PMID- 4044226
TI  - Massive postoperative ascites: a presenting symptom of liver cirrhosis.

PMID- 4044227
TI  - Cryptophthalmos syndrome.

PMID- 4044228
TI  - Glucose tolerance test in Israeli pregnant women.
AB  - An oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed in 1,055 healthy Israeli women
      at various stages of pregnancy. The whole venous blood glucose levels were higher
      in Israeli pregnant women than in American pregnant women. By adding 2 SD to the
      mean values, the upper limits of the oral GTT in the Israeli pregnant women were
      higher than the corresponding limits in American pregnant women. According to our
      results, 2.7% of Israeli pregnant women have gestational diabetes. However, if
      American standards are used, then 3.7% of our population would be considered to
      have gestational diabetes. Each population should be evaluated, therefore,
      according to its specific standards. The mean +/- 2 SD glucose levels of the GTT
      in pregnant women at age greater than or equal to 30 years were higher than those
      of the entire population of pregnant women. It is suggested, therefore, that the
      GTT of each pregnant woman should be considered according to her age-group.

PMID- 4044229
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse. Quantitative analysis and long-term follow-up.
AB  - Forty-two patients with systolic posterior motion of the mitral valve on M-mode
      echocardiogram were reevaluated after a mean clinical follow-up of 6.7 years and
      an echocardiographic follow-up of 5.1 years. A new method for quantitation of
      mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is presented. A straight line (A) was drawn
      connecting the site of posterior leaflet motion with the D point of the
      subsequent diastole. A vertical line (B), termed "the degree of MVP," was drawn
      from the site of maximal MVP to line A. The degree of MVP was then correlated
      with various clinical and ECG parameters and with the presence of complications.
      Measurements could be taken in 21 patients; the mean degree of MVP increased from
      5.9 +/- 2.1 to 7.1 +/- 2.9 mm (P less than 0.01), and mean left atrial size
      increased from 3.0 +/- 0.5 to 3.5 +/- 0.8 cm (P less than 0.01). No correlation
      was found between the degree of MVP and symptoms, auscultatory findings or the
      presence of complications. There were no deaths and in none was life-threatening
      arrhythmia documented. The complications we encountered were endocarditis in five
      patients, transient ischemic attacks in two and cardiac arrest during surgery in
      one. We conclude that 1) the degree of MVP can be measured by M-mode
      echocardiography; 2) there seems to be no correlation between the degree of MVP
      and the patient's clinical state; 3) complications in MVP are rather frequent;
      and 4) left atrial size and degree of MVP tend to increase with time, which may
      indicate a progressive nature of the disease.

PMID- 4044230
TI  - Incidence, etiology, diagnosis and treatment of cardiac tamponade in the Negev.
AB  - The files of 20 patients who required surgical intervention for cardiac tamponade
      between May 1976 and June 1983 were reviewed. The most frequently implicated
      etiological factors were viral or idiopathic (8 of 20 cases). Clinical signs of
      major importance were: tachycardia, 19 of 20; dyspnea, 17 of 20; and venous
      engorgement, 17 of 20. Valuable bedside examinations were the pulsus paradoxus
      for the cardiac tamponade of nontraumatic etiology and the central venous
      pressure examination for traumatic cardiac tamponade. Echocardiography was the
      most reliable laboratory examination. All patients were treated surgically either
      through a left thoracotomy or by the subxiphoid approach. Although both methods
      were equally effective in controlling this life-threatening condition, the latter
      technique resulted in a lower rate of postoperative complications.

PMID- 4044232
TI  - Progressive age-related decrease in regional cerebral blood flow in healthy
      subjects.
AB  - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured by the 133xenon inhalation
      technique in 103 healthy, nonhospitalized subjects of whom 44 were less than 30
      years of age. Mean brain and hemispheric flows and rCBF decreased with advancing
      age. Moreover, a steep decline in rCBF became apparent as early as the third
      decade of life. Our findings suggest that the decline of rCBF is not limited to
      healthy elderly subjects, but is a progressive phenomenon that begins at an
      earlier age.

PMID- 4044231
TI  - Hemostatic changes after saline infusion.
AB  - An in vitro trial was performed to detect a thrombotic tendency in patients
      receiving saline infusions before surgery. The following tests were performed:
      thromboelastography (TEG) with the three indices of the reaction time (r), clot
      formation time (k) and maximum amplitude (MA), and antithrombin III, which was
      investigated immunologically as well as by a functional test with a chromogenic
      substrate and an automated method. The use of these tests together with others
      for the detection of high-risk patients is suggested, since no single laboratory
      test was found to be sufficient for the prediction of thrombotic diseases.

PMID- 4044233
TI  - Rubella immunity measured by hemagglutination inhibition and enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay.
AB  - Evaluation of the immunity to rubella by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI)
      test and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in a series of 1,697 sera
      collected from women of childbearing age, showed a 65% agreement; 33% were ELISA
      positive and HI-negative at a 1:16 dilution and only 2% were ELISA-negative and
      HI-positive. Among 241 women given the rubella vaccine following an HI titer of
      less than 1:16, no change was observed in 208 in the postimmunization HI test,
      but only 11 were negative when ELISA was used. The retesting by ELISA of 110
      preimmunization sera showed that 67 (61%) were positive, and therefore the
      vaccine had been unnecessarily administered. In a series of 72 HI tests that did
      not permit interpretation because of a nonspecific reaction, ELISA provided quite
      clear results. ELISA appears to be a sensitive technique for the evaluation of
      the true immune status to rubella in sera with low HI levels (less than 1:16), as
      well as in circumstances where the HI test reacts nonspecifically.

PMID- 4044234
TI  - High-output cardiac failure as a presenting symptom of plasma cell leukemia.
AB  - A patient presented with high-output cardiac failure and was found to have plasma
      cell leukemia. No cause for the cardiac failure was found, and there was no
      response to treatment with diuretics and thiamine. Chemotherapy for the leukemia
      resulted in resolution of the cardiac failure, suggesting that the latter was
      caused by the leukemia--a hitherto unreported association.

PMID- 4044235
TI  - Trabecular carcinoma of the skin. A histopathological study of two cases.
AB  - The first two cases of trabecular carcinoma of the skin reported in Israel are
      presented. On light microscopy, the tumors demonstrated a distinctive trabecular
      pattern, with cords of tumor cells embedded in the connective tissue stroma in
      the dermis. Dense-core neurosecretory granules, in association with formed
      desmosomes, were demonstrated by electron microscopy. This tumor may be
      misdiagnosed as lymphoma or metastatic anaplastic carcinoma, and awareness of its
      distinctive morphological features is necessary in order to arrive at the correct
      diagnosis.

PMID- 4044236
TI  - Bilateral Bell's palsy due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.
AB  - A 12-month-old infant developed bilateral facial paresis 4 weeks following a
      febrile illness associated with tonsillitis, bronchopneumonia and
      hepatosplenomegaly. Complement fixing antibody titer to Mycoplasma pneumoniae was
      1:128, which subsequently dropped to 1:16. The clinical presentation in our
      patient was unusual in that he developed bilateral facial palsy at a very young
      age, and there was also a possible association of the palsy with Mycoplasma
      infection.

PMID- 4044237
TI  - Diabetes insipidus in pregnancy.

PMID- 4044239
TI  - Sleep--a necessity or an indulgence?

PMID- 4044238
TI  - Adenomatous polyp of the common bile duct in familial polyposis coli.

PMID- 4044240
TI  - Annual meeting of the Israel Society for Parasitology. 22 May 1985, Jerusalem,
      Israel. Abstracts.

PMID- 4044241
TI  - Medical economics, health care costs/financing Hawaii, 1985.

PMID- 4044242
TI  - Chlamydia trachomatis infections in west Scotland.

PMID- 4044243
TI  - 1944-1984: changes in maternity care over four decades in Aberdeen.

PMID- 4044244
TI  - Managing the National Health Service in Scotland: an agenda for research and
      development.

PMID- 4044246
TI  - The appropriate use of diagnostic services: (I). Introduction to the series.

PMID- 4044245
TI  - The changing face of general psychiatric practice.

PMID- 4044247
TI  - Is routine administration of syntometrine still justified in the management of
      the third stage of labour?

PMID- 4044248
TI  - [Recent developments in the diagnosis and therapy of primary varicose veins].
AB  - Crossectomy and a stripping operation, on the one hand, plus sclerosis therapy on
      the other are emphasized as complementary non-competing measures in the
      therapeutic treatment of varicosis of the great saphenous system. Differential
      therapeutic management of varicosis in the great saphenous system is elucidated
      by means of grading classification of the primary varicosis.

PMID- 4044249
TI  - [Ethnic variations of scalp hair].
AB  - There has been no polytypical variation in human hairforms for at least the last
      10,000 years. In view of the wide variety of hair forms, it must be assumed that
      biological adaptation has occurred. Several features of the scalp hair, such as
      form, color, thickness, density, maximal length, tensile strength, etc. are
      clearly genetically determined. When dealing with diseases of the hair, it may be
      useful for the dermatologist to distinguish between "hair" and "hair".

PMID- 4044250
TI  - [Airborne contact dermatitis].
AB  - Two elderly individuals suffering from acute recurrent dermatitis of light
      exposed skin between spring and autumn were shown to be allergic to feverfew
      (Tanacetum parthenium) of the Compositae family. Patch tests revealed not only
      strong reactions to the plant and its constituent parthenolide but also a number
      of cross-reactions to related species. The source of this contact allergy was
      dried airborne plant particles that attached themselves to the skin during long
      periods outdoors. Differentiation between patterns of airborne contact dermatitis
      and persistent light reaction is possible by several distinct observations, i.e.,
      in patients with airborne contact dermatitis: a) Patch tests with Compositae
      plant extracts and constituents will be positive. b) There will be no skin
      lesions in winter. c) Skin regions that are usually not impaired during light
      exposure will also be involved: the upper eyelids, the retroauricular region, the
      shady area beneath the chin.

PMID- 4044251
TI  - [Paracoccidioidomycosis, an imported tropical disease].
AB  - Tropical mycoses are very rare diseases in this country. To date there have only
      been two published observations of paracoccidioidomycosis in the Federal Republic
      of Germany. In these rare cases the diagnosis is often delayed because
      paracoccidioidomycosis imitates frequently appearing and well-known diseases like
      tuberculosis or sarcoidosis. The diagnostic and therapeutic aspects are
      illustrated in a recently observed patient from Peru. Therapy consisted of
      ketoconazole 400 mg/day orally administered with good results and only transient
      side effects.

PMID- 4044252
TI  - [Nevoid perifollicular fibromas (Zackheim and Pinkus)].
AB  - We present a short report on a patient with nevoid perifollicular fibromas. The
      histology, differential diagnosis and etiology of these proliferations, which
      arise only from connective tissue, are discussed on the basis of the literature.

PMID- 4044253
TI  - [North American blastomycosis].
AB  - We report the case of an African patient with North American blastomycosis. The
      clinical and mycological results and presented and the therapy explained.

PMID- 4044254
TI  - [Congenital hypertrichosis lanuginosa].
AB  - We present the case of a 2-year-old boy with generalized excessive growth of
      lanugo-like hair which had been developing since the 1st year of his life. A
      complete endocrine, metabolic and genetic investigation showed no abnormal
      findings. There was no familial history of hypertrichosis.

PMID- 4044255
TI  - [Increased desquamation of immature germ cells in the ejaculate of infertile
      men].
AB  - In order to find indications of underlying disorders, clinical, hormonal and
      spermatological examinations were conducted on 21 infertile male patients, who
      had shown increased exfoliation of immature germ cells in the ejaculate. However,
      no significant anamnestic, clinical or hormonal data were obtained. The
      differential spermiogram, on the other hand, revealed more or less uniform oligo
      astheno-teratozoospermia, which was also characterized by frequent alteration of
      the middle and end pieces of the spermatozoa. In 11 of 21 patients, Ureaplasma
      urealyticum was demonstrated in the seminal plasma. Examination of the cellular
      fraction in the seminal fluid by impulse cytophotometry revealed a slight rise in
      the hyperhaploid peaks, a definite increase in the diploid peaks, and pronounced
      increase in the hypohaploid peaks. It remains debatable whether the hypohaploid
      peaks represent a karyolysis of exfoliated immature germ cells, an idiopathic
      decrease in the DNA content of sperm cells, an artificial fragmentation, or
      increased disintegration of spermatozoa. The frequency of seminal infections with
      U. urealyticum raises the question of whether or not the increased exfoliation of
      immature germ cells represents a specific alteration of the sperm cell
      precoursers.

PMID- 4044256
TI  - [UV-ray sensitivity of patients with malignant melanoma].
AB  - In 77 patients with malignant melanoma and 74 control subjects without skin
      tumors caused by sunlight, the minimal erythema dosage (MED) in the UV-C and UV-B
      areas, immediate pigment darkening (IPD), and minimal tanning dose (MTD) were
      determined according to skin type. Direct (MED-UV-B, MED-UV-C) and inverse (IPD,
      MTD) correlations were established according to skin type. These parameters
      showed no differences between patients with malignant melanoma and the control
      group.

PMID- 4044257
TI  - [Mycetoma caused by Petriellidium boydii: treatment with ketoconazole].
AB  - A case of mycetoma of the lower leg (Madura foot) with bone involvement caused by
      Petriellidium boydii is presented. After an initially favourable therapeutic
      response to ketoconazole (2 X 200 mg/die) the process recurred despite proven
      sensitivity of the fungus in vitro. It could not be controlled with conservative
      treatment and ultimately necessitated amputation of the lower leg. A striking,
      hitherto unreported feature of mycetoma was the episodic occurrence of
      circulating immune complexes with febrile monoarthritis of the adjacent ankle.

PMID- 4044258
TI  - [Erythema toxicum neonatorum with pustulation versus transient neonatal pustular
      melanosis].
AB  - A girl with widespread vesicular pustular lesions present at birth is reported.
      The differential diagnosis is discussed, with an extreme eruption of erythema
      toxicum neonatorum and the newly described entity transient neonatal pustular
      melanosis (TNPM) under consideration. This benign, self-limited, pustular
      eruption, with lesions present at birth, requires no specific therapy, but must
      be distinguished from the neonatal skin manifestations of viral, bacterial and
      fungal diseases. The condition should not be confused with others involving
      sepsis.

PMID- 4044259
TI  - [Treatment of a herpetic gingivostomatitis with acyclovir (Zovirax) in a female
      patient in the last trimester of pregnancy].
AB  - The case of a 32-year-old patient is reported who in her 35th week of pregnancy
      was successfully treated with acyclovir because of severe gingivostomatitis
      herpetica causing general health problems. The child was born 4 weeks later in
      good health. Acyclovir was thus used for the first time in a pregnant women.

PMID- 4044260
TI  - The U.S. Transuranium Registry report on the 241Am content of a whole body.
AB  - An analysis and evaluation of 241Am in the whole body of a donor to the U.S.
      Transuranium Registry (USTR) is presented in five parts. The USTR donor's
      pertinent medical history, autopsy findings and antemortem evaluations of intake
      and systemic burden are described in Parts I and II. The donor was a 49-yr-old
      male Caucasian radiochemist who died of metastic melanoma in 1979. His work with
      actinide elements began in 1952, and the greatest potential for intake of 241Am
      was when he used an unsealed 241Am source in his doctoral research (1952-54). The
      first indication that an intake had occurred was the detection of 241Am in a
      urine sample collected in 1958 as part of an internal dosimetry surveillance
      program. In-vivo estimates of the initial 241Am intake, based on sporadic urine
      samples and three sets of external photon measurements, ranged from 0.23-1.1 muCi
      depending on the calculational models and calibration factors used. No chelation
      therapy was applied. The time of intake was estimated to be approximately 25 yr
      before death. External photon measurements made on the donor's body and dissected
      bones, presented in Part III, have yielded new and more accurate calibration
      factors for external in-vivo measurement of the 60-keV gamma rays of 241Am and
      the 13.2- and 14-keV x rays of 239Pu and 238Pu. The symmetrical distribution of
      241Am in the bones of the right and left sides of the body and the reliability of
      total skeletal 241Am estimated from external measurements of 241Am in the head
      were confirmed. The soft tissues and about one-half of the skeleton were weighed
      wet, ashed, reweighed and analyzed radiochemically for 241Am, as described in
      Part IV. The measured total 241Am in the body was 147.4 nCi, distributed as
      follows: soft tissues of left hand, 1.9%; liver, 6.3%; respiratory tract tissues,
      1.5%; other organs, 0.9%; combined structural soft tissues (muscle, skin,
      connective tissue), 8.6%; mineralized tissues (bones, teeth), 80%. The
      expectations of similar 241Am concentrations in bones of grossly similar
      structure and also in parts of bones of similar microscopic structure were
      confirmed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4044261
TI  - The U.S. Transuranium Registry report of the 241Am content of a whole body. Part
      IV: Preparation and analysis of the tissues and bones.
AB  - Los Alamos National Laboratory has analyzed autopsy tissue for the USTR, as a
      part of its study of the uptake, distribution and retention of Pu and other
      transuranic elements in occupationally exposed workers since 1978. In April 1979,
      Los Alamos received the internal organs and bone samples from the first whole
      body donation to the USTR. The donor was known to have an internal deposition of
      241Am. All soft tissue, the bones from the right half of the skeleton, and the
      odd-numbered vertebrae were received at Los Alamos in February 1980. The bones
      were subdivided along anatomical areas of interest. All soft tissues and bone
      specimens were analyzed for their 241Am content. A total deposition of 147.4 nCi
      241Am was measured. Approximately 18% of the 241Am remaining in the body
      (disregarding that in the left hand), was found in the soft tissues, and 82% was
      in the bones and teeth. The soft tissues and organs containing the largest
      amounts of 241Am were the combined soft tissue (striated muscle, connective
      tissue and skin) 8.8%; liver, 6.4% and respiratory tract, 1.5%. The remaining
      organs accounted for 0.9% of the systemic burden.

PMID- 4044262
TI  - The U.S. Tranuranium Registry report on the 241Am content of a whole body. Part
      V: Implications for metabolic modelling.

PMID- 4044263
TI  - Clinical restoration of voice function after loss of the vagus nerve.
AB  - One hundred eleven patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis underwent Teflon
      injection for the rehabilitation of laryngeal function. The most common etiology
      was vocal cord paralysis after surgical treatment of thoracic abdominal aortic
      aneurysms, which accounted for 36.9% of patients. Of the 111 patients, 85% had
      improved voice function after Teflon injection. Two patients developed airway
      obstruction secondary to edema and required temporary tracheostomy. Twenty-four
      patients with paralysis after aneurysm surgery were injected acutely with no
      morbidity and immediate restoration of voice function. We now advocate Teflon
      injection in patients with vocal cord paralysis after thoracic aneurysm surgery
      in the immediate convalescent period to restore voice function and lessen
      pulmonary complications.

PMID- 4044264
TI  - Metastases to the larynx.
AB  - Eleven cases of metastases to the intrinsic larynx are reported. This number
      constitutes the largest collection from a single institution in the literature
      and brings the total recorded cases to 83. Cutaneous melanomas are the
      preponderant primaries, followed by renal cell carcinomas, and carcinomas of the
      breast and lung, respectively. The supraglottis is the favored site for the
      metastatic deposit; the glottis, the least frequently involved area.

PMID- 4044265
TI  - Entire pharyngoesophageal reconstruction with latissimus dorsi myocutaneous
      island flap.
AB  - The entire pharynx and cervical esophagus were reconstructed after total
      laryngectomy and pharyngoesophagectomy for advanced cancer in 14 patients with
      the use of a pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous island flap. All flaps were
      transferred successfully in one stage. The reliability of the flap and
      postoperative state of food passage were studied. Repair was confirmed by
      roentgenographic examination 6 months after surgery. A slight narrowness was
      noted at the portion anastomosed with the esophagus, with dilatation of the
      reconstructed segment. All patients in our study have been able to resume normal
      oral feeding. The pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous island flap is reliable
      and useful for the reconstruction of the pharynx and cervical esophagus.

PMID- 4044266
TI  - Accuracy of frozen-section diagnosis in salivary gland lesions.
AB  - A retrospective study is presented comparing the results of 462 frozen-section
      analyses of surgically extirpated salivary gland tumors with the permanent
      section results. The overall agreement between frozen- and permanent-section
      analyses was 95.7%. A separate review of the last 47 months of this 32-year study
      revealed an accuracy rate of 98.8%. Frozen-section diagnosis of salivary gland
      tumors has been reliable and clinically valuable in our practice.

PMID- 4044267
TI  - High-resolution computed tomography: Part 5. Evaluation of the temporomandibular
      joint.
AB  - High-resolution computed tomography (CT) is evolving as the most valuable
      radiographic study when detailed information about the status of the
      temporomandibular joint is needed. High-resolution CT is faster, less invasive,
      and in most cases much more accurate than other imaging modalities used in the
      past. Erosive, hypertrophic, and ankylosing arthropathies are illustrated, as are
      condylar dislocations secondary to acute trauma, chronic trauma, and neoplasm. A
      detailed discussion of the common problem of the anterior displaced meniscus is
      undertaken.

PMID- 4044268
TI  - The soft tissue myxoma of the head and neck region--report of a case and
      literature review.
AB  - A case of soft tissue myxoma in scalp is reported in a patient with a history of
      congenital cleft lip and palate. Review of the literature shows head and neck
      soft tissue myxoma occurs almost in every decade of life with peak occurrence in
      the fourth decade. Men are affected more than women. The most common location in
      the head and neck region is the palate, followed by the parotid area. The
      prognosis of this soft tissue tumor is good. Conservative surgical excision with
      adequate margins is the treatment of choice. Several theories concerning the
      pathogenesis of this tumor are discussed, with the theory that a basic error in
      tissue metabolism during initial growth is the most compatible to the elements of
      this case. Differential diagnosis regarding this type of lesion is also
      discussed.

PMID- 4044269
TI  - Metastatic carcinoma of oral soft tissue.
AB  - Metastatic carcinomas to the oral region are rare. Most of the lesions are
      located in the bones of the jaw. The medical literature contains quite a few
      examples of metastatic lesions located strictly in the oral soft tissue. We
      present two cases of oral soft tissue metastatic carcinoma of urogenital origin.

PMID- 4044270
TI  - Normal high resolution karyotypes in patients with adenomatosis of the colon and
      rectum.

PMID- 4044271
TI  - Mental characteristics of families with alcoholism in Iceland.

PMID- 4044272
TI  - Chromatid macrocoiling in human somatic mitotis: macrocoil progression towards
      metaphase.

PMID- 4044273
TI  - Cessation of smoking enhances sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes.

PMID- 4044274
TI  - Genetic differences at the transferrin locus in Norwegian semi-domestic and wild
      reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.).

PMID- 4044275
TI  - Polymorphism of serum albumin in dog breeds and its relation to weight and leg
      length.

PMID- 4044276
TI  - High dietary selenium increases radiation-induced micronucleus formation in mouse
      bone marrow.

PMID- 4044277
TI  - Genetic studies of Gammarus. IV. Selection component analysis of the Gpi and the
      Mpi loci in Gammarus oceanicus.

PMID- 4044278
TI  - Double minutes in a cell line from mouse fibroblasts grown under nonselective
      conditions. Suppression of a double minute-free sideline by in vivo environment.

PMID- 4044279
TI  - The pronuclei of bovine ova fertilized in vitro.

PMID- 4044280
TI  - Models of parent-offspring conflict: effect of environmental variance.
AB  - "Parent-offspring conflict" is a theoretical concept proposing that siblings are
      selected to be slightly more greedy with each other than parents are selected to
      tolerate. This paper extends a class of previous models of parent-offspring
      conflict by introducing a new and more realistic dimension to the analysis: the
      amount of investment an offspring receives is influenced by non-genetic causes
      (environmental variance) as well as genetic causes. Results of previous models
      are substantiated for a wide range of conditions, with two interesting results:
      (1) direct testing of these models of parent-offspring conflict will prove harder
      than previously supposed, and (2) in some cases the conflict disappears. The
      models identify several difficulties that confront quantitative, empirical
      studies of parent-offspring conflict, and they may consequently help anticipate
      those aspects of parent-offspring conflict that are most amenable to study.

PMID- 4044281
TI  - A methacrylate embedding technique for combined autoradiography and acid
      phosphatase histochemistry.
AB  - A method is described that enables the simultaneous application of
      autoradiography and histochemistry in tissue sections prepared using a
      hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) embedding medium. A novel fixation regime, using
      a 1:9 v/v mixture of acetone and 10% neutral buffered formalin, improves section
      quality, histological staining and reduces tissue and cell shrinkage. The
      combined localization of [6-3H] thymidine incorporation and acid phosphatase in
      mouse thymus, duodenum, human stomach biopsy, earthworm and Walker tumour is
      described and counts of macrophages, phagocytosed cells, pyknotic cells, mitotic
      figures and thymidine-incorporating cells from young and old mouse thymus are
      presented.

PMID- 4044282
TI  - A sensitive method for the histochemical demonstration of vicinal diols of
      carbohydrates.
AB  - A new sensitive method has been established for the histochemical demonstration
      of vicinal diols of carbohydrates in light microscopy. It consists of a periodic
      acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) sequence followed by
      physical development. The new method is more sensitive than the PA-TCH-SP and
      periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) methods employed hitherto. Its specificity is
      sufficient.

PMID- 4044283
TI  - Some influences on the measurement of food intake during a dietary survey of
      adolescents.
AB  - Data are presented from a recent longitudinal study of dietary habits of English
      children aged 11-13 y, in relation to various factors which may have influenced
      the estimations of intake. A knowledge of such relationships may aid the design
      and interpretation of this and other dietary surveys. The factors studied
      included survey fatigue, learning effect, season of the year, day of the week and
      the subjects' knowledge of the study's purpose. Generally the relationships found
      were of minor importance, but the variable influence of some of these factors is
      apparent from a study of the relevant literature. This is one reason why dietary
      survey methodology is resistant to simplification. It is concluded that the
      dietary survey method used was adequate for the purpose of the study.

PMID- 4044284
TI  - Is breast milk the best food for all infants?
AB  - In an effort to promote breast feeding, health workers are publicising the
      advantages of human milk. However, not all infants will benefit from being breast
      fed. Human milk may be unsuitable for infants with some metabolic conditions, or
      those whose mothers are undergoing certain drug therapies. Pooled breast milk
      from human milk banks is often of questionable nutritional quality, its use for
      sick infants requires careful consideration. The composition of breast milk is
      influenced by the maternal diet and environmental pollution. Occasional reports
      of nutritional deficiencies in breast-fed infants emphasise the unpredictability
      of human milk. These reports, although rare, serve as reminders that human milk
      is neither a perfect nor a complete food. Health workers need to be aware of the
      shortcomings of breast milk as well as its undoubted benefits.

PMID- 4044285
TI  - A weighed dietary survey of women in South Wales.
AB  - Dietary intakes of 101 women living in a small South Wales town were measured by
      four day weighed inventory. Variation of nutrient intake with Body Mass Index
      (Quetelet Index) and age was also studied. Mean total energy was 1760 kcal (7.4
      MJ); of this 42.9 per cent came from carbohydrate, 41.2 per cent from fat, 13.9
      per cent from protein and 2.0 per cent from alcohol. Only cereal and total fibre
      intakes showed a gradual increase with age. Quetelet Index also increased with
      age; however there was a small negative correlation between carbohydrate intake
      and Quetelet Index. The results are compared with data from Cambridgeshire.

PMID- 4044286
TI  - The 1984 COMA report--a new approach?
AB  - This paper argues that the 1984 COMA report marks a new departure in recommending
      dietary changes to individuals rather than to the population en masse. The
      consequences of this approach include the necessity of providing members of the
      public with accurate and intelligible information on foods and a reliable means
      of assessing their dietary intake of fat.

PMID- 4044287
TI  - Phosphorus in the British household food supply.
AB  - The intake of phosphorus in Britain was calculated for 1975 by applying the
      values for phosphorus in foods from the 4th edition of McCance and Widdowson's
      'The composition of foods' to the average household food purchases recorded in
      the National Food Survey (NFS). A similar exercise was carried out for 1982, but
      using many updated values for the phosphorus content of foods. In 1975 the
      average household intake of phosphorus was 1310 mg per person per day while by
      1982 it had declined to 1223 mg per person per day. The calcium: phosphorus ratio
      was 1 : 1.3 in both years. These intakes are above the US recommendation for
      adults but well below the maximum tolerable daily intakes for phosphorus.

PMID- 4044288
TI  - Collaboration in applied research.

PMID- 4044289
TI  - Preliminary report on inverse diurnal variation of phenylalanine: implications in
      maternal phenylketonuria.
AB  - Plasma phenylalanine concentrations vary throughout the day by a well-described
      circadian rhythm. This rhythm is altered in phenylketonuric subjects. The
      implications for monitoring a pregnant phenylketonuric are considered.

PMID- 4044290
TI  - Dietary treatment of neonatal Fredrickson's type I hyperlipidaemia.

PMID- 4044291
TI  - Obesity in boys: the distinction between fatness and heaviness.
AB  - An anthropometric survey of approximately 2350 boys aged 1-8 years was conducted
      as part of a study of pre-school child growth. It was shown that there was no
      close relationship between obesity measured as fatness from the triceps skinfold
      and the development of heaviness as judged by weight-for-height. It is suggested
      that the study of obesity in children should involve classification into sub
      groups identifiable as the heavy but not fat, the fat but not heavy and those who
      are both heavy and fat. This may help in understanding the nature of obesity and
      its implications in future disease.

PMID- 4044292
TI  - Factors affecting iron stores in French female students.
AB  - Serum ferritin and haematological variables were determined in 476 healthy French
      students (21.3 +/- 0.2 years). Information was collected on the duration of
      menses and contraceptive uses. Dietary intakes were assessed by the dietary
      history method in a randomized subsample of 157 women. The proportion of anaemic
      subjects was low, but 16 per cent of women had exhausted iron stores (serum
      ferritin less than or equal to 12 micrograms/l). Duration of menses was
      negatively correlated with serum ferritin concentration. The mean iron intake was
      10.92 +/- 0.02 mg/d. Only fewer than 5 per cent of the students had daily iron
      intakes corresponding to the recommended dietary allowances for menstruating
      women (greater than or equal to 16 mg/d). There was a positive correlation
      between energy consumption and iron intake (r = 0.79, P less than 10(-9) ). Tea
      and dairy products intakes appeared to have a significant negative correlation
      with serum ferritin. The positive correlation between serum ferritin and
      haemoglobin suggests that decreased or depleted iron stores are associated with
      suboptimal haemoglobin values. This raises the problem of the definition of
      normal serum ferritin and haemoglobin values in menstruating women.

PMID- 4044293
TI  - Is muscle lipoprotein lipase inactivated by ordinary amounts of dietary
      carbohydrates?
AB  - Lipoprotein metabolism was investigated in 12 patients, healthy except for renal
      stone disease, who received a high-protein experimental diet for 2 weeks under
      metabolic ward conditions. The results were compared with those after 2 weeks on
      a control diet of ordinary composition. The patients were randomly allocated to
      begin with the control or experimental diet. The energy contributions from
      protein, carbohydrate and fat were 12, 48 and 41 per cent in the control diet and
      29, 31 and 41 per cent in the experimental diet, respectively. Fasting
      concentrations of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides and
      cholesterol were lower with the high-protein than with the control diet (0.69 vs
      1.4 mmol/l, P less than 0.0001, and 0.33 vs 0.47 mmol/l P less than 0.01,
      respectively). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol tended to be higher (0.05
      less than P less than 0.10) with the high-protein diet. Lipoprotein-lipase (LPL)
      activity in skeletal muscle and the fractional catabolic rate constant of an
      intravenous fat tolerance test were higher with the high-protein than with the
      control diet (38 vs 21 mU/l, P less than 0.01, and 5.1 vs 3.6 mU/l, P less than
      0.001, respectively). Neither fasting blood glucose, intravenous glucose
      tolerance nor insulin concentrations differed between the two dietary periods.
      These findings indicate that an 'ordinary' intake of refined carbohydrates has an
      inhibitory effect on the muscle LPL activity, thereby increasing the VLDL level
      and slightly decreasing the level of high-density lipoproteins, which may be of
      relevance for the atherosclerotic process.

PMID- 4044294
TI  - Riboflavin status of adolescent southern Chinese: riboflavin saturation studies.
AB  - Riboflavin saturation studies were done on 36 high-school boys in Canton whose
      mean daily intake of riboflavin was 0.45 mg and who showed clinical evidence of
      deficiency. The boys were given a 2 mg load of riboflavin orally followed by
      supplements of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg riboflavin to three groups; a control group
      received no supplement. After 14 days' supplementation, excretion of riboflavin
      had increased significantly in all supplemented groups, but not in the control
      group. The 4-h excretion of riboflavin after the 2 mg load averaged 8.6 per cent
      of the load for all groups before supplementation. After 14 days' supplementation
      it was significantly increased only in the groups receiving 1.0 and 1.5 mg daily.
      This suggests that tissue saturation may not be achieved until the background
      intake of 0.45 mg/d is increased by between a further 0.5-1.0 mg daily. After 17
      days' supplementation with 1.0 and 1.5 mg riboflavin, scrotal dermatitis
      disappeared. However, even in the 0.5 mg supplemented group, eight out of ten
      boys with scrotal dermatitis had responded and a total intake of 0.95 mg/d may be
      enough to prevent clinical deficiency.

PMID- 4044295
TI  - A comparison of hand-grip dynamometry and arm muscle size amongst Africans in
      North-East Nigeria.
AB  - Grip strength, measured with a Harpenden hand-grip dynamometer, and
      anthropometric measurements of upper limb muscle size were performed on 328
      healthy Africans and on 148 African patients admitted to medical wards of the
      General Hospital, Maiduguri. In healthy subjects grip strength was constant
      between the ages of 18 and 44 years, and at 2 s.d. below the mean cut-off levels
      of 30 kg and 19 kg were chosen respectively for men and women. Medical patients
      had a reduction in arm muscle circumference and arm muscle area, and 60 per cent
      had a grip strength below the cut-off level. In male and female patients there
      was a strong positive correlation between grip strength and anthropometric
      measurements, although the ratio of grip strength to arm muscle area (G/A) was
      reduced compared with healthy subjects. Grip strength is a simple, cheap and
      reproducible index of muscle function, and further studies should be undertaken
      to define more clearly its role in the assessment of adult nutrition in the
      tropics.

PMID- 4044296
TI  - Anthropometric cut-off points for diagnosis of malnutrition: are they applicable
      in developing countries? A study in healthy African adults, North-East Nigeria.
AB  - Anthropometric evaluations of the upper limb were performed on 614 healthy
      African adults who were employees of two hospitals in Maiduguri, North-East
      Nigeria. Measurements were related to reference standards of Jelliffe (1966) and
      to centiles derived from the United States Health and Nutrition examination
      survey of 1971 to 1974. A large proportion of subjects, particularly men, fell
      below the 5th centile and 90 per cent of the Jelliffe reference. These cutoff
      points, which are often taken to indicate nutritional depletion in developed
      countries, cannot be used as similar nutritional indicators in this part of
      Africa.

PMID- 4044297
TI  - Predicting basal metabolic rate, new standards and review of previous work.
AB  - After reviewing the literature on basal metabolism, this paper discusses and
      reviews recent attempts to predict BMR from age, sex and anthropometric
      measurements. Criticism is made of the scientific and statistical integrity of a
      widely used table of standard metabolic rates for weight. The statistical
      screening of data from the literature of the past 50 years is described and
      equations computed from these screened data are presented. In these equations,
      BMR is predicted simply from weight or from weight and height with sex and age
      taken into account. Information is given on error, and tables estimating error
      for predictions on new data both for individuals and for means of groups of
      subjects are included. A table of BMRs for weights from 3 to 84 kg for males and
      females separately is also included. Cross-validation techniques are used to
      estimate possible threats to validity from various sources including, for
      example, different procedures of early workers. It was found that in the data
      available subjects from developing countries not only were smaller and had lower
      metabolic rates (as was expected) but also had lower rates per unit body weight
      than European or North American subjects. It is argued that at an individual
      level the error of prediction must be high since the global operationalisation of
      BMR confounds separate effects known to participate in complex relations with
      sex, age and anthropometric indices. The work reported is aimed at meeting a
      practical need for equations which are simple to apply. However, it was found
      that little was gained by the use of more complex equations, although they remain
      of scientific interest.

PMID- 4044298
TI  - Basal metabolic rate: comments on the new equations.

PMID- 4044299
TI  - Development and enzyme activity of protein bodies in proteinoplasts of tobacco
      root cells.
AB  - The development of protein bodies in proteinoplasts of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum
      L. var. Wis. 38) roots was investigated with TEM, HVEM, and enzyme cytochemistry.
      These plastids contain a three-dimensional network of fenestrated tubules which
      originate from invaginations of the inner membrane of the plastid envelope.
      Elaboration of the network occurs in parallel with cell differentiation: slender
      tubules common to plastids in meristematic cells undergo dilation as protein
      accumulates during cell differentiation; proteinoplasts of vacuolate and root cap
      cells usually contain a large protein body. The contents of the peripheral
      tubules, originating from the inner membrane, are less electron dense than the
      tubules making up the central network. Localized dilations within the tubular
      network result in the formation of dense spheroidal structures, protein bodies,
      apparently as a result of continued protein accumulation via tubules connecting
      to the central network. Protein might be imported from segments of rough ER
      attached to or apposed to the outer membrane of the proteinoplast envelope. The
      presence of catalase (E.C. 1.11.1.6), peroxidase (E.C. 1.11.1.7), and cytochrome
      oxidase (E.C. 1.9.3.1) was demonstrated by cytochemistry with diaminobenzidine
      (DAB) as substrate. Oxidized DAB was found in protein bodies after incubation in
      each of the specific reaction media. While aminotriazole and sodium azide
      inhibited oxidation of DAB by catalase and peroxidase, respectively, only
      potassium cyanide completely inhibited oxidation of DAB in protein bodies. We
      conclude that protein bodies of proteinoplasts in tobacco roots are not sites for
      storage of protein, rather protein bodies contain heme protein(s) with strong
      oxidase activity that may convey a specific function to proteinoplasts.

PMID- 4044300
TI  - Conjugates of colloidal gold with native and acetylated low density lipoproteins
      for ultrastructural investigations on receptor-mediated endocytosis by cultured
      human monocyte-derived macrophages.
AB  - The morphological aspects of the binding and internalization of low density
      lipoproteins (LDL) and acetylated low density lipoproteins (AcLDL) by cultured
      human monocyte-derived macrophages were investigated. For this purpose, LDL and
      AcLDL were conjugated to 20 nm colloidal gold particles. After incubation of the
      cells with the conjugated lipoproteins at 4 degrees C some LDL- or AcLDL-gold
      complexes were found to be attached to the cell surface, but without
      characteristic localization. However, after incubation of the cells at 8 degrees
      C with either LDL-gold or AcLDL-gold, lipoprotein-gold complexes were present in
      clusters on the plasma membrane, often in coated pits. Cells incubated at 37
      degrees C for various time periods showed internalization of both LDL- and AcLDL
      gold complexes via small coated and non-coated vesicles and processing of the
      complexes in smooth-walled endosomes. When the cells were pulse-chased with LDL-
      or AcLDL-gold for 30 min at 37 degrees C, the gold conjugates occurred in dense
      bodies, probably lysosomes. The results suggest that although native and modified
      LDL are reported to be metabolized differently by macrophages, the morphological
      aspects of the endocytosis of LDL and AcLDL by cultured human monocyte-derived
      macrophages are similar.

PMID- 4044301
TI  - Ultrastructural immunocytochemical co-localization of serotonin and PNMT in
      adrenal medullary vesicles.
AB  - Previous immunocytochemical studies at the light microscopic level have
      demonstrated serotonin immunoreactivity in rat adrenal epinephrine-containing
      cells. In this study we have used electron microscopic immunocytochemical methods
      to study the subcellular distribution of serotonin and the enzyme responsible for
      epinephrine biosynthesis, phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT). The
      distribution of the immunostaining was compared in adjacent serial thin sections
      using a post-embedding method in conjunction with peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP)
      immunocytochemistry. Serotonin immunoreactivity was associated with the limiting
      membrane as well as with the core of the chromaffin vesicles. In adjacent
      sections PNMT immunoreactivity was also seen in the serotonin-containing
      vesicles. However, its intravesicular distribution was different from that of
      serotonin; PNMT occupied the eccentric zone of the vesicles between the serotonin
      immunoreactive sites. These results are interpreted to be in support of
      biochemical studies claiming a serotonin uptake and storage capacity of adrenal
      chromaffin vesicle fractions as well as those which suggest serotonin is
      synthesized by chromaffin cells. The relative contribution of uptake and
      synthesis to the pool of serotonin that is stored in the vesicles is an open
      question. The co-localization of serotonin and PNMT in the same vesicle is
      suggestive of a capacity for co-release of serotonin and epinephrine by the
      adrenal medulla.

PMID- 4044302
TI  - Determination of correction factors of 3H-beta-self-absorption for quantitative
      evaluation of grain number in autoradiographic studies. Interferometric studies
      of different cell types in the mouse brain.
AB  - Deparaffinized and Feulgen-stained sagittal sections of the mouse brain were
      studied interferometrically in order to measure optical path differences of
      euchromatin and heterochromatin of various cell types. Furthermore, the ratio eu
      : heterochromatin of each cell type was determined. From these data mass
      densities of karyoplasm and, finally, correction factors of 3H-beta-self
      absorption were calculated for comparing grain numbers of different cell types in
      quantitative autoradiographic studies after application of tritium-labelled
      substances. Remarkable differences of correction factors up to a factor of 2.18
      were found. Furthermore, the actual section thickness was determined
      interferometrically. A reduction to about 0.60 of the microtome setting was
      measured in two different areas of the brain. Using mass densities together with
      actual section thickness correction factors for a thickness of 1 micron were
      calculated. This was done also for cell types outside the brain the data of which
      were taken from literature. Thus, differences in correction factors up to about a
      factor of 4 were found pointing out the importance of considering 3H-beta-self
      absorption in quantitative autoradiographic studies.

PMID- 4044303
TI  - Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of neuron-specific enolase in
      parafollicular cells of the rat thyroid.
AB  - Using pre- and post-embedding procedures, neuron-specific enolase and calcitonin
      were localized in rat thyroid parafollicular cells by light and electron
      microscopy. Peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP), biotin-avidin (ABC) and protein A-
      colloidal gold techniques were used. In paraffin sections neuron-specific enolase
      was demonstrated in all calcitonin-storing parafollicular cells in rats aging 1
      to 180 days. The post-embedding procedure failed to detect neuron-specific
      enolase in ultrathin sections, but the enzyme could be demonstrated using a
      preembedding procedure. Neuron-specific enolase was localized exclusively within
      the cytosol of parafollicular cells, while calcitonin was localized within
      secretory granules applying either post- or pre-embedding incubation techniques.

PMID- 4044304
TI  - Demonstration of reduced levels of zinc in rat brain after treatment with d
      amphetamine, but not after treatment with reserpine.
AB  - Histochemical and atomic absorption spectrophotometric methods were used to study
      the effects of reserpine and d-amphetamine on the neuronal trace metal
      distribution in various regions of the central nervous system (hippocampus,
      parietal cortex, cerebellum). Six hours after single d-amphetamine treatment (15
      mg/kg i.p.), the neuronal zinc level was significantly decreased in the
      hippocampus and in the parietal cortex. The intensity of sulphide silver staining
      was similarly greatly decreased in all layers of the hippocampus and the parietal
      cortex. Such a change was not observed when d-amphetamine was administered in a
      lower dose (5 or 10 mg/kg i.p.). Twenty hours after single reserpine treatment
      (10 mg/kg i.p.), there were no changes in the tissue levels and distribution of
      zinc, copper, iron and manganese. In animals treated with reserpine on five
      consecutive days, in a dose of 10 mg/kg/day i.p., the trace metal distribution
      twenty hours following the final treatment was essentially the same as in the
      control. The results strongly suggest that zinc does not play a direct role in
      vivo in the storage and mobilization processes of the catecholamines. A high dose
      of d-amphetamine, however, has a non-specific, toxic effect that is not
      interrelated with the catecholaminergic neuronal function; this effect is
      manifested in a diminished intensity of sulphide silver staining and in a
      reduction of the tissue zinc level.

PMID- 4044305
TI  - Acid-phosphatase activity of reticular cells and macrophages in the lymph node of
      the rat after ingestion of mast-cell granules.
AB  - Acid phosphatase (ACPase) was ultracytochemically demonstrated in the lymph-node
      sinus reticular cells and macrophages of rats. After the uptake of horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP), marked ACPase activities were seen in both reticular cells and
      macrophages, although only sparse ACPase activity was detected in the reticular
      cells of the control. After the injection of HRP into the footpad, the mast cells
      in the regional lymph node became degranulated, and the released granules were
      taken up by reticular cells and macrophages. In macrophages, these taken-up mast
      cell granules exhibited ACPase reaction products, whereas none of the granules
      taken up by reticular cells showed ACPase activity. The heparin-protamine complex
      was also engulfed by reticular cells and macrophages, and ACPase activity was
      demonstrable in the complex taken up by both types of cell. It is probable that,
      as is the case in macrophages, reticular cells in the lymph-node sinuses take up
      and digest foreign substances through the formation of phagolysosomes, but they
      do not digest granules originating from the mast cells in the lymph node of the
      same animal.

PMID- 4044306
TI  - Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies on the zona-reticularis cells of
      the adrenal cortex of normal and 3-methylcholanthrene-treated mice.
AB  - The drug-metabolism activity of adrenocortical cells of normal and 3
      methylcholanthrene (MC)-treated ddY mice were examined ultrastructurally and
      immunohistochemically. Immunoblot analyses performed prior to
      immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of a protein - possible equivalent to
      cytochrome P-450 found in the liver microsomes of MC-treated male rats - in the
      adrenal homogenate of MC-treated female mice. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated
      the presence of a cytochrome-P-450-like protein in the adrenal-cortical cells
      (especially in the zona-reticularis cells) of MC-treated female mice; at the same
      time, a remarkable increase in the amount of SER in these cells was observed by
      electron microscopy. These findings suggest that cells of the mouse adrenal
      gland, particularly those of the zona-reticularis, might participate not only in
      steroid biosynthesis but also in some sort of drug metabolism (detoxication). In
      addition, there might be a sex-related difference in ddY mice.

PMID- 4044307
TI  - Large increase in disulphide bonds containing cytosol proteins after chronic
      cadmium administration, estimated in isolated rat liver cells.
AB  - Using histochemical staining, followed by cytophotometric quantitation of
      disulphide bonds and total protein in isolated liver cells of rats treated for a
      long time with low doses of CdCl2, a large increase in disulphide bonds
      containing proteins could be demonstrated in cells of one ploidy class. This
      increase seems to be due to an increase in high molecular weight (HMW) cytosol
      proteins as estimated biochemically. They probably represent polymers of
      metallothionein.

PMID- 4044308
TI  - Binding sites of an aminoglycoside in the cochlea examined by
      immunocytochemistry.
AB  - To localize the binding sites of aminoglycosides in the cochlea,
      immunocytochemistry was used with the antibody to gentamicin and the protein
      A/gold complex. We found that the main binding sites were the stereocilia, the
      cuticular plates of hair cells, the head plates of Deiters' cells, cell filaments
      and the cones of pillar cells, tectorial membranes, basilar membranes, the matrix
      of the spiral limbus, plasma membranes, mitochondria, and the chromatin of
      various kinds of cells. Triphosphoinositide and acidic glycosaminoglycans are the
      two most likely candidates for the cause of binding activity.

PMID- 4044309
TI  - Cytochemical localisation of acid phosphatase in the phagocytising conjunctival
      epithelium of the guinea pig.
AB  - The ultrastructural localisation of acid phosphatase activity was investigated on
      the guinea pig conjunctival epithelium incubated in vivo with a suspension of
      latex spheres. Deposits of acid phosphatase reaction product were concentrated on
      the elements of GERL, the phagocytic vacuoles, and the cell membrane. Acid
      phosphatase activity in GERL was intense in basal and suprabasal cells and
      decreased towards the superficial cells. Phagosomes containing latex spheres and
      reaction product of acid phosphatase were observed mainly in the centrospheral
      region of the superficial and intermediate epithelial cells. Acid phosphatase
      activity in phagocytising cells was not increased as compared to that in non
      phagocytising cells. The observations indicate that existing acid phosphatase in
      unstimulated conjunctival epithelial cells is released into heterophagosomes
      brought within the lysosomal compartment. The number of secondary phagosomes
      seems to be increased by intercellular transport of latex spheres to the acid
      phosphatase rich cells in the deep layers of the epithelium.

PMID- 4044310
TI  - Cytochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase in the cell membrane of
      Dictyostelium discoideum amebae.
AB  - We demonstrated that alkaline phosphatase was localized on the cell membrane of
      Dictyostelium discoideum amebae and on isolated plasma membranes. The enzyme
      activity was specifically inhibited by 0.01 M KCN or cysteine. The same method
      could also be applied to baker's yeast and MDCK cells (dog kidney cells in
      vitro).

PMID- 4044311
TI  - Tight junctional permeability of the resting and carbachol stimulated exocrine
      rabbit pancreas.
AB  - The permeability of the pancreatic epithelium to horseradish peroxidase is
      investigated in the resting and carbachol stimulated rabbit pancreas. Horse
      radish peroxidase administered to the bathing medium of the isolated rabbit
      pancreas appears in the secreted fluid of the pancreas in a relatively low
      concentration. Carbachol stimulates both protein secretion and the passage of
      horse radish peroxidase into the secretory fluid. Histochemical assessment shows
      that horseradish peroxidase enters the interstitial spaces of the pancreatic
      tissue and is present along basal and lateral plasma membranes of acinar and
      ductular cells. In the absence of carbachol, horseradish peroxidase is seen more
      frequently in the tight junctions of ductular cells than in those of acinar
      cells. However, in the carbachol stimulated gland horseradish peroxidase is
      observed in the junctions between adjacent acinar cells more frequently than in
      the unstimulated gland. Freeze-fracture of acinar cells shows that the number of
      tight junctional strands and the tight junction depth are slightly decreased upon
      carbachol stimulation. The findings suggest that cholinergic stimulation of the
      exocrine pancreas increases the permeability of the acinar cell junctions to
      moderately large molecules such as horseradish peroxidase. This may result in an
      increase of the concentration of the molecule in the secreted fluid.

PMID- 4044312
TI  - Lectin binding in the diabetic rat kidney.
AB  - In this study metal-conjugated concanavalin A (Con A) and Bandieraea
      simplicifolia isolectin II (BSA II) have been applied to sections from kidneys of
      control rats and rats which had untreated diabetes for 70 days or for 200 days.
      Lectin binding was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis of
      ferritin-iron or hemocyanin-copper. Con A binding increased significantly with
      diabetes; was totally blocked by alpha-D-mannoside; was not inhibited by fructose
      lysine; and was enhanced by NaHB4 preincubation. BSA II binding also increased
      significantly with diabetes.

PMID- 4044313
TI  - [Reconstruction of large defects of the oral mucosa with free, revascularized
      jejunum transplants].
AB  - The resection of oropharyngeal cancer often creates large mucosal defects which
      may impair chewing, swallowing or speech function severely. Therefore, proper
      reconstruction is crucial for the patient. In five cases with cancer of the floor
      of the mouth, the tongue, the cheek and the soft palate respectively, a
      successful reconstruction was achieved by means of a free revascularized jejunal
      graft. Tumour resection and preparation of the jejunal graft are performed
      synchronously by two surgical teams. After suturing the graft into the
      oropharyngeal defect its mesenteric vessels are usually anastomosed to the facial
      artery and the external jugular vein. Results showed that the jejunal graft is a
      most adequate substitute for oropharyngeal defects and superior to skin flaps. In
      a sixth patient the graft was lost because of an arterial thrombosis. This
      failure was not life threatening, but led to a poor functional result.
      Postoperative radiation therapy was tolerated by the transplanted jejunal mucosa
      in spite of a marked inflammatory reaction.

PMID- 4044314
TI  - [Experiences with a myocutaneous island flap of the pectoralis major muscle in
      the reconstruction in the area of the head and neck].
AB  - The principles of reconstructive operations successfully performed with the
      pectoralis major or myocutaneous flap in the oral cavity, pharynx and trachea are
      reviewed. The author's modification is demonstrated on one case of each group.

PMID- 4044315
TI  - [Problem of the surgical treatment of malignant tumors of the hypopharynx and
      cervical esophagus].
AB  - One of the drawbacks in one-stage reconstruction of the cervical oesophagus and
      the hypopharynx is the mortality and morbidity of intestinal transposition or
      free mucosal grafts. The follow up in 19 patients over the last four years showed
      that the pectoralis major flap is a good alternative for partial reconstructions
      of the upper gullet, provided that a mucosal strip of 2 cm can be preserved and
      that secondary shrinkage of the muscle pedicle is allowed for. This means of
      reconstruction is not ideal for circumferential lesions because of stricture
      formation and the high risk of fistula formation. Pectoralis major flaps tolerate
      postoperative radiotherapy well. Functional rehabilitation of the patients can
      usually be achieved within four weeks.

PMID- 4044316
TI  - [Speech rehabilitation following laryngectomy with the Blom-Singer prosthesis].
AB  - The Blom-Singer prosthesis was used on 18 male patients. 61% of these acquired
      fluent speech, 11% spoke partially and 28% were not able to use the prosthesis at
      all. Complications included dysphagia and difficulties with the function of the
      prosthesis. In some cases surgical revision or removal of the prosthesis was
      necessary. Older patients and those living in poor social conditions should not
      be selected for this procedure as their cooperation and motivation often seem to
      fail.

PMID- 4044317
TI  - [Transbronchial fine needle biopsy in the diagnosis of parabronchial tumors].
AB  - Transbronchial fine needle biopsy was performed in 52 patients with hilar
      enlargement on chest radiography or pulmonary carcinoma at bronchoscopy. The
      diagnostic success was high. Most (85%) of the specimens were adequate for
      cytological examination and malignant cells were found in 17 aspirates. One
      further patient with mediastinal metastasis was revealed by mediastinoscopy. No
      complications followed the fine needle biopsy.

PMID- 4044318
TI  - [Hearing loss in childhood combined with abnormalities].
AB  - Hearing loss was diagnosed in 923 of 1712 children attending our paedaudiology
      outpatient department over a period of two years. 14% of patients with hearing
      loss had one or more associated malformations, affecting the musculoskeletal
      system, the heart, the eye and central nervous system. Metabolic disorders were
      also found. In addition to specific otologic procedures such as surgery and
      hearing aids a close cooperation with several specialists, in particular human
      geneticists, is necessary.

PMID- 4044319
TI  - Experience with vaginal delivery after prior cesarean birth in a community
      hospital.

PMID- 4044320
TI  - Thromboembolic disease in pregnancy: a prospective trial of intermittent heparin
      therapy during the antepartum period.

PMID- 4044321
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome in the postpartum period: report of a case.

PMID- 4044323
TI  - Pregnancy unaffected by pennyroyal usage.

PMID- 4044322
TI  - Premature ovarian failure.

PMID- 4044324
TI  - INCO needle paraurethral suspension for stress urinary incontinence.

PMID- 4044325
TI  - Improving physical fitness of coronary disease patients on beta-blocking therapy.

PMID- 4044326
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of the jejunum: report of a case and review of the literature.

PMID- 4044327
TI  - Clinical/biomechanic correlates for cervical function: Part I. A kinematic study.

PMID- 4044328
TI  - Pancreas divisum and carcinoma of the head of the pancreas in an anicteric
      patient: report of a case.

PMID- 4044329
TI  - Cefaclor serum sickness-like reactions: report of a case and review of the
      literature.

PMID- 4044330
TI  - Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia.

PMID- 4044331
TI  - Crises and crossroads in American health care.

PMID- 4044332
TI  - Dilantin-induced erythema multiforme major: report of a case with liver and
      kidney involvement.

PMID- 4044333
TI  - Posterior urethral valves: report of a case and review of the literature.

PMID- 4044334
TI  - Diagnostic techniques for congenital hip disease: reliability and interexaminer
      agreement.

PMID- 4044335
TI  - Scleredema: report of a case in an obese adolescent with "masklike" appearance.

PMID- 4044336
TI  - Metastatic neuroblastoma in a 16-month-old child.

PMID- 4044337
TI  - Radiotherapy alone in breast cancer. I. Analysis of tumor parameters, tumor dose
      and local control: the experience of the Gustave-Roussy Institute and the
      Princess Margaret Hospital.
AB  - This retrospective study involved 463 breast cancer patients treated by
      radiotherapy alone at the Princess Margaret Hospital and at the Institut Gustave
      Roussy. These patients either had operable tumors, but were unfit for general
      anesthesia, or had inoperable tumors due to local contraindications to surgery.
      Results were analyzed according to tumor response, local recurrence rate, tumor
      size, tumor fixation, nodal fixation and tumor dose. Conventional statistical
      analysis of local control showed two significant factors: tumor dose and tumor
      size. Multivariate analysis permitted to define an "individual risk" (IR) of
      local recurrence according to three independent factors: tumor size, tumor
      fixation, and nodal fixation. It was shown that the IR was a good prognostic
      factor for local control. Increase in tumor dose gave a similar effect in the
      local recurrence relative risk for all the IR groups. According to the slope of
      the dose-effect curve, it was deduced that a dose increase of 15 Gy can decrease
      the relative risk of local recurrence 2-fold. In fact, it was shown that tumor
      dose was the most significant independent factor on local control, able to
      produce up to a 10-fold increase compared to 2-fold decrease for tumor size. If
      the IR of local recurrence is known, a theoretical predictive value on local
      control, taking into account the tumor dose, can be determined according to the
      present data.

PMID- 4044338
TI  - Breast edema in patients treated conservatively for stage I and II breast cancer.
AB  - Breast edema was evaluated in 45 patients with Stage I or II breast cancer
      (including two with simultaneous, bilateral disease), who were treated by breast
      preserving treatment approaches. Multiple variable statistical analysis revealed
      that bra cup size was the only factor significantly related to the appearance of
      breast edema. Breast edema occurred in 3 of 20 breasts (15%) with bra cup size A
      or B, as compared to 13 of 27 breasts (48%) with bra cup size C, D or DD(p less
      than 0.03). Breast edema was more likely to occur in patients who underwent full
      axillary dissection as compared to those who underwent axillary sampling or no
      axillary surgery. This observation, however, was not statistically significant.
      Neither the radiation therapy parameters nor the use of adjuvant chemotherapy
      were found to be related to the development of breast edema. Breast edema appears
      to be a transient phenomenon observed most frequently in the first year after the
      end of irradiation. It was observed much less frequently in those patients
      evaluated over 1 year following the end of radiation therapy.

PMID- 4044339
TI  - Seminoma of the testis: a 22-year experience with radiation therapy.
AB  - An analysis is presented of 188 patients with a histological diagnosis of
      seminoma testis, treated by radical orchiectomy and radiation therapy between
      1960 and 1981 at the Cross Cancer Institute. Using the Walter Reed Hospital
      staging classification, 149 (79%) patients were Stage I, 34 (18%) were Stage II,
      and 5 (3%) were Stage III. The 5-year survival for all stages was 90%, and for
      Stage I was 98%, Stage II, 71%, and Stage III, 0%. All were treated primarily
      with radiation therapy. Prophylactic mediastinal radiation was not employed for
      Stage I, and was employed in half of Stage II patients. Eleven patients with
      Stage I relapsed, five in the mediastinum and/or neck nodes. Eight of 11 were
      cured with further treatment. Stage II patients were subdivided according to the
      presence or absence of a palpable abdominal mass. Palpable disease (Stage IIB)
      carried a poorer prognosis. Three of 20 patients without a palpable mass (Stage
      IIA) died of disease; there was an 82% five-year survival rate. Eight of 14 with
      a palpable mass (Stage IIB) were cured by radiotherapy; there was a 54% five-year
      survival rate. All five Stage III patients died within 1 year of diagnosis. Stage
      I and IIA seminoma is curable by radiation alone. Prophylactic mediastinal
      radiation is not indicated in either Stage I or IIA disease. Long term toxicity
      from radiation is not seen. Optimal treatment for Stage IIB disease is
      undetermined and new treatment regimens should be explored. Stage III disease
      requires primary chemotherapy.

PMID- 4044340
TI  - Iodine-125 implants for carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - One hundred-thirteen patients underwent Iodine-125 prostate implant and
      lymphadenectomy at Yale-New Haven Hospital from 1974 through 1980. The
      distribution by clinical stage was: 7 Stage A2, 86 Stage B, and 20 Stage C
      patients. Ninety-four patients had a negative lymphadenectomy (N-) and 19
      patients (17%) had metastatic disease in the pelvic lymph nodes (N+). The
      actuarial 5-year survival for all 113 patients was 87% (+/- 6%: 95% confidence
      limits). Sixty-five percent of our 113 patients are disease free (NED) from 2 to
      9 years following implant. Sixty-seven (N-) patients with clinical Stage B
      disease, whose tumors were either well differentiated or moderately well
      differentiated, have an actuarial 5-year NED survival of 84% (+/- 8%). Twenty (N
      ) patients with either clinical Stage C disease or poorly differentiated tumors
      have an actuarial 5-year NED survival of only 31% (+/- 20%). For the 19 (N+)
      patients, the actuarial 5-year NED survival is 38% (+/- 22%). Local tumor control
      was 85% for all Stage B patients and 75% for all Stage C patients. Only 10
      patients (9%) have developed long-term gastrointestinal or genitourinary
      complications following their implant. Iodine-125 implant appears to be a
      reasonable alternate form of therapy in highly selected groups of patients with
      carcinoma of the prostate.

PMID- 4044341
TI  - Radical irradiation and misonidazole in the treatment of advanced cervical
      carcinoma: results of a phase II trial.
AB  - Between February 1979 and January 1982, a Phase II study of misonidazole as a
      radiosensitizer was performed in 34 patients with advanced carcinoma of the
      uterine cervix. Twenty-nine patients were treated with conventional fractionated
      radiation and five patients with a twice daily fractionation schedule, 3 days a
      week. The total dose to the whole pelvis was 5000 cGy delivered in 5.5 weeks.
      Intracavitary curietherapy delivered an additional boost to the tumor.
      Misonidazole was given to all patients during external radiation and to 25
      patients during intracavitary treatment for a total dose of 11 to 14 g/m2. All
      patients were followed for at least 28 months after treatment with a median
      follow-up of 52 months. Misonidazole toxicity included peripheral neuropathy
      (18%) and central nervous system toxicity (3%). The 3-year survival rate is 74%
      and the 3-year disease-free survival is 57%. When compared to our historical
      group survival, 42 and 12% for Stage III and IV, respectively, our data suggest
      that there is a probable advantage from using misonidazole in advanced carcinoma
      of the cervix.

PMID- 4044342
TI  - A phase I-II trial of heavy charged particle irradiation of malignant glioma of
      the brain: a Northern California Oncology Group Study.
AB  - Thirty-nine patients with primary or recurrent glioma of the brain were
      irradiated wholely or in part with heavy charged particle beams at the University
      of California Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory in a Phase I-II clinical trial of the
      Northern California Oncology Group. During the course of this trial, treatment
      techniques have been developed and tumor doses have been escalated in order to
      obtain data on normal brain toxicity and response of malignant glioma of the
      brain. Toxicity has been acceptable with a low level of brain injury. Survival
      and tumor control has been approximately the same as historical results in glioma
      of the brain. Further dose escalation is planned together with possible trial of
      combined modality therapy.

PMID- 4044343
TI  - External beam pelvic radiotherapy plus intraperitoneal radioactive chronic
      phosphate in early stage ovarian cancer: a toxic combination. A National Cancer
      Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Report.
AB  - As part of a randomized trial evaluating several treatment programs in the
      management of poor prognosis, early stage ovarian cancer, 53 patients were
      randomized to receive a combination of pelvic external beam radiation, 4000 rad
      plus 10-20 millicuries of radioactive chromic phosphate given intraperitoneally.
      Only 35 patients (66%) actually received the chromic phosphate. The other 18 did
      not enter this phase of treatment for a variety of reasons documented in this
      report. Ten (29%) of the 35 patients receiving the full course of treatment had
      significant long term side effects with the median time to onset of symptom being
      9 months after the chronic phosphate was given. There were no treatment-related
      deaths. The complications could not be related to the dose of the isotope, the
      technique of administration, nor any other definable predisposing factors. This
      combination is not recommended for further study.

PMID- 4044344
TI  - Detection of S-phase overreplication following chronic hypoxia using a monoclonal
      anti-BrdUrd.
AB  - We have examined cytokinetic perturbations induced in Chinese hamster V-79 cells
      in vitro during and following exposure to chronic hypoxia employing simultaneous
      flow cytometric measurement of incorporated BrdUrd and DNA content. These data
      indicate hypoxia inhibited G1 progression into S-phase, but did not significantly
      delay G2M division and progression into G1. Also, upon reaeration after 20 hr in
      hypoxia, cells originally in G1 exhibited significant kinetic delay. BrdUrd
      pulse/chase and pulse/fix data indicated DNA replication was reduced, but not
      completely inhibited during hypoxia. Also, between 6 and 20 hr of chronic hypoxia
      and following reaeration, a subset of the original S-phase cells overreplicated
      their DNA, such that these cells had greater than 2C DNA content. This
      subpopulation was estimated on the average to comprise approximately 20% of the
      total population (30% of the treated S-phase subpopulation) by 24 hr following
      reaeration after 20 hr hypoxia. These results are discussed in light of the
      similarities between overreplication and gene amplification observed under
      certain conditions with other agents, which like chronic hypoxia, are used to
      transiently disrupt DNA synthesis.

PMID- 4044345
TI  - A pilot study to determine clinical tolerability of intensive combined modality
      therapy for locally unresectable gastric cancer.
AB  - Eighteen patients with unresectable carcinoma of the stomach whose known
      malignant disease was confined to structures immediately adjacent to the primary
      tumor and could be encompassed within a radiotherapy field were treated with an
      intensive sequential combined modality regimen. The regimen consisted of 5-FU
      plus adriamycin chemotherapy, followed by high dose megavoltage radiation therapy
      with 5-FU given as a radiation sensitizer, followed by maintenance chemotherapy
      with 5-FU plus adriamycin plus methyl CCNU (FAMe). Our primary objective was to
      determine patient tolerability. Severe and prolonged anorexia, nausea, and
      decreased performance status occurred during and after high dose radiotherapy
      given twice daily in 150-170 cGy (rad) fractions when given with 5-FU.
      Lengthening intervals between treatment segments, and the use of one daily dose
      of radiation therapy combined with 5-FU or two fractions daily without 5-FU
      seemed to decrease nutritional complications. Control of tumor at the primary
      site appeared to be achieved in most patients. Distant metastases represented the
      predominant mode of treatment failure with only two patients currently without
      progression of malignant disease. Our treatment regimen as initially conceived
      was too toxic for general use. Improved therapeutic results in locally
      unresectable gastric cancer will require the development of more effective
      therapy for occult distant metastases.

PMID- 4044346
TI  - A randomized study comparing two high-dose per fraction radiation schedules in
      recurrent or metastatic malignant melanoma.
AB  - Thirty-five tumors in 14 patients with metastatic or recurrent malignant melanoma
      were randomized to high dose per fraction radiotherapy at either 9 Gy X 3 or 5 Gy
      X 8 twice weekly. Complete and persistent regression was found in 24/35 (69%) and
      partial response in 10/35 of the tumors. The overall response rate was 97%. No
      difference was observed between the two treatment regimens. Acute and late
      radiation damage to normal tissue was acceptable and of the same magnitude in
      both schedules.

PMID- 4044347
TI  - Patient self-evaluation of cosmetic outcome of breast-preserving cancer
      treatment.
AB  - Thirty-two patients with Stage I or II breast cancer who had completed
      conservative breast-preserving treatment were asked to rate their cosmetic
      outcomes. Within this group, extent of the surgical excision of the breast tumor
      varied, with biopsy scars ranging from 2 to 19.5 cm. All patients had received
      external beam radiotherapy, with local boost doses in 17 cases. The average
      interval between self-evaluation and the completion of radiotherapy was 19
      months. Patients completed a questionnaire rating the appearance of the treated
      breast, the degree of difference between breasts and overall satisfaction with
      cosmesis. They were asked to describe differences between breasts and to make any
      additional comments. Appearance of the treated breast was rated good to excellent
      by 94%, although 88% noted a difference of slight to moderate degree between
      treated and untreated breasts. Overall, 78% of patients were very to extremely
      satisfied, while moderate satisfaction was reported by 19%. Reports of breast
      differences included reduced size of the treated breast (44%), increased firmness
      (31%), elevation (25%), and skin color changes (22%). Reasons for dissatisfaction
      included chronic breast pain in 3 patients, breast edema in one and arm edema in
      one. Two patients wanted the untreated breast reduced in size. Statistically
      significant inverse relationships were found between the length of the biopsy
      scar and patient ratings of both appearance of the treated breast and overall
      satisfaction. These results indicated that although most patients were satisfied
      with cosmetic results of breast-preserving treatments, they are quite
      discriminating in their evaluations of differences between breasts. Functional
      factors such as pain and edema had a negative impact on satisfaction with
      cosmesis.

PMID- 4044348
TI  - A non-looping afterloading technique for base of tongue implants: results in the
      first 20 patients.
AB  - The results of treatment in the first 20 patients treated by a non-looping
      afterloading technique for base of tongue implant are described. Ten patients had
      carcinoma recurrent in the base of tongue after previous treatment and they were
      treated by implant alone. The other 10 patients had previously untreated
      carcinoma of the base of tongue and they were treated with a combination of
      interstitial implant, external radiation therapy and surgery. The minimum follow
      up is 1 year and maximum 5 years. No local or regional failures have occurred in
      the previously untreated patients. No local failures have occurred in the
      previously treated patients who had lesions up to 4 cm in diameter, but three out
      of four patients with recurrent lesions larger than 4 cm have failed locally. Two
      patients developed necrosis related to the implant; the factors responsible for
      this are discussed.

PMID- 4044349
TI  - Accuracy of radiation field alignment in clinical practice.
AB  - We present an analysis of simulator and portal films of 71 patients. Twenty-five
      were analyzed retrospectively, 39 prospectively, but without changing routine
      filming practice, and 7 had daily portal films taken. Treatment-to-treatment
      variations in anatomy with respect to the field were determined by comparing
      sequential portal films. The standard deviation of the variations was
      approximately normally distributed with an average value of 3 mm independent of
      site and field shaping technique. Discrepancies between the portal and simulator
      films were greater and depended on the site of treatment. The mean worst-case
      discrepancy averaged over all sites was 7.7 mm; the lowest value was 3.5 mm in
      the head and neck region; the highest value was 9.2 mm in the thorax.

PMID- 4044350
TI  - Use of a personal computer and spreadsheet software for treatment machine time
      calculations.
AB  - The application of spreadsheet software to aid in the calculation of treatment
      times for both rectangular and irregular radiation fields is presented.
      Specifications for the use of the spreadsheet software are discussed. An
      implementation using spreadsheet software on a personal computer is described.

PMID- 4044351
TI  - Psychoanalytic language and moral values.

PMID- 4044352
TI  - Psychoanalytic observations on vulnerability to physical disease.
AB  - The psychological indicators discussed in this paper are not per se predictors of
      physical illness; yet they represent specific genetic-dynamic forces and occur
      too frequently to be coincidental and of no significance. Rather, they are
      warning cues to vulnerability to somatic illness and supplementary to the risk
      factors derived from physical data. The list of vulnerability cues includes
      exposure to stress. This is an alerting cue; past modes of reaction to stress in
      the form of physical patterns (but not conversion reactions); regressive shifts
      of defenses in the direction of resomatization; mounting aggression that is not
      directly verbalized; diminution of psychologically expressed guilt, though guilt
      would be expected and indeed becomes manifest in physical form; psychological
      versions of transference reactions replaced by expressions in body language;
      dreams in which stimuli from early physical dysfunction are recurrently part of
      the daily residue and give a somatic cast to current conflicts; identification
      with important objects that is increasingly expressed in somatic terms. These
      cues tend to be accompanied by a growing perception of, and preoccupation with,
      the body. The more such indicators are present and noted, the greater their
      usefulness in predicting physical illness.

PMID- 4044353
TI  - Notes on the pathogenesis and nosology of borderline and narcissistic personality
      disorders.

PMID- 4044354
TI  - A critique of Grunbaum on psychoanalysis.

PMID- 4044355
TI  - Female psychotherapists as portrayed in film, fiction and nonfiction.

PMID- 4044356
TI  - Folk psychiatry and psychoanalysis.

PMID- 4044357
TI  - The use of audiotapes in psychotherapy.

PMID- 4044358
TI  - Treatment of ego-dystonic homosexuality: individual and group psychotherapies.

PMID- 4044359
TI  - Evoked potential correlates of intelligence: some problems with Hendrickson's
      string measure of evoked potential complexity and error theory of intelligence.
AB  - The string measure of evoked potential (EP) complexity is based on a new error
      theory of intelligence, which differs from the older speed-based formulations
      which focus on EP latency rather than complexity. In this note we first raise a
      methodological problem of arbitrariness with respect to one version of the string
      measure. We then provide a comparative empirical assessment of EP-IQ correlations
      with respect to a revised string measure (which does not suffer from the
      methodological problem), a latency measure, and another measure of EP complexity:
      average voltage. This assessment indicates that the string measure, in
      particular, yields quite disorderly results, and that, in general, the results
      favor the speed over the error formulation.

PMID- 4044360
TI  - Brain potentials related to the beginning and to the termination of voluntary
      flexion and extension in man.
AB  - The presence of brain potentials related to the end of a sustained isometric
      contraction prompted this study. Potentials related to the beginning of simple
      ballistic flexion of the index finger were compared with isometric contraction,
      potentials related to the termination of the isometric contraction, and
      potentials related to ballistic extension of the reposed index finger. The
      electroencephalograms recorded in 10 healthy volunteers from scalp positions
      C3+2, Cz, C3-2 were averaged time-locked to the appropriate mechanograms. Both
      negativity preceding and positivity following execution of movement were better
      expressed with simple flexion movements. The negativities preceding all four
      types of movements were of comparable magnitude whilst the positivities differed
      significantly. These findings were considered as supporting the ideas of general
      facilitation preceding preparation for action and specific feedback information
      following execution, the changes being more prominent over postcentral leads. The
      existence of potentials related to the termination of voluntary sustained
      isometric contraction implied a separate command for antagonistic muscles.

PMID- 4044361
TI  - Evoked potential attenuation in the two-tone paradigm.
AB  - The recovery cycle and two variants of the habituation hypothesis invoked to
      explain the N1-P2 amplitude attenuation of evoked potentials (EPs) to the second
      tone in two-tone series, were investigated. Paired stimuli were presented with a
      constant 360 ms inter-stimulus interval (ISI), but with different, fixed inter
      pair intervals (IPIs) of 800, 1 000 and 1 200 ms in addition to a variable IPI
      averaging 1 000 ms. Amplitude reduction of the second tone EP was present for
      only the 1 000 and the 1 200 ms IPI series. These data contradict the specific
      predictions of all three hypotheses, although one prediction of the recovery
      cycle hypothesis was supported, stating that for a given relation of IPI to ISI
      the second tone attenuation effect disappears. To account for all findings in
      this experiment, an alternative explanation is advanced incorporating the concept
      of recovery cycle and involving the effects of rhythmic stimulation, whereby tone
      pairs are processed as units whose perceptual cohesiveness determines the
      distribution of response resources to each tone.

PMID- 4044362
TI  - Stimulus offset P3 and temporal resolution of uncertainty.
AB  - Stimulus offset evoked potentials were recorded to short (1 250 ms) and long (2
      500 ms) tones in the context of the odd-ball paradigm. In one condition, the
      short tone was presented frequently with a probability of 0.85 and the long tone
      with a probability of 0.15, and in a second condition, the probabilities of tone
      presentation were reversed. Offset P3s were obtained only to short and not to
      long rare tones, indicating that resolution of uncertainty rather than stimulus
      probability or task relevance is responsible for eliciting this late positive
      component in the context of this experiment.

PMID- 4044363
TI  - EEG correlates of emotional tasks related to attentional demands.
AB  - This research brings together two separate areas: that of EEG processes
      associated with positive and negatively valenced emotional material; and that of
      traditional psychophysiological research related to the "intake" and "rejection"
      of environmental stimuli. Forty males on each of two days were presented with
      tasks reflecting both attentional demands and affectual processing. Heart rate
      and bilateral EEG measures from frontal, parietal and temporal sites were
      recorded. Using a FFT (fast Fourier transform) electrocortical activity in the 2
      7 Hz, 8-15 Hz, and 16-24 Hz was determined and analyzed. The results suggest
      emotional valence (i.e. positive and negative) and attentional demands (i.e.
      intake vs rejection) are differentially represented in terms of EEG functioning.
      An interaction of attentional demand with hemisphere was found for EEG alpha
      activity in the temporal and parietal areas. For emotional valence there was a
      significant main effect for EEG beta activity in both the temporal and parietal
      areas. Differential hemispheric activity was found using a factor analytic
      technique (PARAFAC) with positively valenced tasks being associated with right
      temporal beta. Heart rate changes for the attentional dimension were consistent
      with previous research.

PMID- 4044364
TI  - EEG activity during cognitive processing: influence of attentional factors.
AB  - The research draws upon two separate areas of inquiry: that of lateralized
      electrocorical processing of cognitive material; and that of psychophysiological
      information processing studies related to foci of attentional demands. Eighteen
      subjects on each of three separate days were presented with tasks considered to
      be 'right hemispheric' or 'left hemispheric'. These tasks were paired in a 2 X 2
      design with an attentional factor requiring attention to the environment or to
      internal processing. All subjects received all types of tasks. Bilateral EEG
      measures were taken from the frontal and parietal areas referenced to linked
      ears. Major frequency bands were determined by a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and
      appropriate ANOVAs performed. The results suggest that task factors (left vs
      right hemisphere tasks) and attentional demands (internal vs external) are
      differentially represented in terms of EEG functioning. In general the higher
      beta frequencies were more sensitive to the hemispheric tasks demands and the
      middle frequencies (alpha and low beta) more sensitive to the attentional demands
      especially in the parietal areas.

PMID- 4044365
TI  - Individual differences in visual event-related potentials: P300 cognitive
      augmenting/reducing parallels N100 sensory augmenting/reducing.
AB  - In a visual event-related potential experiment, both N100 augmenting/reducing
      data and oddball paradigm P300 data were collected from the same subjects. A
      significant correlation was obtained between augmenting/reducing and the degree
      to which stimulus probability affected P300 amplitude. Subjects who
      augment/reduce in response to increased stimulus brightness in the sensory domain
      also appear to augment/reduce in response to low probability in the cognitive
      domain.

PMID- 4044366
TI  - The perception of Necker cube reversal interacts with the Bereitschaftspotential.
AB  - Subjects observed a reversible figure (Necker cube), and were asked to switch a
      lever about twice a minute. The direction of the lever switch indicated whether a
      reversal of the Necker cube was just experienced or not experienced. The
      Bereitschaftspotential (BP, readiness potential) turned out to be smaller in
      amplitude but earlier in onset prior to the reversal, especially over fronto
      central regions. During another condition a tonic background stimulation
      (achieved by a radio-play) was introduced. Distraction reduced the BP, mainly
      when no reversal was reported. The results suggest a dependency of pre-movement
      potentials from non-motoric, psychological variables.

PMID- 4044367
TI  - Heart beat interoception: a study of individual differences.
AB  - There were two principal aims of the study: to carry out preliminary evaluation
      of a novel heartbeat tracking technique for objectively measuring cardiac
      interoception; and to determine whether good and poor heartbeat perceivers could
      be differentiated with respect to other parameters reflecting individual
      differences in emotionality, including gender and 'emotional character'. Subjects
      first completed a battery of self-report questionnaires designed to measure
      characteristics of emotional experience, and then underwent a series of heartbeat
      tracking trials in which they used the index finger to tap in synchrony with
      their ongoing heartbeat activity (interoceptive tracking) and also with an
      audiotape of pre-recorded heartbeat sounds (exteroceptive tracking). The
      perceptual index was based on the variability of beat to tap latency. Concurrent
      validity findings suggested that the tracking index reflects a promising measure
      of cardiac interoceptive acuity. Good perceivers were found to have higher heart
      rate measures than poor perceivers. With regard to 'emotional character' good
      perceivers had higher state anxiety, and were less emotionally expressive,
      although these differences were only marginally significant (P less than 0.08)
      with multivariate testing. Applications of the heartbeat tracking technique for
      further empirical evaluation of the role of interoception in emotion are
      discussed.

PMID- 4044368
TI  - The effect of noise interference, type of cognitive stressor, and order of task
      on cardiovascular activity.
AB  - In the search for reliable, easily applicable mental stressors many researchers
      have investigated the propensity of mental arithmetic and Stroop color
      discrimination tasks to elicit a physiological stress response; some researchers
      have added noise interference with the expectation of larger response magnitudes.
      The present study investigates a number of previously untested questions by
      directly comparing cardiovascular responses to mental arithmetic or the Stroop
      task with and without noise interference in a sample of 66 young adults. Half of
      all subjects were exposed to the additional noise interference, all subjects
      responded to both types of mental stressors. Blood pressure responses did not
      discriminate among the stressors but noise interference consistently augmented
      heart rate responses during mental arithmetic. Response to the second, repeated
      stressor was associated with highly significant response habituation effects for
      blood pressure. Furthermore, when mental arithmetic was presented first, both
      tasks elicited comparable and large responses; when the Stroop test was presented
      first both tasks triggered smaller responses but of comparable magnitude.
      Subjective evaluations of the stressors were not predictive of overall
      physiological response.

PMID- 4044369
TI  - Left-right differences in the Hoffmann reflex recovery curve associated with
      handedness in normal subjects.
AB  - The relation between handedness and the Hoffmann (H) reflex recovery curve was
      studied in normal subjects. In right handers, the H response recovery curve from
      the right leg was significantly lower than that from the left leg. The opposite
      finding was obtained from the left handers. In mixed handers (ambidexters), there
      was no significant difference between the recovery curves from the right and left
      legs. It was concluded that there is a close relationship between handedness and
      the height of the H response recovery curves from the right and left sides.

PMID- 4044370
TI  - Iron status of adolescent female athletes.
AB  - To determine whether or not adolescent female athletes were more in need of
      routine dietary iron supplements than their nonathlete peers, the iron status of
      32 athletes and 31 nonathletes was assessed. The athletes were track-team members
      in the middle of their season. Hemoglobin, transferrin saturation, and serum
      ferritin were evaluated, as well as the amount of dietary iron intake. Athletes
      had significantly lower serum ferritin levels and transferrin saturation (less
      than 16%) than did nonathletes. Black girls were significantly lower than whites
      on all three values. There were also a greater number of black girls deficient in
      serum ferritin. We conclude that athletes may be at greater risk for iron
      deficiency and, therefore, for iron deficiency anemia; and black adolescents may
      have an increased prevalence of iron deficiency, with black female athletes being
      at potentially greater risk for iron deficiency and its possible consequences. We
      recommend a more sensitive assessment of iron status in female athletes.

PMID- 4044371
TI  - Breast masses in adolescent females.
AB  - Conservative management of breast masses in adolescents is generally advocated in
      consideration of the low incidence of breast cancer. A retrospective chart review
      of 130 female patients seen in a general adolescent clinic over a two-year period
      was performed. The mean age was 17.5 years (range 12-21). One hundred and seven
      (88% of available data) had self-discovered lesions. Fibrocystic disease was
      clinically diagnosed in 66 (51%) patients, while 19 (15%) had fibroadenomas and
      17 (13%) had a normal breast examination. Of the remaining patients, six (5%) had
      mastalgia, five (4%) had mastitis/abscess, three (2%) has asymmetry, three (2%)
      had hypertrophy, two (1%) had breast changes of early pregnancy, two (1%) had
      hematoma, one (1%) had axillary lymphadenopathy, and six (5%) had unknown.
      Excisional biopsy was performed on eleven patients; it revealed fibroadenoma in
      eight, and one each had a hematoma, granular cell myoblastoma, and breast
      abscess. Improvement or complete resolution of breast masses was documented in 31
      (47%) of the patients with fibrocystic disease.

PMID- 4044372
TI  - Cognitive abilities of adolescent Turner's syndrome patients.
AB  - The association of deficits in spatial abilities and lower Performance IQ (PIQ)
      scores in Turner's Syndrome Patients (TSPs) has been studied since 1962.
      Conflicting results have been reported with regard to the nature of their spatial
      ability deficits. This study examines the nature of the cognitive and spatial
      abilities in TSPS of normal intelligence. A neuropsychological battery of
      standardized tests was administered over a two-month period to 14 TSPs, aged 13
      19 years. These patients had been served medically in the Pediatric Endocrinology
      Unit, University of Michigan Medical Center, since childhood. Patient scores were
      compared to the test battery's standardized norms by univariate t-tests. No
      differences were found in the Wechsler subtest scores previously used to measure
      spatial abilities (Block Design, Object Assembly, WISC-R). TSPs excelled in
      verbal abstract reasoning and verbal comprehension (p less than 0.01) and
      demonstrated superior social judgment (p less than 0.05). Pairwise t-tests did
      not reveal differences in these spatial measures when the sample was divided into
      Bright (110+) and Average (109-80) Verbal IQ (VIQ) groups. Although their PIQs
      were within the average range, the TSPs VIQs were significantly higher (p less
      than 0.01). Verbal-performance (V-P) differences are discussed in the context of
      normal V-P discrepancies in Wechsler's original standardized sample. Patients did
      have a significant (p less than 0.01) impairment on measures that involved the
      cognitive process of visual memory. Findings suggest that a specific spatial
      deficit is not present in TSPs who have average or above intelligence. Patients
      in this sample did, however, demonstrate an impairment in visual memory.

PMID- 4044374
TI  - Sexual victimization of boys. Experience at an adolescent medicine clinic.
AB  - Most information pertaining to male child sexual abuse victims is derived from
      cases presenting to the criminal-justice system, the mental-health system,
      hospital emergency rooms, and retrospective studies of college populations, all
      of which may be biased samples. This paper reports a six-year experience in an
      adolescent medicine clinic in which all medical interviews of adolescent males
      included questions about sexual molestation. Forty adolescent males reported
      sexual victimization during their preadolescent years. This study group of 40 was
      compared with a randomly selected age-matched group whose responses were negative
      to the same questions. None of the study group had previously been identified by
      medical or legal systems as having been molested. Twenty-five percent of the
      victimized males reported sexual dysfunction compared to 5% of the nonvictimized
      males, and 60% stated that the sexual abuse had a significant impact on their
      lives. Consequently, we conclude that questions about sexual molestation should
      be included as part of routine histories in adolescent clinics.

PMID- 4044373
TI  - The adolescent ballet dancer. Nutritional practices and characteristics
      associated with anorexia nervosa.
AB  - A questionnaire was administered to 45 female ballet dancers aged 12-21 years and
      44 nonathletic female subjects aged 14-16 years. Dietary practices and nutrition
      beliefs of the dancers were assessed, and a comparison was made of the prevalence
      of anorexia nervosa characteristics among the two groups. Ballet dancers reported
      characteristics of anorexia nervosa significantly more often than did controls.
      Characteristics used to differentiate between the groups were underweight (p less
      than 0.05), distorted body image (p less than 0.005), amenorrhea (p less than
      0.02), and binge eating (p less than 0.005). Nutrition practices and beliefs
      among adolescent ballet dancers included frequent use of weight reduction
      strategies such as fasting, binging, and selective food restriction. Supplements
      were used by 60% of the dancers, primarily a multivitamin or vitamin C
      supplement. Fluids or carbohydrates wer not viewed as an important aid to
      performance by the majority of dancers. This study indicates the need for
      improved education for ballet dancers, coaches, trainers, and parents, including
      information on nutrition needs and the management of behaviors associated with
      anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 4044375
TI  - Teenagers, physicians, and the law in New England.
AB  - Physicians who treat teenagers are often unclear about the teenagers' legal
      rights and their own legal responsibility and liability. While laws may vary from
      state to state, certain doctrines are uniformly applicable: confidentiality,
      emergency treatment, and the right of the "mature minor" to consent to his or her
      own medical treatment. In this article, the laws pertaining to adolescent health
      care in the six New England states are reviewed. Guidelines for practitioners are
      given.

PMID- 4044376
TI  - Menarche: target age for reinforcing sex education for adolescents.
AB  - Teenage sexual activity has led to an increasing prevalence of pregnancy and
      sexually transmitted disease in this age group. Attempts at prevention should
      begin with education. This study compares the ages of menarche with ages of first
      intercourse among adolescent females in 1971 and 1976, stratified by ethnic group
      and residence (urban versus rural). Findings demonstrated that an earlier age at
      menarche is consistently associated with earlier intercourse. Menarche should
      therefore be used as a target age for reinforcing and expanding adolescent
      females' knowledge of risks associated with sexual intercourse.

PMID- 4044377
TI  - Primary care of adolescents. Issues in program development and implementation.
AB  - Recent reviews of adolescent primary care urge the development of a dynamic
      program evaluation strategy. An action research evaluation model that combines
      service, training, and research to foster the development and implementation of
      primary care services is presented. The strategy includes description of patient
      populations, determination of patient health care needs, specification of service
      objectives, assessment of health care resources, and evaluation of service
      procedures and outcomes. Elements of the action research strategy are applied to
      evaluate two current issues in adolescent primary care: family-oriented versus
      adolescent-limited services and "new morbidity".

PMID- 4044379
TI  - An approach to the management of sexual dysfunction in the adolescent male.
AB  - Sexual dysfunction in the adolescent male appears to be increasing. Erectile
      dysfunction (impotence) and premature ejaculation are the most common.
      Illustrated by three cases, a review of the prominent causes of sexual
      dysfunction is provided along with a discussion of an approach to adequate sexual
      history taking, physical evaluation, and treatment.

PMID- 4044378
TI  - Concomitant psychological and cardiac improvement during successful treatment of
      anorexia nervosa.
AB  - A patient with anorexia nervosa in whom concurrent nutritional, psychological,
      and cardiovascular assessments were obtained sequentially during successful
      treatment is presented. At the time of diagnosis, severe multisystem dysfunction
      was present including depression, low self-esteem, hypotension, bradycardia,
      exercise intolerance, and abnormalities of systolic and diastolic cardiac
      function. Treatment resulted in weight gain and increased skinfold thickness and
      arm circumference. There were concomitant improvements in the psychometric
      indices of depression and self-esteem as well as decreased anorectic tendencies.
      During her recovery, working capacity increased and diastolic function improved.
      However, echocardiographic evidence of impaired systolic function persisted.
      Despite the apparent treatment success in this patient, this report suggests a
      potential need for further studies to determine the extent, if any, of long-term
      cardiac sequelae.

PMID- 4044380
TI  - Orthostatic proteinuria and milk ingestion.
AB  - An adolescent, contemplating a military career, was found to have orthostatic
      proteinuria. A thorough evaluation failed to reveal any renal abnormalities. He
      was tested on a milk-free diet at the request of the parents. The proteinuria
      cleared, but recurred on an initial open challenge; it did not recur subsequently
      on a blinded challenge. This experience suggests that patients with orthostatic
      proteinuria should be evaluated with an elimination diet trial.

PMID- 4044381
TI  - Psychogenic polydipsia in a patient with anorexia nervosa.
AB  - This report describes the first reported case of compulsive water drinking (CWD)
      in an adolescent with anorexia nervosa (AN). The CWD appears to be a bulimic
      behavior with potentially serious medical complications. The concurrence of AN
      and CWD suggests possible hypothalamic dysfunction of food and water regulation.

PMID- 4044382
TI  - Diagnosis and surgical management of phacoanaphylactic uveitis following
      extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation.
AB  - One year after a successful extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior
      chamber lens implantation of a Cilco Kratz modified J-loop lens, the patient, a
      79-year-old white female, developed a severe granulomatous uveitis unresponsive
      to topical or systemic steroid therapy. All usual uveitis tests were negative,
      and no evidence of masquerade-syndrome-type uveitis was found. The possibility of
      lens-induced uveitis was considered. A B-scan ultrasound revealed high density
      echoes in the superotemporal portion of the capsular bag, and an operative
      procedure consisting of a sector iridectomy, removal of the implant, removal of
      white cortical material in the capsular bag as well as residual lens capsule, and
      an anterior vitrectomy was done. Pathologic examination of the specimens revealed
      lens material engulfed by large macrophages, foam cells, and plasma cells. The
      patient's uveitis rapidly subsided. She is now off all medication and has normal
      aphakic vision. The differential diagnosis, surgical management, and implications
      of this problem are discussed.

PMID- 4044383
TI  - Knife versus neodymium:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy: a one-year follow-up.
AB  - To study the effectiveness of the neodymium:YAG laser for secondary posterior
      capsulotomy, 100 limbal needle-knife discissions were compared to 100 YAG
      discissions. After a one-year follow-up, the "post-knife" and "post-YAG" visual
      acuities were compared to (1) the prediscission vision, and (2) the best vision
      achieved following cataract surgery prior to posterior capsule opacification.
      Additional comparisons rated the relative "success" of the two procedures in
      producing improved visual acuity. When compared to best post-cataract vision, the
      results at one year showed knife discission to be a success in 94.6% of all
      cases; the YAG, in 80% of all cases. When patients with preexisting pathology
      were eliminated from the comparison (there was a higher percentage of preexisting
      pathology in the YAG group), the knife discissions were successful in 98.5% of
      the cases, the YAG in 84.6%. The patients in the knife group also recovered their
      best visual acuity more promptly and completely than did those in the YAG group
      and had a lower incidence of complications.

PMID- 4044384
TI  - Current concepts in posterior chamber lens technology.
AB  - Although extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens technology
      is of unrivaled safety and efficacy, the following aspects command considerable
      attention: chronic postoperative inflammation, inhibition of posterior capsular
      opacification, facilitation of YAG-laser posterior capsulectomy, prevention of
      ultraviolet radiation exposure, and sulcus versus capsular-bag fixation of
      posterior chamber lenses. The differential diagnosis of lens-induced and
      intraocular-lens-induced inflammation is presented, along with recommendations
      for the treatment and management of the second eye. Use of the complete laser
      ridge lens to create a barrier for migrating cells capable of causing posterior
      capsular opacification is discussed. Using it to create a space between the
      posterior surface of the optic and the posterior capsule to facilitate YAG-laser
      posterior capsulectomy is also described. The status of ultraviolet blockers in
      intraocular lenses is discussed. The transition to capsular-bag fixation is
      recommended based on the following problems with sulcus-fixated lenses:
      mechanical disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier with release of inflammatory
      mediators, hemorrhage from or obstruction in the major arterial circle, the
      danger of polypropylene in metabolically active tissue, and the posterior iris
      chafing syndromes.

PMID- 4044385
TI  - Endothelial cell loss in four types of intraocular lens implant procedures.
AB  - Corneal endothelial cell loss is compared in four types of cataract procedures
      with intraocular lens implants performed by the authors. A total of 110
      intracapsular cataract extractions, 182 extracapsular cataract extractions and
      107 phacoemulsifications, divided into 47 anterior chamber emulsifications and 60
      posterior chamber emulsifications (all with intraocular lens implants) are
      compared. A significant feature of these procedures is the incidence of
      endothelial cell loss greater than 1,200 cells/mm2. This occurred in 1% of the
      intracapsular cataract extractions, 4% of the planned extracapsular cataract
      extractions, 13% of the posterior chamber phacoemulsifications, and 17% of the
      anterior chamber phacoemulsifications. Pachymetry is a poor method for judging
      operative corneal endothelial trauma. Based upon the results of this study, it
      remains to be seen whether the advantages of phacoemulsification mitigate against
      the increased incidence of significant endothelial cell loss.

PMID- 4044386
TI  - Effect of incision size and Terry keratometer usage on postoperative astigmatism.
AB  - The efficacy of the Terry quantitative surgical keratometer in minimizing early
      postoperative astigmatism was evaluated in a retrospective study. Intraoperative
      use of the Terry keratometer reduced the keratometric corneal astigmatism in the
      early postoperative period for the 6.5-mm chord length phacoemulsification-lens
      implant incision as well as for the 10.0-mm to 11.0-mm chord length planned
      extracapsular cataract extraction-lens implant incision. In addition, the 6.5-mm
      chord length incision yielded a significant reduction in early postoperative
      astigmatism when compared to the 10.0-mm to 11.0-mm chord length incision.
      Furthermore, there was a reduction in the number of patients who required suture
      cutting in the keratometer group. The Terry quantitative surgical keratometer is
      a useful tool for reducing early postoperative surgical astigmatism and decreases
      the number of patients who require suture cutting.

PMID- 4044387
TI  - Corneal astigmatism induced by oversized rigid anterior chamber implants.
AB  - Postoperative corneal astigmatism induced by implantation of an oversized rigid
      anterior chamber intraocular lens has been studied. Sources of error leading to
      the choice of an oversized lens as well as the mechanism by which an oversized
      lens induces corneal astigmatism are discussed.

PMID- 4044388
TI  - Conflict of interest policy.

PMID- 4044389
TI  - Removing the Stableflex lens.

PMID- 4044390
TI  - Fungal contamination of balanced salt solution.
AB  - A fungal organism, identified as Ulocladium, was isolated from an unopened 15 ml
      bottle of balanced salt solution. The authors note the importance of visually
      inspecting solutions used in ophthalmic surgery.

PMID- 4044391
TI  - Recent advance in intracapsular phacoemulsification and complete in-the-bag
      intraocular lens implantation.
AB  - We have modified our technique of subcapsular phacoemulsification and aspiration
      in two ways: (1) Intracapsular phacoemulsification is performed without an
      anterior capsulotomy. Because the inner wall of the anterior capsule can be
      cleaned completely by the irrigation/aspiration tip through a small opening in
      the anterior lens capsule, the clean capsular bag is retained. (2) An intraocular
      lens (IOL) is inserted completely into the bag. If desired, the central part of
      the anterior capsule can be removed before or after IOL implantation. We propose
      changing the name of this technique to intracapsular phacoemulsification and
      aspiration and complete in-the-bag IOL fixation.

PMID- 4044392
TI  - Modification of the Kratz incision with a scleral marking and a temporary silk
      suture for astigmatic control.
AB  - A simple modification of the Kratz incision technique provided better astigmatism
      control in the immediate postoperative period without use of the surgical
      keratometer than the original technique.

PMID- 4044393
TI  - New coaxial system for manual extracapsular cataract surgery.
AB  - A partially disposable coaxial system for manual extracapsular extraction is
      presented. This system provides for straight and curved irrigation/aspiration
      cannulas by means of a flexible outer sleeve. The elimination of a variety of
      connector tubings and nonluer-locked fittings has reduced intraoperative
      manipulations when compared to other partially disposable irrigation/aspiration
      systems.

PMID- 4044394
TI  - An aid to patient protection and early action in cases of contaminated surgical
      solutions.

PMID- 4044395
TI  - A new iris retractor for the six-o'clock position.

PMID- 4044397
TI  - What are your contraindications for implanting an intraocular lens?

PMID- 4044396
TI  - New single-use Honan balloon.

PMID- 4044398
TI  - Faculty development in allied health: state of the art.
AB  - This paper describes what is currently happening in the broad area of faculty
      development in allied health institutions. A comprehensive survey instrument was
      administered to a sample of two- and four-year colleges and
      university/professional institutions to determine the "state-of-the-art" of
      faculty development in allied health. This paper reports those findings and
      relates some of them to a previous comprehensive national study done by John
      Centra through the Educational Testing Service in 1976.

PMID- 4044399
TI  - Administrative behaviors in allied health.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to explore the applicability of current
      industrially oriented management techniques to allied health personnel in both
      academic and patient care settings. Medical technology, nursing, occupational
      therapy, and physical therapy faculty and practitioners at five universities, two
      community colleges, and five hospitals were surveyed to determine both their
      preferred and actual administrative behaviors perceived over ten administrative
      functions. The results revealed a significant difference between the preferred
      administrative behaviors and those perceived, as well as discrepancies between
      preferences and current management techniques and concepts.

PMID- 4044400
TI  - The influence of technology on the future of allied health professionals.
AB  - Technology has been a major factor in the creation of allied health disciplines
      and continues to shape the future of the field. Predictions are made about the
      effects of technology in allied health. Suggestions are offered to allied health
      practitioners and educators for taking an active role in directing the future of
      the field.

PMID- 4044401
TI  - Successful components of interdisciplinary education.
AB  - Although interdisciplinary education of health care professionals for more
      effective health care provision has been widely recommended, barriers such as
      specialization and lack of recognition and support for interdisciplinary teaching
      remain. This paper presents ten ideas for developing successful interdisciplinary
      curricula as suggested in the allied health literature. Implementation of the
      ideas is illustrated by examples from a clinical geriatric course involving
      physical therapy, physician assistant, nurse practitioner, and medical students.

PMID- 4044402
TI  - The quality of working life for allied health professionals in an HMO.
AB  - Two hundred seventy-six allied health professionals were surveyed about their
      levels of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and job tension in order
      to assess the quality of working life in a large west coast health maintenance
      organization. The results suggest that this HMO contributed slightly to these
      allied health professionals' level of job satisfaction and organizational
      commitment. Job tension did not appear to be excessive in the HMO. Personal
      characteristics and facts relating to an allied health professional's environment
      did not surface as major predictors of the quality of working life for this
      sample. The implications of these findings for allied health professionals and
      HMOs are presented.

PMID- 4044403
TI  - Reasons for patient referral to occupational therapy units by health care
      professionals.
AB  - This study sought to discover the main reasons four professional groups-
      physicians, nurses, physical therapists, and mental health professionals-
      referred patients to occupational therapy services. A total of 162 subjects
      completed a specially devised questionnaire listing various reasons for referral.
      Seven factors were uncovered representing reasons for referring patients.
      Significant differences were found among professional groups and among the type
      of institutional settings--psychiatric, geriatric, or physical care.
      Interpretation of the results revealed one main motivation for referring patients
      to occupational therapists involving the contributions in the psychological
      aspects of patient care. Another major motivation for referral was the medical
      contributions of occupational therapy in improving physical functions. Physical
      therapists differed considerably from the three other professional groups,
      tending to place greater emphasis on referral motives related to the latter
      approach.

PMID- 4044404
TI  - Screening for new antifolates of microbial origin and a new antifolate AM-8402.
AB  - A screening method was established for new specific inhibitors of folate
      metabolism. Culture broths of soil isolates were selected based on relative
      microbial activity. A culture, to be retained, must be active against
      Enterococcus faecium grown in a medium which contains a limited amount of pteroic
      acid but lacks activity against the microorganism grown in a medium supplemented
      with thymidine. By this screening method, three new antibiotics, diazaquinomycins
      A and B and AM-8402 were selected from eight thousand soil isolates. The
      isolation and structures of diazaquinomycins have been reported. AM-8402 is a new
      antifolate active against Gram-positive bacteria and mycoplasmas. It consists of
      a nanaomycin D moiety as chromophore and a deoxysugar and is structurally related
      to medermycin.

PMID- 4044405
TI  - Largomycin FII chromophore component 4, a new pluramycin antibiotic.
AB  - The chromophore of the antitumor chromoprotein largomycin FII is a mixture of
      components belonging to the pluramycin class of antitumor antibiotics. Against
      most organisms tested, component 4 exhibited activity equal to or greater than
      the major chromophore components pluramycin A and deacetylpluramycin A. Data
      obtained from UV, IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and from fast atom bombardment mass
      spectrometry were used to determine the structure of component 4 as
      epoxykidamycin, a new member of the pluramycin class.

PMID- 4044406
TI  - Synthesis and in vitro activity of some methylenomycin analogs.
AB  - A cationic cyclopentannelation reaction has afforded a very simple route to a
      wide variety of methylenomycin analogs. The antibacterial activity of these
      readily accessible synthetic compounds parallels that of naturally occurring
      methylenomycin A. The in vitro antitumor activity of the synthetics assayed using
      human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (KB) cells is particularly promising.

PMID- 4044407
TI  - Studies on beta-lactam antibiotics VIII. Structure-activity relationships of 7
      beta-[(Z)-2-carboxymethoxyimino-2-arylacetamido]-3-cephem- 4-carboxylic acids.
AB  - The synthesis, antimicrobial activity and oral absorptivity of 7 beta-[(Z)-2
      carboxymethoxyimino-2-arylacetamido]-3-cephem-4- carboxylic acids are described.
      The [(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-carboxymethoxyimino]acetyl group was selected
      as the most suitable 7-substituent from seven 7-acyl groups for our further
      investigation of orally active cephalosporins.

PMID- 4044408
TI  - Mechanism of renal excretion of FK027 in dogs and rabbits.
AB  - The mechanism of renal excretion of FK027, a new oral cephalosporin, was
      investigated in dogs and rabbits. In dogs, FK027 was mainly cleared by glomerular
      filtration, and approximately 50% of the filtered drug was reabsorbed through the
      proximal tubules. This tubular reabsorption and a high binding ratio to serum
      protein lead to the exceptionally long serum half-life of the drug. The facts
      that the clearance ratio of FK027 declined slightly from 58.0 to 49.2% by the
      addition of probenecid, and that the effect of probenecid was less marked in the
      stop-flow study, along with no significant change in serum half-life, may account
      for the scarcely detectable secretion from the renal tubules. In rabbits, the
      addition of probenecid caused a decrease of the clearance ratio of FK027,
      disappearance of FK027 peak in the stop-flow study, and extended the serum half
      life. These facts are evidence that FK027 is excreted by both tubular secretion
      and glomerular filtration in rabbits.

PMID- 4044409
TI  - Differanisole A, a new differentiation inducing substance.

PMID- 4044410
TI  - Studies on mycotrienin antibiotics, a novel class of ansamycins. V. Isolation and
      structure determination of novel mycotrienin congeners.

PMID- 4044411
TI  - Occurrence of 1,2,4-triazole ring in actinomycetes.

PMID- 4044412
TI  - Antiviral activities of pentalenolactones.

PMID- 4044413
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a new aristeromycin analog.
AB  - The chemical structure of aristeromycin M, a new carbocyclic nucleoside, was
      elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and chemical transformation from
      aristeromycin.

PMID- 4044414
TI  - Progressive ototoxicity of neomycin monitored using derived brainstem response
      audiometry.
AB  - Progressive hearing loss following the systemic administration of neomycin was
      investigated using derived brainstem response audiometry. Cats were given three
      to five times the maximum recommended clinical dose of neomycin over a period of
      10 days. Their hearing was monitored prior to and during the administration of
      the drug, and periodically following its completion. The results of this study
      showed that the induced hearing loss generally proceeded from high to low
      frequencies as an advancing lesion, with regions apical to the lesion functioning
      normally. Although considerable variability in response to the drug existed among
      animals, the evoked responses from both ears of each animal showed close
      bilateral symmetry during the deafening process. Furthermore, the present results
      highlight the long-term ongoing ototoxicity associated with neomycin, and the
      importance of monitoring high frequencies for initial signs of an aminoglycoside
      induced hearing loss.

PMID- 4044415
TI  - Qualitative and quantitative observations of spiral ganglion development in the
      rat.
AB  - The postnatal development of the spiral ganglion cells in the rat was studied
      from birth until the adult stage. At birth, a single population of ganglion cells
      is present. Some of them are surrounded by one or two layers of satellite cell
      processes. With maturation, the satellite cell processes increase in number
      around the cell body and its processes. At the end of the first postnatal week,
      two important events occur. The first is the appearance of myelin lamellae
      between the 4th and the 6th postnatal day in both ganglion cell processes, and
      between the 6th and the 8th day in the cell body. The second event is the
      appearance of a new type of cell (the Type II spiral ganglion cell) on the 6th to
      the 8th day postpartum. At this stage, the Type II cell is mainly characterized
      by densely packed neurofilamentous structures in the cytoplasm. Comparison
      between the myelination of the cell body and its processes reveals three main
      differences! There is a time lag of approximately 2 days between the onset of
      myelination in the cell body and in its processes. The kinetics of myelination
      are different in the cell processes and in the cell body. The myelination of the
      cell body starts slowly, whereas it is very fast in the processes. Later, the
      kinetics of myelination decrease in the processes, and increase in the cell body.
      At all stages including the adult, the fibers have a myelin sheath composed of
      more lamellae than the cell body. These observations are discussed with respect
      to development in other species.

PMID- 4044416
TI  - Origins of eighth nerve unit response pattern in round window cap recordings.
AB  - An experimental technique based on a combined electrical and acoustical
      stimulation of the cochlea (R. Charlet de Sauvage et al., 1983, J. Acoust. Soc.
      Am. 73, 616-627) allowing to record a close estimation of single unit
      contribution to the VIIIth nerve CAP has been recently proposed. D.C. Teas et
      al.'s (1962, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 24, 1431-1459) theory about this pattern is
      that, due to conduction time in the internal auditory meatus, the propagated
      depolarisation partly differentiates in far-field recordings, giving rise to a
      specifically diphasic pattern. In order to evaluate Teas's hypothesis, 83 unit
      waveforms collected in 10 guinea pigs are analysed. Several reproducible peaks
      are identified. Latency and slope measurements are performed on these peaks. This
      data is processed, after identifying two homologous components which could
      combine in accordance with Teas's theory. The schematic pattern of a primary
      waveform is actually determined. Its relative amplitude on the two electrodes and
      the delay in the meatus are inferred. Results are in good agreement with
      published data. This is taken as an indirect validation of Teas's hypothesis.

PMID- 4044417
TI  - A possible site of production of the negative endocochlear DC potential.
AB  - The scala vestibuli or the scala tympani of guinea pigs was perfused with
      artificial perilymph containing 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mM of potassium
      chloride in a total concentration of 150 mM with the background composed of
      sodium chloride. With the perfusion of the scala vestibuli, each concentration
      failed to alter the magnitude of the negative endocochlear DC potential produced
      by anoxia or the intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg of body weight of furosemide.
      With the perfusion of the scala tympani, the negative endocochlear DC potential
      disappeared precipitously and the maximum output of the cochlear microphonic was
      severely depressed with concentrations of potassium chloride of 30 mM or greater.
      The magnitude of the negative endocochlear DC potential appears to be closely
      related to the maximum output of the cochlear microphonic. These results suggest
      that the site of production of the negative EP is in the hair cells of the organ
      of Corti.

PMID- 4044418
TI  - Role of inner and outer hair cells in mechanical frequency selectivity of the
      cochlea.
AB  - Resonant frequencies of inner (IHC) and outer (OHC) hair cell systems in the
      guinea pig cochlea were computed using data on sensory-hair stiffness obtained
      from in vitro organ of Corti preparations (D. Strelioff and A. Flock (1984):
      Hearing Res. 15, 19-28). IHC stereocilia were modelled as stiff, free-standing,
      uniform cylinders which rotate about their elastic attachments to the apical
      surfaces of IHC. OHC, with the overlying tectorial membrane (TM), were modelled
      as a resonant mechanical system with the TM providing mass and the three rows of
      OHC sensory-hair bundles providing elasticity for linear, simple harmonic motion
      parallel to the reticular lamina. Since computed IHC resonant frequencies
      increase from 128 kHz at the apex to 300 kHz at the base, it is unlikely that
      they contribute to frequency selectivity. In contrast, computed frequencies of
      the OHC-TM system are within the audio range, increasing from 1.2 kHz at the apex
      to 22 kHz at the base. The results of these computations support the hypothesis
      that the OHC-TM system contributes to mechanical frequency selectivity of the
      cochlea whereas IHC are passive receptors which respond to mechanical movements
      of the cochlear partition.

PMID- 4044419
TI  - Cross-links between stereocilia in the guinea pig cochlea.
AB  - Cross-links between stereocilia on guinea pig cochlear hair cells have been
      examined using high resolution scanning (SEM) and transmission electron
      microscopy (TEM), confirming recent descriptions of these structures. Links from
      the tips of shorter stereocilia to the sides of the adjacent taller stereocilia
      (upward-pointing links), between stereocilia of the same row (side-to-side links)
      and between adjacent rows (row-to-row links), have been observed on inner and
      outer hair cells. These links have been seen in material fixed using (1)
      glutaraldehyde only, (2) glutaraldehyde/osmium and (3)
      glutaraldehyde/osmium/thiocarbohydrazide (a technique which makes gold coating
      unnecessary). Upward-pointing links were seen less frequently, and the surfaces
      of stereocilia and microvilli were smoother after fixation (3) compared with
      fixations (1) and (2) in which they were usually roughened in appearance. In TEM,
      side-to-side and row-to-row links form a regular lattice between stereocilia, and
      consist of a number of strands. Upward-pointing links consist of a single strand,
      the ends of which are associated with electron-dense material. This lies between
      the stereociliary membrane and the actin filament bundle, at the tip of the
      shorter stereocilium and the side of the taller stereocilium.

PMID- 4044420
TI  - Ontogenic changes in cochlear characteristic frequency at a basal turn location
      as reflected in the summating potential.
AB  - In these experiments the development of summating potential (SP) responses in
      gerbils from neonates to adults was followed. Special recording techniques were
      used to eliminate maturational effects associated with the middle ear so that
      developmental changes in cochlear physiology were isolated for study. Results
      indicate that as development proceeds the frequency that maximally excites the
      basilar membrane (BM) of the gerbil at a specific mid-basal turn electrode
      location progresses from low to high, demonstrating a 1.5 octave shift from the
      onset of the generation of electrical activity until adult-like response are
      obtained. These findings support the theory proposed by E.W. Rubel (in: Handbook
      of Sensory Physiology, Vol. IX: Development of Sensory Systems, pp. 135-237.
      Editor: M. Jacobsen. Springer-Verlag, New York) which explains the observed
      development of physiological responses measured in the cochlea and higher centers
      in terms of changing micromechanical transduction properties of the BM.

PMID- 4044421
TI  - Diurnal cycle for spontaneous oto-acoustic emission frequency.
AB  - Spontaneous oto-acoustic emission frequency was measured in two subjects at
      different times on the same day. A statistically significant frequency decrease
      during the morning hours was observed for both subjects. Possible mechanisms (ear
      canal pressure, body temperature, androgen level) for this decrease are
      discussed.

PMID- 4044422
TI  - Brainstem, whole-nerve AP and single-fiber suppression in the gerbil: normative
      data.
AB  - Suppression of gerbil brainstem responses (BSRs) and whole-nerve AP responses was
      studied by means of a forward masking procedure in which a tone-burst probe was
      preceded by a narrow-band masker. The effectiveness of the masker in reducing the
      brainstem response to the probe can be diminished by presenting a tone burst
      simultaneously with the masker. By varying the frequency and intensity of the
      third stimulus, BSR suppression areas can be determined. These flank the tails
      and high-frequency sides of BSR tuning curves in a manner similar to the
      suppression areas of AP tuning curves. The shapes and sizes of the BSR and AP
      suppression areas vary greatly across probe frequencies and animals. However, the
      lower boundaries of suppression areas associated with the tails of the tuning
      curves occur at similar absolute levels regardless of probe frequency or tuning
      curve shape. The BSR and AP suppression areas are in some respects similar to
      areas of two-tone rate suppression in single auditory nerve fibers of the gerbil.

PMID- 4044423
TI  - Delineation of FM rate channels in man by detectability of a three-component
      modulation waveform.
AB  - Adaptation studies have provided evidence for auditory mechanisms which operate
      on the modulation waveform of frequency-modulated sounds, and that these
      mechanisms behave like a series of channels selectively tuned to a limited range
      of modulation rates. In the present experiments, measurements of the modulation
      detectability threshold of a frequency-modulated tone, which had a modulation
      waveform spectrum consisting of three components: one component at the modulation
      rate and two sidebands which could be set to different frequency positions on
      either side of it, revealed that when the two sidebands were located within a
      limited bandwidth around the central component they contributed to the detection
      of the modulation. However, when the sidebands were more widely separated from
      the central component, the modulation detection threshold was dependent only on
      the magnitude of the central component. Within the area of sideband interaction,
      there was an inversely proportional relationship between the magnitude of the
      sidebands and the modulation threshold. Differences in the time-integrated sound
      spectra for the FM signals, although very complex, do not contain changes which
      adequately explain the data on the basis of critical band mechanisms, or a peak
      to-peak detection model. The data provide further evidence in support of the
      hypothesis derived from adaptation studies that channels selectively sensitive to
      the rate of frequency modulation in frequency-modulated tones are concerned in
      the processing of frequency-modulated signals.

PMID- 4044424
TI  - ON and OFF components of the auditory brainstem response have different frequency
      and intensity-specific properties.
AB  - When the ear of the mouse is stimulated with a tone burst of sufficiently long
      duration, a stimulus offset evoked potential is generated which mirrors, in some
      respects, the onset auditory brainstem response (ABR). The general waveform and
      interpeak latencies suggest this offset response is generated within the cochlea
      and auditory brainstem. But when visual detection threshold audiograms are made
      for these two responses, their shapes are not similar. The onset ABR thresholds
      reflect the behavioral detection thresholds, being lowest at midfrequency, while
      the offset thresholds are highest at midfrequency in the normal hearing CBA/J and
      RB3/bg mice. The LP/J mouse, with a mixed (conductive and sensory) dysfunction,
      shows a different relationship between its onset and offset thresholds. The onset
      and offset-ABRs of the normal mouse also differ from each other in the slopes of
      their amplitude input-output functions.

PMID- 4044425
TI  - Auditory structure and function in the bird middle ear: an evaluation by SEM and
      capacitive probe.
AB  - The anatomic features of the middle ear in five avian species were identified in
      the scanning electron microscope. Various aspects of the conductive apparatus
      were quantitatively measured in a number of specimens from each species. These
      included the tympanic membrane, columella footplate and oval window area; the
      length of the columella, extra-stapedius and Platner's ligament: and the angular
      relations between the columella and the tympanic membrane, extra-stapedius and
      footplate. The velocity vs frequency response curve, measured from the tip of the
      concave tympanic membrane, and corrected to a constant stimulus level of 100 dB
      SPL, was obtained for the neonatal chick and parakeet for frequencies between 0.2
      and 10.0 kHz with a capacitive probe. In both species this curve resembled a
      bandpass filter whose best frequency was in the range of 1.5-3.0 kHz. The low and
      high frequency roll-off was 6 and 16 dB per octave, respectively. Displacement of
      the TM in the chick was measured at several frequencies between 70 and 120 dB SPL
      and was found to be linear. The results of displacement measured from the tip of
      the tympanum and from a location 1.0 mm more central on the drum membrane
      revealed a large difference in displacement over all frequencies. A comparison
      between the shape of the audibility curve and the tympanic membrane velocity
      function in the parakeet revealed that both curves were nearly the same for the
      mid-range frequency region. These findings add to our understanding of middle-ear
      function in the avian ear.

PMID- 4044426
TI  - Mating behavior, boar-to-boar behavior during rearing and soundness of boars
      penned individually or in groups from 6 to 27 weeks of age.
AB  - Individual and group-reared boars were compared in two experiments, for treatment
      effects on mating behavior, growth rate, feed consumption and feed/gain.
      Soundness also was evaluated in one experiment. Boar-to-boar behaviors were
      studied in group-penned boars. In Exp. 1, boars were either reared in a group of
      five or individually from 12 to 27 wk of age, or group-penned from 12 to 19 wk
      and individually from 1-9 wk. In Exp. 2, boars were either penned individually
      from 6 to 27 wk, group-penned (eight/pen) from 6 to 27 wk, grouped from 6 to 12
      wk and then penned individually, or individually penned from 6 to 12 wk and then
      group-penned. Beginning at 29 wk of age, boars were tested every 2 wk for mating
      behavior in the presence of an estrous gilt. Four mating tests were conducted in
      Exp. 1 and five tests in Exp. 2. Individually penned boars grew faster from 6 to
      12 wk old in Exp. 2, but no other treatment effects on growth rate were observed.
      Treatment had very little effect on mating test behaviors, but individual penning
      markedly reduced leg soundness. Sheath sniffing first appeared at 16 to 18 wk of
      age in group-penned boars and was followed closely by anal sniffing. Side nosing
      increased between 20 and 23 wk. Mounting activity from 12 to 27 wk old was
      correlated with mating test score in Exp. 1 (.76; P less than .01) and Exp. 2
      (.55; P less than .05).

PMID- 4044427
TI  - A model of thermal acclimation in cattle.
AB  - A model of temperature effects on cattle daily feed intake has been developed
      that takes into account (1) time course of thermal acclimation and (2) behavioral
      responses to short-term thermal stress (STTS). The key difference between this
      model and the classical intake-temperature model is its consideration of the
      acclimation state of the animal. Time course of physiological acclimation is
      represented by a running average temperature. The STTS is defined as the
      difference between the current acclimated temperature [Tacci(L)] and current
      daily mean temperature (Ti). Ruminants were postulated as decreasing activity in
      response to STTS. An empirical relationship between daily feed intake (I) and
      environmental temperature was derived as: I = 100% - b'[Ti - Tacci(L)]2. Length
      of the acclimation period, L, and value of the behavioral response coefficient,
      b', were determined for grazing time of free-roaming cattle and feed intake of
      five breeds of feedlot cattle. Cattle breeds displayed apparent differences in L
      but no significant differences in b'. Feeding situation (feedlot vs free-roaming)
      had a significant effect on b' in cattle, but not on L. Because of explicit
      treatment of acclimation and stress, two-dimensional representation of thermal
      environment may be a more meaningful expression of effective environmental
      temperature in fluctuating environments than mean daily temperature alone. This
      model may have value in the interpretation of laboratory studies, as well as
      field studies, because the time frame of experiments will influence the results
      obtained, depending upon the acclimation state of the animal.

PMID- 4044428
TI  - Suckling behavior in range beef calves.
AB  - The number and duration of suckling incidences were recorded during eight 24-h
      observation periods in a herd of spring-calving Polled Hereford and percentage
      Simmental cows in 1980 and 1981. The average number of suckling events per calf
      in 24 h was 5.0 +/- .1 and the average time spent suckling in 24 h was 46 +/- 1
      min. Peaks in suckling activity occurred from 0500 to 0700, 1000 to 1300 and 1700
      to 2100 h. The most suckling events in a single hour occurred between 0500 and
      0600 h and the least between 2200 and 2300 h. Day of the estrous cycle did not
      influence the number or duration of suckling events. Cows that gave more milk
      nursed less frequently and heavier calves suckled less frequently (P less than
      .01). Age, breed and sex of the calf did not influence (P greater than .1)
      suckling frequency or duration.

PMID- 4044429
TI  - Influence of zeranol implants on growth, behavior and carcass traits in Angus and
      Limousin bulls and steers.
AB  - A 2(3) factorial arrangement of treatments was utilized to determine effects of
      postweaning zeranol implantation, breed (Angus vs Limousin) and castration (bull
      vs steer) on growth, behavior and carcass traits. An initial slaughter group was
      used to account for breed differences in composition and to determine fat and
      lean growth in the 9-10-11th rib section (NTE). The remaining cattle were fed a
      finishing diet to a fat end point of .76 cm, as determined by a backfat probe.
      Control bulls outgained (P less than .01) control steers both to the first kill
      date and over the entire test and did not require significantly more time to
      reach the fat end point. The implant did not influence gain in bulls but did
      increase gain in steers. Angus and Limousins were similar in growth rate for the
      first 126 d before the first slaughter date. Limousins required more (P less than
      .01) time to reach the fat end point. Bulls and Limousins produced heavier (P
      less than .01) carcasses and larger rib eyes (P less than .05; bulls; P less than
      .01; Limousins). Steers and Angus had higher (P less than .01) marbling scores
      and lower bone maturity. Implanting decreased (P less than .05) marbling and
      increased carcass maturity. Small but significant shifts in carcass wholesale cut
      weight distribution were found between breed and sex condition groups. Bulls and
      Limousins had greater lean growth in the NTE. Bulls and steers were similar in
      fat growth, but Angus exceeded Limousin in this trait. Zeranol reduced scrotal
      circumference (P less than .01) and testicle weight at slaughter (P less than
      .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4044430
TI  - Effects of receiving and growing diets on compensatory gains of stressed calves.
AB  - Three hundred seventy-seven male stocker calves were used to study the effects of
      three receiving diets, two growing-finishing diets and two levels of shipping
      shrink on compensatory gains during the post-receiving feeding period. Calves
      received on a 75% concentrate diet gained 19 kg more during the first 42 d than
      those received on hay plus .91 kg daily of protein supplement (P less than .01).
      Calves received on hay plus protein supplement gained 11 kg more than the calves
      received on hay alone during the same period (P less than .01). When calves were
      fed an 85% concentrate diet throughout finishing, there was no difference in the
      rate of compensatory gain made by calves fed hay alone or hay plus protein
      supplement. Neither of the latter two groups completely compensated for the slow
      rates of gain made during receiving. When calves were fed a 50% concentrate
      growing diet from the end of the receiving period to a body weight of 272 kg then
      finished on an 85% concentrate diet, those received on hay alone lacked only 1 kg
      of compensating fully for the low gains of the receiving period. However, this
      procedure had no effect on the compensatory gains of those received on hay plus
      protein supplement. High-shrink calves received on hay alone or hay plus protein
      never compensated fully for the low gains made in the receiving period. However,
      with low-shrink calves, those received on hay alone fully compensated for the low
      gains of the receiving period and those received on hay plus protein lacked only
      2 kg of making full compensation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4044431
TI  - Year-round breeding of crossbred Dorset or Finnish landrace ewes using a
      synthetic light regimen.
AB  - A group of crossbred Dorset or Finnish Landrace ewes maintained under a synthetic
      light regimen (Light Treatment, 4 mo long days - 16 h light, 4 mo short days - 8
      h light) and exposed to rams every 8 mo (January 1, September 1, May 1) was
      compared for lamb production over a period of 4.5 yr with two other comparable
      groups under natural daylight conditions, one exposed to rams once a year in the
      fall (Control I) and the other every 8 mo (Control II). Conception rates across
      breed type of ewe were 92% for Control I, 66% for Control II and 83% for Light
      Treatment ewes. Conception rates for May breedings only were 16% in Control II
      and 88% in Light Treatment ewes. Prolificacies of crossbred Finn ewes were higher
      (P less than .05) than those in crossbred Dorset ewes of Control I (258 vs 193%),
      Control II (187 vs 165%) and Light Treatment (238 vs 163%). The annual production
      at lambing from the crossbred Finn and Dorset ewes in Control I was 251 and 206
      lambs/100 ewes exposed to rams, respectively. Corresponding productions were 231
      and 178 for Control II and 296 and 211 for Light Treatment ewes. Mortality of
      lambs from the crossbred Finn ewes (27%) was higher (P less than .01) than that
      from the crossbred Dorset ewes (12%). Annual attrition of the crossbred Dorset
      ewes in Control I, Control II and Light Treatment groups was 5.2, 5.4 and 5.4%,
      respectively. Corresponding percentages of the crossbred Finn ewes were 7.0, 8.8
      and 11.2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4044432
TI  - Effect of calf weaning age and cow supplementation on cow productivity.
AB  - Five years of data were collected on 124 Brangus-type cows to evaluate weaning
      calves at 8.5 or 10.5 mo of age and winter supplementation of the brood cow with
      2.25 kg of molasses daily. Cows with calves weaned at 10.5 mg of age gained 14 kg
      less weight (P less than .01) during the late nursing period than did cows from
      which calves were earlier weaned. Age of calf at weaning had no effect on cow
      reproduction, but calves weaned at 10.5 mo were 2 to 3 d younger (P less than
      .06) and 5.3 kg lighter (P less than .05) at 8.5 mo of age. During the last 2 mo
      of nursing, calves weaned at 10.5 mo of age gained 37.2 kg and had a 31.9-kg
      heavier weaning weight than calves weaned at 8.5 mo of age. Molasses
      supplementation resulted in differences (P less than .01) in cow weight changes.
      Cows fed molasses had calving percentages 5 to 7 units higher (P less than .30)
      than cows not fed molasses. Feeding cows molasses for 145 d throughout the
      calving and breeding season increased calf weaning weight 7.7 (P less than .02)
      and 11.2 (P less than .03) kg, respectively, at 8.5 and 10.5 mo of age over the
      nonsupplemented controls.

PMID- 4044433
TI  - Breed differences in return to estrus after PGF2 alpha-induced abortions in
      swine.
AB  - Fifty-seven Duroc, 41 Landrace and 38 Yorkshire purebred sows in d 10 to 53 of
      pregnancy were aborted to synchronize estrus by using prostaglandin F2 alpha
      (PGF2 alpha). Breed differences in time between injection of two 10-mg doses of
      PGF2 alpha and return to estrus were observed in these three breeds of pregnant
      sows during two breeding seasons. Duroc sows returned to estrus .9 d faster (P
      less than .01) than Yorkshire and 1.3 d faster (P less than .01) than Landrace
      sows. Seasonal differences were also observed. The mean days from injection to
      estrus were 1.8 d fewer (P less than .01) for the spring season than in the fall
      season. All sows expressed estrus 5 to 11 d after injection. Normal gestation,
      parturition and piglet survival were observed in the sows after the treatment.
      Genetic differences in response to induced abortion and return to estrus could
      have implications in planned breeding and farrowing systems.

PMID- 4044434
TI  - Lifetime parental productivity in twenty-seven crosses of mice. I. Birth traits.
AB  - Twenty-seven crosses derived from three random-mating, unselected strains of mice
      (SWO, J, PGH) with 16 matings/pureline or cross were cohabited continuously and
      monogamously for 365 d to evaluate long-term reproductive performance of the
      parents. Data from 3,249 litters born were analyzed to study the effects of
      parity (number of litters) and type of cross (pureline, two-way, backcross, three
      way) on the following traits: 1) continuity of reproduction (COR), 2) litter size
      at birth (LSB), 3) age at first litter (AFL), 4) fraction alive at birth-the
      ratio of number born alive to LSB (FAB), 5) birth to birth interval (BBI) and 6)
      reproductive rate-the ratio of number born alive to birth to birth interval
      (RRT). Reproductive rate was also studied in a cumulative manner rather than on a
      per parity basis by regressing cumulative number born alive on cumulative birth
      to birth interval. Parity effects were important (P less than .01) for all traits
      measured. Differences among cross-types were highly significant for COR, LSB and
      RRT. Three-way crosses were more productive than backcrosses, and both were
      superior to two-way and pureline matings. Uniformity was greater among three-way
      crosses for all traits except COR. Cross-types differed importantly in the
      pattern of change in performance over parities for COR, LSB, FAB, RRT and
      cumulative number of live young (P less than .01). Number of parities were most
      important for variation in longevity of reproduction (COR) and somewhat for
      litter size (LSB). Mean and cumulative reproductive rates were influenced more by
      longevity and litter size than by interval between births.

PMID- 4044435
TI  - Lifetime parental productivity in twenty-seven crosses of mice. II. Weaning
      traits reflecting reproduction and lactation.
AB  - Twenty-seven crosses of mice derived from three random-mating, unselected strains
      (SWO, J. PGH) with 16 matings/pureline or cross were cohabited continuously and
      monogamously for a 365-d reproduction period to evaluate lifetime reproductive
      performance of the parents. Data from 3,249 litters born (2,792 surviving to
      weaning) were analyzed to study the effects of parity (number of litters) and
      type of cross (pureline, two-way, backcross, three-way) on certain traits
      measured at weaning (21 d). The traits evaluated were 1) weaning to weaning
      interval (WWI), 2) litter size at weaning (LSW), 3) fraction alive at weaning
      (FAW)-the ratio of LSW to number born alive, 4) total litter weight at weaning
      (LWT), 5) pup weight at weaning (PWT), 6) weaning weight per pup observed alive
      at birth (WPP), 7) parental feed consumption per day (FPD) and 8) parental costs
      (PCT). Cost per live weanling animal was estimated as the ratio of cumulative
      parental costs to cumulative number weaned. Cost per unit of weaning weight was
      defined as the regression of cumulative parental costs on cumulative litter
      weight. Parity effects were important (P less than .01) for all traits measured.
      Type of cross effects were noted for LSW, LWT, PWT, WPP, FPD (P less than .01)
      and PCT (P less than .05). A parity X cross-type interaction was expressed for
      WWI, LSW, PWT, WPP, FPD (P less than .01) and FAW (P less than .05). Three-way
      crosses were more productive than backcrosses, two-way crosses and pureline
      matings for all traits studied. Three-way crosses displayed the smallest cost per
      animal weaned and smallest cost per unit of weaning weight. The influence of
      parity on traits measured at weaning was less than for traits measured at birth.
      Weight per pup born alive (WPP) was found to be a better indicator of
      reproduction and lactation ability than LWT because WPP accounts for preweaning
      mortality.

PMID- 4044436
TI  - Selection for weaning weight in Targhee sheep in two environments. I. Direct
      response.
AB  - In 1961, selection for 120-d weight was initiated in two flocks from a common
      base population of grade Targhee sheep. At Davis, sheep were maintained on a good
      plane of nutrition, on irrigated pasture or in drylot. At Hopland, sheep grazed
      annual grassland range, with supplementary feeding only at mating and lambing.
      Selected (DW) and control (DC) lines were maintained at Davis from 1961 through
      1977. A selected (HW) line, replicate control (HC1 and HC2) lines and a line (DH)
      mated to the Davis DW rams were maintained at Hopland from 1961 through 1980,
      with the exception that HC2 was terminated in 1977. Multiplicative factors were
      used to adjust weights for effects of age of dam, sex and type of birth and
      rearing. Response to selection was estimated as the difference between selected
      and control line linear regression coefficients of adjusted line means on year.
      The Hopland replicate controls did not differ significantly from each other (HC1 
      HC2 = .004 +/- .056 kg/yr), and the control line data were pooled (HC). The
      overall control line mean 120-d weights on a female, single, mature-dam basis
      were 33.2 and 30.4 kg at Davis and Hopland, respectively. Direct response was
      greater at Davis than at Hopland: DW - DC = .524 +/- .073 kg/yr (P less than
      .001); HW - HC = .151 +/- .034 kg/yr (P less than .001). Corresponding realized
      heritabilities were .17 and .06. Direct response for the DH line was DH - HC =
      .226 +/- .036 (P less than .001); realized heritability was .08. Response in the
      DH line was greater (P less than .05) than that in the HW line: HW - DH = -.075
      +/- .037 kg/yr. This indicates that: (1) genetic improvement made on a higher
      plane of nutrition was expressed, but to a lesser degree, under range conditions
      and (2) selection under better feed conditions resulted in at least as much
      improvement in growth rate in a range environment as did selection under range
      conditions.

PMID- 4044437
TI  - Selection for weaning weight in Targhee sheep in two environments. II. Correlated
      effects.
AB  - Targhee sheep were selected for 120-d weight under irrigated pasture-drylot
      conditions at Davis (DW) and under range conditions at Hopland (HW). Unselected
      control lines were maintained in both environments (DC, HC1 and HC2). At Hopland,
      a line (DH) was maintained in which ewes were mated to Davis (DW) rams. Selection
      for 120-d weight was successful in both environments, with more improvement made
      in the drylot environment. The genetic improvement made in the drylot environment
      was expressed, although to a lesser degree, under range conditions. Correlated
      responses were analyzed. Birth weight increased significantly in all three
      selected lines; the increase was less in line DH than in the other two lines. In
      all selected lines, weights of ewes of all ages at mating increased significantly
      compared with their respective controls. Proportion of ewes lambing decreased (P
      less than .05) in line DH; the trend was negative but nonsignificant in line DW.
      Differences in litter size between lines within location were not significant.
      Lamb survival to weaning decreased in lines DW (P less than .05) and DH (P less
      than .01), compared with their respective controls; and the trend in HW was
      negative but nonsignificant. Fertility and survival data indicated that, under
      range conditions, the line selected under drylot conditions (DH) was less fit
      than the line selected under range conditions (HW). As a result of the decreases
      in lamb survival and fertility, none of the selected lines produced more total
      lamb weight weaned per ewe than the controls, in spite of the significant direct
      response to selection. Mature ewes of lines DH and DW produced less total lamb
      weight weaned per ewe (P less than .001 and P less than .05) than their
      respective controls. The results indicate that while single trait selection for
      growth rate to weaning results in heavier lambs, it does not increase and may
      decrease total lamb production per ewe.

PMID- 4044438
TI  - Sheath area in Brahman and grade Brahman calves and its association with
      preweaning growth traits.
AB  - Data from 439 Brahman (B) and grade Brahman (GB; 7/8 Brahman or more) calves born
      from 1970 through 1975 at the USDA Subtropical Agricultural Research Station were
      used to estimate least-squares means, heritabilities and genetic correlations for
      sheath area and preweaning growth traits. Grade Brahman calves weighed more (P
      less than .01) at birth and gained more (P less than .01) preweaning than B
      calves, although sheath areas were not different. Males exceeded (P less than
      .01) heifers in all preweaning growth traits and had larger (P less than .01)
      sheath areas. Heritabilities were: sheath area, .45 +/- .13; birth weight, .25 +/
      .13; average daily gain, .38 +/- .15 and weaning weight, .35 +/- .15. Genetic
      correlations between sheath area and birth weight, average daily gain and weaning
      weight were .23 +/- .35, .58 +/- .25 and .52 +/- .27. These results suggest
      selection could be effective in reducing sheath area in B and B-derivative
      breeds, but would be antagonistic to preweaning growth traits. Because of
      relatively low phenotypic correlations between sheath area and preweaning growth
      rate (.27) and weaning weight (.29), continued emphasis on increasing growth rate
      or weaning weight could generally be maintained with careful attention to
      avoiding large sheath areas through independent culling level or index selection
      procedures.

PMID- 4044439
TI  - Simulated selection for reproductive rate in beef cattle.
AB  - Computer simulation was used to evaluate four selection strategies for
      reproductive success in beef cattle. The strategies were no culling; culling of
      nonpregnant heifers; culling of nonpregnant heifers and cows nonpregnant twice;
      culling all nonpregnant females. In addition, simulations were conducted
      utilizing method four for 20 yr, then changed to method three for an additional
      20 yr. Cows were removed from the herd at age 10 if not previously culled.
      Because reproduction is a threshold character, an underlying normally distributed
      liability that influences whether or not a cow will produce a calf was assumed
      with a heritability estimate of .2, a mean of zero and a standard deviation of
      one. Regressions of breeding value for reproduction and calving rate on year of
      selection were calculated assuming initial calving rates of 80 and 90%. Linear
      and quadratic effects for breeding value were present for all selection methods
      at both initial rates. All primary breeding value regressions were different than
      that for no culling. At the 90% initial calving rate, methods three and four were
      different from method two. There were no differences among any regressions for
      calving rate. Progress for breeding value was more regular than for calving rate;
      maximum progress for breeding value in 40 yr was approximately .32 standard
      deviations for selection method four. Calving rate was more erratic, although
      calving rate increased approximately 7% as a result of 40 yr of selection using
      method four at the 80% initial calving rate. It appears that much of the
      improvement attained by any method of selection occurred in the first 20
      yr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4044440
TI  - Adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism during pregnancy in swine.
AB  - In vitro adipose tissue fatty acid pool size (POOL), fatty acid release (FAR) and
      esterification (EST) were measured in peritoneal (PFP) and subcutaneous mammary
      (MFP) fat pads of swine at d 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 112 of pregnancy.
      Plasma free fatty acids (FFA) and triglycerides (TG) were not altered by stage of
      pregnancy. Basal EST in PFP was generally constant across pregnancy with a peak
      at d 75. Basal EST in MFP was elevated at d 30, 75 and 112. Esterification in
      response to norepinephrine stimulus (NE) was lower than basal rates in both fat
      depots. Basal FAR was constant throughout pregnancy in PFP, but elevated at d 75
      and 90 in MFP. Fatty acid release in response to NE was biphasic with peaks at d
      30 and in late pregnancy (in MFP, micromolar FAR in response to NE was 69.3%
      greater on d 75 to 112 than on d 45 to 60). Basal POOL was constant throughout
      pregnancy in both depots and lower than NE-stimulated POOL. All responses to NE
      were greater in MFP than in PFP, indicating that adipose tissue surrounding the
      developing mammary gland had higher metabolic activity and a greater response to
      NE than peritoneal adipose. Changes in fatty acid metabolism during pregnancy in
      swine are temporally related to published values for plasma steroids, fetal
      growth and mammary development. Metabolic adaptations in adipose and mannary
      epithelial tissue occur in synchrony with changing plasma estrogen
      concentrations, redirecting energy flow from maternal adipose tissue toward
      developing mammary and fetal tissue.

PMID- 4044441
TI  - The effect of severe dietary protein restriction on skeletal muscle fiber number,
      area and composition in weanling rats.
AB  - The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effects of severe
      dietary protein restriction on soleus (S) and tibialis anterior (TA) fiber number
      and S muscle fiber area, composition and length. The S and TA muscles were
      removed from one leg of 12 male Sprague-Dawley rats at 21 d of age. Six of these
      animals were placed on a 1% protein diet until 42 d of age, while six served as
      age-matched controls. Muscle fiber number was determined by the nitric acid
      digestion method for S muscles and the mean fiber dry-weight estimation method
      for the TA muscles. Mean fiber numbers for the S muscles were 2,655 +/- 42 and
      2,669 +/- 71 for the treatment group at 21 and 42 d of age, respectively, and
      15,989 +/- 899 and 16,067 +/- 695 at 21 and 42 d of age, respectively, for the TA
      muscle. For the age-matched control group, fiber numbers for the S muscle were
      2,928 +/- 78 and 2,949 +/- 76 at 21 and 42 d, respectively, and 17,964 +/- 281
      and 18,445 +/- 296 at 21 and 42 d, respectively, for the TA muscle. The S muscle
      fiber area, composition and length were studied using 12 male Sprague-Dawley
      rats. Six animals were placed on the 1% protein diet from 21 to 42 d of age,
      while six animals served as age-matched controls. The S muscle fiber area was
      33.1 and 51.5% smaller for type I and type II fibers, respectively, for animals
      fed the 1% protein diet. The S fiber length was 27.9% less in animals fed the 1%
      protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4044442
TI  - Interaction between energy level in the diet and environmental temperature on the
      utilization of energy in growing pigs.
AB  - Thirty-two pigs weighing approximately 50 kg were maintained in respiration
      chambers to measure their heat production and the partition of energy retention
      between protein and fat deposition at two environmental temperatures (23 and 13
      C) and with two energy levels in the diet: 3.39 (HE) and 2.92 (LE) Mcal ME/kg.
      From energy balance data, maintenance requirements (MEm) and the efficiency (k)
      of energy (ME) utilization for energy deposition were calculated for each
      treatment. For both diets, MEm averaged 122 kcal ME/kg.75 at 23 C, the rate of
      increase of MEm being 3.7 kcal ME/kg.75 for each 1 C decrease in the
      environmental temperature. At 23 C, k was higher with the HE diet (.81 vs .55)
      and similar for both diets (.78) at 13 C. At comparable ME intakes, heat
      production was higher with the LE diet at 23 C, and the rate of increase of heat
      production between 23 and 13 C was lower with the LE diet (1 kcal/kg.75) than
      with the HE diet (3 kcal/kg.75), resulting in similar heat production at 13 C for
      both diets. This resulted in an interaction (P less than .01) between temperature
      and diet on heat production. Protein retention was lower (P less than .01) at 13
      C but unaffected by diet at both temperatures. This resulted in an interaction (P
      less than .01) between temperature and diet on fat retention. Consequently,
      energy of LE and HE diets was similarly utilized at 13 C, while at 23 C, the HE
      diet was better utilized. The comparison between these results and those obtained
      in growth experiments is discussed.

PMID- 4044443
TI  - Effect of slow cooling end point temperature on survival of frozen bovine
      embryos.
AB  - One hundred sixty-two embryos were collected from superovulated crossbred beef
      cattle 7 to 8 d after the onset of estrus. Embryos were frozen in modified
      Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline supplemented with 20% heat-inactivated fetal
      calf serum (PBS + FCS) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), which was added in three
      steps to a final concentration of 1.5 M. Embryos were placed in .25 ml of 1.5 M
      DMSO in PBS + FCS in 1-ml glass ampules and cooled at 1.0 C/min from ambient
      temperature to -7 C, seeded and then cooled at .3 C/min to -19, -26, -33, -38, 
      43, -50 or -57 C before immersion (plunging) in liquid nitrogen. Ampules were
      thawed in 25 C water, and DMSO was removed in six steps at .25 M increments. 10
      min/step. After removal of DMSO, embryos were cultured 24 h in PBS + FCS and then
      fixed and stained. Just after thawing, embryos for which slow cooling was
      terminated at -50 C were of lower (P less than .05) morphological quality than
      other groups. After removal of cryoprotectant, embryos from both the -19 and -50
      C treatments had deteriorated more (P less than .05) than had embryos from other
      treatments. After 24-h culture, embryos slow-cooled to -19, -26 and -50 C had a
      lower rate of survival (P less than .05) than did embryos from -33, -38, -43 and 
      57 C temperatures. Embryos slow-cooled to -33, -38 and -43 C showed a higher
      percentage of healthy nuclei than did embryos slow-cooled to -19, -26 and -50
      C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4044444
TI  - Nonpuberal estrus and mature cow influences on growth and puberty in heifers.
AB  - This experiment had two objectives. The first was to test a hypothesis that the
      presence of mature cows can influence the growth rate and physiological
      maturation rate of growing heifers. The second objective was to define a
      phenomenon termed nonpuberal estrus (NPE). Nonpuberal estrus in a prepuberal
      heifer is a behavioral estrus that is not followed by ovulation and formation of
      a corpus luteum. Two years of data were collected. All heifers were crossbred and
      were sired by Hereford, Charolais and Tarentaise bulls in yr 1 (n = 153) and by
      the same three breeds plus Jersey, Shorthorn, Brahman and Longhorn in yr 2 (n =
      207). All heifers were born in the spring and weaned in October when
      approximately 180 d old. After weaning, heifers were assigned at random (within
      breed of sire) to control or mature cow (MC) treatment pens. Control pens
      contained 25 or 26 heifers and a sterile marker bull, while MC pens contained 25
      or 26 heifers and a sterile marker bull plus four nonpregnant, mature cows. The
      presence of the mature cows did not (P greater than .10) affect rate of gain or
      yearling weight. Sire breed did (P less than .01) influence weight on test and
      average daily gain during the test in both years and affected (P less than .01)
      yearling weight during yr 2 but not (P greater than .10) during yr 1. A sire
      breed X treatment interaction effect on puberal traits was significant (P less
      than .01) in yr 1 but not in yr 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4044445
TI  - Consumption of simulated acid mine water by sheep.
AB  - Water consumption by sheep in 48-h periods was measured in three replicated
      experiments. Intake was expressed as ml X kg body weight-.73 X d-1 and treatments
      were compared with intake of tap water or distilled water in no-choice
      situations. Neutralizing two acid mine drainage (AMD) polluted waters having pH
      values of 2.4 and 2.8, with Ca(OH)2 did not make either as acceptable to sheep as
      unpolluted water (P less than .01). Simulating AMD with sources of H+, HSO4-, SO4
      =, Fe , Al++, Mn++, Zn++ or Na+ revealed several significant differences in
      acceptance. The ferric ion at 2.6 mM was rejected when presented as Fe2(SO4)3 but
      not as equimolar FeCl3. Moreover, SO4 = at 3.9 mM was not rejected when presented
      as Na2SO4 or ZnSO4. Neither AlSO4 nor MnSO4 at levels found in the two sources of
      AMD was rejected. Effects of prolonged consumption of the various components have
      not been determined.

PMID- 4044446
TI  - Altrenogest and fat for summer breeding of primiparous sows.
AB  - Delaying the onset of estrus after weaning and adding fat to the postweaning diet
      were studied for their effects on estrus and fertility in 232 crossbred
      primiparous sows on a commercial swine farm. Sows were assigned randomly to the
      following treatments after weaning in June, July, August, or September, 1983: 1)
      altrenogest (20 mg/d) was fed for 7 d after weaning (n = 76), 2) altrenogest was
      fed for 7 d plus .53 kg dried animal and vegetable fat product (.45 kg actual
      fat/d) for 14 d after weaning (n = 78), or 3) no treatment (controls, n = 78).
      While a similar proportion of sows came into heat after weaning (lactation length
      = 4 wk), sows fed altrenogest (14.4 +/- .2 d) returned to estrus about 9 d later
      (P less than .01) than controls (5.6 +/- .2 d). Serum progesterone concentration
      was assayed in blood samples collected from a subgroup (74%) of the cows not
      observed in estrus by 3 wk after weaning to determine possible causes of
      anestrus. If serum progesterone (greater than 5 ng/ml) was elevated, we assumed
      that sows had ovulated without expressing estrus (behavioral anestrus) or
      ovulated with undetected estrus (less overt estrus or error in estrous
      detection), whereas low progesterone (less than or equal to 5 ng/ml) indicated
      that sows were anovulatory. About 53% of the sows not observed in estrus across
      all treatments had luteal function, probably resulting from post-weaning
      ovulation. Incidence of anovulation without estrus was 47%. Farrowing rate was
      higher (P less than .05) for sows fed only altrenogest (64%) compared with
      controls (46%), but similar to fat supplemented, altrenogest-treated sows
      (52%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4044447
TI  - Utilization by sheep of whole shelled corn impregnated with urea, calcium,
      potassium and sulfur.
AB  - Twenty-eight growing wether lambs (33.9 kg), adapted to urea for 40 d, were used
      in a metabolism study to determine if urea impregnation of corn could improve
      urea utilization. The following diets were compared: 1) whole shelled corn alone,
      2) whole shelled corn impregnated with urea, calcium (Ca) as CaCl2, potassium (K)
      as KC2H3O2, and sulfur (S) as Na2S2O3 X 5H2O, 3) whole shelled corn fed with a
      dry supplement containing urea, Ca, K and S and 4) whole shelled corn fed with a
      dry supplement containing soybean meal, Ca and K. Additions were made to provide
      diets containing 12% crude protein, .37% Ca and .50% K. A 10:1 N (from urea) to S
      ratio, dry basis was used in urea-containing diets. Corn (90% dry matter) in diet
      2 was impregnated by spraying 1.1 liters of an aqueous solution containing the
      above salts per 10 kg of corn dry matter. After mixing for 10 min in a horizontal
      mixer, the corn was dried in a laboratory grain drying bin with ambient
      laboratory air for 48 h. Lambs were fed 350 g of the respective diets plus 35 g
      orchardgrass hay twice daily during a 20-d metabolism trial. On the last day of
      the trial, ruminal fluid samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h
      postfeeding and jugular blood was obtained at 0 and 6 h postfeeding. Nitrogen
      supplemented diets resulted in increased (P less than .01) absorption and
      retention of N. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and NFE tended to be
      greater in lambs fed impregnated corn than in lambs fed the other diets.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4044448
TI  - The effect of low to normal dietary phosphorus levels on zinc metabolism and
      tissue distribution in calves.
AB  - Sixteen 10-wk-old, phosphorus (P)-depleted Holstein bull calves were fed for 6 wk
      a control diet containing .08% P or P-supplemented diets containing .14, .20 or
      .32% P with supplemental P from two sources (CDP and Dynafos). The diets
      contained .45, .56, .66 and .87% Ca. After 5 wk of the experiment, the calves
      were dosed orally with 65Zn, and daily total fecal collections were initiated. At
      the end of the experimental period, the calves were killed and tissue samples
      were taken for total Zn and 65Zn analyses. Growth, feed intake and feed
      efficiency improved with increasing dietary P levels. Level of dietary P and Ca
      had little or no effect (P greater than .05) on total Zn content of rib, tibia,
      liver, heart, kidney, muscle or blood. Likewise, 65Zn absorption and content in
      most tissues were not affected (P greater than .05). The results do not preclude
      the possibility of some minor effects of P levels on Zn metabolism. However, it
      is apparent that when adequate Zn is fed, any effects are likely to be of little
      or no practical importance.

PMID- 4044449
TI  - Fatty acid composition and mycolic acid pattern of some chromogenic mycobacteria.
AB  - Twenty-nine strains of chromogenic mycobacteria belonging to the species
      Mycobacterium aurum (5 strains), M. duvalii (2), M. flavescens (1), M. gordonae
      (6), M. kansasii (3), M. obuense (1), M. parafortuitum (3), M. phlei (2), M.
      rhodesiae (1), M. vaccae (2) and Mycobacterium spp. (3) were studied for fatty
      acid composition and mycolic acid patterns by gas-liquid chromatography and thin
      layer chromatography respectively. Fatty acids found ranged from those with 12-24
      carbon atoms and were saturated and monounsaturated straight chain fatty acids,
      along with 10-methyl branched of 16, 17 and 18 (tuberculostearic acid) carbon
      atoms. Moreover, 2-methyl tetradecanoic acid was found in M. gordonae, M.
      kansasii and Mycobacterium spp. (2 strains), and 2,4-dimethyl tetradecanoic acid
      in M. kansasii and Mycobacterium spp. (2 strains). Nonadecenoic acid was found
      only in M. flavescens and tuberculostearic acid was not detected in M. gordonae.
      Three patterns of mycolic acids were obtained: the first, found in M. aurum, M.
      flavescens, M. phlei, M. rhodesiae and Mycobacterium spp. (1 strain), was
      characterized by the presence of several spots assigned to alpha-mycolates, keto
      mycolates and wax-ester mycolates (omega-carboxy-mycolates and 2-eicosanol and
      related alcohols); the second, found in M. duvalii, M. obuense, M. parafortuitum
      and M. vaccae was similar to the first, but it contained an additional spot of
      alpha'-mycolates; the third pattern, found in M. gordonae, M. kansasii and
      Mycobacterium spp. (2 strains) contained three spots considered to be alpha
      mycolates, methoxy-mycolates and keto-mycolates. The results obtained confirm
      previously reported data on the fatty and mycolic acid composition of the species
      studied.

PMID- 4044450
TI  - A note on estimation of food spoilage yeasts by measurement of adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP) after growth at various temperatures.
AB  - The growth at 4 degrees, 10 degrees and 15 degrees C of six psychrotrophic yeasts
      isolated from foods was compared using total viable counts and ATP measurement. A
      linear relationship (r greater than or equal to 0.97) was obtained between log10
      (number of viable yeasts) and log10 (ATP content) of cultures grown at these
      temperatures. This relationship was not temperature-dependent. The results are
      discussed and their significance for the rapid estimation of yeasts in foods is
      considered.

PMID- 4044451
TI  - A note on the stability of Rappaport-Vassiliadis enrichment medium.
AB  - After pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water, 376 samples from chicken
      carcasses, minced meat, pork sausages, faeces of healthy pigs and sewage-polluted
      seawater were enriched in Rappaport--Vassiliadis medium prepared either 4 d or 6
      7 months before use. It was observed that the two media were equally effective in
      detecting Salmonella spp., (82 positive samples with each medium) and in their
      ability to inhibit competing organisms.

PMID- 4044452
TI  - Classification of some lactic acid bacteria from vacuum-packed meats by direct
      probe mass spectrometry.
AB  - The technique of direct probe mass spectrometry (DPMS) has been applied to the
      classification of 40 strains of lactic acid bacteria from refrigerated vacuum
      packed beef, pork, lamb and bacon. Relationships between strains were examined by
      multi-variate statistical techniques using sets of ions selected for
      reproducibility and sample discrimination. Five groups were distinguished which
      corresponded closely to those detected in a previous numerical taxonomic study.
      Two groups contained all 12 representatives of a cluster of unidentifiable non
      aciduric streptobacteria whose sub-division is supported by other taxonomic
      evidence. All twenty-one strains from a cluster of aciduric streptobacteria
      provisionally identified with Lactobacillus sake were contained in two further
      groups. The sub-division of these aciduric strains revealed by DPMS has not been
      verified by other techniques and requires further investigation. The fifth group
      contained Leuconostoc strains. The study demonstrates the value of DPMS in
      confirming and clarifying classification schemes obtained by conventional
      methods.

PMID- 4044453
TI  - Towards microbiological quality assurance in radiation sterilization processing:
      the limiting case model applied to a microbial population having a distribution
      of radiation responses.
AB  - A limiting case model, developed earlier to provide a conservative estimate of
      the proportion of non-sterile items (P) in an irradiated population of items
      contaminated with micro-organisms of a single type, has been extended to include
      items having organisms of different types. Estimates of P are compared with exact
      values derived on purely theoretical grounds and with values obtained by computer
      simulation of microbiological inactivation on items.

PMID- 4044454
TI  - A note on the use of Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium (R10/RV) for the isolation of
      salmonellas from sewage and sewage sludges.
AB  - The use of a modified Rappaport broth for the selective enrichment of salmonellas
      in sewage sludge is described. Comparative trials were carried out using Muller
      Kauffman--Tetrathionate (MKT) broth and Rappaport-Vassiliadis (R10/RV) medium for
      selective enrichment. Results have indicated that R10/RV broth is more selective
      and is to be preferred for routine monitoring.

PMID- 4044455
TI  - Training prosocial behaviors to young children: an analysis of reciprocity with
      untrained peers.
AB  - We examined the effects of a social skills training package on the play behaviors
      of three young girls. Two children were taught to invite their peers to play and
      to use social amenities during their conversations with other children. A
      combined reversal and multiple baseline across responses design demonstrated that
      both children directed more social behaviors to their classroom peers after
      training and that these two children's play invitations were maintained in the
      later absence of experimental contingencies. In addition, both target children
      received a greater number of play invitations from their peers during the free
      play periods. In contrast, a third child's play invitations were not reciprocated
      by peers; her invitations subsequently decreased in rate after training was
      discontinued. An interdependent group contingency produced a reciprocal exchange
      of invitations between this child and her classroom peers. A reversal design
      demonstrated partial maintenance of subject-peer exchanges after the group
      intervention was discontinued. The results obtained with the three target
      children suggest that peer reciprocity may facilitate the maintenance of
      children's play invitations over time.

PMID- 4044456
TI  - Increasing the independent responding of autistic children with unpredictable
      supervision.
AB  - We investigated the role of predictable versus unpredictable supervision on the
      independent task responding of three autistic children. In a predictable
      supervision condition, the therapist was present in the setting for a regular
      period of time and then was absent for the remainder of the session. In an
      unpredictable supervision condition, the therapist's presence was scheduled on a
      random, intermittent, and unpredictable basis throughout the session. The
      multiple baseline analysis showed that the unpredictable supervision produced
      much higher levels of on-task responding during the therapist's absence for all
      three children. Analysis of work completed during the therapist's absence also
      favored the unpredictable supervision condition. The results are discussed in
      relation to the literature on generalization and educational practice.

PMID- 4044457
TI  - The relative motivational properties of sensory and edible reinforcers in
      teaching autistic children.
AB  - We compared the effects of sensory and edible reinforcers on resistance to
      satiation in three autistic children while learning visual discrimination tasks.
      Within-subject designs were used to compare a single sensory reinforcer with a
      single edible reinforcer and to compare multiple sensory reinforcers with
      multiple edibles. Results indicated that multiple sensory reinforcers maintained
      responding over more trials than did multiple edible reinforcers; however, the
      use of single sensory reinforcers and single edibles resulted in about equal
      numbers of trials to satiation. Both multiple and single sensory reinforcers
      produced higher percentages of correct responses than edible reinforcers. The
      findings are discussed in terms of the advantages of sensory reinforcers in
      teaching autistic children.

PMID- 4044458
TI  - Assessment of stimulus preference and reinforcer value with profoundly retarded
      individuals.
AB  - We evaluated a procedure for identifying potential reinforcers with profoundly
      retarded individuals. In Experiment 1, six persons were repeatedly exposed to 16
      stimuli, and approach behaviors to each stimulus were used to identify preferred
      and nonpreferred stimuli. In Experiment 2, we examined the reinforcing properties
      of preferred and nonpreferred stimuli by delivering them contingently on the
      occurrence of arbitrarily selected responses. Results revealed that the preferred
      stimulus conditions typically produced higher rates of responding than did either
      the baseline or the nonpreferred stimulus conditions, suggesting that the
      procedure can be used to assess reinforcer value for individuals with limited
      behavioral repertoires.

PMID- 4044459
TI  - The efficacy of an all-positive approach to classroom management.
AB  - This study addressed the question of whether an all-positive approach to
      classroom management can be effective. The on-task behavior and academic
      performance of eight, second- and third-grade children with behavior problems
      were examined. Results indicated that an all-positive approach that relied
      primarily on praise was not effective. However, when an individualized reward
      system was used, the children's rates of on-task behavior were high and stable.
      Similar effects were observed for academic productivity. Thus, a classroom can be
      managed using only positive consequences. However, to be successful, such an
      approach may require a considerable amount of teacher time and effort,
      particularly potent, varied and individual rewards, and high rates of appropriate
      behavior previously established using both positive and negative consequences.

PMID- 4044460
TI  - The effect of study skill training on learning disabled students' retelling of
      expository material.
AB  - This research was conducted to determine the effects of a study skill training
      procedure on oral retelling of printed expository material read by three
      intermediate-grade learning disabled students. Measures of story retelling, study
      characteristics, and answers to comprehension questions were obtained during each
      session. The study skills taught during the intervention phase involved a
      modified Study, Question, Read, Recite, and Review technique (Robinson, 1941).
      Findings confirmed the existence of a functional relationship between the use of
      the study skill procedure and improved retelling. Experimenter directions and
      assistance were systematically faded so that during postchecks students used the
      procedure easily and quickly while obtaining their highest scores for retelling.

PMID- 4044461
TI  - A clinical comparison between Macrodantin and trimethoprim for prophylaxis in
      women with recurrent urinary infections.
AB  - Seventy-two patients with a history of at least three attacks of urinary
      infection in the previous 12 months were assigned randomly to long-term
      prophylaxis with 100 mg at night of either Macrodantin (34 patients) or
      trimethoprim (38 patients). The mean interval between symptomatic attacks while
      on either treatment was increased three-fold compared with the pretreatment
      period. Macrodantin was significantly more effective (P less than 0.05) at
      preventing bacteriuria. Prophylaxis was equally effective in patients with and
      without a radiological abnormality. Side effects were significantly more common
      (P less than 0.05) in the group taking Macrodantin. In patients taking
      trimethoprim acquisition of resistance by faecal coliforms occurred at a rate of
      about 5%/month, and breakthrough infections were almost exclusively caused by
      trimethoprim-resistant coliforms. No acquisition of resistance occurred in
      patients taking Macrodantin, and the few breakthrough infections noted were due
      to sensitive bacteria.

PMID- 4044462
TI  - Latamoxef: single agent prophylaxis in colorectal surgery.
AB  - To assess the suitability of latamoxef (moxalactam) as single agent
      chemoprophylaxis in elective colorectal surgery, 120 consecutive patients were
      randomized to receive latamoxef (L) 1 g or cephazolin 1 g and metronidazole 500
      mg (CM) administered intravenously at induction of anaesthesia and 6 and 12 h
      postoperatively. The groups were well matched for age, sex, pathology and
      procedures. Serum and tissue levels of latamoxef were well above the MIC90 for
      most bowel organisms. Inpatient stay was similar for both groups. Pyrexia was
      seen in 44 patients (11 L, 23 CM) and eight developed a wound infection (3 L, 5
      CM). Major intra-abdominal sepsis occurred in seven patients (2 L, 5 CM),
      secondary to anastomotic leakage in four (1 L, 3 CM). Twenty patients developed a
      chest infection (5 L, 15 CM) and eight urinary sepsis (2 L, 6 CM). No bleeding
      complication occurred, and there was no difference in clotting function between
      the two groups. Six patients died prior to follow-up at six weeks (1 L, 5 CM),
      two from anastomotic dehiscence. All but three wounds had healed (1 L, 2 CM) and
      one further patient had an incisional hernia (CM). These results suggest that
      latamoxef is an efficient chemoprophylactic agent in elective colorectal surgery,
      and is marginally better than cephazolin plus metronidazole.

PMID- 4044463
TI  - Rifampicin concentrations in pancreatic juice.

PMID- 4044464
TI  - Phagocytosis of staphylococci after exposure to antibiotics, mass versus colony
      forming units.

PMID- 4044465
TI  - Double beta-lactam therapy in the immunocompromised host.

PMID- 4044466
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of vibunazole (BAY n 7133) administered orally to healthy
      subjects.
AB  - The role of gastric acidity in the absorption of the new antifungal drug
      vibunazole was studied in six healthy volunteers. Vibunazole was administered
      orally as 400 mg tablets to fasting subjects under three conditions: after 400 mg
      cimetidine orally, after 30 ml diluted hydrochloric acid orally, and alone.
      Plasma concentrations of vibunazole were determined with HPLC. The plasma
      concentration profile of vibunazole could be described adequately by a one
      compartmental open model with first-order absorption. Kinetic parameters after
      oral administration did not differ between the three modes of administration. The
      mean peak time was 1 h 29 min (after lag-time). The mean peak concentration was
      2.76 mg/l. The mean elimination half-life of vibunazole was 2 h 22 min. The mean
      absorption lag-time was 30 min, with considerable variation.

PMID- 4044467
TI  - The effects of latamoxef, cefotaxime, and cefoperazone on platelet function and
      coagulation in normal volunteers.
AB  - A bleeding diathesis characterized by in-vitro platelet dysfunction and
      prolongation of the template bleeding time (TBT) has been reported in patients
      receiving latamoxef ('moxalactam'), but not cefotaxime or cefoperazone.
      Hypoprothrombinaemia has been associated with the use of both latamoxef and
      cefoperazone in seriously ill and malnourished patients. We administered either
      latamoxef, cefotaxime or cefoperazone intravenously, at dosages within the range
      recommended by each manufacturer, to 14 normal volunteers. Latamoxef caused a
      dose and time dependent defect in platelet function characterized in vitro by
      abnormalities in aggregation to adenosine diphosphate and in vivo by prolongation
      of the template bleeding time. In two out of two subjects, a single 4 g dose of
      latamoxef caused neither prolongation of template bleeding times nor aggregation
      abnormalities. Two out of two subjects receiving latamoxef 6 g/day for six days
      had progressive prolongation of bleeding times to 12 and 15 min. Two additional
      subjects receiving latamoxef 12 g/day for four days had prolongation of template
      bleeding times to greater than 20 min. Of four subjects receiving cefotaxime 12
      g/day for seven days, none had prolongation of template bleeding times or
      abnormalities in platelet aggregations. Of four subjects receiving cefoperazone 6
      g/day, none had significant prolongation of template bleeding times and one had
      abnormalities in aggregation attributed to inadvertent salicylate ingestion.
      Prolongation of the prothrombin time or activated partial thromboplastin time did
      not occur in any of the 14 volunteers. Latamoxef is more likely to interfere with
      platelet function than either cefotaxime or cefoperazone.

PMID- 4044468
TI  - An in vitro approach to the study of target organ toxicity of drugs and
      chemicals.
AB  - A major goal of our laboratory has been the development of primary culture
      systems that retain differentiated functions and responses characteristic of
      intact tissues in vivo. Specifically, we have developed cellular models of
      primary cultures of rat heart, liver, and kidney cells to explore the mechanisms
      by which drugs or chemicals may be toxic to key organs of the body and to develop
      new techniques by which xenobiotics may be evaluated or identified as potential
      toxicants to living systems. The purpose of this paper is to describe our
      rationale and approach to the study of target organ toxicology with in vitro
      cellular systems.

PMID- 4044469
TI  - Rat kidney epithelial cell culture for metal toxicity studies.
AB  - Evaluation of the potential adverse human health effects of low-level chronic
      exposure to heavy metals is dependent on the basic knowledge of the cellular and
      molecular toxicology of these metals. The use of various cell culture systems has
      greatly facilitated our knowledge of the cellular effects. Inasmuch as most of
      the acute and chronic toxic effects of metals occur primarily on the renal
      proximal tubules, the development of a rat kidney epithelial cell culture has
      provided a unique system to study the uptake and mechanism of toxicity of metals
      and their intracellular binding ligands. In the presence of D-valine, fibroblast
      growth was retarded and a primary epithelial monolayer culture was selectively
      grown from rat kidney cells. A distinct difference in the uptake of chemically
      similar divalent metals, such as Pb2+, Hg2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+, was observed in
      these cells. Both Pb2+ and Hg2+ were more avidly taken up by kidney cells than
      Cd2+ and Zn2+ salts and they also showed increased toxicity. On the other hand,
      the cellular uptake of Cd from cadmium-metallothionein (CdMT) was much less than
      from CdCl2, but CdMT was about seven times more toxic than CdCl2 when added to
      the renal cell culture. The cytotoxicity of CdCl2 was decreased significantly
      with pretreatment of the cells with CdCl2, although this had no effect on the
      toxicity of CdMT. The cellular toxicity of CdMT occurred probably during the
      process of its transport across the plasma membrane whereas that of CdCl2
      occurred after it had entered the cell. Thus rat kidney epithelial cells may be a
      useful tool to study the mechanism of renal toxicity of environmental chemicals
      and drugs.

PMID- 4044470
TI  - The growth and morphology of FRTL-5 thyroid epithelial cells grown as
      multicellular spheroids in vitro.
AB  - FRTL-5 cells, a diploid line of differentiated rat thyroid epithelial cells, have
      been grown as multicellular spheroids in spinner culture. Spheroids were
      initiated by seeding FRTL-5 cells either into Lab-Tek dishes or culture flasks
      with a 0.5% agar base. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH, greater than 1.0 mU/ml)
      was required for initial cell aggregation and spheroid growth. After 1 wk
      cellular aggregates were transferred to suspension culture in spinner flasks. As
      with FRTL-5 monolayer cultures, continued spheroid growth required the addition
      of TSH to the culture medium. The most unique characteristic of the FRTL-5
      spheroids was the development of central lumina similar to thyroid follicles in
      vivo. Follicular structures were absent from spheroids not stimulated with TSH.
      In the presence of TSH epithelial cells seem metabolically active with
      morphological evidence of biosynthesis of thyroglobulin-like material and basal
      laminar-like components. In contrast, all evidence of cellular metabolic activity
      is absent from cells in spheroids maintained in the absence of TSH. Thus,
      nontransformed FRTL-5 cells grown as three-dimensional multicellular spheroids
      responded to hormonal manipulation in a manner comparable to follicular
      epithelial cells in vivo. This spheroid model might therefore prove to be a very
      effective tool for investigating aspects of thyroid physiology and pathology in
      vitro.

PMID- 4044471
TI  - Studies on oxygen and volume restrictions in cultured cardiac cells. I. A model
      for ischemia and anoxia with a new approach.
AB  - A novel incubation unit is described that is highly suitable for thorough studies
      of oxygen deprivation states. Its application with cultured heart cells is
      experimentally demonstrated. The release of enzymes, taken as a marker for cell
      damage, has clearly shown that restriction of the volume of extracellular medium
      combined with oxygen plus glucose deprivation caused greatest cellular damage. It
      may be considered as an experimental ischemia-like state. Furthermore, the onset
      of cellular damage followed a time table very much like that occurring in vivo
      under similar conditions, more so than any other previously described studies. A
      time lag between the release of cytoplasmic enzymes and lysosomal enzymes and
      other observations made in the present study suggests a sequential order of
      events in which the release of cytoplasmic enzymes occurs at a stage of
      reversible damage due to oxygen deprivation, whereas the release of lysosomal
      enzymes may point at irreparable damage.

PMID- 4044472
TI  - The effects of acute gastric distension on the pulmonary functions of asthmatic
      subjects: a preliminary study.

PMID- 4044473
TI  - Evaluation of a sustained-release theophylline tablet in young asthmatics.
AB  - A sustained-release theophylline (SRT) tablet was evaluated in 15 children with
      moderately severe asthma between the ages of 3 and 5 years (4.2 +/- 0.83 years).
      They received a mean daily dose of 20.4 mg/kg given q12h for 3 or more weeks with
      daily symptom scores and twice daily peak flow rates (PFR) measured. Serum
      theophylline levels (STL) were then obtained at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hr
      (eight children had 24-hr samples obtained), along with PFRs every 3 hr. The mean
      peak STL (x +/- SD) was 16.6 +/- 4.4 and the trough was 5.9 +/- 2.8, with a peak
      trough difference of 10.6 +/- 3.9. The average time to peak level was 3.9 hr. The
      mean +/- SD clearance was 1.42 +/- 0.63 ml/kg per min and the apparent T1/2 was
      5.11 +/- 1.34 hr. The average weekly morning PFR for the 3-week period ranged
      from 116.8 +/- 41.2 to 127.4 +/- 37.4 L/min, and the evening PFT ranged from
      126.5 +/- 38.4 to 137.0 +/- 40.9 L/min. In conclusion, the SRT tablet is
      effective in treating many young asthmatics on a 12-hr dosage schedule. For some
      children who experience excessive peak-trough differences, an 8-hr dosage
      schedule may be indicated.

PMID- 4044474
TI  - Amplified bronchoconstrictive oscillations in experimental asthma.

PMID- 4044475
TI  - Provocative ophthalmic and nasal testing as contrasted with skin tests in
      clinical allergy.

PMID- 4044476
TI  - Outcome of aggressive induction therapy in acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia.

PMID- 4044477
TI  - Treatment of tapeworm infestation by coconut (Co-cos-nucifera) preparations.

PMID- 4044478
TI  - Multi-infarct dementia: a clinicopathological correlation.

PMID- 4044479
TI  - Hepatitis B in a haemodialysis unit in New Delhi.

PMID- 4044480
TI  - A trial of glucagon in fulminant hepatitis.

PMID- 4044481
TI  - Influence of piperine on rifampicin blood levels in patients of pulmonary
      tuberculosis.

PMID- 4044482
TI  - Esophageal electrocardiography.

PMID- 4044483
TI  - A rare muscle disorder.

PMID- 4044484
TI  - Basilar artery migraine.

PMID- 4044485
TI  - Co-existing prolactinoma with primary empty sella.

PMID- 4044486
TI  - Uncommon association--pre-senile cataract with scleroderma.

PMID- 4044487
TI  - Pleuro-pericardial fistula.

PMID- 4044488
TI  - Higher liver copper concentration: a possible cause of poor hepatocytic
      regeneration and prognosis in Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC)

PMID- 4044489
TI  - Phenformin-associated lactic acidosis.

PMID- 4044490
TI  - Drip method in empyema thoracis.

PMID- 4044491
TI  - Bromhexine and COPD.

PMID- 4044492
TI  - Atropine induced ventricular fibrillation in a case of diazinon poisoning.

PMID- 4044493
TI  - Autonomic dysfunction in uremia.

PMID- 4044494
TI  - Presidential address. Iron deficiency--a cause of high prevalence of beta
      thalassemia in India?

PMID- 4044495
TI  - Autonomic function tests in patients with chronic renal failure.

PMID- 4044496
TI  - Pulmonary sarcoidosis.

PMID- 4044497
TI  - Congestive cardiomyopathy in non-specific aortoarteritis.

PMID- 4044498
TI  - Reversibility of diabetic bladder dysfunction with early and good control.

PMID- 4044499
TI  - Motor nerve conduction velocities amongst healthy subjects.

PMID- 4044500
TI  - Criteria of death.

PMID- 4044501
TI  - Prolonged QT and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in two families with 10 sudden
      deaths.

PMID- 4044502
TI  - Blind percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in intra or extra hepatic
      cholestasis.

PMID- 4044503
TI  - Anti-thrombin III activity in cerebrovascular accidents.

PMID- 4044504
TI  - CSF LDH and its isoenzymes in tubercular and pyogenic meningitis.

PMID- 4044505
TI  - Type A behaviour and coronary heart disease: a preliminary study in Indian
      patients.

PMID- 4044507
TI  - Mixed acid-base disorders.

PMID- 4044506
TI  - Treatment of epilepsy in women of childbearing age.

PMID- 4044508
TI  - Varicella--zoster involving multiple cranial nerves with meningo-encephalitis.

PMID- 4044509
TI  - Cooking fuels and chronic respiratory disease.

PMID- 4044510
TI  - Subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis.

PMID- 4044511
TI  - Comparison of counterimmunoelectrophoresis with indirect haemagglutination in the
      diagnosis of amoebiasis.

PMID- 4044512
TI  - Primary oxalosis.

PMID- 4044513
TI  - Lipoid necrosis of the breast.

PMID- 4044514
TI  - Inadvertent puncture of a syringohydromyelia cavity after C1-C2 latero-cervical
      approach.

PMID- 4044515
TI  - Association of a pulmonary varix with a bronchiectasis of the right lung.

PMID- 4044516
TI  - [Deep abscess formation around the duodenal stump with fistula formation and
      superficial wall abscess 7 years after gastrectomy].

PMID- 4044517
TI  - Role for 2-linked-beta-D-glucan in the virulence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
AB  - Phenol-water cell extracts of virulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens A348 and several
      avirulent mutants with a reduced ability to attach to plant surfaces were
      examined. A low-molecular-weight 2-linked-beta-D-glucan was identified in the
      cell wall extracts of the virulent wild-type strain. Analyses of phenol-water
      extracts and culture filtrates of four mutant strains showed that the mutants did
      not produce any 2-linked-beta-D-glucan. When these mutants were complemented, the
      ability to produce the glucan described above was restored. These results suggest
      that there is a role for 2-linked-beta-D-glucans in the attachment of A.
      tumefaciens to plant cells. One avirulent, attachment-defective mutant retained
      its ability to produce the low-molecular-weight glucan. This mutation, however,
      mapped to a different transcriptional unit than the mutants deficient in the
      glucan described above. Thus, it appears that 2-linked-beta-D-glucan is only one
      component that may be necessary for attachment of A. tumefaciens to plant cell
      surfaces.

PMID- 4044518
TI  - Mechanism of ethanol inhibition of fermentation in Zymomonas mobilis CP4.
AB  - Accumulation of alcohol during fermentation is accompanied by a progressive
      decrease in the rate of sugar conversion to ethanol. In this study, we provided
      evidence that inhibition of fermentation by ethanol can be attributed to an
      indirect effect of ethanol on the enzymes of glycolysis involving the plasma
      membrane. Ethanol decreased the effectiveness of the plasma membrane as a
      semipermeable barrier, allowing leakage of essential cofactors and coenzymes.
      This leakage of cofactors and coenzymes, coupled with possible additional leakage
      of intermediary metabolites en route to ethanol formation, is sufficient to
      explain the inhibitory effects of ethanol on fermentation in Zymomonas mobilis.

PMID- 4044519
TI  - Procaryotic and eucaryotic traits of DNA methylation in spiroplasmas
      (mycoplasmas).
AB  - Differences in the type of base methylated (cytosine or adenine) and in the
      extent of methylation were detected by high-pressure liquid chromatography in the
      DNAs of five spiroplasmas. Nearest neighbor analysis and digestion by restriction
      enzyme isoschizomers also revealed differences in methylation sequence
      specificity. Whereas in Spiroplasma floricola and Spiroplasma sp. strain PPS-1 5
      methylcytosine was found on the 5' side of each of the four major bases, the
      cytosine in Spiroplasma apis DNA was methylated only when its 3' neighboring base
      was adenine or thymine. In Spiroplasma sp. strain MQ-1 over 95% of the methylated
      cytosine was in C-G sequences. Essentially all of the C-G sequences in the MQ-1
      DNA were methylated. Partially purified extracts of S. apis and Spiroplasma sp.
      strain MQ-1 were used to study substrate and sequence specificity of the
      methylase activity. Methylation by the MQ-1 enzyme was exclusively at C-G
      sequences, resembling in this respect eucaryotic DNA methylases. However, the MQ
      1 methylase differed from eucaryotic methylases by showing high activity on
      nonmethylated DNA duplexes, low activity with hemimethylated DNA duplexes, and no
      activity on single-stranded DNA.

PMID- 4044520
TI  - Localization of the immunity protein-reactive domain in unmodified and chemically
      modified COOH-terminal peptides of colicin E1.
AB  - The region of the colicin E1 polypeptide that interacts with immunity protein has
      been localized to a 168-residue COOH-terminal peptide. This is the length of a
      proteolytically generated peptide fragment of colicin E1 against which imm+
      function can be demonstrated in osmotically shocked cells. The role of particular
      amino acids of the COOH-terminal peptide in the expression of the immune
      phenotype was studied. Chemical modification showed that the two histidine
      residues (His 427 and His 440) and the single cysteine residue (Cys 505) present
      in the COOH-terminal peptide were not necessary for the colicin-immunity protein
      interaction. The immunity protein was localized in the cytoplasmic membrane
      fraction, consistent with previous work of others on the colicin Ia immunity
      protein and the prediction from the immunity protein amino acid sequence that it
      is a hydrophobic protein. The distribution of hydrophobic residues along the
      immunity polypeptide was calculated.

PMID- 4044521
TI  - Cell surface components of Streptococcus sanguis: relationship to aggregation,
      adherence, and hydrophobicity.
AB  - Cell surfaces of aggregation, adherence, and hydrophilic variants of
      Streptococcus sanguis were compared with cell surfaces of the parent strain with
      regard to their protein and antigenic constituents. Cell surface molecules were
      released by digestion with mutanolysin. Extraction with sodium dodecyl sulfate
      (SDS) urea, lithium diiodosalicylate, and boiling water did not solubilize any
      material which stained with AgNO3 in an SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      gel. The parent organism S. sanguis 12, which aggregates in saliva, adheres to
      saliva-coated hydroxyapatite and is hydrophobic, was found to possess a
      prominently staining 160,000 molecular weight (MW) protein. This protein was
      almost completely absent from strain 12na, a hydrophobic nonaggregating variant,
      and was completely absent from the hydrophilic nonaggregating strain 12L.
      Trypsinization of strain 12 resulted in the coincident loss of the 160,000-MW
      protein and the ability to aggregate in saliva. Trypsin treatment reduced but did
      not eliminate the hydrophobic character of the cells. Boiling destroyed their
      ability to aggregate, but did not alter their hydrophobicity. Cell wall digests
      of strain 12 contained a number of proteins which were absent from strains 12na
      and 12L. Mutanolysin digests of cell walls of the hydrophilic strains contained
      almost no material that was visible in a silver-stained SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis gel. Culture supernatants contained a number of proteins which
      were immunologically cross-reactive with cell surface proteins. The hydrophilic
      organisms released a number of 60,000- to 90,000-MW proteins not seen in culture
      supernatants from the parent strain.

PMID- 4044522
TI  - Selection and properties of phototaxis-deficient mutants of Halobacterium
      halobium.
AB  - A method for isolating phototaxis-deficient (Pho-) mutants of Halobacterium
      halobium was developed. The procedure makes use of a flashing repellent light to
      induce frequent reversals of swimming direction by responsive cells, thereby
      impeding their migration along a small capillary and resulting in a spatial
      separation of the parent population and a population enriched for Pho- cells. Two
      classes of Pho- mutants were obtained by this selection scheme: those which have
      lost the chemotactic response (Che-) as well as phototaxis sensitivity (general
      taxis mutants), and those which are defective in steps specific to phototaxis
      (photosignaling mutants). In the latter class, several retinal synthesis mutants
      were isolated, as well as a strain which fit the expected properties of a mutant
      lacking a functional photoreceptor protein. On the basis of spectroscopic and
      swimming behavior studies, the retinal-containing protein, slow-cycling or
      sensory rhodopsin (SR), was previously proposed to be a dual-function sensory
      receptor mediating both attractant and repellent photosensing. The receptor
      mutant Pho81 fulfills two predictions which provide direct genetic evidence for
      this proposal. The mutant has lost SR photoactivity as determined by
      spectroscopic measurements, and it has simultaneously lost both attractant and
      repellent phototaxis sensitivity. Comparison of [3H]retinal-labeled membrane
      proteins from the mutant and its SR-containing parent implicated a 25,000 Mr
      polypeptide as the chromophoric polypeptide of SR.

PMID- 4044523
TI  - Oxidation of protoporphyrinogen in the obligate anaerobe Desulfovibrio gigas.
AB  - The anaerobic oxidation of protoporphyrinogen to protoporphyrin was demonstrated
      in extracts of Desulfovibrio gigas. Protoporphyrin formation occurred in the
      presence of nitrite, hydroxylamine, sulfite, thiosulfate, ATP plus sulfate, NAD+,
      NADP+, flavin adenine dinucleotide, flavin mononucleotide, fumarate, 2,6
      dichlorophenol-indophenol, methyl viologen, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5
      diphenyltetrazolium bromide. With dialyzed cell extracts, highest activities were
      observed with sulfite, NAD+, and NADP+ as electron acceptors. The enzyme for
      protoporphyrinogen oxidation was localized in the membrane of D. gigas and
      displayed optimal activity at pH 7.3 and 28 degrees C.

PMID- 4044524
TI  - Molecular and genetic analysis of the transferred DNA regions of the root
      inducing plasmid of Agrobacterium rhizogenes.
AB  - The T-DNA regions of the root-inducing (Ri) plasmid pRiA4b of Agrobacterium
      rhizogenes were characterized. Two regions, designated TL-DNA and TR-DNA, were
      found to be integrated and stably maintained in the plant genome. The TL-DNA
      spanned a 15- to 20-kilobase region of pRiA4b and was separated from the TR-DNA
      region by at least 15 kilobases of nonintegrated plasmid DNA. The TR-DNA region
      also spanned a 15- to 20-kilobase region of pRiA4b and included a region of
      homology to the tms morphogenic loci of the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid of
      Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Eighteen deletions and 95 transposon insertions were
      generated in the T-DNA regions and tested for alterations in virulence.
      Insertions into four loci in the TL-DNA affected the morphology of root formation
      of Kalanchoe diagremontiana leaves and stems, but had no visible effects on other
      host plants. Insertions into two loci (tms-1 and tms-2) in the TR-DNA eliminated
      virulence symptoms on all plants tested, with the exception of K. diagremontiana
      stems, where sparse root formation occurred. Complementation experiments with Ri
      and Ti plasmid T-DNA mutations indicate that the tms genes of the two plasmids
      serve similar functions and suggest a functional relationship between one or more
      genes of the TL-DNA and the cytokinin synthesis locus tmr of the Ti plasmid.

PMID- 4044525
TI  - Morphological forms and viability of Campylobacter species studied by electron
      microscopy.
AB  - Electron microscopic studies of Campylobacter revealed that different
      morphological forms predominate at different parts of a colony. At the periphery,
      cells were almost all spirals, while in the center of the colony cells were
      mainly coccus shaped. Unusual ring-shaped cells, "donuts", were observed in the
      raised, peripheral region of the colony. Donut or ring forms have not previously
      been reported for Campylobacter organisms. Our data indicate that young or
      actively growing cells are mainly spiral shaped. Older cells undergo a
      degenerative change to coccoid forms. The donut shape appears to be an
      intermediate stage between spirals and cocci. Comparisons of plate counts of
      actively growing and inactive cells confirmed that coccoid cells are probably
      nonviable.

PMID- 4044526
TI  - recA is required in the induction of pectin lyase and carotovoricin in Erwinia
      carotovora subsp. carotovora.
AB  - Pectin lyase (PNL) and the bacteriocin carotovoricin (CTV) were induced in
      Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 71 by the DNA-damaging agents mitomycin C,
      nalidixic acid, and UV light. To determine whether the recA product was involved
      in the expression of these damage-inducible phenotypes, we cloned the E.
      carotovora subsp. carotovora recA+ gene, inactivated it by Tn5 insertion, and
      constructed an E. carotovora subsp. carotovora recA::Tn5 strain by gene
      replacement via homologous recombination. The RecA- strain was more sensitive to
      methyl methanesulfonate, nitroquinoline oxide, and UV light than its RecA+
      parent. The recA mutation did not affect the production of pectate lyase,
      polygalacturonase, cellulase, and protease or the ability to cause soft rot of
      potato tubers. With this mutant, unlike with the RecA+ parent strain, PNL and CTV
      were not induced by mitomycin C or detected in potato tuber tissue. The RecA+
      phenotype, including the inducibility of PNL and CTV, could, however, be restored
      in the mutant in trans by the recA+ gene from either E. carotovora subsp.
      carotovora or Escherichia coli. We conclude that, in E. carotovora subsp.
      carotovora, the recA product is required in the induction of PNL and CTV.

PMID- 4044527
TI  - Uracil-DNA glycosylase of thermophilic Thermothrix thiopara.
AB  - An activity which released free uracil from dUMP-containing DNA was purified
      approximately 1,700-fold from extracts of Thermothrix thiopara, the first such
      activity to be isolated from extremely thermophilic bacteria. The enzyme appeared
      homogeneous, according to the results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. It had a native molecular weight of 26,000 and existed as a
      monomer protein in water solution. The enzyme had an optimal activity at 70
      degrees C, between pH 7.5 and 9.0, and in the presence of 0.2% Triton X-100. It
      had no cofactor requirement and was not inhibited by EDTA, but it was sensitive
      to N-ethylmaleimide. The purified enzyme did not contain any nuclease that acted
      on native or depurinated DNA. The Arrhenius activation energy was 76 kJ/mol
      between 30 and 50 degrees C and 11 kJ/mol between 50 and 70 degrees C. The rate
      of heat inactivation of the enzyme followed first-order kinetics with a half-life
      of 2 min at 70 degrees C. Ammonium sulfate and bovine serum albumin protected the
      enzyme from heat inactivation. One T. thiopara cell contains enough activity to
      release about 2 X 10(8) uracil residues from DNA during one generation time at 70
      degrees C.

PMID- 4044528
TI  - Genetic analysis of erythromycin production in Streptomyces erythreus.
AB  - Streptomyces erythreus produces the 14-membered macrolide antibiotic erythromycin
      A. The properties of erythromycin A nonproducing mutants and their genetic
      linkage to chromosomal markers were used to establish the rudiments of genetic
      organization of antibiotic production. Thirty-three Ery- mutants, produced by
      mutagenesis of S. erythreus NRRL 2338 and affecting the formation of the
      macrolactone and deoxysugar intermediates of erythromycin A biosynthesis, were
      classified into four phenotypically different groups based on their cosynthesis
      behavior, the type of biosynthetic intermediate accumulated, and their ability to
      biotransform known biochemical intermediates of erythromycin A. Demonstration of
      the occurrence of natural genetic recombination during conjugal mating in S.
      erythreus enabled comparison of the genetic linkage relationships of three
      different ery mutations with seven other markers on a simple chromosome map. This
      established a chromosomal location for the ery mutations, which appear to be
      located in at least two positions within one interval of the map.

PMID- 4044530
TI  - Polyethylene glycol-facilitated transformation of Bacteroides fragilis with
      plasmid DNA.
AB  - A method for the transformation of Bacteroides fragilis with plasmid DNA was
      developed by using the clindamycin resistance plasmid pBFTM10 as the source of
      transforming DNA. The method was technically simple to perform and resulted in an
      average of 4.2 X 10(3) transformants per microgram of pBFTM10 added. A method for
      the preparation of frozen competent cells is also described.

PMID- 4044529
TI  - Regions of broad-host-range plasmid RK2 involved in replication and stable
      maintenance in nine species of gram-negative bacteria.
AB  - The replication and maintenance properties of the broad-host-range plasmid RK2
      and its derivatives were examined in nine gram-negative bacterial species. Two
      regions of RK2, the origin of replication (oriV) and a segment that encodes for a
      replication protein (trfA delta kilD, designated trfA*), are sufficient for
      replication in all nine species tested. However, stable maintenance of this
      minimal replicon (less than 0.3% loss per generation under nonselection
      conditions) is observed only in Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
      Pseudomonas putida, and Azotobacter vinelandii. Maintenance of this minimal
      replicon is unstable in Rhizobium meliloti, Agrobacterium tumefaciens,
      Caulobacter crescentus, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Rhodopseudomonas
      sphaeroides. A maintenance function has been localized to a 3.1-kilobase (kb)
      region of RK2 encoding three previously described functions: korA (trfB korB1
      korD), incP1-(II), and korB. The 3.1-kb maintenance region can increase or
      decrease the stability of maintenance of RK2 derivatives dependent on the host
      species and the presence or absence of the RK2 origin of conjugal transfer
      (oriT). In the case of A. calcoaceticus, stable maintenance requires an RK2
      segment that includes the promoter and the kilD (kilB1) functions of the trfA
      operon in addition to the 3.1-kb maintenance region. The broad-host-range
      maintenance requirements of plasmid RK2, therefore, are encoded by multiple
      functions, and the requirement for one or more of these functions varies among
      gram-negative bacterial species.

PMID- 4044531
TI  - Accumulation of alpha,alpha-trehalose by Rhizobium bacteria and bacteroids.
AB  - Four strains of Rhizobium japonicum (61A76 and USDA 110, 123, and 138) were grown
      in eight different defined media. Regardless of the carbon or nitrogen source
      supplied, alpha, alpha-trehalose was the major carbohydrate (among mono- and
      disaccharides) accumulated by all four strains. After 7 to 9 days of growth,
      trehalose generally accounted for 90 to 100% of the mono- and disaccharides
      detected. None of the four strains would grow with trehalose as a carbon source,
      but the utilization of endogenous trehalose was demonstrated under carbon
      starvation conditions in water culture or when the carbon supply in a defined
      medium was exhausted. Under these conditions, a small amount of trehalose was
      lost from cells to the medium. In a survey of most of the serogroups of R.
      japonicum and several strains of other Rhizobium species, all strains tested were
      found to accumulate some trehalose. Trehalose concentrations varied widely; the
      highest concentration recorded was 41 micrograms/mg of dry weight. In all but six
      strains trehalose accounted for greater than 80% of the mono- and disaccharides
      in cells. Fast-growing strains of R. japonicum also accumulated small amounts
      trehalose. R. japonicum bacteroids also synthesized trehalose; the quantity in
      nodules varied in approximate correspondence to accumulation of trehalose by
      cultured bacteria. In young soybean nodules (29 days after planting), 45 to 80%
      of the trehalose was recovered in the cytosol. There were differences among R.
      japonicum strains in the retention of trehalose, and the proportion of trehalose
      retained by bacteroids increased with increasing plant age for all strains.

PMID- 4044532
TI  - Prediction of response to treatment in chronic pain patients.
AB  - A seven-item rating scale reported by researchers from the Mayo Clinic to have
      high validity in identifying chronic pain patients who would benefit from
      inpatient treatment was administered to an outpatient sample. Initial results did
      not replicate the previous findings; inclusion of four additional variables
      (disruption of a close relationship, altered body image, history of childhood
      illness, and history of abuse in childhood) produced results comparable to the
      Mayo study. This expanded screening test appears to be a useful method for
      selecting patients in a pain-management program and warrants further
      investigation.

PMID- 4044533
TI  - Bilateral sinusoidal ECT following poor response to five unilateral brief-pulse
      ECTs.
AB  - Of 31 depressed patients, 12 failed to respond to five unilateral brief-pulse
      ECTs. Eight of the 12 responded fully to bilateral sinusoidal ECT. In some
      patients, therapeutic outcome may be a function of the type of stimulus used.

PMID- 4044534
TI  - Thyroid indices in panic disorder.
AB  - Eighty-two patients suffering from panic attacks with or without phobias were
      examined for evidence of thyroid disease. None of the patients had abnormal total
      T4 or T3 resin uptake measurements, regardless of whether they were nonmedicated
      or treated with one of three antipanic drugs: alprazolam, phenelzine, or
      imipramine. A higher than expected incidence of undetectable TSH levels (22%
      overall) appeared in all groups. The clinical relevance of this finding is
      currently uncertain.

PMID- 4044535
TI  - Metrizamide myelography risk factors: a pseudopsychiatric case presentation.
AB  - A case of neurologic sequelae from intrathecal metrizamide is presented. The
      patient had a convulsion, became comatose, and transiently developed mutism and
      hemiparesis, with eventual full recovery. Metrizamide is generally safe, but side
      effects do occur, and they may require clinical attention and follow-up.

PMID- 4044536
TI  - Developmental manifestations in a boy with prepubertal bipolar disorder.
AB  - Bipolar affective disorder is not commonly reported in prepubertal children. This
      may be secondary to age-related variability in patterns of symptomatology, lack
      of appropriate diagnostic criteria, and/or confusion with other psychiatric
      disorders of childhood. A case of adult-type bipolar disorder in a prepubertal
      child is presented, with emphasis on developmental history, genetic influences,
      and response to pharmacologic intervention. Studies of children affected by, or
      at risk for, bipolar disorder are needed to identify biologic and developmental
      markers of this syndrome.

PMID- 4044537
TI  - Dose-related physostigmine-induced ventricular arrhythmia: case report.
AB  - Physostigmine, a centrally-acting cholinesterase inhibitor, has been shown to
      have potential as a treatment for primary degenerative dementia. In an experiment
      to test its effects, i.v. physostigmine caused the onset of unifocal premature
      contractions and runs of bigeminy in an 85-year-old man.

PMID- 4044538
TI  - Double suicides.

PMID- 4044539
TI  - Panic disorder and PTSD.

PMID- 4044541
TI  - Panic anxiety.

PMID- 4044540
TI  - Concurrent use of bromocriptine and fluphenazine.

PMID- 4044542
TI  - Clinical guidelines for the use of antidepressant drugs in geriatric patients.
AB  - This paper reviews the diagnosis and treatment of geriatric patients. Careful
      distinction between true depression and dysphoria or normal sadness and thoughts
      of death among elderly patients must be made. The dexamethasone suppression test
      is useful in such a distinction in older patients, although its usefulness in
      younger adults is less certain. The aging process alters the pharmacokinetics of
      cyclic antidepressants. In particular, metabolism is delayed so that accumulation
      in the blood stream occurs, leading to prolonged elimination half-life. Side
      effect patterns of the cyclic antidepressants suggest that secondary amines are
      less toxic as a group than tertiary amines, and thus may be preferred as the
      treatments of first choice. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are underutilized in the
      treatment of depressed older patients and should be considered, particularly when
      the depression includes symptoms of apathy and anergia. Special attention must be
      paid to the depressed elderly patient with cardiovascular disease or
      hypertension. Suggestions for treatment are provided.

PMID- 4044543
TI  - Changes of plasma membrane proteins during prespore differentiation in
      Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - By the use of a shake culture system, we have previously shown (Oyama, M.,
      Okamoto, K., & Takeuchi, I. (1982) J. Cell Sci. 56, 223-232) that both cAMP and
      cAMP-dependent cell contact are required for prespore differentiation in
      Dictyostelium discoideum. The present study was undertaken to examine changes of
      the plasma membrane proteins during prespore differentiation in the shake culture
      system. Rabbit antibodies prepared against the plasma membrane fraction of the
      differentiated cells inhibited the reaggregation of the differentiated cells but
      not that of aggregation-competent cells. This result indicates that new contact
      sites are formed in the differentiated cells. By the combined use of the antibody
      conjugated immuno-adsorbent with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, changes of membrane proteins were analyzed with the cells
      incubated under various conditions. Three proteins were found to be present
      specifically in the differentiated cells only in the presence of cAMP, one of
      which (105K protein) appeared when cells became adhesive, but before prespore
      specific proteins were detected. Two others (80K and 58K proteins) appeared
      during prespore differentiation after cells formed agglomerates.

PMID- 4044544
TI  - Biosynthesis of UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminuronic acid and UDP-N-acetyl-D
      mannosaminuronic acid in Micrococcus luteus.
AB  - The occurrence and formation of UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminuronic acid (UDP
      GlcNAcA) and UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosaminuronic acid (UDP-ManNAcA) were studied in
      Micrococcus luteus ATCC 4698. UDP-N-acetylhexosaminuronic acid separated from D
      cycloserine-inhibited cells was shown to be a mixture of UDP-GlcNAcA and UDP
      ManNAcA in the ratio of 87:13, whereas that obtained from untreated cells was a
      96:4 mixture of these two nucleotides. Crude enzyme preparations obtained from
      the supernatant fraction of cells catalyzed the NAD+-dependent conversion of UDP
      GlcNAc into UDP-GlcNAcA and UDP-ManNAcA. Studies on the partial separation and
      properties of enzymes revealed that UDP-GlcNAcA is synthesized directly from UDP
      GlcNAc by the action of UDP-GlcNAc dehydrogenase and that UDP-ManNAcA is
      synthesized from UDP-GlcNAc through the successive actions of UDP-GlcNAc 2
      epimerase and UDP-ManNAc dehydrogenase. However, enzymatic conversion of UDP
      GlcNAcA to UDP-ManNAcA was not detected. Ammonium sulfate protects both
      dehydrogenases from inactivation during storage and incubation. Partially
      purified UDP-GlcNAc dehydrogenase required dithiothreitol and the particulate
      fraction for its full activity. The apparent Km values of UDP-GlcNAc
      dehydrogenase for UDP-GlcNAc and NAD+ were 0.28 and 1.43 mM, respectively. The
      optimum pH of this enzyme was higher than 9 in Tris-HCl buffer. p
      Chloromercuribenzoate at 27 microM as well as 10 mM ethanol almost completely
      inhibited the UDP-GlcNAc dehydrogenase reaction.

PMID- 4044545
TI  - Sex difference in subunit composition of hepatic glutathione S-transferase in
      rats.
AB  - The activities of hepatic cytosolic glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) towards 1,2
      dichloro-4-nitrobenzene in male rats were higher than those in females, however,
      the enzyme activities towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene were not significantly
      different between the two sexes. SDS-PAGE analysis of GSTs purified from male and
      female rat hepatic cytosols by affinity column chromatography showed that there
      was a significant difference in the subunit composition between the two sexes.
      With regard to the several isozymes of GSTs in male and female rats, isozymes
      with basic and neutral/acidic isoelectric points were separated into seven
      molecular species by chromatofocusing. These sex differences in the quantitative
      proportions of GST isozymes were also confirmed by immunotitration using anti-GST
      BL and -AC antibodies. On the other hand, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)
      activities in rat hepatic cytosol towards hydrogen peroxide and cumene
      hydroperoxide were markedly higher in females than in males. Of the two types of
      GSH-Px, selenoenzyme (Se-GSH-Px) and the Se-independent enzyme (non-Se-GSH-Px),
      the former was found to be mainly responsible for the sex difference in the
      enzyme activities. Moreover, the GSH-Px activity of GSTs, non-Se-GSH-Px, was also
      higher in females than that in males. Since GST isozymes of the BL type are known
      to possess GSH-Px activity towards cumene hydroperoxide, the increased activities
      of non-Se-GSH-Px in the female hepatic cytosol seemed to be mainly due to the
      increased transferase activities of the isozymes, GST-L2 and -BL.

PMID- 4044546
TI  - Induction of intestinal ornithine decarboxylase by single amino acid feeding.
AB  - Intestinal and hepatic ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activities increased to a
      peak 4 h after administration of a diet containing casein or an amino acid
      mixture simulating that of casein to rats starved for 12 h. All amino acids
      except cysteine with a two or three carbon skeleton, including those with a D
      configuration, and alpha-amino-isobutyric acid (AIB) strongly induced intestinal
      ODC when given in the diet or administered intragastrically. Amino acids with a
      four carbon skeleton were far less effective as inducers and other amino acids
      did not induce intestinal ODC at all. The amino acids that induced hepatic ODC
      showed no particular structural characteristics: glycine and cysteine were very
      effective, threonine, tryptophan, methionine, and phenylalanine were less
      effective, and serine, valine, isoleucine, and histidine were only slightly
      effective. Elevation of ODC activity after amino acid administration was not due
      to stabilization of the enzyme protein with the amino acids. Intestinal ODC was
      induced by intragastric but not intraperitoneal injection of glycine, although
      these treatments resulted in similar increases in the tissue concentration of
      glycine. On the contrary, hepatic ODC was induced by glycine regardless of the
      administration route. Intestinal ODC was also induced only in the segment of the
      intestine perfused with a solution of an amino acid with which the activity
      increased in the feeding experiment. These results suggest that the accumulation
      of an amino acid per se is not a trigger for induction of intestinal ODC and that
      an amino acid must act on the mucosal surface to induce the enzyme.

PMID- 4044547
TI  - Studies on phospholipase A inhibitor in blood plasma. II. Interaction of
      phospholipase A inhibitor with phospholipase A and its specificity.
AB  - Non-competitive inhibition of snake venom phospholipase A2 which has been
      exhibited by bovine plasma phospholipase A inhibitor, a kind of lipoprotein, was
      not observed unless the inhibitor was preincubated with the enzyme. The
      inhibition seemed to be due to the formation of the enzyme-inhibitor complex,
      which was identified by immunoelectrophoresis. The enzyme-inhibitor interaction
      was observed maximally on incubation at physiological pH, but not below pH 5. The
      inhibitor was inactivated by trypsin digestion and heat treatment. It suppressed
      the phospholipase A2 activities of rat blood plasma as well as of the snake venom
      and porcine pancreas, but not the enzyme activities such as those of
      phospholipase C of Bacillus cereus, lipase of porcine pancreas, trypsin, and
      papain. The inhibitor also showed the ability to decrease membrane-bound
      phospholipase A1 and A2 activities in intracellular organelles such as plasma
      membranes, mitochondria, lysosomes, and microsomes. In view of these facts, it
      was concluded that the plasma inhibitor is specific for phospholipase A.

PMID- 4044548
TI  - Subunit structure and tRNA-binding properties of Bombyx mori Glycyl-tRNA
      synthetase.
AB  - Large amounts of glycyl-tRNA synthetase were purified from the posterior silk
      glands of Bombyx mori. The synthetase was estimated to be a dimer with a
      molecular weight of 180,000. When the enzyme solution was diluted, the dimer
      dissociated into monomers which were inactive in tRNA aminoacylation. The
      aminoacylation was investigated with two isoaccepting tRNAsGly isolated from the
      posterior silk glands. Transfer RNA1Gly was aminoacylated 2-fold faster than
      tRNA2Gly. Transfer RNA-binding experiments revealed that tRNA1Gly binds with the
      enzyme in a molar ratio of 2:1, whereas tRNA2Gly formed a 1:1 complex with the
      enzyme. Based on these experimental results, we proposed that the Bombyx mori
      glycyl-tRNA synthetase has two active sites for tRNA aminoacylation and that the
      number of tRNA molecules bound on the synthetase closely correlates with the
      velocity of aminoacylation.

PMID- 4044549
TI  - Contents of myofibrillar proteins in cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscles.
AB  - The in situ contents of myosin, actin, alpha-actinin, tropomyosin, troponin,
      desmin were estimated in dog cardiac, rabbit skeletal, and chicken smooth
      muscles. Whole muscle tissues were dissolved with 8 M guanidine hydrochloride and
      subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, which is a nonequilibrium pH
      gradient electrophoresis (Murakami, U. & Uchida, K. (1984) J. Biochem. 95, 1577
      1584) with some modification. The amount of protein in a spot on a slab gel was
      determined by quantification of the extracted dye. Dye binding capacity of
      individual myofibrillar proteins was determined by using the purified protein.
      Myosin contents were 82 +/- 7 pmol/mg wet weight in cardiac muscle, 105 +/- 10
      pmol/mg wet weight in skeletal muscle, and 45 +/- 4 pmol/mg wet weight in smooth
      muscle. Actin contents were 339 +/- 15 pmol/mg wet weight in cardiac muscle, 625
      +/- 27 pmol/mg wet weight in skeletal muscle, and 742 +/- 13 pmol/mg wet weight
      in smooth muscle. The subunit stoichiometry of myosin in the three types of
      muscles was two heavy chains and four light chains, and there was one light chain
      2 for every heavy chain. The molar ratio of actin to tropomyosin was 7/1 in the
      three types of muscles. Striking differences were seen in the molar ratio of
      myosin to actin: 1.0/4.1 in cardiac muscle, 1.0/6.0 in skeletal muscle, and
      1.0/16.5 in smooth muscle.

PMID- 4044550
TI  - Purification of the most abundant protein in the coelomic fluid of a sea urchin
      which immunologically cross reacts with 23S glycoprotein in the sea urchin eggs.
AB  - The most abundant glycoprotein in the coelomic fluid of sea urchin Anthocidaris
      crassispina was purified and its subunit structure, molecular form in the native
      state, amino acid composition, and electron micrographic image were studied. The
      results showed that the protein in its native state was basically a tetramer with
      a total molecular weight of about 700,000, which was in equilibrium with a high
      molecular weight form corresponding to an octamer. The electron micrograph of the
      tetramer showed two ellipsoidal units aligned in parallel with a wide gap in
      between. The subunits all had the same molecular weight of 180,000 +/- 10,000 and
      were disulfide bonded in pairs. The carbohydrate content was about 16% with
      mannose and fucose as the two most abundant sugars. Although this protein
      accounted for 70% of the total protein in the coelomic fluid, it did not take
      part in the known activities of the fluid, namely hemagglutination and
      coagulation. Despite its structural similarity to the mammalian alpha-2
      macroglobulin or reptilian and avian ovomacroglobulins it did not interact with
      bovine trypsin or chymotrypsin. This protein showed immunological cross
      reactivity with 23S glycoprotein purified from sea urchin eggs which, we believe,
      corresponds to the previously described 22-27S protein particles in eggs.

PMID- 4044551
TI  - Reinvestigation of fractionation and some properties of the proteolytically
      active components of stem and fruit bromelains.
AB  - To check whether crude stem and fruit bromelains can be fractionated further or
      not, systematic separation procedures were applied to both enzymes. Six
      proteolytically active components, which were designated as SBB 1-5 and SBA, were
      fractionated from crude stem bromelain by successive use of gel filtration on
      Sephadex G-75, and chromatographies on CM-Sephadex and DEAE-Sephacel. One main
      and one minor active components, designated as FBA and FBB, respectively, were
      also separated from crude fruit bromelain by chromatographies on DEAE-Sephacel
      and then CM-Sephadex. Some of the physico-chemical and enzymatic properties of
      these eight components were compared. Each component migrated as a single band on
      SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Molecular weights determined by the same
      electrophoresis were about 27,000 for SBB 1-3 and FBB, and about 23,000 for the
      other four components. In terms of amino acid composition, FBB resembled SBB 1-3,
      which were remarkably similar to each other. FBA was also similar to SBA in amino
      acid composition, and contained much less basic amino acids than SBB 1 through 5.
      The principal amino-terminal residues determined by the cyanate method were
      valine in SBB 1-5 and SBA, and alanine in FBA and FBB. The principal carboxyl
      terminal residues determined by the hydrazinolysis method were glycine in SBB 1
      3, SBA and FBA, and serine in SBB 4-5 and FBB. However, fractional amounts of a
      few other amino- and carboxyl-terminal residues were also detected. As regards
      enzymatic activities, FBA and SBB 4 and 5 were much more active than the other
      five components against casein and some synthetic substrates [Bz-Arg-amide (at pH
      6.1), Z-Gly-X, and Z-Ala-X (at pH 3.5)] with the notable exception that FBA was
      much less active than SBB 4 and 5 toward tripeptides (X-Gly-Gly).

PMID- 4044552
TI  - Limited proteolysis of a chemically modified third component of human complement,
      C3, by cathepsin G of human leukocytes.
AB  - We have investigated the limited proteolysis of the third component of
      complement, C3, by a human leukocyte protease, cathepsin G, by using a chemically
      modified C3, which was prepared by treatment of C3 with methylamine and a
      fluorescent thiol reagent, N-(dimethylamino-4-methylcoumarinyl)-maleimide (DACM)
      and was thus named DACM-C3me. Although native C3 was hardly cleaved by cathepsin
      G, DACM-C3me was cleaved by cathepsin G into three major fragments, which were
      termed C3c-G (150,000 daltons, 150 kd), C3d-G (25 kd), and C3a-G (10 kd). C3c-G
      was composed of four disulfide-linked polypeptide chains of 75 kd, 35 kd, and two
      25 kd. C3d-G and C3a-G were single-chain fragments derived from the alpha chain.
      The N-terminal sequence of C3d-G was determined as Thr-Glu-Asp-Ala-Val-,
      suggesting that cathepsin G released C3d-G by cleaving a Met-Thr peptide bond
      which is located at 19 residues toward the N-terminal from the cysteinyl residue
      forming an internal thiolester linkage in native C3. C3d-G, like C3d-K (a C3d
      fragment produced by the action of plasma kallikrein), was found to have
      bioactivities such as leukocytosis-inducing and immunosuppressive activities.

PMID- 4044553
TI  - Purification and physical chemical characterization of 23S glycoprotein from sea
      urchin (Anthocidaris crassispina) eggs.
AB  - A large glycoprotein with a sedimentation coefficient, S(0)20,w, of 23.3S was
      purified to homogeneity from sea urchin eggs (Anthocidaris crassispina) by gel
      filtration on Sepharose CL-4B and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose.
      The molecular weight of the protein was 700,000 as determined by sedimentation
      equilibrium. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulfate
      (SDS) it showed a single band with an apparent molecular weight of 180,000 or
      360,000 in the presence or absence of 2-mercaptoethanol, respectively. The
      protein consisted of four polypeptides of equal molecular weight, which were
      disulfide bonded in pairs. Its carbohydrate content as determined by the phenol
      sulfuric acid method was 20% of the total weight. The amino acid and carbohydrate
      compositions, circular dichroic spectrum and electron microscopic image are also
      presented. The protein showed many structural similarities with the previously
      purified major glycoprotein (MCP) in the coelomic fluid of the same animal in
      addition to being immunologically cross reactive with it. However, the two
      proteins were distinct glycoproteins. Their biological functions have not been
      identified.

PMID- 4044554
TI  - Synthesis of aldosterone by a reconstituted system of cytochrome P-45011 beta
      from bovine adrenocortical mitochondria.
AB  - When corticosterone was incubated with cytochrome P-45011 beta purified from
      bovine adrenocortical mitochondria in the presence of adrenodoxin, NADPH
      adrenodoxin reductase and an NADPH generating system, aldosterone as well as 18
      hydroxycorticosterone were formed with turnover numbers of 0.23 and 1.1
      nmol/min/nmol P-450, respectively. Phospholipids extracted from adrenocortical
      mitochondria remarkably enhanced the activity of aldosterone formation by the
      cytochrome P-45011 beta-reconstituted system. The apparent Km and turnover number
      were estimated to be 6.9 microM and 2.0 nmol/min/nmol P-450 for aldosterone
      formation in the presence of the lipidic extract. When 18-hydroxycorticosterone
      was tested as a substrate, cytochrome P-45011 beta showed catalytic activity for
      aldosterone synthesis with an apparent Km and turnover number of 325 microM and
      5.3 nmol/min/nmol P-450, respectively. Carbon monoxide and metyrapone inhibited
      the production of aldosterone from corticosterone and that from 18
      hydroxycorticosterone. These results suggest that conversion of corticosterone
      and of 18-hydroxycorticosterone to aldosterone occurs through P-45011 beta
      catalyzed reaction.

PMID- 4044555
TI  - A crystallographic investigation on NADPH-adrenodoxin oxidoreductase.
AB  - Single crystals of NADPH-adrenodoxin oxidoreductase were grown in 50 mM potassium
      phosphate (pH 7.4) containing 5% glycerol and ammonium sulfate. The crystals are
      monoclinic, belong to space group P21 and have dimensions of a= 83.4 A, b = 62.6
      A, c = 59.3 A, alpha = gamma = 90 degrees, and beta = 107.1 degrees. There is one
      molecule per asymmetric unit.

PMID- 4044556
TI  - Conformational change of troponin T induced by calcium binding to troponin C.
AB  - The skeletal muscle troponin complex, the troponin T subunit of which was labeled
      with 2-((4'-iodoacetamido)anilino)naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid, showed a
      fluorescence titration curve with a midpoint of around pCa 6.75. Addition of 2 mM
      MgCl2 had no effect on the fluorescence titration curve. Therefore, we conclude
      that Ca2+ binding to the low affinity Ca2+-binding sites of troponin C induces a
      conformational change of troponin T, but Ca2+ binding to the high affinity Ca2+
      binding sites does not.

PMID- 4044557
TI  - Direct analysis of lipids on thin layer plates by matrix-assisted secondary ion
      mass spectrometry.
AB  - A simple and rapid method for the analysis of lipids on a thin layer
      chromatography (TLC) plate by matrix-assisted secondary ion mass spectrometry (SI
      MS) is reported. Analysis was performed without elution of the sample from the
      TLC plate. Mass spectra obtained by this method are free from interference due to
      the TLC plate absorbent and reagents used for the detection of the spots. About 1
      micrograms of lipids applied on a TLC plate can be analyzed by this method. On
      scanning the plate, mass chromatograms of each lipid were obtained based on its
      migration distance along the plate.

PMID- 4044558
TI  - The occurrence of glycosphingolipids containing mannose in the sea-water bivalve,
      Meretrix lusoria (Hamaguri).
AB  - Total neutral and acidic glycosphingolipids were prepared from whole tissues of
      the sea-water bivalve, Meretrix lusoria, and the former preparation was further
      fractionated into subgroups by silicic acid column chromatography. The fractions
      obtained as mono-(ceramide monosaccharide, CMS), di-(CDS) and
      triglycosylceramides (CTS) were characterized by thin-layer chromatography,
      partial hydrolysis with exoglycosidases, methylation studies, CrO3 oxidation, and
      GLC analysis of the component sugars, fatty acids and long-chain bases. The
      following structures are proposed: Gal-Cer and Glc-Cer for CMS, Gal(beta 1---
      4)Glc-Cer and Man(beta 1----4)Glc-Cer (MlOse2Cer) for CDS, Man(alpha 1---
      3)Man(beta 1----4)Glc-Cer (MlOse3Cer) and Gal(alpha 1----3)Man(beta 1----4)Glc
      Cer (II3 alpha Gal-MlOse2Cer) for CTS. To our knowledge II3 alpha Gal-MlOse2Cer
      has not previously been reported. The fatty acid composition of CMS, CDS, and CTS
      consisted almost entirely of saturated C16-C24 acids with large amounts of 2
      hydroxypalmitic acid and 2-hydroxystearic acid. The long-chain bases consisted of
      4-sphingenine and 4,8-sphingadienine. More complex neutral glycolipids than CTS,
      as well as an acidic glycolipid, were examined by TLC and GLC of the constituent
      sugars, and an immunochemical technique.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4044559
TI  - Changes in phosphorylation of an F-actin capping protein of Physarum polycephalum
      during the cell cycle.
AB  - The Cap 42(b), a Ca2+-dependent F-actin capping phosphoprotein of 42,000 daltons,
      was shown to be localized in the cytosol of Physarum polycephalum by measurements
      of phosphorylatability in the absence of Ca2+. The phosphorylation of Cap 42(b)
      in the cytosol changed during the cell cycle: it was high in the S and G2 phase,
      and low in the M phase and boundary phase between S and G2 phase. When the
      isolated Cap 42(b) was added to M phase cytosol, the phosphorylation of Cap 42(b)
      was significantly increased by at least 6-fold. Compared with this result, about
      2-fold increase in the phosphorylation of Cap 42(b) was observed when the Cap
      42(b) kinase was added to M phase cytosol. Therefore, it is likely that the low
      level of Cap 42(b) phosphorylation in M phase cytosol is mostly due to the
      decreased amount of phosphorylatable Cap 42(b) and to a lesser extent due to a
      low level of the Cap 42(b) kinase activity.

PMID- 4044560
TI  - Purification and some properties of chalcone synthase from a carrot suspension
      culture induced for anthocyanin synthesis and preparation of its specific
      antiserum.
AB  - Chalcone synthase was purified to homogeneity by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis from cell suspension cultures of carrot in which anthocyanin
      synthesis was induced by transferring the cells from a medium containing 2,4
      dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D) to one lacking it. A molecular weight of
      80,000-85,000 for the enzyme was determined by gel filtration and disc-gel
      polyacrylamide electrophoresis, and one of about 40,600 for the subunit by SDS
      slab-gel electrophoresis. The primary reaction product was chalcone and the pH
      optimum of the reaction was 8.0. The Km values for 4-coumaroyl-CoA and malonyl
      CoA were 5.7 microM and 18 microM, respectively. These properties of carrot
      chalcone synthase were discussed in comparison to those of that from cell
      cultures of parsley reported previously. Antiserum against chalcone synthase from
      carrot was obtained from mice bred under specific pathogen free conditions.
      Crossreactivity was examined by Western-blotting, and the high specificity of the
      antiserum against chalcone synthase was demonstrated.

PMID- 4044561
TI  - Structural studies of phosvitin in solution and in the solid state.
AB  - Phosvitin, a highly phosphorylated glycoprotein, represents the major fraction of
      hen egg yolk phosphoproteins. Circular dichroism, Fourier transform infrared
      spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic and fluorescence
      spectroscopic methods were employed to determine the secondary structure of the
      protein in both the solid and solution phases. This was supplemented by a Chou
      Fasman type of predictive algorithm for the first 25 residues at the N terminus
      of the dephosphorylated protein. A three-compartment model consisting of alpha
      helical, beta-sheet, and beta-turn components with beta-turns occurring at the
      interface between alpha-helical and beta-sheet regions in the proximity of O
      phosphoserine residues is suggested from the combined analyses. Beta-sheets
      appear to be the dominant secondary structural component in phosvitin in the
      solid and solution phases. The suggested model bears many similarities to other
      phosphoproteins reported in the literature. The secondary structure of phosvitin
      is observed to be sensitive to environmental factors as previously reported
      although the present studies differ in some respects from earlier results.
      Preliminary results suggest that Ca2+ ions trigger a decrease in beta-sheet
      structure at pH 2.

PMID- 4044562
TI  - Conformational changes in aspartate aminotransferase. Effect of active site
      ligands on peptide hydrogen-deuterium exchange.
AB  - The conformational responses of aspartate aminotransferase (cytosolic isoenzyme
      from pig) to the binding of the coenzyme and competitive inhibitors and to the
      bond rearrangement steps during the transamination reaction were probed by the
      method of peptide hydrogen deuterium exchange. Binding of the coenzyme to the
      apoenzyme results in a marked retardation of hydrogen exchange; binding of the
      competitive inhibitor maleate to the pyridoxal enzyme induces a retardation of
      exchange somewhat exceeding that observed in the presence of the transaminating
      substrate pair glutamate and 2-oxoglutarate (Pfister, K., Kagi, J.H.R., and
      Christen, P. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 145-148). On formation of
      the complex of apoenzyme with N-(5'-phosphopyridoxyl)-L-glutamate or-L-aspartate,
      analogs of the covalent coenzyme substrate intermediates, a similar exchange
      retardation occurs. The extent of the exchange retardation in these different
      functional states of the enzyme correlates with previous results of differential
      chemical and proteolytic modifications. Apparently, the diverse methods register
      shifts in one and the same conformational equilibrium. Moreover, the conditions
      under which peptide hydrogen exchange indicates a pronounced tightening of the
      protein matrix correspond with those inducing crystallization of the enzyme in
      the "closed" form. Thus, the transition between the "open" and "closed" form of
      the enzyme, i.e. the bulk movement of the small domain, as observed and defined
      by x-ray crystallography (Kirsch, J. F., Eichele, G., Ford, G. C., Vincent, M.
      G., Jansonius, J. N., Gehring, H., and Christen, P. (1984) J. Mol. Biol. 174, 497
      525) is the major structural correlate of the conformational changes undergone by
      the enzyme in solution.

PMID- 4044563
TI  - The pH dependence of the thermodynamics of the interaction of diazepam with human
      serum albumin.
AB  - The heat effect associated with the binding of diazepam to human serum albumin
      has been measured from pH 5.5 to 9.5 using flow microcalorimetry. The number of
      protons released upon the binding of one molecule of diazepam to one molecule of
      albumin was determined from acid-base titration experiments. In addition, the
      heat associated with the combination of protons with serum albumin was measured
      calorimetrically. The results of the experiments using these two techniques were
      used to correct the measured heat of binding and to obtain what will be called
      here delta H0obs values. These delta H0obs values are strongly pH-dependent: up
      to pH 7.5 a value of -24.3 (+/- 0.5) kJ X mol-1 is found, whereas at pH 9.5 the
      value is -44.3 (+/- 1.2). This pH dependence is different from the pH dependence
      of the induced CD signal of the albumin-diazepam complex. A model is presented in
      which the pH dependence of delta H0obs is explained. This model takes into
      account the N-B (neutral to base) conformational change in albumin around neutral
      pH. Parameters in this model are KN and KB (representing the affinity of diazepam
      for albumin in the N and B conformation, respectively), delta H0N and delta H0B
      which are the corresponding standard enthalpy changes, f which represents the
      fraction of protein in the B conformation, and delta H0(N-B) which represents the
      heat associated with the N-B transition.

PMID- 4044564
TI  - Signal transduction and ligand-receptor dynamics in the neutrophil. Ca2+
      modulation and restoration.
AB  - Intracellular Ca2+ rises when neutrophils are stimulated with formyl peptide
      ligands. There is enough Ca2+ released to complex approximately 200 microM Quin
      2, (220 +/- 90 microM, 7 donors). This result is interpreted in terms of a fixed
      storage pool of Ca2+ of 44 pmol/10(6) cells. When extracellular Ca2+ is removed
      from the medium with 5 mM EGTA (final pH 7.4) just prior to cell stimulation,
      neither the magnitude nor the early time course of the Quin 2 response to formyl
      peptide is dramatically influenced. This result supports the concept that neither
      Ca2+ influx nor efflux, which are elevated in stimulated cells, contributes in a
      major way to the free Ca2+ pool which is monitored by Quin 2 during the early
      activation phase of cell responses. We have used intracellular Quin 2, and
      extracellular Ca2+ without the use of EGTA or ionophores to manipulate the levels
      of intracellular Ca2+. This is accomplished by depleting cells of intracellular
      Ca2+ by loading with Quin 2 in the absence of Ca2+. Intracellular Ca2+ is
      modulated by adding back Ca2+ to the medium. Using simultaneous analyses of cell
      function and Quin 2 fluorescence, we find that at least two aspects of cellular
      responsiveness (degranulation and O2- production) depend upon the level of
      available Ca2+. In contrast, the first phase, at least, of a biphasic rapid light
      scattering response which is related to actin polymerization is independent of
      Ca2+. We find that the Ca2+- sensitive cell responses can be partially restored
      in Ca2+-depleted cells if Ca2+ is provided within 30 s, a period which may
      reflect the putative lifetime of the transiently active ligand-receptor complex.

PMID- 4044566
TI  - Amino acid sequence of polypeptide chain IIB of extracellular hemoglobin from the
      polychaete Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus.
AB  - The giant extracellular hemoglobin from the polychaete Tylorrhynchus
      heterochaetus consists of two types of subunits: a "monomeric" chain (chain I)
      and a disulfide-bonded trimer of chains IIA, IIB, and IIC. The complete amino
      acid sequence of chain IIB was determined. This chain has 148 amino acid residues
      and a molecular weight of 17,236 including a heme group. Of the residues in chain
      IIB, 74 (50%) and 34 (30%) were found to be identical with those in the
      corresponding positions in Tylorrhynchus chains IIC and I, respectively (Suzuki,
      T., Furukohri, T., and Gotoh, T. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 3145-3154). Marked
      differences were found between the chains of Tylorrhynchus and Lumbricus in the
      COOH-terminal regions. Significant differences were predicted between the
      monomeric chain I and the "trimeric" chains (IIB and IIC) in the hydropathy
      profiles and alpha-helical contents.

PMID- 4044565
TI  - Characterization of the rat retinol-binding protein gene and its comparison to
      the three-dimensional structure of the protein.
AB  - Rat genomic DNA fragments bearing the retinol-binding protein (RBP) gene have
      been isolated and characterized. The gene spans 6.9 kilobases and contains six
      exons. The five intervening sequences range in size from 78 base pairs to 4.4
      kilobase pairs with the first interrupting the 5' untranslated region. A
      comparison of the gene organization with the three-dimensional structure of RBP
      reveals that all translated exon transcripts closely correspond to discrete
      tertiary structural elements. Residues of the protein involved in the retinol
      binding are encoded by three separate exons. It has been proposed that the two
      regions displaying internal homology in the human RBP, both at the primary and
      tertiary structure levels, arose by a partial ancestral gene duplication. If such
      an event were involved, evidence for it at the nucleotide sequence and exon
      intron organization levels has been obscured.

PMID- 4044567
TI  - Subcellular location and properties of rat renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha
      hydroxylase.
AB  - The subcellular location and some properties of the rat kidney 25-hydroxyvitamin
      D3-1 alpha-hydroxylase are described. Enzyme activity can be measured as
      previously discussed (Tanaka, Y., and DeLuca, H.F. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
      U. S. A. 78, 196-199) using saturating substrate (25-hydroxyvitamin D3)
      concentrations. The reaction is linear with time for up to 30 min at a substrate
      concentration of 80 microM and 9-11 mg/ml mitochondrial protein. The enzyme,
      located in the mitochondria, requires molecular oxygen and a source of NADPH.
      Succinate supplies NADPH for 1 alpha-hydroxylation through reversal of electron
      transport and transhydrogenation as shown by inhibition with antimycin A and
      dinitrophenol. Malate supplies NADPH for the reaction via the mitochondrial malic
      enzyme or malate dehydrogenase and transhydrogenase as indicated by the lack of
      inhibition by antimycin A but inhibition with dinitrophenol. Metyrapone and
      carbon monoxide both inhibit 1 alpha-hydroxylation indicating the involvement of
      cytochrome P-450. Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, a lipid peroxidase inhibitor, has
      no effect on 1 alpha-hydroxylation.

PMID- 4044568
TI  - A study of the kinetic mechanism of elongation factor Ts.
AB  - Elongation factor Ts (EF-Ts) catalyzes the reaction EF-Tu X GDP + nucleotide
      diphosphate (NDP) reversible EF-Tu X NDP + GDP where NDP is GDP, IDP, GTP, or GMP
      X PCP. The EF-Ts-catalyzed exchange rates were measured at a series of
      concentrations of EF-Tu X [3H] GDP and free nucleotide. Plotting the rate data
      according to the Hanes method produced a series of lines intersecting on the
      ordinate, a characteristic of substituted enzyme mechanisms. GDP is a competitive
      inhibitor of IDP exchange, a result predicted for the substituted enzyme
      mechanism but inconsistent with ternary complex mechanisms that involve an
      intermediate complex containing EF-Ts and both substrates. The exchange of both
      GTP and the GTP analog GMP X PCP also follow the substituted enzyme mechanism.
      The maximal rates of exchange of GDP and GTP are the same, which indicates that
      the rates of dissociation of EF-Ts from EF-Tu X GDP and EF-Tu X GTP are the same.
      The steady-state maximal exchange rate is slower by a factor of 20 than the
      previously reported rate of dissociation of GDP from EF-Ts X EF-Tu. This is
      interpreted to mean that the rate-determining step in the exchange reaction is
      the dissociation of EF-Ts from EF-Tu X GDP.

PMID- 4044569
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a DNA primase from human mitochondria.
AB  - A family of enzymatic activities isolated from human mitochondria is capable of
      initiating DNA replication on single-stranded templates. The principal enzymes
      include at least a primase and DNA polymerase gamma and require that rNTPs as
      well as dNTPs be present in the reaction mixture. Poly(dC) and poly(dT), as well
      as M13 phage DNA, are excellent templates for the primase activity. A single
      stranded DNA containing the cloned origin of mitochondrial light-strand synthesis
      can be a more efficient template than M13 phage DNA alone. Primase and DNA
      polymerase activities were separated from each other by sedimentation in a
      glycerol density gradient. Using M13 phage DNA as template, these mitochondrial
      enzymes synthesize RNA primers that are 9 to 12 nucleotides in size and are
      covalently linked to nascent DNA. The formation of primers appears to be the rate
      limiting step in the replication process. Replication of M13 DNA is sensitive to
      N-ethylmaleimide and dideoxynucleoside triphosphates, but insensitive to
      rifampicin, alpha-amanitin, and aphidicolin.

PMID- 4044570
TI  - Studies on the adenylate kinase isozymes from the serum and erythrocyte of normal
      and Duchenne dystrophic patients. Isolation, physicochemical properties, and
      several comparisons with the Duchenne dystrophic aberrant enzyme.
AB  - Two species of adenylate kinase isozymes (ATP:AMP phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.4.3)
      from human Duchenne dystrophic serum were separated by Blue Sepharose CL-6B
      affinity column chromatography. One of these species was the "aberrant" adenylate
      kinase isozyme, found specifically in the Duchenne type of this disease (Hamada,
      M., Okuda, H., Oka, K., Watanabe, T., Ueda, K., Nojima, M., Kuby, S.A., Manship,
      M., Tyler, F., and Ziter, F. (1981) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 660, 227-237). The
      separated aberrant form possessed a molecular size of 98,000 (+/- 1,500), whereas
      the normal serum species of the enzyme was 87,000 (+/- 1,600) by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, by gel filtration, and by
      sedimentation equilibrium. The sedimentation coefficient of each species was
      found to be 5.8 S for the aberrant form and 5.6 S for the normal form,
      respectively. The subunit size (Mr = 24,700) of the aberrant enzyme in 8 M urea
      proved to be very similar to that of the normal human liver enzyme (Hamada, M.,
      Sumida, M., Okuda, H., Watanabe, T., Nojima, M., and Kuby, S.A. (1982) J. Biol.
      Chem. 257, 13120-13128), and the normal species subunit (Mr = 21,700) was found
      to be very similar to that of the normal human muscle enzyme (Kuby, S.A.,
      Fleming, G., Frischat, A., Cress, M.C., and Hamada, M. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258,
      1901-1907). Both species were tetrameric enzymes in the serum. The amino acid
      composition for the normal species was similar to that for the muscle-type
      enzyme, and that for the aberrant species was similar to the liver enzyme, but
      with some notable exceptions in both cases. Thus, the normal species had no
      tryptophan and two half-cystine residues/subunit; whereas, there was 1 tryptophan
      and 4 half-cystine residues/subunit of the aberrant molecule. The amino acid
      composition of both serum isozymes when compared to their respective muscle or
      liver-type enzyme differed mainly in the content of Glu, Asp, His, Leu, Ile, Gly.
      Kinetic properties of the two forms of human serum adenylate kinase were studied
      at limiting concentrations of both ADP3- and MgADP- in the reverse reaction and
      of AMP2- and MgATP2- in the forward reaction. The type of reaction mechanism
      compatible with the data was a two-substrate random quasiequilibrium type of
      mechanism without independent binding of the substrates and with a rate-limiting
      step largely at the interconversion of the ternary complexes.

PMID- 4044571
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the multiple glutathione S-transferases from
      human liver. Evidence for unique heme-binding sites.
AB  - Thirteen forms of glutathione S-transferase were isolated from human liver in
      high yields by glutathione-affinity chromatography and chromatofocusing. Apparent
      isoelectric points ranged from 4.9 to 8.9 and included neutral forms. All 13
      forms appeared to be identical immunochemically in a quantitative enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay. These forms were immunochemically distinct from the major
      acidic glutathione S-transferase found in placenta and erythrocyte and were
      immunochemically distinct from two forms of higher molecular weight glutathione S
      transferase found in some but not all liver samples. The 13 forms exhibited
      similar activities with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitro-benzene as substrate, specific
      activities of 33-94 mumol/min/mg. Likewise, these forms all exhibited glutathione
      peroxidase activity with cumene hydroperoxide, specific activities of 1.5-8.3
      mumol/min/mg. All 13 forms bound bilirubin with subsequent conformational changes
      leading to states devoid of transferase activity, a process prevented by the
      presence of foreign proteins. As hematin-binding proteins, however, these
      multiple transferases exhibited a very broad range of binding extending from
      nonbinding to high-affinity binding (KD approximately 10(-8) M). Hematin binding
      was noncompetitive with transferase activity and did not involve the bilirubin
      binding site, suggesting the existence of unique heme-binding sites on these
      proteins. The two forms of the immunochemically distinct glutathione S
      transferases transferases found in some liver samples also exhibited both
      transferase and peroxidase activities. In addition, they also have separate sites
      for binding bilirubin and hematin.

PMID- 4044572
TI  - A comparison of the crystal structures of phospholipase A2 from bovine pancreas
      and Crotalus atrox venom.
AB  - The refined high resolution crystal structure of the bovine phospholipase A2 was
      compared with its counterpart from the venom of Crotalus atrox, the western
      diamondbacked rattlesnake. The strong similarity in their backbone conformations
      forms the basis of a common numbering system for the amino acid sequence. The
      three common major helices and much of the extended chain form a nearly identical
      "homologous core" structure. The variations in conformation usually arise from
      deletions/insertions or en bloc shifts of structural units. The exception to this
      is part of the highly conserved calcium-binding loop; however, this is to be
      expected as 1) there is no calcium ion sequestered in the venom dimer as there is
      in the case of the bovine enzyme and 2) two side chains in that segment form
      dimer-stabilizing interactions between the subunits of the C. atrox enzyme. The
      absolutely conserved catalytic network of hydrogen-bonded side chains formed by
      His 48, Tyr 52, Tyr 73, and Asp 99, as well as the hydrophobic wall that shields
      it, are virtually superimposable in the two structures. However, the details of
      the structural relationship between the amino terminus and the catalytic network
      differ in the two species and the ordered water molecules thought to be either
      functionally or structurally important in the pancreatic enzymes are not found in
      the crystal structure of the phospholipase A2 from C. atrox. The most striking
      difference from a functional standpoint is the fact that the surface depression
      in the region of the catalytic network that has been commonly considered the
      active site is shielded substantially in forming the intersubunit contact surface
      of the dimeric venom enzyme.

PMID- 4044573
TI  - 31P and 35Cl nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of anion transport in human
      erythrocytes.
AB  - The exchange of anions across the erythrocyte membrane has been studied using 31P
      nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to monitor inorganic phosphate influx and 35Cl
      NMR to monitor chloride ion efflux. The 31P NMR resonances for intracellular Pi
      and extracellular Pi could be observed separately by adjusting the initial
      extracellular pH to 6.4, while the intracellular pH was 7.3. The 35Cl NMR
      resonance for intracellular Cl- was so broad as to be virtually undetectable
      (line width greater than 200 Hz), while that of extracellular Cl-is relatively
      narrow (line width of about 30 Hz). The transports of Pi and Cl-were both totally
      inhibited by 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate, a potent inhibitor of
      the band 3 protein. Since the 31P resonance of Pi varies with pH, intra- and
      extracellular pH changes could also be determined during anion transport. The
      extracellular pH rose and intracellular pH fell during anion transport,
      consistent with the protonated monoanionic H2PO4-form of Pi being transported
      into the erythrocyte rather than the deprotonated dianionic HPO24-form. The rates
      of Cl-efflux and Pi influx were determined quantitatively and were found to be in
      close agreement with values determined by isotope measurements. The Cl-efflux was
      found to coincide with the influx of the monoanionic H2PO4-form of Pi.

PMID- 4044574
TI  - 19F nuclear magnetic resonance studies of fluorotyrosine-labeled aspartate
      transcarbamoylase. Properties of the enzyme and its catalytic and regulatory
      subunits.
AB  - Aspartate transcarbamoylase labeled with 3-fluorotyrosine was purified from an
      Escherichia coli strain which was auxotrophic for tyrosine and overproduced
      aspartate transcarbamoylase upon uracil starvation. The labeled enzyme in which
      about 85% of the tyrosines were replaced by fluorotyrosine exhibited high enzyme
      activity that varied in a sigmoidal manner with respect to the aspartate
      concentration. Also, the labeled enzyme was inhibited by CTP, activated by ATP,
      and exhibited a 2.6% decrease in sedimentation coefficient upon the addition of
      the active-site ligand, N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate. Thus, despite extensive
      replacement of tyrosines by fluorotyrosine, the modified enzyme was similar to
      native aspartate transcarbamoylase. The 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum
      of isolated regulatory subunits labeled with fluorotyrosine consisted of a single
      peak. Addition of the activator, ATP, or the inhibitor, CTP, caused a loss of
      intensity at about 61.3 ppm upfield from a trifluoroacetic acid reference and an
      increase at about 61.5 ppm, but CTP also caused an increase at about 61.0 ppm.
      Five overlapping resonances were observed in the 19F NMR spectrum of unliganded
      catalytic subunits containing fluorotyrosine. Although the binding of the
      bisubstrate analog, N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate, or the combination of
      carbamoylphosphate and succinate caused similar disappearances of resonances, the
      addition of N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate caused the appearance of resonances
      not observed with carbamoylphosphate plus succinate. Carbamoylphosphate alone
      perturbed three or four resonances and the subsequent addition of succinate
      affected at least two.

PMID- 4044575
TI  - 19F nuclear magnetic resonance studies of communication between catalytic and
      regulatory subunits in aspartate transcarbamoylase.
AB  - 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to study
      "communication" between the catalytic and regulatory subunits in aspartate
      transcarbamoylase of Escherichia coli. Hybrid enzymes composed of fluorotyrosine
      labeled regulatory subunits and native catalytic subunits or of native regulatory
      subunits and fluorotyrosine-labeled catalytic subunits were constructed and shown
      to have the allosteric kinetic properties of native enzyme. These hybrids
      exhibited the ligand-promoted "global" conformational changes characteristic of
      native aspartate transcarbamoylase and alterations in the NMR spectrum when
      ligands bind to the active site. The NMR difference spectrum caused by the
      binding of the bisubstrate analog N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate to the hybrid
      containing 19F-labeled regulatory chains consisted of two troughs and a peak,
      suggesting that two tyrosines in the regulatory polypeptide chains were affected
      by the binding of ligand to the catalytic subunits. The increase in magnitude of
      the peak appeared to depend directly on the fractional saturation of the active
      sites. A peak with two distinct shoulders was observed in the 19F NMR spectrum of
      the hybrid containing fluorotyrosine in the catalytic chains when it was
      saturated with the ligand, whereas the spectrum for the unliganded enzyme
      consisted of a single peak. The NMR difference spectrum showed that the
      bisubstrate ligand perturbed at least two resonances, and these changes appeared
      to be tightly linked to the binding of the ligand.

PMID- 4044576
TI  - Resonance Raman spectroscopy of pyridoxal Schiff bases.
AB  - Resonance Raman (RR) spectra are reported for amino acid and amine adducts of
      pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and 5'-deoxypyridoxal (5'-dPL) in aqueous solution.
      For the valine adducts, a detailed study has been carried out on solutions at pH
      and pD 5, 9, and 13, values at which the pyridine and imine protons are
      successively ionized, and on the adducts formed from 15N-valine, alpha
      deuterovaline, and N-methyl-PLP. Good quality spectra were obtained, despite the
      strong fluorescence of pyridoxal Schiff bases, by adding KI as a quencher, and by
      exciting the molecules on the blue side of their absorption bands: 406.7 nm (cw
      Kr+ laser) for the pH 5 and 9 species (lambda max = 409 and 414 nm), and 354.7 nm
      (pulsed YAG laser, third harmonic) for the pH 13 species (lambda max = 360 nm). A
      prominent band at 1646 cm-1 is assigned to the imine C=N stretch via its 13 cm-1
      15N shift. A 12 cm-1 down-shift of the band in D2O confirms that the Schiff base
      linkage is protonated at pH 9. Deprotonation at pH 13 shifts VC = N from 1646 to
      1629 cm-1, values typical of conjugated Schiff bases. The strongest band in the
      spectrum, at 1338 cm-1, shifts to 1347 cm-1 upon pyridine protonation at pH 5,
      and is assigned to a ring mode with a large component of phenolate C-O stretch. A
      shoulder on its low-frequency side is assigned to the C4-C4' stretch. Large
      enhancements of these modes can be understood qualitatively in terms of the
      dominant resonance structures contributing to the ground and resonant excited
      states. A number of weaker bands are observed, and assigned to pyridine ring
      modes. These modes gain significantly in intensity, while the exocyclic modes
      diminish, when the spectra are excited at 266 nm (YAG laser, fourth harmonic) in
      resonance with ring-localized electronic transitions.

PMID- 4044577
TI  - Purification and characterization of S-phenacylglutathione reductase from rat
      liver.
AB  - An enzyme catalyzing the reduction of S-(2,4-dichlorophenacyl)glutathione to
      2',4'-dichloroacetophenone was purified to apparent homogeneity by ion exchange,
      gel filtration, and hydroxylapatite chromatography from rat hepatic cytosol. The
      molecular weight was 30,000-37,000. The enzyme is distinct from the glutathione S
      transferases, mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, and glyoxalase I. Substrate
      specificity studies showed that S-phenacylglutathiones are the preferred first
      substrates and that several thiols (glutathione, mercaptoethanol, L-cysteine, or
      cysteamine) serve as reducing substrates. The enzyme serves to convert toxic
      alpha-haloketones, which react rapidly and nonenzymatically with glutathione, to
      nontoxic alkyl ketones.

PMID- 4044578
TI  - Phorbol ester-induced phosphorylation of a transmembrane glycoprotein (GP 180) in
      human blood platelets.
AB  - In this study we have used (phorbol-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate) and its
      biologically inactive analogue, 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate), to
      investigate platelet protein phosphorylation with special emphasis on the
      properties of a membrane protein-cytoskeleton (transmembrane) complex during
      platelet activation. Our data indicate that phorbol-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13
      acetate (but not 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate) induces both a specific
      platelet shape change and the preferential phosphorylation of a 180-kDa protein
      (presumably due to the activation of protein kinase C on the cytoplasmic side of
      the membrane). Further analysis reveals that the 180-kDa protein can be iodinated
      by lactoperoxidase and is sensitive to trypsin treatment, indicating exposure of
      this protein on the outer cell surface. The 180-kDa protein has also been found
      to contain wheat germ agglutinin-binding sites. All evidence indicates that the
      180-kDa polypeptide is a transmembrane glycoprotein and, most importantly, that
      this protein is found to be preferentially accumulated into a specific membrane
      cytoskeleton complex during activation via phorbol-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13
      acetate treatment. We believe that the observed phosphorylation of this protein
      may be closely related to the formation of a complex between several membrane
      proteins and the cytoskeleton during the initial stages of platelet activation.

PMID- 4044579
TI  - Alu RNA-protein complexes formed in vitro react with a novel lupus autoantibody.
AB  - We have screened sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus for
      reactivity with RNA transcribed in vitro using HeLa whole cell extracts. Sera
      from 14 out of 114 patients precipitated an RNA transcribed by RNA polymerase III
      from a plasmid containing an Alu family sequence (i.e. the repetitive DNA
      sequence that is cut by the Alu restriction enzyme) located upstream from the
      human gamma G-globin gene. These Alu transcripts were not precipitated by anti
      La, anti-Sm, anti-RNP or anti-Ro antibodies, suggesting that Alu RNA was
      precipitated by a previously undescribed lupus specificity. Analysis of
      [35S]methionine-labeled immunoprecipitates indicated that Alu RNA binds a protein
      of about 68 kDa. This protein may be Alu specific since three different Alu
      transcripts were precipitated by the anti-Alu sera whereas another RNA polymerase
      III transcript, adenovirus VA I RNA, was not precipitated by the same sera.

PMID- 4044580
TI  - Demonstration of transthyretin mRNA in the brain and other extrahepatic tissues
      in the rat.
AB  - Studies were conducted to ascertain if transthyretin mRNA was present in
      extrahepatic tissues of the rat. A trnasthyretin cDNA clone was isolated from a
      lambda gt11 human liver cDNA library by antibody screening and its identity was
      confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis. This transthyretin cDNA clone was used
      to survey poly(A+) RNA isolated from 12 different rat tissues for transthyretin
      mRNA by Northern blot analysis. The liver contained the highest level of
      transthyretin mRNA and this level was not altered by the vitamin A status of the
      rat. A significant amount of transthyretin mRNA was found in the brain (30% of
      the level of the liver) which was localized in specific regions of the brain. In
      addition, detectable levels of transthyretin mRNA (1% to 2% of that of the liver)
      were observed in the stomach, heart, skeletal muscle, and spleen. Translation of
      brain poly(A+) RNA in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and immunoprecipitation of the
      translation products with anti-transthyretin antiserum resulted in a protein band
      of the same size as liver pre-transthyretin. Liver pre-transthyretin was
      processed by the cotranslational addition of dog pancreas microsomal membranes to
      a protein that migrated coincidentally with monomeric serum transthyretin. These
      data suggest that transthyretin in the brain and the cerebrospinal fluid results
      from de novo synthesis and that transthyretin may play a significant
      physiological function, as yet unknown, within the nervous system.

PMID- 4044581
TI  - Reconstitution and purification of the sodium- and chloride-coupled gamma
      aminobutyric acid transporter from rat brain.
AB  - The sodium- and chloride-coupled gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter from rat
      brain has been highly purified. Synaptic plasma membranes from rat brain were
      extracted with cholate in the presence of 10% ammonium sulfate. The soluble
      extract was incorporated into liposomes consisting of asolectin and crude brain
      lipids. Brain lipids markedly enhanced the transport activity. The resulting
      proteoliposomes catalyzed sodium- and chloride-coupled gamma-aminobutyric acid
      transport which, in the presence of internal potassium, was greatly (up to 20
      fold) stimulated by valinomycin. Using this transport of the reconstituted system
      as an assay, the transporter was purified by the following steps. The cholate
      extract was fractionated by ammonium sulfate. The activity was not precipitated
      by 50% but could be precipitated by 70% ammonium sulfate. The cholate and
      ammonium sulfate were removed on a Sephadex G-50 column. Subsequently, the
      transporter was partially purified on DEAE-cellulose in a mixture of Triton X-100
      and octyl glucoside. The active fractions were chromatographed on a
      hydroxylapatite column in the presence of Triton X-100. Although the increase in
      specific activity was only up to 100-fold, this was due to partial inactivation.
      The actual purification was at least 1000-fold. The purified transporter
      exhibited the same features of the synaptic plasma membrane vesicles, namely
      dependence on sodium and chloride, electrogenicity, and a similar affinity. The
      sodium dodecyl sulfate gel pattern indicated that a major protein ran as a 24-kDa
      band. This band may represent the gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter.

PMID- 4044582
TI  - Differentiation and development of bundle sheath and mesophyll thylakoids in
      maize. Thylakoid polypeptide composition, phosphorylation, and organization of
      photosystem II.
AB  - Photosynthetic electron flow, polypeptide pattern, presence of chlorophyll
      protein complexes, and phosphorylation of thylakoid polypeptides have been
      investigated in differentiated mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (B) thylakoids of
      the C4 plant Zea mays. The polypeptide pattern of M thylakoids and their
      photosynthetic electron flow are comparable to those of other green plants. B
      thylakoids exhibit only photosystem I (PSI) activity, contain only traces of the
      PSII light harvesting (LHCII) polypeptide, do not bind [3H] diuron, and lack
      polypeptides of the water-oxidation complex of PSII and the herbicide binding 32
      kDa polypeptide, as detected by specific antibodies. However, B thylakoids
      possess a partially active PSII reaction center, as demonstrated by light
      dependent reduction of silicomolybdate with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC) as an
      electron donor, and the presence of the PSII reaction center polypeptides of 44
      47 kDa. Only one chlorophyll a-protein complex, corresponding to the PSI reaction
      center-core antenna, was detectable in B thylakoids, as opposed to chlorophyll a
      and chlorophyll a,b-protein complexes present in M thylakoids. The light
      dependent, membrane-bound kinase activity present in M thylakoids could not be
      detected in B thylakoids which, nevertheless, contain a protein kinase able to
      phosphorylate casein. A total of 19 differences between the electrophoretic
      pattern of B and M thylakoid polypeptides were observed. The mRNA coding for the
      LHCII polypeptide is primarily, if not exclusively, localized in M cells. The
      development of PSII complex precedes that of PSI during the differentiation of B
      and M chloroplasts in expanding leaves of light-grown plants and during the
      greening of dark-grown etiolated seedlings. The differentiation of the maize leaf
      into cells programmed to form B or M chloroplasts does not require light. In
      light-grown plants, the differentiation of B and M thylakoids occurred
      progressively from the base of the leaf and was completed at 4-5 cm from the leaf
      base.

PMID- 4044583
TI  - Chloroperoxidase-catalyzed halogenation of trans-cinnamic acid and its
      derivatives.
AB  - Several 2,3-unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as trans-cinnamic acid and its
      derivatives, were found to be halogenated by chloroperoxidase of Caldariomyces
      fumago in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and either Cl- or Br-. Cinnamic acid,
      4-hydroxycinnamic acid, 4-methoxycinnamic acid, and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid
      were suitable substrates of chloroperoxidase, and were converted to 2-halo-3
      hydroxycarboxylic acid, 2,3-dihydroxycarboxylic acid, decarboxylated halohydrin,
      or decarboxylated halocompound. However, 4-nitrocinnamic acid and 4
      chlorocinnamic acid having electron-attracting groups did not serve as a
      substrate of the enzyme. The enzyme also did not act on acrylic acid, acrylamide,
      crotonic acid, fumaric acid, etc. From these data, the enzymatic reactions of
      chloroperoxidase, concerning the substrate specificity, stereoselectivity, and
      the reaction mechanism, are discussed on the basis of current knowledge regarding
      the reaction mechanism of the enzyme. Also they are compared with the chemical
      reactions of molecular halogen and hypohalous acid.

PMID- 4044584
TI  - Identification of actin-binding protein as the protein linking the membrane
      skeleton to glycoproteins on platelet plasma membranes.
AB  - Platelets have previously been shown to contain a membrane skeleton that is
      composed of actin filaments, actin-binding protein, and three membrane
      glycoproteins (GP), GP Ib, GP Ia, and a minor glycoprotein of Mr = 250,000. The
      present study was designed to determine how the membrane glycoproteins were
      linked to actin filaments. Unstimulated platelets were lysed with Triton X-100,
      and the membrane skeleton was isolated on sucrose density gradients or by high
      speed centrifugation. The association of the membrane glycoproteins with the
      actin filaments was disrupted when actin-binding protein was hydrolyzed by
      activity of the Ca2+-dependent protease, which was active in platelet lysates
      upon addition of Ca2+ in the absence of leupeptin. Similarly, activation of the
      Ca2+-dependent protease in intact platelets by the addition of a platelet agonist
      also caused the membrane glycoproteins to dissociate from the membrane skeleton.
      Affinity-purified actin-binding protein antibodies immunoprecipitated the
      membrane glycoproteins from platelet lysates in which actin filaments had been
      removed by DNase I-induced depolymerization and high-speed centrifugation. These
      results demonstrate that actin-binding protein links actin filaments of the
      platelet membrane skeleton to three plasma membrane glycoproteins and that
      filaments are released from their attachment site when actin-binding protein is
      hydrolyzed by the Ca2+-dependent protease within intact platelets during platelet
      activation.

PMID- 4044585
TI  - Lysosomal degradation of ribonuclease A and ribonuclease S-protein microinjected
      into the cytosol of human fibroblasts.
AB  - We have analyzed the subcellular localization of 125I-labeled ribonuclease A and
      ribonuclease S-protein (residues 21-124) after erythrocyte-mediated
      microinjection into confluent cultures of IMR-90 human lung fibroblasts.
      Microinjected cells were fractionated by two consecutive Percoll gradients, and
      the distribution of radioactive ribonuclease A and S-protein was compared to
      patterns for known enzyme markers. Ribonuclease A is localized in the cytosol
      immediately after microinjection, but thereafter a portion of the microinjected
      enzyme is associated with lysosomes. We obtained similar results for ribonuclease
      S-protein except extensive association with a nonlysosomal intracellular
      structure is also evident. The effects of ammonium chloride on proteolysis
      indicate that ribonuclease A and ribonuclease S-protein are degraded at least in
      part by lysosomal pathways. Degradation of long-lived cellular proteins is
      inhibited by 17% in the presence of serum and by 35% in the absence of serum. The
      effects of ammonium chloride on catabolism of microinjected proteins are more
      variable. Inhibition in the presence and absence of serum ranged between 43 and
      64% for both ribonuclease A and ribonuclease S-protein. To quantitatively assess
      the role of lysosomal and cytosolic pathways in the degradation of microinjected
      proteins, we have tagged proteins with the inert trisaccharide, [3H] raffinose.
      The radioactive degradation products of such proteins are completely retained
      within lysosomes since the lysosomal membrane is impermeable to [3H] raffinose
      coupled to lysine or small peptides. These studies show that ribonuclease A and S
      protein are degraded almost entirely by lysosomes while bovine serum albumin is
      degraded principally in the cytosol. A mixture of rat liver cytosolic proteins is
      degraded approximately 60% in the cytosol and 40% by lysosomes confirming that
      both lysosomal and nonlysosomal pathways of proteolysis are important in
      confluent human fibroblasts.

PMID- 4044586
TI  - Purified immunotoxins that are reactive with human lymphoid cells. Monoclonal
      antibodies conjugated to the ribosome-inactivating proteins gelonin and the
      pokeweed antiviral proteins.
AB  - Seven different monoclonal antibodies of the IgG class that are reactive with
      four different antigens on human lymphoid cells were utilized to form
      immunotoxins with the ribosome-inactivating proteins gelonin and the three known
      pokeweed antiviral proteins. Thirteen different immunotoxin combinations were
      prepared. The ribosome-inactivating proteins were modified with 2-iminothiolane.
      The sulfhydryl groups so introduced were reacted with maleimido groups or with
      dithiopyridyl groups that had been introduced into the antibodies. The toxin
      antibody conjugates so formed were purified by affinity chromatography on protein
      A-Sepharose CL-4B, ion exchange chromatography, and by gel filtration and were
      characterized by polyacrylamide-dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The purified
      immunotoxins were free of nonconjugated monomeric proteins and aggregates of very
      high molecular weight. All the immunotoxins showed the specific binding of the
      component antibody as measured by indirect immunofluorescence binding assays. The
      activities of the ribosome-inactivating proteins were unaffected by conjugation
      where the cross-link to the antibody contained a disulfide bond and when assayed
      after reductive cleavage of the linker. Disulfide-linked immunotoxins with six of
      the antibodies were highly cytotoxic for the target cells. However, immunotoxins
      containing an anti-B1 antibody showed no cytotoxicity.

PMID- 4044587
TI  - Flash photolysis studies on the CO complexes of ferrous cytochrome P-450scc and
      cytochrome P-45011 beta. Effects of steroid binding on the photochemical and
      ligand binding properties.
AB  - Upon irradiation by a light flash (100-J), the carbon monoxide complex of
      cytochrome P-450scc was fully photodissociated in both the presence and absence
      of cholesterol, while less than 20% of the CO complex was photodissociable with
      those of deoxycorticosterone-bound and -free forms of cytochrome P-45011 beta.
      When the quantum yield of the reaction was measured for each photodissociable
      portion, the values were 0.5 and 1.0 for the substrate-free and -bound forms of
      cytochrome P-450scc, and 0.03 and 0.8 for the substrate-free and -bound forms of
      cytochrome P-45011 beta, respectively. Thus, CO complexes of these enzymes become
      more photosensitive upon binding with the specific substrates. Steroid binding
      also affected kinetic constants of reactions between the ferrous enzymes and CO.
      The rate constants for the CO recombination at 15 degrees C were 2.7 X 10(6) and
      2.3 X 10(5) M-1 s-1 for the substrate-free and -bound forms of cytochrome P
      450scc, and were 7.0 X 10(5) and 5.4 X 10(3) M-1 s-1 for the substrate-free and 
      bound forms of cytochrome P-45011 beta, respectively. The rate constants for the
      CO dissociation also decreased upon the steroid bindings. The products of the
      enzyme reactions, pregnenolone and corticosterone, had similar effects on the
      kinetic constants. From these findings, we postulate that the binding of a
      steroid to the substrate site of each enzyme alters the bonding character of CO
      with the heme-iron, thereby affecting both photochemical and kinetic properties
      of the CO complex. The nature of the photoindissociable portion of the CO complex
      of cytochrome P-45011 beta is also discussed.

PMID- 4044588
TI  - Studies on neutrophil b-type cytochrome in situ by low temperature absorption
      spectroscopy.
AB  - The b-type cytochrome in porcine neutrophils in situ was studied by the low
      temperature absorption spectroscopy at 77 K. Absolute spectra of the dithionite
      reduced cell suspension revealed the existence of a b-type cytochrome with alpha,
      beta, and Soret absorption maxima at 558, 528, and 426 nm, respectively. The
      alpha band was unsymmetrical and showed a main peak at 558 nm with a shoulder at
      around 556 nm. When the cells were anaerobically stimulated either by phorbol
      myristate acetate or arachidonate followed by reduction by dithionite, the alpha
      band split clearly into double peaks at 555.5 and 558 nm, suggesting the presence
      of at least two states or species of the b-type cytochrome(s) in the cell. By
      monitoring absolute spectra of neutrophils at 77 K, we examined the possibility
      of CO binding to the b-type cytochrome. The absorption spectra of reduced b-type
      cytochrome in the presence and absence of CO, however, were not distinguishable
      under various conditions including equilibration with CO under high pressure or
      CO treatments in a dark room or at pH 8.5, 7.0, or 5.5. In contrast, the spectra
      of the reduced cytochrome disappeared immediately after exposure to O2, whether
      or not the cells had been treated with CO. The results indicate that the
      cytochrome does not form a CO complex in situ but reacts with O2, either directly
      or indirectly.

PMID- 4044589
TI  - Effect of divalent metal ions and pH upon the binding reactivity of human serum
      amyloid P component, a C-reactive protein homologue, for zymosan. Preferential
      reactivity in the presence of copper and acidic pH.
AB  - The serum amyloid P component (SAP) has been found to associate in vitro with a
      variety of polysaccharide and proteinaceous ligands including the yeast cell wall
      polysaccharide preparation, zymosan, in the presence of calcium at neutral pH. In
      the present study, we have investigated the role of copper and zinc and other
      divalent cations and acidic pH on the binding of SAP to zymosan. We report that
      binding occurs not only in the presence of calcium, but in the presence of
      copper, zinc, and cadmium as well. No binding occurs in the absence of added
      metal, or in the presence of barium, cobalt, magnesium, manganese, or nickel.
      125I-SAP binding in the presence of metals is inhibited by presaturating the
      zymosan surface with unlabeled SAP. Whereas calcium-mediated binding decreases by
      more than 50% as the pH is lowered to 5, copper-mediated binding increases
      substantially at the more acidic pH values while zinc-mediated binding is
      essentially unchanged. These data indicate that, in addition to calcium at
      neutral pH, copper (and zinc) at neutral and particularly acidic pH values
      mediates SAP binding to polysaccharide ligands. This suggests that SAP may well
      be considered a copper- as well as a calcium-dependent protein under certain
      conditions and that this reactivity is favored under those conditions of lowered
      pH which may result from metabolic processes occurring at local sites of
      inflammation.

PMID- 4044590
TI  - Binding properties of diphtheria toxin to cells are altered by mutation in the
      fragment A domain.
AB  - CRM197, CRM176, and CRM228 are products of single or multiple missense mutations
      in the diphtheria toxin gene. CRM197 differs from wild-type toxin in 1 amino acid
      residue of the fragment A region, and also CRM176 and CRM228 have amino acid
      substitution(s) in fragment A. We compared the binding properties of CRM197 to
      toxin-sensitive Vero cells with those of diphtheria toxin and other CRMs. Nicked
      CRM197 is about 50 times more effective than intact CRM197 in inhibiting the
      action of diphtheria toxin on sensitive cells, as shown by inhibition of
      diphtheria toxin cytotoxicity or inhibition of binding of 125I-diphtheria toxin.
      The binding of native toxin or other CRMs was not significantly affected by
      nicking. Moreover, the binding of CRM197 to cells was unaffected by ATP, although
      ATP clearly inhibits binding of diphtheria toxin, CRM176, and CRM228. Two kinds
      of hybrid protein were formed using fragment B of CRM197: one with fragment A of
      diphtheria toxin and one with fragment A of CRM228. ATP inhibited the binding of
      these hybrid proteins. Furthermore, the affinities of these hybrid proteins for
      diphtheria toxin-sensitive cells were the same as that of native toxin. Thus, it
      was concluded that the altered binding properties of CRM197 were due to
      alteration of fragment A and what the interaction of diphtheria toxin with ATP
      involves both fragments. The results also suggest that fragment A plays a role in
      diphtheria toxin-receptor interaction.

PMID- 4044591
TI  - Identification of acetaminophen polymerization products catalyzed by horseradish
      peroxidase.
AB  - Horseradish peroxidase catalyzed the H2O2-dependent oxidation and polymerization
      of acetaminophen. Six acetaminophen polymers were isolated from horseradish
      peroxidase reaction mixtures by semipreparative high pressure liquid
      chromatography. Chemical structures were determined by a combination of electron
      impact and chemical ionization mass spectrometry and 500-MHz proton magnetic
      resonance spectroscopy. Two dimers, three trimers, and one tetramer were
      identified. The polymers formed primarily through a covalent bond between carbons
      ortho to the hydroxyl group, and to a lesser extent, between the carbon ortho to
      the hydroxyl group and the amino group of another acetaminophen molecule. Greater
      than 99% of the polymerization reaction products were quenched by the addition of
      2.0 mM ascorbate. High acetaminophen concentration favored dimer formation,
      whereas low acetaminophen concentration favored formation of trimers and
      tetramers. Since approximately 1 mol of H2O2 was consumed per mol of covalent
      ligand formed between acetaminophen molecules, these products probably result
      from free radical termination reactions.

PMID- 4044592
TI  - Specific targeting of high density lipoproteins to liver hepatocytes by
      incorporation of a tris-galactoside-terminated cholesterol derivative.
AB  - A triantennary galactose-terminated cholesterol derivative, N-(tris(beta-D
      galactopyranosyloxymethyl) methyl)-N alpha-(4(5-cholesten-3 beta
      yloxy)succinyl)glycinamide (Tris-Gal-Chol), which dissolves easily in water, was
      added to human apolipoprotein E-free high density lipoproteins (HDL) in varying
      quantities. Incorporation of 5 or 13 micrograms of Tris-Gal-Chol into HDL (20
      micrograms of protein) stimulates the liver association of the HDL apoprotein
      radioactivity 24- and 55-fold, respectively, at 10 min after intravenous
      injection into rats. The increased interaction of Tris-Gal-Chol HDL with the
      liver is blocked by preinjection of asialofetuin or N-acetylgalactosamine but not
      influenced by N-acetylglucosamine. The parenchymal liver cell uptake of HDL is
      stimulated 42- or 105-fold, respectively, by incorporation of 5 or 13 micrograms
      of Tris-Gal-Chol into HDL (20 micrograms of protein), while the association with
      nonparenchymal cells is stimulated only 1.7- or 5-fold. It can be calculated that
      98.0% of the Tris-Gal-Chol HDL is associated with parenchymal cells. In contrast,
      incorporation of 13 micrograms of Tris-Gal-Chol into LDL (20 micrograms of
      protein) leads to a selective association of LDL with nonparenchymal cells (92.3%
      of the total liver uptake). It is concluded that Tris-Gal-Chol incorporation into
      HDL leads to a specific interaction of HDL with the asialoglycoprotein
      (galactose) receptor on parenchymal cells whereas Tris-Gal-Chol incorporation
      into LDL leads mainly to an interaction with a galactose receptor from Kupffer
      cells. Probably this highly selective cellular targeting of LDL and HDL by Tris
      Gal-Chol is caused by the difference in size between these lipoproteins. The
      increased interaction of HDL with the parenchymal cells upon Tris-Gal-Chol
      incorporation is followed by degradation of the apolipoprotein in the lysosomes.
      It is concluded that Tris-Gal-Chol incorporation into LDL or HDL leads to a
      markedly increased catabolism of LDL by way of the Kupffer cells and HDL by
      parenchymal cells which might be used for lowering serum cholesterol levels. The
      use of Tris-Gal-Chol might also find application for targeting drugs or other
      compounds of interest to either Kupffer or parenchymal liver cells.

PMID- 4044593
TI  - Structure of a novel phosphoglycolipid from Deinococcus radiodurans.
AB  - The chemical structure of a major phosphoglycolipid from Deinococcus radiodurans
      has been shown to be 2'-O-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-3'-O-(alpha
      galactosyl)-N-D-gl yceroyl alkylamine. By infrared spectroscopy, the lipid was
      shown to contain both carbonyl ester and amide linkages. Chemical analysis
      demonstrated a molar ratio of fatty acid, carbohydrate, and phosphorus of 2:1:1.
      The lipid was shown to contain an sn-3-phosphatidic acid backbone by digestion
      with phospholipase A2. Phosphodiester bond cleavage of the lipid with
      hydrofluoric acid liberated a component which contained galactose, glyceric acid,
      and alkylamines. Using NMR and permethylation/hydrolysis procedures, galactose
      was shown to be linked alpha-glycosidically to the 3-O-position of glyceric acid.

PMID- 4044594
TI  - Hemin-mediated dissociation of erythrocyte membrane skeletal proteins.
AB  - Spectrin tetramers and oligomers in normal erythrocytes are cross-linked by actin
      and protein 4.1 to form a two-dimensional membrane skeletal network. In the
      present study, we find that hemin, a breakdown product of hemoglobin,
      progressively (a) alters the conformation of spectrin as revealed by electron
      microscope studies and by the decreased resistance of spectrin to proteolytic
      degradation, (b) alters the conformation of protein 4.1 as revealed by the
      increased mobility of protein 4.1 on nondenaturing gel electrophoresis, (c)
      weakens spectrin dimer alpha beta-dimer alpha beta, spectrin alpha-spectrin beta,
      as well as spectrin-protein 4.1 associations as analyzed by nondenaturing gel
      electrophoresis, and (d) diminishes the structural stability of erythrocyte
      membrane skeletons (i.e. Triton-insoluble ghost residues) subjected to mechanical
      shearing. Since hemin may be liberated from oxidized or unstable mutant
      hemoglobin under pathological conditions, these hemin-induced effects on
      spectrin, protein 4.1, and membrane skeletal stability may play a role in the
      membrane lesion of these erythrocytes.

PMID- 4044595
TI  - Roles of extracellular matrix components in differentiating teratocarcinoma
      cells.
AB  - F9 embryonal carcinoma cells treated with 5 X 10(-8) M retinoic acid and cultured
      in suspension for 8 days form aggregates consisting of an outer epithelial layer
      of alpha-fetoprotein-producing visceral endoderm cells. We have previously shown
      (Grover, A., Oshima, R. G., and Adamson, E. D. (1983) J. Cell Biol. 96, 1690
      1696) that the differentiation of F9 cells to visceral endoderm is accompanied by
      the activation of several genes, and increased laminin synthesis is one of the
      earliest events. Here we analyze in detail the syntheses and secretion of
      fibronectin, type IV collagen, and laminin during the 8-day process. Employing
      immunoprecipitation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we show that the
      levels of all three components change with different patterns. Unstimulated F9
      cells synthesize and secrete relatively high levels of fibronectin and low levels
      of type IV collagen. Fibronectin synthesis and secretion decreases to 10% of its
      original level whereas type IV collagen synthesis rises approximately 3-fold
      during the differentiation process. Laminin synthesis also rises at least 2-fold,
      and the proportions of its subunits change as the syntheses of B1 and A
      accelerate starting on day 2. However, unlike fibronectin and type IV collagen,
      laminin is largely accumulated in the aggregates. The data suggest that
      fibronectin has a role in aggregation whereas laminin is important in the
      differentiation process.

PMID- 4044596
TI  - Cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase from rat liver. Purification and
      characterization of a multifunctional protein kinase.
AB  - A rat liver cAMP-independent protein kinase that phosphorylates peptide b of ATP
      citrate lyase (Ramakrishna, S., Pucci, D. L., and Benjamin, W. B. (1983) J. Biol.
      Chem. 258, 4950-4956) has been purified to apparent homogeneity. The molecular
      weight, determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of
      sodium dodecyl sulfate, sucrose density gradient, and by gel filtration, was
      found to be 36,000. This protein kinase phosphorylates in vitro ATP-citrate
      lyase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and glycogen synthase and does not phosphorylate
      phosphorylase, phosphorylase kinase, histone, phosvitin, and casein. It has Fa
      (activity factor) activity stimulating the ATP X Mg-dependent phosphatase and is
      therefore named a multifunctional protein kinase. This kinase differs from
      glycogen synthase kinase-3 with regard to substrate specificity, kinetic
      parameters, and physicochemical properties.

PMID- 4044597
TI  - Erythrocyte microtubule assembly in vitro. Determination of the effects of
      erythrocyte tau, tubulin isoforms, and tubulin oligomers on erythrocyte tubulin
      assembly, and comparison with brain microtubule assembly.
AB  - Two tubulin variants, isolated from chicken brain and erythrocytes and known to
      have different peptide maps and electrophoretic properties, are demonstrated to
      exhibit different assembly properties in vitro: 1) erythrocyte tubulin assembles
      with greater efficiency (lower critical concentration, greater elongation rate)
      but exhibits a lower nucleation rate than brain tubulin, and 2) erythrocyte
      tubulin readily forms oligomers whose presence significantly retards the rate of
      elongation, suggesting that tubulin oligomers may also be important for
      determining the rate of assembly and the length of microtubules in erythrocytes.
      Erythrocyte tubulin isolated by cycles of in vitro assembly-disassembly is also
      demonstrated to contain a 67-kDa tau factor that greatly enhances microtubule
      nucleation but has little effect on elongation rates or critical concentration.
      Immunofluorescence microscopy with tau antibody indicates that tau is
      specifically associated with marginal band microtubules, suggesting that it may
      be important for determining microtubule function in vivo.

PMID- 4044598
TI  - Synthesis of N pi-methylhistamine and N alpha-methylhistamine by purified rabbit
      lung indolethylamine N-methyltransferase.
AB  - N tau-Methylhistamine is a major inactive metabolite of histamine and is formed
      by histamine N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.8). However, a controversy exists
      concerning the presence of other N-methylated histamines, such as N pi- and N
      alpha-methylhistamine in mammalian tissues. Indolethylamine N-methyltransferase
      is present in mammalian tissues with the rabbit lung containing the highest
      concentration, but the physiologic function of this enzyme remains unclear. Using
      rabbit lung as a tissue source, we purified indolethylamine N-methyltransferase
      260-fold and separated it completely from histamine N-methyltransferase.
      Histamine was a substrate for purified indolethylamine N-methyltransferase and
      unlike histamine N-methyltransferase which exclusively formed N tau
      methylhistamine, indolethylamine N-methyltransferase catalyzed the in vitro
      formation of both N pi-methylhistamine and N alpha-methylhistamine. In contrast
      to histamine N-methyltransferase, indolethylamine N-methyltransferase activity
      was not inhibited by either high histamine concentrations or by quinacrine. Thus,
      mammalian tissues contain an enzyme capable of forming N pi-methylhistamine and N
      alpha-methylhistamine. This supports the concept of the existence of these
      compounds and suggests they may serve a physiologic function in mammals.

PMID- 4044599
TI  - Phosphorylation of extracellular carbohydrates by intact cells. Chicken
      hepatocytes specifically adhere to and phosphorylate immobilized N
      acetylglucosamine.
AB  - Cell-cell adhesion is a multi-step process which may be initiated by binding of
      cell surface carbohydrates to complementary carbohydrate receptors on apposing
      cell surfaces. We have modeled such interactions using polyacrylamide gels
      covalently derivatized with glycosides, to which intact cells specifically
      adhere; chicken hepatocytes adhere to gels derivatized with N-acetylglucosamine
      (GlcNAc). Initially adhesion is blocked (or reversed) by soluble GlcNAc, but
      becomes sugar-resistant rapidly at 37 degrees C, perhaps due to cellular
      modification of the carbohydrate-derivatized surface (Guarnaccia, S. P.,
      Kuhlenschmidt, M. S., Slife, C. W., and Schnaar, R. L. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257,
      14293-14299). We report here that, subsequent to recognition and adhesion, intact
      chicken hepatocytes transfer phosphate covalently to GlcNAc-derivatized gels.
      Metabolically radiolabeled cells (32Pi) were incubated on polyacrylamide gels
      derivatized with various aminohexyl glycosides. Noncovalently bound material was
      then removed from the gels by extensive washing in detergents and salt solutions.
      Subsequent radiochemical analysis revealed that phosphate was transferred
      selectively to GlcNAc-derivatized gels (up to 20-fold more than to glucose-,
      galactose-, or mannose-derivatized gels). Soluble GlcNAc (but not other sugars)
      or low temperature inhibited phosphate transfer. The phosphorylation was mediated
      by intact cells; cell lysate was itself incapable of specific phosphate transfer
      and attenuated specific transfer when added to intact cells. When GlcNAc was
      immobilized using a cleavable (disulfide-containing) linker arm the transferred
      phosphate radiolabel could be solubilized by disulfide reduction and recovered
      for further analysis. The released phosphorylated product migrated as a single
      low molecular weight species upon gel permeation chromatography, paper
      electrophoresis, and cellulose thin layer chromatography. Acid hydrolysis of the
      phosphorylated product generated a compound with the mobility of GlcNAc-6-P in
      five different separation systems. Treatment with alkaline phosphatase converted
      the radiolabel to a compound with the properties of inorganic phosphate. These
      data indicate that; subsequent to carbohydrate recognition and adhesion, intact
      hepatocytes generate phosphomonoesters of recognized carbohydrates outside of
      their plasma membranes.

PMID- 4044600
TI  - The role of extracellular Ca2+ in the response of the hepatocyte to Ca2+
      dependent hormones.
AB  - The influence of extracellular Ca2+ on hormone-mediated increases of cytosolic
      free Ca2+ [( Ca2+]i) and phosphorylase activity was studied in isolated
      hepatocytes. In the presence of 1.3 mM extracellular Ca2+, the stimulation of
      phosphorylase activity produced by vasopressin or phenylephrine was maintained
      for 20-30 min. In contrast, the change in [Ca2+]i under these conditions was more
      transient and declined within 3-4 min to steady state values only 70 +/- 8 nM
      above the resting [Ca2+]i. Removal of the hormone from its receptor with specific
      antagonists caused a decline in [Ca2+]i back to the original resting values.
      Subsequent addition of a second hormone elicited a further Ca2+ transient. If the
      antagonist was omitted, the second hormone addition did not increase [Ca2+]i
      indicating that the labile intracellular Ca2+ pool remains depleted during
      receptor occupation. When extracellular Ca2+ was omitted, both the changes of
      [Ca2+]i and phosphorylase a caused by vasopressin were transient and returned
      exactly to resting values within 3-4 min. The subsequent readdition of Ca2+ to
      these cells produced a further increase of [Ca2+]i and phosphorylase activity
      which was larger than the changes observed upon Ca2+ addition to untreated cells.
      This reactivation of phosphorylase showed saturation kinetics with respect to
      extracellular [Ca2+], was maximally stimulated within 1 min of vasopressin
      addition and was inhibited by high concentration of diltiazem. We conclude that
      entry of extracellular Ca2+ into the cell is required in order to obtain a
      sustained hormonal stimulation of phosphorylase activity and is responsible for
      the maintenance of a small steady state elevation of [Ca2+]i.

PMID- 4044601
TI  - Binding of plasma-derived lipid transfer protein to lipoprotein substrates. The
      role of binding in the lipid transfer process.
AB  - Plasma-derived lipid transfer protein (LTP) facilitates the transfer of
      cholesteryl ester and triglyceride between all lipoproteins. Kinetic models of
      the transfer event have suggested that transfer is facilitated through the
      physical interaction (binding) of LTP with its lipoprotein substrate. Such
      binding has been observed previously between LTP and high density lipoprotein
      (HDL), but not between LTP and low (LDL) or very low (VLDL) density lipoproteins.
      In the present study, the interaction of LTP with plasma lipoproteins has been re
      evaluated. These experiments have employed Sepharose-bound lipoproteins in order
      to facilitate the rapid separation of unbound and lipoprotein-associated LTP. The
      validity of this approach in assessing LTP-lipoprotein interactions was evidenced
      by the fact that free (unbound) lipoproteins could competitively inhibit or
      disrupt the binding of LTP to the Sepharose-bound lipoproteins. LTP was observed
      to bind to VLDL, LDL, and HDL. Whereas VLDL- and LDL-LTP complexes were labile
      and almost completely dissociated in 90 min, HDL-LTP complexes remained intact
      during this time. Under equilibrium conditions, LTP binding to all lipoproteins
      was characterized by high affinity, saturable kinetics; the apparent affinities
      (Kd) of VLDL, LDL, and HDL for LTP were nearly the same (congruent to 25 nM). The
      results of two studies correlated lipid transfer activity with LTP binding to
      lipoproteins: 1) LTP binding and transfer activity increased in parallel as the
      amount of LTP in the assay was increased and 2) the inhibition of transfer
      activity caused by differing amounts of an inhibitory protein correlated with
      similar decrements in LTP binding. The latter data also suggest that the
      inhibitor protein suppresses lipid transfer activity by disrupting LTP
      lipoprotein interactions. It is concluded that LTP avidly binds to VLDL, LDL, and
      HDL via a reversible, saturable mechanism and that the binding of LTP to the
      lipoprotein surface is an integral component of the lipid transfer reaction.

PMID- 4044602
TI  - Iron-histidine stretching vibration in the deoxy state of insect hemoglobins with
      different O2 affinities and Bohr effects.
AB  - Resonance Raman spectroscopy has been employed to detect the iron-proximal
      histidine stretching mode in deoxyhemoglobins from insect larvae of Chironomus
      thummi thummi (CTT). With the excitation of 413.1 nm, we observe a sharp and
      intense line in the 220-224 cm-1 region. The assignment of this line to the Fe-N
      epsilon (His) stretching mode was made on the basis of a 3-cm-1 shift upon
      57Fe/54Fe isotope substitution. The Fe-N epsilon (His) vibration is used to
      monitor the possible changes in the Fe-N epsilon (His) bond strength (hence bone
      length) in the deoxy state of the monomeric (CTT I, III, and IV) and dimeric (CTT
      II) insect hemoglobins. As these hemoglobins differ in O2 affinity, off-rate and
      on-rate constants, and in the Bohr effect, they are excellent model systems for
      investigating the mechanism of protein control of the heme reactivity. Some of
      these hemoglobins (CTT III, IV, and II) are allosteric, exhibiting two
      interconvertible conformational states with high and low O2 affinity at high and
      low pH, respectively. The Fe-N epsilon (His) stretching frequency does not
      correlate with the O2 affinity, the on-rate and the off-rate constants for
      different hemoglobins, for different conformational states, and for modified
      hemoglobins with different heme peripheral groups. This vibrational mode is
      insensitive to deuteration of the heme vinyl groups. It is important to note that
      the Fe-N epsilon (His) bonds in the high pH (high-affinity) and the low pH (low
      affinity) states are identical. This implies that the O2 molecule, prior to
      binding, "sees" identical binding sites. Thus, the difference in free energy
      changes upon O2 binding is manifested only in the oxy form.

PMID- 4044603
TI  - Concerning the anomalous kinetic behavior of microtubules.
AB  - We have demonstrated that tubulin-GTP subunits can react with microtubule ends
      containing subunits with E-site-bound GDP. This observation can be taken to rule
      out a previous interpretation of a biphasic dependence of the rate for subunit
      flux into microtubules on the subunit concentration, which is based upon an
      assumption that GTP is required to be present in subunits at microtubule ends in
      order to allow addition of tubulin-GTP subunits. The nullified mechanism had been
      suggested to be the basis of the observation that growing and shrinking
      microtubules coexist as independent species. We have also confirmed previous
      studies indicating that the flux rate is nonlinearly dependent on the subunit
      concentration and account for this behavior by assuming that tubulin-GTP subunits
      reversibly add to microtubule ends by two paths. In one, tubulin-GTP subunits add
      nonproductively to generate an end which is unable to undergo further net
      microtubule elongation; however, this reaction can retard the rate for
      microtubule disassembly under conditions where the disassembly reaction
      predominates. In the other, tubulin-GTP subunits add productively to microtubule
      ends to generate ends which can undergo subsequent net elongation.

PMID- 4044604
TI  - Indole-3-acetic acid catabolism in Zea mays seedlings. Metabolic conversion of
      oxindole-3-acetic acid to 7-hydroxy-2-oxindole-3-acetic acid 7'-O-beta-D
      glucopyranoside.
AB  - A new metabolite of the plant growth substance indole-3-acetic acid has been
      extracted from Zea mays seedlings and characterized as the 7'-O-beta-D
      glucopyranoside of 7-hydroxy-2-oxindole-3-acetic acid. This compound was the
      major product formed from [5-3H] 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid, incubated with intact
      plants or root and coleoptile sections. Identification was by gas chromatography
      mass spectrometry of the trimethylsilyl derivative and by analysis of the
      hydrolysis products. A synthesis is reported for 7-hydroxy-2-oxindole-3-acetic
      acid. These results and prior work demonstrate the following catabolic route for
      indole-3-acetic acid in Zea: indole-3-acetic acid----2-oxindole-3-acetic acid---
      7-hydroxy-2-oxindole-3-acetic acid----7-hydroxy-2-oxindole-3-acetic acid
      glucoside.

PMID- 4044605
TI  - CMP-NeuNAc:poly-alpha-2,8-sialosyl sialyltransferase and the biosynthesis of
      polysialosyl units in neural cell adhesion molecules.
AB  - Prokaryotic derived probes that specifically recognize alpha-2,8-ketosidically
      linked polysialosyl units were developed to identify and study the temporal
      expression of these unique carbohydrate moieties in developing neural tissue
      (Vimr, E. R., McCoy, R. D., Vollger, H. F., Wilkison, N. C., and Troy, F. A.
      (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 1971-1975). These polysialosyl units cap
      N-linked oligosaccharides of the complex-type on neural cell adhesion molecules
      (N-CAM). A Golgi-enriched fraction from 20-day-old fetal rat brain contains a
      membrane-associated sialyltransferase that catalyzes the incorporation of [14C]N
      acetylneuraminic acid [( 14C]NeuNAc) from CMP-[14C] NeuNAc into polymeric
      products. At pH 6.0, 84 pmol of NeuNAc mg of protein-1 h-1 were incorporated. In
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, the major radiolabeled species
      migrated with a mobility expected for N-CAM. A bacteriophage-derived
      endoneuraminidase specific for polysialic acid was used to demonstrate that at
      least 20-30% of the [14C]NeuNAc was incorporated into alpha-2,8-linked
      polysialosyl units. This was confirmed by structural studies which showed that
      the endoneuraminidase-sensitive brain material consisted of multimers of sialic
      acid. The addition of a partially purified preparation of chick N-CAM to the
      membranous sialyltransferase stimulated sialic acid incorporation 3-fold. The
      product of this reaction was also sensitive to endoneuraminidase and contained
      alpha-2,8-linked polysialosyl chains, thus showing that N-CAM can serve as an
      exogenous acceptor for sialylation in vitro. Sialic acid incorporated into adult
      rat brain membranes was resistant to endoneuraminidase, indicating that the poly
      alpha-2,8-sialosyl sialyltransferase activity is restricted to an early
      developmental epoch. It is recommended that the enzyme described here be
      designated CMP-NeuNAc:poly-alpha-2,8-sialosyl sialyltransferase and the trivial
      name poly-alpha-2,8-sialosyl sialyltransferase be adopted.

PMID- 4044606
TI  - Minimal requirements for exocytosis. A study using PC 12 cells permeabilized with
      staphylococcal alpha-toxin.
AB  - The membrane-permeabilizing effects of streptolysin O, staphylococcal alpha
      toxin, and digitonin on cultured rat pheochromocytoma cells were studied. All
      three agents perturbed the plasma membrane, causing release of intracellular
      86Rb+ and uptake of trypan blue. In addition, streptolysin O and digitonin also
      damaged the membranes of secretory vesicles, including a parallel release of
      dopamine. In contrast, the effects of alpha-toxin appeared to be strictly
      confined to the plasma membrane, and no dopamine release was observed with this
      agent. The exocytotic machinery, however, remained intact and could be triggered
      by subsequent introduction of micromolar concentrations of Ca2+ into the medium.
      Dopamine release was entirely Ca2+ specific and occurred independent of the
      presence or absence of other cations or anions including K+ glutamate, K+
      acetate, or Na+ chloride. Ca2+-induced exocytosis did not require the presence of
      Mg2+-ATP in the medium. The process was insensitive to pH alterations in the
      range pH 6.6-7.2, and appeared optimal at an osmolarity of 300 mosm/kg. Toxin
      permeabilization seems to be an excellent method for studying the minimal
      requirements for exocytosis.

PMID- 4044607
TI  - The interaction between the cytosolic pyridine nucleotide redox potential and
      gluconeogenesis from lactate/pyruvate in isolated rat hepatocytes. Implications
      for investigations of hormone action.
AB  - By using very low concentrations of cells to minimize alterations in substrate
      concentrations, we demonstrated that the lactate/pyruvate ratio of the incubation
      medium, which determines the cytosolic NADH/NAD+ ratio, affects gluconeogenic
      flux in suspensions of isolated hepatocytes from fasted rats. At a fixed
      extracellular pyruvate concentration of 1 mM and with the lactate/pyruvate ratio
      varied from 0.6 to 10 and to 50, glucose production rates increased from 2.5 to
      5.5 and then decreased to 1.8 nmol/mg of cell protein/min. This finding
      paralleled the observation of Sugano et al. (Sugano, T., Shiota, M., Tanaka, T.,
      Miyamae, Y., Shimada, M., and Oshino, N. (1980) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 87, 153-166)
      who noted a similar biphasic response in the perfused liver system when lactate
      was held constant and pyruvate varied. The biphasic relationship can be explained
      by the influence of the NADH/NAD+ ratio on the near-equilibrium reactions
      catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase in
      the hepatocyte cytosol. By shifting the equilibrium of the glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase reaction, a rise in the NADH/NAD+ ratio decreases the
      concentration of 3-phosphoglycerate which, because of the linkage of 3
      phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate through two near-equilibrium reactions,
      reduces the concentration of phosphoenolpyruvate and therefore causes a decline
      in flux through pyruvate kinase. This decrease in pyruvate kinase flux results in
      an enhanced gluconeogenic flux. At higher NADH/NAD+ ratios, however, the
      oxalacetate concentration drops to such an extent that the consequent decreased
      flux through phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase exceeds the decline in flux
      through pyruvate kinase, producing a decrease in gluconeogenic flux. The
      lactate/pyruvate ratio was found to influence the actions of three hormones
      thought to stimulate gluconeogenesis by different mechanisms. Except for an
      inhibition by glucagon seen at the lowest lactate/pyruvate ratio tested, the
      stimulations by this hormone were relatively insensitive to lactate/pyruvate
      ratios, while angiotensin II produced greater stimulations of gluconeogenesis as
      the lactate/pyruvate ratio was increased. Dexamethasone, added in vitro,
      stimulated gluconeogenesis significantly only at very low and very high
      lactate/pyruvate ratios.

PMID- 4044608
TI  - Estimation of the relative contributions of enhanced production of oxalacetate
      and inhibition of pyruvate kinase to acute hormonal stimulation of
      gluconeogenesis in rat hepatocytes. An analysis of the effects of glucagon,
      angiotensin II, and dexamethasone on gluconeogenic flux from lactate/pyruvate.
AB  - Hepatocytes, isolated from fasted rats, were incubated with graded concentrations
      of lactate and pyruvate, at a mean constant ratio of 10-13:1, to alter
      systematically the concentrations of gluconeogenic intermediate metabolites and
      rates of glucose production. By analyzing glucose production rates as a function
      of corresponding concentrations of extracellular pyruvate, cytosolic oxalacetate,
      and cellular 3-phosphoglycerate in the presence and absence of hormones and
      assuming no primary activation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, estimates
      were made of the relative contributions of stimulation of formation of cytosolic
      oxalacetate and inhibition of pyruvate kinase to hormonal stimulations of
      gluconeogenesis. Addition of dexamethasone, glucagon, or angiotensin II did not
      cause a shift in the relationship between cellular 3-phosphoglycerate
      concentrations and rates of glucose production, indicating that there was no
      effect of these agents on the reactions involved in conversion of
      phosphoenolpyruvate to glucose. All three agents shifted the relationships
      between rates of glucose production and both cytosolic oxalacetate and
      extracellular pyruvate. The following conclusions were drawn from computer
      analyses of these results. At low concentrations of pyruvate, stimulation of
      oxalacetate production and pyruvate kinase inhibition were approximately equally
      contributory to the overall stimulations of gluconeogenesis by angiotensin II and
      dexamethasone. At higher pyruvate concentrations, pyruvate kinase inhibition by
      angiotensin II played a greater role, accounting for 90% of the overall
      stimulation. For dexamethasone, as the pyruvate concentration was increased,
      stimulation of gluconeogenesis resulting from enhanced formation of oxalacetate
      diminished as did overall stimulation of gluconeogenesis. Glucagon addition
      resulted in an inhibition of pyruvate kinase flux that accounted for 75% of the
      hormone's overall effect at low pyruvate concentrations; this increased to 95% at
      high pyruvate concentrations.

PMID- 4044610
TI  - An update on the technique of double-contrast arthrotomography of the shoulder.
AB  - We review the technique of double-contrast arthrotomography (DCAT) including
      reference to a new, superficial and bevel-oriented puncture and the use of a
      special density compensation filter. We have found it possible to demonstrate the
      varieties, size and exact location of rotator cuff tears in the coronal and
      sagittal planes. Adaptation of the method to studies of the glenoid labrum also
      yields excellent results. DCAT is now the best technique of shoulder
      arthrography.

PMID- 4044609
TI  - Processing of soluble elastin in cultured neonatal rat smooth muscle cells.
AB  - The synthesis and extracellular deposition of elastin by cultured neonatal rat
      aorta smooth muscle cells has been followed. The addition of beta
      aminopropionitrile to the culture medium promotes accumulation of soluble
      precursors of elastin. Under such conditions, a protein possessing
      characteristics of a soluble elastin precursor with an apparent molecular weight
      of 77,000 was detected and partially purified. Pulse-chase studies suggested that
      this 77-kDa protein undergoes an extracellular, enzymatically catalyzed process
      to a 71-kDa protein. This 71-kDa protein is strikingly similar to tropoelastins
      isolated from other tissue systems, in which no evidence for higher molecular
      weight soluble precursors is at present available. Data presented in this
      communication suggest that the 77-kDa protein, which we have designated
      protropoelastin, represents a precursor to the tropoelastin moiety produced in
      the neonatal rat smooth muscle cell culture.

PMID- 4044611
TI  - Double-contrast arthrotomography of the shoulder: correlation of radiological and
      surgical findings in complete rotator cuff tears.
AB  - Double-contrast arthrotomography of the shoulder appears extremely valuable; we
      have verified its accuracy in measurements of complete rotator cuff tears. The
      first 31 patients so investigated and explored surgically have been
      retrospectively evaluated. Accurate measurements were found in 85% of the coronal
      diameters and in 69% of the sagittal ones.

PMID- 4044612
TI  - Radiophosphate evaluation of loose hip prostheses.
AB  - There were 23 patients who had revisions of their failed hip arthroplasties and a
      prior radiophosphate assessment of the joint components. In this selected group
      of patients the true positive incidence of abnormal scintigraphic findings for
      femoral component loosening was 19 out of 20 (95%) and the true negative
      incidence was two out of two by the criteria adopted. The true positive incidence
      of such findings, indicating acetabular component loosening, was seven out of
      seven, and the true negative was nine out of 10. Some of these patients also had
      contrast arthrography and the incidences of true positive and true negative
      findings for femoral component loosening were seven out of 15 (47%) and one out
      of one, respectively. Prediction of the status of the acetabulum was poorer using
      this technique with true positive and true negative incidences of four out of
      nine and two out of five, respectively.

PMID- 4044613
TI  - Complementary role of wrist arthrography in non-union of scaphoid fractures.
AB  - Plain radiographs and wrist arthrography of 11 patients with non-united fractures
      of the scaphoid were retrospectively studied. The arthrographic feature of non
      union was found to be opacification of the fracture line and, secondly, of the
      midcarpal compartment, whereas in patients with fibrous or cartilaginous union no
      opacification of the fracture line was obtained. There was no single plain
      radiographic feature that could distinguish non-union from fibrous or
      cartilaginous union.

PMID- 4044614
TI  - Computed tomography in osteochondritis dissecans of the patella.
AB  - Osteochondritis dissecans is a disorder which rarely involves the patella. It
      must be differentiated from chondromalacia, lateral marginal fracture due to
      direct injury, medial facet osteochondral fracture secondary to traumatic lateral
      dislocation and a dorsal defect of the patella. I report a patient in whom
      computed tomography (CT) helped confirm the diagnosis. Although usually
      diagnosable from plain films, in difficult patients CT should be considered.

PMID- 4044615
TI  - Therapeutic embolization of the hepatic artery.
AB  - We have performed therapeutic embolization of the hepatic artery and its branches
      in 15 patients, 14 with metastatic neoplasm and one with postoperative
      hepatobiliary hemorrhage. In the latter patient, bleeding ceased on embolization
      of the right hepatic artery and did not recur. The median survival time of the 14
      patients who had hepatic embolization was six months. The mean survival time in
      our three patients with metastatic gastric leiomyosarcoma was 24 months, whereas
      our five patients with metastases from carcinoma of the colon had a mean survival
      time of only five months. On the basis of this experience we conclude that
      hepatic artery embolization is advisable in patients with hormonal effects of
      metastatic disease and in patients with massive hepatomegaly related to
      metastases from gastric leiomyosarcomas, and may be indicated in patients with
      hepatic artery hemorrhage.

PMID- 4044616
TI  - Urological complications in Crohn's disease.
AB  - We report the radiographic appearances of urinary tract complications in 11
      patients with Crohn's disease, which included ureteric obstruction, displacement
      of ureters, renal calculi, bladder involvement with a pseudotumor appearance, and
      enterovesical fistulae.

PMID- 4044617
TI  - Diagnosis of diffuse malignant infiltration of lung (lymphangitic carcinomatosis)
      by percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy.
AB  - The diagnosis of diffuse malignant infiltration of lung is often made with
      certainty only by open lung biopsy or at autopsy. However, the clinical
      presentation and radiological examination are often sufficiently characteristic
      to suggest the diagnosis. Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy (PFNAB) has
      been reserved mainly for the diagnosis of focal lesions of lung and has been
      reported not to be useful in the diagnosis of diffuse lung disease, especially
      when the latter is mainly interstitial. We report 15 patients with radiologically
      diagnosed diffuse interstitial infiltration of lung, 13 of whom had lymphangitic
      carcinomatosis either on clinical follow-up, cytological or pathological
      examination. Cytology by percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy was positive
      for malignant cells in 11 of the 13 patients. We propose that PFNAB be used early
      in investigation when the clinical and radiological findings suggest that a
      patient has diffuse malignant interstitial lung infiltration.

PMID- 4044618
TI  - Generator malfunctions detected by radiation waveforms.
AB  - Radiation waveforms show the variation of x-ray intensity with time. Acceptance
      testing was done on 15 newly installed x-ray units and the waveforms of seven
      showed a total of 13 generator-related faults. Of the 13 faults, six would have
      caused inconsistently exposed radiographs in four units. These faults were
      corrected before the units were used clinically. After one year of use, the
      waveforms from five of the 15 units showed serious malfunctions. This illustrates
      the need for acceptance testing, radiation waveform monitoring and an active
      generator quality control program.

PMID- 4044619
TI  - The inferior vena caval pseudo thrombus sign: diagnosis by dynamic CT after arm
      vein injection.
AB  - Pseudothrombus of the inferior vena cava has been observed after pedal infusion.
      Previously it has been suggested that this pitfall results from technique and
      that this finding would not be observed following fast computed tomographic
      scanning after arm vein injection. However, we have observed similar flow
      artifacts using the latter technique. A scan obtained up to 14 minutes after the
      start of the bolus or reinjection with delayed dynamic scanning can exclude
      thrombus without further investigation.

PMID- 4044620
TI  - CT of osteoid osteoma of the femoral neck: the value of oblique reformatting.
AB  - An osteoid osteoma is a benign bone lesion which may involve the femoral neck.
      The lesions are distinctively osteoblastic, containing a central fibrovascular
      and osteoid nidus which often evokes substantial periosteal reaction occasionally
      making the diagnosis by conventional radiography very difficult. Computed
      tomographic evaluation of these lesions at other sites has been previously
      reported. I wish to emphasize the unique value of CT multiplanar reformatting in
      a patient with an osteoid osteoma of the femoral neck.

PMID- 4044621
TI  - Lumbosacral dislocation.
AB  - We describe a patient with dislocation of the lumbosacral junction. No previous
      report of this rare injury has included a normal lateral radiograph without
      displacement in an anteroposterior direction. The radiologist should be aware
      that marked lumbosacral abnormality may be present despite the innocent
      appearance of a lateral radiograph.

PMID- 4044622
TI  - Post-traumatic dorsal pseudomeningocele.

PMID- 4044623
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to Lewis lung carcinoma.
AB  - Hybridoma cultures producing monoclonal antibodies were derived from fusions of
      the parent myeloma P3-X63-Ag8-U1 with spleen cells of BALB/c mice which had been
      immunized with the Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) of C57BL/6 mice. Four monoclonal
      antibodies (A8-2.7, C6-1.2, D12-2.7), and G8-1.6) showed high reactivity to 3LL
      cells but showed no or low reactivity to other tumor cells, cultured cell lines,
      and normal tissues from C57BL/6 mouse. The C6-1.2 antibody was confirmed to have
      a binding capacity specific to 3LL cells by absorption assay and inhibition
      assay. Antigenic analysis indicated that the C6-1.2 antibody bound to 3LL surface
      glycoprotein (approximately 45,000 daltons), and other antibodies reacted with
      proteins (less than 10,000 daltons) on the cell surface of 3LL. Administration of
      C6-1.2 antibody i.v. reduced the metastasis into the lungs of 3LL in C57BL/6
      mice.

PMID- 4044624
TI  - In vitro and in vivo investigations for the development of cytostatic
      methylhydrazones.
AB  - In in vitro short-term (3 h) assays, the beta-chloroethyl-methyl-hydrazones B 1
      and B 2 inhibit the uptake of 3H-thymidine by EAC and L 1210 leukemia cells, B 2
      being 5 to 10 times more effective than B 1. The growth inhibitory effect of both
      compounds was also confirmed in long-term (7 days) clonal assays using agar
      containing glass capillaries, B 2 again being more effective than B 1. In
      contrast to these differences in vitro, in vivo both substances showed remission
      to the same degree in EAC- and complete resistance in L 1210-bearing mice. The
      diverging in vitro/in vivo sensitivities were thought to result from differences
      in the affinity of the methylhydrazones to the tumor cells: using short exposure
      periods (3 h) B 1 was more inhibitory than B 2 on both EAC and L 1210 colony
      growth; i.e., the more hydrophilic B 2 could more easily be washed off. To
      further test the idea of different cell membrane affinities, the methylhydrazones
      ZB 1 and P 1 with increasing lipophilic properties were synthesized. In vitro,
      after both pulse and continuous exposure ZB 1 and P 1 showed enforced inhibitory
      effects on colony growth. In vivo, ZB 1 and P 1 reduced the tumor weight of EAC
      mice, while only P 1 increased the survival time of L 1210 mice. The results
      suggest that from the combination of in vitro/in vivo assays mechanistic
      conclusions can be derived that are valuable for further development of these
      cystostatics.

PMID- 4044625
TI  - 6-Thioguanine: high-dose 2-H infusions in goats.
AB  - 6-Thioguanine (6TG) is poorly absorbed after oral administration. Bolus
      injections of 6TG result in high peak concentrations with relatively short-lived
      plasma concentrations. In vitro studies have shown the importance of prolonged
      exposure to 6TG. Therefore we administered 6TG by infusion at a dose rate of 2
      mg/h over 2 h. In three goats we determined the plasma concentration-time curves
      of 6TG and its riboside (6TGR). A steady state was reached for 6TG and was almost
      reached for 6TGR within the 2 h of infusion. In one experiment we obtained
      several samples of CSF and observed good penetration of 6TG and 6TGR into CSF.
      Urinary excretion of 6TG and 6TGR was also quantitated. The amount of drug and
      metabolite excreted later than 4 h after the end of the infusion was negligible.
      By infusing 6TG, the problems of both erratic absorption after oral
      administration and acute renal toxicity after bolus injection, can be averted. In
      our opinion prolonged infusions of 6TG may be of advantage in humans suffering
      from actively proliferating malignant diseases, and thus should be studied.

PMID- 4044626
TI  - Atypical mycosis fungoides with cerebral involvement.
AB  - This report concerns a 17-year-old male patient with atypical mycosis fungoides
      (m.f.). Initial examination revealed generalized lymphoma and uncharacteristic
      livid skin efflorescence. The patient developed bone marrow involvement and
      meningeal leukaemia 6 months later. Diagnosis was confirmed by
      immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Aggressive chemotherapy yielded no
      response.

PMID- 4044627
TI  - Radiotherapy of non-metastatic ewing sarcoma.
AB  - Comparing the radiotherapy data of two groups of patients with non-metastatic
      Ewing sarcoma, we came to the following conclusions: intensive chemotherapy does
      not substitute for effective radiotherapy. Irradiation fields should be large
      enough to include the whole affected bone and the entire extra-osseous
      compartments, exempting only uninvolved epiphyses. Marginal recurrences are a
      major risk of the shrinking field technique. Single doses per fraction should be
      high and the total dose raised to the point of maximal irradiation tolerance of
      normal tissues.

PMID- 4044628
TI  - Diagnosis of primary adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube.
AB  - Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube is rare, but still occurs frequently
      enough to warrant consideration when certain specific symptoms are present. It is
      also possible to diagnose the tumor correctly if, in the presence of certain
      symptoms, the following diagnostic tools are used in addition to repeated Pap
      smears and dilatation and curettage: hysteroscopy, cervical biopsy, colposcopy,
      laparoscopy, laparotomy, and pathological examination of every tubal specimen.

PMID- 4044629
TI  - Dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus.
AB  - In a retrospective histological study, resected specimens obtained from 23
      patients with adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus (Group I) and endoscopic
      multiple (step) biopsies from 38 patients without carcinoma in Barrett's
      esophagus (Group II) were investigated for dysplastic changes. Dysplasia was most
      frequently found in the type of mucosa comprising intestinal metaplasia. There
      seem to be two pathways to dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. In Group I dysplasia
      was found in 18 out of 23, and in Group II in 2 out of 38 patients. In Barrett's
      esophagus, dysplasia may be considered not only a precursor of carcinoma, but
      also a marker for coexisting carcinoma.

PMID- 4044630
TI  - Smoking and mortalities from cancer, coronary heart disease and stroke in male
      Japanese physicians.
AB  - A cohort of 5,477 male Japanese physicians was studied to examine the
      relationship between smoking habits and mortalities from cancer, coronary heart
      disease (CHD) and stroke over 12.7 years. The logistic regression analysis based
      on proportional hazard models was used for statistical assessment. The risks of
      both lung cancer and CHD were strongly associated with smoking habits in terms of
      the number of cigarettes smoked per day, inhalation level and age at starting to
      smoke. These associations were not influenced by the effect of drinking habits.
      However, the risk increment of lung cancer due to cigarette smoking was fairly
      small as compared with the data from other studies of male Caucasians. A
      statistically significant association was observed between upper aerodigestive
      cancer and cigarette smoking. But this relationship became insignificant after
      adjustment for drinking habits, and the risk of heavy smokers was drastically
      reduced. No clear association was noted between smoking and mortalities from
      gastric cancer and stroke.

PMID- 4044631
TI  - Neuroepithelioma (neuroblastoma) arising in an adult. A case report.
AB  - Cytogenetic studies on neuroblastomas arising in children have revealed
      consistent abnormalities of the short arm of chromosome number 1. Partly because
      of the rare occurrence of neuroblastomas in adults, extensive cytogenetic studies
      in this group of patients have not been performed. We report a case of a
      neuroepithelioma (neuroblastoma) arising in a 50-year-old male patient. On
      chromosome analysis of a metastasis, a stemline with karyotype 47,XY, +der1 (1
      qter---1 cen::1q21---1 qter) was identified. The possible consequences of this
      result and those of results previously reported in the literature are discussed.

PMID- 4044632
TI  - Increased chromium and nickel content in lung tissue.
AB  - In random autopsies chromium (n = 23) and nickel (n = 16) together with various
      other metals, were determined in lung tissue by means of flameless atomic
      absorption spectrometry. With increasing age a significant increase in
      concentration of both chromium and nickel was found. This is evaluated as an
      indicator for a corresponding exposure, which is marked by a local (workplace)
      and regional (environment) share of a clear increase in the total chromium/nickel
      load and by a life-long duration. The question arises, whether the selective
      concentration (long half-life) of the inhaled chromium and nickel
      particles/compounds in the lung are to be regarded as a stochastic lung cancer
      risk.

PMID- 4044633
TI  - Characterization of growth factor(s) produced by chemically transformed hamster
      dermal fibroblasts.
AB  - Cell lysates from transformed hamster dermal fibroblasts (HDF cells) induced
      colony formation of normal HDF cells in soft agar medium and also stimulated
      proliferation of normal HDF cells in medium supplemented with plasma-derived
      serum (PDS). The colony forming activities of cell lysates correlated well with
      their growth stimulating activities in PDS-supplemented medium. The growth
      factor(s) were shown to be sensitive to trypsin and dithiothreitol (DTT), but
      heat stable. However, these transformed HDF cell lines did not all produce tumor
      nodules when injected into hamsters. This was not due to immunological rejection
      because similar results were obtained in hamsters treated with anti-hamster
      thymocyte serum (ATS). Thus it was concluded that production of these growth
      factor(s) by transformed HDF cell lines is not itself sufficient for acquisition
      of complete malignancy in vivo.

PMID- 4044634
TI  - Family history of cancer among cases of upper urothelial tumours in a Balkan
      nephropathy area.
AB  - The highest relative risk of developing tumours of the renal pelvis and ureters
      (TPU) in a general population is confined to areas where Balkan nephropathy (BN)
      is endemic. Whether there is a higher frequency of cancer of any site in families
      with TPU cases from this BN endemic part of the world was tested by a case
      referent study. A group of 65 rural patients with histologically proven TPU was
      individually matched with the same number of their nearest neighbours, who served
      as controls. Comparison of age-standardized ratios revealed that over a period of
      30 years family members of the cases experienced a significantly higher risk of
      (non-urinary) cancer deaths than family members of their pairmates.

PMID- 4044635
TI  - Studies comparing population differences in sodium intake and gastric cancer
      rates.

PMID- 4044636
TI  - Incorporation of pyrimidines and 5-fluoropyrimidines into normal tissues and an
      adenocarcinoma transplanted into the liver in rat.
AB  - In a model of secondary liver cancer in Wistar rats, the incorporation of tracer
      doses of pyrimidines and 5-fluoropyrimidines into the acid-soluble fraction, RNA
      and DNA of several normal tissues and of an experimental adenocarcinoma of the
      colon transplanted to the liver of rat was determined 90 min after infusion of
      the substances via the gastroduodenal artery. There was a higher incorporation
      after injection of FUra than after uracil into tumor RNA. There was very little
      labeling of DNA by FdUrd but a greater labeling of RNA following injection of
      this substance than following deoxyuridine in all tissues including tumor except
      in liver, where it was of the same magnitude. All fluoro compounds gave high
      labeling of the acid-soluble fraction of the kidney and liver. The experiments
      will be continued with therapeutic doses of the fluoro compounds.

PMID- 4044637
TI  - O6-Methylguanine repair of methylated DNA in vitro: cell cycle-dependence of rat
      liver methyltransferase activity.
AB  - O6-Methylguanine DNA transferase activity was investigated in liver proteins
      obtained at various intervals after partial hepatectomy and/or after hydroxyurea
      induced synchronization of the liver cell cycle. Liver proteins were incubated
      with 3H-methylated calf thymus DNA as previously described by Pegg et al. (1981).
      The loss of O6-methylguanine was measured by radiochromatography of DNA
      hydrolysates. The extent of O6-methylguanine repair differed during the cell
      cycle: the activity increased in late G1, reached a maximum in early S phase and
      declined in late S phase and G2M. These results indicate that hepatocytes are
      endowed with an increased DNA repair capacity for this promutagenic lesion during
      the period of highest transformation sensitivity in the cell cycle. Though
      increased, however, this repair potential does not, because of its
      exhaustibility, appear to be sufficient to prevent initiation of transformation
      after high doses of alkylating carcinogens.

PMID- 4044638
TI  - Behavior of a fluorescent analogue of calmodulin in living 3T3 cells.
AB  - We have prepared and partially characterized a lissamine-rhodamine B fluorescent
      analogue of calmodulin, LRB-CM. The analogue had a dye/protein ratio of
      approximately 1.0 and contained no free dye or contaminating labeled proteins.
      LRB-CM was indistinguishable from native calmodulin upon SDS PAGE and in assays
      of phosphodiesterase and myosin light chain kinase. The emission spectrum of LRB
      CM was insensitive to changes in pH, ionic strength, and temperature over the
      physiological range, but the apparent quantum yield was influenced somewhat by
      divalent cation concentration. LRB-CM injected into living Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts
      became associated with nitrobenzoxadiazole-phallacidin staining stress fibers in
      some interphase cells. LRB-CM and acetamidofluorescein-labeled actin co-injected
      into the same cell both became associated with fibers in some cells, but in most
      cases association of the two analogues with fibers was mutually exclusive. This
      suggests that calmodulin may differ from actin in the timing of incorporation
      into stress fibers or that we have distinguished distinct populations of stress
      fibers. We were able to detect no direct interaction of LRB-CM with actin by
      fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FRAP) of aqueous solutions. Interaction of
      LRB-CM with myosin light chain kinase also was not detected by FRAP. This
      suggests that the mean lifetime of the calmodulin-myosin light chain kinase
      complex is too short to affect the diffusion coefficient of calmodulin. We
      examined various fluorescent derivatives of proteins and dextrans as suitable
      control molecules for quantitative fluorescent analogue cytochemistry in living
      cells. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextrans were found to be preferable to all the
      proteins tested, since their mobilities in cytoplasm were inversely dependent on
      molecular size and there was no evidence of binding to intracellular components.
      In contrast, FRAP of LRB-CM in the cytoplasm of living 3T3 cells suggested that
      the analogue interacts with intracellular components with a range of affinities.
      The mobility of LRB-CM in the cytoplasm was sensitive to treatment of the cells
      with trifluoperazine, which suggests that at least some of the intracellular
      binding sites are specific for calmodulin in the calcium-bound form. FRAP of LRB
      CM in the nuclei of living 3T3 cells indicated that the analogue was highly
      mobile within the nucleus but entered the nucleus from the cytoplasm much more
      slowly than fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran of comparable molecular size and
      much more slowly than predicted from its mobility in cytoplasm.

PMID- 4044639
TI  - Immunocytochemical study of the partition and distribution of Sindbis virus
      glycoproteins in freeze-fractured membranes of infected baby hamster kidney
      cells.
AB  - Sindbis virus-infected baby hamster kidney cells were analyzed by thin section
      fracture-label. Specific immunolabel with antiviral glycoprotein antibodies or
      with conventional lectin label (wheat germ agglutinin) were used in conjunction
      with colloidal gold-conjugated protein A or ovomucoid, respectively. In addition,
      intact infected cells were analyzed with both labeling procedures. Experiments
      with Sindbis infected-chick embryo fibroblast cells were carried out as controls.
      Viral transmembrane glycoproteins appeared present in freeze-fractured inner and
      outer nuclear membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi stacks and vesicles, and
      plasma membranes; a clear preferential partition with the exoplasmic faces of all
      intracellular membranes was observed. By contrast, at the plasma membrane level,
      Sindbis glycoproteins were found to partition preferentially with the
      protoplasmic face. It seems likely that this protoplasmic partition is related to
      the binding with the nucleocapsid that takes place during the budding of the
      virus. At the cell surface, viral glycoproteins always appeared clustered and
      were predominantly associated with budding figures: moreover, large portions of
      the plasma membrane were devoid of both glycoproteins and budding viruses.

PMID- 4044640
TI  - Preparation of a gap junction fraction from uteri of pregnant rats: the 28-kD
      polypeptides of uterus, liver, and heart gap junctions are homologous.
AB  - A procedure for the preparation of a gap junction fraction from the uteri of
      pregnant rats is described. The uterine gap junctions, when examined by electron
      microscopy of thin sections and in negatively stained preparations, were similar
      to gap junctions isolated from heart and liver. Major proteins of similar
      apparent molecular weight (Mr 28,000) were found in gap junction fractions
      isolated from the uterus, heart, and liver, and were shown to have highly
      homologous structures by two-dimensional mapping of their tryptic peptides. An Mr
      10,000 polypeptide, previously deduced to be a proteolytic product of the Mr
      28,000 polypeptide of rat liver (Nicholson, B. J., L. J. Takemoto, M. W.
      Hunkapiller, L. E. Hood, and J.-P. Revel, 1983, Cell, 32:967-978), was also
      studied and shown by chymotryptic mapping to be homologous in the uterine, heart,
      and liver gap junction fractions. An antibody raised in rabbits to a synthetic
      peptide corresponding to an amino-terminal sequence of the liver gap junction
      protein recognized Mr 28,000 proteins in the three tissues studied, showing that
      the proteins shared common antigenic determinants. These results indicate that
      gap junctions are biochemically conserved plasma membrane specializations. The
      view that gap junctions are tissue-specific plasma membrane organelles based on
      previous comparisons of Mr 26,000-30,000 polypeptides is not sustained by the
      present results.

PMID- 4044641
TI  - Myomesin and M-protein: expression of two M-band proteins in pectoral muscle and
      heart during development.
AB  - The expression of the myofibrillar M-band proteins myomesin and M-protein was
      studied in chicken pectoral muscle and heart during differentiation using
      monoclonal antibodies in a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay, immunoblotting, and immunocytochemistry. In presumptive pectoral muscle,
      myomesin accumulated first, increasing from 2% of the adult concentration at day
      7 to 70% by day 16 in ovo. M-protein accumulation lagged 6-7 d behind that of
      myomesin attaining only 40% of the adult concentration in ovo. The molecular
      masses of myomesin (185 kD) and M-protein (165 kD) remained constant during
      embryogenesis. In cultured myogenic cells the accumulation and M-band
      localization of myomesin preceded that of M-protein by 1.5 d. Chicken heart was
      shown, in addition to M-protein, to contain unique isoforms of myomesin. In
      hearts of 6 d embryos, a 195-kD myomesin isoform was the major species;
      throughout development, however, a transition to a mixture of 195 and 190 kD was
      observed, the latter being the major species in the adult tissue. During heart
      differentiation the initial accumulation of myomesin again preceded that of M
      protein, albeit on an earlier time scale than in pectoral muscle with M-protein
      reaching adult proportions first.

PMID- 4044642
TI  - Lipid molecular shape affects erythrocyte morphology: a study involving
      replacement of native phosphatidylcholine with different species followed by
      treatment of cells with sphingomyelinase C or phospholipase A2.
AB  - In a previous report it was shown that the replacement of native erythrocyte
      phosphatidylcholine (PC) with different PC species which have defined acyl chain
      compositions can lead to morphological changes (Kuypers, F.A., W. Berendsen, B.
      Roelofsen, J. A. F. Op den Kamp, and L.L.M. van Deenen, 1984, J. Cell Biol.,
      99:2260-2267). It was proposed that differences in molecular shape between the
      introduced PC species and normal erythrocyte PC caused the membrane to bend
      outwards or inwards, depending on the shape of the PC exchanged. To support this
      proposal, two requirements would have to be fulfilled: the exchange reaction
      would take place only with the outer lipid monolayer of the erythrocyte, and the
      extent of lipid transbilayer movement would be restricted. If this theory is
      correct, any treatment causing unilateral changes in lipid molecular shape should
      lead to predictable morphological changes. Since this hypothesis is a refinement
      of the coupled bilayer hypothesis, but so far lacks experimental support, we have
      sought other means to change lipid molecular shape unilaterally. Shape changes of
      human erythrocytes were induced by the replacement of native PC by various PC
      species using a phosphatidylcholine-specific transfer protein: by hydrolysis of
      phospholipids in intact cells using sphingomyelinase C or phospholipase A2, and
      by the combination of both procedures. The morphological changes were
      predictable; additive when both treatments were applied, and explicable on the
      basis of the geometry of the lipid molecules involved. The results strongly
      support the notion that lipid molecular shape affects erythrocyte morphology.

PMID- 4044643
TI  - Role of fibronectin in primary mesenchyme cell migration in the sea urchin.
AB  - We studied the effect of fibronectin (FN) on the behavior of primary mesenchyme
      cells isolated from sea urchin mesenchyme blastulae in vitro using a time-lapse
      technique. The migration of isolated primary mesenchyme cells reconstituted in
      seawater and horse serum is dependent on the presence or absence of exogenous FN
      in the culture media. The cells in FN, 4 and 40 micrograms/ml, show a high
      percentage of migration and migrate long distances, whereas a higher
      concentration of FN at 400 micrograms/ml tends to inhibit migration.

PMID- 4044644
TI  - Extracellular matrix regulates Sertoli cell differentiation, testicular cord
      formation, and germ cell development in vitro.
AB  - Sertoli cell preparations isolated from 10-day-old rats were cultured on three
      different substrates: plastic, a matrix deposited by co-culture of Sertoli and
      peritubular myoid cells, and a reconstituted basement membrane gel from the EHS
      tumor. When grown on plastic, Sertoli cells formed a squamous monolayer that did
      not retain contaminating germ cells. Grown on the matrix deposited by Sertoli
      myoid cell co-cultures, Sertoli cells were more cuboidal and supported some germ
      cells but did not allow them to differentiate. After 3 wk however, the Sertoli
      cells flattened to resemble those grown on plastic. In contrast, the Sertoli
      cells grown on top of the reconstituted basement membrane formed polarized
      monolayers virtually identical to Sertoli cells in vivo. They were columnar with
      an elaborate cytoskeleton. In addition, they had characteristic basally located
      tight junctions and maintained germ cells for at least 5 wk in the basal aspect
      of the monolayer. However, germ cells did not differentiate. Total protein,
      androgen binding protein, transferrin, and type I collagen secretion were
      markedly greater when Sertoli cells were grown on the extracellular matrices than
      when they were grown on plastic. When Sertoli cells were cultured within rather
      than on top of reconstituted basement membrane gels they reorganized into cords.
      After one week, tight junctional complexes formed between adjacent Sertoli cells,
      functionally compartmentalizing the cords into central (adluminal) and peripheral
      (basal) compartments. Germ cells within the cords continued to differentiate.
      Thus, Sertoli cells cultured on top of extracellular matrix components assume a
      phenotype and morphology more characteristic of the in vivo, differentiated
      cells. Growing Sertoli cells within reconstituted basement membrane gels induces
      a morphogenesis of the cells into cords, which closely resemble the organ from
      which the cells were dissociated and which provide an environment permissive for
      germ cell differentiation.

PMID- 4044646
TI  - Biochemical studies on cell fusion. II. Control of fusion response by lipid
      alteration.
AB  - The preceding communication (Roos, D.S. and P.W. Choppin, 1985, J. Cell Biol.
      101:1578-1590) described the lipid composition of a series of mouse fibroblast
      cell lines which vary in susceptibility to the fusogenic effects of polyethylene
      glycol (PEG). Two alterations in lipid content were found to be directly
      correlated with resistance to PEG-induced cell fusion: increases in fatty acyl
      chain saturation, and the elevation of neutral glycerides, including an unusual
      ether-linked compound. In this study, we have probed the association between
      lipid composition and cell fusion through the use of fatty acid supplements to
      the cellular growth medium, and show that the fusibility of cells can be
      controlled by altering their acyl chain composition. The parental Clone 1D cells
      contain moderately unsaturated fatty acids with a ratio of saturates to
      polyunsaturates (S/P) approximately 1 and fuse virtually to completion following
      a standard PEG treatment. By contrast, the lipids of a highly fusion-resistant
      mutant cell line, F40, are highly saturated (S/P approximately 4). When the S/P
      ratio of Clone 1D cells was increased to approximate that normally found in F40
      cells by growth in the presence of high concentrations of saturated fatty acids,
      they became highly resistant to PEG. Reduction of the S/P ratio of F40 cells by
      growth in cis-polyunsaturated fatty acids rendered them susceptible to fusion.
      Cell lines F8, F16, etc., which are normally intermediate between Clone 1D and
      F40 in both lipid composition and fusion response, can be altered in either
      direction (towards either increased or decreased susceptibility to fusion) by the
      addition of appropriate fatty acids to the growth medium. Although trans
      unsaturated fatty acids have phase-transition temperatures roughly similar to
      saturated compounds, and might therefore be expected to affect membrane fluidity
      in a similar manner, trans-unsaturated fatty acids exerted the same effect as cis
      unsaturates on the control of PEG-induced cell fusion. This observation suggests
      that the control of cell fusion by alteration of fatty acid content is not due to
      changes in membrane fluidity, and thus that the fatty acids are involved in some
      other way in the modulation of cell fusion.

PMID- 4044645
TI  - Biochemical studies on cell fusion. I. Lipid composition of fusion-resistant
      cells.
AB  - A series of stable cell mutants of mouse fibroblasts were previously isolated
      (Roos, D. S. and R. L. Davidson, 1980, Somatic Cell Genet., 6:381-390) that
      exhibit varying degrees of resistance to the fusion-inducing effect of
      polyethylene glycol (PEG), but are morphologically similar to the parental cells
      from which they were derived. Biochemical analysis of these mutant cell lines has
      revealed differences in whole cell lipid composition which are directly
      correlated with their susceptibility to fusion. Fusion-resistant cells contain
      elevated levels of neutral lipids, particularly triglycerides and an unusual
      ether-linked lipid, O-alkyl, diacylglycerol. This ether lipid is increased
      approximately 35-fold over parental cells in the most highly PEG-resistant cell
      line. Fusion-resistant cells also contain more highly saturated fatty acyl chains
      (ratio of saturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids [S/P ratio] approximately 4:1)
      than the parental line (S/P ratio approximately 1:1). Cells which are
      intermediate in their resistance to PEG have ether lipid and fatty acid
      composition which is intermediate between the parental cells and the most fusion
      resistant mutants. In a related communication (Roos, D. S. and P. W. Choppin,
      1985, J. Cell. Biol., 100:1591-1598) evidence is presented that alteration of
      lipid content can predictably control the fusion response of these cells.

PMID- 4044647
TI  - Trophic effects of skeletal muscle extracts on ventral spinal cord neurons in
      vitro: separation of a protein with morphologic activity from proteins with
      cholinergic activity.
AB  - Protein factors derived from skeletal muscle separately promote neurite
      elongation and acetylcholine synthesis in cultured rat ventral spinal neurons.
      Morphologic factor activity (neurite-inducing activity) is specifically found in
      rat skeletal muscle and cord neuron extracts, decreases with the postnatal age of
      the rats from which muscle extract is prepared, and increases in rat hindlimb
      muscle after 5 d of denervation. Cholinergic factor activity (acetylcholine
      synthesis-stimulating activity) is found in extracts of rat cerebral cortex and
      cardiac muscle in addition to spinal cord and skeletal muscle, increases with
      animal age, and decreases following 5 d of denervation. Biochemically, the
      factors responsible for these activities differ in their lability to denaturing
      conditions, apparent molecular weights, isoelectric points, and lectin-binding
      specificities. Under reducing conditions, morphologic activity is isolated in a
      single acidic glycoprotein with an Mr of 35,000, while acetylcholine synthesis
      stimulating activity is found in multiple species of different molecular weights.
      Thus, acetylcholine synthesis-promoting activities and neurite growth-promoting
      activity appear to reside in different molecules. Significant purification of
      several of these factors has been achieved.

PMID- 4044648
TI  - Synergistic stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity in bovine aortic
      endothelial cells grown in the presence of retinoids and glucocorticoids.
AB  - Low concentrations of retinol (10 nM-10 microM) and dexamethasone (0.1 nM-1.0
      microM) elevated activity of alkaline phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.1) in bovine
      endothelial cells in culture. The effect was apparent after 48 hr of growth in
      the presence of either of the two compounds, prior to any growth stimulatory
      effects. A synergistic stimulation of alkaline phosphatase was achieved in the
      presence of both retinol and dexamethasone implying different mechanisms of
      induction. Retinoic acid and retinyl acetate also elevated alkaline phosphatase
      but the retinol analogue reduced in the side chain (perhydroretinol) was
      inactive. The ability of steroids to elevate alkaline phosphatase activity was
      associated with the structure commonly required for glucocorticoid activity;
      however, competitors for the steroid receptor binding failed to prevent the
      elevation by dexamethasone or the synergism in the presence of retinol and
      dexamethasone.

PMID- 4044649
TI  - Characterization of a BALB/c 3T3 preadipose cell mutant with altered Na+K+Cl-
      cotransport activity.
AB  - A BALB/c 3T3 cell mutant (3T3-E12) was isolated by its ability to survive at a
      low extracellular K+ concentration (0.14 mM). The growth rate of mutant cells was
      less dependent on external K+ than parental cells. Analysis of potassium
      transport revealed that 3T3-E12 cells have a decreased activity of the furosemide
      sensitive Na+K+Cl- cotransport system, both in the efflux and influx modes. This
      is shown to be a result of a decrease in the apparent affinity of the transport
      system for K+ and Na+, but not Cl-. Upon exposure to the phorbol ester 12-0
      tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), BALB/c 3T3 cells exhibited a maximal
      volume decrease of 20%, while mutant cells shrunk by only 7%, suggesting that
      regulation of cell volume, at least four exposure to a tumor promoter, is
      impaired in mutant cells compared to parental 3T3 cells.

PMID- 4044650
TI  - Transcription of ribosomal RNA is differentially controlled in resting and
      growing BALB/c 3T3 cells.
AB  - Shortly after serum-deprived BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts are stimulated to grow in
      medium containing 10% calf serum, the RNA polymerase I activity in permeabilized
      cells shows a two-fold increase over the values observed in either serum-deprived
      or density-inhibited resting cells. Inhibition of protein synthesis by pactamycin
      or cycloheximide specifically reduces the enhanced RNA polymerase I activity in
      serum-stimulated cultures without affecting the values in resting cells. On the
      other hand, inhibition of rRNA processing by the nucleoside analogs 5
      fluoruridine and toyocamycin decreases the rate of 45S rRNA transcription in
      serum-stimulated cells but has no effect on the values found in resting cultures.
      These data suggest that the regulation of rRNA transcription occurs by two
      different mechanisms, depending on the growth state of the cell. One mechanism,
      in serum-stimulated cells, is dependent on a continuous protein synthesis and a
      correct 45S rRNA processing; the other, in resting cells, is independent of these
      two parameters.

PMID- 4044651
TI  - Effect of heparin on vascular smooth muscle cells. I. Cell metabolism.
AB  - Previous work from our laboratory has shown that heparin inhibits the
      proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in vivo and in vitro. The mechanism
      of action of this glycosaminoglycan is unknown. In this communication, we have
      examined the antiproliferative effect of heparin on smooth muscle and other cell
      types, and have investigated several aspects of heparin on smooth muscle cell
      metabolism. Smooth muscle and closely related cell types from several species,
      including human, were much more sensitive to heparin than any other cell type
      tested, including primary and established cell lines, normal and transformed cell
      pairs, fibroblasts, epithelial, and endothelial cells. Flow microfluorimetric
      analysis of cell cycle distribution indicated that heparin blocked either the G0-
      --S transition or a very early S-phase event in smooth muscle cells. Heparin
      rapidly inhibited DNA and RNA synthesis, but did not affect the rate of protein
      synthesis. The decrease in nucleic acid synthesis could be accounted for by an
      inhibition of thymidine and uridine uptake. Interestingly, heparin did not block
      amino acid or glucose transport. Although no change in the overall rate of
      protein synthesis was observed in the presence of heparin, we noted at least two
      changes in the synthesis of specific proteins by smooth muscle cells: two 35,000
      dalton proteins which appeared in the culture medium of heparin-treated cells,
      and the transient disappearance of a 48,000-dalton protein in the substrate
      attached material of smooth muscle cells exposed to heparin. The role of the
      observed changes in smooth muscle cell metabolism is yet to be determined, but
      they may provide valuable clues to the molecular mechanisms controlling the
      antiproliferative activity of heparin.

PMID- 4044652
TI  - Characterization of human megakaryocytic colony formation in human plasma.
AB  - We have analysed the contribution to megakaryocyte colony formation in
      methylcellulose made by human plasma, serum, media conditioned by
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated leukocytes (PHA-LCM), erythropoietin (EPO)
      preparations, and platelets. The culture system was used as a bioassay for
      megakaryocyte colony stimulating activity (Meg-CSA) in plasma samples of patients
      with perturbed megakaryocytopoiesis. Preparations of heparinized platelet-poor
      plasma yielded the most consistent results. Platelet-poor plasma of normal
      subjects will at best facilitate the occasional growth of small megakaryocyte
      colonies. Colony frequency and size are reproducibly enhanced in the presence of
      PHA-LCM as a source of exogenous Meg-CSA. Commercially available EPO preparations
      may vary in their content of activities that influence megakaryocyte colony
      formation. Addition of these preparations to cultures that contain plasma and PHA
      LCM usually does not enhance colony formation. In contrast to platelet-poor
      plasma, platelet rich plasma and serum are less supportive of megakaryocyte
      colony growth. It is suggested that this loss of activity may be related to the
      release of inhibitors by activated platelets or alternatively caused by
      absorption of activities by platelets. Plasma samples from patients with
      megakaryocytopoietic dysfunction may contain components that promote colony
      formation without addition of PHA-LCM or EPO. This phenomenon is consistently
      observed for patients with severe aplastic anemia and bone marrow transplant
      recipients after completion of their ablative preparative regimen.

PMID- 4044653
TI  - Biotin and choline replace the growth requirement of Madin-Darby canine kidney
      cells for high-density lipoproteins.
AB  - MDCK cells maintained on extracellular matrix (ECM)-coated dishes and exposed to
      Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DME) supplemented with transferrin and either
      high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) or phosphatidyl choline (PC) liposomes have a
      growth rate and final cell density similar to those of cultures exposed to serum
      supplemented DME. When MDCK cells are exposed to a medium consisting of a mixture
      (1:1) of DME and F12 medium (D/F), the addition of transferrin (10 micrograms/ml)
      alone supports cell growth and the presence of HDLs or PC liposomes is no longer
      required. MDCK cells exposed to D/F medium supplemented with transferrin can be
      passaged for more than 50 generations in total absence of serum. The F12
      components that support growth in the absence of HDLs or PC liposomes are biotin
      (which is absent in DME) and choline (which is present in insufficient
      concentration in DME). Supplementation of DME with transferrin, biotin (3.6
      ng/ml), and choline (10 micrograms/ml) allows optimal growth of MDCK cells and
      permits serial propagation through more than 50 generations. The growth
      requirement of MDCK cells for HDLs or PC liposomes can therefore be replaced by
      adequate concentrations of biotin and choline. The widely observed fact that a
      combination of DME/F12 medium is more effective than DME alone in supporting cell
      growth may be due in part to the lack of biotin and suboptimal choline
      concentration in DME.

PMID- 4044654
TI  - Production of insulin-like growth factor-II (MSA) by endoderm-like cells derived
      from embryonal carcinoma cells: possible mediator of embryonic cell growth.
AB  - The present study was carried out to determine if an insulin-like growth factor
      (IGF) type activity might be produced by embryonal carcinoma-derived cells. The
      cell line used to condition growth medium for the isolation of secreted growth
      factors was a newly established Dif 5 cell type. Dif 5 cells are a differentiated
      endoderm-like cell type derived from F9 embryonal carcinoma cells (which possess
      properties similar to mouse embryonic stem cells) following extensive exposure to
      retinoic acid. When growth medium conditioned by Dif 5 cells is chromatographed
      on Sephadex G-75 in 1 M acetic acid two peaks of activity are observed which
      compete for specific [125I]iodo multiplication stimulating activity (MSA) binding
      to PYS cells. MSA is the rat homologue of human IGF-II. The high molecular weight
      fraction (Mr approximately 60K) apparently corresponds to IGF-binding protein as
      determined by its ability to bind [125I]iodo-MSA. The low molecular weight
      fraction (Mr approximately 8K) is biologically active as this fraction stimulates
      [3H]thymidine incorporation into serum-starved chick embryo fibroblasts.
      Radioimmunoassay data indicate that the IGF-like activity produced by Dif 5 cells
      is more closely related to IGF-II than to IGF-I. Undifferentiated embryonal
      carcinoma stem cell lines (F9, Nulli, and PCC4) produced little of this MSA-like
      activity, while PYS-2 (parietal endoderm-like) cells produced about 16 ng
      MSA/10(6) cells/24 hr as determined by radioimmunoassay. Dif 5 and PSA-5E
      (visceral endoderm-like) cells, are found to secrete significant amounts of MSA
      into the growth medium (30-50 ng MSA/10(6) cells/24 hr). These findings offer
      further support to a proposal that MSA (IGF-II) produced by endoderm cells,
      particularly visceral endoderm, may serve as an early embryonic growth factor.

PMID- 4044655
TI  - The essential role of L-glutamine in lymphocyte differentiation in vitro.
AB  - The biochemistry of human B lymphocyte differentiation to plasma cells is
      incompletely understood. L-glutamine appears to be required for both
      lymphoblastic transformation and plasma cell formation in pokeweed-mitogen
      stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. Cells cultured with
      pokeweed mitogen in glutamine-deficient RPMI-1640 with 10% heat-inactivated and
      dialyzed fetal bovine serum were unable to incorporate 3H-thymidine or undergo
      morphologic lymphoblastic transformation assessed at 72 hours. However, 3H
      thymidine incorporation could be maximally restored with as little as 0.08 mM L
      glutamine or by using nondialyzed heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, containing
      approximately. 1 mM L-glutamine. In subsequent cultures, using glutamine
      deficient RPMI-1640 with 10% nondialyzed heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum,
      lymphoblastic transformation was equivalent with or without additional L
      glutamine supplementation. However, only cultures with 2 mM L-glutamine
      supplementation underwent plasma cell differentiation as assessed by cytoplasmic
      staining with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin. When the kinetics of
      cellular immunoglobulin synthesis and secretion were analyzed by 3H- leucine
      incorporation into immunoglobulin, synthesis was 2-5 fold greater, and secretion
      3-10-fold greater in cell cultures with 2 mM L-glutamine supplementation. By
      electron microscopy, only the glutamine-supplemented cells showed development of
      rough endoplasmic reticulum consistent with active immunoglobulin production. L
      glutamine supplementation had no apparent effect on cell recovery, viability, % B
      cells, % T cells, % monocytes, or % helper and suppressor T cells. Thus, L
      glutamine is essential for both lymphoblastic transformation and plasma cell
      differentiation. Future investigation of the selective nutritional requirements
      of cultured cells should yield further insights into the biochemical control of
      immune cell differentiation and function.

PMID- 4044656
TI  - Respiratory metabolism of L-929 cells at different water contents and volumes.
AB  - Oxygen consumption was measured in mouse L-929 cells whose volumes and water
      contents were reduced by adding sorbitol to the medium. The volume of water lost
      due to a given sorbitol supplement exceeded the loss in apparent cell volume. An
      explanation is given for this discrepancy. The rate of oxygen uptake in the
      absence of exogenous respiratory substrate was essentially the same in cells
      whose total volume was reduced by 45%, amounting to a loss of about 70% of the
      total cell water, compared to controls at 'physiological' volume and water
      content. Cells under these same conditions responded to added substrates
      (pyruvate, glucose, and glutamine) and inhibitors (iodoacetate and 2
      deoxyglucose) in nearly the same way as control cells. These observations are in
      accord with and add to previous work showing that very large fluctuations in cell
      volume and water content have only modest effects on the rates and directions of
      a variety of metabolic processes. The results are interpreted in terms of current
      views on the composition and organization of the aqueous compartments of
      eucaryotic cells.

PMID- 4044657
TI  - The specific phosphorylation of a 40S ribosomal protein in growth-arrested
      tetrahymena is induced by sodium.
AB  - In the past few years, in vivo phosphorylation of ribosomal proteins has been the
      subject of extensive studies and the results have shown that reversible
      phosphorylation of small subunit ribosomal protein S6, ubiquitous in eukaryotic
      cells, is apparently related to regulation of protein synthesis initiation. Thus
      the level of protein synthesis under various conditions is correlated with the
      level of S6 phosphorylation. In exponentially growing Tetrahymena, however, such
      phosphorylation does not occur, but when these cells are transferred to
      starvation buffers, the rate of protein synthesis is drastically reduced and a
      40S ribosomal protein analogous to S6 of higher eukaryotic cells is fully and
      rapidly phosphorylated in all the ribosomes. We have studied the conditions which
      lead to this phosphorylation in growth-arrested Tetrahymena, in order to
      understand the physiological significance of this process. Our results show that
      there is no obvious correlation between this phosphorylation and starvation.
      Moreover, it is not a developmentally regulated process related to the
      conjugation cycle, but a modification induced by the presence of sodium ions or
      high concentration of Tris in the starvation buffer. The physiological
      significance of this process is discussed in terms of accumulation of negative
      charge density probably required for initiation of protein synthesis in the
      growth-arrested cells starving in Na+-containing buffers.

PMID- 4044658
TI  - Modulation of cell attachment to culture support by pH, fibronectin, hemin, and
      cobalt protoporphyrin.
AB  - When chick embryo fibroblasts were seeded in the presence of minimum essential
      medium supplemented with 1% (v/v) horse serum, the rate of cell attachment, after
      1 hr incubation, was less than 5% at pH 6.5 and about 50% and 80% at pH 7.5 and
      pH 8.3, respectively. If, however, cultures were pretreated with fibronectin, a
      substance that promotes cell adhesion, a high rate of cell attachment was also
      observed at pH 6.5. Two other compounds of totally different chemical nature,
      cobalt-protoporphyrin (CoPP) and hemin, also enhanced cell attachment at pH 6.5.
      CoPP was shown to increase the synthesis of proteins, but it did not affect the
      intracellular heme content of cells incubated at pH 6.5. The possibility that
      CoPP, and presumably also hemin, induce cell attachment by promoting the
      synthesis of a fibronectin like protein is discussed.

PMID- 4044659
TI  - Amphiphilic cationic peptides mediate cell adhesion to plastic surfaces.
AB  - Four amphiphilic peptides, each with net charges of +2 or more at neutrality and
      molecular weights under 4 kilodaltons, were found to mediate the adhesion of
      normal rat kidney fibroblasts to polystyrene surfaces. Two of these peptides, a
      model for calcitonin (peptide 1, MCT) and melittin (peptide 2, MEL), form
      amphiphilic alpha-helical structures at aqueous/nonpolar interfaces. The other
      two, a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone model (peptide 3, LHM) and a
      platelet factor model (peptide 4, MPF) form beta-strand structures in amphiphilic
      environments. Although it contains only 10 residues, LHM mediated adhesion to
      surfaces coated with solutions containing as little as 10 pmoles/ml of peptide.
      All four of these peptides were capable of forming monolayers at air-buffer
      interfaces with collapse pressures greater than 20 dynes/cm. None of these four
      peptides contains the tetrapeptide sequence Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser, which has been
      associated with fibronectin-mediated cell adhesion. Ten polypeptides that also
      lacked the sequence Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser but were nonamphiphilic and/or had net
      charges less than +2 at neutrality were all incapable of mediating cell adhesion
      (Pierschbacher and Ruoslahti, 1984). The morphologies of NRK cells spread on
      polystyrene coated with peptide LHM resemble the morphologies on fibronectin
      coated surfaces, whereas cells spread on surfaces coated with MCT or MEL exhibit
      strikingly different morphologies. The adhesiveness of MCT, MEL, LHM, and MPF
      implies that many amphiphilic cationic peptides could prove useful as well
      defined adhesive substrata for cell culture and for studies of the mechanism of
      cell adhesion.

PMID- 4044660
TI  - Effects of interaction between estradiol-17 beta and progesterone on the
      proliferation of cloned breast tumor cells (MCF-7 and T47D).
AB  - We have previously reported that the proliferation of cloned MCF-7 and T47D human
      mammary tumor cells can be inhibited by increasing concentrations of charcoal
      dextran stripped female human serum (CDFHS). The maximal proliferation rate was
      restored by the addition of 3 X 10(-11) M estradiol-17 beta to the culture media.
      These observations suggest that the proliferation of T47D and MCF-7 cells is
      regulated by a blood-borne inhibitor whose effects are neutralized by estrogens.
      In the present report we explore the possibility that progesterone alters the
      estrogenic response. MCF-7 cells were grown in DME containing 2-40% CDFHS.
      Progesterone, at 3 X 10(-7) M to 3 X 10(-12) M, had no effect on the yield of MCF
      7 or T47D cells that were cultured in the presence or absence of estradiol-17
      beta.

PMID- 4044661
TI  - The mechanism of iron uptake by the rat placenta.
AB  - The mechanism of iron uptake from transferrin by the rat placenta in culture has
      been studied. Transferrin endocytosis preceded iron accumulation by the cells.
      Both transferrin internalisation and iron uptake were inhibited by low
      temperature. Transferrin endocytosis was less susceptible to the effects of
      metabolic inhibitors such as sodium fluoroacetate, potassium cyanide, 2,4,
      dinitrophenol or carbonylcyanide M-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) than was iron
      uptake. Iron accumulation was decreased if the cells were incubated in the
      presence of weak bases such as chloroquine or ammonium chloride. These results
      suggest that, following internalisation, the vesicles containing the transferrin
      and iron became acidified, and that this acidification was a necessary
      prerequisite for the accumulation of iron by the cell. Further, the results
      indicate that the intravesicular pH was maintained at the expense of metabolic
      energy, suggesting that a pump may be involved. The importance of the
      permeability properties of the vesicle membrane in the iron uptake process was
      investigated by incubating the cells with labelled transferrin and iron in the
      presence of different cation and anion ionophores. Irrespective of the normal
      cation that the ionophores carried, all inhibited iron uptake without altering
      transferrin levels. In contrast, phloridzin, a Cl- transport inhibitor, did not
      affect either the levels of transferrin within the cells or the amount of iron
      accumulated.

PMID- 4044662
TI  - A reduction in the in situ rates of oxygen and glucose consumption of cells in
      EMT6/Ro spheroids during growth.
AB  - The rates of consumption of oxygen and glucose by EMT6/Ro cells in multicellular
      spheroids were measured at various times during normal growth. In situ spheroid
      cellular consumption rates were similar to those of exponentially growing single
      cells up to a spheroid diameter of 150 micron. Further growth resulted in
      decreases in the rates of both oxygen and glucose consumption which were
      correlated with the increase in spheroid diameter and cell number. At a diameter
      of 1300 micron, both rates of cellular consumption had decreased by a factor of
      2.5. The rates of consumption per unit of nonnecrotic spheroid volume decreased
      in a similar manner. Measurements with single cells demonstrated that the rate of
      oxygen consumption was coupled with glucose concentration, and vice versa. The
      rates of consumption for cells dissociated from small spheroids indicated that
      there was some effect of the spheroid environment. As the spheroids grew,
      however, association in the spheroid structure accounted for a smaller proportion
      of the total observed reduction in the rates of nutrient consumption. The
      presence of central necrosis also appeared to have no effect on the rates of
      consumption of these nutrients. Spheroid-derived cells showed a decrease in cell
      volume with growth as the cells accumulated in a quiescent state. Measurements
      with single cells demonstrated that oxygen and glucose consumption were
      correlated with cell volume and with the development of nonproliferating cells.
      We conclude that the observed decrease in oxygen and glucose consumption with
      growth in spheroids is largely due to the progressive accumulation of cells in a
      quiescent state characterized by an inherently lower cellular rate of nutrient
      utilization.

PMID- 4044663
TI  - Opposing effects of dexamethasone on the clonal growth of granulocyte and
      macrophage progenitor cells and on the phagocytic capability of mononuclear
      phagocytes at different stages of differentiation.
AB  - Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticosteroid, was shown to modulate the colony
      stimulating factor-dependent clonal growth of myeloid progenitor cells in
      semisolid agar cultures, enhancing the formation of granulocyte colonies (50
      100%) and suppressing the formation of macrophage colonies (75-97%). Modulation
      of the pattern of myeloid colony formation by dexamethasone (12-125 nM) was
      brought about when the steroid was administered to 6-day cultures at the time of
      culture initiation and up to 72 hr later. Dexamethasone inhibited myeloid cell
      proliferation when administered to 5-day liquid cultures at culture initiation
      and up to 96 hr later. Dexamethasone (12-250 nM) also enhanced the phagocytic
      activity of bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes toward heat-killed (HK)
      yeast cells (up to 100%) and IgG-coated sheep red blood cells (up to 60%).
      Enhancement of the phagocytic capability depended critically on the stage in
      culture at which dexamethasone was administered. Exposure to dexamethasone for 28
      hr up to 96 hr of 96-hr cultures of bone marrow cells did not lead to a
      modulation of phagocytic activity of the developing mononuclear phagocytes. The
      presence of dexamethasone during the critical period of 96 hr to 120 hr after
      culture initiation led to an enhanced phagocytic capability, which was
      statistically significant already 12 hr after the administration of the
      glucocorticoid. Dexamethasone induced an enhanced phagocytic activity when
      administered at any time after culture initiation provided that it was in culture
      during this critical period. When added at 120 hr of culture, dexamethasone no
      longer enhanced the phagocytic capability of mononuclear phagocytes and when
      added later than 156 hr of culture suppressed it. Dexamethasone also suppressed
      (up to 68%) the phagocytic capability of resident and elicited peritoneal
      macrophages. The results suggest that glucocorticoids shift the balance of
      granulocyte vs. macrophage formation at early stages of precursor cell
      differentiation. Reduction in mononuclear phagocyte growth and enhancement of its
      phagocytic capability might reflect accelerated differentiation/maturation steps.
      The inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on macrophage formation and on the
      phagocytic capability of mature mononuclear phagocytes and peritoneal macrophages
      might be a relevant aspect of the in vivo immune suppression encountered after
      glucocorticoid administration.

PMID- 4044664
TI  - The activation of specific gene transcription in the adipose conversion of 3T3
      cells.
AB  - During the adipose conversion of 3T3 cells, there occur sequential changes in
      cellular protein and mRNA composition. To determine if there are also changes in
      transcription, we have studied the transcripts of specific genes in isolated
      nuclei prepared before and after adipose conversion. Transcription of three genes
      encoding adipocyte-specific proteins was detectable only in adipocytes, whereas
      transcription of actin and collagen type I genes occurred in both adipocytes and
      preadipocytes. The activation of transcription of adipocyte-specific genes was
      not synchronous. Thus temporal differences in the appearance of different
      adipocyte mRNAs probably result from differences in the times of activation of
      transcription.

PMID- 4044665
TI  - Effects of bicarbonate on resting potentials in mammalian skeletal muscle.
AB  - In the absence of external HCO3, resting membrane potentials (Vm) in extensor
      digitorum longus muscle were depolarized as compared to the normal Vm in the
      presence of HCO3. Removal of Na or Cl form the HCO3-free media induced
      repolarization. In muscle in HCO3 buffer at 20 degrees C, internal K, Na, and Cl
      activities were analyzed with liquid ion selective microelectrodes. The averages
      were respectively, 119.7 +/- 2.1, 6.69 +/- 0.3, and 3.41 +/- 0.06 mM. In a high
      proportion of cells analyzed, the equilibrium potential for Cl was negative to
      Vm. Removing external HCO3, decreased internal K while internal Na and Cl
      increased. An increase in temperature and the application of HCO3 significantly
      lowered internal activities of both Na and Cl. Removal of HCO3 with temperature
      held constant caused a rapid depolarization, an increase in internal Na and Cl,
      and a decrease in internal K. Furosemide (10 microM) induced a repolarization of
      cells that were previously depolarized in the HCO3-free state, but the drug does
      not decrease internal Na.

PMID- 4044666
TI  - Two classes of primitive pluripotent hemopoietic progenitor cells: separation by
      adherence.
AB  - Methylcellulose cultures containing mouse marrow cells at low densities and
      partially purified preparations of erythropoietin and Interleukin-3 were scored
      after 2 weeks for the presence of macroscopic multilineage colonies (from
      "primary" CFU-macro GEMM). Whole cultures were then harvested and replanted to
      assess the number of "secondary" CFU-macro GEMM produced, but not detected,
      during the primary culture period. In such experiments adherent marrow cells
      yielded significantly higher numbers of secondary CFU-macro GEMM than did either
      fresh or nonadherent marrow cells. Removal of macroscopic colonies prior to
      replating showed that most secondary CFU-macro GEMM were not derived from primary
      CFU-macro GEMM. In vivo studies also revealed a differential effect of adherence
      separation on the frequency of day 10 CFU-S, which decreased, by comparison to
      cells capable of long-term repopulation, which increased. Primary adherent CFU
      macro GEMM from 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treated mice showed an 18-fold higher self
      renewal capacity than their counterparts in normal marrow. Nevertheless the
      majority of secondary CFU-macro GEMM obtained from primary cultures of adherent 5
      FU cells were again not derived from primary CFU-macro GEMM. Cells capable of
      immediately generating large multilineage colonies thus appear to represent an
      intermediate compartment of pluripotent progenitors whose self-renewal
      properties, may, however, vary over a considerable range. Our results further
      suggest that these progenitors are derived ultimately from a more primitive
      adherent cell whose tendency to begin to divide in vitro is low and whose
      presence correlates with cells capable of long-term myeloid repopulation in vivo.

PMID- 4044667
TI  - The synergistic action of the copper chelator bathocuproine sulphonate and
      cysteine in enhancing growth of L1210 cells in vitro.
AB  - The growth stimulating effect of a copper-specific chelator, 2,9-dimethyl-4,7
      diphenyl-1,10-phenonthroline-sulfonic acid on mouse lymphoma L1210 cells in vitro
      has been studied. Since they are defective in cystine transport, these cells
      require cysteine for their growth in vitro. However, addition of cysteine does
      not greatly enhance cell growth because it is rapidly oxidized to cystine. We
      have observed that the copper chelator potently inhibited oxidation of cysteine
      in culture medium and that simultaneous addition of cysteine and the chelator
      greatly enhanced cell growth. The chelator alone stimulated cell growth slightly
      by stabilizing a small amount of cysteine effluxed from the cells to the medium.
      The chelator also enhanced the growth promoting activity of 2-mercaptoethanol by
      stabilizing cysteine produced in the medium during culture. These results suggest
      that the chelator stimulates cell growth by inhibiting copper mediated oxidation
      of cysteine in culture medium.

PMID- 4044668
TI  - X chromosome inactivation during induced differentiation of a female mouse
      embryonal carcinoma cell line.
AB  - P10 is a line of embryonal carcinoma cells with a euploid female karyotype. By
      making use of variant alleles of X-linked genes and of cytogenetic procedures, we
      have previously shown that the P10 cells have two genetically active X
      chromosomes. We show here that P10 cells rapidly differentiate into a cell type
      resembling extraembryonic endoderm when cultured in the presence of retinoic
      acid. This differentiation is accompanied by X chromosome inactivation as
      determined by the appearance of a late-replicating X chromosome. Analysis of the
      X-linked variant alleles indicated that the P10-derived endoderm did not
      preferentially inactivate paternally derived X chromosomes. This result is in
      contrast to the situation in normal extraembryonic endoderm, and suggests that
      the X inactivation process in differentiating P10 cultures resembles that which
      occurs in normal embryonic rather than extraembryonic tissues.

PMID- 4044669
TI  - Microtubules and root protophloem ontogeny in wheat.
AB  - Protophloem ontogeny in roots of Triticum aestivum has been investigated
      ultrastructurally. Each protophloem pole consists of three cells, a protophloem
      sieve element and two companion cells, all originating from a single precursor
      cell usually having a pentahedral shape. This protophloem mother cell (PMC)
      undergoes two successive asymmetrical divisions: the first one gives rise to a
      smaller cell that will differentiate into a companion cell, and a larger one that
      divides again asymmetrically yielding another companion cell and a protophloem
      sieve element. The latter divides once more, but now symmetrically, increasing
      the number of cells. Both asymmetrical and symmetrical divisions are preceded by
      preprophase microtubule bands (PMBs), well demarcated by a great number (more
      than 100 profiles in a single band section) of microtubules (MTs). The plane of a
      PMB coincides with that of the succeeding cell plate, which fuses with parent
      walls at sites previously occupied by the PMB. The strict correspondence between
      PMB and cell plate suggests that a cytokinesis the latter bisects the PMB
      cortical zone. The possible role of PMB cortical zone in positioning the cell
      plate and guiding its expanding edges towards predetermined sites is discussed in
      relation to recent discoveries in other anatomical situations. The plane of PMBs
      (and hence of divisions) changes from one division to the next, so that the three
      successive divisions occur in three spatial planes transversely to each other.
      This change is probably influenced by cell polarity. Prior to each asymmetrical
      division peri-nuclear MTs were observed besides the MTs of the PMB. They appear
      before the PMB organization and persist throughout preprophase, but they change
      their position and orientation in response to the transition from PMB to the
      spindle organization.

PMID- 4044670
TI  - X-ray analysis of Lymnaea stagnalis muscle fibres does not suggest that the
      sarcolemma is permeable to lanthanum ions.
AB  - The cross-striated muscle from the heart ventricle and the smooth penis retractor
      muscle of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis have been investigated by X-ray
      microanalysis to establish whether lanthanum can cross the plasma membrane, as
      has been reported by other investigators. Tissues were incubated in 1 mM ionic
      lanthanum before fixation in phosphate- or cacodylate-buffered fixative. X-ray
      mapping for emissions in the lanthanum energy range indicates a concentration of
      emissions that coincided only with the network of sub-surface transverse tubules
      formed by the invagination of the plasma membrane and with the plasma
      membrane/extracellular space interface. X-ray energy spectra were collected from
      various cell compartments; peak-to-background ratios were obtained and analysed
      statistically. Cacodylate buffer is less effective than phosphate buffer in
      precipitating lanthanum, but no evidence to suggest the redistribution of
      lanthanum in cacodylate-buffered preparations was found. Lanthanum is
      precipitated only in the sub-surface transverse tubules and at the plasma
      membrane/extracellular space interface in both heart ventricle muscle and penis
      retractor muscle, fixed in either phosphate or cacodylate buffer. There was no
      evidence of lanthanum precipitation in the background cytoplasm or on any
      cytoplasmic organelle. These results confirm our hypothesis that lanthanum does
      not cross the plasma membranes in these molluscan tissues.

PMID- 4044671
TI  - Changes occurring in chloroplasts of Phaseolus following infection by
      Sclerotinia: a cytochemical study.
AB  - Dramatic changes occur in the ultrastructure of chloroplasts within host tissues
      during the infection of Phaseolus by the plant pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia.
      Electron-opaque deposits develop initially in the peripheral region of the
      chloroplast stroma, in cells in advance of the hyphal front. As infection
      continues, the amount and intensity of deposition increases and spreads
      throughout the chloroplast. The deposits possess a high degree of structural
      integrity in the form of a crystalline square lattice with 10 nm periodicity.
      Enzyme digestion studies have been used to show that the deposits are
      proteinaceous. Similar deposits are also induced by treatment with oxalic and
      citric acids, but not by the potassium salts of these acids buffered at pH 7.2.
      It is suggested that a pH change within the chloroplasts, resulting from oxalic
      acid secretion by the fungus, is responsible for induction of protein deposition.
      The likelihood that the deposits are ribulose, 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase
      oxygenase is discussed.

PMID- 4044672
TI  - Surface charge of insect haemocytes, examined using cell electrophoresis and
      cationized ferritin-binding.
AB  - Differences in the negative surface charge of haemocytes from Periplaneta
      americana and Schistocerca gregaria have been revealed using cell electrophoresis
      and cationized ferritin-binding. Although haemocyte populations from both insect
      species exhibit ranges of negative surface charge, both techniques show that
      Schistocerca haemocytes are significantly more negative than Periplaneta
      haemocytes. The results may help to explain why Schistocerca haemocytes adhere
      poorly to negative substrata, both in vitro and in vivo, and suggest that an
      electrostatic mechanism may be involved, at least in part, in adhesion of insect
      haemocytes to substrata.

PMID- 4044673
TI  - Thylakoid formation from coiled lamellar bodies during carposporogenesis in
      Faucheocolax attenuata Setch. (Rhodophyta, Rhodymeniales).
AB  - Chloroplast development during carposporogenesis in the parasitic red alga
      Faucheocolax attenuata Setch. was studied by electron microscopy. Proplastids are
      usually found in the peripheral cytoplasm of young carpospores and are
      characterized by the presence of portions of a peripheral thylakoid and coiled
      lamellar bodies that range in size up to 0.5 micron. One type of coiled lamellar
      body occurs in the peripheral region of the proplastid and is continuous with the
      peripheral thylakoid, while the other type is found in the central portion of the
      stroma. These coiled lamellae separate and expand, adding membranes to both
      thylakoid systems, thereby functioning as thylakoid-forming bodies. As each
      coiled lamella unravels, it forms an undulated double-membraned structure having
      the same width as a thylakoid. After substantial expansion, the developing
      thylakoids begin to straighten and assume a parallel orientation to each other,
      thus becoming mature thylakoids. Small coiled lamellae often persist in mature
      carpospore chloroplasts, and are utilized in additional thylakoid formation
      during carpospore germination.

PMID- 4044674
TI  - Microtubules are at the tips of root hairs and form helical patterns
      corresponding to inner wall fibrils.
AB  - Root hairs have sometimes provided contradictory evidence for
      microtubule/microfibril parallelism. This tissue was re-examined using optimized
      conditions for the fixation, before immunofluorescence, of root hairs. In
      phosphate buffer, microtubules did not enter the apical tip of radish root hairs
      and were clearly fragmented. However, in an osmotically adjusted microtubule
      stabilizing buffer, microtubules were observed within the apical dome and
      appeared unfragmented. Microtubules are not, therefore, absent from the region
      where new cell wall is presumed to be generated during tip growth. A spiralling
      of microtubules was seen at the apices of onion root hairs. Using shadow-cast
      preparations of macerated radish root hairs, it was confirmed that steeply
      helical microtubules matched the texture of the inner wall. In onion, the 45
      degrees microtubular helices are accompanied by similarly wound inner wall
      fibrils. Results do not support the view that microtubules are not involved in
      the oriented deposition of fibrils in root hairs. Instead, they are interpreted
      in terms of a flexible helical cytoskeleton, which is capable of changing its
      pitch but is sensitive to fixation conditions.

PMID- 4044675
TI  - Actin-regulating activities in cultured BHK cells.
AB  - A large proportion (60-85%) of the actin present in lysates of cultured baby
      hamster kidney (BHK) cells is monomeric at low temperature. All this G-actin is
      accounted for in the fractions obtained by high-speed centrifugation of the
      lysate in the presence or absence of non-ionic detergent; 98 (+/- 7)% of its
      reacts as monomer in the deoxyribonuclease assay. The fractions nevertheless
      possess actin polymerization nucleating activity, as assayed by the fluorescence
      of extraneous pyrene-conjugated actin, reflecting the presence of capping
      proteins and their complexes with oligomeric actin, which dissociate during the
      deoxyribonuclease assay. Despite the enhanced nucleation, the total proportion of
      actin polymerized at equilibrium is reduced, relative to that of actin in the
      absence of cell extract, presumably because of the presence of 'barbed'-end
      capping protein(s). With increasing concentrations of the supernatant material,
      the proportion of polymerized actin was progressively reduced and the presence of
      inhibitory activity against polymerization became apparent. On addition of
      micromolar concentrations of free calcium, nucleation by the supernatant
      fractions is greatly accelerated, but the extent of polymerization undergoes a
      further reduction, due to the elevated critical monomer concentration resulting
      from capping. Inhibition of polymerization by the supernatant fraction in the
      presence of calcium is much greater than by saturating concentrations of
      cytochalasin E. These observations are most simply interpreted as showing that
      the cytoplasm additionally contains a 'pointed'-end capping protein. The plasma
      membranes were found to have nucleating activity largely residing in the Triton
      insoluble fractions. Actin cross-linking activity was assayed by adding small
      proportions of either the supernatant or membrane fractions to a large excess of
      F-actin and analysing the pellet resulting from a low-speed centrifugation.
      Supernatant fraction, containing Triton-soluble membrane-derived material,
      possessed much greater cross-linking capacity than the membrane-free supernatant
      prepared in the absence of detergent. The membrane fractions had practically no
      cross-linking activity on their own. Nevertheless, a non-ionic detergent extract
      of the membrane enhanced the cross-linking activity of the supernatant,
      indicating the participation of more than one species in a cross-linking process.

PMID- 4044676
TI  - Consequences of parental exposure to serum-free medium for progeny cell division.
AB  - Proliferating serum-dependent 3T3 cells prolong their intermitotic time by 9-10 h
      after exposure to serum-free medium for only 1 h. This delay was only observed in
      cells younger than 4 h, i.e. cells in the postmitotic G1 phase (G1pm), as defined
      by time elapsed since previous mitosis. These data confirm earlier findings that
      cells are very sensitive to growth factor or serum depletion during the first
      part of G1 and that only a short exposure to serum-free medium is sufficient for
      the cells to leave the cell cycle. However, such cells that have delayed their
      first cell cycle in response to a short exposure to serum-free medium in early G1
      exhibit a reduced capacity to delay the subsequent cycle in response to a
      repeated exposure to serum-free medium. In contrast cells older than 4 h that are
      exposed for short periods to serum-free medium undergo cell division on schedule,
      but delay the subsequent cell cycle by several hours. This delay of the progeny
      cycle is mainly ascribable to the postmitotic part of G1 (G1pm). These data
      suggest that short exposures to serum-free medium exert an indirect effect on the
      progeny cell cycle and demonstrate that cycle times are not necessarily
      determined de novo in the lifetime of every cell, but may be influenced by events
      in the preceding cycle.

PMID- 4044677
TI  - Effects of dietary fat on the growth of normal, preneoplastic and neoplastic
      mammary epithelial cells in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - In order to determine: (1) whether there is a growth-regulating interaction
      between the mammary fat pad and mammary epithelium; (2) whether this interaction
      could be modified by dietary fats; and (3) whether these effects could be
      demonstrated in vitro, the following experiments were performed. Virgin Balb/c
      mice had the left inguinal mammary fat pad cleared of epithelium and were then
      maintained on one of four fully defined diets. These diets contained the
      following proportions of fat by weight: 5% or 10% mixed fats; 20% saturated fat
      plus cholesterol; or 20% polyunsaturated fat. To test for effects in vivo,
      animals received subcutaneous injections into the cleared fat pad of tumorigenic
      mammary cells (WAZ-2T(+SA) or WAZ-2T(-SA)) or preneoplastic mammary cells (CL
      S1). Dietary fat had little effect on the latent period of tumour formation, but
      a low-fat diet increased the invasive/metastatic potential of both tumorigenic
      cell lines. A high-saturated-fat diet inhibited the growth of normal and
      preneoplastic epithelium in vivo. To test for effects in vitro, CL-S1 cells were
      co-cultured with explants of cleared mammary fat pad embedded within collagen
      gels. CL-S1 cells co-cultured with adipose explants obtained from mice fed on a
      diet containing 20% polyunsaturated fat showed a threefold increase in
      incorporation of [3H]thymidine into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material.
      These results imply that dietary fats may affect the growth of mammary epithelium
      in two ways: the inhibition of growth caused by the high-saturated-fat diet may
      be due to systemic effects as it was not apparent in vitro; the increase in
      growth seen in vitro and caused by a high-polyunsaturated-fat diet is due to a
      direct interaction between the mammary fat pad and mammary epithelial cells. This
      interaction may be masked by systemic effects in vivo.

PMID- 4044678
TI  - Timing of sulphogalactolipid biosynthesis in the rat testis studied by tissue
      autoradiography.
AB  - The testicular synthesis of sulphatoxygalactosylacylalkylglycerol (SGG) has been
      studied in the rat by autoradiography of frozen tissue sections following in vivo
      metabolic labelling. The results are consistent with the synthesis of this major
      mammalian germ-cell glycolipid at the zygotene and early pachytene stages of
      spermatogenesis. Further synthesis of SGG is prevented by the appearance of an
      inhibitor of galactolipid sulphotransferase activity at the mid-pachytene stage.

PMID- 4044679
TI  - Use of aqueous two-phase partition to detect cell surface changes during growth
      of Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - Changes in the cell surface properties of amoebae of Dictyostelium discoideum
      during growth in different culture conditions have been studied by aqueous two
      phase partitioning on a thin-layer countercurrent distribution apparatus. Changes
      in cell surface properties were not dependent on the source of nutrients but only
      on cell density. There was a progressive increase in cell surface hydrophobicity
      with cell density in both axenic cultures and cultures grown with a bacterial
      substrate. It is proposed that it is these cell-density-related surface changes
      that account for the ability of amoebae grown in different conditions to sort out
      during subsequent development in a manner related to cell fate.

PMID- 4044680
TI  - Growth in cell length in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
AB  - The cylindrical cells of Schizosaccharomyces pombe grow in length by extension at
      the ends and not the middle. At the beginning of the cell cycle, growth is
      restricted to the 'old end', which existed in the previous cycle. Later on, the
      'new end', formed from the septum, starts to grow at a point in the cycle that we
      have called NETO ('new end take-off'). Fluorescence microscopy on cells stained
      with Calcofluor has been used to study NETO in size mutants, in blocked cdc
      mutants and with different growth temperatures and media. In wild-type cells
      (strain 972) NETO happens at 0.34 of the cycle with a cell length of 9.5 microns.
      With size mutants that are smaller at division, NETO takes place at the same size
      (9.0-9.5 microns) but this is not achieved until later in the cycle. Another
      control operates in larger size mutants since NETO occurs at the same stage of
      the cycle (about 0.32) as in wild type but at a larger cell size. This control is
      probably a requirement to have completed an event in early G2, since most cdc
      mutant cells blocked before this point in the cycle do not show NETO whereas most
      of those blocked in late G2 do show it. We conclude that NETO only happens if:
      (1) the cell length is greater than a critical value of 9.0-9.5 microns; and (2)
      the cell has traversed the first 0.3-0.35 of the cycle and passed early G2. NETO
      is delayed in poor media, in which cell size is also reduced. Temperature has
      little effect on NETO under steady-state conditions, but there is a transient
      delay for some hours after a temperature shift. NETO is later in another wild
      type strain, 132. Time-lapse photomicrography was used to follow the rates of
      length growth in single cells. Wild-type cells showed two linear segments during
      the first 75% of the cycle. There was a rate-change point (RCP), coincident with
      NETO, where the rate of total length extension increased by 35%. This increase
      was not due simply to the start of new-end growth, since old-end growth slowed
      down in some cells at the RCP. cdc 11.123 is a mutant in which septation and
      division is blocked at 35 degrees C but nuclear division continues.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4044681
TI  - X-ray microanalysis of synchronized HeLa S3 cells infected with Vaccinia virus.
AB  - X-ray microanalysis has been used to study changes in concentration of P, S, Cl
      Na and K in synchronized HeLa S3 cells in g1 phase infected with Vaccinia virus.
      No dramatic redistribution of elements between nucleus and cytoplasm was
      demonstrated during the first 6 h post-infection, during which time viral shut
      off of host protein synthesis occurred. [Cl] increased relative to [Na] and [K]
      during the first 3 h post-infection. The magnitude and direction of change in [K]
      and [Na] (from approximately 10 cells/analysis) was compared with data previously
      obtained by flame photometry (from approximately 10(6) cells/analysis) and found
      to be remarkably parallel.

PMID- 4044682
TI  - Flow cytometer study of anterior-like cells in Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - The Dictyostelium discoideum asexual fruiting body consists of spores, stalk and
      basal disk cells. Recently, a fourth cell class has been proposed. It has been
      suggested that these cells originate from anterior-like cells that remain
      undifferentiated. Anterior-like cells are randomly distributed among prespore
      cells in the posterior part of the slug. Here monoclonal antibodies that
      recognize the surface of prespore cells (MUD1), and spores (MUD3) are used in a
      quantitative flow cytometer assay to demonstrate that this fourth cell class does
      not exist in the mature fruiting body. However, the tip cells are slow to
      differentiate, and hence immature fruiting bodies contain a small population of
      undifferentiated tip cells. We confirm that anterior-like cells represent a large
      percentage of the non-prespore cell population in the slug. In this report we
      were unable to distinguish these anterior-like cells from prestalk cells on the
      basis of size or monoclonal antibody staining.

PMID- 4044683
TI  - Interlocked bivalents in reconstructed metaphase I cells of bread wheat.
AB  - Complete reconstructions of all the bivalents were made from electron micrographs
      of serial sections through six pollen mother cells at metaphase I of meiosis in
      Triticum aestivum (hexaploid bread wheat). At least two of these metaphases
      contained interlocked pairs of bivalents. In one, two ring bivalents were
      interlocked, while in another a rod bivalent ran through the centre of a ring
      bivalent. Two other groups of bivalents were too closely appressed to allow
      separation into individual bivalents and may have contained interlocks. Meiosis
      in other anthers of the same plants examined by light microscopy was considered
      normal. The frequency of interlocking found was much higher than reported from
      light-microscope spreads. Not all interlocks in metaphase I cells need adversely
      affect meiosis, but knowledge of their regularity and form may facilitate
      understanding the processes of chromosome pairing.

PMID- 4044684
TI  - Architecture of the microtubule component of mitotic spindles from Dictyostelium
      discoideum.
AB  - Ten mitotic spindles from Dictyostelium discoideum have been studied by electron
      microscopy of serial sections. We have used computer graphics to track individual
      microtubules (MTs) in three dimensions and to compare seven spindles at different
      stages of anaphase and telophase. The central spindle of early anaphase is formed
      by the interdigitation of two sets of pole-associated MTs. The distribution of MT
      lengths at this stage is hetero-disperse. During anaphase total MT length
      decreases by a factor of about 2 as a result of two opposing changes in MT
      length: the longer MTs that interdigitate become even longer, while the short
      MTs, including those attached to kinetochores, become shorter still and decrease
      in number. The extent of MT interdigitation is less in longer spindles than in
      short ones. In metaphase and early anaphase, the MTs are not in an ordered
      arrangement as seen in spindle cross-sections, but as anaphase proceeds the MTs
      cluster into a square-packed, paracrystalline bundle in which most of the nearest
      neighbours come from opposite poles. This arrangement and the condensation-like
      increase in order suggest the existence of specific interactions between
      antiparallel MTs. A quantitative analysis of MT positions supports this
      interpretation, but direct evidence for convincing bridges between MTs is
      lacking. The pole-distal ends of the MTs that interdigitate show an irregular
      termination (C-shaped ends in transverse view), as is characteristic of MTs that
      are either adding or losing subunits. Since it is these interdigitating MTs that
      elongate, and since the shortening MTs show the customary blunt endings, we
      conclude that subunits add to the interdigitating MTs at their pole-distal ends.
      This inference, combined with other structural data, suggests that the
      interdigitating MTs of Dictyostelium are sliding over one another as they
      polymerize in anaphase. It also suggests a simple model for why the spindle
      becomes thinner as it elongates. We propose that MT interdigitation defines a
      region where MTs bind a factor that will associate only with antiparallel MTs.
      This factor biases the MT assembly equilibrium toward polymer. As the shorter MTs
      slide out of this region, they lose their polymerization advantage and
      depolymerize, releasing subunits to contribute to the further elongation of the
      already longer MTs. The properties of the Dictyostelium spindle are compared with
      those of both higher and lower eukaryotes.

PMID- 4044685
TI  - The chemical information system and spectral databases.
AB  - From 1970 to 1984, the U.S. Government cooperated with various organizations in
      the support of the development, maintenance, and distribution of a computer-based
      chemical information system of spectral and other numeric databases, known as the
      NIH/EPA Chemical Information System (CIS). This presentation discusses the
      history of the project and related activities in the area of numeric database
      activities and summarizes the current state of the project.

PMID- 4044686
TI  - Computer-assisted studies of molecular structure-biological activity
      relationships.
AB  - Computer-assisted methods can be used to investigate the relationships between
      the molecular structures of compounds and their biological activity. A number of
      approaches have been reported in the literature, including correlations of
      activity with substituent constants, conformational analysis and display, quantum
      mechanical methods, and methods relying on discriminant development and pattern
      recognition techniques. Application areas for this technology include drug
      design, agricultural chemical design, and studies of chemical toxicity and
      genetic toxicity (mutagenic or carcinogenic potential). These structure-activity
      methods are introduced, and citations are given. Several current structure
      activity relationship (SAR) studies using pattern recognition are presented as
      examples of typical projects that are feasible with this approach. These include
      the investigation of a set of 122 antiinflammatory steroids, a study of 153
      retinoids for cancer prevention, and a study of chemicals that have been tested
      in a sister chromatid exchange mutagen screen.

PMID- 4044687
TI  - [Bacterial environment and infectious complications of arterial prostheses.
      Retrospective study of 111 cases].
AB  - 648 pre-, per-, or post-operative bacteriological sample or 111 arterial
      prosthesis operated in a general surgical word were reviewed. Per operative
      cultures were positive in 2,5 per cent (intra-arterial thrombus or aneurysm
      wall), systematic post-operative cultures in 2,7 per cent (IV and urinary
      catheters, drains) and clinically oriented post-operative cultures in 10 per
      cent. No correlation between open pre-operative infection or bacterial
      contamination far from the wound and prosthetic infection was noted. Never the
      less, positive per-operative cultures or drains cultures has to be considered as
      a potential sepsis. According to the prevention of infection in a word including
      septic patients, the rate of prosthetic contamination was 1,8 per-cent and the
      rate of sub-cutaneous wound infection was 3,6 per-cent, which does not seem to be
      greater than usual results.

PMID- 4044688
TI  - [Acute intestinal occlusion caused by phytobezoar in Israel. Role of oranges and
      persimmons].
AB  - Forty-one patients were operated upon for acute intestinal obstruction secondary
      to the presence of phytobezoars, 34 of these patients (83%) having a history of
      previous gastric surgery for ulcer. The etiologic factor in 44% of cases was
      oranges and in 56% persimmons (Kakis). Treatment was by enterotomy in 27 patients
      (65,85%) and by "milking" in 14 (34,15%). Postoperative mortality was 2,44% (1
      case). Recurrence was noted in three cases (7,3%) including one with an
      ileocutaneous fistula, treatment being by enterotomy in 2 cases and "milking" in
      the third patient. First intention intestinal resection was never required. Five
      patients required several admissions for subacute obstruction treated
      conservatively. These findings suggest that gastric surgery predisposes to
      intestinal obstruction by phytobezoar. Careful exploration of the digestive tube
      and particularly the stomach should avoid postoperative relapse, while prevention
      depends on a dietary regimen avoiding excessive intake of foods rich in
      cellulose, particularly oranges and persimmon fruit.

PMID- 4044689
TI  - [Traumatic lesions of the brachial plexus. Microsurgical treatment].
AB  - Extensive analysis of results of microsurgical treatment of brachial plexus
      injuries is based on the experience gained by Professor Ezio Morelli, Head of the
      Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand at the Civil Hospital, Legnano, Italy. The
      casuistic behind the aim of this report is an attempt to evaluate results
      obtained which demonstrate the validity of the proposed treatment and supply the
      elements useful for evaluation in the indications for this treatment.

PMID- 4044690
TI  - [Management of Meckel's diverticulum of fortuitous discovery].
AB  - A Meckel's diverticulum was discovered in 89 patients during routine exploration
      at the time of an appendicectomy. Subsequent treatment and complications of
      surgical correction of a Meckel's diverticulum are discussed. A different
      attitude appears necessary depending on whether the patient is a child or an
      adult : apart from some particular circumstances, a healthy diverticulum should
      be removed in children and left untouched in adults.

PMID- 4044691
TI  - [Unusual cause of pneumoperitoneum: upper genital infection complicating
      endometrial cancer. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - Two cases are reported that illustrate a very unusual etiology of
      pneumoperitoneum: production of gas by germs from an infected genital tract
      lesion. Possible germs that can be involved are described, as well as the therapy
      applied which led to a favorable outcome in both patients.

PMID- 4044692
TI  - [Popliteal aneurysms. Our experience apropos of 119 cases].
AB  - The authors report their experience of 119 popliteal aneurysms diagnosed in 76
      patients. They feel that the prevalence of such aneurysms is underestimated. In
      56% of cases there were bilateral aneurysms and in 24% of cases there was an
      associated aortic aneurysm. In 68% of cases, the popliteal aneurysm presented
      with complications. Clinical examination of the popliteal fossa gave a diagnosis
      in 66% of cases. In 1/3 of cases, arteriography failed to provide direct visual
      evidence of the aneurysm. The arteriographic diagnosis was then that of a femoro
      popliteal thrombosis, of stenosis or isolated popliteal thrombosis. In all these
      difficult cases, echotomography is essential to diagnosis. The authors feel that
      indications for surgery should be as wide as possible. They consider that there
      are three types of contraindications: an excessively precarious physical
      condition, absence of a distal vascular network, an asymptomatic thrombosed
      popliteal aneurysm.

PMID- 4044693
TI  - [Bullet wounds of the carotid axis. Apropos of 4 cases].
AB  - In three cases, there was an injury of primary carotid artery, and in one case a
      wound of bifurcation with a large destruction of vessels. In one, there was an
      A.V. fistula as shoot by the pre of angiogram. Only one patient was in light coma
      with right hemiplegia and aphasia. Repair was done with a simple suture in one,
      with a resection and a suture in an other. In two cases an inversed venous
      grafting was done. In all 4 cases results were satisfactory without any
      neurologic sequellae.

PMID- 4044694
TI  - [Severe arterial complications of radiosurgical treatment of uterine cancer.
      Apropos of 7 cases].
AB  - Complications in 7 of 350 patients receiving radio-surgical treatment of uterine
      cancer were severe hemorrhages from a large pelvic arterial trunk. The often
      complex clinical aspects and therapeutic conduct are discussed, as well as
      etiological factors of these accidents. These complications are more likely to
      occur in patients with large, secondary infected tumors treated by extensive and
      difficult surgery (enlarged lymphadenocolpophysterectomy) and high dose
      radiotherapy. They are provoked by necrotizing arteritis lesions for which the
      most effective hemostatic procedure is ligature of the trunk involved, the
      emergency situation usually excluding a more sophisticated embolization
      technique. The problem of revascularization of the lower limbs may then arise,
      for which only an extrafocal bypass appears possible. These hemorrhagic
      complications could be prevented perhaps by certain precautions during therapy.

PMID- 4044695
TI  - [Second opening, by endoluminal metallic loop, of a termino- or latero-lateral
      microsurgical vascular anastomosis].

PMID- 4044696
TI  - [Duodenocolic fistula caused by cancer of the right angle treated by right
      hemicolectomy and duodenojejunal anastomosis on a Y loop].

PMID- 4044697
TI  - [Latarjet's operation in recurrent antero-internal luxation of the shoulder].
AB  - Latarjet's operations as single therapy was performed in 52 patients admitted
      since 1976 with recurrent antero-internal dislocation of shoulder. There were no
      recurrences but three patients (6%) complained of residual instability.
      Effectiveness of results depends on use of a perfect technique : the bony ridge
      playing both an active and passive role should be level with the antero-internal
      border of the glenoid.

PMID- 4044698
TI  - [White thrombus syndrome. Apropos of 4 new cases].
AB  - Four new cases of the white thrombus syndrome have been treated over the last 3
      years. This is a rare but serious complication of heparin therapy, multifocal
      arterial thrombi developing in all three patients without signs of a hemorrhagic
      syndrome due to the thrombopenia. Physiopathologic mechanisms of this immunity
      phenomenon are discussed. The diagnosis should be evoked in all patients
      receiving heparin who on about the 10th day present vascular manifestations of
      the thrombosis type, rarely in association with a hemorrhage. Blood platelet
      levels are reduced to below 5000/mm3. Confirmation of diagnosis is by positive
      results of hematologic and immunologic tests. Treatment involves immediate
      cessation of heparin and administration of anti-platelet aggregation agents and
      anti-vitamins K or low molecular weight heparin, combined with arterial
      thrombectomy or prevention of pulmonary emboli.

PMID- 4044699
TI  - [Surgical risk in the treatment of esophageal cancer. Apropos of 100 consecutive
      cases].
AB  - One hundred patients with cancer of esophagus, including approximately 30% of
      serious cases as a result of age or associated affections, were treated by
      surgery between 1978 and 1982. The operative mortality of 6% confirms the
      evolution observed currently in specialized departments throughout the world.

PMID- 4044700
TI  - [The nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve. Apropos of 19 cases including 2 on
      the left side].
AB  - Nineteen cases of non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve were identified during
      3791 cervicotomies for thyroid or parathyroid excision over the last 7 years, the
      nervous anomaly being of vascular anomaly origin in all cases. Predisposing
      factors for its onset during aortic arch development are discussed, together with
      possible symptomatology and means for preoperative diagnosis. Frequency in the
      cases reported was 0,54% from 3098 dissections on the right and 0,07% from 2846
      dissections on the left. Although rare on the right and exceptional on the left,
      an aberrant non-recurrent pathway for the inferior laryngeal nerve represents a
      major, surgical risk during thyroid or parathyroid excision.

PMID- 4044701
TI  - [Gastric necrosis caused by acute gastric dilatation. Total gastrectomy.
      Recovery].
AB  - Acute gastric dilatation, a rare affection, has multiple origins. An episode of
      bulimia following a fast in relation to an anorexia nervosa is one of the
      classical causes of its onset. Diagnosis is by radiology and should be made
      urgently before instituting medical treatment combining aspiration and effective
      intensive care measures. Recovery is the general rule. The formation of an
      infarct and gastric perforation are complications of delayed diagnosis and are of
      extreme gravity, leading to a fatal outcome in more than 80% of cases. In the
      case reported, recovery was obtained by emergency total gastrectomy for global
      gastric infarction. Perioperative fibroscopy is the essential key to the choice
      between temporary esophageal exclusion or immediate re-establishment of digestive
      continuity.

PMID- 4044702
TI  - [Lateral ventral or Spiegel's line hernia. Apropos of 8 new cases].
AB  - Eight cases of lateral ventral hernia, or the so-called hernia of the line of
      Spiegel, included 2 serious cases complicated by a pyostercoral phlegmon. The
      principal anatomic, clinical and therapeutic features of these hernias are
      discussed, with emphasis of the probable underestimation of this affection and
      the value of parietal ultrasound imaging for its early diagnosis in patients with
      abdominal pain unexplained by a deep visceral lesion.

PMID- 4044703
TI  - [Cuffing of the distal esophagus in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux].
AB  - This technique was derived from Nissen-Rossetti's fundoplication operation.
      Anatomical bases for the method are described which allow the simple performance
      of a regulated and measured version (in spite of regional anatomical variations),
      that is non-calibrating (to avoid exposure to conventional sequelae of fundal
      plication) and reproducible (essential when comparing results assessed for global
      series). Technical features are described in detail and discussed, while
      emphasizing the importance of the following rules; respect of regional fascial
      structures, avoidance of vagal trunks, observation of the compliance of the
      gastrosplenic omentum and conformation of the gastrophrenic ligament to allow
      simple mobilization of the anterior and posterior hemivalves. A summarized report
      on 295 operations, performed on and 233 patients reviewed after 3 to 9 years,
      indicates low mortality (1.35% from complications arising from patients'
      condition generally), an acceptable morbidity (5.5% of complications requiring
      lengthened hospital stay) and very correct long-term results (no "gas bloat
      syndrome", 8 dysphagias, 15 radiologic and/or endoscopic recurrences including 11
      cases with clinical evidence of recurrence of reflux). The fact that distal
      esophageal cuffing can be adapted for cases of hiatus hernia, of peptic stenosis
      of esophagus, of undroppable cardia, and of associated duodenal ulcer or bile
      calculi suggests its use as a routine operation, if possible at an early stage,
      for all cases of pathologic gastroesophageal reflux.

PMID- 4044704
TI  - [Ruptured aneurysms of the aorta. Analysis of a series of 75 cases].
AB  - Rupture of an abdominal aorta aneurysm was treated in 75 patients between 1969
      and 1984. Global mortality was 70%, and factors influencing mortality, and its
      causes, are analyzed in this series. The presence and course of hemorrhagic shock
      is the essential prognostic factor, as well as the type of rupture. Mortality as
      a function of the groups varied between 27 and 90%. Causes of early mortality
      were directly related to collapse and its severity, other types of fatal
      complication being related to the patients general condition. Prognosis is
      improved by early diagnosis and rapidity of operative treatment. This series
      represents, in fact, only 36% of the total aneurysms operated upon during the
      same period, and a preventive surgical attitude is the only means of improving
      overall prognosis.

PMID- 4044705
TI  - [Aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. Fissures in the vena cava. Apropos of 4
      cases].
AB  - Four cases of aortico-caval fistulae of atheromatous origin have been treated
      over a period of 5 years, a frequency (4.8%) much higher than that reported in
      the international literature. Diagnosis in each of these 4 cases was suggested by
      clinical features associating signs of a complicated aneurysm with those of a
      high-output arteriovenous fistula, angiography showing the arteriovenous
      communication in one patient only. Treatment of choice is by graft to aneurysm
      sac and suturing of fistula by an endosaccular approach. Prognosis is much more
      favorable (mortality 25%) than that of rupture into the free peritoneum
      (mortality 77,4%).

PMID- 4044706
TI  - [Peritoneal complications during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis:
      surgical aspects].
AB  - The principal complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is
      peritonitis in most cases benign and treated effectively by local, specific
      antibiotic therapy. In some cases, however, the infection fails to respond to
      medical treatment and surgical exploration occasionally reveals serious lesions
      such as sclerosing peritonitis or an intestinal perforation. Prognosis is
      dependent not only on the extent and severity of the lesion but also on the
      rapidity of operative intervention. The development of an appendicitis, often
      masked by early antibiotic therapy, represents a particular course of peritoneal
      infection during CAPD.

PMID- 4044707
TI  - [Systematic research on an etiology in apparently primary deep venous thrombosis.
      Apropos of 59 cases].
AB  - Primary deep vein thrombosis was confirmed by phlebography in 59 cases between
      Jan. 1981 and Jan. 1984 in the department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the
      Academic Hospital of the V.U.B. Brussels. Investigations conducted in all
      patients included blood and urine analyses, chest radiography, electrocardiogram,
      gynecologic or urologic examinations and abdominal and pelvic ultrasound imaging.
      Findings demonstrated one or more risk factors in 92% of cases, the principal
      ones being obesity, a history of thromboemboli and, in women, the use of oral
      contraceptives. Nine patients had cancer and 4 of these received combined surgery
      chemotherapy. All cases of so-called primary deep vein thrombosis should be
      investigated routinely for risk factors, because of the need and possibilities
      for treatment in some of them, particularly since procedures are non-invasive, of
      low cost, and easily performed during initial heparin therapy.

PMID- 4044708
TI  - [Traumatic hepaticoportal fistula. Apropos of a case].
AB  - A case of post-traumatic hepaticoportal arteriovenous fistula between common
      hepatic artery and portal vein is reported. This localization of the lesion is
      exceptional, and early, marked clinical manifestations allow rapid diagnosis and
      treatment before the development of a portal hypertension.

PMID- 4044709
TI  - [Gastric duplication. Apropos of a case detected in an adult in a segment from a
      total gastrectomy].
AB  - Gastric duplications are cystic or tubular formations lying in close proximity to
      the stomach, gastric localizations representing only 3.8% of these digestive
      malformations of embryologic origin. They should possess walls contiguous with
      that of the stomach, and a smooth muscle layer fused with that of the stomach,
      their covering layer being digestive bat not necessarily gastric epithelium. Its
      presence was discovered fortuitously in a total gastrectomy piece from a patient
      with adenocarcinoma. The anatomy, diagnostic and treatment of these malformations
      are discussed.

PMID- 4044710
TI  - [Surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux in children. Apropos of 77 cases].
AB  - Seventy-seven children with gastro-esophageal reflux have been operated upon
      during the last 21 years. Gradually added to the classical digestive symptoms and
      signs were those of respiratory disorders varying between asthma and the "missed
      sudden death" syndrome. Analysis of anatomical forms showed a predominance of
      cardio-antral malpositionings (58%) in this age group (mainly young babies).
      Surgical treatment, presently based on that of Toupet, apart from classical
      formal indications, is conducted after 3 to 4 months of medicopostural therapy
      when there is persistence of reflux and/or of esophagitis on fibroscopy in cardio
      antral malpositions. Particularly as results of this surgery are good
      (disappearance of reflux in 83% of cases).

PMID- 4044711
TI  - [Volvulus of the right colon and common mesentery in the adult].
AB  - About two observations of volvulus of the right colon on common mesenterium which
      is a rare affection, the authors remind the clinical latency of this disease and
      the diagnosis difficulty which bring patient to be almost operated lately.
      Authors insist on the interest of the prevention and recommend radical surgery as
      a treatment of choice.

PMID- 4044712
TI  - [Cancer and gastric sarcoidosis].
AB  - A 63-year-old woman treated 28 years ago for pulmonary sarcoidosis was operated
      upon for gastric cancer. Histology showed combined lesions of gastric sarcoidosis
      and adenocarcinoma. This is an exceptional association, and the relation between
      the two affections is discussed, the most likely hypothesis being a sarcoid
      reaction to the cancer.

PMID- 4044713
TI  - [Music and surgery].
AB  - Results of the use of music in the operating room are described, the study being
      conducted in 72 patients by recording cardiac and respiratory functions in 29
      cases and from a questionnaire in the 43 others. Surgery had been performed under
      local or regional anesthesia in all these patients. It appears certain that the
      musical environment assists relaxation of patients and the comfort of those in
      the operating room, but it cannot be affirmed that it allows suppression of
      conventional premedication and reduction of quantities of anesthetic agents.
      These findings confirm those reported in the literature.

PMID- 4044714
TI  - [Eosinophilic granuloma of the pancreatic bed].

PMID- 4044715
TI  - [Villous appendicular tumor].

PMID- 4044716
TI  - intermediate care.

PMID- 4044717
TI  - Activity level and behavioral style in young children.
AB  - A portable microcomputer activity recorder was used to measure a 24-hour sample
      of activity level in 4-to 8-year-old children. Recorded activity level was not
      related to parental perception of activity level and did not differentiate
      children with differing behavioral styles. Parental perception of activity level,
      on the other hand, significantly differentiated children's behavioral style.
      Parents may be responding to a composite image of the child's behavioral style
      when they rate activity level. We urge caution in the use of the term 'activity
      level', which may have different meanings according to how it is measured.

PMID- 4044718
TI  - The Rutter scale for completion by teachers: factor structure and relationships
      with cognitive abilities and family adversity for a sample of New Zealand
      children.
AB  - A large sample of 7-year-old children (n = 940) was rated by teachers using the
      Rutter Child Scale B, a 26-item questionnaire covering a variety of behavioural
      problems. A factor analysis of the data revealed three main factors of interest,
      identified as aggressiveness, hyperactivity and anxiety-fearfulness. Measures
      based upon these factors had a reasonably high level of reliability and were
      moderately stable over a 2-year interval. An analysis of the relationship between
      these three behavioural measures and some cognitive measures indicated that only
      hyperactivity was negatively associated with cognitive ability. However, both
      hyperactivity and aggressiveness were related to adversity in the child's family
      background. The findings suggest the usefulness of distinguishing between
      aggressive and hyperactive dimensions of behaviour.

PMID- 4044719
TI  - Reading retardation and antisocial behaviour: a follow-up into employment.
AB  - The implications of the frequent overlap between reading and behavioural
      disorders in childhood are explored using follow-up findings on the secondary
      school progress and early work histories of four groups of boys, with an without
      reading retardation, and with and without behavioural disturbance. While the
      prognosis for the majority of the retarded readers appeared poor, certain
      particular features-high rates of early school leaving, unstable work records and
      especially depressed skill levels-characterized those with associated behavioural
      problems. The importance of separating out the effects of additional associated
      disorders and disadvantages in assessing the long-term prognosis for children
      with learning problems is discussed.

PMID- 4044720
TI  - Child firesetters: a clinical investigation.
AB  - The demographic, symptomatic, psychosocial and diagnostic profile of 104 child
      firesetters was investigated in a controlled case note and item sheet study of
      all children referred to an Inner London clinic between 1973 and 1981.
      Firesetters form a subgroup of severe conduct disorders, and are distinguished by
      a younger peak age of 8, higher boy/girl ratio and more marked psychosocial
      disturbance. The paper focuses on the relationships between background factors
      and firesetting, and also examines the relevance of enuresis and situational
      antecedents as specific determinants.

PMID- 4044721
TI  - The subclassification of child firesetters.
AB  - The possibility that child firesetters are a heterogeneous group was investigated
      in a cross-sectional case note and item sheet study of all children referred to
      an Inner London clinic between 1973 and 1981. Firesetters were most usefully
      subdivided by age, and secondarily by reason for referral. There were no links
      between enuresis and dangerousness or cruelty to animals. Methodological issues
      and the implications of the findings are discussed, with particular reference
      both to the development of the disorder and to the subclassifications drawn for
      conduct disturbance.

PMID- 4044722
TI  - An epidemiological investigation of minimal brain dysfunction in six elementary
      schools in Beijing.
AB  - Six elementary schools from urban, suburban and mountain areas of Beijing
      (containing 2770 school children) were screened with a standardized questionnaire
      and each suspected case was interviewed to determine whether diagnostic criteria
      were met for attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (DSM-III), with some
      cultural modification. The MBD prevalence rate was 3.1% in the urban, 7.8% in the
      suburban and 7.0% in the mountain area. Lower rates were found in the families of
      scientific and technical professionals or in those with higher education than
      others. The mean score or the severity of some clinical manifestations of MBD
      children showed differences in families with different occupations or educational
      levels. Social environmental factors were considered to play an important role in
      the development of MBD, which is possibly based on biological factors.

PMID- 4044723
TI  - The effect of proximal and distal feedback on the contingency learning of 6- and
      12-month-old normal and perinatally compromised infants.
AB  - Acquisition of a manipulative response under proximal and distal contingent
      feedback was examined in 6- and 12-month-old normal infants, and infants who in
      the perinatal period had experienced either CNS-related risk or non-CNS-related
      risks. Both risk groups experienced marked difficulty with the proximal and
      distal contingency tasks. With proximal feedback 6-month-old CNS-related risk and
      non-CNS-related risk groups failed to learn to control the contingency, whereas
      at 12 months all groups learned. The distal feedback task also differentiated
      between the normal and atypical groups, though only at the 12-month level. The
      findings also revealed a lag in the performance of the 12-month CNS-related risk
      group. The results are discussed in terms of attentional factors and the possible
      use of contingency procedures for investigating the effects of compromise in
      early infancy is noted.

PMID- 4044724
TI  - The effects of father involvement in parent training for conduct problem
      children.
AB  - Thirty families who received parent training for conduct-disordered children were
      divided into two groups, father-involved families and father-absent families.
      Immediately post-treatment both groups reported significant improvements in their
      children's behaviors. Behavioral data showed significant increases in mother
      praises and reductions in mother negative behaviors, child noncompliance and
      deviancy. One year later the children continued to show reductions in
      noncompliance and deviance. However, significantly more of the mother-child dyads
      who maintained behavioral improvements came from father-involved families.

PMID- 4044725
TI  - The development of concepts of simultaneity in children's understanding of
      emotions.
AB  - The development of children's understanding of simultaneously occurring emotions
      was investigated. A developmental progression was found in their giving examples
      of ambivalent situations (e.g. characterised by both happiness and anger); and in
      their descriptions of situations. The youngest children (mean age = 5.8) gave as
      examples of ambivalence two unrelated events associated with different emotions.
      At the next stage children (mean age = 7.0) were able to connect sequentially two
      events. At a third stage (mean age = 10.1) the children were able to conceive of
      situations in which two emotions of opposite valence occurred simultaneously.

PMID- 4044726
TI  - Extreme deprivation in early childhood.

PMID- 4044727
TI  - Simultaneous determination of althiazide and spironolactone in tablets by high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4044728
TI  - Determination of glycerol in pharmaceutical preparations by reversed-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography using a refractive index detector.

PMID- 4044729
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of methadone hydrochloride in
      pharmaceuticals.

PMID- 4044730
TI  - Investigation of operating parameters in high-performance displacement
      chromatography.
AB  - The effect of operational parameters of displacement chromatography was examined
      in the separation of various mixtures such as that of the main hydrolysis
      products of methylfurylbutyrolactone, a potential anticancer drug, the
      diastereoisomers benzoyl-D- and benzoyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-alanyl-L-proline, as
      well as polyethylene glycol homologues containing 1-10 ethylene oxide units. The
      chromatograph was assembled from modules generally used in analytical high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the column effluent was analyzed by
      an on-line HPLC unit at 30-sec intervals. Octadecyl-silica was used throughout as
      the stationary phase. Derivatives of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol as well
      as tetrabutylammonium bromide and n-butanol were used as displacers. The
      throughput was used as the measure of efficiency. In the absence of axial
      dispersion, for a given separation various displacers are expected to yield the
      same efficiency if the slope of the operating line is kept the same by
      appropriate adjustment of displacer concentrations. In practice, however, the
      optimum slope of the operating line has to be determined experimentally as most
      available chromatographic systems depart from ideal behavior. The dependence of
      the throughput on the flow-rate and feed load also indicated the presence of non
      equilibrium phenomena and the optimum value of these parameters was established
      experimentally. In most cases water was used as the carrier solvent but the
      separation of poorly soluble peptides required the use of hydro-organic carriers.
      Results obtained with octadecyl-silicas of different origin and a given displacer
      were found to vary significantly suggesting that even for stationary phases of
      the same type the selection of displacer requires special consideration. Most
      experiments were carried out with columns having dimensions customary in
      analytical HPLC. Increasing the inner diameter of the column did not result in
      the expected increase in throughout probably due to poor distribution of the
      sample at the column entrance. Therefore scaling-up the process requires careful
      engineering of inlet conditions. Throughput can be increased by connecting a
      small inner diameter column to the outlet of a large diameter preparative column.
      As theoretical predictions for ideal displacement chromatography do not hold in
      practice when axial dispersion is significant, optimization of the process
      requires experimental support. The results obtained in the separation of a
      variety of mixtures shed light on the most important operational aspects of
      displacement chromatography and suggest approaches to find optimum
      conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4044731
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of biotin and analogues.
AB  - Biotin, analogues, and chemical intermediates were separated by high-performance
      liquid chromatography (HPLC) using reversed-phase and anion-exchange
      chromatographic conditions. Reversed-phase separations provided a wide range of
      retention times and resolution of nearly all the biotin compounds from mixtures
      of the analogues. Anion-exchange separations gave generally shorter retention
      times as compared to reversed-phase separations and greater resolution between
      biotin l- and d-sulfoxide. However, fewer analogues were resolved from mixtures
      of the compounds with anion-exchange HPLC.

PMID- 4044732
TI  - Affinity chromatographic examination of a retention model for macromolecules.
AB  - Plots of log k' vs. log (1/[mobile phase modifier]) were made for a monovalent
      and a divalent solute using affinity chromatography. Some of the plots were
      curved and all exhibited slopes (Z values) of less than the theoretical integer
      values. It was shown that this was an expected result when lower forms of the
      solute were present, e.g., a divalent solute adsorbed monovalently.

PMID- 4044733
TI  - Determination of unsulfonated aromatic amines in FD&C Yellow No. 6 by the
      diazotization and coupling procedure followed by reversed-phase high-performance
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - Data are presented for the determination of parts-per-billion (10(9)) levels of
      aniline, benzidine, 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) and 4-aminoazobenzene in the
      regulated color additive FD&C Yellow No. 6. The determination involves chloroform
      extraction of the amines from the color additive, followed by diazotization and
      coupling with the disodium salt of 3-hydroxy-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid (R
      salt). The coupling products are then analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance
      liquid chromatography. An interference discovered during the determination of 4
      ABP required the use of 4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3
      carboxylic acid (pyrazolone-T) as an alternative coupling agent. The identity of
      each coupling product is confirmed by obtaining a UV-visible spectrum of the
      eluting solute. The liquid chromatograph is calibrated in the presence of the
      color additive by using the external standard method.

PMID- 4044734
TI  - Homogeneous [mono-125I-Tyr10]- and [mono-125I-Tyr13] glucagon.
AB  - The two monoiodinated forms of glucagon were prepared by lactoperoxidase
      catalysed iodination followed by separation by reversed-phase high-performance
      liquid chromatography. The intramolecular distribution of 125I was analysed by
      tryptic and chymotryptic cleavage of the isolated isomers. The results show that
      [mono-125I-Tyr10]- and [mono-125I-Tyr13]glucagon can be separated from each other
      and from the respective unlabelled polypeptide and thus can be obtained in a pure
      state with the highest possible specific activity. We have studied the receptor
      binding ability of both tracer isomers to isolated intact rat hepatocytes. The
      resulting Kd values were 2.0 +/- 0.2 nM for the tyrosine-13-labelled glucagon and
      4.2 +/- 0.3 nM for the tyrosine-10-labelled glucagon.

PMID- 4044735
TI  - Purification of radioiodinated photoactivable glucagon by isocratic high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - 2-Nitro-4-azidophenylsulphenyl-glucagon, a specific photoaffinity label for
      glucagon receptors, was synthesized and radioactively labelled with 125I. The
      radio-labelled peptide was purified from the reaction mixture by high-performance
      liquid chromatography in one step by isocratic elution from a C18 column with
      20.4% n-propanol in 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) as eluent. This glucagon
      derivative can be used to attach a label specifically to the glucagon receptor.
      The binding ability of the photoaffinity derivative was tested on isolated intact
      rat hepatocytes. Compared with a Kd of 3 nM for unmodified monoiodinated
      glucagon, the Kd value of the photoaffinity labelled monoiodinated glucagon
      tracer was 7 nM.

PMID- 4044737
TI  - Determination of 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid in bulk drug and compressed
      tablets by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for 2-(4
      isobutylphenyl)propionic acid (IBPP) in bulk drug and compressed tablets
      containing 100-600 mg of drug per tablet. The chromatographic system consists of
      a microparticulate octadecylsilica column and a mobile phase of aqueous
      acetonitrile buffered with chloroacetic acid. Whole tablets are disintegrated,
      and the IBPP dissolved in a solution of the internal standard in mobile phase.
      The resulting suspension is then centrifuged, and an aliquot of the supernatant
      chromatographed. This system separates IBPP from its analogues and degradation
      products in less than 10 min. Recovery of the drug from spiked placebo
      preparations was quantitative. Precision of the assay was 0.3 and 0.7%, relative
      standard deviation, for bulk drug and Motrin tablets, respectively.

PMID- 4044736
TI  - Evaluation of a rapid method for preparation of fatty acid methyl esters for
      analysis by gas-liquid chromatography.
AB  - The major limitation to fatty acid analysis by gas-liquid chromatography is
      associated with preparation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). In the present
      study, FAME preparations were made from plant oils (corn, olive, sunflower),
      sunflower oil margarine, lard and various animal tissue fats by a rapid
      transesterification involving tetramethylammonium hydroxide in methanol, and also
      by a longer conventional saponification-esterification method. Fats from animal
      (beef, mutton, pork) adipose tissues were extracted by a simpler modified
      procedure and also by the Folch method prior to the rapid and the conventional
      FAME preparations, respectively. FAME analysis on a gas-liquid chromatograph
      equipped with a Silar 10C glass capillary column indicated similar fatty acid
      composition of a given fat or oil, whether FAME was prepared by the rapid or the
      longer conventional method. The data obtained by both methods were very highly
      correlated for all the fats (r = 0.9895 - 0.9999). However, the rapid method
      showed a tendency for enhanced recoveries of lower chain fatty acids (e.g. 14:0),
      and also of unsaturated C18 isomers. Possibly, losses of fatty acids that
      occurred during the lengthy fat extraction, fatty acid esterification or ether
      evaporation FAME concentration steps (conventional method) were minimised by the
      single transesterification step (rapid method). This rapid transesterification
      method appears to be an attractive alternative to FAME preparation from a wide
      variety of different fats for gas-liquid chromatographic analysis.

PMID- 4044738
TI  - Determination of alpha-2-deoxy-D-glucose in topical formulations by high
      performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection.

PMID- 4044739
TI  - Fatty acid composition of human erythrocyte membranes by capillary gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - Capillary gas chromatographic and gas chromatographic--mass spectrometric methods
      were employed for profiling total fatty acid content of human erythrocyte
      membranes. The protocol was designed to efficiently separate, identify, and
      accurately quantify the fatty acid composition in human erythrocyte membranes.
      Washed erythrocyte "ghosts" were saponified in aqueous methanolic sodium
      hydroxide solution and methylated with boron trichloride and acid catalysis.
      Extracted total fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were analyzed using a highly
      polar cyanopropylsiloxane SP 2560 fused-silica capillary column. Total run time
      was 55 min, and 45 FAMEs were tentatively identified by relative retention times
      compared to those of known FAMEs. Confirmation of identities by mass spectral
      structure elucidation revealed saturated, mono- and polyunsaturated, and branched
      chain FAMEs. The presence of four fatty aldehydes was also confirmed as dimethyl
      acetal derivatives. Identification of cis/trans isomers was based on relative
      retention times and characteristic profile of the cis/trans FAME standard.
      Quantification of FAMEs for normal subjects showed some variation in relative
      amounts, consistent with expectations based on literature reports on total or
      phospholipid FAMEs from human erythrocytes. Separation of individual components
      of fatty acid families (n-3), (n-6), and (n-9) is demonstrated. Losses in
      relative amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids upon storing samples were also
      detectable by this rapid method.

PMID- 4044740
TI  - Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous
      determination of caffeine and its N-demethylated metabolites in plasma using
      solid-phase extraction.
AB  - An improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous
      determination of caffeine and its N-demethylated metabolites in plasma is
      described. Excellent resolution of all components is provided by reversed-phase
      chromatography using a mobile phase consisting of 1% acetic acid-methanol (83:17)
      at a flow-rate of 2.7 ml/min, in conjunction with a Waters Assoc. Nova-Pak C18
      column which was protected by a Waters Assoc. Guard-Pak precolumn module
      containing a Guard-Pak CN cartridge. Rapid extraction of caffeine and the
      dimethylxanthines from plasma was achieved using reversed-phase octadecylsilane
      bonded-silica columns (Bond-Elut C18). With only 100 microliters of sample,
      plasma levels in the region of 50 ng/ml for the dimethylxanthines and 100 ng/ml
      for caffeine can be determined using ultraviolet detection at 273 nm. The method
      has been used for measuring umbilical cord plasma samples to provide information
      regarding foetal exposure to caffeine and its metabolites and is also suitable
      for therapeutic drug monitoring of caffeine and theophylline levels in the
      treatment of neonatal apnoea.

PMID- 4044741
TI  - Detection and separation of mitoxantrone and its metabolites in plasma and urine
      by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method using ion-pair chromatography on
      reversed-phase C18 material was developed. After sample clean-up on XAD columns,
      mitoxantrone at concentrations below 1 ng/ml in serum and 0.2 ng/ml in urine were
      measurable with a coefficient of variation of less than 9.3% at a wavelength of
      658 nm. Four metabolites were separated in urine. The two major metabolites co
      chromatographed with the synthesized mono- and dicarboxylic acid derivatives of
      mitoxantrone. The method allowed the measurement of mitoxantrone and its
      metabolites in serum up to more than one week and in urine up to four weeks after
      administration of the drug.

PMID- 4044742
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the antitumor glycoside
      phyllanthoside and its stability in plasma of several species.
AB  - Phyllanthoside is a glycoside isolated from the roots of the Central American
      tree Phyllanthus acuminatus Vahl with antitumor activity against murine B-16
      melanoma and P-388 leukemia. We report a reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatographic assay for phyllanthoside in plasma using a 25-cm RP-18, 5-micron
      column with a linear 10-min gradient of 50% to 100% methanol in 0.3 M sodium
      acetate, pH 4.0, at a flow-rate of 1.5 ml/min. Eluting peaks were detected at 270
      nm. The lower limit of sensitivity of the assay for phyllanthoside in 0.5 ml
      plasma following ethyl acetate extraction at pH 7.0 was 0.25 micrograms/ml and
      the coefficient of variation at 1 microgram/ml was +/- 7.4%. Phyllanthoside was
      very rapidly broken down by mouse and rat plasma in vitro to an unidentified less
      polar metabolite. Formation of this metabolite was completely inhibited by
      preheating mouse plasma to 100 degrees C for 10 min. When mouse plasma was
      diluted 1:50 with water the half-life of phyllanthoside disappearance at 37
      degrees C was 2.0 min. Breakdown of phyllanthoside in plasma from other species
      was slower than in mouse and the initial half-life at 37 degrees C in dog plasma
      was 30 min, in monkey plasma 33 min and in human plasma 38 min. The same less
      polar metabolite as in mouse plasma was formed slowly by plasma of monkey and
      dog. Phyllanthoside did not accumulate in human red blood cells. Binding of
      phyllanthoside to human plasma protein determined by ultrafiltration at 4 degrees
      C was 70%.

PMID- 4044743
TI  - Differentiation between major species of the Actinobacillus--Haemophilus-
      Pasteurella group by gas chromatography of trifluoroacetic acid anhydride
      derivatives from whole-cell methanolysates.
AB  - A method based on whole-cell methanolysis and trifluoroacetic acid anhydride
      derivatization was developed for routine laboratory differentiation between
      isolates from the Actinobacillus--Haemophilus--Pasteurella group. All species,
      except Haemophilus aphrophilus, contained D-glycero-D-mannoheptose, although in
      varying concentrations. The distribution of this sugar could be used to
      distinguish H. aphrophilus from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, H.
      paraphrophilus, H. influenzae type b, Pasteurella haemolytica, P. multocida and
      P. ureae, and also H. influenzae type b from Pasteurellae. The pattern of major
      sugars in P. ureae and P. haemolytica resembled that of A. actinomycetemcomitans.
      Major fatty acids of the whole-cell methanolysates provided no basis of
      interspecies differentiation.

PMID- 4044744
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic separation and determination of 2
      (diethylamino)ethyl diphenylpropylacetate and its metabolites from biological
      samples.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of 2
      (diethylamino)ethyl diphenylpropylacetate (SKF 525-A; Proadifen), its two
      deethylated metabolites and a hydrolytic metabolite in biological samples has
      been developed. From many solvent systems investigated the compounds are best
      separated on an ODS/Sil-X column using an acetonitrile-phosphate buffer system
      containing 0.2% decylamine. The use of acetonitrile overcomes limitations
      associated with previously published methods for separating basic compounds where
      decylamine was used in a methanolic eluent. With the sampling procedures used,
      overall recoveries from biological tissues were around 80%. The chromatographic
      system also separates three tricyclic antidepressants which can be used as
      internal standards.

PMID- 4044745
TI  - Determination of coumermycin A1 in plasma by reversed-phase high-performance
      liquid chromatographic analysis.
AB  - Coumermycin A1 is an antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces hazeliensis var.
      hazeliensis nov. sp. as a sodium salt which exhibits antistaphylococcal activity.
      A sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic method was
      developed for the determination of the compound and three known homologues which
      are extracted from plasma buffered to pH 6.5 into methyl-tert.-butyl ether-2
      propanol (97.5:2.5), the residue of which is dissolved in the mobile phase and
      analyzed by automated reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using
      UV detection at 330 nm for quantitation. Novobiocin is used as the internal
      standard. The method was used to determine the plasma concentration--time profile
      of coumermycin A1 in the dog following a single intravenous administration of a
      12 mg/kg dose of a solubilized dosage form of the bulk drug substance.

PMID- 4044746
TI  - Determination of trimecaine metabolites in blood plasma by capillary
      isotachophoresis.
AB  - A method is proposed for the determination of trimecaine (diethylglycylmesidide)
      and its de-ethylated metabolites (monoethylglycylmesidide and glycylmesidide) in
      blood plasma by capillary isotachophoresis. The deproteinated plasma is extracted
      into chloroform after alkalinization and the total solids in the organic layer
      are dissolved in acidified 25% 2-propanol. Subsequent isotachophoretic analysis
      is performed in an operational system consisting of potassium acetate buffer (pH
      4.75) as the leading and beta-alanine as the terminating electrolyte. The order
      of the zones corresponds to the molecular weights of the separated compounds. The
      recovery of all substances of interest is 55% and the limit of determination is
      0.05 micrograms of each substance in 1 ml of plasma.

PMID- 4044747
TI  - Assay of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase by high-performance liquid
      chromatography with radiochemical detection.

PMID- 4044748
TI  - Quantitative method for the detection of glucose in body fluids by high
      performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

PMID- 4044749
TI  - Study of nifedipine photodecomposition in plasma and whole blood using capillary
      gas-liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4044750
TI  - Quantitative analysis of metoprolol and three of its metabolites in urine and
      liver microsomes by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4044751
TI  - Assay of nadolol in serum by reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography with fluorometric detection.

PMID- 4044752
TI  - Diltiazem and desacetyldiltiazem analysis in human plasma using high-performance
      liquid chromatography: improved sensitivity without derivation.

PMID- 4044753
TI  - Determination of tiodazosin concentrations in human plasma with a fluorescence
      high-performance liquid chromatographic method.

PMID- 4044754
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of apalcillin in plasma and
      urine.

PMID- 4044755
TI  - Influence of the biological matrix on retention behaviour in thin-layer
      chromatography: evidence of systematic differences between pure and extracted
      drugs.

PMID- 4044756
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of urocanic acid in
      stripped human stratum corneum.

PMID- 4044757
TI  - Monitoring radioactive compounds in high-performance liquid chromatographic
      eluates: fraction collection versus on-line detection.
AB  - This study compared two methods of monitoring radioisotopes in high-performance
      liquid chromatographic eluates (on-line radioactivity detector versus fraction
      collection and counting). Testing was accomplished by pumping solutions of
      tritiated water in acetonitrile--water mixture through the detector or to the
      fraction collector. At most solvent compositions, the detector's counting
      efficiency and detection limits were poorer than those of the scintillation
      counter. However, the reproducibility of the detector data was superior at
      acetonitrile concentrations of less than 50%. This was attributed to the
      difficulty in collecting fractions of small equal volumes at the lower organic
      solvent concentrations in short time intervals. We conclude that on-line
      monitoring with homogeneous detection is the preferred method for detecting
      radiolabeled compounds in high-performance liquid chromatographic eluates.

PMID- 4044758
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of coenzyme Q-related compounds and its
      application to biological materials.
AB  - A convenient and precise method for the separation and determination of coenzyme
      Q (CoQ)-related compounds (CoQ homologues, plastoquinone-9, ubichromenol-9, etc.)
      was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All compounds
      tested were separated using a reverse-phase column with a suitable mobile phase
      and detected at a wavelength of 275 nm. CoQ extracts in plasma and erythrocytes
      were purified by thin-layer chromatography prior to HPLC analysis, but such
      purification was not necessary when determining CoQ in urine and tissues.
      Hydroquinone forms of CoQ existing in animal tissues were oxidized to the
      corresponding quinone forms with potassium hexacyanoferrate(III). This HPLC
      method was applied satisfactorily to the determination of the contents of CoQ
      homologues in human and animal samples. CoQ10 was the only homologue detected in
      human samples, and CoQ8, CoQ9 and CoQ10 were native homologues of CoQ in rat
      tissues. Ubichromenol-9 and plastoquinone-9 were not detected in these samples.

PMID- 4044759
TI  - Determination of cotinine in biological fluids by capillary gas chromatography
      mass spectrometry-selected-ion monitoring.
AB  - A sensitive and selective method for the determination of cotinine in plasma and
      urine is presented. Quantitation is effected by capillary gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry after liquid--liquid extraction of 0.25-1 ml of biological specimens
      with a trideuterated cotinine internal standard. The procedure is linear and has
      acceptable precision over the range of concentrations encountered in
      pharmacokinetic studies of nicotine or cotinine. The suitability of the assay is
      shown by a number of plasma concentration--time curves after a single oral or
      intravenous administration of cotinine to a human volunteer and after multiple
      dose intravenous administration of nicotine.

PMID- 4044760
TI  - Determination of cianopramine in human plasma by high-performance liquid
      chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography with ultraviolet, fluorescence and
      electron-capture detection.
AB  - New high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and gas-liquid chromatographic
      (GLC) methods for the measurement of the antidepressant cianopramine in human
      plasma are compared for precision, accuracy, selectivity, sensitivity and
      convenience. Important differences were found with regard to precision,
      selectivity and sensitivity when ultraviolet, fluorescence and electron-capture
      detection were used. The mean coefficients of variation for intra-assay
      variability of cianopramine were 1.0% (HPLC-UV), 1.5% (HPLC-fluorescence) and
      5.3% (GLC) over the concentration range studied. The results obtained support the
      selection of HPLC as the method of choice for the analysis of cianopramine in
      plasma, based mainly on its merits of sensitivity and convenience, despite the
      enhanced selectivity of the GLC method.

PMID- 4044762
TI  - Simultaneous determination of potassium nitrate and sodium monofluorophosphate in
      dentifrices by single column ion chromatography.
AB  - The simultaneous determination of potassium nitrate and sodium
      monofluorophosphate in dentifrices by single column ion chromatography is
      described. Nitrate and monofluorophosphate are extracted from the dentifrice with
      deionized water and separated by a low capacity anion separator column with 0.2%
      sodium benzoate (adjusted to pH 5.8 +/- 0.1 with formic acid) as the mobile
      phase. A conductivity meter is used for concentration measurements. The method
      has been applied to commercial dentifrices containing both potassium nitrate and
      sodium monofluorophosphate. The mean recoveries for potassium nitrate and
      monofluorophosphate from spiked samples were 99.0% and 99.2%, respectively, with
      corresponding standard deviations of 1.73% and 2.55%. The minimum detectable
      concentration is 5 micrograms/ml for both nitrate and monofluorophosphate.

PMID- 4044761
TI  - Simplex optimization of extractive alkylation procedures for organic acids in
      aqueous samples.
AB  - Simplex optimization procedures may be used to optimize the yield from an
      extractive alkylation procedure. Three variables from the derivatization reaction
      (pH, methylating agent concentration, and phase transfer agent concentration)
      were chosen for optimization because they interacted with each other and could
      not be optimized by conventional means. The yield for methylation of adipic acid
      was doubled with relatively little effort. This procedure may be easily applied
      to other systems.

PMID- 4044763
TI  - Automated data processing for chromatographic assay method validations.
AB  - A set of computer programs has been developed for the automated transfer,
      storage, and processing of data related to chromatographic pharmaceutical assay
      method validations. These programs calculate and report statistical parameters
      relating to the resolution, linearity of response, and precision of an assay
      method based upon peak width, retention time, and integration data provided by a
      commercial chromatographic data system. Utilization of an interface between the
      data system and a microcomputer minimizes manual handling of all data. Techniques
      and equations used in the development of the software are described, and an
      application to the validation of a high performance liquid chromatographic assay
      method for a bulk drug substance is demonstrated.

PMID- 4044764
TI  - Dynamically modified capillary columns for liquid chromatographic separations of
      biological compounds.
AB  - Dynamically modified open tubular capillary columns were evaluated for
      separations of biological and clinical interest. Small diameter, dynamically
      modified columns were readily prepared by simple addition of
      cetyltrimethylammonium salts to the mobile phase. Separations similar to those
      obtained on conventional reversed-phase columns were observed for neutral
      solutes, and ion-pair reversed-phase separations were observed for charged
      solutes. Borosilicate and standard flint glasses were evaluated with respect to
      common etching procedures. A potential clinical application is presented in the
      separation of antitumor drugs.

PMID- 4044765
TI  - Capillary gas chromatographic analysis of volatile and non-volatile organic acids
      from biological samples as the t-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives.
AB  - A quantitative procedure for the analysis of volatile organic acids and lactic
      acid in silage is described. The samples were extracted with diethyl ether,
      derivatized by t-butyldimethylsilylation, and then separated by capillary gas
      chromatography. The same procedure was useful for the identification by gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry of organic acids in samples such as the
      metabolic fermentation products of anaerobic bacteria.

PMID- 4044766
TI  - Direct determination of adipic acid in urine by extractive alkylation.
AB  - Extractive alkylation procedures are shown to be inhibited by low levels of Cl-.
      The chloride concentration may be reduced by mercury(II) complexation and
      dilution. The mercury(II) also enhances the reaction yield through some
      undetermined mechanism. Minor modifications of procedures for standards allow
      direct determination of adipic acid in urine.

PMID- 4044767
TI  - Statistical age-period-cohort analysis: a review and critique.
AB  - Descriptive and statistical age-period-cohort (APC) analysis methods have
      received considerable attention in the literature. The statistical modeling of
      APC data often involves the popular multiple classification model, a model
      containing the effects of age groups (rows), periods of observation (columns),
      and birth cohorts (diagonals of the age-by-period table). The identifiability
      problem inherent to this model is discussed, and its adverse effects on the
      results of APC modeling exercises are illustrated numerically. Potential problems
      attendant with the use of two-factor models are described, and other possible
      modeling approaches currently in use are discussed. Interpretational limitations
      due to certain innate characteristics of typical APC data sets are also detailed.
      Given all the documented potential sources for error, the current state-of-the
      art regarding the statistical modeling of APC data should be considered to be at
      an early stage of development.

PMID- 4044768
TI  - An alternative approach to statistical age-period-cohort analysis.
AB  - Age-period-cohort analysis has generated considerable interest in epidemiology,
      but the model has fundamental problems which have been discussed by Kupper et al.
      While one can agree that the age-period-cohort model should be used with caution,
      it should also be noted that some useful inferences can be made with the model.
      The problems raised by Kupper et al. are discussed in terms of estimable
      functions of the parameters, which are not affected by arbitrary constraints on
      the parameters. The use of these methods are illustrated and specific examples
      presented where age-period-cohort models can be used effectively.

PMID- 4044769
TI  - A psychometric investigation of two measures of type A behaviour in a British
      sample.
AB  - Item-total correlations and principal components factor analyses were carried out
      on the responses of British males to the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) and the
      Framingham Scale (FRAM). The two male subject groups aged between 35 and 65
      years, consisting of 150 and 58 men respectively, took part. The results
      indicated that neither Type A scale was particularly reliable, as measured by
      Cronbach's alpha coefficient (JAS alpha = 0.54 for the larger subject group and
      0.39 for the smaller; FRAM alpha = 0.68 for the larger group and 0.61 for the
      smaller). The factor analyses indicated that a single factor was being measured
      by the scales, but that the amount of variance unaccounted for was large (83% for
      the JAS and 68% for the FRAM using the larger subject group). It is concluded
      that the JAS and Framingham Type A scales appear unsuitable for assessing Type A
      behaviour in individuals. The advantages of questionnaire measures of Type A
      behaviour generally are discussed and possible improvements to the existing
      scales are suggested.

PMID- 4044770
TI  - A comparison of direct adjustment and regression adjustment of epidemiologic
      measures.
AB  - Although regression adjustment can provide a useful alternative to direct
      adjustment, especially when data are sparse, many researchers are unaware that
      adjusted summary measures can be easily derived from regression coefficients. In
      a non-technical discussion with examples, the direct adjustment procedure is
      compared with three methods of regression adjustment based on analysis of
      covariance models: the conditional prediction method, the stratified prediction
      method, and the marginal prediction method. Both the stratified prediction and
      direct adjustment methods yield summary measures that are weighted averages of
      stratum-specific measures, while adjusted measures from the conditional
      prediction method are similar to stratum-specific estimates. In contrast to the
      other adjustment procedures, which can use internal or external weights, the
      marginal prediction method always gives an internally adjusted measure. Under
      certain conditions, the three regression adjustment procedures produce identical
      results. Major advantages of direct adjustment include computational simplicity
      and relatively few statistical assumptions. Regression adjustment, however, is
      more convenient for statistical tests for interactions and group differences, and
      often precludes the need to categorize continuous variables, so that problems
      with empty strata are avoided.

PMID- 4044771
TI  - Oral glucose tolerance and the potency of contraceptive progestins.
AB  - Two-hour oral glucose tolerance test results from the Walnut Creek Contraceptive
      Drug Study, a 10-year prospective follow-up study on the metabolic and medical
      effects of the "pill," were analyzed to determine the contribution of six
      progestins and synthetic estrogen to an observed decrease in glucose tolerance.
      Glucose tolerance data and specific oral contraceptive formulation data were
      obtained for 354 oral contraceptive users and 1732 nonusers. Multiple linear
      regression analyses, using age, body mass index, and specific progestin and
      estrogen dosages as independent variables, were undertaken to define dose
      response relationships between the contraceptive steroids and fasting, 1-hr and 2
      hr glucose values. The results of these analyses were consistent with the
      observation that the mean 1- and 2-hr values were higher in users of the "pill."
      The 16% prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance in pill users was substantially
      higher than that of 8% in the nonusers. Examination of the regression
      coefficients suggested that one progestin (norgestrel) was more metabolically
      "potent" than the others. The remaining progestins appeared to have either a
      modest or no metabolic effect, in terms of 1- and 2-hr glucose values. Synthetic
      estrogens were shown not to be related to measures of glucose tolerance.

PMID- 4044773
TI  - Evidence of improved pregnancy outcome with diethylstilbestrol (DES) treatment of
      women with previous pregnancy failures: a retrospective analysis.
AB  - In a longitudinal study of 2378 pregnancies, diethylstilbestrol (DES) therapy was
      associated with an increased live-birth rate in patients with a history of prior
      pregnancy wastage. The data were analyzed statistically by comparing the rates of
      success with and without DES treatment in pregnancies grouped according to
      similar reproductive histories. The effect of DES on the outcome of pregnancy has
      not been assessed previously in this manner.

PMID- 4044772
TI  - Cardiovascular risk factors and obesity: are baseline levels of blood pressure,
      glucose, cholesterol and uric acid elevated prior to weight gain?
AB  - The increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality experienced by the
      obese may be partially mediated through alterations induced in other associated
      risk factors. The attribution of this cardiovascular risk to obesity presumes
      that levels of those risk factors are not elevated independently of, or prior to,
      weight gain. We therefore examined baseline levels of blood pressure, glucose,
      cholesterol, and uric acid within age and sex specific strata of a population of
      4015 individuals followed an average of 15 years to determine if an increasing
      level of fatness (weight/height 2) at follow-up was associated with elevation of
      other risk factors at baseline. After controlling for baseline fatness we were
      unable to demonstrate any consistent relationship between future fatness and
      baseline elevation of any of the factors. The magnitude of the partial
      correlation coefficients for those age 6-24 or 25-65 years at baseline were less
      than 0.11 for all of the risk factors. While a metabolic predisposition may link
      obesity to alterations of other risk factors it appears unlikely that their
      elevation commonly precedes weight gain. A pre-existing elevation of risk factors
      has not resulted in the misattribution of cardiovascular risk to obesity.

PMID- 4044774
TI  - Mortality, haemoglobin level and haematocrit in women.
AB  - The mortality of 1438 women aged 45-74 from South Wales has been studied from
      1967-1978 using techniques of survival analysis to determine whether the
      haemoglobin level (Hb) or the haematocrit (PCV) are risk factors for death due to
      ischaemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or cancer. In the
      858 women who were not menstruating and who did not complain of angina at the
      time of the survey a PCV over 45% was a significant risk factor for IHD
      mortality. An Hb level over 14 g/dl was also a risk factor but this failed to
      reach conventional significance, when smoking was allowed for. In the 1098 women
      who were not menstruating an Hb less than 12 g/dl or a PCV less than 40% are
      increased risk factors for cancer and this risk persisted throughout the follow
      up period. Neither Hb nor PCV were significant risk factors for CVA mortality.

PMID- 4044776
TI  - Non-sex hormone-binding globulin-bound testosterone as a marker for
      hyperandrogenism.
AB  - Recent evidence suggests that the biologically active testosterone includes both
      the free and albumin-bound fractions, while the sex hormone-binding globulin
      (SHBG)-bound steroid dissociates less readily. To examine the significance of the
      non-SHBG-bound testosterone (i.e. free plus albumin bound) in hyperandrogenism,
      we obtained single blood samples from 17 normal women, 20 regularly menstruating
      but hirsute women, and 20 oligoamenorrheic hirsute women. Each serum sample was
      analyzed for total testosterone by RIA, SHBG-binding capacity was determined by
      protein precipitation with 50% saturated (NH4)2SO4, and albumin was measured by
      colorimetry. Non-SHBG-bound and free testosterone and the testosterone to SHBG
      molar ratio were then calculated. Non-SHBG-bound testosterone was also assayed
      using differential protein precipitation. There were significant differences
      among the groups in the mean values of all variables (all P less than 0.05)
      except albumin. Measurement and calculation of serum non-SHBG-bound testosterone
      produced similar results, suggesting that the binding equation is valid. There
      was considerable overlap between normal (control mean +/- 2 SD) and abnormal
      subjects in all variables except non-SHBG-bound testosterone, for which only 3
      regularly menstruating and 2 oligoamenorrheic hirsute subjects were in the normal
      range. As total testosterone levels increased, there was a significant increase
      in the ratio of non-SHBG-bound testosterone to free testosterone. These data
      suggest that albumin becomes increasingly more important in testosterone binding
      as the total serum testosterone level increases and that non-SHBG-bound
      testosterone may be the optimal marker to identify hyperandrogenism in hirsute
      women.

PMID- 4044775
TI  - Exaggerated natriuretic and calciuric responses to hydrochlorothiazide in renal
      hypercalciuria but not in absorptive hypercalciuria.
AB  - Patients with hypercalciuria have been reported to have an exaggerated response
      to hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), implying a renal tubular defect in solute
      reabsorption. To determine whether this disturbance is generalized or unique to a
      particular pathogenetic type of hypercalciuria, we measured the increments in
      urinary sodium (delta Na), calcium (delta Ca), and magnesium after a 100-mg dose
      of oral HCTZ in 10 normal subjects and 31 patients with different types of
      hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis. Eleven patients with renal hypercalciuria had
      significantly greater delta Na (P less than 0.005) and delta Ca (P less than
      0.005) than the normal subjects. Ten patients with absorptive hypercalciuria and
      10 patients with fasting hypercalciuria without parathyroid stimulation had delta
      Na and delta Ca indistinguishable from those of normal subjects. In all groups,
      urinary HCTZ and basal 24-h urinary Na did not differ. The results suggest that
      the unique natriuretic and calciuric responses to HCTZ occur only in renal
      hypercalciuric patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. The data support a
      renal tubular defect in renal hypercalciuric in contrast to other diagnostic
      categories of hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis.

PMID- 4044777
TI  - Short term, low dose estradiol accelerates ulnar growth in boys.
AB  - We previously described a biphasic dose-response curve for ethinyl estradiol on
      short term growth in patients with Turner's syndrome. To investigate whether
      there is a similar phenomenon in boys, we measured the 3-week ulnar growth
      velocity (TUG) after administration of different doses of estradiol to five
      prepubertal or early pubertal boys. Basal TUG was determined initially.
      Subsequently, the boys received a 4-day iv infusion of estradiol at each of three
      doses (4, 20, and 90 micrograms/day) given double blind in a randomized sequence.
      TUG was determined before and after each infusion and was allowed to return to
      baseline before giving the second and third infusions. Mean TUG increased from
      0.45 +/- 0.11 (+/- SEM) to 1.38 +/- 0.51 mm/3 weeks after the 4 micrograms/day
      infusion (P less than 0.05), from 0.49 +/- 0.11 to 1.0 +/- 0.4 mm/3 weeks after
      the 20 micrograms/day infusion (P = NS), and from 0.46 +/- 0.1 to 0.84 +/- 0.12
      mm/3 weeks after the 90 micrograms/day infusion (P = NS). The mean serum
      estradiol level was 10 +/- 2.3 pg/ml during the 4 micrograms/day infusion, 16 +/-
      2.3 pg/ml during the 20 micrograms/day infusion, and 96 +/- 12 pg/ml during the
      90 micrograms/day infusion. Mean serum somatomedin-C levels were significantly
      higher only after the 20 and 90 micrograms/day estradiol infusions. We conclude
      that low dose estrogen can stimulate ulnar growth in boys and may play a role in
      the male pubertal growth spurt.

PMID- 4044778
TI  - Inhibition of mouse embryo cleavage by a factor present in the human preovulatory
      follicular fluid.
AB  - Human follicular fluids (hFF) inhibited the in vitro cleavage of mouse embryo and
      fertilized oocytes. This inhibitory effect occurred at all stages of embryonal
      development and was reversible at low concentrations of FF. Gel chromatography of
      FF revealed inhibitory activity in two fractions, corresponding to mol wt of
      20,000 and 50,000 daltons. This factor(s) might contain peptide components, since
      it was activated by heat treatment and trypsin digestion. In spontaneous cycles,
      late follicular phase hFF had significantly higher inhibitory activity than early
      follicular phase hFF. There was no significant difference in inhibitory activity
      of hFF aspirated from patients treated with clomiphene citrate alone, a
      combination of clomiphene citrate and gonadotropins, or gonadotropins alone.
      There was a positive correlation between hFF inhibitory activity and hFF
      estradiol and a negative correlation with progesterone in individual FF samples.
      These findings suggest that the hFF inhibitory activity of mouse embryo cleavage
      correlates with the differentiation state of the granulosa cells.

PMID- 4044779
TI  - Peritoneal macrophages modulate human granulosa-luteal cell progesterone
      production.
AB  - Macrophages have been identified in the developing corpus luteum in several
      species, including man, and also constitute approximately 90% of cells in the
      peritoneal cavity. We studied the effect of peritoneal macrophages or blood
      monocytes on progesterone (P) synthesis by human granulosa cells from
      preovulatory follicles obtained at laparoscopy of 14 women undergoing in vitro
      fertilization. Pooled granulosa cells from follicles with mature ova were
      isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation. Washed granulosa cells (0.75
      X 10(5)/ml) were incubated in Dulbecco's Minimum Essential Medium containing 20%
      calf serum with varying concentrations of pelvic macrophages (0.8-29 X 10(5)/ml)
      or fresh and mature blood monocytes (0.25-2.5 X 10(5)/ml). P production was
      determined by RIA of medium at 24-h intervals for 24-48 h. In situ concentrations
      of pelvic macrophages from 8 patients with tubal infertility increased cumulative
      P production to 140 +/- 17.8% (mean +/- SEM) of the control values. A similar
      increase (182 +/- 62.7%) was found with macrophages from 6 patients with
      endometriosis or unexplained infertility. Both fresh and mature monocytes
      stimulated P production to 225% and 261% of control values, respectively.
      Indomethacin (10(-4) M) or monoclonal antibody to somatomedin-C did not prevent
      stimulation of P production. These results suggest that peritoneal macrophages
      may exert luteotropic effects on cumulus cells while the ovulated oocyte resides
      in the tube, and incoming monocytes may be important in stimulating luteal cells
      in the developing corpus luteum.

PMID- 4044780
TI  - Glycemic effects of intensive caloric restriction and isocaloric refeeding in
      noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - To assess the effects of very low caloric (VLC) diets on glucose homeostasis in
      noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 30 obese subjects with NIDDM were studied
      for 40 days while eating a 330 Cal/day diet, with a subgroup of 12 subjects
      further evaluated during 40 days of refeeding. All subjects successfully lost
      weight, with an average weight loss of 4.6 +/- 0.2 kg (+/- SEM) after 10 days,
      7.1 +/- 0.3 kg after 20 days, and 10.5 +/- 0.4 kg after 40 days of VLC diet
      therapy. Thus, weight loss was steady and progressive throughout the diet period.
      In contrast, the majority (87%) of the reduction in mean fasting plasma glucose
      (FPG) levels (297 +/- 13 to 158 +/- 10 mg/dl; P less than 0.001) occurred after
      10 days of VLC diet therapy, with a further reduction in glucose levels to 138 +/
      9 mg/dl on day 40. The FPG response measured after 10 days of VLC diet was
      unrelated to the degree of obesity, rate or extent of weight loss, or prevailing
      insulin levels, but did correlate significantly with the initial FPG level (r =
      0.37; P less than 0.05) and duration of diabetes (r = 0.42; P less than 0.05).
      After discontinuation of the VLC diet and refeeding of an isocaloric (weight
      maintenance) diet in 12 subjects, a variable increase in the FPG occurred, with
      an average increase of 80% after 40 days of refeeding. However, the mean FPG
      level after 40 days of refeeding was still markedly lower than that before VLC
      diet therapy (254 +/- 20 vs. 167 +/- 14 mg/dl; P less than 0.02) despite
      withdrawal of antidiabetic medication in all subjects. The basal hepatic glucose
      output (HGO) fell rapidly from 149 +/- 13 to 81 +/- 5 mg/M2 X min (P less than
      0.001) after 10 days of VLC diet and rose from 67 +/- 4 to 88 +/- 7 mg/M2 X min
      (P less than 0.001) after 10 days of refeeding. Basal HGO demonstrated a highly
      significant positive correlation with FPG levels (r = 0.89; P less than 0.001)
      before and during both VLC diet therapy and refeeding. A significant correlation
      was also found between the change in FPG level and the change in basal HGO (r =
      0.84; P less than 0.001) during both VLC diet and refeeding. Compared to that
      before the VLC diet, glucose tolerance to mixed meals was markedly improved
      during the refeeding period, with no change in circulating insulin
      levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4044781
TI  - Self-priming effect of luteinizing hormone-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
      upon the biphasic testicular response to exogenous hCG. I. Serum testosterone
      profile.
AB  - The present study was conducted to investigate whether the early (2-8 h)
      testicular response to a single dose of exogenous hCG depends on previous
      exposure to LH activity. Four different groups of subjects were studied: 1) four
      normal adult men [Tanner stage-G5 (T-G5)] and one late pubertal subject (T-G4);
      2) normal prepubertal (T-G1) and early- and midpubertal boys (T-G2 and T-G3) (n =
      4-6 each); 3) five patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH); and 4) two
      patients with the complete form of the androgen insensitivity syndrome. Each
      subject received an im injection of hCG (40 IU/kg) on day 1 and blood samples
      were drawn before and 1-8, 24, 48, and 72 h after injection. At 96 h, a second
      dose of hCG was given (80 IU/kg) and blood samples were obtained at the same
      times as after the first hCG dose. Serum testosterone (T) was measured by RIA.
      The first dose of hCG evoked a biphasic response of serum T in groups T-G2 to T
      G5 as well as in the two patients with the complete form of the androgen
      insensitivity syndrome. The early peak was at 2-7 h, whereas the late T peak was
      at 48-72 h after injection. In T-G1 children and in patients with HH, the early
      response did not occur [T-G1, from 129 +/- 43 (SEM) to 288 +/- 127 pg/ml (P
      greater than 0.05); HH, 79 +/- 18 to 107 +/- 12 (P greater than 0.05) pg/ml], and
      the late peak was attenuated as compared with the pubertal boys. There were not
      significant differences in the responses of the T-G1 and the HH groups. After the
      second dose, all groups had biphasic T responses, although they varied in
      magnitude. These results demonstrate that previous exposure to LH activity is an
      obligatory prerequisite for the early peak of the hCG-mediated biphasic
      testicular response, and that a single dose of hCG has a priming effect that is
      sufficient to ensure a biphasic response to a second dose of hCG given 96 h
      later.

PMID- 4044782
TI  - Lipoprotein lipid concentrations and cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic
      ovary syndrome.
AB  - Twenty-nine patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 30 normal women
      had lipoprotein lipid and androgen profiles compared after a 12-h fast. Both PCOS
      and normal women were evaluated in the proliferative phase of the cycle. PCOS
      patients had higher serum LH to FSH ratios [2.0 +/- 1.3 (+/- SEM) vs. 0.6 +/-
      0.1), higher testosterone (T; 66 +/- 5 vs. 33 +/- 2 ng/ml), higher free T (1.1 +/
      1 vs. 0.4 +/- 0.02 ng/dl), and higher dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (291 +/- 28
      vs. 140 +/- 12 micrograms/dl) levels, and lower T-estrogen-binding globulin
      binding capacity (1.5 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.1 micrograms/dl) than normal women
      (all P less than 0.05). The PCOS patients had higher mean serum triglycerides
      [122 +/- 11 (+/- SEM) 63 +/- 3 mg/dl] and very low density lipoprotein
      cholesterol levels (24 +/- 2 vs. 13 +/- 1 mg/dl), but lower high density
      lipoprotein cholesterol levels (43 +/- 2 vs. 58 +/- 2 mg/dl; P less than 0.05).
      While PCOS patients were heavier and more sedentary and their diets were higher
      in saturated fat and lower in fiber (P less than 0.01, respectively), the
      differences in lipoprotein lipid concentrations could not be attributed to body
      weight. T-estrogen-binding globulin-binding capacity correlated with high density
      lipoprotein cholesterol in PCOS patients (r = 0.42; P = 0.025) after adjusting
      for weight. We conclude that hyperandrogenemia in women may result in a male
      pattern of lipoprotein lipid concentrations. These findings suggest that PCOS
      patients may have increased atherogenic potential.

PMID- 4044783
TI  - Human autoantibodies directed against the human, but not the rat, insulin
      receptor.
AB  - Prior studies with monoclonal antibodies produced against the human insulin
      receptor in mice revealed that these antibodies may be species specific. Whether
      species-specific antibodies to the insulin receptor occur spontaneously in
      patients, however, has not been previously investigated. Recently, we found that
      the serum immunoglobulin G from a patient with lupus nephritis, insulin
      resistance, and hypoglycemia contained multiple subpopulations of antibodies
      directed at the human insulin receptor. We report herein that one such
      subpopulation has a high affinity for the human insulin receptor. This antibody
      subpopulation at 10 nM half-maximally inhibited [125I]insulin binding to human IM
      9 lymphocytes, circulating erythrocytes and monocytes, isolated adipocytes, and
      placenta membranes. In contrast, this antibody subpopulation did not inhibit
      [125I]insulin binding to isolated rat adipocytes and hepatocytes, even at
      concentrations as high as 100 nM. These studies indicate that species-specific
      antibodies can occur spontaneously in patients with antiinsulin receptor
      antibodies.

PMID- 4044784
TI  - Quantitative evaluation of peer review of program project and center applications
      in allergy and immunology.
AB  - We compared the review patterns of applications for program projects and centers
      in allergy and immunology, reviewed by the National Institute of Allergy and
      Infectious Diseases review committee, with those of individual research projects
      in immunology, reviewed by three Division of Research Grants study sections. A
      high concordance between these review groups was obtained with respect to the
      application approval rate, mean score, and distribution of applications in
      various priority score ranges. Furthermore, we observed a high degree of
      consensus among reviewers on the quality of many program project and center
      applications, especially those with priority scores between 100 and 200.

PMID- 4044785
TI  - Life scientists in the Soviet Union: violations of scientific freedom and human
      rights continue.

PMID- 4044787
TI  - Palatal dimensions in 45,X-females.
AB  - Seventy-two females with 45,X-chromosome complement were examined for palatal
      dimensions, and the results of the measurements were compared to those of first
      degree normal female relatives of the study subjects and population control
      females. Hard stone casts were prepared for measuring widths and lengths of the
      maxillary alveolar arch and palatal height between or at the level of the
      permanent canines, first and second premolars, and first molars with a
      palatometer and sharp-pointed vernier calipers (0.5 mm). According to the
      analyses of covariance (history of orthodontic treatment and loss of permanent
      teeth as cofactors and age as covariate), the differences in palatal dimensions
      between the groups were statistically significant or highly significant for all
      dimensions except for palatal height in the posterior segments. The group of the
      45,X-females had the highest mean value for palatal height at the level of the
      canines and systematically the lowest mean values for palatal width in all
      segments, while no clear difference could be found in the length of the alveolar
      arch between the 45,X-females and the relatives, the population control group
      showing the lowest value in the posterior segments. The findings of this study
      indicate that the narrowed palate rather than the high palate is a frequent but
      not definite feature in 45,X-females. This may reflect the effect of sex
      chromosomes on width but not other dimensions of the palate, resulting in
      deficiency of transversal growth of the palate possibly through decreased growth
      of the palatal shelves or through disturbances in the growth of the nasal septum,
      sutural growth, or--to which the exostosis on the palatal alveolar plates would
      refer--disturbances in apposition-resorption growth changes of the maxilla.

PMID- 4044786
TI  - Family resemblance for components of craniofacial size and shape.
AB  - Path analysis is used to analyze family resemblance for eight principal
      components extracted from 30 anthropometric measurements of the craniofacial
      complex. Based on likelihood ratio tests, the null hypothesis of no assortative
      mating is rejected for the nasal height component. The null hypothesis of no
      common sibling environmental effect is rejected for the cranial size,
      craniofacial breadth, and nasal height components. Finally, the hypothesis that
      transmission from both mother and father is equal to 1/2, consistent with simple
      autosomal polygenic inheritance, is rejected for components corresponding to
      craniofacial breadth and upper facial height, thus implicating some effect of
      familial environment. Transmissibility is higher for components related to
      cranial size and facial height than for those related to facial breadth or ear
      dimensions.

PMID- 4044788
TI  - Craniofacial abnormalities in osteopetrosis with precocious manifestations:
      report of a case with serial cephalometric roentgenograms.
AB  - Serial roentgencephalograms were taken (from the age of 2 to 8 years) of a female
      patient with malignant osteopetrosis. The roentgencephalograms were compared to
      those of a control patient with cleft lip and to other normative data. The
      calvaria of the osteopetrosis patient was very thick, increasing with age. The
      intracranial space was reduced in volume, resulting in compression of the brain.
      Roentgencephalometric characteristics of the facial skeleton included orbital
      hypertelorism, defective horizontal and vertical growth of the middle and lower
      face, and poorly developed dentoalveolar structures. The mandibular body was
      short in contrast to the wide ramus, both resulting from defective resorption of
      the anterior ramal border. A cone-shaped structure in the mandible extending from
      the condylar process into the ramus was noted. This was believed to consist of
      remnants of unresorbed, heavily calcified secondary cartilage constituting part
      of the condylar process present since intrauterine life. Recent treatment of
      malignant osteopetrosis by bone marrow transplantation early in life has resulted
      in some cases in normalization of bone structure and marrow. Serial
      roentgencephalometry provides a sensitive method of assessing craniofacial
      development in cases of osteopetrosis and presumably can be used to evaluate the
      effects of therapy.

PMID- 4044789
TI  - Velo-cardio-facial syndrome: language and psychological profiles.
AB  - The velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCF) has been delineated as a relatively common
      recurrent-pattern malformation syndrome of clefting. As originally described, the
      syndrome's major features are clefting of the secondary palate, cardiac
      anomalies, characteristic facies, learning disabilities, and speech disorders. As
      characteristic of the syndrome, however, is a rather distinctive pattern of
      language disorders and personality characteristics that has not been previously
      described. The purpose of this report is to add to the phenotype of the velo
      cardio-facial syndrome by providing a description of the language, academic, and
      psychological profiles of 26 patients. This information would prove useful in the
      process of differential diagnosis. Striking observations concerning changes
      manifest during the course of development from initial language acquisition
      through childhood and adolescence will also add to the information regarding this
      syndrome's natural history and prognosis.

PMID- 4044790
TI  - H-2 histocompatibility region influences the inhibition of arachidonic acid
      cascade by dexamethasone and phenytoin in mouse embryonic palates.
AB  - We have reported that susceptibility to glucocorticoid- and phenytoin-induced
      cleft palate and glucocorticoid receptor levels in mice are influenced by the H-2
      histocompatibility complex on chromosome 17. Phenytoin competes with
      glucocorticoids for the glucocorticoid receptor and inhibits production of
      prostaglandins and thromboxanes. In this paper, we have investigated whether
      glucocorticoids and phenytoin inhibit arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin
      biosynthesis directly in the embryonic palates and whether the H-2 gene complex
      influences the degree of inhibition. Using congenic strains varying only in the H
      2 region, we demonstrate here that both glucocorticoids and phenytoin inhibit the
      release of 3H-arachidonic acid and prostaglandin biosynthesis from embryonic
      palatal tissue, prelabeled with 3H-arachidonic acid. The degree of inhibition of
      arachidonic acid release and of prostaglandin biosynthesis is greater in the
      strain with H-2a (A/Wy) than in its corresponding congenic partner H-2b (A.BY).
      Thus, these results provide further evidence for a similar genetic and
      biochemical pathway for the teratogenic action of both phenytoin and
      glucocorticoids.

PMID- 4044791
TI  - The ultrastructural effects of prednisolone on the mesenchyme of the palatal
      shelf in the mouse.
AB  - The effect of methylprednisolone on the structure of the mesenchymal component of
      the palatal shelves of fetal mice was studied at the time of shelf reorientation.
      Pregnant mice received intraperitoneal injections of 8 mg of prednisolone on days
      11.5, 12.5, and 13.5 of pregnancy. The mice were killed on day 14.5, and the
      specimens were either stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reagent for
      examination in the light microscope or processed for examination in the electron
      microscope. It was found that prednisolone treatment resulted in a reduction in
      the amount of tannic-acid-staining material in the extracellular spaces. It also
      resulted in a reduction in the collagen within the shelf. The development of
      skeletal and smooth muscle cells, neurons, and satellite cells was also delayed
      and the occurrence within the shelves of cells with a high glycogen content was
      reduced.

PMID- 4044792
TI  - In vitro development of the hamster and chick secondary palate.
AB  - A series of experiments were undertaken to compare the in vitro behaviour of the
      medial edge epithelium (MEE) of hamster, in which palatal shelves normally fuse,
      and chick, in which they do not fuse. Homotypic pairs of hamster and chick embryo
      palatal processes, single palatal processes, and heterotypic palatal shelves of
      both animals were grown in vitro. The results indicated that contact between
      palatal shelves may not be crucial for MEE differentiation in mammals. The
      ability to acquire pre-fusion characteristics may be present in mammalian palatal
      tissue from their early development and may be expressed by cessation of DNA
      synthesis in the MEE, elevation of cAMP, and MEE cell death. Isolated chick
      palatal shelf cultured under identical conditions did not express these mammalian
      pre-fusion characteristics. When MEE of hamster and chick palatal shelves were
      placed in contact with one another, the intervening epithelia underwent
      cytolysis. This could be due to either the destruction of chick MEE by lysosomal
      enzymes liberated from adjacent degenerating hamster MEE cells, or by induction
      of cell death in chick MEE by hamster mesenchyme. Heterotypic palatal tissue
      combinations also suggest that release of lysosomal enzymes in the hamster MEE,
      which leads to its dissolution, may be the terminal event in epithelial
      differentiation prior to the establishment of mesenchymal continuity. It is
      suggested that an inverse relationship exists between DNA synthesis and cAMP
      levels during palatogenesis: when palate closes (as in mammals) the MEE is
      eliminated by increasing cAMP levels, whereas when palate remains open (as in
      birds) low level of cAMP preserve the integrity of MEE by supporting DNA
      synthesis.

PMID- 4044793
TI  - Occurrence of plasmids and antibiotic resistance among Campylobacter jejuni and
      Campylobacter coli isolated from healthy and diarrheic animals.
AB  - Serologically defined strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from
      healthy and diarrheic animals were examined for the occurrence of plasmid DNA in
      association with the antibiotic susceptibility of the bacterial host and the
      health status of the animal host. Of all campylobacter organisms surveyed, 53%
      (116 of 200) contained plasmid DNA. A plasmid occurrence rate of 73.8% was
      obtained for C. coli from healthy pigs, contrasted by lower plasmid occurrence
      rates for C. coli from diarrheic pigs (30%) and from all diarrheic animals
      (21.4%). For C. jejuni, in contrast, only 13.6% of healthy cattle contained
      plasmid DNA, contrasted by a higher plasmid occurrence rate of 31.2% from
      diarrheic cattle. A high plasmid occurrence rate of 75.8% was observed for C.
      jejuni from healthy chickens. Campylobacter plasmids ranged in size from less
      than or equal to 1 to 86 megadaltons. Antibiotic susceptibility for 52 animal
      isolates (excluding chickens) indicated that most isolates were susceptible to
      kanamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and compound sulfonamide,
      whereas few were susceptible to bacitracin (19.2%); approximately half were
      susceptible to ampicillin (55.8%) and streptomycin (51.9%), and no isolates were
      susceptible to penicillin G. More isolates containing plasmids were resistant to
      ampicillin, tetracycline, and gentamicin than were isolates not carrying
      plasmids, there being a statistically significant difference for tetracycline and
      gentamicin, which suggested that these two antibiotics were probably plasmid
      mediated. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of 21 chicken isolates of C.
      jejuni, by contrast, were different in that most were susceptible to ampicillin
      in addition to kanamycin, erythromycin, and gentamicin, whereas few wer
      susceptible to compound sulfonamide, streptomycin, and tetracycline in addition
      to penicillin G and bacitracin. A 30- or 39-megadalton plasmid, or both, common
      to many of the chicken isolates was usually associated with tetracycline
      resistance.

PMID- 4044794
TI  - Pseudomonas pseudomallei infection from drowning: the first reported case in
      Taiwan.
AB  - We report a case of Pseudomonas pseudomallei infection, in which the patient
      acquired the bacteria by aspiration of river water after a drowning incident near
      Manila, the Philippines. The pulmonary form of melioidosis was noted at the
      onset, but septicemia developed at a later stage. Positive blood cultures were
      obtained 17 days after the accident. The patient was treated successfully with a
      combination of amikacin and cephalothin. This is the first report of P.
      pseudomallei infection documented in Taiwan.

PMID- 4044795
TI  - False susceptibility of enterococci to aminoglycosides with blood-enriched
      Mueller-Hinton agar for disk susceptibility testing.
AB  - Disk diffusion susceptibility tests for enterococci are frequently modified by
      adding 5% sheep blood (SB) to Mueller-Hinton agar; the performance standards from
      the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards sanction this addition.
      Susceptibility testing of aminoglycoside antibiotics is not recommended for
      enterococci; in actual practice, however, some laboratories do include
      aminoglycoside antibiotics routinely, and others may test upon request or in
      selected situations. In examining 50 clinical isolates of enterococci, SB
      enriched Mueller-Hinton agar frequently gave enlarged zone sizes that falsely
      indicated susceptibility (72% for gentamicin and tobramycin), with the average
      increase in zone size being 6.3 and 7.6 mm, respectively. Comparison agar
      dilution MICs demonstrated uniform resistance, with or without added SB. The
      effect was shown to be caused by heme in concentrations as low as 0.03
      micrograms/ml, which, when combined with aminoglycoside antibiotics, caused a
      synergistic growth inhibition of the enterococci, resulting in larger
      aminoglycoside antibiotic zones. We postulate that the heme effect is related to
      a catalytic cleavage of intracellular H2O2 and resultant lipid peroxidation. No
      other organism or antimicrobial agent tested demonstrated a similar effect,
      although other investigators have shown a similar phenomenon with the broad
      spectrum cephalosporins. Because enterococci grow well and give accurate
      susceptibility results on Mueller-Hinton agar without SB supplementation and
      because of the spectrum of definable problems with a number of antimicrobial
      agents, we recommend that enterococci routinely be tested without SB.

PMID- 4044796
TI  - Isolation of Capnocytophaga species with a new selective medium.
AB  - A selective medium (CAP) composed of a GC agar base supplemented with 1%
      hemoglobin, 1% Polyvitex, and an antibiotic mixture of polymyxin B (15 U/ml),
      vancomycin (5 micrograms/ml), trimethoprim (2.5 micrograms/ml), and amphotericin
      B (2.5 micrograms/ml) was compared with another selective medium (TBBP) and two
      nonselective media--a blood agar and a chocolate agar--to isolate Capnocytophaga
      species from 725 clinical specimens. These included sputa (467 specimens), throat
      swabs (116 specimens), oral ulcerations (35 specimens), and periodontal pockets
      (107 specimens). The recovery rate of Capnocytophaga species was significantly
      higher with the CAP medium (96%) than with the selective TBBP medium (52.2%), the
      nonselective blood agar (6.2%), and the chocolate agar (4.6%). Growth of the
      normal flora was best inhibited on CAP medium. Colony size and yellow-brown
      pigment formation were maximally expressed on chocolate agar and CAP medium, but
      gliding motility was mostly absent. We conclude that the CAP medium is an
      excellent medium for the recovery of Capnocytophaga species from contaminated
      clinical specimens.

PMID- 4044797
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of thermostable direct hemolysin
      of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
AB  - Several systems for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of thermostable
      direct hemolysin (TDH) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were tested, and single
      antibody sandwich ELISA systems gave satisfactory results. ELISA was able to
      detect as little as several nanograms of purified TDH per milliliter. The method
      of De Jong (J. Clin. Microbiol. 17:928-930, 1983) and the glutaraldehyde method
      were successful for preparing conjugates of alkaline phosphatase and anti-TDH
      antibody. TDH in fluids in intestinal loops of experimental animals challenged
      with living V. parahaemolyticus was accurately detectable by ELISA.

PMID- 4044798
TI  - Occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in fecal samples submitted for routine
      microbiological examination.
AB  - During a 7-month period, 2,252 fecal samples submitted for routine
      microbiological examination from 1,621 patients were screened for Cryptosporidium
      oocysts by the auramine staining method with Kinyoun acid-fast stain as the
      confirmatory stain. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in fecal samples from
      19 (1.2%) patients, 18 of whom had gastroenteritis. Diarrheic stools from 14 of
      these 18 patients were negative for the usual enteropathogens but contained the
      oocysts in moderate to large numbers. Although Cryptosporidium oocysts were found
      in patients of all ages, they occurred slightly more frequently in infants and
      children than in the rest. Cryptosporidium species was one of the common
      enteropathogens identified in fecal samples submitted for routine parasitological
      examination during the period of the survey and was second only to Giardia
      species in terms of frequency. Considering cryptosporidiosis in the differential
      diagnosis of gastroenteritis in immunocompetent persons and including a search
      for Cryptosporidium oocysts in routine parasitological examinations of fecal
      samples appear warranted.

PMID- 4044799
TI  - Synergistic hemolysis exhibited by species of staphylococci.
AB  - The synergistic hemolysis reactions of 61 reference strains and 189 clinical
      isolates representing 17 species of staphylococci were examined on plates of
      Trypticase soy blood agar (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.). Some or
      all of the strains of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, S. capitis, S.
      cohnii, S. haemolyticus, S. hyicus, S. simulans, S. warneri, and S. xylosus
      produced a delta-hemolysin that gave synergistic, complete hemolysis of washed
      human, sheep, and ox blood cells in an area of beta-lysin activity from strains
      of S. aureus and S. intermedius. Strains of the same nine species were positive
      with a commercial beta-lysin paper disk designed for presumptive identification
      of group B streptococci; most of these strains also gave synergistic, complete
      hemolysis with exotoxin from a strain of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. None
      of the strains of S. auricularis, S. carnosus, S. caseolyticus, S. hominis, S.
      intermedius, S. saprophyticus, S. sciuri, or S. lentus were positive by any of
      these tests for synergistic hemolysis. These results indicate that a synergistic
      hemolysis test could prove very useful for differentiating these species; they
      also suggest that one role of some of these organisms in human infections could
      be that of a synergist. Further studies of synergism may clarify the clinical
      significance of these results.

PMID- 4044801
TI  - Enteritis caused by Pasteurella pneumotropica infection in hamsters.
AB  - Pasteurella pneumotropica was isolated in essentially pure cultures from the
      bowels of hamsters with enteritis 7 days after parturition. Newly received
      hamsters showed presence of P. pneumotropica in their nasal cavities but not in
      their uteri, lungs, spleens, or bowels.

PMID- 4044800
TI  - Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from blood with the BACTEC system: a
      prospective study yielding positive results.
AB  - In a prospective study of 16 patients with Legionnaires disease confirmed by
      cultural isolation of Legionella pneumophila from the respiratory tract, 38% (6
      of 16) had positive blood cultures. Daily subcultures were made onto buffered
      charcoal-yeast extract plates from 6B aerobic and 7C anaerobic BACTEC blood
      culture bottles (Johnston Laboratories, Inc., Towson, Md.). Isolation of L.
      pneumophila was achieved from both aerobic and anaerobic bottles. L. pneumophila
      growth indices failed to exceed the BACTEC threshold limits; thus, the organism
      would have been overlooked despite its presence in the blood culture bottles.
      Bacteremic patients had statistically significant higher quantities of L.
      pneumophila isolated from sputum and visualized on direct fluorescent antibody
      stains. Thus, the potential exists for improved diagnosis of Legionella infection
      by a relatively noninvasive procedure (blood culture) with an instrument already
      in use in many hospital laboratories.

PMID- 4044802
TI  - Assessment of plasmid profile, exoenzyme activity, and virulence in recent human
      isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica.
AB  - We examined a group of 23 recent clinical isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica
      recovered from symptomatic patients residing in the New York, N.Y. area. These
      isolates were tested for the presence of plasmids, exoenzyme activity, mouse
      lethality, and phenotypic properties postulated to correlate with virulence. Of
      the 23 isolates, 17 harbored a 60- to 65-kilobase (kb) plasmid. Six isolates were
      lethal for white mice, showed the phenotypic markers of autoagglutination and
      calcium dependence for growth at 37 degrees C, and contained a 60- to 65-kb
      plasmid. Restriction endonuclease analysis with several different enzymes
      revealed the presence of three distinct plasmid profiles in these isolates.
      Isolates with a single plasmid of 60 to 70 kb, typical for this species, were
      detected, but these were of three distinct types as judged from restriction
      enzyme digestion. One strain was unusual among clinical isolates of Y.
      enterocolitica in that it contained at least four distinct plasmids. In addition,
      this nontypable strain showed exoenzymatic activity similar to that of serogroup
      O8 isolates, was not lethal to mice, and did not require calcium for growth at 37
      degrees C.

PMID- 4044804
TI  - Neonatal meningitis caused by Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
AB  - The clinical and bacteriological findings in a case of neonatal meningitis caused
      by Achromobacter xylosoxidans are presented. This appears to be only the second
      report of meningitis caused by this species.

PMID- 4044803
TI  - Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and antistaphylococcal immunoglobulin E
      antibodies in atopic dermatitis.
AB  - Twelve atopic dermatitis patients were studied to investigate the relationship
      between levels of antistaphylococcal immunoglobulin E antibodies in serum and
      quantitative cultures of Staphylococcus aureus strains from the anterior nares
      and chronic lesions. A positive correlation was found between logarithmic counts
      of S. aureus strains from the anterior nares and levels of antistaphylococcal
      immunoglobulin E in serum. The observation is important for understanding the
      pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis.

PMID- 4044805
TI  - Meningitis caused by Gordona aurantiaca (Rhodococcus aurantiacus).
AB  - In a case of hairy cell leukemia, Gordona aurantiaca (Rhodococcus aurantiacus)
      was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid as the pathogen responsible for lethal
      infection of the central nervous system. The pathogen had been isolated
      previously from one case of pulmonary infection process only.

PMID- 4044806
TI  - Immunohistochemical study on neuroglia identified by the monoclonal antibody
      against a macrophage differentiation antigen (Mac-1).
AB  - We have studied frozen sections of the developing and adult mouse central nervous
      system (CNS), with or without cold lesions, by immunohistochemical and
      histochemical methods. Using a monoclonal antibody against a macrophage
      differentiation antigen (Mac-1), we have shown that some neuroglia in the white
      matter of adult mice stained positively. In the developing CNS, with or without
      cold lesioning, Mac-1-positive glia were not detected. In the normal adult CNS, a
      small number of glia in the white matter stained faintly. After cold injury, the
      number of Mac-1-positive glia and their staining intensity increased for several
      months. Mac-1-positive glia were always negative for glial fibrillary acidic
      protein (GFA). Their morphology and distribution were similar to those of
      nucleoside diphosphatase-positive cells. Considering that the phagocytic activity
      of glia increases after injury to the CNS (Trachtenberg 1983) and that Mac-1 has
      been reported to be associated with the complement receptor (Beller et al. 1982),
      Mac-1-positive glia may play a role in phagocytosis in the damaged CNS.

PMID- 4044807
TI  - Hip dysplasia associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in the older child and
      adolescent.
AB  - Severe hip dysplasia in children with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is asymptomatic
      or minimally symptomatic and usually goes undetected until early adolescence. We
      report five patients between the ages of 8 and 15 years who presented with hip
      dysplasia; all five required surgery. The dysplasia in two of these patients was
      detected only on routine screening because of their older sisters' problems. A
      multicenter study will be needed to determine the exact incidence of hip
      dysplasia associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

PMID- 4044808
TI  - Coxa breva: its pathogenesis and a rationale for its management.
AB  - Forty-four patients (50 hips) with symptomatic coxa breva underwent surgical
      treatment consisting of arrest and/or transfer of the "overgrown" greater
      trochanter. In a retrospective review, the authors compared the patients who
      underwent apophyseodesis to those treated by trochanteric transfer. The purpose
      was to clarify the indications for and results of each procedure. Patients less
      than or equal to 8 years of age benefited from apophyseodesis as a means of
      averting a Trendelenburg gait. Those patients presenting with an established
      Trendelenburg limp and those greater than or equal to 9 years of age are best
      treated by distal and lateral transfer of the greater trochanter.

PMID- 4044809
TI  - Hip stability and ambulatory status in myelomeningocele.
AB  - Fifty-three hips in 32 patients with myelomeningocele and innervation to the
      quadriceps were surgically stabilized. In most cases, all the surgical procedures
      necessary to achieve stability were performed at the same time. Preoperatively,
      92.5% of the hips were either subluxated or dislocated; the rest were dysplastic.
      At the time of review, an average of 4 years 1 month following surgery, 83% of
      the hips were stable. Of the children, 78% were community ambulators. Ambulatory
      status was found to be adversely affected by subsequent development of spinal
      deformity, hip flexion deformity, or lordosis and by age. Children with
      myelodysplasia who have strong quadriceps and stable neurological status can
      therefore have surgical stabilization of their hips with good results.

PMID- 4044810
TI  - Coxa magna following surgical treatment of congenital hip dislocation.
AB  - We studied coxa magna after operative treatment of congenital dislocation of the
      hip, including incidence, relationship to treatment, and influence of coxa magna
      on the acetabulum. Coxa magna was defined as a femoral head with a horizontal
      diameter at least 15% greater than the symmetrical position on the opposite side.
      Coxa magna developed in 16 hips (33%). The mean increase was 20.9% (range 15
      30%). Three factors correlated with coxa magna: femoral osteotomy (100%), open
      reduction (75%), and operation at a younger age (mean 15.6 vs. 35.8 months). Four
      of the 16 hips developed coxa magna following Type 1 avascular necrosis; no other
      growth deformities appeared. At follow-up, the acetabular indices and the center
      edge angles were not statistically different between the coxa magna and the
      control groups. One must avoid confusing coxa magna with hip subluxation or
      inadequate reduction, of which the latter requires appropriate treatment. Coxa
      magna gives a good hip if a concentric, congruous reduction is obtained,
      providing the acetabulum has enough growth potential for remodeling.

PMID- 4044811
TI  - Unusual complications in traumatic dislocation of the hip in children.
AB  - Four cases of unusual complications following traumatic dislocation of the hip in
      children are presented along with a review of the literature. All patients
      presented with posterior or posterosuperior dislocations, and two had associated
      pelvic or acetabular fractures. One patient had a small, shallow acetabulum
      caused by premature closure of the triradiate cartilage and damage to the
      superior gluteal nerve. The combination of triradiate epiphyseal closure and
      abductor muscle weakness secondary to superior gluteal nerve damage contributed
      to subsequent femoral head subluxation. One patient presented with a previously
      unrecognized fracture dislocation. Two patients presented with recurrent
      dislocations, one with a posterior capsular defect indicated by arthrography. The
      patient with this defect was treated with surgical repair, whereas the other
      patient was treated nonsurgically.

PMID- 4044812
TI  - Management of neonatal hip instability: an analysis of the efficiency in a
      consistent treatment program.
AB  - The efficiency of a consistent treatment program for children with neonatal hip
      instability (NHI) was analyzed. Of 165 children who were referred to the
      orthopedic department with suspected NHI, 91 children had unstable hips and were
      treated with a von Rosen splint for 8 weeks; 74 children were found to have
      stable hips and were not treated, but were followed up in the same way as the
      treated children. All treated and untreated children developed clinically and
      radiologically normal hips. Treatment with a von Rosen splint is reliable, and
      with few exceptions 8 weeks is sufficient time for treatment of NHI.

PMID- 4044813
TI  - Spinal deformities in patients with Friedreich ataxia: a review of 19 patients.
AB  - Nineteen patients with Friedreich ataxia and scoliosis were reviewed. The curve
      pattern was thoracic in six, thoracolumbar in six, double thoracic and lumbar in
      two, and double thoracic and thoracolumbar in five. Scoliosis was associated with
      hyperkyphosis in eight patients. Nonoperative treatment with braces was
      unsuccessful because of either increase of the curve despite the brace or
      difficulties with balance and coordination. Twelve patients underwent posterior
      spinal fusion with instrumentation. Average follow-up was 32 months.
      Postoperative immobilization was used in 10 patients and resulted in functional
      problems in only three. All fusions were solid at follow-up.

PMID- 4044814
TI  - Neonatal hematogenous osteomyelitis: risk factors for long-term sequelae.
AB  - The findings in 40 infants with neonatal osteomyelitis were examined to evaluate
      factors that may predict the development of sequelae. On follow-up at 1-11 years
      of age, 16 children were found to have moderate (six) and severe (10) sequelae.
      Thirteen of these 16 children were among the 21 infants who had perinatal risk
      factors. On the other hand, there were only three handicapped infants in the
      group of 19 who had no risk factors. The high-risk infants were, on the average,
      younger at onset of osteomyelitis than the previously healthy babies. No
      differences were found between those two groups that could be ascribed to the
      causative organisms. Fifty-five osteomyelitic sites involving the large joints
      were diagnosed. Growth disturbance was evident in 20 of 36 nonoperated foci and
      four of 19 operated foci. To achieve the best result, the joint and abscess
      should be drained, and this should be supplemented by drainage of the metaphysis.

PMID- 4044815
TI  - Varus deformity following lateral humeral condylar fractures in children.
AB  - Lateral humeral condylar fractures are quite common in children. This article
      shows that varus deformity is a common sequela following such injuries. Twenty
      four patients were studied, with a mean follow-up of 4.8 years. A loss of
      carrying angle, seen in 10 cases, occurred with comparable frequency in
      undisplaced (50%) and displaced (39%) fractures. The deformity was usually mild,
      averaging 10 degrees in the undisplaced fractures and 9.6 degrees in the
      displaced fractures treated with open reduction. We conclude that varus deformity
      is common in this injury, and occurs whether or not the fracture is displaced.

PMID- 4044816
TI  - A geometric method of calculating tendo Achillis lengthening.
AB  - Twenty-six open "Z-type" tendo Achillis lengthenings were performed on 20
      children with equinus contractures secondary to spastic cerebral palsy. The
      patients' average age was 8.6 years (range 4.0-17.5 years). A preoperative
      calculation of the amount of lengthening needed to accomplish a satisfactory
      correction of equinus was used before all procedures in the hope of avoiding
      iatrogenic overlengthening. This calculation was done with simple clinical
      measurements on the foot and ankle and is based on elementary lever arm and
      geometric principles. After an average follow-up of 3.1 years (range 6 months to
      7 years), there were no instances of overlengthening, nor was there residual
      equinus.

PMID- 4044817
TI  - An electron microscopic study of the fascia from the medial and lateral sides of
      clubfoot.
AB  - Two cell types were observed in fascia from the lateral side of the clubfoot: a
      cell resembling the fibroblast of hypertrophic scar and a fibroblast-like cell
      with dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. Three cell types were observed in
      fascia from the medial side of the clubfoot: typical fibroblasts, cells
      resembling myofibroblasts, and mast cells. The contracture of the medial side may
      be due to the myofibroblast-like cells, and this contracture may be enhanced by
      histamine released from the mast cells. The stretching of the lateral side is
      probably due to a compensatory fibrosis that maintains the tissue density.

PMID- 4044818
TI  - Pes cavovarus as a late consequence of peroneus longus tendon laceration.
AB  - Peroneal weakness has been implicated as a cause of cavovarus foot in
      neuromuscular disease. The effect, however, of isolated peroneus longus
      deficiency has not been studied. We report the late development of a cavovarus
      foot in a child with isolated laceration of the peroneus longus tendon. The
      importance of this specific tendon in the maintenance of foot balance is
      discussed.

PMID- 4044819
TI  - Late skeletal deformities following meningococcal sepsis and disseminated
      intravascular coagulation.
AB  - Late skeletal deformities following meningococcemia associated with disseminated
      intravascular coagulation are rare. Two basic lesions have been described:
      epiphyseal avascular necrosis and epiphyseal-metaphyseal defects. These occur
      primarily in the lower extremities and result in angular deformity and leg length
      inequality. We recently encountered these lesions in a child 3 years following
      sepsis. The etiology appears to be acute vascular thrombosis of epiphyseal and
      metaphyseal vessels mediated through the generalized Shwartzman reaction. An
      increased incidence of these deformities may be anticipated as more children
      survive fulminant meningococcemia.

PMID- 4044820
TI  - Slipped capital femoral epiphysis associated with hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Slippage of the upper femoral epiphysis can occur in association with multiple
      endocrine imbalances. This report documents the second case of primary
      parathyroid adenoma with hyperparathyroidism and symptomatic concomitant slipped
      capital femoral epiphyses. In the evaluation of children with slipped capital
      femoral epiphysis, care must be taken to eliminate other treatable disease states
      that are known to be associated with this phenomenon. The capital femoral physes
      in this child with hyperparathyroidism promptly closed following removal of the
      parathyroid adenoma.

PMID- 4044821
TI  - Congenital dislocation of the knees associated with a partial chromosome I
      deletion.
AB  - Congenital dislocation of the knee is a rare disorder that has been reported
      previously in association with neuromuscular disorders and ligamentous laxity
      syndromes and is related to mechanical factors. Concurrent chromosomal
      abnormalities have not been reported previously with congenitally dislocated
      knees. The authors present a case of congenitally dislocated knees in a patient
      with an extremely rare and only recently described partial deletion of chromosome
      I. There have been three previously reported cases of this particular chromosomal
      deletion, none of which included dislocated joints.

PMID- 4044822
TI  - Idiopathic neurogenic arthropathy.
AB  - This is a report of an unusual case of idiopathic neurogenic arthropathy in the
      lower extremities of a 7-year-old girl. A brief review of the known causes of
      neurogenic arthropathy is presented.

PMID- 4044823
TI  - Myositis ossificans masquerading as sepsis.
AB  - An unusual case of myositis ossificans about the shoulder in an 11-year-old girl
      is presented. The purpose in describing this case is twofold: (a) to illustrate
      the difficulty in making the diagnosis when it presents in an unusual clinical
      fashion and (b) to demonstrate the potential use of the computed tomography scan
      as an aid in diagnosing the condition at a relatively early stage in its course.

PMID- 4044824
TI  - Amelia and scoliosis.

PMID- 4044825
TI  - Intraairway thermal profiles during exercise and hyperventilation in normal man.
AB  - When large volumes of air are inhaled at rapid rates of ventilation, substantial
      segments of the tracheobronchial tree become involved in the conditioning process
      and the inspirate does not reach body conditions of temperature and humidity
      until it passes well into the peripheral bronchi. To determine if the manner in
      which ventilation is elevated is an important factor in producing this response,
      we measured the temperature of the airstream at six points in the
      tracheobronchial tree from the pharynx to the subsegmental bronchi during 5 min
      of exercise and voluntary hyperventilation in seven normal subjects while they
      inhaled frigid air. Minute ventilation and respiratory frequency were recorded at
      minute intervals and intrathoracic temperatures were measured continuously. With
      both forms of hyperpnea, airway temperature fell dramatically, and there were no
      significant differences between exercise and hyperventilation. These results
      demonstrate that the thermal events that occur within the lung during short,
      moderately intense degrees of exercise can be readily simulated by voluntary
      hyperventilation when ventilation and inspired air conditions are matched. Our
      data also indicate that this form of exercise does not result in an increase in
      airstream temperature and raise the possibility that the bronchial blood supply
      may be determined by the local thermal needs of the airways to recover heat and
      water independent of, at least moderate, increases in cardiac output.

PMID- 4044826
TI  - Role of renal metabolism and excretion in 5-nitrofuran-induced uroepithelial
      cancer in the rat.
AB  - 5-Nitrofurans have been used in the study of chemical carcinogenesis. There is
      substantial evidence that N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl] formamide (FANFT)
      is deformylated to 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole (ANFT) in the process of
      FANFT-induced bladder cancer. Paradoxically, ANFT is less potent as a
      uroepithelial carcinogen than FANFT when fed to rats. Feeding aspirin with FANFT
      to rats decreases the incidence of bladder cancer. Isolated kidneys were perfused
      with 5-nitrofurans to determine renal clearances and whether aspirin acts to
      decrease urinary excretion of the carcinogen. In FANFT-perfused kidneys, FANFT
      was deformylated to ANFT and excreted (1.06 +/- 0.22 nmol/min) at a rate
      eightfold higher than excretion of FANFT. In kidneys perfused with equimolar
      ANFT, excretion of ANFT was 0.25 +/- 0.05 nmol/min, which suggests a coupling of
      renal deformylation of FANFT to excretion of ANFT in FANFT-perfused kidneys.
      Neither aspirin nor probenecid altered the urinary excretion or half-life of
      FANFT or ANFT. In rats fed 0.2% FANFT as part of their diet, coadministration of
      aspirin (0.5%) increased urinary excretion of ANFT during a 12-wk feeding study,
      which suggests decreased tissue binding or metabolism of ANFT. Kidney perfusion
      with acetylated ANFT (NFTA), a much less potent uroepithelial carcinogen,
      resulted in no ANFT excretion or accumulation, which indicates the specificity of
      renal deformylase. Renal deformylase activity was found in broken cell
      preparations of rat and human kidney. These data describe a unique renal
      metabolic/excretory coupling for these compounds that appears to explain the
      differential carcinogenic potential of the 5-nitrofurans tested. These results
      are consistent with the hypothesis that aspirin decreases activation of ANFT by
      inhibiting prostaglandin H synthase.

PMID- 4044827
TI  - Compensatory increase in alpha 1-globin gene expression in individuals
      heterozygous for the alpha-thalassemia-2 deletion.
AB  - alpha-Globin is encoded by the two adjacent genes, alpha 1 and alpha 2. Although
      it is clearly established that both alpha-globin genes are expressed, their
      relative contributions to alpha-globin messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein synthesis
      are not fully defined. Furthermore, changes that may occur in alpha-globin gene
      activity secondarily to the loss of function of one or more of these genes (alpha
      thalassemia [Thal]) have not been directly investigated. This study further
      defines the expression of the two human alpha-globin genes by determining the
      relative levels of alpha 1 and alpha 2 mRNA in the reticulocytes of normal
      individuals and in individuals heterozygous for the common 3.7-kilobase deletion
      within the alpha-globin gene cluster that removes the alpha 2-globin gene (the
      rightward type alpha-Thal-2 deletion). To quantitate accurately the ratio of the
      two alpha-globin mRNAs, we have modified a previously reported S1 nuclease assay
      to include the use of 32P end-labeled probes isolated from alpha 1- and alpha 2
      globin complementary DNA recombinant plasmids. In individuals with a normal alpha
      globin genotype (as determined by Southern blot analysis [alpha alpha/alpha
      alpha]), alpha 2-globin mRNA is present at an average 2.8-fold excess to alpha 1.
      In individuals heterozygous for the rightward type alpha-Thal-2 deletion (
      alpha/alpha alpha) the alpha 2/alpha 1 mRNA ratio is 1:1. These results suggest
      that the loss of the alpha 2-globin gene in the alpha-Thal-2 deletion is
      associated with a 1.8-fold compensatory increase alpha 1-globin gene expression.

PMID- 4044828
TI  - Thermic effect of food at rest, during exercise, and after exercise in lean and
      obese men of similar body weight.
AB  - The thermic effect of food at rest, during 30 min of cycle ergometer exercise,
      and after exercise was studied in eight lean (mean +/- SEM, 10 +/- 1% body fat,
      hydrostatically-determined) and eight obese men (30 +/- 2% body fat). The lean
      and obese mean were matched with respect to age, height, weight, and body mass
      index (BMI) to determine the relationship between thermogenesis and body
      composition, independent of body weight. All men were overweight, defined as a
      BMI between 26-34, but the obese had three times more body fat and significantly
      less lean body mass than the lean men. Metabolic rate was measured by indirect
      calorimetry under four conditions on separate mornings, in randomized order,
      after an overnight fast: 3 h of rest in the postabsorptive state; 3 h of rest
      after a 750-kcal mixed meal (14% protein, 31.5% fat, and 54.5% carbohydrate);
      during 30 min of cycling and for 3 h post exercise in the postabsorptive state;
      and during 30 min of cycling performed 30 min after the test meal and for 3 h
      post exercise. The thermic effect of food, which is the difference between
      postabsorptive and postprandial energy expenditure, was significantly higher for
      the lean than the obese men under the rest, post exercise, and exercise
      conditions: the increments in metabolic rate for the lean and obese men,
      respectively, were 48 +/- 7 vs. 28 +/- 4 kcal over 3 h rest (P less than 0.05);
      44 +/- 7 vs. 16 +/- 5 kcal over 3 h post exercise (P less than 0.05); and 19 +/-
      3 vs. 6 +/- 3 kcal over 30 min of exercise (P less than 0.05). The thermic effect
      of food was significantly negatively related to body fat content under the rest
      (r = -0.55), post exercise (r = -0.66), and exercise (r = -0.58) conditions. The
      results of this study indicate that for men of similar total body weight and BMI,
      body composition is a significant determinant of postprandial thermogenesis; the
      responses of obese are significantly blunted compared with those of lean men.

PMID- 4044829
TI  - Blood pressure development of the spontaneously hypertensive rat after concurrent
      manipulations of dietary Ca2+ and Na+. Relation to intestinal Ca2+ fluxes.
AB  - The blood pressure of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is influenced by
      the Ca2+ content of its diet. As the SHR's greater dependence on dietary calcium
      may reflect a defect in intestinal calcium absorption, we measured in vitro
      unidirectional Ca2+ flux (J) in the duodenum-jejunum (four segments each) of the
      SHR (n = 6) and the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY; n = 6) by a modified
      Ussing apparatus. Because of the known and postulated interactions between Ca2+
      and Na+ in both intestinal and vascular tissue, we assessed in vivo the influence
      of a concurrent manipulation of Na+ intake (three levels: 0.25%, 0.45%, and 1.0%)
      on the blood pressure development of SHRs (n = 35) and WKYs (n = 35), between 6
      and 20 wk of age, exposed to three levels of dietary calcium (0.1, 1.0, and 2%).
      Net calcium flux (Jnet) (mean +/- SEM) was significantly (P less than 0.01) lower
      in the SHR (-2.8 +/- 6.3 nmol/cm2 X h) than in the WKY (34.6 +/- 8.8 nmol/cm2 X
      h). The SHR's decreased Jnet resulted from a significantly (P less than 0.03)
      lower mucosa-to-serosa flux (Jm-s) in the SHR (41.0 +/- 5.6 nmol/cm2 X h)
      compared with the Jm-s of the WKY (70.1 +/- 9.1 nmol/cm2 X h). Serosa-to-mucosa
      flux for calcium did not differ between the SHR (43.8 +/- 6.6 nmol/cm2 X h) and
      the WKY (35.5 +/- 8.0 nmol/cm2 X h). The SHR's decreased (P less than 0.002) Jm-s
      was confirmed by additional measurements in SHRs and WKYs. Jm-s was 36.2 +/- 3.7
      nmol/cm2 X h in the SHRs (n = 11) and 64.4 +/- 6.7 nmol/cm2 X h in the WKYs (n =
      9). The provision of an increased dietary Ca2+ (2% by weight) and increased Na+
      (1%) to the SHR prevented the emergence of hypertension (P less than 0.001) (mean
      +/- SEM systolic blood pressure at 20 wk of age; 135 +/- 5 mmHg for the 2% Ca2+,
      1% Na+ SHR vs. 164 +/- 2 mmHg for the control diet SHR). Ca2+ (0.1%) and Na+
      (0.25%) restriction accelerated the SHR's hypertension (192 +/- 2 mmHg) (P less
      than 0.001) and was associated with higher pressures in the WKY (146 +/- 4 mmHg
      in the restricted WKY vs. 134 +/- 4 mmHg in the control WKY). In a parallel group
      of 24 SHRs and 24 WKYs fed one of three diets (2% Ca2+/1% Na+; 1% Ca2+/0.45% Na+;
      or 0.1% Ca2+/0.25% Na+), the heart (P < 0.05) and kidney (P = 0.08) weight of the
      SHRs varied depending on the diet at 20 wk of age. Low Ca2+ and Na+ intake was
      associated with increased heart weight (1.6+/-0.9 g) compared with the normal
      diet for SHR (1.51+/-0.07 g). Increased Ca2+ and Na+ intake was associated with a
      significantly (P = 0.05) lower heart weight in the SHR (1.37+/-0.03 g) and in the
      WKY (1.35+/-0.06 g) compared with their normal diet controls. These findings show
      one mechanism for the SHR's depressor response to supplemental dietary Ca2+ and,
      in part, explain the sodium dependence of calcium's cardiovascular protective
      effect.

PMID- 4044830
TI  - Oxygen deprivation-induced injury to isolated rabbit kidney tubules.
AB  - The utility of freshly isolated suspensions of rabbit tubules enriched in
      proximal segments for studying the pathogenesis of oxygen deprivation-induced
      renal tubular cell injury was evaluated. Oxygenated control preparations
      exhibited very good stability of critical cell injury-related metabolic
      parameters including oxygen consumption, cell cation homeostasis, and adenine
      nucleotide metabolism for periods in excess of 2 h. Highly reproducible models of
      oxygen deprivation-induced injury and recovery were developed and alterations of
      injury-related metabolic parameters in these models were characterized in detail.
      When oxygen deprivation was produced under hypoxic conditions, tubules sustained
      widespread lethal cell injury and associated metabolic alterations within 15-30
      min. However, when oxygen deprivation was produced under simulated ischemic
      conditions, tubules tolerated 30-60 min with only moderate amounts of lethal cell
      injury occurring, a situation similar to that seen with ischemia in vivo. Like
      ischemia in vivo, simulated ischemia in vitro was characterized by a fall in pH
      during oxygen deprivation. No such fall in pH occurred in the hypoxic model. To
      test whether this fall in pH could contribute to the protection seen during
      simulated ischemia in vitro, tubules were subjected to hypoxia at medium pHs
      ranging from 7.45 to 6.41. Striking protection from hypoxic injury was seen as pH
      was reduced with maximal protection occurring in tubules made hypoxic at pHs
      below 7.0. Measurements of injury-associated metabolic parameters suggested that
      the protective effect of reduced pH may be mediated by pH-induced alterations of
      tubule cell Ca++ metabolism. This study has, thus, defined and characterized in
      detail a new and extremely versatile model system for the study of oxygen
      deprivation-induced cell injury in the kidney and has established that pH
      alterations play a major role in modulating such injury.

PMID- 4044831
TI  - Hepatic and renal metabolism before and after portasystemic shunts in patients
      with cirrhosis.
AB  - Hepatic cirrhosis with portal hypertension and gastroesophageal hemorrhage is a
      disease complex that continues to be treated by surgical portasystemic shunts.
      Whether or not a reduction or diversion of portal blood flow to the liver
      adversely affects the ability of the liver to maintain fuel homeostasis via
      gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and ketogenesis is unknown. 11 patients with
      biopsy-proven severe hepatic cirrhosis were studied before and after distal
      splenorenal or mesocaval shunts. Hepatic, portal, and renal blood flow rates and
      glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, amino acids, ketone bodies, free fatty
      acids, and triglyceride arteriovenous concentration differences were determined
      to calculate net precursor-product exchange rates across the liver, gut, and
      kidney. The study showed that hepatic contribution of glucose and ketone bodies
      and the caloric equivalents of these fuels delivered to the blood was not
      adversely affected by either a distal splenorenal or mesocaval shunt. In addition
      to these general observations, isolated findings emerged. Mesocaval shunts
      reversed portal venous blood and functionally converted this venous avenue into
      hepatic venous blood. The ability of the kidney to make a substantial net
      contribution of ketone bodies to the blood was also observed.

PMID- 4044832
TI  - Leukotriene B4 omega-hydroxylase in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Partial
      purification and identification as a cytochrome P-450.
AB  - Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) not only synthesize and respond to
      leukotriene B4 (LTB4), but also catabolize this mediator of inflammation rapidly
      and specifically by omega-oxidation. To characterize the enzyme(s) responsible
      for omega-oxidation of LTB4, human PMN were disrupted by sonication and subjected
      to differential centrifugation to yield membrane, granule, and cytosol fractions
      (identified by biochemical markers). LTB4 omega-hydroxylase activity was
      concentrated (together with NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity) only in the
      membrane fraction (specific activity increased 10-fold as compared to whole
      sonicates, 41% recovery). Negligible activity was detected in granule or cytosol
      fractions. LTB4 omega-hydroxylase activity in isolated PMN membranes was linear
      with respect to duration of incubation and protein concentration, was maximal at
      pH 7.4, had a Km for LTB4 of 0.6 microM, and was dependent on oxygen and on
      reduced pyridine nucleotides (apparent Km for NADPH = 0.5 microM; apparent Km for
      NADH = 223 microM). The LTB4 omega-hydroxylase was inhibited significantly by
      carbon monoxide, ferricytochrome c, SKF-525A, and Triton X-100, but was not
      affected by alpha-naphthoflavone, azide, cyanide, catalase, and superoxide
      dismutase. Finally, isolated PMN membranes exhibited a carbon monoxide difference
      spectrum with a peak at 452 nm. Thus, we have partially purified the LTB4 omega
      hydroxylase in human PMN and identified the enzyme as a membrane-associated,
      NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 4044834
TI  - Studies on the in vivo and in vitro distribution of apolipoprotein A-IV in human
      plasma and lymph.
AB  - To investigate the unique distribution in plasma of apolipoprotein A-IV (apo A
      IV) we have determined, in a series of in vitro and in vivo studies, the
      redistribution among lipoproteins of 125I-apo A-IV. Free 125I-apo A-IV associated
      predominantly with high density lipoprotein (HDL) (72 +/- 3.5%) in incubations
      with plasma, and with triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) (65 +/- 3.0%) in
      incubations with lymph, rather than with the lipoprotein-deficient fraction (LDF)
      where greater than 90% of apo A-IV resides. Incubations with 125I-apo A-IV
      (incorporated within HDL or TRL) also resulted in similar redistributions of
      label. Specific radioactivities of apo A-IV in HDL and in TRL were of a similar
      order and 15-fold higher than those in LDF. However, when 125I-apo A-IV in LDF
      was incubated with plasma, 57 +/- 2.6% of label remained in the LDF, though the
      specific radioactivity of apo A-IV in HDL was 15-fold higher than in LDF. Thus,
      apo A-IV apparently exchanges freely between TRL, HDL, and a part of apo A-IV in
      LDF, but most of apo A-IV in LDF is refractive to free exchange or transfer. In
      vivo experiments carried out in five subjects, in which 125I-apo A-IV was
      injected within TRL, HDL, or LDF, were consistent with the in vitro data in
      showing rapid exchange of label among plasma apo A-IV containing fractions with
      much higher specific radioactivities in HDL than in LDF (10-30-fold). However,
      the small fraction of apo A-IV in LDF that did become labeled was removed from
      plasma in a biexponential fashion and at the same rate as from HDL. Thus, only a
      small fraction of the bulk of apo A-IV in plasma LDF exchanges freely with apo A
      IV in TRL and HDL, suggesting that apo A-IV in LDF exists in at least two pools.
      This is consistent with our previous findings that apo A-IV in plasma is present
      in two distinct complexes with lipids and other peptides.

PMID- 4044833
TI  - Mechanism of liver glycogen repletion in vivo by nuclear magnetic resonance
      spectroscopy.
AB  - In order to quantitate the pathways by which liver glycogen is repleted, we
      administered [1-13C]glucose by gavage into awake 24-h fasted rats and examined
      the labeling pattern of 13C in hepatic glycogen. Two doses of [1-13C]glucose, 1
      and 6 mg/g body wt, were given to examine whether differences in the plasma
      glucose concentration altered the metabolic pathways via which liver glycogen was
      replenished. After 1 and 3 h (high-dose group) and after 1 and 2 h (low-dose
      group), the animals were anesthetized and the liver was quickly freeze-clamped.
      Liver glycogen was extracted and the purified glycogen hydrolyzed to glucose with
      amyloglucosidase. The distribution of the 13C-label was subsequently determined
      by 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The percent 13C enrichment of the
      glucosyl units in glycogen was: 15.1 +/- 0.8%(C-1), 1.5 +/- 0.1%(C-2), 1.2 +/-
      0.1%(C-3), 1.1 +/- 0.1%(C-4), 1.6 +/- 0.1%(C-5), and 2.2 +/- 0.1%(C-6) for the
      high-dose study (n = 4, at 3 h); 16.5 +/- 0.5%(C-1), 2.0 +/- 0.1%(C-2), 1.3 +/-
      0.1%(C-3), 1.1 +/- 0.1%(C-4), 2.2 +/- 0.1%(C-5), and 2.4 +/- 0.1%(C-6) in the low
      dose study (n = 4, at 2 h). The average 13C-enrichment of C-1 glucose in the
      portal vein was found to be 43 +/- 1 and 40 +/- 2% in the high- and low-dose
      groups, respectively. Therefore, the amount of glycogen that was synthesized from
      the direct pathway (i.e., glucose----glucose-6-phosphate----glucose-1-phosphate--
      -UDP-glucose---- glycogen) was calculated to be 31 and 36% in the high- and low
      dose groups, respectively. The 13C-enrichments of portal vein lactate and alanine
      were 14 and 14%, respectively, in the high-dose group and 11 and 8%,
      respectively, in the low-dose group. From these enrichments, the minimum
      contribution of these gluconeogenic precursors to glycogen repletion can be
      calculated to be 7 and 20% in the high- and low-dose groups, respectively. The
      maximum contribution of glucose recycling at the triose isomerase step to
      glycogen synthesis (i.e., glucose----triose-phosphates----glycogen) was estimated
      to be 3 and 1% in the high- and low-dose groups, respectively. In conclusion, our
      results demonstrate that (a) only one-third of liver glycogen repletion occurs
      via the direct conversion of glucose to glycogen, and that (b) only a very small
      amount of glycogen synthesis can be accounted for by the conversion of glucose to
      triose phosphates and back to glycogen; this suggests that futile cycling between
      fructose-6-phosphate and fructose-1,6-diphosphate under these conditions is
      minimal. Our results also show that (c) alanine and lactate account for a minimum
      of between 7 and 20% of the glycogen synthesized, and that (d) the three pathways
      through which the labeled flux is measured account for a total of only 50% of the
      total glycogen synthesized. These results suggest that either there is a sizeable
      amount of glycogen synthesis via pathway(s) that were not examined in the present
      experiment or that there is a much greater dilution of labeled alanine/lactate in
      the oxaloacetate pool than previously appreciated, or some combination of these
      two explanations.

PMID- 4044835
TI  - Effects of dichloroacetate in the treatment of hypoxic lactic acidosis in dogs.
AB  - The metabolic and systemic effects of dichloroacetate (DCA) in the treatment of
      hypoxic lactic acidosis were evaluated in the dog and compared with the infusion
      of equal quantities of volume and sodium. Hypoxic lactic acidosis was induced by
      ventilating dogs with an hypoxic gas mixture of 8% oxygen and 92% nitrogen,
      resulting in arterial PO2 of less than 30 mmHg, pH below 7.20, bicarbonate less
      than 15 mM, and lactate greater than 7 mM. After, the development of hypoxic
      lactic acidosis dogs were treated for 60 min with either DCA as sodium salt or
      NaCl at equal infusions of volume and sodium. Dogs treated with DCA showed a
      significant increase of arterial blood pH and bicarbonate, and steady levels of
      lactate, whereas NaCl resulted in further declines of blood pH and bicarbonate,
      and rising blood lactate levels. Overall lactate production decreased during
      therapy with either regimen, but hepatic lactate extraction increased
      significantly with DCA, while it remained unchanged with NaCl. Tissue lactate
      levels in liver and skeletal muscle decreased significantly with DCA treatment
      but were unchanged with NaCl. Additionally, an increase in muscle intracellular
      pH was observed only in DCA treated dogs. A possible mechanism for the observed
      actions of DCA might be related to a significant increase in oxygen delivery to
      tissues. Such an effect was found with DCA administration, but was not observed
      with NaCl therapy. In conclusion, DCA therapy in hypoxic lactic acidosis has
      beneficial systemic effects compared with therapy with NaCl. DCA administration
      is accompanied by increases of blood pH and bicarbonate, a decrease in lactate
      production, and enhanced liver lactate extraction, and a lowering of tissue
      lactate levels.

PMID- 4044837
TI  - Development of a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the determination of arginine
      vasopressin in urine.
AB  - A new solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been developed for measuring
      arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in urine. AVP is first extracted from urine by
      adsorption on Vycor glass powder and eluted with acetone-water (60:40). The mean
      recovery is 75.3 +/- 2.2% (n = 18). The organic extract is evaporated to dryness
      and reconstituted in the assay buffer. Aliquots of this extract are then
      incubated with 125I-AVP in polystyrene LKB tubes previously coated with the
      antiserum (1:50000) for 48 hours. The free radioactive fraction is removed by
      aspiration and the tubes are counted. Values correlate well with those obtained
      by liquid-phase RIA using dextran-charcoal. Urinary AVP concentrations in normal
      Sprague-Dawley rats and rats with varying degrees of hydration have been
      measured.

PMID- 4044838
TI  - A sensitive and specific immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for human thyroid
      stimulating hormone.
AB  - A liquid phase "two-site" immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) specific for human
      thyroid stimulating hormone (hTSH) is described. The assay is based on the
      simultaneous addition of affinity purified sheep anti hTSH IgG-I 125 and rabbit
      anti hTSH antiserum to standards and unknowns followed by 4h incubation at room
      temperature. The separation of free labelled sheep IgG-I125 from that bound to
      hTSH is achieved by the addition of sheep anti-rabbit IgG Fc fragment antiserum.
      The radiolabelled sheep anti-hTSH IgG-I 125 was pretreated with solid phase
      urinary postmenopausal gonadotropins to remove cross reaction with FSH and LH.
      The assay is specific for hTSH and no cross reaction with the other anterior
      pituitary glycoproteins or protein hormones has been found. In addition it is
      characterized by a wide operating range, rapid equilibration of reactants and
      high sensitivity (0.02 microU/ml). The precision of dose estimates was less than
      10% between 0.25-2.5 microU/ml and less than 2.5% over the range 2.5-60
      microU/ml.

PMID- 4044836
TI  - Inhibitory role of dietary protein restriction on the development and expression
      of immune-mediated antitubular basement membrane-induced tubulointerstitial
      nephritis in rats.
AB  - The protective effect of dietary protein restriction on the development and
      expression of immune-mediated interstitial nephritis was evaluated in Brown
      Norway rats with anti-tubular basement membrane disease. In the first series of
      experiments, pair-fed rats received low protein (LP) (3% casein) or normal
      protein (NP) (27% casein), normocaloric diets. After 6 wk, each group was
      immunized with renal tubular antigen in adjuvant to produce anti-tubular basement
      membrane antibody (alpha TBM-Ab) and tubulointerstitial nephritis. The kidneys
      harvested from NP rats after four more weeks on the diet had histologically more
      severe interstitial disease than the LP rats (histologic severity; NP = 3.1 +/-
      0.2 vs. LP = 1.1 +/- 0.3; P less than 0.001), and serum creatinine values were
      concordantly different (NP = 1.34 +/- 0.02 vs. LP = 0.82 +/- 0.03). Titers of
      alpha TBM-Ab were similar in both groups, while the T cell-mediated immune
      response, as measured by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), was nonspecifically
      impaired in LP rats when compared with the NP group. Admixture cotransfers of LP
      plus NP cells failed to demonstrate active suppression as an explanation for the
      depressed DTH in LP rats. The therapeutic role of dietary protein restriction was
      also examined in rats with established alpha TBM disease. In these experiments,
      rats were first immunized and fed NP diets for 4 wk (histologic severity = 3.0 +/
      0.2; creatinine = 1.78 +/- 0.02), and then were divided into two groups and
      followed for six more weeks on either LP or NP diets. LP rats, under these
      conditions, developed less disease than those fed NP diet (histologic severity;
      NP = 3.2 +/- 0.3 vs. LP = 1.4 +/- 0.2; P less than 0.001), and serum creatinine
      values were concordantly different (NP = 1.92 +/- 0.05 vs. LP = 0.97 +/- 0.02).
      Again, the titers of alpha TBM-Ab in both LP and NP groups were similar. These
      data collectively suggest that LP diet has a protective effect both on the
      development and extent of tubulointerstitial nephritis that is perhaps, in part,
      related to the selective abrogation of effector T cell immunity.

PMID- 4044839
TI  - Levels of aspiration of parents for their asthmatic, diabetic, and healthy
      children.
AB  - This study employed a modified Rotter Level of Aspiration (LOA) task to assess
      parents' goal setting for their children. The sample of 64 children (ages 6 to
      13) and their 128 parents contained 16 triads from each of four groups:
      Asthmatic, asthma sibling, diabetic, and normal. Parents indicated their own
      goals for their children and could influence the goals that the children set for
      themselves. Aspects of general family functioning also were assessed. Mothers of
      asthmatic children showed no significant goal setting differences from comparison
      mothers. These mothers were less, rather than more, controlling, and there was no
      support for the theory that mothers of asthmatic children are narcissistically
      overcontrolling. Fathers of asthmatics were more rigid and less accommodating in
      their goal setting, and fathers of all chronically ill children had higher LOAs
      than did control fathers.

PMID- 4044840
TI  - Global vs. restricted negative measure of life change events: methodological
      inquiry.
AB  - The present study replicated a previous investigation that compared a global
      measure of life change events (the Schedule of Recent Experience) with a
      restricted negative measure of such events (the Life Experience Survey) in
      association with self-reported anxiety and depressive symptomatology (N = 84).
      With appropriate sampling methods and data analysis by gender, the previous
      finding of the superiority of the negative events measure was not supported. The
      pattern of inconsistent findings for both measures suggests the need for
      utilizing semi-structured interviews.

PMID- 4044841
TI  - An empirical taxonomy of symptom types among divorcing persons.
AB  - This study generated and assessed an empirical taxonomy of symptom profiles or
      types in a nonclinical population. Three hundred and thirty men and women who
      recently had separated from their marital partners were interviewed and completed
      a variety of instruments. Cluster analysis of factors derived from one such
      instrument, a symptom checklist, yielded a provisional classification of
      respondents into nine types. The latter were examined for differences in socio
      economic characteristics as well as several variables suggested in the literature
      to predict or help explain symptom formation: Feelings of control, self-concept,
      social stressors, and current morale. Results indicated three types to be
      relatively well off despite the potentially stressful conditions inherent in
      divorce. The Overwhelmed and the Somatic depressives, in contrast, demonstrated
      multiple signs of dysfunction. The findings indicate the value of applying
      empirical classification procedures to at-risk populations in the community.

PMID- 4044842
TI  - Social and anamnestic correlates of consensus in diagnosing schizophrenia.
AB  - One hundred and twenty patients with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia (mean
      age 38.2 years; 73 women, 47 men) were evaluated by means of 13 systems for
      diagnosing schizophrenia. The sample included only patients classified as
      schizophrenic by at least one system. Data analyses indicated that the number of
      systems that diagnosed patients as schizophrenic (i.e., a variable that ranged
      from one to 13 points) was larger for persons who suffered from their symptoms in
      a more chronic manner (r = .47), were more frequently diagnosed as schizophrenic
      in hospitals in the past (r = .44), were more frequently hospitalized before (r =
      .31), and whose last hospitalization was more recent (r = .24). They were also
      less likely to be presently employed in higher-ranking positions (r = .32) and to
      own a house (r = .32).

PMID- 4044843
TI  - Another test of the effect of group composition on member behavior change.
AB  - Three-person groups (N = 24) dedicated to addressing assertion deficits common to
      their (female) members were so composed that one member (a confederate)
      consistently enacted one of four prescribed conditions: (1) personal
      warmth/success in changing; (2) personal warmth/failure to change; (3) lack of
      warmth/success in changing; and (4) lack of warmth/failure to change. Both
      confederate warmth and success modeling influenced the level of assertion change
      behavior reported by group members. These results confirm propositions based on
      clinical observations that therapeutic groups benefit measurably by the presence
      of one or more "warmth generators" and "success models." The results also suggest
      that while group members are influenced to effect change by success modeling,
      they tend to attribute this influence to confederate warmth. In addition, they
      tend to attribute success in changing to warm persons and failure to change to
      persons who are lacking in warmth.

PMID- 4044844
TI  - Using the 1983 norms for the MMPI: code type frequencies in four clinical
      samples.
AB  - MMPI responses obtained from a large random sample of midwestern adults who were
      18 through 99 years old and had no physically or mentally handicapping condition
      yielded a pattern significantly different from the pattern of the original norms.
      From these data, two new kinds of normative tables have been developed: Norms
      that reflect, for each sex, the response pattern of the general adult population,
      and a set of tables, separate for each sex, that allow comparisons to be based on
      age. In addition, the traditional scoring procedures based on a linear
      transformation that maintains any underlying skewness of the raw score
      distribution has been replaced by procedures that yield normalized T scores. The
      changes that are apparent at the item and scale level are also evident in the
      frequency with which certain 1- and 2-point codes occur in normal and clinical
      samples. These changes are apt to make our interpretive statements more
      meaningful because they are based on contemporary norms.

PMID- 4044845
TI  - The Hopelessness Scale and social desirability: more data and a contribution from
      the irrational beliefs test.
AB  - This paper presents findings with regard to social desirability confounding on
      Beck's Hopelessness Scale (Beck, Weissman, Lester, & Trexler, 1974). Data from 60
      suicidal and nonsuicidal psychiatric inpatients were examined in terms of the
      correlations between hopelessness scores and suicidality. Controlling for social
      desirability, as measured by the Marlowe-Crowne Scale (Crowne & Marlowe, 1964),
      did not affect this correlation substantially, nor did use of SD scores in a
      discriminant analysis improve accuracy of classification into severely suicidal
      and nonsuicidal groups. These results are in contrast with similar studies (e.g.,
      Linehan & Nielsen, 1981) that used the Edwards SD scale. However, regression
      analysis of the MCSD scale using subscales of the Irrational Beliefs Test (Jones,
      1969) raises the question as to whether the MCSD scale indeed is measuring SD, as
      opposed to some aspect or aspects of psychological adjustment.

PMID- 4044846
TI  - Development of a random response scale for the child abuse potential inventory.
AB  - The present research employed a total of 479 subjects in three studies to develop
      and initially validate a random response scale for the Child Abuse Potential
      Inventory. Preliminary norm and reliability estimates are reported (Study One).
      Cross-validation (Study Two) and construct validity (Study Three) data are
      provided that indicate that the random response scale is stable across groups and
      can discriminate normal responders from those instructed to respond in a random,
      haphazard manner.

PMID- 4044847
TI  - A short screening device for identification of cerebral dysfunction in children.
AB  - Many psychologists have been interested in the development of a screening battery
      for cerebral dysfunction. The purpose of the present study was to identify a
      short screening battery, drawn from the Halstead-Reitan Battery, that had a high
      degree of accuracy in differential identification of brain-damage and normal
      children. Fifty brain-damaged children and 50 controls (age 9-14 years) were
      identified and subdivided into two groups of 25 children in each category. The
      data based on the first pair of groups (25 brain-damaged and 25 control children)
      were processed with a discriminant analysis with linear transformation of the
      results, and a weighted screening index was developed based on eight measures.
      This screening index had an accuracy rate of 92% in differentiating the brain
      damaged subjects from the controls. The screening index then was applied to the
      validational groups (25 brain-damaged and 25 normal children), and an 86%
      accuracy rate was achieved. Computation of the screening index, which requires
      less than an hour of testing, is illustrated in this paper.

PMID- 4044848
TI  - A comparison of three neuropsychological tests: the Weigl, Hooper, and Benton.
AB  - The accuracy of prediction of brain dysfunction for three neuropsychological
      tests-the Weigl, the Hooper, and the Benton-was compared. Sixty-six male,
      veteran, psychiatric inpatients were administered all three tests, and diagnoses
      of brain dysfunction or intactness were made by their ward psychiatrist, who used
      neurodiagnostic techniques. The results disclosed that each test alone can
      predict brain dysfunction significantly better than chance. All chi 2 tests were
      significant at the .025 level or better. When the Weigl was used as a moderator
      variable with the Hooper and also with the Benton, the p values for each test
      were somewhat reduced (p = .005 and .01), an indication of improvement in
      predictive power. When the percentage of predictive accuracy (hit rates) for the
      three tests used alone and in combination was analyzed, it was shown that the hit
      rate is increased by combining the Weigl with the Hooper and also with the
      Benton. It is increased further by combining all three tests into a predictive
      index.

PMID- 4044849
TI  - MMPI correlates of verbal-intellectual deficits in patients with left hemisphere
      lesions.
AB  - This study investigated the emotional adjustment of patients (N = 31) with left
      hemisphere damage (LHD) as a function of the degree of impairment in verbal
      intelligence as measured by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. A multivariate
      comparison was made of the composite MMPI profiles of three groups of LHD
      patients classified according to Verbal IQ. The three groups produced fairly
      similar composite profiles, which indicated the presence of mild dysphoria,
      dissatisfaction, withdrawal, decreased initiative, and mild somatic
      preoccupations. Significant correlations emerged between the degree of verbal
      intellectual disability and MMPI F, PT, SC, and SI. However, when the variance in
      MMPI scores due to premorbid status (education) was partialled out, these
      correlations dropped to nonsignificant levels. These findings failed to support
      previous studies that linked verbal deficits with emotional disturbance, and they
      underscore the importance of premorbid intelligence in the psychological
      adjustment to organic impairment.

PMID- 4044850
TI  - A refined neurobehavioral inventory of hemispheric preference.
AB  - With the advent and rapid growth of neuropsychology has come the need for
      reliable and valid measures of neuropsychological behaviors. The inventory
      described in this article measures neurobehavioral preference based on
      theoretical assumptions and previous research findings in the field, such as
      brain localization and cerebral hemispheric dominance. The inventory consists of
      12 items, each of which has 4 statements that relate to four different functions
      of the two hemispheres, namely: (a) Left, logical; (b) Left, verbal; (c) Right,
      manipulative/spatial; and (d) Right, creative. A separate measure for left and
      right preference can be obtained by adding (a) and (b) and (c) and (d),
      respectively. Administration and scoring take only a few minutes. Statistical
      analysis shows that the results were in the predicted direction when six
      different criterion groups were used (e.g., artists, nurses, and teachers). The
      instrument appears suitable for use in personality research, counseling
      activities, or management techniques.

PMID- 4044851
TI  - An appraisal of three criteria for evaluating the usefulness of WAIS-R short
      forms.
AB  - The findings of research on short forms of the WAIS-R are used to illustrate the
      following points about three criteria for evaluating the usefulness of a short
      form: the correlation between a short form and the Full Scale is virtually
      certain to be highly significant; it makes little difference whether the mean IQ
      on a short form differs significantly from that on the Full Scale; the percentage
      of disagreements between a short form and the Full Scale in classifying subjects
      into IQ categories is virtually certain to be unacceptably high. Consequently,
      there appears to be little justification for regarding the three criteria as
      criteria.

PMID- 4044852
TI  - The cross-cultural validity of the Learning Disability Index: a reanalysis of
      Mishra's data.
AB  - This study investigated the nature of a learning disability index (LDI) for the
      objective assessment of verbal-nonverbal patterns of intellectual deficit on the
      WISC-R. The Factor II score coefficients derived from an unrotated principal
      components analysis of the WISC-R normative data, in combination with the
      individual's (or group's) average scaled scores, are used for this purpose. The
      mean LDI of various groups of learning disabled children, including Mishra's
      (1984a; 1984b) Mexican-American and Papago groups, are shown to be reliably
      different from the mean LDI of the normative population and thus demonstrate its
      cross-cultural validity.

PMID- 4044853
TI  - Verbal-performance IQ discrepancies on the WAIS-R: estimated vs. empirical
      values.
AB  - The accuracy of Payne and Jones's (1957) formula for evaluating the abnormality
      of test score differences was checked against the actual distribution of Verbal
      Performance IQ discrepancies in the standardization sample for the Wechsler Adult
      Intelligence Scale-Revised. The results given by the formula appear sufficiently
      accurate for most clinical applications and support the formula's use when the
      actual distribution of differences is unknown.

PMID- 4044854
TI  - Biofeedback vs. video games: effects on impulsivity, locus of control and self
      concept with incarcerated juveniles.
AB  - Research has found hyperactivity, poor impulse control, impaired sustained
      attention and low self-concept to be behavioral deficits common to juvenile
      delinquents. Limited opportunities for exercising self-control while incarcerated
      may encourage helplessness. If biofeedback training enhances self-regulation
      skills, then perhaps these behaviors can be taught in confinement. A sample of 12
      felonious juvenile residents (aged 15-18) from a highly restricted environment
      were assigned randomly to a biofeedback or video game group and trained for 10
      half-hour sessions. Results indicated virtually no significant differences
      between biofeedback and video game training. However, pre and post differences
      for both groups combined demonstrated significant gains in impulsivity, EMG, and
      self-concept. Both groups rated themselves equally on self-control ability,
      regardless of training. Further comparisons between other institutionalized
      residents (N = 14) and staff counselors (N = 10) as non-treatment controls were
      made. On each measure, both training groups improved consistently and became more
      like their less restricted counterparts.

PMID- 4044855
TI  - A cluster analysis of Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) profiles: more
      about a taxonomy of alcoholic subtypes.
AB  - MCMI and MMPI data were obtained from 125 male veteran alcoholic inpatients. MCMI
      profiles were classified into five relatively homogeneous subgroups by a
      hierarchical clustering technique. One-way ANOVAs were calculated for each of the
      MMPI scales; patients were classified according to MCMI group membership. Results
      showed that conceptually meaningful clusters exist among MCMI profiles, that
      statistically significant relationships exist between MCMI profiles and MMPI
      scale scores, and that these relationships are consistent with trends reported in
      the literature. The study provides additional support for the idea that a
      potentially useful taxonomy exists for alcoholics and suggests that the MCMI
      could be a useful tool in subsequent research on understanding and treating
      different patterns of alcoholism.

PMID- 4044856
TI  - Personality mechanisms of alcohol-related violence.
AB  - Personality variables involved in alcohol-related violence were studied by
      comparing MMPI scores of four different groups (N = 259): (1) men who committed
      murder while intoxicated (violent while intoxicated condition); (2) men who
      committed murder while sober (violent while sober condition); (3) those who were
      admitted to a psychiatric unit with a nonalcohol and nonviolence related problem
      (nonviolent and nonintoxicated condition); and (4) those admitted to a
      detoxification unit with no evidence of violence prior to admission (nonviolent
      but intoxicated condition). The violent groups were found to be more paranoid but
      less manic than the nonviolent groups. Men who commit murder while sober tend to
      be less interpersonally sensitive (low MF scores) but more psychopathic (high PD
      scores) than those who commit murder while intoxicated. Those who commit murder
      while intoxicated tend to be less psychologically minded (high L scores) than
      those who become intoxicated but who do not kill. Suggestions for prevention and
      treatment of violence and future research directions are proposed in light of
      these results.

PMID- 4044857
TI  - Use of outpatient treatment during civil commitment: law and practice in
      Nebraska.
AB  - Applying the principle of least restrictive alternative in civil commitment
      seldom results in outpatient treatment, even after initial treatment in a more
      restrictive setting. We studied 18 committed persons who were receiving
      outpatient treatment and compared them with three patient groups that differed by
      admission status and treatment setting. We offered explanations as to why
      outpatient treatment seldom proved to be the final step toward release from
      commitment.

PMID- 4044858
TI  - Counselor trainees' explanations of behavior: attributions to traits, situations,
      and interaction.
AB  - Counselor trainees' views of generic causes of behavior were investigated. Thirty
      seven counselor education graduate students were asked to assign validity ratings
      to seven possible explanations of what determines behavior. Participants were
      asked to make judgments either in reference to their own behavior or to someone
      else's behavior. The students assigned high validity ratings to an "interaction"
      explanation for behavior. Further, consistent with previous research findings
      that concern attributional processes, when counselor trainees explained their own
      behavior, they assigned relatively high ratings to external causes; when
      explaining others' behavior, they assigned relatively high validity ratings to
      internal causes.

PMID- 4044859
TI  - Language conditioning, emotional instructions, and cognitions in conditioned
      responses to fear-relevant and fear-irrelevant stimuli.
AB  - This study compared the effects of experimentally induced self-verbalizations
      (SV) on conditioned responses to fear-relevant (snakes) and fear-irrelevant
      (rabbits) stimuli. To extend the analysis of "preparedness theory" beyond its
      former reliance on physiological measures of fear, subjective and behavioral
      measures were also included. Using aversive tones (UCS) and slides of snakes or
      rabbits (CS), fear was classically conditioned in 44 volunteers. In 20 subsequent
      language conditioning trials without aversive tones, the same slides were paired
      with verbalizations referring either to positive features of the animals
      (stimulus-referent SV) or to approach behavior (response-referent SV). Skin
      conductance responses to fear-relevant stimuli were more readily acquired, of
      higher magnitude, and more resistant to extinction. Extinction was differentially
      affected by the two types of SV. Snakes were consistently evaluated more
      negatively than rabbits and approached less in a behavior test. Results are
      discussed in relation to preparedness theory and interpreted within Staats'
      social-behavioral learning paradigm.

PMID- 4044860
TI  - Diagnostic and gender differences in the expressed fears of anxious patients.
AB  - Fear Survey Schedule data are presented for a sample of 141 psychiatric patients
      who met the DSM-III criteria for an anxiety disorder. Diagnostic and gender
      differences in expressed fears are presented and the results are discussed in
      light of previous research.

PMID- 4044861
TI  - Psychometric properties of the Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters
      (MESSY) with emotional problems and self concept in deaf children.
AB  - In Study One the Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (MESSY) was
      scored by teachers for 96 deaf children ranging from normal intelligence through
      mentally retarded. Inter-item and split-half correlations were high, and internal
      consistency of particular items correlated to the scale as a whole was high.
      Items that were particularly spurious were looking and smiling at others, an
      interesting finding since these social behaviors are frequently targeted in
      treatment research. Therefore, re-evaluating behaviors which should receive
      priority for treatment may need to be considered at least with deaf children. In
      Study Two, these children were evaluated on social (MESSY) and emotional behavior
      (AML), and self-concept (Piers-Harris). Correlations between scales showed the
      greatest relationship between social and emotional responses. The implications of
      these data are discussed.

PMID- 4044862
TI  - Higher-order semantic counterconditioning of Filipino women's evaluations of
      heterosexual behaviors.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine if semantic counterconditioning could
      modify semantic differential ratings regarding premarital sexual behaviors, in
      Filipino women whose culture exerts great control over such matters. A total of
      303 unmarried, predominantly middle class, English speaking, Roman Catholic
      Filipino women aged 15-21 years volunteered to be subjects. Significant changes
      in the semantic differential ratings were obtained in four of the five CS
      (conditioned stimuli) phrases for subjects receiving semantic
      counterconditioning. Lesser changes in the semantic differential ratings for the
      same phrases were obtained from subjects in the Pseudo Conditioning and
      Repetition Control groups.

PMID- 4044863
TI  - The psychophysiological process of therapy in a case of injury-scene-elicited
      fainting.
AB  - In a single case study, the psychophysiological process of change was studied
      during treatment of fainting with exposure to blood/injury stimuli. Therapy
      involved two procedures: a muscle-tensing maneuver and a cognitive coping
      strategy, each applied in A-B-A format. During therapy, bradycardia was
      associated with reports of greater fear. Muscle tensing brought higher heart rate
      and lower fear ratings. In contrast, the cognitive strategy produced lower fear
      ratings without affecting heart rate. At termination and at 6- and 30-month
      follow-up, the patient reported problem-free exposure to injury stimuli. Results
      supported the efficacy of the treatment approach, differentiated the effects of
      separate components of the intervention, and clarified its physiological basis.

PMID- 4044864
TI  - Current treatment of obesity exemplified in a case study.
AB  - In a single case study, a 29-year-old man was successfully treated for obesity
      using a behavior therapy approach. He was taught to monitor his eating, exercise,
      correct misconceptions and develop appropriate strategies to change these in
      order to achieve the desired weight loss and develop a healthier lifestyle. As a
      result of significant changes in eating and exercise habits, significant weight
      loss occurred during treatment, and continued at 6-month follow up.

PMID- 4044865
TI  - Behavior analysis, program development, and transfer of control in the treatment
      of self-injury.
AB  - This case study illustrates an empirical approach to the diagnosis, treatment,
      and controlled follow-up of self-injurious clients. Following an assessment
      period, during which environmental factors associated with a severely retarded
      adolescent's self-injury were identified, the contingent application of
      protective equipment was combined with a differential reinforcement procedure
      (DRO) and implemented in a multiple baseline design across two hospital settings.
      Results showed a marked decrease in the rate of self-injury. Upon discharge from
      the hospital, the program was successfully replicated at the adolescent's
      residential center, again using a multiple baseline design across settings.

PMID- 4044866
TI  - Treatment of severe self-injurious and aggressive biting.
AB  - The treatment of a 16-year-old severely mentally retarded and blind female client
      exhibiting severe biting of self and others consisted of the contingent
      application of an aversive gustatory stimulus (Tabasco Sauce), brief timeout,
      DRO, and contingent restraint against biting while in time-out. This is the first
      use of Tabasco as the aversive stimulus against biting. Deceleration of biting
      was rapid and maintained for 20 months after initiation of treatment.

PMID- 4044867
TI  - Behavioral covariation in the treatment of delusional verbalization with
      contingency management.
AB  - A 23-year-old female with the dual diagnosis of mild mental retardation and
      emotional disturbance was referred for treatment because of frequent disruptive
      outbursts. A brief inpatient behavior analysis suggested that delusional
      verbalization reliably preceded all other aberrant behaviors. Consequently
      treatment focused mainly on delusional verbalization; the additional aberrant
      behaviors were observed for behavioral covariation. The treatment package
      consisted of verbal instructions, modeling of appropriate eating behaviors,
      contingent verbal reprimand and a 2-min removal of food, and differential
      reinforcement of other behaviors. The design was a multiple baseline across
      settings. Results indicate a marked decrease in delusional verbalization in all
      settings, and, a correlated decrease for disruption, screaming, and out-of-seat
      behaviors.

PMID- 4044868
TI  - Behavior therapy in South Africa: rejoinder to Barling.

PMID- 4044869
TI  - Problems with repeated exposures to behavior test situations.

PMID- 4044870
TI  - Behavior therapy in Sri Lanka.
AB  - The development of behavior therapy in Sri Lanka is presented. Its beginnings in
      the decade of the 70s in the two medical schools in Colombo and Peradeniya and
      its current status are reviewed, and future prospects are discussed. The need for
      developing and expanding behavior therapy practice in the country, and possible
      directions in training, are commented on.

PMID- 4044871
TI  - Structural aspects of the liver in patients with biliary disease and portal
      hypertension.
AB  - Structural changes were examined in liver tissue from 28 patients with chronic
      bile duct obstruction in whom portal hypertension was diagnosed. Extrahepatic
      portal occlusion was found in three patients and cirrhosis of the liver in two.
      In the remaining 23 patients diffuse hepatocyte hyperplasia and portal fibrosis
      were observed, but a normal spatial relation between portal tracts and hepatic
      venous radicles was, for the most part, retained. Liver tissue was also examined
      from a group of 76 patients with chronic bile duct obstruction in whom there was
      no indication of portal hypertension but some evidence of hepatocyte hyperplasia
      and fibrosis. Both these features were much less extensive than the changes seen
      in the group of patients ostensibly suffering from portal hypertension. The
      findings suggest that the combination of portal hypertension and chronic bile
      duct obstruction may not imply the unremitting, progressive, and irreversible
      changes that accompany cirrhosis because the normal vascular relations are
      retained. In the light of increasing experimental and clinical evidence of the
      resorption of collagen and the remodelling of hepatic plates it seems that the
      structural abnormalities in duct obstruction may substantially regress.

PMID- 4044872
TI  - Morphometric analysis of atrophic changes in human lingual epithelium in iron
      deficiency anaemia.
AB  - A stereological analysis of epithelial structure at the lateral surface of the
      tongue showed that iron deficiency anaemia was associated with reduced epithelial
      thickness despite the absence of overt mucosal abnormalities. The epithelial
      atrophy was entirely due to a reduction in the size and number of cells in the
      maturation compartment. By contrast, the progenitor cell compartment was
      increased in thickness due to an increase in the number of cells. This
      hyperplastic reaction may be a trophic response to the overall loss of epithelium
      in this condition.

PMID- 4044873
TI  - Small vessel disease in progressive diabetic neuropathy associated with good
      metabolic control.
AB  - Clinical, electrophysiological, and electron microscopical data are presented on
      10 diabetic patients with severe progressive neuropathy, predominantly motor in
      type, in the presence of good blood glucose control, and for one patient with
      painful neuropathy and third cranial nerve palsy. Endothelial cell hyperplasia
      was seen in small vessels in all cases, and seven patients showed plugging of the
      vascular lumen by degenerate cellular material and electron dense protein. It is
      suggested that these cells desquamate and occlude smaller peripheral vessels at a
      point of narrowing. In one case the lumen of a vessel was occluded by thrombus.
      Electron microscopical examination showed a vessel occluded by degranulated
      platelets. Electrophysiological studies showed a pattern of denervation that was
      asymmetrical and distally predominant in some patients, suggesting that the
      neuropathy, at least in part, relates to multiple small infarcts.

PMID- 4044875
TI  - Device to collect fibrils of collagen from biopsies of human skin.

PMID- 4044874
TI  - Effect of temperature on antimicrobial susceptibilities of Pseudomonas
      maltophilia.
AB  - After a case of peritonitis caused by Pseudomonas maltophilia had occurred 20
      strains of the organism were investigated and the minimum inhibitory
      concentrations of a variety of antibiotics determined at 30 degrees C and 37
      degrees C. There was a significant difference in susceptibility between 30
      degrees C (most resistant) and 37 degrees C (most susceptible) for
      aminoglycosides and polymyxin B. No difference was seen with the other agents or
      in strains of Ps aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae tested under similar
      conditions. The possible mechanisms of this phenomenon are discussed below.

PMID- 4044876
TI  - Chlamydia psittaci infection in a man and his birds.

PMID- 4044877
TI  - Capnocytophaga ochracea: an unusual opportunistic pathogen.

PMID- 4044878
TI  - Glycosylated haemoglobin.

PMID- 4044879
TI  - Haematological and haemorheological changes associated with cigarette smoking.
AB  - A prospective study was undertaken to establish the haematological and
      haemorheological changes associated with long standing cigarette smoking in 20
      heavy smokers and to assess whether any such changes were reversible after
      smoking was stopped. Highly significant differences were observed in whole blood
      viscosity, plasma viscosity, plasma fibrinogen concentrations, packed cell
      volume, and carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations between smokers and non-smokers.
      Ten of the subjects were followed up for two weeks after stopping smoking by
      which time whole blood viscosity and carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations had
      improved significantly and indications of improvement could be seen in all other
      measurements. Two of these subjects were further followed up for two months when
      all the measured variables were comparable with those in non-smokers. No
      correlation could be established between carboxyhaemoglobin concentration and any
      of the other variables. Although patients' compliance may be difficult to obtain,
      further prospective studies would be required to confirm our findings.

PMID- 4044880
TI  - Splenic pathology in immune thrombocytopenia.
AB  - Splenic pathology was analysed in 73 patients with immune thrombocytopenic
      purpura who underwent splenectomy for bleeding that had been resistant to
      adrenocorticosteroids. The mean splenic weight was 100 g. The only notable
      macroscopic feature was the prominence of Malpighian corpuscles in 15 cases.
      Microscopic examination showed formation of germinal centres in the lymphoid
      tissue of the white pulp in 40 cases, prominence of the histiocytes in the red
      pulp in 18 cases, and infiltration with neutrophils in the same area in 49 cases.
      Myeloid metaplasia throughout the splenic tissue was minimal in 58 cases,
      moderate in 15, and extreme in two. No distinguishing features were found in the
      spleen from patients who had not received previous immunosuppressive treatment (n
      = 3), those treated with prednisone (1 mg/kg/day) for a median of 14 days (n =
      62), or those who had received the same dose of prednisone and additional
      azathioprine or cyclophosphamide (2 mg/kg/day) for a median of four weeks (n =
      8). No correlation could be shown between histological features and the age of
      the patient or titre of antiplatelet antibodies. Similarly, no distinguishing
      features were found in patients with associated systemic lupus erythematosus (n =
      8), hyperthyroidism (n = 6), immune haemolysis (n = 3), or recent viral illness
      (n = 3).

PMID- 4044881
TI  - Tardive dyskinesia: clinical and neuroendocrine response to low dose
      bromocriptine.
AB  - Twelve patients with a long-standing history of moderate to severe symptoms of
      tardive dyskinesia, which had remained stable for several months, participated in
      a 6-week trial with bromocriptine. All patients were receiving a concomitant
      neuroleptic medication and were treated with a low dose of bromocriptine (0.75 to
      7.5 mg). Patients showed a modest overall improvement of 16.6%, with a trend for
      greater improvement in male patients (23.6%). Baseline prolactin levels in the
      female patients showed a positive correlation with age and duration of tardive
      dyskinesia symptomatology. Plasma prolactin levels 4 hours following
      administration of bromocriptine were negatively correlated with the dose of
      bromocriptine. There appears to be a differential sensitivity for prolactin and
      growth hormone response to bromocriptine at these low doses in the presence of
      chronic neuroleptic treatment.

PMID- 4044883
TI  - Rapid induction of extrapyramidal side effects with combined use of lithium and
      neuroleptics.
AB  - Various forms of toxicity have been described when lithium and neuroleptics are
      used in combination. Two cases are presented in which extrapyramidal symptoms
      appeared soon after lithium was added to a regimen of neuroleptics. Clinical
      variables and pathophysiologic mechanisms are discussed. This reaction warrants
      further investigation.

PMID- 4044882
TI  - Psychostimulant plasma concentration and learning performance.
AB  - Six normal adults were administered an oral dose of 0.25 mg/kg of
      dextroamphetamine, and their learning performance on a paired-associate task and
      drug blood level were measured at hourly intervals for 5 hours postdrug intake.
      Dextroamphetamine plasma concentration peaked at 2 to 3 hours following the oral
      dose, and learning errors were lowest during the same period. A self-report
      measure of mood also yielded findings consistent with peak plasma concentration.
      Similar findings obtained with hyperactive children treated with methylphenidate
      (Ritalin) lead the authors to conclude that the paired-associate learning task
      may be useful as an indicator of psychostimulant plasma levels, as a predictor of
      clinical response after an acute dose, and as a highly controlled task for
      studying psychostimulant drug effects on learning.

PMID- 4044884
TI  - Treatment of social phobia with atenolol.
AB  - Social phobia is the least well studied phobic disorder of those included in DSM
      III. Reports from the British literature indicate that the condition is a
      distinct one that usually begins in adolescence and affects males more often than
      females. Patients characteristically complain of somatic symptoms and a fear of
      humiliation when confronted with specific social stimuli. Ten social phobic
      patients were openly treated with the cardioselective, peripherally active beta
      adrenergic blocking drug atenolol. Five patients had complete response and four
      had moderate response. Side effects were minimal. Atenolol appears to work in
      social phobic patients by reducing autonomic nervous system response to phobic
      stimuli.

PMID- 4044885
TI  - Withdrawal reactions from oral flupenthixol.

PMID- 4044887
TI  - Anesthesia in ECT.

PMID- 4044886
TI  - Recent developments in ECT in Holland.

PMID- 4044888
TI  - Glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive structures in the rat neostriatum: a
      correlated light and electron microscopic study including a combination of Golgi
      impregnation with immunocytochemistry.
AB  - An antibody to glutamate decarboxylase has been used in a light and electron
      microscopic study of the neostriatum of rats that had received intracerebral
      injections of colchicine. In the light microscope, neuronal perikarya and small
      punctate structures that displayed immunoreactivity were found. The perikarya
      could be divided into two classes based on their sizes: small-to-medium-sized and
      large. Proximal dendrites, axon initial segments, and axon collaterals were
      occasionally stained. When the nuclei of the neurons were visible, they possessed
      indentations. The immunoreactive punctate structures were spread evenly
      throughout the neostriatum but occasionally were associated with immunoreactive
      and nonimmunoreactive perikarya. When the same sections were examined in the
      electron microscope, the small-to-medium-sized immunoreactive perikarya were
      found to be similar in morphology and synaptic input to a class of Golgi
      impregnated neuron that has been previously shown to accumulate locally
      administered, radiolabelled gamma-aminobutyric acid. Neurons with the
      ultrastructural characteristics of typical striatonigral neurons did not display
      immunoreactivity. As neurons in this pathway probably contain gamma-aminobutyric
      acid, it is possible that our procedure or our antibody does not stain all gamma
      aminobutyric-acid-containing structures in the neostriatum. A total of 404
      immunoreactive punctate structures were examined by correlated light and electron
      microscopy or by electron microscopy alone. They were identified as
      immunoreactive axonal boutons and each of them, when examined in serial sections,
      displayed typical synaptic specialisations. Membrane specialisations were always
      of the symmetrical type. At least five distinct targets of the immunoreactive
      terminals were identified: neurons that were themselves immunoreactive for
      glutamate decarboxylase; the immunoreactive terminals made synaptic contact with
      all parts of the neurons examined, i.e., perikarya, proximal dendrites, and axon
      initial segments. Neurons identified by Golgi impregnation of the same sections
      as medium-sized and densely spiny; the immunoreactive terminals made contact
      predominantly with the perikarya and dendritic shafts. Large neurons found only
      in the ventral caudate-putamen, whose somata and dendrites were ensheathed in
      immunoreactive terminals. Medium-sized nonimmunoreactive perikarya that possessed
      nuclear indentations. Large nonimmunoreactive perikarya that had the typical
      structural features of striatal cholinergic neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4044889
TI  - Evidence for sprouting specificity following medial septal lesions in the rat.
AB  - Damage to the rat septohippocampal pathway results in the growth of sympathetic
      axons from nearby blood vessels into the denervated hippocampal formation.
      Sympathohippocampal sprouting exhibits lesion specificity--that is, only injury
      to the septohippocampal projection elicits the sprouting response. Whether other
      perivascular fibers sprout in response to septohippocampal injury (response
      specificity) has been addressed in the present study. Using cathecholamine
      histofluorescence and acetylcholinesterase histochemical techniques, we
      determined the distribution and incidence of perivascular sympathetic and
      nonsympathetic fibers associated with parahippocampal blood vessels in normal
      rats and in rats sustaining medial septal lesions. We found that sympathetic
      fibers are more numerous than acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers at all
      septotemporal levels of the hippocampal formation and that both types are very
      rare at dorsal hippocampal levels in normal rats. Following medial septal
      lesions, however, there is a tremendous increase in the number of perivascular
      sympathetic fibers at dorsal hippocampal levels but no change in the number of
      acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers. Electron microscopic observations indicate
      that the increase in perivascular fibers is due to increases in the number of
      sympathetic axonal fascicles as well as the number of axons per fascicle.
      Furthermore, both light and electron microscopic data suggest that
      parahippocampal veins are normally not accompanied by perivascular fibers but are
      associated with sympathetic fibers following medial septal lesions. These results
      indicate that sympathetic sprouting in response to septohippocampal denervation
      exhibits specificity not only in terms of the lesion which elicits such sprouting
      but also in terms of the types of fibers that respond to the lesion.

PMID- 4044890
TI  - Electron microscopic features of physiologically characterized, HRP-labeled
      fusiform cells in the cat dorsal cochlear nucleus.
AB  - We report on the anatomy and physiology of three fusiform cells in the dorsal
      cochlear nucleus (DCN) of the cat. The extra- and intracellular responses of
      these cells to pure tones showed features typical of the cell type. Peristimulus
      time histograms (PSTHs) were usually of the pauser or buildup configuration with
      chopping behavior noted in certain instances. Intracellular records during
      stimulus presentations revealed sustained depolarizations for the duration of the
      tone followed by a prolonged after-hyperpolarization (AHP). On rare occasions, a
      hyperpolarization corresponding to the pause region of the PSTH was noted.
      Occasionally, a stimulus-induced depolarization would be maintained after
      stimulus offset. Rebound excitation was also observed after the AHP.
      Morphologically, all three cells showed the standard fusiform cell features at
      the light microscopic level. The cell body gave rise to apical and basal
      dendritic trees. The apical tree branched frequently and displayed numerous
      spines distally. The basal tree had fewer branches and fewer, more irregular
      appendages. The axon originated from the cell body and gave rise to one or more
      collaterals before leaving the nucleus via the dorsal acoustic stria (DAS). At
      the electron microscopic (EM) level, the axon collaterals may terminate on a
      variety of cell types in the DCN, including fusiform cells. Their vesicles are
      round and the terminals closely resemble many unlabeled terminals seen on the
      cell body and apical and basal dendrites of our labeled fusiform cells. Terminals
      containing round vesicles, believed to be eighth nerve terminals, were found,
      with one exception, only on the basal dendrites. The spine-laden, distal apical
      dendrites received primarily terminals containing round vesicles, presumed to
      originate from the unmyelinated axons of granule cells. The cell body and
      unmyelinated initial segment received mostly terminals containing pleomorphic and
      flat vesicles, which also made up a large percentage of the dendritic input. Some
      relevant correlations, between the distribution of synaptic terminals and the
      observed physiology, may be possible.

PMID- 4044891
TI  - Cutaneous receptive fields of somatic and viscerosomatic neurones in the thoracic
      spinal cord of the cat.
AB  - Extracellular single-unit recordings were made from 121 neurones in the thoracic
      spinal cord of the cat. All neurones could be driven by electrical stimulation of
      dorsal root afferent fibres. The neurones were classified, according to the
      absence or presence of inputs from the ipsilateral splanchnic nerve, as "somatic"
      or "viscerosomatic", respectively. Cutaneous receptive fields were identified for
      75 of the neurones: 31 were somatic and 44 viscerosomatic. Only two of the
      somatic cells received cutaneous nociceptive inputs, compared with 33 of the
      viscerosomatic cells. Sixty-four percent of the whole sample of neurones had
      receptive fields which included three or more dermatomes. Viscerosomatic cells
      tended to have larger receptive fields than the somatic neurones, and six of them
      had fields which did not include the corresponding (T11) dermatome. Neurones with
      receptive fields in the dorsal one-third of the dermatome tended to be located in
      the lateral one-third of the dorsal horn, but those with receptive fields in the
      ventral two-thirds of the dermatome showed no differential distribution within
      the gray matter. This is discussed with respect to the results of anatomical
      studies on the dorsal horn projections of cutaneous afferent fibres from
      different regions of the dermatome. Preliminary results from intracellular
      staining with horseradish peroxidase reveal extensive branching of primary
      afferents in the dorsal horn, and large dendritic fields of dorsal horn neurones.
      Our physiological and morphological results indicate that the somatotopic
      organisation of the thoracic spinal cord is less well defined than that of the
      lumbosacral region.

PMID- 4044892
TI  - Quantitative analyses of axonal endings in the central nucleus of the inferior
      colliculus and distribution of 3H-labeling after injections in the dorsal
      cochlear nucleus.
AB  - Quantitative analyses of electron microscopic (EM) autoradiographs were used to
      identify the afferents from the dorsal cochlear nucleus in the central nucleus of
      the inferior colliculus (IC) in the cat. In order to localize the sources of
      radioactivity, material from axonal transport experiments was analyzed by means
      of a hypothetical grain procedure which takes the cross-scatter of beta particles
      into account. Measurements of the synaptic vesicles in axonal endings and a
      cluster analysis were used to identify different groups of endings. In order to
      determine which types of endings arise in the dorsal cochlear nucleus, axonal
      endings labeled after axonal transport and unlabeled endings were characterized
      and compared to the groups defined by the cluster analysis. Axonal endings with
      round synaptic vesicles were labeled with more than 2 grains/micron2 which was
      about 30% of the radioactivity in the central nucleus of the IC. This was six to
      seven times greater than if the radioactivity had been randomly distributed.
      Other tissue compartments usually had less radioactivity. Some myelinated and
      unmyelinated axons were labeled, but, as a group they had lower amounts of
      radioactivity than predicted by random labeling. In most cases, only low levels
      of activity were found in glial and postsynaptic structures. Five groups of
      axonal endings in the medial part of the central nucleus were identified by an
      analysis which clustered similar types of endings. The variance of the longest
      axis, the mean diameter, the variance of area, and the mean area of the synaptic
      vesicles were the variables most useful in distinguishing these five groups.
      Axonal endings with round synaptic vesicles were classified as either small, or
      large, or very large, while endings with pleomorphic vesicles were either large
      or small. Using measurements of the cross-sectional diameter of dendritic
      microtubules, samples of digitized axonal endings from normal and experimental
      cases were normalized and could be compared directly to the groups defined by the
      cluster analysis. Microtubules were 21.7 nm (+/- 1.6) in average diameter. After
      injections of 3H-leucine and/or proline in the dorsal cochlear nucleus, most of
      the labeled endings in the IC contained small, round vesicles (less than 47 nm in
      diameter) although a very small number of endings with large, round vesicles also
      were labeled.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4044893
TI  - Cytology and intrinsic organization of the perihypoglossal nuclei in the cat.
AB  - The morphology of the neurons in the perihypoglossal nuclei (nucleus prepositus,
      nucleus intercalatus, and nucleus of Roller) of the cat was studied in normal
      Nissl material, and by intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase. The
      neurons in the nucleus prepositus were morphologically heterogeneous. Many of the
      cells in the ventromedial part of the caudal prepositus had relatively large
      somata, and complex dendritic trees which arose from numerous proximal dendrites
      and ramified extensively in the ventromedial aspect of the prepositus. These
      neurons had thick axons which typically did not give rise to local collaterals.
      The cells in the dorsolateral part of the caudal prepositus tended to have small
      somata, and dendritic trees which arborized in that region of the nucleus. The
      axons of these small cells frequently gave rise to local collaterals which
      terminated in the prepositus. Most of the cells in the prepositus had medium
      sized somata and relatively few dendrites which branched in an isodendritic
      manner and extended for long distances, frequently leaving the nucleus. These
      "principal" prepositus neurons had axons which arborized unilaterally, and often
      gave rise to collaterals which terminated in either the ipsilateral or
      contralateral prepositus. The neurons in the nucleus of Roller and nucleus
      intercalatus which were intracellularly injected with horseradish peroxidase
      resembled the multidendritic and small prepositus cells, respectively. The
      intrinsic connectivity of the perihypoglossal nuclei was also studied by
      injecting horseradish peroxidase or 3H-leucine into the prepositus nucleus. The
      results of these experiments suggest that the perihypoglossal nuclei are highly
      interconnected bilaterally, although the large cells in the ventromedial
      prepositus and the nucleus of Roller contribute little to these intrinsic
      connections, and are not major recipients of intrinsic inputs. On the other hand,
      the magnitude of the reciprocal connections between the prepositus and the
      nucleus intercalatus suggests that they are functionally related.

PMID- 4044894
TI  - Corticothalamic connections of the posterior parietal cortex in the rhesus
      monkey.
AB  - Corticothalamic connections of posterior parietal regions were studied in the
      rhesus monkey by using the autoradiographic technique. Our observations indicate
      that the rostral superior parietal lobule (SPL) is connected with the
      ventroposterolateral (VPL) thalamic nucleus. In addition, whereas the rostral SPL
      is connected with the ventrolateral (VL) and lateral posterior (LP) thalamic
      nuclei, the rostral IPL has connections with the ventroposteroinferior (VPI),
      ventroposteromedial parvicellular (VPMpc), and suprageniculate (SG) nuclei as
      well as the VL nucleus. The caudal SPL and the midportion of IPL show projections
      mainly to the lateral posterior (LP) and oral pulvinar (PO) nuclei, respectively.
      These areas also have minor projections to the medial pulvinar (PM) nucleus.
      Finally, the medial SPL and the caudal IPL project heavily to the PM nucleus,
      dorsally and ventrally, respectively. In addition, the medial SPL has some
      connections with the LP nucleus, whereas the caudal IPL has projections to the
      lateral dorsal (LD) nucleus. Furthermore, the caudal and medial SPL and the
      caudal IPL regions have additional projections to the reticular and intralaminar
      nuclei-the caudal SPL predominantly to the reticular, and the caudal IPL mainly
      to the intralaminar nuclei. These results indicate that the rostral-to-caudal
      flow of cortical connectivity within the superior and inferior parietal lobules
      is paralleled by a rostral-to-caudal progression of thalamic connectivity. That
      is, rostral parietal association cortices project primarily to modality-specific
      thalamic nuclei, whereas more caudal regions project most strongly to associative
      thalamic nuclei.

PMID- 4044895
TI  - The midbrain periaqueductal gray in the rat. I. Nuclear volume, cell number,
      density, orientation, and regional subdivisions.
AB  - The midbrain periaqueductal gray is a functionally heterogeneous region which
      plays an important role in pain modulation. Despite the heterogeneity
      considerable controversy exists regarding the presence or absence of
      morphological subdivisions within the region. The present study was designed to
      evaluate the possibility of morphological subdivisions within the rat
      periaqueductal gray by using a statistical cluster analysis system. In addition
      both qualitative and quantitative data concerning neuronal size, shape, and
      density were obtained. On the basis of measurements of over 12,000 neurons in two
      planes of section, the mean neuronal length of cell bodies in this region was
      14.82 microns and the mean neuronal area was 95.59 microns squared . The mean
      neuronal density was found to be 16,284 cells per mm3. Neuronal density decreased
      from rostral to caudal in the periaqueductal gray. The data obtained from cluster
      maps suggest the presence of four subdivisions within this midbrain region. The
      medial subdivision contains the smallest neurons and exhibits the lowest cell
      density. The dorsolateral and ventrolateral divisions contain the largest neurons
      while the dorsal division displays the highest packing density. These results are
      discussed in light of recent receptor binding and immunohistochemical studies of
      this region.

PMID- 4044896
TI  - Cholecystokinin-immunoreactive cells form symmetrical synaptic contacts with
      pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons in the hippocampus.
AB  - The ultrastructural features and synaptic relationships of cholecystokinin (CCK)
      immunoreactive cells of rat and cat hippocampus were studied using the unlabeled
      antibody immunoperoxidase technique and correlated light and electron microscopy.
      CCK-positive perikarya of variable shape and size were distributed in all layers
      and were particularly concentrated in stratum pyramidale and radiatum: the CCK
      immunoreactive neurons were nonpyramidal in shape and the three most common types
      had the morphological features of tufted, bipolar, and multipolar cells. Electron
      microscopic examination revealed that all the CCK-positive boutons established
      symmetrical (Gray's type II) synaptic contacts with perikarya and dendrites of
      pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons. The origin of some of the boutons was
      established by tracing fine collaterals that arose from the main axon of two CCK
      immunostained cells and terminated in the stratum pyramidale; these collaterals
      were then examined in the electron microscope. The axon of one such neuron
      exhibited a course parallel to the pyramidal layer and formed pericellular nets
      of synaptic boutons upon the perikarya of pyramidal neurons. This pattern of
      axonal arborization is very similar to that of some of the basket cells,
      previously suggested to be the anatomical correlate for pyramidal cell
      inhibition. Typical dendrites of pyramidal cells also received symmetrical
      synaptic contacts from CCK-immunoreactive boutons, and some of these boutons
      could be shown to originate from a local neuron in stratum radiatum. Many CCK
      immunoreactive cells received CCK-labeled boutons upon their soma and dendritic
      shafts. Synaptic relationship, established by multiple "en passant" boutons, was
      observed between CCK-positive interneurons of the stratum lacunosum-moleculare
      and radiatum. The soma and dendrites of the CCK-immunostained neurons also
      received symmetrical and asymmetrical synapses from nonimmunoreactive boutons.
      These results indicate that the CCK-immunoreactive neurons participate in complex
      local synaptic interactions in the hippocampus.

PMID- 4044897
TI  - Critical stages for growth in the development of cortical neurons.
AB  - In order to study the role of efferent connectivity in the development of CNS
      neurons, the growth of pyramidal tract neurons within the hamster sensorimotor
      cortex was studied during normal development and after early postnatal lesions of
      the pyramidal tract. We first determined, by a combination of Nissl and
      retrograde HRP techniques, that within the lumbar representation of cortical
      layer 5B in adult animals two cell populations exist: a large-celled population
      (40% of the total) projecting to the spinal cord and a small-celled population
      (60% of the total) projecting intracortically and to targets rostral to the
      medulla. We could not determine whether large layer 5B cells in the infant
      sensorimotor cortex also represent the corticospinal population. Nevertheless,
      measurements of the growth in cross-sectional area of the large cells from 7 days
      postnatal to adulthood showed that these cells continue to grow until 51 days of
      age. The most rapid rate of growth occurs between 7 and 14 days, during which
      time the cross-sectional area of the cell bodies triples, coincident with the
      arrival of corticospinal axons in the lumbar cord and the beginning of target
      innervation (Reh and Kalil, '81). The growth of the large neurons in layer 5B was
      then charted after the pyramidal tract was cut ipsilaterally in the medulla at
      various postnatal ages. Early lesions of the tract (4-8 days postnatal) interrupt
      lumbar projection fibers before they establish synapses in the cord.
      Nevertheless, cortical cell bodies in the lumbar representation continue to grow
      normally after axotomy until 11 days after birth. At this time, large cells are
      arrested in development and their cell size remains in the 11-day stage (50% of
      normal adult large cell size) indefinitely. In contrast, adult lesions of the
      tract cause a 60% shrinkage of large cells, which in the adult represent
      corticospinal neurons. No evidence for cortical cell death was found after
      pyramidal tract lesions at any age. The results of axotomy reveal a turning point
      in the development of layer 5B cortical neurons. Before the age of 11 days the
      large cells have an independent program of cell growth that proceeds despite
      axotomy. After this time, the large cortical neurons appear to require intact
      axons for further growth and, in the absence of normal connectivity, are arrested
      in development.

PMID- 4044898
TI  - Anatomical identification of neurons in selected brain regions associated with
      maternal behavior deficits induced by knife cuts of the lateral hypothalamus in
      rats.
AB  - The present experiment identified neurons associated with maternal behavior
      deficits induced by damage to the lateral hypothalamus (LH) in rats. Fully
      maternal lactating rats received bilateral coronal knife cuts through either the
      dorsal or ventral LH at the level of the ventromedial nucleus. The blade of the
      wire knife used to make the cuts was coated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP).
      The maternal behavior of all females was studied for 4 days postoperatively and
      then the brains were processed for the localization of neurons retrogradely
      filled with HRP. The analysis focused on those brain regions thought to be
      important for maternal behavior. The dorsal LH cuts severely disrupted maternal
      behavior while the ventral LH cuts did not. The ventral cuts labeled more medial
      preoptic area (MPOA) and septal-diagonal band neurons with HRP than did the
      dorsal cuts. The dorsal LH cuts labeled more neurons with HRP in the lateral
      preoptic area (LPOA), magnocellular preoptic area, bed nucleus of the stria
      terminalis, ventral tegmental area (VTA), substantia nigra, and central gray than
      did the ventral cuts. Previous research has suggested that the lateral efferents
      of the MPOA interact with the VTA in the control of maternal behavior. The
      results of the present experiment suggest that MPOA axons which descend directly
      to the brainstem via the ventral LH are not essential for maternal behavior. Our
      results are consistent with the view that an MPOA-to-LPOA-to-VTA circuit may be
      important for maternal behavior.

PMID- 4044899
TI  - Septotemporal distribution of entorhinal projections to the hippocampus in the
      cat: electrophysiological evidence.
AB  - The projection of the entorhinal cortex (EA) to the hippocampus in the cat has
      been studied by electrophysiological methods. Field potentials elicited by EA
      stimulation sites were measured in the hippocampus (fascia dentata). Different
      topographic distributions of the amplitude and of the onset latency of average
      evoked potentials (AEPs) were obtained depending on the place of the stimulation
      along a lateromedial axis in the Ea. The lateral EA elicited the largest AEPs in
      the septal part of the hippocampus and the medial EA evoked maximal responses in
      the temporal part of the hippocampus, while the intermediate part of the EA
      evoked the largest AEPs in the splenial (intermediate) part of the hippocampus.
      Unit activity elicited by hippocampal stimulation was measured in the EA.
      Analysis of the antidromic unit activity showed that the pathways analysed were
      monosynaptic. Different conduction velocities to the septal part of the
      hippocampus were found; the pathway from the lateral EA was the fastest and the
      pathway from the medial EA the slowest. Assuming that the sites of maximal AEP
      amplitude correspond to the location of the major synaptic inputs, it can be
      concluded that the active synaptic inputs arising along a latero-medial axis in
      the EA are distributed within the hippocampus according to a septotemporal axis,
      although with some overlap between the different projections. Therefore it may be
      concluded that the hippocampus is not homogeneous with respect to the inputs from
      the EA. The present observations are discussed regarding anatomical data and
      putative functional differences between septal and temporal hippocampus.

PMID- 4044900
TI  - Structure of layer II in cat primary auditory cortex (AI).
AB  - The cytoarchitecture, myeloarchitecture, neuronal architecture, and intrinsic and
      laminar organization of layer II were studied in the primary auditory cortex (AI)
      of adult cats. The chief goal was to describe the different types of cells and
      axons to provide a framework for experimental studies of corticocortical
      connections or of neurons accumulating putative neurotransmitters. A further goal
      was to differentiate layer II from layer III. Layer II extends from 150-200
      micron to about 400 micron beneath the pia and has two subparts. The superficial
      stratum, layer IIa, has many small, chiefly non-pyramidal neurons, primarily with
      round or oval perikarya, and a sparse, fine, and irregularly arranged axonal
      plexus. Layer IIb somata are larger and more densely packed and there is a more
      developed vertical and lateral axonal plexus. The border with layer III was
      marked by numerous large pyramidal cells with a thicker apical dendrite with more
      developed basal dendritic arbors than those of layer II pyramidal cells. Eight
      varieties of neurons were recognized in Golgi-impregnated material. These
      included small and medium-sized pyramidal cells, whose apical dendrites often
      ramified in layer I; bipolar and bitufted cells with polarized, sparse dendritic
      arbors; small smooth or sparsely spinous multipolar cells with radiating
      dendrites and small dendritic fields; spinous multipolar cells, whose large
      dendritic fields had more extensive apical than basal arbors; large sparsely
      spinous multipolar cells with smooth, robust apical dendrites; tufted multipolar
      cells with highly developed apical dendrites and some dendritic appendages; and
      extraverted multipolar cells with a broad, candelabra-shaped dendritic
      configuration, and with most dendrites oriented at right angles to the pia. The
      axons of the different cell types had the following general dispositions: those
      arising from the pyramidal cells could often be traced into the white matter but
      had many local branches as well; those of the other neurons had more or less
      extensive local axonal collateral systems and fewer branches which appeared to be
      corticofugal. However, the complete trajectory of the axons was not always
      impregnated in the adult material.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4044901
TI  - The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 18.
AB  - The present study is concerned with the projection of the lateral geniculate
      nucleus onto cortical area 18. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into
      area 18 of 15 cats. Drawings were made to determine the location of the injection
      site and the distribution of labeled neurons in the lateral geniculate nuclei of
      each cat. The local retinotopic maps constructed prior to the injections and the
      reconstructions of the lateral geniculate nucleus were used to determine the
      location and the extent of each of the HRP injections. In 15 of the 25
      hemispheres studied, the ratio of the number of HRP-labeled neurons in lamina A
      relative to the number of labeled neurons in lamina A1 was calculated. This ratio
      varied from 1.06 to 0.28, indicating that at least some regions of area 18 are
      dominated by inputs from lamina A1. However, if the HRP-labeled neurons in lamina
      C are included in the counts for lamina A, then the ratio A+C/A1 has a mean of
      1.11, suggesting that area 18 receives a balanced input, with inputs from the
      contralateral eye being relayed through laminae A and C, and inputs from the
      ipsilateral eye being relayed through lamina A1. When the distribution of HRP
      labeled neurons in lamina A was plotted onto a dorsal view of the lateral
      geniculate nucleus, the labeled neurons formed an ellipse with the long axis of
      the ellipse oriented parallel to the isoelevation lines. The representation of
      azimuth is compressed in area 18 relative to the lateral geniculate nucleus. In
      six hemispheres the injections were restricted to a few layers of the area 18.
      Following small injections into layer IV of area 18, the HRP-labeled neurons
      occupied an extensive region of the lateral geniculate nucleus, indicating a
      considerable amount of convergence of the inputs to area 18. In hemispheres where
      the injections were restricted to layers I and II, labeled neurons were only seen
      in the medial interlaminar nucleus and the C laminae.

PMID- 4044902
TI  - Morphology of retinogeniculate terminals in the turtle, Pseudemys scripta
      elegans.
AB  - The dorsal lateral geniculate complex in turtles receives a bilateral,
      topographic projection from the retina and projects to the telencephalon. This
      study examined the morphology of individual retinogeniculate terminals that were
      filled with horseradish peroxidase by injections in the optic tract or optic
      tectum. A large number of retinogeniculate terminals were successfully filled and
      detailed drawings were prepared of 87 terminals. Terminals were classified into
      three types based on the size and number of varicosities in the terminal, and (if
      a terminal formed a spatially restricted arbor) the volume of the arbor. Type I
      retinogeniculate terminals form spatially restricted, large-volume arbors with a
      low density of large varicosities. Type II retinogeniculate terminals form small
      volume arbors with a high density of small varicosities. Type III
      retinogeniculate terminals, in contrast to types I and II, do not form spatially
      restricted arbors. Rather, they consist of sparsely branched axons that parallel
      the optic tract and contain scattered en passant varicosities. Plots of the
      distribution of different terminal types throughout the geniculate complex show
      that all three terminal types occur throughout the rostrocaudal and mediolateral
      extents of the complex. However, each terminal type has a preferential
      distribution with type II terminals being concentrated in the outer half of the
      neuropile, type I terminals in the inner half of the neuropile, and type III
      terminals in the cell plate. All three types can arise from axons that continue
      caudally to terminate in the tectum. These findings raise the possibility that
      various classes of retinal ganglion cells differ in their mode of termination
      within the geniculate complex, but the precise relation between the three types
      of retinogeniculate terminals and the classes of ganglion cells remains to be
      determined.

PMID- 4044903
TI  - Effects of continuous light on the retina of a fish, Notemigonus crysoleucas.
AB  - Notemigonus crysoleucas organisms were exposed to light at 1,250 and 850 lux in
      regimes of 12L:12D and 24L:OD. Each layer of cells in the retina was evaluated
      employing light microscopy and measurements for quantitative analysis were
      recorded from the retinas of over 150 fish. These values were compared for dorsal
      and ventral portions of the retina, for the two intensities, and for the two
      regimes. Fish maintained under the 24L:OD light regime exhibited significant
      light damage to the retina, characterized by reduction of outer segments of
      photoreceptors, reduction in the density of nuclear layers, and disintegration of
      ganglion cells. The dorsal portion of the retina experienced significantly
      greater deterioration than the ventral portion. Fish which had been subjected to
      96 hours of continuous light displayed no ability to repair damage after 96 hours
      under 12L:12D.

PMID- 4044904
TI  - Inferior colliculus of the house mouse. I. A quantitative study of tonotopic
      organization, frequency representation, and tone-threshold distribution.
AB  - Electrophysiological mapping was used to study frequency representation in the
      inferior colliculus (IC) of the mouse. In the lateral nucleus (LN) only part of
      the frequency range of hearing was represented and tonotopicity was separate from
      that in the rest of the IC. Highest frequencies occupied the medial part (M) of
      the central nucleus (CN). A single complete representation of the hearing range
      was present only if representations in the dorsal cortex (plus dorsomedial
      nucleus) and CN (including M) were combined. Continuous isofrequency planes
      making up these nuclei (without the lateral part of the CN) were reconstructed.
      They tilted from medial to lateral and from caudal to rostral. The steepness of
      the slopes increased from caudal to rostral and from dorsal to ventral (i.e.,
      with increasing frequency). Isofrequency planes had similar angles of deviation
      from the horizontal plane as described for dendritic laminae in the CN.
      Differences of mapping in the lateral part of the CN from that in the rest of the
      CN could be explained by the different organization of laminae in this part. The
      relative amounts of IC depth and volume occupied by parts of the mouse audible
      frequency range were quantified. Frequency representation along IC depth was not
      proportional to that along cochlear length. Compared with the relative density of
      afferent nerve fiber supply within given frequency ranges represented along the
      basilar membrane, there is a relative under-representation in the IC up to 15-20
      kHz and an over-representation of higher frequencies. Highest absolute tone
      sensitivity (lowest threshold) was found in neurons forming a column (running
      perpendicular to isofrequency planes) in the center of the IC. Results are
      discussed with regard to frequency representation, intrinsic neuronal
      organization, and functional segregation in the IC of mammals.

PMID- 4044905
TI  - Extent and organization of opossum prefrontal cortex defined by anterograde and
      retrograde transport methods.
AB  - Prefrontal cortex is commonly defined as cortex which receives afferents from the
      thalamic mediodorsal nucleus (MD). The extent of opossum prefrontal cortex was
      mapped with anterograde and retrograde axonal transport methods. The prefrontal
      field was found to include not only cortex on the lateral convexity of the
      frontal lobe as reported in earlier studies, but, in addition, cortex within the
      rhinal fissure and cortex on the rostral medial wall of the hemisphere. The
      organization of the thalamic input to the medial wall was analyzed in some detail
      and compared with that of the rat. The reason for this emphasis stemmed from
      earlier observations which suggested that a lateral, nonolfactory segment of MD,
      prominent in the rat and other species, may not be present in opossum MD. In the
      rat, the lateral segment, which constitutes approximately one-third of MD,
      projects to a relatively large expanse of rostral medial cortex which is also
      projected upon by the anteromedial nucleus. The main projection field of the
      lateral one-third of opossum MD is to cortex on the lateral convexity of the
      frontal lobe which has no input from the anteromedial nucleus and has no
      counterpart in the rat. Only the most lateral edge of opossum MD projects to
      medial cortex, to a very small field, which is also projected upon by the
      anteromedial nucleus. In other respects, the organization of the rostral medial
      cortex is similar in rat and opossum. These results suggest that, rather than
      being absent, an equivalent of a nonolfactory segment may be present in opossum
      MD but is markedly reduced in size, compared to that in rat and other species.

PMID- 4044906
TI  - Human fetal optic nerve: overproduction and elimination of retinal axons during
      development.
AB  - We have estimated the number of axons in the optic nerves of human fetuses
      ranging in gestational age from approximately 10 to 33 weeks. At 10-12 weeks of
      gestation there were an estimated 1.9 million axons in the optic nerve. A peak
      count of 3.7 million axons was obtained from a specimen of 16-17 weeks gestation.
      The estimated number of axons then declined, stabilizing at an estimated 1.1
      million axons by about week 29 of gestation. This figure is in close agreement
      with an estimate of 1.1-1.3 million optic axons in the human adult optic nerve.
      The results indicate that at least 70% of optic axons generated during
      development of the primary visual pathway are lost during fetal life. Part of
      this loss probably occurs as a result of the refinement of the terminal
      distribution of ganglion cell projections within their target nuclei. The
      significance of the relatively prolonged period of axonal loss is discussed.

PMID- 4044907
TI  - The afferent and sympathetic components of the lumbar spinal outflow to the colon
      and pelvic organs in the cat. I. The hypogastric nerve.
AB  - The cell bodies of the lumbar sensory and sympathetic pre- and postganglionic
      neurons that project to the pelvic organs in the hypogastric nerve of the cat
      have been labeled retrogradely with horseradish peroxidase applied to the central
      end of their cut axons. The numbers, segmental distribution, location, and size
      of these labeled somata have been determined quantitatively. Afferent and
      preganglionic cell bodies were located bilaterally in dorsal root ganglia and
      spinal cord segments L3-L5, with the maximum numbers in L4. Very few cells lay
      rostral to L3. Afferent cell bodies were generally very small in cross-sectional
      area relative to the entire population in the dorsal root ganglia. Most of the
      preganglionic cell bodies lay clustered just medial to the region of the
      intermediolateral column and extended caudally well beyond its usual limit in the
      upper part of L4. These neurons were, on the average, larger than the cells of
      the intermediolateral column itself, with the largest cells lying in the most
      medial positions. Most of the post-ganglionic somata were in the ipsilateral
      distal lobe of the inferior mesenteric ganglion, while some (usually less than
      10%) lay in accessory ganglia along the lumbar splanchnic nerves and in
      paravertebral ganglia L3-L5. Postganglionic somata in the inferior mesenteric
      ganglion were larger than both labeled and unlabeled ganglion cells in the
      paravertebral ganglia. From the data, it is estimated that about 1,300 afferent
      neurons, about 1,700 preganglionic neurons, and about 17,000 postganglionic
      neurons project in each hypogastric nerve in the cat.

PMID- 4044908
TI  - The afferent and sympathetic components of the lumbar spinal outflow to the colon
      and pelvic organs in the cat. II. The lumbar splanchnic nerves.
AB  - The cell bodies of the lumbar sensory and sympathetic pre- and postganglionic
      neurons that project to the inferior mesenteric ganglion in the lumbar splanchnic
      nerves of the cat have been labeled retrogradely with horseradish peroxidase
      applied to the central end of their cut axons near the inferior mesenteric
      ganglion. The numbers, segmental distribution, location, and size of these
      labeled somata have been determined quantitatively. After all the lumbar
      splanchnic nerves on one side of an animal were labeled, most labeled cell bodies
      were situated ipsilaterally in dorsal root ganglia, ganglia of the lumbar
      sympathetic trunk, and spinal cord segments L2-L5, with the maximum numbers in L3
      and L4. A few labeled somata lay contralaterally or rostral to L2. After labeling
      of only one lumbar splanchnic nerve, the majority of cell bodies were found in
      the labeled segment, but a few were also present up to three segments rostral or
      caudal. These variations could always be attributed to extraspinal connections
      usually via the lumbar sympathetic trunk. Cross-sectional areas of labeled
      afferent somata were small relative to those of the entire population of dorsal
      root ganglion cells. Preganglionic cell bodies were labeled in the intermediate
      gray matter extending from its lateral border ventrolaterally across to the
      central canal. Two regions of high density were observed: one laterally just
      medial to the edge of the white matter and the other lateral to the central
      canal. The dorsolateral group lay somewhat medial and caudal to the usual limits
      of the intermediolateral column. Labeled preganglionic neurons were on the
      average larger than the unlabeled cells in the inferior mesenteric ganglion, with
      the group lying medially being larger than those that were laterally positioned.
      From the data, it is estimated that about 4,600 afferent axons, about 4,600
      preganglionic axons, and about 2,800 postganglionic axons travel in the lumbar
      splanchnic nerves to the inferior mesenteric ganglion of the cat.

PMID- 4044909
TI  - The afferent and sympathetic components of the lumbar spinal outflow to the colon
      and pelvic organs in the cat. III. The colonic nerves, incorporating an analysis
      of all components of the lumbar prevertebral outflow.
AB  - The cell bodies of the lumbar sensory and sympathetic pre- and postganglionic
      neurons that project to the colon along the inferior mesenteric artery of the cat
      have been labeled retrogradely with horseradish peroxidase applied to the central
      end of their cut axons. The numbers, segmental distribution, location, and size
      of these labeled somata have been determined quantitatively. Afferent cell bodies
      were symmetrically distributed bilaterally in dorsal root ganglia T13-L5, with
      the maximum number (about 80%) in L3 and L4 and most of the rest in L2. Labeled
      afferent somata were small relative to the entire population of DRG cells.
      Occasionally a few preganglionic somata were labeled in the intermediate zone of
      L3 and L4 spinal cord segments. Postganglionic cell bodies were labeled
      bilaterally in the proximal lobes of the inferior mesenteric ganglion (70-95%),
      in accessory ganglia of the intermesenteric nerve and of the lumbar splanchnic
      nerves, and in lumbar paravertebral ganglia. The segmental distribution in the
      lumbar sympathetic trunk was symmetrical on both sides and was the same as that
      of the afferent cells. Labeled postganglionic cell bodies in both the IMG and the
      accessory ganglia were larger than labeled and unlabeled ganglion cells in the
      paravertebral ganglia. From these data, it is estimated that about 2,100 afferent
      neurons and about 29,000 postganglionic neurons project in the lumbar colonic
      nerves. In conjunction with equivalent data for the hypogastric and lumbar
      splanchnic nerves, the results provide a quantitative and spatial description of
      the afferent and efferent components of the lumbar innervation of the colon and
      pelvic viscera.

PMID- 4044910
TI  - Topographic and laminar organization of the vagal gustatory system in the
      goldfish, Carassius auratus.
AB  - The large majority of intraoral taste buds in goldfish are located on the gill
      arches and on the palatal organ, a muscular organ situated on the roof of the
      mouth. These taste buds are innervated by branches of the vagus nerve which
      terminate in a laminated vagal lobe, itself being an enlargement of the special
      visceral sensory column of the medulla. The tracer horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
      was used to determine the connectivity of the various branches of the vagus nerve
      that innervate the oropharyngeal gustatory surfaces. The entire oral cavity is
      mapped onto the vagal lobe so that the anterior end of the palatal organ and the
      most anterior gill arch are represented anteriorly in the vagal lobe;
      progressively more posterior oral structures are represented progressively more
      posteriorly in the lobe. The medial part of the palatal organ and the opposing
      gill arch surface, i.e., the ventromedial portion, are represented ventrally in
      the vagal lobe. The dorsolateral portions of the palatal organ and gill arches
      are represented dorsomedially in the vagal lobe. The topographic representation
      of the oral structures is similar for both the motor and sensory systems. In
      addition to this overall topographic organization, the different oropharyngeal
      structures are represented differentially in the layers of the vagal lobe.
      Palatal organ inputs reach layers VI and IX while gill arch inputs terminate in
      layers II, IV, and IX. The overall organization of the vagal lobe suggests a
      highly organized reflex system which is involved in the separation of food from
      substrate, especially during bottom feeding.

PMID- 4044911
TI  - The organization of the diencephalon and the pretectum in the cichlid fish,
      Haplochromis burtoni.
AB  - Although teleost fish comprise the largest vertebrate radiation, surprisingly
      little is known about the structure and development of their central nervous
      systems. Since teleosts are being used much more frequently as model systems in
      neurobiological research, particularly in understanding visual function, detailed
      information is needed about central nervous system structures and
      interconnections. By using the Bodian method with Nissl counterstaining we have
      analyzed the major nuclei in the diencephalon and pretectum of a cichlid fish,
      Haplochromis burtoni, which is dependent on vision for its survival. Although our
      results are broadly comparable with those from other teleost species, there are
      clear differences, particularly among the visual nuclei. By using animals of a
      range of sizes to confirm our descriptions we were able to identify possible
      developmental relationships among several nuclei.

PMID- 4044912
TI  - Sensory neuron growth cones comigrate with posterior lateral line primordial
      cells in zebrafish.
AB  - The development of neuromasts and sensory neurons of the posterior lateral line
      was studied in zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) in order to determine the
      relationship between growing axons of sensory neurons and the migratory cellular
      primordium of midbody line neuromasts. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that
      a primary system of six neuromasts develops during the second day after
      fertilization and evidence is presented that these arise from cells of a
      migratory primordium. The primordium is first detected in the postauditory region
      immediately adjacent to the developing sensory ganglion. Growth cones of
      posterior lateral line sensory neurons are found within the premigratory
      primordium when it is adjacent to the ganglion. At later times growth cones of
      these sensory neurons are found within the primordium as it migrates caudally
      along the midbody line. These results demonstrate that although the growth cones
      of the sensory neurons grow over a considerable distance to their final
      destination, they are never very far from their target cells (or target cell
      precursors), which migrate with them and may even lead them.

PMID- 4044913
TI  - The transient corticospinal projection from the occipital cortex during the
      postnatal development of the rat.
AB  - The transient occipital cortical component of the pyramidal tract which we
      previously had identified during the postnatal development of the rat (Stanfield
      et al., '82) has been studied with anterograde as well as retrograde techniques.
      A continuous band of retrogradely labeled layer V neurons which spans the entire
      cortex including the occipital cortex is seen following injections of the
      fluorescent marker Fast Blue into the pyramidal decussation during the first
      postnatal week. No labeled cells are found in the occipital cortex following
      similar injections made on postnatal day 20 (P20), although such injections label
      many neurons in the more rostral cortical fields. However, if the Fast Blue
      injection is made on P2 and the animal is allowed to survive until P25 a large
      number of Fast Blue-labeled layer V neurons is found in the occipital cortex,
      even though an acute, second injection of the retrograde tracer Nuclear Yellow
      made into the pyramidal decussation shortly before the animal is killed results
      in no occipital cortical labeling. When Fast Blue injections confined to the mid-
      or upper-cervical spinal cord are made on P4 and the animals are killed on P9,
      again many retrogradely labeled neurons are found in the occipital cortex.
      Further, when injections of 3H-proline or wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to
      horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) confined to the occipital cortex are made during
      the first 2 postnatal weeks, anterogradely transported label is seen within the
      pyramidal tract. At all stages examined the amount of such label and its caudal
      extent are less than that seen following similar injections into the parietal or
      frontal cortex. The greatest extent of the labeled occipital cortical fibers is
      reached at about the end of the first postnatal week and the number of these
      fibers seems to peak at about this same time. At this stage many of these labeled
      axons extend for a considerable distance down the spinal cord with some reaching
      as far caudal as lower lumbar levels, and at this stage some of these labeled
      occipital corticospinal fibers enter into the spinal gray. Over the next week the
      number of occipital cortical fibers in the pyramidal tract rapidly decreases and
      by P17 occipital cortical injections of 3H-proline or WGA-HRP result in virtually
      no transported label caudal to the pons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4044914
TI  - The projections of principal cells of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body in
      the cat.
AB  - Previous studies suggest that the principal cells of the medial nucleus of the
      trapezoid body (MNTB) give rise to the projection from MNTB to the lateral
      superior olivary nucleus (LSO) of the same side, where they mediate rapid
      inhibitory effects of contralateral sound stimulation. In the present study, we
      explored certain morphological features of this connection as well as several
      other projections of the MNTB by using anterograde and retrograde axonal tracing
      methods. Following injections of tritiated leucine into MNTB, labeled axons
      reached LSO by passing ventral to, dorsal to, and through the medial superior
      olivary nucleus, and gave rise to labeling around the somata and proximal
      dendrites of LSO fusiform cells. As measured in autoradiograms of 2 micron
      plastic sections, these axons had a modal diameter of 5-6 micron. Terminal
      labeling, tentatively attributed to principal cell axons, was also seen in the
      ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) and the dorsomedial and
      ventromedial periolivary nuclei. HRP injections into the LSO and the VNLL showed
      that the principal cell projected to both of these nuclei and revealed a
      topographic arrangement of the projection to the LSO which is consistent with
      tonotopic maps determined electrophysiologically. Control HRP injections
      demonstrated that other minor projections of the MNTB arose from minor cell
      populations in this nucleus. The findings provide a morphological correlate of
      certain physiological findings and suggest a wider role for the MNTB in the
      ascending auditory system than previously has been supposed.

PMID- 4044915
TI  - The neuronal composition of area 17 of rat visual cortex. III. Numerical
      considerations.
AB  - The neuronal population of area 17 of rat visual cortex has been examined by
      using tissue from brains fixed by perfusion. The tissue was osmicated and
      embedded in plastic so that the same neurons could be examined by both light and
      electron microscopy. In these preparations area 17 was 1.49 mm thick and by
      stereological procedures it was calculated that there are about 120,000 neurons
      beneath 1 mm2 of cortical surface. If one assumes area 17 in each hemisphere of
      the rat to occupy between 7.1 and 9.4 mm2 of cortical surface, then in each
      hemisphere the area contains between 850,000 and 1,128,000 neurons. Of these
      neurons 85% are pyramidal cells and 15% are nonpyramidal cells. About one-third
      of the nonpyramidal cells occur in layers I and VIb, both of which contain only
      this kind of neuron. The remaining two-thirds of the nonpyramidal cells are in
      layers II-VIa. Within these layers it has been possible to differentiate bipolar
      cells from other types of nonpyramidal cells and in each of these two
      nonpyramidal cell groups to recognize both small and large neurons. The greatest
      concentration of nonpyramidal cells occurs in layer II/III. To confirm the
      validity of the stereologically derived data direct counts were made of the
      medium and large pyramidal cells in layer V.

PMID- 4044916
TI  - Dendrite distribution of identified motoneurons in the lumbar spinal cord of the
      turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans.
AB  - Motoneurons in the turtle lumbar spinal cord were injected with HRP by
      electrophoresis after being electrophysiologically identified as innervating a
      muscle belonging to a functional group. The distribution of dendrites was studied
      in transverse reconstructions of 45 motoneurons, including 11 motoneurons
      identified as innervating knee extensor muscles, eight motoneurons innervating
      hip retractor and knee flexor muscles, 14 motoneurons innervating ankle and/or
      toe extensors and 12 motoneurons innervating ankle and/or toe flexor muscles. The
      dorsal dendritic tree of motoneurons innervating distally positioned musculature
      (ankle and/or toe extensors and flexors) was observed to contain significantly
      less terminal dendritic branches compared to the dorsal dendritic trees of
      motoneurons innervating proximally situated (hip and knee) muscles. The
      distribution of dendrites within the white matter was studied by measuring the
      total projected length of the dendritic branches within empirically defined
      sectors in the transverse plane. This kind of analysis also revealed differences
      between the dorsal dendrites of motoneurons innervating distally and proximally
      positioned muscles conforming to the counts of terminal dendritic branches. It is
      suggested that these apparent differences in the size of the dorsal dendrite may
      be related to the number of synapses made by primary afferents. In the white
      matter, the highest dendritic density for all four groups of mononeurons was
      found within the central part of the lateral funiculus. However, only in the
      ventral funiculus could slight indications be found that the dendritic density of
      functionally different motoneuron groups may bear some relation to the locations
      of the terminations of the descending pathways known to establish monosynaptic
      contacts with lumbar mononeurons.

PMID- 4044917
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase within the rat
      neostriatum: a correlated light and electron microscopic study of cholinergic
      neurons and synapses.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were used in an
      immunocytochemical study to characterize putative cholinergic neurons and
      synaptic junctions in rat caudate-putamen. Light microscopy (LM) revealed that
      ChAT-positive neurons are distributed throughout the striatum. These cells have
      large oval or multipolar somata, and exhibit three to four primary dendrites that
      branch and extend long distances. Quantitative analysis of counterstained
      preparations indicated that ChAT-positive neurons constitute 1.7% of the total
      neuronal population. Electron microscopy (EM) of immunoreactive neurons initially
      studied by LM revealed somata characterized by deeply invaginated nuclei and by
      abundant amounts of organelle-rich cytoplasm. Surfaces of ChAT-positive neurons
      are frequently smooth, but occasional somatic protrusions and dendritic spines
      occur. Although infrequently observed, axons of ChAT-positive neurons branch,
      receive synapses, and become myelinated. Unlabeled boutons make both symmetrical
      and asymmetrical synapses with ChAT-positive somata and proximal dendrites, but
      are more numerous on distal dendrites. In addition, some unlabeled terminals form
      asymmetrical synapses with ChAT-positive somata and dendrites that are
      distinguished by prominent subsynaptic dense bodies. Light microscopy
      demonstrated a dense distribution of ChAT-positive fibers and punctate structures
      in the striatum, and these structures appear to correlate, respectively, with
      labeled preterminal axons and presynaptic boutons identified by EM. ChAT-positive
      boutons contain pleomorphic vesicles, and make symmetrical synapses primarily
      with unlabeled dendritic shafts. Furthermore, they establish synaptic contacts
      with somata, dendrites and axon initial segments of unlabeled neurons that
      ultrastructurally resemble medium spiny neurons. These observations, together
      with the results of other investigations, suggest that medium spiny GABAergic
      projection neurons receive a cholinergic innervation that is probably derived
      from ChAT-positive striatal cells. The results of this study also indicate that
      cholinergic neurons within caudate-putamen belong to a single population of cells
      that have large somata and extensive sparsely spined dendrites. Such neurons, in
      combination with dense concentrations of ChAT-positive fibers and terminals, are
      the likely basis for the large amounts of ChAT and acetylcholine detected
      biochemically within the neostriatum.

PMID- 4044918
TI  - Projections of the entorhinal area to the striatum, nucleus accumbens, and
      cerebral cortex in the guinea pig.
AB  - A study of the efferent projections of the entorhinal area in the guinea pig, by
      using anterograde (autoradiographic tracing of tritiated amino acids) and
      retrograde (fluorochrome tracing) methods, revealed the following projections:
      (1) to nonhippocampal cortices: retrosplenial cortex (area 29), cingulate cortex
      (areas 23, 24), prelimbic cortex (area 32), infralimbic cortex (area 25),
      perirhinal cortex (areas 35, 36), prepyriform cortex (area 51B), and insular
      cortex (areas 13-16). All received direct projection; (2) to subcortical targets:
      distinct terminations were observed in the lateral thalamic nucleus, the
      striatum, and the accumbens nucleus. In retrograde experiments, the cells giving
      rise to the projections to the hippocampus were found to lie in layers II and
      III, those projecting to the nonhippocampal cortical regions to originate in
      layer IV, and those projecting to the striatum and the accumbens to lie in layers
      V and VI. Many of the efferent projections to the cerebral cortical regions are
      associated with reciprocal projections from these regions to the superficial
      layers (I-III) of the entorhinal cortex. The entorhinal efferent projections
      generally terminate ipsilaterally. A weak termination is, however, present at the
      contralateral side. The efferent projections of the entorhinal area represent a
      route for important caudally directed, nonfornical hippocampal output.

PMID- 4044919
TI  - Subclassification of neurons in the subthalamic nucleus of the lesser bushbaby
      (Galago senegalensis): a quantitative Golgi study using principal components
      analysis.
AB  - The morphology of neurons in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of the lesser bushbaby
      (Galago senegalensis) is described in coronal brain sections processed by Golgi-
      and Nissl-staining techniques. Quantitative and statistical methods are used to
      evaluate (1) soma size and shape, (2) dendritic field size, shape, and branch
      frequency, (3) the number of dendritic and somatic spines per neuron, and (4)
      neuron location within the STN. Principal components analysis of these variables
      suggests that three classes of neurons are present. Two of these classes are
      considered to be projection cells, referred to as elongate-fusiform and radiate
      neurons, respectively. Elongatefusiform neurons have somata and dendritic fields
      which are large in diameter, extremely fusiform in shape, and give rise to few
      appendages. Somata and dendritic fields of radiate neurons are smaller in
      diameter, more rounded in shape, and support more spines than the elongate
      fusiform neurons. The third class of cells in Galago STN is tentatively
      identified as consisting of interneurons on the basis of small soma and dendritic
      field size, thin and varicose dendritic morphology, and the presence of
      multilobulated dendritic appendages.

PMID- 4044920
TI  - The very distal part of the basilar papilla in the chicken: a morphological
      approach.
AB  - The very distal part of the chicken basilar papilla was investigated by light and
      electron (scanning and transmission) microscopy. The rostral tip of the basilar
      papilla has a lenticular area with atypical sensory hair cells which are more
      similar to vestibular than to auditory cells. The structure of the lenticular
      area appears to be suitable for vestibular function or, more likely, for auditory
      perception at very low frequencies. Several hypotheses can be proposed to explain
      this very peculiar portion of the avian cochlea. It is difficult to consider it a
      continuously growing area since it remains stable in adulthood. A better
      explanation would be that there is an incomplete ontogenetic or phylogenetic
      process.

PMID- 4044921
TI  - Unmyelinated primary afferent fibers in dorsal funiculi of cat sacral spinal
      cord.
AB  - The present study tests the hypothesis that there are numerous unmyelinated
      primary afferent fibers in cat posterior funiculi. The animals have unilateral
      dorsal rhizotomies from L6 to Ca3. One week later the axons of both S2 dorsal
      funiculi are counted. The data indicate that there are approximately 22,500
      myelinated and 8,500 unmyelinated axons on the unoperated side and 11,000
      myelinated and 3,900 unmyelinated axons on the operated side. On this basis, we
      suggest that 51% of the myelinated and 54% of the unmyelinated axons in cat
      dorsal funiculi arise from dorsal root ganglion cells and thus are primary
      afferent axons. If this is correct, then 71% of the primary afferent axons in the
      cat dorsal funiculus are myelinated and 29% are unmyelinated. The function of
      this large group of previously unsuspected fine sensory axons remains to be
      determined.

PMID- 4044922
TI  - Afferent influences on brain stem auditory nuclei of the chicken: effects of
      conductive and sensorineural hearing loss on n. magnocellularis.
AB  - Nucleus magnocellularis is the avian homologue of the spherical cell region of
      the mammalian anteroventral cochlear nucleus. Its primary excitatory synaptic
      input is from large end bulbs of Held from the eighth nerve ganglion cells. We
      have examined the effects of three peripheral manipulations--middle ear ossicle
      (columella) removal (monaural and binaural), columella removal and oval window
      puncture (monaural), and monaural earplug--on cross-sectional cell area ("cell
      size") of second-order auditory neurons in n. magnocellularis of the chicken.
      Manipulations were performed between embryonic day 19 and posthatch day 4.
      Survival time was varied from 2 to 60 days. Air conduction and bone conduction
      thresholds were determined to assess for conductive and sensorineural hearing
      loss associated with each of these manipulations. Hair cell counts were made from
      basilar papillae of each experimental group. We found that a columella removal
      alone, which produced a 50-55-dB purely conductive hearing loss, was not
      associated with changes in cell size of n. magnocellularis neurons. Similarly,
      chronic monaural earplugging did not affect the cross-sectional area of these
      second-order auditory neurons. Conversely, a combined columella removal and oval
      window puncture, which produced a mixed hearing loss with a 15-40-dB
      sensorineural component was associated with an 18-20% reduction in n.
      magnocellularis cell area. Hair cell counts for experimental ears were not
      significantly different from control ears. These results, in conjunction with
      measurements of multiunit activity recorded in n. magnocellularis, suggest that
      manipulations which markedly attenuate extrinsic auditory stimulation, but do not
      result in chronic change in the average activity levels, also do not influence
      the size of n. magnocellularis cell bodies. On the other hand, a manipulation
      which influences overall activity levels, but does not result in degeneration of
      receptor cells, resulted in marked changes in n. magnocellularis cell size.

PMID- 4044923
TI  - A correlation between receptive field properties and morphological structures in
      the pretectum of the cat.
AB  - Retinal terminals in the pretectum were labelled by anterograde axonal transport
      of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) after injecting the enzyme into one eye.
      Pretectal neurons were retrogradely labelled by HRP-injections into the dorsal
      cap of the inferior olive. Electrophysiological recordings were performed in the
      same animal. This procedure showed that direction-selective neurons in the
      nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) projecting to the dorsal cap of the inferior
      olive lie dorsal and lateral to the retinal terminal clusters. Direction
      unselective neurons sensitive to high stimulus velocities (jerk-neurons) were
      localized within the areas of retinal terminal clusters. Both jerk-neurons and
      retinal terminal clusters never overlapped with retrogradely labelled neurons.
      Latency measurements to stimulation of the optic chiasm (OX) confirmed a
      monosynaptic W-cell projection to the direction-selective NOT cells and indicated
      a predominantly monosynaptic Y-cell projection to the jerk-neurons.

PMID- 4044924
TI  - Morphological features of lamina V neurons receiving nociceptive input in cat
      sacrocaudal spinal cord.
AB  - Thirty-six neurons from laminae III-VII in cat sacrocaudal spinal cord were
      labeled by intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase, following
      physiological characterization. Of these 36 neurons, 24 had cell bodies within
      lamina V. Twelve lamina V neurons were multireceptive; i.e., they responded
      differentially to innocuous and noxious mechanical stimuli. Most multireceptive
      neurons had the following morphological features: (1) large cell bodies; (2)
      extensive dendritic spreads in all directions; and (3) axons which ascended in
      the contralateral ventral white matter. Three labeled lamina V neurons were
      activated only by noxious stimuli. Compared to the multireceptive neurons, these
      nociceptive-specific (NS) units had smaller cell bodies but a similar dendritic
      spread. Seven lamina V neurons were excited by innocuous mechanical stimuli with
      no evidence of nociceptive input. These seven neurons had less extensive
      dendritic trees than the multireceptive and the NS neurons. Six neurons labeled
      in lamina VII (three multireceptive and three NS) contrasted to most lamina V
      cells by having smaller cell bodies and short, sparsely branched dendrites. Among
      the lamina VII neurons, there was no obvious morphological feature that
      distinguished the multireceptive group from the NS group. Fifteen fully stained
      neurons from laminae III-VII had late discharges which were correlated with C
      fiber input. The dendrites of three of these neurons extended into laminae II and
      I; the dendrites of two neurons reached into the inner portion of lamina II; and
      the dorsal dendrites of the remaining ten neurons extended no further than the
      nucleus proprius (laminae III and IV). Thus, deeper dorsal horn neurons evincing
      reliable, excitatory influences from C fibers do not necessarily have
      superficially situated dendrites. Tests for correlations between size of
      cutaneous, excitatory receptive field (RF) and dendritic spread revealed a
      significant positive correlation between the mediolateral extent of dendritic
      spread and the size of the low-threshold component of the RF for lamina V
      neurons.

PMID- 4044925
TI  - Morphology of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the thoracic spinal cord of
      the cat: an intracellular horseradish peroxidase study.
AB  - Horseradish peroxidase was intracellularly injected into sympathetic
      preganglionic neurons (SPN) of the third thoracic segment in cats. Seven neurons
      were reconstructed from serial horizontal or parasagittal sections of the spinal
      cord. The cell bodies of all neurons were located in the n. intermediolateralis
      pars principalis (ILp). They were spindle-shaped with the long axis in
      craniocaudal direction or large and multipolar or small and oval in shape.
      Preferentially on the cranial and caudal pole of the cell body, five to eight
      primary dendrites arose from the cell body. Dendritic branches were traced to
      their terminations at distances up to 1,330 microns from the cell body. The
      dendritic fields of all SPNs were strictly oriented in the longitudinal direction
      with a total length of 1,500-2,540 microns. The cranial and caudal dendritic
      fields were about equal in length but, with one exception, the degree of
      branching was always greater in the cranial than in the caudal dendritic field.
      The dendritic fields of all SPNs were primarily restricted to the ILp. In the
      mediolateral direction it extended from 130 to 360 microns and in the
      dorsoventral direction from 50 to 180 microns. Only rarely, a higher-order
      dendrite left the boundaries of the ILp and projected dorsolaterally or laterally
      into the white matter or ventromedially or medially into the adjacent n.
      intercalatus. All dendrites showed various forms of spines. At a distance of 132
      437 microns from the cell body the axon arose as a direct extension of a process
      which closely resembled a primary or second-order dendrite. The axons projected
      ventrally and mostly caudally along the lateral border of the gray matter until
      they turned laterally at the end of the ventral horn. No axon collaterals were
      observed.

PMID- 4044926
TI  - NADPH diaphorase cells in the mammalian inner retina.
AB  - The distribution of the enzyme NADPH diaphorase was examined histochemically in
      the retina of the rat, rabbit, cat, owl monkey, squirrel monkey, rhesus macaque,
      and human being. In all species tested the enzyme was concentrated in cells 10-12
      microns in diameter at the vitread margin of the inner nuclear layer. The
      population was sparse (less than 2,000 cells/rat retina). In several species
      additional minor populations were observed. While a clear function for NADPH
      diaphorase has yet to be described, an abundance of the enzyme characterizes a
      similar subpopulation of retinal cells in a wide variety of mammals.

PMID- 4044927
TI  - Organization and postnatal development of callosal connections in the visual
      cortex of the rat.
AB  - The distribution of callosal cells and terminals was studied in the posterior
      neocortex of pups whose ages ranged from 3 to 16 days and in adult rats 2 months
      of age or older. Callosal cells and terminations were revealed using retrograde
      (horseradish peroxidase) and anterograde (horseradish peroxidase; tritiated
      proline) tracing techniques, respectively, and the distribution of callosal
      connections was analyzed in tangential or coronal histological sections. In
      agreement with previous studies, we observed that the pattern of callosal
      connections in areas 17 and 18 of adult rats contains the following features: (1)
      a dense band of callosal cells and terminations separating the interiors of areas
      17 and 18a, (2) a ringlike configuration anterolateral to area 17, (3) a region
      of dense labeling lateral to area 18a, (4) several narrow bands of labeling that
      bridge area 18a at different anteroposterior levels, and (5) one or more labeled
      regions in area 18b. In all these callosal regions, labeled cells and
      terminations are densely aggregated in layers II-III, Va, and Vc-VIa, and less
      densely in layer IV and the remaining portions of layers V and VI. High densities
      of isotope-labeled fibers are also observed in the lower half of layer I.
      Throughout the interiors of areas 17 and 18a, a significant number of labeled
      cells are observed in layers Vc-VIa. In contrast to adult rats, in neonates no
      distinct tangential pattern of callosal connections is apparent. Instead, labeled
      cells are densely aggregated in two continuous horizontal bands located in
      cortical layers Va and Vc-VIa, and callosal axons are largely restricted to white
      matter. During the first 2 postnatal weeks there is a progressive loss of
      callosal cells in regions that normally have few callosal cells in the adult
      (e.g., interiors of areas 17 and 18a) and an increase in the number of cells in
      layers II-IV in regions that are densely callosal in the adult (e.g., callosal
      regions at the 17/18a border, lateral border of area 18a, and in area 18b). The
      decrease in the number of callosal cells in the interiors of areas 17 and 18a is
      more severe in the upper than in the lower band of the immature labeling pattern,
      and our data from tangential sections indicate that this loss of callosal neurons
      occurs synchronously across the interiors of these areas. During this period
      there is also a localized invasion of labeled callosal axons into those regions
      of gray matter where they will be found in adult life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 4044928
TI  - Topography of the goldfish optic tracts: implications for the chronological
      clustering model.
AB  - Both the dorsal and ventral optic tracts of goldfish have similar shapes when
      they are sectioned perpendicularly to their longitudinal axes. Each tract is pear
      shaped, consisting of a narrow and a deep apex, a wide midspan, and a
      progressively curved and tapered superficial base. The tracts differ in that the
      apex of the dorsal optic tract points caudally, while the apex of the ventral
      optic tract points medially. In addition, upon segregating from the main optic
      tract, the dorsal optic tract courses dorsally while the ventral optic tract
      courses caudally. Thus, the two optic tracts have similar shapes and are
      orthongonal to one another. The topography of the retinal fibers within the optic
      tracts was determined either by ablating part of the retina and subsequently
      filling the axons from the intact hemiretina with cobaltous-lysine or by applying
      cobaltous-lysine to a slit in the retina. Both optic tracts contain a similar
      arrangement of optic fibers. Axons of central retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are
      in the apex of each tract and optic fibers of peripheral RGCs are located along
      the base of each tract. Axons of temporal RGCs are located dorsally in the
      ventral optic tract and laterally in the dorsal optic tract, while axons of nasal
      RGCs are located ventrally in the ventral optic tract and medially in the dorsal
      optic tract. These findings indicate that the optic axons are organized as
      laminae. Deeper laminae contain the axons of older annuli of RGCs and superficial
      laminae contain the axons of younger annuli of RGCs. This type of chronological
      organization appears to be consistent across vertebrates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4044929
TI  - Population dynamics of adult-formed granule neurons of the rat olfactory bulb.
AB  - The population dynamics of internal granule cells in the rat olfactory bulb
      during adult life were analyzed in histological sections and in autoradiograms
      with (1) counts of granule cells, (2) counts of labeled granule cells 1 month
      after injection of 3H-thymidine at various ages, and (3) counts of labeled
      granule cells at varying survival times (up to 18 months) after injection at 3
      months and 24 months. The total number of granule cells increases linearly
      throughout life, approximately doubling between 3 and 31 months. Autoradiographic
      studies show that the rate of production of new granule cells decreases from 3 to
      12 months and then is approximately constant during the rest of the life span.
      The number of labeled cells found 6 months after injection at 3 and 24 months is
      about one-fourth and one-half, respectively, that of the number at a 1-month
      survival, suggesting that many of the cells produced to do not survive. However,
      at least some granule cells labeled at 3 months survive for 18 months. A model is
      suggested in which granule cells are produced continuously throughout life and
      control of the total number of granule cells is effected chiefly through the rate
      of cell death.

PMID- 4044930
TI  - Topography of regenerating optic fibers in goldfish traced with local wheat germ
      injections into retina: evidence for discontinuous microtopography in the
      retinotectal projection.
AB  - A small injection of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase
      (WGA-HRP) was injected into dorsal or ventral peripheral retina in normal
      goldfish and in goldfish with prior optic nerve crush. Serial sections of tectum
      were subsequently taken for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) histochemistry 18 hours
      after injection and studied with light microscopy and densitometric
      reconstructions. In normals, a small, sharply delineated patch of product 200-300
      microns wide was observed at the appropriate medial or lateral periphery of
      tectum. This product filled the entire SFGS, the main optic termination layer,
      and fell off abruptly at its edges. No labelling was detected in the optic
      pathways. In regenerates at about 20 days after nerve crush, these retinal
      injections yielded product that was dispersed across 1,000 microns or more of
      tectum but not in a uniform fashion. The densest product was biased toward the
      appropriate tectal position while product of intermediate density was mainly
      distributed along a path from the anterior end of tectum to this region. Product
      in the inappropriate half of tectum was much lighter and typically fiberlike in
      appearance. By about 40 days, product had condensed considerably at roughly the
      correct region of tectum but it was not as sharply delimited as in normals. Dense
      label occupied a single area about twice that of normals and exhibited flanking
      regions of light label extending for several hundred micrometers. At 59-148 days,
      a further condensation was observed but into more than one patch of product. The
      patches were of variable size and consisted of sharply delimited dense product
      which filled the entire SFGS at each position. Morphologically, these patches
      bore a remarkable resemblance to the ocular dominance columns previously seen in
      this system.

PMID- 4044931
TI  - A quantitative analysis of the geometry of cat motoneurons innervating neck and
      shoulder muscles.
AB  - The geometry of the somata and dendritic trees of motoneurons innervating neck
      and shoulder muscles was investigated by using intracellular injections of HRP.
      In general, these motoneurons did not belong to a homogeneous population of
      motoneurons. Differences in average primary dendritic diameter, number of primary
      dendrites, and other measures of dendritic tree size were found between different
      neck and shoulder motoneuron groups. Several indices of proximal dendritic tree
      size (number of primary dendrites, sum of dendritic diameters, Rall's dendritic
      trunk parameter, and the sum of dendritic holes) were weakly correlated with the
      diameter or surface area of the soma. Some of these correlations depended on the
      muscle supplied by the motoneuron. The total combined dendritic length ranged
      from 66,660 to 95,390 microns. There was a weak, but positive, correlation
      between the diameter of primary dendrites and combined dendritic length. This
      relationship varied from motoneuron to motoneuron. The diameters of all dendrites
      of three trapezius motoneurons were examined in detail. The total dendritic
      surface area examined ranged from 415,000 to 488,100 microns 2 and represented
      approximately 99% of the total neuronal surface area. Last-order dendrites showed
      a high degree (39.9%) of taper. Dendritic tapering, by itself, was a major factor
      in the decrease of the (sum of dendritic diameters)3/2 measured at progressively
      distal sites from the soma. Although few parent and daughter dendrites obeyed the
      "three-halves law," the average exponent was 1.57. The diameters of primary
      dendrites and dendritic surface area were weakly correlated. The correlation
      between dendritic diameter and combined dendritic length or surface area improved
      if the weighted average of the diameter of second-order dendrites was used as a
      measure of dendrite size. Second-order dendrites, whose branches terminated in
      different regions of the spinal cord, showed different relationships between
      dendritic diameter and combined dendritic length or surface area. Comparisons
      between the motoneurons examined in the present study and motoneurons innervating
      other muscles indicate that, although all spinal motoneurons share several common
      features (e.g., long dendrites, dendritic tapering), each motoneuron group has a
      set of unique features (e.g., soma shape, relationship between primary dendrite
      diameter and dendritic surface area). Thus, the rules governing motoneuron
      dendritic geometry are not fixed but depend on the species of the motoneuron.

PMID- 4044932
TI  - Observations on the afferent and efferent organization of the vagus nerve and the
      innervation of the stomach in the squirrel monkey.
AB  - Horseradish peroxidase was injected into the cervical vagus nerve or stomach wall
      of adult squirrel monkeys. Following cervical vagus nerve injections, labelled
      afferent fibres were present in the tractus solitarius and labelled fibres and
      terminals were present in medial and lateral parts of the nucleus of the tractus
      solitarius (NTS) ipsilaterally. Afferent labelling was also seen in the
      ipsilateral commissural nucleus and in the area postrema. Labelling was present
      contralaterally in caudal levels of the medial parts of the NTS, in the
      commissural nucleus, and in the area postrema. Afferent projections to the
      ipsilateral pars interpolaris of the spinal trigeminal nucleus and to the
      substantia gelatinosa of the C1 segment of the spinal cord were also labelled.
      Following injections of HRP into the anterior and posterior stomach walls, the
      tractus solitarius was labelled bilaterally. Afferent labelling was concentrated
      bilaterally in the dorsal parts of the medial division of the NTS, i.e., in the
      subnucleus gelatinosus, and in the commissural nucleus. The regions of NTS
      immediately adjacent to the tractus solitarius were largely unlabelled.
      Injections of HRP into the cervical vagus nerve resulted in heavy retrograde
      labelling of neurons in the ipsilateral dorsal nucleus of the vagus (DMX) and in
      the nucleus ambiguus (NA). In addition a few neurones were labelled in the
      intermediate zone between these two nuclei. Retrogradely labelled neurons were
      also present in the nucleus dorsomedialis in the rostral cervical spinal cord and
      in the spinal nucleus of the accessory nerve. Injections of HRP into the left
      cricothyroid muscle in two cases resulted in heavy retrograde labelling of large
      neurons in the left NA. Following stomach wall injections of HRP retrograde
      labelling of neurons was seen throughout the rostrocaudal and mediolateral extent
      of the DMX; there was no apparent topographical organization of the projection.
      In these cases, a group of labelled smaller neurons was found lying ventrolateral
      to the main part of the NA through its rostral levels. This study in a primate
      indicates that a large vagal afferent projection originates in the stomach wall
      and terminates primarily in the subnucleus gelatinosus of the NTS and in the
      commissural nucleus with a distribution similar to that described previously in
      studies in several subprimate mammalian species. The present results and those of
      other studies suggest some degree of segregation of visceral input within
      different subnuclei of the NTS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4044933
TI  - A correlated light and electron microscopic study of identified cholinergic basal
      forebrain neurons that project to the cortex in the rat.
AB  - Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain which project to the frontal cortex
      were studied by combining the retrograde transport of a conjugate of horseradish
      peroxidase and wheat germ agglutinin with choline acetyltransferase
      immunohistochemistry. Neurons that were both retrogradely labelled and
      immunoreactive were found on the medial, lateral, and ventral borders of the
      globus pallidus, within the globus pallidus, as well as in the substantia
      innominata and ventral pallidum region. The cell bodies averaged 31 by 19 micron
      in size and had sparsely branching dendrites. Cells which were labelled by both
      techniques were first characterised in the light microscope and then studied in
      the electron microscope. The perikarya had large amounts of cytoplasm with
      abundant organelles. The nuclei were indented, were usually eccentrically placed,
      and contained prominent nucleoli. The synaptic input onto the cell bodies and
      their dendrites was studied in serial sections. The synaptic input onto the
      perikarya and proximal dendrites was sparse but the density increased on more
      distal regions of the dendrites. Subjunctional bodies were associated with the
      postsynaptic membrane in 20-30% of the synaptic contacts and these were
      classified as asymmetrical; the remaining contacts could not be classified
      because of an association of the immunoreaction product with the postsynaptic
      membrane. The synaptic input to these cells was distinctly different from that
      onto typical globus pallidus cells, the perikarya and dendrites of which were
      characteristically ensheathed in synaptic boutons.

PMID- 4044934
TI  - The distribution of hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic vasotocinergic cells and
      fibers in the brain of a lizard, Gekko gecko: presence of a sex difference.
AB  - The distribution of vasotocin in the brain of the lizard Gekko gecko was studied
      with immunocytochemical methods. Vasotocinergic cells were found in the nucleus
      supraopticus, the nucleus paraventricularis, the bed nucleus of the stria
      terminalis, and in the rhombencephalon. Vasotocinergic fibers were found in the
      preoptic area, the lateral and ventral hypothalamus, and in many
      extrahypothalamic brain areas. Furthermore, evidence was obtained of a
      conspicuous sex difference with regard to vasotocinergic innervation of the
      lateral septum, the ventrocaudal telencephalon (nucleus sphericus), and the
      periaqueductal gray; in these areas vastocinergic innervation is much denser in
      males than in females. The results are discussed in relation to the sexually
      dimorphic vasopressinergic innervation of the rat brain. It is suggested that the
      vasotocinergic fiber system in the sexually dimorphic brain areas in Gekko gecko
      is related to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.

PMID- 4044935
TI  - Development of the spinal-medullary projection from the mouse barrel field.
AB  - Neurons in layer V of the murine posteromedial barrel subfield (PMBSF) project to
      structures at or caudal to the spinal-medullary junction. During postnatal
      development a reduction occurs in the density of the neurons which form this
      projection. In principle, three processes might be expected to contribute to this
      reduction: cell death, tissue growth, and axon pruning. Three different paradigms
      in which cells of origin of the projection are labeled retrogradely with True
      Blue, injected into the spinal-medullary junction, taken together with an
      estimate of the relative growth of layer V, provide separate estimates of the
      magnitude and rate of reduction consequent to these different processes during
      the first 3 postnatal weeks. The density of neurons in an index sector of layer V
      of the PMBSF which contribute to the projection at varied ages is estimated by
      injections made at a range of ages from postnatal day 1 (P1) to P16, with a
      survival of 4 days in each instance. Overall reduction in density is 80%. The
      component due primarily to axon pruning is estimated to be 50% by injections
      delivered at graded ages from P1 to P16 with survival to P20 in each instance.
      The component of the reduction attributable to increase in volume is estimated at
      30% by a series of injections delivered at P1 with graded survival times from P5
      through P20. A reduction due to cell death is not identified. The reduction in
      density due to tissue growth is essentially linear through the interval P5-P11.
      At all ages, neuronal somata of origin of the spinal-medullary projection are
      located within layer V. Subsequent to P15 they are confined to sublayer Vb; at
      earlier ages somata in Va and Vc also contribute axons to the projection.
      Although volume increase due to growth of the neuropil reduces the density of the
      population contributing to the projection equally in all three sublayers, final
      elimination of all contributions from Va and Vc depends upon axon pruning.

PMID- 4044936
TI  - Spinal projections to the lateral reticular nucleus in the rat: a retrograde
      labelling study using horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - The organization of the spinal projection to the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN)
      in the rat was investigated by means of a retrograde pathway tracing method in
      which horseradish peroxidase (HRP) served as an enzyme marker. Discrete
      placements of HRP into the LRN were achieved by a combination of dorsal
      (stereotaxic) and ventral (microsurgical) approaches. The extent and distribution
      of retrogradely labelled neurons in the spinal cord indicated a substantial and
      highly ordered projection to the LRN. All segments of the spinal cord contributed
      to the projection to the LRN. The limb enlargements were the riches sources of
      projection. The projection from the cervical spinal cord was bilateral with
      ipsilateral preponderance. The cervical neurons projecting to the ipsilateral LRN
      were located mainly in lamina VII of the spinal cord, while those projecting to
      the contralateral LRN were located mainly in lamina VIII. The lumbar spinal
      projection terminated in the contralateral LRN, and the neurons of the origin
      were located mainly in lamina VIII. Most if not all parts of the LRN received
      afferents from the spinal cord. The projections terminated most abundantly in the
      caudomedial portions of the magnocellular LRN. The medial aspect of the LRN was
      the site of preferential termination of the cervical spinal projection. Lumbar
      spinal projections terminated preferentially in the rostrolateral region of the
      nucleus. These two imputs overlap in the central region of the nucleus.

PMID- 4044937
TI  - Development of the trochlear nucleus in quail and comparative study of the
      trochlear nucleus, nerve, and innervation of the superior oblique muscle in
      quail, chick, and duck.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to examine the development of the trochlear
      nucleus in quail and to compare the mature trochlear nucleus, nerve, and their
      sole target of innervation, the superior oblique muscle, in quail, chick, and
      duck. Study of the trochlear nucleus in quail from embryonic day 5 through
      hatching shows a maximum of 1,248 neurons on embryonic day 10 followed by
      spontaneous degeneration of 40% of the neurons between days 10 and 16. Previous
      studies have shown that although the initial and final number of neurons is
      different in chick and duck, the magnitude of trochlear cell loss in both species
      is about 40%. This study shows the average number of neurons in the nucleus of
      quail, chick, and duck, 2 weeks post-hatching, to be 658, 743 and 1,459,
      respectively. Fiber counts in the trochlear nerve from electron micrograph
      montages at the same period indicated a ratio of about 1:1 between neurons and
      axons. While a majority of the fibers in these nerves are myelinated, an average
      of 3-6% of the fibers are unmyelinated. The nucleus in the quail not only
      contains the smallest number of neurons but it also innervates the smallest
      muscle in terms of total number of muscle cells and endplates. However, the
      opposite relationship does not hold true. The nucleus in duck contains the
      largest number of neurons, yet the largest number of muscle cells and endplates
      were found in the chick. The ratios between the neurons and muscle cells as well
      as between neurons and endplates are about the same in quail and duck. These
      ratios are much higher in the chick, reflecting the relatively small neuron pool
      destined for a relatively large target. In spite of variations in the number of
      neurons, muscle fibers, and endplates the average number of endplates per muscle
      fiber is relatively constant among the three species.

PMID- 4044938
TI  - Cholinergic innervation of the rat hippocampus as revealed by choline
      acetyltransferase immunocytochemistry: a combined light and electron microscopic
      study.
AB  - The cholinergic innervation of the rat hippocampus proper and fascia dentata was
      investigated by using a monoclonal antibody against choline acetyltransferase
      (ChAT). At the light microscopic level, thin varicose ChAT-immunoreactive fibers
      were observed mainly in the vicinity of the pyramidal and granular layers where
      they formed a fine network around proximal dendrites of pyramidal and granule
      cells. In addition, many ChAT-immuno-reactive fibers were found in the hilar
      region and in stratum oriens, radiatum, and lacunosum-moleculare of all
      hippocampal sectors. Electron microscopic analysis revealed ChAT immunoreactivity
      in thin unmyelinated varicose axons and terminals which established synaptic
      contacts. Asymmetric contacts of ChAT-immunoreactive terminals were found on
      small spines in the dendritic layers of the hippocampus proper and in the
      molecular layer of the fascia dentata. Symmetric synaptic contacts were formed on
      the cell bodies of pyramidal and granule cells. Both symmetric and asymmetric
      synaptic contacts occurred on dendritic shafts. The analysis of serial thin
      sections, which allows identification of postsynaptic elements, suggests that
      pyramidal cells, granule cells, and nonpyramidal neurons of the hippocampus
      receive a cholinergic input.

PMID- 4044939
TI  - Axonal projections from transplanted ectopic legs in an insect.
AB  - Ectopic legs were produced in the fleshfly Sarcophaga bullata by transplantation
      of leg imaginal discs. Cobalt or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) fills from these
      supernumerary legs showed that their sensory axons invariably innervate the
      metathoracic leg neuropil via an abdominal nerve. This was so irrespective of
      whether they differentiated from pro-, meso-, or metathoracic leg disc.
      Implantation of left leg discs on the right side and vice versa revealed that the
      site of implantation determined which side (left or right) of the ganglion was
      innervated. In general, the same results were obtained when the implantation was
      made after removal of a leg disc from the host, except in a few instances in
      which the implanted leg directly innervated the deafferented leg neuropil. The
      results indicate that axonal pathfinding from the imaginal discs in this insect
      is via contact guidance along preexisting nerves or imaginal disc stalks.

PMID- 4044940
TI  - Dendritic arbors and dendritic excrescences of abnormally positioned neurons in
      area CA3c of mice carrying the mutation "hippocampal lamination defect".
AB  - BALB/cJ and BALB/cByJ mice are homozygous for the autosomal gene "hippocampal
      lamination defect" (provisional gene symbol: Hld) which produces an abnormality
      in the lamination of the pyramidal cell layer of area CA3c of the hippocampus
      such that early-generated neurons are superficial and late-generated neurons are
      deep. Other inbred strains of mice are wild-type (+/+) at the Hld locus and do
      not have this inversion in cell position in area CA3c. The Golgi method was used
      to analyze the dendritic arbors of the abnormally positioned pyramidal cells and
      to compare the distribution of dendritic excrescences (i.e., the termination
      sites of the mossy fibers) in +/+ and Hld/Hld mice. It was found that in +/+ mice
      the late-generated pyramidal cells (whose cell bodies are positioned just below
      the suprapyramidal mossy fiber layer) have one set of dendritic excrescences on
      their apical dendrites as they extend through the suprapyramidal mossy fiber
      layer and a second set on their basal dendrites as they pass through the
      infrapyramidal mossy fiber layer. In contrast, in Hld/Hld mice the late-generated
      pyramidal cells (whose cell bodies are abnormally positioned just below the
      intrapyramidal mossy fiber layer) have two sets of dendritic excrescences on
      their apical dendrites, as they pass through the intrapyramidal and
      suprapyramidal mossy fiber layers, and none on their basal dendrites. In
      addition, in the vicinity of the apparent point of contact of the intrapyramidal
      mossy fibers, the apical dendrites of some of the abnormally positioned pyramidal
      cells have several fine-caliber branches.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4044941
TI  - Observations on the somatodendritic morphology and axonal trajectory of
      intracellularly HRP-labeled efferent neurons located in the deeper layers of the
      superior colliculus of the cat.
AB  - Efferent neurons of the deeper layers of the cat's superior colliculus were
      stained with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to demonstrate patterns of
      somatodendritic morphology and axonal trajectory. A combination of
      somatodendritic and axonal features of the HRP-labeled cells revealed the
      existence of three major groups of tectal efferent neurons (X, T, and I). X
      neurons are mostly large and multipolar and participate in the crossed descending
      and ipsilateral ventral ascending projections of the superior colliculus. The X
      group includes multipolar radiating (X1), tufted (X2), large vertical (X3),
      medium-sized vertical (X4), and medium-sized horizontal (X5) neurons. T neurons
      participate in one or two of the major tectofugal bundles (medial descending
      ipsilateral, lateral descending ipsilateral, medial dorsal ascending, crossed
      descending) besides providing a commissural branch. They also issue recurrent
      collaterals distributed within a more or less restricted area of the deeper
      layers. The T group includes medium-sized, trapezoid, radiating (T1) and small or
      medium-sized, ovoid, vertical (T2) neurons. I neurons participate in the
      ipsilateral descending projection of the superior colliculus. They are small,
      triangular or ovoid, sparsely ramified cells that provide long, varicose
      collaterals irregularly distributed within the deeper layers. The majority of T
      neurons are located in the ventral stratum opticum or dorsal stratum griseum
      intermediale; X3 and X5 neurons are situated immediately below in the dorsal
      stratum griseum intermediale, while X1, X2, X4, and I neurons are
      indiscriminately distributed within the deeper layers. The polythetic
      classification presented here provides a conceptual framework for the description
      of tectal efferent neurons. It is open-ended and can thereby accommodate new
      cells types as indicated by the disclosure of a small horizontal (A) and a small
      radiating (unclassified) neuron. Moreover, it does not preclude the construction
      of alternate taxonomies. A dendro-architectonic classification into four groups
      [vertical (X3, X4, T2, I), horizontal (X5, A), radiating (X1, T1, I), and tufted
      (X2)] can be made and would relate to the mode of integration of various
      tectopetal inputs. A classification based on the dorsoventral location of tectal
      efferent neurons is also possible and would relate to the dorsoventral
      distribution of neurons with specific response properties.

PMID- 4044942
TI  - The morphology and ultrastructure of common inhibitory motor neurones in the
      thorax of the locust.
AB  - The morphologies of three common inhibitory motor neurones which innervate
      muscles of a hind leg and the homologous three neurones which innervate muscles
      in a middle leg are described in relation to known commissures, tracts, and areas
      of neuropile in their ganglia. The neurones were stained individually by the
      intracellular injection of cobalt, and the ultrastructure of common inhibitor 1
      (CI1) in the metathoracic ganglion was revealed by the intracellular injection of
      horseradish peroxidase. Homologous inhibitory motor neurones in the meso- and
      metathoracic ganglia have similar shapes. CI1 has axons in nerves 3, 4, and 5,
      but common inhibitors 2 and 3 (CI2, CI3) have only a single axon in nerve 5. They
      nevertheless all share many features in common. All have large (60 70 micron
      diameter) cell bodies in the ventral cortex near the midline, well separated from
      those of the excitatory leg motor neurones. Their primary neurites run dorsally
      and laterally and send many fine branches into the dorsal and lateral neuropile,
      and some fine branches medially. None enter the ventral neuropile. CI1 and CI2
      have a small branch that arises close to the cell body and arborises on either
      side of the midline. When examined with the electron microscope, CI1 was not
      found to make any output synapses, even though some of its fine branches are
      varicose and end in bulbous swellings. These were seen to be packed with
      mitochondria but not vesicles. Input synapses tend to be grouped together on the
      secondary neurites and, more especially, on the finer branches and their spines.
      The majority of processes presynaptic to CI1 contain round agranular vesicles.

PMID- 4044943
TI  - Organization of motoneuronal pools in the rostral spinal cord of the sea robin,
      Prionotus carolinus.
AB  - The functional organization of the motoneurons in the spinal cord of the sea
      robin, Prionotus carolinus, was studied by means of retrograde transport of
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP). This species has a complex pectoral apparatus which
      includes not only a webbed fin, but also three independently mobile fin rays. The
      motoneurons in the rostral spinal cord fall into two longitudinal columns: dorsal
      and ventral. The motoneurons of the ventral column innervate the appendicular
      musculature of the pectoral apparatus. Within the ventral motor column of the
      rostral spinal cord, four distinct motoneuronal pools were found. The largest
      pool is situated at the rostral-most end of the spinal cord and contains the
      motoneurons that innervate the musculature of the webbed pectoral fin. The
      motoneurons that innervate the fin rays are located in sequentially more
      posterior pools so that the anteroventral fin ray is controlled by motoneurons
      situated farthest caudally. The somatotopic arrangement exactly corresponds to
      the sensory somatotopy determined previously. Furthermore, each fin ray has its
      sensory representation in a unique accessory spinal lobe which is connected in a
      reflex fashion to the motoneuronal pool that provides motor output to the same
      fin ray.

PMID- 4044944
TI  - Peripheral and central oculomotor organization in the goldfish, Carassius
      auratus.
AB  - Peripheral and central oculomotor organization was studied in the goldfish. The
      sizes of the extraocular muscles were quantified by counting the fibers contained
      in a given muscle and by area measurements of the cross-sectional surfaces. All
      the muscles were of approximately similar size. Kinematics were determined by
      electrical stimulation of a given muscle. The macroscopic appearance and
      kinematics of the muscles had the characteristics of other lateral-eyed animals
      (e.g., rabbit). Locations of extraocular motor neurons were found by retrograde
      transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) following injections into individual
      extraocular muscles. The eye muscles were innervated by four ipsilateral (lateral
      rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, inferior rectus) and two contralateral
      (superior rectus, superior oblique) motor neuron pools. The oculomotor nucleus
      was found in the midbrain, at the level of the caudal zone of the inferior lobe
      of the hypothalamus. Inferior rectus motor neurons were located rostrally in the
      oculomotor nucleus, whereas medial rectus, superior rectus, and inferior oblique
      motor neurons were intermingled in its more caudal portions. All labelled cells
      were located dorsally and medially to the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) in
      close proximity to either the floor of the ventricle or the midline region.
      Occasionally, motor neurons were interspersed within the fiber bundles of the MLF
      or the exiting fibers of the oculomotor nerve. The trochlear nucleus, containing
      superior oblique motor neurons, was found in the immediate lateral and caudal
      neighborhood of the oculomotor nucleus, where its rostral border overlapped with
      the caudal border of the latter. The abducens nucleus, containing lateral rectus
      motor neurons, was located in the posterior brainstem in the neighborhood of the
      vestibular nuclear complex. This nucleus was divided into a rostral and a caudal
      portion. The axons of ipsilaterally projecting motor neurons headed toward their
      respective nerve roots via the shortest possible route, as did the axons of
      superior rectus motor neurons, which crossed the midline without detour to enter
      the contralateral oculomotor nerve. In contrast, trochlear motor neuron axons
      arched around the dorsal aspect of the ventricle through the cerebellar
      commissure to reach the contralateral trochlear nerve. The morphology of
      individual motor neurons was visualized by intrasomatic injection of HRP. Cell
      somata had oblong shapes, and their large dendrites were oriented laterally and
      ventrally. The axons did not collateralize within the midbrain region or the
      oculomotor nerve as far as they could be traced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4044945
TI  - Transient tectogeniculate projections in neonatal kittens: an autoradiographic
      study.
AB  - By using anterograde transport autoradiography, the present experiments
      demonstrated that the pattern of tectogeniculate projections in young (birth-14
      postnatal days) kittens is strikingly different from that present in adult cats.
      Rather than being confined to the ventral C laminae, the neonatal projection
      extended across all layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus. This projection,
      like that in the adult cat, originates from cells in superficial laminae and is
      visuotopically organized. Thus, labeling only a portion of the superior
      colliculus with tritiated leucine produced a topographically appropriate strip of
      labeling in the ipsilateral lateral geniculate nucleus that encompassed all
      laminae and was especially dense in all interlaminar zones. Transported label
      also invaded the medial interlaminar nucleus (MIN). The loss of tectogeniculate
      projections in the neonate from MIN and the dorsal laminae and interlaminar zones
      of the lateral geniculate nucleus does not appear to begin until 1-2 weeks
      postnatal. Once initiated, however, the process is nearly completed by 21 days
      postnatal. It is not yet known whether the loss of these "anomalous" projections
      is due to the pruning of axonal collaterals, cell death, or a combination of the
      two processes. However, by comparing these data with those from other
      laboratories, it does appear that the loss of tectogeniculate projections depends
      on the presence of the two eyes and may reflect the differential laminar
      distribution of W-, X-, and Y-cell types. The protracted postnatal anatomical
      maturation of tectogeniculate projections differs substantially from the earlier
      maturing patterns apparent in all other tectofugal pathways.

PMID- 4044946
TI  - Auditory neurons expand their terminal arbors throughout life and orient toward
      the site of postembryonic hair cell production in the macula neglecta in
      elasmobranchs.
AB  - The population of sensory hair cells in the macula neglecta auditory epithelium
      in skates increases from 500 to more than 3,000 postembryonically, but during the
      same time period the number of neurons innervating the epithelium changes by a
      much smaller amount, if at all. Morphometric analyses of the peripheral terminal
      arbors of these neurons demonstrate that the arbors expand in area through
      intussusceptive growth, so that each neuron contacts more hair cells as the
      epithelium grows by appositional addition of new hair cells at its outer edge.
      The synaptic contacts that these neurons make with hair cells may not be
      permanent. Many of the neurons that innervate the growing macula appear to shift
      their terminal arbors, breaking synaptic contacts with older hair cells in the
      center of the sensory epithelium as they branch to form new contacts with younger
      hair cells that are located in the periphery of the epithelium. Over 80% of the
      terminal branches of these auditory neurons are directed toward the outer edge of
      the macula, the site where new hair cells are produced. This suggests that the
      growth cones of these continually growing neurons are guided to newly produced
      hair cells by an active attraction mechanism.

PMID- 4044947
TI  - Colchicine is effective in controlling chronic cutaneous leukocytoclastic
      vasculitis.
AB  - Chronic cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis is commonly difficult to control.
      In an attempt to avoid potentially toxic therapy with corticosteroids and/or
      immunosuppressives or to allow tapering of corticosteroid therapy, I instituted
      oral colchicine therapy in thirteen patients. Complete control of disease
      occurred in nine patients, partial control (as evidenced by my ability to lower
      the corticosteroid dosage) was obtained in three patients, and one patient had no
      demonstrable effects during a 1-month period of colchicine therapy. Effect was
      uniformly noted within 1 week after institution of therapy. Side effects were
      uncommon but, when they occurred, consisted mainly of abdominal cramping and/or
      diarrhea. Seven patients had a relapse of their cutaneous vasculitis when
      colchicine was stopped, but reinstitution again led to a rapid control of the
      disease manifestations. Therapy has been safely continued for up to 2 1/2 years
      without evidence of toxicity. Thus colchicine appears to be a safe and effective
      therapy for chronic cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis.

PMID- 4044948
TI  - Multiple benign lichenoid keratoses simulating photodermatoses: evolution from
      senile lentigines and their spontaneous regression.
AB  - Evidence from several studies has established that a solitary benign lichenoid
      keratosis evolves from a senile lentigo. This lesion tends to resolve
      spontaneously with partial or complete regression of the original senile lentigo.
      In a 2-year period we studied fourteen patients with multiple benign lichenoid
      keratoses simulating photodermatoses. The original two patients were thought
      initially to have either cutaneous lupus erythematosus or a drug-induced
      photodermatitis. All fourteen patients were found to have multiple benign
      lichenoid keratoses distributed primarily in sun-exposed skin and arising from
      preexisting senile lentigines. The lichenoid lesions disappear either with
      topical corticosteroid treatment or spontaneously and are followed by partial or
      complete regression of the original senile lentigines. This disease entity seems
      to be fairly common and may be easily confused with photodermatoses.

PMID- 4044949
TI  - Squaric acid and esters: analysis for contaminants and stability in solvents.
AB  - Two squaric acid diesters, squaric acid diethyl ester (SADEE) and squaric acid
      dibutyl ester (SADBE), have been suggested as replacements for 2,4
      dinitrochlorobenzene in the treatment of alopecia areata and alopecia totalis. We
      synthesized these squaric acid diesters and examined them for the presence of
      carcinogenic contaminants, hexachlorobutadiene and tetrachloro-2-cyclobutene-1
      one, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The stability of SADBE to
      hydrolysis by water in acetone, butanol, isopropanol, and absorbent ointment with
      and without molecular sieves was examined. The stability of SADEE in ethanol and
      acetone, with and without molecular sieves, was also studied. Hydrolysis products
      were detected by their formation of a colored complex with ferric chloride. This
      complex absorbs in the visual range at 480 nm, thus affording a convenient method
      for determination of the concentration of free squaric acid in a solution. No
      contaminants were found by positive or negative ion detection in our GC-MS
      system. At the end of 3 weeks the extent of hydrolysis was greater in alcohols
      than in acetone when 10 and 100 molar excess of water were added to the
      solutions. In the presence of molecular sieves, hydrolysis was reduced even at
      100 molar excess of added water in alcohol ar acetone. However, under storage
      conditions without sieves, acetone solutions and alcohol solutions were equally
      stable over a period of 2 months. Molecular sieves reduce hydrolysis of squarate
      esters in the presence of a large molar excess of water, regardless of solvent.

PMID- 4044950
TI  - Livedo reticularis due to multiple cholesterol emboli.
AB  - Three patients with advanced atherosclerotic vascular disease developed multiple
      cholesterol emboli. The clinical presentation typically includes livedo
      reticularis of the lower part of the body and purple toes. Small areas of
      necrosis and ulceration may be present distally, despite palpable pulses.
      Muscular and abdominal pain, as well as alterations in renal function, may also
      occur. Cutaneous biopsy reveals characteristic cholesterol clefts within
      atheromatous debris filling small, deep arterial lumen. Pathophysiologic
      mechanisms are discussed.

PMID- 4044951
TI  - Survey of refrigeration and surgical technics used for facial dermabrasion.
AB  - Concern has recently been expressed regarding the possibility of freeze
      associated adverse effects (delayed healing, prolonged erythema, scarring)
      associated with the use of potent spray refrigerants used for dermabrasion. A
      survey was undertaken among experienced dermatologic surgeons in an attempt to
      define variations in technic that might explain the absence of universal
      difficulties with these products. Distance of spray nozzle to skin, attempted
      depth of abrasion, and ambient room temperature emerged as possible differences
      between the complication-free and complication-affected groups. Speculations
      relating these differences to freeze-associated adverse effects are presented.

PMID- 4044952
TI  - Oral acyclovir for genital herpes--cautious optimism.

PMID- 4044953
TI  - Lupus erythematosus/lichen planus (LE/LP) overlap syndrome.

PMID- 4044954
TI  - Minoxidil and sudden death.

PMID- 4044955
TI  - Ecthyma gangrenosum.

PMID- 4044956
TI  - Hairy cell leukemia and pyoderma gangrenosum.

PMID- 4044957
TI  - Thalidomide and oxygen intermediates.

PMID- 4044958
TI  - Drug-induced pancreatitis presenting as subcutaneous fat necrosis.

PMID- 4044959
TI  - Usefulness of electrolysis.

PMID- 4044960
TI  - Cimetidine and recurrent genital herpes.

PMID- 4044961
TI  - Heerfordt's syndrome presenting with an erythematous eruption of the lower legs.

PMID- 4044962
TI  - Bovine-associated mucoprotein: de novo synthesis by nonmammary tissues.
AB  - Bovine tissues were cultured in vitro in the presence of carbon-14 amino acids
      and tritiated hexosamine to examine the de novo synthesis of the milk fat globule
      glycoprotein bovine-associated mucoprotein, by selected tissues. Among tissues
      examined, the relative synthesis of bovine-associated mucoprotein was highest in
      mammary tissue. The de novo synthesized bovine-associated mucoprotein in mammary
      and lacrimal gland cultures when examined for incorporation of carbon-14, had
      similar sedimentation profiles in sucrose density gradients and incorporated the
      same relative amount of carbohydrate. The bovine-associated mucoprotein
      synthesized by lung and spleen cultures sedimented in similar fashion to mammary
      gland bovine-associated mucoprotein when incorporation of carbon-14 was used as
      the marker, but it displayed greater heterogeneity when evaluated for tritium
      incorporation. Bovine-associated mucoprotein in the lung and spleen incorporated
      relatively less carbohydrate than that synthesized by mammary tissue. These
      findings support the concept of intertissue heterogeneity, which had been
      suggested by previous studies.

PMID- 4044963
TI  - Varying protein content and nitrogen solubility for pluriparous, lactating
      Holstein cows: lactation performance and profitability.
AB  - Effects on total lactation performance of varying ration crude protein (15.3 vs.
      13.6% of dry matter) and nitrogen solubility (35 vs. 45% of total nitrogen) in
      early lactation was studied using 57 pluriparous Holstein cows. Grain was fed
      according to production so as to minimize change in body weight throughout
      lactation. Forages high in nitrogen solubility, corn and grass silages, were fed
      free-choice. Percent concentrate in ration dry matter was highest (64%) 5 to 8 wk
      postpartum and lowest (3%) 33 to 44 wk postpartum. Protein and nitrogen
      solubility were varied by formulating four protein supplements fed as 10% of the
      grain allocation, so differences in treatments applied narrowed as lactation
      progressed. Cows fed the medium-protein diets produced 196 kg more milk than
      those receiving low-protein diets, but their peak daily milk yield was only .6 kg
      higher. Cows receiving rations with reduced nitrogen solubility produced 347 kg
      more milk than those fed the higher solubility diets, but their peak daily milk
      yield was 1.0 kg lower. Income above fed cost for the lactation was highest and
      postpartum loss in body weight was least for cows receiving medium-protein and
      low-solubility rations in early lactation, but no differences were significant.
      Both milk yield (38.3 to 40.6 kg) and total dry matter intake (3.74 to 3.91% body
      weight) means were maximum 6 to 7 wk postpartum, but lactation performance was
      not proportional to peak milk yield. When cows are fed to minimize body fat
      mobilization, response to increased protein in the diet is small. Reducing
      nitrogen solubility of silage-based diets increased milk produced per unit grain
      fed. There were no adverse effects of treatments on breeding efficiency or herd
      health.

PMID- 4044964
TI  - Varying protein content and nitrogen solubility for pluriparous, lactating
      Holstein cows: digestive performance during early lactation.
AB  - Thirty-four pluriparous Holstein cows were used to examine effects of crude
      protein (15.3 vs. 13.6%, dry matter basis) and nitrogen solubility (39.7 vs.
      47.9%) on digestibility, energy and protein balances, and related traits during
      early lactation. Cows were assigned randomly at parturition to treatments in a 2
      X 2 factorial arrangement; measurements were during wk 6, 10, and 14 postpartum.
      Diets were protein supplements (varying in protein content and nitrogen
      solubility), low-protein concentrate, corn silage treated with urea at ensiling,
      and wilted grass silage fed individually for ad libitum intake. Reducing nitrogen
      solubility of diet improved energy intake and productive energy factors but
      resulted in no significant increase of milk yield or body tissue balances,
      although body fat balance tended to be higher for low-solubility diets. There was
      no effect on overall partition of nitrogen in the body. Digestibility of
      carbohydrates and protein was higher for 15.3 than for 13.6% crude protein diets,
      resulting in higher total digestible nutrients and digestible and metabolizable
      energy of dry matter. Raising crude protein in the ration decreased milk yield of
      cows in early lactation but generally increased body tissue balances.
      Concentrations of rumen ammonia and blood urea nitrogen were not influenced by
      nitrogen solubility; increasing dietary protein increased concentrations of both,
      although not enough to increase consumption of free water. Best digestive
      efficiency was for animals fed the ration of medium crude protein and low
      nitrogen solubility.

PMID- 4044965
TI  - Milk production response to diets supplemented with dried brewers grains, wet
      brewers grains, or soybean meal.
AB  - Forty four multiparous Holsteins, 114 +/- 28 days in milk (32 kg/day, 3.4% fat),
      were fed a basal diet of 12% crude protein and 20% acid detergent fiber for 10
      days, then stratified by milk production into four groups. Cows were randomized
      to one of nine diets in a 3 X 3 factorial in which basal was supplemented with
      dried brewers grains, wet brewers grains, or soybean meal to supply in the diet
      14.5, 16.0, and 17.5% crude protein. Eight cows remained on basal during the 50
      day trial. Basal contained: 14% alfalfa silage, 27% ensiled ground-corn, 53% corn
      silage, and 6% vitamin-mineral mix. Milk production (kg/day) for cows fed dried
      brewers grains (29.4) and wet brewers grains (28.9) was higher than soybean meal
      (26.2) and basal (23.1). Milk production was different for diets with high (29.6)
      vs. low (27.8) and medium (27.2) protein. Dry matter intake (as percent of body
      weight) was 3.7, 3.5, 3.3, and 2.9 for dried brewers, wet brewers, soybean meal,
      and basal, respectively. Milk protein percent and milk fat percent differed for
      protein source. Rumen fluid ammonia nitrogen for combined 2, 4, and 6 h post
      feeding, was (mg/100 ml) 10.4 for dried brewers, 14.9 for wet brewers, and 18.0
      for soybean meal and increased from 13.2 to 15.4 with increased protein. Plasma
      urea tended to follow patterns of rumen ammonia. Dried brewers grains had lower
      apparent nitrogen digestibility but equal nitrogen balance, indicating more
      efficient metabolic use than soybean meal.

PMID- 4044966
TI  - Effects of feeding corn or barley on composition of milk and diet digestibility.
AB  - Complete mixed, cubed diets containing corn or barley as the cereal component
      were fed to eight cows, four first lactation and four second or later lactation.
      Diets were fed for ad libitum intake in two periods of 21 d each. Percentages of
      milk fat, protein, lactose, and solids were not affected by corn or barley.
      Percentages of casein, whey, and nonprotein nitrogen were not different nor was
      proportion of total nitrogen represented as casein, whey, or nonprotein nitrogen
      for corn or barley diets. Production status, first lactation versus older cows,
      did not affect milk composition of casein, whey, and nonprotein nitrogen.
      Apparent digestibility of dry matter and energy was not different, but fiber
      digestibility was significantly lower for the barley diet. Intake of dry matter
      and digestible energy and yield of milk and milk constituents were not different.
      When diets were fed to rumen fistulated heifers, molar percentages of volatile
      fatty acids, total volatile fatty acid concentration, and pH of rumen fluid were
      not different for corn or barley diets.

PMID- 4044967
TI  - Effects of cytoplasmic inheritance on production traits of dairy cattle.
AB  - Pedigrees of 4461 cows were traced to the original female in a maternal line.
      Cytoplasmic origin was defined as the first female in the maternal lineage. There
      were 102 cytoplasmic lines. Most cows were at least 10 generations removed from
      the origin. After adjustment for sire, herd, calving year, calving month, and
      age, cytoplasmic effects accounted for 2.0, 1.8, 1.8, and 3.5% of total variation
      of milk yield, milk fat yield, 3.7% fat-corrected milk yield, and milk fat
      percentage in first lactation. Cytoplasmic effects were also in models that
      included adjustments for sires, maternal grand-sires, and dam's production.
      Correlations among independent subsets agreed with expectations. Cytoplasmic
      origin was a significant source of variation of production traits of dairy
      cattle.

PMID- 4044968
TI  - Association of sire dystocia transmitting ability with progeny linear type traits
      in Holsteins.
AB  - Data on 13 traits of 11,260 progeny of 775 sires in the Carnation Genetics linear
      type appraisal program were analyzed to determine the association between sire
      dystocia transmitting ability and progeny linear type traits. Mean linear type
      scores ranged from 25.0 to 29.8 on a scale of 1 to 50. Parity, stage of
      lactation, and interactions of evaluator by parity and evaluator by stage were
      sources of variation for most traits. First quartile (easy) and fourth quartile
      (most difficult) sires grouped by dystocia transmitting ability differed in
      daughter linear type scores for stature, dairy character, rump angle, center
      ligament, udder depth, teat length, teat placement, and rump width. Differential
      use of easy calving bulls on heifers might result in progeny with lower type
      scores for stature, dairy character, rump angle, legs, and rump width. Average
      type scores differed by less than 1 unit for all traits, indicating little
      correlated response in linear type traits through use of bulls whose progeny are
      born with least difficulty.

PMID- 4044969
TI  - Genetic parameters and environmental factors associated with type traits scored
      on an ordered scale during first lactation.
AB  - Sixty subjective and linearized type data were recorded on 7375 first lactation
      Holstein cows. Data were analyzed by paternal half-sister analysis for genetic
      parameters. One hundred and six sires were represented. Two kinds of heritability
      estimates were obtained; the first was a method 3-derived estimate for the raw
      scale and the second was a "nonlinear method 3"-derived estimate for an
      underlying scale. Whenever estimates of heritability on the raw scale were
      positive, larger estimates were generally obtained on the underlying scale. Some
      udder traits (e.g., depth, rear length, rear balance, teat placement, rear teat
      length, rear width) had underlying heritabilities between 10 to 30%. Suspensory
      strength and teat shape had no genetic variation. Of feet and leg traits only set
      (.14) and cleanness of hocks (.09) had heritabilities above 6%. Some functional
      traits (milking speed, edema) had heritabilities near 11%. Disposition, mastitis
      score, and milk letdown had no genetic variation. Most body traits (e.g., pin and
      hip width, length and levelness of rump, rib spring) had heritabilities between
      15 and 30%. Method 3 phenotypic and genetic correlations relations were computed
      for the raw scale. Most phenotypic correlations were near zero. Traits associated
      with size or skeletal dimension had positive phenotypic typic and genetic
      correlations. Fore udder length, rear udder width, and rear udder height had
      positive genetic correlations (range .21 to .43). Udder depth had moderate
      genetic correlations with most udder traits, teat traits and body traits. The
      statistical models included describer, stage of lactation, and calendar month of
      description effects. In general, describer effects were the largest and most
      significant kind of environmental effect. Stage of lactation effects occasionally
      showed consistent trends. Month effects appeared to be unpredictable.

PMID- 4044970
TI  - Absorption and elimination of a prostaglandin F analog, fenprostalene, in
      lactating dairy cows.
AB  - Pharmacokinetic characteristics of the prostaglandin F2 alpha analog,
      fenprostalene, were studied in five lactating Holstein cows. Blood samples, milk,
      urine, and feces were collected for up to 7 d following a single subcutaneous
      injection of 1 mg of 13,14-hydrogen-3-fenprostalene in polyethylene glycol-400.
      The maximum concentration of tritium in plasma, observed 4 h after injection,
      equated to .17 ngeq/ml fenprostalene and declined with a fractional disappearance
      rate of .051 X h-1 to less than .04 ngeq/ml by 48 h. Likewise, milk contained .53
      ngeq/ml fenprostalene at 4 h and the concentration declined with a fractional
      disappearance rate of .069 X h-1 to less than .03 ngeq/ml by 48 h. Milk was a
      very minor route of elimination of fenprostalene with only .46% of the injected
      dose recovered over a 7-d sampling. Recovery of tritium in urine accounted for
      55% of the total dose and recovery in feces accounted for an additional 43%.
      Residues from fenprostalene at 7 d after injection were less than .1 ppb in all
      edible tissues. Differences in the molecular structure, formulation, and route of
      injection of fenprostalene resulted in a slower rate of absorption and
      elimination of this analog than previously reported for other prostaglandin
      products. Nonetheless, the percentage of the injected dose of fenprostalene
      secreted in milk was not increased appreciably, and no persistent tissue residues
      of fenprostalene were observed.

PMID- 4044971
TI  - Relationship of nonreturn rates of dairy bulls to binding affinity of heparin to
      sperm.
AB  - The binding of the glycosaminoglycan [3H] heparin to bull spermatozoa was
      compared with nonreturn rates of dairy bulls. Semen samples from five bulls above
      and five below an average 71% nonreturn rate were used. Samples consisted of
      first and second ejaculates on a single day collected 1 d/wk for up to 5
      consecutive wk. Saturation binding assays using [3H] heparin were performed to
      quantitate the binding characteristics of each sample. Scatchard plot analyses
      indicated a significant difference in the binding affinity for [3H] heparin
      between bulls of high and low fertility. Dissociation constants were 69.0 and
      119.3 pmol for bulls of high and low fertility, respectively. In contrast, the
      number of binding sites for [3H] heparin did not differ significantly among
      bulls. Differences in binding affinity of [3H] heparin to bull sperm might be
      used to predict relative fertility of dairy bulls.

PMID- 4044972
TI  - Motility and fertility of frozen bull spermatozoa in tris-yolk and milk extenders
      containing amikacin sulfate.
AB  - Amikacin sulfate, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, effective against some
      streptomycin-resistant organisms, was tested in bull semen extended with whole
      milk and egg yolk-Tris extenders in a 6 X 5 X 2 factorial arrangement. Semen from
      six bulls was frozen in extenders containing 500, 1000, and 2500 microgram/ml of
      amikacin, a control containing 500 IU/ml of penicillin plus 1000 micrograms/ml of
      streptomycin plus 500 IU/ml of polymyxin, and control plus amikacin (1000
      micrograms/ml). Semen was frozen in .5 ml polyvinyl chloride straws in liquid
      nitrogen vapor and stored in liquid nitrogen for 2 wk. Straws were thawed in a
      water bath at 35 degrees C for 30 s. Postthaw motility of spermatozoa in each
      treatment was assessed using two straws by two observers independently. At
      amikacin concentrations of 500, 1000, or 2500 micrograms/ml, the percentage of
      motile spermatozoa averaged 47, 45, and 36% in whole milk and 52, 46, and 46% in
      egg yolk-Tris. Control and control plus amikacin (1000 micrograms/ml) were 49 and
      47% in whole milk and 48 and 52% in egg yolk-Tris. Only amikacin in milk at 2500
      micrograms/ml, depressed sperm motility. A fertility trial was conducted to
      compare the control mixture of antibiotics in whole milk with whole milk also
      containing 500 micrograms/ml of amikacin. The nonreturn rate to 1182 first
      service inseminations with semen treated with amikacin (500 micrograms/ml) plus
      control antibiotics was 70.4% compared with 70.5% for 1494 first service
      inseminations with control semen. Amikacin can safely be added to whole milk and
      egg yolk-tris extenders to control streptomycin-resistant organisms.

PMID- 4044973
TI  - Udder and teat morphology related to mastitis resistance: a review.
AB  - Annual losses by mastitis are estimated to be in excess of two billion dollars in
      the United States. Udder and teat morphologies have been associated with
      incidences of mastitis without clear conclusion on the closeness. Streak canal
      diameter was correlated with udder health, but it is difficult to measure. Udder
      depth and teat-end shape have been associated with udder health. Selection to
      reduce frequencies of cows with deep udders and flat, disk, or inverted teat ends
      may reduce mastitis incidence. Heritabilities of udder morphology are moderate to
      high, and a single score during the lifetime of a cow may be adequate for
      selection. There is no concensus in the literature on relationships between
      mastitis and teat size, general teat shape, teat-end lesions, teat pigmentation,
      or milk flow rate. Different breeds, milking procedures, measures of mastitis,
      and statistical procedures may account for different conclusions. Genetic
      approaches to improve mastitis resistance of dairy cattle seem warranted. This
      paper attempts to summarize evidence dealing with possible physical bases for
      genetic variation associated with mastitis in dairy cattle.

PMID- 4044975
TI  - Method for automatic, continuous blood sampling with remote alarm for clogged
      catheters.
AB  - An inexpensive blood sampling system is described that includes a remote alarm
      triggered by a decrease in rate of blood withdrawal. Additional modifications
      include design of a reliable sampling catheter and of a method for quickly and
      atraumatically replacing clogged catheters. This system has been used to collect
      continuous, integrated blood samples every 15 min for up to 72 h from cows. The
      alarm system is also useful for monitoring any flow in which minimum rate is
      critical, e.g., for column chromatography.

PMID- 4044974
TI  - Factors related to milk loss in quarters with low somatic cell counts.
AB  - Relationship between milk production and milk composition was studied through
      comparisons of udder halves within cow. Cows were milked by milking unit for
      separate quarters of udder. Six trials had six cows per trial. Trial length was 3
      d, and milkings were at 12-h intervals. Foremilk samples were taken aseptically
      for bacterial analysis. Milk weights by quarter were recorded, and samples by
      quarter were analyzed for concentrations of lactose, somatic cells, and chloride.
      Milk cell differential counts and N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase activity also were
      determined. Eighty-four percent of quarter milk samples contained less than
      400,000 cells/ml. Differences between right and left udder halves with respect to
      all measurements were computed. For halves of udders within-cow correlation
      coefficients for differences between production and log(base 2) somatic cell
      count, lactose, chloride, bacterial presence, neutrophil percent, lymphocyte
      percent, macrophage percent, and N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase activity were -.16,
      .23, -.31, .09, .12, .01, -.14, and -.41. Regression coefficients of milk
      production (kg) on somatic cell count log(base 2) cells per milliliter, lactose
      (%), chloride (mg/100 ml), and N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase (nmol/min per ml)
      were -.12, .57, -.05, and -.46. From negative correlations between production and
      concentrations of chloride, somatic cells, and N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase
      activity, differences between udder halves in production may be related to
      changes of the blood-milk barrier, leukocyte diapedesis, and loss of integrity of
      secretory cells.

PMID- 4044976
TI  - Effects of selenium and vitamin E on incidence of retained placenta.
AB  - In a series of experiments over 3 yr, relatively low doses of selenium and
      vitamin E were injected intramuscularly 3 wk prepartum to pregnant Israeli
      Holstein dairy cows in a high-producing herd (9000 kg milk/yr) with a history of
      retained placenta in 17% of the primiparous and 28% of the multiparous animals,
      as recorded for the 12 mo preceding the study. Selenium ranged from .035 to .109
      ppm in the prepartum diet and from .160 to .200 ppm in the postpartum diet. Doses
      of selenium ranging from 2.3 to 23.0 mg reduced the incidence of retained
      placenta in 186 primiparous and in 428 multiparous to 7 and 15%, which was half
      of that of controls. Low doses of selenium (2.3 to 4.6 mg) tended to be more
      effective than higher ones. Selenium alone was at least as effective as a
      combination of selenium and vitamin E. Dosage, timing, mechanism, and
      interactions of selenium with other factors in reducing the incidence of retained
      placenta need clarification.

PMID- 4044977
TI  - A simplified method of focal salabrasion for removal of linear tattoos.
AB  - A simple method for the removal of linear tattoos is described, where tissue
      destruction is limited to tattooed skin and the resulting necrosis does not
      extend more than 1 mm into non-tattooed skin. The epidermis overlying tattooed
      skin can easily be scraped after heat separation. Table salt is rubbed into and
      left on the area where epidermis has been removed. The achieved necrosis appears
      only in the heat-treated skin and heals with an acceptable scar.

PMID- 4044978
TI  - Candida: a common culprit.

PMID- 4044979
TI  - Cobblestone grafting.

PMID- 4044980
TI  - The partial closure.

PMID- 4044981
TI  - The combination of a cheek advancement-rotation flap with an M-plasty for upper
      preauricular excisions.

PMID- 4044982
TI  - Facial and scalp lipomas: case reports and study of prevalence.
AB  - Lipomas of the face and scalp are reportedly rare, comprising less than 2% of
      lipomas. Three such cases have recently been diagnosed in our clinic. Among 110
      lipomas in our files, a total of 16 (14.5%) involved the face and scalp. The
      clinician rarely considered lipoma as the primary preoperative diagnosis. Often
      mistaken clinically for epidermal cysts, face and scalp lipomas appear more
      common than the literature would indicate.

PMID- 4044983
TI  - Chemical face peeling without taping.
AB  - Chemical face peeling is a simple surgical procedure which usually provides
      dramatic results. The potential for serious complications does exist and cautious
      assessment and management is essential. Aesthetically pleasing long-term results
      can be obtained by using chemexfoliation without taping, when employed with a
      "moist dressing" technique. This technique eliminates the need for repeated
      anesthetics and postoperative visits in order to remove facial taping, and
      provides an atmosphere for accelerated wound healing.

PMID- 4044984
TI  - Electrosurgery using insulated needles: epilation.
AB  - This paper deals mainly with histologic findings and clinical aspects of
      epilation using insulated needles. Patients were checked for hair regrowth after
      "thermolysis" epilation--a cycle of three to four treatments at roughly 3-month
      intervals, within an observation period of 2 1/2 years. The results for 39
      patients, compiled 6 months to 1 year after the final epilations, showed almost
      no or extremely reduced hair regrowth with almost no scarring.

PMID- 4044985
TI  - A mild sclerosing agent for telangiectasias.

PMID- 4044987
TI  - International dermatosurgery: cosmetic varicectomy.

PMID- 4044986
TI  - Use a palpating finger in dermabrasion.

PMID- 4044988
TI  - Prophylactic antibiotics in cutaneous surgery.
AB  - Antibiotics can reduce the incidence of wound infection in some cutaneous
      surgical cases. In clean, uncomplicated surgical wounds, antibiotics have no
      effect on the incidence of infection. There is a reduction in infection rate when
      prophylaxis is used in clean-contaminated and contaminated surgical wounds. To
      achieve the maximum effect, the drug should be present in the tissue at the time
      of wounding. The antibiotic should be given for 24 to 48 hours. Longer treatment
      provides no greater protection from infection. A cephalosporin or erythromycin by
      the oral route is usually satisfactory for outpatient cutaneous surgery.

PMID- 4044989
TI  - Our experience in the surgical treatment of cancer and precancerous lesions of
      the lower lip.
AB  - We report on 279 patients with cancer and precancerous conditions of the lower
      lip who have been surgically treated. Cure rates and cosmetic results are
      evaluated in relation to the different surgical techniques employed. The types of
      tumors are statistically analyzed and discussed.

PMID- 4044990
TI  - The bilobed flap in sole surgery.
AB  - The bilobed flap is a simple reconstructive technique principally used to correct
      substantial defects in the facial region. We present our experience with this
      local flap in the difficult plantar area, with excellent short-term functional
      results. We describe the special characteristics of the bilobed flap in this
      zone, and comment on its indications and possible complications.

PMID- 4044991
TI  - Malignant blue nevus.
AB  - A malignant blue nevus of the dorsum of the hand and a review of the literature
      is reported. Histopathologic examination showed the presence of a blue nevus and
      a cellular blue nevus, as well as a malignant blue nevus. The cellular blue nevus
      elements of the lesion showed the characteristic prominent neural-type fascicles
      intertwined with melanocytes. There was no evidence for local invasion or
      regional lymph node metastases. The patient was free of disease 1 year following
      wide excision.

PMID- 4044992
TI  - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a San Francisco perspective.

PMID- 4044993
TI  - Third generation cephalosporins--a panacea for intensive care patients?

PMID- 4044995
TI  - An investigation of the role of lactic acid production in the causation of
      metabolic acidosis resulting from raised intracranial pressure in rabbits.
AB  - Intracranial pressure (ICP) was acutely raised in anaesthetized rabbits by the
      injection of saline into the cisterna magna. The raised ICP was maintained at 200
      mm Hg for 3 min after which it was allowed to return to baseline values. The
      profound metabolic acidosis produced (mean base deficit reaching 17.99 +/- SD
      4.06 mmol/1 30 min after raised ICP) was found to be in part related to an
      increase in arterial blood lactate (from mean 7.04 +/- SD 3.26 mmol/l before
      raised ICP to mean 13.57 +/- SD 5.28 mmol/l 30 min after raised ICP). It would
      appear that systemic sympathetic nervous system discharge consequent upon raising
      ICP results in intense vasoconstriction and thus an increase in anaerobic
      metabolism and inorganic acid production.

PMID- 4044994
TI  - Derivation of a bioclinical prognostic index in severe head injury.
AB  - We investigated the problem of outcome prediction from seven risk factors in 40
      severely head injured patients - 13 favorable and 27 unfavorable outcomes. By
      applying stepwise logistic discriminant analysis to the patients' data, we
      selected three significant risk variables: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) CK-BB
      isoenzyme activity recorded on admission, severely raised intracranial pressure
      (more than 40 mmHg) and age, respectively. CSF CK-BB activity, which quantifies
      the initial neurological damage, proved to be the best prognostic factor. The
      presence of severe intracranial hypertension was always associated with a bad
      outcome, whereas its absence was not necessarily indicative of good prognosis.
      Finally, we combined the three selected variables into a single risk index, which
      allowed correct predictions in 92% of patients with favorable outcome and in 85%
      of patients with unfavorable outcome (total predictive efficiency 88%).

PMID- 4044996
TI  - Five years experience of coniotomy.
AB  - The view held over the last six decades that coniotomy often leads to subglottic
      stenosis has recently been called into question. In this study 203 electively
      performed coniotomies were analysed. The operation was found to be much simpler
      than tracheostomy. No severe intra- or postoperative complications occurred. Six
      months after decannulation 61 patients operated on were alive and accessible to
      follow-up examination. No evidence of subglottic stenosis was found. The main
      disadvantage was a relatively high frequency of voice disorder.

PMID- 4044998
TI  - Reversible "locked-in" syndromes.
AB  - Two young patients are described who made good recoveries from a "locked-in"
      syndrome presumed to be due to ventral pontine ischemia. The first patient
      recovered completely from quadriplegia and mutism. In the second patient the only
      permanent sequellae were slight dysarthria and mild spasticity. Since patients
      may recover nearly completely from a "locked-in" syndrome, aggressive supportive
      therapy seems justified during the initial weeks or months.

PMID- 4044997
TI  - Elective cricothyroidotomy.
AB  - Cricothyroidotomies instead of tracheostomies were performed in 61 adult patients
      over a period of two years. The indications were as for tracheostomy. The
      majority of the patients had severe trauma, respiratory problems and sepsis. The
      procedure was to be found easy and fast. There were no severe complications
      during or directly after the operation. Of the 23 surviving patients 7 were lost
      for follow up, 16 patients were reexamined 6 months after decannulation. No
      serious complications had developed, although 2 patients had minor granulation
      tissue formation at the stoma site and 1 had a minimal anterior narrowing of the
      subglottic region without granulation tissue. None of these patients needed
      treatment.

PMID- 4044999
TI  - Left anterior hemiblock, complete right bundle branch block and sinus tachycardia
      in maprotiline poisoning.
AB  - Maprotiline is a tetracyclic drug with effects similar to those of tricyclic
      antidepressants. It has been suggested that tetracyclic antidepressants have
      fewer cardiovascular side-effects. We describe a case with serious alteration of
      intraventricular conduction after maprotiline overdosage.

PMID- 4045000
TI  - Zeroing the CVP.

PMID- 4045001
TI  - EPA's experience with assessment of site-specific environmental problems: a
      review of IEMD's geographic study of Philadelphia.

PMID- 4045002
TI  - Reducing indoor air formaldehyde concentrations.

PMID- 4045003
TI  - Influence of human activity on the airborne fiber level in paraoccupational
      environments.

PMID- 4045004
TI  - Emissions of chlorinated organics from two municipal incinerators in Ontario.

PMID- 4045005
TI  - A conceptual model for cognitive-behavior therapy with children.
AB  - This paper briefly reviews the historical and conceptual developments that
      produced the cognitive-behavioral model for clinical interventions with children.
      It is suggested that this model should be expanded by including the person
      variables of emotion and developmental level and by broadening the scope of
      environmental variables to include the family, school, and other social/community
      contexts. The implications of this expansion of the cognitive-behavioral model
      for psychopathology, assessment, and intervention are discussed.

PMID- 4045006
TI  - Metacognition reconsidered: implications for intervention research.
AB  - Metacognitive training techniques have been used successfully to improve
      children's problem-solving skills. The concept of metacognition needs further
      refinement, however, if it is to continue to be useful as an explanatory
      construct. Specifically, we argue that more attention needs to be paid to how
      metacognitive abilities are acquired, how this knowledge could be used to help
      improve the performance of children with learning difficulties, and how
      metacognition may be related to other self-evaluation processes.

PMID- 4045007
TI  - Toward a cognitive-behavioral model of child psychopathology and a critique of
      related interventions.
AB  - A cognitive-behavioral model recognizes the interdependencies of cognitive,
      affective, social, developmental, and behavioral factors in the etiology and
      remediation of childhood psychopathology. The model is concerned with the
      cognitive distortions and deficiencies that surround behavioral events and
      emphasizes the combination of treatment strategies with the therapist as a
      remediation organizer. Recommendations are made regarding treatment expectations,
      the specificity of the cognition-disorder relationship, the quality of the
      application of the training, and the need for further involvement of the child in
      the therapeutic curriculum.

PMID- 4045008
TI  - Conceptual, methodological, and clinical issues in cognitive-behavioral
      assessment.
AB  - This article reviews cognitive-behavioral assessment principles and procedures.
      The functions of such assessments are noted, and issues and advances in cognitive
      assessment are discussed. The need for integrated cognitive, behavioral, and
      affective assessments is then explored. Finally, conceptual methodological, and
      clinical issues in the integration of assessments and study of reciprocal
      determinants are presented.

PMID- 4045009
TI  - Cognitive-behavioral therapies for hyperactive children: premises, problems, and
      prospects.
AB  - The impetus for the widespread use of CBT for children with attention deficit
      disorder (hyperactivity) is examined, followed by an evaluation of various facets
      of treatment efficacy. The many "unknowns" concerning treatment ingredients,
      targets of change, domain specificity, individual differences, palatability, and
      treatment-emergent side effects are then reviewed. The final section focuses on
      future directions, specifying some reasons for optimism despite the disappointing
      outcomes to date. Nontraditional uses of CBT are also proposed, including the
      implementation of cognitive strategies to counteract undesirable emanative
      effects of extant treatments and to facilitate drug discontinuance in children
      taking psychoactive medication.

PMID- 4045011
TI  - Issues in cognitive-behavioral interventions in academic skill areas.
AB  - In this paper, conceptual and methodological issues within three phases of CBM
      interventions in academic skills are analyzed: Acquisition, evaluation, and
      generalization. The goal of such analysis is threefold: To enhance understanding
      of observed problems, clarify specific conceptual issues, and highlight areas
      that need more conceptual clarification and more research.

PMID- 4045012
TI  - Cognitive-behavioral interventions for increasing motivation.
AB  - Interventions aimed at improving students' achievement behavior by promoting
      adaptive attributions for success and failure are described. Issues concerning
      identification of appropriate recipients of these interventions, content and
      method of training, and evaluation of treatment effectiveness are discussed.

PMID- 4045010
TI  - Utility of cognitive-behavioral procedures for social skills training with
      children: a critical review.
AB  - Thirty-three studies that have used cognitive-behavioral social skills training
      procedures were critically reviewed. These studies were classified under four
      broad categories: modeling, coaching, treatment packages, and social problem
      solving. Seven criteria were used to critically evaluate these studies: subject
      characteristics, treatment specification, outcome measures, statistical analyses,
      experimental design, generalization, and cost effectiveness.

PMID- 4045013
TI  - The logical status of metacognitive training.
AB  - It is argued that knowing-how (to perform) is not dependent on knowing-that
      (knowing propositions about performance). Existing evidence allows any benefits
      from "metacognitive" training to be attributed to generalization training, not to
      the announcement of rules. Rules may encourage the subject to learn new tasks,
      but these tasks must be learned in the contexts of eventual application.

PMID- 4045014
TI  - Cognitive-behavioral approaches to children's problems.
AB  - Selected issues in theory, research, methodology, assessment, and outcome are
      briefly discussed in the context of cognitive-behavioral approaches to children's
      problems. Distinctions between rationalistic and developmental varieties of
      cognitive approaches are delineated. Different assumptions are explored regarding
      the function and nature of cognitive processes, the nature and mechanisms of
      psychological change, and the relationship between cognitive and emotional
      processes. It is concluded that the empirical status of cognitive-behavioral
      approaches to children's problems is equivocal. The theoretical status of
      traditional (rationalistic) cognitive treatments is also challenged, and
      developmental, process-oriented conceptualizations and research are endorsed as
      more adequate and promising perspectives in this area.

PMID- 4045015
TI  - Administration of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Text (MAST) at a student
      health service.

PMID- 4045016
TI  - Development of a testicular self-examination program for college men.

PMID- 4045017
TI  - Effects of aerobic training on primary dysmenorrhea symptomatology in college
      females.

PMID- 4045018
TI  - The health belief model and the contraceptive behavior of college women:
      implications for health education.

PMID- 4045019
TI  - AIDS and community heath issues.

PMID- 4045020
TI  - Opinions about osteoporosis among college women.

PMID- 4045021
TI  - Epidemiological and clinical correlates of endocervical chlamydial infections in
      female university students presenting for routine pap examination.

PMID- 4045022
TI  - Healthy lifestyling: a nontraditional approach to facilitating health-enhancing
      behaviors in university undergraduates.

PMID- 4045023
TI  - Dispensing medications at a small health service: an alternative to a dispensing
      pharmacist.

PMID- 4045024
TI  - Reversal of rest myocardial asynergy during exercise: a radionuclide
      scintigraphic study.
AB  - While exercise-induced segmental left ventricular wall motion abnormalities are
      well described, the phenomenon of improvement in certain asynergic segments
      during exercise in some patients remains a curiosity. To assess this unexpected
      finding, results were analyzed in 85 patients with wall motion abnormalities at
      rest who underwent two view (45 degrees left anterior oblique and anterior)
      exercise radionuclide ventriculography and exercise thallium-201 myocardial
      perfusion imaging. Wall motion was scored with a 5 point system (from 3 [normal]
      to - 1 [dyskinesia]); normalization or increase of 2 or more points with exercise
      signified improvement. Forty-eight patients (56%) had no change or further
      deterioration of wall motion at peak exercise, 15 (18%) showed both improvement
      of wall motion and deterioration and 22 (26%) showed only improvement of wall
      motion. Wall motion improvement during exercise was found in 57 (20%) of 279
      segments with asynergy at rest. Of these 57 segments improving with exercise, 45
      (79%) showed mild and 12 (21%) showed severe asynergy at rest. Only seven
      segments (12%) were associated with pathologic Q waves. Thallium-201 perfusion
      was normal in 44 segments (77%) while only 6 segments (11%) had reversible and
      only 7 (12%) had nonreversible thallium-201 defects. IN CONCLUSION: 1) wall
      motion that is abnormal at rest can sometimes improve with exercise; 2) this
      phenomenon generally occurs in zones without a Q wave or nonreversible thallium
      201 defect. Hence, segments with abnormal wall motion at rest that show
      improvement with exercise appear to represent viable nonischemic segments.

PMID- 4045025
TI  - Serial exercise testing in patients with effort angina: variable tolerance, fixed
      threshold.
AB  - To investigate the frequency and mechanism of variable threshold angina, seven
      treadmill exercise tests were performed in each of 28 patients with stable effort
      angina and exercise-induced ST segment depression. Each patient had tests at 8 AM
      on 4 days within a 2 week period and on 1 of these days had three additional
      tests at 9 AM, 11 AM and 4 PM. Time to 1 mm ST depression increased from 277 +/-
      172 seconds on day 1 to 319 +/- 186 seconds on day 2, 352 +/- 213 seconds on day
      3 and 356 +/- 207 seconds on day 4 (p less than 0.05). Rate-pressure product at 1
      mm ST depression remained constant. Similarly, time to 1 mm ST depression
      increased from 333 +/- 197 seconds at 8 AM to 371 +/- 201 seconds at 9 AM and to
      401 +/- 207 seconds at 11 AM and decreased to 371 +/- 189 seconds at 4 PM (p less
      than 0.01). Again, rate-pressure product at 1 mm ST depression remained constant.
      The standard deviation for time to 1 mm ST depression, calculated as a percent of
      the mean for each patient's seven tests and then averaged for the entire group,
      was 22 +/- 11%. The standard deviation for rate-pressure product at 1 mm ST
      depression, calculated in the same way, was significantly less at 8.4 +/- 2.8% (p
      less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045026
TI  - Echocardiographic study of cardiac abnormalities in families of patients with
      Marfan's syndrome.
AB  - Twelve patients (5 male and 7 female; mean age 17.7 +/- 12.3 years, range 5 to
      42) with Marfan's syndrome and 48 of their first degree relatives (16 male and 22
      female; mean age 29.8 +/- 17.3 years, range 4 to 60) were evaluated for cardiac
      abnormalities by echocardiography. Of the patients with Marfan's syndrome, aortic
      valve prolapse was present in 1, tricuspid valve prolapse in 4, mitral valve
      prolapse in 12 and aortic root dilation in 10. Of the 48 first degree relatives
      of these 12 patients, tricuspid valve prolapse was diagnosed in 3, mitral valve
      prolapse in 15 and aortic root dilation in 12; aortic valve prolapse was not
      observed in any of these subjects. Of the 60 persons studied in these 12
      kindreds, 28 (47%) had cardiac involvement. Among the 28 with cardiac
      involvement, aortic valve prolapse was observed in 1 (3.5%), tricuspid valve
      prolapse in 7 (25%), mitral valve prolapse in 27 (96%) and aortic root dilation
      in 22 (79%). Mitral valve prolapse was also present in the seven subjects with
      tricuspid valve prolapse and one with aortic valve prolapse. In 32 of the 60
      persons studied in the 12 families, at least one abnormality of the cardiac,
      skeletal or ophthalmologic system was observed. Nineteen subjects were younger
      than 18 years of age; all had cardiac involvement associated with Marfan's
      syndrome. The notably earlier presentation of cardiac involvement in young
      persons may be responsible for a shorter life span in this group.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045027
TI  - Inotropic stimulation of reperfused myocardium with dopamine: effects on infarct
      size and myocardial function.
AB  - Prolonged postischemic ventricular dysfunction ("stunned myocardium") may be
      responsible for heart failure after myocardial reperfusion. Although inotropic
      stimulation can enhance the contractility of stunned myocardium, it could
      potentially increase infarct size and thereby impair ultimate recovery of
      myocardial function. In 16 anesthetized dogs, the left anterior descending
      coronary artery was occluded for 2 hours, and then reperfused. At 45 minutes of
      reperfusion, the dogs were randomized to receive a 3 hour intravenous infusion of
      either saline solution or dopamine (10 micrograms/kg per min), and 1 hour after
      the infusion was discontinued the area of necrosis and an in vivo area at risk of
      necrosis were determined. All dogs had serial two-dimensional echocardiograms
      with computer-assisted analysis and in vivo biopsies for determination of
      adenosine triphosphate and creatine phosphate levels. Dopamine caused an increase
      in the contractility of the reperfused myocardium, with systolic wall thickening
      increasing from -4.1 +/- 2.6 (mean +/- SEM) to +24.0 +/- 3.7% (p less than 0.002)
      and short-axis cross-sectional ejection fraction increasing from 27.1 +/- 4.7 to
      71.6 +/- 4.4% (p less than 0.002) after 15 minutes of infusion. Regional
      myocardial blood flow in the previously ischemic epicardium was increased from
      1.18 +/- 0.11 ml/min per g with saline to 2.95 +/- 0.36 ml/min per g with
      dopamine (p less than 0.03).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045028
TI  - Different relations between infarct size and occluded bed size in barbiturate
      anesthetized versus conscious dogs.
AB  - The relation between infarct size and occluded bed size in barbiturate
      anesthetized (n = 32) and conscious (n = 34) dogs was compared using models of
      the left anterior descending (n = 43) and circumflex (n = 23) coronary arteries
      with 2 day old infarcts. Infarct and occluded bed (postmortem coronary
      arteriography) masses were measured by computerized planimetry of weighed left
      ventricular rings. For either type of occlusion, infarcts were larger in
      anesthetized than in conscious dogs (56 versus 33% occluded bed, p less than
      0.001), with greater slopes of the linear regressions between infarct size and
      occluded bed size (p less than 0.001) and less epicardial sparing (p less than
      0.05) on topographic mapping. Although arterial and left atrial pressures were
      similar in the two groups, heart rates were higher in the anesthetized dogs, both
      before (127 versus 88 beats/min, p less than 0.001) and after (151 versus 109
      beats/min, p less than 0.001) occlusion. Myocardial blood flow distribution
      (radioactive microspheres, n = 33) favored the epicardium in anesthetized dogs,
      with lower endocardial-epicardial flow ratios pre- and postocclusion. Also, the
      level of total plasma catecholamines (radioenzymatic assay) was higher in
      barbiturate-anesthetized (n = 5) than in conscious (n = 5) dogs. Increasing the
      heart rate in conscious dogs (n = 18) to that of the anesthetized group (139
      beats/min) by pacing produced larger infarcts and greater linear regression
      slopes, as seen in anesthetized dogs. Decreasing the heart rate in anesthetized
      dogs (n = 7) to that of the conscious group (98 beats/min) by sinoatrial node
      destruction and pacing resulted in smaller infarcts and lower linear regression
      slope, as seen in conscious dogs. Thus, the larger infarcts in barbiturate
      anesthetized dogs appeared to be related mainly to the tachycardia, although
      transmural maldistribution of flow and increased circulating catecholamines might
      have contributed.

PMID- 4045029
TI  - Reduction in blood flow in normal and narrowed coronary arteries of dogs by
      leukotriene C4.
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of intracoronary leukotriene C4 (0.3 to 10.0 micrograms)
      in seven anesthetized dogs with normal and severely narrowed coronary arteries
      were examined. Intracoronary leukotriene C4 caused a significant dose-related
      reduction in coronary blood flow in both normal and narrowed coronary arteries
      with no effect on heart rate or mean arterial pressure. However, left ventricular
      end-diastolic pressure increased at the 10.0 micrograms dose. The reduction of
      blood flow in normal and narrowed coronary arteries in response to leukotriene C4
      was similar. At the peak effects of leukotriene C4, there was evidence of
      intracoronary thromboxane A2 release. To examine the contribution of thromboxane
      A2 release to the coronary vasoconstrictor effects of leukotriene C4, dogs were
      administered leukotriene C4 after indomethacin pretreatment. The decrease in
      coronary blood flow was not significantly affected by pretreatment of the animals
      with indomethacin. However, indomethacin lowered baseline levels of thromboxane
      B2 and blocked the release of thromboxane A2 after leukotriene C4 administration.
      Thus, intracoronary leukotriene C4 causes direct dose-dependent decrease in
      coronary blood flow of similar magnitude in both normal and narrowed coronary
      arteries. These coronary hemodynamic effects of leukotriene C4 in dogs are not
      mediated by release of thromboxane A2. Leukotriene C4 released from activated
      leukocyte in the intracoronary thrombus or in the injured myocardium may reduce
      coronary blood flow and adversely influence the fate of the affected myocardial
      tissue.

PMID- 4045030
TI  - Alterations in intravascular volume affect the relation between right ventricular
      diastolic collapse and the hemodynamic severity of cardiac tamponade.
AB  - Right ventricular diastolic collapse has been demonstrated to be a sensitive and
      specific sign of cardiac tamponade. Because the shape and position of the right
      ventricular wall are related to the relative pressures within the pericardial
      space and the right ventricular chamber, the usefulness of right ventricular
      diastolic collapse as a marker of cardiac tamponade may be influenced by
      intravascular volume and right heart filling pressures. This study was undertaken
      to determine the effects of volume loading and hemorrhage on the point within the
      hemodynamic progression of cardiac tamponade at which right ventricular diastolic
      collapse first appears. Five unanesthetized, chronically instrumented dogs were
      studied with two-dimensional echocardiography during 41 episodes of cardiac
      tamponade induced by the intrapericardial infusion of warm saline solution.
      Intravascular volume was adjusted before cardiac tamponade to a hypovolemic,
      euvolemic or hypervolemic state using saline solution and dextran infusion or
      hemorrhaging to achieve the prescribed mean right atrial blood pressure. The
      measurements recorded during each episode of cardiac tamponade were right atrial
      blood pressure, aortic blood pressure, cardiac output (by electromagnetic flow
      meter), heart rate and intrapericardial pressure. When compared with the
      euvolemic state, the onset of right ventricular diastolic collapse in volume
      contraction occurred at a lower intrapericardial pressure (with a lower aortic
      blood pressure and cardiac output), whereas in volume expansion it occurred at a
      higher intrapericardial pressure (with a higher aortic blood pressure and cardiac
      output). Volume expansion delayed the decrease in hemodynamic variables during
      cardiac tamponade in this canine model.

PMID- 4045031
TI  - Accuracy of radionuclide ventriculography for estimation of left ventricular
      volume changes and end-systolic pressure-volume relations.
AB  - Estimation of left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relations depends on
      the accurate measurement of small changes in ventricular volume. To study the
      accuracy of radionuclide ventriculography, paired radionuclide and contrast
      ventriculograms were obtained in seven dogs during a control period and when
      blood pressure was increased in increments of 30 mm Hg by phenylephrine infusion.
      The heart rate was held constant by atropine infusion. The correlation between
      radionuclide and contrast ventriculography was excellent. In the individual
      animals, the average r value for left ventricular volume was 0.96 +/- 0.03 (+/-
      SD) (p = 0.001, n = 7) and the mean r value for end-systolic volume changes was
      0.90 +/- 0.08 (n = 7, range 0.76 to 0.99). For the entire series, there were 33
      end-systolic volume changes, and there was an equally strong radionuclide
      contrast correlation (r = 0.89, p less than 0.001, n = 33), even though the
      volume changes averaged only 11.9 +/- 8.2 ml (range 0.3 to 38.1). The systolic
      pressure-volume relations were linear for both radionuclide and contrast
      ventriculography (r = 0.98 and 0.97, respectively, n = 7). The mean slope for
      radionuclide ventriculography (2.9 +/- 1.4) was lower than the mean slope for
      contrast ventriculography (4.8 +/- 1.7) (p = 0.004); however, the slopes
      correlated well (r = 0.81, n = 7, p = 0.026). The radionuclide-contrast volume
      relation was compared using background subtraction, attenuation correction,
      neither of these or both. By each method, radionuclide ventriculography was valid
      for measuring small changes in left ventricular volume and for defining end
      systolic pressure-volume relations.

PMID- 4045032
TI  - Pharmacokinetic differences between peripheral and central drug administration
      during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
AB  - Advanced resuscitation techniques are dependent on drug therapy to increase
      survival. Because drugs must reach their site of action instantaneously, the
      choice of appropriate route of administration may be critical. To study the
      pharmacokinetics of drug administration by peripheral and central venous routes
      during resuscitation, nine mongrel dogs were studied. Arterial blood pressure and
      electrocardiograms were monitored continuously. Cardiac output was evaluated
      before resuscitation to determine control levels. After thoracotomy and
      fibrillation of the heart, cardiac massage was started with a frequency of
      compression maintained at 60/min. Bolus injections of two different radioisotopes
      were given simultaneously through a peripheral and a central vein. Isotope
      activity was sampled through a catheter in the right femoral artery at 5 second
      intervals for 90 seconds and at 30 second intervals for 210 seconds. The major
      differences between the two routes of administration were that central injection
      produced a 270% higher peak concentration (p less than 0.001) and significantly
      shorter lag times to the first appearance of tracer (16 +/- 7 versus 38 +/- 13
      seconds, p less than 0.05) and times to peak concentration (13 +/- 5 versus 27 +/
      12 seconds, p less than 0.01). In contrast, there were no significant
      differences in area under the time-counts curve, mean residence time, total body
      clearance and steady state volume of distribution. The central compartment volume
      of distribution was significantly smaller after central than after peripheral
      injection (26.1 +/- 56 versus 76.3 +/- 16.5 ml, p less than 0.01). The
      therapeutic implications of these findings must be investigated for individual
      drugs used during cardiorespiratory resuscitation to determine the most
      appropriate route and dosage for each agent.

PMID- 4045033
TI  - The excimer laser: gross, light microscopic and ultrastructural analysis of
      potential advantages for use in laser therapy of cardiovascular disease.
AB  - Excimer lasers are pulsed gas lasers that use a mixture of a rare gas and halogen
      as the active medium to generate pulses of short wavelength, high energy
      ultraviolet light. A krypton-fluoride gas mixture was used to achieve an excimer
      emission at a wavelength of 248 nm. A total of 30 atherosclerotic coronary artery
      segments were irradiated over a range of pulse energies (250 to 750 mJ),
      repetition rates (2 to 25 Hz), average powers (1.9 to 18.8 watts) and cumulative
      exposures (3 to 12 seconds). In no case was there gross, light microscopic or
      ultrastructural evidence of the pathologic injury typically associated with
      continuous wave laser irradiation of coronary artery segments. Similar results
      were achieved after excimer laser irradiation of 30 samples of myocardium.
      Excimer irradiation of calcified aortic valve leaflets accomplished focal
      debridement without pathologic tissue injury; when total debridement was
      attempted, however, gross charring was observed. The paucity of pathologic
      alterations observed after excimer irradiation of cardiovascular tissue may prove
      beneficial in precisely controlling laser ablation of pathologic tissue without
      injury to the surrounding normal tissue. Clinical application of excimer laser
      irradiation requires resolution of several issues, including the development of
      suitable fiber optics and laser coupling, evaluation of potential ultraviolet
      toxicity, and demonstration that ultraviolet light can be transmitted through a
      blood-filled system.

PMID- 4045034
TI  - The conduction system in patients with a prolonged QT interval.
AB  - The conduction system and the myocardium of five patients with Romano-Ward
      syndrome and one patient with the Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome were studied
      to determine the cause of the prolonged QT interval. The patients were 9 and 15
      months and 2, 5 and 19 years of age, respectively. All had a prolonged QTc
      interval. A sixth patient was a 16 year old girl who died suddenly; several
      members of her family had a prolonged QT interval. The only common finding in the
      conduction system in all cases was marked fatty infiltration in the approaches to
      the atrioventricular (AV) node. In four, the AV bundle was lobulated, with loop
      formation in one. In four, the AV bundle and bundle branches showed fibrosis. The
      ventricular myocardium in all cases was chronically inflamed. In two cases, the
      AV node was partially embedded in the central fibrous body. It is not clear how
      these changes are related to the disturbance in the repolarization process and
      the prolongation of the QT interval. However, it is interesting that all patients
      had an abnormality in the conduction system.

PMID- 4045035
TI  - Early myocardial revascularization for postinfarction angina: results and long
      term follow-up.
AB  - Within 30 days of acute myocardial infarction, 108 consecutive patients underwent
      urgent surgical myocardial revascularization for postinfarction angina between
      July 1976 and March 1983. There were 84 men and 24 women whose mean age was 59.6
      +/- 9.5 years (range 34 to 80). Group I (15 patients, 14%) underwent surgery
      within 48 hours, Group II (47 patients, 43%) between 3 and 7 days and Group III
      (46 patients, 43%) within 30 days. Fifty-nine patients (55%) had transmural
      infarction. The ejection fraction was less than 40% in 21 patients (19%). Left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 20 mm Hg or greater in 42 patients (39%).
      The incidence of single, double, triple vessel and 70% or greater left main
      coronary artery stenosis was 4, 20, 59 and 17%, respectively. There were two
      deaths (1.8%) within 30 days of operation. The incidence of intraaortic balloon
      pumping was higher in patients operated on earlier after myocardial infarction
      (53% of Group I versus 22% of Group III). Statistically, there were no
      differences in the use of inotropic agents or the occurrence of arrhythmias or
      postoperative myocardial infarction in the three groups. Late follow-up (mean 35
      months, range 18 to 98) is complete for all patients (100%). There were four late
      myocardial infarctions and eight deaths. Actuarial survival was 87% at 5 years.
      Seventy-three percent of the 108 patients were free of angina and the condition
      of 14% improved. These results indicate that myocardial revascularization in the
      first 30 days after myocardial infarction can be accomplished with morbidity and
      mortality rates similar to those of an elective operation for chronic angina
      refractory to medical management.

PMID- 4045036
TI  - Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in the young: clinical profile and natural
      history.
AB  - The clinical profile and course of documented cases of idiopathic dilated
      cardiomyopathy in children have been poorly characterized. Twenty-four patients
      (median age 2 years, range less than 1 month to 18 years) with idiopathic dilated
      cardiomyopathy were identified from Mayo Clinic records from 1973 to 1982. The
      most common presentation was congestive heart failure (92% of patients).
      Echocardiography (22 patients) generally revealed a dilated left ventricle with
      reduced fractional shortening (mean 14%) and ejection fraction (mean 26%). Two
      dimensional echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular thrombus was present
      in 3 (23%) of 13 patients. Median cardiac index and left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure (19 patients) were 2.5 liters/min per m2 and 22 mm Hg,
      respectively. Myocardial biopsy in eight patients showed nonspecific findings
      without active inflammation or evidence of endocardial fibroelastosis. On follow
      up (mean duration 33 months, range 0 to 149), systemic arterial embolism had
      occurred in 2 (8%) of 24 patients. Fifteen of 24 patients had died (63% survival
      at 1 year and 34% survival at 5 years of follow-up). The cause of death was
      congestive heart failure in 11, complications after cardiac transplantation in 3
      and sudden cardiac death in 1. Nine patients are alive at a mean follow-up time
      of 65 months (range 26 to 149); five are asymptomatic. Serial determination of
      left ventricular systolic function, available in all survivors, showed
      improvement in six patients and no significant change in three. Severe mitral
      insufficiency was present only in patients who ultimately died. A recent viral
      syndrome was noted more frequently in patients who survived.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045037
TI  - Doppler echocardiographic estimation of systolic pulmonary artery pressure in
      pediatric patients with interventricular communications.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate a noninvasive method for estimation of
      pulmonary artery pressures in infants and children with interventricular
      communications. Systolic pulmonary artery pressures measured by cardiac
      catheterization were compared with those estimated by Doppler echocardiography.
      Pressure drops were measured by Doppler study (modified Bernoulli equation) and
      were referenced to systolic systemic arterial pressure measured by
      sphygmomanometry. All 25 patients in this study had either a ventricular septal
      defect or a single ventricle. The systolic pulmonary artery pressure measured by
      cardiac catheterization ranged from 15 to 100 mm Hg (mean +/- SD 44 +/- 26) and
      that measured by Doppler echocardiography ranged from 5 to 100 mm Hg (mean 43 +/-
      26) (p = NS; r = 0.92; SEE = 9.9; slope = 0.92; y intercept = 4.7). Systolic
      pulmonary artery to aortic pressure ratio measured by cardiac catheterization
      ranged from 0.2 to 1.0 (mean 0.5 +/- 0.3) and that measured by Doppler
      echocardiography ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 (mean 0.5 +/- 0.3) (p = NS; r = 0.94; SEE
      = 0.09; slope = 0.90; y intercept = 0.04). This study demonstrates that Doppler
      echocardiography can closely approximate systolic pulmonary artery pressure in
      patients with interventricular communications.

PMID- 4045038
TI  - The Monostrut Bjork-Shiley heart valve.
AB  - To avoid the possibility of a fracture of the welded two-armed outflow strut of
      the Bjork-Shiley heart valve, since 1982 it has been machined from one piece of
      Haynes 25 in the form of a monostrut valve without welds. Of the first 864
      patients with a monostrut Bjork-Shiley valve implanted, 268 have now been
      followed up to 3 years. The clinical findings, as well as absence of hemolysis,
      excellent hemodynamics even with a narrow aortic root as demonstrated by
      transseptal cardiac catheterization and excellent functional improvement are
      reported. No valve thrombosis in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy was
      observed with valves in either the aortic or the mitral position and there was no
      case of mechanical failure.

PMID- 4045039
TI  - The third generation Carpentier-Edwards bioprosthesis: early results.
AB  - The current status of valve replacement was reviewed by analyzing six groups of
      100 consecutive patients, each receiving the standard Carpentier-Edwards
      bioprosthesis, the Starr-Edwards valve or the Bjork-Shiley valve in the mitral or
      aortic position and operated on by the same surgeons in the same institution
      during an identical time frame. Data were evaluated for valve failure,
      reoperation, thromboembolism and valve-related deaths. Long-term results up to 9
      years showed the superiority of bioprostheses over mechanical valves in terms of
      valve-related deaths and thromboembolic and anticoagulant complications for a
      similar rate of valve failure. Persistent drawbacks associated with valvular
      bioprostheses, namely, transvalvular gradients, limited durability and tissue
      calcification in young patients, led to continual improvements in valve design
      and preservation techniques and the development of the third generation
      Carpentier-Edwards bioprosthesis: the supraanular porcine valve and pericardial
      valve. The supraanular porcine valve was designed with the aim of decreasing the
      transvalvular gradient, decreasing turbulence, increasing longevity and
      decreasing calcification. The pericardial valve was designed with the aim of
      improving hemodynamics in small-sized orifices, improving mounting techniques to
      avoid fixation sutures at the commissures, achieving a flexible stent and
      improving preservation. Between July 1980 and October 1984, there were 391
      supraanular porcine and 61 pericardial valves implanted. The supraanular valves
      were used for three purposes: isolated aortic, isolated mitral and mitral valve
      replacement associated with tricuspid anuloplasty. The pericardial valves were
      used for isolated aortic valve replacement. Short-term results (1 to 4 years) are
      presented concerning the clinical use of these third generation bioprostheses.

PMID- 4045040
TI  - Localization of aortic dissection intimal flap by intraoperative two-dimensional
      echocardiography.
AB  - Ascending (type I) aortic dissection carries a high morbidity and mortality.
      Proper identification of the proximal origin of the dissection and determination
      of concomitant aortic valve involvement significantly facilitate surgical repair,
      which may improve survival. In this case, intraoperative two-dimensional
      echocardiography with contrast injections was used to image the heart and great
      vessels before and after cardiopulmonary bypass. The proximal origin of the
      intimal flap of a type I dissection was identified, and primary aortic valve
      disease was excluded. Postprocedure intraoperative echocardiography demonstrated
      that the site of repair was imaged and that aortic regurgitation was absent.
      Intraoperative contrast two-dimensional echocardiography may be a valuable new
      tool to provide information otherwise unavailable by routine techniques.

PMID- 4045041
TI  - Ultrasound diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm and contiguous ventricular septal defect
      complicating inferior myocardial infarction.
AB  - Two patients with recent inferior myocardial infarction were found by two
      dimensional and Doppler echocardiography to have both an inferior wall
      pseudoaneurysm and a contiguous rupture of the posterior ventricular septum. The
      pseudoaneurysm was not suspected clinically in either patient. In one patient, a
      complex or dissecting septal rupture was visualized in detail. To our knowledge,
      the combined defect has not previously been diagnosed during life by noninvasive
      methods.

PMID- 4045042
TI  - Subvalvular left ventricular pseudoaneurysm after mitral valve replacement: two
      dimensional echocardiographic findings.
AB  - Disruption of the posterior mitral anulus is a rare complication of mitral valve
      replacement that may result in subvalvular left ventricular pseudoaneurysm
      formation. Such pseudoaneurysm formation was easily recognized by two-dimensional
      echocardiography in a 54 year old man 3 years after his second mitral valve
      replacement. The finding was confirmed by cineangiography and direct surgical
      inspection. Recognition of this rare complication of mitral valve replacement has
      therapeutic importance because surgical correction is necessary.

PMID- 4045044
TI  - Variant angina in an 11 year old boy. I. Evaluation of chest pain in children.

PMID- 4045043
TI  - The minimally appropriate electrophysiologic study for the initial assessment of
      patients with documented sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 4045045
TI  - Variant angina in an 11 year old boy. II. Sickle cell trait.

PMID- 4045046
TI  - High dose intravenous streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction: preliminary
      results of a multicenter trial.
AB  - To assess the efficacy of intravenous streptokinase in patients with acute
      myocardial infarction, 40 patients (30 men and 10 women, mean age 54 years) with
      acute myocardial infarction were given 1.5 million U of streptokinase
      intravenously in 1 hour, and coronary arteriography was performed repeatedly to
      assess reperfusion. Streptokinase treatment was begun 270 +/- 86 (mean +/- SD)
      minutes after the onset of chest pain. Of the 40 patients, 34 had total or near
      total coronary occlusion before streptokinase administration. In 14 (41%) of
      these 34 patients, some reperfusion occurred during the 90 minutes after the
      administration of streptokinase, but in only 11 of the 14 was reperfusion present
      at 90 minutes. After streptokinase administration, all patients received heparin
      for 8 to 10 days; they were subsequently administered aspirin and dipyridamole.
      Clinical evidence of reocclusion during the first 24 hours of heparin therapy
      occurred in one patient. Thus, when given to patients with acute myocardial
      infarction and total coronary occlusion an average of 4 1/2 hours after the onset
      of chest pain, high dose intravenous streptokinase achieves reperfusion in only
      about 40% and results in sustained reperfusion in only about 30%.

PMID- 4045047
TI  - Association of digitalis therapy with mortality in survivors of acute myocardial
      infarction: observations in the Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial.
AB  - The influence of digitalis therapy on survivors of acute myocardial infarction
      was examined in the placebo-treated patients from the Beta-Blocker Heart Attack
      Trial (BHAT). Two hundred fifty (13%) of the 1,921 placebo-treated patients were
      receiving digitalis at the time of randomization. Patients receiving digitalis
      differed from those not receiving digitalis in such baseline characteristics as
      age, prior history of heart failure, prior myocardial infarction and angina
      pectoris. They also experienced a higher proportion of in-hospital complications
      including pulmonary edema, persistent hypotension, atrial fibrillation and heart
      failure in addition to a greater prevalence of complex ventricular premature
      beats. The total mortality rate over a mean 25 month follow-up period for
      digitalis-treated patients was 20.4% compared with 8.2% for patients not
      receiving digitalis; the odds ratio was 2.87 (p less than 0.05). When the
      mortality rates were adjusted for heart failure and ventricular premature beat
      complexity, patients receiving digitalis again demonstrated a higher mortality
      rate, although the adjusted odds ratio was now lower (1.70). When the patients
      receiving or not receiving digitalis were compared by a multiple logistic
      regression analysis adjusting for 17 independent variables predictive of
      mortality, the use of digitalis was no longer independently predictive of total
      mortality (adjusted odds ratio 1.07). These data indicate that patients receiving
      digitalis had more extensive cardiovascular disease and greater morbidity than
      patients not receiving digitalis. Their subsequent higher mortality rate was
      probably related to these factors rather than to digitalis therapy.

PMID- 4045048
TI  - A prospective clinical, scintigraphic, angiographic and functional evaluation of
      patients after inferior myocardial infarction with and without right ventricular
      dysfunction.
AB  - To elucidate the functional and prognostic significance of right ventricular
      dysfunction after acute inferior wall myocardial infarction, 74 consecutive
      patients with inferior infarction were prospectively evaluated with gated
      equilibrium blood pool imaging at rest, submaximal exercise thallium-201
      scintigraphy and coronary angiography before hospital discharge. In addition,
      symptom-limited stress thallium-201 scintigraphy was performed in 61 patients at
      3 months, and all patients were followed up clinically for 23 +/- 15 months.
      Utilizing predetermined radionuclide angiographic criteria, 47 patients (Group I)
      had normal right ventricular function, 12 patients (Group II) had mild to
      moderate dysfunction and 15 patients (Group III) had severe right ventricular
      dysfunction. There were no significant differences among the groups with regard
      to age, history of prior myocardial infarction, peak creatine kinase values,
      maximal Killip functional class, number or type of in-hospital complications,
      left ventricular ejection fraction, prevalence of multivessel disease or the
      distribution and severity of disease affecting the infarct-related vessel.
      Exercise tolerance as assessed by treadmill time, blood pressure-heart rate
      product and peak work load in METS was comparable among the three groups, both
      before hospital discharge and at 3 month follow-up. No differences in indicators
      of exercise-induced ischemia were noted among the groups, including the
      prevalence of redistribution thallium-201 defects, ST segment depression or
      symptoms of chest pain. Finally, cardiac mortality, reinfarction rate and the
      incidence of medically refractory angina pectoris were similar in the three
      groups. Thus, right ventricular dysfunction after acute inferior wall myocardial
      infarction does not appear to limit exercise tolerance or identify a subgroup of
      patients at higher risk for recurrent cardiac events.

PMID- 4045050
TI  - Long-term effects of divorce and remarriage on the adjustment of children.

PMID- 4045049
TI  - The saga of BHT and BHA in life extension myths.
AB  - The phenolic antioxidants BHT and BHA have been widely used for many years in
      small concentrations for foods, pharmaceutical preparations and cosmetic products
      to prevent oxidation of labile lipoid components. Recently, in an aggressive
      campaign, daily 2 g doses of these compounds have been recommended, without
      scientific grounds, to combat senescence, genital herpes and cancer. However,
      information in the bio-medical literature reveals that the recommended human dose
      of 2 g/day is simply one order of magnitude below the lethal dose in animals.
      Obviously, these high dose levels, if not immediately lethal for humans, must
      produce pathological effects. Physicians and health authorities should be
      familiar with the consequences of prolonged administration of large doses of BHT
      and BHA and forbid their use except as fat stabilizers for food and
      pharmaceutical products.

PMID- 4045051
TI  - Divorce and mental health sequelae for children: a two-year follow-up of a
      nationwide sample.

PMID- 4045052
TI  - Implications of parental divorce for female development.

PMID- 4045053
TI  - Children of divorce: preliminary report of a ten-year follow-up of older children
      and adolescents.

PMID- 4045054
TI  - A study of parents who sought joint custody following divorce: who reaches
      agreement and sustains joint custody and who returns to court.

PMID- 4045055
TI  - Latency children in post-separation and divorce disputes.

PMID- 4045056
TI  - Custody in dispute: legal and psychological profiles of contesting families.

PMID- 4045057
TI  - Theory and method: the use of psychological tests in research on divorce.

PMID- 4045058
TI  - Brain impairment in child psychiatric disorders: correspondencies between
      neuropsychological and CT scan results.

PMID- 4045059
TI  - Prediction of videotelemetry productivity from clinical screening parameters.

PMID- 4045060
TI  - Multiple somatic complaints and possible somatization disorder in prepubertal
      children.

PMID- 4045061
TI  - Infants and toddlers in supervised custody: a pilot study of visitation.

PMID- 4045062
TI  - Teacher ratings of attention problems in children experimentally classified as
      exhibiting attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity.

PMID- 4045063
TI  - Conceptualization of conscience in 11-12-year-olds.

PMID- 4045064
TI  - An approach to evaluating adolescent adaptive processes: scale development and
      reliability.

PMID- 4045065
TI  - Infantile autism in monozygotic twins.

PMID- 4045066
TI  - Employment of child and adult psychiatrists in community mental health centers.

PMID- 4045067
TI  - Children's legal rights as research subjects.

PMID- 4045068
TI  - Therapeutic issues in sexual abuse.

PMID- 4045069
TI  - Defining the role of therapists in disputes.

PMID- 4045070
TI  - Recruiting minority students into dietetics: an outreach and education project.

PMID- 4045071
TI  - Weight gain and dietary intake of pregnant teenagers.
AB  - Data on weight gain during pregnancy were obtained for 145 subjects aged 13 to 19
      years attending a teen obstetric clinic or one of four school programs for
      pregnant teenagers. Social and dietary intake data were collected from 57 of the
      subjects. Mean weight gain (37 +/- 16 lb) and infant birth weight (3,377 +/- 480
      gm) were high. Maternal age was not related to weight gain or birth weight, but
      infants of subjects with a gynecologic age of less than 3 years were
      significantly lower in birth weight. When the father of the baby had a positive
      reaction to the pregnancy, both weight gain and birth weight were significantly
      higher. On the average, consumption from all food groups except dark green
      vegetables was adequate. Mean caloric and protein intakes based on one 24-hour
      recall per subject were 2,822 +/- 1,035 kcal and 110 +/- 48 gm, respectively.
      Mean intakes of all calculated nutrients except iron exceeded the RDAs. Dietary
      quality was better among subjects attending school programs that placed a greater
      emphasis on nutrition.

PMID- 4045072
TI  - Cluster analysis to improve food classification within commodity groups.
AB  - Mathematical clustering algorithms were used to classify foods within dairy,
      grain, and fat commodity groups on the basis of nutrients with limited
      availability in the food supply as well as those posing a possible health risk
      due to excess consumption. The procedure overcomes the problem that has made
      objective and accurate grouping, i.e., dealing simultaneously with 10 or more
      nutrients, difficult. The clustering routine classifies foods on the basis of
      similar nutrient content for any number of food attributes and assigns a degree
      of association to each food to indicate its compositional similarity to a
      prototype food for the cluster group. Foods within dairy, grain, and fat
      commodity groups were clustered on the basis of similar content of vitamin B-6,
      calcium, iron, magnesium, folacin, zinc, and added sugar, fat, cholesterol, and
      sodium. Whole milk and natural cheese clustered together on the basis of their
      moderate nutrient and relatively high fat and sodium content. Whole wheat breads,
      pumpernickel bread, and pancakes from mix constituted a grain subgroup with
      highest nutrient content, lowest cholesterol and sugar, lower fat, and higher
      sodium. Other subgroups based upon similarities in attributes were identified
      within food commodity categories. The result is an expansion of some food groups
      to incorporate concepts of both nutritional adequacy and moderation of food
      components of current nutritional concern.

PMID- 4045074
TI  - Quality assurance audit: sodium-restricted menus.
AB  - A quality assurance audit was performed to evaluate the accuracy of prescribed
      sodium-restricted diets received by hospitalized patients. Sodium values were
      identified for all items on the audited sodium-restricted menu. Actual sodium
      values of the items to be served in a 24-hour period were tabulated from 48 menus
      after they had been corrected by the nutrition care clerk and compared with the
      prescribed sodium level. An acceptable variation of calculated sodium level vs.
      prescribed sodium level was determined to be plus or minus 10%. Of the sampled
      menus, 14.6% fell within this range, 22.9% were above, and 62.5% were below the
      standard set. Results of the audit led to training of clerks in calculation of
      sodium-restricted menus and inservice programs for all employees involved in
      patient foodservice regarding sodium-restricted diets. The results of a reaudit
      performed using the same methods showed a decrease to 12.2% of the menus above
      the standard and an increase to 26.8% in the number that met the standard,
      indicating increased accuracy of sodium-restricted diets.

PMID- 4045073
TI  - A group method for obtaining dietary recalls of children.
AB  - A self-administered workbook for dietary assessment in small groups was compared
      with 24-hour dietary recall interviews. Forty-seven 10- to 18-year-olds, in
      groups of 5 to 8, recorded consumptions during the previous 24 hours and
      responded to individual recall interviews. Photographs and names of foods served
      as probes. Standardized food models were used to estimate portions. Nutritionists
      calculated gram amounts of foods and beverages consumed and analyzed diets for
      nutrient intakes. Significantly higher niacin (17.4 mg vs. 15.8 mg, p less than
      .05) and slightly higher protein, animal protein, carbohydrate, and cholesterol
      (N.S.) were estimated by the group workbook method. Correlations for individual
      dietary components ranged from 0.69 to 0.93. Dinner accounted for most
      differences, with statistically greater mean intakes of nine dietary components
      shown by the workbook method. Thirty-four dinner foods (8%) were not listed in
      common by the two methods. Sixty-six foods (15%) listed by the two methods had
      differing gram amounts. Improvements should include increased parental
      verification of the evening meal, additional training with food models, and
      periodic rest sessions. The workbook method may expand the time frame studied per
      individual and increase the number of eating periods examined. Replicate
      examinations per individual provide measurement of intra-individual variation.
      This method has applications in studies for which large samples or repeated
      measures are required.

PMID- 4045075
TI  - Entry-level dietitians' salaries and benefits: comparisons with those of other
      selected health care professionals.
AB  - Data on salaries and fringe benefits of entry-level hospital dietitians were
      provided by surveys sent to personnel administrators in seven Midwestern states.
      In September 1982, the annual mean salary offered to dietitians awaiting
      registration was +16,472, whereas that for entry-level registered dietitians
      (R.D.s) was +17,250. In the smallest hospitals, annual mean salaries for R.D.s
      were lowest; non-metropolitan salaries were 2.8% lower than the metropolitan
      salaries. The salaries of entry-level R.D.s increased 54% from 1977 to 1982,
      while the Consumer Price Index (CPl), North Central, increased 59.7%. Salaries
      for selected entry-level health professionals ranked in decreasing order as
      follows: pharmacist, physical therapist, occupational therapist, social worker,
      staff nurse, dietitian, medical technologist, and respiratory therapist.
      Nationally, the entry-level dietitian's mean annual salary was +630 higher than
      that of the Midwestern dietitian. The increase in the national CPl from 1977 to
      1982 was 57%, while the increase in the dietitian's salary was 48%. Leave time
      generally included 12 sick days, 2 weeks' vacation, 6 holidays, and 3 personal
      days per year. Employers contribute various amounts to life, health, and dental
      insurance costs. Discounts often were permitted on various hospital services.
      More than 80% of the hospitals surveyed provided some reimbursement for
      continuing education, and 74% permitted educational leaves of absence.

PMID- 4045076
TI  - Phenylketonuria, adolescence, and diet.
AB  - The decision to continue treatment for phenylketonuria (PKU) patients into
      adolescence and adulthood presents a challenge to nutritionists and other
      professionals who must motivate patients to maintain the diet and give them
      support. Nutrition needs must be assessed and then met by commercial low
      phenylalanine formula and low-protein foods, while at the same time the amount of
      phenylalanine in the diet is severely limited. Combinations of products can be
      used to tailor the diet to individual needs, e.g., weight reduction. The
      objective is to allow the intellectually normal PKU patient to develop as
      socially normal a life-style as possible.

PMID- 4045077
TI  - The dietitian vs. food faddism: an educational challenge.

PMID- 4045078
TI  - Computerized nutrient analysis for foodservice.
AB  - The need for computerized nutrient analysis does differ depending on the type of
      foodservice institution. Variation in the menu cycles, type of funding,
      experience with computers, number and type of clientele fed, and the limited
      number of respondents affiliated with various institutions make it difficult to
      recommend a standard nutrient analysis software system. Additionally, the
      researchers frequently noted two obstacles to computerization of foodservice and
      nutrition departments: (a) respondents believe their institutions or departments
      are too small for computers, and (b) there is limited knowledge about computers
      and nutrient analysis. It is hoped that foodservice personnel can use the
      information from this study to learn of features available in nutrient analysis
      programs and that professionals can use it in designing and marketing nutrient
      analysis software.

PMID- 4045079
TI  - Temperature preferences for a single entree.

PMID- 4045080
TI  - An integrated approach to correctional foodservice training.

PMID- 4045081
TI  - Very-low-protein diets in chronic renal failure: nutrient content and guidelines
      for supplementation.
AB  - The possibility that supplemented, very-low-protein diets may slow the
      progression of CRF increases the importance of that type of diet therapy (1). If
      the results are confirmed in large numbers of patients, it is likely that the
      supplements will become commercially available and will be used widely to treat
      patients with progressive renal failure. Adequate vitamin and mineral
      supplementation will be necessary in order to maintain good nutritional status.
      On the basis of previously reported data and the present results, supplemental
      thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B-12, folic acid, pyridoxine, calcium, and
      possibly iron and zinc are recommended for patients treated with these very-low
      protein diets. These recommendations are preliminary and may be altered as more
      long-term data are collected on the vitamin and mineral status of CRF patients.

PMID- 4045082
TI  - Overestimation of diastolic blood pressure in the elderly. Magnitude of the
      problem and a potential solution.
AB  - Indirect sphygmomanometric blood pressure measurement is the established method
      of diagnosing and monitoring hypertension, but it may overestimate the true blood
      pressure in certain elderly patients leading to unnecessary or excessive
      treatment. The authors studied 36 elderly (aged 60 years or older) hypertensive
      men and compared direct intraarterial diastolic blood pressure (DBP) measurements
      with indirect DBP measurements obtained concurrently by a standard mercury
      sphygmomanometer and also by an automatic blood pressure recorder to: assess the
      presence and degree of overestimation of DBP by indirect cuff measurement, and
      evaluate an alternative noninvasive method. The difference between
      sphygmomanometric and intraarterial DBP was 10 mmHg or greater in 14 of 36
      patients, whereas that between the automatic recorder and intraarterial DBP was
      10 mmHg or greater in 14 of 36 patients, whereas the between the automatic
      recorder and intraarterial DBP was 10 mmHg or greater in only three of 36
      patients (P less than 0.05). Fourteen patients (39%) had a DBP of greater than or
      equal to 90 mmHg by the mercury sphygmomanometer compared with five patients
      (14%) by intraarterial measurement (P less than 0.05); only seven patients (19%)
      had a DBP of greater than or equal to 90 mmHg by the automatic recorder (P = .7).
      Thus, in the authors' patient population: indirect sphygmomanometer overestimated
      the frequency of elevated DBP by nearly threefold compared with intraarterial
      measurements, and the automatic recorder closely approximated intraarterial
      values offering a more accurate, noninvasive measure of DBP in the elderly.

PMID- 4045083
TI  - Decreasing the burden in families caring for a relative with a dementing illness.
      A controlled study.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a specifically
      designed group support program for relatives of patients with Alzheimer's disease
      and related disorders. The group program included educational/supportive
      activities and used basic principles of the cognitive-behavioral approach. Twenty
      two subjects participated in an eight-session program. Eighteen control subjects
      received no treatment. Measures of family burden, levels of depression, and
      knowledge of dementia were obtained. Experimental subjects showed a significant
      decrease in total family burden, whereas control subjects actually showed a
      significant increase, experimental subjects also showed reduction in their levels
      of depression. Experimental subjects showed a significantly greater improvement
      than did control subjects on knowledge of dementia. The acquisition of new
      knowledge was an important ingredient in reducing perception of burden and levels
      of depression, but other facets of the intervention also accounted for the
      improvement. Results indicated that a relatively short but intensive support
      experience can have a positive effect in reducing some of the burden and
      depression associated with the care of a demented relative.

PMID- 4045084
TI  - Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization. Is it different in the
      elderly?
AB  - The authors studied 138 patients, 57 of whom were younger than 65 years of age
      and 81 who were 65 years of age and older, with community-acquired pneumonia to
      determine whether or not such pneumonia is different in the elderly and to define
      how such patients are investigated and treated. Pneumonia in the elderly was
      characterized by a higher mortality, 30 v 10%; more likely to be of unknown
      etiology, 54 v 30%; and more likely to show radiographic progression after the
      patient had been admitted to the hospital, 48 v 11%. In addition, elderly
      patients were more likely to be afebrile when admitted, 57 v 26%. Twenty-seven
      etiologic categories were present in 77 patients in whom a cause for the
      pneumonia was established. Streptococcus pneumoniae accounted for 9.4% of the
      pneumonia overall and for 27% of the pneumonia among patients who had sputum
      cultures performed before antibiotic therapy. The diagnostic yield was 11.6% for
      blood cultures, 38.2% for sputum cultures, 2.3% for throat washing, and 22.1% for
      serological studies. Twenty-seven percent of patients were receiving antibiotics
      of the time of admission to the hospital. Most (79%) received more than one
      antibiotic after admission. This study indicates that community-acquired
      pneumonia is a serious illness and that an algorithm approach to diagnosis and
      treatment of such pneumonia is necessary.

PMID- 4045085
TI  - Use of a structured functional assessment format in a geriatric consultative
      service.
AB  - Interdisciplinary team assessment may not be feasible in the consultative setting
      because of scarce institutional resources. We explored the extent to which a
      physician-administered multifaceted assessment could meet the needs of a
      geriatric consultative service and also provide for the comprehensive functional
      assessment of elderly patients. Fifty-one consecutive patients, mean age 78, were
      evaluated. Domains measured included physical and mental health, socioeconomic
      resources, and activities of daily living. Despite a majority of consult requests
      for transfer of seemingly stable patients, unrecognized remediable problems were
      identified in most cases. Compliance with the consultant's recommendations was
      consistently poor, averaging less than 33% for all of the domains assessed. Nine
      of the study patients subsequently were transferred to the care of an
      interdisciplinary team on the geriatric assessment unit. Numbers and types of
      problems identified by the geriatric consultation using a structured assessment
      format allows for the comprehensive and efficient disclosure of pertinent
      management issues. Improved compliance with consultant recommendations may be
      effected by better education of care providers to the special needs of the
      geriatric population.

PMID- 4045086
TI  - Prognosis of subjects in the Framingham Study with rheumatic heart disease.
AB  - One hundred thirteen of the original Framingham Heart Study cohort, aged 30 to 62
      years, were identified as having valvular heart disease of presumed rheumatic
      etiology. All of these subjects, and a sample of age- and sex-matched controls,
      were accounted for during 34 years between 1950 and 1984. Although subjects with
      rheumatic heart disease had significantly higher mortality and serious morbidity
      than did those in the control group, 36 of the 113 (31.9%) rheumatic heart
      disease subjects survived at the end of this period as compared with 52.7% of the
      control subjects.

PMID- 4045087
TI  - Screening the elderly. A brief instrumental activities of daily living measure.
AB  - Although multidimensional functional assessment may be the route of choice in
      determining the personal status of the elderly and the services they need, the
      majority of the elderly are well and competent, making it hard to justify routine
      extensive assessment with its attendant costs. Described herein is a brief,
      valid, and reliable five-item screener based on instrumental activities of daily
      living which can rapidly identify elderly community residents with impaired
      functional capacity, and which, because of its substantial correlation with
      physical health (r = .54 to .55), mental health (r = .54 to .60), and
      predictability of death can identify those for whom more extensive assessment is
      warranted. Use of such a brief screener should result in better targeting of
      elderly in need of service, facilitate coordinated and efficient health care
      delivery, and maintain the functional independence of the elderly.

PMID- 4045088
TI  - Limited-treatment policies in long-term care facilities.
AB  - Two-thirds of the long-term care facilities in Minnesota accept do-not
      resuscitate (DNR) orders and 73% accept care plans to limit medical treatment.
      The major objectives for limited-treatment plans cited by the 16.3% of facilities
      with administrative protocols for such plans was to provide for the resident's
      physical and emotional comfort and dignity. Nearly half of the protocols said
      limited treatment plans were intended to limit emergency care or hospitalization
      or to allow death to occur. Protocols advocated the alleviation of physical
      discomfort, anxiety, and social isolation. Tube feedings were not recommended
      when oral feeding became impossible. Airway suctioning, oxygen, or antibiotic
      treatment was suggested only as needed to alleviate suffering. Only a fourth of
      the protocols described a primary role for the resident in these decisions. This
      study demonstrates that nursing homes are developing administrative protocols for
      the formulation of limited-treatment plans and suggests that model policy
      statements describing key decision-making principles, issues, and procedural
      safeguards could play a constructive role in this process.

PMID- 4045089
TI  - Penile laceration from a Foley catheter.
AB  - Traction-induced penile laceration has not been reported previously as a
      complication of long-term indwelling Foley catheterization. Four occurrences of
      this injury in three elderly, demented patients were observed in an acute-care
      Geriatric Evaluation Unit. The most severe case, a nearly complete transverse
      laceration of the glans, reepithelialized but did not reapproximate. In the other
      cases, a laceration along the median raphe reapproximated. In all cases, local
      treatment was successful in effecting healing, and none of the patients exhibited
      signs or symptoms of systemic illness. These injuries were caused by prolonged
      traction on the unsecured Foley between the inflated balloon and the weighted
      collection system producing a local ischemic necrosis. This complication can be
      prevented by securing the Foley to the patient with tape, ensuring that the
      drainage system is properly supported, and by attention to patient position.

PMID- 4045090
TI  - Brief screening of the elderly.

PMID- 4045092
TI  - On senility.

PMID- 4045091
TI  - Lingering traces of rheumatic fever.

PMID- 4045093
TI  - Hip fracture caused by a companion animal.

PMID- 4045094
TI  - A comparison of the acute toxicity of chemicals to fish, rats and mice.
AB  - The acute toxicity of chemicals to rainbow trout, as shown by intraperitoneal
      injections (IP LD50), oral dosing (oral LD50) and aqueous exposure (LC50) was
      compared with published values for IP LD50S and oral LD50S of mice and rats. The
      method of comparison was by simple linear regression analyses of log-transformed
      data, modified to recognize that X (fish toxicity) was neither fixed nor measured
      without error. Within-species comparisons demonstrated very strong linear
      correlations (r = 0.866-0.998) between IP and oral LD50S. Variability was least
      for the fish data since it was all generated in one laboratory. Comparisons
      between species of IP and oral LD50S gave correlation coefficients ranging from
      0.59 to 0.95 with the majority over 0.80. Correlations were best (r = 0.83-0.94)
      between fish LD50S and rat and mice IP LD50S. Correlations were poorest between
      fish and mammalian oral LD50S (r = 0.59-0.66) because the sample sizes and the
      ranges of values were very small. In all cases, the slopes were close to, or
      equalled, 1.0. Comparisons of fish LC50S to fish or mammalian LD50S were not as
      successful. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.19 to 0.83. Presumably the
      cause was the aqueous exposure. Interactions of the chemicals with water (e.g.
      dissociation) and with lipid membranes (partitioning) should cause considerable
      variations in uptake efficiency. However, adjustments of LC50S for dissociation
      constants and partition coefficients did not improve these correlations, probably
      because there were few chemicals for which all data were available. These
      comparisons demonstrate a potential for a wider use of surrogate species in
      toxicity testing and for adapting existing data from mammalian toxicology to
      aquatic hazard assessments.

PMID- 4045095
TI  - The efficacy of three non-mammalian test systems in the identification of
      chemical teratogens.
AB  - This report concerns an evaluation of three in vitro teratogenesis tests: the
      Dugesia regeneration assay, the Hydra reaggregation assay and the Xenopus embryo
      assay. Our approach involves the establishment and/or refinement of test
      protocols, definition of endpoints, and evaluation of test performance by
      comparison with available results of in vivo mammalian studies. Chemicals used
      for preliminary evaluation studies were the known mammalian teratogens,
      vinblastine sulfate (VIN) and hydroxyurea (HU), a coeffective teratogen, cadmium
      chloride (Cd), and an National Toxicology Program priority chemical, 9
      aminoacridine hydrochloride (9AA). The Dugesia assay takes advantage of the
      ability of beheaded flatworms to regenerate and can be completed in 7-14 days.
      Concentrations of VIN of 3.2 mg 1(-1) inhibited auricle formation and further
      regeneration observed in 3-6 days. Similarly, eyespot and auricle formation was
      blocked by HU (180 mg 1(-1) ). The duration of regeneration, measured as the time
      elapsed between decapitation and eye-spot formation (control = 5 days), was
      extended by 1-4 days during exposure to 9AA. Sublethal Cd had little effect on
      regeneration. The Hydra assay is an evaluation of the ability of dissociated
      cells to regenerate complete organisms when randomly reassociated. A teratogenic
      test substance is detected by observing the ratio of the minimal effective
      concentrations of a substance between intact organisms and regenerates. Compounds
      with a ratio greater than 2.0 are potential teratogens. The ratios determined for
      9AA, VIN, HU and Cd, respectively, were 10.0, 4.0, 2.7 and 1.2. These results
      indicate that the first three compounds tested positive for
      teratogenesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045096
TI  - Detection of teratogenic substances in acidic mine water samples using the frog
      embryo teratogenesis assay--Xenopus (FETAX).
AB  - The FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay--Xenopus) whole embryo bioassay has
      been developed to screen for environmental substances that cause birth defects.
      We have used this assay to test its effectiveness in working with actual water
      samples from the field. Tar Creek is contaminated by discharges from abandoned
      lead and zinc mines. In addition to high concentrations of zinc, iron and other
      metals, water samples are routinely low in pH and oxygen content. The pH values
      of three Tar Creek sample sites were below the established tolerance limits of
      the embryos. Therefore, one group of samples had no pH adjustment while a second
      group had the pH adjusted to 7.0. Two of the four sites contained agents that
      reduced embryonic growth and caused high rates of mortality. A third site
      contained teratogenic substances. We have determined that metal content is
      responsible, along with the low pH, for the biologic effects. We have identified
      high concentrations of toxic metals in Tar Creek by water analysis and were able
      to demonstrate, by removing metals via Chelex 100 ion exchange chromatography,
      that the observed toxicity and teratogenicity were caused by metal ions. We have
      concluded that FETAX is an excellent test for complex mixtures. Physicochemical
      parameters, such as pH, oxygen and metals content, can be altered and the effect
      of these changes on toxicity and teratogenicity determined using FETAX. The
      interaction of toxic substances and low pH are important when considering embryo
      survival and development.

PMID- 4045097
TI  - Potential uses of sea urchin embryos for identifying toxic chemicals: description
      of a bioassay incorporating cytologic, cytogenetic and embryologic endpoints.
AB  - A method for evaluating pollutant genotoxicity, embryotoxicity and teratogenicity
      using sea urchin embryos has been developed and was tested using benzo(a)pyrene
      (BP). Initial results suggested that the bioassay may be a sensitive indicator of
      pollutant toxicity and mutagenicity since several endpoints can be simultaneously
      assessed. The bioassay is rapid, inexpensive and appears applicable to a variety
      of toxicants and delivery methods. The test is based upon the standard 48 h sea
      urchin development assay and incorporates cytologic-cytogenetic analysis of
      embryos. Following toxic exposure of gametes, fertilization success is assessed.
      Embryos then develop for 48 h at which time survival and teratogenesis are
      evaluated. A subsample of embryos is stained and dissociated into monolayers and
      mitotic configurations are examined using light microscopy. Embryo mitotic rates
      are used as an indicator of overall embryonic health. Cytotoxic effects are
      concomitantly evaluated. Genotoxicity is measured using two methods: (1) anaphase
      aberration analysis, a technique which assesses abnormalities in the chromosome
      configurations (such as bridges and fragments) as the groups of chromosomes move
      to opposite poles and (2) micronucleus formation, a procedure examining the
      incidence of smaller, secondary nuclei composed of whole chromosomes or chromatid
      fragments. These two measurements preclude the need to examine individual
      chromosomes for deletions and exchanges, a laborious process in most aquatic
      organisms which possess numerous relatively small chromosomes. This genotoxicity
      teratogenicity test appears promising for laboratory evaluations of individual
      substances or of complex chemical mixtures as well as for environmental
      monitoring of nearshore areas. The standard development assay has been used to
      screen pharmaceuticals and environmental contaminants and some recent
      investigations have included mitotic aberration analysis. Experiments in our
      laboratory suggest that the genotoxicity-teratogenicity test may be a feasible
      approach to field monitoring. Mutagen loads of spawning adult urchins could be
      assessed by conducting cytologic-cytogenetic analysis of resulting embryos
      although initial studies suggest that this method is less sensitive than direct
      embryo exposures.

PMID- 4045098
TI  - Development of aquarium fish models for environmental carcinogenesis: an
      intermittent-flow exposure system for volatile, hydrophobic chemicals.
AB  - An intermittent-flow exposure system was designed to provide stable and
      manipulative concentrations of volatile and hydrophobic compounds to small
      aquatic animals for uninterrupted long periods. Test species for 28-day
      experiments included two aquarium fishes, the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)
      and the king cobra guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Test chemicals included
      trichloroethylene, vinylidene chloride, bis(2-chloroethyl)ether, ethylene
      dichloride, and a mixture of carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, chloroform,
      bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane and bromoform. These compounds are
      drinking water biorefractories and are potentially carcinogenic. Concentrated
      aqueous toxicant solutions, delivered from a remote triple carboy dispensing
      system, were mixed with diluent water within an isolated chamber containing
      exposure aquaria and test fish. Toxicant concentrations measured throughout each
      exposure period proved to be stable within acceptable variability ranges as
      indicated by coefficients of variation generally less than 15%.

PMID- 4045099
TI  - Development of aquarium fish models for environmental carcinogenesis: tumor
      induction in seven species.
AB  - For small fish species to be utilized as models for carcinogenicity testing they
      should be capable of developing neoplasms, preferably in multiple tissues, when
      exposed to known carcinogens. Seven species of small fish were exposed to
      methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM-Ac) and tumor development was monitored.
      Specimens 6-10 days old were exposed to nominal concentrations of MAM-Ac up to
      100 mg 1(-1) for 2 h, then transferred to carcinogen-free water. Hepatic
      neoplasms developed in the Japanese medaka, guppy, sheepshead minnow, Gulf
      killifish, inland silverside, rivulus, and fathead minnow. Additionally,
      neoplasms occurred in other organs and tissues of the medaka (retina, various
      mesenchymal tissues, exocrine pancreas, kidney, and nervous tissue), guppy
      (mesenchymal tissue, exocrine pancreas, and kidney), and sheepshead minnow
      (choroid gland, mesenchymal tissues, and nervous tissue). All tumors were
      diagnosed in specimens within 1 year post-exposure. Early signs of liver tumors
      appeared in medaka and guppy at about 1 month post-exposure. These studies show
      that both medaka and guppy would be good models because they appear sensitive to
      carcinogens, develop tumors in multiple tissues and are easy to breed and
      maintain. Certain other small fish species also may prove to be good models
      because of habitat preferences, breeding strategies, or genetic attributes.

PMID- 4045100
TI  - Pathology and tumor development through time in guppies dosed with
      diethylnitrosamine (DEN).
AB  - Within the last decade unusually high frequencies of neoplasms have been reported
      in feral fish populations from a variety of locations. At many of these locations
      organic carcinogens have been noted as a potential cause. We sought to identify
      toxic effects including neoplasia in fish exposed to an organic carcinogen, and
      to quantify these effects through time. We exposed guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
      to multiple doses of DEN, an organic carcinogen. Fish were then subsampled and
      examined for liver histopathology at 2-month intervals over 12 months. Necrotic
      zones, macrophage centers, bile duct proliferations, enlarged lipid deposits,
      neoplastic foci, cholangiocarcinomas and hepatoblastomas were quantified by
      frequency of occurrence and the percentage of liver area involved. DEN toxicity
      resulted in necrotic zones that peaked in frequency at the first sample period (2
      months). Lipid deposits increased, then plateaued in guppies, indicating a more
      chronic toxic effect. Similarly, macrophage centers increased through the
      sampling period. Bile duct proliferation appeared to be of two types: a
      reversible toxic response which peaked at 4 months and then declined and a less
      frequent irreversible proliferation which continued to develop into
      cholangiocarcinoma. Neoplastic foci of mixed hepatocytes and cholangiocytes
      increased in livers of exposed guppies from the second month, developing into
      hepatoblastomas, which occurred in almost 100% of exposed guppies by the twelfth
      month. The irreversible bile duct proliferations and the neoplastic foci had
      cellular densities different from corresponding control tissue and similar to
      cellular densities of cholangiocarcinomas and hepatoblastomas, respectively.

PMID- 4045101
TI  - Overlap of segmental populations and axon collaterals in the thoracic sympathetic
      system of the cat.
AB  - Sympathetic preganglionic axons are known to branch in the sympathetic chain,
      i.e. extraspinally. The possibility that the axons may branch within the spinal
      cord (intraspinally) and exit through different roots has not been well examined.
      The purpose of this study was to determine if intraspinal collaterals exist in
      the distribution of preganglionic neurons innervating the stellate ganglion of
      the cat using the double-labeled retrograde fluorescent dye technique (Diamidino
      Yellow and Fast Blue). The right stellate ganglion of pentobarbital-anesthetized
      cats was isolated; the sympathetic chain was ligated in two places just caudal to
      the T2 white ramus and then sectioned between the ligatures. One fluorescent
      tracer was injected into the stellate ganglion; the complementary-colored tracer
      was injected into the sympathetic chain below the cut. After a 6-day survival
      time, frozen serial 40-micron sections of spinal cord segments T1-T4 were cut and
      mounted. The longitudinal distribution of dyes: indicated a segmental
      preganglionic organization and overlapped approximately 700 micron. However, no
      sympathetic preganglionic neurons were double-labeled with both dyes. Additional
      experiments demonstrated a small number of extraspinal preganglionic axon
      collaterals.

PMID- 4045102
TI  - Extrinsic pathways of the adrenergic innervation of the guinea-pig trachealis
      muscle.
AB  - Origins and extrinsic pathways of the adrenergic innervation of the guinea-pig
      trachealis muscle were studied using fluorescence histochemical techniques.
      Bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy caused a marked reduction in the
      adrenergic innervation of the extra-thoracic region, which suggests that these
      ganglia are a major source of adrenergic innervation to this muscle. Combined
      anterior and posterior transection of the recurrent laryngeal nerves also caused
      a marked reduction in the density of adrenergic fibres in the extra-thoracic
      trachealis muscle. Crushing of these nerves revealed adrenergic fibres running
      both anteriorly and posteriorly. The majority of these adrenergic nerves were
      lost after superior cervical ganglionectomy and thus the fibres running in both
      directions originate in the superior cervical ganglion. Antero-posteriorly
      directed fibres entered the recurrent laryngeal nerve from the superior cervical
      ganglion via an anastomosis at the level of the cricoid cartilage, while those
      running postero-anteriorly entered the recurrent laryngeal nerve posteriorly from
      the vagus nerve and these adrenergic fibres were lost after cervical vagotomy.

PMID- 4045103
TI  - Angiotensin inhibits gastric and tracheal contractile responses to peripheral
      parasympathetic stimulation.

PMID- 4045104
TI  - Teratogenic evaluation of the pesticides baygon, carbofuran, dimethoate and EPN.
AB  - Baygon was administered IG once daily to CD rats (5 to 50 mg/kg), on the 7th-19th
      day of gestation or to CD-1 mice (5 to 60 mg/kg) on days 6-16 of gestation.
      Baygon, at dose levels which were not maternally lethal, did not produce
      fetotoxicity, fetal lethality or malformations in the fetuses. Baygon was not
      teratogenic in the CD rat or CD-1 mouse at maternally nontoxic dose levels.
      Carbofuran was administered IG once daily to CD rats (0.05 to 5.0 mg/kg), on the
      7th-19th day of gestation or to CD-1 mice (0.1 to 20 mg/kg) on days 6-16 of
      gestation. At dose levels which were not maternally lethal, carbofuran did not
      produce fetotoxicity, fetal lethality or malformations in the fetuses. Carbofuran
      was not teratogenic in the CD rat or CD-1 mouse at maternally nontoxic dose
      levels. Dimethoate was administered IG once daily to CD-1 mice (10 to 80 mg/kg),
      on the 6th-16th day of gestation. At dose levels which were not maternally
      lethal, dimethoate did not produce fetotoxicity, fetal lethality or malformations
      in the fetuses. Dimethoate was not teratogenic in the CD-1 mouse at maternally
      nontoxic dose levels. EPN was administered IG once daily to CD-1 mice (1.0 to
      12.0 mg/kg) on the 6th-16th day of gestation. EPN, at dose levels up to those
      which were maternally lethal, did not produce fetotoxicity, fetal lethality or an
      increase in malformations. EPN was not teratogenic in the CD-1 mouse at
      maternally nontoxic dose levels.

PMID- 4045105
TI  - Postoperative heel spur pain.

PMID- 4045106
TI  - Iatrogenic metatarsal coalition: a postoperative complication of adjacent V
      osteotomies.
AB  - The authors present a case report of iatrogenic metatarsal coalition, a
      postoperative complication of adjacent V-osteotomies. The paper also includes a
      discussion of surgical considerations of multiple adjacent osteotomies
      contributing to such a sequela, including adequate irrigation, instrumentation,
      anatomy, and the use of corticosteroids.

PMID- 4045107
TI  - Comparison of total hinged and total nonhinged implants for the lesser digits.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to present preliminary findings of an ongoing
      prospective study of the effectiveness of total digital implants. Forty hinged
      implants and 22 nonhinged implants have been evaluated to compare the two
      implants and establish preoperative criteria for their use. Our findings indicate
      better results for toe purchase and stability with the nonhinged implant and
      marginally better joint range of movement with the hinged implant. Preoperative
      dorsal contracture at the metatarsophalangeal joint leads to the most consistent
      postoperative complications.

PMID- 4045108
TI  - Post-traumatic osteochondritis of the lateral sesamoid in active adolescents.
AB  - Many authors believe that osteochondritis occurs more frequently in the medial
      sesamoid than in the lateral. The authors of this paper discuss three cases of
      fibular sesamoid fracture in adolescents that they believe have progressed
      secondarily to osteochondritis.

PMID- 4045110
TI  - Pathologic examination of all excised tissues is essential.

PMID- 4045109
TI  - A radiographic study of infant metatarsus adductus treatment by serial casting.
AB  - Although many papers have been written on metatarsus adductus, few have used
      radiographic criteria for either the diagnosis of or in determining correction of
      metatarsus adductus. Most use objective clinical appearance as their sole
      criteria for diagnosis and correction. This paper establishes radiographic
      criteria for both the diagnosis and correction of metatarsus adductus.

PMID- 4045111
TI  - Implications for the use of amnion and chorion in podiatric medicine and surgery.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to show the possibility of using fetal membranes
      as a biologic dressing for some of the pedal ulcerations that podiatrists
      encounter. There are as many treatment modalities for lower extremity ulcerations
      as there are types of ulcers. Through the following case histories, the authors
      demonstrate various types of ulcerations treated with amnion and chorion and the
      results achieved. The clinical application of fetal membranes has been under
      study for many years. The authors' efforts support the use of amnion and chorion
      by the medical community in treating some lower extremity ulcers.

PMID- 4045112
TI  - A review of soft tissue calcifications.
AB  - The deposition of calcium and phosphorous salts in the soft tissues can be
      classified into three categories: metastatic calcification, dystrophic
      calcification, and calcinosis. Metastatic calcification occurs when the calcium
      phosphorous levels are elevated. The calcifications involve normal tissues.
      Associated disease include hyperparathyroidism, neoplasms, milk-alkali syndrome,
      hypervitaminosis D, and tumoral calcinosis. Dystrophic calcification occurs in
      the presence of normal metabolism in damaged or devitalized tissues. Disorders
      included in this classification are: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, pseudoxanthoma
      elasticum, arteriosclerosis obliterans, venous calcifications, crystal deposition
      disorders, and calcification resulting from neurologic disorders. Calcinosis is
      also found in persons with normal metabolism. It occurs most often in
      subcutaneous tissues, skin, and related connective tissues. Associated disorders
      include: calcinosis universalis, calcinosis circumscripta, scleroderma,
      dermatomyositis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 4045113
TI  - An unusual mixed infection in a diabetic patient: Citrobacter freundii and
      Peptococcus magnus.
AB  - A case of an unusual mixed infection of the foot involving Citrobacter freundii
      and Peptococcus magnus is presented. Characteristics and treatment of infections
      caused by these organisms are reviewed. The possible effects of an infection of
      this type in a compromised patient are also presented.

PMID- 4045114
TI  - Extirpation of the fibular sesamoid simplified.
AB  - This technique allows the surgeon to maintain a firm grasp on the fibular
      sesamoid during its dissection, thus minimizing surgical trauma to the
      surrounding tissue and decreasing the chance of an inadvertent tenotomy of the
      flexor hallucis longus tendon. The authors have used this technique in 30
      sesamoidectomies and found it to lower the frustration level significantly. The
      only instances in which it does not work as well as expected is with severely
      osteoporotic sesamoids, and partite sesamoids with fragments too small to pierce
      with the Kirschner wire. This technique has proved to be relatively simplistic.
      The small diameter of the Kirschner wire permits both excellent vision of the
      operative field and easy access to dissection.

PMID- 4045115
TI  - Plantar fibromatosis: surgical considerations with case histories.
AB  - Plantar fibromatosis characteristically is found in the central and medial bands
      of plantar fascia, although it has been reported in other areas of the foot and,
      through continued growth and extension, has become adherent to tendons and
      overlying structures. Clinically, the lesion is somewhat uncommon, usually
      accompanied with minimal pain and benign in nature. However, it must be
      distinguished from other possibly malignant lesions that may also localize in the
      foot. The treatment of choice is surgical extirpation of the mass. Unfortunately,
      the outer limits of the lesion are difficult to define, and incomplete excision
      often results in return of the lesion postoperatively. Therefore, a complete
      fasciectomy of the involved fascia is the procedure of choice in order to reduce
      markedly the possibility of recurrence of the fibromatosis lesion.

PMID- 4045116
TI  - Congenital absence of the tibial sesamoid: a report of two cases.
AB  - Congenital absence of the tibial sesamoid is a rare condition that has been
      infrequently reported in the podiatric literature. Two cases of congenital
      absence of the tibial sesamoid are presented with an associated hallux abducto
      valgus deformity. The role of a weakened medial flexor hallucis brevis tendon as
      a predisposing factor leading to a hallux abducto valgus deformity is discussed.

PMID- 4045118
TI  - Perioperative fever: etiology and treatment.
AB  - The authors discuss the causes of intraoperative fever and of fever occurring at
      different periods postoperatively. Salicylates or other antipyretics should be
      administered to reduce the body temperature as quickly as possible; however, it
      is still essential to determine and eliminate the cause of the fever.

PMID- 4045117
TI  - Superficial dysesthesias secondary to epidermoid cyst of the foot.
AB  - This paper presents a case history of dysesthesias of the lateral branch of the
      superficial peroneal nerve secondary to compression by an epidermoid cyst in the
      foot of a 42-year-old patient.

PMID- 4045119
TI  - Implant arthroplasty of the first metatarsophalangeal joint: a 12-year
      retrospective study.
AB  - A study was conducted of the long-term results on Silastic implant arthroplasties
      of the first metatarsophalangeal joint in 88 feet. Silastic implants were
      evaluated on the basis of patient satisfaction, function, and radiographic
      findings. The period of follow-up ranged from 6 months to 12 years, with an
      average follow-up of 6.3 years for hemi-joint implants and 2.1 years for total
      joint implants. The results showed that a majority of patients with hallux valgus
      and hallux limitus had good results with either hemi-implant or total implant.
      The most common complication found was hallux extensus.

PMID- 4045120
TI  - Atypical gouty arthritis.
AB  - The authors describe an atypical case of idiopathic gouty arthritis in a 24-year
      old man. Idiopathic gout is usually found in persons between the ages of 30 and
      50 years, and it is unusual to find clinical and roentgenographic abnormalities
      in a person as young as 24 years of age.

PMID- 4045121
TI  - Calcaneal bone graft after enchondroma excision.
AB  - Enchondroma is a commonly encountered bone tumor in the foot, frequently
      necessitating excision. The calcaneus is a convenient source of bone for a bone
      graft, should that be required. The patient's own calcaneus offers the advantages
      of both cortical and cancellous bone, accessibility, dependable bone healing, and
      the superior osteogenic potential of autologous bone.

PMID- 4045122
TI  - Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and its role in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis:
      a preliminary report involving refractory osteomyelitis in the foot.
AB  - Osteomyelitis, both acute and chronic, is difficult to treat and often does not
      respond to conventional methods of therapy. Hyperbaric oxygen can be used as an
      adjunctive treatment in chronic refractory osteomyelitis after all other types of
      therapy have proved unsuccessful or response is slow. Risk factors and cost must
      be considered when deciding whether to use hyperbaric oxygen in conjunction with
      other methods of therapy.

PMID- 4045123
TI  - Acro-osteolysis.
AB  - Acro-osteolysis is a common radiographic finding in the upper or lower extremity.
      It may be idiopathic, part of a primary osteolysis syndrome, associated with a
      systemic disorder, traumatically induced, or caused by environmental toxins.
      Recognition of this process and its associated disorders is essential for
      complete patient care. This paper discusses the definition, etiologies,
      pathogenesis, and radiographic findings of acro-osteolysis.

PMID- 4045124
TI  - [Tumor pathology of the vulva].

PMID- 4045125
TI  - [The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of vulvar cancer].

PMID- 4045126
TI  - [Round table: The responsibility and legal status of the midwife].

PMID- 4045127
TI  - [Round table: The ontogeny of interaction].

PMID- 4045128
TI  - [Round table: Artificial insemination].

PMID- 4045130
TI  - Haemodynamic and catecholamine responses to hypothermia in the fetal sheep in
      utero.
AB  - Chronically catheterised fetal sheep (117-134 days) were cooled in utero via a
      tubing coil placed around the fetal trunk through which cold water was circulated
      for one hour. The fetal core temperature was reduced by 5.51 +/- 0.61 degrees C.
      This hypothermia was associated with tachycardia (P less than 0.001) and
      hypertension (P less than 0.001) (n = 12). The tachycardia was abolished by
      treatment with propranolol (n = 4) and the hypertension by treatment with
      phentolamine (n = 5). Blood flow in the left umbilical artery was measured by an
      electromagnetic flow probe in 4 fetuses and rose (P less than 0.001) with fetal
      cooling. The increase in blood flow was abolished by treatment with either
      phentolamine or propranolol. These observations are consistent with a
      redistribution of fetal blood flow from peripheral tissues to placental and
      thermogenic tissues during cooling. Fetal plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline
      concentrations rose (P less than 0.01) during fetal cooling (n = 5). These
      studies demonstrate that catecholamine and cardiovascular responses to
      environmental hypothermia have differentiated prior to birth in the sheep fetus.

PMID- 4045129
TI  - The effect of indomethacin on breathing movements and cerebral blood flow and
      metabolism in the fetal sheep.
AB  - Indomethacin, a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, stimulates virtually continuous
      breathing movements in the fetal sheep. We measured blood flow (radioactive
      microsphere distribution) to major brain regions and analyzed arterial and
      sagittal vein blood samples for oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions, pH and for
      oxygen contents and glucose concentrations in 13 fetal lambs between 122-132 days
      of gestation. The measurements were done before and again after 4 to 5 h of an
      indomethacin infusion. We found that indomethacin caused a mild arterial acidosis
      and hypoxemia and a 23 +/- 6% (SEM, P less than 0.01) decrease in blood flow to
      the cerebral hemispheres. Similar decreases were also observed in all other brain
      regions except for the cerebellum. Arteriovenous concentration differences for
      both oxygen and glucose widened such that there was no significant change in
      cerebral metabolism. Sagittal vein hydrogen ion concentration was 44.3 +/- 0.06
      nmoles 1(-1) during control and rose by 4.5 +/- 1.4 nmol.1(-1) (P less than 0.01)
      with the indomethacin. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that one
      mechanism by which indomethacin augments the incidence of fetal respiratory
      efforts is by stimulating central chemoreceptors.

PMID- 4045131
TI  - The association between cardiac accelerations and movements in fetal sheep.
AB  - Observations in 5 fetal sheep at 120-134 days gestation, using either real time
      ultrasound or direct emg recordings to detect fetal movements, showed an
      association between such movements and cardiac accelerations (greater than 2 s
      duration and 4 beats/min amplitude). Neuromuscular blockade with gallamine
      abolished the fetal movements but not the accelerations.

PMID- 4045132
TI  - Index finger pollicization for a congenitally absent or nonfunctioning thumb.
AB  - Forty pollicizations of index fingers were done to correct congenitally absent or
      nonfunctioning thumbs in patients who were younger than 16 years old. Twenty-six
      additional operations were performed after pollicization on 20 transposed digits,
      including opposition transfer (18), extensor tendon shortening (four), and
      arthrodesis (four). The operations improved not only the cosmetic appearance of
      the hand, but the functional ability of the patients to grasp and handle large
      objects; preoperative ability to pinch and handle small objects was not impaired
      by the operative procedure. The additional operative procedures were required
      most often in patients with radial club hands and/or previous centralization.

PMID- 4045133
TI  - Congenital clasped thumb: a review of forty-three cases.
AB  - Over a 10-year period, 43 patients (75 hands) with congenital clasped thumb were
      seen in our institution. Three groups were identified: group I, 14 patients (24
      hands) without contracture; group II, 14 patients (21 hands) with contractures of
      the palmar side; and group III, 15 patients (30 hands) with arthrogryposis
      multiplex congenita. Forty-two hands were treated with splinting alone and 16
      hands with surgery. The remaining 17 hands were followed conservatively without
      splinting or surgery. The mean follow-up was 32 months. The results were
      evaluated by active abduction of the carpometacarpal joint and extension of
      metacarpophalangeal joint. All patients in group I showed good response to
      splinting, and the cause of the deformity appeared to be the predominance of the
      flexor muscles. In groups II and III, 10 patients (16 hands) who had severe
      deformity or no response to splinting were treated by release of the palmar soft
      tissues, skin grafts, and reconstruction of the extensors. Satisfactory results
      were obtained in 12 of 16 hands.

PMID- 4045134
TI  - Bilateral symphalangism of the index fingers.
AB  - True symphalangism is a rigid digit of normal length. Fusion at the proximal
      interphalangeal joint is most common, and the index finger is the least likely to
      be affected. I report the second instance of true symphalangism involving fusion
      of the distal interphalangeal joints of both index fingers without symphalangism
      of any other digits. This is the first case reported in a black and was inherited
      as a simple Mendelian dominant trait.

PMID- 4045135
TI  - Congenital absence of the triquetrum: a case report.
AB  - A case of congenital absence of the triquetrum in a 47-year-old man is reported.
      The etiology could be related to deficient chondrification or ossification.
      Conservative treatment relieved his symptoms of pain and weak grasp.

PMID- 4045136
TI  - Juvenile aponeurotic fibroma of the hand.
AB  - Juvenile aponeurotic fibroma is a rare benign tumor found primarily in the
      extremities of children and young adults. Clinically, it presents as a painless,
      mobile solitary mass in the hand. It may represent the cartilage analog of
      fibromatosis. Since it has a distinct tendency toward local recurrence, wide
      excision without sacrifice of function is the indicated treatment. Two cases are
      presented illustrating the diagnostic features and treatment of this disease
      process.

PMID- 4045137
TI  - The effect of vincular injury on the results of flexor tendon surgery in zone 2.
AB  - From a consecutive series of 82 fingers (69 patients) that sustained flexor
      tendon lacerations in zone 2, 47 fingers (39 patients) had the status of the
      vincular system determined during primary repair. The vincula were intact in 22
      fingers and not intact in 25. Total active motion (TAM) after rehabilitation and
      before a reconstructive procedure, such as repair of a rupture, tenolysis, or
      grafting of a tendon, was the end point of the study. The overall mean TAM was
      196 degrees. The mean TAM was 222 degrees for fingers with intact vincula and 176
      degrees for fingers with vincula not intact (p less than 0.01). There were no
      statistical differences between the two groups regarding surgical results when
      the number of tendons injured per finger and sheath closure were analyzed. This
      study suggests that the integrity of the vincular system is a determinant of end
      result TAM and flexor tendon lacerations in zone 2.

PMID- 4045138
TI  - Intrinsic restoration of the flexor tendon surface in the nonhuman primate.
AB  - A pattern of restoration of the smooth gliding surface was noted in lacerated
      monkey flexor tendon segments maintained in a cell free tissue culture
      environment over a 9-week period. The epitenon fibroblasts proliferated and
      migrated into the laceration site, forming collagen fibers that bridged the
      defect. After the smooth tendon surface was restored, the epitenon cellular
      response diminished.

PMID- 4045139
TI  - Pseudotendon formation after flexor tendon injury.
AB  - The biologic reconstitution of a divided flexor tendon by scar tissue forming a
      "pseudotendon" is described in three cases. With close inspection, one is able to
      differentiate a pseudotendon from a normal tendon intraoperatively by its
      relatively light gray color and the lack of a glistening surface. A pseudotendon
      lacks the tensile strength of a normal tendon and should be replaced by tendon
      grafting or transfer if function is to be restored.

PMID- 4045140
TI  - The extensor sling procedure for an unstable carpometacarpal joint.
AB  - An unstable carpometacarpal joint of the thumb may present with pain and
      interfere significantly with normal function. Weakness of the intermetacarpal
      ligament may result in partial or complete dislocation. A procedure that
      reinforces this ligament more accurately than those previously published is
      described. A sling is made by routing part of the extensor carpi radialis longus
      tendon through the interspace between the second and third metacarpals and around
      the base of the first metacarpal. The ligament returns to its point of entry
      where it is sutured to itself. The entire ligament is situated deep to the
      adductor pollicis longus and restores stability without interfering with the
      first metacarpal excursion. All 10 patients who had this procedure had full
      metacarpal excursion and could oppose to the base of the small finger.

PMID- 4045141
TI  - Tendon interposition arthroplasty for degenerative arthritis of the
      trapeziometacarpal joint of the thumb.
AB  - Arthrosis of the trapeziometacarpal joint of the thumb is a predictable sequelae
      of ligament laxity. A new technique of tendon interposition arthroplasty with
      ligament reconstruction using the flexor carpi radialis tendon for a painful
      arthritic trapeziometacarpal joint of the thumb is described. Twenty-one patients
      had 25 operative procedures; 14 were women and seven were men. All of the
      patients presented with intractable pain, crepitus, and varying degrees of laxity
      of the basal joint. Pinch strength was diminished. Follow-up averaged 37 1/2
      months. After surgery, 91.7% of patients had good to excellent results, and 56%
      were completely pain free. Range of motion and grip and pinch strengths were
      equal on the operated and unoperated sides.

PMID- 4045142
TI  - Trapezium implant arthroplasty: evaluation of a semiconstrained implant.
AB  - Twenty-five patients who presented with symptoms of disabling pain secondary to
      arthritis at the base of thumb had 29 arthroplasties with silicone rubber
      trapezium implants. Stabilization was achieved with tenodesis using a strip of
      abductor pollicis longus as described by Eaton. All patients had relief of pain
      after surgery. We examined 23 hands in 19 patients for follow-up. Average follow
      up was 31 months. Assessment of functional status and measurements of prehensile
      capabilities showed that all patients had improved after surgery. Range of motion
      of the thumb was measured (radial abduction averaged 40 degrees; 80% had full
      opposition). Average key pinch was 8 pounds. Stability of the implant was
      assessed with standard posteroanterior, lateral, and stress views of the
      trapeziometacarpal joint. Comparisons were made with previously reported results
      for Eaton and Swanson trapezium implants. The tenodesis effect may provide a more
      stable, although possibly less mobile, CMC joint of the thumb.

PMID- 4045143
TI  - Painful subluxation of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb in Ehlers-Danlos
      syndrome.
AB  - Two cases of subluxation of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb in children
      with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome are presented. Although hand involvement is not
      universally appreciated, the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb may be
      particularly susceptible to weakened ligamentous constraints in Ehlers-Danlos
      syndrome.

PMID- 4045144
TI  - The digital tourniquet: how safe is it?
AB  - To measure the pressure generated beneath a digital tourniquet, this study was
      based on the mathematical relationship between pressure and resistance in latex
      rubber. The digital tourniquets were either a 1/4-inch Penrose drain or a rolled
      glove finger. Pressures generated beneath the rolled glove finger were noted to
      range between 200 and 1200 mm Hg. Pressure beneath the Penrose drain ranged
      between 100 and 650 mm Hg in one study group and between 120 and 500 mm Hg in a
      second study group consisting of fingertip injuries. A method was developed based
      on the same mathematical relationship to control pressure. Marks spaced 26 mm
      apart on a Penrose drain are wrapped around a finger until the marks touch and
      the Penrose drain is clamped. With this technique, the pressure beneath the
      Penrose drain will remain between 250 and 375 mm Hg. Less strain will be required
      for smaller fingers and more strain will be required for larger fingers; however,
      the pressure will remain within a predictable range.

PMID- 4045145
TI  - Xeroradiography as an aid in planning resection of arteriovenous malformation of
      the upper extremities.
AB  - Recurrence of arteriovenous malformation is inevitable unless the total
      malformation is resected. Bony involvement in some of these malformations
      contributes to a quick recurrence when limited resection is undertaken. Although
      arteriography is the procedure of choice in delineating vascular and soft tissue
      involvement with the malformation, it does not outline osseous involvement.
      Xeroradiography is an adjunctive diagnostic procedure that provides information
      about bony involvement, which will assist in planning the total resection of the
      malformation. In two cases, xeroradiography was helpful in defining the limits of
      surgical excision.

PMID- 4045146
TI  - The use of Y-shaped interposition vein grafts in multiple digit replantations.
AB  - Y-shaped vein grafts that have been specifically selected from the venous anatomy
      on the dorsum of the foot have been used to bridge the arterial defects in
      multiple digit replantations. In this technique, the two outflow limbs of the Y
      shaped vein graft are anastomosed to the distal digital arteries of two adjacent
      fingers before osteosynthesis. The inflow stem of the Y-shaped graft is then
      anastomosed to a common digital artery or to the superficial palmar arch to
      provide rapid and reliable restoration of arterial inflow simultaneously into two
      adjacent digits.

PMID- 4045147
TI  - Functional latissimus dorsi island pedicle musculocutaneous flap to restore
      finger function.
AB  - Functional latissimus dorsi island pedicle musculocutaneous flaps were used to
      restore flexion or extension of the wrist and digits in four clinical cases. By
      retaining the fascial origin of the latissimus dorsi from the posterior crest of
      the ilium, the entire muscle was transferred without dividing its neurovascular
      pedicle and microneurovascular anastomoses. Its facial origin successfully
      reached the finger flexor or extensor muscles of the forearm. The latissimus
      dorsi muscle was sutured to the digital flexor tendons in three patients and
      connected to the extensor tendons in one patient. All transfers restored active
      finger flexion or extension.

PMID- 4045148
TI  - The denervated first dorsal interosseous muscle flap: a case report.
AB  - Coverage of a dorsal defect on the hand of a child with exposed extensor tendons
      was provided by a denervated first dorsal interosseous muscle and splitthickness
      skin grafting. We do not recommend routine use of the first dorsal interosseous
      muscle as a flap; however, its use in cases in which the muscle has been
      denervated would seem justified.

PMID- 4045149
TI  - The upper extremity and psychiatric illness.
AB  - Thirty-three patients who had various conversion reactions manifested by signs
      and symptoms involving the upper extremities were seen over a 13-year period.
      Factitious lymphedema, factitious ulcers, clenched fists, as well as other
      dysfunctional postures of the hand and upper extremity, were the most frequently
      recognized patterns of illness. Denial of knowledge of the cause of the physical
      problem and a lack of insight into the illness are major parts of the disease
      process. Twenty-nine of the 33 patients in this study had work-related and
      therefore compensable injuries. The physical signs and symptoms resolved in four
      of the patients when compensation was withdrawn. The average follow-up in this
      study was 4 1/2 years. Unfortunately, the long-term follow-up of these patients
      revealed that this disease process was chronic and most frequently failed to
      resolve. Various efforts at treatment have been unsuccessful, including extensive
      psychotherapy. Confrontation with the patient is contraindicated.

PMID- 4045150
TI  - Effect of elbow position on grip and key pinch strength.
AB  - Twenty-nine college women participated in a study to investigate the effect of
      elbow position on grip and key pinch strength evaluations. Standardized
      instructions and positioning were followed with the exception of the two elbow
      positions. The elbow was flexed to 90 degrees in one test condition and it was
      fully extended in the other. The results showed a significantly stronger grip
      strength measurement in the 90 degree elbow flexed position than in the fully
      extended position. For evaluation of key pinch strength, both hands were stronger
      in the elbow flexed position, but only the right hand was significantly stronger.
      This study supports the use of the elbow flexed position in standardized grip and
      key pinch evaluations.

PMID- 4045151
TI  - Dorsal wrist pain and the occult scapholunate ganglion.
AB  - Ten consecutive patients who presented with dorsal wrist pain, no history of
      trauma, and no physical signs other than local tenderness over the scapholunate
      ligament junction had surgery. The obvious pathologic finding in eight was
      ganglionic degeneration in a particular area on the dorsal scapholunate
      interosseous ligament. The operation resulted in dramatic relief of pain and
      return to full function for the duration of follow-up in most patients.

PMID- 4045152
TI  - Dysfunction of the pisotriquetral joint: treatment by excision of the pisiform.
AB  - Sixty-seven painful pisotriquetral joints were treated by excision of the
      pisiform over a 30-year period. Forty-two patients had a previous history of
      trauma. Ulnar neuropathy was noted in 22 patients, particularly in those with
      associated wrist-hand fractures and subluxations or dislocations of the pisiform.
      The abductor and flexor digiti minimi and the palmar carpal ligament with their
      common fibrous origin were the most common compressing structures on the ulnar
      nerve. Chondromalacia was found in 29 and osteoarthritis in 20 pisotriquetral
      joints. Excision of the pisiform provided complete relief of localized hypothenar
      pain in 65 wrists with no loss of wrist motion or strength. Neurolysis produced
      full sensory recovery in all 22 patients and full motor recovery in five of six.
      No late problems associated with the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon were found after
      excision of the pisiform.

PMID- 4045153
TI  - Isolated dorsal radiocarpal dislocation: case report and literature review.
AB  - A 35-year-old woman sustained an injury to her right wrist that caused a dorsal
      radiocarpal dislocation with an avulsion fracture of the ulnar styloid process
      without radial fracture, but with a dorsiflexed intercalated segment instability
      (DISI) pattern of the carpus. Treatment consisted of debridement, exploration of
      the wound, closed reduction of the dislocation, and immobilization for 4 weeks.
      Six months later, she had recovered satisfactorily. Eighteen months after the
      injury, radiographs of both wrists showed bilateral DISI deformities of the
      carpus, and it is thought that the DISI pattern of the injured wrist was a
      congenital abnormality and therefore present before the injury.

PMID- 4045154
TI  - Carpal tunnel syndrome: associated abnormalities in ulnar nerve function and the
      effect of carpal tunnel release on these abnormalities.
AB  - Twenty of 59 hands (34%) of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome had
      abnormalities in sensibility testing of both median and ulnar nerves by either
      two-point discrimination, Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing, or both. Before
      surgery, 53% of patients complained of paresthesias and/or numbness in ulnar
      nerve distribution. Eighty percent of the hands had abnormal Semmes-Weinstein
      monofilament testing of the ulnar nerve. Thirty-five percent had abnormal two
      point discrimination. Forty-one percent had abnormal electromyographic testing of
      the ulnar nerve. All hands had median nerve decompression alone. Guyon's canal
      was not released. After surgery, 89% of patients had improvement in paresthesias
      and/or numbness of the ulnar nerve. Ninety-four percent had improvement in Semmes
      Weinstein monofilament testing. Eighty-six percent had improvement in two-point
      discrimination. Patients with a residual abnormality in ulnar nerve sensibility
      also had continued abnormality in median nerve sensibility. A significant
      percentage of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome also have signs and symptoms
      of ulnar nerve compression. Most improved with carpal tunnel release alone.

PMID- 4045155
TI  - Nonoperative treatment of traumatic dislocations of the extensor digitorum
      tendons in patients without rheumatoid disorders.
AB  - Traumatic subluxation and dislocation of the extensor digitorum tendons are
      uncommon in patients without rheumatoid disorders. Management of the acute injury
      is not well defined in the orthopedic literature. Two cases of traumatic
      dislocations of the extensor digitorum tendon were seen acutely in young persons
      without rheumatoid disease. These patients were successfully managed by early
      closed reduction and immobilization. This treatment had yielded good hand
      function to date, without recurrence of the dislocation. One of these cases was
      particularly unusual in that the direction of the tendon dislocation was radial.
      This particular injury has not been previously described.

PMID- 4045156
TI  - Tenosynovial osteochondromatosis of the extensor tendon of a digit: case report
      and review of the literature.
AB  - Extra-articular tenosynovial osteochondromatosis in the hand rarely occurs. A
      case of tenosynovial osteochondromatosis of the extensor tendon of the digit is
      reported. None of the cases reported in the literature have involved the extensor
      aspect of the digits. A possible explanation for the paucity of this lesion in
      relation to the extensor tendons of the digits is the absence of a tendon sheath
      on the dorsum of the digits.

PMID- 4045157
TI  - Candida albicans tenosynovitis of the hand.
AB  - Invasive fungal infections of the hand are extremely rare and usually require an
      immunocompromised host. We report the first known case of Candida albicans
      tenosynovitis of the hand presenting as a mass in a boy with Buckley's
      immunodeficiency. Treatment was successful after radical synovectomy of both the
      flexor and extensor aspects of the hand after he failed to respond to combined
      amphotericin B and 5-fluorouracil therapy. Fungal tenosynovitis should be
      considered when swelling and decreased range of motion occur in the hands or
      digits of an immunocompromised host, especially if pain is not a prominent
      symptom.

PMID- 4045158
TI  - A case of an intratendinous ganglion.
AB  - A case report of a true intratendinous ganglion of the extensor pollicis brevis
      is described. It was excised.

PMID- 4045159
TI  - Metastatic carcinoma of the distal ulna from an occult pancreatic carcinoma.
AB  - A case of pancreatic carcinoma presenting as a pathologic fracture of the distal
      ulna is reported. To the best of our knowledge, metastatic pancreatic carcinoma
      distal to the elbow has never been reported. An attempt to stabilize the fracture
      with intramedullary fixation and methacrylate augmentation was unsuccessful.
      Because of the dismal prognosis of pancreatic carcinoma, therapy should be
      directed toward pain control and maintenance of function in these patients.

PMID- 4045160
TI  - Intravenous pyogenic granuloma of the hand.
AB  - Intravenous tumors are rare. Intravenous pyogenic granuloma has recently been
      recognized. This case illustrates the characteristic findings and microscopic
      anatomy associated with this tumor when it occurs in the palm.

PMID- 4045161
TI  - Mycobacterium terrae tenosynovitis.
AB  - A 72-year-old man was admitted with tenosynovitis of the left forearm and hand.
      Histopathologic examination of the excised tissue showed noncaseating granulomas.
      Mycobacterial culture produced Mycobacterium terrae complex. M. terrae infection
      of any site is rare. Analysis of four documented cases and our present case
      indicates that this organism causes infection in the forearm and hand after
      probable direct inoculation. It has not disseminated systemically from the site
      of local infection and may infect otherwise healthy hosts.

PMID- 4045162
TI  - Giant cell reparative granuloma in the hand: report of three cases and review of
      the literature.
AB  - Occurrence of giant cell reparative granuloma (GCRG) outside the jaw, skull, or
      facial bones is unusual. Three recent cases of GCRG occurring in the hand are
      presented. This lesion appears on radiographs as a lucent, expansile defect in
      bone, similar in appearance to enchondroma, giant cell tumor of bone, aneurysmal
      bone cyst, or brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism. Histologically, GCRG is
      characterized by spindle-shaped, fibroblastic stoma with scattered, small,
      angulated giant cells and areas of osteoid formation around foci of hemorrhage.
      Establishing the pathologic diagnosis is frequently difficult. Misdiagnosis
      occurred in approximately half of the reported cases and in one of our cases. The
      typical clinical presentation is that of localized pain and swelling. GCRG is not
      a neoplastic disorder; however, it recurred locally in a third of the reported
      cases. Recommended treatment for GCRG is thorough removal of the diseased tissues
      and grafting of autologous bone.

PMID- 4045163
TI  - Tumoral calcinosis in multiple digits: a case report.
AB  - Tumoral calcinosis usually appears in the vicinity of large joints, and its
      appearance in the fingers must be quite rare since no reports of such an
      occurrence have been found. A case report of the presence of tumoral masses of
      hydroxyapatite in multiple digits is presented. No causative or related metabolic
      or collagen-vascular disease was identified, and the patient remains in good
      health.

PMID- 4045164
TI  - Tumoral calcinosis: a case report and review of the literature.
AB  - Tumoral calcinosis rarely occurs in the hand. It is an uncommon familial disease
      suggesting an autosomal recessive gene pattern, often with laboratory findings of
      hyperphosphatemia and normocalcemia. Our patient had bilateral hand involvement,
      including local calcinosis cutis of the skin and bone changes not previously
      reported in the literature. At a 2-year follow-up after two lesions were excised
      from her left hand, one lesion had completely resolved and the other recurred.
      Two large symptomatic lesions and one area of local calcinosis cutis in her right
      hand have recently been excised.

PMID- 4045165
TI  - Soft tissue expanders in upper limb surgery.
AB  - Five cases in which soft tissue expanders have been used as an aid to
      reconstruction in the upper limb are reported. The cases involved the
      reconstruction of the shoulder mound after forequarter amputation, excision of a
      large tattoo of the forearm, excision of a malignant melanoma of the elbow,
      excision of a giant hairy nevus of the forearm, and the creation of large
      advancement flaps to release an axillary burn scar contracture. No complications
      were noted with the use of these expanders. Patient tolerance was excellent, and
      the final result was significantly enhanced by the use of this technique.

PMID- 4045166
TI  - A new tendon pulley passer.

PMID- 4045167
TI  - Composite metacarpophalangeal joint reconstruction in great toe-to-hand free
      tissue transfers.

PMID- 4045168
TI  - A proposal for cadaver organ procurement: routine removal with right of informed
      refusal.
AB  - In order to alleviate the shortage of vital organs for transplant, we propose a
      system of routine removal of cadaver organs with an option of informed refusal by
      family. Unless an individual registered an objection during his or her lifetime,
      or unless the family objected to the procedure, clinicians would be permitted
      routinely to salvage vital organs for transplant. Our proposal charts a middle
      path between the current ineffective policy based on "encouraged voluntarism" and
      "presumed consent" policies that promise effectiveness at the cost of violating
      traditional ethical and legal principles. In this article, we analyze the failure
      of the current regime, articulate a policy of routine removal subject to the
      right of informed refusal, and defend this policy against several possible
      objections.

PMID- 4045169
TI  - The community health care center: current status and future directions.
AB  - This paper presents an assessment of The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's
      Municipal Health Services Program, a demonstration in five major cities of
      neighborhood-based health care delivery for inner-city residents, started in 1978
      and supported until 1984. The program was successful in achieving higher levels
      of clinic utilization, as well as in integrating preventive and therapeutic
      services; it was less successful in reducing the dependence of inner-city
      residents on hospital-based ambulatory services. Although the neighborhood
      centers provided care at substantially lower cost than that of other public
      facilities, they remained dependent on outside financial support. The viability
      of the community health care centers at the end of the grant period is discussed,
      in terms of the changes that have affected the health delivery system in the
      seven years since the program was started, and in terms of expected changes over
      the next few years that will affect their future usefulness and stability. A
      series of alternatives that might provide for the health care needs of the
      indigent are also discussed.

PMID- 4045170
TI  - The effects of health care advertising.
AB  - This paper begins by assessing the current status of health care advertising and
      its potential for growth, arguing that this form of marketing is not just a
      passing fad among a few clinics and hospitals. It then describes the opposing
      schools of thought concerning the economics of advertising, and considers both
      theory and evidence on the effects of advertising on prices, profits, quality,
      utilization, and innovation.

PMID- 4045171
TI  - Organized medicine and Scandinavian professional unionism: hospital policies and
      exit options in Denmark and Sweden.
AB  - Strikes by junior hospital doctors over the issue of on-call remuneration in
      Denmark and Sweden in 1981 are analyzed to clarify the impact of public-sector
      cost-control policies on intra- and interprofessional solidarity within the
      Scandinavian professional peak associations. The junior doctors' grievances could
      find expression either through increased "voice" within the medical negotiating
      machinery, or by pursuing the exit option in having the medical associations quit
      the peak associations. The article explains why the "exit" option was selected in
      Denmark, while in Sweden the granting of additional voice helped persuade the
      medical association to withdraw its exit threat and to remain within the peak
      association. The two cases are interpreted as presaging a divergence in the paths
      being taken by the various Scandinavian welfare states.

PMID- 4045172
TI  - Differences between voluntary and public organizations: the behavior of hospitals
      in England and Wales.
AB  - This study confronts the following questions: what are the conditions under which
      a society decides to do things in the public and voluntary nonprofit sectors, and
      in what ways do organizations behave differently, depending on whether they are
      in the public or the voluntary nonprofit sector? To address these questions, the
      study focuses on English and Welsh hospitals during the twentieth century but
      prior to the National Health Service. The study argues that as long as the
      sources of funding for public and voluntary organizations diverge, their behavior
      will diverge. Because English and Welsh voluntary hospitals prior to the National
      Health Service were heavily dependent on the voluntary sector for funding and the
      public hospitals were primarily dependent on the public sector for their funding,
      the data set is especially valuable for observing how divergent sources of
      funding influence the behavior of organizations.

PMID- 4045173
TI  - Guillain-Barre syndrome: a possible extraintestinal manifestation of ulcerative
      colitis.
AB  - In two elderly patients with ulcerative colitis, acute Guillain-Barre syndrome
      developed while the inflammatory bowel disease was in remission. The patients
      were treated with corticosteroids and recovered. Since both disorders are
      relatively uncommon, we suggest that the Guillain-Barre syndrome may have been
      causally related to the preexisting chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Guillain
      Barre syndrome may be regarded as a possible extraintestinal complication of
      chronic ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 4045174
TI  - Malabsorption in Marfan (Ehlers-Danlos) syndrome.
AB  - A patient with somatic features of both Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos syndromes
      presented with severe intestinal malabsorption. Functional intestinal
      abnormalities were thought to be due to bacterial overgrowth associated with
      small intestinal hypomotility and giant jejunal diverticula. The structural
      intestinal defects are presumed to be the result of defective collagen synthesis
      in these hereditary connective tissue disorders.

PMID- 4045175
TI  - Volvulus due to a tumor of Meckel's diverticulum.
AB  - Small-bowel obstruction in an old woman was the result of a twisted Meckel's
      diverticulum containing a large neoplasm. As neoplasms comprise only 1.2-1.4% of
      the complications of the diverticulum, and generally bleed or cause
      intussusception, we believe that the condition described is not common.

PMID- 4045176
TI  - Postsurgical chylous ascites in sarcoidosis with portal hypertension.
AB  - A patient with extensive thromboses of portal and mesenteric veins and sarcoid of
      the liver developed recurrent pulmonary emboli, which necessitated the insertion
      of an umbrella into the inferior vena cava. Chylous ascites appeared shortly
      thereafter; the ascitic fluid fat content was strikingly reduced after reduction
      of dietary long chain triglycerides, but the ascitic fluid volume was reduced
      only after insertion of a peritoneovenous shunt (LeVeen). The shunt was found to
      be nonfunctioning 4 months later, but ascites did not recur. Seven years later,
      while eating a normal diet and still having a nonfunctioning shunt, he remains
      free of ascites. We postulate that iatrogenic obstruction of the inferior vena
      cava in the presence of mesenteric and portal vein thromboses, as well as
      obstruction of mesenteric lymphatics by sarcoid lymphadenopathy, led to the
      formation of chylous ascites and that establishment of adequate mesenteric and
      portal venous and/or lymphatic collateral circulation was responsible for his
      sustained improvement.

PMID- 4045177
TI  - "Downhill" esophageal varices and occlusion of superior and inferior vena cavas
      due to a systemic venulitis.
AB  - A patient with a 10-year history of episodes of venous thrombosis, a high ESR, an
      elevated plasma polyclonal 1gG concentration, and bleeding from esophageal
      varices had obstruction of both superior and inferior vena cavas with "downhill"
      esophageal varices and a normal portal vein with normal portal pressure.
      Extensive investigations revealed no predisposing factor for the venous
      thromboses, but the patient made a good clinical response to steroids and
      dapsone, with no further episodes of bleeding nor evidence of major venous
      thrombosis. The causes and outcome of "downhill" varices are discussed.

PMID- 4045178
TI  - Acute liver failure: a possible consequence of severe hypophosphatemia.
AB  - A patient with acute liver failure, in whom no infectious, toxic, or other cause
      of hepatic damage could be found, developed severe hypophosphatemia along with
      hepatocellular necrosis. We propose that phosphate depletion may be responsible
      for the liver cell damage, as hypophosphatemia impairs tissue oxygenation and
      depletes cellular ATP.

PMID- 4045179
TI  - Hepatorenal syndrome managed with hemodialysis, then reversed by peritoneovenous
      shunting.
AB  - A patient with acute decompensated chronic liver disease developed acute tubular
      necrosis after an episode of hypotension. Renal failure was managed by
      hemodialysis for 11 weeks during which period hepatic function improved. Despite
      persistently severe oliguria, tubular function recovered as judged by a fall in
      urine sodium content and a rise in specific gravity, suggesting the development
      of the hepato-renal syndrome. Therefore, a peritoneovenous shunt was inserted.
      This was followed by a prompt diuresis; further dialysis was not required. This
      case suggests potential roles for hemodialysis and peritoneovenous shunting in
      patients with advanced, but potentially reversible hepatic and renal failure and
      draws attention to the need for formal evaluation of such a possibility.

PMID- 4045180
TI  - Massive vitamin A intoxication with ascites and pleural effusion.
AB  - Vitamin A intoxication was diagnosed in a 14-year-old girl who presented with
      massive exudative ascites and right pleural effusion, impaired liver enzymes, and
      hypertriglyceridemia. Electron microscopy of liver biopsy material demonstrated
      numerous perisinusoidal lipid-filled Ito cells. The patient had taken 100-200,000
      I.U. vitamin A per day for 15 months. Serum vitamin A level remained elevated for
      4 months after vitamin discontinuation. The unusual severity of portal
      hypertension was documented by a high wedged hepatic vein pressure level. The
      ascites occurred 2 months after vitamin A had been discontinued, probably owing
      to particularly slow mobilization of large hepatic stores of vitamin A. Portal
      hypertension disappeared after a 6-month low vitamin A diet, but the liver biopsy
      failed to demonstrate any decrease in number or size of Ito cells, suggesting
      that lipid venous obstruction is unlikely to be the only mechanism responsible
      for portal hypertension in vitamin A-induced liver disease.

PMID- 4045181
TI  - Bleeding after liver biopsy in a patient with systemic mastocytosis and
      malabsorption.
AB  - Systemic mastocytosis, with its diffuse infiltration of mast cells into various
      organs, has resulted in intestinal malabsorption and bleeding diatheses. The
      pathophysiology underlying these phenomena is unclear, but may be related to the
      release of histamine and heparin containing mast cell granules. A patient with
      systemic mastocytosis had malabsorption and developed massive bleeding after
      percutaneous liver biopsy. Histologic involvement of skin, duodenum, rectum,
      liver, and bone marrow was documented. Mastocytosis should be considered in the
      differential diagnosis of malabsorption.

PMID- 4045182
TI  - Histochemical localization of galactose-containing glycoconjugates in sensory
      neurons and their processes in the central and peripheral nervous system of the
      rat.
AB  - We studied the distribution of sugar residues in the oligosaccharide chains of
      complex carbohydrates in tissue sections of rat spinal cord, brainstem, and
      sensory ganglia using twelve lectin-horseradish peroxidase conjugates.
      Glycoconjugates containing terminal galactose residues were localized apparently
      in the Golgi apparatus in a population of predominantly small B-type neurons in
      spinal and trigeminal ganglia. Large A-type neurons rarely showed reactivity with
      galactose-binding lectins. A cells stained for glycoconjugates with N
      glycosidically linked oligosaccharides and glycogen. The central and peripheral
      processes of the small neurons, mostly unmyelinated C fibers in sensory roots and
      spinal nerves, contained an abundance of glycoconjugates with terminal alpha
      galactose residues. The central projections and terminals of small to medium
      sized primary sensory neurons in the spinal and trigeminal ganglia were
      visualized in Lissauer's tract and the substantia gelatinosa in the spinal cord,
      and in the spinal trigeminal tract and the nucleus trigeminus in the lower
      medulla with lectins specific for terminal alpha-galactose residues. In addition,
      fibers of the solitary system and the area postrema were reactive with these
      lectins. The peripheral and central nervous system elements with affinity for
      galactopyranosyl-specific lectins correspond in distribution with neuroanatomical
      regions thought to be involved in the transmission and relay of somatic and
      visceral afferent inputs such as pain and temperature. Such specific localization
      of a glycosubstance to a distinct subpopulation of neurons and their peripheral
      and central processes suggests that the particular glycoconjugate may be of
      physiological significance.

PMID- 4045183
TI  - Quantitative histochemical determination of muscle enzymes: biochemical
      verification.
AB  - We established quantitative histochemical assays for the enzymatic activity of
      succinate dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase for cat
      skeletal muscle. A computer-enhanced image analysis system was used to quantitate
      the histochemical enzyme-activity reaction products. We describe a series of
      experiments that verify the reliability and validity of the assays.
      Histochemically determined enzyme activities were linear with respect to tissue
      thickness and reaction time. Biochemically determined enzyme activities were also
      linear with respect to tissue thickness and incubation time. Consecutive tissue
      sections, assayed either histochemically or biochemically, were used to establish
      a linear regression equation that allowed quantitative histochemically determined
      reaction rates, measured in optical density per minute, to be calibrated as
      nanomoles per minute.

PMID- 4045184
TI  - The hyaluronic acid binding region as a specific probe for the localization of
      hyaluronic acid in tissue sections. Application to chick embryo and rat brain.
AB  - The hyaluronic acid binding region was prepared by clostripain digestion of
      chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan isolated from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma, and
      biotinylated in the presence of associated hyaluronic acid and link protein.
      After removal of hyaluronic acid by gel filtration in 4 M guanidine HCl, the
      biotinylated binding region-link protein complex was used as a specific
      histochemical probe in conjunction with avidin-peroxidase. Its utility was
      initially evaluated by comparison with Alcian blue staining of the axial region
      of 2 to 5 day chick embryos, where staining was seen in the dorsolateral area
      between the neural tube and the ectoderm, in the perichordal mesenchyme, and in
      developing limb buds. Light and electron microscopic studies of early postnatal
      rat cerebellum indicate that hyaluronic acid is primarily localized in the
      extracellular space of immature brain. Staining specificity was demonstrated by
      the ability of hyaluronic acid oligosaccharides of appropriate size to block the
      staining reaction, and by the absence of staining after treatment of tissue
      sections with protease-free Streptomyces hyaluronidase, which degrades only this
      glycosaminoglycan.

PMID- 4045185
TI  - Reflex control of blood pressure and heart rate by arterial baroreceptors and by
      cardiopulmonary receptors in the unanaesthetized cat.
AB  - Studies in unanaesthetized animals have reported that section of the carotid
      sinus and aortic nerves is accompanied by an increased blood pressure variability
      but not by a sustained blood pressure rise, thus questioning the role of arterial
      baroreceptors in the long term control of mean blood pressure values. However,
      sino-aortic denervation (SAD) does not produce denervation of all baroreceptor
      areas, and it has been suggested that aortic baroreceptor fibres in the vagus and
      cardiopulmonary vagal afferents that restrain sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone
      prevent blood pressure from permanently rising. In unanaesthetized cats we
      recorded blood pressure intra-arterially for 8-12 h when baroreflexes were
      intact, 7 days after SAD and 1-2 days additional bilateral cervical vagotomy.
      Blood pressure signals were analysed by computer to provide means and
      coefficients of variation (CV, variabilities) for each recording period. In
      intact cats, mean blood pressure was 99 +/- 7 mmHg (average +/- s.e.) and CV 6 +/
      1%. SAD did not alter mean blood pressure but markedly increased CV (12 +/- 2%;
      P less than 0.01). Additional vagotomy did not alter mean blood pressure (104 +/-
      6 mmHg), nor did it alter the increased CV observed after SAD alone. Vagotomy
      failed to affect mean blood pressure and CV even when performed in cats with
      intact carotid and aortic nerves. The lack of effect of vagotomy did not depend
      on simultaneous section of afferent and efferent fibres, because selective
      blockade of the latter by atropine also failed to affect mean blood pressure and
      CV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045186
TI  - Blood pressure in the 'low-pressure system' and cardiac performance in essential
      hypertension.
AB  - Determinations of central venous pressure, cardiac haemodynamics and rapid volume
      expansion using iso-oncotic dextran were made in 49 men with sustained,
      uncomplicated essential hypertension and compared with those in 27 normotensive
      subjects of the same age and sex. In the hypertensives, central venous pressure
      was significantly increased in basal conditions while the cardiac index was
      normal and total blood volume was reduced. There was a positive and significant
      correlation of central venous pressure with age, arterial pressure and pulmonary
      wedge pressure. After rapid volume expansion, the slope of the curve relating
      cardiac output to central venous pressure was within the normal range, while the
      slope of the curve relating blood volume to central venous pressure was
      significantly reduced. The study provided evidence that in hypertensives: central
      venous pressure as well as arterial pressure is increased, the elevated central
      venous pressure is not due to an alteration in the cardiac 'pump function' or to
      hypervolaemia but rather to a decrease in the compliance of the venous bed or the
      left ventricle or both, and the strong correlation with age of the venous
      disturbances is similar to that found for the arterial side of the circulation.

PMID- 4045187
TI  - Blood pressure monitoring over short day and night times cannot predict 24-hour
      average blood pressure.
AB  - Evidence has been produced that average 24-h or day-time blood pressure (BP)
      values provide a better diagnosis of hypertension and a better prediction of its
      risk than BP values provided by one or few isolated measurements. This has led to
      a number of attempts to simplify the time-consuming procedure necessary to obtain
      this information and to identify short periods during the 24 h when average BP
      might closely reflect the 24-h or day-time average values. In 40 ambulant
      subjects BP was recorded intra-arterially for 24 h using the Oxford method. The
      BP signal was analysed beat-to-beat by a computer to obtain the average 24-h mean
      BP values. This value was compared with the mean BP average values obtained by
      beat-to-beat analysis of subperiods of the same recording, ranging from 30 min to
      12 h in duration. For each duration the analysis was performed on 48 different
      subperiods, each shifted by 30 min from the preceding one, so that every time
      interval within the 24 h was considered. Throughout the 24-h period the average
      mean BP values obtained by the analysis of the 30-min subperiods showed very
      marked differences compared to the 24-h mean BP average. The differences between
      the subperiod and 24-h values showed a progressive reduction as the subperiod
      duration was increased. Their magnitude, however, was still marked for subperiods
      of 2 and 4 h, and only showed a clear-cut attenuation when the subperiods
      encompassed 12 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045188
TI  - Similarity of blood pressure in blacks, whites and Asians in England: the
      Birmingham Factory Study.
AB  - Factory workers aged 16-64 years were screened for ethnic differences in blood
      pressure. The 78% response rate was evenly spread between whites (439 men; 164
      women), black West Indians (173 men; 101 women) and Asians (172 men). Mean
      systolic and diastolic pressures by age decade in men were similar in all three
      groups, but there was a modest excess of both higher and lower blood pressures in
      blacks and Asians. Older black women had higher blood pressures than whites, but
      body mass indices were 2-5 kg/m2 greater. Multiple regression analysis revealed
      no significant effect of ethnic group on either systolic or diastolic blood
      pressure variance and that the higher pressures in black women were accounted for
      by differences in age and body mass index. The influence of body mass index was
      more marked on diastolic than systolic pressure. In men, alcohol intake and a
      family history of hypertension had small independent positive effects on systolic
      pressure. The lack of black/white difference in blood pressure differs from the
      United States results and may be due to the similarity in social class of
      participants. This should be confirmed in further population samples with larger
      numbers of black (and Asian) subjects.

PMID- 4045189
TI  - Redevelopment of elevated blood pressure following adrenalectomy in rats with
      isolation-induced hypertension.
AB  - We have previously shown that rats housed in individual metabolism cages develop
      arterial hypertension and that this can be prevented by adrenalectomy. In the
      present work the influence of adrenalectomy on blood pressure, heart rate and on
      fluid and electrolyte balance was investigated in rats with established isolation
      induced hypertension. Seven days after adrenalectomy, systolic blood pressure was
      reduced to levels similar to those seen before the induction of hypertension; the
      fall in blood pressure was accompanied by tachycardia. It is likely that the
      reduction in blood pressure was partly due to volume depletion, since
      adrenalectomized rats showed reductions in fluid, sodium and potassium balance
      during the first week after operation. Over the following 3 weeks, blood pressure
      and heart rate returned to pre-operative hypertensive levels, associated with
      increasingly positive balances for fluid and sodium. Maintenance of elevated
      blood pressure in isolated rats following adrenalectomy is likely to have been
      aided by activation of the renin-angiotensin system, since infusion of saralasin
      caused profound hypotension in these circumstances, whereas it had a slight
      pressor effect in intact rats with isolation-induced hypertension.

PMID- 4045191
TI  - 8th Scientific Congress of the German Hypertension League. Dortmund, West
      Germany, 8-10 November 1984. Abstracts.

PMID- 4045190
TI  - Population dynamics determine whether adrenocortical or adrenomedullary factors
      predominate in psychosocially stressed rats.

PMID- 4045192
TI  - Immune complexes in purpura hemorrhagica of the horse contain IgA and M antigen
      of Streptococcus equi.
AB  - Purpura hemorrhagica is an acute disease of the horse characterized by edema of
      the head and limbs, leucocytoclastic vasculitis, petechial hemorrhages in
      mucosae, musculature and viscera, and sometimes glomerulonephritis. It is usually
      associated with strangles, an upper respiratory tract disease of the horse caused
      by Streptococcus equi. We have detected and characterized immune complexes in the
      sera of horses with poststrangles purpura hemorrhagica by using PEG precipitation
      and Western blot analysis. The immune complexes contained IgA and S. equi
      specific antigens similar to those found in acid extracts. We propose that
      purpura hemorrhagica is an immune complex-mediated disease.

PMID- 4045193
TI  - Purification and analysis of isoforms of soluble immune response suppressor
      (SIRS).
AB  - Soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS) isolated from the T cell hybrid 393D2.6
      was originally reported to exist as at least two m.w. forms and to migrate on
      reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography columns as three separate
      species. In experiments presented here, a further analysis of the different
      chromatographic forms of SIRS has been carried out. SIRS-alpha elutes from C-18
      reverse-phase columns in 20% propanol. When SIRS-alpha is subjected to
      isoelectric focusing, three biologically active species are isolated at
      approximately pH7, approximately pH6, and approximately pH5 (SIRS-alpha 7, SIRS
      alpha 6, and SIRS-alpha 5, respectively). SIRS-beta elutes in 30% propanol, and
      on isoelectric focusing the biologic activity is found only at approximately pH7
      (SIRS-beta 7). Both the alpha and beta forms of SIRS have nearly identical m.w.
      when subjected to molecular sieve chromatography and migrate with a m.w. of
      11,000. The molecular basis for these isoforms is not yet clear but is consistent
      with earlier studies showing two separate messenger RNA species coding for SIRS.

PMID- 4045194
TI  - Antibodies to the alpha-subunit of insulin receptor from eggs of immunized hens.
AB  - Simple methods for the generation, purification, and assay of antibodies to the
      alpha-subunit of insulin receptor from eggs of immunized hens have been
      described. Chicken antibodies against the alpha-subunit inhibit insulin binding
      to the receptor and stimulate glucose oxidation as well as autophosphorylation of
      the beta-subunit. Thus the properties of chicken antibodies are very similar to
      those of antibodies found in human autoimmune diseases and different from rabbit
      antibodies obtained against the same antigen.

PMID- 4045195
TI  - Properties of glycans that activate the human alternative complement pathway and
      interact with the human monocyte beta-glucan receptor.
AB  - The glycans used in an earlier study to define the ligand specificity of the
      human monocyte phagocytic receptor for unopsonized particulate activators were
      assessed for their capacities to activate the proteins of the human alternative
      complement pathway. Normal human serum was preincubated with glycans under
      conditions of chelation to prevent activation of the classical complement
      pathway, and the activation-depletion of the alternative complement pathway was
      determined by the subsequent capacity of the serum to lyse rabbit erythrocytes
      (Er). When serum was preincubated at a 1/2 dilution in 8 mM EGTA/2 mM Mg with
      increasing numbers of yeast glucan or zymosan particles, and was evaluated at
      final serum dilutions of 1/8, its capacity to lyse Er was found to be reduced by
      50% with 1.9 X 10(6)/ml yeast glucan particles and 1.4 X 10(6)/ml zymosan
      particles. At 2 mg/ml of serum diluted 1/2 in 8 mM EGTA/2 mM Mg, nonturbid
      preparations of mannan, laminarin, or pyrogen-free inulin and turbid suspensions
      of cellulose, Sephadex, agarose, or purified inulin failed to activate the
      alternative complement pathway. In contrast, activation-depletion of the
      alternative pathway was induced by turbid preparations of crude inulin, nigeran,
      pachyman, barley beta-glucan, and pustulan, which at 700 micrograms/ml, 500
      micrograms/ml, 350 micrograms/ml, 60 micrograms/ml, and 27 micrograms/ml,
      respectively, effected 50% reductions in the subsequent lysis of Er. After
      centrifugation of 2 mg/ml suspensions of barley beta-glucan at 1100 X G for 5 min
      and at 15,000 X G for 15 min, the supernatants contained 90 to 92% and 65% of the
      barley beta-glucan, respectively, as determined by the anthrone method. On a
      weight basis, the 1100 X G supernatant exhibited the same capacity to activate
      the alternative pathway as the corresponding original suspension, whereas the
      15,000 X G supernatants had less than 3% of the original anti-complementary
      activity. Preincubation of adherent human monocytes with increasing
      concentrations of barley beta-glucan suspensions, 100,000 X G supernatants
      containing 64% of the original beta-glucan, and laminarin all decreased
      subsequent ingestion of 1.25 X 10(6) zymosan particles in a dose-related fashion.
      The numbers of monocytes from three different donors phagocytosing zymosan were
      reduced by 50% after pretreatment with 30 to 65 micrograms/ml, 25 to 48
      micrograms/ml, and 12 to 15 micrograms/ml of barley beta-glucan suspensions,
      100,000 X G supernatants of barley beta-glucan, and laminarin, respectively, even
      though the latter two preparations were fully soluble and had no capacity to
      activate the alternative pathway.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4045196
TI  - Phorbol myristate acetate receptors in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
AB  - Resting or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-pretreated neutrophils were disrupted
      by nitrogen cavitation and were fractionated on Percoll density gradients to
      identify the subcellular location of PMA receptors. Receptors were found in the
      cytoplasm of resting cells; neither primary nor secondary granules bound [3H]PMA,
      and the few binding sites located in non-granule membrane fractions appeared to
      reflect cytosolic contamination. Contrastingly, PMA-pretreated cells lost
      cytosolic receptors; greater than 80% of PMA-binding sites were associated with
      non-granule membranes. Protein kinase C activity similarly shifted from cytosol
      to membranes after PMA treatment. Indeed, protein kinase C and PMA receptors co
      sedimented on Percoll gradients, co-eluted from Ultragel AcA 44 columns loaded
      with neutrophil cytoplasm, and were identically influenced by various
      phospholipids. Finally, PMA, mezerein, diacylglycerol, and dialkylglycerol
      activated protein kinase C with potencies that paralleled their respective
      abilities to stimulate neutrophil aggregation responses and inhibit [3H]PMA
      binding to whole cells or cytosol. These results fit a model of stimulus-response
      coupling wherein exogenous PMA or endogenous diacylglycerol solvate in cellular
      membranes. Cytosolic protein kinase C binds to the intramembranous ligand,
      forming an active, membrane-associated complex that phosphorylates nearby
      elements involved in triggering aggregation and other responses.

PMID- 4045197
TI  - An innate host response to the neoplastic cell: syngeneic rat tumor cells can
      elicit a rapid de novo lymphoid procoagulant response.
AB  - To analyze unique molecular differences between normal and neoplastic cells, we
      have examined host responses to tumor cells. The present study provides the first
      evidence for an innate rapid recognitive response of the lymphoid system to some
      syngeneic tumors. The lymphoid procoagulant (PCA) response, a T cell-instructed
      monocyte response that activates proteases of the coagulation cascade culminating
      in thrombin formation, is considered a component of classic delayed-type
      hypersensitivity responses. We have demonstrated that three syngeneic rat mammary
      carcinomas elicit this cellular response in vitro in lymphoid cells of the
      unimmunized rat. The response was rapid, reaching maximum within 6 hr. Analysis
      was compounded by the constitutive PCA activity of some tumors; however, the PCA
      product produced in the response to tumor challenge in vitro was newly
      biosynthesized and was of lymphoid cell origin, differing from the PCA of tumor
      cells. The lymphoid PCA response was prothrombinase-like and did not require
      vitamin K for biosynthesis, nor were other gamma-carboxylation-dependent
      extrinsic pathway proteases other than prothrombin required for thrombin
      generation. Both in vivo and in vitro derived mammary carcinoma cells elicited
      the response, whereas a fibrosarcoma and nontransformed syngeneic cells did not.
      Tumor shed substances, which were devoid of PCA and sedimentable only in part at
      100,000 X G, induced this cellular response. The same stimuli shed from tumor
      cells did not directly elicit a PCA response from elicited peritoneal
      macrophages; however, in the presence of T lymphocytes a PCA response of these
      macrophages was produced. This study provides novel information to indicate that
      a T-enriched lymphocyte-dependent monocyte-macrophage response to some tumors,
      before effective in vivo immunization, may participate in initial local protease
      generation and fibrin deposition, both thought to play a significant role in the
      local pathobiology of tumors.

PMID- 4045198
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a model system:
      identification of two novel CEA-related antigens in meconium and colorectal
      carcinoma tissue by Western blots and differential immunoaffinity chromatography.
AB  - In a previous study, five monoclonal antibodies against the carcinoembryonic
      antigen (CEA) with different epitope specificities were delineated. One of these
      antibodies which exhibits a high affinity for CEA binds to different carcinoma
      tissues, to liver tissue, and to granulocytes. This antibody was selected for the
      immunoaffinity purification of CEA and related antigens from colorectal carcinoma
      tissue, from spleen tissues, from bile, and from meconium. After elution from the
      immunosorbent, the antigens were separated by SDS-PAGE, were transferred to
      nitrocellulose, and were incubated with the five different antibodies. Antibody
      T84.1 bound to the following antigens: 177 kD and 128 kD from colonic carcinoma,
      81 kD from bile, 49 kD from spleen, as well as 165 kD and 100 kD from meconium.
      Two additional antibodies showed a similar binding pattern. The fourth antibody
      (CEA.11) bound to the 165 kD meconium antigen and to the two colorectal carcinoma
      antigens. The fifth antibody (T84.66) showed a strong reaction with the 177 kD
      colorectal carcinoma antigen and a faint reaction with a 183 kD antigen in
      meconium. As judged from m.w. and immunochemical properties, the 128 kD
      colorectal carcinoma antigen and the 100 kD meconium antigen are two novel CEA
      related antigens. Because antibody CEA.11 did not bind to the 100 kD meconium
      antigen in Western blots, the 165 kD antigen could be eluted from a CEA.11
      immunosorbent without contamination by the 100 kD antigen. Similarly, as
      predicted from the binding pattern in the Western blots, the two colorectal
      carcinoma antigens were separated from each other by a T84.66 immunosorbent.

PMID- 4045199
TI  - Purification and characterization of a high molecular weight glycoprotein
      detectable in human milk and breast carcinomas.
AB  - The murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) designated DF3 has defined a high m.w.
      antigen detectable in human breast carcinomas and in human milk. DF3 antigen is
      detectable on apical borders of secretory mammary epithelial cells and in the
      cytosol of less differentiated malignant cells. DF3 antigen expression has been
      shown to correlate with the degree of human breast tumor differentiation, and the
      detection of a cross-reactive species in human milk has suggested that DF3
      antigen might be useful as a biochemical marker of differentiated mammary
      epithelial cells. To further characterize DF3 antigen, we have developed an
      approach to purify the cross-reactive species by using gel filtration and
      antibody affinity chromatography. The affinity column-purified DF3 antigen was
      absorbed by wheat germ agglutinin and peanut agglutinin, but not by concanavalin
      A or lentil lectin. In contrast, wheat germ agglutinin inhibited MAb DF3
      reactivity with the purified antigen, whereas there was little, if any,
      inhibition when using peanut agglutinin. These findings are thus consistent with
      the involvement of terminal N-acetyl-D-neuraminic acid and/or N-acetylglucosamine
      residues in the antigenic site. DF3 antigenicity was also sensitive to
      neuraminidase, but not chondroitinase ABC, chondroitinase AC, chondroitin-4
      sulfatase, or hyaluronidase. Furthermore, DF3 antigen was sensitive to Pronase,
      subtilisin BPN', and alpha-chymotrypsin. The presence of O-glycosidic linkages
      between carbohydrate and protein in the DF3 antigenic site was further supported
      by the presence of NaBH4-sensitive sites. Together, these results suggest that
      sialyl oligosaccharides present on a peptide backbone are required for
      maintaining DF3 antigenicity. Similar findings have been demonstrated for DF3
      antigen purified from both human milk and breast cancer effusions. However, the
      DF3 antigen in human milk consisted of a single high m.w. species, whereas the
      tumor-associated antigen consisted of two distinct glycoproteins with m.w. of
      330,000 and 450,000. These findings may be relevant to the recent demonstration
      that distinct high m.w. DF3 antigens are elevated in the circulation of patients
      with breast carcinoma.

PMID- 4045200
TI  - Antiserum to PS myeloma protein overmeasures IgE.

PMID- 4045201
TI  - A quantitative assay of oxidative metabolism by neutrophils in whole blood using
      flow cytometry.
AB  - A large number of purified and washed PMNLs are required to monitor generation of
      active oxygen derivatives in most in vitro studies and this can preclude
      investigations in small children. The present method has enabled us to measure
      the oxidative burst (generation of hydrogen peroxide) of PMNLs in a small amount
      of whole blood using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, phorbol myristate
      acetate and flow cytometry. Optimal conditions for this determination were
      evaluated and the reaction was found to be independent of the absolute numbers of
      PMNLs and other types of cell in whole blood. The present method will be of value
      in investigations of the leukocyte metabolism of patients not only with chronic
      granulomatous disease (CGD) but also with various infectious diseases.

PMID- 4045202
TI  - Measurement of squirrel monkey serum IgG levels by a two-site sandwich
      radioimmunoassay with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies against the squirrel monkey Saimiri sciureus IgG have been
      produced for a more specific analysis of the antibody-related immunological
      aspects in experimental human or monkey malaria. Two monoclonal antibodies,
      3D8/D5 and 3F11/G10, out of 64 reacted with distinct epitopes on the IgG present
      throughout the complete population without interfering with each other. The 2
      monoclonal antibodies were used to develop a highly specific, reliable and
      sensitive two-site sandwich radioimmunoassay for the measurement of the serum IgG
      levels in 83 animals. The antibodies also allowed us to produce by a simple
      immunoabsorbent technique a highly purified IgG standard easy to calibrate and
      store. The assay permits the detection of IgG levels as low as 0.48 ng/ml. The
      standard curve is linear between 3.9 and 125 ng protein/ml and allows by a simple
      mathematical equation an accurate measurement of the serum IgG levels.

PMID- 4045203
TI  - Human secondary immune responses induced by influenza in a serum-free tissue
      culture system.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes are capable of producing antibody in response to
      antigenic stimulation by a recall antigen, influenza, during culture for 10 days
      in medium consisting of 1 part Ham's F-12 and 1 part Iscove's modified Dulbecco's
      medium supplemented with sodium bicarbonate, bovine crystalline insulin, human
      transferrin, 2-mercaptoethanol, progesterone, and bovine serum albumin. Anti
      influenza antibody levels in the supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay. Optimal conditions for production of anti-influenza antibody
      in this serum-free medium were: influenza concentration, 0.032-0.125 HAU/ml; day
      of harvest, 10; and cell concentration, 3.0-4.0 X 10(5) cells in 200 microliter
      of medium per well. Use of serum-free medium will allow examination of the
      effects of various additives to tissue culture without concern for unknown
      factors or potential interaction with serum.

PMID- 4045204
TI  - [Primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder. Apropos of 5 cases].
AB  - The authors relate five cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder that
      occurred between 1977 and 1983. Four tumours were located in the base and the
      lateral sides of the bladder, while the fifth was in the dome. Four tumours out
      of five were invading when diagnosis was done and were cured by a wide surgical
      cutting-away; the fifth which was a superficial one, was stopped by endoscopic
      resection. Bladder primary adenocarcinoma represent less than two percent of the
      whole epithelial tumours of this organ. They can be found under two specific
      topographic aspects: the first one, located in the dome or in the anterior wall
      is considered as a tumour of urachus, the second one, usually located in the
      trigonal and peri-trigonal area is considered as a vesical adenocarcinoma proper.
      The histogenesis of these lesions quite probably lies in a mechanism of vesical
      urothelium metaplasia under the influence of mechanical and infectious factors.
      Most of these tumours are isolated and invading when they are found out. One
      might distinguish adenocarcinomas similar to those of the gut, from urothelial
      carcinomas where the metaplastic glandular features are predominant. Clinically,
      glandular tumours hardly differ from the usual urothelial invading carcinoma
      except by a mucus secretion in the bladder that is, however quite unusual.
      Prognosis of such lesions is bad but a little better in urachus carcinoma cases.
      The treatment is surgical and involves a wide cutting-away, the extent of which
      can be discussed for urachus tumors. The impact of radiotherapy and chemotherapy
      upon them has still to be proved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045205
TI  - [Treatment of bladder carcinoma in situ].
AB  - The authors report their experience in the treatment of 21 patients with
      carcinoma situ of the bladder. Although the safest therapy is radical cystectomy
      this operation nevertheless is extremely mutilating. For these reason initially
      we prefer local chemotherapy with ADM continued with careful follow-up of the
      patient.

PMID- 4045206
TI  - [Percutaneous nephrostomy and its applications. Personal experience].
AB  - 211 percutaneous nephrostomies (PCN) have been performed on 189 patients under
      combined fluoroscopic and reel time ultra-sound guidance. 4 major complications
      occurred with consisted in one hemorrhage and 3 septicemias. Indication of the
      PCN was diagnostic in 35 cases and therapeutic in 176 cases. Decompression of
      pyelo-caliceal system (89 cases) among with 72 in emergency, drying of an urinary
      fistula (8 cases), balloon dilatation of benign ureteral stenoses (18 cases) and
      treatment of 60 renal stones (3 dissolutions and 57 extractions). Results showed
      the drying of the fistula in all cases, the long term success of the balloon
      dilatation in 50% cases and 80% success rate of stone extraction.

PMID- 4045207
TI  - [Malignant tumor of testicular gonadal stroma. Treatment by combined chemotherapy
      radiotherapy].
AB  - The authors report the case of a 49-years-old man with an undifferentiated
      malignant gonadal stromal tumor of the right testis. Malignancy is confirmed by
      metastasis in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. After 6 courses of chemotherapy
      with Cis-platinum, a retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy was performed and the
      section of the nodes showed a muscular differentiation of the tumor. This drug
      regimen did nod induce a complete response and an early recurrence occurs after
      lymphadenectomy which included the right ureter. The renal function was preserved
      by the way of a double J indwelling ureteral stent. A total remission was
      obtained with chemotherapy using Cis-platinum and 5-Fluorouracil, associated with
      a rapid fraction irradiation for six courses. Total response was assessed by
      scanner and by a laparotomy for bowel radiation sclerosis.

PMID- 4045208
TI  - [Iridium curietherapy in conservative treatment of infiltrating cancer of the
      bladder].
AB  - Sixty patients with infiltrating bladder cancer were treated by partial
      cystectomy and iridium radiotherapy between 1977 and 1982. Actuarial 5-year
      survival was 90% for pT1, 51% for pT2 and 34% for pT3, bladder treatment being
      unsuccessful in 6 cases (11%). Long-term functional results were satisfactory.
      Iridium provides better radioprotection than radium and stricter dosage can be
      established. This conservative treatment for infiltrating bladder cancer is
      particularly indicated for pT1 and pT2 tumors, as single lesions and with a
      largest diameter not exceeding 4 cm. Results are better in cases with tumors of
      the mobile portion of bladder, the 5-year survival in these selected cases being
      85% with a minimum of sequelae. This treatment may be used, generally combined
      with external radiotherapy, for tumors infiltrating deeply into muscle and more
      distant tissues.

PMID- 4045209
TI  - [Neurogenic bladder caused by spinal cord traction].
AB  - A neurogenic bladder was the presenting syndrome in three cases of spinal cord
      traction. Of the typical symptomatic triad: neuro-orthopedic, cutaneous and
      urologic, the latter was of primary importance. Symptoms in the first case were
      incomplete bladder retention with distention of upper urinary tract, right-sided
      vesicorenal reflux and renal insufficiency. Six months after excision of a sacral
      lipoma and freeing of the filum terminale, micturition had become normal without
      residue, and renal function normalized. Right-sided reflux was corrected by
      submucosal advancement surgery with good results. The clinical history was more
      suggestive in the second case. Although inaugural symptoms were mictional, there
      was foot paralysis and a retrosacral lipoma above an abnormal hairy tuft in the
      upper part of the gluteal cleft. Operation revealed the presence of a dermoid
      cyst and a lipoma. Their excision combined with section of the filum terminale
      allowing ascension of the medullary cone. Marked clinical and urodynamic
      improvement was obtained with normal micturition and disappearance of
      incontinence. An anti-reflux operation suppressed residual reflux with good
      urographic results. Marked improvement in mictional disorders was obtained also
      in the 3rd case after excision of a sacral extradural lipoma and section of the
      filum terminale, allowing objective ascension of the medullary cone by 4 cm. A
      very detailed analysis was conducted of similar cases reported in the literature,
      about 2% of neurogenic bladders in children being affected. The importance of
      early diagnosis is emphasized as well as the essential need to establish a
      precise diagnosis of the lipoma of cauda equina and of medullary fixation. Early
      neurosurgery is justified by the high frequency of improvement in cases treated
      in this way.

PMID- 4045210
TI  - [Locoregional staging of prostatic neoplasms by extemporaneous histological
      examination of pelvic lymph nodes].
AB  - Pelvic lymphadenectomy prior to radical prostatectomy is essential to detect
      lymph nodal extension of prostatic cancer. Accuracy obtained by means of frozen
      section examination of the nodes is particularly favourable. Frozen sections
      correspond to paraffin sections in 100% of the cases. Authors' experience in 42
      consecutive patients candidates to radical prostatic procedure is herein
      presented.

PMID- 4045211
TI  - Primary transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - Transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate is an unusual finding usually
      associated with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. We recently treated
      two patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate without evidence of
      bladder involvement. Their histories are reviewed and the literature pertinent to
      this entity is discussed.

PMID- 4045212
TI  - [Tissue diffusion of flumequine into human renal and prostatic tissues. Assay of
      flumequine by high performance liquid chromatography after administration of 800
      mg/day over 48 hours, the sampling being done 12 hours after the last ingestion].
AB  - Diffusion of flumequine into human renal and prostatic tissues was studied.
      Chemical characteristics and the natural antibacterial spectrum of the compound
      are described and its rapidity of absorbtion emphasized, blood levels being
      detected 30 minutes after administration. Maximum plasma levels were reached
      after 2 to 3 hours and were of the order of 17 mcg/ml, half-life being
      approximately 10 hours. Plasma protein binding capacity was 60 to 70%, indicating
      liposolubility enabling diffusion into prostatic parenchyma. Flumequine was
      recovered in the urine 2 hours after oral administration, maximum urinary
      concentrations being reached after between 3 and 6 hours, and being of the order
      of 280 mg/ml after single-dose 40 mg administration. The product was still
      recovered from the urine 12 hours later, and 60 to 70% of the dose administered
      after 24 hours, including 20.6% of active form. To evaluate renal and prostatic
      tissue diffusion 2 series of patients were studied 10 after renal surgery and 14
      prostatic operations. Diffusion was excellent into renal parenchyma since the
      mean ratio between renal tissue and plasma concentrations was 2.41. Urine
      concentrations were even more extraordinary since the ratio was 136. In contrast,
      prostatic tissue concentrations were lower than plasma concentrations, the ratio
      between the two being 0.26, although levels is prostatic tissue were still
      sufficiently elevated to be effective against germs sensitive to flumequine.

PMID- 4045213
TI  - [Iatrogenic stenosis of the urethra. Apropos of 67 cases].
AB  - Iatrogenic causes of stenosis of urethra appear to be increasing in frequency, 67
      cases out of a total of 400 patients seen between 1974 and 1981 being of
      iatrogenic origin. The principal cause is the use of a urethral catheter, since
      it was the only etiologic factor in 32 cases and the main factor in the remaining
      patients. Various therapeutic methods are used, preference being given quite
      clearly to internal urethrotomy. Prevention is of fundamental importance and is
      based on the less untimely routine use of urethral catheters, particularly after
      general surgical operations and in intensive care.

PMID- 4045214
TI  - [Metabolic evaluation of urinary calculi. What is a reasonable limitation? 2:
      Practical approach].
AB  - There appears to be little justification for conducting major metabolic screening
      for all cases of urinary calculi, both because of the cost, and the weak
      therapeutic advantages faced with the increased urine output. It is more logical
      to use simple methods to distinguish two groups of patients: Those in whom the
      affection is easily curable: dietary excess, abuse of therapeutic means,
      hyperparathyroidism, uric acid stones. Those in whom the affection may become
      worse: cystinuria, urinary malformations, recurrent calculi. Simple
      investigations in all patients should be: Antecedents, regimens, drugs.
      Radiography, analysis of stones, allowing for errors. Cystinuria, urinary pH.
      Creatininemia, uricemia, calcemia. Examinations must be performed effectively,
      even in outpatients, and the results read (not always the case). For patients at
      risk, discovered initially or only after this first selection, excretion
      anomalies are investigated, only a few of them being submitted to a Pak's test.

PMID- 4045215
TI  - [Uretero-nephroscopy. Personal experience].
AB  - The authors present the personal experience concerning with the use of the rigid
      ureteropyeloscopes. Two groups of patients have been studied. In the first one
      (14 subjects) the ureteropyeloscopy was performed either with diagnostic or
      therapeutic purposes, in the second one, just as upper urinary tract endoscopic
      control in patients previously submitted to distal ureteral resection and
      ureteroneocystostomy for urothelial neoplasia of the distal ureter. The authors
      presenting the personal results and complications, discuss the indications for
      the upper urinary tract endoscopy with rigid instruments.

PMID- 4045216
TI  - Mechanism of lysosomal enzyme release from Mercenaria mercenaria granulocytes: a
      scanning electron microscope study.

PMID- 4045217
TI  - Lamellar body-enriched fractions from neonatal mice: preparative techniques and
      partial characterization.
AB  - Several problems have frustrated the isolation of lamellar bodies (LB) from
      mammalian epidermis. We obtained pellets enriched in intact LB by utilizing the
      staphylococcal epidermolytic toxin to provide intact, outer epidermal sheets, by
      controlled homogenization in a cell disrupter, and by passage of homogenates
      through a graded series of nuclepore filters (Science 221:962, 1983). Such
      preparations contained more intact LB than did fractions prepared by a variety of
      differential or sucrose/metrizamide discontinuous centrifugation methods. Initial
      characterization of the enzymatic content of this fraction revealed it to be
      enriched in certain hydrolytic enzymes (acid phosphatase, carboxypeptidase,
      cathepsin B, acid lipase, sphingomyelinase, and phospholipase A), but strikingly
      depleted in all sulfatases, beta-glucuronidase, and the non-lysosomal protease,
      plasminogen activator. Thus, LB show some properties of lysosomes, although
      certain characteristic lysosomal enzymes are strikingly absent. Lamellar body
      fractions contained 2-3 times more lipid per unit weight than did homogenates,
      and were enriched in phospholipids, free sterols, and glycosphingolipids, but not
      in other neutral lipids or ceramides. In summary, whereas some of the enzymes in
      LB could participate in the metabolism of LB lipid precursors to hydrophobic
      barrier constituents, others may attack intercellular constituents, ultimately
      resulting in desquamation. The lipid profile of these organelles suggests that
      they deliver precursors of permeability barrier lipids to intercellular domains.

PMID- 4045218
TI  - Lipid composition and acid hydrolase content of lamellar granules of fetal rat
      epidermis.
AB  - Lipids and acid hydrolases have been characterized in a subcellular fraction,
      enriched with lamellar granules (LG), derived from fetal rat epidermis. This
      fraction contains 23% glycosyl ceramides and ceramides, 15% free sterols, and 34%
      phospholipids. The lipid/protein ratio is 2.0. The sterols and sphingolipids were
      present in proportions similar to those previously reported in stratum corneum.
      These findings provide direct biochemical evidence for the widely accepted
      hypothesis that stratum corneum lipids are derived from exocytosis of lamellar
      granules into the intercellular space. The LG fraction was enriched in certain
      acid hydrolases including glucosidase, acid phosphatase, phospholipases A, and
      sphingomyelinase; other acid hydrolases, i.e., amino-glycosidases, glactosidase
      and aryl sulfatase (pH 5.5), and steroid sulfatase were not preferentially
      localized in this fraction. By modulation of phospholipids, glycolipids, and
      proteins in the membrane regions of stratum corneum, the acid hydrolases of LG
      may play a role relevant to the function and desquamation of stratum corneum.

PMID- 4045219
TI  - An organ culture model for examining epidermal desquamation.
AB  - The use of organ cultures of mouse ear skin for examining mechanisms of stratum
      corneum shedding has been investigated. The formation and loss of stratum corneum
      cells was assessed by electron microscopic autoradiography and from counts of
      stratum corneum cell layers taken from sections of plastic-embedded specimens.
      Using media supplemented with cortisone, there was a linear accumulation of
      stratum corneum cell layers and the rate of epidermal cell formation corresponded
      approximately to that in vivo. Cells that accumulated at the stratum corneum
      surface were loose and could consistently be removed by treatment with detergent
      and ultrasonication indicating the persistence of shedding mechanisms in vitro.

PMID- 4045220
TI  - The in vitro hydrolysis of diisopropyl fluorophosphate during penetration through
      human full-thickness skin and isolated epidermis.
AB  - Skin may play an important role in the detoxification of certain substances
      during their passage into the body. The degree of hydrolysis of diisopropyl
      fluorophosphate, DFP, in skin suspensions and during penetration through isolated
      epidermis and full-thickness skin from humans was investigated in vitro. When
      isolated sheets of epidermis were used, 11% of the penetrated amount of DFP was
      hydrolyzed whereas 46% was hydrolyzed during penetration through full-thickness
      skin. A comparison is made between the degree of hydrolysis during penetration as
      obtained from direct measurements and that calculated from kinetic data of the
      enzyme (Kappm and Vappmax), the half-life of DFP, the skin concentration, and the
      lag time. The concentration of DFP in the skin was not measured, but the
      concentration of DFP equivalents (DFP and metabolites formed during penetration)
      was determined at different times. At steady state, the amount of DFP equivalents
      in the skin corresponded to the amount that had penetrated into the skin during
      the lag time. This indicates that the penetration rate corresponded to the uptake
      via the skin and that no diffusion barrier existed between the skin and the
      receptor medium. It was also found that the concentration in the skin was
      proportional to the penetration rate, thus indicating that the enzymatic degree
      of hydrolysis depends upon the penetration rate.

PMID- 4045222
TI  - Influence of genes of the major histocompatibility complex on ulcerative dermal
      necrosis induced in mice by Mycoplasma arthritidis.
AB  - All mouse strains injected s.c. with Mycoplasma arthritidis developed severe
      abscesses in the subdermal tissues. However, M. arthritidis strain 14124 P10 also
      induced an ulcerative dermal coagulation necrosis in mouse strains expressing the
      k and d haplotypes but not in those expressing the b, q, or s haplotypes. The use
      of inbred and congenic mouse strains established that the ulcerative necrosis was
      associated with the haplotypes expressed at the H2 major histocompatibility
      complex (MHC). The gene restriction seen could be partially overcome by using a
      more virulent mouse-passaged strain of M. arthritidis (158 P10P9). The data
      suggest that genes of the MHC function by rendering certain mouse strains more
      susceptible to an as yet unidentified necrotizing moiety. The close histologic
      resemblance of the dermal necrosis induced by M. arthritidis to certain human
      diseases such as necrotizing fasciitis, the ulcerative lesions induced by
      Mycobacterium ulcerans, and the crepitant and gangrenous cellulitides may
      therefore provide a unique model to study the genetic factors and mechanisms of
      pathogenesis in these latter human conditions.

PMID- 4045221
TI  - A systematic search for structure-activity relationships of skin contact
      sensitizers: methodology.
AB  - A computerized resource for the systematic evaluation of the structure-activity
      relationships and other aspects of contact allergens is described. This resource
      consists of a data base of results of contact dermatitis tests and a structural
      classification scheme for contact allergens that is called a Structure-Activity
      (S/A) Tree. The data base now contains approximately 2200 test results extracted
      from the journal Contact Dermatitis (1975-1982) and is continually being
      expanded. The S/A Tree is being developed to provide an index to structure
      activity relationships of contact allergens; 63 structural groups are currently
      indexed. Analyses of benzoquinones and gallic acid esters are presented as
      examples of the potential application of this resource to such problems as the
      identification of potential cross-reactants, appropriate test concentrations and
      vehicles, and the reliability of available test results.

PMID- 4045223
TI  - Ultraviolet radiation-induced histopathologic changes in the skin of the
      marsupial Monodelphis domestica. II. Quantitative studies of the
      photoreactivation of induced hyperplasia and sunburn cell formation.
AB  - Induction of sunburn cells (SBCs) and hyperplasia of the epidermis of the
      marsupial Monodelphis domestica by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been studied.
      A dose of 500 J/m2 (approximately 1 minimal erythemal dose) from an FS-40 sunlamp
      induced measurable numbers of SBCs with a peak number at 32-48 h post-UVR
      exposure of skin to photoreactivating light suppressed the induction of SBCs by
      approximately 75%. Pre-UVR exposure to photoreactivating light had no effect on
      the induction of SBCs. Induction of hyperplasia also was suppressed to a similar
      extent by post-UVR photoreactivation treatment. These studies identify pyrimidine
      dimers in DNA as the major photoproduct involved in the induction of SBCs and
      hyperplasia in M. domestica by UVR.

PMID- 4045224
TI  - Histologic comparison of argon and tunable dye lasers in the treatment of
      tattoos.
AB  - Cosmetic benefit from laser therapy of tattoos may simply be the result of
      thermal injury and host reparative response which remove pigment by a "slough and
      bury" mechanism. Tattoo pigment of 4 colors (black, white, red, and blue) was
      introduced into the skin of guinea pigs and studied histologically at 48 h, 7
      days, 4 and 6 weeks, and 3 months. Tattoos of each color were treated with argon
      laser (488 and 514 nm) and tunable dye laser at 3 different wavelengths (505,
      577, and 690 nm). Treated tattoos were biopsied immediately and at 48 h, 7 days,
      and 3 months. Selective laser absorption by the tattoo pigment was suggested by
      pigment-related differences in threshold doses for histologic damage. Clinical
      clearing of tattoo pigment correlated well with the extent of immediate epidermal
      and dermal necrosis and was as well associated histologically with the deposition
      of parallel bands of collagen fibers (i.e., scar) between the residual pigment
      and the overlying epidermis. "Lightening" of tattoos probably depends more on
      widespread necrosis, subsequent tissue sloughing, and resultant dermal fibrosis
      than on specific changes in tattoo pigment chemistry, morphology, physical
      properties, or handling by macrophages.

PMID- 4045225
TI  - X-ray microanalysis of psoriatic skin.
AB  - Electron probe x-ray microanalysis was used to study elemental distribution in
      uninvolved and involved skin from patients with psoriasis, and in skin from
      healthy controls. Significant differences were found between the involved and
      uninvolved psoriatic skin. In the involved skin, the concentrations of Mg, P, and
      K were higher in the stratum germinativum, spinosum, and granulosum, compared to
      the corresponding strata in uninvolved skin. Neither involved nor uninvolved
      psoriatic stratum germinativum differed markedly from nonpsoriatic control
      stratum germinativum. In uninvolved psoriatic skin only a lower level of K was
      noted. In comparison to uninvolved psoriatic skin, the elemental composition of
      the various strata of involved psoriatic skin shows a pattern typical for highly
      proliferative, nonneoplastic cells.

PMID- 4045226
TI  - Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: altered collagen metabolism in cell culture.
AB  - Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a low-grade malignant tumor that grows
      invasively but rarely forms metastases. Its origin is still controversial. We
      characterized the synthesis of collagen in detail in cells which were obtained
      from dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans tumors by enzymatic tissue disintegration.
      Similar to fibroblasts, all tumor cell strains produced considerable amounts of
      collagen. However, the rate was reduced compared to normal skin fibroblasts.
      Cells grown from the tumors synthesized type I collagen, but no type II could be
      detected. After serial passaging the cultures started to produce type III
      collagen, which is probably due to a slow overgrowth by normal fibroblasts.

PMID- 4045227
TI  - A monoclonal antibody recognizing desmosomes: use in human pathology.
AB  - A mouse monoclonal IgG1 antibody that recognizes desmosomes in human tissues has
      been isolated and characterized. DP1 recognizes desmoplakin I (250 kD) in
      immunoblots of partially purified desmosome preparations. In immunofluorescence
      microscopy DP1 reacts with desmosomes in epithelial cells from a variety of human
      tissues including skin, esophagus, uterus, intestine, and in liver hepatocytes.
      In axilla skin, the epithelial cells in epidermis, sweat glands, and in the outer
      hair follicles are strongly stained whereas relatively little staining is seen in
      the epithelial cells of the apocrine glands. Nonepithelial cells are not stained,
      although decoration of myocardial desmosomes is seen. In cells in culture DP1 is
      also specific for desmosomes in epithelial cells. Thus the mouse epidermal line
      HEL, bovine MBCK cells, as well as the human lines A431, HT29, and HeLa are
      positively stained by DP1. Desmosomes are retained in tumors of epithelial origin
      such as adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Thus DP1 should be a useful
      diagnostic marker in human pathology.

PMID- 4045228
TI  - Epidermal calmodulin levels in psoriasis.

PMID- 4045229
TI  - Effects of the newer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, ibuprofen,
      fenoprofen, and sulindac, on neutrophil adherence.
AB  - Administration of corticosteroids, aspirin, or indomethacin induces marked
      inhibition of adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) in vitro. The
      effects of three newer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents on PMNL adherence
      were defined. Adherence of PMNLs after passage through a nylon-wool column was
      measured in normal volunteers who had ingested a single tablet of 300 mg of
      ibuprofen, 300 mg of fenoprofen, or 200 mg of sulindac. Adherence was
      significantly decreased from baseline at 4 hr after ibuprofen or fenoprofen was
      taken, remained suppressed at 24 hr, and returned to normal at 48 hr. Sulindac
      mildly inhibited PMNL adherence 48 hr after drug ingestion. Inhibition of
      adherence with ibuprofen and fenoprofen also occurred after incubation of control
      PMNLs with plasma specimens from volunteers 4 and 24 hr after drug
      administration, a result suggesting a partially plasma-mediated factor. Zymosan
      induced augmented adherence was also inhibited by pretreatment in vitro with
      ibuprofen at a concentration of 25 micrograms/ml and fenoprofen at 50
      micrograms/ml.

PMID- 4045230
TI  - Use of a new bioassay to study pentamidine pharmacokinetics.
AB  - We developed a sensitive and specific agar-diffusion bioassay for pentamidine by
      using an amphotericin B-resistant isolate, Candida tropicalis ATCC 28707, as the
      test organism. We determined levels of pentamidine in serum of rats given
      intramuscular or intravenous injections and levels in serum, urine, and tissues
      of humans who had received the drug by slow intravenous infusion. Rats given
      intravenous pentamidine at a dose of 2 mg/kg had higher serum levels than those
      given intramuscular injection at a dose of 10 mg/kg; however, the drug was
      detectable in serum for 4 hr after intramuscular administration. The serum half
      life in rats after intravenous injection was 2 min. Humans treated with 4 mg of
      pentamidine/kg by slow (1-2 hr) intravenous infusion had peak serum
      concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 3.4 micrograms/ml. The mean half-life of
      elimination from serum in humans was 17 +/- 4 min (n = 3). In two patients,
      studied after completion of therapy, urinary excretion rates declined with a half
      life of five and nine days. In tissues obtained at autopsy from four patients who
      had received pentamidine, the drug was present in highest concentration in the
      spleen and liver, followed by kidneys, adrenals, and lungs.

PMID- 4045231
TI  - Shigella septicemia: prevalence, presentation, risk factors, and outcome.
AB  - The prevalence, presentation, and outcome of bacteremia due to Shigella and other
      gram-negative bacteria were determined by review of records of 2,018 inpatients
      with shigellosis who had their blood cultured in a Bangladeshi hospital in 1976
      1983. Shigella bacteremia occurred in 82 (4.1%) patients; other bacteremia
      occurred in 102 (5.1%) patients. Patients with shigella sepsis more frequently (P
      less than .02) manifested severe dehydration, abdominal tenderness or ileus,
      agitation or lethargy, and leukocytosis than did nonbacteremic controls; they
      developed more frequently (P less than .05) renal failure (26%), leukemoid
      reaction (22%), thrombocytopenia (20%), and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (6%). The
      prevalence of all bacteremia was highest in the first year of life. Protein
      energy malnutrition was a strong risk factor for shigella sepsis (P less than
      .01). The fatality rate in shigella bacteremia (21%) was higher (P less than
      .005) than in nonbacteremic shigellosis (10%) but lower (P less than .001) than
      in other bacteremia (51%). At highest risk of death from shigella bacteremia (P
      less than .01) were patients less than one year old, non-breast-fed,
      malnourished, and afebrile.

PMID- 4045232
TI  - Immunotyping of Chlamydia trachomatis with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Rapid and precise immunotyping of Chlamydia trachomatis was achieved by testing
      whole organisms (elementary bodies) in the microimmunofluorescence test with
      monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies were produced with standard
      techniques by using an immunization schedule that encouraged the development of
      immunotype-specific antibodies. Fifteen monotypic or multitypic (subspecies)
      monoclonal antibodies were chosen for use in a two-step typing system that
      required strains of C. trachomatis to be tested against six to eight monoclonal
      antibodies for classification. Immunotyping with monoclonal antibodies was
      studied by testing 313 strains, typed with the previous method that utilized
      immunized mouse antisera, that represented each of the 15 established serovars.
      The two-step monoclonal antibody method resulted in a classification similar to
      the current one. Only one strain typed differently with the two methods. With the
      monoclonal antibody method, available lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) serovars L1
      and L3 could not be differentiated from trachoma serovars E and G, respectively,
      unless the strains had been identified as LGV. Monoclonal antibody typing was
      simpler to perform and more precise; it allowed easy differentiation between
      closely related serovars. Three new types were discovered among the strains
      previously classified as serovars D, I, and L2. These are tentatively being
      considered subtypes and are labeled D', I', and L2'.

PMID- 4045233
TI  - Pathogenic JK group corynebacteria and their similarity to human cutaneous
      lipophilic diphtheroids.
AB  - Aerobic diphtheroids from human skin (commonly referred to as lipophilic
      diphtheroids), pathogenic bacteria of the JK group, and classic species of the
      genus Corynebacterium were studied for their cellular fatty acids and mycolates,
      composition of their cell wall peptidoglycans, nutritional requirements,
      biochemical reactions, and antibiotic sensitivities. Lipophilic diphtheroids and
      JK strains were catalase positive and contained corynemycolic acid and meso
      diaminopimelic acid in their cell walls, a characteristic shared with all
      corynebacteria. The lipophilic diphtheroid and JK strains were found to have a
      strict nutritional requirement for lipid and a similar composition of cellular
      fatty acid, mycolic acid, and peptidoglycan; they differed only in the multiple
      antibiotic resistance of the JK strains. Results of the biochemical reactions
      were inconclusive and did not permit grouping of lipophilic diphtheroids or JK
      with any of the reference strains. The reference strains did not require lipid
      and contained cellular fatty acids that were clearly distinct from those of the
      JK strains or lipophilic diphtheroids. These results suggest that JK bacteria are
      Corynebacterium spp. and may represent resident lipophilic diphtheroids that have
      acquired antibiotic resistance.

PMID- 4045234
TI  - Snow Mountain agent associated with an outbreak of gastroenteritis in Vermont.

PMID- 4045235
TI  - Cryptococcal pericarditis in an intravenous drug abuser.

PMID- 4045236
TI  - Isolation of an intermediate type of adenovirus from a child with fulminant
      hepatitis.

PMID- 4045237
TI  - Nonpercutaneous spread of delta infection.

PMID- 4045238
TI  - Pericarditis due to Mycobacterium kansasii in a patient undergoing dialysis for
      chronic renal failure.

PMID- 4045239
TI  - "Spontaneous" pneumocephalus associated with mixed aerobic-anaerobic bacterial
      meningitis.

PMID- 4045241
TI  - Chlamydia attached to spermatozoa.

PMID- 4045240
TI  - Acute parotitis associated with influenza A infection.

PMID- 4045242
TI  - Infections with Mycobacterium chelonei in patients receiving dialysis and using
      processed hemodialyzers.
AB  - Between April and November 1982, 27 of 140 patients in a hemodialysis center in
      Louisiana were infected with rapidly growing mycobacteria; 14 had bacteremia
      alone, 3 had soft-tissue infections, 1 had an access-graft infection, and 9 had
      widely disseminated disease. Of 26 identified isolates, 25 were Mycobacterium
      chelonei ssp. abscessus, and one was an M. chelonei-like organism. One factor
      common to all patients was exposure to processed hemodialyzers (artificial
      kidneys). Environmental sampling of the water-treatment system showed widespread
      contamination with nontuberculous mycobacteria, which were also recovered from
      the patient's side (blood compartment) of five of 31 hemodialyzers that had been
      processed and were ready for use. The formaldehyde concentration was less than 2%
      in two of three such contaminated dialyzers tested. We hypothesize that patients
      became infected when their blood circulated through processed dialyzers that
      contained viable rapidly growing mycobacteria. This outbreak demonstrates that
      hemodialysis patients may be at risk for developing infections with rapidly
      growing mycobacteria and that such infections may go unrecognized when routine
      culture methods are used. It also emphasizes the importance of using effective
      procedures to disinfect dialyzers in hemodialysis centers.

PMID- 4045243
TI  - Prevalence of serum and milk antibodies to Giardia lamblia in different
      populations of lactating women.
AB  - We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system to compare prevalence and
      levels of systemic and local antibody to Giardia lamblia in different
      populations. Serial blood and milk samples were collected simultaneously from
      lactating women in Texas and Mexico. IgG antibody to G. lamblia was present in
      118 (77%) of 153 sera from 27 Mexican mothers but in only 51 (24%) of 214 sera
      obtained from 28 Texan mothers (P less than .001). Sera positive for IgG antibody
      to G. lamblia revealed antibody levels that were significantly higher in Mexico
      than in Texas (0.325 +/- 0.076 vs. 0.219 +/- 0.079 optical density units).
      Secretory IgA antibody to G. lamblia was found in 121 (79%) of 153 milk samples
      in the Mexican population, but in only 33 (15%) of 214 samples in the Texan
      population (P less than .001). The levels of secretory antibody to G. lamblia
      also were higher in the Mexican population. The study documents a widely
      different antibody response to G. lamblia in individuals living in different
      areas. As antibodies to G. lamblia can be acquired by infants transplacentally or
      through breast-feeding, this difference might be important in the relative
      protection against giardial infection.

PMID- 4045244
TI  - Distribution and activity of amphotericin B in humans.
AB  - Concentrations of amphotericin B (AmB) in tissues obtained at autopsy from eight
      patients were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The
      patients had received doses of 101-2,688 mg of antibiotic. Highest concentrations
      of the drug were found in the liver; in one patient the amount of AmB in the
      liver was 41% of the total dose. No evidence of metabolism of the drug was
      observed, and bioassay of ethanol extracts of tissue showed that the drug
      retained activity. Three of the patients had histologic evidence of aspergillar
      or candidal infection in tissues with concentrations of AmB ranging from 2.5 to
      166 micrograms/g. With two patients, the concentrations of the drug in the
      tissues exceeded by greater than or equal to 10-fold the minimum inhibitory
      concentrations of the drug in isolates that had been obtained from the same
      tissues. Unknown factors present in tissues appear to limit the in vivo activity
      of AmB.

PMID- 4045245
TI  - Leprosy in the United States, 1971-1981.
AB  - In the period 1971-1981, 1,835 cases of leprosy were reported in the United
      States; only 10% of these cases were indigenous. Since 1977, the number of new
      cases reported each year has risen because of an increase in imported cases of
      disease, a situation reflecting the increased number of refugees and immigrants
      who have entered the United States from areas endemic for leprosy. Forty-five of
      the 50 states reported cases. In only 25% of the imported cases were the patients
      known to have had leprosy at the time of immigration; the remaining 75% were
      diagnosed in this country. The highest rate of disease onset for this latter
      group occurred within 12 months after entry into the United States, but cases
      continued to be reported 10 years after entry. Active refugee resettlement
      programs have widely distributed persons with leprosy, contacts of diseased
      persons, and persons from endemic areas throughout the 50 states, a situation
      necessitating the development of expertise by medical professionals and public
      health officials in the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term follow-up of patients
      with leprosy.

PMID- 4045246
TI  - Hypersensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics in children given penicillin G or
      placebo at birth.

PMID- 4045247
TI  - Studies of passive immunotherapy for infections of respiratory syncytial virus in
      the respiratory tract of a primate model.

PMID- 4045248
TI  - Nosocomial intraabdominal abscesses caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci.

PMID- 4045249
TI  - Accuracy of sputum examination for the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia.

PMID- 4045250
TI  - Capnocytophaga species: infections in nonimmunocompromised and immunocompromised
      hosts.

PMID- 4045251
TI  - Types of interferons detected in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with viral
      infections of the central nervous system.

PMID- 4045252
TI  - Hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent Campylobacter jejuni infection.

PMID- 4045253
TI  - Pathophysiology of shock and hemorrhage in a fulminating viral infection (Ebola).
AB  - Eleven rhesus monkeys were monitored intensively during experimental infection
      with Ebola virus. Prominent neutrophilia with left shift and lymphopenia were the
      earliest abnormalities and were statistically significant by day 4 (P less than
      .02 and P less than .01, respectively). By day 4 falls in platelet counts were
      not statistically significant, whereas in vitro platelet aggregation was markedly
      depressed, progressing rapidly to complete failure by the time of maximum
      illness. Intraplatelet protein studies suggested this event was the result of in
      vivo activation and degranulation. Coagulation cascade defects were mainly in the
      intrinsic system and were surprisingly mild, with no evidence of selective
      consumption or production deficit of factor VII or VIII. When the possibility of
      indirectly mediated damage to endothelium possibly by a nonspecific immune
      response was examined, weight loss was less severe in drug-treated monkeys, and
      all had detectable plasma prostacyclin metabolites, but there was no improvement
      in survival.

PMID- 4045254
TI  - Relation between in vivo abscess localization and in vitro migration and
      adherence of neutrophils.
AB  - Rabbit peripheral blood and glycogen-stimulated peritoneal neutrophils were
      labeled with [111In]indium oxine and transfused intravenously into recipient
      rabbits with experimental abdominal abscesses due to Staphylococcus aureus.
      Peritoneal neutrophils harvested 4 hr after glycogen infusion localized within
      the abscesses to a greater extent than did peripheral blood neutrophils (P less
      than .002). In an in vitro chemotaxis under-agarose assay, peripheral blood
      neutrophils had greater random migration (P less than .002) and directed
      migration (P less than .01) than did peritoneal cells. In an in vitro glass slide
      adherence assay, peritoneal neutrophils were more adherent than were blood
      neutrophils (P less than .05). The discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro
      findings may be due to the increased adherence of peritoneal neutrophils.
      Glycogen-stimulated peritoneal neutrophils have been exposed in vivo to C5a,
      which is known to decrease migration and increase adherence in vitro of
      polymorphonuclear neutrophils; consequently, in vivo exposure of neutrophils to
      C5a may mean in vitro migration data may be misleading in predicting results in
      vivo.

PMID- 4045255
TI  - Opsonic defense to Staphylococcus epidermidis in the premature neonate.
AB  - The determinants of opsonic defense to Staphylococcus epidermidis were studied in
      47 premature newborns. Opsonic activity for S. epidermidis in serum from
      premature newborns proved to be proportional to gestational age (r = .664, P less
      than .001). The level of IgG antibodies to staphylococcal peptidoglycan in
      neonatal sera was similarly proportional to gestational age (r = .604, P less
      than .001). However, all opsonic activity of premature neonatal serum proved to
      be heat labile, i.e., dependent on activation of complement. Thus, no heat
      stable, IgG-dependent opsonic activity to S. epidermidis was detected in any of
      the preterm sera, despite the presence of IgG antibodies to peptidoglycan.
      Further studies with purified IgG isolated from paired sera from term neonates
      and their mothers revealed that at similar concentrations the opsonic activity to
      S. epidermidis of neonatal, transplacentally derived IgG was only 26% of the
      activity of maternal IgG, a finding that may explain the absence of heat-stable
      opsonic activity in preterm newborns.

PMID- 4045256
TI  - A method for performing scanning electron microscopy of colonies growing in a
      human tumor cloning system.
AB  - Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a valuable tool for examining cell surface
      morphology and cell-cell interactions. We used SEM to study 38 patients' tumors,
      representing 16 histological malignancies, growing in soft agar. Using our
      method, we obtained high quality micrographs without residual agar or preparation
      artifacts. We present our method for obtaining high quality SEM of tumor colonies
      growing in soft agar, which provides micrographs free of debris and necrotic host
      tissue.

PMID- 4045257
TI  - Effects of dolichol and dolichyl phosphate on in vitro differentiation of
      hematopoietic progenitors.
AB  - The exogenous addition of dolichyl phosphate (Dol-P), an active form of dolichol
      (Dol) that carries oligosaccharide chains for protein-N-glycosylation,
      significantly enhanced colony formation of mouse bone marrow hematopoietic
      progenitors (CFU-e, BFU-e, and CFU-gm) was stimulated by erythropoietin (Epo) and
      colony-stimulating factor (CSF), but Dol enhanced colony formation of CFU-e only.
      The effects of Dol or Dol-P on these hematopoietic progenitors were fully
      dependent on stimulation by Epo or CSF. Other mevalonate-metabolites, such as
      cholesterol, coenzyme Q10, and isopentenyladenine, had no effect on hematopoietic
      progenitors. These studies suggest that exogenous Dol-P enhances the frequency of
      differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors stimulated by Epo or CSF, and there
      may be a diversity in cellular response of these progenitors to Dol.

PMID- 4045258
TI  - Decalcified tooth matrix powder induces new bone formation and hematopoietic
      microenvironment in the mouse.
AB  - Implants of bone and tooth matrix powder were placed subcutaneously (s.c.) on
      intraperitoneal (i.p.) Mitex or Polyvic membranes. Implants were removed for
      histology after 1-24 weeks. Macrophages, fibroblasts, and vascular sinusoids
      infiltrated around bone and tooth matrix particles after one week. In the s.c.
      tooth matrix implants, a few sites of cartilage formation and ossification
      developed at two weeks, and by three weeks granulocytopoiesis and
      megakaryocytopoiesis developed adjacent to new bone; erythropoiesis was not
      observed. In s.c. bone matrix implants and in the i.p. artificial membranes
      coated with bone or tooth matrix powder, ossification or hematopoiesis was not
      observed. Small numbers of CFU-s, CFU-nm, BFU-e, and CFU-e appeared 10-20 days
      after s.c. implantation of tooth matrix; none were detected in s.c. bone matrix
      implants.

PMID- 4045260
TI  - [Proceedings of the 37th annual scientific meeting of the Japanese Obstetrics and
      Gynecology Association. Abstracts].

PMID- 4045259
TI  - Storage of chemotherapy drugs.

PMID- 4045261
TI  - [Studies on experimental ovarian tumors in animals].

PMID- 4045262
TI  - Negative observations on immunological side effects of rifampin and dapsone in
      mice.
AB  - The in vivo effects of rifampin and dapsone on immunological responses were
      investigated using mice immunized with sheep erythrocytes. The number of cells
      producing antibody was not affected by a clinical (1 CD) or a threefold excess
      dose (3 CD) of the drugs administered for ten days. A similar result was obtained
      in an experiment using a mouse strain known to be low responders to the antigen.
      Induction of suppressor cells acting on antibody production was not influenced by
      3 CD or 6 CD of the drugs. Neither delayed-type hypersensitivity nor induction of
      the suppressor cell population acting on delayed hypersensitivity was affected by
      3 CD of the drugs. Phagocytosis of sheep erythrocytes by peritoneal cells and the
      growth of a tumor were not altered by 6 CD of the drugs.

PMID- 4045263
TI  - Chemical characterization of the dapsone binding site of lysozyme.
AB  - The binding of dapsone to hen egg white lysozyme has been studied using
      fluorescence spectroscopy. At low concentrations the drug binds lysozyme with a
      Ka = 3.3 X 10(4) M-1 forming a 1:1 complex. At high concentrations the protein
      was found to bind the drug in a cooperative manner at two sites with an average
      association constant of 6.3 X 10(4) M-1. Both Trp-108 and Trp-62 of lysozyme are
      involved in the association process. Acetylation of the lysine residues increased
      the affinity of the drug to the protein. However, drug association showed no
      effect on the enzymatic activity of the protein.

PMID- 4045264
TI  - Renal lesions and other major findings in necropsies of 133 patients with
      leprosy.
AB  - A study of 133 necropsies on leprosy patients showed that renal disease, pyogenic
      infections, and tuberculosis were the most frequent causes of death. Major kidney
      lesions encountered included glomerulonephritis of different types, pyemic
      abscess, acute tubercular necrosis, amyloidosis, and chronic pyelonephritis. In
      many cases the renal lesions were secondary to infections in other organs. Case
      control studies are required to determine if the high prevalence of these
      diseases is related to leprosy, its complications, or its therapy, per se, or if
      it is a reflection of the disadvantaged and poor socioeconomic status of these
      patients.

PMID- 4045265
TI  - Simulation of vaccination and resistance in leprosy using an epidemiometric
      model.
AB  - Epidemiometric models are useful in studying disease dynamics in populations.
      Such a model was developed for leprosy and proved useful, but did not take into
      account age- and sex-specific incidence rates. This paper presents a new version
      of the model which makes provisions for age and sex differential rates according
      to the type of leprosy and which includes more realistic parameters for death
      rates, population variations, and natural growth rates. This new version of the
      epidemiometric model was used to stimulate the effects of various vaccines and
      drug resistance on the incidence of leprosy in a population.

PMID- 4045266
TI  - Leprosy in young children--past, present and future.

PMID- 4045267
TI  - Patient compliance in leprosy control: a necessity in old and new regimens.

PMID- 4045268
TI  - NADH-methemoglobin reductase and reticulocytosis.

PMID- 4045269
TI  - Purification of phenolic glycolipid I from armadillo and human sources.

PMID- 4045270
TI  - Isolation of phenolic glycolipid I from human lepromatous nodules.

PMID- 4045271
TI  - [Experimental study on rotation of the forearm--functional anatomy of the
      interosseous membrane].
AB  - In an attempt to elucidate the function of the interosseous membrane of the
      forearm, the anatomy of the interosseous membrane and the kinematics of the
      forearm during pro-supine movement were studied. Results and Conclusions; The
      rotation axis coincides with the line drawn from the ulnar head to the radial
      head. The motion of the radius is an arc of a circle about it. At one-fourth the
      length of the forearm from the distal end, the axis coincides with the edge of
      the interosseous border of the ulna. The most prominent fibers of the
      interosseous membrane are those being attached to this part. Therefore, tension
      of these most prominent fibers is constant. The interosseous membrane of the
      forearm apparently shows a structure meeting the needs for stabilizing two bones,
      transmitting thrusts and giving the origin to the muscles without interfering
      with the pro-supine movement of the forearm.

PMID- 4045272
TI  - [A scanning electron microscopical and morphometrical analysis of neuromuscular
      junctions in different muscle fiber types in the zebra finch and rat].
AB  - The differences of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) between different muscle fibers
      had been examined with scanning electron microscopy and analyzed
      morphometrically. The anterior and posterior latissimus dorsi muscles of the
      zebra finch were compared. The former consisted exclusively of slow tonic fibers
      and the latter of fast twitch fibers. The former had numerous, small NMJs. The
      synaptic depressions were small in number. The latter had a large NMJ. The
      synaptic depressions were large in number, and subsynaptic folds were found. The
      extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles in the rat were also compared. The
      former consisted mostly of fast twitch fibers whereas the latter consisted of
      slow twitch fibers (75%) and fast twitch fibers (25%). NMJ of slow twitch fiber
      was small and the subsynaptic folds had sparse, narrow slit-like and pit-like
      openings. NMJ of fast twitch fiber was large and the subsynaptic folds had
      numerous, wide and slit-like openings.

PMID- 4045273
TI  - [An experimental study on the development of myleran-induced oligodactyly in
      rats].
AB  - The same type of preaxial oligodactyly appeared in all new born rats when a
      Wistar rat was treated with myleran on the 12th day of gestation in this
      experiment. In order to clarify the mechanism of this type of oligodactyly, the
      development of digital formation and the extent and location of the tissue damage
      in the hand plate were examined histologically. The preaxial ectoderm of the hand
      plate was specifically damaged in the early stage of gestation from the 12th and
      a half to the 13th day. On the other hand, the mesoderm of the hand plate was
      diffusely damaged at the same time. Condensation of mesodermal cell never
      occurred in the preaxial part of the mesoderm corresponding to the damaged
      ectoderm. The finding obtained in this study strongly indicate that disorder of
      ectoderm-mesoderm interaction may play a role in the development of the
      oligodactyly produced by myleran.

PMID- 4045274
TI  - [An electrophysiological study on the mechanoreceptor of canine knee joints].
AB  - Passive extending and flexing and change in intraarticular pressure were applied
      to canine knee joints and nerve impulses from the posterior articular nerve, an
      articular branch of the tibial nerve, were studied. On extending and flexing the
      knee, in the intermediate position the nerve impulses were of low frequency but
      on excessive extension high frequency nerve impulses were observed. The
      relationship between the angle of the joint and the frequency of nerve impulses
      exhibited a hysteresis phenomenon. On changing the intraarticular pressure, the
      frequency of nerve impulses increased with an increases in pressure and it
      depended directly on the intraarticular pressure. The mechanoreceptors of joints
      probably play a warning function for the protection of the joint by effectively
      informing the extreme conditions and non-physiological conditions to the central
      nervous system.

PMID- 4045275
TI  - [Pathophysiology and fate of hypertensive subjects].

PMID- 4045276
TI  - [Cardiac dipolarity of a ventricular excitation sequence calculated from a body
      surface potential map; old anterior myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4045277
TI  - [Studies on digoxin pharmacokinetics in patients with congestive heart failure].

PMID- 4045278
TI  - [Studies on so-called myocardial factors in cases of mitral stenosis. 1. Clinical
      studies on left ventricular asynergy in cases of mitral stenosis. 2. Pathological
      studies on the pathological myocardial abnormalities of the left ventricle in
      cases of mitral stenosis].

PMID- 4045279
TI  - [A case of idiopathic Bence Jones proteinuria--some notes on the clinical
      significance of Bence Jones proteinuria].

PMID- 4045280
TI  - [Pheochromocytoma associated with pregnancy: a case report and review of 22 cases
      in Japanese literature].

PMID- 4045281
TI  - [A case of muscular sarcoidosis showing coexistence of hypercalcemia and renal
      insufficiency].

PMID- 4045282
TI  - [A case of asymptomatic primary hypothyroidism with a very high level of creatine
      phosphokinase (CPK)].

PMID- 4045283
TI  - [Review on internal medicine, 1984. Electrolyte disturbance. I-2. Disturbances of
      water and sodium metabolism].

PMID- 4045284
TI  - [Review on internal medicine, 1984. Electrolyte disturbance. I-4. Syndrome of
      inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)].

PMID- 4045285
TI  - [Review on internal medicine, 1984. Electrolyte disturbance. II-1. Potassium
      homeostasis and its abnormality].

PMID- 4045286
TI  - [Review on internal medicine, 1984. Electrolyte disturbance. III-3. Renal
      osteodystrophy].

PMID- 4045287
TI  - [Review on internal medicine, 1984. Electrolyte disturbance. IV-1. Regulation of
      acid-base balance].

PMID- 4045288
TI  - [Review on internal medicine, 1984. Electrolyte disturbance. IV-2. Metabolic
      acidosis: analysis and clinical assessment].

PMID- 4045289
TI  - [Clinical studies on rapidly progressive end-stage renal failure in patients with
      lupus nephritis].

PMID- 4045290
TI  - [A case of alcoholic myopathy associated with acute renal failure due to
      myoglobinuria].

PMID- 4045291
TI  - [Cor triatriatum complicated with atrial fibrillation and cerebral embolism. A
      report of the oldest case of cor triatriatum in Japan].

PMID- 4045292
TI  - [A case of polymyositis with ileus-like symptoms and pneumatosis cystoides
      intestinalis, improved by the treatment of high-flow oxygen therapy].

PMID- 4045293
TI  - [Dermatomyositis with rhabdomyosarcoma and panniculitis. Report of an autopsy
      case].

PMID- 4045294
TI  - Effects of immediate blood flow enhancement on the postischemic kidney:
      functional, morphologic, and biochemical assessments.
AB  - Our purpose was to assess the influence of blood flow enhancement to the
      immediate postischemic kidney on tubular cell energetics and on the severity of
      the resulting ischemic acute renal failure (IARF). Female Sprague-Dawley rats
      were subjected to 40 minutes of bilateral renal artery occlusion (RAO). Half of
      the rats received a 5% body weight infusion of iso-oncotic saline solution (IOS;
      over 50 minutes) to acutely increase renal blood flow (RBF) immediately after
      vascular clamp release. The remaining half of the rats served as controls. The
      short-term effects (0 to 1 hour after vascular reflow) of IOS infusion on RBF,
      clearance iothalamate sodium (Cioth), urine Na excretion (UNaE), urine flow rate,
      tubular metabolic work (renal oxygen consumption, Qo2), adenine nucleotide
      concentrations, and renal histologic findings were assessed. The severity of the
      IARF (Cioth histologic findings) was also compared between the IOS-treated and
      the control groups 24 hours later. Postischemic (0 to 1 hour) RBF in control IARF
      rats and IOS-treated IARF rats was 2.3 +/- 0.3 and 13.6 +/- 0.4 ml/min,
      respectively (P less than 0.01) (normal RBF 6.1 +/- 0.4 ml/min). At 0 to 1 hour
      after reflow IOS-treated IARF rats had significantly higher Cioth (13 X), UNaE
      (18 X), urine flow (18 X), and Qo2 (4 X) than the control IARF group. Despite the
      fourfold increase in aerobic tubular work induced by IOS infusion, renal
      adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content did not decrease. At 24 hours after vascular
      reflow the severity of IARF was the same in the control and IOS-treated
      groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045295
TI  - Marfan's syndrome: structural, biochemical, and mechanical studies of the aortic
      media.
AB  - An intrinsic defect in the aortic media in six patients with Marfan's syndrome,
      who died of cardiovascular complications of the disease at an average age of 32
      years, has been delineated by correlated morphologic, biochemical, and mechanical
      studies. The findings in the Marfan aortas have been compared with those in age-
      and sex-matched controls, who died of unrelated diseases without significant
      aortic lesions, and in three patients with dissecting aneurysms of non-Marfan
      origin. The results showed that there was a significant reduction in the tensile
      strength of the aorta in Marfan's syndrome. This finding was correlated by
      scanning electron microscopy with structural alterations of the medial elastic
      fibers, including enlarged interlaminar spaces and loss of interlaminar elastic
      fibrils. No structural alterations were identified in collagen fibers.
      Biochemical analyses of the aortic media revealed a substantial reduction in
      aortic elastin content. Furthermore, the desmosine content of the isolated
      elastin was reduced by approximately 50%. No changes were detected in the
      composition or solubility of the medial collagen. In contrast to Marfan aortas,
      the elastin and collagen contents of the dissecting aneurysms of non-Marfan
      origin were similar to those of the controls. These findings suggest that the
      vascular complications in Marfan's syndrome may be based on a genetic abnormality
      affecting elastin fibrillogenesis.

PMID- 4045296
TI  - Hematopoietic growth factors in human serum. erythroid burst-promoting activity
      in normal subjects and in patients with severe aplastic anemia.
AB  - The activity capable of promoting the growth of human erythroid burst-forming
      cells (BFU-E) in culture was measured in the sera from 39 patients with aplastic
      anemia (AA) and compared with similar activity in patients with various other
      hematologic disorders and 31 normal subjects. Burst-promoting activity (BPA) was
      determined by its ability to support erythroid burst growth from adherent cell
      depleted normal human marrow cells. The results were expressed as the percentage
      of burst growth supported by test serum compared with cultures established in the
      presence of 20% test serum and 2.5% phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocyte
      conditioned medium. The mean BPA level in normal serum was 18.5% (1.5 +/- SEM)
      and was not significantly different from BPA levels in patients with various
      forms of nonhypoplastic anemia or polycythemia (10.2% +/- 1.2%). In contrast, 15
      of the 39 patients with AA had elevated BPA levels, ranging from 40.0% to 106.0%.
      These elevated levels did not correlate with serum erythropoietin or hematocrit
      values, white blood cell count, platelet count, time from diagnosis, or the
      presence or numbers of BFU-E in circulation. The BPA was shown not to be T cell
      growth factor (interleukin-2), and the effect was not blocked by the addition of
      cyclosporine to culture, consistent with a direct effect of this activity on BFU
      E. When the 39 patients with AA were treated with antithymocyte globulin, 20
      obtained a complete or partial remission. BPA levels determined from sera
      obtained before treatment did not correlate with response or duration of survival
      but did correlate with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity (GM
      CSA).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045297
TI  - Development and evaluation of a new kinetic assay for the quantitation of
      fibronectin gelatin-binding activity.
AB  - A new rapid and sensitive kinetic assay that measures the gelatin-binding
      activity of fibronectin has been developed. This assay is based on the rate of
      fibronectin-mediated aggregation of covalently coupled latex-gelatin particles.
      The addition of human plasma and serum resulted in aggregation rates proportional
      to the concentration of fibronectin in the test sample. This assay was inhibited
      by the addition of gelatin, demonstrating substrate specificity. This new assay
      requires 50 microliter of sample and can be performed within 5 minutes. Particle
      aggregation rates were affected by pH, heparin, and coupled gelatin concentration
      per milligram of latex. Maximum aggregation rates were observed at pH 8.0.
      Heparin was not an absolute requirement for particle aggregation but enhanced
      rates up to 1 U heparin/ml with little additive effect at greater concentrations.
      Heparin had a relatively greater effect on assays performed in acidic buffers.
      The concentration of gelatin per milligram of latex was rate limiting up to
      approximately 50 micrograms gelatin/mg latex with little change in aggregation
      rates at higher concentrations. Good correlation between total antigenic
      fibronectin (electroimmunoassay) and fibronectin gelatin-binding activity (latex
      gelatin kinetic aggregation assay) was demonstrated in plasma from normal blood
      donors. This new assay will allow further definition of the relationship between
      fibronectin gelatin-binding activity and antigenic fibronectin in normal and
      pathophysiologic states.

PMID- 4045298
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid C-reactive protein in infective meningitis in childhood.
AB  - The value of cerebrospinal fluid C-reactive protein (CSF CRP) determination as a
      diagnostic aid in infective meningitis has been investigated in four groups of
      children. In a "no meningitis" group of 10 children, a median CSF CRP value of
      0.08 micrograms/ml was obtained (range 0 to 0.31 micrograms/ml); in a viral
      meningitis group of 21 children a median value of 0.01 micrograms/ml (range 0 to
      3.06 micrograms/ml); in a bacterial meningitis group of 27 children a median
      value of 9.6 micrograms/ml (range 0 to 31.5 micrograms/ml); and in a tuberculous
      meningitis group of 18 children a median value of 0.29 micrograms/ml (range 0 to
      4.9 micrograms/ml). CSF CRP values in the bacterial meningitis group differed
      significantly from those of each of the other groups (P less than 0.01), but
      considerable overlap between the groups detracted from the diagnostic value of
      the test. In six patients with bacterial meningitis with ambiguous conventional
      CSF chemistry results, normal CSF CRP values were found. Simultaneous serum CRP
      was determined in nine patients with tuberculous meningitis and 11 with bacterial
      meningitis, and the CRP response in both the serum and CSF appears subdued in
      tuberculous meningitis in comparison with bacterial meningitis. CSF CRP and total
      protein values were determined intermittently during a 24-hour period in
      ventricular CSF from two children with tuberculous meningitis who underwent
      temporary direct ventricular drainage. A considerable and apparently parallel
      diurnal variation in both values was seen. CSF CRP values have limited
      application in the etiologic diagnosis of meningitis.

PMID- 4045300
TI  - Cobalamin-binding proteins in human urine: identification and quantitation.
AB  - The urinary cobalamin (Cbl) binders were examined by gel filtration of
      concentrated urine on Sephadex G-200, alone and together with immunoglobulins
      against human Cbl binders. The 11 urine specimens from 10 persons studied had a
      free Cbl-binding capacity of 0.76 to 30.0 pmol/L (mean 6.6 pmol/L). Gel
      filtration with buffer preventing association of the Cbl binders gave peaks with
      elution volumes characteristic of serum transcobalamin and haptocorrin. When
      concentrated urine specimens were run together with immunoglobulins, the findings
      confirmed the presence of haptocorrin and transcobalamin and, in addition, of
      intrinsic factor. The presence of intrinsic factor was confirmed by incubating
      urine with an ion exchanger gel and by showing that an eluate of the gel reacted
      with the corresponding immunoglobulin. Part of the urinary intrinsic factor
      detected by radioimmunoassay was able to bind 57Co-Cbl; the rest appeared to be
      saturated with endogenous Cbl and possibly partly incapable of binding Cbl. All
      the free Cbl-binding capacity of urine concentrate could be blocked with adenine
      cyanocobamide, but only half with cobinamide; cobinamide blocked all the urinary
      haptocorrin but only part of the transcobalamin and none of the intrinsic factor
      eluted from the ion exchanger gel.

PMID- 4045299
TI  - Modifications of lung clearance mechanisms by acute influenza A infection.
AB  - Four volunteers with naturally acquired, culture-proved influenza A infection
      inhaled a radiolabeled aerosol to permit investigation of lung mucociliary
      clearance mechanisms during and after symptomatic illness. Mucus transport in the
      trachea was undetectable when monitored with an external multidetector probe
      within 48 hours of the onset of the illness, but was found at a normal velocity
      (4.9 +/- 1.9 mm/min) by 1 week in three of the four subjects. In two volunteers
      who coughed 23 to 48 times during the 4.5-hour observation period, whole lung
      clearance was as fast within the first 48 hours of illness as during health 3
      months later in spite of the absence of measurable tracheal mucus transport.
      Conversely, in spite of the return 1 week later of mucus transport at velocities
      expected in the trachea, whole lung clearance for the 4.5-hour period was slowed
      in two volunteers who coughed less than once an hour. The data offer evidence
      that cough is important in maintaining lung clearance for at least several days
      after symptomatic influenza A infection when other mechanisms that depend on
      ciliary function are severely deficient.

PMID- 4045302
TI  - False-positive gastrin rises after secretin injection.

PMID- 4045301
TI  - Weight loss improves lipoprotein lipid profiles in patients with
      hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - Risk for coronary artery disease is directly related to plasma levels of total
      and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and inversely related to high
      density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations. Weight gain in four of five
      patients with hypercholesterolemia given colestipol for 37 +/- 6 months was
      associated with a decrease in HDL cholesterol levels and an increase in LDL
      cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratios. Weight loss (-7 +/- 2 kg) in these five and
      two other patients given colestipol increased plasma HDL cholesterol (17% +/- 6%)
      and lowered total cholesterol (-8% +/- 1%), LDL cholesterol (-13% +/- 2%), and
      total triglyceride (-20% +/- 4%) concentrations. However, in six patients given
      treatment by diet alone (no colestipol), comparable weight loss (-6 +/- 1 kg) did
      not alter plasma HDL cholesterol or total triglyceride concentrations, but
      reduced total cholesterol (-9% +/- 3%) and LDL cholesterol (-11% +/- 3%) levels.
      These results suggest that weight reduction increases plasma HDL cholesterol
      levels only in those patients with hypercholesterolemia given colestipol but not
      in those given treatment by diet alone. Nevertheless, the effects of weight loss
      on plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were comparable in the two
      groups of patients. This indicates that weight loss is an important adjunct in
      the treatment of moderately obese patients with hypercholesterolemia and may
      reduce their risk for coronary artery disease by improving their lipid profiles.

PMID- 4045303
TI  - The conical cartilage of the cat's middle ear.
AB  - The object of this study was to investigate the anatomy, histology, and possible
      function of a conical structure found in the middle ear of the cat. This conical
      structure lies across the dorso-caudal compartment of the middle ear. It is
      directly related to the course of the chorda tympani nerve in the middle ear. Its
      base is attached by fibrous tissue to the dorso-caudal segment of the tympanic
      bone adjacent to the tympanic membrane. Its apex rests on the promontory just
      rostral to the round window niche. Histologically, it is cartilaginous tissue
      enveloped by a mucous membrane with no trace of bone. Portions of some conical
      cartilage specimens display extensive calcification. A previous hypothesis
      suggests that this structure conducts high frequency sounds directly from the
      tympanic membrane to the round window membrane. This seems unlikely because its
      length is shorter than the distance between the tympanic membrane and round
      window membrane. The conical cartilage may be a vestigial remnant of the second
      arch bar (Reichert's cartilage).

PMID- 4045304
TI  - Carcinoma of the external auditory meatus and middle ear. Prognostic factors and
      a suggested staging system.
AB  - A staging system is suggested for carcinomas of the external and middle ear,
      based on a personal series of 47 patients. Statistical analysis showed that the
      proposed system was a valid method of identifying significant predictor factors.
      Other significant predictors of survival were histology, lymph node metastases,
      and the patients' general condition. Stage-for-stage there was no significant
      difference in survival between tumours of the external and middle ear.

PMID- 4045305
TI  - Relationships between acoustic reflex patterns elicited by unfiltered white noise
      and narrow band white noise stimuli of different duration but of the same
      intensity.
AB  - For the purpose of this study, acoustic signals were generated by an Amplaid MK
      VI. An Amplaid 702 impedence meter was connected to its averaging section and to
      its computer. The stimuli were bursts of unfiltered white noise (UWN) and of
      narrow band white noise (NBWN; 30 db./oct/slope; central frequencies 1,000,
      2,000, 4,000 Hz.) lasting 3-1,000 msec., at intensity of 105 db. SPL p.e. The
      following parameters were evaluated: stapedius contraction latency, amplitude,
      duration and recruitment time. It was found that latency was independent of the
      spectrum of the stimulus and its duration. Amplitude and recruitment time, on the
      other hand, were related to spectrum and duration, while duration of contraction
      was directly related to the duration of the stimulus only.

PMID- 4045306
TI  - Spindle cell squamous carcinoma of the larynx. Clinico-pathological study of
      seven cases.
AB  - The clinical and pathological findings of seven cases of spindle cell squamous
      carcinoma of the larynx are reported. The histogenesis, biological behaviour and
      appropriate therapy of neoplasm are discussed.

PMID- 4045307
TI  - Carcinoma of the floor of the mouth.

PMID- 4045308
TI  - First branchial groove anomaly.

PMID- 4045309
TI  - Myelomatosis presenting as an isolated lesion in the mastoid.

PMID- 4045310
TI  - Facial palsy due to myeloma of the temporal bone.

PMID- 4045311
TI  - Acoustic trauma and perilymph fistula.

PMID- 4045312
TI  - Haemangioma of the mandible. Diagnosis and management.
AB  - A case of haemangioma of the mandible is presented. The clinical and radiological
      features, including the use of angiography, are discussed. An approach to the
      surgical management of haemangioma of the mandible is given.

PMID- 4045313
TI  - Squamous odontogenic tumour: review of the literature and a new case.
AB  - Squamous odontogenic tumour (SOT) is a rare benign odontogenic neoplasm,
      apparently arising from rests of Malassez. It was first described in 1975 and
      since then only 17 cases have been recorded in the literature. A new, not
      previously reported, characteristic case of SOT is presented in connection with a
      review of the literature. It is concluded that the lesion occurs with equal
      frequency in the maxilla and mandible and now and then multifocally. Maxillary
      lesions seem to grow more aggressively than do mandibular ones. The symptoms are
      modest. SOT has a characteristic pathologic picture which differs decisively from
      ameloblastoma and which, in connection with its benign nature, warrants the
      classification of SOT. Although most cases have been treated by conservative
      surgical therapy without recurrence, there are cases, especially in the maxilla
      with diffuse lesions, which have required en bloc resection or hemimaxillectomy.
      The diagnostic problems are stressed and recommendations are made for the
      pathologist and the surgeon to pay attention to this rare but benign tumour.

PMID- 4045314
TI  - Subglottic plasmacytoma of the larynx: an acute presentation.

PMID- 4045315
TI  - An unusual para-oesophageal mass.

PMID- 4045316
TI  - Kikuchi's--a new cause of cervical lymphadenopathy.
AB  - A case of Kikuchi's presenting in a young West Indian lady is recorded which
      typifies this rare condition. This histological features have been discussed and
      differential diagnosis outlined.

PMID- 4045317
TI  - The ENT manifestations of systemic vasculitis.

PMID- 4045318
TI  - Glyco-7 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholanic acid as internal standard for
      high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of conjugated bile acids.
AB  - Glyco-7 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholanic acid was tested as internal
      standard for high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of the five main
      glycine- and taurine-conjugated bile acids present in adult human serum and bile.
      When the standard is added to the samples before extraction, the recovery rate
      throughout the procedure is similar to that of other bile acids. For all bile
      acids studied, the response, relative to the internal standard, is linear at 205
      nm. Baseline separation is observed between the internal standard and all other
      bile acids, both in artificial mixtures and extracts of biological samples. Thus,
      glyco-7 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholanic acid is a reliable internal
      standard for HPLC analysis of conjugated bile acids in serum and bile.

PMID- 4045319
TI  - Comparison of cholesterol transport in pulmonary, peritoneal, and blood-derived
      macrophages from normo- and hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
AB  - The influx and efflux components of cholesterol transport were separately
      determined in pulmonary, peritoneal, and monocyte-derived macrophages from
      rabbits fed a diet containing either 4.5% fat or 4.5% fat plus 2% cholesterol.
      Both influx and efflux in pulmonary macrophages increased with increasing
      concentration of either normal or hypercholesterolemic serum in the medium. The
      mass of cholesterol entering the macrophages continued to increase beyond the
      mass of cholesterol effluxed, leading to an increase in cholesterol mass. Similar
      results were obtained with peritoneal macrophages. Cholesterol-enriched
      peritoneal macrophages in most cases had a net efflux of sterol when incubated
      with normocholesterolemic serum. Pulmonary and peritoneal macrophages from
      cholesterol-fed rabbits tended to have slower sterol influx and a slightly faster
      sterol efflux than pulmonary and peritoneal macrophages from control rabbits, but
      the combined effect of these mechanisms did not prevent these macrophages from
      accumulating sterol ester from hypercholesterolemic serum. Hypercholesterolemic
      rabbit serum was fractionated by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography into a
      beta-VLDL-deficient nonadsorbed fraction, which had very little effect on
      pulmonary macrophage sterol content, and an adsorbed beta-VLDL-containing
      fraction which promoted a large increase in macrophage sterol. As with
      unfractionated hypercholesterolemic serum, macrophages incubated with the
      adsorbed beta-VLDL-containing fraction accumulated large amounts of cellular
      sterol. Monocyte-macrophages cultured in vitro for 21 hr, in contrast to
      extravascular macrophages, closely regulated their cellular sterol, primarily by
      limiting the rate of sterol influx.

PMID- 4045320
TI  - A single high-cholesterol, high-fat meal preferentially increases low molecular
      weight apolipoprotein B concentration in rat plasma.
AB  - Rats were fed either rat chow (control), chow + 20% olive oil (olive oil), or
      chow + 20% olive oil + 2% cholesterol (olive oil/cholesterol) as a single meal to
      study the short-term effects of fat and the above combination of fat/cholesterol
      containing diets on plasma apoB concentration and its influence on the
      distribution of apoB subspecies. Rats were given their meals and allowed to
      consume them ad libitum until they were killed, 3 hr or 9 hr afterwards. Three
      hours after feeding, serum triglyceride concentrations were increased to the same
      extent in both the olive oil and olive oil/cholesterol-fed rats as compared with
      concentrations in control rats, but serum apoB concentrations did not differ
      among the groups. Nine hours after feeding, serum triglyceride concentrations
      were still equally elevated in both experimental groups; however, in the olive
      oil/cholesterol-fed rats, total serum apoB as well as total serum cholesterol
      were increased above both the control and olive oil groups. In addition, the d
      less than 1.21 g/ml lipoprotein apoBl/apoBh ratio of the olive oil/cholesterol
      fed rats was greatly increased at 9 hr, whereas apoBl/apoBh ratio in the d less
      than 1.21 g/ml fraction of the olive oil group was unchanged, despite the
      increase in plasma triglyceride concentration. In the olive oil/cholesterol-fed
      rats at 9 hr, cholesterol, total apoB, apoBl, and apoBh of both VLDL and IDL were
      greater than in the control or olive oil rats. In d less than 1.21 g/ml
      lipoproteins, VLDL, and IDL, the increases in apoBl concentrations were of a
      greater magnitude than the increases in apoBh.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045321
TI  - Aortic accumulation and plasma clearance of beta-VLDL and HDL: effects of diet
      induced hypercholesterolemia in rabbits.
AB  - To assess the role of beta-VLDL in diet-induced atherogenesis, the in vivo
      metabolism and aortic accumulation of 125I-labeled beta-VLDL were investigated in
      cholesterol-fed rabbits and chow-fed controls. 125I-labeled HDL and 125I-labeled
      albumin were studied for comparison. The fractional catabolic rate of 125I
      labeled beta-VLDL was reduced in cholesterol-fed rabbits (0.011 vs 0.139 hr-1),
      but due to the high endogenous pool, the total beta-VLDL flux was very high (13.1
      vs less than 1.1 mg/kg per 24 hr). These results suggest that elevated levels of
      beta-VLDL during cholesterol feeding were due to an enhanced rate of synthesis, a
      finding confirmed in hypercholesterolemic rabbits subjected to plasmapheresis.
      Following acute reduction of plasma cholesterol by plasmapheresis, the
      quantitative increases in beta-VLDL cholesterol concentrations (210 to 364 mg/dl)
      over the subsequent 24 hr were in agreement with the rise calculated from the
      plasma clearance kinetics of 125I-labeled beta-VLDL (378 mg/dl per 24 hr). Aortic
      accumulation of beta-VLDL in hypercholesterolemic rabbits was increased greater
      than 15-fold over controls. Accumulation was predominantly in the intimal
      atheromatous lesions. The fractional catabolic rate of 125I-labeled HDL was
      increased during cholesterol feeding (0.037 vs 0.021 hr-1). A decreased rate of
      synthesis appeared to be responsible for the markedly depleted plasma HDL. HDL
      accumulation within the aorta was attenuated greater than 9-fold in cholesterol
      fed rabbits compared to those fed normal chow. Plasma kinetics and aortic
      accumulation of 125I-labeled albumin were similar in hypercholesterolemic and
      control rabbits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045322
TI  - Extractable and lipopolysaccharide fatty acid and hydroxy acid profiles from
      Desulfovibrio species.
AB  - An analysis of the phospholipid ester-linked and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
      fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids of six lactate-utilizing Desulfovibrio-type
      sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) has been performed using capillary gas-liquid
      chromatography-mass spectrometry (GLC-MS). The concentrations of normal fatty
      acids were essentially similar, with the possible exception of a high content of
      normal fatty acids in the LPS of Desulfovibrio gigas. Determination of
      monounsaturated acid double bond configuration was performed by GLC-MS analysis
      of the derivatized fatty acids. A total of nine branched chain and eight straight
      chain monounsaturated fatty acids was detected in the Desulfovibrio species
      analyzed. The major component detected in five Desulfovibrio was the 17-carbon
      iso-branched monoenoic acid which showed cis unsaturation [i17:1(n-7)c] seven
      carbons from the terminal methyl group of the fatty acid chain. D. gigas, in
      contrast, contained almost no unsaturated fatty acids and was greatly enriched in
      iso-branched 15:0. Major differences between strains were found in the
      phospholipid and LPS hydroxy fatty acids. These components, in addition to the
      i17:1(n-7)c and other characteristic branched chain unsaturated acids, can
      possibly be utilized as signatures of the lactate-utilizing SRB.

PMID- 4045323
TI  - Disappearance of short chain acids from the preen gland wax of male mallard ducks
      during eclipse.
AB  - Wax esters constitute the major products of the uropygial glands of male mallard
      ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). Combined gas-liquid chromatography and mass
      spectrometry of the acyl and alcohol portions of the wax ester revealed dramatic
      seasonal variation. Of the total of nearly 100 compounds detected in the acyl
      portion, more than 90 were identified as n-, monomethyl-, dimethyl-, and
      trimethyl-C6 to C20 acids. The major components were 2-methyl- and 4-methyl C6
      acids which constituted nearly 75% of the total acids during most of the year. As
      the birds went through the post-nuptial molt into eclipse, these short chain
      acids decreased to only 4% of the total acids. Fatty acids longer than C12 became
      the major components during the summer months when the birds were in eclipse and
      by fall the characteristic shorter branched acids reappeared as the dominant
      components. Fatty alcohols did not undergo such dramatic changes. This is the
      first report of biochemical changes that occur during eclipse.

PMID- 4045324
TI  - Health and demographic characteristics of Georgia: rural/urban and north/south.

PMID- 4045325
TI  - Contemporary wound management with natural and synthetic dressings.

PMID- 4045326
TI  - Evaluation and treatment of hemifacial spasm.

PMID- 4045328
TI  - Health legislation and the new Congress.

PMID- 4045327
TI  - Arthroscopic synovectomy in the rheumatoid knee.

PMID- 4045329
TI  - Hemoccult screening for colorectal carcinoma.

PMID- 4045330
TI  - The American Heart Association-Georgia Affiliate hypertension education network
      for physicians.

PMID- 4045331
TI  - The early development of human embryos.
AB  - The development of the human embryo from the time of fertilization through the
      eighth post-fertilization week is described for medical policy purposes. During
      pre-implantation stages, differentiation occurs between precursors of embryonic
      and extra-embryonic structures. During implantation formation of a fore-hind axis
      begins within the inner cell mass. By the end of the eighth week, head, face,
      hands, and feet are suggestive as to species-recognition but not yet definitive.
      Data from laboratory studies of non-human mammalian embryos elucidate important
      aspects of human embryonic development.

PMID- 4045333
TI  - Personhood and human embryos and fetuses.
AB  - Public policy decisions concerning embryos and fetuses tend to lack reasoned
      argument on their moral status. While agreement on personhood is elusive, this
      concept has unquestioned moral relevance. A stipulated usage of the term, the
      psychic sense of 'person', applies to early human prenatal life and encompasses
      morally relevant aspects of personhood. A 'person' in the psychic sense has a
      minimal psychology, defined as the capacity to retain experiences, which may be
      nonconscious, through physiological analogs of memory; and the potential to
      become a person in the full sense. Psychic personhood merits attribution of moral
      personhood because the experience of a 'person' in the psychic sense has
      continuity with the experience of a full person; and this experience begins to
      determine the development of the personal psychological characteristics of that
      individual. Psychic personhood is a rationally defensible boundary for invasive
      research involving human embryos and fetuses. Lacking precise empirical
      knowledge, policy makers could attribute psychic personhood at the time of
      earliest brainstem activity, that is, during the seventh week of fetal
      development.

PMID- 4045332
TI  - Neuromaturation of the human fetus.
AB  - The fetal human possesses an active central nervous system from at least the
      eighth week of development. Until mid-gestation the most significant center of
      activity is the brainstem. By the end of the first trimester, it appears that the
      brainstem could be acting as a rudimentary modulator of sensory information and
      motor activity. What importance ought to be attached to such regulatory activity
      is uncertain. Some argue that it represents a level of integrated activity
      sufficient to bolster an argument for conferring some measure of standing at this
      point. Our thinking about sentience is not advanced a great deal, as we as yet
      have no good way of talking about it at the brainstem level. As for the
      neocortex, available evidence indicates that it does not become a functional part
      of the neuraxis until at least mid-gestation. It is not until then that the
      thalamus--the major gateway for sensory input to the cerebrum--makes its first
      afferent contacts with the neocortex.

PMID- 4045334
TI  - Engineering human reproduction: a challenge to public policy.
AB  - New prospects for technologically aided human reproduction require the
      development of a public policy concerning the setting of limits to reproductive
      autonomy and to research on human embryos. Previous American efforts to clarify
      policy on such matters have been ignored by the executive branch; there is a need
      for Congressional action to initiate the requisite processes of debate and policy
      formation.

PMID- 4045335
TI  - Reappearance of thymus of ageing rats after orchidectomy.
AB  - There was no visible thymus in ageing rats of 18 months, and 7 days after
      orchidectomy there was still no evidence of a thymus. By 30 days after the
      operation, however, there was a well-defined and well developed bilobular thymus
      overlying the heart, although it was smaller than those observed in 10-week-old
      rats. Histologically, the tissue appeared normal, was well vascularized, filled
      with lymphocytes and several mitotic figures were also seen. When compared with
      sham-operated animals, blood from these animals had a significantly higher
      lymphocyte count. These results have important implications for the possible
      enhancement of the immune system with associated improvement of health during
      ageing.

PMID- 4045336
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal peptide in rat hypophysial portal blood: effects of
      electrical stimulation of various brain areas, the oestrous cycle and
      anaesthetics.
AB  - Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was measured by radioimmunoassay in
      hypophysial portal and peripheral blood from adult male and female Wistar rats.
      The results confirmed that the concentration of VIP in hypophysial portal blood
      was significantly greater than in peripheral blood and showed that VIP release
      into portal blood was not affected by removal of the gut, the largest peripheral
      source of VIP. Electrical stimulation of the median eminence, several
      hypothalamic nuclei, the amygdala or hippocampus had no significant effect on the
      release of VIP into portal blood, possibly because under the conditions of the
      experiment the spontaneous release of VIP is already at a maximum. In female
      rats, the VIP released into portal blood collected between 13.00 and 18.30 h of
      each day of the 4-day oestrous cycle varied under different anaesthetics, and
      there was no consistent increase in VIP release on pro-oestrus suggesting that
      VIP is not involved in the pro-oestrous surge of prolactin.

PMID- 4045337
TI  - Time-dependent effects of oestradiol and progesterone on hypothalamic
      catecholamine turnover in ovariectomized rats.
AB  - Long-term ovariectomized rats received a single injection of 20 micrograms
      oestradiol benzoate (OB) which reduced the serum levels of LH for at least 3
      days. The inhibitory effects were accompanied by time-dependent alterations of
      noradrenaline and dopamine turnover rates in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH)
      and the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic brain area (POAH). Oestradiol markedly
      interfered with the time-dependent variations of noradrenaline and dopamine
      turnover seen in the MBH of untreated ovariectomized animals during daylight
      hours. In the POAH the turnover rate of noradrenaline decreased 2 days after
      priming with OB and then increased in the afternoon of day 3. The increase of
      noradrenaline turnover in the POAH was accompanied by a low afternoon turnover
      rate of dopamine in the MBH and by an increased sensitivity of the LH secretory
      system to progesterone. Dopamine and noradrenaline turnover involve a time
      element. While the negative feedback actions of oestradiol do not seem to be
      associated with changes in dopamine or noradrenaline turnover, the results
      support the view that the induction of LH afternoon surges depends upon an
      increase of stimulatory noradrenergic inputs to the POAH and a decrease of
      inhibitory dopaminergic inputs in the MBH.

PMID- 4045338
TI  - Functional development of the oxytocin release mechanism and its role in the
      initiation of parturition in the rat.
AB  - Developmental changes in levels of oxytocin in the blood and the pituitary gland
      and in oxytocin responses to oxytocin-releasing stimuli were investigated in the
      rat from the fetus close to term to the 40-day-old young adult. The oxytocin
      content of the pituitary gland rose gradually from fetuses of 21 days of
      gestation to 40-day-old rats. Pituitary oxytocin levels expressed in terms of
      body weight also increased up to day 25 after birth and declined slightly
      thereafter. In contrast, serum concentrations of oxytocin increased from day 21
      of pregnancy up to day 5 after birth but were stable thereafter. Oxytocin levels
      in both blood and the pituitary gland were equal in 23-day-old fetuses and 1-day
      old infants born on day 22 of pregnancy. There was no difference in serum and
      pituitary oxytocin levels in newborn pups and unborn littermates of day 22 or 23
      of gestation. The i.p. injection of hypertonic saline induced a significant
      increase in serum oxytocin levels on day 5 and later, but no effect in the fetus
      on day 22 of gestation and in the 1-day-old infant. The responsiveness to the
      osmotic stimuli increased after 5 days of age. The i.p. injection of
      diethyldithiocarbamate, a noradrenaline synthesis inhibitor, or phenobarbitone
      was effective in raising blood oxytocin levels only in rats older than 10 and 20
      days of age respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045339
TI  - Prolactin in cerebrospinal fluid increases the synthesis and release of
      hypothalamic gamma-aminobutyric acid.
AB  - The effect of intracerebroventricularly (i.v.t.)-injected rat prolactin (2
      micrograms/rat) on the function of tuberoinfundibular gamma-aminobutyric acid
      (GABA)ergic neurones was assessed in adult male rats by measuring the activity of
      glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) and the
      concentrations of GABA in hypophysial portal plasma and in the anterior pituitary
      gland. Fourteen hours after i.v.t. injection of rat prolactin the activity of GAD
      in the MBH was significantly (P less than 0.05) increased and it remained
      elevated for at least 16 h after injection. The mean concentrations of GABA in
      hypophysial portal plasma and in the anterior pituitary were twice those found in
      vehicle-treated controls 16 h after administration of rat prolactin; no
      significant effects were observed at earlier time-periods. A significant (P less
      than 0.01) and long-lasting decrease in endogenous plasma prolactin
      concentrations was detected 2 h after the i.v.t. injection of rat prolactin and
      the concentrations remained suppressed for up to 16 h. The present results are
      consistent with the concept that the activity of tuberoinfundibular GABAergic
      neurones is regulated, at least in part, by circulating prolactin. The ability of
      prolactin to accelerate the synthesis and release of GABA in the MBH might
      constitute a short loop feedback system by which the hormone regulates its own
      secretion.

PMID- 4045340
TI  - Relationship of oestrogen and progesterone and their oviductal receptors in
      laying and non-laying 5-year-old hens.
AB  - This study focuses on the relationship of ageing to reproductive function in the
      domestic hen. Reproductive function was assessed by egg-laying records of hens
      from the same flock of 4, 5 and 6 years of age. Egg laying decreased with
      advancing age and the percentage of non-laying hens increased. During an
      ovulatory cycle, plasma levels of oestrogen and progesterone (including the
      preovulatory surge) were similar in both the 5-year-old and 1-year-old laying
      hens. In both young and old non-laying hens, the preovulatory surge of
      progesterone was absent. Levels of oestrogen were similar for all hens, but the
      oestrogen-dependent oviduct was atrophied in non-laying 5-year-old hens. This
      reduction in oviductal size was correlated with reduced levels of magnal nuclear
      oestrogen receptor and cytosol progesterone receptor. These results suggest a
      refractoriness of the oviduct to oestrogen stimulation in the ageing hen.

PMID- 4045341
TI  - 31P-Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of rat pituitary tumours in vivo.
AB  - 31P-Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were obtained in the living rat from
      19 implanted prolactin-secreted pituitary tumours. Seven major peaks were found
      including those arising from the high energy phosphorus metabolites ATP and
      phosphocreatine. Intracellular pH of the tumours was measured and a relationship
      with prolactin secretion was observed, the highest plasma prolactin
      concentrations being associated with an intracellular pH greater than 7.18.
      Repeated NMR measurements in three tumours over periods of up to 21 days revealed
      progressive changes with age, shown by an increase in inorganic phosphate, a
      decrease in high energy phosphorus metabolites and a decrease in prolactin
      secretion. It is concluded that NMR spectroscopy provides a useful method of
      studying intracellular events which accompany hormone secretion in vivo.

PMID- 4045342
TI  - Oestrogens in fetal and maternal fluids throughout pregnancy in the pig and
      comparisons with the ewe and cow.
AB  - In order to correlate the concentrations of oestrogens in the fetal fluids of the
      pig with those observed in the maternal blood and urine, changes in the
      concentrations of oestrone, oestradiol-17 beta, oestrone sulphate, oestradiol
      sulphates and oestrone glucuronide were assessed throughout pregnancy in the
      fetal and maternal fluids. In general, the pattern of change was similar for all
      oestrogens measured in both fetal and maternal fluids. Since the concentration of
      oestrogens in allantoic fluid during early pregnancy is reflected in the
      concentration of these steroids in maternal plasma and excreted in the maternal
      urine, the rise and fall of oestrogen concentrations around day 30 is suggestive
      of synthesis followed by a virtual cessation of oestrogen production until the
      fetus or placenta again produce increasing amounts detectable after day 45. These
      findings contrast sharply with those in the cow and the ewe where, although
      similar peaks in oestrogen concentrations are observable in allantoic fluid
      during early pregnancy, they are not reflected in blood.

PMID- 4045343
TI  - Effects of photoperiod, pinealectomy and castration on body weight and daily
      torpor in Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus).
AB  - During the autumn and winter Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) exhibit
      regression of the gonads, development of a white winter pelage, loss of body
      weight and daily torpor. These seasonal events are largely regulated by changes
      in photoperiod. The present experiments were designed to examine the role of the
      testes and the pineal gland in photoperiodically induced daily torpor and body
      weight loss. Hamsters displayed a loss of body weight and daily torpor when
      exposed to a short-day photoperiod in a cold environment, but these phenomena did
      not occur in hamsters exposed to long days and cold. Testicular regression is
      probably a precondition for the display of torpor, since daily torpor was almost
      totally inhibited in hamsters which were exposed to short days and in which
      testosterone was administered from subcutaneous silicone elastomer implants.
      Nevertheless, decreased testosterone secretion alone is not a sufficient
      condition for induction of daily torpor, since torpor was rarely observed in
      hamsters exposed to long days, even after castration. In addition to decreased
      testicular activity, the pineal gland is also involved in establishing conditions
      for torpor. Thus, pinealectomy prevented the display of torpor by castrated
      hamsters exposed to short days. Body weight changes were also found to be
      influenced by both testicular hormone and pineal activity. These observations
      indicate that the pineal gland is involved, as a part of the photoperiodic
      mechanism, in regulating a variety of physiological events and that some of these
      actions of the pineal are independent of its extensively described actions on the
      reproductive axis.

PMID- 4045344
TI  - An examination of the proposed roles of placental lactogen in the ewe by means of
      antibody neutralization.
AB  - The physiological role of placental lactogen (PL; chorionic somatomammotrophin)
      in the ewe has been investigated by infusion of ewes (n = 3) on day 131 of
      pregnancy with sufficient ovine PL (oPL) antibody to neutralize circulating oPL
      for at least 12 h. Effectiveness of the antibody neutralization was defined both
      in vitro and in vivo according to rigorous criteria. Control ewes (n = 3) were
      infused simultaneously with an equivalent amount of pooled goat gamma globulin.
      Since both sets of ewes had previously been catheterized with jugular, utero
      ovarian and femoral vein catheters and a femoral arterial catheter, it was
      possible to measure whole body glucose kinetics as well as muscle and uterine
      glucose, free fatty acid (FFA) and 3-hydroxybutyrate extraction. In addition,
      plasma levels of insulin, GH, prolactin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I),
      IGF-II, progesterone and cholesterol were determined in femoral arterial samples.
      Neutralization of maternal oPL did not significantly affect whole body glucose
      metabolism, uterine and muscle glucose extraction, or 3-hydroxybutyrate
      extraction by muscle. A trend towards lower plasma FFA levels was observed after
      prolonged infusion, but was not statistically significant. However, plasma
      insulin levels rose significantly during antibody infusion after an early fall.
      These observations are rationalized in terms of the known requirements of
      ruminant metabolism during pregnancy, and contrasted with the accepted model for
      the role of human PL in the metabolic adjustments of pregnancy. No change in
      plasma IGF-I, IGF-II or GH was observed, providing no support for the concept
      that oPL is responsible for maternal somatomedin generation during pregnancy.
      Similarly, plasma prolactin did not differ between antibody-treated and control
      groups. Finally, antibody neutralization had no influence on either plasma
      progesterone or cholesterol, mitigating against a role for oPL in progesterone
      production during late pregnancy in the ewe.

PMID- 4045345
TI  - Validation of a sensitive direct assay for melatonin for investigation of
      circadian rhythms in different species.
AB  - The role of melatonin in animals which do not show marked seasonal changes in
      reproduction is disputed, in part because of the wide variation in reported
      concentrations. One reason for this may be the difficulties associated with the
      measurements of low molar concentrations of melatonin and the presence of a wide
      variety of potentially cross-reacting substances. The availability of a high
      affinity antiserum has allowed an assay, with low cross-reactivity and good
      sensitivity, to be established for the direct measurement of melatonin in a wide
      range of biological fluids, in particular serum, plasma and follicular fluid from
      man and rat. The high affinity of the antiserum enabled a tritium label of high
      specific activity to be used, removing the problems associated with the
      iodination of a small molecular weight compound. Melatonin concentrations in the
      assay were evaluated by four different methods: UV absorbance, gas
      chromatography, comparison of the immunoreactive concentrations of the label with
      the expected concentration by dilution and by comparison with a previously
      established assay which uses the same antiserum. Melatonin was measured in serum
      from twelve healthy women over two 24-h periods; eight women with normal
      menstrual cycles and four taking the contraceptive pill. Concentrations were
      found to range from 19.8 to 215 pmol/l during the day in both groups. In women
      with normal menstrual cycles peak concentrations of 513.2 +/- 54.1 (S.E.M.)
      pmol/l were recorded at 04.00 h, whereas higher concentrations were found in
      women taking the pill, reaching a peak of 849.12 +/- 21.8 (S.E.M.) pmol/l at
      04.00 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045346
TI  - Effect of intraventricular injection of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine on
      spermatogenesis and plasma testosterone levels in the rat.
AB  - Quantitative evaluation of spermatogenesis at stage VII of the cycle of the
      seminiferous epithelium and radioimmunoassay of plasma testosterone were
      performed in adult Wistar rats after intraventricular injection of 5,6
      dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT). The rats were killed 2, 10 and 21 days after
      injection. Brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and plasma testosterone levels were
      found to be significantly lower in all rats treated with 5,6-DHT. A significant
      reduction in step 7 spermatid count was also observed after 10 and 21 days.
      Supplementation with human chorionic gonadotrophin for 21 days in rats injected
      with 5,6-DHT partially prevented the step 7 spermatid degeneration and increased
      testosterone levels without producing any effect on brain concentrations of 5-HT.
      These results suggest that changes in testicular steroidogenesis and
      spermatogenesis are secondary to pituitary gonadotrophin release which, in turn,
      is under the influence of brain 5-HT neurones.

PMID- 4045347
TI  - Evidence for a spinal site at which opioids may act to inhibit the milk-ejection
      reflex.
AB  - Morphine was injected into the lumbar subarachnoid space of anaesthetized
      lactating rats (7-10 days post partum) to examine its effect on the milk-ejection
      reflex at a spinal level. Although the delay until the first milk-ejection
      response to the suckling of hungry pups was variable (3-60 min) the subsequent
      responses occurred at regular intervals of 7.5 +/- 0.4 min; milk-ejection
      responses were detected by measurement of intramammary pressure and by the
      characteristic behaviour of the pups. Injection of morphine (4-50 micrograms) via
      a cannula inserted into the spinal subarachnoid space inhibited reflex milk
      ejection in a dose-related manner without affecting the sensitivity of the
      mammary gland to exogenous oxytocin (1 mu., i.v.); injection extradurally was
      without effect. The opiate antagonist naloxone (10 micrograms), when injected
      intrathecally, did not significantly alter the pattern of reflex milk ejection or
      the amplitude of the intramammary pressure response, but prevented the inhibitory
      effect of morphine when administered with the opiate. Pethidine (250 and 400
      micrograms) also inhibited the milk-ejection reflex. It is unlikely that the
      effect of spinal administration of morphine occurred as the result of the
      transportation to a supraspinal site since release of oxytocin evoked by
      intraventricular injection of hypertonic sodium chloride (3 mol/l) was blocked by
      intraventricular injection of morphine (4 micrograms) but not by a much larger
      dose (40 micrograms) injected intrathecally.

PMID- 4045348
TI  - Changes in ovarian steroidogenesis in prepuberal rats induced to ovulate by low
      doses of human chorionic gonadotrophin.
AB  - To determine whether the decrease in ovarian 5 alpha-reduced androgen production
      before first ovulation might be caused by an increase in serum LH, prepuberal
      female rats were injected at 28-31 days of age with low doses of human chorionic
      gonadotrophin (hCG) (0.05-0.075 i.u., four times daily). This treatment resulted
      in ovulation of six to ten ova per rat on day 32 in all animals. Treatment with
      hCG resulted in a gradual decrease in ovarian content and production (i.e.
      content in ovary and medium after 4h of incubation) of 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol. The
      ovarian content of DHT and the production of 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta
      diol decreased within 24 h after the first injection of hCG. Oestradiol content
      and production increased between 24 and 48 h after the start of treatment and was
      maximal on day 31 (day of pro-oestrus). Activities of 5 alpha-reductase and
      aromatase were measured in ovarian homogenates obtained on days 29-31. Activity
      of 5 alpha-reductase in hCG-treated rats was lower than that in control rats on
      all days studied. Aromatase activity in hCG-treated rats increased between days
      29 and 31. It was concluded that multiple injections of low doses of hCG, which
      may induce ovulation, cause a decrease in 5 alpha-reduced androgen production,
      which is probably due to a decrease in 5 alpha-reductase activity. The subsequent
      increase in oestradiol production corresponds with an increase in aromatase
      activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045349
TI  - Evidence for pituitary regulation of placental lactogen in the rat.
AB  - The present studies examined whether the pituitary hormones, particularly
      prolactin, have any role in the regulation of rat placental lactogen (rPL)
      secretion. Total rPL was measured using a lymphoma cell bioassay. Hypophysectomy
      on day 13 of pregnancy increased total serum rPL levels above those of intact
      control rats and delayed for 3 days the decline in rPL usually seen by day 14. To
      test the effect of early hypophysectomy on rPL secretion, a delayed implantation
      model was used. Hypophysectomy was carried out on day 3, progesterone (2 mg) was
      given daily until day 8 and oestrone (1.0 micrograms) was given on day 8. This
      initiated implantation on day 9, which is 4 days later than normal. Rats
      hypophysectomized on day 3 had high serum levels of rPL (10-13 mg/l) 7 days after
      initiation of implantation compared with control values of 2-3 mg/l, and these
      levels remained raised for the duration of the experiment. Termination of
      maintenance injections of steroids did not affect the high levels of rPL for
      several days, even though there was fetal and placental resorption. When a pair
      of anterior pituitaries was transplanted under the kidney capsule on day 13 (day
      9 of development) of rats hypophysectomized on day 3, serum rPL levels still
      increased for the next 3 days. However, unlike similarly treated rats not
      receiving transplants, rPL levels fell rapidly thereafter and were only 5% of
      those in control animals 1 week later.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045350
TI  - Single nephron function during prolactin-induced pseudopregnancy in the rat.
AB  - Whole kidney and renal micropuncture techniques were used to investigate the
      effects of chronic prolactin treatment on kidney function in anaesthetized female
      rats. At the whole kidney level, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and fluid
      reabsorption were both significantly (P less than 0.02) increased in the hormone
      treated group. At the single nephron level, GFR and proximal fluid reabsorption
      were also increased (P less than 0.05) by prolactin treatment. Fractional
      reabsorption was also enhanced at the proximal tubular level in hormone-treated
      animals. Such changes in renal function are similar to those seen in rat
      pregnancy and cervically stimulated pseudopregnancy. Since circulating prolactin
      concentrations are increased in both reproductive states, the hormone may play an
      important role in establishing the characteristic renal changes seen therein.

PMID- 4045351
TI  - Steroid concentrations in fluid from human ovarian antral follicles during
      pregnancy.
AB  - Steroid concentrations in fluid from 138 ovarian antral follicles obtained from
      30 pregnant women were measured and compared with those in aspirates of 151
      follicles of similar size (i.e. diameter 2-6 mm) from 61 non-pregnant women who
      had normal regular menstruations. The follicles were classified as healthy or
      atretic by flow cytometric DNA measurement of the granulosa cells contained in
      the follicular fluid aspirate. Nine (7%) of the follicles from pregnant women and
      21 (14%) of those from non-pregnant women were healthy, and the remainder atretic
      (P greater than 0.05). Androstenedione was the most abundant steroid in all
      follicles. Mean progesterone levels in follicular fluid from pregnant women were
      significantly (P less than 0.05) higher than in follicular fluid from non
      pregnant women. In pregnant women progesterone levels were significantly (P less
      than 0.01) higher in fluid from healthy than from atretic follicles. In contrast,
      no significant differences in steroid concentrations were found between fluid
      from healthy and atretic follicles in non-pregnant women. We conclude that antral
      ovarian follicles may develop normally to a diameter of around 6 mm during the
      third trimester of human pregnancy. We also conclude that these follicles
      accumulate steroids in the follicular fluid in amounts which equal those found in
      follicles of similar size in the ovaries of non-pregnant women, but that the
      composition of intrafollicular steroids during pregnancy is modified towards
      higher concentration of progesterone. The reason for this increased
      intrafollicular progesterone level is unclear.

PMID- 4045352
TI  - An androgen-independent mechanism maintains photorefractoriness in male tree
      sparrows (Spizella arborea).
AB  - A series of experiments was performed to clarify whether photorefractoriness in
      male tree sparrows is maintained by an androgen-dependent mechanism. Castration
      did not raise plasma LH in photorefractory males held under a daily photoperiod
      of 20 h light:4 h darkness (20L:4D). Castrated photorefractory males were
      implanted with the antiandrogen cyproterone or injected s.c. with the
      antiandrogen flutamide to determine whether androgens which may be resistant to
      castration inhibit LH secretion. Neither cyproterone nor flutamide raised plasma
      LH above values found in castrated control birds. Castrated photorefractory males
      were treated with testosterone to determine whether plasma LH in photorefractory
      males is androgen-suppressible. Concentrations of plasma LH were independent of
      plasma testosterone over a wide range of concentrations. The lack of LH response
      to castration, to castration coupled with antiandrogen therapy, and to castration
      coupled with testosterone replacement argues that photorefractoriness in male
      tree sparrows is maintained by an androgen-independent mechanism.

PMID- 4045353
TI  - Pineal denervation by cervical sympathetic ganglionectomy suppresses the role of
      photoperiod on pregnancy or pseudopregnancy, body weight and moulting periods in
      the mink (Mustela vison).
AB  - In mink, termination of the delayed implantation period, following reactivation
      of the corpora lutea, and onset of the spring moult are associated with a rise in
      prolactin secretion triggered by increasing daylength, while decreasing daylength
      induces the autumn moult. To establish whether suppression of the function of the
      pineal rendered the mink unresponsive to daylength changes, the superior cervical
      ganglion was removed bilaterally 2-4 weeks before mating. Intact and operated
      females were then left outdoors or were put under a lighting regime of either 15
      h light:9 h darkness (15L:9D) or 8L:16D. In July, at the end of the spring moult,
      the 15L:9D lighting regime was changed to one of 8L:16D. Under artificial
      photoperiods ganglionectomy suppressed the stimulatory role of long days and the
      inhibitory role of short days on prolactin secretion, and consequently on
      progesterone secretion and spring moult. Neither was the autumn moult, induced
      early in intact females by the change to a short photoperiod, advanced in
      ganglionectomized females, showing that the latter were unresponsive to the
      artificial modification of the photoperiod. However, in animals kept outdoors,
      prolactin and progesterone secretion and spring moult were not changed by
      ganglionectomy. Increase in body weight and autumn moult were only slightly
      delayed by the operation suggesting that other environmental factors had replaced
      the synchronizing effect of the daylength changes. Alternatively the
      desynchronization between intact females responsive to photoperiodism and those
      rendered unresponsive may be too slow to be observed soon after ganglionectomy.

PMID- 4045354
TI  - Cortisol kinetics and fluid distribution in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis).
AB  - Cortisol kinetics were examined in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) to assess
      possible relationships with body fluid distribution during acclimation to sea
      water (SW). The disappearance curve of [3H]cortisol in plasma, after a bolus
      injection, was analysed by compartmental analysis using a three-pool mammillary
      model. The results indicated that only approximately 10% of the total
      exchangeable cortisol was located in the plasma pool. Over 75% of the total
      cortisol was associated with a large slowly exchanging pool and the remaining
      cortisol was located in a second extravascular tissue pool which was in rapid
      exchange with the plasma pool. Two days after transfer of trout from fresh water
      to SW, when plasma chloride concentration was at a new steady state, body weight,
      intracellular fluid volume, haematocrit and inulin clearance rate were lowered
      but plasma, blood and extracellular volumes were unaltered. Cortisol plasma
      clearance rate was unaltered but plasma cortisol concentration, cortisol
      secretion rate, total cortisol pool size and interpool transport rates were
      increased. These results are consistent with an acute role for cortisol in SW
      adaptation of brook trout. The fraction of the total cortisol cleared was smaller
      and the average time that cortisol spent in the tissue pools was slightly longer
      in trout after transfer to SW, possibly reflecting altered fluid dynamics. The
      fractional disappearance rate was larger at higher plasma cortisol concentrations
      in the SW trout. This relationship is compatible with the hypothesis that
      cortisol protein binding protects cortisol from metabolism.

PMID- 4045355
TI  - Effects of hyperprolactinaemia on reproduction in male mice.
AB  - Hyperprolactinaemia induced by pituitary isografts in male host mice was
      confirmed by radioimmunoassay, but plasma testosterone levels determined by
      radioimmunoassay in these mice showed no changes. Immunoenzyme electron
      microscopic observations revealed large spherical-shaped immunoreactive prolactin
      granules in pituitary grafts in male hosts, regardless of the sex of the donor
      mice, indicating the disappearance of sexual dimorphism in prolactin-producing
      cells in hyperprolactinaemic mice. In hyperprolactinaemic host mice the male
      accessory sex glands, particularly the seminal vesicle and the ventral prostate,
      exhibited considerable proliferation and significant increase in weight. These
      phenomena do not seem to be mediated by the increased action of testosterone.
      Such biological effects in host mice were much greater when the donor was female
      rather than male, and were more noticeable in C57BL mice than in C3H mice.

PMID- 4045356
TI  - Oxytocin and sexual behaviour in the male rat and rabbit.
AB  - In male New Zealand white rabbits, it was shown that oxytocin but not vasopressin
      concentrations in plasma were markedly raised after ejaculation. In male Wistar
      rats, oxytocin infused into the internal carotid artery reduced the number of
      intromissions made before ejaculation but had no other significant effect.
      Infusion of oxytocin into the third ventricle increased the latencies to the
      first mount and intromission and lengthened post-ejaculatory refractory periods.
      It is suggested that oxytocin released into the periphery during coitus, while
      not essentially involved in ejaculation, may exert effects on the genital
      periphery. Behavioural effects of centrally administered oxytocin suggest that it
      may play a role in the neural mechanisms underlying post-ejaculatory
      refractoriness.

PMID- 4045357
TI  - Epidemiology and community health in the medical curriculum: the Nottingham
      experience.
AB  - The epidemiology and community health teaching programme in the medical
      curriculum in Nottingham is described. Epidemiology is taught as a major
      scientific discipline in the first two years, in addition to being applied to
      clinical situations in the later years. All students undertake a research project
      in the third year, and examples of these are given.

PMID- 4045358
TI  - Epidemiology training: a necessity for primary health care.
AB  - In spite of planned development and expansion of health services, especially in
      rural areas in India, mortality due to preventable conditions has remained
      unacceptably high. Important reasons for failure of the health system to detect
      the problems early are centrally planned programmes based on inadequate data and
      time-bound numerical targets for achievement. This promotes a tendency for
      passive implementation which destroys initiative and incentive for
      conceptualisation of problems and strategies. For health programmes to be far
      more successful, the entire health team needs to be given training in
      epidemiology appropriate to the level of each category, so that programme
      planning based on epidemiologically determined local needs can be done at
      district level by the District Health Organisation. Participation of health
      workers and the community will then be more active and relevant to the needs of
      the community.

PMID- 4045359
TI  - Risk factors for ischaemic heart disease: the prospective phase of the British
      Regional Heart Study.
AB  - Risk factors for major ischaemic heart disease (acute myocardial infarction or
      sudden death) have been investigated in a prospective study of 7735 men aged 40
      59 years drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. After a mean follow-up
      of 4.2 years, there have been 202 cases of major ischaemic heart disease.
      Univariate estimates of the risk of ischaemic heart disease show that serum total
      cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, systolic and
      diastolic blood pressures, cigarette smoking, and body mass index are all
      associated with increased risk of ischaemic heart disease. Evidence of ischaemic
      heart disease at initial examination is also strongly associated with increased
      risk of subsequent ischaemic heart disease. All these factors were then
      considered simultaneously using multiple logistic models. Definite myocardial
      infarction on electrocardiogram and recall of a doctor diagnosis of ischaemic
      heart disease remained predictive of subsequent major ischaemic heart disease,
      after allowance for all other risk factors. Serum total cholesterol, blood
      pressure, and cigarette smoking each remained as highly significant independent
      risk factors whereas overweight, above average levels of HDL-cholesterol and
      serum triglyceride were not predictive of risk after allowance for the above
      factors. Men with and without pre-existing ischaemic heart disease were examined
      separately in the same way (using multiple logistic models). The strength of
      association between the principal risk factors and subsequent major ischaemic
      heart disease was reduced in the men with pre-existing ischaemic heart disease,
      only age and serum total cholesterol remaining highly significant. Overall the
      levels of the major risk factors commonly encountered in British men have a
      marked effect on the risk of ischaemic heart disease. Modification of these risk
      factors in the general population constitutes an important national priority.

PMID- 4045360
TI  - The Tromso heart study: coronary risk factors and their association with living
      conditions during childhood.
AB  - We examined the relation between questionnaire answers concerning living
      conditions during childhood and coronary risk factors in 7405 men and 7247 women.
      Poverty during childhood was positively associated with age-adjusted levels (p
      less than 0.05) of total cholesterol and percentage of current smokers (men only)
      and negatively associated with body height. When cholesterol was adjusted for
      age, body mass index, leisure time physical activity, coffee and alcohol
      consumption, and cigarette smoking there was a significant linear trend in women
      (p less than or equal to 0.0001) but not in men (p = 0.224). Analysing only
      subjects born in Troms county, giving a more homogeneous population, the linear
      trend became significant (p = 0.011) for men also. We conclude that childhood
      poverty followed by a high standard of living operates, at least partly, as a
      risk factor for coronary heart disease through conventional risk factors.

PMID- 4045362
TI  - Automatic measurement of blood pressure: evaluation of the Copal UA-231 automatic
      sphygmomanometer.
AB  - The suitability of an automatic sphygmomanometer for epidemiological work was
      evaluated in two studies. In the first, blood pressure measurements were made
      alternately on the automatic machine and on a Hawksley random zero instrument on
      14 volunteers on each of four consecutive days by a single medical observer. No
      significant difference was found between the mean diastolic pressure obtained by
      each instrument but the mean systolic pressure was 5 mm higher on average on the
      automatic machine. In the second study, the effect of cuff position for the
      automatic instrument was examined. Differences between recommended and errant
      cuff positions of up to 4.5 mmHg were recorded but these did not reach
      statistical significance. These studies indicate that if used carefully this
      automatic instrument is suitable for survey and experimental use.

PMID- 4045361
TI  - Blood pressure in Papua New Guinea: a survey of two highland villages in the
      Asaro Valley.
AB  - The results of a population survey of blood pressure in the adult residents of
      two highland villages in the Asaro Valley, Papua New Guinea are reported. The
      survey was conducted in 1983 as part of a wider epidemiological investigation of
      non-communicable disease in Papua New Guinea. Response to the survey was 95%, and
      308 subjects were examined. Population estimates of both systolic and diastolic
      blood pressures were low and there was a virtual absence of hypertension, as
      defined by internationally recommended criteria. There was no evidence of a rise
      in blood pressure with age, and the association between blood pressure and
      indices of obesity was weak. These findings are consistent with previous studies
      of blood pressure in traditional Papua New Guinean societies. The two villages
      differed with respect to their degree of modernisation. An unexpected finding was
      that in both sexes, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher in
      the more traditional village. In each case, these differences were consistent
      across the three age groups examined, and they could not be explained by
      differences between the villages with respect to the indices of obesity. Analysis
      of variance showed that the higher blood pressures in the more traditional
      village were most unlikely to be due to chance (p less than 0.001). The
      explanation for this finding remains obscure.

PMID- 4045363
TI  - Fluoridation and cancer mortality in Anglesey.
AB  - Mortality in Anglesey from cancer (all sites), cancer of trachea, bronchus, and
      lung, cancer of stomach, and cancer of all other sites has been compared with
      mortality in England and Wales at two periods; 1949-53 (before fluoridation) and
      1979-83 (after 20 years and more of fluoridation). No evidence has been found to
      support the hypothesis that water fluoridation affects cancer mortality.

PMID- 4045364
TI  - Arsenic, syphilis, and cancer of the prostate.
AB  - A study was conducted to investigate the association of cancer of the prostate
      with historical records of previous venereal disease and treatment with arsenical
      drugs. Eighty-three cancer cases were each age matched with two male controls-
      one with benign prostatic hypertrophy and one other non-cancer patient. Analysis
      from pooled data showed a statistically significant difference for syphilis
      infection between cases and controls at p less than 0.05; odds ratio 2.9. Matched
      pair analysis maintained p less than 0.05 significance for the first control
      group but odds ratios were 5.5 and 2.75 in respect of control groups 1 and 2. The
      mean age at which venereal infection was acquired was higher for syphilis than
      for gonorrhoea, but the mean age at diagnosis of cancer was younger for the
      syphilis group; there was a statistically significant difference between the mean
      at cancer diagnosis of those who had syphilis and those who had no record of
      previous venereal infection (t = 2.18, df 70, p less than 0.05). No association
      was demonstrated for history of treatment with arsenical drugs.

PMID- 4045365
TI  - Multiple myeloma in South Cumbria 1974-80: problems of health analysis in small
      communities.
AB  - The occurrence of seven cases of multiple myeloma over seven years in a small
      community 15 miles from a plant reprocessing nuclear fuel caused much local
      concern. A case control study of 34 confirmed cases in the health district during
      1974 to 1980 revealed no excess of known risk factors among the 23 cases for whom
      informants could be traced. The possible effects of exposure to marine discharges
      of radioactive material cannot be completely ruled out, but dose estimates make
      this highly unlikely. Such studies are a necessary response by community
      physicians to the population they serve but have major practical and theoretical
      limitations.

PMID- 4045366
TI  - Birth dates of men with cancer of the testis.
AB  - A recent rise in the incidence of cancer of the testis in affluent countries and
      affluent social strata suggests either an iatrogenic effect analogous with
      adenocarcinoma of the vagina or a prenatal infection analogous with congenital
      rubella syndrome. Three samples were assembled, two based on registration and one
      on death certification, and dates of birth were examined for the presence of
      steps, cycles, and irregular clusters. There was no evidence of a sudden step,
      and only equivocal evidence of clustering, but there was strong evidence of a
      temporal cycle. The cycle has a four-month period, analogous with a school-term
      related cyclical component identified in other diseases. A prenatal infection is
      strongly suggested, but the pattern enables us to exclude many of the common
      childhood infectious fevers.

PMID- 4045367
TI  - A case control study of lung cancer in Florence, Italy. I. Occupational risk
      factors.
AB  - A case control study of lung cancer in Florence, Italy was performed to
      investigate occupational risk factors for both men and women. The case series (n
      = 376) comprised all incident, histologically confirmed cases of primary lung
      cancer occurring in a three year period. Controls (n = 892) were patients in the
      same hospital of similar age, sex, date of admission, and smoking status with
      discharge diagnoses other than lung cancer or suicide. A detailed occupational
      history was collected from each subject directly. Logistic regression models were
      used to calculate odds ratios for specific occupations compared to all others.
      Among men, the lung cancer risk for bricklayers using firebrick and other
      refractory materials was elevated (adjusted odds ratio 6.5, 95% limits 2.1 and
      20.9). Female hat makers, probably exposed to arsenic while making felt hats, had
      an elevated risk of lung cancer (6 cases versus 0 controls, p = 0.01). Risks in
      other occupations are discussed.

PMID- 4045368
TI  - A case control study of lung cancer in Florence, Italy. II. Effect of migration
      from the south.
AB  - Risk of lung cancer related to region of birth in Italy was investigated among
      migrants to Florence, in a case control study of all histologically confirmed
      incident cases of primary lung cancer in a three year period in that city (n =
      376). Controls (n = 892) were patients in the same hospital of similar age, sex,
      date of admission, and smoking status with discharge diagnoses other than lung
      cancer or suicide. Information on place of birth and year of migration to
      Florence was collected directly from each subject, along with a detailed
      occupational history. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds
      ratio for birth in the south of Italy relative to birth elsewhere. Male migrants
      from the south have an odds ratio of lung cancer of 0.5 (95% limits 0.3 to 0.7)
      relative to those born elsewhere. This "protective effect" is not explained by
      smoking or by any known occupational risk. The risk is lowest among those born on
      the island of Sicily (odds ratio 0.2 compared to those born in the centre-north).

PMID- 4045369
TI  - Lead levels on traffic-less islands.
AB  - Surveys were conducted on three traffic-less islands: Tory and Aran, off the
      coast of Ireland, and Sark, one of the Channel Islands off the coast of France.
      Identical methods were used in surveys in three other areas, all of which have
      heavy gasoline driven traffic. These were Jersey, another of the Channel Islands,
      Ebbw Vale--a mixed industrial area, and Cardiff--the capital city of Wales.
      Environmental lead levels were very low in two of the traffic-less islands, but
      on the third, house dust lead levels were comparable with levels found throughout
      Wales. Blood lead levels on one of the islands were similar to those which have
      been reported for unaccultured remote tribes, but on the other two traffic-less
      islands blood lead levels were comparable with those of areas on the mainland of
      Wales.

PMID- 4045371
TI  - Height and weight in two English towns.

PMID- 4045372
TI  - Concentrations of trans-unsaturated fatty acids in adipose tissue.

PMID- 4045370
TI  - Comparison of food constituents in the diet of female agricultural workers in
      Japan with high and low concentrations of high density lipoprotein in their sera.
AB  - Over 300 female farmers from 18 regions in various parts of Japan were examined
      for high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) in the serum. Based on the HDL
      levels, three examinees with the highest HDL and another three with the lowest
      HDL were selected from each region to form the high HDL group (high group, 54
      subjects) and the low HDL group (low group, 54 subjects), respectively, so that
      any geographical effects on HDL could be excluded. The 108 subjects were examined
      for serum lipid biochemistry, anthropometry, and nutrient intake (by collection
      and analyses of 24-hour duplicates of the diet). While the HDL level in the high
      group (64.8 +/- 11.2 mg/100 ml, mean +/- SD) was significantly (p less than 0.01)
      higher than in the low group (31.4 +/- 5.6 mg/100 ml), the low group had a higher
      serum triglyceride level and was more obese than the high group. Nutritional
      analyses of the diets taken by each group member revealed that the diets of both
      groups were typically Japanese (ie, low calorie intake at ca 2000 kcal/day,
      higher dependency on carbohydrate, equal amounts of protein from animals and
      vegetables, and large fish intake) and essentially similar (p less than 0.05) in
      nutritional constituents, such as total energy, carbohydrate, fibre,
      saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio or sodium chloride, except that members of
      the high group took significantly (p less than 0.01 approximately 0.05) more
      protein and fat (thus more of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids). None
      of the nutritional items studied appeared to explain the different HDL levels in
      the two groups.

PMID- 4045373
TI  - Social class analysis.

PMID- 4045374
TI  - Reaction times of younger and older men: effects of compound samples and a
      prechoice signal on delayed matching-to-sample performances.
AB  - Five younger (18 to 23 yrs) and five older (65 to 73 yrs) men were exposed to a
      series of immediate and delayed (0 to 15 seconds) matching-to-sample problems.
      Presentation of the pairs of delayed comparison stimuli was either signaled or
      unsignaled, and the sample contained either 1, 2, or 3 elements, one of which
      appeared as the positive stimulus. During initial sessions, unlimited time was
      available to respond. Subsequently, correct responses were reinforced only if
      they occurred within a specified time limit. A general finding was slower
      responding with increased delay and with increased number of sample elements.
      These effects were reduced when the comparison stimuli were signaled and when
      time limits were in effect. Errors increased as a function of the manipulations
      of sample complexity and time limits, but did not change systematically when the
      delay between sample and comparison stimuli was varied. Although the younger men
      generally responded more quickly than the older ones, men of both ages showed
      increased speeds when limits were placed on response time, and these changes were
      maintained when the temporal contingencies were removed.

PMID- 4045375
TI  - Amount consumed varies as a function of feeder design.
AB  - Studies of pigeon behavior in which magazine-cycle duration is varied suggest
      that many researchers assume that feeders of different designs dispense food at
      roughly the same rate. However, Epstein (1981) showed that, with a commonly used
      feeder, the amount of grain a pigeon consumes is a negatively accelerated
      function of magazine-cycle duration. The present experiment shows that, with a
      different commonly used feeder, amount consumed is roughly a linear function of
      magazine-cycle duration. At a duration of 60 seconds, the second feeder dispenses
      roughly 10 times as much food as the first. Thus, reports of studies in which
      magazine-cycle duration is varied should identify the design of the feeder
      employed, and in some cases, authors should consider determining the feeding
      functions for those feeders.

PMID- 4045376
TI  - The effects of chlorpromazine and imipramine on rate and stimulus control of
      matching to sample.
AB  - Pigeons were trained to perform simultaneous, two-color matching to sample under
      a multiple fixed-ratio fixed-interval schedule of food presentation. The sequence
      terminating with a peck on the matching key (a "match") was treated as a unit,
      analogous to a single key peck in conventional schedules. Except for intermittent
      reinforcement of matches, no consequent stimulus distinguished matches from
      mismatches (sequences terminating with pecks on the nonmatching key). The pattern
      of matches during nondrug sessions resembled that of simpler operants maintained
      by similar schedules. Matches increased in rate toward the end of both
      components; mismatch rates increased more slowly. Imipramine increased the rate
      of mismatches, disrupted schedule patterning, and lowered accuracy in a dose
      dependent fashion. Chlorpromazine lowered the overall rate of matches but
      affected schedule patterns and accuracy less than imipramine. The types of errors
      during drug sessions were not systematically related to the types of errors that
      appeared during nondrug sessions. Stimulus control was evaluated for each of the
      four possible color configurations and was found to be by the entire
      configuration of colors, not simply by the color of the sample.

PMID- 4045377
TI  - Organization in visual episodic memory: relationships between verbalized
      knowledge, strategy use, and performance.
AB  - Relationships between verbalized knowledge (metamemory), strategy use, and
      performance were examined in a memory task for visually presented episodes.
      Kindergarten, second-grade, and fifth-grade students were asked to reconstruct a
      sequence of pictures forming an episode from an array of original pictures and
      foils. The episodes varied on two dimensions; materials type and the logic of the
      sequence. Materials were either typical (familiar animal characters and scenes)
      or atypical (geometric figures) story materials. Sequences either readily
      conveyed a story (logical) or were rearranged to present a random ordering of
      pictures (illogical). Children were questioned about their use of a story line to
      help remember the picture sequences (general questioning) and were asked more
      specific questions concerning the reasons for their picture selection during the
      task (specific questioning). Children at all ages recalled logical sequences
      better than illogical ones. Second- and fifth-grade children recalled animal
      episodes better than geometric form episodes. Children at all ages showed a
      correspondence between strategy use and metamemory as assessed by verbalization
      of relationships among pictures during the specific questioning. However, when
      the more typical general question format was used to assess metamemory, strategy
      use preceded verbalized knowledge of strategy use.

PMID- 4045378
TI  - Utilization of static and kinetic information for depth by young Malawians.
AB  - The utilization of static and kinetic information for depth by Malawian children
      and young adults in making monocular relative size judgments was investigated.
      Subjects viewed pairs of objects or photographic slides of the same pairs and
      judged which was the larger of each pair. The sizes and positions of the objects
      were manipulated such that the more distant object subtended a visual angle equal
      to, 80% of, or 70% of the nearer object. Motor parallax information was
      manipulated by allowing or preventing head movement. All subjects displayed
      sensitivity to static information for depth when the two objects subtended equal
      visual angles. When the more distant object was larger but subtended a smaller
      visual angle than the nearer object, subjects tended to base their judgments on
      retinal size. Motion parallax information increased accuracy of judgments of
      three-dimensional displays but reduced accuracy of judgments of pictorial
      displays. Comparisons are made between these results and those for American
      subjects.

PMID- 4045379
TI  - Memory for verbal and nonverbal stimuli in learning disability subgroups:
      analysis by selective reminding.
AB  - Memory for verbal and nonverbal stimuli was evaluated using selective reminding
      procedures in normal achieving children and four groups of disabled learners: (1)
      reading-spelling disabled (R-S); (2) reading-spelling-arithmetic disabled (R-S
      A); (3) spelling-arithmetic disabled (S-A); and (4) arithmetic disabled (A). Each
      child received two analogous free-list memory tasks, one for verbal material
      (animal names) and the other for nonverbal material (random dot patterns). These
      tasks were administered using selective reminding procedures that permit
      separation of storage and retrieval aspects of memory by reminding children only
      of those words not recalled on previous trials. Results revealed that relative to
      controls, the A and S-A children had significantly lower storage and retrieval
      scores on the nonverbal task, but did not differ on the verbal task; the R-S
      children differed only on retrieval scores from the verbal task; and the R-S-A
      children on retrieval scores on the verbal task and storage and retrieval scores
      on the nonverbal task. Thus, results indicate that the memory performance of
      disabled learners varies according to (1) the type of learning problem
      (arithmetic vs reading), (2) the nature of the stimuli (verbal vs nonverbal), and
      (3) the aspect of memory being assessed (storage vs retrieval). This study
      provides external validation for the classification of disabled learners
      according to patterns of academic achievement, demonstrating a useful procedure
      for dealing with the intrasubject variability characteristic of disabled
      learners.

PMID- 4045380
TI  - Infants' search for visible objects: implications for the interpretation of early
      search errors.
AB  - This study examined the error patterns of 9-month-old infants searching for
      hidden objects and objects that were visible within a container. Although errors
      occurred in both conditions, there were important differences between them. When
      the object was hidden, infants showed significant perseveration in that they
      searched more often at the object's previous hiding place than at a control
      location. When the object was visible, however, they made fewer errors and the
      errors they did make were as likely to be to the control location as to the
      previous hiding place. These results suggest that infants' errors in searching
      for a visible object reflect lapses of attention rather than systematic
      misunderstandings of objects or space and so are not incompatible with an
      information-processing account of early search.

PMID- 4045381
TI  - Children's perception of melodies: the role of contour, frequency, and rate of
      presentation.
AB  - Children 4 to 6 years of age were exposed to repetitions of a six-tone melody,
      then tested for their detection of transformations that either preserved or
      changed the contour of the standard melody. Discrimination performance was
      examined as a function of contour condition, magnitude of contour change, rate of
      presentation, and the presence of novel frequencies. Performance was superior for
      transformations that changed contour compared to those that did not, for greater
      changes in contour, and for faster presentation rates. Melodies transformed by a
      reordering of component tones were no less discriminable than those transformed
      by the addition of novel frequencies.

PMID- 4045382
TI  - Delayed recognition memory for orientation by human infants.
AB  - The familiarization/novelty preference paradigm was employed to study the effect
      of a delay (between the end of the familiarization phase and the beginning of the
      test phase) on discrimination of the orientation of square-wave gratings by 2-
      and 3-month-old human infants. Three stimulus pairs were studied: horizontal
      vertical, non-mirror-image obliques, and mirror-image obliques. The data indicate
      that the members of the oblique-oblique stimulus pairs are confused in memory to
      a greater extent than the members of the horizontal-vertical stimulus pair. These
      findings are consistent with P.C. Bomba's (1984, Journal of Experimental Child
      Psychology, 37, 609-636) recent report that infants respond to the orientation of
      a visual stimulus in a categorical-like manner.

PMID- 4045383
TI  - Developmental changes in selective and integrative visual attention.
AB  - School-aged children and adults performed two speeded classification tasks
      designed to examine the relation between selective and integrative aspects of
      visual attention. Stimuli consisted of two parentheses (Experiment 1) or two
      arrows (Experiment 2) separated by 0.5 to 16 degrees visual angle. In a selective
      attention task, observers classified stimuli on the basis of one of the two
      elements. Younger children experienced more interference when the elements were
      closely spaced than older children and adults. In an integrative attention task,
      stimuli were classified on the basis of both of the elements. Here age
      differences were most pronounced when elements were separated by large visual
      angles. These findings suggest that the ability to contract and expand the size
      of the attentional "spotlight" improves with age in the school years.

PMID- 4045384
TI  - Comparing autistic and normal children along the dimensions of reinforcement
      maximization, stimulus sampling, and responsiveness to extinction.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess autistic children's ability to maximize
      reinforcement, sample among available stimuli, and respond to extinction.
      Responding to five concurrent reinforcement schedules (CRF, FR 2, FR 4, FR 7, and
      FR 11) was monitored and compared to groups of mental age-matched and
      chronological age-matched normal children. When a given child consistently
      selected a given schedule of reinforcement, it was then put on extinction, and
      both perseveration and responding to the remaining (intact) schedules of
      reinforcement were monitored. The results showed, first, that while normal
      children selected the richest schedule of reinforcement, autistics did not
      maximize reinforcement, typically selecting one of the thinner schedules
      available. Second, the autistic children sampled less, and less efficiently, than
      the normal children. Third, the autistic children proved to be much less
      responsive to extinction, perseverating longer than the normal children before
      switching to a new reinforcement schedule. Fourth, whenever extinction proved to
      be a problem in the autistics, it was quickly achieved by a simple change in the
      stimulus conditions. These results are discussed as possible "keystone" deficits,
      which may be causally related to many of the behavioral deficits of autism and
      which might be important target behaviors for treatment.

PMID- 4045385
TI  - Cysteine eliminates the feeder cell requirement for cultivation of Trypanosoma
      brucei bloodstream forms in vitro.
AB  - In all previous studies, bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei could be grown
      in vitro only when supported by a feeder layer of mammalian fibroblasts. We have
      axenically cultivated bloodstream T. brucei by adding L-cysteine at regular
      intervals and appropriate concentrations. The optimum cysteine concentration
      depends on cell density and is close to physiological serum levels. At
      concentrations greater than 24 mg/liter (2 X 10(-4) M), cysteine was acutely
      toxic to trypanosome concentrations of 3 X 10(7)/ml. Toxicity was prevented by
      addition of pyruvate or catalase, which neutralize H2O2 produced by cysteine
      autoxidation. In uptake studies using [35S]cysteine and [35S]cystine, T. brucei
      efficiently incorporated only cysteine. The Km for cysteine uptake was 4 X 10(-4)
      M. Cystine supported axenic growth if low concentrations of 2-mercaptoethanol
      were added at regular intervals.

PMID- 4045386
TI  - The hematopoietic system is a source of odorants that distinguish major
      histocompatibility types.
AB  - Radiation chimeras were made by restoring lethally irradiated inbred mice with
      bone marrow cells of F1 hybrid mice of crosses between that inbred strain and an
      H-2-congenic strain. The urine of these chimeras was tested by the Y maze method,
      and shown to have acquired a scent indicative of the reconstituting donors' H-2
      type. Thus, cells of the hematopoietic system contribute to the H-2-related
      odorant properties that enable mice to distinguish one another according to their
      H-2 types.

PMID- 4045387
TI  - A continuous method for the determination of leucine aminopeptidase in human
      serum with L-leucinamide as substrate.
AB  - A continuous procedure for the determination of leucine aminopeptidase is
      described. L-leucinamide is used as substrate and the liberated ammonia is
      determined with the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction. The enzyme is Mn2+
      activated and 30 mumol/l MnCl2 is necessary for an optimal activity measurement.
      Influence of buffer type, buffer concentration and pH are reported together with
      the apparent Km values of leucine aminopeptidase for L-leucinamide and of
      glutamate dehydrogenase for 2-oxoglutarate. Amastatin, a potent inhibitor,
      inhibits the reaction of leucine aminopeptidase completely, whereas it has no
      inhibitory effect on the reaction with glutamate dehydrogenase. The normal
      reference interval for leucine aminopeptidase is 12-65 U/l at 37 degrees C. The
      properties of the enzyme are discussed.

PMID- 4045388
TI  - Short-term and long-term intra-individual variations and critical differences of
      coagulation parameters.
AB  - The intra-individual variations of 9 coagulation parameters were studied during
      short-term (within-one-day) and long-term (six months) periods. Two groups of
      healthy individuals (viz. 60 and 274 persons) were involved. Moreover, critical
      differences have been calculated from the total variations, comprising both
      biological and analytical variations. The influences of external factors such as
      sex, smoking and the use of oral contraceptives have also been studied. The
      variability and critical differences found in coagulation parameters in this
      study appeared to be of the same order as those observed in parameters usually
      determined in clinical chemistry and haematology. The application of critical
      differences in the evaluation and use of laboratory data, also in coagulation
      studies, enhances the objectivity of the judgement. Moreover, in the follow-up of
      patients the sensitivity of the parameters is increased.

PMID- 4045389
TI  - [Flow-through electrophoresis].
AB  - The construction, the main technical details and the handling of a new
      electrophoretic apparatus1) are described. This system can be used for flow
      through electrophoresis, as well as all slab or tube gel techniques. The
      suitability of the apparatus is demonstrated by the electrophoretic analysis of
      different samples by flow-through electrophoresis.

PMID- 4045390
TI  - International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC), Office for Reference
      Methods and Materials (ORMM). Methodological aspects on quantitative mass
      spectrometry used for accuracy control in clinical chemistry.

PMID- 4045391
TI  - Somatization in primary care.

PMID- 4045392
TI  - Research in family medicine.

PMID- 4045394
TI  - Rubella susceptibility in young adults.
AB  - Despite widespread availability of rubella vaccine, a substantial group of young
      women remain at risk for delivery of infants with congenital rubella syndrome. In
      this study of 224 women students of childbearing age seen at a university
      gynecological clinic, 10.3 percent were shown serologically to have nonimmune
      rubella status. Of this group only five women returned for free immunization.
      Compliance and motivation appeared lacking. Patient history of infection or
      immunization was found to be unreliable; 59 percent of the sample population were
      uncertain of their immune status, and 32 percent showed poor understanding of
      rubella. Serological testing appears to be the only reliable test for detecting
      immune status.

PMID- 4045393
TI  - Adolescent health care: improving access by school-based service.

PMID- 4045396
TI  - Bowel preparation for flexible sigmoidoscopy.
AB  - One hundred ten consecutive patients undergoing 35-cm flexible sigmoidoscopy were
      enrolled in a study to compare the efficacy of one vs two enemas (Fleet's) in
      achieving adequate bowel preparation. Fifty-five patients received two enemas
      administered one and three hours before sigmoidoscopy. The other 55 subjects
      received one enema given one hour before the procedure. Bowel preparation was
      considered inadequate if sigmoidoscopy was terminated prematurely because fecal
      material obscured visualization through the sigmoidoscope. Inadequate bowel
      preparation occurred in 12.9 percent of subjects who received one enema and in
      20.0 percent of those who received two enemas (chi 2 = 0.97, P = .36). There was
      no difference between the groups in depth of penetration of the sigmoidoscope or
      duration (in minutes) of the examination. It is concluded that either one or two
      enemas are equally effective in preparing patients for sigmoidoscopy. Patient
      acceptance of sigmoidoscopy could be enhanced by using one enema instead of two
      with no decrease in adequacy of bowel preparation.

PMID- 4045395
TI  - Physician decision making over the telephone.
AB  - Physician decision-making behaviors were evaluated for 31 telephone encounters
      between trained patient simulators and 9 first-year residents, 11 third-year
      residents, and 8 practicing physicians on after-hours call. The following trends
      occur as physicians become more experienced: mean call length decreases, less
      time is spent on diagnosis, fewer diagnostic questions are asked, greater time is
      spent on management, and diagnostic reasoning becomes more intuitive. These
      findings suggest that previous models of good telephone decision making, which
      focused on empirical data collection, may not represent the process used by
      experienced physicians.

PMID- 4045397
TI  - Self-audit: its effect on quality of care.
AB  - Using a crossover design, it is shown that an individual criteria setting
      followed by immediate feedback of previous performance produced a sustained and
      continuing improvement in recording for two common conditions (cystitis and
      vaginitis). The intervention, which is simple and could easily be applied in
      other settings, produced improvements significant at the P = .001 level. The
      study controlled for overall improvement in record keeping. Further testing of
      this method of influencing physician performance is warranted.

PMID- 4045398
TI  - Old electrocardiograms and hospital admission decisions.

PMID- 4045399
TI  - The persistent hypoglossal artery in ischemic intracranial cerebral vascular
      disease.

PMID- 4045400
TI  - Cervical dilatation in the nonpregnant patient with vaginal 16-dimethyl
      prostaglandin E2.

PMID- 4045401
TI  - Medicine obeys the law: Part II.

PMID- 4045402
TI  - The hospice model.

PMID- 4045403
TI  - Medical care: a tangled web of paradoxes.

PMID- 4045404
TI  - Child abuse: old problem, new perspectives.

PMID- 4045405
TI  - Malpractice relief: is it coming?

PMID- 4045406
TI  - Child abuse by burning.

PMID- 4045407
TI  - The abuse of infants by manual shaking: medical, social and legal issues.

PMID- 4045408
TI  - The incestuous family: profile and treatment plan.

PMID- 4045409
TI  - Spasmus nutans occurring with child abuse/neglect.

PMID- 4045410
TI  - Academic radiology: can it survive?

PMID- 4045411
TI  - The Health Maintenance Organization as a cost containment instrument: logic or
      illusion?

PMID- 4045412
TI  - The frequency of occurrence of various human blood groups in the United Kingdom,
      with observations on their regional variation.

PMID- 4045413
TI  - On body fluid frequencies.

PMID- 4045414
TI  - Blood group frequencies of immigrant and indigenous populations from South East
      England.

PMID- 4045415
TI  - Minute trauma involving the surface of the lung: case report using a new
      technique for examination.

PMID- 4045416
TI  - Muscle as an autopsy material for evaluation of fatal cases of drug overdose.

PMID- 4045417
TI  - An evaluation of EsD typing by isoelectric focusing.

PMID- 4045418
TI  - Endogenous production of alcohol in humans.

PMID- 4045420
TI  - Cytolytic and phospholipase C activity in Legionella species.
AB  - To examine one possible mechanism of damage to leucocytes and tissue cells in
      legionellosis, seven species of Legionella were examined for cytolytic activity
      and for elaboration of phospholipase C, an enzyme that can damage mammalian cell
      membranes. Cytolysis was assessed using erythrocytes in agar. Phospholipase C was
      assayed by release of p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenylphosphorylcholine and of
      tritiated phosphorylcholine from L-alpha-dipalmitoyl-[choline-methyl
      3H]phosphatidylcholine. L. pneumophila, L. bozemanii, L. micdadei, L. dumoffii,
      L. gormanii, L. longbeachae and L. jordanis all lysed dog red blood cells, which
      have a high ratio of membrane phosphatidylcholine to sphingomyelin. The same
      strains hydrolysed varying amounts of p-nitrophenylphosphorylcholine; L.
      bozemanii exhibited the greatest activity. L. pneumophila, L. bozemanii, L.
      dumoffii, L. longbeachae and L. jordanis, but not L. micdadei, released tritiated
      phosphorylcholine from labelled substrate. These results indicate that several
      species of Legionella possess cytolytic capability; exotoxins with activity may
      play a role.

PMID- 4045419
TI  - Rates and equilibria for a photoisomerizable antagonist at the acetylcholine
      receptor of Electrophorus electroplaques.
AB  - Voltage-jump and light-flash experiments have been performed on isolated
      Electrophorus electroplaques exposed simultaneously to nicotinic agonists and to
      the photoisomerizable compound 2,2'-bis-[alpha-(trimethylammonium)methyl]
      azobenzene (2BQ). Dose-response curves are shifted to the right in a nearly
      parallel fashion by 2BQ, which suggests competitive antagonism; dose-ratio
      analyses show apparent dissociation constants of 0.3 and 1 microM for the cis and
      trans isomers, respectively. Flash-induced trans----cis concentration jumps
      produce the expected decrease in agonist-induced conductance; the time constant
      is several tens of milliseconds. From the concentration dependence of these
      rates, we conclude that the association and dissociation rate constants for the
      cis-2BQ-receptor binding are approximately 10(8) M-1 s-1 and 60 s-1 at 20 degrees
      C; the Q10 is 3. Flash-induced cis----trans photoisomerizations produce molecular
      rearrangements of the ligand-receptor complex, but the resulting relaxations
      probably reflect the kinetics of buffered diffusion rather than of the
      interaction between trans-2BQ and the receptor. Antagonists seem to bind about an
      order of magnitude more slowly than agonists at nicotinic receptors.

PMID- 4045422
TI  - The purification and some properties of H-lysin from Aeromonas salmonicida.
AB  - H-lysin from Aeromonas salmonicida has been purified 1770-fold by freeze
      fractionation, ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and
      gel filtration chromatography. The purified material was predominantly H-lysin,
      devoid of detectable T-lysin, caseinase or gelatinase activity, although
      glycerophospholipid: cholesterol acyltransferase (GCAT) activity was present. The
      results suggested that H-lysin and GCAT activities were due to different
      extracellular products. Studies of the kinetics of haemolysis indicated that the
      H-lysin had an enzymic mode of action, and that initial erythrocyte damage
      appeared to precede lysis of the cell. The H-lysin was lethal to cultured rainbow
      trout gonad cells and leucocytes, but when it was injected intravenously in
      rainbow trout no pathological effects were observed.

PMID- 4045421
TI  - A Paracoccidioides brasiliensis polysaccharide having granuloma-inducing, toxic
      and macrophage-stimulating activity.
AB  - The occurrence of a polysaccharide fraction of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis cell
      wall with toxic, granuloma-inducing and macrophage-stimulating activities was
      demonstrated. After fractionation of the lipid-extracted wall with 1 M-NaOH,
      three fractions were obtained: (1) an alkali-insoluble fraction; (2) an alkali
      soluble, acid-insoluble fraction and (3) an alkali-soluble, acid-soluble
      fraction. When the three fractions were injected into mice only fraction (1) was
      able to induce chronic lung inflammation, causing a marked loss in body weight
      and death at a dose of 6 mg per animal. Analysis of the stimulation of peritoneal
      macrophages of mice (measured by cell spreading on glass) after intraperitoneal
      injection of fraction 1 showed that 75% of the cells were able to spread even 20
      d after inoculation.

PMID- 4045423
TI  - Inducible and constitutive formation of fructanase in batch and continuous
      cultures of Streptococcus mutans.
AB  - The production of extracellular beta-D-fructanase by several strains of
      Streptococcus mutans was studied in continuous culture. When glucose was the
      limiting nutrient, S. mutans K1-R and OMZ176 accumulated fructanase to maximum
      levels at low growth rates (dilution rate 0.05-0.10 h-1), due to the longer
      residence times of the bacteria in the culture vessel under these conditions.
      Extracellular fructanase activity was greater than has been previously reported
      for batch cultures. The rate of fructanase production for both S. mutans strains
      K1-R and OMZ176 increased with increasing growth rate when glucose was limiting.
      Under conditions of glucose sufficiency, the rate of fructanase production was
      always lower than in cultures where glucose was limiting, irrespective of the
      growth rate. Cultures of S. mutans Ingbritt (serotype c) grown with sorbitol- or
      glucose-limitation synthesized fructanase at a very low basal rate. When fructose
      was the limiting carbohydrate the enzyme was induced with a maximum rate of
      production occurring at a dilution rate of 0.40 h-1. Strains of S. mutans from
      other serotypes (a, d, d/g) were either not affected by changing the limiting
      sugar from glucose to fructose or else fructanase activity was slightly decreased
      in the fructose-limited medium. Fructanases from various strains of S. mutans
      readily hydrolysed (2----6)-beta-D-fructans, but all possessed the ability to
      hydrolyse (2----1)-beta-D-fructans to varying degrees.

PMID- 4045424
TI  - Equivalence of mycobactins from Mycobacterium senegalense, Mycobacterium
      farcinogenes and Mycobacterium fortuitum.
AB  - Mycobactins were isolated from five strains designated Mycobacterium farcinogenes
      and a similar number designated Mycobacterium senegalense following growth under
      conditions of iron-limitation. These lipid-soluble iron-chelating compounds were
      characterized by a combination of thin-layer and high-performance liquid
      chromatography. The mycobactins from both the slow-growing M. farcinogenes and
      the rapidly-growing M. senegalense strains proved impossible to differentiate
      both from each other and from those produced by strains of Mycobacterium
      fortuitum, indicating a close relationship between all three species. However,
      Nocardia farcinica, previously implicated with the bovine farcy strains, produced
      a different mycobactin which was easily distinguished by thin-layer
      chromatography alone.

PMID- 4045425
TI  - Taxonomic position of lecithinase-negative strains of Clostridium sordellii.
AB  - Eleven out of 43 strains of Clostridium sordellii from clinical sources did not
      produce lecithinase activity and were not toxic to mice. However, these strains
      did belong to the C. sordellii group and could readily be differentiated from C.
      bifermentans and C. difficile on the basis of DNA-DNA homologies, carbohydrate
      fermentation patterns, enzyme activities, GLC analysis of fatty acid fermentation
      products and the electrophoretic analysis of whole cell protein extracts.

PMID- 4045426
TI  - Acholeplasma laidlawii cells acutely and chronically infected with group 1
      acholeplasmavirus.
AB  - Interactions between group 1 acholeplasmaviruses and their host cells were
      studied. Acutely infected, chronically infected and uninfected cultures of
      Acholeplasma laidlawii strain JA1 were compared by their growth in broth and on
      agar, by the sensitivities of the uninfected and chronically infected cells to
      representatives of each of the three groups of acholeplasmaviruses, and by their
      SDS-PAGE polypeptide profiles. Acutely infected cells resembled uninfected cells
      by these criteria, except for the fact that progeny virus was being released. Two
      types of chronically infected cells were found:rapid growers (the same doubling
      time as uninfected cells) and slow growers. The latter resembled uninfected
      cells, except for their slower growth and low-level release of virus, and the
      former was resistant to group 1 viruses and had a unique polypeptide profile.
      These biological characterizations help to establish the non-lytic, non-cytocidal
      cycle of the group 1 acholeplasmaviruses.

PMID- 4045428
TI  - In vitro toxicity of T-2 mycotoxin in mouse lymphoid cells.
AB  - The in vitro toxicity of T-2 toxin towards mouse lymphoid cells prepared from
      spleen, thymus, peritoneal lavage and bone marrow cells was studied. Bone marrow
      cells were more resistant to damage by T-2 toxin than thymus, spleen and
      peritoneal cell preparations.

PMID- 4045427
TI  - Role of silicon in diatom metabolism. Messenger RNA and polypeptide accumulation
      patterns in synchronized cultures of Cylindrotheca fusiformis.
AB  - Patterns of in vitro translation products from isolated mRNA and in vivo
      polypeptide accumulation in synchronized cultures of Cylindrotheca fusiformis
      were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The way in which the
      availability of silicon, the specific cell cycle stage, or the illumination
      conditions affected the pattern of gene expression was distinguished by comparing
      the timing of polypeptide and mRNA accumulation in cultures synchronized by two
      different methods. A rapid and dramatic shift in the relative abundance of in
      vitro translation products from mRNA followed either the removal or the
      readdition of silicate to the media as well as the transition from dark to light.
      Eleven mRNAs appeared to be expressed specifically between mid-S phase and cell
      separation, as their increase was observed at this stage in both synchronies. In
      addition, three mildly acidic polypeptides from the soluble protein fraction of
      C. fusiformis, each representing about 0.05% of the total protein, increased
      several-fold between mid-S and cell separation. Thus, silicon appears to affect
      gene expression both directly and, due to its effect on cell cycle progression,
      indirectly. Both effects are primarily at a level before translation.

PMID- 4045429
TI  - Ectromelia virus-induced changes in primary cultures of mouse hepatocytes.
AB  - Mouse hepatocytes were isolated by collagenase perfusion, maintained in non
      proliferating monolayer culture and shown to retain liver cell function as judged
      by gluconeogenesis for 15 to 18 h. Such cells could be infected with and support
      the replication of a virulent strain of ectromelia virus. Virus antigen and
      characteristic cytoplasmic 'B'-type poxvirus inclusion bodies were demonstrated
      by immunofluorescence in virtually all cells. By electron microscopy it was shown
      that 'B'-type inclusions were the site of virus replication, and that the
      biogenesis of ectromelia virus and ultrastructural changes in hepatocytes were
      similar to those observed in infected mouse livers. Early cell rounding effects,
      a normal characteristic of poxvirus infections in tissue culture cells, were not
      seen in ectromelia-infected hepatocytes, although late degenerative changes did
      occur. Pulse-labelling of hepatocyte cultures with [35S]methionine showed that
      ectromelia virus inhibited the rise in protein synthesis seen in controls and
      imposed a gradual decline in host protein synthesis to an extent and at a rate
      significantly different from that in mouse L929 cells. Gluconeogenesis was
      inhibited by ectromelia virus infection of hepatocytes.

PMID- 4045430
TI  - Mutagen-directed attenuation of Rift Valley fever virus as a method for vaccine
      development.
AB  - Serial mutagenesis with 5-fluorouracil has been employed to derive an attenuated
      strain of Rift Valley fever virus for use as a live virus vaccine.

PMID- 4045431
TI  - Studies by electron microscopy on the assembly of duck hepatitis B virus in the
      liver.
AB  - Liver specimens from 1-day-old ducklings infected in ovo with maternally
      transmitted duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) were examined by electron microscopy.
      Complete and incomplete DHBV particles were located within hypertrophied
      cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocytes. The complete viral
      particles found intracellularly have inner cores with a diameter ranging from 35
      to 37.5 nm and an outer coat or envelope. The whole particle measures
      approximately 45-65 nm in diameter. Naked core particles were located in the
      nuclei, free in the cytoplasm, and also near or on the cisternal membrane of the
      endoplasmic reticulum on the cytoplasmic face. Duck hepatitis B virions appear to
      share morphological characteristics with the viral coat and core of human
      hepatitis B virus (HBV). Electron microscopy suggested that the core particles of
      DHBV migrate from the nucleus into the cytoplasm through the nuclear pores. The
      complete viral particles are probably formed by protrusion of the core particles
      through the endoplasmic reticulum and by simultaneous encapsulation with a coat
      derived from the endoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 4045432
TI  - Recent changes in prevalence pattern of Japanese encephalitis virus in Hyogo
      Prefecture, Japan, using a two-dimensional distribution of IgG and IgM class
      antibody levels in swine sera.
AB  - Surveillance of antibody to Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus in swine sera was
      performed during the epidemic season from July to September, 1978 to 1983, in
      Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Two
      dimensional distribution analyses of ELISA values for IgG and IgM class
      antibodies indicated recent changes in the prevalence pattern. Time courses of
      antibody levels observed from 1978 to 1980 were similar to those in the 1960s of
      major epidemics, indicating a synchronous infection during the second wave of
      infection. In 1982 and 1983, however, the JE prevalence pattern implies an
      incessant infection cycle between vector mosquitoes and pigs during the latter
      half of the epidemic season. The delay of the occurrence of JE in patients
      confirms the longer period of exposure to infectious vectors.

PMID- 4045433
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of enteric adenovirus 41.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for direct detection of enteric
      adenovirus 41 (Ad41) in stool specimens was developed and compared with an Ad40
      specific ELISA described previously [Johansson et al, 1980]. Rabbit antiserum to
      Ad41 was obtained by immunization with purified virions. To eliminate genus
      specific reactivity the serum was passed through an immunosorbent column
      containing soluble adenovirus components of members of subgenera A to E. The anti
      Ad41 serum still displayed high reactivity against Ad40 and had to be
      immunoabsorbed with soluble virus components of Ad40 to be rendered type
      specific. The absorbed antiserum was used in an indirect ELISA and proved to be
      specific for Ad41. No heterotypic reactivity against Ad40 or Ad1 through Ad35 was
      found. The Ad41-specific ELISA proved to be of equal sensitivity to electron
      microscopy. The type-specific ELISAs for Ad40 and Ad41 were evaluated by testing
      76 stool specimens containing enteric adenoviruses originating from England and
      Scandinavia. All specimens could be typed--41 (54%) as Ad40 and 35 (46%) as Ad41.
      These results were confirmed by DNA restriction site analysis. The type-specific
      ELISA proved to be a specific, sensitive, and a rapid technique for detection of
      Ad41 and allowed clear-cut discrimination from Ad40 in clinical specimens.

PMID- 4045434
TI  - Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) in serum of patients with chronic hepatitis B
      detected by a modified radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Serum hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) was investigated in 85 patients with
      chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection using a modified radioimmunoassay
      technique, based on high molarity treatment of samples to avoid masking of the
      antigen by the excess homologous antibody. Eighty-eight percent of HBeAg-positive
      cases and 19% of anti-HBe-positive cases were HBcAg positive in serum, with a
      positive correlation with the presence of HBcAg in the liver. Although the
      sensitivity of the method for the presence of complete virions was not absolute,
      as shown by the comparison with serum HBV-DNA testing, this technique may be
      helpful for assessing virus synthesis in patients with HBV infection.

PMID- 4045435
TI  - Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine.
AB  - A hepatitis B vaccine produced in yeast by recombinant DNA technology was
      evaluated using 5-micrograms and 10-micrograms doses in a randomized trial
      lasting 7 months in 110 male armed forces recruits aged 17-19 years. Results were
      compared to those of an identical trial of a plasma-derived vaccine. No allergic
      reactions were observed, and the rate of mild side effects was similar to the
      plasma-derived vaccine. Seroconversion rates in the first month were 60% (33/55)
      and 67% (37/55) with the 5-micrograms and 10-micrograms doses of the recombinant
      vaccine, respectively. All participants seroconverted by 3 months, and none lost
      antibody. These results are very similar to those for plasma-derived vaccine.
      Comparison of titres of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) showed
      a slightly higher level with the 10-micrograms than with the 5-micrograms dose of
      the recombinant vaccine. Geometric mean titres of anti-HBs after the booster dose
      were similar in the 5-micrograms and 10-micrograms dose recombinant vaccine
      groups (2,620 and 2,748 IU/l, respectively) and in the 5-micrograms plasma
      derived vaccine group (3,591 IU/l) but significantly higher (9,227 IU/l) with the
      10-micrograms dose of the plasma-derived vaccine. These results confirm the
      safety and immunogenicity of the recombinant vaccine, although further study is
      needed on the duration of immunity.

PMID- 4045436
TI  - Determination of human IgG and IgM class antibodies to West Nile virus by enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and used for the
      detection of IgG and IgM antibodies to West Nile virus in human sera. Thirteen
      paired sera of clinical cases and 24 control sera taken randomly from a blood
      bank repository were tested. The sera were reacted in microtiter plates coated
      with PEG-treated WNV antigen. IgG or IgM antibodies were quantitated by the use
      of alkaline-phosphatase-conjugated anti-human IgG or IgM antibodies. Of the 24
      randomly collected serum samples, 7 were positive in the IgG-ELISA test. One
      positive by the IgM-ELISA was found to contain rheumatoid factor. In 12 of 13
      paired sera of clinical cases, IgM as well as IgG antibodies were detected in the
      second serum sample taken about 3 wk after the onset of clinical signs. The IgM
      positive sera were screened for rheumatoid factor (RF) on IgG-coated plates. None
      of them contained RF. Antibody titers obtained by ELISA showed a good correlation
      with titers obtained by hemagglutination inhibition, complement fixation, and
      neutralization tests. The ELISA tests for detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to
      WNV therefore can replace the other serological methods for epidemiological
      surveillance and diagnostic purposes.

PMID- 4045437
TI  - State of hepatitis B virus DNA in leucocytes of hepatitis B patients.
AB  - Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in leucocytes from 50 hepatitis patients with various
      patterns of HBV serological markers and serum HBV DNA and 13 normal controls were
      examined by Southern blot hybridization with 32P-labeled 3.2 Kb HBV DNA. A free
      form of HBV DNA was observed in leucocytes of 8 patients, 7 of whom were positive
      for serum HBeAg, and in 6 patients an integrated form of HBV DNA was identified.
      HBV DNA was not identified in leucocytes from 13 normal controls. The free form
      of HBV DNA in leucocytes existed as a heterogeneous smear from 2.0 to 3.2 Kb,
      similar to the pattern in liver and hepatocellular carcinoma cells but different
      from serum HBV DNA in which the 3.2 Kb band was absent. The banding pattern of
      the integrated form of HBV DNA in leucocytes varied among different patients.
      During preparation of white blood cells and purification of HBV DNA probes, it
      was important to remove plasma contamination and traces of pBR322, respectively.
      The presence of extrachromosomal DNA sequences partially homologous to pBR322
      could cause false results. The presence of a free and integrated form of HBV DNA
      in leucocytes is important for explaining the biology of HBV, the harbouring and
      replication sites of extrahepatic origin, the mechanism of recurrent infection,
      and the rationale of the treatment of hepatitis B.

PMID- 4045438
TI  - Cellular reactivity to respiratory syncytial virus in human colostrum and breast
      milk.
AB  - Colostrum and breast-milk samples were taken from 23 mothers between 2 days and 7
      weeks postpartum and were examined for the presence of cellular reactivity to
      respiratory syncytial (RS) virus using a lymphocyte transformation assay.
      Positive responses were detected in nine of the 23 (39%) samples taken at 2-5
      days postpartum, but this reactivity was undetectable at 3 weeks. Positive
      responses developed in a further three mothers during the 3-7-week period of
      lactation, suggesting a response to virus infection. Colostral whey was found to
      suppress the cellular response to RS virus and inhibition was related to the
      level of specific IgA antibody to RS virus present in the whey. The role of
      colostral cellular reactivity in protection of breast-fed infants from RS virus
      bronchiolitis is discussed.

PMID- 4045439
TI  - Innervation of the limb accessory flexor muscle in several decapod crustaceans.
      II. Electrophysiology.
AB  - The innervation of the distal and proximal heads of the accessory flexor muscle
      in three portunid crabs and two non-portunid decapods was studied
      electrophysiologically. In all species studied, the proximal head received only
      the two previously reported accessory flexor axons, an excitor and an inhibitor.
      The same two axons also innervated the distal head in all species, but in the
      portunids the distal head also received excitation from at least three, and
      probably sometimes four, of the main flexor excitor efferents. The accessory
      inhibitor exerted very strong effects in the tonic muscle fibers found in the
      proximal head and in the most proximal bundle of the distal head. The newly
      described inhibitory and excitatory distributions may have important implications
      for locomotory behavior.

PMID- 4045440
TI  - Morphological and physiological properties of the giant interneuron of the hermit
      crab (Pagurus pollicaris).
AB  - The physiological and morphological properties of the giant interneurons in the
      hermit crab Pagurus pollicaris are described. The cell bodies are located
      anteriorly in the supraesophageal ganglion, close to the mid-line. Each cell
      sends a neurite posteriorly and then laterally, so that they cross over in the
      center of the ganglion. Each axon then branches: one branch runs laterally while
      the other travels posteriorly and leaves the ganglion in the circumesophageal
      connective on the side contralateral to the cell body. The giant axons travel in
      the circumesophageal connectives and through the thoracic and abdominal ganglia
      without branching. Each giant axon makes synaptic contact with its ipsilateral
      giant abdominal flexor motor neuron and with a second flexor motor neuron that
      has its axon in the contralateral third root. In the supraesophageal ganglion
      there is a bidirectional synapse between the two giant interneurons.
      Intracellular recordings from the giant axons show that there is a delay of 0.5
      to 0.75 ms that cannot be accounted for by spike propagation along the axons, and
      may be accounted for by a chemical synapse between the giant interneurons.

PMID- 4045441
TI  - Sustained sensitivity modifications induced by brief length perturbations in the
      crayfish slowly adapting stretch receptor.
AB  - These experiments in the slowly adapting stretch receptor of crayfish test the
      effects of brief length perturbations (i.e., pulses) when presented in isolation
      at different constant elongations or superimposed on trapezoidal stretches of
      different amplitudes. Within "in vivo" lengths, during static responses,
      perturbations reduced firing rates to below control values and, in extreme cases,
      could silence the receptor. This effect, or "down-step," was sustained, occurred
      above a threshold pulse amplitude and background stretch, and increased with both
      stimulus characteristics, but was not present during dynamic responses. Beyond
      "in vivo" lengths, and in a few cases within those limits but close to the
      extremes, the receptor was silent but perturbations could restore activity.
      Lengthening pulses were more effective than shortening ones in generating after
      effects. Perturbations change, during indefinitively long periods, the receptor's
      length or static sensitivity acting as a negative feedback which tends to
      maintain the discharge rate within fixed values. Perturbations disclose marked
      nonlinearities, which suggest that the classical view of a proportional control
      in the reflex loop in which the receptor participates may not operate in natural
      conditions.

PMID- 4045442
TI  - Differential ability of two adult molluscan neurons to regenerate electrical
      synapses.
AB  - The ability of two electrical synapses (neuron L4-R4 and neuron L19-R19) to
      regenerate in the adult Helisoma nervous system was examined. The L4-R4
      electrical connection exhibited rapid restoration to 50% of normal strength,
      whereas L19-R19 reconnection was weak or absent. This disparity is attributable
      to the inability of neuron 19 to sprout effectively across a crush site in the
      buccal commissure, although peripheral sprouting was pronounced. The factors
      which underlie the inability of neuron 19 (but not neuron 4) to sprout into a
      central environment are unknown, but dictate differential synapse restoration in
      this adult nervous system.

PMID- 4045443
TI  - The influence of DNA sequence on terbium (III) fluorescence enhancement by DNA.
AB  - The synthetic DNA duplexes, poly(dA-dC):poly(dG-dT), poly(dG):poly(dC), poly(dG
      dC):poly(dG-dC), and poly(dG-m5dC):poly(dG-m5dC), were analyzed as double- and
      single-strand polymers for the ability to enhance terbium fluorescence. Using
      conditions which limited the enhancement of Tb3+ fluorescence to that from DNA
      guanosines, our results showed that (a) guanosines in single-strand DNA enhanced
      terbium fluorescence equally well irrespective of the primary sequence
      surrounding them, and (b) guanosines in either left- (Z-form) or right- (B-form)
      handed double helixes failed to enhance terbium fluorescence.

PMID- 4045444
TI  - Synthesis and spectroscopic and fungicidal characterization of hydroxamic acids
      and their metal chelates.
AB  - Hydroxamic acid chelates of the type ML2, ML2', and ML2" where M = Cu(II), Ni(II)
      or Co(II) and L = N,2'-diphenylacetohydroxamic acid (N,2'-DPAHA), L' = 2,2'
      diphenylacetohydroxamic acid (2,2'-DPAHA), and L" = 2-phenylacetohydroxamic acid
      (2-PAHA) have been isolated and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis
      and infrared and magnetic data. These metal chelates were screened for their
      fungicidal activity. The testing against fungi has been carried out by slide
      germination technique against Alternaria alternata and by inhibition zone
      technique against Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus flavus. The fungicidal
      activity of chelates and their parent ligand has been compared with the
      commercial fungicide, Dithane M-45, screened under similar conditions.

PMID- 4045445
TI  - Studies of bivalent copper ion binding to poly C.
AB  - Ultraviolet differential spectra of single-stranded poly C, taken in the presence
      of Cu2+ ions, are studied at various ionic strengths and temperatures.
      Coordinational and conformational components of these spectra are obtained. The
      Cu2+ ion coordination site on the polynucleotide bases is found to be N(3) and
      possibly O(2). The direction of the poly C absorption band shift due to ion
      binding and conformational transitions is established. At low ionic strengths of
      the solution Cu2+ ions cause the helical parts of poly C to melt. At high ones
      the formation of double-stranded parts was observed in addition to the above
      effect. The calculated concentration dependences of ion-poly C bases association
      constants show that binding is cooperative at any ionic strength.

PMID- 4045446
TI  - Complexation of the fungal metabolite tenuazonic acid with copper (II), iron
      (III), nickel (II), and magnesium (II) ions.
AB  - Tenuazonic acid (TA) is a phytotoxin produced by a fungal pathogen of rice,
      Pyricularia oryzae. We have synthesized and characterized the metal complexes of
      TA with copper (II), iron (III), nickel (II), and magnesium (II). The
      stoichiometry of the complexes determined by microanalysis and mass spectroscopy
      (D/CI) are Cu(II)TA2, Fe(III)TA3, Ni(II)TA2, and Mg(TA)2. Voltammograms of
      Fe(III)TA3, and Cu(II)TA2 in methanolic solutions confirmed this stoichiometry.
      Ni(II)TA2 paramagnetism and visible absorption data suggest an octahedral
      geometry. Fe(III)TA3 showed a characteristic visible absorption at 450 nm.
      Addition of Fe(III)Cl3 and Mg(II)Cl2 did not reverse the toxicity of NaTA to rice
      and bacterial cells, showing that this toxicity is not due to the privation of
      the cells of these metals essential for cell growth.

PMID- 4045448
TI  - Some studies on the metabolism of labelled molybdenum compounds in cattle.
AB  - An initial experiment showed that [99Mo]di- and trithiomolybdates could be
      detected in bovine plasma after the introduction of [99Mo]molybdate into the
      rumen. It was felt that this justified the use of [99Mo]trithiomolybdate for the
      subsequent studies made of plasma thiomolybdate metabolism in vivo in cattle.
      Rapid intravenous injection of [99Mo]trithiomolybdate into cattle showed that
      doses of 50 mg Mo were subject to extensive hydrolysis over the first few minutes
      postinjection, but at lower dose rates this was reduced so that tracer doses
      (less than 1.5 mg Mo) were relatively stable. The plasma metabolism was
      unaffected by copper status within the limits of the experiments (that is, liver
      copper levels down to 9 mg/kg d.m.) The disappearance of [99Mo] and
      [35S]trithiomolybdate (1 mg Mo) from plasma was delayed for up to 10 hr by the
      immediate preinjection of copper, although no chemical modification of the
      thiomolybdate appeared to occur.

PMID- 4045447
TI  - Solubility of calcium and zinc in model solutions based on bovine and human
      milks.
AB  - The solubility of calcium, magnesium, and zinc in model solutions based on the
      low molecular weight components of bovine and human milks was examined over a pH
      range similar to that found in the human digestive system. Zinc was removed from
      solution in all models as calcium phosphates precipitated. The pH at which
      precipitable calcium phosphates formed was altered by the concentration of
      inorganic phosphate. All calcium and zinc in a model based on human milk remain
      in solution up to pH 6.5 while in a model based on bovine milk they were in
      solution up to pH 5. The use of simple model solutions may provide information
      useful for understanding the different bioavailabilities of minerals from skimmed
      bovine and human milks.

PMID- 4045449
TI  - Trace element uptake in liver cells. 2. Effect of different proteins in the
      medium on the uptake of copper and zinc by hepatoma cells.
AB  - Cultured rat hepatoma cells (HTC-cells) were used to study the uptake of copper
      and zinc from a minimal salt-glucose medium, supplemented with albumin from
      different species or with ovalbumin. Competitive equilibrium dialysis showed that
      at low molar ratios of metal/protein (less than 1) the affinity for copper of
      human and bovine albumin was about equal, but that of dog albumin or ovalbumin
      was much lower. Only a small difference in affinity for zinc could be detected
      between human albumin and ovalbumin. Supplementing the medium with the different
      proteins the rate of copper uptake in the cell at a given molar Cu/protein ratio
      increased as follows: human albumin congruent to bovine albumin less than dog
      albumin less than ovalbumin. When the molar Cu/protein ratio was increased, a
      discontinuity was seen with all three albumin species at a ratio of about 1. In
      contrast, the zinc uptake mimics that of Cu/ovalbumin, and no discontinuity was
      observed using different molar Zn/protein ratios. These results indicate that the
      rate of copper and zinc uptake depends strongly on its affinity for the protein:
      a low affinity leads to a high uptake. The results suggest further that at
      physiologic concentrations zinc is taken up by a mechanism different from that
      for copper.

PMID- 4045450
TI  - A potentiometric and spectroscopic study of the proton and copper(II) complexes
      of methionine enkephalin and some related ligands.
AB  - The results are reported of a potentiometric and spectrophotometric study of the
      proton and copper(II) complexes of methionine enkephalin and four related
      pentapeptides which all show greater biological activity than their parent
      enkephalin. Measurements were carried out at 25 degrees C and I = 0.10 mol dm-3
      (KNO3). All the ligands studied form stable copper(II) complexes comparable to
      those formed by pentaglycine, with the peptide chain locked in a folded
      conformation by NNN or NNNN coordination to the metal ion. There is no indication
      of bonding through the tyrosine-phenolate oxygen atoms or the methionine sulfurs.

PMID- 4045451
TI  - Spectral characterization of vanadium-transferrin systems.
AB  - The preparation procedure of vanadium(III) transferrin and its stability are
      confirmed to be as previously reported. The electronic spectra of vanadium(III),
      oxovanadium(IV), and vanadium(V) transferrin derivatives are comparatively
      discussed. A band in the near infrared of the oxovanadium(IV) derivative is
      observed for the first time.

PMID- 4045452
TI  - Amino acids in rat striatal dialysates: methodological aspects and changes after
      electroconvulsive shock.
AB  - Extracellular levels of amino acids were estimated in dialysates of the rat
      striatum that were collected 1, 2, and/or more than 5 days after surgery, before
      (resting release) and during exposure to high K concentrations (50 mM) or
      electroconvulsive shocks. The resting release of several amino acids (Glu, Asn,
      Thr, Tau, Tyr, Gly, and Ala) was higher 9 days as compared to 1 day after
      surgery. In the 1-day preparation the resting release correlated highly with that
      observed with push-pull cannulas. The correlation with the tissue content of the
      amino acids was high only when they were divided into two groups (putative
      transmitters and metabolic intermediates). High K exposure produced increased
      output of Ala, ethanolamine (Eam), Asp, Glu, Tau, and Gly and a decrease in the
      egress of Gln 1 or 2 days after surgery. The effects on Asp and Glu had
      disappeared, and that on Gln reversed after 4-9 days. Electrically induced
      convulsions produced increased output of Ala, Gln, and Eam 1 or 2 days and 2
      weeks after implantation of the probe. Changes were seen not only during but also
      (and some cases even more prominent) after the seizure. This study shows the
      usefulness of dialysis to monitor extracellular transmitter amino acids in the
      striatum of conscious rats (also bilateral dialysis was possible) for only a
      limited time after implantation of the probe. The dialysis method is suitable for
      longer time, when metabolic changes in amino acids are to be followed. In
      addition to transmitter release, glycolysis can be monitored by the measurement
      of Ala in the dialysate.

PMID- 4045453
TI  - Subcellular distribution and developmental expression of cholesterol ester
      hydrolases in fetal rat brain cultures.
AB  - Cholesterol ester hydrolase activities previously have been identified in brain
      and linked to the production of myelin, which has very low levels of esterified
      cholesterol. We have studied two cholesterol ester hydrolase activities (termed
      the pH 6.0 and pH 7.2 activities) in cultures derived from 19- to 21-day-old
      dissociated fetal rat brains and in developing rat brain. In vivo the levels of
      both the pH 6.0 and pH 7.2 activities began to increase by about 10 postnatal
      days, reached maximal levels at 20 days (20 and 1.5 nmol/h/mg protein,
      respectively), and thereafter remained nearly constant (pH 6.0) or decreased
      somewhat before becoming constant (pH 7.2). In contrast, in the cultures the pH
      6.0 cholesterol ester hydrolase activity was low until 21 days in culture (DIC;
      20 nmol/h/mg protein), increased to a peak activity at 31 DIC (60 nmol/h/mg
      protein), remained high for 24 days, and finally decreased (18 nmol/h/mg protein
      at 63 DIC); the pH 7.2 cholesterol ester hydrolase activity was very low until 20
      DIC, increased to a peak activity at 31 days (3 nmol/h/mg protein), and
      thereafter decreased to a lower level (2 nmol/h/mg protein) that was maintained
      for about 24 days before decreasing (0.7 nmol/h/mg protein at 63 DIC). Therefore,
      the time courses of appearance of both cholesterol ester hydrolase activities
      were delayed by 10-14 days relative to that seen in vivo, and the specific
      activities observed in the cultures were transiently two- to three-fold higher
      than in rat brain, but then declined to levels characteristic of whole brain
      homogenates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045454
TI  - Myelin-associated galactolipids in primary cultures from dissociated fetal rat
      brain: biosynthesis, accumulation, and cell surface expression.
AB  - Galactolipid metabolism was investigated as a function of development in primary
      cultures initiated from 19-21-day-old dissociated fetal rat brain. Significant
      amounts of galactocerebrosides, sulfatides, and monogalactosylglycerides were
      synthesized and accumulated by 8 days in culture. Thereafter the synthetic rates
      and levels of these galactolipids increased rapidly, reaching maximal values
      approximately 22-29 days in culture. Galactolipids containing nonhydroxy or 2
      hydroxy fatty acid were both synthesized at approximately equal rates. The
      initial rates of synthesis, investigated at 15, 29, and 50 days in culture, were
      three- to fivefold higher for galactocerebrosides than for sulfatides and two- to
      threefold higher than for monogalactosylglycerides. The total number of cells
      staining with antisera against galactocerebroside of sulfatide also increased
      very rapidly between 8 and 22 days in culture, reaching levels of 4-5 million
      cells per seeded fetal brain. The amount of galactocerebroside or sulfatide per
      cell stained with the corresponding antiserum increased severalfold from 10 to 27
      days in culture and remained high until at least 36 days in culture (the latest
      time point examined). Thus, the temporal expression of galactolipid accumulation
      in the cell cultures was comparable to that occurring in rat brain, but some
      important quantitative reductions in the levels of accumulation per cell in
      culture were noted. In addition, in contrast to normal brain in which
      galactolipid synthetic rates are reduced after the period of most active
      myelination, in culture both synthesis and turnover of these galactolipids
      remained high, suggestive of a partial arrest in myelin maturation.

PMID- 4045455
TI  - Partial restoration of cerebral myelination of the congenitally hypothyroid mouse
      by parenteral or breast milk administration of thyroxine.
AB  - We attempted to define whether thyroid hormone can ameliorate the cerebral
      hypomyelination present in the congenitally hypothyroid (hyt) neonatal mouse, and
      to define the critical time period during early postnatal life when thyroxine
      (T4) is essential for myelin formation. We administered T4 to the hyt mouse by
      breast milk during the first 20 days of postnatal life, and through the diet
      during the second 20 days of postnatal life. Positive results were obtained only
      when hormone was given during the first 20 days of postnatal life. A distinct
      increase in cerebral 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase activity was
      noted, and brain sections stained for myelin basic protein correlated with the
      biochemical findings. The later administration of hormone through diet was
      ineffective.

PMID- 4045456
TI  - Kinetic constants for blood-brain barrier amino acid transport in conscious rats.
AB  - The kinetic constants for large neutral amino acid (LNAA) transport across the
      blood-brain barrier (BBB) of conscious rats were determined in four brain
      regions: cortex, caudate-putamen, hippocampus, and thalamus-hypothalamus.
      Indwelling external carotid artery catheters allowed for single-bolus (200
      microliters) injections directly into the arterial system of unanesthetized and
      lightly restrained animals. Our results showed lower brain uptake index values
      for conscious rats compared to previous reports for anesthetized animals which
      are consistent with higher rates of cerebral blood flow in the conscious animals.
      Km values were lower in the conscious animals and ranged from 29% to 87% of the
      Km values in pentobarbital-anesthetized animals whereas the KD values were about
      twofold higher in the conscious animals. No apparent regional differences were
      observed. Influx rates were determined which take into consideration flow rates
      and plasma amino acid concentrations. Our results showed an average amino acid
      influx value of 5.2 nmol/min/g, which is 53% higher than the average influx in
      pentobarbital-anesthetized animals. The present results in conscious animals
      regarding the low Km of LNAA transport across the BBB lend further support to the
      importance of fluctuations in plasma amino acid concentrations and LNAA transport
      competitive effects on brain amino acid availability.

PMID- 4045457
TI  - Extraction of glycolytic enzymes: myo-inositol as a marker of membrane porosity.
AB  - Detergent extraction of brain slices and mouse fibroblast 3T3 cells was performed
      to determine rates and relative amounts of extraction of inositol versus the
      glycolytic enzymes. The two detergents, Triton X-100 and Brij 58, led to similar
      results for extraction of myo-inositol. The extraction of enzymes from brain
      slices or cells varied with the detergent. In brain slices, a buffered solution
      containing 0.2% of the detergent Brij 58 led to the extraction of 85% of the
      inositol before 3% of the aldolase or before 37% of either lactate dehydrogenase
      or triose phosphate isomerase was extracted. In contrast, with 0.1% Triton X-100
      in isotonic phosphate-buffered saline, when 70% of the inositol was extracted,
      33% of the aldolase and 48% of the triose phosphate isomerase were extracted.
      Lesser amounts of aldolase and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase were
      extracted than most of the other glycolytic enzymes under all conditions,
      implying that these enzymes may be interacting with non-extractable subcellular
      components. In 3T3 cells, both detergents were of similar effectiveness for
      inositol extraction. Triton X-100 caused 89% of the inositol to be released and
      Brij 58 caused 84% to be released. With the enzymes, Brij 58 caused between 15
      and 38% extraction and Triton X-100 caused between 61 and 85% extraction of the
      different glycolytic enzymes. Thus Brij 58 was as effective as Triton X-100 in
      inositol extraction but not nearly as effective in glycolytic enzyme extraction.
      The results demonstrate that inositol leakage from tissues or cells is a better
      indicator of detergent-mediated alterations in membrane porosity than glycolytic
      enzyme leakage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045458
TI  - Biogenesis of chromaffin granules: incorporation of sulfate into chromogranin B
      and into a proteoglycan.
AB  - The incorporation of [35S]sulfate into the soluble proteins of chromaffin
      granules was studied. Isolated bovine chromaffin cells were pulse-labeled with
      [35S]sulfate. The radioactively labeled products were characterized by one- and
      two-dimensional electrophoresis. Three proteins of chromaffin granules were
      preferentially labeled. One was identified by immunoprecipitation as chromogranin
      B (Mr 100,000). This result explains why during cellular synthesis the
      chromogranin B precursor is converted into a significantly more acidic protein.
      During chase periods, the newly synthesized chromogranin B was progressively
      degraded by endogenous proteases. A second labeled protein, much less labeled
      than chromogranin B, was identified as chromogranin A. The largest portion of the
      radioactive label was found in a heterogeneous component (Mr 86,000-100,000; pI
      4.3-5.0). Digestion experiments with chondroitinase ABC demonstrated that this
      labeled component and a comigrating Coomassie Blue-stained spot were selectively
      degraded by this enzyme. This establishes that this component is a proteoglycan.

PMID- 4045459
TI  - Solubilization of membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase by a phosphatidylinositol
      specific phospholipase C.
AB  - Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PIPLC) quantitatively solubilizes
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from purified synaptic plasma membranes and intact
      synaptosomes of Torpedo ocellata electric organ. The solubilized AChE migrates as
      a single peak of sedimentation coefficient 7.0S upon sucrose gradient
      centrifugation, corresponding to a subunit dimer. The catalytic subunit
      polypeptide of AChE is the only polypeptide detectably solubilized by PIPLC. This
      selective removal of AChE does not affect the amount of acetylcholine released
      from intact synaptosomes upon K+ depolarization. PIPLC also quantitatively
      solubilizes AChE from the surface of intact bovine and rat erythrocytes, but only
      partially solubilizes AChE from human and mouse erythrocytes. The AChE released
      from rat and human erythrocytes by PIPLC migrates as a approximately 7S species
      on sucrose gradients, corresponding to a catalytic subunit dimer. PIPLC does not
      solubilize particulate AChE from any of the brain regions examined of four
      mammalian species. Several other phospholipases tested, including a nonspecific
      phospholipase C from Clostridium welchii, fail to solubilize AChE from Torpedo
      synaptic plasma membranes, rat erythrocytes, or rat striatum.

PMID- 4045460
TI  - Novel opioid peptide amidorphin: characterization and distribution of amidorphin
      like immunoreactivity in bovine, ovine, and porcine brain, pituitary, and adrenal
      medulla.
AB  - We have recently isolated from bovine adrenal medulla a novel C-terminally
      amidated opioid peptide, amidorphin, which derives from proenkephalin A.
      Amidorphin revealed a widespread distribution in bovine, ovine, and porcine
      tissue. Particularly high concentrations of amidorphin immunoreactivity were
      detected in adrenal medulla, posterior pituitary, and striatum, similar to the
      major gene products of proenkephalin A. In the adrenal medulla of each species,
      authentic amidorphin was the predominant immunoreactive form. Pituitary and
      brain, however, contained predominantly putative N-terminally shortened fragments
      of amidorphin of a slightly lower molecular weight and shorter retention times on
      HPLC. In addition, in ovine adrenal medulla, a putative high-molecular-weight
      form of amidorphin was detected. These findings are indicative of a tissue
      specific processing of the proenkephalin A precursor, leading predominantly to
      authentic amidorphin in the adrenal medulla and further processing to smaller C
      terminal fragments in the brain and pituitary.

PMID- 4045461
TI  - Differential effects of lithium on muscarinic receptor stimulation of inositol
      phosphates in rat cerebral cortex slices.
AB  - The accumulation of labelled inositol mono-, bis-, and trisphosphate in rat
      cerebral cortex slices was examined following preincubation with [3H]inositol.
      The muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol produced a rapid and sustained
      increased accumulation of each labelled inositol phosphate both in the presence
      and absence of 5 mM lithium. Lithium potentiated carbachol-stimulated
      accumulation of inositol monophosphate (EC50 0.5 mM) and inositol bisphosphate
      (EC50 4 mM) in a concentration-dependent manner. However, exposure to lithium in
      the presence of the muscarinic agonist produced a concentration- and time
      dependent inhibition of inositol trisphosphate accumulation that was not related
      to receptor desensitisation. Although the present data do suggest that
      polyphosphoinositides are substrates for agonist-stimulated phospholipase C in
      brain, these results may not be entirely consistent with the production of
      inositol mono- and bisphosphate through inositol trisphosphate dephosphorylation.
      Furthermore, these data suggest site(s) additional to inositol monophosphatase
      that are affected by lithium.

PMID- 4045462
TI  - Molecular properties of a cholinergic differentiation factor from muscle
      conditioned medium.
AB  - Conditioned medium by a variety of rat non-neuronal cells contains a protein
      involved in the differentiation of cholinergic neurons in cultures prepared from
      newborn rat superior cervical ganglion, from nodose ganglion, and from embryonic
      spinal cord. We have determined some hydrodynamic properties of this factor using
      as a bioassay the increase in choline acetyltransferase activity in sympathetic
      neurons grown for 12-15 days in the presence of the factor. The Stokes' radius,
      measured by molecular sieving chromatography on an Ultrogel AcA 44 column, was
      similar to that of ovalbumin (27.6 A). By analysis on 5-20% linear sucrose
      gradients made in H2O and D2O, we determined the partial specific volume (0.68 ml
      X g-1 and the sedimentation coefficient (2.1S). These data allowed the
      calculation of the molecular weight (21,000) and the frictional ratio f/fo
      (1.56). The elution pattern of the factor from a SynChropak CM 300 HPLC cation
      exchange column suggested that it was a basic protein. The activity of this
      factor was unaffected by heat treatment at 100 degrees C for 10 min.

PMID- 4045463
TI  - Uptake and release of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the guinea pig cochlear nucleus
      after axotomy of cochlear and centrifugal fibers.
AB  - This study attempts to determine if gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) may be a
      transmitter of cochlear nerve fibers projecting from the cochlea to the cochlear
      nucleus, and of centrifugal fibers projecting to the cochlear nucleus via the
      trapezoid body and the acoustic striae of the medulla. The uptake and the
      electrically evoked release of exogenous [14C]GABA were measured, in vitro, in
      the three major subdivisions of the guinea pig cochlear nucleus; the
      anteroventral, posteroventral, and dorsal cochlear nuclei. These activities were
      compared using unlesioned animals, animals with bilateral cochlear ablations, and
      animals whose trapezoid body and acoustic striae were interrupted on the right
      side of the medulla. Subdivisions from unlesioned animals took up [14C]GABA,
      achieving concentrations in the tissues that were 11-19 times that in the medium.
      Electrical stimulation evoked a Ca2+-dependent release of [14C]GABA from each
      subdivision. Bilateral cochlear ablation, which presumably destroyed the cochlear
      nerve fibers, had no effect on [14C]GABA uptake and release. Section of the
      trapezoid body and the acoustic striae on the right side of the medulla typically
      severed all known connections of the right posteroventral and dorsal cochlear
      nuclei with the rest of the brain, but left intact many connections involved with
      the right anteroventral cochlear nucleus. This lesion partially depressed
      [14C]GABA uptake and release in the right posteroventral and dorsal cochlear
      nuclei, but not in the right anteroventral cochlear nucleus. These findings
      suggest that one or more of the centrifugal tracts projecting to the cochlear
      nucleus may be GABAergic, 88% or more of the cochlear nerve fibers probably are
      not GABAergic, and some neurons of the cochlear nucleus are probably GABAergic.

PMID- 4045464
TI  - Changes in in vitro brain and spinal cord protein phosphorylation after a single
      oral administration of tri-o-cresyl phosphate to hens.
AB  - The effect of a single oral 750 mg/kg dose of tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) on
      the endogenous phosphorylation of brain and spinal cord proteins was assessed in
      hens during the development of and recovery from delayed neurotoxicity. Crude
      membrane and cytosolic fractions were prepared from the brains and spinal cords
      of control and TOCP-treated hens at 1, 7, 14, 21, 35, and 55 days after
      treatment. Brain and spinal cord protein phosphorylation with [gamma-32P]ATP was
      analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE),
      autoradiography, and microdensitometry. TOCP administration conferred calcium and
      calmodulin dependence on the phosphorylation of a few brain cytosolic proteins
      and caused an increase in the phosphorylation of a number of other cytosolic and
      membrane proteins. This effect of TOCP was large in magnitude, and its time
      course reflected the onset of and recovery from the signs of ataxia and paralysis
      associated with delayed neurotoxicity in the hen. The molecular weights (Mr) and
      maximal phosphorylation (percent of control) for the most prominently affected
      bands were as follows: brain cytosol--50K (183%), 55K (575%), 60K (529%), 65K
      (273%), and 70K (548%); brain membranes--50K (622%) and 60K (697%); and spinal
      cord cytosol--20K (182%). The role of endogenous phosphorylation reactions in and
      their potential usefulness as biochemical indicators of delayed neurotoxicity are
      being explored further.

PMID- 4045465
TI  - Synaptosomal phospholipase D potential role in providing choline for
      acetylcholine synthesis.
AB  - The phospholipase D of the rat brain synaptic membrane possesses the highest
      activity of this enzyme of any mammalian tissue examined. The synaptic
      phospholipase D activity is latent and barely detectable in the absence of 4 mM
      sodium oleate. Several other fatty acids were either less effective or
      ineffective as stimulators of activity compared to this monounsaturated fatty
      acid. The activity was decreased by hemicholinium-3, an inhibitor of choline
      uptake and slightly activated by neostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
      Incubation of synaptosomes in the presence of sodium oleate and acetyl-coenzyme A
      resulted in the formation of a product chromatographing with acetylcholine.
      Acetylcholine formation was nearly undetectable in the absence of sodium oleate
      or acetyl-coenzyme A. These results implicate synaptosomal phospholipase D in
      releasing choline from phosphatidylcholine for acetylcholine formation.

PMID- 4045466
TI  - A biochemical explanation of phenyl acetate neurotoxicity in experimental
      phenylketonuria.
AB  - The in vivo formation of [1-14C]acetyl-coenzyme A from D-[3-14C]3-hydroxybutyrate
      in the brain of the suckling rat was not affected by postnatal exposure to phenyl
      acetate. However, utilization of the generated acetyl-coenzyme A was
      significantly inhibited in certain metabolic reactions, namely synthesis of fatty
      acids and of sterols, but not in others as the Krebs cycle reactions that lead to
      the production of dicarboxylic amino acids. The incorporation of D-[U
      14C]glucosamine into N-acetylneuraminic acid bound to glycoproteins was
      appreciably diminished in the rat pup previously exposed to maternal
      phenylketonuria induced by phenyl acetate. During the period of very rapid
      development of the brain, interference by phenyl acetate and/or its metabolites
      with certain critical biosynthetic pathways that require acetyl-coenzyme A would
      significantly contribute to retarded maturation of the brain that occurs in
      phenylketonuria.

PMID- 4045467
TI  - Calmodulin-dependent protein phosphorylation in synaptic junctions.
AB  - Synaptic junctions (SJs) from rat forebrain were examined for Ca2+/calmodulin
      (CaM)-dependent kinase activity and compared to synaptic plasma membrane (SPM)
      and postsynaptic density (PSD) fractions. The kinase activity in synaptic
      fractions was examined for its capacity to phosphorylate endogenous proteins or
      exogenous synapsin I, in the presence or absence of Ca2+ plus CaM. When assayed
      for endogenous protein phosphorylation, SJs contained approximately 25-fold
      greater amounts of Ca2+/CAM-dependent kinase activity than SPMs, and fivefold
      more activity than PSDs. When kinase activities were measured by phosphorylation
      of exogenous synapsin I, SJs contained fourfold more activity than SPMs, and 10
      fold more than PSDs. The phosphorylation of SJ proteins of 60- and 50-kilodalton
      (major PSD protein) polypeptides were greatly stimulated by Ca2+/CaM; levels of
      phosphorylation for these proteins were 23- and 17-fold greater than basal
      levels, respectively. Six additional proteins whose phosphorylation was
      stimulated 6-15-fold by Ca2+/CAM were identified in SJs. These proteins include
      synapsin I, and proteins of 240, 207, 170, 140, and 54 kilodaltons. The 54
      kilodalton protein is a highly phosphorylated form of the major PSD protein and
      the 170-kilodalton component is a cell-surface glycoprotein of the postsynaptic
      membrane that binds concanavalin A. The CaM-dependent kinase in SJ fractions
      phosphorylated endogenous phosphoproteins at serine and/or threonine residues.
      Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation in SJ fractions was strictly dependent on
      exogenous CaM, even though SJs contained substantial amounts of endogenous CaM
      (15 micrograms CaM/mg SJ protein). Exogenous CaM, after being functionally
      incorporated into SJs, was rapidly removed by sequential washings. These
      observations suggest that the SJ-associated CaM involved in regulating Ca2+
      dependent protein phosphorylation may be in dynamic equilibrium with the
      cytoplasm. These findings indicate that a brain CaM-dependent kinase(s) and
      substrate proteins are concentrated at SJs and that CaM-dependent protein
      phosphorylation may play an important role in mechanisms that underlie synaptic
      communication.

PMID- 4045468
TI  - Synthesis of a stress protein following transient ischemia in the gerbil.
AB  - In vitro translation products of gerbil brain preparations, obtained from animals
      killed during recirculation following transient ischemia, showed increased
      synthesis of a 70-kilodalton stress protein, identified by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis. Stimulation of stress protein synthesis was evident as early as
      2 h after recirculation, at which time overall translation activity remained low.
      Expression of the 70-kilodalton protein reached a maximum at 8 h recirculation,
      when incorporation into other translation products had returned to essentially
      control levels. Increased incorporation into the stress protein was still
      detectable after 24 h recirculation. Although the functional consequences of
      increased expression of this stress protein remain unknown, these results suggest
      that the gerbil ischemia model may provide a useful experimental system in which
      to study the involvement of this phenomenon in processes related to postischemic
      cell damage and recovery.

PMID- 4045469
TI  - A simple, sensitive, and economic assay for choline and acetylcholine using HPLC,
      an enzyme reactor, and an electrochemical detector.
AB  - A simple, efficient, economic, and sensitive method is presented for the
      detection of choline and acetylcholine in neuronal tissue using HPLC, a
      postcolumn enzyme reactor with immobilized enzyme, and electrochemical detection.
      The method is based on a separation of choline and acetylcholine by cation
      exchange HPLC followed by passage of the effluent through a postcolumn reactor
      containing a mixture of acetylcholinesterase and choline oxidase; the latter
      enzyme converts choline to betaine and hydrogen peroxide, the former enzyme
      hydrolyzes acetylcholine to acetate and choline. The hydrogen peroxide produced
      is electrochemically detected. A simple and efficient preparation of neuronal
      tissue is described using an optional prepurification step on Sephadex G-10
      columns, offering the possibility to detect choline and acetylcholine as well as
      catecholamines and their related metabolites in the same tissue sample. The
      sensitivity of the assay system is 250 fmol for choline and 500 fmol for
      acetylcholine.

PMID- 4045470
TI  - N-Acetylation of L-aspartate in the nervous system: differential distribution of
      a specific enzyme.
AB  - L-Aspartate N-acetyltransferase, a nervous system enzyme that mediates the
      synthesis of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid, has been characterized. In the presence of
      acetyl-CoA, L-aspartate was acetylated 10-fold more efficiently than L-glutamate,
      and the acetylation of aspartylglutamate was not detectable. Within the nervous
      system, a 10-fold variation in the enzyme activity was observed, with the
      brainstem and spinal cord exhibiting the highest activity (10-15 pmol/min/mg
      tissue) and retina the lowest detectable activity (1-1.5 pmol/min/mg). No enzyme
      activity was detected in pituitary, heart, liver, or kidney. The enzyme activity
      was found to be membrane-associated and was solubilized by treatment with Triton
      X-100.

PMID- 4045471
TI  - Chemistry of acronycine. VIII. Selective synthesis of dimers and trimers of
      noracronycine and related compounds.
AB  - Improved synthetic procedures for the formation of a number of dimeric
      derivatives of noracronycine (2) are described based on acid-catalyzed reactions
      in methanolic HCl or methanolic H2SO4. A detailed analysis of their high-field
      proton nmr spectral characteristics is presented. The synthesis and structure
      determination of a new trimer of noracronycine (2) possessing the linear-angular
      angular structure (15) is described.

PMID- 4045472
TI  - Chemistry of acronycine. IX. Formation of dimers of noracronycine--mechanistic
      studies.
AB  - The mechanisms of two acid-mediated coupling reactions of noracronycine (2) have
      been studied using deuterium-labeled acids. Dimerization of noracronycine (2)
      using D2SO4 afforded AB-1-d4 (8), whereas coupling 2 and dihydronoracronycine (3)
      in 10N DCl/MeOD (1:2.5) afforded dihydro AB-2-d8 (15). In addition, in the
      dimerization reaction of 2 using D2SO4-CH3OD (1:1) followed by dilution with D2O,
      AB-1-d16 (19) was obtained instead of 8. Initial protonation at the C2 position
      of noracronycine (2) was verified during these studies.

PMID- 4045473
TI  - A direct method for assignment of absolute configurations in crown gall
      metabolites: the structure of nopaline.
AB  - The absolute configurations of the crown gall tumor metabolite nopaline (1a) have
      been determined by a direct degradative method. Oxidation of nopaline with KMnO4
      afforded (S)-arginine and (R)-glutamic acid. Separation of these two amino acids
      was accomplished easily and simultaneously with determination of chirality by
      chromatography on a reverse-phase column eluted with chiral eluent. The present
      technique can easily determine absolute configurations on submilligram
      quantities. In contrast, an attempted determination of absolute configuration by
      synthesis from (S)-arginine and chiral 2-chloropentanedioic acid was
      unsuccessful.

PMID- 4045474
TI  - Isolation and structure elucidation of fecapentaenes-12, potent mutagens from
      human feces.

PMID- 4045475
TI  - Molecular structure of guayulin A.

PMID- 4045476
TI  - Studies on Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum, IV. Isolation of three p
      hydroxystyrene glycosides and an efficient method for the isolation of
      ptaquiloside, an unstable bracken carcinogen.

PMID- 4045477
TI  - Studies in the Thymelaeaceae. III. Constituents of Gyrinops walla.

PMID- 4045479
TI  - Multiple sclerosis in research workers studying swayback in lambs: an updated
      report.
AB  - Four out of seven research workers into swayback disease, a neurological disease
      of lambs, developed symptoms and signs of multiple sclerosis, and were reported
      in 1947. A further worker later joined the group. All of the original seven have
      died and two at necropsy had multiple areas of demyelination in the brain and
      spinal cord. The chance of four or more out of a random group of eight men
      developing multiple sclerosis is about one in a thousand million. Multiple
      sclerosis has not occurred in other workers on swayback disease elsewhere.

PMID- 4045478
TI  - Cryptococcal meningitis.
AB  - Cryptococcosis is a systemic fungal disease and meningitis is the most serious
      complication. The purpose of this study is to define problems related to its
      diagnosis and treatment. This is a retrospective analysis of 25 patients admitted
      from January 1978 to December 1981. All patients had cryptococcal neoformans
      meningitis proven by culture of cerebrospinal fluid. One patient had a
      predisposing illness, being on immunosuppressant therapy after a renal transplant
      2 years ago. A progressively severe headache of recent onset was the most
      striking presentation. Fever was frequently absent as a symptom. Cranial nerve
      palsies were commonly seen. Impairment of consciousness and areflexia signified a
      poor prognosis as all four patients who died early in the course of treatment
      were comatose and two of them were areflexic on admission. In newly suspected
      cases at least 3 separate lumbar punctures are recommended as initial smears or
      cultures may be negative. Cerebral CT scans were abnormal in 12 patients and
      those with cerebral oedema or hydrocephalus had a poorer prognosis. Combined
      amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine therapy was the treatment of choice. If there
      is no relapse 3 years after completion of treatment, patients are considered as
      cured. Positive smears may remain for years after completion of treatment and
      retreatment is only indicated if the cultures are positive. Twenty patients are
      alive today and none of them have relapsed. One patient had vasculitis of both
      anterior cerebral arteries as a result of cryptococcal meningitis.

PMID- 4045480
TI  - Appearing and disappearing CT scan abnormalities and seizures.
AB  - A group of patients presenting with seizures (focal or generalised) and abnormal
      CT scans who, on follow up, showed complete resolution of the CT scan changes,
      without any treatment other than anticonvulsants, are described.

PMID- 4045481
TI  - Three months after severe head injury: psychiatric and social impact on
      relatives.
AB  - Female relatives of defined groups of consecutive male minor and severe head
      injury victims were seen at home 3 months after the injury. The relatives of the
      severely injured suffered significant psychiatric morbidity compared to the minor
      head injury relatives. They also showed poorer functioning in social roles
      associated with the home. There was no difference in the vulnerability of either
      wives or mothers of the head injury victims. It is argued that there is a need
      for support for the relatives of those who have suffered severe brain injury.

PMID- 4045483
TI  - The rigid spine syndrome--a myopathy of uncertain nosological position.
AB  - Four patients meeting the clinical criteria of the rigid spine syndrome are
      presented; they are one girl with a positive family history and three boys.
      Clinical and histological findings are discussed in relation to the 14 cases of
      rigid spine syndrome reported in the literature. The delineations of the syndrome
      from other benign myopathies with early contractures are discussed suggesting
      that the rigid spine syndrome probably does not represent a single nosological
      entity.

PMID- 4045482
TI  - Patient outcome in the year following severe head injury and relatives'
      psychiatric and social functioning.
AB  - Fifty-seven consecutive severe male head injury patients together with a defined
      female relative were assessed at home 3, 6 and 12 months after injury in order to
      measure the psychiatric and social impact of the injury on the relative.
      Relatives were found to have significant and persistent psychiatric and social
      dysfunction and they considered themselves to have a high burden in caring for
      the relative throughout the year. No particular relationship was found to be the
      more vulnerable. The most frequent predictor of the relatives' psychiatric and
      social status was the level of symptomatic complaints voiced by the patients. The
      findings suggest the need for comprehensive rehabilitation of head injury
      patients and their relatives.

PMID- 4045484
TI  - Mortality and stroke after amaurosis fugax.
AB  - One hundred and ten patients who had presented with amaurosis fugax and were
      treated medically were studied retrospectively. Follow up from the time of
      presentation was six to nineteen years with a median of eight years. The
      mortality and frequency of strokes in this group was compared with populations
      matched for age and sex. Life expectancy in patients with amaurosis fugax was
      reduced. Ischaemic heart disease was the most frequent cause of death and
      occurred at a greater rate than in the general population (p less than 0.01). The
      indicence of stroke was higher than in the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project
      1981-1983 (p less than 0.01). Comparing our results to those published for
      cerebral transient ischaemic attacks, patients with amaurosis fugax have a
      similar mortality rate but probably have a lower incidence of stroke. Patients
      with amaurosis fugax who have an occluded or narrowed proximal internal carotid
      artery have a greater risk of subsequent stroke than those with a normal carotid
      artery, or an arteriogram (p less than 0.01).

PMID- 4045485
TI  - Sensory involvement in motor neuron disease: further evidence from automated
      thermal threshold determination.
AB  - Thermal thresholds were determined in 40 patients with motor neuron disease and
      in 40 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. The thermal thresholds were
      estimated on the skin of wrist and ankle using an automated microprocessor
      controlled system and the "two alternative forced-choice method" of
      psycholphysical analysis. Abnormalities of thermal thresholds (greater than or
      equal to 99th percentile) were seen in 80% of the motor neuron disease patients.
      The results are in agreement with reports of sensory pathway involvement in the
      literature. Thermal threshold abnormalities are common in motor neuron disease
      and indicate the involvement of the small fibre afferent pathways.

PMID- 4045486
TI  - Clinical evaluation of 4-channel ambulatory EEG monitoring in the management of
      patients with epilepsy.
AB  - The role of 4-channel EEG taped monitoring in the management of patients with
      severe epilepsy has been evaluated, by examining the recordings from 100
      consecutive patients referred for monitoring. Six main reasons for referral have
      been identified and in 80% of subjects the relevant clinical event was recorded,
      leading directly to a change in treatment in 57% of cases. This technique has
      proved to be cost effective and reliable and is particularly valuable in the
      identification of pseudo seizures.

PMID- 4045487
TI  - Familial syringomyelia.
AB  - A woman with syringobulbia and syringomyelia and her sister with syringomyelia
      are described. The diagnosis was confirmed radiologically and surgically in the
      first sister and no other definite abnormalities of her craniocervical junction
      were found.

PMID- 4045488
TI  - The Marin-Amat syndrome: an unusual facial synkinesia.
AB  - Three cases of facial nerve palsy with abnormal synkinetic movement manifesting
      with eye closure on jaw opening (Marin-Amat Syndrome) are described. The eye
      closure occurred only with wide jaw opening and it is felt that the disorder
      represents aberrant regeneration within the facial nerve with proprioceptive
      impulses associated with muscle stretch acting as the trigger. Though the
      movement is the exact opposite of what happens in the Marcus-Gunn phenomenon it
      is suggested that the term inverse Marcus-Gunn phenomenon be reserved for a
      congenital lesion with a different pathogenesis.

PMID- 4045489
TI  - Pachymeningitis cranialis hypertrophica.
AB  - A case of pachymeningitis cranialis hypertrophica is described and the CT
      appearances are presented. The likely cause was syphilis, though sarcoidosis and
      tuberculosis were not completely excluded.

PMID- 4045490
TI  - Giant cell arteritis with spinal cord infarction and basilar artery thrombosis.
AB  - A patient with active giant cell arteritis developed paraparesis and dissociated
      sensory loss due to infarction in the anterior spinal artery territory at the
      level of T12. Three days later fatal basilar artery thrombosis occurred. No
      occlusive lesion was found to explain the anterior spinal artery syndrome but
      this was associated with active arteritis. Alternative possibilities are that
      thrombus was present in involved cervical feeding vessels, or that emboli arose
      from intimal involvement in larger vessels, or that the event was related to
      thrombocytosis.

PMID- 4045492
TI  - Midbrain locked-in state with oculomotor subnucleus lesion.

PMID- 4045491
TI  - A case of granulomatous hypophysitis with hypopituitarism and minimal pituitary
      enlargement.
AB  - A case of hypopituitarism and minimal sellar enlargement was found at
      hypophysectomy to have a giant cell granuloma of the pituitary. The clinical and
      histopathological features of this rare entity are reviewed. It is proposed that
      hypopituitarism which is out of proportion to minimal sellar enlargement may be a
      suggestive clue to the preoperative diagnosis of giant cell granulous which
      normally simulates a pituitary tumour.

PMID- 4045493
TI  - Fluid chronic epidural haematoma: a rare complication of ventriculo-peritoneal
      shunt.

PMID- 4045494
TI  - Transient global amnesia after whiplash trauma.

PMID- 4045495
TI  - Isoniazid and action tremor in multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 4045496
TI  - Blood acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterases in senile dementia of Alzheimer type.
AB  - The major neurochemical abnormality described to date in senile dementia of the
      Alzheimer type (SDAT) is a central cholinergic deficit. To determine whether this
      central deficit is reflected by changes in the levels of blood cholinesterases,
      plasma and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and plasma
      butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), were measured in SDAT and other psychiatric
      disorders. Plasma AChE, which has only recently been described in human blood,
      was significantly elevated (P less than 0.01) in the SDAT group compared with the
      control and other clinical groups investigated. In contrast there were no
      significant differences in the activities of either erythrocyte AChE or plasma
      BChE between any of the clinical groups. Although the source of plasma AChE is
      unknown the possibility that some portion originates from the central nervous
      system and that the elevated AChE levels in SDAT reflect increased release from
      degenerating cholinergic neurons is discussed.

PMID- 4045497
TI  - Enzymatic analysis of individual posterior root ganglion cells in
      olivopontocerebellar atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy.
AB  - Four enzyme activities related to glucose metabolism, i.e. those of glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH; EC 1.1.1.49), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH; EC
      1.1.1.27), pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) and citrate synthase (CS; EC
      4.1.3.7) were estimated in posterior root ganglion cells (PRGCs) of the spinal
      cord in patients suffering from olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA), amyotrophic
      lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) by means of the
      NAD, NADP and CoA cycling methods. In ALS and DMD, the enzyme activities examined
      were within normal ranges. In OPCA, PDC activity was significantly reduced and
      LDH activity tended to be lower than that in controls.

PMID- 4045498
TI  - The correlation between biochemical and histopathological findings in
      adrenoleukodystrophy.
AB  - Nine areas of the brain from a case of adrenoleukodystrophy were examined
      histopathologically and by gas chromatography for fatty acid content. The main
      findings were: (1) the degree of demyelination was related to the pentacosanoic
      and hexacosanoic to docosanoic acid ratios (C25:0/C22:0 and C26:0/C22:0); gliosis
      was related to the ratios of several fatty acids to docosanoic acid; (2) there
      was a shift towards smaller components (C22:0, C23:0, C24:0) of the saturated
      fatty acid series in the less affected areas, to larger components and various
      minor components in regions of active demyelination; (3) mainly saturated fatty
      acids of the middle class components (C24:0, C25:0 and C26:0) were found in
      severely affected areas where the active process is complete. Because a region of
      high long chain fatty acid content, lacking histopathological change, was
      detected, the hypothesis is presented that the primary event in childhood ALD is
      related to defective lipid metabolism and that this preceeds demyelination.

PMID- 4045499
TI  - Prevalence and pattern of multiple sclerosis in Benghazi, north-eastern Libya.
AB  - A search for Libyan patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) was made in Benghazi,
      located on the southern Mediterranean coast at a latitude of 32 degrees N. Twenty
      one clinically definite and probable cases were detected during the period July
      1982-June 1984. On the basis of 2 probable incidental cases, the incidence for
      1983 was 0.8 per 100 000 of the population at risk (10-50 years). On July 1st,
      1984, the rough prevalence rate for the total population was 4 per 100 000 and
      the age-adjusted prevalence rate was 5.9 per 100 000. This study suggests that
      Benghazi falls within the medium frequency band for MS. High prevalence of
      brainstem involvement and cerebellar dysfunction and infrequent occurrence of the
      severe optic-spinal form and sphincter disturbance indicates that the present
      group of patients resembles Western pattern of MS as opposed to Asian MS.

PMID- 4045500
TI  - Posterior tibial and sural nerve somatosensory evoked potentials in dystrophia
      myotonica.
AB  - Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded in a group of 18 patients
      with dystrophia myotonica and in 28 control subjects after stimulating the right
      and left posterior tibial (SEP-PT) and sural (SEP-S) nerves at the ankles.
      Recording electrodes were placed in the popliteal fossae, overlying the L3 spinal
      vertebrae, and at the appropriate scalp sites. In all control subjects and
      dystrophia myotonica subjects SEP-PT latencies were shorter than equivalent SEP-S
      latencies, probably reflecting conduction along group I muscle afferents and
      along slower conducting cutaneous afferents, respectively. Intergroup comparisons
      revealed prolonged absolute and interpeak latencies in the dystrophia myotonica
      group, showing both peripheral and central somatosensory pathway involvement.
      Individual abnormal latencies which exceeded the control group mean plus 3
      standard deviations were found in 66% of the dystrophia myotonica group, mainly
      due to prolonged peripheral conduction times. Results pointed to the concomitant
      involvement of both the posterior tibial and sural nerve somatosensory pathways
      in dystrophia myotonica.

PMID- 4045501
TI  - The effect of oral corticosteroid dosage on CT enhancing multiple sclerosis
      plaques.
AB  - Fifty high-dose delayed CT scans were performed on 36 patients with definite MS
      within 4 months of a clinical relapse. The number of enhancing lesions visualized
      was compared in patients being treated with high- or low-dose oral
      corticosteroids and untreated controls. High-dose oral corticosteroid treatment
      significantly but incompletely reduced enhancement of MS plaques. Lower doses
      were less effective, especially when the latter were given on alternate days.

PMID- 4045502
TI  - CSF in Alzheimer's disease. Studies on blood-brain barrier function and
      intrathecal protein synthesis.
AB  - Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 22 ambulatory and 10 institutionalised
      patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 22 age-matched controls were assayed
      nephelometrically for concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM, haptoglobin, transferrin,
      prealbumin and albumin. The CSF/serum ratio and index were calculated for each
      protein. In the CSF of ambulatory patients IgG, transferrin and albumin were
      elevated while the institutionalised patients had higher IgG and IgA levels
      compared to the controls. The CSF haptoglobin was elevated in institutionalised
      AD patients compared to those who were ambulatory. The CSF/serum ratio for
      albumin was elevated in both groups. An increase in the IgG ratio was also found
      in both groups. The ratios for haptoglobin and prealbumin were markedly increased
      in the institutionalised patients. CSF indices gave no evidence for increased
      intrathecal synthesis of any of the proteins investigated. The increased
      CSF/serum ratios for IgG and albumin and also the higher CSF albumin in patients
      with AD suggest an increased blood-brain barrier permeability in this disease.
      The high prealbumin ratio may be related to amyloidogenesis often present in AD.

PMID- 4045503
TI  - Activity-dependent deformations of presynaptic grids at central synapses.
AB  - In the CNS, the exocytosis which accompanies transmitter releases occurs at the
      level of a presynaptic grid. Possible alterations in the grid as a function of
      this phenomenon were searched for at the synapses established by unmyelinated
      club endings on the Mauthner cell of teleosts. The number of vesicle openings
      generated by aldehyde fixation was diminished by cooling the preparation and
      enhanced after perfusion with a high-KCl Ringer solution. Morphometric analysis
      of the grid showed that under these conditions the mean distance between its
      constituent elements, the presynaptic dense projections, increased with the
      number of exocytotic events. Parallel changes were observed for the mean diameter
      of the spaces left free between these dense projections, suggesting that vesicle
      exocytosis produces a transient enlargement of the space where it takes place.
      These observations indicate that the presynaptic grid is more dynamically
      involved in the secretory process than previously conceived. It is therefore
      hypothesized that (i) the movement of the dense projections is a consequence of
      their interaction with the plasma membrane, and (ii) the distortion of the grid
      could underlie regulatory mechanisms by which the number of released vesicles is
      limited after each impulse. It is also proposed that the dense projections
      contribute to the stabilization of the plasma membrane, thereby preventing its
      randomization following intense release.

PMID- 4045504
TI  - Synaptic architecture of glomeruli in superficial dorsal horn of rat spinal cord,
      as shown in serial reconstructions.
AB  - Using serial section EM analysis, synaptic organization of glomeruli in lamina II
      of the dorsal horn of the rat has been examined. Four C1-terminals (small, dark
      and sinuous), four CIIa (large, light and regular, without neurofilaments) and
      four CIIb (with neurofilaments) at the centres of synaptic glomeruli of types I,
      IIa and IIb, respectively, were serially sectioned and reconstructed.
      Asymmetrical synapses between the central terminal (C) and dendritic profiles
      without synaptic vesicles (D) prevailed in all types of glomeruli. Symmetrical
      dendroaxonic contacts with presynaptic dendrites (V1----C) occurred practically
      only in type I glomeruli in which there were also more asymmetrical C----V1
      contacts than in type II glomeruli. Symmetrical axoaxonic synapses V2----C were
      more abundant in type IIa and IIb glomeruli. Type IIa glomeruli had a
      significantly larger number of C----D synapses and of all synapses per unit area
      of C surface, than type IIb glomeruli. Triadic systems with C and D postsynaptic
      to V2 were nearly as numerous as those involving V1 in type I glomeruli. Triads
      with V2 were however largely preponderant in type IIa and virtually exclusive in
      type IIb. It thus seems that each of the three types of glomerulus has its own
      pattern of synaptic interactions which might reflect specific complexes of feed
      forward and feed-back mechanisms. In type I glomeruli, excitation of second-order
      neurons by nociceptive C1 terminals may be controlled in similar proportions by
      presynaptic dendrites excited within the glomerulus by the C terminal itself, or
      by peripheral axons excited from outside the glomerulus. This kind of control is
      likely to prevail in type IIa glomeruli and to be the only efficient modulatory
      mechanism in type IIb glomeruli.

PMID- 4045505
TI  - Retrograde degeneration of myelinated axons and re-organization in the optic
      nerves of adult frogs (Xenopus laevis) following nerve injury or tectal ablation.
AB  - The optic nerve proximal to the lesion (toward the retina) was examined by light
      and electron microscopy in adult Xenopus laevis after various types of injury to
      optic nerve fibres. Intraorbital resection, transection or crush of the optic
      nerve or ablation of the contralateral optic tectum all resulted in marked
      alterations in the myelinated axon population and in the overall appearance of
      the nerve proximal to the site of injury. Examination of the nerves from 3 days
      to 6 months postoperatively indicated that a progressive, retrograde degeneration
      of myelin and loss of large-diameter axons occurred throughout the retinal nerve
      stump regardless of the type of injury or distance of the injury from the retina.
      The retinal stump of nerves receiving resection or transection showed a nearly
      complete loss of myelin and large-diameter axons while the degree of degeneration
      was subtotal in nerves receiving crush injury or after lesions farther from the
      retina (i.e. tectal ablation). In addition, the entire retinal nerve stump after
      all types of injury was characterized by the appearance of an actively growing
      axon population situated circumferentially under the glia limitans. The latter
      fibres are believed to represent regrowing axons which are being added onto the
      nerve, external to the original axon population and are suspected to modify
      actively the glial terrain and glia limitans.

PMID- 4045506
TI  - Internodal microvillus-like Schwann cell fingers in myelinated fibres in mouse
      spinal roots.
AB  - Collections of microvillus-like Schwann cell fingers identical to those described
      previously in the nodal gap substance were commonly found along the internodes of
      large myelinated fibres in the spinal roots of adult mice. They were covered by
      Schwann cell basal lamina and focally protruded from the outer cytoplasmic
      Schwann cell compartment. Unlike nodal Schwann cell fingers, these internodal
      fingers had no contact with the axolemma, but were directed toward the
      endoneurium. These were not recognized in the distal peripheral nerves. The
      frequent occurrence of internodal Schwann cell fingers in the spinal root fibres
      suggests that these structures may be involved in some electrophysiological
      regulatory mechanism in this particular region of the nervous system.

PMID- 4045507
TI  - Intermittent myelination of small-diameter sciatic axons in Xenopus laevis.
AB  - Nerve fibres from the sciatic nerve of apparently normal Xenopus laevis were
      examined in teased preparations of living material and in series of cross
      sections. Small-diameter fibres were found that were myelinated in a spatially
      intermittent fashion. In these fibres, the myelinated segments were separated by
      long non-myelinated regions that had a 1 : 1 relationship to the investing
      Schwann cell. It is estimated that at least 10% of the myelinated fibres with an
      external diameter of less than 5 micrograms were intermittently myelinated.

PMID- 4045508
TI  - Spatial distribution and size of acetylcholine receptor clusters determined by
      motor nerves in developing chick muscles.
AB  - The size and distribution of acetylcholine receptor clusters (AChR-C) on normal
      and aneural developing muscle fibres of the chick wing were studied by labelling
      AChR with fluorescent conjugates of alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BGT). AChR-C of a
      size typical of initial synaptic contacts (5 micron long) were present at 7 days
      incubation, shortly after the appearance of nerves, and were grouped in bands
      corresponding to muscle nerve branches. A regular distribution of large
      (approximately equal to 5 micron) AChR-C separated by 100-200 micron had
      developed by 10-14 days in the slow-tonic anterior latissimus dorsi and
      ulnimetacarpalis dorsalis muscles. The role of motor innervation in the formation
      of AChR-C was assessed by removing the brachial neural tube at 2 days incubation
      in order to prevent nerves entering the wing. Neural-tube removal prevented the
      appearance of the large AChR-C normally associated with the early synaptic
      contacts. Small AChR-C (less than 2 micron long) appeared in aneural muscles, but
      these were not grouped into bands characteristic of the large AChR-C in normal
      muscles. The results suggest that the formation of junctional AChR-C is dependent
      on nerves.

PMID- 4045509
TI  - Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase accelerates axon terminal withdrawal at the
      developing rat neuromuscular junction.
AB  - In developing skeletal muscles, the rate at which superfluous innervation is lost
      from the endplates depends on the general level of neuromuscular activity.
      Whether it is activity of the presynaptic or postsynaptic structures (or both)
      that is critical is not well established. In this work, we transitorily inhibited
      the AChE of soleus muscle in postnatal rats, in order to increase postsynaptic
      activity, without directly altering activity of the nerve terminals. We then
      followed the time course of disappearance of axon terminals from the endplates of
      treated and normal muscles, using electron-microscope techniques. Three hours
      after inhibition of AChE, the muscle fibres exhibited local supercontracture and
      ultrastructural damage in the region of the endplate, consistent with local
      elevation of Ca2+ levels. At the same time, small electron-opaque vesicles,
      apparently of muscular origin, appeared in the synaptic cleft. The nerve
      terminals, however, were entirely normal in number and appearance. One day after
      treatment, endplates of esterase-inhibited muscles showed accelerated loss of
      nerve terminals, compared to endplates of normally developing muscles. No further
      loss of nerve terminals occurred, once AChE activity returned at the endplate.
      These results suggest that the rate at which superfluous nerve terminals retract
      from the developing neuromuscular junction is regulated by the level of
      activation of the muscle. It seems likely that activity of postsynaptic sites may
      similarly regulate changes in innervation patterns, in other developing or
      adapting neuro-neuronal or neuro-effector systems.

PMID- 4045510
TI  - Ultrastructure of the phasic stretch receptor in the crayfish abdominal nerve
      cord.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the abdominal ganglionic cord stretch receptor of the
      crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus is described. This bilaterally-paired,
      segmentally-repeating phasic receptor monitors stretch applied to the central
      nervous system itself. It consists of a connective tissue mass closely applied to
      the medial margin of each medial giant fibre, into which ramifies a collection of
      specialized terminal dendrites originating from branches (primary dendrites) of a
      single axon. The connective tissue consists of an electron-opaque matrix in which
      are embedded many short, electron-lucent, tubular structures whose lumens are
      continuous with the matrix. Some filamentous material penetrates the connective
      tissue from its boundaries, and glial cells are present. The primary dendrites
      are irregular in size and orientation, and contain many microtubules and much
      filamentous material. The terminal dendrites are of consistent diameter and
      longitudinal orientation, containing very regularly-spaced microtubules with no
      microfilaments. The terminal dendrites contain a well-defined cytoskeletal 'tube'
      or lamina 6 nm thick, evenly spaced about 25 nm below the plasma membrane and
      connected to it by filamentous material 5 nm in diameter, which is deposited in
      rings or helices. This lamina arises just at the point where the primary
      dendrites gave rise to the terminal dendrites. Its function is not known, but it
      shows some similarities to the subaxolemmal lamina found in some regions of spike
      initiation.

PMID- 4045511
TI  - The cellular origin of an unusual type of S-potential: an intracellular
      horseradish peroxidase study in a cyprinid fish retina.
AB  - L2-type S-potentials are mainly blue/green-sensitive hyperpolarizing responses
      with a red-sensitive depolarizing component which is either weak or absent. They
      were first described in the retina of the roach, a cyprinid fish, by Djamgoz
      (1978, 1984) and Djamgoz & Ruddock (1978, 1979a). The cellular origin of these
      responses has been determined and characterized by intracellular recording,
      horseradish peroxidase staining, and light and electron microscopy. They were
      found to arise in horizontal cells with H2-like morphologies on average (Stell &
      Lightfoot, 1975). The dendrites of these cells contacted green- and blue
      sensitive cone pedicles within which both lateral and central contacts were made
      at ribbon synapses. The laterally-positioned dendrites had incompletely formed
      spinules associated with them. A number of similarities between these units and
      the biphasic, chromaticity (Cb)-type S-potentials have been outlined and it is
      suggested that L2 units are essentially Cb-units with a weak depolarizing
      component. In turn, it is suggested that the depolarizing component is reduced as
      a consequence of the relatively dark-adapted states of the retinae. It is
      concluded that the negative feed-back pathway that subserves the generation of
      depolarizing (Cb-type) S-potentials is weak or absent in dark-adapted retinae and
      that spinules may be the site of this feed-back interaction.

PMID- 4045512
TI  - Treatment of myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 4045513
TI  - Splenectomy in myasthenia gravis: a therapeutic concept?
AB  - The case histories are presented of five patients with long-diagnosed myasthenia
      gravis (up to 15 years) who underwent splenectomy. A precondition for the
      decision to operate was muscle weakness that could not be controlled with
      standard therapy (e.g. anticholinesterase drugs, immunosuppressive measures).
      After splenectomy, a considerable improvement took place in three cases; in one
      case there was moderate improvement, and in another, no improvement. The
      alleviation of myasthenia gravis may be attributable to the reduction of either
      the number of immunocompetent lymphocytes in an important storage organ or of the
      total bulk of the immune system in an immune disease with raised auto-antibody
      production. The acetylcholine receptor antibody titre was not affected by the
      operation in a consistent way. After splenectomy, immunosuppressive medication
      was tolerated better with respect to its haematological side-effects.

PMID- 4045514
TI  - Experimental focal cerebral ischaemia in rabbits.
AB  - A highly reproducible form of experimental embolization of the intracranial
      arteries is presented in rabbits. The injection of a silver or gold ball into the
      internal carotid artery caused occlusion predominantly of the middle cerebral
      artery and/or its branches. At the moment when embolization took place, the
      characteristic signs of acute cerebral ischaemia occurred in the
      electroencephalogram, local cerebral blood flow and steady (DC) potentials.
      Several hours after the ball had been injected the extent of the focal lesions
      became recognizable on sections stained for myelin. The procedure is simple,
      rapid, inexpensive and practically always successful. The extent of the lesion
      may be influenced by the change of both the ball size and the posture of animals.
      Moreover, the site of occlusion is easily discernible both on radiographs and to
      the naked eye.

PMID- 4045515
TI  - Examinations of cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin G by chromatofocusing.
AB  - IgG components in the CSF and paired sera were examined by chromatofocusing. The
      separations were performed using the FPLC system with a mono P column and were
      based on a pH gradient between 9.5 and 6.0. A total amount of 0.1 mg IgG was
      applied to the column. All samples with oligoclonal IgG were easily identified
      and the findings differed clearly from those of normal IgG. The sensitivity,
      resolution capacity and relatively fast as well as easy performance make
      chromatofocusing a promising tool for investigations of IgG in the CSF.

PMID- 4045516
TI  - Serum creatine kinase B subunit levels in neurogenic atrophies.
AB  - This study is an attempt to determine the creatine kinase B (CK-B) subunit levels
      in neurogenic atrophies. A group of 69 patients was studied and the results were
      compared with those in a group of 32 patients with muscle disease. The results
      showed that the CK-B levels are considerably higher in patients with amyotrophic
      lateral sclerosis (P less than 0.001) and peroneal muscular atrophy (P less than
      0.001). Further studies in the various subgroups of neurogenic atrophies showed
      that, regardless of the nosological entity, the CK-B activity is considerably
      higher: (1) in the "widespread" as opposed to "limited" forms (P less than
      0.001); (2) in the "chronic" than in the "acute" neurogenic atrophies (P less
      than 0.001); and (3) in the "active" as opposed to "residual" forms (P less than
      0.02). It is suggested that the increase of CK-B in neurogenic atrophies is a
      strong indication of an active regeneration process in the denervated muscle.

PMID- 4045517
TI  - The clustering of multiple sclerosis in various administrative subunits of
      western Poland.
AB  - A survey of multiple sclerosis was made in the western part of Poland, with
      special attention being paid to the distribution of the disease in various
      administrative subunits. The prevalence of MS for the 35 counties (mean 45.08 per
      100,000 for definite and possible cases taken together) revealed significant
      differences between particular regions, with clusters of high prevalence rates
      occurring in two towns (Leszno, 130,97; Gniezno, 122.83). Local uneven
      distribution of multiple sclerosis was also found within 198 communes covering
      the territory of the 35 counties. There were four clusters in eight neighbouring
      towns and communes with a high prevalence ranging from 74.37 to 141.54, and
      several with a very low prevalence.

PMID- 4045518
TI  - Assessment of motor neuron excitability in parkinsonian rigidity by the F wave.
AB  - F-wave responses from abductor pollicis brevis muscle occurred more frequently,
      with a larger amplitude and longer duration in rigid parkinsonian patients than
      in age-matched normal controls. F-wave potentiation during voluntary contraction
      was impaired in parkinsonian patients. These findings suggest that spinal motor
      neuron excitability is enhanced in rigidity. F-wave amplitude was significantly
      correlated to the clinical evaluation of motor disability, so that the F wave may
      be regarded as a useful approach to quantitative evaluation of rigidity.

PMID- 4045519
TI  - A new method for noninvasive measurement of short-term cerebrospinal fluid
      pressure changes in humans.
AB  - Changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure were shown to be reflected by
      changes in tympanic membrane (TM) tension. Impedance audiometry measures
      mechanical tension on the TM and was used to detect changes during jugular vein
      compression in normal students. CSF and peri-lymph communicate through the
      cochlear aqueduct, permitting increases in CSF pressure to result in increased
      pressure on the stapes footplate. This is transmitted to the TM by the ossicles
      and detected by impedance audiometry. TM tension was also proportional to CSF
      pressure in cadavers, where CSF pressure was manipulated by saline injection
      through a lumbar puncture.

PMID- 4045520
TI  - Brain-stem auditory evoked potential alterations in heroin addicts.

PMID- 4045521
TI  - Isotopic immunoglobulin: a new systemic therapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 4045522
TI  - Chemotherapy in seminoma: when is it appropriate initial treatment?

PMID- 4045524
TI  - Improved survival following combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy for
      unfavorable prognosis stage I-II non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 144 patients with stage I-II non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
      (NHL) treated between June 1968 and December 1980 was performed. Patients were
      staged by bone marrow biopsy, chest radiography, blood chemistries, and either
      bipedal lymphangiography, computerized axial tomography, or surgical exploration
      of the abdomen. Patients were subclassified by extent of disease; minimal disease
      was defined as less than 10 cm and involved one or two contiguous sites, while
      patients with disease exceeding these limitations were considered to have
      extended stage I-II disease. Treatment consisted of radiation therapy (RT) alone
      in 74 patients and 70 patients were treated with chemotherapy with or without RT.
      Combination chemotherapy in patients with diffuse undifferentiated (DU) or
      diffuse histiocytic (DH) lymphoma resulted in a significantly higher 6-year
      survival as compared to patients treated with RT alone. For minimal disease DU/DH
      patients, the 6-year survival with chemotherapy +/- RT was 96% as compared to 61%
      with RT alone (P = .03). For extended disease DU/DH patients the 6-year survival
      with chemotherapy +/- RT was 56% as compared with 18% with RT alone (P = .003).
      This survival advantage from the initial use of chemotherapy was not seen in any
      of the other histologic subgroups.

PMID- 4045523
TI  - Isotopic immunoglobulin: a new systemic therapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Thirty-eight patients with advanced, progressive Hodgkin's disease who had
      relapsed from or who had not responded to treatment with at least two potentially
      curative combination chemotherapy regimens were entered into this phase 2 study.
      All patients received 131I antiferritin antibody administered intravenously (IV)
      at a dose of 30 mCi on day 0 and 20 mCi on day 5. Antibody was derived from
      rabbit, pig, and monkey species. Objective partial remission of measurable
      disease was recorded in 40% of patients. Symptomatic response was recorded in 77%
      of patients. Toxicity was restricted to bone marrow depression with
      thrombocytopenia greater than leukopenia. These responses are comparable to other
      reported phase 2 drugs in this patient population and subsequent trials of
      antibody free of radioactivity and antibody using a beta emitting isotope are
      being carried out to expand upon these results.

PMID- 4045525
TI  - Radiotherapy as initial treatment for bulky stage II testicular seminomas.
AB  - Sixteen consecutive patients with bulky stage II seminoma were treated with
      primary radiotherapy from 1971 to 1982. Bulky stage II seminoma was defined as
      either Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC) stage IIC (retroperitoneal
      metastases greater than 5 cm) or IID (palpable retroperitoneal metastases) with
      no evidence of visceral or supradiaphragmatic disease. The median age was 38
      years (range, 26 to 52) and the median size of retroperitoneal disease was 11.5
      cm (range, 5 to 25 cm). Patients were treated with generous radiation ports (such
      as wide hockey-stick or whole abdomen) often followed by boosts to the sites of
      bulky disease. Median tumor dose was 3,235 cGy (range, 2,700 to 5,668 cGy).
      Mediastinal (with or without supraclavicular) prophylactic radiation was
      administered to 15 of the 16 patients with a median dose of 2,590 cGy (range,
      1,200 to 3,700 cGy). Treatment toxicity was mild. All 16 patients achieved a
      complete remission (CR) with radiotherapy. Median follow-up from the time of
      diagnosis was 60 months, and all patients are currently disease-free. Two
      patients recurred after therapy but were rendered disease-free with further
      radiation. These two relapsing patients have remained disease-free, following
      initial recurrence, for 8 years. The excellent results obtained with modern
      imaging and radiotherapeutic techniques justify radiotherapy as the initial
      treatment of choice for bulky stage II seminomas.

PMID- 4045526
TI  - The rationale for planned reoperation after unplanned total excision of soft
      tissue sarcomas.
AB  - Multimodality management of soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremity is often based
      on the presence or absence of residual primary disease. Reoperation is warranted
      or radiotherapy doses altered if the physician is aware that the tumor was
      incompletely excised. Most patients with soft-tissue masses undergo an initial
      excision before definitive therapy. These initial unplanned total excisions are
      usually excisional biopsies for presumably benign disease. Ninety patients were
      reviewed to evaluate the adequacy of unplanned total excision. All patients
      underwent unplanned supposed total excisions. Most patients were then treated
      with preoperative intraarterial Adriamycin (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio)
      and radiation therapy, followed by wide reexcision of the prior operative field.
      Forty-six patients (51.1%) had no gross residual tumor in the reoperative
      specimen. In two patients, there was microscopic but not macroscopic disease.
      Forty-four patients (48.9%) had identifiable macroscopic residual disease in the
      reoperative specimen. When comparing these 44 patients with visible (macroscopic)
      residual tumor to the remaining 46, no differences were seen in age, sex, stage,
      histologic type, time from excision to reoperation, or size of initial lesion.
      This previously unrecognized high incidence of gross residual disease must be
      considered when planning definitive therapy. Unplanned total excisions are
      inadequate to remove local disease and, despite multimodality therapy, may result
      in local failure. Reoperation should be a planned part of definitive management
      for patients with soft-tissue sarcoma of the extremity whenever the initial
      surgical procedure was done without a histologic diagnosis or was not planned to
      be a wide excision. If reoperation cannot be performed, radiotherapy doses to
      treat gross residual disease should be used.

PMID- 4045527
TI  - Incidence, course, and severity of delayed nausea and vomiting following the
      administration of high-dose cisplatin.
AB  - Although many trials have evaluated the severity and treatment of nausea and
      vomiting immediately after cisplatin administration, no studies have focused on
      vomiting occurring more than 24 hours after chemotherapy--delayed emesis. Two
      consecutive trials were undertaken to evaluate the incidence, course (trial 1),
      and severity (trial 2) of delayed nausea and emesis and to develop methods to
      study these conditions. Eighty-six patients receiving cisplatin (120 mg/m2) for
      the first time were entered. On the day of cisplatin treatment, all received
      intravenous (IV) metoclopramide (3 mg/kg X 2 doses) plus dexamethasone (20 mg IV
      X 1 dose) with either diphenhydramine (50 mg IV) or lorazepam (1.0 to 1.5 mg/m2).
      Sixty-two percent of patients experienced no vomiting during the 24 hours
      immediately after administration of cisplatin. Overall, 93% of studied patients
      experienced some degree of delayed nausea or vomiting from 24 to 120 hours after
      cisplatin. In trial 1, the incidence of delayed vomiting ranged from 21% to 61%
      and delayed nausea from 24% to 78% in 58 patients. The highest incidence of both
      delayed nausea and emesis occurred during the period from 48 to 72 hours after
      administration of cisplatin. Patients who had no emesis during the initial 24
      hours after cisplatin were less likely to experience delayed emesis. The severity
      of delayed nausea and vomiting was evaluated in 28 patients in trial 2. The
      amount of delayed nausea and vomiting was assessed daily by patients using a
      visual analogue scale and by an observer rating. The highest nausea and vomiting
      scores were seen during the period from 48 to 72 hours after administration of
      cisplatin, with acceptable correlation between patient scores and observer
      ratings. Although the nausea and vomiting occurring 24 or more hours after
      cisplatin administration is not as severe as that seen during the initial 24
      hours after administration of cisplatin in patients not receiving antiemetics, it
      is a common condition that merits both further study and specific treatment.

PMID- 4045528
TI  - Psychological outcome of extremity sarcoma survivors undergoing amputation or
      limb salvage.
AB  - When compared to amputation, limb salvage procedures for extremity sarcomas have
      been advocated because of potential functional benefits and presumed
      psychological-outcome advantages. The purpose of this study was to compare
      psychological outcomes between survivors who underwent either amputation or limb
      salvage procedures for extremity sarcomas. Fifteen amputees and 20 patients with
      salvaged limbs (mean age, 37.9 years; range, 15 to 71 years) were evaluated 1 to
      5 years after surgery for extremity sarcomas. Demographic and medical information
      was obtained and cognitive functioning, affect, mood, body image, physical
      functioning, global psychological adjustment to illness and surgery, and lifetime
      prevalence of psychiatric disorders before and after surgery were assessed. Two
      patients were excluded because of the presence of an incapacitating organic
      mental syndrome. The remaining patients, 14 amputees and 19 patients with
      salvaged limbs, had a variety of soft-tissue and bone sarcomas. No significant
      differences were found between the groups in age, sex, marital status, surgically
      involved extremity, chemotherapy status, and social class at the time of surgery
      and interviews. There were no significant differences between the groups in
      scores of cognitive capacity, symptoms, mood, body image changes, global physical
      functioning, global adjustment to illness and surgery, and lifetime prevalence of
      psychiatric disorders before or after surgery. Most patients revealed only mild
      psychological symptoms and 55% demonstrated good to excellent adjustment to their
      surgeries and diseases. There were no significant differences in measures of
      psychological outcome for patients with extremity sarcomas who underwent limb
      salvage procedures compared to those who underwent amputation. A psychological
      outcome advantage of limb-salvage surgery compared to amputation has yet to be
      demonstrated.

PMID- 4045529
TI  - Exploratory data analysis and the use of the hazard function for interpreting
      survival data: an investigator's primer.
AB  - This report discusses how one can use the hazard function to gain important
      insights on the patterns of failure in clinical studies when the principal
      endpoint is a time metric. These new insights may help gain increased
      understanding into the pathogenesis of a chronic disease and how it is affected
      by treatment intervention. The qualitative behavior of the hazard function can
      reveal whether mortality is increasing, decreasing, or is constant over time.
      Simple graphic plots are all that is necessary to show characteristic failure
      patterns. These informal procedures are in the spirit of carrying out exploratory
      analyses on the data. This report discusses the organization of clinical data
      using a "branch and leaf" plot, outlines the calculation of the hazard function
      and life table, and uses examples from lung cancer and uveal melanoma to
      illustrate calculations and ways of interpreting hazard functions.

PMID- 4045530
TI  - Ethics in oncology textbooks.

PMID- 4045531
TI  - AIDS in association with malignant melanoma and Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 4045532
TI  - Vincristine infusion with advanced, relapsed tumors.

PMID- 4045533
TI  - Utility of non-invasive instantaneous screening test for drug-induced cardiac
      damage.

PMID- 4045534
TI  - The processing of mechanosensory information by spiking local interneurons in the
      locust.
AB  - The responses and receptive fields of a group of spiking local interneurons in
      the metathoracic ganglion of the locust were defined by making intracellular
      recordings from them while moving joints of a hindleg and stimulating external
      mechanoreceptors. Some interneurons respond both to inputs from internal
      mechanoreceptors (proprioceptors) at particular joints and to inputs from an
      array of external mechanoreceptors. The effects of both types of receptor can be
      excitatory or inhibitory. Other interneurons respond to proprioceptive input
      alone. There is a spectrum of responses. At one extreme are interneurons that
      respond tonically, the frequency of their spikes being determined by the angle of
      a particular joint. At the other extreme are interneurons that respond phasically
      to imposed movements of a joint in any direction. Inbetween are interneurons that
      respond with either a rapidly or a more slowly adapting change in the frequency
      of their spikes to the displacement of a joint in only one direction. Each
      movement of a particular joint excites or inhibits several interneurons with a
      range of different response characteristics. An interneuron typically receives
      inputs from only one joint, though some are excited by both femoral and tibial
      receptors. The interneurons spike during active movements of a leg elicited by
      direct stimulation of individual motor neurons, and during movements elicited by
      tactile stimulation of other parts of the body.

PMID- 4045535
TI  - Processing of vibrissa sensory information within the rat neocortex.
AB  - Neuronal response properties were compared among different layers of the urethan
      anesthetized rat vibrissa cortex. Measurements were made of the receptive-field
      (RF) size, the degree of directional selectivity, the latency of driving, the
      velocity threshold, and the tuning-curve slope. The RF size was defined by the
      number of whiskers that, when deflected individually, activated a neurons. For
      the center whisker of the RF (usually whisker C3), the response to deflection in
      the most preferred direction was compared with that in the opposite direction to
      classify the neuron as either strongly directional, weakly directional, or
      nondirectional. For the most preferred direction of the center whisker, the
      minimum velocity of deflection required to drive the unit was defined as the
      velocity threshold, the latency of driven response to a standard supramaximal
      velocity was measured, and finally, using exponential ramp-and-hold deflection,
      the threshold amplitude was determined at different values of time constant to
      construct a tuning-curve slope. Cortical layer IV neurons, as a whole, have the
      lowest threshold velocity. Layer Vb neurons stand on the opposite extreme in
      having the highest mean velocity threshold value. Although this difference is
      consistent with the generally held view that the "barrels" in layer IV represent
      the input stage of cortical information processing, the lack of laminar
      differences in latency and RF size support the idea that neurons of other
      cortical layers also receive direct thalamocortical inputs. The population of
      cortical neurons thus appears quite homogeneous across different layers as far as
      the results of examination with short-pulsed stimulation are concerned.
      Correlation of pairs of parameters (RF, directionality, velocity threshold, and
      latency) was tested in the two layers (layer IV and layer Vb). The latency and
      velocity threshold are highly correlated within both layers. Also, most of
      correlation coefficients of the corresponding pairs of the two layers are
      similar. However, the use of exponential ramp-and-hold deflection of whiskers
      revealed a difference in tuning-curve slope between layer IV and layer Vb (also
      layers II-III); layer IV neurons show flatter tuning-curve slopes (more oriented
      for detection of the amplitude component of whisker deflection) than neurons of
      layer Vb and layers II-III, which are more oriented for velocity detection.
      During the hold phase of whisker deflection, layer IV neurons tend to show
      sustained discharges, whereas layer Vb (also layers II-III) neurons mainly
      exhibit transient responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4045536
TI  - Sensory receptors with unmyelinated (C) fibers innervating the skin of the
      rabbit's ear.
AB  - The cutaneous receptive properties of unmyelinated (C) fibers of the rabbit's
      great auricular nerve were determined by single-unit recordings. The majority of
      C-fiber units could be excited by cutaneous stimulation, and such sensory units
      fell into three major categories on the basis of responses to mechanical and
      thermal stimulation of their cutaneous receptive fields: low-threshold
      mechanoreceptors, nociceptors, or specific thermoreceptors. The majority of
      afferent elements were nociceptive, and all nociceptors responded to strong
      mechanical stimulation. Three types of nociceptors could be distinguished by
      their responses to thermal stimuli. Polymodal nociceptors responded to heat with
      thresholds of 40-55 degrees C and typically displayed enhanced responses or
      sensitization after noxious heating of their receptive fields. High-threshold
      mechanoreceptors failed to respond promptly to heat before noxious cutaneous
      stimulation which, however, elicited subsequent back-ground activity or
      sensitivity to heat. A third type of nociceptor responded to cold but not to
      heat. Low-threshold mechanoreceptors were identified by their brisk responses to
      very gentle, slowly moving mechanical stimulation of their receptive fields, and
      were readily distinguished from any element classified as nociceptive by their
      lower mechanical thresholds. Rapid innocuous warming or cooling excited some of
      the low-threshold mechanoreceptors. Specific thermoreceptors, both warming and
      cooling types, were rare, insensitive to mechanical stimulation, and responded to
      very slight changes in temperature. In contrast to the sensitization to heat,
      which was characteristic of most nociceptors, specific warming receptors
      displayed depressed thermal responses after noxious heating of their receptive
      fields. These results provide further evidence of the similarity of C-fiber
      receptors innervating hairy skin of different species. Some differences from past
      reports and additional features are described.

PMID- 4045537
TI  - Regeneration of cutaneous afferent unmyelinated (C) fibers after transection.
AB  - The cutaneous receptive properties of C-fiber units were studied 1-8 mo after
      transection and repair of the rabbit's great auricular nerve. The proportions of
      C-fiber units that could be excited by the cutaneous stimuli known to excite
      normal C-fiber afferent elements of the same nerve increased with time of
      recovery and approached the normal range within 5 mo after transection. No
      evidence was obtained that suggests that any specific receptor type regenerated
      more rapidly than others. No differences were established between the cutaneous
      receptive properties of normal and regenerated low-threshold mechanoreceptors or
      specific thermoreceptors. However, the properties of regenerated polymodal
      nociceptors were different from those of normal polymodal nociceptors. Mechanical
      thresholds for regenerated polymodal nociceptors were greater than normal at 2 mo
      after transection but not later, and nearly 20% of regenerated polymodal units
      had heat thresholds lower than normal. It is argued that the abnormal properties
      of some regenerated polymodal nociceptors could explain, in part, the elevated
      thresholds to noxious mechanical stimulation and the thermal hyperalgesia
      reported during recovery from nerve transection in man.

PMID- 4045538
TI  - Failure of sympathetic stimulation to affect responsiveness of rabbit polymodal
      nociceptors.
AB  - The responses of polymodal nociceptors with unmyelinated (C) fibers of the
      rabbit's great auricular nerve were examined with and without intermittent
      stimulation of the ipsilateral cervical sympathetic trunk. The receptive field of
      each polymodal nociceptor was heated twice in a stepwise manner from 30 to 50 or
      55 degrees C in 5 degree C steps. For each unit, one heating trial was a control
      trial and the other was accompanied by sympathetic stimulation. The order of the
      control and sympathetic stimulation trials and the maximum testing temperature
      were varied systematically among the units examined. The initial responses of
      polymodal nociceptors in the first heating trial in the presence of sympathetic
      stimulation were similar to the responses of units whose first heating was a
      control trial. Units whose receptive fields were tested to a maximum temperature
      of 50 degrees C in the first trial displayed enhanced responses to heat in their
      second trial (sensitization), while units tested initially to 55 degrees C
      responded less briskly during their second heating trial (depression). However,
      the occurrence of sympathetic stimulation in the second heating trials had no
      apparent effect on the responses to heat of sensitized or depressed elements.
      Alterations in the numbers of impulses, instantaneous frequency, or pattern of
      impulse activity of individual units could not be attributed to sympathetic
      stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045539
TI  - A17: a broad-field amacrine cell in the rod system of the cat retina.
AB  - A17 amacrine cells of the cat retina have been penetrated with horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP)-filled microelectrodes and their light responses recorded. These
      cells depolarize in sustained fashion to steps of light. Viewed in retinal
      wholemounts, HRP-injected cells have a spokelike radiating splay of very fine
      dendrites (0.1 micron diam) passing diffusely through all strata of the inner
      plexiform layer (IPL) to run primarily in strata 4 and 5. There are as many as
      1,000 large, regularly spaced beads borne on the 500- to 1,200-micron diameter
      dendritic field. Cell body sizes range from 9 to 13 micron. In the electron
      microscope, the dendritic beads in sublamina b of the IPL are seen to synapse
      reciprocally with rod bipolar axon terminals. Dendritic beads in sublamina a
      rarely make synapses, but between the beads in this layer, input from at least
      three distinctive amacrine profiles occurs. Though diffuse at the light
      microscopic level, A17 thus appears to be structurally bistratified, with
      amacrine input in sublamina a and bipolar input in sublamina b. It is likely that
      A17 can be identified with AI. A17 signals are driven almost exclusively by rods.
      The spectral sensitivity peaks at 507 nm, identical with that of pigment
      epithelial cells. Light adaptation abolishes all but a small hyperpolarizing
      component of the signal. The overall intensity-response range is similar to that
      of AII amacrine cells. When receptive fields of A17 cells are mapped with slit
      stimuli, a broad, single-component curve is measured approximately covering the
      dendritic field. The receptive field is well described by a linear electrical
      model with a mean space constant of 259 +/- 97 micron (SD). On the other hand,
      responses to centered slit stimuli of varying width yielded space constants of
      only 38 +/- 29 micron. A17 amacrines are thus broad-field components of the cat's
      rod system but with very little capacity for spatial integration. Receptive-field
      measurements are not supportive of the notion of isolated dendritic regions.

PMID- 4045540
TI  - Temporal and spatial integration in the rat SI vibrissa cortex.
AB  - Glass micropipettes were used to record the activity of 124 single units in the
      somatosensory vibrissa cortex (SI) of 16 rats in response to combined deflections
      of contralateral vibrissae. Compact multiangular electromechanical stimulators
      were used to stimulate individual vibrissal hairs alone or in combinations of two
      or three adjacent whiskers. Each whisker was stimulated independently to produce
      controlled temporal and spatial patterns of mechanical stimuli. Following
      displacement of a vibrissa, unit discharges to subsequent deflections of adjacent
      whiskers are reduced in a time-dependent fashion. Response suppression is
      strongest at short interdeflection intervals, i.e., 10-20 ms and decreases
      progressively during the 50-100 ms following the first deflection. In many cases
      this period also corresponds with a reduction in ongoing unit discharges.
      Response suppression was not observed for first-order neurons recorded in the
      trigeminal ganglion of barbiturate-anesthetized rats. In the cortex, the presence
      and/or degree of response suppression depends on a number of spatial factors.
      These include 1) the angular direction(s) in which the individual hairs are
      moved, 2) the sequence in which two whiskers are deflected, that is, which one is
      deflected first, 3) the particular combination of whiskers stimulated, and 4) the
      number (2 or 3) of vibrissae comprising the multiwhisker stimulus. Within a
      vertical electrode penetration, one particular whisker typically elicits the
      strongest excitatory and inhibitory effects; other, nearby vibrissae elicit
      variable (or no) excitation or inhibition. Excitatory and inhibitory subregions
      of a receptive field could thus be distributed asymmetrically around the
      maximally effective whisker. In these cases, the receptive fields displayed
      spatial orientations. Quantitative criteria were used to classify 30 cortical
      units on the basis of the distribution of inhibitory subregions on either side of
      the maximally effective whisker. Twenty-one of these cells had receptive fields
      (RFs) with symmetrical inhibitory side regions. Responses of the other nine units
      were strongly suppressed by a preceding deflection of a vibrissa on one side but
      relatively unaffected, or even slightly facilitated, by preceding deflection of
      the whisker on the other side.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4045541
TI  - Synaptic mechanisms of a tonic EPSP in crustacean visual interneurons: analysis
      and simulation.
AB  - Light-evoked synaptic responses of identified visual interneurons, sustaining
      fibers (SFs), were quantitatively analyzed, and a neuronal cable model was used
      to calculate voltage attenuations and predict synaptic responses. The cable model
      is based on morphological measurements of SFs filled with Lucifer yellow and
      passive membrane properties assessed by current injection in the proximal portion
      of the dendritic arbor. The morphological and electrophysiological measurements
      were made in different preparations on homologues of the same identified
      interneurons. The excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) elicited with high
      intensity light consists of a transient phase (mean amplitude 33.1 mV) and a
      second phase (the plateau) that decays slowly relative to the membrane time
      constant (mean amplitude 24.4 mV). The mean extrapolated reversal potentials are 
      19.1 mV for the transient and -22.3 mV during the plateau. The change in input
      conductance associated with the plateau phase of the response showed a peak of
      121% above the resting input conductance and decayed to approximately 50% above
      resting conductance over several seconds. Compartmental cable models (18, 19)
      were used to calculate voltage attenuations and local synaptic conductances
      within the SF dendritic tree. The dendrites are electrotonically compact, and
      voltage attenuations average 6% for current flowing distally from the recording
      site (injected) and 45% for current flowing proximally to the recording site. The
      steady-state EPSP is associated with a calculated 80% decrease in the net
      dendritic membrane resistivity. The synaptic response, calculated for an EPSP
      distributed throughout the dentritic tree (using this conductance change and the
      measured steady-state reversal potential) was 27.0 mV, compared with an observed
      mean value of 24.4 mV. The calculated relationship between steady-state EPSP
      amplitude and dendritic membrane resistivity (Rs) is a sigmoidal function that
      resembles the intensity/response function of the SF. We can therefore correctly
      predict the transformation from light intensity to compound EPSP amplitude by
      calculating the intervening synaptic membrane resistivity and voltage values.
      These functions are affected in a predictable manner by the passive membrane
      resistivity (Rm) and the EPSP reversal potentials. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) application
      abolished all SF spiking but left the EPSP essentially unchanged, suggesting that
      the neuronal pathway from photoreceptors to SFs is mainly or entirely comprised
      of nonspiking (i.e., TTX-insensitive) elements.

PMID- 4045542
TI  - Contrast gain control in the cat's visual system.
AB  - We have examined the idea that the adaptation of cortical neurons to local
      contrast levels in a visual stimulus is functionally advantageous. Specifically,
      cortical cells may have large differential contrast sensitivity as a result of
      adjustments that center a limited response range around a mean level of contrast.
      To evaluate this notion, we measured contrast-response functions of cells in
      striate cortex while systematically adapting them to different contrast levels of
      stimulus gratings. For the majority of cortical neurons tested, the results of
      this basic experiment show that contrast-response functions shift laterally along
      a log-contrast axis so that response functions match mean contrast levels in the
      stimulus. This implies a contrast-dependent change in the gain of the cell's
      contrast-response relationship. We define this process as contrast gain control.
      The degree to which this contrast adjustment occurs varies considerably from cell
      to cell. There are no obvious differences regarding cell type (simple vs.
      complex) or laminar distribution. Contrast gain control is almost certainly a
      cortical function, since lateral geniculate cells and fibers exhibit only minimal
      effects. Tests presented in the accompanying paper (37) provide additional
      evidence on the cortical origin of the process. In another series of experiments,
      the effect of contrast adaptation on physiological estimates of contrast
      sensitivity was evaluated. Sustained adaptation to contrast levels as low as 3%
      was capable of nearly doubling the thresholds of most of the cells tested.
      Adaptation may therefore be an important factor in determinations of the contrast
      sensitivity of cortical neurons. We tested the spatial extent of the mechanisms
      responsible for these gain-control effects by attempting to adapt cells using
      both a large grating and a grating patch limited to that portion of a cell's
      receptive field from which excitatory discharges could be elicited directly (the
      central discharge region). Adaptation was found to be an exclusive property of
      the central region. This held even in the case of hypercomplex cells, which
      received strong influences from surrounding regions of the visual field. Finally,
      we measured the time course of contrast adaptation. We found the process to be
      rather slow, with a mean time constant of approximately 6 s. Once again, there
      was considerable variability in this value from cell to cell.

PMID- 4045543
TI  - Contrast gain control in the kitten's visual system.
AB  - We have studied the effects of contrast adaptation on cortical cells from 4- and
      6-wk-old kittens (49 and 47 cells, respectively) using sine-wave grating stimuli.
      We wished to know if the effects of adaptation to different contrast levels are
      more extensive than those in adult animals. Our experiments involved adapting
      cells to different contrasts (3.1, 12.5, and 50%) while concurrently measuring
      their contrast-response functions at each of these different levels. We found
      qualitatively that the effects of adaptation in the kitten are similar to those
      we have previously documented in adult animals (19). Contrast-response functions
      are laterally shifted along the log-contrast axis, effectively matching the
      response range of the cells to prevailing contrast levels. The degree to which
      this occurred varied from cell to cell. The average degree to which cells showed
      these effects, as assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively, was greater for
      kittens than for adult cats, and greater for 4-wk-old kittens than for those aged
      6 wk. This suggests that susceptibility to adaptation varies as a function of
      age. Additional studies were undertaken with the intent of localizing these
      adaptive effects. First, lateral geniculate cells and fibers (n = 23) were
      studied with our standard protocol, and second, we investigated the degree to
      which the effects of adaptation of cortical cells transferred
      interocularly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045544
TI  - Classification of motor units in flexor carpi radialis muscle of the cat.
AB  - Motor units in the cat flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscle, one of two primary
      wrist flexors, were classified into three groups: slow twitch, fatigue resistant
      (S); fast twitch, fatigue resistant (FR); and fast twitch, fatigue sensitive
      (FF). Classification was based on 1) the ratio of the tension-time area produced
      by a train of stimuli delivered at 40 pps and the maximum tension-time area
      (A40/Amax), and 2) the cumulative force index (CFI), calculated from a series of
      trains (40 pps) delivered intermittently for a period of 4 min. The CFI is
      defined as the ratio between the force accumulated in the last 2 min of
      stimulation to the first 2 min of stimulation. Motor units with values for
      A40/Amax greater than 0.50 were classified as type S units, and less than 0.50 as
      type F. A40/Amax is essentially equivalent to the "sag" profile of an unfused
      tetanus in its ability to separate units into "slow" and "fast" contracting
      units. In general, units with area ratios less than 0.50 had twitch contraction
      times less than 25 ms, whereas units with area ratios greater than 0.50 had
      contraction times greater than 25 ms. Separation of type F units into two groups
      was based on the CFI, with ratios less than or equal to 0.75 corresponding to
      type FF units and greater than 0.75 as type FR units. Type S units also had CFIs
      greater than 0.75. Based on this classification scheme, 40.4% of FCR motor units
      were type S, 37.5% type FR, and 22.1% type FF. The a priori assumption of three
      motor-unit types based on the distributions of A40/Amax and CFI was evaluated by
      cluster analysis. The analysis supported the assumption of three primary groups
      of motor units. Furthermore, when cluster formation proceeded to the point where
      only three clusters remained in the analysis, each of these clusters consisted
      exclusively of one type of unit (i.e., S, FR, or FF). The validity of the
      classification scheme was further tested by stepwise discriminant analysis. Units
      classified as types S, FR, and FF were predicted to be classified with 100%
      accuracy. All units had a high probability (a posteriori) of having group
      membership in their originally classified group (P greater than 0.99 for 129
      units; P greater than 0.90 for 7 units). The duration of potentiated twitch
      contractions for type FR and FF units was found to be less than reported for most
      populations of hindlimb units.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4045545
TI  - Pattern evoked potentials from the cat's retina.
AB  - We have studied electroretinograms (ERG) in the cat using phase-reversed
      sinusoidal gratings as a stimulus. Our purpose was to characterize response
      properties of this type of ERG. One basic question we addressed was whether the
      response to a grating stimulus is actually pattern specific. For the purpose of
      comparison, we used the same stimulus to investigate mass potentials from the
      lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and the visual cortex. The pattern ERG consists
      mainly of a vitreous negative after potential peaking shortly (120-200 ms) after
      reversal of the pattern. There is a notable absence in the pattern ERG of a b
      wave that, however, can be elicited by a step increase of luminance over a
      uniform field. Pattern ERG amplitudes decrease monotonicaly with increasing
      spatial frequency and show no low-frequency attenuation when the pattern is phase
      reversed in square-wave fashion. This is markedly different than evoked
      potentials from the LGN and visual cortex that show band-pass characteristics. On
      the other hand, sinusoidal phase reversal reveals a clear attenuation of the
      pattern ERG amplitude at low spatial frequencies, whereas this type of
      stimulation produces very poor responses from LGN and visual cortex. The low
      spatial-frequency attenuation in the pattern ERG shows that the generating
      mechanism involves lateral interactions. There is thus a clear pattern-specific
      component in the pattern ERG. The pattern ERG has a surprisingly high contrast
      threshold relative to those estimated from cortical and LGN evoked potentials.
      Above threshold, pattern ERG response amplitude increases rapidly with contrast,
      but it often shows saturation at high contrast levels. These saturation points
      are generally high when contrast thresholds are high so that the rising portion
      of the contrast-response functions have fairly uniform slopes. Contrast-response
      curves from the LGN and cortical potentials are quite different from those for
      the retina in that amplitudes increase approximately linearly with log contrast
      over a 2-log-unit range (1 to 100%).

PMID- 4045546
TI  - Primate frontal eye fields. II. Physiological and anatomical correlates of
      electrically evoked eye movements.
AB  - We studied single neurons in the frontal eye fields of awake macaque monkeys and
      compared their activity with the saccadic eye movements elicited by
      microstimulation at the sites of these neurons. Saccades could be elicited from
      electrical stimulation in the cortical gray matter of the frontal eye fields with
      currents as small as 10 microA. Low thresholds for eliciting saccades were found
      at the sites of cells with presaccadic activity. Presaccadic neurons classified
      as visuomovement or movement were most associated with low (less than 50 microA)
      thresholds. High thresholds (greater than 100 microA) or no elicited saccades
      were associated with other classes of frontal eye field neurons, including
      neurons responding only after saccades and presaccadic neurons, classified as
      purely visual. Throughout the frontal eye fields, the optimal saccade for
      eliciting presaccadic neural activity at a given recording site predicted both
      the direction and amplitude of the saccades that were evoked by microstimulation
      at that site. In contrast, the movement fields of postsaccadic cells were usually
      different from the saccades evoked by stimulation at the sites of such cells. We
      defined the low-threshold frontal eye fields as cortex yielding saccades with
      stimulation currents less than or equal to 50 microA. It lies along the posterior
      portion of the arcuate sulcus and is largely contained in the anterior bank of
      that sulcus. It is smaller than Brodmann's area 8 but corresponds with the union
      of Walker's cytoarchitectonic areas 8A and 45. Saccade amplitude was
      topographically organized across the frontal eye fields. Amplitudes of elicited
      saccades ranged from less than 1 degree to greater than 30 degrees. Smaller
      saccades were evoked from the ventrolateral portion, and larger saccades were
      evoked from the dorsomedial portion. Within the arcuate sulcus, evoked saccades
      were usually larger near the lip and smaller near the fundus. Saccade direction
      had no global organization across the frontal eye fields; however, saccade
      direction changed in systematic progressions with small advances of the
      microelectrode, and all contralateral saccadic directions were often represented
      in a single electrode penetration down the bank of the arcuate sulcus.
      Furthermore, the direction of change in these progressions periodically reversed,
      allowing particular saccade directions to be multiply represented in nearby
      regions of cortex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4045547
TI  - Localization of glutaminase-like and aspartate aminotransferase-like
      immunoreactivity in neurons of cerebral neocortex.
AB  - The distribution of glutaminase (GLNase)- and aspartate aminotransferase (AATase)
      immunoreactive cells was examined in the cerebral neocortex of rat and guinea pig
      and in the somatic sensorimotor and primary visual cortex of the Macaca
      fascicularis monkey. These enzymes are involved in the metabolism of glutamate
      and aspartate, two amino acids thought to be excitatory amino acid transmitters
      for cortical neurons. In each of the species examined a large percentage of layer
      V and VI pyramidal neurons have pronounced glutaminase-like immunoreactivity
      (GLNase IR). In contrast, neurons in layers I, II, and IV show little GLNase IR.
      Layer III in the rat and guinea pig contains only a few, densely labeled GLNase
      like-immunoreactive (GLNase-Ir) pyramidal neurons, whereas in the monkey the
      number of GLNase-Ir cells in layer III varies between cytoarchitectonic fields.
      Area 3b of the primary somatic sensory cortex and area 17 (primary visual cortex)
      contain few GLNase-Ir cells in layer III. However, layer III contains moderate
      numbers of GLNase IR in cells in areas 3a, 1, 2, 5, and in the primary motor
      cortex. Within the motor cortex the largest pyramidal ("Betz") cells are not
      labeled. In marked contrast to the results with antibody to GLNase, antibody to
      AATase labels cells that appear nonpyramidal in form, and these cells are in all
      cortical layers in each of the species examined. This distribution is roughly
      similar throughout all areas of rodent neocortex, but in monkey visual cortex
      AATase-immunoreactive neurons are more numerous in layers II-III, IVc, and VI.
      When combined with the findings of other studies, our results suggest that GLNase
      IR marks pyramidal neurons that use an excitatory amino acid transmitter.
      Antibody to AATase appears to mark intrinsic cortical neurons. The AATase
      immunoreactivity of these cells could indicate that they use an excitatory amino
      acid transmitter. However, their form and distribution in cortex suggest that
      this antibody labels GABAergic neurons.

PMID- 4045548
TI  - Subcellular distribution of calcium- and calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain
      phosphorylating activity in rat cerebral cortex.
AB  - The subcellular distribution of Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain
      phosphorylating activity in rat cerebral cortex was studied. The activity showed
      a high degree of association to nerve endings (either crude or purified by
      discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation). After osmotic shock of
      the nerve endings, the activity was largely membrane associated and could not be
      released from membranes by freeze-thawing, dilution, 75 mM NaCl or 4 mM EDTA. The
      association of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain phosphorylating
      activity with synaptosomal membranes suggests a role for calcium-dependent myosin
      phosphorylation in events relating to neurotransmission.

PMID- 4045549
TI  - Calcium/phosphatidylserine/diacylglycerol-dependent protein phosphorylation in
      the Aplysia nervous system.
AB  - It has been shown that intracellular injection of protein kinase C
      (calcium/phosphatidylserine/diacylglycerol-dependent protein kinase), purified
      from mammalian brain, or application of the tumor-promoting phorbol diester, 12-O
      tetradecanoyl-13-phorbol acetate (TPA), leads to an enhancement of calcium
      currents in the bag cell neurons of Aplysia. We now present evidence of an
      endogenous enzyme in bag cell neurons which is activated by TPA and which has
      properties similar to those of mammalian protein kinase C.
      Calcium/phosphatidylserine/diacylglycerol-dependent protein kinase activity was
      found in both cytosolic and particulate fractions prepared from isolated clusters
      of bag cell neurons. This endogenous enzyme phosphorylated an 87,000-dalton
      protein from bovine brain, which appears to be a specific substrate for protein
      kinase C, as well as several substrates present in cytosolic fractions prepared
      from isolated bag cell clusters. Similar results were obtained using preparations
      made from pooled head ganglia from Aplysia. The pharmacological properties of the
      calcium/phosphatidylserine/diacylglycerol-dependent protein kinase activity in
      the Aplysia nervous system were similar to those of protein kinase C from
      mammalian tissues. Thus, the same group of endogenous substrate proteins were
      phosphorylated when diacylglycerol was replaced by TPA in cytosolic fractions
      prepared from isolated bag cell clusters. Non-tumor-promoting phorbols (4-alpha
      phorbol, 4-alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate, and 4-O-methyl-12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) did not stimulate protein phosphorylation in
      these preparations. Phosphorylation by the Aplysia
      calcium/phosphatidylserine/diacylglycerol-dependent protein kinase was inhibited
      by polymixin B sulfate, by calmodulin, and by the "calmodulin antagonists"
      trifluoperazine, calmidazolium and W7.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045550
TI  - Neural, mechanical, and geometric factors subserving arm posture in humans.
AB  - When the hand is displaced from an equilibrium posture by an external
      disturbance, a force is generated to restore the original position. We developed
      a new experimental method to measure and represent the field of elastic forces
      associated with posture of the hand in the horizontal plane. While subjects
      maintained a given posture, small displacements of the hand along different
      directions were delivered by torque motors. The hand was held in the displaced
      positions and, at that time, we measured the corresponding restoring forces
      before the onset of any voluntary reaction. The stiffness in the vicinity of the
      hand equilibrium position was estimated by analyzing the force and displacement
      vectors. We chose to represent the stiffness both numerically, as a matrix, and
      graphically, as an ellipse characterized by three parameters: magnitude (the
      area), shape (the ratio of axis) and orientation (direction of the major axis).
      The latter representation captures the main geometrical features of the elastic
      force field associated with posture. We also evaluated the conservative and
      nonconservative components of this elastic force field. We found that the former
      were much larger than the latter and concluded that the behavior of the
      neuromuscular system of the multiarticular arm is predominantly spring-like. Our
      data indicated that the shape and orientation of the stiffness were invariant
      over subjects and over time. We also investigated the ability of our subjects to
      produce voluntary and adaptive changes in the stiffness. Our findings indicated
      that, when a disturbance acting along a fixed and predictable direction was
      imposed, the magnitude of the stiffness was increased but only minor changes in
      shape and orientation occurred. Taken together, all of these experiments
      represent a step toward the understanding of the interactions between geometrical
      and neural factors involved in maintaining hand posture and its interactions with
      the environment.

PMID- 4045551
TI  - The effects of cholecystokinin on the in vivo release of newly synthesized
      [3H]dopamine from the nucleus accumbens of the rat.
AB  - It has been reported that in the medial nucleus accumbens (NAc) there are nerve
      terminals which contain either the neuropeptide cholecystokinin (CCK) or the
      catecholamine dopamine (DA), as well as terminals which contain both. In this
      study, we have examined the action of CCK-peptides on the basal and potassium
      evoked release of [3H]DA within this structure. The in vivo release of [3H]DA,
      newly synthesized from [3H]tyrosine, was measured by using the push-pull cannula
      perfusion technique. It appeared that a large percentage of the [3H]DA released
      under resting conditions was dependent upon nerve impulse activity as it was
      found that tetrodotoxin, absence of extracellular Ca2+, and the inhibition of DA
      synthesis by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine all decreased [3H]DA release by more than
      50%. In addition, the potassium-evoked release of [3H]DA was found to be almost
      completely dependent upon extracellular Ca2+. When sulfated CCK-octapeptide was
      administered into the NAc, it was found to increase the basal levels of [3H]DA
      released at concentrations of 2 X 10(-8) and 2 X 10(-7) M. However, at 2 X 10(-6)
      M there was no longer an effect by this peptide. The unsulfated form was found to
      have no effect at a concentration which was maximally effective for the sulfated
      form. In contrast to its effects on the basal release of [3H]DA, sulfated CCK
      octapeptide was found to attenuate the potassium-evoked release of [3H]DA from
      the NAc in a concentration-dependent fashion from 2 X 10(-9) to 2 X 10(-6) M. The
      unsulfated form of the octapeptide had no effect on evoked release. Our results
      suggest that CCK acts to modulate the release of DA within the NAc in vivo in a
      complex manner, as it appears that the action of CCK depends not only on the
      concentration tested but also on the excitation state of the tissue during the
      testing period.

PMID- 4045552
TI  - Neural regulation of the circadian vasopressin rhythm in cerebrospinal fluid: a
      pre-eminent role for the suprachiasmatic nuclei.
AB  - The neuroanatomical system responsible for the generation and expression of the
      circadian vasopressin rhythm in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is investigated. CSF
      was serially withdrawn in individual, unanesthetized, unrestrained rats after
      neuroendocrine extirpations or stereotaxic brain lesions were made; the peptide
      was assayed using a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay. Hypophysectomy or
      pinealectomy did not eliminate vasopressin from CSF; both day and night-time
      peptide levels in hypophysectomized rats were elevated above control levels.
      Complete lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) abolished both the rhythm
      and in most cases the measurable level of peptide in CSF. Neither lesions of the
      paraventricular nuclei nor hypothalamic knife cuts interrupting most neural
      efferents from the SCN had this effect; in these cases, vasopressin rhythms
      persisted with diminished amplitude. Our results suggest that the circadian CSF
      vasopressin rhythm is produced by a neural system topographically separate from
      the classical magnocellular hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system for the secretion
      of peptide into blood. The SCN are an important component of this new system and
      are necessary for the generation of the CSF rhythm.

PMID- 4045553
TI  - Quantitative morphology and regional and laminar distributions of senile plaques
      in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Senile (neuritic) plaques are one of the two major neuropathologic hallmarks of
      Alzheimer's disease. Despite their obvious importance (e.g., they are
      significantly correlated with severity of dementia), there is little present
      information about their etiology, the specific neuronal elements that form them,
      or a quantitative definition of where in cortex they occur. We have sought clues
      to these issues by quantifying regional and laminar distributions of neocortical
      plaques and setting these data against the present wealth of information on
      neocortical cytoarchitecture and neurotransmitter-specific circuitry. Senile
      plaques are significantly more numerous in associative regions of neocortex than
      in sensory areas and are significantly more numerous in cortical laminae
      dominated by their role in corticocortical, associative relations. Plaques are
      also largest in those laminae characterized by large pyramidal cells subserving
      input/output functions. The quantitative distribution of senile plaques in
      Alzheimer's disease does not necessarily correspond to innervation patterns for
      any known subcortical afferent system. This, coupled with the finding that
      several different neurotransmitters can be immunocytochemically co-localized with
      plaques, casts doubts on a primary role of cholinergic deterioration in plaque
      etiology, and opens the possibility that neocortical senile plaques may derive
      from pathologic events initiated in the neocortex.

PMID- 4045554
TI  - Neurotrophic activity in the adult rat hippocampal formation: regional
      distribution and increase after septal lesion.
AB  - Conditioned medium prepared from slices of the rat hippocampal formation contains
      an agent that shares the following properties with nerve growth factor (NGF): it
      promotes neurite growth from embryonic sympathetic ganglia in vitro; and it is
      inhibited by affinity-purified antibody against mouse submaxillary gland 2.5 S
      NGF. The NGF-like growth-promoting activity is regionally distributed within the
      hippocampal formation: the activity is consistently higher in the dentate gyrus
      CA3 region than in the CA1 region. Furthermore, the level of activity is
      significantly increased within 1 week after a medial septal lesion, and, in the
      dentate-CA3 region, the increased level of activity is maintained for at least 4
      weeks after the lesion. Control lesions that fail to interrupt the
      septohippocampal innervation, but cause equally extensive damage to nearby
      regions of the central nervous system, do not cause increased levels of activity
      in the hippocampal formation. These results provide substantial evidence linking
      the NGF-like agent in hippocampal conditioned medium to the sprouting of
      sympathetic axons into the dentate gyrus-CA3 region of the hippocampal formation
      after a medial septal lesion in vivo.

PMID- 4045555
TI  - Cholecystokinin cholescintigraphic findings in the cystic duct syndrome.
AB  - Fourteen patients with a cystic duct syndrome (CDS) underwent cholecystokinin
      (CCK) cholescintigraphy. All patients presented with persistent postprandial
      right upper quadrant pain and biliary colic. None of the patients had an abnormal
      oral cholecystography, gallbladder (GB) ultrasound exam or upper GI series. Each
      patient (NPO after 12 a.m.) received 5 mCi of technetium-99m disofenin. When the
      GB maximally filled, 0.02 microgram/kg CCK was administered (3 min)
      intravenously. Background corrected gallbladder ejection fractions (GBEFs) were
      determined every 5 min X 4 by rationing the pre-CCK GB counts minus post-CCK GB
      counts to pre-CCK GB counts. GBEFs were: 12% (3 patients), 17% (2), 0%, 1.3%, 3%,
      4%, 6%, 11%, 14%, 18.5%, and 22% (1 each). All patients underwent a surgical
      exploration and all had macro- or microscopically abnormal cystic ducts (five
      fibrotic, seven elongated and narrow, two kinked) with (12 patients) or without
      (2 patients) concomitant chronic cholecystitis. No patient with a partially
      occluded cystic duct with or without concomitant chronic cholecystitis had an
      ejection fraction that exceeded 22%. In an appropriate clinical setting, a low EF
      response to CCK should alert the physician to the presence of either chronic
      acalculous cholecystitis, CDS, or the combination of both.

PMID- 4045556
TI  - Technetium-99m APD compared with technetium-99m MDP as a bone scanning agent.
AB  - We have investigated the possibilities of technetium-99m-(-3
      aminohydroxypropylidene)-1-1-bisphosphon ate ([99mTc]APD) as a bone scanning
      agent in 14 normal subjects and 28 patients. Similar studies in the same normal
      subjects and patients were carried out with 99mTc-methylene-bisphosphonate
      ([99mTc]MDP). The compounds were labeled with 99mTc by means of an electrolytical
      method; the free pertechnetate content was always under 1%. The [99mTc]APD T1/2
      of the third component of the disappearance plasma curve in six normal subjects
      was 152 +/- 46 min (mean +/- s.d.), while the 24-hr whole-body retention (WBR)
      was 17.6% +/- 4.6. The [99mTc]MDP value of the 24-hr WBR was 28.6% +/- 3.9 (p
      less than 0.001). The bone/soft-tissue ratio (B/ST) was investigated in eight
      control subjects on the eleventh thoracic and the fourth lumbar vertebrae. The
      B/ST ratios were similar for both APD and MDP studies. In 28 patients with
      suspected bone metastasis or primary bone disease, bone scintigraphy was carried
      out; both compounds showed similar findings and the same number of positive
      results. In five of these patients, the lesion/normal bone ratio was determined
      with values of 4.6 +/- 2.0 in APD studies and 4.8 +/- 2.3 with MDP. APD was also
      used in 126 patients; no adverse reactions were observed. The APD dose used i.v.
      for bone scanning was 200-fold less than those employed by mouth per day, for the
      treatment of bone disease for long periods. In our experience, APD appears to be
      an adequate agent for bone scintigraphy.

PMID- 4045557
TI  - Clinical significance of solitary rib lesions in patients with extraskeletal
      malignancy.
AB  - A retrospective review of 2,851 bone scans done at a cancer center over a period
      of 4 yr revealed 41 patients having a single abnormality in a rib as their first
      abnormal scintigraphic finding. The scan findings in these cases were correlated
      with clinical, scintigraphic, and radiographic follow-up to ascertain their
      etiology and course. Four lesions (9.8%) were due to malignant disease, 16 (39%)
      were associated with benign fractures demonstrated on x-ray, 11 (27%) were
      associated with primary or postoperative radiation therapy. The remaining ten
      patients (24.2%) with normal x-rays and no association with radiation therapy or
      subsequent development of metastasis were assigned to benign etiology. This
      experience suggests that solitary rib lesions in cancer patients are uncommon and
      are most frequently (90%) associated with benign etiology.

PMID- 4045558
TI  - Small calvarial bone scan foci--normal variations.
AB  - In a series of 3,000 bone scans reviewed retrospectively 21 (0.7%) small
      calvarial foci were observed. Seventeen of these lesions were found along skull
      suture lines. No evidence for metastatic disease could be found. Skull
      radiographs were normal and follow-up bone scans demonstrated no change in the
      size or location of the lesion. These intense calvarial foci are thought to
      represent normal variations; among the possibilities are subradiographic
      cartilaginous rests, sutural foramina, or enlarged Pacchionian granulations.

PMID- 4045559
TI  - Functional asplenia in malignant mastocytosis.
AB  - A 47-yr-old man with malignant mastocytosis, a malignant neoplasia of mast cells,
      presented with anemia. Ultrasonography revealed an enlarged spleen. A liver
      spleen scan using [99mTc]sulfur colloid failed to show any splenic uptake
      consistent with the diagnosis of functional asplenia. Functional asplenia related
      to this condition has not been reported previously. Since the spleen was heavily
      infiltrated with space occupying mast cells, a mass displacing effect along with
      impaired perfusion are discussed as underlying mechanism.

PMID- 4045560
TI  - Technetium-99m galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin: preparation and preclinical studies.
AB  - Technetium-99m galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin ([Tc] NGA), a labeled analog ligand to
      the hepatocyte-specific receptor, hepatic binding protein (HBP), was prepared and
      tested for labeling yield, stability, biodistribution, toxicity, and dosimetry.
      The ligand was synthesized by the covalent coupling of a carbohydrate
      bifunctional reagent, 2-imino-2-ethyloxymethyl-1-thiogalactose, to human serum
      albumin. Testing in mice and rabbits revealed the product to be nontoxic and
      apyrogenic. Technetium labeling yields in excess of 95%, by the electrolytic
      method, did not alter the molecular weight profile of the neoglycoalbumin. The
      NGA-bound activity remained stable for at least 4 hr. Biodistribution studies in
      rabbits demonstrated the liver as the single focus of tracer uptake. Dosimetry
      was based on kinetic studies in three baboons. Absorbed doses to liver, small
      intestine, urinary bladder wall, and uterus were 0.089, 0.28, 0.56, and 0.88
      rad/mCi, respectively. Total body, lens of the eye, red marrow, ovaries, and
      testes were less than 0.06 rad/mCi. High liver specificity imparted by receptor
      binding combined with high labeling yield, stability, acceptable dosimetry, and
      safety provide [Tc]NGA with the attributes required for routine clinical
      assessment of hepatocyte function.

PMID- 4045561
TI  - Effect of altered thyroid status on the transport of hepatobiliary
      radiopharmaceuticals.
AB  - The effect of induced hypothyroidism (by feeding an antithyroid drug
      propylthiouracil) on the transport and clearance of the routinely used
      hepatobiliary radiopharmaceuticals--radioiodinated iodine-131 (131I) rose bengal
      and technetium-99m-N-(4-n-butylphenylcarbamoylmethyl) iminodiacetate, was studied
      in the rats. Hypothyroidism was associated with depressed growth and retarded
      clearance of these radiotracers from the in vivo system. Treatment of the
      hypothyroid rats with thyroxine (2-5 micrograms/100 g b.w. day) for 6 wk,
      restored these parameters towards normal values. These data suggest that delayed
      clearance of these hepatobiliary tracers could be related to reduced metabolic
      rate accompanied with the hypotonia and hypomotility of intestine normally
      observed in the hypothyroid state.

PMID- 4045562
TI  - Melanoma localization in nude mice with monoclonal Fab against p97.
AB  - The tumor targeting capacity of monoclonal antibody Fab fragments was explored in
      nude mice bearing human melanoma xenografts. Radioiodinated Fab 8.2 and 96.5,
      specific for melanoma-associated antigen p97, were tested in vitro for
      immunoreactivity and in vivo for tumor localization relative to a co-administered
      control, Fab 1.4. Fab was cleared rapidly from the blood with a T1/2 of 3-3.5 hr
      and greater than 90% of the injected radioactivity was excreted by 16 hr. The
      mean specific Fab in tumor reached a maximum of 3.5% injected dose/g at 4 hr and
      decreased to 1.5% at 16 hr. Over the same period, the ratio of specific/control
      Fab in tumor normalized to blood, the localization index, rose from 3 to 25
      compared with ratios near unity for all other tissues. The concentration of
      specific Fab in tumor could be correlated to the amount of Fab protein
      administered as well as its immunoreactivity.

PMID- 4045563
TI  - Is stability a key parameter in the accumulation of phospholipid vesicles in
      tumors?
AB  - Phospholipid vesicle (liposome) stability in human plasma was determined using
      perturbed angular correlation (PAC) with 111In as the aqueous phase marker. Using
      compositions given in earlier tumor imaging studies, liposomes were made with
      either egg lecithin (EL) or distearoyl phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) as the dominant
      phospholipid. With fresh human plasma at 37 degrees C. EL vesicles lysed much
      more rapidly with survival half times being 7 hr at 6.7 mg lipid/ml plasma. DSPC
      liposomes had a half-time of 130 hr independent of lipid concentration. No lysis
      occurred with plasma previously stored for 1 wk at 5 degrees C. The addition of
      143 USP units of heparin per 4.5 ml sample decreased both half-times by two
      orders of magnitude. We conclude that EL vesicles exhibit plasma survival times
      much shorter than those found with DSPC liposomes; this may preclude the former
      agents from having significant tumor accumulation in vivo.

PMID- 4045564
TI  - Gastric emptying measurements: delayed and complex emptying patterns without
      appropriate correction.
AB  - Anteriorly acquired and geometric mean corrected gastric emptying curves of
      solids and liquid isotopic-labeled meals were compared in 37 subjects given 61
      meals of three different sizes. Anterior data alone consistently and
      significantly underestimated solid-phase gastric emptying rates with all meal
      sizes when compared to geometric mean acquired data. However, with liquids there
      were only slight differences between anterior and anterior and posterior
      geometric mean corrected emptying-rates. The difference probably reflects greater
      attenuation of the 140 kev photon of 99mTc compared to the 247 keV photon of
      111In. With anterior data alone, an apparent early delay in emptying of solids
      was present with all meal sizes and the resultant emptying curves were nonlinear
      in shape. Geometric mean correction resulted in the linearization of the solid
      phase emptying curves and essentially eliminated the apparent delay in emptying
      or lag phase noted with the anterior data alone. Based on our results, geometric
      mean correction techniques are necessary for accurate assessment of radioisotopic
      labeled solid meals.

PMID- 4045565
TI  - The clinical value of direct tumor scintigraphy: a new hypothesis.

PMID- 4045566
TI  - Residual splenic function at 26 years following radiation therapy.

PMID- 4045567
TI  - Krypton-81m imaging of the right ventricle.

PMID- 4045568
TI  - Incorporation of 14C into tissue lipids after oral administration of [1
      14C]linoleic acid in rats fed different levels of essential fatty acids.
AB  - Rats from an inbred Sprague-Dawley strain were fed purified diets with a low
      (0.3% of the total energy), normal (3%) or high (10%) content of essential fatty
      acids (EFA) for several generations. Thirty- to 34-d-old male rats of at least
      the sixth generation to be fed these diets were given a single intragastric dose
      of [1-14C]linoleic acid in olive oil, and the respiratory CO2, urine and feces
      were collected for 20 h. The 14C activity was determined in the respiratory CO2,
      urine and feces as well as in total lipids and lipid classes of the whole animal
      and in nine tissue groups. The content of total lipids and lipid classes was
      similar in all groups. The rats in the low EFA group retained significantly more
      radioactivity (51%) in the tissues than the rats fed the normal EFA (34%) or the
      high EFA (27%) diets. In all groups most of the radioactivity was found in the
      skeletal muscles, skin, liver and white fat, but the retention was greater in the
      low EFA group than in the other groups, except in the white and brown fat. In the
      carcass and most tissues, the proportion of the retained 14C activity recovered
      in the phospholipids increased with decreasing EFA level in the diet, whereas in
      the triglycerides the opposite was found. Expressed as percent of administered
      dose, the total retention of radioactivity in the phospholipids was 31, 13 and 8%
      in the low, normal and high EFA group, respectively, while the retention in the
      triglycerides was about the same in all groups (17-18%).

PMID- 4045569
TI  - Chronic food restriction modulates the advance of senescence in the senescence
      accelerated mouse (SAM).
AB  - The effects of chronic food restriction on grading scores of senescence,
      deposition of senile amyloid (ASSAM), mean life span and 10th decile were
      investigated by using animal models for accelerated senescence (SAM-P/1) and for
      normal aging (SAM-R/1). The experimental groups consisted of control (ad libitum
      fed), 80% (fed 80% of control intake), and 60% (fed 60% of control intake)
      groups. The grading score of SAM-P/1 mice was significantly improved in the 60%
      group, but not in the 80% group, compared to the control group. The grading score
      of SAM-R/1 mice, however, was significantly less than that in the control group
      in both the 60 and 80% groups. In SAM-P/1 mice liver, skin and testis, the
      severity of senile amyloid deposition was significantly less with 40% food
      restriction (60% group) than in the control group. A restriction of 20% (80%
      group) had no influence on amyloid deposition. A definite tendency to prolong
      mean life span (24.3%) and 10th decile (65.9%, mean life span of the last 10th of
      survivors of a group) was observed in the 60% group of SAM-P/1 mice, but the
      changes were not statistically significant. In the 80% group of SAM-P/1 mice and
      also in either restriction group of SAM-R/1 mice, however, such a tendency was
      not evident. These results indicate that 40% food restriction modulates the
      advance of senescence in these mice.

PMID- 4045570
TI  - Zinc utilization in young men fed adequate and low zinc intakes.
AB  - Zinc absorption and balances were measured in six young men who were confined
      while participating in a 75-d metabolic study. A diet of conventional food
      providing either 16.5 or 5.5 mg Zn/d was fed. Apparent absorption of zinc was
      calculated from the zinc balance data and from the absorption of a zinc stable
      isotope added to the diet. The apparent zinc absorption calculated from the
      isotope data was about 25% when 16.5 mg zinc was fed; it increased to about 53
      and 49% after 13 and 42 d, respectively, when 5.5 mg zinc was fed. Total zinc
      absorption fell from 4.1 mg/d to 2.7-2.9 mg/d during the low zinc period,
      however. This zinc absorption was sufficient to maintain crude zinc balances in
      five of the six subjects. Neither serum nor urinary zinc levels changed
      significantly during the period of feeding low levels of zinc. It appears that
      zinc absorption readily responds to changes in dietary zinc and that an intake of
      5.5 mg Zn/d for about 8 wk does not cause serum or urinary zinc level to fall.

PMID- 4045571
TI  - Effects of dietary sodium and chloride on growth, efficiency of feed utilization,
      plasma electrolytes and plasma basic amino acids in young pigs.
AB  - The metabolic and physiological consequences of three dietary levels of sodium
      (0.02, 0.11 and 0.18%) and chloride (0.10, 0.22 and 0.33%) were investigated.
      Corn, soybean meal and corn-gluten meal diets were formulated with varying levels
      of sodium and chloride. Pigs fed 0.02% sodium gained slower and less efficiently
      than pigs fed higher levels of sodium. Blood pH was not affected by either
      dietary sodium or chloride. Linear (P less than 0.01) increases in HCO3, base
      excess (BE) and plasma sodium were observed when dietary sodium increased.
      hemoglobin, plasma potassium, urea nitrogen, ornithine, lysine and total basic
      amino acids decreased linearly as dietary sodium increased. Blood hematocrit
      decreased curvilinearly (P less than 0.05) with increasing dietary sodium. In
      addition, increasing dietary chloride linearly increased plasma potassium and
      decreased blood HCO3 and BE. A curvilinear response to dietary chloride was
      observed for hemoglobin. Dietary sodium influenced pigs' growth and feed
      utilization as well as plasma electrolytes and basic amino acids. Although
      dietary chloride did influence plasma potassium and the buffering capacity of the
      blood, it had no effect on the rate and efficiency of weight gain of the pigs.

PMID- 4045572
TI  - Review of spirometric tracings.

PMID- 4045573
TI  - U.K. Luminizer Survey misrepresented.

PMID- 4045574
TI  - Assessing exposure to dinitrotoluene using a biological monitor.
AB  - Exposure of workers to dinitrotoluene (DNT) was evaluated at a DNT manufacturing
      plant. Urine was collected over 72 hours; work diaries were prepared dialy;
      breathing zone air was sampled; and skin and environmental surfaces were wiped.
      Chemical analysis was performed using gas chromatography or gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry. Proportions of urinary DNT and metabolites
      deviated substantially from those reported in rats exposed to 2,4-DNT; but as
      with rats, females appeared to excrete considerably more dinitrobenzyl
      glucuronide. Between persons on any one day and within persons on different days,
      considerable variation existed in the proportions of metabolites excreted. The
      peak rate of excretion was likely to occur toward the end of a work shift or
      shortly afterward. Most urinary metabolites related to exposure during an eight
      hour shift had been excreted by the start of work the following day. Estimates of
      the maximum one-day exposure incurred by a participant in this study ranged from
      0.24 to 1.00 mg of technical-grade DNT per kilogram of body weight. A large
      proportion of the DNT absorbed by DNT operators and loaders, it is suggested, may
      have entered through the skin or the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 4045575
TI  - Spirometry reference values for nonexposed blue-collar workers.
AB  - Epidemiologic research into occupationally related lung disease often requires
      the comparison of a study population with an external reference group. To
      establish such a reference group, carefully selected blue-collar workers who had
      no obvious adverse occupational pulmonary exposure performed simple spirometry,
      were administered a standard questionnaire, and had standard chest roentgenograms
      taken. Prediction equations were established for six pulmonary function indices,
      and a method is given for using these equations to compare a study group with
      this external nonexposed group. Asymptomatic nonsmokers with negative
      roentgenograms were extracted from the overall group, and comparison with
      published data for other such normal groups indicated that the present group is
      similar to most of them, indicating that there are no serious biases in the
      present group.

PMID- 4045576
TI  - Clinical decision analysis in occupational medicine. Choosing the optimal FEV1
      criterion for diagnosing occupational asthma.
AB  - Clinical decision analysis techniques may be particularly valuable in
      occupational medicine. A simple decision analysis model for choosing the "best"
      criterion for change in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) for diagnosing
      occupational asthma is presented. Unlike the traditional statistical approach to
      selecting criterion values, it considers more of the factors that affect clinical
      decision making, including the value of possible outcomes. This also illustrates
      the effect of alternate administrative goals such as maximizing benefit to the
      individual, minimizing cost, or optimizing the cost-benefit ratio.

PMID- 4045577
TI  - Leukemia risk among U.S. white male coal miners. A case-control study.
AB  - The relevance of occupational exposure to electrical and magnetic fields (EMF) in
      the etiology of leukemia has been raised in several studies. Underground coal
      miners represent an occupational group with situationally determined EMF
      exposure, as high-voltage power distribution lines are strung overhead in the
      mines and converters and step-down transformers provide power to mining
      equipment. Risk in occupational exposure to EMF was examined in a case-control
      study of 40 leukemia decedents and 160 control subjects who died of causes other
      than cancer or accident and who were matched on age at death. The control
      subjects were selected from a group of 6,066 persons whose deaths were reported
      in four National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health cohort mortality
      follow-up studies. Based on these data, 25 or more years of underground mining, a
      surrogate of EMF exposure, was found to pose a statistically significant risk for
      leukemia (International Classification of Diseases [ICD] codes 204 through 207,
      eighth revision), myelogenous leukemia (ICD 205), and chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia (CLL) (ICD 204.1). Accumulative exposure to chemical agents probably
      poses a risk for acute myelogenous leukemia, although this relationship fell
      short of being statistically significant. Although CLL has not previously been
      attributed to environmental agents, these data suggest a possible CLL risk from
      prolonged exposure to EMF.

PMID- 4045578
TI  - Petroleum-related employment and renal cell cancer.
AB  - The risk of renal cell cancer among those in occupations with potential for
      petroleum exposure was evaluated in a large population-based case-control study.
      Overall there was little difference between the cases and control groups in the
      proportion of persons with petroleum-related employment (odds ratio = 1.0). Among
      gasoline station attendants, a slight upward trend in risk was observed with
      increasing duration of employment. The significance of this association is not
      clear, but further research is needed in light of recent animal findings linking
      gasoline exposure to renal cancer.

PMID- 4045579
TI  - Effect of quantization noise on visual signal detection in noisy images.
AB  - Data inaccuracy due to amplitude quantization in digital imaging systems can be
      viewed as a form of random noise. The effect of this noise is to reduce the
      accuracy of decisions based on image data. Experimental results are presented to
      demonstrate the reduction in human-observer decision accuracy due to quantization
      noise in addition to white Gaussian noise. There is a significant reduction when
      the ratio Q/sigma p is greater than unity, where Q is the quantization-step
      amplitude and sigma p is the standard deviation per pixel of the uncorrelated
      image noise.

PMID- 4045580
TI  - Detection and identification: how are they related?
AB  - Detection and identification are described as using the same base of sensory
      information but applying different decision processes. Consistent with this view,
      there is no evidence of different sensory cutoffs for the two tasks, and
      accuracies in the two tasks vary as a function of stimulus strength in closely
      related fashion. Identification accuracy also depends on the extent to which
      stimuli are processed independently, and the quantitative relationship between
      identification and detection can be used to estimate the degree of independence.

PMID- 4045581
TI  - Detection and identification of near-threshold visual patterns.
AB  - For a number of visual dimensions--spatial frequency, orientation, spatial
      position, and direction of motion (at velocities higher than 1 or 2 deg/sec)-
      experimental results at near-threshold contrasts can be explained by assuming
      that multiple mechanisms selectively sensitive along that dimension exist and
      have labeled outputs. For the temporal-position dimension, analogous experimental
      results can be explained by assuming that each mechanism's output at a particular
      time depends only on the recent past and is labeled. For the eye-of-origin
      dimension, however, although the evidence suggests selectively sensitive
      mechanisms (at least at some spatial and temporal frequencies), these mechanisms
      seem not to have labeled outputs. For the temporal-frequency dimension (at any
      fixed spatial frequency), evidence suggests that there are not narrowly tuned
      mechanisms although there may be very broadly tuned ones.

PMID- 4045582
TI  - Ideal discriminators in spatial vision: two-point stimuli.
AB  - An earlier paper [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1, 775 (1984)] described a general ideal
      discriminator (a Stimuli-Defined-Exactly observer) whose sensitivity is limited
      only by the initial sequence of mechanisms in the visual system--the optics of
      the eye, the receptor lattice, receptor optics, and photopigment spectral
      sensitivities. In the present paper, further properties of the model are derived,
      and a similar model (a Stimuli-Defined-Statistically observer) is developed for
      conditions with stimulus uncertainty. To test the predictions of the models, two
      point intensity discrimination, resolution, and separation discrimination were
      measured as a function of point-source energy and background luminance. Three
      important differences between resolution and separation discrimination were
      found: (1) At moderate to high intensity levels, separation threshold is much
      smaller than resolution threshold. (2) At low intensity levels, resolution
      threshold is smaller than separation threshold. (3) Separation threshold
      decreases more rapidly than resolution threshold as a function of intensity. All
      three properties were predicted by the models. However, as expected, the
      quantitative fits are not accurate. The value of the models is that they allow
      one to determine, for almost arbitrary visual-discrimination tasks, what aspects
      of performance are accounted for by preneural factors. Furthermore, the models
      provide a precise metric of the discrimination information available at the
      receptors. This permits meaningful comparison of human performance across
      different tasks.

PMID- 4045583
TI  - Visual signal detection. III. On Bayesian use of prior knowledge and cross
      correlation.
AB  - Experimental results are presented demonstrating that humans can make effective
      use of prior knowledge for detecting and identifying visual signals in static
      noise. The signals were selected from an orthogonal Hadamard set. There was a
      marked drop in detection performance when observers did not know which signal was
      present. The drop was in excellent quantitative agreement with that predicted by
      the theory of signal detectability. The statistical efficiency of the human
      observers was 33% in both cases (detection with and without prior knowledge).
      When interpreted in terms of channel uncertainty, the detection results
      demonstrated an upper limit of 10 orthogonal, uncertain channels. The statistical
      efficiency for the Hadamard signal-identification task was 40%. All the results
      are consistent with the standard theory of signal detectability based on a
      Bayesian maximum a posteriori probability decision strategy using cross
      correlation (or matched filtering) of expected signal profiles with those present
      in the display.

PMID- 4045584
TI  - Uncertainty explains many aspects of visual contrast detection and
      discrimination.
AB  - More than 20 years ago, Tanner [Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 89, 752 (1961)] noted that
      observers asked to detect a signal act as though they are uncertain about the
      physical characteristics of the signal to be detected. The popular assumptions of
      probability summation and decision variable, taken together, imply this
      uncertainty. This paper defines and uncertainty model of visual detection that
      assumes that the observer is uncertain among many signals and chooses the
      likeliest. With only four parameters, the uncertainty model explains why d' is
      approximately a power function of contrast ("nonlinear transduction") and
      accurately predicts effects of summation, facilitation, noise, subjective
      criterion, and task for near-threshold contrast. Thus the uncertainty model
      offers a synthesis of much of our current understanding of visual contrast
      detection and discrimination.

PMID- 4045585
TI  - Simultaneous measurement of spatial-frequency summation and uncertainty effects.
AB  - The predictions for summation and uncertainty effects from several multiple
      spatial-frequency-channels models were calculated. The models differed in their
      assumptions about the shape of the channels' underlying probability-density
      functions and in the decision rule used to combine the channels' outputs. Varying
      these assumptions resulted in quite different predictions about the magnitudes of
      these effects. Simultaneous summation and uncertainty experiments measured the
      detectability of gratings containing one (simple) or two (compound) spatial
      frequencies. Performance was assessed in two types of blocks of trials: either
      each stimulus was in a separate block or three stimuli (two simple gratings and
      their compound) were randomly intermixed in one block. Quantitative comparisons
      of the models with the data showed that the increasing-variance Gaussian models
      (in which the decision variable is the sum of the monitored channels' outputs)
      provided the best overall fit.

PMID- 4045586
TI  - Detection and recognition of visual targets.
AB  - To aid the development of detection-based interpretations of visual resolution,
      we evaluated theorems that (1) relate observers' performance in detection of a
      single target to that in 1-of-m signal detection and (2) predict recognition
      performance from measured performance at 1-of-m detection. These theorems require
      that the sensory effects of the stimuli be continuous and that the m signals be
      equally detectable and mutually orthogonal. To evaluate the theorems, we tested
      observers in simple detection, 1-of-m detection, and recognition of Landolt C
      targets and compared predicted and observed performance. Predictions of 1-of-m
      detection performance from that for simple detection and predictions of
      recognition from the 1-of-m receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were both
      accurate to within 0.03 in P(A). In addition, predictions of recognition based on
      the 1-of-m ROC predicted from simple detection were generally accurate. Thus,
      under restricted experimental conditions, recognition is determined completely by
      that for simple detection.

PMID- 4045587
TI  - Interactions between spatially tuned mechanisms: converging evidence.
AB  - Detection and identification performance is measured for four pairs of sinusoidal
      gratings that differ in spatial-frequency separation. A modified two-alternative
      forced-choice procedure (2 X 2) is used to measure performance on both tasks
      simultaneously. The results provide new evidence for the existence of
      interactions between tuned mechanisms that respond to widely separated
      frequencies. A method to compare data obtained in the 2 X 2 method quantitatively
      with both single- and double-response rating data is developed and used to
      compare the current data with previous rating results. The magnitudes of
      interactions isolated by the three procedures agree closely.

PMID- 4045588
TI  - Double-judgment psychophysics: problems and solutions.
AB  - Many paradigms for comparing identification thresholds with detection thresholds
      require the observer to make double judgments. We show that these paradigms can
      produce misleading results because of response biases and attentional shifts. For
      example, the subject's response bias plus correlated noise can mimic inhibition
      between channels. Some of these same problems can affect single-judgment
      paradigms. A detailed analysis of the double-judgment forced-choice paradigm
      reveals that there are a multiplicity of optimal strategies, some of which
      enhance identification over detection. Several improved analysis techniques for
      minimizing the effects of cognitive factors are proposed for both the double
      judgment forced-choice paradigm and the double-judgment rating-scale paradigm. A
      classification scheme for distinguishing different types of interactions and
      correlations is developed. When the new rating-scale algorithm is applied to the
      detection of well-separated spatial frequencies, substantial masking but
      negligible inhibition is found. The rating-scale paradigm is shown to be useful
      in revealing not only the sensitivity and the interactions of the underlying
      mechanisms but also the observer's information-processing strategies.

PMID- 4045589
TI  - Effect of static-noise and grating masks on detection and identification of
      grating targets.
AB  - Ability to detect grating targets and to distinguish between gratings of
      different spatial frequencies was measured in the presence of static-noise masks
      and grating masks. Static noise reduces detection and identification in similar
      fashion, although the effect on detection is greater under some conditions.
      Grating masks alter identification more than detection, but the effect on
      identification is reduced when distinctive beat patterns are present to aid
      identification.

PMID- 4045590
TI  - Spatial-frequency masking and Birdsall's theorem.
AB  - We measured the masking of a spatial 4-cycle/deg sinusoid in the presence of both
      random and sinusoidal masks. Subjects used a variety of detection strategies,
      depending on psychophysical technique and familiarity with the mask. Some
      strategies produce Weber's-law behavior and appear formally equivalent to
      identification tasks; we hypothesize that these exemplify the operation of
      Birdsall's theorem. Other strategies produce power-law behavior and are more like
      the simpler detection task. Our results suggest that criterion change (commonly
      uncontrolled in masking studies) can produce an unacceptably large bias in the
      results.

PMID- 4045591
TI  - Application of a computable model of human spatial vision to phase
      discrimination.
AB  - We have used a computable model of human spatial vision to make predictions for
      phase-discrimination experiments. This model is being developed to deal with a
      broad range of problems in vision and was not specifically formulated to deal
      with phase discrimination. In the model, cross correlation of the stimuli with an
      array of sensors produces feature vectors that are operated on by a position
      uncertain ideal observer to simulate detection and discrimination experiments. In
      this report the stimuli are compound sinusoidal gratings composed of a
      fundamental and a higher-frequency component added in various phases. We compare
      model predictions with three key results from the literature: the effect of the
      contrast of the fundamental on phase discrimination, threshold phase difference
      as a function of the fundamental frequency, and the contrast required for phase
      discrimination as a function of the frequency ratio of the two grating
      components. In the first two cases, the predictions capture the main features of
      the data, although quantitative discrepancies remain. In the third case, the
      model fails, and this failure suggests additional restrictions on the combination
      of information across sensors.

PMID- 4045593
TI  - Bilaterally enlarged adrenal glands--an important clue to disseminated
      histoplasmosis.

PMID- 4045592
TI  - Neurophysiological evaluation of the differential response model for orientation
      and spatial-frequency discrimination.
AB  - Recent models have attempted to reconcile low psychophysical orientation and
      spatial-frequency discrimination thresholds with relatively broad orientation and
      spatial-frequency tuning of cortical neurons. These models have relied on the
      ability of the neurons to convert small stimulus changes into reliable response
      changes. We have examined this ability in a sample of neurons from the cat's
      striate cortex. We present here data from two cells that reliably signaled the
      smallest orientation and spatial-frequency differences. Using receiver operating
      characteristic analysis, we find that these cells could reliably signal
      orientation differences of 1.84 deg and spatial-frequency differences of 0.073
      octave. We compare these single-cell results to cat and human behavioral
      discrimination thresholds.

PMID- 4045594
TI  - Epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria in Oklahoma.

PMID- 4045595
TI  - Nightmare afternoon: the Star School disaster.

PMID- 4045596
TI  - Functional and morphological changes in post-capillary venules in relation to
      lymphocytic infiltration into BCG-induced granulomata in rat skin.
AB  - Vessels identical to lymph node high endothelial venules (HEV) have been
      described in sites of non-lymphoid tissue lymphocyte accumulation. In this study
      the function of these (HEV-like) vessels has been investigated in BCG-induced
      skin lesions in the rat. By following the traffic of radiolabelled lymphocytes
      from the blood into the lesions the HEV-like vessels have been shown to be the
      preferred site of migration. The complicated development of the vessels has been
      studied and an hypothesis advanced to explain their inter-relationship with
      tissue and circulating lymphocytes.

PMID- 4045597
TI  - Renal tubular epithelia ultrastructure in autolysis.
AB  - Post-mortem changes in the proximal and distal tubules of rat kidneys left in
      situ have been studied at the light microscope and ultrastructural levels. The
      distal tubular nuclei showed distinct changes which were completely different
      from the usual nuclear appearances after death and resemble the changes seen in
      apoptosis. These observations suggest that the unusual changes in the autolytic
      distal tubular nuclei may be due to the activation of endogenous endonucleases.

PMID- 4045598
TI  - Radial scars of benign and malignant breasts: comparative features and
      significance.
AB  - From a study of tissue from 34 cancerous breasts and 34 benign breasts the nature
      and occurrence of radial scars has been assessed. The frequency of detection was
      influenced more by the amount of tissue assessed and by the diligence of search
      than by any association with cancer. Bilaterality and multifocality were features
      in cancerous and benign breasts and a similar range of scar histological
      appearance was apparent in both types. The histological features of 103 radial
      scars were tabulated to compare the association of characteristics within
      individual scars, and the information used to formulate modes of development and
      progression. The 'early' stage appeared to correlate with central chronic
      inflammatory response, many spindle cells and minor fibroelastotic distortion of
      parenchyma; the 'late' stage showed few spindle cells and dominant fibroelastosis
      with considerable distortion and separation of parenchymal elements. No support
      was found for the concept that the lesion is premalignant. Rather it belongs to
      the spectrum of sclerosing alterations affecting the breast parenchyma which
      ranges from physiological through to clearly pathological changes. Position in
      the spectrum depends upon the extent and degree of change.

PMID- 4045599
TI  - Immunohistochemistry and histogenesis of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma.

PMID- 4045600
TI  - Cerebral blood flow, metabolic rate, and cross-brain oxygen consumption in brain
      injury.
AB  - In six deeply comatose children, the relationships of intracranial pressure,
      cerebral perfusion pressure, cerebral blood flow, cross-brain oxygen consumption,
      and metabolic rate to outcome were studied sequentially during therapy.
      Intracranial pressure, cross-brain oxygen consumption, and metabolic rate values
      were significantly different in the three children who survived compared with
      those in the three who died. The differences in cross-brain oxygen consumption
      and metabolic rate occurred in the presence of clinically acceptable values for
      intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressures. Cross-brain oxygen consumption and
      metabolic rate may be important indicators of degree of neuronal injury, and of
      outcome.

PMID- 4045601
TI  - Is there a thyrotoxic cardiomyopathy in children?
AB  - We measured left ventricular ejection fraction by radionuclide angiocardiography
      at rest and during graded exercise in eight thyrotoxic children. Five patients
      were reassessed after return to a clinically euthyroid state. In the thyrotoxic
      state the left ventricular ejection fraction was 69% +/- 8% at rest, and
      increased normally by 7% to 10% during exercise in four patients but did not
      change significantly or decreased by as much as 8% in the other four patients.
      The change in left ventricular ejection fraction during exercise correlated
      inversely with serum concentrations of thyroxine (r = -0.82, P less than 0.02)
      and triiodothyronine (r = -0.88, P less than 0.01). A comparison between patients
      who had normal left ventricular response to exercise with those who had abnormal
      response while thyrotoxic failed to uncover any significant differences between
      their resting ejection fractions or resting and exercise heart rates and systolic
      blood pressures. Three abnormal and two normal responders were reassessed after
      return to a clinically euthyroid state. The left ventricular ejection was 64% +/-
      6% at rest, and increased during exercise in all patients. Our study suggests
      that thyrotoxicosis causes diminished left ventricular reserve (compensated
      functional cardiomyopathy) in some patients, but appears to be reversible.
      Severity of thyrotoxicosis, as measured by thyroid hormone blood levels, may be a
      determining factor in the development of functional cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 4045602
TI  - Diabetes mellitus, thiamine-dependent megaloblastic anemia, and sensorineural
      deafness associated with deficient alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity.
AB  - Three brothers with diabetes mellitus, thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia,
      and sensorineural deafness are reported. Two had, in addition, congenital septal
      defects. The activities of thiamine-dependent enzymes were determined in one
      patient, revealing low alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity, which could
      have caused a sideroblastic anemia with secondary megaloblastic changes. The
      anemia was thiamine dependent. The cause of the diabetes mellitus was not known,
      but it was not type 1.

PMID- 4045603
TI  - Peritoneal dialysis with D-penicillamine in Wilson disease.

PMID- 4045604
TI  - Thyroid function in critically ill children.

PMID- 4045606
TI  - Recurrent hemolytic-uremic syndrome with the hypomorphic fast allele of the third
      component of complement.

PMID- 4045605
TI  - Perianal streptococcal cellulitis.

PMID- 4045607
TI  - Erythropoietin-induced congenital erythrocytosis: treatment with myelosuppressive
      agents and hookworm infestation.

PMID- 4045608
TI  - Hearing threshold in preterm and term infants by auditory brainstem response.
AB  - Hearing thresholds were established in preterm and term newborn infants by
      auditory brainstem responses in the first week of life. The presence of wave V
      was the criterion for threshold sensitivity in infants considered neurologically
      optimal on the basis of stringent clinical criteria and sequential ultrasound
      examination. The hearing threshold was found to be at 40 dB in preterm infants
      between 28 and 34 weeks gestational age, at 30 dB in infants between 35 and 38
      weeks, and below 20 dB in term infants. This study confirms that the thresholds
      of newborn infants diminish with increasing age, and there is no apparent
      difference whether maturation occurs inside or outside the uterus. The data
      should provide a baseline for objective and quantitative assessment of hearing
      loss early in the neonatal period.

PMID- 4045609
TI  - Surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus does not increase the risk of
      intraventricular hemorrhage in the preterm infant.

PMID- 4045610
TI  - Serum vitamin K1 concentrations after oral administration of vitamin K1 in low
      birth weight infants.

PMID- 4045611
TI  - Preschool Denver Developmental Screening Test as a predictor of later school
      problems.
AB  - We compared three preschool tests as predictors of school problems at the end of
      first grade. A stratified sample of 113 4 1/2- to 5 1/2-year-old children,
      oversampling those at risk for developmental difficulties, was administered the
      Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST), the Stanford-Binet IQ test (SB), and
      a two-stage shortened form of the DDST in the spring before school entry. Data
      from achievement tests, special class placement, and grade retention were
      obtained for 106 of the children at the end of first grade. Eighty-four percent
      of children with abnormal DDST scores had school difficulties by the end of first
      grade, compared with 47% of children with scores in the questionable range and
      only 15% of children in the normal range. Prediction from the SB was not as
      accurate; 72% of the children who scored less than 68 and 42% of those who scored
      between 68 and 84 on the preschool SB had school problems. Prediction for those
      children who had abnormal or questionable scores on the two-stage DDST was as
      good as prediction from the full DDST. However, far fewer of the total number of
      school problems were identified by the two-stage DDST. It appears that the DDST
      can be used on an individual basis for prediction of school problems.

PMID- 4045612
TI  - Depressive symptoms in children with recurrent abdominal pain and in their
      families.
AB  - Our purpose was to evaluate depression in children with recurrent abdominal pain
      and in their families. A self-report measure, the Children's Depression
      Inventory, and a psychiatric structured interview, the Child Assessment Schedule,
      were administered to 25 children with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) as well as
      to 67 behaviorally disordered (BD) and 42 healthy children. Parents of all three
      groups completed the Beck Depression Inventory. On both measures, scores for RAP
      children were not significantly different from those of healthy children and were
      significantly lower than those of BD children. In contrast, the mothers of both
      the RAP group and the BD group had significantly higher depression scores than
      the mothers of healthy children. There were no group differences for fathers. The
      data suggest that although depression is not prevalent in children with RAP,
      depressive characteristics in the family may play a role in the origin of their
      abdominal pain.

PMID- 4045613
TI  - Health locus of control beliefs of healthy children, children with a chronic
      physical illness, and their mothers.
AB  - Scales to measure health locus of control beliefs have been developed for both
      adults and children to assess the degree to which individuals believe their
      health to be the result of self-actions, the actions of "powerful" adults in
      their environment, or random events or fate. We have investigated how these locus
      of control beliefs differ at different ages and in relation to different illness
      experiences. Health locus of control beliefs vary consistently according to age
      and illness experience. Beliefs in the control of their health by chance and by
      powerful others are stated to be significantly stronger by younger than by older
      children, by children with certain chronic physical illnesses than by healthy
      children, and by parents of children with certain chronic physical illnesses than
      by parents of healthy children. The developmental trend suggested here confirms
      previously reported data regarding locus of control beliefs in children. The
      differences among children with and without a chronic physical illness, and
      especially among their parents, suggest that learning occurs from the experiences
      related to illness, resulting in an increased external orientation in locus of
      control beliefs. Health care professionals should be aware of the tendency for
      young children and for children with a chronic illness and their families to rely
      heavily on providers, perhaps to the detriment of their learning effective skills
      for independent health-related decision making.

PMID- 4045614
TI  - Progressive neurologic deterioration in a hypotonic infant.

PMID- 4045615
TI  - Growth hormone in Turner syndrome.

PMID- 4045616
TI  - Malasezzia furfur sepsis in neonates.

PMID- 4045617
TI  - Puncture wound osteomyelitis.

PMID- 4045618
TI  - Risk factors for hearing loss in preterm infants.

PMID- 4045619
TI  - Hypoxia with helium-oxygen therapy.

PMID- 4045620
TI  - Berger disease/Henoch-Schonlein syndrome.

PMID- 4045621
TI  - Acetylsalicylic acid and Kawasaki disease.

PMID- 4045622
TI  - Treatment of neonatal thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 4045623
TI  - Vitamin K deficiency in breast-fed infants.

PMID- 4045624
TI  - Influenza B and staphylococcal pneumonia.

PMID- 4045625
TI  - Extra gastrointestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 4045626
TI  - Age of introduction of cow's milk to infants.

PMID- 4045627
TI  - A new ambulatory system for extended esophageal pH monitoring.
AB  - A new 24-h ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring system (AMBI 24) was evaluated in
      72 pediatric patients with suspected gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Forty-seven
      of these patients were monitored at home and the other 25 in our hospital. This
      system was employed without complication in infants and a full range of pediatric
      patients, as well as in older children with severe psychomotor delay. The data
      obtained were consistent with those reported utilizing standard monitoring
      equipment, and the results served as the basis for subsequent medical management.
      The results of this study, therefore, suggest that this method of esophageal pH
      monitoring is a safe and effective means of evaluating GER while allowing for
      patient mobility.

PMID- 4045628
TI  - Efficient storage system for breath hydrogen.
AB  - Recommended materials for breath hydrogen collection (plastic syringes with twist
      lock closure) are only adequate for relatively brief periods because of gradual
      hydrogen loss and considerable variability between duplicate samples. To document
      the most favorable storage conditions for breath hydrogen, we compared hydrogen
      retention in plastic syringes using a conventional twist-in-lock closure versus a
      simple, inexpensive syringe closure, a Critocap. Hydrogen retention was studied
      at 25, 5, and -20 degrees C in two different syringe brands over 72 h of storage.
      An analysis of variance confirms the superiority of Critocaps over twist-in-lock
      closures (p less than 0.001). Reliability was maximal when samples were placed in
      environments less than 5 degrees C. When storage time was extended to 7 days,
      mean hydrogen retention was 86 +/- 6% (means +/- SD).

PMID- 4045629
TI  - Protracted diarrhea in infancy: clinical aspects and ultrastructural analysis of
      the small intestine.
AB  - Protracted diarrhea is a clinical entity characterized by diarrhea lasting
      greater than 2 weeks, starting before 3 months of age, with severe nutritional
      aggravation and negative stool culture for enteropathogens. This report deals
      with the ultrastructural abnormalities found in the intestinal mucosa of children
      with protracted diarrhea. Forty children (mean age 5.1 months) were studied. They
      were submitted to the following tests of intestinal function: D-xylose,
      triglyceride tolerance, small bowel biopsy (light and electron microscope),
      sigmoidoscopy, and sweat test. D-Xylose absorption and triglyceride tolerance
      test in these patients were both significantly lower than controls.
      Ultrastructural analysis of the small bowel of 12 patients showed various degrees
      of alterations, mainly shortening of the microvilli, increased number of
      multivesicular bodies, and vacuolation of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.
      These lesions were totally reversible after clinical and nutritional recovery as
      could be proven in two children. The most common cause of protracted diarrhea in
      these patients was secondary carbohydrate intolerance and dietary protein cow's
      milk and soy bean intolerance, which resulted in colitis or malabsorption as a
      consequence of intestinal mucosa injury due to acute gastroenteritis.

PMID- 4045631
TI  - Absorption of a new semielemental diet in infants with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - A new semielemental formula made up of whey protein hydrolysate, medium-chain
      triglyceride as 50% of fat, and glucose polymer was studied in 21 cystic fibrosis
      infants to determine whether its intestinal absorption was better than that of a
      standard milk-based formula. Each experiment lasted 10 days, during which the
      patient was fed for 5 days on one formula and immediately afterwards for 5 days
      on the alternative formula, without any pancreatic enzyme replacement. Fat and
      nitrogen absorption were assessed by 3-day balance studies, stool fat was assayed
      by a modified Van de Kamer method, and stool nitrogen by an automatic method. Ten
      infants with very severely impaired digestive function (coefficient of fat
      absorption on normal diet less than or equal to 75%) showed a highly significant
      improvement in fat and nitrogen absorption, leading to a significant gain in
      weight when fed on semielemental diet compared with standard diet. No significant
      improvement was observed in fat and nitrogen absorption or in weight gain in the
      11 infants with less severe malabsorption (coefficient of fat absorption on
      normal diet greater than 75%). These results were obtained over a short period
      and have to be confirmed over a prolonged period of study with pancreatic enzyme
      supplementation. However, they suggest that such a semielemental diet should be
      effective for short-term treatment in selected CF infants who have difficulty in
      starting to thrive adequately.

PMID- 4045630
TI  - Gliadin-specific serum immunoglobulins A, E, G, and M in childhood: relation to
      small intestine mucosal morphology.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was developed to determine serum
      antigliadin antibodies of the IgA, IgE, IgG, and IgM classes. The antibody level
      of each serum specimen was expressed as an index value, i.e., optical density of
      test serum/optical density of cutoff, where cutoff was calculated for each
      immunoglobulin class as the mean + 3 SD for six healthy controls. Indices for
      each immunoglobulin class were determined in 69 children who were admitted for
      their first small intestinal mucosal biopsy due to either symptoms of
      malabsorption compatible with celiac disease, or short stature without other
      symptoms. Especially raised levels of antigliadin IgA antibodies in serum
      correlated strongly with villous atrophy and in infants less than or equal to 3
      years of age were invariably elevated above controls, provided they were on a
      gluten-containing diet. Raised levels of IgG and IgE antibodies to gluten were
      often seen in children with normal mucosal morphology, i.e., when symptoms were
      due to other gastrointestinal disorders than celiac disease. It is concluded that
      determination of antigliadin IgA antibodies in children less than or equal to 3
      years is a useful screening test before small intestinal biopsy, especially in
      children where the indication for biopsy is not otherwise obvious. The method can
      also be used to assess the results of therapy and, conceivably, compliance.

PMID- 4045632
TI  - Alterations of serum bile acid profile in breast-fed infants with prolonged
      jaundice.
AB  - Serum bile acid conjugates in breast-fed infants with prolonged jaundice were
      analyzed by a newly developed procedure using high-performance liquid
      chromatography with fluorescence labeling. Major bile acids were cholate and
      chenodeoxycholate conjugates. Some of the breast-fed jaundiced infants had high
      levels of serum bile acid conjugates (greater than 25 mumol/L), but the mean
      levels of individual bile acid conjugates found in jaundiced breastfed infants
      were not significantly different from those in breast-fed infants without
      jaundice. The glycine- to taurine-conjugated bile acid ratio in breast-fed
      jaundiced infants was significantly lower than in breast-fed nonjaundiced infants
      or bottle-fed nonjaundiced infants. In breast-fed infants, the portion of taurine
      conjugated bile acids increased in proportion to serum bilirubin levels. These
      findings suggest that alteration in conjugated bile acid patterns of breast milk
      jaundice is related to an increased enterohepatic circulation of bile acids as
      well as bilirubin in infants fed on breast milk that contains high amounts of
      taurine.

PMID- 4045633
TI  - Dietary zinc intake and growth during infancy.
AB  - Energy, protein, zinc intake, and weight and length were monitored at 3, 6, and
      12 months in 50 preterm infants (corrected for gestational age) (mean
      birthweight, 1,054 +/- 234 g; mean gestation, 29 +/- 2.5 weeks) and 60 full-term
      infants (mean birthweight, 3,509 +/- 269 g; mean gestation, 40 +/- 1 weeks). Mean
      energy and protein intake (per kilogram body weight) was higher (p less than
      0.05) for the preterm infants at all times and met the recommended levels for
      preterm infants. No significant differences in zinc intake (per kilogram body
      weight) between the two groups existed, and at 3 months, mean zinc intake in the
      preterm group (per kilogram body weight) was below the recommended level for full
      term infants. At no time were the growth percentiles of the preterm group equal
      to those of the full-term group. Multiple regression equations predicting length
      at 3 months and weight at 12 months for all the infants were significant, the
      significant variables being length at birth and zinc intake (milligrams per day)
      at 3 months, and weight at birth and dietary zinc intake (milligrams per day) at
      12 months, respectively. Results indicate that zinc intake played a more
      important role in explaining the length at 3 months and weight at 12 months than
      did any other variables, including intakes of protein and energy, gestational
      age, socioeconomic index of the father, midparent height, sex, and age of
      introduction of solid foods. Results thus support the suggestion that infants,
      especially those born prematurely, are at risk for inadequate intake of dietary
      zinc.

PMID- 4045635
TI  - Energy intake, norepinephrine excretion, and oxygen consumption in low
      birthweight infants.
AB  - Eleven healthy, appropriately grown low birthweight infants, ages 3-15 days and
      28-33 weeks gestation, were the subjects of this study. Energy intake, urinary
      norepinephrine excretion, and metabolic rate as reflected in VO2 were examined
      concurrently. Energy intakes were recorded. Simultaneous collection of a timed
      urine for norepinephrine excretion and measurement of VO2 using indirect
      calorimetry were performed. A servo control device was used to maintain an
      abdominal skin temperature of 36.5 degrees C. The results demonstrated increases
      in energy intake, urinary norepinephrine, and VO2 with advancing postnatal age.
      Simple linear regression analysis revealed significant positive correlations
      between energy intake and VO2 (p less than 0.003), norepinephrine excretion and
      VO2 (p less than 0.003), postnatal age and VO2 (p less than 0.01), and postnatal
      age and energy intake (p less than 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed
      a strong positive correlation between urinary norepinephrine excretion and VO2,
      and energy intake and VO2. When postnatal age was added to the multiple linear
      regression analysis as a variable, energy intake was no longer strongly
      correlated with VO2. This implies postnatal age and energy intake are closely
      linked in this study, and further studies are needed to better define these
      relationships.

PMID- 4045634
TI  - Postnatal dependence of plasma copper and zinc levels on gestational age and
      maturity observed in infants fed a high zinc content formula.
AB  - We studied the effect of gestational age and maturity on plasma zinc and copper
      levels at 10 and 120 days of age. The association of plasma zinc changes and body
      growth was also investigated. Infants were receiving a controlled intake of zinc
      and copper solely through a zinc-supplemented formula (4.7 mg/L of zinc and 0.16
      mg/L of copper). Twenty-eight low-birthweight infants (less than 2,500 g) having
      gestational ages ranging from 33 to 40 weeks [17 with an appropriate birthweight
      for gestational age (AGA) and 11 small for gestational age (SGA)] were enrolled
      in the present study. Measurements of plasma zinc and copper concentration,
      weight, length, head circumference, and tricipital and subscapular skinfolds were
      carried out at 10 and 120 days of age. Proton-induced x-ray fluorescence
      technique (PIXE) was used to assess copper and zinc concentrations. At 10 days of
      age a significant correlation between copper concentration and gestational age
      was found. At 120 days of age the copper concentration was higher than at 10 days
      and independent of gestational age and maturity (mean +/- SEM = 116 +/- 5
      micrograms/dl). At 10 days of age no significant correlation between zinc content
      and gestational age was found (86 +/- 4 micrograms/dl). The plasma zinc percent
      change over the period from 10 to 120 days of age was positively correlated with
      gestational age in the whole sample as well as in AGA and SGA infants
      separately.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045636
TI  - Assessment of intestinal and cardiorespiratory function in children with
      congenital heart disease on high-caloric formulas.
AB  - Fourteen infants with congenital heart disease were investigated for failure to
      thrive. Assessment of intestinal function revealed minor absorptive abnormalities
      (mild steatorrhea in three patients, bile salt loss in four patients), delayed
      gastric emptying, and abnormal triglyceride loading tests. Low caloric intake
      (88.3 +/- 19.3 kcal/kg/day) seemed the main reason for failure to gain weight.
      Weight accession and cardiorespiratory rates were monitored daily during
      voluntary intake, a high-caloric diet by mouth, and nasogastric tube feeding.
      Providing 169 +/- 29 kcal/kg/day by tube resulted in weight gain with mild and
      transient elevation of respiratory rate at the end of the meal and increased
      heart rate 90 min after the meal. This regimen is a metabolically inexpensive and
      efficient method of supporting weight gain in children with congenital heart
      disease.

PMID- 4045637
TI  - Assessment of abbreviated techniques for determination of milk volume intake of
      the human milk-fed infant.
AB  - Two recently proposed abbreviated techniques for estimation of 24-h milk intake
      of the breast-fed infant were evaluated as to whether they could serve as
      appropriate substitutes for measured 24-h intakes. One technique involves the
      doubling of 12-h milk intakes, whereas the other uses the product of the mean of
      two consecutive midpoint feedings and the frequency of nursing for the defined 24
      h period. Data from three consecutive 24-h intake measurements at 4, 8, and 12
      weeks on 22 solely breast-fed infants were used for the evaluation. Correlational
      and paired t test analyses were conducted to compare intakes from each
      abbreviated technique with measured intakes. All calculated intakes derived from
      doubling 12-h periods commencing in the morning exceeded values obtained for full
      day measures. These overestimations resulted from higher milk consumption during
      the early hours of the day, with proportionate intakes ranging from 0.55 to 0.77.
      Doubled half-day calculations initiated later in the day (2 p.m.-2 a.m.) were
      similar to mean measured 24-h intakes, with proportionate intakes ranging from
      0.47 to 0.51. Correlations between all calculated intakes and measured intakes
      ranged from 0.51 (p = 0.111) to 0.93 (p = 0.001). Estimated mean intakes derived
      by the method utilizing nursing frequency and the mean for two nursings were
      similar to measured 24-h mean intakes. Correlations between such 24-h calculated
      and measured intakes ranged from 0.70 (p = 0.001) to 0.97 (p less than
      0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045638
TI  - Type of milk substitute influences growth of the gastrointestinal tract in
      artificially reared rat pups.
AB  - Growth of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract was studied in rat pups that were
      reared normally (mother-reared, MR) or were artificially reared (AR) by
      intragastric infusion of milk substitutes from postnatal day 5. Two milk
      substitutes were used: one high in carbohydrate and low in protein compared with
      rat's milk (Messer) and the other close in composition to rat's milk (Auestad).
      Pups reared on these formulae are termed ARM and ARA, respectively. Pups were
      killed at 7, 12, and 20 days for the determination of the wet and dry weights of
      stomach and caecum and the lengths of the small and large intestines (SI and LI).
      At 7 days AR pups showed deficits in several GI measures compared with MR rats.
      However, by 20 days they showed enhanced growth of various parts of the GI tract.
      Stomach weight was greatest in ARA rats; caecum weight was greater in AR than in
      MR rats; SI was longer in AR than MR rats, with the effect more pronounced in ARM
      rats. These effects were already evident, or becoming so, by 12 days. In an
      additional experiment, rats were AR on rat's milk from 5 to 12 days. Their GI
      tracts did not differ from MR, suggesting that the AR procedure per se was not
      responsible for the above GI growth effects.

PMID- 4045639
TI  - Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome in a teenaged boy.
AB  - Since the original description of solitary rectal ulcer by Cruveilheir in 1830,
      about 250 cases have been reported (1). The condition most frequently presents in
      adults between 30 and 50 years of age. There are very few pediatric case reports
      and none have come from North America. We report here a 13-year-old boy with
      solitary rectal ulcer syndrome and a review of the pediatric experience with this
      rare condition.

PMID- 4045640
TI  - Nephritis associated with an infected peritoneovenous LeVeen shunt.
AB  - A patient with chronic active hepatitis and medically unmanageable ascites
      developed staphylococcal bacteremia after insertion of a peritoneovenous LeVeen
      shunt. The patient developed glomerulonephritis, manifested by moderate
      proteinuria, microscopic hematuria with red cell casts, azotemia, and evidence of
      complement activation. The protracted infection, urinary, and renal abnormalities
      subsided after removal of the LeVeen shunt and a 3-week course of antibiotics.
      The clinical course of this patient is typical of the immune-complex mediated
      glomerulonephritis that has been previously well described in hydrocephalic
      patients with chronically infected ventriculoatrial shunts.

PMID- 4045641
TI  - Carnitine concentration of formulas.

PMID- 4045642
TI  - Role of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and endoscopic
      cholangiopancreatography in the diagnostic imaging of hepatobiliary system in
      infants and children.

PMID- 4045643
TI  - Ultrastructural study of alterations in the small intestinal epithelium of
      children with acute diarrhoea.

PMID- 4045644
TI  - Congenital glaucoma and retinal dysplasia.
AB  - The differential diagnosis of leukocoria (pseudoglioma) in the neonate includes
      multiple conditions, including malformations with retinal dysplasia as a
      component. Typically bilateral, retinal dysplasia is characteristically seen in
      microphthalmic eyes. Certain chromosomal defects have been described. The case
      reported herein presented in the first month of life with an enlarged eye,
      elevated intraocular pressure, prominent iris vasculature, and leukocoria. Family
      history was positive in one respect: this is the second child of a Viet Nam
      veteran exposed to Agent Orange. The first child, from a different mother, also
      had birth defects. Other than his left eye, the child is completely normal.
      Ultrasonography showed posterior vitreous opacities of indeterminate
      configuration. CT scan suggested a posterior intraocular mass. Histologically,
      the principal features were an anomalous, largely unformed corneoscleral angle,
      intraocular hemorrhage, and retinal dysplasia. Light microscopic studies were
      performed. The corneoscleral angle revealed an anteriorly inserted iris with an
      absence of trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal. This case is considered
      unique on the basis of the association of retinal dysplasia with congenital
      glaucoma and larger-than-normal eye. The significance of reported paternal
      exposure to Agent Orange in this instance is unknown.

PMID- 4045645
TI  - The role of ocular torsion on the etiology of A and V patterns.
AB  - Theoretically, the torsion of the globe produced by primary oblique overaction
      results in a vertical displacement of the insertions of the horizontal recti and
      a horizontal displacement of the insertions of the vertical recti. This should
      alter the vectors of the forces exerted on the globe by the rectus muscles so
      that the horizontal recti become partial elevators or depressors and the vertical
      recti become increasing abductors or adductors. This change in force vectors
      tends to enhance the A or V pattern that results from oblique dysfunction. I
      propose that the etiology of A and V patterns is the result of a complex
      interplay between all of the extraocular muscles and present a clinical series to
      suggest the validity of that theory.

PMID- 4045646
TI  - Treatment of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous.
AB  - Thirty-two patients with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous were examined
      by the author over a 10-year period. Two patients have been followed with
      conservative management. Thirty patients were treated with surgery involving
      lensectomy with anterior vitrectomy being performed as the minimal treatment,
      with a few patients being treated with a full vitrectomy and dissection of the
      PHPV stalk from the posterior lens surface to the retina. The only eyes which
      obtained a good visual result were those eyes which contained only the anterior
      PHPV without the posterior segment being involved. While surgery on the posterior
      segment was anatomically successful, poor visual results were obtained due to
      retinal abnormalities. No eye has been removed. Five eyes have useful vision.
      Early treatment is advised in order to prevent underdevelopment of the orbit
      secondary to early enucleation as well as to treat amblyopia in those visually
      salvageable eyes.

PMID- 4045647
TI  - Ocular perforation and phthisis bulbi secondary to strabismus surgery.
AB  - We present our ocular clinicopathologic findings of a child who suffered
      bilateral perforation of the globe during medial rectus recession bilaterally for
      congenital esotropia. The right eye progressed to a painful phthisis bulbi and
      subsequently required enucleation. Penetration or perforation of the sclera
      during extraocular muscle surgery is not rare; however, serious sequelae such as
      visual loss or loss of the eye are unusual. Such complications can be avoided if
      the surgeon is aware of the causes, as well as the dangers, of such perforation,
      and, in particular, if modern spatula-type needles are used.

PMID- 4045648
TI  - Hyaloid vascular pattern in the human fetus.
AB  - The hyaloid vascular system of developing human eyeballs is studied to elucidate
      the relationship to the retinal vascular patterns. The process of the regression
      of the hyaloid vascular system in fetuses consisted of gradual shrinkage of the
      wall of the vessels with lessening of the lumen and eventually, thread-like
      acellular strands that remained as a consequence. The intercapillary bridge in
      the retinal vessel appeared to be a remnant of the degenerated vessel as in the
      hyaloid vascular system. At the ninth month of intra-uterine life, the regression
      of the hyaloid vascular system was almost complete.

PMID- 4045649
TI  - Superior oblique and inferior rectus muscle injury following frontal and
      intranasal sinus surgery.
AB  - Chronic inflammatory sinus disease is a common process, sometimes requiring nasal
      and paranasal sinus surgery. Extraocular muscle dysfunction is a rare surgical
      complication of sinus surgery, but has been reported. Previous studies have been
      concerned with trauma to the medial rectus muscle resulting in severe paralysis
      or restriction. This study reports five patients with acquired strabismus and
      symptomatic vertical diplopia secondary to sinus surgery. In all patients, the
      resultant diplopia was disabling. Four patients had frontal sinus window surgery
      performed, with incisions placed in the supero-nasal quadrant of the orbit, below
      the eyebrow (a modified Lynch incision). Three patients acquired a superior
      oblique paresis and the fourth developed a Brown's syndrome. The location of the
      skin incision was critical to injury in the trochlear area. The fifth patient
      underwent a nasal polypectomy and antrostomy with secondary orbital hemorrhage
      and proptosis. A mild inferior rectus paresis was the result.

PMID- 4045650
TI  - Amblyopia case reports--bilateral hypermetropic ametropic amblyopia.
AB  - Six patients are presented with ametropic amblyopia secondary to bilateral
      hypermetropia. Two patients had a strabismic amblyopia superimposed upon the
      ametropic amblyopia. All patients had a marked improvement in their visual acuity
      with the use of constant glass wear only. No associated ocular pathology was
      identified. It is the authors' belief that these patients are seen occasionally
      in general ophthalmologic practice. The diagnosis and treatment is
      straightforward; however, the diagnosis can be perplexing and unnecessary
      referrals and neuro-ophthalmologic investigation can ensue if this entity is not
      recognized.

PMID- 4045651
TI  - Studies of strabismus and amblyopia in infant monkeys.
AB  - Longitudinal studies of grating acuity have been conducted with strabismic infant
      monkeys. Representative data from several different monkey models of strabismus
      are presented. Acuity in the fixating eyes of these monkeys developed to adult
      levels similarly to acuity development in normal infant monkeys. Acuity in the
      non-fixating eyes often lagged behind, and in some cases never reached normal
      levels, resulting in a permanent amblyopia.

PMID- 4045652
TI  - Choledochal cyst and "correctable" biliary atresia.

PMID- 4045653
TI  - A muscle ablation sphincter to prevent diarrhea after total colectomy in puppies:
      a preliminary report.
AB  - Many adjunctive surgical techniques have been proposed to decrease diarrhea
      following total colectomy with an ileoanal anastomosis. A previously proposed
      method of longitudinal muscle ablation in canine small intestine to produce an
      "artificial sphincter" and increase transit time after massive small bowel
      resections has been applied to puppies who have had a total abdominal colectomy
      and ileoproctostomy. Total abdominal colectomy with ileoproctostomy at the level
      of the peritoneal reflection was performed in 6 mongrel puppies, aged 6-8 weeks.
      Two control puppies died within 2 weeks of the procedure with overwhelming
      diarrhea. Four experimental animals had "sphincters" (circumferential excision of
      a 1 cm length of longitudinal muscle) placed 5 cm proximal to the ileoproctostomy
      anastomosis. The puppies with colectomy plus sphincter were followed from 14
      months to two years postoperatively and had intestinal transit times of 3-4 1/2
      hours comparable to unoperated littermates. Intermittent postoperative barium
      enemas were performed and gross and histologic examination of the sphincters were
      carried out at necropsy. This muscle ablation technique when used in puppies with
      total abdominal colectomy and ileoproctostomy controls diarrhea, allows survival
      with normal growth and does not result in proximal small bowel enteritis.

PMID- 4045655
TI  - The effect of polycythemia and hyperviscosity on bowel ischemia.
AB  - Recent clinical reports suggest that newborn infants with polycythemia and other
      causes of hyperviscosity may be at risk for developing necrotizing enterocolitis
      (NEC). This study evaluates the relationship of polycythemia and increased blood
      viscosity on survival and bowel integrity and an ischemic bowel model in rats.
      Ninety-nine weanling Sprague Dawley rats underwent one-minute occlusion of the
      superior mesenteric artery. Animals were divided into five treatment groups.
      Group 1 (n = 40) ischemic controls had a mean hematocrit (HCT) of 44.3 +/- 3.3%.
      Group 2 (n = 19) rats were transfused with whole blood from donor rats followed
      by a dose of lasix (2mg/kg) intravenously (IV) 20 hours prior to ischemic injury,
      raising the HCT to 53.6 +/- 3.2%. Group 3 (n = 19) animals were transfused with
      whole blood X 2 and given lasix at 20 and 4 hours before operation, raising the
      HCT to 63.0 +/- 1.6%. Group 4 (n = 16) (HCT 68.6 +/- 2.55%) and group 5 (n = 15)
      rats (HCT 71.6 +/- 2.07%) were prepared with multiple blood transfusions and
      given lasix as group 3 animals to achieve those hematocrit levels. Animals were
      kept in individual cages and fed rat chow and water ad libitum. Survival, length
      of survival, and evidence of bowel perforation or necrosis were recorded at seven
      days following the ischemic insult. Blood viscosity was determined in each group.
      Survival at one week was 65% in group 1, 63% in group 2, and 63% in group
      3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045654
TI  - Comparison of fetal, newborn, and adult wound healing by histologic, enzyme
      histochemical, and hydroxyproline determinations.
AB  - We compared simultaneous healing processes in fetal, newborn, and maternal
      rabbits using a miniaturized wound cylinder of expanded Gore-Tex tubing. The
      tubing was placed subcutaneously in fetal and maternal rabbits on day 23 of
      pregnancy (term = 31 to 32 days), and in 7-day-old newborn rabbits. At specific
      intervals, the tubing was removed and analyzed for hydroxyproline accumulation,
      histology, and cellular enzyme-histochemistry. Granulation tissue ingrowth and
      accumulation of hydroxyproline were each inversely related to age (fetus greater
      than newborn greater than maternal). The fetus showed an impressive infiltration
      of macrophages by day 4, fibroblasts by day 7, and a conspicuous lack of
      neutrophils in all specimens. Newborns and mothers had few cells until day 7,
      when a mixture of macrophages, neutrophils, and some fibroblasts appeared. We
      conclude that the fetus heals wounds rapidly by both mesenchymal cell
      proliferation and collagen deposition, and that these processes are more rapid in
      fetuses than in newborn or adult animals despite relative fetal hypoxemia.

PMID- 4045656
TI  - Achalasia in children: treatment by anterior esophageal myotomy (modified Heller
      operation).
AB  - Although rare in children, achalasia can be the cause of debilitating symptoms
      and growth retardation. During a 4-year period, six patients (mean age 9.9 years)
      underwent a modified Heller operation (anterior esophageal myotomy) without
      complication. A concomitant modified Belsey fundoplication was performed in three
      patients who were judged at the time of operation to be at high risk for
      postoperative gastroesophageal reflux. Preoperative symptoms of dysphagia,
      postprandial vomiting, retrosternal pain, and pulmonary complications were
      eliminated in all patients. Follow-up interviews seven to 48 months (mean 23
      months) following operation revealed normal diet and normal growth in all six
      children, with no recurrence of preoperative symptoms or evidence of
      gastroesophageal reflux. Technical details which we believe contribute to success
      in the operative management of pediatric achalasia include the transthoracic
      approach and the selective performance of complementary anti-reflux procedures.

PMID- 4045657
TI  - Psoas abscess in children.
AB  - In children, psoas abscess does not head the list in the differential diagnosis
      of the child who presents with a limp or lower abdominal pain. Therefore, the
      road to this diagnosis can be long and complicated leading to numerous studies
      and specialty consultations. Over a 7-year period, seven psoas abscesses have
      been drained surgically. All were Staphylococcal though one was mixed. In each
      case, the original admitting diagnosis was that of septic arthritis of the hip.
      In general, this diagnosis was ruled out by negative hip aspirations and bone
      scans. Often, the severity of symptoms led to persistent evaluation with
      noninvasive tests such as gallium scan, intravenous pyelogram, or barium enema.
      Though these tests were often suggestive, a positive ultrasound or CT scan was
      the key studies diagnostic enough to warrant surgical exploration and drainage.
      During this time period, there have been no negative explorations for psoas
      abscess. Upon surgical drainage, all patients improved, with subsequent recovery
      of hip function. The child who presents with a limp or painful hip should be
      considered for ultrasonography or computerized tomography once hip pathology is
      ruled out. We feel that the results of other tests such as gallium scan, IVP, or
      barium enema are not sufficiently specific to indicate surgery.

PMID- 4045658
TI  - The effect of intra-abdominal resection or fecal diversion on perianal disease in
      pediatric Crohn's disease.
AB  - To determine whether perianal Crohn's disease responds to resection of active
      intra-abdominal disease or to diversion, 273 cases of Crohn's disease in children
      (ages 4 to 18 years) were reviewed (all had been seen between 1970 and 1983). Of
      these, 104 patients underwent an intestinal operation, and 42 of the 104 (40%)
      had documented perianal disease at the time of their operation. Follow-up
      averaged 8 3/4 years from time of diagnosis. Three of the 42 died, at 1, 3, and 5
      months postoperatively (mortality, 7%) and one was unavailable for follow-up. In
      these 42 patients with active perianal disease, an intestinal resection with
      primary anastomosis was performed in 19; one died postoperatively and one was
      unavailable for follow-up. Of the remaining 17 patients, five (29%) improved and
      12 (71%) had continued perianal disease, either without change or worse. At least
      one further intestinal resection was needed in five of the 17 and two have needed
      proctocolectomy. A defunctionalizing procedure was done as part of the initial
      operation in 11 of the 42 patients. Two showed improvement; however, both needed
      proctocolectomy for rectal disease, and none of the 11 with fecal diversion have
      had reestablishment of intestinal continuity. In 12 of the 42 patients
      proctocolectomy was the initial procedure, usually for severe rectosigmoid
      disease. Of 38 children followed, 20 had proctocolectomy, 11 initially and nine
      after lesser procedures; overall rate of proctocolectomy was 53%. Resection of
      active intra-abdominal disease is not necessarily followed by resolution of
      perianal lesions. Defunctionalizing the rectum with fecal diversion does not
      appear to alter perianal disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045659
TI  - The creation and repair of diaphragmatic hernia in fetal lambs: morphology of the
      type II alveolar cell.
AB  - A model for creating and repairing diaphragmatic hernia in fetal lambs has been
      developed. Morphometric studies of the type II alveolar cells were carried out in
      three groups of term lambs. The upper lobes only were sampled. Morphometric
      analysis of the 30 type II cells from each lobe showed that while there were no
      differences between the left upper lobe (LUL) and right upper lobe (RUL) cells in
      normal lambs, there were significant differences between sides in the
      experimental groups. In lambs with a nonrepaired diaphragmatic hernia (DH) the
      type II cells were significantly smaller in the LUL compared with the RUL. In
      lambs with a repaired DH, the LUL type II cells were significantly larger than
      those in the RUL. There were some trends when the groups were compared, but in
      general they did not reach statistical significance. These findings suggest that
      local factors profoundly influence the development of these cells.

PMID- 4045660
TI  - Diaphragmatic hernia in the fetus: prenatal diagnosis and outcome in 94 cases.
AB  - Most babies born with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) die after birth. The
      natural course of CDH in the human fetus is not known. We found 94 cases of fetal
      CDH in the records of surgeons and obstetricians surveyed in the United States
      and Canada. We found the following: (1) prenatal diagnosis of CDH is accurate and
      current techniques can detect lethal nonpulmonary anomalies and prevent
      diagnostic errors; (2) despite optimal conventional therapy, most fetuses with
      detectable CDH will die in the neonatal period (80% mortality); (3)
      polyhydramnios is both a common prenatal marker for CDH (present in 76% of
      fetuses) and a predictor for poor clinical outcome (only 11% survived); (4) fetal
      CDH is a dynamic process--nonsurvivors have larger defects and may have more
      viscera displaced into the chest at an earlier stage of development. Surgical
      intervention before birth may be necessary to improve survival of the fetus with
      CDH and polyhydramnios.

PMID- 4045661
TI  - Prosthetic materials and muscle flaps in the repair of extensive diaphragmatic
      defects: an experimental study.
AB  - Relative merits of three methods of diaphragmatic hernia repair were evaluated in
      growing animals. Twenty-five puppies underwent laparotomy. In four controls, the
      left hemidiaphragm was incised and sutured primarily. In the remaining dogs, it
      was partially resected sparing the phrenic nerve. The defects were repaired in
      six with silastic sheeting, in eight with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE;
      trademark, Gore-Tex), and in seven with a thoracoabdominal muscle flap. Dogs were
      killed at 1, 4, and 7 months for gross and microscopic evaluation of the repair.
      Diaphragmatic function was evaluated by inspiratory force against a closed airway
      and by selective phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS). Serial fluoroscopy was used to
      evaluate diaphragmatic motion. Grossly the diaphragms in all groups showed
      compensatory growth. Microscopically the silastic was encapsulated without
      adherence, while PTFE showed tissue ingrowth. Maximal inspiratory force was
      equivalent in all groups but selective PNS revealed left-sided impairment in all
      experimental groups. Fluoroscopy showed paradoxical motion of the diaphragm in
      the muscle flap group for 1 to 2 months, and in the silastic repair group for 2
      to 3 weeks, with near normal motion in the PTFE group for the entire
      postoperative period. These differences disappeared by 6 months. Prosthetic
      materials or muscle flaps are all safe for repair of large diaphragmatic hernias.
      Diaphragmatic growth occurs and the prosthesis remains in place. Physiologic
      impairment is minimal and not of clinical importance. Use of PTFE may be the
      preferred method as it develops better tissue incorporation and results in more
      normal diaphragmatic motion in the critical early postoperative period.

PMID- 4045662
TI  - Juvenile secretory carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - Juvenile secretory carcinoma of the breast, a rare tumor in infants and children,
      has an unusual histological appearance and clinical behavior. Isolated case
      reports and small series have appeared since this lesion was first described by
      McDivitt and Stewart in 1966. Our case of a 3-year-old boy with axillary
      metastasis and 17 cases in children, from the literature, provide the basis of
      this review. Of the 18 patients, there were three boys and 15 girls. Their ages
      ranged from 3 to 17 years (mean 9.8 years). All patients presented with an
      asymptomatic mass in the breast. None had nodes which were clinically involved.
      Eight patients had excisional biopsy only. Two patients had quadrantectomy. Four
      had simple mastectomy; one of whom received postoperative axillary irradiation,
      and one of whom had axillary nodal sampling (our patient). One patient had a
      modified radical mastectomy and three had radical mastectomy. Two of eight
      children who had excisional biopsy alone developed local recurrences. In the
      first patient, the recurrences occurred at 2 and 8 years following initial
      therapy. In the second, they occurred at 4 and 21 years. Axillary nodal
      metastases were found in three of the six patients in whom nodal biopsies were
      performed. In only one patient were estrogen receptors measured and they were
      negative. No deaths have been reported in children during a follow-up period
      ranging from 0 to 22 years (mean 6.5 years). Secretory carcinoma of the breast in
      this group of patients appears to be a slow growing, locally recurring
      malignancy. Adults with histologically similar tumors also have a good prognosis.
      Excisional biopsy is probably inadequate therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4045663
TI  - The anterior cricoid split procedure for the management of subglottic stenosis in
      infants and children.
AB  - Severe acquired subglottic stenosis occurs most commonly in infants and children
      who require long-term ventilatory support with indwelling endotracheal tubes for
      underlying respiratory disease. A variety of operative and endoscopic procedures
      have been advocated for this problem including endoscopic fulguration,
      cryotherapy, direct incision or excision, and several types of extensive direct
      laryngotracheoplasties. The failure rate with these procedures is high. We have
      treated 22 patients including 12 neonates and 10 older children with acquired
      airway injury and obstruction with a simple cricoid split. In 15 patients the
      airway obstruction was completely relieved and these youngsters were extubated
      without difficulty. An additional 3 patients failed initial extubation which was
      subsequently successful, however, after repeat intubation for a short period of
      time. Endoscopic follow-up shows complete healing of the incised area. In 2
      neonates the procedure was unsuccessful, and tracheotomy was needed. One of these
      had additional severe airway injury in the distal tracheobronchial tree secondary
      to selective bronchial intubation in the newborn period. Two older children also
      required tracheotomy because of severe airway scarring unrelieved by this
      procedure. The cricoid split is a simple and successful way of dealing with
      subglottic stenosis, especially in the newborn premature infant. A significant
      advantage is that it disturbs the anatomy very little, allowing for more
      extensive laryngotracheoplasty in the future should it fail.

PMID- 4045664
TI  - Necrotizing tracheobronchitis: a new indication for emergency bronchoscopy in the
      neonate.
AB  - Necrotizing tracheobronchitis (NTB) is a recently recognized cause of tracheal
      obstruction in the mechanically ventilated neonate. This process involves
      inflammation and necrosis of the mucosa of the distal trachea and mainstem
      bronchi. The sloughing of this material into the tracheal lumen results in
      plugging and acute respiratory distress. We documented this diagnosis in 19
      infants. Four were diagnosed at autopsy. Fifteen had emergency bronchoscopy
      performed in the neonatal intensive care unit with removal of the obstructing
      debris. Ten of these 15 neonates survived (66.7%). The diagnosis of necrotizing
      tracheobronchitis should be suspected in those neonates requiring positive
      pressure ventilation in whom a sudden unexplained increase in ventilatory
      requirements develops. This is often associated with hypercarbia and a history of
      high-peak inspiratory pressures with or without hypoxia. Emergency bronchoscopy
      in these neonates is necessary both for diagnosis and treatment of the
      necrotizing tracheobronchitis.

PMID- 4045665
TI  - Total lung lavage for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in an infant without the use
      of cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a rare disease that usually affects the adult
      patient, but is now being recognized as a possible cause of neonatal respiratory
      distress. In the adult patient, whole lung lavage, as described by Ramirez-R in
      1965, is considered the most effective therapy for management of this condition.
      The lavage can be accomplished safely and with relative ease by using a Carlens
      or Robertshaw tube to isolate and lavage one lung while ventilating the other.
      The unavailability of a small double-lumen tube makes this procedure impossible
      in the pediatric age group. Therefore, whole lung lavage has been possible in
      only a few children in the past with the help of cardiopulmonary bypass to allow
      simultaneous oxygenation during the pulmonary lavage. Due to the hazards and
      technical difficulties of cardiopulmonary bypass, total pulmonary lavage can not
      be considered a practical option in the very small infant. A 15-week-old infant
      is reported, weighing 2 kg with a diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis,
      who underwent total pulmonary lavage safely on three different occasions without
      employing cardiopulmonary bypass. A double-lumen Swan-Ganz catheter, introduced
      transbronchoscopically through the side-arm of a rigid, 3.5-mm Storz bronchoscope
      was used to isolate and lavage one lung while ventilation to the other lung was
      maintained through the bronchoscope. A Nellcor oximeter, utilized for
      transcutaneous monitoring, revealed satisfactory oxygen saturation during the
      entire pulmonary lavage. The transbronchoscopic lavage was monitored under direct
      vision with a video monitor, ensuring correct position of the bronchoscope and
      the catheter at all times.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045666
TI  - Subclavian Broviac catheters in children--technical considerations in 146
      consecutive placements.
AB  - During a 42-month span, 146 subclavian Broviac type catheters were placed in 129
      children. In an additional 6 patients, a venotomy was necessary for successful
      cannulation, bringing the total number of attempts to 152. Indications were:
      parenteral nutrition (78), chemotherapy/bone marrow transplant (54), longterm
      antibiotic or other medication administration (14). Fifty-two were under 1 year
      of age. Forty-one weighed less than 5 kg and 7 were under 1 kg. Thirty-five had
      previous central lines (subclavian Broviacs--15). Additional procedures were
      common (31). Eight had thrombocytopenia. Insertion related problems were
      inability to cannulate vein--6 (3.9%). All had successful catheter placement by
      cut down. Over five punctures--27 (17.7%). Initially misdirected catheters--13
      (8.9%) and, Arterial puncture--four (2.6%). Complications were pneumothorax--two.
      Tube thoracostomy required in one (650 g). Subclavian vein thrombosis after
      unsuccessful cannulation--one (1500 g). Questionable phrenic nerve injury--one
      (900 g). Transient venous occlusion of left arm--one (650 g). Accidental catheter
      damage--two; and air embolization without consequences, perioperative catheter
      clotting, and hematoma of tract occurred once each. There was no catheter-related
      mortality. Because the only complications producing untoward sequelae were in
      very small infants, our present recommendation is that if successful cannulation
      of the subclavian is not possible with the first few passages of the needle, a
      cut-down insertion is preferred in this group. Our experience indicates that
      subclavian indwelling central catheter placement in the pediatric population can
      be accomplished with a low morbidity.

PMID- 4045667
TI  - Long-term follow-up of infants and children treated with extracorporeal membrane
      oxygenation (ECMO): a preliminary report.
AB  - Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) has been used clinically as a life
      saving treatment modality in infants and children who are dying of respiratory
      insufficiency. From 1973 to 1980 47 children less than 10 years of age were
      treated in a study to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of ECMO in the
      pediatric population. Despite a predicted mortality of 90% or greater, 24
      patients survived. Eighteen of those patients have been seen in long-term follow
      up. Thirteen patients (72%) demonstrate basically normal growth and development.
      Five patients (28%) have definite handicaps which are severe in two. Despite
      ligation of one common carotid artery and systemic heparinization, the risk of
      intracranial hemorrhage and/or neurodevelopmental problems appears to be no
      higher in this ECMO group and may even be lower than in the high-risk population
      treated with conventional therapy. The incidence of chronic respiratory problems,
      especially bronchopulmonary dysplasia, is zero in this group of patients. Only
      one patient (4%) has a defect that lateralizes to the right hemisphere which may
      have been affected by ligation of the carotid artery. Further study is required;
      however, it appears that ECMO offers life-saving intervention without increasing
      morbidity in select children with severe respiratory insufficiency.

PMID- 4045668
TI  - "Balanced" thoracic drainage is the method of choice to control intrathoracic
      pressure following repair of diaphragmatic hernia.
AB  - Respiratory failure from pulmonary hypoplasia continues to be the major cause of
      death in newborn infants with diaphragmatic hernia. Recent investigations have
      suggested that postnatally induced pulmonary injury can result from excessive
      positive or negative intrathoracic pressure and contribute to the respiratory
      deterioration. Therefore, the method of thoracic drainage on the side of the
      diaphragmatic hernia is critical in controlling and maintaining normal
      intrathoracic pressure in both intrathoracic spaces. No chest tube or an
      ipsilateral chest tube connected to water seal, can result in either excessive
      negative or positive intrathoracic pressure and, therefore, both methods should
      be avoided. Recently, we employed a "balanced" intrathoracic drainage system
      which maintains the ipsilateral intrathoracic pressure within the normal
      physiologic range of +2 to -8 cm H2O regardless of the degree of pulmonary
      hypoplasia, presence of an ipsilateral pulmonary air leak, straining by the
      infant, or mechanical ventilation. This system is simple, requires no suction
      apparatus, and is easily assembled with equipment readily available within the
      hospital. This technique has been utilized in 18 newborn infants with
      diaphragmatic hernia and pulmonary hypoplasia. There have been no complications
      which specifically could be related to the balanced drainage system.

PMID- 4045669
TI  - Intraoperative diagnostic pneumoperitoneum in pediatric patients with unilateral
      inguinal hernias: the Goldstein test.
AB  - Over a four-year period 256 infants and children presenting with unilateral
      inguinal hernias underwent intraoperative diagnostic pneumoperitoneum to evaluate
      the contralateral groin. Sixty one patients had positive results and underwent
      contralateral hernia repair. Of the 195 negative tests 3 presented later with
      either a hernia, communicating hydrocele or cord hydrocele (false negative rate
      of 1.5%). This test represents a safe, economical, rapid, and accurate means to
      evaluate the contralateral groin in the pediatric patient presenting with a
      unilateral inguinal hernia.

PMID- 4045670
TI  - The disappearance of free air after pediatric laparotomy.
AB  - The disappearance of intraperitoneal free air after pediatric laparotomy has been
      the subject of much talk and speculation, but little scientific publication.
      Moreover, there is no unanimous opinion as to the "correct" time of disappearance
      of such postoperative free air. Eighty-eight pediatric surgical patients ranging
      in age from newborn to 18 years were studied after each had a laparotomy to
      determine when the postoperative free intraabdominal air disappeared. Upright
      abdominal x-rays were taken in each patient starting on the second day after
      operation and these x-rays were repeated every few days until the free air was no
      longer visible. No more than eight such single upright abdominal x-rays were
      taken in any one patient, the majority having only two or three. Free air under
      the diaphragm(s) was the specific criterion followed until disappearance of the
      free air. At the time of the x-ray, the temperature was noted, as well as the
      presence or absence of the following: nasogastric suction, bowel sounds, flatus,
      stools, drains, and wound infection. The patients in this series fit into three
      distinct groups: all newborns and small infants had no free air seen on upright x
      rays by the second postoperative day. The free air found in older infants and
      children operated on through small abdominal incisions (eg, McBurney) was gone in
      most by the third postoperative day, with the longest time being eight
      days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045671
TI  - Intra-abdominal complications of cystic fibrosis.
AB  - In recent years patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have experienced longterm
      survival and have demonstrated a number of intra-abdominal complications. This
      report evaluates the intra-abdominal complications seen in 69 of 189 children
      with cystic fibrosis from 1972 to 1983. Forty-one patients were boys and twenty
      eight girls. Complications occurred in 36 neonates, with meconium ileus (MI)
      noted in 33 and giant cystic meconium peritonitis (GCMP) in 3. Meconium ileus
      equivalent occurred in seven older children presenting with bowel obstruction. In
      addition, rectal prolapse occurred in 12, inguinal hernia in 10, intussusception
      in 3, cholelithiasis in 3, GE reflux in 4, stress ulcer in 1 and appendicitis in
      1. Three infants with GCMP survived resection and enterostomy. Infants with MI
      were divided into simple (15) or complicated (18) cases. Nonoperative therapy
      using gastrografin enema was successful in three of eight with simple MI.
      Operative enterotomy and irrigation was successful in three cases while resection
      and enterostomy was done in nine. MI was complicated by atresia, volvulus and/or
      perforation in 18 cases requiring resection and anastomosis or enterostomy.
      Survival for MI was 86% compared to 36% in 25 MI patients treated in the previous
      two decades. Meconium ileus equivalent was successfully managed using
      gastrografin enema in five of seven children. Only 3 of 12 children with rectal
      prolapse required repair. Two cases of intussusception were reduced while one
      required resection. Three of 10 children had hernia recurrence due to chronic
      pulmonary problems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045672
TI  - An alternate method for intraoperative cholangiography in infants with severe
      obstructive jaundice.
AB  - Differentiation between biliary atresia, biliary hypoplasia and severe neonatal
      hepatitis continues to require direct visualization of the biliary ducts. This is
      usually accomplished by operative cholangiography using radiographic contrast
      material. Recently, we have employed an alternate technique of operative
      cholangiography using methylene blue. This method identifies patent biliary ducts
      by direct visualization. Methylene blue cholangiography (MBC) has been used in 16
      infants with severe obstructive jaundice. In contrast to the radiopaque
      cholangiogram, MBC more accurately demonstrated biliary hypoplasia in two
      patients. In addition to the better resolution obtained by MBC, it can be
      performed in considerably less time than that usually required for x-ray
      cholangiography.

PMID- 4045673
TI  - Surgical management of choledochal cysts: a review of 60 cases.
AB  - Sixty cases of choledochal cysts in children are reviewed. The series comprises
      55 cases of Alonso-Lej. Type 1 cysts, two cases whose cysts were infraduodenal
      and retropancreatic in position, and three cases of choledochal cysts with both
      proximal and distal atresia of bile ducts. The following five types of operative
      procedures were employed for the 58 cases: (1) Choledochocystoduodenostomy in 12;
      (2) Partial excision, choledochorraphy and choledocho-duodenostomy in six; (3)
      Cyst excision, portal dissection and portojejunostomy in three; (4)
      Choledochocystojejunostomy Roux-en-Y in 20; and (5) Cyst excision with
      hepaticojejunostomy Roux-en-Y in 17 cases. Two patients did not receive
      definitive surgical treatment. Early complications included six cases of leakage,
      of which one died; and four cases of cholangitis and septicemia, resulting in
      fatality in all. The overall operative mortality was 5/58 (8.6%). This review,
      though retrospective in nature, further supports the more recent trend that
      radical cyst excision with hepaticojejunostomy is the treatment of choice. This
      procedure carried no mortality and low morbidity. All 17 patients treated in this
      manner are well and free from jaundice and recurrent cholangitis. Cyst excision
      eliminates the reservoir for bile stasis, biliary obstruction, cholangitis, and
      biliary cirrhosis. It also removes the possibility of malignant change in the
      cyst and spontaneous rupture.

PMID- 4045674
TI  - Forme fruste choledochal cyst.
AB  - Four patients had the characteristic features of choledochal cyst except for the
      cystic component. All patients had stenosis of the distal common bile duct, a
      "long common channel" secondary to a proximal junction of the common bile and
      pancreatic ducts, cholecystitis and the classic pathological microscopic features
      of choledochal cyst in the wall of the common bile duct. Three children had
      coexisting intrahepatic duct cysts and/or stenosis and one had intrahepatic
      choledocholithiasis. The clinical presentations were cholangitis (2),
      pancreatitis (1) and biliary obstruction (1). In all cases the common bile duct
      was resected and biliary reconstruction was carried out by choledochojejunostomy
      (Roux-en-Y). Morbidity was minor except in one patient with ductal disease
      extending far into the intrahepatic ducts. This child developed an anastomotic
      stricture requiring revision of the anastomosis and long-term "U" tube stenting.
      Forme fruste choledochal cyst appears to be another variation in the spectrum of
      pancreaticobiliary malformations of choledochal cyst. Treatment is identical,
      that is, excision of all malformed ductal tissue.

PMID- 4045676
TI  - Routine contrast enemas for diagnosing and managing strictures following
      nonoperative treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis.
AB  - A study to determine the value of contrast enemas in diagnosing and managing
      intestinal strictures following nonoperative treatment of necrotizing
      enterocolitis was performed from 1978 through 1983. From 1974 through 1977, 17
      patients survived nonoperative treatment of NEC and three developed symptomatic
      strictures, an incidence of 18% (3/17). Since then a total of 31 infants were
      treated for NEC; three patients survived operation for perforation and there were
      seven deaths, leaving 21 in the study group. Sixteen patients had contrast enemas
      three to six weeks after resolution of NEC, which revealed strictures in five
      patients. Four of the five patients with strictures demonstrated on contrast
      enema were without obstructive symptoms. Three of the four remained asymptomatic
      without treatment, and one eventually required surgery for intestinal
      obstruction. The fifth patient developed intestinal obstruction while still in
      the nursery and a contrast study demonstrated an ileal stricture. A sixth patient
      had a normal contrast study and developed intestinal obstruction from an ileal
      stricture. The incidence of strictures was 38% (6/16). In five patients,
      appointments for contrast studies were not kept, although clinical follow-up was
      complete in all. The incidence of symptomatic strictures for the contrast study
      period was therefore 14% (3/21). Although some authors have recommended routine
      contrast enemas in patients surviving nonoperative treatment of NEC, contrast
      enemas had no advantage over clinical follow-up in the management of patients in
      this study. We have discontinued the use of routine contrast enemas in favor of
      close follow-up and careful instruction to parents as to the early signs of
      intestinal obstruction.

PMID- 4045675
TI  - Total intestinal aganglionosis.
AB  - Total Intestinal Aganglionosis is a rare, uniformly fatal condition with absence
      of ganglia from the duodenum to the rectum. A neonate with this extreme form of
      Hirschsprung's disease is presented with a review of 12 previously reported
      cases. Smooth muscle strips from this infant's gastrointestinal tract
      demonstrated viable cholinergic receptors, absence of intrinsic neuronal
      innervation, and colonic contractile activity to the purported peptidergic
      neurotransmitter cholecystokinin. Four aspects of total intestinal aganglionosis
      are noteworthy: (1) one-third of patients presented between four and eight days
      of age after passing meconium on the first day of life; (2) at laparotomy, no
      intestinal distention, obstruction, or transition zone was evident; (3)
      hypertrophic nerve fibers seen in classic Hirschsprung's disease were absent in
      one-quarter of patients; and (4) a high incidence of affected siblings occurred
      in the previously reported cases. This form of Hirschsprung's disease may
      represent a distinct entity with autosomal recessive inheritance and significant
      risk for recurrence.

PMID- 4045677
TI  - Depression vs. paranoia: why are there sex differences in mental illness?

PMID- 4045678
TI  - Gender and victimization by intimates.
AB  - Recent data demonstrate that, although gender has an impact upon the experience
      of being a victim of an intimate's violence, there is no particular personality
      pattern that leads one to become a victim. Rather, women--who are socialized to
      adapt and submit, and who are likely to become victims of men's sexual violence
      or physical abuse--may not develop adequate self-protection skills as children,
      especially if they come from childhood homes in which females are victimized,
      leading to a later vulnerability to physical and sexual abuse. Men, however,
      socialized to express anger and aggression in an outward manner, learn to model
      the abuse witnessed or experienced in childhood and often learn that women are
      the "appropriate" recipients of this violence. Social learning theories of
      modeling and aggression are used to explain how such personality patterns
      develop, and the theory of learned helplessness is used to explain battered
      women's coping responses to their partners' abusive behavior. The extreme
      situation, in which a battered woman kills her partner in self-defense, is
      analyzed in order to understand women victims' sense of desperation and
      entrapment in severely abusive relationships and the extent to which their
      behaviors are in reaction to the abuse perpetrated by the mate.

PMID- 4045679
TI  - Lives of women who became autonomous.
AB  - We examine the lives and growth processes of women who have achieved considerable
      development of personality. Subjects of study are seven women in a longitudinal
      sample who, at ages 42-45, are classified by the Loevinger Sentence Completion
      Test at the highest ego-levels. As a way of describing their lives, all seven are
      analyzed in terms of Levinson's model of male development, one case is presented
      in terms of Gilligan's model of female development, another in terms of
      Loevinger's general model, and linkages among theories are observed.
      Characteristics of Loevinger's autonomous stage are illustrated and the extent to
      which they are gender-related is discussed. Findings show that women with very
      different personalities, problems, and ways of life can attain a high level of
      ego-development; that their lives tend not to have been orthodox or easy; and
      that theories of adult development are useful but uneven in application.

PMID- 4045680
TI  - Individual differences in moral development: the relation of sex, gender, and
      personality to morality.
AB  - Individual differences in moral development are examined, with a particular
      emphasis on sex and gender differences. This examination includes an extensive
      review of the empirical and theoretical literature in psychology on morality.
      Based on this review, it is concluded that sex differences occur with less
      frequency and with a less systematic favoring of males than is predicted by
      several theories of moral development. In addition, a study is presented which
      considers the relation of sex, gender, and personality to morality. Two age
      cohort samples, college sophomores (n = 169) and adults (n = 151), were assessed
      with the moral judgment scale of the cognitive-developmental model (Kohlberg,
      1984) and a newly developed moral character template of the personological model
      (Lifton, in press). Participants also completed the CPI and MMPI personality
      inventories. Results of the study indicate (1) the absence of sex differences for
      either model, (2) the presence of gender differences favoring masculine persons
      for the cognitive-developmental but not personological model, and (3) that
      individual differences in moral development parallel individual differences in
      personality development. The implications of these findings are discussed with
      regard to Gilligan's (1982) claim that men and women differ in their moral
      orientations. Finally, it is argued that an individual difference approach,
      particularly one that emphasizes personality, would prove useful for future
      research on moral development.

PMID- 4045681
TI  - Conceptualizing gender in personality theory and research.

PMID- 4045682
TI  - Boundary disturbance in borderline and psychotic states.
AB  - This study examines evidence for boundary disturbances in depressive, borderline,
      and schizophrenic hospitalized inpatients. Certain thought disorder signs on the
      Rorschach are reconceptualized as indices of boundary formation, which is defined
      as the capacity to create particular distinctions along wome bipolar coordinate
      of experience where previously no distinction was possible, and which defines
      each cluster of experience through a maintenance of differential functioning. The
      borderline group scored significantly high on the indices of laxness and
      moderately severe inner-outer boundary formation. The schizophrenic group scored
      significantly higher on indices of self-other and somewhat higher on severe inner
      outer boundary disturbance. Schizophrenics may be organized at a level of self
      other boundary formation which subsumes inner-outer boundary formation, while the
      borderline group is organized at a level of inner-outer boundary formation.

PMID- 4045684
TI  - The MCMI provides a good assessment of DSM-III disorders: the MCMI-II will prove
      even better.
AB  - Although the arguments that Widiger, Williams, Spitzer and Frances muster in
      their appraisal of MCMI-DSM-III relationships appear compelling, the study
      employed to furnish empirical support for their thesis may be seriously flawed
      and the item content approach they propose as a validation model is judged
      logically and psychometrically deficient. A rejoinder with supportive data are
      presented to demonstrate both the substantive parallels and the clinical
      concordance that exist between MCMI and DSM-III criteria. On the basis of theory
      development and ongoing research, a new MCMI-II assessment instrument will be
      forthcoming. A brief summary of this updated inventory's rationale and empirical
      grounding is provided.

PMID- 4045683
TI  - The MCMI as a measure of DSM-III.
AB  - The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) has been interpreted as a measure
      of DSM-III disorders. However, the MCMI was constructed and validated primarily
      as a measure of Millon's (1969, 1981) taxonomy, not DSM-III. Comparison of the
      two taxonomies and examination of the MCMI's content validity for two of the MCMI
      scales indicate only a partial congruence between the Millon and DSM-III
      taxonomies. There has been no published empirical research concerning the
      relationship between the MCMI and DSM-III, and the derivation and cross
      validation research for the MCMI scales employed Millon's taxonomy and not DSM
      III. It is suggested that until such data have been presented one should be
      cautious in one's interpretation of the MCMI as a measure of DSM-III disorders.

PMID- 4045685
TI  - Refining personality assessments by combining MCMI high point profiles and MMPI
      codes, Part I: MMPI code 28/82.
AB  - In this study it has been shown that the addition of MCMI high-point code types
      to the MMPI 28/82 code type clarifies contradictory MMPI descriptors and locates
      three distinct clinical clusters. These MMPI/MCMI clusters were defined as an
      interpersonally acting-in group, an emotionally acting-out group and an
      emotionally acting-in group to describe the levels on which they
      characteristically operate. The results of this study lend support to the utility
      of combining two objective assessment instruments for the purposes of identifying
      and discriminating subtleties among relevant personality disorders (DSM-III: Axis
      II) and clinical syndromes (DSM-III: Axis I).

PMID- 4045686
TI  - A nine-parameter model for psychological assessment.
AB  - This paper presents a model for viewing assessment from nine vantage points
      simultaneously. Each of these dimensions or 'parameters' is divided into
      sublevels. The power and usefulness of the resultant model stems from the variety
      of possible unique interactions among these dimensions and their sublevels. The
      model has the following useful properties: (a) it provides a multidimensional
      definition of several aspects of psychological assessment, (b) it serves as a
      checklist and guide for the criticism of existing psychological tests and
      measures, (c) it has potential heuristic value in the generation of new measures
      and tests, (d) it is flexible, in that new parameters may be added and sublevels
      changed to suit specific needs, and (e) it is presented visually as a spatial
      model, thus allowing the viewer a more 'concrete' appreciation of what are really
      theoretical interactions.

PMID- 4045687
TI  - A comparison of clinical accuracy ratings of interpretive approaches for
      adolescent MMPI responses.
AB  - This study examined profile characteristics and clinical accuracy ratings of
      three interpretive approaches commonly employed with adolescent MMPI responses.
      Subjects were 26 male (average age = 14.3 years) and 34 female (average age =
      15.2 years) inpatient adolescents. Each MMPI protocol generated three multiple
      paragraph narratives based upon: adult norms using adult descriptors (adult
      interpretive approach); adolescent norms and adolescent descriptors (adolescent
      interpretive approach); and adolescent norms and adult descriptors (mixed
      interpretive approach). Narratives were rated for accuracy by the patients'
      individual therapists following a minimum of five psychotherapy sessions. While
      the adolescent interpretive approach was rated significantly less accurate than
      either the adult or mixed interpretive approaches, all three interpretive
      approaches were judged to be of limited clinical accuracy.

PMID- 4045688
TI  - The validity of the Carlson Psychological Survey with adolescents.
AB  - The present study examined the factorial and predictive validity of the Carlson
      Psychological Survey with male adolescent offenders (n = 350). Factor analysis
      revealed that, in general, the Carlson is well represented by five scales. Of the
      four content scales, Antisocial Tendencies proved to be the best of a variety of
      predictors of institutional adjustment. Thought Disturbance and Self-Depreciation
      were unrelated to staff ratings on the Behavior Problem Checklist 'Personality
      Problem' Scale; however, they were positively correlated with the Social Anxiety
      and Withdrawal scales of the Jesness Inventory. The pattern of these
      correlations, as well as those between Antisocial Tendencies and the behavioral
      data, suggest that the Carlson Psychological Survey may be a good indicator of
      internalizing versus externalizing behavioral and attitudinal styles.

PMID- 4045689
TI  - The Beck Inventory: psychometric properties in university students.
AB  - The psychometric properties of the Beck Inventory (BI), a revised, copyrighted
      version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), were investigated in 204
      university students. Two-week test-retest reliability was .90, coefficient alpha
      was .87, concurrent validity using the BDI as the criterion was .94, and the
      correlation between level of depression as measured by the two instruments was
      .86. The mean score on the BI was significantly but only one-half point lower
      than that on the BDI. Individual items were all highly and significantly
      correlated, but a significantly lower BI mean score occurred on the Sadness,
      Suicidal Ideas and Insomnia items. Depression was not significantly related to
      demographic variables.

PMID- 4045690
TI  - The Egocentricity Index and Self-Esteem in court ordered psychiatric evaluations.
AB  - An attempt was made to test the hypothesis that the Egocentricity Index (Exner,
      1974), a ratio which incorporates pair and reflection responses, is related to
      self-esteem. Sixty criminal defendants referred for psychiatric evaluation were
      routinely administered the Rorschach. After all other testing was completed the
      subjects were asked to complete the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory. Results
      found no significant relationships between the Egocentricity Index and self
      esteem as measured by the Coopersmith. It was recommended that the Egocentricity
      Index not be used as a measure of self-esteem until research evidence to support
      its use in this manner is provided.

PMID- 4045691
TI  - Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on the Interaction between Biological Membranes
      and Drugs. Tokyo, November 12-13, 1984. Abstracts.

PMID- 4045692
TI  - Studies on the absorption of sodium guaiazulene-3-sulfonate. I.
AB  - From the view points of safety and efficacy of sodium guaiazulene-3-sulfonate
      (GAS) after oral cavity administration, the absorption behavior of GAS was
      investigated in rats and rabbits and following results were obtained. 1) GAS was
      absorbed not from oral cavity but from nasal cavity in rats and rabbits. 2) The
      in situ perfusion experiments revealed the existence of dose-dependent specific
      absorption mechanism in the rat small intestine. 3) GAS was absorbed from neither
      the rat stomach nor the rectum. These facts reveal that GAS transfers into the
      systemic circulation only through the small intestine after the clinical
      application to the oral cavity. And these absorption characteristics of GAS are
      suited for its direct action on the inflamed oral mucosa. When GAS is
      administered into the oral cavity, the safety is at least the same as that
      obtained after oral administration.

PMID- 4045693
TI  - Studies on the absorption of sodium guaiazulene-3-sulfonate. II. Absorption
      mechanism from nasal and intestinal membrane.
AB  - To examine the absorption mechanism of sodium guaiazulene-3-sulfonate (GAS)
      through the nasal and the intestinal membrane, the apparent absorption rate under
      the various experimental conditions was measured with the in situ perfusion
      method in rats, and the apparent partition coefficient of GAS was also
      determined. The absorption rate of GAS changed biphasically depending on the
      initial GAS concentration in the perfusate. At the lower concentration range
      (less than 1 mg/ml), the absorption rate of GAS decreased with the increased in
      the concentration, and the absorption was inhibited by HgCl2 and ouabain.
      However, at the higher concentration range (greater than 1 mg/ml), the absorption
      rate from the nasal mucosa increased markedly with the increase in the
      concentration, and ouabain had no effect. The apparent partition coefficient of
      GAS increased with the increase in the concentration of GAS, and GAS was found to
      be readily transferred to the organic phase by forming ion-pair complexes with
      the cation such as NH4+ ion. These results suggested that GAS is absorbed through
      the nasal membrane by at least two kinds of mechanisms: one is a carrier mediated
      system and the other is a hydrophobic interaction with the nasal mucosa which is
      increased by forming an ion-pair complex of GAS with cation.

PMID- 4045694
TI  - Pharmacokinetic evidence for blood flow depression in dose dependent disposition
      of 4-aminoantipyrine in rabbits.
AB  - Pharmacokinetic relationships have been developed to characterize a one
      compartment drug disposition model which includes perfusion limited elimination
      processes. The derived expressions have been applied to plasma concentration and
      urinary excretion data obtained after rapid intravenous administration of 4
      aminoantipyrine to rabbits. The mathematical relationships and experimental data
      demonstrate that dose dependent disposition of 4-aminoantipyrine is a result of
      reduced renal and hepatic blood flow caused by the drug itself.

PMID- 4045695
TI  - Influence of acute renal failure on pharmacokinetics of phenolsulfonphthalein in
      rats: a comparative study in vivo and in the simultaneous perfusion system of
      liver and kidney.
AB  - The effect of acute renal failure (ARF) on the disposition of
      phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) after intravenous administration was investigated in
      rats. ARF was induced by the subcutaneous injection of uranyl nitrate to rats.
      Renal excretion of PSP decreased significantly in ARF compared to that in normal
      controls. On the other hand, rats with ARF showed an increased biliary excretion
      of PSP to compensate for reduced renal excretion of the drug. Consequently no
      significant change was found in total body clearance of PSP between control and
      ARF. The in vitro binding experiment showed that the binding fraction of PSP to
      ARF plasma was significantly lower than that to control plasma. In order to
      clarify the regulatory mechanisms of PSP excretion between liver and kidney in
      ARF, we developed a simultaneous perfusion system of rat liver and kidney, which
      could control the flow rate and the constituent of the perfusate. In this
      perfusion system, neither biliary excretion nor the protein binding of PSP
      differed significantly between control and ARF, though its renal excretion
      decreased in ARF in a similar manner as in vivo. These results suggest that
      alterations in plasma protein binding as well as renal excretory function are
      determinants of PSP disposition in ARF.

PMID- 4045696
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of plasma and urine clenbuterol in man, rat, and rabbit.
AB  - Therapeutic dose (20, 40 and 80 micrograms/man) of clenbuterol hydrochloride, a
      beta 2-adrenergic stimulant, was orally administered to healthy volunteers, and
      the unmetabolized drug in plasma and urine was determined by enzyme immunoassay.
      The plasma levels of clenbuterol reached the maximum value of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.35
      ng/ml, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner within 2.5 h, which lasted for
      over 6 h after the administration. The half-life of clenbuterol in plasma was
      estimated to be about 35 h. When the drug was orally administered repeatedly to
      men twice a day, the plasma level reached the plateau within 4 d after the
      initial administration. At that time, the plasma levels of the unchanged form
      were 0.2 to 0.3 ng/ml and 0.5 to 0.6 ng/ml at doses of 20 and 40 micrograms/man,
      respectively. The bound ratio of the drug to plasma protein was estimated to be
      89-98% at a single administration of 80 micrograms of the drug. The cumulative
      urinary excretion of unchanged compound corresponded to about 20% of the
      administered dose as measured at 72 h following a single oral administration.
      When clenbuterol hydrochloride was orally administered to rats at a dose of 2
      micrograms/kg, the plasma level reached the maximum at about 1 h after the
      administration. In rabbits, the plasma concentrations reached the maximum value
      of about 0.2 and 0.8 ng/ml within 2 h following administration of clenbuterol
      hydrochloride at doses of 0.5 and 2 micrograms/kg, respectively. The half-life of
      clenbuterol in plasma was about 30 h in rats and about 9 h in rabbits.

PMID- 4045697
TI  - The hostile media phenomenon: biased perception and perceptions of media bias in
      coverage of the Beirut massacre.
AB  - After viewing identical samples of major network television coverage of the
      Beirut massacre, both pro-Israeli and pro-Arab partisans rated these programs,
      and those responsible for them, as being biased against their side. This hostile
      media phenomenon appears to involve the operation of two separate mechanisms.
      First, partisans evaluated the fairness of the media's sample of facts and
      arguments differently: in light of their own divergent views about the objective
      merits of each side's case and their corresponding views about the nature of
      unbiased coverage. Second, partisans reported different perceptions and
      recollections about the program content itself; that is, each group reported more
      negative references to their side than positive ones, and each predicted that the
      coverage would sway nonpartisans in a hostile direction. Within both partisan
      groups, furthermore, greater knowledge of the crisis was associated with stronger
      perceptions of media bias. Charges of media bias, we concluded, may reflect more
      than self-serving attempts to secure preferential treatment. They may result from
      the operation of basic cognitive and perceptual mechanisms, mechanisms that
      should prove relevant to perceptions of fairness or objectivity in a wide range
      of mediation and negotiation contexts.

PMID- 4045698
TI  - A person-environment analysis of job stress: a contingency model explanation.
AB  - The contingency model of leadership was applied in a field study of job stress.
      Fifty-one university administrators completed a series of questionnaires that
      assessed their leadership style, degree of situational control within their work
      setting, perceived job stress, physical health, and psychological well-being.
      Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) showed that administrators whose
      leadership style and level of situational control were "in match" reported
      significantly less job stress, fewer health problems, and fewer days missed from
      work than administrators who were "out of match." The results are discussed as
      supporting the person-environment fit model of job stress.

PMID- 4045700
TI  - Depression and cognitive style: comparisons between measures.
AB  - Several instruments have been developed recently to measure cognitive styles
      associated with depression. At least four of them appear to have an underlying
      similarity. Each appears to reflect a tendency for respondents to infer a general
      lack of self-worth (or a continued likelihood of bad events) on the basis of a
      single discrete failure. The present research was a comparative test of one of
      these scales against the other three in terms of associations with Beck
      Depression Inventory (BDI) scores. Though all instruments were significantly
      correlated with BDI, partial correlations revealed that our generalization scale
      was a more robust predictor of BDI than were (a) a measure of characterological
      self-blame, (b) a measure of cognitive bias, and (c) a measure of attributional
      style.

PMID- 4045699
TI  - Updating Norman's "Adequate Taxonomy": intelligence and personality dimensions in
      natural language and in questionnaires.
AB  - Research on the dimensions of personality represented in the English language has
      repeatedly led to the identification of five factors (Norman, 1963). An
      alternative classification of personality traits, based on analyses of
      standardized questionnaires, is provided by the NEO (Neuroticism, Extraversion,
      Openness) model (Costa & McCrae, 1980b). In this study we examined the
      correspondence between these two systems in order to evaluate their
      comprehensiveness as models of personality. A sample of 498 men and women,
      participants in a longitudinal study of aging, completed an instrument containing
      80 adjective pairs, which included 40 pairs proposed by Goldberg to measure the
      five dimensions. Neuroticism and extraversion factors from these items showed
      substantial correlations with corresponding NEO Inventory scales; however,
      analyses that included psychometric measures of intelligence suggested that the
      fifth factor in the Norman structure should be reconceptualized as openness to
      experience. Convergent correlations above .50 with spouse ratings on the NEO
      Inventory that were made three years earlier confirmed these relations across
      time, instrument, and source of data. We discuss the relations among culture,
      conscientiousness, openness, and intelligence, and we conclude that mental
      ability is a separate factor, though related to openness to experience.

PMID- 4045701
TI  - Life stress and health: personality, coping, and family support in stress
      resistance.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to extend work on factors that buffer the
      potentially negative health effects of life stress. Using a survey with a
      representative community sample, respondents were separated into a Distressed
      Group (high stress, high distress) and a Stress Resistant Group (high stress, low
      distress). Findings demonstrated that those who adapted to life stress with
      little physical or psychological strain were more easy-going and less inclined to
      use avoidance coping than individuals who became ill under stress. In addition,
      in the stress resistant group, men were more self-confident and women had better
      family support than their counterparts in the distressed group. Results are
      discussed in relation to earlier findings concerning "hardiness," avoidance
      coping, and the behavioral prescriptions of conventional sex roles.

PMID- 4045702
TI  - Value correlates of preventive health behavior.
AB  - In a postal survey, 113 respondents completed the Rokeach (1967) Terminal Value
      Survey with an additional value, "health," and 15 questions about their
      preventive health behavior (PHB). Correlation and regression analyses showed that
      health and other values were related to overall PHB, suggesting that health
      researchers should also consider the role of values other than health. In
      consistency with Rokeach's theory, respondents who reported good PHB valued
      health more than did those who reported poor PHB. There were also significant
      differences in the general value orientation of extraversion versus introversion.
      Health educators might apply knowledge of such differences to a value
      confrontation program. As hypothesized, regression analyses for each of the 15
      PHB items showed that health value was more likely to be predictive of behavior
      that involved a direct rather than indirect risk to health. For behaviorally
      consistent respondents, health value was correlated with both types of behavior,
      whereas for behaviorally inconsistent respondents, health value was only
      correlated with direct-risk behavior. This suggests that health researchers
      should ensure that subjects are aware of the relevance of a PHB to health before
      concluding that health value, or a related construct, cannot be predictive of
      PHB. Finally, the regression analyses suggest that it was possible to predict
      specific PHBs from the more general value ranks. This finding raised questions
      about the validity of Ajzen and Fishbein's (1977) notion of levels of specificity
      and provided further support to Rokeach's value theory.

PMID- 4045703
TI  - Anxiety and eating behavior in obese and nonobese American Indians and white
      Americans.
AB  - According to emotional arousal theory (EAT), when emotionally aroused, obese
      people overeat and nonobese people do not. Lower socioeconomic-status urban obese
      and nonobese American Indians and White Americans were compared on a test of EAT.
      Subjects were administered the trait anxiety form of the State-Trait Anxiety
      Inventory Scale (S-TAIS) and then assigned to a high-anxiety (HA) or low-anxiety
      (LA) condition. They were then administered the state form of the S-TAIS and
      given a taste task to determine whether EAT is preditive of eating behaviors for
      both ethnic groups. Assessment results indicated that women were more trait and
      state anxious than were men; HA women, all HA subjects, HA American Indians, and
      nonobese American Indians were more state anxious than were corresponding groups.
      Behavioral indicator results generally supported EAT: All obese and high-anxiety
      condition obese subjects consumed more food than did nonobese and low-anxiety
      condition obese subjects, respectively. The overall consumption of food was
      greater with American Indians than with White Americans. This indicates that EAT
      does not fully explain American Indian eating behavior. An alternative stress
      reaction theory is proposed to more fully account for American Indian eating
      behavior. Obese and nonobese American Indians overeat in response to stress. When
      stress occurs more frequently, intensely, and for longer duration, the potential
      for becoming obese increases (given food availability).

PMID- 4045704
TI  - Effect of alcoholic intoxication on the appreciation of different types of humor.
AB  - Male subjects were placed into one of three intoxication conditions (no ethanol,
      low dose, high dose) and were exposed to humorous segments from television
      programs. During manifest intoxication or the corresponding period in the no
      intoxication control condition, they were exposed, in a balanced order, to a
      segment containing blunt (i.e., unsophisticated, raw) humor and to a segment
      containing subtle (i.e., sophisticated, refined) humor. Subjects' facial
      reactions to the humorous stimuli were unobtrusively recorded and later analyzed
      by judges who were naive about the experimental conditions. Subjects also rated
      the funniness of the segments. The perceived funniness of blunt humor was found
      to increase with ethanol intoxication. For subtle humor, in contrast, perceived
      funniness was found to decrease with intoxication. This divergent interaction of
      reported humor appreciation was less apparent in the analysis of facial
      expressiveness. Although correlations between ratings and aspects of facial
      expression were generally positive, clearly corroborative support for the humor
      appraisals was found only in the frequency of smiles in response to subtle humor.

PMID- 4045705
TI  - Relinquishment of control and the type A behavior pattern: the role of
      performance evaluation.
AB  - We investigated the role of information processing in the control relinquishment
      decisions of Type As and Bs. Pairs of subjects worked independently on a task and
      received feedback indicating that their partner had performed at a comparable or
      superior level. On a second task, subjects combined their efforts and made
      decisions concerning who would work on different parts of that task. One third of
      the subjects made this decision before completing an evaluation of the initial
      performances. Another third completed the evaluation without knowing that they
      would subsequently make a control decision. The final third of the subjects
      completed their evaluations knowing that a control decision would follow. Results
      indicated that when the evaluations were completed last, or when the evaluations
      were completed first but without knowledge of the impending decision, Type As
      relinquished less control to a superior partner than did Type Bs. When the
      evaluations were completed with knowledge of an impending control decision, Type
      As and Bs did not differ in their decisions. These results suggest that under
      certain conditions, Type As use an automatic or mindless decision style with
      potentially maladaptive consequences.

PMID- 4045706
TI  - Intention, perceived control, and weight loss: an application of the theory of
      planned behavior.
AB  - Success at attempted weight reduction among college women was predicted on the
      basis of a theory of planned behavior. At the beginning of a 6-week period,
      participants expressed their attitudes, subjective norms, perceived control, and
      intentions with respect to losing weight. In addition, the extent to which they
      had made detailed weight reduction plans was assessed, as were a number of
      general attitudes and personality factors. In support of the theory, intentions
      to lose weight were accurately predicted on the basis of attitudes, subjective
      norms, and perceived control; perceived control and intentions were together
      moderately successful in predicting the amount of weight that participants
      actually lost over the 6-week period. Actual weight loss was also found to
      increase with development of a plan and with ego strength, factors that were
      assumed to increase control over goal attainment. Other factors, such as health
      locus of control, perceived competence, and action control, were found to be
      unrelated to weight reduction.

PMID- 4045707
TI  - [Effect of acetate on the formation of the phyoeffector tentoxin by Alternaria
      alternata (Fr.) Keissler].
AB  - The effect of the cosubstrate acetate on the formation of the phytotoxic
      substance tentoxin by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler was investigated.
      Acetate was taken up and metabolized during growth. The added acetate stimulated
      considerably the biosynthesis of tentoxin depending on its concentration and time
      of introduction. There was an increased incorporation of (U-14C)-glucose into the
      toxin molecule in the presence of acetate in the medium. The results indicate an
      induction of the biosynthesis of tentoxin by the precursor acetate, probably
      mediated through the accumulation of the glycolytic intermediates pyruvate and
      phosphoenolpyruvate.

PMID- 4045708
TI  - Does exposure to environmental pollutants increase the need for vitamin C?
AB  - Using ascorbic acid as a model, this paper proposes that the concept of the RDA
      should be broadened to take into account the effects of ubiquitous pollutants on
      human health, a factor not specifically incorporated in RDA derivations. It is
      now widely accepted that ascorbic acid nutritional status markedly affects the
      toxicity and/or carcinogenicity of greater than 50 pollutants, many of which are
      ubiquitous in the air, water, and food environments. At the present time, the
      data do not warrant changing the ascorbic acid RDA in light of the knowledge of
      pollutant interactions.

PMID- 4045709
TI  - Biomechanics and bone fracture.

PMID- 4045710
TI  - Congenital dislocation of the hip.

PMID- 4045711
TI  - Treatment of diabetic skin ulcerations with povidone-iodine and sugar. Two case
      reports.

PMID- 4045712
TI  - Two-stage surgical correction of cleft foot. A seven year follow-up of one case.

PMID- 4045713
TI  - Atypical pseudocholinesterase. A case report.

PMID- 4045714
TI  - Computerized tomography as a diagnostic aid in a middle facet talocalcaneal
      coalition.

PMID- 4045715
TI  - Lidocaine regional block in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis of the foot.

PMID- 4045716
TI  - Sinus tarsi synovectomy. A possible alternative to a subtalar joint fusion.

PMID- 4045717
TI  - Instructions control whether nicotine will serve as a reinforcer.
AB  - Three studies examined self-administration of nicotine among exsmokers given
      concurrent access to nicotine (2 mg) and placebo gums during the first 2 weeks of
      abstinence from smoking. In Study 1 subjects were told they would receive either
      nicotine or placebo gum. With this instructional set, nicotine served as a
      reinforcer; i.e., subjects consistently self-administered nicotine but not
      placebo gum. However, subjects could discriminate gums on the basis of side
      effects; thus, the ability of nicotine to serve as a reinforcer may have been
      due, not to its psychoactive effects, but rather because subjects believed the
      gum with more side-effects to be the active gum. In Study 2 we attempted to
      change this belief by telling subjects they would receive either the marketed
      nicotine gum or a new nicotine gum that is as effective as the marketed gum but
      has less side-effects (i.e., placebo). In Study 3 we attempted to change the
      belief by telling subjects that placebo gum had more side-effects than nicotine
      gum. With these two instructional sets, the stimulus properties of nicotine did
      not serve as reinforcer; i.e., subjects self-administered equal amounts of
      nicotine and placebo gums. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that
      instructions can control whether a drug will serve as a reinforcer.

PMID- 4045718
TI  - Metabolism and subcellular distribution of N-amino-N,N-dimethylaminoethanol (N
      aminodeanol) in rat striatal synaptosomes.
AB  - The metabolism and subcellular distribution of a novel choline analog, N-amino
      N,N-dimethylaminoethanol (N-aminodeanol) in rat striatal synaptosomes was studied
      using combined gas chromatography mass spectrometry for simultaneous estimation
      of N-aminodeanol, choline, tracer choline and their acetate esters. The enzymes
      choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase and choline kinase were assayed
      in kinetic studies using N-aminodeanol or acetyl-N-aminodeanol as substrates. The
      results demonstrate that [2H4]N-aminodeanol is transported and acetylated in
      synaptosomes at rates approximately 30% of those measured for [2H4]choline. Of
      the [2H4]N-aminodeanol that was transported by the high affinity choline uptake
      system, the proportion acetylated was similar to that measured for [2H4]choline.
      [2H4]Acetyl-N-aminodeanol replaced endogenous acetylcholine stores and was
      released. The combined release of endogenous and false transmitters from
      synaptosomes in the presence of [2H4]N-aminodeanol was reduced compared to
      controls in the presence of [2H4]choline, although combined tissue stores did not
      change significantly. After coincubation with [2H4]N-aminodeanol and
      [2H4]choline, the molar ratios of true and false transmitter in the tissue
      appeared to reflect the kinetic parameters for high affinity transport of the
      precursors. Subcellular fractionation experiments indicated that [2H4]acetyl-N
      aminodeanol was incorporated into vesicles more slowly than [2H4]acetylcholine.
      These results indicate that the reduced rate of turnover in the presence of false
      precursor is not due to its rate of acetylation or to the rate of release of
      previously formed false transmitter, but rather to the slower membrane transport
      of N-aminodeanol by the high affinity uptake system. The replacement of
      endogenous acetylcholine in synaptosomes by acetyl-N-aminodeanol, which has 4%
      the potency of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, suggests that N-aminodeanol
      may be useful in studying the in vivo effects of a false cholinergic transmitter.

PMID- 4045719
TI  - In vivo metabolism of a cholinergic false precursor after dietary administration
      to rats.
AB  - The false cholinergic precursor [2H4]N-amino-N,N-dimethylaminoethanol (N
      aminodeanol, NADe) was fed ad libitum to weanling rats in a low choline (Ch), low
      methionine synthetic diet. The free [2H4]NADe plasma concentration achieved at 32
      days was 51 microM. The free Ch plasma concentration was reduced to 6 microM,
      compared to 20 microM measured in control rats which were fed Ch in place of
      [2H4]NADe. After 33 days the rats were killed by rapid microwave fixation, and
      tissues were assayed for [2H4]NADe, [2H0]Ch and their acetate esters using
      combined gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Approximately 50% of the
      acetylcholine content of cortex, striatum, hippocampus, diaphragm and ileum had
      been replaced by the false transmitter [2H4]O-acetyl-N-aminodeanol. In all
      tissues measured except striatum the sum of the true + false transmitters was not
      significantly different from the acetylcholine content in control rats. In
      striatum the sum of the transmitters was significantly reduced to 79% of control.
      [2H4]NADe was incorporated into lipids. The ratio of lipid bound [2H4]NADe to
      lipid bound Ch in the plasma of experimental rats was 2.6. In cortex, the ratio
      of lipid bound [2H4]NADe to lipid bound Ch (1.3) was comparable to the ratio of
      false to true transmitter (1.0), although the ratio of free [2H4]NADe to free Ch
      was much higher (4.9). NADe caused no obvious toxicity, although both control and
      experimental groups gained weight more slowly than rats fed standard laboratory
      chow. These results demonstrate that NADe can enter the biochemical pathways for
      Ch in vivo, causing replacement of endogenous acetylcholine with the false
      transmitter acetyl-NADe.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045720
TI  - Thymidine transport and metabolism in choroid plexus: effect of diazepam and
      thiopental.
AB  - Choroid plexus contains an active transport (influx) and a facilitated diffusion
      (efflux) system for nucleosides. The ability of diazepam and thiopental to
      inhibit active transport or facilitated diffusion of thymidine in choroid plexus
      was measured in vitro under various conditions. When isolated rabbit choroid
      plexuses were incubated in artificial cerebrospinal fluid containing 1 microM
      [3H] thymidine for 10 min at 37 degrees C under 95% O2-5% CO2, diazepam (10
      microM) and thiopental (500 microM) doubled the tissue-to-medium ratios of [3H]
      thymidine from 8 to 15 to 16. These results were not due to metabolism or
      intracellular binding but rather to inhibition of [3H] thymidine efflux from
      choroid plexus. Diazepam, unlike thiopental, inhibited [3H] thymidine efflux in a
      concentration-dependent manner. When isolated choroid plexuses were incubated in
      artificial cerebrospinal fluid containing low concentrations of [3H] thymidine (6
      nM) to allow intracellular conversion of [3H] thymidine into [3H] thymidine
      phosphates and [3H] DNA, both diazepam (10 microM) and thiopental (500 microM)
      altered [3H] thymidine accumulation and metabolism consistent with inhibition of
      facilitated diffusion but not active transport of thymidine. These studies
      provide evidence that, at toxic but not therapeutic concentrations, diazepam and
      thiopental alter facilitated nucleoside transport in the choroid plexus.

PMID- 4045721
TI  - Inactivation of rabbit pulmonary cytochrome P-450 in microsomes and isolated
      perfused lungs by the suicide substrate 1-aminobenzotriazole.
AB  - The autocatalytic destruction of pulmonary cytochrome P-450 (P-450) by 1
      aminobenzotriazole (ABT) was investigated in microsomes and in isolated perfused
      lungs from untreated and beta-naphthoflavone-induced rabbits. Microsomal
      benzphetamine N-demethylase (BND) and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (ERF)
      activities, catalyzed by P-450 isozymes 2 and 6, respectively, and specific P-450
      content were determined after incubation with ABT. In vitro destruction of P-450
      was dependent on ABT concentration and required NADPH. Significant losses of BND
      and ERF activities were observed only at ABT concentrations above 10 microM.
      Percent losses of BND and ERF activities equaled those of total P-450 at 1 mM and
      surpassed them at 10 mM. The time and concentration dependence of the destruction
      of P-450 by ABT was investigated in isolated perfused rabbit lungs. The percent
      loss of total P-450 increased with increasing ABT concentration (18 +/- 8% loss
      at 1 microM to 85 +/- 4% at 10 mM). Although extensive losses of P-450 occurred
      after perfusion with 10 mM ABT for 60 min, no ABT-dependent losses of flavin
      containing monooxygenase activity were observed under these conditions. Percent
      losses of BND activity in these experiments were similar to those of total P-450
      at 1 and 10 mM ABT but were less than P-450 losses at 0.01 and 0.1 mM ABT. Losses
      of ERF activity in lungs from beta-naphthoflavone-pretreated animals were also
      substantial and dependent upon perfusion time. Perfusion with 1 mM ABT for 2 to
      60 min resulted in time-dependent losses of P-450 (42.8 +/- 7.2% at 2 min to 70.5
      +/- 2.5% at 60 min) with equal or somewhat lesser diminishment of BND and ERF
      activities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4045722
TI  - Effects of buprenorphine on shock titration in squirrel monkeys.
AB  - The effects of buprenorphine were examined under a shock titration procedure and
      compared to the effects of morphine. Under this procedure shock increased every
      15 sec from 0 to 2.0 mA in 30 increments. Five responses within a 15-sec shock
      period decreased shock intensity by one increment. Both buprenorphine and
      morphine increased the level at which shock was maintained without decreasing
      rates of responding in the presence of shock. Buprenorphine-induced increases in
      median shock level occurred over a 10-fold dose range and were apparent for 6 to
      12 hr. Dose-effect curves for morphine and buprenorphine were shifted to the
      right by prior administration of diprenorphine (0.001-1.0 mg/kg), naloxone (0.001
      1.0 mg/kg) and beta-funaltrexamine (1.0-16.0 mg/kg), with the dose of antagonist
      required to restore responding to control levels being 1 to 2 log U larger for
      buprenorphine than for morphine. Buprenorphine-induced increases in median shock
      level were also restored to control levels when naloxone (1.0 mg/kg) was
      administered as much as 110 min after buprenorphine. Buprenorphine was not
      effective in antagonizing the effects of morphine. When a dose of buprenorphine
      which increased median shock level was administered once daily, median shock
      levels returned to control level within 6 to 15 days. When the morphine dose
      effect curve was then redetermined in the presence of chronic buprenorphine, it
      exhibited a 10-fold shift to the right.

PMID- 4045723
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of doxorubicin-induced toxicity in the intact Lou/M Wsl
      rat and in isolated heart preparations.
AB  - Hemodynamic effects were followed for 25 days in conscious nontumor bearing Lou/M
      Wsl rats during i.v. administration of doxorubicin (DXR) (1 mg/kg) on 5
      consecutive days and then weekly. At day 24 cardiac output was significantly
      reduced in the DXR-treated group (cumulative dose of 7 mg/kg) in comparison with
      a saline-treated group, suggesting a reduction in myocardial performance.
      Urethane anesthesia at day 25 depressed cardiac output in control rats whereas
      this variable was not influenced in DXR-treated rats. Furthermore, blood pressure
      was significantly higher within DXR-treated rats, suggesting the presence of
      compensatory mechanisms. Separate experiments 25 days after the first DXR
      administration (cumulative dose of 7 mg/kg) demonstrated that the inotropic
      response toward dobutamine or norepinephrine as well as the vasoconstrictor
      response toward norepinephrine were impaired profoundly, suggesting compensatory
      mechanisms were functioning within the DXR-treated rats around day 25. In the
      isolated and perfused rat heart no changes in myocardial contraction under either
      basal or inotropic stimulatory conditions were observed 24 days after DXR
      treatment, indicating extracardiac phenomena have to contribute to a reduction in
      cardiac output and the occurrence of counter regulation mechanisms as observed in
      the in vivo experiments. However, after a cumulative dose of 11 mg/kg (at day
      52), contraction function appeared to be disturbed upon contractility demand by
      dobutamine in the isolated heart. This observation supports the histological
      evidence of cardiomyopathy occurring at that time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4045724
TI  - Recovery from dispositional and pharmacodynamic tolerance after chronic
      pentobarbital treatment.
AB  - Recovery characteristics of dispositional and pharmacodynamic tolerances produced
      by chronic Na-pentobarbital treatment were studied. To study dispositional
      tolerance, the rate of disappearance of pentobarbital from blood was estimated by
      sequential blood sampling before and after chronic treatment and during 15 days
      of withdrawal after chronic treatment. Pentobarbital half-life values were
      compared with four representative cytochrome P-450-mediated hepatic microsomal
      mixed-function oxidase reactions: aminopyrine demethylase, benzo(a)pyrene
      hydroxylase, 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase and 7-ethoxyresorufin deethylase and
      with the concentration of cytochrome P-450 in sequentially biopsied liver
      samples. Pharmacodynamic tolerance was evaluated by measuring the increase in
      pentobarbital blood concentration required to produce predetermined central
      nervous system functional depression ratings. The recovery from dispositional
      tolerance was more rapid than the recovery from pharmacodynamic tolerance. Thus,
      whereas cytochrome P-450 levels and pentobarbital elimination rates were
      increased to close to twice pretreatment values by chronic treatment, by about 2
      week post-withdrawal the values had normalized. In contrast, pharmacodynamic
      tolerance persisted after no residual dispositional tolerance remained. The
      neuronal functions most sensitive to barbiturate (i.e., sedation and loss of fine
      motor coordination) exhibited a greater degree of pharmacodynamic tolerance than
      other functions; hence the recovery of these neuronal functions took a longer
      period of time for their recovery. However, the rates of recovery of
      pharmacodynamic tolerance at all levels of central nervous system function seemed
      relatively constant indicating that there are uniform readaptation mechanisms for
      all the central nervous systems functions.

PMID- 4045725
TI  - Interactions of paraldehyde with ethanol and chloral hydrate.
AB  - The interaction of the depressant and toxic actions of paraldehyde with those of
      ethanol and chloral hydrate were investigated in two strains of male mice by
      determination of the ED50 for anesthetic action (righting reflex loss) and the 24
      hr LD50, respectively. In all instances less than simple additive synergism was
      observed. Onset and duration times for the anesthetic actions of paraldehyde and
      ethanol were observed to be almost identical. Investigation of the time of
      maximum toxic effect revealed paraldehyde itself and mixtures containing 40% or
      more paraldehyde to be more acutely toxic than ethanol or mixtures containing
      more than 80% ethanol, suggesting the possibility of different mechanism of toxic
      action as contributory reasons for the less than simple additivity of the lethal
      effects of these two agents. The onset and duration of the anesthetic effect of
      chloral hydrate was longer than that of equipotent doses of paraldehyde, binary
      mixtures of these two agents having intermediate onset times but much longer
      duration than either compound, leading to the conclusion the less than simple
      additivity observed with respect to both the depressant and toxic actions of
      paraldehyde and chloral hydrate resulted from different time courses of action.

PMID- 4045726
TI  - Comparison of in vivo and in vitro cholinergic responses of normal and denervated
      canine hearts.
AB  - Ten dogs were subjected to total extrinsic cardiac denervation. The negative
      inotropic responses of their hearts were compared with those of nine normal
      controls with respect to acetylcholine (ACh; 0.1-1.0 micrograms) and nicotine
      (0.5-100 micrograms) administered intra-coronary. The dogs were on
      cardiopulmonary bypass and atrial and ventricular contractility were measured by
      means of a four-chamber isovolumic technique. At the end of this phase of the
      experiment, atrial strips were removed for in vitro evaluation of negative
      inotropic responses to Ach (1 X 10(-8) to 1 X 10(-6) M) and nicotine (1 X 10(-6)
      to 1 X 10(-4) M). Both in vivo and in vitro methods demonstrated a leftward shift
      of the dose-response curve for nicotine in denervated hearts, indicative of
      denervation hypersensitivity. Hypersensitivity to ACh was seen in atria in vitro
      but not in vivo. An additional 13 dogs were used only for in vitro studies. There
      was no difference in response between these dogs and those which had been used
      for both in vivo and in vitro studies. The results support the in vivo
      observation that the intrinsic cardiac neurons become supersensitive to nicotinic
      activation after extrinsic denervation. In addition, in vitro testing revealed
      atrial hypersensitivity to ACh which was not detected by in vivo methods.
      Inasmuch as the in vivo and the in vitro testing were done on the same animals, a
      method for determining equivalence for in vivo doses and in vitro concentrations
      is presented.

PMID- 4045727
TI  - Responses of the isolated perfused mesenteric vasculature from diabetic rats: the
      significance of appropriate control tissues.
AB  - The influence of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the contractile responses of
      the rat isolated perfused mesenteric vascular bed was determined. Two control
      groups were used, age-matched, fed ad-libitum rats and age-matched, food
      restricted rats which were weight-matched to the diabetic group. Two months after
      the induction of diabetes there was a nonspecific decrease in contractile
      responsiveness of the mesenteric vascular bed from the diabetic rats to nerve
      stimulation, and to intraluminal norepinephrine and KCI compared to the responses
      of the control groups. There was no difference in the responsiveness of the two
      control groups to these vasoconstrictor treatments. The diabetes-induced
      depression of responses could be due to changes in vascular smooth muscle
      function, with an additional contribution of an abnormality in sympathetic
      neuronal function.

PMID- 4045728
TI  - Site and mechanism of the centrally mediated hypotensive action of propranolol.
AB  - Ventriculocisternal perfusion of propranolol (25 micrograms/kg/min for 30 min)
      throughout the entire brain ventricular system in anesthetized dogs decreased
      arterial pressure and increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) norepinephrine.
      Localized perfusion of propranolol into the fourth ventricle produced increased
      CSF norepinephrine levels and a hypotensive response comparable to that seen with
      whole-brain ventriculocisternal perfusion. In comparison, perfusion of
      propranolol through the forebrain (lateral-third) ventricles resulted in changes
      in CSF norepinephrine comparable to those observed with the administration of the
      drug into the fourth ventricle but resulted in a reduced hypotensive response.
      Increased CSF norepinephrine levels and a hypotensive response were also observed
      after peripheral i.v. infusion of propranolol (100 micrograms/kg/min for 45 min).
      Collectively, these results support the hypothesis that an interaction of
      propranolol at noradrenergic nerve terminals in the hindbrain area results in a
      hypotensive effect which may contribute to the antihypertensive action of the
      drug.

PMID- 4045729
TI  - Serotonergic prejunctional inhibition of canine coronary adrenergic nerves.
AB  - The actions of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on the response of isolated canine
      coronary arteries to adrenergic nerve stimulation and norepinephrine were
      studied. 5-HT inhibited the beta adrenergic relaxation of left circumflex
      coronary rings in response to transmural electrical stimulation. The sensitivity
      to exogenously added norepinephrine was unaffected, suggesting that the effect on
      the response to electrical stimulation is prejunctional. Inhibition of
      norepinephrine release by 5-HT was confirmed in strips of coronary artery
      preincubated in [3H]norepinephrine. Serotonergic antagonists were tested for
      their ability to block the prejunctional inhibition by 5-HT, as well as their
      effects on the response of the coronary artery to electrical stimulation and
      norepinephrine. The nonselective serotonergic antagonists, methiothepin and
      metergoline, but not the selective 5-HT2 antagonists, ketanserin and LY 53857,
      prevented the inhibition by 5-HT of the response to electrical stimulation and of
      the stimulated overflow of [3H]norepinephrine. All of the serotonergic
      antagonists studied had additional effects on the response of the coronary artery
      to electrical stimulation or to norepinephrine. However, the alpha adrenergic
      antagonist, phentolamine, had additional effects similar to the serotonergic
      antagonists, but did not antagonize prejunctional inhibition caused by 5-HT.
      Furthermore, methiothepin did not block prejunctional inhibition caused by
      acetylcholine, suggesting the specificity of the nonselective serotonergic
      antagonists. Because the prejunctional inhibition by 5-HT was unaffected by
      neuronal uptake blockade with cocaine, these results suggest specific, non-5-HT2
      serotonergic receptors on coronary adrenergic nerves which, when activated,
      inhibit the stimulated release of norepinephrine.

PMID- 4045730
TI  - Effect of flordipine on cerebral blood flow.
AB  - The goal of this study was to determine effects of flordipine (REV 2609), a
      calcium channel blocker, on blood flow to brain and other organs. Blood flow was
      measured with microspheres during i.v. infusion of 0.5 to 2.0 mg/kg of flordipine
      in anesthetized and awake rabbits. In anesthetized rabbits, flordipine (0.5
      mg/kg) increased cerebral blood flow by 50%, despite a small decrease in arterial
      pressure, with no increase in blood flow to skeletal muscle, bowel or kidney.
      Higher doses of flordipine produced 2- to 3-fold increases in cerebral and
      myocardial blood flow, marked increases in flow to skeletal muscle, but no
      increase in blood flow to bowel or kidney. Blood flow remained elevated 1 hr
      after stopping infusion of flordipine. The increase in cerebral blood flow was
      not associated with an increase in cerebral oxygen consumption. In awake rabbits,
      flordipine also produced a dose-related increase in cerebral, myocardial and
      skeletal muscle flood flow, with no increase in flow to bowel or kidney. Thus,
      flordipine produces a relatively selective increase in cerebral and myocardial
      blood flow. The increase in cerebral blood flow is the result of a direct
      vasodilator effect of flordipine and is not secondary to an increase in cerebral
      metabolism.

PMID- 4045731
TI  - Non-identicality of monozygous twins.

PMID- 4045732
TI  - Surgery for the community in the community.

PMID- 4045733
TI  - Foetal bleeding in the first and second trimester uterine haemorrhage.

PMID- 4045734
TI  - Diabetes and the kidney.

PMID- 4045735
TI  - Adamantinoma of tibia (a case report).

PMID- 4045736
TI  - Patterns of care of anorexia nervosa.
AB  - Using a local Psychiatric Case Register we studied patterns of mental health care
      of patients with anorexia nervosa as the main diagnosis from 1974 to 1982. The
      incidence rate was 5.0 per year per 100,000 population and 37.1 per year per
      100,000 females aged 15 to 24. The patients had an intensive pattern of care
      compared with other diagnostic groups. Using the national case register of
      inpatients we studied some characteristics of patients with anorexia nervosa.
      Patients with anorexia nervosa have a higher degree of education and more general
      education than average. Patients with anorexia nervosa only are younger, have a
      higher degree of education and more general education than patients with anorexia
      nervosa and another psychiatric disorder. The results suggest that in some cases
      we should consider anorexia nervosa as a symptom, not as a disease entity by
      itself.

PMID- 4045737
TI  - Social class as a confounding variable in the Eating Attitudes Test.
AB  - The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) is commonly used in studies of anorexia nervosa.
      This paper reports some unexpected findings concerning the relationship between
      the EAT and the social class of the respondent. Our analysis is based on data
      from a sample of over 3000 English schoolgirls from both state and private
      schools. Important differences were found between the results from the private
      and state schools suggesting a social class difference in response to this
      questionnaire. The mean scores on the EAT were significantly higher in the state
      schools than in the private schools. However the number of cases of anorexia
      nervosa identified on the basis of individual interviews was higher in the
      private schools. A detailed analysis of the responses to the individual questions
      indicate that this discrepancy was due to systematic differences in the way the
      girls responded to different sets of questions.

PMID- 4045738
TI  - The implications of anorexia nervosa in a ballet school.
AB  - Features important in the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa were common in a sample
      of 100 ballet students. Defining a "case" of anorexia nervosa proved difficult.
      Follow-up one year later showed that seven girls who were designated "possible
      cases" had continued to dance and were considerably improved in their physical
      status without medical intervention.

PMID- 4045739
TI  - Anorexia nervosa in American blacks.
AB  - Five cases of anorexia nervosa in black American patients are presented. All had
      lost parents by death or divorce. Three had a family history of obesity and of a
      physical illness related to obesity. Two were male and both of these had a
      previous history of serious psychiatric disturbance. Three patients had a first
      or second degree relative with affective disorder. Two patients showed a primary
      lack of sexual interest and one male was bisexual. Four of the patients came from
      social classes 3-5.

PMID- 4045740
TI  - Evaluation of growth in anorexia nervosa from serial measurements.
AB  - Measured longitudinal growth data in a sample of 66 patients with anorexia
      nervosa (AN) (58 females and 8 males) is compared to expected growth from
      normative standards. The data was subject to cross-sectional as well as
      longitudinal analysis. Females had a normal growth rate and pattern, in
      particular a normal sequence and timing of pubertal events. Distribution of
      weight for age indicated a slight (non-significant) overweight before onset of
      anorexia nervosa. Weight by height was significantly above the expected before
      onset of AN. Mean age at Peak Height Velocity (PHV) was 11.5 yr. Mean size of PHV
      8.03 cm/yr. A subsample of females (those with onset of AN after menarche) had a
      mean age of menarche of 12.88 yr. Mean distance in time from age at PHV to age at
      menarche was 1.34 yr. These results are normal for Scandinavian girls. Male
      anorexics were tall for age, heavy for age and, where a PHV could be seen (5 out
      of 8 cases), had signs of early puberty. Mean age at PHV was 11.8 yr, a highly
      significant difference from the normal mean age at PHV which is 14.06 yr for
      Scandinavian boys. Weight by height was distributed as in the reference
      population, that is, with no indication of pre-morbid obesity for male probands.

PMID- 4045741
TI  - The neuronal basis of compulsive behaviour in anorexia nervosa.
AB  - The relationship between arousal and efficiency of the brain is shown by the
      inverted U of the Yerkes-Dodson curve. Measuring arousal has been difficult
      because the three types of arousal (EEG, behaviour and autonomic) do not change
      in unison. From Magoun's work, arousal can be stimulated via the reticular
      formation or from parts of the cortex. Kyotorphin (Tyr-Arg) causes widespread
      excitation when applied to the cortex and may represent this mechanism: it is
      then inhibited only by noradrenaline. The hippocampus causes stimulation of
      arousal to persist after the exciting stimulus stops and can itself be stimulated
      into long term potentiation. The latter may be related to the onset of compulsive
      behaviour which appears to occur only with excessive stimulation of arousal. The
      opioid dynorphin is the main stimulator of the hippocampus and can cause long
      term potentiation. Inhibition of opioid activity by continuous naloxone infusion
      facilitates weight gain in anorexia and in some will abolish the compulsive
      drive. Other opioid antagonists need to be found for the more severe compulsive
      behaviour patients.

PMID- 4045742
TI  - A controlled family study of anorexia nervosa.
AB  - A family study of eating disorders in first and second-degree relatives of
      anorexia nervosa and nonanorexic psychiatrically ill control probands found
      increased rates of anorexia-nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and subclinical anorexia
      nervosa in relatives of anorexic probands. The pattern of familial clustering
      suggests that these disorders may represent variable expressions of a common
      underlying psychopathology, although restricter and bulimic subforms of eating
      disorder may segregate within families. Implications of these findings for
      understanding factors important to the pathogenesis and subclassification of
      eating disorders are discussed.

PMID- 4045743
TI  - Family structure and birth order of patients with anorexia nervosa.
AB  - A retrospective case-notes study of 252 patients was undertaken, to focus on
      their birth order, and other aspects of their sibships. There is little evidence
      of a relationship to birth order using an established measure (Slater, 1962).
      Previous researchers have found a preponderance of female siblings in the
      families of patients with anorexia nervosa. We have not found this, neither is
      our sample characterised by older or younger siblings of any one sex. This is
      true for both female and male anorexics. These results are discussed in terms of
      experimental and family theories concerning the development of anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 4045744
TI  - Psychological correlates of weight gain in patients with anorexia nervosa.
AB  - Self-report measures of desired weight, eating attitudes, depressive mood and
      obsessional symptoms were obtained for anorexic patients upon admission to
      hospital, discharge and 1 yr follow-up. Eating attitudes and depressed mood were
      significantly improved at discharge and follow-up, but still remained within the
      clinical rather than the normal range. Severity of abnormal eating attitudes upon
      discharge was the main psychological factor significantly correlated with degree
      of weight maintenance at follow-up.

PMID- 4045745
TI  - The discriminative value of psychological characteristics in anorexia nervosa.
      Clinical and psychometric comparison between anorexia nervosa patients, ballet
      dancers and controls.
AB  - The present controlled study examined anorexic and psychological characteristics
      of female ballet dancers, who by career choice must focus on thinness, and
      anorexia nervosa patients. Anorexia nervosa (AN) patients, female ballet (BA)
      students as well as asymptomatic female controls (AF) were compared with respect
      to the psychological characteristics: the Drive to Achieve, the Motive to Avoid
      Failure (Negative Fear of Failure) and the Motive to Achieve (Positive Fear of
      Failure). The results confirmed previous empirical and clinical findings that the
      AN group and the BA group can be differentiated from a control group with respect
      to a heightened Drive to Achieve. However, the Drive to Achieve of AN patients
      was found to originate in an avoidance of failure (the Negative Fear of Failure),
      while in BA students this drive was found to stem from a motive to achieve (the
      Positive Fear of Failure). The findings underline the importance of an evaluation
      of psychological characteristics in subjects with anorexic symptoms.

PMID- 4045746
TI  - Personal constructs in anorexia.
AB  - A repertory grid of 12 elements and 12 constructs was presented to 15 female
      subjects suffering from primary anorexia nervosa and 15 matched control subjects.
      Cluster analysis, as used by Makhlouf-Norris and Norris (1973) revealed that the
      anorexic group had a prevalence of segmented and monolithic structures and the
      normal group a prevalence of articulated structures. The relationships between
      the elements was examined and the anorexic group showed significantly more "ideal
      self" isolation, "social" and "present self" alienation than the control group.
      The average distance between the elements was significantly greater in the
      anorexic group than in the control group. Analysis of the first two components
      showed that the first component accounted for more variance than the second when
      compared to the normals. It is concluded that the repertory grid is a valid
      method of investigating the conceptual disturbance in anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 4045747
TI  - Anorexic syndromes in the male.
AB  - Forty-two male patients with an anorexic syndrome were assessed personally (n =
      29) or by reviewing the case-notes. Twenty-nine male patients were classified as
      primary anorexia nervosa and they were compared to our series of atypical male
      patients and a series of 23 female anorexia nervosa patients. There was no
      difference between male and female patients in the age at onset. Male and female
      anorexia nervosa cases were very similar in their personality profile and
      symptomatology; however, male cases were more preoccupied in their thoughts with
      food, weight etc., and showed more hyperactivity, more achievement orientation
      and more sexual anxiety than female cases. The mothers' age at the male patients'
      birth was significantly younger than in the female group. Male anorexia nervosa
      patients were more extraverted and scored "superfeminine" on the masculinity vs
      feminity scale (FPI). A continuum from "true" anorexia nervosa to atypical cases
      and to secondary loss of appetite was observed.

PMID- 4045748
TI  - Anorexia nervosa in the male: clinical features and follow-up of nine patients.
AB  - Nine male patients formed approximately 5% of patients presenting with anorexia
      nervosa from a population area. Their clinical and family features and outcome at
      a mean of 5 1/2 yr from onset were similar to those of female patients. All
      patients lost libido during the syndrome. In four patients at average weight at
      follow-up the level of libido and sexual activity was related to testosterone
      level, other hormonal investigations being normal in post pubertal patients. All
      patients had a history of increased attention to bodily appearance and/or diet
      before the onset of the illness (e.g. aberrant body size or appearance, close
      contact with an eating disorder patient).

PMID- 4045749
TI  - Factors affecting prognosis in male anorexics.
AB  - Twenty-seven male anorexics have been followed up over 2-20 yr (mean 8 yr) and
      their outcome assessed. This has been compared with outcome in female patients
      with similar pictures at presentation (Burns and Crisp, 1984). Features of the
      family and personal history and clinical aspects of the disease at presentation
      were compared with outcome and a number found to be significantly associated with
      it. Poor relationship with parents during childhood and the absence of normal
      adolescent sexual behavior and fantasy premorbidly were strongly predictive of a
      poor outcome. Long duration of illness, previous treatment and greater weight
      loss during illness were also associated with poor outcome, although no specific
      dietary behaviour was predictive. The remarkable similarity in outcome pattern
      between the male and female prompts re-evaluation of some theories of the nature
      of the role of sexual conflicts in anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 4045750
TI  - Premenarchal anorexia nervosa and its sequelae.

PMID- 4045751
TI  - Evaluation of inpatient treatment of adolescent anorexic patients.
AB  - After some introductory remarks dealing with evaluation research of the course of
      anorexia nervosa the sample and methodology of the author's prospective study of
      young anorexic patients are outlined. Selected findings coming from systematic
      assessment at the time of admission and discharge are presented. Furthermore,
      findings coming from analyses predicting change during in-patient treatment are
      reported.

PMID- 4045752
TI  - Why do some anorexics steal? Personal, social and illness factors.
AB  - There is a recognised association between anorexia nervosa and stealing.
      Anorexics who steal are usually also bulimic. However, not all bulimic anorexics
      steal. The question of why some do and others do not is explored with respect to
      features of the illness and personal and social variables. Bulimic anorexics who
      stole differed from their non-stealing counterparts in older age at presentation
      and in terms of greater sexual activity. These and other findings are discussed
      with reference to clinical understanding and aetiological theories of other
      aberrant behavior displayed by the adolescent female.

PMID- 4045753
TI  - A treatment approach to anorexia nervosa--25 years on.

PMID- 4045754
TI  - The treatment of anorexia nervosa in Toronto.

PMID- 4045755
TI  - Inpatient treatment of anorexia nervosa: some research-guided changes.
AB  - Over a period of more than 15 years, our approach to the inpatient treatment of
      anorexia nervosa has changed considerably. Three major steps may be distinguished
      in this evolution. Until 1974, weight restoration was induced by a medical
      regime, and most patients had to stay in a psychotherapeutic community for
      several months. Between 1974 and 1980, different types of behavior therapy have
      been tried and compared ending up in a standardized behavioral contract system
      that is still used now. However, a large follow-up study forced us to question
      the second psychotherapeutic phase of the program and the long stay in the
      hospital. Moreover, the increasing number of patients made it practically
      impossible to treat them all individually. For these reasons, from 1982, an
      intensive multifaceted group approach was developed, the major components of
      which are described. It is concluded that continuing research from a scientist
      practitioner's viewpoint is the best guide for a fruitful trial-and-error process
      in the therapeutic approach to patients with eating disorders.

PMID- 4045756
TI  - Individual psychotherapy for anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 4045757
TI  - The family therapy of anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 4045758
TI  - Correcting the eating disorder in anorexia nervosa.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to assess whether direct informational feedback
      using videotape recordings would improve abnormal eating behaviour in patients
      with anorexia nervosa. Eight inpatients participated in the study. A
      statistically significant improvement was noted in the occurrence of obsessional
      eating behaviour and in table manners. However, there was no change in the speed
      of eating, disposal of food or behaviours which reduce caloric intake. The
      implications of these findings for the treatment and prognosis of anorexia
      nervosa are discussed.

PMID- 4045759
TI  - Review of a group for parents of anorexics.
AB  - A two year experience in running a group for parents of children with anorexia
      nervosa is described. It would appear that a parents' group is of positive,
      though limited, value in helping parents to adjust to their child's illness and
      it may be a useful adjunct in the overall treatment of anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 4045760
TI  - Occupational therapy in anorexia nervosa.
AB  - The use of activity which is carefully planned so as to facilitate change in the
      patient is a unique characteristic of occupational therapy. Occupational therapy
      closely resembles the actual living situation more so than any other treatment
      setting and therefore provides a realistic environment in which the patient can
      test her developing skills in living.

PMID- 4045761
TI  - The treatment and outcome of anorexia nervosa in adolescents: a prospective study
      and five year follow-up.
AB  - This study reports the treatment and five year follow-up of 25 adolescent (mean
      age 14.9 yr) anorexics seen early in their illness (mean duration 8.08 months)
      and fulfilling Feighner's criteria. Results are reported along four parameters at
      treatment termination and at follow-up; weight, menstrual function, eating
      patterns and social life. At follow-up 76% are rated as excellent or good, 16%
      fair or continuing in treatment and 8% as relapsed. This represents a significant
      improvement over results at treatment termination. It is concluded that anorexia
      nervosa in adolescence can have a good outcome for the majority but it is
      undemonstrated which are the crucial variables regarding treatment modalities and
      patient selection nor did any clear prognostic factors emerge. A hypothesis
      regarding the therapeutic effect of the follow-up is suggested.

PMID- 4045762
TI  - Death and relapse in anorexia nervosa: survival analysis of 151 cases.
AB  - The traditional historic-prospective follow-up study of anorexia nervosa patients
      may be well served by recent methods of statistical analysis, the so-called
      models for the analysis of survival data. These models are particularly suited to
      the sort of incomplete observations usually produced a longitudinal studies. They
      include methods for estimating the probability of death and relapse as a function
      of time. This makes possible powerful comparisons among studies and among
      subsamples in single studies. In the present study, 151 patients were followed-up
      after 4-22 yrs. The hazard of death was on average 0.5% per year, the hazard of
      relapse 3% per year. With both measures, the risk declined steadily after
      therapeutic contact.

PMID- 4045763
TI  - An organofluorophosphate-hydrolyzing activity in Tetrahymena thermophila.
AB  - An enzymatic activity that hydrolyzes O,O-diisoproplyphosphofluoridate (DFP) and
      O-1,2,2-trimethylpropylmethylphosphonofluoridate (Soman) was discovered in the
      ciliate protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila. The enzymatic activity classifies the
      protein as Mazur-type similar to that found in hog kidney and Escherichia coli.
      The rate of hydrolysis of Soman by the Tetrahymena-extract is the highest, on a
      per gram of extract basis, of any eucaryote. The molecular weight is
      approximately 75,400 as determined by Sephacryl column chromatography. A maximum
      fifteen-fold purification has been achieved. Potential exists for the
      detoxification and one-step detection of common organofluorophosphate pollutants.
      Additionally, Tetrahymena should prove an easier subject for manipulation than
      mammalian or squid sources. Protozoa may be a potentially important source of
      detoxification and degradation enzymes for other environmental contaminants.

PMID- 4045764
TI  - Priorities in medical care. Edited report of a conference held at the College,
      March 1985.

PMID- 4045765
TI  - Food allergy, hypersensitivity and intolerance.

PMID- 4045766
TI  - A survey of non-embolic stroke in adults under 50 years of age.

PMID- 4045767
TI  - Pathogenesis of migraine headache: initiation.

PMID- 4045768
TI  - Sarcoidosis in a racially mixed community.
AB  - Over a 23-year period 497 patients with sarcoidosis were seen at Willesden Chest
      Clinic, of whom 151 were British, 105 Irish, 165 West Indian, and 35 Asian. The
      estimated annual incidence was: British 4/100,000, Irish 21/100,000, West Indian
      58/100,000 and Asian 14/100,000. There was a marked female preponderance in the
      Irish (65 per cent) and West Indians (57 per cent). The female mean age was 35
      years, the male mean age 32 years. Asian and West Indian patients were older
      (mean 37 and 38 years) and Irish patients younger (mean 29 years). West Indian
      patients more frequently had involvement of the less common extrathoracic sites.
      In 402 patients the outcome was known: 64 per cent of patients recovered within
      five years but proportionally fewer West Indians (55 per cent) and Asians (48 per
      cent) recovered. The greater morbidity in the West Indian and Asian patients was
      particularly associated with extrathoracic disease in which the results were
      poor.

PMID- 4045769
TI  - Tissue biopsy of the lung: clinical applications.

PMID- 4045770
TI  - Pericardectomy.

PMID- 4045771
TI  - Extrathoracic management of subclavian artery occlusion.

PMID- 4045772
TI  - The long term results of single stem silastic arthroplasty of the great toe.

PMID- 4045773
TI  - Infarction of fibroadenoma of the breast.

PMID- 4045774
TI  - Experience of gynaecomastia in Hong Kong Chinese.

PMID- 4045775
TI  - The upper oesophageal sphincter and its response to gastrooesophageal reflux.

PMID- 4045776
TI  - Passage of biliary stones after ERC and PTHC.

PMID- 4045777
TI  - The Mallory-Weiss syndrome. A clinical review and follow-up.

PMID- 4045778
TI  - Multiple colorectal tumours.

PMID- 4045779
TI  - Reappraisal of Thiersch's operation for complete rectal prolapse.

PMID- 4045780
TI  - Diphallus in Arab children.

PMID- 4045782
TI  - A modification of Bjork's tracheotomy flap.

PMID- 4045781
TI  - Management of large scrotal swellings.

PMID- 4045783
TI  - A method of secure fixation of suction drains.

PMID- 4045784
TI  - Aneurysmal bone cyst of the sacrum.

PMID- 4045785
TI  - Gastric teratoma in infancy.

PMID- 4045786
TI  - Femoral vein division during Trendelenburg operation. Successful repair using
      saphenous vein graft.

PMID- 4045787
TI  - An unusual mucocoele of the appendix.

PMID- 4045788
TI  - Small bowel obstruction secondary to recurrent peritonitis. A fatal complication
      of chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 4045789
TI  - [Abnormal gas collections in the abdomen in infants].
AB  - Many unusual and uncommon abnormal gas collections within the abdomen may be
      encountered. This paper reviews the reported causes for unusual gas collections
      in the abdomen and describes several new causes of abnormal bowel gas
      collections.

PMID- 4045790
TI  - [Role of x-ray computed tomography in infections of soft tissue].
AB  - The authors relate their own experience in 64 cases of soft tissue infection
      investigated by computed tomography: 25 lesions only located in soft tissue of
      the extremities and 39 associated with bone and/or joint lesions, including the
      spine. The describe CT findings of abscesses, "solid" infections and cellulitis.
      Advantages and bounds of the CT in this field are defined.

PMID- 4045791
TI  - [Fatigue fractures of the femoral neck. Retrospective study of 12 cases].
AB  - The authors are performing a retrospective analysis of 12 femoral neck stress
      fractures gathered between 1977 and 1984 at the "Hopital Regional des Armees de
      Toulouse". These fractures, localised at the femoral neck, occur after the
      beginning of training course, latter than by the other localisations. This shift
      can be explained by the acceleration of training level at the end of the
      instruction and by the importance of the muscle strain as a releasing factor of
      this pathology. The clinical is stereotyped, the X ray photographs often point
      out a fracture mark or a osseous condensation in strips perpendicular to the
      forces lines. However, the evolutionary potential of this fracture is high and
      the authors find out three displaced fractures. So they suggest a usual practice
      towards this pathology including a osseous radiography and scintigraphy the
      diagnostic should be done during the useful phase of this affection which is the
      stress prefracture state: stereotyped clinical frame, normal radiography and
      positive osseous scintigraphy.

PMID- 4045792
TI  - [The coxopodopatellar syndrome].
AB  - Characteristic features of the coxopodopatellar syndrome are patellar hypoplasia,
      pelvic skeletal anomalies and morphologic abnormalities of the front of foot.
      Fifteen cases with variable degrees of anomaly were observed in one family. Since
      a world-wide literature review failed to demonstrate any perfectly identical
      observation it was considered that this triple lesion constitutes an original
      syndrome worth reporting in detail.

PMID- 4045793
TI  - [Vertebral artery loop and cervical pain].
AB  - Diagnosis of a vertebral artery loop in the transverse canal, suggested by a CT
      scan image, is dependent mainly on results of angiography (preferably computer
      assisted and by the venous route). This lesion is a differential diagnosis of a
      neuroma, when the cervical intervertebral foramen is enlarged.

PMID- 4045794
TI  - [Percutaneous bone puncture biopsy with trocar. Apropos of 60 cases].
AB  - Deep bone biopsies were performed in 58 patients over the last 2 years, in a
      radiology department in Tours, France, under television screen control. Data
      obtained included pathologic, cytologic and bacteriologic features in the 60
      biopsies conducted, localization being the spine in 52 cases (12 dorsal, 36
      lumbar, 4 sacroiliac) and the pelvis 8 times. Etiology was a tumoral process in
      15 cases (14 metastases and 1 reticulosarcoma), 7 infectious processes including
      2 cases of tuberculosis, 26 cases of decalcifying degenerative osteopathies, 1
      Paget's disease, 1 ankylosing spondylitis and 1 bone infarct. Biopsy was
      unsuccessful in 9 cases, the success rate being an overall 85%. Complications
      were not observed. Conducted under local anesthesia, deep bone biopsy provides a
      rapid diagnosis and allows a shortened hospital stay. Surgery is generally
      avoided and appropriate treatment instituted more rapidly.

PMID- 4045795
TI  - [Chronic lymphoid leukemia of the colon. Apropos of a case].
AB  - The authors describe a rare case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia of the colon
      which they observed. Particular emphasis is placed upon the problem of
      differential diagnosis as presented by this affection.

PMID- 4045797
TI  - [Presentation of an apparatus for performing double-contrast barium enema at a
      distance].

PMID- 4045796
TI  - [How to obtain a negative from a video recording].
AB  - A. system of reproduction of an ultrasound image is proposed for obtaining easily
      filed permanent images (on film or paper) from any type of video recording.

PMID- 4045798
TI  - 'Preparing for your operation'.
AB  - A patients information leaflet was introduced onto a female
      surgical/gynaecological ward to determine its acceptability and usefulness. By
      returning a questionnaire patients indicated that it was both desirable and
      valuable and should preferably be available before admission to hospital.

PMID- 4045799
TI  - Assessment of casualties in a chemical environment.
AB  - A trial is reported in which RAMC staff working in a dressing station and wearing
      full NBC Individual Protective Equipment (IPE), attempted to take pulse and blood
      pressure (BP) readings on casualties similarly clad. These basic parameters
      however, were obtained from only half the casualties, the time taken to obtain
      them was prohibitive and the blood pressures were inaccurate. Certain remedies
      are discussed but until existing equipment is modified casualties are best
      evacuated directly to a protected unit or out of the contaminated zone.

PMID- 4045800
TI  - Vital signs monitoring in a chemical environment.

PMID- 4045801
TI  - Pharaoh's ants--treatment of infestation in a block of flats.
AB  - A juvenile hormone analogue, methoprene, was used to treat a block of 18 flats
      which were heavily infested with Pharaoh's Ants. Complete eradication was
      achieved in 3 months.

PMID- 4045802
TI  - Tick borne relapsing fever imported into the United Kingdom.
AB  - A case of tick borne relapsing fever contracted in Cyprus and imported into
      England is reported. This is the first report of the diagnosis being established
      by finding the organism in the bone marrow.

PMID- 4045804
TI  - Pseudocyst of the pancreas in childhood.
AB  - Pancreatic cysts are uncommon in childhood. Over half of those reported are
      caused by trauma. A case report is presented and the management of this patient
      discussed with reference to information from previous reports.

PMID- 4045803
TI  - The late effect of grenade fragments.
AB  - Following the explosion of a grenade or shell, the victim may be peppered with
      literally hundreds of pieces of metal. Troublesome fragments which perforate a
      major viscus may be removed but others are often left behind, as it is felt
      (usually correctly) that these fragments will cause no harm. We describe a case
      in which a grenade fragment received 16 years previously pierced the large bowel.
      A psoas abscess developed which was located by ultrasound. Pus was aspirated
      under ultrasound control and the lesion was successfully treated by antibiotics.

PMID- 4045806
TI  - The old order changeth.

PMID- 4045805
TI  - Sigmoid volvulus in late pregnancy.
AB  - Sigmoid volvulus in late pregnancy is an uncommon complication. We report a case
      of a 35 year old Caucasian woman who presented with symptoms and signs of
      intestinal obstruction when 34 weeks pregnant. Surgical management of the case is
      described and the literature reviewed.

PMID- 4045807
TI  - Electrocardiography and echocardiography in patients with chest pain and mitral
      leaflet prolapse.
AB  - 34 patients with catheter verified, haemodynamically trivial mitral leaflet
      prolapse with chest pain and normal coronary arteries were studied. Nineteen had
      no auscultatory signs of MLP despite clear catheter or echocardiographic evidence
      of prolapse. Infero-lateral repolarisation changes on the resting
      electrocardiogram were present in 29%. 50% had false positive exercise tests. M
      mode echocardiography proved diagnostically disappointing but sector scans
      revealed mitral leaflet prolapse in 62%. The apical 4 chamber acoustic window was
      markedly superior to the parasternal long axis acoustic window.

PMID- 4045808
TI  - Serum profiles of androstenedione, testosterone and LH from birth through puberty
      in buffalo bull calves.
AB  - Blood samples were taken once per week for 4-7 weeks from 59 buffalo calves in 14
      age groups, 1-2 months apart. Hormones were quantified by validated
      radioimmunoassays. Values of androstenedione and testosterone were low at birth
      (141.3 +/- 33.5 pg/ml and 18.0 +/- 2.9 pg/ml, respectively; mean +/- s.d.). Serum
      androstenedione concentrations gradually increased from birth until 8 months of
      age and declined (P less than 0.05) thereafter, whereas mean testosterone values
      were low up to 8 months and then significantly (P less than 0.05) increased as
      age advanced. LH concentrations averaged 2.12 +/- 0.47 ng/ml at birth.
      Thereafter, a decline in LH values was followed by an increase between 6 and 15
      months of age. We conclude that, in buffalo bull calves, the pubertal period
      occurs from about 8 to 15 months of age. For pubertal buffalo bulls 15-17 months
      of age, serum concentrations of androstenedione, testosterone and LH were 156.9
      +/- 54.6 pg/ml, 208.4 +/- 93.8 pg/ml and 2.10 +/- 0.70 ng/ml, respectively.

PMID- 4045809
TI  - Hormone concentrations before and after semen-induced ovulation in the bactrian
      camel (Camelus bactrianus).
AB  - During the follicular phase of bactrian camels, basal concentrations of LH were
      2.7 +/- 1.2 ng/ml. By 4 h after insemination peak values of 6.9 +/- 1.0 ng/ml
      occurred. In addition, a smaller LH peak (5.4 +/- 2.5 ng/ml) appeared 1 day
      before regression of the follicle began in unmated camels. During the follicular
      phase peripheral plasma progesterone values were low (0.36 +/- 0.28 ng/ml), but
      values increased to reach 1.73 +/- 0.74 ng/ml at 3 days and 2.4 +/- 0.86 ng/ml at
      7 days after ovulation. Plasma oestradiol-17 beta concentrations were 26.8 +/-
      9.0 pg/ml during the follicular phase and 30.8 +/- 5.1 pg/ml when the follicle
      was maximum size. Values fell after ovulation but rose to 29.8 +/- 6.5 pg/ml 3
      days later.

PMID- 4045810
TI  - Quantitative morphometric and histopathological study in rabbit oviducts after
      microsurgical treatment.
AB  - The histopathological lesions remaining after microsurgical tubal reanastomosis
      were investigated quantitatively by light microscopy and qualitatively by
      transmission and scanning electron microscopy. In 23 rabbit oviducts, the
      influence of the suture material poly-p-dioxanon and polyglactin-910 and post
      operative time interval (6 and 12-15 weeks) was evaluated and compared with non
      anastomosed contralateral oviducts as well as with those of unoperated controls.
      Except in the controls, partial deciliation, pathological kinocilia structure,
      microvilli and cytoplasmic blebs were found in all tissues, demonstrating an
      almost complete endosalpingeal restoration. A statistically significant increase
      of the muscular thickness was observed on the operated and unoperated sides and
      was due to fibrosis and expressed by cell/stroma ratio. Subepithelial microgland
      like structures also appeared on both sides. As neither the kind of suture
      material nor time intervals led to differences in tissue reaction and, moreover,
      as similar alterations were found in the non-anastomosed oviducts, the lesions
      are presumed to be mainly the response to laparotomy.

PMID- 4045811
TI  - Protein production by cultures established from Day-14-16 sheep and pig
      conceptuses.
AB  - Primary cell cultures were established from cells derived from dissociated Day-14
      and -16 sheep and pig blastocysts. The appearance of cells in culture from both
      species was similar. Cultures contained a variety of cells with distinct
      morphologies, some were small and compact and formed clumps and multiple layers
      while others were large, flat and formed a monolayer. Within 4 h of culturing
      small floating fluid-filled spheres of cells were observed in the medium; some of
      these increased in size to greater than 1 cm diameter over 1-2 weeks. In
      addition, fluid-filled domes of cells arose from the underlying monolayer.
      Contractile cells became evident after about 8 days and some became organized
      into large patches of contracting tissue. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and fluorography were performed on proteins released into the
      medium by confluent monolayers, floating spheres and floating cells that failed
      to attach during the first 24 h. All cultures produced as major products proteins
      with electrophoretic mobilities identical to certain fetal plasma proteins. In
      general, cultures did not produce proteins characteristic of short-term cultures
      of whole conceptuses harvested at Days 14-16. In cultures established from sheep
      blastocysts only the cells that failed to attach produced ovine trophoblast
      protein-1, a major polypeptide produced by the trophectoderm of the sheep
      conceptus between Days 13 and 21 of pregnancy.

PMID- 4045812
TI  - Follicular growth and atresia in the ovaries of hens (Gallus domesticus) with
      diminished egg production rates.
AB  - Diets containing 3.5, 1.0 and 0.1% calcium were fed from the age of 42 weeks to
      individually caged laying hens. Ovaries were examined at 46-49 and 70 weeks of
      age for changes in the follicular population corresponding to the lowered egg
      production rates of birds given calcium-deficient diets (1.0% and 0.1%) and older
      birds given a normal diet (3.5%). Growth rates of follicles from 3.5 mm diameter
      to ovulation were not changed by the level of dietary calcium in 46-49-week-old
      birds. The number of atretic small follicles (less than or equal to 8 mm diam.)
      increased in old and calcium-deprived birds, resulting in lower numbers of viable
      follicles in the intermediate stages of growth (3-8 mm diam.). There was also an
      increase in the number of small follicles (1-2 mm diam.) starting to grow in 70
      week-old birds which may have partly compensated for the increased loss by
      atresia. Birds of all ages on all diets were able to produce large follicles up
      to ovulable size. The main feature of poor laying birds was a reduction in the
      ovulation rate due to the loss of large follicles (greater than 8 mm diam.) by
      atresia, an event seen rarely in the birds with good laying performance. As
      atresia is the normal fate of most of the small follicles, the mechanisms
      controlling atresia in the small follicles and the large follicles appear to be
      independent.

PMID- 4045813
TI  - Concentrations of LH, oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone in the peripheral
      plasma of swamp buffalo cows (Bubalus bubalis) around the time of oestrus.
AB  - Peripheral plasma concentrations of LH, oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone were
      measured in 13 mature swamp buffalo cows at 4-h intervals from 36-40 h before
      until 36-40 h after the onset of oestrus. Mean LH concentrations increased
      sharply to a peak of 35 ng/ml and returned to basal levels of 5 ng/ml within a 12
      h period beginning soon after the onset of oestrus. Mean oestradiol-17 beta
      concentrations were within the range 9-13 pg/ml from 36-40 h before until 12-16 h
      after the onset of oestrus, and within the range 7-9 pg/ml thereafter.
      Progesterone concentrations remained around 0.1 ng/ml throughout the sampling
      period. There were no significant differences in hormone concentrations or
      changes between cows that conceived and those that did not conceive to artificial
      insemination 12-24 h after onset of oestrus.

PMID- 4045814
TI  - Relationship between carcass composition and first oestrus in Romney ewe lambs.
AB  - Weaned Romney ewe lambs were grazed at two levels of nutrition from 20 December
      to 12 April. Both groups were grazed together at a high level of nutrition
      thereafter. Vasectomized rams were introduced on 1 April. Oestrus occurred in
      62/84 (74%) of the low nutrition group and in all 24 of the high nutrition group.
      The mean date of first oestrus was 3 June for the former and 28 May for the
      latter. The non-oestrous ewes were killed on 17 July and the others within 5 days
      of showing oestrus. From each carcass, certain organs (i.e. adrenals, ovaries,
      thyroid, heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, spleen, stomach and uterus) and various
      fat depots were dissected out and weighed. In addition, half of the carcass was
      minced and subsampled for protein and fat analysis. The weight of uterus
      discriminated between oestrous and non-oestrous animals, as did a linear
      combination of the weights of lungs, spleen and stomach. The data suggest that
      fatness or protein content, or the weights of the other organs, are not important
      indicators of sexual maturity in female sheep.

PMID- 4045815
TI  - Seasonal variations of plasma prolactin and LH concentrations in the female blue
      fox (Alopex lagopus).
AB  - A heterologous radioimmunoassay system developed for the rabbit and suitable for
      a wide range of mammalian species has been shown to measure prolactin in the
      plasma of the blue fox. Evaluation of prolactin levels throughout the year showed
      the concentrations displayed a circannual rhythm with the highest values
      occurring in May and June. Prolactin concentrations remained low (approximately
      2.5 ng/ml plasma) from July until April with no consistent changes found around
      oestrus (March-April). In 8 pregnant females, the prolactin increase in late
      April and May coincided with the last part of gestation and lactation:
      concentrations (mean +/- s.e.m.) increased to 6.3 +/- 0.6 ng/ml at mid-gestation,
      9.7 +/- 2.1 ng/ml at the end of gestation and 26.7 +/- 5.0 ng/ml during
      lactation. In 10 non-pregnant animals, the mean +/- s.e.m. values were 7.2 +/-
      1.2 ng/ml in April, 8.8 +/- 2.2 ng/ml in May and 9.8 +/- 1.3 ng/ml in June. The
      prolactin profile in 4 ovariectomized females was similar to that observed in non
      pregnant animals, but the plasma values tended to be lower during the
      reproductive season (April-June). In intact females, the only large LH peak
      (average 28 ng/ml) was observed around oestrus. During pro-oestrus, baseline LH
      levels were interrupted by elevations of 3.1-10.4 ng/ml. During the rest of the
      year, basal levels were less than 3 ng/ml. In ovariectomized females, LH
      concentrations increased within 2 days of ovariectomy and remained high (35-55
      ng/ml) at all times of year.

PMID- 4045816
TI  - Differential production of steroids by dispersed granulosa and theca interna
      cells from developing preovulatory follicles of pigs.
AB  - Dispersed granulosa and theca interna cells were recovered from follicles of
      prepubertal gilts at 36, 72 and 108 h after treatment with 750 i.u. PMSG,
      followed 72 h later with 500 i.u. hCG to stimulate follicular growth and
      ovulation. In the absence of aromatizable substrate, theca interna cells produced
      substantially more oestrogen than did granulosa cells. Oestrogen production was
      increased markedly in the presence of androstenedione and testosterone in
      granulosa cells but only to a limited extent in theca interna cells. The ability
      of both cellular compartments to produce oestrogen increased up to 72 h with
      androstenedione being the preferred substrate. Oestrogen production by the two
      cell types incubated together was greater than the sum produced when incubated
      alone. Theca interna cells were the principal source of androgen, predominantly
      androstenedione. Thecal androgen production increased with follicular development
      and was enhanced by addition of pregnenolone or by LH 36 and 72 h after PMSG
      treatment. The ability of granulosa and thecal cells to produce progesterone
      increased with follicular development and addition of pregnenolone. After
      exposure of developing follicles to hCG in vivo, both cell types lost their
      ability to produce oestrogen. Thecal cells continued to produce androgen and
      progesterone but no longer responded to LH in vitro. These studies indicate that
      several functional changes in the steroidogenic abilities of the granulosa and
      theca interna compartments occur during follicular maturation.

PMID- 4045817
TI  - Enhancement of sperm transport through the rat epididymis after castration.
AB  - Transport of spermatozoa through different regions of the epididymis has been
      followed by labelling testicular spermatozoa with [3H]thymidine in intact rats
      and in rats in which the efferent ducts were ligated or the testes were removed.
      In intact rats, the transit times of epididymal spermatozoa from the initial
      segment to the caput, from the caput to the corpus, and from the corpus to the
      cauda were 2, 4 and 2 days, respectively, giving a total transit time of 8 days.
      After bilateral castration, labelled spermatozoa were transferred from the
      initial segment into the proximal cauda by 2 days and appeared in the ductus
      deferens by 4 days. This effect was prevented by a daily subcutaneous injection
      of testosterone propionate (0.2 mg/kg). Bilateral efferent duct ligation had only
      a slight effect on the passage of epididymal spermatozoa. The results indicate
      that epididymal sperm transport is enhanced after androgen withdrawal.

PMID- 4045818
TI  - Maturation of ovarian function in female ferrets is influenced by photoperiod.
AB  - Sexual maturation of immature ferrets in response to a stimulatory photoperiod
      generally occurs within 6-7 weeks after imposition of long days at 16 weeks of
      age. In this study, females were examined for evidence of ovarian maturation
      after 22 days of exposure to the stimulatory photoperiod, before any sign of
      sexual maturation. The photoperiod-stimulated and control females were the same
      age (19 weeks), had similar body weights, and showed no evidence of vulvar
      oedema. Comparison of oestradiol secretory response to hCG stimulation and of
      follicular development in the ovary revealed marked ovarian stimulation in
      females kept in long days compared to control females kept in short days. A
      prolonged period of ovarian stimulation therefore occurs during exposure to long
      days before there is external evidence of sexual maturation in ferrets.

PMID- 4045819
TI  - Immunosuppression, sialic acid, and sialyltransferase of bovine serum as a
      function of progesterone concentration.
AB  - Serum samples from progesterone-oestrogen-treated ovariectomized Holstein cows (N
      = 4) were compared with samples from control ovariectomized Holstein cows (N = 4)
      to determine the effects of physiological levels (0-6 ng/ml) of circulating
      progesterone. The average progesterone level in treated animals rose from 1 ng/ml
      (Day 0) to plateau at 5 ng/ml (Days 12 to 36). Sera from progesterone-oestrogen
      treated cows during Days 4 to 10 significantly suppressed stimulation of
      lymphocytes by phytohaemagglutinin as compared with sera from control cows (P =
      0.02), whereas no differences were detected in serum samples from Days 12 to 36.
      Serum samples from progesterone-oestrogen-treated or control cows did not affect
      the stimulation of lymphocytes by pokeweed mitogen. Sialyltransferase activity (P
      = 0.0002) and sialic acid content (P = 0.006) were both significantly elevated in
      serum from progesterone-oestrogen-treated animals compared with controls during
      Days 8 to 16, whereas no significant differences were observed at later times.
      The results suggest that suppression of phytohaemagglutinin-induced stimulation,
      sialic acid content, and sialyltransferase activity are sensitive not to the
      circulating level of progesterone but rather to increases in progesterone
      concentration, with maximal effects observed at Days 8, 12 and 12, respectively,
      after the start of progesterone treatment. The work provides a preliminary basis
      for further studies on the mechanism of immunosuppression by steroids and during
      pregnancy.

PMID- 4045820
TI  - Induction of oestrus in the camel (Camelus dromedarius) during seasonal
      anoestrus.
AB  - Injection of 7000 i.u. PMSG induced oestrus in 7 camels during the last part of
      seasonal anoestrus. Mature follicles developed and a CL was formed after fertile
      mating. However, pregnancy was not maintained by Day 60 in the 3 females detected
      as pregnant by rectal palpation and increased progesterone concentrations at Day
      50. A single male camel mated with 4 of the females 2-16 days after the PMSG
      injection, and 2 or 3 matings occurred. The failure of pregnancy after induction
      of oestrus and mating during seasonal anoestrus was probably due to inadequate
      luteal function.

PMID- 4045821
TI  - Decreased androstenedione production with increased follicular maturation in
      theca cells from the domestic hen (Gallus domesticus).
AB  - Collagenase-dispersed theca cells from the 3rd and 4th largest ovarian follicles
      (T3) were responsive to LH stimulation of both oestrogen and androstenedione
      production, whereas theca cells from the largest follicle (T1) failed to respond
      to the gonadotrophin stimulation. Similarly, 8-bromo cAMP and forskolin were more
      effective in stimulating oestrogen and androstenedione production in T3 than in
      T1 cells, indicating that post-receptor events were involved in the decreased LH
      responsiveness of T1 cells. The C17-20-lyase activity, as measured by conversion
      of [3H]17-hydroxyprogesterone to androstenedione, was greatly reduced in T1 cells
      as compared to T3 cells. The results demonstrate that a decrease in C17-20-lyase
      activity, in addition to a decrease in aromatase activity, contributes to the
      loss of LH-stimulated steroidogenesis in mature theca cells.

PMID- 4045822
TI  - Occurrence of haploid and haploid/diploid mosaic embryos in untreated and
      androstenedione-immune Australian Merino sheep.
AB  - Chromosome counts were obtained from 73 out of 177 (41%) early cleavage-stage
      Merino embryos. A further 13 embryos were classified as probably diploid.
      Chromosome aberrations were found in 8 (11%) embryos, one of which was aneuploid
      and the remainder (9.6%) had euploid abnormalities. If the probable diploid
      embryos are included, the incidence of euploid aberrations falls to 8.1%. Of the
      abnormal embryos there was one aneuploid with 2N = 55, two haploids, four
      haploid/diploid mosaics and one zygote with 4 haploid metaphase plates. Two
      additional zygotes had 4 interphase pronuclei. Four of the euploid abnormalities
      were attributable to the entry of two or more spermatozoa and therefore
      polyspermy is the largest single factor leading to chromosomally aberrant embryos
      in this population of Merino ewes.

PMID- 4045823
TI  - A statistical evaluation of implantation after replacing one or more human
      embryos.
AB  - All the available data relating to pregnancy and multiple implantations from
      Bourn Hall Clinic are used to assess the accuracy of two statistical models of
      implantation. The simple binomial model was found to be incapable of describing
      both the pregnancy rates and the incidence of multiple implantations, whereas a
      two-parameter model, incorporating both patient and embryo variability, provided
      a good fit to the data. The estimates obtained for the two parameters in the
      second model suggested that 36% of the embryos could implant, and that 43% of
      patients were capable of sustaining implantation. The Maximum Likelihood method
      of constructing 95% confidence limits on the estimates of the parameter values is
      demonstrated.

PMID- 4045824
TI  - Structure of the uterine luminal epithelium of the brush-tailed possum
      (Trichosurus vulpecula).
AB  - Morphology and morphometry of the luminal surface of the uterus of the brush
      tailed possum were studied during the oestrous cycle, in anoestrous animals and
      after ovariectomy. At oestrus the secretory cells were small and the epithelium
      heavily ciliated. The relative surface area occupied by secretory cells reached a
      maximum on Day 13 when plasma progesterone concentrations are maximal. The mean
      apical surface area of the secretory cells also reached a maximum at this time.
      Both these measures decreased on Day 18 when involution of the epithelium was
      taking place. This process was essentially complete by Day 24 and was followed by
      extensive ciliogenesis. Secretory cells from anoestrous animals appeared to have
      an apical surface area similar to the minimum recorded during the oestrous cycle
      and extensive loss of cilia did not occur. Ovariectomy caused loss of ciliated
      cells and a reduction in the mean apical surface area to a dimension much smaller
      than that measured in intact animals.

PMID- 4045825
TI  - Plasma concentrations of progesterone in female red deer (Cervus elaphus) during
      the breeding season, pregnancy and anoestrus.
AB  - Concentrations of progesterone in peripheral plasma of red deer hinds were basal
      (less than 1 ng/ml) during lactation/seasonal anoestrus, but increased abruptly
      at the onset of the breeding season. Lactating hinds (N = 19) started ovarian
      cycles 10 days later (P less than 0.01) and conceived 16 days later (P less than
      0.001) than did 13 weaned hinds. There was no evidence, from plasma progesterone
      values, of silent oestrus at the start of the season. Progestagen/PMSG treatment
      induced early ovulations in 8 anoestrous hinds but fertility was low, only 2
      conceiving and giving birth. Pregnant hinds (N = 42) had high plasma
      concentrations of progesterone (mean 3-5 ng/ml) which declined just before
      parturition.

PMID- 4045826
TI  - Early events of in-vitro fertilization of cat eggs by epididymal spermatozoa.
AB  - Newly ovulated eggs from mature queens treated with PMSG and hCG were inseminated
      in modified KRB solution with spermatozoa recovered from the cauda epididymidis
      of male cats. When 5 eggs were examined 15 min after insemination, no signs of
      sperm penetration into the vitellus were observed. However, in an egg examined
      before fixation 20 min after insemination, a spermatozoon whose head had passed
      through the zona pellucida was observed. Very high proportions (90-100%) of the
      eggs were penetrated when they were examined 0.5-5 h after insemination. Male and
      female pronuclei were first observed in eggs examined 4 h after insemination.

PMID- 4045827
TI  - Non-invasive assessment of endocrine differences in day-old chicks (Gallus
      domesticus) by analysis of the immunoreactive oestrogen excreted in the egg.
AB  - Oestrone, oestradiol and an uncharacterized polar fraction of oestrogenic
      substances were monitored by radioimmunoassay in Day-0 domesticated chickens
      (Gallus domesticus) after routine 21.5-day artificial incubation. Paired adrenals
      and gonads, blood serum and in-ovo excrement (allantoic urates plus cloacal
      expressions) were collected from 9 female and 10 male chicks. All samples were
      homogenized, hydrolysed and extracted with ether. Component oestrogens were
      isolated by celite:ethylene glycol column co-chromatography before assay. All egg
      excretory oestrogen measurements were higher (P less than 0.001) in females than
      in males. Oestradiol was the major excretory oestrogen in both sexes;
      oestradiol:oestrone ratios (mean +/- s.e.m.) in females and males were 18.45 +/-
      2.42 and 3.03 +/- 0.37, respectively. Females had higher (P less than 0.01) total
      oestrogens for gonadal and adrenal homogenates and for blood serum samples than
      did the males; oestradiol was generally the major component.

PMID- 4045828
TI  - Phospholipase and lysophospholipase activities of goat spermatozoa in transit
      from the caput to the cauda epididymidis.
AB  - Phospholipase and lysophospholipase activities were assayed in goat epididymal
      spermatozoa. Lysophospholipase was 10 times more active than phospholipase, and
      both enzymes decreased in activity substantially in the transit of spermatozoa
      from the caput to the cauda epididymidis. A comparative study revealed that
      phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, -choline and -inositol and phosphatidic acid were
      hydrolysed by goat sperm phospholipase. Hydrolysis of
      phosphatidylethanolamine/phosphatidylcholine revealed the end products to be
      glycerophosphoethanolamine/choline but neither diglycerides nor
      lysophosphatidylethanolamine/lysophosphatidylcholine were detected.

PMID- 4045829
TI  - Identification of selectively solubilised syncytiotrophoblast plasma membrane
      proteins as potential antigenic targets during normal human pregnancy.
AB  - Syncytiotrophoblast plasma membranes prepared from term placentae were
      selectively solubilised in non-ionic detergents. The solubilised proteins and the
      insoluble residue were tested in an ELISA assay for their ability to function as
      antigenic targets for anti-trophoblast antibodies present in normal first
      trimester pregnancy sera. The soluble proteins were fractionated by gel
      filtration and four major antigen forms were identified. The antigens were
      reactive with affinity purified anti-trophoblast antibody isolated from maternal
      sera and hence were termed maternally-recognised trophoblast antigens (MRTA);
      these were designated MRTA-I (Mr = 400,000 D), MRTA-II (Mr = 142,000), MRTA-III
      (Mr = 50,000) and MRTA-IV (Mr = 13,000). The relationship between MRTA-I, II, III
      and IV and antigens identified in maternal sera in the form of immune complexes
      is discussed.

PMID- 4045830
TI  - Human seminal plasma is a potent inhibitor of natural killer cell activity in
      vitro.
AB  - The effect of human seminal plasma on the natural killer (NK) activity of human
      peripheral blood leukocytes in vitro has been investigated. Small concentrations
      (as low as 0.01% v/v) of seminal plasma were found to inhibit the ability of
      human peripheral blood leukocytes to lyse K562 target cells. These inhibitory
      effects were observed with seminal plasma donations from normal and infertile
      individuals, including those who had been vasectomised. The inhibition noted
      appeared to be independent of the presence of antisperm antibodies which could
      conceivably cross-react with NK cells. Furthermore, the factors responsible
      survived boiling for 15 min and could not be absorbed out with K562 target cells.
      These profound inhibitory effects might be relevant to malignancy of the
      urogenital tract and the defence against sexually transmitted disease.

PMID- 4045832
TI  - Value of a screening urinalysis in pregnancy.
AB  - In order to assess the value of a screening urinalysis in the detection of
      urinary tract infection, the results of routine urinalyses from 1,062 obstetric
      patients were compared to subsequent culture results. A positive urine culture
      was predicted by pyuria, bacteriuria and a positive nitrite test; the predictive
      values were 23%, 21% and 87%, respectively. If all the parameters were negative,
      96% of the cultures were negative. These findings suggest that in the interest of
      cost effectiveness, the urine can be cultured only when the screening urinalysis
      shows pyuria, bacteriuria or a positive nitrite test.

PMID- 4045831
TI  - Secretory immunoglobulin binding to bacteria in the mouse uterus after mating.
AB  - Bacteria of several species were present in the mouse uterus on the morning after
      mating, as demonstrated by bacterial cultures and microscopic examination of Gram
      stained uterine luminal contents. The similarity between bacteria cultured from
      the vagina before mating and from the uterus after mating suggested that bacteria
      were introduced into the uterus from the vagina, possibly by coitus. The bacteria
      were cleared from the uterus about two days after mating. Immunohistochemical
      labeling of smears of the luminal contents on the morning after mating
      demonstrated IgA, IgG, and possibly IgM bound to many of the bacteria. The
      bacteria were often agglutinated, and there was a correlation between the
      intensity of immunoglobulin labeling on bacteria and the extent of agglutination.
      The amount of antibody bound to bacteria in multiparous mice was about the same
      as in mice that had not been mated previously. We observed both IgG and IgA on
      bacteria when organisms from vaginal cultures were incubated for 60 min in the
      uteri of estrogen-primed, virgin, female mice. This indicated that the uterus was
      the source of at least part of the immunoglobulins bound to bacteria. We did not
      demonstrate that the immunoglobulins bound to bacteria were specific anti
      bacterial antibodies, but the binding persisted through three washing steps and
      there was no immunoglobulin binding to sperm in the same preparations.
      Neutrophils in the uterine lumen on the day after mating contained phagocytosed
      bacteria. These results suggest that the secretory immune system in the female
      mouse reproductive tract may play a role in returning the uterus to an aseptic
      state after mating by at least three mechanisms: direct blocking of attachment
      sites involved in bacterial binding to mucosal epithelium, agglutination of
      bacteria and thus reduction in the number of organisms available for binding to
      the epithelium, and opsonization of bacteria for phagocytosis by neutrophils.

PMID- 4045833
TI  - Midtrimester abortion with Laminaria and vacuum evacuation on a teaching service.
AB  - Midtrimester abortion by the dilatation and evacuation (D&E) method has generated
      controversy among health-care providers; many authorities insist that this
      procedure should be performed only by a small group of experts. Our institution
      has been providing abortions for patients who were at 13-16 1/2 menstrual weeks
      on a teaching service with Laminaria and vacuum evacuation (midtrimester D&E).
      The procedures were performed under local anesthesia in a separate, specially
      staffed, in-hospital pregnancy termination unit on an ambulatory basis. Twelve
      resident physicians at different training levels performed 87% of the procedures
      under the direct, hands-on supervision of a small but experienced faculty group.
      Records of 1,392 consecutive patients who underwent midtrimester D&E at Brigham
      and Women's Hospital between January 1, 1979, and December 31, 1980, were
      analyzed. There were no maternal deaths or life-threatening complications.
      Immediate and late morbidity was minimal. There were no major complications that
      necessitated laparotomy. Despite the use of Laminaria overnight, a "no-touch"
      rather than full sterile technique and no prophylactic antibiotics, infectious
      complications were minimal. We conclude that midtrimester D&E can be performed
      safely and efficiently by resident physicians in an appropriate teaching facility
      under close supervision. That ultimately can increase accessibility to the D&E
      procedure by increasing the number of physicians trained in this modality.

PMID- 4045834
TI  - Outpatient cervical conization with the CO2 laser.
AB  - Ninety-six patients with grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) were
      treated with CO2 laser conization, and 45 were treated with cold-knife
      conization. Local anesthesia was used in 83% of the patients in the laser group;
      the rest received general anesthesia. In the laser group seven patients developed
      peri- and postoperative hemorrhages. Hemorrhages occurred among four of those
      treated with cold-knife conization. Laser conization with local anesthesia was
      well tolerated and can be recommended as an outpatient procedure for patients
      with endocervical grade 3 CIN or lesions suggestive of microinvasive cancer.

PMID- 4045835
TI  - Treatment of women who have undergone chemically induced abortions.
AB  - The pathophysiology of abortion induced by the transcervical introduction of
      compounds containing mixtures of soap, cresol and phenol is complex. A plan is
      necessary for the treatment of such critically ill women. The complex,
      multisystem damage produced by those compounds requires an extremely
      sophisticated treatment approach to avoid the many pitfalls that beset those
      cases.

PMID- 4045836
TI  - Failure of continuous intravenous heparinization to prevent stroke in a pregnant
      woman with a prosthetic valve and atrial fibrillation. A case report.
AB  - Adequate heparinization is considered to prevent stroke in pregnant women with
      prosthetic heart valves. A 21-year-old pregnant woman with a Starr-Eduards
      prosthetic mitral valve and atrial fibrillation experienced repeated cerebral
      embolic events despite full heparinization.

PMID- 4045837
TI  - The possible role of neuropeptides in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid
      arthritis.

PMID- 4045838
TI  - Viscosity and hyperviscosity: application of hemorheological concepts to
      rheumatology.

PMID- 4045839
TI  - Controversies in the analysis of longterm clinical trials of slow acting drugs.

PMID- 4045840
TI  - Prostaglandin E1 inhibition of experimental amyloidosis in CBA/J mice.
AB  - The antiinflammatory activity of systemically administered prostaglandin E1
      (PGE1) was studied in experimental CBA/J mouse amyloidosis induced by chronic
      stimulation with silver nitrate. PGE1 lowered splenic deposition of amyloid A
      protein (AA) (p = 0.035). Serum amyloid A protein (SAA) levels were not
      suppressed by PGE1 in the acute phase, while decreased SAA levels appeared to be
      an integral part of the chronic inflammatory phase, with or without PGE1
      treatment. Accelerated amyloid deposition induced by amyloid-enhancing factor
      (AEF) was not blocked by PGE1. This suggests that PGE1 inhibits amyloidosis in
      the predeposition phase, possibly by preventing formation of AEF or other
      deposition factors.

PMID- 4045841
TI  - An improved assay for IgG rheumatoid factor: its value in the diagnosis of
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - A simple radioimmunoassay suitable for the routine estimation of IgG rheumatoid
      factors (IgG RF) has been developed. This involves determination of the amount of
      IgG RF binding to highly purified human IgG Fc on microtiter plates using a
      radiolabelled F(ab')2 preparation of an antihuman IgG Fd antiserum. A correction
      for nonspecific binding is made by subtracting sample reactivity with bovine
      serum albumin. Significantly elevated IgG RF levels were found only in patients
      with symmetrical peripheral erosive polyarthritis and in some patients with
      "mixed connective tissue disease."

PMID- 4045842
TI  - IgA containing immune complexes in rheumatoid vasculitis and in active rheumatoid
      disease.
AB  - Serum and synovial fluid (SF) from 68 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
      were studied for the presence of immune complexes (IC) and the results correlated
      with extraarticular features and/or disease activity. IC were measured by the
      125I Clq binding assay (ClqBA) and with one detecting IgG, IgA, C3 or C4 in IC.
      Disease activity correlated significantly with IgG or IgA containing and Clq
      binding IC. The IgA containing IC were found only in 25% of the patients,
      including all but one case of rheumatoid vasculitis, but otherwise only in
      seropositive active RA. C3 and C4 IC did not correlated with disease activity,
      seropositivity or vasculitis. IC in serum did not correlate with SF levels, but
      C4 containing IC were more frequent in SF (60%) than in serum (30%). Thus serum
      IC did not reflect SF levels. Patients with vasculitis showed more IC in the sera
      than in SF.

PMID- 4045843
TI  - Measurement of exercise tolerance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and
      osteoarthritis.
AB  - We evaluated the effect of strenuous aerobic exercise on joint symptoms and
      compared the functional capacity and muscle strength among patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA), and very sedentary matched
      controls. Strenuous ergometer exercise did not exacerbate joint symptoms in these
      patients. Isotonic leg extension and flexion as well as grip strength were
      diminished in the RA and OA subjects compared to controls (p less than 0.05). All
      subjects displayed low maximum oxygen consumption indicating reduced functional
      capacity. Acute bouts of strenuous exercise performed on bicycle ergometer do not
      appear harmful to the nonacute arthritis patient.

PMID- 4045844
TI  - The measurement of helplessness in rheumatoid arthritis. The development of the
      arthritis helplessness index.
AB  - We describe the development of the Arthritis Helplessness Index (AHI), a self
      report instrument designed to measure patients' perceptions of loss of control
      with arthritis. The participants in this research were 219 patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who completed a quantity of mailed materials, including
      the AHI, functional measures and other psychological scales. Significant evidence
      of reliability and validity of the AHI was found. Greater helplessness correlated
      with greater age, lesser education, lower self-esteem, lower internal health
      locus of control, higher anxiety, and depression, and impairment in performing
      activities of daily living using a health assessment questionnaire. Over one
      year, changes in helplessness correlated with changes in difficulty in performing
      activities of daily living. The AHI appears to be a useful measure for further
      studies in RA and a valuable clinical tool in monitoring the psychological status
      of patients with RA.

PMID- 4045846
TI  - Assessment of esophageal abnormalities in progressive systemic sclerosis using
      radionuclide transit.
AB  - Radionuclide transit (RT) is a noninvasive test of esophageal function with a
      sensitivity equivalent to manometry. Using RT, 34 patients with progressive
      systemic sclerosis (PSS), 15 with diffuse scleroderma and 18 with the CRST
      variant, were studied and compared to 22 patients with other connective tissue
      diseases and 20 normal volunteers. Abnormalities were present in 87% of patients
      with diffuse scleroderma, 72% with CRST, 38% with other connective tissue
      diseases and in none of the controls. The most frequent abnormality in PSS was
      that of adynamic transit. Abnormalities correlated with disease duration in the
      diffuse scleroderma group but not the CRST group. There was a positive
      association between abnormal RT and the presence of esophagitis in the PSS
      patients (p = 0.003).

PMID- 4045845
TI  - Enhanced platelet adhesion to collagen in scleroderma. Effect of scleroderma
      plasma and scleroderma platelets.
AB  - The effect of plasma on platelet adhesion to collagen coated microtiter wells was
      investigated in 22 patients with scleroderma and 26 control subjects. In the
      control subjects, platelet adhesion was 38 +/- 13% (mean +/- SD) of adhesion with
      buffer alone; in scleroderma patients adhesion was 64 +/- 20% (p less than
      0.001). No correlation was seen between the effect of plasma on platelet adhesion
      to collagen and the plasma levels of either FVIII/von Willebrand factor antigen
      or fibronectin in either scleroderma or control subjects. Furthermore,
      scleroderma platelets demonstrated enhanced adhesion compared to control
      platelets when tested in the presence of either control or scleroderma plasma.

PMID- 4045847
TI  - Radionuclide esophageal transit in progressive systemic sclerosis.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) were studied by
      radionuclide esophageal transit (RT) and esophageal manometry. Twenty-two
      patients had abnormal manometry ranging from lower esophageal sphincter
      incompetence to aperistaltism. Of these 22 patients, twenty (91%) had abnormal RT
      with prolongation of transit time. A characteristic RT pattern showing stagnation
      of the radionuclide in the distal and middle segments of the esophagus was
      demonstrated in 82% of the patients with advanced sclerodermatous involvement of
      the esophagus. Fifteen of the 19 controls (79%) studied had a normal RT. Four
      showed prolongation of transit time without stagnation. We conclude that RT is a
      safe, noninvasive, highly sensitive method which might be used as an alternative
      to esophageal manometry. However, it may lack specificity.

PMID- 4045848
TI  - Sensitive solid phase radioimmunoassay for the detection of anti-DNA
      autoantibodies.
AB  - Serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and hybridoma culture
      fluids derived from the fusion of SLE lymphocytes contain antibodies to native
      DNA (nDNA) and denatured DNA (dDNA). A rapid, efficient solid phase
      radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed to screen for minute quantities of these
      autoantibodies. The RIA, which utilized polystyrene tubes, required the addition
      of 0.1% bovine serum albumin and 0.01% Tween 20 detergent to decrease nonspecific
      immunoglobulin binding. Pretreatment of the polystyrene tubes with poly-L-lysine
      (PLL) prior to coating with DNA increased the binding of radiolabeled nDNA from
      15 to 46% and of dDNA from 17 to 63%. This PLL precoating step resulted in a 3
      fold increase in the specificity of the assay for nDNA but was not advantageous
      for dDNA. The method described is sensitive, specific, and can be applied to the
      screening of microgram quantities of anti-DNA autoantibodies in serum and
      hybridoma culture fluids.

PMID- 4045849
TI  - Beneficial effect of topical fibronectin in patients with keratoconjunctivitis
      sicca of Sjogren's syndrome.
AB  - Fibronectin, a high molecular weight plasma protein, was applied locally to 12
      patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca of Sjogren's syndrome refractory to
      conventional treatment. All patients had ophthalmologically proved
      keratoconjunctivitis sicca of unknown etiology and were suffering from severe eye
      symptoms. Fibronectin was purified from autologous plasma and administered to the
      patients as tear drops 3 times a day. All patients responded to the therapy with
      fewer subjective symptoms and decreased fluorescein staining. All but 3 responded
      to the therapy as judged by rose bengal test. No adverse effects were
      encountered. We conclude that local application of fibronectin may benefit
      patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca of Sjogren's syndrome.

PMID- 4045850
TI  - Immunoglobulin allotypes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's
      syndrome and acute anterior uveitis.
AB  - The immune response appears to be partially regulated by genes linked to the IgGH
      chain gene complex. Immunoglobulin allotypic markers Gm groups are distributed in
      Caucasians largely in 5 relatively well defined phenotypes. We examined the
      prevalence of these phenotypes in 119 patients with ankylosing spondylitis,
      Reiter's syndrome or acute anterior uveitis. No significant deviation from the
      control frequencies was noted.

PMID- 4045851
TI  - Lower limb pain in thalassemia.
AB  - A group of 67 homozygous beta thalassemic patients was investigated for
      disturbances related to their lower limbs. Thirty-six patients presented a
      variety of complaints. Four distinct types of pain were found. Ischemic crampy
      muscle pain in 12 patients. Postural pulsating pain after activity or prolonged
      standing was described by 18 patients. High intraosseous pressure was found in a
      significant number of these patients. Post transfusion hemosiderosis producing
      synovitis was diagnosed in 2 patients. Four additional patients presented acute
      self-limiting episodes of pain. This pain was probably due to microfractures.
      Some patients presented a combination of various pain patterns.

PMID- 4045852
TI  - A followup study of ibuprofen users.
AB  - We followed up 13,230 members of the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound
      under the age of 65 years who were presumed to have taken ibuprofen as out
      patients. All hospitalizations that occurred within 3 months after a prescription
      for ibuprofen was filled were reviewed. We found no instances of serious uncommon
      illness which could be attributed to this drug with any reasonable degree of
      certainty. In particular, there were no cases of acute liver or kidney disease
      noted within 3 months of exposure to ibuprofen.

PMID- 4045854
TI  - Massive ascites in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - We report a 59-year-old woman who developed massive, painless ascites attributed
      to systemic lupus erythematosus. Extensive investigations, including exploratory
      laparotomy, failed to demonstrate hepatic, renal, cardiac, infectious, or
      malignant disease. Therapy with systemic corticosteroids resulted in dramatic
      disappearance of ascites which has not recurred after 2 years.

PMID- 4045853
TI  - Fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Occurrence without
      hemoptysis.
AB  - We describe 12 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who developed
      massive pulmonary hemorrhage with very active disease. Other causes of pulmonary
      bleeding were excluded. Eleven of the 12 patients died, but only 4 had
      hemoptysis. Massive pulmonary hemorrhage should be suspected, even in the absence
      of hemoptysis, in severely ill patients with lupus who develop acute respiratory
      distress with bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and a drop in hemoglobin of 3 or
      more g/dl. Because of the deadly nature of this complication of SLE, when it is
      suspected, intensive corticosteroid and immunosuppressive treatment should be
      instituted.

PMID- 4045856
TI  - Massive osteolysis in the hand and response to radiotherapy.
AB  - We report a case of severe bony and articular destruction in the hand of a 62
      year-old woman, secondary to localized vascular proliferation. A short course of
      radiotherapy (total dose 3000 rad) resulted in rapid relief of symptoms and
      prevention of further osseous destruction over a 6-year followup period.

PMID- 4045855
TI  - Idiopathic fibrosclerosis.
AB  - Idiopathic fibrosclerosis (IF) is an acute and chronic inflammatory cellular
      infiltration of tissue associated with varying amounts of fibrosis. Clinical
      prototypes of IF include retroperitoneal fibrosis, mediastinal fibrosis and
      Reidel's struma of the thyroid. IF has been associated with numerous other
      diseases in the literature including systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma,
      polyarteritis nodosa and reactions to several drugs, especially, methysergide and
      several antihypertensive. However, no clear etiologic factor for either the
      inflammatory component or the fibrosis has been found. We present 2 cases of IF
      that exemplify the protean nature of the disease and its potential response to
      immunosuppressive therapy.

PMID- 4045857
TI  - Coincidence of acute rheumatic fever and acute post streptococcal
      glomerulonephritis.
AB  - We report the coexistence of acute rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis
      in a 15-year-old boy, which may have resulted from nonsuppurative complications
      of a streptococcal infection.

PMID- 4045859
TI  - Bilateral avulsion of quadriceps tendons in primary hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Avulsion of the quadriceps tendons with primary hyperparathyroidism has been
      reported twice before. We describe a patient with primary type 1
      hyperparathyroidism who developed well defined rheumatic symptoms in both knees
      as a consequence of bilateral rupture of the quadriceps tendons.

PMID- 4045858
TI  - Symmetric myositis and fasciitis: a complication of sickle cell anemia during
      vasoocclusion.
AB  - Repeated episodes of symmetric myositis and fasciitis occurred in 2 males with
      sickle cell anemia after prolonged painful crises. Drugs and infection could not
      be implicated as a cause. Histologically and therapeutically these cases differ
      from all other known types of myositis/fasciitis. Microscopic evidence of
      vasoocclusion compels consideration of an ischemic basis for this previously
      undescribed entity.

PMID- 4045860
TI  - Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient treated for Wegener's granulomatosis with
      cyclophosphamide and azathioprine.
AB  - Only 5 neoplasms have been reported associated with the use of cytotoxic drugs in
      the treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis. Described here for the first time, to
      our knowledge, is a patient with Wegener's granulomatosis treated with
      cyclophosphamide and azathioprine who later developed Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PMID- 4045861
TI  - Cervical spine involvement in familial Mediterranean fever.
AB  - We report a case of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) complicated by nephrotic
      syndrome and renal failure due to amyloidosis. This case is unique in that the
      severity of joint involvement necessitated bilateral hip replacement and later
      caused cervical apophyseal joint fusion, the latter being a lesion not previously
      described in the course of FMF.

PMID- 4045863
TI  - Increased blood and plasma viscosity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

PMID- 4045862
TI  - Pustulotic arthroosteitis.
AB  - We describe the case of a white male with chronic inflammation of one knee, the
      sternoclavicular area and the dorsal spine, who also had pustulosis palmaris et
      plantaris. Radiological changes were suggestive of pustulotic arthroosteitis. Our
      patient had prominent peripheral joint changes not previously emphasized.

PMID- 4045864
TI  - Complement-fixing ability and specificity of 19S IgM rheumatoid factors in
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4045865
TI  - Herpes zoster and cranial giant cell arteritis.

PMID- 4045866
TI  - Giant cell arteritis diagnosed by carotid endarterectomy.

PMID- 4045867
TI  - Localized scleroderma evolving into systemic sclerosis.

PMID- 4045868
TI  - Intralesional triamcinolone is effective for discoid lupus erythematosus of the
      palms and soles.

PMID- 4045869
TI  - Normal zinc and selenium levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 4045870
TI  - Idiopathic hemochromatosis and HLA antigens.

PMID- 4045871
TI  - Family members of crest patients lack serum anticentromere antibody.

PMID- 4045872
TI  - Organic brain syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis after corticosteroid withdrawal.

PMID- 4045873
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis in a male transsexual.

PMID- 4045874
TI  - Orogenital ulcerations in mixed connective tissue disease.

PMID- 4045875
TI  - An unusual vascular complication of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4045876
TI  - Handwringing mimicking a connective tissue disease.

PMID- 4045877
TI  - Splenic abscess in Felty's syndrome.

PMID- 4045878
TI  - Septic arthritis of the knee presenting as an abscess in the thigh.

PMID- 4045879
TI  - Hypergastrinemia in rheumatoid arthritis is related to Sjogren's syndrome.

PMID- 4045880
TI  - Endocrine treatment of prostatic cancer.

PMID- 4045881
TI  - Ethical problems of in vitro fertilization.

PMID- 4045882
TI  - Cum mula peperit.

PMID- 4045883
TI  - Aneurysms of the abdominal aorta: a 20-year study.
AB  - One hundred and eighty-eight patients in whom the diagnosis of aneurysm of the
      abdominal aorta (AAA) was established after 1 January 1960 were followed until
      their deaths or to 31 December 1979. By the actuarial method, the cumulative 5
      year risk of an intact aneurysm progressing to rupture was 35%; the observed 5
      year survival rate for patients who had medical management for intact AAA was
      30%, for patients who had elective surgery for AAA 74%, for patients who had
      emergency surgery for ruptured AAA 35%, and for those who did not have surgery
      for ruptured AAA 0%. Comparison of the non-operated and electively-operated
      groups of patients showed that the former was disproportionately weighted with
      older higher-risk patients, suggesting that the difference in survival rates for
      the two groups might be a reflection of patient selection rather than of surgical
      intervention. Comparison of the cumulative 5-year risk of rupture of an intact
      AAA with the cumulative 5-year mortality rate associated with elective surgery
      for intact AAA showed that elective surgery for intact AAA might be expected to
      result in a reduction in the cumulative 5-year mortality rates of patients with
      intact AAA.

PMID- 4045884
TI  - Fertile mule in China and her unusual foal.

PMID- 4045885
TI  - Hughes external fixator in treatment of tibial fractures.
AB  - The results of a prospective trial of the use of the Hughes unilateral external
      fixator in the management of 48 tibial diaphyseal fractures are presented. Good
      results were obtained in grade II and III fractures but not in closed and grade I
      fractures. The results and complication rates were comparable with those of other
      more complex external fixators. Good results were found to be dependent on the
      adequacy of the initial reduction and the duration of external fixation, but
      independent of alterations in pin angle, length and location as well as fixator
      location.

PMID- 4045886
TI  - Iron status in hypogammaglobulinaemia.
AB  - Iron, transferrin and ferritin were measured in serum samples from 16 patients
      with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia. Transferrin saturation was low in 12
      patients (75%) and serum ferritin was low in 9 patients (56.25%). Both parameters
      were low, confirming the state of iron deficiency, in 6 patients (37.5%). These
      figures are highly significant (P less than 0.01) when compared with the
      prevalence of iron deficiency in the general population. Eight patients were
      maintained on intravenous immunoglobulin infusions and the rest on intramuscular
      immunoglobulin injections, their mean serum IgG being 4.4 g/l and 2.6 g/l
      respectively. There was no difference in the prevalence of iron deficiency
      between the two groups.

PMID- 4045887
TI  - Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis without proteinuria.
AB  - Two cases of histologically proven acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
      presenting as congestive cardiac failure with normal blood pressure are reported.
      Proteinuria was not a finding. These features are discussed.

PMID- 4045888
TI  - Disorientation in army helicopter operations: a review.

PMID- 4045889
TI  - Hodgkin's disease complicating Crohn's disease in a child.

PMID- 4045890
TI  - Myoglobinuria due to heroin abuse.

PMID- 4045891
TI  - Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia.

PMID- 4045892
TI  - Chorea with transitional myeloproliferative disease.

PMID- 4045893
TI  - Osteoporosis and mastocytosis with late appearance of urticaria pigmentosa.

PMID- 4045894
TI  - Pesticide residues in food.

PMID- 4045896
TI  - Mean red cell volume as a marker of alcohol intake.

PMID- 4045895
TI  - Decline in dental caries.

PMID- 4045897
TI  - Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.

PMID- 4045898
TI  - Scientific status of psychodynamic theory.

PMID- 4045899
TI  - Pain and periostitis.

PMID- 4045900
TI  - Long-term sequelae of whooping cough.

PMID- 4045901
TI  - Anaesthesia for minor procedures in children with malignant disease.
AB  - Minor invasive procedures in children with leukaemia can be very distressing for
      patients, parents and staff. In Nottingham a combined clinic has been established
      with an anaesthetist as an integral member of the team. General anaesthesia,
      usually by inhalation, is frequently employed. From May 1980 to September 1984,
      515 anaesthetics were given to 97 patients. Records are kept to allow analysis of
      the clinic's function. With close personal contact, induction of anaesthesia
      becomes increasingly a matter of cooperation between patient and anaesthetist,
      removing much of the fear of these procedures. The development of this service is
      described and the reasons for its success are discussed.

PMID- 4045902
TI  - Periostitis in secondary syphilis: a place for bone scintigraphy.
AB  - Two cases of secondary syphilis are reported with periostitis as the main
      presenting feature. Technetium-99m bone scintigraphy was found to be superior to
      radiography in both defining the extent of involvement and in picking up early
      lesions.

PMID- 4045904
TI  - Experimental method and psychodynamic theory: discussion paper.

PMID- 4045903
TI  - Type 1 free perforation of the gallbladder.
AB  - A series of 4 cases of free perforation of the gallbladder into the peritoneal
      cavity associated with peritonitis are reported. Two were diagnosed at laparotomy
      and 2 at post-mortem. The 3 patients who died were men who were either elderly or
      had serous concomitant diseases, including diabetes, atherosclerosis or
      alcoholism. The sole survivor was a fit young woman.

PMID- 4045905
TI  - Acute dermatomyositis associated with squamous carcinoma of the oesophagus.

PMID- 4045906
TI  - Hypernatraemic dehydration following a road traffic accident.

PMID- 4045907
TI  - Malignant melanoma: prolonged survival after cerebral metastasis.

PMID- 4045908
TI  - Counselling in general practice.

PMID- 4045909
TI  - Pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like skin changes induced by penicillamine.

PMID- 4045910
TI  - Erythema multiforme associated with menstruation.

PMID- 4045911
TI  - Diffusion barriers in venous ulceration.

PMID- 4045912
TI  - Mechanisms in endocrine therapy of bone metastases.

PMID- 4045913
TI  - Comparison of different endocrine therapies in management of bone metastases from
      breast carcinoma.

PMID- 4045914
TI  - Site-dependent response to chemotherapy for carcinoma of the breast.

PMID- 4045915
TI  - Patterns and mechanisms of bone metastases.

PMID- 4045916
TI  - Resolution of aristeromycin enantiomers.

PMID- 4045918
TI  - Design, synthesis, and pharmacological activities of 2-substituted 4
      phenylquinolines as potential antidepressant drugs.
AB  - This work represents the design, synthesis, and pharmacological testing of 4
      phenylquinoline derivatives as potential antidepressants. Various modifications
      of substituents at the 2-position of the quinoline ring were tried, and two main
      series of derivatives were synthesized. In the first series, an open
      (dialkylamino)alkyl chain is linked to the 2-position of the quinoline ring by
      isosteres. The second approach involved the synthesis of a novel analogue of
      trazodone with a 4-phenylquinoline grouping replacing the chlorophenyl group of
      trazodone. The potential antidepressant activity of these new compounds has been
      demonstrated by their antagonism to the reserpine-induced hypothermia in mice.
      Both length of the side chain and isosteric displacements within the side chain
      affect the value of the ED50 obtained. Compounds having three atoms separating
      the terminal nitrogen from the quinoline ring were found to be more active than
      those with four atoms. The 2-thia derivatives were devoid of antidepressant
      activity. Replacement of the open side chain at the 2-position of the quinoline
      ring by piperazine or substituted piperazines resulted in new compounds that are
      slightly more potent than imipramine.

PMID- 4045917
TI  - Cyclic guanidines. 17. Novel (N-substituted amino)imidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin-2
      ones: water-soluble platelet aggregation inhibitors.
AB  - A series of novel 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin-2-one derivatives
      substituted with a secondary amino group has been prepared and tested for the
      activities of inhibiting platelet aggregation in rats in vitro and ex vivo. Most
      of the compounds were found to be the potent inhibitors of platelet aggregation.
      Some of the active compounds were soluble in water and effective via iv infusion
      in rats. Structure-activity relationships have indicated that a lipophilic
      secondary amino group located at position 6 or 7 contributed to retention of
      potent activity. Among the compounds studied, 7-piperidino-1,2,3,5
      tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin-2- one (13 g,DN-9693) was the most favorable
      compound.

PMID- 4045919
TI  - Synthesis and hypoglycemic activity of N-alkylated hydrazonopropionic acids.
AB  - A series of N-alkylated 2-hydrazonopropionic acids have been synthesized and
      evaluated for their hypoglycemic activity. Most of the compounds exhibit a
      remarkable blood glucose lowering activity in fasted guinea pigs. Some of the
      structural variables studied were the effects of branching, unsaturation, or
      substitution on the alkyl side chain and the effect of nuclear substitution on
      the aralkyl analogues. From these compounds, 2-[[(E)-2-methyl-3-phenyl-2
      propenyl]hydrazono]propionic acid (BM 42.304; 42) was selected for further
      investigation.

PMID- 4045920
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of substituted [[3(S)-(acylamino)-2-oxo-1
      azetidinyl]oxy]acetic acids. A new class of heteroatom-activated beta-lactam
      antibiotics.
AB  - The synthesis of substituted [[3(S)-(acylamino)-2-oxo-1-azetidinyl]oxy]acetic
      acids (1) is described. 3-[(Carbobenzyloxy)amino]-N-hydroxy-2-azetidinones
      (13a,b), prepared from serine and threonine, were alkylated with 2
      (trimethylsilyl)ethyl bromoacetate in the presence of potassium carbonate in
      THF/H2O. Alkylation with secondary alpha-bromo esters was accomplished with
      potassium hydroxide in dimethyl sulfoxide. The Cbz group was replaced with the 2
      (2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2(Z)-(methoxyimino)acetamido side chain by catalytic
      hydrogenation followed by treatment with 21. Removal of the 2
      (trimethylsilyl)ethyl ester with fluoride ion provided derivatives suitable for
      antimicrobial evaluation. In vitro tests showed that the title compounds possess
      significant activity predominantly against Gram-negative bacteria.

PMID- 4045921
TI  - Substituent effects on the bioactivation of 2-(N-hydroxyacetamido)fluorenes by N
      arylhydroxamic acid N,O-acyltransferase.
AB  - A series of 7-substituted analogues of 2-(N-hydroxyacetamido)fluorene (1) was
      subjected to bioactivation by a partially purified preparation of hamster hepatic
      AHAT, and the rates of methylthio adduct formation resulting from the reaction of
      the activated intermediates with N-acetylmethionine were determined.
      Electronegative substituents enhanced the amount of adduct formed; this finding
      contrasted with the results of a previous study in which it was found that
      electron-donating substituents facilitated the mechanism-based inactivation of
      AHAT by analogues of 1. The structures of the adducts formed from reaction of the
      activated forms of several of the 7-substituted compounds with N-acetylmethionine
      and with 2'-deoxyguanosine were determined; the types of adducts formed were
      similar to those formed with electrophiles generated by the AHAT-catalyzed
      activation of 1. Electronegative substituents enhanced the amount of adducts
      formed in the reaction with 2'-deoxyguanosine as well as with N-acetylmethionine.

PMID- 4045922
TI  - Quinazoline antifolates inhibiting thymidylate synthase: variation of the N10
      substituent.
AB  - The synthesis of 12 new 5,8-dideazafolates with isopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, 2
      fluoroethyl, carbamoylmethyl, phenacyl, 3-fluorobenzyl, 5-uracilylmethyl,
      carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, 3-cyanopropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, and cyanomethyl
      substituents at N10 is described. In general, the synthetic route involved
      monoalkylation of diethyl N-(4-amino-benzoyl)-L-glutamate, coupling of the
      resulting secondary amine with 2-amino-6-(bromomethyl)-4-hydroxyquinazoline
      hydrobromide in N,N-dimethylacetamide with calcium carbonate as the base, and
      deprotection using mild alkali. The cyanomethyl derivatives was found to be
      unexpectedly base labile and was therefore prepared by mild acid deprotection of
      a di-tert-butyl ester. The compounds were tested as inhibitors of purified L1210
      thymidylate synthase (TS). Four members of the series were more potent that the
      N10-hydrogen compound, but none was superior to the previously described N10
      propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid. Selected compounds were examined as inhibitors
      of purified L1210 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). As desired, N10 substitution in
      general reduced DHFR inhibitory activity; these results are discussed. As a
      measure of cytotoxicity, the compounds were examined for their inhibition of the
      growth of L1210 cells in culture. None of the new substituents conferred enhanced
      potency relative to N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid (ID50 = 5 microM), which,
      as the best TS inhibitor and a relatively poor DHFR inhibitor, continues to lead
      this series.

PMID- 4045924
TI  - Hydroxy derivatives of tamoxifen.
AB  - In the exploration of the structural features that affect the RBA (binding
      affinity for the estrogen receptor of rat uterus relative to that of estradiol)
      in the tamoxifen [trans-(Z)-1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl ]-1,2-diphenyl-1
      butene] series, several derivatives variously substituted in the 1-phenyl group
      have been synthesized. [In the tamoxifen series, the descriptors E and Z, which
      define the configuration of the geometrical isomers and depend on the location
      and nature of substituents in the aromatic moieties and the ethyl group, may
      vary, although the relative configuration (cis or trans) does not. In order to
      avoid confusion the terms cis and trans will be used in this paper to refer to
      the relative positions of the 4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl and ethyl (or
      hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, or bromo) substituents attached to the ethene
      moiety.] The final stage of each synthesis involved acid-catalyzed dehydration of
      a tertiary alcohol, and, in contrast to the known 3- and 4-hydroxy derivatives
      which were obtained as near-equimolar cis,trans mixtures, only the trans forms of
      the 2-hydroxy, 2-methyl, 2,4-dihydroxy, and 4-hydroxy-2-methyl derivatives were
      obtained. Also, in contrast to the trans forms of the 3- and 4-hydroxy
      derivatives, which are readily equilibrated to cis,trans mixtures, the trans 2
      hydroxy derivative could not be isomerized. Tamoxifen and 2-methyltamoxifen had
      similar RBA's (approximately 1% of that of E2), but that of 2-hydroxytamoxifen
      was much lower (0.1%). Introduction of a second hydroxyl group (2,4-dihydroxy
      derivative) enhanced the RBA, and for the 4-hydroxy-2-methyl derivative, the RBA
      and growth inhibitory activity against the MCF-7 mammary tumor cell line in vitro
      were high and comparable to those of 4-hydroxytamoxifen, a metabolite of the
      parent drug. Tamoxifen derivatives hydroxylated at positions 3 or 4 of the 1
      butene moiety and the 5-hydroxy-1-pentene analogue were also synthesized, but
      they had very low RBA values.

PMID- 4045923
TI  - Synthesis and some pharmacological properties of 18 potent O-alkyltyrosine
      substituted antagonists of the vasopressor responses to arginine-vasopressin.
AB  - Using the Merrifield solid-phase method, we have synthesized 18 new 2-O
      alkyltyrosine-substituted analogues (where alkyl = methyl and ethyl) of the
      arginine-vasopressin (AVP) vasopressor antagonists [1-deaminopenicillamine]
      arginine-vasopressin (dPAVP), [1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-diethylpropionic
      acid)]arginine-vasopressin (dEt2AVP), and [1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta
      cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid)]arginine-vasopressin (d(CH2)5AVP) and of their
      8-D-arginine (d(R2)DAVP) analogues, their 4-valine (dR2VAVP) analogues, and their
      4-valine,8-D-arginine (d(R2)VDAVP) analogues [where R = CH3 or C2H5 and 2R =
      (CH2)5]. These analogues were tested for agonistic and antagonistic activities in
      in vivo rat vasopressor and rat antidiuretic and in vitro rat uterus assay
      systems. Although many exhibit very low antidiuretic activities, none of the new
      analogues antagonize antidiuretic responses to AVP. They exhibit no evident
      pressor activities and are in fact all highly effective antagonists of the
      vasopressor responses to AVP. They are also potent antagonists of the in vitro
      oxytocic responses to oxytocin, both in the absence and in the presence of Mg2+.
      These analogues together with their corresponding antivasopressor pA2 values are
      as follows: 1. dPTyr(Et)AVP, 8.40 +/- 0.08; 2. dEt2Tyr(Me)AVP, 8.53 +/- 0.06; 3.
      dEt2Tyr(Et)AVP, 8.46 +/- 0.08; 4. d(CH2)5Tyr(Et)AVP, 8.47 +/- 0.04; 5.
      dPTyr(Me)DAVP, 8.31 +/- 0.08; 6. dPTyr(Et)DAVP, 8.27 +/- 0.06; 7.
      dEt2Tyr(Me)DAVP, 8.57 +/- 0.03; 8. dEt2Tyr(Et)DAVP, 8.33 +/- 0.06; 9.
      d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)DAVP, 8.41 +/- 0.05; 10. d(CH2)5Tyr(Et)DAVP, 8.45 +/- 0.05; 11.
      dPTyr(Me)VAVP, 8.36 +/- 0.07; 12. dPTyr(Et)VAVP, 8.07 +/- 0.13; 13.
      dEt2Tyr(Me)VAVP, 8.29 +/- 0.08; 14. dEt2Tyr(Et)VAVP, 8.42 +/- 0.06; 15.
      dPTyr(Me)VDAVP, 7.84 +/- 0.06; 16. dPTyr(Et)VDAVP, 8.46 +/- 0.03; 17.
      dET2Tyr(Me)VDAVP, 8.35 +/- 0.10; 18. dEt2Tyr (Et)VDAVP, 8.19 +/- 0.07. Seven of
      these analogues are clearly more potent vasopressor antagonists than their
      respective unalkylated tyrosine-containing parents. In the remaining 11,
      antagonistic potency was not changed significantly. In no instance did 2-O
      alkyltyrosine substitution decrease antagonistic potency. With pA2 values equal
      to or greater than 8.40, nine of these antagonists (numbers 1-4, 7, 9, 10, 14,
      and 16) are among the most potent vasopressor antagonists reported to date. They
      could thus serve as additional valuable pharmacological tools in studies on the
      roles of AVP in the control of blood pressure in normal and in pathophysiological
      conditions. These findings may also provide useful clues to the design of more
      potent and selective antagonists of AVP.

PMID- 4045925
TI  - Structural studies on some tamoxifen derivatives.
AB  - The crystal structures of four derivatives of the antiestrogenic drug tamoxifen
      are described. These are of 2-hydroxy-, 3-hydroxy-, and 2-methyl-4
      hydroxytamoxifen and of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-1-[(tetrahydropyran-2
      yloxy)phenyl]-1 -butanol, the synthetic precursor to 2-hydroxytamoxifen. All
      compounds have trans stereochemistry about the ethylene double bond, as in
      tamoxifen itself. The orientations of the hydroxy substituents have been found to
      differ by 180 degrees, depending on the nature of the compound. Empirical energy
      calculations have been used to show that the barrier to free rotation for the
      hydroxy-substituted phenyl rings is too high for interconversion to take place.
      These orientational differences are, it is suggested, related to the marked
      differences in estrogen receptor binding ability.

PMID- 4045926
TI  - Peptide sweeteners. 8. Synthesis and structure-taste relationship studies of L
      aspartyl-D-alanyl tripeptides.
AB  - Several L-aspartyl-D-alanyl tripeptides have been synthesized to investigate the
      structural requirements of the C-terminal amino acid needed to elicit a taste
      response. Following our suggestion that a rigid, hydrophobic residue is required,
      both alpha, alpha-dialkane and cycloalkane alpha-amino acid methyl esters were
      incorporated into the tripeptide. The L-aspartyl-D-alanine-based tripeptide
      derivatives of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid methyl ester, alpha, alpha
      diethylglycine methyl ester, and alpha-aminocycloalkanecarboxylic acid methyl
      esters from three- to six-membered rings are sweet. The higher analogues of the
      cycloalkane series containing alpha-aminocycloheptanecarboxylic acid methyl ester
      and alpha-aminocyclooctanecarboxylic acid methyl ester are bitter. It is
      important to note that this series of tripeptides (analogous to the previously
      reported dipeptides) goes from sweet to bitter to tasteless as the ring size of
      the C-terminal amino acid increases. The relationships between effective volume
      of the C-terminal residue, size requirements of the sweet receptor, and taste are
      discussed.

PMID- 4045927
TI  - Synthesis of the C-terminal octapeptide of pig oxyntomodulin. Lys-Arg-Asn-Lys-Asn
      Asn-Ile-Ala: a potent inhibitor of pentagastrin-induced acid secretion.
AB  - The synthesis of Lys-Arg-Asn-Lys-Asn-Asn-Ile-Ala representing the C-terminal
      octapeptide of oxyntomodulin isolated from pig intestine is described. Its
      structure was confirmed by its 360-MHz 1H NMR spectra. The octapeptide was tested
      for its ability to inhibit pentagastrin-induced acid secretion, in the
      anaesthetized rat, in the conscious rat with chronic gastric fistula, and in the
      conscious cat with gastric chronic fistula. The octapeptide inhibits pentagastrin
      induced acid secretion in all three models. Compared to oxyntomodulin, the parent
      hormone, the synthetic peptide was approximately 150 times less potent but has
      the same efficacy. Biological data are presented and discussed.

PMID- 4045929
TI  - Resolution and absolute configuration of the potent dopamine agonist N,N-diethyl
      N'-[(3 alpha, 4a alpha, 10a beta)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,10,10a- -octahydro-6-hydroxy-1
      propyl-3-benzo[g]quinolinyl]sulfamide.
AB  - The synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of the optical antipodes
      of the title compound (+/-)-1 (CV 205-502) is presented. The dopaminomimetic
      activity is shown to reside entirely in the (-) enantiomer. Crystallographic
      analysis has proven that the absolute configuration of the active (-) enantiomer
      corresponds to that of its ergoline analogue 3 (CQ 32-084) and of apomorphine
      (5).

PMID- 4045928
TI  - 4-[2-(Di-n-propylamino)ethyl]-2(3H)-indolone: a prejunctional dopamine receptor
      agonist.
AB  - 4-[2-(Di-n-propylamino)ethyl]-2(3H)-indolone (1c) (SK&F 101468) is a potent and
      selective prejunctional dopamine receptor agonist. It caused a dose-related
      inhibition of the constrictor response to electrical stimulation in the isolated
      perfused rabbit ear artery (EC50 = 100 nM), and this response was antagonized by
      (S)-sulpiride (KB = 7 nM). Compound 1c did not stimulate or block dopamine
      sensitive adenylate cyclase and did not produce stimulation of the central
      nervous system in rats. It was prepared from (2-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)acetic acid
      in a multistep sequence based on the Reissert indole synthesis.

PMID- 4045930
TI  - Antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes: structure
      activity studies on juncusol.
AB  - The antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of a series of 9,10
      dihydrophenanthrenes structurally related to juncusol (1a), a postulated
      phytoalexin with confirmed cytotoxic properties, are detailed. Two simple 9,10
      dihydrophenanthrenes, 2,7-dihydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (2h,
      desvinyljuncusol) and 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (3h), were
      found to possess in vitro antimicrobial activity comparable with that of the
      natural product. Two 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes substituted with quaternary
      ammonium salts, 2d and 3d, each containing a reactive benzylic
      dimethyl[(phenylthio)methyl]ammonio group, were found to be 10-20 times more
      potent than juncusol (1a). Confirmed in vitro cytotoxic activity that parallels
      antimicrobial activity was found for juncusol (1a), desvinyljuncusol (2h), 2
      hydroxy-3-methyl-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (3h), and the quaternary
      dimethyl[(phenylthio)methyl]ammonium salts 2d and 3d in a human lymphoblastic
      leukemia cell culture (CCRF-CEM, IC50 = nt, 9.3, nt, 0.9 and 1.4 microgram/mL,
      respectively), B-16 mouse melanoma cell culture (IC50 = 12.5, 17.5, 27.7, 0.3,
      and 0.5 microgram/mL, respectively), and L-1210 mouse lymphocytic leukemia cell
      culture (IC50 = 13.8, 10.2, 24.5, 1.3, and 3.7 micrograms/mL, respectively). The
      comparable potency and spectrum of activity of juncusol (1a), desvinyljuncusol
      (2h), and 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (3h) suggest that the
      agents are acting as simple phenols in exerting their antimicrobial and cytotoxic
      effects.

PMID- 4045931
TI  - The screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae), in Central
      America and proposed plans for its eradication south to the Darien Gap in Panama.

PMID- 4045932
TI  - Anopheles culicifacies (Diptera: Culicidae): DDT resistance in Sri Lanka prior to
      and after cessation of DDT spraying.

PMID- 4045934
TI  - Location of the gene for malathion resistance in Anopheles stephensi (Diptera:
      Culicidae) from Pakistan.

PMID- 4045933
TI  - Ethyl-methanesulfonate-induced changes in filarial susceptibility in Aedes
      aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

PMID- 4045935
TI  - Effects of photoperiod on the induction of embryonic diapause in Aedes
      taeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae).

PMID- 4045936
TI  - Effect of Dirofilaria immitis on blood meal size and fecundity in Aedes aegypti
      (Diptera: Culicidae).

PMID- 4045937
TI  - Ixodes (Ixodes) pararicinus, n. sp. (Acari: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), a South
      American cattle tick long confused with Ixodes ricinus.

PMID- 4045938
TI  - Seasonal activity of immature Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae).

PMID- 4045940
TI  - Cytogenetics of ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea). 18. Chromosomes and laboratory biology
      of Amblyomma dissimile.

PMID- 4045939
TI  - Vector competence of Aedes hendersoni (Diptera: Culicidae) for La Crosse virus
      and evidence of a salivary-gland escape barrier.

PMID- 4045941
TI  - Pseudoscorpions of the genus Cheiridium (Pseudoscorpionida: Cheiridiidae)
      phoretic on mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kern County, California, USA.

PMID- 4045942
TI  - Susceptibility of larval and adult Simulium vittatum (Diptera: Simuliidae) to the
      solubilized parasporal crystal of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis.

PMID- 4045943
TI  - Aedes (Gymnometopa) mediovittatus (Diptera: Culicidae), a potential maintenance
      vector of dengue viruses in Puerto Rico.

PMID- 4045944
TI  - Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae): population dynamics and distribution on
      Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus).

PMID- 4045945
TI  - Comparative toxicity of ten insecticides against the cat flea, Ctenocephalides
      felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae).

PMID- 4045946
TI  - Ovarian diapause in three geographic strains of Culex pipiens (Diptera:
      Culicidae).

PMID- 4045947
TI  - Distribution of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in northern Israel: a historical
      perspective. I. Anopheline mosquitoes.

PMID- 4045949
TI  - A convenient method for controlling populations of the American dog tick,
      Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae), in the natural environment.

PMID- 4045948
TI  - Aspects of the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses of sheep to the ked
      Melophagus ovinus (Diptera: Hippoboscidae).

PMID- 4045950
TI  - A population study of adult onset limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Complete ascertainment of adult onset limb-girdle muscular dystrophy in the
      Lothian Region of Scotland was attempted. Ten index cases were identified giving
      a prevalence of 1.3 per 100 000 (0.9 per 100 000 for cases where the diagnosis of
      muscular dystrophy was supported by both electromyographic and muscle biopsy
      findings). In these 10 sibships there had been 11 affected subjects,
      significantly less than the 16.5 cases expected for autosomal recessive
      inheritance. Excluding cases suspected of being Becker muscular dystrophy, the
      prevalence was 0.7 per 100 000 (0.3 per 100 000 for proven cases of muscular
      dystrophy) and there remained a significant difference between the number of
      cases observed (5) and the number expected (9.1) for autosomal recessive
      inheritance. The prevalence of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy with onset in adult
      life has apparently declined over the past 30 years, as would be expected with
      the recognition of other conditions which cause the same pattern of weakness,
      making this a relatively rare disorder which should only be considered when other
      diagnoses have been excluded. The possibility that some cases diagnosed as limb
      girdle muscular dystrophy may have had Becker muscular dystrophy emphasises the
      urgent need for a greater understanding of the biochemical basis of these
      conditions so that such diagnostic and genetic counselling dilemmas can be
      resolved.

PMID- 4045951
TI  - A community study of severe mental retardation in the West Midlands and the
      importance of the fragile X chromosome in its aetiology.
AB  - This paper describes a community based study of 156 boys with idiopathic, severe
      mental retardation. The boys were examined and a pedigree taken before the
      cytogenetic results were known. The prevalence of the fragile X chromosome among
      this group of boys was high: 9% in the whole group and 11% after 39 boys with
      specific features had been excluded. The fragile X syndrome is therefore an
      important cause of idiopathic, severe retardation. Its clinical features of large
      head, large testes, and IQ in the 35 to 70 range were often but not always
      present in the 14 boys identified in this study. In the whole group, the
      recurrence of severe mental subnormality was high: 1 in 8 for brothers and 1 in
      25 for sisters. This high recurrence was partly due to the fragile X syndrome,
      partly to X linked mental retardation not accompanied by cytogenetic
      abnormalities, and partly due to autosomal recessive disease. Autosomal recessive
      disease was perhaps higher in the West Midlands than elsewhere (such as British
      Columbia, for example 1) because of the disproportionate contribution by Asian
      immigrants.

PMID- 4045953
TI  - The inheritance of primary lymphoedema.
AB  - A family study is reported on 312 index patients who had primary lymphoedema with
      onset before 36 years. All had been investigated at St Thomas's Hospital, London,
      between 1965 and 1980. Most of the information was obtained by questionnaire, but
      70 patients were also interviewed to check the reliability of the answers to the
      questionnaire. The frequency at birth of those who will develop primary
      lymphoedema is estimated to be about 1 in 6000, with a sex ratio of about one
      male to three females. Approximately 10% of children of index patients and 10% of
      sibs were affected when these relatives were at least five years older than the
      age of onset in the index patient. The proportion of female relatives affected
      was between two and four times that of males affected. The proportion of parents
      affected was about 10%. The proportion of grandparents, aunts, and uncles was
      about 2.5%. Where the index patient had an affected parent, the proportion
      affected of sibs and children was about 20%. The risk to relatives of male index
      patients was about 50% higher than for female index patients.

PMID- 4045952
TI  - Hereditary sideroblastic anaemia and ataxia: an X linked recessive disorder.
AB  - We report two families in which a non-progressive spinocerebellar syndrome and a
      sideroblastic anaemia are segregating together in an X linked recessive fashion.
      Four males in two generations of one family and a fifth male from an unrelated
      family had both conditions. Both the sideroblastic anaemia and the
      spinocerebellar syndrome differ from those which have previously been reported to
      be inherited in an X linked recessive manner. The association of these two
      clinically distinct disorders in two unrelated families suggests that they are
      either two closely linked loci which have undergone simultaneous mutation or
      pleiotropic effects of an altered allele at a single locus. All the heterozygous
      women had normal neurological examinations and normal haematocrits and red cell
      indices. Some had ring sideroblasts on bone marrow examination, a dimorphic
      peripheral blood smear, and raised serum free erythrocyte protoporphyrin,
      suggesting that a proportion of heterozygotes can be detected by appropriate
      haematological studies.

PMID- 4045954
TI  - A familial pericentric inversion of chromosome 22 with a recombinant subject
      illustrating a 'pure' partial monosomy syndrome.
AB  - A family in which a pericentric inversion of chromosome 22, inv(22)(p11q12), is
      segregating is described. Special reference is made to a unique recombinant
      subject with a 'pure' partial monosomy 22 syndrome of maternal origin. An attempt
      has been made to correlate the phenotypic abnormalities with monosomy for the
      segment 22q12----qter.

PMID- 4045955
TI  - Survey on haemoglobin variants, beta thalassaemia, glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase deficiency, and haptoglobin types in Turks from western Thrace.
AB  - A total of 102 apparently healthy and randomly selected Turks who either
      immigrated from Western Thrace or were still living there were studied for
      haemoglobin variants, high Hb A2 beta thalassaemia, G6PD deficiency, and
      haptoglobin types. The incidence of haemoglobins S and O Arab were 2.9 and 3.9%
      respectively. The incidence of high A2 beta thalassaemia was 10.8% and that of
      G6PD deficiency 5%. The gene frequencies of Hp1 and Hp2 were 0.326 and 0.674,
      respectively.

PMID- 4045956
TI  - Admission of Hb S heterozygotes to a general hospital is relatively reduced in
      malarial areas.
AB  - A comparison between the frequency of Hb S heterozygotes in blood donors,
      outpatients, and inpatients of a general hospital carried out at the Maputo
      Central Hospital, Mozambique, where Plasmodium falciparum malaria is endemic,
      showed a statistically significant lower percentage of Hb S heterozygotes in the
      inpatient group. Evidence is thus provided that the protection given by Hb S to
      heterozygotes concerns not only malarial infection itself, but probably a wide
      spectrum of diseases to which persons who have a special resistance to P
      falciparum infection are less prone.

PMID- 4045957
TI  - Evaluation of haematological findings in 50 Bahraini patients with sickle cell
      disease and in some of their parents.
AB  - The haematological findings in 50 Bahrainis with sickle cell disease are
      reported. This establishes the existence of the Hb S gene in Bahrain. The mean Hb
      F level in the Bahraini patients was 13.8%, a value lower than that encountered
      in sickle cell homozygotes from Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 4045958
TI  - Cornelia de Lange syndrome in several members of the same family.
AB  - A family is reported in which several members have the Cornelia de Lange syndrome
      and other members show facial dysmorphism and other features reminiscent of this
      syndrome. The segregation pattern is consistent with the view that the dysmorphic
      features (variable) are the manifestation of a single gene in heterozygous form.
      Chromosome abnormality was not found.

PMID- 4045959
TI  - High incidence of Meckel's syndrome in Gujarati Indians.
AB  - Five probable cases of Meckel's syndrome have been ascertained retrospectively
      through the Leicestershire Perinatal Mortality Survey for the years 1976 to 1982.
      All of these babies were born to Hindu parents originating from the Gujarat State
      in India, suggesting that Meckel's syndrome is particularly common among this
      ethnic group, with a gene frequency of approximately 0.028.

PMID- 4045960
TI  - Gene deletion in an Italian haemophilia B subject.
AB  - DNA from 20 Italian haemophilia B patients was analysed by the Southern blotting
      technique and hybridisation to a factor IX cDNA probe. A large deletion of factor
      IX gene was detected in one patient with antibodies to the infused factor; the
      EcoRI pattern of the other 19 subjects examined was normal.

PMID- 4045961
TI  - Two brothers with Martsolf's syndrome.
AB  - Two brothers affected by a syndrome consisting of short stature, hypogonadism,
      and severe mental retardation are reported. The syndrome shares the features of
      that described by Martsolf et al in two brothers born to a consanguineous Polish
      Jewish couple. Although our patients' parents are Sephardic Jews, they deny
      consanguinity. These observations and personal knowledge of another affected
      Jewish boy raise the question of whether Martsolf's syndrome is a new entity that
      should be included in the group of those that affect mainly Jewish people, and
      whether its pattern of inheritance is X linked recessive or autosomal recessive
      limited to males.

PMID- 4045962
TI  - Familial pulmonary valve stenosis, atrial septal defect, and unique
      electrocardiogram abnormalities.
AB  - The familial association of pulmonary stenosis, atrial septal defect, and unique
      electrocardiographic abnormalities involving a mother and two children is
      reported. Familial pulmonary stenosis not occurring as part of a named syndrome
      or without associated multiple congenital abnormalities is rare. The
      constellation of pulmonary stenosis, atrial septal defect, and the particular
      electrocardiogram abnormalities present here is to our knowledge previously
      unreported. The pattern of inheritance is consistent with an autosomal dominant
      mode of transmission.

PMID- 4045963
TI  - Complex translocation in a boy with trichorhinophalangeal syndrome.
AB  - We report a boy with a trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRP syndrome), severe
      mental retardation, and transient megacephaly, whose karyotype showed complex,
      apparently balanced, translocations with breakpoints in bands 3q13, 8p22, 8q13,
      11p12, and 11q21. The fact that cases presenting with phenotypes corresponding to
      the TRP II syndrome and deletions of the long arm of chromosome 8 have been
      recently reported prompted us to report this case to help in the clarification of
      the possible relation between 8q chromosomal mutation and the aetiology of TRP
      syndromes.

PMID- 4045964
TI  - Interstitial deletion of chromosome 7p detected antenatally.
AB  - An interstitial deletion in chromosome 7(p13p15) detected in amniotic fluid cells
      is presented. After termination, the fetus was noted to have an asymmetrical
      skull, low set ears, a flattened nose, bifid thumbs and right big toe, pyloric
      adenomyosis, hypospadias, and simian creases. A brief comparison is made with
      previously reported cases involving deletions of 7p, including those associated
      with craniosynostosis.

PMID- 4045965
TI  - A possible mechanism underlying the sex selectivity of neural tube defect.

PMID- 4045966
TI  - Clinical features of homozygous alpha 2(I) collagen deficient osteogenesis
      imperfecta.

PMID- 4045967
TI  - HLA antigens in South African Afrikaners with heterozygous familial
      hypercholesterolaemia.

PMID- 4045968
TI  - Patients' views of the medical education setting.
AB  - The results of a survey of 1,334 patients at three community health centers
      operated by the University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford are
      presented and discussed. The research was designed to begin to obtain a better
      understanding of the patient's views on the quality of care and medical students
      in the medical education setting. Patients in the study reported being attracted
      to the educational site for the same reasons they would go to a private
      physician, that is, location, advice of a friend, or dissatisfaction with their
      previous doctor. They also reported satisfaction with care in general and with
      the specific components of care at the health centers. However, the patients
      expressed different views of the medical student's role, and there were
      differences in the patients' preferences for a student or a faculty physician
      depending on their medical problem or condition. These views of the student's
      role and the patients' preferences of physicians were found to be related
      significantly to the patient's age, the patient's perception of his primary
      source of medical care, the patient's evaluation of the effect of medical schools
      on health care, and the patient's level of satisfaction with the care received.

PMID- 4045969
TI  - Impact of undergraduate courses on medical student performance in basic sciences.
AB  - Many students planning to apply to medical school take undergraduate courses (for
      example, biochemistry, embryology, histology, and vertebrate anatomy) covering
      concepts that are taught within the medical school curriculum. Do these students
      perform better in similar courses in medical school than students without prior
      exposure? In the study reported here of 310 medical students, approximately 50
      percent had taken biochemistry, 50 percent had taken a course dealing with
      vertebrate anatomy, 25 percent had taken embryology, and 25 percent had taken
      histology as undergraduates. In comparisons of the students with prior exposure
      to these courses and those without prior exposure, no statistical difference was
      noted in cumulative grade-point averages for the first year in medical school or
      in the students' scores in three of the four individual medical courses examined.
      In addition, there was no significant difference in the academic performances in
      the four courses between the students in the upper and the lower quartiles of the
      class. Implications regarding undergraduate preparation of medical school
      applicants are discussed.

PMID- 4045970
TI  - Development and modification of a required family medicine clerkship.
AB  - A new required clinical clerkship in family medicine at Duke University School of
      Medicine is described in terms of planning, implementation, and modification in
      response to students' evaluations. Seventy-five percent of the eight-week course
      involves direct clinical experience both in academic practices and community
      sites, and 25 percent is spent in small group seminars and workshops. Evaluations
      by students have been highest for the clinical experience, the clinical
      competence of the faculty, the teaching effectiveness of the faculty and house
      staff, and the overall learning experience. The ratings have been lowest for
      seminars, workshops, and required written projects. Several modifications made in
      the clerkship over a three-year period have raised the students' ratings to near
      their ratings of the five traditional clerkships. The data demonstrate that
      family medicine can be taught effectively as a core clinical rotation and can
      broaden the general education of medical students.

PMID- 4045971
TI  - Spectrum of diseases for house staff education on a VA general medicine inpatient
      service.
AB  - A significant portion of internal medicine residency training in the United
      States today occurs in general medicine sections of Veterans Administration
      hospitals. The authors studied the demographic, diagnostic, and prognostic
      characteristics of the patients treated by house staff members rotating through
      the general medical wards of the Houston, Texas, Veterans Administration (VA)
      Medical Center. In 2,131 admissions over 13 months, the most frequent primary
      causes of admissions included congestive heart failure, pneumonia, exacerbation
      of chronic obstructive lung disease, and malignancy. In 85 percent of the
      admissions, two or more chronic diseases were present. In 53 percent of
      admissions, the patients were deemed to be moderately or severely ill on
      admission. The data indicate that the residents' experience is representative of
      problems encountered by practicing internists and that VA hospitals make a
      significant contribution to internal medicine training and thus to the provision
      of health care for the nation.

PMID- 4045972
TI  - Development of community-based health services for adolescents at risk for
      sociomedical problems.
AB  - Community-based service and training programs have been advocated as important
      for improving access to medical care for the poor as well as enhancing the
      ambulatory training setting for residents and medical students. In 1981 the
      Robert Wood Johnson Foundation provided funds to 20 teaching hospitals to support
      community-based, comprehensive health services to high-risk young people, that
      is, young people living in communities with high rates of sociomedical problems,
      such as adolescent pregnancy, drug abuse, alcohol abuse, accidents, homicide,
      suicide, and depression. In this article, the authors describe the experiences of
      these institutions in establishing off-campus clinics, concluding that high-risk
      adolescents need additional services and that teaching hospitals and communities
      can collaborate to provide these comprehensive services. They discuss issues of
      maintaining services after foundation grants end and the impact of recent
      financial restraints on continued support from teaching hospitals for off-campus
      activities.

PMID- 4045973
TI  - A rural primary care pediatric residency program.
AB  - Rural primary care is often reported in the medical literature as frustrating,
      lonely, and nonrewarding. Many graduating residents who choose small town
      practice become quickly disenchanted with the life-style and leave for a more
      populous territory or subspecialty training. Opportunities to learn how to take
      advantage of rural settings and establish rewarding community practices are few.
      The Primary Care Pediatric Residency Program at the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical
      Center has developed a training program in rural primary care. Residents
      experience over a three-year period the many facets of rural practice and are
      introduced to community-oriented approaches to child health care. Selected rural
      pediatric practices within a 45-mile radius of the medical center serve as
      teaching laboratories in which residents develop the skills necessary to manage
      children's problems related to school, behavioral disorders, and chronic
      diseases.

PMID- 4045974
TI  - A first-year, student-managed course to correlate basic sciences with clinical
      medicine.
AB  - A course for first-year medical students was designed to illustrate the
      correlation of the biochemistry and physiology content of the curriculum with
      clinical applications. The course included early exposure of the students to
      clinical problems; the use of patients in the classroom; joint teaching by
      clinical and basic science faculties; independent learning, reading, and
      evaluation of the literature; and the use of reading, writing, and communication
      skills. The course was begun in 1981 as a faculty-directed course, but
      responsibility for the course was gradually transferred to the students until the
      entire presentation, from introduction and interview of the patient to the
      correlation of the clinical application with the basic sciences, was carried out
      by the students.

PMID- 4045975
TI  - Cognitive and noncognitive characteristics of medical school applicants.

PMID- 4045977
TI  - The need for an undergraduate program in medical computing.

PMID- 4045976
TI  - Detection of psychiatrically at-risk applicants in the medical school admission
      process.

PMID- 4045979
TI  - Framework for data collection during home visits.

PMID- 4045978
TI  - Ethics and communication in the surgeon-patient relationship.

PMID- 4045980
TI  - Patient attitudes and health care in educational settings.

PMID- 4045981
TI  - Faculty office hours.

PMID- 4045982
TI  - 'Orphan' doctors.

PMID- 4045983
TI  - Pathophysiology course.

PMID- 4045984
TI  - Non-invasive optical methods for the study of cerebral metabolism in the human
      newborn: a technique for the future?
AB  - Two of the major causes of death and disability in the preterm newborn of the
      developed nations are cerebral ischaemia and intraventricular haemorrhage. It is
      estimated that intraventricular haemorrhage develops in 40-50% of infants with a
      birthweight of 1500 g or less but precisely how many individuals are affected by
      haemorrhage, or how many cases of disability are antedated by cerebral ischaemia,
      is not known because of the lack of effective low-cost instruments for the
      continuous, or at least frequent, assessment of cerebral metabolic status in the
      high-risk individual. In the future, however, fibre-optic-based
      spectrophotometric techniques for the measurement of cerebral redox state may
      provide low-cost, portable instruments for the noninvasive assessment of cerebral
      metabolism during the intensive care of the neonate.

PMID- 4045985
TI  - Evaluation of a new re-usable electrode for continuous monitoring of blood PO2
      during open-heart surgery.
AB  - In 46 patients undergoing cardiac surgery blood PO2 was continuously monitored
      with an in-line oxygen electrode during cardiopulmonary bypass and readings were
      compared with intermittent measurements of samples on a blood gas analyser. In 35
      patients in whom arterial PO2 was monitored, there were rapid changes in PO2 and
      the mean difference between the in-line electrode and the blood gas analyser was
      6.63 kPa (p less than 0.001). Venous PO2 was monitored in 11 patients and, in
      contrast to the arterial readings, the venous PO2 was relatively stable. The mean
      difference between the in-line electrode readings and the blood gas analyser was
      0.21 kPa (p less than 0.05). The advantages of continuous monitoring of blood PO2
      are described and the relative merits of mixed venous PO2 and mixed venous oxygen
      saturation measurements are discussed.

PMID- 4045986
TI  - Electronic diagnoser of arterial pulse.
AB  - An electronic diagnoser of the arterial pulse has been designed to give three
      outputs: pulse amplitude, instantaneous pulse rate (IPR) and spectral energy
      ratios (SER) at 5 and 10 Hz. The information thus provided will be useful for
      diagnosing many kinds of disease in the human body.

PMID- 4045987
TI  - Hydrophilic graft copolymers: a new concept in urological surgery.
AB  - Hydrophilic graft copolymers are derived from hydrophobic polymers which have
      been copolymerized and then grafted by radiation initiation so that they become
      hydrophilic. Tubes of such material expand in diameter by 60% when wet and become
      slippery. The first medical applications of these materials are described: they
      have been used as an access conduit for percutaneous renal surgery and endoscopic
      access to the ureter.

PMID- 4045988
TI  - Common standards for quantitative electrocardiography.
AB  - A large international co-operative project, sponsored by the European Commission,
      was launched in 1980 aimed at developing common standards for quantitative
      electrocardiography. The first and main objective of the project was to reduce
      the wide variation in wave measurements currently obtained by
      electrocardiographic computer programs. To this end a reference library was
      developed and a comprehensive reviewing scheme was devised for the visual
      determination of the onsets and offsets of P, QRS and T. This task was performed
      by a board of cardiologists on highly amplified recordings, in an interactive
      four round Delphi-type analysis. The reference library, so obtained, has become
      an internationally recognized yardstick for the evaluation and improvement of ECG
      measurement programs. It has been used to test the performance of 9 VCG and 10
      standard 12-lead programs. The library proved to be a useful instrument in the
      establishment of recommendations for more precise measurement rules and
      definitions. Records with added noise and multi-lead ECGs were subsequently
      analysed to meet specific objectives. The project was expanded in 1984 towards
      testing and improvement of diagnostic criteria and classification programs.

PMID- 4045989
TI  - An electropneumatic instrument for measuring and controlling the pressures in the
      cuffs of tracheal tubes: 'the Cardiff Cuff Controller'.
AB  - An instrument has been developed for measuring and controlling the pressures in
      the cuffs of tracheal tubes. It was devised to protect the trachea from high cuff
      pressure and to prevent aspiration past the cuff.

PMID- 4045990
TI  - Evaluation of pneumatic tourniquet controllers.

PMID- 4045991
TI  - Experimental infection of gnotobiotic mice with Campylobacter jejuni:
      colonisation of intestine and spread to lymphoid and reticulo-endothelial organs.
AB  - Axenic and monoxenic C3H mice were used to develop an animal model for
      enteroinvasiveness and translocation of Campylobacter jejuni. After oral
      administration of 10(7)-10(8) viable cells of C. jejuni on day 0 (D0), bacterial
      colonisation was followed quantitatively during 23 days by counting free luminal
      bacteria and tissue-associated bacteria in the duodenum, ileum and colon. The
      kinetics of bacterial colonisation were the same in axenic and monoxenic mice;
      bacteria were more numerous in distal than in proximal intestinal segments.
      Electronmicroscope studies of axenic infected mice showed C. jejuni free in the
      intestinal lumen on D2 and D7, and adhering to microvilli or included in
      enterocyte vacuoles in the colon on D2 without inflammatory reaction; C. jejuni
      was isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes until D23, but from blood, spleen, liver
      and bile until D1 only. In monoxenic infected mice, C. jejuni was found from D1
      to D4 in mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, whereas the associated
      bacterium (Clostridium perenne) was never cultured from any organs. On the basis
      of our observations in this gnotobiotic model, C. jejuni appears to be an
      enteroinvasive bacterium with a particular affinity for lymphoid organs.

PMID- 4045992
TI  - Protein-mediated adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus to silicone implant polymer.
AB  - Investigation was made of the role of protein A and clumping factor in the
      adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus to the silicone polymer used for manufacture of
      cerebrospinal fluid shunting systems. The two proteins were judged to contribute
      non-specifically to adhesion. S. aureus was also shown to be capable of
      hydrophobic binding, but this was found to be distinct from the demonstrated
      protein-mediated adhesion.

PMID- 4045993
TI  - The expression of capsule in serum-soft agar by Staphylococcus aureus isolated
      from human clinical sources.
AB  - Staphylococcus aureus isolates from human clinical sources were incubated for
      various times in modified 110 medium and tested for production of capsule by the
      serum-soft agar technique. Ten (5.7%) of 175 isolates were encapsulated after
      incubation for 24 h. A more detailed examination of 77 isolates showed that
      incubation period affected the production of capsule. After 2 h, 31% were
      encapsulated, but after 6 h and 24 h this decreased to 17% and 4% respectively.
      Rapid passage in vitro induced the expression of capsule in four of 50
      unencapsulated strains. Only three of 20 encapsulated strains could be typed with
      standard antisera.

PMID- 4045994
TI  - Demonstration and characterization of immunosuppressive factors in sera from
      patients with Crohn's disease.
AB  - The effect of sera from 17 patients with Crohn's disease, 8 with ulcerative
      colitis or 5 with intestinal tuberculosis on the proliferative response of mouse
      spleen cells induced by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was studied. Sera from patients
      with Crohn's disease markedly suppressed the blastogenesis of mouse spleen cells
      (S.I. = 6.8 +/- 2.0, % suppression = 83%), as compared with normal sera (S.I. =
      41.0 +/- 5.2, p less than 0.001, % suppression = 0). Conversely, ulcerative
      colitis sera did not suppress the blastogenesis of mouse spleen cells (S.I. =
      43.5 +/- 8.7, % suppression = -6%), nor the sera of intestinal tuberculosis (S.I.
      = 38.9 +/- 4.0, % suppression = 6%). Thus, we confirmed the possible existence of
      immunosuppressive factors in Crohn's disease. Moreover, immunosuppressive factors
      in Crohn's disease were characterized for biochemical properties. The approximate
      molecular weight is 45,000 estimated by diafiltration and gel filtration on a
      Sephadex G-75 column. Analytical isoelectric focusing showed an increased amount
      of acidic protein in fractionated sera (m.w. ranging 30,000-50,000) from patients
      with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, in comparison with that in normal
      sera. Furthermore, the main peak of this acidic protein in Crohn's disease was an
      isoelectric point (pI) of 2.8, while the pI of that from ulcerative colitis was
      3.0. These results suggest that qualitative differences of such acidic protein
      may serve to discriminate between the sera of Crohn's disease and ulcerative
      colitis.

PMID- 4045995
TI  - Polymorphonuclear dysfunction in bronchopulmonary diseases in human adults.
AB  - Polymorphonuclear (PMN) functions were assessed in 55 patients with asthma or
      bronchial bacterial infection to evaluate the systemic phagocyte capability of
      patients with bronchopulmonary diseases. Random migration, nitroblue tetrazolium
      dye reduction, and Candida killing activity were markedly decreased in the 2
      types of patients studied. PMN dysfunction was more pronounced in the most
      affected and heavily treated patients. Considering both the rare occurrence of
      congenital polymorphonuclear defects and the age of the patients studied we
      concluded that the PMN abnormalities observed were secondary to the onset of
      respiratory disease. This impairment of circulating phagocytes may contribute to
      the rise of a systemic susceptibility to infection able to aggravate the
      underlying bronchopulmonary disease.

PMID- 4045996
TI  - Natural killing (NK) potential of cord blood lymphocytes.
AB  - Different parameters of natural killing were evaluated in newborn cord
      lymphocytes using a 51Cr-release assay, a single cell cytotoxicity technique and
      an immuno-fluorescence method with HNK-1 monoclonal antibody. Cord blood
      lymphocytes expressed a positive natural killer (NK) activity although the level
      of this overall NK activity was lower than that of adult control (p less than
      0.05). In neonates the number of cells bearing surface HNK-1 differentiation was
      very low (0.7 +/- 0.3). Contrary to this finding, newborns showed only a marginal
      decrease in the percentage of cells capable of recognizing and binding NK
      sensitive target cells. However, the killing potential of these lymphocytes was
      impaired more profoundly (p less than 0.05) compared to adult controls. We
      conclude that in the neonate two distinct populations of effector cells
      participate in spontaneous killing. The first group is represented by classically
      defined NK cells (HNK-1 positive) while the second group represents. NK-like
      effector cells which lack the HNK-1 antigen. It seems that in newborns the latter
      type of cells represents the larger factor in spontaneous killing.

PMID- 4045998
TI  - Validation of the PEG-IgG screening test for soluble immune complexes by
      longitudinal studies in experimental acute serum sickness.
AB  - A wide variety of tests for the detection of circulating immune complexes (IC)
      has been proposed by different authors, but there is very little to no
      information concerning the performance of IC screening assays in samples known to
      contain in vivo-formed IC. The purpose of our investigation was to compare the
      behavior of a non-specific assay, the PEG-IgG screening test for IC, with an
      antigen-specific assay in serum samples sequentially obtained from rabbits to
      which we induced acute serum sickness. Five animals were used in the study; we
      were able to detect an increase of IC constituted by the heterologous antigen
      (human serum albumin) and corresponding antibodies in all, and in 4 animals the
      results of the PEG-IgG assay closely correlated with the results of the antigen
      specific assay (rho values between 0.975 and 1.00). The 4 animals in which IC
      showed a definite peak by both assays developed proteinuria and IC deposits at
      the glomerular level, while the animal that failed to develop IC detectable by
      the PEG-IgG test remained normal throughout the study. These results demonstrate
      the ability of the PEG-IgG test to detect in vivo-formed IC and suggest that the
      IC detected by this test have pathogenic potential.

PMID- 4045997
TI  - NBT-reduction for detection of specific, opsonizing antibodies against
      haemophilus parainfluenzae.
AB  - Specific, opsonizing antibodies against Haemophilus parainfluenzae were
      demonstrated in serum by measuring their enhancing effect on the nitroblue
      tetrazolium (NBT)-reduction of normal human granulocytes, phagocytizing the
      homologous bacteria. Patients with septicemia and/or endocarditis and carriers of
      H. parainfluenzae were studied. In late phase sera of the first group such
      antibodies were detected in 6 of 9 cases. Opsonizing antibodies against H.
      parainfluenzae were not detected in any of the carrier sera. A dose-response
      effect was observed when a positive late phase serum was tested in serial 2-fold
      dilutions. The enhancement of the NBT-reduction was eliminated by absorption of
      serum with homologous antigen. The detection of opsonizing antibodies, essential
      for the immune defense against H. parainfluenzae might be helpful for evaluation
      of the pathogenicity of this organism, which so far is considered as a rare
      causative agent.

PMID- 4045999
TI  - The in vitro effect of three antibiotics on alveolar macrophages.
AB  - The effects of 3 antibiotics, azlocillin, ticarcillin and tobramycin, on rat
      alveolar macrophage function has been examined. These antibiotics are used in the
      treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients.
      In this study low concentrations of the antibiotics were used, similar to the low
      levels found in the lungs of these patients. Tobramycin, a highly active
      aminoglycoside, inhibited the phagocytosis of opsonized Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      and enhanced the binding of sheep erythrocytes sensitized with IgG2b, when pre
      incubated with macrophage monolayers for 30 min. Inhibition of both phagocytosis
      and binding of sensitized sheep erythrocytes was observed when tobramycin was co
      incubated with the macrophage monolayers and indicator cells. Azlocillin, a semi
      synthetic penicillin, caused inhibition of phagocytosis of opsonized bacteria and
      binding of sensitized sheep erythrocytes when added with the indicator cells.
      However, no effect was found if the macrophages were pre-incubated with
      azlocillin for 30 min. Ticarcillin, a semi-synthetic penicillin which is less
      active in vitro as an antimicrobial agent than azlocillin, had no effect on
      alveolar macrophages at the concentrations used in these assays. It is postulated
      that if these in vitro findings with rat alveolar macrophages are reflected in
      the in vivo situation in humans, the effect of antibiotics on host defence may be
      of clinical importance.

PMID- 4046000
TI  - In vivo alteration of RES phagocytosis by magnetic albumin microspheres.
AB  - The effect of non-localized magnetically responsive albumin microspheres (MR-AMS)
      on RES phagocytic function was investigated. MR-AMS and MR-AMS containing
      Adriamycin (MR-AMS-ADR) were injected intravenously in rats at a dose which
      saturated all RES phagocytes. The ability of the RES to clear the bloodstream of
      a subsequent suspension of MR-AMS or streptococci was then analyzed over a three
      day period. MR-AMS clearance was enhanced after initial RES saturation with MR
      AMS but depressed when the saturating agent was MR-AMS-ADR. Bloodstream clearance
      of streptococci was depressed by MR-AMS and MR-AMS-ADR. Localization of MR-AMS in
      the RES might depress RES phagocytosis by physical saturation of phagocytes or by
      a direct toxic effect of encapsulated chemotherapeutic agents.

PMID- 4046001
TI  - Assessment of immunological responsiveness in members of International Biomedical
      Expedition to the Antarctic 1980/81.
AB  - Analysis of immune responsiveness was performed in members of the IBEA during a
      controlled trial of acclimatization with cold baths and during the subsequent 71
      day period of Antarctic isolation. Several parameters of humoral and cellular
      immunity were assessed. No differences were found for those individuals who
      underwent cold-acclimatization in the first phase of the expedition. On the ice
      cap all members showed slight elevation of their immunoglobulins, the increase in
      IgA reaching significance (p less than 0.05). Values returned to normal on
      returning to Sydney. Enhanced reactivity to the mycobacterium antigen purified
      protein derivative (PPD) was found on the ice-cap with 4 individuals becoming
      positive and remaining so on returning to Sydney. There was no obvious exposure
      to mycobacterium during the expedition but it is recommended that in future
      expeditions all PPD negative individuals be vaccinated with BCG.

PMID- 4046002
TI  - Immunological studies on Crohn's disease. III. Defective natural killer activity.
AB  - Natural killer (NK) activity was studied in 23 patients with Crohn's disease (CD)
      and 23 healthy controls, as assessed by lymphocyte cytotoxicity against K562
      target cells. Severely impaired NK activity was found in patients with CD (p less
      than 0.001). The relationship between NK activity and disease activity was also
      analyzed. NK activity was not directly related to the disease activity, although
      NK function was lower in the patients with an active form of the disease.

PMID- 4046003
TI  - Pentastomid nymph from the brain of a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). I.
      Morphology of the nymph.
AB  - A Pentastomid nymph of the genus Porocephalus was identified following its
      removal from the brain-meningeal interface of a squirrel monkey, Saimiri
      sciureus. It was characterized by two inner and two outer hooks adjacent to the
      mouth opening, the presence of accessory lobes (or spines) on the outer hooks, a
      vertical slit-like mouth opening surrounded by a U-shaped conformation of
      integument, and annulation of the body surface. Stigmata, representing the
      openings of integumental chloride cells, were present on the dorsum of the head
      and tail, on anterior aspects of annulae on the body, and on anterior and
      posterior edges of annulae located on the ventral surface of the tail. These
      openings were not present on integumental folds at the bases of the inner and
      outer hooks, on the dorsal aspect of the tail flap, or in the deep grooves
      separating annulae. Although it was not possible to determine the species, based
      on the number of annulae this specimen may represent P. stilesi.

PMID- 4046004
TI  - Pentastomid nymph from the brain of a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). II.
      Morphology of the host response.
AB  - A Porocephalus nymph found in the meninges of a squirrel monkey was encapsulated
      by connective tissue cells and fibrils presumably derived from the pia mater. The
      capsule was composed of an inner layer (IL) adjacent to the nymphal integument
      and an outer layer (OL) adherent to the brain surface. Separating the two layers
      was a capsular space. The IL was lined by a granular material adjacent to the
      nymph surface and possessed impressions of annulae and the apical pits of
      chloride cells. The surface of IL facing the capsular space was characterized by
      a monolayer of cells possessing extensive anastomosing plasmalemmal processes.
      The OL was composed of several tiers of fibroblasts and associated collagen
      fibrils that adhered to the brain surface in the form of a thickened pia mater.
      It is suggested that the capsule was formed by a modification of the pia that
      isolated the nymph and created an "intracapsular space" with specialized lining
      cells to facilitate fluid exchange.

PMID- 4046005
TI  - Congenital cataracts in a free-ranging rhesus monkey.
AB  - This report documents the occurrence of congenital cataracts in a visually
      impaired yearling rhesus monkey from the same matriline on Cayo Santiago in which
      a congenitally blind infant was born 2 years previously.

PMID- 4046006
TI  - Evaluation of the Subhuman Primate Pregnancy Test Kit for the detection of early
      pregnancy in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).
AB  - The performance of The Subhuman Primate Pregnancy Test Kit was evaluated for
      routine detection of early (days 19-21) pregnancy in the rhesus monkey. Out of
      123 confirmed matings, 19 resulted in pregnancy. In the pregnant animals the kit
      had an accuracy of 73.7%. In the nonpregnant females the accuracy was higher,
      88.5%. False positives were encountered in ovariectomized females as well as
      adult intact males.

PMID- 4046007
TI  - Biological membrane structure as "seen" by X-ray and neutron diffraction
      techniques.

PMID- 4046008
TI  - Na+-coupled glycine transport in reticulocyte vesicles of distinct sidedness:
      stoichiometry and symmetry.
AB  - Sodium-coupled glycine transport has been studied using membrane vesicles of
      distinct sidedness, either inside-out or right side-out, prepared from sheep
      reticulocytes. The activity is chloride dependent and characterized by high and
      low apparent affinities for glycine (K'm approximately equal to 0.5 mM and
      greater than 10 mM) for both types of vesicles as well as intact cells. Transport
      is symmetrical with respect to similar apparent affinity constants for glycine,
      for both the high- and low-affinity systems, and for sodium. Direct measurements
      of the sodium/glycine coupling indicate a ratio of 2:1, consistent with kinetic
      data fitted to a Hill-type equation describing glycine flux as a function of
      sodium concentration.

PMID- 4046009
TI  - Water permeability of Necturus gallbladder epithelial cell membranes measured by
      nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - In order to assess the contribution of transcellular water flow to isosmotic
      fluid transport across Necturus gallbladder epithelium, we have measured the
      water permeability of the epithelial cell membranes using a nuclear magnetic
      resonance method. Spin-lattice (T1) relaxation of water protons in samples of
      gallbladder tissue where the extracellular fluid contained 10 to 20 mM Mn2+
      showed two exponential components. The fraction of the total water population
      responsible for the slower of the two was 24 +/- 2%. Both the size of the slow
      component, and the fact that it disappeared when the epithelial layer was removed
      from the tissue, suggest that it was due to water efflux from the epithelial
      cells. The rate constant of efflux was estimated to be 15.6 +/- 1.0 sec-1 which
      would be consistent with a diffusive membrane water permeability Pd of 1.6 X 10(
      3) cm sec-1 and an osmotic permeability Pos of between 0.3 X 10(-4) and 1.4 X 10(
      4) cm sec-1 osmolar-1. Using these data and a modified version of the standing
      gradient model, we have reassessed the adequacy of a fluid transport theory based
      purely on transcellular osmotic water flow. We find that the model accounts
      satisfactorily for near-isosmotic fluid transport by the unilateral gallbladder
      preparation, but a substantial serosal diffusion barrier has to be included in
      order to account for the transport of fluid against opposing osmotic gradients.

PMID- 4046010
TI  - Role of interfacial structured water in membrane: osmotic properties of L-alpha
      egg lecithin liposomes.
AB  - The role of large amounts of membrane-bound water in regulating various functions
      of the membrane is not clear at present. We have investigated the effect of
      perturbing the interfacial water structure on the osmotic shrinkage properties,
      such as water permeability and extent of shrinkage of egg lecithin liposomes.
      Water structure was perturbed by a series of reagents which have been earlier
      reported to affect phase transition of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes
      by perturbing interfacial water structure. Anomalous variations of osmotic
      shrinkage properties with concentration of structure maker and breaker reagents
      have been interpreted to arise from concentration-dependent structural
      transitions of the ordered water at the membrane-aqueous interface. Various modes
      of interaction of these reagents on interfacial structured water have been
      suggested. Influence of molecular size and functional groups on the molecule in
      actions of some structure makers and breakers were also observed.

PMID- 4046011
TI  - Ionic modulation of electrically induced fusion of mammalian cells.
AB  - During the last few years, a new technique has been developed for the
      "electrofusion" of mammalian cells. No previous treatment of the culture is
      needed, for the contact between cells is spontaneous. Short DC electric pulses
      are applied directly to a culture growing in monolayers on a culture dish. When
      the cell density is high enough, contacts occur between cells giving the so
      called contact inhibition. In the present study, a systematic investigation of
      the modulation of the extent of the fusion by the ionic content of the bathing
      medium during the pulsation is described. An increase in the content in
      monovalent ions decreases the fusion yield. But this decrease is modulated by the
      nature of the ion; Li+, a potent "water structure maker," is less effective than
      Na+ or K+. Ca2+, when present in the millimolar range, leads to the lysis of the
      cells. Mg2+, when present at concentrations smaller than 4 mM, promotes the
      fusion but prevents it at larger concentrations. Microelectrophoresis
      measurements show that the electric surface charge is not strongly affected by
      these changes in ionic content. Our observations are relevant of a modulation of
      the cell-cell interactions by the ionic content of the bathing medium.

PMID- 4046012
TI  - Determinants of triad junction reformation: identification and isolation of an
      endogenous promotor for junction reformation in skeletal muscle.
AB  - The junction of isolated triads can be mechanically broken by passage through a
      French press and subsequently reformed by incubation of the isolated organelles
      with certain salts of weak acids (e.g., K cacodylate, K propionate, and K
      butyrate). In contrast, other salts (e.g., KCl, K phosphate, and K benzoate) are
      ineffective in promoting triad formation. An endogenous factor obtained from a
      muscle homogenate acts in the same manner as these artificial compounds. When
      rabbit skeletal muscle is homogenized in a KCl solution and centrifuged to remove
      large cellular components and membrane fractions, an endogenous factor is
      extracted into the high speed supernatant which promotes the reformation of
      mechanically broken triads. A three-stage purification of this factor has been
      achieved using: ammonium sulfate fractionation, adsorption chromatography, and
      molecular sieve chromatography. SDS-PAGE showed that the protein was purified to
      homogeneity and had a subunit Mr of 34,000 daltons. This protein has the
      following characteristics: it exists in 0.1 M KCl as a polymeric substance with
      an estimated Mr = 123,000 on molecular sieve chromatography and a Mr = 155,000 on
      sedimentation equilibrium; it promotes the formation of triadic vesicles from
      isolated organelles in a low ionic strength medium; Both this protein and
      cacodylate share the property of specifically catalyzing the association and
      aggregation of junctional proteins which had previously been dissolved by neutral
      detergent and salt; it appears to be identical to an extrinsic constituent of
      terminal cisternae, which has been described as a protein of Mr = 34K. It is not
      clear, however, whether this protein is a necessary and integral component of the
      junctional feet or whether it exerts predominantly a catalytic role in the
      formation of the triad junction.

PMID- 4046013
TI  - An accurate block-trimming device for ultramicrotomy of selected cells.
AB  - A small instrument is described which is operated on the stage of a light
      microscope to trim resin-embedded specimens to precise levels for subsequent
      ultramicrotomy and to cut thin pilot sections for light microscopy. The operating
      procedure and examples of results are given.

PMID- 4046014
TI  - The structure of the stalk surface layer of a brine pond microorganism:
      correlation averaging applied to a double layered lattice structure.
AB  - The surface layer of the stalk of a prosthecate halophilic microorganism is a
      periodic array (space group p3m1) comprised of electron dense trimers with a
      centre to centre spacing of 9.0 nm. The structure is reminiscent of E. coli
      porin. We have demonstrated that the method of correlation averaging can be
      effectively used to separate overlapping lattices, and that this results in a
      higher fidelity reconstruction, when compared to the established method of
      Fourier filtration. Two statistical methods are used to determine the resolution
      of the correlation average as a function of the number of 'windows' averaged. (i)
      The phase residual of spatial frequencies in Fourier space is computed between
      independently obtained subaverages, and (ii) a new method of Q factor analysis
      examines the cumulative vector sum in Fourier space as a function of the number
      of windows averaged. Both methods give a resolution of 1/2.1 nm-1.

PMID- 4046015
TI  - Assessment of electron irradiation damage to biomolecules using the Patterson
      function.
AB  - A method for the assessment of electron radiation damage to 5-iodouracil is
      described which involves the use of the Patterson function. Changes in Patterson
      maps computed from the electron diffraction patterns recorded at increasing
      electron irradiation have been related to structural and chemical damage to 5
      iodouracil. The process of radiation damage is also discussed in terms of a
      disorder parameter which was found to increase with increasing irradiation.

PMID- 4046016
TI  - Theoretical calculation of layer geometry in rotary shadowed models of membrane
      associated particles.
AB  - The geometry of the evaporated metal layer on models of membrane-associated
      particles has been calculated theoretically and the respective density profiles
      have been estimated. The models were a hollow cylinder, a hemisphere and a rotary
      ellipsoid substituting the freeze-fracture appearance of gap junction connexons
      and globular integral membrane proteins respectively. These calculations may be
      used as a help for choosing an optimal compromise between shadowing angle and
      layer thickness. They furthermore provide a basis for assaying the extent of
      shadowing artefacts such as decoration and lead to a more accurate interpretation
      of rotary shadowed structures.

PMID- 4046017
TI  - Ten year experience with total hip arthroplasty.

PMID- 4046018
TI  - Recent advancements in the treatment of prostate cancer.

PMID- 4046019
TI  - Acromegaly.

PMID- 4046020
TI  - A system that cares.

PMID- 4046021
TI  - The mitochondrial genome of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The
      cytochrome b gene has an intron closely related to the first two introns in the
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae cox1 gene.
AB  - The DNA sequence of the cob region of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe mitochondrial
      DNA has been determined. The cytochrome b structural gene is interrupted by an
      intron of 2526 base-pairs, which has an open reading frame of 2421 base-pairs in
      phase with the upstream exon. The position of the intron differs from those found
      in the cob genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus nidulans or Neurospora
      crassa. The Sch. pombe cob intron has the potential of assuming an RNA secondary
      structure almost identical to that proposed for the first two cox1 introns (group
      II) in S. cerevisiae and the p1-cox1 intron in Podospora anserina. It has most of
      the consensus nucleotides in the central core structure described for this group
      of introns and its comparison with other group II introns allows the
      identification of an additional conserved nucleotide stretch. A comparison of the
      predicted protein sequences of group II intronic coding regions reveals three
      highly conserved blocks showing pairwise amino acid identities of 34 to 53%.
      These regions comprise over 50% of the coding length of the intron but do not
      include the 5' region, which has strong secondary structural features. In
      addition to the potential intron folding, long helical structures involving
      repetitive sequences can be formed in the flanking cob exon regions. A comparison
      of the Sch. pombe cytochrome b sequence with those available from other organisms
      indicates that Sch. pombe is evolutionarily distant from both budding yeasts and
      filamentous fungi. As was seen for the Sch. pombe cox1 gene (Lang, 1984), the cob
      exons are translated using the universal genetic code and this distinguishes Sch.
      pombe mitochondria from all other fungal and animal mitochondrial systems.

PMID- 4046022
TI  - Arrangement of the heads of myosin in relaxed thick filaments from tarantula
      muscle.
AB  - Thick filaments from leg muscle of tarantula, maintained under relaxing
      conditions (Mg-ATP and EGTA), were negatively stained and photographed with
      minimal electron dose. Particles were selected for three-dimensional image
      reconstruction by general visual appearance and by the strength and symmetry of
      their optical diffraction patterns, the best of which extend to spacings of 1/5
      nm-1. The helical symmetry is such that, on a given layer-line, Bessel function
      contributions of different orders start to overlap at fairly low resolution and
      must therefore be separated computationally by combining data from different
      views. Independent reconstructions agree well and show more detail than previous
      reconstructions of thick filaments from Limulus and scallop. The strongest
      feature is a set of four long-pitch right-handed helical ridges (pitch 4 X 43.5
      nm) formed by the elongated myosin heads. The long-pitch helices are modulated to
      give ridges with an axial spacing of 14.5 nm, lying in planes roughly normal to
      the filament axis and running circumferentially. We suggest that the latter may
      be formed by the stacking of a subfragment 1 (S1) head from one myosin molecule
      on an S1 from an axially neighbouring molecule. Internal features in the map
      indicate an approximate local twofold axis relating the putative heads within a
      molecule. The heads appear to point in opposite directions along the filament
      axis and are located very close to the filament backbone. Thus, for the first
      time, the two heads of the myosin molecule appear to have been visualized in a
      native thick filament under relaxing conditions.

PMID- 4046023
TI  - Crystalline regions in collagen fibrils.
AB  - A new image processing technique, content-dependent anisotropic spatial frequency
      filtering, has been developed to visualize the location and orientation of
      crystalline regions in collagen fibril cross-sections. The results show that most
      crystalline regions are oriented with their approximately 4 nm periodicity
      directed radially from the fibril centre. This periodicity corresponds to the
      separation between rows of molecular ends in the quasi-hexagonal molecular
      packing scheme. The extent of crystallinity increases with radius and frequently
      the lattice is either continuously distorted or interrupted by sharp
      discontinuities.

PMID- 4046024
TI  - On the calculation of electrostatic interactions in proteins.
AB  - In this paper we present a classical treatment of electrostatic interactions in
      proteins. The protein is treated as a region of low dielectric constant with
      spherical charges embedded within it, surrounded by an aqueous solvent of high
      dielectric constant, which may contain a simple electrolyte. The complete
      analysis includes the effects of solvent screening, polarization forces, and self
      energies, which are related to solvation energies. Formulae, and sample
      calculations of forces and energies, are given for the special case of a
      spherical protein. Our analysis and model calculations point out that any
      consistent treatment of electrostatic interactions in proteins should account for
      the following. Solvent polarization is an important factor in the calculation of
      pairwise electrostatic interactions. Solvent polarization substantially affects
      both electrostatic energies and forces acting upon charges. No simple expression
      for the effective dielectric constant, Deff, can generally be valid, since Deff
      is a sensitive function of position. Solvent screening of pairwise interactions
      involving dipolar groups is less effective than the screening of charges. In fact
      for many interactions involving dipoles, solvent screening can be essentially
      ignored. The self energy of charges makes a large contribution to the total
      electrostatic energy of a protein. This must be compensated by specific
      interactions with other groups in the protein. Strategies for applying our
      analysis to proteins whose structures are known are discussed.

PMID- 4046025
TI  - Chemical potential measurements of deoxyhemoglobin S polymerization.
      Determination of the phase diagram of an assembling protein.
AB  - We have used the "osmotic stress" method to determine the phase diagram of
      deoxyhemoglobin S polymerization. This method involves equilibration, through a
      semipermeable membrane, of the protein with solutions of inert polymers of known
      osmotic pressure. With deoxyhemoglobin A and S solutions, in which we have
      demonstrated achievement of equilibrium, plots of osmotic pressure versus
      concentration initially agree closely with the results of other methods of
      measurement of colligative properties. However, once the known solubility value
      is exceeded for the deoxyhemoglobin S solutions at various temperatures, there is
      a rapid rise in hemoglobin concentration over a narrow osmotic pressure range and
      then a more gradual increase in concentration. We believe that these two regions
      correspond, respectively, to the onset of the polymerization process, and of
      subsequent continuing growth and compression or alignment of polymer. We derive
      the thermodynamic values for these processes and show that the behavior of the
      deoxyhemoglobin S system is analogous to the phase transition for a simple
      chemical system. These results are relevant to understanding the intracellular
      polymerization of deoxyhemoglobin S in sickle cell disease, and these concepts
      are applicable to other protein assembly systems.

PMID- 4046027
TI  - Small square (SS) net structure of the narrow Z-line.

PMID- 4046026
TI  - Fine structure of wide and narrow vertebrate muscle Z-lines. A proposed model and
      computer simulation of Z-line architecture.
AB  - A model of the structure of vertebrate Z-lines and Z-line analogs is introduced
      and supported by evidence from electron microscope studies of wide Z-lines (rat
      and feline soleus, and feline and canine cardiac muscles), narrow Z-lines (guppy,
      newt and frog skeletal muscles), and Z-rods (from a patient with nemaline
      myopathy and from cardiac muscles of aged dog). The model is based on a pair of Z
      filaments (termed a Z-unit), which are linked near their centers at a 90 degrees
      angle and form bridges between neighboring antipolar thin (actin) filaments. A
      square lattice of four Z-filament pairs (the basic structure of the Z-line,
      termed a Z-line unit) defines the geometrical position of the I-square unit. In
      this native state of the Z-line, small square and large square net forms appear
      in cross-section. Other cross-sectional patterns of Z-lines, including basket
      weave and diagonal-square net patterns, can be explained by detachment of the Z
      filament from the Z-filament binding region within each Z-filament pair due to
      chemical or physical stress. Dissection of Z-lines and Z-line analogs with
      calcium-activated neutral protease provides evidence that the width of all wide Z
      line structures is determined by the amount of overlap of antipolar thin
      filaments from adjacent sarcomeres. Longitudinal patterns of narrow and wide Z
      lines are shown and described in relation to the model. To test the proposed
      model, the dynamics of the Z-line unit structure were computer-simulated. An
      attempt was made to correlate longitudinal (z direction) and cross-sectional (x
      and y directions) patterns and to determine the amount of movement of thin or Z
      filaments that is required to explain the diversity observed in cross-sectional
      patterns of Z-lines. The computer simulations demonstrated that the structural
      transitions among the small square, and therefore large square net, as well as
      basket-weave and diagonal-square net forms seen in cross-sections could be caused
      by movements of thin filaments less than 10 nm in any direction (x, y or
      z).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4046028
TI  - Constraints on flagellar rotation.
AB  - The motion of tethered cells of Streptococcus was analyzed at low values of
      protonmotive force (delta p). Cells repeatedly energized and de-energized stopped
      at discrete angular positions, indicating a rotational symmetry of barriers to
      rotation of order 5 or 6. At values of delta p smaller than -30 mV, constraints
      imposed by these barriers were evident when cells were starved and gradually
      energized, but not when they were energized first and then gradually de
      energized. At values of delta p larger than about -30 mV, the cells behaved as if
      there were no barriers. Cells spinning in this regime also executed rotational
      Brownian movement. At energy levels above threshold, the motor determines torque;
      it does not fix the position of the rotor relative to the stator.

PMID- 4046029
TI  - Electron microscopy of influenza virus. A comparison of negatively stained and
      ice-embedded particles.
AB  - An electron microscopical study was made of the influenza virus, type B/Hong
      Kong, in the unstained, frozen, hydrated state after quench-freezing in cooled
      liquid ethane. The results are compared with data from negatively stained
      specimens. It is shown that cryo-electron microscopy confirms and extends the
      data obtained by conventional methods. In particular, the virus is shown to be
      circular in projection with no indication of icosahedral symmetry, the lipid
      membrane is clearly resolved as a bi-layer and it is demonstrated that the
      distribution of material within the bi-layer is non-uniform, with a shell of more
      electron dense material surrounding a less dense central region. Neuraminidase
      spikes are not clearly distinguished from haemaglutinin spikes. The diameter of
      the complete B/Hong Kong virus was estimated from cryo-micrographs as 1270(+/-
      70) A. Some preliminary data for influenza virus type A/X31 are presented.

PMID- 4046030
TI  - Structure of alpha-chymotrypsin refined at 1.68 A resolution.
AB  - Diffraction data for alpha-chymotrypsin crystals at -10 degrees C were measured
      at 1.68 A resolution and refined by restrained structure-factor least-squares
      refinement. The two independent chymotrypsin molecules in the crystallographic
      asymmetric unit were refined independently. The overall structure of alpha
      chymotrypsin is little changed from published co-ordinates. The root-mean-square
      shift of C alpha co-ordinates is 0.42 A, co-ordinates for the two molecules
      showing a root-mean-square difference of 0.19 A. Certain regions with high
      disorder (residues 9 to 14, 73 to 79) remain difficult to interpret and several
      side-chains are disordered. Some water molecule positions have been changed. The
      absence of the tosyl group has made a significant difference to the refined
      structure at the active site. This now agrees closely with other enzymes of the
      trypsin family that have been refined at high resolution. There is a strong
      hydrogen bond between N epsilon 2 (His57) and O gamma (Ser195) in the free
      enzyme, in line with the published description of the charge relay system.

PMID- 4046031
TI  - "Cap" on the tip of Salmonella flagella.
AB  - Flagellar filaments isolated intact from a Salmonella short-flagella mutant are
      unable to serve as nuclei for flagellin polymerization in vitro, whereas the
      filaments reconstructed in vitro from the mutant flagellin are able to do so. The
      inability of intact flagella to nucleate flagellin polymerization appears to be
      common to wild-type bacteria and thus suggests that the tip of intact flagella
      are generally inactivated or capped in vivo. Careful observations of the tips of
      intact flagella and reconstructed flagellar filaments of a wild-type species have
      revealed marked difference between them: the intact flagella usually have blunt
      ends, whereas reconstructed filaments have concave, "fish-tail" ends. Moreover, a
      thin structure is often observed attaching to the very end of the intact
      flagella. We suspect that this "capping" structure is essential to the elongation
      mechanism of flagellar filaments.

PMID- 4046032
TI  - Structure of phage P22 gene 19 lysozyme inferred from its homology with phage T4
      lysozyme. Implications for lysozyme evolution.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of the lysozyme from phage P22 is shown to be homologous
      (26% identity) with the lysozyme from bacteriophage T4. The sequence
      correspondence suggests that the structure of P22 lysozyme is similar to the
      known structure of T4 lysozyme within the "core" of the molecule, including the
      active site cleft. However, P22 lysozyme appears to lack two surface loops
      present in T4 lysozyme. It is possible that P22 lysozyme may provide an
      "evolutionary link" between the phage-type lysozymes and the goose-type
      lysozymes.

PMID- 4046033
TI  - Evolution and structure of the fibrinogen genes. Random insertion of introns or
      selective loss?
AB  - Chromosomal linkage as well as sequence homologies provide unequivocal evidence
      that the genes for the alpha, beta and gamma chains of fibrinogen arose by
      successive duplication of a single ancestral gene. Yet, when the three fibrinogen
      chains are aligned by amino acid homology, the positions of intervening sequences
      coincide at only two positions for all three chains. While one additional intron
      occurs at a homologous site in the beta and gamma chains, none of the positions
      of the remaining 11 introns in the three genes is shared. This arrangement of
      introns in the three fibrinogen genes suggests that either introns were
      selectively lost, implying that there is essential information in the retained
      introns, or the common introns were present in the ancestral fibrinogen gene and
      introns have been randomly inserted since the triplication of the original gene.
      The more likely possibility of selective loss of introns implies that the
      ancestral gene, as it existed about one billion years ago, must have been
      composed of numerous small exons.

PMID- 4046034
TI  - The structure of the adenovirus capsid. I. An envelope model of hexon at 6 A
      resolution.
AB  - The structure of hexon, the major coat protein of adenovirus, has been determined
      by X-ray crystallography. Electron density maps were obtained with phases based
      on five heavy-atom derivatives at 2.9 A resolution. The main experimental finding
      derives from a low resolution electron density map calculated at 6.0 A
      resolution, but based on phases determined by the multiple isomorphous
      replacement method at 2.9 A resolution. Hexon consists of three subunits together
      forming two major components of different morphological symmetry. A triangular
      top with three towers of density is superimposed on a more bulky pseudo-hexagonal
      base. The symmetry of the top is in accord with the trimeric nature of hexon, but
      that of the base derives from the molecular function, which is to provide a
      densely packed impenetrable protective outer layer for the virion. A close-packed
      array of hexons forms a planar facet of the icosahedral capsid, with the tops
      presenting a spiky appearance that is consistent with electron micrographs of the
      adenovirus capsid. Hexon is hollow, permitting it to occupy a larger volume than
      normal for the same quantity of protein. The polypeptide chain has been traced in
      the 2.9 A electron density map for several non-contiguous stretches, allowing C
      alpha co-ordinates to be measured for 820 out of the 967 amino acid residues. The
      overall folding pattern confirms the assignment of shape, but the lack of
      connectivity so far precludes its complete description. The modest amount of
      alpha-helix and beta-sheet present is in accord with spectroscopic results.

PMID- 4046035
TI  - The structure of the adenovirus capsid. II. The packing symmetry of hexon and its
      implications for viral architecture.
AB  - The orientation and location of the 240 hexons comprising the outer protein shell
      of adenovirus have been determined. Electron micrographs of the capsid and its
      fragments were inspected for the features of hexon known from the X-ray
      crystallographic model as described in the accompanying paper. A capsid model is
      proposed with each facet comprising a small p3 net of 12 hexons, arranged as a
      triangular sextet with three outer hexon pairs. The sextet is centrally placed
      about the icosahedral threefold axis, with its edges parallel to those of the
      facet. The outer pairs project over the facet edges on one side of the
      icosahedral twofold axes at each edge. The model capsid is defined by the
      underlying icosahedron, of edge 445 A, upon which hexons are arranged. The hexons
      are thus bounded by icosahedra with insphere radii of 336 A and 452 A. A quartet
      of hexons forms the asymmetric unit of an icosahedral hexon shell, which can be
      closed by the addition of pentons at the 12 vertices. Considering the hexon
      trimer as a complex structure unit, its interactions in the four topologically
      distinct environments are very similar, with conservation of at least two-thirds
      of the inter-hexon bonding. The crystal-like construction explains the flat
      facets and sharp edges characteristic of adenovirus. Larger "adenovirus-like"
      capsids of any size could be formed using only one additional topologically
      different environment. The construction of adenovirus illustrates how an
      impenetrable protein shell can be formed, with highly conserved intermolecular
      bonding, by using the geometry of an oligomeric structure unit and symmetry
      additional to that of the icosahedral point group. This contrasts with the manner
      suggested by Caspar & Klug (1962), in which the polypeptide is the structure
      unit, and for which the number of possible bonding configurations required of a
      structure unit tends to infinity as the continuously curved capsid increases in
      size. The known structures of polyoma and the plant viruses with triangulation
      number equal to 3 are evaluated in terms of hexamer-pentamer packing, and
      evidence is presented for the existence of larger subunits than the polypeptide
      in both cases. It is suggested that spontaneous assembly can occur only when
      exact icosahedral symmetry relates structure units or sub-assemblies, which would
      themselves have been formed by self-limiting closed interactions. Without such
      symmetry, the presence of scaffolding proteins or nucleic acid is necessary to
      limit aggregation.

PMID- 4046036
TI  - Rigor crossbridge structure in tilted single filament layers and flared-X
      formations from insect flight muscle.
AB  - The averaged structure of rigor crossbridges in insect flight muscle has been
      studied in filtered images. Their three-dimensional structure has been deduced by
      relating tilt views of single filament layers in 25 nm longitudinal sections
      (myac layers and actin layers) to the flared-X appearance in 15 nm cross-sections
      showing single crossbridge levels. Tilting myac or actin layers around the
      filament axis makes crossbridges show one of two patterns. Beadlike densities
      appear either singly over thin filaments ("center-beading") or doubled and
      flanking thin filaments ("straddle-beading"). These express two different
      projections from the crossbridge-actin complexes as seen end-on in flared-X
      formations. Tannic acid/glutaraldehyde fixation gave improved actin preservation,
      showing, in 15 nm cross-sections, the long-pitch helical strands as "two-dot"
      profiles of consistent azimuth in the gaps between double chevrons. The azimuth
      in the flared-X arms was then inferred from lattice relationships, since it was
      not seen directly. The tangential attachment of comma-shaped crossbridges to the
      inferred actin dyad fits the binding geometry in recent actin-subfragment 1
      complex reconstructions. However, averaged crossbridge structure differs between
      lead and rear members of double chevrons, unlike the uniform heads on decorated
      actin. In filtered images of myac layers, the lead bridges are dense and steeply
      angled; the rear chevron is seen as a dense bead over the thin filament with
      faint, less angled bars extending laterally. Actin layer images also suggest that
      rear and lead bridges differ in angle. Left and right flared-X arms are end-on
      views of lead and rear chevron bridges, respectively, and differ in shape.
      Improved fixation with tannic acid/glutaraldehyde allows us to distinguish three
      crossbridge domains in flared-X arms: (1) a dense bulb-like head merged into the
      thin filament; (2) a dense but thinner neck tangential to actin; and (3) a faint
      thin stem joining the necks to myosin filaments. Shape differences in lead and
      rear members between the head-neck-actin complexes are indicated by the names "L
      sigmoid" and "R dogleg". Within crossbridges, internal angles between the head
      neck axis and the head-actin-head axis differ between sigmoid and dogleg by about
      30 degrees, implying a flexible junction between bridge-head and bridge-neck.
      Lead and rear bridges are axially at least 13 nm apart on actin; the expected 60
      degrees difference in azimuth is expressed by head-neck portions, but the head
      actin-head axis rotates by only 30 degrees.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4046037
TI  - RNA polymerase-DNA interactions in Streptomyces. In vitro studies of a S.
      lividans plasmid promoter with S. coelicolor RNA polymerase.
AB  - DNA fragments of the Streptomyces lividans plasmid pIJ101 have been tested for
      their ability to bind Streptomyces coelicolor RNA polymerase in vitro or to
      promote transcription in Streptomyces in vivo. One DNA fragment which does both
      was shown to encode a transcript which was expressed at low cell-density in
      cultures of pIJ101-containing cells. The transcript start was located on the DNA
      sequence of the fragment by nucleotide-primed RNA polymerase binding experiments
      and by S1 nuclease mapping. The pattern of DNase I protection, the sites of
      enhanced DNase I cleavage and the DNA sequence of the fragment suggest that the
      RNA polymerase holoenzyme form, which recognizes this promoter, is similar in its
      interaction with DNA to the major RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli. Regions
      showing 3/6 nucleotide homology with each of the -35 and -10 regions of the
      consensus sequence of E. coli promoters are present in the same positions
      relative to the transcript start. Symmetrical sequences which may be involved in
      the regulation of expression of the promoter and a potential polypeptide coding
      sequence can be identified.

PMID- 4046038
TI  - The active center of catalase.
AB  - The refined structure of beef liver catalase (I. Fita, A. M. Silva, M. R. N.
      Murthy & M. G. Rossmann, unpublished results) is here examined with regard to
      possible catalytic mechanisms. The distal side of the deeply buried heme pocket
      is connected with the surface of the molecule by one (or possibly two) channel.
      The electron density representing the heme group, in each of the two
      crystallographically independent subunits, is consistent with degradation of the
      porphyrin rings. The heme group appears to be buckled, reflecting the high
      content of bile pigment in liver catalase. The spatial organization on the
      proximal side (where the fifth ligand of the iron is located) shows an elaborate
      network of interactions. The distal side contains the substrate pocket. The
      limited space in this region severely constrains possible substrate positions and
      orientations. The N delta atom of the essential His74 residue hydrogen bonds with
      O gamma of Ser113, which in turn hydrogen bonds to a water molecule associated
      with the propionic carbonylic group of pyrrole III. These interactions are also
      visible in the refined structure of Penicillium vitale catalase (B. K.
      Vainshtein, W. R. Melik-Adamyan, V. V. Barynin, A. A. Vagin, A. I. Grebenko, V.
      V. Borisov, K. S. Bartels, I. Fita, & M. G. Rossmann, unpublished results). Model
      building suggests a pathway for a catalase mechanism (compound I formation, as
      well as catalatic and peroxidatic reactions). There are some similarities in
      compound I formation of catalase and cytochrome c peroxidase.

PMID- 4046039
TI  - X-ray diffraction study of fast and slow mammalian skeletal muscle in the live
      relaxed state.
AB  - Experimental methods have been developed by which fast and slow muscles of the
      mouse can be maintained in good condition for the time needed to record detailed
      X-ray patterns. The results presented here show that thick filaments of both
      types of fibre show only minor differences from those of frog muscle. However, in
      slow muscle alone a remarkable transformation of this structure can occur.

PMID- 4046040
TI  - Confidence limits for homology in protein or gene sequences. The c-myc oncogene
      and adenovirus E1a protein.
AB  - We describe new tests, of general application, for deciding whether two proteins
      or DNA sequences are significantly homologous, in cases where the relationship is
      neither evidently true nor evidently false. Ralston and Bishop's comparison of
      the c-myc oncogene with the adenovirus E1a protein is discussed as an example.
      When the comparison matrix test is used to establish a homology between two
      sequences it is necessary that the number of high scores exceeds the expected
      mean level for random sequences by a statistically significant margin. The mean
      level itself is found from the double matching probability distribution. In
      examples where the number of high scores is larger than expected, but the highest
      score is not in itself exceptional, the variance of the numbers of scores
      expected for unrelated sequences is an important factor. We have analysed these
      variances by several methods. A simple binomial distribution gives only a rather
      inaccurate and low first estimate, but we derive a more rigorous and accurate
      statistical treatment, to take account of the correlations between scores in
      different parts of the comparison matrix. The theory is exact for random DNA or
      protein sequences with fluctuating compositions, selected by random draws from an
      infinite pool. In the more realistic situation, where sequences of fixed
      composition are formed by random permutations of the original sets, the
      deviations are smaller, and have been analysed by computer simulation. We find
      that although the relationship proposed by Ralston & Bishop, between the c-myc
      oncogene and adenovirus E1a proteins, appears to be significant in the binomial
      approximation, it is not supported by the full analysis. We conclude that, in
      general, great care is needed to establish any weak homology on the basis of
      comparisons that include no truly exceptional high scores, but merely have an
      enhanced number of scores at the upper end of the expected distribution.

PMID- 4046041
TI  - Initiation of transcription by bacteriophage T4-modified RNA polymerase
      independently of host sigma factor.
AB  - After infection of Escherichia coli with bacteriophage T4 a series of
      modifications of RNA polymerase takes place including the association of several
      small polypeptides. We isolated RNA polymerase from cells abortively infected
      with a series of T4 mutants which arrest phage development at different stages
      and found that different sets of associated proteins are present in RNA
      polymerase in each case. The patterns of associated polypeptides seem to
      correlate with DNA content in the infected cells, suggesting that some of them
      can be involved both in DNA replication and in the transcription apparatus. One
      of the modified forms of RNA polymerase contains stoichiometric amounts of a
      protein with Mr = 25,000 (25K protein), which remains associated with the core
      enzyme after the removal of sigma factor by chromatography on phosphocellulose.
      The 25K protein was purified to homogeneity and its effect on transcription
      selectivity was analyzed in an in vitro system using fragments of T4 DNA as
      templates. The 25K protein exists in two functional forms which direct core RNA
      polymerase to utilize two different types of transcription start sites (class I
      and class II promoters). Both activities do not require host sigma factor. The
      two forms of 25K protein seem to compete with each other for the core enzyme. The
      isolated 25K protein can form stable dimers, suggesting that its two activities
      are associated with the dimeric and monomeric forms. Class I (but not class II)
      promoters can also be utilized in response to the host sigma factor.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4046042
TI  - Determination of intracellular pH in the Langendorff-perfused guinea-pig heart by
      31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - The 31P NMR spectrum of freshly prepared guinea-pig heart perfused in the
      Langendorff mode at 37 degrees C with medium containing either glucose or
      pyruvate as an energy source exhibited no inorganic phosphate peak making the
      determination of intracellular pH from the chemical shift of this peak
      impossible. By incorporating 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate into the heart to act as
      an alternative pH indicator, intracellular pH was determined to be 6.98 +/- 0.02
      (mean +/- S.E.M. for eight animals). 2-Deoxyglucose was not taken up and
      phosphorylated by guinea-pig heart in the presence of glucose. Uptake and
      phosphorylation did proceed if glucose was omitted from the perfusion medium, but
      a large inorganic phosphate peak was present in the initial spectrum prior to 2
      deoxyglucose addition. With pyruvate as sole energy source, an inorganic
      phosphate peak was absent initially and 2-deoxyglucose was taken up and
      phosphorylated. During a 12 min period of global ischaemia at 20 degrees C, when
      inorganic phosphate was visible together with 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate, a close
      correlation was found between the pH estimated from the chemical shift of
      inorganic phosphate and 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate over the pH range 6.3 to 6.9.

PMID- 4046043
TI  - Fatty acid composition of human heart phospholipids: data from 53 biopsy
      specimens.
AB  - Fatty acid composition of human heart phospholipids was determined in 53
      specimens of left ventricular myocardium collected during mitral valve
      replacement. Ages of the subjects (29 males and 24 females) ranged from 14 to 75
      years (mean age = 54). Samples were immediately placed in chloroform-methanol
      2/1, v/v to which antioxidant was added. Extracted phospholipids were converted
      to methyl esters which were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography on glass
      capillary columns. Morphological examination was also performed on 35 out of 53
      samples. Age of the patients as well as the morphological state of the organ had
      no significant effect on major fatty acids in heart phospholipids. No difference
      by sex was detected. Trans-octadecenoic isomers were detected in all samples but
      they remained at a low level (0.4% to 1.2% of the total fatty acids).

PMID- 4046044
TI  - A polymeric prostaglandin (PGBx) attenuates adenine nucleotide loss during global
      ischemia and improves myocardial function during reperfusion.
AB  - Effects of a synthetic, prostaglandin (PGBx) on energy metabolism in isolated,
      guinea pig hearts were studied using P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
      (NMR) or by direct chemical analysis. Polymeric prostaglandin (500 and 750 ng/ml)
      attenuated the reduction of ATP and adenine nucleotides during 35 min of total
      transient ischemia. This occurred despite the absence of any significant
      preischemic changes in heart rate, contractility or coronary vascular resistance.
      Preischemic perfusion with PGBx extended the time taken to reach 50% reduction in
      dP/dt following the first few seconds of ischemia. PGBx had no effect on the
      development of intracellular acidosis during ischemia. Reperfusion resulted in
      normalization of phosphocreatine but not ATP concentrations in control and
      experimental groups. Prostaglandin (750 ng/ml) caused faster and more complete
      recovery of left ventricular dP/dt following reperfusion. In contrast to
      untreated hearts, dP/dt in PGBx-treated hearts was significantly higher than
      preischemic values despite incomplete restoration (70% of control) of ATP levels.
      These results suggest that the beneficial effects of PGBx observed during
      myocardial ischemia are unrelated to functionally-induced alterations and that
      PGBx probably has some direct cellular effect on energy metabolism.

PMID- 4046045
TI  - The effect of adrenergic agents on the activities of glycerol 3-phosphate
      acyltransferase and triglyceride lipase in the isolated perfused rat heart.
AB  - Glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) activity and triglyceride lipase
      (TGL) activity were measured in homogenates from hearts perfused with adrenergic
      agonists and antagonists. Perfusion with adrenalin or the beta-agonist
      isoprenaline produced an increase in TGL activity and a fall in GPAT activity.
      These changes could be imitated by incubation of heart homogenates with cAMP
      dependent protein kinase. The alpha 2-agonist clondine produced the opposite
      effect, thus it increased GPAT activity and decreased TGL activity. Methoxamine,
      an alpha 1-agonist, had no effect on TGL activity but reduced GPAT activity.
      Continuous perfusion of the beta-antagonist atenolol reduced TGL activity to half
      that found in controls but also reduced GPAT activity. No change was seen on
      continuous perfusion of alpha 1- or alpha 2-antagonists. Changes in GPAT activity
      were localized mainly in the microsomal enzyme. These changes are consistent with
      both enzymes being regulated via a cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinase system and
      via alpha-adrenergic mechanisms.

PMID- 4046046
TI  - Protection by verapamil of globally ischemic rat hearts: energy preservation, a
      partial explanation.
AB  - The relationship between energy preservation and the recovery of heart function
      was studied in globally ischemic hearts which were treated with verapamil.
      Isolated working rat hearts reperfused after 27 min of ischemia recovered 17.9 +/
      5.11% of pre-ischemic contractile function and had markedly reduced tissue ATP,
      total adenine nucleotide, and creatine phosphate levels. The ATP/ADP ratio was
      also decreased in these hearts. When verapamil (2 X 10(-6) M) was present before
      and during ischemia, but not during reperfusion, the recovery of cardiac function
      following reperfusion was improved (82.4 +/- 12.1%). When hearts were treated
      with 0.0, 7.5 X 10(-8) M, 5 X 10(-7) M, or 2 X 10(-6) M verapamil, the recovery
      of cardiac function was proportional to the concentration of verapamil present
      and showed a linear relationship with the depression of cardiac function prior to
      ischemia. The ATP, total adenine nucleotide and creatine phosphate levels were
      significantly higher in those hearts which were treated with verapamil, but the
      increase was not proportional to the recovery of cardiac function. It is possible
      that a critical pool of ATP may correlate with the recovery of verapamil treated
      hearts, but a large degree of mechanical recovery occurred with significant loss
      of high energy phosphate stores. Thus, while high energy compounds were
      preserved, there was not a good correlation between recovery of cardiac function
      and the preservation of total tissue energy reserves. A portion of the protection
      afforded by verapamil to globally ischemic hearts may be due to energy
      preservation, but additional mechanisms may also be involved in the enhanced
      recovery of contractile function.

PMID- 4046047
TI  - Effects of fatty acids on Na/Ca exchange in cardiac sarcolemmal membranes.
AB  - Three structurally distinct amphiphiles palmitic acid, oleic acid, and palmityl
      carnitine were studied to determine their effects on sodium dependent calcium
      uptake by purified cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles (PSL). Sodium dependent calcium
      uptake by PSL when studied over a 20 min reaction period was composed of an
      initial rapid uptake (20.9 +/- 0.93 nmol/mg X 30 s, mean +/- S.E. n = 20) a
      plateau in calcium content (42.4 +/- 3.2 nmol/mg, mean +/- S.E. n = 20) and a
      slow spontaneous release characterized by a first order rate constant of 0.68 +/-
      0.08/h (mean +/- S.E. n = 18). Both palmityl carnitine and palmitic acid
      inhibited, whereas oleic acid stimulated initial calcium uptake. All three
      amphiphiles shortened the time to peak calcium content, inhibited peak calcium
      content and increased the rate constant for calcium release. All these effects
      were observed at fatty acid: membrane phospholipid mole ratios of 0.67 : 1 to
      1.67 : 1 for oleic acid and palmityl carnitine and 0.02 : 1 to 0.42 : 1 for
      palmitic acid. These effects do not reflect disruption of membrane vesicle
      structure and may be explained, at least in part, by amphiphile induced increases
      in sarcolemmal membrane ion permeability. Although amphiphile accumulation has
      been implicated in the pathogenesis of cellular abnormalities in the ischemic
      myocardium, this study has shown that large amounts of amphiphile relative to
      membrane lipid are required to alter sarcolemmal membrane function in vitro.

PMID- 4046048
TI  - The effect of Coenzyme Q10 on reperfusion injury in canine myocardium.
AB  - The mechanism of mitochondrial damage during reperfusion injury of ischemic
      myocardium was studied using mongrel dogs in vivo and isolated mitochondria in
      vitro. Seventy-seven adult dogs were divided into three groups: the control group
      (n = 38), the Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)-5 mg group (n = 24), and the CoQ10-15 mg group
      (n = 15). In the control group, the left anterior descending coronary artery
      (LAD) of the dog was occluded for 15 min followed by 5 min of reperfusion after
      40 min of premedication with physiological saline. In both CoQ10 groups, 5 mg/kg
      or 15 mg/kg of CoQ10 was infused intravenously for 20 min and then physiological
      saline was administered for 20 min before 15 min occlusion of the LAD.
      Subsequently, reperfusion was allowed for 5 min. Each group was further divided
      into two subgroups depending on the presence (arrhythmia group) or the absence
      (non-arrhythmia group) of ventricular arrhythmias. Immediately after 15 min
      occlusion, myocardial samples were taken from the normal and reperfused areas to
      measure CoQ10 content of myocardium. Heart mitochondria were prepared after 5 min
      of reperfusion from both areas. Arrhythmias appeared in 12 of 38 dogs in the
      control group (32%), two of 24 dogs in the CoQ10-5 mg group (8%) and none of 15
      dogs in the CoQ10-15 mg group (0%). Premedication with CoQ10 increased tissue
      CoQ10 content in a dose-dependent manner. In the CoQ10-5 mg group, the increase
      in CoQ10 content of dogs with reperfusion arrhythmias was relatively less than
      that of dogs without reperfusion arrhythmias. In each group, mitochondrial
      function was decreased in the arrhythmia group compared to that of the non
      arrhythmia group. The increase in free fatty acid (FFA) content and the decrease
      in phospholipid content were also observed in mitochondria from the reperfused
      area of each arrhythmia group. The increase in FFA and mitochondrial dysfunction
      were induced by the incubation of mitochondria in vitro with phospholipase
      (PLase) A2 or PLase C, and protected by the addition of CoQ10. These results
      suggest that PLase plays an important role in the development of mitochondrial
      damage associated with reperfusion.

PMID- 4046049
TI  - Development of ischemia-induced damage in defined mitochondrial subpopulations.
AB  - Two mitochondrial subpopulations were isolated from guinea-pig heart by density
      gradient centrifugation. Under control conditions, both contain functionally
      intact mitochondria in which ischemic damage develops similarly. However, in one
      subpopulation adenine nucleotide content, adenine nucleotide translocase
      activity, oxidative phosphorylation and Ca2+ uptake are a quarter lower than in
      the other one when related to mitochondrial protein mass. Cytochrome contents and
      uncoupled electron flux are the same. Changes develop most evidently at the very
      beginning of ischemia for NAD-linked respiration. When ischemia progresses,
      cytochromes and the translocator protein are gradually lost or inactivated.
      Thereupon only partial recovery of mitochondrial function can be obtained after
      20 min of reperfusion.

PMID- 4046050
TI  - Effect of thyroid hormone on protein turnover in cultured cardiac myocytes.
AB  - Since systemic actions of thyroid hormone increase cardiac work, direct effects
      of T3 on myocardial protein turnover may be obscured in the intact animal. For
      this reason, the effects of T3 on synthesis and degradation of cellular protein
      were measured in replicate cultures of cardiac myocytes obtained from chick
      embryos. During the first 3 days of exposure, 10(-8) M T3 increased the
      fractional rate of protein synthesis 10% to 16% and the fractional rate of cell
      growth 20% to 40% with no change in protein degradation. During the fourth and
      fifth days of 10(-8) M T3 exposure, fractional synthesis rates in T3 cultures
      increased 15% to 19% but fractional degradation rates also increased 17% to 29%
      so that growth rates in T3 cultures fell to control levels. Similar changes in
      myocardial protein turnover have occurred in response to T3 treatment in intact
      animals. T3 treatment caused a disproportionately large increase in the rate of
      myosin heavy chain turnover when compared to total cellular protein and actin.
      This may be related to the change in amounts of myocardial isomyosins occurring
      in response to thyroid hormone treatment.

PMID- 4046051
TI  - A model for the study of coronary spasm induced changes in cardiac metabolism.
AB  - A model is described which permits the study of localized and generalized
      arterial spasm in the intact working perfused rabbit heart with a
      perfluorochemical (FC-43) as perfusate. Coronary arteries were visualized by
      intraatrial injection of Patent Blue Dye with gated photography. Localized spasm
      resulted from topical spray of histamine (40 mumols) on the epicardial surface
      overlying an obtuse marginal artery. Before and following topical administration
      of histamine, regional coronary flow was determined using radioisotope-labeled
      microspheres. Generalized arterial spasm was initiated by intraatrial injection
      of histamine (10 mumols). After topical administration, abtuse marginal artery
      diameter decreased by 57%; large vessel resistance rose 32 fold; 20% rise of
      total coronary resistance resulted in a slight reduction of total coronary flow
      (16%). Heart rate, cardiac output, dP/dtmax and myocardial oxygen consumption did
      not change. However, regional coronary flow in the myocardium supplied by the
      affected artery diminished 21% resulting in ischemic changes in redox pairs.
      After intraatrial injection of histamine, changes were more pronounced. Obtuse
      marginal artery diameter declined by 88% resulting in 3300-fold rise of large
      vessel resistance. Total coronary resistance increased 150%, coronary flow and
      cardiac output diminished (56% and 24%). Both heart rate and dP/dtmax increased
      (16% and 17%). Generalized coronary spasm after intraatrial histamine injection
      resulted in severe metabolic effects: Myocardial oxygen consumption (-48%); ATP (
      29%); creatine phosphate (-34%); redox ratios, alpha
      glycerophosphate/dihydroxyacetone phosphate and lactate/pyruvate, increased by
      449% and 114%, respectively. The findings illustrate that localized and
      generalized coronary spasm can be produced and quantitated in a working heart
      model.

PMID- 4046052
TI  - Examining Sedlacek's nontraditional variables of minority student success in a
      summer enrichment program for health careers.
AB  - Nontraditional variables associated with minority student success in the health
      sciences have been identified by Sedlacek and his associates. These eight
      variables-positive self-concept, realistic self-appraisal, understanding and
      dealing with racism, long-range goals, availability of a strong support person,
      leadership, community service and medical interests-are examined with respect to
      their incorporation into the summer enrichment programs for talented minority
      students conducted at the University of Tennessee Center for the Health Sciences
      (UTCHS) during the years 1982-1984. Student comments and illustrations from the
      summer program's curriculum are provided for five of Sedlacek's variables to
      demonstrate how the UTCHS program is able to further the development of these
      nontraditional variables as well as to strengthen the cognitive abilities of
      students in basic science, mathematics, and communication. Evaluations of the
      summer program have revealed that the students have an increased academic self
      concept, a more realistic view of the requirements to become a health
      professional, and an enhanced awareness of the health care environment.

PMID- 4046053
TI  - The computed tomographic spectrum of cerebral cysticercosis.
AB  - A review of the disease cerebral cysticercosis is presented. The pathogenesis,
      symptomatology, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease is discussed with an
      emphasis on the role of computed tomography in the diagnosis of cerebral
      cysticercosis.

PMID- 4046054
TI  - Fibrinogen Irvine: a qualitatively abnormal fibrinogen associated with the
      predisposition to recurrent visceral and peripheral venous thrombosis.
AB  - A slow clotting dysfibrinogen with delayed anodal immunoelectrophoretic mobility
      and impaired fibrinopeptide A release has been identified in a patient with
      recurrent portal vein and deep venous thrombosis. Affected family members tested
      in the initial screening were asymptomatic. The proband's father died of
      pulmonary embolism at age 44 years and had mesenteric thrombosis at necropsy. The
      association of a plasma protein abnormality with visceral thrombosis is unusual
      and has never been observed previously with a dysfibrinogen. The qualitative
      abnormality is transmitted as an autosomal codominant and is tentatively
      designated, fibrinogen Irvine.

PMID- 4046055
TI  - Segmental epidural analgesia in labor: a matched control study.
AB  - The effects of epidural analgesia, given during the first stage of labor, on the
      course of labor, mode of delivery, and fetal outcome were evaluated in 43 matched
      controlled patients. Both stages of labor were prolonged, more forceps were
      applied, and more patients needed oxytocin augmentation for a longer period in
      the epidural group. Cesarean section was associated also with the use of epidural
      analgesia, owing to failure to progress. Fetal outcome was similar in both groups
      as judged by Apgar scores. Patients who elect this mode of pain relief in labor
      should be made aware that these side effects can be expected.

PMID- 4046056
TI  - Retroperitoneal pelvic lipoma.
AB  - A patient with a retroperitoneal pelvic lipoma is presented. Preoperative
      assessment with computed axial tomography led to the presumptive diagnosis of a
      fat-containing tumor. Management and differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal
      tumors are described.

PMID- 4046057
TI  - Erosion of the pump mechanism of an inflatable penile prosthesis through the
      scrotum in a diabetic patient.
AB  - The semirigid rod and the Scott inflatable penile prosthesis are the two types of
      penile prostheses currently available. Complications occur with both types, and
      herein is reported a case of extrusion of the pump mechanism of the inflatable
      model in a diabetic patient.

PMID- 4046058
TI  - Quality assurance through in-house hospital inspections.
AB  - Hospitals, particularly those that are teaching institutions, must function at a
      high level of efficiency and effectiveness if they are to render excellent
      patient care, maintain accreditation, and provide a sound environment for
      learning and research. An urban 500-bed teaching hospital found that conducting
      its own internal monthly inspections produced several benefits in the areas of
      patient care, infection control, maintenance, safety, and administration. This
      hospital's in-house inspections also reduced anxiety in preparing for visits from
      various licensing agencies and review boards. Generally, this hospital has found
      that an in-house inspection program is a valid means of quality assurance in all
      areas of hospital work.

PMID- 4046059
TI  - Health care in the 1980s.

PMID- 4046060
TI  - Computed tomography: detecting intra-abdominal abscesses.
AB  - Detection of intra-abdominal abscesses by computed tomography (CT) has an
      estimated accuracy rate of greater than 90 percent. Features helpful in detecting
      these abscesses include extraluminal gas, the "rind" sign, airfluid interface,
      and low and high density areas. The author presents three cases to illustrate the
      usefulness of this modality.

PMID- 4046061
TI  - Update in cancer chemotherapy: general considerations and breast cancer, Part I.
AB  - A general review of the current use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents in the
      treatment of common types of cancer and an update of the state of the art of
      chemotherapeutic treatment of the late and early stages of breast cancer in 1984
      are described. Since the introduction of effective cancer chemotherapy, important
      progress has been made in the control of cancer of the breast. Of the common
      tumors, breast cancer is the most responsive to a wide variety of cancer
      chemotherapeutic agents.In this two-part paper, Part I reviews the use of hormone
      therapy in the treatment of breast cancer; Part II, which will be published in a
      subsequent issue of the journal, will describe the use of nonhormonal treatment.

PMID- 4046062
TI  - Accidental falls among geriatric patients: can more be prevented?
AB  - The potential for accidental falls among geriatric patients is of mounting
      concern. Two hundred forty-one accidental falls over a 12-month period at the VA
      Medical Center were analyzed retrospectively and the literature reviewed in order
      to highlight factors that have bearing on the incidence and severity of falls. If
      a patient's potential for falling could be identified through a grading system
      based on these premonitory features, preventive measures might be more clearly
      focused where needed to reduce this frequent hazard in our hospital population.

PMID- 4046063
TI  - An analysis of deaths due to tuberculosis at the Lagos University Teaching
      Hospital.
AB  - An analysis was made of deaths from tuberculosis in the Lagos University Teaching
      Hospital from 1976 to 1980. Of the 320 patients assessed, 240 were determined to
      have died from tuberculosis. Tuberculous meningitis was the main cause of
      death.Forty-two percent of the deaths occurred in the age group of 0 to 10 years
      old, and 47.5 percent of the patients died within one week of diagnosis.
      Potentially avoidable factors contributing to death include late reporting by
      patients to medical personnel, lack of bacillus of Calmette and Guerin (BCG)
      vaccine, irregular taking of medications by patients, and late referral of
      patients to specialized hospitals. There is a need for improved education of
      patients and medical personnel about the management of tuberculosis in Lagos.

PMID- 4046064
TI  - Influence of total dose and dose rate in carcinogenicity studies.
AB  - One element of the ED01 Study contained a group of animals that were dosed with 2
      acetylaminofluorene for 9, 12, 15, 18, or 24 mo and then sacrificed at 18 or 24
      mo. This provided data to compare the relative effects on carcinogenicity of dose
      rate versus total dose. The prevalence of liver and bladder tumors were used as
      the comparison. Animals receiving similar total doses but over a different length
      of time (different dose rates) were compared at the 18- and 24-mo sacrifices.
      When the total doses were similar, the higher dose rates for shorter time periods
      induced a higher prevalence of tumors. Results were more consistent for bladder
      tumors than for liver tumors, although the same trends were noted for both
      endpoints. Those groups dosed at higher rates but for fewer months had a
      generally higher prevalence than those receiving similar total doses but at lower
      rates for more months. This data from the ED01 Study illustrates the importance
      of experimental design, dosing regime, length of study time, and age of the
      animals at time of dosing in respect of calculation of risk.

PMID- 4046065
TI  - Nuclear ploidy of neonatal rat livers: effects of two hepatic carcinogens (mirex
      and dimethylnitrosamine).
AB  - The effect of two hepatic carcinogens, dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) (genotoxic) and
      mirex (epigenetic), on polyploidization in 12-d-old neonatal rats was
      investigated by Coulter counteranalysis and [3H] thymodine uptake in isolated
      hepatic nuclear classes. DMN disturbed the normal ploidy development in the
      neonatal liver and the proportion of nuclei in the ploidy classes by inducing the
      premature formation of a significant population of tetraploids with a concomitant
      reduction in diploids. A great proportion of the replicative activity was present
      in tetraploid nuclei as measured by the incorporation of [3H] thymidine. The
      labeling index and number of mitoses were also increased. In contrast to DMN,
      mirex had no influence on polyploidization. The neonatal rats used in these
      studies thus offer an opportunity to investigate in vivo the mode of action of
      genotoxic versus epigenetic compounds with reference to their effect on DNA.

PMID- 4046066
TI  - Oral and intravenous trichloroethylene pharmacokinetics in the rat.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of trichloroethylene (TCE) was studied in male Sprague
      Dawley rats (300-350 g). TCE was administered intravenously and orally at doses
      of 5, 10, and 25 mg/kg to nonfasted rats and orally at 10 mg/kg to rats fasted
      for 8-10 h. The disappearance of TCE from the blood of intravenously dosed
      animals was best described by a two-compartment open pharmacokinetic model. The
      volume of the central compartment (Vc) approximated the rats' blood volume (50-70
      ml/kg). The volume distribution (V beta) and total body clearance (CLT) decreased
      with increase in dose. The terminal half-life (t1/2) was about 120 min and was
      not affected by increases in dose. TCE was rapidly absorbed after oral dosing,
      with blood concentrations peaking between 6 and 10 min. The oral to intravenous
      bioavailability of TCE was 60-80% in nonfasted animals. The terminal t1/2 in
      fasted, orally dosed rats was identical to that when fasted rats were given the
      same dose intravenously. In fasted rats, bioavailability of an oral dose was
      greater than 90%, and peak levels in the blood were 2-3 times as high as in
      nonfasted rats.

PMID- 4046067
TI  - Metabolites of 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene in monkey urine.
AB  - [14C(U)]-Labeled 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene was administered orally to squirrel
      monkeys. Urine was collected from these animals, pooled and analyzed for
      metabolites by thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography,
      and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. N-Acetyl-s-(2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenyl)
      cysteine was shown to be the major metabolite and accounted for 85% of the
      radioactivity found in urine. A minor metabolite was identified as 2,3,4,5
      tetrachlorophenol. This study demonstrates for the first time that an N-acetyl
      cysteine conjugate has been isolated and identified as metabolite of a
      chlorinated benzene. This pattern of chlorobenzene metabolism is significantly
      different from the one obtained with the rat and rabbit, where tetrachlorophenols
      constitute the major metabolites.

PMID- 4046068
TI  - Acetone potentiation of acute acetonitrile toxicity in rats.
AB  - The purpose of these studies was to investigate the nature and mechanism of a
      toxicologic interaction between acetonitrile and acetone. Results of oral dose
      response studies utilizing a 1:1 (w/w) mixture of acetonitrile and acetone, or
      varying doses of acetonitrile administered together with a constant dose of
      acetone, indicated that acetone potentiated acute acetonitrile toxicity three- to
      fourfold in rats. The onset of severe toxicity (manifested by tremors and
      convulsions) was delayed in the groups dosed with both solvents compared to the
      groups that received acetonitrile or acetone alone. Blood cyanide (a metabolite
      of acetonitrile) and serum acetonitrile and acetone concentrations were measured
      after oral administration of 25% aqueous solutions of acetonitrile, acetone, or
      acetonitrile plus acetone. Concentrations of cyanide in the blood of rats given
      acetonitrile plus acetone remained near baseline, in contrast to the high
      concentrations found in rats dosed with acetonitrile alone. At 34-36 h, high
      blood cyanide concentrations were found in rats dosed with both of the solvents.
      This delayed onset of elevation of blood cyanide coincided with the occurrence of
      clinical signs and with the disappearance of serum acetone. In further
      pharmacokinetic studies, blood cyanide concentrations were measured after similar
      dosage regimens of acetone and acetonitrile. Peak cyanide concentrations were
      found to be significantly greater in rats dosed with both solvents than in rats
      given only acetonitrile. Administration of either sodium thiosulfate or a second
      dose of acetone prevented the toxicity associated with exposure to both solvents.
      These results suggest that the effects of acetone on acetonitrile toxicity are
      due to a biphasic effect on the metabolism of acetonitrile to cyanide, that is,
      an initial inhibition followed by a stimulation of this metabolism upon acetone
      elimination.

PMID- 4046069
TI  - Dermal absorption and disposition of 1,3-diphenylguanidine in rats.
AB  - Dermal absorption, distribution, and metabolism of 1,3-diphenylguanidine (CAS 102
      06-7) (DPG), widely used as an accelerator in processing rubber and in food
      packaging, was studied in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. DPG shows 10%
      penetration through clipped back skin of the rats in 5 d. The first-order dermal
      absorption rate constant as determined by least square method was 0.021 +/- 0.002
      d-1 (T1/2 = 33.6 d). Approximately 13% of the absorbed dose remained in the body
      in 5 d. Retention in skin, muscle, liver, intestine and fat contributed most to
      the body burden of DPG-derived radioactivity in 5 d. All tissues showed tissue to
      blood ratios greater than 1, with liver and intestine ratios of 26 at 5 d.
      Approximately 61% of the absorbed dose was eliminated into urine and 27% into
      feces in 5 d showing rapid clearance of absorbed DPG from the body. High-pressure
      liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of urine revealed two major peaks [parent
      compound and metabolite(s)]. Within 72 h, approximately 50% of the DPG-derived
      radioactivity excreted in the urine was parent compound. After 72 h, the DPG
      derived radioactivity in the urine was present in the form of a single
      metabolite, and no parent compound was detected. No parent compound was detected
      in feces. Two metabolites, neither of which occurred in urine, were detected in
      feces. The HPLC analysis of the radioactivity at the application site showed only
      parent compound. Even though DPG shows slow dermal penetration, this route of
      exposure needs to be considered in the risk assessments because of the suspected
      chronic toxicity of DPG.

PMID- 4046070
TI  - Interaction of formaldehyde with glutathione in the isolated/ventilated perfused
      lung and the isolated perfused liver.
AB  - The interaction of formaldehyde (CH2O) with reduced glutathione (GSH) was
      evaluated in aqueous solution and in isolated perfused lungs and livers. Addition
      of CH2O (0-4.9 mM) to a solution of 0.17 mM GSH in 2 mM EDTA, pH 7.4, resulted in
      a time- and concentration-dependent depletion of GSH. Perfusion of livers with
      fortified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing 0.3-4.9 mM CH2O resulted in
      a dose-dependent depletion of GSH. Perfusion of isolated ventilated lungs with
      perfusate containing 4.9 mM CH2O resulted in a depletion of GSH to 75% of
      controls. However, lower concentrations of CH2O in the lung perfusate did not
      result in depletion of GSH. These results demonstrate that exposure to CH2O in
      aqueous solution or in the perfused lung and liver is capable of depleting
      endogenous GSH. However, the concentrations of CH2O required to yield a
      significant depletion of endogenous GSH exceed those encountered in vivo. Thus,
      it is unlikely that depletion of GSH by CH2O is a causal factor in formaldehyde
      induced toxicity.

PMID- 4046071
TI  - Preparation and dietary effects of ethoxyquin hydrochloride.
AB  - Ethoxyquin (EQ, 1,2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline) was purified and
      converted to a crystalline, stable ethoxyquin hydrochloride (EQ-HCl). The readily
      available (technical grade) oily EQ reacted with concentrated hydrochloric acid
      (HCl) and precipitated as a crystalline salt (EQ-HCl) in acetone, leaving most of
      the impurities in solution. The regenerated free base (EQ) from the EQ-HCl was
      further purified by silicagel column chromatography to remove several minor
      contaminants, and the pure unstable EQ was immediately converted into a pure
      stable salt (EQ-HCl). The dietary administration of EQ-HCl, 0.25 or 0.5% in the
      feed, induced hepatic and intestinal thiols in mice and provided protection
      against toxic doses of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. The LD50 values of the 0.125 and
      0.25% EQ-HCl-pretreated mice were 94.0 and 98.5 mg/kg, respectively, compared to
      that of controls, 71.3 mg/kg. The EQ-HCl-supplemented feed appeared to be more
      palatable, but other effects, such as the hepatic hypertrophy, the tissue thiol
      induction, and the protective effects, were comparable to those of unpurified EQ.

PMID- 4046072
TI  - Role of iron in jejunal uptake of cadmium in the newborn rat.
AB  - There is evidence that suckling animals and children have a greater capacity for
      intestinal transport of both essential and nonessential metals than do adults of
      the species. It has also been observed in experiments using adult animals that
      the intestinal transport of iron and the nonessential metal cadmium interact with
      one another. In the study reported here, the influence of tissue iron status on
      jejunal uptake of cadmium was investigated in suckling, adolescent, and young
      adult rats using an in situ incubation technique. In the presence of 0.4 mM
      FeSO4, intestinal uptake of cadmium was significantly decreased in 14-d-old pups.
      Access to an iron-deficient diet reduced tissue iron levels in 28- and 42-d-old
      but not in 14-d-old rats. Intestinal uptake of cadmium was significantly greater
      in 28- and 42-d-old rats placed on the iron-deficient diet but did not change in
      14-d-old rats compared to controls. In suckling rats injected with iron dextran
      over a six-d period, a significant decrease in intestinal uptake of both cadmium
      and iron was observed compared to controls. The results of the present study
      suggest that intestinal cadmium transport in the suckling, as well as the
      adolescent and young adult rat, interacts with, at least in part, the pathway
      responsible for iron transport.

PMID- 4046073
TI  - Development of mouse spinal cord in tissue culture: IV. Effects of embryonic
      extracts on neuron formation and migration.
AB  - Possible influences upon patterns of neurogenesis expressed in vitro were
      examined quantitatively by the use of microfragment cultures of embryonic day 10
      mouse neural tube. Crude extracts were prepared either from whole embryos (day 13
      or 15 of gestation) or from embryonic brains (day 18 of gestation) and added to
      the culture medium for the first 10 days of culturing. Neuronal outgrowth zones
      surrounding individual microfragments were reduced in area (indicating restricted
      neuronal migration) and in number of neurons present (indicating restricted
      production of neurons) following treatment with either of the extracts. The
      severity of reductions observed were related to the developmental age of
      embryonic tissue used for preparing the extract, as greatest reduction resulted
      from addition of embryonic day 18 brain extracts and to concentration employed,
      higher doses further restricting neuronal outgrowth. By increasing the
      concentrations of extract the proportional number of large-sized neurons forming
      the outgrowth zones became greater relative to the small neuron contribution,
      indicating an enhanced survival for this neuronal population. The formation and
      migration of astroglial precursor cells was not affected by the addition of any
      of the extracts. The number of neurons remaining within the original portions of
      neural tube microfragments was not significantly altered following culturing in
      the presence of embryonic extract. This suggested that the reduction in neuron
      number in the outgrowth zone actually reflected a decreased neuron production and
      was not simply the result of a retention of neurons within the remaining portion
      of the microfragment. The results suggest the presence of substances within mouse
      embryos that have regulatory effects on aspects of development of the central
      nervous system. Indications are that survival and maturation of postmitotic
      neuroblasts are promoted in vitro while the formation of additional neuronal
      progenitor cells may be partially inhibited by the addition of embryonic mouse
      extracts to the medium. We propose that an endogenous negative feedback mechanism
      may be involved in the coordination of patterns of neurogenesis.

PMID- 4046074
TI  - Effect of pyridoxine deficiency in young rats on high-affinity serotonin and
      dopamine receptors.
AB  - The high-affinity bindings of [3H]-5-hydroxytryptamine to serotonin S-1
      receptors, [3H]-ketanserin to serotonin S-2 receptors in the cerebral cortex,
      [3H]-fluphenazine to dopamine D-1 receptors, and [3H]-spiroperidol to dopamine D
      2 receptors in the corpus striatum were studied in pyridoxine-deficient rats and
      compared to pyridoxine-supplemented controls. There was a significant increase in
      the maximal binding (Bmax) of serotonin S-1 and S-2 receptors with a significant
      decrease in their binding affinities (Kd). However, there were no significant
      changes either in the maximal binding or binding affinity of striatal dopamine D
      1 and D-2 receptors. Receptor sensitivity seems to correlate negatively with the
      corresponding neurotransmitter concentrations in the pyridoxine-deficient rats.

PMID- 4046075
TI  - Response to gallamine: an indicator of diminished neuromuscular function in
      experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis.
AB  - A test for diminished neuromuscular function in animals with experimental
      autoimmune myasthenia gravis is described. Within minutes following an injection
      of gallamine triethiodide, mice exhibit a dramatic yet transient response which
      is dose-dependent. Mice previously inoculated with acetylcholine receptor are
      approximately twice as sensitive to gallamine as normal mice. Positive results
      have been found in over 80% of receptor-inoculated BALB/c mice and in 94% of
      C57Bl/6 mice.

PMID- 4046076
TI  - The use of indwelling ureteral stents in managing ureteral injuries due to
      external violence.
AB  - Eighteen consecutive cases of ureteral injury due to external violence occurring
      over a 6-year period were reviewed. The diagnosis of ureteral injury was made
      either preoperatively on an intravenous urogram, or intraoperatively using indigo
      carmine. No patient had an isolated ureteral injury. Four patients with ureteral
      contusions were managed expectantly and needed no further therapy. Eleven
      patients with ureteral lacerations underwent spatulated, interrupted anastomoses
      of absorbable suture and placement of Silastic double-J ureteral catheters and
      had prompt resolution of urinary drainage and normal urograms post stent removal.
      Two initially nonstented patients with lacerations required delayed ureteral
      stent placement for massive retroperitoneal urine leakage while one patient did
      well with simple ureteroureterostomy without stenting. The only important
      complication from the use of ureteral stents was limited to a single patient, who
      failed to return for followup and developed a staghorn calculus on the stent. The
      use of Silastic double-J ureteral catheters resulted in little morbidity and
      allowed: relatively maintenance-free care; an extra measure of safety in multiply
      injured patients; and early hospital discharge.

PMID- 4046077
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome in a scald burn victim.
AB  - A child with 12% total body surface area superficial and partial-thickness burns
      was admitted to the Oregon Burn Center. Within 48 hours of admission, signs and
      symptoms of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) were present including high spiking
      fevers, vomiting, diarrhea, hypotension, conjunctival hyperemia, and a diffuse
      macular erythroderma. Cultures of skin pustules and burn wounds grew
      Staphylococcus aureus. This strain has been shown to produce staphylococcal
      enterotoxin B (SEB). This case appears to be the first reported of toxic shock
      syndrome in a burn victim caused by staphylococcal enterotoxin B.

PMID- 4046078
TI  - Late surgical repair of ventricular septal defect due to nonpenetrating chest
      trauma: review and report of two contrasting cases.
AB  - Traumatic rupture of the interventricular septum is a rare condition usually
      presenting in infancy and childhood. This report describes two cases: a 3-year
      old boy operated on soon after the diagnosis was made, and a 15-year-old girl
      operated on 12 years following the causative accident. Both patients had the
      diagnosis confirmed by cardiac catheterization. The typical appearance of a
      traumatic ventricular septal defect (VSD) was seen during surgical repair that
      was successfully carried out in both patients. The protracted clinical course of
      the second patient, eventually requiring corrective intervention, contributes to
      the understanding of natural history of traumatic VSD.

PMID- 4046079
TI  - Fractures of the styloid process and stylohyoid ligament: an uncommon injury.
AB  - Fracture of an elongated styloid process or ossified stylohyoid ligament is
      uncommon. Neck or throat pain, decreased mobility, hoarseness, and mass in the
      neck are signs and symptoms of fracture. The inciting trauma may be as mild as
      yawning but more often blunt trauma of a serious nature, such as motor vehicle
      accident, is the cause. The diagnosis may be missed because of difficulty imaging
      the stylohyoid apparatus. Two cases are presented that demonstrate the
      variability of symptoms and trauma. Previous reports of similar injuries and
      selection of radiographic examinations, including computed tomography, are
      discussed.

PMID- 4046080
TI  - Trendelenburg versus PASG application in moderate hemorrhagic hypoperfusion.
AB  - In hemorrhagic hypoperfusion one of the therapeutic goals of pneumatic antishock
      garment (PASG) application is to increase cardiac output, presumably by
      augmenting venous return from below the diaphragm, an effect expected to be
      similar to Trendelenburg positioning. The purpose of this study was to compare
      the hemodynamic response of these two common therapeutic interventions in
      hemorrhagic hypoperfusion. Five anesthetized dogs were bled over 10 minutes 24%
      of measured blood volume on two separate days. At the beginning of hemorrhage,
      they randomly received either PASG application or Trendelenburg positioning. PASG
      pressures of 30 +/- 5 mm Hg were applied to produce an inferior vena cava
      pressure of 10-15 mm Hg. Such PASG pressure had been shown previously to not
      diminish cardiac output from PASG application. Mean arterial pressure was
      maintained throughout the experiment with both therapies. With PASG application,
      cardiac index was depressed and systemic vascular resistance was elevated at 10,
      20, and 30 minutes following hemorrhage. In contrast, Trendelenburg therapy
      maintained cardiac index and produced no significant increase in systemic
      vascular resistance index. Thus Trendelenburg therapy preserved mean arterial
      pressure primarily by maintaining cardiac output, probably by increasing venous
      return, whereas PASG application preserved mean arterial pressure primarily by
      increasing systemic vascular resistance. For treatment of moderate hemorrhagic
      hypoperfusion, Trendelenburg positioning may be superior therapy to PASG
      application.

PMID- 4046081
TI  - Limitations of computed tomography in the evaluation of acute abdominal trauma: a
      prospective comparison with diagnostic peritoneal lavage.
AB  - There has been recent enthusiasm for computed tomography (CT) to supplant
      diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) in the detection of abdominal injuries. We
      prospectively compared CT to DPL following acute blunt trauma or stab wound to
      the abdomen. Patients with hemodynamic instability or overt signs of
      intraperitoneal pathology underwent urgent laparotomy and were excluded from
      study. Those with indications for DPL had lavage catheter insertion via open
      technique and attempted aspiration for gross blood. This was followed by contrast
      CT of the abdomen with a Technicare 2010 scanner. Lavage fluid, when required,
      was then instilled, recovered, and analyzed. CT interpretations were made in a
      blind fashion by a single staff radiologist. Decision for laparotomy was based on
      clinical, DPL, and CT data. In blunt trauma (N = 65), DPL detected 5/5 (100%)
      injuries discovered at laparotomy and CT 2/5 (40%). Following stab wounds (N =
      35), DPL was true positive in 7/7 (100%) and CT in 1/7 (14.3%), with one false
      positive CT leading to negative laparotomy and one false positive DPL which
      prompted unnecessary celiotomy. Overall, the sensitivity of DPL was 100% versus
      25% for CT and specificity 98.9% for both DPL and CT. In particular, CT missed
      seven solid visceral (five liver, two spleen), five hollow visceral, one major
      vascular, and three diaphragmatic lesions requiring operative intervention. In
      our experience, CT demonstrated an alarming incidence of false-negative studies.
      Given the widespread variability of CT equipment and personnel we would argue
      strongly against the use of CT alone in the evaluation of acute abdominal trauma
      and continue to support DPL as the most accurate and reliable instrument of
      detection.

PMID- 4046082
TI  - The diagnostic superiority of computerized tomography.
AB  - One hundred three patients with blunt abdominal trauma were studied using
      computerized tomography (CT). By protocol CT was performed in hemodynamically
      stable adults either: before tap and lavage (T&L)--32 patients; after 'negative'
      (less than 20,000 RBC/mm3) or 'borderline' (20,000-50,000 RBC/mm3) lavage--28
      patients; or to evaluate hematuria--43 patients. CT was performed after
      administration of oral and intravenous contrast. A comparison of T&L and CT was
      made in 60 patients. 16 of 42 patients with negative lavage had 22 injuries
      identified by CT. One of these patients with bilateral renal artery transection,
      mesenteric and pararenal hematomas died of a closed head injury. Six of 14
      patients with borderline lavage results had nine injuries found on CT, including
      two with actively bleeding spleens confirmed at operation or angiography. One
      patient with a large retroperitoneal hematoma underwent successful control of
      hemorrhage by embolization. Only one injury, a paranephric hematoma found at
      operation was not identified preoperatively by CT. Seventeen of 85 patients with
      hematuria had GU abnormalities identified by CT. Findings included seven
      intrarenal hematomas or contusions, three fractures, three major renovascular
      injuries, four para- and six perinephric hematomas, and three collection system
      injuries with extravasation. The majority of these injuries were found in
      patients with more than 50 RBC/HPF; however, six of 47 patients with less than 20
      RBC/HPF had abnormalities including a retroperitoneal bladder perforation and a
      renal mass (hypernephroma). Two bladder perforations and one urethral injury were
      identified by CT cystogram. Abdominal CT is more sensitive and specific than T&L
      or IVP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4046083
TI  - Response of random skin flaps to rapid expansion.
AB  - We studied the physiologic accommodation of tissues to 5-day expansion in a
      porcine random flap model to assess the time taken to expand skin to provide
      early coverage of traumatic defects. Three 6 X 20 cm random flaps were outlined
      but not elevated on the backs of 12 small (20-kg) pigs. One flap was not
      manipulated (control). A 450-ml expander was inserted at the base of the second
      flap and left in place (sham). At the base of the third flap a 450-ml expander
      was inserted and sequentially filled to the limits of skin viability each day for
      5 days (expanded). Skin tension produced by the pressure of expansion and tissue
      oxygen (TpO2) in each flap were measured before and after each manipulation.
      Flaps were raised on day 8, and survival determined on day 15. Creation of the
      pocket reduced TpO2 to 55% of control values, expansion to 17.5% of control.
      Within 24 hours both sham and expanded had recovered to 80% of control values.
      After the second expansion, recovery from hypoxia was again almost complete after
      24 hours. Recovery after subsequent expansions was less complete, but 3 days
      after the final expansion there was no statistical difference between TpO2 values
      in expanded, sham, and control groups. High pressures generated in the flap by
      expansion also returned to near normal within 24 hours. Flaps utilizing expanded
      skin survived to greater length (14.2 cm) than did sham (11.6 cm) or control (7.2
      cm) flaps (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4046084
TI  - Reduced serum T4 and T3 and their altered serum binding after burn injury in
      rats.
AB  - Total T4 and T3 concentrations are often suppressed in burned patients. To
      investigate the significance of such changes, we have characterized serum T4 and
      T3 after full-thickness scald burns (60% body surface under anesthesia) of 270-gm
      male Sprague-Dawley rats housed in a light:dark cycle of 14:10 hr. Groups (N = 9
      15) of BURN, SHAM (anesthesia, fur clipped, no burn) and CON (controls) were
      sacrificed on postburn days 8 and 14. T4 and T3 (radioimmunoassay), free indices
      (FT4I and FT3I = respective total T4 or T3 X in vitro charcoal T3 uptake, T3U),
      and free concentrations (FT4 and FT3 = total T4 or T3 X respective equilibrium
      dialyzable fraction, T4DF or T3DF) were not different between CON and SHAM.
      Compared to SHAM, mean T4 and FT4I (by about 48% of respective SHAM means on both
      days), TT3 (by 36, 43%), and FT3I (by 38, 45%) (days 8, 14) were suppressed in
      BURN (all p less than 0.001). T4DF (both days) and T3DF (day 14) were
      significantly elevated in BURN, demonstrating a deficit in serum binding, but T3U
      was not. FT4 (by 26, 22%) and FT3 (by 33, 34%) (day 8, 14) were significantly
      lower in BURN. On either day, covariance analyses (BURN vs. combined CON + SHAM)
      correlated FT4I or FT3I with respective FT4 or FT3 (all p less than 0.001, slopes
      not different in BURN vs. CON + SHAM), but the lower FT4I and FT3I in BURN
      significantly overestimated (all p less than 0.001) the depression of respective
      FT4 and FT3 in BURN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4046085
TI  - The morbidity of injuries of the extra-hepatic biliary system.
AB  - Blunt and penetrating injuries of the extrahepatic biliary system are rare and
      appear to be increasing in frequency. The severe morbidity associated with these
      lesions is related to incomplete efforts at diagnosis and errors in therapeutic
      decisions. The morbidity may be minimized by a high index of suspicion and
      awareness of these lesions; complete exploration of all hematomas around the bile
      ducts to reduce the incidence of overlooked injuries; meticulous repair of
      tangential injuries; and primary biliary-enteric diversion for complete
      transection of the ducts. A knowledge of the various options in operative
      management is crucial since unexpected injuries are not uncommon.

PMID- 4046086
TI  - The significance of scapular fractures.
AB  - Scapular fractures in the multiply injured patient have received little
      attention. Fifty-six patients with 58 scapular fractures secondary to blunt
      trauma were reviewed. The patients averaged 3.9 major injuries excluding their
      scapular fractures. The injury pattern associated with blunt scapular fracture is
      unique. Patients with scapular fracture have a high incidence of injury to the
      ipsilateral lung and chest wall and to the ipsilateral shoulder girdle and its
      contained structures: rib fractures, 53.6%; pulmonary contusions, 53.6%;
      clavicular fracture, 26.8%; brachial plexus injury, 12.5%; subclavian, brachial,
      or axillary artery injury, 10.7%. Eight patients died (14.3%). Although no
      patient died from the scapular fracture, half of the deaths in this series were
      the result of pulmonary sepsis arising in an associated ipsilateral pulmonary
      contusion. Scapular fractures provide the trauma surgeon with a reliable clinical
      clue that the patient is at inordinate risk to have associated injuries of major
      consequence to the ipsilateral lung and chest wall, the ipsilateral shoulder
      girdle, and the ipsilateral subclavian, axillary, or brachial artery.

PMID- 4046087
TI  - A comparison of PTV and endotracheal ventilation in an acute trauma model.
AB  - Percutaneous transtracheal ventilation (PTV) is an active airway management
      technique that may be an alternative to cricothyroidotomy in critically injured
      patients. A canine trauma model was devised to compare the ventilatory capacity
      and hemodynamic effects of PTV to endotracheal intubation. Mongrel dogs (25-37
      kg), splenectomized 14 days previously, were anesthetized with pentobarbital and
      bled to a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 20 mm Hg. Animals were maintained at
      this MAP for 1 hour, then resuscitated with simultaneous: a) aortic crossclamping
      via left thoracotomy, b) Ringer's lactate infusion, and c) active airway support.
      Control animals (N = 5), intubated with a cuffed endotracheal tube, were
      ventilated at a rate of 12 per minute, a tidal volume of 500 cc and an FIO2 of
      60%. In study animals (N = 5), PTV, for a duration of 1 second, was instituted at
      the same rate and FIO2. There was no statistically significant difference between
      the two groups with regard to pO2, pCO2, pH, and hemodynamic parameters. PTV was
      also performed in the emergency department on four patients unresponsive to
      resuscitative thoracotomy for postinjury cardiac arrest. PTV rate was 12/minute;
      duration, 1 second; and FIO2, 100%. Mean values (+/- SEM) for pH, pO2, and pCO2
      obtained after 15 minutes of PTV were 7.14 +/- 0.03, 322 +/- 49.5 torr, and 21.5
      +/- 4.7 torr, respectively. PTV is comparable to endotracheal intubation with
      respect to oxygenation, ventilation and hemodynamic response (p greater than
      0.05). Our preliminary clinical study corroborates its efficacy in the acute
      trauma setting and supports further clinical investigation.

PMID- 4046088
TI  - Controlled comparison of radio wave regional hyperthermia and peritoneal lavage
      rewarming after immersion hypothermia.
AB  - Anesthetized random source dogs were cooled by ice-water immersion to a stable
      core temperature of 25 degrees C and subsequently rewarmed with normal saline
      peritoneal lavage (43 degrees C, 175 ml/kg/hr) or radio frequency electromagnetic
      induced regional hyperthermia (4-6 watts/kg). The mean time required for core
      rewarming to 30 degrees C was 183 +/- 79 minutes for lavage and 58 +/- 13 minutes
      for radio wave therapy (p less than 0.01). There was no evidence of tissue damage
      with either modality. These data suggest radio wave regional hyperthermia is
      superior to peritoneal lavage for core rewarming of rapidly induced immersion
      hypothermia.

PMID- 4046089
TI  - Immediate double hip spica immobilization as the treatment for femoral shaft
      fractures in children.
AB  - Fractures of the femur in children are usually the result of high-velocity
      injury. Older methods of treatment, i.e., prolonged traction, offer no advantage
      over early spica immobilization and markedly increase the hospitalization time
      and expense. It is recommended that traction be abandoned except in unusual
      circumstances.

PMID- 4046090
TI  - Renal trauma found during laparotomy for intra-abdominal injury.
AB  - Whether renal injury found during a laparotomy for intra-abdominal injury should
      have surgical or nonsurgical management is controversial. Five hundred twenty-one
      renal injuries were found during laparotomy for such injury in 513 patients.
      Blunt external trauma was the cause in 88%. A modified operating room table
      enabled performance of immediate intravenous pyelogram during the laparotomy.
      More severe degrees of renal injury (laceration, rupture, pedicle injury) were
      present in 135 (26%) of the renal injuries. Immediate surgical management of 102
      more severe renal injuries resulted in nephrectomies in 37 (36%), delayed renal
      surgery in one (0.9%), and renal salvage in five of 18 (27%) main renal artery
      and/or vein injuries. Nonsurgical management of the remaining 23 resulted in
      nephrectomies in three (13%), delayed renal surgery in six (26%), total renal
      loss in seven of seven (100%) main renal artery injuries and an overall
      nephrectomy/total renal loss rate of 39%. With immediate surgical management of
      the more severe degrees of renal injury there was a slight increase in the
      salvage of kidneys and a marked decrease in delayed renal surgery and morbidity.

PMID- 4046091
TI  - Where are we going now?

PMID- 4046092
TI  - Two approaches to family therapy with alcoholics: problem-solving and systemic
      therapy.
AB  - A significant proportion of the alcohol population continues to function within
      intact families. Two comparative family therapy approaches are described that
      have been used in treating alcoholics and their families. Problem-solving therapy
      focuses directly on the drinking and attempts to modify this through the active
      participation of family members. The Milan systemic approach aims to alter the
      family system's functioning and so effect change in the problem drinker.

PMID- 4046093
TI  - When the client is pregnant: information for counselors.
AB  - This article explores the issues raised by methadone maintenance during pregnancy
      with a focus on intervention techniques for the drug counselor. Establishing and
      maintaining the appropriate dose of methadone is discussed. Prenatal care issues
      are reviewed and the counselor is suggested as a liaison with traditional sources
      of prenatal care and education. Postpartum experiences in the intensive care
      nursery are presented and recommendations about breast feeding offered. Specific
      activities are suggested for the drug program.

PMID- 4046094
TI  - Preserving the character of Vermont for the good of the citizenry.

PMID- 4046095
TI  - The Alcohol and Drug Abuse Recovery Program of the C.F. Menninger Memorial
      Hospital.

PMID- 4046096
TI  - The Austin Family House Program.
AB  - Overall, the Austin Family House program attempts to integrate living
      environment, home structure, psychotherapy, education, casework, and AA, all
      surrounded by the love of a real family. What is completed in a few months is
      normally accomplished over a number of years. While no woman leaves Austin Family
      House completely "well," three out of four are well enough to continue to grow
      and mature independently.

PMID- 4046097
TI  - Female circumcision in Nigeria: a fact or a farce?

PMID- 4046098
TI  - Human milk banking.

PMID- 4046099
TI  - Post-diarrhoeal necrotizing enterocolitis in older infants.

PMID- 4046100
TI  - Congenital syphilis: a clinical profile.

PMID- 4046101
TI  - An assessment of the sequelae of untreated secretory otitis media in Nigerian
      children.

PMID- 4046102
TI  - Does health intervention ameliorate the effects of poverty related diseases? 1.
      Experience in rural south India.

PMID- 4046103
TI  - Comparison of infant mortality in the United States and Sweden.

PMID- 4046104
TI  - Abrupt weaning reconsidered: evidence from central Mexico.

PMID- 4046105
TI  - Delayed starting of breast feeding by rural Indian mothers.

PMID- 4046106
TI  - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Continuous arteriovenous
      hemofiltration.

PMID- 4046107
TI  - American Indian medicine aims to add physicians, improve health.

PMID- 4046108
TI  - Seeking 'Indian-acceptable' ways to fight hypertension.

PMID- 4046109
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Isolation of multiple antibiotic-resistant pneumococci.

PMID- 4046110
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Revised definition of persons who should refrain from
      donating blood and plasma.

PMID- 4046111
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Leading work-related diseases and injuries--United States.

PMID- 4046112
TI  - The transmission of HTLV-III.

PMID- 4046113
TI  - Sickle cell trait and splenic syndrome.

PMID- 4046114
TI  - Teflon and polytef.

PMID- 4046115
TI  - The Harvard way.

PMID- 4046117
TI  - Helicopter evacuations.

PMID- 4046116
TI  - False hope on drug availability.

PMID- 4046118
TI  - There are many ways to kill a resident: try house officer's headache or intern's
      neck.

PMID- 4046119
TI  - Costs of cancer screening.

PMID- 4046120
TI  - Densitometry of appendicular bone in osteoporosis.

PMID- 4046121
TI  - How free care reduced hypertension in the health insurance experiment.
AB  - In a controlled trial of the effects of medical insurance on spending and health
      status, we previously reported lower average (0.8 mm Hg) diastolic blood
      pressures with free care than with cost-sharing plans. We show herein that for
      clinically defined hypertensives, blood pressures with free care were
      significantly lower (1.9 mm Hg) than with cost-sharing plans, with a larger
      difference for low-income hypertensives than for high-income hypertensives (3.5
      vs 1.1 mm Hg), but similar differences for blacks and whites. The cause of the
      difference was the additional contact with physicians under free care; this led
      to better detection and treatment of hypertensives not under care at the start of
      the study. Free care also led to higher compliance by hypertensives with diet and
      smoking recommendations and higher use of medication by those who needed it.

PMID- 4046122
TI  - Prognostic importance of the white blood cell count for coronary, cancer, and all
      cause mortality.
AB  - The relationship of white blood cell count (WBC) to fatal and nonfatal coronary
      heart disease (CHD) incidence and all-cause and cancer mortality was assessed in
      a subset of participants in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT).
      For this group of 6,222 middle aged men, total WBC count was found to be strongly
      and significantly related to risk of CHD, independent of smoking status. Change
      in WBC count from baseline to the annual examination just prior to the CHD event
      was found to be a significant and independent predictor of CHD risk. For each
      decrease in WBC count of 1,000/cu mm the risk for CHD death decreased 14%,
      controlling for baseline WBC count and other CHD risk factors (smoking,
      cholesterol level, diastolic blood pressure). The WBC count was strongly related
      cross-sectionally to cigarette smoking and smoking status as indicated by serum
      thiocyanate concentration. Smokers on average had a WBC count of 7,750/cu mm
      compared with 6,080/cu mm for nonsmokers. The WBC count was also significantly
      associated with cancer death, independent of reported smoking and serum
      thiocyanate levels.

PMID- 4046123
TI  - Do oral contraceptives prevent rheumatoid arthritis?
AB  - Two studies have suggested that the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women using
      oral contraceptives is less than half that of nonusers. When a third study from
      the Mayo Clinic failed to confirm these findings, it was criticized for inclusion
      of ineligible subjects, misclassification of oral contraceptive use, and
      inadequate statistical power. Recent expansion of the Mayo Clinic's data
      resources provided a unique opportunity to resolve the controversy, and a new
      population-based case-control study was undertaken. In comparison with the
      previous study, the new investigation had 2.2 times as many eligible cases and
      more complete ascertainment of oral contraceptive use via access to the records
      of Planned Parenthood of Minnesota. Comparing any prior use of oral
      contraceptives with never having used them, the relative risk of rheumatoid
      arthritis estimated from 182 cases and their 182 matched controls was 1.1 (95%
      confidence interval 0.7 to 1.7). The relative risk for current use was 1.3 (95%
      confidence interval, 0.7 to 2.4). The lack of a protective effect was independent
      of age, disease severity, and disease end point (date of confirmed diagnosis or
      symptom onset).

PMID- 4046124
TI  - Is animal experimentation being threatened by animal rights groups?

PMID- 4046125
TI  - Regulation of animal experimentation.
AB  - This article examines the nature of the controversy between animal activists and
      the scientific community over the need for and desirability of additional
      regulation of animal experimentation. We critically review the existing federal
      and state regulatory environment and discuss a number of proposals for new
      federal legislation for regulating the use of animals in scientific
      experimentation. We identify and discuss three factors that encompass the issues
      that are at the core of the controversy and use these to suggest a conceptual
      framework in which to analyze schemes for regulating animal experimentation.
      Finally, we discuss the implications that such regulation will have for animal
      experimentation and conclude that it is neither necessary nor desirable.

PMID- 4046126
TI  - The use of cardiac pacemakers in medical practice. Excerpts from the report of
      the Advisory Panel. Council on Scientific Affairs.

PMID- 4046128
TI  - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Sperm penetration assay.

PMID- 4046127
TI  - Drug imprinting. 1984 update.

PMID- 4046129
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Update: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--Europe.

PMID- 4046130
TI  - Containing the AIDS epidemic.

PMID- 4046131
TI  - Medical education toward the 21st century.

PMID- 4046132
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome toxin.

PMID- 4046133
TI  - Phenytoin-dexamethasone: a possible drug-drug interaction.

PMID- 4046134
TI  - Plesiomonas gastroenteritis in Texas.

PMID- 4046135
TI  - Pregnancy and dysplastic nevus syndrome.

PMID- 4046136
TI  - Lead in dust and soil.

PMID- 4046137
TI  - Multifactorial primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in middle-aged men.
      Risk factor changes, incidence, and mortality.
AB  - In a randomized five-year multifactorial primary prevention trial of vascular
      diseases, hyperlipidemias, hypertension, smoking, obesity, and abnormal glucose
      tolerance of the high-risk test group (n = 612 men) were treated with dietetic
      hygienic measures and hypolipidemic (mainly probucol and clofibrate) and
      antihypertensive (mainly diuretics and beta-blockers) agents. A matched high-risk
      control group (n = 610) and a low-risk control group (n = 593) were not treated.
      The program markedly improved the risk factor status, yet the five-year coronary
      incidence tended to be higher in the intervention group than in the control group
      (3.1% vs 1.5%), while the stroke incidence was significantly reduced (1.3% vs
      0%). The coronary events tended to be accumulated in subgroups treated with beta
      blocking agents or clofibrate, but there were few in those receiving probucol or
      diuretics. Thus, the intervention program significantly reduced development of
      stroke, but the occurrence of cardiac events was not prevented. Possible adverse
      drug effects offsetting the probable benefit of improved risk profile are not
      excluded.

PMID- 4046138
TI  - Consensus conference. Electroconvulsive therapy.
AB  - Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment for severe mental illness in which
      a brief application of electric stimulus is used to produce a generalized
      seizure. In the United States in the 1940s and 1950s, the treatment was often
      administered to the most severely disturbed patients residing in large mental
      institutions. As often occurs with new therapies, ECT was used for a variety of
      disorders, frequently in high doses and for long periods. Many of these efforts
      proved ineffective, and some even harmful. Moreover, its use as a means of
      managing unruly patients, for whom other treatments were not then available,
      contributed to the perception of ECT as an abusive instrument of behavioral
      control for patients in mental institutions for the chronically ill. With the
      introduction of effective psychopharmacologic medications and the development of
      judicial and regulatory restrictions, the use of ECT has waned. The treatment is
      now used primarily in general hospital psychiatric units and in psychiatric
      hospitals. A National Institute of Mental Health hospital survey estimated that
      33,384 patients admitted to hospital psychiatric services during 1980 were
      treated with ECT, representing approximately 2.4% of all psychiatric admissions.
      Although ECT has been in use for more than 45 years, there is continuing
      controversy concerning the mental disorders for which ECT is indicated, its
      efficacy in their treatment, the optimal methods of administration, possible
      complications, and the extent of its usage in various settings. These issues have
      contributed to concerns about the potential for misuse and abuse of ECT and to
      desires to ensure the protection of patients' rights. At the same time, there is
      concern that the curtailment of ECT use in response to public opinion and
      regulation may deprive certain patients of a potentially effective treatment. In
      recent decades, researchers intensified efforts to establish the effectiveness of
      ECT and its indications, understand its mechanism of action, clarify the extent
      of adverse effects, and determine optimum treatment technique. Despite recent
      research effort yielding substantial information, permitting professional and
      public evaluation of the safety and efficacy of ECT, the investigation of ECT has
      not generally been in the mainstream of mental health research. To help resolve
      questions surrounding these issues, the National Institutes of Health in
      conjunction with the National Institute of Mental Health convened a Consensus
      Development Conference on Electroconvulsive Therapy from June 10 to 12,
      1985.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4046139
TI  - Levothyroxine overdose associated with seizures in a young child.

PMID- 4046140
TI  - Efforts aim at being more in touch with professions, public.

PMID- 4046141
TI  - Field staff: inspect, initiate enforcement, investigate.

PMID- 4046142
TI  - Working with virtually every federal agency.

PMID- 4046143
TI  - Fight against fraud tracks 'miracle cures'.

PMID- 4046144
TI  - Research resolves uncertainties of regulation.

PMID- 4046145
TI  - Reviewing new, very complicated drugs.

PMID- 4046146
TI  - Postmarketing follow-up: physicians have key role.

PMID- 4046147
TI  - Drug review, approval process changing.

PMID- 4046148
TI  - Keeping foods safe and labels honest.

PMID- 4046149
TI  - Veterinary center safeguards larger public.

PMID- 4046150
TI  - Medical devices sorted into classes, regulated.

PMID- 4046151
TI  - Contempo '85.

PMID- 4046152
TI  - Physicians address flying safety concerns with variety of actions.

PMID- 4046153
TI  - From the NIH. Looking at menopause's role in osteoporosis.

PMID- 4046154
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Rubella outbreaks in prisons--New York City, West Virginia,
      California.

PMID- 4046155
TI  - Differentiating dementia from normal.

PMID- 4046156
TI  - Sudden unexplained nocturnal deaths.

PMID- 4046157
TI  - Caffeine and benign breast disease.

PMID- 4046158
TI  - Sensitivity and specificity in silicone breast models.

PMID- 4046159
TI  - Gastric restrictive surgery for morbid obesity.

PMID- 4046160
TI  - Phlebitis associated with noninvasive 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitor.

PMID- 4046161
TI  - Vascular reactivity and panic attacks.

PMID- 4046162
TI  - Glucagon for propranolol overdose.

PMID- 4046163
TI  - Cardiac output by thermodilution.

PMID- 4046164
TI  - Myopia and scleral reinforcement: a sensitive nerve.

PMID- 4046165
TI  - Perioperative anesthetic risk of noncardiac surgery in hypertrophic obstructive
      cardiomyopathy.
AB  - To determine their perioperative risk, we reviewed the records of 35 patients
      with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy diagnosed by cardiac ultrasound and/or
      catheterization who underwent general (52) or spinal (four) anesthesia--a total
      of 56 major surgical procedures. There were no operative or related perioperative
      deaths and no significant ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Intraoperative or
      postoperative complications included: myocardial infarction with heart failure in
      one patient who also had coronary artery disease and was one of three patients
      who had spinal anesthesia, arrhythmia requiring therapy in eight, and angina
      during supraventricular tachycardia in one. We conclude that the risk of general
      anesthesia and major noncardiac surgery is low in patients with hypertrophic
      obstructive cardiomyopathy. Spinal anesthesia, which decreases systemic vascular
      resistance and increases capacitance, may be relatively contraindicated.
      Concomitant coronary artery disease may increase the risk.

PMID- 4046166
TI  - Disposal of low-level radioactive waste. Impact on the medical profession.
AB  - During 1985, low-level radioactive waste disposal has become a critical concern.
      The issue has been forced by the threatened closure of the three commercial
      disposal sites. The medical community has used radioactive isotopes for decades
      in nuclear medicine, radiation therapy, radioimmunoassay, and biomedical
      research. Loss of disposal capacity for radioactive wastes generated by these
      activities, by the suppliers of radioisotopes, and by pharmaceutical companies
      will have a profound impact on the medical profession.

PMID- 4046168
TI  - Academic dismissals: due process. Part I.

PMID- 4046167
TI  - Cost of orthopedic injuries sustained in motorcycle accidents.
AB  - Fifty-one serial admissions to the orthopedic services at the University of
      California, Davis, Medical Center, Sacramento, for motorcycle accident trauma
      with open fractures were reviewed. Fifty-five percent of those tested were
      alcohol intoxicated at the time of admission. Seventy-five percent carried no
      insurance of any kind, and for the total group, 72% of the cost of acute
      hospitalization (+17,704 per patient) was paid by the state of California, with
      an additional 10% paid by other tax-based sources. Care of motorcycle trauma
      consumes a substantial portion of public health care funds in California. This
      could be reduced by legislative action concerning helmet use, licensing, and
      rigid enforcement of compulsory insurance.

PMID- 4046169
TI  - Nutritional support in alcoholic liver disease.

PMID- 4046171
TI  - An evaluation of peripheral essential amino acid infusion following major
      surgery.

PMID- 4046170
TI  - Maintenance of skeletal muscle intracellular glutamine during standard surgical
      trauma.
AB  - Skeletal muscle glutamine (GLN) concentration falls following injury and
      infection. In an attempt to prevent this decline and to characterize its
      influence on the efflux of amino acid (AA) from skeletal muscle, we administered
      varying quantities of AA (0,2, and 4 g/kg X day) as saline or AA solutions with
      or without GLN enrichment to 22 postoperative dogs. Plasma and muscle AA were
      determined before and 24 hr after standard laparotomy. Hindquarter AA efflux was
      measured at 6 and 24 hr. Skeletal muscle nitrogen declined in saline controls
      (69.8 +/- 8.5 vs 52.8 +/- 8.4 mmol/liter; p less than 0.01), largely due to the
      fall in intracellular GLN (21.48 +/- 3.21 vs 15.86 +/- 3.80; p less than 0.05).
      Similar alterations were seen in the animals receiving 2 g/kg. However, both
      intracellular nitrogen and GLN were maintained in animals receiving 4 g/kg,
      whether the AA solutions contained GLN or not (skeletal muscle nitrogen before
      64.3 +/- 8.6 mmol/l vs 65.4 +/- 7.0 after, GLN 19.2 +/- 3.4 vs 19.9 +/- 3.0).
      Hindquarter AA efflux was reduced in those animals at 6 hr compared with saline
      treated animals (-6.52 +/- 1.8 and -7.70 +/- 5.90 vs -19.05 +/- 4.06 mumol/kg X
      min; p less than 0.05). Intracellular GLN can be maintained during operative
      stress with adequate nitrogen infusion. Replacing 50% of the balanced AA solution
      with GLN resulted in equally effective maintenance of intracellular GLN levels
      and a comparable reduction in skeletal muscle AA efflux. Preservation of normal
      intracellular GLN levels with adequate AA nutrition may be essential for the
      conservation of muscle protein.

PMID- 4046173
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of lenampicillin in oral and maxillofacial infections].
AB  - Clinical efficacies of newly developed synthetic oral ampicillin prodrug
      lenampicillin (LAPC, KBT-1585) applied to 109 cases of oral infection were
      studied. There were 7 dropout cases. The results as determined on a point system
      are as follow: Remarkably effective, 26 cases; effective, 63 cases; and not
      effective, 13 cases, for an efficacy rate of 87.3%. When rated by the subjective
      judgement of the doctors in charge, these figures are as follow: remarkably
      effective, 21 cases, effective, 67 cases; slightly effective, 10 cases; and not
      effective, 4 cases. The rate of efficacy in this way being 86.3%. In either way,
      the results obtained were favorable. Among 102 cases in this study, pus was
      aspirated with sterile needle from obstructed abscesses in 65 cases, with the
      result that 161 strains of bacteria were isolated and identified. Most of
      infections were found mixed type by aerobic Gram-positive cocci and anaerobes.
      Especially, cases caused by alpha-Streptococcus were observed in 48 out of 55
      mixed infective cases. LAPC's MIC distribution against the detected bacteria
      showed strong antibacterial effect as follows: against Gram-positive cocci, less
      than 0.39 micrograms/ml; against Gram-negative bacteria (excluding some
      insusceptible strains), less than 3.13 micrograms/ml. Thus, LAPC demonstrated a
      superiority when compared to CEX by 4 approximately 128-fold, and when compared
      to AMPC by about 2-fold. Adverse reactions among the 109 cases consisted of 6
      cases of gastro-intestinal disorders including 3 cases of diarrhea. Recognized
      cases of abnormal laboratory findings were 3 cases out of 76 (3.9%), but none
      were serious.

PMID- 4046172
TI  - [Clinical studies on lenampicillin in the therapy of skin and soft tissue
      infections].
AB  - Clinical evaluation of newly developed oral ampicillin prodrug lenampicillin
      (LAPC, KBT-1585) applied to patients with superficial purulent infection at a
      dosage of 750 approximately 1,500 mg daily was conducted. Additionally, as part
      of the basic study, transition of the compound to the human skin tissue was
      observed. With regard to transition to human skin tissue in 11 presurgery
      dermatitis cases, 250 mg or 500 mg of LAPC was administered to 2 approximately 3
      hours before surgery. Comparison was made between concentrations in serum and in
      skin tissue. Results in the case of 250 mg application showed serum concentration
      to be 1.28 approximately 3.32 micrograms/ml, and in skin tissue, 0.13
      approximately 0.82 micrograms/g. At 500 mg, serum concentration was found to be
      2.23 approximately 10.05 micrograms/ml, with skin tissue concentration at 0.45
      approximately 1.34 micrograms/g. Rate of clinical efficacy in the treatment of
      the 183 cases of superficial purulent infection was 79.2%. By grouping of the
      infections (Table 3), high efficacy rates were obtained in the second group, at
      85.7%; in the third at 88.9%; and in the fourth group at 96.4%. Evaluation of
      usefulness from the standpoint of safety was 77.6%. Good results were obtained in
      the third group with 88.9%; and in the fourth group with 96.4%. LAPC's efficacy
      rates against individual strains of bacteria in simple infection are as follows:
      Staphylococcus aureus, 74.6%; Staphylococcus epidermidis, 76.3%; GPC, 100%;
      anaerobes, 87.5%. In polymicrobial infections the rate was 84.6%. The rate of
      efficacy against all strains of bacteria was 76.0%. Adverse reactions were found
      in 13 cases (14 incidences) out of 193. The rate of incidence was 7.3%, with
      allergic response accounting for 5 cases, digestive tract disorders, 7 cases, and
      mouth odor, 1 case. There were 5 cases (6 incidences) of abnormal deviation of
      laboratory findings. In all cases, abnormal deviations were mild and their
      relation to the drug was unclear.

PMID- 4046174
TI  - [A clinical study on the penetration of aspoxicillin into tissue and wound
      exudates in breast cancer].
AB  - Penetration of aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new semisynthetic penicillin of broad
      spectrum, into normal and cancer tissue and wound exudate were examined in breast
      cancer. ASPC was administered by single injection of 1 or 2 g. The concentration
      of ASPC in the resected skin, normal mammary gland and cancer were similar to
      their serum levels, when ASPC was administered before radical mastectomy. ASPC
      concentration in the wound exudate which was collected from the inserted drains
      into the resected area reached the maximum at 3 approximately 4 hours after the
      injection at the levels of 19.4 micrograms/ml (1 g) and 35.1 micrograms/ml (2 g).
      The level decreased gradually by maintained still high at 3.7 micrograms/ml (1 g)
      and 11.4 micrograms/ml (2 g) even 8 hours after the injection. From these results
      it may be expected that ASPC is a useful penicillin in the breast surgery.

PMID- 4046175
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of sisomicin following intravenous drip infusion in
      respiratory tract infections].
AB  - The efficacy, safety and utility of sisomicin (SISO) followed intravenous
      infusion were evaluated in 35 cases with various respiratory infections. For many
      cases, SISO was given at a daily dosage of 100 mg, and a single dose was infused
      over about 1 hour. Clinical efficacy was evaluable in 28 cases including
      pneumonia (14 cases), bronchitis (8 cases), bronchiectasis (4 cases), pulmonary
      suppuration (1 case) and pulmonary abscess plus pyothorax (1 case). Almost cases
      had diagnosis of serious infection associated with various diseases. Clinical
      efficacy was evaluated as "excellent" in 2 cases, "good" in 15 cases, "fair" in 5
      cases and "poor" in 6 cases, and efficacy rate in total case was 60.7%. Efficacy
      rate stratified by disease was calculated as 57.1% in pneumonia, 87.5% in
      bronchitis, 50.0% in bronchiectasis. Responses against pulmonary suppuration or
      pulmonary abscess with pyothorax were little or not. Bacteriologically, organisms
      isolated from sputum cleared in 7 out of 15 evaluable cases, thus the responses
      rate was 46.7%. Adverse reaction probably due to treatment observed in 2 cases
      with hepatic dysfunction. Blood levels of SISO at the end of infusion were ranged
      from 2.1 to 6.4 micrograms/ml, and no tendency of accumulation in blood after
      repeated infusion was showed.

PMID- 4046176
TI  - Serum concentration of sisomicin by intravenous infusion and its clinical
      response as a single agent.
AB  - SISO in doses of 1.0 to 1.8 mg/kg was administered by a 30-minute intravenous
      infusion every 12 hours to 10 patients with infections, 9 of whom had underlying
      diseases including malignant diseases, diabetes mellitus, and diabetes insipidus
      with indwelling FOLEY catheter. The serum concentration of SISO was around 6.75
      micrograms/ml in the end of infusion, and less than 1.0 micrograms/ml at 8 to 12
      hours after infusion. SISO was given to the patients as a single agent for at
      least 3 to 5 days and all patients experienced an excellent to good response
      clinically, and causative organisms which showed a minimal inhibitory
      concentration of less than 1.56 micrograms/ml disappeared after the treatment
      associated with clinical improvement. There were no untoward effects noted in
      this study.

PMID- 4046177
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations of micronomicin by intravenous drip
      infusion].
AB  - The safety and pharmacokinetics of micronomicin (MCR) by intravenous drip
      infusion were evaluated and the intravenous drip infusion of MCR was carried out
      on several cases on which the blood levels and clinical usefulness of MCR were
      investigated. Five healthy adult male volunteers received by crossover method 1
      hour intravenous drip infusion of MCR in doses of 60 and 120 mg and intramuscular
      injection in a dose of 120 mg. The mean highest serum level was 6.3 micrograms/ml
      by intravenous drip infusion of 60 mg, 10.7 micrograms/ml by intravenous drip
      infusion of 120 mg, and 10.3 micrograms/ml by intramuscular injection of 120 mg.
      Serum levels of MCR were similar for intravenous drip infusion and intramuscular
      injection of 120 mg of MCR. The biological serum half-lives of MCR were 2.15
      hours by 1 hour intravenous drip infusion of 60 mg, 2.54 hours by 1 hour
      intravenous drip infusion of 120 mg, and 1.59 hours by intramuscular injection of
      120 mg. The mean urinary recovery rates within 24 hours after administration were
      74.3% by 1 hour intravenous drip infusion of 60 mg, 59.6% by 1 hour intravenous
      drip infusion of 120 mg, and 64.9% by intramuscular injection of 120 mg, the
      results being nearly consistent. In all treatment groups, MCR could be safely
      administered. Intravenous drip infusion of MCR in a dose of 60 or 120 mg once or
      twice a day was conducted on a total of 6 cases consisting of 2 cases of
      pneumonia and 4 cases of urinary tract infections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4046178
TI  - [Clinical studies on cefoxitin in the prevention of postoperative infections and
      the treatment of postoperative pulmonary and urinary tract infections].
AB  - This clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy, safety and patient
      tolerance of cefoxitin (CFS) in 46 patients who were admitted to the hospitals
      from June 1983 to April 1984. The daily doses of CFX for 34 patients (ages ranged
      from 6 to 75 years old) were 2 to 8 g to prevent the infections and for 12
      patients (ages ranged from 55 to 81 years old) were 2 to 6 g to treat the
      infections by intravenous drip infusion 1 or 3 times a day in divided doses. The
      following results were obtained. All of 34 patients with intracranial operation
      who received CFX for prevention of postoperative infections showed good results.
      Of 12 patients with postoperative pneumonia, infections of urinary tract and late
      meningitis, 11 patients showed good results. One patient was discontinued on the
      3 days because of the drug eruption which improved 3 days after. The side effect
      was noted in only 1 patient. This was eruption which improved 3 days after the
      stop of the administration. The influences to the laboratory data due to CFX were
      not recognized. The results of this study demonstrated that CFX was an excellent
      drug for the prevention and treatment of the postoperative infections in the
      neurosurgical field because of high efficacy rate and safety.

PMID- 4046179
TI  - [A clinical study of cefoperazone in surgery. Prevention of postoperative
      infections and transfer into pleural effusion].
AB  - A clinical study of cefoperazone (CPZ) in the surgery (on the prevention
      postoperative infections and transfer into pleural effusion) was conducted to
      obtain results as follows. As for the blood concentration after a 30-minute drip
      infusion of CPZ 2 g, it was 115.6 +/- 19.88 micrograms/ml (Mean +/- S.E.) 1 hour
      after completion of the administration. The biological half-life was 2.16 hours.
      The pleural effusion concentration of CPZ showed 33.3 +/- 7.86 micrograms/ml 2
      hours after completion of the administration, which was enough to inhibit the
      growth of bacteria isolated from sputum and pleural effusion. The excretion was
      very slow. As for the effectiveness of CPZ for prevention of postoperative
      infection, CPZ proved effective in all of 8 cases. Specific side-effects were not
      observed. Thus, the usefulness of this preparation was confirmed.

PMID- 4046180
TI  - [Penetration of cefotaxime into human cerebrospinal fluid].
AB  - The penetration of cefotaxime (CTX) into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was
      monitored to evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of the drug against post
      craniotomy infections. Doses ranged from 1 to 2 g were administered to patients
      with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to the rupture of cerebral aneurysm, traumatic
      cerebral contusion, or subdural edema accompanied by intracerebral hemorrhage, by
      intravenous drip infusion over a period of 30 or 60 minutes. CTX readily entered
      the CSF with concentrations exceeding MICs against the major pathogens occurring
      after craniotomy. CTX proved to be effective in the prevention of post-craniotomy
      infections in noninflammatory situations, especially after surgery in the case of
      cerebral traumas or subarachnoid hemorrhage.

PMID- 4046181
TI  - [Superiority of biopsy to aspiration for detecting bone marrow involvement in
      malignant lymphomas].

PMID- 4046182
TI  - [Plasma cell leukemia of Bence-Jones (lambda) type].

PMID- 4046183
TI  - [Chronic lymphocytic leukemia associated with multiple myeloma].

PMID- 4046184
TI  - [A case of severe iron deficiency anemia with normochromic, normocytic
      erythrocytes at the first visit and neutropenia, shortened life span of
      erythrocytes].

PMID- 4046185
TI  - [Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) associated with pregnancy. Report of a
      case].

PMID- 4046186
TI  - [Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Report of two cases treated with success].

PMID- 4046187
TI  - [Castleman lymphoma associated with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia].

PMID- 4046188
TI  - [Classification of toxic hepatitis by causative agents].

PMID- 4046189
TI  - [Pathology of toxic hepatitis].

PMID- 4046191
TI  - [Pathophysiology and clinical aspects of DIC--current status and problems].

PMID- 4046190
TI  - [Toxic hepatitis induced by vitamin A].

PMID- 4046192
TI  - [Blood vessels and disseminated intravascular coagulation].

PMID- 4046193
TI  - [The liver and disseminated intravascular coagulation].

PMID- 4046194
TI  - [The digestive system and disseminated intravascular coagulation].

PMID- 4046195
TI  - [The skin and disseminated intravascular coagulation].

PMID- 4046196
TI  - [Pregnancy and disseminated intravascular coagulation].

PMID- 4046197
TI  - [Hemorheology and disseminated intravascular coagulation].

PMID- 4046198
TI  - [Diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation].

PMID- 4046199
TI  - [Factors influencing the prognosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation].

PMID- 4046200
TI  - [The brain and disseminated intravascular coagulation].

PMID- 4046202
TI  - [New diagnostic methods for abnormal immune status. Introduction].

PMID- 4046201
TI  - [Pathology of the intrahepatic bile duct system].

PMID- 4046203
TI  - [Analysis of lymphocyte subsets].

PMID- 4046204
TI  - [Flow cytometric evaluation of neutrophil functions].

PMID- 4046205
TI  - [Analysis of urinary lipids. (II)].

PMID- 4046206
TI  - [Anomalous LDH isozyme patterns caused by M-protein].

PMID- 4046207
TI  - [Urinary trypsin inhibitor in cancer patients].

PMID- 4046208
TI  - Stimulation of epidermal growth by the egg white and yolk.
AB  - It was found that white and yolk of the egg stimulated DNA synthesis of chick
      embryo epidermal culture. The epidermis cultured with yolk grew well in a manner
      similar to that with chick embryo extract, but the culture with egg white was
      poorer in growth than that with yolk. The mitogenic activity of egg white was
      inactivated by a heat treatment at 70 degrees C, while yolk was more heat
      resistant. A heat-stable yolk fraction (hY fraction) which stimulated DNA
      synthesis of chick embryo epidermis was isolated by heat treatment at 98 degrees
      C. The mitogenic activity was enhanced by the addition of both egg white and hY
      fraction in the culture medium. The enhancement of epidermal growth by such an
      addition was confirmed by histological observations of the cultured epidermis. In
      embryonic skin, the growth and differentiation of epidermis is influenced by the
      nature of mesenchyme is proximity to the epidermal cells. The epidermis isolated
      from dermis does not grow or differentiate when cultivated in a chemically
      defined medium, although the tissue in whole skin does grow in the same medium.
      However, the isolated epidermis proliferates on non-living substrate such as
      membrane filter or collagen gel when cultured in a medium which contains chick
      embryo extract. This epidermal growth promoting property of chick embryo extract
      is inactivated by heat treatment or trypsin digestion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4046209
TI  - Inhibitory effect of chloroquine on concanavalin A internalization into cell
      monolayer culture.
AB  - When cultured rat hepatoma cells (R-Y121B) were incubated with insulin in the
      presence of chloroquine at 25 degrees C, chloroquine increased both insulin
      binding to the cell surface and its internalization into cells. In addition, in
      order to elucidate whether or not the effect of chloroquine on insulin receptors
      is specific, concanavalin A binding to the cells was examined in the presence or
      absence of chloroquine, since insulin receptors have concanavalin A binding
      sites. When the cells were incubated with concanavalin A in the presence of
      chloroquine, this drug decreased concanavalin A internalization in a dose
      dependent manner: The inhibitory effect of chloroquine on concanavalin A
      internalization was evident at a concentration as low as 0.05 mM, and increased
      up to 0.5 mM. The effect of chloroquine was not related to the degradation of
      concanavalin A incubated with cells. When the cells were incubated with
      concanavalin A at 4 degrees C in the presence of chloroquine even at 0.5 mM, the
      inhibitory effect of chloroquine was not observed. It is concluded that the
      behavior of insulin receptors in the presence of chloroquine is different from
      that of concanavalin A receptors, although insulin receptors have concanavalin A
      binding sites. Chloroquine apparently increases insulin binding to cells in
      vitro, and this is due to the effect of chloroquine on insulin-receptor
      recyclization to which lysosome contributes [16, 31, 32]; this drug inhibits the
      function of lysosome which digests insulin-receptor complexes and eventually
      insulin bound to its receptors is accumulated in intracellular
      compartments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4046210
TI  - Analysis of immunoglobulin G/albumin ratios by a competitive ELISA in the serum
      and in the cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits with experimental allergic
      encephalomyelitis.

PMID- 4046211
TI  - Glomerular epithelium as the main locus of erythropoietin in human kidney.

PMID- 4046212
TI  - Detection of incompletely sialylated human chorionic gonadotropin by peanut
      agglutinin in choriocarcinoma.
AB  - Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in normal pregnancy and hydatidiform mole did
      not bind to the peanut agglutinin (PNA)-Sepharose column, whereas significant
      amount of hCG in choriocarcinoma adsorbed to the column. Therefore, PNA-Sepharose
      affinity chromatography is an effective tool for the detection of desialylated
      hCG and may be useful also for the diagnosis of choriocarcinoma.

PMID- 4046213
TI  - [Pathology of thrombosis].

PMID- 4046214
TI  - [Diseases and causes of death in the aged--based on the Hisayama Study].

PMID- 4046215
TI  - [The effect of aging on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tolbutamide].

PMID- 4046216
TI  - [Hypothermia in the Japanese elderly].

PMID- 4046217
TI  - [Effects of smoking on brain aging. I. Cerebral blood flow and smoking--a study
      with the 133-xenon inhalation method].

PMID- 4046218
TI  - [Intracranial hemorrhage caused by metastatic tumors].

PMID- 4046219
TI  - [The present status of accidental hypothermia in Japan (1)].

PMID- 4046220
TI  - [The 27 annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Nephrology. Abstracts].

PMID- 4046221
TI  - Theory and methodology of vitreous fluorophotometry.
AB  - The technique of vitreous fluorophotometry is discussed with particular reference
      to the uncertainty in the measurements resulting from instrumental and biological
      factors. The methods proposed for reducing the interference from these factors
      are explained. Various optical systems for carrying out the measurements are
      described. The suggestion is made that the technique could be much more accurate
      and safe if fluorescein was replaced by a dye which fluoresced at longer
      wavelengths and was more rapidly eliminated from the blood.

PMID- 4046222
TI  - Fluorophotometry in juvenile-onset diabetes: long-term follow-up.
AB  - Sequential ocular fluorophotometry was performed on 59 patients with juvenile
      onset, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Elevated vitreous fluorescein
      concentrations (greater than or equal to 6 ng per ml) occurred at study entry in
      76% of the 59 patients and in 70% of the 46 diabetic patients without
      retinopathy. None of the 27 control subjects had a vitreous reading of this
      magnitude. At the conclusion of the study, 10 of the 46 patients originally
      without retinopathy developed Grade 1 retinopathy. In addition, 6 of the original
      13 patients with retinopathy showed progression of their disease. A high (greater
      than or equal to 12 ng per ml) vitreous fluorescein concentration which occurred
      in 17 patients was associated with the presence as well as progression of
      diabetic retinopathy. A similar association was found for a simultaneous high
      vitreous and aqueous (greater than or equal to 100 ng per ml) fluorescein
      concentration.

PMID- 4046223
TI  - Vitreous fluorophotometry in aphakic or pseudophakic eyes with persistent cystoid
      macular edema.
AB  - By vitreous fluorophotometry, the degree of disruption of the blood-vitreous
      barrier was studied in 16 aphakic or pseudophakic eyes with persistent cystoid
      macular edema (CME) and 11 aphakic or pseudophakic eyes without CME;
      postoperative periods ranged from 7 to 22 months in both groups. The rate of
      fluorescein penetration into the vitreous was determined within 30 minutes after
      intravenous injection. It represented the permeability of the blood-vitreous
      barrier and averaged 10.28 +/- 4.52 (SD) X 10(-6) min-1 in eyes with CME and 3.05
      +/- 1.21 X 10(-6) min-1 in eyes without CME; the difference between the two
      groups was statistically significant (P less than 0.002, Student t-test). The
      peak fluorescein concentration in the mid-vitreous (Cv) was determined and the
      concentration of free fluorescein in the blood serum (Cs) at the corresponding
      time was also estimated: the Cs/Cv ratio represented the balance between the
      inward and outward transport of fluorescein across the blood-vitreous barrier.
      The Cs/Cv ratio was 7.91 +/- 2.94 in eyes with CME and 12.91 +/- 3.68 in eyes
      without CME: the difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). In
      6 eyes with the Cs/Cv ration of 5.0-9.2 the condition of CME deteriorated or
      remained unchanged during the follow-up of 4-8 months, but in 4 eyes with the
      ratio of 9-14.2 CME showed an improvement during the same period. In 3 eyes with
      vitreous tug syndrome, anterior vitrectomy improved the ratio from an average of
      4.8 to 17.4. It was concluded that a functional disturbance of the blood-vitreous
      barrier underlies the development of persistent CME.

PMID- 4046224
TI  - Pericentral pigmentary retinal degeneration.
AB  - We studied five patients with pericentral pigmentary retinal degeneration, whose
      fundus lesions were bilateral, symmetrical grayish zones with pigments
      surrounding the macular region. All showed good visual acuity, normal color
      vision, mild deterioration of scotopic electroretinographic response, normal
      photopic electroretinographic response, subnormal electrooculogram and
      paracentral ring scotoma. The fluorescein angiography demonstrated
      hyperfluorescent dots around the macula. Their family history was
      noncontributory. The retinal lesions showed only very slow progression.

PMID- 4046225
TI  - Gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina complicated by vitreous hemorrhage.
AB  - We describe two patients with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina who
      suffered from vitreous hemorrhages in adolescence. The diagnosis of gyrate
      atrophy was confirmed biochemically and clinically; hyperornithinemia and a
      deficiency of ornithine ketoacid transaminase were confirmed biochemically.
      Typical fundus changes of scalloped chorioretinal atrophies with sharp margins,
      deteriorated dark adaptation, non-recordable electroretinogram, flat
      electrooculogram, and constricted visual fields were noted. We believe that the
      vitreous hemorrhage is an ocular complication in this disorder.

PMID- 4046226
TI  - Myoastrocytes in vitreous membrane in nontraumatic giant retinal tear.
AB  - Ten cases with giant retinal tear and subsequent tractional retinal detachment
      were classified into three groups; 6 cases with nontraumatic origin, 2 cases due
      to blunt trauma and 2 cases due to posterior penetrating trauma. Open sky
      vitrectomy was performed and a total of 42 specimens of vitreous membranes were
      removed during surgery. The vitreous membranes of each group were studied by
      electron microscopy and the cellular elements were compared among these groups.
      In all three groups, five types of cells were observed, ie, retinal pigment
      epithelial cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and astrocytes.
      However, only in nontraumatic cases were found cells of another type which
      contained both glial filaments with the diameter of 9 nm and actin-like filaments
      with the diameter of 4 nm in their cytoplasm; they were called myoastrocytes from
      their cytoplasmic characteristics. Other cytoplasmic elements of the
      myoastrocytes were deeply indented nuclei, endoplasmic reticulum and pseudopodia
      with large cytoplasm. The myoastrocytes were considered to contribute to the
      contraction of the proliferative membrane in the eye with nontraumatic retinal
      tear, as the myofibroblasts do in the eye with traumatic retinal tears.

PMID- 4046227
TI  - Biochemical studies on the use of sodium hyaluronate in the anterior eye segment.
      III. Histological studies on distribution and efflux process of 5
      aminofluorescein-labeled hyaluronate.
AB  - 5-aminofluorescein-labeled hyaluronate was injected into the anterior chamber of
      rabbit eyes, and its distribution in the anterior segment and efflux process from
      the chamber were investigated. At an early stage after the injection,
      fluorescence was observed in the iris and corneo-scleral junction. The labeled
      hyaluronate in the lysosome separated from the iris had been degraded remarkably
      at this stage. These results suggest that the labeled hyaluronate injected into
      the chamber is eliminated not only through the aqueous plexus/sinus of the
      chamber angle but also through the iris and corneo-scleral junction by digestion
      with lysosomal hyaluronidase in the iris. On the other hand, fluorescence was
      observed at and after 12 hours in the corneal stroma. This finding means that a
      part of the labeled hyaluronate that had been distributed in the corneo-scleral
      junction permeated into the central part of the cornea through the extracellular
      space of the corneal stroma. Fluorescence could not be detected in the lens and
      ciliary body at any period after the injection.

PMID- 4046228
TI  - Methods of argon laser trabeculoplasty, complications and long-term follow-up of
      the results.
AB  - Argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) was performed on 125 eyes with primary open
      angle glaucoma (POAG) and 32 eyes with capsular glaucoma; all eyes were surgical
      candidates where maximum tolerable medication had failed to control the
      intraocular pressure (IOP) below 20 mmHg. There were 93 eyes of men and 64 eyes
      of women, in the age range from 20 to 84 years. Three methods were used: Group 1,
      36 eyes treated with about 100 laser shots to the trabecular pigment band over
      360 degrees; Group 2, 84 eyes with about 50 shots to the pigment band over 180
      degrees; and Group 3, 37 eyes with similar treatment to the anterior part of the
      trabecular band. The frequency of the initial IOP rise and the maximum
      postoperative IOP level were in the order of Groups 1, 2 and 3. Other
      complications, iritis, hemorrhage and peripheral anterior synechiae, were most
      frequent in Group 1. The success rate of the postoperative IOP control below 20
      mmHg with continued medication was analyzed by the life-table method: It was 39
      +/- 8% over the period averaging 39 months in Group 1, 66.5 +/- 6% over 17.3
      months in Group 2, and 33.7 +/- 15% over 8.1 months in Group 3. The ALT over 180
      degrees aimed at the pigment band gave better IOP control with less complications
      than 360 degrees ALT. The success rate in the eyes of Group 2 was 57 +/- 6% and
      94 +/- 6% in POAG and capsular glaucoma, respectively. The IOP distribution after
      the ALT had a peak at 16-17 mmHg; the IOP was lower than 15 mmHg in about 21% of
      the eyes. Concurrent IOP measurement and tomography revealed that the IOP
      reduction after ALT was due largely to a reduction of the outflow resistance in
      the aqueous outflow channel.

PMID- 4046230
TI  - Functional visual field of patients with visual field loss.
AB  - To assess the capability of perceiving forms in patients with visual field loss,
      a concept of functional visual field was introduced based on determinations of
      the time required for pattern recognition. Two series of stimulus patterns were
      made of Japanese syllabic hiragana characters drawn with black dots in the
      background of open circles of various sizes: the clear stimulus had only open
      circles in the background and the noisy stimulus had black dots scattered in the
      background. The stimuli were presented for various durations to 15 normal
      subjects and 25 patients with narrowed visual field; a correlation of the
      percentages of correct pattern recognition with the stimulus durations permitted
      calculations of the 50% recognition time. The recognition time was longer with
      the noisy than with the clear stimuli. The recognition time with a given stimulus
      size was longer in patients than in normal subjects. In 3 normal subjects the
      visual field was artificially narrowed and the recognition time was determined.
      The recognition time could be expressed by a power function of the ratio of the
      effective visual field diameter to the diameter of the stimulus pattern. On this
      basis the functional visual field size of a patient was defined as the size of
      the artificially narrowed visual field of the normal subject that required the
      same recognition time as that of the patient. The functional visual field of
      patients could be correlated with the area of the perimetric field with the V/4
      target of Goldmann's projection perimeter. The concept of the functional visual
      field was found to be useful to express the patients' capability for pattern
      perception.

PMID- 4046229
TI  - Studies of human tear proteins: 4. Analysis by crossed immunoelectrophoresis of
      tears in various diseases.
AB  - Tears were collected from patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy
      (FAP), orbital tumors, sarcoidosis, trigeminal and facial nerve palsy and corneal
      ulcer. These tears were analyzed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Two cases of
      FAP with deficiency of lacrimation and keratoconjunctivitis sicca showed normal
      tear protein patterns. In these cases, the deficiency of lacrimation may have
      been due chiefly to disturbance of the peripheral parasympathetic nerve
      innervating the lacrimal gland. Five other patients with FAP showed from slight
      to severe decrease in the tear-specific proteins. One of two cases with lacrimal
      gland tumor showed a decrease in the tear-specific proteins before removal of the
      tumor. After the surgery two patients showed significant decrease or
      disappearance of the tear-specific proteins. Three cases with other orbital
      tumors revealed no alterations in production of tear proteins. The case of
      sarcoidosis with keratoconjunctivitis sicca showed a decrease in the tear
      specific proteins. Lacrimal gland involvement in sarcoidosis was confirmed by the
      tear protein analysis. The patient with facial and trigeminal nerve palsy showed
      a decrease in the tear-specific proteins. This was thought to be due to atrophy
      of the main lacrimal gland caused by functional disturbance of the lacrimal
      nerve. The analysis of tear proteins is useful in the diagnosis of lacrimal gland
      tumor disturbing the gland function and also of other diseases involving the
      lacrimal gland.

PMID- 4046231
TI  - Vertical spread of neuronal activity within the cat motor cortex investigated
      with epicortical stimulation and intracellular recording.
AB  - In the encephale isole cat preparation the surface of precruciate cortex was
      electrically stimulated. Intracellular responses underneath the stimulated site
      were recorded to assess the vertical spread of activities across the cortical
      layers. To the epicortical stimulation (EPICS) with intensity adjusted to evoke a
      pure negative wave in the direct cortical response (DCR), only some neurons in
      relatively superficial layers responded with excitatory postsynaptic potentials
      (EPSPs). Stimuli intensified to evoke both the negative and subsequent positive
      waves in DCR produced in all tested cells either EPSPs, inhibitory postsynaptic
      potentials (IPSPs), or both. Direct or axonal antidromic excitation of the cell
      was observed only infrequently. Cells with EPSPs distributed through all the
      layers with two peak populations in laminae II and V-VI. Those with IPSPs were
      located mainly in the upper half of lamina III with a few in more superficial as
      well as in deeper layers. Both EPSPs and IPSPs showed mono- or oligosynaptic
      latencies (0.6-10 msec) that tended to become longer in deep than in superficial
      layers. Some deep layer cells including fast and slow pyramidal tract cells
      showed slowly rising monosynaptic EPSPs of dendritic origin. Further late
      responses consisted of EPSPs, IPSPs, disfacilitation (DF), and disinhibition
      (DI). DF or DI occurred in some deep layer cells. Two modes of vertical spread of
      activities were postulated: one the cascade transmissions which increased
      response repertoire toward the depths, and the other the electrotonic spread of
      EPSPs along dendrites.

PMID- 4046232
TI  - Lateral spread of neuronal activity within the motor cortex investigated with
      intracellular responses to distant epicortical stimulation.
AB  - Lateral spread of activity within the motor cortex was examined by means of
      analyses of the direct cortical responses (DCRs) and intracellular responses to
      distant epicortical stimulation (EPICS) using cat encephale isole preparations.
      DCRs to the EPICS at a distance of 1.5-6.5 mm consisted of initial small positive
      (Pd) and subsequent negative waves (Nd). The reversal of polarity in depths
      occurred at 400-550 microns for Pd and at 150-250 microns for Nd as well as for
      the initial negative wave elicited by near EPICS. Intracellular responses to
      distant EPICS consisted of excitatory (EPSP) and inhibitory postsynaptic
      potentials (IPSP), disfacilitation (DF), and disinhibition (DI). Depth
      distributions of cells with EPSPs at two peaks in laminae II and V-VI, with IPSPs
      mainly in lamina III, and with DF or DI in laminae V-VI were the same with those
      by near EPICS. The inhibitory effects of distant EPICS on middle layer cells were
      much greater than those by near EPICS. No linear relations of the latency of
      EPSPs or IPSPs to the depth were seen for distant EPICS. Instead, the latency
      increased in proportion to the lateral distance in EPSPs at a slower rate than in
      IPSPs compared in superficial and middle layer cells. Several routes for lateral
      spread of activity were postulated. Most conspicuous are the excitatory route via
      horizontal axons in lamina I and the inhibitory route via laterally running axons
      in laminae II-III, which produce overall excitation of superficial layer cells
      and depression of middle and deep layer cells. Their possible role in phasic
      cortical arousal was discussed.

PMID- 4046233
TI  - Common response repertoire of motor cortical neurons in arousal and epicortical
      activation.
AB  - Intracellular responses during phasic Electroencephalograph (EEG) arousal were
      recorded from 229 motor cortical neurons in the cat encephale isole preparations.
      Identified dominant responses were excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in
      105 cells (E cells), inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in 74 cells (I
      cells), disfacilitation in 48 cells (DF cells), and disinhibition in two cells
      (DI cells). These responses were comparable with those to near or distant
      epicortical stimulation (EPICS). thus, most E cells in phasic arousal were EPSP
      dominant in response to near (incidence, 104/105) or distant EPICS (51/54), and
      only a few of the remaining were IPSP-dominant. About two-thirds of I cells were
      IPSP-dominant (49/74), and the remaining one-third EPSP-dominant (25/74) to near
      EPICS. However, most I cells became IPSP-dominant (45/49) to distant EPICS. DF
      and DI cells were initially EPSP- or IPSP-dominant to EPICS, but later responsive
      with DF in DF cells and DI in DI cells, respectively. In the interaction
      experiments, the initial negative wave in the direct cortical responses (DCRs) or
      the EPSPs of dendritic origin elicited by near EPICS and the initial positive
      wave in DCRs to distant EPICS were all reduced during phasic EEG arousal perhaps
      due to the occlusion effect. Common response repertoire in EEG arousal and
      epicortical activation may support the earlier proposed cascade transmission
      model of phasic EEG arousal, in which the spread of neuronal activities occurs
      vertically from the superficial to deep cortical layers as well as laterally
      along various layers.

PMID- 4046234
TI  - Intracortical spread of neuronal activities induced by stimulation of recurrent
      and thalamic afferent pathways compared with epicortical activation.
AB  - In the encephale isole cat preparation the cerebral peduncle (CP) and the nucleus
      ventralis lateralis (VL) of the thalamus were stimulated. Short-latency responses
      recorded from precruciate cortical neurons consisted of excitatory (EPSP) and
      inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP). Laminar distributions of these
      responses and their latencies wee viewed as the spatiotemporal pattern of spread
      of excitation and inhibition within the cortex in comparison with those obtained
      by epicortical stimulation (EPICS). In contrast with activities by EPICS
      spreading downwards from superficial to deep layers, CP recurrent activities
      spread upwards from deep to middle or superficial layers, and those by VL
      afferents spread from middle to both superficial and deep layers bidirectionally.
      These three intracortical routes shared common cell assemblies in that they
      received convergent EPSPs or IPSPs to various extents from different inputs. The
      routes for EPICS and VL inputs were overlapped particularly with abundant supply
      of convergence in spite of their functional difference. Relevant potentiality of
      the cerebral network in forming plural patterns was discussed.

PMID- 4046235
TI  - Contributions of baroreceptor reflex to the hypothermic effect of
      intraventricular angiotensin II in rats.
AB  - The mechanisms of the hypothermic effect of angiotensin II (AII) injected into
      the lateral ventricle were investigated in unanesthetized rats at an ambient
      temperature of 18 degrees C. Mean blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), metabolic
      rate (M), colonic temperature (Tcol), and temperatures of the interscapular brown
      adipose tissue (TBAT), and the tail skin (Tsk) were continuously monitored. AII
      at a dose of 5 micrograms produced a sharp and marked elevation in BP accompanied
      by bradycardia, and a decrease of M and Tco1 in the sinoaortic baroreceptor
      intact rats. The difference between TBAT and Tcol decreased significantly, which
      suggests a suppression of nonshivering thermogenesis of the BAT. Tsk was not
      changed by the AII injection. After sinoaortic denervation, however, the decrease
      in Tcol and M with AII injection was significantly reduced despite a marked
      elevation in BP. In addition, intravenous arginine-vasopressin antagonist
      pretreatment suppressed the elevation in BP and the decrease in HR, Tcol, and M
      after AII injection. From these results, it is concluded that the hypothermia
      which occurred after AII injection into the lateral ventricle can be largely
      attributed to the baroreflexive suppression of M, and to some extent to the
      direct effect on the thermoregulatory center in rats.

PMID- 4046236
TI  - Effects of intraventricular neurotensin on blood pressure and heat balance in
      rats.
AB  - The effects of intraventricular neurotensin (NT) at doses of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0
      micrograms on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), heat production (M), heat
      loss (H), and colonic temperature (T co1) were investigated in conscious rats in
      a direct calorimeter at 18 and 28 degrees C. At 18 degrees C, a 10.0 micrograms
      of NT significantly increased BP for several minutes after injection with
      prolonged bradycardia. The larger two doses (1.0 and 10.0 micrograms)
      significantly reduced M and T co1. In sinoaortic denervated rats, a 1.0 microgram
      of NT elevated BP and decreased HR. The decrease in HR was significantly smaller
      than that in nerve intact rats, which indicates the occurrence of baroreflex with
      intraventricular NT. The changes in M and T co1 in the denervated rats were,
      however, not statistically different from the intact rats. The baroreflexive
      suppression of metabolism seems to play a minimum role in the NT-induced
      hypothermia. H slightly increased for several minutes after central NT (1.0 and
      10.0 micrograms) and significantly decreased thereafter. Thermal conductance
      significantly increased for a longer period of time after NT injection. At 28
      degrees C, 1.0 microgram of NT increased H and M. It is concluded that central NT
      produced hypothermia by reducing M and enhancing H in the cool environment, but
      not at 28 degrees C.

PMID- 4046237
TI  - Rapid cooling contracture in frog striated muscles treated with chlorpromazine
      and haloperidol.
AB  - Rapid cooling contracture (RCC) was observed in frog toe muscles pretreated with
      caffeine, chlorpromazine (CPZ), or haloperidol (HPD). During rapid cooling
      contracture in the presence of caffeine (caffeine-RCC) tension developed to more
      than 0.8 of the maximum tetanic tension (P0). CPZ inhibited twitch but induced
      rapid cooling contracture (CPZ-RCC) between 50 and 150 microM; the tension
      saturated at the level of 0.75 P0 at 100 microM. HPD also inhibited twitch and
      induced rapid cooling contracture (HPD-RCC) at concentrations greater than 25
      microM; the maximum tension was 0.25 P0. In the presence of dantrolene (10
      microM), the tension during CPZ-RCC was reduced by 40%. Procaine (0.25%) reduced
      the CPZ-RCC tension by as much as 60%. These results suggest that CPZ and HPD
      induced rapid cooling contracture by reducing Ca2+-accumulation in sarcoplasmic
      reticulum.

PMID- 4046238
TI  - Electrophysiological measurements of the spectral sensitivity of three types of
      cones in the carp retina.
AB  - The spectral sensitivities of red-, green-, and blue-sensitive cones were
      measured by intracellular recording in the carp retina. The responses from all
      cones were univariant, i.e., the waveform of a response to any wavelength and at
      any intensity could be superimposed on the response to other wavelengths if the
      intensity was properly selected. Red-sensitive cones showed a maximum sensitivity
      at about 620 nm, green-sensitive cones at about 520 nm, and blue-sensitive cones
      at about 460 nm. The peak wavelengths and general forms of the spectral
      sensitivity curves agreed with those of the spectral absorption curves measured
      by microspectrophotometry (MSP), but the sensitivity of red-sensitive cones at
      both ends of the spectrum was significantly lower than the spectral absorption
      determined by MSP.

PMID- 4046239
TI  - [A study of tracking behavior in adults with cerebral palsy: on muscular
      contraction mechanism and motor perception].
AB  - Two tracking experiments were carried out to investigate the motor control system
      in adults with cerebral palsy. The first experiment analysed the frequency
      response characteristics and the surface electromyogram from biceps brachii and
      triceps brachii, when the cerebral palsy subjects made isometric contractions
      during the pursuit tracking task with sine wave targets. Patterns of reciprocal
      innervation of the antagonists explained the frequency response characteristics
      of tracking behavior of the cerebral palsy subjects. The second experiment
      analysed perceived response velocity during the compensatory tracking task by
      means of magnitude estimation method. Fitting power function to the relation
      between the input frequency and the perceived response velocity, coefficients of
      determination for the cerebral palsy subjects were found to be lower than those
      for the normal subjects. It suggests that the cerebral palsy subjects can
      discriminate their response velocity less exactly than the normal subjects in
      manual tracking system.

PMID- 4046240
TI  - [Glycosaminoglycan, computed tomography and gallium-67 scanning in malignant
      pleural mesothelioma].

PMID- 4046241
TI  - [Alveolar lymphocyte proliferation in sarcoidosis patients induced by
      Propionibacterium acnes].

PMID- 4046242
TI  - [Length-tension relationship of the alveolar wall in experimental pulmonary
      fibrosis].

PMID- 4046243
TI  - [Abnormal pulmonary function in diabetic patients].

PMID- 4046244
TI  - [Ultrastructural observations on human bronchial mucosa associated with chronic
      respiratory infections].

PMID- 4046245
TI  - [Comparison of the volume of isoflow and the SF6 closing volume].

PMID- 4046246
TI  - [Measurement of peripheral venous blood leukotrienes in patients with bronchial
      asthma].

PMID- 4046247
TI  - [A case of prolonged pulmonary eosinophilia caused by D-penicillamine].

PMID- 4046249
TI  - [A case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the lung].

PMID- 4046248
TI  - [Pathology of amniotic fluid embolism--report of two autopsy cases with special
      consideration as "post-traumatic pulmonary microembolism"].

PMID- 4046250
TI  - [A case of pulmonary fibrosing alveolitis following pulmonary alveolar
      proteinosis].

PMID- 4046251
TI  - [A case of multiple arteriovenous fistulas associated with Osler-Rendu-Weber
      syndrome--a case diagnosed by dynamic CT scan].

PMID- 4046252
TI  - [Surgical treatment of mitral regurgitation--comparison between degenerative MR
      and rheumatic MR].

PMID- 4046253
TI  - [A successfully operated case by a sternal elevation method using resin struts
      for severe asymmetrical funnel chest].

PMID- 4046254
TI  - [An instrument for the prevention of postoperative alopecia].

PMID- 4046256
TI  - [A case of aortic rupture after surgery of a thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm].

PMID- 4046255
TI  - [Three cases of a second cancer in advanced lung cancer patients with combined
      resection of the chest wall].

PMID- 4046257
TI  - [Radical surgery of esophageal carcinoma with esophago-left main bronchial
      fistula].

PMID- 4046258
TI  - [A surgical case of ruptured abdominal aorta aneurysm in Marfan's syndrome].

PMID- 4046260
TI  - [A case of left atrial myxoma in the elderly].

PMID- 4046259
TI  - [A case of total rupture of the left main bronchus following an injury 7 years
      before in a 72-year-old man].

PMID- 4046261
TI  - [Postoperative lobar torsion producing pulmonary infarction].

PMID- 4046262
TI  - [A case of carcinoid of probable thymic origin].

PMID- 4046263
TI  - Effects of tetrocarcin-A on bovine theileriosis in Japan.

PMID- 4046264
TI  - Effects of the components of Fusobacterium necrophorum in experimental liver
      abscess formation in mice.

PMID- 4046265
TI  - Changes in the fetal heart rate of thoroughbred horse through the gestation.

PMID- 4046266
TI  - Geographical distribution of the lung fluke, Paragonimus miyazakii Kamo et al.,
      1961, in the southern prefectures of the Kinki District, Japan: observations on
      the incidence of encysted larvae of P. miyazakii in Geothelphusa dehaani in the
      central part of Wakayama Prefecture.

PMID- 4046267
TI  - Strongyloides planiceps (Nematoda; Strongyloididae) in some wild carnivores.

PMID- 4046268
TI  - Chemical and biological properties of lipopolysaccharides from Fusobacterium
      necrophorum biovar A and biovar B strains.

PMID- 4046269
TI  - Monosynaptic reflex (H wave) in evoked muscle potential of the cow.

PMID- 4046270
TI  - Further evidence for phenotype frequencies of the human type blood groups in the
      chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes).

PMID- 4046272
TI  - Evidence for no influence of fetal and maternal adrenalectomy on the development
      of the fetal thymus in the rat.

PMID- 4046271
TI  - Comparative assessment of the effect of solanine administered orally and
      intraperitoneally on hepatic dysfunction in male rats.

PMID- 4046273
TI  - Generalized lipofuscinosis in a dog.

PMID- 4046274
TI  - Plaque assay of bovine coronavirus in BEK-1 cells.

PMID- 4046275
TI  - Evaluation of anesthetic management for the surgery of the aortic aneurysm.

PMID- 4046276
TI  - High incidence of postoperative metabolic alkalosis in surgical patients.

PMID- 4046277
TI  - An eleven year follow-up case of facial hemiatrophy treated by combined
      approaches of craniofacial and microvascular surgeries.

PMID- 4046278
TI  - Classification of the pedicled flaps.

PMID- 4046279
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis with diabetes].

PMID- 4046280
TI  - [Significance of a tuberculous ward of Nihon University Hospital--from the
      experience during the past 10 years].

PMID- 4046281
TI  - [Follow-up study on the patients with tuberculosis staying at hospitals for more
      than five years at the survey of 1975 (Part 2). On the patients still staying in
      hospitals in 1981].

PMID- 4046282
TI  - [Comparison of the frequency of the symptoms between the patients with lung
      cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 4046283
TI  - [A case of pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium fortuitum].

PMID- 4046284
TI  - [Clinical course of early myocardial infarction and changes in the cholinesterase
      activity in the serum].

PMID- 4046285
TI  - [Use of serial measurements of myoglobin level in the serum for evaluation of the
      extent of early myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4046286
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of electrophysiological examination and Holter's method
      in the diagnosis of insufficiency of the sinoatrial node].

PMID- 4046287
TI  - [Changes in selected risk factors in patients with myocardial infarction during a
      10-year observation].

PMID- 4046288
TI  - [Dietary habits and their changes during multiyear observation and coronary
      disease risk factors in working men].

PMID- 4046289
TI  - [Automated dosage of sodium nitroprusside controlled by mean arterial pressure].

PMID- 4046290
TI  - [Parametric scintigraphy with radioisotope angiocardiography in the evaluation of
      left-ventricular function after myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4046291
TI  - [Significance of anterior ST segment depression in patients with acute inferior
      myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4046292
TI  - [Re-entrant tachycardia in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. I. Mechanisms of
      initiation and interruption of tachycardia].

PMID- 4046293
TI  - [Effect of the autonomic nervous system on the mechanisms of dysfunction of the
      sinoatrial node].

PMID- 4046294
TI  - [Echocardiographic evaluation of left-ventricular function in disorders of
      intraventricular conduction].

PMID- 4046295
TI  - [Mitral valve insufficiency in ischemic heart disease. I].

PMID- 4046296
TI  - [Double nodal rhythm with atrioventricular dissociation].

PMID- 4046297
TI  - [Recurrent tachycardia in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. II. Proof of conduction
      by an additional path during circular motion].

PMID- 4046298
TI  - [Recurrent tachycardia in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. III. Factors
      determining lack of tachycardia].

PMID- 4046299
TI  - [Effect of the extent of early myocardial infarction on the occurrence and types
      of conduction disorders].

PMID- 4046300
TI  - [Blood supply and function of the sinoatrial node in patients with coronary
      arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 4046301
TI  - [Dynamics of the appearance of immunologic anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the
      serum of patients after transplantation of human aortic valves].

PMID- 4046302
TI  - [A case of a intravital diagnosis of malignant heart neoplasm (fibrosarcoma)].

PMID- 4046303
TI  - [Effect of isoptin on the hemodynamics of patients with circulatory
      insufficiency].

PMID- 4046304
TI  - [Volumetric pulmonary blood flow in hypertension].

PMID- 4046305
TI  - [Various clinico-hemodynamic variants in acute myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4046306
TI  - [Status of bronchial patency during treatment with beta-blockaders].

PMID- 4046307
TI  - [Non-invasive methods of diagnosis of mitral insufficiency in chronic ischemic
      heart disease].

PMID- 4046308
TI  - [Non-invasive diagnosis of diseases causing arterial hypertension].

PMID- 4046309
TI  - [Value of salt loads in the evaluation of functional status of the kidneys in
      patients with hypertension].
AB  - A 5% NaCl solution (500.0) was administered during 40-50 min to 20 patients with
      essential hypertension (10 with labile and 10 with stable hypertension) and 10
      normal subjects. Total sodiuresis and diuresis values over 5 post-load hours, the
      timing of their peaks, and the ratio of diuresis/sodiuresis rates (d/s
      coefficient) were examined. In hypertensive patients, particularly those with
      stable hypertension, the peak of sodium excretion was displaced towards the
      beginning of the salt load, yet salty diuresis stopped earlier, and the total
      five-hour sodium excretion was significantly reduced, as compared to normal
      subjects. The d/s coefficient showed a less steep decline, and was generally
      higher, as compared to that of normal subjects at all stages of the study. The
      findings obtained demonstrate that 5-hour monitoring of the diuresis, sodiuresis
      and the d/s coefficient following a salt load can detect disorders of renal
      function.

PMID- 4046310
TI  - [Dynamics of physical work capacity in patients with hypertension after long-term
      hypotensive therapy].
AB  - Sixty-two patients with essential hypertension of stage I, II and III were
      studied for their ability for physical work in the course of a long-term (up to 5
      years) hypotensive therapy. The regular use of drugs was shown to restore
      effectively the hypertensive patients' tolerance to exercise whereas an
      intermittent irregular therapy produced no significant increase in this
      tolerance.

PMID- 4046311
TI  - [Reaction to physical load in patients with hypertension with various types of
      hemodynamics].
AB  - Forty-seven patients with stage I essential hypertension (EH) were examined. The
      external mechanical work of the heart at rest and at the height of submaximum
      exercise was calculated according to V. L. Karpman et al. The circulatory
      response to exercise in patients with stage I EH was found to be inadequate and
      dependent on the type of the central hemodynamics. Patients with hyperkinetic
      circulatory type were characterized by a decrease in the intensity of the
      hemodynamic response to exercise. Patients with the eu- and hypokinetic types of
      the hemodynamics having comparatively small values of the external mechanical
      performance of the heart at rest responded to exercise by a hyperkinetic reaction
      ensuring the necessary acceleration of the blood flow.

PMID- 4046312
TI  - [Pathogenesis and variance in the course of hypertension].

PMID- 4046313
TI  - [Characteristics of hemodynamics in patients with incipient and marked arterial
      hypertension].
AB  - The examination of the cardio-and hemodynamics in 22 patients with
      neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertonic type and in 50 patients with stable
      hypertension showed that in the first group patients the systolic pressure in the
      pulmonary artery was increased due to hyperactivity whereas in individuals with
      stable hypertension it did not exceed normal values. A high load on the left
      ventricle in patients with high hypertension serves as an inotropic factor
      delaying the decompensation of the left ventricle.

PMID- 4046314
TI  - [Value of the analysis of new cases of arterial hypertension in an organized
      population for the purpose of planning primary prevention programs].
AB  - Within the framework of the 5-year program for the control of arterial
      hypertension, "detriment" to the population program caused by the lack of
      preventive work among the so-called healthy portion of the population was
      estimated at a Moscow machine-building plant. The proportion of patients in whom
      arterial hypertension was successfully reduced or controlled was matched against
      the proportion of those whose arterial BP went up above the normal or marginal
      level during the same period. The study demonstrated the possibility of
      identifying high-risk individuals in need of primary preventive care within a
      population, and timely and purposive planning of preventive programs.

PMID- 4046315
TI  - [Value of the "regression-to-mean" effect in the evaluation of arterial blood
      pressure in adolescents in epidemiological studies].
AB  - Patterns of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were assessed in adolescents
      who were 12-13 at the time of first examination. Three-year follow-up consisted
      of 5 check-ups. Upon the first examination, all adolescents were divided into
      three groups: those with low (below the 10th percentile), normal (between the
      10th and 90th percentiles) and high (above the 90th percentile) arterial BP
      values. Repeated checkups covered all adolescents with low and high arterial BP
      as well as a 20% sample of normotensive subjects. Over the three years of follow
      up; the greatest increment in systolic and diastolic arterial BP was noted in the
      hypotensive group, and the smallest, in the hypertensive group. Various
      hypotheses are discussed that might explain the demonstrated regularity; the
      "regression-to-mean" effect is proposed as a possible explanation.

PMID- 4046316
TI  - [Socio-psychological characteristics of patients with hypertension].
AB  - A study of the sociopsychologic status of hypertensive patients showed labile and
      stable forms of essential hypertension to be associated with different
      personality features. A relationship was demonstrated between the duration of the
      patient's disability and the specifics of psychologic makeup.

PMID- 4046317
TI  - [The hypertensive type of reaction of arterial blood pressure to physical load
      and its relation to various risk factors of ischemic heart disease in healthy
      young persons].
AB  - The authors studied the dependence of the incidence of the hypertensive type of
      the blood pressure response to exercise on CHD risk factors among 1005 healthy
      young people (aged 17-29 years) of both sexes. The incidence of the hypertensive
      type of the blood pressure response was higher in individuals with such risk
      factors as hypercholesterolemia, aggravated heredity in relation to CHD and
      essential hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption and an excessive body
      weight.

PMID- 4046318
TI  - [Mechanism of development of erythrocytosis in spontaneous arterial hypertension
      in rats].
AB  - Rats with spontaneous hypertension versus normotensive rats showed the
      development of erythrocytosis, an intensification of the erythropoietic
      properties of the blood plasma and an increase of the 2,3-DPG concentration in
      the red blood cells. An enhanced production of erythropoietin, a humoral
      stimulator of erythropoiesis, seems to be one of the causes of the erythrocytosis
      development in spontaneously hypertensive rats. An increase in the 2,3-DPG
      concentration in the erythrocytes is an important physiological mechanism
      ensuring the appropriate oxygen supply to tissues.

PMID- 4046319
TI  - [Characteristics of early disorders of fatty-acid composition of kidney lipids in
      spontaneous (hereditary) arterial hypertension].
AB  - Fatty acid composition of kidney lipids from spontaneously hypertensive Okamoto
      Aoki rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar rats (NR) was investigated two days after
      birth by gas-liquid chromatography. In SHR kidney phospholipids, as compared to
      the respective NR values, the content of arachidonic acid (20:4n6) was decreased
      and the levels of oleic (18:1n9) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n3) acids were
      increased; in kidney triglycerides, the content of eicosatrionoic acid (20:3n9)
      and all fatty acids of the linoleic acid series was decreased, except the content
      of a polyunsaturated long-chain product of linoleic acid metabolism,
      docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n6) that was increased. These changes may have
      developed prenatally as a result of genetic peculiarities of SHR.

PMID- 4046320
TI  - [The "information test" in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease].
AB  - The effect of psychophysiologic testing (the information test) on coronary flow
      was examined in 113 patients with coronary heart disease, 48 patients with
      neurocirculatory dystonia, 10 patients with essential hypertension and 15 normal
      subjects. Electrocardiographic evidence of coronary insufficiency was identified
      that can be found in 75.2% of coronary patients.

PMID- 4046321
TI  - Evidence for a role of PTH in the reduced pressor response to norepinephrine in
      chronic renal failure.
AB  - Reduced pressor response to norepinephrine (NE) is present in patients with
      chronic renal failure (CRF) and is responsible partly for some of the
      manifestations of autonomic nervous system dysfunction in these patients. PTH
      blunts the pressor response to NE in normal rats, suggesting that excess PTH in
      CRF may be responsible for this abnormality. However, the relative roles of
      uremia and of excess PTH in the uremic state in the genesis of this abnormality
      are not defined. The present study examines this question. Rats with chronic
      renal failure display reduced pressor response to NE administration, but this
      derangement can be prevented by prior parathyroidectomy and abolished by
      administration of indomethacin. The role of PTH in the genesis of this
      abnormality can also be demonstrated in the hind limb preparation obtained from
      rats with CRF. Our data show that excess PTH and not other consequences of CRF
      plays a paramount pathogenetic role in the reduced pressor response to NE and
      that this effect of PTH is due to a direct action on the blood vessels. Further,
      this hormone action is most likely mediated through increased production of
      vasodilating prostaglandins. These observations are constant with the idea that
      PTH would contribute to the pathogenesis of some of the manifestations of
      autonomic nervous system dysfunction in CRF.

PMID- 4046322
TI  - The mechanism of dextrose-enhanced peritoneal mass transport rates.
AB  - The mechanism whereby hypertonic dextrose affects peritoneal transport was
      investigated in a short-term model of peritoneal dialysis using alert intact
      rabbits. During control (1.5% dextrose) dialyses osmotic ultrafiltration was 0.28
      mg/kg/min, the clearance of potassium was 0.98, urea 0.54, phosphate 0.32, and
      dextrose (reverse) 0.21 ml/kg/min. With 4.25% dextrose, the ultrafiltration rate
      increased to 0.73 ml/kg/min (P less than 0.02), but solute transport did not
      increase despite the added convective flux. The posthypertonic exchanges did not
      differ from control despite the effect of residual dialysate contaminating this
      peritoneal lavage. By indicator dilution residual volume averaged 12% of total
      dialysate volume. Acute volume expansion by intravenous dextrose after
      desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) pretreatment increased the ultrafiltration
      coefficient, potassium and urea clearances significantly, and DOCA alone was
      ineffective. It is suggested that in uremic humans hypertonic dextrose dialysis
      increases peritoneal mass transport rates because the absorbed dextrose causes
      extracellular volume expansion that cannot be eliminated promptly. No evidence of
      a direct effect of dextrose augmenting peritoneal permeability was detected.

PMID- 4046323
TI  - Low-protein diet prevents glomerular damage in adriamycin-treated rats.
AB  - Adriamycin (ADR) induces glomerular damage in rats with persistent proteinuria
      which develops 13 to 15 days after a single intravenous (i.v.) injection (5
      mg/kg). Electron microscopy (EM) shows alterations of glomerular visceral
      epithelial cells with foot process fusions. The disease resembles minimal change
      nephropathy in humans. We studied the effect of two isocaloric diets with
      different protein content on urinary protein excretion, renal function, and
      glomerular morphology in rats treated with ADR. Six groups of rats were used.
      Group 1 received a single i.v. injection of ADR and was fed a standard diet
      containing 20% protein. Group 2 was fed a low-protein diet containing 6% protein
      starting 7 days before ADR. Group 3 was fed a low-protein diet starting the day
      after ADR. Group 4 served as control. Two additional groups of rats (5 and 6)
      were used to study the kidney distribution of ADR. Unlike animals fed the
      standard diet, animals fed the low-protein diet did not develop proteinuria. The
      kidney distribution of ADR measured at different intervals after drug injection
      was not influenced by the diet. Renal function as determined by glomerular
      filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) was not significantly modified
      in nephrotic rats receiving the standard diet compared to control animals. The
      low-protein regimen induced a significant elevation in RPF compared to the
      standard diet, but had no influence on GFR. Light and transmission EM studies
      showed alterations of glomerular visceral epithelial cells with fusion of foot
      processes in rats fed the standard diet, whereas no significant abnormalities of
      glomerular epithelial cells were detectable in animals receiving the low-protein
      diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4046325
TI  - Proton NMR spectroscopy of rabbit renal cortex.
AB  - High resolution 1H-NMR spectra were obtained from renal cortical slices,
      homogenates, isolated cells in suspension, and lysates. Experimental conditions
      for acquisition of high resolution spin-echo spectra are described and
      assignments of prominent peaks to various metabolites are given. The in situ
      activity of the highly active cortical enzyme prolidase was determined (1.8
      nmoles/min/mg wet kidney wt) by exploiting the marked difference in the spectral
      features of glycyl-L-proline and that of the free amino acids. The results
      suggest that this NMR method will be applicable generally to the study of
      hydrolysis of peptides, as well as to other metabolic processes both in vitro and
      in vivo.

PMID- 4046324
TI  - Transmission electron microscopy of urinary sediment in human acute renal
      failure.
AB  - Urinary sediments from 31 patients with acute tubular necrosis (ATN) were studied
      using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Variable quantities of renal tubule
      cells (RTCs), characterized by abundant cytoplasmic organelles, were a consistent
      finding in these sediments. TEM analyses of well-preserved RTCs permitted
      identification of their nephron segment(s) of origin. On the basis of the
      severity of ultrastructural changes observed, the sediments were divided into
      three types. Type I (N = 11) and II (N = 8) consisted of homogeneous populations
      of severely and mildly affected RTCs, respectively, while Type III (N = 12)
      sediments were composed of a heterogeneous population of variably affected cells.
      A correlation was found between the sediment type and the severity of the
      clinical illness. Of the 11 patients with Type I sediments, only two survived and
      they required chronic dialysis support. In contrast, seven of eight patients
      exhibiting Type II sediments survived, with only one requiring temporary dialysis
      therapy. Patients with Type III sediments had an intermediate course, with six of
      seven survivors regaining sufficient renal function to remain off dialysis over a
      3-month period of observation. Our study suggests that TEM of urinary sediment
      can provide a useful non-invasive means of studying patients with ATN.

PMID- 4046326
TI  - Regional cerebral blood flow in dialysis encephalopathy and primary degenerative
      dementia.
AB  - Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in patients with dialysis
      encephalopathy, primary degenerative dementia, dialysis patients with no central
      nervous system (CNS) complications, and normal controls. Both groups of dialysis
      patients (with and without CNS complications) demonstrated higher CBF values, and
      the dementia patients, lower CBF values than the controls. The dialysis patients
      had lower hematocrit, which correlated inversely with the cerebral blood flow. No
      such correlations were present in normals and patients with primary degenerative
      dementia. The dialysis patients and controls obtained similar CBF when the flow
      values were adjusted for the differences in hematocrit.

PMID- 4046327
TI  - Acute worsening of renal function during episodes of macroscopic hematuria in IgA
      nephropathy.
AB  - The appearance of renal failure during episodes of macroscopic hematuria (EMH) in
      IgA nephropathy (IgAN) has been described as very unusual. The results of a
      prospective investigation on the effect of EMH on renal function in IgAN are
      presented. During a 3-year period, 29 episodes of EMH occurring in 21 patients
      with IgAN have been studied. A derangement of renal function (increase of serum
      creatinine by more than 0.5 mg/dl) was observed in 11 episodes (37.9%) with peak
      creatinine values ranging from 1.2 to 6.7 mg/dl. The worsening of renal function
      was accompanied by a longer duration of EMH (4.8 +/- 1.3 vs. 3.5 +/- 1.5 days; P
      less than 0.05) but not by arterial hypertension or edema. A complete recovery of
      renal function was observed in every patient 1 to 2 months after the start of
      EMH. The histological survey disclosed that the decrease of renal function
      correlated closely with the presence of red blood cell casts in as much as 50% of
      the tubular lumen and with findings of tubular necrosis. We conclude that a
      worsening of renal function can be observed frequently during the EMH. Tubular
      damage and obstruction by red blood cell casts may play a significant role in the
      pathogenesis of this complication.

PMID- 4046328
TI  - Capillary gas chromatography measurement of oxalate in plasma and urine.

PMID- 4046329
TI  - The pathogenetic spectrum of Bartter's syndrome.

PMID- 4046330
TI  - [The Ommaya reservoir in pediatric neuro-oncology].

PMID- 4046331
TI  - [The Ommaya reservoir as a therapeutic aid in the treatment of malignant diseases
      in childhood. Indications, technic, results].

PMID- 4046332
TI  - [Nesidioblastosis--a rare cause of persistent congenital hypoglycemias].

PMID- 4046333
TI  - [Local immunity in children with mucoviscidosis].

PMID- 4046334
TI  - [Recommendations for the diagnosis and therapy of acute stenosing subglottic
      laryngitis (pseudocroup)].

PMID- 4046335
TI  - [Pathogenetic approach to surgical treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans of
      the abdominal aorta and peripheral arteries in patients with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 4046336
TI  - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of rupture of aneurysm of the abdominal aorta].

PMID- 4046337
TI  - [Reconstructive surgery of the carotid arteries after radical removal of carotid
      chemodectomas].

PMID- 4046338
TI  - [Late infection in reconstructive vascular surgery].

PMID- 4046339
TI  - [Aneurysms as a complication of surgery of major arteries].

PMID- 4046340
TI  - [Effect of hemosorption on rheological properties of blood in patients with
      arteriosclerotic occlusions of the arteries of the lower limbs].

PMID- 4046341
TI  - [Doppler sphygmomanometry in the diagnosis of lesions of the deep femoral
      artery].

PMID- 4046342
TI  - [Status of neural elements of the blood vessels of the lower limbs in varicose
      veins].

PMID- 4046343
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the regeneration of microvascular wall after plastic
      repair with the suture materials "Metallatravm" and "Ethilon"].

PMID- 4046344
TI  - [Changes in muscle tissue of the limbs after the short-term shunting of major
      vessels].

PMID- 4046345
TI  - [Ultrastructural reorganization of muscles of the limbs and their blood-supplying
      capillaries in acute ischemia].

PMID- 4046346
TI  - [Surgical treatment of severe forms of obliterative arteriosis with adrenal gland
      resection and lumbar sympathectomy].

PMID- 4046347
TI  - [Experience with the treatment of thrombosis of major arteries of the limbs of
      arteriosclerotic etiology].

PMID- 4046348
TI  - [Quantum hemotherapy in late stages of chronic arterial insufficiency of the
      limbs].

PMID- 4046349
TI  - [Laser therapy of diseases of veins of the lower limbs].

PMID- 4046350
TI  - [Pre-angiographic diagnosis of deep varicose veins based on a mathematical
      approach].

PMID- 4046351
TI  - [Organizational-tactical problems of surgical treatment of patients with acute
      thrombosis and embolism of major arteries of the limbs].

PMID- 4046352
TI  - [Sorption detoxication as a method of treatment of obliterative diseases of
      arteries of the lower limbs].

PMID- 4046353
TI  - [Microsurgery in the treatment of operable and inoperable occlusions of the
      crural arteries].

PMID- 4046354
TI  - [Diagnostic errors and dynamics of nosological forms of Raynaud's syndrome and
      disease].

PMID- 4046355
TI  - [Complications associated with catheterization of the subclavian veins].

PMID- 4046356
TI  - [Prognosis of the outcome of surgery and thrombotic complications in patients
      with Leriche's syndrome].

PMID- 4046357
TI  - [Causes of postoperative complications and their prevention in the treatment of
      varicose veins with trophic disorders of the soft tissues].

PMID- 4046358
TI  - [Postoperative thrombosis of the inferior mesenteric artery].

PMID- 4046359
TI  - [Bacteriological study of suppurative processes in patients after cardiosurgery].

PMID- 4046360
TI  - [Complications of pleural empyema].

PMID- 4046361
TI  - [Catheterization angiography of the aorta and its branches by the translumbar
      approach].

PMID- 4046362
TI  - [Use of metal coils for endovascular occlusion of major blood vessels].

PMID- 4046363
TI  - [Surgical treatment of occlusive diseases of the thoraco-abdominal segment of the
      aorta].

PMID- 4046364
TI  - [Endolymphatic antibiotic therapy of erysipelas].

PMID- 4046365
TI  - [Ultrasonic sternotomy in thoracic surgery].

PMID- 4046366
TI  - [Use of pneumatic belt and pneumatic bandage for adaptation of patients to
      increase intra-abdominal pressure].

PMID- 4046367
TI  - [Diagnosis of thrombobliterative diseases of abdominal aorta and major arteries
      using the optico-computer processing of angiograms].

PMID- 4046368
TI  - [Surgical tactics in the treatment of patients with hereditary microspherocytic
      hemolytic anemia associated with a mitral heart defect].

PMID- 4046369
TI  - [Successful surgical treatment of pulmonary-aortic hemorrhage].

PMID- 4046370
TI  - [Surgical correction of traumatic defect of interventricular septum and tricuspid
      valve insufficiency].

PMID- 4046371
TI  - [Pulmonary hemorrhage in the late period after prosthesis of the thoracic aorta
      for aneurysm].

PMID- 4046372
TI  - [Blue phlegmasia].

PMID- 4046373
TI  - [Marginal resection of the lung in hemoptysis which occurred 39 years after a
      blind gunshot wound].

PMID- 4046374
TI  - [Surgical treatment of the rupture of aneurysms of the abdominal aorta].

PMID- 4046375
TI  - [Repeated surgical interventions in early thrombotic reocclusions after surgery
      for acute arterial obstruction].

PMID- 4046376
TI  - [Surgical treatment of acute arterial obstruction of the limbs in patients with
      myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4046377
TI  - [Surgical treatment of vasorenal hypertension].

PMID- 4046378
TI  - [Experimental chronic ischemia of the limbs].

PMID- 4046380
TI  - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygenation in the treatment of
      patients with chronic arterial diseases of the lower limbs].

PMID- 4046379
TI  - [Criteria for prognosis of the results of lumbar sympathectomy].

PMID- 4046381
TI  - [Changes in microcirculation and rheological properties of blood after
      conservative treatment of patients with Leriche's syndrome].

PMID- 4046382
TI  - [Results of reconstructive surgery on blood vessels and nerves using
      microsurgical technic].

PMID- 4046383
TI  - [Changes in major arteries of lower limbs in endarteritis obliterans,
      arteriosclerosis and diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 4046384
TI  - [Drainage function of the musculo-venous pump of the leg in patients with post
      thrombotic disease of the lower limbs].

PMID- 4046385
TI  - [Correction of ectasia of the femoral vein].

PMID- 4046386
TI  - [Surgical treatment of acute thrombophlebitis of superficial veins of the lower
      limbs].

PMID- 4046387
TI  - [Characteristics of parameters of venous circulation in diseases of veins of the
      lower limbs].

PMID- 4046388
TI  - [A modified method of preparing bioprostheses of different designations using the
      human umbilical cord vein].

PMID- 4046389
TI  - [Early postoperative period after correction of funnel chest].

PMID- 4046390
TI  - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of parasternal diaphragmatic hernias].

PMID- 4046391
TI  - [Diagnosis of the risk of thrombosis in patients with chronic ischemic heart
      disease during selective coronarography].

PMID- 4046392
TI  - [Indicators of natural immunity in acute suppurative lung diseases].

PMID- 4046393
TI  - [Surgical treatment of bronchial fistulas after pneumonectomy].

PMID- 4046394
TI  - [Pleural empyema from the standpoint of hospital and surgical infection].

PMID- 4046395
TI  - [Results of surgical treatment of complicated pulmonary echinococcosis].

PMID- 4046396
TI  - [Treatment of achalasia of the cardia].

PMID- 4046397
TI  - [Status of humoral immunity after 2-stage esophagoplasty].

PMID- 4046398
TI  - [Use of low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation in the treatment of acute suppurative
      surgical diseases in children].

PMID- 4046399
TI  - [Gnotobiologic approach in the treatment of local burns in children].

PMID- 4046401
TI  - [Prevention of complications in children after extrafocal transosseous
      osteosynthesis].

PMID- 4046400
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis of panniculitis].

PMID- 4046402
TI  - [Iatrogenic errors in the examination and treatment of children with surgical
      diseases].

PMID- 4046403
TI  - [Cryosurgical method of treatment in pediatric and adult oncologic practice].

PMID- 4046404
TI  - [Treatment of hypertrophic and cheloid scars in children].

PMID- 4046405
TI  - [Thromboses in newborn infants].

PMID- 4046406
TI  - [Persistence of a foreign body in the esophagus of a child].

PMID- 4046407
TI  - [Cancer of the stomach in a child].

PMID- 4046408
TI  - [Treatment of hemorrhage following appendectomy in a child with hemophilia].

PMID- 4046409
TI  - [Diagnosis of the arteriomesenteric form of chronic duodenal obstruction in
      children].

PMID- 4046410
TI  - [Multiple duplication of the intestine in a child].

PMID- 4046411
TI  - [Inflammatory cyst of the peritoneum associated with inguinal hernia in a child].

PMID- 4046412
TI  - [Ectopy of and embryonally rudimentary accessory kidney and ureter].

PMID- 4046413
TI  - [Acute abdomen on the basis of a defect of the urinary tract in a child].

PMID- 4046414
TI  - [Appendicular peritonitis in children].

PMID- 4046415
TI  - [Early relaparotomy in destructive appendicitis in children].

PMID- 4046416
TI  - [Microflora of the vermiform appendix and peritoneal exudate in peritonitis in
      children].

PMID- 4046417
TI  - [Lymphangioma of the mesentery of the intestine in children].

PMID- 4046418
TI  - [Clinico-morphologic evaluation of the long-term results of treating
      developmental defects of the urinary system in newborn infants and infants].

PMID- 4046419
TI  - [Plan of examination and tactics for treating patients with anorectal
      developmental defects].

PMID- 4046420
TI  - [Patent urachus].

PMID- 4046421
TI  - [Surgical tactics in injuries of the parenchymatous organs of the abdominal
      cavity and retroperitoneal space in children (clinico-experimental study)].

PMID- 4046422
TI  - [Treatment of the early stages of acute destructive pneumonia in children].

PMID- 4046423
TI  - [Ways of improving the diagnosis of acute surgical diseases in newborn infants].

PMID- 4046424
TI  - [Aneurysms of the peripheral vessels in children].

PMID- 4046425
TI  - [Pretumorous diseases of the breast in childhood, adolescence and adulthood].

PMID- 4046426
TI  - [Combined method of treating hemangiomas of complicated anatomical sites].

PMID- 4046428
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment in posttraumatic osteolysis of the bones of the cranial
      vault in children].

PMID- 4046427
TI  - [Treatment of poorly-granulating wounds and trophic ulcers in children using low
      frequency ultrasound and radiation from a helium-neon laser].

PMID- 4046429
TI  - [Fractures of the head of the humeral condyle in children].

PMID- 4046430
TI  - [Fractures of the calcaneus in children].

PMID- 4046431
TI  - [Features of the clinical course of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis during the
      neonatal period].

PMID- 4046432
TI  - [Use of prodigiozan in chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis in children].

PMID- 4046434
TI  - [Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis of the ribs in children].

PMID- 4046433
TI  - [Blood transfusion in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis in children].

PMID- 4046435
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of sarcoma of the lungs and pleura].

PMID- 4046436
TI  - [Problems in the free transplantation of the scalp].

PMID- 4046437
TI  - [Metastatic tumors of the ribs].

PMID- 4046438
TI  - [Scintigraphic follow-up patients operated on for hepatic echinococcosis].

PMID- 4046439
TI  - [Diagnosis of the hypothenar hammer syndrome].

PMID- 4046440
TI  - [Causes and errors leading to relaparotomy].

PMID- 4046441
TI  - [Hyperplastic gastritis simulating initial stomach carcinoma in a female patient
      with secondary syphilis].

PMID- 4046442
TI  - [Case report of angiosarcoma].

PMID- 4046443
TI  - [Case of a nonparasitic cyst of the liver].

PMID- 4046444
TI  - [Case of a rare testicular tumor].

PMID- 4046445
TI  - [Open treatment method in severe disseminated peritonitis].

PMID- 4046446
TI  - [New aspects in the use of transthoracic puncture biopsy of the lung].

PMID- 4046447
TI  - [Legal and ethical aspects of drug therapy].
AB  - Legally speaking, the administration of drugs for diagnostic and therapeutic
      purposes is, in fact, bodily injury which enjoys exemption from punishment only
      when it is justified and the patient has given his consent. In daily practice the
      application of relatively low-risk diagnostic drops ought to represent a part of
      the commission which the patient gives the ophthalmologist in seeking out his
      practice. The risk involved in diagnostically and therapeutically administered
      drugs must be reasonably related to the possible advantage to be gained.
      Therefore, a brief explanation to the patient and the securing of his consent are
      surely appropriate before the use of a mydriatic in cases with a dangerously
      narrow chamber angle. Rational therapy with drugs depends on knowledge of their
      effects. In our specialty this is by no means the case with all drugs. However,
      there are problems in verifying their efficacy. Personal, practical experience
      often leads to false conclusions and to perpetuation of the same mistakes. From
      retrospective studies we can only arrive at reliable conclusions in the case of
      obvious, gross effects; not even exploratory data analysis provides sure
      knowledge; at best it established hypotheses. Therefore, the most important means
      of testing drugs is the prospective controlled study with random distribution of
      patients into a control group and groups given the test substance. With the help
      of statistical methods, this leads from ignorance to secure knowledge. Members of
      the legal profession have expressed their misgivings about randomized studies,
      partially because they are not familiar with the state of our ignorance and the
      difficulties involved in testing pharmaceuticals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4046448
TI  - [Biopharmaceutics of ophthalmic drugs].
AB  - The importance of biopharmaceutics in the development of ophthalmic drugs is
      pointed out. Ophthalmic drugs have to be stable, sterile, well tolerated and
      effective. The constraints resulting from these requirements limit the number of
      pharmaceutical presentations. The development of pilocarpine eye drops is taken
      as an example to illustrate how difficult it is to satisfy Goldmann's criteria of
      stability, sterility, tolerance, and efficacy simultaneously. A rapid and
      sensitive ocular tolerance test for the selection of the most favorable
      formulations is proposed as a means of counteracting the present shortage of
      screening tests. Additionally, the physiological, physicochemical, and
      pharmaceutical factors are discussed which can influence the drugs' passage
      through the cornea and consequently increase or decrease their efficacy. Two
      examples, taken respectively from the aqueous solutions and lipophilic gels,
      demonstrate the importance of pharmaceutical and biological availability as well
      as the present tendency toward optimization in the development of ophthalmic
      preparations.

PMID- 4046449
TI  - [Application of current immunological knowledge in ocular therapy].
AB  - Specific treatment of ocular and orbital inflammations requires precise knowledge
      of the immune processes involved. The encounter between the host and an antigenic
      stimulus initially induces the inflammatory response, whose numerous mediators
      (complement, lipid derivates, histamine etc.) should lead to phagocytosis and
      elimination of the antigen. If this first line of resistance fails, the immune
      response follows, mediated by T and B lymphocytes and immunoglobulins. Complex
      interactions between cells and released substances permit selective activation of
      cell clones specific to the causative antigen. Some of these inflammatory and
      immune mechanisms have been identified in the pathogenesis of various forms of
      uveitis and orbital inflammation. Such knowledge makes specific therapy possible,
      for instance with antiprostaglandins or other inhibitors of the processes
      involved. Most cases of uveitis, however, have their origin in a local hyper
      function of the immune response and therefore benefit from immunosuppression
      (steroids, cytostatics, Cyclosporin-A). Immunostimulation can be useful in cases
      with certified immunodeficiency.

PMID- 4046450
TI  - [Pathology of the lacrimal apparatus].
AB  - Following a brief survey of the subjects covered in this paper the author
      discusses the problem of lacrimal gland tumefactions. These can be divided into
      five groups: malignant lymphoma and leukemias, proliferative reactions of the
      lymphatic tissues, dacryoadenitis, secondary and metastatic tumors, and finally
      miscellaneous conditions; the main nosological characteristics are described.

PMID- 4046451
TI  - [The dry eye].
AB  - Dry eye, or keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is a pathologic condition which, today,
      needs to be more precisely defined. The moisture in the eye, which is essential
      for optical and physiological reasons, is maintained by three factors: a) the
      secretion of mucus by the conjunctiva, rendering uniform distribution of the
      aqueous phase of the lacrimal film on the corneal surface possible; b) the
      secretion of aqueous humor by the lacrimal and conjunctival glands; and c) the
      secretion of lipids from the skin and meibomian glands. Accordingly, an
      insufficiency of the lacrimal film may be due to insufficient secretion of lipids
      from the skin or meibomian glands, insufficiency of the aqueous phase of the
      lacrimal film (as is the case in Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome), or insufficiency of
      the mucus secretions (as in the case of pemphigoid syndrome). The complaints
      which lead patients to consult an ophthalmologist, as well as the objective
      findings on examination, are described here. The methods of examination by which
      lacrimal insufficiency can be confirmed are discussed: Schirmer's test (I and
      II), Jones' test, Norn's dilution test, break-up time, tests with dyes such as
      fluorescein, rose bengal, and lissamine green 1%. The conjunctival imprint gives
      indications without which no clear diagnosis can be made. The treatment of dry
      eye consists primarily of instillations of artificial tears. If this treatment
      fails the lacrimal puncta can be closed. Thirdly, pathogenic treatments can be
      used in certain cases. Fourthly, one can prescribe closed frames which create a
      wetting chamber. Finally, in particularly severe cases, surgery can be
      considered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4046452
TI  - [Acute and chronic orbital myositis].
AB  - Ocular muscle diseases fall into two distinct groups: acute or subacute
      exophthalmic myositis and chronic oligosymptomatic myositis. The diagnosis can
      only be established with certainty by means of B-scan sonography and CT scanning;
      these examinations demonstrate the irregular thickening of one or several eye
      muscles. The disease is apparently primitive; in some cases concomitant
      autoimmune factors may be found. The course is spontaneous, with continual
      recurrence, and may have sequelae in the form of a definitive exophthalmos or an
      acquired retraction syndrome. It responds remarkably well to corticotherapy and,
      if necessary, immunosuppressors; in general, these lead to rapid and - if
      treatment is started in time - total regression of the disease.

PMID- 4046453
TI  - [The treatment of eye muscle diseases with botulinum toxin].
AB  - The author discusses the possible methods of treatment with botulin (Scott) in
      cases of blepharospasm, paralytic strabismus, and concomitant strabismus.

PMID- 4046454
TI  - [What possibilities exist to modify cataract development on the basis of current
      biochemical knowledge? Where can drugs act?].
AB  - During the last 10-15 years, investigations into the biology and biochemistry of
      the lens have demonstrated that the age changes observed cannot be the only cause
      of the formation of senile cataract. The various types of opacities and the wide
      age range in which they begin indicate a multifactorial origin involving
      endogenous and exogenous risk factors. Initial epidemiological studies have
      identified certain risk factors. Experimental cataract research is able to
      elucidate possible damaging mechanisms by using cataract models, for instance,
      the cataracts caused by excess carbohydrate (galactose, glucose), naphthalene
      application, ionizing rays, or by additional cocataractogenics, thus indicating
      steps for countermeasures. Taking (true) diabetic cataract of rats after
      Streptozotocin injection as an example, the efficacy of aldose reductase
      inhibitors is shown. Even if additional cataractogenic factors such as
      naphthalene and X-rays are applied, diabetic lens opacities can be prevented
      completely. Damage by naphthalene is due to an increased oxidative change in the
      lens protein. Several substances promoting the antioxidative capacity of the
      lens, thereby inhibiting cataract formation, are already available. Preclinical
      or clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of only a few of the
      commercially available anticataract drugs. The results of animal experiments
      presented here may well represent a basis for the development of really effective
      anticataract drugs.

PMID- 4046455
TI  - [Complications and after care in aphakic and pseudophakic patients].
AB  - The aim of every cataract operation is optical rehabilitation. With the greater
      social demands made today by aphakic and pseudophakic patients, the recognition
      and treatment of diseases with early or late onset after cataract extraction
      assumes greater importance. The early aims are rapid mobilization, complete
      absence of irritation, and normalization of pressure. Regular administration of
      corticosteroids, essential in the post-operative treatment of pseudophakia, may
      mask a bacterial or mycotic infection. The sole indication for removal of an
      implant is the uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome. The prevention and treatment of
      cystoid macular edema is discussed: whether or not the posterior lens capsule is
      intact seems to play a major role in the pathogenesis of this early or late
      complication in both aphakia and pseudophakia.

PMID- 4046456
TI  - [Retrobulbar corticotherapy].
AB  - Corticotherapy has been proposed several times for the treatment of venous
      thrombosis of the retina (e.g., Hayreh 1975). Since 1975 the present authors have
      used it regularly, combined with heparinotherapy, for all types of retinal
      vascular occlusion, in the form of retrobulbar injections of corticoids. The aim
      is to reduce edema of the vascular wall at the occlusion and re-establish or
      improve the flow, and thereby protect the sensory cells during the critical
      repair period. In edematous or mixed types of venous thrombosis, the
      effectiveness of the treatment is demonstrated by a rapid improvement in acuity.
      As recommended by Hayreh, corticotherapy is certainly indicated for edematous and
      mixed thromboses with loss of central field acuity. In other types of vascular
      occlusions (ischemic venous thrombosis, arterial occlusion, and vascular
      papillitis) the benefit can only be guessed at. Corticotherapy is not a
      replacement for anticoagulation, laser coagulation, or general treatment.

PMID- 4046457
TI  - [Vascular complications of ocular migraine].
AB  - Infarction of the retina and optic disk has been reported following migraine
      attacks. Possible mechanisms and treatment are discussed.

PMID- 4046458
TI  - [Drug treatment of diabetic retinopathy].
AB  - Medical treatment of diabetic retinopathy remains a problem. So far, no drug has
      produced definitely positive results. Strict metabolic control still has to be
      considered the sine qua non of a therapeutic approach to diabetic retinopathy.
      The extent to which multiple daily injections of insulin (insulin pumps) are
      capable of inhibiting the development of a retinopathy is still under
      investigation. Prophylactic measures to prevent further complications where
      retinopathy already exists should not, however, be neglected.

PMID- 4046459
TI  - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of beta blockers on the eye].
AB  - The authors report on comparative studies of two beta-blockers with regard to
      various parameters (intraocular pressure, perfusion pressure, and brightness of
      the papilla). A differential evaluation of these medications shows that
      measurement of the intraocular pressure alone is not sufficient to elucidate all
      of their characteristics fully.

PMID- 4046460
TI  - [Experimental venous thrombosis: preretinal PO2 before and after
      photocoagulation].
AB  - Experimental occlusion of a retinal vein leads to retinopathy in the affected
      drainage area. In some cases the formation of ischemic regions, where the retina
      is completely destroyed, is typical for the development of this retinopathy.
      Laser photocoagulation restores the physiological preretinal oxygen pressure in
      these hypoxic regions. It is possible that the rise in O2 pressure which has been
      observed is caused by destruction of pigment epithelium and the photoreceptor
      layer, as oxygen diffuses freely from the choroid to the inner retina without
      being consumed by the outer layers.

PMID- 4046461
TI  - [Endocytosis at the lower pole of the retinal pigment epithelium].
AB  - Intracardially injected horseradish peroxidase was endocytosed by coated vesicles
      at the base of the RPE. The fate of these labelled vesicles was observed; they
      were seen to fuse either together or with cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic
      reticulum in the basal one-third of the RPE. Peroxidase-negative vesicles,
      suggesting a double population, were also observed.

PMID- 4046462
TI  - [A simple and precise measurement of ocular torsion].
AB  - The instrument, derived from Mariotte's blind-spot experiment, permits the
      anatomical ocular torsion of each eye to be measured separately in primary
      position. This method was evaluated in a group of normal subjects, by comparison
      with measurements on fundus photographs. It was established that it was simpler
      and more accurate than measurement with the Goldmann perimeter and indirect
      ophthalmoscopy assessment. It complements subjective methods of measuring torsion
      by the double Maddox rod test or with the synoptophore.

PMID- 4046463
TI  - [Glaucoma with low intraocular pressure. I. Etiopathogenesis].

PMID- 4046464
TI  - [Intraocular foreign bodies as a result of self-inflicted eye injuries in
      prisoners].

PMID- 4046465
TI  - [Use of cryotherapy in various tropical diseases].

PMID- 4046466
TI  - [A case of Ekman-Eddowes-van der Hoeve syndrome with coexistent pigmented nevus
      of the choroid].

PMID- 4046467
TI  - [Examination of corneal endothelium by a specular microscope. I. The types of
      microscopes].

PMID- 4046468
TI  - [Examination of corneal endothelium by a specular microscope. II. Morphology of
      the endothelium in physiological and pathological conditions].

PMID- 4046469
TI  - [Glaucoma with low intraocular pressure. II. Clinical picture].

PMID- 4046470
TI  - [Proceedings of the 13th Retinological Symposium. Poznan, 31 May-1 June 1984.
      Part 3].

PMID- 4046471
TI  - [Studies of the corneal endothelium by specular microscope. III. Effect of
      surgical procedures and the methods of corneal preservation on the endothelium].

PMID- 4046472
TI  - [Studies of the corneal endothelium by specular microscope. IV. Computer-assisted
      morphometry in our studies].

PMID- 4046473
TI  - [Photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy: indications and technics].

PMID- 4046474
TI  - [Aging-related changes of the human peripheral retina].

PMID- 4046475
TI  - [Ocular toxoplasmosis in clinical and immunological evaluation].

PMID- 4046476
TI  - [A case of bilateral retinoblastoma in light of genetic counseling].

PMID- 4046477
TI  - [Effect of microsurgical extraction of senile cataract in patients with diabetes
      mellitus on the course of the operation and wound healing].

PMID- 4046478
TI  - [Post-traumatic visual disability among the rural population].

PMID- 4046479
TI  - [Experimental studies of reaction of the eyeball to alloplastic implants in
      surgical treatment of retinal detachment. I. Introduction, scope of work and
      materials].

PMID- 4046480
TI  - [Fluorescein angiography of the vascular system of the anterior eye segment].

PMID- 4046481
TI  - [Dietary chloride deficiency in premature infants?].
AB  - In recent years uncontrolled decrease of chloride contents in some charges of
      infant formulas has caused chloride deficiency in some infants. The chloride
      requirement in infants of 5.8 kg has been estimated to be 3.6 mmol/d.
      Accordingly, prematures of 1.3 kg would require about 2.6 mmol/d. Considering the
      daily intake of fluid, the minimum concentration of chloride of a formula for
      infants has to be 4.5 mmol/l and a formula for prematures 11.8 mmol/l. In 4
      formulas for prematures and 7 humanized formulas for infants the concentration of
      chloride ranged from 7.1 to 15.8 mmol/l. In the FRG some prematures may have an
      inadequate intake of chloride.

PMID- 4046482
TI  - [Is there a relation between an increase in IgM in the newborn infant and the
      course of pregnancy and labor?].
AB  - In order to check the significance of the serum IgM concentration in newborns the
      IgM levels in the placental blood of 263 randomly selected neonates were
      determined; in 105 of these children the IgM concentration was again determined
      on the 6th day of life. The maternal IgM concentrations were also determined for
      the purpose of comparison. All of the newborns were allocated to infection risk
      categories on the basis of history and clinical data. The findings were evaluated
      on the basis of the mean values with simple standard deviation, single-case
      analysis and arrangement of the medium values in sequence. Significantly elevated
      IgM concentrations were found in newborns with the risk factor asphyxia on the
      6th day of life. There was a certain tendency to elevated IgM concentrations -
      established on the basis of the mean values and the median value grouping - in
      the groups with maternal infection, premature rupture, frequent vaginal
      examination, and post-term birth of the child. The investigation shows that the
      majority of elevated IgM concentrations in neonates in whom no infection can be
      found are not closely correlated to a certain risk factor. An elevated IgM
      concentration in a newborn appears to be a factor of low specificity with regard
      to infection. However, in the diagnosis of neonatal infections it provides
      additional information in the overall context of the clinical examination.

PMID- 4046483
TI  - Ring chromosome 4 : 46,XY, r(4) (p16q35) in a boy.
AB  - The case of the child with ring chromosome 4 is presented. The phenotype of the
      patient does not show features of Wolf syndrome (4p-).

PMID- 4046484
TI  - Oral tolerance--induction and modulation.
AB  - When the first encounter with an antigen is by the oral route several different
      immune responses can occur. The spectrum of effects on systemic immunity ranges
      from immunological hyporesponsiveness (oral tolerance) to active sensitisation
      (priming). In this paper, the immunological principles underlying these effects
      are discussed and circumstances which influence them are demonstrated, particular
      emphasis being placed on experimental work in adult and neonatal mice.

PMID- 4046485
TI  - [Adrenal hemorrhage in the newborn infant].
AB  - Three cases of adrenal hemorrhage requiring surgery are reported in newborn
      infants. In one case surgery was necessary because of massive retroperitoneal
      bleeding and in two other cases adrenal neoplasms had been suspected
      preoperatively. Diagnosis, differential-diagnosis and indication for surgical
      intervention will be discussed for adrenal hemorrhage in the neonatal period.

PMID- 4046486
TI  - [Delayed respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn infant].
AB  - Apart from the early onset respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn, there is
      a "delayed" form of this syndrome beginning a few days or later after birth.
      Based on 24 patients the differential diagnosis of this "delayed" respiratory
      distress syndrome is discussed.

PMID- 4046487
TI  - [Thiamine-dependent anemia and thrombocytopenia, insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus and sensorineural deafness--case report and review].
AB  - Report of an 3 1/2 year old girl who because of resistant anemia and
      thrombocytopenia received blood transfusions since her third month of life. 15
      months later she developed diabetes mellitus. Sensorineural deafness was noticed
      since her third year of life. Daily 25 mg thiamine prevented anemia and
      thrombocytopenia. The syndrome is compared with the 5 published cases of world
      literature.

PMID- 4046488
TI  - Rheological properties of blood and their possible role in the circulation and
      development of intracranial hemorrhage in preterm infants.
AB  - Blood viscosity and other rheological properties of blood have important effects
      on blood circulation. In preterm infants, blood viscosity (at given hematocrit),
      plasma viscosity and red cell aggregation are decreased compared to term neonates
      and adults. In addition, the Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect (i.e., decrease in blood
      viscosity with decreasing vessel diameter) is more pronounced in preterm infants.
      This suggests that blood flow through arteries, arterioles and veins is
      facilitated in preterm infants. The large neonatal red cells are less filterable
      and less able to enter small capillaries than adult red cells. This suggests that
      the passage of neonatal red cells through narrow capillaries and splenic pores is
      impaired. The high risk of intracranial hemorrhage in small preterm infants may
      in part result from poor red cell aggregation, impeded passage of their large red
      cells through narrow cerebral capillaries and raised blood viscosity due to rapid
      transfusion of adult blood.

PMID- 4046489
TI  - Immunological considerations on breast vs. formula feeding.
AB  - The breast-fed baby is immunologically protected because the food is
      uncontaminated, because breast milk contains specific and unspecific constituents
      directed against microorganisms, toxins and food antigens, and because adverse
      immunological reactions against constituents of breast milk substitutes, as cow's
      milk proteins, are avoided. It is not known which of the mechanisms are the most
      important ones. Antiinfectious properties may also serve to protect the mammary
      gland. The documented lower morbidity of breast-fed compared to artificially fed
      infants in developing and developed countries is reviewed. Favourable
      immunological properties of human milk are sensitive to various ways of
      treatment, e.g. pasteurization. Exclusive breast feeding until several weeks or
      months of age appears to modify the relative risk of development of subsequent
      allergic disease, but the literature on this issue is not entirely conclusive.
      Breast feeding may also reduce the risk of developing other immunological
      disorders at later age, e.g. celiac disease and ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 4046490
TI  - The secretory IgA system.
AB  - The secretory IgA system is common to all mucosal membranes and is presumably of
      great importance for their defense. In addition to the secretory IgA antibodies
      produced in a mucosa in response to a local antigenic stimulus there is a spread
      of this type of IgA response via committed lymphocytes. They originate from
      central lymphoid organs in the intestinal (Peyer's patches) and bronchial mucosa
      (bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue, BALT) which they leave after antigenic
      exposure. They migrate, or "home", to exocrine glands such as the lacrimal,
      salivary, mammary and prostatic glands and mucosal membranes of the respiratory,
      gastrointestinal and genito-urinary tract. Almost half of all lymphocytes may be
      involved in the production of IgA antibodies. The secretory IgA antibodies are
      the dominating immunoglobulins in exocrine secretions on mucous membranes. They
      function primarily by preventing contact between the microbe and the host tissue
      most commonly attacked in infections, the mucous membrane. The fact that breast
      feeding protects the infant against intestinal infections is one good example of
      the clinical significance of secretory IgA antibodies. This mode of protection
      can be enhanced by vaccination.

PMID- 4046491
TI  - Selective deficiency of immunoglobulin A in children.

PMID- 4046492
TI  - Alterations of the intestinal mucosal block in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's
      disease--immunological and ultrastructural findings, and considerations of the
      pathogenesis.
AB  - The intestinal mucosa is the very site of the chronic inflammatory lesion in
      ulcerative colitis (UC) and in Crohn's disease (CD). The lamina mucosa together
      with its own and associated cellular and humoral protective properties can be
      described as the mucosal block which is functionally related to the intestinal
      and systemic immune system. Deteriorations of this mucosal block probably are of
      pathogenetic significance in UC and CD. This paper will summarize observations on
      the systemic immune system and local immune phenomena and their possible
      relations to the tissue injury in the gut. An immunopathogenetic concept intends
      to explain the chronicity of the diseases: epithelial insufficiencies of the
      mucosal block are followed by strong antigenic intrusion and stimulation of the
      local immune system with disturbance of the local immune homeostasis and the
      formation of immune complexes. The interactions of phagocytes with immune
      complexes cause the release of degrading lysosomal enzymes, which leads to
      continuous injury of the mucosal block and therefore to a perpetuation of the
      disease.

PMID- 4046493
TI  - Intestinal cow's milk allergy.
AB  - Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is multifaceted disease representing systemic, skin or
      gastrointestinal reactions to cow's milk (CM) protein. This article shortly
      reviews the intestinal form of CMA (ICMA). According us the child is allergic to
      CM when the immunologic reaction to CM is associated with clinical symptoms. The
      incidence of CMA is 1.3-1.9% in general, but the ICMA only 0.6 pro mille among
      the children less than six months of age. The majority of infants shows symptoms
      within a month of starting CM feeding. The majority of children with CMA have
      gastrointestinal symptoms. Manx of these infants has additionally dermatological
      symptoms and some respiratory symptoms. The mode of onset is often acute
      diarrhoea and vomiting, as in acute gastroenteritis. Laboratory findings indicate
      iron deficiency anemia in 20-70%. Half to two thirds of infants with chronic
      diarrhoea have moderate to severe steatorrhoea. The morphologic lesion in the
      gastrointestinal tract in ICMA is widespread, often being present from stomach to
      rectum. Jejunal lesion is most severe in the proximal part of the intestine and
      nowadays most patients have only partial villous atrophy or slight changes of the
      villi. Both the epithelium and the lamina propria of the jejunum are infiltrated
      with inflammatory cells. The morphology of the small intestine speaks for a
      strong immune reaction which leads increased destruction of surface epithelial
      cells. We recommend elimination of CM proteins to the age of 1.5 to 2 years. Most
      patients tolerate CM by the age of 2 years without symptoms. Prolonged breast
      feeding and avoidance of early contact with CM are important in reducing the
      severity and frequency of CMA.

PMID- 4046494
TI  - Unusual presentation of adverse reactions to cow's milk proteins.
AB  - Allergy to cow's milk most commonly give symptoms from the gastrointestinal
      tract, the skin or the respiratory tract. Here two patients are described, with
      symptoms not so common. One with cerebral symptoms and the other with enuresis.
      Infantile colic occurs more or less in about 20% of all infants. We have found
      that in about 1/3 of breastfed infants with infantile colic the symptoms
      disappeared when the mothers had a cow's milk free diet. We have also managed to
      analyse the content of the cow's milk protein beta-lactoglobulin in the human
      milk.

PMID- 4046495
TI  - [Immediate sensitivity of asthmatic children to dog allergens].
AB  - The occurrence of dog hypersensitivity in 203 unselected asthmatic children was
      investigated by means of skin prick test, provocation test and RAST. The history
      of past and present exposure to dogs, symptoms in contact with dogs, and the
      effects of dog avoidance were recorded. The amount of dog dander antigens was
      measured from dust samples from 67 homes using counter-immunoelectrophoresis. A
      history of past or present dog hypersensitivity was obtained for 120 subjects
      (59%). The skin prick test was found to be a sensitive method for diagnosing dog
      hypersensitivity, when a standardized allergen extract was used. The results of
      the skin prick test correlated well with the provocation test (r = 0.832) and the
      RAST (r = 0.777). A positive (greater than or equal to ++) skin reaction was
      observed in 56% of the subjects, a positive (class greater than or equal to 1)
      RAST in 69%, and a positive provocation test with the same extract in 41% of the
      subjects. The occurrence of dog hypersensitivity was not significantly associated
      with past or present exposure to dog at home. However, the children who were
      exposed to a dog at home during early childhood developed dog hypersensitivity
      symptoms significantly earlier and had dog hypersensitivity slightly more often
      than the subjects with a later exposure or no exposure to dog. Significant
      amounts of dog dander antigens were found even in dust samples from homes where
      dogs had never been kept. The effect of dog avoidance on dog dander-specific IgE
      levels was studied from sera obtained from 24 subjects. Steadily high and even
      rising levels were observed in cases when a strict avoidance of dogs was reported
      by the patient. Dog saliva was found to be a more potent and more species
      specific source of dog allergens, in comparison with a commercial dander extract,
      according to skin prick test and RAST inhibition studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4046496
TI  - Pharmacokinetic studies of the enterohepatic circulation in Gunn rats.
AB  - Pharmacokinetic investigations of bilirubin resorption by the intestine of Gunn
      rats have shown that the excretion of bilirubin is markedly dependent upon the
      frequency of defaecation. The serum bilirubin concentration is strongly affected
      by obstipation or diarrhea, so therefore the influence of diet upon this
      parameter in Gunn rats was investigated. Not only natural breast milk but also
      adapted milk strongly inhibited the resorption of bilirubin. This cannot be
      attributed to an increased defaecation frequency. Instead it is postulated that
      the resorption of bilirubin is hindered due to a masking effect of the fat
      present in the nutrient.

PMID- 4046497
TI  - Circulating IgE levels in patients with gynecological tumors.
AB  - Serum IgE levels in 148 women with a histological confirmed genital cancer of
      different stage and site and from 23 patients with benign ovarian tumors were
      determined prior to therapy. For determination of IgE an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay was used. Result obtained did not give evidence that
      circulating IgE levels are different to healthy control subjects. Findings were
      not influenced by tumor-localization, by primary tumor or recurrence.

PMID- 4046498
TI  - Human smooth muscle cells of the aorta and vena cava: different sensitivity to
      the inhibition of proliferation by heparin in vitro.
AB  - In this comparative study of the antiproliferative effect of heparin (average
      mol. weight 16 kD) a different heparin sensitivity between cultivated smooth
      muscle cells derived from the media of the human aorta and the vena cava is
      observed. Heparin induces a partial proliferation inhibition of 54% in the aortic
      and 17% in the vena cava-derived smooth muscle cells on day seven. The increase
      in cell volume suggests a selection of larger volume subpopulation of cells or an
      influence on the G2-phase of the cell cycle. Heparin and heparin-like compounds
      may develop into future therapeutic drugs for the prevention of increased smooth
      muscle cell proliferation after vessel wall injury.

PMID- 4046499
TI  - [Successful treatment of superior mesenteric artery thrombosis with local high
      dose urokinase therapy].
AB  - A 56 year old man presented with increasing abdominal pain. He suffered from
      arterial occlusive disease with occlusion of the right A. iliaca communis.
      Angiography revealed partial thrombotic occlusion of the superior mesenteric
      artery. Urokinase (UK) at a dose of 150 IU/kg X minutes and heparin (1,000 U/h)
      was infused through the 7F angiographic catheter for 180 minutes. After 70 min of
      treatment, angiography showed improvement, and after 120 min the thrombus was
      nearly completely lysed. A stenosis of approximately 50% was still present after
      180 min. Two hours after treatment the patient was pain free without analgesics.
      Laboratory studies showed systemic fibrinogenolysis, but fibrinogen was still
      within the upper normal range. Only slight systemic fibrinolytic activity (less
      than 5 IU UK/ml) could be determined. However, alpha 2-antiplasmin was depleted.
      The catheter was drawn 15 h after thrombolysis without bleeding. While under
      concurrent heparin and phenprocoumon therapy, the patient developed an infected
      gluteal hematoma as a result of i.m. injections prior to this treatment. A repeat
      angiography approximately one month after thrombolysis revealed further
      improvement and patency. The patient is well and free of abdominal angina and
      under oral anticoagulant therapy.

PMID- 4046500
TI  - Treatment of resistant hypertension by phlebotomy.
AB  - In 15 essential hypertensives resistant against a standard triple combination of
      antihypertensive drugs phlebotomy was performed. Mean arterial pressure was
      lowered from 140.1 +/- 12.2 mm Hg to 123.8 +/- 14.9 mm Hg after 14 days. No
      serious side effects were observed. The duration of the hypotensive effect of
      phlebotomy was about 4 weeks. Phlebotomy can be used in addition to drug
      treatment in resistant essential hypertension.

PMID- 4046501
TI  - Increased lipoperoxide value and glutathione peroxidase activity in blood plasma
      of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic women.
AB  - The lipoperoxide values and glutathione peroxidase activity in blood plasma,
      along with the glutathione peroxidase, catalase and cupro-zinc superoxide
      dismutase activities in erythrocytes were investigated in 60 women with Type 2
      (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and in 71 healthy women. The mean
      lipoperoxide value and the mean plasma glutathione peroxidase activity in the
      diabetic patients were significantly higher than those in the control subjects
      (lipoperoxide p less than 0.001, plasma glutathione peroxidase activity p less
      than 0.01). The plasma glutathione peroxidase activities did not, however,
      correlate with the plasma lipoperoxide values. The erythrocyte glutathione
      peroxidase activity was approximately ten times higher than that of the plasma
      glutathione peroxidase activity, nor did they correlate with each other. In
      contrast to the findings of other authors on the activities of the protective
      enzymes in erythrocytes against oxidative damage, there were no significant
      differences of erythrocytes glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide
      dismutase activities between diabetic and control women.

PMID- 4046502
TI  - [Digitalis therapy: prescription frequency, serum concentrations and withdrawal
      trials].
AB  - The frequency of therapy with digitalis glycosides was determined in 4.143
      patients on their first visit at a medical outpatient clinic. 508 (12.3%)
      patients said to take digitalis. Of 480 (94.5%) patients, a digoxin serum
      concentration was obtained. It was in 229 (47.7%) patients below, in 31 (6.5%)
      above, and in 220 (45.8%) within the therapeutic range (0.8-2.0 ng/ml). From the
      251 patients with a serum digoxin concentration greater than or equal to 0.8
      ng/ml, 220 (87.7%) were not included in a withdrawal trial on the basis of
      predetermined criteria, mainly because of cardiac diseases (52%). Digitalis
      therapy was withdrawn in 31 patients. 5 patients started to take the drug again
      on their own; they were considered drop-outs. In the remaining 26 patients, no
      symptoms of heart failure appeared during a 3-month observation period; in 2
      patients, however, atrial fibrillation requiring intervention occurred. Our
      results confirm the frequent use of digitalis therapy in Germany, but also the
      frequent presence of subtherapeutic serum digoxin concentrations. Withdrawal
      should be considered in patients with a questionable indication for this therapy;
      the occasional occurrence of supraventricular arrhythmias, and not so much of
      heart failure, should be anticipated.

PMID- 4046503
TI  - Metastatic lung tumors in children.

PMID- 4046504
TI  - Studies on sustained-release dosage forms. IV. Pharmacokinetics after rectal
      administration of nifedipine suppositories in rabbits.

PMID- 4046505
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of nifedipine and prediction of plasma concentration on
      essential hypertensive patients.

PMID- 4046506
TI  - [Clinico-morphologic changes in the liver in iron-deficiency posthemorrhagic
      anemia].

PMID- 4046507
TI  - [Higher fatty acids of the blood in viral hepatitis B and subhepatic jaundice of
      tumor origin].

PMID- 4046508
TI  - [Binding function and conformation of serum albumin in viral hepatitis].

PMID- 4046509
TI  - [Clinical picture of latent and low-activity forms of chronic hepatitis].

PMID- 4046510
TI  - [Disorders of platelet aggregation function in patients with chronic diffuse
      liver diseases].

PMID- 4046511
TI  - [Syndrome of increased esophageal peristalsis].

PMID- 4046512
TI  - [State of central hemodynamics in patients with limited arterial hypertension
      treated by methods not using drugs].

PMID- 4046513
TI  - [Clinical manifestations and treatment of ischemic heart disease and hypertension
      in invalids and participants in World War II 1941-1945].

PMID- 4046515
TI  - [Significance of streptococci in the etiology of current hospital infections].

PMID- 4046514
TI  - [Migratory and adhesive activity of neutrophils in patients with inflammatory and
      pyo-destructive lung diseases].

PMID- 4046516
TI  - [Clinical laboratory assessment of delayed type hypersensitivity reactions based
      on data of skin tests in patients with suppurative surgical infections].

PMID- 4046517
TI  - [Clinical diversity of drug complications].

PMID- 4046518
TI  - [Means of increasing the activity of antimicrobial preparations in suppurative
      diseases].

PMID- 4046519
TI  - [Inhibition of serum antibodies in patients with recurrent erysipelas].

PMID- 4046520
TI  - [Infectious complications in patients with blood diseases following splenectomy].

PMID- 4046521
TI  - [Viral hepatitis and lambliasis].

PMID- 4046522
TI  - [Use of hemosorption in patients with ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 4046523
TI  - [Functional and morphological status of the stomach and its correction in
      patients with allergic dermatoses].

PMID- 4046524
TI  - [Neuroendocrine factors in determining the indications for vagotomy in patients
      with duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 4046525
TI  - [Microcirculation and transcapillary metabolism in obese patients].

PMID- 4046526
TI  - [A case of Hamman-Rich disease with gastroduodenal ulcers and hemorrhage].

PMID- 4046527
TI  - [Thyroid crisis in a patient with drug-induced agranulocytosis].

PMID- 4046528
TI  - [Agranulocytic reaction in tick-borne encephalitis].

PMID- 4046529
TI  - [Treatment of anemia].

PMID- 4046530
TI  - [Clinical value and use of the International Classification of Diseases].

PMID- 4046531
TI  - [Current concepts on the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of rheumatoid
      arthritis].

PMID- 4046532
TI  - [Eosinophilic granuloma of the stomach].

PMID- 4046533
TI  - [Variants of the course and the principles of prevention and treatment of
      bronchial asthma].

PMID- 4046534
TI  - [Young people and clinical medicine].

PMID- 4046535
TI  - [Chronic lymphoreticular lung diseases].

PMID- 4046536
TI  - [Effectiveness of nicotinic and acetylsalicylic acids in the complex treatment of
      acute pneumonia].

PMID- 4046537
TI  - [Correction of hemorheological disorders in patients with chronic obstructive
      bronchitis].

PMID- 4046538
TI  - [Granulomatous diseases].

PMID- 4046539
TI  - [Cytochemical indicators and the activity of neutrophils in patients with
      botulism].

PMID- 4046540
TI  - [Effectiveness of immunocorrective therapy of recurrent erysipelas].

PMID- 4046541
TI  - [Difficulties in the diagnosis of fascioliasis].

PMID- 4046542
TI  - [Hepato-renal insufficiency in food poisoning in patients with alcoholic liver
      cirrhosis].

PMID- 4046543
TI  - [Organ-specific enzymes in different variants of viral hepatitis].

PMID- 4046544
TI  - [Plasmapheresis in the complex treatment of suppurative-septic complications of
      acute surgical diseases of the abdominal organs].

PMID- 4046545
TI  - Parameters of renal function in the rat are frequently expressed per gram kidney
      weight for purposes of normalization.

PMID- 4046546
TI  - Characterization of strain specific typing antisera for genetic monitoring of
      inbred strains of rats.
AB  - Strain-specific typing antisera (SSTA) were prepared for six inbred strains of
      rats by using a pooled immunization protocol. The SSTA were used in both a
      haemagglutination assay and a complement dependent microcytotoxicity assay to
      compare the usefulness of the two test systems. Both assays were simple, reliable
      and repeatable, and each system had distinct advantages and disadvantages. The
      haemagglutination assay was faster and required less specialized equipment than
      the microcytotoxicity assay. On the other hand, interpretation of results in the
      microcytotoxicity assay was easier and more objective. It was concluded that SSTA
      could be used with the microcytotoxicity assay and/or the haemagglutination assay
      to provide a simple and effective genetic monitoring method for inbred strain of
      rats.

PMID- 4046547
TI  - Captive propagation of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) in harems.
AB  - A small breeding colony of captive vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops),
      consisting of ten single male harem groups, was established in Kenya. Vervets
      were extremely prone to stress after capture and manipulative procedures led to
      high mortalities. Six weeks were required for partial habituation, after which
      routine handling was not too problematic. However, complete adjustment to
      captivity took a minimum of one year. Establishment of stable breeding groups
      from adult animals initially proved difficult because of fighting among females.
      Once harem groups stabilized, reproductive rate was high with just under 90%
      pregnancies and 85% livebirths annually. Births exhibited a seasonal pattern
      similar to that reported from wild populations in Kenya.

PMID- 4046548
TI  - Increased bone calcium following endurance exercise in the mature female rat.
AB  - In order to determine the effects of exercise on the calcium status of selected
      axial and appendicular bones of mature rats, female Sprague-Dawley rats (8-9 mo.)
      were divided into three groups including, two months (E2, n = 8) or four months
      (E4, n = 9) of exercise, and four month sedentary controls (S, n = 10). Exercise
      consisted of treadmill running for 1 hr/day, 5 days/wk at a speed of 14.1 m/min
      and 8 degrees elevation. After sacrifice all femurs, tibia/fibula complexes, ribs
      (T7), and vertebrae (T7) were excised, cleaned, weighed and measured for length
      and volume. After freeze-drying and bone hydrolysis in 5N HCl, total bone calcium
      contents and concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically. The acid
      soluble, appendicular bone calcium contents of the E4 group were significantly
      greater than S for the femur and tibia respectively: E4 = 159.78 +/- 3.44 mg
      (mean +/- SEM), 129.46 +/- 4.87 mg; S = 140.03 +/- 5.04 mg, 110.40 +/- 4.71 mg.
      Bone calcium concentration (mg/g dry bone) also was significantly greater in the
      tibia/fibulas, ribs and vertebrae of the E4 group than the S group. With respect
      to other training-induced effects, the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, as
      well as the heart and lung DNA and protein concentrations did not change after
      four months of exercise training. Within four months, moderate exercise can
      increase the calcium deposition in the bones of mature, female rats.

PMID- 4046549
TI  - A commercially available assay kit for determining aldosterone concentration in
      non-extracted rat serum.
AB  - A commercially available assay for aldosterone that requires no extraction was
      found to be valid without modification for rat serum. The assay was performed in
      duplicate on as little as 0.5 cc of rat serum and gave linear results from 5
      ng/dl to 500 ng/dl, (i.e., the physiological range of the rat). Samples above 150
      ng/dl had to be diluted in this assay. The cost per sample if performed in
      duplicate and in batches was approximately one dollar. We found that this assay,
      which was developed for and is marketed for determining aldosterone concentration
      in human samples, offered a cost effective assay for aldosterone determination in
      the rat.

PMID- 4046550
TI  - Use of streptomycin and isoniazid during a tuberculosis epizootic in a rhesus and
      cynomolgus breeding colony.
AB  - An epizootic of tuberculosis occurred following the addition of new cynomolgus
      monkeys to a nonhuman primate breeding colony. A total of 5/47 cynomolgus and
      51/148 rhesus became tuberculin positive (reactors). Mycobacterium tuberculosis
      was cultured from reactors which were euthanatized and monkeys which died
      spontaneously. The isolates were sensitive to the standard antitubercular agents.
      Rhesus reactors and their unweaned infants were quarantined and given
      streptomycin and isoniazid by intramuscular injection. Isoniazid was added to the
      drinking water quarantined and given streptomycin and isoniazid by intramuscular
      injection. Isoniazid was added to the drinking water of the remainder of the
      breeding colony to curtail the outbreak. Isoniazid toxicity was observed in both
      infants and adults with an overall incidence of 3%. Forty-eight rhesus reactors
      and their infants born before the outbreak were alive and healthy at the end of
      the treatment period. In addition, nine surviving infants were born during the 6
      month treatment period. Tuberculin tests were still positive in many of the
      treated reactors following treatment. In this epizootic, the institution of
      quarantine and chemotherapy instead of euthanasia resulted in significant
      savings.

PMID- 4046552
TI  - Surgical correction of genital prolapse in three rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Three adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in a breeding colony of
      approximately 75 adult females developed a clinical condition characterized by
      protrusion of the cervix through the vulva during pregnancy and/or following
      parturition. The Gilliam round-ligament uterine ventro-suspension procedure
      (hereafter called the Gilliam uterine suspension or uterine suspension procedure)
      was used to return the cervix to a normal anatomical position. Following the
      procedure, one female delivered a normal live infant, but reprolapsed. After a
      second suspension procedure, she again became pregnant and delivered a normal
      live infant without a reoccurrence of the prolapse. A second animal never became
      pregnant despite repeated breedings to different males for two years. The third
      animal became pregnant twice following the procedure. The first pregnancy
      terminated in abortion at two months of gestation, while the second pregnancy
      ended in an apparent dystocia, necessitating a cesarean section and delivery of a
      dead fetus. The animal died post-operatively. This surgical procedure
      successfully salvaged one of these animals which otherwise had no reproductive
      future.

PMID- 4046551
TI  - Subacute nonsuppurative hepatitis associated with hepatitis B virus infection in
      two cynomolgus monkeys.
AB  - Subacute, nonsuppurative hepatitis was diagnosed in a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca
      fascicularis) based on histopathologic examination of a liver biopsy specimen.
      Clinical signs of illness included anorexia, lethargy and hepatomegaly. Abnormal
      laboratory findings included elevations of serum liver enzymes, bilirubin and a
      monocytosis. Circulating antibody (anti-HBs) against Hepatitis B surface antigen
      (HBsAg) was present in serum and antigens reactive with anti-HBsAg antiserum were
      found in the liver using an immunoperoxidase technique. Of the remaining 18
      healthy monkeys in the same room, another cynomolgus monkey was HBsAg
      seropositive. Both of the seropositive monkeys involved arrived on the same
      shipment from Indonesia and had been quarantined and housed together continuously
      during the preceding two years.

PMID- 4046553
TI  - Spontaneous Pasteurella pneumonia in adult laboratory goats complicated by
      superinfection with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Muellerius capillaris.
AB  - Three cases of Pasteurella pneumonia in laboratory goats were diagnosed during a
      21 month period. Two goats died acutely and a third was euthanized after four
      weeks of unsuccessful therapy. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from the lung
      lesions of all three goats. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Muellerius
      capillaris also were present in the lungs of the third goat. Pasteurella
      infections were associated with fibrino-hemorrhagic-necrotizing pleuritis and
      pneumonia, while lungs superinfected with Corynebacterium also contained
      microabcesses. The gross and histologic lesions are described and diagnosis,
      treatment and prevention are discussed.

PMID- 4046554
TI  - Failure of yohimbine to reverse ketamine anesthesia in rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Yohimbine hydrochloride has been used experimentally to reverse the anesthetic
      effects of ketamine and xylazine in dogs, cats, cattle and mule deer, but there
      are no reports of its use in nonhuman primates. Nine adult female rhesus monkeys
      were given an intravenous dose of either 0.5 mg/kg yohimbine hydrochloride or
      saline 10 minutes after intramuscular administration of 10 mg/kg ketamine
      hydrochloride. There was no difference in the duration of anesthesia between the
      yohimbine and saline treatments, suggesting yohimbine is not effective in the
      rhesus monkey.

PMID- 4046555
TI  - Isolated cardiac myocytes: is their response to injury relevant to our
      understanding of ischemic injury, in vivo.

PMID- 4046556
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of glycocalyx domains in human kidney podocytes
      using the lectin-gold technique.
AB  - The lectin-gold technique was used to reveal Helix pomatia lectin (HPL)-binding
      sites in human kidney glomeruli. HPL-binding sites were associated mainly with
      podocyte foot process bases, and extended over the lamina rara externa of the
      glomerular basement membrane. In addition, kidneys from blood group A1 donors
      showed labeling of capillary endothelial cells and erythrocytes. After
      neuraminidase digestion of the sections prior to incubation with HPL-gold
      complexes, HPL-binding sites appeared on previously negative regions of the
      glomerulus. This increase in labeling was particularly striking at the level of
      the podocyte-free surface (adjacent to the urinary space) in all kidneys, and on
      capillary endothelial cells from donors of blood groups other than A1. These
      results demonstrate the existence of two distinct glycocalyx domains in human
      kidney podocytes, and show the application of the lectin-gold technique for the
      high resolution, ultrastructural detection and quantification of lectin-binding
      sites in human material.

PMID- 4046557
TI  - Arrest and extravasation of B16 amelanotic melanoma in murine lungs. A light and
      electron microscopic study.
AB  - The arrest and extravasation of tail vein-injected B16 amelanotic melanoma (B16a)
      cells, disaggregated from subcutaneous tumors, were studied at intervals from 10
      minutes to 5 days in lungs of C57BL6J mice. Tumor cells were found in the
      pulmonary vasculature at 10 minutes postinjection and were commonly associated
      with platelets and fibrin. Tumor cells with associated thrombi increased,
      reaching a peak at 4 hours. Arrest of the B16a melanoma tumor cells appears to
      involve contact with endothelial plasma membrane, often with adjacent but not
      interposed platelet and fibrin thrombus formation. The tumor cell-associated
      thrombi subsequently decreased in frequency and were rarely found after 48 hours.
      The arrested tumor cells were initially in contact with the endothelial cells,
      which were gradually displaced by tumor cells achieving contact with the vascular
      basal lamina (BL). Initial contact with the vascular BL was observed at 4 hours,
      with a progressive increase in contact over the subsequent 2 days. Blood flow was
      commonly reestablished past the BL-attached tumor cells after dissolution of the
      thrombi. Mitotic figures in the tumor cells attached to the BL were frequent
      after 24 hours and the tumor appeared to proliferate intravascularly along the
      basal lamina. Penetration of the BL by tumor cell cytoplasmic processes was first
      observed at 3 days with continued dissolution of the vascular BL developing
      through day 5. Extravasation occurred through a combination of intravascular
      tumor cell proliferation and destruction of vascular BL by the B16a cells.
      Migration or diapedesis of the tumor cells was not observed in any of the time
      periods studied.

PMID- 4046558
TI  - Chondrodysplasia in the Alaskan malamute. Characterization of proteoglycans
      dissociatively extracted from dwarf growth plates.
AB  - Proteoglycan monomers obtained from the dissociative extraction of growth plate
      cartilages of chondrodysplastic and homozygous nonaffected Alaskan malamute dogs
      were characterized with regard to hydrodynamic size and glycosaminoglycan
      composition. Dissociative extraction solubilized 91.7% of the uronic acid and
      71.7% of the protein from dwarf growth plates compared to 76.8% of the uronic
      acid and 50.2% of the protein from normal growth plates. Dissociative density
      gradient ultracentrifugation of the extracts resulted in the recovery of 84% of
      the uronic acid from dwarf growth plates and 71% of the uronic acid from normal
      growth plates in the D1 fraction. High-pressure liquid chromatography of the
      dwarf D1 monomers revealed a single peak with a retention time of 8.6 minutes
      while the normal D1 monomers eluted later with a retention time of 8.9 minutes.
      After reduction of the dwarf D1 monomers, the chondroitin sulfate side chains
      eluted from Sepharose CL-6B with an approximate molecular weight of 15,000 (Kav
      of 0.55) while those from the normal eluted with an estimated molecular weight of
      9,500 (Kav of 0.64). High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of the
      unsaturated disaccharides from the dwarf D1 fractions revealed increased amounts
      of chondroitin-6-sulfate. Analysis of the fractions for glucosamine and
      galactosamine revealed that dwarf D1 and D2 fractions were enriched in
      galactosamine. These findings indicate that the extracellular matrices of dwarf
      growth plates contain proteoglycan monomers which may be indicative of a less
      mature extracellular cartilage matrix than the cartilage matrices of age-matched
      normal dogs.

PMID- 4046559
TI  - The effect of conformity and plastic thickness on contact stresses in metal
      backed plastic implants.
AB  - Surface damage in polyethylene components for total joint replacement is
      associated with large contact stresses. An elasticity solution and finite element
      analyses were used to determine the influence of design parameters on the
      stresses due to contact in metal-backed components. For nearly conforming contact
      surfaces, it was found that the stresses in the plastic are very sensitive to
      clearance, that minimum plastic thickness of 4-6 mm should be maintained for
      metal-backed components, and that bonding the plastic to the metal backing
      reduces tensile stresses in the plastic at the edge of the contact zone.

PMID- 4046560
TI  - Turbulent stresses in the region of a Hancock porcine bioprosthetic aortic valve.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to measure stresses associated with turbulence
      (Reynolds stresses), in the region of a 29-mm-dia porcine bioprosthetic valve
      (Hancock, Model 242). Studies were performed in an in vitro pulse duplicating
      system with the valve mounted in the aortic position. The Reynolds stresses were
      calculated from velocities obtained with a two channel laser Doppler anemometer.
      The largest Reynolds shear stress and normal stress occurred at the highest
      stroke volume used (80 mL). Averaged over ejection they were 38 dynes/cm2 and 380
      dynes/cm2, respectively. The maximal instantaneous Reynolds shear stress was 2500
      dynes/cm2 and the maximal instantaneous Reynolds normal stress was 6800
      dynes/cm2. Stresses of these magnitudes are in the range reported to damage
      platelets.

PMID- 4046561
TI  - Singular perturbation analysis of the nonlinear, flow-dependent compressive
      stress relaxation behavior of articular cartilage.
AB  - The dominant mechanism giving rise to the viscoelastic response of articular
      cartilage during compression is the nonlinear diffusive interaction of the fluid
      and solid phases of the tissue as they flow relative to one another. The present
      study is concerned with the role of this interaction under uniaxial stress
      relaxation in compression. The model is a biphasic mixture of fluid and solid
      which incorporates the strain-dependent permeability found earlier from
      permeation experiments. When a ramp-displacement is imposed on the articular
      surface, simple, but accurate, asymptotic approximations are derived for the
      deformation and stress fields in the tissue for slow and moderately fast rates of
      compression. They are shown to agree very well with experiment and they provide a
      simple means for determining the material parameters. Moreover, they lead to
      important insights into the role of the flow-dependent viscoelastic nature of
      articular cartilage and other hydrated biological tissues.

PMID- 4046562
TI  - A transient heating technique for the measurement of thermal properties of
      perfused biological tissue.
AB  - Knowledge of tissue thermal transport properties is imperative for any
      therapeutic medical tool which employs the localized application of heat to
      perfused biological tissue. In this study, several techniques are proposed to
      measure local tissue thermal diffusion by heating with a focused ultrasound
      field. Transient as well as near steady-state heat inputs are discussed and
      examined for their suitability as a measurement technique for either tissue
      thermal diffusivity or perfusion rate. It is shown that steady-state methods are
      better suited for the measurement of perfusion; however the uncertainty in the
      perfusion measurement is directly related to knowledge of the tissue's intrinsic
      thermal diffusivity. Results are presented for a transient thermal pulse
      technique for the measurement of the thermal diffusivity of perfused and
      nonperfused tissues, in vitro and in vivo. Measurements conducted in plexiglas,
      animal muscle, kidney and brain concur with tabulated values and show a scatter
      from 5-15 percent from the mean; measurements made in perfused muscle and brain
      compare well with the nonperfused values. An estimate of the error introduced by
      the effect of perfusion shows that except for highly perfused kidney tissue the
      effect of perfusion is less than the experimental scatter. This validation of the
      tissue heat transfer model will allow its eventual extension to the simultaneous
      measurement of local tissue thermal diffusivity and perfusion.

PMID- 4046563
TI  - A comparative evaluation of unconstrained optimization methods applied to the
      thermal tomography problem.
AB  - In cancer hyperthermia treatments, it is important to be able to predict complete
      tissue temperature fields from sampled temperatures taken at the limited number
      of locations allowed by clinical constraints. An initial attempt to do this
      automatically using unconstrained optimization techniques to minimize the
      differences between experimental temperatures and temperatures predicted from
      treatment simulations has been previously reported [1]. This paper reports on a
      comparative study which applies a range of different optimization techniques
      (relaxation, steepest descent, conjugate gradient, Gauss, Box-Kanemasu, and
      Modified Box-Kanemasu) to this problem. The results show that the Gauss method
      converges more rapidly than the others, and that it converges to the correct
      solution regardless of the initial guess for the unknown blood perfusion vector.
      A sensitivity study of the error space is also performed, and the relationships
      between the error space characteristics and the comparative speeds of the
      optimization techniques are discussed.

PMID- 4046564
TI  - Numerical analysis of the thermochemical tooth damage induced by laser radiation.
AB  - A numerical model is developed to predict zones of thermochemical tooth damage
      induced by laser radiation. Particular attention is devoted to pulp denaturation,
      enamel fracture and caries sterilization treatment dependence on laser energy and
      other beam parameters.

PMID- 4046565
TI  - Fluid dynamic study in a femoral artery branch casting of man with upstream main
      lumen curvature for steady flow.
AB  - An in-vitro, steady flow investigation was conducted in a hollow, transparent
      vascular replica of the profunda femoris branch of man for a range of
      physiological flow conditions. The replica casting tested was obtained from a
      human cadaver and indicated some plaque formation along the main lumen and
      branch. The flow visualization observations and measured pressure distributions
      indicated the highly three-dimensional flow characteristics with arterial
      curvature and branching, and the important role of centrifugal effects in fluid
      transport mechanisms.

PMID- 4046566
TI  - Finite element analysis of a three-dimensional open-celled model for trabecular
      bone.
AB  - Based on a regular array of cubic unit cells, each containing a body-centered
      spherical void, we created an idealized three-dimensional model for both
      subchondral trabecular bone and a class of porous foams. By considering only face
      to-face stacking of unit cells, the inherent symmetry was such that, except at
      the surface, the displacements and stresses within any one unit cell were
      representative of the entire porous structure. Using prescribed displacements the
      model was loaded in both uniaxial compressive strain and uniaxial shear strain.
      Based on the response to these loads, we found the tensor of elastic constants
      for an equivalent homogeneous elastic solid with cubic symmetry. We then compared
      the predicted modulus with our experimental values for bovine trabecular bone and
      literature values for an open-celled latex rubber foam.

PMID- 4046567
TI  - Experimental investigation of branch flow ratio, angle, and Reynolds number
      effects on the pressure and flow fields in arterial branch models.
AB  - An experimental investigation was carried out to acquire an understanding of
      local pressure changes and flow along the main lumen of arterial branch models
      similar to the femoral artery of man with three different branch angles (30, 60,
      and 90 deg) and side branch to the main lumen diameter ratio of 0.4. Effects of
      branch to main lumen flow rate ratios and physiological Reynolds numbers were
      found to be significant on the local pressure changes, while that of branch angle
      was also found to be important. The flow visualization study revealed that the
      flow separated in the main lumen near the branch junction when the pressure rise
      coefficient along the main lumen was above a critical value (i.e., 0.35 - 0.46),
      which was observed to be a function of the Reynolds number. The critical value of
      the branch to main lumen flow rate ratio was found to be about 0.38 - 0.44 also
      depending on the Reynolds number. Time averaged pressure distributions for
      pulsatile flow were similar in trend to steady flow values although they differed
      somewhat in detail in the main lumen in the branch region.

PMID- 4046568
TI  - On the detection of messages carried in arterial pulse waves.
AB  - The hypothesis is made that a disturbance in blood flow at one place can be
      detected in the arterial pulse waves at a distant site. This hypothesis was
      motivated by the traditional Chinese medicine which uses arterial pulse waves as
      a principal means of diagnosis. We formulated a test by asking whether a
      disturbance to the blood flow in a leg can be detected by changes in the pulse
      waves in the radial arteries. In particular, we ask whether the radial artery can
      differentiate a disturbance in the right leg from that in the left leg. We put
      force transducers on the radial arteries, depressed them by a specific amount,
      and recorded the force waves in response to a 2-min occlusion of the blood flow
      in the right or left tibial artery. The results show that the radial artery force
      waves do change in response to the flow disturbance. For a given individual, the
      force varies with the location of the force transducer on the radial artery, the
      specific amount of initial depression, and the right or left leg occlusion.
      Generally, an occlusion in the right leg reduces the force level in both radial
      arteries, the more so in the right radial artery than in the left. Although the
      discrimination is not very strong, the phenomenon is novel, and warrants further
      investigation.

PMID- 4046569
TI  - Analysis of functional scoliosis by means of an anisotropic beam model of the
      human spine.
AB  - An upright, muscle-relaxed human spine, suffering from a mild functional
      scoliosis, caused by a small difference in leg length, is modeled as an
      anisotropic, elastic beam. The lower end of the beam is built-in in a fixed body,
      i.e., the laterally tilted pelvis. The upper end is rigidly attached to a rigid
      body, i.e., the supported upper part of the trunk, which is supposed to move
      freely in the frontal plane. It is shown that the characteristic scoliotic
      curvature of the spine, observed on an X-ray picture, can be reproduced by means
      of buckling analysis of the beam model, using realistic values of geometric and
      loading parameters and a properly chosen bending stiffness, which is found to be
      in reasonable agreement with earlier experimental findings. The analysis also
      shows that the muscle-relaxed upright equilibrium position of the spine is
      mechanically unstable.

PMID- 4046570
TI  - Constant strain increment for exponential tendons in the high-stress limit.

PMID- 4046571
TI  - Thoracic trauma study: rib markings on the lung due to impact are marks of
      collapse alveoli, not hemorrhage.

PMID- 4046572
TI  - Production of object words and action words: evidence for a relationship between
      phonology and semantics.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to examine a potential semantic
      phonological interaction in children whose speech was limited to single-word
      utterances. The action word and object word productions of language-normal and
      language-impaired children were examined in two experiments. The results of the
      first revealed that the percentage of consonants produced correctly within the
      spontaneous speech of both subject groups was higher for object words. The second
      experiment involved examining the children's productions of unfamiliar object and
      action words that had been presented over 10 experimental sessions. The findings
      indicated the production advantage for object words was maintained even when
      certain input factors were controlled. The greater semantic complexity of action
      words as compared to object words may account for the difference in production
      accuracy.

PMID- 4046573
TI  - Threshold and suprathreshold correlations for the oral tactile sensory mechanism.
AB  - The possible relationship between threshold and suprathreshold responses for the
      lingual tactile system was investigated. Lingual vibrotactile thresholds and
      suprathreshold magnitude function exponents were correlated for 26 adult
      subjects. A statistical analysis of the correlations indicated that there was no
      significant relationship between thresholds and exponents. Vibrotactile threshold
      and suprathreshold information may be useful in increasing understanding of the
      complexities of oral somesthesis.

PMID- 4046574
TI  - Linguistic environment of the deaf child: a focus on teachers' use of nonliteral
      language.
AB  - Teachers' communication with deaf and hearing children was compared to identify
      differences in the teachers' use of two types of nonliteral language: idiomatic
      language and indirect requests. Two groups of teachers of the deaf were observed,
      one using oral language only and the other using Total Communication. A third
      group consisted of teachers of normally hearing children. No differences were
      found in teachers' use of nonliteral language when talking to hearing children as
      compared to teachers talking to oral deaf children. Reduced use of idiomatic
      language occurred, in both the oral and signed portions of communication, only
      when Total Communication was used. No differences were observed in the oral
      portion of the three groups' use of indirect requests. However, only 55% of these
      requests were encoded nonliterally in the signed portion of utterances.

PMID- 4046575
TI  - Acoustic dimensions of hearing-impaired speakers' intelligibility.
AB  - Regression and principal components analyses were employed to study the
      relationship between three measures of speech intelligibility and 12 segmental,
      prosodic, and hearing ability parameters in 20 severely to profoundly hearing
      impaired speakers. Regression analyses on the original 12 parameters revealed
      that cognate pair voice onset time differences and mean sentence duration
      strongly predicted speech intelligibility based on readings of isolated word and
      contextual speech material. A principal components analysis derived four factors
      that accounted for the majority of the variance in the original 12 parameters.
      Subsequent regression analyses using the four factors as predictor variables
      revealed two factors with strong relationships to the speech intelligibility
      measures. One factor primarily reflected segmental production processes related
      to the temporal and spatial differentiation of phonemes, whereas the other factor
      reflected prosodic features and production stability. These results are
      consistent with prior research that suggests independent primary and secondary
      roles for segmental and prosodic speech characteristics, respectively, in
      determining intelligibility in severely to profoundly hearing-impaired speakers.

PMID- 4046576
TI  - Word recognition performance with modified CID W-22 word lists.
AB  - Abbreviated CID W-22 lists were administered to large groups of normal and
      hearing-impaired listeners to test the hypothesis, that fewer, judiciously chosen
      items can be used to test word recognition without compromising test accuracy.
      Data were analyzed by comparing each subject's performance on half- and 10-word
      lists to full-list scores. Sensitivity and specificity for various sublists and
      for several pass/fail criteria were calculated. Results show that fewer than the
      traditional 50 items can be used in word recognition test procedures if the words
      are sufficiently difficult and strict passing criteria are employed. We recommend
      terminating testing after 10 words if no errors occur and after 25 words if there
      are no more than four errors. Otherwise, a full 50-item list should be
      administered.

PMID- 4046577
TI  - Onset of voicing in stuttered and fluent utterances.
AB  - Electroglottographic (EGG) and acoustic waveforms of the first few glottal pulses
      of voicing were monitored and voice onset time (VOT) measured during an
      adaptation task performed by stutterers and controls. The fluent utterances of
      stutterers resembled those of control subjects. After dysfluencies, however, the
      EGG signal increased gradually, lending physiological support to the technique of
      "easy onset" of voicing. EGG waveforms also served to help differentiate mild
      from severe stutterers. Idiosyncratic ritualized laryngeal behavior, sometimes
      including physiological tremor, was evident in the EGG record.

PMID- 4046578
TI  - Maximum voluntary closing forces in the upper and lower lips of humans.
AB  - Forces generated by facial muscles during speech production have previously been
      estimated to involve up to 20% of maximum voluntary closing force. The gross
      nature of this estimate is due, in part, to the complex relationship between
      muscle contraction and three-dimensional tissue conformation and to the lack of
      data concerning maximum force. The objective of the present study was to
      determine the maximum voluntary closing forces for the upper and lower lips in
      male and female adults. The results indicate the maximum force capabilities for
      the lower lip to be approximately three times greater than for the upper lip.
      Male subjects generated significantly greater lip closing forces than female
      subjects. The large difference between the upper and lower lips as force plants
      is discussed in relation to speech function and skilled motor behavior.

PMID- 4046579
TI  - Visemes observed by hearing-impaired and normal-hearing adult viewers.
AB  - A series of VCV nonsense syllables formed with 23 consonants and the vowels /a/,
      /i/, /u/, and / / was presented on videotape without sound to 5 hearing-impaired
      adults and 5 adults with normal hearing. The two-fold purpose was (a) to
      determine whether the two groups would perform the same in their identification
      of visemes and (b) to observe whether the identification of visemes is influenced
      by vowel context. There were no differences between the two groups either with
      respect to the overall percentage of items correct or to the visemes identified.
      Noticeable differences occurred in viseme identification between the /u/ context
      and the other 3 vowel contexts; visemes with /a/ differed slightly from those
      with / / and /i/; and there were no differences in viseme identification for / /
      and /i/ contexts. Findings were in general agreement with other studies with
      respect to the visemes identified, provided it is acknowledged that changes can
      occur depending on variables such as talkers, stimuli, recording and viewing
      conditions, training procedures, and statistical criteria. A composite grouping
      consists of /p,b,m/; /f,v/; /theta sigma/; /w,r/; /tS,d3S,3/; and
      /t,d,s,k,n,g,l/.

PMID- 4046580
TI  - Probe-determined hearing-aid gain compared to functional and coupler gains.
AB  - In this investigation, hearing-aid gain as measured by a probe-earmold system was
      compared with gain determined from couplers (HA-2 coupler and ear simulator) and
      functional-gain measurements. Fifteen subjects with moderate sensorineural
      hearing loss were tested under aided and unaided conditions in the sound field.
      In order to determine the effect of the occluded ear canal length on these
      results, an optical method was developed using an operating microscope to measure
      the length of the individual subject's occluded ear canal. The results indicate
      that gain, as measured by the probe-earmold system, corrected for effects of
      occluded ear canal length, agrees closely with functional and ear-simulator gain
      through 4.0 kHz. At the frequencies of 5.0 and 6.0 kHz the probe-earmold system
      underestimated gain particularly when compared to measurements conducted with the
      ear simulator. Other comparisons were also made between gain measured in a HA-2
      coupler and functional gain. The average differences between these measurements
      of gain agree with several previous investigations, but individual variation
      around the average difference was smaller than previously reported.

PMID- 4046581
TI  - Empty speech in Alzheimer's disease and fluent aphasia.
AB  - Fourteen measures of empty speech during a picture description task were examined
      in four subject groups--patients with Alzheimer's dementia, Wernicke's aphasias,
      anomic aphasias, and normal controls--to discover if these groups could be
      distinguished on the basis of their discourse. Patients with Alzheimer's dementia
      were distinguished from patients with Wernicke's aphasia by producing more empty
      phrases and conjunctions, whereas patients with Wernicke's aphasia produced more
      neologisms, and verbal and literal paraphasias. The demented patients shared many
      empty speech characteristics with patients with anomic aphasia. Naming deficits,
      as measured by confrontation naming tasks, did not correlate with empty discourse
      production. Our findings may be useful clinically for distinguishing these
      different patient groups.

PMID- 4046582
TI  - Magnitude estimation of loudness. III: Performance of selected hearing aid users.
AB  - Aided and unaided loudness functions for narrow-band noise stimuli were obtained
      from hearing-impaired listeners with a magnitude estimation procedure. A
      comparison of aided loudness functions with those obtained from normal-hearing
      subjects suggests that the hearing aids did not restore normal loudness relations
      among the spectral components of speech stimuli. Instead, aided loudness
      functions tend to reflect an interaction between the abnormal loudness growth
      that frequently characterizes sensorineural hearing loss and the saturation
      characteristics of the hearing aid.

PMID- 4046583
TI  - Interruptions as a variable in stuttering and disfluency.
AB  - Parental verbal behavior is often cited as a major precipitating and maintaining
      factor in the onset and development of stuttering. Parents are frequently
      counseled to avoid interrupting their stuttering child. The purpose of the
      present study was to determine (a) whether mothers of preschool stutterers
      interrupt children's speech more frequently than mothers of nonstutterers, (b)
      whether stutterers interrupt the speech of mothers more frequently than
      nonstutterers, and (c) whether there is relationship between interruptive
      behavior and the occurrence of children's disfluencies. Twenty-four preschool
      boys (12 stutterers and 12 nonstutterers) and their mothers participated in the
      study. Ten-min, conversational speech samples of mothers interacting with their
      own children, unfamiliar stutterers, and unfamiliar nonstutterers were analyzed.
      Results indicated that mothers of nonstutterers interrupted the disfluent speech
      of stutterers significantly more often than did mothers of stutterers. Most
      importantly, all mothers interrupted children's disfluent speech significantly
      more than they interrupted children's fluent speech. Further, all children
      demonstrated a tendency to be disfluent when they interrupted a mother.

PMID- 4046584
TI  - Mother and child speech rates as a variable in stuttering and disfluency.
AB  - Three questions were addressed in this study: (a) Do mothers of stuttering
      children talk faster than mothers of nonstuttering children, (b) do stuttering
      children talk faster than nonstuttering children, and (c) is there a relationship
      between child's rate of speech and mother's rate of speech in dyadic
      conversation? Twelve nonstuttering preschool boys and their mothers were matched
      with 12 stutterers and their mothers. Ten min of free-play interaction between
      alternated mother-child dyads were video recorded. Speech rates, defined as
      syllables per second in fluent utterances, were calculated. Results demonstrated
      that mothers of stutterers talked significantly faster to all children.
      Stutterers spoke slower than nonstutterers, and severe stutterers spoke slower
      than moderate stutterers. A correlational analysis revealed that the more the
      child stuttered, the slower he talked during fluent speech. Further, the slower
      the child talked during fluent speech, the faster the mother interacting with him
      talked. The results reveal an interactive and complex relationship between mother
      and child speech rates. The interpretation of results relating to child speech
      rates was complicated by post hoc analyses revealing a significant relationship
      between speech rates and utterance length.

PMID- 4046585
TI  - Diotic loudness summation in normal and impaired hearing.
AB  - Diotic loudness summation at 500 and 2000 Hz was measured in 10 normal-hearing
      and 10 cochlear-impaired listeners. Diotic stimuli were matched in loudness to
      monaural "standards" of 70, 80, and 90 dB SPL. Diotic loudness summation averaged
      about 9 dB at 500 Hz for both groups. At 2000 Hz, the hearing-impaired listeners
      showed reduced diotic loudness summation at the 70-and 80-dB levels, but showed
      normal diotic loudness summation (about 9 dB) at the 90-dB level. The results
      indicate that diotic loudness summation is normal in cochlear-impaired ears,
      provided that the stimuli are presented sufficiently above threshold.

PMID- 4046586
TI  - Child meets word: "fast mapping" in preschool children.
AB  - "Fast mapping" (Carey & Bartlett, 1978) is a hypothesized process enabling
      children to rapidly create lexical representations for the unfamiliar words they
      encounter. In this study, 35 normal preschool children, ages 2:1-5:11
      (years:months), were exposed to a monosyllabic nonsense word and its novel object
      referent. On first exposure, 91% of the subjects inferred the connection between
      the novel word and referent. After this single encounter, 81% correctly
      identified the referent on hearing its label a second time. After hearing the new
      word twice, 45% were able to produce at least two of its three phonemes in
      labeling the novel referent. Of those children who did not attempt to label the
      novel referent, a significant percentage recognized the correct label. In
      addition, a significant percentage of subjects recalled some nonlinguistic
      information associated with the referent. Normal preschoolers appear to create
      fast mappings containing a great deal of linguistic and nonlinguistic information
      on the basis of even brief, casual encounters with new words.

PMID- 4046587
TI  - A "rationalized" arcsine transform.
AB  - Arcsine or angular transformations have been used for many years to transform
      proportions to make them more suitable for statistical analysis. A problem with
      such transformations is that the arcsines do not bear any obvious relationship to
      the original proportions. For this reason, results expressed in arcsine units are
      difficult to interpret. In this paper a simple linear transformation of the
      arcsine transform is suggested. This transformation produces values that are
      numerically close to the original percentage values over most of the percentage
      range while retaining all of the desirable statistical properties of the arcsine
      transform.

PMID- 4046588
TI  - Writing a successful grant application.
AB  - In summary, the research application must focus on a solid objective and be
      supported by a clear and concise plan for its accomplishment. For the new faculty
      member applying the first time for outside research funding, it is important to
      seek help from experienced and more senior colleagues, especially those who are
      actively serving on NIH Study Sections. It is a good idea to remember that the
      individuals reviewing applications are some of our busiest scientists. The job of
      grant review is clearly an added assignment that they willingly donate their time
      to and one needs to consider this when writing a grant application. Anything that
      can be done to make the reviewer's job easier can only help the application.
      Brevity, clarity, and organization are essential to a good application. As has
      been repeatedly mentioned, one of the major application weaknesses sited is a
      lack of focus, especially in the presentation of the Research Plans. For the new
      applicant, it is very helpful to plan enough time for completion of the
      application so that it could be reviewed by others thoroughly knowledgeable in
      this particular area. Once the application is submitted, the applicant should
      take advantage of opportunities to interact with the Executive Secretary of the
      Study Section to which the grant is assigned. Every institution's research office
      maintains a book identifying all of the Study Sections, the current members of
      the Study Section, and the Chairman. The assignment of the grant application to a
      particular study is an administrative one occurring at NIH upon receipt of the
      grant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4046589
TI  - Changes in ventricular hemodynamics caused by a systemic-pulmonary shunt.
AB  - Systemic pulmonary shunts are both surgically created (Blalock-Taussig
      anastomosis) and obliterated (patent ductus arteriosus), but the effects of such
      a vascular communication on left ventricular hemodynamics have not been examined
      quantitatively. To study these effects, innominate arterial allografts were
      sutured between the descending thoracic aorta and the left main pulmonary artery
      in nine mongrel dogs. Left ventricular output (LVO) and shunt flow (SF) were
      monitored with electromagnetic flow probes while simultaneous phasic and mean
      pressures were recorded from the right atrium, aorta (AOP), and pulmonary artery.
      Data points (192) were analyzed while SF was varied between 0.02 and 5.5
      liters/min using a variable-sized constricting band. Regression analysis showed
      increases (P less than 0.01) in LVO, stroke work (SW), and stroke volume (SV) in
      all dogs which were linearly related to SF (r = 0.64-0.99). Increasing SF was
      also associated with decreases (P less than 0.01, r = 0.61-0.99) in resistance
      (RES) facing the left ventricle and in diastolic (D) AOP. To compensate for
      differences in allograft size and to quantify the effects of a patent shunt, the
      regression equations were used to compare the percentage change in all parameters
      at SF = 0 and SF = 1.5 liters/min. Increases occurred in SV (46 +/- 21%), SW (32
      +/- 14%), and LVO (48 +/- 21%), and decreases were present in DAOP (15 +/- 12%)
      and RES (32 +/- 13%). These data show that despite the decreases in pressure or
      the decreases in resistance facing the left ventricle in the presence of a
      systemic pulmonary shunt, a substantial increase in stroke work occurs.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4046590
TI  - Hepatic fat accumulation during liver regeneration.
AB  - Fat accumulates in the regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy. The role of
      intracellular acyltransferases in the synthesis of triglycerides was studied in
      the liver. Two-thirds hepatectomy was performed in 14 rats. An additional 14 rats
      had laparotomy only (sham group). Animals were sacrificed at 18 or 24 hr after
      operation. After 18 hr, microsomal sn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase
      specific activity was increased from 708 to 956 pmole of glycerol 3-phosphate
      incorporated X min-1 X mg-1 protein and the triglyceride content was increased
      from 2.2 to 12.6 mg/g liver. At 24 hr the microsomal enzyme activity was again
      increased from 742 to 1203 pmole of glycerol 3-phosphate incorporated X min-1 X
      mg-1 protein and the triglyceride content rose from 1.9 to 13.9 mg/g liver. A
      correlation existed between the microsomal enzyme activity and the triglyceride
      level (r = 0.608, P less than 0.05). The mitochondrial enzyme activity was not
      increased. At 24 hr peroxisomal dihydroxyacetone acyltransferase activity was
      elevated from 375 to 523 pmole of dihydroxyacetone phosphate incorporated X min-1
      X mg-1 protein but showed no correlation with the triglyceride content; the
      microsomal activity of the enzyme was not increased. Cytoplasmic NAD+-dependent
      alpha-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased by 24 and 32% at 18 and 24 hr.
      These data indicate that the microsomal sn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase
      activity has a major role in promoting triglyceride synthesis during liver
      regeneration.

PMID- 4046592
TI  - Gore-Tex femoropopliteal grafts: forty-month experience in a community hospital.

PMID- 4046591
TI  - Defining end systole for end-systolic pressure-volume ratio.
AB  - The end-systolic pressure-volume (ESPV) ratio (Emax) has recently been accepted
      as a valid cardiac contractility index. However, in vivo, it is difficult to
      define end systole (ES) precisely. This study was designed to analyze the effects
      of eight different ES definitions on Emax. Nine chronically instrumented dogs
      were studied prior to and during the sequential infusions of phenylephrine (0.2
      mg/min), epinephrine (2.0 micrograms/min), and dobutamine (10 micrograms/kg/min).
      Left ventricular (LV) dimensions and pressure were measured with sonomicrometers
      and micromanometer. ES was defined at peak LV pressure (PLVP), end-ejection,
      dp/dt min, 10, 20, 30 msec before dp/dt min, minimum volume before dp/dt min, and
      left-upper-corner of pressure volume loop (LUC). Although ESPV relationship from
      each definition was linear (mean r 0.89 +/- 0.3, range 0.76 to 0.99) and
      sensitive to inotropic changes, the Emax's were not all the same. The r was
      highest with LUC (mean 0.94 +/- .02, range 0.90 to 0.99) and lowest with PLVP
      (mean 0.85 +/- 0.03, range 0.76 to 0.92). Emax from PLVP was least sensitive to
      epinephrine and dobutamine infusions. Thus, in order to compare different values
      of Emax, the definition of ES must be precise and consistent. Although all the
      above eight definitions of ES appeared to produce reasonable ESPV relationship,
      PLVP appeared to be the worst while LUC appeared to be the best ES definition for
      determining Emax.

PMID- 4046593
TI  - Acute lead poisoning from the betel nut. A case report.

PMID- 4046594
TI  - Chronic pain in adults with a history of childhood sexual abuse.

PMID- 4046595
TI  - Spondylolisthesis after spinal fusion with an intact neural arch. A case report.

PMID- 4046597
TI  - Oral disease in Tennessee.

PMID- 4046596
TI  - Diagnosis and management of blunt bronchial injury.

PMID- 4046598
TI  - Twice the doctors, half the care.

PMID- 4046599
TI  - Steroid binding to the cytosolic estrogen receptor from rat uterus. Influence of
      the orientation of substituents in the 17-position of the 8 beta- and 8 alpha
      series.
AB  - The exact chemical and sterical requirements in the 17-position of 8 beta- and 8
      alpha-estrogens for an effective binding to the cytosolic receptor of immature
      rat uterus were investigated by competition experiments under non-equilibrium
      conditions. Oxygen or nitrogen functions with free electron pairs seem to be of
      essential importance in the 17-position. In contrast to 17 alpha-methyl-, -vinyl-
      or -ethinyl-substituents a 17 alpha-ethyl group strongly disturbs receptor
      binding. Also the introduction of a quasi equatorial allene or a 17 beta-ethinyl
      group reduces receptor binding. In comparison to the 8 beta-estrogens, the 8
      alpha-derivatives always showed lower, but still significant receptor binding and
      similar response to changes of substituents in the 17-position.

PMID- 4046600
TI  - Formation of a fluorescent glucocorticoid receptor-steroid complex in HTC cell
      cytosol.
AB  - An intensely fluorescent rhodamine derivative of dexamethasone (i.e. Dex-C2-Rho)
      was synthesized. Dex-C2-Rho possessed high affinity for HTC cell glucocorticoid
      receptors in cell-free systems. Whole cell activity and receptor affinity of Dex
      C2-Rho were both much lower, apparently due to problems with cell permeability
      and/or metabolism. A specific, fluorescent receptor-steroid complex at
      concentrations as low as 1 X 10(-9) M could readily be observed with crude HTC
      cell receptors after removal of the free Dex-C2-Rho. This appears to be the first
      report of a fluorescent glucocorticoid receptor-steroid complex.

PMID- 4046601
TI  - The effects of cortisone on the interconversion of cortisol and cortisone in the
      baboon.
AB  - In the baboon fetus, the conversion of cortisol (F) to cortisone (E) [80%]
      exceeds the reverse reaction [15%]. Since the fetus is exposed to high quantities
      of E throughout most of pregnancy, we determined whether F to E interconversion
      is altered following acute changes in serum E. Adult female baboons (N = 3) were
      sedated with ketamine, constantly infused for 180 min via an antecubital vein
      with 15 microCi[14C]E and 15 microCi[3H]F, and saphenous vein blood samples
      obtained at 70, 80 and 90 min. At 90 min, an infusion of E (166 micrograms/min)
      was initiated and blood samples obtained at 160-180 min. This protocol was
      repeated in the same animals treated 24 and 3 h prior to infusion with 3 mg
      betamethasone. Metabolic clearance (MCR), transfer constants (%) and serum levels
      (microgram/dl) of F and E were determined. E increased (P less than 0.05; paired
      t) MCR-E, and serum F and E levels in control and betamethasone-treated baboons.
      E also decreased %F to E in betamethasone-treated but not control animals. These
      findings suggest that acute changes in serum E alter MCR-E, do not influence the
      conversion of E to F and may decrease the conversion of F to E. Therefore, we
      suggest that the high conversion of F to E in the baboon fetus is probably not
      the result of elevated concentrations of E.

PMID- 4046602
TI  - In vivo oestrogenicity and binding characteristics of alpha-zearalanol (P-1496)
      to different classes of oestrogen binding proteins in rat liver.
AB  - It is now well established that the mycotoxin zearalenone and some of its
      derivatives possess oestrogenic activity. In the present study, the binding
      characteristics of [3H]zearalanol (P-1496) to different classes of sites
      including [1] the oestrogen receptor, [2] the higher capacity lower affinity
      (HCLA) sites, [3] the antioestrogen sites and [4] a new class of binding sites
      apparently specific for P-1496 were examined in rat liver. Analysis of the
      binding by sucrose density gradient centrifugation confirmed that P-1496 binds to
      the oestrogen receptor but not to the higher capacity lower affinity sites for
      oestradiol-17 beta. Furthermore, saturation experiments using partially-purified
      fractions showed that P-1496 binds to the oestrogen receptor with an affinity
      very similar to that of oestradiol-17 beta (apparent dissociation constants
      ranged from 0.1-0.3 nM). Competition studies using partially purified cytosolic
      oestrogen receptor suggested that P-1496 binds to a second high affinity site
      distinct from the oestrogen receptor. This binding site was further characterized
      as selective for P-1496 by saturation analysis following the complete occupancy
      of oestrogen receptor by oestradiol-17 beta. The in vitro binding characteristics
      of P-1496 were then compared with in vivo effects on concentrations of serum
      triglycerides. Treatment of ovariectomized female rats daily with 1.5 or 2 mg P
      1496/kg body weight resulted in marked increases in the concentrations of serum
      triglycerides associated with the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction.
      Dose-response studies indicated that there was no sex difference with respect to
      the dose necessary to produce significant increases in serum triglycerides. The
      present study shows striking similarities between the binding of P-1496 and
      oestradiol-17 beta to liver oestrogen receptor in vitro. However, differences are
      observed with respect to their binding to other cytoplasmic components of liver.
      In addition, although P-1496 is capable of eliciting in vivo oestrogenic effects
      in liver, it is much less potent than oestradiol-17 beta.

PMID- 4046603
TI  - Autoradiographic study of the nuclear transfer of the antiglucocorticoid compound
      RU38486 in mouse tissues.
AB  - In order to investigate the mode of action of RU38486, a recently described
      antiglucocorticoid molecule, we have studied by autoradiography the localization
      of [3H]RU38486 in various glucocorticoid target tissues 30 and 60 min following
      in vivo injection. The results obtained in brain, liver and kidney sections
      clearly demonstrate that [3H]RU38486 is specifically translocated in target cell
      nuclei. Indeed, the nuclear labelling observed after injection of the tracer was
      significantly decreased after injection of [3H]RU38486 in the presence of a 100
      fold excess of unlabelled RU38486. The distribution of the specific labelling of
      RU38486 within the central nervous system was very similar to that previously
      described for dexamethasone with an accumulation of radioactivity in the cell
      nuclei of the hypothalamic area of the nucleus arcuatus. Our results thus provide
      additional evidence for an action of this antiglucocorticoid molecule at the
      nuclear level.

PMID- 4046604
TI  - Redox reactions in hydrocortisone transformation by Arthrobacter globiformis
      cells.
AB  - Hydrocortisone and prednisolone transformation by Arthrobacter globiformis cells
      in aerobic and anaerobic conditions was studied. 3-Ketosteroid-1-en-dehydrogenase
      activity was shown to be the major factor regulating the direction of
      transformation. When it is high (aerobic conditions), the end products of
      hydrocortisone transformation are prednisolone or its 20 beta-hydroxy derivative.
      The latter is produced via 1-en-dehydrogenation, which is not a limiting stage of
      the process. Low 3-ketosteroid-1-en-dehydrogenase activity (in the presence of
      cyanide) or its complete inhibition (strictly anaerobic conditions) result in the
      direct reduction of 20-keto group of hydrocortisone.

PMID- 4046605
TI  - Bioconversion of steroid glycosides by Nocardia restricta.
AB  - The bioconversion of steroid alkaloid tomatine by Nocardia restricta yields the
      conjugate with lactic acid. We studied the bioconversion of some steroid
      glycosides without a nitrogen atom in the molecule to determine the effect of the
      nitrogen atom. The glycosides were of three different types: sterol glycosides,
      bufadienolide rhamnoside and steroid saponine. The results of bioconversions
      showed that Nocardia restricta converts steroid glycosides differently according
      to the sugar bound to the steroid aglycone. It can be concluded that in the
      absence of a nitrogen atom in the steroid molecule no conjugation with lactic
      acid by Nocardia restricta occurs.

PMID- 4046606
TI  - The degradation of beta-sitosterol by Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 10590 under aerobic
      conditions.
AB  - The bacterial degradation of beta-sitosterol by Pseudomonas sp NCIB 10590 has
      been studied. Major biotransformation products included 24-ethylcholest-4-en-3
      one, androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione, 3-oxochol-4-en-3-one-24-oic acid and 3
      oxopregn-4-en-3-one-20-carboxylic acid. Minor products identified were 26-hydroxy
      24-ethylcholest-4-en-3-one, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, 3-oxo-24-ethylcholest-4-en
      26-oic acid, 3-oxochola-1,4-dien-3-one-24-oic acid, 3-oxopregna-1,4-dien-3-one-20
      carboxylic acid and 9 alpha-hydroxyandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione. Studies with
      selected inhibitors have enabled the elucidation of a comprehensive pathway of
      beta-sitosterol degradation by bacteria.

PMID- 4046607
TI  - Investigation of rat liver microsomal 6 beta-hydroxylation of 4-androstene-3,17
      dione and 4-pregnene-3,20-dione using methodology which excludes steroid-3-imine
      induced introduction of the 6 beta-hydroxyl group.
AB  - To avoid artefactual 6 beta-hydroxylation of 3-oxo-4-ene steroids due to steroid
      3-imine formation and rearrangement a combined extraction and liquid
      chromatography purification procedure for incubated rat liver microsomes has been
      worked out. With this procedure no nonenzymatic 6 beta-hydroxylation could be
      observed. Conventional termination of incubations with male rat liver microsomes
      (105,000 g sediments) and 4-14 C-labelled 4-androstene-3,17-dione (or
      progesterone) by solvent extraction and evaporation might lead to a 30%
      overestimation of the formation of 6 beta-hydroxy-derivatives at substrate
      saturation. Furthermore this work-up procedure produces 6-oxo-derivatives which
      were not observed when the new procedure was used. By elimination of the
      artefactual 6-oxygenation some properties of the male rat liver microsomal 4
      androstene-3,17-dione 6 beta-hydroxylase have been studied, and the activity has
      been compared to the artefact produced by solvent extraction and evaporation.
      Using the combined extraction-liquid chromatography purification it was
      demonstrated that the microsomal 6 beta-hydroxylase active on 4-androstene-3,17
      dione and progesterone was inhibited to 95% by carbon monoxide. This makes
      previous suggestions regarding participation of a non cytochrome P450-dependent 4
      androstene-3,17-dione 6 beta-hydroxylase less likely.

PMID- 4046608
TI  - Regulation of 3-ketosteroid-1-en-dehydrogenase activity of Arthrobacter
      globiformis cells by a respiratory chain.
AB  - It has been shown that 3-ketosteroid-1-en-dehydrogenase localized in a
      cytoplasmic membrane donates reducing equivalents to a respiratory chain directly
      which passes them over to oxygen. Microbial hydrocortisone oxidation is coupled
      with energy generation in the form of the H+ transmembrane potential. Electron
      transfer via a respiratory chain is the limiting stage in the process of
      hydrocortisone 1-en-dehydrogenation.

PMID- 4046609
TI  - The effect of infusions of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone or estradiol-17 beta on
      the concentration of some steroids in the human testicular vein and artery.
AB  - The concentrations of testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, 5 alpha
      androstan-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol,
      estradiol-17 beta and testosterone-glucosiduronate were measured in the plasma of
      the testicular vein and artery simultaneously with the estimation in peripheral
      venous and arterial plasma 60 min after an infusion of 3000 micrograms
      dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or estradiol (E2), respectively, in patients undergoing
      orchiectomy for prostatic cancer. The results were as follows; following infusion
      of DHT or E2, both steroids were completely metabolized by the testes. After DHT
      the testicular secretion of E2 was significantly reduced. In peripheral plasma 3
      alpha-diol concentration was increased. Following E2 a transient elevation of
      testosterone in the spermatic vein was observed, whereas a slight decrease of DHT
      and an increase especially of 3 beta-diol levels occurred. It is assumed that DHT
      as well as E2 plays a role as intratesticular regulator of steroid synthesis and
      metabolism.

PMID- 4046610
TI  - Analysis of steroid metabolites produced by theca cells from the adult domestic
      hen.
AB  - In a previous study on steroid metabolism by hen ovarian cells we reported on the
      production of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OH), androstenedione (A), testosterone
      (T), and oestrogens from [3H]progesterone (P) by theca cells. The present study
      examines further the metabolism of P by theca cells from the preovulatory
      follicles of the hen. The results show that the major metabolite of P is 20 beta
      hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20 beta-DHP), representing up to 40% of the recovered
      radioactivity. In addition, 3 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-20-one (3 alpha-DHP) and 17
      alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 beta) were identified as
      metabolites of P, comprising 1 and 3% of the recovered radioactivity,
      respectively. This is the first evidence that the allylic steroid, 3 alpha-DHP,
      can be produced by avian ovaries.

PMID- 4046611
TI  - Genetic coding catalysis.

PMID- 4046612
TI  - Desensitization and coupled receptors: a model of drug dependence.
AB  - It is assumed that certain drug receptors are so coupled with certain
      physiological receptors that stimulation of either receptor increases the
      sensitivity of the other. If the drug receptor suffers tolerance (i.e. slow
      desensitization) and if insensitivity of the drug receptor also makes the
      physiological receptor insensitive, then tolerance must be responsible for a
      physiological deficiency. This may be remedied by increased drug administration
      which will raise the sensitivity of the remaining physiological receptors so that
      a normal or near-normal physiological situation is achieved. Thus the organism is
      not only tolerant to the drug but also dependent on it. If such theoretical
      considerations apply to opiate receptors (as drug receptors) and to catecholamine
      receptors (as physiological receptors), then the theory predicts that acute
      morphine administration increases the sensitivity of dopamine receptors, that
      sympathetic stimulation decreases pain sensitivity, that opioid tolerance
      provokes increased catecholamine activity, that alpha-receptor stimulants
      attenuate and alpha-receptor antagonists exacerbate morphine abstinence, and that
      catecholaminergic inhibition results in increased morphine toxicity. All of these
      predictions have been verified experimentally.

PMID- 4046613
TI  - Sex allocation in a patchy environment: a marginal value theorem.
AB  - The ESS sex allocation when male/female fitnesses vary with patch type is a set
      of values which either equalizes the marginal values of the male/female fitness
      tradeoffs, or are pure sexes. This is shown for a hermaphrodite; the result is
      then generalized to other sex allocation cases.

PMID- 4046614
TI  - Re-evaluation of the corrected signal from fluoroscopic probe measurements.

PMID- 4046615
TI  - Gene conversion models.

PMID- 4046616
TI  - Impaired biosynthesis of highly unsaturated phosphatidylcholines: a hypothesis on
      the molecular etiology of some muscular dystrophies.
AB  - A brief review of the literature concerning the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine
      and phosphatidylethanolamine in muscle suggests that the cytidine pathways are
      replaced by the recently proposed acyl-specific de novo and salvage
      glycerolphosphodiester pathways (Infante, 1984) in fully differentiated muscle.
      An analysis of published data suggests an impaired synthesis of 4,7,10,13,16,19
      docosahexaenoic phosphatidylcholine, at the level of de novo sn-3
      glycerolphosphorylcholine synthesis, as the primary defect in Duchenne and (dy)
      murine muscular dystrophies. This phosphatidylcholine species is postulated to be
      required for optimum sarcoplasmic Ca2+ transport activity. It is proposed that
      this impairment initiates the secondary series of events which lead to the
      observed pathology of these diseases. Based on some predictions of the
      hypothesis, potential diagnosis and treatments are suggested.

PMID- 4046617
TI  - Hands across the ocean. German-American relations in thoracic surgery.

PMID- 4046618
TI  - Experience with 118 consecutive patients undergoing operation for the Wolff
      Parkinson-White syndrome.
AB  - Between July 1, 1980, and April 1, 1985, 118 patients underwent operation for
      correction of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. There were 72 male and 46
      female patients with ages ranging from 9 months to 70 years (mean 28 +/- 6
      years). The major indications for operation were medical refractoriness or drug
      intolerance (60%) and previous cardiac arrest (14%). Associated abnormalities
      included Ebstein's anomaly (12%), other arrhythmias (34%), coronary artery
      disease (6%), cardiomyopathy (6%), and congenital heart disease other than
      Ebstein's anomaly (22%). Two patients had undergone operations for Wolff
      Parkinson-White syndrome previously at other institutions. Twenty percent of
      patients had multiple (two to four) accessory pathways, a total of 149 pathways
      being present in the 118 patients. Distribution of the accessory pathways was as
      follows: 58% left free wall, 24% posterior septal, 13% right free wall, and 5%
      anterior septal. The surgical technique employed previously for the Wolff
      Parkinson-White syndrome and for the first 10 patients in the present series was
      modified in August, 1981, to include 2.5 power optical magnification, exclusive
      use of the endocardial approach under cardioplegic arrest, wider margins of
      surgical dissection, sharp dissection of the involved valve anulus, division of
      only the ventricular insertion of the accessory pathway, and internal
      identification of the ventricular epicardial peel in all regions of dissection.
      Of the 149 accessory pathways present, 148 were successfully divided in the 118
      patients and, by means of the above modifications, 137 of 137 accessory pathways
      have been divided successfully in the last 108 patients in the series. The
      surgical results in these patients document an increase in the success rate for
      division of accessory pathways from 86% to 99.3%, a decrease in the reoperation
      rate from approximately 15% to 0%, and a decrease in the incidence of permanent
      complete heart block from 10.5% to 0.8%. The mortality was 5.0% in the entire
      series, but only one death occurred following elective operation in the absence
      of associated cardiac abnormalities (0.8%). Using the present surgical technique,
      these results suggest that surgical therapy is a conservative alternative to a
      lifetime of medical therapy in young, otherwise healthy patients with the Wolff
      Parkinson-White syndrome.

PMID- 4046619
TI  - Surgical management of effusive pericardial disease. Influence of extent of
      pericardial resection on clinical course.
AB  - Surgical drainage for effusive pericardial disease is usually accompanied by
      pericardial resection to obtain tissue for analysis and to lessen the chance of
      recurrent effusion or late constriction. The purpose of this study was to
      determine the relationship between the extent of resection and the development of
      late complications. From 1960 through 1983, 145 patients with pure pericardial
      effusive disease underwent operative drainage. The effusions were malignant in 72
      patients (49.7%) and benign in 73 (50.3%). The patients were divided into three
      groups according to the extent of resection: complete in 72 patients (49.7%),
      partial in 36 (24.8%), and window in 37 (25.5%). The 30 day mortality was 19.4%
      for patients with malignant effusions and 5.5% for those with benign effusions (p
      less than 0.05). All survivors had immediate improvement in symptoms. The
      actuarial 1 year survival rate was 23.4% (mean 4.2 months) for patients with
      malignant disease and 85.6% for patients with idiopathic effusions (p less than
      0.001). Survival was not influenced by the extent of resection. Fifteen patients
      (10.3%) had late constriction or recurrent effusion. Six of these required
      reoperation, all after having had a window procedure. Actuarial probability of
      reoperation or late complication was greater with window procedures than other
      resections, both for all patients (p = 0.0001) and for those with benign disease
      (p = 0.0001). Transthoracic complete pericardiectomy is the procedure of choice
      for effusive pericardial disease. Subxiphoid drainage has immediate advantages
      for selected patients but has a statistically greater chance of late
      complications.

PMID- 4046620
TI  - Mediastinitis after cardiac valve operations. Impact upon survival.
AB  - Mediastinitis after cardiac valve replacement is a dreaded complication with
      consequent mortality estimated as high as 70%. We have reviewed 2,491 patients
      with cardiac valve operations to assess the impact of mediastinitis upon
      mortality in our institution in the past 10 years. Mediastinitis developed after
      valve replacement in 36 patients (1.4%). All patients required operative
      intervention for mediastinal infection with positive bacterial cultures. Twelve
      of these patients had other perioperative problems associated with a high
      mortality independent of mediastinitis: bacterial endocarditis not cured by valve
      replacement (three), recent preoperative myocardial infarction (four), triple
      valve disease with biventricular failure (one), and severe perioperative cerebral
      damage (four). Ten of these high-risk patients died (83.3%). The impact of
      mediastinitis upon survival is best evaluated in the remaining 24 patients
      without high-risk perioperative problems. Eight of these patients were managed
      before 1980 with debridement and irrigation as the primary treatment, with two
      hospital deaths (25%). Pectoral or rectus muscle flaps were frequently used after
      1980 (flaps in 11 of 16 patients), leading to a significantly shorter time
      between diagnosis of infection and hospital discharge free of infection (62
      versus 385 days, p less than 0.05). Only one of these 16 patients died. Valve re
      replacement for endocarditis was performed in three of these 24 patients although
      13 of 24 had positive blood cultures. Mediastinitis after valve operations in the
      absence of other high-risk perioperative problems can be successfully managed.
      Early debridement and muscle flap closure has led to a 94% survival rate in 16
      patients during the past 4 years.

PMID- 4046621
TI  - Functional and metabolic evidence of enhanced myocardial tolerance to ischemia
      and reperfusion with adenosine.
AB  - An isolated, isovolumetrically contracting rat heart preparation, perfused at
      constant flow, was used to test the hypothesis that adenosine treatment (100
      microM) throughout the experiment could enhance the repletion of adenosine
      triphosphate and the recovery of ventricular function following 10 minutes of
      global, normothermic (37 degrees C) ischemia. Left ventricular developed pressure
      was measured with an intraventricular balloon, and myocardial adenine nucleotides
      were measured from freeze-clamped tissues in a parallel series of experiments.
      The adenosine triphosphate level in the adenosine-treated hearts was not
      different from that of the untreated control hearts at the end of 30 minutes of
      equilibration but was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher at the end of 10
      minutes of ischemia and at 15, 30, and 60 minutes of reperfusion. Left
      ventricular developed pressure in the adenosine-treated group at the end of 30
      minutes of equilibration (92 +/- 3 mm Hg) was not significantly different from
      that of the control hearts (101 +/- 10 mm Hg). During the reperfusion period the
      control group returned to 75% +/- 7%, 73% +/- 6%, and 73% +/- 6% of the
      preischemic control function at 15, 30, and 60 minutes of reperfusion,
      respectively. The adenosine-treated group had significantly greater return of
      function to 86% +/- 3%, 96% +/- 3%, and 95% +/- 3% of the preischemic control at
      15, 30, and 60 minutes of reperfusion, respectively. In a protocol to assess the
      effect of adenosine during ischemia, we found that adenosine (100 microM)
      increased the time to onset of ischemic contracture by 50% from 12 +/- 3 to 18 +/
      3 minutes and decreased the rate of net adenosine triphosphate degradation. Our
      data suggest that under these experimental conditions, adenosine enhances
      myocardial preservation by reducing the net degradation of adenosine triphosphate
      during ischemia and facilitating the repletion of adenosine triphosphate during
      reperfusion.

PMID- 4046623
TI  - Nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass disrupts the flow-metabolism couple in the
      brain.
AB  - The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on the relationship between brain glucose
      consumption and regional blood flow is unknown. We measured this relationship in
      pigs subjected to 3 hours of pulsatile or nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass at
      normothermia and compared the results to the relationship established in a
      control group of pigs. A total of 10 regions were sampled in both hemispheres of
      the porcine brain. In control pigs, cerebral blood flow averaged 46 ml/100 gm and
      the glucose consumption, 21 mumol/100 gm/min. The ratio between blood flow and
      glucose consumption was close to 2 ml/mumol in all regions. In pulsatile
      cardiopulmonary bypass both the whole-brain average and the regional values
      declined, so that the ratio remained the same, about 2 ml/mumol. In nonpulsatile
      cardiopulmonary bypass regional blood flow remained normal; the average was 49
      ml/100 gm/min, whereas the average glucose consumption declined to 16 mumol/100
      gm. In regions with high blood flow rates, the ratio between blood flow and
      glucose consumption increased to about 3 ml/mumol, indicating perfusion in excess
      of metabolic demand. We conclude that nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass at
      normothermia affects the metabolic flow regulation in the brain by interfering
      with the myogenic contractility of cerebral arterioles.

PMID- 4046624
TI  - Extended subendocardial resection. A surgical approach to ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias that cannot be mapped intraoperatively.
AB  - The optimal surgical management of patients with sustained, uniform-morphology
      ventricular tachycardia is endocardial activation sequence mapping during
      ventricular tachycardia and directed resection and/or cryoablation of the
      involved endocardium. The results of these procedures are superior to those
      obtained with nondirected aneurysmectomy. The optimal operative procedure when
      stable uniform ventricular tachycardia cannot be induced intraoperatively is
      uncertain. Between April, 1982, and April, 1984, intraoperative endocardial
      mapping was attempted on 33 patients with prior ventricular tachycardia. There
      were six perioperative deaths. Completely satisfactory intraoperative
      electrophysiologic maps were obtained in only 17 of the remaining 27 patients
      (63%). In 10 of these 27 patients, stable ventricular tachycardia could not be
      induced in the operating room, and satisfactory mapping thus could not be
      performed. In the first three of these 10 patients, limited subendocardial
      resection was performed either in regions with fractionated activity during sinus
      rhythm (two patients) or in regions suggested by preoperative catheter mapping
      (one patient). Ventricular tachycardia recurred postoperatively in two of these
      three patients. In the next seven patients, all visible endocardial scar around
      the border of the aneurysm was resected. Clinical ventricular tachycardia could
      not be induced at postoperative electrophysiologic study and has not recurred in
      these seven patients. These results suggest that complete endocardial resection
      provides an acceptable operative approach when intraoperative electrophysiologic
      mapping is not satisfactory.

PMID- 4046622
TI  - Results of reoperation for primary tissue failure of porcine bioprostheses.
AB  - Results of reoperation for primary tissue failure of porcine bioprostheses were
      evaluated in 574 patients discharged from the hospital from 1970 to 1981. A total
      of 413 had undergone isolated mitral valve replacement and 161 isolated aortic
      valve replacement. Through March, 1984, 88 patients (15%) had required
      reoperation: 59 had undergone mitral and 29, aortic valve replacement. Primary
      tissue failure was the main cause of bioprosthetic dysfunction; it occurred in 64
      patients (46 mitral and 18 aortic) at a mean postoperative interval of 93 +/- 4
      months (range 34 to 158). During the same period, 11 patients required
      reoperation for bioprosthetic endocarditis, 11 for paravalvular leak, and two for
      thrombosis. These patients are not included in this review. Reoperation for
      primary tissue failure was performed after a mean interval of 72 +/- 6 months
      (range 38 to 158) for patients with aortic bioprostheses and after 101 +/- 5
      months (range 34 to 153) for those with mitral bioprostheses (p less than 0.05).
      Overall mortality at reoperation was 12.5%: 11% for the mitral group and 16% for
      the aortic group. In 62 patients (45 mitral and 17 aortic) primary tissue failure
      was caused by calcification of the cusps, associated with severe fibrous tissue
      overgrowth in seven. Bioprosthetic failure was caused by an intracuspal hematoma
      in one patient with mitral valve replacement and by lipid infiltration of the
      cusps in one patient with aortic valve replacement. Actuarial freedom from
      bioprosthetic primary tissue failure at 12 years is 61% +/- 5% for the mitral
      group and 69% +/- 7% for the aortic group. On the basis of our long-term follow
      up of patients after mitral or aortic replacement with a porcine bioprosthesis,
      we conclude: primary tissue failure is the most frequent indication for
      reoperation in patients with a porcine bioprosthesis; calcification of the cusp
      tissue is the leading cause of primary tissue failure; reoperation for primary
      tissue failure may be a major concern, although mortality for elective cases is
      low; and the limited durability of porcine bioprostheses suggests their use be
      restricted to selected patients.

PMID- 4046625
TI  - Assessment of coronary and aortic anastomoses after anatomic correction of
      transposition of the great arteries.
AB  - Anatomic correction of transposition of the great arteries always entails
      circumferential anastomoses of the aorta and coronary arteries. Long-term success
      of this procedure is predicted on adequate growth of these anastomotic sites. To
      assess the size of these arteries, we performed one or two cardiac
      catheterization on 25 children from 1 to 53 months (mean 18.8 months) following
      anatomic correction. Early studies (mean 12 months) were performed in 23 patients
      and late studies (mean 30 months) in 13 patients. Age at repair ranged from 2 to
      168 months (mean 25.5 months) and 15 patients were less than a year of age.
      Fifteen patients had undergone previous pulmonary artery banding in preparation
      for anatomic repair. Postoperative catheterizations showed no area of narrowing
      at the aortic or coronary anastomoses and no kinking of the proximal coronary
      arteries. Almost all normalized diameters of the aortic root were larger than
      normal. There were no differences between early and late measurements after
      anatomic correction. No patient had a pressure gradient across the aortic
      anastomosis. It is, therefore, concluded that the coronary and aortic anastomoses
      allow for satisfactory growth even when there has been previous pulmonary artery
      banding.

PMID- 4046626
TI  - Of clefts, commissures, and things.
AB  - A full understanding of the morphology of atrioventricular septal defects
      ("endocardial cushion defects," "atrioventricular canal malformations") demands
      knowledge of the exact nature of three specific breaches in the skirt of valve
      leaflet tissue guarding the atrioventricular junction. One of these is the space
      between the left ventricular components of the two leaflets that are enclosed in
      both the right and left ventricles (the bridging leaflets). Traditionally
      described as a cleft, it has been suggested more recently that this gap functions
      as a commissure. The second space is that which is found anteriorly and
      superiorly in the so-called Rastelli type A malformation. This is also called a
      cleft in a common anterior leaflet, but it has been suggested that it too is a
      commissure. The final breach is that produced by the surgeon when he divides the
      free-floating superior bridging leaflet if repairing the so-called Rastelli type
      C malformation with a one-patch technique. It is generally agreed that this
      breach be considered a division. To adjudicate the nature of the other breaches,
      it is necessary to compare them with commissures in atrioventricular and arterial
      valves and with the isolated cleft that exists in the aortic leaflet of a normal
      mitral valve. These considerations show that the gap between the left ventricular
      components of the bridging leaflets functions as a commissure even though it is
      not supported by a papillary muscle. This would not be expected, since the
      commissural attachments of the leaflets are in the left and right ventricle,
      respectively. The gap seen anteriorly in the Rastelli type A malformation is also
      a commissure, being supported in typical fashion by the medial papillary muscle
      of the right ventricle.

PMID- 4046627
TI  - Further observations on the morphology of atrioventricular septal defects.
AB  - Certain morphologic aspects of atrioventricular septal defects ("endocardial
      cushion defects," "atrioventricular canal malformations") remain controversial.
      It is still not clear which precise lesions should not be placed in this
      category. For example, is an "isolated" cleft of the mitral valve or a
      perimembranous inlet ventricular septal defect to be so described? It is also not
      fully accepted that the left atrioventricular valve in these lesions bears little
      resemblance to a morphologically mitral valve. We have investigated these
      problems by both observation and mensuration. We determined the junctional
      circumference of the left atrioventricular valve leaflets and the ventricular
      dimensions in 130 atrioventricular septal defects (95 with common valve orifice
      and 35 with separate right and left atrioventricular orifices); in 50 hearts with
      perimembranous ventricular septal defects (20 extending into the inlet septum and
      30 with outlet or trabecular extensions); in seven hearts with isolated cleft of
      the mitral valve, and in 10 normal hearts. All specimens came from the
      cardiopathological collection of Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. The
      measurements showed conclusively that the atrioventricular septal defects were
      all directly comparable irrespective of the detailed morphology of the
      atrioventricular valve or valves. The group of atrioventricular septal defects
      was totally discrete as compared with all the other specimens that had normal
      atrioventricular septation. The left atrioventricular valve in atrioventricular
      septal defects is basically a three-leaflet valve which differs from the normal
      mitral valve in terms of its leaflet, its chordal support, and the arrangement of
      its papillary muscle. Its only similarity with the normal mitral valve is that it
      resides in the morphologically left ventricle and guards the left
      atrioventricular junction.

PMID- 4046628
TI  - New cannulation technique for the severely calcified ascending aorta.
AB  - Severe calcific atherosclerosis involving the femoral arteries, ascending aorta,
      right subclavian artery, and aortic arch precluded standard cannulation
      techniques for a patient requiring emergency revascularization. A cannula was
      passed from the apex of the left ventricle across the aortic valve to lie in the
      proximal ascending aorta, and successful cardiopulmonary bypass was achieved to
      allow revascularization.

PMID- 4046630
TI  - Use of a plastic sleeve to lead the stomach through the mediastinum.

PMID- 4046629
TI  - Unusual interatrial communication after the Fontan procedure.
AB  - Two patients are presented who illustrate unusual venous anatomy allowing right
      to-left shunting at the atrial level after Fontan repair.

PMID- 4046631
TI  - New possibilities of research in chronic lymphatic leukemia by means of Fourier
      transform-infrared spectroscopy--II.
AB  - Ten samples of lymphocytes coming from patients affected by chronic lymphatic
      leukemia and ten samples from normal subjects were studied by FT-IR spectroscopy.
      Spectral differences observed between the two kinds of cells correspond to an
      increase of the intensities, in the leukemic samples with respect to the normal
      ones, of the bands corresponding mainly to PO2- symmetrical and asymmetrical
      stretching vibrations of DNA. The ratios of the integrated areas of the band at
      1080 cm-1 mainly involving the symmetrical stretching vibration of the O-P-O
      linkages of DNA, and of the band at 1540 cm-1, due to the proteic components of
      the lymphocytes, assume different values for the two kinds of cells. These ratios
      can constitute an additional marker to diagnose chronic lymphatic leukemia and
      may be usefully employed to evidence the early phases of the disease.

PMID- 4046632
TI  - 4-Hydroperoxycyclophosphamide inhibits proliferation by human granulocyte
      macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) but spares more primitive progenitor
      cells.
AB  - Despite its considerable toxicity to haemopoietic colony-forming cells, 4
      hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) has successfully been used to purge marrow of
      leukaemic cells before it is used to rescue patients from high-dose
      chemoradiotherapy. These conflicting observations indicate that haemopoietic
      progenitor cells that are not detected by the established colony-forming assays
      survive exposure to 4-HC and repopulate the marrow. The recent finding that
      murine spleen colony-forming cells (CFU-S) are resistant to 4-HC [Porcellini A,
      et al. (1983) Expl Hemat. 11 (suppl 14) 331 (abstract)] [14] also indicates that
      sensitivity to 4-HC can be used to distinguish primitive progenitor cells from
      committed progenitor cells. As part of a study on the nature of a population of
      blast colony-forming cells in human bone marrow, we tested their sensitivity to 4
      HC to see whether they also are spared by the drug. We found that 4-HC had much
      less effect on the blast colony-forming cells than on the granulocyte-macrophage
      colony-forming cells (GM-CFC). This result suggests that the blast-colony-forming
      cells may be early human haemopoietic progenitor cells.

PMID- 4046633
TI  - Wilsede Meeting on Modern Trends in Human Leukaemia VI. June 17-21, 1984.
      Differentiation: Paradigm and paradox at Wilsede.

PMID- 4046635
TI  - A method for the collection of defined areas from the embryonic rat brain for
      cell and tissue culture.
AB  - Tissue for the culture of cerebral neurons has frequently been taken from brains
      of the embryonic rats. In many cases it was impossible to obtain regularly and
      reproducibly small, defined pieces of tissue, e.g. diencephalic nuclei, of the
      extremely soft embryonic cerebral tissue. On the other hand, as a basis for
      tissue cultures, well defined samples are more and more considered essential.
      Therefore a method for collecting samples of defined small regions from the di-
      and mesencephalic rat brain, 17 days of gestation, was developed. It is
      applicable to cell and tissue culture. Embryonic brains are prepared aseptically
      and embedded in congealing Agarose. Stabilized in this gel they are cut into 225
      micron slices using a tissue chopper. Tissue samples desired for culture are then
      punched out from the respective brain slice, which previously had been compared
      with corresponding reference micrographs. The correct localization of the tissue
      punch within the fresh brain slice is controlled histologically. The embedding
      procedure for performing the histology of the brain slices of 225 micron width is
      described. For application of the introduced method, coordinates for slicing and
      histological reference micrographs are given for di- and mesencephalic areas.

PMID- 4046634
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels have not been extensively studied in
      untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We have measured
      tumor GR levels using a whole cell assay in 18 untreated patients with CLL and
      correlated these levels with various in-vitro and in-vivo data. In 12 of these
      patients, tumor cells from more than one tissue were simultaneously studied.
      Measurable GR levels were found in all 36 specimens studied with median total GR
      levels in blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes being 3018 (n = 17), 3524 (n = 12)
      and 3102 (n = 7) sites/cell respectively. GR levels did not correlate with in
      vitro sensitivity, as measured by inhibition by dexamethasone of radiolabelled
      leucine, uridine, and thymidine uptake, nor with the clinical or laboratory
      features examined. Nine patients were treated with dexamethasone as a single
      agent; blood GR levels were not predictive of antitumor response. We conclude
      that in patients with CLL, malignant cells from all involved tissues have
      measurable numbers of GRs, but these are not correlated with in-vitro sensitivity
      to glucocorticoid. Blood GR levels do not correlate with antitumor response;
      further studies are required to see if bone marrow or lymph node receptor levels
      correlate with antitumor response to steroids.

PMID- 4046636
TI  - A portable in vitro brain slice chamber.
AB  - A portable chamber is described which is suitable for maintaining live slices of
      brain tissue while they are being transported by automobile. The chamber supplies
      nutrient medium, oxygen, temperature control, and shock isolation.

PMID- 4046637
TI  - A new porcine bioprosthesis: in vitro and in vivo evaluation.
AB  - The Wessex porcine bioprosthesis exhibits satisfactory hydrodynamic performance
      and durability comparable to other clinical porcine valves. In vivo performance
      and pathological studies of explanted valves confirm adequate biodurability and
      haemodynamic performance. Early clinical results are satisfactory and encourage
      further study.

PMID- 4046638
TI  - XCD: xenogenic cervical duramater; a new anisotropic tissue for heart-valve
      prostheses.

PMID- 4046639
TI  - Lymphocyte and erythrocyte concentrations of potassium, magnesium and calcium in
      normal controls.
AB  - A direct method for the measurement of potassium, magnesium and calcium in
      lymphocytes and erythrocytes is presented, using relatively small quantities of
      human blood. With this method repeated measurements can be carried out in the
      same individual; this enables one to follow changes in disease states or as a
      result of drugs.

PMID- 4046640
TI  - Erythrocytic magnesium in freshwater fishes.
AB  - Erythrocytic magnesium in rainbow and speckled trout (Salmo gairdneri, Salvelinus
      fontinalis) carp (Cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) was examined
      by correlation analyses involving weight, hemoglobin content, plasma magnesium,
      erythrocytic sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and unidentified anion
      concentration and chloride equilibrium potential, and in relation to possible
      diurnal and seasonal variation as well as with respect to constant, diurnally
      cycling and progressively increasing temperature conditions. Given that magnesium
      is not actively transported, cellular concentrations appear to reflect processes
      influencing membrane potential and may also be related to maintenance of cellular
      electroneutrality. No evidence of significant diurnal variation was encountered
      under either constant or diurnally cycling temperature conditions. Variations in
      relation to temperature, season and weight were, however, consistent with the
      suggestion that these animals have the ability to alter erythrocytic magnesium
      concentrations. It is hypothesized that by adjusting magnesium in relation to
      organophosphate, the availability of the latter to hemoglobin may be influenced
      and in this way contribute to adaptive regulation of hemoglobin-oxygen affinity.

PMID- 4046641
TI  - The hyperventilation syndrome: a neurosis or a manifestation of magnesium
      imbalance?
AB  - It has been proven with clinical, psychological and electromyographic tests that
      the hyperventilation (HV) syndrome cannot be separated from so-called genuine
      tetany. Tetanic patients with and without HV are characterized by a significant
      hypocalcemia; but a significant hypomagnesemia is exclusively found in tetanic
      patients with HV attacks. Possible pathogenic mechanisms are discussed which may
      explain the HV attacks as a consequence of primary magnesium deficiency.

PMID- 4046642
TI  - Parenteral magnesium tolerance testing in the evaluation of magnesium deficiency.
AB  - Magnesium deficiency is a common clinical condition, frequently present even with
      normal serum magnesium (S-Mg) concentrations. We have studied retention of a low
      dose (0.2 mEq/kg lean body weight), intravenously administered magnesium load in
      6 hypomagnesemic patients and 18 normomagnesemic alcoholics as compared with 16
      normal subjects. Both normomagnesemic and hypomagnesemic subjects retained
      significantly greater amounts of the administered magnesium than did the normal
      subjects. In patients who were restudied following parenteral magnesium
      repletion, retention of the magnesium load normalized. We conclude that increased
      retention of a magnesium load is a more sensitive index of magnesium deficiency
      than is the S-Mg concentration, and suggest that low-dose magnesium tolerance
      testing be used more frequently as a clinical tool in the evaluation of states of
      normomagnesemic magnesium deficiency.

PMID- 4046643
TI  - Lymphocyte and bone magnesium in alcohol-associated osteoporosis.
AB  - Serum, lymphocyte and bone magnesium concentrations were determined in 5
      alcoholic patients in order to assess their total body magnesium status.
      Decreased values confirmed the existence of magnesium deficiency in chronic
      alcoholism. Spinal osteoporosis on X-rays, together with magnesium deficiency and
      decreased bone magnesium concentration in alcohol-associated osteoporosis match
      similar findings in involutional osteoporosis.

PMID- 4046644
TI  - Pheochromocytoma--a rare cause of hypermagnesemia.
AB  - A case of hypermagnesemia associated with pheochromocytoma is described. A
      further increase in serum Mg was observed with initiation of beta-blocking
      therapy. Unilateral adrenalectomy normalized serum Mg levels.

PMID- 4046645
TI  - The relationship between unstable angina (UA) and myocardial infarction (MI)

PMID- 4046646
TI  - Quantifying the role of magnesium in the interrelationship between human
      mortality/morbidity and water hardness.
AB  - An attempt has been made to quantify the effect of waterborne magnesium on human
      mortality/morbidity, based on epidemiological and clinical observations reported
      in several regions of the modern-day world. A consistent pattern has emerged,
      indicative of a global phenomenon, which illustrates the importance of waterborne
      magnesium in protecting against cardiovascular trauma and other ailments. These
      findings attest to the inadequate metabolic magnesium status among modern-day
      humans, especially those who reside in ultra-soft-water localities.

PMID- 4046647
TI  - Urinary magnesium loss in aging diabetic mellitus rats.
AB  - Past studies on urinary loss of magnesium (Mg) have focused on young diabetic
      rats. The aims of the present study were to determine the rapidity at which
      glycosuria and magnesuria occur after the induction of diabetes mellitus (DM) in
      old male rats, and the maximal amount of Mg and glucose (Glu) loss in the urine
      and whether or not the loss is persistent and (3) the most sensitive means of
      correlating the Mg and Glu loss in the urine. Three methods of expressing urinary
      Mg and Glu concentrations were selected: Method A: mg/24 h; Method B: mg/24 h/kg
      body weight (BW), and Method C: ratio of Mg to creatinine (Mg/Crea) or ratio of
      Glu to Crea (Glu/Crea). Our study indicated a maximal and rapid loss of Mg and
      Glu occurring within 1 week after induction of DM (by streptozotocin injection)
      and remained in effect for 6 weeks, the end of the study. The urinary Mg loss due
      to DM correlated best with urinary Glu when expressed as mg/24 h/kg BW. In
      addition, the increase in urinary Mg concentration paralleled the degree of
      glycosuria and reached a maximum of 5-12 times baseline values when expressed by
      Method B. This was 4-10 times when expressed by Method A, and 2-6 times when
      expressed by Method C. Since polyuria is a feature of DM, we also correlated the
      relationship between these two factors, and found a significantly positive
      correlation (r = 0.735) particularly when Mg was expressed as mg/24 h. In
      summary, rapid and significant urinary Mg loss is observed in old rats made
      diabetic with streptozotocin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4046648
TI  - Coronary arterial lesions in Mg-deficient hamsters.
AB  - Dietary Mg deficiency is thought to promote coronary artery spasm, probably
      through Ca overloading of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells. We now report the
      demonstration of a coronary arteriopathy in hamsters fed a Mg-deficient diet for
      10 days or more. Affected arteries showed endothelial and VSM cell hyperplasia
      and pleomorphism, chronic inflammation of the media and adventitia, and fibrinoid
      necrosis. Lesions of myocardial ischemia, distinct from the well-known lesions of
      myocardial necrosis and calcification common in Mg deficient animals, were also
      present. Von Kossa positive granules were found in the VSM of Mg-deficient, but
      not control, hamsters. This vasculopathy is a new factor to be considered in the
      pathophysiology of Mg deficiency. It is consistent with the view that Ca loading
      of VSM plays an important role in this condition and could be related to the
      occurrence of coronary artery spasm.

PMID- 4046649
TI  - Preservation of resting potential by magnesium in hypoxic canine cardiac cells.
AB  - This study was designed to test the hypothesis that Mg++ prevents the
      electrophysiologic changes caused by hypoxia in cardiac cells. Canine right
      ventricular false tendons (32 hearts) were pinned to the floor of a tissue bath
      and suffused with physiologic solution. Microelectrodes recorded the spontaneous
      action potentials. The isolated tissue was exposed to a hypoxic solution (PO2
      less than 50 mm Hg) containing either normal [Mg++] (0.85 mmol/l) or high [Mg++]
      (3.4 mmol/l). Hypoxia with normal [Mg++] caused increased firing rate (+40%),
      depolarization of the resting (maximum diastolic) potential (from-72 to -55 mV),
      and reduction in amplitude (from 88 to 76 mV). The depolarization, reduction in
      amplitude, and most of the increased firing rate were completely blocked when
      [Mg++] was elevated to 3.4 mmol/l; propranolol (10 mg/l) blocked the residual
      increase in firing rate.

PMID- 4046650
TI  - Theoretical model for investigating the magnetic and electric fields produced
      during pulsed magnetic field therapy for nonunion of the tibia.

PMID- 4046651
TI  - Effect of skin temperature on vibrotactile sensitivity.

PMID- 4046652
TI  - Pressure dependence of the canine aortic characteristic impedance and the effects
      of alterations in smooth muscle activity.

PMID- 4046653
TI  - Optimal conditions for the measurement of muscle fibre conduction velocity using
      surface electrode arrays.

PMID- 4046654
TI  - Colour representation of biomedical data.

PMID- 4046656
TI  - Relationships between short-term blood-pressure fluctuations and heart-rate
      variability in resting subjects. II: A simple model.

PMID- 4046655
TI  - Relationships between short-term blood-pressure fluctuations and heart-rate
      variability in resting subjects. I: A spectral analysis approach.

PMID- 4046657
TI  - Recording of surface His-Purkinje potentials.

PMID- 4046658
TI  - Comparison of methods for adaptive sampling of cardiac electrograms and
      electrocardiograms.

PMID- 4046659
TI  - Near infra-red telemetry system.

PMID- 4046661
TI  - [Programmable timer, counter of cycles of variable length and external events
      counter].

PMID- 4046660
TI  - Circuit for improved measurements of platelet volume distributions in whole blood
      samples.

PMID- 4046662
TI  - [Tick-transmitted Borrelia spirochetosis in Sweden. Irreversible changes can
      appear if banal and self-healing symptoms are not treated from the onset].

PMID- 4046663
TI  - [Early penicillin treatment can prevent CNS symptoms in tick-transmitted Borrelia
      meningitis].

PMID- 4046664
TI  - [Gastroenteritis treatment: is food better than fasting? A comparative study].

PMID- 4046665
TI  - [New methods for the registration of pain].

PMID- 4046667
TI  - [Median nerve compression caused by gout is a rare finding in women].

PMID- 4046666
TI  - [Withdrawal symptoms and behavioral disorders in children of mothers taking
      heroin/methadone during pregnancy].

PMID- 4046668
TI  - [Few complications, good results in 7 years' experience with gastrointestinal
      endoscopy at a small county hospital].

PMID- 4046669
TI  - [Reflections based on a questionnaire sent to Swedish surgery departments:
      therapy and routine check-ups after thyroid surgery].

PMID- 4046670
TI  - [Sexual abuses of children and adolescents].

PMID- 4046672
TI  - [Intracranial hemorrhage after lumbar puncture].

PMID- 4046671
TI  - [Medical handling of cases of suspected sexual abuses of children].

PMID- 4046673
TI  - [Measurement of the severity of disease as an instrument of prognosis in severe
      abdominal infections].

PMID- 4046674
TI  - [Vascular spasm in the hands and vibration trauma--prevention is the only
      therapy].

PMID- 4046675
TI  - [Reduction mammaplasty with preserved breast-feeding function].

PMID- 4046676
TI  - [Spreading cooperation at child health care centers increases the possibility of
      helping psychosocially damaged children].

PMID- 4046677
TI  - [Discussion of the panorama of injuries associated with karate: potential risks
      need new attention. Brain infarction in a 18-year-old boy after a karate blow].

PMID- 4046678
TI  - [Microscopic and macroscopic fungi in the colon].

PMID- 4046679
TI  - [An instructive case on an extrauterine device].

PMID- 4046680
TI  - [Psychoses and other psychotic disorders in the teens--a review of current
      knowledge].

PMID- 4046681
TI  - [Low molecular weight heparin--a new antithrombotic agent?].

PMID- 4046682
TI  - [Hypovolemic shock with edema/hemoconcentration caused by periodic leakage of
      plasma proteins].

PMID- 4046683
TI  - The effects of vasopressin on hepatic haemodynamics in the cirrhotic and non
      cirrhotic rat.
AB  - Liver blood flow (xenon-133 clearance method) and portal venous flow were
      measured in cirrhotic and non cirrhotic rats following the infusion of
      vasopressin at varying rates. At low rates of infusion, vasopressin had no
      significant effect on portal venous flow or liver blood flow in cirrhotic or non
      cirrhotic rats. Infusion of vasopressin at a rate of 0.08 microU/g body wt/min in
      non-cirrhotic rats and 0.04 and 0.08 microU/g body wt/min in cirrhotic rats
      decreased portal venous flow and increased liver blood flow. At higher rates of
      infusion (0.2 microU/g body wt/min in non-cirrhotic rats and 0.16 microU/g body
      wt/min in cirrhotic rats) these effects were reversed. Furthermore, an infusion
      of 0.08 microU/g body wt/min vasopressin significantly reduced portal pressure in
      the cirrhotic rat. However, portal pressure was not significantly altered
      following an infusion of 0.16 microU/g body wt vasopressin. The implications of
      these findings in relation to the possible deleterious effects of high rates of
      vasopressin infusion in the management of portal hypertension and bleeding
      oesophageal varices is discussed.

PMID- 4046684
TI  - [Do you consider replantation of spleen tissue following splenectomy for
      traumatic splenic rupture as routine by now?].

PMID- 4046685
TI  - [Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism].

PMID- 4046687
TI  - [The surface of the greater omentum in the human and its vulnerability in intra
      abdominal surgical interventions].
AB  - From five patients of the Department of General Surgery of the University
      Hospital of Hamburg-Eppendorf, who underwent laparotomy because of different
      indications, small pieces of tissue of the greater omentum were taken
      intraoperatively. The surface morphology of the greater omentum was studied by
      means of light, transmission electron and scanning electron microscopy. It became
      obvious that intact tissue only was obtained when the procedure of taking out
      material was accomplished most carefully. Consequently, during normal surgical
      manipulations the greater omentum usually will be damaged. In undamaged tissue
      specimen the normal surface of the greater omentum in man is described. The
      findings basically confirm the results of previous investigations. Injuries at
      the surface of the greater omentum after surgical treatment are, however, much
      more severe than they are noticeable by the naked eye. Lifting up of the
      mesothelium, ruptures of the submesothelial structures of connective tissue,
      squashing of fat cells and ruptures of blood vessels can be observed. During
      these processes lipid droplets are squeezed into the submesothelial connective
      tissues or even pressed up to the surface of the mesothelium. Large quantities of
      erythrocytes are found in the interstitium in between the adipose cells. To what
      extent milky spots and free nerve endings at the surface of the greater omentum
      are damaged during intraoperative manipulations cannot be unequivocally estimated
      on the basis of the material studied here.

PMID- 4046686
TI  - [Operative indications and surgical procedure in iodine-induced hyperthyroidism].
AB  - Clinical course, indications for surgical treatment, and results of treatment in
      8 female patients with iodine induced thyrotoxicosis (IIT) are reported. The
      diagnosis of IIT could be established in all patients by a) clinical
      hyperthyroidism, b) increased T3 and T4 serum concentrations, and c) previous
      iodine contamination. Sources of iodine were radiographic contrast agents for
      urography (n = 4), oral cholecystography (n = 3), intravenous cholangiography (n
      = 1), phlebography (n = 1), and cranial computer tomography (n = 1). The onset of
      hyperthyroidism occurred 1-8 weeks after iodine exposure. Indications for
      surgical treatment of IIT were: 1. autonomous nodular goiter (n = 6), and 2.
      iodine exacerbation of preexisting thyrotoxicosis in patients with Graves'
      disease (n = 2). Corresponding to the different pathogenesis of autonomous and
      immunogenetic goiter the following surgical treatment is recommended: Enucleation
      of solitary autonomous adenomas or unilateral lobectomy in case of large
      adenomas, subtotal bilateral lobectomy in toxic multinodular goiter or,
      preferentially, unilateral lobectomy combined with subtotal resection of the
      contralateral thyroid lobe; "Near-total" thyroidectomy in Graves' immunopathy.

PMID- 4046688
TI  - [Origin of olfactory and rhinosensory evoked cortical potentials in diseases of
      the central nervous system].
AB  - This is the first report to be published on olfactory evoked potentials in
      patients with well-defined lesions of the central nervous system and the
      trigeminal nerve. Absence of olfactory evoked potentials is seen in post-central
      and parietotemporal lesions. The first peak of the so-called olfactory evoked
      twin potential is absent in lesions of the basal nuclei and sectioning of the
      trigeminal or ophthalmic nerve, whereas there is no second peak in subcortico
      frontal and cortico-temporal lesions. Tumours of the corpus callosum and
      sectioning of the maxillary and mandibular nerves do not disturb the olfactory
      evoked potentials. The anatomically different localisation and the functional
      synergism of the olfactory and trigeminal systems in the perception of odours and
      the processing of olfactory evoked potentials are pointed out.

PMID- 4046689
TI  - [Operation indications of blow-out and midface fractures].
AB  - 89 patients with fractures of the orbital floor - both in isolation (blow-out
      fractures) and combined with a complex fracture of the midregion of the face -
      were followed up for an average of 5 years. Particular attention was paid to the
      quantitative evaluation of binocular fusion, diplopia and enophthalmos.
      Comparison of operated and conservatively treated patients with blow-out
      fractures led to the following conclusions with regard to indications for
      surgery: 1. It is not justified to regard either surgery or its postponement
      pending developments as obligatory in all cases. 2. Surgery is indicated by
      clinical, orthoptic and roentgenological findings as follows: a) In case of
      enophthalmos or roentgenological demonstration of prolapse, surgery is indicated
      independent of diplopia. b) Diplopia outside the main field of view does not, in
      general, necessitate surgery. c) If there is diplopia within the main field of
      view, surgery is indicated. It is generally accepted that orbital-floor fractures
      associated with complex mid-face fractures require early surgical treatment. The
      present investigation confirms this view.

PMID- 4046690
TI  - [Paraganglioma of the nasal cavity].
AB  - Extraadrenal paragangliomas are very rarely located in the nose and the nasal
      sinus. Histological and clinical findings of this tumour are discussed.

PMID- 4046691
TI  - [Vocal cord paralysis with stridor caused by interarytenoid fibrosis--a
      complication of intensive care].
AB  - Translaryngeal long-term intubation in intensive-care patients was followed in
      three cases by immobilisation of the vocal cords and severe stridor, caused by a
      fibrotic scar between the processus vocales and the posterior commissure.
      Different surgical approaches are described. Endoscopic incision of the scars is
      recommended. Most important is a bolting technique for several consecutive days.

PMID- 4046692
TI  - [Vascular architecture of the vocal cord surfaces. A fluorescence angiography
      study].
AB  - The study reported in this paper was devoted to investigating whether there are
      differences in the superficial vascularisation of the vocal cords compared with
      surrounding respiratory mucosa (e.g. false cords). The in-vivo technique employed
      was fluoresceine angiography. In full agreement with findings in anatomic
      preparations there was a fine vascular network, consisting of straight vessels
      running parallel to the surface of the vocal cords in dorsal-ventral direction.
      In contrast, the superficial vascular pattern of the false cords or other areas
      of the upper respiratory tract did not follow a linear pattern. Our findings may
      form the basis for further in-vivo studies of blood vessels in pathological
      alterations of the vocal cords.

PMID- 4046693
TI  - [Reduction of radical cavities by homologous cartilage chips].
AB  - The article reviews, first of all, the common obliteration methods of radical
      cavities. This is followed by a description of the author's own technique which
      has been practiced for the last 13 years. This method employs preserved (Cialit
      solution 1:5000) homologous septal cartilage chips, shaped into small cubes of 3
      4 mm. size. The chips are implanted in obscure districts (apical mastoid, sinus
      dura angle) of radical cavities for primary or secondary (old cavities) partial
      obliteration, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Crushed homologous septal cartilage
      plates and temporal muscle fascia are placed additionally on the chips. The
      effect is the construction of a small, easy-care cavity, which can be appreciated
      at a glance. Statistical results of 314 cases (170 cases of primary obliteration,
      144 old cavities) are presented. Chips in cavities are well tolerated. Chips were
      partially rejected in 13 cases only, whereas in 3 cases they were completely
      rejected. A permanent dry cavity and dry ear was achieved in 86% of the cases.
      Cholesteatoma recurred in 5 cases. The homologous cartilage technique is
      contraindicated in fistulas on the labyrinth or fenestra, as well as in exposed
      facial nerve or dehiscence of the facial nerve canal, in case of healed fistula
      of the dura, and in dissection of the sinus sigmoideus. In these cases,
      autologous cartilage (tragus, cavum conchae) must be implanted. One of the most
      important advantages of this method is that there is no crumpling up of the
      obliterated areas and no retractions over a longer period of time, compared with
      other relevant techniques (i.e., pedicled subcutis muscle grafts or free tissue
      flaps).

PMID- 4046694
TI  - [Speech discrimination in environment-specific noise].
AB  - Taking into account the changes in language discrimination due to specific
      environmental noise of varying quality, we determined the influence of cocktail
      party noise, traffic noise and factory noise by means of free field adjusted
      headphones, thus analysing the discrimination of monosyllables for different
      types and degrees of noise in normal and pathological hearing. The results
      confirm that language discrimination without specially considering noise
      interference does not satisfactorily describe actual communication conditions in
      the everyday life of those with disturbed hearing. Even noise interference using
      a speech-related spectral distribution or white noise cannot sufficiently
      simulate the actual interference quality in everyday life. Cocktail party noises
      proved useful to register frequent selection interference in language-similar
      surroundings. For specific interference influence, additional street noise or
      factory noise may be used. With regard to standardisation of noise interference,
      comparative examination of language-simulating noise available as test noise on
      every normal language cassette should be performed. The present study underlines,
      to say the least, that for comprehension of language discrimination disturbances
      in the presence of noise interference, a broad-spectrum range of possible noise
      should be available for a comprehensive coverage of the manifold communications
      situations that can arise.

PMID- 4046695
TI  - [Electrophysiologic studies on the course of the adaptation phase following noise
      stress].
AB  - It was the aim of this study to settle the problem whether the post-stimulatory
      pattern of the extent of excitation (amplitude, latency) registered with the
      cortical evoked potentials can be verified in the recovery phase via leads from
      the brain stem region and cochlea. In this context electrophysiological
      measurements with human and animal material were performed. After a five-minute
      stimulation with a wide-band noise of various intensity we examined in the post
      stimulation phase the specific stimulus pattern of the evoked potentials during
      an interval of 5 minutes with a resolution of 5 sec. We determined the change in
      response patterns of evoked potentials. Finally, the relevance of the results
      with regard to various nuclei of the auditory pathway is compared with
      corresponding electrophysiological measurements of the cochlear microphonics
      potentials, the VIII nerve compound action potential, and evoked potentials of
      different units of the brain stem and brain.

PMID- 4046696
TI  - [Myxomatous remnants in the human middle ear. Histologic studies of their
      regression and microtopography].
AB  - Remnants of embryonic mesenchyma in the human middle ear are visible until the
      end of the first year of life. They occur in the lateral part of the epitympanon
      as well as in the region of the cochlear fenestra. However, as a result of an
      incomplete pneumatisation of the middle ear, they undergo regressive changes via
      differentiation to precollageneous tissue to form, finally, the tunica propria of
      the mucoperiosteal layer of the middle ear. Microtopography of these remnants is
      due to genetic factors but also depends on the function of the Eustachian tube.
      Alterations of the impedance of the tympanic membrane and the ossicular chain are
      possible because of the location of these remnants. The importance of
      obstructions of the Eustachian tube for the persistence of the remnants is
      discussed, as well as the part that they play in the pathogenesis of
      cholesteatoma of the middle ear.

PMID- 4046697
TI  - [From the expert opinion case book: cervical nystagmus following injury of the
      occipital joint].
AB  - A case submitted for expertising is presented. After a fall on the occiput with a
      fracture of the occipital bone the patient had a pathological cervical nystagmus
      (type II according to Moser). The subjective complaints grew better in course of
      months. It is attempted to interpret the cause of the persistent proprioceptive
      cervical nystagmus. The disappearance of cervical vertigo is explained as being
      due to habituation.

PMID- 4046698
TI  - Croup and epiglottitis: a radiologic study.
AB  - Because of the controversy regarding the benefits of the lateral neck and chest
      radiographs in the evaluation of croup and epiglottitis, a two-part retrospective
      study was initiated. Part I consisted of a retrospective chart review of 44
      patients with a final diagnosis of croup and epiglottitis. Part II consisted of
      the 42 lateral neck and chest x-rays from patients in part I presented to six
      radiologists who knew only the patients age and the history of respiratory
      distress. Two hundred forty-six responses were obtained. The results of the part
      I study showed that 64% of patients with documented epiglottitis had a positive
      radiologic diagnosis. Only 33% of patients with croup had a positive radiologic
      diagnosis and importantly 27% had a diagnosis of possible epiglottitis. The
      results of part II showed 38% of the documented epiglottitis patients had a
      positive lateral neck radiograph. The croup patients had a lateral neck and/or
      chest x-ray positive in 38%. Of interest, 24% had readings consistent with
      possible epiglottitis. Based on this two-part study, it is our conclusion that
      the lateral neck and chest x-ray may be unreliable and inaccurate in the
      diagnosis of croup and epiglottitis. Caution and good clinical judgement should
      be utilized when interpreting these x-rays.

PMID- 4046699
TI  - Neurotropic melanoma of the head and neck.
AB  - Neurotropic melanoma is a lesion which simulates a cutaneous fibrous tumor whose
      clinical course is characterized by local infiltration, multiple recurrences, and
      commonly by metastasis. Like adenoid-cystic tumors of the head and neck, the
      neurotropic melanoma has a predilection for perineural invasion and extension
      along peripheral nerves. Its microscopic picture is characterized by atypical
      "neuroma-like" patterns of Schwann cells and spindle cells, by poorly defined
      margins, and by neurotropism. Lentigo malignant melanoma (LMM) is a precursory
      lesion. The neurotropic melanoma is of particular interest to the head and neck
      surgeon because in the less than 50 reported cases of this rare tumor the
      preponderant sites were head, neck, and lip. We report two cases of neurotropic
      melanoma of the head and neck which demonstrate the characteristic perineural
      invasion of cranial nerves and extension along cranial nerves to the central
      nervous system. The clinical and pathologic features of the neurotropic melanoma
      are reviewed and the key diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in these
      patients are discussed.

PMID- 4046700
TI  - Snoring: an acoustic monitoring technique.
AB  - Snoring is a significant symptom of upper airway obstruction which has not been
      measured and quantified in a clinically useful manner. A technique to determine
      acoustic level, frequency, and duration of snoring is reported. Four case studies
      illustrate the utility of this method. It is recommended that acoustic monitoring
      be included in the polysomnographic assessment of selected sleep disorder
      patients.

PMID- 4046701
TI  - Dilemmas in the management of chronic nasal and sinus inflammatory diseases of
      unknown etiology.
AB  - The diagnostic criteria and therapeutic regimens for upper airway necrotizing
      diseases such as Wegener's granulomatosis, polymorphic reticulosis, and the
      recently described idiopathic midline destructive disease have been better
      defined and clarified in the past decades. Despite an improved understanding of
      the various disease processes, there continues to be difficulty in establishing
      an early diagnosis before proceeding with prompt treatment to minimize loss of
      function and cosmetic deformity. To achieve these goals, we have expanded the
      indications for the use of the cytotoxic drug, cyclophosphamide, in those
      patients whose clinical and histologic presentations are suggestive of Wegener's
      granulomatosis, but in whom a specific diagnosis has not been confirmed by biopsy
      specimen. We have seen ten patients with upper airway lesions of a chronic
      inflammatory nature over the past six years at the Medical College of Wisconsin
      affiliated hospitals. Only three of these have had a definitive histopathologic
      diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis made prior to the initiation of cytotoxic
      therapy. Six have undergone treatment under our expanded criteria without a prior
      definitive diagnosis. Five of these have had arrest of the disease process, and
      one has had no response to therapy. One patient was not treated. There have been
      no serious side-effects from cyclophosphamide therapy in these patients.

PMID- 4046702
TI  - Hypoparathyroidism following total laryngopharyngectomy and gastric pull-up.
AB  - We have used the gastric pull-up technique for closure of large
      pharyngoesophageal defects after radical oncological surgery since 1979. The
      management of severe hypocalcemia and hypovitaminosis D seemed more difficult in
      patients undergoing pull-up reconstruction than in patients undergoing the same
      extirpative surgery, but reconstructed with more traditional methods. To
      determine if hypocalcemia and hypovitaminosis D were more common in gastric pull
      up patients, and if postoperative management of these conditions is more
      problematic in this group, we retrospectively compared three groups of head and
      neck surgery patients. Group 1 consisted of 17 patients undergoing total
      laryngectomy with thyroid complex preservation. Group 2 consisted of 7 patients
      undergoing mediastinal dissection with total laryngectomy-thyroidectomy
      previously or concurrently. Group 3 consisted of 30 patients undergoing total
      laryngopharyngoesophagectomy-thyroidectomy and gastric pull-up reconstruction.
      The incidences of hypocalcemia requiring therapy were 12%, 50%, and 73%,
      respectively, with an overall incidence of 51%. The average amounts of
      supplemental calcium and vitamin D in the three groups were compared. A
      significant between the three groups was noted. Finally, the dietary calcium and
      vitamin D requirements for one problematic patient were prospectively recorded
      and summarized graphically. We conclude that any patient should be carefully
      monitored for the signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia after major head and neck
      surgery. In the special instance of the gastric pull-up patient, calcium
      requirements and the range of serum calcium fluctuation are greatly increased
      compared to patients undergoing more traditional methods of reconstruction.

PMID- 4046703
TI  - Caustic ingestion in adult patients.
AB  - Sixteen adult patients who ingested caustic substances were seen from 1977
      through 1984. All patients underwent endoscopy to determine the site and severity
      of burns; mild hyperemia to severe, penetrating necrosis was detected in each
      patient. Ten ingestions were intentional, 4 accidental, and 2 questionably
      accidental. Morbidity and mortality were high, especially in patients who
      ingested caustic materials intentionally. A protocol for treatment with steroids
      and antibiotics was followed in half the patients studied. Those patients who
      completed this regime tended to have moderately severe burns. Caustic ingestion
      in adults must be viewed as a problem different from that of accidental ingestion
      in children. Since most adult caustic ingestions are intentional, the injuries
      are worse, more deaths result, and more severe scars causing permanent disability
      are a frequent outcome.

PMID- 4046704
TI  - The topical use of 5-fluorouracil in the ear in the management of cholesteatoma
      and excessive mucous secretion.
AB  - 5-Fluorouracil was introduced in the early 1960s as a topical chemotherapeutic
      agent and has become increasingly accepted because of its efficacy, economy, and
      relative absence of side effects in treating many pre-cancerous conditions,
      certain benign and malignant tumors, and dermatoses. This paper addresses the use
      of topical 5-fluorouracil in the management of cholesteatoma and unwanted mucus
      secreting cells. A retrospective study has suggested a very impressive efficacy
      of topical 5-fluorouracil in the management of cholesteatoma and, to a lesser
      degree, control of hyper-mucus-secreting cells at locations in the middle ear and
      mastoid. The use of topical 5-fluorouracil in the management of hyperkeratosis,
      cholesteatoma in the middle ear and mastoid, and in the external canal has been
      almost 100% effective with very few side effects. In the management of hyper
      mucous-secreting cells, 5-fluorouracil has a success rate of approximately 50%.

PMID- 4046705
TI  - Restoration of the airway following bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve
      paralysis.
AB  - Bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis has been treated by a number of
      ingenious techniques that include arytenoidectomies, vocal cord lateralizations,
      cordectomies, and, recently, reinnervation procedures and laser
      arytenoidectomies. An arytenoidectomy is recommended by a thyrotomy approach
      without lateralization of the vocal cord. The resulting airway is adequate for
      decannulation by expansion of the posterior glottic aperture, with preservation
      of the anterior glottis for phonation.

PMID- 4046706
TI  - The pitfalls of limiting ENG testing to patients with vertigo.
AB  - A high incidence of patients who do not experience vertigo with unilateral
      vestibular disease has been observed. Recognizing that many clinicians perform
      electronystagmographic vestibular testing on only patients who describe vertigo,
      a retrospective study of 229 patients was designed to study the potential
      pitfalls of this practice. The results confirm a preliminary study and show that
      66% of the patients described no vertigo. Included were 13 intracranial lesions
      of which only one had the classic symptom. Differences in cortical perception and
      adaptation are postulated as factors responsible for these and other observations
      relative to caloric stimulation, torsion swing testing, and the presence of
      spontaneous nystagmus.

PMID- 4046707
TI  - Comparative skin and RAST test results--an update.
AB  - Ninety allergy patients who had RAST testing prior to skin testing are evaluated
      by the comparison of the results of these two contrasting methods of testing. The
      skin tests were done on the basis of the RAST results and the size of the wheal
      obtained was greater than expected in the less sensitive patients with both
      pollens and non-pollens. The opposite was found with the more sensitive patients-
      Rast classes 4 and 5. The distribution of the results was statistically analyzed
      and the p-value was less than .001 for both pollens and non-pollens. The
      resultant conclusions are that desensitization based on RAST testing alone is
      contraindicated and that the patient is best handled by integration of the
      findings of these two different testing modes.

PMID- 4046708
TI  - A study of endotracheal tube injury to the subglottis.
AB  - An endotracheal tube presses against distinct pressure points within the airway.
      These areas are the shaft of the tube against the arytenoids and posterior
      cricoid and the cuff-tube tip in the trachea. An ulcerative injury occurs at
      these interfacing points from motion occurring between tube and tissue.
      Minimizing this inherent movement is possible by tube modification and, in the
      presented animal model, prevents injury.

PMID- 4046709
TI  - Long-term adaptive changes of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in patients following
      acoustic neuroma surgery.
AB  - A series of 26 patients undergoing translabyrinthine acoustic neuroma surgery was
      evaluated pre- and postoperatively using rotatory vestibular testing. Patients
      were tested immediately prior to surgery and followed long-term at frequent
      intervals for periods of one week to two years, depending on availability and
      length of time postoperative. Rotatory testing was performed at multiple
      frequencies of 0.0125, 0.05, and 0.2 Hz, and the vestibulo-ocular reflex was
      measured using electro-oculographic techniques. Dependent variables of the slow
      component of the vestibulo-ocular reflex were derived by computer analysis,
      including gain, phase, DC bias, ampullopetal and ampullofugal responses of the
      remaining labyrinth, and asymmetry. These variables changed in a predictable
      fashion as related to the reciprocal of time. Results of this data are fitted
      with a linear statistical model, validating the changes.

PMID- 4046710
TI  - Functional versus organic vocal cord paralysis: rapid diagnosis and
      decannulation.
AB  - Functional versus organic vocal cord paralysis can be difficult to differentiate
      at times. If a tracheostomy has already been performed, the distinction can be
      made by the use of intratracheal pressure monitoring while the patient is being
      sedated. If the problem is functional then rapid decannulation can be
      accomplished as described in this report.

PMID- 4046711
TI  - Aerodynamic assessment of the Henley-Cohn tracheoesophageal prosthesis.
AB  - In vitro airway resistance measurements were performed for eight Henley-Cohn
      voice prostheses. The results of these measures demonstrated that the Henley-Cohn
      device offers substantially less resistance to the flow of air than either the
      Blom-Singer or Panje devices. The lower overall resistance of the Henley-Cohn
      device was shown to be due to both its larger inner cross sectional area and to
      an improved valve tip design. The lower airway resistance of the Henley-Cohn
      prosthesis should theoretically result in more "efficient" production of
      esophageal voice than would be the case when using the Blom-Singer or Panje
      devices. However, the results of this investigation also point to the need for
      the development of methods which will enable investigators to evaluate the in
      vivo performance of tracheoesophageal prostheses.

PMID- 4046712
TI  - Facial plastic surgery in an otolaryngology training program.
AB  - The medical complications and unsatisfactory results of facial plastic surgery
      performed by residents under close supervision are compared with those of the
      staff who train them and the literature. In 502 rhinoplasty, rhytidectomy,
      browlift, blepharoplasty, otoplasty, dermabrasion, and chemical peel procedures,
      there were no significant differences between the resident and staff operations
      except that residents required more time to perform the procedure. Operations
      which might be combined at one sitting should be staged during a resident's early
      experience with cosmetic surgery.

PMID- 4046713
TI  - Thyroid cartilage flap reconstruction of the larynx following vertical partial
      laryngectomy: a preliminary report in two patients.
AB  - Reconstruction of the larynx following vertical partial laryngectomy may be
      undertaken with many techniques. Methods using soft tissue employ readily
      accessible structures within the operative field with straightforward
      reconstructive designs. However, decannulation is often delayed, and variable
      degrees of atrophy must be planned for. Methods using cartilage may lead to early
      decannulation without long-term atrophy as a problem. However, grafts or flaps
      are less accessible, and reconstructive designs are often complex. In addition,
      chondritis may be a significant problem, especially in radiated patients. A
      supraglottic thyroid cartilage flap is described that is readily accessible and
      maintains its blood supply from external and internal perichondrium, as well as
      internal mucosa. Its use is reserved for unilateral glottic lesions without
      supraglottic spread. Experience with this technique is described in two patients.

PMID- 4046714
TI  - Teratoma of the tongue: a case report and literature review.
AB  - Teratomas of the tongue are extremely rare neoplasms, with only five reported
      cases in the literature. We report an additional case here and review the
      literature on this rare entity.

PMID- 4046715
TI  - Laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma associated with juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis.
AB  - The speculation whether juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis may transform into or
      be associated with epidermoid carcinoma is explored. We document a case of
      invasive laryngeal carcinoma arising in preexisting juvenile laryngeal
      papillomatosis. After multiple childhood laryngoscopies and a tracheotomy, a 54
      year-old, 30-pack per year smoker, who had never received radiation therapy,
      developed a florid exophytic transglottic squamous cell carcinoma.
      Histologically, the invasive epidermoid carcinoma was surrounded by a field of
      papillomata with varying degrees of atypical changes. After total laryngectomy,
      isolated papillomata were found in the lower trachea. There were no cervical
      lymph node metastases. No postoperative radiation therapy was given. Persistent
      squamous papillomata in the tracheostomy site, the lower trachea, and the
      posterior pharynx were treated with the CO2 laser. We emphasize the need to
      maintain a high index of suspicion for malignancy. In addition, we review the
      problem of benign papillomata in the aerodigestive tract following laryngectomy.

PMID- 4046716
TI  - Functional tracheoesophageal shunt for vocal rehabilitation after laryngectomy.
AB  - A new one-stage surgical technique for postlaryngectomy vocal rehabilitation was
      applied to 19 patients with advanced carcinoma of the larynx. The technique
      consists mainly of the construction of a tracheoesophageal shunt and the creation
      of a tracheoesophageal flap to cover the shunt preventing entry of food into the
      trachea. Fifteen of the 19 patients developed useful speech. Slight leakage of
      liquids into the trachea occurred in four patients. This is avoided by having the
      patient bend his head down during deglutition. This technique can be performed in
      a wide variety of clinical situations and restores effortless speech without any
      special training.

PMID- 4046717
TI  - Reconstruction of columella and upper lip by septal flap.

PMID- 4046718
TI  - Oral, nasal, and sinus procedures using a self-retaining retractor.

PMID- 4046719
TI  - Jet ventilation via a copper endotracheal tube for CO2 laser surgery of the
      oropharynx.

PMID- 4046720
TI  - Intramuscular hemangioma of the head and neck.

PMID- 4046721
TI  - Experimental evidence against middle ear oxygen absorption.

PMID- 4046722
TI  - [The effect of prenatal and postnatal factors in the etiology of congenital hip
      dysplasia].

PMID- 4046723
TI  - [Epidemiology of skin cancer in the area of Sibenik and Drnis 1971-1980].

PMID- 4046724
TI  - [Results of color vision tests in professional drivers].

PMID- 4046725
TI  - [Carcinomatous pericarditis and cardiac tamponade as a primary manifestation of
      carcinoma of the bronchi and pancreas].

PMID- 4046726
TI  - [Low endocardial potential in the left ventricle in acute myocardial infarct as a
      cause of failure in the demand function of a temporary heart pacemaker].

PMID- 4046727
TI  - [Congenital atresia of the esophagus].

PMID- 4046728
TI  - [Relation between the time of treatment and the success of treatment in
      congenital hip dislocation].

PMID- 4046729
TI  - [Notes from medical terminology (26)].

PMID- 4046730
TI  - Studies on methyl-xanthines in intact and hypophysectomised rats: differences in
      pharmacokinetics and adrenocortical response.
AB  - The effects of caffeine (Cf), theophylline (Tph) and theobromine (Tb) on the
      adrenal cortex were studied. No direct effect (hypophysectomized: hypo(-) rats)
      was observed with any of the three methyl-xanthines (MX) after chronic oral
      administration (5 days). An indirect effect (via the hypothalamo-hypophyseal
      adrenal axis) was found for theophylline: plasma and adrenal corticosterone
      levels were increased in intact rats, after acute or chronic treatment. The high
      toxicity of MX (mainly Tph) observed in hypo(-) rats prompted the study of
      pharmacokinetic parameters: the clearance was decreased and the half-life was
      increased by a factor 3 for Cf and 1.6 for Tph. Thus, the elimination of Cf and
      Tph was slowed down in hypo(-) rats.

PMID- 4046731
TI  - Hyperbaric pressure of 51 atmospheres is without effect on the depression of
      oxygen uptake in kidney tissue culture produced by halothane.
AB  - Although anesthetized animals are awakened when subjected to increased pressure,
      compression does not result in antagonism of all phenomena associated with these
      drugs. It has recently been demonstrated that halothane's inhibition of
      respiration of isolated rat liver mitochondria is not reversed by hydraulic
      compression to 51 atmospheres. In order to determine whether this phenomenon can
      be extrapolated to the whole cell, we have investigated the effect of hydraulic
      compression of intact renal cells equilibrated with halothane, and conclude that
      pressure does not overcome the inhibitory effect of this anesthetic.

PMID- 4046732
TI  - Estradiol increases growth hormone secretion in rats exposed to swimming stress
      or reserpine treatment.
AB  - The secretory pattern of growth hormone (GH) in female rats differs from that in
      males with respect to e.g. the inter-peak baseline levels being higher in
      females. In the present study the influence of sex steroids on plasma GH levels
      was investigated in male rats under various conditions. Administration of
      estradiol, but not testosterone, was found to increase GH release in rats with
      suppressed levels induced by exposure to swimming stress or by treatment with the
      monoamine depleting agent reserpine. In line with previous studies,
      administration of estradiol was found to increase also inter-peak GH levels in
      adult male rats; i.e. to cause a feminization of the secretory pattern. In
      stressed and in reserpinized animals as well as in normal male rats, the effect
      of estradiol is similar to that earlier demonstrated for somatostatin antiserum,
      and hence it is suggested that estradiol may act antagonistic to the GH
      inhibiting factor.

PMID- 4046733
TI  - Motor paralysis in rats after repeated electroconvulsive shock: comparison
      between aural and corneal stimulation.
AB  - Daily transaural electroshock treatment of rats results in a reversible hindlimb
      paralysis. Assuming there is a relationship between current pathway and the route
      of electroshock administration we compared both the type of convulsive behavior
      and the incidence of paralysis produced by transcorneal shock with that of
      transaural stimulation. Both transaural and transcorneal stimulation induced
      clonic and tonic convulsions, whereas, only transaural stimulation induced a body
      flexion (twisting and writhing). The use of transaural electrodes induced a
      higher incidence of paralysis than the use of corneal electrodes. These data
      demonstrate that both (1) the type of convulsive behavior produced and (2) the
      incidence of paralysis is related to electrode placement suggesting that
      paralysis is a function of current pathway.

PMID- 4046734
TI  - Sensitivity to ethanol in female mice: effects of ovariectomy and strain.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of ovariectomy (OVX)
      on alcohol sensitivity in mice. In the first experiment, OVX, sham-operated, and
      nonsurgical control C57BL mice were examined for brain alcohol levels associated
      with alcohol-induced motor incoordination, alcohol-induced loss of righting
      reflex, and voluntary alcohol consumption. The second experiment employed four
      strains of mice (C57BL, C3H, DBA, and Swiss Webster) to evaluate the influence of
      OVX on alcohol-induced spontaneous activity. Taken together, the results
      indicated that surgical removal of the ovaries in mice does not influence alcohol
      induced motor incoordination, loss of righting reflex, or spontaneous activity.
      Voluntary alcohol consumption, however, was affected by ovariectomy, since mice
      in the OVX group consumed less alcohol relative to body weight (g/kg) than
      controls.

PMID- 4046735
TI  - Inhaled toluene produces pentobarbital-like discriminative stimulus effects in
      mice.
AB  - The abuse of volatile solvents may be due to their ability to produce an
      intoxication similar to that produced by classical central nervous system
      depressants such as the barbiturates and ethanol. To evaluate this hypothesis,
      mice were trained to discriminate pentobarbital from saline injections in a two
      lever operant task. Stimulus generalization was examined following 20-min
      inhalation exposures to toluene (300-5400 ppm). In 8 of 10 subjects,
      pentobarbital-lever responding occurred following toluene exposure indicating an
      overlap in the discriminative stimulus properties of toluene and pentobarbital.

PMID- 4046736
TI  - Reduced mechanical activity of perfused rat heart following morphine or
      enkephalin peptides administration.
AB  - In the isolated and perfused rat heart, the addition of morphine, methionine
      enkephalin or leucine-enkephalin to the coronary perfusate, significantly reduces
      the mechanical activity by negatively affecting both the heart rate and the
      developed tension. These effects are dose dependent and maximally evident with
      leucine-enkephalin. Furthermore all the opioids strongly reduce the activity of
      isoproterenol-stimulated hearts. The suggestion is made that opioid peptides
      directly influence the cardiac mechanical activity possibly by interacting with
      membrane-receptor systems.

PMID- 4046737
TI  - Chronic decrease of blood pressure by rat relaxin in spontaneously hypertensive
      rats.
AB  - Relaxin is an ovarian polypeptide hormone which is present in large amounts in
      the rat during the second half of gestation. During this period, blood pressure
      declines markedly, especially in spontaneously-hypertensive rats (SHR). To test
      the hypothesis that relaxin might be implicated in this decrease in blood
      pressure, we infused the hormone in female non-pregnant rats by means of an
      osmotic mini pump. Our results show that intravenous infusion of purified rat
      relaxin (1.8 micrograms/day) markedly reduced systolic blood pressure for at
      least 5 or 6 days in SHR. This decrease was highly significant from 24 hours
      after the beginning of the infusion and remained significant after 5 days. Rat
      relaxin was ineffective in control Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Infusion of purified
      porcine relaxin (3.0 micrograms/day) also diminished blood pressure in SHR, but
      the effect was less pronounced and developed more slowly, reaching statistical
      significance on the fourth day of infusion. SHR not receiving relaxin maintained
      their original systolic blood pressure throughout the experiment. These results
      indicate that relaxin is involved in the regulation of blood pressure during
      gestation.

PMID- 4046738
TI  - Stereospecificity of 2-methylpiperidine binding to a nicotinic up-regulatory site
      in the rat brain P2 preparation.
AB  - (+/-)-2-Methylpiperidine has a high degree of specificity in enhancing the
      binding of (-)-[3H]nicotine in the rat brain P2 preparation. (-)- and (+)-2
      Methylpiperidine have been resolved. The (+) but not the (-) isomer increased the
      binding of (-)-[3H]nicotine. The two isomers were equally effective in inhibiting
      the binding of (-)-[3H]nicotine in high concentrations. These data provide
      additional support for a stereospecific nicotinic up-regulatory site.

PMID- 4046739
TI  - Influence of aging and poly IC treatment on xenobiotic metabolism in mice.
AB  - Cytochrome P-450-dependent and independent metabolism of xenobiotics in the liver
      of C57BL/10ScSn male mice was investigated in relation to age and the age-related
      differences in response to treatment with polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid
      (poly IC), an interferon inducing agent. Young (3 months), middle-aged (15
      months) and old (27 months) animals were studied. Mean survival time of males of
      this strain is 30-33 months. Age-related changes in the metabolism of xenobiotics
      included significant decreases between middle and old age in activities of the
      microsomal P-450-dependent mixed function oxidases (MFO), aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase (AHH) and p-nitroanisole (p-NA) O-demethylase, but not 7
      ethoxycoumarin (7-Ec) O-deethylase. Analysis of P-450-independent enzymes
      revealed a significant decrease in the epoxide hydrolase activity in the
      microsomes and cytosol from old compared to middle-aged or young mice.
      Glutathione S-transferase activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) was
      lower in cytosols of middle-aged and old than young mice. Carboxylesterase
      activity was not altered by age. Hepatic microsomal protein content was
      significantly higher in middle-aged and old than in young mice. Intraperitoneal
      treatment with a single dose of 5 mg/kg poly IC 24 hours before sacrifice
      resulted, for mice of all age groups, in a marked inhibition of activities of all
      3 microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes, without any changes in
      activities of the P-450-independent enzymes. The inhibition of AHH by poly IC was
      much higher in old and middle-aged than in young mice, averaging 87.1%, 74.5%,
      and 41.9%, respectively, in the 3 age groups. Poly IC treatment increased lipid
      peroxidation in liver homogenates of all groups of mice. Body and liver weights
      were not altered in animals of the 3 age groups by poly IC treatment, but hepatic
      microsomal protein contents were significantly decreased.

PMID- 4046740
TI  - Aging and the biophysical properties of cell membranes.
AB  - Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to examine the biophysical characteristics of
      human platelet membranes as a function of subject age. The structural order of
      membrane lipid domains was determined with the use of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5
      hexatriene (DPH), a fluorescent probe that preferentially localizes in the
      hydrocarbon core of synthetic and biological membranes. Over the age range of
      subjects examined (17 to 86 years) the structural order of platelet membranes, as
      reflected by the steady-state fluorescence polarization of DPH, increased
      substantially. The magnitude of the observed increase in membrane structural
      order is sufficient to affect membrane-related cell functions including platelet
      aggregation. A major contributor to the increase in structural order of platelet
      membranes may have been an increase in the concentration of cholesterol in serum
      and tissue with age. The changes observed here in platelet membranes may be a
      general phenomenon of aging, as changes of similar type and magnitude have been
      observed in lymphocyte membranes and brain with age in other studies.

PMID- 4046741
TI  - Inhibition of protein synthesis: a basis for tunicamycin-induced decrease in rat
      liver cytochrome P-450.
AB  - Tunicamycin caused a dose and time dependent decrease in cytochrome P-450 in rat
      liver. A dose of 50 micrograms/kg caused a decrease of about 50% in 72 hours. A
      similar decrease in the activities of rat liver microsomal aniline hydroxylase,
      aminopyrine N-demethylase and ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase were also seen after
      the tunicamycin treatment. Tunicamycin also suppressed food and water intake but
      the decrease in cytochrome P-450 was not related to these effects. NADPH
      cytochrome c reductase was not markedly decreased by tunicamycin. A decrease in
      cytochrome P-450 was also observed in cultured rat hepatocytes treated with
      tunicamycin. It decreased incorporation of [35S]-methionine into total proteins
      as well as into various cytochrome P-450 isozymes of rat hepatocytes. This
      indicates that a decrease in protein synthesis may be responsible for the
      tunicamycin-induced decrease in cytochrome P-450 and drug metabolism.

PMID- 4046742
TI  - Quantification of dopaminergic supersensitization using apomorphine-induced
      behavior in the mouse.
AB  - Dose-response curves for apomorphine-induced behavior were determined in C57BL/6J
      mice with and without a 30 day treatment with 2.5 mg/kg/day haloperidol. The
      effect of the chronic neuroleptic, whether assessed by the dose-response curve
      for total ratings or by a multiple logistic method determining ED50's for
      transitions between individual stereotype ratings, was to shift the curve to the
      left by a factor of slightly less than 2. This estimate is considerably different
      from those using the rotational model and denervation as the supersensitizing
      stimulus. There was no indication of selective effects of the neuroleptic
      treatment on individual components of the behavioral response.

PMID- 4046743
TI  - Reduced muscarinic receptor plasticity in frontal cortex of aged rats after
      chronic administration of cholinergic drugs.
AB  - Age-related differences in muscarinic receptor plasticity were observed in young,
      adult and senescent Fischer 344 rats (3, 9 and 27 months old, respectively)
      following the chronic, intracerebroventricular (ivt) administration of a
      cholinergic agonist, oxotremorine, or antagonist, methylatropine. After three
      weeks treatment of young rats with ivt oxotremorine, the maximum number (Bmax) of
      3H-QNB binding sites in frontal cortex, determined by saturation experiments, was
      reduced by 27%, with no apparent change in the affinity (Kd) of 3H-QNB for the
      muscarinic receptor. Conversely, chronic ivt methylatropine administered to 3
      month old animals caused a 29% increase in Bmax with no significant change in Kd.
      Adult animals showed a somewhat lesser degree of muscarinic receptor plasticity
      (16% down-regulation after oxotremorine, 22% up-regulation after methylatropine).
      However, 3H-QNB binding parameters in frontal cortex from senescent rats were not
      significantly altered following identical treatments with oxotremorine or
      methylatropine. Thus, muscarinic receptor adaptation to chronic, cholinergic drug
      administration was impaired in aged animals. This reduced receptor plasticity
      with aging could have important implications for the long-term drug treatment of
      elderly patients and for the therapeutic efficacy of cholinergic drugs in age
      related neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 4046744
TI  - Increased anticonvulsant effect of phenobarbital with age in mice--a possible
      pharmacological index for brain aging.
AB  - We have recently reported that the anticonvulsant effect of phenytoin increases
      with age in mice (1). Since some of the mechanisms of anticonvulsant action of
      phenytoin and phenobarbital may be different, the present study sought to
      determine whether a similar increase with age in the anticonvulsant effect of
      phenobarbital could also be observed. The anticonvulsant effect of phenobarbital
      was examined in BDF1 female mice of different ages (6, 12, 24 and 30 months old)
      using the abolition of the tonic hindlimb extensor component of maximal electro
      shock seizure as the index. The minimal effective concentration (MEC) values of
      phenobarbital in plasma and brain were significantly lower in aged (24 and 30
      month old) mice compared with the respective values in the youngest animal group
      (6 month old). Series using nearly two-fold different intensities of electroshock
      (30 and 55 mA) showed almost identical MEC values in 24 month-old mice. It was
      concluded that the brain of aged mice is more sensitive to phenobarbital, as it
      is to phenytoin.

PMID- 4046745
TI  - Exposure to nuclear magnetic resonance imaging procedure attenuates morphine
      induced analgesia in mice.
AB  - Adult male mice exposed to a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (NMRI) procedure
      during the mid-dark period and injected with morphine (10 mg/kg) failed to
      exhibit the normal nocturnally enhanced morphine analgesia response to a thermal
      stimulus that was displayed by mice exposed to a sham imaging procedure and
      treated with morphine (p less than .01). When tested during the mid-light period,
      animals exposed to the NMRI procedure and given morphine displayed attenuated
      analgesia levels relative to sham exposed mice (p less than .01) treated with
      morphine. However, the morphine induced analgesia was not totally abolished since
      the imaged mice still exhibited analgesia relative to saline treated mice (p less
      than .01). These results suggest that the magnetic and/or radio-frequency fields
      associated with the NMRI procedure alter both day- and night-time responses to
      morphine. These results may reflect magnetic field induced alterations in
      neuronal calcium binding and/or alterations in nocturnal pineal gland activity.

PMID- 4046746
TI  - Fattening responses to daily intervals of heat exposure in the Syrian hamster.
AB  - Warm ambient temperature (38 degrees C) provided daily for one hr induced time
      dependent changes in body weight and fat stores in the Syrian hamster. In animals
      held on 10-hr daily photoperiods and room temperature (23 degrees C), daily one
      hour thermopulses at 8 and 20 hr after light onset stimulated increases in body
      weights and indices of body fat storage. Abdominal fat pad weights of these
      groups were twice those of untreated controls after 17 and 28 days of
      thermoperiodic treatments. On the other hand, daily thermopulses were completely
      ineffective at 0 and 16 hr after light onset. These results demonstrate that body
      fat stores may be influenced by a temporal interaction of environmental stimuli
      and implicate underlying circadian mechanisms in the regulation of body fat.

PMID- 4046747
TI  - High performance liquid chromatographic separation of diacylglycerol acetates to
      quantitate disaturated species of lung phosphatidylcholine.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation of diacylglycerol
      acetates to quantitate disaturated species of lung phosphatidylcholine (PC) was
      studied. The diacylglycerol acetates were applied on a reversed phase column,
      eluted by an isocratic solvent, acetonitrile/isopropanol/water (35:15:1, v/v/v)
      at a flow rate of 1 ml/min, and detected by differential refractometry (RI). This
      isocratic HPLC method was useful to separate disaturated species from the others
      of lung PC. The quantitative analysis of the molecular species separated by HPLC
      was studied by RI detection. Chromatograms obtained by RI detection and
      radioactivity determination of diacylglycerol [3H]acetates prepared by [3H]acetic
      anhydride were almost identical. The RI detector responded in the same degree for
      different authentic standards of diacylglycerol acetates. The detection limit
      with RI detection was about 30 nmoles. Molecular species of PCs from human lung
      and carcinoma tissues were analyzed by this HPLC method. The contents of
      disaturated species were very similar to those reported previously. These results
      indicate that RI detection is very useful in the nmole range for the quantitative
      analysis among the molecular species containing disaturated species.

PMID- 4046748
TI  - Lipid peroxidation and oxidation of several compounds by H2O2 activated
      metmyoglobin.
AB  - Activated metmyoglobin (MetMb) by H2O2 initiates oxidation of microsomal
      unsaturated fatty acids, beta-carotene and methional but not formate. Lipid
      peroxidation by activated MetMb was not inhibited by catalase. The activated
      species which initiates lipid peroxidation appears to be a porphyrin cation
      radical, PFeIV=O, and not a hydroxyl radical.

PMID- 4046749
TI  - Chronic hepatitis: a possible etiology of fatty liver.
AB  - In a survey of the etiology of hepatic steatosis, none of the known causes of
      fatty liver was identified in 12 of 137 patients with severe fatty changes (more
      than 50% of hepatic cells containing fat vacuoles) diagnosed over a 4-year
      period. The retrospective analysis of the clinical records of these patients
      disclosed the absence of symptoms, liver biopsy being performed because of
      persistent hypertransaminasemia, which had been discovered fortuitously in 10
      cases and after acute hepatitis in two. None had HBsAg in serum. In addition to
      fatty changes, lobular necrosis was found in 11 cases and chronic inflammation of
      portal tracts in eight. Patients remained asymptomatic and had raised
      transaminases during a follow-up ranging from 1 to 3 years. The clinical,
      biochemical and follow-up features of these patients closely resemble those of
      patients with chronic hepatitis in Mediterranean countries. Thus it can be
      suggested that in some cases fatty liver may be a prominent feature of chronic
      hepatitis.

PMID- 4046750
TI  - Correlation of age with the status of hepatitis B virus replication and
      histological changes in chronic type B hepatitis.
AB  - The interrelationships of age, hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA, hepatitis B e antigen
      (HBeAg)/antibody (anti-HBe) and hepatic histological changes were examined in a
      large series of patients with chronic type B hepatitis. A significant inverse
      relationship between serum levels of HBV-DNA and the age of patients was
      demonstrated:a high level of HBV-DNA (greater than 500 pg/ml) was found in 100%,
      50%, 34%, 10% and 0% of patients in the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth
      decade, respectively (P less than 0.001), whereas serum HBV-DNA was negative in
      0%, 6%, 8%, 40%, and 50% of cases in the respective decades (P less than 0.001).
      The correlation of HBV-DNA with age was more pronounced in the HBeAg-negative
      cases, of whom 81.3% (13/16) of patients below age 40 were positive for HBV-DNA,
      in contrast to 33.3% (3/9) of those over 40 years (P less than 0.05). In
      addition, the mean age increased from 25.3 years for HBeAg-positive patients with
      chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) and nonspecific reactive histological changes
      (NSRH), to 32.7 years for HBeAg-positive and 34.9 years for anti-HBe positive
      patients with chronic active hepatitis and chronic lobular hepatitis (P less than
      0.001), and 40.9 years for anti-HBe positive CPH and NSRH (P less than 0.001).
      These data suggested that age correlated closely with the status of HBV
      replication and hepatic changes in chronic type B hepatitis.

PMID- 4046751
TI  - Estimation of the hepatic blood "flow" by galactose plasma clearance in patients
      with liver disease.
AB  - Following intravenous administration of 500 mg/kg b.wt. galactose, Galactose
      Elimination Capacity (GEC, mg/min/kg) was determined in 24 subjects with chronic
      non-cirrhotic liver disease (CLD), 33 with liver cirrhosis and 11 controls. GEC
      was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced in both CLD and cirrhosis. A
      statistically significant difference (P less than 0.01) was present between these
      two groups. Following the plasma disappearance curve at concentrations below 1.25
      mmol/l, at which the extraction coefficient is assumed to be equal to one, the
      "Efficient Hepatic Blood Flow" (EHBF, ml/min) was determined in 11 consecutive
      cirrhosis patients, seven patients with CLD and 11 controls. EHBF was normal or
      slightly reduced in CLD as compared to controls (1046 +/- 216 vs. 1471 +/- 156
      ml/min, mean +/- SEM, n.s.) whereas it was markedly reduced in cirrhosis (846 +/-
      96 ml/min, mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.001). Interestingly, a significant linear
      correlation (r = 0.757, p less than 0.001) was present between EHBF and the
      plasma clearance of sulfobromophthalein. No correlation was present, on the other
      hand, between the value of GEC and that of EHBF. These data indicate that after a
      single intravenous injection of galactose, the hepatic blood flow passing through
      the enzymatically active parts of the liver (i.e. excluding shunts) can be
      measured.

PMID- 4046752
TI  - Subclinical encephalopathy after portosystemic shunts in patients with non
      cirrhotic portal fibrosis.
AB  - Cerebral function was studied in patients with non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis who
      had no clinically detectable neurological abnormality, 14 before and 29 after a
      proximal lienorenal shunt operation. In each patient electroencephalography (EEG)
      and psychometric tests (the number connection test, construction of a five
      pointed star and the reverse counting test) were performed. Psychometric tests
      were also done in an equal number of matched, healthy controls. Subclinical
      encephalopathy was diagnosed when any of these tests was abnormal. In the
      unoperated group the EEG was normal in all patients and there was no difference
      in the psychometric test results between patients and healthy controls. After
      portosystemic shunt operations, the EEG was abnormal in 10%, the number
      connection test in 38%, construction of a five-pointed star in 19% and the
      reverse counting test in 30% of the patients. Detection of subclinical hepatic
      encephalopathy in such a high proportion of operated patients with non-cirrhotic
      portal fibrosis suggests that the surgical procedure and its haemodynamic
      consequences per se could have been responsible.

PMID- 4046753
TI  - Biliary elimination of beta-lactam antibiotics by the isolated perfused rabbit
      liver.
AB  - Biliary elimination of 15 beta-lactams was studied using a model of isolated
      perfused rabbit liver. During the perfusion period, the main liver functions were
      well preserved. The highest biliary concentrations were reached by antibiotics of
      the penicillin group, and the highest biliary recovery was observed with
      metampicillin, apalcillin and mezlocillin (46.5, 30.7 and 20.3%, respectively, of
      the dose administered). This technique was also suitable for estimating the
      degree of bio-transformation in the liver of the antibiotics studied.

PMID- 4046754
TI  - The cellular infiltrate in the liver in auto-immune chronic active hepatitis:
      analysis with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - The mononuclear cell infiltrate in the liver was analyzed, using a panel of
      monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) of known specificity, in 10 patients with auto
      immune chronic active hepatitis and, for contrast, in 14 with other types of
      chronic parenchymal liver diseases. In all cases, the mononuclear cell (MNC)
      infiltrate in the liver consisted mostly of T lymphocytes. Helper (Th) cells were
      more frequent than suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (Tsc) in the portal tracts and
      cirrhotic scar tissue, while Tsc were more common in the hepatic parenchyma. The
      number of Tsc cells in the parenchyma was greatest in patients with
      histologically active CAH and least in patients with quiescent cirrhosis.
      "Plasmacytoid" cells with the morphology of plasma cells, a hallmark of the MNC
      infiltrate in auto-immune CAH, were more frequent in histologically active CAH
      than in quiescent cirrhosis. These plasmacytoid cells were T200 + ve, and hence
      of bone marrow origin, but the majority expressed neither membrane nor
      cytoplasmic immunoglobulin nor any lineage-specific marker antigens, and hence
      did not fulfil criteria for B lymphocytes; however, these cells were positive for
      OKT10 and HLA DR. No difference was evident between the MNC infiltrate in the
      liver in auto-immune CAH and that in the other acute or chronic liver diseases
      studied, including HBV-associated CAH; hence immunohistological studies do not
      point to any pathological processes uniquely responsible for the pattern of
      hepatocyte damage seen in auto-immune CAH.

PMID- 4046755
TI  - Correlation between liver morphology and haemodynamics in alcoholic liver
      disease.
AB  - In 32 alcoholic patients the degree of hepatic architectural destruction was
      graded (preserved architecture, nodules alternating with preserved architecture,
      totally destroyed architecture) and related to portal pressure. A significant
      positive correlation was found between degree of architectural destruction and
      wedged-to-free hepatic vein pressure (W-FHVP) (p less than 0.001). The degree of
      necrosis, fatty change and inflammation showed no correlation with portal
      pressure, whereas a significant positive correlation was found between the
      occurrence of Mallory bodies and W-FHVP (p less than 0.01) and between degree of
      fibrosis and W-FHVP (p less than 0.001). In 22 of the patients, hepatic blood
      flow (HBF) was measured and in these patients hepatic resistance was calculated
      (W-FHVP/HBF). A significant positive correlation was found between fibrosis and
      hepatic resistance (p less than 0.01). Further, hepatic architectural destruction
      (p less than 0.01) was positively correlated to hepatic resistance. Necrosis,
      fatty change, occurrence of Mallory bodies or inflammation showed no significant
      correlation with hepatic resistance. Mean hepatocyte volume was calculated in 29
      patients, but no correlation was found with haemodynamic variables. The present
      data substantiate the concept that established portal hypertension in alcoholic
      liver disease is mainly accomplished by a derangement in hepatic architecture,
      whereas parenchymal changes, including hepatocyte size, are of less importance.

PMID- 4046756
TI  - Tru-cut and Menghini needles: different yield in the histological diagnosis of
      liver disease.
AB  - An evaluation of the information obtained by percutaneous liver biopsy performed
      with Travenol Tru-cut ("Tru-cut"), Menghini's 1.9 and 1.6 needles, was done using
      cadavers. All needles used had a similar, low number of "failures". Recognition
      of diffuse liver lesions, excluding fibrosis, was very high regardless of the
      needle used. Identification of cirrhosis was significantly more frequent in
      biopsies performed with the Tru-cut needle.

PMID- 4046757
TI  - Coordinators of forensic medical teams.

PMID- 4046758
TI  - Medicine, ethics, and execution by lethal injection.

PMID- 4046759
TI  - The role of the weapon in the homicide drama.

PMID- 4046760
TI  - Unforeseeable adverse drug reactions: who should pay?

PMID- 4046761
TI  - Theories of liability applied to overcome the unique "identification problem" in
      DES cases.

PMID- 4046762
TI  - Right to die developments in the United States.

PMID- 4046763
TI  - Patient access to psychiatric records: a psychodynamic perspective.

PMID- 4046764
TI  - Eyewitness recall, the Yerkes-Dodson law, and optimal-level theory.

PMID- 4046765
TI  - Misplacement of the elderly in chronic care institutions. Medical, legal and
      ethical aspects.

PMID- 4046766
TI  - Federal Supreme Court restricts psychiatric patients' right to inspect records.

PMID- 4046767
TI  - Ion selective electrodes--a new technology?

PMID- 4046768
TI  - The significance of marrow hypoplasia.

PMID- 4046769
TI  - An automated assay for serum ferritin.

PMID- 4046770
TI  - Stability of folic acid activity in serum.

PMID- 4046771
TI  - Sodium and potassium ion selective electrodes: a review of theory and
      calibration.

PMID- 4046772
TI  - Improved assessment of haemoglobin and red cell indices in blood samples with
      high white cell counts.

PMID- 4046773
TI  - Storage of bacteria at -76 degrees C.

PMID- 4046775
TI  - [Optimization of intracavity irradiation in the treatment of cancer of the corpus
      uteri using high-activity sources].
AB  - The paper is concerned with an analysis of the results of concomitant therapy of
      corpus uteri cancer, Stage I-II, in 70 patients with relation to the regimen of
      intracavitary irradation using high energy sources on the Agat-B afterloading
      unit. Therapeutic efficacy, the frequency and severity of radiation complications
      were evaluated depending on the regimen of contact irradiation. Short-term
      results of concomitant radiation therapy were improved when passing over from a
      scheme of intracavitary irradiation of 10 Gy a week to schemes of dynamic
      fractionation and twofold irradiation a week at a dose of 5 Gy. The authors
      emphasize the inappropriateness of the use of large focal doses of 10 Gy during
      contact irradiation with high energy sources because in these cases exceeding
      tolerance of normal tissues is observed, particularly in patients of advanced age
      with noticeable somatic pathology.

PMID- 4046774
TI  - [Dynamic fractionation of the radiation treatment of lung cancer with different
      rates of tumor growth].
AB  - The paper is concerned with the results of radiotherapy of inoperable lung cancer
      patients. The efficacy of dynamic and conventional fractionation regimens was
      evaluated in relation to the tumor growth rate and size. The tumor growth rate
      was shown to be of importance for a local radiation effect: the higher growth
      rate was, the more pronounced tumor lesion and resorption were. A close
      relationship between the regression intensity and patients' survival was shown.

PMID- 4046776
TI  - [Radiation therapy of malignant vaginal tumors].
AB  - A new method of combined radiation therapy for cancer of the vagina is presented:
      it includes contact (intracavitary and interstitial) gamma-therapy based on the
      principle of the manual and automated administration (sing the AGAT-B unit) of
      endostats and low and high activity radiation sources, and gamma-beam irradiation
      with irregular shaped fields. The problems of fractionation, a choice of required
      irradiation volumes as well as summary absorbed dose levels are discussed. An
      analysis of the clinical efficacy was based on long-term results. The 5-year
      survival rate in the general group of patients was 41.2%.

PMID- 4046777
TI  - [Pulmonoscintigraphy in sarcoidosis and certain forms of pulmonary tuberculosis].
AB  - Comprehensive investigations including clinical examination, x-ray and
      scintigraphy of the lungs were conducted in 163 patients with sarcoidosis, Stages
      I, II, III, disseminated tuberculosis and tuberculosis of the intrathoracic lymph
      nodes. The scintigraphic method is more sensitive to initial pulmonary changes in
      the process of treatment than the x-ray one. Earlier changes in the course of
      disease are recorded by pulmonary circulation changes (microcirculation) revealed
      at pulmonoscintigraphy.

PMID- 4046778
TI  - [International survey of the status of dosimetry for controlling quality
      assurance in radiotherapy (WHO)].
AB  - The results of an IAEA/WHO 14-year survey on the precision of irradiation at a
      preset dose (2 Gy) in radiotherapy departments in different countries have shown
      that nearly in 40% of cases deviations from a preset dose exceeded the tolerant
      rate (+/- 5%). A conclusion has been made of the necessity to develop a program
      of quality guarantee in radiotherapy at national and international levels.

PMID- 4046779
TI  - [Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the detection of pancreatic
      tumors].

PMID- 4046780
TI  - [Method for double contrast study of the large intestine].

PMID- 4046781
TI  - Evidential breath testing of drivers--day surgery and halothane anaesthesia.

PMID- 4046782
TI  - Violence and resources: factors determining admission to an interim secure unit.

PMID- 4046783
TI  - Fatal accidental falls among the elderly--the Metro Dade County experience, 1981
      83.

PMID- 4046784
TI  - Paradoxical undressing due to hypothermia in a child.

PMID- 4046785
TI  - Suicide by leaping from multistorey car parks.

PMID- 4046786
TI  - Deaths in the bath.

PMID- 4046787
TI  - The use of seclusion.

PMID- 4046788
TI  - Determination of time since death using the double exponential cooling model.

PMID- 4046789
TI  - The entomological investigation of a concealed corpse.

PMID- 4046790
TI  - [Systematic and comprehensive outfitting of ophthalmologic establishments in the
      light of dispensary service tasks].
AB  - In view of the forthcoming universal mass health screening, considerations are
      given to some problems of supplying ophthalmologic services at various levels
      with medical engineering devices on the systemic and integrated basis.

PMID- 4046792
TI  - [Medical Workers' Day].

PMID- 4046791
TI  - [Future trends in the development of endoscopic studies of digestive tract
      organs].
AB  - Presented in the paper are new promising endoscopic devices for examinations of
      the digestive tract organs. Special attention is paid to one of the important
      directions, the development of endoscopes for peroral examinations of hepatic
      passages, the intraoperation choledochoscopy. In order to improve the diagnostic
      capabilities of the small intestine endoscopy the development of a long
      controllable endoscope is advisable. A new trend in endoscopy, the endoscopic
      microscopy, is noted to be of great research importance. This trend calls for
      creation of not only new methodologic basis but of new types of endoscopes as
      well. They should be capable of detecting changes in both structural formations
      and cell structures.

PMID- 4046793
TI  - [R-wave selector recognizing signals by geometric characteristics].
AB  - Many up-to-date cardiologic units show poor information reliability when the
      subject moves. The noise immunity of the units can be considerably improved by
      means of the R-wave selector that discriminates signals by rate and duration of
      the pulse decay (RS-slope). Two versions of the circuitry for such units are
      possible, parallel and series. The noise immunity of both versions is similar,
      but the series one may be easier realized. The optimum threshold values for this
      selector are as follows: 12 ms in the rate and 14 ms in the duration.

PMID- 4046794
TI  - [Study of the efficacy of assisted circulation control by mathematical and
      physical modeling methods].
AB  - The efficiency of the assisted circulation control has been studied by
      mathematical and physical simulation. It has been assessed by simulating a
      transient process within the circulation system that imitated the left
      ventricular failure. The control system for regulation of the assisted
      circulation process based on the mathematical models is shown to be capable of
      maintaining the main hemodynamic parameters and the left ventricular relief at
      the present level in heart failure.

PMID- 4046795
TI  - [Computer conversion of primary medical information].

PMID- 4046796
TI  - [Validation of support frame parameters for aortic valve xenograft
      bioprostheses].
AB  - The techniques of determining the supporting structure dimensions are analyzed.
      The shortcomings of the available techniques based on the measurements of the
      aortic roots when they are under internal pressure are emphasized. Some errors
      inherent to techniques commonly used to determine the mobility of the base ring
      of the aortic valve are demonstrated. Our study as well as analysis of the
      published data make it possible to draw a conclusion that the ring of the
      supporting base can be round and rigid in the radial direction.

PMID- 4046798
TI  - [Authors' rights to production prototypes].

PMID- 4046797
TI  - [Digital x-ray television unit with solid-state memory].
AB  - A digital memory and a control unit are described that along with the pulse X-ray
      TV diagnostic system enable reduction of the exposure dose in the course of X-ray
      examinations. Diagnostic capabilities of the system are improved due to
      possibility to view up four images at various examination angles at the display
      and to scale every image.

PMID- 4046799
TI  - [Violence as seen by the psychiatrist].

PMID- 4046800
TI  - [Years gone by to no avail: the resort to violence in politics].

PMID- 4046801
TI  - [The violence of power].

PMID- 4046802
TI  - [The phenomenology of kidnapping].

PMID- 4046803
TI  - [Violence in the family].

PMID- 4046804
TI  - [Generational struggle: violence of the young and violence against the young].

PMID- 4046805
TI  - [The individual in a violent society].

PMID- 4046806
TI  - [Aggressive behavior among sports fans: cognitive and interactive aspects].

PMID- 4046807
TI  - [Psychology and politics. Attempt at a psychopathologic interpretation of
      terrorism].

PMID- 4046808
TI  - [Cognitive modeling and violence in soccer].

PMID- 4046809
TI  - [The elderly: various considerations on violence].

PMID- 4046811
TI  - [Ontologic aspects of change].

PMID- 4046810
TI  - [The press, violence and mental disorders].

PMID- 4046812
TI  - [The "cultivation" of depression in women. Reflections on certain epidemiologic
      data].

PMID- 4046813
TI  - [Motivational aspects in crimes of sexual violence].

PMID- 4046814
TI  - [Psychoreactivity in voluntary abortion].

PMID- 4046815
TI  - [Prevention of social disadaptation and substance dependence in the army].

PMID- 4046816
TI  - [Social change, family life and crises of the individual in the Chianti
      countryside].

PMID- 4046817
TI  - [Suicide attempts. Proposal for intervention to prevent recurrences from the
      standpoint of clinical diagnosis].

PMID- 4046818
TI  - [Considerations on suicide in substance dependence].

PMID- 4046819
TI  - STM capacity for Chinese words and idioms: chunking and acoustical loop
      hypotheses.

PMID- 4046820
TI  - STM capacity for Chinese and English language materials.

PMID- 4046821
TI  - Evidence of hierarchies in cognitive maps.

PMID- 4046822
TI  - Effects of the cognitive organization of route knowledge on judgments of
      macrospatial distance.

PMID- 4046823
TI  - Automatic and strategic effects in semantic priming: an examination of Becker's
      verification model.

PMID- 4046824
TI  - Learning a list for free recall: selective reminding versus the standard
      procedure.

PMID- 4046825
TI  - Relations among regular and irregular morphologically related words in the
      lexicon as revealed by repetition priming.

PMID- 4046826
TI  - Iconic store and partial report.

PMID- 4046828
TI  - Autobiographical memory and perceptual learning: a developmental study using
      picture recognition, naming latency, and perceptual identification.

PMID- 4046827
TI  - Deaf signers and serial recall in the visual modality: memory for signs,
      fingerspelling, and print.

PMID- 4046829
TI  - Accessing relevant information during problem solving: time constraints on search
      in the problem space.

PMID- 4046830
TI  - The closure of mental retardation institutions I: Trends in the United States.

PMID- 4046831
TI  - The next generation: the relation between funding and productivity in mental
      retardation research.

PMID- 4046832
TI  - Effects of pregnancy, postpartum lactation, and oral contraceptive use on the
      lipoprotein cholesterol/triglyceride ratio.
AB  - Lipoprotein cholesterol/triglyceride ratio changes have been observed previously
      with sex hormone use. To determine if the lipoprotein cholesterol/triglyceride
      ratio is similarly changed by pregnancy and postpartum lactation, we examined
      pregnant subjects at 36 weeks gestation and the same women at 6 weeks postpartum
      and compared them to age-matched, nonpregnant women using or not using oral
      contraceptives. The cholesterol/triglyceride ratios were examined as means and
      medians and as curvilinear functions of increasing triglyceride concentration.
      Median ratios did not predict all ratio changes identified graphically. At very
      low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride concentrations below 40 mg/dL, the
      VLDL ratio is less than control in oral contraceptive users and further reduced
      in pregnant women. Above triglyceride concentrations of 40-60 mg/dL, the curves
      in the three groups are indistinguishable. No effect of lactation is observed.
      The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol/triglyceride ratio is comparably
      lower in pregnant subjects and oral contraceptive users at all concentrations of
      lipoprotein triglyceride and again there is no effect of lactation. In high
      density lipoprotein (HDL), there is no effect of either pregnancy or oral
      contraceptive use on the cholesterol/triglyceride ratio, while it is
      significantly higher with lactation. Postpartum decreases in the VLDL and LDL
      cholesterol/triglyceride ratio are seen at all lipoprotein concentrations
      independent of lactation. We conclude that triglyceride enriches VLDL at low
      concentrations and LDL at all concentrations in pregnancy and with oral
      contraceptive use, suggesting a common, hormonal mechanism. HDL is enriched with
      cholesterol during postpartum lactation, consistent with decreased transfer of
      cholesterol to other lipoproteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4046833
TI  - Reduced triglyceride formation from long-chain polyenoic fatty acids in rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - The mechanism for the marked reduction in hepatic triglyceride secretion when
      rats are fed fish oils was explored in studies with isolated rat hepatocytes.
      Hepatocytes obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats fed either chow or fish oil or
      safflower oil were incubated in the presence of [3H]-glycerol to estimate
      triglyceride formation. In some experiments, various fatty acids, complexed to
      albumin, were added to the incubations. Similar experiments were carried out with
      hepatocytes from a genetic strain of hypertriglyceridemic, obese rats. In the
      absence of added fatty acid, hepatocytes from fish oil-fed rats produced and
      secreted substantially less triglyceride than cells from safflower oil-fed rats.
      However, the addition of 2 mmol/L Na oleate stimulated triglyceride formation
      similarly in both types of hepatocytes. When hepatocytes from chow fed rats were
      incubated with fatty acids of increasing chain length and unsaturation (oleate,
      linolenate, arachidonate, eicosapentaenoate, and docosahexaenoate), the latter
      two, which characterize the fish oil used, almost totally suppressed triglyceride
      formation. Coincubation with oleate partly reversed this effect. Hepatocytes from
      the hypertriglyceridemic rats synthesized significantly more triglyceride than
      hepatocytes from normal rats; however triglyceride formation was markedly reduced
      also in this strain of rat by feeding fish oil or by adding docosahexaenoate to
      hepatocytes in vitro. These studies confirm previous conclusions with perfused
      livers from fish oil-fed rats that showed diminished triglyceride production and
      secretion. These findings suggest that diversion of polyenoic acids from pathways
      of esterification is a major factor in the triglyceride lowering effect of fish
      oils.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4046834
TI  - Metabolism of L-ascorbic acid in the prostate of normal and scorbutic guinea
      pigs.
AB  - Guinea pig prostate was found to actively participate in the biosynthesis and
      catabolism of ascorbic acid. The key ascorbic acid biosynthetic enzyme L-gulono
      gamma-lactone oxidase and the other two lactonases were found to be present in
      guinea pig prostate. The activities of dehydroascorbatase and diketogulonate
      decarboxylase, the enzymes for ascorbic acid degradation, were also detected in
      guinea pig prostate. Male guinea pigs kept under scorbutic condition for 7, 14,
      21 and 28 days, were examined for prostatic metabolism of ascorbic acid. A
      significant but gradual decrease in the concentration of L-ascorbic acid was
      observed in prostate, total blood and leukocytes with the progression of
      scorbutic condition. There was an appreciable decrease in the rate of lipid
      peroxidation under the scorbutic condition. In the tissue fraction of scorbutic
      guinea pigs, the activities of biosynthesizing enzymes, measured in vitro, under
      optimum conditions were found to be higher with no significant alterations in the
      catabolizing enzymes. The implications of these findings are discussed in this
      paper.

PMID- 4046835
TI  - Evaluation of dopaminergic tone in hyperprolactinemia. III. Thyroid-stimulating
      hormone response to metoclopramide in differential diagnosis and postoperative
      follow-up of prolactinoma patients.
AB  - Recently, it has been shown that patients with a PRL-secreting pituitary adenoma
      have a greater thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) release after dopamine (DA)
      receptor blockade than normal subjects. We have compared the TSH and PRL
      responses to metoclopramide (MCP) in normal and postpartum lactating women with
      those in 28 patients with hyperprolactinemia of different origin. Patients with a
      PRL-secreting pituitary adenoma were also tested after transsphenoidal removal of
      the tumor in order to establish the prognostic value of this test in such
      patients. Following MCP administration, percent increases in plasma PRL levels
      were greater in normal female subjects than postpartum lactating women. Plasma
      TSH levels did not increase in postpartum women and had a modest increment in
      normal subjects. In patients with hypothalamic tumors and empty sella syndrome
      plasma PRL and TSH levels showed modest or no increases after MCP administration.
      In ten patients harboring a microprolactinoma, plasma TSH levels showed an
      exaggerated increment after DA-receptor blockade. Postoperatively, despite normal
      or borderline PRL levels in the immediate postoperative period, a TSH response to
      MCP was present (in five patients one to two weeks after the operation, and in
      five patients one to three years after the operation), suggesting an increased DA
      activity even in the absence of hyperprolactinemia. In conclusion, the TSH test
      can easily detect increased DA-activity in patients with a microprolactinoma both
      preoperatively and postoperatively. It is possible that some patients with
      increased DA-activity in presence of normal PRL levels and normal PRL
      responsiveness to stimulation will experience a recurrence of
      hyperprolactinemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4046836
TI  - Metformin improved insulin resistance in type I, insulin-dependent, diabetic
      patients.
AB  - The biguanides have been shown to reduce insulin requirements in type I (insulin
      dependent) diabetic patients with an increase in insulin binding to insulin
      receptors. The aim of this was to measure the effect of metformin (850 mg/twice
      daily) on insulin sensitivity. Ten type I diabetic patients of normal weight
      received metformin or placebo in addition to their insulin therapy for seven
      days. On the last day of metformin or placebo treatment, tissue sensitivity was
      measured by the euglycemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp procedure using the artificial
      pancreas. An 18% improvement in glucose uptake was observed after metformin
      therapy (P less than 0.01). Metformin was therefore effective in improving the
      insulin action in type I diabetic patients, although its use in such
      circumstances requires consideration of several other factors.

PMID- 4046837
TI  - Effects of a warm environment on energy balance in obese (ob/ob) mice.
AB  - Low rates of thermoregulatory heat production associated with low metabolic
      activity of brown adipose tissue, the primary site of thermoregulatory heat
      production, contribute substantially to the high efficiency of energy retention
      in obese (ob/ob) mice housed at 20 degrees C to 28 degrees C. To eliminate the
      need for thermoregulatory heat production lean and ob/ob mice were housed at 34.5
      degrees C. At this temperature ob/ob mice still retained energy with a greater
      efficiency than lean littermates. Next, we investigated the possibility that the
      high efficiency of energy retention in ob/ob mice housed at 34.5 degrees C was
      related to depressed dietary-induced thermogenesis associated with low metabolic
      activity of brown adipose tissue. The sympathetic nervous system is a primary
      regulator of brown adipose tissue metabolism. Therefore, rates of norepinephrine
      (NE) turnover in brown adipose tissue, as an indicator of sympathetic nervous
      system stimulation of the tissue, were measured. Lean and ob/ob mice housed at
      34.5 degrees C had equally low rates of NE turnover in their brown adipose
      tissue. Thus, the high efficiency of energy retention in ob/ob mice maintained at
      34.5 degrees C is caused by factors other than low sympathetic stimulation of
      brown adipose tissue.

PMID- 4046838
TI  - Degradation of circulating thyroglobulin.
AB  - Reported half lives of rat Tg were different according to various investigators.
      In order to elucidate whether the derivatives of rat Tg in the peripheral
      circulation affect the results of kinetic studies of Tg, the present study was
      performed to investigate kinetics of rat Tg after separation of 19S Tg from its
      derivatives using gel-filtration. Radiolabeled Tg was obtained from thyroids of
      rats injected with 125I 24 hours before death, and subsequently purified by
      ammonium sulfate precipitation. The plasma samples obtained at varying time
      intervals after intravenous injection of 125I-rat Tg were fractionated on a
      Sephacryl S-300 column. As determined by sucrose density gradient, 99% of in vivo
      radiolabeled Tg was 19S. On gel-filtration, the injected labeled Tg and plasma
      samples obtained within two hours after injection showed a single peak in an
      identical area. A second peak in an area corresponding to a molecular weight of
      60,000 to 70,000 appeared within six hours, and became as high as the first
      within 24 hours. In the second peak, 22.8 +/- 3.8% (mean +/- SE) of radioactivity
      was precipitated by anti-rat Tg antibody, and 14.4 +/- 1.7% (mean +/- SE) of
      radioactivity of its TCA precipitate was not extracted by n-butanol. Thus, the
      second peak could affect the results of Tg kinetic studies which utilize TCA
      precipitation, n-butanol extraction or RIA procedures. The half life of rat Tg in
      the present study was calculated from the disappearance curves of radioactivity
      of 19S Tg separated from other radioactive substances.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4046839
TI  - Effects of exercise and physical fitness on the pituitary-thyroid axis and on
      prolactin secretion in male runners.
AB  - The effects of acute exercise and thyrotropin-releasing hormone on the pituitary
      thyroid axis were examined in men placed into three well-defined categories of
      physical fitness. There were 20 sedentary men, 22 joggers (running four to 20
      miles per week) and 18 marathoners (running 30 to 100 miles per week) who
      participated. During treadmill exercise, the mean VO2 max differed among all
      groups, being 38.5, 45.0, and 60.3 mL/kg . min in the sedentary, jogger, and
      marathon groups, respectively. Serum was obtained before, immediately after, and
      one hour after exercise for measurement of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3),
      reverse T3, thyrotropin (TSH), and prolactin. Basal values of all hormones did
      not differ among the groups. Maximal short-term treadmill exercise produced no
      change in serum T4, T3, reverse T3, or TSH. Prolactin rose significantly by a
      similar amount in all three subject groups. On a separate day, ten individuals
      from each group received thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH; 500 micrograms IV).
      Neither the peak TSH response nor the total TSH secreted during two hours after
      TRH differed among groups. The mean total prolactin secretion in the joggers and
      marathoners was 48% and 45% greater, respectively, than in the sedentary men.
      Five subjects in each group also underwent a TRH test immediately postexercise.
      Similar to the results on the nonexercise day, the integrated TSH response to TRH
      was similar in all three groups, whereas the integrated PRL response to TRH was
      increased by 52% and 78% in the two conditioned groups. Post-TRH sera from one
      subject in each group were fractionated on a Sephadex G-100 column.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4046840
TI  - Evidence for a regional component of body fatness in the association with serum
      lipids in men and women.
AB  - Four hundred and seventy-two subjects (234 women and 238 men), 18 to 50 years of
      age, participated in percent body fat determination from underwater weighing,
      assessment of 6 subcutaneous skinfold thicknesses, and a 12-hour fast blood
      sampling for measurement of serum triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (CHOL), and HDL-C/CHOL ratio. Even though
      women were significantly fatter than men, they had lower TG, CHOL, and higher
      values of HDL-C/CHOL ratio. Correlational and variance analyses showed that body
      fatness seemed to be more closely associated with serum lipids in men than in
      women. Moreover, the relationship between each skinfold and serum lipids
      indicated that subscapular and abdominal fat depots are more closely associated
      with serum lipids than other fat depots in men. In women, correlations were lower
      and regional differences attenuated. Furthermore, the regional trend observed in
      men remained significant after correction for concomitant variables such as age,
      cigarette smoking, habitual energy intake and energy expenditure, maximal aerobic
      power, and alcohol consumption. However, no effect of increasing body fatness was
      noted on HDL-C levels in women. Results of this study suggest that measurement of
      subscapular and abdominal fat should be considered when interpreting the blood
      lipid profile, particularly in males. A higher percentage of fat must be present
      in women than in men to observe alterations in serum lipids.

PMID- 4046841
TI  - Effect of clofibrate and colestipol singly and in combination on plasma lipids
      and lipoproteins in type III hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - The effects of colestipol, clofibrate, and a combination of these two drugs on
      plasma lipid and lipoprotein values were evaluated in seven subjects with type
      III hyperlipoproteinemia. When compared to baseline, colestipol administration
      resulted in a significant decrease in LDL-cholesterol (146 v 99, P less than
      0.01) and a significant increase in VLDL-triglycerides (260 v 399, P less than
      0.05). The increases in total triglycerides (346 v 462, P = 0.09) and VLDL-C (117
      v 155, P = 0.17) noted with colestipol were not statistically significant.
      Clofibrate administration increased HDL-C (37 v 46, P less than 0.05), and
      lowered VLDL-C (117 v 56, P less than 0.05), VLDL-triglycerides (260 v 144, P
      less than 0.05) and total triglycerides (346 v 218, P less than 0.01). The
      combined regimen was more effective than clofibrate in lowering total and LDL
      cholesterol, and no other significant differences were noted.

PMID- 4046842
TI  - Albumin microspheres: heat and chemical stabilization.

PMID- 4046843
TI  - Drug and enzyme targeting. Part A.

PMID- 4046844
TI  - Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microcapsules for controlled release of steroids.

PMID- 4046847
TI  - Poly(vinylpyridine) microspheres.

PMID- 4046846
TI  - Polyacrolein microspheres: preparation and characteristics.

PMID- 4046845
TI  - Poly(alkyl acrylate) nanoparticles.

PMID- 4046848
TI  - Hydrophilic albumin microspheres.
AB  - A method has been developed for preparing unique hydrophilic HSA/MS. Important
      aspects of this synthesis include addition of the cross-linking agent
      (glutaraldehyde) in the organic phase and use of concentrated polymer solutions
      as dispersion media. The polymer solutions afford excellent steric stabilization
      of aqueous albumin microdispersions for microsphere synthesis. Steric
      stabilization of dispersions by polymer solutions was shown to be a function of
      polymer concentration and molecular weight. The HSA/MS prepared by this method
      are hydrophilic and easily dispersed in a variety of aqueous media without
      surfactants. Chemical modifications are easily accomplished using available
      reactive aldehyde groups remaining after cross-linking. Although hydrophilicity
      of the microspheres is advantageous for many drug delivery applications, in some
      instances (such as the use of MS in adjuvant immunotherapy or vaccine
      preparations) some hydrophobicity may be desirable. For this purpose, surface
      modifications to produce controlled hydrophobicity is easily achieved by covalent
      coupling with appropriate reagents (e.g., fatty amines). Adriamycin was bound to
      HSA/MS by both physical association (to 18 wt%) and covalent binding (also to 18
      wt%). In vitro release of drug was measured for the MS using a dynamic flow
      method. Two distinct release mechanisms could be achieved depending on the type
      of drug bonding used: slow by hydrolytic degradation of covalent bonds and fast
      by release of physically adsorbed drug. This new and versatile synthesis of
      hydrophilic HSA/MS opens up many new opportunities for producing chemically
      modified MS containing high concentrations of therapeutic agents. Use for
      immunodiagnostic and adjuvant compositions is also suggested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4046849
TI  - Artificial cells containing multienzyme systems.

PMID- 4046850
TI  - Lectins as carriers: preparation and purification of a concanavalin A-trypsin
      conjugate.

PMID- 4046851
TI  - Hormone-drug conjugates.

PMID- 4046853
TI  - Prodrug lability prediction through the use of substituent effects.

PMID- 4046852
TI  - Theory and practice of prodrug kinetics.

PMID- 4046854
TI  - Alteration of drug metabolism by the use of prodrugs.

PMID- 4046855
TI  - Formation of prodrugs of amines, amides, ureides, and imides.

PMID- 4046856
TI  - Targeting of drugs to the brain.

PMID- 4046857
TI  - Controlled release and magnetically modulated release systems for macromolecules.

PMID- 4046858
TI  - Technetium-99m labeling of albumin microspheres intended for drug targeting.

PMID- 4046859
TI  - Poly(lactic/glycolic acid) biodegradable drug-polymer matrix systems.

PMID- 4046860
TI  - Enzymatically controlled drug release systems.

PMID- 4046861
TI  - Membrane systems: theoretical aspects.

PMID- 4046863
TI  - Implantable infusion pumps: practical aspects.

PMID- 4046862
TI  - Membrane systems: practical applications.

PMID- 4046864
TI  - Biophysical drug targeting: magnetically responsive albumin microspheres.

PMID- 4046865
TI  - Attachment of monoclonal antibodies to microspheres.

PMID- 4046866
TI  - Nylon-encapsulated pharmaceuticals.

PMID- 4046867
TI  - Microvessel diameter changes during hemorrhagic shock in unanesthetized hamsters.
AB  - The effects of hypovolemic shock on the time-dependent diameter changes of small
      arteries and arterioles were studied in the hamster skin fold window preparation.
      This experimental model permits the visualization of the microvasculature without
      the effects of acute surgery, anesthesia, and exposure. In these conditions, all
      the arterial microvessels showed vasomotion, while the venules and small veins,
      that were also studied, did not show rhythmic diameter changes. Hemorrhage was
      induced by the withdrawal of blood through a chronically implanted arterial
      catheter. The mean arterial blood pressure was reduced to 40 mm Hg in 20 min, and
      was maintained at this value for an additional 30-min period. Reinfusion of the
      withdrawn blood was made at 50 min. During the shock period, vasomotion
      disappeared in all arterial vessels. The small arteries and arterioles, A1 (70
      100 micron, mean diameter), A2 (40-70 micron, md), and A3 (15-40 micron, md),
      contracted by 20 +/- 7, 33 +/- 10, and 34 +/- 11% of the control mean diameter,
      respectively. A4 terminal arterioles (less than 15 micron, md) dilated after the
      onset of bleeding; their rhythmic diameter changes subsequently stopped and their
      mean diameter increased by 75 +/- 7% of the original value. V1 small veins (150
      200 micron, md) contracted during shock, while V2 (35-55 micron, md), V3 (25-35
      micron, md), and V4 (15-25 micron, md) venous vessels did not show any
      significant change. Reinfusion of shed blood caused the reappearance of
      vasomotion; control vasomotion patterns recovered after reinfusion. Our results
      indicate that the microcirculatory responses to hypovolemic shock are dependent
      on the vessel type; this inhomogeneous reactivity may be due to the different
      responsiveness of microvessels to the mechanisms elicited by hemorrhage.

PMID- 4046868
TI  - Lung vascular transport at controlled pressures with reduced coronary flow in
      sheep.
AB  - This study was performed to measure the effects of sustained coronary flow
      reduction on lung lymph flow and protein clearance at normal and elevated lung
      microvascular pressures. Eleven halothane-anesthetized sheep were provided with
      lung lymph and carotid-to-left-anterior-descending coronary artery cannulas. Six
      sheep (ischemic group) were observed in a protocol of five periods, each of 2 hr
      duration: baseline, left atrial pressure (PLA) increased by mitral valve
      obstruction, return to baseline, reduced coronary flow, and reduced coronary flow
      plus increased PLA. Five sheep (control group) were studied in an identical
      protocol except that coronary flow was not reduced. PLAS were equal in the second
      and fifth periods. Lung lymph flow QL and protein clearance (QL times the lymph
      to-plasma protein concentration ratio) normalized to second baseline were greater
      during ischemia than in the comparable control period, and clearance was also
      greater during the second increased-pressure period. We conclude that reduced
      coronary flow is related to sustained, significant increases in lung vascular
      transport at elevated as well as at normal vascular pressures.

PMID- 4046869
TI  - A model of microvascular oxygen transport in sickle cell disease.
AB  - The model of local control of oxygen delivery in the microvasculature developed
      by H. J. Granger and A. P. Shepherd (1973, Microvasc. Res. 5, 49-72) was extended
      to describe microcirculatory blood flow in sickle cell disease. Two major
      characteristics of sickle cell blood were incorporated into the model: an
      abnormal blood viscosity which is dependent on the degree of hemoglobin oxygen
      saturation and hematocrit, and a reduced affinity of hemoglobin (Hb) for oxygen.
      Sickle cell blood viscosity as a function of oxygen saturation and hematocrit was
      modeled empirically based upon existing data. Alterations in HbO2 affinity were
      studied in the model by introducing P50 as an independent variable. The altered
      oxygen supply/demand relationship in sickle cell disease was simulated following
      an increase in tissue metabolic demand and a decrease in arteriolar blood flow.
      The results were analyzed to evaluate the roles of the various rheological
      characteristics of sickle cell blood in affecting microcirculatory dynamics and
      tissue oxygen delivery. It was demonstrated that, within the hematocrit range of
      20 to 45%, the elevation of P50 from 27 to 38 mm Hg in sickle cell blood is
      adequate to compensate for the diminished O2 content, despite an elevated blood
      viscosity, and maintain near normal tissue pO2.

PMID- 4046870
TI  - Comparison of crosspoint and least-squares regression methods in computation of
      membrane protein flux parameters from lymph flux analysis.
AB  - To compute two parameters of capillary protein transport of reflection
      coefficient (sigma) and permeability--surface area product (PS), two major
      methods have been employed. The first, or crosspoint method, uses two sets of
      lymph flow (Jv) and lymph/plasma protein concentration ratios (R) and solves the
      irreversible thermodynamic relationship between sigma and PS by simultaneous
      solution. The second, or least squares method, analyzes the total R versus Jv
      curve by finding a best fit of all points to the irreversible thermodynamic
      relationship of R versus Jv. Three theoretical membranes were analyzed with both
      methods by imposing random errors of 10 or 20% in R and Jv. It was found that
      such errors, especially in R, were associated with substantial decreases in the
      percent of successful computations by the crosspoint method. In tight membranes
      (sigma = 0.9) both methods gave comparable values. For intermediate (sigma = 0.5)
      and loose membranes (sigma = 0.2) the least-squares method was less specific than
      the crosspoint method, since up to 9% of random values of R and Jv would be
      included within the 95% limits for the method. Moreover, attributing homogeneous
      variance to input data and sampling Jv at geometric intervals exaggerated the
      variability of the least-squares method output parameters over those obtained by
      the crosspoint method. Because of nonspecificity, and the fact that the least
      squares method does not allow for the possibility that sigma and PS are direct
      functions of hydrostatic capillary pressure or Jv, the crosspoint method appears
      superior to the least-squares method for computation of sigma and PS from R and
      Jv.

PMID- 4046871
TI  - A density method to quantify pulmonary microvascular hematocrit.
AB  - We perfused the left lower lobe of a dog with autologous blood having a
      hematocrit Ha. When the vascular pressure perfusing the lobe was elevated, we
      observed a transient increase in the density of venous blood. Converting the
      density increase to a rise in hematocrit, we could calculate a volume (Vr) of red
      blood cells (RBC) over their normal outflow that was released by the lobe as a
      result of the elevation. We measured the weight gain of the lobe to determine the
      increase in pulmonary vascular volume, V' - V. We found that the ratio, Vr/Ha/(V'
      - V), is 0.11 +/- 0.02. To determine the implication of this ratio, we divided
      the lobular vasculature into an arterial, microvascular, and venous compartment.
      Due to the Fahraeus effect, the tube hematocrit in the microvascular compartment
      (Hc) is lower than that of two macrovascular compartments, Ha. An analysis on the
      balance of RBC and plasma flows through the lobe identified the volume Vr as (Vc'
      - Vc) (Ha - Hc) with Vc' - Vc being the volumetric increase of the lobular
      microvascular compartment. Based on the reported volumetric fractional change of
      microvascular compartment, we estimated that the microvascular (tube) hematocrit
      in pulmonary capillaries is 80% (ranging from 78 to 82%) of the hematocrit
      perfusing the lobe. Since the additional RBC volume (Vr) being released from the
      lobe cannot be accounted for by transcapillary filtration or capillary
      recruitment, we conclude from this analysis that the measurement of the transient
      density change in pulmonary outflow can be used to quantify the microvascular
      hematocrit of the lung.

PMID- 4046872
TI  - A simple method for determining the homoporous solute-membrane permeability from
      plasma-to-lymph measurements.
AB  - The exact equation for ultrafiltration of a neutral solute across a homoporous
      membrane contains only two adjustable parameters, the reflection coefficient
      (sigma s) and the permeability coefficient (Ps)-surface area (S) product, Ps X S.
      Specifying sigma s and Ps X S therefore defines completely the dependence of the
      protein ratio (R) on the volume flow (Jv) for a homoporous membrane. The
      reflection coefficient is determined from the high Jv limit of R: lim Jv---
      infinity [R] = (1 - sigma s). The purpose of this paper is to present a simple
      procedure for estimating Ps X S from the slope of R as Jv approaches zero: lim Jv
      ---0 [dR/dJv] = -sigma s/(Ps X S). Both relations are exact limits of the
      nonlinear neutral solute/homoporous membrane transport equation and thus provide
      a simple, yet rigorous, method for estimating sigma s and Ps X S.

PMID- 4046873
TI  - Limits of membrane structural change which produce enhanced permeability and
      reduced hydraulic conductivity.

PMID- 4046874
TI  - Solvent drag component of unidirectional albumin out-flux.

PMID- 4046875
TI  - Differential spectrophotometry for the determination of oxygen saturation and
      hematocrit in microvessels.

PMID- 4046877
TI  - The anesthetic technician's essential services--a training guide.
AB  - The development of sophisticated medical services in the Middle East has resulted
      in the need for training programmes for staff in all disciplines of health care.
      Operating Department Assistants (ODAs/Anesthetic Technicians) are essential
      operating theatre personnel, forming an integral part of the operating theatre
      team. This paper is designed as a teaching guide for Anesthetic Technicians in
      training. It lists in point form the essential services that should be provided
      in each of the seven identifiably different work periods in the Anesthetic
      Technician's working day.

PMID- 4046876
TI  - The attitude of Saudi patients to post-operative pain relief.

PMID- 4046878
TI  - Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation--two years experience in a new teaching center.
AB  - Cardiac arrest calls at a new tertiary referral hospital are reviewed over a two
      year period. The formation of a committee responsible for conducting and
      supervising the resuscitation team is outlined. There were 146 calls for 120
      patients, 49 patients (40.8%) were initially resuscitated and 8 (6.66%) of these
      were discharged home. Age did not appear to influence the prognosis. Coronary
      heart disease was the commonest pathology (40%) of ventricular fibrillation and
      tachycardia were the leading causes of cardiac arrest.

PMID- 4046879
TI  - The choice of anesthesia as a career by undergraduates in a Saudi university.
AB  - In order to find out the career preferences of Saudi medical undergraduates as
      they relate to anesthesiology, questionnaires were distributed and received from
      40 pre-clinical students and 26 clinical students immediately after their two
      week anesthesia posting. Almost half of the preclinical students made their final
      choice. None of the students in this group made anesthesiology a first choice,
      though about 67.5% had heard about anesthesia. Among the students in the clinical
      group, medicine, surgery and general practice were the most common choices. Only
      one indicated anesthesiology a first choice. Most of the clinical students
      indicated that their I.C.U. rotation was the most enjoyable part of their
      anesthesia posting. The student's suggestions for improvement in their posting
      included a longer period than the present 2 weeks and more opportunity to acquire
      the required clinical skills. The authors advise a positive drive to Saudi
      medical undergraduates to take up the specialty of anesthesiology as a career in
      order to correct the present shortage.

PMID- 4046880
TI  - Obstetric epidural service in Saudi Arabia--initial experiences.

PMID- 4046881
TI  - Antacid regimen in reducing gastric fluid acidity--comparison of conventional
      oral antacids with cimetidine.
AB  - 281 patients, divided into two groups, were given single 30 ml dose of five
      different conventional oral antacids (sodium citrate, 0.3 M Maalox, Gelusil,
      Alludrox and Mucaine), separately and in combination with Cimetidine to study
      their effect on decreasing the acidity of stomach contents. In 181 patients
      receiving varying types of conventional oral antacids, 2-10 percent of the
      patients had pH less than 3, regardless of the antacid received. In 100 patients
      of Cimetidine plus antacid group, none of the patients had pH less than 4.83,
      maximum being 8.2. With thick particulate oral antacids, no-mix between gastric
      juice and antacid was noticed in approximately 5-10 percent of cases. Cimetidine
      combined with oral antacid was the safest regimen to reduce the gastric fluid
      acidity.

PMID- 4046882
TI  - Helping impaired physicians the goal of MSMS program.

PMID- 4046883
TI  - Programs to aid troubled MDs vary across the country.

PMID- 4046884
TI  - Legal counsel suggests bylaw wording to protect impaired physician review
      process.

PMID- 4046885
TI  - Coping with stress--a medical student's perspective.

PMID- 4046886
TI  - The extent of impairment at one Michigan medical school.

PMID- 4046887
TI  - An open letter to 'professors' who testify in liability suits.

PMID- 4046888
TI  - Chorionic villus sampling detects more than 100 fetal abnormalities.

PMID- 4046889
TI  - Actinomyces viscosus cell-free synthesis of extracellular slime polysaccharide.
AB  - A cell-free extract of Actinomyces viscosus T14Av catalyzed the synthesis of
      extracellular N-acetylglucosamine-rich slime polysaccharide. The activity was
      localized in the cytoplasmic membrane fraction and required the presence of ADP
      glucose and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. Maximal activity was demonstrated at pH 7.5
      and also required the presence of divalent cations such as Mg2+ or Mn2+.
      Extracellular slime appeared to serve as a primer for slime biosynthesis. The
      antibiotic tunicamycin acted as an inhibitor of slime formation. However, another
      glucosamine analogue, amphomycin, as well as the antibiotic bacitracin produced
      moderate stimulatory effects on slime biosynthesis.

PMID- 4046890
TI  - Enhancement of dengue virus infection in cultured mouse macrophages by lipophilic
      derivatives of muramyl peptides.
AB  - Dengue virus multiplication in cultures of a murine myelomonocytic cell line
      (WEHI-3) as well as mouse peritoneal macrophages was enhanced by treatment of the
      cells with lipophilic derivatives of muramyl peptides for 2 or 3 days before
      virus inoculation, but not for 2 hr before virus inoculation or during the
      adsorption period. The infection-enhancing activity of the materials was
      dependent on their chemical structure, correlating with their
      immunoadjuvanticity. The infection enhancement in WEHI-3 cells was due primarily
      to an increase in the number of virus-infected cells which was accompanied by an
      increased cellular capacity to bind latex particles to their cell surfaces.

PMID- 4046891
TI  - Separation of two cytotoxins of Clostridium sordellii strains.

PMID- 4046892
TI  - A rapid and simple method for the purification of staphylococcal protein A from
      the culture of extracellularly protein A-releasing mutant.

PMID- 4046893
TI  - Surface of the cell packets induced from a Micrococcus lysodeikticus (luteus)
      mutant.

PMID- 4046894
TI  - [Mutagenic action of acenaphthene on haploid and diploid cultures of Candida
      scottii].
AB  - Acenaphthene used as vapour increases the frequency of morphological mutations as
      well as mutations yielding strains with a reduced activity of respiration in
      Candida scottii. The diploid culture has more mutants than the haploid culture.
      The frequency of mutants depends on the duration of acenaphthene action. Cells
      more resistant to the action of acenaphthene vapour are selected in the haploid
      culture when C. scottii cells are transferred many times into new wort drops. As
      a result, the frequency of mutations decreases. When the diploid culture is
      exposed to the action of acenaphthene vapour for a longer time, the frequency of
      mutations rises. Apparently, the diploid culture has a lower activity of
      reparation of premutational damages than the haploid culture and therefore the
      number of mutant cells increases.

PMID- 4046895
TI  - Design considerations for the brain-machine interface.
AB  - Implantation of prosthetic devices designed to complement the function of the
      human brain is a rare but well recognized innovative treatment for some patients.
      If this technique is to become clinically useful special attention will have to
      be paid to the bio-engineering requirements of the prosthesis-brain interface.

PMID- 4046896
TI  - A threshold model for punctuated gradualism.
AB  - A model for continuous and discontinuous evolutionary change is proposed that
      accommodates both punctuated equilibrium and phyletic gradualism. Natural
      selection operating on a gaussian distribution of phenotypes subjected to severe
      stress will result in a skewing of the normal distribution in the direction of
      the favoured phenotype. If a reproductive isolation threshold is imposed upon
      this model, rapid crossing of the threshold by large numbers of individuals
      within the skewed distribution will result in the sudden achievement of a
      critical descendant population mass. Mild directional selection however, will
      result in gentle shifts of the gaussian mean thus leading us to suggest that
      stasis and incipient speciatior are extremes of the same spectrum, defined by the
      rates of mean-shift in response to varying severities of selection pressure. Both
      punctuated and gradualistic evolution as accommodated in our model may further be
      described within Thom's cusp catastrophe theory.

PMID- 4046897
TI  - The anatomy and chemistry of hallucinations and a rational surgical approach to
      the treatment of some schizophrenic syndromes.
AB  - The hallucinations of schizophrenia and delirium tremens are suggested to be
      caused by the intrusion of the chemistry of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep into
      the wake period. Hippocampal and temporal lobe sites seem to contain the
      substrate for hallucinations. Elimination of the sympathetic nerve supply to the
      pineal gland could be curative in some schizophrenic syndromes.

PMID- 4046898
TI  - Childhood overnutrition predisposes to the later development of breast cancer: an
      hypothesis.

PMID- 4046899
TI  - Interpersonal distance: a factor in infectious disease morbidity and mortality?
AB  - We hypothesized a greater incidence of diseases transmitted by airborne vectors
      in countries where people interact at shorter distances from each other compared
      to countries where people interact at greater distances. Therefore, we examined
      the relationship between the interpersonal distance of pairs of people from
      different countries and the incidence of infectious disease in those countries.
      Morbidity and mortality data for 1981 were obtained from WHO reports, while
      interpersonal distance estimates were taken from Watson's study of proxemic
      behavior. Respiratory tuberculosis morbidity was negatively correlated with
      interpersonal distance (r = -.51, p = .037), while respiratory tuberculosis
      mortality was not (r = -.42, p = .051). Mortality from non-respiratory
      tuberculosis was negatively related to interpersonal distance (r = -.60, p =
      .007). To verify these correlations, we repeated the analyses using incidence
      data from 1977. Neither of the correlations remained significant, although for
      respiratory tuberculosis morbidity r = -.44 (p = .059). Our inability to
      replicate the original findings suggests the significant results for 1981 may
      have been spurious.

PMID- 4046900
TI  - Nicotine and cigarette smoking: an alternative hypothesis.
AB  - A new hypothesis is presented to explain some aspects of human smoking behaviour.
      While acknowledging the importance of the nicotine self-titration phenomenon,
      changes in puffing intensity during the smoking of a single cigarette are related
      not to the control of nicotine uptake but to the modification of cigarette smoke
      composition prior to inhalation. It is suggested that nicotine, in addition to
      its central effects, has the local action of reducing the acute airway response
      to irritant components of cigarette smoke. The new hypothesis explains some of
      the 'anomalous' results of smoking behaviour research, and has implications both
      for cigarette design and for the recommendations made to smokers by statutory
      health agencies.

PMID- 4046901
TI  - The placenta as a substitute for cancerous models.
AB  - The tissue distribution of various radiopharmaceuticals was investigated in
      Rhabdomyosarcoma-bearing rats and in pregnant rats during the period of rapid
      foetal and placental growth (days 17-19 of pregnancy). The results indicate that
      with the radiopharmaceuticals tested the uptake in placental tissue followed
      closely the data obtained with tumour tissue in Rhabdomyosarcoma-bearing rats
      (1). We describe here the parallels between cell replication in the placenta and
      in malignant tumours and propose that the placenta merits more attention in the
      field of biomedical research.

PMID- 4046902
TI  - Catecholamine metabolism in the attention deficit disorder: implications for the
      use of amino acid precursor therapy.
AB  - The use of catecholamine precursors and agonists in the attention deficit
      disorder and various biochemical studies have implicated deficient catecholamine
      metabolism in the pathogenesis of this illness. The amino acid L-tyrosine, a
      catecholamine precursor, is capable of augmenting central dopamine
      norepinephrine. Study of its use in the treatment of the attention deficit
      disorder as a safer alternative to stimulant therapy is thus warranted.

PMID- 4046903
TI  - Anaphylaxis as a physiological mechanism of masking of embryonic antigens.
AB  - It is known that anaphylactic mediators induce blood-coagulation, which results
      in thrombus-formation in the place of the anaphylactic reaction. This thrombus is
      likely to mask the antigen which induced the anaphylaxis, thus protecting it from
      further immune effect. The fact that only higher mammals have IgE-antibodies,
      exclusively high content of mast cells in the uterus, degranulation of placental
      mast cells near the embryonic tissue, presence of "fibrinoid" on the mother
      embryo frontier and other known facts enable us to suppose that anaphylaxis is a
      physiological mechanism which protects the embryo from damage by the maternal
      immune system.

PMID- 4046904
TI  - Secondary changes in diabetes mellitus with particular reference to retinopathy
      and neuropathy.
AB  - It has previously been suggested (1) that respiratory modulation of the action of
      insulin on glucose metabolism may contribute to macrosomia in neonates from
      diabetic mothers. It was proposed that this was due to a relative hypoxaemia
      which resulted in an increase in glucose metabolised through the hexose
      monophosphate shunt pathway in fetal adipocytes. This could be understood on the
      basis of the Crabtree-Pasteur Effects. It is now suggested that a similar
      mechanism may lead, in certain tissues, to an increase in the metabolism of
      glucose through polyol pathways and that this may play a role in the development
      of diabetic sequelae.

PMID- 4046905
TI  - RISH V. Application to monoclonal antibody production.
AB  - RISH considers that cell surface components involved in like cell identification
      are not involved in the structure of the plasma membrane per se and are attached
      to a part of their mRNA. The mRNA then acts as a template for the synthesis of
      DNA. Thus the component at the cell surface is attached to an RNA/DNA receptor.
      If there is a conformational change in the component (antigen) this will cause a
      distortion in its RNA/DNA receptor. This distortion is then detected by a tissue
      specific T lymphocyte which removes all or part of the RNA/DNA receptor from the
      aberrant cell and the lymphocyte then undergoes replication. During this process
      receptor RNA/DNA is incorporated into the daughter lymphocyte which becomes a B
      lymphocyte/plasma cell producing immunoglobulin. The initial tissue specific T
      lymphocyte becomes a dual functional helper/suppressor cell. The plasma cell
      after the initial immune response becomes a circulating memory B cell displaying
      IgM or IgD. If this cell complexes an antigen with its surface IgM or IgD a
      humoral immune response will be developed as previously described, but in this
      case the antibodies produced will be anti-idiotypic antibodies. The anti
      idiotypic antibodies will regulate the production of the antibody directed
      against the antigen per se. The anti-idiotypic antibodies will in turn be
      regulated by a second anti-idiotypic antibody. In RISH five such anti-idiotypic
      systems may be involved in regulating the immune response to the initial non
      immunoglobulin antigen. Based on the RISH anti-idiotypic mechanism a system is
      briefly described whereby human memory B cells, to a particular antigen, may be
      isolated. These B cells may then be activated to secrete immunoglobulin with
      autologous isolated anti-idiotypic antibodies. These activated cells may then be
      infected with E.B. virus to establish an immortal cell line of B cells secreting
      the immunoglobulin of interest.

PMID- 4046906
TI  - The pathogenesis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: significance of experimental
      observations.
AB  - The pathogenesis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) remains elusive, but as
      this is an inherited condition the primary manifestation of the disease is
      assumed to be in the regulatory control or biosynthesis of a protein. Current
      hypotheses attribute the pathological state of skeletal muscle in DMD to a defect
      in the nerve supply, or in the vasculature, or in the muscle itself. However,
      various tissues other than skeletal muscle are also affected; thus the current
      view of DMD requires reevaluation. The following possibilities should be
      considered: That the primary lesion is expressed in one of the major
      communication systems (nervous, vascular, or endocrine). That the primary lesion
      is expressed in a specific tissue: a) if in skeletal muscle, alterations in non
      muscular tissues must be due to the release of muscle constituents into
      extracellular fluid; b) if in a non-muscular tissue, this might produce too much
      (or too little or none) of a constituent normally secreted into the extracellular
      fluid, or produce a "toxic" agent. That the primary lesion is expressed in a wide
      variety of tissues: the effect on a particular tissue will depend entirely upon
      the degree of requirement of the altered protein for function.

PMID- 4046907
TI  - Stress, adrenals, and vitamin C.
AB  - Large daily doses of vitamin C maintained high levels of corticosteroids in the
      blood of stressed mice. Of these corticosteroids, glucocorticoid is known to
      suppress the immune response. It is hypothesized that large doses of vitamin C
      may reduce the organism's immunity to disease when stress is present.

PMID- 4046908
TI  - Constipation: a cause of enuresis, urinary tract infection and vesico-ureteral
      reflux in children.
AB  - The observation that constipation alone may induce uninhibited bladder
      contractions in children and is associated with recurrent urinary tract infection
      in childhood suggests an etiologic association. Rectal distension due to faecal
      retention in chronic functional constipation causes bladder distortion and may
      cause stimulation of detrusor stretch receptors resulting in detrusor peroneal
      dyssynergism. Distortion of the trigonal area may result in failure of ureteral
      valve competence and allow for vesico-ureteric reflux.

PMID- 4046909
TI  - Myotonic dystrophy.
AB  - Myotonic dystrophy (MYD) has been localized to chromosome 19. Like other
      hereditary diseases with a genetic locus assigned to chromosome 19, MYD is a
      genetically inherited autosomal dominant disease. It is speculated that such a
      genetic pattern may express the characteristics of chromosome 19. We previously
      proposed that abnormalities of bile acid metabolism play a pathogenetic role in
      MYD, in which deoxycholic acid acts as a maternal factor in association with the
      onset of congenital MYD. Increased gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (gamma GTP)
      (probably hydrophobic deoxycholate-solubilized gamma GTP instead of hydrophilic
      papain-solubilized gamma GTP) in MYD may be related to the abnormalities of bile
      acid metabolism. Muscle wasting in MYD may be explained by these abnormalities as
      well. The resemblances between common metabolism of bile acids and alcohol and
      between common changes in MYD and alcoholic myopathy may lend support to a
      hypothesis that 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 26-tetrol
      dehydrogenase and 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-al
      dehydrogenase activities are impaired in MYD.

PMID- 4046910
TI  - Australian pharmaceutical advertising: a critique.

PMID- 4046911
TI  - Australian pharmaceutical advertising: the industry's view.

PMID- 4046912
TI  - The Baker Medical Research Institute.

PMID- 4046913
TI  - Legislating AIDS away.

PMID- 4046914
TI  - Sticks and stones.

PMID- 4046916
TI  - Mystery of red cell aggregation under zero gravity. Experiment on STS 51-C.

PMID- 4046917
TI  - The Health Insurance Act and the privilege against self-incrimination.

PMID- 4046915
TI  - Investigation and treatment of renal calculi.
AB  - We have investigated and treated 176 patients who were suffering from renal
      calculi. The stones contained calcium in 87% of patients, predominantly urate in
      11%, and rarely contained magnesium ammonium phosphate or cystine. Of the
      patients with calcium stones, hypercalciuria was present in 75% and was
      identified in 57% by the measurement of the 24-hour urinary calcium excretion,
      and in a further 18% by a standardization calcium "fast-and-load" test. Nine
      patients were found to have primary hyperparathyroidism and were treated
      surgically. A further 21% were suspected to have normocalcaemic
      hyperparathyroidism, and metabolic studies are being developed to clarify this.
      The treatment of hypercalciuria included a low-calcium diet, and various
      combinations of a thiazide diuretic, phosphate supplements and sodium cellulose
      phosphate. Hypercalciuria was controlled in all compliant patients, and only two
      developed further stones. Hyperuricosuria was rarely the sole metabolic
      abnormality in patients with calcium stones, though this might reflect the
      referral pattern of the Unit. Uric acid stones were frequently, but not
      invariably, associated with hyperuricosuria and acid urine, and even large uric
      acid calculi dissolved with a combined therapy of high fluid intake, allopurinol
      and an alkalinizing agent. Surgical treatment was rarely required in these
      patients. A stone in the renal pelvis of one patient was removed percutaneously
      and did not require ultrasonic fragmentation. Modern methods of investigation and
      treatment have greatly improved the outlook for patients with recurrent renal
      calculi.

PMID- 4046918
TI  - Bilateral fatigue fractures of the distal fibulae caused by a change of running
      shoes.
AB  - A 26-year-old man sustained bilateral, symmetrical fatigue fractures of his
      distal fibulae while running in a 14-km road race. He had trained repeatedly over
      the course without developing any symptoms, but on the day of the race he lost
      one of his regular running shoes. He competed instead in old, borrowed tennis
      shoes. After running over a distance of 2 km, he felt pain about 4 cm above the
      distal end of both fibulae. Two weeks later, radiographs showed bilateral
      fractures. The change of footwear was the only identifiable factor in the
      causation of these fractures. Analysis by compression-loading showed that his
      usual running shoes absorbed twice as much energy and deformed five times as much
      as those used in the race.

PMID- 4046920
TI  - Leigh's disease: a cause of arterial hypertension.
AB  - An 11-year-old boy developed sudden and severe arterial hypertension. A post
      mortem examination revealed bilateral symmetrical lesions in the medulla
      oblongata which were typical of Leigh's disease (subacute necrotizing
      encephalomyelopathy). Other cases of Leigh's disease with hypertension or left
      ventricular hypertrophy have shown similar brain stem lesions. Bilateral lesions
      of Leigh's disease in the dorsal medulla involving the solitary tract and nucleus
      can cause neurogenic hypertension and this may be an important clinical sign
      which has been neglected.

PMID- 4046919
TI  - Vincristine neurotoxicity in Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome.
AB  - The case of a patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome and diffuse large-cell
      lymphoma, in whom a severe generalized weakness developed after the intravenous
      administration of vincristine (2 mg) during combination chemotherapy, is
      reported. Spontaneous resolution of the severe weakness occurred when teniposide
      was substituted for vincristine in the chemotherapy regimen.

PMID- 4046921
TI  - Prenatal genetic diagnosis.

PMID- 4046922
TI  - Aboriginal health services in WA.

PMID- 4046924
TI  - Therapeutic orphans.

PMID- 4046923
TI  - Oversupply of medical graduates.

PMID- 4046925
TI  - Smokers have rights, too.

PMID- 4046926
TI  - Smoking: associations with disease.

PMID- 4046928
TI  - The pathogenesis of non-ulcer dyspepsia.

PMID- 4046929
TI  - Maloprim for malaria prophylaxis.

PMID- 4046927
TI  - Adrenaline and anaphylaxis.

PMID- 4046930
TI  - Fee and expected therapeutic outcome.

PMID- 4046931
TI  - Dilution of povidone-iodine.

PMID- 4046933
TI  - Ganglion--to cut or needle?

PMID- 4046932
TI  - Prazosin and priapism.

PMID- 4046934
TI  - Pilonidal sinus of the pubis.

PMID- 4046935
TI  - On missed abdominal tumours.

PMID- 4046936
TI  - Autologous blood transfusion.

PMID- 4046938
TI  - Nursing home for MS sufferers.

PMID- 4046937
TI  - Medico-social issues.

PMID- 4046940
TI  - Compensation neurosis.

PMID- 4046939
TI  - Hepatitis B vaccine: urticarial reaction.

PMID- 4046942
TI  - Antiemetic agents in oncological practice.

PMID- 4046941
TI  - CSF analysis.

PMID- 4046943
TI  - Can Papanicolaou and the public purse keep up?

PMID- 4046944
TI  - A major outbreak of epidemic polyarthritis in New South Wales during the summer
      of 1983/1984.
AB  - A large outbreak of epidemic polyarthritis (EPA) caused by Ross River virus (RRV)
      occurred in New South Wales in the summer of 1983/1984. The total number of cases
      was unknown, but 1196 cases were confirmed by laboratory tests. Most patients
      came from the area west of the dividing range, with especially large numbers in
      the Murrumbidgee irrigation area. Cases were reported from October 1983 to June
      1984, with 60% of cases occurring in January and February. The seasonal pattern
      was similar throughout the state. Men and women were affected in approximately
      equal numbers, with the highest frequencies in the 30-39 years' age group.
      Clinical illness was uncommon in young children. Based on a detailed study of 118
      patients from Griffith, arthralgia, lethargy, rash and headache were the most
      common symptoms. The average period of incapacity (defined as inability to resume
      normal duties) was about six weeks. On this basis, the cost of the epidemic was
      estimated at about $3 million. There were 257 cases of EPA in the Griffith Shire
      and it was calculated that approximately 340 RRV infections occurred in the
      shire. The implication is that, in this outbreak, most RRV infections resulted in
      clinical illness.

PMID- 4046945
TI  - Invasive carcinoma of the cervix in young women.
AB  - The cases of 194 women aged 40 years of age or less who had been diagnosed as
      having invasive cervical cancer in Queensland during 1972-1981 were reviewed
      retrospectively. Medical records contained a previous cervical cytological report
      for 89 women, with 18 of these having had a negative result of a smear test
      within two years of the diagnosis of invasive cancer. Cytological review of five
      of the 18 cases revealed neoplastic cells in three cases, and possible sampling
      inadequacies in the other two. Gynaecological symptoms had been present in seven
      of the 18 patients at the time of the negative result of cytological examination,
      and these persisted until the diagnosis was eventually made. A high index of
      suspicion is required when symptoms persist in spite of negative results of
      cytological examination and we recommend a review of the smear, a repeat smear
      examination with adequate sampling and referral for colposcopic examination in
      these circumstances.

PMID- 4046946
TI  - Snoring in children: is it pathological?
AB  - Some children who snore heavily, have been shown to have periods of apnoea which,
      if frequent, are known as the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSA). Twenty
      patients with OSA, who presented to the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal
      Children's Hospital, Melbourne, over a three-year period, were reviewed. The
      findings indicated that OSA is more common than is generally supposed and that it
      can present with a wide range of symptoms. It is important that an early
      diagnosis of this syndrome is made, to prevent major complications and to allow
      appropriate therapy.

PMID- 4046947
TI  - The management of snoring. Background and a series of treated cases.

PMID- 4046948
TI  - Clinical implications of the use of freeze-thaw and donor oocyte embryos.

PMID- 4046949
TI  - The treatment of Parkinson's disease.
AB  - In the management of Parkinson's disease physicians now have at their disposal a
      number of useful therapeutic tools (Figure 3). (Formula: see text)
      Anticholinergic drugs and amantadine suffice in the early stages of the disease
      when little disability is present. Levodopa combined with a peripheral
      decarboxylase inhibitor is the treatment of choice thereafter, and with the
      appearance of fluctuations it is necessary to increase the frequency of dosage of
      levodopa and to consider adding bromocriptine. Stereotactic surgery is useful in
      patients with severe tremor which is unresponsive to drug therapy.

PMID- 4046950
TI  - Doctors and alcohol.

PMID- 4046951
TI  - Acute pericarditis. An unusual presentation of an exacerbation of ulcerative
      colitis.
AB  - Acute pericarditis is an unusual complication of ulcerative colitis. In some rare
      cases, it is the only extraintestinal manifestation of the underlying colitis,
      and may even precede the development of bowel symptoms. Less rarely, pericarditis
      may be the presenting feature of an exacerbation of ulcerative colitis. Such a
      case is reported to illustrate the important, but uncommon, association of these
      disorders, and to discuss the implications for management.

PMID- 4046952
TI  - SIDS, seizures or 'sophageal reflux? Another manifestation of Munchausen syndrome
      by proxy.
AB  - A four-month-old boy with pseudo-seizures was extensively investigated for fits
      and gastro-oesophageal reflux and subsequently treated for presumed epilepsy. It
      was finally established that his mother was inducing the "seizures" by
      asphyxiation and subsequent interviews established that information concerning
      the parents had been falsified.

PMID- 4046953
TI  - Debendox and birth defects.

PMID- 4046954
TI  - Parenteral nutrition solutions.

PMID- 4046955
TI  - "Therapeutic" ultrasound.

PMID- 4046956
TI  - Acute care: nursing-home-type patients.

PMID- 4046957
TI  - Hepatic granulomatosis: sarcoidosis.

PMID- 4046958
TI  - Hip fractures in elderly women.

PMID- 4046959
TI  - [Implementation of the prevention of occupational risks in the manufacturing
      industry].

PMID- 4046960
TI  - Pulmonary changes and aluminium levels following inhalation of alumina dust: a
      study on four exposed workers.

PMID- 4046961
TI  - [Working conditions, health status and psychophysical performance of urban and
      nonurban bus drivers].

PMID- 4046962
TI  - [Vision and work. II: A method of a study of visual function at work].

PMID- 4046964
TI  - [The eye and drugs. The eye as origin and object of medical adverse effects].

PMID- 4046963
TI  - [Occupational exposure to formaldehyde in hospitals: environmental and health
      survey of personnel at risk in operating rooms and other departments].

PMID- 4046965
TI  - [Expectorants].

PMID- 4046966
TI  - [Mycotoxins of slime molds].

PMID- 4046967
TI  - [Modern therapy of strabismus].

PMID- 4046968
TI  - [Celiac disease. Clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy].

PMID- 4046969
TI  - Trilostane for Cushing's syndrome.

PMID- 4046970
TI  - Neuropsychologic function in children with brain tumors: III. Interval changes in
      the six months following treatment.
AB  - Twenty-six children with primary brain tumors were studied prospectively with
      regard to their sensorimotor, intellectual, academic, and emotional status.
      Serial evaluations were conducted after surgery (pre-irradiation) and six months
      after the completion of radiation therapy. The timing of the second evaluation
      was chosen so as to antedate the late effects of irradiation. Children over 6
      years old displayed significant improvement of intellectual function over time,
      with only 11% exhibiting deterioration on one or more cognitive parameters. In
      contrast, 68% of younger children clinically deteriorated in one or more areas of
      intellectual functioning, with prominent difficulties in memory and selective
      attention for age. Children under 6 years old with supratentorial tumors were
      less likely than those with posterior fossa tumors to improve their cognitive
      performance. At the second evaluation, 23% of the patients were functioning below
      normal (IQ less than 80) intellectually, with 50% of the younger children and 11%
      of the older children receiving special educational assistance. Approximately 40
      50% of the patients manifested emotional adjustment problems at each evaluation.
      The results are discussed in terms of the clinical need to follow similar patient
      populations with formal psychological assessments over time, and in terms of the
      difficulties involved in defining factors that determine the functional status of
      children surviving brain tumors.

PMID- 4046971
TI  - Salvage treatment for patient with multiple myeloma refractory to alkylating
      agents.
AB  - Sixteen patients with multiple myeloma refractory to alkylating agents were
      treated with vincristine 0.25 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1 to 4 and prednisone 1 gm/m2 on
      days 1 and 3. Chemotherapy was repeated every 2 weeks. Of 15 evaluable patients,
      five achieved a partial response and four stable disease. Three patients with
      partial response and three with stable disease relapsed at 6, 7, and 16 and at 5,
      9, and 10 months, respectively. The median survival for all patients was 10 1/2
      months and it ranged from 1 to 21 + months. The median survival in responders was
      not reached at 13 months. Onset of antitumor effect was observed within the first
      2 weeks. Symptomatic relief of bone pain was noted within 48 hours in responders
      and nonresponders. Improvement in bone marrow cellularity and decrease in plasma
      cell infiltration was documented in more than one-half of the responders.
      Tolerance to the treatment was good. No hematologic or other significant toxicity
      was observed.

PMID- 4046973
TI  - Secondary polycythaemia associated with large cell lymphoma.
AB  - We describe the case of a 53-year-old woman in whom early stage large cell
      lymphoma appears to be associated with secondary erythrocytosis. A haemogram
      obtained six months earlier had been normal, but at the time lymphoma was
      diagnosed, investigations showed haemoglobin 20.5 gm/dl, total red cell count 6 X
      10(12)/liter, haematocrit 0.60 liters/liter, whole blood volume 81.1 ml/kg, red
      cell volume 43.2 ml/kg, and plasma volume 37.8 ml/kg. Other investigations
      revealed no evidence of any other myeloproliferative disorder, and common causes
      of tissue hypoxia and other well-known causes of secondary polycythaemia were
      excluded. Combination chemotherapy employed to treat lymphoma reverted the
      abnormal blood counts to normal. We believe this to be the first described case
      of an association of lymphoma and secondary polycythaemia.

PMID- 4046972
TI  - The use of chemotherapy for extraocular retinoblastoma.
AB  - Among the 114 children with retinoblastoma seen at St. Jude Children's Research
      Hospital 1962-1984, 11 have received treatment with chemotherapy for measurable
      extraocular disease which was present at diagnosis (seven patients) or developed
      later during the subsequent course of their disease (four patients). Metastatic
      disease involved the brain and spinal fluid of four persons, the orbit of five,
      the bone marrow of five, lymph nodes of four, and soft tissues of three
      individuals at the time of their treatments. Single agents or combinations were
      used. Two patients with orbital extension of primary retinoblastoma developed
      complete responses following chemotherapy and subsequently received orbital
      irradiation, and have had long-term disease-free survival. Additional responses
      developed in patients who received vincristine, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin,
      cisplatin, VM-26, and ifosfamide, singly or in combination. With future
      identification of effective chemotherapy, new studies may be focused upon
      patients with localized disease to reduce radiation dosage or the need for
      immediate surgical resection of all involved eyes.

PMID- 4046974
TI  - Steroid receptors in a granulosa cell tumor (GCT) in an infant with precocious
      puberty.
AB  - A granulosa theca cell tumor was found in a 10-month-old girl with precocious
      puberty. Steroid hormone receptors were measured in fractionated tumor cells.
      Estrogen and progesterone receptors were measured in the cytosol, and estrogen
      receptors were measured in the nuclear fraction of the tumor. Although high
      affinity (Kd 0.4 nM) progesterone receptors were present in the cytosol of this
      tumor-54 fmole/mg protein-no cytosolic estradiol receptors could be detected;
      however, these receptors were found to be tightly bound to the nuclear fraction
      of the tumor. The nuclear protein had lower apparent Kd for the hormones-5.4 nM.
      This tumor produced and released various steroid hormones. The plasma steroid
      levels before removal of the tumor were 1,200 pg/ml for estradiol, 350 pg/ml for
      testosterone, and 5 ng/ml for progesterone. All these steroid hormones declined
      postoperatively to undetectable levels, with total remission of pubertal signs.
      Plasma-dehydroepiandrosterone, prolactin, and gonadotropin levels were in the
      normal range before and after surgery. These results suggest that cytosolic
      progesterone receptor as an estrogenic marker and/or nuclear estrogen receptors
      may predict the hormonal dependency of these estrogen-producing tumors.

PMID- 4046975
TI  - Extravasation of dactinomycin, vincristine, and cisplatin: studies in an animal
      model.
AB  - Extravasation of some cytotoxic drugs results in chemical cellulitis. Management
      of suspected extravasation has been empiric and difficult to evaluate clinically.
      We investigated dactinomycin, vincristine, and cisplatin by means of intradermal
      injections in Balb-c mice. Reproducible skin lesions with concentric areas of
      induration, erythema, and ulceration developed in a time- and dose-dependent
      fashion following injection of dactinomycin. Vincristine caused no lesions
      following initial intradermal administration, but repeat injection 7 days later
      was followed by a diffuse punctate ulcerative lesion suggesting a
      hypersensitivity reaction. Three concentrations (1.0, 0.1, and 0.01 mg/ml) of
      cisplatin elicited cellulitis following initial injection, but there was no
      correlation between lesion size and dose. Injection of saline, hydrocortisone,
      ascorbic acid, sodium thiosulfate, buffered DNA solution, and beta adrenergic
      agonists and antagonists after the injection of dactinomycin failed to prevent
      development of lesions. Heat application was also ineffective; however, local
      cold application prevented or markedly reduced reactions to dactinomycin. We
      conclude that the intradermal mouse model may be appropriate for the evaluation
      of the three drugs studied and that cold application is the best antidote among
      those tested for dactinomycin-induced ulceration in this model.

PMID- 4046976
TI  - Cervical lipoblastomatosis.

PMID- 4046977
TI  - Horner's syndrome: an unusual presentation of Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Horner's Syndrome (ptosis, anisocoria, and anhydrosis) developed in a 22-year-old
      woman. A mediastinal mass was noted on chest x-ray. Further evaluation led to a
      diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease, nodular sclerosis type. Horner's syndrome is an
      unusual initial manifestation of Hodgkin's disease, and, in this case, it was due
      to oculosympathetic damage from mediastinal compression. Because the potential
      for cure is high in Hodgkin's disease, this diagnosis should be considered in
      patients presenting with Horner's syndrome.

PMID- 4046978
TI  - Sudden cerebral death in malignant presacral teratoma.
AB  - A three-year-old girl with disseminated malignant teratoma was treated by
      palliative radiotherapy to her pulmonary metastases. She developed seizure
      followed by absence of cerebral function and death ensued in 36 hours.
      Computerized scan of brain was negative prior to death. The main finding at
      autopsy was occlusion of the carotid and cerebral arteries by necrotic tumour.
      Widespread cerebral tumour embolization may be an unusual terminal event in
      cancer patients with pulmonary metastases.

PMID- 4046979
TI  - [Advances and abilities, desires and opportunities in geriatrics and
      gerontology].

PMID- 4046980
TI  - [Hygienic conditions of the environment and the incidence of infectious
      intestinal diseases in Vojvodina].

PMID- 4046981
TI  - [Systemic lupus erythematosus in men].

PMID- 4046982
TI  - [The effect of meteorological factors on the manifestation of bronchial
      obstruction in children with obstructive pulmonary diseases].

PMID- 4046983
TI  - [Carpal tunnel syndrome caused by median artery thrombosis].

PMID- 4046984
TI  - [Torsion in hydrosalpinx--case report].

PMID- 4046985
TI  - [Acute diarrhea in children caused by a thermophilic Campylobacter].

PMID- 4046986
TI  - [Report of a patient thought to have a reactive psychosis].

PMID- 4046987
TI  - [Eye injuries in ambulatory practice].

PMID- 4046988
TI  - [Problems in the hospitalization of epileptic patients].

PMID- 4046989
TI  - [The axial image of the femoropatellar joint].

PMID- 4046990
TI  - [13-year analysis of patients treated for malignant tumors of the maxillary
      sinuses].

PMID- 4046991
TI  - [Determination of human chorionic gonadotropin by tests using monoclonal
      antibodies].

PMID- 4046992
TI  - Noise and filtration in magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - Noise in two-dimensional Fourier transform magnetic resonance images has been
      investigated using noise power spectra and measurements of standard deviation.
      The measured effects of averaging, spatial filtering, temporal filtering, and
      sampling have been compared with theoretical calculations. The noise of
      unfiltered images is found to be white, as expected, and the choice of the
      temporal filter and sampling interval affects the noise in a manner predicted by
      sampling theory. The shapes of the imager's spatial frequency filters are
      extracted using noise power spectra.

PMID- 4046993
TI  - Energy and angular distributions of photons from medical linear accelerators.
AB  - For accurate three-dimensional treatment planning, new models of dose
      calculations are being developed which require the knowledge of the energy
      spectra and angular distributions of the photons incident on the surface of the
      patient. Knowledge of the spectra is also useful in other applications, including
      the design of filters and beam modifying devices and determination of factors to
      convert ionization chamber measurements to dose. We have used Monte Carlo code
      (EGS) to compute photon spectra for a number of different linear accelerators.
      Both the target and the flattening filter have been accurately modeled. We find
      the mean photon energy to have a value lower than the generally perceived value
      of one-third the maximum energy. As expected, the spectra become softer as the
      distance from the central axis increases. Verification of the spectra is
      performed by computing dose distributions and half-value layers in water using
      the calculated spectra and comparing the results with measured data. We also
      examined the angular distributions of photons incident on the surface of the
      phantom. In currently used models of dose computations, it is assumed that the
      angular distribution of photons with respect to fan lines emanating from the
      source is negligible. Although the angular spread of photons with respect to the
      incident direction has been found to be small, its contribution to the
      diffuseness of the beam boundaries is significant.

PMID- 4046994
TI  - Enhancement of electron beam dose distributions by longitudinal magnetic fields:
      Monte Carlo simulations and magnet system optimization.
AB  - A Monte Carlo electron-photon transport code was developed in order to determine
      the effects of static, longitudinal, magnetic fields on dose distributions
      produced by high-energy electron beams, and to optimize the design of a
      superconducting magnet system. As a result of these simulations, a 20-cm-i.d., 30
      cm-o.d., 15-cm-tall, single-coil, magnet system was designed that could be
      incorporated into a mobile treatment table for use with a standard radiation
      therapy accelerator. Operating at a current density of 18 kA/cm2, the magnet
      would produce field strengths of 1-4 T in the phantom and 0.01 T at the
      accelerator exit window. Magnetically enhanced dose distributions, calculated for
      20- and 30-MeV electron beams, show a pronounced Bragg peak, steeper gradients to
      the sides and rear, and a roughly fourfold increase in the peak dose to entrance
      dose ratios relative to those similarly calculated without a magnetic field.
      These magnetically enhanced dose distributions have the potential for sparing
      intervening tissue when high-energy electrons are used for the treatment of deep
      seated tumors.

PMID- 4046995
TI  - Noise performance of surface coils for magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T.
AB  - In this paper we analyze the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for surface coil
      magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T. We have applied the treatment of Hoult and
      Lauterbur to determine the factors that most affect coil performance. We have
      imaged lossy phantoms with 8-, 10-, and 14-cm-diam circular surface coils and
      compared the results to body and head coil images. Surface coils can improve SNR
      by a factor of 4 or more for regions close to the surface. Surface coils are
      effective for regions up to 6 cm deep in the head and about 12 cm deep in the
      body. Nonuniformity of image intensity is a necessary requirement for improved
      SNR in surface coils. Coil losses make only a small contribution to image noise
      compared to tissue losses at 1.5 T. Surface coils need not be placed in close
      contact with the patient at 1.5 T.

PMID- 4046996
TI  - Calculation of the uncertainty in the dose delivered during radiation therapy.
AB  - There is, inevitably, uncertainty in our knowledge of the dose at any point
      within an irradiated patient. A technique is presented for estimating this
      uncertainty by performing three parallel calculations, one using nominal values
      and the others extreme values of the parameters upon which the dose depends. Such
      calculations can be made with almost any algorithm for calculating dose. They
      result in an estimate, at some specified confidence level which is determined by
      the data used, of the range of dose likely at any point. Such calculations should
      help therapists to avert over- or underdosage which might not be evident in
      conventional calculations of the nominal dose.

PMID- 4046997
TI  - Characteristics of the photon beam from a new 25-MV linear accelerator.
AB  - The Therac 25 is a relatively compact therapy machine, the heart of which is a
      double-pass electron linear accelerator. The electron beam is injected into the
      accelerator at the treatment head end of the machine and is accelerated back down
      the arm to an energy of 13 MeV. At this end of the machine a magnet system
      reflects the beam back into the structure where it gains up to an additional 12
      MeV of energy. After leaving the linear accelerator the beam is bent by an
      achromatic head magnet through 270 degrees to the treatment head. The machine
      produces eight electron beams and a 25-MV photon beam. In this work only the
      parameters of the photon beam are addressed based on measurements at the first
      two clinical sites. Percentage depth doses, tissue phantom ratios, and beam
      symmetry and stability are presented and discussed.

PMID- 4046998
TI  - Variations in response to radiation of a nylon-walled ionization chamber induced
      by humidity changes.
AB  - The volume of nylon-walled ionization chambers varies with relative air humidity
      due to the hygroscopic properties of nylon. A 6% increase in exposure calibration
      factor of a commonly employed 0.6 cm3 nylon-walled ionization chamber was
      observed when the relative air humidity decreased from 98% to 11%. The increase
      as well as the decrease in volume shows an initial fast change during the first
      day followed by an exponential change with half-lives of about 1.2 days and 2.4
      days, for water uptake and water loss, respectively.

PMID- 4046999
TI  - Analysis of utilization-related parameters on a 6-MV linear accelerator.
AB  - An analysis of unscheduled downtime and of patient treatment data for a 6-MV
      linear accelerator is presented for a 7-yr period. Following the initial year of
      clinical use, the unscheduled downtime has averaged 2.4%, with a corresponding
      loss of 1.3% in patient treatments. The quality assurance, preventive
      maintenance, and repairs are handled in-house, with an investment of
      approximately 500 man-hours annually.

PMID- 4047000
TI  - Computer dosimetry of 192Ir wire.
AB  - The dosimetry of 192Ir linear sources with a commercial treatment planning
      computer system has been evaluated. Reference dose rate data were selected from
      the literature and normalized in a manner consistent with our clinical and
      dosimetric terminology. The results of the computer calculations are compared to
      the reference data and good agreement is shown at distances within about 7 cm
      from a linear source. The methodology of translating source calibration in terms
      of exposure rate for use in the treatment planning computer is developed. This
      may be useful as a practical guideline for users of similar computer calculation
      programs for iridium as well as other sources.

PMID- 4047001
TI  - Compensating filter design using radiographic stereo shift information.
AB  - This paper describes a method of designing 3-dimensional compensating filters for
      radiation therapy using photon beams. A radiopaque grid is placed on the patient
      surface and stereo shift radiographs are taken of the treatment area. With the
      aid of a computer, tissue deficit information is calculated. Isothickness lines
      are plotted for the different missing tissue thicknesses and lead sheets with
      proper magnification are cut from these plots and assembled into the final tissue
      compensator.

PMID- 4047002
TI  - Two-dimensional dose distribution of 125I seeds.
AB  - Two-dimensional dose distribution has been measured for the new (model 6711) 125I
      seeds used in interstitial implants. Two independent methods, using a silicon
      diode or thermoluminescent dosimeters, yielded identical results. At any given
      distance r from the seed center, the dose varies with theta, the angle relative
      to the seed's axis. Similarly, the r dependence of the dose distribution is
      different at various theta values. These observations can be qualitatively
      understood in terms of several factors, namely, source encapsulation, geometrical
      relationship, and attenuation and scatter. Empirical expressions which
      approximate the measured results have been developed to facilitate clinical dose
      distribution calculations.

PMID- 4047003
TI  - Comments on dry air or humid air values for physical parameters used in the AAPM
      protocol for photon and electron dosimetry.

PMID- 4047004
TI  - The peer review process: how to prepare research grant applications to the NIH.
AB  - In today's highly competitive biomedical research world, the applicant
      investigator should learn to present his or her research ideas clearly and
      prepared with a knowledge of the review process at the National Institutes of
      Health. It is hoped that the proposed guidelines in this article will enable
      experienced and not-so-experienced investigators to compete successfully in the
      field of biomedical research.

PMID- 4047005
TI  - Determinants of the kaliuresis after acute unilateral nephrectomy in the dog.
AB  - We examined the factors regulating potassium excretion (UKV) in anesthetized,
      mechanically ventilated, mineralocorticoid-injected dogs undergoing acute
      unilateral nephrectomy (AUN). In control dogs, AUN caused both sodium excretion
      (UNaV) and UKV to increase in association with an increase in bicarbonate
      excretion (UHCO3V) but no change in chloride excretion (UClV). In dogs made
      acutely acidotic by intravenous infusion of dilute HCl, AUN led to comparable
      increase in UNaV and UKV, but with increased UClV and only a trivial change in
      UHCO3V. In dogs in which prostaglandin synthesis was inhibited by indomethacin or
      meclofenamate, AUN led to an increase in UKV but without any increase in UNaV or
      UHCO3V. The fractional excretion of potassium rose significantly and comparably
      in all groups. Our results indicate that the post-nephrectomy kaliuresis occurs
      without change in respiratory acid-base status or mineralocorticoid hormone
      activity, and can be dissociated from increased UHCO3V and, probably, increased
      delivery of fluid out of the proximal tubule. They therefore suggest a specific
      and potent effect of AUN to stimulate UKV through an increase in plasma potassium
      concentration or through some as yet undetermined mechanism.

PMID- 4047006
TI  - X-ray microanalysis of uremic nephrocalcinosis: cellular distribution of calcium,
      aluminium and silicon in uremic nephrocalcinosis.
AB  - Nephrocalcinosis with a deposition of aluminum and silicon has been previously
      reported in uremic rats. To clarify the origin of these elements thin sections of
      renal cortex were examined by means of electron microscopy and energy dispersive
      x-ray microanalysis. Studies were performed on subtotally nephrectomized rats
      (SNX) and sham-operated control animals. Electron microscopy of proximal tubular
      epithelial cells in SNX rats unlike control rats revealed severe mitochondrial
      disorganization; irregularity of the tubular basement membrane which exhibited
      various inclusions; and lamellar bodies within the brush border membrane. On x
      ray microanalysis disorganized mitochondria contained calcium and silicon, while
      secondary lysosomes displayed aluminum and silicon. The tubular basement membrane
      of SNX rats, as well as lamellar body-like inclusions within the brush border
      contained calcium, aluminum and silicon together. It is suggested that lysosomal
      and mitochondrial interaction in proximal tubular cells of uremic rats may
      contribute to the deposition of calcium together with aluminum and silicon in the
      renal parenchyma, resulting in nephrocalcinosis.

PMID- 4047007
TI  - [Apolipoproteins A and B in the lst year of life. Comparative study based on the
      type of nutrition].

PMID- 4047008
TI  - [Normal levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in childhood. First Italian data].

PMID- 4047009
TI  - [Thyro-gastric autoimmunity in a pediatric population of type-I diabetics].

PMID- 4047010
TI  - [Significance of a radiological study of the digestive tract in celiac disease in
      children].

PMID- 4047011
TI  - [Assessment of the need for primary prevention of rheumatic disease in
      childhood].

PMID- 4047012
TI  - [Efficacy of a polyvalent bacterial vaccine administered by aerosol in the
      treatment of children with respiratory infections].

PMID- 4047014
TI  - Symposium on electrodiagnosis.

PMID- 4047013
TI  - [Accidental methylergometrine maleate poisoning].

PMID- 4047015
TI  - Electrophysiologic approaches to the diagnosis of entrapment neuropathies.
AB  - Identifying and localizing nerve entrapments is a major problem in
      electrodiagnosis. Pathophysiology in the different conditions is diverse; a
      common but not invariable situation is focal demyelination with consequent focal
      slowing of nerve conduction. Many techniques of nerve conduction and
      electromyography (EMG) are available. The precise anatomy and the behavior of
      each syndrome has to be understood in order to develop appropriate strategies to
      use these techniques to best advantage.

PMID- 4047016
TI  - Lymphoreticular malignancies in the setting of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
      (AIDS). A potential model for evolution of human lymphoid neoplasms.

PMID- 4047017
TI  - An unusual variant of omphalomesenteric duct.

PMID- 4047018
TI  - Endoscopic duodenal aspiration of bile in diagnosis of gallbladder disease.

PMID- 4047019
TI  - [Stage-classification of reticuloendothelial function in hepatic injuries in the
      rat].
AB  - The serial changes of RE function were classified into 3 stages according to
      changes in opsonic activity and phagocytic index in hepatectomized, CCl4-treated
      cirrhotic rats; enhanced stage, compensating stage and critical stage. The
      phagocytic index was measured by initial disappearance rate after 4 mg/kg i.v.
      injection of 51Cr-labelled LPS. An opsonic activity was determined by the
      bioassay method using cultured RE cells prepared from the normal rat liver. The
      enhanced stage was characterized by an enhancement in both phagocytic index and
      opsonic activity--3 to 21 day-70% hepatectomized, 2 to 5 day-40% hepatectomized,
      3 week-cirrhotic rats. The compensating stage by increased opsonic activity and
      normal phagocytic index was 2 day-70% hepatectomized and 9 week-cirrhotic rats.
      The critical stage by decreased phagocytic index was 5 hour to 1 day-70%
      hepatectomized, 13 week-cirrhotic rats.

PMID- 4047020
TI  - [Pulmonary complications after esophageal cancer surgery through right thoracic
      approach].
AB  - In order to investigate the effect of preoperative pulmonary function exerted on
      the postoperative pulmonary complications, postoperative chest X-ray films were
      consecutively studied in terms of abnormal shadows in the lung up to the 30th
      postoperative day (p.o.d.) in a series of 60 patients with intrathoracic
      esophageal cancer. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to their
      preoperative % VC and FEV1.0%; patients with % VC greater than or equal to 100%
      and FEV1.0% greater than or equal to 80% were stratified as group A, those with %
      VC greater than or equal to 80% and FEV1.0% greater than or equal to 70%
      excluding group A as group B, and those with % VC less than 80% or FEV1.0% less
      than 70% as group C. Patients with pyothorax secondary to anastomotic leakage,
      and/or ARDS due to proven septicemia were excluded. Abnormal shadows on the chest
      X-ray were observed in 68.3% of all the patients after surgery. The positive
      ratios for those shadows were not statistically different among the three groups.
      Before 3rd p.o.d., preoperative pulmonary function did not correlate with the
      positive ratio for abnormal shadows of each group. After 5th p.o.d., however, the
      positive ratios in group C were higher than those in group A and B up to 14th
      p.o.d. (p less than 0.05). Approximately seventy per cent of all abnormal shadows
      started within 3 days after the operation. Abnormal shadows first appeared on the
      upper lung fields more frequently in group C than in group A + B (p less than
      0.01). The abnormal shadows on the right lower lung field appeared significantly
      later than those on the right upper lung field (p less than 0.05). In group C,
      major abnormal shadows were found in 71.4%, which were higher than those in group
      A and B (p less than 0.05). The abnormal shadows in group C persisted for a
      period of 14 days, which was longer than those in group A and B (p less than
      0.05). In conclusion, preoperative pulmonary function exerts much influence on
      the progress and continuity of abnormal shadows in the lung after 5th p.o.d. in
      patients with esophageal cancer.

PMID- 4047021
TI  - [Evaluation of absolute non-curative resection in colorectal carcinoma].
AB  - A total of 241 cases with colorectal carcinoma were treated surgically at our
      hospital in the past 8 years. Of these, the non-curative resection was performed
      in 62 cases (absolute non-curative resection in 54 and relative non-curative
      resection in 8). In this study 54 cases (27 colonic carcinoma and 27 rectal
      carcinoma) with absolute non-curative resection were evaluated from the aspect of
      pathologic findings and survival rate according to the non-curative factors
      (liver metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, lymph node metastasis and distant
      metastasis). Seventeen cases (63.0%) had two or more non-curative factors in the
      cases with colonic carcinoma and 21 cases (77.8%) one factor, especially liver
      metastasis, in the cases with rectal carcinoma. In the cases with rectal
      carcinoma, the invasion to the adjacent structures was recognized in 48.1%. The
      survival rates were correlated with the extent of the non-curative factors in the
      cases with absolute non-curative resection. However, longer survival would be
      expected, if the primary tumor could be resected, even in absolute non-curative
      resection for colorectal carcinoma.

PMID- 4047022
TI  - [Clinical studies on changes in serum transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, total
      bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels after hepatectomy with and without the
      hemihepatic vascular occlusion technique].
AB  - Changes of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic
      transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total-bilirubin (T-Bil) and
      alkaline-phosphatase (AL-P) before operation and for one week of the
      postoperative period were studied in 45 patients (32 cirrhotic, 13 non-cirrhotic
      patients) who underwent hepatectomy with the hemihepatic vascular occlusion
      technique, and compared with 108 patients (42 cirrhotic, 66 non-cirrhotic
      patients) without it. The blood loss during hepatectomy with hemihepatic vascular
      occlusion markedly decreased 1500 ml on the average, compared with non-occluded
      patients. Serum GPT, GOT and LDH level elevated in several postoperative days,
      however, there was no difference between both groups. Serum total bilirubin level
      of patients without hemihepatic vascular occlusion elevated more than those with
      it. This difference was statistically significant. This tendency was more evident
      in the patients with cirrhosis. Serum AL-P level of patients without hemihepatic
      vascular occlusion decreased statistically less than those with it. This tendency
      was more prominent in patients with cirrhosis. With these results, there was no
      evidence of augmenting the postoperative liver damage by hemihepatic vascular
      occlusion, even in the patient with cirrhosis. Moreover, the elevation of
      postoperative serum total bilirubin level was suppressed by hemihepatic vascular
      occlusion because of the minimum blood loss and minimum blood transfusion.

PMID- 4047023
TI  - [Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the wall of the gallbladder: a case report and
      review of the literature].
AB  - A case of heterotopic gastric mucosa (pyloric gland) in the wall of the
      gallbladder was reported. A 58 year-old woman was admitted with a history of
      sudden attack of hypochondralgia radiating to the back, but she had no fever and
      jaundice. Ultrasonography demonstrated high echo at the neck and body of the
      gallbladder. Cholecystectomy was performed with a diagnosis of the gallbladder
      tumor containing gall stone. The surgical specimen revealed a 15 X 14 X 8mm
      subserosal tumor in the body and chronic cholecystitis, but showed no metaplastic
      differentiation in the mucosa. The cause was considered to be congenital.
      Heterotopic tissue in the wall of the gallbladder was very rare. In the
      literature, there were 29 cases of gastric mucosa and 27 cases of pancreatic
      tissue. The mean age of incidence were 31.9 and 42.0 year-old, respectively.
      There is no sex difference. The lesion was located in the cystic duct and the
      neck of the gallbladder in half the patients. Cholelithiasis and/or cholecystitis
      was complicated in many cases, and it might be associated with heterotopic tissue
      whereas the etiology is unknown.

PMID- 4047024
TI  - Nuclear antigens in the HeLa cell cycle.
AB  - Antisera to 0.35 M NaCl extracts and residues of S phase HeLa nuclei were reacted
      with electrophoretically separated proteins from the nuclei or nuclear material
      of HeLa cells synchronized in G1, S, G2 or M phases of the cell cycle.
      Quantitative evaluation of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase stained nitrocellulose
      transfers (Western blots) revealed significant changes in the quantities of
      nuclear non-histone proteins during the cell cycle. Immunochemical staining of
      electrophoretically separated nuclear antigens permits their selective detection
      in minute quantities and in the presence of many additional proteins.

PMID- 4047025
TI  - Induction of (2'-5') oligoadenylate synthetase activity during granulocyte and
      monocyte differentiation.
AB  - Variations in the (2'-5') oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5 A synthetase) level were
      examined prior to and during the differentiation in culture of the human monocyte
      cell line U937 and the promyelocytic cell line HL60 in an attempt to reveal
      whether the enzyme is actively involved in hematopoietic cell maturation. The
      basal level of this enzyme was much higher in U937 than in HL60 cells. The
      activity of 2-5 A synthetase was enhanced in both cell lines in response to
      alpha, beta interferons. During cell differentiation, ten markers were measured.
      The level of the enzyme rose during the process of cellular maturation in both
      cell lines. The 2-5 A synthetase activity observed in differentiated HL60 and
      U937 cells was comparable to that observed in mature normal granulocytes and
      monocytes respectively. Induction of U937 differentiation by chemicals was
      associated with detectable production of IFN. The increase in enzyme activity
      observed was mostly dependent on endogenous production of interferon, since it
      was inhibited by interferon antibodies. Kinetic studies showed that in U937 cells
      2-5 A synthetase was expressed prior to several of the differentiation markers.
      The rise in the enzyme's level observed during the differentiation of HL60 cells
      was independent of endogenous production of interferon, since it was not
      inhibited by the addition of anti-interferon antibodies. These results suggest
      that different biochemical and molecular mechanisms are responsible for the
      induction of 2-5 A synthetase observed during the differentiation of
      hematopoietic cells. In any case, 2-5 A synthetase can be considered as a
      biochemical marker of cell status and differentiation in hematopoietic cells.

PMID- 4047026
TI  - The influence of harmaline on the movements of sodium ions in smooth muscle of
      the guinea pig ileum.
AB  - The effect of changing the extracellular concentration of both Na+ and K+ on the
      longitudinal muscle of the guinea-pig ileum was studied in the presence and
      absence of harmaline. A decrease in extracellular Na+ concentration was found to
      produce a dose-dependent contractile response, which may suggest the existence of
      a Na-Ca exchange mechanism in this muscle. Harmaline (2 X 10(-4) M) was found to
      reversibly inhibit this contraction and was also found to selectively block the
      tonic component of high-K induced contradictions. In view of the fact that
      harmaline is a non-competitive inhibitor of Ca-induced contractions (Hider et
      al., Europ. J. Pharmacol., 71, 87, 1981), the action of harmaline was interpreted
      as being a specific inhibitor of the Na-Ca exchange mechanism, binding
      specifically to Na+ coordination sites.

PMID- 4047028
TI  - The aromatization of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid to hippuric acid: substrate
      specificity and species differences.
AB  - The ability to convert cyclohexanecarboxylic acid to hippuric acid has been
      studied in liver from guinea pigs, rabbits, rats and mice using a gas
      chromatographic - mass spectrometric method employing selected ion monitoring.
      Guinea pig liver showed the highest activity, giving values double of those found
      in rabbit liver and five times those in rat liver. Only very weak activity was
      found in mouse liver. (Hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane, cyclohexanealdehyde and alpha
      hydroxyethylcyclohexane, which are structurally related to cyclohexanecarboxylic
      acid but lack the carboxyl group, were not aromatized by guinea pig liver
      mitochondria. This finding indicates that the carboxyl group is essential for
      aromatization. Absence of aromatization was also found with the homologs
      cyclohexaneacetic acid and cyclohexanepropionic acid and with the di-acids trans
      1,2- and trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid. The effect of a methyl group in
      cyclohexanecarboxylic acid depended on its position. 2-Methyl-1
      cyclohexanecarboxylic acid was not aromatized, however the 3- and 4-methyl
      derivatives underwent aromatization and subsequent conjugation with glycine. The
      rates of formation of m-methyl- and p-methylhippuric acid were 16% and 9%,
      respectively, of that found for hippuric acid from cyclohexanecarboxylic acid
      (8.0 nmol/min/mg protein).

PMID- 4047027
TI  - Enzyme kinetics of a highly purified mitochondrial creatine kinase in comparison
      with cytosolic forms.
AB  - Mitochondrial creatine kinase (CK) purified from canine myocardium showed a
      single protein band on SDS-PAGE and was free of MMCK. Its amino acid composition
      was different than MMCK or BBCK and did not react to antiserum to MMCK or BBCK.
      Using purified mitochondrial, MM and BBCK, the velocity of reaction (V) was
      estimated for creatine phosphate (CP), creatine (C), adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
      and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) over a wide range of concentrations including
      those at Vmax. The values for Km (mM/L) derived from Lineweaver-Burke plots are
      shown: (Table: see text). The affinity of mitochondrial CK for C is much greater
      than MMCK which is compatible with the energy shuttle hypothesis, namely ATP is
      converted by mitochondrial CK to CP, and then diffuses to the myofibril for
      conversion to ATP for utilization.

PMID- 4047029
TI  - The aromatization of cyclohexanecarboxyl-CoA to hippuric acid by guinea pig liver
      mitochondria: submitochondrial localization.
AB  - The conversion of cyclohexanecarboxyl-CoA to hippuric acid in submitochondrial
      fractions from guinea pig liver was studied using a gas chromatographic-mass
      spectrometric method employing selected ion monitoring. Comparison of the
      activities of the cyclohexanecarboxyl-CoA to hippuric acid converting system
      (CCoAHC-system) and marker enzymes in the various submitochondrial fractions
      showed that the CCoAHC-system is localized in the mitochondrial matrix. Partial
      separation of the inner and outer membranes has been accomplished by treating
      mitochondria with digitonin in isotonic medium and fractionating the treated
      mitochondria by differential centrifugation. A digitonin-protein ratio of 2.6 mg
      of digitonin/10 mg of protein must be used in order to release significant
      amounts of amine oxidase activity (outer membrane marker) from low speed
      mitochondrial pellets. This pellet still contained most of the glutamate
      dehydrogenase activity and was insignificantly contaminated with adenylate
      kinase. Moderate concentrations of phenazine methosulfate (PMS) greatly
      stimulated the activity of the CCoAHC-system, even in intact mitochondria
      (optimal concentration of PMS: 1 mM) whilst higher concentrations (greater than 1
      mM) decreased the activity. The formation of hippuric acid in these mitochondrial
      preparations was linear with time for at least 40 min and linear with respect to
      protein concentration up to approximately 2.0 mg mitochondrial protein X ml-1.

PMID- 4047030
TI  - [The role of membrane phospholipids in oxidative phosphorylation. A hypothesis of
      LC-coupling].
AB  - The role of lipid (pentadienyl) radicals and Mitchell's "C-elements" was
      analyzed. The function of the "C-elements" is necessary, but not enough for
      coupling of oxidation and phosphorylation. It was proposed that oxidative
      phosphorylation in the mitochondria membrane is the result of a direct coupling,
      involving participation of the "LC-elements" (where L and C reflect the inductive
      and capacitive character of the transformation device). The "L-elements" (the
      short pi-system) are lipid (pentadienyl) radicals formed in polyunsaturated fatty
      acids of phospholipids.

PMID- 4047031
TI  - [Spatial organization of the (H3-H4-H2A-H2B)2 histone octamer].
AB  - Structure of the (H2A-H2B-H3-H4)2 histone octamer isolated from calf thymus
      chromatin at ionic strength 0.1 to 4.0 M NaCl, pH 7.6, was studied
      spectrofluorometrically. Sensitivity of lambda max tyrosine fluorescence position
      to structural changes of histone oligomers and to the processes of their
      association was shown. It were detect two ranges of cooperative changes in
      histone optical parameters at 0.6-1.4 M NaCl (transition I) and at 2.4-3.4 M NaCl
      (transition II): Transition I corresponds to the formation of equilibrium system
      (hexamer) + (dimer) in equilibrium octamer. Transition II corresponds to the
      structural changes of the histone octamer. Thus, fluorescence anisotropy
      increases, lambda max for fluorescence spectrum is shifted to the longer
      wavelengths, contributions of two components to fluorescence decay change, a
      fraction of fluorescence accessible to the quenching by I- decreases. Histone
      octamer formation is characterized by making specific contacts between the (H2A
      H2B) dimer and (H3-H4)2 tetramer. These contacts are realized at gradual changing
      of ionic strengths (by dialysis). In the case of abrupt local changes of the
      environment the process is irreversibly shifted to formation of unspecific high
      molecular aggregates. The important function role for energetically degenerated
      states of histone oligomers, energy barriers between which can be overcome by
      changing total conditions of histone microenvironment in chromatin is discussed.

PMID- 4047032
TI  - [NMR study of the structural transition in the DNA-bound water system in the
      interval of physiological temperatures].
AB  - Temperature dependence of spin-spin proton relaxation times of DNA and bound
      water and the content of bound water in the samples of DNA, saturated with water
      in the atmosphere with different relative humidities from 0 to 100% were studied
      by means of pulsed NMR. It is shown that the temperature transition in the system
      of DNA-bound water in the interval 18-35 degrees is observed only when the
      relative humidity is more than 70% and the double-stranded structure of DNA
      exists. The transition of DNA from one conformation into another passes through
      some intermediate state more labile and probably less ordered. This transition is
      accompanied by changes in the structure of the hydration shell. In the case when
      relative humidity is greater than 80%, the partial dehydration of DNA stimulated
      by the transition is observed. This dehydration increases with the increase of
      relative humidity.

PMID- 4047033
TI  - [Selective cytotoxicity of an antibody-ricin A chain conjugate for human tumor
      cells].
AB  - The toxic subunit of a plant ricin has been conjugate by a disulfide bond to a
      polyclonal rabbit antibody specific for the L-chain of human IgG. Both the
      antibody and ricin A-chain retained their original biological activity after
      conjugation. This conjugate proved to be a potent cytotoxin for surface Ig
      positive Burkitt lymphoma EB-3 cells, growing in vitro and produced 50%
      inhibition of protein synthesis at level of 1.4 x 10(-9) M. When tested for
      cytotoxic action on target cells, the composite conjugate molecule was at least
      100 times more effective than antibodies alone, ricin A-chain alone or a
      conjugate ricin A-chain--normal rabbit IgG.

PMID- 4047034
TI  - [Theoretical model of the B-Z transition in DNA with an arbitrary sequence].
AB  - A statistical-mechanical model is suggested that makes it possible to describe
      the B-Z transition in DNA with an arbitrary sequence of nucleotides. The key
      point consists in allowance for the fact that each base pair can assume one of
      the two states with different energies. One of these states corresponds to the
      standard Z-form with purines in the syn conformation and pyrimidines in the anti
      conformation. However, in natural DNA sequences such standard base-pair
      conformations should be interrupted by energetically unfavorable conformations
      (syn for pyrimidines and anti for purines). Open regions and cruciform structures
      are also allowed for in the model. The probabilities of formation of the Z-form
      stretches, open regions and cruciform structures have been calculated for
      different values of parameters for pBR322 and pAO3 DNA.

PMID- 4047035
TI  - [Microcalorimetric study of the domain organization of serum albumin].
AB  - Scanning microcalorimetry was used for studying the melting of the structure of
      human and bovine serum albumins and their fragments. It was shown that the
      melting of the native structure of serum albumin observed by the excessive heat
      absorption is a complex process which is described by three simple transitions
      overlapping in temperature. This means that the serum albumin molecule consists
      of three more or less independent cooperative structures, domains.

PMID- 4047036
TI  - [Principles of selective inactivation of the viral genome. III. Kinetics of the
      inactivation of bacteriophage MS2 infectivity by beta-propiolactone].
AB  - It is shown that the action of beta-propiolactone on the bacteriophage MS2 under
      the wide range of conditions (pH, temperature, initial concentration of the
      reagent) the survival curves could be accurately described, taking into account
      the reagent consumption during inactivation. The requirements for accurate
      description of the infectivity inactivation of viruses by the action of any
      chemical agent were formulated. That allowed rational development of a principal
      stage in preparation of the killed antiviral vaccines--inactivation of the virus
      infectivity to the necessary extent by the action of chemical agents.

PMID- 4047037
TI  - [Toroidal globular state of circular DNA].
AB  - The influence of torsional elasticity of the double helix on compactization and
      structure of circular DNA in a compact form is studied in the case when the
      compact (globular) particle has a torus shape. For closed circular DNA the
      topological invariant, linking number of two strains, yields strict connection
      between conformation of double helix, considered as a unifilar homopolymer, and
      elastic energy of torsional twisting. The contribution of torsional elasticity to
      free energy of the toruslike globule is calculated. This contribution is shown to
      be proportional to the square of superturn's density. Torsional elasticity
      decreases the equilibrium radius of the toruslike globule formed by circular DNA
      in comparison with the case of linear DNA. Closure of linear DNA into a ring
      widens the stability range of the relatively short DNA compact form and tightens
      it for long DNA.

PMID- 4047038
TI  - [Non-enzymatic DNA methylation by S-adenosylmethionine results in the formation
      of minor thymine residues and 5-methylcytosine from cytosine].
AB  - It was found that nonenzymatic DNA methylation proceeds in water solution in the
      presence of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet). The main reaction products are thymine
      and 5-methylcytosine residues. It was shown that labelled thymine residues are
      formed also upon DNA incubation in the presence of [methyl-14C]methionine as well
      as [methyl-14C]cobalamine. Only cytosine reacts with AdoMet resulting in thymine
      production. AdoMet may be a potential mutagen that induces GC----AT transitions
      during DNA replication in the cell.

PMID- 4047039
TI  - [Model studies of DNA-protein interaction. I. Effect of aminocarboxylic and amide
      groups of amino acids on DNA thermostability and conformation].
AB  - To elucidate interactions of amino-carboxylate dipole and amide group of amino
      acids with DNA, glycine and glutamine, concentration dependences of the melting
      curves and CD spectra of calf thymus DNA at low ionic strength (10(-4) M) Na
      citrate have been studied. A considerable increase of the melting temperature
      delta t1/2 and a decrease of the temperature interval of melting delta t with the
      rise of glycine concentration were observed without changes in the CD spectrum. A
      comparison was made between the influence of dipolar glycine ion and isolated
      amino and carboxylate ions of ammonium acetate. The data obtained indicated the
      predominance of electrostatic interaction of glycine with DNA phosphates until
      the ligand concentration was approximately 0.6 M and, apparently, specific
      interactions of carboxylate ion with guanine at higher glycine concentrations.
      Destabilizing effect of glutamine on DNA at a concentration of 5.10(-3) M was
      observed, whereas at higher concentrations two-phase increase of delta t1/2 was
      shown. Small changes in DNA CD spectrum under the action of glutamine were
      registered. The comparison data for glutamine and acrylamide showed that DNA
      destabilizing effect was due to the amide group. The destabilizing effect of
      amide group can be explained by its interaction with the bases in single-stranded
      regions of DNA with the formation of two H-bonds. It is possible that the
      increase of DNA delta t1/2 is the result of the interaction of phosphates both
      with aminocarboxylate and amide groups of glutamine.

PMID- 4047040
TI  - A sulfhydryl redox model of antibody-dependent phagocytosis.
AB  - A new sulfhydryl redox model of antibody-dependent endocytosis is proposed. This
      model synthesizes many previous studies employing a variety of experimental
      approaches. Predictions of this model can be tested experimentally.

PMID- 4047041
TI  - Human complement component C3: characterization of active C3 S and C3 F, the two
      common genetic variants.
AB  - The two common genetic variants of human C3, C3 S and C3 F, were purified and
      characterized by SDS-PAGE, agarose gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and
      amino acid analysis. The difference in electrophoretic mobility between the two
      variants was conserved after purification, and by isoelectric focusing of the
      hemolytically active proteins, pI values of 5.86 and 5.81 were determined for C3
      S and C3 F, respectively. Any difference in amino acid composition was too small
      to be detected by amino acid analysis, and the two proteins had the same
      molecular weight as determined by SDS-PAGE.

PMID- 4047042
TI  - Hyaluronic acid-complement interactions--II. Role of divalent cations and
      gelatin.
AB  - Native hyaluronic acid (HA) is reported to be a weak anticomplementary agent.
      However, the normal buffer systems used for complement tests incorporate gelatin,
      Ca2+ and Mg2+, which may bind to HA, influence its conformation and interfere
      with its anticomplementary reactions with complement components such as Cl. In
      this study, metal ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+), gelatin and fibronectin appeared to react
      with native HA preparations and block their anticomplementary effects on Cl. In
      previous studies, we obtained evidence for a relationship between reversible heat
      induced HA conformational changes and a subsequent reversible increase in
      anticomplementary activity. The anticomplementary activity of heat-treated HA
      preparations was also reduced by gelatin.

PMID- 4047043
TI  - Specific antibodies to diphtheria toxin and type 6A pneumococcal capsular
      polysaccharide induced by a model of semi-synthetic glycoconjugate antigen.
AB  - A molecular model of a carbohydrate-protein conjugate is described, involving the
      non-toxic mutant protein CRM197, serologically related to the diphtheria toxin,
      covalently bound to a characterized oligosaccharide derived from the molecular
      structure of type 6A pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide. Physicochemical and
      immunochemical characteristics of this oligosaccharide-protein conjugate were
      consistent with a molecule showing a molar carbohydrate/protein ratio of 8, an
      av. mol. wt of 75,000, and retention of complete immunochemical identity when
      tested towards the homologous antisera. The immunological characteristics
      obtained after immunization of 2 animal models showed a high immunogenicity of
      the glycoconjugate specifically directed towards diphtheria toxin and the type 6A
      pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide.

PMID- 4047044
TI  - Original antigenic sin and the production of autoantibodies.
AB  - Autoantibodies to sheep myoglobin have been raised by priming sheep with beef
      myoglobin and boosting with sheep myoglobin. The autoantibodies appear to be a
      subset of those produced when beef myoglobin is used for both priming and
      boosting. This subset of antibodies is presumably directed to the surface regions
      which are common to both myoglobins. The antibodies which bind to sheep myoglobin
      in the 2 types of antisera differ. Those elicited by boosting with beef myoglobin
      bind better to beef myoglobin than to sheep myoglobin, while those obtained by
      boosting with sheep myoglobin bind with equal avidity to the 2 myoglobins. It
      would seem therefore that the boosting immunogen determines which fraction of
      antibodies is selected from the antibody repertoire established by the priming
      immunogen. Our results also show that tolerance at the T-cell level can be
      circumvented by exposing the immune system to a protein closely related to a
      homologous self protein.

PMID- 4047045
TI  - Covalent structure and affinity of channel catfish anti-dinitrophenyl antibodies.
AB  - Serum antibody (Ab) of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, is predominantly a
      tetrameric, approximately 700,000-dalton protein. This tetrameric Ab dissociates
      into 8 distinctive subpopulations, each composed of equimolar heavy and light
      chains, when in the presence of denaturing solvents. The present studies
      utilizing purified anti-DNP Abs obtained from catfish monitored for either short
      (1-2 months) or long (1-2 years) periods post-primary immunization with
      dinitrophenylated horse serum albumin showed no demonstrable differences in the
      ratio of the covalent Ab subpopulations. Although significant humoral Ab levels
      were sustained during the 1-2 year monitoring period, there were no significant
      changes in the binding affinities or heterogeneity of the induced Ab.

PMID- 4047046
TI  - [The meaning of fairy tales].

PMID- 4047047
TI  - [Spontaneous secretion of growth hormone in deep nocturnal sleep. I. Measurement,
      calculation and normal values in childhood].

PMID- 4047048
TI  - [Psychological preparation for surgery in children].

PMID- 4047049
TI  - [Psychological care of chronically ill children with a progressive disease].

PMID- 4047050
TI  - [Turkish girls in the stress between 2 cultures].

PMID- 4047051
TI  - [Problems of Turkish children and their parents in German pediatric hospitals].

PMID- 4047052
TI  - [Etiology and clinical aspects of shock].

PMID- 4047053
TI  - [Pathophysiology of hemodynamics in shock].

PMID- 4047054
TI  - [Pathophysiology of the microcirculation].

PMID- 4047055
TI  - [The treatment of shock].

PMID- 4047056
TI  - [Motor and neurological development of children].

PMID- 4047057
TI  - [Cognitive development in childhood. What is really developing?].

PMID- 4047058
TI  - [The beginning of social integration after birth. Crisis or continuity?].

PMID- 4047059
TI  - [Mechanical stress of newborn infants caused by incubator transport].
AB  - Newborn babies transported in an incubator are obviously exposed to considerable
      mechanical vibrations. We measured these vibrations with the aim to improve these
      conditions. The vibrations measured on transportation by R.T.W. ambulance
      (Daimler-Benz 508 with an "anti-vibration platform") are almost tolerable;
      however on the K.T.W. ambulance (Volkswagen Type 2) the registered vertical
      accelerations were much greater and gave an unacceptable level of gravitational
      forces. Small constructive corrections to the stretcher and the connection
      between stretcher and incubator lead to a marked decrease in peak acceleration
      and the value of effective acceleration. We also found that it is of great
      importance to drive smoothly and that the vibrations are more pronounced with
      hasty driving. The influence of these vibrations as a possible co-factor in the
      pathogenesis of intracranial haemorrhage is discussed.

PMID- 4047060
TI  - [Deep Q waves in the ECG of children--an electro-, vector- and echocardiographic
      study].
AB  - Out of 9557 children we found 120 children (1,26%), who showed deep Q-waves of
      greater than or equal to 0.4 mV in 3 consecutive ECG's at least in one of the
      leads I, aVL, V4, V5 and V6. 70 children were investigated additionally by
      echocardiography, 45 by vectorcardiography according to Frank. Echocardiography
      revealed an increased septal thickness in 5 patients, a borderline thickness in
      8, an increased septal/posterior wall ratio in 4. In the vectorcardiogram 51,1%
      of the patients had no Q-waves in lead y, mostly in combination with deep Q-waves
      in a VL or left axis deviation. Q-waves in lead y were combined with Q-waves in V
      5/6. The determination of the main axis coincided in 80% of ECG and VCG. Looking
      for the various heart diseases, 30% of the children with Q-waves had a
      ventricular septal defect, 23,3% an endocardial cushion defect, 10,8% a patent
      ductus arteriosus, 3,3% a bradycardia, 2,5% a Bland-White-Garland syndrome and
      1,6% a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. 17,5% of the children had an innocent heart
      murmur, 5,8% no cardiac symptoms. Other diseases were found in 5%. The most
      frequent cause of Q-waves in children were volume-overload of the left ventricle
      (35%) and left axis deviation (33,3%), whereas myocardial infarction and septal
      hypertrophy (3,3 and 4,1%) were of minor importance. In healthy children (23,3%)
      we could not find any pathomechanism.

PMID- 4047061
TI  - [Aggressive behavior as a side effect of ethylenediamine (but not of
      theophylline)].
AB  - In accordance with a case report of a 7-year-old boy with bronchial asthma, who
      was twice treated with aminophylline and each time reacted upon this with an
      aggressive behaviour, which was completely abolished after stopping the
      medication and which did not appear after application of theophylline, we became
      suspicious, that this side effect could be due only to the ethylenediamine.

PMID- 4047062
TI  - [Raising an impression fracture of the skull in the newborn infant with the
      vacuum extractor].
AB  - A vacuum extractor was successfully used to elevate a depressed fracture of the
      parietal bone in a newborn. The following computerized tomography showed a
      minimal subdural effusion. Without further therapy the patient recovered
      uneventfully.

PMID- 4047063
TI  - [Mediastinal liposarcoma in a 14-year-old girl].
AB  - Liposarcomas are not frequently found in children or adolescents. An unusual
      localisation of this tumor was seen in a 14 year old girl. The prognosis of this
      disease is good in young patients. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice,
      chemo- and radiotherapy are additional therapeutic modalities.

PMID- 4047064
TI  - [A new vaccination strategy in Lower Saxony].

PMID- 4047065
TI  - [Treatment of digitalis poisoning with a specific digitalis antidote].

PMID- 4047066
TI  - [Significance of the measurement of serum substrates in children].
AB  - Almost daily very many analyses are performed in the clinical laboratory, even if
      their significance for a given diagnosis is uncertain or unnecessary. In this
      paper the significance of Na, Cl, Ca, Mg, P, total protein, urea nitrogen,
      creatinine and uric acid is discussed, as well as methodological aspects, age
      dependent reference values, and especially the relevance of these laboratory
      results for the diagnosis. Each laboratory result represents only a symptom,
      which may lead to some diagnosis, but the main importance remains with the
      clinical symptoms.

PMID- 4047067
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of proxyphylline in asthmatic children].
AB  - In 15 asthmatic children and 3 healthy adult volunteers the pharmacokinetics and
      pharmacodynamics of proxyphylline under oral treatment, and the pharmacokinetics
      after intravenous administration were determined. The concentration-time-courses
      after intravenous application could best be fitted to an open 2-compartment model
      whereas the pharmacokinetics after oral treatment followed an open 1-compartment
      model. Under oral administration great inter- and intraindividual variances of
      the serum levels occurred. These differences which showed no age-dependency were
      suggested to be due to variations of the absorption velocity and the elimination
      half-lifes. In order to evaluate the curative efficacy of proxyphylline on lung
      function parameters all children had to undergo a whole body-plethysmography. No
      significant antiobstructive effects on the relevant baseline ventilation
      parameters could be observed. The protective efficacy of proxyphylline was
      determined in asthmatic children who developed an exercise induced asthma after a
      7 minutes run. Only in 3 of 11 children a significant reduction of the enhanced
      airway resistance occurred. No correlation between serum levels and the
      protective effects was found. The present results show that there is no positive
      association between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of proxyphylline in
      asthmatic children. A safe antiobstructive therapy appears to be impossible
      within the dose range recommended so far.

PMID- 4047068
TI  - [Therapy of juvenile struma. Comparison between combination treatment and
      monotherapy].
AB  - 91 children (70 girls and 21 boys) aged between 5 and 16 years were treated
      orally with thyroid hormones for euthyroid juvenile goiter. Maximally for 54
      months. 16.5% of the children had a goiter size I, 69.2% size II, and 14.3% size
      III. 59 patients were treated for an average of 15.3 months with a mean daily
      dose of 90.9 micrograms thyroxine (T4) plus 18.2 micrograms triiodothyronine (T3)
      per m2 body surface. 32 patients received T4 in a mean daily dose of 88
      micrograms/m2 body surface for an average of 7.5 months. The patients were
      examined 3-monthly in the outpatient department. The correlations between doses
      of thyroid hormones and serum concentrations of PBI or T4 were evaluated
      retrospectively using treatment records. The correlations were significant with r
      = 0.310 (T4 + T3) and r = 0.138 (T4). The large spread of PBI or T4
      concentrations proved that compliance and enteral resorption influence the
      efficacy of treatment with thyroid hormones. Despite the different length of
      therapy 73% of patients on combined therapy and 72% of patients on thyroxine
      alone achieved a reduction of the size of their goiter. In both treatment groups
      the results of therapy were best (70% improvement) when the T4-concentrations
      ranged between 9.4 and 10.7 micrograms/dl. The number of complaints per patients
      during therapy was independent of the hormone dosages. During the first seven
      follow-up examinations patients on the combined hormone schedule uttered an
      average of 2.5 complaints, while the patients on thyroxine alone had an average
      of 1.1 complaints.

PMID- 4047069
TI  - [Bilateral middle ear tuberculosis and morphologically unusual lung tuberculosis
      in an 11-year-old boy].
AB  - A 11 year old boy presented with chronic otorrhea and hearing impairment. After
      repeated tympanorevision macroscopic findings suggested the presence of middle
      ear tuberculosis. Chest X-ray revealed unusual abnormalities which in conjunction
      with normal pulmonary function and overall well-being did not support concurrent
      pulmonary tuberculosis. However, microbiological investigations verified this
      diagnosis in both sites, and proper tuberculostatic treatment proved successful.

PMID- 4047070
TI  - [Allergic alveolitis in cow milk allergy].
AB  - The case history of a 12 months old boy with recurrent pneumonia following
      ingestion of cow's milk is described. After receiving cow's milk containing
      formula he presented with fever, tachypnea, diffuse rales and crepitations over
      both lungs. The chest X-ray revealed marked bilateral alveolar shadows. A high
      titer of antibodies against the four major antigenic components of cow's milk
      protein was demonstrated by Ouchterlony's precipitation test and the fluorescent
      immunosorbent test. Withdrawal of cow's milk from the diet resulted in complete
      resolution of clinical and radiological findings.

PMID- 4047071
TI  - [Partial splenectomy in homozygous beta-thalassemia].
AB  - Six children, 2 1/2 to 6 years old, with homozygous beta-thalassemia underwent
      partial splenectomy as indicated by splenomegaly and high blood transfusion
      requirement. A marked reduction of blood requirement has been achieved in 2
      children with an annual blood transfusion volume up to 150 ml per kg body weight.
      The other four children required total splenectomy as blood requirement remained
      high and significant splenomegaly developed within few weeks after the partial
      splenectomy. The immunological function of the spleen residue remains still
      controversial and needs further evaluation. Partial splenectomy might be
      indicated therefore only in selected children with homozygous beta-thalassemia.

PMID- 4047072
TI  - Anti-major histocompatibility complex immunity detected prior to intentional
      alloimmunization. II. Monoclonal H-2-specific antibodies obtained from an
      unimmunized C57BL/KaLwRij (H-2b) mouse.
AB  - A monoclonal 'natural' anti-H-2 IgM antibody produced by a hybridoma cell line OL
      3.17 (H-2 m. 209) is described. The OL-3.17 monoclonal antibody was obtained by
      hybridization of spleen B cells from an unimmunized C57BL/Ka (H-2b) mouse in the
      serum of which simultaneously an IgM kappa paraprotein of high concentration and
      a natural H-2-specific antibody of high titer was detected. The monoclonal
      antibody OL-3.17 reacted strongly with H-2d and H-2s and weakly with H-2k,q,r
      lymphocytes, thereby detecting a hitherto unknown H-2 public determinant. The
      target molecules for OL-3.17 cocapped with class-I H-2 antigens, but
      immunoprecipitation of H-2 antigens was not achieved. This is the first
      monoclonal H-2-specific antibody obtained from a mouse without intentional
      immunization and, with high probability, was derived from a B-cell clone which
      produced natural H-2-specific antibodies detectable in the serum of the original
      mouse.

PMID- 4047073
TI  - Balbc/3T3 cell transformation response to extracts of organic air samples as seen
      by their survival in aggregate form.
AB  - Extracts of organic matter from samples of airborne particulate matter have been
      shown to possess components capable of transforming mammalian cells. This study
      was done to determine if Balbc/3T3 cells exposed to extracts of air samples
      could, unlike their normal counterparts, in the absence of a surface for
      attachment, divide on agar to form aggregates, and if these cells would
      demonstrate a dose-response phenomenon. Untreated and solvent treated control
      cells failed to form large aggregates and showed a decline in viable cell number
      over a 6-day period. Cells treated with either cyclohexane or acetone extracts of
      airborne particulate matter showed a dose-response increase in cell number along
      with the formation of progressively larger aggregates, findings similar to those
      seen with the positive, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), control. Furthermore, these
      findings are in direct agreement with those in the simultaneously performed
      standard cell transformation assay which required 21 days to perform. Results
      show that survival in aggregate form is a rapid in vitro test system capable of
      detecting potentially carcinogenic activity in complex environmental mixtures.

PMID- 4047074
TI  - Cytogenetic effects of quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide-type growth-promoting agents. III.
      Transplacental micronucleus test in mice.
AB  - The growth-promoting agents carbadox and olaquindox were active in the mouse
      transplacental micronucleus test, whereas cyadox was ineffective. Chemicals were
      administered p.o. and i.p. at a dose of 100 mg/kg and the effect was observed 18
      h after treatment. The effects observed in fetal liver were parallel to those in
      maternal bone marrow, but fetal tissue was approximately 2-3 times more
      sensitive.

PMID- 4047075
TI  - Baseline frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) in newborn lymphocytes and
      its relationship to in vivo aging in humans.
AB  - Heparinised cord blood from newborns and peripheral venous blood from three other
      age groups of individuals (1-75 years) have been cultured in vitro to obtain
      baseline frequencies of SCE and to see if the frequency of baseline SCE in vitro
      varies as a function of aging in vivo. The results demonstrate an age-dependent
      variation in the frequency of SCEs. Although the SCE frequency was lowest
      (5.10/cell) in 1-5-year-old infants, a significantly higher (P less than 0.001)
      frequency (8.97/cell) was observed in the cord blood of newborns. In old age, the
      level of SCE also increased. The plausible reason(s) for such observations is
      discussed.

PMID- 4047076
TI  - Germ-cell mutagenesis and GSH depression in reproductive tissue of the F-344 rat
      induced by ethyl methanesulfonate.
AB  - Sensitivity of male F-344 rats to the dominant lethal (DL) mutagenic effect of
      ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) was studied in conjunction with an evaluation of EMS
      induced depression of glutathione (GSH) in testis, epididymis and vas deferens.
      At the maximal effect, during week 3 (days 15-19 post-EMS), a dosage of 50 mg/kg
      caused 13.3% fetal death (FD) vs. 3.3% in controls, while 100 mg/kg caused 56.6%
      FD in the same interval. EMS maximally depressed GSH to 33%, 54% and 77% of
      control in vas, epididymis and testis respectively. The slope of the DL dose
      response curve for EMS in rats shows a 3-4-fold greater sensitivity than that
      reported for mice. The steepness of this curve suggests that small perturbations
      in endogenous protective mechanisms, such as GSH depression, may exert a greater
      proportional effect on germ-cell mutagenesis in rats which should be more readily
      observable than in mice. EMS and other electrophilic toxicants may thus influence
      their own primary reproductive toxicity and/or that of other agents by depression
      of GSH in male reproductive tissue.

PMID- 4047077
TI  - Studies on germinal effects of quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid.
AB  - Quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) is one of the most widely occurring
      flavonoids ingested by man in food. It has been shown to be mutagenic in
      prokaryotes as well as in in vitro mammalian cell lines. In view of the
      unavoidability of ingesting it via a normal diet, there is a need to assess the
      potential genetic risk to man, due to flavonoid ingestion, using whole animal
      assays. Dominant lethal studies have been carried out in adult Swiss male mice
      and Wistar male rats to investigate the germinal effects of quercetin. Adult
      Swiss males were treated with 200, 300 or 400 mg/kg of quercetin dissolved in 60%
      dimethyl sulfoxide, intraperitoneally. In the rat study, 200 and 300 mg/kg of
      quercetin were used. Individually caged males were paired with untreated females
      for a week and six sequential matings were carried out. Two independent
      experiments in mice and a single experiment in rats constituted the study.
      Females were evaluated for inducted dominant lethality during the midterm of
      pregnancy. At 200 mg/kg dose of quercetin, there were no significant differences
      between control and the test group in pregnancy, total or live implantations in
      mice or rats during the whole test period that could be attributed to the
      flavonoid exposure. In mice at 300 and 400 mg/kg of quercetin, there was a
      profound reduction in fertility of the males during all six matings. The number
      of total and live implantations also decreased, particularly at the 400 mg/kg
      dose, although the sample size was too small to be statistically significant.
      Contrary to this, the rat study did not show any impairment of fertility, nor was
      there any substantial suppression of total and live implantations at the highest
      (300 mg/kg) dose tested. There were no significant differences between control
      and treated groups with regard to the number of dead implantations at any dosage
      level at any stage of the study in mice and rats. Thus, no post-implantation
      losses--a reliable measure of dominant lethal mutations--were induced by
      quercetin in mice or rats. The loss of fertility could be due to germinal
      cytotoxicity, oligospermia or impairment of fertilizing ability of the treated
      animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4047078
TI  - Chromosome 11 aberrations in small colony L5178Y TK-/- mutants early in their
      clonal history.
AB  - We have developed a cytogenetic technique that allows observation of chromosome
      rearrangements associated with TK-/- mutagenesis of the L5178Y/TK+/-3.7.2C cell
      line early in mutant clonal history. For a series of mutagenic treatments we show
      that the major proportion (93%) of small-colony (sigma) mutants studied have
      chromosome 11 rearrangements (the chromosome containing the thymidine kinase
      gene) while large-colony (lambda) mutants do not have detectable chromosome
      rearrangements. In addition, we find among the chromosome abnormalities in sigma
      mutants a significant proportion (34%) with dicentric chromosomes involving
      chromosome 11. These potentially unstable chromosome rearrangements may help to
      explain the karyotypic instability and heterogeneity among chromosome 11
      aberrations previously noted in sigma mutants when they are analyzed later in
      their clonal history.

PMID- 4047079
TI  - Cytogenetic characterization of the L5178Y TK+/-3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cell line.
AB  - The cytogenetic characterization of the L5178Y TK+/-3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cell
      line was carried out, utilizing G-banded metaphase chromosomes, to provide a
      karyotypic basis for the precise delineation of induced rearrangements in TK-/-
      mutants. Band-pattern measurements were used to construct ideograms which
      represent the position, number, size and staining intensity of the chromosome
      bands. The TK+/-3.7.2C cell line has been shown to provide quantitation of
      forward mutations induced at the autosomal thymidine kinase (TK) locus in this
      cell line. Chromosome analysis of the TK+/-3.7.2C cell line and derived TK-/-
      mutants has become important in demonstrating that the TK+/-----TK-/- assay may
      detect and distinguish between chromosomal events and smaller, perhaps point
      mutation, events in mutant colonies.

PMID- 4047080
TI  - Selected abstracts of papers presented at the 13th annual meeting of the
      Environmental Mutagen Society of Japan. 12-13 October 1984, Tokyo (Japan).

PMID- 4047081
TI  - Induction of malignant transformation by various chemicals in Balb/3T3 clone A31
      1-1 cells and biological characterization of some transformants.
AB  - Balb/c A31-1-1 cells were used for the study of transformation induction by
      chemicals with different mutagenic specificities. We show that survival of these
      cells and therefore the calculated transformation frequency per cells at risk is
      dependent upon the cell density at the time of treatment. It is suggested that
      equal cell densities should be used for measuring survival values and
      transformation induction. The quantitative results obtained are discussed in the
      light of the known mutagenic mechanisms of the chemicals tested. We also
      characterized morphologically transformed foci induced by different chemicals
      with respect to some biological properties. Anchorage independence was determined
      by testing growth in soft agar, loss of contact inhibition was quantitated by
      measuring maximum cell densities and malignancy was tested by tumor induction in
      nude mice. Although no very close correlation between these parameters and
      morphology was observed, the most malignant clones are also the ones with the
      highest values in the other tests. Our data make one or few genetical targets for
      transformation induction likely. We therefore speculate that the diverse
      phenotypes obtained might be due to differential activation of one or very few
      transforming genes in these cells.

PMID- 4047082
TI  - Radiation sensitivity of fibroblasts of bilateral retinoblastoma patients as
      determined by micronucleus induction in vitro.
AB  - The radiation sensitivity of fibroblasts isolated from bilateral retinoblastoma
      (RB) patients was investigated using an in vitro micronucleus assay. Bilateral RB
      is an autosomal dominant disease associated with a single locus, RB-1; therefore,
      all cells in an affected individual carry the germ line mutation. The ability to
      identify gene carriers made it possible to study the effect of the RB-1 mutation
      in the heterozygous state on the sensitivity of the cells to chromosome breakage
      by gamma-rays. The micronucleus assay was chosen for this study since it is a
      quick and easy measure of chromosomal aberrations. The fibroblasts from bilateral
      RB patients did not differ systematically from the normal fibroblasts in either
      the spontaneous or the induced rates of micronucleus production. Thus, bilateral
      RB fibroblasts are not more sensitive to the clastogenic effects of gamma
      radiation than the controls.

PMID- 4047083
TI  - G2 chromosomal radiosensitivity in ataxia telangiectasia lymphocytes.
AB  - The peripheral lymphocytes from 7 patients affected with ataxia telangiectasia
      (AT) were found to be about twice as sensitive to the induction of chromatid-type
      aberrations by X-rays administered during the G2 phase of the cell cycle as cells
      from normal controls. Peripheral lymphocytes from 6 AT heterozygotes were no more
      sensitive than the controls. Using labelling of peripheral lymphocytes with
      tritiated thymidine, followed by autoradiography, it was determined that cells
      from affected patients, heterozygotes and normal controls, whether irradiated or
      not, all had similar percent labeled mitoses (PLM) curves, so the increased
      induced aberration yields seen in the AT cells is not simply the consequence of a
      longer than normal G2 phase, nor of G2 delay induced by the radiation. Peripheral
      lymphocytes from two affected patients and two controls were irradiated in
      culture, labeled with tritiated thymidine and collected with colcemid over
      various intervals so that by scoring unlabeled cells in autoradiographs the time
      course of aberration yield over all of G2 could be determined. The curve for
      chromatid aberrations for the AT cells differ significantly from that for the
      controls in intercept, suggesting that in the AT cells the radiation induces more
      lesions capable of resulting in aberrations, but that their repair may be
      similar.

PMID- 4047084
TI  - 239Plutonium-induced heritable translocations in male mice.
AB  - This study was conducted to estimate the frequency of transmitted reciprocal
      translocations per rad of exposure to alpha particles from [239Pu]citrate. Data
      indicate that the rate of induction of heritable translocations is related
      linearly to the duration of spermatogonia stem cell exposure. The estimated
      increase in heritable translocations per rad of exposure of the stem cell to
      alpha particles is in the range of 1.45-2.91 X 10(-5)/gamete.

PMID- 4047085
TI  - Long-term infertility and dominant lethal mutations in male mice treated with
      adriamycin.
AB  - Sperm production and fertility were studied in male mice treated with adriamycin
      (ADR) at 6 or 8 mg/kg. Testicular sperm production and epididymal sperm counts
      were markedly reduced after ADR treatment. Gradual recovery of counts occurred,
      but sperm counts had not reached control levels even more than 1 year after
      treatment. Epididymal sperm showed treatment-induced morphological abnormalities
      throughout the experiment; the frequencies of sperm with detached tails and the
      frequencies of sperm with morphologically abnormal heads remained elevated about
      2-3-fold above control. According to the frequency of vaginal plugs, treated male
      mice mated at control rates with untreated females during the post-treatment
      sterile period. However, after some fertility was regained the fertilization rate
      (calculated as the fraction of eggs, flushed from the oviduct 2 days after
      mating, that had been fertilized and had cleaved) was markedly reduced and
      remained depressed for the remainder of the experiment. The fertilization rate
      reached only 0.29 at 23-32 weeks after 8 mg/kg ADR and 0.76 at 16-23 weeks after
      6 mg/kg ADR; both values were significantly below the control value of 0.94.
      Dominant lethal mutations in the zygotes flushed from the oviduct were measured
      in culture by the loss of the zygote's ability to develop to a stage
      characterized by trophectoderm outgrowths and formation of an inner cell mass.
      The frequencies of dominant lethal mutations detected in vitro were 1.7 or 7.4%
      after 6 mg/kg, and 32 or 40% after 8 mg/kg ADR; each value was calculated in two
      different ways, with 3 of these 4 values significantly different from zero. We
      conclude that even after mice regain fertility following ADR exposure, the level
      of fertility remains permanently subnormal as evidenced by a lack of
      fertilization of eggs that is probably due to the decreased quantity and quality
      of spermatozoa produced. Furthermore, ADR can induce genetic damage in stem
      spermatogonia, which can be transmitted through fertile spermatozoa. Thus, there
      may be a genetic risk to the offspring of cancer patients treated with ADR
      chemotherapy, but at present we are unable to quantitate that risk.

PMID- 4047086
TI  - Interaction of UV and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine: cytotoxicity and
      mutagenicity in V79 cells.
AB  - Killing and mutation by UV in the MNNG-exposed population of V79 cells, as well
      as by MNNG in the UV-irradiated population of these cells have been studied. It
      was observed that pretreatment with MNNG increased the killing and mutation by
      UV, whereas, pretreatment with UV had no effect upon killing and mutation by
      MNNG. The increase in sensitivity to UV due to pretreatment with MNNG was lost if
      UV exposure was delayed for 24 h after MNNG treatment.

PMID- 4047087
TI  - Formation and persistence of sterigmatocystin--DNA adducts in rat liver
      determined via 32P-postlabeling analysis.
AB  - A 32P-postlabeling method has been employed to detect the in vitro and in vivo
      modification of DNA by the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin (ST). ST-modified DNA was
      initially incubated under buffered alkaline conditions to convert unstable ST-N7
      guanine moieties to stable, putative ST-formamidopyrimidine derivatives. DNA was
      subsequently digested with micrococcal nuclease and spleen phosphodiesterase, and
      the resulting ST-modified nucleotides, purified by reverse-phase thin-layer
      chromatography (TLC), were labeled at the 5' position via incubation with [gamma
      32P]ATP and T4 polynucleotide kinase. 32P-labeled ST-nucleotides were separated
      by reverse-phase and anion-exchange TLC. Cerenkov quantitation of excised TLC
      fractions indicated that ST-DNA moieties could be detected with a sensitivity of
      1 ST adduct in 3-5 X 10(7) nucleotides. Initial enzymatic digestion of ST
      modified DNA was found to yield ST-modified di- and trinucleotides which, upon
      32P-labeling followed by incubation with nuclease P1, liberated unmodified 5'
      terminal nucleotides suggesting that ST-formamidopyrimidine-modified DNA was a
      poor substrate for micrococcal nuclease and spleen phosphodiesterase. Dose
      dependent ST-DNA adduct formation was detected in the liver of male Fischer 344
      rats over a 27-fold range of ST administered (0.33-9 mg/kg). In addition, ST-DNA
      adducts, formed in rats given a 9 mg/kg dose, were found to persist up to 105
      days after treatment at a level of 0.5% of the 2-h value. Loss of these adducts
      from liver DNA was observed to exhibit a triphasic profile: rapid loss during the
      first 24 h (t 1/2 = 12 h) followed by a slower decline from 1 to 14 days post
      dosing (t 1/2 = 7 days) and an extremely slow decline from days 14 to 105 post
      treatment (t 1/2 = 109 days). This experimental approach to the study of
      mycotoxin-DNA interactions permits the quantitative description of DNA
      modification in ST-treated animals. Further refinement of this approach may be
      useful in defining the precise relationship between ST exposure and tumorigenesis
      in ST-exposed human populations.

PMID- 4047088
TI  - Somatosensory evoked potentials in motor neuron disease.
AB  - We studied median somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in an unselected series
      of 30 patients with sporadic motor neuron disease (MND). SEPs were affected in 17
      patients (57%), with a higher incidence of abnormality in amyotrophic lateral
      sclerosis and bulbar palsy than in progressive muscular atrophy. In a majority of
      patients, simultaneous bilateral stimulation of the median nerve revealed a delay
      or absence of scalp-recorded central N32 and/or N60, leaving the earlier peaks
      intact. In the remaining cases, the N19 peak was asymmetrically prolonged. These
      findings suggest common involvement of somatosensory pathways in MND, either at
      cortical or subcortical levels, and correlate with neuropathologic reports of
      neuronal degeneration beyond the primary motor system.

PMID- 4047089
TI  - Decreased parvalbumin contents in skeletal muscles of C57BL/6J(dy2J/dy2J)
      dystrophic mice.
AB  - Parvalbumin content is decreased by 40% in hindlimb muscles of adult (3.5 months)
      dystrophic mice when compared to normal mice of the same age. The concentration
      of parvalbumin in the dystrophic muscles resembles that of immature muscles of 4
      week-old normal mice. The reduction may contribute to an elevation of
      sarcoplasmic free CA2+, which could stimulate various Ca2+-dependent processes
      related to the disease.

PMID- 4047090
TI  - Pulmonary function and electromyographic study of respiratory muscles in myotonic
      dystrophy.
AB  - Ten adult myotonic dystrophy patients underwent measurements of lung function,
      maximal dynamic and static ventilatory efforts, and respiratory muscle
      electromyography (EMG). EMG studies were performed during spontaneous breathing
      or when subjects breathed through high inspiratory or expiratory resistive loads.
      Present results show that (1) a moderate restriction of lung volumes with
      hypoxemia plus normocapnia is often observed; (2) patients sustain dynamic
      ventilatory efforts more easily than static work; and (3) abnormalities in
      respiratory muscle EMG exist with spontaneous expiratory and inspiratory
      intercostal activities during quiet breathing and changes in muscular response to
      resistive loads. Inspiratory loading evokes contraction of expiratory muscles,
      with a marked decrease in inspiratory activities. Expiratory resistive loads
      prolong the diaphragmatic contraction throughout the expiratory time, and in some
      patients, relaxation of the diaphragm does not occur during the loaded run. These
      EMG data suggest that the reciprocal inhibition among respiratory neurons is
      enhanced in myotonic dystrophy and that myotonia also occurs in the diaphragm
      when loads oppose its relaxation.

PMID- 4047091
TI  - Cultured rat spinal cord neurons: interaction with motor neuron disease
      immunoglobulins.
AB  - Conditions have been developed for the culture of rat spinal cord neurons in
      serum-free media supplemented with hormones and growth factors. Neurons were
      identified by immunofluorescence-labeled anti-neurofilament antibody, and their
      growth was monitored by assay of choline acetyltransferase and cholinesterase
      activities. Activities of these enzymes were considerably higher than those of
      comparable cultures in serum supplemented media in which there were visibly many
      more nonneuronal cells. Serum immunoglobulins from patients with motor neuron
      disease showed enhanced binding to rat spinal cord cells maintained in both serum
      supplemented and serum-free media, as compared with those from normal healthy
      individuals. Enhanced binding was more marked with the latter cells, presumably
      because of the higher proportion of neuronal cells in these cultures. Serum
      immunoglobulins from patients with other neurologic disorders showed a similar
      binding to that of the normal controls. The results demonstrate the presence of
      an immune response to spinal cord cell membrane components in patients with motor
      neuron disease, although whether the response is primary or secondary in the
      disease process remains unclear.

PMID- 4047092
TI  - In vivo P-NMR spectroscopy: muscle energy exchange in paramyotonia patients.
AB  - Using phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we studied the muscle
      metabolism in four patients with paramyotonia congenita as reflected in the PC/Pi
      and PC/ATP ratios. At normal body temperature, all results were indistinguishable
      from controls. After cooling to 29 degrees C muscle temperature and a single 2
      sec maximum contraction, the forearm muscles were stiff. At this stage, no
      decrease in the ATP content could be detected. In greater than 50% of the
      experiments with patients, an additional peak occurred transiently at the
      resonant frequency for monophosphates. After a working period at 29 degrees C
      muscle temperature, the paramyotonic muscles were paralyzed, but displayed
      spectra similar to those obtained at normal body temperature and full working
      capability. Intracellular pH was close to 7 in paramyotonic muscle under all
      conditions examined.

PMID- 4047093
TI  - The Spanish toxic-oil syndrome: three years of evolution.

PMID- 4047094
TI  - [Kerion-like tinea barbae caused by Epidermophyton floccosum].

PMID- 4047095
TI  - Treatment with enilconazole spray of dermatophytosis in rabbit farms.

PMID- 4047096
TI  - Dermatophytes in sporting activities.

PMID- 4047097
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 42-1985. A 61-year-old man with worsening dyspnea and evidence of
      pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 4047098
TI  - AIDS in a surgeon.

PMID- 4047099
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent patients.

PMID- 4047100
TI  - Potassium supplementation of diuretic therapy: pro and con.

PMID- 4047101
TI  - Increased glomerular filtration rate and kidney size in diabetes.

PMID- 4047102
TI  - Capillary basement membranes and diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 4047103
TI  - Statistical concepts fundamental to investigations.

PMID- 4047104
TI  - Cigarette smoking, serum estrogens, and bone loss during hormone-replacement
      therapy early after menopause.
AB  - To elucidate the effect of smoking on estrogen metabolism, we examined 136
      postmenopausal women treated for one year with one of three different doses of
      combined estrogen-progestogen or placebo. The women were grouped according to
      smoking status, and serum levels of estrone and estradiol were measured before
      and after treatment. The results showed reduced levels of both estrogens in
      smokers as compared with nonsmokers in all three dosage groups. This reduction
      was most pronounced in the high-dose group (4 mg of estradiol), in which the
      serum levels of estrone and estradiol in smokers were only 50 per cent of those
      in nonsmokers (P less than 0.001 and less than 0.05, respectively). In contrast,
      no significant changes could be demonstrated in the corresponding placebo groups.
      Moreover, it was possible to demonstrate significant inverse correlations between
      the number of cigarettes smoked daily and the changes in the levels of serum
      estrone and estradiol, respectively, (P less than 0.001). This study suggests
      that an increased hepatic metabolism of estrogens results in lower estrogen
      levels among postmenopausal smokers. This may contribute to the reported risk of
      osteoporosis among smokers.

PMID- 4047105
TI  - Discontinuing antiepileptic medication in children with epilepsy after two years
      without seizures. A prospective study.
AB  - Antiepileptic medications were discontinued in 88 children with epilepsy of
      various causes who had been free of seizures for two to four years. The subjects
      were then followed for six months to five years (mean, 22 months). Sixty-six (75
      per cent) remained free of seizures. Electroencephalographic characteristics,
      type of seizure, and age at onset were important in predicting outcome. Specific
      electroencephalographic features (such as the presence or absence of slowing or
      spikes) were more predictive than simple classification of an
      electroencephalogram as normal or abnormal. A history of complex partial seizures
      that had been controlled for two years carried a relatively favorable prognosis
      (P less than 0.05), whereas a history of atypical febrile seizures carried a poor
      prognosis (P less than 0.05). The variable of a younger age at onset was also
      associated with a better outcome (P less than 0.05), but only if accompanied by
      electroencephalographic slowing. Altogether, six variables (the interaction of
      age at onset with electroencephalographic slowing, electroencephalographic
      spikes, atypical febrile seizures, complex partial seizures,
      electroencephalographic slowing, and electroencephalographic change) were
      statistically significant (P less than 0.05) in predicting outcome. We conclude
      that in most children with epilepsy who have been free of seizures for two or
      more years, antiepileptic medications can safely be discontinued, and that it is
      possible to predict reasonably well which children will remain free of seizures.

PMID- 4047106
TI  - A prospective study of postmenopausal estrogen therapy and coronary heart
      disease.
AB  - To clarify the possible role of postmenopausal estrogen use in coronary heart
      disease, we surveyed 121,964 female nurses, aged 30 to 55 years, with mailed
      questionnaires, beginning in 1976. Information on hormone use and other potential
      risk factors was updated and the incidence of coronary heart disease was
      ascertained through additional questionnaires in 1978 and 1980, with a 92.7 per
      cent follow-up. End points were documented by medical records. During 105,786
      person-years of observation among 32,317 postmenopausal women who were initially
      free of coronary disease, 90 women had either nonfatal myocardial infarctions (65
      cases) or fatal coronary heart disease (25 cases). As compared with the risk in
      women who had never used postmenopausal hormones, the age-adjusted relative risk
      of coronary disease in those who had ever used them was 0.5 (95 per cent
      confidence limits, 0.3 and 0.8; P = 0.007), and the risk in current users was 0.3
      (95 per cent confidence limits, 0.2 and 0.6; P = 0.001). The relative risks were
      similar for fatal and nonfatal disease and were unaltered after adjustment for
      cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol levels, a parental
      history of myocardial infarction, past use of oral contraceptives, and obesity.
      These data support the hypothesis that the postmenopausal use of estrogen reduces
      the risk of severe coronary heart disease.

PMID- 4047107
TI  - American personal-injury lawyers at Bhopal. Ethics and public policy in mass
      disaster.

PMID- 4047108
TI  - Where, oh where has the MB gone?

PMID- 4047109
TI  - Complications of permanent cardiac pacemakers.

PMID- 4047110
TI  - Munchausen's syndrome simulating torsion dystonia.

PMID- 4047111
TI  - Case 22-1985; an 88-year-old man with a pleural effusion.

PMID- 4047112
TI  - Impairment of polymorphonuclear leukocyte and macrophage functions in
      splenectomized patients.

PMID- 4047113
TI  - Is fast food toxo-food?

PMID- 4047114
TI  - The medical profession and the prevention of torture.

PMID- 4047115
TI  - Association of multiple copies of the N-myc oncogene with rapid progression of
      neuroblastomas.
AB  - Eighty-nine patients with untreated primary neuroblastomas were studied to
      determine the relation between the number of copies of the N-myc oncogene and
      survival without disease progression. Genomic amplification (3 to 300 copies) of
      N-myc was detected in 2 of 16 tumors in Stage II, 13 of 20 in Stage III, and 19
      of 40 in Stage IV; in contrast, 8 Stage I and 5 Stage IV-S tumors all had 1 copy
      of the gene (P less than 0.01). Analysis of progression-free survival in all
      patients revealed that amplification of N-myc was associated with the worst
      prognosis (P less than 0.0001); the estimated progression-free survival at 18
      months was 70 per cent, 30 per cent, and 5 per cent for patients whose tumors had
      1, 3 to 10, or more than 10 N-myc copies, respectively. Of 16 Stage II tumors, 2
      with amplification metastasized, whereas only 1 of 14 without amplification did
      so (P = 0.03). Stage IV tumors with amplification progressed most rapidly: nine
      months after diagnosis the estimated progression-free survival was 61 per cent,
      47 per cent, and 0 per cent in patients whose tumors had 1, 3 to 10, or more than
      10 copies, respectively (P less than 0.0001). These results suggest that genomic
      amplification of N-myc may have a key role in determining the aggressiveness of
      neuroblastomas.

PMID- 4047116
TI  - Persistent rubella virus infection associated with chronic arthritis in children.
AB  - We isolated rubella virus from lymphoreticular cells in 7 of 19 children with
      chronic rheumatic disease, including patients with systemic-onset juvenile
      rheumatoid arthritis (Still's disease) (1 of 5), polyarticular juvenile
      rheumatoid arthritis (2 of 2), pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (2 of
      6), and seronegative spondyloarthritis (2 of 6). In contrast, rubella virus was
      not isolated from the control group, which included eight normal subjects and
      eight patients with other connective tissue diseases or traumatic joint effusion.
      In most members of the study group, mononuclear cells from both synovial fluid
      and peripheral blood were examined. Rubella virus was isolated from both cell
      populations in three patients, from only peripheral blood in one, and from only
      synovial fluid in two. In the children with systemic-onset juvenile rheumatoid
      arthritis, only peripheral blood was examined, and of the five samples analyzed,
      one was shown to have rubella virus. Virus was isolated on more than one occasion
      from four of seven persons. Persistence of rubella virus in lymphoreticular cells
      in 35 per cent of these cases of juvenile arthritis supports the view that the
      virus may be an etiologic agent in chronic human joint disease, but further work
      will be required to support this suggestion.

PMID- 4047117
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 44-1985. A 50-year-old woman with a long history of chronic
      sinusitis and recent diplopia.

PMID- 4047118
TI  - Antitrust law versus peer review.

PMID- 4047119
TI  - Dominant inheritance of adenomatous colonic polyps and colorectal cancer.

PMID- 4047120
TI  - Genotyping with DNA probes in combined immunodeficiency syndrome with defective
      expression of HLA.

PMID- 4047121
TI  - Chicken-soup hypernatremia.

PMID- 4047122
TI  - Inflammatory bowel disease in pregnancy.

PMID- 4047123
TI  - Proposed NIH Institute of Nursing.

PMID- 4047124
TI  - Pathogenicity of Exophiala jeanselmei for ddY mice.
AB  - The pathogenicity of three cultures isolated as Phialophora jeanselmei was
      compared with that of three cultures of Phialophora gougerotii using ddY mice.
      One hundred and twenty mice were used. They were divided into 6 groups consisting
      of 20 each. Each culture was evaluated in 20 mice. Mice were inoculated
      intravenously with 0.2 ml of a 1% (wet weight/vol.) yeast-like cell suspension
      and sacrificed at adequate intervals until the 30th day. As results, 1) the
      virulence of the three cultures each of P. jeanselmei and P. gougerotii to ddY
      mice was mild. 2) These cultures were not neurotropic. 3) P. gougerotii survived
      longer in the mice than P. jeanselmei. 4) There were no major differences in
      histopathology of the lesions in the mice inoculated with the two taxa.

PMID- 4047125
TI  - Use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of equine
      Histoplasmosis farciminosi (epizootic lymphangitis).
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was evaluated for the detection of antibody
      in sera of equine naturally infected with Histoplasma farciminosum 'epizootic
      lymphangitis'. Ten sera from naturally infected horses were tested. A hydrogen
      peroxide ABTS mixture constituted the substrate. The reactions were read as the
      absorbance values measured at 405 nm using a spectrophotometer. The standard
      deviation and the average percentage of the absorbance values of the different
      serum samples were considered in the interpretation of the results. All sera were
      proved positive with variations in the different samples. Ground preparation of
      four weeks old growth of the fungus in a phosphate buffer saline was used as
      antigen. A peroxidase labeled goat anti-equine IgG was used as a conjugate.

PMID- 4047126
TI  - Abnormal form of Aspergillus terreus isolated from mycotic abscesses.
AB  - A remarkable outer cell-wall thickening (up to 1.5 muM) was observed on septate
      hyphae obtained from pus collected from multiple abscesses of a 25-year-old
      female patient. Ultrastructural examination of the hyphae showed a thick electron
      dense layer of microfibrillar material surrounding the electron transparent cell
      wall. The organism was able to grow only on hypertonic media upon initial
      isolation but on later subculture it grew on normal isotonic media. The thick
      microfibrillar material diminished progressively upon subculture but could be
      demonstrated in 7 day secondary cultures in isotonic liquid medium. There,
      microfibrillar bridges appeared to bind hyphae together. The observations
      suggested that this microfibrillar material was a true extracellular component.
      The immunological status of the patient was not examined, but her 10 year history
      of multiple mycotic abscesses and dermatophytoses suggested some abnormalities.

PMID- 4047127
TI  - Production and purification of a peptide of Fusarium tricinctum that causes
      conidia of Penicillium to swell.
AB  - A process is described for production of a cyclodepsipeptide complex (CDPC) from
      autoclaved white corn grits fermented with Fusarium tricinctum NRRL 3510. Yields
      of more than 2.5 g CDPC/kg of medium were obtained. Previously, we described the
      conspicuous swelling of Penicillium digitatum conidia and hyphal tips incubating
      in a medium supplemented with the CDPC, a trio of metabolites produced by strains
      of F. tricinctum and F. roseum. Analysis of the CDPC mass spectra and the amino
      acid composition indicated one major and two minor cyclodepsipeptides. The two
      major products differed from the major cyclodepsipeptide only in the substitution
      of either isoleucine or valine for leucine in the threonyl-alanyl-alanyl
      glutaminyl-tyrosyl-leucine peptide portion of the molecule.

PMID- 4047128
TI  - The routine use of modified Borelli's lactritmel agar (MBLA).
AB  - The original formula of Borelli's lactritmel agar (BLA)(3) which contains wheat
      flour, milk and honey, has been modified by replacing the wheat flour with
      dehydrated Bacto Corn Meal Agar (Difco) and by slightly altering the
      concentrations of the milk and honey. The modified medium (MBLA) is less turbid,
      less particulate, and easier to prepare than BLA. Although Trichophyton rubrum
      usually produces a wine-red pigment with BLA, most strains initially produce a
      yellow pigment, with the red pigment developing later. The corn meal in MBLA
      reduces this tendency and stimulates the early formation of deep wine red
      pigment, MBLA enhances sporulation of dermatophytes and various fungi which fail
      to sporulate on other media, and maintains characteristic growth without
      developing pleomorphic degeneration. It has been used routinely since 1972 as a
      reliable aid to the differentiation of T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes. Since
      1975 selective MBLA has been used as a routine primary isolation medium for
      dermatophytes, and has proved to be most useful.

PMID- 4047129
TI  - Multiple paracoccidioidomas simulating Wegener's granulomatosis.
AB  - Five cases of paracoccidioidomas are reviewed. One case with multiple coin
      lesions simulating Wegener's granulomatosis is described.

PMID- 4047130
TI  - Disturbances in toxicological experiments caused by Microsporum canis.
AB  - Cutaneous lesions which can lead to false positive results have been observed in
      several rabbits used for the determination of the cutaneous irritation capacity
      of a product (ITA, PII). The responsible agent was Microsporum canis. A
      preventive treatment by an antifungal agent did not modify toxicological
      experimental results.

PMID- 4047131
TI  - A study on gelation of soybean globulin solutions. Part 4. Effect of gelation
      conditions on the visco-elastic properties and structure of thermotropic gels of
      soybean globulin fraction.
AB  - To the study of the structure and properties of the thermotropic soybean globulin
      fraction (SGF) gels the stress relaxation and electron microscopy techniques has
      been applied. The value of slope of normalized relaxation function was used as a
      characteristic of relaxation properties of SGF gels. This value characterizes the
      velocity of the gels relaxation processes. It has been found that this
      characteristic is determined only by the gels' heating temperatures. Using the
      differential scanning microcalorimetric technique it was shown that the changes
      of the slope of normalized relaxation function of SGF gels are controlled only by
      heating temperature. The reason for this lies in the changes of the composition
      of the denaturation product of SGF gels. The increase is shown of the shear
      moduli of gels prepared at other than optimum temperatures by additional heating
      under optimal gelation conditions. That is a result of existence of a sol
      fraction. The most significant increase of shear moduli is found for the SGF
      gels, sol-fraction of which is native 11S globulin. A correlation has been
      established between the changes of SGF gels' structure obtained from the dates of
      rheological measurements and electron microscopy technique.

PMID- 4047133
TI  - Identification of sulphur-organic compounds obtained by thermal treatment of the
      meat broths in the presence of alkyl-mercaptopropanol.
AB  - By means of GLC-analysis on columns with different polarity phases the
      composition of the sulphur-containing volatiles obtained by the thermal treatment
      of the industrial broths and alkyl-mercaptopropanol was studied using flame
      photometric detector specific for sulphur. The identification of the sulphur
      containing compounds was realized using both retention indices and GLC-MS. The
      comparison of the composition of sulphur-containing flavour components of the
      industrial broth with that of its product with alkyl-mercaptopropanol was carried
      out.

PMID- 4047132
TI  - The effect of certain antibiotics on the keeping quality of bolti fish (Tilapia
      nilotica).
AB  - Fresh bolti fish (Tilapia nilotica), caught in the river Nile was immersed in 10
      and 20 ppm tetracycline (TC) solutions for 10 and 15 min respectively and in 500
      and 1000 R.U. nisin/g fish for 20 and 30 min respectively. Total volatile bases
      (TVN) showed in both fish treated with TC and nisin a slow increase at the first
      stage and after that a fast increase. There was an increase in trimethylamine
      (TMA) during the storage period, but the fish treated with TC and nisin contained
      less TMA than the control. Starting from 6 h the residual TC decreased gradually
      till the third day, when it disappeared completely. There is no change in pH
      values in both control and treated fish. Optical density (OD) of gills extract
      increased gradually as the storage period progresses. The treated fish showed
      lower OD values than the controls. The refractive index of muscle fluids and the
      OD of muscle extract showed no significant differences between the control and
      treated fish.

PMID- 4047134
TI  - Calcium and phosphorus levels as indices of textured milk proteins being
      substituted for meat proteins.
AB  - Textured milk proteins were tested in a meat model system with an exchange level
      of 34-87% of the meat proteins. The correlation between the substitution index
      and the calcium and phosphorus content was statistically significant.

PMID- 4047135
TI  - [Application of immunochemical determination methods in foreign protein analysis.
      1. Determination and identification of faba bean protein isolate by means of the
      rocket technic on cellulose acetate film and countercurrent
      immunoelectrophoresis].
AB  - The present work deals with the applicability of the Rocket technique on
      cellulose acetate film and of the countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis for
      identification or determination of faba bean protein in model foods. It was found
      that both the methods are suitable for a rapid and uncomplicated determination or
      identification of faba bean protein in not heat-denaturized food. Cross
      reactivities occur with other leguminous proteins existing in the samples,
      effects of which add with those of the faba bean protein additive if the Rocket
      technique is used. With determination of faba protein by means of the Rocket
      technique on cellulose acetate film coefficients of variation of about 20% are
      obtained.

PMID- 4047136
TI  - [Comparative investigations on the precipitation behavior of various protein
      precipitates in organs and tissues].
AB  - The differences of the non-precipitable N-quota in blood plasma, liver,
      intestine, and muscles after treatment with various precipitants reveal data on
      the height of protein precipitation in the corresponding body fraction. Organs of
      hens treated with picric acid (1%), trichloroacetic acid (10%), and
      sulphosalicylic acid were used for the protein precipitation. Because of
      contradictory literature data as to the most suitable concentration of
      sulphosalicylic acid a preliminary determination of the most favourable acid
      concentration was necessary. The application of a 5% solution of sulphosalicylic
      acid gave the highest precipitation rate depending on the analyzed organs. In the
      succession picric acid, trichloroacetic acid, and sulphosalicylic acid nitrogen
      increases in the soluble supernatant. Furthermore, dependences of the protein
      precipitation on the kind of the analyzed organs were indicated.

PMID- 4047137
TI  - Soybean seed 2-S globulins are not trypsin inhibitors.
AB  - Trypsin inhibitory activity found in 2-S soybean seed globulins is due to the
      coprecipitation of inhibitors during the isolation of globulins.

PMID- 4047138
TI  - Selection, follow-up, and analysis in prospective studies: a workshop.
      Proceedings of a conference. New York, N.Y., October 3-5, 1983.

PMID- 4047139
TI  - Selection factors in cohort studies.
AB  - Cohort studies play an important role in the quantitation of cancer risk among
      occupationally exposed individuals. Properly conducted cohort studies can develop
      important data on the age, time, and exposure dependence of cancer risk. Such
      information allows identification of possible selection effects which may be
      present and allows generalization of risk estimates to other exposure
      circumstances.

PMID- 4047140
TI  - Use of computerized record linkage in follow-up studies of cancer epidemiology in
      Canada.
AB  - Procedures involving the use of computerized record linkage and national
      mortality and cancer incidence files for follow-up purposes in cohort studies
      which have been developed in Canada during the past decade are described. The
      results of some specific studies are presented as well as the advantages and
      limitations of such methods and the desirability for future research and
      development in this area.

PMID- 4047141
TI  - Problems in classification of cancer for epidemiologic research.
AB  - In vital statistics and most epidemiologic studies, cancers have been classified
      mostly by site of origin alone. This continues to be true even though it is
      continually being demonstrated that among cancers of a site important subsets
      with different epidemiologies almost always are present. Reasons for
      epidemiologists' failure to use all the information contained in the standard
      cancer classification are explored as are problems that arise from the nature of
      the classification, from the nature of the cancers being classified, and even
      from patient characteristics that determine how much information on the cancer
      can be gathered. The solution to the problem of too little information is
      generally difficult, but pathologists can say more about the epidemiologic
      implications of their various diagnoses and epidemiologists can learn to use
      these diagnoses in their cohort and other studies.

PMID- 4047142
TI  - Rewards for cancer control with use of biologic markers and end points.
AB  - The increasing availability of biologic markers and end points offers significant
      potential for improvement in cancer control. These tools are underutilized today,
      but it is clear that they can be major assets to pathologists, clinicians,
      epidemiologists, and ultimately to programs designed for preventive or
      therapeutic intervention in populations and individuals at high cancer risk.

PMID- 4047143
TI  - Multivariate cohort analysis.
AB  - Modern methods of categorical and survival data analysis are usefully applied to
      the multivariate analysis of follow-up data that arise in epidemiologic cohort
      studies. They provide a formal basis for extending analyses based on the
      standardized mortality ratio into the multivariate domain so as to permit
      simultaneous consideration of such risk factors as age, duration, and intensity
      of exposure; age and calendar year of follow-up; and personal characteristics.
      Analogous methods are available that control for demographic variables
      internally, without reference to vital statistics or other standard rates.
      Various model structures allow for the effects of different variables to combine
      in an additive, multiplicative, or mixed (additive relative risks) fashion.
      Illustrative analyses are provided of the relationship between respiratory cancer
      mortality and arsenic exposure in a cohort of Montana smelter workers.

PMID- 4047144
TI  - Matched groups analysis method.
AB  - The matched group analysis method in prospective studies is a variation of
      matched pairs analysis with the advantage of sampling error avoided in the
      choosing of pairs of subjects. An example is shown in which comparisons are given
      of mortality in triads of cases classified by the tar and nicotine level of the
      cigarettes they smoked and matched on 10 variables. The method can also be used
      in retrospective and autopsy studies.

PMID- 4047145
TI  - Strategies for validation.
AB  - The easy-to-use statistical package has imposed a new hardship on the clinical
      researcher: too much complicated analysis. The problem is most acute in the
      interpretation of multivariate results that select a combination of several
      factors that "best" predict or explain medical outcomes. For example, these
      methods give rise to formulas that 1) weigh together the risk factors of smoking,
      blood pressure, and lipid levels as determinants of heart disease, or 2)
      construct from pathologic and clinical evidence a prognostic profile for disease
      free rectal cancer patients. To help the clinician apply these methods, we
      propose that, on request, statistical packages also produce two sets of
      calculations that validate the primary analysis: 1) a set of simple tabulations
      that show how the factors and outcomes used in the primary analysis relate to one
      another, and 2) the results of alternative analyses that show factors which every
      analysis selects, factors which only appear in the primary analysis, and those
      which tend to substitute for one another.

PMID- 4047146
TI  - Cancer risk factors in human studies.
AB  - The historical developments leading to the acceptance of the influence of dietary
      and behavioral aspects of our life-style on cancer are reviewed. However, present
      information is usually insufficient to permit description of the complex
      mechanisms involved that are unlikely to yield to classical epidemiologic
      approaches alone. Better integrated laboratory epidemiologic studies are required
      that use more advanced nonintervention techniques. Progress may be slow in the
      identification of such factors in view of the many parameters involved, the
      absence of a single predominant or avoidable cause in many cancers, and the lack
      of adequately developed laboratory techniques for epidemiologic application.

PMID- 4047147
TI  - Biologic banking in cohort studies, with special reference to blood.
AB  - Those who conduct cohort studies in cancer epidemiology increasingly use
      biochemical analyses as an important component. Some of the potentially important
      considerations when banked blood is used include the conditions and temperature
      of storage, effects of thawing, and the stability of specific substances under
      prolonged subfreezing temperatures. I have reviewed a selected number of
      biochemical substances.

PMID- 4047148
TI  - Epidemiology and the inference of cancer mechanisms.
AB  - Through the use of molecular methods and mathematical models, epidemiologists are
      contributing to the improved understanding of the mechanisms of cancer.
      Multistage models with their mechanistic basis have been useful in descriptions
      of initiator-promoter type behavior of some carcinogens as well as genetic
      predisposition to rare tumors and reproductive risk factors in breast cancer. The
      use of biochemical and molecular laboratory techniques on tissue and fluid
      samples should provide important information in the near future concerning the
      basic mechanisms of human cancer. The potential of these methods is not only to
      describe exposure to carcinogens but also to indicate various host factors and
      their relevance to the risk of cancer.

PMID- 4047149
TI  - Age at exposure versus years of exposure.
AB  - The pattern of incidence rates according to age for many forms of cancer has been
      found to be in reasonable accord with the equation or some modification of it: It
      = btk, where It is the incidence rate at age t, and b and k are constants. An
      alternative equation postulates that the risk of cancer is determined not by the
      age of a person but by the length of time exposed to a carcinogenic agent: It =
      b(t-w)k, where t-w represents the "effective exposure" between first exposure and
      clinical evidence of cancer. Mesothelioma rates in asbestos insulation workers
      were strongly related to time from onset of exposure regardless of age at first
      exposure. However, the same pattern was not evident for lung cancer mortality in
      the same workers compared with blue collar worker controls from the American
      Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study I. Lung cancer mortality by attained rates
      and by duration of smoking were shown for current smokers of cigarettes only for
      the Cancer Society study, classified by age at which they started smoking. Lung
      cancer results were also given for men who never smoked regularly.

PMID- 4047150
TI  - Selection, follow-up, and analysis in the American Cancer Society prospective
      studies.
AB  - The organization and selection characteristics of the American Cancer Society's
      prospective studies are reviewed, and problems connected with the follow-up
      procedures are discussed. Also included are descriptions of some of the features
      of analysis in cohort studies.

PMID- 4047151
TI  - Selection, follow-up, and analysis in the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission Study.
AB  - More is known about ionizing radiation as a cause of human cancer than about any
      other carcinogen. Most of this knowledge is derived from the studies conducted by
      the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission and Radiation Effects Research Foundation on
      about 100,000 Japanese survivors of the atomic bombing in 1945. The importance of
      these studies is based on the large size of the exposed population and the fact
      that individual estimates of radiation dose were possible. These factors and the
      combined excellence of the centralized vital statistics reporting and population
      registration systems in Japan have made feasible the continuing longitudinal
      studies of cancer mortality by site in relation to radiation dose over a span of
      more than 30 years. Excellent voluntary cooperation by the survivors has enabled
      the continuation of a biennial physical examination program which has made
      possible the acquisition of blood for studies of radiation-induced chromosomal
      aberrations and mutations at the level of specific genes. Similarly, with the
      cooperation of local universities, hospitals, and physicians, tumor and tissue
      registries necessary for the study of cancer incidence have been developed. An
      autopsy pathology program has enabled study of the accuracy of cause of death
      certification.

PMID- 4047152
TI  - The Framingham Study: sample selection, follow-up, and methods of analyses.
AB  - The Framingham Heart Study, begun in 1948, had a cohort of 5,209 individuals who
      have been followed for 35 years. The selection of this population and the success
      in following it through biennial clinical examinations and indirect surveillance
      for deaths and hospitalizations are described. The major techniques used in
      analysis of the Framingham data are identified.

PMID- 4047153
TI  - Selection, follow-up, and analysis in the Health Insurance Plan Study: a
      randomized trial with breast cancer screening.
AB  - Critical decisions made 20 years ago by those who planned the randomized trial at
      the Health Insurance Plan (HIP) of Greater New York to determine the efficacy of
      periodic screening for breast cancer are detailed. These decisions affected the
      age group to be screened, screening modalities, frequency of screening, sample
      size, primary measures for testing efficacy, and period of follow-up (long term).
      Results of follow-up, 16 years after entry, indicate that mortality due to breast
      cancer continues to be lower among study women than controls. Numerically, the
      differential has been stable; relatively, it has decreased. It is estimated that
      the study group would have experienced about a 30% reduction in breast cancer
      mortality if screening had been maintained. Relative case survival rates over a
      14-year period after diagnosis show changes in contours of trend lines that
      result from screening. The study group's trend is slightly concave in contrast to
      the usual convex curve for the controls. The contour of the curve is more
      decidedly concave among subjects detected through mammography alone than for
      other subgroups detected through screening, although the relative survival rate
      remains highest in the mammography only group. Uncertainty persists about effects
      of screening in the HIP study on breast cancer mortality among women aged 40-49
      years at entry.

PMID- 4047154
TI  - Underlying theory of actuarial analyses.
AB  - The developments in theory governing the calculation of mortality rates for use
      in survival measurements working through the initial basic concept of exposure to
      risk to the later introduction of stochastic elements are reviewed. I have
      indicated the way in which actuaries and statisticians who work closely with
      those in the fields of medicine and biology have, by the exchange of methodologic
      ideas, come to an identity of approach. Recent new actuarial work and likely
      future developments in actuarial interests are reviewed.

PMID- 4047155
TI  - Selection, follow-up, and analysis in the Birmingham Study.
AB  - The Birmingham, England, Cancer Registry is so organized that every case of
      cancer in its territory of 5,200,000 persons is included. This coverage allows
      the staff to detail every epidemiologic aspect of the cancer experience of a
      whole population. For example, this registry system made it possible for us not
      only to demonstrate that the Birmingham region had four times the incidence of
      scrotal cancer as another region had but to identify the locations and the
      specific practices in the workplace responsible for the excess. The result was
      the successful adoption of protective measures. Other instances are presented of
      the inestimable value of a population-based registry to cancer epidemiology.

PMID- 4047156
TI  - Selection, follow-up, and analysis in the Coke Oven Study.
AB  - The current standard for exposure to coke oven emissions sets a permissible
      exposure of 150 micrograms benzene-soluble fraction of total particulate
      matter/m3. The major epidemiologic study that formed the basis for this standard
      including a review of the evidence of a dose-response relationship between
      exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles and lung cancer is reviewed. Particular
      attention was given to the selection of the cohort, follow-up procedures, and the
      evolution of the analysis.

PMID- 4047157
TI  - Statistical and practical problems of cohort study design: occupational hazards
      in the health care industry.
AB  - Many populations are exposed to health hazards, particularly workers in the
      health care industry. Yet practical reasons make it impossible or unfeasible for
      investigators to meet the technical requirements of the cohort method. One such
      experience is detailed of hospital workers who were members of a large health
      care workers' union. Given the fact of exposure to known or suspected hazards,
      two strategies are urged: 1) projection of work toward adoption of rules
      regarding organizational settings that would make cohort investigation practical
      when necessary, and 2) development of alternate means by which work can be
      assessed when cohort analysis cannot be realistically conducted.

PMID- 4047158
TI  - DNA as a kind of solid.

PMID- 4047159
TI  - The skeleton in space.

PMID- 4047160
TI  - Haldane's rule OK, but not always.

PMID- 4047161
TI  - Identical pentapeptides with different backbones.

PMID- 4047163
TI  - What is life?

PMID- 4047162
TI  - The AIDS panic.

PMID- 4047164
TI  - Exploitation of animal mobility.

PMID- 4047165
TI  - Novel developmental specificity in the nervous system of transgenic animals
      expressing growth hormone fusion genes.
AB  - The development of methods for introducing foreign genes into the germ line of
      mice provides an approach for studying mechanisms underlying inducible and
      developmental gene regulation. Transgenic animals expressing foreign genes have
      thus been used to test models of the role played by specific DNA sequences in
      determining cell-specific expression. Results from these experiments suggest that
      tissue-specific expression is the consequence of a cis-acting regulatory
      sequence. However, these results do not exclude the possibility that cell
      specific expression of some genes might be 'coded' by combinations of regulatory
      elements. We have previously described the production of transgenic mice from
      eggs microinjected with metallothionein-I/growth hormone (MGH) fusion genes, and
      now demonstrate that the juxtaposition of sequences from two different genes can
      be deciphered by cells to generate novel tissue specificities. Although
      expression of the endogenous metallothionein and growth hormone genes has not
      been detected in neuronal cells, transgenic mice clearly express an MGH fusion
      gene in a restricted subset of neurones. These results suggest a model in which
      tissue-specific patterns of expression of certain genes are determined by
      combinations of cis-acting regulatory sequences.

PMID- 4047166
TI  - Primate research. NIH withdraws support.

PMID- 4047168
TI  - AIDS. More for research and treatment.

PMID- 4047167
TI  - Gene transcription. A pulling out of fingers.

PMID- 4047169
TI  - Disease research. Tropics still a low priority.

PMID- 4047170
TI  - Soviet psychiatry. Aiming for rehabilitation?

PMID- 4047171
TI  - Mapping hereditary disorders.

PMID- 4047172
TI  - Cycles of presence and absence of mother mouse entrain the circadian clock of
      pups.
AB  - Recent findings on neural and endocrine rhythms in infant mice and rats show that
      maternal coordination has an important role in setting the phase of the
      developing circadian clock both in the fetus and soon after birth. However, less
      information is available about the influence of the mother on activity/rest
      cycles of infants. Separation of the mother from infants in guinea pigs, monkeys
      and rats results in an increase in sleep disturbance (enhanced activity?). In
      this context it may be a common feature that during the postnatal period there is
      enhanced activity of pups during the hours when the mother is not nearby.
      Conversely, the social influences exerted by the mother while present with her
      young possibly leads to a relative rest stage. We have now tested this assumption
      in the night-active mouse Mus booduga. Our study addressed the postulate that the
      circadian activity/rest cycles of the pups are controlled by cyclic(?) presence
      and absence of the mother. The results reported here clearly indicate that the
      circadian locomotor activity of pups kept under continuous illumination or
      continuous darkness do entrain them to a regime of imposed 12:12-h cyclic
      presence and absence of the mother. The characteristics of this entrainment
      confer on the mother mouse the role of zeitgeber.

PMID- 4047173
TI  - A Drosophila Minute gene encodes a ribosomal protein.
AB  - Minute genes have long constituted a special problem in Drosophila genetics. For
      at least 50-60 different genes scattered throughout the genome, dominant
      mutations and/or deficiencies have been recognized which result in a common
      phenotype consisting of short thin bristles, slow development, reduced viability,
      rough eyes, small body size and etched tergites. Schultz proposed that the Minute
      loci encode similar but separate functions involved in growth and division common
      to all cells. Atwood and Ritossa suggested that Minute loci encode components of
      the protein synthetic machinery, specifically the transfer RNA genes; this now
      seems unlikely on grounds of both mapping and mutability studies. More recently,
      we and others suggested that the Minute loci are ribosomal protein genes. We
      report here that transformation with a cloned 3.3-kilobase (kb) region containing
      the gene encoding the large subunit ribosomal protein 49 (rp49) suppresses the
      dominant phenotypes of Minute (3)99D, a previously undescribed Minute associated
      with a chromosomal deficiency of the 99D interval. This activity is specific to
      the 99D Minute as it does not suppress other Minute loci elsewhere in the genome.
      This result provides direct evidence that the Minute locus at the 99D interval
      encodes the ribosomal protein 49.

PMID- 4047174
TI  - Coding of call components essential for intraspecific communication through
      auditory neurons in the squirrel monkey.

PMID- 4047175
TI  - Increased mutant induction by very low dose-rate gamma-irradiation.

PMID- 4047176
TI  - Electro-acoustic fusion of cells.

PMID- 4047177
TI  - [Regulation of blood coagulation].
AB  - The patency of the vascular tree as well as thrombus formation are achieved by
      the interactions of several components of the circulating blood and the vessel
      wall. Circulating glycoproteins (coagulation factors), cellular elements of the
      blood (platelets), the fibrinolytic system, the endothelium of the vasculature
      and inhibitors that are present in the blood stream are involved in the
      maintainance of the subtle balance between anti-coagulant and pro-coagulant
      forces. Regulation of the activity of thrombin represents a key event in this
      process.

PMID- 4047178
TI  - Treatment of haemodynamic and electrocardiographic side-effects resulting from
      imipramine toxicity in rats and dogs.
AB  - This study was designed to analyze the effects of carbocromene and dipyridamole
      on the haemodynamic and electrocardiographic side-effects resulting from
      imipramine infusion in anaesthetised rats and dogs. Imipramine was infused at 1
      mg/kg/min until cardiac failure and vascular collapse terminated the experiment
      at 21 +/- 2.3 min in rats and at 29.5 +/- 2.1 min in dogs. This was characterized
      by hypotension, bradycardia, intraventricular conduction delay, cardiac
      tachyarrhythmia and A-V block. Carbocromene (4 mg/kg i.v., followed by 80
      micrograms/kg/min) protected the animals against heart failure. This was
      associated with delayed hypotension and negative inotropy, and lower incidence of
      heart block. Survival time increased to 37 +/- 1.5 min (P less than 0.05), and
      54.2 +/- 2.6 min (P less than 0.02) in rats and dogs, respectively. Dipyridamole
      (0.5 mg/kg i.v., followed by 80 micrograms/kg/min) failed to decrease imipramine
      toxicity as judged by the haemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters and
      did not alter survival time of imipramine controls. These results suggest that
      carbocromene is an effective treatment for imipramine-induced cardiovascular
      collapse and cardiac arrhythmias, the beneficial effects being largely due to
      metabolic and membrane stabilizing effects. Carbocromene has both therapeutic and
      prophylactic value and appears to be superior to dipyridamole therapy.

PMID- 4047179
TI  - Effects of morphine and naloxone on thresholds of ventral tegmental electrical
      self-stimulation.
AB  - The involvement of opioid systems in self-stimulation reward was investigated by
      studying the effects of the opioid antagonist naloxone (10 mg/kg s.c.) and graded
      doses of morphine (0.3-5.0 mg/kg s.c.) on intracranial electrical self
      stimulation (ICSS) in rats with electrodes in the ventral tegmental area. Lever
      pressing for ICSS was analyzed using three different procedures: determination of
      response rate i.e. the number of responses to high and threshold currents,
      measuring threshold current when response rate was kept low and relatively
      constant, determination of 'behavioural' threshold using a two-lever procedure in
      which a response on one lever resulted in a reset of the decreasing current to a
      high current contingent on a response to the other lever. It was found that low
      doses of morphine increased the response rate of ICSS behaviour and decreased the
      threshold whereas the higher doses decreased the response rate but also decreased
      the threshold current when measured with a rate insensitive procedure. Naloxone
      raised the threshold for ICSS and caused a corresponding decrease of response
      rate. In a second series of experiments in which the behaviour of rats which had
      been tested in one procedure was analysed using one of the other methods, it was
      observed that naloxone caused smaller changes, while the effects of morphine were
      at least comparable to those observed in the first series of experiments. The
      present data suggest that response rate insensitive procedures to analyse ICSS
      should be preferred to response rate sensitive ones, especially when the
      interaction of depressant drugs such as morphine with reward mechanisms is
      investigated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4047180
TI  - Antinociceptive action of tizanidine in mice and rats.
AB  - The antinociceptive action of tizanidine [5-chloro-(2-imidazolin-2-yl-amino)
      2,1,3-benzothiadiazole], a centrally acting muscle relaxant, was evaluated after
      subcutaneous or peroral administration in mice and rats. Tizanidine strongly
      inhibited the writhing response induced by acetic acid, phenyl-p-benzoquinone and
      acetylcholine in mice, and its potency was found to be greater than that of
      morphine. Tizanidine showed antinociceptive action like morphine not only in tail
      pressure and electrical stimulation tests in mice but also in tail-flick tests in
      mice and rats. The antinociceptive action of tizanidine was unaffected by
      pretreatment with naloxone. These findings suggest that tizanidine develops
      relatively strong antinociceptive action by a nonopioid mechanism.

PMID- 4047181
TI  - ["Capers"].

PMID- 4047182
TI  - [Are video display terminals really harmless?].

PMID- 4047183
TI  - [Morbidity of patients with cardiovascular disorders undergoing non-cardiac
      surgery].

PMID- 4047184
TI  - [Blood hemoglobin levels in pregnancy].

PMID- 4047185
TI  - [Atrioventricular node function versus heart size from mouse to whale].

PMID- 4047186
TI  - [Vaccination against influenza].

PMID- 4047188
TI  - [Current indications for electroconvulsive therapy].

PMID- 4047187
TI  - [Risks of the IUD].

PMID- 4047189
TI  - [The yellow peril].

PMID- 4047190
TI  - [Statistics on the cause of death].

PMID- 4047191
TI  - [The certificate for the documentation of cause of death].

PMID- 4047192
TI  - [Tampon disease without tampons; toxic shock syndrome in childhood].

PMID- 4047194
TI  - [Diethylene glycol in wine].

PMID- 4047193
TI  - [A fatal case of "tampon disease"].

PMID- 4047195
TI  - [Registered patients with infectious diseases in 1984].

PMID- 4047196
TI  - [Rehabilitation of patients following replantation, revascularization or
      extensive reconstruction of parts of the arm].

PMID- 4047197
TI  - [Pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle].

PMID- 4047198
TI  - [Results of day treatment of patients with CARA].

PMID- 4047199
TI  - [Treatment of a renal artery occluded by an embolism with low-dose
      streptokinase].

PMID- 4047200
TI  - [Pseudolymphoma of the stomach].

PMID- 4047201
TI  - [Infrared coagulation].

PMID- 4047202
TI  - [Disregard of the early anamnesis].

PMID- 4047203
TI  - [Looking back in bewilderment].

PMID- 4047204
TI  - [Referral and consultation by the physician in problems of war victims].

PMID- 4047205
TI  - [No man's land as home country].

PMID- 4047206
TI  - [Unknown is unrecognized].

PMID- 4047207
TI  - [Are monoamine oxidase inhibitors coming back?].

PMID- 4047208
TI  - [The family physician and information processing].

PMID- 4047209
TI  - [Sperm analysis following vasectomy: when to perform a revasectomy?].

PMID- 4047210
TI  - [Coping with mourning and support at the death of a newborn infant].

PMID- 4047211
TI  - [Possibilities of radiotherapy in the treatment of desmoid tumors].

PMID- 4047212
TI  - [The treatment of juvenile bone cysts with intracavitary injections of
      methylprednisolone acetate].

PMID- 4047213
TI  - [General malaise, high fever and arthralgia as a rare side effect of
      azathioprine].

PMID- 4047214
TI  - [Smoking in pregnancy and developmental results; various facts concerning the
      Dutch situation].

PMID- 4047215
TI  - [Stress incontinence in women; results of the Stamey-Pereyra surgical method of
      treatment].

PMID- 4047216
TI  - [Pain in the abdomen and nocturnal sweating, a singular combination].

PMID- 4047217
TI  - [Cognitive deterioration in the early stage of multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 4047218
TI  - [Teratogenicity of chemical agents; a recommendation of the Public Health
      Council].

PMID- 4047219
TI  - [Multiple sclerosis and pregnancy].

PMID- 4047220
TI  - [Spastic pelvic floor syndrome, a cause of constipation].

PMID- 4047222
TI  - [A patient with hypercalcemia].

PMID- 4047223
TI  - [Health care with a profit goal].

PMID- 4047221
TI  - [Atactic hemiparesis and dysarthria-clumsy hand, 2 related syndromes caused by a
      lacunar brain infarct].

PMID- 4047224
TI  - [A boy with a heart murmur].

PMID- 4047225
TI  - [Liver metastases].

PMID- 4047226
TI  - [Policy for patients with a class IIIA cervical smear, mild dysplasia].

PMID- 4047227
TI  - [Initial Dutch experiences with early pregnancy interruption using the
      antiprogesterone agent mifepriston].

PMID- 4047228
TI  - [Ischemia of the optic nerve papilla].

PMID- 4047229
TI  - [A case of listeriosis in the 33d week of pregnancy].

PMID- 4047230
TI  - [A child with progressive pulmonary insufficiency].

PMID- 4047231
TI  - Secondary amenorrhea in the female athlete.

PMID- 4047232
TI  - Presenting problem and depression in a rural family practice.

PMID- 4047233
TI  - A case-control study of diabetic end-stage renal disease in Nebraska.

PMID- 4047234
TI  - Explosion dorsiflexion fracture-dislocation of the ankle--an indication for
      closed functional traction treatment.

PMID- 4047235
TI  - Use of intestinal segments in urology.

PMID- 4047236
TI  - Voice restoration following total laryngectomy.

PMID- 4047237
TI  - Diuretic-induced hypokalemia: a possible cause of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

PMID- 4047238
TI  - The influence of lactation consultant contact on breastfeeding duration in a low
      income population.

PMID- 4047239
TI  - [Slow electrical potentials arising after the initial response in the
      somatosensory cortex of the brain of the cat upon stimulation of the
      ventroposterolateral nucleus of the thalamus].
AB  - Experiments were carried out on cats under pentobarbital anaesthesia. A single
      electrical stimulus applied to the VPL nucleus evoked in g. sigmoideus posterior
      a primary response, followed by delayed negative wave and slow negativity.
      Generation of these potentials was accompanied by three spike-like deflections in
      the subcortical white matter. The delayed negative wave was generated in the
      middle layers of the cortex and was not reflected on its surface. The slow
      negativity correlated with a transient increase in extracellular potassium
      concentration. It is suggested that the delayed negative wave reflects the
      excitation of stellate cells, slow negativity--mainly glial depolarization. The
      generation of three mentioned responses is connected with the arrival of
      excitation to the cortex via three systems of afferent fibres projecting from the
      VPL nucleus to the somatosensory cortex.

PMID- 4047241
TI  - [Regeneration of neurons of the pedal ganglion of the pteropodal mollusk Clione
      limacina].
AB  - In pedal ganglia of mollusc Clione limacina the growth of axons was studied in
      motoneurons and interneurons after transections of the wing nerve or of the pedal
      comissure. Neurons were stained by Lucifer Yellow. In motoneurons, neurites grown
      both from the transected end of the axon and from the neuron soma spread to all
      nerve trunks of ipsi- and contralateral ganglia. After nerve transection in the
      whole mollusc, wing movements restored 10 days later. In interneurons, neurites
      branched within the pedal ganglion or spread into cerebral ganglia but they did
      not extend out peripheral nerve trunks. Thus, the patterns of neurite sprouting
      in moto- and interneurons are different.

PMID- 4047240
TI  - [Structure of the background neuronal activity in thin slices of guinea pig
      neocortex].
AB  - Background neuronal discharges were recorded extracellularly in guinea-pig
      cerebral cortex slices maintained in vitro. Six types of activity were
      classified: 1--regular single discharges (38.5%), 2--irregular spikes (6.5%), 3-
      bursts (6.5%), 4--burst-single discharge (mixed) activity (26.5%), 5--group
      discharges (2.5%), 6--multineuronal volleys (18.5%). Characteristic distributions
      of interspike intervals and autocorrelograms corresponded to each of these types
      of activity. Regular pacemaker-type discharges were most peculiar under
      conditions of small volumes of the grey matter and lack of afferentation. Such
      regular activity was never observed in normal or isolated neocortex.

PMID- 4047242
TI  - [Asymmetry in the structure of average and large neurons of the ganglion layer of
      the frog retina].
AB  - Morphometric analysis of the symmetry of middle and large ganglionic cells was
      performed on silver-impregnated retinal wholemounts of the frog. The nucleolus
      and the axis passing through the nucleolus in direction to optic disk were chosen
      as elements of symmetry characterizing the radial symmetry and bilateral one,
      respectively. It is demonstrated that the dendritic ramification angles of all
      cell types are smaller than 360 degrees and the angles of middle-type-GC are
      smaller than 180 degrees. In addition, their somata do not lie in the centre of
      the dendritic field, thus ganglionic cells have no radial symmetry. Directions of
      the axon and dendrites are opposite each other in the most of ganglionic cells,
      the terminals of dendrites being oriented from retinal centre to periphery in all
      quadrants of the retinal map. For estimation of bilateral symmetry the distance
      from the greatest remoted dendritic terminals to cell axis on the left and on the
      right from it was measured. Besides, the numbers of ramification knots and basal
      dendrites were counted. Most of ganglionic cells are asymmetrical in 2-3
      mentioned structural parameters. Thus, the asymmetry in the structure of frog
      retinal neurons is rather norm than exception. Correlation between the asymmetry
      in ganglionic cell structure and functional asymmetry of their receptive fields
      is discussed.

PMID- 4047243
TI  - [Reflection of the effect of release from masking in the activity of neurons of
      the inferior colliculus in the cat].
AB  - The purpose of the study was to reveal binaural release from masking in responses
      of single units in the inferior colliculus of anesthetized cat. With cophasic and
      antiphasic click trains having varying interaural delay and serving as signals it
      was found that the responses of neurons with low characteristic frequency (up to
      2.6 kHz) were related primarily to the interaural phase shift of the spectrum
      component with characteristic frequency. Differences between response masking
      levels created by cophasic and antiphasic wide-band noises were associated with
      interaural phase sensitive characteristics of units. Possible neurophysiological
      mechanisms underlying the effect of release from masking are suggested.

PMID- 4047244
TI  - [Dynamics of the efferent regulation of muscle contraction. Analysis of
      transition processes: frequency of efferent stimulation--muscle length].
AB  - Transition processes of the length changes were studied in the ankle extensors of
      anesthetized cats. The processes were evoked under isotonical conditions by step
      changes in frequency of distribution stimulation of the efferents supplying these
      muscles. The system dynamics was essentially nonlinear because the time constants
      of the processes were dependent on amplitudes and sign of the input signal. The
      time constants abruptly decreased when the sign of the length changes alternated
      from minus to plus and continuously decreased when amplitude of the transition
      process rose in the absolute value. The time constants for the transition
      processes were 1.15 +/- 0.09 s for soleus shortening and 0.40 +/- 0.07 s for its
      lengthening. The same parameters in fast muscles were 0.51 +/- 0.085 for
      shortening and 0.21 +/- 0.04 s for lengthening. These time constants are very
      close to the parameters of the transition processes: external load-muscles
      length. The observed properties of the muscles are discussed for their functional
      significance.

PMID- 4047245
TI  - [Activity of neurons of the motor cortex of the cat during inhibition of a
      postural change conditioned reflex].
AB  - Spike reactions were recorded from motor cortex neurons in cats in the forelimb
      projection area during external and internal inhibition of the conditioned
      postural adjustment (transfer of the body weight) of the same limb. Spike
      responses evoked by external stimulation were of the same character as the
      responses during conditioned stimulation. As a rule, they were determined by the
      state of the animal and its habituation to the applied stimulus. Duration of the
      responses during external stimulation was shorter in trained cats than in
      untrained ones. Late after-discharges of units and associated conditioned
      movements disappeared simultaneously during external and internal inhibition.
      Sometimes the external stimuli were able to depress after-discharges even when
      the conditioned movements appeared. External stimuli of various modalities
      inhibited the reflex in different manners. The changes of spike reactions during
      conditioned posture adjustment resembled those during well learned local
      conditioned events.

PMID- 4047246
TI  - [Efferent connections of the caudate nucleus of the cat studied using retrograde
      axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase].
AB  - The origin of descending efferent pathways from the caudate nucleus was studied
      by retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. Widespread topically
      organized projections were observed to the paleostriatum and the substantia nigra
      and less numerous to the thalamus. The main source of these projections were
      small and medium-size cells. A particular role of the subthalamic nucleus in the
      descending efferent system of the caudate nucleus is pointed out: this nucleus
      besides projections to the caudate nucleus itself possesses direct connections
      with principal output structures of the latter--the the paleostriatum and
      substantia nigra.

PMID- 4047247
TI  - [Mechanism of sympathetic modulation of the activity of cutaneous receptors (with
      Adelta-fibers)].
AB  - The afferent flow in A delta-fibres was studied in acute experiments on cats. A
      decrease in the number of fibres was registered 5s and 35s after excitation of
      sympathetic efferents. Analogous changes in the afferent flow were observed when
      adequate excitations were provided by stretching and cooling of skin. The
      obtained results show that for the first 30s of sympathetic influence its effect
      on the afferent flow is due to a change in the mechanic state of tissues
      surrounding the receptors.

PMID- 4047248
TI  - [Quantitative morphologic characteristics of neurons of the sensory nuclei of the
      trigeminal nerve developing after partial deafferentation].
AB  - Five types of neurons were studied in the sensory nuclei of the trigeminal nerve
      stained by the Golgi method in kittens aged 30 days with bilateral transection of
      the lingual branches of trigeminal nerve made on the fifth postnatal day. Partial
      deafferentation resulted in changes of dendrite apparatus of reticular,
      arborescent and bushy neurons (68.61 and 48% of neurons changed). Short-dendritic
      cells changed slightly. The multipolar giant neurons underwent practically no
      changes. All the changes could be divided into two groups: destructive changes
      and constructive changes. The destructive changes consisted in the decrease of
      cell body sizes, number, length and ramification of dendrites and constructive
      changes--in the increase of these parameters. Various types of trigeminal neurons
      responded to deafferentiation in different ways. Bushy neurons displayed mainly
      destructive changes and reticular and arborescent neurons--both destructive and
      constructive ones.

PMID- 4047249
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of response of neurons of the caudate nucleus to
      different sensory stimuli in awake cats].
AB  - Extracellular responses of caudate neurons to light slits of various orientations
      and to clicks have been studied in awake cats. Neurons with specific reaction to
      particular orientation of the slit could change the response pattern when clicks
      were applied. The latencies of visual and auditory responses of the same caudate
      neurons could also differ significantly. Most of such cells were distributed in
      the body of the caudate nucleus. The possibility of participation of caudate
      neurons in analysis of visual information is discussed.

PMID- 4047250
TI  - [Short-latency responses of neurons of the striate system of the brain to sensory
      activation].
AB  - Experiments were carried out on awake cats to study responses of caudate neurons
      to different afferent stimuli (visual, auditory, somatic and direct electrical
      stimulation of medial geniculate body). Mean response latencies varied within 15
      55 ms with the maximum value to 200 ms. At the same time 1-10% of cells responded
      with short latency to all applied stimuli. Significance of short-latency sensory
      responses in comprehension of principles of sensory processing in non-specific
      subcortical structures is discussed.

PMID- 4047251
TI  - A simple technique for cell surface radioactive labeling of human and animal
      neoplastic cells: reductive methylation with formaldehyde and tritiated
      borohydride.
AB  - Avian sarcoma virus-, or 3,4-benzopyrene-transformed cultured rat cells and human
      leukemia or lymphoblastoid cell lines were radiolabeled by reductive methylation
      with formaldehyde and tritiated sodium borohydride--an application of a known
      technique for radiolabeling of soluble proteins. Optimal conditions for tritium
      incorporation into cell proteins with the aid of this technique were ascertained.
      Analysis of cell proteins tritium radiolabeled with the aid of this technique by
      acrylamide electrophoresis or by two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis allowed
      to disclose typical transformation-associated alterations in oncovirus-, or
      chemical carcinogen-transformed cells, as well as cell type-associated protein
      patterns in examined lymphoid cell lines. An individual protein (class II MHC
      antigen) radiolabeled by this technique has been identified as bimolecular
      complex p30,35 by immunoprecipitation with a monoclonal antibody recognizing this
      antigen; electrophoretic properties of immunoprecipitated antigen were identical
      to those observed after immunoprecipitation of the same antigen radiolabeled by
      sodium periodate/tritiated borohydride glycoprotein radiolabeling.

PMID- 4047252
TI  - The effect of zinc on mouse melanoma growth in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - The effect of Zn2+ on mouse melanoma growth in vitro and in vivo was studied.
      Under in vitro conditions the proliferation of a Cloudman mouse melanoma cell
      line was inhibited by zinc ions at 10(-4) M, as measured by 3H-thymidine
      incorporation and optical density of NaOH cell digests. However, in vivo it was
      not possible to suppress both B16 and Cloudman S91 melanoma growth in mice by the
      administration of zinc ions. There were no significant differences in tumor
      growth after subcutaneous inoculation between mice constantly receiving 0.1% zinc
      acetate or 0.05% zinc sulphate in their drinking water and control groups, nor
      was it possible to decrease the number of lung metastases by zinc treatment after
      intravenous inoculation of tumor cells. The increased dietary supply of Zn failed
      to influence the survival time of mice in both melanoma types studied.
      Preincubation in vitro of cell suspensions in 10(-3) M zinc acetate prior to
      injection inhibited melanoma development in vivo. This implies that the in vivo
      zinc levels did not reach the necessary cytotoxic concentration.

PMID- 4047253
TI  - The use of protein as a carrier of methotrexate for experimental cancer
      chemotherapy. I. Preparation of pea seed lectin-methotrexate derivative and the
      preliminary experiments.
AB  - A method of preparation of pea seed lectin-methotrexate derivative by means of
      hydroxy-succinimide ester of methotrexate was elaborated. Five moles of
      methotrexate was bound to one lectin mole on the average as verified by analysis.
      For the distribution study lectin was labeled with 131I. Labeled lectin was
      administered intravenously to Yoshida sarcoma bearing rats and its distribution
      in the organism was monitored. After 24 hours the labeled lectin was entrapped
      predominantly in the reticuloendothelial system but after 48 and 72 hours the
      accumulation was seen also in thyroid, urinary bladder and tumor (1/4 cases
      only). The discrepancy in distribution of lectin in the tumor has been discussed.

PMID- 4047254
TI  - Effect of BCNU, administered to pregnant female rats, on morphology and
      histochemistry of brain neurocytes in the progeny.
AB  - For evaluation of neurotoxicity of 1,3-bis[2-chloroethyl]-1-nitrosourea (BCNU)
      effects of the compound were examined on histoenzymatic activity of some
      phosphatases and esterases and on karyometry and DNA cytophotometry in brain
      neurocytes of the progeny of mothers who had been given the drug during
      pregnancy. The studies were performed on young, 14 and 28 days old rats of Wistar
      strain originating from mothers given intraperitoneal BCNU injections on the 12th
      and 18th day of pregnancy. Material of the studies included neurocytes of frontal
      cortex, parietal cortex and of trigeminal nerve nucleus in which enzymatic
      activities of some phosphatases and esterases were estimated and which were
      subjected to karyometric and DNA cytophotometric measurements, using Morphoquant
      automated microscopic image analyzer (VEB Carl Zeiss, Jena). The experiments
      documented decreased nonspecific esterase and ATPase activities and increased
      activities of acetylcholinesterase, cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase and acid
      phosphatase in neurocytes of experimental animals, as compared to control animals
      of the corresponding age. The changes were noted both in 14 and 28 days old
      animals. Changes in thiamine pyrophosphate phosphohydrolase (TTPase) enzymatic
      activity were of different type in dependence upon age of the animals (increased
      activity in 28 days old rats, decreased activity in 14 days old rats). In animals
      subjected to BCNU action in fetal life several karyo- and cytophotometric changes
      were noted also: circumference and area of cell nuclei cross-sections were
      decreased, cell nuclei became more round, relative DNA content of cell nuclei
      increased with parallel increases in compactness and concentration of nuclear
      chromatin. Karyometric changes showed similar character in both age groups while
      changes in DNA cytophotometry were more evident in 14 days old rats.

PMID- 4047255
TI  - Enhancing effect of quercetin on 3-methylcholanthrene carcinogenesis in C57Bl/6
      mice.
AB  - We investigated the effect of quercetin on 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA)
      carcinogenesis in C57Bl/6 mice. We found that quercetin itself was not
      carcinogenic when administered i.m., even at a dose of 20 mg, throughout an
      observation period of 420 days. An i.m. administration of various doses of
      quercetin admixed with 1.0 mg of MCA, however, significantly shortened the mean
      latency periods for the development of local primary tumors compared with those
      of the group which had been given MCA alone. The shortening of latency periods
      was also found in the experiments using 0.1 mg of MCA after the administration of
      quercetin either admixed with MCA or fed with a diet containing it. Moreover,
      lung metastasis increased in mice given the mixture of MCA (0.1 mg) and quercetin
      compared with its occurrence in mice given MCA alone. A simultaneous
      administration of MCA and quercetin significantly increased the in vivo sister
      chromatid exchanges (SCE) formation of bone marrow cells when compared with its
      occurrence in the group given MCA alone. These results suggest that quercetin has
      an enhancing effect on MCA carcinogenesis and that this enhancement may be
      associated with such a genetic effect as an increased mutation rate in the host.

PMID- 4047256
TI  - Immune response of mice to sarcoma I allograft studied by adoptive transfers of
      spleen, thymus, and lymph node cells to secondary recipients.
AB  - Thymus, spleen, and lymph node cells from different periods of Sarcoma I
      allograft development in untreated (Sa I) or xenogeneic antithymocyte serum
      treated (ATS-Sa I) B10 mice were adoptively transferred to secondary B10
      recipients. While in sublethally (4.3 Gy) irradiated recipient mice the tumor
      destructing activity was predominantly expressed, in untreated recipients of
      transferred cells it was mostly the tumor enhancing activity. Therefore, in
      further studies directed at the detection of tumor enhancing activity, the
      adoptive transfers were only performed in untreated recipients. Thymus cells both
      of Sa I and ATS-Sa I mice showed a tumor enhancing activity all through the
      followed period, with a peak between days 7 and 21, then it decreased. Also the
      spleen cells of both groups had a tumor enhancing effect all the time, with a
      peak of activity on day 7. Spleen and thymus cells of progressors enhanced the
      tumor growth slightly more strongly than did those of the regressors. The tumor
      enhancing activity of spleen cells was in the beginning period confined mainly to
      the polystyrene nonadherent fraction of cells, at later times, in the progressors
      it was manifested in the adherent as well as in the nonadherent fractions. In the
      population of lymph node cells, at the start of tumor regression (in Sa I mice on
      day 7, in ATS-Sa I mice on day 14), a tumor destructing activity was observed. In
      both groups this activity was at later times followed by a tumor enhancing
      activity. The interpretation of the tumor enhancing activity of thymus and spleen
      cells of Sa I and ATS-Sa I mice is complicated by the tumor enhancing activity of
      cells of normal mice without tumor (N).

PMID- 4047257
TI  - Study of the role of steroid receptors in human breast cancer.
AB  - Cytoplasmic estrogen receptors (ER) were studied in 200 female patients with
      primary breast cancer. Both ER and progesterone receptors (PgR) were studied in
      38 patients. Of the 200 tumors, 55% were estrogen receptor-positive, of the 38
      tumors, 34.2% were progesterone receptor-positive. The level of steroid receptors
      was compared with some parameters characterizing the host and the tumor. It was
      found that the level of ER correlated with the age factors and the menstrual
      status. The level of ER was higher in women with adrenal or involutive
      pathogenetic forms of breast cancer and in women with great body weight. There
      was not found any relation between the level of estrogen receptors and the stage
      of menstrual cycle as well as between the level of estrogen receptors and the
      content of sex chromatin in the tumors.

PMID- 4047258
TI  - Prognostic significance of stratification systems in multiple myeloma. I. Risk
      categories (good and poor risk).
AB  - A group of 193 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) consisting of cases treated
      only symptomatically or by nonsystematic therapy with Cyclophosphamide or
      Melphalan (1959-76), and of patients given systematic polychemotherapy with
      intensive supportive treatment (1976-84) were subjected to prognostic analysis of
      the importance of MM stratification into two categories, poor and good risk. The
      evaluation included only hitherto untreated patients with MM of the IgG, IgA, and
      Bence-Jones' types. All the three evaluated stratification systems (ALGB, NCI
      SECSG and CALGB) were found in the present study to show a good, equally
      significant relation to the prognosis of the disease. The survival median of poor
      risk patients in terms of the used classification system for the 1959-76 subgroup
      was 5-6 months, for the 1976-84 subgroup 20-22 months. In the good risk category
      it was 24-27 months in the 1959-76 subgroup and 47-50 months in the 1976-84
      subgroup. Permanent validity of the initial prognosis and in the poor risk
      category safe coverage of patients with a high risk of early death was proved.
      Good agreement of the studied stratification systems with the clinical staging
      system of Durie and Salmon [14] (most of the Stage III patients consisted of poor
      risk patients) was recorded, which, however, was not the case with the staging
      system of Merlini, Waldenstrom and Jayakar [27]. The CALGB system is considered
      the most suited to the needs of clinical practice.

PMID- 4047259
TI  - Prognostic significance of stratification systems in multiple myeloma. II.
      Clinical staging systems.
AB  - A group of 193 multiple myeloma (MM) patients consisting of cases treated only
      symptomatically (1959-63) or by nonsystematic monotherapy with Cyclophosphamide
      or Melphalan (1963-76) and of a subgroup given systematic polychemotherapy and
      intensive supportive treatment (1976-84) were evaluated for the practical
      applicability and prognostic relevance of three staging systems. The clinical
      staging system of Durie and Salmon and the quantitative system of Salmon and
      Wampler have proved in both subgroups of various periods and with different
      therapeutic approaches to be well applicable in the clinic allowing the patients
      to be divided into three prognostically different groups according to the size of
      the tumor mass. Merlini, Waldenstrom and Jayakar's staging system has likewise
      shown relationship to prognosis though the patients could be divided only into
      two prognostically different groups. It is evident that a deeper knowledge of MM
      requires nowadays a more comprehensive, complex and prognostically more relevant
      classification system.

PMID- 4047260
TI  - Secondary tumors in cancer patients after therapy.
AB  - Forty-five thousand three hundred thirteen patients treated in our Institute
      during the period 1949-1982 were retrospectively analyzed in regard to the
      appearance of secondary tumors after therapy. Eighty-seven (0.19%) tumors were
      found, 71 (81.6%) being secondary and 16 (18.4%) simultaneous. Fifty-one (71.8%)
      tumors were lymphoid, 20 (28.1%) nonlymphoid. Thirty-seven (52.1%) tumors
      appeared after radiotherapy, 13 (18.3%) after chemotherapy alone. Secondary
      tumors appeared mostly after 6 years. The prevalence of lymphoid secondary tumors
      may be explained as a compensatory proliferation of surviving cells progressing
      to neoplasia. Cytostatics and ionizing radiation as both the initiators and the
      promoters of malignancy, have besides person's susceptibility a triggering
      function. From these aspects before any treatment is started all possible
      carcinogenic factors should be taken into consideration and less carcinogenic
      procedures with keeping up a full effectiveness should be chosen.

PMID- 4047261
TI  - High-dose metoclopramide in the treatment of cis-platinum induced emesis. A dose
      finding study.
AB  - In 92 patients receiving 270 cytostatic courses which all included cis-platinum,
      the antiemetic efficacy of medium- or high-dose metoclopramide was investigated.
      Metoclopramide was given intravenously 4 times during a 6-hour period (1/2 h
      before and 1 1/2, 3 1/2 and 5 1/2 h after cytostatic treatment) in a total dose
      of 1, 2, 4, 6, or 8 mg/kg. Nausea, emetic episodes, and side effects were
      registered during 24 h. The 1 mg/kg dose was given in 20 courses for which the
      average of emetic episodes was 16. In the four higher dosed groups the averages
      were 8, 8, 5, and 6, respectively. The average number of emetic episodes was
      significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in the 1 mg/kg metoclopramide group than
      in the 250 higher dosed courses. The frequency of side effects seemed independent
      of the dose in the interval 2-8 mg/kg while diarrhoea and other side effects
      tended to be less frequent in the 1 mg/kg metoclopramide group. Since antiemetic
      effect of metoclopramide in the dose interval 2-8 mg/kg did not increase with the
      dose, it is recommended to treat cis-platinum-induced emesis with 2 mg/kg
      metoclopramide given intravenously as 4 doses during a 6-hour period.

PMID- 4047262
TI  - Is there an increased risk of colorectal cancer after cholecystectomy?
AB  - The incidence of cholecystectomy was not higher in 525 colorectal cancer patients
      than in subjects without colorectal cancer of the same age and sex living in the
      same region. If we did not include the persons who underwent cholecystectomy 1 or
      2 years before the diagnosis or the examination was made, the number of
      cholecystectomy patients was the same in both groups. Right-sided and left-sided
      localizations of colon cancer after cholecystectomy did not differ from those
      without cholecystectomy. The tendency to right-sided colon cancer in women who
      have undergone cholecystectomy was not significant. Patients after
      cholecystectomy have no higher risk of colorectal cancer than persons without
      cholecystectomy.

PMID- 4047263
TI  - Bromide intoxication and pseudohyperchloraemia.

PMID- 4047264
TI  - Minimal change nephropathy and interstitial nephritis associated with diclofenac.

PMID- 4047265
TI  - Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver. Report of a case and review of the
      literature.

PMID- 4047266
TI  - Adjuvant chemotherapy for cancer patients, ally or blind alley?

PMID- 4047267
TI  - Thyroglobulin measurement in thyroid cancer.

PMID- 4047268
TI  - Thyroglobulin measurements in the follow-up of patients with differentiated
      thyroid carcinoma: comparison with quantitative radioactive iodine uptake
      measurements and total body scans.

PMID- 4047269
TI  - Partial ileal bypass surgery in the treatment of familial hypercholesterolaemia.
      Report of two cases.

PMID- 4047270
TI  - Hypercalcaemia associated with plasma infusion therapy for thrombotic
      thrombocytopenic purpura and haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Report of two cases.

PMID- 4047271
TI  - Calcium balance in uremia: longitudinal study of long-term survivors.
AB  - Twelve male patients surviving uremia of 9-15 years duration were studied
      sequentially over a mean period of 9.2 years. Radiographs, bone biopsies, bone
      mineral mass (BMM) measured by photon absorptiometry, and total body calcium
      (TBC) determined by in vivo neutron activation analysis (NAA) were used.
      Pathologic fractures correlated with TBC corrected for height: 4 of 5 patients
      without fractures had TBC above 80% predicted, whereas 5 of 7 patients with
      fractures fell below this value. Unlike previous studies, negative calcium
      balance was seen in 3 patients with prolonged hyperparathyroidism. Though soft
      tissue calcification occurred in 6 patients, only 1 with massive shoulder
      calcification had an increase in TBC; this drawback of NAA has been previously
      overemphasized. Moreover, radial BMM also increased in 2 patients due to soft
      tissue calcification. When viewed at a single point in time, nearly all patients
      fell within the wide normal limits of BMM vs TBC. However, 6 patients with
      variable bone histology studied sequentially over a mean of 8.5 years showed
      significant preferential loss of radial bone mass compared to TBC. Aluminium
      retention did not influence calcium balance in these subjects.

PMID- 4047272
TI  - Must patients over 65 be haemodialysed?
AB  - This manuscript consists of a study of the results of 26 end stage renal failure
      (ESRF) patients, who commenced regular haemodialysis treatment (RHDT) from the
      age of 65 onwards (65-85) and who have been undergoing this treatment for periods
      ranging from 7 years to 3 months. These results are to be compared with those
      obtained from another group of 26 patients whose age ranged between 40 and 55 and
      who were treated with the same policy. The following parameters are compared:
      mortality, morbidity, life-style, cardiovascular situation, hypotension in
      haemodialysis, vascular access, anaemia, osteoarticular and peripheral nervous
      disorders, hypertension. We have not found any significant differences between
      both groups, besides a higher morbidity for patients over 65. Therefore, we
      recommend the inclusion of the older patients into RHDT programmes.

PMID- 4047273
TI  - Cefuroxime pharmacokinetics in continuous and intermittent peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime was studied in patients on continuous ambulatory
      or intermittent peritoneal dialysis. A single intravenous bolus (15 mg/kg) of
      cefuroxime provided a mean serum concentration of 86 mg/litre 5 min, 40 mg/litre
      1 h, 163 mg/litre 24 h after the injection. The peritoneal clearance of
      cefuroxime varied widely among different individuals, ranging from 1.45 to 6.17
      ml/min with a mean of 3.59 ml/min during 4-hour exchanges, and from 0,52 to 11.3
      ml/min during 2-hour exchanges. A single injection (15 mg/kg) of the antibiotic
      could not provide satisfactory antibiotic concentrations in peritoneal effluent
      during peritoneal lavage. When cefuroxime had been added to peritoneal dialysis
      solution before the solution was instilled into the peritoneal cavity, a
      significant decrease in cefuroxime concentration occurred in the peritoneal
      effluent even after a short equilibration time. Furthermore, cefuroxime
      concentrations measured in residual dialysis solutions in the plastic bags ranged
      from 44.3 to 1,351% of the concentration of cefuroxime calculated from the added
      doses, indicating that despite great care, mixing of the antibiotic with dialysis
      solutions in plastic bags was far from uniform.

PMID- 4047274
TI  - Efficacy of cyclophosphamide in steroid-sensitive childhood nephrotic syndrome
      with different morphological lesions.
AB  - We have reviewed the efficacy of cyclophosphamide in 39 steroid-sensitive
      frequently relapsing nephrotic children. Cyclophosphamide was used because of
      heavy steroid dependence and steroid toxicity. A percutaneous renal biopsy done
      prior to administration of cyclophosphamide showed the lesion to be minimal
      change in 7 children, IgM nephropathy in 17 children, and evolving from minimal
      change nephrotic syndrome to focal segmental sclerosis (FSGS) in 15 children.
      100% of patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome responded to
      cyclophosphamide, but only 58% of IgM patients responded (p less than 0.05). Only
      1 of 15 FSGS patients responded (p less than 0.001 vs. minimal change nephrotic
      syndrome and p less than 0.01 vs. IgM). In view of the failure of
      cyclophosphamide to produce a remission in FSGS and its potential for long-term
      impairment of suppressor T cell function, we suggest that it should not be used
      in patients whose disease has evolved from minimal change to FSGS.

PMID- 4047276
TI  - Vitamin A losses during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Since continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) causes losses of certain
      plasma proteins and their ligands, we examined the serum concentrations of
      vitamin A and retinol-binding protein (RBP), as well as the concentrations of
      vitamin A in the skin and dialysis fluid from 32 patients on CAPD over a period
      of 1-30 months (mean 7.5). The mean values of vitamin A and RBP in serum were 2-4
      times higher than those in the healthy controls; a consistent finding in patients
      with chronic renal failure. Similarly, the vitamin A concentrations in skin were
      elevated in the CAPD patients (p less than 0.01). The vitamin A content of the
      dialysate (mean 1.4 mumol/24 h), which correlated significantly with the serum
      vitamin A concentration (r = 0.67), was constant during CAPD treatment. RBP was
      present in the dialysate and its concentration closely correlated with that of
      vitamin A (r = 0.95), indicating that the transperitoneal diffusion involved
      retinol-RBP. This conclusion was supported by calculations of clearance rates.
      Despite the considerable losses of vitamin A in CAPD fluid, the patients' vitamin
      A concentrations in serum and skin remained elevated. Whether extended CAPD
      treatment (greater than 30 months) may eventually affect the vitamin A situation
      in chronic renal failure warrants further observations.

PMID- 4047275
TI  - Impaired metabolism of guanidinoacetic acid in uremia.
AB  - In order to investigate the guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) metabolism in uremia, we
      have measured serum guanidino compounds in patients with chronic renal failure
      (CRF) in comparison with normal subjects, and the renal content of GAA and
      glycine amidinotransferase (GAT) activity in the kidney of experimental CRF
      rabbits. Serum concentrations of guanidinosuccinic acid (GSA) and methylguanidine
      (MG) in the patients with CRF were higher than those in the normal subjects, as
      well as serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels. The serum GAA
      levels were however, significantly lower and showed a tendency to decrease
      inversely with the elevation of BUN in the patients with CRF under conservative
      therapy. On the contrary, in the patients under maintenance hemodialysis (MHD)
      therapy, the serum GAA level did not decrease in spite of the elevation of BUN.
      Four anephric patients under MHD therapy showed a level of serum GAA similar to
      the other MHD patients. In the CRF rabbits, the renal GAA content was
      significantly lower than in the sham-operated rabbits and showed an inverse
      correlation with BUN. Renal GAT activity was also significantly lower in the CRF
      rabbits, showing a positive correlation with serum GAA concentration and an
      inverse correlation with BUN. These results indicate that renal GAT activity
      decreases as the BUN level rises in the course of renal damage, resulting in
      lower concentration of serum GAA in the uremic state; in a more advanced stage of
      renal failure, the inability of the kidney to synthesize GAA may be compensated
      by other organ(s). Some dialyzable substances which might inhibit renal GAT
      activity may also be present.

PMID- 4047277
TI  - Hyperchloraemia: a non-specific finding in chronic renal failure.
AB  - To determine the prevalence of hyperchloraemia (plasma chloride concentration of
      107 mmol/l or above) in chronic renal failure (CRF), we retrospectively analysed
      the acid-base and electrolyte status of 102 Italian and 53 English patients with
      impaired renal function. Hyperchloraemia was a frequent finding at all stages of
      CRF with a prevalence ranging from 30 to 50%. It was common both in
      tubulointerstitial nephropathies (45%) and chronic glomerulonephritis (39%).
      Hyperchloraemic patients were more acidotic than the normochloraemic.

PMID- 4047278
TI  - Testing renal reserve filtration capacity with an amino acid solution.
AB  - In healthy individuals and in patients with varying degrees of impaired renal
      function, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow were
      measured before and during infusion of an amino acid solution (Vamin N). GFR
      increased during amino acid infusion in healthy individuals while the filtration
      fraction (FF) remained constant. However, in patients with impaired renal
      function no significant changes in GFR were observed. The FF increased slightly.
      We conclude that amino acid infusion can increase GFR, possibly by utilization of
      'dormant cortical nephrons' together with a rise in net ultrafiltration pressure
      of other filtrating glomeruli, both due to afferent vasodilatation. Thus, amino
      acid administration can be used to test the presence of reserve filtration
      capacity.

PMID- 4047279
TI  - Fenestrated capillaries in human parietal and rabbit diaphragmatic peritoneum.
AB  - Samples of parietal peritoneum from 20 patients (11 of them chronic uremics) and
      biopsies of diaphragmatic peritoneum from 5 apparently normal female New Zealand
      rabbits were examined by electron microscopy. One out of 20 patients and 3 out of
      5 rabbits showed fenestrated capillaries. This report is the first published
      demonstration of the existence of fenestrated capillaries in human parietal and
      rabbit diaphragmatic peritoneum. They represented a small fraction of the
      peritoneal microvascular bed which was mainly formed by capillaries of the
      continuous type. Fenestrae of the observed fenestrated capillaries showed
      diaphragms. Results of this study indicate that different peritoneal
      microvascular segments can show different microvascular ultrastructures and
      possibly have a different physiology and different mechanisms of transperitoneal
      transfer of water and solutes.

PMID- 4047280
TI  - Fungal peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
      Three recoveries in 5 cases without catheter removal.
AB  - We attempted to treat 5 patients on CAPD with fungal peritonitis without removing
      the catheter. In 1 case, amphotericin B caused a severe chemical peritonitis. The
      other 4 patients received amphotericin B intravenously and miconazole or
      flucytosine intraperitoneally. Recovery was obtained in 3 cases without removing
      the catheter and in 1 case the patient died.

PMID- 4047281
TI  - Improved procedure for the purification of an iodinated protein: beta nerve
      growth factor.
AB  - An improved procedure for the isolation of iodinated beta Nerve Growth Factor
      (125I-beta NGF) has been devised. Use of Centricon microconcentrators (Amicon)
      has allowed the facile and efficient recovery of ultrapure 125I-beta NGF in high
      yields. Centricon microconcentrators are supplied with two molecular weight
      cutoffs of 10 K and 30 K daltons. beta NGF is a basic protein with a molecular
      weight of 26 K daltons. It is therefore possible to filter the 125I-beta NGF
      through the 30 K filter (30 K Filtrate) leaving behind any aggregates or
      reactants greater than 30 K while the 125I-beta NGF can be retained and
      concentrated on the 10 K filter (10 K Retentate). Any free 125I is easily
      removed, passing through the 10 K filter and then being discarded. In this way
      125I-beta NGF can be easily purified.

PMID- 4047282
TI  - Effect of various drugs producing convulsive seizures on rat brain glycerolipid
      metabolism.
AB  - Convulsive seizures were elicited in the rat by the injection of several
      different drugs (pyridoxal phosphate, bicuculline, penicillin and ouabain).
      Glycerolipid metabolism was studied after the intraventricular injection of [2
      3H]glycerol, which was incorporated into rat brain glycerides. The percentage of
      total lipid label found in each lipid class (phosphatidylethanolamine, PE;
      phosphatidylcholine, PC; phosphatidylserine, PS; phosphatidic acid, PA;
      phosphatidylinositol, PI; diacylglycerol (+ monoacylglycerol), DG and
      triacylglycerol, TG) depended on the time elapsed from the injection of the
      labeled precursor. The percent of total lipid radioactivity as PE and PC
      increased with time (3-60 min), whereas the opposite was true for the
      radioactivity of DG and PA. The radioactivity of other lipid classes did not
      appreciably vary between 3 and 60 min from the injection of the labeled glycerol.
      The intraventricular administration of pyridoxal phosphate together with labeled
      glycerol decreased the percent of lipid radioactivity as PE and increased that as
      DG. This 'lipid effect' was detected also after the administration of other
      convulsants, such as ouabain and penicillin. The intraperitoneal administration
      of bicuculline affected lipid metabolism in cerebellum.

PMID- 4047283
TI  - Caffeine-induced changes in the composition of the free amino acid pool of the
      cerebral cortex.
AB  - The free amino acid content in the cerebral cortex of rats administered caffeine
      orally, and with automutilation behavior similar to that observed in the Lesch
      Nyhan syndrome, have been measured. Amino acids significantly elevated were
      taurine, histidine and aspartic acid, whereas tyrosine showed a significant
      reduction. There was no change in the concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid
      and glutamic acid. It has been conjectured that changes in amino acids levels in
      the cortex might be responsible for the pharmacological action of caffeine and
      for the progressive behavior abnormalities observed in these rats. Interestingly
      these results are similar to these found recently in experimental uremia.

PMID- 4047284
TI  - Biosynthesis and insertion of Wolfgram protein into optic nerve membranes.
AB  - Antibodies against pig brain Wolfgram protein (WP) were prepared and utilized in
      the analysis of WP biosynthesis in membranes from optic nerves of 20 day-old
      rats. Newly synthesized WP appeared rapidly (less than 5 min) in myelin and in a
      non-myelin microsome fraction and accumulated in both thereafter. Monensin did
      not affect the insertion of WP in either membrane fraction. These results are
      consistent with biosynthesis of WP on free ribosomes.

PMID- 4047285
TI  - Evidence for an increased rate of choline efflux across erythrocyte membranes in
      Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Alzheimer's disease (AD), the major dementing disorder of the elderly, is
      associated with cholinergic neuronal loss and decreased activity of choline
      acetyltransferase (CAT). Previous biophysical studies had suggested an altered
      conformation of membrane proteins in AD erythrocyte ghosts. Since erythrocytes
      have a choline transport system and cholinergic neurons are implicated in AD, the
      present experiments were undertaken to determine if the efflux rate of
      [14C]choline was altered in AD erythrocytes. The mean efflux rate constant was
      highly significantly increased (P less than 0.01) by greater than 25% in 9 drug
      free AD patients compared to 9 sex-matched, drug-free controls of similar age.
      These results are discussed in terms of potential molecular mechanisms to account
      for cholinergic neuronal loss in AD.

PMID- 4047286
TI  - Alkaline ribonuclease activity is increased in rat sympathetic ganglia after
      nerve injury.
AB  - Ribonuclease activity at pH 7.1 ("alkaline" ribonuclease) was determined in
      homogenates of rat superior cervical ganglion up to 5 days after postganglionic
      nerve injury under optimal conditions of assay. Measurements were performed in
      the presence and absence of the sulfhydryl blocking agent, N-ethylmaleimide, to
      assess the proportion of "alkaline" ribonuclease apparently bound to endogenous
      inhibitor. Total ribonuclease activity per ganglion was stimulated 1.3 fold by 1
      day after injury and remained elevated over the 5 day period. Free ribonuclease
      activity accounted for about 60% of the observed increase in total activity at
      day 1, but had returned to control level by day 3. At day 3 the entire 90%
      increase in total activity was attributable to ribonuclease bound to endogenous
      inhibitor (i.e. latent activity). These changes are occurring at times after
      nerve injury when marked alterations in RNA turnover have been observed,
      implicating "alkaline" ribonucleases in the control of RNA metabolism during
      nerve regeneration.

PMID- 4047287
TI  - [Analysis of EMG records obtained by using an "Anops" computer (their usefulness
      in the diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases].
AB  - The studied group included 179 individuals: a control group of 82 subjects,
      myopathy patients (55) and neurogenic atrophy cases (42). The records were
      obtained from 4 muscles (biceps, 1st interosseous muscles, quadriceps muscle,
      anterior tibialis muscle) using the method of automatic EMG analysis and
      quantitative conventional method. The obtained results demonstrated that in the
      control group Anops analysis showed no significant differences in the
      electromyographic parameters of a given muscle in three age groups (15-30, 31-45
      and 46-60 years). The values of the mean duration of single potentials were
      calculated by the automatic method and in the control group they were shorter (by
      a mean value of 15%) than the mean duration of these potentials calculated by the
      conventional method. In cases of neuromuscular diseases the obtained measurements
      differentiated the normal records from the pathological ones, and myogenic from
      neurogenic lesions. The EMG parameters in the automatic analysis differentiating
      most evidently normal EMG from pathological EMG were: amplitude and mean duration
      of single potentials. These results seem to demonstrate the usefulness of
      automatic analysis of EMG records.

PMID- 4047288
TI  - [Evaluation of the efficiency of intracranial volume compensation before and
      after surgical treatment of intracranial hematoma].
AB  - On the ground of the clinical status and indicators of intracranial pressure
      instability and cerebral arterial reactivity the authors evaluated the efficiency
      of intracranial volume compensatory mechanisms in 21 patients before and after
      operations for epidural and subdural haematomas and spontaneous intracerebral
      haematomas. The epidural haematomas in a greater degree but less permanently
      exhausted the efficiency of the compensatory mechanisms than subdural haematomas
      and after their removal these mechanisms regained easier their efficiency than
      after removal of subdural haematomas. In cases of spontaneous intracerebral
      haematomas the efficiency of the compensatory mechanisms is only slightly
      decreased.

PMID- 4047289
TI  - [Studying somatosensory evoked potentials for the evaluation of surgical risk in
      patients operated on for aneurysms of the cerebral arteries].
AB  - In the light of an analysis of 31 patients operated upon in the Neurosurgical
      Department, Royal Hallamshire Hospital in Sheffield the authors tried to assess
      the usefulness of somatosensory evoked potentials for evaluating the surgical
      risk in patients with intracranial aneurysms. The analysed material was chosen so
      that it could be possible to eliminate the influence of factors connected with
      the operation on the condition of the patients after the operation. The analysis
      showed that in patients with low amplitude of N20 potential and prolonged CCT the
      per cent of insatisfactory operation results may be greater, especially in
      patients in group III of clinical condition according to the classification of
      Hunt and Hess (4), and CCT in the analysed group was found to be a slightly worse
      indicator of surgical risk than the amplitude of N20 potential.

PMID- 4047290
TI  - [Anesthesia in angiography of the carotid arteries].

PMID- 4047291
TI  - [Current problems of care of patients with epilepsy].

PMID- 4047292
TI  - [Hereditary motor-sensory neuropathy type I with mental disorders].
AB  - The author describes a rare coexistence of psychic disturbances with sensorimotor
      hereditary neuropathy type I in a generation.

PMID- 4047293
TI  - [Changes in lipid composition of blood serum and erythrocytes in patients with
      transient focal cerebral ischemia].
AB  - Determinations of the lipid pattern of the serum and erythrocytes were carried
      out in 27 patients with transient focal cerebral ischaemia and in 20 healthy
      subjects. In the group of patients with transient focal cerebral ischaemia the
      levels of total lipids, phospholipids and cholesterol were higher in the serum
      and erythrocytes than in healthy controls.

PMID- 4047294
TI  - [Basilar migraine in children].
AB  - The authors describe 3 children aged 12-15 years with severe basilar artery
      migraine. The follow-up was 2-3 years. In all cases attacks of throbbing headache
      occurred which showed varying intensity and lateralization in 2 cases. Only one
      child had always very strong right-sided headaches. The accompanying symptoms and
      signs were mostly from the area of vascularization of the basilar artery. In one
      child attacks of unconsciousness occurred additionally. The authors suggest that
      the symptoms and signs from brain-stem structures associated with attacks of
      headache may be due not only to construction of the basilar artery but may be due
      to a steal effect from certain regions of the brain stem in the phase of
      vasodilation, although the primary haemodynamic disturbance may not necessarily
      develop within the basilar artery system.

PMID- 4047295
TI  - [Epilepsy as an emergency condition].
AB  - The authors analysed 175 calls for the Ambulance Service in the City of Poznan to
      patients with epilepsy and suggest a schema of emergency therapeutic management
      and instructions for ambulance personnel for avoiding possible diagnostic and
      therapeutic errors.

PMID- 4047296
TI  - [Analysis of clinico-social features of epilepsy].
AB  - The authors studied 286 patients with epilepsy with disease onset past the age of
      20 years (176 males, 110 females) from the urban and rural populations. In 57% of
      cases the aetiology of epilepsy was undetermined. Among the known aetiological
      factors head trauma accounted for 15.5% of cases, inflammatory processes in the
      central nervous system for 4.5%, alcoholism for 7%, vascular lesions for 6%,
      tumours for 5.2%, degenerative and atrophic changes for 1.5%. Over 40% of
      patients had had attacks for up to 15 years and over 18% for over 20 years. In
      80% of cases grand mal seizures occurred, and in 33% of these cases more than 12
      attacks occurred annually. Six cases of status epilepticus were observed with 2
      deaths. The attacks were precipitated by menstruation, alcohol abuse, infection,
      stressed, television watching. Among the signs accompanying or following the
      seizures tongue biting and urination prevailed. Neurological signs were
      demonstrated in 21% of cases, encephalopathy in 65%, other psychic disturbances
      in 9.5%. Systematic treatment was received by 75% of the patients (over 80% in
      urban population), and therapy with multiple drugs was most frequent. Drug
      resistant epilepsy was found in 34% of cases. The patients from the rural
      population had a lower educational level and had more children. About 70% of the
      patients were in employment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4047297
TI  - [Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) level during menstrual cycle in women treated for
      epilepsy].
AB  - In 22 women aged 18 to years treated for epilepsy with phenytoin (DPH) and
      phenobarbital (PB) the serum levels of LH were determined by radioimmunoassay on
      8 days of various phases of the menstrual cycle. In 10 cases the attacks were
      related in time to the premenstrual phase of the cycle (group A), in 12 cases no
      such correlation was observed (group B). These results were compared with the
      results of similar investigations carried out in 8 women treated in hospital for
      ischalgia who received also DPH and PB or only PB (group C). A statistically
      significantly lower level of LH was found in group A in relation to groups B and
      C on the 13th and 22nd days of the cycle. Decreased LH level on the 22nd day may
      suggest that in women with attacks related to a phase of the menstrual cycle the
      corpus luteum may be failing with resulting deficiency of progesterone, which may
      be one of the factors increasing the readiness to attacks in the premenstrual
      phase. It may be supposed that DPH and PB given to patients with epilepsy may
      reduce the serum LH level.

PMID- 4047298
TI  - [Rapid intermittent eye movements in selected diseases of the nervous system].
AB  - The authors report the results of electronystagmographic investigations of the
      eyes in patients with damage to the motor nerves of the eyes, their neuromuscular
      junctions in cases of internuclear ophthalmoplegia, and lesions of the cerebellar
      and extrapyramidal systems. In all these cases pathological records of these
      movements were found which were fairly characteristic of a given type of damage.

PMID- 4047299
TI  - [Risk factors in men with stroke in the Wroclaw environment].
AB  - The reported investigations were carried out in 3424 men working in large
      industrial plants of the City of Wroclaw and 222 men with strokes treated in the
      Department of Neurology, Medical Academy in Wroclaw. The frequency of such risk
      factors was determined as obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, smoking,
      carbohydrate metabolism disturbances. A statistically significant increase was
      demonstrated in the frequency of hypertension and hyperlipidaemia in the group
      with strokes as compared with the control group.

PMID- 4047300
TI  - [Clinical and electroencephalographic signs of side effects in patients after
      myelography using "amipaque"].
AB  - The authors present the results of own investigations on the occurrence of side
      effects following myelography with the contrast medium Amipaque administered
      usually by the lumbar route. Sixty patients aged 21-65 years with various
      diseases of the spinal cord and cauda equina were studied. Clinical and
      myelographic investigations were performed before and after myelography. In 6 out
      of 60 cases (10%) transient neurological disturbances developed including
      epileptic seizures, speech disturbances of the type of aphasia and dysartria,
      visual disturbances and twitching of lower extremities. Other symptoms and signs
      included: headaches, vomiting, collapse. One patient with cardiorespiratory
      failure died hours after myelography with evidence of increased symptoms of
      cardiorespiratory failure. EEG changes appeared after myelography in 2/3 of cases
      and persisted for up to 12 days. The authors call attention to the high
      proportion of neurological complications and EEG changes which must be taken into
      account when indications to myelography are considered. Particular caution is
      necessary in cases with coexistent cardiorespiratory failure.

PMID- 4047301
TI  - [Diagnostic value of determining lactate dehydrogenase in the blood in
      progressive muscular dystrophy of the Duchenne type and in detection of the
      carrier state of this disease].
AB  - In the presented paper we failed to confirm the suggestion of a high diagnostic
      value of determination of blood lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes in cases of
      Duchenne's dystrophy and in the detection of carriers of its gene. Determination
      of creatine kinase activity remains still the best biochemical test in this
      disease.

PMID- 4047302
TI  - [Evaluation of clinical usefulness of the infusion test and the indicator of
      intracranial pressure instability in patients with open hydrocephalus].
AB  - In 8 patients with progressive open hydrocephalus and in 6 with stabilized
      hydrocephalus the infusion test was done and the instability index of the
      intracranial pressure was determined. In cases of progressive hydrocephalus the
      values of the test and index indicated a considerable reduction of the efficiency
      of cerebrospinal fluid resorption. In cases of stabilized hydrocephalus the
      results of the test and index suggested a better efficiency of CSF resorption.
      The test and index are useful in the differential diagnosis of progressive open
      hydrocephalus against stabilized open hydrocephalus.

PMID- 4047303
TI  - [Changes in the time of central neural conduction and of the amplitude of the
      potential N10 of the somatosensory evoked potentials in a model of subarachnoid
      hemorrhage in baboons].
AB  - On the ground of experiments on 6 baboons the authors tried to determined changes
      in the amplitude of the N10 somatosensory potential and the time of central
      neural conduction in relation to changes of the cerebral blood flow in
      subarachnoid haemorrhage. The following conclusions have been reached: the time
      of central neural conduction as well as the amplitude of the N10 cortical
      potential may serve as indicators of brain ischaemia after subarachnoid
      haemorrhage. The amplitude of the N10 potential seems to be an earlier indicator
      of ischaemia than the time of central neural conduction. The relationship of the
      changes in somatosensory evoked potentials and the brain blood flow is doubtless,
      but this relationship is not directly caused by changes in the cerebral blood
      flow.

PMID- 4047304
TI  - [Processes of verbal memory in patients with involuntary movements treated by
      thalamotomy].
AB  - The authors tested verbal memory and learning in 15 patients with motor
      disturbances treated by ventrolateral thalamotomy before operation and late after
      it, after a mean time of 5.8 years. Disturbances of verbal memory in the form of
      retrieval of information from the memory stores and disturbances of learning of
      verbal material were found already before the operation. In comparative
      investigations late after the operation greater disturbances of verbal memory
      were observed with disturbances of verbal retrieval from memory stores after
      damage to the VL nucleus in the left as well as right thalamus. On the other
      hand, no decrease of the mental efficiency of these patients was demonstrated.

PMID- 4047305
TI  - [The empty sella syndrome].

PMID- 4047306
TI  - [Case of a tumor of the cranio-cervical region].
AB  - The authors report a case of successfully removed neurolemmoma of the
      craniocervical region treated for 8 years as multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 4047307
TI  - [Subarachnoid hemorrhage in neoplasms of the posterior cranial fossa. Description
      of 2 cases].
AB  - The authors report on two cases of posterior cranial fossa tumours in which
      subarachnoid haemorrhage was the presenting sign. In both cases no evident focal
      signs were found which could suggest the presence of a space occupying
      intracranial lesion.

PMID- 4047308
TI  - [Acoustic tumor surgery].

PMID- 4047309
TI  - [Laser acupuncture therapy for pain and vague complaints in neurosurgery].
AB  - The value of diode laser acupuncture for pain and other vague neurological
      complaints has been studied in chronic patients of head trauma and of
      cerebrovascular disease or neuralgia in head and neck regions. Gallium-Aluminium
      Arsenide (Ga-Al-As) diode laser pain attenuator PANALAS-4000 manufactured by
      Japan Medical Laser Laboratory was used in the following specifications; wave
      length: 830 nm, power: 20-40 mW, frequency: 5-50 c.p.s., pulse duty: 0.9. The
      laser acupuncture was applied to some of the representative Chinese meridian
      points, local pain points and related nerves for 1 to 7 times in a week. It was
      given in 310 patients in our neurosurgical department. 175 of 227 patients who
      complained of pain and 12 of 39 patients who complained of numbness showed
      improvement within 24 hours, another 24 patients with pain and 16 patients with
      numbness showed improvement after 24 hours. No side effect was noticed. The
      duration of the effectiveness was about 2 or 3 days. It is very useful to apply
      the laser acupuncture for pain and vague complaints in neurosurgery.

PMID- 4047310
TI  - [Correlation between postoperative decrement of hematocrit and osmolarity in
      neurosurgical patients].
AB  - After neurosurgical treatment, surgeons sometimes observe decreased hematocrit
      (Ht), though fluid as well as blood transfusions were properly given during and
      after surgery. This study was performed to investigate the effects of osmotic
      change on the decrease in Ht. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Subjects were 153 patients
      who underwent neurosurgical treatment. Group 1: 39 patients with parasellar
      tumor. Group 2: 35 patients with anterior cerebral aneurysm. Group 3: other 79
      patients with brain tumor or aneurysm except Group 1 and 2. As the controls, 50
      patients undergoing intraabdominal operations. During the pre- and postoperative
      course, blood examination (Ht, RBC, blood glucose, BUN, electrolyte and blood
      gases), measurements of osmotic pressure (of serum, urine and cerebrospinal
      fluid), and checks of blood and water balance and vital signs were performed.
      RESULTS: As compared with the control group in which Ht decreased clearly but
      slightly, the neurosurgically-treated groups showed marked decreases in Ht on the
      2nd to 4th day after surgery. Of them, groups 1 and 2 showed more prominent
      decreases. On the 1st to 4th day after surgery, serum sodium levels of groups 1,
      2 and 3 increased more clearly than that of the control group. Urine volumes of
      groups 1 and 2 were larger during one postoperative week, and cases of diabetes
      insipidus were included. No significant difference was found in water balance and
      urinary osmotic pressure. Relationships between the serum osmotic pressure and
      serum sodium content, cerebrospinal fluid osmotic pressure and serum sodium
      content, and cerebrospinal fluid and serum osmotic pressure were seen. We lay
      stress on the inverse correlation between the decrease in Ht and the time-course
      of serum osmotic pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4047311
TI  - [Intracerebral metastasis of esophageal carcinoma--a case report and review of
      literature].
AB  - We encountered a case of brain metastasis from asymptomatic esophageal cancer. A
      50-year-old man presented with right hemiparesis and bilateral choked discs. The
      brain CT scan demonstrated ring-like, enhanced tumor with perifocal edema in the
      left parietal lobe. The chest X-ray showed no abnormalities. The histology of the
      brain tumor that was totally removed after irradiation, showed a poorly
      differentiated squamous cancer. By the following study, an esophageal cancer of
      Borrman II type and 8 cm in length at the middle third segment detected. The
      histology of biopsy specimen showed findings similar to those of the brain tumor.
      He was not operated on, and received irradiation and chemotherapy. The esophageal
      carcinoma was reduced markedly, then he fully recovered in social life taking
      maintenance therapy for cancer. Seven cases of metastatic brain tumor from
      esophagus have been reported in literature. Esophagus carcinomas with brain
      metastasis were situated at the lower third in 6 cases with the exception of one
      without description, although esophageal carcinomas in general most frequently
      occur in the middle third. In any of the cases so far reported, no lung tumor was
      demonstrated by the chest X-ray, so the route of metastasis via vertebral vein
      system as proposed by Batson (1940) may explain the fact.

PMID- 4047313
TI  - [Ruptured cerebral aneurysm associated with aortitis syndrome: a case report].
AB  - In rare occasions, patients with aortitis syndrome have cerebral aneurysms and
      only seven cases have been reported so far. A case of aortitis syndrome
      complicated with basilar bifurcation aneurysm is reported. A 58-year-old woman,
      who had been hypertensive for 20 years and was diagnosed as pulseless disease 10
      years ago, suddenly had severe headache and became unconscious on Feb. 17, 1983.
      Spinal tap performed 3 days after the onset demonstrated bloody cerebrospinal
      fluid. She was referred to our clinic 8 days following the ictus of subarachnoid
      hemorrhage. On admission, she was drowsy and had headache, neck stiffness,
      disorientation and left hemiparesis. Pulsation of the left common carotid and
      left radial artery was unpalpable. Angiography through the intraaortic catheter
      revealed occlusion of the left common and left subclavian arteries at their
      origin, confirming aortitis syndrome. Through the patent right vertebral artery,
      basilar artery was visualized and an aneurysm at the basilar bifurcation was
      noted. Seven cases reported in the literature were reviewed.

PMID- 4047312
TI  - [A case of fibromuscular dysplasia with middle cerebral aneurysm].
AB  - A case of cervico-arterial fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) associated with an
      aneurysm of middle cerebral artery was reported in a women aged 54. On December
      12, 1983, she was admitted to our hospital, who had been diagnosed as head injury
      (cerebral concussion) and a cerebral aneurysm. On admission, her general
      condition was favorable, her conscious was clear and neurological examination was
      normal. The four vessels cerebral angiograms showed right M1M2 aneurysm and FMD
      which was characterized as typical changes of form "string of beads" in the
      extracranial internal carotid and vertebral arteries of both sides. Clipping of
      aneurysm was performed and favorable post-surgical progress was observed. FMD of
      the cervico-cephalic arteries has been seen rarely in Japanese, but the detection
      frequency of FMD from cerebral angiography is 0.3-0.9% and the frequency of
      complication with aneurysm is high at 13-51% on literature. The histologic
      similarities between intracranial aneurysms and the aneurysmal dilatations of FMD
      are the absence of the muscular media and a defective interval elastic lamella.
      This paper suggested strong relationship between FMD and cerebral aneurysm.

PMID- 4047314
TI  - [A case of ossifying fibroma of the skull].
AB  - A 23-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of a soft, painful mass
      in the right parietal region for a month. Neurological examination revealed no
      abnormality. Laboratory data including serum Ca, P and alkaline phosphatase were
      normal. Skull x-ray film showed a partially osteolytic, not well circumscribed
      lesion in the right frontal, parietal and occipital bone. No remarkable sclerotic
      area was seen in the lesion. CT scan showed that the lesion was located in the
      diploe, destroying both inner and outer tables of the bone. Right external
      carotid angiogram revealed that the lesion is supplied by the branches of
      superficial temporal artery and middle meningeal artery. 99mTc bone scan showed
      increased uptake in the lesion. The patient underwent a right parietal
      craniectomy. The skull bone was invaded by the tumor, which was yellow-brown in
      color, thickened and fragile. We could easily perforate it through. The tumor
      didn't invade the dura mater or periosteum. It was extensively removed with an
      airtome and rongeurs. A cranioplasty was carried out using a plastic resin. The
      pathological specimen showed that the tumor was mainly composed of mature,
      regularly-aligned bone and intermingled fibrous tissue. Neither mitosis nor
      atypical cellular features was seen. These findings were compatible with the
      diagnosis of ossifying fibroma. The postoperative course was uneventful and the
      patient was discharged in a good condition. There was no evidence of local
      recurrence 10 months later. Ossifying fibroma is a rare, benign bone tumor that
      mainly involves the craniofacial bone. The differential diagnosis of ossifying
      fibroma versus fibrous dysplasia is difficult. These diseases can be
      differentiated on combined clinical, radiological and morphological grounds.

PMID- 4047315
TI  - [Coincidental cerebral aneurysm with brain tumor: report of three cases].
AB  - We report three cases of coincidental cerebral aneurysm with brain tumor. The
      incidence of such cases has been said to be 0.3 to 0.7% of all brain tumor cases,
      and, in our experience, has been 0.9% of 315 patients with brain tumor during the
      last decade. Case No. 1 was a 60-year-old female suffering from subarachnoid
      hemorrhage followed by left oculomotor nerve palsy due to rupture of left ICPC
      aneurysm, with left convexity meningioma which was found incidentally during
      preoperative cerebral angiography. Case No. 2 was a 47-year-old female suffering
      from headache, right exophthalmos, and bilateral papilledema. Preoperative CT
      scan and angiographies revealed right sphenoidal ridge meningioma and unruptured
      right middle cerebral aneurysm. Case No. 3 was a 28-year-old male with
      acromegaly. Pituitary adenoma and unruptured anterior communicating artery
      aneurysm were found preoperatively by CT scan and by angiography, respectively.
      All cases were well diagnosed preoperatively and surgically treated successfully.

PMID- 4047316
TI  - [ECA-PCA anastomosis with the use of an interposition saphenous vein graft for
      vertebrobasilar progressing stroke].
AB  - A successful case undergoing the ECA-PCA bypass operation with the use of an
      interposition saphenous venous graft for vertebrobasilar progressing stroke was
      reported and details of the operative techniques were described. A 40-year-old
      man was admitted because of confused mental state following sudden onset of
      headache, vomiting, vertigo, and ataxic gait. Neurological examinations revealed
      he was confused and restless, and left-sided Weber's syndrome, bulbar palsy and
      dysphasia were noticed. CT scan showed multiple small low density areas with no
      enhancement scattering in both occipital lobes and cerebellar hemispheres.
      Angiographical studies showed that the left vertebral artery was occluded at the
      vertebrobasilar junction and the right vertebral artery stenosed up to 90% or
      more at the branching site of the PICA. There was no visualization of the
      vertebrobasilar system through the right posterior communicating artery. The left
      posterior communicating artery was not examined. The patient was treated with
      Urokinase amounting to 740,000 units for ten days. Thirteen days later, however,
      he became progressively drowsy and he became unable to speak and swallow.
      Quadriparesis also appeared. Progressive deterioration of these brain stem
      ischemic symptoms was assumed to originate from critically lowered perfusion of
      the vertebrobasilar circulation. Therefore, the ECA-PCA anastomosis by means of a
      venous graft was carried out on the right side in expectation of the rapid
      restoration of the blood flow in the affected brain stem. A venous graft was
      chosen because it would carry larger amount of blood immediately after completing
      the bypass surgery than small calibered arterial graft such as a superficial
      temporal artery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4047317
TI  - [Acute spontaneous subdural hematoma associated with multiple aneurysms--a case
      report].
AB  - A case of acute spontaneous subdural hematoma associated with three aneurysms is
      reported. On March 12, 1984, a 47-year-old woman experienced the sudden onset of
      severe headache over the bilateral frontal region and vomiting. Three hours
      later, she was transferred to our hospital by ambulance car because of continuous
      headache and vomiting. She had no history of head trauma. She had been medicated
      hypertension for five years. On admission she suffered from headache and nausea.
      But there was no clinical sign in physical and neurological examinations. The
      meningeal irritation was not present, but lumbar puncture showed slightly pinky
      CSF with normal pressure. A plain computed tomographic scan showed a thin high
      density mass in the left temporal extra-axial region and the slight deviation of
      the midline structures to the right. Left carotid arteriogram showed an avascular
      region over the left cerebral convexity, an aneurysm of the left A2-A3 junction
      and a questionable aneurysm of the bifurcation of left middle cerebral artery.
      Right carotid arteriogram showed an aneurysm of the bifurcation of right middle
      cerebral artery. We diagnosed this case as an acute subdural hematoma by CT scan
      and arteriogram. We were perplexed preoperatively whether this bleeding was
      spontaneous or secondary to the rupture of aneurysm, and we could not deny the
      possibility of a ruptured aneurysm. On March 15, 1984, three days after onset,
      operation was performed. At operation, a small subdural hematoma was removed, and
      the underlying cortex was normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4047318
TI  - [Intraparenchymal epidermoid cyst of the right frontal lobe: a case report].
AB  - Epidermoid cysts are most likely to occur at the cerebellopontine angle or in the
      suprasellar region. Intracerebral epidermoid cysts are rare and only 18 cases
      have been reported in the literature. This report presents a case of epidermoid
      cyst which developed in the right frontal lobe. A 24-year-old woman was admitted
      to our clinic on April 24, 1983 because of generalized convulsions. On admission
      no neurological abnormalities were found except for absence of the venous
      pulsation in an ophthalmoscopic study. A plain roentgenogram revealed a crescent
      shaped calcification in the right frontal lobe. An X-ray CT scan showed a round
      low density area (Hounsfield units + 12) surrounded by irregular ring-like high
      density spots in the right frontal lobe. Right carotid angiography showed round
      shift of the anterior cerebral artery to the left. The horizontal portion of the
      middle cerebral artery was stretched and lenticulostriate arteries were shifted
      laterally. Abnormal vascularization was not found. On May 11th 1983 a right
      fronto-temporal craniotomy was performed. Partial corticotomy was done along the
      cortical sulcus and the tumor was resected. The histological diagnosis was
      epidermoid cyst. In general an X-ray CT scan shows a low density area with
      irregular margin. Usually the low density area revealed -8 approximately +30 of
      Hounsfield units. Neither perifocal low density area nor enhancement by contrast
      medium is observed.

PMID- 4047319
TI  - [Clinical value of the sequential study of the uric acid level in the CSF in
      patients with postoperative meningitis].
AB  - In this study we discuss the clinical value of the sequential measurement of the
      CSF uric acid and CSF cells in patients with postoperative acute meningitis. CSF
      was investigated for uric acid and cells in 10 cases with postoperative
      meningitis and 12 cases without it for the control group. The results were as
      follows; The CSF uric acid level was markedly increased in direct proportion to
      neutrophilia in the CSF in the acute stage of postoperative meningitis. Some
      cases with postoperative meningitis had biphasic increasing pattern of the CSF
      uric acid level. In 12 cases without postoperative meningitis the CSF uric acid
      level had been progressively reduced and then normalized until the fourth day
      after operation. The factors contributing to the increase of the uric acid in CSF
      under the condition of postoperative meningitis were thought to be 1) increased
      permeability of the blood-CSF barrier, 2) neutrophilia in the CSF and increase of
      the nucleic acid due to it, 3) increase of hypoxanthine, xanthine or xanthine
      oxidase activity in the central nervous system and 4) dysfunction of the CSF
      dynamics.

PMID- 4047320
TI  - [A case of olfactory neuroblastoma presenting symptoms of a brain metastasis--a
      case report].
AB  - A rare case of olfactory neuroblastoma presenting symptoms as a brain metastasis
      is reported. A 47-year-old-man was admitted to Yamagata City Hospital complaining
      of head heaviness and headache attack. Neurologically, bilateral slight choked
      disc and right anosmia were found. The otolaryngologist in this hospital pointed
      out a reddish-purple polypoid tumor in the right nasal cavity. But there were no
      episodes of nasal bleeding or obstruction before admission. CT scan on admission
      showed the tumor density in the right upper nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus, which
      partially infiltrated into the orbital cavity, and enhanced heterogenous high
      density mass in the inner basal portion of the right frontal lobe. Carotid
      angiogram revealed a small tumor blush in the ethmoid region and avascular mass
      lesion in the right frontal region. On the 11th hospital day, surgical biopsy of
      the nasal tumor was performed by the otolaryngologist and the evident tumor cells
      in the fibrous tissue were observed. So the endonasal removal of the tumor and
      the total removal of the intracranial tumor were achieved. On operation, the
      continuity of intracranial tumor and nasal tumor was not observed. The
      histological pictures of both tumors were similar and the diagnosis was olfactory
      neuroblastoma. From histological and operative findings, we concluded the
      intracranial tumor was metastatic lesion from nasal origin. CT scan taken after
      the operation showed the tumor rested only in the right ethmoid sinus.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4047321
TI  - [A huge intraspinal teratocarcinoma associated with an arachnoid cyst in a
      child].
AB  - The authors report a 11-year-old girl with a huge intraspinal malignant teratoma
      associated with spinal arachnoid cyst. At seven year of age, suprasellar tumor
      was diagnosed and the patient received radiation therapy for tumor bed with total
      dose of 4,225 rads. As the result, marked decrease of the size of tumor was seen
      by follow-up CT scan. Serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic
      gonadotropin (HCG) level were at 51ng/ml and 31IU/l when total dose of 2,000 rads
      were over, and they decreased to 3ng/ml and 6.6IU/l at the dose of 4,225 rads
      respectively. The histology of the suprasellar tumor was unverified. She was
      discharged without any neurological deficits. For next 24 months, she received
      intrathecal administration of Methotrexate by repeated lumber puncture in 14
      times. She remained intact neurologically. At eleven years of age, four years
      later, she started complaining of the right leg pain. On the examination,
      hypesthesia in the L distribution and stiff neck with positive straight leg
      raising test were observed. Urinary and bowel function were intact. CT scan of
      the head revealed residual of the suprasellar tumor but the size of the tumor was
      unchanged. Myelography showed complete block at the level of L. Laminectomy at L
      was performed and brownish cyst was found in the intradural space. Aspiration of
      cyst content and cyst wall resection were carried out. Histology of the cyst
      membrane was arachnoid and spinal arachnoid cyst was diagnosed. The postoperative
      course was uneventful until 13th postoperative day, when acute progressive
      paraparesis and numbness of bilateral toes were seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4047322
TI  - [von Hippel-Lindau disease--hemangioblastoma associated with pheochromocytoma].
AB  - The association of a pheochromocytoma with von Hippel-Lindau disease is uncommon.
      We had a family with eight patients affected by von Hippel-Lindau disease, of
      whom five had hemangioblastoma of the central nervous system and seven had
      pheochromocytoma. As other lesions, retinal angiomatosis, spinal A-V malformation
      and spinal hemangioma were included in this family. In this paper five
      hemangioblastomas, four of whom had the association of hemangioblastoma and
      pheochromocytoma, are presented and clinical features of hemangioblastoma
      associated with pheochromocytoma are discussed, comparing to the 16 reported
      cases that had the association of hemangioblastoma and pheochromocytoma. The mean
      age of our own five cases at the onset of clinical symptoms was 32.2 years
      (ranging from 24 to 41 years) and that of reported 16 cases was 33.9 years
      (ranging from 18 to 55 years). These ages are slightly younger than that of
      sporadic hemangioblastoma. On the other hand, the mean age at the onset of
      pheochromocytoma was 28.3 years in our cases and 31.0 years in reported cases.
      This may suggest that hemangioblastoma when it is associated with
      pheochromocytoma presents its symptoms several years after the signs and symptoms
      of pheochromocytoma are manifested. In our cases a male to female ratio was 4:1
      and in reported ones it was 9:7, showing that hemangioblastoma associated with
      pheochromocytoma as well as sporadic hemangioblastoma is likely to occur more in
      male.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4047323
TI  - [Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (Kepes): a case report].
AB  - A case of tumor to be diagnosed as pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (Kepes) is
      reported. This patient was a 34-year-old female with a 6-year history of TIA.
      Neurological examination on admission showed no abnormalities except for
      bilateral choked disc. Plain CT scan revealed a well-defined low density area
      with a small high density region in the right temporal lobe. The small high
      density region and a part of peripheral portion of low density area were
      moderately enhanced with contrast media. At operation there was a cyst containing
      xanthochromic fluid at 1.5 cm depth from the cerebral surface. Temporal lobectomy
      and subtotal removal of tumor (5gr) were performed. The patient received
      postoperative radiation therapy (5960 rad). She has been doing extremely well for
      these 5 years following craniotomy and has no deficits except for the left upper
      quadrant hemianopsia which appeared immediately after surgery. There cannot be
      observed any symptoms or signs suggesting tumor recurrence. Histologically the
      tumor cells displayed marked pleomorphism. However, either necrosis or mitosis
      were very hard to find. The tumor cells were surrounded by a dense network of
      reticulin fibers. Electron-microscopically the tumor cells were occasionally
      filled with glial fibrils, and lipid granules were seen. Immunoperoxidase
      technique revealed both glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S-100 protein
      in the cytoplasm of tumor cells, suggesting of neuroectodermal origin. Although
      this patient is older than previously reported cases (age 3 to 32), the
      histological findings as well as the good postoperative course indicate that this
      case may fulfill the criteria of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma first proposed by
      Kepes et al.

PMID- 4047324
TI  - [Surgical management of an internal carotid lesion by contralateral pterional
      approach in bilateral intracranial aneurysms: report of two cases].
AB  - Two cases of bilateral carotid aneurysms are reported in which the neck of
      remaining aneurysm was successfully clipped by way of a contralateral pterional
      approach. The authors emphasized that in some cases of bilateral intracranial
      aneurysms (e.g. Aneurysms of the unilateral circle of Willis' and ipsilateral
      middle cerebral aneurysm plus contralateral internal carotid aneurysm), this is
      the preferred approach.

PMID- 4047325
TI  - [Cervical dural ectasia in von Recklinghausen's disease].
AB  - A case of cervical dural ectasia in von Recklinghausen's disease is reported. A
      36-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with complaints of hypesthesia in
      the extremities and gait disturbance. Plain cervical x-ray films showed dilated
      interpediculate distance and increased A-P diameter of the cervical spinal canal.
      Myelography showed abnormally dilated subarachnoid space at C4-C7 level.
      Metrizamide CT scan also revealed abnormally dilated subarachnoid space, which
      was at the ventral site of the spinal cord. No tumors, arachnoid cysts,
      syringomyelia were noticed. From the above-mentioned radiological findings, dural
      ectasia in von Recklinghausen's disease was suggested. In the discussion, it was
      emphasized to consider dural ectasia in the differential diagnosis of the dilated
      spinal canal.

PMID- 4047326
TI  - [Treatment of primary empty sella with intractable headache via the
      transsphenoidal approach].
AB  - Two cases of primary empty sella with intractable headache were treated via the
      transsphenoidal approach. One patient was a fifty-three-year-old female with
      right upper nasal quadrantanopsia and intractable retrobulbar pain and the other
      was fourty-six-year-old female with continuous retrobulbar pain with a history of
      transient right temporal hemianopsia. Both cases were diagnosed by metrizamide CT
      cisternography. They had normal endocrinological functions. They did not respond
      to drug therapy and were treated surgically. In each case, the dura mater of the
      floor of the sella was elevated with lyophilized human dura mater and bone
      fragments obtained during the procedure. In the former case, significant
      improvement of visual field defect was not obtained but the retrobulbar pain
      disappeared completely after the operation. In the latter case which had
      intractable headache for six months, the symptom disappeared just after the
      operation. Until now, retroorbital pain has not recurred in both cases for
      several months. Primary empty sella has been considered to be a benign condition
      except in some cases with CSF rhinorrhea or with visual disturbance. Headache
      which is often accompanied to primary empty sella has rarely been treated
      surgically because it is difficult to know whether the headache is related to the
      empty sella or not. Another reason may be that there is few available data
      concerning to the efficacy of surgical treatment. Headache caused by stretching
      of the dura of the floor of the sella is usually frontal or retrobulbar,
      continuous, profound and intractable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4047327
TI  - [A case of traumatic anterior dislocation of C4 recovered from complete
      tetraplegia].
AB  - A case of traumatic anterior dislocation of C4 is presented. A 65-year-old man
      who was beastly drunken fell down backward and severely struck occipital region
      against the door and immediately developed tetraplegia. Neurological examination
      12 hours after the trauma revealed complete flaccid tetraplegia, abdominal
      respiration, bladder-bowel disturbance, anesthesia below C5 and hyperpathia in C3
      and C4 dermatomes. Plain films of the cervical spine disclosed anterior
      dislocation of C4 upon C5 approximately 6 mm and possible disc herniation of
      C4/5. On Amipaque cervical myelography via C1C2 lateral puncture, there was
      almost complete block of the dye at C4/5 level. With diagnosis of acute cervical
      spinal cord injury on C4/5 caused by pincer mechanism and herniated disc
      material, the patient was operated on 19 hours after the trauma by anterior
      discectomy of C4/5 and fusion under Crutchfield skull traction. Neurological
      recovery began with the right leg from the day after the operation and it's
      recovery pattern showed the syndrome of acute central cervical spinal cord injury
      reported by Schneider. The patient discharged on March '84 four months after the
      trauma walking by himself with tetraparesis especially weakness of the hands and
      hypesthesia of glove and stocking type. We emphasized importance of Amipaque
      cervical myelography via C1C2 lateral puncture and anterior approach on the
      treatment of acute cervical spinal cord injury to be done as soon as possible.

PMID- 4047328
TI  - [Nasopharyngeal paraganglioma extending to the middle cranial fossa].
AB  - A case report of a 15-year-old boy with a nasopharyngeal paraganglioma extended
      to middle cranial fossa is presented. We are reporting the fifteenth patient with
      a primary nasopharyngeal paraganglioma and reviewing the pertinent literature.
      The unusual initial presentation of oculomotor palsy and response to radiotherapy
      is described. The possible origin and radiosensitivity of this tumor discussed.
      Although the choice of therapy for this tumor remain controversial, the preferred
      treatment has been radiotherapy, in conjunction with surgical procedures for the
      mass of middle cranial fossa.

PMID- 4047329
TI  - Effect of perinatal antisteroid treatment on territorial marking behavior in the
      mongolian gerbil.
AB  - Sex differences have been observed in the perinatal sexual differentiation of the
      neural substrate which regulates territorial marking behavior in the Mongolian
      gerbil. The present study examines the relative contribution of prenatal and
      postnatal steroid environment to sexual differentiation in the male and
      androgenized female using territorial marking behavior as an endpoint. Selective
      suppression of steroid effects in the pre- and postnatal period was accomplished
      with the antiandrogen flutamide or the antiestrogen MER-25. Treatment was given
      prenatally (for 5 days before expected parturition), on the day of birth, and
      postnatally (to day 10) or prenatally and on the day of birth only. Animals
      without postnatal antisteroid treatment were intact or were gonadectomized on day
      2 and given testosterone propionate (TP) treatment on day 7. (It has previously
      been shown that day 7 is beyond the period of maximum steroid responsiveness in
      the male but not in the androgenized female.) MER-25, flutamide, or day-2
      ovariectomy had no effect on adult marking behavior responsiveness in females
      given TP on day 7. All groups marked at normal male frequencies. The presence of
      flutamide prenatally and on the day of birth in day-2 castrates given TP on day 7
      yielded adults with marking responsiveness equivalent to day-7 TP-treated
      females. In contrast, males given day-7 TP without prenatal and birthday
      flutamide showed significantly lower marking frequencies, suggesting that the
      presence of androgen prenatally and on the day of birth rendered day-2 castrates
      less responsive to TP given on day 7.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4047330
TI  - Ventral premammillary nuclei mediate pheromonal-induced LH release stimuli in the
      rat.
AB  - The rise in the concentration of LH in the serum that takes place in
      ovariectomized, estrogen-primed rats exposed to the odors from a cage with
      bedding soiled by a male rat was completely prevented by bilateral lesions
      destroying the ventral premammillary (PMv) nuclei. These results suggest that the
      pheromonal stimuli generate stimuli that course through a pathway which involves
      the PMv nuclei before they reach the hypothalamus. In addition, the chemosensory
      information is apparently transmitted centrally by an uncrossed pathway in view
      of the fact that removal of one vomeronasal organ combined with lesions of the
      contralateral PMv nucleus, but not of the ipsilateral nucleus, suppressed the
      release of LH in rats exposed to male odors. Since pheromonal stimuli are known
      to activate the accessory olfactory system, of which the medial (Me) amygdaloid
      nucleus and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) are parts, the effect
      of stimulating these nuclei in rats bearing lesions of the PMv nucleus was also
      investigated. Unilateral lesions of the PMv nucleus prevented the release of LH
      in ovariectomized, estrogen-primed rats and the advancement of LH surge in
      proestrous rats induced by electrochemical stimulation (anodic d.c. 100 microA/30
      s) of the ipsilateral Me amygdaloid nucleus but not those induced by stimulation
      of the contralateral Me amygdaloid nucleus. Similar results were obtained
      stimulating the medial part of the BNST in proestrous rats. It is concluded that
      the impulses evoked by pheromonal stimuli inducing LH release in the rat are
      conveyed by an uncrossed pathway and relay in the PMv nucleus before they reach
      the medial basal hypothalamus.

PMID- 4047331
TI  - Simultaneous determination of blood levels of corticosterone and growth hormone
      in the male rat: relation to sleep-wakefulness cycle.
AB  - The temporal correlation of the secretion of corticosterone (CS) and growth
      hormone (GH) with the sleep-wakefulness cycle in adult male rats was studied by
      serial blood sampling at 10-min intervals over a 11-hour period from 11.00 to
      22.00 h. Cortical EEGs recorded continuously during the blood sampling were
      scored into wakefulness and sleep, and the amounts of sleep for every 10 min was
      plotted against the CS and GH values. All 11-hour time series of CS, GH and
      amount of sleep were found to have three major ultradian rhythms with
      periodicities of 1.5 h and its multiples. For CS, there was a significantly
      negative cross-correlation between the amounts of sleep. Although the most
      prominent CS rhythm was the 1.5-hour period, CS secretion occurring with a 3.0
      hour period had such a phase relationship with the 3.0-hour period sleep rhythm
      that the secretion began in the late stage of sleep cycle and reached its peak
      around the time of wakefulness between sleep cycles. In contrast, a GH secretory
      burst occurred in the early stage of the sleep cycle occurring with a 3.0-hour
      period, with a definite time lag after the onset of the sleep cycle. The present
      study demonstrates that three different functions, CS, GH secretions and sleep
      wakefulness, have common ultradian rhythms with similar periods, and manifest
      their rhythms based on their own pacemakers. It is assumed further that each
      pacemaker is fixed in specific phase relations with others.

PMID- 4047332
TI  - Nuclear uptake of estrogens in the male dove hypothalamus: relationship to
      aromatase activity and behavioral effects.
AB  - The natural estrogen, estradiol-17 beta, and a synthetic agonist, diethyl
      stilbestrol (DES), accumulated selectively in cell nuclei of the male dove
      preoptic area and posterior hypothalamus following intramuscular injection of the
      corresponding 3H-labelled tracers. Nuclear incorporation of radioactivity was
      saturable and specific, as shown by the effect of competition doses of unlabelled
      estrogens. The non-aromatizable androgen, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), did
      not compete with estrogens for nuclear binding sites, indicating that cross
      reaction with androgen receptors is unlikely. Estradiol uptake was higher in the
      preoptic area than in the posterior hypothalamus, whereas DES uptake did not
      differ significantly between these areas. Although both brain areas are likely to
      contain specific estrogen receptors, only the preoptic area is known to be
      directly involved in the control of male precopulatory courtship behavior in the
      dove. Aromatase activity responsible for the local conversion of testosterone to
      biologically active estradiol-17 beta, measured in vitro, was also much higher in
      the preoptic and posterior hypothalamic areas than in adjacent areas of the basal
      forebrain and hypothalamus. The similarity in localization of aromatase activity
      and intranuclear uptake of estradiol indicates that the formation of estrogen may
      occur only within discrete brain areas containing specific estrogen receptors.
      Intranuclear uptake of DES in the preoptic area, which is half that of estradiol,
      is correlated with lower effectiveness both in inducing aromatase activity in the
      preoptic area and in eliciting an estrogen-dependent behavior in castrated males.
      The effectiveness of estrogens on behavior in the male dove is likely to depend
      upon characteristics of estrogen receptors in the preoptic area.

PMID- 4047333
TI  - Effects of clonidine on blood pressure, noradrenaline, cortisol, growth hormone,
      and prolactin plasma levels in high and low intestinal tone depressed patients.
AB  - Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), norepinephrine
      (NE) plasma levels, cortisol (CRT), growth hormone (GH), and prolactin (PRL)
      plasma levels were investigated in 26 high intestinal tone (high-IT) and 24 low
      intestinal tone (low-IT) depressed patients, before and after the intramuscular
      injection of clonidine (2.5 micrograms/kg). A positive correlation was found
      between NE, DBP, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRS) values in low-IT
      depressed patients, while a negative correlation was found between HRS/IT and NE
      in high-IT depressed patients. Although clonidine induced significant reduction
      of SBP in both groups, the drug reduced DBP and NE in the low-IT group, only. CRT
      mean level was greater in the high-IT than in the low-IT depressed group.
      However, clonidine was unable to induce changes in CRT, GH, and PRL mean levels
      in any depressed group. Our results suggest that the clonidine-induced DBP
      reduction is a reliable index of sympathetic activity in depressed patients and
      that both parameters (DBP and IT) are useful physiological markers to
      differentiate two types of depressive syndromes.

PMID- 4047334
TI  - In vitro dopamine release from the rat striatum: diurnal rhythm and its
      modification by the estrous cycle.
AB  - In the present experiment we examined spontaneous endogenous in vitro dopamine
      release from the corpus striatum of female rats during the morning (09.00-09.30
      h) and afternoon (15.00-15.30 h) photoperiod on each day of the estrous cycle. In
      the morning, the spontaneous dopamine release rates of D-1, D-2 and proestrous
      female rats were characterized by initial low values which gradually increased
      (approximately 3-fold) over the 2.5-hour in vitro perifusion. In the afternoon,
      spontaneous release rates of D-1, D-2 and estrous females gradually declined
      (approximately 2.5-fold) over the perifusion period. This rhythmic diurnal
      fluctuation was disrupted in the afternoon of proestrus and morning of estrus
      when release rate profiles remained stable over the entire perifusion period.
      These results suggest that changes in spontaneous in vitro dopamine release of
      corpus striata derived from rats in different phases of the estrous cycle may
      reflect novel in vivo interactions of both photoperiodic and hormonal cues.

PMID- 4047335
TI  - Decreasing brain epinephrine levels with 2-cyclooctyl-2-hydroxyethylamine induces
      hyperglycemia in rats.
AB  - Intraperitoneal administration of 2-cyclooctyl-2-hydroxyethyl-amine (CONH; 25-75
      mg/kg) produced dose-related reductions in the epinephrine (EPI) concentrations
      in both the hypothalamic and brainstem regions, but not in the adrenal glands.
      The reductions in the hypothalamic and brainstem EPI concentrations in rats
      anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium were accompanied by parallel increases in
      blood glucose. These data suggest that CONH induces its hyperglycemia action at
      least in part by altering central EPI biosynthesis. This hyperglycemic was
      antagonized by spinal transection or adrenalectomy, but not by vagotomy. This
      indicates that CONH increases the adrenal-sympathetic efferent activity and leads
      to hyperglycemia in rats.

PMID- 4047336
TI  - Electrical stimulation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei inhibits pineal
      melatonin synthesis in male rats.
AB  - Recent findings have shown that lesions of the hypothalamic paraventricular
      nuclei (PVN) disrupt the synthesis of melatonin in the rat pineal gland. In order
      to further clarify the role of the PVN in the control of pineal function, the
      effects of electrical stimulation of these nuclei were investigated in acutely
      blinded adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Following electrical stimulation, pineal
      serotonin-N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity and pineal melatonin content were
      measured by means of radioenzymatic and radioimmunoassay methods, respectively.
      Stimulation had no significant effect on pineal melatonin synthesis throughout
      the early part of the dark phase, but caused a significant reduction in NAT
      activity during the light phase and the latter part of the dark phase. The pineal
      melatonin content appeared reduced, but due to large individual variations this
      reduction was not statistically significant. Stimulation duration experiments
      reveal that reduction of NAT activity is time dependent, with significant
      inhibition occurring after 30 min of stimulation. These observations further
      support the involvement of the PVN in the melatonin rhythm generating pathway and
      suggest that electrical activation of fibers in the PVN is similar to the effects
      of light on pineal melatonin synthesis.

PMID- 4047337
TI  - Purification and sequence of a novel ovine adrenal medullary peptide and its
      precursor.
AB  - A 24 amino acid polypeptide that does not originate from (pre)proenkephalin has
      been isolated from ovine adrenal chromaffin granules. Its sequence is: Arg-Leu
      Pro-Gly-Glu-Leu-Arg-Asn-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Tyr-Gly-Glu-Glu-Val-Gly-Glu- Glu-Ala -Ala-Arg
      Gly-Val. This peptide is generated from a precursor molecule that has also been
      purified and partially sequenced. The proteolytic cleavage occurs at a triple Arg
      site. A search of the available protein sequence data banks shows very little
      homology to any known protein.

PMID- 4047338
TI  - Spontaneous sparsely-granulated prolactin-producing pituitary adenomas in aging
      rats. A prospective study of the effect of bromocriptine.
AB  - The effect of bromocriptine (BEC) treatment on spontaneous, sparsely granulated,
      prolactin-producing pituitary adenomas was studied in aging female Long-Evans
      rats of at least 23 months of age. Rats treated with BEC for 1-44 days showed a
      marked decrease in serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations at the end of the
      treatment period (9.1-34 ng/ml) when compared to the serum PRL levels of age
      matched control animals (94.6-233 ng/ml). No significant differences in serum PRL
      levels (ng/ml; mean +/- SEM) were noted in rats withdrawn for 14 days from BEC
      treatment (132.9 +/- 18.8) when compared to age-matched controls (181.5 +/-
      70.9). The mean pituitary weight (mg) was significantly reduced in the rats
      treated for 44 days with BEC (23.4 +/- 1.4) compared to untreated controls (43.4
      +/- 8.3). At the time of sacrifice, PRL-producing adenomas were found in 16 of 33
      control rats, 5 of 10 rats treated for 1 day with BEC, 5 of 20 rats treated with
      BEC for 44 days, and 12 of 28 rats in the animals withdrawn from BEC treatment
      for 14 days. Morphometric analysis of sparsely granulated PRL-containing adenomas
      revealed that, although the nuclear area was reduced after 1 day of BEC
      treatment, the cytoplasmic area was reduced only after 44 days. Forming granule
      diameters were significantly increased after 44 days of BEC treatment and
      markedly decreased in the withdrawal group. Storage granule diameters were
      increased in both the 1-day and 44-day groups and were decreased in rats
      withdrawn from BEC for 14 days. Rough endoplasmic reticulum, forming granule,
      storage granule, and lysosome volume densities were increased after 1 day of BEC
      treatment. The Golgi region volume density decreased only after 44 days of BEC
      treatment. We conclude that aging female Long-Evans rats harboring PRL-producing
      pituitary adenomas can respond to BEC administration with a decrease in serum PRL
      levels and morphologic changes in adenoma cells. However, the structural
      alterations in PRL cells of the rat adenomas are less conspicuous than those of
      human tumors. In the rat, like in human patients, a direct toxic effect of BEC on
      PRL-producing adenoma cells has not been demonstrated.

PMID- 4047339
TI  - Proteins regulated by gonadal steroids in the medial preoptic and ventromedial
      hypothalamic nucleic of male and female rats.
AB  - Protein profiles of brain areas mediating effects of steroid hormones on
      copulation were compared between animals in gonadal steroid states predictive of
      either the presence or absence of copulatory activity. A broad range of proteins
      present in micropunches of tissue from the medial preoptic area (MPO) and from
      the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) were compared between male and female rats
      with gonadal steroids present or absent. Half of the animals of each gender were
      gonadectomized 1 month prior to sacrifice. The remaining males were left intact,
      while the remaining females were gonadectomized, implanted with estrogen
      capsules, and injected with progesterone prior to sacrifice. These females were
      screened for sexual receptivity immediately prior to sacrifice. Proteins from the
      MPO and VMH of each animal were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis,
      silver stained, and quantified by computerized optical densitometry. Several
      proteins differed in density between gels of high-steroid males and and females
      and between high-steroid and absent-steroid animals of one or both genders. Two
      previously reported sex differences were replicated and found to depend on
      activational effects of gonadal steroids. Several interesting reversal patterns
      were noted between MPO and VMH, including three proteins that were affected by
      gonadectomy in the MPO of males, but not females, and in the VMH of females, but
      not males, thus correlating with sexual function. These included serum albumin (a
      possible index of local area blood flow) and neuron-specific enolase, a
      glycolytic enzyme of anaerobic metabolism. A probable genetic polymorphism was
      discovered at a locus whose expression appears to be regulated by gonadal
      steroids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4047340
TI  - Bovine neurophysin II has prolactin-releasing activity in the estradiol-primed
      male rat.
AB  - In the course of the search for the prolactin-releasing factor (PRF), we noticed
      that the posterior pituitary contained strong PRF activity and subsequently
      traced this activity to that of bovine neurophysin-II (NP-II). NP-II prepared in
      our lab was judged to be a homogeneous preparation according to Sephadex G-75 gel
      filtration, DEAE ion exchange chromatography and polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. While neurophysin-I (NP-I) injections of 100 micrograms/kg and
      1,000 micrograms/kg elevated plasma prolactin in estradiol-primed male rats to
      30% and 50% over the control value, respectively, NP-II doses of 100, 1,000
      micrograms/kg increased plasma prolactin concentration in estradiol-primed male
      rats to 130% and 170% over the control value, respectively. The lowest dose of NP
      II needed to increase plasma prolactin concentration was 10 micrograms/kg. Since
      neurophysin does not stimulate prolactin release from the ectopic pituitary under
      the kidney capsule nor from lactotrophs in a primary monolayer culture system,
      neurophysin is believed to act indirectly on the pituitary, presumably through a
      neurotransmitter and/or hypothalamic releasing (or inhibiting) factor. We propose
      that NP-II may be one element in the complex chain of the prolactin-releasing
      mechanism.

PMID- 4047341
TI  - Effect of lesions of the corticomedial amygdala on the nocturnal prolactin surge.
AB  - It has been reported that the corticomedial amygdala (CMA) is involved in
      regulating various hypothalamic and neuroendocrine events. This study examined
      the role of the CMA in the regulation of the nocturnal surge of prolactin (PRL)
      induced by cervical stimulation (CS). Female Sprague-Dawley rats were
      ovariectomized, received CMA or sham lesions, and were placed on a reversed
      lighting schedule of 14 h light:10 h dark. 3 weeks later, all rats were
      cervically stimulated. 5 days after CS (CS + 5) rats were fitted with chronic,
      intraatrial catheters, and daily progesterone (P) injections (10 mg s.c.) were
      initiated. On CS + 8, CS + 12, and CS + 15, sequential blood samples were taken
      from unrestrained rats at 00.00, 02.00, 04.00, 06.00, 08.00, and 10.00 h (animal
      time). CMA lesions significantly reduced peak PRL levels on CS + 12 and CS + 15,
      but not on CS + 8. When ovariectomized CS rats received either 1 or 10 mg P/day
      and were sampled on CS + 12, CS + 15, and CS + 19, CMA lesions reduced the
      magnitude of the surge on CS + 12 and CS + 15, a time when P amplification of the
      surge was apparent. On CS + 19, when P amplification of the surge was absent, CMA
      lesions had no effect. CMA lesions greatly reduced peak PRL levels on CS + 12,
      but not on CS + 8, when rats were lesioned, catheterized, and injected daily with
      1 or 10 mg P/day on CS + 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4047342
TI  - Effects of endogenous opioid peptides and opiates on luteinizing hormone and
      prolactin secretion in ovariectomized rats.
AB  - Adult female rats were implanted with permanent cannulae in the third ventricle
      of the brain and ovariectomized. 3 weeks later, blood samples were withdrawn
      every 5 min from intraatrial cannulae placed the previous day. After a control
      sampling period of 30 min, the rats received an intraventricular bolus injection
      of saline (2 microliter) or beta-endorphin (beta E; 10 micrograms); sampling was
      continued for an additional 2 h. Saline injection caused no effect on luteinizing
      hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion. beta E stimulated PRL secretion
      within 5-10 min, the values peaked in the next 10 min. Thereafter, as PRL levels
      fell, a suppression of LH secretion became apparent. Inhibition of LH release
      started 20-35 min after beta E injection and lasted for 35-65 min. The
      antecendent PRL secretion was apparently not responsible for the observed delayed
      LH response, since blockade of PRL response with bromocriptine failed to affect
      the beta E-induced LH suppression. Further, continuous intraventricular infusion
      of beta E (5 or 10 micrograms/h) for 3 h markedly suppressed the amplitude and
      frequency of LH episodes in long-term ovariectomized rats. Bolus intraventricular
      injection of other endogenous opioid peptides and opiate receptor agonists
      produced different PRL and LH responses. Dynorphin (10 micrograms) similarly
      suppressed LH release but was only moderately effective in stimulating PRL.
      Leucine enkephalin (50 micrograms) stimulated LH and inhibited PRL release, while
      methionine-enkephalin (50 micrograms) selectively stimulated PRL release. The
      methionine-enkephalin analogs, FK-33824 (50 ng) and DALAMID (50 micrograms),
      evoked sequential PRL and LH responses similar to those seen after beta E
      injection. Interestingly, morphiceptin (a specific mu receptor agonist; 10
      micrograms) markedly suppressed LH release, but only sparingly stimulated PRL
      release. Delta receptor peptide (a specific delta receptor agonist; 10
      micrograms) selectively suppressed LH release. Bremazocine (a specific kappa
      receptor agonist; 0.5 mg/kg) administered intravenously suppressed LH release
      selectively. These studies show that of the four endogenous opioid peptides
      tested beta E was most effective in evoking sequential PRL and LH responses, and
      these effects may be mediated by either epsilon receptors or multiple opiate
      receptor subtypes; stimulation of kappa receptors by bynorphin or bremazocine
      suppressed LH release, and further studies would be needed to understand the mode
      of action of the two enkephalins and the delta opiate receptors in eliciting
      disparate PRL and LH responses.

PMID- 4047343
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and cerebrospinal fluid infusion in children. Part
      I: A revised method and a review.
AB  - In the study of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in children with macrocephaly, the
      lumbar CSF infusion technique has always been used. Previous studies showed, that
      the regulation of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics are mainly determined by Pressure
      Volume Index (PVI) and outflow resistance (Ro). Recent studies have shown, that
      the relationship between pressure and volume is mono exponential with a constant.
      This result suggests a third parameter c. PVI, Ro and c were determined with a
      combination of bolusmethod and a constant flow infusion.

PMID- 4047344
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and cerebrospinal fluid infusion in children. Part
      II: Clinical application of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid infusion in children with
      macrocephaly and normal growth rate of the head circumference.
AB  - In fourteen children with macrocephaly and a normal growth rate of the head
      circumference, the CSF dynamics were studied by means of the lumbar CSF infusion
      test with constant flow. We discuss the significance of the outflow resistance
      together with the advantage of the Pressure Volume Index, which constitute the
      major parameters of the test. On the basis of computed tomography, we were able
      to show a differentiation in macrocephaly between megalencephaly, so-called
      external ventricular obstructive hydrocephalus and communicating hydrocephalus.
      We were not able to establish a disturbance of the CSF dynamics in megalencephaly
      and external ventricular obstructive hydrocephalus. In communicating
      hydrocephalus, CSF absorption was normal, whilst the Pressure Volume Index was
      elevated. As far as we have been able to ascertain, we are the first in the field
      to point to a positive correlation between ventricular size and Pressure Volume
      Index in children with moderately enlarged CSF-spaces.

PMID- 4047345
TI  - Cystathionine disappearance with neuronal loss: a possible neuronal marker.
AB  - Cystathionine is an important intermediate in the transsulfuration pathway of
      methionine catabolism and is normally present in high concentration in the human
      CNS. We have measured the concentration of cystathionine, other amino acids, and
      brain proteins in the cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex and spinal cord of two
      cases with ceroid lipofuscinosis. Neuropathological and biochemical studies of
      Case 1, at an advanced stage, Case 2, at an early stage, and five controls were
      correlated with clinical and neurological findings. The concentration of an
      unidentified 54,000 Dalton protein was greatly increased in Case 1 as observed by
      2-D gel electrophoresis. Neurons and cystathionine were almost totally absent
      from the cortex and cerebellum of Case 1, while they were slightly reduced in
      Case 2, in comparison to control brains. These studies suggest that cystathionine
      may be specifically located within neurons. We present for the first time the
      observation that there was a strikingly low brain concentration of cystathionine,
      a potential neuronal marker, in an advanced stage of a neurodegenerative process.

PMID- 4047346
TI  - Ophthalmological, psychometric and therapeutic investigation in two sisters with
      hereditary glutathione synthetase deficiency (5-oxoprolinuria).
AB  - Two sisters with hereditary glutathione synthetase deficiency (5-oxoprolinuria)
      were investigated. Assays of erythrocyte enzyme levels in relatives revealed
      additional clinically healthy carriers. The girls had chronic metabolic acidosis,
      which was corrected by substitution with bicarbonate. They had an increased rate
      of hemolysis which was well compensated. Their granulocyte function was normal
      when tested in vitro. In both girls mental retardation developed progressively
      without additional clinical neurological symptoms. Their electroretinograms were
      abnormal indicating disturbed retinal electrophysiological function. Therapeutic
      trials were performed with oral administration of glutathione (Tathion),
      mercaptopropionylglycine (Thiola) and vitamin E. None of these compounds had an
      effect on the urinary excretion of 5-oxoproline, acid-base balance, pathological
      electroretinograms or the clinical condition. Initially, Thiola therapy increased
      the low levels of glutathione in patient erythrocytes but after several months of
      treatment the concentration of glutathione declined to pretreatment levels. There
      was no indication that orally administered glutathione, mercaptopropionylglycine
      or vitamin E had a beneficial effect in the doses used. Nevertheless, vitamin E
      administration has been continued in addition to the correction of acidosis with
      sodium bicarbonate.

PMID- 4047347
TI  - Late-onset globoid cell leucodystrophy (Krabbe's disease). Clinical and genetic
      delineation of two forms and their relation to the early-infantile form.
AB  - A girl is described with a late-onset form of globoid cell leucodystrophy (GLD,
      Krabbe's disease). Data of this patient and seventeen reported patients with late
      onset GLD and cerebroside-beta-galactosidase deficiency were compared with those
      of patients with classical early-infantile GLD. Three phenotypes of GLD are
      proposed, an early-infantile form, and two late-onset forms. Biochemical studies
      demonstrated residual activities of cerebroside-beta-galactocerebrosidase in the
      late-onset forms. The KM values were identical in the three GLD phenotypes.
      Autosomal recessive inheritance is likely for each of the subtypes.
      Complementation studies by somatic cell hybridization suggest that the mutations
      in early-infantile and late-onset GLD are allelic.

PMID- 4047348
TI  - Seizures and electrical discharges in premature infants.
AB  - Electro-clinical seizures or electrical discharges are described in fifty
      premature infants divided in two groups: group A (GA twenty-six to thirty-two
      weeks) = thirty cases - group B (GA thirty-three to thirty-six wks) = twenty
      cases. In both groups, electrical discharges were shorter than electro-clinical
      seizures; during seizures ocular manifestations were frequent; bradycardia
      occurred only in group A. Discharges were associated with other abnormalities
      (absence of normal EEG pattern, presence of rolandic positive spikes) more
      frequently in group B than in group A; they occurred without clinical
      manifestations or coma in nine cases. After anticonvulsant therapy during EEG
      recording, disappearance of clinical manifestations was observed in four cases
      with persistence of electrical discharges. In two cases, complete depression of
      electric activity occurred, lasting less than fifteen minutes. Relatively
      favourable outcome (15%) was observed with discharges lasting less than five
      minutes, and, in six cases out of seven, with presence of normal inter-ictal EEG
      background. EEG helps in recognition of atypical seizures and in assessment of
      therapeutic effect and prognosis.

PMID- 4047349
TI  - A case of congenital neuromuscular disease with uniform type I fibers, abnormal
      mitochondrial network and jagged Z-line.
AB  - Histological, histochemical and ultrastructural studies of muscle biopsy in a
      case of congenital neuromuscular disease revealed unusual findings consisting of
      muscle fibers uniformity which were all type I and of small diameter, jagged Z
      line and abnormally developed transverse network of mitochondria. E.M.G.
      examination demonstrated a myopathic pattern, but mitochondrial changes are quite
      different from those reported in mitochondrial myopathies and jagged Z-line seems
      poorly correlated with Z-line streaming present in denervation atrophy, target
      fibers, core-like lesions or other Z-line abnormalities of the nemaline myopathy.
      On the other hand type I histochemical uniformity seems more likely related to
      some dysfunction of the neuronal mechanisms that control both the fiber type
      differentiation and other trophic influences. It also suggests that myogenic
      E.M.G. pattern might actually be pseudo-myopathic and due to a reduction of the
      cross sectional area of the individual muscle fibers composing the motor unit.

PMID- 4047350
TI  - Finger- and toenail hypoplasia after carbamazepine monotherapy in late pregnancy.

PMID- 4047351
TI  - Vasotocin-like activity of cerebrospinal fluid induced by habenular lesions in
      cats.
AB  - The cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, taken at 30, 60, 120 and 180
      minutes after multiple electrolitic lesions of lateral habenular (LHB) lesions or
      of thalamus, performed in urethane anesthetized cats, were assayed for their
      antidiuretic and hydroosmotic activities before and after trypsine or
      thioglycollate incubation. LHB but not thalamic lesions, specifically induced the
      appearance of antidiuretic and hydroosmotic activities at 60 and 120 minutes. The
      activities decreased under the bioassays sensibilities at 180 minutes. The
      biological activities of the CSF samples, their ratio as well as their
      susceptibility to tryptic digestion and thioglycollate incubation suggest that
      LHB lesions induce the release of a basic peptide with a disulfide bound,
      indistinguishable from arginine vasotocin (AVT). Since it was previously argued
      that there is a pineal-habenula circuit with AVT as neuromudulator, it is
      advanced the hypothesis that LHB lesions interfere with an inhibitory feed-back
      loop between habenula and the pineal gland.

PMID- 4047352
TI  - Extraneural metastases in gliosarcoma: a case report and review of the
      literature.
AB  - This report details the case of an 11-year-old girl with gliosarcoma and her
      rapid demise after a brief asymptomatic postcraniotomy period. The discussion
      that follows is a collective review of the several aspects illustrated by the
      case history. Special attention is directed toward the pathological features of
      this histological variant of glioblastoma multiforme. The topic of extraneural
      metastasis is reviewed with regard to frequency, mechanisms, sites, and
      prognosis.

PMID- 4047353
TI  - Surgical decompression of anterior and posterior malignant epidural tumors
      compressing the spinal cord: a prospective study.
AB  - Of 167 episodes of spinal epidural neoplastic compression, 86 were treated by
      operation. The surgical approach was prospectively selected according to the
      location of the tumor in the spinal canal. Decompression was achieved by 61
      vertebral body resections (VBRs) and by 25 laminectomies. The indications for
      operation were: neurological relapse after previous radiotherapy, the need to
      make a tissue diagnosis, a radioresistant tumor, and neurological deterioration
      during radiotherapy. Before VBR, 28% (17 of 61) were still able to walk, 51% (31
      of 61) were parAparetic, and 21% (13 of 61) were paraplegic. Bowel and bladder
      dysfunction was present in 49% (30 of 61). After VBR, the outcome of only 57
      procedures was available for evaluation because of the postoperative death of 4
      patients. Eighty per cent (46 of 57) were able to walk, 18% (10 of 57) were
      paraparetic, and 2% (1 of 57) were paraplegic. Ninety-three per cent had normal
      sphincter control. Before laminectomy, 8% (2 of 25) were ambulatory, 84% (21 of
      25) were paraparetic, and 8% (2 of 25) were paraplegic. Bowel and bladder
      dysfunction was present in 76% (19 of 25). After laminectomy, only 23 procedures
      were evaluated because of the postoperative death of 2 patients. Thirty-nine per
      cent (9 of 23) were ambulatory, 35% (8 of 23) were paraparetic, and 26% (6 of 23)
      were paraplegic. Fifty-seven per cent regained normal sphincter control. The
      operative mortality was 7% (4 of 61) in VBR and 8% (2 of 25) in
      laminectomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4047354
TI  - Contraction and relaxation of rabbit basilar artery by thiopental.
AB  - Tension measurements were made on rabbit basilar artery segments to test the
      direct effect of thiopental on serotonin (5HT)- and norepinephrine (NE)-induced
      contraction. At concentrations of 3 X 10(-5) M or greater, thiopental caused
      relaxation of NE-induced tension. Thiopental doses greater than 3 X 10(-4) M had
      a similar relaxing effect on 5HT-induced contraction. However, thiopental doses
      below 3 X 10(-4) M demonstrated an unexpected dose-dependent potentiation of the
      5HT-induced contraction.

PMID- 4047355
TI  - Visual recovery after transsphenoidal removal of pituitary adenomas.
AB  - We reviewed the records of 100 consecutive patients with histologically verified
      pituitary adenomas who underwent transsphenoidal decompression of the optic
      nerves and chiasm. The patients' ages ranged from 18 to 80 years, with a median
      of 52 years. Preoperatively, all patients had objective signs of visual acuity or
      field defects. Postoperatively, visual acuity was normal or improved in 79% of
      the eyes and the visual fields were normal or improved in 74%. The visual outcome
      (for both acuity and fields) was better in younger patients and those with a
      shorter duration of symptoms. Patients with lesser degrees of preoperative visual
      acuity compromise had better postoperative visual acuity outcome. However, the
      severity of preoperative visual field defects did not seem to predict
      postoperative field outcome, and even patients with severe preoperative field
      defects often had striking postoperative improvement. Patients who had undergone
      prior operation were less likely to have either visual acuity or visual field
      improvement after reoperation. Postoperative deterioration in visual acuity was
      noted in only 5 patients (6 eyes). Complications were few. There were 4 instances
      of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, but only 2 patients needed operative repair.
      There was no instance of permanent diabetes insipidus, although 17 patients
      developed transient diabetes insipidus. In most cases, visual improvement was
      sustained. The average duration of follow-up was 26 months. Three patients
      required a subsequent operation to correct visual loss in the immediate
      postoperative period, but only 1 patient has undergone late operation for
      recurrence of tumor. There was no operative mortality.

PMID- 4047356
TI  - Reconstruction of the pituitary fossa in transsphenoidal surgery: an experience
      of 140 cases.
AB  - Even though the main problems of transsphenoidal surgery are encountered during
      the intra- and suprasellar portions of the operation, proper reconstruction of
      the sella turcica plays an important role in the overall results, greatly
      influencing the final outcome. Improper measures may bring about a complicated
      postoperative course, whereas a wise and precise method allows one to control any
      surgical condition, preventing the more dangerous consequences of the
      transsphenoidal approach (i.e., empty sella, cerebrospinal fluid leakage,
      hemorrhage, infection, etc.). The authors review the different methods of sellar
      plugging and, on the basis of their own experience, indicate the most suitable
      one for each of the more usual situations. A good result is achievable if only
      natural materials are used and one avoids synthetic prostheses. Extradural
      packing is the technique of choice whenever a hermetic closure and a particularly
      effective intrasellar plug are required.

PMID- 4047357
TI  - Ventriculitis after metrizamide lumbar myelography.
AB  - A 62-year-old man underwent lumbar metrizamide myelography complicated initially
      by a bout of aseptic chemical meningitis. Afterward, he suffered persistent
      headache, nausea, and blurred vision and, 12 weeks after his myelography,
      computed tomographic scans showed abnormalities consistent with a chronic
      ventriculitis. The case is presented; its pathological substrate and clinical
      implications are discussed.

PMID- 4047358
TI  - Bilateral spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistulas treated by the detachable
      balloon technique: case report.
AB  - This report describes the case of a 39-year-old woman with bilateral spontaneous
      carotid-cavernous fistulas that were treated successfully by the detachable
      balloon technique. The clinical features and management are reviewed.

PMID- 4047359
TI  - Use of the extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass in the management of
      refractory vasospasm: a case report.
AB  - Cerebral arterial vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage remains one
      of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients surviving the initial
      hemorrhage. Once established, no known method has been shown to reverse this
      process in humans. Although intravascular volume expansion and induced arterial
      hypertension have been shown to be effective in the reversal of neurological
      deficits secondary to vasospasm, a large proportion of patients remain refractory
      to these methods. We report one such case successfully managed by the
      establishment of an extracranial-intracranial anastomosis in an attempt to
      augment collateral flow.

PMID- 4047360
TI  - Recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage complicating a traumatic carotid-cavernous
      fistula.
AB  - Recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage complicated a traumatic carotid-cavernous
      fistula in a young man. The fistula drained predominantly into the deep venous
      system of the brain, where the hemorrhage was thought to have occurred.

PMID- 4047361
TI  - Spinal intradural ependymal cyst: a case report and review of the literature.
AB  - Spinal intradural ependymal cysts are extremely rare. The case presented is the
      sixth reported in the literature. The symptoms are consistent clinically and
      radiologically with a spinal intradural space-occupying lesion. The cyst wall is
      lined with both ciliated and nonciliated cells, resting directly on connective
      tissue. The exact embryonal origin of these cysts is obscure.

PMID- 4047362
TI  - Discrepancy between computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in a case
      of medulloblastoma.
AB  - In a 2-year-old girl with signs and symptoms of a posterior fossa tumor, the
      computed tomographic scan showed what appeared to be a brain stem glioma.
      However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated the lesion to be extrinsic
      to the brain stem. Posterior fossa exploration disclosed a medulloblastoma
      filling the 4th ventricle. This discrepancy in imaging techniques points out the
      usefulness of MRI in the evaluation and treatment of posterior fossa lesions.

PMID- 4047363
TI  - Primary intracranial chondrosarcoma: a report of two cases.
AB  - Two cases of primary intracranial chondrosarcoma are presented. The cases were
      similar in that they both arose from the temporal bone, contained both myxomatous
      tissue and material of cartilaginous consistency, and were avascular.
      Histological studies excluded the diagnosis of chondroid chordoma. A brief review
      of the subject is presented.

PMID- 4047364
TI  - Unruptured fusiform aneurysms of the posterior circulation with thalamic
      infarction.
AB  - Three patients with unruptured fusiform aneurysms of the posterior circulation
      presented with nonhemorrhagic thalamic infarctions. All of the aneurysms were
      seen on enhanced computed tomographic (CT) scans preangiographically. Although
      unruptured fusiform aneurysms are probably a rare cause of nonhemorrhagic
      thalamic infarction, their importance lies in the therapeutic implications of
      this diagnosis. In patients with nonhemorrhagic thalamic infarction, we suggest
      careful scrutiny of the blood vessels on enhanced CT scans.

PMID- 4047366
TI  - One-stage reduction cranioplasty for macrocephaly associated with advanced
      hydrocephalus.
AB  - A reduction cranioplasty in one stage was performed on a child with massive
      enlargement of the head secondary to advanced hydrocephalus. The authors discuss
      the techniques and advantages of a modified head position and a cross bar
      craniotomy for reduction cranioplasty.

PMID- 4047365
TI  - Concurrent pineoblastoma and unilateral retinoblastoma: a forme fruste of
      trilateral retinoblastoma?
AB  - A 10-month-old boy who presented with strabismus and symptoms of intracranial
      hypertension was found to have a pineoblastoma and a unilateral ocular
      retinoblastoma. Despite enucleation of the eye, subtotal removal of the
      pineoblastoma, and craniospinal axis irradiation, the patient died 6 months later
      from disseminated intracranial neoplasm. As there was no clinical evidence of
      bilateral retinoblastoma, this case may represent a forme fruste of the
      trilateral retinoblastoma complex. The clinicopathological features of this
      unusual syndrome are reviewed.

PMID- 4047367
TI  - Pseudobulbar palsy after carotid endarterectomy.

PMID- 4047368
TI  - Curable paraplegia.

PMID- 4047369
TI  - Acute subdural hematoma in infancy.

PMID- 4047370
TI  - STA-MCA bypass.

PMID- 4047371
TI  - Persecutory affective psychoses: a follow-up.
AB  - A series of 66 cases with persecutory affective psychoses was followed up between
      5 and 44 years. These psychoses can be considered as a subgroup of
      catamnestically verified paranoid reactive psychoses. They comprise cases with
      and without clouded consciousness. The long-term prognosis is best for cases with
      clouded consciousness at the initial stage of the psychosis. The characteristics
      of premorbid personality, psychological precipitating factors and psychotic
      symptomatology are illustrated by several tables.

PMID- 4047372
TI  - Comparison of AMP system and comprehensive psychopathological rating scale with
      regard to contents.
AB  - Using a sample of 170 patients the psychopathological contents of the AMP system
      and the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) were compared by
      canonical correlations. The nine primary AMP scales predict 86% of the variance
      of the three CPRS scales. 64% of the variance of the nine AMP scales is explained
      by the CPRS scales. The secondary scales are nearly equivalent. The univariate
      analysis showed that all AMP scales with the exception of the 'hostility
      syndrome' and the 'catatonic syndrome' correlate highly with one of the
      psychopathological CPRS scales.

PMID- 4047373
TI  - Sensation seeking, mania, and monoamines.
AB  - Mania is a clinical state that could be described as sensation seeking behavior
      out of control. This article describes the biochemical correlates of the
      sensation seeking trait in normals including: gonadal hormones, monoamine
      oxidase, CSF norepinephrine, plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and serotonin. The
      findings on monoamines and their neuroregulators in manic and depressed states of
      bipolar affective disorders are also discussed. Some hypotheses are suggested
      that link the personality disposition with the variations in the clinical state,
      and make some high sensation seekers 'at risk' for the affective disorder.

PMID- 4047374
TI  - Coping, stress, stressors and health consequences.
AB  - The conventional sequence of stressful event (stressor) causing stress
      (biochemical and physiological changes) which, in turn, causes pathological
      consequences (diseases) is examined. A number of experiments are described which
      show that biochemical, physiological and/or pathological changes in an organism
      do not seem to be caused by the aversive or noxious nature of the stressor but by
      the ability or inability of the organism to deal with this stressor. If an
      individual can cope successfully with the environmental challenge, little or no
      stress is experienced, the challenge is viewed as only minimal stressful and no
      major health consequences seem to arise. If an individual cannot cope or needs a
      great deal of effort to cope, stress is experienced, the environmental event
      becomes stressful and major health consequences seem to arise. Thus, coping
      strategies available to and employed by an individual will determine whether or
      not stress is experienced, whether or not an event becomes stressful and whether
      or not pathological consequences will occur.

PMID- 4047375
TI  - Effects of tobacco and distraction on sensory and slow cortical evoked potentials
      during task performance.
AB  - Sensory and slow cortical evoked potentials (EP) of female smokers were
      investigated under two conditions in separate sham and real smoking sessions: a
      non-distraction (ND) condition consisting of a constant fore-period S1-S2, i.e.,
      a single-choice reaction time situation with a tone (S1)/light (S2) key press
      sequence, and a task distraction (TD) condition identical to ND with the addition
      of a short-term memory task consisting of four letters presented within the S1-S2
      interval with the requirement that subjects repeat after key press to the light.
      Two individual EP peaks, N1 and P2, were involved in the amplitude analysis of S1
      and S2 stimuli; in addition, the amplitude of the slow contingent negative
      variation (CNV) developing between S1 and S2 was analyzed. Tobacco significantly
      altered the amplitude of P2 in response to S1 and CNV amplitudes depending on the
      pre-experimental expired air carbon monoxide (CO) levels of the smokers. Smokers
      exhibiting low pre-experimental CO levels evidenced tobacco-induced P2 reductions
      and CNV increments during the ND condition while subjects exhibiting high pre
      experimental CO levels displayed similar cortical changes but in the TD
      conditions. The results are discussed in relation to the role of nicotine and to
      improved attention and information processing.

PMID- 4047376
TI  - Electroencephalographic cartography. II. By means of statistical group studies
      activation by visual attention.
AB  - 10 male volunteers, right-handers, mean age 30.4 years, were recorded in four
      successive sequences: under 'eyes closed' conditions, right and then left
      hemisphere, followed by an 'eyes open' situation with visual attention fixed on a
      cartoon, right and then left hemisphere recordings. Each EEG recording was made
      simultaneously over 16 EEG channels for each hemisphere, according to a protocol
      previously described as well as Fourier analysis and EEG mapping on a
      minicomputer (HP 5451 C, HP 1000). Each EEG recording was stored on a cartography
      data base, and 90 maps could be drawn from 10 spectral parameters applied to the
      raw EEG and 5 frequency bands. Permutation paired Fisher tests were applied to
      three main EEG parameters: mean centroid frequencies, RMS amplitudes in
      microvolts and relative (%) amplitudes. Activation of EEG in the 'eyes open'
      situation during visual fixation was found compared to the 'eyes closed'
      situation: decreasing dominant EEG frequency and low delta and theta mean
      frequencies, no change in a mean alpha frequency; increasing fast mean beta
      frequencies, together with a major decrease in theta, alpha, beta 1 amplitudes,
      and a concomitant increase in raw EEG, delta and beta 2 amplitudes. Finally, the
      percent alpha amplitude was decreased when other percent amplitudes were
      increased in delta, theta, beta 1 and beta 2 frequency bands. A symmetry between
      hemispheres was observed in the 'eyes closed' situation. Averaged EEG maps
      between subjects illustrate these findings, especially relative (%) alpha
      amplitude maps and also maps of coefficients of resonance of the alpha rhythm.

PMID- 4047377
TI  - Effects of flunarizine on recovery of cerebral function following cardiac arrest.
AB  - A 10-min cardiac arrest was produced in alfentanil-anesthetised dogs by
      electrical fibrillation of the heart. Recovery of cerebral function was monitored
      by 3 separate EEG techniques and visual assessment of neurologic deficit. The EEG
      techniques were visual scoring, broad-band power spectral analysis and period
      amplitude analysis. The treatment group (n = 8) received flunarizine (0.1 mg/kg
      i.v.) at the beginning of resuscitation, while control animals (n = 8) were given
      the drug vehicle. A significant improvement in the visual EEG score and
      neurologic deficit 6 h after insult was noted in flunarizine-treated dogs. The
      extent of neurologic recovery was significantly correlated with the visual EEG
      score, with the relative power in the alpha frequency band (7.5-13.5 c/s) and
      with the percentage of zero-cross frequency.

PMID- 4047378
TI  - Quantitative EEG study in patients with cerebral ischemia during nimodipine
      treatment.
AB  - In a group of 15 patients with chronic unilateral cerebral ischemia, a
      quantitative EEG study was performed before, during and after nimodipine (Bay e
      9736) infusion (1 microgram/kg/min). The EEG was recorded bipolarly from the
      rolandic region. After computerized EEG analysis, a multiparametric asymmetry
      score (MAS) was calculated; this MAS provides a sensitive indicator for
      discrimination between neurologically normal subjects and patients with
      unilateral ischemia. A positive MAS is characteristic for healthy subjects, a
      negative one for ischemia patients. During nimodipine treatment, the MAS became
      more negative (increased EEG asymmetry) in 7 and less negative (decreased EEG
      asymmetry) in 8 patients. A correlation was found between the direction of the
      EEG asymmetry changes and the localization of the infarcted area as seen in the
      CT scan.

PMID- 4047380
TI  - Biochemical and diagnostic classification and serum drug levels: relation to
      antidepressive effect of imipramine.
AB  - The relationship between clinical effect of imipramine (IP) in 39 depressed
      patients and biochemical distinction, serum drug levels, and diagnostic
      classification was investigated retrospectively. Based on pretreatment plasma
      ratios of tryptophan and tyrosine to competing amino acids, which reflect the
      availability of the precursor amino acids to the brain, the patient sample was
      separated in two halfparts. The one group with low net availability of tryptophan
      and tyrosine improved significantly more than the other group with comparable
      mean serum drug levels. In the former group there was no association between
      clinical improvement and serum drug levels, whereas in the latter group the
      patients with serum IP plus desipramine (DMI) above 180 ng/ml improved
      significantly more than patients with lower levels. There was an indication that
      a serum ratio of IP:DMI below 0.2 was associated with a poor response. Patients
      classified as nonendogenous depressives by means of the Newcastle II scale showed
      about the same response pattern as endogenous depressives with comparable plasma
      amino acid profiles and serum drug levels. Based on amino acid patterns and serum
      drug levels only half of the patients received an optimal therapy on the applied
      schematic dosage schedule. Thus, biochemical classification rather than
      diagnostic may be a useful remedy for the adjustment of serum IP plus DMI to
      appropriate levels in individual depressives.

PMID- 4047379
TI  - Neuroendocrine differences between violent and non-violent parasuicides.
AB  - 13 patients who had used violent means of parasuicide, e.g. jumping from a height
      and hanging were compared with 19 wrist-slashers. The former had significantly
      higher 24-hour urinary cortisol levels and significantly lower 24-hour
      norepinephrine to epinephrine ratio. It would seem that in conjunction with the
      other established neuroendocrine markers, the above-mentioned tests can be of
      assistance in determination of suicidal intent.

PMID- 4047381
TI  - Prevalence of age psychosis and mortality among age psychotics in the Lundby
      Study. Changes over time during a 25-year observation period.
AB  - It has been suggested that persons suffering from age psychosis have benefited
      from social and medical improvement in the society so that they live longer with
      their illness than they did before. The Lundby cohort comprises 3,563 persons
      from a total population, followed concerning mental disorders for 15 or 25 years.
      In the present study we have investigated the changes over time concerning
      prevalence of age psychosis and mortality among age psychotics in the Lundby
      Study during the 25-year observation period. When the first 10-year period was
      compared with the second 15-year period, the figures for average prevalence of
      age psychosis and death risk associated with a diagnosis of age psychosis had
      generally decreased in both sexes, but the differences found between the two time
      periods did not reach statistical significance. A significantly lower mortality
      during the second time period was found among mentally healthy women.

PMID- 4047382
TI  - Effect of bromocriptine mesylate on induced hyperprolactinemia in stabilized
      psychiatric outpatients undergoing neuroleptic treatment.
AB  - Therapeutic doses of phenothiazines increased serum levels of prolactin,
      resulting in a number of side effects. Bromocriptine, a potent dopamine agonist,
      appears to effectively reduce the serum prolactin level. In this open pilot
      study, bromocriptine mesylate (Parlodel, Sandoz) was administered in an
      escalating dose schedule to 11 stabilized psychiatric outpatients with
      hyperprolactinemia resulting from thioridazine HCl (Mellaril, Sandoz) treatment.
      6 of 9 patients showed decreases. Overall global psychiatric evaluations were
      unchanged over the course of combined therapy for all but 1 patient, who showed
      improvement. The trend of decreased prolactin serum levels indicates that
      bromocriptine mesylate may prove a useful adjunct to reduce the side effects of
      hyperprolactinemia.

PMID- 4047383
TI  - Scale construction of the Swedish CPRS version.
AB  - A sample of 161 schizophrenic and depressive patients were interviewed in a
      Stockholm hospital to find out whether the Comprehensive Psychopathological
      Rating Scale construction carried out by Maurer et al. [Int. Pharmacopsychiat.
      17: 338-353, 1982] and valid for German-speaking areas could be reproduced with a
      Swedish-speaking sample. Only the superimposed 2-factor solution resembled, in
      its factor-structure, that of Maurer et al. (depressive and schizophrenic
      syndrome). The fact that a 'depressive' syndrome was found instead of a 'manic
      depressive' syndrome, is to be attributed to the different sample compositions.

PMID- 4047384
TI  - Effect of beta-receptor blockade on anxiety with reference to the three-systems
      model of phobic behavior.
AB  - 14 phobic subjects were given propranolol (Inderal), atenolol (Tenormin) and
      placebo in a double-blind fashion according to a repeated measurement design.
      Subjects were exposed to their source of fear while their anxiety and
      cardiovascular responses (heart rate, blood pressure and peripheral temperature)
      were recorded. In accordance with the Three-Systems Model of fear and phobias,
      the subjects were divided into two groups of high and low physiological reactors,
      operationalized by the cardiovascular items in their anxiety pattern from a
      revised version of the Autonomic Perception Questionnaire (APQ). It was found
      that beta-blockade had the predicted effect on heart rate and peripheral
      temperature while diastolic blood pressure was unaffected. The systolic blood
      pressure finally was lowered for the low cardiovascular reactors. The
      subjectively rated anxiety rose consistently during exposure. There was no
      general effect of the beta-blocking drugs on subjective anxiety. For the high
      cardiovascular reactors propranolol was associated with a higher anxiety level.

PMID- 4047385
TI  - NMR imaging of congenital intracranial germinal layer neoplasms.
AB  - NMR images in five patients with surgically proved, congenital germinal layer
      intracranial neoplasms (two dermoid and three epidermoid tumors) were reviewed.
      The dermoids were typically midline (suprasellar or parapineal) masses with
      sharply-defined margins. Relaxation times were variable, but if fat was present,
      T1 was decreased, and T2 was increased. The epidermoids were off the midline
      (cerebellopontine angle, temporal lobe, frontal lobe) masses with generally long
      T1 and T2 relaxation times. Obstructive hydrocephaly was noted in one patient,
      and tumor to ventricular communication was demonstrated in another.

PMID- 4047386
TI  - CT findings in eclampsia.
AB  - Cranial CT was performed in five patients with eclampsia: densitometric
      modifications were present in all cases. Only one patient, who later died,
      displayed multiple foci of cerebral haemorrhage; all others presented bilateral,
      symmetrical, nonenhancing hypodensities with mass effect interpreted as cerebral
      oedema. At CT performed 7-14 days after interruption of the pregnancy, these
      characteristic hypodense lesions were no longer present while neurological
      symptoms disappeared.

PMID- 4047387
TI  - Cerebral amyloid angiopathy associated with massive intracerebral hemorrhage.
AB  - Characteristic computed tomographic, clinical and pathologic features are
      discussed in two patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) associated with
      massive intracerebral hemorrhage. Amyloid angiopathy should be considered in any
      elderly patient in whom intracerebral hemorrhage occurs at an atypical site.
      Cortical involvement, multiplicity of hemorrhages, bilaterality, and repeated
      episodes should further arouse diagnostic suspicion. Clinical management is
      confined to prevention of systemic hypertension.

PMID- 4047388
TI  - Aberrant internal carotid artery lying within the middle ear. High resolution CT
      diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
AB  - The CT signs of aberrant course of the internal carotid artery are presented and
      are contrasted against those of anomalously high jugular bulb, glomus tympanicum
      and cholesterol granuloma.

PMID- 4047389
TI  - Spontaneous dissecting aneurysm of the extracranial vertebral artery (20 cases).
AB  - Spontaneous dissecting aneurysm of the vertebral artery is an infrequent cause of
      vertebro basilar ischemic strokes. Previously reported cases concern essentially
      occlusion of the basilar artery. Only 14 cases of spontaneous dissecting aneurysm
      concern the extracranial vertebral artery among these eight were angiographically
      documented. In this study based upon 15 patients (20 dissecting aneurysms), the
      authors discuss etiological factors, such as hypertension or fibromuscular
      dysplasia: on clinical findings they insist upon the diagnostic value of
      preliminary symptoms, cervical pain or posterior headaches; the most frequent
      angiographic appearance was a long and irregular stenosis of one or two segments
      of the vertebral artery. The prognosis of these aneurysms most often appears
      favourable in this group.

PMID- 4047390
TI  - The correlation of myelographic root sleeve deformity, uncovertebral spondylosis
      and radiculopathy.
AB  - Myelographic root sleeve deformities, uncovertebral spondylosis and myelopathy
      were correlated in 56 patients. Good correlation between root sleeve deformities
      and uncovertebral spondylosis was found. However, in some cases with spinal canal
      stenosis root sleeve deformities were found without corresponding bone changes.
      The correlation of radiculopathy to root sleeve deformity and uncovertebral
      spondylosis was 61 and 67%, respectively. Radiologic changes at an adjacent root
      level were often seen in patients without clinically correlated radiculopathy.
      The myelographic changes were verified at operation in all the 46 patients
      operated upon.

PMID- 4047392
TI  - Intraspinal synovial cyst: diagnosis by CT. Follow-up and spontaneous remission.
AB  - We report a case of intraspinal synovial cyst with sciatic pain diagnosed by CT,
      that showed spontaneous resolution and clinical improvement with medical
      treatment and comment on another two cases of this unusual entity discovered
      among over 1500 spinal CT explorations.

PMID- 4047391
TI  - Effects of intracarotid ioxaglate on the normal blood-brain barrier. A comparison
      of two animal models.
AB  - Using two different models, the effect on the blood-brain barrier of intracarotid
      injections of sodium/meglumine ioxaglate at similar iodine concentrations (280
      mgI/ml) was investigated. In both models the degree of blood-brain barrier damage
      was assessed visually using Evans' Blue stain. Quantitative assessment of blood
      brain barrier disruption was made by contrast enhancement as measured by CT of
      the dog brain, and by 99mTc-pertechnetate uptake by the brain in the rabbit
      model. No Evans' Blue staining was observed in any study using the canine/CT
      model. Slight staining was observed in two studies with ioxaglate using the
      rabbit/pertechnetate model. Statistical analysis of results from the canine/CT
      model did not detect any damage to the blood-brain barrier with either ioxaglate
      or saline control studies (P greater than 0.1). However, in the
      rabbit/pertechnetate model a slight increase in disruption of the blood-brain
      barrier was observed with ioxaglate compared with control studies, but this was
      only significant at the 0.1 level. The results suggest that the
      rabbit/pertechnetate model is a more sensitive measure of blood-brain barrier
      disruption than the canine/CT model. This study also demonstrates that blood
      brain barrier disruption following intracarotid injection of ioxaglate is
      minimal.

PMID- 4047393
TI  - Agenesis of the internal carotid artery with a large hemangioma of the tongue.
AB  - A case of agenesis of the left internal carotid artery combined with a large
      cavernous hemangioma of the tongue is reported. The detailed angiographic
      findings are demonstrated together with the poly- or computed tomographic
      findings of the skull. A review of the pertinent literature is presented.

PMID- 4047394
TI  - Diffuse sclerosis. Clinical, neuroradiological and neuropathological findings.
AB  - The clinical radiological and pathological findings in a case of diffuse
      sclerosis are described with special emphasis on the premortem diagnosis.

PMID- 4047395
TI  - A case of orbital chondrosarcoma.

PMID- 4047396
TI  - Abstracts. 12th Congress of the European Society of Neuroradiology. Prague, 27-29
      September 1984.

PMID- 4047397
TI  - An electrophysiological study of the neural projections from the hippocampus to
      the ventral pallidum and the subpallidal areas by way of the nucleus accumbens.
AB  - The integrative role of the ventral striatum in transmitting signals from the
      hippocampus to the ventral pallidal and subpallidal areas was investigated in
      urethane-anaesthetized rats using an extracellular single-unit recording
      technique. Neurones of the nucleus accumbens were first activated by single-pulse
      stimulation of the ventral subiculum of the hippocampus. Further tests were made
      to investigate whether these accumbens neurones could be activated antidromically
      by stimulation of either the ventral pallidal or subpallidal areas. More than 4
      times as many accumbens neurones, activated by hippocampal stimulation, responded
      antidromically to stimulation of subcommissural ventral pallidum than to
      stimulation of the sublenticular subpallidal area. This observation suggests that
      the hippocampus has preferential inputs to accumbens efferent neurones which
      project monosynaptically to the ventral pallidum. Spontaneously active neurones
      in the ventral pallidum and subpallidal area were inhibited by stimulation of the
      ventral subiculum of the hippocampus. These inhibitory responses were reduced
      when glutamic acid diethyl ester, a glutamate antagonist, was microinjected into
      the medial accumbens, apparently blocking the hippocampal-accumbens glutamatergic
      synapses to both the ventral pallidal-directed and the subpallidal-directed
      accumbens efferents. This evidence suggests that signals from the hippocampus
      reach ventral pallidal and subpallidal regions by way of the nucleus accumbens.
      The presence of a projection from ventral pallidal and subpallidal regions to the
      brainstem mesencephalic locomotor region further supports the hypothesis that
      limbic (e.g. hippocampus) can influence somatomotor activities by way of the
      nucleus accumbens and its efferent projection to ventral pallidal and subpallidal
      regions.

PMID- 4047398
TI  - Release of proenkephalin-derived opioid peptides from rat striatum in vitro and
      their rapid degradation.
AB  - In a previous paper we demonstrated that the heptapeptide [Met]enkephalyl-Arg6
      Phe7 was released from rat striatal slices by high K+ concentration and rapidly
      degraded by peptidases, even in the presence of the neutral endopeptidase 24.11
      ("enkephalinase")-inhibitor, thiorphan (0.1 microM), the angiotensin-converting
      enzyme inhibitor, captopril (1 microM), and the aminopeptidase inhibitor,
      bestatin (20 microM). In this study the pattern of degradation of exogenous
      [3H]heptapeptide by rat striatal slices has been studied. The angiotensin
      converting enzyme and aminopeptidase(s) were partly responsible for this
      degradation. In addition an enzymatic activity that cleaved the Phe4-Met5 bond
      was involved in the degradation of the heptapeptide by striatal slices. This
      activity was inhibited by the dipeptide Leu-Arg (1 mM) and the tripeptide Leu-Arg
      Leu (1 mM). The simultaneous presence of thiorphan (0.1 microM), captopril (1
      microM), bestatin (20 microM) and Leu-Arg (1 mM) almost completely inhibited the
      degradation of [3H]heptapeptide by striatal slices. In the presence of these
      peptidase inhibitors a concomitant release of [Met]enkephalin, the heptapeptide
      [Met]enkephalyl-Arg6-Phe7 and the octapeptide [Met]enkephalyl-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 was
      evoked by KCl or veratridine. The K+-evoked release was by a Ca2+-dependent
      mechanism and the release evoked by veratridine was blocked by tetrodotoxin. In
      both cases the ratio of [Met]enkephalin to heptapeptide amounts released was
      close to that found in their common precursor, proenkephalin. Thus the
      enkephalinergic neuron appears to be capable of synthesizing, from a unique
      precursor, four different putative opioid neurotransmitters, namely
      [Met]enkephalin, [Leu]enkephalin, the heptapeptide [Met]enkephalyl-Arg6-Phe7 and
      the octapeptide [Met]enkephalyl-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8, to store these peptides and to
      release them upon depolarization.

PMID- 4047399
TI  - The importance of central noradrenergic neurones in the formation of an olfactory
      memory in the prevention of pregnancy block.
AB  - The olfactory block to pregnancy in mice is caused by a primer pheromone acting
      via the accessory olfactory system which projects to the mediobasal hypothalamus
      via the corticomedial amygdala. Only pheromones from males that are different to
      those of the stud (strange male pheromones) block pregnancy-hence mating
      "imprints" recognition of stud male pheromones. The olfactory bulbs receive
      centrifugal noradrenergic projections from the brainstem via the medial olfactory
      striae, which terminate in both main and accessory bulbs. Removal of these
      projections by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the striae, 6 days prior to
      mating, effectively depletes olfactory bulb noradrenaline and results in a
      failure by the female to recognize the stud male. In this condition the stud
      male's pheromones now block his own pregnancy. However, removal of noradrenaline
      after "imprint" formation at mating does not prevent recognition of the study
      pheromone implying that noradrenaline is required for formation, but not recall
      of the memory of the stud male's odour. Noradrenaline turnover in the bulbs,
      after alpha-methylparatyrosine injection, increases after cervical stimulation.
      Significantly higher rates of turnover are found at 1, 2 and 3 h, but not at 6,
      12, 24 or 48 h post-stimulation. This is in accordance with our finding that the
      minimum time of exposure to the stud male pheromone in order for the memory to be
      formed lies between 3 and 4.5 h. In those females allowed to remain with the male
      for 3 h post-coitus, only 30% remain pregnant on the re-introduction to the stud
      the following day, whereas in females exposed for 4.5 h, 86% remain
      pregnant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4047400
TI  - Transient populations of presumptive macrophages in the brain of the developing
      hamster, as indicated by endocytosis of blood-borne horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - During postnatal development, clusters of cells associated with the mononuclear
      phagocytic system appear within the white matter of rodents and cats. We studied
      the distribution and morphology of these cells in the hamster's brain during the
      first 2 weeks after birth. In animals of different ages, horseradish peroxidase
      was injected into the heart. After 3-6 h survival, the animals were perfused with
      aldehydes and had their brains removed, cut and reacted. In another series, fixed
      brain sections from horseradish peroxidase-injected and non-injected animals were
      reacted for a non-specific esterase expressed by monocytes and macrophages. The
      horseradish peroxidase reaction-product was seen throughout the nervous tissue at
      the first postnatal day, appearing more concentrated in certain brain sectors
      from postnatal day 3 through 10, to finally become restricted to a few regions at
      postnatal day 16. Horseradish peroxidase-labeled cells appeared in increasing
      numbers from postnatal day 1 to 8, decreasing thereafter to disappear completely
      at postnatal day 16. Some labeled cells were roundish or elliptical with few, if
      any, processes; others had several clearly detectable processes. Horseradish
      peroxidase-labelled cells formed clusters within the dorsal subventricular zone,
      dorsal cortical white matter, corpus callosum and several other prosencephalic
      fiber tracts. The morphology of esterase-reactive cells was less clearly outlined
      but their distribution and relative density correlated with those of horseradish
      peroxidase-labeled cells. Also, many horseradish peroxidase-labeled cells were
      esterase-positive in most clusters. We conclude that (1) some cells in the
      developing brain selectively endocytose and accumulate blood-borne horseradish
      peroxidase in their cytoplasm, (2) these cells do not appear to be neurons but a
      particular cell type associated to the mononuclear phagocytic system and (3) they
      cluster transiently in particular sectors of the cortical and subcortical white
      matter during the first 2 weeks after birth.

PMID- 4047401
TI  - Identification and partial purification of fibroblast growth factor from the
      brains of developing rats and leucodystrophic mutant mice.
AB  - High titres of fibroblast growth factor activity (assessed by mitogenicity for
      Balb/c 3T3 fibroblast cells in vitro) have been extracted from the brains of
      foetal and neonatal rats long before myelinogenesis commences, from the brains of
      hypomyelinated, leucodystrophic, murine mutants and from normal adult rats.
      Partial purification, by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration,
      indicates that the brain fibroblast growth factor activity from these sources is
      associated with very similar basic protein fractions. These results, together
      with the observation that none of the samples of partially purified basic
      fibroblast growth factor elicits the experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
      response attributed to myelin basic protein in the rat, suggest that basic
      fibroblast growth factor is not a degradation product of myelin basic protein.

PMID- 4047402
TI  - Computer simulations indicate that electrical field effects contribute to the
      shape of the epileptiform field potential.
AB  - In the presence of convulsant drugs such as picrotoxin, neurons in the
      hippocampal-slice preparation generate synchronized depolarizing bursts. This
      synchrony occurs on a time scale of tens of milliseconds and is produced by
      excitatory synaptic interactions between neurons. The synaptic interactions
      themselves occur on a time scale of tens of milliseconds. The "epileptiform"
      local-field potential during such synchronized bursts is comb-shaped ("ringing"),
      whereas the field potential expected if action potentials in neighboring neurons
      were uncorrelated is noisy and not comb-shaped. This suggests that individual
      action potentials are locally synchronized on a time scale of 1 ms. We have
      previously shown, using computer simulations, that electrical interactions-
      mediated by currents flowing in the extracellular medium--can plausibly explain
      action-potential synchronization in experiments where chemical synapses are
      blocked. The present simulations demonstrate that electrical interactions can
      also account for action-potential synchronization--and thus the "ringing" shape
      of the field potential--during epileptiform bursts, where excitatory synapses are
      functional. The field potential is thus a modulating influence on, as well as a
      reflection of, underlying neuronal transmembrane events.

PMID- 4047403
TI  - The role of the gamma-aminobutyrate system in the interactions of cortical evoked
      potentials.
AB  - The interactions between acoustic and somatosensory evoked potentials were
      examined in the anterior suprasylvian gyrus of the cat. Under conditions of
      barbiturate anaesthesia, occlusion was the dominant form of interaction. gamma
      Aminobutyrate in local and intravenous application, and baclofen and diazepam in
      intravenous application significantly deepened the occlusion. gamma-Aminobutyrate
      antagonists, picrotoxin and bicuculline, in subconvulsive doses decreased
      occlusion or turned it into facilitation. gamma-Aminobutyrate agonists and gamma
      aminobutyrate depressed and gamma-aminobutyrate antagonists enhanced the
      amplitude of the evoked potentials but the interactions by themselves proved
      independent from the absolute amplitudes. The interactions between evoked
      potentials of different modalities in the association cortex of the cat can be
      regarded as an expression of the actual equilibrium between excitatory and
      inhibitory interneuronal systems.

PMID- 4047404
TI  - [Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity
      of the brain of rats with extrapyramidal syndrome after acute manganese chloride
      poisoning].

PMID- 4047405
TI  - [Morphometric evaluation of the process of myelination in the pt rabbit brain. I.
      The optic nerve].

PMID- 4047406
TI  - Cardiovascular response to greater petrosal nerve section as method of prevention
      of experimental cerebral vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage.

PMID- 4047407
TI  - Capillary blood vessels of the brain. III. Terminal vessel ultrastructure in the
      nuclei of the cat amygdaloid body. Morphometric studies.

PMID- 4047408
TI  - [Comparative study of the activity of fendiline and nifedipine in ischemic heart
      disease].

PMID- 4047409
TI  - [Computerized echocardiography of left ventricular function in patients with
      progressive muscular dystrophy and dystrophia myotonica].

PMID- 4047410
TI  - [Validity of the echocardiographic method in the determination of systolic output
      in pregnancy].

PMID- 4047411
TI  - [Vectorcardiography and M-mode echocardiography in arterial hypertension].

PMID- 4047412
TI  - [Arrhythmia as a frequent cause of syncope: study using dynamic Holter
      electrocardiography].

PMID- 4047413
TI  - [Diagnostic problems in relation to left bundle branch block and ventricular pre
      excitation. Electro-vectorcardiographic study].

PMID- 4047414
TI  - [Valve surgery in acute endocarditis infections].

PMID- 4047416
TI  - [Angiodysplasia and varices of the lower limbs].

PMID- 4047415
TI  - [Emergency and repeat dissection of the thoracic aorta. Apropos of 45 surgical
      cases].

PMID- 4047417
TI  - [The treatment of lymphedema: a study tour to Shanghai in search of a Chinese
      cure. The 2d Shanghai Medical School (11-25 November 1984)].

PMID- 4047418
TI  - [Myocardial infarct in the acute phase. Recent diagnostic advances].

PMID- 4047419
TI  - [Unusual echocardiographic pattern of left endoventricular thrombosis
      disappearing after anticoagulant therapy].

PMID- 4047420
TI  - [Noninvasive diagnosis of cardiac myxomas].

PMID- 4047421
TI  - [M-mode echocardiographic evaluation of antihypertensive efficacy and the
      mechanism of action of pindolol].

PMID- 4047422
TI  - [Echo-polygraphic study of total and parietal contractility of the left ventricle
      in stabilized myocardial infarct].

PMID- 4047423
TI  - [Sclerodermatous cardiopathy. Clinico-statistical considerations].

PMID- 4047424
TI  - [Restrictive cardiomyopathy caused by endomyocardial fibrosis. Description of a
      case observed in Piedmont].

PMID- 4047426
TI  - [Amiodarone-induced polyneuritis].

PMID- 4047427
TI  - [Use of buflomedil chlorhydrate in vertiginous patients. Vertigo].

PMID- 4047425
TI  - [Clinical and hemodynamic effects of nifedipine administered sublingually in
      obliterating arteriopathies of lower limbs].

PMID- 4047429
TI  - [Observations on iatrogenic superficial thrombophlebitis].

PMID- 4047428
TI  - [State of blood digoxin after acute simultaneous administration of digoxin and
      verapamil].

PMID- 4047430
TI  - [Rhabdomyolysis induced by succinylcholine and halothane in children. Description
      of a clinical case].

PMID- 4047431
TI  - [Central venous catheterization].

PMID- 4047432
TI  - [Neurosurgical treatment of patients of advanced age].

PMID- 4047433
TI  - [Comparison of water, electrolyte and nitrogen balance in the postoperative
      period after epidural or general anesthesia. A randomized study patients
      undergoing hysterectomy].

PMID- 4047434
TI  - [Ketamine in minor obstetric-gynecologic procedures. Ten years' experience].

PMID- 4047435
TI  - [Effect of subdural administration of morphine for analgesic purposes on serum
      cortisol, prolactin and urinary catecholamines during surgical stress].

PMID- 4047436
TI  - [Proceedings of the 2d International Symposium of the Italian Section of the
      International College of Surgeons and the 2d International Refresher Course in
      Surgery. Genoa, 1984].

PMID- 4047437
TI  - Mastitis and toxic shock syndrome (tampon disease).
AB  - The present report draws attention to the toxic shock syndrome in combination
      with non-menstruation-associated disease. A patient with mastitis and TSS is
      described. The relevant literature is reviewed and discussed in relation to this
      patient. Physicians should be alert for TSS when a patient presents with non
      understood shock and fever in the absence of positive blood cultures, even when
      there is no relation to menstruation or no history of previous use of tampons.

PMID- 4047438
TI  - Bristow-Latarjet repair for recurrent anterior shoulder instability; an eight
      year study.
AB  - A follow-up study was made of 44 patients who underwent 47 should operations as
      described by Bristow and Latarjet. The group consisted of 32 recurrent shoulder
      dislocations and 15 so-called spontaneous shoulder instabilities. The average
      follow-up was 3.7 years. No significant complications occurred either per- or
      postoperatively and relapse of luxation was not seen. Only one patient had
      objectively confirmed shoulder instability after the operation. The average
      limitation of external rotation at 90 degrees abduction was 12 degrees.

PMID- 4047439
TI  - Refractures of the femoral shaft.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of refracture in 148 femoral shaft fractures is
      presented. Nineteen (13%) refractures occurred, mostly after plate fixation.
      Based on the outcome of this analysis and on the literature, recommendations are
      given to prevent refracture of the femoral shaft after primary therapy by a plate
      osteosynthesis. If possible external compression should be used in the treatment
      of femoral fractures. Cancellous bone grafting should be carried out in all
      fractures with medial cortical bone defects, or if there is devascularization of
      bone fragments. Furthermore, a delayed cancellous bone graft (8-12 weeks after
      primary surgery) is advocated in some of these fractures.

PMID- 4047440
TI  - Acute appendicitis in complete situs inversus.
AB  - An acute appendicitis was diagnosed in a 29-year-old patient with situs in
      inversus totalis. Appendectomy was carried out. The incidence, etiology and the
      diagnosis of complete situs inversus as well as the diagnosis and pitfalls of
      acute appendicitis in this rare congenital abnormally are described.

PMID- 4047441
TI  - Gastroduodenal artery aneurysm secondary to primary duodenal repair and treated
      by transcatheter embolization.

PMID- 4047442
TI  - Meeting of the Dutch Society for Vascular Surgery, a section of the Association
      of the Surgeons of The Netherlands. Utrecht, 16 March 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4047443
TI  - Raynaud's phenomenon in arterial occlusive disease.
AB  - In 22 hands with arterial occlusive disease, systolic blood pressure in all
      fingers was measured by photoelectric plethysmography. The correlation of digital
      pressures with the presence of Raynaud's phenomenon and angiographic evidence of
      organic obstruction was studied. Digital pressures were significantly lowered in
      70 of the 75 fingers (93%) with cold sensitivity. In 34 of 35 fingers (97%)
      without Raynaud's phenomenon, normal finger pressures were measured. Digital
      blood pressures were always normal in fingers with obstruction on only one side
      to and through the finger. The clinical significance of measurement of digital
      blood pressure in arterial occlusive disease is discussed.

PMID- 4047444
TI  - [Annular pancreas: new findings?].
AB  - Four cases of anular pancreas are described and compared with the latest
      references in the literature. It is considered that new anatomic and surgical
      findings arising from recent studies permit early presurgical diagnosis and give
      better results with rational surgery.

PMID- 4047445
TI  - [Postoperative monitoring of patients operated on for digestive tract neoplasms
      using tumor markers. Preliminary results].
AB  - The report analyses the comparative efficacy of three different tumour markers
      (CEA, GICA and TPA) in providing indications for the postoperative monitoring of
      patients treated for cancer of the digestive tract. Assessment of effectiveness
      of chemotherapy produced different results according to the site of the tumour
      (stomach, colon or pancreas). In the case of cancers of the pancreatic head, the
      influence of jaundice on the markers was also evaluated, to discover which marker
      provided most information on the tumour investigated.

PMID- 4047446
TI  - [Phytopack Ispex in the treatment of degenerative arthropathies and insertion
      tendinopathies. Telethermographic study].
AB  - The authors have studied the antiflogistic properties of a fitotherapic agent
      used in course of rheumatic and degenerative joint and tendon disease. The
      control of the therapeutic activity of the agent has been checked out by mean of
      telethermography. The best results were mainly obtained in cases of
      osteoarthritis and tendonitis, in which a real reduction of the stermic value
      showed a parallel decrease of the flogistic process involving joints and tendons.

PMID- 4047447
TI  - [Treatment of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency and chronic obliterating
      arteriopathy of the lower extremities with buflomedil hydrochloride].
AB  - Research has been carried out into the effects of a new vasoactive substance,
      buflomedil hydrochloride, on two groups of patients suffering from
      cerebrovascular insufficiency and obliterating arteriopathy at the lower
      extremities. Ten clinical parameters were assessed in the first group of patients
      (insomnia, headache, vertigo, tinnitus, asthenia, shaking, changes in reflexes,
      anorexia, memory disturbances, problems of concentration and character
      disturbances); in the second group, the muscular flow of the gastrocnemius as
      measured by the muscular clearance of NaI131 at rest, during standard exercise
      conditions, during ten minutes following exercise and in the post-ischaemic
      phase. The results can be considered satisfactory in both groups, especially
      after prolonged treatment and in the early stage of the disease. Drug tolerance
      was very good.

PMID- 4047448
TI  - [In vitro activity of netilmicin compared to the activity of other antibiotics
      against strains of urinary enterobacteria].
AB  - The in vitro susceptibility of 50 Gram-negative bacterial strains isolated from
      the urine was tested. Excluding Amikacin, Netilmicin was found to be the most
      effective antibiotic against the isolated bacterial complex.

PMID- 4047449
TI  - [Invagination of a gastric leiomyoma causing duodenal subocclusion and
      cholestasis].
AB  - The case is reported of a 78 year old female admitted to our Department with
      symptoms compatible with intestinal obstruction and melena. Upper
      gastrointestinal x-ray examination and endoscopy did not lead to a precise
      diagnosis. On the contrary, double contrast x-ray examination revealed the
      presence of a probably benign gastric tumour with gastroduodenal intussusception.
      Cholestasis was also present, as suggested by elevated serum conjugated bilirubin
      levels and by intravenous cholangiography. These findings were confirmed during
      surgical operation; a partial gastrectomy with gastroentero anastomosis was
      performed; histologic examination showed that the tumour was a gastric leiomyoma.
      All the symptoms disappeared quickly and the patient is still in good health
      after 2 years.

PMID- 4047451
TI  - [Syndrome of catecholamine hypersecretion secondary to a jejuno-ileal bypass].
AB  - Hypersecretion of catecholamine primarily affecting adrenaline levels arose in a
      patient given a jejunoileal bypass for severe obesity. Apart from organic
      factors, including a hetero and/or orthotopic pheochromocytoma and the
      therapeutic effect of beta-blocking drugs, it is suggested that the pathogenesis
      of the patient's condition is based on a hypersecretion of VIP, as sometimes
      occurs in patients with short intestine/syndrome.

PMID- 4047450
TI  - [Pseudohypoparathyroidism. Analysis of a clinical case with late development].
AB  - A case of pseudohypoparathyroidism of characteristic phenotype and metabolism is
      described. The condition was diagnosed at over 50 years of age following the
      appearance of hypocalcaemia and calcification of basal ganglia which responded
      quickly to treatment with vitamin D and orally administered calcium. This case
      gives the opportunity to describe a rare hereditary disease and discuss which
      mechanisms triggered off the symptomatology: mechanisms which involve PTH, the
      action of which is still not fully known.

PMID- 4047452
TI  - [Relation between cardiac pathology and the pathology of other organs or
      systems].

PMID- 4047453
TI  - [Reflux esophagitis: clinico-endoscopic aspects].
AB  - Though long well known, reflux oesophagitis is as yet poorly understood in terms
      of both incidence and physiopathology. These aspects of gastrooesophageal reflux
      were studied in a group of patients subjected to endoscopic examination. The
      13.6% incidence of the condition was very similar to the encountered incidence of
      ulcers. In two thirds of the cases, anamnesis is sufficient for correct
      diagnosis. In its more severe forms, reflux oesophagitis is associated with
      hiatus hernia and overindulgence in tobacco or alcohol. Routine radiology is
      practically or completely useless for the diagnosis of reflux oesophagitis. The
      use of the Savary classification system facilitates endoscopic diagnosis and
      staging.

PMID- 4047454
TI  - [Lung cancers synchronous and metachronous with primary malignant neoplasms in
      other sites].
AB  - A series of 19 cases are reported in which, with the exception of one case, two
      primary malignant tumours developed at different times, one of which in the lung.
      Some details of this occurrence are discussed in relation to similar findings in
      the international literature. The average interval between the two tumours was
      found to be 7.5 years. In eight cases, all male, the lung tumour arose in
      subjects who had already been subjected to radical treatment for a laryngeal
      tumour. A lung carcinoma appeared in four women who had been subjected to
      radiation therapy following mastectomy. This sequence of events was considered a
      coincidence and not radioinduced in view of the fact that a total of 1061
      similarly treated patients were observed over the same period. Finally it is
      suggested that certain histobiochemical factors induced by the lung tumour may
      somehow become pathogenically transformed to simulate a new primary malignant
      tumour.

PMID- 4047455
TI  - [Catamnestic findings in syringomyelia in the province of Padua].
AB  - While performing this research, 107 patients affected by syringomyelia were
      found, of which 35 were from the Padova province. The epidemiological study
      showed a progressive decrease of the disease in the last 40 years and a higher
      frequency in the rural area in comparison to the urban area. The data of
      prevalence in the region were also evaluated and compared with previous studies
      in other countries. The clinical studies, including a 20 years follow-up on a
      group of 25 patients, showed a slowly progressive impairment of the physical
      capacity without complete handicap, which had occurred in 2 of the group. The
      Authors suggest a constant clinical survey of these patients to encourage and
      support their social and professional activities.

PMID- 4047457
TI  - [Diagnostic aspects and results of drug therapy in pulmonary thromboembolism].
AB  - Out of a group of 28 patients examined for suspected pulmonary thromboembolism
      (PTE), the diagnosis was confirmed by angiopneumography in 18 cases. In these
      patients the symptoms and clinical, electrocardiographical, radiological and
      scintiphotographical findings corresponded with those reported in the literature.
      9 patients were treated with Urokinase (UK) at the dosages recommended by the
      Food and Drug Administration (FDA), followed by full-dose heparin, and 9 were
      treated with heparin alone. All patients survived and were discharged undergoing
      warfarin treatment. Follow-up checks were made after 1 and 6 months. Most of the
      patients treated with UK showed signs of swift improvement (within 24 hours) in
      clinical and instrumental terms with no significant haemorrhagic complications.
      An improvement was also observed in patient treated with heparin alone after the
      first week of treatment. To conclude: a) clinical diagnosis of PTE is neither
      sensitive nor specific; b) standard blood tests, electrocardiogram, chest x-ray
      and lung perfusion scintiphotography display different degrees of sensitivity
      compared with angiopneumography but all have a poor specificity; c) thrombolytic
      treatment is safe and effective in selected cases; d) long-term clinical results
      do not depend on treatment given during the acute stage of the disease.

PMID- 4047456
TI  - [Non-cardiac pulmonary edema in a patient with recent cardiac pulmonary edema].
AB  - Pulmonary oedema may be cardiac or non-cardiac in origin: these two forms are
      clinically indistinguishable and their treatments are completely different. A
      case of pulmonary oedema is reported. This was believed to be of cardiac origin
      but did not respond to conventional treatment with diuretics and positive
      fibrotropic drugs. Insertion of a Swan-Ganz catheter revealed low capillary wedge
      on pressure. This, in turn, indicates that pulmonary oedema is non-cardiac in
      origin. The administration of liquids and cortisones led to a rapid improvement
      in the patient's condition. It is concluded that, whenever conventional treatment
      of pulmonary oedema fails, the possibility of non-cardiac oedema should be
      considered. In order to check this, capillary wedge pressure is measured.

PMID- 4047458
TI  - [Bronchial carcinoid. Description of 2 cases].
AB  - Bronchial carcinoid is a rare tumor appearing mostly in young patients, affecting
      males and females in equal proportion. It has a low grade malignancy. Carcinoid
      syndrome is infrequent in this condition and the clinical manifestations are
      those of bronchial obstruction. Two cases of bronchial carcinoid, diagnosed by
      bronchoscopy are described.

PMID- 4047459
TI  - [Systemic mastocytosis without skin involvement. Presentation of a case and
      review of the literature].
AB  - A case of SMCD without apparent cutaneous involvement is described. It has
      however been possible to demonstrate, by a test of cutaneous biopsy at the
      optical and electron microscope, an increased number of aberrant mast cells,
      together with a cutaneous melanosis due to the intense melanin deposit. The
      meaning of this association is unknown and never previously notified in the
      literature.

PMID- 4047460
TI  - [Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. Current clinico-therapeutic state].
AB  - Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome is a term labelling clinical illnesses
      characterized by blood hypereosinophilia and widespread infiltration of organs
      and tissues by mature eosinophils. Although any tissue can be affected the
      involvement of the nervous system and of the myocardium usually indicates worse
      prognosis. Histopathological studies carried out on myocardial tissues of
      hypereosinophilic patients, suggest that eosinophils are the main inducers of
      tissue damages. These cells seem to affect first the coronary endothelial cells,
      so leading to thrombi formation and then fibrosis. Eventually restrictive
      cardiomyopathy may occur. The pathogenetic events are not fully understood.
      However several studies have been focused on two eosinophil proteins: the major
      basic protein (MBP) as possible mediator of tissue damages and the cationic
      eosinophil protein (ECP) involved in thrombotic events. In the bone marrow a
      marked hyperplasia of the eosinophil series is usual, while in the blood only
      mature eosinophils circulate. Non specific abnormalities either of the cellular
      or humoral immunity have been described. Previous reports of a definitely
      incurable disease have been improved by modern therapeutic programs.

PMID- 4047461
TI  - [Melanomas of the head and neck].
AB  - Apart from the skin on the extremities, the skin of the head, face and neck is
      more subject to melanomas than any other part of the body. The most favourable
      prognosis is for melanomas of the cheek and neck cutis. Melanomas of the upper
      respiratory tract are much less common. The diagnosis of mouth is astonishingly
      tardive. Malignant melanomas very rarely occur on the salivary glands. In all the
      above cases surgery is the treatment of choice for all primary tumours. In the
      cases of local lymph node melanomas, elective dissection appears to give the best
      long-term results, especially in the case of cutaneous melanomas of the head,
      neck and upper respiratory tract.

PMID- 4047462
TI  - [Cefoperazone: microbiological, kinetic and clinical studies].
AB  - In vitro cefoperazone proved more active against the tested gram-negative
      bacteria than either piperacillin or mezlocillin. When administered in 1 g venous
      bolus the antibiotic achieved high plasmatic concentrations that were still
      adequate after 8 hours. 33.2% was excreted by the kidneys and a considerable
      amount by the biliary way. Cefoperazone produced a clinical cure in 35/36
      patients (97.22%). A disulfiram-like effect was noted in 18.18%.

PMID- 4047463
TI  - [Epidemiologic study of peripheral obstructive arteriopathies: clinical effects
      of treatment with buflomedil chlorhydrate (Loftyl). Processing of data furnished
      by a polycenter study].
AB  - An Italian multi-centre trial of buflomedil in the clinical management of 814
      cases of lower limb artery obstruction is reported. The incidence of risk factors
      in relation to age, sex and clinical stage is discussed. There were many patients
      under 55 with claudicatio intermittens. Smoking was the main risk factor,
      followed by hyperdyslipidaemia, in patients in the 7th decade of life. The
      incidence of diabetes was higher than that of other risk factors in women.
      Treatment with buflomedil for 3 months led to a significant improvement in signs
      and symptoms in all four clinical stages. In particular, walking range in the 2nd
      stage increased by 125.3% on an average (p less than 0.001), with a significant
      improvement after only 1 month. Improvement was dose-dependent in nearly all
      cases (94.9%).

PMID- 4047464
TI  - [Glycosaminoglycans in pleural effusions. Preliminary results].
AB  - Distinction between benign and malignant pleural effusions is often a very
      difficult problem. Glycosaminoglycans play an important role in cellular
      proliferation and differentiation. The authors examined glycosaminoglycans in 17
      samples, 11 malignant and 7 benign. Separation of glycosaminoglycans has been
      achieved by centrifugation-addition of trichloracetic acid-centrifugation
      addition of cold ethanol. Glycosaminoglycans have been analyzed by
      electrophoresis on cellulose acetate sheets. 6 malignant samples had higher
      levels of HA and CS than standard. The authors distinguished benign effusions in
      two subgroups: inflammatory and cardiac. Among inflammatory, 3 had higher levels
      of HS and 1 of HA and CS. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate
      possible different patterns.

PMID- 4047465
TI  - [Non-cardiac pulmonary edema: an enigma today].
AB  - Pulmonary oedema is caused by an excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid in
      the lungs: in the case of left ventricular failure, oedema arises due to an
      increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure. Non-cardiac oedema, on the other
      hand, is brought about by a change in alveolar capillary membrane permeability.
      Although the causes are different, namely respiratory distress syndrome in
      adults, altitude-induced pulmonary oedema, oxygen toxicity, medication, metabolic
      changes, etc., the result is the same, i.e. damage to the alveolar capillary
      membrane. This damage appears to be brought about by two factors: complement
      activation and damage to the blood clotting mechanism. The difference between
      cardiac and non-cardiac pulmonary oedema is difficult to gauge. If pulmonary cone
      pressure is normal or low, and if the oedematous fluid/plasma protein ratio is
      greater than 0.7, the oedema is non-cardiac in origin. Treatment is carried out
      with the aim of repairing the alveolar capillary membrane and preventing
      extension of the damage. Respiratory insufficiency is treated by a mechanical
      respirator, applying positive pressure at the end of expiration. Fluid
      administration is adjusted according to pulmonary cone pressure levels. Opinions
      are still divided over whether to administer crystalline or colloidal solutions,
      steroids or protease inhibitors.

PMID- 4047466
TI  - [Reverse immunofixation. A new technic for the identification of mono/oligoclonal
      immunoglobulin components].

PMID- 4047467
TI  - In situ hybridization of the vasopressin mRNA in the rat hypothalamus by use of a
      synthetic oligonucleotide probe.
AB  - A 22mer oligonucleotide complementary to the rat vasopressin (AVP) mRNA was
      synthesized, radioactively labeled with 32P, and was applied to in situ
      hybridization with the mRNA on paraffin sections of the rat hypothalamus. The AVP
      mRNA in magnocellular neurosecretory neurons of the paraventricular and the
      supraoptic nuclei was demonstrated by use of this synthetic probe. Specificity of
      the autoradiographic signals was confirmed by a competition test using an excess
      amount of unlabeled probe and an absorption test using a synthetic template of
      the probe. Further, the mRNA of vasotocin, the ancestral molecule of AVP, was
      hybridized weakly with the probe, showing that the present probe can discriminate
      a few base substitutions. Autoradiographic signals representing hybrids of the
      probe and the AVP mRNA were rarely found in the region rich in oxytocin neurons
      whose mRNA is homologous to the AVP mRNA. These results show that the in situ
      hybridization method using synthetic oligonucleotide probes can be a powerful and
      specific tool for the study of gene expression in the central nervous system.

PMID- 4047468
TI  - Alpha-toxin permeabilized rat pheochromocytoma cells: a new approach to
      investigate stimulus-secretion coupling.
AB  - The channel forming alpha-toxin of Staphylococcus aureus (about 50 micrograms/ml)
      markedly reduces the Ca2+ requirement for dopamine release by the rat
      pheochromocytoma cell line (PC 12). Maximal secretion by intact cells requires
      approximately 1 mM Ca2+, whereas release by alpha-toxin-permeabilized cells can
      already be triggered with microM concentrations of Ca2+. The latter process
      reaches a plateau at about 1 microM free Ca2+ and increases again with 10-20
      microM free Ca2+. The sensitivity to low concentrations of Ca2+ indicates that
      the toxin, as a selective cell membrane permeabilizing agent, can be used as a
      powerful instrument to study stimulus-secretion coupling.

PMID- 4047469
TI  - An underestimated visual pathway in reptiles.
AB  - Field potentials evoked in the turtle general cortex by electric stimulation of
      the optic tectum were analyzed. Cathodal polarization and subtotal lesions of n.
      rotundus led to either facilitation or depression of later components of the
      cortical potential. On the contrary, cathodal polarization and lesions of
      n.geniculatus lateralis dorsalis similarly affected the initial component. After
      21-23 months following eye enucleation or optic nerve section, the conduction of
      fast tectal volleys to the general cortex via n. geniculatus lateralis dorsalis
      was blocked, though the conduction of tectal impulses to the dorsal ventricular
      ridge via n.rotundus survived. It is concluded that in turtles one more visual
      channel, i.e., retino-tecto-geniculo-cortical, is functioning, in addition to
      well-known retino-tecto-rotundo-telencephalic and retino-geniculo-cortical
      channels.

PMID- 4047470
TI  - Phenytoin suppresses spontaneous ectopic discharge in rat sciatic nerve neuromas.
AB  - Afferent fibers ending in nerve-end neuromas generate spontaneous impulse
      discharge which has been implicated as a cause of paraesthesias and pain
      following peripheral nerve injury in man. We now show in rats that the
      anticonvulsant drug phenytoin (PT), applied systemically or topically onto
      desheathed neuromas, suppresses the generation of neuroma discharge without
      blocking impulse conduction. The effect is dose-dependent and reversible upon
      drug washout. Since PT is known to provide effective pain relief in some kinds of
      neuralgia, the data suggest that the clinical analgesic action of PT in these
      conditions may, at least in part, involve a direct suppression of ectopic
      impulses generated in the region of the nerve damage.

PMID- 4047471
TI  - Reaction times of the eye and the hand of the monkey in a visual reach task.
AB  - Two monkeys were trained to execute saccadic eye movements and reach movements
      with the hand from a central fixation point to a peripheral target. Reaction
      times for both movements were compared on a trial-by-trial basis. If the fixation
      point was extinguished before the target appeared (gap condition), extremely
      short latency saccades (85 ms) (express saccades) were obtained, that were
      followed by short latency reach movements (250 ms), but there was no correlation
      between them on a trial-by-trial basis. If the fixation point remained visible
      (overlap condition), very short (100 ms) and rather long (220 ms) latency
      saccades were observed. Long saccadic latencies correlated strongly with the
      reach reaction times. Short latency saccades were followed by reach movements of
      reaction times longer than those observed after express saccades in the gap
      condition; there was no correlation between them. All reaction times varied
      systematically with practice.

PMID- 4047472
TI  - Dorsolateral geniculate neurons in vitro: reduced postsynaptic excitability
      following repetitive activation of the optic tract.
AB  - Monosynaptic activation of dorsolateral geniculate neurons of the rat was studied
      in the in vitro slice preparation. (1) As previously described by others,
      monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) trigger at membrane
      potential negative to -60 mV a low threshold spike (Lts). In addition, we report
      that the Lts amplitude is linked to that of its underlying EPSP. (2) EPSPs, EPSP
      Lts sequences and nonsynaptic Lts are followed by a long period of refractoriness
      during which a test response is decreased in amplitude and the Lts component is
      cut off. These results are discussed in relation to the generation of spontaneous
      bursting activity of thalamic neurons during natural sleep, which could be
      accounted for by the properties of the Lts alone.

PMID- 4047473
TI  - Septohippocampal connections to field CA1 of the rat identified with field
      potential analysis and retrograde labeling by horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the medial septal nucleus produced field potentials in
      the hippocampal CA1 region of the rat. The laminar field-potential analysis
      suggested that the electromotive force of the septum-induced responses might be
      attributable mainly to excitatory postsynaptic potential currents generated in
      the stratum oriens (layer of distribution of basal dendrites of hippocampal
      pyramidal cells). Neural cell bodies in the medial septum-diagonal band complex
      were retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injected into the
      stratum oriens of CA1, but not with HRP injected into other CA1 strata. Thus the
      medial septal nucleus was indicated to send excitatory inputs to basal dendrites
      of CA1 pyramidal cells.

PMID- 4047474
TI  - A daily rhythm in behavioral vasopressin sensitivity and brain vasopressin
      concentrations.
AB  - The concentration of Arg-vasopressin (AVP) in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the
      hypothalamus (SCN), the neural generator of circadian rhythms, showed a daily
      rhythm, which was inversely related to the rhythm in lordosis, an aspect of
      sexual behavior shown by ovariectomized estradiol-17 beta-treated female rats. A
      threshold dose of an AVP antagonist facilitated sexual behavior most effectively
      if injected intracerebroventricularly when the endogenous levels of AVP in the
      SCN were maximal and a threshold dose of AVP inhibited the behavior most
      effectively if injected when these levels were minimal. The results support the
      suggestion that AVP may be the neuropeptide whereby the SCN generate some
      behavioral rhythms.

PMID- 4047475
TI  - Ethanol tolerance and enhanced calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of
      synaptic membrane proteins.
AB  - The chronic effects of ethanol on synaptic membrane proteins was studied in
      ethanol-tolerant rats. Synaptic plasma membranes and postsynaptic densities were
      prepared from homogenates of forebrain and incubated in vitro with [gamma
      32P]adenosine triphosphate in the presence and absence of calcium and calmodulin.
      In ethanol-tolerant animals, enhanced phosphorylation of synaptic plasma membrane
      but not postsynaptic density proteins was demonstrated in the presence of calcium
      and calmodulin. These results suggest that the development of tolerance to
      ethanol may involve alteration in neuronal sensitivity to calcium.

PMID- 4047476
TI  - Naloxone potentiates the depressant effect of chlordiazepoxide on spontaneous
      activity in mice.
AB  - Recent reports suggest that at least some of the behavioural effects of
      benzodiazepines may involve interaction with endogenous opioid mechanisms. In the
      present study, chlordiazepoxide (CDP, 10-20 mg/kg, i.p.) induced dose-dependent
      reductions in spontaneous locomotor activity and rearing in mice. Although
      naloxone (1 mg/kg) was itself without effect, and did not alter behavioural
      changes induced by the lower dose of CDP, it enhanced the depressant effects of
      20 mg/kg CDP on locomotor activity. Results are discussed in relation to previous
      studies in which opiate antagonists have been found to block or to have no effect
      upon behavioural actions of benzodiazepines.

PMID- 4047477
TI  - A spinal projection of serotonergic neurons of the locus coeruleus in the cat.
AB  - A series of studies were done on adult cats to determine if the serotonergic
      neurons, reported in the nucleus locus coeruleus of that species, project to the
      lumbar spinal cord. The animals first were injected with 0.2 microliter of Evans
      blue into the ventral horn of the lumbar cord. Four days later the animals were
      perfused and prepared for fluorescence microscopic examination. The presence of
      Evans blue in both noradrenergic and serotonergic cells of the locus coeruleus
      was clearly evident in animals in which the injection was confined to the ventral
      horn area. In cat, the monoamine coerulospinal projection to the ventral horn of
      the lumbar cord arises from both norepinephrine and serotonin-containing neurons.

PMID- 4047478
TI  - Brain, spinal cord and adrenal catecholamine concentrations in neonate rats of
      the Lyon hypertensive strain.
AB  - The catecholamine concentrations were determined in brain parts, spinal cord and
      adrenals of neonate hypertensive rats of the Lyon strain (LH), compared to
      normotensive (LN) and low-blood-pressure (LL) control rats. In adrenals of LH
      rats, noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations are increased, and 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) concentration decreased. At the central level,
      the DOPAC concentration and the ratio DOPAC/dopamine are decreased in the
      mesencephalon and the forebrain of LH rats. These results suggest that neonate LH
      rats exhibit a decreased activity in central dopaminergic neurons, and an
      enhanced maturation of the adrenals.

PMID- 4047479
TI  - Local cerebral glucose utilization in the homozygous Brattleboro rat.
AB  - The [14C]deoxyglucose technique was used to measure brain glucose utilization in
      homozygous male Brattleboro and age-matched Long-Evans control rats. Brattleboro
      homozygotes had significantly higher daily water intakes and plasma osmolalities
      and significantly lower body weights than controls. Glucose utilization for the
      brain as a whole and for 46 discrete brain structures was not significantly
      different for the two strains. Our results indicate that vasopressin is not
      essential for the maintenance of overall brain glucose utilization in resting,
      awake rats.

PMID- 4047480
TI  - Circadian rhythm in metabolic activity of suprachiasmatic, supraoptic and raphe
      nuclei.
AB  - Previous studies using 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiography have demonstrated
      that the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, a putative neural
      circadian pacemaker, displays circadian rhythmicity in its metabolic activity. In
      the present study, we show that distinct circadian variations in 2-DG uptake
      occur not only in the suprachiasmatic, but also in the supraoptic and median
      raphe nuclei of the rat brain. On the other hand, several other brain areas
      failed to display systematic circadian variations in 2-DG uptake. These results
      indicate that circadian metabolic rhythms are not unique to the SCN. Further
      studies are required to precisely define the extent of such phenomena.

PMID- 4047481
TI  - Morphological effects of VIth nerve section in the kitten as revealed by
      horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - The effects of the chronic section of the VIth nerve have been studied in kittens
      with the help of the horseradish peroxidase intra-axonal retrograde tracing
      method. Two months following the section of the VIth nerve, only 50% of the
      abducens motoneuron population was left. However, shapes, somata sizes and cell
      distribution through the nucleus of the remaining neurons were similar to those
      shown by controls. Functional implications of the findings are discussed.

PMID- 4047482
TI  - Ciliary ganglia and spinal cord explants release an ascorbate-like compound which
      stimulates proline hydroxylation and collagen formation in muscle cultures.
AB  - A low-molecular-weight factor from embryonic rat brain stimulates collagen
      production in rat muscle cultures. This effect is associated with increased
      hydroxylation of proline residues in collagenous proteins produced by the cells.
      Here, we show that increased hydroxylation (22-and 7.5-fold) was also observed
      with extracts of rat embryonic spinal cord and extracts of the rat
      pheochromocytoma cell line PC12. A 5-25-fold stimulation in proline hydroxylation
      was obtained when muscle cells were cocultured with chick ciliary ganglia or with
      embryonic rat spinal cord explants. Medium conditioned by rat spinal cord
      explants also increased prolyl hydroxylation. Incubation of the muscle-nerve
      cocultures with ascorbate oxidase markedly reduced the observed increase in
      proline hydroxylation. These results show that the cultured explants release a
      factor which promotes proline hydroxylation and collagen production by muscle.
      This factor seems to be ascorbic acid or an ascorbate-like compound.

PMID- 4047483
TI  - Central neurotoxicity after exposure to organic lead: susceptibility to seizures.
AB  - Organic leads are present in the environment from a variety of sources and
      produce metabolites such as triethyl lead (TEL) which have relatively long half
      lives in the brain. However, little is known at present about the possible
      neurological consequences of exposure to these compounds. The susceptibility of
      an animal to experimentally induced seizures has been used as a reliable index of
      neural function to assess neurotoxic insult, and the present study assessed the
      effect of TEL upon this index. Adult male rats of the Fischer-344 strain were
      divided into groups and treated with 7.88 mg/kg of TEL or the control vehicle at
      1, 7, 14 or 28 days prior to a single challenge with 35 mg/kg of
      pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). The rats treated with TEL were more susceptible to PTZ
      induced seizures than were the controls. This effect was statistically
      significant on days 7, 14 and 28 after treatment, although some elevation of
      seizure scores was observed among TEL-treated animals on day 1. These results
      demonstrate a functional change in the central nervous system after exposure to
      TEL, which persists for at least 4 weeks after exposure.

PMID- 4047484
TI  - Cholinergic neurons in the telencephalon of the reptile Caiman crocodilus.
AB  - Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemistry was used to characterize
      the distribution of cholinergic neurons in the telencephalon of the reptile,
      Caiman crocodilus. ChAT-positive cell bodies were observed within the small
      celled portion of the ventrolateral area of the telencephalon (VLA s.c.), a
      region previously considered comparable to the mammalian caudate nucleus and
      putamen. A large field of cholinergic neurons was observed within the ventral
      paleostriatum (VP), a region comparable to the substantia innominata and ventral
      pallidum of mammals. Cholinergic neurons were also observed within cranial motor
      nuclei of the brainstem, within the isthmic nucleus and within portions of the
      lateral reticular formation of the pons and medulla. A rich plexus of cholinergic
      fibers was observed within the intermediate and deep layers of the optic tectum.
      The results of this study indicate that many aspects of cholinergic system
      organization are similar in caiman and mammals, and suggest a common derivation
      of these systems from ancestral forms.

PMID- 4047485
TI  - Localization of motoneurons innervating the stylopharyngeus muscle in the cat.
AB  - Recent investigations of the nucleus ambiguus (NA) have attempted to identify
      motoneurons associated with muscles of the larynx and pharynx. However,
      relatively little attention has been directed to the stylopharyngeus muscle,
      which is important in elevation of the pharynx in swallowing and speech. The
      present study was designed to identify the specific location of stylopharyngeus
      motoneurons within the brainstem. Horseradish peroxidase or fluorescent dye was
      injected into the stylopharyngeus muscle of 12 cats. Retrogradely labeled cells
      were located ipsilateral in the rostral NA and retrofacial nucleus. This is the
      first report to definitively localize stylopharyngeus motoneurons.

PMID- 4047486
TI  - Origin of fibers innervating the basilar artery of the cat.
AB  - The afferent and efferent projections of the cat basilar artery were examined
      using retrograde axoplasmic transport techniques. Following application of
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or wheat germ agglutinin-HRP (WGA-HRP) to the vessel
      wall, retrogradely labeled cells were observed in trigeminal, superior vagal,
      superior cervical, stellate and pterygopalatine ganglia. WGA-HRP injected into
      the pterygopalatine ganglion was retrogradely transported to cells of the
      reticular formation previously described as the superior salivatory nucleus.
      These results are discussed in relation to recent physiological data
      demonstrating neural involvement in the control of cerebral blood flow and
      vascular headache.

PMID- 4047487
TI  - Central projections of the radial nerve and of one of its cutaneous branches in
      the pigeon.
AB  - After horseradish peroxidase (HRP) treatment of the radial nerve and of a
      cutaneous branch of this nerve, dense labeling of afferent terminal fields was
      found in laminae I-III of the dorsal horn of the spinal segments C11 and C12.
      However, treatment of the cutaneous branch labeled only lateral parts of the
      dorsal horn. This points to a distinct somatotopy. Labeling was also observed in
      the dorsal column nuclei and a rostral terminal field near or within the pars
      interpolaris of the descending trigeminal system. No labeling was observed after
      dorsal rhizotomy.

PMID- 4047488
TI  - Effects of melatonin on performance testing in patients with seasonal affective
      disorder.
AB  - Psychomotor performance and memory were assessed in 6 patients with seasonal
      affective disorder following one week of daily administration of oral melatonin.
      No effect was noted on either vigilance or memory testing, but reaction time on a
      simple visual/tactile task was significantly reduced. Identical testing following
      a week of placebo administration showed no changes from baseline. Clinical status
      was monitored by both observer and self ratings; no clinical changes were
      detected that could account for the performance difference. The reaction time
      finding is in contrast to a previous report of a reaction time increase following
      melatonin administration. We discuss the possibility that this discrepancy is due
      to different dosages of melatonin administered or to the effects of melatonin on
      circadian rhythms of performance.

PMID- 4047489
TI  - Labeled corticospinal neurons one year after spinal cord transection.
AB  - One year after a T9 spinal cord transection, horseradish peroxidase was inserted
      into the spinal cord at T3-T4. Only about 7% of the number of corticospinal
      neurons labeled in control rats were labeled in exactly matched transected rats.
      This long-term loss of labeled neurons makes cell death the most likely
      explanation for the failure to identify corticospinal neurons in spinal-cord
      transected rats.

PMID- 4047490
TI  - Electrophysiological properties of lemniscal afferents in rat after kainic acid
      lesions in the ventrobasal thalamus.
AB  - Kainic acid (KA) has been largely used as a neurotoxin, and its axon-sparing
      effect being repeatedly emphasized, on the basis of anatomical and biochemical
      data. The present study examines this 'axon-sparing' effect from an
      electrophysiological point of view and demonstrates that lemniscal fibers retain
      the capacity to convey somesthetic information 5-60 days after an injection of KA
      in the ventrobasal complex of the thalamus depriving these afferent fibers of
      their target cells.

PMID- 4047491
TI  - Deoxyribonucleic acid turnover in immature neurons of the rat cerebral cortex.
AB  - To test for metabolic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) turnover in differentiating
      neurons, [methyl-3H]thymidine was injected into the lateral cerebral ventricles
      of newly born rats, and after 6, 24 and 96 h, neuronal nuclei were prepared from
      the immature cerebral cortex. Enzymatic treatment converted virtually all of the
      DNA into soluble deoxynucleosides which were fractionated by high-performance
      liquid chromatography for determination of specific activity. The specific
      activity of thymidine was found to decline rapidly with time. The rate of this
      loss correlated with the radioactivity initially incorporated into the DNA. This
      suggested that DNA was being replaced by DNA repair as a consequence of radiation
      damage, rather than by spontaneous metabolic DNA turnover.

PMID- 4047492
TI  - Responses of spinal cord neurones to noxious and non-noxious stimulation of the
      skin and testicle of the rat.
AB  - In chloralose-urethane anaesthetized male rats, 24 single units in the lumbar
      spinal cord which responded to testicular compression were recorded
      extracellularly with micropipettes. All responded to noxious testicular
      compression. In addition, 2 units responded to innocuous testicular compression,
      10 to noxious cutaneous stimulation and 2 to innocuous warming of the skin. Five
      units out of 24 had long ascending projections.

PMID- 4047493
TI  - Aberrant axonal paths in regenerated goldfish retina and tectum opticum following
      intraocular injection of ouabain.
AB  - Following ouabain-induced degeneration, the neural retina and the retinotectal
      axons regenerate. The pathways of regenerated retinal ganglion cell axons in
      retina and in tectum are visualized by labeling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
      applied to the optic nerve. In retina, the axons exhibit highly abnormal courses,
      including extensive fascicle crossing, hairpin loops and circular routes. In
      tectum, retinal axon fascicles are not neatly aligned in a normal fascicle fan.
      Instead, long and short fascicles are mixed, and take erratic routes, crossing
      each other and crossing the tectal equator.

PMID- 4047494
TI  - Glutathione peroxidase activity in Parkinson's disease brain.
AB  - Glutathione peroxidase is an enzyme of major importance in the detoxification of
      peroxides in brain. Using the spectrophotometric procedure of Paglia and
      Valentine [8] and Beutler [2] we measured the activity of this enzyme in
      autopsied brain from 12 patients dying with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and 11
      neurologically normal adults matched with respect to age and postmortem interval.
      In the Parkinson's disease patients glutathione peroxidase activity was slightly
      but significantly reduced in several brain areas including substantia nigra.
      Although the magnitude of the glutathione peroxidase deficiency in Parkinson's
      disease substantia nigra was small (19% reduction), coupled with the reported
      marked deficiency of reduced glutathione [9] it may represent one of the
      contributing factors leading to nigral dopamine neurone loss.

PMID- 4047495
TI  - Lesions of the locus coeruleus system aggravate ischemic damage in the rat brain.
AB  - The possibility that the noradrenergic locus coeruleus system influences brain
      damage following ischemia was explored in rats. Bilateral lesions of the locus
      coeruleus projections to the forebrain aggravated the neuronal necrosis in the
      hippocampal CA1 region and neocortex following complete cerebral ischemia induced
      by transient cardiac arrest. These findings provide evidence that the
      postischemic activation of the inhibitory locus coeruleus system could counteract
      a possible detrimental neuronal hyperexcitation, thereby limiting neuronal
      necrosis.

PMID- 4047496
TI  - Effect of hypoxia on uptake and acetylation of [3H]choline in brain slices from
      adult and newborn guinea pigs.
AB  - The synthesis of [3H]acetylcholine in brain slices from adult and newborn guinea
      pigs were suppressed by anaerobiosis. The uptake and acetylation of [3H]choline
      in the newborn brain were very low, compared to findings in slices of the adult
      brain. The most sensitive tissue to hypoxia was the striatum followed by the
      hippocampus. There were significant differences in the case of the frontal
      cortex.

PMID- 4047497
TI  - Tectal neurons projecting to the isthmo-optic nucleus in the Japanese quail.
AB  - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injected into the isthmo-optic nucleus (ION) of the
      Japanese quail retrogradely labeled neurons in the ipsilateral optic tectum. Some
      of these neurons exhibited a characteristic 'willow-like' appearance. Somata of
      these neurons were round or pyriform, usually located in lamina h of the stratum
      griseum et fibrosum superficiale (SGFS), and emitted several thin dendritic
      branches that ramified in the deeper laminae of SGFS but not in the retinal
      recipient laminae of SGFS. Their axons had horizontal processes ramifying in the
      deepest lamina of SGFS or the stratum griseum centrale.

PMID- 4047498
TI  - Histochemical study on end-plate cholinesterase in aged mice.
AB  - The cholinesterase activity at the motor end-plate of aged mice was investigated
      histochemically. A relative quantitative method was applied for studying the
      reaction at end-plates by utilizing varying concentrations of eserine. The number
      of end-plates reacting at a concentration of more than 5 X 10(-6) M eserine was
      reduced in aged diaphragm but increased in aged soleus muscle at 10(-5) M eserine
      in comparison with those in the young. It seems likely that there is an age
      related change in cholinesterase activities in relation to muscle fiber types.

PMID- 4047499
TI  - Facilitatory effect of antidromic stimulation on milk ejection-related activation
      of oxytocin neurons during suckling in the rat.
AB  - Oxytocin neurons of the paraventricular nucleus were identified by their
      antidromic response to stimulation of the neurohypophysis and a short high
      frequency burst of spikes displayed before reflex milk ejection in the urethane
      anesthetized lactating rat. During suckling, the milk ejection-related bursts
      recurred at regular intervals. Stimulation of the neurohypophysis at 50-300
      pulses/s for 0.5-6 s (current 1 mA) evoked additional burst(s) with the amplitude
      higher than those of spontaneously occurring ones. Stimulation with subthreshold
      current for antidromic response or constant-collision test could also facilitate
      the neurosecretory bursts. Possibly, oxytocin released within the magnocellular
      nuclei is responsible for these effects.

PMID- 4047500
TI  - Effects on the caudate spindle in rats of dopamine microinjected into the caudate
      nucleus.
AB  - We examined the caudate spindle in control and pargyline-pretreated rats
      following bilateral application of 3 doses (15, 50 and 150 micrograms/site) of
      dopamine (DA) into the caudate nucleus. The highest dose of DA (150 micrograms)
      suppressed the spindle, whereas lower doses (15, 50 micrograms) enhanced the
      spindle in control rats. Haloperidol given into the bilateral caudate nucleus
      increased the spindle in control rats. In pargyline-pretreated rats, 50 and 150
      micrograms DA caused marked suppression, but 15 micrograms DA caused enhancement.
      These findings indicate that the DA system may mediate the development of the
      caudate spindle. Suppression of the caudate spindle induced by intracaudate DA
      injection may be due to stimulation of postsynaptic DA receptors and enhancement
      mediated by DA autoreceptors on the DA nerve terminals in the caudate nucleus
      with a subsequent inhibition of DA neurotransmission.

PMID- 4047501
TI  - The time of origin of cells demonstrating glutamic acid decarboxylase-like
      immunoreactivity in the hippocampal formation of the rat.
AB  - Using the combination of [3H]thymidine autoradiography and immunohistochemistry
      for the detection of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), we have determined that
      most of the cells demonstrating GAD-like immunoreactivity in the hippocampal
      formation of the rat become postmitotic on fetal day 14, though some cease
      dividing on fetal days 13 and 15-18. GAD-positive cells in all fields of the
      hippocampal formation appear to differentiate during roughly the same period
      though there is evidence for both septotemporal and regional variations in the
      pattern of development.

PMID- 4047502
TI  - A reversible decrease in electrical coupling of cultured mouse glial cells
      induced by superfusion from a micropipette.
AB  - Cultured mouse oligodendrocytes were superfused by pressure application to the
      rear-end of a 3-20 microns micropipette filled with normal bathing fluid. Input
      resistance was determined during superfusion with two separate electrodes. The
      input resistance increased reversibly by 90% in 26 cells tested and was
      unaffected in 39 cells. When pairs of oligodendrocytes were electrically coupled,
      coupling decreased in a reversible manner during superfusion. Therefore, the flow
      from a micropipette can uncouple cells, and studies involving application of
      substances by pressure ejection from microelectrodes must be evaluated with care.

PMID- 4047503
TI  - Parvalbumin and vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein (Mr 28,000):
      comparison of their localization in the cerebellum of normal and rachitic rats.
AB  - Two neuronal and Ca2+-binding proteins, parvalbumin and a vitamin-D-dependent
      calcium-binding protein (CaBP; Mr = 28,000) were localized immunohistochemically
      in the rat cerebellum, which is the brain region containing the highest
      concentration of them both. Parvalbumin was present in Purkinje, basket and
      stellate cells of the molecular layer, whereas CaBP was only present in Purkinje
      cells. The concentrations of both proteins, measured immunohistochemically and
      biochemically, were unaffected by the vitamin D status of the rats.

PMID- 4047504
TI  - Decreased utilization of [2-3H]glycerol in phospholipid and neutral glyceride
      biosynthesis in the retina of streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
AB  - The effect of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes on lipid uptake was studied
      in the rat retina. The intravitreal incorporation of [2-3H]glycerol was followed
      in retinal lipids from the first day of diabetes (acute state) up to 20 wk
      (chronic state). Total lipid incorporation decreased 50% 2 d after injection of
      STZ; the labeling remained lower than the control values throughout the 20 wk
      period studied. In the chronic state of diabetes, the time-course of the
      incorporation of [2-3H]glycerol during the first 2 h after its injection
      displayed a pattern of incorporation similar to that of the controls. The
      possibility that the decreased utilization of [2-3H]glycerol in the lipid pathway
      results from a competition between the injected [3H]glycerol and the glycolytic
      pathway during diabetes in rat retina in vivo is discussed.

PMID- 4047505
TI  - Histochemical demonstration of adenosine deaminase in the human neuraxis.
      Preliminary observations.
AB  - Because of the importance of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in brain function, a
      histochemical method for visualizing the enzyme in various areas of the human
      neuraxis was devised, using an MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazolyl-2)-2,5
      diphenyltetrazolium bromide] method and glutaraldehyde fixation. Controls
      consisted of preincubation without the substrate, incubation with omission
      successively of the substrate, MTT tetrazolium, purine nucleoside phosphorylase
      (PNP), xanthine oxidase (XO), NaCl, boiling for 20 min prior to fixation and
      incubation, and of incubation of sections with two powerful inhibitors of the
      enzyme, i.e., 2'-deoxycoformycin and EHNA [erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3
      nonyl)adenine.HCl]. The positive reaction consisted of the deposition of brownish
      purple granules, as well as a diffuse nongranular reaction in the cytoplasm of
      neurons and glial cells, and in the interstitial spaces. Sections from 15
      different areas in four brains were examined by this method. This is the first
      time that adenosine deaminase has been demonstrated histochemically in the
      nervous system of humans or of any other species.

PMID- 4047506
TI  - Arachidonic acid and other long-chain fatty acids in canine ceroid
      lipofuscinosis. Distribution in glycerolipids, metabolism, and pathophysiological
      correlations.
AB  - Dogs with canine ceroid lipofuscinosis (CCL)+ show an abnormal EEG as early as 5
      mo of age and exhibited either severe disorganization or very low amplitudes by
      24 mo. Ceroid particles accumulate with age and, within neurons, have a unique
      characteristic appearance consisting of lamellar patterns enclosed by a single
      unit membrane. Although the etiology of their formation has not been fully
      elucidated, isolated particles are enriched in phospholipids. Our present studies
      have examined microsomal enzymes involved in phospholipid synthesis and turnover
      and demonstrate that the acyl group composition of cerebral lipids from animals
      with CCL is similar to that from controls. However, the activation of palmitic,
      linoleic, arachidonic, and docosahexaenoic acids into their Coenzyme A thiol
      ester forms was significantly lower in cerebral and cerebellar microsomes of the
      diseased dogs than in those of the controls. In addition, the incorporation of
      arachidonic acid into phospholipids was significantly decreased in affected
      animals. These results suggest that the metabolism of arachidonic acid plays an
      important role in the pathogenesis of ceroid lipofuscinosis.

PMID- 4047507
TI  - Changes in regional cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism associated with
      symptoms of pyrethroid toxicity.
AB  - Regional rates of blood flow (rCBF) and of glucose metabolism (rCMRG) were
      measured in rats showing symptoms typical of an early stage of the type-2
      syndrome of pyrethroid toxicity ie. salivation, chewing, and repetitive head and
      forelimb movements induced by deltamethrin. rCBF was significantly increased in
      the fourteen brain regions examined, while rCMRG was increased in thirteen of
      them. In many of the regions the rate of blood flow became excessive in relation
      to the rate of glucose utilization. This was notable in areas of cerebral cortex,
      caudate putamen and hippocampus. Values for blood flow in the cortical regions
      were remarkably similar to those found in rats showing symptoms typical of the
      type-1 syndrome of pyrethroid toxicity ie. tremors and heightened startle
      response induced with cismethrin. Excessive blood flow in cerebral cortex appears
      to be intrinsic to pyrethroid intoxication and unrelated to specific motor
      symptoms. By contrast, in cerebellum increases in both rCMRG and rCBF appear to
      correlate with motor disturbances. Other than in cerebellum, a significant
      increase in rCBF was of early onset, occurring in animals showing salivation and
      chewing as the only symptoms after being given deltamethrin. The very high ratio
      of rCBF/rCMRG found in many brain regions of rats given synthetic pyrethroid
      compounds is unusual and unexplained.

PMID- 4047508
TI  - The regional distribution of cadmium in the brains of orally exposed adult rats.
AB  - Cadmium (Cd) levels were measured in 13 dissected brain regions of adult male
      rats from 3 treatment groups. Rats (approximately 200 g each) were each fed 10
      g/day of diets containing either 20 or 100 micrograms/g (ppm) Cd or control diet
      to which no Cd was added but contained approximately 0.35 ppm Cd. After 67 days
      of treatment, the brain of each rat was removed and each was dissected into 13
      anatomical regions including olfactory bulbs, frontal cortex, rest of cortex,
      corpus callosum, hippocampus, amygdalae, corpus striatum, colliculum, tegmentum,
      thalamus, hypothalamus, pons-medulla, and cerebellum. Cd residues (dry weight) in
      each sample were determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
      With exception of the thalamus and olfactory bulbs, each of the brain regions of
      the 100 ppm Cd rats had more Cd than did those from either the 20 ppm Cd rats or
      controls which did not differ. There was evidence of selective accumulation of Cd
      within the olfactory bulbs of control and treated animals. This selective
      accumulation may be related to anosmia reported in workers with industrial
      exposure to Cd.

PMID- 4047509
TI  - Inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in tissues of the rat by
      acrylamide and related compounds.
AB  - In previous investigations acrylamide was found to inhibit several enzymes of
      glycolysis both in vitro and in vivo. The present study examines the
      characteristics of the in vitro inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and compares the in vivo effects of acrylamide on GAPDH
      activity to other analogs. Inhibition of GAPDH produced by acrylamide was
      characteristic of an irreversible or slowly reversible mechanism. In vivo, GAPDH
      activity was determined in sciatic nerve, brain, skeletal muscle and liver after
      cumulative doses of 250, 350 or 500 mg/kg of acrylamide. Specific activities were
      significantly lower in extensor muscle and liver after the 250 mg/kg dose.
      Activities in brain and sciatic nerve tended to be decreased but the differences
      were not statistically significant. Specific activity of GAPDH was decreased in
      medulla pons, cerebellum and the rest of the brain after a 350 mg/kg cumulative
      dose of acrylamide, although protein concentrations were not different from those
      in controls. The maximum decrease was about 20%. Treatment with acrylamide,
      methylene-bis-acrylamide (non-neurotoxic), or N-isopropylacrylamide (neurotoxic)
      significantly decreased the weight of the cortex and associated brain areas as
      well as general body weights. No signs of developing neuropathy were observed
      during treatment with methylene-bis-acrylamide to a cumulative dose (8.1
      mmoles/kg) equivalent to that of acrylamide causing frank paralysis. Although the
      compound exhibited some ability to inhibit GAPDH in vitro, no decrease in GAPDH
      activity was found in rat brain. Treatment with N-isopropylacrylamide resulted in
      progressive neurologic impairment. After treatment to a cumulative dose of the
      compound causing a severe hind-limb paralysis (9.2 mmoles/kg), a small but
      significant decrease in GAPDH was found in the three areas of brain examined.

PMID- 4047510
TI  - Brain and blood levels of bismuth after oral or parenteral administration of
      tripotassium-dicitrato bismuthate to rats.
AB  - Bismuth levels in blood and brain of rats have been measured following acute or
      subchronic administration of tri-potassium-dicitrato bismuthate (TDB) by
      intraperitoneal injection or by gavage. After parenteral administration, the
      presence of bismuth in blood was associated with appreciable bismuth
      concentrations in brain of treated animals (approximately equal to 10-30% of
      blood levels). In contrast, following oral treatment, no bismuth was detected in
      brain of animals, even at doses of TDB able to produce blood bismuth
      concentrations comparable with those obtained after intraperitoneal
      administration. The formation of different bismuth species in blood of treated
      animals depending upon the route of administration of TDB is suggested.

PMID- 4047511
TI  - Neurochemical effects of IDPN on the mouse brain.
AB  - Treatment of mice with IDPN (4 injections of 1 gm/kg on alternate days) produced
      a characteristic syndrome of abnormal movements which was associated with
      neurotransmitter changes in the extrapyramidal and other regions of the brain. A
      decrease in the concentration of GABA was observed in the striatum and
      hippocampus both 1 and 10 days after the last injection, along with a transient
      decrease in the cerebral cortex. In addition, the specific binding of GABA was
      increased by this treatment in the striatum and cerebral cortex but reduced in
      the cerebellum. Other striatal changes included a transient increase in dopamine
      content and a decrease in choline acetyltransferase activity. No biochemical or
      behavioral changes were observed after acute injection of IDPN or following 4
      injections of the non-neurotoxic analog BAPN. These neurochemical alterations may
      play a role in the abnormal movements produced by IDPN.

PMID- 4047512
TI  - The behavioral toxicology and teratology of childhood: models, methods, and
      implications for intervention.

PMID- 4047514
TI  - The effects of acute or chronic cadmium exposure on the adult mouse CNS: a freeze
      fracture study.
AB  - The effect of acute Cd exposure (0.5-12 mg CdCl2/kg body wt. for six hours) or
      chronic Cd exposure (40 ppm in the drinking water for 3 weeks) on the CNS of
      adult mice was investigated quantitatively by the use of the freeze-fracture
      technique to examine the nuclear membrane of cells from the cerebral cortex.
      Intramembrane particle density and nuclear pore density was determined for both
      the P face of the inner membrane and the E face of the outer membrane from
      control and experimental animals. The changes observed for both groups of
      experimental animals were similar in that particle numbers for both P and E faces
      were significantly increased over control values while nuclear pore numbers were
      unaffected. For the acute doses the increases were dose-dependent.

PMID- 4047513
TI  - Early development in the caudate and thyroid of methimazole-treated rats.
AB  - Rat pups were made hypothyroid by administration of the antithyroid agent,
      methimazole, to pregnant and lactating dams from gestational day 17 to postnatal
      day 10. Dendritic branching of caudate neurons in methimazole-treated pups was
      decreased 30 to 40 percent between 1 and 28 days of age. Perinatal methimazole
      treatment produced a pattern of developmental deficit or prolonged delay in the
      growth of dendrites of caudate interneurons. The antithyroid effect was also
      apparent in morphometric changes in the thyroid gland of methimazole-treated
      rats. Functional tissue was present at all ages examined. Colloid storage in the
      thyroid was decreased during methimazole administration compared with colloid
      storage after methimazole was discontinued. Both during and after methimazole
      administration the size of thyroid follicular cell nuclei in methimazole-treated
      pups was significantly greater than that of thyroid nuclei in control animals.
      Changes in dendritic branching, body weight and thyroxine levels lasted into
      adult life but recovery toward control levels was seen in adults. These changes
      in offspring following maternal administration of a goitrogen were demonstrated
      at an exposure level well below complete thyroid suppression.

PMID- 4047515
TI  - Central nervous system effect of 2,5-hexane diol.
AB  - Single exposure of 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg 2,5-hexanediol, (2,5 HD) a metabolite
      of n-hexane showed no significant effect on 3H-spiroperidol binding to corpus
      striatal membranes when compared with control animals, where as repeated exposure
      of 2,5-HD, 300 and 600 mg/kg caused a significant increase in 3H-spiroperidol
      binding. Data of the Scatchard analysis revealed a significant increase in the
      maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) without any significant alteration in the
      affinity of the receptor (KD). The effect of hexane diol appears to be
      reversible, as no significant effect was observed 7 days after the cessation of
      the treatment. The increase in amphetamine induced locomotor activity and
      apomorphine induced stereotypy in the animals exposed to repeated doses of 2,5
      hexane diol suggests an increase in the sensitivity of the receptors. The
      biochemical and behavioral studies suggests the involvement of dopaminergic
      transmitter function in the neurotoxicity of 2,5-HD.

PMID- 4047516
TI  - Delayed effects of Soman: brain glucose use and pathology.
AB  - The [14C]-2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) technique was used to determine the delayed
      effects of Soman, a potent anticholinesterase inhibitor, on local cerebral
      glucose utilization (LCGU). Rats were given 100 micrograms/kg of Soman (0.9 LD50;
      i.m.) or saline and LCGU was assessed 24, 48 or 72 hours later. All Soman
      injected rats had strong, continuous seizures which persisted for at least one
      hour. At 24 hours post-Soman there was greater than a 2-fold reduction in LCGU in
      the frontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, anterior and ventral thalamic nuclei,
      lateral habenula, parietal cortex, lateral geniculate and medial geniculate. On
      the other hand, the hippocampal structures did not show a significant decrease in
      LCGU until 48 hours post-Soman exposure. Conspicuous neuropathology was obvious
      in a number of structures upon inspection of the frozen brain sections,
      hematoxylin and eosin stained sections or the 2-DG autoradiograms, 24 to 72 hours
      post soman-exposure. Damage was most severe in the piriform cortex and amygdala.
      The lateral and ventral thalamic nuclei, many cortical regions and variable
      segments of the hippocampus were also consistently damaged. We suggest that
      energy deprivation, inadequate perfusion and/or inadequate calcium sequestration
      may contribute to the delayed effects following Soman-induced seizures. The 2
      deoxyglucose method provides information about the dynamic process of cerebral
      glucose utilization and serves as a "window" for identifying neuroanatomical
      structures affected by neurotoxins.

PMID- 4047517
TI  - Comparative toxicity of intracerebroventricular and subcutaneous aluminum in the
      rabbit.
AB  - Similar patterns of neurotoxicity were produced in rabbits receiving 20 to 28
      subcutaneous (sc) 400 mumol/kg injections of aluminum (Al) lactate given during 1
      month and in rabbits receiving a single 2.5 to 5 mumol Al injection into each
      cerebral ventricle (icv). Predominant overt features of the Al-induced
      encephalopathy included splayed limbs, seizures and postural changes. Elevated
      brain Al concentrations, especially in cortical regions, were associated with
      behavioral changes and the development of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). In
      rabbits developing NFTs, an Al concentration of 3.5 micrograms/gm dry weight was
      the minimal concentration associated with tangle formation. However, no
      correlation was seen between brain Al concentration and the number of NFTs
      produced. Elevated brain Al concentrations and symptoms of Al-induced
      encephalopathy were seen approximately 12 days after icv and 18 days after
      completion of sc Al injections. The results from the present study demonstrate
      that the neuropathology, brain aluminum concentrations, and behavioral
      symptomatology produced by centrally administered Al can be replicated by
      administration of an adequate dose of peripherally administered Al. Furthermore,
      an advantage of peripheral Al administration over icv Al administration is that a
      longer period of time is seen between dosing and the full onset of the
      encephalopathy, providing more time to study the effects of Al intoxication.

PMID- 4047518
TI  - The distribution of indium in the central and peripheral nervous system of the
      young rat.
AB  - A subtoxic quantity of radioactive 111indium and stable indium was injected once
      into young rats. Subsequently pairs of these rats were killed at intervals of 15
      minutes to 3 days after the injection. Tissues from the central (CNS) and
      peripheral nervous system (PNS) and blood were removed from each rat and the
      amount of 111indium was measured in the tissues. Cryostat sections of the
      cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord, sciatic nerve, a blood smear and a kidney
      control from each rat were examined with an analytical ion microscope (secondary
      ion mass spectrometry analysis) and the presence of 113 and 115 indium was
      localized in the tissues. These observations show that indium penetrates all
      neural tissues and that the brain resists the entry of indium - a very toxic
      element - much more effectively than the sciatic nerve.

PMID- 4047519
TI  - Nerve cell degeneration and progeny survival following ethylenethiourea treatment
      during pregnancy in rats.
AB  - Ethylenethiourea (ETU)-induced early histologic changes in fetal CNS and their
      effect on postnatal survival was studied at 0, 15 or 30 mg/kg administered as
      single oral dose on day 13 of pregnancy. Fetuses, from 4-6 dams killed at post
      treatment intervals of 12, 24, 48 and 72 h were fixed and studied for
      histopathological changes following routine methods. The remaining dams were
      allowed to litter and their progeny was studied for postnatal survival until 80
      days of age. Histologic study revealed the presence of karyorrhexis in the
      germinal layer of basal lamina of CNS extending from the thoracic spinal cord to
      the telencephalon twelve hours after treatment with 30 mg of ETU/kg. At 48 h post
      treatment, the spinal cord showed obliteration and duplication of the central
      canal and disorganization of germinal and mantle layers. In the brain, the
      ventricular lining was focally denuded, neuroepithelial cells were arranged in
      the form of rosettes and the nerve cell proliferation was disorganized. In the 15
      mg of ETU/kg group, cellular necrosis was less severe and consisted of
      degeneration in a single or a small group of cells widely dispersed in the
      germinal layer of neuraxis. The initial degenerative changes were observed in a
      specific nerve cell type, identified as the undifferentiated migrating
      neuroblast. In the postnatal study, since survival was reduced to 50% at the 30
      mg/kg and unaffected at the 15 mg/kg, it was concluded that necrosis of
      neuroblasts up to a certain degree was compatible with postnatal life until
      adulthood.

PMID- 4047520
TI  - Two groups of secondary vestibular neurons mediating horizontal canal signals,
      probably to the ipsilateral medial rectus muscle, under inhibitory influences
      from the cerebellar flocculus in rabbits.
AB  - Vestibular nuclear neurons that mediate horizontal canal signals to the
      ipsilateral medial rectus motoneurons were explored in anesthetized and
      decerebrate rabbits. These neurons were identified by four criteria: (1) they
      were activated monosynaptically by ipsilateral vestibular nerve stimulation and
      (2) antidromically from the oculomotor nucleus region, while they were inhibited
      by (3) direct floccular stimulation and (4) ipsilateral retinal stimulation that
      activated floccular Purkinje cells via a climbing fiber afferent pathway. Neurons
      fulfilling these criteria were found in two anatomically different regions, i.e.
      the rostrolateral part of the medial vestibular nucleus and in the ventral part
      of the lateral vestibular nucleus. In decerebrate rabbits, neurons in both loci
      responded to horizontal rotation of the whole body with the type I pattern
      (excited by ipsilateral rotation). These results suggest that horizontal canal
      signals are conveyed to ipsilateral medial rectus motoneurons by two separate
      groups of vestibular nuclear neurons which may play different roles in the
      vestibulo-ocular reflex.

PMID- 4047521
TI  - Two distinct projection areas from tongue nerves in the frontal operculum of
      macaque monkeys as revealed with evoked potential mapping.
AB  - Projection areas in the cerebral cortex from tongue nerves were investigated in
      anesthetized macaque monkeys (Macaca fuscata). Three tongue nerves (lingual
      nerve, chorda tympani, and a lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve) were
      electrically stimulated and thereby evoked mass field potentials were recorded
      with microelectrodes roving through the exposed and buried frontal operculum. Two
      distinct tongue nerve projection areas were thus located; one in the lower part
      of the precentral gyrus ventral to the inferior precentral sulcus, and the other
      in the medial part of the buried frontal operculum. The former corresponds to the
      "cortical masticatory area", previously defined in macaque monkeys as involved in
      somatic sensation as well as mastication. However, the prominent projection from
      the chorda tympani and glossopharyngeal nerve branch, containing taste fibers, to
      this area suggests its involvement in taste sensation. The latter corresponds to
      the "pure gustatory area" defined in squirrel monkeys in both location and
      cytoarchitecture. However, projection to this area from the lingual nerve, which
      contains only somatic nerve fibers, suggests its involvement in somatic
      sensation, as well.

PMID- 4047522
TI  - NGF-dependent and -independent growth of neurites from sympathetic ganglion cells
      of the aged human in a serum-free culture.
AB  - Small pieces of tissue isolated from abdominal sympathetic ganglia in aged male
      patients were cultured in a chemically defined, serum-free medium. The growth of
      neurites from pieces of ganglia in cultures with and without 50 ng/ml mouse 2.5S
      nerve growth factor (NGF) was compared. The NGF stimulated significantly greater
      regeneration of neurites, causing the growth of long fibers from the ganglion
      pieces. Many short neurites grew, even in the absence of the NGF, but these were
      generally short, except for long neurites generated in several nerve cells. A
      method was devised for the evaluation of NGF-dependent growth of neurites in the
      culture. The rate of the NGF-dependent growth of neurites, which was calculated
      by the difference in the total lengths of the NGF-dependent neurites between 2-
      and 4-day-old cultures, was approximately 160 micron/day. The results indicate
      that although the growth of neurites from some sympathetic nerve cells of the
      aged human become independent of the NGF, most of the nerve cells remain
      dependent on the NGF, even in the stage of senescence.

PMID- 4047523
TI  - Pupillary constriction evoked from the posterior medial lateral suprasylvian
      (PMLS) area in cats.
AB  - Pupillary constriction was evoked by systematic stimulation using a
      microelectrode in the upper medial bank of the middle suprasylvian sulcus in the
      parieto-occipital cortex of the cat. The pupillo-constrictor area corresponded to
      the rostral and middle parts of the posterior medial lateral suprasylvian (PMLS)
      area. This pupillo-constrictor area extended by 2-3 mm along the middle
      suprasylvian sulcus. It is suggested that this pupillo-constrictor area overlaps
      or lies in close proximity of a part of the region in PMLS area related to lens
      accommodation, in which unit activity temporally related to lens accommodation
      was recorded and from which lens accommodation was evoked by electric
      stimulation.

PMID- 4047524
TI  - Free amino acids in post-mortem cerebral cortices from patients with Alzheimer
      type dementia.
AB  - Concentrations of free amino acids were measured in the cerebral cortices of post
      mortem brains from 5 histologically verified cases of Alzheimer-type dementia
      (ATD) and 8 histologically normal controls. The concentration of glutamate in the
      ATD brains was significantly lower in the superior frontal, orbital, cingulate
      and inferior temporal cortices when compared with the control brains. The
      concentrations of taurine and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the ATD brains were
      significantly lower in the inferior temporal cortex. These findings suggest that
      amino acid neurons could be involved in ATD.

PMID- 4047525
TI  - Sleep disorders: insomnias.
AB  - An inability to sleep or sleep prematurely ended or interrupted by periods of
      wakefulness (insomnia) are some of the most frequent complaints heard from
      patients. Insomnia can be situationally related or persistent in nature.
      Persistent insomnia may be associated with biological rhythm disturbances, drug
      dependency, psychophysiologic abnormalities, psychiatric disturbance, sleep apnea
      syndrome or nocturnal myoclonus. This article describes these pathologies, gives
      clues toward differential diagnosis, suggests patient subgroups that would
      benefit from referral for specialized evaluation at a sleep disorder center and
      describes current treatment options.

PMID- 4047526
TI  - Monitoring asthma with a Mini-Wright Peak Flow Meter.
AB  - Clinical assessments of the degree of airway obstruction in asthma are known to
      be unreliable. Objective measurements of pulmonary function are essential to
      assessing the severity of asthma. Recently, an inexpensive, portable machine, the
      Mini-Wright Peak Flow Meter, has become available for clinic and home use. This
      article describes ways the nurse practitioner can use this meter to improve
      diagnosis and treatment of asthma. Peak flow measurements can be used to diagnose
      asthma, and are especially useful in atypical and severe presentations of the
      disease. Treatment is enhanced by both clinic and home monitoring of response to
      medications. Regular home monitoring can also improve patients' abilities to
      provide self-care. Several examples from a case study are given which illustrate
      the usefulness of home monitoring in medication management, in detection of
      diurnal variation of the asthma and in the identification of acute illness.

PMID- 4047527
TI  - A performance appraisal tool for nurse practitioners.
AB  - Performance appraisal can be an emotionally charged experience for both the
      supervisor and the employee. The accuracy of the appraisal is dependent not only
      upon the evaluator, but also upon the appropriateness of the tool being used for
      the task. An employee's career advancement, professional development, monetary
      remuneration and self-esteem often may depend upon the final outcome of the
      process. A group of nurse practitioners practicing in a wide variety of clinical
      and administrative roles at the Johns Hopkins Hospital formed a task force to
      develop a performance appraisal tool that would adequately reflect the nurse
      practitioner role and that could be individualized according to the work setting.
      A general overview of the development process, the tool, its scoring system and
      instructions for implementation are presented.

PMID- 4047528
TI  - Attachment theory.
AB  - Maternal-infant attachment theory is another example of a theory borrowed from
      one discipline and adapted to another. Ethological observations of species
      specific behavior exhibited by animals at the time of birth generated the
      hypothesis that perhaps humans also had species-specific behaviors which could
      have lasting effects on the relationship between mother and baby. While one
      cannot generalize the attachment theory, it has opened the way for a more
      humanistic approach to birthing.

PMID- 4047529
TI  - The case for use of generic names.

PMID- 4047530
TI  - Weakness and fatigue.

PMID- 4047531
TI  - Osteoporosis, bone mineral measurements and photon absorptiometry.

PMID- 4047532
TI  - Kinetics of different 123I- and 14C-labelled fatty acids in normal and diabetic
      rat myocardium in vivo.
AB  - Terminally radioiodinated long-chain fatty acids (FA) or phenyl-FA have shown
      promise for external myocardial imaging and detection of metabolic disorders with
      changes like those seen with radiocarbon-labelled natural FA. Yet, questions
      remain about the correlation of these changes to the biochemical forms of
      radioiodine within the cell. We have measured the distribution of label from 123I
      heptadecanoic acid (HA), 123I-para-phenyl- and ortho-phenylpentadecanoic acid
      (pPPA and oPPA), 1-14C-stearic acid (SA) and 1-14C-palmitic acid (PA) into
      complex lipids (CL) (i.e. triacylglycerols (TG) and phospholipids (PL)), aqueous
      phase (AP) and solid residue (SR) of myocardium of normal (N) and streptozotocin
      diabetic (D) rats at 1,2, 3, 5 and 10 min after i.v. injection. For the total
      heart (TH) all FA have similar initial peak heights in % dose (pPPA highest) at 1
      to 2 min in N and D. Tracer kinetics for CL, TG and PL were similar for PA and
      pPPA and for SA and HA. For PA and pPPA 2/3 of CL tracer were in TG and 1/3 in
      PL, whereas it was 1/2 in each for SA and HA. In D rats turnover of CL was
      enhanced and tracer uptake into TG reduced for all FA. Tracer kinetics in SR and
      AP were similar, with highest values for HA; relationship between peak times for
      CL and AP indicates rapid formation of catabolite and its early cell exit. Unlike
      pPPA, oPPA was little converted to TG or PL and equally in N and D rats showed
      rapid decline.

PMID- 4047533
TI  - Quantitation of pulmonary gallium-67 uptake: comparison of computer-derived
      indices.
AB  - A variety of computer-derived indices of pulmonary gallium-67 were compared in 51
      subjects with and without interstitial lung disorders. An index which quantitates
      lung uptake in relation to liver uptake, both being corrected for tissue
      background activity over the thigh, was the most reliable in differentiating
      between the two patient groups. The index is easily derived using standard
      computer techniques, so permitting further studies to assess its role in serial
      assessments of the progress of these disorders.

PMID- 4047534
TI  - Smoking, maternal age, and fetal growth.
AB  - In a prospective clinical study from an unselected area-based population, the
      influence on birth weight for gestational age (standardized birth weight) was
      studied with special respect to risk factors for intrauterine growth retardation.
      Smoking was the most important risk factor: 16% of the mothers smoked at least
      ten cigarettes per day, and the influence of smoking on standardized birth weight
      was highly significant (P less than .001). Maternal age in itself had no effect
      on standardized birth weight. However, among smokers the reduction in
      standardized birth weight became more pronounced with increasing maternal age (P
      less than .001). Longterm smoking has been reported to increase the risk of
      severe placental complications. This study emphasizes that elderly smokers also
      must be considered to be at a higher risk than younger smokers for developing
      fetal growth disturbances.

PMID- 4047535
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of intravenous hydralazine in pregnant women with severe
      hypertension.
AB  - The hemodynamic changes after intravenous administration of hydralazine were
      assessed using M-mode echocardiography in 13 pregnant patients with severe
      hypertension. The patients were divided into two groups: eight who had
      preeclampsia (group 1) and five who had essential hypertension and/or
      superimposed preeclampsia (group 2). Patients in group 1 had significantly lower
      pretreatment cardiac indexes and higher systemic vascular resistances (P less
      than .01) than did patients of group 2, despite similar mean blood pressure
      values. Thirty minutes after intravenous administration of 12.5 mg hydralazine, a
      significant decrease in mean arterial pressure (21%) and systemic vascular
      resistance (41%) and also a significant increase in heart rate (22%) and cardiac
      index (33%) were observed in group 1. The hemodynamic response in group 2 was
      attenuated; the mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance fell by
      an average of 11 and 13%, respectively. The post-hydralazine percent changes in
      mean blood pressure for the total patient population did not correlate with the
      initial values of blood pressure (r = .091). In contrast, the percent reduction
      in systemic vascular resistance after administration of hydralazine inversely
      correlated with the control values of vascular resistance (r = -.742). These
      findings indicate that cardiovascular response to acute hydralazine
      administration is related to the baseline hemodynamic setting. M-mode
      echocardiography seems to be a reliable method for comprehensive analysis of
      cardiovascular effects of pharmacologic intervention in pregnant women with
      hypertension.

PMID- 4047536
TI  - Coagulopathy associated with dilatation and evacuation for intrauterine fetal
      death.
AB  - Dilatation and evacuation was reported recently to be a safe and effective method
      for the treatment of intrauterine fetal death. The current authors have treated
      ten cases of intrauterine fetal death with dilatation and evacuation. Five
      patients (50%) developed coagulopathy, one of whom also developed endometritis.
      Patients who developed coagulopathy were significantly older than those who did
      not. Previous pregnancy also was associated with the development of coagulopathy.
      Five of six multigravidas developed coagulopathy, whereas none of the four
      primigravidas developed this complication. Other factors that may have
      contributed to the development of coagulopathy are discussed. The authors
      conclude that dilatation and evacuation for midtrimester intrauterine fetal death
      may not be as safe as has been reported.

PMID- 4047537
TI  - Plasma lipoproteins including high density lipoprotein subfractions during normal
      pregnancy.
AB  - In 19 healthy women the levels of plasma lipoprotein fractions were determined
      before conception, at exact gestational ages every six to 8 weeks during
      pregnancy, and eight weeks after delivery. The high density lipoprotein level was
      elevated in the 14th week and showed a maximum rise by 41% in the 28th week of
      pregnancy because of a doubling of the high density lipoprotein2 level. The low
      density lipoprotein level decreased in early pregnancy but then increased
      continuously. The very low density lipoprotein triglyceride concentration showed
      a continuous increase from week 14, and in week 36, it was three times higher
      than before pregnancy. During lactation, eight weeks after delivery, the low
      density lipoprotein concentration remained elevated, whereas the other
      lipoproteins had returned to prepregnancy levels.

PMID- 4047538
TI  - Preterm breech delivery: another retrospective study.
AB  - To evaluate the significance of the route of delivery for preterm breech
      deliveries, a retrospective study was performed on 136 infants in breech
      presentation, weighing less than 1500 g. Thirty-seven (27%) were delivered
      vaginally, and the remaining 99 (73%) by cesarean section. Although perinatal
      mortality was higher in the vaginally delivered infants than in those born by
      cesarean section (54 versus 37%), statistical significance was not shown. One
      fourth of the deaths in the vaginal delivery group occurred intrapartum. Although
      most previous studies have suggested improved outcome with delivery by cesarean
      section, the present study fails to demonstrate any statistically significant
      difference. Whether there is, in fact, no difference in outcome attributable to
      the route of delivery or a difference exists that is not demonstrable by a
      retrospective study is an open question. It is concluded that the design of the
      present retrospective study, as in all published studies on this subject,
      confounds the results and thereby makes conclusions precarious. The limited value
      of nonrandomized retrospective studies for the evaluation of a certain obstetric
      procedure is discussed.

PMID- 4047539
TI  - Increased renal reabsorption of inorganic sulfate in third-trimester high-risk
      pregnancies.
AB  - Inorganic sulfate (SO4) is an essential metabolite for the synthesis of sulfated
      mucopolysaccharides and steroid sulfates in the fetus and placenta. The authors'
      previous study of pregnant women at delivery revealed a substantial increase in
      serum SO4 compared with nonpregnant adults. To determine whether or not this
      difference was related to altered renal handling, creatinine clearance and SO4
      reabsorption was measured in 43 women in the third trimester of pregnancy and in
      22 nonpregnant control subjects. Serum SO4 was 32% higher in the pregnant women
      than in control subjects. Urinary excretion of SO4 was unchanged, but absolute
      reabsorption of SO4 was significantly higher. Blood pressure, serum creatinine,
      and serum chloride were significant predictors of serum SO4. As a group, women
      with hypertension (diastolic blood pressure greater than 80 mmHg) had a
      significantly higher serum SO4 than those with normal blood pressure. One result
      of the increased SO4 reabsorption by maternal kidney is that it generates a
      larger maternal reservoir on which the fetoplacental unit can draw for its
      biosynthetic needs.

PMID- 4047540
TI  - Comparison of glucose polymer and glucose for screening and tolerance tests in
      pregnancy.
AB  - Forty-eight of 100 pregnant women received a 100-g (nonfasting) glucose screening
      test at about 28 weeks' gestation, followed by a 100-g glucose tolerance test.
      Another 52 received a 100-g (nonfasting) glucose polymer screening test followed
      by a 100-g glucose polymer tolerance test. Mean plasma glucose one hour after the
      glucose screening test was significantly lower than after the glucose polymer
      screening test. A further 178 women received a glucose polymer screening test and
      a glucose polymer tolerance test (230 in total). These women and the infants they
      delivered were studied to derive diagnostic criteria for the 100-g glucose
      polymer tolerance test by correlating maternal carbohydrate tolerance with
      indexes of neonatal metabolic performance, and to determine an adequate method of
      screening for carbohydrate intolerance of pregnancy (gestational diabetes).
      Diagnostic criteria similar to those of O'Sullivan and Mahan were also developed
      for the glucose polymer tolerance test. These values are up to 5% lower than
      those recommended by the National Diabetes Data Group (1979) for the 100-g
      glucose tolerance test.

PMID- 4047541
TI  - Maternal mortality in Ontario from 1970 to 1980.
AB  - This review describes trends in maternal mortality in Ontario, Canada during 1970
      to 1980 inclusive. There has been a significant decline in the total and direct
      deaths recorded. Anesthetic complications, hemorrhage, obstetric sepsis, and non
      obstetric infections are now rare causes of maternal mortality. Toxemia and
      emboli remain major components of direct obstetric deaths. Collagen vascular
      disease, cardiac disease, pulmonary emboli, and cerebrovascular accidents are
      consistently found as causes of indirect maternal deaths.

PMID- 4047542
TI  - Reliability of lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios in diabetic pregnancy.
AB  - Diabetic pregnancy is said to be associated with a delay in pulmonary maturity
      and significant false-positive rates for the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L:S) ratio.
      Lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios without routine estimation of phosphatidylglycerol
      in the management of 102 insulin-dependent diabetics were analyzed to assess
      whether or not these ratios were mature at 37 weeks and whether or not the method
      used was reliable. Only two of 102 (1.9%) values were reported at less than 2 to
      1 from amniocentesis at 37 weeks' gestation. The incidence of respiratory
      distress syndrome was zero. The authors concluded that the L:S ratio measured by
      the method used, is a reliable predictor of lung maturity in diabetic pregnancy
      and that with strict glucose homeostasis, normal pulmonary maturation occurs by
      37 weeks' gestation in diabetic pregnancy.

PMID- 4047543
TI  - Abortions that fail.
AB  - In this study of 33,090 suction curettage abortions performed at less than or
      equal to 12 weeks' gestation, the rate of unrecognized failed abortions was 2.3
      per 1000 abortions. Women with one or more prior pregnancies and those having an
      abortion at less than or equal to six weeks' gestation, particularly when small
      suction cannulae were used, were at higher risk for this complication (relative
      risks of 2.2, 2.9, and 11.1, respectively). Failures were also more likely when
      abortions were performed by resident physicians (relative risk of 2.2) and when
      they were performed on women with uterine anomalies (relative risk of 90.6).
      Physicians can minimize the risk of failed abortion by selecting an appropriate
      suction cannula size and by planning the optimal time to perform the abortion.
      Likewise, abortions performed either by residents or on women with uterine
      anomalies merit extra care.

PMID- 4047544
TI  - Relationship of age and pubertal development to ovulation in adolescent girls.
AB  - A random sample of adolescent girls, 13 to 16 years of age, were surveyed with
      multiple serum progesterone determinations. The presence of ovulation was
      correlated with various indexes of pubertal development, including a pubertal
      developmental index that was devised using a summation of developmental factors.
      There was a significant correlation of ovulation with breast development, pubic
      hair development, and with the developmental index.

PMID- 4047545
TI  - Identification of histopathologic risk groups in stage IB squamous cell carcinoma
      of the cervix.
AB  - This study was undertaken to identify histopathologic risk factors in 100 women
      with stage IB squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix treated surgically.
      Histologic factors included maximum depth of stromal invasion, presence of lymph
      vascular invasion, mitotic activity, nature of the tumor-stromal borders, plasma
      cell-lymphocyte stromal response, histologic grade, and metastases to regional
      lymph nodes. Using a multifactorial analysis, the maximum depth of stromal
      invasion was found to be the most important prognostic indicator (P less than
      .0001). The depth of invasion also correlated significantly with the presence of
      nodal metastases (P less than .0001), lymph-vascular space invasion (P = .0003),
      and "spreading" versus "pushing" borders (P = .0315). The number of mitoses,
      grade of tumor, or plasma cell-lymphocyte stromal response did not correlate
      significantly with depth of stromal invasion. Lymph-vascular involvement,
      although present in 59% of the patients, did not significantly affect survival.
      Depth of stromal invasion and lesion diameter were combined to constitute three
      risk groups: Patients with small size cervical tumors (less than 2 cm),
      regardless of depth of stromal invasion, as well as patients with intermediate
      size lesions (2.1 to 3 cm) with stromal invasion less than or equal to 1.5 cm,
      constituted a low-risk group; the intermediate-risk group was comprised of those
      patients with cervical lesions between 2.1 and 3 cm in size and deep stromal
      invasion (greater than 1.5 cm), as well as those patients with large cervical
      lesions (greater than 3.0 cm) and stromal invasion less than or equal to 1.5
      cm.2+ (greater than 3 cm) and deep stromal invasion (greater than 1.5
      cm).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4047546
TI  - Tamoxifen therapy of epithelial ovarian cancer.
AB  - The activity of the antiestrogen tamoxifen was evaluated in 23 patients with
      epithelial ovarian carcinoma. All patients had received cytotoxic chemotherapy.
      The patients were given daily doses of 20 or 40 mg tamoxifen orally for a minimum
      of eight weeks. No objective tumor regressions were noted. In 19 patients disease
      remained stable for a median duration of 17 weeks (range: eight to 47 weeks).
      Estrogen and/or progesterone levels available for six patients did not correlate
      with stability of disease. The authors conclude that tamoxifen does not induce
      objective response in patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma who have been
      treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, in the current study about 80% of
      such patients had short-lived objective stabilization of their disease.

PMID- 4047547
TI  - Measurement of blood flow through surgical anastomosis using the radioactive
      microsphere technique.
AB  - Two different radioactive microspheres (141Ce and 46Sc) were used to measure
      blood flow to an area of the large intestine in dogs before and after a surgical
      resection was performed with surgical staples. The healing of an anastomosis is
      theoretically related to the blood flow to the anastomotic site. Blood flow
      studies were conducted in three dogs using this technique. The average blood flow
      preoperatively was 0.558 mL/minute per gram and 1.04 mL/minute per gram
      postoperatively. The standard deviation was +/- 0.16. These results indicate a
      statistically significant (P less than .05) increase in blood flow at the
      anastomotic site six days after anastomosis when compared with the blood flow to
      the same area before any surgical procedures.

PMID- 4047548
TI  - Use of vaginal pressure measurements in urodynamic testing.
AB  - A study of 50 women using vaginal pressure measurements in urodynamic testing was
      performed. In the majority of patients, the vaginal pressure accurately reflects
      events occurring in the abdominal cavity. The elimination of abdominal pressure
      artifacts assists the physician in identifying patients with unstable bladders
      and assessing the voiding mechanisms. Vaginal placement of the pressure
      transducer is easier than rectal placement and better tolerated by patients.

PMID- 4047549
TI  - Hidradenitis suppurativa: a case presentation and review of the literature.
AB  - A case history of a 34-year-old white woman with recurrent inflammatory lesions
      involving the inguinal areas bilaterally is presented. Salient points of
      diagnosis, pathophysiology, and differential diagnosis are discussed. In this
      patient, steroid injections, incision and drainage, and topical and systemic
      antibiotics were unsuccessful, and a modified vulvectomy with inguinal skin
      resection was performed. An historic review of hidradenitis suppurativa is
      presented, and current options of management are discussed.

PMID- 4047550
TI  - OSHA's future direction obscured by controversy, personnel turnovers.

PMID- 4047551
TI  - Acting OSHA chief Tyson says agency suffers during controversy. Interview by
      Deborah Schechter.

PMID- 4047552
TI  - Despite continued improvement, coal miners perceive health as poor.

PMID- 4047553
TI  - Occupational health programs: the ounce of prevention paying off.

PMID- 4047554
TI  - Increased awareness of health costs emphasizes medical work services.

PMID- 4047555
TI  - Mobile health testing.

PMID- 4047556
TI  - Chemical protective clothing: technology will shape the future.

PMID- 4047557
TI  - Chemical mixture hazard evaluation differs from that of single substances.

PMID- 4047558
TI  - Unprecedented employer indictments bring question of what is bottom line.

PMID- 4047559
TI  - PPOs...a trojan horse.

PMID- 4047560
TI  - Cavitary pulmonary nodules in metastatic transitional cell carcinoma.

PMID- 4047561
TI  - Cancer: thoughts on improving survival.

PMID- 4047562
TI  - The breast cancer controversy--information by legislation.

PMID- 4047563
TI  - The yield of new problems found during periodic health examinations of
      impoverished patients.

PMID- 4047564
TI  - [Tasks of ophthalmologists of the Ukrainian SSR in preparing for the universal
      dispensary care of the population].

PMID- 4047565
TI  - [Disordered blood supply of the eye in diabetes mellitus and the use of tissue
      preparations in the combined therapy of patients with early stages of diabetic
      changes in the fundus oculi].

PMID- 4047566
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of the early stages of vascular eye lesions in
      diabetics].

PMID- 4047568
TI  - [Importance of fundus oculi studies using transformed light for detecting the
      early signs of diabetic retinopathy].

PMID- 4047567
TI  - [Early changes in the macular area in diabetics and their classification].

PMID- 4047569
TI  - [Therapeutic effectiveness of photocoagulation of the fundus oculi depending on
      the form and stage of diabetic retinopathy].

PMID- 4047571
TI  - [Time periods and the precipitating causes of retinal detachment in aphakic
      eyes].

PMID- 4047570
TI  - [Morphological bases of the pathogenesis of microcirculatory disorders in
      different stages of diabetic angioretinopathy].

PMID- 4047572
TI  - [Hydrodynamic changes following extra- and intracapsular cataract extraction].

PMID- 4047573
TI  - [Aphakic vitreotraction pain syndrome].

PMID- 4047575
TI  - [Scleral conus in students entering higher education institutions and its
      possible relation to the convergent function of the oblique eye muscles].

PMID- 4047574
TI  - [Corneal endothelial changes in keratokonus].

PMID- 4047576
TI  - [Convergence function of preschool children].

PMID- 4047577
TI  - [Effectiveness of using neuroleptanalgesia in microsurgery of cataract and
      glaucoma].

PMID- 4047578
TI  - [Dynamics of radioactive phosphorus accumulation in normal paired eyes and in
      toxic allergic uveitis].

PMID- 4047579
TI  - [Do reserves of accommodation for distance provide evidence of the strength of
      the ciliary muscle?].

PMID- 4047580
TI  - [Effect of different oculomotor regimens on the development of the functional
      potentials of the eye].

PMID- 4047581
TI  - [A teaching machine for learning and mastering the technics of microsurgical
      operations on the eye].

PMID- 4047582
TI  - [Clinical manifestations of ocular demodicosis].

PMID- 4047584
TI  - [Improved methods of removing intraocular metal foreign bodies].

PMID- 4047583
TI  - [Immediate and late treatment results in penetrating eye wounds].

PMID- 4047585
TI  - [Treatment of chalazion].

PMID- 4047586
TI  - [Expression of mutant genes in mouse aggregation chimeras. 4. The aphakia gene].
AB  - Analysis of aphakia (ak) gene expression in ak/ak C/C in equilibrium +/+ c/c
      experimental chimaeras has shown that the ak gene acts in the lens rudiment cells
      blocking it differentiation. In the lens of 12 day old ak/ak C/C in equilibrium
      +/+ c/c chimaeric embryos undifferentiated ak/ak cells were present among the
      normally differentiating fibres. In 14 and 18 day old chimaeric embryos and 20
      day old chimaeric mice ak/ak cells are located under the lens epithelium and the
      capsule of posterior lens half. In the locations of ak/ak cells on the posterior
      lens surface capsule breaks resulted in the extrusion of lens material into the
      secondary eye cavity. In all studied chimaeric embryos the lens structure is more
      similar to that in the normal embryos, than in ak/ak embryos. This suggests that
      in the developing chimaeric lens ak/ak cells are sorted out as the development
      proceeds. The proliferation rate of +/+ cells appears to be higher than that of
      ak/ak cells.

PMID- 4047587
TI  - [Inductive effect of the eye tissues of adult clawed toads on the gastrula
      ectoderm].
AB  - The inducing influence of adult eye tissues on the early gastrula ectoderm was
      studied in vitro. Both retina and pigment epithelium induced in the early
      gastrula ectoderm similar spectra of cell types, including nervous tissue,
      retina, pigment epithelium, lentoids, ectomesenchyme, and melanophores. It is
      suggested that the correspondence of these cell types with those arising at a
      spontaneous transdifferentiation of the isolated retina and pigment epithelium
      cells in vitro or at the induction of the early gastrula ectoderma by
      archencephalic endomesoderm during the normal development can be accounted for by
      that in these eye cells molecular determinants appeared as a result of induction
      and maintaina the stability of their differentiation and their potencies to
      transdifferentiation in vitro being reproduced during the lifetime of these
      cells.

PMID- 4047588
TI  - [Dependence of the intensity of growth processes on the potential difference at
      the cytoplasmic membrane].
AB  - The growth of organisms is a dynamic process of interrelated fluxes of substances
      and energy which most often proceeds in the steady-state conditions, the energy
      dependent process being predominant. The rate of growth is directly proportional
      to the potential difference at the plasma membrane, created essentially by a
      passive influx of energy substance to the cell oxidative system which is a
      limiting link of its energization. The formation of potential difference is
      influenced by concentrations of biomass and energy substrate at the plasma
      membrane, as well as the values of electric capacity of the membrane and rate
      constants for the electric charge formation and expenditure.

PMID- 4047589
TI  - Anterior chamber washout for traumatic hyphema.
AB  - A surgical approach that involves paracentesis and gentle anterior chamber
      washout and minimal surgical trauma is presented for dealing with traumatic
      hyphema. This technique taught by Dr. Paul Chandler produces excellent results
      and is safe, simple, and without need for elaborate instrumentation.

PMID- 4047590
TI  - The use of the single stage Molteno long tube seton in treating resistant cases
      of glaucoma.
AB  - The Molteno long tube seton was used in 12 eyes with glaucoma. The seton was
      inserted in one stage. Seven of the 12 eyes had previous filtration surgery which
      had failed. All the eyes had intraocular pressures below 24 mm Hg over an average
      follow-up period of 14 months. Prolonged postoperative hypotony was the biggest
      problem following seton implantation as a one-stage procedure. One of the eyes
      became pthisical. The Molteno seton may be used to treat neovascular glaucoma, or
      glaucoma which has failed to respond to previous filtration surgery.

PMID- 4047591
TI  - Combined trabeculectomy and cataract extraction.
AB  - Combined trepanotrabeculectomy (TTE) and intracapsular cataract extraction for
      advanced cataract and severe open angle glaucoma proved to be successful in 84%
      of the operated eyes which were followed for one to 11 years. Complications were
      infrequent as compared to other combined procedures. The frequency of
      postoperative flat anterior chamber in particular was much lower. In 77% of the
      eyes the surgical scars were covered by normal conjunctiva without evidence of
      extraocular filtration. No avascular cystic blebs formed. The same operation
      performed as a secondary procedure seems to be equally successful. Eight eyes,
      which previously had successful trepanotrabeculectomy, developed cataract, which
      was removed without impinging on the function of the trabeculectomy scars. If the
      two operations are to be performed in separate sittings, it is advisable to
      perform the TTE first, followed by cataract extraction.

PMID- 4047592
TI  - Disappearance of keratic precipitates after intraocular surgery.
AB  - Two patients presenting with signs of anterior uveitis and keratic precipitates
      underwent intraocular surgery. When the bandages were changed, one day after
      surgery, it was observed that all the keratic precipitates had disappeared. The
      KPs did not reappear, and the eyes remained free of inflammation in the anterior
      segment during a six-month follow-up.

PMID- 4047594
TI  - The anterior capsular nibbler.

PMID- 4047593
TI  - BB-gun injuries to the eye.
AB  - Thirteen patients with BB-gun injuries to the eye are reported. Included are nine
      instances of double perforation, one case of vitreous hemorrhage, a case of late
      rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, one of retinitis sclopetaria, and a case of an
      intraocular shell casing introduced indirectly via an inadvertant BB-gun
      discharge into a drawer of bullets. Among the nine globes with double
      perforation, seven eyes were irreparably damaged and eventually enucleated, while
      two remained with hand motions vision. Despite modern vitrectomy techniques,
      double perforating BB-gun injuries to the globe imply a grim prognosis.

PMID- 4047595
TI  - Pupillary block glaucoma does occur with uncomplicated extracapsular cataract
      extraction.

PMID- 4047596
TI  - "Super-maximum levator resection for severe unilateral congenital
      blepharoptosis".

PMID- 4047597
TI  - What anesthetic technique provides best lid akinesia?

PMID- 4047598
TI  - Progressive inherited retinal arteriolar tortuosity with spontaneous retinal
      hemorrhages.
AB  - Tortuosity of the retinal arterioles complicated by spontaneous retinal
      hemorrhages is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Even when hemorrhages
      involve the fovea, spontaneous clearing with recovery of normal vision is the
      rule. We have studied members of three families in which arteriolar tortuosity
      increases with age. Tortuosity increases most dramatically during adolescence and
      affects small arterioles in the macular area. Retinal hemorrhages in children
      from two pedigrees led to extensive laboratory investigation because arteriolar
      tortuosity, later unmistakeable, was not recognized initially. Inherited retinal
      arteriolar tortuosity may be overlooked easily, particularly in children.
      Patients with spontaneous retinal hemorrhages and their relatives should be
      examined for retinal arteriolar tortuosity before being subjected to
      cardiovascular or hematologic studies.

PMID- 4047599
TI  - The use of silicone oil following failed vitrectomy for retinal detachment with
      advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
AB  - We have used silicone oil injection in a consecutive series of 44 patients with
      retinal detachment and advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy, all of whom had
      previously failed to reattach with vitrectomy, membrane peeling, and scleral
      buckling. After a minimal follow-up period of six months, complete anatomic
      retinal reattachment posterior to the encircling scleral buckle was obtained in
      64% of these eyes, and visual acuity of 5/200 or better was achieved in 57% of
      the anatomically successful cases. Silicone oil removal was performed in 69% of
      the anatomically and visually successful eyes without recurrent retinal
      detachment.

PMID- 4047600
TI  - The effect of long-term near normal glycemic control on mild diabetic
      retinopathy.
AB  - Thirty-three type l diabetics who used continuous subcutaneous infusion of
      insulin (CSll) and 24 diabetics on conventional treatment (maximum of two
      injections per day) were studied prospectively with ophthalmologic examinations,
      fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1)
      determinations. Both groups were similar with respect to age, duration of
      diabetes, and length of follow-up. At entry almost all patients had only mild
      forms of diabetic retinopathy although three CSll patients had early
      proliferative retinopathy. The CSll groups achieved superior glycemic control
      throughout the study (mean HbA1 = 7.4% vs. 10.2%). After an average follow-up of
      more than 30 months, the CSll group showed significantly less progression of
      diabetic retinopathy as measured by macular aneurysm counts and by modified ETDRS
      grading. Careful control of glycemia may delay the progression of diabetic
      retinopathy.

PMID- 4047601
TI  - Removal of epimacular membranes.
AB  - Vitreous surgery was used to remove epiretinal macular membranes in 328 cases,
      184 (56%) of which had membranes that were considered idiopathic and 144 (44%)
      which were due to other causes. The 12- to 92-month follow-up showed that visual
      acuity improved two lines or more in 243 (74%) of the eyes, 79 (24%) were
      unchanged and 6 (2%) became worse. Recurrence of membranes was seen in 24 (7.3%)
      eyes and 27 (8%) eyes developed complications. In the idiopathic cases visual
      results were significantly better and complications fewer. Rapidly progressive
      nuclear sclerosis was noted in 23 (12.5%) eyes. The degree of cystoid edema had
      no relationship to the final visual result. Pseudoholes which were present in 14
      (8%) of the idiopathic cases either became smaller or disappeared following
      successful surgery with an average increase in acuity of five lines.

PMID- 4047602
TI  - Characteristics and low vision corrections in Stargardt's disease. Educational
      and vocational achievements enhanced by low vision corrections.
AB  - One hundred and sixteen patients with Stargardt's disease demonstrated the most
      useful optical aids that enabled them to obtain an education and employment. The
      most useful optical aid for distance was the 8X monocular focusable telescope.
      For near, high-add bifocals, tri-focals, half-eye binocular spectacle magnifiers,
      paperweight-type magnifiers and hand magnifiers were most useful. Optical aids
      were prescribed for 102 patients with a success rate of 96%. The progression of
      visual loss is generally gradual and symmetrical terminating within ten years
      after onset and not becoming worse than 20/800 (6/240). Academic success seems to
      be related more to intellectual ability than degree of visual impairment. Highly
      trained and educated individuals with Stargardt's disease were able to find
      employment and perform duties usually associated with normal vision.

PMID- 4047603
TI  - A reduced incidence of cystoid macular edema following retinal detachment surgery
      using diathermy.
AB  - Cystoid macular edema (CME) is recognized as an important cause of decreased
      visual acuity following successful retinal detachment surgery. Postoperative
      fluorescein angiographic studies suggest an incidence of up to 28% in phakic
      patients, and 50% in aphakic cases. Cryotherapy was used with scleral buckling in
      all these previous studies. In the series reported here, diathermy with scleral
      buckling was used to reattach the retina. In 126 phakic eyes the incidence of CME
      was 5.6% (7 cases). This is the lowest incidence reported in any series. We
      attribute these results to reduced intraocular inflammation using diathermy as
      compared to cryotherapy.

PMID- 4047604
TI  - The incidence of retinal detachment following extracapsular cataract extraction.
      A ten-year study.
AB  - A long-term prospective study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of specific
      complications following extracapsular cataract extraction. Eight hundred forty
      two consecutive extracapsular cataract extractions were performed over a ten-year
      period with a minimum follow-up time of one year. The mean follow up period for
      this series was 32.2 months. The incidence of retinal detachment in the entire
      population was 1.4%. In those eyes with a cataract as the only ocular abnormality
      and with no surgical complications, the frequency was 1.0%. The incidence in eyes
      following uncomplicated procedures, with no other ocular pathology and with an
      intact posterior capsule was 0.8%. The incidence of opacification of the
      posterior capsule requiring capsulotomy was 16.7%. The mean time interval for a
      secondary capsulotomy was 24.3 months. A positive correlation between this time
      interval and patient age was established.

PMID- 4047605
TI  - Radiation optic neuropathy.
AB  - Following surgery for pituitary adenoma, radiation therapy is an accepted
      treatment in reducing tumor recurrence. However, a potential therapeutic
      complication is delayed radionecrosis of perisellar neural structures, including
      the optic nerves and chiasm. This particular cause of visual loss, radiation
      optic neuropathy (RON), has not been emphasized in the ophthalmologic literature.
      Four cases of RON seen in the past five years are reported. Diagnostic criteria
      include: (1) acute visual loss (monocular or binocular), (2) visual field defects
      indicating optic nerve or chiasmal dysfunction, (3) absence of optic disc edema,
      (4) onset usually within three years of therapy (peak: 1-1 1/2 years), and (5) no
      computed tomographic evidence of visual pathway compression. Pathologic findings,
      differential diagnosis and therapy will be discussed in outlining the clinical
      profile of RON.

PMID- 4047606
TI  - Chloroquine retinopathy. Is fluorescein angiography necessary?
AB  - Color fundus photographs and corresponding fluorescein angiograms from 83
      patients suspected of having chloroquine retinopathy were reviewed in a
      retrospective masked study to determine the relative sensitivity of these two
      photographic methods in the diagnosis of retinal toxicity. We identified retinal
      toxicity on both color photographs and fluorescein angiograms in 7.6% of cases,
      on the color photographs but not on the corresponding angiograms in 6.1% of
      cases, and on the fluorescein angiograms but not on the color photographs in 1.5%
      of cases. Fluorescein angiography may not be as sensitive as color fundus
      photography (or ophthalmoscopy) in the diagnosis of chloroquine retinopathy.

PMID- 4047607
TI  - Does topical phenylephrine, tropicamide, or proparacaine affect macular blood
      flow?
AB  - The acute effect of topical phenylephrine HCl 10%, tropicamide 1% and
      proparacaine HCl 0.5% on macular capillary blood flow was studied in six healthy
      human volunteers using the blue field simulation technique. This technique
      provides a method for quantifying the velocity of leukocytes flowing in one's own
      retinal macular capillaries. Patients adjusted the velocity of computer simulated
      leukocytes moving on a CRT screen to match that of their own entoptically
      perceived leukocytes before instillation of each of the tested preparations and
      for 35 minutes immediately thereafter A 5% NaCl solution was used as a control.
      We found no significant difference in leukocyte velocity between the control drop
      and any of the tested drugs. With the six subjects tested, the calculated average
      minimum percentage change in leukocyte velocity detectable with this technique (P
      less than 0.05, paired t-test) was 9%. None of the tested drugs affected macular
      leukocyte velocity, and presumably blood flow, by more than this amount.

PMID- 4047608
TI  - Dominantly inherited retinitis pigmentosa. Ultrastructure and biochemical
      analysis.
AB  - A 66-year-old white man had dominant retinitis pigmentosa. He developed
      progressive restriction of his visual field, night blindness, pallor of the optic
      discs, pigmentary retinopathy and posterior subcapsular cataracts. Postmortem
      examination of the eyes included electron microscopy and biochemical analysis of
      cyclic nucleotides and interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP). Except
      for the fovea and periphery, the retina showed extensive gliosis and neuronal
      loss with loss of photoreceptor cells. The choriocapillaris was variably occluded
      in the regions of absent retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In places, the pigment
      epithelium invaded the retina to the level of the internal limiting membrane.
      Biochemical analysis revealed that the interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding
      protein (IRBP), an important glycoprotein of the interphotoreceptor space, was
      virtually absent even in retinal areas where photoreceptor cells were still
      present. Cyclic nucleotide determinations indicated a decrease in the cyclic GMP
      concentration that reflected the general loss of photoreceptor elements. On the
      other hand the cyclic AMP levels in all retinal areas tested were abnormally
      elevated, indicating the possible involvement of this nucleotide in the
      pathogenesis of the disease.

PMID- 4047609
TI  - Intraocular lens data.

PMID- 4047610
TI  - Automatic infrared refractors--1985.

PMID- 4047611
TI  - Photographic slit-lamp biomicroscopes.

PMID- 4047612
TI  - A new contact glass for slit-lamp examination of the cornea, especially in
      specular reflection.
AB  - A new contact glass of 2.2X magnification for the examination of the cornea is
      described. With it, all three types of illumination provided by the slit lamp can
      be used to advantage: specular reflection, optical section, and indirect light. A
      precorneal chamber filled with liquid abolishes the surface reflex of the tear
      film, and a built-in orange filter suppresses most of the light scattered by the
      corneal stroma. In specular examination the necessity for a large angle between
      the illumination and observation beams no longer exists, so that quite small
      angles can be used. Since at the same time such a glass considerably widens the
      usable field, epi- and endothelioscopy are greatly facilitated. Handling of the
      glass is as easy as in routine biomicroscopy. It is shown that a contact glass of
      power M increases the resolution in depth by a factor of M2. Image distortion
      introduced by the glass is measured and found to be tolerable within the area of
      photographic records usable for cell density determinations. Some modifications
      made on the Nikon FS-2 photo slit lamp in order to improve its suitability for
      endotheliography are described. Clinical application of the method is documented
      by several examples.

PMID- 4047613
TI  - New compound curved needle TG6-C PLUS.
AB  - The benefits of a compound curve needle design will be seen readily when used as
      suggested. The surgeon will be able to position the needle repeatedly and
      accurately between the wound edges from needle entry through tissue, to exit to
      the opposite side of the wound. Continuous or interrupted corneal wound closure
      can be done consecutively without varying more than a few tenths of a millimeter
      in the positioning of the needle from bite to bite. During retrieval the compound
      curve needle has yet another advantage. The flat curve of the distal needle body
      minimizes the tissue distortion as the needle body is pulled through. The wound
      remains in close apposition. In wound closure, though an important and essential
      attribute of a surgical needle is its "sharpness", sharpness eventually reaches a
      maximum. The very sharp needles such as the new EthiconTM TG PLUS needles, have
      such little tactile feedback that shape and needle strength as exemplified by the
      compound curvature design become of primary importance. These combinations
      provide the consistent and accurate needle passage necessary for corneal wound
      apposition, with all of its optical as well as anatomic consequences, in the
      final outcome of contemporary keratoplasty and cataract procedures.

PMID- 4047614
TI  - American Academy of Ophthalmology continuing education programs and services.

PMID- 4047615
TI  - Enrichment of a fraction toxic to guinea-pigs from Pachystigma pygmaeum (Schltr.)
      Robyns.
AB  - Pachystigma pygmaeum is one of several species of rubiaceous plants which cause
      delayed heart failure among ruminants after their ingestion at relatively high
      doses. Using guinea-pigs for toxicity determinations, we were able to separate
      and enrich a toxic fraction from a fermentation extract of the plant material by
      countercurrent distribution. It contained virtually no potassium salts, passed
      through a 500 dalton selective membrane, exhibited lability under acid conditions
      and was toxic at 1 g/kg per os, with a delayed response of 3-4 days.

PMID- 4047616
TI  - Mycoplasmas recovered from bovine genitalia, aborted foetuses and placentas in
      the Republic of South Africa.
AB  - A total of 917 Mycoplasma isolations were made from 4 092 specimens originating
      from 2 874 cattle in private herds and at AI stations. The percentages of
      isolations from the different sources were: cervico-vaginal mucus 14,6%, semen
      43%, preputial wash 25%, foetuses 3,3% and placentas 15%. Mycoplasma
      bovigenitalium, the most common isolate, was recovered from 39% of males, 47% of
      females, 25% of foetuses and 11% of placentas. A wide spectrum of mycoplasmas was
      present, and varying combinations were common. The possible pathogenic
      significance of the isolates is discussed.

PMID- 4047617
TI  - The morphology of a sensory receptor in the nippled tubercles of Schistosoma
      mattheei.
AB  - During scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the tegument of Schistosoma
      mattheei, a structure was observed within the nippled tubercles. It is postulated
      that it is a sensory receptor with a tactile function.

PMID- 4047618
TI  - Investigation into the participation of male pheromones of Rhipicephalus evertsi
      evertsi during infestation.
AB  - It was shown in this study that Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi males emit
      pheromones in the preparasitic as well as in the parasitic phases. Conspecific
      unengorged male and female images exhibited a high response to water-soluble
      volatiles collected from unengorged males. A vigorous assembly of unfed female R.
      evertsi evertsi occurred on filter paper discs which had been in contact with
      either unfed or 5- and 9-day fed males. Progressively increasing percentages of
      conspecific unengorged males reacted to organic soluble volatiles obtained from 5
      and 9-day fed males as well as to hexane washings of intact males which had fed
      for 9 days. It is concluded that R. evertsi evertsi males participate not only as
      pheromone receptive, but also as pheromone emitting, partners in the
      intraspecific communication of this tick species.

PMID- 4047619
TI  - The pathology of heartwater. I. A study of mice infected with the Welgevonden
      strain of Cowdria ruminantium.
AB  - Gross and microscopical lesions in mice intravenously infected with the
      Welgevonden strain of Cowdria ruminantium closely resembled the lesions described
      in cattle, sheep and goats. A high concentration of organisms was present in
      alveolar endothelial cells. Cytopathic changes in parasitized and non-parasitized
      endothelial cells and the morphology of the organisms are described and compared
      with the Ball3 strain of C. ruminantium. Possible mechanisms in the development
      of the lung oedema are considered and the role of mice as animal model is
      discussed.

PMID- 4047620
TI  - The pathology of heartwater. II. A study of the lung lesions in sheep and goats
      infected with the Ball3 strain of Cowdria ruminantium.
AB  - Lung lesions in sheep and goats infected with the Ball3 strain of Cowdria
      ruminantium corresponded with those reported in mice infected with the
      Welgevonden strain of Cowdria ruminantium. Ultrastructural changes in the
      alveolar endothelial and epithelial cells are described and the pathogenesis of
      the lung oedema is briefly discussed.

PMID- 4047621
TI  - A suspected lipofuscin storage disease of sheep associated with ingestion of the
      plant, Trachyandra divaricata (Jacq.) Kunth.
AB  - Paresis afflicted 85 out of a flock of 770 young Merino ewes kept on old wheat
      lands in the western Cape during a period of drought. Many of the paretic ewes
      died. The vegetation was sparse and was dominated by Trachyandra divaricata. At
      necropsy, yellowish-brown discoloration of the grey matter throughout the brain
      and spinal cord and mild brown discoloration of the liver, renal cortex and lymph
      nodes were consistently seen. Light microscopical examination revealed abundant,
      yellowish-brown pigment granules in the cytoplasm of most of the larger neurons.
      Similar pigment also occurred in some non-nervous tissues. Shrinkage and loss of
      a few randomly scattered axons were observed in the white matter of the spinal
      cord in 2 sheep. Histochemical and ultrastructural features of the pigment were
      consistent with those of lipofuscin. T. divaricata failed to reproduce the
      condition when dosed to a sheep, but the paresis and pigmentation shown to be
      caused by the closely related plant, T. laxa, are strikingly similar. Trachyandra
      poisoning appears to be the first documented example in farm animals of an
      acquired lipofuscin storage disease involving nervous and non-nervous tissues for
      which a specific plant has been causally implicated.

PMID- 4047623
TI  - Microvasculature of the stria vascularis in the round window area in the rat. A
      scanning electron microscopy study.
AB  - This paper reports the results of a scanning electron microscopy study of
      corrosion cast preparation of the vessels in the cochlea of the rat. This method
      confirms the general findings about the cochlear vascularization, but also gives
      the opportunity to study the detailed pattern of the vascular supply of the stria
      vascularis in the round window area. The basal end of the stria vascularis has a
      remarkably different vascular anatomy compared with the other areas of the
      cochlea. The possible role of the vessels in the round area is discussed.

PMID- 4047622
TI  - An experimental mycotoxicosis in sheep and goats caused by Drechslera
      campanulata, a fungal pathogen of green oats.
AB  - Field outbreaks of a syndrome of unknown aetiology associated with the grazing of
      green oats (Avena sativa) in the south-western Cape Province were characterized
      by diarrhoea, photosensitivity and death in goats and by diarrhoea and a
      reduction in milk production in cows. A phytopathogenic fungus, Drechslera
      campanulata, was isolated from conspicuous reddish-brown leaf spots on oat plants
      collected from both outbreaks. Pure cultures on autoclaved maize of D.
      campanulata isolates from oat leaves implicated in both field outbreaks, as well
      as a Canadian isolate, proved to be highly toxic to ducklings, goats and sheep.
      Characteristic clinical signs of the fatal mycotoxicosis caused by D. campanulata
      culture material in goats and sheep were anorexia, apathy, diarrhoea and ruminal
      stasis. Photosensitivity, however, was not induced. Necrosis of the forestomach
      mucosa was the most characteristic gross pathological change. Histopathological
      findings included mild focal erosions to severe, diffuse, coagulative necrosis of
      the mucosa in the rumen, reticulum and omasum and congestion and haemorrhages in
      the abomasum. These results provide circumstantial evidence that green oat leaves
      infected by D. campanulata may cause outbreaks of a mycotoxicosis in grazing
      animals.

PMID- 4047624
TI  - Reduction of cisplatin ototoxicity by fosfomycin in animal model.
AB  - The protective effect of fosfomycin against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity was
      studied in rats. Sixty-four Fischer rats were injected intravenously with daily
      doses of 1, 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg of cisplatin with or without 300 mg/kg of
      fosfomycin for a varying period from 1 to 10 days. The total dose of 10 mg/kg of
      cisplatin was given equally in all animals. Inner ear damage appeared to be more
      reduced histopathologically in animals given both cisplatin and fosfomycin than
      in animals given cisplatin alone. Similarly, renal damage appeared to be reduced
      histopathologically and functionally by the combined administration of cisplatin
      and fosfomycin.

PMID- 4047625
TI  - Statoconia displacement in squirrel monkey ears.
AB  - When findings in squirrel monkey temporal bones after streptomycin sulfate
      intoxication were compared with those after application of intense linear
      acceleration, the dislocated utricular statoconia were more frequently found
      around the cupula of the crista ampullaris posterior in the latter group, whereas
      statoconia were rather widely disseminated within three semicircular canals
      (cupula, ampulla, and duct) after streptomycin intoxication. This difference is
      most probably due to the fact that, in the linear acceleration group, normal
      statoconia were instantaneously dislodged in a block (or forming a large-sized
      mass) and thereafter moved in the gravity direction, whereas in the streptomycin
      group, degenerated statoconia formed smaller groups and were more freely
      disseminated. In the endolymphatic sac, dislocated statoconia were readily
      phagocytosed by the epithelium of the intermediate portion and rugous portion
      (and transitory portion). The incidence of phagocytosis was found more in the
      streptomycin group, compared to the linear acceleration group.

PMID- 4047626
TI  - Diagnostic value of velocity-step responses.
AB  - For the nystagmic (after-)response in each direction it was evaluated in 618
      patients whether the gain (initial velocity) and the time constant were normal,
      significantly low or high, thus constituting a specific 'response pattern'. In a
      number of diagnostic categories, 65% of the response patterns were 'typical',
      i.e., they were found in significantly high frequency. Symmetrical response
      patterns were predominant. Short time constant(s) and/or low gain values in
      either or both directions were found in labyrinthine defects. High gain values
      were found in otosclerosis after footplate surgery, in multiple sclerosis,
      hyperventilation syndrome, posterior fossa tumour and spasmodic torticollis. In
      those categories, except otosclerosis and posterior fossa tumour, also
      significantly high values of the time constant were found, as well as in the
      category of patients with exposed tympanic cavity and dizziness. A significant
      directional preponderance indicating the defective side was found for the low
      frequency gain (i.e., the product of initial velocity and time constant) in 48%
      of the patients with unilateral canal paralysis. It is concluded that the
      velocity-step test is a powerful diagnostic tool in vestibular examination.

PMID- 4047627
TI  - The nasal local antibody production of rats against respiratory infections.
AB  - For better understanding the nasal defense mechanism against infection, an
      experiment on bacterial inhalation was performed using rats with and without
      artificial nasal obstructions. Local antibodies in the nasal cavity may exert a
      wide defensive influence on inhaled pathogens. Their production can be affected
      by nasal obstruction.

PMID- 4047628
TI  - Nasal fractures in children--long-term results.
AB  - An open reduction of nasal fractures in children is more burdensome for the
      patient, and for the department, than a closed reduction. We therefore made a
      follow-up examination of 79 patients, undergoing closed reduction of nasal
      fractures during the period from 1966 through 1975. Mean observation time was 11
      years. A control group of 82 subjects was similarly examined. Among the patients,
      52% had deformities of the external nose, compared with 22% in the control group 
      only 7 (9%) of the patients had severe deformities. Septal deviation occurred in
      38% of the patients and 40% of the controls. A total of 6 patients in the
      fracture group were admitted for reoperation; none were readmitted from the
      control group. We conclude that the results of closed reduction are satisfactory,
      and that the results of larger, controlled studies must be awaited before the
      present treatment method is changed.

PMID- 4047629
TI  - Adverse reaction to locally applied preservatives in nose drops.
AB  - A 33-year-old woman with documented hypersensitivity to acetylsalicylic acid
      (ASA) and preservatives, causing bronchial asthma and rhinitis when ingested, was
      investigated because of 'allergy to nose drops'. It was found that she had a
      serious local reaction caused by the preservative used in the nose drops
      prescribed. This reaction might occur more commonly than realized, since
      sensitivity towards ASA is fairly common in the general population.

PMID- 4047630
TI  - [A simple diagnostic protocol for the diagnosis of diseases of the small
      intestine in childhood].

PMID- 4047631
TI  - [Congenital developmental anomalies in the offspring of epileptic mothers].

PMID- 4047632
TI  - [The clonidine suppression test in pheochromocytoma].

PMID- 4047633
TI  - [Patient cooperation in schizophrenics under drug therapy].

PMID- 4047634
TI  - [Lipid storage myopathy].

PMID- 4047635
TI  - [Report of a study trip to West Berlin].

PMID- 4047636
TI  - [Neonatal and post-neonatal mortality and neonatal intensive care].

PMID- 4047637
TI  - [Proteinuria in diabetics].

PMID- 4047638
TI  - [The latissimus dorsi muscle flap: a new possibility for use in restorative
      surgery of the head and neck].

PMID- 4047639
TI  - [Hyperthyroidism as a side effect of amiodarone therapy].

PMID- 4047640
TI  - [Acro-renal syndrome].

PMID- 4047641
TI  - [Secondary malignant tumor associated with melanoma].

PMID- 4047642
TI  - [Significance of umbilical vein blood in neonatal care].

PMID- 4047643
TI  - [Seminoma metastasis in the stomach].

PMID- 4047644
TI  - [Reconstruction of a penetrating chin defect, after radical surgery, using a
      "gemini" flap from the pectoralis major muscle].

PMID- 4047645
TI  - [Caries-preventing action of xylitol-containing sweets, studied in children's
      institutions].

PMID- 4047646
TI  - [Isolated perforations and ruptures of the small intestine in the free abdominal
      cavity].

PMID- 4047647
TI  - [Abdominal calcifications in infancy and childhood].

PMID- 4047648
TI  - [Cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis imported by Hungarian citizens].

PMID- 4047649
TI  - [Incidence of Acanthamoeba castellanii meningoencephalitis in Hungary].

PMID- 4047650
TI  - [Questions concerning the preservation of the life of very low birth weight
      neonates].

PMID- 4047651
TI  - Infra-red autorefractors--here to stay?

PMID- 4047652
TI  - Planning a bacteriology project: a tutorial.
AB  - This tutorial paper reviews the action that should be taken at the planning stage
      of a bacteriological research project to ensure that the final results will have
      maximal value. Particular consideration is given to the problems of environmental
      sampling, patient involvement and testing for disinfection and chemotherapy.

PMID- 4047653
TI  - Accommodation for flickering stimuli.
AB  - A laser optometer was used to measure accommodative responses of three observers
      for sinusoidal gratings presented in Maxwellian view at optical distances ranging
      from 0 to 4 diopters. Contrast of the stimuli was modulated spatially at 1.0, 4.2
      and 6.5 cycles deg.-1 (cpd), and temporally at six frequencies ranging from 3.0
      to 40 Hz. Accommodation was consistently more accurate for the 4.2 cpd than for
      either the 1.0 or 6.5 cpd gratings. Furthermore, accommodative responsiveness for
      the 4.2 cpd was not affected by temporal modulation, while that for the other
      spatial frequencies improved monotonically as a function of temporal frequency.
      These results reinforce earlier reports that accommodation is most responsive for
      contrast of intermediate spatial frequencies and they indicate that stimulus
      flicker generally degrades accommodation for spatial contrast.

PMID- 4047654
TI  - Variation of astigmatism with accommodation and its relationship with dark focus.
AB  - The refraction of 122 eyes was measured for five distances of fixation with an
      objective Canon Auto Refractor. The cylindrical component was found to vary, but
      by a small amount. We found no evidence of a deliberate reduction in astigmatism
      with accommodation, in accord with other studies. The axis was also found to vary
      by at least 5 degrees in about half of the subjects tested, which is also in good
      accord with other investigations. The dark focus of 31 eyes was not found to
      correlate with a minimum astigmatic distance, since this only occurred in 11 out
      of the 31 eyes. For these 11 eyes, the correlation of dark focus and the dioptric
      distance where astigmatism was minimum was equal to + 0.54. It implied that for
      those eyes (about one-third of all types) there was a tendency to yield the best
      optical quality at the dark focus.

PMID- 4047655
TI  - Vergence eye-movement responses to whole-body linear acceleration stimuli in man.
AB  - Eight human subjects were exposed to periodic linear acceleration stimuli of +/-
      1.0 ms-2 at 0.2 Hz and +/- 2.5 ms-2 at 0.3, 0.45 and 0.67 Hz, whilst lying in the
      supine position on a large-stroke vertical vibration platform. Eye movements were
      recorded by an infrared corneal reflection technique. In conditions of total
      darkness, with no visual stimulation, all subjects exhibited eye-movement
      responses composed of both conjugate and vergence components. Subsequent computer
      analysis of the vergence eye-movement responses showed that they were periodic
      and related to subject displacement. In a second experimental condition, a platen
      fixed LED matrix fixation target was illuminated 0.91 m vertically above the
      subject. It was found that fixation upon this target did not abolish the vergence
      eye-movement response, although it was suppressed by approximately 50%.

PMID- 4047657
TI  - Transformation of sphero-cylinders. II. Mean, variance and standard deviation.

PMID- 4047656
TI  - Transformation of sphero-cylinders. I. Ranking procedure.
AB  - Parametric statistical analysis requires a rule by which the variates are
      quantitatively ranked. In this study an isomorphic transformation of sphero
      cylinders is developed and two alternative ranking hierarchies for the sphero
      cylinder are proposed.

PMID- 4047658
TI  - Conjunctival cytology in hard and soft contact lens wear.
AB  - The conjunctival cytological profiles of asymptomatic healthy contact lens
      wearers are described. An impression biopsy technique (5 h after insertion of
      contact lenses) was used. Significantly higher cell counts (neutrophils and
      lymphocytes) were found amongst the soft lens wearers', biopsies compared to hard
      lens wearers' biopsies or control subjects' biopsies. It is postulated that
      conjunctival cytological examination may reveal early, subclinical, cytotoxic
      effects attributable to the preservatives and chelating agents in soft contact
      lens care systems.

PMID- 4047659
TI  - Some notes on the construction of "zonal aspheric" aphakic spectacle lenses.
AB  - Smith and Atchison (1983) give an optical model of a "zonal aspheric" aphakic
      lens, but note that lenses mass-produced to this design philosophy do not show
      similar optical properties to the model. This paper offers an explanation for
      this discrepancy, supported by lens measurements.

PMID- 4047661
TI  - Symposium on squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

PMID- 4047660
TI  - The increase in convergence inadequacy with age.

PMID- 4047662
TI  - Epithelium and neoplasms of epithelial origin. A perspective for the surgeon.
AB  - Understanding the language which pertains to the description of neoplasms of
      epithelial origin carries the prerequisite of being conversant with the
      definition of epithelium. Clinicians and surgeons must be able to speak
      intelligently and correctly understand the ingredients which constitute the idiom
      and its requirements.

PMID- 4047663
TI  - Staging system by sites. Problems and refinements.
AB  - Staging by sites has been met with varying degrees of acceptance by the medical
      community. Only painstaking application of these guidelines will provide the
      necessary information for revision of the present system.

PMID- 4047664
TI  - Work-up and treatment planning for head and neck cancer. A multi-modality
      approach.
AB  - The work-up of any patient with cancer in the head and neck area reveals that
      each is unique. Treatment planning must respect this. A "team" that embodies the
      attributes of such a group is necessary to uncover the multitude of facts, to
      formulate a plan of management, and to carry out treatment successfully.

PMID- 4047665
TI  - Prognostic variables in head and neck cancer. Tumor site, stage, nodal status,
      differentiation, and immune status.
AB  - Currently the best prognostic indicator of cancer response is that of staging by
      the American Joint Commission Staging System. This system is most helpful in
      state I and in stage IV patients as a prognosticator. Caution must be exercised
      in oral cavity stage I cancers which tend to be more threatening and where
      further staging techniques should be used. The major need for careful prognostic
      indicators beyond simple staging is clearly evident in the stage II and stage III
      group. In this group, the histologic criteria of Jakobsson, the nuclear criteria
      suggested by Holm, and the immunologic staging parameters discussed here will
      hopefully better predict survival, and more importantly, guide therapy. Finally,
      the role of induction chemotherapy as a prognostic indicator itself has great
      potential and is currently being heavily investigated.

PMID- 4047666
TI  - Carcinoma of the oral cavity. Selective management according to site and stage.
AB  - The treatment philosophy of carcinoma of the oral cavity is explained. Specific
      guidelines for therapy of various head and neck sites are offered as a rational
      approach to formulation of individual treatment programs.

PMID- 4047667
TI  - Cancer of the oropharynx.
AB  - Cancer of the oropharynx is an extremely lethal cancer associated with poor
      prognosis in its advanced stage. Therapeutic options are presented and discussed
      along with the factors that may influence the prognosis.

PMID- 4047668
TI  - Treatment of cancer of the larynx. Analysis of success and failure.
AB  - The treatment of patients with cancer of the larynx must consider the potential
      for multiple sites of origin and the possibility of regional metastasis.
      Treatment options must also address effects on the voice, deglutition, and the
      sphincteric function of the larynx which protects the lungs. Fortunately, our
      advanced techniques in surgery--reconstruction, radiotherapy, and endoscopic
      laser application--enable us to choose from and use these modalities in
      combination. Induction chemotherapy appears to be a promising, albeit unproved,
      adjuvant therapy. The oncologist dealing with cancer of the head and neck must
      select appropriate individualized therapy in a multidisciplinary environment.

PMID- 4047669
TI  - Hypopharyngeal carcinoma.
AB  - Early hypopharyngeal carcinoma is a rare but difficult problem to handle. Early
      metastases, local recurrences, and mediastinal extension are the most common
      causes of failure. Radical surgery, preserving as much function as possible, and
      aggressive postoperative radiation are the hallmarks of management.

PMID- 4047670
TI  - Nasal and paranasal malignancies. Carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses.
AB  - Carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses is an insidious and relentless disease with a
      notoriously poor prognosis. Our diagnostic approach and treatment philosophy are
      outlined. The more recent results are also presented.

PMID- 4047671
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Selective management according to
      site and stage--skin.
AB  - Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is a more aggressive tumor than basal cell
      carcinoma. It can be associated with extension far from the site of origin and
      lymph node metastasis. Its etiology is similar to that of basal cell carcinoma.
      Treatment for the aggressive and uncontrollable tumor seems best accomplished
      with a combination of conventional surgery with total microscopic marginal
      control.

PMID- 4047672
TI  - Radiotherapy for cancer of the head and neck.
AB  - Achievements in radiotherapy of head and neck cancer continue. During the past
      decade, bench marks have been established for certain early staged malignancies.
      Technical advances have occurred in higher energy accelerators with the
      development of dual photon and medium-range electron machines. Imaging technology
      has augmented precision tumor localization and staging, and its marriage to
      computerized treatment planning is leading the way toward an optimization of
      delivered radiation dose to the tumor volume. Neutron therapy is finding a
      definite place in moderately advanced head and neck cancers, and its wider use
      awaits further developments in compact neutron generators. Hyperthermia combined
      with photon radiation is undergoing serious clinical trials, and this combination
      appears to be most promising. The search for radiation sensitizers to enhance
      tumor destruction and for radioprotectors for normal tissue continues. Progress
      in the latter appears encouraging. Burgeoning radiobiologic data have led the way
      to several dose fractionation schemes, and the most promising clinically appears
      to be hyperfractionation. Combinations of surgery and radiotherapy have improved
      cure rates in moderately advanced malignancies, but a preference between
      preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy in specific sites is still
      controversial. The medical oncologist has become a valued member of the
      interdisciplinary team rather than remaining solely the recipient of failed
      radiotherapeutic and surgical patients. There is a keener awareness of the
      difficulties and intricacies involved in the construction and evaluation of
      clinical trials and results.

PMID- 4047673
TI  - Chemotherapy of head and neck cancer.
AB  - Squamous cell cancer of the head and neck accounts for five per cent of cases of
      cancer in the United States. Both the poor overall survival in cancer treated by
      surgery and radiation and the severe deformities associated with treatment have
      led to the investigation of adjuvant induction chemotherapy for high-risk
      patients. This article reviews the role of chemotherapy in the care of these
      patients.

PMID- 4047674
TI  - Chemoprevention of head and neck cancer. Potential use of retinoids.
AB  - Research on retinoid treatment of neoplastic lesions will ultimately determine
      the long-term effect of these substances on cancer development. However, until
      specific indications are firmly established through clinical trials, retinoid
      compounds cannot be routinely recommended.

PMID- 4047675
TI  - Reconstructive techniques after ablative head and neck surgery.
AB  - This article describes the reconstructive alternatives available to the head and
      neck surgeon today. Myocutaneous flaps, osteomyocutaneous flaps, and free flaps
      for reconstruction in the head and neck are detailed. Complications attendant to
      the use of these flaps are reported and cataloged.

PMID- 4047676
TI  - Vocal rehabilitation after laryngectomy.
AB  - The evolution of treatment of laryngeal cancer has passed a number of milestones.
      The maintenance of useful communication is of paramount importance in all cases
      and, with the newer modalities of tracheoesophageal phonation and voice
      prostheses, the quality of life after laryngectomy is clearly improved. Future
      advances may restore continuity of the upper respiratory tract with resumption of
      normal nasal function, humidification of the lower respiratory tract, and
      elimination of the permanent tracheostoma.

PMID- 4047677
TI  - Management of recurrent head and neck cancer.
AB  - The management of recurrent head and neck malignancy can be one of the most
      frustrating experiences faced by the head and neck surgeon. A recent study
      indicates that twice the number of patients succumb to distant metastasis from
      primary tumors than did 20 years ago. This article discusses the operative
      management of these patients and the role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in
      their treatment.

PMID- 4047678
TI  - [Status of the upper respiratory tract and the organs of hearing and equilibrium
      in students of mining schools of the Lublin Coal Mining Region. I].

PMID- 4047679
TI  - [Status of the upper respiratory tract and the dynamics of changes in the organs
      of hearing in miners of the Lublin Coal Mining Region. II].

PMID- 4047680
TI  - [Morphological changes in respiratory epithelium after exposure to textile dust].

PMID- 4047681
TI  - [Treatment of ozena by the transplantation of autologous rib cartilages].

PMID- 4047683
TI  - [Fluctuant perceptive hearing loss].

PMID- 4047682
TI  - [Hermetic internal dressing after tympanoplasty].

PMID- 4047684
TI  - [Genetically determined deafness in adults].

PMID- 4047685
TI  - [Correlations between hearing level and the state of sound-conducting acoustic
      structures of the ear].

PMID- 4047686
TI  - [A case of plexiform neurofibroma of the face].

PMID- 4047687
TI  - [Transverse lesion of the spinal cord after treatment of laryngeal cancer].

PMID- 4047688
TI  - [An unusual case of a foreign body of the frontal sinuses].

PMID- 4047689
TI  - [Developmental defects of frontal sinuses simulating a tumor of the frontal
      region].

PMID- 4047690
TI  - Staff plays role in marketing practice.

PMID- 4047691
TI  - Drugs, computers, and physicians.

PMID- 4047692
TI  - Eleven bills on health costs due House action.

PMID- 4047693
TI  - Roller injury to the upper extremity.

PMID- 4047694
TI  - 'Tax simplification': effect on investment plans.

PMID- 4047695
TI  - Clinical patterns of chronic infantile diarrhoea in Indonesia.

PMID- 4047696
TI  - Determinants of chronic diarrhea in infants in Manado.

PMID- 4047697
TI  - A study of breastfeeding practices in some population in north Sumatra,
      Indonesia.

PMID- 4047698
TI  - The behavioral management of chronic pain: a response to critics.
AB  - Common criticisms of behavioral treatment programs for chronic pain are
      summarized. Some criticisms are based on conceptual misunderstandings; therefore,
      basic concepts and goals of behavioral programs are presented. Other criticisms
      question the effectiveness of these programs; therefore, the role of social
      reinforcers in maintaining or reducing pain behaviors is reviewed. The failure to
      isolate specific treatment variables is alleged; this is acknowledged, along with
      the practical and ethical questions making this virtually impossible. Finally we
      describe the need to change the thinking about 'pain' from the pathological or
      disease model, appropriate to acute pain, to a learning model when discussing the
      excess disability and suffering of chronic pain patients.

PMID- 4047699
TI  - Corticosteroids suppress ectopic neural discharge originating in experimental
      neuromas.
AB  - Some injured sensory fibers ending in an experimental neuroma in the rat sciatic
      nerve discharge spontaneously. Furthermore, many become sensitive to a range of
      physical and chemical stimuli. The resulting afferent barrage is thought to
      contribute to paresthesias and pain associated with peripheral nerve injury. We
      report that the development of such ectopic neuroma discharge is largely
      prevented when the freshly cut nerve end is treated with any of 3 commercially
      available corticosteroid preparations including two in depot form, triamcinolone
      hexacetonide (Lederspan) and triamcinolone diacetate (Ledercort), and one in
      soluble form, dexamethasone (Dexacort). These corticosteroids also produce a
      rapid and prolonged suppression of ongoing discharge in chronic neuromas that
      have already become active. The kinetics of corticosteroid suppression of neuroma
      discharge suggest a direct membrane action rather than an anti-inflammatory
      action.

PMID- 4047700
TI  - Electrical stimulation in the measurement of cutaneous sensibility.
AB  - A portable constant current electrical stimulator with bipolar felt disk
      electrodes was developed for quantitative assessment of cutaneous sensibility.
      The new method was used in the measurement of thresholds for perception and pain
      in healthy volunteers. The mean values of the threshold for perception in
      different areas of the body varied between 1.0 and 2.0 mA (S.D. +/- 0.2-0.6 mA)
      and those of the threshold for pain between 2.5 and 4.3 mA (S.D. +/- 0.5-1.7 mA).
      There was no difference between the left and the right side. The interindividual
      range of the perception threshold varied from 0.4 to 3.0 mA and that of the pain
      threshold from 1.2 to 6.0 mA. Within a limited area of the body the
      reproducibility of the measurements was high both for the thresholds for
      perception and for pain. Anterolateral cordotomy caused a marked rise in the
      threshold for pain in the analgesic area of the body, whereas the threshold for
      perception did not change. It is hypothesized that the threshold for perception
      reflects an activation of A beta fibers and the threshold for pain an activation
      of A delta fibers. The new method is considered to be valuable in clinical
      neurology and neurosurgery.

PMID- 4047701
TI  - Pain-related electrical potentials of the human nasal mucosa elicited by chemical
      stimulation.
AB  - For the first time a non-invasive method was employed to record pain-related
      electrical potentials from the human respiratory nasal mucosa. Gaseous stimulants
      at painful concentrations were presented by the newly developed stimulating
      device. The amplitudes of the potentials were found correlated (a) with
      concentrations of the stimulants, and (b) with subjective estimations of pain
      intensity. The local anesthetic tetracaine hydrochloride, and also a systemically
      administered analgesic drug pentazocine given prior to painful stimulation
      decreased the amplitude of the negative potentials. The peripheral response was
      interpreted as a summated receptor potential from chemical nociceptors. It is
      thought to be analogous to the electro-olfactogram. This non-invasive technique
      of stimulation and recording offers an objective and quantitative measure related
      to pain sensations and their inhibition by analgesic drugs.

PMID- 4047702
TI  - A modified cold stimulation technique for the evaluation of analgesic activity in
      human volunteers.
AB  - This report describes the effects of a modified cold pressure technique (MCP) on
      the dominant hand of 6 healthy right-handed volunteers, after single p.o. doses
      of codeine (60 mg), aspirin (1 g) and placebo in a cross-over, double-blind
      design. The method employed 9 serial tests on each study day, involving 5
      consecutive 2 min periods of hand immersion in an equilibrating bath at constant
      temperature (37 degrees C), followed by a stimulating bath (0 degree C +/- 0.5)
      containing 15% ethylene glycol. For better control of peripheral circulatory
      temperature changes, a blood pressure cuff was inflated to 20 mm Hg below
      diastolic BP on the right upper arm, thereby preventing venous return from the
      lower arm during MCP stimulation. Although the test population was relatively
      small, the results showed a difference between aspirin, codeine and placebo.
      Codeine was statistically different from placebo (P less than 0.05). It is
      concluded that this modified technique offers a stable and sensitive method for
      the early assessment of analgesic activity.

PMID- 4047704
TI  - A philological study on some words concerning pain.

PMID- 4047703
TI  - Representation of the thoracic outlet syndrome as a problem in chronic pain and
      psychiatric management.
AB  - The diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome depends upon subjective complaints and
      sometimes rather limited physical findings. There is a tendency to favour other
      non-specific diagnoses, like 'soft tissue damage' or to suspect neurosis,
      particularly in patients who have had motor vehicle or other injuries for which
      they claim compensation. We report here 3 patients in whom the diagnosis of
      thoracic outlet syndrome was overlooked and who responded to surgical treatment
      with good or excellent results.

PMID- 4047705
TI  - Surgical patients' expectations of pain and discomfort: does accuracy of
      expectations minimise post-surgical pain and distress?
AB  - The predictive relationship of expectancies of pain and symptoms to the
      experience of postoperative pain, symptoms and distress are examined in two
      studies of adult patients undergoing minor gynaecological surgery. The first
      hypothesis is based on the clinical wisdom that patients who expect pain to occur
      will report greater pain intensity than patients who do not hold these
      expectancies. That is, pain and symptom expectation and experience are positively
      associated. A second hypothesis based on a cognitive information processing model
      suggests that the greater the discrepancy between expected and actual pain the
      greater the experience of postoperative distress. A third hypothesis suggests
      that the direction of the discrepancy is important such that those patients who
      expect pain to be more intense than it is in actuality will report being least
      distressed. Data are presented which partially support all 3 hypotheses. A
      critical test between the second and third hypotheses did not provide support for
      either hypothesis. The positive correlations between expected and reported pain
      and emotional variables suggest that the manipulation of patients' emotional
      responses may be as effective as manipulating pain expectancies in controlling
      the pain and distress of surgery. This is supported by the finding that patients
      who receive accurate preparatory information about their surgery, in comparison
      to those who had no additional information, reported lower pain intensity but did
      not differ on expected pain intensity before the operation. However, the
      experimental manipulation was associated with reduced pain and emotional
      responses after surgery. The implications for the design of preparatory
      psychological interventions to reduce the pain and distress of surgery are
      discussed.

PMID- 4047706
TI  - Hemispheric specialization and the perception of pain: a task-related EEG power
      spectrum analysis in chronic pain patients.
AB  - At EEG power spectrum analysis, chronic pain patients showed less alpha asymmetry
      than normal subjects during resting conditions, independently of the aetiology of
      pain. This 'quasi-symmetry' remained substantially unchanged across discrete task
      conditions differently from normal subjects showing left hemisphere activation
      during verbal-mathematic tasks and right hemisphere activation during visuo
      spatial tasks. When descriptive diagnosis was considered as related to alpha
      asymmetry, significant differences were found between 'somatogenic' and
      'psychogenic' pain patients. Specifically, somatogenic pain patients conformed to
      normal subjects, whereas psychogenic pain patients exhibited a trend towards a
      reduced left hemisphere dominance or a relative right hemisphere activation
      during both experimental conditions. These EEG findings seem congruent with a
      more frequent lateralization of psychogenic pain on the left side of the body.

PMID- 4047708
TI  - Semantics of pain in Italy: the Italian version of the McGill Pain Questionnaire.
AB  - The Italian version of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) is presented. Unlike
      Melzack's version, it was developed by employing 3 groups of normal subjects,
      excluding physicians or patients suffering from chronic pain. The verbal scale of
      pain intensity was obtained by 78 descriptors which form the semantic key and
      their rank values within each subclass were thus obtained. Melzack's subdivision
      of the descriptors into classes and subclasses was respected. Procedure was also
      basically the same. The Italian version of the MPQ joins the English, French and
      Finnish ones and might provide the basis for future cross-cultural studies.

PMID- 4047707
TI  - Efficacy and quality of ibuprofen and acetaminophen plus codeine analgesia.
AB  - Ibuprofen, 400 mg, was compared with 300 mg acetaminophen plus 30 mg of codeine
      and placebo in 120 post-orthopedic surgery patients with moderate to severe pain.
      The study was designed as a double-blind, single-dose, parallel-group analgesic
      efficacy assay. Estimates of analgesia were obtained up to 6 h using categorical
      and visual analog measures of pain intensity and pain relief. Estimates of
      selected elements of mood and of sensory and affective components of pain were
      obtained at 0 and 2 h using contrasting mood word/phrase pairs and a portion of
      the McGill Pain Questionnaire, respectively. Drugs were distinguishable from
      placebo in total analgesic effect, and ibuprofen was more effective than
      acetaminophen plus codeine, especially in terms of duration. While peak effects
      were comparable, they occurred 1 h later following ibuprofen. Differences among
      treatments were more discernible using visual analog measures. Side effects were
      minimal. Ibuprofen provided greater improvement in selected elements of mood than
      acetaminophen plus codeine at comparable levels of pain relief. While decreases
      in the sensory component of pain were most highly associated with pain relief
      provided by ibuprofen, decreases in the affective component were most highly
      associated with pain relief following acetaminophen plus codeine. These latter
      results indicate that mood assessment and the discrimination between sensory and
      affective components of pain could be particularly useful within analgesic drug
      assays, especially when comparing analgesics of differing pharmacologic class and
      when comparing the results of such assays in pain syndromes characterized by
      differing pain quality.

PMID- 4047709
TI  - Pain in Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Three patients are described who suffered from Parkinson's disease and who also
      experienced severe pain. In one patient who had used psychotropic medication for
      a long period there was evidence of associated autonomic failure. It is suggested
      that the pain, which has some features of central pain with ill defined areas of
      involvement and lack of sensory abnormality, may occasionally be an important
      aspect of Parkinson's disease and indeed can precede the onset of this
      extrapyramidal disorder. Possible mechanisms are discussed including the
      influence of dopaminergic pathways on pain modulation. The importance of
      recognising the pain of Parkinson's disease is stressed.

PMID- 4047710
TI  - Detrusor inhibition in suprasacral spinal cord injuries: is it due to sympathetic
      overactivity?
AB  - The authors report five patients with detrusor inactivity in suprasacral spinal
      cord lesions with perineal spasticity. In all of these cases with cervical or
      high thoracic lesions treatment with an alpha-blocking drug (Phenoxybenzamine)
      allowed bladder activity to return. These results suggest that the sacral
      parasympathetic centre is under the inhibitory influence of the sympathetic
      nervous system.

PMID- 4047711
TI  - Fractures of the thoraco-lumbar spine.
AB  - A personal prospective study of 98 consecutive patients presenting with
      neurological impairment and fractures or dislocations between the 9th thoracic
      and 2nd lumbar vertebrae bodies. Fifty-three patients underwent Harrington
      instrumentation, and 45 patients were treated recumbently. Neurological
      improvement was much better following Harrington rods in the complete paraplegia
      group but there was no difference in neurological recovery between the two groups
      in those with incomplete paraplegia. Forty-two patients who had been stabilised
      with Harrington rods underwent post-operative myelography or tomography to assess
      the adequacy of spinal decompression. The best results were in patients with
      adequate neural canal decompression. In 21 cases decompression had not been
      adequate, usually due to a stereotyped pattern in which the postero-superior
      aspect of the fractured body remained in the neural canal. All 21 underwent
      anterior decompression at an average of five months post injury. All the
      incomplete anterior decompression at an average of five months post injury. All
      the incomplete paraplegics (nine patients) regained the ability to walk, three of
      the 12 complete paraplegics improved and regained the ability to walk with
      bilateral ankle-foot orthoses. Neurological improvement was dependent upon the
      adequacy of spinal cord decompression and not upon Harrington rods. per se.
      Harrington rods alone were not adequate to decompress the spinal canal in 50 per
      cent of cases. The best results after anterior decompression occurred where
      neural compression was caused by a minimally displaced wedge fracture distal to
      T12.

PMID- 4047712
TI  - Electrodiagnostic abnormalities in 15 patients with posttraumatic syringomyelia:
      pre- and postoperative studies.
AB  - A review of 15 patients with posttraumatic syringomyelia indicates that the most
      reliable electrodiagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of syrinx are the loss of
      motor unit numbers with increase in motor unit amplitude and duration nd
      synchronous firing. Prolongation of F wave latency in a previously stable patient
      is a useful observation. Return of function and improvement of F wave latencies
      can occur rapidly following decompression of the syrinx. Forty per cent of the
      patients studied had concomitant involvement of at least one peripheral nerve as
      one would expect invoking the double crush hypothesis.

PMID- 4047713
TI  - Cystometrographic patterns in predicting bladder function after spinal cord
      injury.
AB  - The cystometrographic patterns together with and sphincter electromyograms of 62
      patients with recent spinal cord injury wer analysed. Four main patterns could be
      distinguished. The patients with well-developed detrusor reflex gained easy
      emptying of the bladder significantly more often than those with supranuclear
      injury but weak or unsustained detrusor contractions, or those with mixed spinal
      lesions. The patients with mixed lesions and low compliance bladders had the most
      severe incontinence problems. One fourth of the total series had various degrees
      of upper tract dilatation in their first urogram, and these changes occurred more
      often in patients with high detrusor activity. Urinary tract infections occurred
      in all patients but less often in those with areflexic bladders. This group of
      patients was also most suitable for intermittent self-catheterisation.

PMID- 4047714
TI  - Evaluation of Moto-Stand a new vehicle for upright ambulation in paraplegics.
AB  - The Moto-Stand is a motorised vehicle to propel paraplegics in the upright
      position. It safely allows handicapped persons a wide range of working
      capabilities and extends mobility far beyond the limits of a wheelchair. Twenty
      adults with spinal lesions were evaluated for using the Moto-Stand. The levels of
      lesion ranged from C6 to L1. The tetraplegics studied had incomplete lesions and
      they could get on the Moto-Stand but needed some assistance. All the paraplegics
      studied were able to use the Moto-Stand independently. The Moto-Stand was found
      to be superior for kitchen activities, especially when handling hot objects and
      reaching objects at different levels. As it turns in its own space it offers
      superior maneuverability in the limited space of a kitchen, workshop or even a
      trailer home. Subjects with moderate to severe spasticity appear to have
      difficulty in using the Moto-Stand, It was found to be safe and comfortable by
      the majority of subjects studied.

PMID- 4047715
TI  - [The agglutination test of coracidia of pseudophyllidean cestodes and its use in
      cestodological research].
AB  - Ability of coracidia to agglutination in homologous antiserum was established.
      The method of reaction of a direct agglutination of coracidia (RDAC) in the
      culture of alive larvae was described. When comparing the RDAC results in
      homologous and heterologous variants a dependence of the agglutination pattern on
      the degree of antiserum homology was established. On the example of RDAC of the
      cestodes Diphyllobothrium dendriticum and D. ditremum in polyvalent and species
      specific antisera to D. dendriticum possibility was shown of RDAC usage in the
      studies on specific taxonomy of pseudophyllid cestodes.

PMID- 4047716
TI  - [Comparative parasitological analysis of White Sea herring fry (Clupea pallasi n.
      maris-albi) raised experimentally and caught at sea].
AB  - Dynamics of the infection with pathogen trematodes of Brachyphallus crenatus
      (Rud., 1802) and Lecithaster gibbosus (Rud., 1802) in larvae and juvenile herring
      reared in experimental conditions and in those which were caught in the sea has
      been observed. Simultaneous infection of juvenile herring in natural environments
      and in experimental conditions has been noted. The parasitological examination of
      the material suggests the degree of natural mortality of larvae in the sea. The
      total rate of the juvenile herring infection in nature ranges from 22 to 92%.

PMID- 4047717
TI  - [Effect of forest fires on the population count and spatial structure of the
      taiga tick (Ixodidae)].
AB  - Results of two large-scale surveys of Ixodes persulcatus distribution were
      compared. Surveys were conducted in a south taiga forest area in the Khabarovsk
      region two and ten years after a great fire. The direct inhibiting effect of the
      fire on the population of I. persulcatus was not continuous though apparent. By
      the moment of pyrogenic small forests formation on slash fires, i.e. during the
      period not exceeding 2-3 complete developmental cycles of I. persulcatus, the
      abundance and spatial structure of its population are restored completely.

PMID- 4047718
TI  - [Characteristics of the multiplication of a virulent strain of the plague microbe
      in Xenopsylla cheopis fleas infected parenterally].
AB  - Xenopsylla cheopis fleas infected parenterally with the virulent strain of plague
      microbe of gerbil variant preserved the agent to the end of their lives. In the
      body cavity the microbes retained their ability for reproduction which was,
      however, limited. During the first seven days after the infection the number of
      microbes slightly increased and later became stabilized. Its mean indices (mean
      g) varied within the limits of 500 to 2000 microbe cells per 1 individual,
      maximum index rarely exceeded 30 000 microbe cells. Parenteral infection with
      plague agent did not affect essentially the longevity of fleas.

PMID- 4047719
TI  - [Effect of mosquito contact with DDT and their susceptibility to the causative
      agent of malaria].
AB  - The contact of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with DDT one hour prior to the infectious
      feeding results in a slight decrease of their susceptibility to Plasmodium
      gallinaceum. The contact 24 hours prior to the infectious feeding does not affect
      the susceptibility of mosquitoes.

PMID- 4047720
TI  - [Lymnaea truncatula (Muller, 1774)--the 1st and 2d intermediate hosts of
      Echinostoma revolutum (Frohlich, 1802) and Hypoderaeum conoideum (Bloch, 1782)].
AB  - Lymnaea truncatula (Muller, 1774) is recorded as the first and second
      intermediate host of Echinostoma revolutum (Frohlich, 1802) and Hypoderaeum
      conoideum (Bloch, 1782) Adults were obtained by the feeding of metacercariae to
      chickens.

PMID- 4047721
TI  - The future of histopathology--a personal view.
AB  - Pathology in general and histopathology in particular has recently spent some
      years in the doldrums associated with loss of purpose, direction, enthusiasm and
      credibility. The historical reasons for this and the reasons for recent emergence
      from this phase are to be used as a base for identifying needs for the future. As
      a result of technological advances and acceptance of some philosophical concepts,
      particularly that functional aspects need to be added to morphological studies,
      the view is expressed that histopathology should now be able to maintain its
      regained status as a foremost science in medical laboratory disciplines. These
      views were shared by Vincent McGovern in private conversation and demonstrated by
      him in his writings and practice. This written record by a friend is, in all
      humility and remembrance, dedicated to him.

PMID- 4047722
TI  - Precancer and cancer in inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - The risk of cancer in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increased although it
      remains low. A clinical subgroup of patients with extensive or total ulcerative
      colitis and a history of symptoms for more than 10 yr is at greatest risk. In
      these patients biopsy evidence of epithelial dysplasia has successfully been used
      as a marker for increased cancer risk. A classification system for dysplasia has
      recently been devised, consisting of 3 categories: negative, indefinite and
      positive for dysplasia. The criteria for each category are discussed. For
      patients at high risk who decline prophylactic colectomy, a cancer surveillance
      programme involving periodic clinical assessment, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy and
      rectal and colonic biopsies has provided a reasonable alternative.

PMID- 4047723
TI  - Alimentary tract biopsy lesions in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - The surgical pathology of the alimentary tract complications of the acquired
      immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is described and illustrated by a review of one
      year's material accessioned at a New York Community Hospital. Cytomegalovirus,
      Cryptosporidium and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare were particularly notable
      among diverse opportunistic infectious agents. Visceral Kaposi's sarcoma and
      malignant lymphomas were the principal malignancies recognized, and their
      occurrence in young men should alert clinicians to the possibility of AIDS.

PMID- 4047724
TI  - Forms of colitis--a review of recent developments.
AB  - Recent advances in the accessibility of the bowel and in techniques for the study
      of colonic pathology have resulted in descriptions of several forms of colitis
      which were previously unrecognized and in elucidation of the etiology of
      previously described but poorly understood entities. Present knowledge of
      antibiotic-associated colitis, colitis indeterminate, acute self-limited colitis,
      collagenous colitis and the colitis of food allergy is reviewed.

PMID- 4047725
TI  - Shock lung and diffuse alveolar damage pathological and pathogenetic
      considerations.
AB  - Diffuse alveolar damage may be caused by any one or more of a large number of
      injurious agents. While the etiology may be diverse, the pathology is relatively
      uniform ranging from an acute exudative phase characterized by protein-rich
      interstitial and alveolar edema, through to a reactive subacute proliferative
      phase characterized by interstitial fibroplasia and collagenization together with
      granular pneumocyte hyperplasia. Interstitial inflammation is a variable feature
      and of course mixed exudative and proliferative features are common. In the
      clinically overt adult respiratory distress syndrome, the mortality is
      formidable. The pathogenesis is damage to endothelial cells and membranous
      pneumocytes. This may be caused by direct chemical action or indirectly through
      the mediation of oxidizing free radicles or leukotrienes. In diffuse alveolar
      damage associated with shock, recent work suggests mediation of the cellular
      injury via complement activation following tissue injury, with the major
      pathology being due to lysosomal enzyme damage from phagocytes chemotactically
      attracted to the lung. Etiological factors in diffuse alveolar damage are
      numerous and details of appropriate primary therapy are therefore diverse. The
      pathogenesis and pathology are however relatively uniform, calling for uniform
      supportive therapeutic measures of the clinical adult respiratory distress
      syndrome.

PMID- 4047726
TI  - Histogenesis of malignant melanoma with an adjacent component of the superficial
      spreading type.
AB  - There has been a world-wide exponential increase in the incidence of thin
      malignant melanoma. At the Sydney Melanoma Unit, the proportion of patients
      diagnosed as having superficial spreading melanoma has more than doubled from 33%
      prior to 1960 to 78% during 1980-83. A study was made of the non-invasive
      component of malignant melanoma with an adjacent non-invasive component of the
      superficial spreading type in an attempt to elucidate the pathogenetic mechanisms
      involved in these changing trends. In this study on 723 cases of melanoma with a
      superficial spreading component, there was evidence that 39% originated in a
      precursor lesion. In the remaining 61%, the adjacent superficial spreading
      component consisted of melanoma in situ, suggesting that these were melanomas
      from the beginning. The latter lesions were thinner and had a lower degree of
      mitotic activity than melanomas commencing in a precursor lesion. Despite the
      large increase in incidence of superficial spreading melanomas and the shift to
      thinner lesions over time, there appeared to be no difference in the proportion
      of lesions commencing de novo to those commencing in a precursor lesion. This
      suggests that the precursor lesion may be of genetic origin.

PMID- 4047728
TI  - Acral lentiginous melanoma and its precursor--heterogeneity of palmo-plantar
      melanomas.
AB  - Malignant melanomas occur with high frequency in the volar skin and with
      heterogeneity consisting of acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) and nodular melanoma
      in Japan. Analytical study has revealed the precursor of ALM which we designate
      plantar or palmar premalignant melanosis (PPM), and whose cellular
      characteristics appear to be similar to those of pagetoid premalignant melanosis
      or the radial phase of superficial spreading melanoma (SSM).

PMID- 4047727
TI  - Biological behaviour of cutaneous malignant melanomas.
AB  - The classification proposed by Clark et al. of cutaneous malignant melanoma into
      3 groups: lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM), superficial spreading melanoma (SSM)
      and nodular melanoma (NM) was based on a correlation between histology and
      biological behaviour. Many studies have shown different growth rates, prognosis
      and incidence of antecedent benign nevi for each of these groups, confirming that
      each is a separate entity with its own biological behaviour. The recent proposal
      that acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a distinct clinico-histological entity,
      however, is more difficult to accept. Many melanomas on acral locations are
      histologically intermediate between SSM and ALM and the epidemiological value of
      classifying ALM as an entity separate from SSM is doubtful.

PMID- 4047729
TI  - An experience of malignant melanoma.
AB  - The diagnosis of malignant melanoma involves its differentiation from many benign
      and malignant non-melanocytic tumours as well as from benign melanocytic lesions.
      Frequently knowledge of the clinical history and the site of the tumour is very
      valuable. The diagnostic value of many microscopic features is discussed.

PMID- 4047730
TI  - Prognostic histopathological factors in malignant melanoma.
AB  - An analysis of prognostic factors in 4000 patients with cutaneous malignant
      melanoma at the Sydney Melanoma Unit and the University of Alabama in Birmingham
      has demonstrated that the histological features of the primary melanoma become
      less predictive of survival the more advanced the disease becomes. Thus, whilst 4
      features of primary lesions were independent predictors in localized disease
      (tumour thickness, ulceration, level of invasion and regression), only one of the
      stronger ones (ulceration) remained predictive in patients with regional lymph
      node metastases. Once distant spread was evident, there were no parameters of the
      primary lesion that predicted survival. Thus, in patients with advanced disease
      prognosis was dictated by the extent of metastatic involvement: the number of
      positive lymph nodes in stage II patients and the number and location of
      metastatic sites in stage III patients.

PMID- 4047731
TI  - Pigmented melanocytic lesions of the conjunctiva--a new approach to their
      classification.
AB  - We report a series of 23 malignant melanomas and 24 cases of benign and
      premalignant lesions of the conjunctiva and propose a new classification of non
      nevoid pigmented benign, premalignant and malignant melanocytic lesions. The
      question of prognostic features in conjunctival melanoma is briefly discussed.

PMID- 4047732
TI  - Malignant melanoma of the uveal tract--a review of the Auckland experience.
AB  - Ninety-three cases of malignant melanoma of the uveal tract diagnosed in Auckland
      between April 1960 and July 1984 were reviewed to determine the significant
      pathological factors for predicting prognosis. Six factors correlating with
      outcome were: extension of the tumour into and through sclera or into optic
      nerve, tumour size, cell type, mitotic rate, pigmentation, vascularity.

PMID- 4047733
TI  - Diagnosis and management of premalignant melanocytic proliferations.
AB  - The histopathology of melanocytic proliferations in human skin can be defined in
      a way which allows a rational approach to their management. Early and/or
      premalignant lesions such as melanocytic hypertrophy, hyperplasia, dysplasia, and
      atypical hyperplasias are correlated with clinical lesions such as lentigo,
      compound nevoid lentigo, changes in nevi during pregnancy, and unusual moles seen
      in patients with the dysplastic nevus syndrome. Clinical management of such
      lesions may be determined from the pathological process. Hypertrophic and
      hyperplastic lesions need not be re-excised, although partially removed moles
      showing junctional hyperplasia may recur clinically. The mildly and moderately
      dysplastic nevus need only be narrowly removed. Severe dysplasia and melanoma in
      situ may recur locally as invasive melanoma, and consideration for conservative
      reexcision is warranted. Dysplastic nevi should be considered to be markers of
      patients who may develop melanoma. Patients with dysplastic nevi or a family
      history of unusual moles or melanoma should have continued follow-up, preferably
      with standardized clinical photographs.

PMID- 4047734
TI  - The dysplastic nevus.
AB  - Dysplastic nevi are distinctive cutaneous nevomelanocytic lesions that can be
      recognized clinically and histologically. They were first described as markers of
      risk for melanoma in members of hereditary melanoma-prone kindreds. Subsequently,
      they have been discovered in a significant fraction of patients with sporadic
      melanoma, and in apparently normal members of the community. It is likely that
      they constitute markers of risk for melanoma in these populations as well, but
      that the risk is much less than in members of melanoma-prone kindreds. Beyond
      their role as risk markers, there is evidence that dysplastic nevi may act as
      precursors of some melanomas. Thus, their recognition offers an opportunity for
      analysis of pathogenetic mechanisms in cutaneous melanoma. Most dysplastic nevi,
      however, are completely stable over long periods of observation. Since up to 5%
      or even more of the population may bear one or more of these common lesions on
      their skin, it is important that the profession does not create an epidemic of
      cancer-phobia by over-emphasizing the significance of a dysplastic nevus.
      Patients with dysplastic nevi should adopt sensible patterns of skin care.

PMID- 4047735
TI  - Malignant melanoma in situ: the flat, curable stage of malignant melanoma.
AB  - Malignant melanoma can be diagnosed clinically and histologically when it is
      small, flat, and confined to the epidermis. The criteria for the diagnosis are
      described. The application of these criteria can lead to simple excision of the
      lesion and the prevention of the malignant melanoma from evolving into a neoplasm
      with the potential for metastasis.

PMID- 4047736
TI  - The histological variance of malignant melanoma: the interrelationship of
      histological subtype, neoplastic progression, and biological behaviour.
AB  - Histological variance within premalignant melanocytic dysplasias and melanomas
      reflects the biological progression of neoplasia. In general, the more severe
      cytological atypia, the more advanced the stage of neoplasia, and the more likely
      true melanomatous transformation (vertical growth or level III invasion) will be
      present. Histological variance may be seen in disparity between the cytology of
      the premalignant precursor and the vertical growth component and in the
      expression of normally latent phenotypic options such as desmoplasia and
      neurotropism. The pattern of superficial spreading melanoma (severe atypism,
      large epithelioid cells in pagetoid growth) is universal and qualifies as the
      common final pathway. Breslow's criteria of measurement are useful in formulating
      therapy in melanomas showing the common final pathway but may not accurately
      relate to the biological potential of minimal deviation variants i.e. those with
      mild to moderate melanocytic atypia. Examples of such variants are lentigo
      maligna melanoma, melanomas arising in pigmented spindle cell nevus, Spitz nevus,
      cellular blue nevus, dermal nevus and melanomas histologically resembling halo
      nevus.

PMID- 4047737
TI  - Contrasting incidences along with descriptive markers in the epidemiology of
      melanoma.
AB  - The four volumes of "Cancer Incidences in Five Continents" provided the data for
      studying the geographical differences in melanoma incidence. The cancer
      cumulative incidence rate was used, along with other descriptive markers: sex
      ratio, age group distribution and sub-site distribution. The incidence of
      melanoma was correlated with other sites of cancer across populations for both
      sexes separately, showing a high correlation with ovarian cancer. The regions
      used for the main comparison were Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, Alberta, Canada and
      Norway. An answer was sought to the question as to whether or not the (basic) low
      incidence is mainly determined by endogenous factors while the (superimposed)
      high incidence arises under the influence of an environmental cause. Cohort
      studies and studies of migrant populations offer data which suggest that
      ultraviolet exposure is among the causal environmental factors. The correlation
      study emphasizes the importance of the endogenous factors. The observations on
      the behaviour of the descriptive markers are used to give an outline for further
      research using descriptive and analytical epidemiological methods.

PMID- 4047738
TI  - Review of melanoma antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Their
      functional significance and applications in diagnosis and treatment of melanoma.
AB  - The introduction of monoclonal antibody techniques has led to a rapid advance in
      information concerning antigenic structures in melanoma cell membranes. These
      have been classified according to the extent of their expression on cells of
      other tissues, but it is evident that a more precise classification based on
      their biochemical nature is possible. Several monoclonal antibodies appear to
      define antigens restricted to melanoma cells and fetal tissues. Many antibodies
      recognize antigens shared with gliomas and nevi, whereas other groups can be
      defined which recognize antigens on melanocytes or other carcinomas. One of the
      commonly detected antigens was shown to be a high molecular weight (MW)
      proteoglycan which may be involved in reactions with other cells and the
      intercellular matrix. A second antigen was shown to be a ganglioside which may
      have receptor functions in cells. A third was shown to be a glycoprotein with
      iron transport functions. The latter antigen and the large MW proteoglycan have
      been a focus of attention for in vivo targeting studies in treatment and
      diagnosis. The ganglioside, large MW proteoglycan and a melanocarcinoma antigen
      may be detected in the circulation of patients and are being evaluated for
      monitoring of disease activity in patients with melanoma. Several monoclonals may
      be of value in histological evaluation of melanoma, e.g. diagnosis of
      preneoplastic lesions, metastatic lesions of unknown origin and identification of
      cell structures related to metastatic behaviour in the host. Further studies
      should help to define cellular structures recognized by the immune system in
      humans.

PMID- 4047739
TI  - Comparisons of the growth in tissue culture of primary and metastatic melanoma.
AB  - Tissue culture studies using monolayer cultures or semi-solid cultures under
      hypoxic or ambient oxygen conditions were carried out in 86 primary and 241
      metastatic human melanomas. The frequencies with which growth occurred were
      similar for primary and metastatic tumours for each of the culture systems. In
      tumours which grew in hypoxic semi-solid culture, however, the plating efficiency
      (numbers of colonies per 5 X 10(5) cells plated) was significantly higher (26.1
      +/- 2.8) for metastatic melanomas than for primaries (11.9 +/- 1.4). Paired
      comparisons of the growth of individual tumours in hypoxic cultures with growth
      in ambient oxygen cultures confirmed earlier observations that growth was
      enhanced by hypoxia due to recruitment of additional colony-forming cells. The
      numbers of cells recruited under hypoxic conditions were significantly greater
      for metastatic tumours than for primaries.

PMID- 4047740
TI  - Semi-solid cultures of primary melanomas and their correlation with
      histopathological features.
AB  - The results of semi-solid cultures of fresh biopsy material from 86 primary human
      melanomas are reported. Detailed histological assessments by Professor McGovern
      were available for 80 of the 86 melanomas, and these were compared with the
      growth characteristics of each specimen. Significant correlations were found
      between growth in hypoxic semi-solid culture and tumour thickness and numbers of
      mitoses, and there was a suggestive association between growth and the shape of
      the lesion. Seventy-seven patients had Stage I disease, and follow-up data were
      available for 68 of these. Twenty-one patients had relapsed and 9 had died. Time
      to relapse was significantly shorter in patients whose primary tumour grew in
      culture and in patients with tumours thicker than 1.5 mm. These results show
      correlations between the biological behaviour of human melanoma, as assessed in
      vitro by culture, and the histological assessments previously reported. Growth in
      culture, tumour thickness and number of mitoses were interdependent variables,
      with growth and thickness predicting for time to relapse. Further studies will be
      needed to determine the relative risks attached to each of these.

PMID- 4047741
TI  - [Analysis of morphological changes in fatal cases of trichinosis].

PMID- 4047742
TI  - Endometrial carcinoma and its precursors.

PMID- 4047743
TI  - The endometrial hyperplasias and their relations to endometrial neoplasia.

PMID- 4047744
TI  - [Endometrial hyperplasia detected by ambulatory endometrial biopsy].

PMID- 4047745
TI  - [Morphological and clinical evaluation of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the
      gastrointestinal system].

PMID- 4047746
TI  - [Effects of hypothermia and cardioplegia on the ultrastructural image of the
      myocardium during extracorporeal circulation].

PMID- 4047747
TI  - [Ultrastructural and morphological studies of polyester implants in the aorta].

PMID- 4047748
TI  - [Ultrastructural and morphological studies of venous transplants in the aorta].

PMID- 4047749
TI  - Placental transfer of lidocaine and elimination from newborns following
      obstetrical epidural and pudendal anesthesia.
AB  - Following local anesthetic use, maternal and umbilical serum levels of lidocaine
      were determined at delivery by means of a gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry
      technique in 13 cases. In six cases, where delivery was performed by cesarean
      section, lidocaine was used for epidural analgesia. The dose given averaged 4.0
      +/- 1.7 mg/kg, and the time between analgesia and delivery was 22.0 +/- 4.5
      minutes. The mean umbilical serum level of lidocaine was 1.19 +/- 0.79
      micrograms/ml and that of the maternal serum was 2.18 +/- 1.25 micrograms/ml. The
      fetal to maternal ratio was 0.52 +/- 0.18. Lidocaine levels of neonatal plasma
      were followed at 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after delivery, and the mean half-life
      was found to be 6.7 +/- 1.3 hours. In the other seven cases, lidocaine was given
      in normal vaginal delivery for pudendal nerve block, and the dose was as small as
      0.79 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. The mean umbilical and maternal serum concentrations of
      lidocaine were 0.064 +/- 0.039 micrograms/ml and 0.143 +/- 0.071 micrograms/ml,
      respectively, and the ratio was 0.45 +/- 0.16. Lidocaine given to the mothers
      crossed to the fetuses readily and resulted in neonatal plasma levels that were
      half those of the mothers'. The elimination of lidocaine from the newborn after
      birth was prolonged so that it might prevent the adaptation of the infant to
      postnatal circumstances. Viewed from the standpoint of infant care, anesthetics
      at delivery should be given to the mother only when the benefit obtained by their
      use outweighs any possible disadvantages.

PMID- 4047750
TI  - Multiple-dose kinetics of digoxin in neonates.
AB  - Multiple-dose kinetics of digoxin were studied over a 7-day period in five
      neonates receiving intravenous digoxin therapy (one initial digitalizing dose
      followed by single daily doses). Their weights ranged from 1.04 to 2.68 kg (means
      = 1.61 kg), gestational ages from 28 to 39 weeks (means = 31.8 weeks), and
      postnatal ages from 2 to 19 days (means = 8.0 days). The 24-hour serum digoxin
      levels and urinary creatinine and digoxin excretion after the 1st and 7th doses
      on days 1 and 7 were employed to derive the kinetic parameters. Values of each
      following parameter (mean +/- SD) were obtained on days 1 and 7, respectively:
      (1) creatinine clearance (ml/min/1.73 m2) 12 +/- 6, 13 +/- 8; (2) renal digoxin
      clearance (ml/min/1.73 m2) 13 +/- 8, 15 +/- 10; (3) total body digoxin clearance
      (ml/min/1.73 m2) 35 +/- 14, 39 +/- 24; (4) volume of distribution (L/kg) 7.2 +/-
      1.0, 6.9 +/- 1.1; and (5) half-life (hours) 48 +/- 19, 49 +/- 27. No consistent
      changes of the above kinetic parameters from days 1 to 7 were observed in these
      five neonates (P greater than 0.05, paired student's t-test).

PMID- 4047751
TI  - The effect of phenytoin on testosterone metabolism in vitro.
AB  - We recently encountered a male newborn with ambiguous genitalia who had been
      exposed to the anticonvulsant phenytoin in utero. In an attempt to investigate a
      possible teratogenic connection between phenytoin exposure and genital anomalies,
      the effect of phenytoin on the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone
      by human skin slices was studied. Neonatal foreskins obtained at circumcision
      were incubated for two hours with testosterone-4-14C and various concentrations
      of phenytoin. The incubation mixture was then assayed for testosterone,
      dihydrotestosterone, androstanedione, androstenedione, androstanediol, and
      androsterone using thin-layer chromatography and liquid scintillation
      spectrometry. The amounts of testosterone metabolites formed with phenytoin added
      were compared to values obtained under control conditions without phenytoin.
      There was a significant decrease in the amounts of 5 alpha reduced metabolites
      formed with increasing amounts of phenytoin added. Implications for male
      phenotypic sexual differentiation of the fetus exposed to phenytoin in utero are
      discussed.

PMID- 4047752
TI  - Does the in-utero exposure to furosemide delay the renal maturation?
AB  - Two groups of pregnant Wistar rats were constituted, one treated with Furosemide
      IP and one with saline. The drug was given on days 7-11 and 14-18 of the
      pregnancy. Litters from the two groups were not different in number of pups, body
      weight, and/or kidney weight, but exposed in-utero neonates, studied shortly
      after birth, exhibited a significant lower number of differentiated glomeruli
      than those of the control group. As well as the difficulty of explaining this
      phenomenon, this condition raises the problem of a possible compensation by the
      postnatal nephrogenesis, which is important in the rat, and leads to the question
      of what will be the total amount of nephrons for the adult life in species with
      or without complete in utero nephrogenesis.

PMID- 4047753
TI  - A comparison of the sensitivities of neonatal hircine pulmonary and femoral
      arterial rings to tolazoline.
AB  - The effect of tolazoline (1 X 10(-5) M) upon the norepinephrine concentration
      response relationship is compared in pulmonary and femoral arterial rings from
      neonatal goats. As we have reported previously in neonatal lambs, the pulmonary
      vessels are more sensitive to norepinephrine (pED50 7.23 +/- 0.22 for the
      pulmonary vs. 6.49 +/- 0.42 for the femoral). However, there is no difference in
      the response to tolazoline of the two vessel types (pKB for tolazoline 5.77 +/-
      0.23 in the pulmonary and 5.79 +/- 0.33 in the femoral).

PMID- 4047754
TI  - Cytodestructive mechanisms provoked by food antigens: III. Inhibition of direct
      and antibody-dependent allergic autocytotoxicity (ACT) by ketotifen.
AB  - In vitro challenge of peripheral white blood cells (WBC) from 15 food sensitive
      individuals and 16 asymptomatic controls was studied in allergic autocytotoxicity
      (ACT) assay using extracts of cow's milk, corn, and wheat. The observed
      disintegration of the WBC in the direct and antibody-dependent ACT was inhibited
      by ketotifen in a linear, dose-dependent manner. Therefore, our data demonstrate
      that the ACT response is associated with anaphylactic injury which is prevented
      by pretreatment with ketotifen, in vitro.

PMID- 4047755
TI  - Hemodynamic consequences of inotropic support with digoxin or amrinone in lambs
      with ventricular septal defect.
AB  - Inotropic support with digoxin is commonly used in patients with left ventricular
      volume overload due to ventricular septal defect (VSD). However, the hemodynamic
      consequences of inotropic agents with VSD have not been experimentally explored.
      We studied two inotropic agents, digoxin and amrinone, in chronically
      instrumented lambs with left ventricular volume overload due to a surgically
      created VSD. Intravenous digoxin (40 micrograms/kg) produced serum levels of 3.5
      +/- 0.9 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) in seven lambs 60 min after administration, reduced
      the heart rate by 16% (172 to 149 beats/min, p less than 0.05), increased the
      stroke volume 16% (29.8 to 34.5 ml/beat, p less than 0.05) but did not
      significantly alter the systemic flow index (Qs), the pulmonary flow index (Qp),
      or the volume of left to right shunt (QL-R, 6.74 to 6.77 liter/min/m2). The mean
      left atrial pressure (LA) was unchanged (17.6 versus 17.1 mm Hg) following
      digoxin. Chronic digoxin use in four lambs for 4 days (25 +/- 8 micrograms/kg/8
      h) produced trough serum levels of 1.2 +/- 0.2 ng/ml. There was no additional
      hemodynamic effect compared to acute digoxin, the Qp/Qs ratio was unchanged (3.10
      versus 3.08) and evidence of left ventricular volume overload (LA - 14.0 versus
      13.4) was unchanged. Amrinone lowered the systemic resistance index in a dose
      dependent fashion. The peak reduction of 20% (25.3 to 20.3 U/m2, p less than
      0.01) occurred at 20 min after an intravenous (3 mg/kg) bolus in seven lambs. The
      Qs increased from 2.58 to 3.10 liter/min/m2 (p less than 0.01). The Qp was
      unchanged, thus the Qp/Qs ratio was lowered by 16% (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4047756
TI  - Liver vitamin A reserves of very low birth weight neonates.
AB  - This study assessed the liver vitamin A concentrations at birth in a group of
      very low birth weight neonates (n = 25) (less than 1500 g birth weight, less than
      32 wk gestation), dying within 24 h of birth, prior to possible changes in
      vitamin A status induced by postnatal intervention. Serum concentrations of
      vitamin A and retinol-binding protein were also measured in 16 of these neonates.
      The mean (+/- SD) liver vitamin A concentration was 30.0 +/- 12.9 micrograms/g
      (range 2.0-49.0 micrograms/g). The mean (+/- SD) serum vitamin A concentration
      was 13.0 +/- 4.7 micrograms/dl (range 6.7-22.8 micrograms/dl). The mean (+/- SD)
      serum retinol-binding protein concentration was 2.2 +/- 0.8 mg/dl (range 1.5-4.8
      mg/dl). Liver vitamin A, serum vitamin A, and serum retinol-binding protein
      concentrations did not correlate significantly with gestational age or birth
      weight. Linear regression analysis did not show a significant correlation between
      liver vitamin A, and serum vitamin A or retinol-binding protein concentrations.
      This study provides reference values for vitamin A concentrations at birth in
      very low birth weight neonates, which may be helpful in future studies designed
      to evaluate postnatal changes in the vitamin A status of these high-risk
      neonates.

PMID- 4047757
TI  - Osmolality and solute concentration--their relationship with oral hydration
      solution effectiveness: an experimental assessment.
AB  - The role of electrolyte, carbohydrate, and base composition, as well as
      osmolality, of oral hydration solutions (OHS), was investigated using a
      nonabsorbable marker and tritiated water in an in vivo intestinal perfusion
      system in rats. The OHS tested were the World Health Organization recommended
      formula, containing 90 mEq/liter sodium and 111 mM glucose, which was taken as
      the reference solution; five variants of this solution with different sodium and
      glucose concentrations; and two solutions without sodium, i.e. isotonic glucose
      and deionized water. Also tested were one solution with acetate in lieu of
      bicarbonate, and two commercial preparations where citrate substituted for
      bicarbonate. The best water absorption rates were obtained with World Health
      Organization-type OHS characterized by a combination of low osmolality and
      moderate sodium and glucose content. Hypotonic OHS (190, 220, and 155 mosmol/kg)
      in which the sodium:glucose ratios were 60:30, 60:60, and 30:55, respectively,
      produced mean jejunal water transport rates of 3.46, 3.20, and 2.91
      microliter/min/cm, respectively, whereas the standard World Health Organization
      OHS (330 mosmol/kg) resulted in a rate of 1.36 microliter/min/cm (p less than
      0.001). Similar good water absorption was achieved when Ac was the base (270
      mosmol/kg and 60:111 sodium:glucose ratio) and with one of the commercial
      solutions (245 mosmol/kg and 50:111 sodium:glucose ratio). The reference World
      Health Organization OHS allowed for sodium absorption, as did the OHS with
      sodium:glucose ratios of 90:45, 60:30, 60:60, and acetate-containing 60:111.
      Sodium at a concentration of 30 mEq/liter or less resulted in the efflux of this
      electrolyte. High glucose concentration and lower osmolality exacerbated this
      effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4047759
TI  - Bilirubin toxicity in neural cell lines N115 and NBR10A.
AB  - The toxicity of bilirubin was investigated in 2 neural cell lines NBR10A and N115
      using a quantitative dye assay 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl
      tetrazolium biomide (MTT) as a measure of cell viability and [3H]thymidine
      incorporation as a measure of DNA synthesis. Short exposures (up to 2 h) to
      bilirubin, even up to a bilirubin-albumin molar ratio of 1.5, yielded no evidence
      of toxicity using these assays. At longer exposure times (24 h) a decrease in
      cell viability and [3H]thymidine incorporation was detected at a molar ratio of
      0.8 when the bilirubin concentration was 0.1 mM or higher, whereas lower
      bilirubin levels at this molar ratio showed no deleterious effect. The effect of
      bilirubin is more pronounced at a molar ratio of 1.5 with longer incubation
      periods. The MTT assay showed the N115 cells appeared to be more resistant to
      bilirubin cytotoxicity than NBR10A cells, a finding which was not obtained from
      [3H]thymidine incorporation studies. This discrepancy can be explained by the
      fact that we are measuring two different variables; the MTT assay estimates the
      number of viable cells at the end of the experiment by measuring mitochondrial
      function whereas the [3H]thymidine assay measures the rate of DNA synthesis
      during the last 2 h of the experiment. The concentration effect of bilirubin is
      evident from the [3H]-thymidine studies in that at a molar ratio of 1.5 and
      bilirubin concentration of 0.075 mM or higher, there is both cell kill (decrease
      in DNA) and inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation (decrease in specific
      activity).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4047758
TI  - Influence of vagal activity on the neonatal ventilatory response to hypoxemia.
AB  - The sustained increase in ventilation (V1) that occurs during acute hypoxemia in
      adults is not characteristic of the neonate as V1 falls to or below baseline
      values soon after onset of the hypoxic stimulus. Associated with this decline in
      V1 is a decrease in tidal volume, lung compliance, inspiratory duration, and an
      increase in functional residual capacity and respiratory frequency. We
      hypothesized that hypoxemia induced small airway constriction and pulmonary time
      constant inequalities resulting in a frequency dependent fall in lung compliance
      and tidal volume and retention of lung volume. In seven newborn subhuman
      primates, responses to acute hypoxemia were measured prior to and after
      administration of atropine methyl bromide to prevent vagally mediated narrowing
      of peripheral airways. The increase in frequency and fall in inspiratory duration
      characteristic of the ventilatory decline during hypoxemia was eliminated by the
      drug but functional residual capacity and lung compliance were unaffected. Also,
      the initial rise in V1 was blunted or blocked in all subjects. Bilateral vagotomy
      caused V1 to fall significantly requiring oxygen supplementation but responses to
      hypoxemia were still biphasic in nature. These findings suggest that
      cholinergically mediated mechanisms in the airways do not alter effective lung
      distensibility related to respiratory rate. Acetylcholine may be important at the
      peripheral chemosensor since cholinergic blockade eliminated the initial
      ventilatory increase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4047760
TI  - Human milk-derived growth factor prevents duodenal ulcer formation.
AB  - Human milk was fractionated to obtain a partially purified growth factor
      preparation. The growth factor in this fraction, designated as human milk growth
      factor III, exhibits chromatographic and biological characteristics similar to
      epidermal growth factor-urogastrone. Pretreatment of mice with human milk growth
      factor III significantly reduces the incidence, number, total length, and
      severity score of cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers.

PMID- 4047761
TI  - Necrotizing enterocolitis: intraluminal biochemistry in human neonates and a
      rabbit model.
AB  - The intestinal contents of 17 neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis were
      analyzed for pH, carbohydrate, protein, and bacteria. The intraluminal pH was
      less than 5.0 (16/17). Sufficient carbohydrate and bacteria capable of fermenting
      the carbohydrate to organic acids were found. The intraluminal protein content
      was greater than 5 g/dl. The variables of acid and protein were then examined in
      a rabbit intestinal loop model. The hemorrhagic response in individual loops was
      measured using Cr51 tagged red blood cells such that the microliters of blood per
      centimeter intestine could be determined. Loops with organic acid and protein had
      significantly (p less than 0.01) more intramural blood than control loops.
      Organic acid (possibly generated by bacterial mixed acid fermentation of
      carbohydrate) in the presence of protein promotes intramural hemorrhage similar
      to that seen in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis.

PMID- 4047762
TI  - The cerebrohepatorenal (Zellweger) syndrome: an improved method for the
      biochemical diagnosis and its potential value for prenatal detection.
AB  - The sequence of reactions involved in plasmalogen biosynthesis has been evaluated
      in cultured fibroblasts of patients with the cerebrohepatorenal syndrome. A
      double-label, double-substrate incubation using [1-14C] hexadecanol and 1-0-[9',
      10'-3H]hexadecylglycerol was performed to monitor the relative rates of
      peroxisomal and microsomal biosynthesic steps. [14C] radioactivity associated
      with 1'-alkenyl groups of plasmalogens was found to be drastically reduced in
      fibroblasts of affected patients whereas [3H] incorporation was apparently
      normal. This finding is specific for cerebrohepatorenal syndrome fibroblasts
      since cell lines of patients with childhood adrenoleukodystrophy and neuronal
      ceroidlipofuscinosis utilized the lipid precursors of plasmalogen biosynthesis at
      normal rates. The results show that the defect in plasmalogen synthesis in the
      cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome is restricted to the peroxisomal steps. The finding
      of normal microsomal biosynthetic steps was exploited to devise a novel
      diagnostic assay in fibroblasts and amniocytes based on the comparison of
      [3H/14C] isotope ratios within aldehydes released from plasmalogens by acid
      hydrolysis. The procedure can be completed with a minimal amount of cells since
      it renders quantitative analyses unnecessary. Therefore, this technique appears
      ideally suited for the sensitive and safe prenatal diagnosis of the cerebro
      hepato-renal syndrome.

PMID- 4047763
TI  - Nerve growth factor in mouse milk during early lactation: lack of dependency on
      submandibular salivary glands.
AB  - Using a specific and sensitive nerve growth factor radioimmunoassay we show
      measurable quantities of beta nerve growth factor in mouse milk during the period
      of early lactation. Partial purification by cationic exchange resin yielded a
      preparation which exhibited biological activity in a PC-12 cell bioassay system.
      Submandibular-sublingual sialoadenectomy had no influence on the breast milk NGF
      concentrations. These results support the presence of bioactive NGF in mouse milk
      during early lactation, but do not clarify the source.

PMID- 4047764
TI  - Zinc deficiency acts as a co-teratogen with alcohol in fetal alcohol syndrome.
AB  - Because alcoholism has adverse effects on zinc nutrition and many pregnant women
      consume less than the recommended dietary allowances of zinc, we postulated that
      zinc deficiency acts as a co-teratogen with alcohol in the fetal alcohol
      syndrome. We compared the effects of alcohol on progeny of pregnant mice fed a
      zinc-deficient diet compared to those fed a diet with adequate zinc. Pregnant CBA
      mice (n = 66) were fed the Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet with 0, 15, or 20% ethanol
      derived calories containing 0.3 (low) or 8.5 (high) micrograms zinc/ml. Dams were
      sacrificed on day 18 of gestation. Resorptions, malformations, and individual
      fetal weights were recorded. Analysis of fetuses included assays for zinc,
      assessment of soft tissue malformations, and alizarin red staining for skeletal
      malformations. Fetal weights were lower in the groups fed the zinc-deficient diet
      for each concentration of alcohol (p less than 0.005). The groups fed the
      combination of low zinc plus alcohol had 37-52% resorptions, while the animals on
      the zinc-deficient diet without alcohol or the high zinc diet with alcohol had 0
      2% resorptions. Skeletal malformations were related to alcohol concentration but
      not zinc intake, while external malformations were higher in those maintained on
      the low zinc-ethanol diet. These results suggest that zinc deficiency potentiated
      the teratogenic effects of alcohol and that nutritional intervention for
      alcoholic women during pregnancy might reduce the incidence or severity of fetal
      alcohol syndrome.

PMID- 4047765
TI  - Developmental changes in myocardial contractile reserve in the lamb.
AB  - We have assessed serial changes in myocardial contractility and reserve in the
      normal lamb over the first month of life using an in vivo adaptation of the
      endsystolic pressure-volume relationship. Via a left thoracotomy, we insert a
      catheter tip pressure transducer into the left ventricle, affix an echo
      transducer onto the left ventricular epicardium, place an electromagnetic flow
      transducer around the pulmonary artery, and insert catheters for monitoring and
      infusions. We measure contractility by generating left ventricular wall stress
      volume index (the cube of dimension) curves, at the same time increasing
      afterload by infusing phenylephrine. The slope of the endsystolic wall stress
      volume index relationship is our index of contractility. Weekly studies were
      performed at rest and during isoproterenol infusion in 12 animals, and after
      propranolol administration in four. The data showed a progressive decrease in
      resting contractility but no change in maximal contractility during isoproterenol
      infusion over the 4 wk. Taking each week separately, the average increase in
      contractility during isoproterenol infusion was small at 1 wk (13%), moderate at
      2 and 3 wk (24 and 26%, respectively), and large at 4 wk (79%). beta-Adrenergic
      blockade with propranolol caused a significant decrease in contractility in three
      of four animals studied at 1 wk, in only one of four animals at 2 wk, and in none
      of four animals at 3 or 4 wk. Thus, the newborn lamb shows a limited reserve in
      contractility that increases progressively with age; the limited reserve appears
      secondary to a high resting beta-adrenergic state.

PMID- 4047767
TI  - [Remarks on the subjects of nomenclature and classification of various forms of
      chronic arthritis in children].

PMID- 4047766
TI  - The effects of severe zinc deficiency on intestinal permeability: an
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - Evidence suggests that intestinal transport of water and electrolytes may be
      altered in zinc deficiency. We examined the structural features of intestinal
      epithelial cells of zinc-deficient rats using electron microscopy and assessed
      the integrity of the junctional complexes using a heavy metal tracer, lanthanum
      hydroxide. The absorptive cells, as well as Paneth cells and chromaffin cells,
      were not found to have ultrastructural changes of a consistent nature in zinc
      deficiency. Moreover, the integrity of the junctional complexes was found to be
      preserved. These findings suggest that the abnormalities in intestinal transport
      previously reported are not secondary to increased tight junction permeability in
      zinc deficiency.

PMID- 4047768
TI  - [Clinical forms of rheumatoid arthritis in children and adolescents in the light
      of our observations].

PMID- 4047769
TI  - [Clinical picture of rheumatoid arthritis in young children. Report II. Extra
      articular symptoms].

PMID- 4047770
TI  - [Articular symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis in young children].

PMID- 4047771
TI  - [Gastroscopic and morphological picture of gastric mucosa of children with
      rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 4047772
TI  - [Gastric secretion in rheumatoid arthritis in children].

PMID- 4047773
TI  - [Changes in gastrin level in the blood serum of children with rheumatoid
      arthritis].

PMID- 4047774
TI  - [Pulmonary changes in systemic lupus erythematosus in children in the light of
      our observations].

PMID- 4047776
TI  - [Health resort treatment of children with rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 4047775
TI  - [Eosinophilic fasciitis--its transition to systemic scleroderma].

PMID- 4047777
TI  - [Analysis of the validity of clinical diagnosis of deficiency rickets based on
      biochemical studies].

PMID- 4047778
TI  - [Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in children with
      delayed tooth eruption].

PMID- 4047779
TI  - [Role of the adrenergic system in the pathomechanism of functional disorders in
      puberty].

PMID- 4047780
TI  - [Psychoneurotic disorders in puberty and the activity of the adrenergic system].

PMID- 4047781
TI  - [Evaluation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in children with simple
      obesity].

PMID- 4047782
TI  - [Analysis of the causes of infantile cerebral palsy in 2 children from the same
      family].

PMID- 4047783
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of rickets caused by vitamin D deficiency. Directives
      of the Institute of Mother and Child].

PMID- 4047784
TI  - [Vitamin D metabolism in the body].

PMID- 4047785
TI  - [Role of the adrenergic system in physiological conditions and in stress].

PMID- 4047786
TI  - [Voluntary hyperventilation as a bronchial provocation test in children].

PMID- 4047787
TI  - [Chronic granulomatous disease in 2 children].

PMID- 4047788
TI  - [Familial form of hypoplastic anemia (Diamond-Blackfan syndrome)].

PMID- 4047789
TI  - [Prostaglandins in ontogenetic development of mammals].

PMID- 4047790
TI  - [Role of prostaglandins in ontogenetic development].

PMID- 4047791
TI  - [Echinocytic transformation of erythrocytes].

PMID- 4047792
TI  - Management of infants with severe respiratory failure and persistence of the
      fetal circulation, without hyperventilation.
AB  - The successful management of 15 infants suffering from persistence of fetal
      pulmonary circulation and in severe respiratory failure is presented. The
      treatment regimen focused on minimizing barotrauma. Infants were intubated
      nasotracheally and ventilated with intermittent mandatory ventilation. Peak
      inspiratory pressures were determined by the clinical assessment of chest
      excursion. Ventilator settings and fractional inspiratory oxygen (FiO2) were
      selected to maintain a PaO2 between 50 and 70 mm Hg; PaCO2 was not a controlling
      parameter and was allowed to increase as high as 60 mm Hg. Hyperventilation and
      muscle relaxants were not used. High ventilator rate was used in ten infants who
      required high inspiratory pressure to maintain chest excursion, with a favorable
      response in five. Tolazoline was given to 14 infants of whom ten showed an
      improvement in oxygenation; dopamine was given to three infants who were
      oliguric. All infants survived, and only one infant developed chronic lung
      disease which was defined by the infant's need for supplemental oxygen beyond 30
      days of life.

PMID- 4047793
TI  - Immunologic follow-up of infants treated with granulocyte transfusion for
      neonatal sepsis.
AB  - The immunologic status and the occurrence of alloimmunization against
      granulocytes, platelets, lymphocytes, and red cells was evaluated in 33 babies
      who received granulocyte transfusion because of neonatal sepsis. Nine age-matched
      babies were examined as control. A first group of 19 infants was examined only
      once between 6 and 23 months of age. Alloantibodies were searched by the
      following serologic methods: standard techniques for red cell antibodies;
      lymphocytotoxicity test; agglutination and immunofluorescence tests on
      granulocytes and platelets. No antibodies were demonstrated. The immunologic
      profile was investigated by determining the Ig levels, the percentage of E
      rosette-forming cells, and the lymphocyte blastic response to phytohemagglutinin
      and concanavalin A. Granulocyte function was studied by phagocytosis and killing
      of Candida. No significant differences were observed between treated and control
      babies. In a second group of 14 infants the occurrence of early immunization
      within 3 to 9 weeks after the last transfusion was investigated. No evidence of
      early immunization was found. The present data suggest that following neonatal
      granulocyte transfusion the risk of adverse immune reactions should be low.

PMID- 4047794
TI  - Risk factors for measles vaccine failure among immunized students.
AB  - An outbreak of measles occurred in a municipal school system which had reported
      98% of students immunized against measles. A case-control study was conducted to
      determine reasons for vaccine failure. Vaccine failure was associated with
      immunizations that could not be documented in the provider's records. Among
      children with provider-documented immunization, vaccine failure was associated
      with vaccination at 12 to 14 months of age with an odds ratio of 4.73. Among
      children vaccinated at 15 months or older, vaccine failure was not associated
      with time elapsed since vaccination. Studies should be conducted to determine
      whether unreliable immunization records are a more widespread problem. Further
      consideration should be given to routine revaccination of children previously
      vaccinated at 12 to 14 months of age.

PMID- 4047795
TI  - Mumps disease and its health impact: an outbreak-based report.
AB  - An outbreak of mumps in a middle school (grades 6 to 8) in Ohio during 1981 was
      investigated to describe the clinical findings, health impact, and costs.
      Individuals with clinical mumps in the middle school and in family members were
      questioned concerning symptoms, complications, hospitalizations, school days
      absent, and parental work days missed. There were 62 cases of clinical mumps in
      the middle school and 13 cases among family members. Parotitis lasted an average
      of 7.4 days and fever (if present) lasted an average of 2.5 days with a mean
      temperature of 38.6 degrees C (101.4 degrees F). The duration of parotitis and
      fever increased with age. Complications included encephalitis, aseptic
      meningitis, orchitis, oophoritis, mastitis, and pancreatitis. Visits to
      physicians were made by 62.7% (47/75) of the individuals with mumps for a total
      of 63 visits, and two patients were hospitalized for a total of six days. Persons
      who attended middle school missed an average of 4.9 days of school. The estimated
      direct and indirect costs associated with this outbreak were $2,460 and $1,353,
      respectively, or $51 per case. States lacking mumps immunization requirements
      experienced a three-times greater incidence of mumps in 1982 than States that
      required all school pupils to be immunized. We recommend that all States
      institute compulsory mumps school immunization laws for all school children.

PMID- 4047796
TI  - Effect of hypocalcemia on cardiac function in very-low-birth-weight preterm
      neonates: studies of blood ionized calcium, echocardiography, and cardiac effect
      of intravenous calcium therapy.
AB  - Traditionally, in infants, a serum calcium value less than 7.0 mg/dL is
      considered to impair cardiac function. In very-low-birth-weight infants, we
      studied the hypotheses that decline in serum calcium to 6.0 mg/dL (1) would not
      impair cardiac function and (2) ionized calcium would remain greater than 3.0
      mg/dL. We also evaluated the effect of calcium infusion on cardiac function. We
      studied 15 normokalemic and normonatremic infants whose birth weights were 822 to
      1,450 g and were less than 32 weeks' gestation. When serum calcium declined to
      less than 6.0 mg/dL, 18 mg/kg of calcium as 5% calcium gluconate was infused for
      10 minutes. Serum total calcium concentration, blood ionized calcium
      concentration, ECG, and M-mode echocardiogram were obtained on entry into the
      study, when the infants were hypocalcemic, immediately after treatment with
      calcium, and eight hours after treatment. Ionized calcium values were calculated
      based on serum total calcium and serum protein, and corrected calcium values were
      calculated based on serum total calcium, serum albumin, and blood pH. In all
      infants, serum calcium value declined to less than 7.0 and in eight infants to
      less than 6.0 mg/dL. Assessment of heart rate, systolic blood pressure, ejection
      fraction, left ventricular systolic time interval, right ventricular systolic
      time interval, fiber shortening index, and left ventricular mean velocity of
      circumferential fiber shortening showed no significant alteration from baseline
      during hypocalcemia or in association with intravenous slow bolus infusion of 18
      mg/kg of calcium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4047797
TI  - Clinical predictors of acute bacterial diarrhea in young children.
AB  - This prospective study assessed the value of presenting history, physical
      examination, and screening laboratory tests in predicting whether diarrhea in a
      young child is associated with a stool culture positive for a bacterial pathogen.
      Acutely ill children less than 4 years old were studied in a hospital outpatient
      setting. Two hundred patients were seen in a 9 1/2-month period, which
      encompassed the seasons of summer, fall, and winter. One hundred ninety-five
      patients had cultures completed and twenty-nine (15%) had a bacterial pathogen
      isolated. The best predictive variable for a stool culture positive for a
      bacterial pathogen was the presence of polymorphonuclear cells in the stool, with
      a sensitivity of 85%, a specificity of 88%, and positive and negative predictive
      values of 59% and 97%, respectively. A cluster of three historical variables-
      abrupt onset of diarrhea, greater than four stools per day, and no vomiting
      before the onset of diarrhea--was identified that delineated a subpopulation of
      patients with an increased probability of having a stool culture positive for a
      bacterial pathogen (27% v 4% if any of the three variables was absent). It is
      suggested that these findings can be combined in a stepwise manner using the
      historical cluster as an initial screening, followed by examination for stool
      polymorphonuclear cells in the high probability subgroup, to identify those
      patients with a very high probability of having a bacterial pathogen isolated in
      their stool.

PMID- 4047798
TI  - Chronic nonspecific diarrhea: the value of a preliminary observation period to
      assess diet therapy.
AB  - Eighteen children with chronic, nonspecific diarrhea were evaluated prospectively
      to determine "basal" fat consumption and the response of their diarrhea to diets
      containing either 25% or 50% of total calories as fat. In the observation period,
      prior to initiating any alteration in dietary fat content, diarrhea subsided.
      Only five of the 18 patients had a low fat intake (less than 27% of total
      calories) at the outset of the study, and spontaneous resolution of the diarrhea
      precluded an assessment of the effect of altering fat intake on stool frequency.
      We are, therefore, impressed that a preliminary observation period, in which
      details of the diarrhea are documented, is essential to evaluate any treatment
      modality for this poorly defined condition.

PMID- 4047800
TI  - Fatal and nonfatal farm injuries to children and adolescents in the United
      States.
AB  - Agriculture is the second most dangerous occupation in the United States, and
      unlike other occupations, children make up a significant portion of the work
      force. This study presents national data on the morbidity and mortality due to
      farm injuries to children and adolescents less than or equal to 19 years of age.
      Data sources used were 1979 to 1981 mortality statistics from the National Center
      for Health Statistics, farm injuries treated in emergency rooms as reported to
      National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (1979 to 1983), farm deaths
      investigated by the Consumer Product Safety Commission, and the 1980 census.
      Nearly 300 children and adolescents die each year from farm injuries, and 23,500
      suffer non-fatal trauma. The fatality rate increases with age of the child; the
      rate for 15- to 19-year-old boys is double that of young children and 26-fold
      higher than for girls. More than half (52.5%) die without ever reaching a
      physician; an additional 19.1% die in transit to a hospital, and only 7.4% live
      long enough to receive inpatient care. The most common cause of fatal and
      nonfatal injury is farm machinery. Tractors accounted for one half of these
      machinery-related deaths, followed by farm wagons, combines, and forklifts.
      Overall, 10% of children with nonfatal injuries require hospitalization, and one
      in 30 children younger than age of 5 years with a farm injury is hospitalized or
      dies. The magnitude of the problem requires the evaluation of a number of
      preventive strategies including legislation and improvement of emergency care in
      rural areas.

PMID- 4047799
TI  - Farm accidents in children.
AB  - During a 6 1/2 year period, 105 children were admitted to the hospital as the
      result of trauma that occurred on farms. The mechanism of injury was animal
      related in 42 (40%), tractor or wagon accident in 28 (26%), farm machinery in 21
      (20%), fall from farm building in six (6%), and miscellaneous in eight (8%).
      Injury Severity Score was calculated for each patient. An Injury Severity Score
      of greater than or equal to 25 was determined for 11 children (11%). Life
      threatening injuries, therefore, are frequently the result of childhood
      activities that take place in agricultural environments. The most common injuries
      were orthopedic, neurologic, thoracoabdominal, and maxillofacial. There was one
      death in the series, and only one survivor sustained major long-term disability.
      Such injuries are managed with optimal outcome in a regional trauma center.
      Educational programs with an emphasis on prevention and safety measures may
      reduce the incidence of farm accidents.

PMID- 4047801
TI  - Noisy toys: a possible source of sensorineural hearing loss.
AB  - This report focuses attention on the wide-spread availability of toys emitting
      harmfully loud noises.

PMID- 4047802
TI  - Home phototherapy treatment of neonatal jaundice.
AB  - A home phototherapy program for healthy, term newborns with hyperbilirubinemia (n
      = 62) was implemented, and results were compared prospectively with a group of
      term neonates who met enrollment criteria but were treated in-hospital (n = 55).
      The purpose of the study was to prospectively assess the feasibility, safety, and
      effectiveness of home phototherapy in treating uncomplicated neonatal jaundice.
      Infants were required to be greater than 24 hours old and to weigh at least 2,270
      g (5 lb). Enrolling physicians were instructed to select infants whose clinical
      diagnoses and bilirubin levels allowed an adequate margin of error for a trial of
      home phototherapy and whose parents were capable of managing the added
      responsibilities of home therapy. At the time the phototherapy equipment was
      delivered and set up in their home, parents received extensive instruction,
      including how to record pertinent ongoing data on a home flow sheet. Serum
      bilirubin levels were measured at least daily. The preponderant diagnosis listed
      by enrolling physicians was "physiologic jaundice." No parent reported
      significant complications, and no infant required rehospitalization. Bilirubin
      levels decreased as rapidly in the home group as in the hospitalized control
      group, and duration of treatment averaged 2.8 days. About $18,000 was saved by
      treating these 62 infants at home compared with in-hospital costs in our
      community. We found home phototherapy to be a feasible, safe, and effective
      alternative to in-hospital phototherapy for otherwise healthy, jaundiced infants
      with motivated and capable parents.

PMID- 4047804
TI  - Extrahepatic biliary atresia in one human leukocyte antigen identical twin.

PMID- 4047803
TI  - Transient thrombocytopenia in systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Three children have been presented who have had long-standing, typical systemic
      juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. They also had a transient illness with
      thrombocytopenia, antiplatelet antibodies, and the simultaneous appearance of
      anti-DNA antibodies and hypocomplementemia. Other single abnormalities included
      the development of a positive ANA, Coombs, and lupus bands test. All responded to
      high-dose steroid therapy. Their similar clinical and serologic findings are
      noteworthy and represent one of the numerous complications seen in patients with
      systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4047805
TI  - Percutaneous nephrostolithotomy: an alternative approach to the management of
      pediatric calculus disease.

PMID- 4047806
TI  - Home videorecording of "spells" in children.

PMID- 4047807
TI  - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and the play the winner rule.

PMID- 4047808
TI  - Attention deficit disorder.

PMID- 4047809
TI  - Vitamin E--how much is too much?

PMID- 4047810
TI  - Prevention of pertussis--are we failing?

PMID- 4047812
TI  - Peers, parents, and teens: in search of the perfect 10.

PMID- 4047811
TI  - Adolescents and substance abuse.

PMID- 4047813
TI  - American Academy of Pediatrics. Postpartum (neonatal) sibling visitation.
      Committee on fetus and newborn.

PMID- 4047814
TI  - Chronic lung disease of prematurity.

PMID- 4047815
TI  - Pediatricians and lactation management.

PMID- 4047816
TI  - Pancuronium risks.

PMID- 4047817
TI  - Propylene glycol plasma level.

PMID- 4047818
TI  - Smoking and asthma.

PMID- 4047819
TI  - Sex, drugs, rock 'n' roll: an introduction.
AB  - Despite their apparent physical health, adolescents frequently engage in
      behaviors that increase their risk of physical harm, jeopardize their future, and
      dismay their parents. Among these activities are sexual activity and drug use.
      This article will summarize data about the current levels of teenage pregnancy
      and drug use among teenagers and will critique the studies that produce this
      data. When viewed in perspective, levels of premature sexual activity and drug
      usage among teenagers may not be quite as alarming as previously thought.

PMID- 4047820
TI  - Sex, drugs, rock 'n' roll--understanding common teenage behavior. An adolescent
      medicine symposium. October 20, 1984 and April 2-5, 1985.

PMID- 4047821
TI  - Counseling parents of adolescents.
AB  - A certain amount of turmoil and stress is inevitable during adolescence. Parents
      of adolescents can help to reduce these by providing effective communication,
      enhancing their teenager's self-image, helping with decision-making, and using
      effective discipline. Resolution of the typical "independence-dependence"
      conflict using these principles will help produce responsible and independent
      adolescents rather than rebellious ones.

PMID- 4047822
TI  - Alcohol, television, and teenagers.
AB  - This paper examines alcohol use of young people and their TV viewing habits in
      terms of hours and kinds of programs watched. Content of TV programs is examined
      with regard to alcohol use by characters and the effects of such modeling on
      viewers' habits. Ads for alcoholic beverages in print and on TV are discussed and
      the results of studies are presented. Recommendations are suggested for the TV
      industry as well as for viewers in order to minimize the effects of alcohol as a
      socially desirable and tension-reducing substance.

PMID- 4047823
TI  - Adolescent contraception: an update.
AB  - Increased adolescent sexual activity in the past decade has resulted in
      corresponding increases in pregnancy, childbirth, and abortion, as well as a
      changing spectrum of sexually transmitted diseases. Contraceptive use in this age
      group remains limited and is subject to developmental, peer, family, and cultural
      influences. The most appropriate contraceptive methods may differ among
      adolescents when compared with older parous women based upon such factors as
      efficacy, availability, cost, side effects, reversibility, and the need for
      preplanning. This review updates changes in patterns of contraceptive use among
      adolescents, presents recent data on both the benefits and the potential risks of
      the oral contraceptive pill, and addresses the risk of complications with the
      intrauterine device. The possible teratogenicity of spermicides, the risk of
      toxic shock syndrome with barrier methods of contraception, and controversy about
      the use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate are explored. Newly introduced
      methods such as the triphasic pill, vaginal sponge, cervical cap, spermicidal
      condom, and a simplified approach to postcoital contraception are discussed.
      Finally, recent compliance studies conducted among adolescents are reviewed.

PMID- 4047824
TI  - Tough love: help for parents with troubled teenagers--reorganizing the hierarchy
      in disorganized families.
AB  - There has been confusion among professionals and the public about the purpose and
      appropriateness of the "tough love" approach to parenting troubled teenagers.
      This article addresses some of the questions and tries to clarify misconceptions
      about the tough love approach. A description of a model "Tough Love"
      training/support group and results of parent feedback surveys are included to
      provide a clearer picture of the goals and effectiveness of tough love.

PMID- 4047825
TI  - Divorce and the American teenager.
AB  - Divorce is woven into the fabric of today's American society, and parents and
      professionals alike are concerned about the effects of divorce on children of all
      ages. Research in this area is in its infancy, particularly research about how
      divorce effects teenagers, but research thus far has helped us to appreciate that
      divorce is difficult for children of all ages. This paper considers the effects
      of divorce on teenagers by drawing from existing research and clinical
      experiences with teenagers. The focus of this presentation is how teenagers feel
      when parents divorce and how they behave in response to divorce. The purpose of
      this focus is to provide those who interact with teenagers a greater
      understanding of how teenagers react to divorce.

PMID- 4047827
TI  - Sex, drugs, rock 'n' roll: are solutions possible?--A commentary.
AB  - Understanding the demographics of teenage pregnancy and teenage drug abuse is far
      easier than thinking of solutions to either. Nevertheless, solutions--at least
      partial solutions--do exist. Several successful programs and their essential
      components are discussed. Prevention of early teenage drug and sexual
      experimentation intersect in several key areas: the family, the media, the role
      of the physician, the appropriateness of prevention, and the need to understand
      what is normal adolescent behavior. Only when these dual problems are thoroughly
      understood and their etiologies in adult society are acknowledged will attempts
      at "solutions" be successful.

PMID- 4047826
TI  - Adolescent sexuality: elements and genesis.
AB  - To address the topic of adolescent sexuality and the elements that go into its
      genesis and evolution, it is necessary to determine when human sexuality, as a
      body system functioning independently from the human reproductive system, begins
      to function. In the case of the male, this has been shown by ultrasound
      technology to be at approximately 17 weeks of gestation, and subsequent
      developmental stages in both sexes are based on the three primary areas in human
      development: body, mind, sexuality. Positive aspects of sexual socialization are
      shown to depend on attitudes of parents, of society, of health and caring
      professionals, and of the child itself, to whom it is as important a part of its
      being as are body and mind. Significant research carried out in different parts
      of the world on childhood sexuality is cited and discussed with its possible long
      term meanings, effects, and possible prevention of the current apparent increase
      in childhood sexual molestation. The need for a massive paradigm shift on the
      parts of professionals, parents, and society in viewing, nurturing, and
      protecting the sexuality of infancy and early childhood is emphasized.

PMID- 4047829
TI  - [Deficiency of local cellular immunity in children with lung diseases].

PMID- 4047828
TI  - [Clinico-roentgenologic diagnosis of bronchitis, bronchiolitis and
      bronchopneumonia in young children].

PMID- 4047830
TI  - [Results of antibacterial treatment of children with acute pneumonia].

PMID- 4047831
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and nonspecific lung diseases in
      prepubertal children and adolescents].

PMID- 4047832
TI  - [Effect of smoking on the respiratory function of the lungs in adolescents].

PMID- 4047833
TI  - [Characteristics of leukocyte antigens in children with congenital developmental
      defects].

PMID- 4047834
TI  - [Early diagnosis and prevention of biliary calculi in children].

PMID- 4047835
TI  - [Course of pylorostenosis accompanied by jaundice in newborn infants].

PMID- 4047836
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of recurring high intestinal obstruction as a principal sign of
      developmental disorders of the small intestine].

PMID- 4047837
TI  - [Risk factors and early diagnosis of biliary tract diseases in children].

PMID- 4047838
TI  - [Immunoglobulin E in food monosensitivity and combined sensitivity in children].

PMID- 4047839
TI  - [Lipid metabolism in children at risk for obesity and with obesity].

PMID- 4047840
TI  - [Central hemodynamics in children with lymphogranulomatosis in remission].

PMID- 4047841
TI  - [Improving the prehospital diagnosis of congenital pylorostenosis in children].

PMID- 4047842
TI  - [Treatment of children with strangulated inguinal hernias (based on data from a
      central district hospital)].

PMID- 4047843
TI  - [Intravital diagnosis of a left ventricular myxoma in a 9-year-old girl].

PMID- 4047845
TI  - [Hereditary forms of bird-headed dwarfism].

PMID- 4047844
TI  - [Case of effective use of extracorporeal hemosorption in treating burn injury in
      an 18-month-old infant].

PMID- 4047846
TI  - [Mondor's disease in a child].

PMID- 4047847
TI  - [Indices of hemorheology and microcirculation in rheumatoid arthritis in
      children].

PMID- 4047848
TI  - [Functional status of the erythrocyte system and features of the pathogenesis of
      anemia in rheumatoid arthritis in children].

PMID- 4047849
TI  - [Hormones of the pituitary and adrenal cortex in children with hypoplastic states
      of hematopoiesis].

PMID- 4047850
TI  - [Bony complications in x-ray images in sickle-cell anemia in children].

PMID- 4047851
TI  - [Subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes in children of different age
      groups].

PMID- 4047852
TI  - [Features of the functioning of the lymphoid system in children of preschool age
      during different seasons of the year].

PMID- 4047853
TI  - [Clinico-morphologic parallels in lymphogranulomatosis in children].

PMID- 4047854
TI  - [Clinico-x-ray-radiologic manifestations of skeletal lesions in Hodgkin's disease
      in children].

PMID- 4047855
TI  - [Value of the sanatorium-health resort stage in the complex continuous treatment
      of children and adolescents].

PMID- 4047856
TI  - [Roentgenologic criteria of extent and results of treatment of lesions of
      mediastinal structures in lymphogranulomatosis in children].

PMID- 4047857
TI  - ["Internal image of the disease" in children with acute leukemia].

PMID- 4047858
TI  - [Instruction of pediatricians on matters of child nutrition].

PMID- 4047859
TI  - [Etiologic characteristics of severe forms of pneumonia in children].

PMID- 4047860
TI  - [Role of biologically active substances in the pathogenesis of meningococcal
      infection in children].

PMID- 4047861
TI  - [Most common causes of obstruction of the lower respiratory tract in children].

PMID- 4047862
TI  - [Clinical course of epidemic parotitis in children and hemogram indices].

PMID- 4047863
TI  - [Correction of intracellular metabolism in acute pneumonia in young children].

PMID- 4047864
TI  - [Role of roentgenologic studies in the diagnosis of heart defects in children].

PMID- 4047865
TI  - [Experience in introducing the results of scientific research from the study of
      allergic diathesis into public health practice].

PMID- 4047866
TI  - [Ways of optimizing methods of increasing the qualifications of pediatricians in
      organizing rational nutrition of young children].

PMID- 4047867
TI  - [Recurrences of meningococcal infection].

PMID- 4047868
TI  - [Necrobiosis of the skin in children with diabetic mellitus and methods of
      treating it].

PMID- 4047869
TI  - [Case of torsion of the left uterine adnexae in a 7-year-old girl].

PMID- 4047870
TI  - [2 cases of congenital lobar pulmonary emphysema in children].

PMID- 4047871
TI  - [Diagnosis of thrombocytopathies].

PMID- 4047872
TI  - Effect of suggestion on perception: replication of Gheorghiu and Reyher's study.
AB  - Gheorghiu and Reyher in 1982 described a Scale of Sensory Suggestibility
      consisting of an indirect-direct method of assessing suggestibility. In this
      study a further sample of 81 women was tested on Gheorghiu and Reyher's scale.
      The scale has tactual, auditory, and visual items. Each item was administered to
      the left and right sides of the body in random sequence and the method of
      presentation was varied. The scale is indirect in that the announced stimuli are
      never presented to participants, contrary to their expectations; it is direct
      because the subjects are cautioned that a stimulus might not actually be
      presented. The scale showed acceptable internal consistency. There were no right
      left side differences. The methods of presentation were not equally successful.
      Progressive Intensification and Progressive Decrease in Intensification of
      stimulation were the most successful, whereas Expectation of series without
      objective stimuli was the least successful, contrary to Georghiu and Reyher's
      results. Finally, item analysis showed that all the items had high reliability
      coefficients, except two auditory and one visual items. Implications for clinical
      practice were discussed.

PMID- 4047873
TI  - Recognition of facial affect in depression.
AB  - 25 depressed patients recognized a sad face with more errors than 25 normal
      persons and labeled other expressions as sadness when affective content was not
      recognized. Correct recognitions for 6 affects were related to the portion of the
      face depicted. Comparisons of responses of 25 patients diagnosed as having
      anxiety neuroses showed differences in responses from the depressed patients and
      normal persons.

PMID- 4047874
TI  - Perceptual information for batting can be extracted throughout a ball's
      trajectory.
AB  - Studies of batters' eye movements have demonstrated that batters do not (or
      cannot) maintain fixation on the ball throughout its trajectory. In addition, the
      velocity of a pitched ball, together with the limitations of human reaction time,
      seems to imply that only the first portions of the ball's trajectory provide
      information to batters. We prevented nine experienced fast pitch softball players
      from viewing the ball during the first, middle, or last third of its trajectory
      and found that seeing the first third of the ball's trajectory is not as critical
      as had been thought: batters are very good at making do with whichever two-thirds
      of the ball's trajectory is visible. The results demonstrate the importance of
      peripheral vision and indicate that batters can extract perceptual information
      for batting throughout the flight of the ball.

PMID- 4047875
TI  - Development and validation of the safety locus of control scale.
AB  - The Safety Locus of Control Scale was designed to predict employees' accidents
      and injuries. Internal scorers think they should assume personal responsibility
      for their safety, and they believe they can take preventive steps to avoid
      accidents. External scorers assume little personal responsibility for prevention
      of accidents. Instead, they place more blame on factors outside their control,
      such as luck or chance. This study showed that the safety scale was effective in
      differentiating between groups with varying accident histories, which supports
      the criterion-related validity of the scale.

PMID- 4047876
TI  - Waiting times in physicians' offices: an informal look.

PMID- 4047877
TI  - Visual memory in a spelling matching task: comparison of good and poor spellers.
AB  - The role of visual memory in learning to spell words was investigated through a
      matching task on which one nonsense word was presented, then a second word
      identical in spelling or differing in one letter was presented. Ten pairs of 9th
      and 10th-grade students, matched for intelligence and sex but of different
      spelling ability, were asked to indicate whether word pairs were spelled the same
      or differently. The two words of a pair were either the same or different in
      print size or letter case. Significant effects were obtained for spelling
      ability, print size (same or different), and letter case (same or different), and
      the interaction of size X case, providing evidence for the use of visual memory
      by both good and poor spellers in learning to spell words. Good spellers were
      equally able to identify matched and mismatched pairs, while poor spellers showed
      greater difficulty in identifying mismatches than matches, supporting Frith's
      (1980) "partial cues" explanation of poor spelling performance.

PMID- 4047878
TI  - Comparison of memory skills in learning disabled, low-reading, and nondisabled
      adolescents.
AB  - Concerns are raised regarding the samples used in studies of learning disabled
      children. In this study, subjects were 56 high school students; 10 exhibited
      perceptual or processing difficulties ("learning disabled"), 15 performed poorly
      on reading achievement tests ("low readers"), and 31 showed no scholastic
      problems ("nondisabled"). Scores of the three groups were compared on nine memory
      tasks involving either auditory or visual input and encompassing a wide variety
      of content (digits, pictures, related and unrelated words, paired-associates, or
      sentences). The nondisabled group performed significantly better than the
      learning disabled group on all but one of the tasks. The low readers' performance
      was similar to that of the learning disabled group for some tasks, but
      significantly different on other tasks, most notably on tasks involving visual
      factors. Implications for research with learning disabled populations are
      discussed.

PMID- 4047879
TI  - Interposition and size constancy: a developmental study.
AB  - 27 children (mean age 6.7 yr.) and 84 adults (mean age 26.3 yr.) were asked to
      judge the sizes of human figures in photographs. Half the cards contained
      interpositional depth cues while the other half did not. Both groups of subjects
      showed better size constancy with interposition present than without it.

PMID- 4047880
TI  - Spiral aftereffect in assessment of brain damage.
AB  - The potential role of the Archimedes spiral aftereffect, an illusory negative
      aftereffect of apparent movement, in the assessment of brain damage has been the
      subject of investigation by clinicians for over thirty years. The results bearing
      on its utility have been highly equivocal. This paper reviews the more important
      studies, identifies salient issues, and suggests directions for research into
      brain damage using this intriguing procedure.

PMID- 4047881
TI  - Processing of form: further evidence for the necessity of attention.
AB  - Using the materials and general procedure described by Rock and Gutman (1981),
      160 subjects were required to attend selectively to a series of 10 red or green
      outlines of two overlapping contours. Immediately afterwards, six groups of 20
      subjects were administered various kinds of recognition tests involving attended,
      unattended, or new figures, and two groups of 20 were asked to provide affect
      ratings of the test stimuli. Consistent with the findings of Rock and Gutman in
      1981, attended outlines were selected as old more often than unattended or new
      ones. Although some data in a single-stimulus condition suggested that the
      unattended forms were "discriminated negatively," this effect was not replicated
      with forced-choice testing. Over-all, there was little evidence that, on
      unattended forms, subjects were significantly more accurate, differentially
      confident or displayed more liking than on new ones. These results are
      interpreted as supporting the view that attention is required for the cognitive
      representation of form.

PMID- 4047882
TI  - Interference effects in the picture-word stroop task.
AB  - Line drawings of common objects with an embedded three-or four-letter word or
      scrambled word were presented either to the right or left visual field. Subjects
      were to name the line drawing of a common object as fast and as accurately as
      possible. Reaction times and response accuracy were recorded and analyzed.
      Percent errors were significantly higher when a line drawing with a word was
      presented in the right visual field than in the left visual field. Sex of subject
      was not significant. This finding is analogous to results found when the color
      word Stroop task is used.

PMID- 4047883
TI  - Ice cream preference: the relationship of cost and quality.
AB  - Junior high students showed a preference for inexpensive ice cream while adults
      preferred more expensive ice cream; university students were in a middle
      position. It appears that taste for more expensive ice cream is associated with
      age, but it is not clear whether this is learned although it appears to be
      inasmuch as it is not universal across the various groups.

PMID- 4047884
TI  - Are we any closer to understanding divided attention?
AB  - The present paper reports a replication of work by Hirst, Neisser, and Spelke,
      which requires extensive practice on two coupled tasks (reading and writing) at
      once. The results highlight the importance of individual differences in any
      consideration of divided attention.

PMID- 4047885
TI  - Word-association responses to time-altered stimuli by schizophrenic adults.
AB  - This research addressed the relationship between the speed of presentation of
      stimuli through the auditory and visual modalities and the number of syntagmatic
      and paradigmatic word-association responses of 49 chronic undifferentiated
      schizophrenic adults. In word-association tests administered to subjects stimuli
      were balanced for frequency of occurrence in written English language (frequent,
      infrequent), word length (long, short), abstraction level (low, medium, high),
      and part of speech (noun, verb, adjective). The words were presented auditorily
      at normal speed (equivalent to 10 phonemes per second) and at half speed
      (equivalent to 5 phonemes per second) speech. Words were also presented visually,
      using a tachistoscope, at extended fixation speed (equivalent to 1,000 msec.) and
      at sweep speed (equivalent to 10 msec.). More paradigmatic responses occurred on
      word stimuli if nouns, long, and frequently occurring presented auditorily; and
      if concrete, nouns, and presented slowly and visually. Results were compared to
      previously reported data for aphasic and normal adults, and differentiating
      features and clinical implications were discussed.

PMID- 4047886
TI  - Closed-head injury in children: neuropsychological and scholastic outcomes.

PMID- 4047887
TI  - Nonveridical factors of visual perception and close following on the road.
AB  - Close following on the road, identified as contributing to accidents, may be
      partly explained as an involuntary response to nonveridical perceptual factors.
      These factors concern (a) underestimation of the driver's own speed and (b)
      incorrect estimations of the distance away and speed of the vehicle ahead of the
      driver.

PMID- 4047888
TI  - Geophysical variables and behavior: XXIX. Impact of atmospheric conditions on
      occurrences of individual violence among Canadian penitentiary populations.
AB  - This project studied the effects of weather variables and size of the population
      on minor and major violence rates within six prisons in the Kingston, Ontario,
      Canada area from January, 1980 through December, 1983. While weather variables
      have been studied in relation to mood changes within the general population, this
      study was the first to analyze the impact of weather variables on rates of
      violence within the prison setting using forward inclusion multiple regression.
      Analysis showed that population size consistently appeared positively correlated
      with assaults on other inmates among the male medium-security prisoners during
      the summer months. In the summer months, temperature tended to be positively
      related to some minor kinds of offenses, but in the winter months the
      relationship was negative. Humidity, rain, sunshine hours, snow, and snow on the
      ground were not consistently related to incidences of minor and major violence.
      Indices of geomagnetic disturbances had statistically significant inverse
      relationships with attempted suicide/self-inflicted injury rates among the male
      prisoners during the summer months. Over 12 months, wind was generally negatively
      correlated with incidences of major and minor violence among the male inmates.
      For 6-mo. periods, wind was generally positively correlated with violence rates
      during the winter months and negatively correlated during the summer months among
      the male inmates. The findings relating weather variables to violence rates in
      the women's prison were consistently in opposition to those found for male
      prisoners during the 4-yr. period.

PMID- 4047889
TI  - Field dependence as a limiting factor in solving a complex learning problem.
AB  - Subjects in a prior study of complex learning often experienced difficulty in
      mastering the task because of an apparent reluctance to release one perceptual
      field and reconstrue the task on a higher cognitive level. It was hypothesized
      that were this the correct explanation, the faster learners would be more field
      independent on a measure of field dependence, since independence has been defined
      in terms of ease in releasing one's attention from the immediate perceptual
      field. This hypothesis was tested with 22 undergraduate subjects for whom Group
      Embedded Figures Test scores were correlated with the number of trials to
      completion on the complex learning task. A moderate but significant correlation
      supported the hypothesis.

PMID- 4047890
TI  - Effects of stimulus characteristics and sex of subject on perceived emotion.
AB  - To determine the influence of pupil size, eye size, sex of stimulus face, and sex
      of subject on perceived emotion, 308 college students filled in missing features
      on stimulus faces. Each face was independently rated by two male judges on a
      continuum of negative to positive emotion. Analysis indicated that sex of subject
      was the only variable to affect perceived emotion. Women (n = 175) tended to draw
      faces that were judged to be more positive than faces drawn by men (n = 133).

PMID- 4047891
TI  - Race differences in selection of cheese color.

PMID- 4047892
TI  - Health locus of control and voluntary use of seat belts among high school
      students.
AB  - An 18-item Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale published by Wallston,
      Wallston, and DeVellis in 1978 was given to 124 high school students, 59 of whom
      wore seat belts and 65 of whom did not. It was hypothesized that nonseat-belt
      wearers were more likely to be externally oriented than seat-belt wearers but
      this was not confirmed. Strong scoring internal subjects were not found in this
      sample of students.

PMID- 4047893
TI  - Health locus of control of joggers and nonexercisers.
AB  - To gain a better understanding of why some people engage in regular leisure-time
      physical exercise while others remain sedentary, the Multidimensional Health
      Locus of Control scale was distributed to 123 younger joggers and 93
      nonexercisers. Analysis of the responses indicated that the joggers scored
      significantly higher on the internal subscale than did the nonexercisers. No
      significant differences were found on the Chance and Powerful Others subscales.
      The disparity of these results from those of other studies of the relationship
      between locus of control and exercise suggest that an exercise specific locus of
      control scale needs to be developed. The confound of age with exercise and locus
      of control requires clarification.

PMID- 4047894
TI  - Wechsler performance IQ deficit in depressed children.
AB  - The original analysis of data on 100 consecutive school age children referred for
      evaluation of school difficulties showed no differences in IQ among the children
      with depression and those without depression. Reanalysis of those data shows that
      a significant number of the depressed children (but not the nondepressed
      children) have a 15-IQ point Wechsler Performance IQ deficit. This supports the
      contention that a major subgroup of depressed individuals have right cerebral
      hemisphere dysfunction.

PMID- 4047895
TI  - Note on stimulus error and the experienced subject in psychophysical research.
AB  - Experienced subjects participate in some psychophysical research. While they may
      be more responsive to experimental stimuli than naive subjects, they may not be
      immune from stimulus error, the tendency for subjects to bias their responses
      given known physical characteristics of the stimulus. A brief examination of the
      literature concerning processing of changing sound-level and visual spatial
      frequency may support this contention.

PMID- 4047896
TI  - Some effects of congenital spasticity on fundamental frequency.
AB  - 5 normal speakers and 5 speakers with congenital upper motor-neuron damage
      repeatedly spoke a three-work sentence stressing the first, second, or third
      words. Fundamental frequency was measured for each word and over each sentence.
      Analysis showed that the spastics' mean fundamental frequency was significantly
      higher than the normals', regardless of utterance. Also, spastics were more
      restricted in their prosodic maneuvering above this average fundamental
      frequency. Despite this finding, the spastics were capable of producing
      consistent stress patterns with normal variability.

PMID- 4047897
TI  - Is perceptual set negatively biased?
AB  - Binocular rivalry and the Margaret Thatcher illusion were used to assess the
      bias, if any, of perceptual set. The data for 8 students suggest that set is
      negatively biased.

PMID- 4047898
TI  - Effects of a paradoxical intervention on a child's anxiety about sleep- and
      sports-related performance.
AB  - A paradoxical instruction was used to treat a 10-yr.-old boy's complaint of
      crying when unable to sleep and the daytime equivalent of fearing the public
      display of crying when failing at sports performances. The instruction resolved
      both the sleep disturbance and the public crying. The results suggest that, like
      adults, children may experience anxiety about sleep difficulties and that
      paradoxical intention may have promise for the treatment of some children's
      insomnia.

PMID- 4047899
TI  - Comparison of WAIS and WAIS-R scaled scores for an outpatient clinic sample
      retested over extended intervals.
AB  - High correlations were obtained between WAIS and WAIS-R scores for an outpatient
      clinic sample tested and retested over extended periods. While the WAIS-R scores
      were generally lower than the WAIS values, the decrements were slight, suggesting
      that a previously administered WAIS can serve as a good estimate of what might be
      obtained from a second administration of the WAIS-R for this type of sample.

PMID- 4047900
TI  - Hemispheric symmetry in contrast and orientation sensitivity.

PMID- 4047901
TI  - Temporal masking level differences for transients: further evidence for a short
      term integrator.

PMID- 4047904
TI  - Subjective zeros, subjectively equal stimulus spacing, and contraction biases in
      very first judgments of lightness.

PMID- 4047903
TI  - Infants' sensitivity to the depth cue of shading.

PMID- 4047902
TI  - The effects of ingested alcohol on accommodation.

PMID- 4047905
TI  - Mental rotation and visual familiarity.

PMID- 4047906
TI  - Perceptual salience of form versus material as a function of variations in
      spacing and number of elements.

PMID- 4047907
TI  - Assimilation and contrast of perceived length depend on temporal factors.

PMID- 4047908
TI  - Early light adaptation in young, middle-aged, and older observers.

PMID- 4047909
TI  - Infants' sensitivity to familiar size: the effect of memory on spatial
      perception.

PMID- 4047910
TI  - Letter-naming as a function of intensity, degradation, S-R compatibility, and
      practice.

PMID- 4047911
TI  - Individual differences in processing stimulus dimensions: relation to selective
      processing abilities.

PMID- 4047912
TI  - Spectral integration based on common amplitude modulation.

PMID- 4047913
TI  - Formulation of a stable p-acetylaminohippurate infusion fluid and determination
      of the serum concentrations.
AB  - An infusion fluid with p-acetylaminohippurate (PACAH) was formulated and a method
      for analysis of PACAH in serum, urine and infusion fluid based on reversed phase
      HPLC was developed. No significant degradation could be observed after steam
      sterilization for twenty minutes at 120 degrees C. From the results of an
      investigation of the degradation rate at elevated temperatures a negligible loss
      of content during storage for three years at 20 degrees C could be predicted.
      Steady state serum concentrations of PACAH after constant infusion were
      determined.

PMID- 4047914
TI  - Comparison of linear and tapered intravenous infusion of methotrexate in
      oncochemotherapy. A theoretical approach.
AB  - In oncochemotherapy with methotrexate (MTX) a peripheral concentration greater
      than 0.45 mg/l and a plasma concentration less than 45 mg/l must be maintained
      for 20 h. The time periods required to reach and maintain steady-state
      concentrations after tapered and linear intravenous infusion were compared.
      Pharmacokinetic analyses according to a two-compartment model were used to
      calculate dosage regimens and concentration profiles by means of the Bayesian
      General Modelling Program (BM) and NONLIN. When the dosage regimen is based on a
      steady-state concentration in the peripheral compartment (which is the target
      compartment for MTX) tapered infusion reaches this concentration 40% faster and
      maintains it 12.5% longer, but no difference is found if the dosage regimen is
      based on a steady-state concentration in the central compartment. In theory the
      two-step 24-hour tapered infusion can be replaced by a bolus injection plus
      linear infusion in the ratio 1:2 of the total dose. These dosage regimens are to
      be preferred over linear infusion.

PMID- 4047915
TI  - Determination of ethinyloestradiol in the presence of norethisterone by
      derivative-difference spectrophotometry.
AB  - A simple and direct method for the determination of ethinyloestradiol as a minor
      component in the presence of norethisterone and in oral contraceptive tablets is
      presented. The method is based on measuring the signal intensity, d delta A/d
      lambda and d2 delta A/d lambda 2, of the generated first and second derivative
      spectra of the delta-absorbance curves obtained by measuring solutions in
      methanol and methanol-sodium hydroxide at certain wavelengths. The method has
      been applied to the determination of ethinyloestradiol in oral contraceptive
      tablets, with a coefficient of variation of less than 2%.

PMID- 4047916
TI  - Further investigations of valepotriates in the Valerianaceae.
AB  - Four species of Valeriana from Costa Rica and Peru were analysed for
      valepotriates: V. pulchella, V. priophylla, V. condamoana and V. micropterina.
      The highest amount of total valepotriates was found in the rhizomes of V.
      prionophylla.

PMID- 4047917
TI  - Load bearing and suspension characteristics of airsplint as a temporary
      prosthesis.
AB  - Maximum weight bearing observed, using a static weighing scale, in above-knee
      amputees wearing an airsplint, with a foot, was 10 kg and in below-knee amputees
      11 kg with inflation pressures of 40 mmHg. While airsplints with a foot permitted
      greater weight bearing before deformation occurred, the increase is judged to be
      of little clinical advantage. Use of an airsplint without a foot would be more
      efficient for immediate post-operative dressing and for early ambulation in the
      parallel bars as it is less cumbersome and not subject to toe drag in the swing
      phase of gait. With the type of airsplints studied inflation pressures above 45
      mmHg offered no advantage in terms of weight bearing in the below-knee amputee.
      In the above-knee amputee similarly, inflation pressures over 40 mmHg offered no
      advantage and had the effect of reducing the suspension of the prosthesis on the
      stump.

PMID- 4047918
TI  - Prosthesis with electric elbow and hand for a three-year-old multiply handicapped
      child.
AB  - The usefulness of wisely prescribed powered components in the rehabilitation of
      upper extremity amputees has long been recognized (Schmidl, 1973). Their value is
      especially evident in the prosthetic rehabilitation of high level adult and child
      amputees (Heger et al, 1985). In recent years, manufacturers of prosthetic
      hardware have provided practitioners with a wide selection of either myo
      electrically or switch controlled electromechanical components and systems. As a
      rule, however, most commercially available components are designed to serve the
      adult amputee and do not lend themselves for use in the prosthetic rehabilitation
      of children. One current exception is the availability of child-size electric
      hands. The availability of the world's first child-size electric hand in 1970 at
      the Ontario Crippled Children's Centre later known as the Variety Village 105
      hand, gave tremendous impetus to the fitting of younger children with externally
      powered components and myoelectric control systems. However, this trend served to
      benefit the young below-elbow patient only (Sorbye et al, 1972). The successful
      fitting of higher amputation levels in this age group stopped at the elbow level.
      Existing artificial elbows such as the Variety Village and Hosmer elbow with
      their necessary powerpacks are simply too bulky and too heavy for pre-school age
      children. The need for a lightweight compact electric elbow, suitable for 3-8
      year old children, still has not been addressed. This single case report
      illustrates an innovative and successful conversion of a 6-3/4 Otto Bock hand
      into a small electric elbow. The idea was first proposed by Schmidl (1973).

PMID- 4047919
TI  - Restoration of walking in patients with incomplete spinal cord injuries by use of
      surface electrical stimulation--preliminary results.
AB  - A group of patients who are good candidates for the application of Functional
      Electrical Stimulation (FES) to restore reciprocal walking is described. They
      have incomplete lesions of the spinal cord. Because of the degree of preserved
      voluntary control, proprioception and sensation some of these patients can
      achieve crutch assisted walking by means of multichannel electrical stimulation.
      In a number of cases the patient has sufficient strength and voluntary control in
      the upper limbs and at least one leg to provide safe standing for short periods
      in forearm crutches. For these patients a two channel stimulator controlled by a
      handswitch was applied to achieve safe and practical crutch assisted walking in a
      relatively short period of time.

PMID- 4047920
TI  - A new directly moulded patellar-tendon-bearing socket.
AB  - Silicone rubbers and casting tapes individually have previously been used in the
      manufacture of sockets (Swanson, 1972; Sweitzer, 1973; Ruder, 1977; Graves, 1980;
      Aqualite, 1982). The authors believe that the present combination of these
      materials to manufacture a directly moulded socket with a complete silicone
      rubber lining of variable thickness has not previously been described. The new
      socket, after addition of the modular components, allows fitting of an aligned
      below-knee prosthesis within three hours. The socket (Fig. 1.) is made directly
      on the below-knee stump, can be completed with experience in an hour and does not
      require the use of specialized equipment. The socket consists of an outer
      supportive Scotchflex layer inside which is a lining of soft smooth biocompatible
      silicone rubber of deliberately variable thickness to allow pressure tolerant
      areas to accept more load and pressure sensitive areas to accept less load
      (Fig.2). The thicker areas of silicone are produced by applying carefully cut
      Plastazote pads to the pressure sensitive areas. The thickness and extent of the
      pads is individually assessed according to the estimated sensitivity of the
      particular area (Fig. 3). The Scotchflex socket is then manufactured directly on
      the below-knee stump with these pads applied. The pads are then removed prior to
      insertion of a semi-liquid silicone rubber. Thus, when the socket with the liquid
      silicone rubber is re-applied to the stump, the space produced by the pads is
      filled by the rubber which then sets at room temperature. In this way a layer of
      variable thickness is produced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4047921
TI  - Three point dynamic orthosis.
AB  - The present method of static three point bracing is unsatisfactory. The static
      type orthosis becomes ineffectual in reducing flexion deformities in upper and
      lower extremities and requires constant adjustment as the contractures are
      reduced. A three point dynamic orthosis using a flexible rod construction has
      been designed to contain and reduce flexion deformities. This orthosis has
      certain advantages over the static type and has been used successfully in
      children with contractures due to cerebral palsy and burns.

PMID- 4047922
TI  - A review of employment patterns of industrial amputees--factors influencing
      rehabilitation.
AB  - More than 1,000 industrial amputees at the Ontario Workers' Compensation Board
      were reviewed. The study investigated the current employment status of amputees
      and the factors that influenced successful return to work post-amputation. The
      data obtained from a mailed questionnaire was analysed by the Statistical
      Analysis System. The results revealed that 89% of amputees returned to work after
      an amputation. The average follow-up post-amputation was 14 years with a range of
      one to 64 years. At the time of review the current employment status of amputees
      was as follows: 51% full time employed, 5% part-time employed, 25% retired and 8%
      unemployed. The remainder were engaged in a vocational activity, still recovering
      or were not seeking work. The data revealed that amputees typically changed jobs
      when returning to the work force. Amputees returned to jobs that were less
      physically demanding, but required greater intellectual skills in occupations
      such as clerical and service industries. Factors including prosthetic use,
      vocational services, and a younger age at the time of amputation were identified
      as being positively associated with a return to work. Those factors that were
      negatively related to successful employment included stump and phantom limb pain
      and multiple limb amputations. The study concluded that the majority of the
      amputees reviewed were successful in returning to work. The authors suggest that
      amputees benefit from treatment programmes that include medical, prosthetic and
      vocational services.

PMID- 4047923
TI  - A study on the value of the modified KBM prosthesis compared with other types of
      prosthesis.
AB  - A study is reported on the value of a modified KBM prosthesis compared with other
      types of prostheses. Recently a new type of below-knee prosthesis (the so called
      modified KBM prosthesis) was introduced in the Netherlands. This prosthesis is
      now frequently used as a substitute for more conventional types. A study was
      carried out on the value of this new prosthesis, compared with the more
      conventional types, by means of a questionnaire sent to a group of patients who
      formerly used a more conventional type of prosthesis.

PMID- 4047924
TI  - The development of orthopaedic appliances and low cost aids in "least developed
      countries".
AB  - The constant reminder of ever-increasing costs and problems in regard to medical
      care in industrialized countries highlights the need for simplified, low cost,
      orthopaedic appliances for use in the non-industrialized areas of the world.
      Those who are engaged in the field of Orthopaedic Technology should withstand the
      temptation to propagate unreservedly the technologies of industrialized nations.
      Nowadays the so-called "non-appropriate technologies" have become the target of
      frequent criticism. The transfer of technology may offer visible progress in
      selected areas to a limited number of people but it conceals the danger of
      ignoring fundamental socio-economic conditions that affect the majority of
      people. During the United Nations Year of the Disabled, a group of international
      experts unanimously came to the conclusion that the current cooperation between
      industrialized and Third World countries requires revision leading to a new
      order. The consensus demanded a new emphasis on the development of technical
      orthopaedic services which would take into account the unique economic, social,
      cultural and environmental factors of each region. This paper examines the
      practices of technical orthopaedics in a "least developed country" and lays down
      principles and practical applications which could serve as a foundation for a
      more appropriate approach in this field.

PMID- 4047925
TI  - Temporary above-knee prostheses and training programme during chemotherapy.
AB  - A temporary prosthesis has been developed for above-knee amputees who receive
      long-term post-amputation chemotherapy. The temporary prosthesis has an
      adjustable laminated quadrilateral socket, the size of which is adjusted by metal
      screws. Fifteen patients were fitted with the temporary prosthesis. Initial
      fittings were carried out after a period averaging 46 days from amputation. All
      of the patients were able to walk with one crutch after about one month from
      initial fitting. Although patients often had to discontinue their prosthetic
      training owing to chemotherapy, they could resume wearing their prostheses simply
      by adjusting the socket. One patient, who was fitted with a cosmetic ultra-light
      prosthesis initially due to her poor general condition, was later fitted with the
      temporary prosthesis. She regained the ability to walk 60 days later and still
      wears it. Early fitting of temporary prostheses for these patients is not only of
      practical convenience but also improves their mental state.

PMID- 4047926
TI  - Limb amputation and re-amputation in association with chronic pain syndrome.
AB  - A small group of patients is reported in whom amputation or re-amputation of the
      upper or lower limb has been performed at increasingly higher levels in an
      unsuccessful attempt to relieve the patients' unrecognized chronic pain syndrome.
      The possibility of self mutilation should also be considered. The etiological
      factors and management of this uncommon but difficult problem are discussed. It
      is hoped that members of an experienced amputee team will recognize this rare
      problem and help to avoid multiple surgical procedures, which are harmful to the
      patient and costly to society.

PMID- 4047927
TI  - A rationale for skew flaps in below-knee amputation surgery.
AB  - The use of thermography in the assessment of amputation levels has demonstrated a
      medial to lateral thermal gradient in many cases. In order to see whether this
      reflected a true medial to lateral skin blood flow gradient, a prospective study
      was set up to measure blood flow medially and laterally below the knee. Twenty
      one patients, presenting for amputation assessment with end-stage peripheral
      vascular disease, were studied. Skin blood flows were measured using an
      intradermal radioisotope clearance technique. Results showed a highly significant
      difference between medial and lateral skin blood flows (t = 4.79; p less than
      0.001). In view of the significantly higher blood flow in the medial skin of the
      lower leg, it is suggested that a more medially based posterior below-knee
      amputation skin flap may be of more value in some patients.

PMID- 4047928
TI  - [Diagnosis of aortic dissection without intimal rupture by X-ray computed
      tomography].

PMID- 4047929
TI  - [Clinical experiences with microwave hyperthermia by newly developed small
      applicators in combination with radiotherapy].

PMID- 4047930
TI  - [In vitro effects of X-irradiation on NK activity and its augmentation by OK-432
      treatment].

PMID- 4047931
TI  - [Differences in the vaccination policies in Scandinavia].

PMID- 4047932
TI  - [Pertussis vaccination--what is the best protection?].

PMID- 4047933
TI  - [Why is the consumption of hypnotics higher in Denmark than in Finland?].

PMID- 4047934
TI  - [Mustard gas--a reiterating threat].

PMID- 4047935
TI  - [A Finnish study on minerals and vitamins].

PMID- 4047936
TI  - [Selenium--a general biological review].

PMID- 4047937
TI  - [Selenium--a review on human medicine].

PMID- 4047938
TI  - [Clinical instructors play a key role in instruction concerning the practice of
      medicine].

PMID- 4047939
TI  - A study of the interactions of some polypyridylruthenium (II) complexes with DNA
      using fluorescence spectroscopy, topoisomerisation and thermal denaturation.
AB  - The nature of binding of Ru(phen) 2+ (I), Ru(bipy) 2+ (II), Ru(terpy) 2+ (III)
      (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, bipy 3 = 2,2'-bipyridyl, 3 terpy = 2,2'2," - 2
      terpyridyl) to DNA, poly[d(G-C)] and poly[d(A-T)] has been compared by
      absorption, fluorescence, DNA melting and DNA unwinding techniques. I binds
      intercalatively to DNA in low ionic strength solutions. Topoisomerisation shows
      that it unwinds DNA by 22 degrees +/- 1 per residue and that it thermally
      stabilizes poly[d(A-T)] in a manner closely resembling ethidium. Poly[d(A-T)]
      induces greater spectral changes on I than poly[d(G-C)] and a preference for A-T
      rich regions is indicated. I binding is very sensitive to Mg2+ concentration. In
      contrast to I the binding of II and III appears to be mainly electrostatic in
      nature, and causes no unwinding. There is no evidence for the binding of the
      neutral Ru(phen)2 (CN)2 or Ru(bipy)2 (CN)2 complexes. DNA is cleaved, upon
      visible irradiation of aerated solutions, in the presence of either I or II.

PMID- 4047940
TI  - Isolation of polymorphic DNA segments from human chromosome 21.
AB  - A somatic cell hybrid line containing only human chromosome 21 on a mouse
      background has been used as the source of DNA for construction of a recombinant
      phage library. Individual phages containing human inserts have been identified.
      Repeat-free human DNA subclones have been prepared and used to screen for
      restriction fragment length polymorphisms to provide genetic markers on
      chromosome 21. Nine independently isolated clones used as probes identified a
      total of 11 new RFLPs. Four of the DNA probes recovered from the library have
      been mapped unequivocally to chromosome 21 using a panel of somatic cell hybrid
      lines. A fifth probe detected an RFLP on chromosome 21 as well as sequences on
      other chromosomes. This set of RFLPs may now form the basis for construction of a
      genetic linkage map of human chromosome 21.

PMID- 4047941
TI  - Poly(dAT) dependent trinucleotide synthesis catalysed by wheat germ RNA
      polymerase II. Effects of nucleotide substrates and cordycepin triphosphate.
AB  - Kinetics of condensation of ribonucleotides to dinucleotides, leading to
      trinucleotide products formation, have been studied using wheat germ RNA
      polymerase II and poly(dAT). Assay conditions can be selected under which both
      ApUpA and UpApU are formed in catalytic amounts. The kinetic parameters
      associated with these reactions indicate that the rate of trinucleotide formation
      might be affected by DNA sequence, as reported for E.coli RNA polymerase.
      Kinetics of disappearance of ApUpA and UpApU were studied under experimental
      conditions allowing poly(rAU) synthesis. The results can be interpreted as if
      after formation of a phosphodiester bond, a slow isomerisation step of the
      ternary transcription complex could occur. During this step, transcription
      complexes could dissociate with a finite probability, releasing trinucleotides in
      an abortive pathway. The above results are discussed in the view that, under
      these experimental conditions, wheat germ RNA polymerase II catalyses poly(rAU)
      synthesis, as if it is a non-processive enzyme. Cordycepin triphosphate can be
      condensed to a dinucleotide primer, yielding ApUpA. However the ATP analogue
      cannot be incorporated into longer products than a trinucleotide. On the other
      hand 3'-dATP behaves as a very potent inhibitor of translocation, with an
      inhibition constant of 0.15 microM, a value which is two orders of magnitude
      smaller than the Km value corresponding to ATP utilization in poly(rAU)
      synthesis. Simple models are proposed which allow a comparison with E.coli RNA
      polymerase, for which the results are well documented.

PMID- 4047942
TI  - The 31P-NMR spectrum of the dodecamer d(GACGATATCGTC).
AB  - The resonances in the 31P-NMR spectrum of the dodecamer d(GACGATATCGTC) have been
      assigned by regiospecific labelling with oxygen-17. All 11 resonances are clearly
      resolved at 26 degrees C. Most noticeably, individual resonances of the
      dinucleoside phosphates d(CpG), d(TpC), d(GpA) and d(ApT) which occur more than
      once can clearly be distinguished. This indicates that the position of the
      phosphate group in the oligomer influences its 31P-NMR shift. This observation is
      in agreement with what has been found for the 31P-NMR spectra of d(CGCGAATTCGCG)
      [Ott, J. and Eckstein, F. (1985) Biochemistry 24] and d(GGAATTCC) [Connolly, B.A.
      and Eckstein, F. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 5523-5527]. In general, the chemical
      shift appears the more at higher field the more central the dinucleoside
      phosphate is located in the oligomer. Exceptions are the resonances of
      dinucleoside phosphates of the type 5'-PyPu-3' which appear at lower field than
      expected from this rule. A reasonable correlation between 31P-NMR chemical shifts
      and the sum function of the base plane roll angles derived from Calladine's rule
      [Calladine, C.R. (1982) J. Mol. Biol. 161, 343-352] exists.

PMID- 4047943
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism studies of a duplex--single
      stranded hairpin loop equilibrium for the oligodeoxyribonucleotide sequence
      d(CGCGATTCGCG).
AB  - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and circular dichroism (CD) studies have been
      carried out with the oligodeoxyribonucleotide mismatch sequence, d(CGCGATTCGCG),
      1. It has been found that 1 exists, in solution, as an equilibrium mixture of
      slowly interconverting, structured conformational isomers, 1a and 1b. On the
      basis of the concentration dependence of the 1a-1b equilibrium, the 1H NMR
      spectrum of the imino protons of the nucleotide bases, and the individual CD
      spectra of 1a and 1b, it is suggested that the two species correspond to a B-type
      DNA duplex and a single-stranded, hairpin-loop structure; the portion of the
      single-stranded species not involved in the loop appears to have a B-type DNA
      structure (on the basis of the CD measurements). To facilitate 1H NMR resonance
      assignments, the two possible des-methyl thymidine derivatives of 1 were
      synthesized; the effect of this substitution on the physical chemical properties
      of 1 was explored. The 1H NMR spectra of 1, as a function of temperature, showed
      that, under conditions wherein both species were present to a significant extent,
      the duplex form melted at a lower temperature than the single-stranded, hairpin
      loop structure.

PMID- 4047944
TI  - [Current status, results and possibilities of mass radiophotographic examinations
      in Poland up to 1983].

PMID- 4047945
TI  - [Long-term results of treatment of patients with tuberculosis associated with
      diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 4047946
TI  - [Functional disorders of the respiratory system in systemic lupus erythematosus
      in children].

PMID- 4047947
TI  - [Repeated resection of pulmonary metastasis of malignant neuroma originating in
      the lower limb].

PMID- 4047948
TI  - [Incidence of malignant neoplasms of the respiratory system in Poland 1960-1981].

PMID- 4047949
TI  - [Treatment of neoplastic pleural effusion by intrapleural administration of
      Corynebacterium parvum vaccine].

PMID- 4047950
TI  - [Diabetic visceral neuropathy in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 4047951
TI  - [Evaluation of the diagnostic procedures and the fates of newly-registered
      patients in the group of bacteriologically unconfirmed active tuberculosis (group
      II B)].

PMID- 4047952
TI  - [Diagnosis, clinical course and treatment of malignant mesotheliomas].

PMID- 4047953
TI  - [Effect of Zaditen on the clinical status and ventilatory parameters in patients
      with various types of bronchial asthma].

PMID- 4047954
TI  - [A simple method of collecting brush specimen from respiratory epithelium].

PMID- 4047955
TI  - [Echocardiographic evaluation of the effect of sanatorium rehabilitation on the
      left-ventricular function in persons with coronary disease].

PMID- 4047956
TI  - [Prognostic usefulness of clinical and laboratory indicators in patients with
      advanced forms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated by the COP protocol].

PMID- 4047957
TI  - [Sedimentation plasmapheresis in the treatment of multiple myeloma].

PMID- 4047958
TI  - [Barrett esophagus complicated by a bleeding ulcer--case report].

PMID- 4047959
TI  - Tuberculin skin test reactivity and conversions in United States- and foreign
      born Latino children.
AB  - The rate of positive tuberculin skin tests for Latino children was examined to
      help define high risk groups. We reviewed 330 charts of subjects, 18 years of age
      or younger, with one or more tuberculin (5 tuberculin units, purified protein
      derivative) skin test readings in a 5-year period. Overall 9% of United States
      born and 53% of foreign-born Latinos had positive tuberculin tests (P less than
      0.01). Repeat applications identified 35 converters and a greater proportion of
      United States-born Latinos were in this group (P less than 0.05). Radiographic
      changes on chest films consistent with active tuberculous disease were found in
      four of the foreign-born converters. The calculated tuberculin conversion rate of
      these Latinos is 15 to 30 times that of the United States general population.
      Unsuspected transmission of tuberculosis may be one possible explanation. We
      recommend that: clinicians should perform routine tuberculin skin tests in
      healthy Latino children whether born in the United States or in a foreign
      country; and active screening for tuberculosis of Latino immigrants by local
      health departments be conducted with appropriate funding support.

PMID- 4047961
TI  - Deaths from varicella in infants.
AB  - Onset of maternal varicella up to 5 days before delivery is associated with in
      utero exposure to varicella and may result in severe infection in the newborn 5
      to 10 days after delivery. Since up to 31% of these newborns may die, routine
      administration of varicella-zoster immunoglobulin to these infants is
      recommended. Little is known, however, about the risk of death in other infants
      with postnatal infection. Available epidemiologic data indicate an estimated
      death/case ratio for children less than 1 year of age 4 times that for 1- to 14
      year-olds (8 in 100,000 vs. 2 in 100,000). Since the actual ages for the infant
      deaths were lacking, it has been impossible to know how many deaths were possibly
      related to maternal varicella contracted within the 5 days before delivery. Using
      National Center for Health Statistics data, we analyzed 92 deaths due to
      varicella in children less than 1 year old reported between 1968 and 1978 (median
      age, 5.5 months). Only five deaths occurred in newborns (ages 8 hours to 19
      days). These data indicate that intrauterine infection accounts for few varicella
      deaths in infants. Since postnatal infection accounts for the observed increased
      risk of death in this age group, the need for preventing postnatal varicella in
      all infants merits further study. However, based on the small number of deaths
      occurring annually and the low relative risk compared to other high risk groups,
      routine postexposure administration of varicella-zoster immunoglobulin to all
      children less than 1 year of age does not seem warranted at this time.

PMID- 4047960
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of the febrile child following hepatic portoenterostomy.
AB  - We report a retrospective analysis of 75 children with hepatic portoenterostomies
      hospitalized because of fever. Bacterial cholangitis was the most commonly
      defined cause of fever within 3 months of surgery. Pneumonia and upper
      respiratory infections were more common 3 months to 2 years following the
      procedure; however, cholangitis continued to occur during this time period.
      Twenty percent of hospitalizations were associated with bacteremia or fungemia.
      Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common pathogen isolated from the blood.
      Three children with presumed cholangitis continued to have fever until effective
      antipseudomonal antibiotic coverage was implemented. The findings in this study
      lead to the following suggestions: vaccinate all children with pneumococcal
      vaccine at 2 years of age; a chest radiograph and dental evaluation should be
      obtained when evaluating the febrile child; empiric treatment for possible
      cholangitis should include an antipseudomonal penicillin derivative with an
      aminoglycoside; and if signs of peritonitis are present antibiotic treatment
      should also include antimicrobials effective against Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID- 4047962
TI  - First international conference on infections in children in Arab countries.
AB  - This conference was the first of its kind but the need for similar meetings in
      the future was recognized by the participants. Considering the vast importance of
      infectious diseases in children in Arab countries, research in this area should
      receive a high priority in pediatrics. Improvements of diagnosis, management and
      prevention would appear particularly rewarding and could lead to significant
      results in a relatively short period of time.

PMID- 4047963
TI  - Evolution of paradigms of child health in developing countries.
AB  - In 1982 Costa Rica had an infant mortality of 18 per 1000 live births and a life
      expectancy at birth of 76 years for women and 72 years for men. In the evolution
      of infant health in Costa Rica two paradigms were identified. One developed in
      the decades before 1970 and the other during the 1970s. The necessity of
      conceptualizing a third new paradigm compatible with health needs of the present
      and the immediate future is recognized. The first or "malnutrition paradigm" was
      orthodox in its derivation; it identified the lack of food as the underlying base
      for the major health problems and placed its emphasis on institutional medicine.
      The paradigm was influenced by foreign schools of nutrition and pediatrics and
      led to the development of an infrastructure for the delivery of medical services
      and the programs for food distribution. The "infectious disease paradigm"
      recognized infectious diseases as the main determinants of morbidity, mortality
      and malnutrition in childhood. The strategies derived from such a revolutionary
      paradigm aimed at the control and eradication of infectious diseases, and they
      resulted in a rapid improvement of child nutrition and health. However, the
      infectious disease paradigm does not seem to reduce infant mortality below the
      present level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4047964
TI  - Capnocytophaga ochracea pyonephrosis in an infant with obstructive nephropathy.

PMID- 4047965
TI  - Blastocystis hominis enteritis.

PMID- 4047966
TI  - Occult distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections.

PMID- 4047967
TI  - Quadriplegia after pneumococcal meningitis.

PMID- 4047968
TI  - Pyonephrosis presenting as toxic shock syndrome in infancy.

PMID- 4047969
TI  - Branhamella catarrhalis sepsis.

PMID- 4047970
TI  - Changing social trends: day care.

PMID- 4047972
TI  - Compliance in a community health center population.

PMID- 4047971
TI  - Factors influencing pediatric compliance.
AB  - The major determinants of compliance are the patient's or parent's perception of
      the severity of the illness, a warm, understanding physician who allows enough
      time for meeting the patient's or parent's needs and educating the patient or
      parent adequately, a simplified treatment regimen coupled with explicit
      directions and follow-up care.

PMID- 4047973
TI  - Clinical pharmacology of benzathine penicillin G.

PMID- 4047974
TI  - Treatment of impetigo: a review.
AB  - A number of well-designed comparison studies have shown the superiority of oral
      or injectable antibiotics over typical treatment in the treatment of impetigo
      contagiosa. Erythromycin, phenoxymethyl penicillin, intramuscular benzathine
      penicillin G as well as clindamycin, cefaclor and amoxicillin with clavulanic
      acid have been shown to be extremely effective. Because of significant
      differences in study design, it is difficult to compare drugs investigated in
      different studies. Intramuscular benzathine penicillin G consistently has been
      associated with the highest cure rates, especially in studies specifically of
      streptococcal impetigo. It is unclear whether these high cure rates reflect
      superior efficacy or are the result of lesser compliance with oral medication,
      but the latter explanation is quite likely. This information generally translates
      into daily practice as a recommendation of a penicillin or an erythromycin
      preparation for streptococcal impetigo unless the lesions are small and few in
      number, in which case topical therapy is probably sufficient. If oral antibiotics
      are prescribed they should be given for 10 days. Systemic as opposed to topical
      antibiotics should be considered more strongly in situations where the incidence
      of impetigo is high, since these drugs are clearly superior in sterilizing the
      lesions quickly to prevent transmission. Other situations that favor the use of
      systemic as opposed to topical antibiotics include the presence of nephritogenic
      strains in the population, whether endemic or epidemic, more severe or spreading
      lesions and a population with poor hygiene.

PMID- 4047975
TI  - Diagnosis and therapy of patients with congenital and primary syphilis.

PMID- 4047976
TI  - Neurochemical investigation of the afferent pathway from the vagus nerve to the
      nucleus tractus solitarius in mediating the "satiety syndrome" induced by
      systemic cholecystokinin.
AB  - The satiety syndrome induced by intraperitoneally administered cholecystokinin
      (CCK) requires an intact visceral sensory feedback system involving the afferent
      vagus nerve and the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). Since both the vagus and
      the NTS contain CCK, the vagal-NTS synapse could conceivably employ CCK as a
      transmitter. To test this hypothesis, CCK was injected directly into the NTS
      region in awake rats. CCK at doses of 1 ng, 10 ng, and 100 ng had no effect on
      food consumption or exploratory behaviors associated with the satiety syndrome.
      The acetylcholine agonist carbachol, injected directly into the NTS region,
      effectively mimicked the actions of intraperitoneally administered CCK on feeding
      and exploration. These data suggest that CCK is not the transmitter at the vagal
      NTS site in the visceral sensory pathway projecting to brain regions mediating
      the reduced feeding and exploration actions of systemic CCK.

PMID- 4047977
TI  - Selective metabolic stimulation of the subfornical organ and pituitary neural
      lobe by peripheral angiotensin II.
AB  - The subfornical organ is a major receptor area for one of the principal stimuli
      of thirst, the octapeptide, angiotensin II. In conscious water-sated rats, we
      examined the effects of intravenous infusion of angiotensin II on the rate of
      glucose utilization in the subfornical organ and in structures anatomically and
      functionally connected with it. Angiotensin II produced pressor and drinking
      responses and increased glucose utilization selectively in the subfornical organ
      and pituitary neural lobe and in no other brain structure. Treatment with the
      angiotensin II antagonist, sar1-leu8-angiotensin II, before intravenous
      administration of angiotensin II prevented metabolic stimulation of the
      subfornical organ and neural lobe. Captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin
      converting enzyme, was administered to homozygous Brattleboro rats, which
      normally have elevated rates of glucose utilization in the subfornical organ.
      Captopril reduced subfornical organ glucose metabolism to a level similar to that
      found in control animals. These results demonstrate that peripheral angiotensin
      II stimulates glucose metabolism in the subfornical organ under conditions in
      which it provokes drinking and pressor responses. The findings suggest that
      circulating angiotensin II is responsible for the high rate of glucose
      utilization observed in the subfornical organ of Brattleboro rats homozygous for
      diabetes insipidus.

PMID- 4047978
TI  - Systemic angiotensin II, blood pressure and supraoptic neuronal activity.
AB  - Recordings of SON single unit activity and systemic arterial blood pressure
      (B.P.) were taken from 10 rats while systemic infusions of angiotensin II (AII),
      1-1000 ng/kg body weight/min in 7 steps, or phenylephrine, 1-100 ng in 3 steps
      were administered. The relationship between AII concentrations and neuronal
      activity was biphasic. Within the physiological range (1 ng to 100 ng) AII
      excited single units in a dose dependent manner, but it had little effect on B.P.
      At higher concentrations, B.P. rose and neuronal activity was decreased.
      Phenylephrine, however, did not excite neuronal activity. With increasing
      phenylephrine concentrations, B.P. rose and neuronal activity slowed. We conclude
      that increased B.P. may dampen the SON neuronal output by baroreceptor
      inhibition. Under physiological conditions, therefore, AII may serve to reinforce
      tonic vasopressin release while inhibiting vasopressin release at pressor doses.
      This further suggests a role for plasma AII as an important link of the renal
      hypothalamic-hormonal feedback loop.

PMID- 4047979
TI  - Emetic effects of centrally administered angiotensin II, arginine vasopressin and
      neurotensin in the dog.
AB  - Short-latency emetic responses were induced in dogs by injecting angiotensin II
      (AII), arginine vasopressin (AVP), and neurotensin (NTN) into cerebroventricular
      (ICV) and cisternal (ICT) sites also responsive to the emetic effects of
      apomorphine (APO). Angiotensin III, bradykinin, bombesin, oxytocin,
      adrenocorticotropic hormone, substance P, gastrin-related peptide and
      cholecystokinin were ineffective. The results suggest a possible dopaminergic
      mediation of peptide-induced emesis by receptors in the area postrema (AP).

PMID- 4047980
TI  - Pain threshold changes induced by acute exposure to altered ambient temperatures.
AB  - Our previous findings that the degree of endotoxin-induced hypotension in the dog
      is inversely related to ambient temperature (19 degrees through 30 degrees C) and
      that only increased doses of naloxone are effective at 19 degrees C suggested
      that opioid activity is also influenced by ambient temperature, increasing in the
      cold and decreasing in the warm. Others have reported increases in plasma beta
      endorphin in rats with acute exposure to both 5 degrees and 36 degrees C. In this
      study we measured changes in pain thresholds after both acute and chronic
      exposures to lesser alterations in ambient temperature as a potentially more
      sensitive index of changes in central opioid activity. Compared to 24 degrees C
      there was a marked increase in pain threshold with acute exposure to 10 degrees C
      and marked decreases at 30 degrees and 35 degrees C. A slight decrease occurred
      after 30 minutes but not 60 or 120 minutes at 19 degrees C. All acute changes
      disappeared three hours after the animals had been returned from the altered
      ambient temperature to 24 degrees C. No changes were observed after six days
      chronic exposure to 10 degrees or 30 degrees C. These findings suggest that
      moderate, acute changes in ambient temperature can produce inversely related,
      adaptable alterations in central opioid activity.

PMID- 4047981
TI  - Genetic differences in avoidance behavior: cardiovascular activity, pain
      sensitivity and stress-induced analgesia.
AB  - Four experiments are reported which examine cardiovascular activity, pain
      sensitivity and stress-induced analgesia in rats selectively bred for differences
      in shuttlebox avoidance behavior. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 indicate
      that the two genetic lines differ in basal pain sensitivity, as measured by the
      hot-plate test. This difference in pain sensitivity appears not to be mediated by
      endogenous opioids, because it was not altered by pretreatment with a large dose
      of naloxone. In Experiments 1, 3 and 4 tail-flick tests of basal pain sensitivity
      failed to reveal line differences. Basal and stress levels of cardiovascular
      activity also showed no differences between the lines. In Experiment 3, LA but
      not HA animals showed profound stress-induced analgesia which was not blocked by
      a large dose of naltrexone. In Experiment 4, both LA and HA animals showed stress
      induced analgesia, perhaps because the procedure of this experiment permitted
      conditioning mechanisms to contribute to the analgesia. Differential genetic
      selection for avoidance behavior also selected for differential pain sensitivity
      and some forms of non-opioid stress-induced analgesia but without concomitant
      selection for differential cardiovascular activity.

PMID- 4047982
TI  - Vasopressin and brain development: studies using the Brattleboro rat.
AB  - Anomalies in hormonal and neurotransmitter status during early stages of brain
      development, can lead to lifespan alterations in the functioning of central
      systems. The neuropeptide vasopressin is nowadays recognized as a putative
      neurotransmitter, after years of study on its neurosecretory hormonal aspect in
      water metabolism. Since vasopressin is moreover present early in the brain, and
      has various mitogenic, metabolic and physiological actions, one might expect
      vasopressin to be of importance for normal brain development as well. Indeed, the
      absence of brain vasopressin in the Brattleboro mutant rat coincides with
      impaired brain development, and some physiological and behavioral defects of
      these rats are not adjusted by treatment with vasopressin. Regionally the
      cerebellum seems to be the most affected brain area, both morphologically and
      biochemically. Only when vasopressin supplementation was done prenatally, this
      disturbed growth could be restored, which suggests an early role for vasopressin
      in neurogenesis. Enhanced levels of vasopressin during the perinatal period on
      the other hand, have been shown to affect permanently the 'setting' of peripheral
      vasopressin functions in cardiovascular and renal regulatory systems. It is not
      excluded as yet that after such treatments central organization of vasopressin
      systems is not impaired as well.

PMID- 4047983
TI  - Effects of vasopressin deficiency, age, and stress on stomach ulcer induction in
      rats.
AB  - Susceptibility to ulceration induced by restraint, restraint plus intermittent
      shock, and activity stress was studied in 6 week and 18 week old Brattleboro and
      Long-Evans rats. Older animals developed more glandular ulcers than younger
      animals with Brattleboro rats having significantly greater ulceration than Long
      Evans rats in both conditions. With activity stress, younger subjects developed
      significantly more glandular ulcers than older subjects; whereas, older subjects
      developed significantly more nonglandular ulcers than younger subjects. In both
      instances, the ulceration was significantly greater in Brattleboro rats than in
      Long-Evans rats. There were significantly high correlations among running
      behavior, survival time, and the development of glandular ulcers in younger
      animals exposed to activity stress. The presence of vasopressin, as well as the
      age of the subject and the nature of the stress, influences the type and degree
      of stomach pathology induced.

PMID- 4047984
TI  - Altered emotionality of the vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rat.
AB  - Observation of open field behavior of vasopressin-deficient (DI) and normal Long
      Evans rats indicated elevated levels of open field activity for the DI rats.
      Exposure to an acoustic stressor resulted in decreased activity in both groups of
      animals but with a lesser effect on the DI rat. Handling prior to experimentation
      diminished the differences between DI and normal rats. Although both groups
      displayed an equivalent rise in plasma corticosterone in response to the open
      field, the addition of the acoustic stressor resulted in greater elevation of
      corticosterone in the normal animals. The behavioral and hormonal data suggest
      that the DI rat exhibits decreased emotional reactivity. Measurement of brain
      neurotransmitter levels revealed higher concentrations of serotonin,
      norepinephrine and dopamine in the limbic regions of the DI rat. These
      alterations may underlie the behavior reflecting decreased emotionality of the DI
      rat. In turn, the altered emotional state may be the basis for alteration in
      performance on learning/memory tasks of these animals. Thus, vasopressin effects
      on the retrieval and/or consolidation of information may not be direct but rather
      through its ability to influence the emotional state of the animal.

PMID- 4047985
TI  - [Blood coagulation system in patients with prostatic cancer].

PMID- 4047986
TI  - [Monitoring pivmecillinam treatment of patients with pyelonephritis].

PMID- 4047987
TI  - [Percutaneous removal of kidney calculus].

PMID- 4047988
TI  - [Screening urine test in the program of prenatal care].

PMID- 4047989
TI  - [Changing epidemiological and clinical picture of sexually transmitted diseases].

PMID- 4047990
TI  - [Chlamydia trachomatis as a causative factor in prostatitis].

PMID- 4047991
TI  - [Poisoning with Clostridium botulinum toxin (data of the Infectious Disease
      Clinic and District Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Gdansk)].

PMID- 4047992
TI  - [Chronic Giardia intestinalis infection].

PMID- 4047993
TI  - [Effect of tetanus anatoxin on HBs antigenemia in acute hepatitis B].

PMID- 4047994
TI  - [Emergency surgical treatment of periappendicular infiltration].

PMID- 4047995
TI  - [Usefulness of determining the serum myoglobin level in patients with acute
      carbon monoxide poisoning].

PMID- 4047996
TI  - [Transfusion of the patient's own ascitic fluid in the treatment of ascites].

PMID- 4047997
TI  - [Usefulness of determining carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the blood serum for
      evaluation of the operability of lung cancer].

PMID- 4047998
TI  - [Lung biopsy using an elastic bronchoscope in disseminated pulmonary changes].

PMID- 4047999
TI  - [Determining the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level in pleural exudates in the
      differential diagnosis of pleural effusion].

PMID- 4048001
TI  - [Intrathoracic plasmacytic tumor in multiple myeloma--diagnostic difficulties].

PMID- 4048000
TI  - [Effect of almitrine on normal pulmonary circulation].

PMID- 4048002
TI  - [Activity of the Institute of Tuberculosis regarding tuberculosis control].

PMID- 4048003
TI  - [Remote results of treatment of hyperactive "hot" thyroid nodules with I-131].

PMID- 4048004
TI  - [A case of unsolved cause of death in pseudohypoparathyroidism].

PMID- 4048005
TI  - [Medical philosophy: humanities in medicine].

PMID- 4048006
TI  - Anatomy of the IXth European Congress of Pathology abstracts.

PMID- 4048007
TI  - Xth European Congress of Pathology. Athens, 1-7 September, 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4048008
TI  - Antinociceptive effects of puromycin and bacitracin.
AB  - The aim of this paper was to examine if puromycin (PUR) and bacitracin (BAC)
      which delay the degradation of enkephalins (ENK) in vitro by the inhibition of
      aminopeptidases activity, may induce antinociceptive effects. Male Wistar rats
      were used. PUR in a dose of 100, 200 or 400 micrograms or BAC in a dose of 10,
      25, 50 micrograms were administered intracerebroventricularly in conscious
      animals. As an antagonist of ENK, naloxone (NAL) was used in doses of 1, 5, 10 or
      20 mg/kg ip. Antinociceptive effect was measured by the method of hot-plate. The
      level of ENK in the striatum was examined by biological method using mice vas
      deferens. PUR induced the dose-related analgesic effect abolished by NAL and
      increased the level of ENK in the striatum. BAC also elicited the dose-related
      antinociceptive effect and the increase of striatal concentration of ENK. But
      antinociceptive effect of BAC was not antagonized but potentiated by NAL.
      Moreover BAC evoked abnormal behavior of rats, namely the episodes of catalepsy
      and of barrel rotation. It is concluded that: PUR, but not BAC, is a useful
      pharmacological tool for the aminopeptidase inhibition and for activation of
      enkephalinergic neurons; aminopeptidases are concerned with activities of opioid
      peptides.

PMID- 4048009
TI  - An in vitro investigation of the astringency property of certain anhidrotic
      solutions.
AB  - Compounds effective in vivo in the rat as anhidrotic wee found to precipitate egg
      white protein. There was little correlation between the effectiveness of a
      compound as an antiperspirant and its ability to precipitate protein. Lanthanum
      chloride was an exception since it was found to be the most effective anhidrotic
      in the rat and also produced the highest levels of precipitate. The addition of
      calcium or magnesium chloride increased the quantity of protein precipitated by
      the anhidrotic solutions, in contrast to their effect in vivo.

PMID- 4048010
TI  - The effect of kainic acid administration into globus pallidus on EEG and behavior
      of rabbits.
AB  - Injection of 0,5 microgram of kainic acid into the globus pallidus of rabbits
      carrying chronically implanted electrodes and cannulas, resulted in an increase
      of cerebral electrical activity up to appearance of epileptoidal discharges.
      These effects were prevented by diazepam pretreatment. Behavioral changes
      produced by kainic acid were biphasic; ipsilateral rotations or postural
      asymmetries, observed in the early phase, gave way later to contralateral
      asymmetries. Kainic acid facilitated sniffing episodes, which appeared
      simultaneously with epileptoidal discharges in the hippocampus. The stimulation
      of globus pallidus neurons with kainic acid resulted also in electrical
      activation of the ventral anterior thalamic nucleus. The results indicate that
      the majority of the neurons of globus pallidus display selective sensitivity to
      kainic acid and that the globus pallidus is functionally connected with the
      hippocampus and the ventral anterior thalamic nucleus.

PMID- 4048011
TI  - The effect of chronic administration of trazodone on the acquisition of avoidance
      behavior in mice.
AB  - An atypical antidepressant trazodone, given in doses of 5 or 10 mg/kg ip during
      the period of avoidance training (15 min before the beginning of each of 5
      consecutive daily sessions) significantly depressed the rate of acquisition of
      the conditioned avoidance response. However, in mice pretreated with trazodone,
      10 mg/kg daily for the preceding 14 consecutive days, the treatment with 10 mg/kg
      before each session did not impair the acquisition of the conditioned avoidance
      response, and the treatment with a dose of 5 mg/kg improved the acquisition over
      the control level. The data show that the pattern of action of trazodone on the
      acquisition of conditioned avoidance response is the same as that of other
      antidepressant agents, desipramine and mianserin, and indicate that chronically
      administered antidepressant agents do not impair learning.

PMID- 4048012
TI  - Central antiserotonergic and antidopaminergic action of pirenperone, a putative 5
      HT2 receptor antagonist.
AB  - Pirenperone, an antagonist of 5-HT2 but not 5-HT1 receptors, has been studied for
      its central antiserotonergic and antidopaminergic activity. Pirenperone (0.00525
      0.1 mg/kg) antagonized dose-dependently stimulation of the hind limb flexor
      reflex in spinal rats induced by LSD, quipazine or fenfluramine, and hyperthermia
      induced by serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT)-like drugs (1-5
      hydroxytryptophan, fenfluramine, p-chloroamphetamine, 1-/m-chlorophenyl/
      piperazine, quipazine) in heat-adapted rats. Pirenperone also counteracted
      tryptamine-induced convulsions in rats (ID50 = 0.87 mg/kg); however, this action
      was weaker than that of metergoline (ID50 = 0.22 mg/kg). Pirenperone (0.1-1.6
      mg/kg) produced sedation in mice and rats, and-in doses of 0.4-6.4 mg/kg
      catalepsy in rats. Given in doses ranging from 0.1 to 1.6 mg/kg, pirenperone
      antagonized d-amphetamine-induced locomotor hyperactivity in mice and rats, the
      hyperactivity induced by apomorphine in rats, apomorphine- or d-amphetamine
      induced stereotypy in rats and stimulation of the hind limb flexor reflex induced
      by the alpha-adrenoceptor agonist-clonidine. Pirenperone (6.4 mg/kg)
      significantly attenuated apomorphine (1 mg/kg)-induced hypothermia in mice. The
      results obtained indicate that pirenperone may be regarded as a relatively
      specific antagonist of the 5-HT2 receptor only when it is employed in very low
      doses (less than 0.1 mg/kg). Used in higher doses (greater than 0.1 mg/kg), it
      behaves like a typical neuroleptic, i.e. like a dopamine antagonist with
      antiserotonergic, antitryptaminergic and antiadrenergic properties.

PMID- 4048013
TI  - The effect of low-dose cyclophosphamide and immunologic exposure upon growth of
      established Dunning R-3327-G subline rat prostate adenocarcinomas.
AB  - Utilizing the Dunning rat prostate adenocarcinoma, a low dose of cyclophosphamide
      (CY), 30 mg/kg, administered either alone or following diethylstilbestrol (DES)
      therapy, was as effective as higher levels of CY (100 mg/kg) in ability to
      initiate tumor regression. A lower dose (10 mg/kg) of CY was initially
      ineffective. Animals which had been injected with tumor an additional 10 days
      prior to initiation of CY treatment were apparently more responsive to this mode
      of chemotherapy. The effect of this additional 10 days of immunologic exposure
      supports the belief that the activity of CY is augmented by the presence of
      immunologic competence. All animals which responded favorably toward therapy
      utilizing CY, alone or in combination with DES, were similarly able to reject
      subsequent tumor challenges. It is thought that low-dose CY may reduce the
      immunosuppressive effects observed with higher levels and presumably preserve the
      helper T cell population necessary to mount secondary immune responses.

PMID- 4048014
TI  - Proteins of the rat prostate: I. Preliminary characterization by two-dimensional
      electrophoresis.
AB  - The rat prostate consists of three distinct lobes: the ventral, lateral, and
      dorsal. Proteins in the three lobes of the prostate were studied with the ISO
      DALT system for high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis. Proteins were
      detected with ammoniacal silver stain. Comparison of patterns from the three
      lobes of the prostate of control, noncastrated rats revealed that while there was
      a remarkable overall similarity, six groups of proteins showed lobe-specific
      differences. When prostatic regression was induced by castration, androgen
      dependent proteins showed a decrease in staining intensity. A group of proteins,
      with pI 5.0-6.0 and MW 65,000-70,000, was consistently observed only during the
      active phase of prostatic regression (days 3-7 postcastration). Their presence
      during this specific interval may play a role in tissue involution.

PMID- 4048015
TI  - Effect of hormones on growth and ATP content of a human prostatic carcinoma cell
      line, LNCaP-r.
AB  - The use of ATP content as a measurement for cell growth was evaluated in the
      LNCaP prostatic cancer cell line. ATP content was found to correlate well with
      cell counts and was an easy and reliable method for following the effect of
      substances on cell growth. During cultivation for 9 days no effect on cell counts
      or ATP content could be seen when testosterone (10(-10) to 10(-6) M), estradiol
      17 beta (10(-10) to 10(-5) M), 5 alpha-DHT (10(-9) to 10(-6) M), prolactin,
      vitamin A, or antiandrogen was added to the cell medium in different
      combinations. However, a weak positive effect was seen on the mitotic index when
      10 or 100 nM 5 alpha-DHT was added to the cells, whereas 1 microM 5 alpha-DHT
      inhibited cell growth. Thus despite the fact that this LNCaP line contained 16
      fmol androgen receptor/mg protein (Kd 0.6 nM), it is unresponsive to hormones and
      should be designated LNCaP-r (resistant). Chromosome analysis revealed that a
      shift in the modal chromosome number had occurred from the original LNCaP line,
      which could account for the lack of hormonal sensitivity.

PMID- 4048016
TI  - Measurement of skin blood-flow and water evaporation as a means of objectively
      assessing hot flushes after orchidectomy in patients with prostatic cancer.
AB  - Hot flushes can occur after orchidectomy for carcinoma of the prostate and are
      sometimes greatly distressing for patients. Attacks are difficult to register
      because of their transient and unpredictable nature and have been the object of
      very little scientific investigation. In 13 postorchidectomy patients who
      reported hot flushes we recorded cutaneous blood-flow and sweating by use of a
      laser-Doppler flowmeter and an evaporimeter. A total of 23 attacks were recorded.
      The rate of evaporation increased by more than 60 g/m2/h in ten attacks, from 10
      to 60 g/m2/h in five attacks, and by less than 10 g/m2/h in seven attacks. The
      cutaneous blood-flow increased synchronously with the increase in evaporation.
      The intensity of the attacks as experienced by the patients corresponded closely
      to recorded measurements.

PMID- 4048017
TI  - The isolation, enrichment, and comparative electron microscopic characterization
      of cellular components of the aged rat ventral prostate.
AB  - Prostate cells were isolated from 3- and 23-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats. After
      sequential digestion with 0.1% collagenase at 37 degrees C, a mixed population of
      cells was obtained. The cells were layered on a five-step discontinuous Percoll
      gradient (g/ml: 1.024, 1.043, 1.048, 1.060, 1.089), centrifuged at 3,000 rpm X 30
      minutes, which produced six distinct cellular subpopulations and a fibromuscular
      stroma (FMS). Electron microscopic characterization of the 3- and 23-month-old
      cellular subpopulations identified the following components, g/ml: debris and
      nonviable cells (1.020-1.025) nonsecretory epithelial cells (1.038-1.039),
      secretory epithelial cells (1.047-1.048), basal epithelial cells (1.057-1.059),
      differentiating epithelial cells (1.070-1.075), erythrocytes (1.085-1.089). This
      study demonstrates that one of the effects of age on the rat ventral prostate is
      an intracellular disorganization of isolated and enriched cellular components.

PMID- 4048018
TI  - Conference abstracts. Prostatic carcinoma: new frontiers. March 21-23, 1985.

PMID- 4048019
TI  - [Biological testing of hemostatic properties of various collagen preparations].
AB  - In experiments on animals a method of studying electrostatic and hemostatic
      properties of collagens was worked out. Following hemostatic collagen sponges
      were used: Superstat (Interface Biomedical Laboratories Corporation, USA),
      Hemostatic Felt (B. Braun, BRD), collagen sponge and collagen foil (Central
      Tissue Bank of Transplantation Institute, Medical Academy, Warsaw). Biological
      experiments were performed on rabbits in 4 groups, depending of the implanted
      material. Basing on surgical macro- and microscopic evaluation it was found that
      collagen preparations used in the experiments shorten the duration of bleeding of
      damaged liver, and that biological reactivity of studied collagen preparations is
      proportional to the duration of their resorption time in tissues. The shortest
      resorption time gave the Superstat.

PMID- 4048020
TI  - [Changes in the supramolecular organization of polyurethaneurea
      acylsemicarbasides in the process of their biodestruction].
AB  - Using the scanning electron microscope changes in supramolecular organization of
      polyurethane, (polyurethanecarbamideacylsemicarbasides), having in the main
      polymer chain foci of tripeptide were studied. They were subjected to proteolytic
      enzyme action and implanted into animal organisms. It was found that erosive
      processes going on the polymer plate are essentially similar either under action
      of proteolytic enzymes or inside a living organism.

PMID- 4048021
TI  - [Bilateral-velour blood vessel prostheses produced by the Center for Research and
      Development of the Textile Industry (TRICOMED) in Lodz. Personal experiences].
AB  - Two-year observations on 17 patients after the implantation of bilaterally velour
      vascular prostheses were made. In the postoperative course 5 prostheses underwent
      occlusion. Special attention was given to the behaviour of the prostheses above
      and below the knee-joint. The velour vascular prostheses made by the Research
      Centre Tricomed in Lodz could be a good alternative to other grafts in the
      surgical treatment of occlusion located in the above knee but in occlusions below
      the knee they can be used only exceptionally.

PMID- 4048022
TI  - [Porous tarflen as a possible membrane material in membrane blood oxygenators. I.
      Structural properties].
AB  - Hydrophobic porous teflon membranes are one of the most promising types applied
      in membrane oxygenators. The usefulness of porous tarflen materials (tarflen-
      Polish name of teflon produced by Zaklady Azotowe in Tarnow, Poland) for this
      application was evaluated by comparing their properties with those of American
      porous teflon membranes used in membrane oxygenators. Structural properties of
      tarflen materials were examined. The character of the surface of the examined
      materials is shown in the scanning electron micrographs. Tests of wettability of
      the materials by water, plasma and blood were also performed. It was found all
      the studied tarflen samples are macroporous. Their structure, as compared to the
      other materials, is simple. Values of water entry pressure show that the best
      tarflen samples for application in membrane oxygenators are those which are made
      of the smallest fraction of granulated tarflen product. It was found that plasma
      proteins do not adsorb on the tarflen surface.

PMID- 4048023
TI  - Agoraphobia. Is fear the basis of symptoms?
AB  - All human beings are biologic, psychological, and sociologic creatures. The
      treatment program for agoraphobia at the University of Kansas Medical Center
      School of Medicine, Kansas City, is designed to deal effectively with problems in
      these three areas. The biologic area is dealt with by medication; tricyclic
      antidepressants are used to block panic attacks, and benzodiazepines are given,
      as needed, for anticipatory anxiety. Group therapy is particularly effective in
      the areas of individual psychopathology and social anxiety. We have not found
      agoraphobia difficult to treat and have demonstrated that it can be cured. The
      track record of primary care physicians and specialists in diagnosing and
      managing agoraphobia so far leaves much to be desired. If physicians obtain the
      appropriate history at initial contact with a patient and administer appropriate
      treatment, it may be possible to prevent full-blown agoraphobia from developing.

PMID- 4048024
TI  - Oral calcium supplements. How much of what, for whom, and why?

PMID- 4048025
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in clinical practice. Current value and future
      prospects.

PMID- 4048026
TI  - The orofacial expressions of lung cancer.

PMID- 4048027
TI  - Risks, benefits, and the public good.

PMID- 4048028
TI  - Gross hematuria in a patient with sickle cell trait.
AB  - Sickle cell trait must be included in the differential diagnosis of hematuria in
      black patients. Therefore, diagnostic workup should include hemoglobin
      electrophoresis, urine culture, coagulation studies, intravenous pyelography,
      cystoscopy, renal ultrasonography, and renal arteriography. If the patient is
      found to have hemoglobin AS and no other abnormality, initial therapy consists of
      bed rest and intravenous fluids, with transfusion of red cells if needed.
      Intravenous epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) has been used effectively to reverse
      hematuria in patients who do not respond to conservative management. In the case
      reported here, gross hematuria in a 24-year-old black woman resolved with use of
      EACA therapy.

PMID- 4048029
TI  - Trauma injuries. Triage and stabilization for safe transfer.
AB  - Categorization of trauma injuries and identification of special resources and
      facilities for treatment of major injuries have markedly affected morbidity and
      mortality. Reduction in trauma morbidity and mortality depends on early
      identification of severely injured patients, proper initial stabilization, and
      safe interhospital transfer. The trauma score and the American College of
      Surgeons anatomical injury categorization are valuable triage tools. Protocols
      for initial stabilization and for safe transfer have been described to assist the
      primary referring physician in providing optimal early care.

PMID- 4048030
TI  - Emergency care of chemical burns.
AB  - Because of the large number of potentially injurious chemicals present in the
      home and workplace, chemical burns pose a unique challenge to the health care
      professional. For the majority of injuries, prompt and prolonged hydrotherapy is
      the cornerstone of therapy. The clinician needs to remember that the extent and
      depth of chemical injuries are difficult to assess in the acute phase; therefore,
      careful monitoring of blood values, urine output, and other parameters is
      necessary to gauge the volume of fluid required with major injury.

PMID- 4048031
TI  - Open fractures of the extremities. The case for open treatment.
AB  - Meticulous care of open wounds in open fractures is essential to prevent
      development of infection. Wounds should be treated by early excision and early
      delayed or secondary closure. Primary closure is not necessarily beneficial and
      can actually increase the risk of infection. Culture for aerobic and anerobic
      organisms should be obtained at initial examination, and antibiotic treatment
      should be started before wound excision. The experience at Duke University
      Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, during the past 40 years has demonstrated
      that open treatment of open wounds is safe and highly successful in preventing
      gas gangrene and osteomyelitis.

PMID- 4048032
TI  - AIDS victims, modern pariahs.

PMID- 4048033
TI  - The magnesium mavens. Much ado about something.

PMID- 4048035
TI  - Bezoars--when the 'knot in the stomach' is real.
AB  - Bezoars, gastric or intestinal concretions of undigested fruit fibers, vegetable
      matter, or human hair, can cause acute obstruction or long-term interference with
      normal digestion and absorption of nutrients. Likelihood of bezoar formation is
      increased in patients who have undergone gastrointestinal surgery. In particular,
      patients who have had gastric reduction for morbid obesity may form a high-risk
      population. Certain diseases or medicines also can predispose to bezoar
      formation. Except in emergencies, when surgical removal is necessary, dissolution
      of bezoars by various enzymatic preparations is the currently accepted treatment.

PMID- 4048034
TI  - Brucella canis infection in a woman with fever of unknown origin.
AB  - A 58-year-old woman with prolonged febrile illness was found to have brucellosis
      caused by Brucella canis, presumably acquired through contact with infected dogs.
      After initial laboratory tests failed to yield a diagnosis, the disease was
      confirmed by the Brucella agglutination test. A combination of tetracycline and
      streptomycin therapy was begun, and the illness resolved. B canis, a recently
      recognized cause of human brucellosis, must now be considered in patients with
      fever of unknown origin. With adequate medical therapy, rapid and complete
      recovery can be expected.

PMID- 4048036
TI  - Anemia in infancy and childhood. A systematic approach to evaluation.
AB  - The evaluation of the infant or child with possible anemia requires accurate
      testing and use of age-specific reference standards for normal values. Simple
      laboratory tests such as a well-performed peripheral smear to establish specific
      red cell morphology and red cell indexes to determine red cell size are useful to
      classify anemias as microcytic hypochromic, normocytic normochromic, or
      macrocytic normochromic. Addition of the reticulocyte index to these tests allows
      subdivision of these anemias according to three different pathogenetic
      mechanisms: hypoproliferation, hyperproliferation, or abnormal maturation of red
      cells. Patient management depends on systematic determination of the pathogenesis
      of the anemia, because some anemias are of a genetic origin and no specific
      treatment is needed, some are best treated by specific replacement, and some are
      dependent on treatment of the primary disease.

PMID- 4048037
TI  - Periodic health monitoring. How to help patients stay well.

PMID- 4048038
TI  - Sulfite sensitivity. 'Minor problem' proves major hazard for some.

PMID- 4048039
TI  - Dealing with the violent patient. Management strategies to avoid common errors.
AB  - Knowledge of the specific warning signs that may presage violence allows the
      physician to comprehensively evaluate the potentially dangerous patient and
      proceed carefully with appropriate intervention. The physician must strive not to
      suppress the natural reaction of fear, as most maladaptive responses derive from
      underestimating the risks involved or overestimating one's abilities to handle
      the situation. Research on the topic of patient violence has been neglected and
      is urgently needed.

PMID- 4048040
TI  - Cost-saving procedures for urinary tract infections.

PMID- 4048042
TI  - Physician glut: myth or reality?

PMID- 4048041
TI  - Personalized care still physicians duty.

PMID- 4048043
TI  - Exercise prescription requires precision.

PMID- 4048044
TI  - Nutrition and the elderly. 1. Nutrition assessment and education.

PMID- 4048045
TI  - Nutrition and the elderly. 2. The effects of diet on gastrointestinal-related
      diseases.

PMID- 4048046
TI  - An economic analysis of performance data from toe-clipped laying hens housed at
      variable stocking densities.
AB  - Data from a previously reported study investigating the interaction of toe
      clipping and stocking density on laying-hen performance were subjected to
      economic analyses to determine optimal profit-producing combinations of these two
      management practices. In three separate trials, toe-clipped (TC) and intact (IN)
      pullets were examined at caging densities of either 4 (465 cm2/hen) or 5 (372
      cm2/hen) birds per cage. In each trial, beginning at 22 wk of age, hen production
      performance (hen-day egg production, hen-housed egg production, feed consumption,
      body weight, and mortality) was assessed for 12 28-day periods of lay.
      Performance criteria were averaged over all trials and used to determine per cage
      returns ($) above feed and pullet rearing costs (irrespective of fixed costs) and
      per cage profits (gross returns minus total costs) for the four treatment
      combinations. Economic analyses were also adjusted for hatchery toe-clipping
      costs. Profits (or losses) from each toe treatment stocking-density combination
      were calculated under variable egg and feed prices. At a blended egg price of
      $.35/doz, all cage systems lost money. Housing hen TC, 5/cage, yielded the
      greatest profits or least losses in 76% of the toe treatment stocking-density
      combinations studied. Economic returns were greatest for TC hens, 5/cage, at an
      egg price of $.55/doz when feed costs ranged from $140 to $230/ton and at egg
      prices higher than $.55/doz, regardless of feed prices. However, when these price
      combinations exist, housing hens IN, 4/cage is more profitable than housing hens
      TC, 4/cage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4048047
TI  - Pathological changes associated with the feeding of soybean oil or oil extracted
      from different rapeseed cultivars to single comb white Leghorn cockerels.
AB  - A total of 384 Single Comb White Leghorn cockerels of the Hyline strain were fed
      either a basal (control) diet containing no added oil or a diet supplemented with
      20% by weight of soybean oil, rapeseed oil from cultivars Tower, Candle, a
      mixture of Echo and Arlo high erucic acid rapeseed (HEAR), or R-500. Levels of
      erucic acid (22:1) in the rapeseed diets varied from .03 to 10.31%. Three birds
      from each unit were killed at 28, 56, 84, and 112 days and a wide range of
      tissues were examined histologically. A number of birds in all dietary groups had
      healed lesions of avian encephalomalacia. Two cockerels fed HEAR oil and 12 fed R
      500 developed marked ascites, firm shrunken livers, hydropericardium, and
      cachectic muscular atrophy. Marked periacinar necrosis was present in birds dying
      with ascites. A significantly higher number of birds fed the rapeseed oils
      developed hepatic sinusoidal distention than birds fed the basal or soybean oil
      diets. Degenerative myocardial changes were seen only in R-500 and HEAR oil-fed
      birds. This, coupled with hepatic changes, producing shrunken firm livers, led to
      development of ascites, cachectic muscular atrophy, and periacinar hepatic
      necrosis. These changes were probably produced by the high erucic acid content of
      the HEAR and R-500 oils and the resultant grossly imbalanced diet.

PMID- 4048048
TI  - Bacitracin methylene disalicylate in broiler breeder feeds.
AB  - A 32-week experiment was carried out in floor pens with Cobb X Cobb breeder
      pullets that were 28 weeks old at initiation. Ten replicate pens, each containing
      13 pullets and 2 males, received one of four dietary treatments. These treatments
      were either an unmedicated feed or 27.5, 55, or 110 mg/kg of bacitracin methylene
      disalicylate (BMD). All feeds contained 13.2 mg/kg of hygromycin B. Feed was
      allocated at a rate of 159 g per day and water was provided continuously. Hen-day
      egg production was significantly improved by the feeding of 27.5 mg/kg or more of
      BMD. Egg weights were significantly lower for all groups receiving the drug. Eggs
      of birds receiving 110 mg/kg were significantly heavier than those produced with
      27.5 mg/kg, but neither differed statistically from those of the 55 mg/kg group.
      Neither final body weight nor overall mortality was significantly related to
      treatment. Egg fertility was significantly improved by 27.5 mg/kg or more of BMD.
      Hatchability of fertile eggs was not affected by the drug, but total hatchability
      was significantly increased through BMD feeding, largely on the strength of
      improved fertility.

PMID- 4048049
TI  - Independent effects of dietary metabolizable energy and protein concentrations on
      performance and carcass characteristics of Tom turkeys.
AB  - An experiment was conducted to determine the independent and interaction effects
      of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and protein concentrations on performance of
      Large White toms from 9 to 20 weeks of age. Diet treatments consisted of a
      complete factorial arrangement of three ME concentrations and three protein
      concentrations within each age interval (9 to 12, 12 to 16, and 16 to 20 weeks).
      The different ME concentrations were obtained by using an animal-vegetable fat
      blend at 0, 4, or 8% of the diets. Dietary protein levels tested provided
      approximately 88, 97, or 107% of those recommended by National Research Council
      (1977) for each age interval. The ME concentrations represented 95, 100, or 105%
      of those used most frequently in commercial feeding programs in the central
      United States. Dietary ME and protein concentrations had significant (P less than
      .03) independent effects on turkey performance. As each diet variable was
      increased, gain in body weight and feed efficiency were improved. Increasing
      dietary ME reduced the amount of protein consumed per kilogram of gain but not
      the ME consumed per kilogram of gain. Protein consumed per kilogram gain
      increased as dietary protein increased, while ME intake per kilogram gain
      decreased. Carcass composition and parts yield of the carcass were affected only
      slightly by dietary ME and protein concentration. No significant (P greater than
      .10) interaction effects of dietary ME and protein were detected, except in the
      instance of absolute quantity of carcass protein (P less than .07).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4048050
TI  - Response of broilers to DL-methionine hydroxy analog free acid, DL-methionine,
      and L-methionine.
AB  - An experiment was designed to compare graded levels of DL-methionine hydroxy
      analog, free acid, 88% in aqueous solution; 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid
      (HMB), the aqueous solution of the sodium salt of DL-methionine (40%) (DLM), and
      crystalline L-methionine (LM) as sources of supplemental methionine activity. The
      experiment utilized 2160 broilers of each sex grown in separate pens to 7 weeks
      of age with a lysine-supplemented corn-soybean meal basal diet. These supplements
      produced a maximum 15% growth response over the unsupplemented basal diet. There
      were no statistically significant differences among the three sources in
      producing weight gain and feed conversion. There were no source X level
      interactions with regard to body weight gain. There was one source X level
      interaction (at 7 weeks) for feed conversion. The results support the conclusion
      that when synthetic sources of methionine activity are used to meet the
      requirement for total sulfur amino acids in practical corn-soybean meal diets for
      producing 7-week-old broilers, the chicks are capable of utilizing HMB, DLM, and
      LM with an efficiency that is indistinguishable.

PMID- 4048051
TI  - Effect of initial insemination and insemination interval on fertility in turkey
      hens.
AB  - Large White turkey hens were used to observe fertility through a 20-week laying
      cycle (31 to 51 weeks of age), following early initial inseminations (EI) and
      late initial inseminations (LI). Early initial inseminations were made on Days 13
      and 15 following photostimulation with subsequent artificial insemination (AI)
      every 7 (EI + 7) or 14 (EI + 14) days. Late initial inseminations were made on
      Days 20 and 22 postlighting with subsequent AI every 7 (LI + 7) or 14 (LI + 14)
      days. Percent of egg production, fertility, and hatch of fertile eggs were
      measured following the initial AI in each treatment. No significant differences
      in egg production were seen between treatments. Percent of fertility was greatest
      in Weeks 6 to 20 with 7-day AI intervals as compared to 14-day intervals. Early
      inseminations resulted in higher fertility than LI with 14-day AI intervals, but
      no difference was observed with 7-day intervals. Greater fertility in EI + 14
      hens through 20 weeks of egg production, as compared to LI + 14 hens, seems to
      lend further support to the concept of enhanced oviduct receptiveness to
      spermatozoa before egg production commences.

PMID- 4048052
TI  - Kidney function of single comb white Leghorn pullets following acute renal portal
      infusion of the mycotoxin citrinin.
AB  - Poultry consuming diets contaminated with citrinin excrete copious quantities of
      urine and exhibit increased water consumption. The present study was conducted to
      determine if citrinin acts directly on the kidneys and, if so, to provide a
      detailed physiological evaluation of the nephrotoxic effects of citrinin. Single
      Comb White Leghorn pullets were anesthetized and prepared for renal function
      studies. Ureteral urine was collected during a pre-infusion period (30 min),
      during unilateral renal portal infusion of 200 ppm citrinin (30 min), and during
      a recovery period following citrinin infusion (90 min). Pilot studies had shown
      that 200 ppm citrinin is the lowest dose capable of causing consistent unilateral
      responses when infused at a rate of .2 ml/kg body weight (BW) X min. The
      responses of the portal-infused kidneys were compared with the responses of the
      contralateral (uninfused) kidneys to determine the direct effects of citrinin.
      Citrinin had no acute direct (unilateral) effect on glomerular filtration rate,
      renal plasma flow rate, urine pH, or fractional calcium or magnesium excretion.
      Citrinin caused rapid unilateral increases in urine flow rates, free water
      clearance, and in fractional sodium, potassium, and inorganic phosphate
      excretion. Increased solute excretion did not compensate for increased free water
      clearance, as reflected by a significant decrease in urine osmolality. Recovery
      from the effects of citrinin occurred within 30 min after cessation of unilateral
      renal portal infusion. No histopathological damage was seen when citrinin was
      infused at 200 and 800 ppm, although dose-related increases in urine flow and
      decreases in urine osmolality were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4048053
TI  - Effect of nutrient intake on performance of dwarf broiler breeders.
AB  - An experiment was undertaken to test the response of dwarf broiler pullets when
      fed on two planes of nutrition in the growing period and fed either a 17 or 19%
      protein diet in the breeder house. Pullets offered 20% more feed in the growing
      period were heavier at 21 weeks of age and reached 50% egg production 2 weeks
      earlier than birds fed the regular diet. Pullets fed 20% more feed in the growing
      period and full-fed to 26 weeks in the laying house, gained appreciably more
      weight, and although they came into production faster, were less persistent in
      lay than birds fed the regular diet. There was no difference in egg production,
      egg size, or body composition of dwarfs fed 17 or 19% breeder diets.

PMID- 4048054
TI  - Nutritional significance of different fat sources for growing broilers.
AB  - Increasing the dietary supplementation of a number of fats and oils from 30 to 90
      g/kg improved the growth rate and feed conversion of broilers without
      significantly increasing carcass fat content. Optimum growth responses were
      obtained with vegetable oils. The concentrations of linoleic acid or unsaturated
      fatty acids in animal tallows may have a greater nutritional significance than
      the concentrations of free fatty acids.

PMID- 4048055
TI  - Effect of dietary aflatoxin on the uptake and elimination of chlortetracycline in
      broiler chicks.
AB  - Day-old broiler chicks were fed 0, 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 micrograms aflatoxin/g of
      feed for 3 weeks. Chlortetracycline (CTC) was administered in the drinking water
      at a concentration of 50 mg/liter for 27 hr starting on Day 21. Three hours after
      initiation of the CTC treatment, birds receiving 2.5 and 5.0 micrograms/g dietary
      aflatoxin had significantly lower CTC in blood compared with the controls. At 12
      and 27 hr after the initiation of CTC treatment, birds receiving any level of
      aflatoxin had significantly decreased blood levels of CTC compared with the
      controls. Intravenous injection of CTC of control birds and birds receiving 2.5
      micrograms/g aflatoxin revealed a significant decrease in the elimination half
      life of CTC and a significant increase in the total systemic clearance of CTC in
      the birds receiving dietary aflatoxin. Birds receiving 2.5 micrograms/g dietary
      aflatoxin also had a significant increase in the volume of gall bladder bile;
      however, this did not result in a greater amount of CTC being eliminated via
      bile. Studies on protein binding of CTC in the plasma of control birds and the
      plasma of birds receiving 2.5 micrograms/g dietary aflatoxin demonstrated that
      60% more CTC is "free", or unbound, in the plasma of birds receiving no
      aflatoxin. These results suggest that aflatoxicosis lowers the plasma
      concentrations of CTC as a result of a decreased binding of CTC to plasma
      protein. This allows more unbound CTC to be available for elimination from the
      plasma by a means other than the liver, most likely via the kidney.

PMID- 4048056
TI  - Electrophoretic separation of serum proteins and lipoproteins of young turkeys
      infected with Eimeria meleagrimitis or Eimeria adenoeides.
AB  - Electrophoretic separation of serum proteins of Eimeria-infected turkeys showed
      five major fractions with significant decreases in albumin levels and significant
      increases in the alpha 2- and gamma-globulins as compared with controls. The
      alpha 1- and beta-globulin levels were similar to those of the controls.
      Significant differences between infected turkeys and uninfected pair-fed controls
      suggested that protein changes were not solely due to the anorexia associated
      with Eimeria infections. The increase in alpha 2-globulins was not due to an
      increase in ceruloplasmin. Indirect fluorescent antibody tests using serum from
      infected poults as an antibody source were positive, indicating that at least
      part of the increase in the gamma-globulin fraction was due to the production of
      immunoglobulins. Electrophoretic separation of plasma lipoproteins showed three
      to four major bands with a sharp decrease in the portomicrons among infected
      poults. There was no increase in the pre-beta-lipoproteins (which have the same
      electrophoretic mobility as the alpha 2-globulins), indicating that the increase
      in alpha 2-globulins was not due to an increase in the lipoprotein part of this
      fraction.

PMID- 4048057
TI  - Presumptive diagnosis of subclinical infections utilizing computer-assisted
      analysis of sequential enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays against multiple
      antigens.
AB  - One-hundred-seventy-two serum samples, collected sequentially from four flocks of
      egg- and meat-type chickens, were evaluated for antibodies to multiple infectious
      agents by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MELISA). The MELISA system used
      provided simultaneous measurement of antibody titers against avian infectious
      bronchitis (IB), infectious bursal disease (BD), Newcastle disease, avian
      encephalomyelitis and reovirus infections, and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. The use
      of computer-generated graphic print outs of relative MELISA titers provided
      immediate visulization of over 740 data points and convenient detection of any
      temporal changes in median titer class (MTC). The temporally changing MTC, or
      flock profiles obtained, indicated that negligible or waning IB immunity may be a
      common occurrence in previously vaccinated commercial chickens. These profiles
      further suggested that, despite no IB revaccination, these same flocks
      experienced episodes of reexposure to IB which otherwise may have been difficult
      to detect by conventional clinical or diagnostic laboratory protocols. MELISA
      profiles and sequential histologic examinations of bursas of Fabricius also
      provided evidence of a possible BD vaccination problem in young chickens that
      also experienced excessive losses from coccidiosis, ulcerative enteritis, and
      Marek's disease. Short sampling intervals were found to foster the detection and
      definition of fluctuations in MTC which otherwise may have been missed.

PMID- 4048058
TI  - Recovery of inoculated Salmonella from poultry feed containing furazolidone.
AB  - It was determined that the presence of furazolidone, a common feed additive,
      prevented detection of Salmonella in feed samples. Artificially inoculated
      Salmonella were not recovered from feed samples containing furazolidone when
      buffered peptone broth (BP) was used as an enrichment medium, but Salmonella were
      recovered from all feed samples containing furazolidone when thiol broth was used
      as a substitute for BP.

PMID- 4048059
TI  - Studies of the fungistatic activity of antifungal compounds in mash and pelleted
      feeds.
AB  - The effect of calcium propionate (CP) and Agrosil (AG) as mold inhibitors in
      wetted mash and pelleted feed was studied using both commercial cattle and
      poultry rations. Number of fungal colonies isolated after pelleting was markedly
      reduced; however, wetting the pellets accelerated the build-up of inoculum and
      resulted in spoilage. The addition of CP (.3%) to the cattle ration before
      pelleting prevented mold proliferation during one month of storage while the
      number of fungal colonies counted in pellets treated with AG (.15%) markedly
      increased over that period. However, AG had a longer fungistatic effect than CP
      in preserving the mash diet. Both materials, applied at .2%, were ineffective in
      preserving wet pelleted poultry feed. After 17 days of storage, feed treated with
      either of the agents was visibly moldy. In all cases, an increase in mold
      population was concomitant with elevated carbon dioxide concentrations, which
      indicated the sensitivity of this parameter for measuring fungal activity. Fat
      content of the diets remained unchanged during the storage period in spite of
      increased fungal activity.

PMID- 4048060
TI  - Effects of aflatoxin on young turkeys and broiler chickens.
AB  - The effect of crude aflatoxin (AF) on the growth, performance, and immune
      response of turkeys and broilers was studied. Crude AF, produced from a natural
      outbreak of Aspergillus flavus on corn, was ground and mixed in rations to
      contain either 0, 100, 200, 400, or 800 ppb of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Turkeys
      (Experiment 1) and broilers (Experiment 2) were used in identical experimental
      designs. In each, 200, 14-day-old birds were divided equally by sex into five
      groups of 40 and were fed one of five AF diets for 35 days. In Experiment 1,
      crude AF greater than or equal to 400 ppb was highly toxic to turkeys. These
      levels produced signs and lesions of aflatoxicosis as well as a significant
      decrease in weight gain and feed conversion during 5 weeks. In addition,
      microscopic lesions, indicative of aflatoxicosis, were evident as low as 100 ppb,
      and significant decreases in cell-mediated immunity were noted in the 200 ppb
      group birds. Experiment 2 indicated that chickens were less susceptible to crude
      AF than turkeys. Neither morbidity nor mortality occurred in broilers. Gross
      lesions consistent with AF toxicity were evident in birds given 800 ppb and
      microscopic lesions were observed in birds given 100 ppb. Feed conversion was
      significantly increased in the 800 ppb broilers only. Cell-mediated immunity,
      measured by a delayed hypersensitive skin test, was significantly decreased in
      broilers receiving AF at 200 ppb or greater. Neither humoral immunity nor the
      development of the acquired immunity to Newcastle disease or fowl cholera
      vaccination were decreased in turkeys or broilers given AF.

PMID- 4048061
TI  - A methodological study of the relationship between the metabolizable energy
      values of two meat meals and their level of inclusion in the diet.
AB  - The nitrogen-corrected apparent (AMEn) and true (TMEn) metabolizable energy
      values of a low-fat and a high-fat meat meal (MM) were studied. Adult roosters
      were fed ad libitum on a basal diet or a mixture of the basal diet and one of the
      two MM. At up to 60% incorporation, MM were introduced at the expense of corn in
      the basal diet. Dietary inclusion was at 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60%; birds were also
      force-fed pure MM. The ME of MM decreased as MM content in the diet increased.
      Highest AMEn were observed when the MM was 5% of the diet (3356 and 1715 kcal/kg
      for the high- and low-fat MM, respectively); this may have been attributable to
      synergism of MM and basal diet fatty acids. The lower ME observed with higher MM
      could result from interactions between calcium and one or both fatty acids and
      proteins. It is concluded that ME of MM should be measured in diets containing
      low practical MM. Artificially high experimental levels of 50 or 100% may lead to
      underestimation of the energy of MM.

PMID- 4048062
TI  - Sodium bioavailability from phosphate sources.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted with day-old broiler chicks from 1 to 21 days of
      age to measure the relative bioavailability of sodium from three commercially
      available defluorinated phosphates and two reagent sources (monosodium and
      dibasic sodium phosphate) compared to sodium chloride as the standard. Ten chicks
      were assigned to each pen in the first experiment and eight chicks in the second.
      Each diet was fed to three pens of males and three pens of females within an
      experiment. Feed-grade sodium chloride was added to a basal feed containing
      dicalcium phosphate in increments of .05% (0 to .25%) to provide total sodium
      levels from 180 to 967 ppm. Each of the defluorinated materials was substituted
      into the dicalcium basal at a level sufficient to provide one-half of the
      supplemental phosphorus. Reagent phosphate sources were added to the basal in
      amounts sufficient to supply .059% sodium, the same amount as provided by .15%
      sodium chloride. Reagent grade ammonium chloride was added to treatment diets to
      ensure a level of .156% total chloride. Mortality was related to sodium level and
      was excessive only for the treatment receiving no supplementation. Significant
      manure moisture increases were associated with up to .10% supplemental sodium
      chloride. Slope-ratio calculations of sodium availability, using body weight and
      daily sodium intake, revealed average availability values over the experiment
      ranging from 83.9 to 89.8% for the three defluorinated sources. Availability for
      monobasic sodium phosphate was calculated to be 91.8%, while that of the dibasic
      source was somewhat higher at 97.2%.

PMID- 4048063
TI  - The effects of increased levels of niacin supplementation on growth rate and
      carcass composition of broiler chickens.
AB  - Four experiments were conducted to examine the response of broiler chickens to
      different levels of niacin. Practical-type diets, calculated to contain from 20.7
      to 23.7 mg niacin per kg from intact ingredients, were fortified with a complete
      vitamin mixture which provided 33 mg supplemental niacin per kg of diet, in
      excess of the National Research Council (1977) suggested requirement of 27 mg per
      kg through 6 weeks of age. A niacinamide supplement was used to provide
      additional levels of 0, 33, or 66 mg per kg. Diets differed in content of added
      fat and energy levels in two of the experiments and in the presence or absence of
      animal protein sources in two others. The addition of niacinamide at 33 and 66 mg
      per kg to a diet already supplemented with 33 mg per kg from a complete vitamin
      premix, calculated to exceed the present NRC suggested requirement, resulted in
      improved body weight gains with sex differences noted in some experiments. Feed
      utilization was improved in some studies. There was no effect on the amount of
      abdominal fat or carcass dressing percentage. The results of these studies
      indicate that the modern rapidly growing broiler chick may require niacin levels
      greater than those generally recommended by the National Research Council (1977),
      which are based largely on studies where performance was considerably lower than
      obtained with the modern strains of broilers.

PMID- 4048064
TI  - Long-term effect of incubation temperatures on production parameters and changes
      in luteinizing hormone and gonadal steroids during the onset of lay in the hen.
AB  - Earlier studies demonstrated that different incubation temperatures (33.8 or 37.8
      C) from Day 17 of incubation until hatching resulted in differences in postnatal
      growth rate and hormonal parameters. These studies were repeated and extended to
      the reproduction period. The onset of egg laying was significantly delayed by 5
      days in the 33.8 C group compared to the 37.8 C group. No differences in percent
      egg production were found between the groups after 3 or 5 months of production:
      however, mean egg weight was significantly reduced in the 33.8 C group by 1.9 and
      1.8 g over 3 and 5 months of production, respectively. Serum concentrations of
      luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), progesterone (P4), and
      testosterone (T) were measured weekly at the same time of day approximately 4
      weeks before to 4 weeks after the onset of lay. The changes in levels of all
      hormones over the period studied were identical for both experimental groups.
      Luteinizing hormone, T, and E2, but not E1 and P4, were different before and
      after onset of lay in both groups. There were no significant correlations between
      hormonal levels before onset of lay and production traits for individual hens. In
      the 33.8 C group, after onset of lay, significant positive correlations were
      observed between serum E2 and egg production and serum LH and egg production;
      however, these correlation coefficients were not significant in the 37.8 C group.
      Significant negative correlation coefficients were observed in both groups
      between serum E2 after onset of lay and age at first egg.

PMID- 4048065
TI  - Dispersal of estradiol-17 beta from the site of injection in the pectoral muscles
      of Japanese quail.
AB  - Exogenous estrogens, if given in sufficient quantity, stimulate vitellogenesis in
      the males of vitellogenic species. In the present study, ethanolic solutions of
      estradiol-17 beta (E2), labeled with 16-alpha-[125I]iodoestradiol ([125I]E2) or
      sodium iodide (Na125I), were injected into the pectoral muscles of male Japanese
      quail. The rate of dispersal of the estradiol from the site of injection was
      measured in vivo during 4 days. The curves of radioactivity appeared to be
      diphasic. The dose percentages forming the second phase of these curves and the
      half-time for the second phase were: for 16 mumol E2 ([125I]E2 label)/100 g body
      weight, 84.6% and 27.6 hr; for 6 pmol [125I]E2/100 g, 20.0% and 17.2 hr; for 16
      mumol E2 (Na125I label)/100 g, 6.7% and 99.0 hr, and for Na125I, 6.1% and 83.1
      hr. Thus, in male quail the estradiol-induced stimulation of vitellogenesis
      apparently resulted from a continuing hormonal pressure on the liver during the
      period of study and not from a rapid flow of E2 to the liver shortly after
      injection.

PMID- 4048066
TI  - Semen production, sperm quality, and their heritabilities as influenced by
      selection for fertility of frozen-thawed semen in the chicken.
AB  - Ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, and sperm number per ejaculate were
      measured six times from 8 to 15 months of age, and testes and body weight at 15
      months of age, on Generation 9 males of a line of broiler breeders selected for
      fertility of frozen-thawed semen and those of a randombred control line. Sperm
      quality (percent normal, percent abnormal, and percent dead sperm) was determined
      on Generation 10 males at 11 months of age. Selection decreased (P less than .01)
      ejaculate volume and sperm number per ejaculate. The control line had 4.9% more
      abnormal (P less than .05) sperm than the selected line. The differences between
      the lines for sperm concentration, testes and body weights, and percent dead
      sperm were not significant (P greater than .05). The correlation coefficients of
      fertility of frozen-thawed semen with percent abnormal and percent dead sperm
      were negative but were positive with percent normal sperm. The heritability and
      repeatability estimates of ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, and sperm
      number per ejaculate ranged from .34 to .73 and .33 to .51, respectively.

PMID- 4048067
TI  - Hematological response of immunized and serially bled Japanese quail.
AB  - Sexually mature female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were immunized
      by an intravenous injection with .5 ml of a 7.5% suspension of Chukar partridge
      (Alectoris graeca chukar) red blood cells (CRBC). Blood samples were collected
      either serially from one group of quail or a single time from separate groups of
      quail at 0 (nonimmunized), 3, 6, and 9 days post-immunization. Total anti-CRBC
      hemagglutinin titers (HA) were measured by a microhemagglutinin procedure.
      Selected hematological variables were also measured. Mean HA was not affected by
      serial blood sampling. Total erythrocyte numbers, percent hematocrit, and
      hemoglobin levels were depressed in serially bled quail at 3 days
      postimmunization. Reticulocytosis was found in serially bled quail at 6 days
      postimmunization.

PMID- 4048068
TI  - Direct fetal chromosome studies from chorionic villi.
AB  - An easy and reproducible technique for direct fetal chromosome analysis after
      chorionic biopsy is described. Very high colchicine concentration and
      rehydratation of the fixed villi are the two original points of this method.

PMID- 4048069
TI  - Exclusion of citrullinaemia in the first trimester of pregnancy by direct assay
      of argininosuccinate synthetase in chorionic villi.
AB  - Citrullinaemia was presumed to be excluded in a fetus at risk by the direct assay
      of argininosuccinate synthetase in chorionic villi. The diagnosis was confirmed
      after amniocentesis by normal argininosuccinate synthetase activity in the
      cultured amniotic fluid cells and by a normal citrulline concentration in the
      amniotic fluid. The prediction of a normal fetus was confirmed at term by the
      birth of a non-citrullinaemic boy.

PMID- 4048070
TI  - Difficulties in interpretation of AChE gel results in third trimester
      pregnancies.

PMID- 4048071
TI  - [Prospects and advantages of a national register of autopsies].

PMID- 4048072
TI  - [Obstructive sialadenitis. Morphological analysis and subclassification of 696
      cases].

PMID- 4048073
TI  - [Occurrence of acute kidney failure in endocapillary glomerulonephritis of the
      poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis type].

PMID- 4048074
TI  - [Calcific tendinitis. Clinical aspects, morphology, pathogenesis and differential
      diagnosis].

PMID- 4048075
TI  - [Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease). Clinical case report and review
      of the literature].

PMID- 4048076
TI  - [A pancreatic cyst with features of a so-called branchiogenic cyst].

PMID- 4048077
TI  - [Appendicitis--a not always unanimously evaluated disease picture. Morphological
      findings in an appendectomy specimen].

PMID- 4048078
TI  - High- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: correlates in an older population.
AB  - A predominantly upper-middle-class white population of 279 men and 345 women with
      an average age of 66 years was evaluated to determine correlates of high- and low
      density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL and LDL), since these may be the only
      cholesterol measurements predictive of cardiovascular disease after age 50.
      Associations of HDL and LDL with age, alcohol use, obesity, smoking, diet,
      exercise, and medication use were examined using multiple linear regression.
      Alcohol, average and above-average exercise, postmenopausal estrogen use (women),
      B vitamin intake, and corticosteroid use were all positively related to HDL
      levels, and obesity (men only), cigarette smoking, and thyroid hormone use were
      inversely related. The only statistically significant correlates of LDL were an
      increase with age (women only) and lower levels in women using thyroid hormone.
      However, the associations of several behavioral variables with LDL, although not
      statistically significant, were in the expected direction. These results may
      suggest the continuing potential for preventive intervention even in an elderly
      population.

PMID- 4048079
TI  - Distributions and determinants of total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
      in Dutch children and young adults.
AB  - Serum total cholesterol and its putative determinants were measured in 5,089
      subjects, ages 5-30 years, comprising 76% of the total population of two
      districts of the Dutch town of Zoetermeer. From this group, 596 subjects, ages 5
      19 years, were randomly selected, and distributions and determinants of high
      density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were studied in 458 of them. The variables
      studied included body weight; Quetelet index; menarche; parental cholesterol;
      physical activity; consumption of coffee, alcohol, and tobacco; and use of oral
      contraceptives. Mean total cholesterol levels showed a decrease in both boys and
      girls between the ages of 10 and 16 years. Mean HDL cholesterol levels remained
      the same until the age of 17, after which they showed an increase for females and
      a decrease for males. Total cholesterol was associated with age, body weight (in
      those older than 15 years), and parental cholesterol concentrations. For HDL
      cholesterol, the most important determinants were gender, age, and body weight
      (the latter only for males 15 years and older). These findings suggest that
      during growth and maturation the determinants of serum cholesterol differ from
      those later on in life.

PMID- 4048080
TI  - Smoking cessation among coal miners as predicted by baseline respiratory function
      and symptoms: a 5-year prospective study.
AB  - A prospective analysis was used to test whether respiratory impairment or the
      presence of respiratory symptoms predicts 5-year cigarette smoking cessation in a
      sample of 1,118 U.S. white, male, underground coal miners. Miners were examined
      in 1977 and re-examined in 1982 by NIOSH, and all miners with test abnormalities
      were so informed by letter. Respiratory impairment was measured by an index of
      airways obstruction combining the spirometric measures of Forced Vital Capacity
      (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 sec (FEV1). Bronchitis symptoms were
      measured by an index that combined chronic cough (3+ months/year) and chronic
      phlegm (3 + months/year). Among these coal miners, the presence of chronic
      respiratory symptoms initially was inversely associated with cigarette smoking
      cessation. Respiratory impairment, however, was positively associated with
      cigarette smoking cessation but did not reach statistical significance.

PMID- 4048081
TI  - Promoting weight control at the worksite: a pilot program of self-motivation
      using payroll-based incentives.
AB  - Thirty-six individuals participated in a worksite weight-loss program in which
      the central component was a self-motivation program of biweekly payroll
      deductions refunded contingent on meeting self-selected weight-loss goals. Half
      were assigned to early treatment and the remainder to a delayed treatment control
      group. Nine additional individuals also enrolled at the time of delayed treatment
      and were included in descriptive analyses of factors associated with weight loss.
      Results showed low program attrition over 6 months (6%) and mean weight losses
      (12.3 lb) that are competitive with those obtained in clinical settings. Although
      not different at baseline, participants in the delayed treatment group lost more
      than twice as much weight as those in the early treatment condition. This
      difference was interpreted as either a strong seasonal effect or a critical mass
      effect related to the proportion of employees at the worksite participating in
      the program. We conclude that self-motivation programs for health behavior change
      using the payroll system as an organization framework offer a promising new
      methodology for promoting healthful behaviors in work settings.

PMID- 4048082
TI  - Circumstances surrounding relapse in a group of recent exsmokers.
AB  - This study examined the situational factors leading to relapse in a group of 69
      smokers who quit and returned to smoking during a 1-year period following
      participation in a stop smoking clinic. Two-thirds of relapses occurred in the
      first 3 months after quitting, with the largest percentage (13/47 = 40%)
      occurring in the first week following cessation. Results showed that the
      circumstances leading to relapse varied as a function of the amount of time off
      of cigarettes. Among subjects relapsing in the first week after quitting,
      withdrawal symptoms and craving a cigarette was the most frequently cited reason
      for relapse. After the first week of cessation, coping with crisis situations and
      exposure to certain smoking triggers, such as the presence of other smokers and
      consumption of alcohol and coffee, were the main reasons given for relapse. The
      findings from this study suggest that pharmacologic influences associated with
      withdrawal from nicotine play an important role in early relapse, while
      psychosocial aspects of the smoking habit (i.e., coping with stress, other
      smokers) are the main causes of later relapse. The implications of these findings
      for relapse prevention are discussed.

PMID- 4048083
TI  - Tracking of serum lipids and lipoproteins in children over an 8-year period: the
      Bogalusa Heart Study.
AB  - Although children initially identified as having elevated levels of coronary
      heart disease risk factors tend to have elevated follow-up levels (track), a
      substantial proportion show regression to the mean. Relationships of both genetic
      and environmental factors to tracking of serum lipids and lipoproteins over an 8
      year period were examined in children from a biracial community. Associations
      between initial and follow-up levels were similar at 3, 5, and 8 years of follow
      up; however, differences between the race-sex groups were observed. Two initial
      measurements reduced the number of nontrackers (children with high initial and
      decreased follow-up levels). Fathers of children showing persistently elevated
      levels of either serum total cholesterol or triglycerides were more likely to
      have diabetes mellitus or to have had heart attacks than were fathers of
      nontrackers. Children tracking for elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
      levels had larger increases in triceps skinfold thickness than did the
      nontrackers. Children consuming alcohol tended to have elevated levels of high
      density and decreased levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol at follow-up.
      These observations indicate that the use of repeated serum lipid and lipoprotein
      determinations, along with measurements of obesity and information concerning
      family history of heart attack and diabetes mellitus, can aid in the prediction
      of future elevated serum lipid and lipoprotein levels.

PMID- 4048084
TI  - Respiratory morbidity in smokers of low- and high-yield cigarettes.
AB  - To study the association between smoking cigarettes with a low yield of tar and
      nicotine (tar less than 15.0 mg per cigarette and nicotine less than 1.0 mg) and
      respiratory disease, we reviewed the medical records of 4,610 current, regular
      cigarette smokers and 2,035 persons who had never used any form of tobacco and
      who were enrolled in a smoking study. In the year after recruitment to the study,
      the percentage of subjects with pneumonia or influenza was lower in female but
      not in male smokers of low-yield cigarettes. The percentage of subjects with any
      disease of the respiratory tract was lower in both male and female smokers of low
      yield cigarettes. In multiple logistic regression analyses in which tar was
      included as a continuous variable and in which we also controlled for age, sex,
      race, and number of cigarettes smoked per day, smoking lower tar cigarettes was
      associated with lower risk for pneumonia or influenza, but not with the risk for
      other acute respiratory infections, other diseases of the upper respiratory
      tract, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and allied conditions, or all
      respiratory diseases considered as a group. In other multiple logistic regression
      analyses, in which we controlled for age, race, and sex, smokers of low-yield
      cigarettes had a higher risk for pneumonia or influenza and chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease when compared with subjects who had never used tobacco. We
      conclude that, with regard to pneumonia and influenza seen in an outpatient
      setting, smoking low-yield cigarettes is probably less hazardous than smoking
      high-yield cigarettes, but it still represents a considerable hazard compared
      with not smoking cigarettes at all.

PMID- 4048085
TI  - Characterization of tobacco products: a comparative study of the tar, nicotine,
      and carbon monoxide yields of cigars, manufactured cigarettes, and cigarettes
      made from fine-cut tobacco.
AB  - Yields of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide were compared in selected Canadian
      brands of manufactured and hand-rolled cigarettes, and small and large cigars. To
      control for varying volumes of smoke delivery per cigarette or cigar,
      standardized comparisons in milligrams of toxic substance per liter of smoke were
      made. The mean deliveries per liter of smoke and tar, nicotine, and carbon
      monoxide were highest for small cigars, followed by hand-rolled and manufactured
      cigarettes; large cigars had the lowest deliveries. Five out of six brands of
      cigarettes handmade from fine-cut tobacco delivered significantly more tar,
      nicotine, and carbon monoxide per cigarette or per liter than did the identically
      named manufactured brand.

PMID- 4048086
TI  - Modifying the snack food consumption patterns of inner city high school students:
      the Great Sensations Study.
AB  - The Great Sensations Program is a nutrition-education project developed for high
      school students. It was designed to (a) decrease students' consumption of salty
      snacks and (b) increase students' consumption of fresh fruit snacks. The overall
      programs were designed following principles of social learning: informative
      instruction, participatory classroom activities, personal goal setting, feedback,
      and reinforcement. The program was delivered in six lessons during regular health
      education classes. A parental involvement program consisted of mailers and
      telephone calls to parents to teach them to encourage changes in student snacking
      habits. A schoolwide program was designed to provide out-of-class peer support
      for student modifications in salty snack foods. The program was evaluated in one
      high school using a 2 X 2 design. A second high school served as a no-treatment
      control. Program assessments were made at both schools before and after the
      classes, at the end of the school year, and the following fall the next school
      year following summer vacation. The schoolwide media program was effective in
      decreasing consumption of salty snack foods and in increasing consumption of
      target snack foods. However, only those students receiving classroom instruction
      maintained those changes until the end of the school year. No changes were
      maintained across summer vacation. These outcomes suggest that school programs
      developed using principles of social learning may be effective in facilitating
      important behavior changes at home and at school.

PMID- 4048087
TI  - Noncompliance in screening follow-up among family planning clinic patients with
      cervical dysplasia.
AB  - This investigation estimated the extent of noncompliance with follow-up to
      screening for cervical dysplasia at a public health family planning clinic.
      Available data also permitted examination of the relationship between selected
      background characteristics and compliance with follow-up. Noncompliance was
      defined as failure to respond to notification of an abnormal cervical smear
      (Class III, IV, or V) by failing either to make a follow-up appointment or to
      keep such an appointment after it was made. The sample consisted of 177 women
      with abnormal cervical smears who were screened at the Forsyth County Family
      Planning Clinic between January 1, 1980, and June 30, 1981. Information on the
      women's compliance with the request for follow-up was obtained from a file
      specifically kept for this purpose by the clinic nurse. Background
      characteristics were obtained by reviewing clinic records. Results indicated that
      approximately 17% of the sample was noncompliant. Noncompliant patients were more
      likely to be unmarried, less educated, younger, and to have fewer total health
      problems than women who returned for follow-up. Logistic regression analysis
      revealed that the number of health problems and educational attainment were the
      most important predictors of noncompliance.

PMID- 4048089
TI  - [Gas chromatographic determination of amino acid configuration in the optically
      active stationary phase].
AB  - The synthesis and physico-chemical properties of a novel optically active
      stationary phase--N-stearoyl-L-valyl-t-butylamide (I) applied for GLC separation
      of enantiomeric alpha-amino acids are described. The optical purity of the
      compound (I) is not less than 85%. The efficiency of the phase is shown on
      analyses of the configuration of amino acids in peptidolipids and
      glycopeptidolipids produced by the paraffin-oxidizing bacterium Mycobacterium
      paraffinicum.

PMID- 4048088
TI  - [Action of benzohydrothiochromylium salts on bacterial membranes].
AB  - Cultivation of Staphylococcus 209-P and Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells on media
      containing new antibacterial preparations--iodide and trifluoroacetate
      derivatives of benzohydrothiochromylium resulted in a remarkable lesion of the
      membrane respiratory apparatus, i.e. the amounts of membrane polypeptides, the
      specific concentration of cytochromes, the activities of reductases and oxidases-
      NADH, malate and lactate decreased. Profound changes in the cell cytology were
      observed.

PMID- 4048090
TI  - [Steroid hormone level in patients with Itsenko-Cushing disease].
AB  - A study was made of the content of cortisol, corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol,
      estradiol, testosterone and progesterone in the blood plasma using
      radioimmunoassay and of the content of these hormones or their main metabolites
      in the daily urine using physicochemical methods in 77 patients with an active
      stage of the Icenko-Cushing disease. An acute increase in cortisol secretion, a
      noticeable rise of progesterone secretion, and significant deviations in
      testosterone production having opposite nature in men and women were established:
      in men androgen content in the body was lowered, in women raised. The adrenals
      were shown to be the main site of testosterone and progesterone secretion in
      female patients. One-type disorders of the rhythm of secretion of hormones
      determined during one day (disappearance or reduction of daily variations) were
      revealed.

PMID- 4048091
TI  - [Evaluation of clinical symptoms of Addison's disease].
AB  - A total of 103 patients with Addison's disease were examined. The task was to
      determine the information content of the clinical symptoms of Addison's disease
      in their interrelationship. The theorem of the multiplication of probability of
      independent events and probability of the appearance of at least one event were
      used. On the basis of the above mathematical method it has been established that
      the most informative syndromes of Addison's disease are the combination of
      asthenia and adynamia with mass deficiency, arterial hypotension, skin
      pigmentation and nervous-psychic break-down. In comparing clinical and
      mathematical results it has been shown that a simultaneous appearance of the
      signs of the dyspeptic syndrome, its combinations with the pain abdominal
      syndrome and mass deficiency point out to a possibility of the Addisonian crisis
      or the onset of its development. At least one of three signs of muscular or
      articular involvement is predicted in each patient with Addison's disease. A
      table given in the paper makes it possible to determine the information content
      of numerous complexes of symptoms of Addison's disease.

PMID- 4048092
TI  - [Diagnostic informative value of the method of competitive transcortin binding
      for determining corticosteroid levels in hypercorticism].
AB  - The level of nonmetabolized forms of the corticosteroids hydrocortisone and
      corticosterone in the blood and urine were determined in 3 groups of patients:
      with the Icenko-Cushing disease and syndrome and neuroendocrine form of the
      hypothalamic syndrome. The determination of the level of these hormones, a study
      of their circadian rhythm by the method of concurrent protein binding have shown
      that these indices are rather informative and can be recommended as diagnostic
      and differential criteria for the evaluation of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal
      adrenal system.

PMID- 4048093
TI  - [Testosterone metabolism in the skin of women with hirsutism].
AB  - A study was made of the endogenous testosterone (T) level in the blood plasma,
      the rate of T decomposition and the level of 5 alpha-dehydrotestosterone in the
      pubic skin of women with hirsutism of different genesis. As to T amounts the
      investigated form of androgenization can be placed in the following sequence:
      diencephalic form of ovarian polycystosis greater than congenital adrenogenital
      syndrome greater than ovarian form of polycystosis (before operation) greater
      than idiopathic form of hirsutism greater than ovarian form of polycystosis
      (after operation) greater than healthy women. The rate of T transformation into 5
      alpha-dehydrotesosterone was higher but in patients with the idiopathic form of
      hirsutism whereas the level of 5 alpha-dehydrotestosterone was significantly
      decreased in all the patients. The highest amount of the metabolite was found in
      the patients with idiopathic hirsutism, the lowest in the diencephalic form of
      polycystosis and congenital adrenogenital syndrome. In all the investigated
      clinical forms of androgenization there is a reduced period of the presence of 5
      alpha-dehydrotestosterone in the skin cells. An enhanced process of 5 alpha
      dehydrotestosterone transformation into androstenediols is likely to be the most
      probable cause of this phenomenon. An assumption has been made as to a
      stimulating effect of androstenediols on the virile pattern hair growth in women.

PMID- 4048094
TI  - [Classification of diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 4048095
TI  - [Current classification of diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 4048096
TI  - [Benign tumors of the thyroid gland of non-epithelial origin].

PMID- 4048097
TI  - [Receptor binding of corticosterone in various structures of the rat brain after
      neonatal blockade of the hypophyseal-adrenal system].
AB  - The administration of hydrocortisone to rats on the first 5 days of life causes a
      blockade of the hypophyseal-adrenal system and results in a decrease in the
      number of corticosterone receptors in the hypophysis, hypothalamus and hippocamp.
      Such a decrease in the receptor binding of corticosterone in the brain structures
      involved in the regulation of the hypophyseal-adrenal system by the feedback
      mechanism, is determined by change in the number of true glucocorticoid
      receptors.

PMID- 4048098
TI  - [Monoaminergic structures of the hypothalamus in chronic stress].
AB  - Falk's histochemical fluorescent method was used to study monoamine (MA)
      containing structures in isolated hypothalamus nuclei and in the neurohemal
      region of the medial eminence (ME) in 40 male rats under the conditions of a long
      term stress (6 months) which was caused by a repeated weak electrodermal
      stimulation. A statistically significant decrease in the intensity of MA
      fluorescence in the early period of the experiment, particularly significant in
      the fibers of the paraventricular nucleus and in the ME, was replaced by an
      increase in the intensity of MA fluorescence in the fibers and perikaryons in the
      arcuate paraventricular nuclei and in the ME on the 100th day. On the 180th day
      of the experiment MA fluorescence in the hypothalamus structures of the
      experimental and control rats did not differ significantly. Thus MA in the
      hypothalamus nuclei and ME were involved in adaptation processes of the body to
      chronic stress action. Changes of the MA content were particularly marked in the
      paraventricular nucleus, associated with cortical RH and vasopressin production
      as well as in the arcuate nucleus and in the ME associated with the entry of
      these hormones in the hypophysial portal vessels to regulate ACTH secretion.

PMID- 4048099
TI  - [Comparison of morphological and biochemical indicators of prostatic growth and
      function in castrated rats receiving separately and simultaneously 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol].
AB  - Experiments in vito showed that indicators of prostatic growth (organ mass,
      protein content, DNA) and function (acid phosphatase activity) of castrated rats
      regenerated under the influence of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. The morphological
      structure of this organ showed a pronounced activation of the glandular
      epithelium proliferation by this metabolite without a significant effect on the
      connective tissue. The other testosterone metabolite 5 alpha-androstan-3 beta, 17
      beta-diol did not influence biochemical indicators but according to the
      morphological data it stimulated the secretory activity of the glandular
      epithelium and connective tissue formation. As a result of a combined effect of
      the metabolites the influence of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone on the proliferative
      processes in the prostate was limited, and the response of the connective tissue
      to 5 alpha-androstan-3 beta, 17 beta-diol preserved. The results obtained were
      not in accord with a hypothesis that 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone is the only
      physiologically active testosterone metabolite in the rat pancreas, and confirmed
      the idea of androgen functional interrelationship.

PMID- 4048100
TI  - [Effect of acute stress on the fatty acid composition of lipids of adrenal and
      heart mitochondria in rabbits].
AB  - A comparative study of changes in the fatty acid composition of rabbit heart and
      adrenal mitochondria was carried out after acute (1h) immobilization stress. In
      heart mitochondria the stress induced a decrease in the content of capric,
      lauric, myristic and pentadecanic acids. A statistically significant reduction of
      the amount of heptadecanoic, linoleic, arachidonic acids and an increase in the
      level of palmitic acid was noted in adrenal mitochondria. The acute stress
      resulted in differently directed shifts in the saturation of fatty acids. An
      elevation of the sum of unsaturated fatty acids was observed in the heart, and a
      decrease was detected in the adrenal glands. The above shifts in the fatty acid
      composition of adrenal and heart mitochondria provide evidence for different
      directions of lipid metabolism in these organs following stress.

PMID- 4048101
TI  - [H3-labeled cortisol metabolism in the renal, splenic and thymic cells of intact
      and adrenalectomized rats].
AB  - A study was made of the metabolism of 3H-cortisol in the kidney, spleen and
      thymus cytosol and microsomes of intact and adrenalectomized rats. Cortisone and
      tetrahydrocortisone were found to be the main cortisol metabolites in the kidney
      cytosol and microsomes in these two groups of animals. In intact rats, the
      tetrahydrocortisone level in the kidney cytosol was hizher than that in the
      microsome fraction. After adrenalectomy opposite changes were noted: the
      tetrahydrocortisone level was increased in the microsome fraction and
      significantly lowered in the cytosol which might be accounted for by a decreased
      rate of cortisol metabolism and a raised retention of tetrahydrocortisone by the
      endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Cortisone and tetrahydrocortisone turned out to
      be the main metabolites of cortisol the rat spleen and thymus cytosol but their
      content was much lower than that in the kidneys.

PMID- 4048102
TI  - [Plasma lipoprotein absorption by steroid-producing organs in the rat].
AB  - A study was made of the blood plasma iodinated lipoprotein (LP) absorption by the
      organs and tissues of rats following i.v. injection. The adrenals and ovaries
      were shown to effectively absorb high density lipoproteins (HDL) as compared to
      the liver, spleen, kidneys, heart and lungs. HDL absorption reached its maximum
      30 min after LP injection. Six hours later the adrenal tissue radioactivity level
      decreased by 30% and after 12 h 3-fold. The time-course of HDL absorption by the
      ovaries was characterized by a slow increase in radioactivity after 6 h and a
      gradual decrease of the label index after 12 h. Differences in HDL absorption by
      the adrenals and ovaries reflected some functional features of these steroid
      producing organs.

PMID- 4048103
TI  - [Correction of changes in hemodynamics and blood oxygen transport in patients
      with bronchopulmonary diseases using heliox].

PMID- 4048104
TI  - [Pathogenesis of respiratory insufficiency in diseases of the lungs and organs in
      the abdominal cavity].

PMID- 4048105
TI  - [Forced expiratory flow-volume curves in the elderly].

PMID- 4048106
TI  - [Evolution of and outlook for surgical developments in pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 4048107
TI  - [Lobectomy and conservative resections in disseminated forms of pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 4048108
TI  - [Diagnosis and course of an aneurysm of the chief branch of the pulmonary artery
      complicated by an arteriobronchial fistula].

PMID- 4048109
TI  - [Prevention of acute disorders of gas exchange and hemodynamics in surgery on the
      lungs].

PMID- 4048110
TI  - [Use of peridural anesthesia in tuberculosis surgery].

PMID- 4048111
TI  - [Morphohistochemical characteristics of the lungs in tuberculous infection in
      mice sensitive and resistant to tuberculosis].

PMID- 4048112
TI  - [Immunologic reactivity and healing reactions in animals with experimental
      tuberculosis as affected by chemotherapy].

PMID- 4048113
TI  - [Operation for pulmonary tuberculosis in a patient with systemic lupus
      erythematosus].

PMID- 4048114
TI  - [Tuberculosis of the palatine tonsils].

PMID- 4048115
TI  - [Role of centralized control as a method of preventing chronic destructive forms
      of pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 4048116
TI  - [Pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with concomitant gastric and duodenal ulcers
      and expert evaluation of their work capacity].

PMID- 4048117
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis and other lung diseases].

PMID- 4048118
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases].

PMID- 4048119
TI  - [External respiratory function and hemodynamics in patients with sarcoidosis of
      the respiratory organs].

PMID- 4048120
TI  - [New aspects of using integral rheography of the body in phthisiopulmonological
      practice].

PMID- 4048121
TI  - [A method of evaluating regional ventilation of the lungs].

PMID- 4048122
TI  - [Pulmonary tuberculosis associated with diseases of the digestive organs].

PMID- 4048123
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of felinosis and tuberculous lymphadenitis].

PMID- 4048124
TI  - [Tactics in the treatment of patients with spontaneous pneumothorax].

PMID- 4048125
TI  - [Morphological manifestations of tuberculosis infection at the recent stage].

PMID- 4048126
TI  - [Various risk factors of tuberculosis of the respiratory organs].

PMID- 4048127
TI  - [Status of local immunological defense of the lungs in tuberculosis (data on the
      examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid)].

PMID- 4048128
TI  - [Use of indomethacin in the complex treatment of patients with destructive
      pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 4048129
TI  - [Characteristics of the clinical course and treatment of tuberculosis in patients
      with opisthorchiasis].

PMID- 4048130
TI  - [Diagnosis of cancer of the larynx in tuberculosis patients].

PMID- 4048131
TI  - [Evaluation of the functional status of peripheral blood phagocytes in pulmonary
      tuberculosis patients].

PMID- 4048132
TI  - [Use of ultrasonic inhalation of antibacterial preparations in the complex
      treatment of children and adolescents with tuberculosis of the organs of
      respiration].

PMID- 4048133
TI  - [Use of dekametoksin in the preoperative care of patients with nonspecific
      diseases of the organs of respiration].

PMID- 4048134
TI  - [Role of antioxidant therapy in the complex treatment of patients with pulmonary
      tuberculosis associated with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 4048135
TI  - [Features of the course of newly diagnosed tuberculosis of the respiratory organs
      in adolescents and efficacy of their treatment].

PMID- 4048136
TI  - [Course of infiltrative tuberculosis of the lungs at the current time].

PMID- 4048137
TI  - [Structure of newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis of the respiratory organs of
      adolescents].

PMID- 4048138
TI  - [Circulating immune complexes in children with synpneumonic and metapneumonic
      pleurisy].

PMID- 4048139
TI  - [Treatment of keloid scars developing after BCG vaccination in children and
      adolescents].

PMID- 4048140
TI  - [Growth of mycobacteria on nutrient media with a synthetic solid base].

PMID- 4048141
TI  - [Autotransplantation of articular cartilage which had undergone dystrophic
      change].

PMID- 4048142
TI  - [Newly diagnosed destructive tuberculosis of the lungs in patients with bronchial
      obstruction].

PMID- 4048143
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of postvaccinal lymphadenitis at a children's
      sanatorium].

PMID- 4048144
TI  - [Demons-Meigs syndrome].

PMID- 4048145
TI  - Some methodologic criteria for studies in developmental neuropsychiatry.
AB  - Studies which have sought to address the question of how brain dysfunction might
      be an etiological factor in the development of psychiatric disorders in childhood
      are reviewed from the point of view of the methodological issues which arise. It
      is argued that common forms of behavioral disturbance are more likely to have a
      psychosocial rather than a neurological origin, whereas epidemiologically unusual
      conditions are more likely to have neuro-developmental causal factors. Possible
      study designs are reviewed with the recommendation that cohort studies most
      closely approximate the ideal of the randomized control trial, whereas case
      control studies are weakest. The assessment of the reliability and validity of
      measures of brain dysfunction is discussed. Criteria for attributing causation
      after an association has been identified include temporal sequence, a 'dose
      response' relationship, and the specificity of the cause. The clinical as opposed
      to the statistical significance of the association must be assessed. Confounding
      variables in such studies, variables which account in part for the association
      identified, but which undermine the etiological significance which can be
      attributed, are discussed. The particular importance of psychosocial disadvantage
      in this field is stressed as a factor to be taken into account in the critical
      evaluation of studies.

PMID- 4048146
TI  - Methodological problems in follow-up studies of paranoid psychoses.
AB  - 301 first-admitted hospitalized patients with paranoid psychoses have been
      studied by Retterstol over a period of 5-18 years. Common Scandinavian diagnostic
      procedures were used. About 200 are still alive, and these subjects are at
      present being interviewed semistructurally by Opjordsmoen using a modification of
      SADS-L, and making a total follow-up period of 22-37 years. The diagnoses are
      confirmed according to ICD-9, RDC, DSM-III and some specific groups of delusional
      disorders (DD) operationalized by Winokur and Kendler. All interviews have been
      carried out non-blind to the diagnoses which will make a bias possible. However,
      in paranoid cases, it is an advantage for establishing contact and a conductive
      atmosphere to know something about the patient beforehand. Based upon our own
      experiences and reviewing the literature, we point to some important
      methodological aspects regarding follow-up studies in delusional persons. The
      suspiciousness, misinterpretation, dissimulation, rationalization and convincing
      argumentation seen in many paranoid cases, call for a skilled investigator and a
      clinical approach. However, operational criteria, new diagnostic concepts and
      standard procedures for follow-up interviewing and outcome assessments will make
      comparison for international readers easier.

PMID- 4048147
TI  - Chondrosarcoma of the jaws. Review of the literature and report of two cases.

PMID- 4048148
TI  - Effect of individual instructions on sugar consumption among 13-15 year olds.

PMID- 4048149
TI  - Emergence of deciduous teeth in children with oral clefts.

PMID- 4048150
TI  - [Oral immunologic mechanisms in asthma].

PMID- 4048151
TI  - [Caries activity in children in relation to its determinants. An epidemiologic
      study in Finnish children].

PMID- 4048152
TI  - Regulation of adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.I.I) activity by its lipid environment.

PMID- 4048153
TI  - Trace elements and vitamins in membrane function.

PMID- 4048154
TI  - Nutritional aspects of exercise-induced fatigue.

PMID- 4048155
TI  - The horse and dog, elite athletes--why and how?

PMID- 4048156
TI  - The energy cost of exercise.

PMID- 4048158
TI  - Exercise and the promotion of health.

PMID- 4048157
TI  - The effect of vitamin and mineral supplements and health foods on physical
      endurance and performance.

PMID- 4048159
TI  - Sensory involvement in the control of food intake in poultry.

PMID- 4048160
TI  - Similarities and differences between intake control mechanisms in pigs, chickens
      and ruminants.

PMID- 4048161
TI  - The importance of voluntary feed intake in pigs.

PMID- 4048162
TI  - Comparative changes in rat liver cytosolic proteins by mirex, diethylnitrosamine,
      and dimethylnitrosamine exposure.
AB  - Using a newborn rat model for carcinogenesis, changes in liver cytosolic proteins
      at three stages of tumorigenesis, on Days 21, 97, and 120, by mirex
      (dodecachloropentacyclo-1,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta[cd] pentalene), and diethyl-
      and dimethylnitrosamines (DEN and DMN) were studied. Following multiple exposure
      to the hepatocarcinogens, groups of weanling rats were given dietary
      phenobarbital (PB) up to 120 days. SDS-PAGE separation of cytosolic proteins
      showed that at 21 days, prior to PB, two proteins of 26K and 23K mol wt were
      significantly induced by mirex and DMN while a high mol wt 63K protein was
      induced only by DEN and DMN. During the period of PB treatment up to 97 days,
      these proteins were well sustained at a higher level. A marked increase in 21K
      protein band was also observed at this point. In tumor tissues obtained from DEN
      and DMN rats continued on PB diet for 120 days, the high level of 63K protein was
      seen only in DEN and not in DMN tumor. The tumors also showed a significant
      reduction in 25K protein compared to 21- and 97-day groups. The presence of even
      lower mol wt proteins of 14-21K was seen in tumors. The early detection and
      further characterization of these low mol wt proteins may provide clues as to
      whether they are preneoplastic markers or oncogene products as speculated by
      other investigators. Moreover, certain similarities in the induction of cytosolic
      proteins by "epigenetic" and "genotoxic" carcinogens raise more interesting
      questions regarding the mechanisms of action of these distinct classes of
      carcinogens.

PMID- 4048163
TI  - The effect of etidocaine on spontaneous and evoked release of norepinephrine from
      rat brain synaptosomes.
AB  - Local anesthetics have been shown to have an effect on neurotransmission. In this
      study we examined the effect of a local anesthetic, etidocaine, on the uptake,
      efflux, and release of norepinephrine (NE) from central nerve terminals. The
      studies were performed on synaptosomes and vesicles prepared from rat brains.
      Etidocaine 10(-4) M inhibited synaptosomal accumulation of [3H]NE and did not
      significantly effect vesicular accumulation of this neurotransmitter. This
      concentration of etidocaine also augmented efflux of norepinephrine from
      synaptosomal preparations. This augmented efflux was primarily due to an increase
      in the deaminated metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DOPEG). The presence of
      etidocaine did not significantly alter the release of NE from synaptosomes
      superfused with high potassium (40 mM), a calcium-dependent exocytotic release
      process. These results indicate that in the central nervous system, as previously
      demonstrated in the peripheral nervous system, high concentrations of etidocaine
      alter vesicular storage of NE, resulting in more NE leaking into the cytoplasm
      where it is metabolized to an inactive metabolite.

PMID- 4048164
TI  - Effect of ibuprofen and indomethacin on the O2 supply/consumption balance in
      ischemic rabbit myocardium.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine if differences in the cardioprotective
      abilities of ibuprofen and indomethacin were due to their differing abilities to
      alter the O2 supply/consumption ratio in the ischemic myocardium. Experiments
      were done on 21 anesthetized open-chest rabbits. Regional flow (using radioactive
      microspheres), O2 extraction, O2 consumption, and O2 supply/consumption ratio
      were determined 1 hr after occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary
      artery in controls and animals given iv 10 mg/kg ibuprofen or iv 3 mg/kg
      indomethacin. Myocardial blood flow was depressed in the occluded region compared
      to the nonoccluded region after occlusion for all treatments. O2 extraction in
      the occluded region was elevated compared to the nonoccluded region for all
      treatments after occlusion. No differences in O2 consumption were noted between
      any treatment within the occluded or nonoccluded regions. The O2
      supply/consumption ratio was lower in the occluded region compared to the
      nonoccluded region for all treatments. No differences in this ratio were noted
      between any treatment. Thus, the effects of indomethacin or ibuprofen on ischemia
      are not related to acute changes in myocardial O2 supply/consumption balance.

PMID- 4048166
TI  - The effect of high pressure sodium vapor lamps on the rat.
AB  - The effect of high pressure sodium vapor lamps and daylight-simulating
      fluorescent lights on the growth, hematology, and behavior of Sprague-Dawley rats
      has been investigated. Rats weaned under the sodium vapor lamps had slightly
      heavier adrenals than those exposed to the daylight lamps when the two lighting
      systems were equalized either for total irradiance or for scotopic illuminance.
      However, no differences were observed in the tail-flick response, hot plate
      response, or swimming endurance of rats housed under the two lighting conditions.
      No consistent differences were seen in the hemoglobin, red and white cell count,
      hematocrit, and mean cell volume between rats weaned under the high pressure
      sodium vapor lamps and daylight-simulating fluorescent lights.

PMID- 4048165
TI  - Enhanced depressor effect of muscimol in the DOCA/NaCl hypertensive rat: evidence
      for altered GABAergic activity in brain.
AB  - To elucidate the role of the central gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in the
      maintenance of deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)NaCl hypertension, the responses of mean
      arterial pressure (MAP), plasma norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (EP) to
      intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of muscimol, a GABA agonist, and the
      responses of MAP to bicuculline, a GABA antagonist, and to clonidine, an alpha 2
      adrenoceptor agonist known to lower blood pressure by inhibiting sympathetic
      tone, were examined in conscious, unrestrained 4 week DOCA/NaCl hypertensive rats
      and age-matched uninephrectomized control rats. Muscimol (50-1000 ng/300 g, ICV)
      caused dose-dependent decreases in MAP which were greater in DOCA/NaCl rats than
      in controls. Basal plasma NE and EP were significantly higher in DOCA/NaCl rats
      than in controls. Muscimol (1000 ng/300 g, ICV) induced decreases in plasma EP
      which were greater in DOCA/NaCl rats than in controls without changing NE levels
      in either group. Bicuculline (3 micrograms/300 g, ICV) caused increases in MAP
      which were the same in both groups. The depressor response to clonidine (5
      micrograms/300 g) was greater in DOCA/NaCl rats than in controls. These results
      suggest that the activity of the central GABAergic system is altered in the rat
      with established DOCA/NaCl hypertension and that the alteration in central
      GABAergic function may be related to the increased sympathoadrenal activity and
      the maintenance of hypertension in this model.

PMID- 4048167
TI  - Effects of dietary zinc depletion and food restriction on intestinal transport of
      cadmium in the rat.
AB  - The effects of Zn depletion and short-term fasting on intestinal transport of Cd
      were examined in perfused rat small intestines. The small intestine was isolated
      with its vascular network intact, then simultaneously perfused from the luminal
      and vascular sides. A Zn-depleted state that results in marked hypozincemia was
      produced in some rats by feeding a Zn-deficient diet for 4 days. Uptake of Cd
      from the luminal perfusate was greater in the Zn-depleted rats, whereas transport
      of Cd to the vascular perfusate was not affected. Fasting overnight prior to
      perfusion did not influence Cd transport nor alter the effect of Zn depletion on
      Cd uptake. The Cd concentration in the soluble fraction of intestinal mucosa from
      perfused intestines was not different between Zn-depleted and Zn-adequate rats.
      Gel filtration chromatography of the soluble fraction showed a shift in the
      distribution of Cd from metallothionein to high molecular weight ligands in
      intestines from Zn-depleted rats. The decrease in amount of metallothionein
      associated Cd corresponded to a decrease of total intestinal metallothionein as
      measured by the Cd-binding assay. The results suggest association of Cd with
      intestinal metallothionein did not influence the absorption of Cd under these
      conditions.

PMID- 4048168
TI  - Cardiac dynamics of the Langendorff perfused heart.
AB  - The Langendorff perfused heart is studied in a closed system with (i) automatic
      regulations to maintain constancy of the perfusion column (Krebs-Henseleit + 0.5%
      albumin or 25-30% washed erythrocyte suspension), (ii) continuous recording of
      rate, coronary flow, and supravalvular aortic pressure. A microcomputer with
      software interface is used for storage treatment and on-line analysis of the
      recorded variables. In 38 preparations perfused with Krebs-Henseleit, minimal
      diastolic (61.2 +/- 2.8 mm Hg) is significantly below and peak systolic (98.7 +/-
      3.6 mm Hg) significantly above perfusion pressure (80 mm Hg). Pressure difference
      between minimal diastolic and peak systolic (delta P) is 37.5 +/- 1.8 mm Hg.
      Increases in perfusion pressure will be associated with increases of coronary
      flow and delta P, which is also increased by isoprenaline administration. Oxygen
      consumption decreased by 76% when perfusion pressure was lowered from 80 to 60 mm
      Hg in hearts perfused with a 30% erythrocyte suspension. All of these
      experimental results were interpreted as indicating that delta P measured in this
      system resulted from an ejected volume (x acceleration) from the heart. The
      ejected volume corresponds to a valvular leak caused by the rigid nature of the
      system which is devoid of aortic compliance. delta P may be considered an index
      of left ventricular performance, an indication that the Langendorff preparation
      studied under the present conditions is a working heart. A 100-microliter volume
      constant infusion syringe for time administration of cardioactive drugs may be
      inserted at the base of the perfusion column to obtain dose-response effects.

PMID- 4048169
TI  - Effects and interactions of natural cannabinoids on the isolated heart.
AB  - A Langendorff perfused rat heart preparation was designed to process dose
      response effects of cardioactive drugs on rate, coronary flow, and supraaortic
      differential pressure (delta P; an index of cardiac performance). In this
      preparation, delta 9- -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) 2 X 10(-6) M to 10(-5) M
      induces in the isolated perfused rat heart a biphasic increase in rate (maximal
      at 8 X 10(-6) M). Tachycardia is associated with decreases in (delta P) and no
      change or decreased coronary flow. Cardiac toxicity is observed with 3 X 10(-5)
      M. Cannabidiol (CBD) at concentrations of 9 X 10(-6) M to 10(-4) M has limited
      effect on rate while increasing delta P and coronary flow. Cannabinol (CBN) 8 X
      10(-6) M to 3 X 10(-4) M depresses rate and delta P while coronary flow remains
      constant. Simultaneous equimolar administration of THC with CBD antagonizes or
      mitigates the cardiac effects of THC on rate, delta P, and coronary flow.

PMID- 4048170
TI  - Mast cells and their degranulation in the Tsk mouse model of scleroderma.
AB  - The Tsk mouse is a genetically transmitted example of cutaneous fibrosis which
      has been compared with human scleroderma. During a systematic histopathological
      study of the Tsk mouse, both an increased number and an increased proportion of
      degranulated mast cells were observed. The consistent association of mast cells
      and fibrosis in scleroderma, graft-vs-host reactions (GVHR), and now the Tsk
      mouse raises the question of a pathogenetic role for mast cells in fibrotic
      disorders in general.

PMID- 4048171
TI  - Proteochondroitin sulfate is the main proteoglycan synthesized in fetal
      hepatocytes.
AB  - The synthesis of total and specific types of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) with
      emphasis on proteochondroitin sulfate (PCS) was studied in late embryonic and
      early postnatal liver parenchymal cells. In contrast to adult hepatocytes, which
      synthesize almost exclusively proteoheparan sulfate (PHS), PCS proved to be the
      major type of GAG synthesized in fetal hepatocytes (more than 60% of total GAG)
      whereas PHS contributes less than 40% of total GAG synthesis. Starting
      immediately after birth PCS synthesis in hepatocytes declines progressively, at
      the 6th postnatal day PCS formation is one-fifteenth of that measured in
      embryonic liver cells. Adult levels are reached around the 10th postnatal day. A
      significant portion of plasma membrane-associated proteoglycans in fetal
      hepatocytes is represented by PCS, its fraction declines in early postnatal life.
      Between the synthesis rate of PCS and [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA exists
      a strong positive statistic correlation (r = 0.949). In conclusion, fetal
      hepatocytes have a completely different profile of GAG synthesis characterized by
      preponderant production of PCS. This ability is lost early after birth but might
      be regained in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and parenchymal cells in
      chronically injured liver tissue developing fibrosis.

PMID- 4048172
TI  - Mechanisms involved in the adrenaline-induced blockade of milk ejection in dairy
      cattle.
AB  - To elucidate mechanisms by which epinephrine (epi) blocks milk ejection in
      cattle, blood serum oxytocin (OT) concentrations were measured in four heifers
      before, during, and after milking following either intrajugular injection of
      0.85% saline (S) or epi (3 mg). S did not affect OT concentrations. They peaked 2
      min after milking-machine attachment. OT declined 3 min after milking commenced,
      reaching resting concentrations 10-60 min after milking. Milk yields were not
      altered by S. Epi did not influence significantly basal OT concentration. Yet, OT
      released to milking appeared less than the saline control. Peak OT concentration
      after epi and milking was reached 1 min after machine attachment. OT declined
      within 3 min after milking commenced. Milk yield was reduced 48% after epi.
      Jugular vein and carotid arterial OT concentrations and mammary blood flow (MBF)
      were measured simultaneously in four multiparous cows. Blood was collected
      before, during, and after milking following S or epi (50 micrograms). Jugular and
      carotid OT concentrations followed similar patterns for both treatments. Changes
      in carotid OT concentrations lagged behind those of the jugular vein by
      approximately 1 min. Elevated carotid OT concentrations were seen in two cows
      after milking and thought to be derived from non-hypothalamic-neurohypophysial
      sources. Epi (50 micrograms) did not reduce blood OT concentrations, but reduced
      MBF by 95%. Milking induced increases in MBF seen in controls, were not observed
      with epi, and milk yield was reduced by 56%. Our experiments suggest that epi may
      inhibit OT release to milking stimuli at pharmacological doses. At lower doses,
      epi exerts its effects peripherally by acutely reducing MFB, thus preventing
      physiological concentrations of hormone from reaching the myoepithelium. An
      intrinsic action of epi on the myoepithelial cells of cattle is unlikely, but
      cannot be ruled out at this time.

PMID- 4048174
TI  - Effect of anticonvulsant drugs on plasma total cholesterol, high-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoproteins A and B in children with epilepsy.
AB  - The effect of long-term anticonvulsant drug therapy with phenobarbital,
      phenytoin, carbamazepine, primidone, and valproic acid in epileptic children on
      plasma total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) was
      studied. Except valproic acid, all the drugs significantly increased the total
      cholesterol and HDLC, but the effect was more pronounced with HDLC. Among the
      subfractions of HDLC, almost all the increase due to drug therapy were in the
      HDLC-2 fraction. Treatment with antiepileptic drugs had no effect on HDLC-3.
      Apolipoprotein-A levels were significantly higher with drug therapy, but no
      effect was seen in the apolipoprotein-B levels. Plasma concentration of total
      cholesterol, HDLC, or its components was unaffected with valproic acid therapy.

PMID- 4048173
TI  - Effect of dietary selenium concentration and duration of selenium feeding on
      hepatic glutathione concentrations in rats.
AB  - Studies were conducted in rats to determine the effect of dietary selenium (Se)
      concentration on hepatic glutathione concentrations and enzyme activities
      associated with the maintenance of the cellular glutathione status. Male rats
      were fed 0.1, 3.0, or 6.0 ppm Se as Na2SeO3 for 2, 4, or 6 weeks at which time
      they were killed and analyses were performed. Both 3.0 and 6.0 ppm Se caused a
      significant dose-dependent increase in hepatic-reduced glutathione (GSH) by 4
      weeks of feeding compared to 0.1 ppm Se. The increase in GSH was preceded by
      significant, dose-dependent increases in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) as well as
      the GSSG to GSH ratio. Increases in GSSG and the GSSG to GSH ratio as well as in
      glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were
      observed by 2 weeks of high Se feeding. The current findings substantiate
      previous results demonstrating effects of high Se on hepatic glutathione
      concentrations (R. A. LeBoeuf and W. G. Hoekstra, J. Nutr. 113:845-854, 1983) and
      further suggest that increased cellular GSSG concentrations or the GSSG to GSH
      ratio caused by 3.0 and 6.0 ppm dietary Se signals for "adaptive" changes in
      hepatic glutathione metabolism.

PMID- 4048175
TI  - In vitro evaluation of circadian patterns of bone collagen formation.
AB  - The circadian patterns of bone collagen formation were studied in vitro to
      ascertain whether the biorhythmic profiles previously measured in vivo reflect
      true differences in collagen synthesis. Alteration of amino acid pool sizes did
      not negate the circadian-stage differences in bone collagen production.
      Evaluations of proline uptake and transport, as well as collagenous protein
      turnover, demonstrated that the intracellular assembly and secretion of bone
      collagenous protein during the dark span is truly decreased relative to that
      during the light period. It was further affirmed that PTH is essential for
      maintenance of the normal circadian collagen synthesis rhythms.

PMID- 4048177
TI  - Aldehyde adducts in alcoholism. Proceedings of a roundtable meeting at the Second
      Congress of the International Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism and
      the annual meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism. Santa Fe, New Mexico,
      June 25, 1984.

PMID- 4048176
TI  - Isolation and culture of myofibroblasts from rat liver.
AB  - Successful isolation and culture of myofibroblasts from rat liver is described
      for the first time. After collagenase digestion of livers, obtained from rats fed
      regular laboratory chow diet as well as control and vitamin A-supplemented liquid
      diets, cells were separated on a Percoll density gradient. Cells characterized as
      myofibroblasts by electron microscopy were cultured in a Dulbecco's modified
      Eagle's medium. Characteristic features of myofibroblasts (abundant myofibrils)
      with dense bodies, indented nucleus, basal lamina-like structure, capacity to
      synthesize types I, III, and IV collagens and laminin were demonstrated in both
      primary and secondary cultures.

PMID- 4048178
TI  - The role of salsolinol in alcohol intake and withdrawal.
AB  - We studied the urinary excretion of the tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ) salsolinol,
      formed from acetaldehyde and dopamine, in both severely and moderately dependent
      alcoholics during withdrawal from alcohol and subsequent challenge with an acute
      dose of alcohol and L-dopa, and compared these results with controls. Plasma
      acetaldehyde and alcohol levels in a sub-population of severely dependent
      withdrawn alcoholic and control subjects following an acute dose of alcohol were
      also determined. Salsolinol excretion during the first 4 days of alcohol
      withdrawal was variable but 10 out of 14 alcoholics showed an increasing trend
      from day 1 to day 3 and 4 of alcohol withdrawal. L-dopa administration raised
      salsolinol excretion in controls and withdrawn alcoholics to a uniform extent.
      Loading of the withdrawn alcoholics with an acute dose of alcohol did not cause
      an increase in urinary salsolinol concentration (despite increased plasma
      acetaldehyde). Indeed, 24 h following acute alcohol administration, salsolinol
      excretion rates were depressed in the alcoholics but not in the controls.

PMID- 4048179
TI  - On the origin of salsolinol and 1-carboxysalsolinol.

PMID- 4048180
TI  - Alkaloid adducts in human brain: coexistence of 1-carboxylated and
      noncarboxylated isoquinolines and beta-carbolines in alcoholics and
      nonalcoholics.

PMID- 4048182
TI  - The use of tandem mass spectrometry for the identification and quantitation of
      tryptolines (tetrahydro-beta-carbolines) in tissue extracts.

PMID- 4048181
TI  - Chiral analysis of urinary 5-hydroxymethtryptoline: implications for endogenous
      biosynthesis and formation during ethanol intoxication.

PMID- 4048183
TI  - A simple, sensitive procedure for the determination of tetrahydro-beta-carbolines
      and their precursors.

PMID- 4048184
TI  - Adducts of propiolaldehyde and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde with human
      aldehyde dehydrogenase.

PMID- 4048186
TI  - Hematopoietic stem cell physiology. Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Frederick
      Stohlman, Jr., M.D. Memorial Symposium: an International Colloquium on Stem Cell
      Physiology. Boston, October 1-5, 1984.

PMID- 4048187
TI  - Factors required by pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells in culture.

PMID- 4048185
TI  - Precise GC/MS assays for salsolinol and tetrahydropapaveroline: the question of
      artifacts and dietary sources and the influence of alcohol.
AB  - The use of GC/MS with appropriate deuterated internal standards has enabled the
      development of highly precise assays for salsolinol and THP. The deuterated
      standards we have prepared for the present assays are entirely free of
      contamination by non-deuterated species. The extraction and analytical techniques
      used in these studies do not lead to artifactual formation of either salsolinol
      or THP due to dopamine cyclization since neither alkaloid was detected in a
      variety of samples that contained high concentrations of dopamine. Examples are
      tomato, certain urine samples, rat brain samples including hypothalami from
      animals treated with pharmacological doses of l-dopa. While we have found little
      analytical support, at least in urine, for significant in vivo formation of
      salsolinol from endogenous dopamine and acetaldehyde, there is clear evidence
      that dietary sources of salsolinol contribute to its detection in biological
      samples. Whatever the origin of alkaloids such as salsolinol and THP in mammalian
      samples, their potential for affecting behavioural and physiological systems
      merit their continued study.

PMID- 4048188
TI  - Human urinary erythroid burst promoting activity.

PMID- 4048189
TI  - In vivo stimulation and inhibition of granulopoiesis at the stem cell level.

PMID- 4048190
TI  - Studies on the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells in long term marrow
      cultures.

PMID- 4048191
TI  - The hematopoietic extracellular matrix.

PMID- 4048192
TI  - Plasma membrane and cell surface changes during erythroid maturation.

PMID- 4048193
TI  - Generation of CFU-S13 in vitro.

PMID- 4048194
TI  - Neoplasms of the hematopoietic stem cell.

PMID- 4048195
TI  - Plasma clearance of erythropoietin in erythropoietically perturbed mice.

PMID- 4048196
TI  - Role of defined and undefined serum additives to hematopoietic stem cell culture.

PMID- 4048197
TI  - Bacterial endotoxins. Structure, biomedical significance, and detection with the
      Limulus amebocyte lysate test. Proceedings of the International Conference on
      Endotoxin Assays. Amsterdam, The Netherlands, May 25-26, 1984.

PMID- 4048198
TI  - Endotoxic effects of peptidoglycan.
AB  - Peptidoglycans (PG) are cell wall fragments of gram-positive bacteria. The effect
      of PG on blood pressure, circulating leukocytes, and platelets was studied in a
      rat model. PG was able to decrease blood pressure and to induce leukopenia and
      thrombocytopenia. In vitro PG affected leukocyte function and was able to
      activate the contact activating system.

PMID- 4048199
TI  - Optimalization of a chromogenic assay for endotoxin in blood.
AB  - Early detection of Gram-negative septicemia or endotoxemia may become feasible
      with sensitive and reliable endotoxin (LPS) measurements. We recently published
      an assay for LPS in blood, based upon the LPS dependent activation of Limulus
      amebocyte lysate (LAL) and the subsequent chromogenic measurement of the
      activated enzyme(s). Inhibitors and activated clotting factors potentially
      interfering in the assay were removed by dilution and heating. In the present
      study we describe the further improvement of the assay. Optimal conditions
      include: blood anticoagulated with 30 I.U./ml heparin; dilution of the platelet
      rich plasma (PRP) in water; 5 min. heating at 75 degrees C; 15 mM Mg2+, 1.5 mM
      Ca2+, 125 mM Na+, 50 mM TRIS, pH 8.5 in the LAL activation step; substrate step
      without extra addition of Ca2+, Mg2+, or Na+, but in the presence of 50 mM TRIS
      at pH = 9.5. Under those optimal conditions less than 10 pg LPS per ml blood
      (PRP) can easily be detected. Prospective clinical trials are presently envisaged
      to investigate the clinical usefulness of this extremely sensitive LPS assay.

PMID- 4048200
TI  - The design of a reliable endotoxin test.
AB  - An endotoxin assay utilizing Limulus lysate (LAL) and a chromogenic peptide
      substrate is described. The assay of picograms of a compound, present in
      significant quantities almost everywhere, is obviously associated with a serious
      risk of contamination. Measures to avoid and detect contamination have been
      considered. When a quantitative assay like the present one is used, the
      inhibitory effects of samples analyzed are obvious and also possible to quantify.
      Methods to avoid such inhibitory effects have been studied and the simplest
      procedure seems to be dilution with endotoxin-free water, in some cases also
      combined with heat treatment (75 degrees C for 5 min).

PMID- 4048201
TI  - Evaluation of robot automated chromogenic substrate LAL endotoxin assay method
      for pharmaceutical products testing.
AB  - The robot automated chromogenic substrate LAL assay method was evaluated for
      endotoxin testing using three lots each of 12 pharmaceutical products. As many as
      216 assays, including automated standard curve construction and sample
      preparation, can be performed in a single day of unattended operation. The method
      is linear (r greater than .99) in the range of 0 to 0.2 EU/ml. The precision of
      the method determined by assaying a lot of calcium gluconate for four days was
      6%, 10%, and 10% for within an assay block, between assay blocks, and between
      assay days, respectively. Recovery of endotoxin when spiked into products ranged
      from 81% to 110% and was within the statistical variation (2 sigma limit) of the
      method. The endotoxin levels detected in a biological raw material by the
      chromogenic substrate assay method correlated well with that of the gel-clot LAL
      assay method. The endotoxin content of the majority of the pharmaceutical
      products tested was well below the sensitivity of both the chromogenic substrate
      and the gel clot LAL assay methods.

PMID- 4048202
TI  - Parallel line assays of endotoxins with the LAL chromogenic substrate method.
AB  - All endotoxins from the gram negative microorganisms studied sofar contain lipid
      A, which is considered to be responsible for the biological activity. Endotoxins
      may therefore react in a similar way in quantitative assays. The varying non
      lipid A part of different endotoxins may potentiate or reduce the activity of the
      identical lipid A part without changing the slope of the log-dose vs. response
      curve of these endotoxins. To test whether 13 endotoxins from different
      microorganisms react similarly with amoebocyte lysate (LAL) log-dose response
      curves were made using a chromogenic substrate method. A balanced incomplete
      block design with 13 blocks and four replications of each endotoxin was applied.
      A group of eight endotoxins with a common slope was defined with the Student
      Newman-Keuls procedure. Two independent potency estimates of these endotoxins
      were in good agreement.

PMID- 4048203
TI  - Quantification of endotoxin inhibition in serum and plasma using a turbidimetric
      LAL assay.
AB  - A modified Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test was developed which quantifies the
      inhibition associated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in serum and plasma. The
      assay utilized the LR50 value to determine relative inhibition. The LR50,
      measured in ng/ml, represented the concentration of endotoxin needed to elicit a
      turbidimetric response equal to 50% of the maximum above the control (no added
      endotoxin). The LR50 concept was used to compare plasma and serum from a normal
      donor population. Plasma LR50 values ranged from 115 to 5000 ng/ml, while serum
      samples ranged from 48 to 615 ng/ml. Endotoxin in saline measured in a similar
      manner yielded values averaging 0.07 ng/ml (LAL sensitivity). Various means to
      remove inhibition were also tested by this method. Heating, dilution, and
      chloroform extraction of serum were all found to be efficient in removing
      inhibition. Although no direct attempt was made to elucidate the biochemical
      nature of the inhibitor(s) present in serum and plasma, the results presented
      were consistent with other studies and indicate the involvement of a heat labile
      component(s). The LR50 may provide a tool for the elaboration of these
      components. It also was suggested that LR50 may be the best in vitro indicator of
      the overall ability of serum or plasma to neutralize endotoxin.

PMID- 4048204
TI  - Cross comparison of the Limulus test between laboratories. Two European
      collaborative studies.
AB  - The results of two independent collaborative interlaboratory surveys evaluating
      limulus amebocyte lysate assays are presented. We investigated the variation of
      the results from laboratories all using the same reference endotoxin, but working
      with different gel-clot techniques. In the first study, four lysates were
      compared in quantitative gel-clot assays using either a macro- or a
      microtechnique. In the second study, the performance of a proposed limit test was
      checked under the auspices of the European Pharmacopoeia Commission. A generally
      good agreement was reached with the limit test; in the quantitative test,
      however, considerable interlaboratory variation and significant differences among
      the lysates were observed. In order to obtain consistent results, a thorough
      validation of all reagents and test parameters is essential. Collaborative
      studies are an important tool to detect discrepancies between laboratories and to
      decrease interlaboratory variability.

PMID- 4048205
TI  - Guideline for validation of the LAL test as an end-product endotoxin test for
      human and biological drug products.
AB  - The draft guideline sets forth acceptable conditions for use of the Limulus
      Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test. It also describes procedures for using this
      methodology as an end-product endotoxin test for human (including biological
      products) and animal injectable drugs, and medical devices. Manufacturers are
      allowed to switch from the rabbit pyrogen test to the LAL test, without
      preclearance from FDA, if they follow the guideline.

PMID- 4048206
TI  - U.S. Government quality control program for Limulus amebocyte lysate and
      endotoxin.
AB  - The U.S. Government has licensed seven Limulus Amebocyte Lysate manufacturers.
      Each manufacturer must determine the sensitivity of each lot by using the U.S.
      Standard Endotoxin, EC-5 which is identical to the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP)
      Endotoxin Standard (Lot F). A licensed firm must be inspected annually and submit
      a protocol along with potency testing results on each lot of lysate before it can
      be released. The FDA tests each lot for at least potency before releasing it to
      be marketed. The release criteria for both the gelation and chromogenic lysate
      tests are discussed.

PMID- 4048207
TI  - Ideal properties of a LAL reagent for pharmaceutical testing.
AB  - Evaluation of medical devices and pharmaceutical products for endotoxin content
      is the most significant biomedical application of Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL).
      This review summarizes the means by which LAL reagent suppliers have introduced
      different production techniques and formulation additives to uniquely optimize
      their products for industry. Pharmaceutical testing requires a LAL reagent that
      is buffered, stabilized to a sensitivity of 0.12 EU/ml, optimized to detect E.
      coli-derived LPS in water, formulated to produce firm opaque gels, designed
      specifically to detect bacterial endotoxin, and is economical. Unique LAL reagent
      characteristics produce nonuniformity in drug compatibility testing but does not
      significantly alter detection of unsafe levels of native endotoxin. Design of a
      clinical LAL reagent may require additional means for standardization and
      exclusion of additives which are only useful for pharmaceutical testing. A
      cooperative effort between clinical investigators and the LAL industry should
      resolve these issues in a reasonable period of time.

PMID- 4048208
TI  - A comparison of the pyrogenicity of environmental endotoxins and
      lipopolysaccharides.

PMID- 4048209
TI  - Endotoxins and medical devices.
AB  - The FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health requires devices in contact
      with circulating blood or cerebrospinal fluid to be nonpyrogenic. Intraocular
      lenses also are required to be nonpyrogenic. Requirements for other products are
      decided on a case-by-case basis by the FDA. Manufacturers planning to use the
      Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test as a pyrogenicity test for devices must
      validate and test according to the FDA draft LAL guideline or submit data from an
      alternate method to FDA for review. Traditionally, nonpyrogenic water or saline
      is used to rinse devices for LAL testing. Data from our initial studies on
      endotoxin recovery from devices using sodium lauryl sulfate demonstrate higher
      recovery than with nonpyrogenic water. This method, which provides an alternate
      rinse solution for recovery of endotoxin from medical devices is undergoing
      collaborative study.

PMID- 4048210
TI  - Endotoxin in blood products: correlation between the Limulus assay and the rabbit
      pyrogen test.
AB  - The possibility of replacing the rabbit pyrogen test by the Limulus (LAL) test,
      as a final release test for plasma products, was investigated. The LAL test
      measured the endotoxin content quantitatively, using a chromogenic substrate. The
      samples were boiled and centrifuged to remove inhibiting substances, which
      represent a major problem when testing plasma protein samples. In order to
      correlate the LAL test to the rabbit test, parallel assays were performed on 85
      batches of two different human albumin preparations. For both products, a
      positive correlation was observed between the two tests. However, the pass/fail
      limit of the rabbit test was found at different endotoxin levels, corresponding
      to about 2 and 20 ng/kg, respectively. This discrepancy could be removed by
      extracting the endotoxin before administration to rabbits. It is concluded that
      the endotoxin, detected in plasma products by the LAL test, may be present in a
      non-pyrogenic state.

PMID- 4048211
TI  - Clinical utility of the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test.
AB  - The clinical utility of the limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test was assessed with
      eight different body fluids from 44 different studies. The results show that the
      LAL test has established clinical utility for the detection of endotoxin in the
      presence of Gram-negative bacteria with 4 body fluids: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
      urine, cervical and urethral exudates, and ocular exudates. At this time, the
      data are insufficient to establish clinical utility with 4 body fluids:
      peripheral blood, portal blood, ascitic fluid, and synovial fluid.

PMID- 4048212
TI  - Plasma Limulus gelation assay in infants and children: correlation with gram
      negative bacterial infection and evidence for "intestinal endotoxemia".
AB  - Plasma limulus gelation assays for gram negative bacterial endotoxemia were
      performed in 103 infants and children with evaluable clinical findings. A strong
      association between gram negative infection and positive assays was found,
      provided patients with gastrointestinal disorders were considered separately. Ten
      of 11 patients (91%) with gram negative bacteremia (p less than .001 compared
      with controls) and five of 10 (50%) with focal gram negative bacterial infections
      (p = .002) had a positive assay. Only 1/22 (5%) of those classified as having
      other forms of infection-like illness with negative cultures, and none of 20
      considered to have neither infection nor gastrointestinal disturbances had a
      positive assay. However, 8/24 (33%) of those with major gastrointestinal
      disturbances had a positive test (p = .003). This association supports the
      possibility that endotoxins produced by indigenous gram negative bacteria in the
      gut may reach the circulation during states of intestinal disturbance (intestinal
      endotoxemia). Individual cases suggest several different possible mechanisms
      which could account for such an occurrence. Rigorous proof of this concept must
      await the development of confirmatory methodology.

PMID- 4048213
TI  - The importance of intestinal endotoxins in liver disease.
AB  - The development and wider use of the Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay (LAL) for
      the detection of endotoxin, has led to renewed interest in the link between gut
      derived endotoxin, liver injury and the extra-hepatic manifestations of clinical
      liver disease. The concept that endotoxemia may occur and be harmful in clinical
      states without the concomitant presence of Gram-negative bacteria is a relatively
      recent one and has been most intensively studied in the context of liver injury.
      Since the liver stands between the gut and the systemic circulation, it has been
      postulated that failure to detoxify endotoxins absorbed into the portal
      circulation after hepatic injury might lead to further liver damage and escape of
      this toxic material into the general circulation. The present review will update
      the status of this hypothesis, discuss mechanisms proposed for the damage and
      present evidence for the association in animal models. Finally, studies both
      positive and negative, will be cited that have used the LAL to detect endotoxemia
      and its consequences in human liver disease.

PMID- 4048214
TI  - Chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate assay as an aid in the diagnosis of
      meningitis.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs) from 146 patients with suspected meningitis were
      screened by a recently introduced, rapid and sensitive chromogenic Limulus
      amebocyte lysate (CLAL) assay for endotoxin. Fifty-eight of these CSFs were
      screened as well for bacterial antigens by CIE, latex and/or coagglutination
      techniques. A total of 68 CSFs were positive by either culture and/or at least
      one of the antigen screens. The overall sensitivity of the CLAL assay was 93%
      with a specificity of 100%. However, the assay's sensitivity for community -
      acquired meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae type b and Neisseria
      meningitidis was 100%. In this group the assay's sensitivity was better than
      those of direct gram stain (62%), culture (80%), and commercially available,
      rapid antigen detection methods (89%). Used judiciously, the CLAL assay is a cost
      effective, helpful adjunct test for the diagnosis of gram-negative meningitis.

PMID- 4048215
TI  - Validity of the endotoxin assay in post surgical patients.
AB  - In a prospective study 56 patients were studied after major surgery for 10 days
      to correlate endotoxemia with bacteremia and clinical septicemia. Endotoxemia was
      detected with a quantitative plasma endotoxin assay using limulus lysate and a
      chromogenic substrate. Clinical septicemia was defined using a set of
      predetermined criteria. In 29 patients both bacterial cultures and endotoxin
      assays were negative. One patient showed clinical signs of septicemia. In 14
      patients, low grade endotoxemia (mean 47 +/- 15 pg/ml) was observed in the first
      three days after surgery. Only three of these patients also showed positive
      endotoxin tests after this period. Corresponding blood cultures were frequently
      negative (81%) most likely due to prior and concurrent antibiotic prophylaxis.
      Two endotoxin positive patients had clinical signs of septicemia. In a total of
      16 patients, including two patients from the former group endotoxemia (mean 56 +/
      21 pg/ml) was noted beyond the third post-operative day. Samples for blood
      cultures collected simultaneously were positive for gram negative bacilli in six
      patients. Clinical septicemia was present in 12 of the 16 patients. The positive
      and negative predictive value of the endotoxin test for bacteremia and/or
      septicemia after the third day of surgery for all patients was found to be 75%
      and 98% respectively. The results of this small prospective study in surgical
      patients suggest that this rapid endotoxin test is a useful clinical adjunct for
      both the detection and exclusion of gram negative bacteremia/septicemia.

PMID- 4048216
TI  - Gram-negative endotoxins and staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome.
AB  - Strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from toxic shock syndrome (TSS) produce
      toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST1) which causes a shock-like illness in rabbits
      with many features similar to TSS in humans. TSST1 is lethal per se in rabbits
      and also acts synergistically with endotoxin to potentiate lethality. The mode of
      action of TSST1 is as yet unknown; it has been suggested that it may act by
      inhibiting the reticuloendothelial system thus allowing endotoxic shock to occur.
      Rabbits pretreated with polymyxin-B, which prevents the effect of endotoxin, were
      found to be protected from death by TSST1 indicating that endotoxin is indeed
      implicated in the pathogenesis of TSS. Specific pathogen-free rabbits which
      presumably have negligible levels of circulating LPS were susceptible to TSST1
      suggesting that very small amounts of endotoxin are sufficient to potentiate
      lethality. The ways in which TSST1 may allow shock to occur is discussed.

PMID- 4048217
TI  - Designs for the evaluation of the endotoxin assay as a diagnostic test.
AB  - The comprehensive evaluation of the usefulness of a new diagnostic test should
      include a hierarchy of assessments ranging from reliability and validity to
      impact on clinical decision making and outcome. This paper reviews some of the
      design methodology appropriate for evaluation of an endotoxin assay such as the
      Limulus Amebocyte Lysate test. Primary focus is on the design and analysis of
      studies aimed at establishing diagnostic validity. However, suggestions are made
      for the design of clinical studies of management change and to determine the
      impact on patient outcome. Results from such studies must be combined into a cost
      utility calculation eventually to determine societal benefit.

PMID- 4048218
TI  - The interphotoreceptor matrix in health and disease.

PMID- 4048219
TI  - Rod photoreceptors in the human retina synthesize and secrete interstitial
      retinol-binding protein.
AB  - 3H-fucose has been used as a probe to identify the retinal cells responsible for
      the synthesis of the fucose-containing glycoprotein, IRBP. While all retinal
      cells utilize 3H-fucose, rod photoreceptors show the highest levels of
      incorporation. Rods, cones and some cells in the inner nuclear layer lose 75%,
      11% and 14%, respectively, of their radioactivity during the chase incubation
      period. Radioactivity lost during the chase incubation period can be recovered
      from the incubation medium and characterized immunochemically as radiolabeled
      IRBP. While cones and cells of the inner nuclear layer (Muller's cells?) cannot
      be excluded as minor contributors, the major share of radioactivity lost from
      rods indicates that rod photoreceptors are principally responsible for the
      synthesis and secretion of IRBP.

PMID- 4048220
TI  - Characterization of the interstitial space: immunocytochemical and biochemical
      studies.
AB  - The interstitial space has been characterized using immunocytochemical and
      biochemical techniques. The pore size of the external limiting membrane that
      forms the vitread margin of this extracellular space has been probed using a
      series of biotinylated proteins of known Stokes' radius, followed by avidin
      horseradish peroxidase histochemistry. The pore size of the zonulae adherentes
      that collectively comprise the external limiting membrane has been found to lie
      between 30 and 36A. This is sufficiently small to block passage of interstitial
      retinol-binding protein (IRBP, Stokes' radius = 55A) from the interstitial space
      vitread into the retina. IRBP has been localized to the interstitial space of
      bovine retina by use of indirect immunogold electron microscopy. IRBP has also
      been identified in cytoplasmic vesicles of rod and cone inner segments. The
      function of these vesicles may be for secretion and/or uptake of IRBP from the
      interstitial space. A postulated function of IRBP is transfer of vitamin A
      between the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors during the visual
      cycle. Biochemical experiments have corroborated previous studies that IRBP
      becomes loaded with all-trans-retinol following bleaching illumination, while the
      amount of endogenous 11-cis-retinol remains unchanged. These data are consistent
      with the emerging concept that IRBP plays a role in transport of vitamin A among
      the cell types that border the interstitial space.

PMID- 4048221
TI  - The interphotoreceptor matrix--functions and possible role in hereditary retinal
      degenerations.

PMID- 4048222
TI  - Interstitial retinol-binding protein in the interphotoreceptor matrix of normal
      and dystrophic rats.

PMID- 4048223
TI  - IRBP and retinyl ester in the rd mutant retina.

PMID- 4048224
TI  - Experimental approaches for the study of hemoglobin switching. Proceedings of the
      Fourth Conference on Hemoglobin Switching. Airlie, Virginia, October 1-3, 1984.

PMID- 4048225
TI  - Studies on globin chain synthesis during hamster development.
AB  - Erythroid cells derived from the yolk-sac of the hamster embryos replicate in the
      embryonic circulation, actively synthesize hemoglobin, and are the dominant
      circulating erythroid cell through day 14 of gestation. Until day 11, at which
      time fetal liver rudiments appear, they are the only erythroid tissue present in
      the embryo. Because of their size (Fig. 1 and Table 1) they can be separated from
      erythrocytes produced by ontogenically later hemopoietic tissue (liver, spleen,
      bone marrow). The embryonic (three) and adult (three) globin chains of hamster
      hemoglobins separate cleanly by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel, (Fig. 2).
      This provides an advantage over mouse, whose x and z chains tend to co-migrate.
      During hamster embryonic development, yolk-sac erythroid cells first become
      available on day 7. Nine days later (birth), globin-chain ontogeny in the
      circulating blood is nearly complete (Fig. 3). When yolk-sac-derived erythroid
      cells are isolated at day 10 in gestation (prior to the appearance of fetal
      liver) and grown in culture for 3 days, changes in types of globin chains
      synthesized are identical to globin-chain ontogenic changes in vivo during
      gestational days 10 through 13 (Fig. 5). We conclude that the ontogenic "switch"
      of globin-gene expression in these erythroid cells is pre-programmed, and that
      the program is capable of full function despite a drastic change in cell
      environment from circulating blood to culture medium. The ability to study these
      primitive erythroid cells under the tightly controllable conditions of culture
      might facilitate acquisition of information on mechanisms of globin-gene
      ontogeny.

PMID- 4048226
TI  - Differential expression of murine adult hemoglobins in early ontogeny.
AB  - Mice with a mutation at the Hbbs, beta-globin locus, were used to study the
      relative levels of beta-s2major (mutant) and beta-sminor globins specified by the
      mutant Hbbs2 haplotype during development. At 11.5 days of gestation, beta-sminor
      comprised over 80 percent and beta-s2major under 20 percent of the adult beta
      globin. The relative level of beta-sminor decreased through fetal development; at
      birth beta-sminor represented 33.7 percent of the beta-globin. The adult values
      of 29.0 percent beta-sminor and 71.0 percent beta-s2major globin are expressed in
      mice six days after birth. Because the two beta-globin genes are expressed in
      mice of the Hbbs2 haplotype, both the beta-smajor and beta-sminor genes are
      presumably expressed in mice of the Hbbs haplotype. Expression of the beta-sminor
      gene is elevated to 35.6 percent in adult Hbbs2/Hbbs2 mice that have been bled
      repeatedly. Thus, the 5' beta-s2major and 3' beta-sminor genes of the Hbbs2
      haplotype and, presumably the 5' beta-smajor and 3' beta-sminor genes of the Hbbs
      haplotype, are regulated independently and are homologous to the 5' beta-dmajor
      and 3' beta-dminor genes of the Hbbd haplotype. Mice of the Hbbs2 haplotype are
      better suited than mice of the Hbbd haplotype for studying the mechanisms of
      hemoglobin switching because with Hbbs2 each of the three embryonic and two adult
      hemoglobins can be separated by electrophoresis.

PMID- 4048227
TI  - Effect of amygdaloid lesions on ethanol intake in rats.
AB  - The effect of electrolytic lesions of the amygdala on ethanol intake in ethanol
      naive rats has been studied. Rats with basolateral nuclei and lateral nuclei
      lesions showed a reduced neophobic response to an ethanol solution. However, the
      ethanol intake was too small in normal and lesioned rats to augment aversion
      through conditioning. Oral intake of ethanol supplemented by intraperitoneal
      ethanol injection to reach 2 g/kg indeed enhanced the initial sensory aversion to
      ethanol. This induced aversion was attenuated after basolateral lesions. An
      initial aversion to a mixed ethanol-sucrose solution was abolished after
      basolateral lesions, while the lateral lesions induced an initial preference for
      this solution. The initial oral intake of ethanol-sucrose in normal rats was
      again too small to induce the conditioned taste aversion (C.T.A.). Despite the
      high oral intake of this solution, rats with basolateral lesions did not show a
      conditioned aversion while laterally lesioned rats exhibited a strong conditioned
      aversion to the ethanol-sucrose mixture. The results which confirm the
      suppression of the C.T.A. by basolateral amygdala lesions are discussed in
      relation to the role of toxicophobia in ethanol intake by rats.

PMID- 4048228
TI  - Ethanol withdrawal tremor does not interact with physostigmine-induced tremor in
      rat.
AB  - Tremor in rats withdrawn from repeated ethanol administration was analyzed using
      an electronic device. The ethanol withdrawal tremor appeared in bursts during the
      first and second day of withdrawal and subsided at the third day of withdrawal.
      The frequency analysis showed that the mean frequency of withdrawal tremor was 6
      7 Hz during the 48 hr observation period used. The frequency spectra of tremor
      induced by physostigmine (0.7 or 0.9 mg/kg) in control rats revealed that the
      tremoring frequency encompassed only a narrow peak, which temporarily decreased
      from 13 Hz to 11 Hz during the tremoring period. Arecoline (25 mg/kg) also
      induced tremor with a peak frequency at 13 Hz, but this tremor did not show any
      temporary decrease in peak frequency. The frequency analysis of tremor in ethanol
      withdrawn rats treated with physostigmine showed that the rats trembled at two
      frequencies, 6-7 Hz and 13 Hz. These two frequencies, each characteristic for one
      of the treatments, remained separate during the 48 hr observation period. As
      these two tremors did not interact with each other, it is suggested that these
      tremors are mediated by different mechanisms in the central nervous system. Thus
      it seems unlikely that the central muscarinic cholinergic system is involved in
      the genesis of tremor during ethanol withdrawal.

PMID- 4048229
TI  - The effect of opiates and naloxone on food intake in virgin and lactating rats.
AB  - Lactation provides an excellent model of non-obese hyperphagia. There is
      accumulating evidence that endogenous opioids play a role in the modulation of
      the hormonal changes that occur during lactation. Because endogenous opioids
      appear also to play a role in the regulation of feeding, we studied the effects
      of the opiate agonist, butorphanol tartrate, and an opiate antagonist, naloxone,
      on food intake in virgin female rats and in rats during early, mid and late
      lactation and during post-weaning. It has been reported that female rats are less
      sensitive to the suppressant effects of nalmefene, an opioid antagonist, than
      male rats. Therefore, we also examined the effect of naloxone, an opioid
      antagonist, on spontaneous nocturnal feeding and 24 hour food deprivation-induced
      food intake in virgin female rats. We found that female rats were relatively
      insensitive to the food suppressant effects of naloxone following 24 hour food
      deprivation, while male rats tested under similar conditions had a decreased
      intake in response to naloxone. Despite the marked hyperphagia that occurred
      during lactation, there were minimal alterations in the response to opiate
      agonists and antagonists during this time period. Our data suggest that
      endogenous opioids may not play a pivotal role in the hyperphagia of lactation.

PMID- 4048230
TI  - Comparison of regional CNS ligand binding in two inbred rat strains: effects of
      chronic morphine.
AB  - Male rats of the F-344 and BUF inbred strains were given free access to a 10%
      sucrose solution containing 0.5 mg/ml morphine sulfate (controls received sucrose
      only) as their sole source of fluids. The daily intake of morphine averaged 101
      +/- 13 mg/kg. After 18 days on this regimen, animals were sacrificed and assayed
      for 3H-clonidine (alpha-2 adrenergic), 3H-dihydroalprenolol (DHA, beta 1 and 2
      adrenergic) and 3H-spiperone (SPD, 5-HT2 and D2) binding in several brain
      regions. In the absence of morphine treatment, BUF rats displayed higher levels
      of SPD binding in brainstem, as compared with the F-344 strain. In contrast,
      untreated F-344 rats exhibited higher levels of DHA binding in hypothalamus and
      SPD binding in striatum than BUF rats. Chronic morphine resulted in an increase
      in clonidine and DHA binding in the brainstem and hippocampus respectively of
      BUF, but not F-344 rats, suggesting a greater sensitivity of adrenergic function
      to opiate treatment in the BUF strain. The two strains differed qualitatively in
      the effect of morphine on striatal SPD binding, with BUF rats exhibiting a
      decrease, and F-344 rats an increase. The one consistent change observed in both
      strains was a quantitatively similar increase in hippocampal SPD binding after
      chronic morphine. The results demonstrate that despite strain-dependent
      differences in binding characteristics, chronic morphine elicits a strain
      independent alteration in hippocampal 5-HT2 binding. On the basis of these
      preliminary findings, it may be speculated that this particular neurochemical
      consequence contributes to morphine-induced behaviors which are observed
      independent of rat strain.

PMID- 4048231
TI  - Comparative effects of cathinone and amphetamine on fixed-interval operant
      responding: a rate-dependency analysis.
AB  - The actions of dl-cathinone and d-amphetamine on operant responding were compared
      in rats. The effects of both drugs were predominantly suppressive on behaviour
      maintained by a Fixed Interval 2 minutes schedule of reward. Both drugs had
      equivalent durations of action in suppressing responding. The actions of the two
      compounds could be described as rate-dependent, although their rate-dependent
      actions could most parsimoniously be attributed to drug-induced rate constancy.
      Methysergide (10 mg/kg) had no significant differential effect on the response
      suppressant effects of the two compounds, even though in vitro studies have
      indicated that cathinone and amphetamine differ in their serotonin receptor
      affinity. The actions of cathinone were qualitatively similar to those of
      amphetamine in this behavioural test. Furthermore the observed potency ratio for
      dl-cathinone to d-amphetamine (1:3) was similar to that reported elsewhere in a
      range of other behavioural tests (anorexia, adipsia, drug-induced rotation,
      lethality) for this pair of isomers. The only major difference reported to date
      between the behavioural actions of cathinone and amphetamine relates to the
      unexpectedly weak potency of cathinone in the conditioned taste aversion
      procedure. Cathinone, the major active constituent of the Khat plant, is
      therefore a psychostimulant drug which may possess potent reinforcing properties
      by virtue of its amphetamine-like stimulant actions coupled with its very weak
      aversive properties.

PMID- 4048232
TI  - Inheritance of amphetamine-induced thermoregulatory responses in inbred mice.
AB  - Two inbred strains of mice, DBA/2 and C57BL/6, differ in their responses to d
      amphetamine-induced alteration of core temperature. At low doses of amphetamine
      (e.g., 2 mg/kg IP), both strains become markedly hypothermic within 10-20
      minutes. High doses (e.g., 20 mg/kg IP) induce significant hyperthermia (+1.8
      degrees C) in DBA/2 mice but have only a slight hyperthermic effect (+0.2-0.3
      degrees C) effect on C57BL/6 mice. The phenotype of the F1 hybrid strain derived
      by crossing C57BL/6 by DBA/2 is indistinguishable from its C57BL/6 parent at a
      dose of 20 mg/kg IP, i.e., reduced responsiveness to amphetamine-induced
      hyperthermia is dominant. Analysis of the thermoregulatory responses of
      recombinant inbred derivatives (lines BXD-9, 11, 15, 19, 20, 21, 23, 27, 28, 30)
      suggest that the relative responses to amphetamine-induced hyperthermia is
      inherited in a simple Mendelian fashion. These results differ from other pairs of
      inbred mouse strains which have been compared. These findings identify yet
      another neuropharmacological difference between mouse strains C57BL/6 and DBA/2
      and are reviewed in terms of neuroregulatory mechanisms effecting
      thermoregulation.

PMID- 4048233
TI  - Methylphenidate effects on activity-stress gastric lesions and regional brain
      noradrenaline metabolism in rats.
AB  - Methylphenidate (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg/day) or saline were administered to rats in
      the activity-stress ulcer paradigm. Running-wheel activity and food consumption
      did not differ among groups. Methylphenidate produced dose-related increases in
      gastric ulcer severity, decreases in hypothalamic noradrenaline (NA) and
      increases in 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylethyleneglycol sulfate (MHPG-SO4) in the
      hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus and thalamus. These results differ markedly
      from the effects seen with a related substance, d-amphetamine, and suggest
      different mechanisms of action for these drugs.

PMID- 4048234
TI  - Prenatal antiandrogen feminizes behavioral but not neurochemical response to
      estrogen.
AB  - In ovariectomized female rats, estrogen activates high levels of female sexual
      behavior and induces an increase in the number of cholinergic muscarinic binding
      sites in the medial basal hypothalamus, an area known to regulate this behavior.
      Male rats normally show low levels of female sexual behavior and no alteration in
      muscarinic binding in response to estrogen treatment. An experiment was conducted
      to determine if a prenatal treatment that feminizes the sexual behavior of male
      rats would also establish the potential for estrogen to increase muscarinic
      binding in the male hypothalamus. Results indicate that prenatal exposure to the
      antiandrogen, flutamide, enhanced estrogen-activated female sexual behavior in
      male rats but failed to reverse the inability of estrogen to increase muscarinic
      binding in the medial basal hypothalamus.

PMID- 4048235
TI  - Interactions between toluene and alcohol.
AB  - Weanling male Fischer-344 rats were exposed by inhalation to air or 2000 ppm
      toluene for 8 hours each day for 2 weeks. Subgroups had access to water or 6%
      alcohol as their only fluid sources, respectively. Rats exposed to both toluene
      and alcohol subsequently showed a marked preference for 6% alcohol in two-bottle
      choice tests that persisted for up to 20 days for some rats. Rats exposed to
      toluene without access to alcohol and control rats (exposed to air and water)
      showed a marked aversion to the alcohol solution, and only 2 of 12 rats forced to
      drink alcohol without exposure to toluene preferred alcohol in the preference
      tests. Exposure to both toluene and alcohol also caused greater inhibition of
      weight gain than exposure to either substance alone, accompanied by greater signs
      of organ toxicity as indicated by clinical blood chemistries. Exposure to toluene
      caused marked hearing loss as assessed by a behavioral technique (conditioned
      avoidance), and there was a trend toward enhancement of this ototoxic effect by
      forced consumption of alcohol.

PMID- 4048236
TI  - Low doses of methylnaloxonium in the nucleus accumbens antagonize hyperactivity
      induced by heroin in the rat.
AB  - The effect of microinjection of a quaternary opiate antagonist methylnaloxonium
      (MN) in the lateral ventricle, ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens
      (N.Acc.) was examined on the locomotor activation produced by a subcutaneous
      heroin injection (0.5 mg/kg) in the rat. At this dose heroin typically produced
      an initial depressant phase (0-30 min) followed by a prolonged hyperactivity (40
      120 min). Lateral ventricular injections did not significantly reverse the
      initial depressant effects of heroin (0-30 min), and a dose of 4 micrograms was
      needed to reverse the subsequent hyperactivity (40-120 min). The most potent
      blockade was observed following injections into the N.Acc. where 0.1 microgram
      significantly reversed the initial depressant effects of heroin (0-30 min), and
      0.25 microgram significantly reversed the subsequent hyperactivity (40-120 min).
      In the VTA, MN had the weakest effects, failing to reverse significantly the
      initial depressant effects of heroin (0-30 min), and only attenuating the
      subsequent hyperactivity at the highest doses. It is suggested that certain
      opiates act on the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway at the level of the cell
      bodies in the VTA, but more critically in the N.Acc., possibly on opiate
      receptors postsynaptic to the dopamine neurons.

PMID- 4048237
TI  - Drug discrimination and cross generalization between two methylxanthines.
AB  - Twenty-one rats were trained to discriminate 32 mg/kg caffeine from saline in a
      two-lever drug discrimination task (variable ratio) while another ten rats were
      trained to discriminate 56 mg/kg theophylline from saline. For each group, dose
      effect curves (% drug-lever responses and overall response rate) were obtained
      for both caffeine and theophylline. Significant dose-related generalization of
      each training drug was found for both the caffeine- and theophylline-trained
      rats. Concomitant dose-related decreases in overall response rate also were
      apparent. Similar dose-related effects were seen with cross-generalization tests
      for various doses of the other xanthine. The nature of the training session
      preceding the test session was found to have an effect on discrimination
      performance at intermediate test doses. Drug appropriate responding was higher
      and overall response rate was lower after saline- than after drug-training days.
      Such data may suggest the possibility of short-term tolerance to caffeine's cue.
      That the discriminative cue was specific to the xanthines was shown by the lack
      of generalization seen after either amphetamine or metrazol.

PMID- 4048238
TI  - Hypothalamic sites sensitive to morphine and naloxone: effects on feeding
      behavior.
AB  - Three experiments investigated the feeding response of brain cannulated rats to
      hypothalamic injection of norepinephrine (NE), the opiate agonist morphine
      sulfate (MO) and the opiate antagonist naloxone (NAL). Morphine elicited feeding
      in a dose-dependent manner when injected into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN)
      of satiated rats, at doses of 0.78 to 100 nmoles, with a threshold dose of 1.56
      nmoles. Naloxone, at doses of 3.13 to 200 nmoles, was injected into the PVN of
      food-deprived rats and was found to produce a dose-dependent suppression of
      feeding (threshold dose of 6.25 nmoles). Animals with brain cannulas aimed at the
      PVN, the perifornical hypothalamus (PFH), the dorsomedial (DMN) and ventromedial
      (VNM) nuclei were compared for their sensitivity to the feeding stimulatory
      effects of NE and MO (except in the DMN) and the feeding suppressive effects of
      NAL. Consistent with earlier reports, the PVN-cannulated animals exhibited a
      reliable increase in feeding after NE injection; the VMN cannula yielded a small
      feeding response, whereas the DMN and PFH were insensitive to NE. Morphine, in
      contrast, strongly stimulated eating after administration into PFH, as well as
      the PVN, apparently dissociating the NE and MO eating responses. The VMN,
      however, was generally unresponsive to both MO and NE. With regard to NAL's
      suppressive effect on feeding, the PVN and PFH, which were sensitive to MO, also
      exhibited responsiveness to opiate antagonism suggesting the existence in these
      areas of opiate receptors that modulate feeding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4048239
TI  - Prenatal nicotine affects fetal testosterone and sexual dimorphism of saccharin
      preference.
AB  - In order to study effects of nicotine on fetal gonadal axis and sexually
      dimorphic behavior, time-pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were implanted on
      gestational day (GD) 12 with an osmotic minipump containing either nicotine
      tartrate, tartaric acid or saline. Others were sham-operated on GD 12 or left
      untreated. Male fetuses of all control groups displayed the characteristic rise
      in plasma testosterone at GD 18 (as compared to GD 17 and 19); this was abolished
      by nicotine. Adult offspring of untreated or tartaric acid-treated dams exhibited
      a marked sexual dimorphism in their preference for saccharin-containing drinking
      water at 0.06-0.25%. No such sex difference was seen in offspring of nicotine
      treated rats. In controls, the sexes differed with respect to the proportion of
      rats with high saccharin preference. In the group of males prenatally exposed to
      nicotine, the proportion of animals with high preference increased to the female
      level. These data indicate that prenatal exposure to nicotine can interfere with
      the development of the male gonadal axis and with the organization of sexually
      dimorphic behavior.

PMID- 4048240
TI  - Differential effects of selected dopaminergic agents on locomotor activity in
      normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) exhibit a significantly higher level of
      spontaneous locomotor activity than age-matched normotensive controls (WKY). The
      direct-acting dopamine agonists, apomorphine and pergolide, produced a biphasic
      effect on locomotor activity levels in normotensive controls. Low doses of these
      agonists decreased activity levels, while higher doses of these agonists
      dramatically stimulated activity. In marked contrast to these results was the
      effect observed in the SHR, in which these agonists at all doses tested decreased
      activity. Amphetamine, a dopamine releaser, stimulated activity levels in both
      the WKY and SHR; however, the magnitude of the increase was somewhat attenuated
      in the SHR.

PMID- 4048241
TI  - Patterns of exploration in rats distinguish lisuride from lysergic acid
      diethylamide.
AB  - In order to further validate a previously proposed animal model of the effects of
      LSD in humans, doses of 5, 15, 30 and 60 micrograms/kg lisuride (a non
      hallucinogenic congener of LSD) were studied using a behavioral pattern monitor
      (BPM). The BPM provided both quantitative measures of crossovers, rearings, and
      holepokes and qualitative measures of spatial patterns of locomotion. A holeboard
      chamber connected to a homecage provided two test situations. Rats were tested
      either with (free exploration) or without access to the homecage (forced
      exploration). In both situations, lisuride exhibited a biphasic dose-response
      curve for horizontal locomotion (low dose suppression and high dose enhancement),
      while rearing was significantly reduced at all doses. Lisuride also produced a
      dose-dependent increase in the perseverative quality of locomotor patterns. A
      comparison of these results with our previous studies with lysergic acid
      diethalmide (LSD) indicate that, with the exception of rearings, lisuride fails
      to mimic LSD's characteristic effects on exploratory activity. Rather, lisuride
      exhibited many similarities to the dopamine angonist apomorphine.

PMID- 4048242
TI  - Chlordiazepoxide and successive discrimination: different effects on acquisition
      and performance.
AB  - Benzodiazepines have been reported to increase low rates of responding during a
      stimulus correlated with non-reinforcement while leaving prestimulus rates
      unaffected (successive discrimination). However, the results have been obtained
      by superimposition of the drug upon a discrimination which was learned in the
      absence of drug. The observed effects may therefore have been due to the sudden
      change in drug state (state-dependency) rather than to a specific action of the
      drug. The present experiments found that chronic administration of
      chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg, IP) impaired acquisition but not performance of
      successive discrimination. Intermittent administration of chlordiazepoxide
      impaired discrimination by increasing low rates of responding during the stimulus
      signalling non-reinforcement. This effect was obtained with saline-drug but not
      drug-saline state changes (asymmetric state-dependency). A final experiment
      showed that chronic administration of the drug did reduce well-learned inhibition
      resulting from signalled shock. It was concluded that chlordiazepoxide has not
      only pure anxiolytic but also state-dependent effects and that if successive
      discrimination depends on conditioned frustration it does so only while the
      discrimination is being learned.

PMID- 4048243
TI  - Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of methyl naloxonium chloride
      on heroin self-administration in the rat.
AB  - A quaternary derivative of naloxone, methyl naloxonium chloride (MN), was
      administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV) to rats trained to self-administer
      heroin intravenously. MN produced a dose-dependent (0.5-4.0 micrograms) increase
      in responding for heroin. Since MN is unlikely to reach the peripheral
      circulation in these doses, these results were viewed as strongly supporting the
      hypothesis that central opiate receptors are solely responsible for mediating the
      reinforcing properties of heroin during self-administration. In addition, the
      present study suggests that intracerebral MN injections may prove to be a useful
      technique in the search for central substrates of heroin reward.

PMID- 4048244
TI  - Effects of naloxone on heroin-, amphetamine- and caffeine-stimulated locomotor
      activity in the rat.
AB  - We investigated the effects of naloxone on the locomotor activating properties of
      heroin (0.25 mg/kg SC), d-amphetamine (0.25 mg/kg SC) and caffeine (7.5 mg/kg
      SC). Naloxone eliminated heroin-stimulated locomotion at doses approximately six
      times lower than those that blocked amphetamine-stimulated locomotion. Caffeine
      induced locomotor activation was insensitive to naloxone at all doses tested.
      These results suggest that central opiate systems are differentially involved in
      the behavioral activation produced by heroin, amphetamine and caffeine.

PMID- 4048245
TI  - Role of ceruloplasmin in inflammation: increased serum ceruloplasmin levels
      during inflammatory conditions and its possible relationship with anti
      inflammatory agents.
AB  - Serum ceruloplasmin (CPN) levels under different types of acute and chronic
      experimentally-induced inflammatory conditions in rats and the effect of anti
      inflammatory drugs viz. oxyphenylbutazone and hydrocortisone on serum CPN levels
      were investigated. Significant increase of serum CPN levels was observed in all
      experimental animal models with induced inflammatory conditions. Treatment with
      oxyphenylbutazone and hydrocortisone failed to inhibit the raised serum CPN
      levels. The concurrent increase of serum CPN level during induced inflammatory
      conditions suggest the involvement of serum CPN as one of the body's inbuilt
      defensive mechanism against noxious responses or inflammation. It is suggested
      that the increased serum CPN levels may be a complimentary factor associated with
      inflammatory conditions.

PMID- 4048246
TI  - Intensification of the base deficit induced by vagotomy after atropine treatment
      in dogs.
AB  - The effects of atropine treatment on the heart rate, the arterial blood pressure,
      the respiratory rate, the acid-base profile and the oxygenation of arterial blood
      were investigated in chloralose anaesthetized dogs. As the I.V. atropine sulphate
      (1mg/kg) in saline (9% w/v) did not induce base deficit or alter the acid-base
      profile, the section of vagal parasympathetic (motor) fibres in normal
      (untreated) ones could not be held responsible for the observed base deficit
      after their vagotomy. Such observed base deficit was most likely engendered
      reflexively due to the section of vagal sensory fibres; as only general
      activation, not the withdrawal (section) of vagal sympathetic fibres might induce
      such an effect. Moreover, the bilateral vagotomy in these atropinized dogs
      induced a larger base deficit, which mostly contributed to the increase of H+ion
      concentration therein. This comparative enhancement of base deficit suggests that
      the opening of the negative feed back loop of the (aortic chemoreceptor) sensory
      fibres points to the blocking effect of atropine on the cholinergic link in the
      central (medulla) chemosensitive mechanism. The base excess observed after
      vagotomy in propranolol treated animals suggested that the base deficit vagal
      sensory fibres was mediated through reflexive activation of sympatho-adrenal
      axis.

PMID- 4048247
TI  - Olive oil-provoked bile-dependent absorption of heparin from gastro-intestinal
      tract in rats.
AB  - Aqueous heparin sodium solution dispersed in olive oil administered esophageally
      to fed rats induced blood plasma clearing activity, inhibition of blood
      coagulation and increased plasma heparin level. Plasma clearing activity was
      dependent on heparin dose (125 to 1000 mg/Kg). No plasma clearing activity being
      observed in pylorus- or coledoch-ligated rats, while heparin absorption
      reappeared after ox or rat bile administration, we conclude that olive oil
      favours enteral absorption of heparin by increasing bile function.

PMID- 4048248
TI  - Synthesis of some new amidine derivatives as potent hypoglycemic agents.
AB  - A series of S-arylformamidino-N-(alkyl/arylisothiourea) Cyclicamino
      dihydrochlorides were synthesised and screened for their hypoglycemic activity in
      normal as well as alloxanized diabetic rats. Some of the compounds (Id, Ie, Ih-1)
      showed more than 30% lowering of blood sugar level of Albino rats.

PMID- 4048249
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of flunitrazepam in rats studied by a radioreceptor assay.
AB  - In rat the kinetics of flunitrazepam (FNZ) was evaluated by a radioreceptor assay
      (RRA) after i.v. administration of 1 mg/kg and after oral administration of 1 and
      3 mg/kg. The i.v. kinetics is biexponential and the g.i. absorption is very rapid
      (with a plasma peak at 0.25 hour) with a good bioavailability (69%); the apparent
      distribution volume is high, 4.8 L/kg; the half-life is equal to 3.5 hours; the
      elimination constant is equal to 0.8 h-1; the urinary excretion of FNZ-equivalent
      is negligible; the plasma total clearance is equal to 3.9 (L/kg)h-1. The
      concentrations of FNZ-equivalents after oral administration of 1 mg/kg show a
      peak at the 2-nd hour with a very high concentration in the following organs (in
      decreasing order): brain, kidneys, heart, liver; after 8 hours no FNZ-equivalents
      are present in these organs except in the brain, which shows detectable
      concentrations at the 32-nd hour. The peak concentrations of FNZ-equivalent in
      brain, kidneys and heart are higher than the corresponding peak concentration in
      plasma.

PMID- 4048250
TI  - [The stability of hydrochlorothiazide and cyclopenthiazide in various drug forms.
      2. The stability of Disalunil tablets].
AB  - Checking-up the stability of hydrochlorothiazid tablets (Disalunil), chemical and
      especially pharmaceutical-technological analyses were forming part of the
      adequate test programme. The pharmaceutical and chemical properties of the
      Disalunil tablets will be regarded as sufficient ones at normal conditions of
      their storage. In case the tablets will be stored, however, in their original
      packing under conditions of an increased humidity or with additional water, the
      water sorption will result in prolonged disintegration rates as well as in a
      reduced radial breaking strength and dissolution rate. This significant
      depreciation of the drug cannot be recognized by chemical-analytical methods.

PMID- 4048251
TI  - [The toxicologic evaluation of biomaterials. 1. Results of biomaterial tests in
      cultures of human amnion epithelial cells and human fibroblasts].
AB  - Cell cultures are a highly sensitive toxicological model used also for the
      testing of biomaterials. Beside the safety tests provided in the Pharmacopoeia of
      GDR cultures from human amnionepithelial cells and fibroblasts are used. The
      paper reports the results of some methodical investigations concerning the
      procedure of extraction of biomaterials, the evaluation of test results and the
      comparison with the results of other biological tests.

PMID- 4048252
TI  - The compression of granulates containing solid dispersions.
AB  - In the present work granulates containing solid dispersions of diazepam were
      compressed into tablets. The results show that polyethyleneglycol (PEG 6000) give
      the best tablets which disintegrate when a strong disintegrant is added
      extragranularly. The tablets keep their good physical properties when stored in
      normal or low humidity conditions.

PMID- 4048253
TI  - [The use of dry binding materials for the direct compression of phenylbutazone].
AB  - Direct compression of phenylbutazone is possible only with addition of excipients
      of several kinds, because its material properties are unfavourable. It is
      necessary to use besides disintegrant glidant, lubricant and antistatic agents
      too. The authors investigated the influence of two microcrystalline cellulose
      binders (Avicel and Heweten) for the pressability of phenylbutazone and on
      properties of the tablets, respectively. It was determined the physical
      parameters of the tablets and the dissolution characteristics of the active
      ingredient. It has been found, that Heweten optimized the exactness of dosage of
      the tablets as well as resulted in a faster dissolution than Avicel. Therefore,
      Heweten proved to be the more suitable binder.

PMID- 4048254
TI  - Comparative bioavailability studies on some brands of ampicillin capsules.
AB  - The bioequivalence of two generics of Ampicillin capsules, hitherto untested,
      were assessed using Penbritin capsules, the innovator's brand, as the reference
      product. The bioavailability study was carried out in nine healthy volunteers
      given one capsule (250 mg) of ampicillin in a completely randomized cross-over
      design. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) of the results indicated that one of the
      products tested, designated ampicillin (X), was significantly different (p less
      than 0.05) in its bioavailability compared to Penbritin while the other product,
      ampicillin (Helm), was not.

PMID- 4048255
TI  - [The pharmacokinetics of ampicillin in pregnant women with H-gestosis in the last
      trimester of pregnancy].
AB  - In this paper pharmacokinetic data of ampicillin in 9 pregnant women with H
      gestosis are compared with those from 8 healthy pregnant women in the last
      trimenon. 5 g Ampicillin were given as an i.v. bolus-injection. Ampicillin was
      determined in serum and urine by a polarographic method. Important kinetic data,
      such as concentration in serum, distribution into the peripheral compartment and
      t1/2 beta do not differ. The non-significantly changed central distribution
      volume (V1) as well as the reduced renal excretion in combination with normal
      serum creatinin values have to be considered in connection with the general
      constriction of blood vessels in pregnant women with H-gestosis. From the kinetic
      data one cannot derive any necessity for changing the mode of application or the
      dose of ampicillin in pregnant women with H-gestosis.

PMID- 4048256
TI  - [Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal species from the Dakar markets].
AB  - After drawing up an inventory of Dakar markets popular medicinals plants,
      antimicrobial activity of 43 species have been screened. With the agar diffusion
      method, crude extracts of 24 species show an activity against Sarcina lutea or
      Escherichia coli. The antimicrobial spectrum of these extracts against 11 germs
      has been evaluated with the agar dilution method. 13 species show M.I.C. lower
      than 10 mg/ml against some germs. This preliminary study select some plants of
      potential interest for development of new antibacterial.

PMID- 4048257
TI  - [Methotrexate recovery].

PMID- 4048258
TI  - Bioavailability studies of chlorpropamide from its polyvinylpyrrolidone
      coprecipitate.

PMID- 4048259
TI  - [Drug permeation through artificial lipoid membranes. 19. The mechanism of ion
      pair permeation--alkali ion countertransport].

PMID- 4048260
TI  - Protective effects of AICAriboside in the globally ischemic isolated cat heart.
AB  - The effects of a purine precursor, AICAriboside (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide
      riboside), on postischemic recovery of myocardial function and adenine
      nucleotides have been studied in the isolated blood-perfused cat heart. The
      isolated hearts received either AICAriboside or saline prior to 60 min of global
      ischemia and during 60 min of subsequent reperfusion. After 60 min of global
      ischemia and reperfusion, left ventricular function of the AICAriboside-treated
      hearts approached preischemic values, whereas contractile function of the saline
      treated hearts remained depressed. At 60 min postischemia, recovery of left
      ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) was 62 +/- 10% for the saline-treated
      hearts as compared to 93 +/- 8% for the AICAriboside-treated hearts. Left
      ventricular compliance of the saline-treated hearts was decreased slightly at 60
      min postischemia. In contrast, left ventricular compliance was increased in the
      isolated hearts which received AICAriboside. Myocardial ATP concentrations were
      decreased significantly at 60 min postischemia in both the saline-treated hearts
      and in the AICAriboside-treated hearts relative to nonischemic hearts. Similarly,
      total adenine nucleotides (TAN = ATP + ADP + AMP) were decreased significantly in
      both the saline-treated hearts and AICAriboside-treated hearts relative to
      nonischemic hearts. The present study demonstrates that AICAriboside protected
      globally ischemic hearts from the mechanical dysfunction associated with an
      ischemic insult but did not restore ATP or the total adenine nucleotide pool of
      the postischemic myocardium.

PMID- 4048261
TI  - Effect of l-p-tyrosine on the development of renal hypertension in rats.
AB  - Dietary administration of tyrosine (0.25-2.50%) to rats whose kidneys were
      bilaterally encapsulated with latex envelopes provided modest protection against
      the development of hypertension. Elevation of blood pressure was slower (one
      experiment) and maximal level attained was reduced (two experiments) compared to
      untreated, renal encapsulated controls. In addition, the polydipsia, polyuria,
      and reduced renal concentrating ability characteristically accompanying
      hypertension were attenuated. The mechanism(s) accounting for the partial
      protection against hypertension reported here is unknown although administration
      of tyrosine was accompanied by a reduced cardiovascular responsiveness to graded
      doses of phenylephrine.

PMID- 4048262
TI  - Absorption of heparin injected into various parts of the rat intestinal tract: a
      bile-dependent mechanism?
AB  - Heparin sodium, dissolved in water, causes plasma clearing activity (PC) and
      appreciable heparinemia (HE) when directly delivered into the duodenum, the
      jejunum, the ileum or the large intestine of rats, as well as when administered
      through an esophageal tube to distal duodenum-ligated animals. However,
      choledochus occlusion significantly decreases both PC and HE produced by
      intraesophageal heparin application. It is suggested that, in rats, bile flow
      participates in intestinal heparin absorption.

PMID- 4048263
TI  - Isolation and comparison of four cytochrome P-450 enzymes from phenobarbital
      induced rat liver: three forms possessing identical NH2-terminal sequences.
AB  - Phenobarbital pretreatment of male rats induced four microsomal cytochrome P-450
      enzymes, at least one of which has previously not been reported. Three of the
      induced forms of the cytochrome possess identical NH2-terminal amino acid
      sequence for the first 32 residues (PBRLM5, 6 and 7). This sequence is identical
      to that shown earlier for PB-4 and PB-5. Apparent values for minimum molecular
      weight on SDS-PAGE were 52,000 (PBRLM4), 53,000 (PBRLM5), 53,500 (PBRLM6) and
      54,000 (PBRLM7). Isomeric metabolite patterns from testosterone and progesterone
      differed for each enzyme further indicating their unique natures. Studies reveal
      similarity of PBRLM4 to PB-1, of PBRLM5 to P-450b and PB-4, and PBRLM6 to P-450e
      and PB-5. PBRLM7, which does not correspond to any reported forms, metabolizes
      steroids poorly. It preferentially hydroxylates testosterone at the 16 beta
      position. It is the largest and least active of the enzymes shown for all of the
      substrates tested. This study further provided a cautionary note against assuming
      that chromatographic pools, like a P-450 PB-B fraction, are homogeneous.

PMID- 4048264
TI  - Schizophrenia, psychoticism, neuroleptics, and auditory evoked potentials.
AB  - Auditory cortical evoked potentials of 20 schizophrenic patients with an acute
      exacerbation of the illness were investigated before neuroleptic medication and
      after remission of the acute symptoms, and compared with healthy controls matched
      for sex and age. Additionally, tests were conducted in 40 healthy volunteers to
      ascertain whether psychoticism or other personality factors were correlated with
      evoked potentials. The aim of the study was to test the overarousal hypothesis of
      schizophrenia and to control the effects of clinical state, neuroleptic
      medication and personality factors. Acutely ill schizophrenic patients had a
      shorter evoked potential N1 latency (Table 1). After remission of the symptoms
      under haloperidol N1 latency of the patients was no longer different from that of
      the controls. Patients after remission and on medication, however, had longer P2
      and N2 latencies and a greater P2-N2 amplitude (Table 2). Psychoticism and
      extraversion were correlated negatively with amplitude data of components N1 and
      P2 in healthy volunteers. The results favor the overarousal hypothesis of
      schizophrenia. Haloperidol normalizes N1 latency in acutely ill patients. It's
      effect on later components of the evoked potentials seems comparable to a
      reduction in vigilance. Auditory evoked potentials might allow to follow up the
      effect of neuroleptics in acute schizophrenia. It seems necessary to consider
      personality factors when comparing patients with healthy controls in evoked
      potential studies.

PMID- 4048266
TI  - Prism representation: a 3D ray-tracing algorithm for radiotherapy applications.
AB  - Computing the intersection of a line with a volume, or 'ray tracing' as it is
      commonly known, is an integral component of three-dimensional radiotherapy dose
      calculation algorithms. Examples of ray tracing include the intersection of a ray
      from the radiation source with the patient, with heterogeneous volumes within the
      patient and with beam-modifying devices, such as a wedge or compensator. Ray
      tracing is also of primary importance in the field of three-dimensional computer
      graphics. Through the process of ray tracing, various display features, such as
      hidden surfaces, shadows, reflection and refraction, can be rendered simply and
      with startling realism. Advances have recently been made in three-dimensional ray
      tracing methods in computer graphics. Due to the similarity of ray tracing in
      three-dimensional computer graphics and radiotherapy, these new techniques have
      an immediate application to the ray-tracing problems in three-dimensional
      radiotherapy dose calculations. The purpose of this paper is to present these
      advances and illustrate their use in radiation therapy.

PMID- 4048265
TI  - Dexamethasone suppression test as an aid for selection of specific antidepressant
      drugs in patients with endogenous depression.
AB  - The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and response to two different
      antidepressant drugs (maprotiline as a specific noradrenergic, and amitriptyline
      as a predominantly serotoninergic drug) were investigated in 44 endogenously
      depressed female inpatients. The more anxious and/or agitated patients were
      mostly treated with amtiriptyline, the non-anxious and retarded patients with
      maprotiline. It was found that among maprotiline responders (N = 15) there were
      significantly more abnormal DSTs and postdexamethasone serum cortisol levels were
      significantly higher than among amitriptyline responders (N = 16). On the other
      hand, DST abnormalities among amitriptyline non-responders (N = 10) were similar
      to those among maprotiline responders. The results confirm earlier reports by
      Brown et al. (1980), Ettigi et al. (1983) and Fraser (1983) and indicate that
      abnormal DST may identify the "noradrenergic" subtype of endogenous depression
      and that the DST represents a good way of selecting a specific antidepressant
      drug for the treatment of endogenously depressed patients.

PMID- 4048267
TI  - Cathodoluminescence applied to the study of human glomerulonephritis.
AB  - The cathodoluminescence (CL) emission of fluorescent species submitted to
      electron beam irradiation in a scanning electron microscope may be used to reveal
      the localisation of the emitter at microscopic level. This technique has been
      applied to the study of human renal biopsies with membraneous glomerulonephritis.
      Cryosections of biopsies were stained with specific antibody, labelled either by
      fluorescein or by rhodamine. Rhodamine exhibited a stronger luminescence and a
      greater resistance to the 'beam effect' than fluorescein. We obtained CL
      panchromatic pictures of sections labelled with rhodamine at enlargements up to
      X15 000, without noticeable quenching of emission.

PMID- 4048268
TI  - Protein and ion hydration variation in mixed aqueous solutions: measurement by
      dielectric decrement.

PMID- 4048269
TI  - A water surface as thermal reference object for thermography.

PMID- 4048271
TI  - Comment on 'Generalised Batho correction factor'.

PMID- 4048270
TI  - Beam divergence of medical lasers.

PMID- 4048272
TI  - Statement from the 1985 Paris meeting of the International Commission on
      Radiological Protection.

PMID- 4048273
TI  - Natural and radiation-induced cataracts in man and mouse, and natural macular
      degeneration in man: proposed mechanisms.
AB  - A unified theory of growth and age-dependent disorders is applied to the
      interpretation of epidemiological data for natural and radiation-induced
      cataracts and natural macular degeneration in man. Using the same unified theory,
      mechanisms are also proposed to explain the experimental evidence for natural and
      radiation-induced lenticular opacities in the lens of the mouse. Epidemiological
      and experimental data are strikingly consistent with the hypothesis that natural
      cataract formation is an autoaggressive process but the details of pathogenesis
      differ greatly between the two species. Radiation dose-response relations reflect
      these contrasts. Lenticular opacities in the nuclear-bomb survivors at Hiroshima
      and Nagasaki were probably induced by a 'single-track' mechanism. Radiation
      induced generalised opacification in the lens of the mouse results from a 'multi
      track' process. The pathogenesis of natural macular degeneration in man happens
      to have close parallels with that of natural opacification in the mouse. We
      discuss some implications of these inferences for the phenomenon of radiation
      induced lethal disorders in man.

PMID- 4048274
TI  - Depth-dose evaluation and optimisation of the irradiation facility for boron
      neutron capture therapy of brain tumours.
AB  - Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) of brain tumours was investigated using
      thermal neutrons generated by a middle-power research reactor such as the TRIGA
      II. The spatial distributions of neutrons and gamma rays were measured using a
      head phantom at different collimator apertures. Total depth-dose distributions
      were deduced from these results and were evaluated. We also obtained an optimum
      condition in terms of the collimator aperture, the 10B concentration in the
      tumour and the ratio of 10B concentration in the tumour to that in normal tissue.
      We found that, under this condition, BNCT using thermal neutrons from the TRIGA
      II could be successfully used to treat a deep tumour.

PMID- 4048275
TI  - The measurement of absorbed dose and dose-equivalent levels for in vivo neutron
      activation analysis.
AB  - A dual-chamber dosimetric method together with microdosimetric measurements have
      been employed to characterise the mixed neutron-gamma radiation field of a d-T
      neutron activation facility. Central axis and patient axis air kerma levels are
      reported together with patient midline dose levels determined from phantom
      measurements. The gamma-ray fraction of the total absorbed dose determined by the
      dual-chamber and microdosimetric method were found to be in agreement, within the
      estimated uncertainty limits. The free-air measurements indicate a uniform kerma
      profile across the patient couch with a midpoint kerma rate of about 0.2 mGy min
      1 and a gamma-ray fraction of 14%. Phantom measurements yielded a patient midline
      total absorbed dose rate of about half this value and a gamma-ray fraction of
      27%. A mean neutron quality factor of 9.3 derived from microdosimetric
      measurements was assigned to the neutron absorbed dose.

PMID- 4048276
TI  - In vivo measurement of lead in bone using x-ray fluorescence.
AB  - The factors affecting the accuracy and minimum detectable concentration of in
      vivo tibia lead measurement are discussed, and it is demonstrated that the use of
      a 109Cd source in a backscatter geometry and using the 88 keV coherently
      scattered photon for normalisation optimizes both criteria. The measurement is
      shown to be independent of variations in source-sample distance, thickness of
      overlying tissue and tibia size and shape. Applying the same technique in vitro
      to samples of human tibia and metatarsals, it is shown that the results are not
      significantly different (p approximately equal to 0.9) from atomic absorption
      spectrometry results from another laboratory. The results of Monte Carlo dose
      distribution calculations are presented and compared with measurements using
      thermoluminescent dosemeters: the mean absorbed dose to a 20 cm leg section is
      less than 0.1 mGy (10 mrad) and the maximum absorbed skin dose is 0.45 mGy (45
      mrad). For this dose the minimum detectable lead concentration is 10 micrograms g
      1. Finally, the technique has been applied to groups of normals and
      occupationally exposed workers, and the means have been shown to be significantly
      different, namely 10 and 31 micrograms g-1 respectively. In the normal subjects
      tibia lead correlated strongly with age (r = 0.63, p less than 0.001).

PMID- 4048277
TI  - Selected noble-gas partition coefficients.
AB  - The Ostwald solubility of 41Ar, 127,133Xe, N13N and CH3 18F in water, saline,
      blood, plasma, lipids, benzene and bone were measured in vitro. In addition the
      bone-blood partition coefficients for these gases were determined. For 41Ar, the
      bone-blood partition function is found to be 1.1 +/- 0.3, whereas for xenon the
      bone-blood partition coefficient is 0.41 +/- 0.1.

PMID- 4048278
TI  - The pressure within a collapsed tube, with special reference to urethral
      pressure.
AB  - A definition is proposed for tube pressure (the pressure within a collapsible
      tube in the collapsed state, e.g. the urethral pressure or the pressure in the
      anal or oesophageal sphincter) which conforms to the common sense view that it is
      a measure of the ability of the tube to prevent leakage. It is not dependent on
      the orientation of a measuring probe in the tube. The orientation effects which
      have previously been reported are due to attempted bending of a stiff measuring
      catheter by internally and externally applied forces. A satisfactory way of
      measuring the tube pressure, by slow perfusion through a thin, flexible catheter
      with an end hole, and of testing whether it is a meaningful concept in a given
      case, is proposed. It is illustrated by measurements of urethral pressure in 42
      continent and incontinent females. No cases of urinary incontinence due to poor
      urethral sealing ability are observed, indicating that tube pressure is a
      meaningful concept. The theory of viscosity-limited flow through a compressive
      zone in a collapsible tube, on which the perfusion method of measuring tube
      pressure is based, is developed.

PMID- 4048279
TI  - Dielectric properties of low-water-content tissues.
AB  - The dielectric properties of two low-water-content tissues, bone marrow and
      adipose tissue, were measured from 1 kHz to 1 GHz. From 1 kHz to 13 MHz, the
      measurements were performed using a parallel-plate capacitor method. From 10 MHz
      to 1 GHz, a reflection coefficient technique using an open-ended coaxial
      transmission line was employed. The tissue water contents ranged from 1 to almost
      70% by weight. The dielectric properties correlate well with the values predicted
      by mixture theory. Comparison with previous results from high-water-content
      tissues suggests that bone marrow and adipose tissues contain less motionally
      altered water per unit dry volume than do the previously studied tissues with
      lower lipid fractions. The high degree of structural heterogeneity of these
      tissues was reflected in the large scatter of the data, a source of uncertainty
      that should be considered in practical applications of the present data.

PMID- 4048280
TI  - Dielectric properties of ocular tissues in the supercooled and frozen states.
AB  - Values of the relative permittivity and conductivity of the rabbit retina and
      lens have been measured between 10 MHz and 10 GHz over the temperature range 20
      to -20 degrees C. As the temperature was lowered from 20 degrees C the dielectric
      parameters changed smoothly until -9 degrees C where freezing occurred. At this
      temperature a sharp transition was observed in both conductivity and relative
      permittivity, the latter falling to a value of below 10 over most of the
      frequency range. Analysis shows that this is due to the unfreezable water, from
      which a value of lens hydration is calculated. This value agrees with that
      obtained previously at 37 degrees C using conventional dielectric mixture theory,
      but the associated margin of error is much smaller.

PMID- 4048281
TI  - Effective wedge angles with a universal wedge.
AB  - Some recently designed x-ray-producing accelerators are equipped with a single
      built-in wedge, and different 'effective' wedge angles are obtained by combining
      an open (unwedged) and a wedged field in the appropriate proportions. This paper
      describes a technique for determining these proportions from measured isodose
      distributions of the two component fields. Our data for the Philips SL/75 6 MV
      accelerator are compared with two existing theoretical models. One model, in
      which the beams are weighted by the ratio of the tangents of the effective and
      nominal wedge angles, agrees with the data to within 3 degrees over the range of
      effective wedge angles and square field sizes examined. The second and simpler
      model, in which the beams are weighted by the ratio of the wedge angles directly,
      results in errors of as much as 11 degrees. It is shown that both of these models
      are approximations to an exact theoretical solution which may be formulated in
      terms of one free parameter. This parameter may be interpreted physically as the
      ratio of the slopes of the central-axis depth-dose curves for the open and wedged
      fields.

PMID- 4048282
TI  - Sensory information and geographical orientation in healthy subjects.
AB  - The effect of sensory input on the performance of a geographical orientation task
      of children at two different ages (kindergartners and fourth graders) and adults
      was determined. I investigated the ability of subjects to point accurately to the
      starting position after experiencing identical routes under three sensory
      conditions. In Condition 1, subjects were led walking through routes and could
      see the walls and ceiling of the test room (visual, somatosensory, and vestibular
      information). In Condition 2, subjects were led walking with vision occluded
      (somatosensory and vestibular information). In Condition 3, subjects were pushed
      in a wheelchair with vision occluded (primarily vestibular information). As more
      sensory information was available, subjects maintained their orientation better
      to their starting position, and accuracy improved with age. This quantitative
      analysis of geographical orientation may be appropriate for future clinical
      studies of neurologically impaired adults and children.

PMID- 4048283
TI  - Effects of ankle dorsiflexion on active and passive unilateral straight leg
      raising.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to analyze the straight-leg-raising (SLR) maneuver
      while the ankle was fixed in dorsiflexion or relaxed in plantar flexion. Twenty
      two healthy subjects underwent active and passive SLR with the ankle in each
      position. We used cinematography to document movement of the right lower limb and
      pelvis and electromyography to document hamstring muscle activity. Analyses of
      variance of the angles of maximum SLR and change in the pelvic position showed a
      significant F ratio (p = .01) among the active and passive trials. Post hoc
      analyses demonstrated significant differences (p = .01) between SLR with
      dorsiflexion and SLR with plantar flexion. The EMG activity among trials was not
      significantly different. The possible causes of the effects of dorsiflexion on
      SLR are discussed. We encourage clinicians to document and compare SLR with
      dorsiflexion and SLR with plantar flexion, and we recommend additional research
      to examine the relative influence of tissue structures on SLR.

PMID- 4048284
TI  - Walking patterns of healthy subjects wearing rocker shoes.
AB  - We compared walking in rocker shoes with walking in athletic shoes at free and
      fast velocities in 15 healthy women who were between the ages of 21 and 30 years.
      Footswitches, electrogoniometers, surface electromyograms, and a force plate were
      used for data collection. No significant differences were found in velocity,
      cadence, gait-cycle duration, single-limb support, or swing-stance ratios in free
      and fast walking. Double-limb support was decreased by 9% in the rocker shoes in
      free walking. The ankle range of motion showed accommodation of the foot to the
      8.5 degrees of plantar flexion built into the rocker shoes. Electromyographic
      responses appeared to be similar regardless of shoes or cadence.

PMID- 4048285
TI  - Effects of postural bias during support surface displacements and rapid arm
      movements.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate body-sway characteristics during
      anticipatory and reactive postural compensation. Mechanisms of postural control
      were studied during self-initiated rapid arm movements (RAMs) and unexpected
      support surface displacements (SSDs). Ten healthy subjects, 5 men and 5 women
      with a mean age of 28 years, were blindfolded and stood symmetrically on a
      moveable force platform or with weight shifted right (R) or left (L). Averaged
      electromyographs were obtained from L anterior deltoid, L ipsilateral biceps
      femoris (BFi), R contralateral biceps femoris (BFc), R quadriceps (Q), R medial
      gastrocnemius (G), and R tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. During SSD, the relative
      timing of distal-proximal synergists was altered during all biased postures. In L
      biased standing, functional pairs, TA-Q and G-BF, discharged at their shortest
      latencies. Anterior deltoid onset times during RAM were most preparatory during R
      weight shift. Sway latencies were shorter also in biased standing. Absolute sway
      latency, peak sway, and time-to-peak sway were significantly longer in SSD
      conditions in comparison with RAM. When disturbances in balance cannot be
      predicted, lower extremity preloading facilitates contralateral muscle-discharge
      patterns at shorter latencies. In some neurological conditions that result in
      incorrect body alignment, the mechanical effects of postural bias rather than the
      abnormal control mechanisms may at least contribute to alterations in the
      postural response. These results provide a basis for evaluating balance in
      patients with neurological deficit.

PMID- 4048286
TI  - Patient-perceived functional outcomes associated with elective hip and knee
      arthroplasties.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect elective hip and knee
      arthroplasties had on functional activities of daily living and if the background
      variables of age, gender, and surgery location can be used to predict functional
      outcome after these types of surgeries. Data were collected from 43 subjects, 6
      to 35 months after they had elective hip or knee arthroplasties. The subjects
      responded to a mail survey that defined before surgery and after recovery
      functioning in relation to 22 activities of daily living representing personal
      care, housework-yard work, and recreation-social activities. Approximately 65% of
      the subjects reported no change in their ability to perform the 22 surveyed
      activities. Psychosocial variables appeared to be significant determinants of
      function. When the selected background data were compared with surgery results,
      women performed significantly better than men (p less than .05), but age and
      surgery location were not significant variables affecting outcome.

PMID- 4048287
TI  - Relationship of pelvic and thigh motions during unilateral and bilateral hip
      flexion.
AB  - We filmed the hip flexion movement with a 16-mm motion picture camera to
      determine if a synergistic relationship between the pelvis and thigh existed.
      Seventeen young subjects, whose pelvises and thighs were marked with tape,
      underwent active and passive, unilateral and bilateral hip flexion while in the
      supine position. Analysis of the film revealed that the hip flexion movement is
      composed of two components--pelvic rotation and flexion of the thigh on the
      pelvis. Between one fourth and one third of the hip flexion movement was the
      consequence of pelvic rotation. This rotation always occurred within the first 8
      degrees of the hip flexion movement. When therapists evaluate and treat patients
      with disorders of the thigh, pelvis, or lumbar spine, they should be aware that
      these structures normally move in synergy with one another. We suggest that the
      pelvifemoral relationship be examined further in studies with a wide range of
      healthy subjects and patients with a variety of clinical disorders.

PMID- 4048288
TI  - Acromioclavicular joint arthritis treated by mobilizing the glenohumeral joint. A
      case report.

PMID- 4048289
TI  - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for pain control after spinal fusion
      with Harrington rods. A clinical report.
AB  - During the past two years, we have been using transcutaneous electrical nerve
      stimulation (TENS) for pain control after spinal fusion with Harrington rods.
      This report describes our postoperative pain management program and our
      evaluation of its effectiveness. We examined postoperative pain medication usage
      and found that patients using TENS received fewer doses of several commonly
      prescribed pain drugs than did patients not using TENS devices. Difficulties we
      encountered in evaluating our program are described along with recommendations
      for other researchers interested in assessing TENS in the management of
      postoperative pain.

PMID- 4048290
TI  - Device for increasing passive ankle dorsiflexion at home. Suggestion from the
      field.

PMID- 4048291
TI  - Design for a soft orthosis. Suggestion from the field.

PMID- 4048292
TI  - Resources for vocational planning applied to the job title of PHYSICAL THERAPIST.
AB  - Industrial rehabilitation is a rapidly developing area of health care. As a
      result, physical therapists need to become functionally familiar with common
      vocational planning processes and resources. Therefore, the purpose of this
      article is to describe a process called Vocational Diagnosis and Assessment of
      Residual Employability (VDARE), which is based on the Dictionary of Occupational
      Titles (DOT) and Classification of Jobs (COJ) resources. We have provided the DOT
      and COJ classifications for the job title of PHYSICAL THERAPIST as an example of
      their terminology. A critique of the DOT and COJ, applied to several occupational
      examples, suggests these resources be used with supplemental task analyses for a
      given job. The physical therapist, however, can use the VDARE process and the DOT
      and COJ resources to identify specific and achievable job targets for clients
      rather than relying solely on traditional trial and error, on-the-job evaluation.

PMID- 4048293
TI  - Introduction to hypotheses testing.
AB  - The statistical concepts discussed in this review are intended as a basis to
      understanding concepts that will be presented in PHYSICAL THERAPY during the
      coming months. The basis for hypotheses testing is probability theory. When a
      null hypothesis is either accepted or rejected, researchers are stating the
      probability that a specific treatment will be more or equally effective in a
      specific population under stated conditions. This ability to predict, based on
      appropriate application and interpretation of statistical tests, ultimately
      improves patient care.

PMID- 4048294
TI  - Vocal fold adjustments in aspirated and unaspirated stops in Danish.
AB  - Vocal fold adjustments in Danish aspirated and unaspirated stops were
      investigated by electromyography, photo-electric glottography, and fiberoptic
      stills. The results show that these two stop types are produced primarily by
      different types of glottal gesture, rather than by a different timing of the
      glottal and supraglottal articulations. Other, more general aspects of glottal
      behaviour in relation to aspiration and devoicing in stops are also discussed.

PMID- 4048295
TI  - Photosensitized inactivation of Chinese hamster cells by phthalocyanines.

PMID- 4048297
TI  - In vivo and post mortem measurements of the attenuation spectra of light in
      mammalian tissues.

PMID- 4048296
TI  - Different (direct and indirect) mechanisms for the induction of DNA-protein
      crosslinks in human cells by far- and near-ultraviolet radiations (290 and 405
      nm).

PMID- 4048298
TI  - The ocular dose of ultraviolet radiation from sunlight exposure.

PMID- 4048299
TI  - The use of short lived fluorescent dyes to correct for artifacts in the
      measurements of fluorescence lifetimes.

PMID- 4048300
TI  - The effect of pH on the aerobic and anaerobic photolysis of tryptophan and some
      tryptophan-containing dipeptides.

PMID- 4048301
TI  - The vitamin D endocrine system.

PMID- 4048302
TI  - 36th annual fall meeting of the American Physiological Society. Buffalo, New
      York, October 13-18, 1985.

PMID- 4048303
TI  - [CNS involvement in primary angiitis--personal clinicomorphologic studies of 6
      cases].
AB  - We report on the clinical symptomatology, diagnostic difficulty and inadequate
      possibilities for treatment of 6 patients suffering from primary agiitis of
      intracranial vessels. They died at age 36 to 64 years. The duration of the
      disease varied between 6 weeks and 11 1/2 years and was diagnosed, autoptically
      in all cases, as giant cell angiitis (2 cases) and, trombangiitis obliterans (4
      cases). A degenerative cerebrovascular process had already been assumed
      clinically in four of the cases, and intracranial veins were also involved in
      three (very distinctly in one). The vascular disease was generalised or
      multilocular in four observations. Although autoimmunological processes were
      probably involved, the etiopathogenesis is still, in the final analysis, more or
      less unknown.

PMID- 4048304
TI  - [Schizophrenically disordered time perception and its modification by
      neuroleptics].
AB  - The authors deal with the question as to whether the target symptom "disturbed
      time perception" is to be considered a basic schizophrenic symptom and whether
      therapeutical (neuroleptic) control possibilities exist. 135 schizophreniacs have
      given statistical evidence (intensity quotient, Wilcoxon comparison, Hotelling
      Pabst test, exact probability test according to Fisher/Yates) that the disturbed
      time perception of schizophreniacs is accessible by a differentiated neuroleptic
      therapy but is not a basic schizophrenic disturbance.

PMID- 4048305
TI  - [The current role of neurosyphilis in the differential diagnosis of
      neuropsychiatric diseases].
AB  - Over a period of eight years, 16 patients from a non-selected number of patients
      in a neuropsychiatric special hospital were diagnosed to suffer from neurolues
      not known so far. Apart from the classical clinical pictures (PP and T. d.)
      meningovascular courses of disease with apoplectiform onset have been dominant
      since 1980. The patients concerned were nearly exclusively younger male
      adolescents. The decline in the classical development of neurolues in favour of
      meningovascular and atypical clinical pictures makes clinical diagnosis more
      difficult and requires routine application of standardized specific and
      serological tests in clinical practice.

PMID- 4048306
TI  - [Antidromal sensory potential--a method of recording and normal values].
AB  - A brief review is given of the literature dealing with the antidromic sensory
      potential and the different values attached to it. Methods of deriving this
      potential are described, and normal values for the antidromic sensory nerve
      conduction velocity are given.

PMID- 4048307
TI  - [Trigeminal involvement following preventive influenza vaccination].
AB  - Neuralgia-like complaints occurred in the region served by the ramus ophthalmicus
      et maxillaris nervi trigemini dexter of a woman aged 48 years two days after she
      had been inocculated with an inactivated influenza-A adsorbate complete vaccine
      (A/Bangkok/1/79 (H3-N2)); (A/Brazil/11/78 (H1-N1)). The clinical findings are
      explained, and the possibility of a connection between the symptomatology and a
      previous inocculation is discussed.

PMID- 4048308
TI  - A dicentric iso (Y) chromosome in an infertile male.
AB  - A dicentric Y chromosome was detected in a 30-year-old azoospermic male patient
      who was found to be mosaic for 45,X/46,X,dic Y(qter----p11::p11----qter). The
      dicentric iso (Y) chromosome was identified conclusively with C-banding, G
      banding and Q-banding techniques. The relationship of structural abnormalities of
      the Y chromosome and azoospermia is discussed.

PMID- 4048309
TI  - Transport of exogenous albumin across lymphatic endothelium--an ultrastructural
      study.
AB  - The pathways involved in protein transport across the lymphatic endothelium of
      the rat renal cortex after in vivo drip fixation were studied ultrastructurally.
      Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were made on tissues from
      physiological saline-injected rats and on tissues from rats injected
      intravenously with rat albumin (0.2 mg/g body wt., 0.4 mg/g body wt. or 0.8 mg/g
      body wt.). The volume density values of intracytoplasmic vesicles were as
      follows: (1) saline-injected rats: 0.024, (2) 0.2 mg/g body wt. albumin-injected
      rats: 0.029 (p less than 0.05), (3) 0.4 mg/g body wt. albumin-injected rats
      increased to 0.033 (p less than 0.01), (4) 0.8 mg/g body wt. albumin-injected
      rats had a value of 0.022. The numerical density of intracytoplasmic vesicles
      increased from 27/micrometers 3 after saline injection to 35/micrometers 3 (p
      less than 0.05) after 0.2 mg/g body wt. albumin injection. When rats were
      injected with 0.4 mg/g body wt. albumin, the numerical density was 44/micrometers
      3 (p less than 0.01, in comparison with saline-injected rats) but this value
      decreased to 27/micrometers 3 in rats injected with 0.8 mg/g body wt. albumin. In
      the four groups, the range of vesicles was 28-38% opening into the lymphatic
      lumen and 7-16% of vesicles opening into the interstitial space. The remaining
      vesicles were free in the endothelial cytoplasm. There were more open junctions
      and wider cell junctions in the 0.8 mg/g body wt. albumin-injected group. It is
      concluded that normally albumin molecules are transported into the lymphatic
      capillaries by intracytoplasmic vesicles or through the normal interstitial space
      between endothelial cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4048310
TI  - The prospects for clinical psychoneuroendocrinology: has the curtain been drawn
      across the neuroendocrine window?

PMID- 4048311
TI  - Alcohol dependence and the need to drink: a compulsion?

PMID- 4048312
TI  - Priorities for research on mental health in primary care settings.
AB  - A Delphi study was conducted with a multi-disciplinary group of experts attending
      a conference on mental illness in primary care settings. Respondents' priorities
      for research which could maximize benefits for service developments in this field
      were elicited by asking them to distribute hypothetical annual research budgets
      among (a) 6 mental health priority areas, and (b) 7 subjects 'needing'
      investigation within the primary care priority area. The respondents' three top
      ranked priority areas for research were: (1) primary care; (2) the elderly
      mentally ill; and (3) chronically disabling mental illness. Their three top
      ranked subjects for investigation within the primary care priority area were: (1)
      the effectiveness of treatment measures; (2) the problems of mental health
      presenting to primary care services; and (3) the training requirements for family
      doctors in psychiatric skills. The results are discussed with reference to the
      method used and to the economic concepts of programme budgeting and marginal
      analysis.

PMID- 4048313
TI  - Abnormal illness behaviour in young women in a primary care setting: is Briquet's
      syndrome a useful category?
AB  - In a study of abnormal behaviour in women aged 16-25 in one large group practice
      a screening instrument and an interview were used to identify Briquet's Syndrome.
      The prevalence, 2.04 per 1000, was lower than that found in previous studies. The
      fact that many other patients showed both the high consultation rates and the
      other correlates of Briquet's Syndrome brings the usefulness of a discrete
      syndrome into doubt.

PMID- 4048314
TI  - Illness behaviour and rehospitalization in bipolar affective disorder.
AB  - Fifty hospitalized patients with bipolar affective disorder were interviewed on
      discharge from hospital. Over the subsequent 12 months, 36 of these patients were
      readmitted to hospital. Compared with the remainder, those readmitted had had
      more past hospital admissions and on interview were rated as being less able to
      recognize and respond to early symptoms of relapse and were less accepting of
      medication.

PMID- 4048315
TI  - Multiple memory deficits in Alzheimer-type dementia: implications for
      pharmacotherapy.
AB  - This paper investigates the memory disorder of Alzheimer-type dementia by
      comparing the performance of Alzheimer patients on selected memory tests with
      that of Korsakoff patients and healthy controls. Alzheimer patients have deficits
      in both primary and secondary memory, and this finding is compared with that
      which pharmacological studies predict would occur on the basis of cholinergic
      depletion. The deficits in primary memory are unlikely to be accounted for in
      terms of cholinergic depletion, and provide a possible explanation for the
      disappointing results of trials of cholinergic replacement therapy in this
      disorder. On the other hand, the pattern of deficit in secondary memory is
      entirely consistent with that expected from cholinergic depletion.

PMID- 4048316
TI  - Problems in evaluating the consequences of disabling illness: the case of
      multiple sclerosis.
AB  - There is a need for a method, useful both to the clinician and to the research
      worker which can assess both the 'quantity' and the 'quality' of daily life. In
      this paper two 'diary' methods are described for obtaining accounts of daily
      activities, social contacts and patterns of interaction from people diagnosed as
      having multiple sclerosis. The information obtained is compared with that derived
      from a major decennial national survey of the population aged over 4 years and
      from a selected group of matched non-patient controls. The paper is divided into
      two parts, each concentrating on one of the techniques. The first is a postal 24
      hour written account; the second a detailed tape-recorded interview known as the
      'Standard Day Interview'. Difficulties and advantages in using these approaches
      to assess both the quantitative and the qualitative changes during disabling
      illness are discussed and proposals for developing the methods are presented.
      Indications of substantive variation in the use of time by samples drawn from the
      'healthy' and from populations with multiple sclerosis are reported.

PMID- 4048317
TI  - Psychological correlates of coronary heart disease.
AB  - The Type A behaviour pattern and other measures of psychological traits and
      symptom states were assessed in 92 subjects (predominantly male) presenting for
      coronary angiography. These measures were correlated with three angiographic
      indices of coronary heart disease (CHD) severity and two clinical indices (angina
      and the duration of CHD). The only psychological measures associated with
      atherosclerosis (assessed by angiography) were indices of personality: Type A
      (the Jenkins Activity Survey), trait tension, trait anxiety and suppression of
      anger. It was concluded that these traits may have some role in the pathogenesis
      of coronary atherosclerosis. None of the measures of psychological symptoms
      showed a significant association with angiography indices. However, depressive
      symptoms and expressed hostility were associated with the severity of angina and
      duration of heart disease. It was concluded that these affects are the
      consequences of the physical disability of CHD.

PMID- 4048318
TI  - The psychiatric correlates of coronary pathology: validity of the GHQ-60 as a
      screening instrument.
AB  - The 60-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Clinical Interview
      Schedule (CIS) were administered to a consecutive series of 194 patients with
      established or presumptive coronary heart disease (CHD) attending an out-patient
      cardiology unit. The GHQ proved to be a valid instrument for the routine
      screening of this population. The presence of organic anginal pain was associated
      with high scores on the GHQ, but with a lower specificity and a higher percentage
      of false positives. This was not found in patients with atypical or non-cardiac
      chest pain. These findings suggest a need for an upward revision of the cut-off
      score on the GHQ in patients with organic anginal pain. False negatives were
      found predominantly among patients with personality disorders, and in those
      characterized by the longstanding nature of their symptomatology and by higher
      levels of defensiveness.

PMID- 4048319
TI  - Psychiatric aspects of contempt of court among women.
AB  - The case histories of 72 women admitted to prison for contempt of court in 1979
      83 were reviewed. The sample included 45% of all women imprisoned for contempt in
      England and Wales over the 5-year period. The contemnors were significantly older
      than other sentenced prisoners, one third were foreign born and 37.5% were
      suffering from psychiatric disorder. Two thirds of the mentally disordered group
      had a paranoid disorder, litigiousness was a prominent feature of their illness,
      and 52% committed contempt in the context of a matrimonial dispute or a dispute
      with neighbours. Recent legislation may help to prevent the imprisonment of
      mentally ill contemnors.

PMID- 4048320
TI  - Psychiatric aspects of railway fatalities.
AB  - National statistics for railway fatalities in England and Wales show a reduction
      of train crashes and a fluctuating level of deaths, of which an increasing
      proportion is from suicide. A closer examination of a two-year sample from the
      South of England revealed a large proportion of probable suicides and a small
      proportion of pure accidents. The remainder appeared to have medical, mainly
      psychiatric, contributions to their death, of which alcohol was an important
      factor in single young men. Rail suicides appear to be younger, the men less
      often married, the women more often married, and both sexes less often widowed
      than other suicides. They included more cases of major psychosis and neurosis,
      but fewer and less severe alcoholics. Characteristic patterns of this method of
      suicide are described with examples. Hypotheses to explain the choice of method
      suggest that it is not related to either volume of traffic, or residence in a
      rail-dense area or in an area with a high suicide rate, or the proximity of a
      psychiatric hospital.

PMID- 4048321
TI  - Cumulated need for psychiatric service as shown in a community psychiatric
      project.
AB  - District psychiatric services often supplement intramural mental health
      programmes. They usually result in an increase in the number of referrals to the
      mental health facilities, which reflects a cumulative need for psychiatric
      examination and treatment in the population. A significant decrease in the annual
      first referral rates per 1000 inhabitants aged 15 years and above is apparent in
      an analysis of the trends in the Danish Samso community psychiatric service from
      its inception in 1957 until 1982. The average annual rates were 19.4 in the first
      5-year period, 10.0 in the second 5-year period, and 8.4 in the 'steady state
      period' from 1967 to 1982. The conclusion is, therefore, that the work load
      connected with the cumulative need for psychiatric examination and treatment
      should be terminated in approximately 10 years. A comparison of the two 5-year
      periods, 1957-61 and 1978-82, demonstrated a decrease in first referral rates in
      almost all diagnostic groups: this is significant among manic-depressive
      psychoses, neurotic states and unspecified mental disorders. The rates of no
      mental disorders and senile and arteriosclerotic psychoses were almost unchanged.
      In the 10-year age groups there was a decrease in first referral rates for all
      groups, except for the groups aged 75 years and above whose rates were unchanged.
      The concept of cumulative need for psychiatric examination and treatment is
      discussed in relation to the reports of various district psychiatric service
      programmes in different European countries.

PMID- 4048322
TI  - The construction, development and testing of a self-report questionnaire to
      identify social problems.
AB  - The construction and testing of a short self-report questionnaire identifying
      social problems, difficulties and dissatisfactions is described. The
      questionnaire covers housing, occupation, finance, social and leisure activities,
      child/parent and martial relationships, relationships with relatives, friends,
      neighbours and workmates, and legal problems. The results of the administration
      of the questionnaire in a number of settings are provided and discussed, and a
      final version is included in the Appendix.

PMID- 4048324
TI  - Medical students' attitudes towards psychiatry: a conceptual shift.
AB  - Based on the Nevid & Morrison Libertarian Mental Health Ideology Scale, the
      present study shows a conceptual/ideological shift in medical students' attitudes
      towards psychiatry after a 6-week psychiatry course. The resultant attitudes were
      more in line with those of teaching staff than those of the clinical team.
      Overall, the students developed a more positive view of psychiatry.

PMID- 4048323
TI  - A comparison of the validity of two psychiatric screening questionnaires (GHQ-12
      and SRQ-20) in Brazil, using Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis.
AB  - The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) (Goldberg, 1972) and the Self Report
      Questionnaire (SRQ-20) (Harding et al. 1980) were simultaneously validated
      against the criterion of the Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS) (Goldberg et al.
      1970) in three primary care clinics in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. A
      comparison between the two screening instruments was carried out. The product
      moment correlation between the two sets of scores was +0.72, and the validation
      coefficients for the GHQ-12 and the SRQ-20 were respectively: sensitivity 85% and
      83%; specificity 79% and 80%; overall misclassification rate 18% and 19%. The two
      screening instruments were further compared by the application of Relative
      Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis and, again, were found to be very similar
      in performance. The area under the ROC curve was 0.87 for the GHQ and 0.90 for
      the SRQ-20 (Z = 0.92, NS). Both psychiatric screening instruments were therefore
      found to be acceptably valid when assessed against the CIS in three primary care
      settings in Brazil. The application of ROC analysis to studies of this kind was
      feasible and straightforward. It was found to be superior to the conventional
      method of presentation of validity data. It is recommended that the application
      of ROC analysis to psychiatric screening studies be further utilized and
      explored.

PMID- 4048326
TI  - Asperger's syndrome and non-verbal communication: a pilot study.
AB  - The study investigated the ability of 10 patients with Asperger's syndrome to
      recognize and produce non-verbal aspects of facial and spoken (e.g. vocal
      intonation) communication by use of photographs, audiotape and videotape. It also
      aimed to establish materials to differentiate individuals with this condition
      from a comparable non-Asperger group. Asperger subjects tended to be poorer than
      comparable patients on all subtests.

PMID- 4048325
TI  - Severe hypoglycaemia and sudden death in anorexia nervosa.
AB  - Two patients with severe anorexia nervosa developed hypoglycaemic coma which was
      fatal in one case. Physical exertion may have contributed to this complication.

PMID- 4048327
TI  - Parental pressure for tonsillectomy: attitudes and knowledge of parents
      accompanying their children to an ear, nose and throat clinic.
AB  - The parents of 120 children referred for possible tonsillectomy to an ear, nose
      and throat (ENT) surgeon were studied. There was no evidence that a desire for
      the operation fulfilled 'psychological needs' for parents or was a means of
      coping with a 'deviant' child. Parents favouring tonsillectomy were less well
      informed, and the educational role of the general practitioner in reducing the
      small number of those who inappropriately pressurize medical services is
      highlighted.

PMID- 4048328
TI  - A test of the "hired gun" hypothesis in psychiatric testimony.

PMID- 4048329
TI  - Scale for assessing nurses' attitudes toward arthritis.

PMID- 4048330
TI  - Maslach Burnout Inventory: factor structure and norms for British nursing staff.

PMID- 4048331
TI  - Assessing spouses' perceptions of Gottman's temporal form in marital conflict.

PMID- 4048332
TI  - Medical school socialization and the new physician: role, status, adjustments,
      personal problems, and social identity.

PMID- 4048333
TI  - Clinical ratings: relationship to objective psychometric assessment in
      individuals with dementia.

PMID- 4048334
TI  - MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale and Repression: detection of false negatives.

PMID- 4048335
TI  - Patterns of weight change: the interval 6 to 10 years after initial weight loss
      in a cognitive-behavioral treatment program.

PMID- 4048336
TI  - Life stress in spasmodic and congestive dysmenorrhea.

PMID- 4048337
TI  - Inquiry into the incidence of hyperlexia in a statewide population of children
      with pervasive developmental disorder.

PMID- 4048338
TI  - Stress in casino floor employees.

PMID- 4048339
TI  - Children's attitudes toward mental illness as assessed by the Opinions About
      Mental Illness Scale.

PMID- 4048340
TI  - Strain-producing aspects of life events.

PMID- 4048341
TI  - Neuropsychological function and psychopathology in epilepsy.

PMID- 4048342
TI  - Relationship of anxiety and depression scores to WAIS performance of psychiatric
      patients.

PMID- 4048343
TI  - Frustration as an important determinant of alcohol-related aggression.

PMID- 4048344
TI  - Age and types of stress: a comparison of college-age and elderly adults.

PMID- 4048345
TI  - Relationship between self-esteem, depression and alcohol consumption among
      adolescents.

PMID- 4048346
TI  - On effects of paternal ethanol treatment on fetal outcome.

PMID- 4048347
TI  - "Terminal drop" as a sign of depression in elderly individuals: an hypothesis.

PMID- 4048348
TI  - Depression and expectations of satisfaction.

PMID- 4048349
TI  - P300 and long-term memory: latency predicts recognition performance.

PMID- 4048350
TI  - Cardiac and blink reflex concomitants of attentional selectivity: a comparison of
      adults and young children.

PMID- 4048351
TI  - Behavioral control of respiration in sleep and sleepiness due to signal-induced
      sleep fragmentation.

PMID- 4048352
TI  - Association of aerobic fitness with pulse rate and subjective responses to
      psychological stress.

PMID- 4048353
TI  - The pupil and stimulus probability.

PMID- 4048354
TI  - Orienting, habituation, and short-term memory.

PMID- 4048355
TI  - Individual differences in autonomic response: conditioned association or
      conditioned fear?

PMID- 4048356
TI  - Detection of the heartbeat and events in the cardiac cycle.

PMID- 4048357
TI  - A controlled investigation into the measurement properties of two circumferential
      penile strain gauges.

PMID- 4048358
TI  - Emotional adjustment of early adolescents with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Eighty-five 12- to 15-year-old adolescents regularly attending the cystic
      fibrosis (CF) clinic of The Hospital for Sick Children were asked to complete the
      Children's Health Locus of Control and the Tennessee Self Concept Scale. Their
      parents were requested to complete the Child Behavior Checklist. Thirty-four
      males (72%) and 28 females (74%) participated in the study. This study found that
      adolescents with CF are able to maintain a good self concept, be socially
      competent, and perceive that they are in control of their health while showing an
      increase in behavior problems. Females rely heavily on denial and are more
      behaviorally compliant, whereas boys use less denial but show more behavior
      problems. Males appear to integrate having a physical disorder into their self
      concept, whereas females do not. The findings demonstrate a difference in
      mechanisms of coping with cystic fibrosis between male and female adolescents
      with CF, which may contribute to the decline in physical status in females and
      better survival of males.

PMID- 4048359
TI  - Naloxone reduces food intake in humans.
AB  - Hypotheses generated from animal studies that the endogenous opioid system is an
      important modulator of food intake suggest that blockade of the system in humans
      should affect eating behavior. To assess this hypothesis, seven normal volunteers
      were given 2 mg/kg naloxone or placebo on separate days in a double-blind, random
      but balanced cross-over experimental design. Compared to placebo, naloxone was
      found to reduce significantly total food intake from preselected prepared trays
      served 2.75 and 7.75 hours after drug administration (p less than 0.02). The
      reduction was considerable (28%), and although the magnitude varied greatly among
      individuals, reduction occurred in each. This reduced food intake was not
      accompanied by a demonstrable alteration of the volunteers' perceptions of their
      hunger. Further cautious experimental investigation of naloxone's effects during
      long-term administration and in patients with eating disorders is warranted in
      light of its apparent effect of reducing food intake in humans while not
      decreasing their satiety.

PMID- 4048360
TI  - The effect of stress on colon motor and electrical activity in irritable bowel
      syndrome.
AB  - The present investigation was designed to study the role of stress on the
      physiologic mechanisms of the colon in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Patients
      with IBS were compared with normal controls during resting and stress (mental
      arithmetic, cold pressor, and fear stressor). The results indicated that IBS
      patients had significantly higher motor activity than normals in the resting
      state but did not differ from them in the mean dominant frequency of the basal
      electrical rhythm (BER) or the proportion of the time they had 2-4 cycles per
      minute (cpm) slow-wave activity. Stress significantly increased motor activity in
      both groups although they did not differ significantly from each other during
      stress. Stress increased the proportion of 2-4 cpm slow-wave activity in IBS
      patients, but decreased in the controls. The type of stressor, however, did not
      influence either motor or electrical activity. Although IBS patients were
      significantly older than the controls and scored higher on the MMPI scales of
      Hypochondriasis, Hysteria, and Depression, these factors did not significantly
      influence differences in motor or electrical activity between the groups. The
      results are discussed in terms of the role of learning in the colon.

PMID- 4048361
TI  - Retrospective exaggeration of symptoms: vomiting after gastric surgery for
      obesity.
AB  - The possibility that patients may retrospectively exaggerate the severity of
      complaints that they have experienced has not been systematically investigated.
      The validity of retrospective reports was called into question by a study of
      vomiting following gastric bypass surgery for obesity. Such vomiting occurred
      relatively infrequently--no more than 3.4 times per week, even during the first
      postoperative month. At a 6-month follow-up, however, some patients reported that
      they had experienced very high rates of vomiting postoperatively, in direct
      contradiction to their earlier reports. Such retrospective exaggeration has
      apparently contributed to the widespread belief that vomiting following gastric
      bypass surgery is a serious problem. We believe that this report is the first to
      describe retrospective exaggeration of symptoms. Further research is needed to
      assess the extent of this problem.

PMID- 4048362
TI  - Life events, social support, and illness.
AB  - Positive and negative life events and social support were correlated with illness
      among Navy Submarine School students. Negative, but not positive, life events in
      the recent past were related to reports of illness. Although social support by
      itself was not related to illness reports, the relationship between negative life
      events and illness was stronger among subjects with low rather than high levels
      of social support. The results suggest the importance of assessing both stressful
      life events and moderators of response to stress, such as social support, in
      investigating the role played by personality in illness.

PMID- 4048363
TI  - Influence of physical fitness in determining the impact of stressful life events
      on physical and psychologic health.
AB  - To determine whether physical fitness (aerobic capacity) moderated the
      relationship between stressful life events and subsequent illness, 112 subjects
      first reported their life changes (stress) for the preceeding 12 months and then
      had their fitness assessed with a submaximal bicycle ergometer test. For the next
      9 weeks, the subjects kept records concerning their physical health (e.g.,
      ailments, doctor visits, medication usage), and at the end of that period they
      completed forms that measured psychologic symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety,
      alienation). Multiple regression analyses revealed that a high level of life
      stress during the preceding year was related to poorer subsequent physical health
      for subjects with a low level of fitness in particular. Life stress was found to
      have little impact on the subsequent physical health of fit subjects. Similar
      results were found for depression. These results indicate that fitness does
      moderate the stress-illness relationship and suggest that increasing fitness may
      be a way of diminishing the effects of unavoidable stress.

PMID- 4048364
TI  - Psychologic effects of cardiovascular conditioning: a controlled experiment.
AB  - Although there have been numerous studies documenting a relationship between
      physical fitness and psychologic functioning, few have employed the type of
      experimental design that would allow conclusions to be drawn regarding cause and
      effect. In the present study, college students were randomly assigned to a
      cardiovascular conditioning program or to a control program designed to give the
      appearance of physical training while minimizing cardiovascular benefits. Both
      groups were tested for cardiovascular fitness as well as on a number of self
      rating scales before and after the 6-week program. The cardiovascular group
      demonstrated a significantly greater improvement in cardiovascular fitness than
      the control group and also tended to show a greater reduction in anxiety and
      greater increase in measures of general psychologic well-being.

PMID- 4048365
TI  - Biofeedback as a treatment for postural hypotension.
AB  - Two patients with cervical spinal cord lesions were treated for postural
      hypotension using auditory and visual feedback for voluntary increases in blood
      pressure. Following initial measures of blood pressure, feedback was delivered
      for systolic increases above baseline. Within several weeks, both patients
      learned to increase their pressure markedly from the start of training sessions
      to their conclusion. The patients' legs were progressively lowered during and at
      the end of training sessions without significant blood pressure decreases. Long
      term follow-up indicated that they were able to maintain the learned increases in
      blood pressure despite adverse medical conditions. It is suggested that central
      nervous system damage disrupts homeostatic regulation, permitting greater
      voluntary control through biofeedback as a new feedback loop. Motivation is also
      considered an important variable for success.

PMID- 4048366
TI  - Parental hypertension, affect, and cardiovascular response to cognitive
      challenge.
AB  - This investigation examined the cardiovascular and affective reactions of
      offspring of hypertensive and normotensive parents on exposure of subjects to a
      frustrating cognitive task. Subjects were 44 normotensive, male undergraduate
      volunteers, 22 with and 22 without a parental history of hypertension. Heart rate
      (HR) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) measurements were
      recorded under resting (baseline) conditions and during subjects' performance of
      a 3-min mental arithmetic task. Subjects were also administered state forms of
      the State-Trait Anxiety and Anger Inventories following baseline measurements and
      immediately after the experimental task. Results indicated that relative to sons
      of normotensive parents, offspring of hypertensives showed significantly greater
      HR and DBP elevations during mental arithmetic. However, neither task performance
      nor task-related changes on the state measures of anxiety and anger varied
      reliably with differences in parental status. When subjects were divided into
      groups of high- and low-affect (i.e., anxiety, anger) responders, the HR
      reactions of persons having hypertensive and normotensive parents were found to
      differ significantly only among subjects who reported experiencing the most
      appreciable anxiety--and to a lesser extent, anger--when performing the mental
      arithmetic task. This finding suggests that persons at familial risk for
      hypertension possess a heightened cardiovascular response "potential" which is
      expressed, in part, in relation to concomitant affective experiences of the
      individual.

PMID- 4048367
TI  - Are words of the Rorschach predictors of disease and death? The case of
      "whirling".
AB  - The frequency with which the word whirling and similar words (whirlall words)
      were used in Rorschach tests administered to 1154 medical students 20 to 35 years
      ago has been counted by computer. Subjects (now for the most part physicians in
      midlife) were assigned to different groups according to their health status as of
      December 1982. When the proportion of subjects using whirlall words was compared
      across health groupings, those in the suicide and other deaths groups had used
      the largest proportions of such words. Subjects were then divided into dead and
      living groups, and those in the total dead group showed a threefold greater
      frequency of whirlall words than did those in the living group, a highly
      significant difference (p less than 0.001). Also, the mean number of Rorschach
      responses was significantly higher for the dead group as compared with the living
      group (p less than 0.05) and for the major cancer group as compared with the
      healthy group (p less than 0.01).

PMID- 4048368
TI  - Models of mental health training for primary care physicians.
AB  - Of the 15% of the population with DSM III diagnosable disorders, 54% are seen
      exclusively by their primary care physician or by other health professionals. To
      understand how primary care physicians are prepared for this task the authors
      attempted to develop a taxonomy of mental health training programs for primary
      care physicians by: review of the literature, interviews with program sponsors,
      review of NIMH training grants, and site visits to teaching programs. From this
      process six program types were defined: consultation, liaison, bridge, hybrid,
      autonomous, and postgraduate specialization. The characteristics and emphasis of
      these model types are described as well as program needs for future training.
      Competence in psychosomatic medicine, psychophysiologic reactions, and the
      interactions of biologic, psychologic, and social factors in health and disease
      can be imparted to primary care physicians by such mental health training program
      designs.

PMID- 4048369
TI  - Diagnostic criteria for aggressive conduct disorder.
AB  - The purpose was to develop operational criteria for the diagnosis of aggressive
      conduct disorder. The necessary symptoms were found in discriminant analyses of
      data from a series of boy patients. A formula based on 8 key symptoms succeeded
      in accurately diagnosing a series of girl patients.

PMID- 4048370
TI  - Quantification of 'regressive thinking' by use of the Rorschach test. Leading
      symptom of the borderline syndrome?
AB  - In this study we have attempted to objectify the diagnosis of the borderline
      syndrome by the use of formal Rorschach testing criteria. The randomly selected
      protocols of 140 subjects between the ages of 17 and 25 were subjected to cluster
      analysis of currently accepted scoring criteria for such phenomena as prevalence
      of primary process thinking and disturbance of reality testing. We were unable to
      demonstrate a cluster of scored responses supposedly typical for the borderline
      syndrome. Conversely, however, the protocols of patients clinically diagnosed as
      borderline did show some 'typical' Rorschach signs.

PMID- 4048371
TI  - Affective and behavioral features of DSM-III borderline personality disorder. Are
      they valid?
AB  - This study was designed to determine if a set of seven clinical features, closely
      reflecting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual III criteria, were individually and
      collectively more common in borderlines compared to patients with schizophrenia,
      affective disorders, and anxiety disorders. A 7-item borderline subscale was
      generated from the expanded Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and administered to
      1,762 psychiatric inpatients. Results indicated that scores on the total
      borderline scale were significantly higher in borderline patients compared to the
      control groups. Borderline patients manifested significantly more hostility,
      uncooperativeness, manipulativeness, impulsiveness, emotional lability, and
      antisocial trends compared to controls.

PMID- 4048372
TI  - Demography of psychiatric patients with borderline personality traits.
AB  - This study was designed to identify the intensity of borderline personality
      traits in a large sample of psychiatric inpatients (n = 4,800) and to determine
      the relationship between the borderline traits and a variety of demographic
      variables. Results indicated the intensity of borderline pathology increased in
      (1) students or the unemployed, (2) married and separated patients, (3) patients
      with a criminal record, (4) atheists, and (5) patients from a broken home. It
      lessened with increasing age of the patient. There was no relation between race
      or level of education and intensity of borderline traits. Findings are discussed
      in terms of previous empirical studies and the existent theoretical literature.

PMID- 4048373
TI  - Borderline and other mental disorders in alcoholic female psychiatric patients: a
      case control study.
AB  - A random sample of female, nonalcoholic psychiatric outpatients, day and
      inpatients from one catchment area (n = 65; C group), was compared with female
      psychiatric patients with a DSM-III alcohol disorder (n = 64; A group). On DSM
      III, axis, I, the frequency of additional symptom diagnoses, including
      depressions, was nearly equal. On axis II, the A group had an additional
      personality disorder significantly more often (81 vs. 46%), borderline
      personality disorder being the most frequent (66 vs. 11%). Among patients with
      depressive disorders, the differences between the A and the C group on axis II
      were the same. But alcoholic patients suffering from a major depressive disorder
      more frequently had a borderline personality disorder than other subgroups. The
      alcohol problems seem to be more related to ongoing personality problems than to
      episodic, symptomatic disorders. Female psychiatric patients with alcohol
      problems are diagnostically a heterogeneous group and should not be offered a
      uniform therapy.

PMID- 4048374
TI  - Use of psychotropics in patients with kidney failure.

PMID- 4048375
TI  - Sleep apnea: a review.

PMID- 4048376
TI  - Clinical laboratory data in psychiatric outpatients.

PMID- 4048377
TI  - A survey of psychotropic use in terminal cancer patients.

PMID- 4048378
TI  - Occupational health services for small workforces.

PMID- 4048379
TI  - Measles immunization--contra-indications as interpreted by health visitors and
      clinic nurses.

PMID- 4048380
TI  - The decline of ischemic heart disease mortality in Texas.

PMID- 4048381
TI  - Last ditch rehabilitation.

PMID- 4048382
TI  - Epidemiology and the planning of primary care.

PMID- 4048383
TI  - Menopausal hypertension in the Nigerian female: role of psycho-social stress.

PMID- 4048384
TI  - Information assessment by patients of a booklet on Crohn's disease.

PMID- 4048385
TI  - Variations between schools and regions in smoking prevalence among British
      schoolchildren--implications for health education.

PMID- 4048386
TI  - Streptococcus bovis bacteraemia requires rigorous exclusion of colonic neoplasia
      and endocarditis.
AB  - Twelve patients presented to the hospitals of the Auckland Hospital Board with
      bacteraemia caused by Streptococcus bovis in the years 1979-84. Ten had
      endocarditis, affecting homograft valves in two cases and the tricuspid valve in
      one case. Of nine patients who underwent investigation of the large bowel, only
      one did not have a colorectal tumour. Three had colonic adenocarcinoma and three
      had colorectal villous adenoma. Two, including a patient with acute hepatic
      failure from alcoholic cirrhosis, had colonic adenomata. Colonoscopy provided a
      tissue diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia despite negative radiological studies in
      three patients. Bacteraemia due to S. bovis should prompt rigorous investigation
      to exclude both endocarditis and tumours of the large bowel.

PMID- 4048387
TI  - Studies of incidence and prevalence of achalasia in the Nottingham area.
AB  - The incidence of achalasia in the Nottingham area between 1966 and 1983 has been
      examined using hospital diagnostic indices supplemented by personal endoscopy
      files. All patients were traced and the date of death recorded where relevant. A
      total of 53 cases was confirmed and the incidence was 0.51 cases/10(5)/year and
      the prevalence on 31 December 1983, was 8/10(5). The age-specific incidence of
      the disease increased in older groups. The duration of dysphagia before diagnosis
      was no less with greater availability of manometry and endoscopy.

PMID- 4048388
TI  - Central nervous system sarcoidosis.
AB  - The presenting features, clinical course and outcome of 19 patients with a
      diagnosis of CNS sarcoidosis are described. In two-thirds of the patients the
      initial features of sarcoidosis were neurological; half of them had an acute
      monophasic illness and half a chronic progressive or relapsing course. A
      favourable outcome was recorded unexpectedly during a study period of one to 16
      years for two-thirds of the patients. The course of the disease in four patients
      suggested multiple sclerosis thus emphasising the importance of considering the
      possibility of CNS sarcoidosis in patients with suspected demyelinating disease.

PMID- 4048389
TI  - Microscopic polyarteritis: presentation, pathology and prognosis.
AB  - We have described 34 patients with microscopic polyarteritis, all of whom had
      clinical evidence of a systemic small vessel vasculitis predominantly affecting
      the skin and musculoskeletal systems accompanied by a focal necrotising
      glomerulonephritis with renal impairment. Thirty three patients received
      immunosuppressive treatment, comprising prednisolone, azathioprine,
      cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange in various combinations. The five-year
      actuarial patient and kidney survival rates were 65 and 55 per cent respectively,
      suggesting that aggressive immunosuppressive therapy in these patients is
      beneficial.

PMID- 4048390
TI  - Pyogenic liver abscess in Crohn's disease.
AB  - We describe six cases of pyogenic liver abscess occurring among 1227 Crohn's
      disease patients admitted to The Mount Sinai Hospital from 1960 through 1982, and
      review the features of the seven similar cases that have been previously
      reported. Mechanisms of formation of liver abscess in these 13 patients included
      direct extension of intraabdominal abscess (three cases), propagation via the
      portal vein (eight cases), biliary complications (one case), or metastatic cancer
      (one case). Five of the 13 patients died. All five deaths occurred among the
      eight patients with multiple abscesses; all five patients with solitary abscess
      survived. The mean age of the patients who died was 56 years, versus 37 years for
      the survivors. Three of the four patients treated with antibiotics only died;
      only two of the nine patients who underwent some form of drainage succumbed.
      Mortality was usually attributable to failure in making the diagnosis, especially
      as liver function test abnormalities were often subtle. Furthermore, the
      generally nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms were often obscured by
      underlying bowel disease. If a high index of suspicion is maintained, CT scanning
      and ultrasonography should reveal the lesion at an early stage, so that the
      necessary drainage procedure can be carried out, with or without concomitant
      resection of affected bowel and drainage of intraabdominal abscess.

PMID- 4048391
TI  - Enhanced response of the Salmonella mutagenicity test to ionizing radiations.
AB  - Gamma-ray-induced reversions in the Ames Salmonella tester strain TA2638 have
      been studied for their dependence on a number of experimental parameters. It is
      shown that exposure to ionizing radiations soon after plating is not the
      procedure that yields results which correspond to those obtained in the standard
      utilization of the test with chemical mutagens. The ability to detect mutants is
      improved by irradiation 6 hr after the beginning of the incubation of the plated
      bacteria. This procedure has the double advantage of a markedly increased ratio
      of radiation-induced to spontaneous revertants and of resulting in substantial
      insensitivity to fluctuations in the number of bacteria initially plated. The
      reversion-doubling dose so obtained is 1.3 Gy; i.e., it is sufficiently small to
      disregard inactivation of the bacteria.

PMID- 4048392
TI  - A new effect of ionizing irradiation: anisotropic expansion of a peptide crystal.
AB  - Expansion of crystals resulting from X irradiation was studied in the case of a
      peptide, N-acetyl-D, L-alanine. This expansion was discovered by examining
      several irradiated organic solids for possible expansion, which was suggested by
      the recent observation of crystal imperfections in another peptide. The
      expansion, which occurred anisotropically along the c axis, was found to depend
      on dose, the maximum being as large as 20% when assisted by heat treatment.

PMID- 4048393
TI  - Analysis of cell survival after multiple fractions per day and low-dose-rate
      irradiation of two in vitro cultured rat tumor cell lines.
AB  - Two rat tumor cell lines which differ significantly in radiosensitivity, a
      rhabdomyosarcoma (R-1) and a ureter carcinoma (RUC-2), were treated with multiple
      fractions per day and low-dose-rate gamma radiation. The purpose of these
      experiments was to investigate (i) the influence of fraction size and
      interfraction interval on repair of sublethal damage (SD) and (ii) whether low
      dose-rate irradiation can be simulated by giving multiple fractions per day which
      might be applied in clinical treatments. In both cell lines, multiple doses were
      given at 1- to 4-hr intervals. SD repair was at a maximum in 2 hr but did not
      reach the theoretically expected level. For both cell lines, survival at higher
      total doses was different from that theoretically expected if repair of SD was
      assumed to be completed and at the maximum level. To account for the observation
      that less than complete repair of SD occurred, theoretical survival curves were
      calculated with the assumption of a constant but less than 100% level of SD
      repair. Experimental data correlated well with these calculated curves. There
      were only very small differences in survival after the different multiple
      fractions per day regimens. Survival after irradiation at a dose rate of 1.00
      Gy/hr was found to be similar to that after multiple fractions per day.

PMID- 4048394
TI  - Pentobarbital anesthesia and the response of tumor and normal tissue in the
      C3Hf/sed mouse to radiation.
AB  - Studies of the effect of pentobarbital anesthesia on the radiation response have
      been performed using early generation isotransplants of three spontaneous tumors
      of the C3H mouse: a mammary carcinoma (MCaIV), a fibrosarcoma (FSaII), and a
      squamous cell carcinoma (SCCVII). The enhancement ratio of pentobarbital [ER(PB)]
      for TCD50 as the end point was greater than or equal to 1 for all conditions
      tested. The ER(PB) for O2 3 ATA conditions and two equal doses was 1.46, 1.72,
      and 2.21 for MCaIV, FSaII, and SCCVII, respectively. The ER(PB) using MCaIV was
      the same for O2 and carbogen at 1 or 3 ATA. Also, tumor size of MCaIV did not
      significantly affect the ER(PB) for O2 3 ATA conditions. Further, with the two
      dose protocol the anesthesia and the hyperbaric oxygen needed to be used at the
      second dose; condition at the first dose was not critical. For fractionated
      irradiation of MCaIV (10 and 15 equal doses) the ER(PB) was smaller than for two
      dose treatment; also the effect was less for intratumor temperature of 35 degrees
      C than 26-27 degrees C. There was no effect of the anesthesia on the acute
      response of normal skin of the leg. Lung damage by hyperbaric oxygen was not an
      important factor in these results. Additionally, ERs were computed for O2 at 3
      ATA. This ER(O2 3 ATA) was larger for anesthesized than conscious mice. The ER(O2
      3 ATA) for MCaIV was high (greater than 1.5) even for radiation given in 10 or 15
      equal doses.

PMID- 4048395
TI  - Loss of repair capacity in density-inhibited cultures of C3H 10T1/2 cells during
      multifraction irradiation.
AB  - Multifraction survival curves for slowly cycling, density-inhibited C3H 10T1/2
      cells were shown previously to bend toward lower survival levels with increasing
      total dose, even for doses per fraction as small as about 2.0 Gy. In an attempt
      to explain this, we tested the capacity of cells to repair potentially lethal
      damage (PLD) as fractionation progressed. Plateau-phase cultures were exposed to
      repeated doses of 4.0 Gy of 137Cs gamma rays delivered at 12-hr intervals. After
      zero, three, five, and seven fractions, some cultures were put aside, incubated
      for 12 hr at 37 degrees C, irradiated with a single dose of 9.0 Gy, and
      subsequently returned to a 37 degrees C incubator. At 0, 2, 4, 6, and 12 hr after
      the 9.0 Gy dose, cultures were trypsinized and plated for a survival assay.
      Following three fractions of 4.0 Gy, cells were able to repair PLD as well as
      those receiving a single dose of 9.0 Gy without prior fractionation. Following
      five fractions, cells were less able to repair PLD, and after seven fractions,
      only a very small amount of PLD repair was detectable using this method of
      measurement.

PMID- 4048396
TI  - Caffeine sensitization of cultured mammalian cells and human lymphocytes
      irradiated with gamma rays and fast neutrons: a study of relative biological
      effectiveness in relation to cellular repair.
AB  - The sensitizing effects of caffeine were studied in baby hamster kidney (BHK-21)
      cells and human lymphocytes following irradiation with gamma rays and fast
      neutrons. Caffeine sensitization occurred only when log-phase BHK cells and
      mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes were exposed to the two radiations. Noncycling
      (confluent) cells of BHK resulted in a shouldered survival curve following gamma
      irradiation while a biphasic curve was obtained with the log-phase cells.
      Survival in the case of lymphocytes was estimated by measurement of [3H]thymidine
      uptake. Prestimulated lymphocytes exhibited a biphasic thymidine uptake curve
      while the postirradiation-stimulated lymphocytes resulted in an exponential
      curve. Fast neutrons reduced both shoulder and tail of survival curves
      representing resistant fractions of cell populations. Consequently, the relative
      biological effectiveness (RBE) of fast neutrons was found to be greater at
      survival levels corresponding to the resistant portions of the survival curves
      (shoulder or resistant tail). In both cell types, no reduction in RBE was
      observed when caffeine was present, because caffeine affected both gamma and
      neutron survival by the same proportion.

PMID- 4048397
TI  - Percutaneous lung biopsy in the investigation of intrathoracic lesions.

PMID- 4048398
TI  - A simple method of attaching DSA filters to the collimator when using LU-A
      systems.

PMID- 4048399
TI  - 24th Welbeck memorial lecture. A change in the weather. The nuclear winter
      predictions--their scientific basis and policy implications.

PMID- 4048400
TI  - Equipment for digital angiography.

PMID- 4048401
TI  - Clinical applications of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and the
      radiographer's role.

PMID- 4048402
TI  - Computed tomography of the pancreas.

PMID- 4048403
TI  - Comparison of radiographic techniques of treatment alignment in radiotherapy.
AB  - The work described in this paper arose from requests from therapeutic
      radiographers and radiotherapists to improve radiographic images. Whilst the
      content is primarily aimed at this group, diagnostic radiographers may find it of
      some value, particularly the background problems of using a radiotherapy beam to
      produce a radiographic image.

PMID- 4048405
TI  - Forensic radiography: guidelines from the College for radiographers requested to
      carry out this examination.

PMID- 4048404
TI  - Gasserian ganglionolysis: a treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.

PMID- 4048406
TI  - Computers in schools of radiography and radiotherapy: present problems and future
      possibilities.

PMID- 4048408
TI  - Collaboration in applied research.

PMID- 4048407
TI  - A look at student learning strategies.

PMID- 4048409
TI  - Film-screen digital radiography.
AB  - The anticipated benefits of digitized projection radiographic data to medical
      imaging has generated much interest and activity. Numerous methods for capturing
      the radiographic image data prior to digitization are being evaluated. In this
      paper the excellent performance of the film-screen system as a receptor for
      projection radiographic data is discussed. An experimental system for obtaining
      high quality digital radiographic data by laser scanning radiographic films is
      described. This system is being used to evaluate the clinical utility of various
      digital image processing algorithms. Future plans include an investigation of
      quantitative analysis of projection radiographic data. Digital data obtained by
      film scanning can be used with digital image archiving and communications
      systems.

PMID- 4048410
TI  - Ultrasound--what do we need to know?

PMID- 4048411
TI  - The reproducibility of large lead protected radiotherapy fields to the abdomen
      and pelvis.
AB  - A series of patients treated with large, lead protected, abdomino-pelvic fields
      have been investigated, to identify field placement errors. Two hundred and forty
      three machine verification films were performed on a total of 33 patients, and
      the films analysed. Important errors were detected resulting from field rotation,
      lateral shift and field width variations. Suggestions are made as to how these
      errors may be minimised in the future.

PMID- 4048412
TI  - Some practical aspects of peak kilovoltage measurements.

PMID- 4048413
TI  - Special care baby unit.

PMID- 4048414
TI  - Radiography of the neonatal chest.

PMID- 4048415
TI  - Radiography in a modern spinal treatment centre.

PMID- 4048416
TI  - Design of a hardboard phantom used to check the consistency and accuracy of a
      radiographic automatic exposure device.

PMID- 4048417
TI  - Aspects of computer technology in departmental administration.

PMID- 4048418
TI  - Computed tomography of the adrenal glands.

PMID- 4048420
TI  - [Outlook for developments in diagnostic radiology].

PMID- 4048419
TI  - Natural head posture in cephalometric radiography.

PMID- 4048421
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of the benefit of x-ray diagnostic studies using indices of
      diagnostic value, therapeutic value and reliability].

PMID- 4048422
TI  - [Diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis].

PMID- 4048423
TI  - [Goodpasture's syndrome--confirmation of diagnosis and value of lung x-ray
      findings].

PMID- 4048424
TI  - [Diagnosis of pulmonary cysts].

PMID- 4048425
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis in strip myectomy of the esophagus].

PMID- 4048426
TI  - [Significance of anomalies and variants of the extrahepatic bile ducts and the
      pancreatic ducts for therapeutic interventions on the papilla].

PMID- 4048427
TI  - [Combined nuclear medicine studies of hemodynamics and myocardial perfusion with
      99mTc-microspheres in coronary angiography].

PMID- 4048428
TI  - [Thallium-291 myocardial scintigraphy as a possible method for specialized
      noninvasive diagnosis in the assessment of myocardial functional capacity].

PMID- 4048429
TI  - [Determination of right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) with 133Xenon in
      children with heart diseases using the single probe method].

PMID- 4048430
TI  - [Ventilation and perfusion scintigraphy in chronic obstructive lung diseases].

PMID- 4048431
TI  - [Combination ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy of the lungs in children with
      bronchopulmonary diseases].

PMID- 4048432
TI  - [The flywheel x-ray generator. A new solution for the generation of high-energy x
      rays practically independent of the network supply].

PMID- 4048433
TI  - Expanding spectrum of pulmonary disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria.
AB  - The clinical and radiographic features of 35 patients with nontuberculous
      mycobacterial (NTMB) pulmonary infections were reviewed. Radiographs of half the
      patients showed the pattern of cavitary upper-lobe infiltrates typical of
      reactivation tuberculosis; those of the other half had a radiographic pattern
      characterized by patchy, nodular infiltrates without an upper-lobe prevalence.
      Approximately half of the latter group showed multiple small cavities resembling
      those seen in bronchiectasis. These results suggest that studies in which the
      diagnosis of NTMB infection has been made primarily from sputum cultures may have
      been biased toward detecting cavitary disease. The spectrum of pulmonary disease
      caused by NTMB appears to be larger than previously appreciated. An enhanced
      awareness of alternate presentations of NTMB infections may result in earlier
      diagnosis.

PMID- 4048434
TI  - Traumatic scapulothoracic dissociation.
AB  - Scapulothoracic dissociation represents a closed traumatic forequarter amputation
      associated with major neurovascular injury. Radiographic findings consist of
      lateral displacement of the scapula on a well-centered plain film of the chest.
      Associated abnormalities include disruption of the acromioclavicular joint or, as
      in our two cases, distracted fractures of the clavicle. Persons in whom
      scalpulothoracic dissociation is diagnosed should undergo emergency angiography
      and surgery.

PMID- 4048435
TI  - Intestinal anisakiasis: clinical and radiologic features.
AB  - We report the clinical and radiologic features of 12 patients with acute
      intestinal anisakiasis. Diagnosis of anisakiasis was made immunologically by
      positive antibody to Anisakis larvae and a recent history of raw fish intake.
      Severe abdominal pain was a major symptom in these patients-half experienced
      fluid levels indicating ileus on plain x-ray films of the abdomen. Radiologic
      findings included irregular thickening of the jejunum, ileum, or colon, with
      mucosal edema and luminal narrowing with dilatation of the proximal intestine. In
      two cases a thread-like filling defect suggesting a worm was visualized on the x
      ray film. These findings were interpreted as anisakiasis. Although ileus
      developed in some patients, all were treated and cured completely without
      surgery.

PMID- 4048436
TI  - Crohn disease in the elderly.
AB  - During the past 2 years, we have encountered 14 patients whose onset of clinical
      symptoms of Crohn disease occurred after the age of 50, accounting for 14% of all
      Crohn disease patients studied in our department during this period. Most
      patients presented with diarrhea, abdominal pain, or perianal disease, and many
      also had anemia or rectal bleeding. The disease occurred slightly more often in
      the colon (n = 10), although many patients had terminal ileal disease (n = 7).
      The radiographic appearance was similar to that of Crohn disease in younger
      patients, with ulceration, fistula, and stricture formation. Occasionally, the
      disease mimics neoplasia or diverticulitis. Extraintestinal complications were
      also evident, with one patient each with renal calculi and ankylosing
      spondylitis. The occurrence of Crohn disease in the elderly is not uncommon, and
      a prompt diagnosis is important so that proper therapy can be initiated.

PMID- 4048437
TI  - Postoperative hysterosalpingogram: radiographic-surgical correlation.
AB  - The hysterosalpingograms of 46 patients who underwent previous uterine or tubal
      surgery were reviewed. Surgical procedures performed included cesarean section,
      myomectomy, uterine septal repair, tubal reimplantation and reanastomosis, and
      fimbrioplasty/cuff salpingostomy. The procedures and their resulting
      hysterosalpingographic appearances are discussed.

PMID- 4048438
TI  - Percutaneous angioscopy. Work in progress.
AB  - The cardiovascular applications of flexible fiber-optic technology are imminent
      because of recent advances in miniaturization. In the work described here,
      angioscopy, or vascular endoscopy, was performed in the cadaveric aorta and in
      the systemic and pulmonary circulations of the canine model and selected human
      patients. Subsequent to our development of percutaneous techniques, clinical
      trials have ranged from lower-extremity venoscopy to aortic-root arterioscopy.
      Angioscopy could be clinically useful because of relative or absolute
      contraindications to iodinated contrast material. The ability to see in color and
      three dimensions may afford some other advantages to angioscopy over conventional
      angiography.

PMID- 4048439
TI  - Endovascular stent for use in aortic dissection: an in vitro experiment.
AB  - Injection of normal saline and contrast material into the walls of aortic
      specimens from human cadavers created a narrowing of the aortic lumen, simulating
      aortic dissection. Endovascular stents were applied to expand the aortic lumen.
      Successful dilatation of the narrowed aortic lumen was demonstrated in all six
      specimens.

PMID- 4048440
TI  - Congenital anorectal anomaly: CT evaluation.
AB  - Anorectal anomalies were evaluated by computed tomography (CT) scanning in 23
      patients. CT scans showed clearly the anatomy of the anal sphincter muscles in
      relation to the intestine and the amount of muscle mass present. These findings
      correlated well with the results of direct visualization and electromyograms in
      patients who underwent surgery. The information revealed by CT scans is
      considered important in preoperative planning for surgical repair and in
      predicting a patient's prognosis. In cases of postoperative incontinence, CT
      scans demonstrated the location of the pulled-through intestine, including
      whether it had been correctly placed in the levator sling. Where the intestine
      was outside the levator sling, CT scans could be used in considerations of
      further surgery.

PMID- 4048441
TI  - MR imaging of calcified intracranial lesions.
AB  - Fifty calcified intracranial lesions diagnosed with computed tomography (CT) were
      evaluated with magnetic resonance (MR) using a spin-echo sequence. MR images
      demonstrated 41 of 50 lesions seen as calcified on CT scans, among them 29 of 30
      cerebral neoplasms and all ten arteriovenous malformations. The presence of
      calcification was suspected prospectively in about 60% of calcified lesions but
      was also suspected in 45% of uncalcified lesions (reviewed as control cases). No
      fine calcifications and only 25% of punctate calcifications were disclosed on MR
      images. In the nine lesions undetected by MR, calcification was the only abnormal
      CT finding. The findings of calcification on MR images were nonspecific, ranging
      from signal void or signal dampening on all sequences to no alteration of signal
      intensity. The most common finding of calcification was a focus of signal
      diminution, rather than signal void, as commonly reported.

PMID- 4048442
TI  - Jugular venous thrombosis: MR imaging.
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of jugular venous thrombosis was investigated in
      three patients who had symptoms suggestive of this condition; the diagnosis was
      later confirmed by computed tomography, by venography, and clinically. Bright
      intraluminal signal intensity was seen throughout the course of the affected
      jugular vein on MR images in all three patients, in sharp contrast to the lack of
      signal from the corresponding site in the uninvolved venous system. Temporal
      changes in signal intensity from the acute to subacute stage of thrombosis were
      evaluated for one patient. A relative increase in signal intensity for the
      subacute phase was believed to be related to a decrease in the T1 relaxation
      time. MR may be the imaging modality of choice in the investigation of venous
      thrombosis.

PMID- 4048443
TI  - Supratentorial ependymoma: CT appearance.
AB  - The computed tomographic appearances of 22 biopsy-proved supratentorial
      ependymomas were analyzed. Supratentorial ependymomas were usually
      intraparenchymal, larger than 4 cm, and cystic. Contrast enhancement was moderate
      to intense, with homogeneous or ring-enhancement patterns commonly seen.
      Intratumoral calcification was present in one-third of the cases, while
      hydrocephalus and peritumoral edema were seen in 50%. Intratumoral hemorrhage was
      not a characteristic of the lesion. In contrast to cellular ependymomas,
      malignant ependymomas and ependymoblastomas demonstrate higher attenuation prior
      to administration of contrast material, more intense enhancement, lower frequency
      of calcification within the tumor, and less distinct margination.

PMID- 4048444
TI  - MR cisternography and myelography with Gd-DTPA in monkeys.
AB  - To enhance the contrast between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain, spinal cord,
      and surrounding meninges and bone on magnetic resonance (MR) images, as well as
      to study CSF flow, gadolinium-DTPA was injected in the subarachnoid space of
      eight monkeys. Six doses of progressively higher concentrations (from .125 mmol
      to 250 mmol) were injected every 30-40 minutes. Images of head and spine were
      obtained at .26 T or .5 T in sagittal and axial planes, using both spin-echo and
      inversion-recovery sequences in 13 imaging experiments. Marked, consistent
      changes of signal intensity in the CSF cavities were observed following the
      injections. These changes were dose related and occurred at different times in
      the areas close to the injection site versus those distant, a disparity that
      obviously was related to CSF flow. Gd-DTPA cisternography and myelography may be
      valuable in MR imaging of central nervous system disease, such as tumors adjacent
      to the CSF cavities, abnormal CSF collections (e.g., arachnoidal cysts), CSF
      rhinorrhea and otorrhea, syringohydromyelia, and studies of hydrocephalus and CSF
      flow dynamics.

PMID- 4048445
TI  - CT myelography for outpatients. An inpatient/outpatient pilot study to assess
      methodology.
AB  - The diagnostic usefulness, limitations, and adverse reactions associated with
      computed tomographic myelography using metrizamide were assessed for broad
      outpatient application. The initial approach was to examine inpatients (n = 38)
      with low-dose metrizamide (100 mgI/ml). This low dose was believed less likely to
      be associated with side effects. They were then treated as if they were
      outpatients, with the liberties this entailed. The consequences of needle
      puncture were minimized by using a 25-gauge disposable needle. Thirty-four (89%)
      patients remained free of side effects after the procedure. Subsequently, this
      technique was extended to 42 outpatients, 38 (90.5%) of whom remained
      asymptomatic. For comparison, 170 mgI/ml was used in another 25 outpatients, who
      evidenced more symptoms. The potential medical, economic, and therapeutic
      benefits of obviating hospitalization by safer outpatient CT myelography seem
      clear.

PMID- 4048446
TI  - Outpatient lumbar myelography. Initial results in 79 examinations using a low
      dose metrizamide technique.
AB  - Seventy-nine patients underwent lumbar myelography on an outpatient basis, with a
      low (3.75 g) dose of metrizamide as the radiocontrast agent and a 25-gauge spinal
      needle used for lumbar puncture. No patient experienced significant neurotoxicity
      following the examination; 70.8% (56 of 79) experienced minimal (23%) or no (48%)
      side effects. Three patients (3.8%) were admitted to the hospital for management
      of common side effects (headache, nausea/vomiting, back pain). We obtained
      postmyelographic computed tomographic scans on 96% (76 of 79) of the patients.
      Our initial results suggest that outpatient lumbar myelography is safe and can be
      performed with a very acceptable incidence of side effects.

PMID- 4048447
TI  - Parenchymal cysts of the lower neck.
AB  - We report on the appearance of parathyroid, thyroid, and cervical thymic cysts on
      computed tomography (CT) scans. The differential diagnostic considerations
      include thyroglossal and branchial cleft cysts, cystic hygromas, primary and
      metastatic tumors, dermoids, teratomas, choristomas, tracheoesophageal and
      cervical bronchogenic cysts, as well as cystic neuromas, abscesses, and lipomas.
      Most cannot be differentiated using CT alone and require clinical observations,
      laboratory testing, and surgical and histologic findings for definitive
      diagnosis. Our experience with these rare lesions is reported, and the
      differential diagnoses are discussed.

PMID- 4048448
TI  - Internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint evaluated with direct
      sagittal CT: a prospective study.
AB  - Direct sagittal computed tomography (CT) was performed in 454 patients thought to
      have internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Of 905 joints
      examined, 71 were subsequently studied using arthrography and/or surgery.
      Sensitivity was 91.8%, accuracy 87.3%, and the positive predictive value 93.3%.
      Degenerative joint disease was detected in 33.6% of joints with anterior meniscal
      displacement but no reduction, 15.3% of those with displacement and reduction,
      and 5.0% of those with no identifiable meniscal abnormality. It is concluded that
      direct sagittal CT is a sensitive and effective method of detecting and
      characterizing displacement of the TMJ meniscus as well as underlying
      degenerative joint disease.

PMID- 4048449
TI  - Infection and tumor of the masticator space: CT evaluation.
AB  - The masticator space is a distinct deep facial space, bounded by the superficial
      layer of deep cervical fascia and containing the four muscles of mastication and
      the ramus and posterior body of the mandible. Trismus often complicates
      evaluation of masticator space disease. However, computed tomography (CT) clearly
      delineates the normal and pathologic anatomy of this region. The CT appearance of
      the masticator space was demonstrated in a retrospective review of 32 patients
      with either infection or tumor involving this space. Masticator space infections
      were found to have characteristic CT appearances and patterns of spread. CT was
      especially useful in differentiating inflammation from frank abscess, detecting
      mandibular osteomyelitis, and directing surgical drainage to the precise deep
      tissue space involved. In cases of tumor, the primary utility of CT was in
      defining tumor extent accurately and in helping to assess resectability and
      determine radiation therapy ports.

PMID- 4048450
TI  - Surface coil MR imaging of abdominal viscera. Part I. Theory, technique, and
      initial results.
AB  - Prototype surface coil magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained from phantoms
      and 42 subjects at 0.6 T to assess the feasibility of imaging relatively deep
      abdominal structures. Surface coil images demonstrated a two- to fourfold
      improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when compared with whole-body coil
      images with the same resolution elements. This improvement in SNR allowed us to
      obtain images with thinner sections, higher in-plane resolution, or,
      alternatively, a decrease in image time. Compared with body images, surface coil
      images demonstrated greater anatomic detail and reduction in motion artifacts.
      Despite the limited field of view in very large patients, the use of surface
      coils improves the diagnostic capability of MR imaging of the abdomen.

PMID- 4048451
TI  - Surface coil MR imaging of abdominal viscera. Part II. The adrenal glands.
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the adrenal glands with a prototype surface
      coil was compared with conventional body coil images in five healthy volunteers
      and 15 patients with adrenal disease. The spectrum of abnormalities included five
      nonfunctioning cortical adenomas, of which two were in hyperplastic glands, four
      adrenal metastases, three pheochromocytomas, a functioning adenoma, a
      myelolipoma, and a partially calcified, cystic adrenal mass. In both body and
      surface coil images, anatomic detail was superior on T1-weighted images compared
      with T2-weighted images obtained with identical imaging time because of decreased
      motion artifact and superior contrast. In the T1-weighted studies, high
      resolution surface coil images showed a threefold improvement in signal-to-noise
      ratio (SNR) over body coil images, which was manifest by better intrinsic
      resolution of small adrenal lesions and clearer definition of the extrinsic
      relationships of large masses to nearby organs. In addition, inferior vena caval
      invasion by two right adrenal metastases was better demonstrated using the
      surface coil than body coil MR or computed tomography (CT). Limitations of
      surface coil imaging include restriction in the field of view to a single gland
      and additional time required for patient positioning. Since the sensitivity of
      surface coils diminishes with depth, gains in SNR were limited in large patients
      with deeper adrenal glands. Despite these limitations, dramatic improvements in
      SNR and anatomic resolution indicate that surface coil MR imaging will be
      competitive with CT for examining the adrenal glands.

PMID- 4048452
TI  - Surface coil MR imaging of abdominal viscera. Part III. The pancreas.
AB  - Eight healthy volunteers and 11 patients with pancreatic abnormalities were
      studied using a conventional body coil and a prototype magnetic resonance (MR)
      surface coil. Final pathologic diagnoses included carcinoma of the head (six),
      body (one), and tail of the pancreas (two) and chronic pancreatitis (two). In
      surface coil images of the volunteers, the body and tail of the pancreas was
      visualized in all cases but one, and the pancreatic duct was seen in five of
      eight cases. In-plane spatial resolution of 0.9 X 0.9 mm and 5-mm section
      thickness was obtained. At the same time, pancreatic surface coil images had a
      twofold improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared with body coil
      images. T1-weighted spin-echo images gave greater SNR, reduced motion artifacts,
      provided superior anatomic detail, and offered more diagnostic information than
      comparable T2-weighted images. Significant abnormalities detected only by surface
      coil imaging included a small tumor surrounded by reactive edema and
      periglandular tumor invasion. This study demonstrates that surface coil imaging
      of the pancreas not only is feasible but provides an improved method for
      examining the pancreas by MR.

PMID- 4048453
TI  - MR imaging using specialized coils.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of specialized
      coils with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and to determine the potential
      improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) provided by the various coils. A
      total of 48 patients were studied-33 with surface coils and 15 with limb coils.
      MR imaging was performed with a superconducting magnet operating at 0.35 T. Two
      applications of surface coils were evaluated; one used for both transmitting and
      receiving and the other used only for receiving. Structures studied with the
      surface coils included the orbit, carotid artery, cervical and lumbar spine,
      parotid and thyroid glands, other neck structures, femoral artery, kidney,
      prostate, hip, and heart. The regions studied with the limb coil were the ankle,
      knee, wrist, elbow and popliteal artery. We calculated the SNR, and the results
      demonstrated a marked improvement with the specialized coils: a twofold increase
      for the 10-cm surface coil versus the head coil and a 4.6-fold increase compared
      with the body coil, a 2.3-fold increase for the 20-cm surface coil compared with
      the body coil, and 2.8- and 6.4-fold increases for the limb coil versus the head
      coil and the body coil, respectively. The use of specialized coils was feasible
      in the clinical setting and they provided a marked improvement in the image SNR,
      which facilitated the imaging of small and superficial structures.

PMID- 4048454
TI  - Improved surface coil imaging in MR: decoupling of the excitation and receiver
      coils.
AB  - We obtained magnetic resonance images with good sensitivity and radio frequency
      (RF) uniformity using separate transmitter and receiver coils. The excitation,
      namely, the rotation of the magnetization vector into a plane perpendicular to
      the magnetic field, was done by applying a homogeneous RF magnetic field produced
      by a large saddle-shaped coil. Surface coils were used for detection only.
      Because two coils that operated on the same resonance frequency were used, a
      coupling problem developed. This problem, which involved inhomogeneity of the RF
      magnetic field caused by the large current induced in the surface coil during
      excitation, could only be solved by minimizing the mutual inductance or
      maximizing the impedance of the surface coil resonance circuit during excitation.
      We were able to solve this problem using an electronic detuning method.

PMID- 4048455
TI  - Gallbladder bile in cholecystitis: in vitro MR evaluation.
AB  - Fifty-three samples of gallbladder bile were obtained at the time of
      cholecystectomy from patients with the clinical diagnosis of acute or chronic
      cholecystitis. Five bile samples from patients with clinically normal
      gallbladders also were obtained. Proton magnetic resonance (MR) relaxation times,
      protein content, and water content were determined for the bile samples, and the
      data were grouped according to pathologic diagnosis, which disclosed 11 cases of
      acute cholecystitis, 41 cases of chronic cholecystitis, and six normal
      gallbladders. There was no significant difference in the mean T1 and T2 values
      between the groups with acute and chronic cholecystitis. Patients with chronic
      cholecystitis were found to have more concentrated bile than those with acute
      cholecystitis. Protein content varied widely within both groups of patients. We
      conclude that T1 and T2 relaxation times do not reliably differentiate acute from
      chronic cholecystitis.

PMID- 4048456
TI  - Pulse sequence optimization for MR imaging using a paramagnetic hepatobiliary
      contrast agent.
AB  - Paramagnetic agents enhance contrast between tissues in magnetic resonance (MR)
      imaging by altering tissue relaxation times. The effect of these changes on MR
      image intensity depends in part on the choice of operator-controlled pulse
      sequence parameters. With the newly described paramagnetic hepatobiliary contrast
      agent, iron(III) ethylenebis-(2-hydroxyphenylglycine), Fe(EHPG)-, an in vivo
      experimental analysis of pulse sequence optimization was performed on the rat. We
      compared the enhancement of the liver divided by background noise, EL/N, of
      standard inversion-recovery (IR) and spin-echo (SE) T1-weighted pulse sequences
      and several pulse sequences theoretically predicted to have improved EL/N.
      Optimization of the echo time (TE = TEmin) gave a substantial (greater than 60%)
      increase in EL/N over the standard IR and SE pulse sequences. Images obtained
      with optimized repetition rate and inversion time gave only a slight additional
      improvement. Within the uncertainties of our relaxation measurements, the
      measured changes in EL/N with pulse sequence optimization corresponded well with
      theoretical predictions. With the experimental and theoretical data, the
      importance of using a short echo time to obtain maximal T1 contrast in contrast
      enhanced MR imaging and the relative merits of optimized SE versus IR pulse
      sequences for contrast-enhanced MR imaging are discussed.

PMID- 4048457
TI  - Urinary bladder MR imaging. Part I. Normal and benign conditions.
AB  - The normal urinary bladder and several benign entities of the bladder were
      examined in 50 patients by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Specific features
      assessed included appearance of the bladder wall, optimal repetition (TR) and
      echo delay (TE) parameters for bladder-wall demonstration, and differentiation
      among various benign abnormalities, including bladder-wall hypertrophy,
      inflammation, and mucosal congestion, on MR images. The bladder wall in the 30
      healthy subjects was best displayed using a TR = 2 sec, TE = 56 msec image, which
      gave 60% contrast between the bladder wall and urine and 48% contrast between the
      bladder wall and fat. Demonstration of bladder-wall hypertrophy required similar
      imaging; bladder distention was necessary to demonstrate the thickness of the
      bladder wall. Congestion and inflammation were best demonstrated on TR = 2 sec,
      TE = 56 msec images, which gave 45% contrast. Normal and/or hypertrophic bladder
      wall were distinguished from inflammation and congestion on the basis of signal
      intensity variations and/or T1 and T2 relaxation parameters.

PMID- 4048458
TI  - Urinary bladder MR imaging. Part II. Neoplasm.
AB  - The potential of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the evaluation and staging
      of bladder tumors was analyzed in 15 patients (11 cases of transitional cell
      carcinoma, two adenocarcinomas, one leiomyosarcoma, and one leiomyoma). Neoplasms
      were characterized by size, site, and growth pattern, and the accuracy of the
      staging was compared with the results of computed tomography and pathologic
      study. Malignancies were accurately detected and staged by MR imaging in 12 of 14
      patients (85%). Tumor site and degree of bladder distention did not adversely
      affect detection; tumors greater than 1.5 cm were detected easily. In situ
      carcinoma (stage Tis) was not detected on MR images. Imaging in both sagittal and
      transverse planes was needed for optimal bladder evaluation. Bladder carcinoma
      was best displayed with a short echo delay time (TE) of 28 msec and repetition
      (TR) times of 1.0-2.0 sec: TR = 1.0 gave 34% contrast and TR = 2.0 gave 36%
      contrast between tumor and surrounding urine. Bladder-wall invasion by tumor was
      best evaluated with long TR (2.0 sec) and long TE (56 msec) (82% contrast). For
      assessing tumor extension into perivesical fat, short TR (0.5 sec) and TE (28
      msec) were optimal (58% contrast). MR imaging offers an increased sensitivity for
      tumor detection and promises to greatly improve the staging of bladder neoplasms.

PMID- 4048459
TI  - Lipomatous tumors and tumors with fatty component: MR imaging potential and
      comparison of MR and CT results.
AB  - This retrospective study was performed to assess the potential of magnetic
      resonance (MR) imaging for demonstrating various types of lipomatous tumors and
      tumors with fatty component and to compare the results of MR with those of
      computed tomography (CT). MR examinations of 17 patients with 18 lipomatous
      tumors (16, benign; two, liposarcoma) and two patients with fibrosarcomas were
      reviewed; CT scans were available for comparison in all patients. In the 16
      benign lesions (12 benign lipomas, two ovarian dermoid cysts, and two renal
      angiomyolipomas), the fatty component of the tumors was readily demonstrated by
      both MR and CT. The T1 and T2 relaxation times and spin density of benign
      lipomatous tumors were in a range similar to those of normal subcutaneous fat.
      Differentiation between lipomas and liposarcomas was achieved with both MR and
      CT. On MR images using a short repetition time (TR = .5 sec), liposarcomas (long
      T1) were imaged with a lower MR intensity than lipomas (short T1).

PMID- 4048460
TI  - Superior vena caval obstruction: detection using CT.
AB  - A review of 210 chest computed tomographic (CT) examinations demonstrating upper
      chest masses revealed 16 cases of superior vena caval obstruction (SVCO); 11 of
      these were clinically occult. Two of the occult cases subsequently became
      clinically evident. Contrast-enhanced chest CT permits the diagnosis of
      clinically occult SVCO and should be considered in patients with upper chest
      masses, even in the absence of any physical signs of SVCO.

PMID- 4048461
TI  - Relapsing polychondritis studied by computed tomography.
AB  - Computed tomographic findings in a patient with relapsing polychondritis are
      described. Collapse of the cartilage of the nose and calcification in cartilages
      of the ears were clearly demonstrated. CT scanning was also helpful in evaluating
      the tracheobronchial tree for airway compromise, which could prove fatal in this
      condition.

PMID- 4048462
TI  - Congenitally corrected transposition in the adult: detection by radionuclide
      angiocardiography.
AB  - Congenitally corrected transposition (CCT) of the great vessels is an uncommon
      anomaly usually detected in children because of associated severe cardiac
      malformations. When these are absent, patients may be hemodynamically normal, but
      associated cardiac abnormalities are usually present in CCT, leading to symptoms
      in adulthood. When CCT is suggested in an adult, diagnosis by means of ultrasound
      may be difficult. Radionuclide angiocardiography (RA) is a simple, noninvasive
      method by which to diagnose CCT. We found consistent morphologic scintigraphic
      results in 13 patients with proved CCT, leading to establishment of reliable
      diagnostic criteria. In all instances of situs solitus the aorta ascends and
      descends on the left with vertical orientation. In the case of situs inversus,
      the aorta ascends and descends on the right with vertical orientation. Our
      criteria are independent of the situs and cardiac position, unlike earlier
      reports by others. We believe images obtained in the anterior projection are
      sufficient for the study. The practical application of RA study in patient
      diagnosis is demonstrated, giving special attention to patients referred because
      of situs solitus and dextrocardia, in which CCT is known to be present in 50% of
      cases.

PMID- 4048463
TI  - Dynamic CT using an arterial bolus.
AB  - Arterial bolus dynamic computed tomography (ABDCT) was performed on 52 patients
      presenting with intracranial and intraspinal disorders. Rapid sequential ABDCT
      scans were obtained during selective intraarterial injection of a small bolus of
      contrast material following conventional angiography. By this method, the local
      intravascular iodine level was maximized, allowing for improved contrast
      resolution of central nervous system lesions. Thirty-eight patients had a known
      diagnosis. In 35 of these, ABDCT was helpful in delineating tumor margins at the
      base of the skull and demonstrating tumor or arteriovenous malformation
      vascularity. In 14 patients, the diagnosis was obscure using conventional
      computed tomography. In eight of these, ABDCT suggested a distinction between
      infarct, neoplasm, and inflammatory process. In the remaining six, ABDCT was
      noncontributory.

PMID- 4048464
TI  - Comparison of two effervescent agents for double-contrast upper gastrointestinal
      tract radiography.
AB  - We prospectively evaluated the efficacy in 100 patients of two effervescent
      contrast agents commonly used in routine double-contrast upper gastrointestinal
      (GI) tract examinations: Baros and E-Z-Gas II granules. The study was double
      blinded. Two radiologists, who were not aware of which effervescent agent was
      being used, objectively evaluated the radiographic studies. Patient ease in
      swallowing and acceptance of the effervescent granules was 94% for Baros and 68%
      for E-Z-Gas II granules. The objective evaluation of the radiographs showed
      adequate gastric distension (Baros, 94%; E-Z-Gas II, 90%) and adequate to
      excellent mucosal coating for both agents (Baros, 92%, E-Z-Gas II, 94%). Areae
      gastricae were better seen with Baros (64% vs. 30%), and air bubbles were less of
      a problem with Baros. We conclude that Baros effervescent granules have certain
      distinct advantages over E-Z-Gas II granules regarding patient tolerance and
      acceptance, better visualization of the areae gastricae, and less degradation of
      the quality of the radiographs by air bubbles. The differences in mucosal
      coatings for the two agents was insignificant.

PMID- 4048465
TI  - Flow artifacts in double-contrast esophagography.
AB  - Artifacts related to barium flow during double-contrast esophagography may
      obscure mucosal surface details. Double-contrast esophagograms with flow
      artifacts of 35 patients were evaluated to determine the effect on radiographic
      interpretation and to assess the method of examination. Initial radiographs
      obtained during swallowing of barium were compared with those obtained after a
      slight delay while patients repeatedly dry swallowed. When severe surface flow
      artifacts were present, the extent of mucosal disease was underestimated in all
      cases. Mild surface flow artifacts interfered with the demonstration of the
      reticular pattern of Barrett esophagus, and luminal flow artifacts caused
      misinterpretation. The demonstration of strictures was unaffected by flow
      artifacts. This study suggests that the dry swallowing maneuver and some delay
      improve depiction of esophageal surface details on double-contrast radiographs
      and obviate interpretive error from barium flow artifacts.

PMID- 4048466
TI  - Spring hookwire breast lesion localizer: use with rigid-compression mammographic
      systems.
AB  - Modifications have been made in the spring hookwire system to facilitate accurate
      three-dimensional placement and to aid surgeons in gauging the location of the
      hook with respect to a breast lesion. Difficulties in placement of the needle
      created by rigid compression systems can be overcome by using a combination of a
      fenestrated compression plate and a spot-compression device.

PMID- 4048467
TI  - Mammography phototimer technique chart.
AB  - A phototimer technique chart for mammography is presented along with the
      methodology used to design it. The chart is based on accurate measurement of
      breast thickness and helps overcome the inability of the phototimer to track as
      breast thickness varies. In clinical practice, the chart results in the
      consistent attainment of optimally exposed films and decreased number of retakes.

PMID- 4048468
TI  - Spiral exchange cannula for the occluded drainage catheter.
AB  - A technique for exchange of occluded drainage catheters or placement of two guide
      wires into a target using a spiral exchange cannula is described. A spiral
      exchange cannula with a preloaded sheath and threads at the distal end is
      "screwed" into the drainage catheter, and the sheath is advanced over the
      catheter. This method prevents dislodgment of the drainage catheter and also
      permits easy catheter exchange when the lumen of the drainage catheter is
      occluded.

PMID- 4048469
TI  - Direct sagittal CT of the temporomandibular joint.
AB  - An apparatus for direct sagittal computed tomography (CT) of the
      temporomandibular joint is described. Direct sagittal CT allows visualization of
      the meniscus and of osseous changes of the mandibular condyle without the
      technical problems and limitations associated with sagittal reformations from
      axial scans. The device can be constructed easily and economically and adapted to
      most CT installations.

PMID- 4048470
TI  - MR imaging with surface coils.
AB  - The use of specialized coils to improve signal-to-noise ratios in magnetic
      resonance (MR) imaging is an important innovation. The role of surface coils has
      not yet been well defined, but it seems likely that they will be routinely used
      for clinical imaging of the orbit, neck, and spine. Surface coils have important
      limitations that make other designs, such as "closely coupled" volume coils,
      attractive for some applications, especially for limb imaging. With improvement
      in our ability to visualize anatomy with MR imaging, specialized radio frequency
      coils may provide new imaging capabilities for clinical problems that were not
      previously considered to be indications for diagnostic imaging.

PMID- 4048471
TI  - Re: Separate water and fat MR images.

PMID- 4048472
TI  - Re: Radiographic features of osteoarthropathy.

PMID- 4048473
TI  - 71st scientific assembly and annual meeting: the Radiological Society of North
      America. Chicago, November 17-22, 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4048474
TI  - Controversies in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 4048475
TI  - Models of muscle contraction and cell motility: a comparative study of the usual
      concepts and the swelling theories.

PMID- 4048476
TI  - Increase in placental 15-hydroxy-prostaglandin dehydrogenase in the first half of
      human pregnancy.
AB  - NAD-dependent 15-hydroxy-prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) activity was measured
      in homogenates of 25 human placentae obtained between 7 and 17 weeks of
      gestation. PGDH activity, expressed in nanomoles PGF2 alpha metabolized per min,
      ranged from 0.2 to 5.4 nmoles per mg placental protein and from 1.5 to 80 nmoles
      per g wet weight. PGDH activity per mg protein and per g weight increased
      significantly in function of gestational age (p less than 0.001). Between 7-8
      weeks' gestation and 15-16 weeks mean values increased tenfold from 0.4 to 3.0
      nmoles per mg protein and from 2.7 to 36.6 nmoles per g wet weight. Per unit of
      weight these early placentae contained less PGDH activity than term controls, but
      this related mainly to their high water content. Per mg placental protein PGDH
      activities already equalled values found at term before the end of the first
      trimester. The data indicate that the development of terminal villi and the
      migration of trophoblast into the maternal spiral arteries is associated with a
      substantial increase in the placental capacity for prostaglandin metabolism.

PMID- 4048477
TI  - Plasma levels of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F2 alpha, estrogens, and
      progesterone during stretch-induced labor at term.
AB  - The uterus of six healthy multiparous women at term was mechanically stretched by
      a rubber catheter and balloon. Apparent labor was inaugurated in all cases within
      5 hours and increased progressively with time. Advanced cervical softening and
      dilatation were also evident after the stretch treatment. Significant increases
      in the levels of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) were
      observed with the progress of treatment (P less than 0.01). Plasma estrogens and
      progesterone levels did not change significantly during the treatment (P greater
      than 0.05). Stretching and/or resulting uterine contractions appear to induce the
      secretion of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF) from the organ, which in turn seems to
      be involved in both cervical softening, and the onset and progress of labor,
      under stable conditions of plasma estrogens and progesterone.

PMID- 4048479
TI  - Luteal phase variations in endogenous concentrations of prostaglandins PGE and
      PGF and in the capacity for their in vitro formation in the human corpus luteum.
AB  - One evidence for a luteolytic role for prostaglandin F2 alpha in the human is the
      increase in luteal PGF at times corresponding to luteolysis as reported earlier
      by us and other groups. There have been other contradictory reports on this
      point. In the present experiments we have measured the concentrations of PGE and
      PGF in 16 more human corpora lutea and have determined the capacity of those
      tissues to form PGE and PGF in vitro. PGF concentrations were highest in the mid
      luteal phase but were accompanied by high PGE concentrations. On the other hand,
      in the late luteal phase PGF concentrations, lower than in mid luteal but
      generally higher than in early luteal phase, were significantly higher than PGE
      concentrations. This pattern in PGE and PGF concentrations was also evident in
      the capacity of these tissues to form these compounds in vitro. In view of the
      known capacity of PGE2 to counteract the luteolytic effect of PGF2 alpha, these
      variations in the relative concentrations of PGE and PGF during the luteal phase
      may be of significance in the process of luteolysis in the human.

PMID- 4048478
TI  - The protective effect of dietary fish oil on murine lupus.
AB  - Dietary marine lipids markedly reduce the severity of glomerulonephritis and its
      associated mortality in inbred strains of mice developing autoimmune disease, a
      model for human systemic lupus erythematosus. We report here the influence of
      varying the dose of menhaden oil and the timing of its administration on the
      mortality of female (NZB x NZW) F1 mice. After ingesting 25 wt% menhaden oil (MO)
      for periods of 1.5 weeks to 12 months, there was a stable content of tissue n-3
      fatty acids, with total n-3 fatty acids of 28% and 35% in spleen and liver,
      respectively. The extent of protection from mortality was dependent on the dose
      of MO with marked protection at doses of 11 to 25%, marginal protection at 5.5%
      and no protection at 2.5% MO. Delay in the institution of MO until ages 5 or 7
      months still resulted in large reductions of mortality. Conversely, institution
      of a MO diet from 6 weeks until ages 5 to 7 months followed by a change to beef
      tallow resulted in little protection. Serum levels of 4 cyclooxygenase products
      were reduced ranging from 26 to 76% in mice fed MO diets, compared to mice fed
      beef tallow, based on radioimmunoassay. The degree of reduction of mortality on
      different doses of MO was correlated best with tissue levels of C22:5, and levels
      of C20:5 and C22:6 were similar at high and low doses of MO, suggesting that
      levels of 22:5 may be related to the protective effects of marine lipids on
      autoimmune disease.

PMID- 4048480
TI  - [15-years of studies of the immunological cellular response in syphilis in humans
      using migration inhibition tests].

PMID- 4048481
TI  - [Circulating immune complexes and complement in patients with early and late
      syphilis].

PMID- 4048482
TI  - [Observed cases of late syphilis in the District Dermatological Clinic 1974
      1983].

PMID- 4048483
TI  - [Current theories on etiopathogenesis, clinical aspects and treatment of non
      gonococcal urethritis].

PMID- 4048484
TI  - [Epidemiological characteristics of non-gonococcal urethritis in men].

PMID- 4048485
TI  - [Epidemiology of gonorrheal keratitis and conjunctivitis in newborn infants].

PMID- 4048486
TI  - [2 cases of gonorrheal conjunctivitis in newborn infants].

PMID- 4048487
TI  - [Prevention of syphilis and gonorrhea in the Army].

PMID- 4048488
TI  - [Prevention of trichomonas vaginitis in women hospitalized for various
      dermatoses].

PMID- 4048489
TI  - [Food poisoning--1983].

PMID- 4048490
TI  - [Botulism--1983].

PMID- 4048491
TI  - [Diarrhea in children under 2 years of age--1983].

PMID- 4048492
TI  - [Viral hepatitis--1983].

PMID- 4048493
TI  - [Infectious mononucleosis--1983].

PMID- 4048494
TI  - [Tetanus--1983].

PMID- 4048495
TI  - [Brucellosis and other zoonoses--1983].

PMID- 4048497
TI  - [Trichinosis--1983].

PMID- 4048496
TI  - [Rabies--1983].

PMID- 4048498
TI  - [Intestinal parasites--1983].

PMID- 4048499
TI  - [Scabies--1983].

PMID- 4048500
TI  - [Infectious diseases in Poland 1983].

PMID- 4048501
TI  - [Measles--1983].

PMID- 4048502
TI  - [Whooping cough--1983].

PMID- 4048503
TI  - [Scarlet fever--1983].

PMID- 4048505
TI  - [Influenza--1983].

PMID- 4048504
TI  - [Epidemic parotitis--1983].

PMID- 4048506
TI  - [Rubella--1983].

PMID- 4048507
TI  - [Cerebrospinal meningitis and encephalitis--1983].

PMID- 4048508
TI  - [Salmonella infections--1983].

PMID- 4048509
TI  - [Bacillary dysentery--1983].

PMID- 4048510
TI  - Gout nephropathy and arterial hypertension.

PMID- 4048511
TI  - Blood pressure regulation in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: the effect of
      parathyroid hormone.

PMID- 4048512
TI  - Malignant arterial hypertension. A review of 88 patients.

PMID- 4048513
TI  - Renal hypertension. The renin system in hypertension with unilateral renal artery
      stenosis.

PMID- 4048514
TI  - Development and clinical application of plasmapheresis.

PMID- 4048515
TI  - Treatment of patients from collagenous nephropathies with high doses of
      corticoids and/or plasma exchange.

PMID- 4048516
TI  - Filter plasma exchanges in successful treatment of acute renal failure in
      patients with multiple myeloma.

PMID- 4048517
TI  - Plasmapheresis in the treatment of IgA nephropathy.

PMID- 4048518
TI  - Possibilities of plasma filter's reuse.

PMID- 4048520
TI  - Multiple myeloma nephropathy.

PMID- 4048519
TI  - Renal function and enzymatic studies of the urine in patients on a long-term
      lithium therapy.

PMID- 4048521
TI  - Some characteristics of renal injury in plasma cell dyscrasias.

PMID- 4048522
TI  - Renal function in patients with multiple myeloma.

PMID- 4048523
TI  - Renal lesions in multiple myeloma.

PMID- 4048524
TI  - Renal failure in multiple myeloma.

PMID- 4048525
TI  - Influence of Bence-Jones proteins, hyperviscosity, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia
      and dehydration on development of renal changes in plasma cell dyscrasias.

PMID- 4048526
TI  - Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in a patient with multiple myeloma and
      phenol intoxication.

PMID- 4048527
TI  - HBsAg-IgM complexes in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

PMID- 4048528
TI  - [Clinical significance of subtotal parathyroidectomy in the treatment of dialysis
      patients].

PMID- 4048529
TI  - Echocardiographic features and assessment of left ventricular function in
      patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

PMID- 4048530
TI  - [Pathophysiologic evaluation study on key positions in the development concept of
      the implantable hemofilter intestinal hybrid kidney].

PMID- 4048531
TI  - Treatment of glomerulonephritis (GN) with anticoagulants (AC), immunosuppressors
      (IS) and corticosteroids (CS).

PMID- 4048532
TI  - [Initial results of a bilateral study by selected clinics of the Republic of
      Austria and East Germany on the question of early detection of
      glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 4048533
TI  - Emergency endoscopy in uraemic patients with haematemesis and/or melaena.

PMID- 4048534
TI  - The influence of uremic acidosis on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 4048535
TI  - Estrification of H3 cholesterol in the plasma and lipoprotein fractions of
      patients with chronic renal failure (CRF).

PMID- 4048536
TI  - Hormonal control of the compensatory renal growth: effects of pharmacological
      pinealectomy.

PMID- 4048537
TI  - Renal tubular transport mechanisms of amino acids.

PMID- 4048538
TI  - Polytetrafluoroethylene graft's complications in patients on hemodialysis.

PMID- 4048539
TI  - [Physiopathology of acute experimental renal failure].

PMID- 4048540
TI  - [Psychological studies of persons attempting suicide].

PMID- 4048541
TI  - [Phagocytic and bactericidal activities of granulocytes in patients with breast
      cancer combined surgical treatment and radiotherapy].

PMID- 4048542
TI  - [Tuberculosis in Poland--current epidemiological status].

PMID- 4048543
TI  - [Consent with regard to diagnosis and therapeutic procedures and compulsory
      treatment].

PMID- 4048544
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of hirsutism].

PMID- 4048545
TI  - [Recurrent acute renal failure--a case report].

PMID- 4048546
TI  - The utilization of visual feedback information during rapid pointing movements.

PMID- 4048547
TI  - Enhancing single-term recognition accuracy by cueing spatial locations in vision.

PMID- 4048548
TI  - Phonological dyslexia and dysgraphia in a highly literate subject: a
      developmental case with associated deficits of phonemic processing and awareness.

PMID- 4048549
TI  - Reading without phonology?

PMID- 4048550
TI  - Authors' correction to "Routes to object constancy".

PMID- 4048551
TI  - Effects of collicular lesions in the hamster during visual discrimination. An
      analysis from computer-video actograms.

PMID- 4048552
TI  - Ultrastructural immunocytochemical distribution of VIP-like immunoreactivity in
      dog ileum.
AB  - The electron-immunocytochemical protein A-gold technique was employed to study
      the subcellular localization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like material
      in dog ileum. The vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity was
      found within a population of large granular vesicles similar in structure in
      nerve varicosities of the myenteric plexus, the deep muscular plexus, the
      submucous plexus, the longitudinal muscular layer and the mucosa; none was found
      in nerve cell bodies. In the myenteric plexus, submucous plexus, the mucosa and
      the longitudinal muscular layer, varicosities containing similar large granular
      vesicles consistently remained unstained suggesting that within these plexuses
      morphologically indistinguishable by our technique large granular vesicles are
      not necessarily biochemically identical. In the deep muscular plexus, nearly all
      varicosities with large granular vesicles contained immunoreactivity for
      vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, but these varicosities often contained a few
      unstained large granular vesicles. This suggests that vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide may share the same varicosity or the same vesicle with other
      neuropeptides present in this plexus (e.g., substance P or enkephalins) and that
      this plexus is a site where vasoactive intestinal polypeptide exerts its control
      over motility.

PMID- 4048553
TI  - Primary structure of glucagon and a partial sequence of oxyntomodulin (glucagon
      37) from the guinea pig.
AB  - Two glucagon-like peptides have been isolated from guinea pig pancreas and their
      primary structures determined. A 29-residue peptide is identical to the glucagons
      from all other mammals yet studied in the N-terminal region (residues 1-20) but
      the C-terminal region [Gln-Phe-Leu-Lys-Trp-Leu-Leu-Asn-Val] contains five
      substitutions. A 37-residue peptide probably represents guinea pig glucagon
      extended from the C-terminus by [Lys-Arg-Asn-Arg-Asn-Asn-Ile-Ala] and is
      analogous to human oxyntomodulin (glucagon-37). The structures suggest
      evolutionary pressure to conserve the N-terminal region of glucagon and the C
      terminal region of oxyntomodulin. The biological activity of guinea pig glucagon
      has not yet been determined but it is speculated that changes in the C-terminal
      region of glucagon may have produced a molecule with reduced biological potency
      that is appropriate to the reduced potency of guinea pig insulin.

PMID- 4048554
TI  - [Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. A pitfall in the evaluation of
      diagnostic efficacy in radiology?].

PMID- 4048555
TI  - [Computed tomography of non-functioning adrenal masses].
AB  - Incidental finding of non-functioning adrenal masses is not uncommon in patients
      undergoing abdominal CT. In a 4-year period, adrenal masses were detected as an
      accessory finding in 38 patients. The diagnosis was confirmed either
      histologically or in follow-up studies. This global series consists of 6
      adenomas, 4 carcinomas, 1 pheochromocytoma, 1 ganglioneuroma, 23 metastases, 1
      lymphoma, 1 histiocytoma, 1 myelolipoma. The Authors point out the parameters for
      the pathologic assessment of adrenal masses: size, contours and fine-needle
      biopsy appear to be the most reliable features.

PMID- 4048556
TI  - [Computed tomography of the femur head. Normal aspects and appearance in aseptic
      necrosis].
AB  - The diagnostic value of Computed Tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of the aseptic
      necrosis of the femoral head is discussed. The CT findings in the different
      evolutive stages are reported and the respective diagnostic value of Conventional
      Radiology and CT are discussed. The CT findings of femoral head necrosis in the
      early phases are emphasized. The capability of CT to demonstrate structural
      changes in femoral heads with regular morphology allows to consider this
      technique when there exists a clinical doubt of osteonecrosis of the femoral head
      and in risk patients.

PMID- 4048557
TI  - [Ioexol in arthrography].
AB  - Single contrast knee arthrography was performed in a group of 50 patients, using
      either Urografin or Ioexol as contrast agents. Both contrast media were well
      tolerated clinically and no significant difference was found to exist as far as
      image quality is concerned. However, while Urografin produced a significant
      increase of the white cells in the synovial fluid, no inflammatory change was
      observed in the synovial fluid after Ioexol. So we believe that Ioexol is a
      significantly preferable contrast medium in arthrography, especially in patients
      with inflammatory joint diseases.

PMID- 4048558
TI  - [Lung cancer of scars. Old and new problems].
AB  - The authors report fifteen cases of scar cancers of the lung and one case of
      tuberculoma. After reviewing both the type of scars and the lung districts
      involved by the lesions, they conclude that any although tiny scar must be
      regarded as suspect when a minimal change is noted.

PMID- 4048559
TI  - [Value of splenic embolization in patients with hypersplenism].
AB  - The authors describe the importance of embolization of the splenic artery by
      means of Gianturco coils in splenomegalic portal hypertension. They propose their
      first experience of six cases and the good results on the basis of clinical
      parameters, of bleeding of esophageal varices, of hematological values. They also
      show the influence of this method on hemodynamic, metabolic, and respiratory
      parameters, altered in cirrhotic patients.

PMID- 4048560
TI  - [201-thallium chloride for myocardial scintigraphy: control of radionuclide
      purity].
AB  - A gamma-ray spectrometry system suitable to detect impurities and the computer
      routines for automatic quantification of these impurities will be briefly
      described. We measured certain 201Tl samples provided by the more important
      italian suppliers and will present the final results. Our study confirms that the
      impurity levels certified by suppliers as the norm are respected. In addition, it
      is possible to estimate the period in which a radiopharmaceutical has an impurity
      level that permits its use.

PMID- 4048561
TI  - [Articular chondromatosis of the shoulder associated with a para-articular
      chondroma. Presentation of a case].

PMID- 4048562
TI  - [Liquid calculi of the urinary tract. A case localized in the bladder].

PMID- 4048563
TI  - [Bacteremia in a community hospital. 1-year experience].

PMID- 4048564
TI  - [Acute and chronic Q fever: clinical aspects, epidemiology, isolation of the
      agent and serologic data].

PMID- 4048565
TI  - [Severity of coronary and peripheral arteriosclerosis in relation to the
      triglyceride and cholesterol content of lipoproteins].

PMID- 4048566
TI  - [Study of the acetylator phenotype in Andalusia].

PMID- 4048567
TI  - [Primary hyperparathyroidism. Considerations apropos of 3 cases of osteitis
      fibrosa cystica].

PMID- 4048568
TI  - [Infectious endocarditis caused by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans biotype
      I].

PMID- 4048569
TI  - [Congenital hepatic fibrosis: a rare cause of portal hypertension].

PMID- 4048570
TI  - [Primary pulmonary lymphoma].

PMID- 4048571
TI  - [A case of myasthenia gravis made worse by the administration of reserpine].

PMID- 4048572
TI  - [Eosinophilia in malignant tumors].

PMID- 4048573
TI  - [Massive hemothorax secondary to the spontaneous rupture of pulmonary
      telangiectasia. An exceptional complication of Rendu-Osler-Weber disease].

PMID- 4048574
TI  - [Refractory anemia of long duration and nephrotic syndrome caused by primary
      amyloidosis].

PMID- 4048575
TI  - [Current status and importance of genetic screening for plasma cholinesterases:
      an unresolved problem].

PMID- 4048576
TI  - [Malignant hyperthermia: a severe anesthesia complication].

PMID- 4048577
TI  - [Regional anesthesia in foot surgery. Apropos of 465 cases].

PMID- 4048578
TI  - [Craniotomy in a pediatric population: complications in the immediate
      postoperative period].

PMID- 4048579
TI  - [Genetic study of plasma cholinesterases in the adult patients of the Cadiz
      region].

PMID- 4048580
TI  - [Family study of patients who have experienced succinylcholine apneas].

PMID- 4048581
TI  - [An original technic for the preparation of an injectable solution of sodium
      dantrolene from oral capsules (Dantralen) or from the pure substance].

PMID- 4048582
TI  - [Presentation of a case of a silent genetic cholinesterase variant].

PMID- 4048583
TI  - [Dyskinesia caused by droperidol].

PMID- 4048584
TI  - [The sitting position in neurosurgery].

PMID- 4048585
TI  - [Mydriasis and intradural anesthesia].

PMID- 4048586
TI  - [Paralysis of the 6th cranial pair during intradural anesthesia].

PMID- 4048587
TI  - [Adult respiratory distress syndrome and arsenic poisoning caused by Fowler's
      solution].

PMID- 4048588
TI  - [Postanesthetic chills].

PMID- 4048589
TI  - [Standardization of the teaching of anesthesiology and resuscitation].

PMID- 4048590
TI  - [Research in anesthesiology and resuscitation].

PMID- 4048591
TI  - [Operating rooms].

PMID- 4048592
TI  - [Standardization, the present and perspectives for the future].

PMID- 4048593
TI  - [Standards for the functioning of the surgical unit].

PMID- 4048595
TI  - [Resuscitation].

PMID- 4048594
TI  - [The recovery room].

PMID- 4048596
TI  - [Consultation in anesthesiology and resuscitation].

PMID- 4048597
TI  - [Emergency areas].

PMID- 4048598
TI  - [Medical assistance outside the hospital].

PMID- 4048599
TI  - [Standardization of cardiopulmonary resuscitation].

PMID- 4048600
TI  - [Pharmacotherapeutics: standardization].

PMID- 4048601
TI  - [Standardization of equipment and terminology in anesthesiology and
      resuscitation].

PMID- 4048602
TI  - [Pain treatment units].

PMID- 4048603
TI  - [Quality control in anesthesia: suggestions for its implementation].

PMID- 4048604
TI  - [The professional code in anesthesiology and resuscitation].

PMID- 4048605
TI  - [Maturation of cerebral somatosensory evoked potentials].
AB  - Cerebral somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were elicited by stimulation of
      the median nerve and/or posterior tibial nerve in 117 children of 1 day to 16
      years old. A major negative wave (N) was consistently recorded from the parietal
      region of the scalp when the arm was stimulated. The peak latency, the onset
      latency, the rising time and the duration of H wave are closely correlated with
      age and body length. The latencies are shortest in the subjects of 1-3 years old.
      SEPs to lower extremity stimulation were inconstant in the infants before the age
      of one. The major positive wave (P) has a variable topographic distribution along
      the middle line, over the scalp. The latencies are also very variable in the
      different subjects of the same age as well as in the same subject with different
      locations of active electrode. Among the parameters studied as for N wave, only
      the rising time of P wave is significantly correlated with age. The latencies of
      P wave have the shortest value in the subjects of 1-3 years old. The comparison
      of SEPs to upper and to lower limb stimulations shows that there is no
      relationship between them in respect to their morphology and amplitude. The
      minimum value of the latencies of N and P waves was observed at the same age but
      the difference between the peak latencies of P and N waves in the same subject
      increases considerably after 2 years of age and reaches the adult value after 5
      years of age. These resultats indicate that the maturation of the peripheral
      somatosensory pathways proceeds at a higher rate than that of the central
      somatosensory pathways, that the maturation of the somatosensory pathways of the
      upper limb precedes that of the lower limb, and that the rising time of N or P
      waves is a good index of cortical maturation. The clinical utility of these SEPs
      in pediatrics is discussed.

PMID- 4048606
TI  - [The blink reflex and the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Clinical correlations
      in 66 patients].
AB  - The blink reflex obtained from 66 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) shows 73%
      pathologic responses with MS considered as definite, 50% with MS considered as
      probable and only 18% with possible MS. These findings are of great diagnostical
      help, particularly in the absence of clinical evidence of involvement of the
      brain-stem. Among 8 electrological syndromes of alteration of the blink reflex,
      those due to large lesions of the brain-stem are often associated with definite
      MS, but small alterations of the blink reflex are more valuable for multifocal
      characterisation of the illness.

PMID- 4048607
TI  - [Lumbar cord potentials evoked by stimulation of the nerves of the lower limb in
      man].
AB  - Lumbar cord potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of the posterior tibial
      and sural nerves at the ankle were recorded with monopolar epidural electrodes,
      at T11-T12 level in 20 subjects and were compared with surface recorded
      potentials. Two quadriplegic patients with spinal section were included in this
      group. Curare was given in two cases. Xylocaine block of peripheral nerve was
      carried out in 4 cases. Double shock study was done in 5 cases. The lumbar cord
      evoked potentials show two successive components: a 'primary' negative-positive
      spike response with a latency of 19-35 msec, and the 'secondary' waves with
      latencies up to 200 msec. The 'primary' response is mainly produced by the
      afferent volley in the fibres of the dorsal roots and of their intramedullary
      prolongations. There is no evidence which suggests that it is correlated with
      presynaptic inhibition. The secondary components may be divided into the early
      and the late waves. The early waves (40-90 msec) are related to the polysynaptic
      activities from the afferent fibres of small diameters. The late waves are under
      the influence of supraspinal mechanism and may be related to long-loop reflexes.
      The clinical implications of these evoked potentials are discussed.

PMID- 4048608
TI  - [Somatosensory evoked potential and pain. I. Late cortical responses obtained at
      different levels of stimulation].
AB  - The characteristics of the late components of the somatosensory evoked potential
      (SEP) as a function of stimulation intensity have been studied in 10 normal
      volunteers following electrical stimulation of the distal cutaneous branches of
      the median nerve. The stimulus intensity (either single shock or train) was
      adapted in order to produce the following 4 types of sensation: liminal tactile
      (ST); frankly tactile but never painful (4 times ST); pain threshold (SD); and
      1.5 time SD. A significant relationship was observed between the amplitude of the
      late component (N150-P220-N400), of the SEP and the stimulus intensity for a low
      rate of stimulation (below 0.25 Hz). In contrast this relationship is not
      verified for higher stimulation rates. These data are discussed with respect to
      their implication in pain research.

PMID- 4048609
TI  - [Evoked potentials and pain. II. Comparative study of subjective sensations, late
      components of the cortical potentials and afferent volleys].
AB  - The subjective sensations and late components of the cortical somatosensory
      evoked potential (SEP) have been correlatively studied when elicited by
      stimulation parameters which were selected in order to activate selectively,
      either the largest afferent fibers (train of shocks of 10 mA, with a 0.05-0.2
      msec duration for each shock) or the several groups of fibers (A alpha beta; A
      delta and C) of the cutaneous branches of the median nerve (single shock, 1 msec
      duration; 20 mA). In both cases, a good correlation was found between the quality
      and intensity of sensations and the amplitude of the late component N150-P220
      N400 of the SEP. However, it was also found that this relationship was not linear
      and suggested that it is possible to saturate the cortical integrative system
      responsible for the SEP. A selective blockage of the largest fibers (compression)
      or of the finest ones (lidocaine) have shown that there is no specific
      involvement of a particular type of peripheral fiber in the genesis of the N150
      P220-N400 components. Moreover, these late components could also be recorded with
      similar latencies when cutaneous stimulations were applied in any part of the
      body.

PMID- 4048610
TI  - [Rare cause of myoclonus with giant SEP's: methyl bromide poisoning. Apropos of a
      case with unilateral predominance].
AB  - Giant and asymmetric SEPs were recorded in a patient with predominantly
      unilateral, spontaneous and intention myoclonus due to voluntary intoxication
      with methyl bromide as soon as day 3 after intoxication. The N10 Erb's point
      potential, cervical N13 and scalp recorded P15 potentials were found to be normal
      in latency, morphology and amplitude. The somesthetic informations could be
      considered as normally processed up to the subcortical levels of the
      somatosensory pathways. The parietal cortical potentials N20 and P25 and the
      frontal cortical potentials P22 and N30, contralateral to myoclonus, were
      abnormally large. This suggests that myoclonus could be related with an abnormal
      reactivity of somatomotor and somatosensory cortices to the afferent volleys
      triggered by voluntary movements. The prerolandic components P22 and N30 were
      found to be relatively more enhanced than the parietal N20 and P15.

PMID- 4048611
TI  - [Value of visual and somatosensory evoked potentials and the electroencephalogram
      in chronic respiratory insufficiency].
AB  - The visual evoked potentials (VEPs), somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and
      the electroencephalogram (EEG) have been studied in 16 subjects presenting
      chronic respiratory insufficiency (CRI) with normal consciousness. The SEPs
      latencies were increased but the VEPs latencies were not. The EEG was little
      disturbed and did not seem to provide useful information in CRI without
      encephalopathy.

PMID- 4048612
TI  - [Changes in somatosensory evoked potentials during EEG activation by bemegride in
      man].
AB  - The use of evoked potentials for the evaluation of neuronal mechanisms by which
      convulsant drugs activate epilepsy and produce seizure has been reported by many
      authors. Electrophysiological effects of bemegride with augmented responsivity of
      brain structure to sensory stimulation is well known, especially in experiments
      performed with implanted electrodes in animals. After recording evoked activity
      from parietal scalp following median nerve stimulation before and during 12 human
      EEG activations by bemegride, the authors find an increase in amplitude of
      cortical somatosensory evoked potentials. Changes in amplitude after diazepam
      administration are analysed, as well as morphological changes preceding and
      following grand mal seizures induced by bemegride administration. This variation
      in amplitude of evoked responses is compared with those recorded in animals with
      several convulsant drugs and in man affected with progressive myoclonic
      encephalopathies. A common action of these agents, beyond their effects on
      specific neurotransmitters (perhaps mediated by a blockade of neurotransmitter
      induced chloride conductance increases), is discussed.

PMID- 4048613
TI  - [Prognostic value of early somatosensory evoked potentials in the presence of
      traumatic lesions of the spinal cord].
AB  - Cortical and cervical early somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded
      after stimulation of median, ulnar, tibial or common peroneus nerves in 23
      patients with traumatic paraplegia or quadriplegia. The clinical progress of
      these patients was followed for more than 18 months. The gradual clinical
      recovery or its absence was compared with neurophysiological data. In complete
      spinal injury, the absence of SEPs in response to stimulation of a nerve entering
      the cord below the level of injury demonstrates the high degree of spinal cord
      damage. There was a good correlation between the presence of SEP, even of low
      amplitude or long latency, and a favorable prognosis. The return of the SEP could
      herald clinical recovery of posterior column function. From a practical point of
      view, these preliminary data suggest that the investigation of early SEPs must
      begin with a very short delay after injury and be continued for approximately 6
      months so that the irreversibility of the lesion can be clearly established.

PMID- 4048614
TI  - [Spinal and cortical SEP's in healthy subjects and paraplegics].
AB  - SEPs are evoked by electrical stimulation of tibial nerve in the fossa poplitea.
      Surface electrodes, located in S1, L4, L2, T12 with a reference in T6, can record
      lumbar evoked potentials and calculate a peripheral sensitive velocity. Bipolar
      leads between electrodes located in T12, T9, T6, T3 and C7 record medullary
      potential and calculate a medullary transit velocity. The cortical potential is
      monitored between C'z and a non-cephalic reference. 25 controls and 10 paraplegic
      patients are studied. In controls, sensitive peripheral velocity is 59 m/sec. The
      lumbar potential is composed of two negative waves, respectively due to the
      activation of sensitive roots and to the medullary potential. The medullary
      transit velocity, measured by the increase of the latency of the culmination of
      this negative wave along the spine, is 60 m/sec. The cortical potential is
      composed of two stable waves P30 N38 which are observed in every control; these
      waves are followed by a succession of positive and negative waves. In the 10
      paraplegic patients, complete anesthesia observed in 5 cases is associated with
      an absence of cortical potential, and the hypoesthesia observed in 5 cases is
      associated with a cortical potential with a reduced amplitude (2 cases) or an
      increased latency (3 cases). In these last 3 cases, the medullary potential
      allows to specify the location of slowing of the transit velocity.

PMID- 4048615
TI  - [Somatosensory evoked potentials in intraspinal tumors].
AB  - SEPs have been recorded in 15 patients with spinal cord tumors (mostly
      ependymomas) and in 5 patients with cord compression due to meningiomas (3 cas),
      neuromas (1 case) or neurosarcoma (1 cas). All the patients have been operated on
      so that precise informations were available on the histology and the location of
      the tumor. SEPs were monitored during surgery in 8 patients. The main conclusions
      of this study are as follows: There was a good correlation between the
      somatosensory troubles for touch, vibration sense and joint position sense, and
      SEPs abnormalities, however, SEPs may be clearly abnormal in the absence of any
      somatosensory deficit when the dorsal columns are compressed and not infiltrated
      by the tumor. In the latter situation the reverse dissociation (i.e., normal SEPs
      with somatosensory troubles) may be observed. The possibility of a dissociation
      between normal N11 and N13 cervical components and absent P14 far field
      components (non-cephalic reference) has been confirmed in 6 patients with
      cervicomedullary tumors. In 3 of them, this dissociation was found to be
      reversible and early SEPs returned to normal after surgery. Peroperative
      monitoring of scalp SEPs recorded with a non-cephalic reference electrode allowed
      the detection of transient SEP abnormalities related with a traction on the
      dorsal columns of the cord. SEP monitoring is recommended for any surgical
      removal of tumor that needs a posterior myelotomy.

PMID- 4048616
TI  - [Sensitivity and specificity of stress gammagraphy with thallium for detecting
      patients with involvement of 2 or 3 vessels following myocardial infarction. Use
      of a semiquantitative method].

PMID- 4048617
TI  - [A single coronary vessel in the mouse: a model for experimental study].

PMID- 4048618
TI  - [Aortoplasty using a polytetrafluoroethylene expanded microporous patch in aortic
      coarctation in childhood].

PMID- 4048619
TI  - [Ventriculo-arterial discordance with intact septum. Our surgical experience].

PMID- 4048620
TI  - [Vascular rings: review of our experience].

PMID- 4048621
TI  - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of an interatrial septum aneurysm in a patient
      without other cardiopathy. Variations with respiration].

PMID- 4048622
TI  - [Aneurysm of the left atrial appendage. Presentation of a case].

PMID- 4048623
TI  - [Echocardiography in the diagnosis of a pericardial cyst. Presentation of a
      case].

PMID- 4048624
TI  - [Portal hypertension in hepatic cirrhosis: its relation to quantified histologic
      parameters].

PMID- 4048625
TI  - [Diagnosis and non-invasive follow-up of space-occupying heptic lesions].

PMID- 4048626
TI  - [Pseudocysts of the pancreas].

PMID- 4048627
TI  - [Splenic hydatidosis. Review and contribution of 6 new cases].

PMID- 4048628
TI  - [Influence of gastrin in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 4048629
TI  - [Elective colo-rectal surgery: reduction of surgical wound infection with
      prophylactic antibiotics].

PMID- 4048630
TI  - [Absorption and excretion of iron by enterocytes].

PMID- 4048631
TI  - [Embolic implantation of a cancer of the gallbladder into the distal choledocus.
      A rare cause of obstructive jaundice].

PMID- 4048632
TI  - [Cloacal carcinomas: current problems and clinico-pathologic aspects].

PMID- 4048633
TI  - [Radiation-induced ileorectal fistula through the rectal stump (Hartmann)].

PMID- 4048634
TI  - [Is the excision of peritoneal metastases of leiomyosarcoma justified? Comments
      on 2 cases].

PMID- 4048635
TI  - [Gastric precancer].

PMID- 4048636
TI  - Creation of transgenic animals to study development and as models for human
      disease.

PMID- 4048637
TI  - [Rehabilitation of the physically handicapped--even today an ongoing task for
      orthopedics?].
AB  - Rehabilitation of disabled people has at all times been an essential element of
      orthopaedics. The great advances made in orthopaedic surgery over the last few
      decades have however not resulted in rehabilitative activity having become
      superfluous. On the contrary, better medical restoration provides a better
      starting base for vocational rehabilitation. Rehabilitation generally has better
      technical possibilities today than it used to, which contributes to its being
      more successful today. Most important of all has however been the progress
      entailed by a fundamental change in how rehabilitation is conceived: Today, we
      consider the disabled person a full and equal member of our society, whose
      integration in competitive employment we mean to foster to the greatest extent
      possible.

PMID- 4048638
TI  - [Rehabilitation of the physically handicapped--a challenge to the Christian
      church?].
AB  - The question of whether rehabilitation of physically disabled people constitutes
      a challenge for the Christian churches must be answered with a clear "Yes" by
      their members. The churches and hence the Christians themselves, must on the
      basis of their faith make it quite clear that rehabilitation of physically
      disabled persons is a holistic process involving body, mind, and soul. Physical
      care must therefore be matched by intensive spiritual assistance; that
      handicapped persons are of equal worth in the sight of God as the able bodied,
      hence do not constitute "unworthy life"; that physically disabled persons must be
      afforded an existence worthy of human dignity; that Christian communities should
      encourage volunteer work; that provision of good education and vocational
      training, as well as preparation for a meaningful life without gainful activity,
      must be given attention. All these emanate from the call to emulate Jesus Christ.

PMID- 4048639
TI  - [The Sermon on the Mount as a challenge to the rehabilitation of the physically
      handicapped].
AB  - The Sermon on the Mount should be understood in the dynamic context in which
      Jesus himself had turned toward the weak and infirm. His own action, so he
      willed, is to be carried on in the action of his disciples. Jesus blesses those
      who "use no violence"--this, also, implies that one should not by violent means
      protect against suffering, which in actual fact is increasingly being done in the
      selective termination of pregnancy. Jesus wants his disciples, as he himself had
      done, to become ready to share and help carry the suffering that disability may
      bring down upon a family. His calling his followers the "salt of the earth" also
      means that they seek to make life "tasty", i.e., worth living for others, a
      challenge which is being faced in committing to the care of disabled persons.

PMID- 4048640
TI  - [Cooperation of the orthopedist and educator in undertaking the rehabilitation of
      the physically handicapped as exemplified by the severely handicapped cerebral
      palsied child].
AB  - The impetus for therapeutic intervention does not emanate from the individual
      concerned; it comes from his or her family, who, in turn, must be comprised in
      the care provided, regarding unrealistic expectations, reluctance to assume
      responsibilities, refusal of "charity", guilt feelings. Service provision in
      mainstream facilities involves serious hazards for those with severe multiple
      disability. Medical and educational concerns may run counter to each other.
      Medical treatment-based impediments for educational care may be hospital stays,
      surgery, braces, postural devices, extensive physiotherapy, or drug treatment.
      Among the positive aspects of educator/physician cooperation are the facts that
      the educator develops a sense for movement therapy considerations, while the
      physician becomes aware of the importance of educational care, not least in case
      of profound psychic involvement.

PMID- 4048641
TI  - [Rehabilitation of the physically handicapped--rehabilitation of the gainfully
      employed orthopedic patient].
AB  - Rehabilitation of physically disabled persons and resettlement of employed
      orthopaedic patients into social and working life are integral components of
      orthopaedics. Unless the patient is reintegrated, orthopaedic care remains
      incomplete. It is absolutely necessary to develop, already during counselling and
      at the outset of in-patient therapy, a detailed treatment plan that takes into
      account the pertaining vocational and social integration considerations. Besides
      outlining some general ideas, the specific experience at the Orthopaedic Clinic
      of Frankfort university are described.

PMID- 4048642
TI  - [Rehabilitation of the elderly person].
AB  - Orthopaedic treatment for the elderly is aimed at enabling these persons to
      master their life. It includes not only the actual treatment of illness or
      disability, but also the influence exerted by their environment. Among the main
      problems aging people encounter in coping with orthopaedic disorders are
      decreasing adaptability and limitations in their capability to cope with stress
      situations. Not only the bone itself, but also the motoricity are affected.
      Physical therapists and physicians must take these factors into account in their
      efforts to successfully assist these aging people.

PMID- 4048643
TI  - [Experience of their environment and disease by facially disfigured patients-
      recognition of the handicap as a prerequisite for rehabilitation].
AB  - In an investigation of psychosocial strain in persons having a facial or skin
      impairment, a total of 25 patients of Fachklinik Hornheide (a special clinic for
      the treatment of tumors, tuberculosis, and for facial and skin reconstruction)
      had participated in in-depth interviewing. It was found with unexpected clarity
      that these clients are exposed to a high measure of negative environmental
      reaction. In addition to having to cope with stressful disease consequences,
      often entailing a "loss of face" with the major problems of self-worth this
      involves, these negative experiences in many instances lead to behavioural
      problems, withdrawal reaction, occupational repercussions, or severe emotional
      crisis in those concerned. The degree to which these patients can overcome their
      problems is to a large extent dependent on how parents, spouse, colleagues, and
      important others respond. Early enough involvement of significant others,
      possibly already at the time of medical information, as well as support during
      emotional crisis are capable of considerably alleviating the coping process. The
      psychosocial problems confronting persons with disfiguring facial conditions have
      to be taken into account during therapy in order to successfully enhance the
      purpose of integration into the social environment.

PMID- 4048644
TI  - Community resistance to development of group homes for people with mental
      retardation.

PMID- 4048645
TI  - [Mother-young relations and prolactin response to mammary stimulation in the cow:
      influence of milking and free or fettered suckling].
AB  - Maternal behaviour and PRL response to mammary stimulation have been studied in
      three groups of 20 Friesian cows each, held according to three different systems
      of management. In the 1st group (group AL), the cows suckled 3 alien calves and
      were all kept in one pen after a fostering period of two weeks. In the second
      group (group AE), the cows suckled 3 alien calves twice a day when tethered. In
      this group, the fostering procedure was limited to 18 h. In the 3rd group (group
      T), the cows were separated from their calves just after birth and then milked
      twice a day. On day 45 after calving, mother-young relationships were observed in
      the three groups for one day, the animals all being kept with familiar or alien
      calves on this occasion. Then, on day 112 postpartum, the PRL response to
      suckling (groups AL and AE) or to milking (group T) was studied in 4 cows of each
      group. Group AL cows were maternal and selective. They preferentially suckled
      their foster calves rather than alien ones and suckling was carried out in
      parallel-inverse position. Group AE cows were also maternal but the relationships
      were not selective and suckling in parallel-inverse position was less frequent.
      Finally, most milked cows did not allow the calves to suck. A comparison of PRL
      response to mammary stimulation showed that the response of milked cows (group T)
      to milking was low whereas suckling by an alien calf in group AL did not lead to
      a PRL response; the presence of the 3 foster calves was needed to induce this
      response. These results indicate that breeding conditions after calving influence
      mother-young relationships and suggest that maternal behaviour is a modulating
      factor of PRL response to suckling.

PMID- 4048646
TI  - The effect of sudden solar exposure on thermophysiological parameters and on
      plasma prolactin and cortisol concentrations in male Creole goats.
AB  - Rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rhythm (RR), plasma cortisol and prolactin
      (PRL) levels and haematocrit were measured at noon in male Creole goats during
      their habituation to shade, during sudden exposure to sunlight and then while
      they were kept outdoors. Data on the microclimatic environment, especially black
      globe temperature (Tg), were recorded. On the day (DO) the bucks were put in the
      sun, the increase of RT and RR, characteristic of circadian rhythm, was amplified
      (RT: 40.84 +/- 0,23 degrees C vs 39.48 +/- 0.19 degrees C P less than 0.001; RR:
      98 +/- 22 vs 35 +/- 3 respirations/min; P less than 0.01). Plasma cortisol also
      increased (17.7 +/- 8.6 vs 5.57 +/- 1.7 ng/ml; P less than 0.05). After 24 h
      (D1), plasma prolactin concentration increased dramatically (923 +/- 653 vs 90 +/
      22 ng/ml; P less than 0.05) and haematocrit decreased (28.6 +/- 2.3 vs 33 +/-
      2.3%; P less than 0.05). To clarify the simultaneous effects of time (t) and Tg,
      we developed a model Log-normal on t and linear on Tg for RR and PRL. A model
      decreasing exponentially with t and linear with Tg was developed for RT; the
      determination coefficients were R2 = 0.96, 0.75 and 0.59, respectively. About 3
      weeks later, after the adaptation period, RT, RR and plasma PRL stabilized; RT
      and RR returned to shade values while the PRL level remained higher than the
      shade PRL level (248 +/- 109 vs 130 +/- 50 ng/ml; P less than 0.05). The 24-hour
      time-lag in prolactin hypersecretion and the role of prolactin in
      thermoregulation are discussed.

PMID- 4048647
TI  - In vivo cholesterol synthesis by the rat digestive tract. I. A topological study.
AB  - Rats were fed a semi-purified diet containing 0.5% cholesterol; cholesterogenesis
      was measured in vivo 70 min after [1-14C]-acetate or tritiated water was
      incorporated into the gastrointestinal tract sterols. The results were
      qualitatively similar with the two precursors. Cholesterol synthesis was
      preponderant in the small intestine and mainly occurred in its mucosa with a
      decreasing biosynthetic gradient from the duodenum to the distal ileum. The
      gradient of cholesterogenesis decreased from the crypt cells to the apical cells
      in all segments of the intestine studied.

PMID- 4048648
TI  - In vivo cholesterol synthesis by the rat digestive tract. II. A study of
      turnover.
AB  - In the main organs of the digestive tract of rats fed a semi-purified diet
      containing 0.5% cholesterol, cholesterol activity was measured 70 min and 8, 24
      and 48 h after subcutaneous impulsion of 14C-acetate or intravenous injection of
      tritiated water. Cholesterol synthesized in the stomach and caecum-colon was not
      significantly renewed during the 48-hour experiment. On the contrary, cholesterol
      synthesized in situ in the intestine disappeared with a mean rate constant of 4%
      X h-1. The rate constant (K) varied (6% X h-1 in the duodenum and jejunum and
      about 3% X h-1 in the distal ileum) according to the site of the enterocytes in
      the small intestine. Cell sloughing could not account for the major part of the
      decrease in cholesterol radioactivity, particularly in the first three quarters
      of the small intestine. In the proximal half of the gut internal cholesterol
      secretion via lipoproteins poured into the lymph might play a role.

PMID- 4048649
TI  - Early ultrastructural adaptive changes of ileal enterocytes after proximal small
      bowel resection as determined morphometrically.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to evaluate in terms of quantitative
      measurements whether the well-known histomorphological and functional adaptive
      changes in the intestinal mucosa after small bowel resection are accompanied by
      alterations on the ultrastructural level. Therefore, samples of the ileal
      remnants after a 60% proximal resection were processed for ultrastructural
      evaluation and analyzed employing point counting planimetry and direct
      measurements. Microvillus surface area increased from the bottom of the crypts to
      the villus tips in both resected and sham-operated animals. This increase in
      microvillus surface area from the crypt to the villus was significantly less
      pronounced after proximal resection, while there were no changes in the crypt
      compartment. No significant differences of the relative areas of the nuclei,
      mitochondria, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed when comparing
      the different positions along the villus crypt axis in normal and hyperplastic
      mucosa. In agreement with functional and enzyme histochemical results, these
      ultrastructural findings provide further evidence for an altered pattern of
      enterocyte maturation after proximal resection, which is most probably due to an
      increase in the migration rate of the enterocytes.

PMID- 4048650
TI  - Decreased fibrinolytic activity in the rat uterus after laparotomy.
AB  - The influence of different intrauterine devices (IUDs) on the uterine
      fibrinolysis has been extensively studied in rodents with two uterine horns. In
      this experimental model an IUD is inserted into one horn by a surgical procedure
      including laparotomy and uterotomy. The effect of these two surgical steps on the
      fibrinolysis in the endometrium determined according to Todd's histochemical
      fibrin slide technique was studied in the present series comprising 26 rats. The
      fibrinolytic activity (FA) in the rat uterus was independent of the biopsy site
      in the uterine horns. However, significant depression of endometrial fibrinolysis
      was demonstrated 2 weeks after laparotomy, whereas no effect of a tiny incision
      in the uterine wall was recorded. In conclusion, a sham operation of the control
      horn in rodent studies on the fibrinolytic effect of IUDs according to this
      experimental model is not necessary.

PMID- 4048651
TI  - Left ventricular enzyme activities of the energy-supplying metabolism in
      Goldblatt-II rats.
AB  - The hypertrophied left ventricles of renovascular hypertensive Wistar rats were
      examined for several enzyme activities 4-6 and 8-12 weeks after operation
      (Goldblatt-II), and compared with controls. The activities of beta-hydroxyacyl
      CoA dehydrogenase in hypertrophied myocardial tissue were found to be markedly
      diminished, as were those of citrate synthase, although to a lesser degree. In
      both stages of left ventricular hypertrophy hexokinase activity was considerably
      increased, whereas that of lactate dehydrogenase was only initially slightly
      elevated. Both enzymes showed an altered isoenzyme composition. The possible
      reasons and consequences of these changes are discussed.

PMID- 4048652
TI  - Role of adrenal hormones (adrenaline and DOCA) in experimental hypertension. A
      histopathological study.
AB  - The effect of prolonged treatment with adrenaline and sodium chloride combined
      with desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA), on the blood pressure of unilaterally
      nephrectomized (UN) rats and the histology of circulatory organs was studied.
      Hypertension developed in this experimental hypertension model in all of the test
      groups. Adrenaline alone raised the blood pressure as much as the adrenaline +
      NaCl + DOCA treatment. Organic changes in the renal blood vessels developed only
      in the Adrenaline + DOCA + NaCl group, where the highest increases in cardiac and
      renal organ weights were also found. These findings indicate that adrenal stress
      hormones may play an important sensitizating role in the multifactoral genesis of
      vascular changes associated with hypertension.

PMID- 4048653
TI  - Effect of indomethacin on the bradykinin-induced vasodilation in the
      submandibular gland.
AB  - Effects of the local infusion of bradykinin or isoproterenol were studied on the
      systemic blood pressure, blood flow, and vascular resistance of the submandibular
      gland before and after indomethacin treatment in cats. Both bradykinin and
      isoproterenol were shown to potently increase the glandular perfusion rate. The
      systemic arterial blood pressure fell by about 20% in response to indomethacin.
      The enhancement of blood flow by bradykinin or isoproterenol was not, however,
      affected by indomethacin treatment. The present results appear to suggest that
      the endogenous prostaglandins are not essentially involved in the development of
      responses produced by bradykinin or isoproterenol in the cat submandibular gland.

PMID- 4048654
TI  - Inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation and endothelial permeability with
      flunarizine in vitro and in experimental atheromas.
AB  - Repeated weak electrical stimulations of rabbit carotid artery walls with
      implanted electrodes cause intimal proliferations of smooth muscle cells (SMC)
      and lead to fibromuscular plaques beneath the anode. If the animals receive a
      cholesterol-enriched diet the plaques become typical atheromas. The endothelial
      lining is maintained. The procedure for the production of an atheroma with 11 +/-
      4 layers of SMC lasts 4 weeks. Addition of the calcium antagonist Flunarizine to
      the food during the stimulation periods inhibits the growth of the plaque. The
      inhibition is dose-dependent. Whether the drug inhibits atherogenesis by direct
      action on SMC or via an effect on permeation of macromolecules through the
      endothelium has been studied by measurement of (1) peroxidase (MW 40,000 dalton)
      permeability through the stimulated endothelium of the artery and (2) the
      inhibitory effects of Flunarizine on cultures of arterial SMC. Endothelial
      permeability increases for some hours after stimulation mainly beneath the anode.
      Flunarizine inhibits the permeation of peroxidase through the endothelial lining
      for the most part by its action on intercellular transport. The drug also
      inhibits the growth of SMC in mass cultures and clone cultures. The inhibition of
      proliferation is not specific for SMC. Skin fibroblasts obtained from the same
      animals as the artery smooth muscle cells are also inhibited in mass cultures and
      clone cultures. From the results it can be concluded that Flunarizine exerts its
      inhibitory action not only by its effect on the permeation through the
      endothelial lining but by a combined action on permeability and proliferation of
      cells in the artery wall.

PMID- 4048655
TI  - Release of vitamin B12 from carrier erythrocytes in vitro.
AB  - Resealed erythrocyte ghosts (carrier erythrocytes) are potential in vivo carriers
      for exogenous enzymes or drugs, but data on carrier erythrocyte survival and
      clearance rate in humans are not available. We have measured the in vitro efflux
      of vitamin B12 encapsulated in human red cell by hypo-osmotic dialysis, as a
      preliminary for its use as a marker for in vivo human studies. Vitamin B12 was
      encapsulated into erythrocytes at a relative incorporation efficiency of 60%. In
      vitro hemolysis of carrier erythrocytes was minimal over 40 h, but vitamin B12
      was rapidly lost from the cells, efflux t/2 was 5 h, presumably by diffusion
      through the intact cell membrane. Vitamin B12 (Vit B12) may, nevertheless, be a
      suitable marker for short-term human studies on carrier erythrocyte splanchnic
      clearance.

PMID- 4048656
TI  - Pathologic study following vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
AB  - This article details the pathologic findings in eyes removed postmortem from a
      diabetic man with proliferative retinopathy, vitreous hemorrhage, and tractional
      retinal detachment. Several years before death, to control hemorrhage from
      extraretinal vasoproliferative lesions, one eye only was treated with argon laser
      panretinal photocoagulation. Eight months before death the treated eye also was
      operated for tractional retinal detachment with current vitrectomy methods:
      membranotomy, partial peeling, and segmentation of preretinal membranes. Despite
      their atropic clinical appearance, the extraretinal lesions on pathologic study
      were "active." In the operated and nonoperated eyes the vascular and nonvascular
      proliferative lesions were of equal severity. The sclerotomy wounds were
      complicated by intraocular granulation tissue, focal granulomatous inflammation
      related to suture fragments, and intraocular hemorrhage.

PMID- 4048657
TI  - Cataract and uveitis management by pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy by
      ultrasonic fragmentation.
AB  - Cataract and uveitis occurs usually in young individuals and produces loss of
      vision from opacification of both the lens and vitreous. The condition does not
      lend itself to conventional surgery. In the experience of the authors and several
      other investigators, pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy by ultrasonic
      fragmentation not only improves vision but apparently causes a remission of
      uveitis. A retrospective study of 23 eyes with cataract and uveitis undergoing
      pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy by ultrasonic fragmentation (21 eyes) or
      vitrectomy alone (2 eyes) showed improved vision in 91.3%, no operative
      complications, and remission of the uveitis in 100% with observation periods of 1
      11 years (average, 5 years). Pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy appears to be
      the treatment of choice in cataract and chronic uveitis.

PMID- 4048658
TI  - Therapeutic ultrasound in the treatment of retinal detachment: clinical
      observations and light and electron microscopy.
AB  - Osmotically-induced retinal detachments were created in rabbit eyes and treated
      with therapeutic ultrasound. Control eyes showed spontaneous retinal reattachment
      after ten days (range, 8-10 days), while eyes treated with therapeutic ultrasound
      showed retinal reattachment in a shorter time (average, 4.5 days). Light and
      electron microscopy demonstrates at least three major differences in the
      ultrasound-treated eyes compared to the controls. These findings are evidence of
      an earlier retinal reattachment, a stronger chorioretinal adhesion, less damage
      and faster repair in the ultrasound-treated retina than in the control retina.
      This method of producing chorioretinal adhesions may have applications in certain
      types of retinal detachments where choroidal thickness or vitreous opacity
      preclude conventional cryopexy, diathermy or photocoagulation techniques.

PMID- 4048659
TI  - Basic principles of clinical electroretinography.
AB  - Before applying the technique of electroretinography to the investigation of
      retinal disorders, it is imperative to understand the cells within the retina
      that generate its component waveforms and the manner in which various stimuli and
      background conditions modify their amplitude and isolate cone and rod
      contributions.

PMID- 4048660
TI  - Hemorrhage into the vitreous cavity in association with a retinal tear.

PMID- 4048661
TI  - Grid photocoagulation for diffuse macular edema.
AB  - We looked at the results of 89 consecutive diabetic eyes with diffuse macular
      edema that had been treated with grid laser photocoagulation. Sixty (67%) eyes
      improved anatomically post-laser, ie the amount of edema was less. Fifteen (17%)
      eyes improved in visual acuity by two or more lines following treatment. Sixty
      nine (77%) experienced no change, or changed by only one line; five eyes (6%)
      experienced a decrease in visual acuity by two or more lines. Clinical findings
      having significantly poorer visual prognoses were the presence of foveal exudate,
      hypertension, macular capillary nonperfusion, and poor preoperative visual
      acuity. Whether or not treated eyes do better than untreated eyes cannot be
      determined by a retrospective study such as this, and awaits the results of a
      larger, prospective, randomized, controlled, clinical trial.

PMID- 4048662
TI  - Subretinal nematode. An unusual etiology for uveitis and retinal detachment.
AB  - Retinal detachments are usually divided between rhegmatogenous and exudative.
      Many causes for exudative retinal detachments are described in the literature.
      Subretinal nematodes are a rare but well-known etiology for severe exudative
      retinal detachments and endophthalmitis. The case presented represents the first
      known infestation of human ocular tissue by the nematode Porrocaecum or
      Hexametra. Described are the presenting symptoms and medical and surgical
      management, including pars plana vitrectomy, retinotomy, and air-fluid exchange
      to salvage the eye.

PMID- 4048663
TI  - Exudative retinal detachment secondary to orbital and intraocular benign lymphoid
      hyperplasia.
AB  - A 69-year-old white woman presented with glaucoma secondary to benign lymphoid
      hyperplasia and elevated episcleral venous pressure. Retinal detachment developed
      subsequent to trabeculectomy and cataract formation. A biopsy of orbital tissue
      that surrounded the vortex veins revealed mature lymphocytes. Cytology of
      subretinal fluid also revealed the presence of lymphocytes. Radiation therapy
      resulted in absorption of subretinal fluid.

PMID- 4048664
TI  - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis with ocular involvement.
AB  - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis is an angiocentric and angiodestructive
      lymphoproliferative disorder that involves multiple organs including the lung,
      skin, kidney and central nervous system. A case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis
      with ocular involvement is reported herein. Bilateral peripheral retinal
      vasculitis involving both arterioles and veins, with posterior uveitis, is the
      prominent clinical finding.

PMID- 4048665
TI  - Oxygen binding in blood of Xenopus laevis (Amphibia) and evidence against Root
      effect.
AB  - Blood oxygen binding was examined in the amphibian, Xenopus laevis, with the
      particular aim of determining whether the O2 capacity is diminished when blood pH
      is lowered, which is known as the Root effect in blood of some fishes. Hemoglobin
      bound O2 concentration, [O2Hb], was determined by the Lex-O2-Con technique, and
      both total hemoglobin, [Hb]tot, and Met-hemoglobin, [MetHb], contents were
      measured spectrophotometrically. From these measurements were calculated the
      oxygen capacity, O2cap, and the content of active hemoglobin, [Hb]act, i.e. the
      difference between [Hb]tot and [MetHb]. The main finding was the independence of
      the ratio of O2cap/[Hb]act on pH, when differences between samples in [Hb]tot and
      the presence of MetHb, which was particularly pronounced at low pH, where
      properly accounted for. It is concluded that the Root effect does not exist in
      blood of the amphibian Xenopus laevis.

PMID- 4048666
TI  - Changes in diaphragmatic EMG spectra during hyperpneic loads.
AB  - Changes in electromyographic (EMG) activity of the diaphragm were examined in
      human subjects during different levels of voluntary hyperpnea. Diaphragmatic EMG
      was recorded using both surface and esophageal electrodes. The power spectra
      density (PSD) of the EMG signal was calculated and characterized by the high
      frequency to low frequency (H/L) ratio and by the centroid frequency (Fc). During
      high levels of voluntary hyperpnea, a significant decrease in both the H/L ratio
      and Fc occurred, which was similar in diaphragmatic EMG recorded by either
      surface or esophageal electrodes. This similarity in EMG spectral changes
      suggested that when diaphragmatic EMG was recorded using surface electrodes,
      there was only minimal contamination from the activity of other chest wall
      muscles. Changes in EMG Fc were detected during levels of hyperpnea which could
      be readily sustained. Thus, diaphragmatic EMG spectral changes were not
      characteristic of imminent ventilatory failure (i.e., an inability to sustain a
      target level of ventilation). In contrast, significant changes in EMG H/L ratio
      were observed only during hyperpneic loads which could not be sustained. This
      difference in sensitivity between the Fc and H/L ratio was due to the increased
      variability of H/L ratio and suggests that the H/L ratio may fail to detect small
      but significant shifts in EMG spectra. The relationship between the rate of
      decrease in EMG Fc and the level of hyperpnea was not statistically significant.
      We conclude that diaphragmatic EMG spectral changes do occur during hyperpneic
      loads, but we question the specificity of using diaphragmatic EMG spectral
      changes in predicting ventilatory failure.

PMID- 4048667
TI  - Function in ventilatory control of respiratory neurons at the pontomedullary
      junction.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated that electrolytic lesions placed in the
      midline at the pontomedullary junction result in increased respiratory frequency.
      The increase in frequency is greater during hypercapnia. The present study sought
      to determine whether the effects of the lesions were mediated, at least in part,
      by destruction of neurons. Alternatively, the lesions may have interrupted fiber
      tracts. Both destruction by kainic acid and inhibition by selective cooling of
      neurons on the midline at the pontomedullary junction in decerebrate,
      vagotomized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated cats produced results similar
      to those engendered by the lesions; i.e., an increased respiratory frequency.
      Microinjections of glutamate produced a slowing of respiration. In additional
      cats, extracellular single unit recordings were obtained from 48 neurons located
      in the medial areas (0-1 mm lateral to midline) at the pontomedullary junction.
      Of these, 41 neurons were tonically active and 38 were judged to be respiratory
      modulated by both the F-test and the Friedman test. The activity of these neurons
      was sensitive to changes in CO2. Therefore, neurons located at the pontomedullary
      junction may play a primary role in the integration of central chemoreceptor
      afferent stimuli.

PMID- 4048668
TI  - Effects of hypoxia on catecholamine and cardiorespiratory responses in exercising
      dogs.
AB  - The sympathoadrenal contribution to cardiorespiratory response elicited by
      hypoxia and/or exercise was assessed in the dog. The increased plasma
      norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) levels which follow hypoxia (fraction of
      inspired O2 equals 0.12) while epinephrine (E) remained unchanged ruled out the
      possibility of a primacy of the adrenal medulla in the response to hypoxia. In
      contrast to the lack of effect of hypoxic exposure, the adrenal medulla was
      substantially stimulated during exercise. The exercise-induced sympathoadrenal
      response remained unchanged during hypoxia as compared to normoxia when expressed
      as function of relative work intensity. Nevertheless at a given oxygen uptake,
      all plasma catecholamines were increased by hypoxia. These modifications in
      hormonal milieu failed, however, to alter the cardiac responses to exercise but
      were associated with a change in breathing pattern.

PMID- 4048669
TI  - Regulation of respiratory airflow during panting and feeding in the dog.
AB  - Cineradiographic study of the movement patterns of oropharyngeal and laryngeal
      structures during breathing and panting in dogs, correlated with recordings of
      expiratory and inspiratory airflow patterns (via thermocouples) at the nose and
      mouth show that the soft palate is the principal structural component regulating
      the path of respiratory in these animals. Cyclical movements of the soft palate
      during panting are accompanied by complementary movements of the posterior dorsum
      of the tongue (and epiglottis) to open and to close alternately the oropharynx
      and nasopharynx. The epiglottis appears to play a passive role during changes in
      airflow direction; its movements at this time being closely coupled to movements
      of the posterior tongue and hyoid. The dogs did not breathe during lapping or
      mastication, indicating the loss of functional separation of respiratory and
      feeding activities - a role traditionally held for the evolution of a secondary
      palate in mammals. Food stored in the posterior region of the oral cavity was
      observed to obstruct airflow via the nasopharynx during food transport and
      breakdown. Respiration commenced only after the food bolus had been swallowed. We
      suggest that specializations of the soft palate and epiglottis in dogs for
      thermal panting appear to restrict the formation of an adequate oropharyngeal
      seal during feeding.

PMID- 4048670
TI  - Normal whole blood Bohr effect in Peruvian natives of high altitude.
AB  - Measurements of whole blood O2 affinity were made with an automatic technique
      that allowed recording of O2 saturation continuously over a range of PO2 of 1 to
      150 torr at constant pH and PCO2 with fresh samples of blood obtained from 5
      natives of high altitude at Morococha, Peru (altitude, 4540 m). The results were
      not significantly different from those obtained with controls living at sea level
      with regard to the dlog P50/dpH slope at constant PCO2 or at constant base
      excess. Both results also agree with previous studies with normal sea-level
      blood. Thus earlier claims of an increased Bohr in Peruvian high-altitude natives
      is not supported.

PMID- 4048671
TI  - H+ and Cl- ion equilibrium across the red cell membrane in the carp.
AB  - H2O and electrolyte distribution were studied in carp erythrocytes at various pH
      values achieved by CO2/O2 equilibration in vitro. Intracellular pH was measured
      by means of glass electrode and by DMO-14C. rH+, rCl- and rDMO- varied linearly
      and in a comparable manner with pHe. At pHe = 7.8, rH+, rCl- and rDMO- were 0.21,
      0.29 and 0.30. rCl- and rDMO- were closely correlated and exhibited only minor
      differences. rH+ was closely correlated with rCl- and rDMO-, but was, however,
      significantly lower than rCl- or rDMO-. This difference is considered to be due
      to a systematic error of the glass electrode when used in highly concentrated
      protein solutions. The coulometric determination of chloride in packed red cells
      is shown to be highly susceptible to protein. The results are consistent with the
      assumption that H+ and Cl- ions are passively distributed across the red cell
      membrane.

PMID- 4048672
TI  - Acute exposure of rainbow trout to mild and deep hypoxia: O2 affinity and O2
      capacitance of arterial blood.
AB  - Respiratory properties and pH of blood were followed during acute exposure of
      rainbow trout to three levels of environmental hypoxia at 15 degrees C. In a
      first stage, the blood oxygen affinity was preserved (mild hypoxia, PwO2 = 60 mm
      Hg) or slightly increased (deep hypoxia, PwO2 = 35 mm Hg), despite a simultaneous
      drop in arterial pH within the first 5-10 min. This is possibly caused by a
      catecholamine induced increase in red cell pH. The second stage showed for the
      mild hypoxia group a temporary increase in affinity followed by a recovery within
      60 min, correlating with the changes in arterial pH. The deep hypoxia group,
      however, further increased the blood oxygen affinity, due to a rapid decrease in
      the ATP:Hb4 and GTP:Hb4 molar ratios within the following 1-2 h. This was
      associated with a complete pH recovery. Very deep hypoxia (PwO2 = 30 mm Hg)
      furthermore elicited a 20% increase in blood hemoglobin concentration within 20
      min. This group showed a more pronounced drop in blood pH, without a complete
      recovery. Calculated values of the arterial blood oxygen capacitance, beta bO2,
      are discussed in the context of the very different responses of trouts acutely
      subjected to mild and deep hypoxia, respectively.

PMID- 4048673
TI  - Effect of respiratory apparatus on timing and depth of breathing in man.
AB  - The effects on breathing of (1) nose-clips, with and without mouthpieces, (2)
      tube breathing with incremental dead spaces up to 600 ml, and (3) a Venturi mask
      with a high air inflow reducing the effective dead space to zero were measured
      with respiratory inductance plethysmography. The effective dead spaces of the
      lengths of tubing were 25% smaller than their water-displacement volumes. The
      principal response to the increase in dead space was an increase in VT without
      any change in frequency or timing. The increase in VE was 16% greater than the
      ventilation of the effective dead space. The facemask with a high flow of air did
      not affect the pattern of breathing. External devices alone (nose-clips,
      mouthpieces) by themselves brought about a significant increase in VT (+10%, P
      less than 0.05) and a small drop in frequency, which in the case of a nose-clip
      alone was large enough to be significant (-15%, P less than 0.05). The increase
      in DS with the change from nasal to oral breathing may have contributed to the
      accompanying increase in VT; the fall in frequency with the nose-clip alone might
      have been caused by stimulation of receptors in the trigeminal area.

PMID- 4048674
TI  - Anatomical variations in relations of stapes and facial canal which affect
      surgery of otosclerosis.

PMID- 4048675
TI  - The hypotympanum.

PMID- 4048676
TI  - A study of the so-called laminar structures of the ciliated cells of the organ of
      Corti.

PMID- 4048677
TI  - [Embryomorphodynamic approach to an isolated malformation of the stapes. Apropos
      of an anatomo-clinical case].

PMID- 4048678
TI  - Sarcoma of the temporal bone: report of a case.

PMID- 4048679
TI  - Nasal "glioma" in an aged woman presenting with liquoral rhinorrhea.

PMID- 4048680
TI  - [Auditory complications after spinal anesthesia].

PMID- 4048681
TI  - The healing pattern of experimental heat myringotomy.

PMID- 4048682
TI  - [Agenesis of the major salivary glands and ectodermal dysplasia].

PMID- 4048683
TI  - [Cervicofacial cellulitis and gas gangrene. Apropos of 6 cases].

PMID- 4048684
TI  - [Does an ideal treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer exist?].

PMID- 4048685
TI  - [Renal lithiasis: the technological explosion].

PMID- 4048686
TI  - [Dermatopolymyositis during desensitization with candidin].
AB  - A dermatopolymyositis observation is reported. An urticaria has preceded the
      dermatopolymyositis and has been treated by a desensitivity procedure. The
      possible connection between this treatment and the dermatopolymyositis occurring
      is debated. This observation gives the opportunity to point out the importance of
      a thorough knowledge of the phenomena involved by such a treatment.

PMID- 4048687
TI  - [Acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency and lymphoproliferative syndromes].
AB  - About 20 cases of acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency have been reported in
      association with malignant lymphomas. We describe 3 such patients. The 3 patients
      studied were asymptomatic and had low C1q level. Danazol administration resulted
      in an increase of C1 esterase inhibitor in 2 patients. The complement activation
      in acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency could be explained by interaction
      with pathological cells of the spleen, the blood or the bone-marrow. The
      mechanism of decrease of C1 INH is discussed.

PMID- 4048688
TI  - [Bacteriologic surveillance of patients with infectious endocarditis. Value and
      limitations of the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration and serum
      bactericidal activity].
AB  - This is a retrospective study of the records of 17 patients who suffered from
      infectious endocarditis with positive blood cultures, and concerns the
      possibilities of predicting immediate infectious signs in patients:--by testing
      each of the antibiotics used for the minimal inhibitory concentration;--by
      determining the peak of the serum bactericidal activity of patients. All the
      patients were under observation, as outpatients, for more than a year and proved
      completely cured of their infectious endocarditis. A satisfactory minimal
      inhibitory concentration does not necessarily prevent an infectious evolution in
      the immediate future. The determination of the peak serum bactericidal activity
      does not reflect faithfully and instantaneously the anti-infectious action of the
      treatment; this is shown by the excellent and rapid evolution 13 times out 20
      although serum bactericidal activity was considered insufficient (less than 1/8).
      This level of 1/8 is not a guarantee of therapeutic efficiency. Finally the
      antiinfectious treatment has been, in the majority of cases, determined by
      clinical signs and in very few cases by serum bactericidal activity results.

PMID- 4048689
TI  - [Blood cadmium and plasma zinc in hypertensive patients. Apropos of 76 cases].
AB  - Changes in total blood cadmium level (CdT), in blood plasma Zinc level (ZnP) and
      in CdT/ZnP ratio were studied in 39 hypertensive patients compared to 37 healthy
      subjects. The hypertensive patients were caracterized by a higher CdT level (p
      less than 10(-5)), a lower ZnP level (p less than 10(-7)) and a higher CdT/ZnP
      ratio (p less than 10(-7)). A negative correlation was found between CdT and ZnP,
      and between blood pressure values (systolic and diastolic) and ZnP. A positive
      correlation was found between blood pressure values and CdT, and therefore
      CdT/ZnP ratio.

PMID- 4048690
TI  - [Thrombocytosis and thrombocythemia].

PMID- 4048691
TI  - [Characteristics of primary hyperparathyroidism in the elderly. Review of the
      literature].

PMID- 4048692
TI  - [Perihepatitis and lupus disease].

PMID- 4048693
TI  - [Sarcoma of the heart. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - Sarcoma of the heart is a very rare condition. We present here two cases with
      very different clinical expression. The first patient, a 15-year old girl,
      presented with extremely severe ventricular arrhythmia, whereas the second
      patient, a 63-year old woman, mainly had signs of congestive cardiac failure. A
      diagnosis of cardiac tumour was made in the first case on the basis of
      ultrasonographic results which clearly showed the tumour developed from the walls
      of the left ventricle. In the second case, the tumour involved the right
      ventricular wall, the deformation of which was undetected by ultrasounds and only
      suspected at angiography. Both patients died rapidly, and the diagnosis of
      sarcoma was confirmed at post-mortem examination.

PMID- 4048694
TI  - [Hemorrhagic complication caused by hypoprothrombinemia due to latamoxef].

PMID- 4048695
TI  - [Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in the alcoholic cirrhotic patient].

PMID- 4048696
TI  - [Another cause of enteropathic rheumatism: collagenous colitis].

PMID- 4048697
TI  - [Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome and monoclonal immunoglobulin].

PMID- 4048698
TI  - [Association of atrophic polychondritis and necrotizing vasculitis with
      glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 4048699
TI  - [Anatomo-clinical study and treatment of a mucous retention cyst of the vocal
      cord].

PMID- 4048700
TI  - [The significance of computerized tomography in the diagnosis and follow-up of
      paranasal sinus malignancies].

PMID- 4048701
TI  - [Tympanic membrane symptomatology].

PMID- 4048702
TI  - [Appearance and treatment of cancer of the thyroid gland].

PMID- 4048703
TI  - [Proctological disorders and pregnancy].

PMID- 4048704
TI  - [The role of adjuvant radiotherapy in rectal and rectosigmoid cancer].

PMID- 4048705
TI  - [Ambulatory surgery in phlebology].

PMID- 4048706
TI  - Day-care surgery at the Western General Hospital, Edinburgh.

PMID- 4048707
TI  - [Contraindications for ambulatory surgery in rural areas].

PMID- 4048708
TI  - [Medicolegal implications of ambulatory surgery].

PMID- 4048709
TI  - [Hospital management and ambulatory surgery].

PMID- 4048710
TI  - [Ambulatory surgery in social insurance, especially its reimbursement].

PMID- 4048711
TI  - [Tachycardia with wide QRS complex].

PMID- 4048712
TI  - [Pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients].

PMID- 4048713
TI  - [Kidney insufficiency following rhabdomyolysis].

PMID- 4048714
TI  - [Bacterial meningitis].

PMID- 4048715
TI  - [Toxic shock syndrome].

PMID- 4048716
TI  - [Chlamydia infections in gastroenterology].

PMID- 4048717
TI  - [Indications and use of penicillins].

PMID- 4048718
TI  - [Antibiotic therapy of bacterial meningitis: principles and practical
      recommendations].

PMID- 4048719
TI  - [Anal fistulas].

PMID- 4048720
TI  - [Symptomatology and differential diagnosis of perianal and perineal
      suppurations].

PMID- 4048721
TI  - [Late complications following anal fistula operations].

PMID- 4048722
TI  - [Perianal and perineal skin lesions as a consequence of proctological diseases].

PMID- 4048723
TI  - [Present status of ethnopsychiatry in clinical and preventive medicine].

PMID- 4048724
TI  - [Causal treatment of Hymenoptera sting allergy. Clinical experiences and
      serologic control (specific IgE- and IG-antibodies) during hyposensitization with
      bee and wasp venoms].

PMID- 4048725
TI  - [Experience with long-term studies of patients after radical surgery for
      bronchial carcinoma].

PMID- 4048726
TI  - [Prevention of invalidism: the role of the physician].

PMID- 4048727
TI  - [Mediastinal widening].

PMID- 4048728
TI  - [Cerebral blood flow and meningeal hemorrhage. An aid to the surgical decision].
AB  - One hundred and eleven measurements of cerebral blood flow (C.B.F.) were
      performed using the Xenon 133 inhalation method in 80 cases of spontaneous
      subarachnoid hemorrhage of which 59 were due to ruptured aneurysms. This method
      is non-traumatic, reproducible and dependable. A correlation was found between
      clinical condition and C.B.F. values, but in a number of cases which cannot be
      dismissed, very low mean C.B.F. values or ischemic foci were revealed where
      clinical state gave no indication. A poor correlation appeared between vasospasm
      seen by angiography and ischemic foci detected by isotopic technique. Patients'
      age influenced C.B.F. values but not clinical evolution. No correlation was found
      between C.B.F. values and cisternal blood seen on CT scan. C.B.F. values,
      measured in the first two weeks of illness, were significantly higher in those
      patients having favorable outcome, whatever their clinical state at the time of
      C.B.F. measurement (comas excluded). The figure of 60 ml/100 g/min for mean
      cortical flow seemed to be a critical level below which the risk of complication
      was greater. Below this level or in cases or ischemic foci, surgery was delayed.
      Thus, C.B.F. measurement promises to be a valuable prognostic tool, playing an
      important role in the therapeutic strategy for this type of patients.

PMID- 4048729
TI  - [Primary reading epilepsy. 11 cases].
AB  - Eleven cases of primary reading epilepsy are reported. They confirm Bickford's
      description. These patients were otherwise normal. A family history of seizures
      was present in 6 cases. The first seizure occurred between 12 and 25 years. After
      a variable period of reading all patients developed a tightness and jerking in
      throat and jaw muscles. In 4 cases, occasionally, speaking could cause jaw or
      throat jerks. Whilst reading out loud or silently (exclusively in reading aloud
      in 1 patient) bilateral discharges were recorded in EEG, sometimes on the left
      hemisphere. The mechanisms are discussed. Seizures in primary reading epilepsy
      are facilitated by saccadic eye movements, impulse language muscles and mental
      concentration. The role of higher integrating systems of language is emphasized.
      Therapy is discussed.

PMID- 4048730
TI  - [Chronic pain and syringomyelic slit of the posterior horns of the spinal cord].
AB  - Two male patients 46 and 44 y.o. respectively, were admitted for a syndrome of
      chronic pain characterized by: sudden onset, spontaneous or following spasmodic
      coughing, of an anterior hemithoracic pain slowly progressing to involve several
      unilateral cervicothoracic dermatomes, a continuous burning sensation made worse
      by light touch, limb movements and cold water, and partially relieved by warm
      water or deep palpation. On examination, patient 1 revealed no sensorimotor
      deficit after repeated observations during 8 years. At autopsy, a syrinx
      localized at the cord segments corresponding to the symptoms was found without
      documentation of specific causal factors. It involved the posterior horn of the
      cord selectively. In patient 2, pain was associated with slight hypesthesia to
      pinprick and heat from C2 to T5 on the left without motor deficit since 18
      months. A high resolution C.A.T. scan showed an intramedullary cavity 0.3 cm from
      the midline in the projection of the posterior horn without anomalies at the
      cervicomedullary junction. These observations link chronic pain syndromes with
      predominantly posterior horn lesions, which so far have failed to respond to
      conventional therapeutic measures.

PMID- 4048731
TI  - [Ocular and head movements in infarctions of the thalamic region].
AB  - Oculomotor disorders in 22 infarctions in the thalamic region are recorded.
      Clinical examination and electro-oculography (17 cases) showed that paramedian
      thalamo-subthalamic lesions were responsible for clear deficits: upgaze paralysis
      and in some cases downgaze paralysis, partial paresis of the oculomotor nerve,
      deficits of lateral eye movements, myosis, paralysis of head flexion combined
      with downgaze paralysis. Postero-median choroid artery infarction was associated
      with upgaze paresis, slight deficit of lateral eye movements and myosis. Postero
      lateral choroid artery infarction resulted in a partial visual field defect and
      in some cases, a contralateral hypometria; myosis was slight and inconstant.
      Infarctions of the internal capsule (anterior choroid artery, deep branches of
      the middle cerebral artery) were associated with a deficit of contralateral
      saccades. Ocular pursuit, when possible, was often saccadic, whatever the site of
      the infarction. This prevailed with gaze towards the lesion side.

PMID- 4048732
TI  - [The L-dopa test in Parkinson's disease].
AB  - Seventy parkinsonian patients (mean age: 59.6 +/- 1.2 years; duration of disease:
      9 +/- 0.6 years) with severe fluctuations of disability under L-Dopa treatment
      received a single dose of L-Dopa (200 mg + benserazide, a peripheral
      decarboxylase inhibitor) after 24-72 h interruption of treatment. The delay and
      duration of action of a single dose of L-Dopa, and the percentage of improvement
      of the parkinsonian symptoms were 39 +/- 2 and 162 +/- 6 minutes, and 57 +/- 2 p.
      100 respectively. Estimation of the difference between the basal parkinsonian
      score and the score during maximum clinical improvement under levodopa treatment,
      and the score under levodopa treatment may reflect the severity of dopaminergic
      and of non dopaminergic lesions in the brain respectively. Modification of the
      treatment to obtain continuous clinical improvement can be performed according to
      the delay and duration of action of a single dose of L-Dopa.

PMID- 4048733
TI  - [Late syringomyelobulbia complicating spinal cord injury. Improvement after
      syringoperitoneal shunt].
AB  - A patient suffered from paraplegia of T-10 level at age 29, and he complained of
      new symptoms in the upper limbs at age 42. Gradual ascending worsening occurred,
      and the diagnosis of post-traumatic syringomyelobulbia was made 23 years after
      the initial accident. CT scan with metrizamide transit at the medulla level
      confirmed the diagnosis. Definite clinical improvement was seen after syringo
      peritoneal shunting. Clinical, radiological and therapeutic aspects are briefly
      discussed.

PMID- 4048734
TI  - Developmental course of nighttime sleep-wake patterns in full-term and premature
      infants during the first year of life. I.
AB  - Two groups of infants (40 normal full-term, 24 prematurely born infants) were
      matched on conceptional age and were studied at seven ages during the first year
      of life. All-night time-lapse video somnography was obtained n the home at 2, 4,
      8, 20, 24, 36, and 52 weeks of age. The developmental course of sleep-wake state
      proportions, sleep onset indices, and special variables assessing temporal
      organization are compared. Age-appropriate developmental norms for sleep-wake
      state assessment during the first year of life are presented, using video
      somnography. In general, sleep-wake state ontogenesis is comparable in the two
      groups. The premature group is more variable from one age to the next, even
      though both groups demonstrate significant individual stability of some sleep
      wake variables over the first year of life.

PMID- 4048735
TI  - Sleep-wake state organization, neonatal assessment and development in premature
      infants during the first year of life. II.
AB  - Twenty four premature infants were evaluated in their homes at seven ages during
      the first year of life to determine whether sleep-wake state organization was
      related to either neonatal assessment or short-term developmental outcome
      measures. A model assessing environmental and biological influences on the
      maturational course of selected sleep-wake state parameters was also evaluated.
      Sleep-wake state variables and neonatal assessment items were related to each
      other, and both predicted developmental quotients at 6 months and 1 year of age.
      Concordance was present primarily in the domain of motor activities. Waking motor
      behaviors and motor activity in sleep seem to independently reflect an infant's
      level of developmental organization. Individual sleep-wake state variables were
      influenced by both biological and environmental factors during maturation. The
      developmental course of quiet sleep is primarily biologically determined, as
      evidenced by its relationship to the infant's birth status (gestational age or
      birth weight); the infant's behavior that results in being taken from the crib
      during the night, and the course of his/her sleep that occurs between midnight
      and morning are dependent on both biological factors (perhaps infant
      irritability), and post-birth experiences (perhaps the caregiver's response to
      infant irritability). The course of active sleep and wakefulness are dependent
      solely on environmental influences, and not on maturity at birth.

PMID- 4048736
TI  - Sleep loss in elderly volunteers.
AB  - Sleep, performance, and sleepiness were assessed in 10 elderly volunteers (8
      women, 2 men; aged 61-77 years) before, during, and after 38 h of sleep loss.
      Recovery night 1 sleep showed increased total sleep and stages 3 and 4 sleep and
      decreased stage 1 sleep, wakefulness, brief arousals, and latency to stages 3 and
      4 sleep. An increase in stage 4 sleep persisted to the second recovery night.
      Increased arousal threshold was suggested by a lengthening of respiratory events
      and a reduction in arousals associated with leg movements. Performance was
      impaired during sleep loss, associated with an increased tendency to fall asleep.
      Reported sleepiness increased, except in three subjects who denied sleepiness.
      Latency to sleep onset declined. All measures returned to basal values after a
      night of sleep. Sleep in one volunteer failed to respond to sleep loss. With this
      exception, the response was similar to that reported in younger volunteers,
      although shorter-lived.

PMID- 4048737
TI  - Birth stress and self-reported sleep difficulty.
AB  - Difficulty in falling asleep and frequency of night wakenings were assessed in
      1,272 college-aged individuals for whom birth histories (based on retrospective
      maternal reports) were available. A history of birth complications was associated
      with reports of sleep difficulties as an infant. Birth stressors, such as breech
      birth, prolonged labor, low birth weight, and multiple births, were predictive of
      disrupted sleep patterns in the young adult.

PMID- 4048738
TI  - Progesterone levels and sleep-related breathing during menstrual cycles of normal
      women.
AB  - The respiratory stimulant effect of progesterone has been known for many years
      and has led to the hypothesis that this hormone protects young, premenopausal
      women from disordered breathing and apnea during sleep. Therefore, sleep,
      breathing, and gonadal hormone parameters were evaluated for 11 normal,
      menstruating women during times of high and low progesterone levels. No sleep or
      breathing parameter changed significantly with varying levels of progesterone.
      Although normal women show a significant change in progesterone levels across the
      course of the menstrual cycle, the levels achieved did not produce significant
      changes in breathing parameters.

PMID- 4048739
TI  - Are microarousals preceded by electroencephalographic slow wave synchronization
      precursors of confusional awakenings?
AB  - The number of microarousals preceded by electroencephalographic (EEG) slow wave
      synchronization (MAS) and the number not preceded by EEG slow wave
      synchronization (K-complexes and/or delta groups) (MA) were analyzed during the
      first night of sleep in nine young patients with somnambulism and/or sleep
      terrors and in eight age- and sex-matched controls. While MAs peaked in REM ad
      intermediate sleep, MASs appeared as a phenomenon of NREM sleep, peaking in stage
      2. The number of MASs was significantly greater in all stages of NREM sleep in
      the patient group, but number and distribution of MAs did not differ between the
      two groups. In the patient group, the MASs occurred in slow wave sleep (stages 3
      4 of each sleep cycle); in controls, MASs occurred infrequently. MASs were
      frequently associated with automatic chewing movements. The higher frequency of
      microarousals in the patient group did not result in an increase in time awake
      during the night. The increase in number of microarousals supports Broughton's
      hypothesis of the presence of some "arousal disorder" in somnambulism and/or
      sleep terrors. MASs may be predictive markers of ensuing confusional awakenings.

PMID- 4048740
TI  - Sleep, dreaming, and adaptation to a stressful intellectual activity.
AB  - Sixteen male subjects slept in the laboratory for 4 consecutive nights. Night 1
      was an adaptation night and night 2 was a baseline night of uninterrupted sleep.
      On nights 3 and 4 subjects were asked to complete "intelligence" tests prior to
      sleep. One half of the subjects attempted to complete difficult versions of
      "intelligence" tests without knowing that they could not be completed in te time
      allotted. The other subjects were given easier versions of the same tests that
      they were able to complete in the time allotted. Night 3 was a night of
      uninterrupted sleep and night 4 involved REM period awakenings for the purpose of
      dream collection. Stressful manipulation consisted of telling the subjects before
      the administration of either set of tests that an average university student
      should complete most of the items within the allotted time. On night 3 both
      groups showed a significant increase in sleep latency and a significant decrease
      in REM density compared to the baseline night. On night 4 subjects in the
      difficult condition experienced significantly more anxiety in their dreams and
      somewhat higher levels of incorporation of the presleep material than subjects in
      the easy condition. Our findings suggest that following a stressful experience
      uninterrupted sleep has more short term adaptive value than a procedure which
      enhances dream recall and that subjects who incorporate elements from a presleep
      stressful event into their remembered dreams show less adaptation on awakening
      than subjects who do not.

PMID- 4048741
TI  - Control of blood pressure during sleep in lambs.
AB  - We investigated the effect of sleep on blood pressure control in seven lambs aged
      10-14 days. Each lamb had previously been anesthetized and instrumented for
      measurements of electrocorticogram, electron-oculogram, nuchal and diaphragm
      electromyograms, pulmonary blood flow (electromagnetic flow transducer), and
      aortic and pulmonic blood pressure. The lambs were allowed to recover from
      surgery at least 3 days before they were studied. Measurements were made at the
      highest and lowest mean aortic pressure during quiet wakefulness, quiet sleep,
      and active sleep. The lowest values of mean aortic pressure progressively
      decreased as the animals went from quiet wakefulness to quiet sleep to active
      sleep. Mean aortic pressure was most variable during active sleep. During active
      sleep, transient hypertensive episodes were superimposed upon a tonic hypotensive
      phase. During the transient hypertensive episodes in active sleep, changes in
      mean aortic pressure were primarily caused by an increase in systemic vascular
      resistance rather than by changes in cardiac output. Heart rate was always lower
      during active sleep than during quiet wakefulness or quiet sleep. These results
      provide evidence that sleep state has a marked influence on blood pressure
      control in lambs.

PMID- 4048742
TI  - Statistical description and evaluation of the interrelationships of standard
      sleep variables for normal subjects.
AB  - This study explores the relationships between the standard sleep variables,
      particularly between those of NREM and REM sleep. A total of 399 nights of sleep
      was recorded in 147 adults who had no known pathology. This amount of data
      allowed for an accurate description of the generally nonnormal variable
      distributions and established the relative predominance of the intra- over the
      interindividual variability. Most correlations between variables were low,
      showing that there is little redundancy in the choice of variables. The
      relationships between stage 2 and 4 of NREM and REM sleep and between sleep
      stages and wakefulness were statistically significant. We found that a short
      latency of stage 2 predicted a sleep of poorer quality than did a longer latency
      and confirmed that stage 2 has a central role in transition between stages.
      Finally, there was an association between the variables describing sleep
      stability and those describing cyclic organization and sleep efficiency. However,
      it cannot be determined from these data whether teh relationship is causaL or
      permissive. In addition, these results suggest that further work on cycle
      structure is required and that future experiments should incorporate a larger
      number of observed nights per individual.

PMID- 4048743
TI  - Effects of body heating during sleep interruption.
AB  - This study assessed the effects that elevating body temperature had on sleep
      structure in the third and fourth sleep cycles, cycles typically characterized by
      a high propensity for REM sleep and diminished levels of delta amplitude and
      incidence. The sleep of eight women and two men was interrupted for 30 min on
      each of 3 consecutive nights following an undisturbed adaptation night. The
      subjects were awakened each night following the end of the second REM sleep
      period. On 2 nights, subjects were immersed to midthorax in water at either 34
      degrees C (TW condition) or 41 degrees C (HW condition) for 20 min. A third
      interruption without immersion (NW condition) was performed to provide a second
      type of baseline condition. The HW condition induced a mean tympanic temperature
      rise of 2.5 degrees C, that returned to baseline levels in approximately 60 min.
      Analysis of sleep patterns focused on the two sleep cycles following
      interruption. The mean of the two baseline conditions (TW + NW/2) was compared
      with the HW condition. Sleep onset latency, REM latency, REM duration, and eye
      movement activity in REM were unaffected by heating. Heating evoked increases in
      both total NREM and slow wave sleep, though these increases were delayed until
      the second cycle following sleep onset (i.e., appearing in the fourth, but not
      the third, NREM period). These were paralleled by increases in two objective
      measures of delta activity: integrated slow-wave amplitude (33% increase) and
      slow-wave density (10% increase).

PMID- 4048744
TI  - Polysomnographic telemetry using Telediagnostic and Oxford Medilog 9000 systems.
AB  - Sleep was recorded in 24 normal adult sleepers (21-42 years of age) for 4
      consecutive nights (2 nights in the laboratory and 2 nights in the home
      environment) using one of two commercially available telemetry systems, either
      the Telediagnostic or the Oxford Medilog 9000. Modifications to each system were
      necessary to approximate standard laboratory techniques for polysomnography. With
      comparability in recording techniques between systems, there were no qualitative
      or quantitative differences in standard electroencephalogram sleep parameters
      recorded in either the home or laboratory environment.

PMID- 4048745
TI  - Somnofluoroscopy: cineradiographic observation of obstructive sleep apnea.
AB  - Systematic cineradiographic observation of the upper airway with simultaneous
      polysomnography, termed somnofluoroscopy, was performed for a relatively large
      sample of obstructive sleep apnea patients. These observations suggest that (a)
      the site of upper airway occlusion may be oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, or both;
      (b) upper airway dynamics appear to be consistent within a given patient and
      variable among patients; and (c) a passive mechanism results in occlusion rather
      than active muscular contraction. Somnofluoroscopy is a relatively simple
      procedure that may be helpful in the selection of treatment for individual sleep
      apnea patients.

PMID- 4048746
TI  - [Apparently primary thoracic hemangiopericytoma. Apropos of 12 cases].
AB  - Twelve cases of apparently primary thoracic hemangiopericytoma are reported: 7
      intrapulmonary and 5 extrapulmonary. These cases, taken together with 75 others
      already published, serve as a basis to describe the characteristics of thoracic
      hemangiopericytomas. Intrapulmonary forms raise the problem of a single
      peripheral X-ray lesion, often detected in a routine film, with no accompanying
      endoscopic abnormality. Extrapulmonary forms also take the form of a well defined
      tumor with diaphragmatic or mediastinal parietal connections. Up to the present,
      the diagnosis has always been made at thoracotomy. It is probable that a
      preoperative diagnosis will be possible in the future by transbronchial biopsy.
      Silver stains and the use of the electron microscope form the basis of
      histological diagnosis. However it is not possible to distinguish by histology
      between benign and malignant forms, nor between primary or metastatic
      hemangiopericytomas. It is for this reason that doubt will long persist as to the
      primary nature of the tumor and only prolonged survival of patients after
      excision confirms that the lesion was indeed primary. Treatment is essentially
      surgical. New high energy radiotherapy techniques and new possibilities in
      chemotherapy (using adriamycin) should improve the prognosis in those forms which
      run a malignant course. However the standard therapeutic strategy for these rare
      tumors has yet to be defined.

PMID- 4048747
TI  - [Cervical tracheogenic air cyst. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - The authors report 2 cases of gas-containing cervical cysts. Surgical excision by
      cervicotomy showed that both of these well-defined cysts were attached to the
      right border of the cervical trachea by a blind "pseudo-pedicle" and were lined
      with respiratory-type epithelium. These were 2 tracheogenic cysts, analogous to
      bronchogenic cysts theoretically linked to an abnormality in the development of
      the bronchial buds during embryogenesis. These two cases were exceptional not
      only by virtue of their cervical site, but also the fact that they contained air
      and occurred in already old women.

PMID- 4048748
TI  - [Bronchopulmonary hamartochondroma (apropos of 136 cases, including a homogeneous
      series of 124 cases). Review of the literature].
AB  - On the basis of a series of 136 hamartochondromas, the largest ever published,
      the authors review the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of
      bronchopulmonary hamartochondromas. After describing their pathological study,
      particular attention is paid to the controversial pathogenesis of these tumors
      before dealing with therapeutic aspects. Review of the literature.

PMID- 4048749
TI  - [Healthy subjects with malignant cells in their sputum. Apropos of 60 cases].
AB  - Sixty cases of occult carcinoma of the lung are described. A distinction is made
      between "revealed cases" (23 cases) in which the carcinoma revealed itself within
      5 months after the first cytological findings, and true occult carcinomas (37
      cases) in which lesions developed within 5 months to 8 years after the first
      positive cytology. Mean survival in the "revealed cases" was 13 months. It was 51
      months for true occult lung carcinomas and 68.5 months for occult carcinomas
      treated by chemotherapy starting at the time of discovery of malignant cells in
      the sputum. The method of choice is selective bronchial aspirates and brushings
      after repeated sputum cytology which allows for localization of the lesion and
      early surgery.

PMID- 4048750
TI  - [Acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema during resection of a bladder
      paraganglioma (pheochromocytoma)].
AB  - The onset of non-cardiogenic acute pulmonary oedema during resection of a vesical
      paraganglioma is reported. Such oedema may be caused by the intravascular
      injection of massive doses of catecholamines in the animal. Aetiopathogenic
      mechanisms are suggested on the basis of experimental data.

PMID- 4048751
TI  - [Iatrogenic pneumothorax after puncture of the breast].
AB  - The authors describe a very rare aetiology of iatrogenic pneumothorax occurring
      during breast puncture for cytology. They review the principal origins of
      iatrogenic pneumothorax and describe the composition of the chest wall beneath
      the breast.

PMID- 4048752
TI  - [Comparative clinical trial of cefoperazone versus ampicillin + tobramycin in
      severe bronchopulmonary and pleural infectious pathology].
AB  - This study involved an open trial with parallel randomised series receiving
      either cefoperazone (2 g/d) or a combination of ampicillin (6 g/d) and tobramycin
      (3 to 4 mg/kg/d). The 30 patients included were of both sexes (male
      predominance), hospitalised, aged 62 +/- 11,5 years and suffering from a severe
      bronchopulmonary or pleural infection. Underlying pathology was serious
      (neoplasm, C.O.D.L., bronchiectasis, cardiac pathology). No significant
      difference was seen in the sampling of the two populations. Cefoperazone was
      prescribed in 2 infusions per 24 hours. Ampicillin was given as 3 infusions,
      followed by tobramycin administered by a similar number of injections. The
      duration of treatment was 16.8 +/- 9 days (cefoperazone) and 11,8 +/- 6,5 days
      (ampicillin + tobramycin). Overall evaluation (clinical, radiological and
      laboratory criteria) showed 88% (cefoperazone group) and 71% (ampicillin +
      tobramycin group) recovery and improvement rates. There were two failures in the
      cefoperazone group and 6 failures in the other group. These results were not
      statistically different. Three of the 6 failures could be attributed to
      resistance of the initial bacteria or selected by one or other type of treatment.
      None of the antibiotics prescribed raised any acceptability problems.

PMID- 4048753
TI  - [Metabolic traits of Plesiomonas shigelloides strains isolated from children with
      acute enteritis].

PMID- 4048754
TI  - [Background factors implicated in the evolution of bacterial septicemias and
      pneumonias].

PMID- 4048755
TI  - [New complement inhibitors; synthetic and natural products].

PMID- 4048756
TI  - [Pulmonary and hepatic hydatidosis in children].

PMID- 4048757
TI  - The visual analogue scale: its use in pain measurement.
AB  - Use of pain rating scales, especially the visual analogue scale (VAS), has
      increased dramatically in the last decade. Consideration of the VAS in terms of
      its physical structure and the patient's behaviour when confronted with the
      scale, casts doubt on its validity. It is non-linear and prone to bias which
      limits its use as a serial measure of pain severity. Measuring pain intensity
      alone imposes further limitations. The McGill Pain Questionnaire measuring
      several dimensions of pain appears to be a better alternative.

PMID- 4048758
TI  - Matrix depletion of young and old human articular cartilage by cultured
      autologous synovium fragments: a chondrocyte-independent effect.
AB  - Human articular cartilage of different ages was cultured for 8 days and
      proteoglycan (PG) release into the medium was measured. Retinol and synovial co
      culture increased the PG release of cartilage of all ages. The effect of retinol
      was dose-dependent. Synovium increased also the PG release of dead cartilage,
      whereas retinol did not. The increased PG release by synovial co-culture is
      therefore mainly the result of synovial enzymes acting directly on the matrix
      rather than of a factor inducing chondrocyte-mediated breakdown.

PMID- 4048759
TI  - A new assay for IgG rheumatoid factor activity and its use to analyse rheumatoid
      factor reactivity with human IgG isotypes.
AB  - A new assay for IgGRF activity is described which employs human IgGFc as the
      antigen and a radiolabelled monoclonal antibody directed against human IgG (CHI
      domain) as the developing antibody. Using this assay IgGRF activity against human
      IgG isotypes was measured and most sera from RA patients were shown to react
      predominantly with IgG1 and IgG2 but few reacted with IgG3 and IgG4. The same
      sera were tested for IgMRF to the IgG isotypes. IgG2 was the best antigen, IgG1
      and IgG4 were less so and reactivity with IgG3 was the lowest. IgGRF without
      associated IgMRF was obtained, its specificity compared to that of IgMRF, and
      found to be broadly similar. With the new assay high levels of serum IgGRF were
      found in those RA patients with extraarticular disease but not in RA patients
      with synovitis alone.

PMID- 4048760
TI  - Cryoglobulins in cases of rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Clinically diagnosed cases with different grades of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
      were studied for (a) cryoglobulin content (b) constituents of cryoglobulins, and
      (c) rheumatoid factor (RF) titers in sera and cryoglobulins. Of 60 patients, 28
      (46.66%) had significantly high levels of cryoglobulins and were mainly
      distributed in the severe group. Significant amounts of IgG and IgM were found in
      the cryoglobulins of the 15 cases of RA studied. Ten of these cases had
      detectable C3 in their cryoglobulins. Of 20 cases of RA, 10 had detectable levels
      of RF in their cryoglobulins, as shown by the latex agglutination method. There
      was no significant correlation between the RF titers of cryoglobulins and the RF
      titers in the corresponding sera or the quantity of IgM and IgG components in
      them. Since the RF titer in cryoglobulin seemed to indicate the severity of the
      disease, the use of this parameter is proposed for diagnosis and prognosis of RA.

PMID- 4048761
TI  - Tuberculous spondylitis: a cause for paraplegia in lupus.

PMID- 4048762
TI  - Bilateral deep infrapatellar bursitis associated with tibial tuberosity
      enthesopathy in a case of juvenile ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - A case of bilateral deep infrapatellar bursitis is reported in a 19-year-old man
      suffering from juvenile ankylosing spondylitis and surgically treated for
      bilateral tibial tuberosity enthesopathy. In addition to erosive non-specific
      bone remodelling the excised specimens showed, in the bursa, synovial layer
      hyperplasia with mild subintimal inflammatory cell infiltration, i.e. changes
      similar to those of synovitis in ankylosing spondylitis. The respective roles of
      the inflammatory "terrain" and of local shearing stress are discussed.

PMID- 4048763
TI  - Primary Sjogren's syndrome treated with Efamol/efavit. A double-blind cross-over
      investigation.

PMID- 4048764
TI  - Profiles of induced tumors in animals.
AB  - Chemical carcinogens often induce neoplasms which differ qualitatively and
      quantitatively from tumors that occur spontaneously in the tissue of interest.
      While some experimental models have produced neoplasms indistinguishable from
      their spontaneous counterparts, most cause growths that are histogenetically or
      morphologically different, larger, more numerous, more aggressive, or of shorter
      latency. Induced tumors may occur in tissues where spontaneous tumors are
      uncommon. Cells of induced tumors may express phenotypic characteristics (e.g.,
      membrane antigens) not present in corresponding nonneoplastic or spontaneously
      neoplastic cells. Conversely, some characteristics present in normal or
      spontaneously neoplastic cells (e.g., certain enzyme activity) may be absent in
      induced neoplasms. Not only may carcinogens induce tumors that differ from
      spontaneous ones, but the effect or a particular carcinogen may vary with the
      condition of its use. The species of strain, sex, and age of the host as well as
      the dose and route of administration are major variables. Neoplasia is one result
      of altered cell regulation. If we postulate a central dogma for oncogenensis,
      induced tumors should arise from the same molecular mechanisms that produce
      spontaneous tumors. Differences in "profile" reside not in the ultimate
      mechanism, but in the events which surround it. They result from the myriad of
      factors which determine the dose of proximal carcinogen to the cell's sensitive
      volume, together with those that modify subsequent proliferation and
      differentiation.

PMID- 4048765
TI  - How does Japan differentiate hyperplasia from neoplasia?
AB  - A Japanese pathologist's contribution to the discussion of the problem on
      differentiation of hyperplasia from neoplasia is to introduce his experience and
      knowledge in human and experimental pathology of gastric, hepatic, and uterine
      cervical cancers, all of which are prevalent in Japan. Canine and rodent gastric
      cancers induced experimentally by N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or N-methyl
      N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, respectively, show different histologic types which
      are similar to human gastric cancer when examined routinely by endoscopic method.
      Dogs show more similarities to human gastric cancer than rats in the morphologic
      features and responses to chemotherapy. Serial liver biopsies performed on
      patients with liver diseases revealed the final stages of liver cell carcinoma in
      some of them. They all progressed to liver cirrhosis before terminating in
      carcinoma. However, this does not mean that the hyperplastic nodule is an
      obligatory precursor of carcinoma in human. Among experimental models of liver
      cancer produced by a large number of agents, only carbon tetrachloride and
      luteoskyrin seem to induce liver cell carcinoma combined with cirrhotic lesions
      in rodents. The mode of manifestation of atypical changes in the proliferating
      cells as preneoplastic or neoplastic lesions seems to differ according to tissue.
      The cellular pathology of cervicovaginal smears is a reliable index for detection
      of carcinoma in the cervix, where the appearance of atypical cells represents a
      landmark between benign and malignant tumors.

PMID- 4048766
TI  - Dose relationships in experimental carcinogenesis: dependence on multiple factors
      including biotransformation.
AB  - The probability of obtaining a tumor in a carcinogenesis bioassay depends mainly
      on the time on test and on the dose of carcinogen used. There is very limited
      data on the shape of this surface or reliable data on dose-response or time on
      test-response relationships. Ullrich's data on tumor induction by low dose
      radiation shows a variety of shapes of curve depending on the tissue chosen for
      investigation. As radiation probably does not concern the processes involved in
      xenobiotic metabolism, these observations clearly demonstrate that factors other
      than metabolism are important. An attempt is made to discuss the shape of the
      dose-response curve in relation to a number of factors including the background
      incidence of tumors in a tissue, mechanisms of "nongenotoxic" or toxicity-related
      carcinogenesis, and xenobiotic activation of carcinogens.

PMID- 4048767
TI  - The value and significance of life span and scheduled termination data in long
      term toxicity and carcinogenesis studies.
AB  - Consideration is given to the age association of lesions, the duration of long
      term toxicity and carcinogenesis studies, and to the value and significance of
      including scheduled termination in such long-term studies. There is now enough
      evidence that age and cancer are associated. It is argued that the increase in
      incidence of lesions with age has such disadvantages that extension of the
      duration of the long-term toxicity and carcinogenicity study beyond 2 years is
      not warranted in most cases. Incorporation of scheduled termination in long-term
      studies gives more insight into the biologic behavior of toxic lesions and cancer
      and may enable one to make a distinction between "incidental" and "fatal"
      lesions. This distinction may be important for the statistical evaluation of data
      from chemical carcinogenesis studies.

PMID- 4048768
TI  - Species, sex, and tissue specificity in toxicologic and proliferative responses.
AB  - Responsible regulatory decisions regarding the fate of new chemicals require
      careful evaluation of a host of health, economic, and social factors, in addition
      to a thorough evaluation of potential risks. In risk assessment, laboratory
      animals are used as human surrogates in testing for potential chemical effects
      since mammals are anatomically, physiologically, and biochemically similar and,
      in most cases, have similar responses to exogenous chemical, biologic, and
      physical agents (with differences in response usually quantitative rather than
      qualitative). Unfortunately for the sake of proper extrapolation to humans,
      qualitative differences do occur, resulting in species, sex, and/or tissue
      specificity in toxicologic/proliferative responses. Since the toxicologic
      pathologist is trained in comparative medicine he/she must play a primary role in
      recognizing and demonstrating specificities in tissue alteration of laboratory
      animals by new chemicals of potential importance to society. A model exemplifying
      the recognition and demonstration of species, sex, and tissue specificity of test
      substance response will be described. In this model a presumably unique
      alteration of male rat kidney occurred in response to a specific class of test
      substances. The decision tree in establishing specificity, as well as the nature
      of the test substances, will be described.

PMID- 4048769
TI  - Dilemma in diagnostic tumor pathology.

PMID- 4048770
TI  - Estimating human safety from animal tumor data. Third International Symposium of
      the Society of Toxicology Pathologists. Arlington, Virginia, May 14-16, 1984.

PMID- 4048771
TI  - Origins of human cancers.

PMID- 4048772
TI  - Prognostic role of cell morphology of animal tumors.
AB  - The purpose of this presentation is to determine the prognostic role of cellular
      morphology in animal neoplasia. With some exceptions, cellular morphology is the
      single most accurate predictor of the prospective behavior of neoplasms. There is
      generally a positive correlation between the degree of malignancy and prognosis.
      The exceptions are a) morphologically malignant-appearing tumors following a
      benign course (e.g., canine histiocytoma, canine seminoma, equine sarcoid) and b)
      morphologically differentiated tumors exhibiting an unpredictable prognosis
      (e.g., canine pericytoma, acanthomatous epulis, myxoma, follicular thyroid cell
      carcinoma, etc.). Anaplasia, an important characteristic of most malignant
      neoplasms, may be less stable than generally assumed. Sodium butyrate may reverse
      it intermittently and anaplastic gliomas may loose all morphologic and
      cytokinetic characteristics of anaplasia following sodium butyrate exposure. Host
      factors, such as nerve growth factor, have similar and more lasting effects upon
      anaplastic cells derived from the neural crest. Such factors may act as reverse
      transformation agents and may represent prospective therapeutic agents for
      anaplastic tumors.

PMID- 4048773
TI  - Factors influencing laboratory animal spontaneous tumor profiles.
AB  - In chemical carcinogenicity and drug-safety testing, a carcinogen is defined as
      an agent that when administered by an appropriate route causes an increased
      incidence of tumors in experimental animals as compared to unexposed control
      animals. Although a carcinogen may cause the appearance of tumors in organs where
      tumors do not usually occur in a given strain, the usual response is to increase
      the types of tumors seen spontaneously and to shorten the period of latency. The
      use of carcinogenesis experiments for research and safety assessment requires
      properly designed and well-conducted experiments and a knowledge of background
      data and variations in tumor incidences of control animals. Many factors can
      influence the reported incidences of spontaneous tumors. These include species,
      strain, sex, age, and source of the experimental test animal; study duration;
      extent of the pathology examination; dietary and environmental conditions;
      qualifications and experience of the study pathologist; diagnostic criteria and
      nomenclature conventions; and quality assurance and review procedures. This paper
      discusses several factors which may influence the incidence of tumors in control
      and test animals, and provides examples to illustrate the potential for these
      factors to affect the data.

PMID- 4048774
TI  - Alterations in cell surface properties induced by modified purines.
AB  - Primary Chinese hamster embryo cultures exposed chronically to 1-methylguanine or
      7-methylguanine, modified purines derived from nucleic acid turnover, exhibit a
      number of properties characteristic of transformed cell lines. One of the
      earliest effects observed following exposure of cells to the methylated purines
      is an alteration in cell surface properties as measured by the interaction of the
      cells with the lectin concanavalin A. Within sixteen hours following inclusion of
      the compounds in the culture medium, the cells exhibit an increase in
      concanavalin A mediated hemadsorption. The increase in hemadsorption is
      accompanied by an alteration in distribution of receptors within the cell
      population as measured by flow microfluorometry using fluorescin conjugated
      concanavalin A, and by a decrease in the total number of receptors as measured by
      binding of radiolabelled concanavalin A. Possible mechanisms for these
      alterations and their significance for growth control are discussed.

PMID- 4048775
TI  - Cell surface lectins of transplantable human teratocarcinoma cells: purification
      of a new mannan-specific endogenous lectin.
AB  - Fractionation of detergent extracts of transplanted tumors of human
      teratocarcinoma cells by affinity chromatography yields one predominant protein
      with apparent molecular weight of 14,000 and further, for less abundant protein
      with apparent molecular weight of 35,000 from lactose-sepharose and one protein
      with apparent molecular weight of 68,000 from mannan-sepharose. No further
      carbohydrate-binding protein can be isolated on columns derivatized with
      asialofetuin, melibiose and L-fucose, to which the extract is applied
      successively. Both proteins agglutinate trypsinized, glutaraldehyde-fixed rabbit
      erythrocytes in the absence of Ca2+ and can thus be defined as endogenous human
      teratocarcinoma lectins. Inhibition of heterotypic and homotypic aggregation of
      human teratocarcinoma cells by D-mannose, D-galactose and glycoproteins rich in
      one of these sugars is consistent with a functional role of these Ca2+
      independent lectins in cell aggregation. Visualization of these activities by
      fluorescent mannosylated and lactosylated markers on the cell surface further
      supports the cell surface localization of these detergent extractable lectins.
      The mannan-specific lectin, in particular, has so far not been detected in any
      mammalian tissue or tumor and is of potential value for a lectin-based diagnosis
      and therapy of embryonal carcinomas.

PMID- 4048777
TI  - [Arsenic content of daily diets of children and adults].

PMID- 4048776
TI  - [Comparison of the methods of atomic-absorption spectrophotometry and colorimetry
      in determining lead, zinc and copper levels in cereals].

PMID- 4048778
TI  - [Total mercury content of the muscles of various species of fish from the
      Southern Baltic Sea 1982-1983].

PMID- 4048779
TI  - [Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbon level in the soil of the worker-owned gardens in
      the city of Cracow].

PMID- 4048780
TI  - [Laboratory evaluation of the nutritive value of the average daily diets of
      selected population groups in Poland. IV. Levels of copper, zinc and manganese].

PMID- 4048781
TI  - [Laboratory evaluation of the nutritive value of the average daily diets of
      selected population groups in Poland. V. The levels of retinol, beta-carotene and
      alpha-tocopherol].

PMID- 4048782
TI  - [Evaluation of the nutrition of students commuting to school].

PMID- 4048783
TI  - [Microflora of cocoa pulp and its effect on contamination of ready-made
      confectionery].

PMID- 4048784
TI  - Recent developments in toxicology.

PMID- 4048785
TI  - [Determining levels of heavy metals: cadmium, lead and zinc in articles made of
      plastics].

PMID- 4048786
TI  - [Residues of antibiotics and other inhibitory substances in the tissues of
      abattoir animals].

PMID- 4048787
TI  - [Polychlorine pesticide residues in the adipose tissue of swine and cattle from
      the northern Poland region 1980-1983].

PMID- 4048788
TI  - [Structure and seasonal variations of food consumption by 4-member families of
      workers in the Olsztyn region 1980-1982].

PMID- 4048789
TI  - [Laboratory evaluation of the nutritive value of average daily diets of selected
      population groups in Poland. VI. Levels of group B vitamins].

PMID- 4048790
TI  - [Iron and copper metabolism in the body of humans and experimental animals].

PMID- 4048791
TI  - [Effect of different dietary levels of animal and plant proteins on metabolism in
      experimental animals].

PMID- 4048792
TI  - [Benzo(a)pyrene content of the human lung in relation to various environmental
      factors].

PMID- 4048793
TI  - [Fat embolism].

PMID- 4048794
TI  - [Problems posed by tracheal stenosis after respiratory resuscitation].

PMID- 4048795
TI  - [Rational use of inotropic sympathomimetic amines in resuscitation].

PMID- 4048796
TI  - Complete AV heart block during acute silent myocardial infarction detected only
      by myocardial perfusion scintigraphy.
AB  - Seven patients with complete AV heart block and wide QRS complexes, atypical
      chest pain and no specific serum enzymes modifications for myocardial necrosis
      are reported. The patients showed no prior complete AV heart block although
      myocardial perfusion scintigraphy showed localized uptake demonstrating a small
      area of acute myocardial necrosis. These cases may be described as "true silent"
      acute myocardial infarction which could not be clinically recognised without
      Technetium pyrophosphate scintigraphy.

PMID- 4048797
TI  - Considerations on the pathogenesis of mitral valve prolapse.
AB  - Forty patients (11 males and 29 females) with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) were
      investigated clinically as well as by echocardiographic,
      phonomechanocardiographic, radiologic, electroencephalographic,
      electromyographic, psychologic and biologic examinations. Hypomagnesemia was
      found statistically significant and is assumed to have an important
      etiopathogenic role particularly in causing the rhythm and neuropsychic
      disturbances in MVP. A case in which MVP appeared after a prolonged treatment
      with prednisone, is presented.

PMID- 4048798
TI  - Influencing immune perturbations by prolonged corticotherapy in the chronic
      active liver disease.
AB  - This paper deals with the influencing of the imbalance of humoral and cellular
      immunity in chronic active liver disease (CALD) due to prolonged administration
      of continuous corticotherapy in moderate doses. This paper presents a controlled
      study carried out in 30 patients with CALD of whom 15 received corticotherapy,
      while the other 15 only a conventional hepatotropic treatment for a year. The
      results obtained show, beside a clinical and biological improvement, a positive
      influence on the immune parameters with a tendency of restoration of immune
      homeostasis, i.e., an increase of the T total and T1 (suppressing/cytotoxic)
      lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, with the concomitant decrease of IgG, IgM
      and circulating immune complexes (CIC). In the control group the changes were
      insignificant, but sometimes an aggravation of the immune disturbances could be
      observed. This study confirms the favourable effect of prolonged corticotherapy
      in CALD and argues for its immune-modulating action.

PMID- 4048799
TI  - Eosinophilia in the pleural and peritoneal effusions.
AB  - Of 248 patients with various benign or malignant chronic diseases who presented
      pleural or peritoneal effusions, the authors have selected 16 cases in which the
      proportion of eosinophils in these fluids exceeded 5% of the total cell count.
      High values of eosinophilia have been observed mostly in the serous membrane
      fluids from patients with tuberculosis and various neoplasms. In the authors'
      opinion, this suggests the participation of eosinophils in the immune processes
      occurring in the course of these pathologic conditions, in which the lymphocytes
      are also involved.

PMID- 4048800
TI  - Cytochemical study of neutrophils from peripheral blood of patients with lung
      cancer.
AB  - In 32 patients with untreated lung cancer, activity of alkaline phosphatase, acid
      phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase were determined
      cytochemically in peripheral blood of neutrophils. The results obtained were
      compared with those in 40 healthy subjects. Total counts of alkaline phosphatase,
      acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase positive
      neutrophils were significantly higher in patients with lung cancer, as compared
      with the control group. Mean value of alkaline phosphatase activity index (Score)
      was significantly higher in cancer patients in comparison to the control group
      whereas mean values of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta
      glucosaminidase activities did not differ significantly.

PMID- 4048801
TI  - Testing histocompatibility antigens (loci A and B) in a group of type 1 (insulin
      dependent) diabetic patients in Bucharest.
AB  - For a preliminary estimation of the prevalence and significance of HLA antigens,
      tests were carried out on the A and B loci in an unselected group of 107 patients
      with type 1 diabetes in Bucharest. Monospecific antisera furnished by NIH,
      Bethesda were used. For HLA-A the following data were obtained: A2 (20.3% of the
      total specificities); A1 (18.4%); A3 (14.0%); A28 (10.1%). Provisional
      estimations in the healthy population also indicated HLA-A2 as being more
      frequent than followed by A30/31, A1, A9, A3. For HLA-B: B7 (38.2%); B5, B12 and
      B14 (14.0% each); B8 (11.1%). In the healthy subjects, the order was B12, B35,
      B5, B8 the same as B18, then B7 (which did not exceed 11%). The most frequently
      encountered haplotypes in the diabetic patients were: A2/B7 (8.4% of the total
      haplotypes); A3/B7 (6.9%); A1/B7 (6.6%); A10/B7 (3.8%); A9/B7 and A11/B7 (3.6%
      each). An unexpectedly high frequency of the HLA-B7 antigen was found in group of
      diabetic patients investigated, contrasting with its assumed "protector" role in
      the Caucasian population. The frequency of antigen HLA-A3 and haplotype HLA-A3/B7
      infringes their listing in the "resistance axis" to diabetes.

PMID- 4048803
TI  - Studies on the familial character of endemic Balkan nephropathy. Possible role of
      the toxic hydric factor in the determination of "familial agglomerations" in
      endemic Balkan nephropathy.
AB  - The study was carried out in an attempt to explain the familial character of
      endemic Balkan nephropathy and of agglomeration of cases in certain households
      and in the ascendency of certain families. The hypotheses of a genetic disease or
      that of an infectious etiology have been taken into consideration in previous
      studies - by chromosomal analyses and statistical-mathematic tests of
      contagiousness - without being able to find arguments in support of one or the
      other hypotheses. This study brings important elements in favour of the possible
      role of ecologic factors and mainly of the hydrictoxic one, in the determination
      of the familial agglomerations in endemic nephropathy. Thus using radionuclear
      determination methods, we could demonstrate in a locality of the endemic area
      that around the water sources with high content of nephrotoxic oligoelements
      (cadmium, chromium, manganese, cobalt) there are more diseased families than
      around water sources poorer in these oligoelements.

PMID- 4048802
TI  - Study of the cutaneous electric potentials and the perception threshold to an
      electric stimulus in diabetic patients with and without clinical neuropathy.
AB  - Clinical heterogeneity of diabetic peripheral neuropathy could express a
      neurophysiological and electrophysiological heterogeneity possibly related with
      the dissociated metabolic susceptibility of the difference types of nerve fibres
      and endings. To evaluate the functional status of the skin autonomous nervous
      system and of the deep pain sensitivity system in diabetics we studied two
      electrophysiological parameters skin electrical potential (using Digital
      Multimeter 3466 Hewlet Packard, USA) and the perception threshold (microA) at an
      electrical stimulus (spike wave, 0.5 m sec duration) 1 cm deeply applied through
      2 acupuncture needles placed 30 cm distance each other, in 3 groups: Ia-18
      diabetic patients with clinical signs of neuropathy (12 M, 6 F, aged 55 +/- 17
      yrs); Ib - 17 diabetic patients without clinical signs of diabetic neuropathy (12
      M, 5 F, aged 57 +/- 16 yrs); I1 - 10 age and sex matched non-diabetic controls.
      Our data show: a higher mean value of the potential in the acupuncture points as
      against neighbour areas, both in non-diabetic control (- 111 +/- 25 mV v.s. -81
      +/- 29 mV, p less than 0.05) and in diabetics (-85 +/- 43 mV v.s. -58 +/- 25 mV,
      p less than 0.01); a lower mean value of the electrical potentials in diabetic
      with clinical signs of neuropathy as against in those without clinical signs of
      neuropathy (-66 +/- 29 mV v.s. -108 +/- 43 mV, p less than 0.01): a higher mean
      value of the perception threshold in diabetics with clinical signs of neuropathy
      as against in diabetics without clinical signs of neuropathy (213 +/- 82 microA.
      v.s. 102 +/- 40 microA, p less than 0.01); a significant correlation (r = -0.81)
      between the perception threshold and the electrical potentials of the studied
      points.

PMID- 4048804
TI  - Increased activity of plasma clotting factors VII and X in acute ischemic
      cerebrovascular disease.

PMID- 4048805
TI  - Effect of colchicine in diabetic neuropathy--a clinical and EMG study.

PMID- 4048806
TI  - Meningioma of the third ventricle. Case report.

PMID- 4048807
TI  - The syndrome of benign familial neonatal seizures.

PMID- 4048808
TI  - [Vertebral compression with intrasomatic vacuum images. Apropos of 2 cases with
      histological control by trocar biopsy].
AB  - The significance of a gas shadow, known as an intra-somatic space, seen in cases
      of vertebral compression is discussed in relation to two cases with histological
      confirmation by means of trocar aspiration biopsy of the vertebra. The presence
      of this image is in favour of a neoplastic or infectious aetiology; however, in
      view of the limited experience, histological confirmation by aspiration biopsy of
      the vertebra is indicated in the presence of one or more reasons for suspecting a
      neoplastic aetiology. The most satisfactory pathophysiological hypothesis to
      explain the appearance of an intra-somatic space is that this image generally
      appears in cases of osteoporotic vertebral compression complicated by a certain
      degree of osseous ischaemia.

PMID- 4048809
TI  - [Anterior thoracic and intervertebral erosive joint diseases associated with
      palmoplantar pustulosis].
AB  - The authors report three cases of palmo-plantar pustulosis associated with
      articular signs: erosive arthritis of the right first sternocostal joint in 2
      cases (without hypertrophy of the clavicle or the sternum) and atlanto-occipital
      arthropathy with marked neck stiffness in another case. The HLA phenotype of one
      case was: A2 - A9 - B14 - X - DR3 - DR4. A surgical sterno-costal biopsy revealed
      non-specific inflammatory lesions in 2 cases. In one of these cases, a
      Corynebacterium sp. was isolated. The clinical course was favourable in response
      to local antibiotic therapy in one case (follow-up of 8 years) and after
      treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in 2 cases (follow-up of
      one to two years). The skin biopsy revealed non-spongiform (and therefore non
      psoriatic) unilocular pustulosis, distinguishing this non-bacterial pustulosis
      from pustular palmo-plantar psoriasis with which it is frequently confused. These
      cases are similar to the cases of "pustulotic arthro-osteitis" reported by
      Japanese authors (Sonozaki et al.), which appear to be rare in Europe. They seem
      to be an early form in a vast range of spondylo-arthropathies including
      rheumatism and acne conglobata. The aetio-pathogenesis of this syndrome is
      discussed; one of the cases is strongly suggestive of an infectious origin
      (Corynebacterium). These lesions do not appear to be a form of reactive
      arthritis, as the presence of HLA B27 is rare in both the European and the
      Japanese cases.

PMID- 4048810
TI  - [Chronokinetics of ketoprofen administered orally and by continuous venous
      infusion].
AB  - The aim of the study was to evaluate a possible chronokinetic phenomenon of
      ketoprofen administered orally and by continuous intravenous infusion. In the
      first part of the study, ketoprofen was administered orally to 8 healthy male
      volunteers aged between 25 and 45 years, at a dose of 2 X 50 mg at 7:00 a.m.
      (time I), 1:00 p.m. (time II), 7:00 p.m. (time III) and 1:00 a.m. (time IV), on
      the same day of the week at an interval of 2 weeks, during the first three months
      of the year. The order of administration was randomised, each subject acted as
      his own control and received ketoprofen at the four times mentioned above. A
      total of 14 venous blood samples were taken over 12 hours. The results indicate
      that the maximal serum concentration (Cmax) was significantly higher at time I
      (13.4 +/- 14.1) than at times II, III and IV (6.9 +/- 1.1, 7.2 +/- 0.7, 6.4 +/-
      0.5 mg/l) (p less than 0.01). The time required to reach this concentration
      (Tmax) was significantly longer for time IV (135.0 +/- 16,8) than for times I, II
      and III (73,1 +/- 14.1, 75,0 +/- 16.6; 82.5 +/- 12.7 minutes) (p less than 0.05).
      The excretion half-life (t 1/2B) was significantly longer for time IV (4.3 +/-
      0.6) than for times II and III (2.8 +/- 0.5, 2.5 +/- 0.2 hours) (p less than
      0.05). Statistically significant differences were also observed in the area under
      the curve measured at midday (AUC 12) and in the total clearance (CIT) for the
      various sample times.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4048811
TI  - [Influence of treatment on the chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in
      rheumatoid arthritis].
AB  - The chemotaxis of neutrophil polymorphonuclear cells was measured in 56 patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis classified according to the treatment received. The
      presence of D-penicillamine in the serum affected the migration of the neutrophil
      polymorphonuclear cells in both the control subjects and the patients. In the
      patient group, the chemotaxis of the neutrophil polymorphonuclear cells was
      corrected non-significantly in the presence of control AB serum.

PMID- 4048812
TI  - [Slow-development polyarthritis. Clinical and developmental aspects, medico
      social needs].

PMID- 4048813
TI  - [Joint manifestations disclosing infection of an aorto-aortic prosthesis].

PMID- 4048814
TI  - [Thoracic hyperostoses. Description, nosology, etiology].
AB  - Thoracic hyperostosis is a bone disease with an inflammatory appearance which
      results in hypertrophy and condensation of the bony elements of the anterior
      thorax, the sternum, the clavicle and the ribs. 14 cases of the primary form of
      this disease, Kohler's primary sterno-costo-clavicular hyperostosis, have been
      reported in the literature. This benign disease is associated with only one
      complication: subclavian vein thrombosis. The secondary forms of thoracic
      hyperostosis are associated with extrathoracic signs and occur in a context
      suggestive of spondyloarthropathy. A sub-group is distinguished on the basis of
      the presence of cutaneous signs: hyperostosis associated with osteoarthritis in
      the context of palmo-plantar pustulosis (Sonozaki's disease) or severe forms of
      acne. In the absence of cutaneous signs, thoracic hyperostosis has been
      exceptionally described in cases of ankylosing spondylitis. It can also be
      integrated into a more autonomous context, associated with unilateral sacro
      iliitis or with vertebral and peripheral osseous condensations. The
      pathophysiology of thoracic hyperostosis is unknown, but the HLA B27 phenotype
      does not appear to be involved.

PMID- 4048815
TI  - [Aggravation after spinal injury: spinal extradural hematoma].

PMID- 4048817
TI  - Short-term tamoxifen treatment in benign breast diseases.
AB  - Fifty woman patients with adenoma or fibroadenoma, cystic, simple or complex
      dysplasias were treated with tamoxifen in daily doses of 20 mg. (2 tbs.) for 10
      or 20 days during one or two menstrual cycles (in most cases 2 successive
      treatments) and uninterrupted for 30 or 90 days in menopaused women. A response
      was recorded in the main and associated lesions as well as in several similar
      lesions in the same case, and therefore, the results are analysed according to
      the lesion surface reduction in percentage. The different responses recorded can
      explain why the classification into responders and non-responders is difficult to
      make sometimes. 64% of the cases responded to the treatment. The results are most
      relevant if lesions are summed up and considered by type of lesion. Subjective
      symptoms disappeared or improved in 97% for mastodynia and 100% for dysmenorrhoea
      with a general decrease in menstrual bleeding. Short-term treatment of two
      tamoxifen cycles can be a means to select the responsive cases. They may be a
      preliminary stage before further endocrine treatment or before further surgery.
      This medicating pattern can solve some cases otherwise fit for surgery only.

PMID- 4048816
TI  - Decrease in testicular testosterone synthesis by melatonin-free pineal extract in
      the rat.
AB  - Administration of 2 ml of melatonin-free pineal extract (30 mg bovine pineal
      powder per ml) per day per animal for 12 days caused, under basal conditions, a
      decrease of 31% in the testicular testosterone and 33% in the esterified
      cholesterol, a fraction used in testosterone biosynthesis, but did not change
      free cholesterol. Under stimulation with 50 UI HCG for 3 days, testicular
      testosterone was found to be very high, esterified cholesterol low and free
      cholesterol unchanged. Simultaneous administration of HCG and pineal extract
      showed that the latter inhibits partly the testicular response to HCG. The
      decrease in testosterone after pineal extract administration under exogenous HCG
      stimulation correlates with an increase in the esterified cholesterol fraction.
      The effect of the melatonin-free pineal extract on testicular testosterone
      synthesis in the rat is discussed.

PMID- 4048818
TI  - Differences in the circadian rhythm parameters of urinary free epinephrine,
      norepinephrine and dopamine between children and elderly subjects.
AB  - The circadian rhythm in the urinary excretion of free epinephrine, norepinephrine
      and dopamine was studied in 60 elderly men and 83 women, 77 +/- 8 years of age,
      in a total of 260 24-hour profiles and in 63 boys and 81 girls, 11 +/- 1.5 years
      of age, in 144 24-hour profiles. The circadian mesor of all these compounds was
      increased in the children over that in the elderly subjects while the acrophase
      remained unchanged in spite of a phase shift of the acrophase of the urine
      excretion of the elderly in the night hours. The differences in functional state
      of the sympathetic and adreno-medullary function (and/or response) between
      children and elderly subjects may have clinical implications.

PMID- 4048819
TI  - The effect of some enkephalins on calcitonin secretion.
AB  - Synthetic enkephalins: 5 metenkephalin, D2 proenkephalin and 5 leuenkephalin and
      morphine were injected into cerebral ventricles of rats. After 30 minutes the
      rats were sacrificed and the calcitonin content of the thyroid was assayed. As
      compared to the controls, morphine reduced significantly the secretion of
      calcitonin. Of the enkephalins, only 5 leuenkephalin had a borderline effect on
      calcitonin secretion, stimulating to a significant degree the rise of the
      hormone. The data obtained demonstrate the selective effect of opiates on
      calcitonin secretion.

PMID- 4048820
TI  - Primary hyperparathyroidism. Report of a clinical case without bone lesions.
AB  - A 26-year-old woman was admitted to the Institute of Endocrinology in Bucharest
      for evaluation of primary hyperparathyroidism (P-HPT). Anamnesis revealed a 10
      year history of nephrolithiasis; peptic ulcer, chronic pancreatitis,
      cholelithiasis. Eight months previously, she had given birth to a child who had
      neonatal hypocalcaemic tetany. Investigations revealed the presence of moderate
      hypercalcaemia, hypercalciuria, hypo-phosphoremia; serum chloride level was above
      100 mEq/1, and the chloride phosphate ratio was greater than 33. X-ray films of
      the abdomen revealed the presence of nephrolithiasis and right nephrocalcinosis.
      Selenium methyonine scanning, ultrasonography and computerized tomography were
      negative. On surgical exploration a 2-3 cm parathyroid adenoma was removed from
      between the trachea and the esophagus.

PMID- 4048821
TI  - Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH) produced by
      an adenocarcinoma of the colon. Report of one case.
AB  - It is described a patient with all classical features of SIADH, and elevated
      levels of urinary ADH which was most probably produced by a colon carcinoma. It
      is proposed that all indistinct hyponatremias be thoroughly analysed and that
      urinary ADH be tentatively considered as a tumor marker for colon carcinoma.

PMID- 4048822
TI  - [The effect of repeated starvation on the developing laboratory rat (with special
      reference to the central nervous system)].

PMID- 4048823
TI  - [The effect of saralasin on circulatory responses induced by angiotensin in
      rats].

PMID- 4048824
TI  - [Excretion of phenoltetrachlorophthalein in rats with experimental liver
      lesions].

PMID- 4048825
TI  - [Desquamative interstitial pneumonia].

PMID- 4048826
TI  - [Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia].

PMID- 4048827
TI  - [Treatment of purulent inflammations of the internal female genitalia].

PMID- 4048828
TI  - [Language ability of 4-to-6-year-old children].

PMID- 4048829
TI  - [Frequency of respiratory diseases in a pediatric population in relation to air
      quality].

PMID- 4048830
TI  - [Disorders in the structure of dental tissues in children in Prague].

PMID- 4048831
TI  - Incidence of ulcerative colitis in Stockholm County 1955-1979.
AB  - The epidemiology of ulcerative colitis in Stockholm County over a 25-year period,
      1955-79, was investigated. Only definite cases in accordance with specified
      acceptance criteria were included. There were 1274 cases--681 males and 593
      females. The proportion of patients with proctitis, left-sided, and total extent
      of disease of diagnosis remained constant over the study period, as did the time
      interval between onset of symptoms and definite diagnosis. The peak incidence in
      relation to age increased slightly but remained in the 3rd and 4th decade through
      the study period. The incidence in men over 40 years old increased markedly
      towards the end of the study.

PMID- 4048832
TI  - A comparative evaluation of secretin bolus and secretin infusion as secretin
      provocation tests in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
AB  - GIH secretin bolus (2 CU/kg) and infusion (3 CU/kg/h) have been randomly compared
      in 9 ZES patients and 10 age-matched DU patients. Serum gastrin and gastric acid
      variations were studied before and after either mode of secretin administration
      in the same individuals. Plasma secretin modifications were monitored in
      parallel. In both ZES and DU, secretin bolus and infusion induced similar gastrin
      responses (maximal changes and integrated responses). However, secretin infusion
      had a greater effect on acid output than bolus: larger inhibition in DU and
      larger increase in ZES. The additive diagnostic value of gastric acid secretion
      study during a secretin provocation test, as already reported, favors the use of
      3 CU/kg/h secretin infusion over that of 2 CU/kg secretin bolus.

PMID- 4048833
TI  - Hydrogen concentration in expired air analyzed with a new hydrogen sensor, plasma
      glucose rise, and symptoms of lactose intolerance after oral administration of
      100 gram lactose.
AB  - A rapid breath hydrogen analyzer to detect lactose malabsorption is described.
      After ingestion of a lactose solution the patient expires into a mouthpiece
      attached to a hydrogen sensor at 30-min intervals for 3 1/2 h. The hydrogen of
      the expired air causes a voltage change that can be transformed into ppm from a
      calibration curve. A tolerance test with a load of 100 g lactose was performed in
      43 consecutive patients with various gastrointestinal disturbances, referred to
      the laboratory for the commonly used lactose tolerance test based on plasma
      glucose measurements. Eleven patients developed symptoms of lactose intolerance
      during the test. Biopsy specimens from the distal duodenum or proximal jejunum
      showed partial villous atrophy in one, in whom celiac disease with lactose
      intolerance was diagnosed; the other 10 had normal specimens. In nine of them
      lactose intolerance was diagnosed and confirmed by observation for months on a
      lactose-poor diet. The 10th patient (H.P.L.) did not improve on such a diet. He
      also showed pronounced symptoms of intolerance during a test with monosaccharides
      (glucose + galactose). His intestinal disease remained undiagnosed. The 11
      patients with symptoms of intolerance and 3 patients without symptoms during the
      lactose load showed a flat plasma glucose curve after drinking the lactose
      solution--that is, a maximum rise of the glucose concentration of 1.5 mmol/l. One
      of the symptom-free patients dropped out and could not be observed, another did
      not improve on a lactose-poor diet, and the third noticed a favorable effect of
      the diet on stool consistency but not on other abdominal symptoms.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4048834
TI  - Renal tubular acidosis secondary to jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity.
AB  - Renal handling of acid and base was studied in patients with persistent metabolic
      acidosis 3-9 years after jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. Excretion of acid
      was studied before and after intravenous infusion of NH4Cl and excretion of
      bicarbonate after infusion of NaHCO3. Bypass patients showed impaired capacity
      for acidification of urine. The lowest urinary pH was 5.53 +/- 0.10 in 10 bypass
      patients and 4.76 +/- 0.06 in 6 controls. The corresponding values for standard
      bicarbonate in plasma were 15.0 +/- 0.3 mM and 15.8 +/- 0.3 mM. Glomerular
      filtration rate was identical in the two groups. Fractional loss of bicarbonate
      in urine was higher in controls than in bypass patients. The renal impairment is
      classified as distal renal tubular acidosis.

PMID- 4048835
TI  - Comparative study of the effects of equal amounts of fat, protein, and starch on
      plasma cholecystokinin in man.
AB  - The effect of ingestion of 50 g fat, 50 g protein, and 50 g starch on plasma
      cholecystokinin (CCK) concentrations was studied in eight healthy volunteers.
      Plasma CCK concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay with Bolton-Hunter
      labelled CCK 33, CCK 33 standard, and antibody T204. Antibody T204 was directed
      to the sulphated tyrosine region of CCK. Ingestion of fat and protein induced
      significant increases in plasma CCK, whereas ingestion of starch did not
      significantly influence plasma CCK levels. Peak increments in plasma CCK after
      fat (4.8 +/- 0.9 pmol/l) and protein (3.4 +/- 0.5 pmol/l) were significantly
      greater than that after starch (0.9 +/- 0.3 pmol/l). Similarly, the integrated
      plasma CCK secretion after fat (213 +/- 49 pmol/l X 120 min) and after protein
      (178 +/- 53 pmol/l X 120 min) was significantly greater than that found after
      ingestion of starch (9 +/- 23 pmol/l X 120 min). It is concluded that, in
      contrast to starch, fat and protein are potent stimuli for the release of CCK.

PMID- 4048836
TI  - Cholestasis in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. Diagnostic value of the
      transaminase ratio for differentiation between extra- and intra-hepatic
      cholestasis.
AB  - In our long-term study of alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (median follow-up time,
      10.4 years) 84 of 173 patients (48.6%) developed transient or persistent
      cholestasis with or without hyperbilirubinemia. We studied the discriminative
      value of the ASAT/ALAT ratio to differentiate intrahepatic (IHC) and extrahepatic
      cholestasis (EHC; due to stenosis of the distal common bile duct) in 75 of these
      patients. In 45 patients with persistent or recurrent cholestasis (group A) the
      cause of cholestasis was documented by accurate morphological methods. Thirty of
      the other 39 patients with transient cholestasis (group B) were classified on the
      basis of the overall clinical evaluation. Of 37 patients with IHC 36 had an
      ASAT/ALAT ratio of 1.5 or higher (one patient had normal values for both
      transaminases). Out of 38 patients classified as EHC 29 had an ASAT/ALAT ratio of
      1.4 or lower (9 with normal transaminases being excluded). One patient with
      cholangitis secondary to EHC had a transient elevation of the ASAT/ALAT ratio to
      above 2.5. Thus our data suggest that in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis
      associated with cholestasis an ASAT/ALAT ratio of 1.4 or lower (or normal
      transaminases) usually indicates EHC. Diagnostic study and surgical decompression
      is mandatory in these cases if EHC persists.

PMID- 4048837
TI  - Enterogastric reflux after gastric surgery. A comparison between
      gastroduodenostomy and Roux diversion.
AB  - Reflux of upper intestinal content to the gastric remnant after gastric resection
      is common and may cause damage to the gastric mucosa, resulting in gastritis,
      gastric ulcer, and possibly dysplasia. Different surgical procedures have been
      proposed to prevent reflux, among them Roux-en-Y diversion. In this study we have
      compared antrectomy followed by gastroduodenostomy (BI) with antrectomy followed
      by Roux-en-Y anastomosis with regard to enterogastric reflux. Reflux was recorded
      by cholescintigraphy, using a new method for quantification. In all patients
      biopsy specimens were taken for histopathological evaluation at gastroscopy.
      Twenty-seven patients were studied, 11 with gastroduodenostomy and 16 with Roux
      en-Y diversion. All patients in the gastroduodenostomy group had reflux, compared
      with four in the Roux group (p less than 0.001). Under the light microscope all
      patients in the BI group showed a moderate to severe degree of inflammation
      compared with only seven in the Roux-en-Y group (p = 0.028). Our results show
      that Roux-en-Y drainage effectively diminishes reflux and may be an explanation
      for the lower extent of mucosal damage in these patients.

PMID- 4048838
TI  - Lysosomal enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin in plasma after bile duct
      transection in the rat.
AB  - Plasma levels of the lysosomal enzymes beta-glucuronidase and beta-hexosaminidase
      were studied for 6 weeks after permanent bile duct occlusion (19 animals) or sham
      operation (5 animals). The bile duct-occluded animals had a stable bilirubinemia
      throughout the observation period. The median level of beta-glucuronidase in
      controls was 0.45 U/l. In jaundiced animals the median level was 1.09 at 0.5
      weeks, 1.28 at 2 weeks, and 1.58 at 6 weeks after bile duct occlusion. The median
      level of beta-hexosaminidase in controls was 18.5 U/l. In jaundiced animals the
      median level was 18.0 at 0.5 weeks, 20.8 at 2 weeks, and 53.3 at 6 weeks after
      operation. Compared with beta-glucuronidase, prominent elevation of the beta
      hexosaminidase level appeared much later after bile duct obstruction, which might
      suggest a closer association with reticuloendothelial system function for the
      latter enzyme.

PMID- 4048839
TI  - Defective modulation of complement in Crohn's disease. C3b opsonization of
      zymosan by the alternative pathway.
AB  - Opsonization of zymosan by plasma complement was studied in 12 consecutive
      patients with untreated, well-established Crohn's disease and in 12 healthy
      volunteers. Binding of C3b to zymosan was markedly increased in patients with
      Crohn's disease during the first 30 min of the alternative pathway reaction,
      whereas consumption of the native C3 protein was within the normal range in all
      patients. Our results are consistent with a decreased capacity for degradation of
      activated C3,C3b by the I-H factor inactivator system. This immunologic
      abnormality may contribute to a chronic activation of the complement sequence,
      previously demonstrated in Crohn's disease, and to a release of split products of
      inflammation-promoting character.

PMID- 4048840
TI  - The association between non-ulcer dyspepsia and other gastrointestinal disorders.
AB  - Non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) is defined as dyspepsia in which investigation shows no
      evidence of focal gastroduodenal disease or oesophagitis. The aim of the present
      study was to determine the proportion of NUD patients with other identifiable
      diseases. We interviewed 327 consecutive patients who had at least 1 month of
      dyspepsia before a panendoscopy that showed no evidence of oesophagitis,
      malignancy, or peptic ulcer. Symptoms were assessed by a structured history
      questionnaire. The existence of gallstones was excluded radiologically. Of the
      subjects studied, 75 (23%) had irritable bowel syndrome and 71 (22%) gastro
      oesophageal reflux, whereas 63 (19%) had both, 25 (8%) had aerophagy, and 14 (4%)
      had gallstones. Of the remaining 79 patients (24%) 6 had duodenitis and 10
      gastritis, whereas 1 had both. Sixty-two subjects (19%) had entirely normal
      endoscopic results and no ascertainable cause of their dyspepsia (termed
      provisionally essential dyspepsia). It is concluded that, whereas three-quarters
      of NUD patients have diseases that fall into other diagnostic categories, nearly
      one-quarter have essential dyspepsia.

PMID- 4048841
TI  - An X-ray diffraction study of the crystalline composition of gallstones.
AB  - The crystalline composition of gallstones removed from 30 patients from
      southwestern Finland was determined by the X-ray powder method. A total of eight
      crystalline compounds, varying from one to four per stone, were identified.
      Anhydrous cholesterol was by far the most abundant compound, occurring in 29
      patients (97%), and calcium salts occurred in half the material studied. The
      stones could be classified on the basis of crystalline composition: pure
      cholesterol stones (40%), stones of cholesterol and calcium carbonate (37%),
      stones of cholesterol and sodium chloride or/and calcium palmitate (20%), and a
      stone of apatite and calcium carbonate (3%). The average amount of crystalline
      components per stone was as follows: cholesterols, 82%; calcium carbonates, 14%;
      and the rest, apatite, calcium palmitate, and sodium chloride. The crystalline
      composition of the stones related to the sex and age of the patients indicated
      several trends, including the occurrence of calcium carbonates in the stones of
      patients over 50 years of age and their simultaneous occurrence in small stones
      and with the cholesterols. Calcium palmitate was also more frequently present in
      the calculi of male patients.

PMID- 4048842
TI  - Post-mortem storage of tissue for X-ray microanalysis in pathology.
AB  - Possible alternatives to rapid freezing in liquid nitrogen of tissue for X-ray
      microanalysis of electrolytes at the cellular level were investigated. These
      alternatives might be used in cases where tissue becomes available for
      examination, e.g., at autopsy, but liquid nitrogen is not immediately available.
      Rat submandibular gland was used as a test tissue. Freezing of pieces of tissue
      in a conventional freezer at -80 degrees C or even at -20 degrees C retained the
      elemental distribution at the cellular level, and also retained the difference
      between a 'normal' and a 'pathological' (mimicked by an injection of a high dose
      of isoproterenol) situation. Storage of tissue in a refrigerator, or delaying the
      autopsy in anticipation of the arrival of liquid nitrogen is not recommended.
      Significant changes in the cellular ion content occurred if the tissue was left
      in the animal for 24h post-mortem.

PMID- 4048843
TI  - Recent advances in X-ray microanalysis in dermatology.
AB  - Electron microprobe and proton microprobe X-ray analysis can be used in several
      areas of dermatological research. With a proton probe, the distribution of trace
      elements in human hair can be determined. In contrast to sulfur, which is
      homogeneously distributed, calcium, iron, and zinc appear to be non-homogeneously
      distributed over the hair cross-section. Electron microprobe analysis on freeze
      dried cryosections of guinea-pig and human epidermis shows a marked gradient of
      Na, P and K over the stratum granulosum. In sections of freeze-substituted human
      skin this gradient is less steep. This difference is likely to be due to a
      decrease in water content of the epidermis towards the stratum corneum. Electron
      microprobe analysis of the epidermis can, for analysis of trace elements, be
      complemented by the proton microprobe. Quantitative agreement between the two
      techniques can be obtained by the use of a standard. Proton microprobe analysis
      was used to determine the distribution of Ni or Cr in human epidermis exposed to
      nickel or chromate ions. Possible differences in water content between the
      stratum corneum of patients with atopic eczema and normal stratum corneum was
      investigated in skin freeze-substituted with Br-doped resin. No significant
      differences were observed. Proliferative reactions in the epidermis appear to be
      associated with increased levels of the elements P and K. Such changes were found
      in guinea-pig skin after exposure to sodium lauryl sulfate, and in plaques of
      skin from patients with psoriasis.

PMID- 4048844
TI  - Integration of X-ray microanalysis and morphometry of biological material.
AB  - It was investigated how to extract both morphometrical and X-ray elemental
      information from scanning electron microscopical (SEM) or scanning transmission
      electron microscopical (STEM)-images and how to integrate these two information
      streams either on line or off-line after storage. Cytochemical reaction products
      in cell organelles in ultrathin sections are the biological structures of
      interest. In such organelles four different situations can be met:
      morphologically the structures are homomorph or heteromorph; chemically the
      elements are distributed either homogeneously or heterogeneously. A new program
      has been proposed and described, which permits determination of both the area and
      the mean net-intensity value of chemical elements, inhomogeneously distributed
      over heteromorph organelles. The value of this integration method is demonstrated
      by three examples of increasing complexity, starting with two elements which are
      more or less homogeneously distributed over one lysosome, the establishing of a
      platinum discontinuity in an acidophilic granule and finally the localization of
      two chemical elements inhomogeneously distributed over a rather heteromorph
      phagolysosome. In two examples Chelex ion exchange beads, maximally loaded with
      the element also present in the structure of interest, are co-embedded with the
      tissue as internal standards. In such cases the absolute elemental concentration
      in the structures analysed can be established. The presence of such cross
      sectioned beads in the ultrathin sections is also used: to demonstrate their
      function as models to select the proper conditions for the digital-controlled
      raster analysis of the unknown cell- or tissue structures, to prove the value of
      this method.

PMID- 4048845
TI  - Application of Chelex standard beads in integrated morphometrical and X-ray
      microanalysis.
AB  - Chelex ion exchange beads loaded with a known amount (18.3% weight percentage
      (w/w)) of platinum, have been co-embedded with a mouse peritoneal cell
      population. To establish the influence of the various deconvolution methods
      applied, upon the platinum concentration in cytoplasmic granules and erythrocytes
      these cross-sectioned beads are used as a standard. It is concluded that
      irrespective of the deconvolution method chosen 1) the Pt concentration inside
      the particles is identical when the particles and the co-embedded Chelex Pt
      standard, are analysed strictly under the same instrumental conditions 2) the Pt
      concentration outside the particle is zero, or virtually zero when that element
      is absent there (erythrocyte surrounded by Epon) 3) the Pt concentration outside
      the particle in the surrounding cytoplasm was identical (when the element Pt was
      present there). The information about the elemental concentration obtained by
      point analysis in the STEM-mode in homogeneous objects was compared with the mean
      value obtained by the reduced raster method. The ratio between these values were
      constant. As an example of a heteromorphic, heterogeneous cell organelle
      population, the application of the method of integrated morphometrical and
      chemical (X-ray) analysis is demonstrated on lysosomes within a single human
      liver parenchymal cell, containing iron and cerium. It was shown that the cerium
      concentration (from the cytochemical reaction to detect acid phosphatase activity
      in lysosomes) was rather homogeneously distributed over the small population and
      in the individual lysosomes. The iron distribution was very inhomogeneous, both
      in its distribution over the lysosomal area, and among the lysosomes in the
      population.

PMID- 4048846
TI  - X-ray microanalysis of biological tissues--an examination of comparative specimen
      preparation techniques using prostatic tissue as a model.
AB  - A number of reproductive tissues have been investigated by X-ray microanalysis
      for a large number of elements. These elements occur both free and with many
      different forms of binding to tissue proteins and cellular constituents. The
      prostate tissue studied here represents a glandular tissue with both parenchymal
      and stromal components having different cell types. While no general rule can be
      applied to the preparative technique for all tissues, it would seem that of all
      the methods examined here freeze substitution or the use of dehydration fluids
      combined with subsequent embedding offer the most promising compromise between
      cryoultramicrotomy and aqueous fixation.

PMID- 4048847
TI  - The application of physico-chemical procedures in the analysis of urinary
      calculi.
AB  - All physico-chemical techniques used in the analysis of urinary calculi have
      inherent advantages and limitations. Although x-ray powder diffraction can
      identify constituents unambiguously, certain minor components can be missed.
      Infrared spectroscopy is more sensitive but band assignment at low concentrations
      is difficult. Scanning electron microscopy together with energy dispersive x-ray
      analysis permits the simultaneous investigation of morphology and chemical
      microstructure. However, microanalysis of elements lighter than sodium is not
      possible and constituents are prone to irradiation damage. With the electron
      microprobe, minor constituents can be detected but tedious sample preparation
      procedures are required. Transmission electron microscopy is extremely useful in
      determining constituent inter-relationships and ultrastructure but ultramicrotomy
      is very difficult. Thermal gravimetric analysis gives quantitative information
      easily but does not satisfactorily distinguish between struvite and brushite. In
      an attempt to assess the accuracy of chemical analyses, 62 calculi were
      investigated applying several chemical tests. Those for Mg2+, PO4(3-), NH4+ and
      uric acid proved highly reliable while that for Ca2+ often yielded an incorrect
      result. The test for oxalate was totally unsatisfactory. Investigators of stone
      composition and structure should include x-ray diffraction (or infrared
      spectroscopy) and scanning electron microscopy as their methods of first choice.
      In addition, chemical or thermogravimetric analyses should be utilized in an
      auxiliary capacity.

PMID- 4048848
TI  - Cyclic deposition of calcium salts during growth of cholesterol gallstones.
AB  - Some cholesterol gallstones contain darkly pigmented centers or peripheral
      concentric pigmented bands. We examined the cross-sectional surface of three
      cholesterol gallstones which contained both central and peripheral pigmented
      areas with electron-probe microanalysis (EPM) and energy dispersive x-ray
      microanalysis (EDXA) to determine the elemental composition of the pigmented
      regions. Linear EPM across the cross-sectional surface of the stones demonstrated
      that most of the pigmented regions of all three stones had high Ca and P signals;
      the non-pigmented intervening areas had markedly lower or no detectable Ca and P
      signals. In two of the three stones, high O signals coincided with the high Ca
      and P signals suggesting that both calcium bilirubinate and calcium phosphate
      were present in these pigmented areas. EDXA of the central and peripheral
      pigmented areas of each stone confirmed the presence of a high Ca signal. Our
      results demonstrate that in some cholesterol gallstones there is cyclic
      deposition of calcium bilirubinate and other calcium salts.

PMID- 4048849
TI  - Early development of the vertebrate limb: an introduction to morphogenetic tissue
      interactions using scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - The developing limbs of most vertebrates serve as a model system for studies of
      morphogenesis, pattern formation, cell and tissue interactions and cell
      differentiation. Mesoderm in the flank of the embryo induces overlying ectoderm
      to form a thickened, stratified or pseudo-stratified epithelium which becomes the
      highly specialized apical ectodermal ridge. In turn, the apical ridge specifies
      individual limb parts (first from structures proximal to the body axis, then to
      more distal components) and is required for those elements to form. If the ridge
      is removed, subsequent limb development ceases and no further limb parts appear.
      The series of ectodermal-mesodermal interactions is poorly understood at the
      molecular level, but scanning electron microscopy permits the visualization of
      tissues and cells which participate in this remarkable process of morphogenesis
      and differentiation. This paper is intended to serve as an introduction for the
      student beginning an investigation into the multiple, integrated biological
      processes which culminate in the establishment of a normal vertebrate limb.

PMID- 4048850
TI  - The growth of fetal human sensory ganglion neurons in culture: a scanning
      electron microscopic study.
AB  - Sensory neurons of 8-week human fetal dorsal root ganglia were dissociated into
      single cells by trypsinization and cultured on coverslips for 4 months, in either
      serum-containing or serum-free chemically defined media. At different times the
      cultures were fixed and prepared for scanning electron microscopy. Fetal sensory
      neurons in culture regenerated axons within 24 hours which were characterized by
      axonal growth cones at their tips and the neuronal perikarya assumed spherical or
      a bonnet-like morphology.

PMID- 4048851
TI  - Structural changes in mouse small intestinal villi following lower body
      hyperthermia.
AB  - Heating an exteriorised loop of mouse small intestine resulted in marked changes
      in the shape of the villi as reported earlier. However, the exteriorisation
      techniques resulted in non-uniformity in both temperature and effect around
      circumference of intestine and, in addition, the extent to which handling
      contributed to the observed damage was not known. The work has therefore been
      extended using lower-body heating in the temperature range 37.5 degrees - 43.0
      degrees C. Heating in the temperature range 37.5 degrees C to 41.0 degrees C
      produced minimal to moderate structural changes, manifested as scattered,
      vertically collapsed villi amongst predominantly "normal" villi. No villi showed
      conical or rudimentary forms of collapse. Such villi were, however, seen after
      heating at 41.5 degrees C and were greatly increased in number after heating at
      42.0 degrees C. The most severe damage was observed after heating at 43.0 degrees
      C. Although the lower body heating method gave information which was less
      complicated by technical considerations, the hyperthermic damage observed was
      qualitatively similar to that previously seen following local administration of
      hyperthermia to an exteriorised loop of intestine. Direct quantitative
      comparisons between the two methods of heating are difficult because of
      differences in equilibration time and temperature. However, using a comparable
      heating time, less damage was scored following the exteriorisation technique
      compared with in situ heating.

PMID- 4048852
TI  - Relationship of the surface structure of metaphase chromosomes to the higher
      order organization of chromatin fibers.
AB  - Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as transmission electron microscopy
      (TEM), has been utilized to determine how the surface structure of mitotic
      chromosomes is related to the organization of the 30 nm chromosomal fibers. SEM
      revealed the surfaces of isolated, HeLa cell chromosomes to possess a knobby
      substructure with chromosomes prepared for EM in buffers containing 0.5-1.5 mM
      Mg2+. These projections had substantially greater widths (65-70 nm) than the
      underlying chromatin fibers. Reducing the Mg ion concentration to 0.05-0.15 mM
      resulted in the further expansion of the chromosomes, which flattened the
      chromosomes for SEM so the fibers became the dominant feature of the micrographs.
      The surface protuberances are interpreted as representing the peripheral tips of
      radial chromatin loops. The same procedure of slightly expanding chromosomes by
      decreasing the Mg2+ concentration in resuspension buffer was also utilized in a
      TEM, serial sectioning study. Longitudinal sections close to the central
      chromatid axis showed radially oriented fibers within the planes of the sections.
      This was replaced by a dot pattern when the longitudinal sections grazed the
      periphery of the chromatid. Transverse sections displayed more clearly the radial
      orientation of the fibers. A consistent picture emerges from applying SEM and TEM
      that supports the "radial loop" model for the primary mode of organization of
      chromatin fibers in metaphase chromosomes.

PMID- 4048853
TI  - A scanning electron microscopic technique for three-dimensional visualization of
      the spatial arrangement of metaphase, anaphase and telophase chromatids.
AB  - Chromosome and chromatid alignment in mitotic configurations remains a topic of
      interest because there is little precise information. For example, reconstruction
      of mitotic configurations from serial sections collected with transmission
      electron microscopy has proven to be neither practical nor a sensitive method for
      conceptualizing these arrangements. Similarly light microscopy has been even more
      unsatisfactory because of its limited resolution and lack of three-dimensional
      capabilities. These limitations conceivably could be overcome by visualization of
      mitotic configurations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). However, SEM has
      its limitations, of which the most obvious with regard to visualization of
      mitotic configurations, is that such structures in dividing cells are obscured
      from the beam by membranes, cellular organelles, and the mitotic apparatus. These
      "contaminants," we have found, can be removed by the appropriate procedure such
      that a direct three-dimensional visualization of intact life-like mitotic
      configurations of chromatids from mammalian cells is possible. We also
      demonstrate that these configurations, although some artifacts may exist, retain
      the same basic shape and chromatid arrangements throughout metaphase, anaphase,
      and telophase when compared to configurations isolated with a non-ionic detergent
      and neutral buffers.

PMID- 4048855
TI  - Myelomatosis: Current status and future prospects in pathology and treatment. In
      honour of Aage Videbaek. Copenhagen, November 1984.

PMID- 4048854
TI  - Collagen deposition during wound repair.
AB  - Collagen fiber diameters, amount of birefringent collagen (brightness) and
      birefringence retardation were measured in implanted collagen-based sponges
      containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and fibronectin (FN). In the presence of HA and
      FN, increased number of fibroblasts and brightness were observed 6 days after
      wounding. Increased brightness in the presence of HA and FN reflected increased
      deposition of oriented collagen fibers. From days 9 to 12, increased fiber
      diameters were similar in implanted collagen-based sponges with or without HA and
      FN. Increased birefringence retardation in sponges containing HA and FN was
      consistent with increased packing density of collagen fibers observed by scanning
      electron microscopy. Our results suggest that HA and FN are effective in
      promoting fibroblast movement into a collagen sponge and deposition of collagen
      fibers during the early phases of wound healing. Use of a collagen-based sponge
      containing HA and FN may enhance collagen deposition in situations where healing
      is compromised as in the case of dermal ulcers.

PMID- 4048856
TI  - Li+-induced release of the folate binding protein from human granulocytes.
AB  - Release of folate binding protein from human leucocytes suspended in isotonic
      NaCl was studied in experiments where folate binding activity of the suspending
      medium was determined by equilibrium dialysis (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C) against 3H
      folate. Release from leucocytes containing particularly high concentrations of
      folate binding protein was significantly increased in the presence of 70 mmol/l
      Li+. The stimulated release was apparently not an osmotic phenomenon since no
      effect was observed with isomolar Na+/K+. The released protein resembled the
      folate binding protein in leucocyte lysate as to characteristics of radioligand
      binding, ionic properties and molecular size. Hence no transformation of the
      protein seemed to occur during Li+-induced release.

PMID- 4048857
TI  - HLA and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

PMID- 4048858
TI  - Acquired storage pool in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 4048859
TI  - Prognostic importance of labelling index in myelomatosis.

PMID- 4048860
TI  - A methodological evaluation of 14 controlled clinical trials in myelomatosis.
AB  - A methodological evaluation of the 14 randomized clinical controlled trials so
      far published on myelomatosis was performed. A quite large heterogeneity was
      observed among the trials, especially in their presentation of patients included
      and in the criteria applied for therapeutic response. Additionally, none of the
      studies accounted for the randomization procedure - and particularly whether the
      randomizations were performed consecutively. 19 comparisons of the effectiveness
      of various drugs or drug combinations were performed and in 12 of these an
      insignificant result was obtained. 2 of these with more than 25% probability have
      overlooked a beneficial effect of one of the regimens of more than 50% and 6
      trials of more than 25%. It is stressed that these situations will arise when
      sample sizes that are too small are applied in clinical trials. It is concluded
      that internationally accepted criteria for diagnosis and therapy response are
      needed. Additionally, a more thorough statistical planning, prior to initiation
      of a trial, and a more extensive analysis of the results would be helpful.

PMID- 4048861
TI  - Development of acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL) in myelomatosis.
AB  - On the basis of the literature, so-called secondary acute nonlymphocytic
      leukaemia (S-ANLL) in myelomatosis is reviewed. Using the banding technique,
      cytogenetic changes including hypodiploidy and partially or totally missing
      chromosomes # 5 and # 7 are recorded. The findings are in accordance with the
      cytogenetic changes seen in S-ANLL in other malignancies which have been treated
      with cytostatics, especially alkylating agents. So, S-ANLL in myelomatosis seems
      to be a result of treatment with cytostatics, though a causal relationship has to
      be documented.

PMID- 4048862
TI  - Alpha interferon treatment of patients with hairy-cell leukaemia.
AB  - We have treated 10 patients with hairy-cell, or hairy-cell-like leukaemia, for
      more than 6 months, with alpha interferon 3 X 10(6) IV/day I.M. or
      subcutaneously. All patients were severely pancytopenic before treatment. 7
      patients had a typical hairy-cell leukaemia, whereas 3 lacked hairy cells but had
      the characteristic bone-marrow infiltration. The peripheral blood counts improved
      in all patients during treatment and the lymphoid infiltration of the bone-marrow
      was shown to decrease. 1 patient obtained complete remission, 6 partial remission
      and 3 had a minor response. It is concluded that alpha interferon is effective in
      the treatment of patients suffering from hairy-cell leukaemia.

PMID- 4048863
TI  - Platelet count and platelet size in males and females.
AB  - The platelet count of healthy males was compared to that of healthy females. A
      higher platelet count in women was confirmed. A similar inverse non-linear
      relationship between the platelet count and the mean platelet volume (MPV) was
      found in the two sexes. The slightly higher MPV in men was insufficient to
      compensate for the lower platelet count so that the plateletcrit, which measures
      total volume of platelets in a given volume of blood, was also significantly
      higher in women.

PMID- 4048864
TI  - The in vitro effect of leucocyte alpha-interferon on human myeloma cells in a
      semisolid agar culture system.
AB  - 73 bone marrow samples from a total of 50 patients with multiple myeloma (MM)
      were tested for interferon (IFN) sensitivity in the human tumour colony assay
      (HTCA). 16 evaluable samples were obtained from untreated patients, 10 from
      patients during melphalan and prednisone treatment and 6 from patients on IFN
      treatment or after withdrawal of IFN. The sensitivity to IFN was individually
      distributed between the bone marrow samples from patients of all 3 groups and a
      tendency towards IFN resistance could be found in serial assays from patients
      during MP-treatment and after IFN withdrawal. Stimulation of growth was found in
      31% of the cultures, usually at lower doses of IFN (10-100 U/ml) while higher
      doses (400-4000 U/ml) inhibited growth in 75% of the assays.

PMID- 4048865
TI  - Splenic function in children with sickle cell disease: two different patterns in
      Saudi Arabia.
AB  - Splenic function in 35 Saudi children homozygous for sickle cell disease (age
      range 3-9 years) was studied using radioactive colloid scans. Two different
      patterns emerged. Splenic dysfunction was demonstrated in more than 80% of
      children who were originally from the south-western part of the country. They
      were found to have low HbF levels. In contrast normal or nearly normal splenic
      function was found in all patients from the Eastern Province in whom HbF levels
      were high. These different patterns of splenic function may contribute to the
      severe and mild forms of sickle cell disease seen in Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 4048866
TI  - Globin chain synthesis in a case of acquired aplastic anaemia before and after
      remission induced by bolus methylprednisolone treatment.
AB  - Globin chain synthesis was performed with the peripheral blood of a 10-year-old
      girl, who had acquired aplastic anaemia, at the time of bolus methylprednisolone
      administration and during recovery. There was no indication of an increase in
      gamma chain synthesis despite elevation of total foetal haemoglobin.

PMID- 4048867
TI  - Glutathione peroxidase activity and reduced glutathione content in erythrocytes
      of patients with chronic renal failure.
AB  - Erythrocytes from 18 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and 10 healthy
      subjects were examined with respect to glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity
      and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents. The activity of GSH-Px and GSH content
      were found to be lower in RBC from CRF patients as compared with normal RBC.
      These reduced levels of GSH and GSH-Px in the red cells of uraemic patients may
      predispose the cells to oxidative damage.

PMID- 4048868
TI  - Evaluation of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) activity in untreated
      myeloproliferative syndromes and in leukaemoid reactions.
AB  - Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity was estimated in 194 patients; 59 cases
      of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), 42 cases of polycythaemia vera (PV), 24 cases
      of primary myelofibrosis, 7 cases of idiopathic thrombocythaemia, 6 cases of
      leukaemoid reaction, 19 cases of secondary polycythaemia (PS) and 37 cases of the
      primary myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). According to NAP activities the groups
      proved to be separate entities (p less than 0.00025). The incidence of decreased
      NAP score in the CML group was 85% and differed significantly from the other
      groups as a whole, as well as separately (p less than 0.001). The MDS group, the
      only group besides CML that showed decreased scores, also differed significantly
      from the others (p less than 0.001). The PS group, nearly always showing normal
      scores, differed significantly from the PV group (p less than 0.0052). A method
      evaluating single cell NAP activity proved superior to the score method in
      discriminating between the different groups. Thus, the incidence of decreased
      activity in the CML group was 93% compared with 85% by the score method and the
      incidences of increased activity in the PV, MP, IT, and LR groups were 79% to
      100% compared with 25% to 67% by the score method. The latter difference was
      statistically significant (p = 0.029).

PMID- 4048869
TI  - Lactate overproduction in platelets of subjects affected with myeloproliferative
      disorders.
AB  - In platelets of patients affected with myeloproliferative disorders, glycolytic
      and glycogenolytic flux have been examined. Results of studies on glucose uptake,
      glycogen breakdown and lactate formation have been reported. No difference in
      glucose uptake between controls and patients was observed, but in patients a
      higher lactate formation was always noted in the presence or absence of exogenous
      glucose, in correlation with a higher glycogen breakdown rate. Results could be
      explained by modified regulation mechanisms on glycogen phosphorylase.

PMID- 4048870
TI  - A human monoclonal IgG1 lambda anti-hepatitis B surface antibody. Production,
      properties, and applications.
AB  - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a donor with a high titre of anti
      hepatitis B surface (HBs) antibodies were fused with a cell line that was
      positive for Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen and sensitive to hypoxanthine
      aminopterine-thymidine. A cell line was established that produces a monoclonal
      IgG1 lambda anti-HBs antibody. Afterwards, it appeared that the anti-HBs antibody
      producing cell line had arisen from Epstein-Barr virus transformation of the
      donor B cells. The cell line is capable of producing up to 60 micrograms/ml of
      the monoclonal antibody, which has a high avidity for HBs antigen (Ag) and
      recognizes both ad and ay subtypes. The antibody is useful as a reagent for the
      detection of HBsAg in human serum. Over 1000 patient sera have been tested with a
      conventional third-generation assay in parallel, and only a single discrepant
      serum was found.

PMID- 4048871
TI  - Proportions of Ig classes and subclasses in mumps antibodies.
AB  - Mumps antibodies of 34 human beings were studied, 12 patients with natural mumps
      infection, 15 subjects vaccinated with a live mumps vaccine, and seven subjects
      vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine. Small amounts of antibodies reacting with
      mumps antigen were found in the prevaccination sera. An immunization with either
      the live or the killed vaccine caused an increase in the mumps antibodies (range,
      from 1.1-fold to more than 50-fold; geometric mean, approximately sevenfold).
      IgG1 was the major isotype in all post-vaccination sera; the average share was
      61%. Next came IgM (28%), followed by IgA (9%), and IgG3 (2% of total). The
      patient samples had 10 (acute phase) or 20 times (convalescent phase) more mumps
      antibodies than the prevaccination samples. IgG1 was the predominant isotype in
      the acute phase sera (average 42% of all antibodies). Next came IgM (41%)
      followed by IgA (13%), and IgG3 (4%). In convalescent sera IgG1 was also the
      predominant isotype (average 67%), followed by IgM (19%). The minor isotypes in
      the second samples were IgA (12%) and IgG3 (3%). Small amounts of IgG2 antibodies
      were found in 1 patient and 1 vaccine. IgG4 antibodies were not detected.

PMID- 4048872
TI  - [Chemicals in ecosystems. Inventory, evaluation and application of distribution
      models].

PMID- 4048873
TI  - Proliferative synovitis in rabbit knee joints induced by antigen and preformed
      immune complexes.
AB  - Knee joints of non-immunized rabbits were repeatedly injected with bovine serum
      albumin (BSA) and preformed BSA-anti-BSA immune complexes which had differing
      precipitation profiles and abilities to activate complement. Ten days after the
      last of six injections the antibody and lymphoproliferative responses to BSA were
      analysed and correlated to the degree of arthritis. Joint swelling, increased
      numbers of joint fluid leukocytes and morphological changes typical of
      proliferative synovitis were found only in those rabbits injected with a large
      dose of antigen or with immune complexes prepared in antigen excess of poor
      precipitation and complement-activating properties in vitro. The degree of
      arthritis correlated with the development of humoral and lymphoproliferative
      immune responses to BSA.

PMID- 4048874
TI  - Effects on bone marrow cells of oral treatment with podophyllotoxin derivatives
      in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - SPG 827, a mixture of podophyllotoxin derivatives, has been thought to alleviate
      the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by arresting cell division in metaphase
      (i.e. resulting in an increase of the mitotic index) of rapidly proliferating
      cells of the immune apparatus. In contrast, the present study produced evidence
      that peroral SPG treatment of RA patients reduced the mitotic index of bone
      marrow cells, mainly in erythropoiesis. At the same time, slight megaloblastic
      changes appeared in the erythroblasts. These observations suggest that SPG
      treatment induced an interphase block in the G2 phase of the cell cycle,
      analogous to the cell action of the newer podophyllotoxin derivatives teniposide
      and etoposide. It may be that part of the clinical effect of SPG in rheumatoid
      arthritis is due to the described interphase-blocking activity.

PMID- 4048875
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus six years following chemotherapy for malignant
      lymphoma.
AB  - A 62-year-old woman who developed systemic lupus erythematosus 6 years following
      chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma is reported.

PMID- 4048876
TI  - Radiographic evaluation of patients with Bechterew's syndrome (ankylosing
      spondylitis). Findings in peripheral joints, tendon insertions and the pubic
      symphysis and relations to non-radiographic findings.
AB  - One hundred and twenty-two consecutive hospitalized patients aged 35 years or
      more, and with definite radiographic bilateral sacro-iliitis were re-examined.
      All but 3 met established criteria for definite ankylosing spondylitis (AS). All
      peripheral joints from 114 of these patients were radiographed, and definite
      arthritis in one or several joints was demonstrated in 47 (41%) of them. The
      distribution pattern of arthritis was generally symmetric or slightly asymmetric.
      Articular new bone formation was a common finding in arthritic joints. The
      frequency of patients with hip arthritis was low (24% including patients with hip
      joint replacements); possible explanations include the selection of patients
      examined and difficulties in distinguishing between a primary osteoarthritis and
      osteoarthritis secondary to arthritis in a single radiographic examination in
      such patients. Although the hip joints were often severely affected, with
      extensive new bone formation, the erosions were generally small and protrusion of
      the acetabulum was not seen. Arthritis of the shoulder or of the hip was
      associated with an early onset of AS. Arthritis in the finger joints was
      associated with clinical psoriasis but was also a frequent finding in HLA B27
      positive patients free from this condition (23%). Arthritic changes of small
      joints with extensive new bone formation ('egg in shell', 'pencil in cup' or
      'gull wing' appearance) were seen in patients without clinical psoriasis. New
      bone formation of the ischium was frequent in HLA B27-positive patients (36%),
      but was not seen in HLA B27-negative patients. No differences concerning the
      frequency or severity of different radiographic pathologic changes recorded were
      observed between the sexes.

PMID- 4048877
TI  - Flexor tenosynovitis (FTS): a risk indicator of abnormal glucose tolerance.
AB  - Diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly of long duration and insulin dependent, can
      be accompanied by a variety of locomotor system disorders. However, musculo
      skeletal syndromes can also appear in patients with mild glucose homeostasis
      disturbances. Sometimes these locomotor complaints may precede the diagnosis of
      the deranged glucose metabolism and hence give a clue to the underlying glucose
      homeostasis abnormality. In the present work, glucose metabolism was studied in
      39 patients presenting with palmar flexor tenosynovitis (FTS) but without any
      other rheumatic manifestations. For comparison, glucose homeostasis was also
      studied in 44 patients with FTS accompanying rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the
      first group, 23% had an abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), a
      significantly increased frequency vis-a-vis the 4.5% found in the RA group and
      vis-a-vis the 5.4% reported for the general population. It is concluded that in
      the absence of any other rheumatic disease, FTS is a risk indicator of disturbed
      glucose metabolism and that a simple screening procedure for the purpose of
      disclosing glucose homeostasis abnormalities is warranted in patients presenting
      with FTS.

PMID- 4048878
TI  - Dilatation of cerebral ventricles in patients with rheumatoid vertical atlanto
      axial subluxation.
AB  - Twenty-four patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, 12 of them with
      anterior atlanto-axial subluxation alone and 12 with vertical atlanto-axial
      subluxation, were examined by echo-encephalographic measurement of the width of
      third and lateral cerebral ventricles. The 12 patients with anterior atlanto
      axial subluxation showed normal values for the third and the lateral ventricles.
      Ten of the 12 patients with vertical atlanto-axial subluxation had increased
      width of third and lateral ventricles, indicating hydrocephalus.

PMID- 4048879
TI  - Cholestatic jaundice associated with D-penicillamine therapy.
AB  - Cholestatic jaundice is a rare complication of penicillamine therapy. We report
      here a 35-year-old patient who developed fever, a rash and cholestatic jaundice
      16 days after commencing treatment with penicillamine for cystinuria. The
      jaundice subsided slowly after discontinuation of the drug and with prolonged
      therapy with prednisone. The literature on penicillamine-induced liver injury is
      reviewed.

PMID- 4048880
TI  - Audit of closed synovial biopsy in the diagnosis of inflammatory joint disease.
AB  - In a prospective study, the clinical features and synovial histopathology of 78
      patients with joint disease were compared. Nineteen patients had early rheumatoid
      disease, 19 chronic rheumatoid, 17 chondrocalcinosis or osteoarthritis, 10
      persistent monoarthritis and 14 other miscellaneous arthropathies. After
      semiquantitative assessment of the degree of inflammatory infiltration, increase
      in vascularity, synovial hypertrophy and ulceration and fibrin deposition
      biopsies were categorized as either normal, or slightly or severely abnormal. The
      highest incidence of severely abnormal biopsy was in patients with chronic
      rheumatoid disease and miscellaneous forms of arthritis. Major histological
      abnormalities were uncommon in osteoarthritis, chondrocalcinosis and persistent
      monoarthritis. Generally, histology was of little help in differential diagnosis,
      but in early rheumatoid disease there was a relationship between the clinical
      degree of knee joint disease and the category of histological change. In these
      patients, general disease activity was reassessed at least 18 months after
      biopsy. All those with severely abnormal biopsies had persistent or severe
      persistent rheumatoid disease, whereas 3 of the 4 patients with normal biopsies
      had no evidence of active synovitis.

PMID- 4048881
TI  - Selenium status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4048882
TI  - Gas bubble detection in fluid lines by means of pulsed Doppler ultrasound.
AB  - A pulsed Doppler instrument running at 1.5 MHz resonance frequency was used for
      detection of microbubbles within a recirculating fluid line. Glass beads of
      nominal 200 microns were injected to get a statistical calibration level of the
      set-up. This is achieved by identifying the peak intensity of the bubble size
      histogram which reflected the microsphere size.

PMID- 4048883
TI  - The Mitroflow pericardial heart valve. In vitro assessment over a range of sizes
      in aortic and mitral positions.
AB  - The performance of a three leaflet pericardial heart valve over a range of sizes
      in both the aortic and mitral position has been assessed in vitro. A pulse
      duplicator was used to test valves under conditions simulating normal and
      abnormal cardiac rhythms. The forward and regurgitant flow energy loss across
      each valve has been added to give an overall measure of valve hydrodynamic
      performance. This energy loss ranges from approximately 3% of the ventricle
      energy for large size mitral valves at low heart rates, to 22% for the smallest
      aortic valves operating at 120 beats per minute.

PMID- 4048884
TI  - Computer-assisted design of butterfly bileaflet valves for the mitral position.
AB  - This paper describes the application of computer testing to a design study of
      butterfly bileaflet mitral prostheses having flat or curved leaflets. The
      curvature is in the plane normal to the pivot axes and is such that the convex
      sides of the leaflets face each other when the valve is open. The design
      parameters considered are the curvature of the leaflets and the location of the
      pivot points. In this study, stagnation is assessed by computing the smallest
      value (over the three openings of the valve) of the peak velocity, and
      hemodynamic performance is judged by a benefit/cost ratio: the net stroke volume
      divided by the mean transvalvular pressure difference. Unlike the case of a
      pivoting single-disc valve, the inclusion of a constraint on the maximum angle of
      opening of the leaflets is found to be essential for adequate, competent
      performance. Results are presented with both 85 degrees and 90 degrees
      constraints, since best performance is achieved with the opening-angle constraint
      in this range. Asymmetry of leaflet motion which is observed with flat leaflets
      in the mitral position is reduced with modest leaflet curvature. Leaflet
      curvature also ameliorates central orifice stagnation, which is observed with
      flat leaflets. Curvature of the valve produces the following improvements in
      comparison with the best flat valve when the opening-angle constraint is 85
      degrees: a 38% increase in the minimum peak velocity and a 16% increase in the
      hemodynamic benefit/cost ratio. With a 90 degrees constraint the corresponding
      improvements are 34% and 20%, respectively.

PMID- 4048885
TI  - Pulsatile flow during cardiopulmonary bypass. Evaluation of a new pulsatile pump.
AB  - Pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been suggested to be superior to
      nonpulsatile CPB. This report concerns a newly developed pulsatile pump for
      clinical use. It is designed as a positive displacement pump, with blood allowed
      to collect in a valved cavity from which it is ejected by the reciprocating
      action of a piston. Using a uniform procedure of anaesthesia and surgery, 14 pigs
      were subjected to CPB at 37 degrees C for 3 hours. The pulsatile pump was used in
      seven pigs and a conventional roller pump in the other seven. The wave-form of
      the pulse during pulsatile CPB was similar to that recorded in the pigs before
      bypass. The values for rate of pressure change with respect to time (dp/dt)
      obtained in the aorta were close to the pre-CPB values. No difference was found
      between the two groups with respect to platelet count or haemolysis. The
      investigated pulsatile device appeared to be reliable and easy to handle, and the
      pulsation it produced closely resembled the physiologic pulse-wave form.

PMID- 4048886
TI  - Adenosine spares platelets during cardiopulmonary bypass in man without causing
      systemic vasodilatation.
AB  - The effect of infusing adenosine during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on platelet
      count and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was studied in 13 patients (age 42
      74), with 12 patients (age 47-66) as controls. Adenosine infusion (0.1 mg/kg/min
      in a central vein) caused a ten- to twentyfold increase of the adenosine
      concentration in the venous blood to the oxygenator, while the arterial levels
      were close to basal values (0.3 +/- 0.1 microM). The platelet count was
      significantly higher in the treated than in the placebo group during and 30 min
      after CPB, but not on the postoperative day. The groups did not differ with
      regard to the postoperative blood loss from tube drainage. Adenosine did not
      cause major systemic vasodilation (MABP less than 30 mmHg) in any case, and the
      blood pressure levels showed no intergroup difference during CPB. However, seven
      control patients but none in the adenosine group required vasodilator treatment
      (sodium nitroprusside) during CPB to prevent MABP from exceeding 70 mmHg. We
      conclude that adenosine infusion during CPB in man spares platelets, with minor
      changes in blood pressure.

PMID- 4048887
TI  - Deep-vein thrombosis after major non-cardiovascular thoracic surgery.
AB  - The incidence of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) verified by fibrinogen test was
      studied in 44 high-risk patients after major non-cardiovascular thoracic surgery.
      In eight patients (18%) a total of ten DVT appeared within the first
      postoperative week. Four thrombi were located at or above knee level. More
      extensive surgery was associated with higher DVT incidence than lesser operations
      (32% v. 8%). In patients belonging to blood groups B and AB, DVT was more common
      than in other blood groups. Five of the six unilateral DVT were detected on the
      same side as the thoracotomy. The findings suggest that DVT incidence after this
      kind of surgery may be of the same order as after major general surgery,
      indicating a need for thromboprophylactic measures.

PMID- 4048888
TI  - Reduction of postoperative donor blood requirement by use of the cell separator.
AB  - In a prospective, randomized study of 20 patients undergoing elective open-heart
      surgery, up to c. one-third of the total intraoperative and postoperative
      transfusion requirement could be provided by autologous centrifuged blood.
      Retransfusion of washed, packed red blood cells freed from cellular debris,
      heparin and activated clotting factors significantly reduced blood loss during
      and after surgery. The cell separator is a valuable aid in autotransfusion
      technique.

PMID- 4048889
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the diaphragm.
AB  - Spontaneous rupture of the diaphragm is rare. A case is presented in which
      spontaneous rupture of the left hemidiaphragm occurred as a result of physical
      exercise 4 months before admission to hospital. The patient, a 42-year-old woman,
      underwent transabdominal repair with uncomplicated postoperative course. The
      clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous diaphragmatic
      rupture are reviewed against the background of this case and the total of 12
      cases in the available literature. All but one of the ruptures were left-sided.
      The importance of keeping this condition in mind in differential diagnosis is
      underlined by the fatal outcome in 2 of the known 13 cases.

PMID- 4048890
TI  - Epicardial lipoma.
AB  - A case of epicardial lipoma is presented. Coexisting coronary artery disease
      partly masked the symptoms by pointing to myocardial failure caused by
      compression from the tumor. An unexpectedly good result was achieved by combining
      excision of the lipoma with the planned coronary bypass procedure.

PMID- 4048891
TI  - Purulent pericarditis in children. Review and case report.
AB  - Acute purulent pericarditis is infrequent in children. Only around 200 cases have
      been reported in the western literature in the past 25 years (1-10). From the
      Scandinavian countries only two cases have been described (6, 7). Purulent
      pericarditis is usually a complication of upper respiratory tract infection.
      Mortality is very high in unrecognized or inadequately treated cases. Early
      diagnosis and appropriate treatment with adequate surgical drainage and
      antimicrobial therapy are vitally important for the outcome.

PMID- 4048892
TI  - Rupture of chordae tendineae associated myxoma of the left atrium.
AB  - Mitral insufficiency is unusual in patients with left atrial myxoma. A patient
      with myxoma of the left atrium presented with acute pulmonary edema due to
      ruptured chordae tendineae. Both lesions were unequivocally demonstrated by
      echocardiography, permitting emergency surgical correction to be undertaken
      without recourse to angiographic studies. Despite the rarity of acute mitral
      regurgitation due to rupture of chordae tendineae in association with left atrial
      myxoma, with only one such case previously reported, an etiologic relationship
      between the two disorders can be postulated. The association between the two thus
      should not be unexpected.

PMID- 4048893
TI  - [Prospective follow-up study of radically resected colorectal carcinoma. Status
      after 5 years].
AB  - 207 patients curatively resected for colorectal cancer have been followed up in a
      prospective, controlled study using serial CEA, ultrasound, colonoscopy and
      clinical examination for early detection of recurrent tumor. After a median
      follow-up of 2.5 years, 52 recurrences (25%) have been detected, rising CEA value
      being the most sensitive indicator (86%) among the diagnostic procedures. 26
      patients were reoperated for recurrent disease; in 10 out of 19 patients with
      local and 3 out of 7 patients with distant recurrence a potentially curative
      resection was possible. Median survival of patients not operated upon (n = 26) or
      incompletely resected (n = 13) is 8.5 months, whereas median survival for the 13
      patients reoperated for cure has not yet been reached at 2 1/2 years. With
      respect to resectability, thorough clinical examination and endoscopy have been
      the most sensitive examinations (both 44%). Aggressive follow-up for suitable
      patients with colorectal cancer will detect most of the recurrences in an early
      asymptomatic phase, increase the rate of resectability and prolong survival in
      selected, curatively reresected cases.

PMID- 4048894
TI  - [Comparison of tumor incidence in 251 first-degree relatives of 50 patients with
      colorectal carcinoma with those of the Basel population].
AB  - A tumor-centered family history obtained in 50 patients with colorectal carcinoma
      without polyposis coli revealed that first-degree relatives of such patients have
      a 3.6 times greater risk of developing colorectal carcinoma themselves. The
      simple and harmless family history method can be employed by any physician for
      the identification of healthy persons at high risk for colorectal carcinoma.

PMID- 4048895
TI  - [Value of biopsy and directed brush cytology in gastrointestinal cancer diagnosis
      based on 1979-1984 endoscopies].
AB  - The results during the period 1979-1984 of intestinal endoscopies with brush
      cytology and biopsy of the same lesion at the same time were evaluated to define
      the value of these methods. Results were reported as "cancer present" or "not
      present" or as "suspicious/proving" versus "nonsuspicious for cancer" and were
      analyzed separately. Biopsy was shown to be of greater sensitivity than cytology
      in the stomach and cytology more sensitive in the colon. The combination of
      biopsy and cytology improved sensitivity, especially in the esophagus, small
      intestine and colon, and may help to dispense with unnecessary repetitions of
      endoscopic evaluations. The specificity was found to be extremely high when the
      results were reported as "cancer present" or "not present", with only one false
      positive report in a patient with ischemic colitis. In more than 60% the final
      diagnosis was cancer if the initial report showed suspicion of cancer, but the
      specificity of these results was low.

PMID- 4048896
TI  - [Pancreatic and intestinal adaptation following proximal or distal resection of
      the small intestine in the rat].
AB  - The comparative effect of a 50% proximal or distal enterectomy on the exocrine
      pancreas and the remaining intestine has been studied in the rat one month after
      operation. Distal enterectomy induces (1) growth of the pancreas, characterized
      by a parallel increase in pancreatic weight, protein, DNA, RNA, amylase, lipase
      and chymotrypsin content, (2) preferential adaptation of the remaining ileum.
      Proximal enterectomy did not modify the pancreatic parameters studied but brings
      about an adaptation of the duodenum, the remaining jejunum and the ileum. It is
      concluded that pancreatic and intestinal adaptations differ after proximal and
      distal enterectomy.

PMID- 4048897
TI  - [Significance of deficient bacterial colonization in the pathogenesis of mucosal
      lesions in experimental blind loop syndrome].
AB  - A complete evaluation of the bacterial flora in jejunal self-filling blind loops
      was performed. The results show a significant increase in bacteria of the genera
      E. coli, Streptococcus and Bacteroides. In further experiments, jejunal self
      filling blind loops were created in germ-free animals. In spite of the germ-free
      state the mucosa displayed marked hyperplasia. The same was true when the blind
      loops had been contaminated with aerobic bacteria. These results demonstrate that
      other factors in addition to bacterial overgrowth contribute to the mucosal
      damage observed in self-filling blind loops.

PMID- 4048898
TI  - [Quantitative and qualitative determination of the bacterial colonization of the
      rat jejunum following long-term feeding with an elemental diet].
AB  - Elemental diets are increasingly used in the treatment of enteral diseases, but
      only limited studies have been hitherto carried out to clarify their actions on
      the intestinal flora. Therefore, the jejunal flora was assessed in rats fed an
      elemental diet or standard pellet food over a period of 60 days. In both sets of
      animals similar numbers of colony-forming bacteria per ml intestinal content of
      the aerobic and anaerobic flora were found. In addition, the individual genera
      did not exhibit significant differences in control and experimental animals.
      Thus, long-term feeding with an elemental diet does not influence the jejunal
      flora of rats.

PMID- 4048899
TI  - [Antacids--gel or tablet. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study].
AB  - A double blind placebo controlled trial was conducted to compare the effect of
      two antacid brands (liquid and tablet form) on fasting and postprandial
      intragastric pH. In 9 healthy volunteers intragastric pH was continuously
      recorded by solid state memory on 6 occasions. 40 mmol of each antacid was given
      one hour before and after a standardized meal. The time during which pH was below
      3.5 during the first hour following each medication was, in the fasting state,
      56.7 +/- 2.1 min. with placebo tablets, 30.7 +/- 8.0 min. (p 0.05) with
      magaldrate tablets, 26.6 +/- 8.0 min. (p less than 0.01) with Al-Mg-hydroxide
      tablets, 46.1 +/- 6.1 min. with placebo liquid, 18.4 +/- 5.2 min. (p less than
      0.01) with magaldrate liquid, and 21.5 +/- 6.2 min. (p less than 0.01) with Al-Mg
      hydroxide liquid. Postprandially the respective periods of time were 48.3 +/- 4.9
      min. with placebo tablets, 45.4 +/- 4.6 min. (n.s.) with magaldrate tablets, 48.9
      +/- 5.6 min. (n.s.) with Al-Mg-hydroxide tablets, 46.7 +/- 7.9 min. with placebo
      liquid, 26.6 +/- 9.3 min. (p less than 0.05) with magaldrate liquid, and 28.0 +/-
      7.1 min. (p less than 0.05) with Al-Mg-hydroxide liquid. Both tested brands were
      equally effective. With regard to pH activity, both tested forms were more
      effective in fasting state than postprandially; tablets showed no measureable
      activity postprandially and were less effective than the liquid form. The
      usefulness of the usual medication of low-dosed antacids, one hour
      postprandially, is open to doubt.

PMID- 4048900
TI  - [Emergency surgery of complicated gastroduodenal ulcers: risk factors and
      results].
AB  - Between 1972 and 1981, 290 patients underwent emergency surgery in this
      Department for hemorrhagic (n = 104) or perforated (n = 186) gastric or duodenal
      ulcer. The introduction of cimetidine in 1977 did not influence the annual number
      of operations for complicated ulcer. Operative mortality was 15% for haemorrhage
      and 11% for perforation. Age, associated diseases, total bleeding, and delay
      between perforation and surgery were the most significant risk factors. In the
      case of inaugural complication or of brief peptic disease, simple closure, with a
      recurrence rate of 21%, remains the procedure of choice.

PMID- 4048901
TI  - [Cimetidine and tripotassium-dicitrato bismuthate (Duosol) in chronic duodenal
      ulcer].
AB  - In an open study, 40 patients with duodenal ulcer of several years' standing were
      treated for relapse with either TDB (De-Nol) or cimetidine. No difference in the
      relapse rate was observed during the subsequent 12 months. Analysis of the data
      in relation to smoking habits did, however, reveal an advantage (p less than
      0.05) for non-smokers during the first 6 months.

PMID- 4048902
TI  - [Adaptation of graduate gastroenterology education in Switzerland].
AB  - To evaluate the quality of Swiss postgraduate gastroenterological training, a
      questionnaire was circulated to 100 practising gastroenterologists. The results
      show that knowledge of psychosomatic problems, proctology and nutrition should be
      improved. The majority of practising Swiss gastroenterologists favoured formal
      education in ultrasound techniques. Radiological and laparoscopic techniques are
      no longer needed. The question whether postgraduate training standards should be
      raised, and a board examination introduced, is discussed.

PMID- 4048903
TI  - [Psychosocial adaptation with an artificial intestinal outlet].
AB  - A total of 1625 patients with colostomy, ileostomy or urostomy, including all
      members of the Swiss ILCO Association, received a questionnaire concerning their
      medical, social, family and personal situation. 948 questionnaires were analyzed.
      The mean age was 64 and the time since operation 6 years. 60% regarded their
      postoperative instruction in stoma care as adequate, but 32% were unhappy with
      the preoperative information. The transstomal colonic irrigation technique was
      still unknown to 21% of the colostomy patients and was utilized by only 32%. One
      year after the operation 69% of the patients with colostomy, 83% with ileostomy
      and 59% with urostomy in the under-62 age group were fully reintegrated in their
      professions. Acceptance of the stoma by family and friends was good and there
      were no major difficulties in practising sports and other hobbies. Sexuality
      proved to be the most seriously affected aspect of their personal lives, as 33%
      male and 13% female patients reported major problems.

PMID- 4048904
TI  - [Barrett esophagus. Retrospective study of 258 cases].
AB  - Barrett's esophagus, nearly always an acquired disease, is neither rare nor a
      curiosity, having been diagnosed in 258 out of 2573 patients with reflux
      esophagitis. It was associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma in 29 cases (11.2%)
      and with non-esophageal cancer in 72 cases (27.9%).

PMID- 4048905
TI  - [Interaction of alcohol and nutrition factors in the etiology of hepatic
      cirrhosis in men].
AB  - Habitual food and alcohol intake throughout adult life were assessed by interview
      in 211 patients suffering of liver cirrhosis and 387 control subjects selected at
      random from the corresponding general population. In the cirrhotics only the
      habits prior to clinical disease were taken into account. A significant dose
      response relationship between alcohol intake and relative risk of cirrhosis, as
      well as the protective effect of total caloric intake and of its protein
      fraction, was demonstrated by logistic regression analysis.

PMID- 4048906
TI  - [Buerger's thromboangiitis obliterans. Pathologico-anatomical analysis of 53
      cases].
AB  - Fifty-three clinically and morphologically verified cases of thromboangiitis
      obliterans have been analyzed. The histological characteristics of the disease
      are described. Male patients predominate in a ratio of 3.4:1. The mean age at the
      moment of biopsy/amputation was 40.7 years for the male and 44 years for the
      female patients. The lower extremity was affected in 45 cases (34 male, 11
      female) with preference for the lower leg arteries with or without inclusion of
      the popliteal artery. Only 8 cases (7 male, 1 female) were localized in the upper
      extremity with preference for the arteries of fingers and hand. The number of
      female patients with Buerger's disease has gradually increased during recent
      decades, probably due to increasing nicotine consumption among the female
      population. Thromboangiitis obliterans is a clinico-pathological entity clearly
      distinct from juvenile arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 4048908
TI  - ["Does dipyridamole (Persantin) possess antithrombotic activity?"].

PMID- 4048907
TI  - [Is optimal anticoagulation possible in ambulatory practice? Report on a
      retrospective 5-year study of a cardiology practice].
AB  - In a 5-year retrospective study (1982-1978) in a well defined population of 332
      patients (representing greater than or equal to 2140 anticoagulation years) from
      a heart specialist's practice, the question was studied whether optimum
      anticoagulation (Quick test between 18-29%, INR 4.0-2.75, Geigy thromboplastin,
      capillary blood method) with minimum complications could be achieved. In the
      qualitative study it was found that 75% of Quick determinations were in the
      optimum range for phenprocoumon, 71.6% for clorindion, 62% for acenocoumarol and
      72% for all anticoagulants. 77% of phenprocoumon patients were optimally
      anticoagulated for more than 3 years. With phenprocoumon there was no difference
      in intensity of anticoagulation between the oldest and youngest patient groups,
      as all mean Quick values ranged over 20% (means Q% 1982-1978 = 25, INR = 3.0). It
      was also shown that after 6 months' anticoagulant therapy it is clearly
      recognizable whether optimum anticoagulation is feasible or not: at that moment
      the criteria for halting or continuing anticoagulant therapy can and should be
      reviewed.

PMID- 4048909
TI  - [Pollinosis. IV. Which pollens should be tested in allergology practice? Results
      of determinations of allergy-causing pollens in the Zurich air 1981-1984, with
      reference to threshold concentrations].
AB  - The most important pollens causing pollinosis in Zurich include hazel (Corylus),
      alder (Alnus) and birch (Betula) in spring, grasses--including rye--in summer,
      and mugwort (Artemisia) in autumn. Investigations on airborne pollen of Zurich
      were conducted from 1981 to 1984, and assessed with special reference to
      threshold concentrations. The results show that sorrel (Rumex) and plantain
      (Plantago) also belong to the most important pollens and should therefore be
      included in the test spectrum for allergological examinations. The pollen of ash
      (Fraxinus), oak (Quercus), beech (Fagus) and plane tree (Platanus) was regularly
      found in high percentages during these years. Hence the clinical relevance of
      these tree pollens should not be underestimated, because successful diagnosis and
      therapy depends mainly on the use of the relevant strain of pollen.

PMID- 4048910
TI  - [Brucella spondylodiskitis].
AB  - In the light of two personal observations some epidemiological, radiological and
      serological aspects of brucellar spondylodiscitis are discussed. In Switzerland
      livestock is considered brucellosis-free, and hence spondylodiscitis has become
      an infectious disease imported from well known endemic brucellosis regions. The
      clinical picture is not very typical, except for circumscript vertebral
      pathology, and frequently the disease process lacks the humoral signs of
      inflammation and infection. Radiologically, early osseous reparative processes
      are characteristic, frequently with only minor destructive lesions. A tendency to
      spontaneous recovery is not uncommon and in fact is suggested by one of our own
      observations. The disease is, therefore, essentially different from tuberculous
      spondylitis. In only 20% of all cases can the presence of germs be shown in
      abscess or granulation tissue. Serologic tests provide valuable information but
      always point to a generic and not a specific diagnosis. Good therapeutic effects
      are obtained with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole which are possibly better than
      with combined therapy using tetracycline and streptomycin.

PMID- 4048911
TI  - [Myocardial involvement in nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis following an opiate
      overdose].
AB  - Eight young addicts developed rhabdomyolysis as a complication of heroin
      overdose. ECG, plasma enzyme time activity curves and thallium myocardial
      scintigraphy were highly suggestive of a myocardial lesion associated with
      rhabdomyolysis. Such changes were particularly striking in 3 patients with acute
      left ventricular failure, as shown by a hemodynamic investigation (3 patients)
      and by echocardiography (1 patient). All patients recovered but myocardial
      scintigraphy and ECG remained abnormal for a period ranging from 8 months to 3
      years following the acute episode. Although associated metabolic changes may play
      a role in myocardial dysfunction, the most likely mechanism appears to be a
      direct toxic effect of heroin on cardiac muscle.

PMID- 4048912
TI  - [Digitoxin-induced thrombopenia with recurrence after accidental reexposure].
AB  - One case of digitoxin-induced thrombopenia with relapse upon reexposure is
      reported. Cytopenia was each time rapidly reversible upon withdrawal of the
      medication. During the two episodes, blood digitoxin was superior to the
      generally accepted value. No thrombopenia was caused by administration of
      digoxin. The criteria for diagnosis and the difficulty of causal demonstration
      are discussed. Up to the present the literature has reported 11 cases of
      cardiotonic-induced thrombopenia. The features of these observations are
      reviewed.

PMID- 4048914
TI  - [Fat herniation through the diaphragm].
AB  - In 6 patients a hemispheric epidiaphragmatic shadow was observed in chest X-ray.
      It was located in the dorsolateral or dorsomedial aspect of the left diaphragm in
      4, on the left diaphragmatic cupola in 1, and in the right cardio-phrenic angle
      in 1. In each case the shadow was caused by herniation of fat through the
      diaphragm. In one case a hernia of Morgagni was found on thoracotomy. In the
      other 5 patients the diagnosis of fatty herniation was made by computed
      tomography, which demonstrated the small diaphragmatic defect as well as the
      fatty nature of the mass. These 5 patients did not undergo surgery as the
      herniation caused no symptoms.

PMID- 4048913
TI  - [Eosinophilic lung infiltration during malaria prophylaxis with pyrimethamine
      sulfadoxine (Fansidar)].
AB  - The case is reported of a 40-year-old woman who developed an eosinophilic lung
      infiltration during malaria prophylaxis with pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine
      (Fansidar). The patient had a severe condition with cough, fever, chills,
      dyspnea, weight loss and an unusual but characteristic radiologic picture.
      Corticosteroid medication was followed by a dramatic improvement in symptoms and
      complete resolution of the radiographic opacities within a few days. There was no
      recurrence after cessation of steroids. The authors believe that the cause of
      this lung disease was an allergic reaction to pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine
      (Fansidar). Some aspects of drug-induced eosinophilic pulmonary infiltrations are
      discussed.

PMID- 4048916
TI  - [Intestinal cryptosporidiosis: a rare diarrheal disease in man].
AB  - Report on a 12-year-old boy with diffuse abdominal pains, vomiting and lasting
      diarrhoea. All the usual bacteriological examinations for Salmonella, Shigella
      and Campylobacter were negative. Routine search for intestinal parasites by the
      MIF method was also negative. Cryptosporidium oocysts were, exceptionally,
      detected in stool smears from the two samples stained by the modified Ziehl
      Neelsen method.

PMID- 4048915
TI  - [Frequency of toxic-shock-syndrome-toxin producing strains of Staphylococcus
      aureus in the Basel region].
AB  - An attempt was made to explain the fact that toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is far
      less often observed among Swiss women than in the USA. To this end, 353 patients
      were examined for vaginal infection with Staphylococcus aureus, and 131 strains
      of Staphylococcus aureus of various origins tested for the formation of "toxic
      shock syndrome toxin one" (TSST-1). In addition, the patients were questioned
      about the use of tampons for menstrual hygiene. Taking all age groups into
      consideration, 2.3% of the 353 patients, and 4.8% of those younger than 27 years,
      were Staphylococcus aureus carriers. 19.8% of the tested strains of
      Staphylococcus aureus produced TSST-1. Since these figures are comparable with
      the US statistics, they afford no explanation for the difference in the incidence
      of TSS. On the other hand, it seems very probable that the much less common use
      of tampons, especially the highly absorbent variety, could be responsible. It is
      also possible that TSS is less often recognized and reported in Switzerland.

PMID- 4048917
TI  - [Acute secondary pseudo-obstruction of the colon (Ogilvie syndrome): experiences
      with endoscopic therapy].
AB  - Twenty-seven patients with acute secondary colonic pseudoobstruction have been
      studied before and after endoscopic decompression of the colon. 19 patients were
      treated by single endoscopic decompression and 8 patients who had, or were
      expected to have, recurrent pseudoobstruction were treated by endoscopy-assisted
      introduction of a double-lumen tube into the colon. 17 out of 27 patients had
      massive dilatation of the right hemicolon. 19 patients completely retained stools
      and had a dilated colon the day before the endoscopic treatment, while 8 out of
      27 patients still had passage of stool despite threatening dilatation of the
      colon. Initial decompression of the colon was achieved in all patients with both
      techniques, but cecal perforation developed in 1 patient. Normal colonic function
      returned in all patients who underwent single endoscopic decompression within
      three days, and in all patients treated with a colonic tube within 4 days (mean
      value). The success of endoscopic therapy of acute pseudoobstruction could not be
      explained by drugs administered before and after the endoscopic treatment. It is
      concluded that endoscopic decompression of the colon is an effective treatment
      for acute pseudoobstruction. Repeated colonoscopic decompression in refractory
      cases may be avoided by endoscopy-assisted placement of large caliber drainage
      tubes.

PMID- 4048918
TI  - [Neurologic complications of Behcet's syndrome. Apropos of a clinical case].
AB  - The case is reported of a Swiss woman with neuro-Behcet. She displayed all major
      findings of this disease, e.g. oral and genital ulcers, chorioretinitis,
      dermatologic lesions and arthritis, as well as a severe neurological syndrome
      consisting of conjugated paralysis of the vertical gaze (Parinaud's syndrome) and
      disorientation. Lumbar puncture confirmed meningoencephalitis. The success of
      cortisone therapy in the treatment of neuro-Behcet, and the potential of
      colchicine for prevention of new attacks of the disease, are discussed.

PMID- 4048919
TI  - [Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura in malignant lymphoma. Report of 2 cases and
      review of the literature].
AB  - Two cases are reported of thrombocytopenia mediated by platelet-directed
      autoantibodies occurring in a patient with Hodgkin's disease in remission and a
      patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma at the time of relapse. 0.5-1.5% of patients
      with malignant lymphoma have autoimmune thrombopenia, but few cases have been
      published. The detection of anti-platelet autoantibodies involves methodologic
      problems, and a specialized laboratory is needed for accurate diagnosis.
      Treatment is aimed at the malignant lymphoma, as steroids have little effect
      while the malignant disease is active. However, splenectomy may help even in
      these cases.

PMID- 4048920
TI  - [Presence of antibodies against the Swiss Rickettsia in wild and domestic mammals
      of the Canton of Neuchatel].

PMID- 4048921
TI  - [Adverse effects of anesthesia in dogs and cats. 2].

PMID- 4048922
TI  - [Study of pulmonary vascular lesions in cows with cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 4048923
TI  - [Glucocorticoid-induced pathologic changes in calves with special reference to
      myocardiopathy].

PMID- 4048924
TI  - Changes in circular dichroism and exposure of buried thiol groups during
      denaturation of rabbit muscle creatine kinase.
AB  - The denaturation of creatine kinase in guanidine solutions has been followed by
      both CD changes and the increase in rapid reacting SH groups. The rates of the
      exposure of SH groups are in general agreement with the ultraviolet absorbance
      and fluorescence changes reported previously whereas changes in the ellipticity
      of the enzyme molecule can be detected at low guanidine concentrations before
      significant changes in the exposure of the aromatic residues could be observed.
      On the other hand, the rates of changes in the mean residue ellipticity at 220 nm
      are clearly slower than the changes in ultraviolet absorbance, fluorescence and
      exposure of SH groups. It is suggested that the secondary structure of the
      external regions of the peptide chains is affected at low guanidine
      concentrations followed by gross changes in the tertiary structure of the
      molecule resulting in the exposure of the buried aromatic residues. The
      destruction of ordered secondary structure of the peptide chain is a slower
      process than the opening up of the folded tertiary structure of the molecule.

PMID- 4048925
TI  - Xenobiotic and endobiotic induction of mixed function monooxygenase in carp
      Cyprinus carpio.
AB  - 3-Methylcholanthrene (3-MC) significantly induces aryl hydrocarbon
      (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase (AHH) activity in mature and juvenile Cyprinus
      carpio of both sexes. The degree of induction of AHH by 3-MC in mature fish is
      significantly lower than that in juveniles and induction in mature males is
      significantly higher than in mature females. Pretreatment with sex steroids
      (testosterone in males and estradiol in females) significantly reduces 3-MC
      inducibility of AHH in both mature and juvenile fish, while gonadectomy in mature
      fish elevates AHH inducibility. AHH induction is slightly decreased by
      hydrocortisone and increased by metyrapone pretreatment in mature fish only.
      Gonadectomy further elevates metyrapone affected 3-MC inducibility of AHH in C.
      carpio.

PMID- 4048926
TI  - Psychological sequelae to carbon monoxide intoxication in the child.
AB  - Twenty children from 25 months to 15 years old at the time of carbon monoxide
      intoxication have been studied in a short-term follow-up, and 14 children in a
      long-term follow-up, as far as their psychological and cognitive faculties are
      concerned. The quality of recovery is a function of the severeness of the
      intoxication, but the intellectual level of the children, and primarily their age
      at the time of the intoxication, also play a major role.

PMID- 4048928
TI  - Heterotrophic bacteria in water distribution systems. I. Spatial and temporal
      variation.
AB  - The drinking water distribution system of the city of Metz in France was sampled
      intensively during six, monthly surveys which were designed to determine the
      spatial and temporal distribution of total heterotrophic bacteria in the network.
      A non-hierarchical nearest-centroid clustering method was used for dividing the
      water distribution system into zones corresponding to different levels of
      bacterial density. The general pattern of the spatial heterogeneity showed a high
      degree of reproducibility. Since the frequency distribution of total
      heterotrophic bacteria within the zones was compatible with the negative binomial
      distribution, the water distribution system studied may be considered as being
      composed of several heterogeneous subsystems. The consistency of this structured
      spatial dispersion pattern of bacteria in light of some physical and chemical
      characteristics of the system is evident. In consideration of the principal
      features of flow in the system relevant to the layout of water mains, the
      location of zones of highest bacterial concentrations have been attributed to
      lower levels of chlorine residuals and prolonged retention time of the water in
      the network, especially in the storage units, before reaching the various
      distribution areas. Although the monthly variation in the bacterial concentration
      of the entire system showed a marked increase which was concomitant with warmest
      water temperatures, the zones were subject to noticeable discrepancies in the
      range of temporal variation.

PMID- 4048927
TI  - Breast feeding: Mo, As, Mn, Zn and Cu concentrations in milk of economically poor
      Indian tribal and urban women.
AB  - The breast milk of 86 economically poor Indian women was analysed by neutron
      activation analyses for Mo, As, Mn, Zn, and Cu concentrations. The colostrum of
      10 tribal women contained 0.27 microgram Cu/g, 2.1 micrograms Zn/g, 19.9 ng Mn/g,
      0.73 ng As/g and 5.4 ng Mo/g, whereas 19 urban women had corresponding
      concentrations of 0.91 microgram Cu/g, 7.3 micrograms Zn/g, 15.3 ng Mn/g, 0.5 ng
      As/g and 15.3 ng Mo/g. A survey of mature milk between 1 and 6 months, 6 and 12
      months and 1 and 2.5 years indicated decreasing concentrations of Zn and Mo, but
      increasing Mn concentrations as the post-partum period progressed. Malnourished
      infants received breast milk containing less Cu, Zn and Mn than those who were
      better nourished and of the same age group. The results, therefore, imply the
      necessity of supplementing breast feeds in the economically poorer groups.

PMID- 4048929
TI  - Heterotrophic bacteria in water distribution systems. II. Sampling design for
      monitoring.
AB  - In this paper, which is a continuation of the work presented in Part I in this
      issue, previous information on the spatial and temporal variability of
      bacteriological data from a water distribution system is used to develop a
      sampling design for use in future water quality monitoring. The water
      distribution system is considered to be composed of several zones where the
      variation of bacterial counts in each zone is modelled by the negative binomial
      distribution. Under the assumption that the objective of monitoring is to
      determine whether or not the mean bacterial density of the water exceeds a
      specific standard, a criterion is given which determines the optimal number of
      sampling stations allocated to each zone. These stations are determined by
      assuming that either the risk of sampling (i.e. making the wrong decision) is
      prespecified or that the total number of stations to be sampled is predetermined.
      Sequential sampling to evaluate the compliance of the water with the standard is
      also discussed.

PMID- 4048930
TI  - An assessment of the contribution from paint flakes to the lead content of some
      street and household dusts.
AB  - A method has been developed for estimating crudely the quantity of lead in dusts
      derived from paint flakes. This involves an assessment of the paint mass in the
      dust: gravimetrically in the coarse fractions, and by microscopic measurement in
      the fine fractions. Some street and house dust samples were examined. The street
      dusts contained up to 20% of lead from paint, and the house dusts up to 15%.
      However, it was the least lead-polluted dusts that contained the highest
      proportions of lead from paint. In the samples examined the paint flakes
      contained only low to moderate amounts of lead (0.07-4.21% w/w) and in the case
      of high lead paints the contribution from this source could be considerably
      greater.

PMID- 4048931
TI  - Measurements of alkyllead compounds in the gas and aerosol phase in urban and
      rural atmospheres.
AB  - Alkyllead compounds in the gas and aerosol phase were determined simultaneously
      in urban and rural atmospheres using gas chromatography--atomic absorption
      spectroscopy and wet chemical (iodine monochloride) methods. The difference in
      results between the two methods suggests the presence of vapour-phase tri-
      (and/or di-)alkyllead in both urban and rural air. Concentrations of 0.06-1.6 and
      16-205 ng Pb m-3 were found for vapour-phase organolead compounds other than
      tetraalkyllead in rural and kerbside urban air, respectively. Tetraalkyllead and
      trialkyllead compounds were identified in atmospheric aerosols at both sites, but
      these were found to be present at concentrations less than 1.2% of the total gas
      phase alkyllead.

PMID- 4048932
TI  - An overview of environmental and toxicological aspects of aromatic hydrocarbons.
      IV. Ethylbenzene.
AB  - The solvent aspects of exposure to ethylbenzene are reviewed via an initial
      examination of the production, use, occurrence, and disposition of ethylbenzene
      as well as populations potentially at risk. While occupational exposure to
      ethylbenzene during its production and subsequent conversion to styrene is
      believed to be minimal, the broader occupational exposure to ethylbenzene during
      the production and use of 'mixed xylenes' is another area of concern. The general
      public can be exposed to ethylbenzene in ambient air as a result of its
      occurrence in motor vehicle exhaust. Additional exposure can arise in indoor
      environments, mostly from passive exposure to cigarette smoke. Ethylbenzene is
      primarily an irritant to the skin and mucous membranes and possesses narcotic
      properties at high concentrations.

PMID- 4048933
TI  - Hazardous lead release from glazed dinnerware: a cautionary note.
AB  - Numerous pieces of contemporary glazed pottery dinnerware made in Italy and
      Mexico have been shown to release excessive amounts of lead, greater than 1000
      ppm in several instances. Extended use with frequent scouring increased the lead
      release. This pottery, manufactured under obsolete conditions, may be imported
      into the United States by tourists, retail merchants and immigrants, and used for
      daily cooking and storage of food and beverages. Our findings demonstrate a
      potentially widespread health hazard both in the countries of origin of the
      pottery and the countries of importation.

PMID- 4048934
TI  - Fluorescence digital imaging microscopy in cell biology.
AB  - Developments in microscope, sensor, and image-processing technologies have led to
      integrated systems for the quantification of low-light-level emission signals
      from biological samples. Specificity is provided in the form of monoclonal
      antibodies and other ligands or enzyme substrates conjugated with efficient
      fluorophores. Fluorescent probes are also available for cellular macromolecular
      constituents and for free ions of biological interest such as H+ and Ca2+. The
      entire spectrum of photophysical phenomena can be exploited. Representative data
      are presented from studies of DNA conformation and architecture in polytene
      chromosomes and from studies of receptor-mediated endocytosis, calcium
      distribution, and the organization of the contractile apparatus in muscle cells.

PMID- 4048935
TI  - Closing in on the muscular dystrophy gene.

PMID- 4048936
TI  - Induction of autoimmune thyroiditis in chickens by dietary iodine.
AB  - Clinical studies have suggested that excess dietary iodine promotes autoimmune
      thyroiditis; however, the lack of a suitable animal model has hampered
      investigation of the phenomenon. In this study, different amounts of potassium
      iodide were added to the diets of chicken strains known to be genetically
      susceptible to autoimmune thyroiditis. Administration of iodine during the first
      10 weeks of life increased the incidence of the disease, as determined by
      histology and the measurement of autoantibodies to triiodothyronine, thyroxine,
      and thyroglobulin. Further support for the relation between iodine and autoimmune
      thyroiditis was provided by an experiment in which iodine-deficient regimens
      decreased the incidence of thyroid autoantibodies in a highly susceptible strain.
      These results suggest that excessive consumption of iodine in the United States
      may be responsible for the increased incidence of autoimmune thyroiditis.

PMID- 4048937
TI  - Leukotrienes as mediators in tissue trauma.
AB  - A significant increase in the production of cysteinyl leukotrienes was observed
      after mechanical or thermal trauma in the anesthesized rat. The amount of biliary
      N-acetyl-leukotriene E4, which represents a suitable indicator for blood plasma
      leukotrienes, was used as a measure of leukotriene generation. Cysteinyl
      leukotrienes were rapidly eliminated from blood plasma into bile where N-acetyl
      leukotriene E4 was the major metabolite. Leukotrienes were at a much lower
      concentration in blood plasma than in bile and differed in the pattern of
      metabolites. The detected amounts of leukotrienes were sufficient to induce known
      phenomena associated with trauma, such as tissue edema and circulatory and
      respiratory dysfunction. Increased leukotriene generation appears to play an
      important role in the pathophysiology of tissue trauma.

PMID- 4048938
TI  - Multiple mechanisms of protein insertion into and across membranes.
AB  - Protein localization in cells is initiated by the binding of characteristic
      leader (signal) peptides to specific receptors on the membranes of mitochondria
      or endoplasmic reticulum or, in bacteria, to the plasma membrane. There are
      differences in the timing of protein synthesis and translocation into or across
      the bilayer and in the requirement for a transmembrane electrochemical potential.
      Comparisons of protein localization in these different membranes suggest
      underlying common mechanisms.

PMID- 4048939
TI  - X-ray structure of the major adduct of the anticancer drug cisplatin with DNA:
      cis-[Pt(NH3)2(d(pGpG))].
AB  - Crystals of the adduct of the anticancer drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II),
      cis-DDP, with d(pGpG), its putative target on DNA in the cancer cell, have been
      obtained and used in an x-ray crystallographic study to elucidate the molecular
      structure to atomic resolution. Each of the four crystallographically independent
      cis-[Pt(NH3)2(d(pGpG))] molecules is comprised of a square-planar platinum atom
      bonded to two ammonia ligands and two N(7) atoms of guanosine nucleosides from
      the same chain. Base stacking of the two adjacent guanine rings is completely
      disrupted by coordination to the cis-(Pt(NH3)2)2+ unit. Comparison of the
      backbone and deoxyribose ring torsion angles with those found by previous
      (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) studies of this adduct in solution
      demonstrates that the solid state geometry is substantially the same as that in
      solution. The relevance of these results to the molecular mechanism of action of
      cis-DDP is discussed.

PMID- 4048940
TI  - Congress readies AIDS funding transfusion.

PMID- 4048941
TI  - The academy kills a nutrition report.

PMID- 4048942
TI  - Encoding of spatial location by posterior parietal neurons.
AB  - The cortex of the inferior parietal lobule in primates is important for spatial
      perception and spatially oriented behavior. Recordings of single neurons in this
      area in behaving monkeys showed that the visual sensitivity of the retinotopic
      receptive fields changes systematically with the angle of gaze. The activity of
      many of the neurons can be largely described by the product of a gain factor that
      is a function of the eye position and the response profile of the visual
      receptive field. This operation produces an eye position-dependent tuning for
      locations in head-centered coordinate space.

PMID- 4048943
TI  - Colon cancer screening.
AB  - Figure 10 on page 351 of the Research Article "Constitutive and conditional
      suppression of exogenous and endogenous genes by anti-sense RNA" by J. G. Izant
      and H. Weintraub (26 July, p. 345) was reproduced erroneously, so that the green
      stain (NBD-phallacidin) of the actin filaments was not chromatically resolved.
      The micrographs are intended to document the specific disruption of the actin
      microfilament distribution, while the RNA and DNA staining pattern (orange-red)
      was unaffected. The correct figure and legend appear below.

PMID- 4048944
TI  - The changing view of neural specificity.
AB  - The generation of specific patterns of neuronal connections has usually been
      regarded as a central problem in neurobiology. The prevailing view for many years
      has been that these connections are established by complementary recognition
      molecules on the pre- and postsynaptic cells (the chemoaffinity theory).
      Experimental results obtained in the past decade, however, indicate that the view
      that axon guidance and synaptogenesis proceed according to restrictive chemical
      markers is too narrow. Although a more rigid plan may prevail in some
      invertebrates, the formation of specific connections in vertebrates also involves
      competition between axon terminals, trophic feedback between pre- and
      postsynaptic cells, and modification of connections by functional activity.

PMID- 4048945
TI  - New directions for the IOM. Interview by Gina Kolata.

PMID- 4048946
TI  - Congress passes NIH bill.

PMID- 4048947
TI  - Enzymatic removal of bilirubin from blood: a potential treatment for neonatal
      jaundice.
AB  - Current treatments for severe jaundice can result in major complications.
      Neonatal jaundice is caused by excessive accumulation of bilirubin in the blood.
      A small blood filter containing immobilized bilirubin oxidase was developed to
      reduce serum bilirubin concentrations. When human or rat blood was passed through
      the enzyme filter, more than 90 percent of the bilirubin was degraded in a single
      pass. This procedure may have important applications in the clinical treatment of
      neonatal jaundice.

PMID- 4048948
TI  - Vision guides the adjustment of auditory localization in young barn owls.
AB  - Barn owls raised with one ear plugged make systematic errors in auditory
      localization when the earplug is removed. Young owls correct their localization
      errors within a few weeks. However, such animals did not correct their auditory
      localization errors when deprived of vision. Moreover, when prisms were mounted
      in front of their eyes, they adjusted their auditory localization to match the
      visual error induced by the prisms, as long as the visual and auditory errors
      were within the same quadrant of directions. The results demonstrate that, during
      development, the visual system provides the spatial reference for fine-tuning
      auditory localization.

PMID- 4048949
TI  - Evolution of bunyaviruses by genome reassortment in dually infected mosquitoes
      (Aedes triseriatus).
AB  - Aedes triseriatus mosquitoes became dually infected after ingesting two mutants
      of LaCrosse (LAC) virus simultaneously or after ingesting, by interrupted
      feeding, the two viruses sequentially within a 2-day period. After 2 weeks of
      incubation, approximately 25 percent of the vectors contained new virus genotypes
      as the result of RNA segment reassortment. New viruses were transmitted when the
      mosquitoes fed on mice. Viruses ingested more than 2 days after the initial
      infecting virus did not cause superinfection of the mosquito vectors.

PMID- 4048950
TI  - Emotions and facial expression.

PMID- 4048951
TI  - Intracellular free calcium localization in neutrophils during phagocytosis.
AB  - Intracellular free calcium (Ca2+ i) is thought to be an important second
      messenger for phagocyte functions. The fluorescent indicator Quin2 was used to
      measure and visualize [Ca2+]i in human neutrophils during chemotaxis toward, and
      phagocytosis of, opsonized zymosan. In neutrophils migrating toward zymosan,
      [Ca2+]i was highest in the lamellipodium. Neutrophils ingesting opsonized zymosan
      had the highest [Ca2+]i in the pseudopods and periphagosomal cytoplasm. Most of
      the increase in [Ca2+]i was from extracellular sources. Regional increments in
      [Ca2+]i are strategically located to modulate such cellular functions as
      chemotaxis, oxidative activity, and degranulation.

PMID- 4048952
TI  - Hemostasis changes during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.
AB  - A number of hemostasis parameters were studied in a total of 63 patients
      undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for open heart surgery. In 33 patients
      fibrinogen, Factors II, V, VIII:C, X, XI, antithrombin, plasminogen, alpha 2
      antiplasmin, and platelet counts were assayed before surgery, during maximal
      hypothermia, at the end of the bypass procedure, before and after protamine
      sulfate infusion, in the intensive care unit, and 48 hours postoperatively. All
      factors assayed decreased markedly when the patients were placed on the bypass
      machine, the drop fairly well paralleling the decrease in hematocrit. During
      bypass the factors remained low, although a slight tendency toward an increase
      was noted. Only platelet counts remained low with a decreasing trend until the
      end of bypass. In the intensive care unit a second decrease in fibrinogen,
      Factors II and V and antithrombin was noted. This drop was unrelated to four
      patients who experienced a greater blood loss during this time than the others.
      Forty-eight hours postoperatively, a marked increase could be found in all
      clotting factors and near normal levels were measured. Platelet counts remained
      low, however. The decrease in factors rarely dropped into a range where one would
      expect a compromised hemostasis (less than 30%). Although antithrombin levels
      decreased below 60%, no difficulties with heparinization were encountered.
      Several factors were assayed manually and by automated analyzer (Multistat III),
      and excellent correlations were found between both procedures. Also a good
      correlation was found between the activated whole blood clotting times and
      quantitative heparin assays. In 30 additional patients platelet function was
      studied before surgery, after thoracotomy, after heparin administration, after
      initiation of bypass, at maximal hypothermia, before and after protamine sulfate
      infusion, and 24 hours postoperatively. Platelet counts once again decreased as
      patients were placed on the CPB machine and remained low throughout the
      procedure. Mean platelet volumes were unchanged until protamine was given. At
      that time, a significant drop in mean platelet volume was recorded. Twenty-four
      hours postoperatively the volumes were normal again. Platelet aggregation studies
      were performed on a whole blood aggregometer using two concentrations of ADP,
      collagen, and ristocetin as aggregation inducers. A significant decrease in
      aggregability was seen when the patients were connected to the CPB
      apparatus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4048953
TI  - Increased anti-Xa bioavailability for a low molecular weight heparin (PK 10169)
      compared with unfractionated heparin.

PMID- 4048954
TI  - In vivo neutralization of low-molecular weight heparin fraction CY 216 by
      protamine.
AB  - The neutralization in vivo of a low molecular weight heparin by protamine was
      investigated. Large doses and excessive doses of intravenously administered CY
      216 were studied. An intravenous injection of protamine given 10 minutes after
      the administration of CY 216 did not cause the studied biologic parameters to
      return to normal levels, but merely attenuated them, whatever the protamine
      dosage tested. In contrast, the bleeding time and the volume of blood loss
      resumed normal values that were close to those observed in the controls. This
      dissociation of actions cannot be explained at present. The ratio of protamine to
      CY 216 dosage that produced the best results was 1 antiheparin U of protamine to
      2 anti-Xa U of CY 216. Nevertheless CY 216 appeared to have a small hemorrhagic
      potential.

PMID- 4048955
TI  - Oral administration of low molecular weight heparin fractions in rabbits.
AB  - A number of studies, including our own, have demonstrated that heparin was not
      absorbed when administered directly in solution by the oral route. We have
      attempted to enhance the absorption of orally administered heparin by applying
      three different approaches: the use of heparin fractions of various molecular
      weights lower than 6000 D, the complexation of one fraction with glycine (to
      adjust the ionization of the drug), and the use of gastroresistant capsules
      administered directly into the stomach. None of these measures resulted in
      significantly increased absorption, although large doses were administered
      (15,000 anti-Xa U/kg). New studies will therefore be necessary if heparin and its
      fractions are to be provided with a satisfactory capacity to be absorbed.

PMID- 4048956
TI  - Treatment of heparin-associated thrombocytopenia and thrombosis with low
      molecular weight heparin (CY 216).
AB  - This report concerns 34 cases of heparin-associated thrombocytopenia in which
      standard heparin has been systematically replaced by LMW heparin CY 216 Choay.
      There were 21 women and 13 men, mean age, 69 years. Twenty-six of the 34 cases
      had thrombotic complications. All of the patients were treated by standard
      heparin of porcine mucosal origin, in most cases for prevention of deep vein
      thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Twenty-six cases occurred along with
      orthopedic and traumatologic surgery (especially for total hip replacement, 15
      cases). Four cases involved vascular surgery and three involved medical
      thrombotic disease. Standard heparin treatment was always replaced by LMW heparin
      CY 216. Initial doses were 0.30 ml three times daily, later increased to obtain
      global hypocoagulability. Surgical procedures (embolectomy and vena cava filter)
      were carried out when necessary. Five patients had thrombolytic treatment
      (urokinase) in conjunction with LMW heparin. The overall results were 31
      recoveries, but with seven severe sequelae (three amputations and four
      hemiplegias) most often attributable to the first ischemic attack, and three
      deaths. For the last 16 patients, indirect platelet aggregation tests were
      performed (control platelet-rich plasma plus patient platelet-poor plasma plus
      LMW heparin): nine cases had negative tests, with nine recoveries and seven cases
      had positive tests, with five recoveries and two deaths.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4048957
TI  - [Early surgical treatment of traumatic paraplegia with an external fixation
      device and diagonal vertebroplasty].

PMID- 4048958
TI  - [What is the value of Goetze's wire cerclage in treating torsion fractures of the
      lower leg?].

PMID- 4048959
TI  - [Is replacement of the meniscus on the anterior cruciate ligament really a
      historical method?].

PMID- 4048960
TI  - [Dissecting esophageal hematoma following thoracic aorta rupture].

PMID- 4048961
TI  - [Rare compound fractures of the lower leg. 2 case reports].

PMID- 4048962
TI  - Tumor cell heterogeneity.

PMID- 4048963
TI  - Tumor cell heterogeneity: implications for clinical practice.

PMID- 4048964
TI  - The cellular heterogeneity of malignant neoplasms: implications for adjuvant
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 4048965
TI  - Genetic instability in the development of drug resistance.

PMID- 4048966
TI  - Implications of tumor cell heterogeneity for in vitro drug sensitivity testing.

PMID- 4048967
TI  - Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group Intraperitoneal Therapy Workshop. Proceedings
      of an International Symposium. March 16-17, 1985. Orlando, Florida.

PMID- 4048968
TI  - Theoretical and experimental bases of intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
AB  - Pharmacokinetic theory predicts that a large and potentially exploitable
      concentration difference occurs between the peritoneal cavity and the plasma
      after many anticancer drugs are administered intraperitoneally in large volume.
      Unresolved issues remain, particularly concerning the depth of penetration of
      drugs into tumor nodules growing on peritoneal surfaces. Recent studies in the
      rat showed a steep concentration gradient of small marker molecules in a variety
      of normal tissues. The concentration in the stomach and small and large
      intestines decreased to 10% of the value at the serosal surface in about 0.5 mm
      or less. Human serum albumin showed deeper penetration, particularly in the
      diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall.

PMID- 4048969
TI  - Colorectal cancer: speculations on the role of intraperitoneal therapy.
AB  - Treatment of colorectal cancer beyond surgical resection has had only minimal
      success in the past. Studies are therefore examining the most advantageous use of
      currently available treatment methods. Most experience with colorectal cancer has
      involved 5-fluorouracil; alternatives for adjuvant therapy include combination
      therapy, immunotherapy, and locoregional therapy. Some success has also been
      reported with portal vein infusion or intraperitoneal administration of
      chemotherapeutic agents. Comparison of recurrence data indicates that
      approximately one third of patients with extrapelvic colorectal cancer can be
      expected to have peritoneal seeding. Many factors, including selection of
      patients and chemotherapeutic agents, method of administration, devices used, and
      techniques for monitoring patients affect the results of any clinical study.
      Future directions for the adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer might involve
      the addition of other agents to the intraperitoneal regimen or of whole abdominal
      or liver radiation, and also concomitant systemic or portal vein 5-fluorouracil.

PMID- 4048970
TI  - Adjuvant therapy in rectal cancer: a protocol proposal.
AB  - The use of adjuvant radiation therapy and chemotherapy diminishes the likelihood
      of local-regional and distant recurrences and appears to prolong survival in
      patients who have undergone a complete surgical resection of a Dukes-Kirklin
      stage B2 or C rectal cancer. Patients with this malignant condition rarely
      develop peritoneal recurrences and therefore do not seem to be an appropriate
      group in which to evaluate the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy in
      gastrointestinal cancer. Such individuals, however, might serve as ideal subjects
      to examine objectively the merits of prolonged, ambulatory infusional
      chemotherapy through a prospective clinical trial comparing postoperative
      radiation therapy combined with 5-FU given in either protracted continuous
      infusional or intermittent bolus schedules.

PMID- 4048971
TI  - The clinical setting and pharmacology of intraperitoneal chemotherapy: an
      overview.
AB  - Intraperitoneal chemotherapy first arose in response to unrelated studies
      introducing such concepts as the presence of a peritoneal diffusion barrier that
      acted to slow the systemic release of the drug and the incidence of small miliary
      nodules remaining on the peritoneal surface after initial clinical response.
      These minimum residual disease patients were considered the best clinical group
      for early study of intraperitoneal therapy. The problem of access to the
      peritoneal cavity was solved with the Tenckhoff catheter, which had previously
      been used for whole peritoneal dialysis in nephrology patients. There was also
      some concern about drug distribution, but a radiologic visualization technique
      was developed that revealed distribution to be satisfactory in most patients.
      Systemic delivery of the study drug was not shown to be compromised by
      intraperitoneal administration of 5-fluorouracil, an agent that has advantageous
      activity for ovarian cancer therapy. Cisplatin, however, was generally considered
      the most efficacious drug for treatment of this disease, although it has not yet
      been extensively studied. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy is currently attracting a
      great deal of attention, and its potential applications are many.

PMID- 4048972
TI  - Statistical aspects of intraperitoneal chemotherapy studies.
AB  - When designing adjuvant studies of intraperitoneal therapy, the presumed activity
      of the treatment on the peritoneal surface makes control of peritoneal recurrence
      a possible alternative to the survival endpoint. Consideration of the potential
      impact of different endpoints on study sample size is presented. Disease sites
      for application and issues of implementation unique to studies of this type are
      discussed.

PMID- 4048973
TI  - The rationale behind intraperitoneal chemotherapy in gastrointestinal
      malignancies.
AB  - Local regional chemotherapy has yet to be proven superior to other methods of
      drug administration. While current studies are underway to assess the value of
      intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies,
      many factors affect the success of such trials. Route of delivery and drug
      metabolism are all important. It is theorized that local exposure of liver with
      high concentrations of drug (even considering the limited efficacy of available
      agents) will result in improved tumor kill. In GI tumors, the putative route of
      spread is through the portal system to the liver. Intraperitoneal (IP)
      administration of drug offers an opportunity to deliver high concentrations of
      drug to local intraperitoneal surfaces, and, if there is sufficient hepatic
      extraction, IP administration also delivers a high concentration of drug to the
      liver. In a study of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in patients with metastatic colorectal
      carcinomas, high portal drug concentrations were achieved by this method of
      administration. It was concluded that IP therapy is an excellent method of
      delivering high concentrations of 5-FU and possibly other drugs to the hepatic
      parenchyma as well as to the intraperitoneal space. Since the effectiveness of
      such administration of still unclear, further clinical trials are indicated.

PMID- 4048974
TI  - Melphalan and cytarabine administered intraperitoneally as single agents and
      combination intraperitoneal chemotherapy with cisplatin and cytarabine.
AB  - At the UCSD Cancer Center several chemotherapeutic agents have been evaluated for
      safety and clinical utility when delivered by the intraperitoneal route. Both
      melphalan and cytarabine have demonstrated a major pharmacokinetic advantage for
      peritoneal cavity exposure to drug compared to that of the plasma when these
      agents are administered directly into the abdominal cavity. In addition, limited
      clinical efficacy for both agents has been demonstrated. In one experimental
      system cisplatin and cytarabine have shown significant concentration-dependent
      synergy. As intraperitoneal drug delivery allows one to administer extremely high
      concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents to tumors localized to the abdominal
      cavity, this therapeutic approach is perhaps the optimal method for producing
      clinically relevant concentration-dependent drug synergy. Patients with
      refractory ovarian carcinoma and other tumors principally confined to the
      peritoneal cavity have demonstrated subjective and objective improvement
      following intraperitoneal therapy with a cisplatin-cytarabine-based
      chemotherapeutic regimen.

PMID- 4048975
TI  - Experimental and clinical results with intraperitoneal cisplatin.
AB  - Up to 30% of ovarian cancer patients with minimal residual disease may achieve a
      complete remission with intraperitoneal cisplatin therapy. This mode of therapy,
      however, is toxic and cumbersome. Sodium thiosulfate was shown to protect renal
      function, as well as lessen hematologic complications of cisplatin therapy. A
      major problem with cisplatin in terms of achieving maximal therapeutic dosages is
      neurotoxicity. Different platinum chemotherapeutic agents, pharmacodynamics, and
      pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal administration, and rescue agents other than
      sodium thiosulfate are presently being investigated by The Netherlands Cancer
      Institute.

PMID- 4048976
TI  - Current therapy of ovarian carcinoma: an overview.
AB  - Significant advances in the management of ovarian carcinoma have been developed
      over the last decade of research. The advanced nature of the disease in a
      majority of the patients has underlined the importance of systemic therapy in the
      treatment of patients with ovarian carcinoma. The last decade has seen the
      identification of cisplatin-based combinations of drugs as superior to single
      alkylating agents in the treatment of advanced disease. The importance of
      aggressive surgical bulk reduction in terms of improved response to chemotherapy
      and survival has been demonstrated, and the necessity for careful surgical
      staging of disease both before chemotherapy and at the completion of treatment
      has been emphasized. A number of exciting new alternative therapies are currently
      being investigated: intraperitoneal chemotherapy, whole abdominal radiotherapy,
      biologic response modifiers, and in vitro drug sensitivity testing with the human
      tumor stem cell assay. The role of these various alternatives is not clear at
      this time, but their potential for significant contributions to the treatment of
      ovarian carcinoma holds major promise. For the present, the essentials of
      management of these patients include careful staging including laparotomy,
      aggressive surgical bulk reduction, and cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy.

PMID- 4048977
TI  - Surgical considerations in ovarian cancer.
AB  - A primary consideration for effective management of ovarian cancer is
      distinguishing patients with advanced bulky disease from those with other stages
      of disease. It is important to determine whether a tumor is confined to one ovary
      or is more wide-spread. Surgical management includes removal of both ovaries and
      tubes, the uterus, omentum, and bulk of the disease. The degree of bulk reduction
      achieved significantly impacts on survival. Conservation is justified in some
      cases. Intraperitoneal treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy postsurgery
      appears to substantially benefit patients with minimal residual disease. In a
      study comparing two catheter methods, fewer complications were noted with the
      disposable single-use catheter than with the implanted catheter. Surgical
      endstaging can definitively identify cured patients. However, it is a difficult
      procedure and is contraindicated in patients with severe intercurrent illness,
      previous extensive radiotherapy, and an obliterated peritoneal cavity.

PMID- 4048978
TI  - Surgical considerations in gastric cancer.
AB  - The American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for gastric cancer is
      presented and its importance for defining prognosis and therapy is described. The
      report of the Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group concerning adjuvant chemotherapy
      for gastric cancer is presented and the criteria for curative and noncurative
      resections are elucidated. The concepts of intraperitoneal chemotherapy, as an
      adjunct to aggressive surgical resection, is discussed.

PMID- 4048979
TI  - Pharmacologic reversal of drug resistance in ovarian cancer.
AB  - Drug resistance is a major problem in the treatment of ovarian cancer. We have
      developed human ovarian cancer cell lines with varying degrees of resistance and
      sensitivity to cisplatin, melphalan, and doxorubicin. The steep dose-response
      relationships in other lines support the rationale for high-dose therapy either
      by intraperitoneal or systemic administration of drugs. The demonstration that
      some of the resistant cell lines have a decreased accumulation of doxorubicin and
      that resistance in these lines can be reversed by a calcium channel blocker has
      led to a clinical trial of verapamil plus doxorubicin in refractory ovarian
      cancer patients. It has also been demonstrated that resistance to cisplatin and
      melphalan is associated with increased levels of glutathione. Pharmacologic
      depletion of glutathione with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione
      synthesis, increases the cytotoxicity of melphalan and cisplatin in drug
      sensitive and resistant cell lines.

PMID- 4048980
TI  - Intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the management of ovarian cancer.
AB  - Initial phase I trials of intraperitoneal chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients
      demonstrated that a pharmacologic advantage was achieved with the direct
      instillation of drugs into the peritoneal cavity. Recent trials have reported
      that approximately 30% of patients who have small-volume residual disease
      following induction chemotherapy will achieve a complete remission with
      intraperitoneal cisplatin. The demonstrated effectiveness and acceptable toxicity
      makes cisplatin the current drug of choice in the intraperitoneal therapy of
      ovarian cancer patients. Additional clinical studies are required to determine
      the role of combinations intraperitoneally, the necessity of intravenous sodium
      thiosulfate for use with intraperitoneal cisplatin, the activity of other agents,
      the optimum techniques to deliver intraperitoneal drugs, and the appropriate
      clinical situations where intraperitoneal therapy should be used in the overall
      management of ovarian cancer.

PMID- 4048981
TI  - Intraperitoneal chemotherapy: technical experience at five institutions.
AB  - With the rapid expansion of research programs examining intraperitoneal
      chemotherapy for ovarian cancer and other intraabdominal malignancies, there is a
      need for a reliable and safe access to the peritoneal cavity. The technical
      experience accumulated with either the Tenckhoff catheter or the Port-A-Cath in
      288 patients treated at five institutions showed a low incidence of catheter
      related peritonitis (5% and 8%, respectively), skin infection (6.6% and 0%), and
      bowel perforation following surgical implantation (3.5% and 1.3%). Postoperative
      leakage of intraabdominal fluid, bleeding, or ileus were uncommon and easily
      controlled. Drainage failure was the major problem with both systems; occurring
      in 45% of patients. Although both systems are workable, improved catheters for
      the administration of intraperitoneal chemotherapy are warranted.

PMID- 4048982
TI  - Managing intraperitoneal chemotherapy: a medical, nursing, and personal
      challenge.
AB  - Collaboration between physicians and nurses is particularly important in research
      studies involving such innovative treatment methods as intraperitoneal
      chemotherapy. In addition to assistance in the design of protocols, the nursing
      staff is responsible for setting up standards of care, management of dialysis
      treatments, and patient education and emotional support. Evaluation of
      complications and side effects of treatment as well as documentation of this
      information are essential nursing responsibilities. Finally, the possible
      contribution of the nurse to research, in terms of evaluation of guidelines,
      treatment effects, and patient education tools, is gaining recognition. Most
      important, by working together, nurses and physicians can make greater progress
      toward improving the quality of care--as well as the quality of life--of the
      cancer patient.

PMID- 4048983
TI  - The national childhood immunisation programmes in Singapore.

PMID- 4048984
TI  - Cerebral palsy in Singapore children.

PMID- 4048985
TI  - Parasuicides in Kuala Lumpur reasons for the attempt.

PMID- 4048986
TI  - Psychological aspects of patients on haemodialysis.

PMID- 4048987
TI  - How useful is the CAT scan for investigating epilepsy?

PMID- 4048988
TI  - The incidence of upper gastro-intestinal disease in a Malaysian community.

PMID- 4048989
TI  - The aetiology of urethral discharge in men.

PMID- 4048990
TI  - Indirect ankle, brachial and direct intra-arterial blood pressure measurements.

PMID- 4048991
TI  - Selective cervical conization following colposcopy: a critical evaluation of 107
      cases.

PMID- 4048992
TI  - Acetylator phenotype in Chinese patients with spontaneous systemic lupus
      erythematosus.

PMID- 4048993
TI  - Isolations of "group F vibrios" from human stools.

PMID- 4048994
TI  - Serological detection of enterotoxin from food poisoning strains of
      Staphylococcus aureus isolated in Malaysia.

PMID- 4048995
TI  - Periorbital swelling--complication from adjacent structures. Case reports and
      review of literature.

PMID- 4048996
TI  - [Social disparities in medical consumption].
AB  - Our study stems from a micro-economic survey of medical expenditure in the Lyons
      region carried out within the framework of a research programme organised by the
      National Centre for Scientific Research. This study is based on a sampling of
      3500 households (or 10,000 individuals) taken from the Lyons Institute of
      Statistics and Economic Studies. Information on individual medical expenditure
      was taken from Social Security files and from the different hospital
      establishments involved in the enquiry. The analysis was mainly orientated, on
      the one hand, towards socio-economic factors whose role in the demand for medical
      care has only recently been established, and, on the other hand, towards factors
      of supply whose incidence on individual behaviour still remains insufficiently
      considered. Our results confirmed that the major criterion of social
      differentiation was to be found in 'an alternative form' of expenditure. There
      are significant variations in the type of goods and services in the private
      sector: in the preferred 'choice' made in favour of either private or public
      health care; in the nature of the demand for hospitalisation. It is probably,
      however, in regard to supply, that the data of the Lyonnais enquiry have provided
      the most interesting conclusions. In private hospital care it was seen that
      supply could have an autonomous effect on individual medical expenditure in a
      manner relatively independent of social stratum. As regards hospitalisation, a
      study on patterns in hospital admission brought to light a polarizing effect on
      the demand for hospital admission around hospitals and clinics located in the
      residence area of the inpatients. The phenomenon of 'self-admission' observed
      operates in a manner relatively independent of the social background of the
      individual and also very often independently of the public or private nature of
      the beds at the establishment's disposal. There followed a substitution effect
      between the public sector on the one hand and the profit-making private sector on
      the other. Geographical location, however, has no bearing on certain individual
      choices. In conclusion, it appeared that the logic of social differentiation on
      the one hand, and the logic of the system of supply on the other, were not
      absolutely distinct. However, the need for a sound understanding of the complex
      relations which form between the supply and demand of medical care should
      necessarily require access to data in individual illness.

PMID- 4048997
TI  - Building an effective doctor-patient relationship: from patient satisfaction to
      patient participation.
AB  - In this paper, the authors argue that patient satisfaction is an insufficient
      measure of the quality of the doctor-patient relationship. While shown to have a
      salutary effect on patient anxiety concerning illness and treatment, the only
      other significant outcome associated with levels of satisfaction is utilization
      behavior. This is not surprising, the authors argue, since prevailing
      conceptualizations of patient satisfaction fail to incorporate measures of
      patient participation in the therapeutic process. Evidence suggests that by
      encouraging patients to take an active role in their health care physicians can
      increase the effectiveness of their therapeutic activities. A method for
      involving patients is through incorporating their preferences into the
      physician's decision-making processes. An example of physician decision making
      which incorporates patient preferences is provided.

PMID- 4048998
TI  - Social and environmental factors associated with diarrhoea and growth in young
      children: child health in urban Africa.
AB  - This study investigates the relationship between social and environmental
      variables and diarrhoea and growth in children aged between 6 and 36 months in an
      urban area of The Gambia, West Africa. The social and environmental conditions of
      493 children were observed and recorded over a period of 12 months. Two hundred
      and seventy-seven children were under weekly diarrhoea surveillance for a 15 week
      period during the wet season and 322 children had anthropometric measurements
      taken in May and September. Computer analysis was used to determine association
      between single and multiple environmental and social factors and diarrhoea
      prevalence and growth. The results of the diarrhoea surveillance showed that
      there was considerable variation between individual children. Thirty children had
      no diarrhoea during the period of surveillance and 30 had diarrhoea for over 24%
      of the time, with 2 children having diarrhoea for more than 50 days out of a
      total of 105. None of the social and environmental variables recorded showed a
      significant relationship with diarrhoea prevalence. The anthropometric
      measurements showed that at the end of the wet season, in September, 23% of
      children in this age group were less than 90% of the National Centre for Health
      Statistics standards of height for age and several of the variables recorded
      showed a statistically significant association with this measurement.

PMID- 4048999
TI  - [Submitting to disease, controlling disease, industrialization and medical
      technology: the case of tuberculosis].
AB  - This article presents an overview of the research work undertaken in France and
      Algeria on tuberculosis and the application of tuberculosis treatments.
      Tuberculosis is one of the best medical pointers to social inequality. The
      disease is seen here as typical of the links between industrialization and
      health, with regard to the evolution of the epidemiological model and the
      influence of innovational+ treatments, based on chemotherapy, on the organization
      of care for tubercular patients, together with the socio-economic and cultural
      changes that have affected both French and Algerian society during the twentieth
      century. The first part of the article shows how the epidemiology of tuberculosis
      tends to vary in accordance with the dynamic evolution of social relationships as
      industrialization occurs in each country, and how world-wide epidemiological
      trends are one of the best medical pointers to the North-South divide. The second
      part of the article is given over to a study of the way in which the application
      of tuberculosis treatments in both France and Algeria is a function of the
      organization of the health system in each country, of the status and power of the
      medical profession within society, and of the impact of technical innovations on
      the changing forms of care for tubercular patients in both countries. In France,
      it can be seen that the structure of the system set up to combat tuberculosis in
      the inter-war years has tended to remain unchanged, despite the opportunities for
      re-organization of tuberculosis treatment and for making therapy less onerous
      which have arisen as the incidence of the disease has dropped and antibiotics
      have been introduced. This resistance to change seems due primarily to the
      difficulty of achieving redeployment of medical staff, and the inertia caused by
      the rigid structure of tuberculosis care within the French socio-medical
      system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4049000
TI  - Mortality rates for farmers and fishermen in Japan compared with England and
      Wales.
AB  - Life tables for all causes of death for farmers and fishermen in Japan have been
      compared with those for England and Wales. Considering all causes of death, there
      are no occupational differences between farmers and fishermen in Japan. On the
      other hand, there are large occupational differences indicating that fishermen
      are worse off than farmers in England and Wales. Standardized mortality ratios
      (SMR) for each disease in terms of occupation have also been compared in the two
      countries. The SMRs for leading causes of death in Japan, such as cerebrovascular
      disease, are significantly lower for fishermen than for farmers in Japan. On the
      contrary, SMRs for leading causes of death in England and Wales, such as ischemic
      heart disease and lung cancer, are significantly higher for fishermen than for
      farmers in England and Wales. However the SMRs for ischemic heart disease and
      lung cancer are significantly higher for fishermen than for farmers in both
      countries.

PMID- 4049001
TI  - Social epidemiology of the experience of threat of war among Finnish youth.

PMID- 4049002
TI  - An analytic typology of disclaimers, excuses and justifications surrounding
      illness: a situational approach to health and illness.
AB  - An analytic typology of disclaimers, excuses and justifications is developed to
      demonstrate how illness is possible within our everyday social situations.
      Beginning with the concepts of the 'disclaimer' from Hewitt and Stokes, and the
      'excuse' and 'justification' from Scott and Lyman, these concepts are extended
      and reconceptualized to apply to circumstances where signs and symptoms of
      illness compromise and disrupt role performance and situational participation.
      Using a situational perspective on health and illness, the presentation of a
      disclaimer, excuse or justification is seen as a means of allowing the
      symptomatic individual to 'drift' in and out of illness while protecting his and
      others' social identity, the integrity of the social situation and the
      individual's health status.

PMID- 4049003
TI  - Culture-bound syndromes unbound.

PMID- 4049004
TI  - Pibloktoq (hysteria) and Inuit nutrition: possible implication of
      hypervitaminosis A.
AB  - The hysterical reaction among Eskimo peoples known as pibloktoq, one of a group
      of aberrant behaviors occurring among Arctic and Circumarctic societies termed
      'arctic hysterias', has been explained by a variety of theories: ecological,
      nutritional, biological-physiological, psychological-psychoanalytic, social
      structural and cultural. This study hypothesizes the possible implication of
      vitamin intoxication, namely, hypervitaminosis A, in the etiology of some cases
      of pibloktoq. Its biocultural approach implicates elements of several explanatory
      classes, which are not mutually exclusive. Experimental and clinical studies of
      nonhumans and humans reveal somatic and behavioral effects of hypervitaminosis A
      which closely parallel many of the symptoms reported for Western patients
      diagnosed as hysterical and Inuit sufferers of pibloktoq. Eskimo nutrition
      provides abundant sources of vitamin A and lays the probable basis in some
      individuals for hypervitaminosis A through ingestion of livers, kidneys, and fat
      of arctic fish and mammals, where the vitamin often is stored in poisonous
      quantities. Possible connections between pibloktoq and hypervitamonosis A are
      explored. A multifactorial framework may yield a more compelling model of some
      cases of pibloktoq than those that are mainly unicausal, since, among other
      things, the disturbance has been reported for males and females, adults and
      children, and dogs.

PMID- 4049005
TI  - Culturally interpreted symptoms or culture-bound syndromes: a cross-cultural
      review of nerves.
AB  - This paper explores a new approach to culture-specific mental disorders through
      cross-cultural examination of nerves. A number of case studies are presented from
      contrasting cultures. It is proposed that nerves be considered a culturally
      interpreted symptom rather than being culture-bound.

PMID- 4049006
TI  - The metamorphosis of 'culture-bound' syndromes.
AB  - Starting from a critical review of the concept of 'culture-bound' disorders and
      its development in comparative psychiatry, the authors present the changing
      aspects of two so-called culture-bound syndromes as paradigms of transcultural
      metamorphosis (koro) and intra-cultural metamorphosis (Salish Indian spirit
      sickness), respectively. The authors present recent data on epidemics of koro,
      which is supposedly bound to Chinese culture, in Thailand and India among non
      Chinese populations. Neither the model of Oedipal castration anxiety nor the
      model of culture-specific pathogenicity, commonly adduced in psychiatric and
      ethnological literature, explain these phenomena. The authors' data on Salish
      Indian spirit sickness describes the contemporary condition as anomic depression,
      which is significantly different from its traditional namesake. The traditional
      concept was redefined by Salish ritual specialists in response to current needs
      imposed by social changes. The stresses involved in creating the contemporary
      phenomena of koro and spirit sickness are neither culture-specific nor culture
      inherent, as postulated for 'culture-bound' syndromes, rather they are generated
      by a feeling of powerlessness caused by perceived threats to ethnic survival.

PMID- 4049007
TI  - Sanctified madness: the God-intoxicated saints of Bengal.
AB  - The saintly madman is a familiar character in South Asia. To outer appearances he
      is no different from a lunatic, but the mad saint comes to be revered because his
      idiocy is popularly believed to arise from a different cause than ordinary
      madness. The common psychopath neglects social conventions because his
      consciousness is dimmed by incapacity; the saintly madman also breaches
      convention, but does so because his heightened consciousness has liberated him
      from the bonds of convention that entrap ordinary people. In the terms of
      Hinduism, he has tasted the divine nectar of God-realization and has returned to
      the human realm intoxicated by the experience. In this paper two popular God
      intoxicated saints of Bengal are discussed. The question is posed whether 'God
      intoxication' can be considered a culture-bound syndrome of Bengal. The concept
      of 'culture bound syndrome' is found to be too narrow to encompass the most
      significant issues to arise from reflection on the characteristics of the God
      intoxicated. These larger issues have to do with the relationship between
      cultural practices and models and mental states (whether deviant, as implied by
      the term 'syndrome' although deviance does not always carry the negative
      connotation implicit in 'syndrome', or normal). It is suggested that all cultures
      culture a limited range of mental states and thus the questions posed by the
      notion of culture bound syndromes are subsumed by larger questions about the
      relationship of all mind-states to the socio-cultural environment which
      conditions them. The conclusion is that God intoxication is indeed a uniquely
      Bengali mental condition, with variants throughout South Asia and kinship to
      other mystical states, but that the concept of 'syndrome' is not useful.

PMID- 4049008
TI  - Deconstructing culture-bound syndromes.
AB  - Ethnopsychiatry comprises a large field of literature written from diverse
      perspectives, disciplines and orientations. Its status as an interdiscipLinary
      activity presents formidable obstacles to researchers interested in comparative
      problems and the development of generalizations. These difficulties can be
      demonstrated by even a cursory examination of the material written on what has
      come to be called 'culture-bound syndromes'. In spite of the considerable body of
      specific studies written about these 'ethnic psychoses', as Devereux termed them,
      debates continue to swirl over how to define them, whether they are
      manifestations of psychopathology, and, by implication, the degree to which the
      categories of Western psychiatric nosology are readily transferable to other
      cultural and historical settings. This paper does not attempt to play the role of
      broker between universalists and particularists. If anything I favor the
      particularist position with respect to the impossibility of directly applying
      diagnostic categories across cultural boundaries. On the other hand I would not
      deny that there are universal processes which take their form through complex
      interaction with particular cultural, historical and social settings. The goal of
      showing how general forms can only be realized in particular settings is a vital
      one for anthropology, and the literature on culture-bound syndromes illustrates
      the problems involved. The problems can be severe, but no more so than those
      facing any observer of an exotic cultural setting. Because I perceive parallels
      between problems of translation in social and anthropology in general and the
      issues that have emerged in discussions of culture-bound syndromes, I seek to
      return to basic issues in this essay to examine some aspects of culture-bound
      syndromes that should be examined before assertions about pathology are made.

PMID- 4049009
TI  - Mental health in health planning agencies.
AB  - Two models of organizational behavior were tested using a population of 200
      Health Systems Agencies (HSAs) in the U.S.A. A 'needs' model, based on mental
      health high-risk sociodemographic indicators, and a 'resources' model, based on a
      mental health manpower, facilities and system-activation indicators, were used to
      predict 1978 HSA activities in mental health governing board representation,
      Health Systems Plan development and Certificate of Need (CON) project review.
      Where there were differences, resource indicators explained more variance in HSA
      activities than did need indicators. HSA project review activity was better
      explained by both sets of indicators than were board and plan activities. HSA
      recommendations were most often consistent with the aims of health planning.

PMID- 4049010
TI  - The social and psychological consequences of secrecy in artificial insemination
      by donor (AID) programmes.
AB  - The assumption that secrecy is of paramount importance in AID programmes has
      arisen in order to protect the three parties involved: donor, recipient couple
      and offspring. Due to the uncertain legal position, he medical profession has
      also been concerned to protect itself against possible litigation. Recent calls
      for an abolition of all secrecy have been motivated by the knowledge and
      experience of workers in the field of adoption. The similarities and differences
      between adoption and AID as ways of creating a family are discussed, with the
      resulting conclusion that, although the two have much in common they do present
      different experiences and problems for parents and offspring. The experiences of
      donors and recipient couples are then discussed based on data gathered to date
      from 67 donors and 93 couples in an AID programme at the Melbourne Family Medical
      Centre. It is stressed that many statements in the past regarding secrecy have
      not been informed by the opinions and intentions of participants themselves, and
      further information is needed in this area. Furthermore, it is clear that all
      members of a society are affected by the codes of secrecy currently operating and
      the 'rights' of all members of that society need to be considered.

PMID- 4049011
TI  - Potency: a stress-buffering link in the coping-stress-disease relationship.
AB  - A study carried out among a representative sample of Israeli adults was aimed at
      elucidating the factors which facilitate maintaining an individual's emotional
      homeostasis despite occasional failures in initially coping with stressors due to
      resource inadequacy. A feeling of potency, comprising confidence both in one's
      own capacities and in society which is perceived as basically ordered,
      predictable and meaningful, has been suggested as a stress-buffering intervening
      mechanism in the coping-stress-disease relationship. Data support the hypothesis
      that potency fulfils a tension-bounding function by weakening the association
      among the components of the coping-stress-health relationship, thus moderating
      the deleterious effect of occasional failures in coping on homeostasis and
      health. Data further alluded to potency being enhanced both by accumulation of
      successful coping experiences, and by social support.

PMID- 4049012
TI  - Restructuring health care financing in Chile.
AB  - The current Chilean government adopted a neoclassical model of development and
      subsequently introduced various incentives for the privatization of medical care.
      This paper analyzes health care financing in Chile during the last decade and
      evaluates government efforts to minimize state-financed medical care. In so
      doing, this paper provides a framework for analyzing private vs public medical
      care delivery systems in developing countries. For this reason, the first section
      discusses the major attributes and issues of public and private delivery systems
      followed by a case study examining the origins, effectiveness and impact of the
      restructured health system in Chile.

PMID- 4049013
TI  - The monthly and weekly distribution of suicide.
AB  - First a review of recent studies of the monthly and weekly distribution of
      suicide is given. Then the results of an analysis of the mortality figures for
      Lower Saxony from 1968 to 1977 are presented in which age, sex and means of
      suicide are taken into consideration. The monthly distribution of all suicides
      (ICD8 E950-E958) shows a maximum incidence in spring and early summer and a
      minimum in winter, the weekly distribution a maximum on Monday and minimum at the
      weekend. In contrast to suicides by hanging, strangulation and suffocation (ICD8
      E953) which follow the same pattern, the figures for suicide by poisoning with
      solid and fluid substances (ICD8 E950) show practically no heterogeneity in both,
      monthly and weekly distributions. The results are interpreted using Durkheim's
      concept of 'anomia', drawing an analogy between the days of the week and the
      months of the year.

PMID- 4049014
TI  - Anthropology and the study of chronic disease: adolescent blood pressure in
      Corpus Christi, Texas.
AB  - In this anthropological study, the influence of psychosocial adaptation, and
      social and biological factors upon the blood pressures of Mexican-American
      adolescents and adolescents of European descent (Anglo-Americans) in Corpus
      Christi, Texas were examined. Black Americans have one of the highest rates of
      hypertension of any population in the world. The reasons for this are not
      entirely clear. Epidemiologic studies have shown that although clinically defined
      hypertension usually does not appear until adulthood, systematic differences in
      the average blood pressures of black and white history of discrimination and
      prejudice are in some way related to the prevalence of hypertension among black
      Americans, then Mexican-Americans of south Texas, who also have experienced a
      high rate of poverty and a history of discrimination, might also be expected to
      have a higher rate of hypertension than other Americans. Mexican-American youths
      were found to have a significantly higher mean systolic pressure than Anglo
      youths. Mexican-Americans also were found to have significantly more problematic
      psychosocial adaptation. There was little relationship, however, between
      problematic psychosocial adaptation and high blood pressure. Subsequent
      statistical analyses, including an analysis of covariance, indicated that other
      variables, including the heaviness of body build and length of residences in
      Corpus Christi, were of much greater importance in predicting blood pressure.
      Implications of these findings for social epidemiology and health promotion are
      discussed.

PMID- 4049015
TI  - Curing and sociocultural separatism in South Thailand.
AB  - In much of Thailand animistic curing practices have lost ground to great
      tradition herbal medicine and modern scientific medicine as more people achieve
      literacy. Especially in urbanizing areas, Buddhist and Muslim Thais hold in the
      highest esteem traditional curers whose knowledge derives from patient
      experimentation and the study of ancient texts. However, among Malay-speaking
      Muslims in south Thailand, the most respected therapeutic knowledge is revelatory
      in nature. Southern Muslim curers are generally mystics or spirit-mediums whose
      direct channels of communication with the supernatural convey remedies for
      afflictions but also provide guidelines for maintaining sociocultural separatism.

PMID- 4049016
TI  - Concepts of illness and the utilization of health-care services in a rural Malian
      village.
AB  - This paper discusses the concepts of illness and the utilization of alternative
      medical resources in a rural Malian village, including self-care and the services
      of cosmopolitan medicine, folk medicine and Islamic medicine. The main concepts
      of causation are described. Special emphasis is given to the explanatory models
      for the illnesses mara and nyenkene bilenke (red urine). The study presents a
      hierarchy of classification and analyses the determinants associated with
      pluralistic medical behavior. Case studies are used to illustrate how the
      villagers cope with severe illnesses. Finally, it is argued that indigenous
      illness concepts should be taken into consideration in the design of health-care
      projects. The research for this paper was conducted in the district of Baguineda,
      Republic of Mali.

PMID- 4049017
TI  - Primary medical care and coping with stress and disease: the inclination of
      primary care practitioners to demonstrate affective behavior.
AB  - A study carried out among a sample of Israeli primary care practitioners
      ascertained that doctors are less inclined to demonstrate affective (humane) than
      instrumental (medical treatment) behavior toward patients. Data ascertain the
      contradiction between these components of behavior which is inherent in the
      primary care practitioner's frame of reference. Affective behavior, in the
      doctor's frame of reference, constitutes to a great extent both an impediment to
      medical performance as well as a possible threat to his dominance. Family
      medicine is not an exception in this case; in fact, it rather aggravates the
      contradiction between affective and instrumental behavior, and the threat to the
      family practitioner's dominance is even stronger. Data allude that only the
      enhancement of the practitioner's profit may further his inclination to
      demonstrate affective behavior. The importance of this study has to be understood
      in the light of accumulating evidence stressing the importance of the
      practitioner's affective behavior in alleviating anxiety and possible promotion
      of recovery.

PMID- 4049018
TI  - The social and cultural context of coping: action, gender and symptoms in a
      southern black community.
AB  - Research was conducted on the relationships of coping styles, chronic economic
      stressors and symptoms of distress in a black community in the rural South. It
      was found that the effect of an active coping style in moderating the effects of
      stressors was different for males and females. For females, active coping
      buffered the effects of stressors; for males, active coping exacerbated the
      effects of stressors. These results are consistent with the social and cultural
      context of the community, and with cultural norms governing gender roles within
      the community. This study demonstrates the need to systematically incorporate
      cultural and social structural factors in models of the stress process. Cultural
      norms and structural constraints interact to systematically alter the meaning of
      different factors in the stress process and in turn alter the effects of those
      factors on health.

PMID- 4049019
TI  - The treatment strategies of arthritis sufferers.
AB  - This paper describes and analyses the reasons for variation in the treatment
      strategies used by arthritis sufferers. The research was undertaken among 103
      people from the Australian city of Perth. Qualitative data was obtained from a
      clinical sample of 27 and, on the basis of that, an interview schedule was
      constructed and administered to a survey sample of 76 self-reported arthritis
      sufferers. Data collected included comprehensive case histories, knowledge and
      beliefs about arthritis, types of practitioners consulted and treatments used and
      a range of demographic and socioeconomic variables. On the basis of analysis,
      four basic treatment strategies were discerned. Named after their most salient
      characteristics and ranging from least to most inclusive these were 'general
      practitioner and/or self care', 'medical and paramedical care', 'medical and
      alternative care' and use of 'all sources of care'. The most important
      determinants of treatment strategy were characteristics of disease--severity,
      mode of onset and period since onset. The longer the period since onset, the
      wider the range of treatments utilized. When onset occurred at a relatively young
      age and when progression was rapid, the more frequently alternative services and
      treatments were employed. Disease characteristics were followed in importance by
      socioeconomic factors. Use of the less inclusive strategies was related to social
      class; with working class people relying primarily on 'general practitioner
      and/or self care' and middle class people using 'medical and paramedical care'.
      However, when onset and progression were rapid, the disease was severe and the
      person relatively young socioeconomic factors were of lesser importance and
      people from all classes made use of the more inclusive strategies.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4049020
TI  - Socio-economic conditions in childhood and mortality and morbidity caused by
      coronary heart disease in adulthood in rural Finland.
AB  - In this study, the hypothesis that bad socio-economic conditions in childhood may
      increase the probability of coronary heart disease in adulthood is examined. The
      study is based partly on the data of the East-West Study in Finland, which is
      part of the Seven Countries Study. The study began with 823 men in Eastern
      Finland and 888 men in Western Finland in 1959. The mortality and morbidity of
      the cohorts were followed from 1959 to 1974. Risk factors were measured in
      medical examinations in 1959, 1964, 1969 and 1974. Parents of those included in
      the sample were traced by using parish registers from 1900 to 1919. Over 90% of
      those in the East-West Study were found. The parents' socio-economic position
      (socio-economic conditions in childhood) was determined. According to our
      findings, the relative risks of coronary death, myocardial infarction and
      ischemic heart disease are systematically increased for those born landless in
      East Finland. Variables partly explaining the increased risk were body height and
      smoking. The effect of cholesterol was negligible.

PMID- 4049021
TI  - The relation of social support and working environment to medical variables
      associated with elevated blood pressure in young males: a structural model.
AB  - The object of the present study was to examine the interaction of working
      environment factors and the individual social support network with medical
      variables related to blood pressure elevations in young (mean age = 28 years)
      hypertensives. The results of path analyses reveal that the medical variables
      which explained a significant amount of the variation in systolic blood pressure
      were blood hemoglobin, plasma adrenaline and relative weight. High relative
      weight was associated with a low level of employment security and high plasma
      adrenaline with a poor self-reported social network as well as a job providing
      few possibilities for learning new things. High levels of diastolic pressure were
      associated with elevated hemoglobin levels, increased heart rate and low plasma
      renin activity. Increased heart rate was influenced by a lack of 'anger' coping
      in conflict situations at work and a low number of contacts with acquaintances.
      Working environment and social support are hypothesized to assert their influence
      through increased sympathetic stimulation mediated by limbic-hypothalamic
      discharge.

PMID- 4049022
TI  - Sociocultural correlates of childhood sporting activities: their implications for
      heart health.
AB  - The relative contribution of sex, ethnicity, social class, parental exercise and
      heart health knowledge to the variability of sporting activities reported by
      Texas 7th and 8th grade students in 1980 was examined to study the cultural
      patterns of exercise that might relate to future risk for heart disease. Girls
      were more likely than boys to participate in activities with high aerobic
      potential. Relative to Mexican-Americans and Blacks, Anglos were more likely to
      engage in individual, non-competitive, aerobic-type activities. Multivariate
      analysis showed heart knowledge, parental exercise, sex, father's occupation and
      ethnicity to be significantly related to the overall frequency of exercise.
      Parental exercise had a stronger influence on the frequency of exercise among
      girls than boys. These findings suggest possible cultural mechanisms in the
      epidemiology of heart disease.

PMID- 4049023
TI  - Gender differences in life expectancy among kibbutz members.
AB  - A literature review of findings reveals that the life expectancy (LE) of females
      is longer than that of males and that a strong relationship exists between LE and
      gender differences in LE. The arguments of biological vs societal reasons for
      such gender differences are presented and the kibbutz society is offered as a
      setting to test the rivaling hypotheses. It is argued that the kibbutz society
      offers more similar roles for both genders than outside the kibbutz and therefore
      the gender differences in LE should be reduced in comparison to what is expected,
      given the very high LE of kibbutz members. Statistical data of the kibbutz
      population between the years 1975-1980 are analyzed and the results support the
      following conclusions: female members have higher LE but the difference is much
      less than expected on the basis of a regression analysis of data from 73
      societies; the difference is smaller due to the relatively higher gain in LE by
      males; the gender differences are even smaller at age 50 compared to LE
      differences at birth. The Discussion section dwells upon interpretations of the
      findings and argues against alternative interpretations that assume selection
      processes for the kibbutz population. Suggestions for further studies are also
      made.

PMID- 4049024
TI  - [Congenital visual deficiency: chances and difficulties of management].
AB  - The traditional theories according to which deprivation of the visual channel is
      directly responsible for every disturbance observed in children born blind or
      partially sighted prove to be unsatisfactory; they fail to answer why, given the
      same visual defect, some children develop in a healthy way while others present a
      typical picture of infantile psychosis. The authors put forward the following
      hypotheses: infantile psychosis is always both a sign of and a response to
      trauma, in the sense developed by Freud in Beyond the Pleasure Principle, which
      has struck the mother-child dual unit; the high frequency of psychotics among
      children born blind indicates that blindness is a particularly charged trauma.
      The traumatic neurosis of the parents and especially of the mother is
      catastrophic for the child; it is therefore necessary to understand why and how
      its works, how it can be avoided or dealth with. The authors present a detailed
      clinical description of the various possible mother-child constellations and
      regarding unfavourable outcomes, propose preventive measures.

PMID- 4049025
TI  - Circumcision: its nature and practice among some ethnic groups in southern
      Nigeria.
AB  - A questionnaire survey carried out in five rural communities in mid-southern
      Nigeria documents the degree and range of male and female circumcision practices
      among Bini, Esan, Etsako, Ijaw and Ukwuani ethnic groups. Two hundred and eighty
      adults (154 males and 126 females) reported on themselves and their 1417 children
      (757 sons and 660 daughters). Circumcision of both sexes remains widely
      practised, though the timing of the event and extent of surgery show wide
      variations among, and sometimes, within ethnic groups. The commonest reason for
      the practice is a strong desire to continue ethnic traditions. Altered sexual
      urge for women, increased sexual performance for men, protection of baby's
      health, as well as general reproductive and aesthetic consideration are also
      important reasons. Traditional surgeons usually perform the operation and few
      complications were reported to be associated with the procedure in either sex.
      Female circumcision in this area is not as destructive or mutilating as in some
      Arabic and East African cultures. Because of the relatively low rate of
      complications a major campaign against circumcision in these areas does not at
      present seem warranted.

PMID- 4049026
TI  - Content analysis of speech of schizophrenic and control adoptees and their
      relatives: preliminary results.
AB  - Speech samples were collected on 20 Danish schizophrenic adoptees, along with 26
      control adoptees and their respective biological and adoptive relatives.
      Typewritten transcripts of these speech samples were scored using the Gottschalk
      Gleser Social Alienation-Personal Disorganization (SA-PD), or "Schizophrenic',
      content analysis scale. Both mean scale scores and the proportion of subjects
      with extremely high (i.e. deviant) scores were significantly higher in
      schizophrenic adoptees than in either (a) subjects with no psychiatric disorder
      or (b) the sample with psychiatric disorders other than schizophrenia. The
      proportion of deviant scores was also notably high among subjects who, though not
      schizophrenic, had schizotypal features on the SADS-L interview. Scores were
      particularly high in schizophrenic adoptees who had a biological parent or
      sibling with schizophrenia or schizotypal features. By contrast, scores of 29
      adoptive relatives of the schizophrenic probands were quite low. The present
      study appears to corroborate the results of previous studies done in the U.S.A.
      and Great Britain which suggest that high scores on the SA-PD scale tend to
      characterize those schizophrenics for whom genetic liability appears to be
      strongest.

PMID- 4049027
TI  - [Chlorides in the vitreous body].
AB  - The author assessed chloride levels in the vitreous body in a total of 130
      deceased persons. The chloride level was constant up to cca 70 hours after death
      and from the amount of chlorides conclusions can be drawn whether the amount of
      chlorides before death was low, high or normal. The author discusses findings of
      high and low chloride levels.

PMID- 4049028
TI  - [Evaluation of the incidence of waves in myocardial muscle cells in children].
AB  - In a group of 84 children who died at the age of 3 weeks to 15 years, icl. 37
      sudden deaths, 16 unexpected deaths, 12 deaths immediately after an accident and
      19 children who died some time after an accident, the authors investigated and
      evaluated by statistical methods the incidence of waves of myocardial cells in
      left and right ventricle. Waves in the right ventricle were significantly more
      marked (at the 5% level) than in the left ventricle. Their presence was inversely
      related to the presence of haemorrhage and cellular infiltration of the
      myocardial interstitium. The author did not detect a significant relationship
      with sex, age, duration of the disease, diagnosis, manifestations of cardiac
      failure and oedema or pneumonia. The findings suggest that waves of myocardial
      cells cannot be considered quite specific for ischaemic heart damage.

PMID- 4049029
TI  - [Pathophysiologic aspects of fatal accidents in apneic diving].
AB  - The hyperventilation prior of apneic diving represents the important and
      dangerous pathophysiological phenomena, capable to evoke the fatal diving
      accident. The fall of arterial partial pressure of CO2 results after the
      hyperventilation, and thus the stimulation of the respiratory centre is lowered
      as well. The underwater black-out results, which leads to the diver's suffocation
      due to submersion. The work analyses in detail some pathophysiological aspects of
      the mentioned phenomena.

PMID- 4049030
TI  - Abdominal vascular injuries.
AB  - Treatment of major abdominal vascular injuries is a challenge. Since 1973, 93
      patients have been treated at our institution for 147 abdominal vascular
      injuries. The majority of these injuries (67%) resulted from penetrating trauma
      in young men between 21 and 30 years of age. Upon admission 72% of the patients
      were in shock. Injured most frequently were the iliac vessels (36%) and the
      inferior vena cava (20%). Suture repair with preservation of function was
      possible in 61%; ligation of the damaged vessel was necessary in 24 cases (26%).
      Overall mortality was 29%. Military anti-shock (MAS) trousers were used in the
      management of ten patients who had an average admission systolic blood pressure
      of 52 mm Hg; 50% survived. In six cases of refractory hypotension or cardiac
      arrest, thoracotomy was done in the emergency room; mortality in this group was
      100%. For some abdominal vascular injuries, ER thoracotomy has a very limited
      application. The key factors for increasing the survival rate in patients with
      major abdominal vascular injuries include rapid stabilization, reversal of
      hypotension (especially by the use of MAS trousers), and prevention of
      coagulopathy, combined with prompt surgical exploration and thoracotomy when
      indicated.

PMID- 4049031
TI  - Deep venous thrombosis in surgical patients: possible laboratory predictors.
AB  - We tested 18 surgical patients before and after operation in an effort to
      determine whether or not laboratory tests could be used as predictors of deep
      venous thrombosis. During the period of study, none of the patients tested had
      deep venous thrombosis. Coagulation tests showed no significant changes, but all
      tests used to measure platelet numbers and functions yielded different
      preoperative and postoperative values. Testing of spontaneous platelet
      aggregation and platelet aggregate ratios suggested that some patients had
      hyperactive platelets preoperatively. Some postoperative changes suggested
      selective use of hyperactive platelets, but we could not determine the usefulness
      of such tests as predictors of thrombosis.

PMID- 4049032
TI  - Prolonged hospitalization because of inappropriate delay of warfarin therapy in
      deep venous thrombosis.
AB  - Current anticoagulation practices of physicians in an academic medical center
      were examined by retrospective review of records of 26 patients admitted for
      uncomplicated deep venous thrombosis (DVT) between 1978 and 1982. Patients
      received intravenous heparin for an average of 11.5 +/- 2.8 days. Warfarin
      therapy was started on day 8.3 +/- 3.1 and therapeutic oral anticoagulation was
      achieved by day 14.5 +/- 4.5. Total hospital stay averaged 16.8 +/- 5.1 days. No
      patient received concurrent initiation of heparin and warfarin therapy and only
      two patients received warfarin before day 5. These findings are in contrast to
      anticoagulation practices in Great Britain and Scandinavia where concurrent
      initiation of heparin and warfarin has been common practice for many years. Such
      a regimen is safe and usually requires fewer days of hospitalization for DVT. We
      conclude that failure to start warfarin therapy on the first hospital day
      resulted in a costly and unnecessarily prolonged hospital stay.

PMID- 4049033
TI  - Continuous epidural anesthesia for elective cesarean hysterectomy.
AB  - Continuous lumbar epidural anesthesia was the primary anesthetic technique used
      for 25 patients having elective cesarean hysterectomy at Duke University Medical
      Center during a 12 1/2-year interval. Seven patients (28%) with initially
      satisfactory epidural anesthesia required intraoperative induction of general
      orotracheal anesthesia because of patient discomfort and resultant suboptimal
      operating conditions. Careful patient selection and preparation, expertise in
      administering continuous epidural anesthesia, and understanding of the demands of
      the operative procedure are essential when planning epidural anesthesia for
      cesarean hysterectomy.

PMID- 4049034
TI  - Self-examination of the breast: use and effectiveness.

PMID- 4049035
TI  - Inhospital CPR 25 years later: why has survival decreased?
AB  - Since the introduction of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) 25 years ago, there
      have been many advances in cardiopulmonary technology and in our understanding of
      the factors leading to a successful outcome. Despite these advances, our study of
      outcomes in 88 patients having CPR at Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1981 revealed a
      14% survival rate to discharge compared with 24% from the same hospital from 1959
      to 1961. We found that 74% of the 46 patients who initially survived CPR died
      before discharge. In addition, two of 12 survivors at discharge were dead one
      week later and one was in a persistent vegetative state three years after CPR.
      Our findings suggest that this technology, once meant to be applied when cardiac
      arrest was sudden and unexpected, is now being applied to patients regardless of
      underlying condition or prognosis. A follow-up survey of 63 Maryland hospitals
      revealed that many lacked formal plans for CPR management or education. We
      recommend that a comprehensive approach to CPR be adopted by all hospitals,
      involving education regarding appropriate patient selection, assurance of skilled
      application and backup care for survivors, and a mechanism for routinely
      monitoring outcome.

PMID- 4049036
TI  - Sustained-release procainamide: use of serum concentrations to determine dosage.
AB  - The utility of the antiarrhythmic drug procainamide (PA) is limited by the
      required dosage schedule (every three to four hours). A commercially available,
      slow release procainamide (P-SR) is recommended to be given every six hours. We
      compared procainamide capsules (P-Caps) given every four hours with P-SR given
      every six hours in a crossover study of 12 patients. Doses of P-Caps were chosen
      to produce a therapeutic result and serum drug concentrations within the
      therapeutic range. Doses of P-SR were adjusted until serum PA concentrations were
      similar to those when P-Caps were used. The dosage for P-Caps was 58 mg/kg/day +/
      24.6; P-SR dosage was 53 mg/kg/day +/- 15.18 (mean +/- SD) (P not statistically
      significant). The PA peak to trough variation for P-Caps was 2.2 micrograms/ml +/
      2.3 and for P-SR 1.5 micrograms/ml +/- 1.4 (P not significant). We conclude that
      P-SR given every six hours in the same daily dose as PA capsules given every four
      hours will provide similar therapeutic concentrations with no greater peak to
      trough variation.

PMID- 4049037
TI  - Impact of removing gentamicin from an antibiotic restriction program.
AB  - Prescribing physicians at our institution were required to obtain approval from
      the Section of Infectious Disease for use of gentamicin sulfate and other
      aminoglycosides. We studied the effect of removing gentamicin from the list of
      restricted antibiotics, noting that gentamicin usage increased while tobramycin
      sulfate usage decreased during the six-month period after decontrol, compared
      with the previous six-month period. However, the total amount of aminoglycoside
      antibiotics procured by the pharmacy did not change significantly. Indications
      for aminoglycoside use, pretreatment evaluation of the patient (other than an
      initial serum creatinine determination), and rates of nephrotoxicity during
      treatment did not change. Decontrol of gentamicin resulted in lower
      aminoglycoside costs for the pharmacy without apparent compromise in patient
      care.

PMID- 4049038
TI  - Neonatal circumcision.
AB  - Because of an economically motivated study, there has been an attempt to shift
      insurance dollars from neonatal circumcision to neonatal intensive care. Negative
      comments regarding the advisability of early circumcision have created confusion
      for both physicians and parents. Neonatal circumcision is the most common
      surgical operation in the United States, with probably fewer complications than
      any other. I believe this valid prophylactic procedure is falling victim to an
      unwarranted bias.

PMID- 4049039
TI  - Physician suicide in North Carolina.
AB  - Previous research suggests that physicians are two to three times as prone to
      suicide than the general population. Review of North Carolina death certificates
      from 1978 to 1982 showed that the physician suicide rate is not substantially
      different from that of the white male population aged 25 years or older. Old age,
      divorce, and death of a spouse are associated with the highest suicide rates
      among physicians. Firearms and drugs are the most common suicidal methods.
      Depression, substance abuse, and retirement are significantly associated with
      suicide risk. Physicians need to recognize the existence of increased suicide
      risk with age and retirement.

PMID- 4049040
TI  - Treatment of myasthenic crisis in late life.
AB  - In 32 patients with the onset of myasthenia gravis after age 50, myasthenic
      crisis occurred in 53% and persisted for a mean of 33 days (range six to 84
      days). Three of the patients had a second crisis. Precipitating factors were
      found in 60% of the episodes. Treatment of 20 episodes of crisis resulted in
      excellent recovery. No patient died in crisis. All regained enough function to
      return home. Those patients (50%) who had no medical complications recovered most
      rapidly. The most common medical complications were aspiration and bacterial
      pneumonia, cardiac arrhythmias, and congestive heart failure. Large doses of
      prednisone in combination with serial plasma exchanges was the most effective
      therapy. This group of patients had the fewest medical complications (29%) and
      the fastest recovery.

PMID- 4049041
TI  - Local anesthetics: who should give them?

PMID- 4049042
TI  - Topical anesthetics: use and misuse.

PMID- 4049043
TI  - Rape and the rape trauma syndrome.

PMID- 4049044
TI  - Malpractice: a way of life.

PMID- 4049046
TI  - Chylous ascites in adults.

PMID- 4049045
TI  - Hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemic coma associated with phosphate enema.

PMID- 4049047
TI  - Invasive candidal balanitis due to a condom catheter in a neutropenic patient.
AB  - A 58-year-old man with acute leukemia had balanitis and penile ulceration due to
      Candida tropicalis after a condom catheter was used because of urinary
      incontinence. This case illustrates that condom catheters can be associated with
      serious complications in neutropenic patients and should be used only when
      absolutely necessary.

PMID- 4049048
TI  - Temporomandibular joint pain as a manifestation of temporal arteritis.
AB  - We have described a patient whose temporal arteritis had several unusual
      manifestations. Except for a number of systemic complaints of longer duration,
      her predominant symptom was that of temporomandibular joint pain. Subsequent to
      the development of acute visual loss, her fundi remained normal, suggesting a
      posterior neuropathy. A high index of suspicion and meticulous history and
      physical examination should lead to early identification of temporal arteritis so
      that treatment can be instituted before permanent visual loss occurs.

PMID- 4049049
TI  - Common bile duct stricture without obvious cause.
AB  - Common bile duct strictures without apparent cause are unusual, yet probably
      occur more often than has been recognized. Whether this condition represents a
      different cause of biliary stricture or is just a forme fruste of recognized
      injuries or causes is not clear. Nonetheless, the surgeon should be aware that
      such isolated strictures without obvious cause may occur. The common causes of
      biliary stricture should be ruled out for diagnostic and therapeutic reasons. The
      management of such strictures is the same as for strictures due to the generally
      recognized causes.

PMID- 4049050
TI  - Corynebacterium hemolyticum endocarditis on a native valve.
AB  - We have described a patient with fatal Corynebacterium hemolyticum endocarditis
      on a native bicuspid aortic valve. This is the first report of endocarditis and
      the first fatal infection of any kind caused by Corynebacterium hemolyticum. This
      organism and other nondiphtheria corynebacteria must be considered as potentially
      serious pathogens in man.

PMID- 4049051
TI  - Septic phlebitis caused by Candida albicans and diagnosed by needle aspiration.
AB  - We have described a patient who had Candida albicans suppurative thrombophlebitis
      at the site of an indwelling intravenous catheter. The microbial etiology was
      established by needle aspiration of the venipuncture site, affording rapid and
      accurate identification of the infecting organism and providing prompt
      institution of therapy. Phlebectomy and a brief course of amphotericin B
      prevented further dissemination of the infection.

PMID- 4049052
TI  - Diverticulitis complicated by candidal pylephlebitis.
AB  - A 58-year-old woman had fever, diarrhea, and polymicrobial bacteremia that
      progressively worsened despite appropriate antibiotic therapy. At autopsy, a
      diverticular abscess and pylephlebitis were found, both demonstrating hyphal
      forms consistent with Candida on microscopy.

PMID- 4049053
TI  - Corynebacterium ulcerans pneumonia.

PMID- 4049054
TI  - Successful treatment of prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Flavobacterium
      meningosepticum.

PMID- 4049055
TI  - Bilateral knee effusions with cefamandole therapy.

PMID- 4049056
TI  - [Organization of the work of the division of preventive medicine in an urban
      polyclinic].

PMID- 4049057
TI  - [The mass media in the dissemination of medical and public health information].

PMID- 4049058
TI  - [Improving the treatment of patients with acute cardiovascular pathology and its
      diagnosis in emergency care hospitals].

PMID- 4049059
TI  - [Further development of work relating to inventions and patent licensing].

PMID- 4049060
TI  - [Annual dispensary care for workers in industrial plants].

PMID- 4049061
TI  - [Training leaders of rural medical institutions on the assessment of work
      capacity].

PMID- 4049062
TI  - [Method of analyzing and evaluating the activities of scientific research
      establishments].

PMID- 4049064
TI  - [Reform of higher medical education in the Afghanistan Democratic Republic].

PMID- 4049063
TI  - [Perfecting medical service to the rural population].

PMID- 4049065
TI  - [Complex socio-hygienic study of the state of health of adolescents].

PMID- 4049068
TI  - [Role of sanitary education in the preparation of children for school].

PMID- 4049067
TI  - [Improving medical services for adolescents].

PMID- 4049066
TI  - [A healthy way of life as a basis for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases
      in young people].

PMID- 4049069
TI  - [Morbidity rate among children in relation to birth weight].

PMID- 4049070
TI  - [The complex socio-hygienic study of large families].

PMID- 4049071
TI  - [Creating a healthy way of life for Soviet youth].

PMID- 4049073
TI  - [Organization of the activities of the preventive services department].

PMID- 4049072
TI  - [Organization of emergency medical services for rural populations].

PMID- 4049074
TI  - [Evaluation of the quality of home care services].

PMID- 4049075
TI  - [Scientific work organization in the departments of functional diagnosis].

PMID- 4049076
TI  - [Participation of Komsomol members and the youth in the development of medical
      science and public health].

PMID- 4049077
TI  - [Diagnostic value of determining serum bile acids in cholelithiasis].

PMID- 4049078
TI  - [Allergic giant-cell myocarditis].

PMID- 4049079
TI  - [Giant cell vasculitis].

PMID- 4049080
TI  - [Splenectomy in hairy cell leukemia].

PMID- 4049081
TI  - [Gastroduodenal ulcer in patients with pathology of the cardiovascular system].

PMID- 4049082
TI  - [25-year experience in the treatment of patients with dermatomyositis].

PMID- 4049083
TI  - [Treatment of severe forms of chronic active hepatitis with high doses of
      immunosuppressants].

PMID- 4049084
TI  - [Lymphocyte metabolism in salmonellosis].

PMID- 4049085
TI  - [Current principles of treatment of chronic diseases of the small intestine].

PMID- 4049086
TI  - [Role of the pancreas in the pathogenesis of shock].

PMID- 4049087
TI  - [Ideological and educational work with students in the department of infectious
      diseases].

PMID- 4049088
TI  - [Surgical methods of differential diagnosis in suspected lung cancer].

PMID- 4049089
TI  - Effects of hydrocortisone on the vertebral cartilage plate in mice. A light and
      electron microscopic study.
AB  - Together with other side effects, the clinical use of steroid appears to produce
      disorders in the spinal column, especially in young patients. However,
      morphologic details of steroid induced changes in the spinal column are little
      known. In this study, mice were treated with daily intramuscular injections of
      hydrocortisone at doses of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg body weight for 1, 2, or 4 weeks
      after 2 weeks of age, and the cartilage plates of the lumbar vertebrae were
      examined, compared with controls, by light and electron microscopy. Cartilage
      plates consist of an outer zone, abutting the nucleus pulposus and an inner zone
      oriented toward the vertebral body. The outer zone is divided into a superficial
      layer and a deep calcified layer. With steroid therapy, chondrocytes in the inner
      zone and the superficial layer of the outer zone became degenerative or necrotic.
      In mice treated with 5 and 10 mg hydrocortisone/kg body weight, ossification
      appeared earlier in the deep calcified layer than in control animals. After 2
      weeks of treatment, the cartilage tissue of the inner zone in mice treated with
      10 mg hydrocortisone contained ossification gaps, columnar bone tissue,
      connecting the bony vertebral body, and the deep calcified layer of the outer
      zone. The thickness of each layer was measured by light microscopy. By
      hydrocortisone treatment, the whole of the cartilage plate decreased in
      thickness, the two cartilage layers of the inner zone and the superficial layer
      of the outer zone became thinner, and the calcified or ossified layer of the
      outer zone became widened.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4049090
TI  - Primary amyloidoma of the spine. A case report and review of the literature.
AB  - Primary amyloidosis of bone is a rare disease process. When amyloid lesions do
      occur in bone, they are often associated with myeloma or other plasma cell
      dyscrasias. Because of its rarity and its protean clinical and radiographic
      picture adequate biopsy tissue for histopathologic studies is essential for
      accurate diagnosis. This case presents a 43-year-old man with nondescript back
      pain and an impressive radiographic lesion in his lower thoracic spine
      demonstrating the need for careful diagnostic evaluation and a high incidence of
      suspicion. When occurring primarily in a localized anatomic area, the prognosis
      for survival is excellent, and cure can be expected by local excision and
      reconstruction, as necessary.

PMID- 4049091
TI  - Surgical reconstruction of late post-traumatic thoracolumbar kyphosis.
AB  - Thirty-four patients underwent surgery for late post-traumatic thoracolumbar
      kyphosis. Indications for surgery included increasing kyphotic deformity, pain,
      or increasing neurologic deficit. Procedures included anterior spinal fusion
      only, posterior spinal fusion only, anterior and posterior fusions as staged
      procedures, and anterior and posterior fusions under the same anesthetic.
      Eighteen of the patients with anterior fusions also underwent decompression of
      the spinal cord by resection of the vertebral body. Stable fusion with halt in
      progression of deformity was obtained in 33 of the 34 patients by following basic
      biomechanical principles.

PMID- 4049092
TI  - An analysis of failed Harrington rods.
AB  - Eight mechanically failed Harrington rods have been retrieved and examined
      clinically, metallurgically, and biomechanically to characterize the mode of
      instrument failure and to determine how future failure rates might be minimized.
      The results of the study indicated fatigue to be the mode of mechanical failure
      in all cases, however, in only one case was any significant metallurgical defect
      observed. Failure occurred at the ratchet-shaft junction in seven of eight cases
      with the remaining failure occurring at the midshaft region. This occurred in the
      rod with the metallurgical defect. The possibility of fatigue failure can be
      lowered by implementing both clinical and design considerations. Clinically,
      stress on the rod can be lowered by placing the ratchet-shaft junction as close
      to the hook as possible and by using the shortest rod possible. Both of these
      will minimize the moment arm at the vulnerable ratchet-shaft junction. Design
      modifications, including increased rod diameter, polishing the ratchet-shaft
      interface and material changes, can also be used to lower the stress on the rods
      and thus reduce the risk of mechanical failure.

PMID- 4049093
TI  - Quantitative assessment of the fifth lumbar spinal canal by computed tomography
      in symptomatic L4-L5 disc disease.
AB  - Interpedicular distance, interfacet distance, midsagittal diameter, and cross
      sectional area at the upper aspect of the fifth lumbar spinal canal were measured
      from the computed tomographic (CT) scans of the spine performed in a period of 1
      year. The patients were divided into four groups. Group I (25 patients) was the
      normal control group. Group II comprised 29 symptomatic patients who were thought
      to have an L4-L5 herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) by CT and did not undergo
      surgery. Group IIIA was made up of 24 patients who underwent an L4-L5 discectomy
      and had favorable results, and Group IIIB (3 patients) included those who failed
      to improve following surgery. The symptomatic patient with an L4-L5 HNP by CT who
      did not undergo operative treatment had a mean canal size as measured by
      midsagittal diameter and cross-sectional area that was smaller (P less than 0.05)
      than in a normal control group. In the patients who required an L4-L5 discectomy,
      these same measurements were smaller (P less than 0.001) when compared with the
      nonoperative group. In the three failure patients, all four measurements were
      significantly smaller than in patients in Group IIIA with the interfacet distance
      and the cross-sectional area differences being the greatest (P less than 0.001).
      The patients who are likely to undergo operative treatment have a midsagittal
      diameter that is less than 1.6 cm and a cross-sectional area that is less than
      2.5 cm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4049094
TI  - Computed tomography of lumbosacral conjoined nerve root anomalies. Potential
      cause of false-positive reading for herniated nucleus pulposus.
AB  - Conjoined origin anomalies of lumbosacral nerve roots, if incorrectly
      interpreted, could be misdiagnosed as disc herniations on computed tomography
      (CT). Several characteristic CT features of these anomalies are presented that
      should distinguish them from herniated discs. A conjoined root anomaly was found
      in approximately 2% of the 8,000 lumbosacral CT scans.

PMID- 4049095
TI  - Somatosensory evoked potentials as an aid in the diagnosis and intraoperative
      management of spinal stenosis.
AB  - The use of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in localizing the level,
      extent, and laterality of nerve root entrapment is clinically important. In
      patients with lumbar spinal stenosis, this is especially true. This study defines
      a prospective investigation of 20 patients with preoperative SEPs of which 11
      patients had intraoperative SEPs correlated with their computed tomographic (CT)
      scan and/or myelographic findings. The results confirm a high incidence of 4th
      and 5th lumbar and 1st sacral nerve root involvement. The posterior tibial nerve
      was abnormal in 95%, the peroneal in 90%, and the sural in 60% in the
      symptomatical lower extremity. Upper lumbar segments were barely affected as
      evident by the low incidence of saphenous nerve abnormality in only 12% of the
      patients. The posterior tibial nerve had the highest yield and was useful for
      screening. Bilateral lower extremity abnormalities were found in seven of 20
      cases studied with two patients having bilateral symptoms and findings.
      Therefore, bilateral lower extremity SEP evaluation can reveal previously
      unsuspected pathology and is strongly recommended in preoperative evaluations.
      SEPs can serve as a useful intraoperative tool to guide the surgeon during a
      decompressive surgical procedure. SEPs are specifically helpful in spinal
      stenosis with a paucity of clinical findings and equivocal CT scan or
      myelographic studies. SEPs seem much more sensitive and effective than
      conventional electrodiagnostic tests in detecting spinal nerve root compression
      secondary to spinal stenosis.

PMID- 4049096
TI  - The use of mechanical etiology to determine the efficacy of active intervention
      in single joint lumbar intervertebral joint problems. Surgery and
      chemonucleolysis compared: a prospective study.
AB  - A group of patients were matched for clinical diagnosis, severity of symptoms,
      and duration and type of preoperative management. The patients all had
      intractible sciatica. They were submitted to this study by nine participating
      authors working independently in various centers in North America. Of these
      patients, those with spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis or those who had had
      previous surgery were excluded. The patients were treated by chemonucleolysis or
      by surgery. The information in the various parts of the protocol allowed: (1)
      identification of the joint at risk, (2) the generic type of injury (torsion or
      compression), and (3) the procedure of choice for each patient. The outcome was
      predicted from the operation report using a demerit system for each deviation
      from the procedure of choice. It was possible to predict from this information
      only, with a high degree of accuracy (94%), the outcome 2 years later. It was
      also possible to compare the efficacy of the various types of intervention,
      especially chemonucleolysis versus a variety of surgical procedures.

PMID- 4049097
TI  - Stereophotogrammetry of the lumbar spine. A technique for the detection of
      pseudarthrosis.
AB  - A computer-assisted photogrammetric method for the detection of pseudarthrosis
      following spinal fusion is described. This radiologic method is quantitative and
      noninvasive and requires a minimum of clinician time. Results of tests with a
      phantom specimen are presented. Preliminary indications are that the method may
      prove to be a useful adjunct to the clinician in monitoring the postoperative
      course of patients requiring fusion procedures.

PMID- 4049098
TI  - Technique for achievement and maintenance of reduction for severe
      spondylolisthesis using spinous process traction wiring and external fixation of
      the pelvis.
AB  - A technique is described for achievement and maintenance of reduction for severe
      spondylolisthesis in conjunction with reconstructive surgery. Spinous-process
      traction wires exert a posterior and cephalad force on the lumbar spine, while
      Hoffman pins anchored to the ilium rotate the sacrum in an anterior and caudad
      direction. Once maximum reduction is achieved, the patient is kept supine for 3
      months with pins and traction wires incorporated in a plaster cast. At follow-up,
      two patients demonstrated excellent correction of slip angle and a solid fusion.

PMID- 4049099
TI  - Distraction rod instrumentation with posterolateral fusion in isthmic
      spondylolisthesis. 53 cases followed for 18-89 months.
AB  - Fifty-three cases of isthmic spondylolisthesis were treated with distraction rod
      instrumentation and posterolateral fusion with or without nerve root
      decompression, and they were followed for an average of 39 months. Thirty-one
      cases without neurologic deficit were treated with instrumentation and fusion
      only. In 22 cases of predominant sciatic pain with neurologic deficit signs,
      nerve root decompression and instrumentation with fusion were conducted. The
      results showed a 90.6% solid union rate with satisfactory clinical improvement.
      Realignment of the vertebral displacement such as reduction of olisthesis and
      widening of the olisthetic disc spaces was obtained to some extent. No serious
      complications were encountered.

PMID- 4049100
TI  - Aneurysmal bone cyst of the spine. A case report.

PMID- 4049101
TI  - Delayed overdistraction of a surgically treated unstable thoracolumbar fracture.
      A case report.

PMID- 4049102
TI  - Osteoid osteoma of the thoracic spine with surgical decompression aided by
      somatosensory evoked potentials. A case report.

PMID- 4049103
TI  - Solitary osteochondroma occurring on the transverse process of the lumbar spine.
      A case report.
AB  - We have presented a case of an osteochondroma involving the transverse process of
      L3 in a 17-year-old man with no evidence of other osteochondromatous lesions. The
      growth of the lesion was extremely rapid but demonstrated benign histology. This
      patient was asymptomatic and had a normal physical examination despite the size
      of the lesion. The benign scoliosis in our patient appears to have been unrelated
      to and unaffected by the osteochondroma. Whether the osteochondroma would have
      reached sufficient size to cause significant visceral or neurologic compression,
      such as in the case presented by Gokay and Bucy, if he had not been treated for
      scoliosis is a matter of conjecture.

PMID- 4049104
TI  - The lymphatic system: International Society for Lymphology.

PMID- 4049105
TI  - Effectiveness of braces in mild idiopathic scoliosis.

PMID- 4049106
TI  - Spinal cord monitoring. Electrophysiological measures of sensory and motor
      function during spinal surgery.
AB  - Various recording methods were tested in 60 patients who underwent scoliosis
      surgery to find the most suitable technique for the spinal cord monitoring and to
      elucidate the neuroanatomic relationship of the evoked potentials recorded by
      these methods. Responses were recorded from the scalp and spine after stimulation
      of the tibial nerve or the spinal cord. The potentials from electrodes placed
      over the muscles and the tibial nerve after stimulation of the spinal cord were
      also recorded. Epidurally recorded spinal evoked potentials after stimulation of
      the tibial nerve generally consisted of two major negative peaks, NI and NII, and
      subsequent multiple waves. NI may be mediated through the spinocerebellar tract,
      and NII is most likely mediated through the dorsal column. The polyphasic waves
      are probably conducted through the slower sensory ascending pathways. The
      potentials recorded from the muscle after spinal cord stimulation may be mediated
      through the motor tract. Various recording techniques described in this study
      were mutually complimentary in confirming the results of tests recorded in the
      technically difficult environment of the operating room. In general, spinal cord
      stimulation recorded from the scalp or the spine was superior to peripheral nerve
      stimulation in yielding better defined responses. If the potential recorded from
      the muscle after stimulation of the spinal cord is indeed mediated through the
      motor pathway, this would be useful to assess motor function during surgery.

PMID- 4049107
TI  - Late results of Harrington's operation. Long-term evolution of the lumbar spine
      below the fused segments.
AB  - Between 1963 and 1971, Harrington's technique was used by the senior author to
      operate on 493 scoliotic patients, of which 364 were idiopathic. A total of 276
      patients were reexamined, of which 209 were idiopathic cases. All met the
      following criteria: a follow-up period of at least 10 years; the operation was
      performed by the same surgeon; and the review was undertaken by one person. The
      average follow-up period was 13 years, 10 months. A total of 95 patients had a
      follow-up period of more than 15 years, of these 75 patients were idiopathic. The
      surgical technique was similar in all cases: a distraction rod in the concavity,
      arthrodesis by decortication, and a corticospongious graft obtained from one or
      both iliac crests. Postoperative immobilization was assured by a plaster corset
      for 6 months, followed by a "plexidur corset lyonnais." The review of the
      patients examined was based on rigorous clinical and radiological analyses.
      Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were obtained, complemented by a lateral
      radiograph of the lumbosacral segment. The angular results were disappointing,
      decreasing from 66.2 degrees to 38 degrees immediately postoperatively but
      increasing to an average final curve of 51.4 degrees. Clinical results were good:
      Only 21.3% of patients actually had back pain. The patients were satisfied with
      their appearance and their professional, social, and marital status. This study
      indicates the outcome of the lumbar spine below the graft. The vertebral bodies
      were modified morphologically; they became elongated and more trapezoidal leading
      to a quite normal average lordosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4049108
TI  - Scoliosis at less than 30 degrees. Properties of the evolutivity (risk of
      progression).
AB  - In an attempt to find prognostic factors for mild scoliosis, the first clinical
      and radiologic data of 159 subjects with idiopathic scoliosis less than 30
      degrees were correlated with the annual speed of progression estimated
      graphically by further examinations. Thoracic and double major are more
      progressive than thoracolumbar and lumbar. The correlation with rate of
      progression is better for supine angle than for standing angle. Curves with low
      supine angles are those that have great relative collapse and low risk of
      progression. Only the rib hump of thoracic and thoracolumbar are correlated with
      evolutivity. Predictive equations give less approximation for individual
      prognosis than a previous graphic method, so they are not used. Approximately 73%
      of scoliosis have evolutivities less than 6 degrees per year and required nocturn
      corrective treatment.

PMID- 4049109
TI  - Standing and supine Cobb measures in girls with idiopathic scoliosis.
AB  - The standing Cobb measure in a group of 287 girls with idiopathic scoliosis at
      the start of treatment was in the mean approximately 9 degrees larger than the
      supine Cobb measure. This mean standing-supine difference was essentially
      independent of curve severity expressed by the supine Cobb measure. Because of
      this, when the difference was expressed as a percentage of the supine Cobb
      measure, the mean values of this ratio decreased substantially with increasing
      curve severity. The mean difference decreased only slightly with age through
      adolescence, indicating that spine lateral curves stiffen little as patients
      mature. The standard deviations in the standing minus supine Cobb differences
      were approximately 6 degrees in the majority of the age and severity groupings
      studied. Ninety-three percent of these patients had standing-supine Cobb measure
      differences that were between 0 degrees and 20 degrees.

PMID- 4049110
TI  - Flexibility of scoliosis. What does it mean? Is this terminology appropriate?
AB  - This work is a critical analysis of the term "flexibility of scoliosis." The
      authors demonstrate that this measure includes two very different and
      noncorrelated phenomena: the collapse and the reducibility of the structural
      curve. In 228 paralytic curves, these two phenomena were quantified and
      correlated with different parameters of scoliosis: sex, stage of maturation,
      curve pattern, number of vertebrae in the curve, spinal and abdominal test
      values, and the scoliotic evolution rate. Reducibility can be predicted since it
      is an elasticity process. Collapse is more complex, but it is a prognostic factor
      for evolution and effectiveness of treatment. The preliminary results of a
      similar study of idiopathic scoliosis are the same.

PMID- 4049112
TI  - Lumbar intervertebral disc heights in normal subjects and patients with disc
      herniation.
AB  - A method for the measurement of intervertebral disc heights from lateral
      radiographs obtained in controlled conditions was examined for intra- and
      interobserver errors. The use of a strict criterion for the positioning of marks
      on the images of the vertebrae was shown to enable reproducible measurements to
      be made with a maximum error of 0.7 mm. Measurements of anterior and posterior
      disc heights and disc depths were made for 11 normal subjects and ten male
      patients with prolapsed intervertebral discs, while standing upright. The level
      of the prolapsed discs were shown to have reduced height compared with normal
      before surgery, and further narrowing 3 months after surgery. The unaffected
      discs of the patients were the same height as those of the controls. The
      technique is proposed as suitable for the investigation of the effect on
      intervertebral discs of procedures such as the injection of chymopapain.

PMID- 4049111
TI  - Trunk posture and trapezius muscle load while working in standing, supported
      standing, and sitting positions.
AB  - A study of standing, supported-standing ("riding" on a rounded seat), and sitting
      postures was carried out on persons simulating assembly work in places with poor
      leg space. These postures and the upper trapezius muscle load were examined using
      statometric and electromyographic methods, respectively. While supported-standing
      or sitting, the lumbar spine moved toward kyphosis, even where there was no
      backward rotation of the pelvis. In adopting the position for anteriorly placed
      work, the upper arms were raised 30 degrees forward or more; then, if a greater
      reach was necessary, the trunk was flexed as well. It is concluded that if leg
      space is poor, variation between supported-standing and standing should be
      encouraged, and an ordinary office chair avoided. Working level should be
      arranged so that it is lower than 5 cm above elbow level if no arm/wrist support
      is possible.

PMID- 4049113
TI  - A prospective study of lumbar spinal movements before and after discectomy using
      biplanar radiography. Correlation of clinical and radiographic findings.
AB  - The significance of alteration of lumbar spinal motion in cases of herniated disc
      was examined using a three-dimensional x-ray technique (biplanar radiography)
      before and 3 months after discectomy. Fifteen consecutive cases of disc
      herniation were studied prospectively. Predictions of clinical examination,
      myelography, and motion study for the level and site of the lesion were
      correlated with the operative findings for their accuracy in localization of the
      lesion. Changes in lumbar spinal motion after surgery were also correlated with
      the clinical results. The clinical and myelographic predictions were similar to
      previously published studies. The present study showed that patients with a
      sequestrated or prolapsed disc lesion (as opposed to bulging disc) had an
      abnormally large lateral bend or axial rotation during flexion and extension at
      the level above, which reduced after surgery. Primary lumbar spinal motions
      (flexion and extension) were generally reduced to half of the normal value and
      were not significantly altered by surgery. The restriction of lumbar spinal
      motion was not significantly reflected in the clinical results, which were
      satisfactory in most cases. Discectomy by fenestration and minimal resection of
      the lamina did not produce instability.

PMID- 4049114
TI  - Spinal and pelvic kinematics in osteoarthrosis of the hip joint.
AB  - Angular displacement of the pelvis and the lumbar spine was measured in a group
      of 19 patients with unilateral osteoarthrosis of the hip joint and a group of 10
      control subjects of similar ages for comparison, and the means for each were
      calculated. All of the patients showed an increase in both sagittal plane (P less
      than 0.005) and coronal plane (P less than 0.01) movements of the pelvis, when
      compared with the control group. Two patterns of spinal movement were evident.
      One group showed a significant decrease in coronal plane movements and the other
      group showed a significant increase in coronal plane movements. Characteristic
      patterns of movement were identified and the variations between different
      patients recorded.

PMID- 4049115
TI  - Injury to the thoracic spinal cord by glass fragments. Case report.

PMID- 4049117
TI  - [Epidemiologic characteristics of anthropozoonoses].

PMID- 4049116
TI  - [Various features of the in vivo replication of the murine myeloma cell line X63
      Ag8.6.5.3. Preliminary report].

PMID- 4049118
TI  - [Characteristics of chronic otitis with destruction of the medial wall of the
      tympanic cavity].

PMID- 4049119
TI  - [Urinary excretion of epinephrine in patients on short-term and long-term
      corticosteroid therapy].

PMID- 4049120
TI  - [Urban air pollution as an etiologic factor in the development of chronic
      bronchitis].

PMID- 4049121
TI  - [Paralysis of peripheral nerves of various etiology].

PMID- 4049122
TI  - [Ovarian sarcoma].

PMID- 4049123
TI  - [Fibrous dysplasia of the facial bones and skull].

PMID- 4049125
TI  - [Gout and nephropathy].

PMID- 4049124
TI  - [Primary hyperoxaluria as a diagnostic problem in patients with terminal renal
      insufficiency].

PMID- 4049126
TI  - [Microanatomic study of arteries of the roof 4th ventricle].

PMID- 4049127
TI  - [Quality of diabetic care--results of an indirect evaluation].

PMID- 4049128
TI  - [Explicit criteria in the care of high-risk pregnancy].

PMID- 4049129
TI  - [Menarche in female students in 4 Serbian regions].

PMID- 4049130
TI  - [Primary osteomas of the mastoid process].

PMID- 4049131
TI  - [Iron deficiency and the anemia caused by this deficiency].

PMID- 4049133
TI  - [Surgical methods in congenital duodenal obstruction].

PMID- 4049132
TI  - [Life-threatening injuries of the esophagus in children].

PMID- 4049134
TI  - [Compression fractures of the thoracic spine in children].

PMID- 4049135
TI  - [Liver fibrosis as a cause of portal hypertension].

PMID- 4049136
TI  - [Comprehensive therapy in perforated appendicitis in childhood].

PMID- 4049137
TI  - [Surgery of the thyroid gland in children and adolescents].

PMID- 4049138
TI  - [Modern surgical possibilities in craniofacial malformations].

PMID- 4049139
TI  - [Blunt abdominal injuries in children in 20 years' data].

PMID- 4049140
TI  - [Indications for primary osteosynthesis in fractures of the long bones of
      extremities with special emphasis on multiple fractures associated with fractures
      of the femoral diaphysis].

PMID- 4049141
TI  - [Functional results after implantation of total endoprostheses of the hip joint
      in 7 years' data].

PMID- 4049142
TI  - [Use of total hip joint prostheses after injuries].

PMID- 4049143
TI  - [Primary malignomas of the small intestine].

PMID- 4049144
TI  - [Primary actinomycotic paraproctitis].

PMID- 4049145
TI  - Spermatic venous embolization in subfertile males with varicoceles.

PMID- 4049146
TI  - Retrospective survey of the clinical significance of cytosolic oestrogen receptor
      status in 287 patients with primary breast cancer.

PMID- 4049148
TI  - Erosion of the caecum by a Tenkhoff catheter. A case report.

PMID- 4049147
TI  - Acid injury to the upper gastro-intestinal tract. A report of 2 cases.

PMID- 4049149
TI  - Evaluation of a suspected malignant lymph node in the neck.

PMID- 4049150
TI  - The role of functional neck dissection in the management of advanced tumours of
      the upper aerodigestive tract.

PMID- 4049151
TI  - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck. A review of 25 cases.

PMID- 4049152
TI  - Transfrontal approach to the anterior base of the brain.

PMID- 4049153
TI  - Mucous extravasation cysts of the head and neck.

PMID- 4049154
TI  - Evaluation of the healing process of bone fractures in the non-human primate
      using sequential 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate scintigraphy.

PMID- 4049155
TI  - Maternal and perinatal mortality associated with caesarean section in Cape Town.

PMID- 4049156
TI  - Polymorphonuclear leucocyte function, juvenile periodontitis and bacterial
      infections.

PMID- 4049157
TI  - The changing pattern of cancer mortality in South Africa, 1949-1979.
AB  - The first paper in this series was published in 1975 and covered the period 1949 
      1969 for whites, coloureds and Asians in South Africa. This period is now
      extended to 30 years, from 1949 to 1979 inclusive, and includes data for urban
      blacks from 33 selected urban areas for the period 1968 - 1977. This information
      was superseded by data for all blacks, both rural and urban, in 1978. As this is
      available only for 2 years, the data are not included in this series, and all
      mention of blacks indicates information on urban blacks only. It is reassuring to
      know that mortality and geographical data for urban and rural blacks can now be
      separated from each other for comparative purposes, and that, in the future,
      transitional trends due to such striking phenomena as migratory labour and
      emigration to industrial areas can now be determined by the year. Finally,
      instead of expressing mortality rates per 100 000 of the population, a new method
      called the "cumulative rate or risk' is used, which is carefully defined. Changes
      in cancer patterns in all four major population groups are reflected graphically
      over the period 1949 - 1979 (blacks since 1968) by this method, and trends over
      this long period are discussed in terms of the frequency of cancers within each
      group, prognosis, aetiological factors and other related aspects.

PMID- 4049158
TI  - The rise in readmissions to psychiatric hospitals.
AB  - The progressive increase in readmissions to psychiatric hospitals in South Africa
      is causing concern. Readmissions now amount to 42% of total admissions, and in
      some cases their number exceeds that of first admissions. The phenomenon has been
      identified as occurring overwhelmingly among short-stay patients. Factors
      associated with readmissions have been examined as the first part of an ongoing
      investigation. Among these are a decline in available beds, an increasing
      shortage of psychiatric staff, differing readmission rates for different
      population groups, and the tendency of certain types of psychiatric disorders to
      relapse more frequently (schizophrenia and affective illness). The inability of
      the present psychiatric outpatient and community services to lower the
      readmission rate has been demonstrated. Factors which may have a bearing on the
      situation such as socio-economic conditions, substance abuse, compliance with
      medication and rehabilitative services are discussed.

PMID- 4049159
TI  - Outcome after discharge from a psychiatric hospital. A retrospective study
      evaluating demographic factors as predictors of risk of readmission.
AB  - The deinstitutionalization process has confronted psychiatry with the challenge
      of maintaining patients in the community. This problem is reflected in the ever
      increasing rates of readmission to psychiatric hospitals. The ability to predict
      patients at risk of readmission would aid in improving services by enabling
      attention to be focused on vulnerable groups. Past psychiatric history has been
      shown to be the most consistent predictor of readmission. This study verifies
      this finding among coloured patients discharged from Valkenberg Hospital, Cape
      Town.

PMID- 4049160
TI  - The place of 'active birth' in present-day obstetric practice.
AB  - "Active birth' is becoming an increasingly prominent issue in obstetric practice.
      The psychosocial background of current public interest in the subject is
      examined. Guidelines are suggested to accommodate "active-birth' practices within
      the hospital environment. The Johannesburg Hospital experience of the application
      of these guidelines in the first 100 patients admitted to the "Midwives Active
      Birth Unit' is reported.

PMID- 4049161
TI  - Genetic disorders on the island of St Helena.
AB  - The island of St Helena lies in the South Atlantic ocean and is isolated by
      distance from any land mass and by lack of a harbour or airfield. In these
      circumstances there could be an unusual pattern of inherited disease, and for
      this reason we have attempted to document the presence and frequency of genetic
      conditions in the population, which numbers approximately 5 500. Genetic
      disorders identified included autosomal dominant genu valgum, hereditary
      angioneurotic oedema, Christmas disease and pseudo-achondroplasia. The presence
      of the autosomal recessive form of retinitis pigmentosa provides a possible
      explanation for the occurrence of that condition in the islanders of Tristan da
      Cunha, since they have ancestral links with the St Helena community. The
      recognition of these genetic disorders in this isolated population has practical
      implications in terms of clinical management and the provision of medical
      services.

PMID- 4049162
TI  - Nutritional histories of severely and moderately malnourished and adequately
      nourished Indian preschool children.
AB  - Within a homogeneous community, severely and moderately malnourished and
      adequately nourished Indian preschool children were identified using weight-for
      height criteria. These subjects were also equal on several health and
      developmental variables. The mothers of the subjects were interviewed in an
      attempt to isolate possible nutritional factors affecting their nutritional
      status. Maternal perceptions and ratings of regularity of food intake, types of
      weaning foods, and the types of food eaten at breakfast, lunch and supper formed
      significant variables. It is suggested that any campaign against malnutrition
      must be implemented within the framework of existing food patterns.

PMID- 4049163
TI  - Autopsy-confirmed multiple sclerosis in a white South African. A case report.
AB  - The clinical and autopsy findings of a 31-year-old white South African woman with
      multiple sclerosis are described. Diagnostic, epidemiological and therapeutic
      aspects are discussed.

PMID- 4049164
TI  - Traumatic aorta-vena cava fistula detected with radionuclide angiocardiography. A
      case report.
AB  - Diagnosis of a traumatic aorta-superior vena cava fistula in a 54-year-old man is
      reported, and the value of radionuclide angiocardiography in detecting and
      localizing the lesion is described.

PMID- 4049165
TI  - Gangrene of the hand and forearm after inadvertent intra-arterial injection of
      pyrazole. A case report.
AB  - A case of gangrene of the hand following inadvertent intra-arterial injection of
      a pyrazole derivative (Tomanol) is presented. Gangrene of the hand and
      superficial sloughing of the distal arm necessitated a forearm amputation.
      Because of the serious sequelae, precautions must be taken to avoid inadvertent
      intra-arterial injections and due consideration must be given to the anatomical
      variation of the brachial artery and its branches in the cubital fossa.

PMID- 4049166
TI  - A simple clinical index of Crohn's disease activity--the Cape Town index.

PMID- 4049167
TI  - Radiation bowel and other vasculitides.

PMID- 4049168
TI  - The rise and fall of the augmented histamine/pentagastrin test.

PMID- 4049169
TI  - Abdominal lymphoma.

PMID- 4049170
TI  - South African Gastro-enterology Society: abstracts. Bloemfontein, 21-24 September
      1985.

PMID- 4049171
TI  - New antihypertensive drugs--blessing or costly nemesis?

PMID- 4049172
TI  - Axillofemoral bypass. A 2-decade experience reviewed.
AB  - A retrospective study of axillofemoral bypass performed at Groote Schuur Hospital
      over a period of 2 decades was undertaken to analyse the results and to re
      examine current criteria for patient selection. During this period 109 patients
      underwent surgery. The primary indication was critical ischaemia (in 88% of
      cases). Operative mortality was 6,4%. Graft thrombosis and sepsis were identified
      as the major reasons for graft failure. Overall graft patency at 3 years was 43%
      and at 5 years 30%. Successful graft thrombectomy improved the overall cumulative
      patency rate at 5 years to 43%, and patient survival in the same period was 56%.
      Modern advances in the assessment of anaesthetic risk together with improved
      postoperative intensive care have allowed more patients who in the past would
      have been considered candidates for axillofemoral bypass to undergo direct aortic
      reconstruction. While the results of axillofemoral bypass are inferior to those
      of aortic grafts, the technique remains a valuable method of limb salvage for the
      poor-risk patient and a life-saving treatment for aortic graft sepsis.

PMID- 4049173
TI  - A clinical and anatomical analysis of univentricular hearts.
AB  - Between January 1982 and May 1984 37 patients with a univentricular heart who had
      undergone two-dimensional echocardiography and cardiac catheterization were
      reviewed. The clinical, electrocardiographic, radiological and anatomical data
      are analysed and the controversy regarding this condition is discussed. The
      management and appropriate surgical procedures are presented.

PMID- 4049174
TI  - The incidence of cleft lip and palate in the Western Cape.
AB  - The incidence of cleft lip and palate in the Western Cape was studied using data
      from two cleft palate centres and from all plastic surgeons in practice in the
      area. A high incidence was found among coloureds, while the incidences among
      whites and blacks were similar to figures reported from other countries.

PMID- 4049175
TI  - Causes of death in a rural hospital in 1983.
AB  - All 749 deaths recorded by a rural hospital during 1983 were listed in five age
      groups according to the 9th revision of the International Classification of
      Diseases. The largest number of deaths were in adults aged 50 years and over and
      in children aged under 2 years, and the most frequent causes of death were
      malnutrition, hypertension, prematurity, heart failure and gastro-enteritis.

PMID- 4049176
TI  - Nutritional parameters in urban and rural Zulus.
AB  - Anthropometric, biochemical and haematological nutritional parameters were
      measured in 103 (65 men, 38 women) Durban Zulu adults (urban) and 109 (41 men, 68
      women) Tugela Ferry Zulu adults (rural). Men conformed to an ideal weight for
      height whereas women were 18% overweight in Tugela Ferry and 30% so in Durban.
      Mean arm muscle circumference in men was between the 10th and 20th centiles.
      Other nutritional parameters were similar to those accepted internationally as
      normal. In particular the serum albumin level was normal in both urban and rural
      Zulus. There was little change in the parameters with age except that hand grip
      as measured by dynamometry fell with age (P less than 0,05). Serum albumin levels
      fell with age in women (P less than 0,01) but not in men. Nine mothers of babies
      suffering from kwashiorkor showed normal nutritional profiles.

PMID- 4049177
TI  - Nutritional assessment by hand grip dynamometry.
AB  - Hand grip dynamometry was studied in 109 normally nourished and 26 malnourished
      patients. The grip strength was 37,5 +/- 9,9 kg/m2 in normal men, 30,5 +/- 14,4
      kg/m2 in men with carcinoma of the oesophagus (starvation-adapted) and 22,0 +/-
      9,2 kg/m2 in catabolic men (P less than 0,001). Normal women had a grip strength
      of 31,6 +/- 7,5 kg/m2 compared with 22,3 +/- 7,0 in catabolic women (P = 0,083).
      Hand grip dynamometry fell with age (r = 0,69 men; r = 0,57 women), although the
      correlation was only statistically significant in women (P less than 0,05). There
      was a strong correlation between right and left hand grip (r = 0,84 men; r = 0,86
      women), but hand grip did not correlate well with other indices of nutritional
      status. Although hand grip dynamometry is a quick, easy and reproducible test,
      and grip strength is reduced in malnutrition, it cannot replace other tests of
      nutritional status.

PMID- 4049178
TI  - The nutritional status of black adults in rural districts of Natal and Kwazulu.
AB  - A nutritional field survey was undertaken in 11 rural districts of Kwazulu.
      Standard anthropometric measurements (weight, height, triceps skinfold thickness,
      mid-arm circumference) were taken from 1 725 adults (616 males, 1 109 females),
      including 337 old-age pensioners, and a recall dietary intake questionnaire was
      completed by 297 male and 572 female Zulus. Mean body weights (+/- SD) were 95 +/
      10% of ideal for males and 118 +/- 15% for females. Consequently 39% of the male
      sample was undernourished (i.e. less than 80% ideal weight) and 17% of the female
      group obese (greater than 140% ideal weight). Undernutrition was significantly
      more common in old-age pensioners, with 73% of males and 23% of females being
      below 80% of the standard for body weight. Diet consisted mainly of refined maize
      meal (putu) 2-3 times per day. Meat and fresh milk were rarely taken, the average
      intake frequency for men being once a week and for women once a fortnight.
      Vegetable intake was seasonal, wild spinach and cabbage being consumed daily only
      during the summer rainfall months. Average fibre intake was therefore
      surprisingly low at approximately 10 g/d per individual. In conclusion, although
      poor socio-economic conditions are the root cause of most of the malnutrition
      problems observed, basic nutritional education can at least partially help by
      advising the population of the importance of a varied diet and the problems
      associated with obesity. More use of legumes, eggs, milk and fish products should
      significantly improve the diet. The reasons for the particularly high incidence
      of malnutrition among the elderly need further investigation.

PMID- 4049179
TI  - Torsade de pointes induced by sotalol and hypokalaemia.
AB  - The problem of a sotalol-induced ventricular arrhythmia (torsade de pointes) is
      presented and the contributory role of hypokalaemia is emphasized. It is
      concluded that sotalol may not be a suitable beta-blocker to use with a diuretic.

PMID- 4049180
TI  - Fracture of the talus in childhood. A case report.
AB  - Fractures of the neck of the talus are rare in children. A grade I injury in a 5
      year-old girl, with apparent bony union at 6 weeks after the accident, confirmed
      after 4 months, is reported.

PMID- 4049181
TI  - Anaphylaxis due to suxamethonium? A case report.
AB  - A case of profound cardiovascular collapse after the administration of Althesin
      (alphaxalone-alphadolone) and suxamethonium is described. During subsequent
      anaesthesia in the same patient, cardiovascular collapse followed the
      administration of thiopentone and suxamethonium. It is concluded that
      suxamethonium, rather than Althesin, was the provocative agent.

PMID- 4049182
TI  - Peritonitis in juvenile chronic arthritis. A report of 2 cases.
AB  - Peritonitis is a rare extra-articular manifestation of juvenile chronic arthritis
      (JCA) which, although mentioned in passing, seems not to have been documented
      previously. Two patients with systemic-onset JCA, 1 of whom had peritonitis in
      the early weeks of onset while the second developed peritonitis 10 years after
      onset, are described.

PMID- 4049183
TI  - Micro-angiopathic haemolytic anaemia and an unusual lactate dehydrogenase iso
      enzyme pattern in metastatic adenocarcinoma. A case report.
AB  - Micro-angiopathic haemolytic anaemia is an unusual but well-recognized
      complication of metastatic adenocarcinoma. A young black man presented with red
      cell fragmentation, compensated disseminated intravascular coagulation and leuco
      erythroblastosis. Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach was suspected but only
      demonstrated at autopsy. An unusual finding was the elevation of the slow-moving
      lactate dehydrogenase iso-enzyme (LDH5) level in the plasma which was shown to be
      produced by metastatic tumour cells recovered from the bone marrow.

PMID- 4049184
TI  - Parotid tumour as a presenting symptom of tuberculosis. A report of 2 cases.
AB  - Two young women with a mass in the parotid gland are described. In both the
      diagnosis of tuberculosis was only made on postoperative histological examination
      of the excised specimens. Since tuberculosis of the parotid gland can exist in
      isolation, this diagnosis should be considered in areas where tuberculosis is
      common.

PMID- 4049185
TI  - Torsion of the gallbladder. A case report.
AB  - A case of torsion of the gallbladder with gangrene in a 75-year-old woman is
      described. The diagnosis was established at laparotomy. The clinical features
      were suggestive of intestinal obstruction, while abdominal radiographs aroused
      suspicion of appendicitis and appendicular abscess; difficulty in preoperative
      diagnosis is emphasized.

PMID- 4049186
TI  - Comparative electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and numerical taxonomy of some
      isolates of Fonsecaea pedrosoi and allied fungi.
AB  - The proteins in broken-cell extracts from eight isolates of Fonsecaea pedrosoi,
      the principal agent of chromomycosis, were studied and compared by
      electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. A type pattern was established with 16
      fractions ranging in molecular weight between 7600 and 78500 daltons and 16
      fractions varying in isoelectric point between 4.95 and 7.90. A genetic distance
      of 0.1 found by the numerical study applied to both analyses reveals a
      considerable similarity among the isolates studied. This resemblance was moreover
      observed between F. pedrosoi and other related dematiaceous fungi.

PMID- 4049187
TI  - A comparison between Dactylaria gallopava and Scolecobasidium humicola: first
      report of an infection in a tortoise caused by S. humicola.
AB  - Scolecobasidium humicola, a soil fungus and etiologic agent of phaeohyphomycosis
      in fish, is herein reported to cause cutaneous lesions in a tortoise, Terrapine
      carolina var. carolina. S. humicola was isolated from lesions on the foot and
      dematiaceous hyphae were observed in KOH preparations of the biopsy and in
      stained preparations. This isolate and others were compared morphologically and
      physiologically with isolates of Dactylaria gallopava which it resembles. As a
      result of this investigation, we concluded that D. gallopava may be
      differentiated from S. humicola macroscopically, by the production in D.
      gallopava of an extensive diffusible purplish-red to reddish-brown pigment when
      cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar; microscopically, by the presence and usually
      predominance of conidia, whose apical cell is markedly wider than the basal cell,
      and usually constricted at the septum; and physiologically, by the ability to
      grow on media containing cycloheximide and by the ability to grow well at 36-45
      degrees C. In contrast, S. humicola does not usually produce a diffusible pigment
      on Sabouraud's dextrose agar or if present, is not extensive; it lacks the wider
      upper cell; is less constricted or non-constricted at the central septum; grows
      on media containing cycloheximide, although some inhibition may occur and lastly,
      does not grow at 36 degrees C or higher. Both species were urease positive,
      hydrolysed tyrosine but not casein, xanthine, or gelatin.

PMID- 4049188
TI  - Prevalence of bacteria and fungi in athlete's foot of varying severity and
      response to topical antibacterial and antifungal therapies.
AB  - Ninety-six patients with clinical evidence of interdigital lesions classified as
      mild, moderate and severe athlete's foot were investigated for bacterial and
      fungal populations in the interspaces. Gram-negative bacteria, which were not
      found in the toe spaces of 50 normal controls, were grown in increasing numbers
      and with increasing frequency as the symptoms progressed from mild to severe.
      Gram-positive bacteria were also isolated regularly and in increasing numbers
      commensurate with the severity of the disease. Similarly the isolation rates of
      dermatophytes and Candida species were higher in patients with moderate and
      severe disease compared to those with mild disease. Clinical and culture
      responses to topical applications with framycetin, tolnaftate, miconazole and
      clotrimazole were also studied. In some patients the prevalence of pathogenic
      fungi increased as bacterial numbers decreased. The pure antibacterial framycetin
      brought symptomatic relief, as did the purely anti-dermatophyte substance
      tolnaftate, but best results were seen with two azole compounds having mixed
      antibacterial and antifungal properties.

PMID- 4049189
TI  - [Association of gonadoblastoma and seminoma in a patient with persistence of
      derivatives of the m"ullerian ducts].

PMID- 4049190
TI  - [Netilmicin in comparison with tobramycin in the therapy of severe infections in
      nephropathic patients].

PMID- 4049191
TI  - [Scrotal telethermography in the diagnosis of dysspermia caused by varicocele].

PMID- 4049192
TI  - [Benign tumors of the testicle].

PMID- 4049193
TI  - [Association of cysts and tumors in the same kidney].

PMID- 4049194
TI  - [Incrusted cystitis. Etiopathogenesis and discussion of l0 new cases].

PMID- 4049195
TI  - [Crossed vasovasostomy as a solution of a complex problem of male sterility].

PMID- 4049197
TI  - Symposium on critical care.

PMID- 4049196
TI  - [Epididymal metastases disclosing a bilateral renal tumor noted 5 years earlier].

PMID- 4049198
TI  - The training and role of the surgeon in the intensive care unit.
AB  - The central question for surgeons is whether the patient in the surgical
      intensive care unit (SICU) is better served by a surgeon or a nonsurgeon as the
      responsible physician and as administrator of the SICU. This article explores the
      challenge of the SICU and the need for solutions, reviews the qualifications of
      the consultant in surgical critical care, and provides a job description of the
      director of an SICU.

PMID- 4049199
TI  - Vein, Gore-tex or a composite graft for femoropopliteal bypass.
AB  - Experience with a variety of graft materials has suggested that the nature of the
      material significantly affects long term graft patency. In 126 femoropopliteal
      bypass grafts performed during a 54 month period, the over-all patency rate for
      RSV (68.0 per cent at three years) was significantly superior to either Gore-tex
      alone (34.1 per cent at three years) or a composite graft of RSV below the knee
      anastomosed to Gore-tex above the knee (49.3 per cent at three years). The
      composite graft performed significantly better than Gore-tex alone, however, in
      patients with poor runoff or when a distal anastomosis was performed below the
      knee. The reason for the superior performance of RSV or the composite over Gore
      tex alone probably relates to compliance mismatch at the site of the distal
      anastomosis. While RSV remains the graft material of choice for femoropopliteal
      bypass grafting, a extensive role exists for the use of a composite graft rather
      than Gore-tex graft alone especially in patients with poor runoff with an
      anastomosis below the knee.

PMID- 4049200
TI  - Extended resections for carcinoma of the colon and rectum.
AB  - Eighty-four of 1,081 patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum operated
      upon at our institution between 1951 and 1980 had extended resections involving
      adjacent organs. The types of presenting symptoms or the duration had no affect
      on the survival time of these patients. Survival time was most significantly
      correlated with pathologic penetration and Dukes' stage. The operative mortality
      was 5.9 per cent with a complication rate of 28.5 per cent. The nature of the
      individual organs involved did not affect the survival time. Patients with
      carcinoma of the colon and rectum extending to adjacent organs can undergo
      resection with a five year survival rate comparable with all patients with
      surgically treated carcinoma of the colon and rectum.

PMID- 4049201
TI  - The hemodynamic effects of the sclerosant sodium morrhuate in dogs.
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of systemic administration of 5 per cent sodium morrhuate
      was evaluated in normal dogs. Dogs in the control group were injected with 2 per
      cent benzyl alcohol with pH adjusted to 9.5. Animals injected with sodium
      morrhuate had a significant reduction in cardiac output, arterial blood pressure,
      portal vein and hepatic artery flows. These changes occurred primarily in the
      first 30 minutes of observation. In response to the reduction of the hepatic
      blood flow, there was an increase in portal vein pressure and resistance.

PMID- 4049202
TI  - Colonoscopy related endotoxemia.
AB  - A pilot study of 20 patients who underwent colonoscopy was performed to
      investigate the occurrence of endotoxemia related to the procedure and its
      clinical significance. With the use of the limulus lysate method of assay,
      endotoxemia was demonstrated in 25 per cent of the patients during colonoscopy
      and 65 per cent afterwards, but was not associated with either concomitant
      bacteremia or any ill effects. The appearance of endotoxin in significant
      concentration in the presence of normal liver function and with no overt focus of
      infection, suggests that substantial absorption of bacterial products which
      originate in the intestine occur, but under normal circumstances cause no
      demonstrable deleterious effects.

PMID- 4049203
TI  - A twenty-four year retrospective study of dependent catheter paracentesis.
AB  - Dependent catheter paracentesis has been used on 590 patients over the last 24
      years. The complication rate is zero. It is faster, as accurate, cheaper and less
      hypersensitive than diagnostic peritoneal lavage. Open, semi-open and closed
      diagnostic peritoneal lavage when used with trocars is unjustified because of a
      significant complication rate.

PMID- 4049204
TI  - Routine operative cholangiography.
AB  - The records of 300 consecutive patients who underwent cholecystectomy at a large
      military teaching hospital from January 1981 through August 1982 were reviewed;
      270 patients (90 per cent) had intraoperative cholangiograms. Four clinical
      indications were helpful in predicting the likelihood of a positive
      intraoperative cholangiogram: 1, jaundice; 2, pancreatitis; 3, dilated common
      bile duct, and 4, palpable stones. The 63 patients with at least one of these
      indications had a 35 per cent incidence of true positive cholangiograms, while
      the 207 patients without such indications had a 0.5 per cent incidence of true
      positive studies (p less than 0.01). The incidence of false-positive studies was
      0.7 per cent in our series and 3.1 per cent in our review of the literature of
      2,580 cholangiograms. We conclude that cholangiography in the absence of clinical
      indications has a low yield. If cholangiography had been used selectively during
      the time period of 20 months of our retrospective study, more than 25,000 dollars
      could have been saved without missing significant pathologic findings in the
      common bile duct. We conclude that the thoughtful surgeon should perform
      cholangiography on a selective rather than routine basis.

PMID- 4049205
TI  - Lack of iron stores in patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - Low serum ferritin concentrations indicating empty iron stores are common (30 to
      50 per cent of the patients) in patients with carcinomas of the stomach, colon
      and rectum as well as in patients who have undergone resection of the stomach in
      addition to proximal selective vagotomy and fundoplication. Malignant diseases of
      the gastrointestinal tract are also associated with low serum ferritin
      concentrations and empty iron stores. Abnormal high serum ferritin concentrations
      are common in patients with polyposis of the stomach, intra-abdominal abscesses,
      carcinoma of the papilla of Vater, in patients one month after cholecystectomy
      and patients with benign tumors of the esophagus, esophagitis, perforation of
      peptic ulcer, diverticulitis of the colon, carcinoma of the esophagus and
      polyposis of the colon. Patients after proximal selective vagotomy due to
      duodenal ulcer have frequently lower and higher values than patients with
      duodenal ulcers who have not undergone operation. Thus, empty iron stores are
      common in patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, especially ones
      which are malignant, and after gastric operations, whereas a few neoplasms,
      malignant diseases and severe infections (intraabdominal abscesses and
      diverticulitis of the colon) may be associated with high serum ferritin
      concentrations. It is highly justified to determine serum ferritin concentrations
      in patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 4049206
TI  - Update on the use of preoperative pneumoperitoneum prior to the repair of large
      hernias of the abdominal wall.
AB  - A review of eight repairs of large hernias of the abdomen pretreated with
      progressive artificial pneumoperitoneum is presented. Although three recurrences
      were noted during the follow-up period, two of the recurrences were repaired
      easily without further herniation. The advantages and complications of this
      procedure are discussed. Although the use of pneumoperitoneum prior to
      herniorrhaphy has been well described in the past, current emphasis on prosthetic
      mesh repairs has overshadowed its advantages. Progressive preoperative
      pneumoperitoneum as an adjunct to the repair of large abdominal hernias and
      eventrations should be part of the armamentarium of surgeons who are confronted
      with these difficult operative problems.

PMID- 4049207
TI  - The jugular vein as an interposition graft in the distal splenorenal shunt.
AB  - The selective distal splenorenal shunt is the preferred portal decompression
      procedure for patients with refractory bleeding esophageal varices. An autogenous
      jugular vein interposition graft in the distal splenorenal position obviates the
      tedious struggle associated with mobilizing the splenic vein from the pancreatic
      substance, thereby lessening blood loss, avoiding postoperative pancreatitis and
      shortening operative time. An autogenous jugular vein interposition distal
      splenorenal shunt can, therefore, be performed with less morbidity while
      affording the same physiologic benefits as the standard distal splenorenal shunt.

PMID- 4049208
TI  - Thoracentesis.
AB  - Use of the Intracath technique for thoracentesis has been described previously.
      However, the addition of side holes to the catheter and water seal drainage have
      improved the safety and facility of thoracentesis allowing complete evacuation of
      the pleural space. This method has proved safe and useful for thoracentesis and
      occasional chemical pleurodesis in our clinical applications over the past six
      years.

PMID- 4049209
TI  - The use of falciform ligament in the repair of hepatic injuries.

PMID- 4049210
TI  - The vastus lateralis derived flap for repair of neglected rupture of the
      quadriceps femoris tendon.
AB  - A new method for repairing very large defects in the quadriceps tendon is
      described herein. In this technique, a strip of 2 to 5 centimeters of the
      aponeurosis of the vastus lateralis muscle is transposed medially to bridge the
      defect. Five patients have been treated with this method.

PMID- 4049211
TI  - A method for determining fecal continence prior to closure of colostomy.

PMID- 4049212
TI  - A simplified technique for intestinal reanastomosis after the Hartmann procedure.
AB  - The technique described herein is simple, fast and provides a secure anastomosis.
      Mobilization and extensive dissection of either the Hartmann pouch or the stump
      of the sigmoid colon is avoided. In addition, there is no need for pursestring
      sutures, which may be difficult to place in patients with short rectal stumps.

PMID- 4049213
TI  - Cellular function in liver and muscle during hemorrhagic shock in primates.
AB  - The results of this study demonstrated that muscle ATP levels were sustained in
      hemorrhagic shock despite marked deterioration of muscle function as indicated by
      a decline in PD. This indicated that energy depletion was not the primary basis
      of the cellular dysfunction in hemorrhagic shock. Cellular dysfunction and
      metabolic abnormalities in the liver occurred earlier during the course of
      hemorrhagic shock than in muscle. Other studies were cited in which it was
      suggested that inhibition of the membrane bound sodium and potassium active
      transport mechanism is the likely cause of tissue electrolyte and fluid shifts
      observed during prolonged periods of hemorrhagic shock.

PMID- 4049214
TI  - Statistical determinants of success and complications of thrombolytic therapy for
      arterial occlusion of lower extremity.
AB  - In this prospective study, we have documented the limited usefulness of
      thrombolytic therapy in the management of all patients with arterial occlusion of
      the lower extremities. We have also emphasized the significant rate of recurrent
      thrombosis unless an underlying obstructive lesion is corrected surgically after
      clot dissolution. Because thrombolytic drugs can lyse clots of a duration of
      several weeks, we recommend consideration of fibrinolytic therapy for subacute
      graft occlusions and segmental arterial thromboses. In such instances,
      thrombolysis is likely to reveal a focal underlying lesion that is correctable by
      a limited anastomotic revision or balloon angioplasty. Without fibrinolytic
      therapy, these older occlusions generally require more extensive bypass grafting
      or graft replacement. In contrast, we are less enthusiastic about thrombolytic
      therapy for distal small vessel thrombosis or embolism because complete clot
      lysis was achieved in only one of five patients. The primary problems with
      regional arterial low dosage thrombolytic infusions are bleeding at the
      angiographic catheter entry site and distal thromboemboli of the lysing clot.
      These difficulties may discourage wide acceptance of fibrinolytic therapy.
      However, they can be minimized by careful technique. Although its usefulness is
      limited and complications are common, catheter directed arterial low dosage
      thrombolytic therapy can be an important initial step in the diagnosis and
      treatment of selected arterial occlusion of the lower extremities.

PMID- 4049215
TI  - The serum and urinary cortisol response to operative trauma.
AB  - Serum and urinary cortisol levels were monitored throughout the perioperative
      period in eight patients who underwent elective extensive general surgical
      procedures. Significant elevations of serum cortisol levels occurred four and
      eight hours after anesthetic induction and were reflected by elevated urinary
      cortisol production on the day of operation. Cortisol serum levels and urinary
      production rapidly returned toward normal as all subsequent measurements were
      insignificantly different from preoperative values. Adrenal gland stimulation
      resulting from general surgical procedures is intense but short-lived.

PMID- 4049216
TI  - Indications for operation when peritonitis occurs in patients on chronic
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Although peritonitis is a common complication in patients on CAPD, laparotomy is
      necessary in only a small proportion of instances. In order to determine the most
      reliable method to identify which patients require laparotomy, 78 episodes of
      peritonitis were studied over a 27 month period. History, physical examination
      and routine laboratory parameters were not useful. If multiple enteric organisms
      were cultured from a patient and abdominal pain persisted, the results of
      laparotomy always revealed significant abdominal pathologic findings. No patient
      required laparotomy if multiple enteric organisms were not recovered. These
      findings suggest that the only reliable parameter in the selection of patients
      for laparotomy is the presence of multiple enteric organisms in the dialysate.
      When abdominal pain persists in a patient with multiple enteric organisms, a
      laparotomy should be performed.

PMID- 4049217
TI  - Percutaneous ultrasonic versus surgical removal of kidney stones.
AB  - Kidney stones may be removed without using a surgical incision by a combination
      of techniques and skills recently developed in the fields of urology and
      radiology. Percutaneous access to the kidney is established under fluoroscopic
      control. A guide wire placed into the renal pelvis allows a nephroscope to be
      inserted and the collecting system visualized. A long hollow metal probe is
      advanced through the nephroscope and placed in contact with the stone. This probe
      conducts the ultrasonic energy. The stone absorbs the energy and breaks into fine
      granules which are evacuated by suction. Percutaneous lithotomy was performed
      upon 300 of 302 consecutive patients bearing stones which required removal.
      Targeted calculi were successfully removed from 97 per cent of these patients.
      Eighty-one per cent had complete stone removal at the primary procedure; 57
      patients required additional percutaneous manipulations under local or general
      anesthesia. The previous 100 patients with kidney stones underwent surgical
      removal of the calculi. Complications associated with percutaneous stone removal
      included postoperative fever, delayed urinary bleeding, ureteral edema,
      symptomatic urinary extravasation and water intoxication. Only 16 patients with
      complications required prolonged hospitalization or readmission. No complications
      required surgical management; no deaths occurred. Anesthetic times were similar
      for both groups, averaging 152 +/- 4 (S. E. M.) minutes for PL and 193 +/- 8
      minutes for SL. Hospital recovery days averaged 5.7 +/- 0.3 for PL and 8.4 +/-
      0.5 for SL (p less than 0.01). Associated costs averaged $7,203 +/- 255 for PL
      and $8,849 +/- 660 for SL (p less than 0.01). The number of narcotic
      administrations per patient (days one to five postoperatively) averaged 9.9 +/-
      0.7 for the PL group and 16.8 +/- 0.8 for the SL group (p less than 0.01). The
      average patient in the PL group felt capable of full activity 2.0 +/- 0.2 weeks
      after stone removal, whereas no patient who experienced previous SL recalls a
      recovery period of less than three weeks (p less than 0.01). Most upper urinary
      tract calculi may be removed cost-effectively using a percutaneous approach.
      Patients may expect a rapid convalescence with diminished pain.

PMID- 4049218
TI  - A new operative approach to volvulus of the sigmoid colon.

PMID- 4049219
TI  - Safe immobilization of extremities for intravenous fluid administration in
      infants.

PMID- 4049220
TI  - The use of omental grafts in operations performed upon the colon and rectum.
AB  - The greater omentum is an organ with numerous potential uses. A simple procedure
      to create a vascularized pedicle based on solid anatomic principles coupled with
      adequate nutrition, careful operative technique and good preparation of the
      intestine will help ensure a postoperative course that is free of complications.

PMID- 4049221
TI  - A simple measure to prevent backward slippage of stones into the intrahepatic
      ducts during exploration of the common bile duct.

PMID- 4049222
TI  - Complications following carotid endarterectomy for all indications: report of 192
      operations.
AB  - The complications (stroke, myocardial infarction, and death) with 192
      endarterectomies performed on 162 patients were evaluated and categorized
      according to the presenting syndrome: asymptomatic bruit, transient ischemic
      attack, stroke, stroke in progress, and posterior fossa ischemia. Each group's
      complication rate was then evaluated over several postoperative periods (0.5 hour
      to 30 days) and compared with rates in comparable studies. Overall mortality for
      the entire series was 0.5%. This study points out the need to separate patients
      having undergone endarterectomy into presenting groups before comparing with
      other studies having similar postoperative observations.

PMID- 4049223
TI  - Intraarterial 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea chemotherapy for the treatment
      of malignant gliomas of the brain: a preliminary report.
AB  - In a clinical trial, 10 patients with malignant gliomas underwent partial
      resection of their tumors and were treated by intraarterial 1,3-bis(2
      chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) chemotherapy. The drug was given at least 1
      month after the completion of postoperative radiotherapy in total doses of 270
      280 mg/m2 in two sessions separated by a 48-hour interval (the two sessions with
      interval were equal to one course). This therapy was repeated every 8-10 weeks.
      Four patients had three courses and the other six patients had two courses of
      chemotherapy. This therapy was the only antitumor chemotherapy for this group of
      patients. Our preliminary results demonstrate the safety of this new procedure
      and suggest that intraarterial BCNU chemotherapy may be more effective, and has a
      better tolerance and less toxicity, than intravenous BCNU chemotherapy.
      Furthermore, it was demonstrated that, in the case of one patient, higher
      antitumor activity resulted from intraarterial BCNU chemotherapy as compared to
      intravenous BCNU therapy.

PMID- 4049224
TI  - Bilateral persistent primitive hypoglossal arteries associated with a large
      ruptured aneurysm on one side.
AB  - Bilateral persistent primitive hypoglossal arteries associated with multiple
      aneurysms in a 59-year-old man are reported. Angiography revealed bilateral
      persistent primitive hypoglossal arteries with a large ruptured intracranial
      aneurysm on the left side. There was one additional small aneurysm at the
      trifurcation of the right middle cerebral artery. This seemed to be the first
      case of bilateral persistent primitive hypoglossal arteries associated with
      multiple aneurysms.

PMID- 4049225
TI  - Delayed intracerebral hemorrhage after ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
AB  - A serious intracerebral hemorrhage occurred as a result of a measurement for grip
      power performed on the 7th postoperative day of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
      This type of delayed intracerebral hemorrhage after the placement of a
      ventriculoperitoneal shunt has not been described in the literature. The
      increased intracranial venous pressure produced by Valsalva's effect induced this
      complication, which is also considered to be the same mechanism as traumatic
      delayed intracerebral hemorrhage.

PMID- 4049226
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of a craniopharyngioma cyst.
AB  - The comparative findings on computed tomography scanning and angiography prior to
      and after spontaneous rupture of a craniopharyngioma cyst in a 17-year-old boy
      are described. Spontaneous rupture of craniopharyngioma cyst is extremely rare
      and we have been able to find only two such cases. The present case is the first
      case that was recognized by computed tomography scanning prior to and after the
      episode of rupture and verified histologically after operation.

PMID- 4049227
TI  - Chiari type I malformation with an associated intramedullary schwannoma.
AB  - A case of Chiari type I malformation associated with a cervical intramedullary
      schwannoma is presented. A review of the literature concerning intramedullary
      schwannomas revealed their most frequent location to be in the cervical region.
      Their optimal treatment seems to be total removal as early in the course as is
      feasible. Emphasis is given to the need for actual demonstration of the cystic
      nature of the swollen spinal cord when dealing with Chiari type I malformation.

PMID- 4049228
TI  - Chronic subdural hematoma after open heart surgery.
AB  - Three cases of chronic subdural hematoma after open heart surgery are reported.
      In all cases, computed tomography scans revealed subdural accumulations of high
      density after cardiac surgery. The high-density areas changed into isodensity or
      low density with mass effect within 2 or 3 weeks. Anticoagulant (heparin) and a
      tearing of bridging veins after a rapid change of the brain volume by
      administration of mannitol can be a cause of chronic subdural hematoma. Forty
      five to 60 mL of liquefied hematoma was aspirated and the outer membrane of the
      hematoma cavity was recognized by a trepanation.

PMID- 4049229
TI  - Odontoid fracture in a nine-month-old infant.
AB  - A type 2 odontoid fracture in a nine-month-old infant is presented. To the best
      of our knowledge, this case has the youngest reported patient with this type of
      injury having occurred by a mechanism other than direct trauma at birth. The
      purpose of this communication is to review odontoid fractures in the pediatric
      age group.

PMID- 4049230
TI  - Ultrastructural study of a cerebral gangliocytoma.
AB  - A pure cerebral gangliocytoma leaving no sign or symptom of recurrence after
      surgical removal is reported, with special reference to its CT scan and the
      ultrastructural findings. Unusual, large, dense bodies having the size of 800
      1200 m mu and radiating from a central core were identified on the
      ultrastructural study. Microcystic formations might have been produced by active
      secretory granules containing dense core vesicles. The literature concerning the
      dense core vesicle of ganglion cell tumors is reviewed.

PMID- 4049231
TI  - Straight sinus meningioma.
AB  - Successful removal of a meningioma arising from the straight sinus is described.
      The tumor was removed via a combined right occipital craniotomy and suboccipital
      craniectomy. The occluded straight sinus and an unusual vein draining the Galenic
      system to the superior sagittal sinus were demonstrated angiographically. Various
      kinds of visual symptoms appeared after the operation, but these gradually
      cleared.

PMID- 4049232
TI  - Acute carotid-cavernous fistula with retained knife blade after transorbital stab
      wound.
AB  - A patient who sustained an acute carotid-cavernous fistula due to a stab wound is
      presented. The management problems related to acute intracranial-penetrating
      injuries are discussed, with particular reference to vascular injury.

PMID- 4049233
TI  - Trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm caused by a tortuous vertebrobasilar
      system.
AB  - The case of a 66-year-old woman who developed both trigeminal neuralgia and
      hemifacial spasm caused by a tortuous vertebrobasilar system is reported.
      Vertebral angiography showed a dilated and elongated basilar artery overlying the
      porus acusticus of the internal auditory canal. Double-contrast computed
      tomography scanning was very useful in evaluating this abnormality. Vascular
      decompression was performed by using a fenestration clip.

PMID- 4049234
TI  - Repeatedly reversible alteration of acoustic-evoked brainstem responses with a
      cystic craniopharyngioma.
AB  - The case of a cystic craniopharyngioma in a young patient, in which the tumor
      extended in the parasellar and retrosellar region down to the left
      cerebellopontine angle, is described. The postoperative reversibility of
      alterations in the acoustic-evoked brainstem responses after repeated surgical
      intervention and refilling of the cyst is described. The correlations between
      clinical and CT findings and the repeated alterations in the evoked responses are
      presented. The evoked responses were instrumental in following the postoperative
      course and timing CT controls. It is stressed that alterations in evoked
      responses were used as a reliable indication to evacuate cyst fluid via a Rickham
      reservoir, although hearing was still intact, thus keeping the number of repeated
      CT scans lower.

PMID- 4049235
TI  - Hematomyelia during anticoagulant therapy.
AB  - An unusual case of hematomyelia during anticoagulant therapy is reported in a
      patient after cardiac surgery. A review of the pertinent literature is presented.
      After medical and surgical treatment, the transverse symptoms largely subsided
      with rehabilitation of the patient.

PMID- 4049236
TI  - Oligodendrogliomas arising in the scar of a brain contusion. Report of two
      surgically verified cases.
AB  - Several years after sustaining head injuries, two patients developed
      oligodendrogliomas in the scar of brain contusions. Both cases seem to fulfill
      the criteria currently established for accepting the traumatic origin of a brain
      tumor. The literature concerning the relationship between head injury and
      intracranial tumor is reviewed.

PMID- 4049237
TI  - Open letter to surgeons performing chemonucleolysis (from a surgeon performing
      chemonucleolysis)

PMID- 4049238
TI  - Hemiballismus from hematoma in caudate nucleus.

PMID- 4049239
TI  - Presidential address: academic surgery--points of view.

PMID- 4049240
TI  - Extracellular-intracellular lactate gradients in skeletal muscle during
      hemorrhagic shock in the rat.
AB  - Previous studies performed in our laboratory with a constant-pressure model of
      hemorrhagic shock in the anesthetized rat have failed to find any significant
      effect of shock on the glycogen or high-energy phosphate content of the soleus
      muscle that would be consistent with inadequate oxygen supply. The present study
      examined the extracellular-intracellular lactate concentration gradients under
      conditions identical to those of our previous studies to determine whether
      skeletal muscle lactate accumulation might occur under these conditions. Twenty
      seven pentobarbital-anesthetized rats were bled to a mean arterial blood pressure
      of 40 mm Hg during a 10-minute period and maintained at that level by withdrawal
      or reinfusion of shed blood. Arterial blood samples were taken and soleus muscles
      rapidly frozen during four defined phases of hemorrhagic shock: the early
      compensatory (phase I), maximal compensatory (phase II), early decompensatory
      (phase III), and late decompensatory (phase IV) phases. The results showed that
      although the plasma lactate and intracellular lactate concentrations change in
      parallel during all phases of shock, the extracellular--intracellular
      concentration gradient for lactate was always positive, ranging from 0.64 +/-
      0.61 mmol/L in phase I to 6.41 +/- 0.93 mmol/L in phase III. These findings,
      together with the previous failure to find significant high-energy phosphate or
      glycogen changes in the soleus muscle, suggest that this skeletal muscle is not
      metabolizing anaerobically and does not contribute to the observed lactic
      acidemia in this model of hemorrhagic shock.

PMID- 4049241
TI  - Serious wound infections in burned patients.
AB  - Wound infections are a major problem in burned patients. To determine the rate of
      wound infection associated with initial wound size and the amount of open full
      thickness wound, we prospectively studied all patients admitted within 1 week of
      burn injury during a 2-year period using weekly wound cultures. Wounds were
      treated with topical silver sulfadiazine and occlusive dressings. Burn wound
      excision and immediate grafting were initiated during the first postburn week.
      One thousand five hundred twenty-three patient weeks (483 patients) were
      evaluated. Serious burn wound infections developed during 55/185 patient weeks
      (42.3%) when the initial total burn (ITB) was greater than 40% body surface area
      (BSA). This decreased to 27/304 (8.9%) when the ITB was 21% to 40% and 60/1034
      (5.8%) when the ITB was less than 20% BSA. Burn wound infections developed during
      57/211 patient weeks (27.0%) when the initial full-thickness burn (IFB) was
      greater than 20% BSA. The rate of wound infection decreased to 73/776 (9.4%) when
      the IFB was 1% to 20% and to 12/536 (2.2%) when no IFB was present. We further
      analyzed the prevalence of serious wound infections in relation to the open wound
      size during the hospital course. Wound infections occurred during 47 of 96
      patient weeks (49.0%) when the current full-thickness wound was greater than 10%
      BSA. The infection rate decreased to 76 of 594 (12.8%) and 17 of 833 patient
      weeks (2.0%) when the remaining full-thickness wound was reduced to 1% to 10% and
      less than 1% BSA, respectively (p less than 0.05). Early wound closure would
      appear to reduce the risk of serious wound infections, especially in patients
      with full-thickness burns.

PMID- 4049242
TI  - Reduction of plasma cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol by continuous intravenous
      insulin infusion.
AB  - We studied lipid profiles in 10 patients with insulin-requiring type II diabetes.
      Patients began the study under conventional subcutaneous insulin injection
      therapy. Treatment was then optimized on subcutaneous therapy and finally
      converted to continuous intravenous therapy from a single flow rate implantable
      pump. Pump management proved reliable and safe. Implantable pump therapy showed a
      statistically significant reduction in the average plasma cholesterol level from
      205.7 to 184.7 mg/dl. The mean low-density lipoproteins (LDL)-cholesterol level
      decreased from 114.6 to 108.1 mg/dl, the high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
      cholesterol average changed from 50.6 to 51.0 mg/dl, and the HDL/LDL ratio
      increased from 0.478 to 0.500. Glycemic control did not improve on single-rate
      intravenous therapy compared with intensive conventional subcutaneous injection
      during the short observation period. The authors conclude that additional studies
      should be performed to confirm the improvement in the lipid profile on
      intravenous pump therapy.

PMID- 4049243
TI  - Intestinal atresia and stenosis: analysis of survival in 120 cases.
AB  - This report reviews the clinical presentation, operative management, and survival
      in 120 infants with intestinal atresia and stenosis treated from 1972 to 1984.
      Duodenal atresia occurred in 39 neonates and duodenal stenosis in 19. Thirty-two
      infants had severe associated anomalies. Operative management included
      duodenoduodenostomy in 47 infants, duodenotomy and web excision in four, and
      duodenojejunostomy in seven. Jejunoileal atresia occurred in 49 infants and
      stenosis in three. Six infants had cystic fibrosis and nine had gastroschisis.
      Operative therapy included wide proximal resection and end-to-end anastomosis in
      18 infants, minimal resection with antimesenteric tapering enteroplasty and
      anastomosis in 14 neonates, and resection with temporary enterostomies in 20
      infants. Twenty-nine infants (56%) required total parenteral nutrition. Colon
      atresia occurred in 11 infants and stenosis in one. Initial end-colostomy with
      subsequent resection and anastomosis was performed in 11 infants while one
      underwent a primary resection. The survival rate was 91% for duodenal defects,
      87% for jejunoileal cases, and 100% for colonic anomalies. Death is currently
      caused by severe associated anomalies in infants with duodenal atresia and sepsis
      and total parenteral nutrition-related cholestasis with progressive liver failure
      in instances of jejunoileal atresia.

PMID- 4049244
TI  - Management of nonfamilial adenomatous polyps and colon cancers.
AB  - There is evidence that patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and synchronous
      adenomatous polyps are at an increased risk for developing metachronous colon
      cancer. A retrospective study was made of all patients with colon cancer at our
      institution and the associated Veterans Administration Hospital between 1974 and
      1983 to help assess the need for more extensive colon resection in patients with
      colon cancer and synchronous adenomatous polyps. At our hospitals 470 new cases
      of colon cancer were identified. Nine percent (44/470) had colon cancer and
      concurrent adenomatous polyps. Seven (16%) of these 44 patients developed
      metachronous colon cancer, as compared with four of 426 patients without polyps
      at the initial surgery (p less than 0.001). Four patients without polyps at the
      initial surgery developed polyps at a later date; three of the four patients
      developed metachronous colon cancer. We believe that more extensive colon
      resection, such as total colectomy and ileoproctostomy, may play a role in
      preventing the occurrence of metachronous colon cancer in patients with colon
      cancer and synchronous adenomatous polyps. In addition, if adenomatous polyps
      develop after colon surgery, close endoscopic follow-up is required.

PMID- 4049245
TI  - Vertical banded gastroplasty: assessment of efficacy.
AB  - We previously demonstrated unacceptably high failure rates with horizontal
      gastroplasty. Shortly thereafter, vertical banded gastroplasty was introduced.
      Since April 1982 we have operated on 56 patients who were carefully selected and
      closely followed. There were 10 men and 46 women, aged 15 to 54 years (mean age
      36 years) with preoperative weights of 93.5 to 198.6 kg (mean 125.9 kg). The mean
      weight loss at 6 to 12 months was 36 +/- 10 kg, or 30% of body weight. At 18
      months, data were available for 48 of the 56 patients. Their weight losses were
      44 +/- 11 kg, or 35% of body weight. Eight patients were lost to follow-up. The
      weight of nine additional patients plateaued before they lost 30% of their
      starting weights and another eight patients have started to regain weight after
      achieving satisfactory weight loss. Included are two patients with severe
      stenoses who regained all weight lost.

PMID- 4049246
TI  - Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts: results of an aggressive surgical
      approach.
AB  - Ninety patients with adenocarcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts were treated
      between 1969 and 1984. Fifty-four tumors involved the upper third, 15 the middle
      third, and 21 the lower third of the common duct. Twenty-two patients had
      gallstones and five had inflammatory bowel disease. Forty-three patients had
      operations before definitive treatment; the diagnosis was made in only 18.
      Resection was accomplished in 30 patients (33%): 12 of 54 in the proximal third,
      six of 15 in the middle third, and 12 of 21 in the distal third. The mean
      survival in patients who underwent resection was 32 months (proximal third, 28
      months; middle third, 32 months; lower third, 37 months). Surgical bypass was
      performed in 28 patients (mean survival 10 months) and intubation alone was
      performed in 24 patients (mean survival 8 months). Recurrent cholangitis occurred
      in 56% of intubated patients compared with 26% of patients treated without tubes.
      Radiation was used with resection and for palliation. Responses were observed,
      but the complication of radiation duodenitis has limited the dose. An aggressive
      approach to resection of bile duct tumors is possible with a low operative
      mortality rate and offers the best opportunity for cure as well as good
      palliation. Internal bypass is preferable to chronic intubation. The role of
      radiation therapy in this disease is still not clear.

PMID- 4049247
TI  - The role of prostaglandins in feline experimental cholecystitis.
AB  - The arachidonic acid metabolites are recognized as important biochemical
      mediators of inflammation in a wide variety of disease processes. Also the
      ability to change prostaglandin formation by inhibition of prostaglandin
      synthetase activity with aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
      is important in the treatment of many diseases with an inflammatory component.
      Although gallbladder disease is primarily related to the development of
      cholesterol stones, inflammation is an important contributor to the subsequent
      symptoms and accompanying illness. This research evaluates the formation of
      prostaglandins E and F by gallbladder tissue. Gallbladder mucosal cells and
      muscle tissue were maintained in tissue culture medium. Production of
      prostaglandins E and F was determined by quantitation by radioimmunoassay of
      these substances in culture media and mucosal cell and muscle tissue homogenates.
      Prostaglandin production by normal gallbladder tissue in a variety of species
      including man was consistently demonstrated in the nanogram per milligram mucosal
      cell or muscle tissue protein range. In cats, inflammation was produced by
      placing a 4% carrageenan-soaked sponge in the gallbladder, and prostaglandin
      synthetase inhibition was produced by indomethacin administration. The feline
      gallbladder increased prostaglandin F production in inflamed gallbladder mucosal
      cells and E production by inflamed gallbladder muscle tissue, and indomethacin
      inhibited these increases. A positive, significant correlation existed between
      the increased prostaglandin E and prostaglandin F production by inflamed
      gallbladder tissue and the amount of inflammation present as determined by a
      histologic score. The histologic score of the amount of gallbladder inflammation
      present was decreased significantly by indomethacin when compared with inflamed
      gallbladders from cats not receiving indomethacin. Prostaglandins may play a role
      in the inflammatory processes occurring in acute cholecystitis.

PMID- 4049248
TI  - Malnutrition and humoral immunity: short-term acute nutritional deprivation.
AB  - The effects of short-term acute nutritional deprivation and refeeding on immune
      function was investigated in rats. Animals previously sensitized to keyhole
      limpet hemocyanin were starved for 72 hours and refed for 7 days. Recall skin
      testing with keyhole-limpet hemocyanin and immunization with tetanus toxoid (TT)
      were used to assess delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and humoral immune
      responses. DTH was maximally depressed late, after refeeding had begun. Anti-TT
      responses were depressed early during starvation. Neither DTH nor anti-TT
      responses had returned to normal after a period of refeeding sufficient to
      restore weight. The data indicate that short-term acute nutritional deprivation
      may contribute to acquired immunodeficiency in patients undergoing surgery.

PMID- 4049249
TI  - Hurthle cell tumor behavior: dilemma and resolution.
AB  - Thirty-four patients with the diagnosis of Hurthle cell tumor occurring from 1971
      to 1984 were reviewed to help delineate an acceptable treatment policy. Twenty
      nine of these occurred in the last 5 years of study so that extensive follow-up
      was not possible. Patients varied from age 17 years to 82 and consisted of five
      males and 29 females, most of whom had an asymptomatic solitary cold nodule.
      There was a 26% incidence of malignancy. One patient died of cancer caused by
      anaplastic change of underlying disease; this woman had refused surgery after an
      incisional biopsy specimen showed benign Hurthle cell tumor. Surgery consisting
      of lobectomy in 16 patients and near-total thyroidectomy in 18 was uncomplicated.
      No nodal surgery was necessary. Eighteen percent of patients had multicentric
      disease of which one half were malignant. Twelve percent of patients developed
      contralateral Hurthle cell tumor after lobectomy. Associated thyroid lesions
      occurred in 30% of patients, hyperparathyroidism in 10%. There are polar views in
      the literature on the management of these patients. While our own tumor
      experience has been reassuring, we feel that in view of the paucity of cases,
      those who view this tumor in a serious light deserve attention. Accordingly we
      advocate near-total thyroidectomy as a primary operation for those who are fit,
      lesser procedures for the disabled, and the difficult situation, and node
      sampling to detect early metastasis and improved survival in this group. It is
      apparent that further reporting of long-term follow-up experience is necessary
      for complete resolution of dilemmas in the treatment of this problem.

PMID- 4049250
TI  - Effect of operative devascularization on estrogen and progesterone receptor
      levels in breast cancer specimens.
AB  - To compare estrogen and progesterone receptor values between biopsy and
      mastectomy specimens, we prospectively studied 29 patients with breast cancer
      treated by incisional biopsy followed by mastectomy. The average tumor size was
      5.4 +/- 0.5 cm and the mean age was 57.6 +/- 3.0 years. Nine patients were
      premenopausal and 20 were postmenopausal. Biopsies were performed without
      electrocautery, and tissue samples were promptly frozen and subsequently assayed
      for estrogen and progesterone receptor levels. After mastectomy, samples of
      residual tumor were excised from the biopsy site, promptly frozen, and assayed
      for estrogen and progesterone receptor levels. Operating time averaged 87.7 +/-
      6.0 minutes. Estrogen receptor levels averaged 100.0 +/- 24.4 femtomole per mg on
      biopsy specimens and 29.5 +/- 8.2 fmol/mg on mastectomy specimens, representing a
      70% decline (p less than 0.02). Of clinical significance is the fact that eight
      of 29 (27.6%) tumors changed from positive estrogen receptor values in the biopsy
      specimen to negative (four) and borderline (four) in the mastectomy specimens.
      Progesterone receptor levels were more variable, but their mean value decreased
      by 24.4% from 17.6 +/- 6.4 fmol/mg on biopsy samples to 13.3 +/- 4.3 fmol/mg on
      mastectomy samples (p, not significant). We conclude that the biopsy specimen is
      usually a more reliable indicator of hormonal receptor status than the mastectomy
      specimen and recommend that incisional or excisional biopsy specimens be taken
      for estrogen and progesterone receptor assays before mastectomy.

PMID- 4049251
TI  - Primary inflammatory carcinoma of the female breast: staging and treatment
      possibilities.
AB  - Primary inflammatory carcinoma of the breast, which is considered inoperable, has
      a prognosis that has led to therapeutic nihilism. Treatment of 81 such patients
      between 1954 and 1981 is reported here. When first seen, 28 patients had
      clinically localized disease (median survival 48 months) and 53 had regional
      disease (median survival 26 months). Thus there is a significant difference in
      survival rates (p less than 0.05). Of the 81 patients, 32 were treated primarily
      with radiotherapy (Baclesse), 37 were treated with chemotherapy then radiotherapy
      followed by chemotherapy maintenance, and 12 were treated with chemotherapy
      followed by extended simple mastectomy and chemotherapy maintenance. For the
      three treatment protocols, survival times for patients with localized disease
      were 50, 45, and 50 months and for patients with regional disease survival times
      were 13, 32, and 47 months, which demonstrates that patients with metastatic
      disease benefit from chemotherapy and perhaps in selected cases surgery. Thirty
      five percent of the 28 patients with localized disease and 20% of the 53 patients
      with regional disease survived 5 years, for an overall 5-year survival rate of
      26%. Of the 13% of patients who survived 10 years, 18% had localized disease and
      10% had regional disease. Both clinical staging and treatment factors are
      important in the prognosis for patients with primary inflammatory carcinoma of
      the female breast.

PMID- 4049252
TI  - Management of infection of major amputation stumps after failed femorodistal
      grafts.
AB  - A retrospective review was performed of 174 patients who underwent 199 lower
      extremity amputations for unreconstructable vascular insufficiency from 1976 to
      1983 at the Northwestern University Medical Center. This study was initiated to
      identify the cause of amputation wound healing complications and secondary
      ascending prosthetic graft infection, as well as to propose a plan of management
      for the failed prosthetic grafts at the time of major limb amputation. Ninety
      eight amputations were performed primarily, 12 were performed secondary to graft
      infection, and 89 were performed in patients who had previously undergone
      infrainguinal arterial bypass procedures. At the time of amputation, graft
      management consisted of high transection and suture ligation, allowing the graft
      to retract into the substance of the stump and away from the skin suture line and
      weight-bearing area of the limb. Delayed stump healing was noted to occur more
      commonly in the group who had undergone previous bypasses as opposed to those who
      had undergone primary amputation (34.8% versus 14.3%). Fourteen graft infections
      developed in 89 patients after amputation (15.7%), which is significantly higher
      than the overall 1.4% incidence of lower-extremity bypass infections that
      occurred during the same interval in patients with intact extremities. In
      addition, it was found that when infected grafts in amputated limbs were
      completely removed, stump healing without recurrent wound and graft sepsis was
      better than when treated locally or with partial graft removal. We therefore
      recommend removal of a thrombosed graft with an infected wound or an infected
      graft at the time of major limb amputation to decrease the incidence of wound
      complications and graft infection.

PMID- 4049253
TI  - Bacterial adherence to endothelial-seeded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts.
AB  - Since infections of an arterial prosthesis pose a serious threat to life and
      limb, efforts to produce a graft that is resistant to hematogenous bacteremia
      continue. We studied the effect of endothelial seeding on bacterial adherence to
      polytetrafluoroethylene grafts in a canine model. Enzymatically derived venous
      endothelial cells were seeded in 10 cm long, 4 mm inner diameter
      polytetrafluoroethylene grafts, which were then implanted as carotid
      interpositions opposite contralateral unseeded controls. After 4 to 8 weeks, each
      dog received an intravenous infusion of 3 X 10(8) radiolabeled Staphylococcus
      aureus. Seeded grafts had significantly fewer adherent viable bacteria than had
      control grafts (mean, 432 versus 989; p less than 0.05) and significantly fewer
      radiolabeled bacteria (mean, 2 X 10(5) versus 8 X 10(5); p less than 0.05).
      Seeded grafts also had significantly more thrombus-free, luminal surface area
      than had control grafts (mean, 72% versus 40.6%; p less than 0.05). Scanning
      electron microscopy and autoradiography of seeded grafts confirmed that the sites
      of bacterial adherence largely corresponded to accumulations of surface thrombus.
      In this experiment, endothelial seeding appeared to protect against bacterial
      adherence after a hematogenous challenge 4 to 8 weeks after implantation by
      reducing luminal thrombi.

PMID- 4049254
TI  - A study of the techniques of cardiac massage with the abdomen open.
AB  - The present study compares the hemodynamic effectiveness of closed-chest cardiac
      massage (CCCM) with closed subdiaphragmatic massage (CSDM) and four open
      transdiaphragmatic cardiac massage techniques during cardiac arrest with an open
      abdomen. In 10 dogs CCCM resulted in the lowest cardiac index (CI), mean arterial
      pressure (MBP), and carotid blood flow (CBF) of all cardiac massage techniques
      tested. CSDM was not statistically superior to CCCM in the dog (p greater than
      0.05) but did result in a 23% increase in CI and a 54% increase in CBF.
      Transdiaphragmatic retrocardiac massage through an incision in the diaphragm
      resulted in the highest CI, MBP, and CBF of all the four open transdiaphragmatic
      techniques and had significantly higher values than those for CCCM in the dog (p
      less than 0.05). In three cadaveric renal donors, all four open
      transdiaphragmatic techniques and CSDM were noted to be equal to or superior to
      CCCM. Three patients have been successfully resuscitated with diaphragmatic
      cardiac massage techniques for cardiac arrest while undergoing abdominal
      operations. These studies reveal that all subdiaphragmatic or transdiaphragmatic
      techniques for cardiac massage are hemodynamically equivalent to or superior to
      the standard CCCM without such complications as fractured ribs and should be
      considered the treatment of choice for cardiac arrest in the patient with an open
      abdomen.

PMID- 4049255
TI  - Traumatic injury to the proximal superior mesenteric vessels.
AB  - Twenty-one patients were treated for 25 injuries to the proximal superior
      mesenteric vessels (eight, superior mesenteric artery; nine, superior mesenteric
      vein; four, superior mesenteric artery plus superior mesenteric vein). Mechanisms
      of injury were stab wounds (11 cases), motor vehicle accidents (9 cases), and
      iatrogenic (one case). Ten patients (48%) arrived at the emergency room in shock
      (two with no obtainable case blood pressure). Superior mesenteric artery repair
      was performed by lateral suture (seven cases), end-to-end anastomosis (three
      cases), autogenous vein graft (one case), and no repair (one case). All 13 venous
      injuries were repaired by lateral suture. Four patients (19%) died in the
      operating room secondary to acute blood loss and irreversible shock. There were
      no late deaths and no second-look operations. Further improvement in survival
      depends on rapid transportation from injury site to operating room.

PMID- 4049256
TI  - Serial changes in primary hemostasis after massive transfusion.
AB  - Primary hemostasis was studied in 22 injured patients in the operating room (OR)
      after a minimum of 10 transfusions, 6 and 15 hours after surgery, on
      postoperative days 2 and 4 and during convalescence (mean 25 days after surgery).
      The platelet count was low in the OR and continued to fall after surgery through
      the second postoperative day; it began to rise by day 4 and was above normal at
      convalescence. Most patients had prolonged bleeding time through day 4. Platelet
      aggregation with adenosine diphosphate and collagen was depressed in the OR and
      platelet aggregation remained depressed. The platelet-specific proteins, beta
      thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4, were elevated in the OR and fell
      throughout the first 4 postoperative days. A secondary rise in these proteins
      occurred at convalescence. Despite severe alterations in both the number and
      function of platelets after massive transfusion for injury, no patient had
      clinical oozing. Therefore the routine administration of platelets in comparable
      patients without "medical bleeding" is unwarranted.

PMID- 4049257
TI  - The use of computerized axial tomography versus peritoneal lavage in the
      evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma: a prospective study.
AB  - Computerized axial tomography (CAT) of the abdomen was prospectively compared
      with peritoneal lavage (PL) in 19 patients who sustained acute blunt abdominal
      trauma. All were selected carefully and were deemed stable, never having been in
      shock, and all required diagnostic PL. Seven patients underwent exploratory
      laparotomy on the basis of CAT and PL findings. There were no negative findings
      at laparotomy. Three significant splenic injuries, one hepatic laceration, and
      two hemoperitoneums were undetected by CAT. All seven cases explored were
      preceded by a grossly positive PL. Thus no major injury would have been missed if
      PL had been used alone. There were no complications of PL but one patient
      aspirated oral contrast medium and one patient developed hypotension during CAT.
      Open PL required one half the time (20.6 minutes) as CAT (47.4 minutes). The
      total cost of CAT was approximately eight times that of PL ($900.01 versus
      $116.38). In our hands, PL would seem to be significantly more sensitive with
      fewer false negative results than CAT of the abdomen in acute blunt abdominal
      trauma, a deviation from results of earlier reported series. CAT alone would have
      added cost, time, some risk, and very little information of use that would not be
      obtained by PL followed by surgery. Therefore before CAT replaces PL in the
      evaluation of adult patients with blunt abdominal trauma, we feel that additional
      prospective studies are needed to better define the accuracy and sensitivity of
      CAT as compared with PL with regard to intraperitoneal injuries.

PMID- 4049258
TI  - Primary repair of the colon: when is it a safe alternative?
AB  - Management of civilian colon injuries has clearly departed from the military
      directive advocating mandatory colostomy. The treatment of 228 colon injuries at
      the Denver General Hospital was reviewed to elucidate risk factors for colon
      related complications and quantify the morbidity of available surgical treatment
      options. In our population, 68% of patients sustained gunshot wounds with a high
      percentage of severe colon injuries and associated abdominal organ damage.
      Primary repair was accomplished in 49% with 17% septic morbidity and 1% septic
      mortality rates. Colostomy was required in 36% with a cumulative septic morbidity
      of 48% and 2% septic mortality. The most common complications were abdominal
      abscess (12%), wound infection (7%), and fecal fistula (4%). Analysis of risk
      factors for colon-related morbidity showed that the Abdominal Trauma Index (ATI),
      colon injury severity, preoperative shock, and peritoneal contamination were most
      important. Synthesis of the treatment outcome and risk factor data yields a
      proposed management scheme for colon injuries that is based on the patient's
      hemodynamic status, colon injury severity, and ATI scores. Primary repair by
      either debridement and simple closure or resection with primary anastomosis is
      advocated for colon injuries in patients who are hemodynamically stable with an
      ATI score less than 25.

PMID- 4049259
TI  - [A method of plasmapheresis in patients with hereditary hypercholesterolemia].
AB  - The authors describe a procedure of plasmapheresis with plasma ultrafiltration
      and the ultrafiltrate return to the patient. It has been shown that application
      of such a procedure of plasmapheresis permits eliminating lipids, with
      preservation of electrolytes, enzymes, amino acids, vitamins and other valuable
      plasma components.

PMID- 4049260
TI  - [High life expectancy in multiple myeloma].
AB  - The authors describe the main clinicolaboratory finding of 9 patients with
      multiple myeloma (MM) who survived 10 and more years. The number of the "long
      lived" survivors among 256 patients with MM seen from 1966 to 1980 amounted to
      3.5%. The main characteristics of the disease of the "long-lived" survivors were
      correlated to those of 247 MM patients who survived for less than 10 years. In
      principle, no differences were revealed between the compared groups in term of
      the size of the initial tumor mass, red blood, and the degree of osteolysis. It
      was established that the 10-year and higher survival was observed in relatively
      young people without signs of renal insufficiency, who responded well to the
      cytostatic treatment. In 8 out of the 9 survivors, a long-term remission was
      attained by combining sarcolysine and prednisolone. The median survival rate for
      the entire group amounted to 25 months, that for the "long-lived" survivors to
      133 months. In the authors' opinion, an unusually high survival rate among MM
      patients cannot be only attributed to successful cytostatic therapy. Among the
      247 MM patients, 60% responded to the treatment fairly well. However, only 3.5%
      of the patients survived over 10 years. The prognosis of MM is likely to be
      determined by some individual features of the tumor and by the patients'
      antitumor defence mechanisms.

PMID- 4049261
TI  - [A visceral form of Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome].
AB  - A case of a visceral pattern (with primary liver injury) of the Rendu-Osler-Weber
      disease is described with emphasis on the diagnostic difficulties due to the
      absence of external symptoms of disease and hemorrhage. Stress is laid on the
      importance of making liver biopsy in the diagnosis of this pattern of
      teleangioectatic disease. It is assumed that microcirculatory disorders in the
      liver provoked by the development of teleangioectasia are essential factors in
      the formation of liver cirrhosis in visceral pattern of the Rendu-Osler-Weber
      disease.

PMID- 4049262
TI  - [DNA repair system in nonspecific lung diseases].
AB  - It has been found that in 35-40% of patients with acute and chronic pneumonia,
      the reduced ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes for DNA repair is encountered
      14 times as frequently as in normal subjects. After discontinuation of
      antibacterial therapy with penicillin or tetracycline antibiotics marked
      inhibition of the ability of lymphocytes for DNA repair is recorded. The tendency
      toward normalization of this characteristic occurs 1 week after discontinuation
      of antibiotic therapy for acute and 3 weeks for chronic pneumonia. The disorders
      of the ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes for DNA repair in the conditions
      under study are regarded as a possible cause of secondary immunodeficiency.

PMID- 4049263
TI  - [DNA repair capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy donors].

PMID- 4049264
TI  - [Plasma fibronectin level in patients with depression of hematopoiesis].
AB  - Plasma fibronectin is regarded to play an important part in a decrease of the
      resistance to infections. To specify the role of fibronectin in the pathogenesis
      of infectious complications in patients with depressions of hemopoiesis, the
      content of this opsonin was measured by ELISA in 113 patients with different
      patterns of hemoblastoses, lymphoproliferative diseases and with an aplastic
      syndrome. In 42 patients, the concentration of opsonin was measured in the
      presence of the superimposed infection of varying gravity. The fibronectin
      content was examined in 39 patients before, during and after completion of the
      cytostatic polychemotherapy. It turned out that in patients with paraproteinemic
      hemoblastoses, lymphogranulomatosis, aplastic anemia, chronic lympholeukemia,
      acute lympho- and myelo(mono)blastic leukemias, cyclic neutropenia, chronic
      myelosis and hematosarcomas, the concentration of fibronectin remained normal in
      the absence of infections. The computation of the linear correlation ratio did
      not reveal any association between the opsonin level and the concentration of
      neoplastic elements in the peripheral blood. Repeated measurements of the
      fibronectin level in patients whose underlying disease ran its course in
      association with marked neoplastic fever failed to detect any deficiency of the
      glycoprotein. The lowering of the fibronectin level was recorded in patients with
      a grave concomitant infection of the type of sepsis, necrotic enteropathy and
      lobar pneumonia. The degree of opsonin deficiency correlated with the patients'
      disease gravity. Prolonged reduction in the blood fibronectin level was of
      unfavourable prognostic importance. Cytostatic polychemotherapy, myelotoxic
      agranulocytosis as well as infectious complications of low gravity did not
      influence the concentration of fibronectin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4049265
TI  - [Basophilic leukemia].

PMID- 4049266
TI  - [Acquired immunodeficiency and the "one donor-one patient" principle].

PMID- 4049267
TI  - [Effect of stromal cells of the bone marrow on hematopoiesis in culture].
AB  - The authors studied the effect of medullary fibroblasts on granulomonocytopoiesis
      in a semi-solid agar gel. Seventy-three untreated patients with the blood system
      diseases and 18 hematologically healthy subjects were entered into the study. The
      medium conditioned with fibroblasts and fibroblasts themselves are capable of
      stimulating granulomonocytopoiesis. In addition, fibroblasts can exert an
      inhibitory effect on granulomonocytopoiesis, with the degree of this effect being
      dependent on the agar layer thickness. Patients with chronic lympholeukemia and
      acute lymphoblastic leukemia showed a decrease in the stimulating activity of
      fibroblasts, whereas in patients with chronic myeloleukemia, that activity was
      elevated. In patients with neutropenic conditions, the stimulating activity of
      fibroblasts depended on a factor that produced neutropenia. The role of the
      alterations in question in the pathogenesis of the blood system diseases and
      other possible influences of fibroblasts on myelopoiesis are discussed.

PMID- 4049268
TI  - [Secondary erythrocytoses].
AB  - The author provides data pertinent to the modern classification of
      erythrocytosis, which rests on the pathogenetic principle. The difference in the
      pathogenesis of erythremia and secondary erythrocytoses was proved with the help
      of an erythroid culture and by examination of erythropoietins, which can be thus
      used for diagnostic purposes. Analysis of so-called "pure" erythrocytosis has
      shown that this term implies different patterns of erythrocytosis from the
      standpoint of the pathogenesis: erythremia, secondary erythrocytoses that are
      difficult to diagnose, and hereditary erythrocytosis associated with
      erythropoietin hyperproduction. There is no evidence for the existence of the
      "pure" erythroid leukemia and thus the author doubts this disease entity.
      Analysing the different patterns of secondary absolute erythrocytosis the author
      discusses specific problems of their pathogenesis. Attention is paid to
      erythrocytosis of a tobacco smoker, to the role of obesity and concomitant action
      of some factors on the development of hypoxic erythrocytosis. The data are
      presented on the new types of erythrocytosis, on the post-transplantation one, in
      particular, which occurs after kidney transplantation, and finally on
      erythrocytosis that develops occasionally in patients on hemodialysis. Attention
      is paid as well to relative erythrocytoses, risk factor in the development of
      thrombotic complications. The problems of etiologically and pathogenetically
      valid therapy of secondary erythrocytoses are reviewed.

PMID- 4049269
TI  - [Aplastic anemia after acute viral hepatitis].
AB  - The authors describe 4 patients with grave aplastic anemia that developed after
      acute virus hepatitis. In two cases aplasia occurred at the icteric period of
      hepatitis, in one during convalescence, and in one 5 months after the recovery
      from hepatitis. The counter electrophoresis technique failed to reveal the
      Australian antigen in all the 4 cases. Ninety per cent of patients out of over
      200 reported cases of aplastic anemia that developed after acute virus hepatitis
      died. Of the 4 cases followed up by the authors, 3 patients died. One of the
      female patients was subjected to splenectomy 3 weeks after the occurrence of
      grave aplasia with fatty bone marrow with a purpose of immunodepression.
      Splenectomy entailed a considerable decrease in hemorrhagic diathesis. Later on
      the patient was treated with caprine antilymphocytic globulin. At present the
      patient is in a state of remission. The problems of the pathogenesis of aplastic
      anemia following acute virus hepatitis and potentialities of the disease
      treatment are under discussion.

PMID- 4049270
TI  - [Possibility of complete recovery in multiple myeloma].
AB  - In three patients with multiple myeloma, stage IIIA, a complete remission lasting
      from 6 to 8 years was attained, in spite of the fact that not all of them
      received treatment. In the latter case the remission lasted from 5 to 6 years.
      One of the patients had diffuse Gk + BIk myeloma, one presented with multiple
      focal one with protein BIk production, and one patient had multiple focal myeloma
      with spinal cord compression and complete lower paraplegia without verified
      secretion of monoclonal immunoglobulin. The times of therapy until the attainment
      of a complete remission were 3,5 and 13 years, whereas the total survival
      amounted to 9, 5 and 20 years since the appearance of the first disease symptoms.
      Sarcolysine was employed as the basic cytostatic agent in all the cases. Annual
      control examinations of the patients in a state of remission have not revealed
      any signs of myeloma. One patient is manifesting osteolytic deficiencies, however
      biopsy withdrawn from the focus of osteolysis have not shown any tumor.
      Immunochemical assay of serum and urine has failed to detect paraprotein, blood
      immunoglobulins have been discovered to be within normal. The author analyses 4
      similar cases reported in literature. It is assumed that it would be premature to
      regard the patients described above as completely recovered from the biological
      standpoint and that it would be more wise to consider such cases as prolonged and
      fairly profound remissions.

PMID- 4049271
TI  - [Mechanisms of compensation of disorders of acid-base status of the blood in
      patients with chronic anemia].
AB  - Altogether 228 patients with hereditary microspherocytic anemia (HMA), autoimmune
      hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and hypoplastic anemia (HA) were examined over time for
      the acid-base state of the arterial blood with the use of the pCO2-buffer bases
      coordinate system (BE/pCO2 and pCO2/BE diagrams). Prior to surgery the
      respiratory alkalosis was diagnosed in 60% of HMA patients (of these, 41.7% of
      patients had a decompensated alkalosis), in 61.7% of AIHA patients (73%), and in
      69.7% of HA patients (82.1%). It is shown that the development in the patients of
      chronic respiratory alkalosis should be regarded as a compensatory mechanisms
      associated with hemic hypoxia complicated by arterial hypoxemia. During
      splenectomy, there was an increase in the incidence of decompensated respiratory
      alkalosis. Mixed respiratory and metabolic alkalosis occurred in 8.3% of AIHA
      patients and in 19.6% of HA patients because of artificial ventilation of the
      lungs. Two hours after operation compensated metabolic acytosis was identified in
      72% of HMA patients, in 33.3% of AIHA patients, and in 33.9% of HA patients.
      Twenty-four hours following operation the patients of all the groups had arterial
      hypoxemia and hypocapnia. In view of this fact the blood acid-base state was
      determined by the presence of respiratory alkalosis: in 47.5% of patients with
      HMA, in 60% of patients with AIHA, and in 54% of patients with HA. Analysis of
      the BE/pCO2 diagram demonstrated that in 2/3 of the patients with HMA and AIHA
      and in all the patients with HA, respiratory alkalosis was decompensated. It was
      established that electrolyte imbalance detected in the patients interfered with
      metabolic compensation for chronic respiratory alkalosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4049272
TI  - [Eosinophilias of various types].

PMID- 4049273
TI  - Two massive congenital intracranial immature teratomas with neck extension.
AB  - In this report we detail two congenital intracranial immature teratomas,
      noteworthy for their massive intracranial growth and extension through the skull
      with compromise of neck structures. Cytogenetic studies were done in both cases
      on the fetuses and their tumors and are the first in the literature. Few
      previously reported congenital intracranial teratomas have been described with
      neck extension. In both cases, polyhydramnios was detected by prenatal
      ultrasonography and was possibly caused by the laryngoesophageal and/or brainstem
      distortion by neoplasm. Possible reasons for such excessive, unchecked growth of
      teratomas in the fetal period are discussed.

PMID- 4049274
TI  - Hirschsprung disease in a large birth cohort.
AB  - The incidence of Hirschsprung disease was studied in a series of almost 700,000
      consecutive livebirths in British Columbia from 1964-1982, by means of the
      records of a health surveillance registry that uses multiple sources of
      ascertainment. The estimated liveborn incidence rate for Hirschsprung disease was
      1 in 4,417 livebirths (156 cases out of 689,118 livebirths). Data pertaining to
      sex ratio, additional anomalies, recurrence, and mortality were also analyzed
      over the caseload period 1952 to 1983. A total of 29.8% of cases had some
      additional anomaly--the majority being nonregional anomalies in other systems or
      more distantly in the gastrointestinal tract. Cardiovascular and gastrointestinal
      anomalies not a direct consequence of Hirschsprung disease were the most frequent
      additional anomalies found, occurring in 10 and 12 of 178 cases, respectively.
      Sensorineural anomalies were also frequent, occurring in 12 of 178 cases.
      Clinical implications arising from the study regarding the neonatal assessment of
      infants with these anomalies are discussed.

PMID- 4049275
TI  - Evaluation of bendectin embryotoxicity in nonhuman primates: I. Ventricular
      septal defects in prenatal macaques and baboon.
AB  - Cynomolgus monkeys, rhesus monkeys and baboons were administered 10 to 40 times
      the human dose equivalent of Bendectin throughout the major period of
      organogenesis (22(+/-3)-50 days of gestation). In animals examined prenatally
      (100 +/- 2 days gestation) the total incidence of ventricular septal defects
      (VSD) was 40% in cynomolgus monkeys, 18% in rhesus monkeys, and 23% in baboons.
      The majority of VSD involved the muscular portion of the septum. No dose response
      was evident and there were no other cardiac or extracardiac defects found except
      for one baboon fetus with multiple defects. No defects were observed in
      cynomolgus monkeys administered Bendectin for 4-day periods between 22 and 41
      days of gestation. There was no association of Bendectin treatment with any
      noncardiac defect. In cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys examined at term there was
      one mitral valve defect and no incidence of VSD. The increased incidence of VSD
      observed prenatally in all three species and the absence of defects in macaques
      at term suggests a delay in closure of the ventricular septum in treated animals.
      The Bendectin-treated monkey may be a suitable model for the study of the
      pathogenesis of VSD and the mechanism of spontaneous closure of the defect.

PMID- 4049276
TI  - Evaluation of bendectin embryotoxicity in nonhuman primates: II. Double-blind
      study in term cynomolgus monkeys.
AB  - The embryotoxic and teratogenic potential of Bendectin was assessed in this
      double-blind study in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Bendectin was
      administered orally at doses approximately two, five, and 20 times the human dose
      equivalent from 22 +/- 2 through 50 days of gestation. Fetuses were delivered by
      cesarean section near term and examined for malformations. There was no maternal
      toxicity as evidenced by maternal weights and physical signs. There was no
      correlation between dosage and the number of prenatal deaths. No significant
      abnormalities related to treatment were observed in postdelivery physical
      examinations, placental evaluations, external and internal gross examinations, or
      from radiographs of the neonates. Under the conditions of this study the
      treatment of pregnant cynomolgus monkeys with Bendectin produced no evidence of
      teratogenicity or embryo-, or fetal-, or maternal toxicity.

PMID- 4049277
TI  - Early biochemical detection of adverse effects of a neurobehavioral teratogen:
      influence of prenatal methylmercury exposure on ornithine decarboxylase in brain
      and other tissues of fetal and neonatal rat.
AB  - Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), an enzymatic regulator of macromolecule synthesis,
      has proven useful as a biochemical marker for teratologic events. Daily
      administration of methylmercury (0.5 or 1 mg/kg s.c.) to pregnant rats during the
      second and third trimesters had a profound effect on ODC in whole fetus that was
      detectable as early as 13 days of gestation. Levels of enzyme activity in fetal
      brain also showed a marked increase centered about gestational day 17 as well as
      a significant elevation during early postnatal life; in the latter case, the
      cerebellum appeared to be a major target for methylmercury-induced aberrations.
      These effects were accompanied by little or no alteration in general growth rate,
      brain weights, or weights of other tissues (liver, heart, lung). Furthermore, no
      other tissue displayed such dramatic effects on ODC activity. Lowering the dose
      of methylmercury by an order of magnitude (0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg), levels which are
      associated with almost purely neurobehavioral effects of the teratogen, still
      resulted in clear-cut elevations of both whole fetus ODC and fetal and neonatal
      brain ODC. These results indicate that a sensitive biochemical detection
      procedure used in the fetus/neonate can successfully predict the subsequent
      tissue-specific damage to neurotransmitter systems and behavior resulting from
      methylmercury.

PMID- 4049278
TI  - The effect of prenatal procarbazine treatment on brain development in the rat.
AB  - Groups of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally with procarbazine, an
      antineoplastic drug, at dose levels of 0, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 mg/kg/day
      from days 12 through 15 of gestation. Following normal delivery, offspring were
      raised until day 21 and sacrificed, and their brains removed and weighed. A dose
      dependent micrencephaly, characterized by hypoplasia of the cerebral hemispheres,
      was seen starting at 2.5 mg/kg/day. In a second study, groups of pregnant female
      rats were given a single dose of 10 mg/kg procarbazine on gestation day 12, 13,
      14, or 15. Micrencephaly occurred in 21-day-old offspring from all groups, with
      the greatest effect induced on days 13, 14 and 15. Analysis of brain region
      weights revealed a maximum reduction in neocortex weight in offspring from groups
      treated on days 13 and 14. The hippocampus, cerebellum, and diencephalon-midbrain
      were also reduced in size, depending on the day of treatment, while the corpus
      striatum and pons-medulla were spared. In a final study, embryos from females
      treated on gestation days 12 through 15 were removed, fixed, and sectioned at 24
      hour intervals starting on gestation days 13. Necrosis and cellular degeneration
      were observed with decreasing severity in the telencephalon, diencephalon,
      mesencephalon, and medulla. The neocortex of 20-day treated fetuses was
      characterized by a thickening of the ventricular zone and reduced cellularity of
      the cortical plate.

PMID- 4049279
TI  - Developmental and cytogenetic effects of caffeine on mouse blastocysts, alone or
      in combination with benzo(a)pyrene.
AB  - Mouse blastocysts were treated with caffeine and/or benzo(a)pyrene (BP), and the
      effects on development and on induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were
      examined. Caffeine interfered with blastocyst development in a dose-related
      manner. At 4 mM, the highest concentration tested, caffeine interfered with
      development of blastocysts to all four endpoints: hatching, trophoblast
      outgrowth, inner cell mass (ICM) growth, and two-layer (primary endoderm and
      ectoderm) differentiation of ICMs. At 2 mM, caffeine reduced the incidence of
      both ICM growth and differentiation but did not affect hatching or formation of
      trophoblast outgrowths. At 1 mM, caffeine interfered only with ICM
      differentiation. Cell proliferation was least sensitive to caffeine and was
      reduced at concentrations of greater than or equal to 2 mM. Induction of SCEs was
      most sensitive to caffeine exposure; an increase in SCE frequency was observed at
      0.1 and 0.5 mM. When caffeine was added to cultures with BP (1 microM, a
      concentration that was not embryotoxic and did not induce SCEs), both embryotoxic
      effects and SCE frequency were increased. The enhancing effect on SCE induction
      was particularly marked; as little as 0.1 mM caffeine was sufficient to cause
      doubling of induced SCE frequencies when added to cultures with BP.

PMID- 4049280
TI  - Gonadal dysgenesis induced by prenatal exposure to ethinyl estradiol in mice.
AB  - Daily oral administration of ethinyl estradiol (0.02, 0.2, or 2.0 mg/kg of body
      weight) to pregnant Jc1:ICR mice resulted in ovotestis and intra-abdominal testis
      with persistent Mullerian duct and Wolffian duct in male fetuses and ovarian
      hypoplasia in female fetuses when it was given from day 11 through day 17 of
      gestation (before gonadal differentiation in the fetus). The ovotestis consisted
      of testicular and ovarian portions. In the testicular portion, a few solid
      seminiferous tubules containing spermatogonia, some with pachytene nuclei with
      Sertoli cells and compact interstitial tissue including Leydig cells, were seen.
      In the ovarian portion, pachytene nuclei were seen. The intra-abdominal testis
      was smaller and contained more spermatogonia per tubule in cross section than the
      control testis. These findings suggest that in male fetuses ethinyl estradiol
      affects Sertoli cell differentiation resulting in suppression of Mullerian
      inhibiting factor. On the other hand, in the ovarian hypoplasia, the primordial
      follicles and follicular cells in a primordial follicle were significantly
      decreased in number, and the number of the degenerated primordial follicles was
      significantly increased. It seems likely that ethinyl estradiol affects the
      intimate contact between follicular cells and oocytes to cause degeneration of
      primordial follicles.

PMID- 4049281
TI  - The effects of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on fusion of the cranial neural folds in the
      mouse embryo.
AB  - The effects of 500 and 300 mg/kg bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) on the process of
      fusion of the neural folds were tested after injection into pregnant mice on day
      8 of gestation (192 hours postcoitum). Various doses of the natural nucleoside,
      thymidine (TdR), were also tested. Both doses of BUdR retarded growth to the same
      extent, but only the larger dose caused neural tube defects in 28.8% of embryos.
      Treatment with the larger dose also caused extensive cell necrosis to appear in
      the neuroepithelium of the neural folds between 12 and 15 hours after treatment.
      No changes were detectable with the light microscope up to this time. Measurement
      of the cell generation time in treated and control embryos indicated that the
      BUdR prolonged the cycle by about 2 hours and that the dying cells were in the
      second DNA synthetic phase following incorporation of the analog. Treatment with
      the smaller dose of BUdR caused minimal cell necrosis. This was taken as evidence
      for the importance of cell necrosis in the pathogenesis of BUdR-induced neural
      tube defects. Treatment with excess TdR did not cause either neural tube defects
      or cell necrosis, and a dose of TdR equimolar with the large dose of BUdR (400
      mg/kg TdR) did not retard growth. Doses of 800 and 1,200 mg/kg TdR retarded
      growth to the same extent as BUdR. The administration of an equimolar amount of
      TdR, along with the teratogenic dose of BUdR, prevented the occurrence of cell
      necrosis and neural tube defects. When treatments were given on day 9 of
      gestation, 500 mg/kg BUdR caused cell necrosis in the neuroepithelium about 15
      hours after treatment but no neural tube defects were produced by day 9 after
      treatment. It is suggested that in this case cell necrosis occurred too late to
      interfere with neural fold fusion. It was concluded that the ability of BUdR to
      cause exencephaly in mouse embryos was due to cell necrosis in the
      neuroepithelium.

PMID- 4049282
TI  - Morphological and biochemical aspects of monofunctional phosphoramide mustard
      teratogenicity in rat embryos cultured in vitro.
AB  - Day 10 rat embryos were exposed in vitro to a monofunctional analog of
      phosphoramide mustard (MPM) at concentrations of 25 to 200 micrograms/ml (144 to
      1,156 X 10(-6) M). After a 24-hour exposure, embryos exhibited a dose-dependent
      decrease in growth parameters (crown-rump length, number of somites, and protein
      content) as well as incidence of malformations. Abnormal embryos were
      characterized by hypoplasia of the prosencephalon as well as hypoplasia of the
      mandibular arches, tail, and limb buds. Histological analysis revealed abnormal
      levels of necrotic cells, particularly in the neuroepithelium and surrounding
      mesenchyme. In all respects embryos exposed to MPM could not be distinguished
      from embryos exposed to phosphoramide mustard. We also determined using mouse
      L1210 cells that at the maximum nonlethal concentration used in our embryo
      exposure experiments, MPM did not cause DNA cross-linking but did cause single
      strand DNA breaks. Phosphoramide mustard, at concentrations teratogenic to
      embryos in vitro, did produce DNA cross-linking. Taken together, our results
      indicate that although cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced DNA cross-linking may play a
      role in CP teratogenesis, DNA cross-linking is not an absolute requirement.

PMID- 4049283
TI  - The embryotoxicity of gossypol.
AB  - In utero development was analyzed in pregnancies that resulted from matings
      between gossypol-treated male rats and untreated female rats and in pregnancies
      in which gossypol was administered to the pregnant rat only. Gossypol treatment
      of males had no effect on the outcome of pregnancy. There was no significant
      effect on resorption, fetal growth, or malformation rate. Similarly, gossypol
      administered to pregnant dams at stages during organogenesis had no observable
      effect on pregnancy. Under the conditions of this experiment, gossypol
      administered to either the breeding male rat or the pregnant female rat had no
      demonstrable adverse effect on development in utero.

PMID- 4049284
TI  - Effects of acute exposures to elevated temperatures on rat embryo growth and
      development in vitro.
AB  - Day 10 rat embryos (8-12 somites) cultured in vitro were exposed to elevated
      temperatures (41-43 degrees C) for varying lengths of time. A 15-minute exposure
      to a temperature of 43 degrees C (109.4 degrees F) was sufficient to produce
      malformed embryos when observed on day 11. Longer exposures at this temperature
      produce higher incidences of malformed embryos and also more severely affected
      embryos. Temperatures of 42 degrees C (107.6 degrees F) or 41 degrees C (105.8
      degrees F) also produced malformed embryos, but the required length of exposure
      was increased compared to 43 degrees C. The minimal length of exposure at 42
      degrees C was 60 minutes, while at 41 degrees C it was increased to 4 hours. The
      central nervous system was particularly sensitive to increased temperatures, and
      embryos exposed to "teratogenic doses" of hyperthermia exhibited primarily
      microcephaly and microphthalmia. In addition, histological analyses revealed that
      at 4.5 hours after a 30-minute exposure to 43 degrees C, necrotic debris was
      prevalent in the neuroepithelium, less prevalent in the surrounding mesenchyme
      and surface ectoderm, and absent in the tissues of the heart.

PMID- 4049285
TI  - The effects of L- and D-carnitine administration on cardiovascular development of
      the chick embryo.
AB  - A single 1.0-ml volume of L- or D-carnitine solution, at several selected mmole
      concentrations, was applied to the extraembryonic membranes of 3- and 4-day chick
      embryos in ovo. Hamburger-Hamilton stages of chick development ranged from 17 to
      23. During the 17-18th days of incubation, embryos were dissected, and both
      survival and intracardiac anomaly rates were determined. Only at extremely high
      doses, both stereoisomers of carnitine exhibited a statistically significant
      toxigenic effect (p less than 0.001) as measured by a sharp decrease in survival
      rate when compared to chick Ringer's saline controls. Furthermore, since the
      anomaly rates became significant only near the LD50's, this indicated that
      intracardiac anomalies were induced only at toxic doses. Therefore, it is
      suggested that cardiovascular teratogenicity may be the result of toxicity. Below
      the LD50, anomaly rates were not significantly different from those of control
      embryos. In comparison, L- and D-carnitine were significantly different from one
      another (p less than 0.001) both in survival rate and percent affected embryos at
      a dose of 0.5 mmole. In summary, exogenous carnitine administration to the chick
      embryo does not appear to be deleterious to the developing cardiovascular system.

PMID- 4049286
TI  - Characteristics of growth and palatal shelf development in ICR mice after
      exposure to methylmercury.
AB  - A single dose of 25 mg/kg methylmercuric chloride (MeHg) was given orally to
      gravid ICR mice. Cleft palate was induced in 100% of the offspring, with the
      critical treatment period ranging from day 10/8 hours (10/8) to 12/16 of
      gestation. Dose-dependent body weight reduction was observed in day 18 fetuses
      from both the day 10/8 and 12/16 groups. However, fetal weight reduction was
      greater in the day 12/16 group for all the MeHg treatments investigated. The
      relative potency of the induction of cleft palate by MeHg was slightly but
      significantly higher in the fetuses of the day 12/16 group (1.044-1.197-fold in
      95% limits) than in the day 10/8 group. The results showed that when 25 mg/kg of
      MeHg was given to the fetuses in the day 10/8 group, palatal shelf growth was
      delayed at a more primitive stage than in the day 12/16 fetuses. Moreover,
      disharmony of development between the overall fetus and palatal shelf was
      noticed. Furthermore, in the day 12/16 fetuses, a delay of palatal shelf growth
      occurred just prior to shelf elevation. Prior to shelf elevation, coordination
      was probably lost in the development between the fetus and the palatal shelves.
      Normal palatal closure in ICR fetuses occurs about 1 day and 10 hours earlier (P
      less than 0.05) than in the A/J fetuses (Biddle, '80). Normal palatal shelves in
      ICR fetuses moved rapidly, with 3.0 to 5.7 hours (in 95% limits) required for all
      fetuses to achieve elevation, while, in MeHg-treated groups, palatal shelf
      elevation did not occur. The results suggest that the cause of the failure in
      palatal shelf elevation may be understood by examining the disharmonious
      development of the fetus after exposure to MeHg.

PMID- 4049287
TI  - The effect of oxygen concentration on the teratogenicity of salicylate,
      niridazole, cyclophosphamide, and phosphoramide mustard in rat embryos in vitro.
AB  - Comparisons were made of rat embryos cultured at 5% or 20% oxygen in the presence
      of salicylate (SAL), cyclophosphamide (CP), niridazole (NDZ), or phosphoramide
      mustard (PM). Multiple regression analyses were used to compare the effects of
      drug concentration, oxygen concentration, and the product of drug times oxygen
      concentration on malformation incidence, viability, and protein content of
      embryos cultured for 24 hours. Drug concentration significantly affected
      malformation incidence or severity and protein content (P less than 0.001) for
      the four drugs tested. Oxygen concentration significantly affected protein
      content for the four compounds (P less than 0.001) but affected malformation
      incidence only with NDZ. Furthermore, the interaction of oxygen concentration and
      drug concentration significantly affected the malformation incidence in the
      presence of NDZ (P less than 0.001), and protein content (P less than 0.001) and
      viability (P less than 0.001) in the presence of CP. The pattern of significant
      effects of the independent variables (drug concentration, oxygen concentration,
      and drug times oxygen concentration) is consistent with the hypotheses of oxygen
      dependent metabolism (or lack of metabolism) of the drugs in question. NDZ, which
      is thought to be converted to reactive intermediates by an oxygen-inhibited
      nitroreductase, was more toxic at reduced oxygen tension. CP, which is activated
      by an oxygen-dependent P-450 system, was more toxic with increased oxygen
      tension. Significant effects of the independent variables on embryos exposed to
      SAL or PM were consistent with the effects on control embryos, notably, increased
      protein content with increased oxygen.

PMID- 4049288
TI  - Morphology of early fetal deaths and their chromosomal characteristics.
AB  - The morphologic features of a consecutive series of 3,472 singleton spontaneous
      abortions are described. Of the total, 21% consisted of well-formed fetuses (over
      30 mm long), 27.9% had no identifiable fetal tissues, 34.2% consisted of fetal
      membranes only, and the remainder, 16.8%, consisted of a variety of embryonic
      types. The rate of focal malformations among embryos over 10 mm in length and
      among fetuses was 16.4%. The overall rate of chromosome anomalies in the 1,356
      karyotyped specimens was 39.8%. The vast majority, 94%, occurred in embryos less
      than 30 mm, and in specimens whose development had not proceeded beyond
      differentiation of fetal membranes. The rate of chromosome anomalies among
      nonmalformed fetuses (greater than 30 mm) was only 1.7%. However, the presence of
      limited embryonic development was not a good predictor of the presence of a
      chromosome anomaly. Slightly over half (56%) of all specimens less than 30 mm
      long had chromosome anomalies; for individual classes of such specimens the rate
      ranged from 45% to 81%. The morphologic category with the highest rate of
      karyotypic anomalies had an excess of monosomy X abortuses. A gradient of
      developmental level could be associated with the degree of intrauterine mortality
      of each chromosome anomaly; i.e., conceptuses with karyotypes that occur at term
      had a greater degree of embryonic development than karyotypes that are never seen
      among term births. Thus, trisomies 13, 18, and 21 were more often associated with
      fetuses, and less often with tissue fragments than other trisomies. Focal
      malformations were multiple and severe in abortuses with triploidy, trisomies 13
      and 18, and monosomy X and mild in trisomy 21. With the exception of monosomy X
      the malformations were similar to, and not more severe than those reported from,
      term births with the same anomaly. The high rate of intrauterine mortality in
      conceptuses with chromosome anomalies could be ascribed to their failure to
      develop past the embryonic stages. However, the presence of an equally large
      fraction of chromosomally normal abortions with the same degree of rudimentary
      development suggests the existence of early and profound developmental problems
      that are not associated with anomalies of the chromosome complement.

PMID- 4049290
TI  - Comments on the neural crest and parasitic conjoined twins.

PMID- 4049289
TI  - Scalp defects in infants of mothers treated for hyperthyroidism with methimazole
      or carbimazole during pregnancy.

PMID- 4049291
TI  - Decreasing lung cancer deaths among young men in Texas.

PMID- 4049292
TI  - Hospital-medical staff cooperation.

PMID- 4049293
TI  - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome in a patient with prior sarcoidosis: case
      report with monocyte function studies.

PMID- 4049294
TI  - Neuroleptic-induced priapism.

PMID- 4049295
TI  - Renewed health department takes on additional duties established during Sunset
      review.

PMID- 4049296
TI  - [Pathogenesis and elucidation of ovulation disorders].

PMID- 4049297
TI  - [Hyperprolactinemic ovulation disorders].

PMID- 4049298
TI  - [Hyperandrogenism and hirsutism].

PMID- 4049299
TI  - [Histological diagnosis of the endometrium in corpus luteum insufficiency].

PMID- 4049301
TI  - [Significance and therapy of luteal insufficiency].

PMID- 4049302
TI  - [Ovulation disorders and psychological problems].

PMID- 4049300
TI  - [Corpus luteum insufficiency--endocrine reaction].

PMID- 4049303
TI  - [Microsurgery and ovulation disorders].

PMID- 4049304
TI  - [In-vitro fertilization--what does it mean for clinical practice?].

PMID- 4049305
TI  - [Practical aspects of therapy with aminoglycoside antibiotics].

PMID- 4049306
TI  - [Are the so-called cerebroactive drugs really useful?].

PMID- 4049307
TI  - Antithrombin III "Northwick Park": a variant antithrombin with normal affinity
      for heparin but reduced heparin cofactor activity.
AB  - Further studies have been carried out in a previously reported family with
      congenital antithrombin III (AT III) deficiency due to an abnormal variant of AT
      III (AT III Northwick Park). The variant has been identified in five members of
      the family, three of whom had a history of venous thrombosis. Inheritance
      followed an autosomal dominant pattern. The affected family members have reduced
      levels of antithrombin heparin cofactor (41-67%) and progressive antithrombin
      activity (44-62%) but normal levels of immunoreactive AT III (91-162%). Two
      dimensional immunoelectrophoresis (2 DIE) of AT III in the absence of heparin
      revealed an abnormal fast-moving peak in addition to the normal peak but 2 DIE in
      the presence of heparin appeared normal. Further studies confirmed that the
      abnormal AT III binds completely to heparin but has no heparin cofactor or
      progressive antithrombin activity. These results would be consistent with a
      mutation affecting the binding site for thrombin.

PMID- 4049308
TI  - Studies on the effect of platelet inhibitors on platelet adhesion to collagen and
      collagen-induced human platelet activation.
AB  - The effect of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PALP) and trifluoperazine (TFPZ), the
      calmodulin antagonist, on in vitro platelet adhesion to collagen and collagen
      induced platelet activation was studied using platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) or
      washed platelets (WPL). Platelet aggregation and [14C]-5HT release induced by
      "threshold" or low concentrations of collagen (0.6 micrograms/ml) in PRP were
      completely abolished by PALP (24 mM), TFPZ (250 microM) as well as indomethacin
      (10 microM). At higher concentrations of collagen (10-15 micrograms/ml) in PRP
      and WPL, the use of stirred and unstirred platelets treated with collagen enabled
      a distinction to be made between aggregation and adhesion-mediated release
      reaction. Platelet aggregation and the aggregation-mediated release reaction
      induced by these concentrations of collagen in stirred platelets were completely
      abolished by PALP, TFPZ and indomethacin although neither adhesion to collagen
      nor the adhesion-mediated release reaction of unstirred platelets was
      significantly affected by these inhibitors. Interestingly, both adhesion and the
      adhesion-mediated release reaction were abolished by concentrations of PALP 10-40
      fold higher than those required to abolish aggregation. Collagen-induced platelet
      aggregation, but not platelet adhesion, was inhibited in resuspended platelets
      pretreated with PALP and NaBH4 indicating a separation in the membrane sites
      involved in aggregation and adhesion. The results further emphasize the
      distinction between adhesion and aggregation-mediated events with regards to
      collagen with the latter being more susceptible to inhibition by antiplatelet
      agents such as PALP and TFPZ.

PMID- 4049309
TI  - Smooth muscle proliferation in chronically injured canine pulmonary arteries is
      reduced by a potent platelet aggregation inhibitor U-53,059.
AB  - Dirofilaria immitis (DI) infection chronically injures canine pulmonary arteries.
      This injury produces endothelial cell loss, platelet/leukocyte adhesion, and
      smooth muscle proliferation. In the present study we assessed the effect of the
      cyclooxygenase inhibitor, U-53,059, on platelet function, platelet kinetics,
      coagulation, and smooth muscle proliferation in DI infected dogs. Platelet
      aggregation to the combination of arachidonic acid/ADP was significantly
      inhibited by U-53,059. Coagulation and hematologic parameters were not effected
      by either DI infection or U-53,059 treatment. Platelet survival and the number of
      platelet dense granules were reduced in DI infection. Quantification of the
      lesions demonstrated that U-53,059 reduced both severity and density compared to
      non-treated dogs. U-53,059 is a potent and effective inhibitor of platelet
      aggregation which modifies smooth muscle proliferation produced by chronic
      vascular injury.

PMID- 4049310
TI  - Kinetics of In-111-platelets in the baboon: I. Isolation and labelling of a
      viable and representative platelet population.
AB  - A fully representative and viable platelet population was isolated from the blood
      of 15 baboons by a multiwash procedure, and labelled with In-111-oxine. The
      recovery of the total platelet population in the circulation was 85% +/- 9. Mean
      platelet life span was 146 hr +/- 13. Correcting for plasma radioactivity (always
      less than 3.5%) did not significantly affect the estimate of platelet life span
      (145 hr +/- 16) or recovery (85% +/- 12). Platelet survival estimates, repeated
      at different times, were reproducible. In 5 baboons, platelets were also
      harvested by a single step differential centrifugation. The mean life span of a
      representative platelet population was significantly longer than that of
      platelets harvested by a single step. Recovery values of the representative and
      non-representative population were similar. We conclude that it may be important
      to harvest and label a fully representative platelet population for kinetic
      studies. The proposed method is simple and reproducible, and may be applied in
      studies in humans.

PMID- 4049311
TI  - Kinetics of In-111-platelets in the baboon: II. In vitro distribution and sites
      of sequestration.
AB  - The kinetics and sites of sequestration of a fully representative population of
      In-111-platelets were determined in 11 baboons. The in vivo method of
      quantification with computer assisted scintillation camera image analysis was
      validated by sacrificing 5 baboons and measuring and comparing the distribution
      of organ radioactivity. Recovery of platelets in the circulation was 87% +/- 7,
      and their mean survival time was 147 hr +/- 15. The mean splenic platelet pool
      was 16.0 +/- 1.9. At equilibrium 15.8% +/- 2.9 of the In-111-platelets were in
      the hepatic blood pool. Senescent platelets were destroyed in the reticulo
      endothelial system. The major sites of sequestration were: liver (37.6% +/- 6.0),
      and the spleen (23.3% +/- 4.6). The bone marrow sequestrated 14.4% +/- 1.7 of the
      labelled platelets, and 15.5% +/- 4.0 were present in various other tissues. We
      conclude that the in vivo method of In-111-quantification is accurate. Senescent
      platelets are mainly sequestrated in the reticuloendothelial tissue, with the
      liver, spleen and the bone marrow important sites of sequestration.

PMID- 4049312
TI  - Aspirin kinetics and inhibition of platelet thromboxane generation-relevance for
      a solution of the "aspirin dilemma".
AB  - Six healthy male volunteers received aspirin (ASA) in a compressed (320 mg) and
      an enteric-coated (800 mg) formulation as single oral doses ten days apart. Ten
      plasma samples were obtained from each volunteer between 5 and 120 min after
      compressed ASA, and seven between 10 and 240 min after enteric-coated ASA. ASA
      was undetectable (less than 100 ng/ml) in plasma from three subjects receiving
      compressed ASA and two receiving the enteric-coated preparation. Plasma levels
      and kinetic parameters of salicylate were the same in subjects with undetectable
      and detectable ASA plasma levels. More than 98% inhibition of pre-drug serum TXB2
      was noted in all samples collected one and four hours after either ASA
      preparation. TXB2 generation recovered on average by 3.5% at 24 hr with both
      preparations. Thus inhibition of platelet TXB2 generation occurred independently
      of the amount of ASA reaching the peripheral circulation. If this is due to
      inhibition of platelet function in the enterohepatic circulation followed by
      extensive first-pass deacetylation of ASA, vascular PGI2 synthesis could be
      spared. A better knowledge of the kinetic parameters of ASA for each of the
      formulations used in thrombosis prevention trials might help in solving the
      "aspirin dilemma".

PMID- 4049313
TI  - Platelet thromboxane formation and bleeding time is influenced by ethanol
      withdrawal but not by cigarette smoking.
AB  - Platelet count, mean volume, aggregation and associated thromboxane (TXB2)
      formation, circulating platelet aggregates and bleeding time were examined in 19
      noncirrhotic male alcoholic cigarette smokers for four weeks following cessation
      of prolonged heavy drinking, and in 24 nonalcoholic healthy male volunteers (10
      smokers and 14 nonsmokers). The alcoholics showed a 9-fold increase (p less than
      0.001) in ADP-stimulated platelet thromboxane formation one to two weeks after
      ethanol withdrawal. The effect was transient and coincided with a significant (p
      less than 0.01) shortening of skin bleeding time and a slight increase in
      circulating platelet aggregates suggesting proneness to thrombosis. No
      differences were seen between the smoking and nonsmoking healthy volunteers. We
      conclude that the recovery phase after prolonged heavy drinking is characterized
      by a transient increase in platelet reactivity which may lead to increased
      spontaneous formation of circulating platelet aggregates and shortening of
      bleeding time.

PMID- 4049314
TI  - A multicenter study on amidolytic factor X evaluation in oral anticoagulant
      therapy.
AB  - For laboratory control of oral anticoagulation, amidolytic factor X (F X)
      determination may offer an alternative to standardization difficulties of
      prothrombin time (PT). In order to validate this amidolytic assay on a large
      scale, a multicenter study was undertaken in 6 French laboratories using the same
      chromogenic substrate (Stachrom X Stago) and different automated instruments.
      Intra and between laboratory reproducibility of factor X was estimated on fresh
      and lyophilized patients plasmas and was found to be highly satisfactory.
      Standardization of the method did not seem to depend on the chromogenic substrate
      used, as investigated in two different centers. Results of PT and factor X were
      compared in over 500 patients on a long-term stabilized oral anticoagulant
      treatment: there was a strong positive correlation between the 2 tests in each
      center. The therapeutic range for factor X was evaluated from therapeutic PT
      values reported by Duckert and Marbet for the different thromboplastin reagents:
      the estimated mean range was 21 to 32%. Pooling the results of the six different
      centers a concordant information for prothrombin time and factor X amidolytic
      assay was found in 76% of patients and a fully discordant response was present in
      0.6%. The results suggest that amidolytic factor X may be suitable for monitoring
      long-term anticoagulation. However, prospective trials are needed to evaluate its
      usefulness as compared to conventional methods.

PMID- 4049315
TI  - Does dipyridamole have antithrombotic potential?

PMID- 4049316
TI  - LAV antibodies and IgG subclasses in haemophilia.

PMID- 4049317
TI  - Effects of prolonged sitting on the mechanism of hemostasis--the changes of
      FVII:C and the cold activated FVII:C.

PMID- 4049318
TI  - Amino acid sequences of the carboxyl-terminal regions of rat plasma fibrinogen
      gamma A and gamma' chains.
AB  - Amino acid sequence analysis of human fibrinogen gamma' chains have shown that
      the larger size relative to the gamma A chains is due to differences at the COOH
      terminus. As shown by DNA sequencing, these differences as well as those in rat
      fibrinogen gamma' and gamma A chains result from differential processing of the
      primary mRNA transcript. We isolated and sequenced carboxyl-terminal CNBr
      peptides from gamma' and gamma A chains. As predicted by DNA sequencing, the
      gamma A peptide has the carboxyl-terminal sequence Gly-Gly-Ser-Lys Gln-Val-Gly
      Asp-Met-COOH. The gamma' peptide is identical through residue 6 and terminates
      with Ser-Val-Glu-His-Glu-Val-Asp-Val-Glu Tyr-Pro-COOH.

PMID- 4049319
TI  - Quantitative analysis of the composition of mixtures of one-chain and two-chain
      tissue-type plasminogen activator with a spectrophotometric method.
AB  - Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) exists in two active forms, one-chain t
      PA and two-chain t-PA. These two forms differ in their kinetic constants for
      certain substrates. An assay has been devised to determine the composition of
      unknown mixtures of both t-PA forms, using the activity measurement on two
      different substrates. The best results are obtained using plasminogen and less
      than Glu-Pro-Arg-pNA as substrates.

PMID- 4049320
TI  - Glu-plasminogen I and II: their activation by urokinase and streptokinase in the
      presence of fibrin and fibrinogen.
AB  - Two isozymes of a native form of human plasminogen (plg), Glu-plg I and II, were
      isolated. Glu-plg I or II was activated by urokinase (UK) or streptokinase (SK)
      in the presence of fibrinogen or fibrin. The activation of Glu-plg I was enhanced
      more than that of Glu-plg II in the presence of fibrin. Fibrin caused better
      activation of both Glu-plg I and II than fibrinogen. When fibrinolysis or
      fibrinogenolysis was measured, fibrin was degraded faster than fibrinogen after
      the activation of Glu-plg I and II by UK. These results suggest that the
      activation of Glu-plg I was enhanced more than that of Glu-plg II in the presence
      of fibrin or to less extent fibrinogen.

PMID- 4049322
TI  - Studies on the procoagulant activity of human amniotic fluid. I. Stability and
      coagulation factor requirements.
AB  - A fraction of human amniotic fluid possessing procoagulant activity was purified
      35-70 fold by gel filtration on Sepharose 4B. The activity eluted in the void
      volume indicating a particle size in excess of 5 X 10(6) daltons. The amniotic
      fluid factor (AFF) activity is stabilized on storage in the presence of Ca++ ions
      which could not be replaced by Mg++. Addition of phospholipids resulted in
      accelerated loss of activity. Steps taken to remove factor VII did not affect the
      activity, but factor X and V are required.

PMID- 4049321
TI  - A novel platelet-activating protein derived from rat submandibular glands.
AB  - Among the various naturally occurring substances which induce platelet
      aggregation and secretion, considerable attention has been focused recently on
      the phospholipid platelet-activating factor (PAF) derived from a variety of
      mammalian cells. In this report, we describe a platelet-activating protein,
      designated RS-PAP, which was isolated and partially purified from the
      submandibular salivary glands of adult male rats. This material caused a dose
      related in vitro activation of washed, [3H]serotonin-labeled platelets from rats,
      rabbits and humans. The biologic activity of RS-PAP was compared with that of 1-0
      alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (AGEPC), a well-characterized
      representative of the phospholipid platelet-activating factors, and collagen, a
      potent platelet-stimulating protein. The activation of washed rabbit platelets by
      RS-PAP required extracellular calcium for both aggregation and secretion of
      [3H]serotonin, and was not inhibited by indomethacin. Furthermore, RS-PAP was not
      inhibited by pretreatment with phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, iodoacetate,
      hirudin or an acetylhydrolase which specifically degrades the phospholipid AGEPC.
      RS-PAP was completely inactivated by heating at 56 degrees C for 20 minutes, by
      trypsinization and by a phospholipid extraction procedure. Gel filtration on
      Sephacryl S-200 indicated an approximate molecular weight of 22,000 - 25,000
      daltons. Thus RS-PAP appears to be a new platelet-stimulating protein which
      activates a variety of mammalian platelets.

PMID- 4049323
TI  - The fibrinogen-fibrin complex: stoichiometry and negative cooperativity.

PMID- 4049324
TI  - Plasma histidine-rich glycoprotein and plasminogen in patients with liver
      disease.
AB  - Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) has been reported to be a fibrinolysis
      regulating protein due to its capacity to bind to the high affinity lysine
      binding sites of plasminogen. Using immunological methods we have measured the
      concentrations in plasma of HRG and total plasminogen and calculated the amounts
      of plasminogen not bound to HRG (free plasminogen) in 28 patients with moderate
      to severe liver disease. All three parametres showed wide individual variations,
      but with decreasing functional capacity of the liver the individual levels of
      plasminogen were reduced earlier than those of HRG leading to decreased amounts
      of free plasminogen. Simultaneous determinations of HRG and total plasminogen
      combined with a calculation of free plasminogen might yield valuable information
      when evaluating patients for the availability of plasminogen.

PMID- 4049325
TI  - Evidence that changes in fibrinogen quality during acute phase reactions are of
      major importance for the amount of heparin precipitable fraction (HPF).
AB  - The influence of qualitative and quantitative changes in plasma fibrinogen upon
      the amount of heparin precipitable fraction (HPF), obtained during the course of
      acute disease states, were examined. Whereas fibrinogen in plasma includes 3
      species of different molecular weights (HMW, LMW, LMW'), fibrinogen in HPF, from
      normal as well as from "acute phase" plasma, consisted almost exclusively of HMW
      fibrinogen (3% SDS-PAGE). Sub-unit chain electrophoresis (10% PAGE-SDS and two
      dimensional electrophoresis) did not disclose any signs of abnormalities in the
      fibrinogen precipitated in HPF. Studies on patients revealed that the composition
      of plasma fibrinogen changed (increased HMW) during the course of acute
      myocardial infarction and following hip operations, and indicated that the amount
      of HPF was governed by the relative amount of HMW-fibrinogen as well total
      fibrinogen. This assumption was strengthened by quantitating the amount of HPF
      obtained after addition of highly purified HMW and LMW fibrinogen to normal and
      "acute phase" plasma. It is concluded that fibrinogen quality (per cent HMW or
      HMW/LMW ratio) is of major importance for the amount of HPF, thereby explaining
      some of the HPF-variations seen during the course of acute diseases.

PMID- 4049326
TI  - Crosslinking of fibrinogen to immobilized DesAA-fibrin.
AB  - DesAA-fibrin Sepharose was produced by treating fibrinogen-Sepharose with
      batroxobin. DesAA-fibrin Sepharose was mixed with different concentrations of
      fibrinogen and at different ratios, and incubated with preactivated FXIII. After
      2 hours at 37 degrees C, the Sepharose beads were separated by centrifugation and
      non-crosslinked fibrinogen was removed by twice times washing with guanidinium
      chloride, pH 4.1. Under these experimental conditions specific crosslinking of
      fibrinogen to immobilized desAA-fibrin by FXIIIa was found. These results support
      the concept of a specific interaction between fibrinogen and fibrin involving
      polymerization which enables FXIIIa to crosslink fibrin to fibrinogen being in an
      half-staggered overlap position but not in DD-long contact.

PMID- 4049327
TI  - A fully automated method for clot based coagulation panels using an MCA Multistat
      Centrifugal Analyzer.
AB  - Small modifications of the commercially available software of the I.L. Multistat
      Centrifugal Analyzer (MCA) enabled us to evaluate clot based prothrombin times
      (PT), activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT) and thrombin times (TT)
      simultaneously within one run. This imparted a great deal of flexibility to this
      procedure in that batches and/or panels of clot based and other types of
      turbidimetric tests can be performed concurrently in any combination. The PT and
      TT by this turbidimetric procedure correlated very well with those of the
      Fibrometer in normal specimens as well as in a wide variety of coagulation
      defects. The turbidimetric APTT procedure, however, often produced clotting times
      longer than those achieved with the Fibrometer. The discrepancy between the
      Fibrometer and turbidimetric APTT procedures was shown to be the consequence of
      greater sensitivity of the latter to detect low concentrations of heparin,
      elevated fibrinogen split products and mild factor deficiencies. The available
      clot based procedures are suitable for use in detecting specific factor
      deficiencies and the presence of coagulation inhibitors.

PMID- 4049328
TI  - Antihemostatic and antithrombotic effects of XC386.
AB  - XC386 prolonged the tail bleeding time in the conscious mice. This effect was
      dose-dependent and persisted for at least six hours after the oral
      administration. XC386 was effective in preventing ADP-induced acute pulmonary
      thromboembolic death in mice at dose of 100 mg/kg. Aspirin and indomethacin had
      no effect on this model. XC386 also reduced the mortality rate in collagen-
      induced thromboembolic death at the same dose as aspirin and indomethacin (200
      mg/kg). All three drugs caused no significant protection in endotoxin shock.
      XC386 was found to suppress collagen-induced platelet aggregation, but did not
      affect blood coagulation. In conclusion, XC386 was proved to be as effective as
      aspirin and indomethacin in preventing the death of acute pulmonary
      thromboembolism.

PMID- 4049329
TI  - The platelet reactivity of the alpha 2(I)-chain of type I collagen: platelet
      aggregation induced by polymers of the molecule [alpha 2(I)]3.
AB  - Polymers of the collagenous species alpha 2(I) trimer, a molecule of which
      contains three alpha 2(I) chains derived from type I collagen, have been shown to
      induce the aggregation of platelets when tested at a temperature low enough to
      avoid loss of the tertiary structure of the molecule. Under these conditions, the
      alpha 2(I) chain appears to possess greater platelet reactivity than the
      corresponding type I collagen-derived alpha 1(I) chain. In contrast to previous
      reports of its lack of reactivity, our results indicate that the alpha 2(I) chain
      must contribute importantly to the overall platelet reactivity of collagen type I
      in vivo. Our findings furthermore support the concept that any collagen-like
      structure may be expected to interact with platelets provided due regard is given
      to tertiary and quaternary structural requirements.

PMID- 4049330
TI  - Heparin-induced platelet aggregation is inhibited by antagonists of the
      thromboxane pathway.

PMID- 4049331
TI  - [Monoclonal antibodies. A new tool in the diagnosis of leukemia and lymphoma].

PMID- 4049332
TI  - [Hereditary hemochromatosis. 3 families with high occurrence of diseases in a
      coastal county].

PMID- 4049333
TI  - [Shih syndrome. A biochemical deviation in ornithine metabolism leading to mental
      retardation].

PMID- 4049334
TI  - [Ornithosis. 4 patients with uncommon clinical manifestations].

PMID- 4049335
TI  - [Lymphomatoid granulomatosis].

PMID- 4049336
TI  - [The need for guidance of bereaved persons. A trial at a hospital department].

PMID- 4049337
TI  - [The primary physician and acute poisoning].

PMID- 4049338
TI  - [Acute poisoning in the Vesteralen region 1979-83. Data from the Stormarkne
      Hospital].

PMID- 4049339
TI  - [The primary physician and acute poisoning--treatment and preparedness. A study
      from the Vesteralen region].

PMID- 4049340
TI  - [Prevention of coronary heart disease. New research results].

PMID- 4049341
TI  - [The mucosal defense of the stomach and duodenum].

PMID- 4049342
TI  - [African trypanosomiasis. Report on a patient].

PMID- 4049343
TI  - [Histomorphometry of bone tissue].

PMID- 4049344
TI  - [Teenagers and contraception. Evaluation of the first year at the contraception
      guidance clinic in Sor-Varanger].

PMID- 4049345
TI  - [Sudden unexpected death among young people under the age of 30].

PMID- 4049346
TI  - [Ornithosis. 16 cases in Fet during the winter of 1984].

PMID- 4049347
TI  - [Intramuscular tissue pressure. Treatment of tibial fractures with functional
      orthoses].

PMID- 4049348
TI  - [Multifocal malacoplakia in the urinary tract].

PMID- 4049349
TI  - [Normal fracture healing. Significance of humoral factors and electric
      potentials].

PMID- 4049350
TI  - [Intracranial processes. Localization by computer tomography].

PMID- 4049351
TI  - [Anal fissures. Lateral subcutaneous internal sphincterectomy].

PMID- 4049352
TI  - [Assessment of medical students' experience in practical procedures and skills].

PMID- 4049353
TI  - [Organ donations in Norway 1977-1984].

PMID- 4049354
TI  - [Artificial insemination. An interview with parents and donors].

PMID- 4049355
TI  - [Visually induced muscle stress].

PMID- 4049356
TI  - [Industrial medicine in primary health care. An analysis of the need for
      cooperation between industrial medicine and primary health care].

PMID- 4049357
TI  - [Gerovital H3 and Aslavital].

PMID- 4049358
TI  - [The treatment of podotrochilosis with oral anticoagulants. An instruction insert
      desired].
AB  - The anticoagulant, warfarin, has been reported to be effective as treatment for
      navicular disease in horses. Since other forms of treatment for this disease are
      palliative, this new anticoagulant therapy has become widely employed. Despite
      the fact that initiation of anticoagulant therapy is relatively simple, attending
      veterinary practitioners should be aware that careful monitoring of this therapy
      is required for both safety and efficacy. Navicular disease is an example of
      equine thrombotic disease, and the goal of warfarin therapy is the prevention of
      new thrombus formation, while at the same time preserving haemostasis. This paper
      presents a review of the mechanisms of action of warfarin, its beneficial
      effects, its potential for toxicity in horses, and the interaction of warfarin
      and other drugs. Laboratory monitoring of the therapy and vitamin K-1 treatment
      in case of overdosing are discussed.

PMID- 4049359
TI  - [An undesirable drug interaction in horses? Complications which can occur during
      the administration of coumarin derivatives and phenylbutazone].
AB  - A study of the literature was done because of questions asked in a court of
      justice concerning possible poisoning in a jumper, resulting from administration
      of both phenylbutazone and a coumarin derivative within a particular period. In
      view of the mechanisms of action and the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the
      agents, these forms of combined treatment are also highly inadvisable in horses.

PMID- 4049360
TI  - [The keeping of dogs and cats in Dutch families].

PMID- 4049361
TI  - Microfibrils, elastic anchoring components of the extracellular matrix, are
      associated with fibronectin in the zonule of Zinn and aorta.
AB  - Microfibrils are striated tubules that play a role in the formation of elastin
      fibers by providing a scaffold upon which newly synthesized elastin is deposited.
      Ultrastructural and staining studies also demonstrate microfibrils that terminate
      where elastin is sparse or absent in basal laminae, plasma membranes, and the
      collagenous matrix. The most striking accumulation of microfibrils is found in
      the zonule of Zinn, the transparent and elastic suspensory ligament of the lens,
      which contains no elastin. Application of immunocytochemical staining with a
      peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) procedure demonstrates that fibronectin is
      associated with the microfibrils of the zonule and aorta. Aggregates of
      microfibrils are identical to oxytalan ('acid enduring') fibers that have been
      described in peridontal membranes and other sites subject to mechanical stress
      and they can be found in sites as disparate as the rabbit zonule, rat hepatic
      stroma and human cardiac papillary muscle, indicating that microfibrils are a
      widely distributed connective tissue element with a function that extends beyond
      elastogenesis; their association with fibronectin and localization suggests that
      they serve as an elastic anchoring component of the extracellular matrix.

PMID- 4049362
TI  - Role of alveolar macrophages in endotoxin-induced neutrophilic alveolitis in
      rats.
AB  - Although bacterial endotoxins have potent effects on blood monocytes and tissue
      macrophages, the role of alveolar macrophages in regulating intrapulmonary
      neutrophil traffic following endotoxemia has not been studied previously. We have
      previously reported that a single intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin from
      Escherichia coli serotype 055B5 causes acute lung inflammation by neutrophils
      (PMN) in rats. The factors which influence the migration of PMN in the lung in
      this model are unknown. To determine whether macrophage-derived products could
      play a role in directing migration, we enumerated neutrophils in histologic
      sections and employed electron microscopy to document the location of neutrophils
      in the lung in vivo following endotoxin. We also cultured the alveolar
      macrophages recovered by lung lavage to measure the effect of their culture
      supernatants on neutrophil migration in vitro. In the first 6 hr following
      endotoxin, and also 24 hr later, there was an increase in the number of PMN
      enumerated in the lung parenchyma by light microscopy. Electron microscopy showed
      the location of the neutrophils to be exclusively intravascular at 6 hr. By
      contrast, neutrophils were observed in both interstitial and bronchoalveolar
      spaces at 24 hr, confirming that transvascular migration was active at that time.
      The pulmonary macrophages which were recovered by lung lavage from groups of rats
      sacrificed at 4 and at 15 hr following the administration of endotoxin were
      assayed for the release into culture media of migration-stimulatory activity for
      neutrophils. Macrophages from animals sacrificed 4 hr following endotoxin
      released less migration-stimulating activity into media than macrophages from
      controls. These macrophages could be stimulated to release migration-stimulating
      activity into culture media at levels comparable to macrophages from controls by
      the addition of opsonized Zymosan to the culture media. By contrast, macrophages
      from animals sacrificed 15 hr after endotoxin spontaneously released more
      migration-stimulating activity for neutrophils than did macrophages from
      controls. Thus, in this model, a specific increase in the synthesis or release by
      alveolar macrophages of factors which stimulate the migration of neutrophils in
      vitro coincided with a transition from intravascular to extravascular alveolar
      inflammation by neutrophils in vivo. These observations are consistent with the
      hypothesis that pulmonary alveolar macrophages may contribute to the regulation
      of alveolar inflammation following endotoxemia by releasing factors which
      influence the migration of neutrophils.

PMID- 4049363
TI  - Shape changes and polarization of cells migrating through tissue. A high-voltage
      electron microscope and computer graphics study of serial thick sections.
AB  - Structural changes of carcinoma cells and fibroblasts migrating through small
      spaces in the elastic-collagen reticulum of mouse peritoneum have been studied by
      high-voltage electron microscopy of serial thick sections and by computer
      graphics reconstruction of cell profiles. The change of shape profile of an
      individual cell, between serial sections is large and the distribution of
      organelles is very non-uniform and changes markedly between sections. Conclusions
      about adhesion, intercell contact, cell shape and polarization of cytoplasmic
      organelles could only be reached by assessing a complete set of serial sections.
      Our preliminary results suggest that interesting structural changes occur in both
      carcinoma cells and fibroblasts when migrating through this tissue.

PMID- 4049364
TI  - Affiliation of large numbers of fibroblasts with larval muscle fibers.
AB  - Muscle fibers from fourth and fifth instar caterpillars were examined with
      scanning and thin section electron microscopy. Scanning micrographs showed that
      early fifth instar specimens had a population of cells lying beneath the basal
      lamina over the surface of the muscle fiber and in conjunction with tracheoles
      and nerves. At least two cell types were present. One type could be categorized
      as tracheoblasts of their close association with the tracheoles and the presence
      of taenidia within the tracheoblast cytoplasm in sectioned material. A second
      cell type, characterized by long filamentous processes, contained extensive rough
      endoplasmic reticulum and cisternae swollen with an electron-dense substance
      similar in appearance to the basal lamina. This ultrastructural appearance is
      characteristic of vertebrate fibroblasts and certain types of insect hemocytes.
      Early and late fourth instar specimens had few cells on their muscle fiber
      surfaces. Measurements of the basal lamina thickness were taken from thin
      sections of nondigested muscle fibers of early fourth, late fourth, and early
      fifth instar animals. The results showed that the basal lamina underwent a large
      increase in thickness between the fourth and fifth instars. The proliferation of
      cells which appeared to be in an actively synthesizing state paralleled the
      increase in basal lamina thickness. This suggests the hypothesis that these cells
      are active in connective tissue formation, and contribute to the formation of the
      basal lamina that lies over both them and the muscle fiber.

PMID- 4049365
TI  - Mesenchymal control of branching pattern in the fetal mouse lung.
AB  - The effect of mesenchyme on specialization of respiratory epithelium in the fetal
      mouse was tested in organ cultures. Heterologous combinations were made between
      respiratory and non-respiratory lung epithelia and the corresponding mesenchymes.
      Isolated terminal respiratory buds of fetal mouse lungs were recombined with
      mesenchyme from chick lung parabronchi, mouse trachea or from the avascular, non
      respiratory air sacs of chick lungs. Isolated non-branching chick air sacs were
      combined with mouse terminal bud mesenchyme or mesenchyme from the respiratory
      branches of chick lungs. Air sac epithelia branched in a pattern characteristic
      of the chick lung when combined with chick respiratory mesenchyme and in a
      pattern characteristic of mouse lung when combined with mouse terminal bud
      mesenchyme. Mouse terminal bud epithelia did not branch with either mouse
      tracheal mesenchyme or chick air sac mesenchyme but branched in a chick pattern
      with chick parabronchial mesenchyme. Electron microscopic examination of the
      cultures showed that all chick air sac epithelial cultures failed to produce
      surfactant (lamellar bodies) even when they branched. Control cultures of mouse
      terminal buds contained large numbers of lamellar bodies; mesenchyme which
      suppressed branching reduced the number of lamellar bodies to only a few in a
      small proportion of the cells. Culture medium supplemented with growth factors
      and hormones increased the number of lamellar bodies in heterologous mouse
      combinations but did not bring the number to control levels. Supplemented medium
      had no effect on lamellar body production by chick air sac epithelium. The
      results indicate that branching pattern is determined by the mesenchyme
      surrounding the epithelial primordium. However, the capacity to synthesize
      surfactant is determined by the source of the epithelium; mesenchyme may control
      the degree of expression but not the absolute presence or absence of the
      differentiated condition.

PMID- 4049367
TI  - Relationship between pelviureteral peristaltic frequency and urine flow change
      evoked by autonomic drug administration.
AB  - Parallel recording of renal pelvic pressure, ureteral electromyogram and urine
      volume was carried out in dogs given intravenous injections of noradrenaline,
      isoproterenol or acetylcholine. With noradrenaline, an increase in urine volume
      was observed coincidentally with an elevation of renal pelvic pressure and an
      increase in frequency of ureteral peristalsis. In response to isoproterenol, the
      urine volume diminished in harmony with flattening of pelvic pressure waves and
      the disappearance of ureteral peristalsis. Conversely, ureteral peristalsis
      increased in frequency immediately after the administration of acetylcholine,
      while the urine volume diminished.

PMID- 4049366
TI  - Serum zinc and copper concentrations in low birth weight infants during first
      three months of life: correlation to birth weight and different feedings.
AB  - Serum zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) concentrations were measured in infants weighing
      740 g to 2,500 g at birth. They were divided into three groups depending on their
      birth weight; Group I ranged from 740 to 1,500 g (N = 35), Group II from 1,501 to
      2,000 g (N = 26), and Group III from 2,001 to 2,500 g (N = 19). They were fed
      breast milk (N = 24), commercially available non-supplemented formula with low Zn
      and low Cu content (N = 42), or Zn- and Cu-supplemented formula (N = 14). Serum
      Zn levels of breast fed infants were apparently higher than those of the other
      two different formula fed infants, the difference being significant at 1 month of
      age in Group I. After the decline of serum Zn level during the first month of
      life, the level in Groups II and III remained unchanged, whereas the level in
      Group I further declined progressively until 3 months of age. An incidence of
      hypozincemia (0.65 micrograms/ml) was highest in Group I, medium in Group II, and
      lowest in Group III. The serum Cu level was elevated progressively after birth in
      all groups, but the mean level was consistently highest in Group III, medium in
      Group II and lowest in Group I. No difference in serum Cu level was found among
      the infants with different feedings.

PMID- 4049368
TI  - Changes in the ureteral peristaltic rate and the bolus volume in gradual and
      rapid urinary flow increase.
AB  - The electromyogram and bolus volume of ureteral peristalsis were measured during
      gradual and rapid urinary flow increase, using 16 mongrel dogs. When the urine
      flow was increased rapidly by administration of diuretics, the ureteral
      peristaltic rate always increased first, then the urine bolus volume increased
      and finally the ureter became a urinary column without forming the urine bolus.
      When the urine flow was increased gradually by intravenous drip infusion of
      saline solution, the ureteral peristaltic rate and urine bolus volume did not
      always increase in spite of urinary flow increase. The peristaltic rate and bolus
      volume helped each other for effective urinary transport, as both of them not
      only always increase but also one of them occasionally decreased.

PMID- 4049369
TI  - Treatment of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis with human leukocyte interferon.
AB  - In five patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), human leukocyte
      interferon (IFN) therapy was tried. IFN was administered intramuscularly,
      intravenously, and intrathecally. The total dose of administered IFN ranged from
      13 X 10(6) to 116.92 X 10(6) IU. There were no severe side effects except for
      temporary high fever and vomiting. Observation of the clinical course were made
      for 26-60 months. At the beginning of the treatment, one of the patients was at
      the first stage of Jabbour's classification and the other four at the second
      stage. No clinical improvement was observed and the clinical course was
      progressive in all patients. At present, one of the patients was at the second
      stage and the other four were at the fourth stage. EEGs showed progressive
      deterioration, and cranial CT scan demonstrated progressive cortical atrophy and
      ventricular enlargement. Measles antibody titers in the serum and CSF also
      unchanged. On the other hand, permeability of IFN at blood-brain barrier (BBB)
      was relatively good.

PMID- 4049370
TI  - Electric drill nephroscope for percutaneous nephroureterolithotomy.
AB  - An original electric drill nephroscope was developed for percutaneous
      nephroureterolithotomy (PNL). In 8 cases large pelvic calculi over 1 cm in
      diameter were successfully disintegrated and removed.

PMID- 4049371
TI  - Alteration in glycosidases from well-differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma of
      rat.
AB  - The activities of six glycosidases in a rat colorectal adenocarcinoma were
      measured and compared with those of normal colonic mucosa. The specific
      activities of beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) and beta-glucuronidase (EC
      3.2.1.31) in the adenocarcinoma were similar to those of the corresponding ones
      in the normal mucosa, whereas those of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC
      3.2.1.30), alpha-L-fucosidase (EC 3.2.1.51), alpha-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22)
      and beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) were reduced in the former as compared with
      those in the latter. In the case of alpha-L-fucosidase, two forms were newly
      detected in the tumor. The relative abundance of three forms of beta-N
      acetylglucosaminidase was quite different between the adenocarcinoma and the
      normal mucosa, and the level of the intermediate form in the tumor was markedly
      reduced. However, thermostability and Km values of two forms A and B in the tumor
      were not different from those of the corresponding ones in the normal tissue.

PMID- 4049373
TI  - The functional significance of human notochord in the development of vertebral
      column. An electron microscopic study.
AB  - Twenty-one human embryos or fetuses from four to twenty-one weeks in gestation
      age were submitted to light and electron microscopic observations of the
      notochord and its related structures. The notochord cells were found to have
      densely developed rER and Golgi areas, which were correlated with an activity to
      secrete into their surroundings specific ground substance probably containing
      proteoglycan. The highest differentiation of this cell as estimated by the peak
      secretory activity was reached at about ten weeks, while signs of degeneration
      emerged shortly thereafter and became increasingly apparent with the advancing
      gestation. The synthesis and secretion of matrices were likely to be taken over
      by the fibrocartilage cells surrounding the notochord by about 20 weeks when the
      notochord cells had undergone severe degenerative changes. Another characteristic
      feature of the notochord cells at their fully differentiated stage was abundance
      in intracytoplasmic glycogen that coexisted with striking paucity of
      mitochondria. This was interpreted as suggesting the metabolic dependence of
      these cells upon anaerobic glycolysis even at the peak of their secretory
      performance.

PMID- 4049372
TI  - Angiocardiographic estimation of left and right ventricular volume
      characteristics in normal infants and children.
AB  - Left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volume data were obtained from biplane
      cineangiocardiograms in 31 patients with Kawasaki disease who showed normal
      coronary arteries in selective coronary arteriograms. LV and RV volumes were
      calculated by using Simpson's rule method. Both of end-diastolic (EDV) and stroke
      volume (SV) were excellently expressed as a function of body surface area (BSA)
      with exponential relationship: LVEDV = 104.3 (BSA)1.61 ml (r = 0.93, p less than
      0.001), RVEDV = 109.7 (BSA)1.68 ml (r = 0.90, p less than 0.001), LVSV = 68.1
      (BSA)1.60 ml (r = 0.89, p less than 0.001) and RVSV = 66.8 (BSA)1.76 ml (r =
      0.86, p less than 0.001). LV ejection fraction (LVEF) averaged 66 +/- 1% (mean +/
      S.E.) and RVEF 58 +/- 1%. Both of them showed no significant correlations with
      BSA. The normal values of EDV and SV in infants and children can be predicted
      from their BSA by using the exponential equations demonstrated by the present
      study. Thus, these values in pediatric patients with heart diseases could be
      evaluated in terms of percentage of normal.

PMID- 4049374
TI  - In vivo clastogenicity of lead chromate in mice.
AB  - Cytogenetical effects of lead chromate were evaluated in vivo. When 0.5, 1, 2 and
      4 g/kg body weight of lead chromate suspensions in 0.5% gum arabic were
      administered i.p. to C57BL/6N male mice twice, the frequencies of micronucleated
      polychromatic erythrocytes in the femoral bone marrow were significantly (p less
      than 0.01) different from that in the vehicle control. Moreover, as the dose
      increased, the ratio of the polychromatic to normochromatic erythrocytes
      decreased in a dose-response fashion (p less than 0.05). Thus, it is concluded
      that lead chromate in vivo gives rise to chromosomal damage as well as
      disturbance in hematopoiesis.

PMID- 4049375
TI  - A case of postoperative liver failure successfully treated with plasma exchange.
AB  - A 68 year old female patient suffered from postoperative hepatitis and fell in
      grade III coma with the total bilirubin level of 30 mg/100 ml and prothrombin
      time of 25%. Plasma exchange using hollow fiber plasma separator was performed
      and after 10 procedures during 1 month, the patient did fully recover.

PMID- 4049376
TI  - How to obtain and maintain tax-exempt status.

PMID- 4049377
TI  - Determining and reporting unrelated business income.

PMID- 4049378
TI  - Employee compensation and fringe benefits.

PMID- 4049379
TI  - Incentive compensation and benefits of profit-sharing plans.

PMID- 4049380
TI  - Changing corporate structures--from reorganizations to mergers.

PMID- 4049381
TI  - Exploring the benefits and pitfalls of joint ventures.

PMID- 4049382
TI  - Alternative delivery systems of health care.

PMID- 4049383
TI  - Effects of the 1984 Tax Reform Act on charitable giving.

PMID- 4049384
TI  - The effects of phenobarbital, atropine, L-alpha-methyldopa, and DL-propranolol on
      dieldrin-induced hyperglycemia in the adult rat.
AB  - The hyperglycemic response of adult male Wistar rats given dieldrin (63 mg/kg,
      po) and either phenobarbital (40 mg/kg, ip), atropine (4 mg/kg, sc), L-alpha
      methyldopa (200 mg/kg, ip), or DL-propranolol (8 mg/kg, sc) was studied. The
      hyperglycemia was maximal (73% above control values) 2 hr after exposure to
      dieldrin alone. Phenobarbital reduced the hyperglycemia by 41% and abolished
      dieldrin-induced convulsions. It also prevented the increases that dieldrin
      causes in hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity. These
      results suggest that the dieldrin-induced hyperglycemia is mediated via the CNS.
      Atropine prevented the hyperglycemia for 2 hr and delayed the attainment of
      maximal glucose concentrations for another 2 hr. However, additional atropine 4,
      8, 12, and 18 hr after the dieldrin had no effect. Atropine also increased (125%)
      the time to the onset of dieldrin-induced convulsions. It did not alter hepatic
      PEPCK activity. L-alpha-Methyldopa decreased (24%) the hyperglycemic response in
      the first 2 hr after dieldrin treatment. It caused similar reductions in blood
      glucose when given during the peak hyperglycemic response. L-alpha-Methyldopa
      also reduced (49%) the dieldrin-effected increase in hepatic PEPCK activity. DL
      Propranolol did not alter the effects of dieldrin. Thus these data suggest that
      the dieldrin-induced hyperglycemia is mediated by the CNS, primarily via enhanced
      cholinergic activity and secondarily by increased alpha-adrenergic activity. It
      is suggested that the pancreas responds to the cholinergic outflow by increasing
      the secretion of glucagon while simultaneously responding to the alpha-adrenergic
      outflow by decreasing insulin secretion.

PMID- 4049385
TI  - Epoxide metabolism in the liver of mice treated with clofibrate (ethyl-alpha-(p
      chlorophenoxyisobutyrate)), a peroxisome proliferator.
AB  - An increase in cytosolic epoxide hydrolase (cEH) activity occurs in the livers of
      mice treated with peroxisome proliferating-hypolipidemic-nongenotoxic
      carcinogens. As increases in activity of epoxide metabolizing enzymes may reflect
      the carcinogenic mechanism, a detailed comparison of the response of cEH,
      microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH), and cytosolic glutathione S-transferase
      (cGST) activities using the geometrical isomers trans- and cis-stilbene oxide as
      substrates has been performed in livers from mice treated with clofibrate (ethyl
      alpha-(p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate]. The maximal increase of cEH activity occurred
      at lower dietary doses of clofibrate (0.5%) and within a shorter time (5 days)
      than mEH and cGST (2%, 14 days) activity. After 14 days at 0.5% clofibrate, cEH,
      mEH, and cGST activities were 250, 175, and 165% and 290, 220, and 75% of control
      values in male and female mice, respectively. Withdrawal of clofibrate from the
      diet resulted in a reversion of activities to control values within 7 days.
      Clofibrate treatment shifted the apparent subcellular compartmentation of all
      three enzymatic activities with an increase in the ratio of soluble to
      particulate activity. In particular, the relative specific activity of all three
      enzymes decreased in the light mitochondrial (peroxisomal) cell fraction, and an
      increase of a mEH-like activity (benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-oxide and cis-stilbene oxide
      hydrolysis) in the cytosol occurred. Both the increase of cEH activity and the
      appearance of mEH-like activity in the cytosol are novel responses of epoxide
      metabolizing enzymes, which may be related to the novel cellular responses that
      follow clofibrate treatment, peroxisome proliferation, hypolipidemia, and
      nongenotoxic carcinogenesis.

PMID- 4049386
TI  - Effect of clofibric acid and tiadenol on peroxisomal beta-oxidation and fatty
      acid binding protein in intestinal mucosa of rats.
AB  - Rats were fed a diet containing clofibric acid or tiadenol. The treatment of rats
      with clofibric acid caused an increase in the activity of cyanide-insensitive
      palmitoyl-CoA oxidation and in the concentration of a polypeptide with a
      molecular weight of about 80,000 in the light mitochondrial fraction in
      intestinal mucosa. Treatment of rats with tiadenol increased the activity of
      cyanide-insensitive palmitoyl-CoA oxidation more markedly than with clofibric
      acid. The induced activity in intestinal mucosa was about 1/10th that in liver.
      Treatment of rats with either of the two peroxisome proliferators increased both
      [1-14C]oleic acid binding capacity and the concentration of FABP in intestinal
      mucosa of rats. The treatment of rats with clofibric acid did not seem to alter
      the properties of FABP found in intestinal mucosa.

PMID- 4049387
TI  - Metabolic activation of 2-methylfuran by rat microsomal systems.
AB  - 2-Methylfuran (2-MF), a constituent of cigarette smoke and coffee, causes
      necrosis of liver, lungs, and kidneys in rodents. 2-MF is metabolically activated
      by mixed-function oxidases to acetylacrolein, a reactive metabolite that binds
      covalently to microsomal protein. The hepatic microsomal metabolism of 2-MF to
      reactive metabolite required the presence of NADPH and oxygen and was dependent
      on incubation time and substrate concentration. The microsomal metabolism of 2-MF
      was inducible by pretreatment of rats with phenobarbital and was inhibited by
      piperonyl butoxide and N-octyl imidazole, which indicates that the metabolism of
      2-MF may be mediated by cytochrome P-450. Acetylacrolein was a potent inhibitor
      of mixed-function oxidase and completely inhibited the microsomal metabolism of 2
      MF, indicating that 2-MF is a suicide substrate for the enzyme. The sulfhydryl
      nucleophile cysteine was a better trapping agent of the reactive metabolite of 2
      MF than N-acetylcysteine or glutathione. Lysine decreased the covalent binding of
      2-MF metabolites, presumably by reacting with the aldehyde group of
      acetylacrolein. In addition, in the presence of NADPH, 2-MF was bioactivated by
      both pulmonary and renal cortical microsomes to reactive metabolites that were
      covalently bound to microsomal proteins.

PMID- 4049388
TI  - Influence of dietary carrageenans on microbial biotransformation activities in
      the cecum of rodents and on gastrointestinal immune status in the rat.
AB  - Rats, mice, and hamsters were fed iota-carrageenan incorporated in a fiber-free,
      purified diet for 30 days, and the activities of a number of cecal microbial
      enzymes were determined in vitro. Carrageenan treatment produced cecal
      enlargement in all species, yet significantly decreased the concentration of
      bacteria per gram of cecal content. Azoreductase, beta-glucosidase, beta
      glucuronidase, nitrate reductase, and nitroreductase activities per gram of cecal
      content were significantly decreased in the rat, although less consistent effects
      were found in these enzymes in the mouse and hamster. beta-Glucuronidase and
      nitrate reductase functions were increased per gram of cecal contents in the
      hamster. The total activity per cecum of certain of these enzymes was modified by
      the concomitant cecal enlargement, yet total nitroreductase activity was
      significantly decreased in all three rodent species. iota-Carrageenan
      significantly decreased the concentration of enterobacteria, staphylococci,
      streptococci, lactobacilli, facultative anaerobes, and the total microscopic
      count in the rat cecum, but did not exert any effect on bacterial viability in
      vitro. Although having no effect on biliary IgA antibody concentration, iota- and
      kappa- carrageenan when present at 50 g/kg diet increased the agglutination
      response of the IgA specific for the hindgut microflora.

PMID- 4049389
TI  - Prostaglandins and aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity.
AB  - The role of prostaglandins in the development of aminoglycoside-induced acute
      renal failure was studied in CD-COBS rats (200 to 250 g). The animals were
      treated with gentamicin (80 mg/kg), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 100 or 200 mg/kg),
      or both drugs or saline for 5 or 10 days. Renal function was studied measuring
      creatinine clearance, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum electrolytes, urine
      osmolality, and maximal urinary concentrating capacity after water deprivation
      and vasopressin administration. Gentamicin toxicity on the proximal tubule was
      evaluated by measuring urinary excretion of the lysosomal enzyme N
      acetylglucosaminidase (NAG). Renal prostaglandin (PG) production was evaluated
      measuring the concentration of PGE2, PGD2, PGF2 alpha, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and
      thromboxane B2 (TXB2) in whole renal homogenate after a 15-min incubation at 37
      degrees C using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Gentamicin alone reduced
      the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 20 to 30% after 5 and 10 days of treatment.
      Combination with ASA potentiated the toxic effect of the aminoglycoside after 10
      but not after 5 days of treatment. Similarly, gentamicin reduced the urinary
      concentrating capacity and addition of ASA worsened the effects. Gentamicin
      markedly increased NAG excretion but this effect was reduced by ASA, probably as
      a result of lysosomal stabilization. ASA alone inhibited the production of
      prostaglandins in renal tissue by 70 to 90% after single or multiple doses. The
      animals treated with gentamicin alone presented a significant, specific increase
      in PGE2 production after 10 days of treatment but this increase did not occur
      when the two compounds were given together. Since PGE2 has a vasodilatory effect
      in the kidney these results suggest that it may play a specific role in
      maintaining normal renal blood flow and GFR during the development of
      aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. The inhibition of prostaglandin production by
      nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs prevents this compensatory mechanism and
      worsens the renal damage.

PMID- 4049390
TI  - Behavioral evaluation of the irritating properties of ozone.
AB  - The sensory irritant properties of ozone have been considered to be responsible
      for symptoms that occur in humans after exposure. This assumption has not been
      studied explicitly. One way to assess the aversive properties of airborne
      irritants is to give the exposed individual an opportunity to control the
      duration of exposure, i.e., escape from the irritant. Mice were trained to turn
      off 1000-ppm ammonia, a concentration that, in humans, is irritating to the upper
      airways. Each mouse could terminate irritant delivery for 1 min by inserting its
      nose five times into one of two conical response sensors. Daily exposure was
      limited to a maximum of twenty-five 1-min exposures, every other minute. After
      the determination of ammonia concentration-effect curves, ozone was substituted
      for ammonia. Ozone exposures were alternated every other day with ammonia as a
      control for any changes that might occur as a result of repeated ozone exposure.
      Ozone reliably maintained escape behavior. Additional mice with no history of
      ammonia termination were trained to terminate ozone exposure, indicating that the
      aversive properties of ozone were not dependent on previous experience with other
      airborne irritants. As the concentration of ozone increased from 0.25 to 24 ppm,
      the number of escape responses increased, and the duration of ozone tolerated
      decreased. Ozone concentrations of 0.5 ppm or greater were significantly more
      aversive than control.

PMID- 4049391
TI  - Effect of partial jejunectomy and colectomy on the disposition of
      hexachlorobenzene in rats treated or not treated with hexadecane.
AB  - The disposition of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was studied in partially
      jejunectomized (middle section) or colectomized (excision of cecum and proximal
      colon) rats after iv or ip dosage (1.5 to 2.0 mg/kg). Excision of about 50% of
      the jejunum had no effect on body weight, feed intake, volume of urine, weight of
      feces, or urinary and fecal excretion of HCB as demonstrated by a comparison of
      sham-operated and jejunectomized animals. Similarly colectomy did not affect body
      weight, feed intake, volume of urine, or urinary excretion of HCB. However, the
      wet weight of feces was significantly higher and the amount of HCB in feces
      significantly lower in colectomized than in sham-operated rats. Hexadecane
      increased fecal excretion of HCB about two- to threefold without affecting its
      urinary excretion. The effect of jejunectomy and colectomy was similar in
      hexadecane-treated animals to that seen in untreated rats. Concentration of HCB
      in adipose tissue was significantly higher in colectomized rats than in sham
      operated controls. Data represent in vivo evidence that the major site of
      nonbiliary, intestinal excretion of HCB is the large intestine.

PMID- 4049392
TI  - Glutathione plus cytosol- and microsome-mediated binding of 1,2-dichloroethane to
      polynucleotides.
AB  - 1,2-[1,2-14C]Dichloroethane was metabolized by rat hepatic microsomes to products
      that irreversibly bound polynucleotides. The polynucleotides were then
      enzymatically hydrolyzed and the products separated by a high-performance liquid
      chromatograph (HPLC) equipped with an ODS or a SCX column. The products of
      microsome-mediated binding were identified in the HPLC eluate as 1,N6
      ethenoadenosine to polyadenylic acid, 3,N4-ethenocytidine to polycytidylic acid,
      and two cyclic derivatives to polyguanylic acid. 1,2-[1,2-14C]Dichloroethane was
      also metabolized in the presence of a glutathione (GSH)-cytosolic fraction and a
      polynucleotide. After enzymatic hydrolysis of the polynucleotide, the major peak
      of radioactivity was eluted from a Sephadex G-25 column in the salt volume which
      would exclude the presence of a product containing both GSH and a nucleoside.
      Chromatography by ODS-HPLC of the major peak from Sephadex G-25 indicated the
      presence of a GSH metabolite of 1,2-dichloroethane that did not contain a
      nucleoside. A similar hydrophilic peak was obtained for the hydrolysis products
      of polynucleotides from a glutathione plus cytosol incubation in which the
      polynucleotide instead of being added prior to the incubation was added after the
      incubation. The products of the glutathione plus cytosol metabolism of 1,2-[1,2
      14]dichloroethane appear to be glutathione metabolites that coisolated with the
      polynucleotides rather than covalently bound adducts. In conclusion, covalently
      bound adducts were identified for microsome-mediated binding of 1,2-dichlorethane
      to polynucleotides, while no evidence was obtained for glutathione plus cytosol
      mediated covalent binding to polynucleotides.

PMID- 4049393
TI  - Use of dose-response data to compare the skin sensitizing abilities of
      dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate and picryl chloride in two animal species.
AB  - Groups of English smooth-haired guinea pigs and BALB/cBy mice were exposed to
      dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (HMDI) and picryl chloride (PiCl) by
      topical exposure. Guinea pigs were challenged 7 days later by patch testing and
      responses graded at 24 hr. Application of high doses of each chemical resulted in
      extensive erythema and a large proportion of animals became sensitized. Lower
      doses produced less sensitivity. In mice, sensitivity was assessed by extent of
      ear swelling upon challenge 5 days following the sensitization exposure. In mice,
      as well as in guinea pigs, a dose-response relationship was apparent between the
      sensitizing dose and both severity of response and number of animals responding.
      For mice, comparison of the dose of chemical required to sensitize 50% of the
      animals (SD50) yielded 0.40 mg/kg for PiCl and approximately 0.20 mg/kg for HMDI.
      Use of the SD50 should provide a method for assessing the ability of various
      chemicals to cause contact sensitivity.

PMID- 4049394
TI  - Prostaglandin production by rat vaginal tissue, in vitro, in response to ethanol,
      a mild mucosal irritant.
AB  - Toxicological testing of vaginal irritants currently involves in vivo testing in
      rabbits. While chemical-induced irritation or inflammation involves numerous
      biologic responses, these responses appear to be to a large extent mediated by
      prostaglandin release. Since vaginal tissue of the rat produces prostaglandins,
      this tissue was studied in vitro to determine if it would respond to ethanol, a
      mild irritant. Small vaginal segments were rinsed in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate
      buffer (pH 7.0) and exposed to various concentrations of ethanol. The segments
      were then transferred to fresh buffer and incubated for 30 min in a shaking 37
      degrees C water bath. Ethanol (70%) exposure for 30 sec increased prostaglandin
      E2 and F2 alpha production by vaginal tissue. While ethanol exposure resulted in
      increases in prostaglandin production regardless of the stage of the cycle from
      which the tissue was derived, the relative increase was greatest in tissues from
      the diestrous stage of the cycle. The prostaglandin production response of
      vaginal tissue, and of cervical and uterine tissue, was related to the
      concentration of ethanol to which these tissues were exposed. Indomethacin
      blocked this response in a dose-dependent manner. These experiments demonstrate
      that vaginal tissue responds to ethanol by increasing production of PGF2 alpha
      and PGE2. This in vitro system may prove useful as an alternative to live-animal
      testing in the screening of irritants of the vaginal mucosa or other tissues as
      well.

PMID- 4049395
TI  - Cell kinetics in mouse lung following administration of carcinogens and butylated
      hydroxytoluene.
AB  - A series of experiments is described which was designed to test the hypothesis
      that, in mouse lung, enhancement of tumor development could occur independently
      of overall alveolar cell hyperplasia. Male A/J mice were given 1000 mg/kg of
      urethan or 10 mg/kg of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA). Alveolar cells were labeled
      through continuous infusion of [3H]thymidine for 6 weeks after administration of
      the carcinogen. Urethan produced a significant hyperplasia of the type II
      alveolar cell population, whereas MCA had no such effect. Five repeated
      injections of 300 mg/kg of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a procedure known to
      enhance lung tumor development, produced cell hyperplasia only during the first 2
      weeks; later the mice became resistant to the action of BHT. In animals treated
      with piperonyl butoxide prior to BHT, cell proliferation was abolished. BHT still
      had a small but significant enhancing effect on tumor development. However, this
      effect was dwarfed by the observation that piperonyl butoxide alone greatly
      inhibited tumor development. The data do not allow exclusion of alveolar cell
      hyperplasia as a mechanism in BHT-mediated enhancement of mouse lung tumor
      development.

PMID- 4049397
TI  - The effects of lead ion on immune function of rabbit alveolar macrophages:
      quantitation of immune phagocytosis and rosette formation by 51Cr in vitro.
AB  - Experiments by a 51Cr-labeling technique were performed to investigate the
      effects of lead (Pb2+) on immune phagocytosis and Fc-rosette formation of rabbit
      pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs). Evidence is presented that Pb2+ at
      concentrations of 10(-3) and 10(-4)M could inhibit these functions of PAMs. The
      degree of inhibition corresponded to the concentration of this heavy metal ion in
      vitro.

PMID- 4049396
TI  - Organic hydroperoxide-induced lipid peroxidation and cell death in isolated
      hepatocytes.
AB  - Organic hydroperoxides such as tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) are cytotoxic to
      suspensions of isolated hepatocytes. The exact mechanism of toxicity is unknown
      but may involve peroxidation of cellular lipids, alkylation of cellular
      macromolecules, or alterations in cellular calcium homeostasis. These studies
      were designed to examine lipid peroxidation as a mechanism of organic
      hydroperoxide-induced cell death. Hepatocytes isolated from mice were more
      susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of TBHP than were rat hepatocytes. TBHP
      induced cell death was preceded by malondialdehyde formation which was also
      greater in mouse than rat hepatocytes. Species differences in lipid peroxidation
      were due to intrinsic properties of hepatocyte membranes as lipids isolated from
      mouse liver and peroxidized with iron/ascorbate formed approximately eightfold
      more malondialdehyde than lipids isolated from rat liver. Initiation of lipid
      peroxidation in mouse and rat hepatocytes with iron/ascorbate caused the
      formation of malondialdehyde equal to that seen with TBHP and a slight depletion
      of cellular GSH. As with TBHP, malondialdehyde formation induced by
      iron/ascorbate was greater in mouse than in rat hepatocytes. However,
      iron/ascorbate had no effect on hepatocyte viability or morphology from either
      species. Furthermore, TBHP-induced malondialdehyde and ethane formation in
      isolated rat hepatocytes were completely blocked by promethazine whereas cell
      toxicity was altered only slightly. Therefore, these data do not support a role
      for lipid peroxidation in the acute cytotoxicity of TBHP to suspensions of
      isolated rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 4049398
TI  - Influence of Ca and Mg on the uptake and deposition of Pb and Cd in mice.
AB  - The influence of high but not extreme concentrations of Ca and Mg (25 mumol/ml)
      on the apparent absorption and retention of 203Pb and 115mCd from water was
      investigated in mice. Ca reduced the absorption of Pb from an intubated solution
      by 62% and the absorption of Cd by 22%, but these effects were not significant.
      Mg showed no effect on Pb and Cd absorption. The retention of ip-injected Pb and
      Cd was not influenced by addition of Ca or Mg to the drinking water. Feeding of a
      Ca-deprived diet for 2 weeks prior to dosage stimulated the absorption of Pb from
      water by more than 100% (p less than 0.01) and the absorption of Cd from water by
      17% (p less than 0.05). Feeding of a Ca-supplemented diet did not influence the
      absorption of Pb or Cd, but fecal Cd excretion seemed to be reduced. Feeding of
      Mg-deprived or Mg-supplemented diets did not show any effect on Pb and Cd
      metabolism. These results give supporting evidence that in soft water regions the
      uptake of Pb from the drinking water could be increased because of the absence of
      Ca in the drinking water, particularly when dietary Ca intake is low. This
      relationship between drinking water hardness and absorption of Pb could be
      important in view of general public health.

PMID- 4049399
TI  - Toxicity of gestational aluminum exposure to the maternal rabbit and offspring.
AB  - To assess aluminum toxicity to the Al-exposed pregnant female and her developing
      offspring, pregnant rabbits received 20 sc Al lactate injections (0, 25, 100, or
      400 mumol Al/kg/inj) between Days 2 and 27 of gestation. Fifty-eight percent
      perinatal mortality resulted from the highest dose. At 2 days postpartum litters
      were culled to six offspring. Three of the offspring of Al-treated does were
      cross-fostered to a non-Al-treated doe in exchange for three of the non-Al
      treated doe's offspring. Tissue Al concentrations in 0- to 2-day-old offspring
      positively correlated with their does' Al exposure, but were lower than Al
      concentrations in placental tissue or in does 5 weeks postpartum, suggesting that
      the placenta partially protects the fetus from Al. Offspring of 25 mumol group
      does gained body weight faster than controls, whereas 400 mumol group does and
      their offspring gained weight less rapidly than controls. The weight of milk
      consumed by offspring inversely correlated with their does' Al exposure. Learning
      a classically conditioned reflex was facilitated by lower and impaired by higher
      Al exposure in offspring conditioned at 7 and 11 weeks of age. Offspring
      receiving higher Al exposure also showed impaired memory of the learned reflex.
      Aluminum appears to distribute into the developing fetus where it accumulates and
      can produce delayed effects which may be beneficial following lower but
      detrimental following higher exposure concentrations.

PMID- 4049400
TI  - Effects of trimethyltin on homecage behavior of rats.
AB  - Diurnal patterns of feeding, drinking, locomotor activity, and rearing in male
      Fischer-344 rats were examined for 2 weeks after a single oral dose of
      trimethyltin chloride (TMT) at 0, 3, 5, or 7 mg/kg. Body weights and feeding and
      drinking efficiency ratios (ratios of amount of food or water consumed per unit
      effort) were also determined daily. TMT caused a dose- and time-related drop in
      body weight; two of five rats in the 7 mg/kg group were killed moribund on 15
      days after dosing. Feed consumption fell to 25% of control within 5 days after 7
      mg/kg TMT, and to 50% of control for Days 2 and 3 after 5 mg/kg TMT. Water
      consumption doubled within 2 days after 7 mg/kg TMT and remained elevated for 2
      weeks. Feeding efficiency dropped to 40% of control after 7 mg/kg, but drinking
      efficiency was unchanged. The diurnal patterns of drinking and of rearing were
      disrupted at all doses of TMT; a normal peak in rearing activity, occurring
      immediately prior to light onset, was markedly attenuated after all doses on Day
      3, and at 5 and 7 mg/kg on Days 5 and 7 post-TMT. These results suggest (1) that
      the regulation of feed and water intake is severely compromised after a high dose
      of TMT, and (2) that the rat's cyclical patterns of homecage behavior are
      sensitive to TMT doses as low as 3 mg/kg.

PMID- 4049401
TI  - Sensory irritation response to inhaled aldehydes after formaldehyde pretreatment.
AB  - Pretreatment of Fischer-344 (F-344) rats with formaldehyde (HCHO) induces
      significant cross tolerance to the sensory irritation properties of Cl2. The
      purpose of this study was to determine if HCHO pretreatment would cause sensory
      irritation cross tolerance to other inhaled aldehydes. Male F-344 rats, weighing
      190 to 210 g, were pretreated with 15 ppm HCHO, 6 hr/day for 9 days, and
      challenged on the 10th day with a saturated (acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and
      butyraldehyde), unsaturated (acrolein and crotonaldehyde), or cyclic
      (cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde, 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, and benzaldehyde)
      aldehyde. The sensory irritation response in these animals was quantified by
      measuring respiratory rate depression in a head-only inhalation chamber using
      plethysmographic techniques. Control animals were challenged identically without
      prior pretreatment. In naive (nonpretreated) animals, the concentration eliciting
      a 50% decrease in respiratory rate (RD50) was 23 ppm or less for unsaturated
      aliphatic aldehydes. For cyclic and saturated aliphatic aldehydes, the RD50
      ranged from 600 to 1000 ppm and 3000 to 6800 ppm, respectively. Formaldehyde
      pretreatment resulted in cross tolerance only with acetaldehyde (RD50 increased
      3.5-fold) and acrolein (RD50 increased 5-fold). These results indicate that the
      development of cross tolerance following HCHO pretreatment is not a general
      phenomenon. Prediction of acceptable concentrations of occupational exposure for
      the prevention of sensory irritation in humans has been based primarily on RD50
      data for mice. Comparison of the RD50 values obtained for rats in this
      investigation with previously published results for mice varied by over one-half
      an order of magnitude, thereby disputing the usefulness of data from F-344 rats
      in setting threshold limit values for the prevention of sensory irritation.

PMID- 4049402
TI  - Dermal absorption of dihalomethane vapors.
AB  - The dermal absorption of dibromomethane (DBM) and bromochloromethane (BCM) vapors
      was studied in rats placed in a specially designed chamber incorporating
      individual respiratory protection to avoid pulmonary uptake. Exposures (DBM: 500
      to 10,000 ppm; BCM: 2500 to 40,000 ppm) lasted 4 hr during which time five blood
      samples were drawn from jugular cannulae for analysis of the parent dihalomethane
      by gas chromatography. Estimates of the amounts of chemicals stored in tissues
      and exhaled were based on concentrations in the blood and tissue partition
      coefficients, tissue volumes, and ventilation rate. Total metabolism was
      estimated from the amount of bromide released during the 4-hr exposure. The total
      amount of vapor absorbed through the skin was calculated from the estimates of
      the amount of parent chemical in blood and tissues, and the amounts exhaled and
      metabolized. The dermal flux for each concentration (DBM: 0.004 to 0.078
      mg/cm2/hr; BCM: 0.011 to 0.164 mg/cm2/hr) was calculated by dividing the amount
      absorbed by exposed surface area and duration of exposure. Flux was divided by
      exposure concentration to calculate a permeability constant. With each
      dihalomethane the permeability constants (DBM: congruent to 1.12 cm/hr; BCM:
      congruent to 0.79 cm/hr) were essentially independent of exposure concentration.
      This study shows that a whole-body dermal vapor exposure in rodents is
      technically possible, and quantitation of penetration can be accomplished using
      calculations based on achieved blood concentrations and some measure of
      metabolism.

PMID- 4049403
TI  - T-2 toxin can cause vasoconstriction in an in vitro bovine ear perfusion system.
AB  - An in vitro bovine ear perfusion system was used to examine the effect of T-2
      toxin on peripheral vasculature. T-2 toxin caused a dose-related increase in the
      perfusion pressure, with an apparent threshold concentration of 1 X 10(-5) M. The
      effect of the toxin was observed irrespective of the presence of either histamine
      or norepinephrine in the system. The presence of known histaminic or
      noradrenergic antagonists did not affect the response to the toxin. Once the
      vessel was exposed to T-2 toxin, the response to histamine or norepinephrine was
      decreased.

PMID- 4049404
TI  - Role of intrarenal biotransformation in chloroform-induced nephrotoxicity in
      rats.
AB  - Various ketonic agents potentiate the hepatic and renal toxicity of halogenated
      solvents in mice and rats. Characteristics of CHCl3 nephrotoxicity and of 2
      hexanone potentiation were evaluated in adult male Fischer 344 rats pretreated
      with vehicle (oil, 10 ml/kg, po) or 2-hexanone (10 mmol/kg, po) 18 hr prior to
      CHCl3 exposure. In contrast to the liver, little metabolism of 14CHCl3 by renal
      cortical microsomes from vehicle- or 2-hexanone-pretreated rats was detected.
      However, CHCl3 produced a concentration-related dysfunction when added to renal
      cortical slices from Fischer 344 or Sprague-Dawley rats. The degree of CHCl3
      toxicity in vitro was not altered when renal cortical slices were preincubated
      with CHCl3 (8.5 microliter) under an atmosphere of carbon monoxide. In renal
      cortical slices, deuterated-CHCl3 was less toxic than CHCl3. Although 2-hexanone
      pretreatment increased renal slice metabolism of 14CHCl3 twofold, this increase
      was not associated with an increase in nephrotoxicity after direct exposure of
      slices to CHCl3 (0 to 10 microliter) in vitro. CHCl3 (0.5 ml/kg, ip) did not
      alter renal cortical glutathione concentrations in vehicle or 2-hexanone
      pretreated rats. The association of 14CHCl3-derived radiolabel was increased over
      control by 2-hexanone pretreatment in protein, lipid, and acid soluble fractions
      from the renal cortex by approximately two-, two-, and fivefold, respectively. In
      conclusion, renal cytochrome P-450 did not appear to mediate CHCl3 metabolism and
      nephrotoxicity in the rat to the extent observed previously in mice. 2-Hexanone
      appeared to potentiate nephrotoxicity by a mechanism different than that observed
      in rat liver.

PMID- 4049405
TI  - Paraoxon reversibly inhibits neurotoxic esterase.
AB  - It has recently been reported that two paraoxon-insensitive carboxylesterases may
      be distinguished by their sensitivity to mipafox. However, we have not been able
      to reliably detect two components under the conditions of the widely used assay
      for neurotoxic esterase (NTE). We have determined that this discrepancy is a
      result of differences in the technique of preinhibition by paraoxon and mipafox.
      We report here that paraoxon is apparently able to reduce the rate of inhibition
      of both neurotoxic esterase isozymes by mipafox in a concentration-dependent
      manner. As a result, the rate of inhibition of NTE by mipafox is greater when
      sequential, rather than concurrent, preinhibition is utilized. An apparently
      greater reduction in the inhibition rate of the more sensitive minor component
      may make the two isozyme species indistinguishable in the presence of paraoxon at
      concentrations at or above 40 microM.

PMID- 4049406
TI  - Assessment of chemically induced DNA repair in primary cultures of human
      bronchial epithelial cells.
AB  - A procedure has been developed to assess chemically induced DNA repair in freshly
      isolated, primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. HBE cells
      were isolated from eight samples of autopsy material or surgical specimens and
      incubated with test chemicals and [3H]thymidine. Viability as measured by trypan
      blue exclusion averaged 90%. Chemically induced DNA repair was assessed as
      unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) by quantitative autoradiography. The direct
      acting agent methyl methanesulfonate induced DNA repair in HBE cells in all eight
      cases studied, indicating that the cultures were viable and capable of DNA repair
      in response to DNA damage. Benzo(a)pyrene induced DNA repair in all cultures
      whereas dimethylnitrosamine failed to induce UDS in any culture, suggesting an
      organ-specific pattern of metabolic activation. 1,6-Dinitropyrene was positive in
      cultures prepared from autopsy material but negative in cultures prepared from
      surgical specimens. Formaldehyde did not induce UDS in any sample examined. This
      system may be useful in assessing the genotoxic potential of environmental
      chemicals in human bronchial epithelial cells, give an indication of
      interindividual variability, and provide valuable information for comparison to
      proposed animal models for the human bronchus.

PMID- 4049407
TI  - Initial and residual toxicity following acute exposure of developing male rats to
      dibromochloropropane.
AB  - Male Fischer 344 rats were given a single, sc injection of 1,2-dibromo-3
      chloropropane (DBCP) at 6 or 25 days of age. One group of treated animals was
      killed 1 to 3 days afterward to compare the dose and time relationships of the
      acute toxic response of neonatal and weanling male rats to DBCP and another group
      at approximate sexual maturity (approximately 120 days of age) to detect residual
      toxic effects resulting from acute exposure. The 6-day-old rats were more
      susceptible than the 25-day-old rats to the acute toxic effects of DBCP, as
      characterized by reduced 48-hr survival, renal dysfunction, and renal and hepatic
      necrosis over the dose range of 80 to 320 mg/kg. The lowest dose tested, 20
      mg/kg, and all higher doses reduced subsequent body and gonadal weight gains, and
      caused hypospermatogenesis or seminiferous tubular atrophy in animals exposed at
      6 days of age and killed at sexual maturity. Similar effects were observed in
      animals exposed at 25 days of age, except that doses of 160 mg/kg or greater were
      required to produce residual toxic effects. These data indicate enhanced
      susceptibility of neonatal male rats to the gonadotoxic effects of
      dibromochloropropane, including the possibility of apparent irreversible injury
      caused by acute exposure.

PMID- 4049408
TI  - The joint neurotoxic action of inhaled methyl butyl ketone vapor and dermally
      applied O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate in hens: potentiating
      effect.
AB  - The neurotoxic action of inhaled technical grade methyl butyl ketone and dermally
      applied (O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate (EPN) was studied. Three
      groups of five hens each were treated 5 days/week for 90 days with a dermal dose
      of 1.0 mg/kg of EPN (85%) on the unprotected back of the neck. These groups were
      exposed simultaneously to 10, 50, or 100 ppm of technical methyl butyl ketone
      (MBK; methyl n-butyl ketone:methyl isobutyl ketone, 7:3) in inhalation chambers.
      A fourth group was treated only with the dose of EPN and a fifth group with only
      100 ppm MBK. The control consisted of a group of five hens treated with a dose of
      0.1 ml acetone. Treatment was followed by a 30-day observation period.
      Simultaneous exposure to EPN and MBK greatly enhanced the neurotoxicity produced
      when compared to the neurotoxicity produced by either chemical when applied
      alone. Continued exposure to EPN and MBK resulted in earlier onset and more
      severe signs of neurotoxicity than exposure to either individual compound. The
      severity and characteristics of histopathologic lesions in hens given the same
      daily dermal dose of EPN in combination with inhaled MBK depended on the MBK
      concentration. Histopathologic changes were more severe and prevalent in the 100
      ppm MBK:1 mg/kg EPN group than in the others. In this group, Wallerian-type
      degeneration was seen along with paranodal axonal swellings. The morphology and
      distribution of these lesions were characteristic of those induced by MBK. In the
      50 ppm MBK:1 mg/kg EPN group axonal swelling was evident but not clearly
      identifiable as paranodal. Hens treated with 10 ppm MBK:1 mg/kg EPN had minimal
      lesions with low incidence of axonal swellings. These were not as large as those
      seen in MBK neurotoxicity, but instead resembled the histopathologic lesions
      caused by EPN. The results indicate that the combined treatment gave a value for
      neurotoxicity coefficient which was two times the additive neurotoxic effect of
      each treatment alone. Pretreatment with three daily ip doses of 5 mmol/kg
      technical grade MBK or methyl n-butyl ketone (MnBK), equally increased chicken
      hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 content. Also, hepatic microsomes from MBK
      treated hens metabolized [14C]EPN in vitro to [14C]EPN oxon to a much greater
      extent than those from control hens. These results suggest that MBK potentiates
      the neurotoxic effect of EPN, at least in part, by increasing the metabolic
      activation of EPN to the more neurotoxic metabolite EPN oxon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4049409
TI  - Characterization of delayed neurotoxicity in the mouse following chronic oral
      administration of tri-o-cresyl phosphate.
AB  - The sensitivity of the mouse to organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity
      (OPIDN) has been investigated. One group of five mice received two single 1000
      mg/kg po doses of tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) at a 21-day interval (on Days 1
      and 21 of the study); a second group of five mice was given 225 mg/kg of TOCP
      daily for 270 days. A third group of five animals served as an untreated control.
      All animals were killed 270 days after the start of the experiment. Daily po
      dosing of 225 mg/kg TOCP caused a decrease in body weight gain, muscle wasting,
      weakness, and ataxia which progressed to severe hindlimb paralysis at
      termination. On the other hand, po administration of two single 1000-mg/kg doses
      of TOCP at a 21-day interval produced no observable adverse effects. Brain
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and neurotoxic esterase (NTE) activity were 35 and
      10% of the control, respectively, in daily dosed animals while AChE and NTE in
      mice receiving two single 1000-mg/kg doses of TOCP were not significantly altered
      from the control group. Plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity was 12% of the
      control group in daily dosed animals. Hepatic microsomal enzyme activities of
      aniline hydroxylase and p-chloro-N-methylaniline demethylase and NADPH-cytochrome
      P-450 content in daily dosed animals were increased (141 to 161% of the control
      group) when compared to controls and mice receiving two single 1000-mg/kg doses
      of TOCP; the latter being not significantly different from each other.
      Degeneration of the axon and myelin of the spinal cord and sciatic fascicle were
      observed and were consistent with OPIDN. This study demonstrates that chronic
      dosing of TOCP produces OPIDN and induces hepatic microsomal enzyme activity in
      mice. It is concluded that while the mouse is susceptible to OPIDN, it is a less
      sensitive and a less appropriate test animal for studying this effect when
      compared to the adult hen.

PMID- 4049410
TI  - Androgenic deficiency in male rats treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p
      dioxin.
AB  - Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the male reproductive
      system were investigated. Sexually mature (290 g) Sprague-Dawley rats were given
      single oral doses of TCDD sufficient to cause varying degrees of hypophagia and
      impaired body weight gain. The largest doses decreased plasma testosterone and
      dihydrotestosterone concentrations by 90 and 75%, respectively, from ad libitum
      fed control values, while decreasing seminal vesicle and ventral prostate weights
      by 68 and 48%. On Day 7, the approximate ED50 for these responses was 15
      micrograms TCDD/kg, a nonlethal dose. Reductions in caput epididymis and testis
      weights were also observed. The androgenic deficiency was seen as early as 2 days
      after dosing and persisted for at least 12 days. Based on data from pair-fed
      control rats, only about half the decreases in accessory sex organ weights and in
      plasma androgen concentrations could be accounted for by TCDD-induced hypophagia
      or body weight loss. These signs of androgenic deficiency were not the result of
      stress (based in part on plasma corticosterone assays), nor could they be
      accounted for by the known effects of TCDD on steroid metabolism. While the TCDD
      induced depression in plasma testosterone concentrations appears to be the
      primary event observed, the mechanism by which testosterone concentrations were
      decreased remains unknown. The androgenic deficiency may account for the male
      reproductive pathology and dysfunction in animals treated with overtly toxic
      doses of TCDD.

PMID- 4049411
TI  - The synergism of n-hexane-induced neurotoxicity by methyl isobutyl ketone
      following subchronic (90 days) inhalation in hens: induction of hepatic
      microsomal cytochrome P-450.
AB  - The effect of methyl isobutyl ketone (MiBK) on n-hexane-induced neurotoxicity was
      investigated via inhalation in seven groups of five hens each for 90 days
      followed by a 30-day observation period. One group was exposed to vapors
      containing 1000 ppm n-hexane and another group to vapors having 1000 ppm MiBK.
      Four groups were exposed simultaneously to 1000 ppm of n-hexane and 100, 250,
      500, or 1000 ppm MiBK. Another group was exposed similarly to ambient air in an
      exposure chamber and used as a control. Hens continuously exposed to 1000 ppm
      MiBK developed leg weakness with subsequent recovery, while inhalation of the
      same concentration of n-hexane produced mild ataxia. Hens exposed to mixtures of
      n-hexane and MiBK developed clinical signs of neurotoxicity, the severity of
      which depended on the MiBK concentration. Thus, all hens exposed to 1000 ppm n
      hexane in combination with 250, 500, or 1000 ppm MiBK progressed to paralysis.
      Hens continuously exposed to 1000/100 n-hexane/MiBK showed severe ataxia which
      did not change during the observation period. The neurologic dysfunction in hens
      exposed simultaneously to n-hexane and MiBK was accompanied by large swollen
      axons and degeneration of the axon and myelin of the spinal cord and peripheral
      nerves. The results indicate that the nonneurotoxic chemical MiBK synergized the
      neurotoxic action of the weak neurotoxicant n-hexane since the coneurotoxicity
      coefficient for joint exposure was more than two times the additive effect of
      each treatment alone. In another experiment, to investigate the mechanism of MiBK
      synergism of n-hexane neurotoxicity, continuous inhalation for 50 days of 1000
      ppm n-hexane had no effect on hen hepatic microsomal enzymes, whereas inhalation
      of 1000 ppm MiBK for 50 days or a mixture of 1000 ppm of each of n-hexane and
      MiBK for 30 days significantly induced aniline hydroxylase activity and
      cytochrome P-450 contents in hen liver microsomes. Liver microsomal proteins from
      these hens and from hens treated with beta-naphthoflavone (beta-NF) and
      phenobarbital (PB) were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. While beta-NF increased the 55-kDa band (1408%), PB, MiBK, and
      MiBK/n-hexane increased the protein band (49 kDa) (258, 335, and 253%,
      respectively), indicating that MiBK induces chicken hepatic cytochrome P-450. The
      results suggest that the synergistic action of MiBK on n-hexane neurotoxicity may
      be related to its ability to induce liver microsomal cytochrome P-450, resulting
      in increased metabolic activation of n-hexane to more potent neurotoxic
      metabolites.

PMID- 4049412
TI  - Reproductive and developmental toxicity of ethylene glycol in the mouse.
AB  - The effects of ethylene glycol on reproduction of CD-1 mice were tested in a
      protocol which permitted continuous breeding during a specified interval. The
      dosage amounts of 0, 0.25, 0.5, or 1% ethylene glycol by continuous
      administration in drinking water for male and female mice were selected from the
      general toxic responses observed in a 14-day pilot study. After the first week of
      administration, begun at 11 weeks of age, the animals were housed one male and
      one female per cage for 14 weeks during which time any offspring were examined,
      sexed, weighted, and killed to allow continuous mating of the first generation.
      At the end of the 14-week cohabitation period, the males and females were
      separated and any litters delivered after that time were kept until weaning.
      Those second-generation animals were mated at about 70 days of age. Slight, but
      statistically significant, decreases were found in the numbers of litters per
      fertile pair and live pups per litter in the 1% dose group and live pup weight at
      the 1% dose groups compared to control F0 mice. Facial anomalies were noted in a
      number of offspring of high-dose-treated mice and an examination for skeletal
      defects demonstrated a pattern including reduction in the size of bones in the
      skull, fused ribs, and abnormally shaped sternebrae and vertebrae in the high
      dose-treated, but not the untreated, mice. Neither the 0.25 nor 0.5% dose groups
      were significantly affected. No clinical signs of toxicity or significant adverse
      effects on body weight or water consumption were seen at the doses used, but two
      deaths occurred at the 0.5% quantity which may have been related to oxalate
      crystal deposition in the kidney.

PMID- 4049413
TI  - The developmental toxicity of ethylene glycol in rats and mice.
AB  - Timed-pregnant CD rats and CD-1 mice were dosed by gavage with ethylene glycol
      (EG) in distilled water on gestational days (gd) 6 through 15 (0, 1250, 2500, or
      5000 mg kg-1 day-1 for rats; and 0, 750, 1500, or 3000 mg kg-1 day-1 for mice).
      Females were observed daily during treatment, but no maternal deaths or
      distinctive clinical signs were noted. Dose-related decreases in maternal weight
      gain during treatment were significant at all doses in rats and at the mid and
      high doses in mice. Gravid uterine weight was reduced in both species at the mid
      and high doses, and corrected maternal gestational weight gain showed a
      significant decreasing trend. At termination (gd 20, rats; gd 17, mice), the
      status of uterine implantation sites was recorded, and live fetuses were weighed
      and examined for external, visceral, and skeletal malformations. Dose-related
      increases in postimplantation loss per litter were observed in both species with
      the high dose significantly above controls only in rats. Fetal body weight per
      litter was significantly reduced at the mid and high doses in rats and at all
      doses in mice. The percentage of malformed live fetuses per litter and/or the
      percentage of litters with malformed fetuses was significantly elevated in all EG
      dose groups and greater than 95% of litters were affected at the high dose for
      each species. A wide variety of malformations were observed; the most common in
      both species were craniofacial and neural tube closure defects and axial skeletal
      dysplasia. EG produced severe developmental toxicity in two rodent species at
      doses that apparently failed to produce any serious maternal effects.

PMID- 4049414
TI  - Biochemical assessment of acute nitrogen dioxide toxicity in rat lung.
AB  - The early primary biochemical response of lung to NO2 was studied separately from
      the later secondary responses of inflammation and proliferation by measuring
      several biochemical parameters in lungs of rats immediately following a 4-hr
      exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at concentrations of 10, 20, 30, and 40 ppm.
      Cell-free lavage fluid contained elevated amounts of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),
      malate dehydrogenase (MDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase (GDH), acid phosphatase (AP), and aryl sulfatase (AS) after 30 or
      40 ppm NO2. Total protein and sialic acid were increased in cell-free lavage
      after 20, 30, or 40 ppm NO2. The amounts of protein, sialic acid, and acid
      phosphatase recovered by airway lavage were equal to the amounts found in 0.7 ml
      of plasma, consistent with transudation of this volume of plasma into airways as
      a source of these parameters. The plasma activity of the other parameters
      measured was too low to account for their increase in lavage fluid by plasma
      leakage into airways. Decrease in the number and enzyme content of lavagable
      cells indicated damage to free cells in the airways. The amount of the decrease
      in enzyme content of the lavagable cell fraction was similar to the increase in
      the cell-free lavage for all of the measured enzymes except acid phosphatase,
      suggesting the release of these enzymes into airways as a result of damage to
      free cells. However, the LDH isoenzyme profile in cell-free lavage after exposure
      is inconsistent with free cells as the source of this enzyme. No changes were
      observed in the whole-lung homogenate content of protein, DNA, lipid, LDH, MDH,
      IDH, GDH, AP, AS, glutathione reductase, NADPH cytochrome c, or succinate
      cytochrome c reductase immediately after NO2 exposure. This study indicates that
      initial acute damage to lung by NO2 results in translocation of enzymes,
      proteins, and sialic acid into airways. Plasma is a likely source of translocated
      protein, sialic acid, and acid phosphatase. The sources of the other enzyme
      activities remain to be identified, with lung parenchyma and free cells as likely
      sources.

PMID- 4049415
TI  - Prenatal carbon monoxide exposure differentially affects postnatal weight and
      monoamine concentration of rat brain regions.
AB  - Regional weight, protein concentration, and monoamine concentration were
      determined in the pons/medulla, neocortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of 21- and
      42-day-old offspring of rats exposed to either air or 75, 150, or 300 ppm carbon
      monoxide (CO) throughout pregnancy. Norepinephrine and serotonin concentrations
      decreased linearly with increasing CO exposure concentrations in the pons/medulla
      of CO-exposed offspring at 21 days of age, but not by 42 days of age.
      Norepinephrine concentration increased linearly with increasing CO exposure
      concentrations in neocortex and tended to increase in hippocampus of CO-exposed
      offspring at 42 days of age, but not at 21 days of age. Regional weights and
      protein concentrations of the neocortex, hippocampus, or pons/medulla were not
      affected by CO exposure at either age. Cerebellar weights of CO-exposed
      offspring, however, decreased linearly with increasing CO exposure concentrations
      at both 21 and 42 days after birth. No significant effect of CO exposure on
      cerebellar monoamine concentrations was observed. The results suggest that
      prenatal CO exposure disrupts the development of noradrenergic and serotonergic
      neuronal systems, and the development of the cerebellum.

PMID- 4049416
TI  - Differential cholinesterase inhibition and muscarinic receptor changes in CD-1
      mice made tolerant to malathion.
AB  - The lethality of organophosphate (OP) cholinesterase (CHE) inhibitors is thought
      to result from depression of the respiratory center in the brain stem,
      constriction of and increased secretion by the airways, and paralysis of the
      respiratory musculature. While tolerance to the cholinergic toxicity of OPs has
      been well documented, such studies have not included investigations of the brain
      stem and extrapulmonary airways. In this report tolerance to the insecticide
      malathion is demonstrated. At 24 hr after 14 daily doses of malathion (400 mg/kg,
      ip), CHE activities were 27, 26, and 28% of control in striatum (ST), hippocampus
      (HI), and cortex (CX), respectively, while brain stem CHE activity was 41% of
      control. In addition, the numbers of muscarinic receptors (Bmax) decreased 30,
      20, and 22% in ST, HI, and CX, respectively. In contrast, there was no change in
      brain stem Bmax. The lack of parallelism between CHE inhibition and Bmax effects
      in brain stem as compared to all other tissues tested raises questions as to the
      mechanism(s) by which the respiratory system adapts during repeated OP exposure.

PMID- 4049417
TI  - Structural requirements for cytoprotective agents in galactosamine-induced
      hepatic necrosis.
AB  - A variety of compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit the development
      of galactosamine-induced hepatic necrosis when administered 12 hr after the
      toxicant. Hepatic necrosis in male Sprague-Dawley rats was quantified by
      histopathologic examination 24 hr after a hepatotoxic dose of D(+)-galactosamine
      HCl (400 mg/kg, ip). Compounds found to have antinecrotic activity were not able
      to eliminate the accumulation of calcium associated with galactosamine-induced
      hepatic necrosis. Potent calcium chelators (EDTA and EGTA), compounds with
      aminoethanethiol-chelating structures (cysteamine and penicillamine), compounds
      that may be metabolized to aminoethanethiol structures in vivo (N-acetylcysteine,
      2-aminoethylisothiourea, and cystamine), and a compound known to alter
      subcellular calcium sequestration (taurine) all inhibited galactosamine-induced
      hepatic necrosis. Compounds without antinecrotic effects (S-methylcysteamine,
      thioproline, dimercaptopropanesulfonic acid, and dimercaptosuccinic acid) do not
      possess structural or functional characteristics of the antinecrotic agents. It
      is suggested that chelation of free intercellular calcium or enhanced subcellular
      sequestration of calcium could explain the reduction of cytotoxic consequences of
      hepatic calcium accumulation observed in this model.

PMID- 4049418
TI  - Biochemical and functional disturbances in red blood cells of herring gulls
      ingesting Prudhoe Bay crude oil.
AB  - Heinz body hemolytic anemia developed in Herring Gull (Larus argentatus)
      nestlings given oral doses of 10 ml of Prudhoe Bay crude oil per kilogram of body
      weight per day for 5 days. Associated disturbances in red blood cells were
      increased amounts of reduced glutathione (GSH), peroxidation of membrane lipids,
      an increase in membrane permeability, and a decrease in the oxygen-carrying
      capacity of cyanomethemoglobin-convertible hemoglobin. Among groups of gulls
      given different cumulative doses of oil over a 6-day period, significant
      covariance with dose and dependence on dose was demonstrated for packed cell
      volume, hemoglobin, and red cell GSH. Rapid defecation of oil by gulls indicated
      that the effective dose was substantially less than the administered dose.
      Pronounced damage to red cells occurred in some birds administered oil for only 2
      days. These data imply that the toxic effects of ingested oil may contribute
      significantly to the morbidity and mortality of oil-contaminated birds.

PMID- 4049419
TI  - Effect of the organic acid transport inhibitor probenecid on renal cortical
      uptake and proximal tubular toxicity of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene and its
      conjugates.
AB  - Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD), its glutathione conjugate (HCBD-GSH), cysteine
      conjugate (HCBD-CYS), and mercapturic acid derivative (HCBD-NAC) all produce
      acute necrosis of the pars recta of the proximal renal tubule in the rat.
      Previous studies have shown that radiolabel from administered HCBD appears to
      concentrate in the pars recta region. Renal uptake of radioactivity from HCBD-NAC
      was studied in rats by giving a single ip injection of the chemical and measuring
      its concentration in plasma and renal cortex 4 hr later. Cortex/plasma ratios
      (C/P) of HCBD-NAC were 4.35 +/- 0.21 (8 animals) at a dose of 64 mumol/kg and
      10.4 +/- 0.55 (5) at a dose of 16 mumol/kg. These ratios were greater than that
      of inulin [C/P inulin = 1.5 +/- 0.2 (4)]. Thus cortical HCBD-NAC content was
      significantly greater than can be accounted for by glomerular filtration alone.
      Prior administration of probenecid (500 mumol/kg), a competitive inhibitor of
      organic acid transport, to animals receiving 16 or 64 mumol/kg of HCBD-NAC
      reduced the C/P to 1.03 +/- 0.09 (5) and 0.81 +/- 0.05 (8), respectively.
      Administration of probenecid in increasing doses (100, 200, 300, and 400
      mumol/kg) to animals receiving 64 mumol/kg HCBD-NAC resulted in decreases of the
      C/P (2.59, 2.29, 1.35, and 0.84, respectively), suggesting a competitive
      inhibition of cortical HCBD-NAC uptake. The extent of covalently bound
      radioactivity from 64 mumol/kg HCBD-NAC was significantly greater in the renal
      cortex (1.11 +/- 0.2 nmol eq/mg protein) than in the liver (0.19 +/- 0.01 nmol
      eq/mg protein). Prior administration of probenecid (500 mumol/kg) reduced the
      renal cortical concentration of HCBD-NAC to 0.25 +/- 0.02 nmol eq/mg protein.
      Increasing doses of probenecid resulted in a progressive decrease in renal
      cortical covalent binding. When treatment with probenecid led to renal cortical
      concentrations of less than 120 nmol eq HCBD-NAC/g and an amount of covalently
      bound material less than 0.4 nmol eq/mg protein the animals were completely
      protected against the nephrotoxicity, as assessed by plasma urea and
      histopathological examination 24 hr after dosing. Prior administration of
      probenecid (500 mumol/kg) also protected rats against the nephrotoxicity produced
      by HCBD (192 mumol/kg), HCBD-GSH (47 mumol/kg), and HCBD-CYS (36 mumol/kg). It is
      suggested that the renal cortical accumulation and selective proximal tubular
      toxicity of HCBD and its conjugates is related to a carrier-mediated transport
      system.

PMID- 4049420
TI  - Ozone-induced inhibition of theophylline elimination in rabbits: effect of age
      and sex.
AB  - The effect of age and sex on the elimination of theophylline in New Zealand White
      rabbits was investigated following exposure to 0.3 ppm of ozone (O3) for 3.75
      hr/day over 5 consecutive days. Animals were given air alone 5 to 7 days before
      and after the 5 days of O3 exposure. The elimination half-life of theophylline
      was significantly (p = 0.004) prolonged on Days 1 and 5 of O3 exposure in the
      rabbits greater than 2 years old, with no effect being seen in those 3 to 4
      months old. No O3-induced change was seen in the apparent volume of distribution
      to account for the observed change in theophylline elimination half-life. The
      female rabbit in particular demonstrated this age-related effect; while in the
      male, variability prevented the observed difference from reaching significance.
      The results indicated inhibition of theophylline elimination by O3 in the rabbit
      depends on age and sex.

PMID- 4049421
TI  - Deposition and clearance of a water-reactive vapor, methylphosphonic difluoride
      (difluoro), inhaled by rats.
AB  - Rats were exposed by both inhalation and noninhalation routes to carbon-14
      labeled methylphosphonic difluoride (difluoro) or its hydrolysis products.
      Exposed rats were serially killed and dissected so that the movement of the
      radiolabel could be traced over 7 days. Hydrolysis products cleared rapidly after
      noninhalation administration (t 1/2 less than 24 hr). The deposition of inhaled
      difluoro was mainly in the maxillo- and ethmoturbinates, and clearance was mainly
      by mucociliary clearance and swallowing. Constants were calculated for relating
      doses of difluoro to various respiratory tract tissues as a function of total
      deposited vapor. These constants indicate that the maxilloturbinates in the
      anterior of the nose receive more than four times the dose of difluoro than do
      the ethmoturbinates, whereas the trachea and lung receive much lower doses than
      do the nasal tissues. The derived constants may be applicable for calculating
      doses to respiratory tract tissues for other inhaled vapors that do not saturate
      the mucus (e.g., irreversibly react with water).

PMID- 4049422
TI  - Selenium in the anterior pituitary of rats exposed to sodium selenite: light and
      electron microscopic localization.
AB  - Metal selenide accumulations were demonstrated in the anterior pituitary of the
      rat by a histochemical technique at light and electron microscopic levels. After
      administration of sodium selenite either by drinking water (2.5 to 15 ppm) or by
      ip injection (5 to 20 mg/kg body wt), intracellular accumulations were found in
      secretory granules and lysosomes of the somatotrophs, thyrotrophs, corticotrophs,
      and the gonadotrophs. The amount of countable deposits increased with increasing
      doses, whether selenite was given in drinking water or by ip injection.
      Localization of deposits was independent of route of administration. Following a
      single ip injection of 5 mg sodium selenite/kg, a steadily increasing amount of
      visible deposits was seen throughout the first week. After this peak the deposits
      started to decrease but could still be found after 2 weeks. Selenium may possibly
      create bonds to endogenous zinc in the anterior pituitary as has been suggested
      for the brain.

PMID- 4049423
TI  - Glutathione adduct formation with microsomally activated metabolites of the
      pulmonary alkylating and cytotoxic agent, 3-methylindole.
AB  - Incubations with goat lung and liver microsomes were conducted to trap with
      exogenous glutathione (GSH) the electrophilic intermediate produced via
      cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolic activation of 3-methylindole (3MI).
      Microsomal incubation mixtures with [14C]3MI, a NADPH-generating system, and
      [3H]GSH produced a dual-labeled adduct which was isolated by reverse-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography. Reactive 3MI intermediates were also trapped
      with cysteine. Adduct formation increased in proportion to the concentration of
      either thiol. Covalent binding of activated 3MI metabolites to microsomal protein
      was inversely related to adduct production. There were both qualitative and
      quantitative differences in the formation of GSH adducts by lung and liver
      microsomes. In the presence of 2 mM GSH, the adduct was produced at a rate of 1.8
      nmol/mg protein/min by lung microsomes but only at 0.1 nmol/mg protein/min by
      hepatic microsomes. The addition of cytosolic fractions containing glutathione S
      transferase activity increased GSH adduct formation by approximately 30%. These
      results support the view that electrophilic 3MI intermediates are trapped by
      conjugation with GSH, and that organ-selective toxicity is primarily due to much
      faster rates of cytochrome P-450 oxidation of 3MI in the lung than in the liver.

PMID- 4049425
TI  - Short term disposition of soluble vs. insoluble forms of cadmium in rat lung
      after intratracheal administration: an autoradiographic assessment.
AB  - An autoradiographic study was undertaken to compare the initial distribution
      patterns of soluble and less soluble forms of cadmium in the rat lung after
      intratracheal (i.t.) instillation. Male Sprague--Dawley rats were divided into 2
      groups, each group received either soluble or a less soluble cadmium (109Cd) i.t.
      in 0.1 ml buffered saline. At 5, 30 and 90 min post-instillation, rats were
      sacrificed and processed for autoradiography, and radioactivity estimation of
      lung sections. 109Cd was unevenly distributed in the lungs at 5 min for both
      forms of Cd. At 90 min post-instillation, 109Cd was almost evenly distributed in
      the lung instilled with the soluble form; in case of the less soluble form a
      spotty distribution of 109Cd in the bronchi was observed. 109Cd was mainly
      translocated to the liver and stomach, followed by the kidney and intestine. It
      is apparent that the initial translocation of instilled 109Cd from the lung is
      relatively slow in the case of less soluble form as compared with the soluble
      form.

PMID- 4049424
TI  - The interaction of zinc and cadmium in the synthesis of hepatic metallothionein
      in rats.
AB  - The interaction of injected zinc salts (Zn) and cadmium salts (Cd) with regard to
      the synthesis of metallothionein (MT) in adult rat liver was investigated. Male
      rats received an i.p. injection of Zn (20 mg/kg) or Cd (0.6 mg/kg) with or
      without pretreatment with Zn (20 mg/kg 16 h prior to the second injection). It
      was found that both metals, when administered singly, induced the synthesis of
      significant levels of hepatic MT, but that, when the Cd injection followed the Zn
      injection, synthesis of MT was not additive. When Zn pretreatment was followed by
      a second Zn injection, MT accumulation was additive (approx. 2-fold of that
      observed after a single Zn injection). Also, a highly significant positive
      correlation, (r = 0.97, P less than 0.01) was noted between hepatic Zn
      concentration and hepatic MT concentration, a relationship which was independent
      of the mode of MT induction. The results of the investigation indicate that: (1)
      in the presence of pre-existing hepatic Zn--MT, the ability of Cd to induce new
      MT synthesis is greatly reduced; rather, Cd is sequestered by the pre-existing
      MT; and (2) Zn may play a major role in the induction of MT synthesis both after
      Zn administration and after Cd administration.

PMID- 4049426
TI  - Depression of serum cholinesterase activity by cadmium.
AB  - Two serum enzymes which originate from the liver under different circumstances
      were examined as potential biological indicators in serum for cadmium toxicity.
      The first of those is an enzyme that leaks from damaged liver cells. The second
      is an enzyme that is secreted by the normal functioning liver. Cadmium chloride
      was injected s.c. into male and female rats of the Wistar strain (8, 15 and 22
      weeks old), at doses of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg Cd/kg body weight (in total 18
      groups). Cholinesterase (CHE; EC 3.1.1.8) activity in serum was found to decrease
      with time after the administration of a single injection of cadmium chloride and,
      in all experimental groups, was significantly lower than the control values on
      day 2 after the injection. Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT; EC 2.6.1.2)
      activity in serum, however, increased only in the oldest group of males receiving
      the high dose levels of cadmium. A time-course experiment in which male and
      female rats 15 weeks of age were administered 1.5 mg Cd/kg body weight showed
      that the serum CHE activity started to decrease on day 1 after the injection,
      attained the lowest level on days 2 and 3, and then recovered almost to control
      levels on day 5. On the other hand, the GPT activity remained at or less than
      control values throughout the experimental period. The results indicate that CHE
      activity in serum is a sensitive biological indicator for cadmium toxicity.

PMID- 4049427
TI  - In vivo mutagenicity evaluation of domperidone in Drosophila germ cells and rat
      bone marrow cells.
AB  - Possible induction of chromosome aberrations and gene mutations by domperidone
      was studied in vivo respectively by a micronucleus test on female rats and a sex
      linked recessive lethal test on Drosophila. In accordance with previous results
      all these studies revealed negative findings for domperidone so that it can be
      concluded that domperidone has no potential to induce chromosome aberrations
      and/or gene mutations.

PMID- 4049428
TI  - Biotransformation of paraoxon and p-nitrophenol by isolated perfused mouse
      livers.
AB  - Single-pass perfusion in situ of mouse livers with the organophosphate paraoxon
      resulted in formation of p-nitrophenol (PNP), p-nitrophenyl sulfate (PNPS), and p
      nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide (PNPG). Following initiation of perfusion of
      paraoxon steady--state conditions were achieved in 15-25 min, at which time the
      extraction ratio was 0.55 (S.D. = 0.05). This suggests the capacity of mouse
      liver to biotransform paraoxon is not as great as previously reported. At all
      concentrations of paraoxon examined the amount of PNPS produced exceeded that of
      PNPG. However, as the concentration of paraoxon increased the relative proportion
      of PNP to PNPS and PNPG increased, indicating the capacity of liver to
      biotransform paraoxon exceeded the capacity to biotransform PNP. Single-pass
      perfusion in situ of mouse livers with PNP resulted in production of PNPS and
      PNPG. As with paraoxon, steady-state conditions were achieved in 15-25 min. The
      extraction ratio of PNP, as well as the metabolic profile, changed markedly with
      varying concentrations of PNP. At PNP reservoir concentrations of 4 microM or
      less the extraction ratio of PNP was 1, with all PNP metabolized to PNPS. As PNP
      concentrations increased (up to 75 microM) both unchanged PNP and PNPG appeared
      in the effluent. Thus the hepatic biotransformation of PNP was clearly dependent
      on substrate concentration.

PMID- 4049429
TI  - Induction of pulmonary drug metabolizing enzymes by coal fly ash in rats.
AB  - The effect of intratracheal administration of fly ash, benzene extracted fly ash
      residue and benzene extract of fly ash has been studied on the activity of
      pulmonary mixed function oxidase. Fly ash, its benzene extract and benzene
      extracted residue significantly increased the levels of cytochrome P-450,
      cytochrome b5 and the activities of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, NADH cytochrome
      b5 reductase, aminopyrine N-demethylase and glutathione S-transferase in a dose
      dependent manner. Phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene treatment along with
      administration of fly ash, its benzene extracted residue and benzene extract of
      fly ash showed a synergistic effect on the activity of mixed function oxidase.
      The observed effects were due to chemical causes, i.e. organic and inorganic
      fractions of fly ash and not, due to its particulate nature. This was shown by
      the administration of glass beads which caused no alteration in the activity of
      pulmonary mixed function oxidase.

PMID- 4049430
TI  - The embryotoxic and osteolathyrogenic effects of semicarbazide.
AB  - The osteolathyrogenic agent semicarbazide was assayed for its toxicity and
      teratogenicity using early embryos of the frog Xenopus laevis. The 96-h LC50 is
      1504.20 mg/l while the 96-h EC50 is 76.28 mg/l. Embryo length is altered prior to
      the onset of other effects indicated by a reduction in stage of development. The
      major malformation is associated with the notochord where the notochordal sheath
      is reduced owing to the disruption in the maturation and/or deposition of the
      connective tissue fibers.

PMID- 4049431
TI  - Lung injury and repair: DNA synthesis following 1,1-dichloroethylene.
AB  - Injury and cellular proliferation in the lung were examined following
      administration of 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE) or vinylidene chloride. C57BL/6
      male mice were treated orally with 200 mg/kg of 1,1-DCE prior to a single pulse
      of tritiated thymidine [( 3H]TdR). Necrosis and exfoliation of Clara cells of
      bronchiolar epithelium were evident by 1 day after chemical administration, and
      increased in severity by 2 days. A regenerative response was observed at 3 days
      after 1,1-DCE administration, and by 7 days the epithelium was substantially
      restored. At 30 days after 1,1-DCE, re-epithelization was achieved and areas
      devoid of epithelium were not observed. Changes in cellular proliferation were
      calculated from measurements of [3H]TdR incorporation into total pulmonary DNA.
      Activity of [3H]TdR was significantly inhibited at 1 day after chemical
      administration and thereafter increased: a peak of synthesis occurred between 3
      and 5 days. At 7 days after 1,1-DCE administration, incorporation of [3H]TdR
      decreased to levels that were not significantly different from those of control
      animals. Autoradiographic examination of 0.5 micron thick plastic-embedded lung
      sections showed that [3H]TdR was incorporated into the DNA of bronchiolar
      epithelial cells, macrophages, interstitial, endothelial and Type II alveolar
      cells. However, the majority of the label was taken up by the nonciliated
      bronchiolar epithelial cells. The increased [3H]TdR incorporation into whole lung
      correlated with repopulation of bronchioles which was observed following injury.
      The results demonstrated that 1,1-DCE-induced damage to Clara cells of the
      bronchiolar epithelium was severe and rapid; re-epithelization was achieved in a
      relatively short time whereas differentiation was a prolonged process.

PMID- 4049432
TI  - Biochemical and functional alterations in renal and cardiac development resulting
      from neonatal methylmercury treatment.
AB  - Administration of methylmercury (1 or 2.5 mg/kg daily) to neonatal rats caused
      alterations in both cardiac and renal growth patterns. Heart weights were
      elevated in the preweaning period in association with hyperplasia (supranormal
      DNA content); after weaning, the cardiac overgrowth regressed and there was an
      eventual hypoplasia as evidenced by low DNA content in young adulthood. Renal
      overgrowth was more pronounced and persistent, but reflected a pure hypertrophy,
      with no changes in DNA. Renal function was affected by neonatal methylmercury
      exposure, as assessed through basal clearance techniques. In the immediate period
      after beginning treatment, there was an impairment of renal function (elevated
      serum urea, creatinine and osmolality; increased fractional excretions of water,
      sodium and osmotic particles), with a return to normal by 10 days postnatally.
      Thereafter, there was a secondary phase of tubular impairment which peaked at the
      time of maximum hypertrophy. Thus, biochemical and functional indices of organ
      development can be adversely affected at doses of methylmercury which are usually
      associated primarily with nervous system-specific damage; effects of
      methylmercury on neuronal and/or hormonal factors may contribute to the
      perturbations.

PMID- 4049433
TI  - Free radical species mediating the toxicity of ozone for cultured rat lung
      fibroblasts.
AB  - We have reported a model system with which to study factors influencing the
      toxicity of O3 for cultured rat lung cells. This continuing investigation was to
      determine the relative contributions of free radical species to the toxicity of
      O3 as measured by 51Cr release and the use of free radical scavengers. Toxicity
      from modes of O3 exposure favoring stable free radicals (stationary cultures or
      added O3-exposed medium) was prevented by the H2O2 scavenger, catalase. Toxicity
      produced by exposing cells to O3 through only a thin film of medium (rotated
      cultures) was partially prevented by either catalase or superoxide dismutase.
      Their combination completely prevented toxicity, suggesting that both H2O2 and O2
      were major toxic species. Mannitol, an OH scavenger formed from H2O2 and O2, was
      partially protective with all models while the 1O2 scavengers histidine,
      tryptophan and xanthine were ineffective.

PMID- 4049434
TI  - The toxicity of beta-carotene.
AB  - The safety of beta-carotene, a widely distributed food colorant was assessed in
      tests with cells and in sub-chronic and chronic experiments with animals.
      Mutagenicity evaluations which included the standard Ames test and the micro
      nucleus test of bone marrow cells from mice showed that beta-carotene exerted no
      mutagenic properties. Embryotoxicity studies in rats and rabbits showed that
      there was no evidence of embryotoxicity and a multiple generation study in rats
      showed that there was no interference with the reproductive function in rats
      given oral doses of up to 1000 mg/kg/day. Chronic toxicity was studied in a 2
      year study with dogs in a toxicity/tumorigenicity study in rats and in a mouse
      carcinogenicity study. Histological findings in the livers of treated dogs and
      mice, but not in rats, included vacuolated cells with eccentric nuclei which were
      distributed in periportal areas and which were frequently associated with minimal
      lipid deposition. There was no evidence that the vacuolisation was dose-related.
      It was considered that the vacuolated cells were fat storage cells. There was no
      effect on the tumor profiles in the rat and the mouse studies.

PMID- 4049435
TI  - Correlation of the octanol/water partition coefficient with clearance half-times
      of intratracheally instilled aromatic hydrocarbons in rats.
AB  - Studies on the lung retention of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) after
      inhalation have indicated that, in general, the PAH are rapidly cleared from the
      respiratory tract. Clearance of the PAH from the lungs is best described as bi
      phasic, with the long-term component of the clearance curve having a half-time of
      greater than 24 h. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a
      relationship exists between the lipophilicity (as measured by the octanol/water
      partition coefficient, P) of various PAH and the short-term and long-term
      clearance half-times of PAH in rat lungs. Female F344/Crl rats were administered
      intratracheally 1 nmol of 14C-labelled anthracene (AN), benz[a]anthracene (BA), 1
      nitropyrene (NP), 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (6-NBP), or dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (DBC).
      At various times after instillation rats were sacrificed and the amount of 14C
      remaining in the lungs was determined. Octanol/water partition coefficients were
      experimentally determined for each of the PAH used. Clearance of 14C from rat
      lungs following instillation of the different PAH was biphasic. In all cases,
      greater than 85% of the initial dose instilled was cleared with a half-time of
      less than 1 h. The half-times for clearance of the residual 14C (1-15% of the
      dose) were 26, 30, 36, 53 and 63 h for AN, NP, 6-NBP, BA and DBC, respectively.
      The log of the octanol/water partition coefficients for the different PAH
      examined ranged from 4.1 (AN) to 6.05 (DBC). Plots of the octanol/water
      coefficients vs. the long-term clearance half-time for the PAH indicated a linear
      correlation (p less than 0.001; r2 = 0.96). The results from this study indicate
      that the greater the lipophilicity of the PAH, the slower the long-term clearance
      of a small fraction (1-15%) of PAH from rat lungs. These data suggest that
      predictions of long-term lung clearance can be made for PAH with log
      octanol/water partition coefficients between 4 and 6.

PMID- 4049436
TI  - Humoral immunotoxicity of polychlorinated diphenyl ethers, phenoxyphenols,
      dioxins and furans present as contaminants of technical grade pentachlorophenol.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated that the humoral immune response in mice as
      measured by the splenic IgM response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) is highly
      sensitive to suppression by technical grade (86%) pentachlorophenol (T-PCP)
      whereas analytical grade (greater than 99%) PCP is not immunosuppressive. In the
      present studies, we have examined several contaminant fractions and purified
      isomers from T-PCP for their humoral immunosuppressive effect. C57BL/6 mice were
      treated with a single oral dose of the various contaminants 2 days prior to SRBC
      challenge and the peak splenic IgM antibody response was measured 5 days later.
      Under these exposure conditions, T-PCP produced a dose-related suppression of the
      antibody response whereas analytical grade PCP was without effect. The dose of T
      PCP producing 50% immunosuppression relative to the vehicle-treated control
      (ID50) was 83 mg/kg. Results from studies using contaminant fractions extracted
      from T-PCP indicated that a chlorinated dioxin/furan fraction was significantly
      immunosuppressive, whereas a chlorinated phenoxyphenol fraction and a chlorinated
      diphenyl ether fraction were without effect when administered at dose levels
      expected to occur in the ID50 dose of T-PCP. Several purified phenoxyphenol
      isomers representing the major pre- and isopredioxins in T-PCP were also not
      immunosuppressive, nor was octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. The 1,2,3,4,6,7,8
      hexachlorodioxin (HxCDD), 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodioxin (HpCDD), and
      1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorofuran (HpCDF) isomers were all significantly
      immunosuppressive. The single, oral ID50s were 7.1, 85 and 208 micrograms/kg for
      HxCDD, HpCDD and HpCDF, respectively. Coadministration of HxCDD and HpCDD
      produced an additive immunosuppressive effect suggesting that the toxic dioxin
      and furan isomers present in T-PCP function in concert to produce the degree of
      immune suppression observed following T-PCP exposure. When analytical grade PCP
      was coadministered with HpCDD, the degree of immune suppression was equivalent to
      that produced by HpCDD alone, indicating no significant influence of PCP on
      dioxin-induced immunosuppression. The enhanced susceptibility of Ah-responsive
      C57BL/6 mice to T-PCP induced immune suppression as compared to Ah-nonresponsive
      DBA/2 mice and the correlation of immune suppression with P1-450 associated
      monoxygenase induction provided further evidence for the role of the toxic Ah
      interactive dioxin and furan contaminants in T-PCP as the mediators of T-PCP
      immunotoxicity.

PMID- 4049437
TI  - Carcinogenicity study with epichlorohydrin (CEP) by gavage in rats.
AB  - Weanling Wistar rats of both sexes were given epichlorohydrin by gastric
      intubation for 2 years, 5 times a week at dosages of 0, 2, and 10 mg/kg body
      weight. Mortality and body weight gain were recorded and histopathological
      examination for tumours was carried out; after 1 year also haematology was
      performed. Towards the end of the study a slight dose-related increase in
      mortality was observed in males, along with a decrease in mean body weight in the
      survivors. At pathological examination a high incidence (100% for females, 81%
      for males) of squamous cell carcinomas of low-grade malignancy was observed in
      the forestomach of animals at risk (greater than 18 months) from the 10 mg/kg
      group. In the 2 mg/kg group forestomach tumours were found at a lower incidence
      (7% for females, 14% for males), whereas this tumour was not found in control
      animals. Other tumours diagnosed in this study occurred at background level and
      were not influenced by treatment.

PMID- 4049438
TI  - Effects of ethanol ingestion on the hepatotoxicity and metabolism of paracetamol
      in mice.
AB  - The influence of ethanol on paracetamol-induced liver damage was studied in mice
      and related to changes in microsomal monooxygenases and plasma paracetamol
      metabolites in the same group of animals. Paracetamol (400 mg/kg body wt, p.o.)
      was administered alone or simultaneously with ethanol (3 g/kg, p.o.) to mice fed
      either a chow diet or pretreated for 4 weeks with a liquid diet containing
      ethanol (20% of energy). Acute ethanol administration protected against
      paracetamol hepatotoxicity, but this protection was complete only in mice not fed
      ethanol previously. Acute ethanol administration also appeared to reduce
      paracetamol monooxygenation in vivo, but ethanol (50 mM) added to microsomal
      incubations in vitro had no significant effect on paracetamol activation and
      covalent binding. The chronic ingestion of ethanol in the diet increased
      paracetamol-related liver damage, but there appeared to be no induction of
      paracetamol monooxygenation in these animals. We are unable to confirm current
      concepts that the potentiation of paracetamol hepatotoxicity by chronic ethanol
      ingestion and its reduction by acute ethanol administration result solely from
      contrasting effects of ethanol on cytochrome P-450, and alternative explanations
      are proposed.

PMID- 4049439
TI  - Hemodilution in acute stroke.

PMID- 4049440
TI  - Epidemiologic studies of stroke in Shibata, a Japanese provincial city:
      preliminary report on risk factors for cerebral infarction.
AB  - A 6.5-year prospective study of cerebral infarction among residents 40 years and
      older was conducted at the Akadani-Ijimino district in Shibata City, Niigata
      Prefecture, Japan. The response rate for the initial examination was 85% of 1,182
      males and 93% of 1,469 females. Nine hundred and sixty males and 1,339 females
      who were initially free of stroke were followed up from July 1977 through
      December 1983. Statistically significant risk factors for cerebral infarction
      appeared to be age, elevated blood pressure, high R, ST-T changes and atrial
      fibrillation on ECG, and albuminuria. The ECG abnormalities and albuminuria were
      due to the high blood pressure persisted over a long period of time. The strength
      of association of blood pressure with cerebral infarction got weak in comparison
      with other factors, and funduscopic changes which had been regarded as a risk
      factor for stroke in 1965-1974 did not reach statistical significance because of
      the spread of the community-based hypertension control. Even in 1977-1983 when
      Japanese dietary habits were westernized, neither hyperlipidemia nor obesity
      appeared to be related to the development of cerebral infarction.

PMID- 4049441
TI  - Asymptomatic carotid artery bruits in a population of elderly adults with
      isolated systolic hypertension.
AB  - A sample of 99 elderly (over age sixty) adults with isolated systolic
      hypertension were examined for cervical arterial bruits and systolic blood
      pressure measurements were taken in upper and lower extremities. The ratio of
      ankle to arm blood pressure (ankle/arm index) was used as a measure of the degree
      of obstruction in peripheral arterial circulation. The prevalence of bruit
      (asymptomatic in all cases) was high, with 24 bruits detected in 19 (19%)
      participants. This high prevelance of bruits is thought to be due to the blood
      pressure characteristics of this population. Those with bruit were found to have
      a 3.9 times greater chance of having an abnormal ankle/arm index. The
      relationship remained statistically significant even after controlling for the
      effects of age and smoking. These findings add further evidence to the hypothesis
      that asymptomatic cervical bruits are an indication of systemic vascular disease.

PMID- 4049442
TI  - Racial differences in the distribution of posterior circulation occlusive
      disease.
AB  - We compared clinical and arteriographic features in 27 white and 24 black
      patients with symptomatic posterior circulation occlusive disease. The degree of
      arterial stenosis was measured independently by two examiners at 12 sites within
      the vertebrobasilar territory. Racial comparisons were made based upon the
      distribution of extra- and intracranial occlusive lesions and symptomatic sites
      of the lesions. White patients had significantly more angina pectoris, more
      lesions of the origin of the left vertebral artery and more high grade lesions of
      the extracranial vertebral arteries. Black patients had significantly higher mean
      diastolic blood pressure, more diabetes mellitus, more lesions of the distal
      basilar artery, more high grade lesions of intracranial branch vessels and more
      symptomatic intracranial branch disease. Race was found to be the only factor
      increasing the risk of intracranial posterior circulation occlusive disease.
      Knowledge of the contribution of race to the distribution of posterior
      circulation lesions will help guide evaluation and treatment strategies for
      patients with vertebrobasilar occlusive disease.

PMID- 4049443
TI  - Baseline hemodynamic state and response to hemodilution in patients with acute
      cerebral ischemia.
AB  - Hemodynamic data were obtained in 9 patients (mean age 65 yrs) with carotid
      territory cerebral infarct within the preceding 24 hours (mean 14 +/- 8) as part
      of a pilot study testing the feasibility and safety of hypervolemic hemodilution.
      Pulmonary arterial catheters (PACs) were placed without complication in all
      patients, and after baseline measurements were obtained, up to 1500 cc of 6%
      hetastarch in 0.9% sodium chloride was administered the first day and up to 1000
      cc per day the second and third days. Pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP) rose from
      6.3 +/- 3.5 to 14.4 +/- 3.4 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) without development of
      congestive heart failure in any patient. This was accompanied by a drop in
      hematocrit (Hct) from 40.3 +/- 3.4 to 32.9 +/- 2.0 (p less than 0.001) and rise
      in cardiac output (CO) from 4.3 +/- 1.0 to 5.3 +/- 0.6 (p less than 0.05).
      Phlebotomy of 250 cc was performed in 2 patients and 500 cc in one in order to
      reduce Hct to desired levels. The volume of fluid needed to raise PWP to 15 was
      unpredictable (2361 +/- 1106 cc) and therefore PACs were necessary to monitor the
      rate and volume of fluid administration. The data show that PWP is sufficiently
      low and Hct sufficiently high following stroke in most patients that hemodilution
      by volume expansion with phlebotomy added if necessary can be undertaken safely
      with appropriate monitoring of hemodynamic function, and that this therapy
      results in optimal reduction of Hct and increased CO without risk of hypotension.

PMID- 4049444
TI  - Arteriographic comparison of amaurosis fugax and hemispheric transient ischaemic
      attacks.
AB  - The results of carotid angiography were compared in 53 patients with amaurosis
      fugax and 92 with hemispheric transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs). Evidence of
      extracranial disease was found in 71% of those with retinal ischaemia and these
      patients rarely had evidence of intracranial disease (11%) or normal angiograms
      (15%). By contrast patients with hemispheric symptoms less frequently showed
      disease of the cervical carotid artery (36%) and more often had intracranial
      disease (27%) or normal angiograms (35%). It is suggested that amaurosis fugax is
      usually due to emboli originating in the internal carotid artery but that the
      pathogenesis of cerebral TIAs in the carotid territory is more heterogeneous.
      These conclusions have implications for the design and interpretation of both
      medical and surgical trials.

PMID- 4049446
TI  - Amnestic syndrome and vertical gaze palsy: early detection of bilateral thalamic
      infarction by CT and NMR.
AB  - A 27 year old woman with mitral valve prolapse presented with somnolence,
      bilateral Babinski signs, and grasp reflexes. As somnolence cleared, vertical
      gaze palsy and Korsakoffian memory deficit were apparent. Initial CT scan was
      normal, but NMR scan 24 hours after the onset of symptoms revealed prolonged T2
      relaxation in medial thalami bilaterally, facilitating diagnosis of bithalamic
      infarction. Subsequent CT scans delineated infarction in the vascular territory
      of the paramedian thalamic arteries. Previous clinical reports and the neuro- and
      vascular anatomy underlying this syndrome are reviewed, including cases that
      suggest a relationship to the syndrome of transient global amnesia.

PMID- 4049445
TI  - Somatosensory evoked potentials in pure sensory stroke and related conditions.
AB  - Somatosensory evoked potentials were reviewed for their correlation with CT scan
      and clinical features of ischemic "pure sensory stroke" and "pure sensorimotor
      stroke". Somatosensory evoked potentials were normal in all 11 cases of pure
      sensory stroke, and CT was normal in ten. The N2-P2 components of the
      somatosensory evoked potentials were abnormal in all 4 cases of pure sensorimotor
      stroke, and all had low density CT lesions in the lateral thalamus and/or
      posterior limb of the internal capsule. It is concluded that somatosensory evoked
      potentials and CT scans are routinely abnormal in pure sensorimotor stroke, but
      they are consistently normal in pure sensory stroke, and should not be
      interpreted as evidence against a clinical diagnosis of pure sensory stroke.

PMID- 4049447
TI  - Correlation of local cerebral blood flow, glucose utilization, and tissue pH
      following a middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat.
AB  - The use of three sets of the double-tracer autoradiographic technique to measure
      topographical changes of local cerebral blood flow (LCBF), glucose utilization
      (LCGU), and tissue pH following a 3 h middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in
      the rat is described. In a sham-operated group of animals there was 10% reduction
      of LCBF and 7% reduction of LCGU in the most affected areas as compared to the
      contralateral homologous regions. However, the ratio of LCGU/LCBF in the affected
      areas remained within normal limits. In the MCA-occluded animals, LCGU showed a
      bimodal response to decreased LCBF. LCGU decreased with reduced LCBF until LCBF
      fell to 38% of normal. Below this LCBF level LCGU increased, most likely implying
      anerobic glycolysis. Decline of tissue pH corresponds to the mismatch of LCBF and
      LCGU. These results suggest that brain tissue pH change cannot be predicted on
      the basis of LCBF or LCGU alone.

PMID- 4049448
TI  - Regional cerebral blood flow, glucose metabolism, protein synthesis, serum
      protein extravasation, and content of biochemical substrates in stroke-prone
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats with arterial blood pressure above
      210 mmHg were taken for the present study after appearance of neurological
      symptoms. Regional cerebral blood flow, glucose metabolism, and protein synthesis
      rate were evaluated on the same brain section by means of triple-labelled
      autoradiographic techniques. Consecutive sections were used in the pictorial
      presentation of glucose, ATP, and serum protein extravasation. In addition, NADH
      fluorescence was recorded. Two different patterns of hypertension-induced brain
      lesions could be distinguished: in two animals sharply demarcated cysts were
      visible in the cortical grey matter. In these animals no regional inhomogeneities
      of flow and metabolism were present remote from the infarct. In contrast, in
      three animals cysts were located in the white matter, leading to pronounced
      hemodynamic and metabolic disturbances throughout the brain. It is concluded that
      edema-induced brain swelling was the main cause for reduction in blood flow and
      metabolism.

PMID- 4049449
TI  - Reduction of neurologic deficit by 1,3-butanediol induced ketosis in levine rats.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine if 1,3-butanediol would reduce a
      neurologic deficit in rats exposed to ischemic-hypoxia (Levine rats). Age and
      weight matched male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with 2% halothane. The
      right common carotid and external jugular vein were ligated and cannulated and
      EEG screws were implanted followed by a 2 hour recovery period. Thirty minutes
      prior to exposure the rats received either 1,3-butanediol (47 mmole/kg i.v.; n =
      11) or an equal volume of saline (n = 10). The rats were then exposed to 4.5% O2
      until mean arterial blood pressure fell to 70 mm Hg. The oxygen level was then
      increased to 8% for 30 minutes, after which the rats were returned to room air.
      Posture, hemiparesis, circling, shuffling, activity, and ability to hang on to a
      vertical screen were scored 1 (normal) to 5 (severe deficit) at 2 and 20 hours
      after insult. The time to 70 mm Hg was extended from 7.9 +/- 0.9 min for saline
      treated rats to 19.0 +/- 2.3 min for the 1,3-butanediol treated rats (p less than
      0.001). All eleven 1,3-butanediol treated rats survived the hypoxic insult; 90%
      (9/10) saline treated rats died. In an attempt to reduce the insult, six
      additional saline treated rats were switched to 8% O2 at 75 mm Hg and still 4/6
      died. The mean score at 20 hours for three surviving saline treated rats was 3.4.
      A significantly better (p less than 0.002) mean 20 hour score for the surviving
      8/11 1,3-butanediol treated rats was 1.2. 1,3-butanediol increases survival and
      decreases the neurologic deficits associated with this ischemic-hypoxic insult.

PMID- 4049450
TI  - Brain metabolic changes in young vs aged rats during hypoxia.
AB  - Brain energy state and glycolytic metabolites were measured in young (6 month)
      and aged (28 month) male rats under normoxic (70% nitrous oxide, 30% oxygen) or
      hypoxic (PaO2 = 25 mm Hg) test conditions. Hypoxic ischemia was induced in one
      cerebral hemisphere by ligation of one carotid artery. Under normoxic test
      conditions brain energy metabolite concentrations were similar between young and
      aged rats. Brain tissue glucose, glycogen, glucose-6-phosphate and critic acid
      cycle intermediate concentrations were decreased in aged rats during normoxia
      while fructose-6-phosphate and pyruvate were increased. Decreases in brain energy
      state and increases in lactate/pyruvate ratios were significant in both young and
      aged rats during hypoxia and were greater in aged animals in hypoxic-ischemic
      tissues. These results indicate that brain energy state is normal in aged rats
      under normoxic conditions but that hypoxic-ischemia produces a greater degree of
      brain energy failure compared to younger animals.

PMID- 4049451
TI  - Measurement of cerebral blood flow during xenon inhalation as measured by the
      microspheres method.
AB  - Measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) were performed using the microsphere
      technique in non-human primates (baboons) to assess the effect of non-radioactive
      xenon gas inhalation on CBF. Blood flows in small tissue volumes (approximately 1
      cm3) were directly measured before and during the inhalation of xenon/oxygen gas
      mixtures. The results of these studies demonstrated that when inhaled in
      relatively high concentrations, xenon gas does increase CBF, but the changes are
      more global than tissue-specific. The problems and limitations of such
      evaluations are discussed.

PMID- 4049452
TI  - Topographical distribution of barrier function in cervico-cephalic arteries of
      dog. Major cerebral arteries possess definite barrier function?
AB  - Topographic distribution of barrier function in normal canine cervico-cephalic
      arteries was studied using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and Evans blue as
      tracers. The carotid sinus of the internal carotid artery (ICA) was conspicuously
      permeable to HRP when compared to other areas of major cervical arteries. The
      cavernous portion of the ICA also showed prominent permeation of HRP, especially
      through the outer surface, which is covered with venous endothelial cells. On the
      luminal side of the cavernous portion of the ICA, barrier deficiency was noted at
      angulated segments such as the carotid siphon. Intracranial segments of both ICA
      and vertebral arteries demonstrated incomplete barrier function of the first 1 to
      4 mm from the origin of the intradural segments. These areas were considered to
      be transitional sites in barrier function between extra- and intracranial
      arteries. Focal, but definite, barrier disruption was also noted at the distal
      ends of the ICA and other arterial branching sites of major intracranial
      arteries. While opening of the interendothelial junctions was considered to be
      one of the mechanisms causing increased permeability in the cavernous ICA, the
      mechanisms for the permeation of HRP into the major cerebral arteries could not
      be confirmed ultrastructurally.

PMID- 4049453
TI  - Amaurosis fugax as the presenting manifestation of dural arteriovenous
      malformation.
AB  - A 46-year-old woman under investigation for three episodes of amaurosis fugax in
      the left eye proved to have a left anterior-middle fossa dural arteriovenous
      malformation with pial venous drainage. The malformation received its main supply
      from the left middle meningeal artery, but its anterior part was fed by the
      recurrent meningeal branch of the left ophthalmic artery. Transient episodic
      lowering of retinal arterial pressure due to shunting of blood from the
      ophthalmic artery to the malformation is the most likely explanation for the
      occurrence of amaurosis fugax, indicating that this symptom occurs in some
      patients on a hemodynamic basis.

PMID- 4049454
TI  - Injury of the peripheral cranial nerves during carotid endarterectomy.
AB  - The incidence of local nerve injury among 192 consecutive carotid
      endarterectomies in 162 patients between 1977-1983 was determined from review of
      the medical records. Two facial nerve, 5 hypoglossal nerve, and 2 vagus nerve
      injuries were discovered for a total incidence of 4.7%. Only the 2 facial nerve
      injuries failed to improve over 2 years. Followup ranged from 1 to 60 months in
      this group of patients. Careful attention to details of tissue dissection at
      surgery should lower the incidence of nerve injury during carotid endarterectomy.

PMID- 4049455
TI  - Bilateral occlusions in the cervical portion of the internal carotid arteries in
      a child.
AB  - An 8-year-old boy with a history of recurrent tonsillitis and cervical
      lymphadenopathy developed acute hemiplegia. Cerebral angiography revealed
      bilateral occlusions of the cervical portion of the internal carotid arteries.
      Cerebral arterial occlusion in childhood has been attributed to many causes,
      e.g., trauma and infections of the neck. In the present case, though not clearly
      proved, inflammatory processes may have been related to the occlusion.

PMID- 4049456
TI  - Major embolic complications of open heart surgery and DDA.

PMID- 4049457
TI  - Asymptomatic carotid stenosis.

PMID- 4049458
TI  - Blood-brain barrier transport of CI-912: single-passage equilibration of
      erythrocyte-borne drug.
AB  - Brain capillary transit of CI-912 was studied in vivo after a single capillary
      transit by the intracarotid injection technique. Brain permeability of 14C-drug
      was measured relative to that of tritiated water, a highly diffusible reference
      substance. The brain uptake index of CI-912 was measured at concentrations
      ranging from 5 to 400 micrograms/ml in different regions of the rat brain. Brain
      uptake was not via a saturable, carrier-mediated mechanism, but was attributable
      to lipid-mediated transport. The octanol/saline partition coefficient determined
      in vitro was 3.9, and the blood-brain barrier permeability times surface area
      product was 0.26 ml min-1 g-1 (in vivo). In the rat brain, efflux of CI-912 after
      intracarotid injection was found to be minimal, suggesting that this drug is
      retained in brain tissues. This drug is weakly bound to plasma proteins (75-79%
      of the drug is freely dialyzable in 4% human serum albumin at 5 micrograms/ml),
      and protein binding does not affect brain uptake. In contrast, the drug is highly
      bound to erythrocytes. At concentrations that approximate the predicted optimum
      therapeutic range (6-40 micrograms/ml), it has been demonstrated that in addition
      to exchange of plasma-borne drug, erythrocyte-borne CI-912 is able to equilibrate
      across the blood-brain barrier in the course of a single transcapillary transit.
      Approximately one half of the drug gaining access to brain in a single
      transcapillary passage is erythrocyte-borne.

PMID- 4049459
TI  - Evaluation of amitriptyline pharmacokinetics during peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of amitriptyline were examined in five
      functionally anephric patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis (CAPD). The concentration of the parent drug and its major metabolite
      nortriptyline in plasma were measured by high performance liquid chromatography.
      Patients on CAPD did not have a significantly extended elimination half-life (t
      1/2) as compared to literature controls. However, the variation in t 1/2 was
      extremely large in both the CAPD and normal renal function groups (range 15-34 h
      and 24-70 h, respectively). No statistically significant change was observed (p
      less than 0.05). Although a major route of elimination was removed and there was
      no change in t 1/2, the drug levels in these patients should be closely monitored
      because of the large variability in patient metabolism.

PMID- 4049460
TI  - Experience with a computer-based technique for estimating pharmacokinetic
      constants from limited data.
AB  - A computer-based approach for estimating pharmacokinetic data and predicting
      plasma drug concentrations based on two measurements of plasma drug
      concentrations was compared with a standard two-point method for estimating
      aminoglycoside (AG) pharmacokinetic parameters. The computer-based technique was
      also used to predict a theophylline steady-state nadir from two preceding ones.
      The computer-based and standard two-point methods provided similar estimates for
      mean (+/- SD) values of elimination rate constant (lambda) (0.172 +/- 0.103 h-1
      and 0.179 +/- 0.010 h-1, respectively) and apparent volume of distribution (V)
      (22.7 +/- 9.9 L and 23.3 +/- 11.5 L, respectively). The mean (+/- SD) of
      predicted AG troughs was 1.3 +/- 0.5 mg/L for the standard method and 1.3 +/- 0.6
      mg/L for the computer-based method. Neither was significantly different from the
      actual AG trough mean of 1.3 +/- 0.7 mg/L. Both methods exhibited a slightly
      negative bias in their predictions of actual AG troughs. When applied to
      theophylline data from patients or subjects receiving multiple-dose theophylline,
      the computer-based method effectively predicted trough theophylline
      concentrations for three formulations of theophylline. Mean prediction errors
      ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 mg/L, and root mean squared error ranged from 1.1 to 1.2
      mg/L. This computer-based technique may be useful in dose individualization since
      relatively few constraints are placed on the type of data required for its
      application.

PMID- 4049461
TI  - Nomogram for bretylium dosing in renal impairment.
AB  - Bretylium (Bretylol), an antiarrhythmic agent, is currently being used in the
      prophylaxis and treatment of patients with life-threatening ventricular
      fibrillation and tachycardia not responsive to conventional therapy. Because
      bretylium has a delayed onset of action that commonly causes hypotension and may
      increase ventricular irritability, its use in patients (especially patients with
      renal impairment) must be exercised with caution. Our results show that the
      maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) observed at the end of bretylium infusion,
      when normalized to the dose, increases significantly as renal function
      diminishes. Significant reductions in renal and total body clearance of bretylium
      have been observed in patients with renal insufficiency. In order to minimize the
      risk of potential toxicity following multiple dosing in such patients, dosage
      adjustments are necessary. Based on correlations developed between the total body
      clearance of bretylium and renal function, we present a nomogram herein that can
      be effectively used for adjusting the dosage of bretylium in patients with renal
      impairment.

PMID- 4049462
TI  - Carbamazepine protein binding and disposition in pregnancy.
AB  - The pregnancies of five women with epilepsy treated with carbamazepine
      monotherapy were studied prospectively. Free and total serum concentrations of
      carbamazepine and its epoxide and dihydrodiol metabolites were analyzed at
      monthly intervals from the first trimester through 8 weeks postpartum. Assays
      were by high performance liquid chromatography, and free compounds were separated
      by ultrafiltration. The mean intrinsic clearance of carbamazepine (clearance of
      free drug corrected for changes in maternal body weight) did not change
      appreciably during pregnancy and the postpartum period. The mean free fractions
      of carbamazepine and the epoxide were elevated during pregnancy (0.25 and 0.50)
      compared with postpartum (0.22 and 0.43). Mean total maternal carbamazepine and
      epoxide concentrations were 40 and 48% higher than neonatal levels at birth, but
      maternal and neonatal free concentrations agreed closely. The ratio of epoxide to
      parent drug increased during pregnancy, as reported by other authors. Evidence is
      presented that this may be a result of inhibition of further biotransformation of
      the epoxide rather than of increased production. Two patients missed at least one
      dose of carbamazepine during labor, resulting in markedly reduced serum
      concentrations at delivery.

PMID- 4049463
TI  - Carbamazepine and carbamazepine-epoxide serum protein binding in newborn infants.
AB  - To evaluate the serum protein binding of carbamazepine (CBZ) and its active
      metabolite carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide (CBZ-E) in newborns, cord serum was
      obtained from 20 infants at the time of birth. Each of the samples was spiked to
      concentrations of CBZ 12 + CBZ-E 3 micrograms/ml, and CBZ 4 + CBZ-E 1
      micrograms/ml and then subjected to analysis for total and free drug
      concentrations. Total drug concentrations were determined by high pressure liquid
      chromatography (HPLC), and free drug concentrations were determined by
      ultrafiltration and subsequent HPLC. The mean percentage of CBZ unbound,
      calculated as (free drug concentration divided by total drug concentration) X
      100, was 30.6 and 29.8% at the high and low concentrations, respectively. Results
      for CBZ-E were 52.0 and 47.5% at the high and low concentrations, respectively.
      Compared with previously published values for protein binding in older children
      and adults, neonates appear to bind CBZ to a lesser degree and CBZ-E to the same
      degree. The lower binding of CBZ suggests that the therapeutic range of total CBZ
      in neonates may differ from that in older patients; however, this will have to be
      determined through clinical study. As previously demonstrated in older patients,
      CBZ and CBZ-E binding was variable. Monitoring of free CBZ serum concentrations
      in neonates appears advisable because of this variability.

PMID- 4049464
TI  - Lateral gaze nystagmus in carbamazepine-treated epileptic patients: correlation
      with total and free plasma concentrations of parent drug and its 10,11-epoxide
      metabolite.
AB  - The incidence of lateral gaze nystagmus and its correlation with free and total
      plasma concentrations of carbamazepine (CBZ) and carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide
      (CBZ-E) were examined in 97 epileptic patients receiving chronic treatment with
      CBZ alone (n = 54) or in combination with phenobarbital (PB) (n = 43). All
      patients had plasma CBZ concentrations within the clinically optimal range (less
      than 50 mumol/L). Nystagmus was seen in 26% of patients receiving monotherapy and
      in 33% receiving combination therapy. Within each group, however, nystagmus was
      much more frequent among patients with higher CBZ concentrations. For patients
      receiving PB in combination the CBZ levels above which nystagmus was particularly
      frequent appeared to be lower than in the monotherapy patients--a finding that
      could not be attributed to differences in plasma PB concentrations. The
      correlation of CBZ-E levels (or the sum of CBZ + CBZ-E) with the occurrence of
      nystagmus was no better than that observed with CBZ levels alone. Free drug
      levels did not appear to be superior to total levels in discriminating between
      patients with or without nystagmus. These results indicate that the occurrence of
      nystagmus is concentration-dependent within the therapeutic plasma CBZ
      concentration range and suggest that the threshold at which this neurological
      sign appears is reduced in the presence of PB, possibly as a result of a
      pharmacodynamic interaction.

PMID- 4049465
TI  - Extent of urinary excretion of p-hydroxyphenytoin in healthy subjects given
      phenytoin.
AB  - Urinary excretion of p-hydroxyphenytoin and its glucuronide conjugate was
      measured in eight healthy young adults in a comparative bioavailability study of
      oral sodium phenytoin (approximately 5 mg/kg/dose). Among these subjects the
      percentage of the phenytoin dose converted to p-hydroxyphenytoin and appearing in
      urine was relatively similar (mean 79%, range 67-88%). The great majority of the
      p-hydroxyphenytoin appeared in urine as conjugates; only 1.4-3.4% of the excreted
      p-hydroxyphenytoin was in the form of unconjugated metabolite. The proportion of
      a single phenytoin dose excreted in urine as p-hydroxyphenytoin or its conjugate
      increased from the first dose (mean +/- SD) 74.9 +/- 4.6% to the second dose,
      given 2 weeks later 79.3 +/- 4.6% (p less than 0.05). This finding suggests that
      autoinduction of phenytoin metabolism may occur after relatively brief exposure
      to the drug.

PMID- 4049466
TI  - Organization and efficacy of a therapeutic drug monitoring consultation service
      in a pediatric hospital.
AB  - On July 1, 1982, a therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) consultation service was
      instituted in the hope of improving the decision-making of clinicians with
      respect to drug therapy. Thirteen different drugs are monitored daily, with an
      average load of 1,600 inpatient samples per month. The team consists of clinical
      pharmacology fellows and staff who are available 7 days a week to monitor all
      drug levels that are outside the putative therapeutic range. In order to evaluate
      the efficacy of this service in preventing development of potentially toxic drug
      concentrations, the TDM data from July 1982 to December 1983 have been reviewed.
      The percentage of toxic levels from the total sample load was significantly lower
      in the period of July-December 1983 compared with July-December 1982 at the
      beginning of the service (2.25% vs. 4.25%, p less than 0.01). Since January 1983,
      the percentage has been maintained at less than 3%. A TDM consultation service
      can help to optimize the use of drug monitoring data by physicians and may lead
      to improved prescribing in a hospital setting.

PMID- 4049467
TI  - Experience with a specific request form for antidepressant drug monitoring.
AB  - With the introduction of an antidepressant drug monitoring service in this
      hospital, it became necessary to have a completed request form prior to analysis.
      The importance of ordering these tests selectively and of basic pharmacokinetics
      for antidepressants was stressed through special lectures and a newsletter. This
      study was undertaken to assess whether the use of this form assisted in
      optimizing drug monitoring of antidepressants. Information provided on the form
      was used to assist in interpretative reporting and to improve clinical use of the
      results. Requested information included the name, age, sex, height, and weight of
      the patient; time of last dose; date therapy started at present dose; reason for
      the request; and a list of concurrent medications. Results obtained for 600
      specimens in 18 months showed that the form was completed fully, sampling time
      was appropriate, and drug concentration was at steady state 82, 73, and 95% of
      the time, respectively. Major reasons for requesting analysis were suspicion of
      subtherapeutic (52%), uncertain (20%), above therapeutic (15%), and toxic (10%)
      ranges. The most popular monitoring requests were for imipramine (40%), doxepin
      (28%), amitriptyline (14%), and desipramine (11%). Clinical impression of
      efficacy in the treatment of endogenous depression agreed with plasma levels 60%
      of the time in the subtherapeutic range, but agreement was only 32% above the
      therapeutic range. It was concluded that a special request form helps to assure
      appropriate sampling, explain observed drug interactions, and facilitate
      interpretative reporting for the medical and nursing staff.

PMID- 4049468
TI  - Aminoglycoside monitoring: timing of peak levels is critical.
AB  - Recommendations for optimal therapeutic peak concentrations of aminoglycosides
      are often not differentiated with respect to duration of infusion and timing of
      peak sample thereafter. To document the relevance of the timing, 139 dose
      intervals were analyzed in 58 patients during administration of gentamicin,
      amikacin, and netilmicin. Serum concentrations measured immediately after 30-min
      infusions were compared with concentrations obtained 90 min later (2 h values).
      The ratio of 30 min/2 h concentrations showed considerable variability. This
      ratio was less than 1.5 in 15% of the dose intervals analyzed and greater than 3
      in 8% of the intervals. The poor correlation between concentrations measured at
      30 min and at 2 h was documented by the coefficients of variation of 0.82, 0.30,
      and 0.67 for gentamicin, amikacin, and netilmicin, respectively. This variability
      was not explained by interindividual differences, renal function, or drug half
      life. However, the initial decrease in concentrations was significantly lower in
      patients with impaired renal function (p less than 0.001). These data suggest
      that timing is critical for the sampling of serum to determine peak levels in
      patients and the definition of optimal therapeutic concentrations.

PMID- 4049469
TI  - Evidence supporting 3(S)-3-hydroxyquinidine-associated cardiotoxicity.

PMID- 4049470
TI  - Rapid protein determinations on ultrafiltrates prepared for free phenytoin
      quantification.
AB  - Ultrafiltration techniques for the separation of bound and free ligand are
      dependent on minimal amounts of protein-bound drug leakage through the membrane
      devices. A dye-impregnated test strip protein assay (Chemstrip-9) provides a
      rapid, visual assessment of membrane protein leakage. The test strips are
      sensitive to 200 mg/L of albumin in ultrafiltrates and do not react with as much
      as 4 mg/L of phenytoin.

PMID- 4049471
TI  - Analysis of 6-mercaptopurine in serum or plasma using high performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - The analysis of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) by a rapid, sensitive, and specific high
      performance liquid chromatographic assay is described. This method does not
      require any derivatization and allows for direct quantitation of the drug. Only
      200 microliters of serum or plasma is needed, and concentrations as low as 10
      ng/ml can be reliably quantitated. Analytical recoveries of 83% for 6-MP and 71%
      for the internal standard, 6-thioguanine, are obtained. Between-day precision
      studies at three plasma concentrations of 6-MP produce a mean coefficient of
      variation of 7.2%. This assay will be clinically useful for pharmacokinetic
      studies of 6-MP in patients in remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 4049472
TI  - Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic determination of
      nifedipine in human plasma.
AB  - A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method is presented by
      which the calcium channel blocker, nifedipine (NFP), may be measured in human
      serum using 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol as an internal standard. A mobile phase of
      phosphate buffer (0.01 M, pH 6.1)/methanol/acetonitrile (20:35:45) passed through
      a muBondapak C-18 column at 1.0 ml/min produced symmetrical bands for nifedipine
      and internal standard. A rapid and simple chloroform extraction of NFP from 1 ml
      serum samples proved to be efficient and reproducible. Recovery over a
      concentration range of 5-100 ng/ml was 92.3 +/- 5.1% (mean +/- SD, n = 6).
      Ultraviolet absorbance detection at 235 nm was sensitive to serum NFP
      concentrations of 5 ng/ml. Between-day coefficients of variation at 100 and 5
      ng/ml were 4.0 and 11.4%, respectively (n = 10). Serum concentration data from
      NFP-treated subjects are presented.

PMID- 4049473
TI  - Quantitative liquid chromatography of allopurinol and oxypurinol in human plasma
      and urine.
AB  - A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay is described for
      allopurinol and oxypurinol determination in human plasma and urine, in the range
      expected during therapy. The procedure involves addition of trichloroacetic acid
      to samples, followed by centrifugation. The supernatant is then neutralized and
      analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC. Characteristics of the method are reported, and
      data are presented on its application to the pharmacokinetics studies. Separation
      is optimal with an octadecylsilane (ODS) stationary phase and a sodium acetate
      mobile phase adjusted to pH 7.2 for plasma and pH 5 for urine.

PMID- 4049474
TI  - Determination of warfarin in human plasma by high performance liquid
      chromatography and photodiode array detector.
AB  - A simple liquid chromatographic method for the determination of warfarin in human
      plasma is described. The method involves precipitation of plasma proteins with
      acetonitril. No further processing of samples is required. The supernatant was
      analyzed on a short (10 cm) 3-microns reversed-phase column eluted with 23%
      acetonitril in 100 mM ammonium formate, pH 3.5. The method takes advantage of the
      fact that warfarin dissolved in this mobile phase has a characteristic absorbance
      spectrum with distinct peaks at 271, 281, and 305 nm. Using an online photodiode
      array detector, the UV spectrum could be recorded during analysis without
      interrupting the flow of the mobile phase. This spectral information improves
      identification possibilities and evaluation of the purity of the chromatographic
      peaks. Warfarin was separated from other UV-absorbing compounds in plasma in less
      than 3 min, and there was no interference from numerous drugs given to patients.
      The standard curve (305 nm) was linear in the concentration range observed after
      oral intake of the single dose of warfarin and for a time corresponding to
      several half-lives. The detection limit of the method was about 0.1 microgram/ml
      when the absorbance was recorded at 305 nm. At this wavelength, the solvent front
      was small relative to that observed at lower wavelengths. The precision of the
      method, given as coefficient of variation, was 6.4%. The method was used for the
      determination of plasma half-lives of R- and S-warfarin in humans.

PMID- 4049475
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for clonidine in human plasma and urine using a solid phase
      second antibody separation.
AB  - A reliable, sensitive, and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure for the
      quantitation of clonidine in plasma and other biological fluids was developed.
      The detection limit of the assay is 2 pg based on a 200 microliters sample. Nine
      commonly used drugs were found not to interfere with the RIA. The utility of the
      assay was demonstrated in a bioavailability study of clonidine conducted with 24
      healthy subjects. Clonidine was readily quantitated in plasma over 4 half-lives.
      This assay is suitable for pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies as well as
      therapeutic drug monitoring of patients.

PMID- 4049476
TI  - Assessment of blood collection systems for the high performance liquid
      chromatography measurement of propranolol.
AB  - The effect of blood collection devices on the high performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) measurement of propranolol was assessed. Blood was
      collected from hypertensive patients treated with propranolol for at least 7
      days. Two venipunctures (opposite arm technique) were performed on each patient
      using the reference (syringe/silanized, ethylene diamintetraacetate tubes)
      procedure and the Vacutainer Brand Tubes (lavender-, royal blue-, green-, and red
      stoppered) that were free of tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate. Propranolol
      concentrations were determined utilizing a published HPLC procedure. This study
      showed that in the four evacuated tubes, propranolol concentrations in serum or
      plasma were highly correlated to those of the reference procedure (correlation
      coefficients, 0.986 to 0.997; and slope, 0.912 to 1.013). Mean propranolol
      concentrations of the red-stoppered tube serum were lower (7.5%) than that of the
      reference syringe (0.01 less than p less than 0.05). Thus, lavender-, royal blue
      , green-, and red-stoppered tubes would be acceptable for propranolol monitoring.

PMID- 4049477
TI  - Measurement of vitamin E in serum and plasma by high performance liquid
      chromatography with electrochemical detection.
AB  - A deficiency of vitamin E has been associated with a wide variety of pathological
      conditions, many of them involving neonates. Previously published methods for the
      quantitation of vitamin E require large sample volumes as well as extensive
      extraction and concentration procedures. The present work describes a method for
      the quantitation of vitamin E in small volumes (less than or equal to 50
      microliters) of serum or plasma without the need for extraction or concentration
      of the sample. With further optimization, even smaller volumes (less than or
      equal to 10 microliters) can be employed. Sample preparation consisted of
      precipitation of plasma proteins with absolute ethanol. After centrifugation, a
      small volume (10 to 50 microliters) of the supernatant was injected directly onto
      the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column. A dual channel
      electrochemical detector was used for quantitation of the vitamin E. Pooled serum
      or plasma was used to determine within-day (8.43 +/- 0.19 mg/L) and between-day
      (8.49 +/- 0.34 mg/L) precision. Analytical recovery of added vitamin E (4-16
      mg/L) averaged 102 +/- 7.0%. No interfering peaks were observed. Linearity was
      demonstrated over 0.5 to 800 ng. Vitamin E acetate is not detected by this
      method. HPLC with electrochemical detection is a highly sensitive and specific
      method for the quantitation of vitamin E in plasma or serum. This procedure is
      rapid and simple, and can be performed with very small sample volumes.

PMID- 4049478
TI  - Daily variations in plasma levels of lidocaine during local anaesthesia in dental
      practice.

PMID- 4049479
TI  - The C57BL/6 nu/nu lpr/lpr mouse. II. Pedigree and preliminary characteristics.
AB  - A short-cut procedure is described which allows to construct new mouse strains
      which are double congenic for the nu gene (nude, athymic) and the lpr gene
      (lymphoproliferation). Since both nu and lpr genes are recessive and that the
      lack of thymus impairs the expression of the lpr phenotype in euthymic animals,
      the homozygosity of nude animals for the lpr gene was based on the results of
      progeny analyses. A C57BL/6 nu/nu lpr/lpr (B6 nu/nu, lpr/lpr) was made in four
      generations starting from C57BL/6 nu/nu (B6 nu/nu) and C57BL/6 lpr/lpr (B6
      lpr/lpr). This possibility stems from an absence of close linkage of the nu and
      lpr genes. The emergence of the nude phenotype at the different steps of the
      pedigree was less frequent than expected if the nu and lpr genes were completely
      independent. However, this is probably due to environmental factors causing a
      negative selection of nude littermates. The B6 nu/nu lpr/lpr represents a new
      important tool for the study of how the thymus modulates the lpr gene controlled
      acceleration of autoimmunity. Preliminary data indicate that the lpr phenotype
      (massive lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly accompanied by severe auto-immune
      disease with features of systemic lupus erythematosus) appears when a thymus is
      grafted to the B6 nu/nu lpr/lpr.

PMID- 4049480
TI  - [Retirement from work; consequences for well-being. A longitudinal analysis].
AB  - Both empirical research and gerontological theories lead to diverging opinions on
      the effects of finishing the labour process on well-being. On the basis of
      longitudinal data this paper concludes that the well-being of older persons who
      retired from the job in the period 1976-1982 did not clearly decrease more than
      persons who continued working in that period of time. This result still holds in
      a regression-analysis in which a number of relevant factors are kept constant.

PMID- 4049481
TI  - New concepts in the etiology of osteoporosis.

PMID- 4049482
TI  - When to write.

PMID- 4049483
TI  - Estimation of transfused red cell survival using an enzyme-linked antiglobulin
      test.
AB  - An enzyme-linked antiglobulin test (ELAT) method was developed to estimate
      survival of transfused red cells. This procedure is based on a principle
      analogous to that of the Ashby technique were antigenically distinct red cells
      are transfused and their survival studied. We compared the ELAT survival to the
      51Chromium method (51Cr) in four patients. Three patients with hypoproliferative
      anemias showed T 1/2 by ELAT of 17.5, 18, and 17 days versus 18.5, 20, and 19
      days by the 51Cr method. A fourth patient with traumatic cardiac hemolysis had
      two studies performed. In this case, the ELAT showed a T 1/2 of 10 and 8.1 days
      while 51Cr T 1/2 values were 11 and 10.5 days. The ELAT method for measuring red
      cell survival yielded data which agreed closely with the results of the 51Cr
      method. Although 51Cr is the accepted method for red cell survival, the ELAT
      method can be used to estimate transfused red cell survival.

PMID- 4049484
TI  - Performance of the indirect antiglobulin test does not show a circadian rhythm.
AB  - Performance of the indirect antiglobulin test by workers in a blood bank was
      examined for signs of a rhythmical relationship between the time of day and the
      frequency of error. All participants were experienced in blood group serology and
      completed sets of 12 antiglobulin tests at 4-hour intervals over a 24-hour
      period. Ten of the original 17 participants repeated the experiment after an
      interval of 7 months. About 50 percent of participants made more errors in the
      daytime or the nighttime in each experiment; however, these groups were unstable
      and contained different individuals in each experiment. Significant (p less than
      or equal to 0.05) time-related cosinor rhythms could be demonstrated for four
      individuals in one experiment, but this finding was not reproduced in a second
      experiment. There was no indication that the amount of sleep deprivation which
      occurred had a significant influence on the investigation, and the individual
      frequencies of error at 0800 hours appeared to be a stable individual
      characteristic. The results highlight the importance of examining workplace
      related performance as an individual rather than a group phenomenon.

PMID- 4049485
TI  - Cold reacting antibodies recognizing antigens dependent on N-acetylneuraminic
      acid.
AB  - Serum from a 75-year-old man with lymphoproliferative disease was found to
      contain a persistent cold agglutinin meeting most of the characteristics of
      examples of anti-Gd reported previously. It differed, however, in that it
      contained IgG and IgM components and its reactivity was not inhibited by
      sialyllactose. A search of random serums containing cold agglutinins was
      undertaken to determine the incidence of antibodies to antigens dependent on N
      acetylneuraminic acid. Two further examples were found in 47 serums containing
      cold agglutinins. One of these also demonstrated a Gd or "Gd-like" specificity.
      The other appeared to be an anti-Pr.

PMID- 4049486
TI  - Platelet factor 4 release from the platelets stored in platelet concentrates.
AB  - Many consider that granular components of platelets should remain intact during
      storage of platelet concentrates (PCs) in order to participate in hemostasis when
      infused. The present investigations were done to determine factors affecting the
      release of an alpha-granular component, platelet factor 4 (PF-4), from platelets
      stored as PCs. Sedimentation of the pelleted platelet button and stronger flat
      bed agitation induced a significant PF-4 release. After 1 day of storage at 22
      degrees C, the percent PF-4 release correlated roughly with a pH fall in PCs (r =
      0.520, y = 0.014 + 7.204). Rates of pH fall were roughly proportional to the
      platelet count. In addition, there was a positive relationship between PF-4
      release and the platelet count per unit volume (r = 0.615, y = 0.045 + 1.327).
      The results indicated that one of the critical factors which determines the
      amount of PF-4 release during storage is concentrated pH. Lowering the platelet
      count per unit volume in PCs is better for the maintenance of granular components
      in platelets during storage because of the intact platelet metabolism.

PMID- 4049487
TI  - Exposure of newborn infants to plasticizers. Plasma levels of di-(2-ethylhexyl)
      phthalate and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate during exchange transfusion.
AB  - The exposure of newborn infants to the plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
      (DEHP) and its primary metabolite mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) was
      studied during exchange transfusions by measuring their contents in the infused
      blood. Plasma concentrations of DEHP and MEHP in the blood withdrawn from the
      infants during the transfusions also were determined. The amounts of DEHP and
      MEHP inadvertently infused varied from 1.7 to 4.2 and 0.2 to 0.7 mg per kg body
      weight, respectively. Immediately after the transfusions, the plasma levels of
      DEHP in the individual infants varied between 3.4 and 11.1 micrograms per ml.
      MEHP in the corresponding samples ranged from 2.4 to 15.1 micrograms per ml.
      Judging from plasma concentrations of DEHP and MEHP during and after transfusion,
      there was no gradual accumulation of these substances in the plasma during the
      course of the transfusion. In the two infants who underwent a second exchange
      transfusion, significant levels of phthalates were found at 16 and 23 hours,
      respectively, after the first transfusion. Plasma concentrations of DEHP in these
      infants declined at a faster rate than those of MEHP, thus pointing to the
      importance of examining the pharmacokinetics of this potentially toxic
      metabolite.

PMID- 4049488
TI  - Results of a Delphi poll to describe the necessary competencies of blood bank
      physicians.

PMID- 4049489
TI  - The Lui elution technique. A simple and efficient method for eluting ABO
      antibodies.
AB  - The Lui elution and the heat elution techniques are the most simple techniques
      available for eluting antibodies from red cells. Both are very effective for
      eluting ABO antibodies. We compared the two techniques and found the Lui
      technique superior in that it more efficiently eluted ABO antibodies, required
      less hands-on time, and allowed more flexibility in the procedure. We therefore
      recommend the Lui elution technique as the method of choice for eluting ABO
      antibodies, especially for the evaluation of hemolytic disease of the newborn.

PMID- 4049490
TI  - Uneventful plasma exchange with albumin replacement in a patient with a previous
      anaphylactoid reaction to albumin.
AB  - A patient who had a previous anaphylactoid reaction to albumin required plasma
      exchange for myasthenia gravis. She was rechallenged with albumin from a
      different manufacturer after premedication with diphenhydramine. No adverse
      reaction occurred during five exchanges over a 10-day period. Possible pathogenic
      mechanisms and prevention of such reactions are discussed.

PMID- 4049491
TI  - Analysis of saline-washed red cells for transfusion to neonatal patients.
AB  - A protocol was developed under which washed red cells were used to provide small
      volume transfusions for neonatal patients (under 4 months of age). Two pediatric
      units, each containing approximately 135 ml of red cells, were prepared from a
      freshly collected unit of group O Rh-negative whole blood. Units not more than 6
      days old were washed with 1l of 0.9 percent NaCl in a blood cell processor.
      Aliquots of the washed red cells were drawn into labeled syringes for transfusion
      to neonatal patients. Data collected from 40 units of washed red cells prepared
      according to this protocol showed 83 percent red cell recovery, and satisfactory
      reduction in white cells, plasma proteins, extracellular potassium, red cell
      metabolic waste products, and anticoagulant. Over 5 years, a total of 2085
      different neonatal patients received 7875 separate transfusions prepared from
      1860 units of washed red cells. The clinical response was excellent, and no
      suspected reactions were reported.

PMID- 4049492
TI  - Quantitation of red cell-bound IgG.

PMID- 4049493
TI  - Preservation of red cell antigens during storage of blood with different
      anticoagulants.

PMID- 4049494
TI  - A plea for critical thought.

PMID- 4049495
TI  - In(Lu): SYN-1 notation.

PMID- 4049496
TI  - Autologous transfusion in Jehovah's Witnesses.

PMID- 4049497
TI  - Drug-induced tolerance to allografts in mice. VIII. Effects of thymectomy and/or
      splenectomy on tolerance induction in an H-2-haplotype-identical strain
      combination.

PMID- 4049498
TI  - Potentiation of cyclosporine by verapamil in vitro.

PMID- 4049499
TI  - Monoclonal antibody radioimmunodetection of transplant rejection.

PMID- 4049500
TI  - The possible relationship between hepatic drug metabolism and ketoconazole
      enhancement of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 4049501
TI  - Acute poisoning in the emergency room in Lagos University Teaching Hospital.
AB  - This paper reviews 146 cases of acute poisoning seen and treated by us at the
      adult accident and emergency centre of Lagos University Teaching Hospital,
      Nigeria, between 1979 and 1982. Barbiturates (19%) and benzodiazepines (17%) were
      the commonest drugs used in acute poisoning. The highest incidence (41%) was
      found among persons aged 18-25 years. There were 67 males and 79 females (1:1.2).
      About 14% took a "cocktail" of more than one drug. Self-poisoning occurred in
      74%; 8.6% were apparently suicidal; 15.8% were accidental; and 1.4% were
      homicidal. Fifty of the patients (33%) were unconscious on admission. The
      centre's management technique is briefly discussed and the need for a poisons
      information centre in the country is highlighted.

PMID- 4049502
TI  - Clinical pattern of chronic cor pulmonale in Zaria, Nigeria: a ten-year review.

PMID- 4049503
TI  - Vaginal trichomoniasis at a sexually transmitted disease clinic at Khartoum.
AB  - At a sexually transmitted disease clinic at Khartoum 613 Sudanese women
      presenting with vaginal discharge were investigated. Specimens were examined by
      microscopy and culture. Trichomonas vaginalis infestation was found in 123
      patients (20.1%), predominantly in the age groups 16-19 years (27.1%) and 46-65
      years (27%). Frequency of trichomonal vaginitis was highest (35.9%) among
      divorced women. Of the pregnant women investigated, 16.3% were found to harbour
      the parasite. There was no significant difference in the parity of parasitized
      and non-parasitized patients.

PMID- 4049505
TI  - Strangulated hernia in rural Africa.

PMID- 4049504
TI  - Rupture of the gravid uterus.

PMID- 4049506
TI  - External cephalic version. Is it still justified in developing countries?

PMID- 4049507
TI  - Tubal ligation with local anaesthesia.

PMID- 4049508
TI  - Nutritional blindness--xerophthalmia.

PMID- 4049509
TI  - Cataract surgery in developing countries.

PMID- 4049510
TI  - Physician as architect. The new demands of preventive medicine.

PMID- 4049511
TI  - Medico-veterinary collaboration. A review of its importance and relevance,
      especially in the tropics.
AB  - There is a need for closer collaboration between the medical and veterinary
      professions, particularly in tropical countries. Fields in which such liaison is
      likely to prove most fruitful are zoonoses and public health, nutrition and
      disease prevention and the production and study of animal models of human
      disease.

PMID- 4049512
TI  - Changing concepts in community health education.

PMID- 4049513
TI  - Colour coding of labels for essential drugs.

PMID- 4049514
TI  - Paper measuring cups. Origami and oral rehydration.

PMID- 4049515
TI  - Primary health care and Protestant medical missionaries in Kenya.

PMID- 4049516
TI  - Okorogu syndrome. A clinical reminder that local epidemics of influenza are
      common in Africa.

PMID- 4049517
TI  - [Role of endothelial and perivascular cells in the capillarogenesis of epiphysial
      cartilage channels].
AB  - Capillaries growing into cartilaginous epiphysis are protocapillaries, some of
      which are formed by "seamless" endothelium. Budding of endotheliocytes and
      presence of two nuclei in them are supposed to be the characters of incomplete
      (polyploidization) mitosis.

PMID- 4049518
TI  - [Mitotic cycle of a HeLa cell culture exposed to the maximum permissible
      concentrations of trace elements].
AB  - It is shown that administration of certain trace elements in maximum allowable
      concentrations induces changes in metabolism and functionation of cells in the
      culture. Zinc, nickel, cobalt, cadmium and fluorine are stated to inhibit mitotic
      activity of HeLa cells by the end of 24 hours of their action. Parallel with this
      they promote a decrease in H3-thymidine incorporation into DNA. Besides these
      substances delay various stages of the mitotic cycle for cells.

PMID- 4049519
TI  - [Cytoplasmic ultrastructure of human female germ cells at prefollicular
      developmental stages].
AB  - Ultrastructural analysis revealed certain peculiarities of the cytoplasmic
      organoid behaviour at all the stages of prefollicular development of female fetal
      ovarian cells.

PMID- 4049520
TI  - [Susceptibility to damage of human lymphocyte chromosomes in different stages of
      the mitotic cycle when exposed to fast neutrons with an average energy of 6 MeV].
AB  - Cytogenetic susceptibility of human lymphocytes in the culture to lesion is
      studied under the effect of neutrons with 6 MeV energy at different stages of the
      mitotic cycle. Radiosensitivity of human lymphocytes under the influence of gamma
      quanta and neutrons is found to vary identically during the whole cycle. These
      variations are less expressed in the case of neutron irradiation. The data allow
      concluding that the repair system functions most actively at the S stage in case
      of both types of radiation.

PMID- 4049522
TI  - [Functional characteristics of the adenylate cyclase system of developing
      skeletal muscles in the rat].
AB  - The functional development of hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase system of rat
      skeletal muscles was studied. It was shown that within 15-17 embryonic days the
      plasma membrane of the muscle cell contains catecholamine-sensitive adenylate
      cyclase (isoproterenol greater than epinephrine greater than norepinephrine)
      which on these ontogenetic stages is represented by functionally active
      catalytic, regulatory and receptory components. The coupling component, which,
      according to the authors' view, is presumably an independent (fourth) functional
      subunit of adenylate cyclase system, is formed only in the postnatal period. A
      suggestion is put forward that the above process is due to the fact that guanyl
      nucleotide-binding protein(s) responsible in the mature target cell for the
      coupling of receptory and catalytic components may appear in the membrane only
      after birth.

PMID- 4049521
TI  - [Clinical case of tandem translocation between chromosomes 13 and 15].
AB  - Cytogenetic and clinical examination of a patient (girl) with tandem
      translocation between chromosomes 13 and 15 was carried out. Translocation
      resulted in a partial loss of the genetic material between chromosomes 15 and 13.
      The problem on karyotype and phenotype relations with the loss of the respective
      chromosome regions is discussed.

PMID- 4049523
TI  - [Alkaline phosphatase activity of normal and transformed cultured human cells].
AB  - A study was made of the relationship between the activity of alkaline phosphatase
      and the proliferation of cultured human cells with different replicative
      potentials. It is shown that alkaline phosphatase plays a role as one of
      endogenic stimulators of cellular proliferation. The ageing of diploid cells is
      accompanied by a decrease in the enzyme activity. Maximum activity was observed
      during a period of logarithmic cell growth. Addition of placental alkaline
      phosphatase to the synchronized diploid cells stimulated DNA synthesis in the S
      phase of the cell cycle. Heteroploid cells with a high growth rate possessed a 30
      100 times higher alkaline phosphatase activity than in the diploid cells. Under
      certain conditions alkaline phosphatase may presumably function as a
      proteinkinase.

PMID- 4049524
TI  - [Use of cell enucleation in studying the stability of cytoplasmic organelles and
      cytoplasm organization].
AB  - A study was made of the viability and ultrastructure of cytoplasts produced by
      enucleation of cytochalasin-induced A9 cells in suspension. These cytoplasts are
      in general as viable as cells enucleated in the monolayer. The organization of
      the cytoplasm, i.e. a specific distribution of cytoplasmic organelles, is
      conserved for at least 24 hours in the absence of the nucleus. This fact may
      reflect a high degree of autonomy of the cytoskeleton.

PMID- 4049525
TI  - [Isozymes of NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase in normal and tumor tissues
      of various mouse strains and their hybrids].
AB  - Normal tissues of DBA, CBA, CC57W, C3H, Balb/c, SHR mice and F1 hybrids CC57W/DBA
      appeared to differ in the ratios of mitochondrial and supernatant NADP-dependent
      isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). Tested inbred mice strains CC57W, C3H, SHR,
      Balb/c contain allelic form Idh-1a of supernatant IDH gene Idh-1, whereas allelic
      form Idh-1b is characteristic of mice strains DBA and CBA. In tumors IDH isozymes
      have the same mobility as do isozymes of homologous normal tissues; but their
      activity is lower. A high variability of each isozyme activity in the isozyme
      spectrum is revealed in various tissues of F1 hybrids CC57W/DBA. Allelic forms of
      gene Idh-1 were used as markers of normal and tumor cells for the experimental
      model: transplantation of sarcoma 37 (Idh-1a/Idh-1a) to subcutaneous tissue of
      the mouse strain DBA (Idh-1b/Idh-1b). It enables us to reveal isozymes of stromal
      cell in tumor IDH isozyme spectrum. The results indicate that the relation of
      normal and tumor isozymes vary in different tumors.

PMID- 4049526
TI  - A new diagnostic test for tuberculous meningitis.

PMID- 4049527
TI  - Treatment of local complications of BCG vaccination.

PMID- 4049528
TI  - Tuberculosis in Tanzania--a national survey of newly notified cases.
      Tanzanian/British Medical Research Council Collaborative Study.
AB  - A survey was carried out in 1978/80 in the same random sample of districts in
      Tanzania that were surveyed in 1969, to obtain information on: the proportions of
      patients with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis; the proportion of
      patients with bacteriologically-positive pulmonary tuberculosis; the proportion
      of patients with initial drug resistance; the radiographic extent of pulmonary
      disease; the changes that had occurred in these factors since 1969, and the
      results of therapy achieved by the routine treatment services. Of 2242 patients
      in this survey, 91.5% had pulmonary tuberculosis only, 0.6% had both extra
      pulmonary and pulmonary tuberculosis and 7.9% had extra-pulmonary tuberculosis
      only. Of the 191 patients with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, 39% had lymph node
      involvement, 26% bone or joint disease and 19% a pleural effusion. Of the 2064
      patients with pulmonary (with or without extra-pulmonary) tuberculosis 96.2% had
      no history of previous chemotherapy. The proportion for the patients with extra
      pulmonary tuberculosis only was similar. A sputum specimen was produced by 1006
      (62%) of the patients aged 10 years or more with pulmonary tuberculosis; 77.2% of
      smear results were positive, as were 68.3% of the culture results. In every
      patient with identification test results the strain was Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis. Of 555 patients with no history of previous chemotherapy and a
      sensitivity test result available, 10.1% had a strain resistant to isoniazid
      and/or streptomycin, namely, 7.6% to isoniazid alone, 0.7% to streptomycin alone
      and 1.8% to both drugs. Of the 1161 patients with chest radiographs available and
      a diagnosis in Tanzania of pulmonary tuberculosis, a lung lesion or a pleural
      effusion was reported at independent assessment in London for 82% of patients
      aged 15 years or more and for 16% of patients under 15 years of age. For the
      patients with a pulmonary lesion, the total extent of disease was greater than 1
      lung in 37% of adults and 39% of children and cavitation was present in 55% of
      adults and 21% of children. A comparison of the pretreatment data in 1978/80 with
      those from the 1969 survey showed that they were broadly similar in most
      respects. The results of therapy at one year or later were assessed for 413
      patients who had had bacteriological confirmation of their disease in the
      reference laboratory on admission. At follow-up 40% had a negative culture and a
      further 9% were reported to be cured without bacteriological
      confirmation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4049529
TI  - Tuberculosis in an Indochinese refugee camp: epidemiology, management and
      therapeutic results.
AB  - In a 3-year period tuberculosis was diagnosed in 629 patients in Thailand's
      largest camp for Kampuchean refugees: 62% had pulmonary disease and 38%
      extrapulmonary forms. Tuberculosis of lymph nodes was the most important
      extrapulmonary manifestation (50%). The mean annual notification rates were 0.5%
      and 0.24% for all forms and smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis respectively.
      There was a steep rise in the annual notification rate with increasing age. A 6
      month course of fully supervised chemotherapy efficiently counteracted
      defaulting, early absconding and initial drug resistance. Seventy-three per cent
      of all patients remained on chemotherapy for the planned period; only 2% of the
      smear-positive patients failed bacteriologically on chemotherapy. Of the patients
      with the most common forms of extrapulmonary disease, 90% showed a favourable
      response to chemotherapy.

PMID- 4049530
TI  - A study of vitamin D levels in Indonesian patients with untreated pulmonary
      tuberculosis.
AB  - The levels of serum vitamin D, measured as 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3),
      among 40 Indonesian patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 38 healthy controls
      were very similar. In both groups the distribution of the serum 25-OHD3 levels
      were bimodal with about a quarter of the individuals belonging to the group with
      higher levels. There was a tendency for controls in this group to be tuberculin
      negative and for patients in this group to have less extensive active pulmonary
      disease. Although it is uncertain whether such associations result from a direct
      effect of vitamin D on protective immune reactions, the use of this vitamin as an
      adjunct to antituberculosis therapy merits consideration.

PMID- 4049531
TI  - Pulmonary infection with Mycobacterium malmoense--a review of treatment and
      response.
AB  - Thirty seven patients whose sputum cultures had yielded positive isolates of
      Mycobacterium malmoense during the years 1978-1983 have been reviewed.
      Significant pulmonary infection was present in 34 patients (92%), 3 of whom had
      only single isolates cultured from their sputum. The significance of isolates in
      the remaining 3 patients was not established. There was pre-existing pulmonary
      disease in 22 patients and another 4 were taking immuno-suppressive drugs.
      Various drug regimens were used to treat the condition but the best responses
      were seen in 5 patients (13.5%) who received 3 standard drugs given for between
      18-24 months. Relapse occurred in 3 of another 5 who were treated with the same
      combination but given for less than 18 months. Omission of ethambutol from this
      standard regimen was associated with an unfavourable course in another 7
      patients. Regimens which included the second line drugs ethionamide and
      cycloserine were given to 10 patients. The responses in this group were poor and
      were probably related to drug toxicity and poor patient compliance. Four of these
      patients eventually underwent successful resectional surgery.

PMID- 4049532
TI  - Pulmonary infection with Mycobacterium malmoense: a report of 4 cases.
AB  - Four cases of pulmonary infection with Mycobacterium malmoense are presented. The
      clinical features are described and the significance of this organism in
      producing pulmonary disease is discussed.

PMID- 4049533
TI  - Mycobacterium malmoense in the north-east of England.
AB  - We report a 6 year experience (1979-1984) of isolating Mycobacterium malmoense in
      the north-east of England. Eleven subjects were involved of whom 10 had active
      infection--9 pulmonary, one cervical adenitis. The 11 new isolates represent 0.7%
      of all new mycobacterial isolates during this period and 10% of new non
      tuberculous isolates. In all but 2 cases there was pre-existing pulmonary disease
      and/or a recognised predisposing factor to mycobacterial infection. The organisms
      were generally insensitive to isoniazid but sensitive to both rifampicin and
      ethionamide. The results of chemotherapy are described.

PMID- 4049534
TI  - Early detection of breast cancer recurrences through periodic follow-up--is it
      useless?
AB  - The authors report on a multicentric consecutive series of 1120 breast cancer
      first recurrences. Cases detected as subjectively asymptomatic thanks to periodic
      follow-up examinations are compared to cases detected as symptomatic. The relapse
      free interval from primary treatment was shorter for asymptomatic recurrences,
      confirming that an earlier diagnosis was achieved in these cases. In spite of
      this diagnostic anticipation, median and actuarial survival from primary
      treatment did not differ when asymptomatic recurrences were compared to
      symptomatic recurrences. The study results did not show any prognostic impact of
      periodic follow-up in breast cancer and urge for prospective controlled studies
      on this diffuse and expensive practice.

PMID- 4049535
TI  - Staging breast cancer--screening for occult metastases.
AB  - The authors report on 1,017 consecutive breast cancer cases without symptomatic
      metastases staged by means of chest X-ray (CXR), skeletal survey (BXR) and bone
      scintigraphy (BS). Occult metastases (DM) detection rate was 0.88%: 0.29% for
      lung and 0.59% for bone DM. The detection rate was correlated with clinical
      stage: 0.36% for stage I, 0.20% for stage II, 0.26% for stages I and II, and
      2.77% for stage III cases. The sensitivity based on DM cases prevalent or
      surfacing within 6 months of follow-up was 0.30 for CXR, 0.22 for BXR and 0.55
      for BS; specificity was 0.99, 0.98 and 0.90, respectively. The study confirms the
      possibility of early detection of DM with preoperative staging, but the extremely
      low detection rates in stage I and II cancers do not advise such a routine
      procedure. The higher detection rate of DM may suggest adoption of the routine
      staging procedure in stage III cancers. In these cases, although no evidence is
      available of a favorable prognostic impact of early detection and treatment of
      DM, an unnecessary mastectomy could be avoided in about 3% of cases in the
      presence of DM detected by the staging procedure.

PMID- 4049536
TI  - Staging, therapy and prognosis of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of bone and a
      comparison of results with localized Ewing's sarcoma: ten years experience at the
      Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli.
AB  - Thirty consecutive cases of localized primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of bone
      (PNHLB) were treated in a 10-year period at the Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli with
      localized radiation (4 cases) and localized radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy
      (26 cases). The doses of radiation varied from 3000-4500 rad. A variety of
      staging procedures evolving with new diagnostic techniques over the 10 years were
      performed. Adjuvant chemotherapy comprised two different regimens of vincristine,
      adriamycin and cyclophosphamide. Twenty-four of the 26 patients (92%) have been
      free of disease with a median follow-up of 75.5 months (18-144 months). Two
      patients developed meningeal involvement and one patient, treated with radiation
      therapy only, developed a local recurrence. The results are compared to the
      management of 68 Ewing's sarcoma patients treated during the same period. Here,
      higher doses of localized radiation therapy (approximately 5000 rad) and similar
      adjuvant chemotherapy were administered. The survival was 32% (22/68) with a
      higher incidence of local recurrence (21%). These data indicate that PNHLB should
      be considered a separate entity from Ewing's sarcoma and can be treated
      successfully with lower doses of radiation to the primary tumor and adjuvant
      chemotherapy. The observations are also compared to a variety of other biological
      characteristics of Ewing's sarcoma. Since only two patients developed meningeal
      relapse, our experience does not permit a firm recommendation for routine
      prophylactic treatment of the central nervous system in PNHLB.

PMID- 4049538
TI  - Prognostic value of the prelaryngeal node in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal
      carcinoma.
AB  - The role in tumor spread and the prognostic value of metastasis in a prelaryngeal
      node were investigated in 124 cases of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma
      selected from about 900 total laryngectomies and pharyngolaryngectomies.
      Metastasis in a prelaryngeal node was noted in 26 cases: 22 without capsular
      rupture (N+) and 4 with capsular rupture (N+R+). Vascular embolism (E+) was never
      noted. Patients with a metastatic prelaryngeal node had a tumor of the piriform
      sinus in 13 cases (50%), a transglottic tumor in 6, glotto-subglottic in 3,
      glottic in 2 and supraglottic in 2. They also more frequently had involvement of
      the cervical nodes (81%) and of the thyroid gland. The 5-year survival in these
      patients is very poor: only 3 patients (11.5%) were alive and free of disease.
      These data demonstrate the role of prelaryngeal nodes in tumors that affect the
      hypopharynx and the antero-inferior portion of the larynx and that directly reach
      this node through the anterior lymphatic peduncle.

PMID- 4049537
TI  - Hyperthermic antiblastic perfusion in the treatment of cancer of the extremities.
AB  - From February 1982 to December 1983, 42 patients affected by neoplasms of the
      limbs were treated at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan by hyperthermic
      antiblastic perfusion in extracorporeal circulation at the temperature of 40-41
      degrees C for 1 h. Thirty-two were affected by melanoma, 4 by osteogenic sarcoma,
      2 by squamous-cell carcinoma, 1 by liposarcoma, 1 by hemangiopericytoma, 1 by
      clear-cell sarcoma and 1 by Kaposis's sarcoma. As regards the immediate response,
      a complete plus partial remission rate of 88% without any major complication was
      obtained. The follow-up period is too short for any considerations about overall
      survival. However, because of these good clinical results we consider this method
      able to locally control the evolution of neoplasms of the extremities, allowing
      in many cases a limb salvage.

PMID- 4049539
TI  - Failure of second-line therapy to modify survival in relapsed squamous cell
      carcinoma of the head and neck.
AB  - Between August 1979 and August 1984, 47 consecutive patients with recurrent
      squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck entered one of three consecutive
      second-line treatments. Response rates with each treatment were very different
      (70% vs 5.9% vs 75%), but there was no statistical difference in actuarial
      survival (survival: 30% vs 29% vs 20%, respectively, at 260 days). In light of
      this observation, the efficacy of the second-line therapy appears doubtful and
      the survival of relapsing patients seems unrelated to the response achieved.

PMID- 4049540
TI  - Intrahepatic arterial flow distribution after ligation of a right replaced
      hepatic artery. A case report.
AB  - A basic requirement for arterial chemotherapy of liver tumors is complete
      catheter perfusion of the liver. In cases with atypical anatomy of the hepatic
      artery, it is frequently impossible to obtain this goal by means of a single
      catheter. In a patient with a right replaced hepatic artery, the aberrant vessel
      was ligated and the left hepatic artery was perfused through a catheter inserted
      into the gastroduodenal artery. Perfusion scans performed through the catheter 14
      and 135 days after arterial ligation showed a fall in the arterial flow to the
      right liver (right/left ratio 0.43 and 0.60). In contrast, a nearly complete
      perfusion of the liver (0.91 right/left ratio) was obtained 28 days after
      ligation, when the perfusion scan was performed immediately after catheter
      infusion of 90,000,000 degradable starch microspheres (DSM: diameter = 40 m). DSM
      administration is supposed to increase back pressure in the lobe receiving native
      circulation, thus activating intrahepatic collateral flow to the ischemic lobe.
      As regards regional treatment of liver tumors, obvious conclusions are to be
      drawn.

PMID- 4049541
TI  - Feminizing Sertoli cell tumor associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (histologic
      and ultrastructural study).
AB  - A case of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome associated with Sertoli cell tumor of the testis
      and bilateral gynecomasty in an 8-year-old boy is described. The authors
      emphasize the unusual histologic and ultrastructural features of the tumor and
      discuss the physiopathologic aspects of the present case.

PMID- 4049542
TI  - Foreign bodies in a case of axillary lymphadenopathy.

PMID- 4049543
TI  - Three kinds of foamy cells in the spleen: comparative histochemical and
      ultrastructural studies.
AB  - By light and electron microscopy, we observed foamy cells in the spleens from a
      patient with hemolytic anemia due to red cell adenosine deaminase (ADA)
      overproduction, a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with gold, and
      patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The foamy cells
      associated with red cell ADA overproduction were essentially similar to Gaucher
      like cells described in patients with thalassemia, and it was suggested that the
      accelerated destruction of red cells was one of the factors responsible for the
      development of foamy cells. Foamy cells in ITP and RA were closely associated
      with an increased destruction of platelets in the spleen. Morphologic transitions
      between phagocytosed platelets and myelin-like materials were traced in these
      disorders. In RA, however, foamy cells were heterogeneous from an ultrastructural
      standpoint, with different cytoplasmic inclusions. In addition to myelin-like
      materials, dense bodies, vacuoles with flocculent materials, and gold were noted
      in most of foamy cells. As gold compounds are known to inhibit lysosomal enzymes,
      we surmise that an acquired disturbance in lysosomal digestion is partially
      responsible for the accumulation of intermediate metabolites. In the pathogenesis
      of foamy cells associated with blood cell dyscrasia, the accelerated destruction
      of blood cells and/or acquired disorders in catabolic pathways within the
      macrophages are suggested to be the underlying mechanism of an intralysosomal
      accumulation of incompletely degraded cellular debris.

PMID- 4049544
TI  - Immunoelectron microscopic localization of glomerular IgA deposits using a
      protein A-colloidal gold probe.
AB  - Currently there is increasing interest in the localization and accurate
      determination of the composition of protein deposits involved in the pathogenesis
      of human glomerulonephritis using immunoelectron microscopy. Previous studies
      have largely relied on capricious immunoperoxidase techniques applying both the
      preembedding and postembedding methods to renal tissue. Both methods identify a
      single antigen, but preservation of ultrastructure is suboptimal, and there is
      the potential problem of imprecise localization of antigen due to diffusion of
      the peroxidase reaction product. A less demanding method of ultrastructural
      antigen identification for renal tissue has been employed with success in clearly
      localizing glomerular deposits of IgA. The technique involves fixation of tissue
      in periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde, embedding in L. R. White resin, and
      labeling by an indirect immunologic reaction using protein A-gold as an electron
      dense marker. This technique provides an accurate marker for the localization of
      glomerular antigen while retaining optimal tissue morphology, and we predict that
      this method will have wide application in human and experimental renal disease.

PMID- 4049545
TI  - Morphometric evidence of sexual dimorphism in the ultrastructure of gonadotroph
      adenomas of the human pituitary.
AB  - Gonadotroph adenomas resected from the pituitaries of 8 males and 8 females were
      studied by transmission electron microscopy and morphometry in order to establish
      whether they exhibit sexual dimorphism. Random photographs were taken and the
      following parameters compared: (1) cellular volume, (2) nuclear volume, (3)
      cytoplasmic to nuclear ratio, (4) volume density of endoplasmic reticulum, (5)
      volume density of Golgi bodies, (6) volume density of mitochondria, (7) volume
      density of secretory granules, (8) volume density of lysosomes, (9) diameter of
      secretory granules, (10) surface to volume ratio of secretory granules, (11)
      surface to volume ratio of Golgi bodies, (12) surface to volume ratio of nuclei,
      (13) surface to volume ratio of cells. The results showed that gonadotroph
      adenomas of males differed significantly from those of females in cell size, cell
      shape, and electron microscopic features of Golgi apparatus. It remains to be
      established whether differences in the morphology of non-neoplastic gonadotrophs
      of males and females can explain the development of morphologically distinct
      adenoma cells between the sexes.

PMID- 4049546
TI  - Malignant melanoma of soft parts: an ultrastructural study of four cases.
AB  - Malignant melanomas of soft parts from 4 patients were studied by light
      microscopy, immunocytochemistry for S-100 protein, and electron microscopy. Each
      patient presented with a deep soft tissue mass in an extremity. Histologically,
      the tumors were composed of epithelioid and spindle cells, and in one, neoplastic
      giant cells were present. The tumors did not stain for melanin but were all
      positive for S-100 protein. Ultrastructurally, premelanosomes were identified in
      every tumor and in a cell line established from one tumor. Schwann cell features
      were present in one of the tumors. Although the clinical presentation of
      malignant melanoma of soft parts is similar to that of epithelioid sarcoma and
      synovial sarcoma, the combined light microscopic, immunocytochemical, and
      ultrastructural features should serve to distinguish it from other soft tissue
      sarcomas.

PMID- 4049547
TI  - [Cushing's syndrome in children and adolescents].

PMID- 4049548
TI  - [Adder bites].

PMID- 4049549
TI  - [Thiamine deficiency in chronic alcoholism. The effect of thiamine treatment on
      the erythrocyte transketolase activity and the thiamine pyrophosphate effect].

PMID- 4049550
TI  - [Peritendinitis with calcification in the region of the wrist].

PMID- 4049551
TI  - [Dopamine treatment in cardiogenic shock].

PMID- 4049552
TI  - [Isoflurane--a new inhalation anesthetic].

PMID- 4049553
TI  - [Differences in mortality as indicators of differing health conditions from
      county to county].

PMID- 4049554
TI  - [Activation of regulatory peptides by post-translational modifications].

PMID- 4049555
TI  - [Breast-sparing treatment in cancer of the breast. Preliminary results].

PMID- 4049556
TI  - [Giant cell tumor. An evaluation of occurrence, therapeutic delay and prognosis
      based on 24 cases].

PMID- 4049557
TI  - [Os odontoideum].

PMID- 4049558
TI  - [Acute African trypanosomiasis imported into Denmark].

PMID- 4049559
TI  - [Hyperparathyroidism after high-voltage irradiation of the neck].

PMID- 4049560
TI  - [Late asthmatic reaction caused by microfungi in the tobacco industry].

PMID- 4049561
TI  - [Mature pararectal teratoma with fistula to the vagina].

PMID- 4049562
TI  - [A 5-year prospective epidemiological study from 1976 to 1981 of the 1936
      population in Glostrup. Case material, methods, representative data and
      referrals].

PMID- 4049563
TI  - High resolution shadowing and decoration in biology. European Conference on
      Electron Microscopy (EUREM 1984). Budapest.

PMID- 4049564
TI  - Symposium on progress in surface analysis and imaging. Invited papers from the
      Eighth European Congress on Electron Microscopy. Budapest, Hungary, 13-18 August
      1984.

PMID- 4049565
TI  - Measurement of the efficiency of tissue removal with the Cavitron Ultrasonic
      Surgical Aspirator and the comparison with a new motor-driven probe.

PMID- 4049566
TI  - Doppler color flow mapping.

PMID- 4049568
TI  - Mutagenicity of ultrasound in cultured mammalian cells.
AB  - Chinese hamster V79 cells were exposed in suspension to 1 MHz continuous wave
      ultrasound at spatial peak intensities of 7 and 35 W/cm2. Exposure durations were
      from 10 to 180 sec, so as to encompass the first decade of decreased survival at
      each intensity. Exposure at 35 W/cm2 resulted in the induction of 6-thioguanine
      resistant mutants. The mutation frequency was approximately one-tenth that
      induced by x rays at similar survival levels. No mutagenesis was observed at 7
      W/cm2. Results are consistent with free radical formation as the mechanism
      responsible for ultrasound-induced mutagenesis.

PMID- 4049569
TI  - Ultrasound intensity and contractile characteristics of rat isolated papillary
      muscle.
AB  - The effect of graded intensities of continuous wave ultrasound on the contractile
      performance of isolated papillary muscle of rat was tested. Under isometric
      conditions rat left ventricular papillary muscles (n = 48) were electrically
      stimulated to contract at rates of 30, 60, 120 and 240 beats per minute. Muscles
      were perfused with a Tyrode solution at 30 degrees C under normoxic conditions.
      Ultrasound at intensities of 0.25, 0.50, 1.0 and 2.0 W/cm2 spatial average
      temporal average (SATA) at 963 kHz was applied to the muscles while recording
      muscle contractile characteristics. The analog data were digitized and stored on
      disk for analysis by computer. This revealed a significant (p less than 0.001)
      increase in peak developed force (F), peak rate of force development (+dF/dt) and
      peak rate of myocardial relaxation (-dF/dt) that was linearly related to
      ultrasound intensity. The muscles were more sensitive to ultrasound at 240
      contractions per minute. Resting force was significantly decreased by ultrasound.
      Although bath temperature increased according to the ultrasound intensity,
      control studies in papillary muscles (n = 24) on the correlation between
      contractile parameters and temperature revealed that bulk heating could not
      account for the positive inotropic action with ultrasound. These data confirm the
      inotropic effect of continuous wave ultrasound on myocardial tissue and point to
      the possibility of applying this phenomenon therapeutically.

PMID- 4049567
TI  - Lack of effect of high-intensity pulsed ultrasound on sister chromatid exchange
      and in vitro Chinese hamster ovary cell viability.
AB  - The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in in vitro Chinese hamster
      ovary cells and their viability were not affected by 3-min exposures to 2-4 MHz,
      focused, pulsed ultrasound with a pulse repetition rate of 200 Hz, pulse duration
      of 10 mu sec and intensities (SPTP) of 500 W/cm2 and 2500 W/cm2. The viability
      results are consistent with those reported elsewhere; the SCE response does not
      verify a specific previously reported positive response.

PMID- 4049570
TI  - [Plate fracture--a finite element for the calculation of notch tension around
      differently shaped plates].
AB  - A hole in a plate loaded by bending induces notch stresses in it's surrounding.
      This stress amplification depends on the shape of the hole. In the present paper
      this effect is studied by use of the Finite Element Method systematically. It was
      found that longer holes induce lower notch stresses than circular holes. Some
      tendency to find the optimate hole shape with lowest stresses is shown. Following
      this way the danger of plate failure by cracking may be reduced. The shape of the
      cross-section of the plate was fixed during this considerations.

PMID- 4049571
TI  - [Prevention of postoperative infection in accident surgery].
AB  - Since the spectrum of surgical procedures has become larger, high attention has
      to be paid to asepsis. A well defined theatre practice and introduction of
      ultraclean air in operation rooms are described as "non-infection" measurements.
      Airborne route of surgical infection has to be excluded especially in operations,
      where large implants are used and in emergency cases with bad soft tissue
      conditions. Moreover, surgical technique, choice of method, time of operation,
      atraumatic surgical procedure are as important as to follow the rules of
      biomechanics in preventing postoperative wound infections, which remain the
      principal threat of successful surgery. But it is not only the surgeon and his
      team, who are responsible for correct asepsis, also the hospital authorities are
      challenged--not only for forensic reasons--to cooperate in this important task.

PMID- 4049572
TI  - [The roller discotheque--a quickstep to the hospital? An analysis of 196
      accidents].
AB  - A retrospective study comprising a period of 16 months was made in order to
      analyse the injuries of 196 patients occurred when visiting a roller discotheque.
      Injuries of the upper extremities had the highest incidence (56.6%); the most
      frequent of these lesions was the distal fracture of the radius (23.4%, n = 46).
      Rather slight injuries are predominant indeed, however, even severe injuries are
      observed, e.g. supracondylar fractures of the humerus, fractures of the ankle
      joint, or vertebral fractures. The probability of an accident occurring during
      the visit of a roller discotheque could be estimated for the first time due to
      the particularities of the first-aid system of Hamburg. Taking into consideration
      the number of 364 000 admission-tickets sold during the above mentioned period,
      the probability of being injured is 0.54%.

PMID- 4049573
TI  - [Supracondylar humerus fracture in childhood, its treatment and results following
      Blount's method].
AB  - From 1970 to 1980 155 supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children were
      treated conservatively by the method of Blount and 33 were treated surgically.
      The indications for operation were flexion-fractures, second- or third-grade
      compound fractures, vessel or nerve lesions and for easier nursing of
      polytraumatized patients. Out of 82 fractures treated by collar and cuff 64 (78%)
      show an ideal, 12 (15%) a good and 6 (7%) a satisfactory result two to ten years
      after the accident. In 18 cases one could see a defective varus function of more
      than five degrees.

PMID- 4049574
TI  - [Results of Slocum-Larson patellar bridling].
AB  - The Slocum and Larson's surgical repair of the laterally dislocating patella is
      described. The results of 32 operations are discussed, follow-up-time was one to
      four years. 25 patients have no problems and have full activity in sports. Two
      patients have femoropatellar pain in the operated and two in the non-operated
      knee joint; so they had no normal athletic activity but they had no subluxation
      pain. One patient had a recent traumatic dislocation of the patella in landing a
      backward salto. We have obtained good results by the method of Slocum and Larson
      compared with various techniques of transferring tibial tubercle. This operation
      can be used also in young patients without disadvantages being a mere soft tissue
      procedure. The importance of lateral release and VMO-plastik is emphasized.

PMID- 4049575
TI  - [Humeral head fractures following epileptic attacks. Case report on a rare but
      typical injury].
AB  - We report about two patients with posterior fracture-dislocation of the shoulder
      following convulsive seizures, one case unilateral, one case bilateral. The
      radiological findings are typical and similar to the cases described in
      literature: Impression or head splitting fracture of the ventro-medial part of
      the humeral head associated with posterior dislocation. The mechanism of injury,
      methods of treatment and late results are discussed.

PMID- 4049576
TI  - Effects of variations in extracellular osmolality on spontaneous contractile
      activity and response to nerve stimulation in rat detrusor muscle in vitro.
AB  - The effects of hyperosmolar (390, 590 mosm/kg) and hypoosmolar (260 mosm/kg)
      solutions on myogenic spontaneous contractile activity and response to nerve
      stimulation were studied on strips of rat detrusor muscle in vitro. In isotonic
      (290 mosm/kg) solution the mean spontaneous contractile activity was 2.1 +/- 0.6%
      and the amplitude of the largest spontaneous contractions was 9.8 +/- 3.0% of
      maximal response to nerve stimulation. In 390 mosm/kg the frequency of
      spontaneous contractions decreased, but due to a fourfold increase of contraction
      amplitude a threefold increase of mean contractile activity was recorded. In 260
      mosm/kg a similar contraction pattern as in 290 mosm/kg was seen. The spontaneous
      contractions were resistant to tetrodotoxin (10(-5) g/ml) in all osmolalities. In
      590 mosm/kg the spontaneous activity had ceased, and a continuous contracture
      (resistant to tetrodotoxin) was observed with an amplitude of 41 +/- 1% of the
      maximal response to nerve stimulation at 290 mosm/kg. Similar maximal responses
      to nerve stimulation were obtained in 260, 290, and 390 mosm/kg. The frequency
      response relation in 390 mosm/kg had a leftward shift at low frequencies. In 590
      mosm/kg no response to nerve stimulation or acetylcholine was noted, but the
      preparations contracted vigorously following depolarization with high-K+
      solution.

PMID- 4049577
TI  - Rotational differences in urethral pressure in incontinent women.
AB  - Urethral pressure profile measurements are made by means of microtransducers at
      four different positions in the urethra (anterior, posterior, left and right
      side). The maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) is always highest in the
      anterior position in stress as well as in urge incontinent women. The functional
      urethral length shows no differences in the four positions. In all positions the
      recorded pressures and urethral length are higher in the urge incontinent group
      than in the stress incontinent group. A decrease of MUCP with age is observed in
      both groups.

PMID- 4049578
TI  - Congenital and acquired penile curvatures: diagnosis and outcome with the Nesbit
      procedure.
AB  - A surgical correction according to Nesbit [1] was performed in 9 patients with
      congenital penile curvature as well as in 5 patients with acquired penile
      curvature in the context of Peyronie's disease and in 1 case after an old penile
      fracture. Dynamic cavernosography with simultaneous passive erection and
      photographic documentation of the curvature in two planes served as basic
      preoperative diagnostic methods. Besides the recording of a local report, the
      postoperative results were evaluated by means of a detailed questionnaire in all
      patients. 8 patients in the group of congenital curvatures as well as 3 patients
      of the group with acquired penile curvatures were shown to be completely
      satisfied with the functional result of the surgical correction. With the
      knowledge of the result of the operation, 13 out of 14 patients would indeed
      agree to the operation if asked again. This experience indicates that treatment
      according to Nesbit is justified in the therapy of both congenital and acquired
      penile curvatures.

PMID- 4049579
TI  - Effect of allogeneic blood transfusions on the growth of two different tumours in
      the rat.
AB  - The effect of allogeneic blood transfusions on tumour growth was studied in the
      rat. BD IX animals pretreated by five blood transfusions from SD rats were
      transplanted with two different syngeneic malignant neurogenic tumours
      (neurinoma, ependymoma). The tumour growth rates in the transfused animals were
      compared to those of non-transfused controls. No accelerated growth rates of both
      types of tumours were observed in transfused animals. As these data are in
      contrast to the findings of other authors, further studies are needed to evaluate
      the effect of blood transfusions on tumour growth.

PMID- 4049580
TI  - Changes in symptoms and colpo-cystourethrography in 35 patients before and after
      total abdominal hysterectomy: a prospective study.
AB  - 35 women, referred for simple total hysterectomy, were evaluated pre- and
      postoperatively for bladder suspension and urodynamic changes. Although all
      patients denied urological problems, more than half of the patients had some
      degree of stress and/or urge incontinence. 40% had radiological signs of bladder
      suspension defects. At postoperative examination the symptomatology of
      incontinence had declined but the radiological pathologic findings had increased.
      On this basis it may be concluded that it is unpredictable what happens to the
      bladder and its suspension following simple hysterectomy.

PMID- 4049581
TI  - Development of the prostatectomy since 1966. An analysis of 3,180 patients.
AB  - An analysis of 3,180 prostatectomies (between 1966 and 1982) reveals an
      increasing number to sixfold from 1966 to the end of the 70s. The preoperative
      preparation of the patients often suffering from several cardiovascular and
      especially respiratory diseases (about 40%) is improved by an early cooperation
      of all medical disciplines involved. Important complications such as the fluid
      absorption toxicity could be reduced; the excessive absorption of irrigation
      fluid (i.e., the TUR-P syndrome) was found in about 1.0% of the cases.
      Postoperative complications such as epididymitis or urethral strictures can be
      diminished by special surgical treatment methods.

PMID- 4049582
TI  - [Significance of the urodynamic study in the diagnosis of urinary incontinence in
      women].
AB  - Comparing the results of clinical evaluations and urodynamic studies in 175
      consecutive incontinent females, we came to different diagnoses in 12.6%. If we
      rely only on the clinical diagnosis, this means that at least 1 out of 10
      incontinent females with no urodynamic work-up will have a wrong or incomplete
      therapy. In respect to the exact indication, especially for operative therapy,
      urodynamic work-up seems therefore necessary in different forms of female urinary
      incontinence.

PMID- 4049583
TI  - Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in a young adult.

PMID- 4049584
TI  - [Renal artery embolization in cancer of the kidney].

PMID- 4049585
TI  - [Diagnosis of vascular obstruction of the renal calices and its complications].

PMID- 4049586
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of recurrences of varicocele].

PMID- 4049588
TI  - [A word to the young].

PMID- 4049587
TI  - [Informativeness of microbiologic and serologic indices in the diagnosis of
      pyelonephritis after surgical treatment of hydronephrosis].

PMID- 4049589
TI  - [Removal of renal and ureteral calculi via a nephrostomy fistula].

PMID- 4049590
TI  - [Functional status of the thyroid gland in renal calculi complicated by chronic
      renal failure].

PMID- 4049591
TI  - [Clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of ureterocele].

PMID- 4049593
TI  - [Therapeutic tactics in primary vesico-ureteral reflux in children].

PMID- 4049592
TI  - [Intraureteral and pelvic electroureterography using diuretics in the functional
      diagnosis of hydronephrosis and neuromuscular dysplasia of the ureter].

PMID- 4049595
TI  - [Urethrovaginal fistulas].

PMID- 4049594
TI  - [Evaluation of the urodynamics of the upper urinary tract by ureteromanometry
      after anti-reflux surgery in children].

PMID- 4049596
TI  - [Clinical significance of hemospermia].

PMID- 4049597
TI  - [Acute pneumoscrotum after kidney surgery].

PMID- 4049598
TI  - [Chronic cystitis as a result of a ligature fistula following oncogynecologic
      surgery simulating a tumor of the urinary bladder].

PMID- 4049600
TI  - Urolithiasis research--where is it going?

PMID- 4049599
TI  - [Embolization of the renal artery with a cone-shaped metal spiral].

PMID- 4049601
TI  - Acute oral alkali citrate load in healthy humans--response of blood and urinary
      citrate, mineral metabolism, and factors related to stone formation.
AB  - In ten healthy volunteers (male/female = 5/5) the effects of two doses (2.5 and
      5.0 g) of orally ingested alkali citrate (AC) on serum citrate, variables of
      mineral metabolism in serum, the urinary excretion of citrate, sodium and
      minerals were studied and compared with the effects of an oral vehicle load.
      Also, phosphate crystalluria and the supersaturation of several stone forming
      phases in urine were evaluated under all loads. The data allow to conclude that
      1) the rise in serum citrate may result from citrate absorbed intestinally under
      AC; 2) systemic metabolic alkalosis is not detectable with the chosen AC doses
      but may be reflected by the more alkaline urinary pH and a higher citrate
      excretion; 3) mineral metabolism, serum ionized calcium, parathormone, calcitonin
      and urinary cyclic AMP included, are more or less stable under acute loads of AC;
      4) postprandial phosphate crystalluria is more pronounced with increasing AC, but
      despite this the direct correlation with the supersaturation of hydroxyapatite is
      progressively weakened with both doses AC suggesting that the inhibitory effects
      of this drug may dominate over its effects upon initiation of precipitation.

PMID- 4049602
TI  - Crystallization conditions in urine of patients with idiopathic recurrent calcium
      nephrolithiasis and with hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - The highest degree of urinary supersaturation with respect to calcium oxalate
      monohydrate (COM) and brushite at which secondary nucleation and growth of small
      amounts of COM and hydroxyapatite (HAP) are inhibited was determined by new and
      simple methods. There were 39 subjects who produced 24 h-urine collections (11
      idiopathic stone formers (ISF), 12 patients suffering from primary
      hyperparathyroidism (HPT) and 16 healthy controls (HC). These subjects had a
      moderate calcium and low oxalate intake. The results obtained were compared with
      the state of urinary saturation and with urine chemistry. The measurements of
      crystallization conditions with respect to COM were repeated in 26 subjects (11
      ISF, 5 HPT, 10 HC) after a dietary oxalate load. In 24 h-urines of HC diluted to
      2.4 1/24 h the degree of supersaturation necessary to induce crystallization of
      COM and HAP was 2-5 times higher than the state of urinary saturation measured
      under the same test conditions. ISF showed a decreased pyrophosphate
      concentration and a decreased inhibitory activity to HAP crystallization in their
      24 h-urine. The urinary inhibitory activity towards crystallization of HAP showed
      a positive correlation to urinary pyrophosphate concentration. In the 24 h-urine
      of HPT hypercalciuria and increased saturation with respect to brushite which
      reached values to induce HAP crystallization were found. After a dietary oxalate
      load urinary supersaturation with respect to COM reached values to induce COM
      crystallization in ISF and HPT but not in HC.

PMID- 4049603
TI  - Fluoridation of drinking water: effects on kidney stone formation.
AB  - The influence of fluoride in drinking water on stone formation was studied in
      animals and in "in vitro" crystallization experiments. In male Wistar rats
      fluoride inhibits ethylenglycol induced calcification of the kidneys and stone
      formation. The in vitro results performed in synthetic urine exhibited a dose
      dependent delay of crystal growth.

PMID- 4049604
TI  - A simple ion--chromatographic method for determination of urinary oxalate.
AB  - A simple and rapid technique for the determination of oxalate in urine by ion
      chromatography has been described. Although there is difficulty in separating the
      oxalate peak from the sulfate peak on the conductivity chromatogram of
      unprocessed urine, it is possible to eliminate the sulfate peak by the addition
      of barium chloride to the urine. Using this technique, the author has estimated
      the urinary oxalate in 33 urolithiasis patients and in 40 non-urolithiasis
      patients. The means of 50 urinary oxalate determinations in 33 urolithiasis
      patients and of 42 urinary oxalate determinations in 40 non-urolithiasis patients
      were 21.5 +/- 11.4 and 19.5 +/- 13.0 mg/gCr, respectively. Of the 33 urolithiasis
      patients, 17 were calcium stone formers and 6 were non-calcium stone formers
      whose stones had been analyzed by infrared spectrometry, and the mean urinary
      oxalate values were 19.4 +/- 6.9 and 21.3 +/- 8.2 mg/gCr, respectively. The
      urinary oxalate was significantly higher in children under the age of 10 years.

PMID- 4049605
TI  - An evaluation of test sticks used for the measurement of the specific gravity of
      urine from patients with stone disease.
AB  - A test stick for the measurement of the SG of the urine of stoneformers was
      examined. In 230 spontaneously voided urines and 45 25 h-urines the SG was
      measured by the test stick and compared with urinometer measurements. The two
      methods showed a good correlation (r = 0.86). Due to the principle of reaction of
      the SG-teststick a direct relationship of the SG-values to the sodium
      concentration and to the ionic strength of urine was found. There is no
      correlation between the relative supersaturation of CaOx and the SG-determination
      (urinometer, test stick). The handling of the SG-test stick is simple and can be
      easily performed by the patient.

PMID- 4049606
TI  - Urine saturation with calcium salts in normal subjects and idiopathic calcium
      stone-formers estimated by an improved computer model system.
AB  - The state of saturation of urine with calcium salts has been estimated by means
      of a computer model system whose accuracy has been improved by the use of
      stability constants of 31 complexes which were re-determined at 37 degrees C and
      at the actual ionic strength of urine. The experimental determination of the
      concentration solubility products of calcium oxalate monohydrate (CaOx) and of
      calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (bsh) allows an expression of the saturation
      degree as free concentration product ratio beta CaOx and beta bsh. Morning urine
      samples from 50 healthy controls and 50 idiopathic calcium stone-formers and 24 h
      urines from 40 normal subjects and 192 stone-formers, taking normal diet were
      investigated by this technique. From our results urine supersaturation with
      calcium oxalate salts seems to play an important role in calcium stone disease.
      Hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria seem to be the main pathological features in
      this regard. The data concerning beta bsh values have not confirmed previous
      reports in which this parameter was found to be increased in stone-formers.

PMID- 4049607
TI  - Concrement formation in the urinary bladder in rats inoculated with Ureaplasma
      urealyticum.
AB  - To study the concrement-forming ability of Ureaplasma urealyticum in the urinary
      tract, viable and heat-killed ureaplasmas as well as urease and non-urease
      producing bacteria were inoculated into the bladder in rats. Viable ureaplasmas,
      in contrast to heat-killed, caused the formation of bladder stones with a
      frequency corresponding to urease-producing bacteria (Proteus mirabilis). It was
      not possible to reculture the inoculated ureaplasmas from the urinary tract. Non
      urease producing microorganisms (Escherichia coli and Mycoplasma hominis) only
      occasionally induced stone formation. The results indicate that U. urealyticum
      can initiate stone formation, a property that appears to be associated with the
      urease activity of the organism.

PMID- 4049609
TI  - Implantation of penile prostheses in patients impotent after priapism.
AB  - Review of recent implantations of penile prostheses done at Duke University
      Medical Center reveals 6 patients implanted for impotence secondary to priapism.
      Of these 6 patients, 5 had sickle cell anemia-induced priapism and 1 had
      idiopathic priapism. One patient had implantation of an inflatable prosthesis
      later followed by a semirigid prosthesis, 3 had implantation of a semirigid
      prosthesis, and 1 had an unsuccessful attempt at implantation of a semirigid
      prosthesis. The 5 patients with successful implantation have obtained
      satisfactory postoperative coital function. We believe that penile prostheses are
      beneficial in patients with impotence secondary to priapism. The degree of
      fibrosis encountered suggests that a semirigid prosthesis is more favorable,
      since the inflatable prosthesis may not overcome corporeal rigidity.

PMID- 4049608
TI  - Evaluation of the relative inhibitory potential of fractionated urinary
      macromolecules.
AB  - Ultrafiltration membranes of 10,000 d, 1,000 d and 500 d were used to remove
      urinary macromolecules from the urine of normal subjects and from the urine of
      stone forming patients. The filtrated urines were examined for their residual
      inhibitory potential for calcium-oxalate precipitation, by the discrimination
      method of Sarig et al. (D.I. test). The results of testing the filtrate were
      complementary to the information gained by analyses of retentates obtained in
      successive ultrafiltration. The method has an inherent advantage because the
      manipulation of solids retained on membranes may inadvertantly modify their
      inhibitory potential. At least two distinct groups of inhibitors were found in 20
      normal urines. The first group has MW above 10,000 d while the second group of
      inhibitors has MW in the range of 500-1,000 d. The mean of the D.I. values
      increased dramatically from the normal range (less than 0.6) to the stone former
      range (greater than 1.1) (p less than 0.001) after the 500 d filtration. Some of
      the normal urines, even after the 500 d filtration, still had a degree of
      inhibitory potential. This inhibitory potential may be related to the inorganic
      compounds which were found in the urines. The inhibitory activity of
      macromolecules with MW above 10,000 d and below 500 delta was negligible in 7
      stone formers (SF) urines. The relative contribution of 500-1,000 d
      macromolecules is the highest both in SF and normal urines. CONCLUSIONS: 1)
      inhibitors in human urine are of wide range in MW; 2) stone formers and normals
      differ in the level of inhibitor activity at all MW ranges; especially in above
      10,000 d and below inhibitors.

PMID- 4049610
TI  - Postoperative care following internal urethrotomy.
AB  - A randomized prospective study was set up to assess the role of postoperative
      catheter drainage and the value of hydraulic self-dilatation of the urethra after
      internal urethrotomy. Sixty-two patients were admitted into the study and
      followed-up for two years. The results support the use of a no-catheter
      posturethrotomy management and advocate the encouragement of postoperative
      hydraulic self-urethral dilatation.

PMID- 4049611
TI  - A rational blood-ordering policy for urology.
AB  - A retrospective study of blood-ordering patterns and blood use for elective
      urologic procedures was done. Only in a few surgical procedures, such as
      cystectomies, open prostatectomies, and nephrectomies, do the patients commonly
      receive blood transfusions. Blood is rarely used for a large number of other
      procedures. In such cases routine crossmatching of blood can be safely
      substituted by "type and screen." A guideline for preoperative blood-ordering is
      proposed that may substantially improve utilization of blood without jeopardizing
      patient care.

PMID- 4049612
TI  - Sacral agenesis: why is it so frequently misdiagnosed?
AB  - Thirty-four patients with sacral agenesis were seen from 1954 to 1983, cases of
      meningomyelocele excluded. Five recognizable and consistent patterns of bone
      malformation were identified. Urodynamic examinations were done in 10 of the 34
      patients. Their evaluation and response to treatment are analyzed; we tried to
      determine and establish the possible causes for its late diagnosis and
      consequences regarding the upper urinary tract.

PMID- 4049613
TI  - Heterogeneity index score (HIS). New computerized method for classification of
      human bladder carcinomas using flow cytometry.
AB  - The rationale for studying nuclear DNA may be its direct relationship to the
      aggressiveness of cancer. Recent flow cytometric studies (FCM) of cancer cells
      show the limitation of the current methods for the accurate determination of the
      degree of aneuploidy or proliferative characteristics of a tumor cell. Here we
      report a new methodology for a computerized determination which is well
      correlated with relative mean DNA content in cell populations analyzed by FCM
      (heterogeneity index, HI). A total of seventy-six tissue samples were examined.
      Twenty-two specimens were benign tissue while fifty-four were histologically
      malignant bladder tumors. Forty tumors were grade (G)I-II, ten G-III, and four
      carcinoma in situ. The samples were mechanically minced into a single cell
      suspension and stained with propidium iodide. An Ortho system 50-H multiparameter
      flow cytometer equipped with an Ortho 2150 computer was used to determine DNA
      content and cell number. HI was calculated using the following formulas:
      (formula; see text) The mean HIS of twenty-two normal and benign tissues was
      9.805 +/- 5.6. The forty G-II tumors had a mean HIS of 23.576 +/- 26.519.
      Statistical differences were observed between benign tissue and G-I-II tumors (P
      = 0.0196). G-III tumors had a marked increase in HIS of 160.965 +/- 63.404. The
      limited study of four carcinoma in situ tumors showed a mean HIS of 45.4 +/- 9.5.
      Our computer extrapolation of flow cytometric DNA analysis quantifies an
      objective description of FCM characteristics and histochemical index which may
      distinguish the degree of tumor malignancy.

PMID- 4049614
TI  - Percutaneous displacement of calyceal calculi. Adjunct to percutaneous
      nephrolithotripsy.
AB  - Two cases are presented of successful percutaneous removal of adherent calyceal
      calculi which were initially inaccessible for removal with the rigid nephroscope.
      In each case, the calculus was dislodged from the calyceal wall by the direct
      force of a needle introduced percutaneously against the stone. In the first
      patient, a wedged calyceal calculus was dislodged percutaneously and manipulated
      into the renal pelvis the day before extraction using the rigid nephroscope. In
      the second patient, the adherent calculus was dislodged percutaneously at the
      same time of endoscopic removal. In both patients, prior carbon dioxide
      pyelography was helpful in determining the optimum direction for advancing the
      needle against the calculus. Percutaneous stone dislodgement technique is a
      useful adjunct to percutaneous nephroscopic removal of the difficult calyceal
      calculus.

PMID- 4049615
TI  - Spontaneous vesicoileal fistula two years post ureteroileoneocystostomy
      undiversion.
AB  - The complication of spontaneous vesicoileal fistula formation in an eleven-year
      old male two years after ureteroileoneocystostomy undiversion is presented.

PMID- 4049616
TI  - Klinefelter syndrome in identical twins.
AB  - A rare case of Klinefelter syndrome in identical twins is reported. Salient
      features and clinical recognition of the syndrome are discussed.

PMID- 4049617
TI  - Intraurethral condylomas acuminata in previous hypospadias repair.
AB  - In recent years, the number of reported cases of venereal warts has increased
      more than fivefold, and various methods of treating these lesions have been
      described. We herein report a rare case of condylomas acuminata in a hypospadias
      repair.

PMID- 4049618
TI  - Congenital giant hydronephrosis with unsuspected transitional cell carcinoma.
AB  - A case report of a giant congenital hydronephrosis with multiple foci of
      transitional cell carcinoma is presented.

PMID- 4049619
TI  - Unusual presentation of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in an incomplete
      duplex system.
AB  - Ureteropelvic junction obstruction in an incomplete duplex system is seen
      infrequently. This case represents an unusual presentation of such an
      obstruction. Recommendations are made for preoperative evaluation and surgical
      management of these patients.

PMID- 4049620
TI  - Rapid dilatation of ureteral orifice for ureteroscopy.

PMID- 4049621
TI  - Ureteral endometriosis in post-menopausal women.
AB  - Ureteral obstruction secondary to endometriosis is an infrequently observed
      phenomenon, particularly in post-menopausal women. Two patients with obstructive
      uropathy, aged fifty-five and seventy-four, underwent ureteroplasty procedures
      with pathologic documentation of endometriosis. The possible pathogenetic
      mechanisms of ureteral endometriosis and previously reported cases are cited.

PMID- 4049622
TI  - Simultaneous occurrence of transitional cell carcinoma and urothelial
      adenocarcinoma associated with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
AB  - We report on a patient with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, in situ
      transitional cell carcinoma, and focal prosoplasia revealing abrupt conversion of
      transitional epithelium to moderately well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. The
      etiology and pathogenesis of mucinous adenocarcinoma in the renal pelvis very
      likely involves the prosoplastic transition of pre-existing transitional
      carcinoma to adenocarcinoma. The urologist should be aware of the increased
      possibility of this tumor developing in a patient with longstanding infection,
      and frozen section should be performed more often because the gross structure of
      the tumor frequently appears normal. This permits the urologist to change his
      surgical strategy if frozen section is positive for tumor.

PMID- 4049623
TI  - Case profile: scrotal gangrene.

PMID- 4049624
TI  - Diverticular abscess of colon: irritative bladder symptoms.
AB  - Diverticular disease can affect the bladder in subtle ways. Presented herein is a
      case of a chronic abscess secondary to diverticulitis presenting as irritable
      vesical symptoms overlooked for several years. The value of pelvic computerized
      tomography in the diagnosis is stressed.

PMID- 4049625
TI  - Importance of urinary cytology and future role of flow cytometry.
AB  - A study recently completed in our laboratory evaluated the role of flow cytometry
      in comparison with urinary cytology in a clinical practice setting to ascertain
      the utility of this new method in routine diagnostic pathology. In patients being
      followed up for known bladder cancer, urinary cytology yielded a positive result
      in 85 per cent of cases. Flow cytometry yielded a 74 per cent positivity rate.
      The diagnostic accuracy of the two modalities combined was 98 per cent. The lower
      diagnostic yield from flow cytometry occurred in patients treated with topical
      chemotherapy for bladder cancer. This apparent false negative result of flow
      cytometry may be due to paucity of cells from epithelial denudation by the
      topical agents, inhibition of tumor growth by the chemotherapeutic agent, or
      masking of small aneuploid cell populations by a large inflammatory cell
      population. Our results suggest that urinary cytology and flow cytometry are
      complementary laboratory tests in the diagnostic evaluation of bladder cancer
      patients in clinical practice.

PMID- 4049626
TI  - Overview of treatment of superficial bladder cancer.
AB  - Seventy per cent to 80 per cent of patients with bladder cancer will have their
      initial tumor confined to the mucosa (Stage Ta or Tcis, carcinoma in situ) or
      lamina propria (Stage T1), and at least 50 per cent of them will have a true
      recurrence or new recurrence despite resection of their initial tumor. If the
      tumor is of low grade and confined to the mucosa, intravesical chemotherapy might
      be considered either as treatment if the neoplasm is too extensive to resect
      completely or if multiple prior endoscopic resections have failed, or,
      alternatively, as prophylaxis against a subsequent tumor after complete
      endoscopic removal of the existing neoplasm. Thiotepa, until recently the most
      commonly used agent, completely eradicates all obvious tumor in approximately 30
      per cent of patients, and it is effective in preventing subsequent tumor.
      Myelosuppression occurs in up to 20 per cent of patients receiving this agent, so
      careful monitoring of the white blood cell and platelet counts is mandatory.
      Mitomycin has low risk of myelosuppression and is effective in both the treatment
      and prophylaxis of superficial bladder cancer; the complete response rate is the
      same whether patients had an initial low-grade papillary or high-grade tumor
      (carcinoma in situ). Doxorubicin hydrochloride and bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)
      are other agents that have been used for intravesical therapy. Chemical cystitis,
      the primary side effect of doxorubicin, has caused discontinuation of treatment
      in 15 per cent to 20 per cent of patients. The efficacy of doxorubicin varies
      among those reporting its use. BCG has been shown to be effective in both
      treatment and prophylaxis, with response rates similar to those reported for
      mitomycin; however, a comparative trial has not been performed. There is a need
      to standardize the potency of each BCG vial and to determine fully the necessity
      of concomitant intradermal administration.

PMID- 4049627
TI  - Use of mitomycin as prophylaxis following endoscopic resection of superficial
      bladder cancer.
AB  - A prospective controlled study evaluated the influence of long-term mitomycin
      instillation therapy on tumor recurrence, tumor progression rate, and patient
      survival after transurethral resection of superficial bladder tumors. In the
      mitomycin group, 11.1 per cent had recurrent tumors, and among the controls, 54.8
      per cent had recurrent tumors during a mean follow-up of thirty-three and one
      half and thirty-four and one-half months, respectively. The control group had 8
      recurrent tumors of higher stage and 4 of higher grade, whereas all recurrent
      tumors in the mitomycin group that occurred in the bladder were either the same
      grade and the same stage (n = 1) or a lower stage and lower grade (n = 6). Side
      effects were minimal, with 72 per cent of the patients having no side effects.
      Chemical cystitis was the most common side effect, followed by generalized rash.
      No general toxic signs such as myelosuppression were seen.

PMID- 4049629
TI  - [Elastic drain for the treatment of inflammation of the maxillary sinus].

PMID- 4049628
TI  - Consideration for treatment of upper urinary tract tumors with topical therapy.
AB  - The use of topical chemotherapy for the treatment of upper urinary tract
      urothelial tumors and the selection of patients to receive this treatment remain
      problematic because of the relatively infrequent occurrence of these tumors
      compared with similar tumors within the bladder. The lack of clinicopathologic
      information on upper urinary tract urothelial tumors makes pretherapy diagnosis
      and clinical staging difficult. In addition, there are problems associated with
      delivery of the agent, and there is not as yet an effective method of
      surveillance after treatment. Only continued investigation with endoscopic
      diagnosis and treatment, as well as longitudinal follow-up, will determine
      methods of patients selection and the optimal use of topical chemotherapy.

PMID- 4049630
TI  - [Treatment of children with persistent cough in pharyngitis].

PMID- 4049631
TI  - [Indications for vascular shunting of the cochlea].

PMID- 4049632
TI  - [Characteristics of incorporation of streptomycin into the structures of the
      internal ear after exposure to noise].

PMID- 4049633
TI  - [Characteristics of complications of chronic suppurative otitis media in pregnant
      women and parturients].

PMID- 4049635
TI  - [The role of young people in the struggle for peace, training of young
      specialists and increasing their creative activities].

PMID- 4049634
TI  - [Autoimmune mechanism in the pathogenesis of polypous rhinosinusitis].

PMID- 4049636
TI  - [Compensatory-adaptive processes in mucous membrane of the nasal cavity in dust
      induced bronchitis].

PMID- 4049637
TI  - [Transport function of ciliated epithelium of mucous membrane of the nasal cavity
      in inflammatory diseases].

PMID- 4049638
TI  - [Complex hyposensitization using becotide in infectious form of allergic
      rhinosinusitis in agricultural workers].

PMID- 4049639
TI  - [Blood loss during adenotonsillectomy and radical surgery on the maxillary sinus
      in children under anesthesia, and its correction].

PMID- 4049640
TI  - [Functional and morphological characteristics of mucous membrane of the upper
      respiratory tract of workers in cotton-processing plants].

PMID- 4049641
TI  - [Esophageal foreign bodies in infants].

PMID- 4049643
TI  - [Effectiveness of rehabilitation treatment with dry aerosols in patients with
      tonsillitis].

PMID- 4049642
TI  - [Value of zonography in the diagnosis of latent otoantritis in infants].

PMID- 4049644
TI  - [A case of fungal lesions in paranasal sinuses with formation of an aspergilloma
      in the nasal cavity].

PMID- 4049645
TI  - [A rare variant of congenital bilateral incomplete fistula of the neck].

PMID- 4049646
TI  - [A case of an unusual form of dysphagia].

PMID- 4049647
TI  - [Role of cathepsin D of synovial fluid of the knee joint in the pathogenesis of
      traumatic arthritis].
AB  - Activity of cathepsin D in synovial fluid of the knee joint and blood of 113
      patients with injuries of this joint was studied. A conclusion is made about
      pathogenetic role of cathepsin D in the development of reactive arthritis.

PMID- 4049648
TI  - [Penetrating wounds of abdominal cavity in children].
AB  - An analysis of treatment of 26 children with penetrating wounds of the abdominal
      cavity has been made. Extensive laparotomy and careful revision of internal
      organs is shown to be necessary on the establishing of the penetrating character
      of the wound. The presence of shock is not a contraindication to operation.
      Modern anesthesiological methods and intensive treatment in the postoperative
      period improve results of the treatment.

PMID- 4049649
TI  - [Treatment of transcondyloid and epicondylic humeral fractures in children by
      skeletal traction using a pulley on a ring].
AB  - An original method of skeletal traction used in the treatment of 92 children is
      described. Good and excellent results were obtained in 84 of them.

PMID- 4049650
TI  - [Treatment of multiple fractures of bones of the hand and finger phalanges in
      children].
AB  - Results of treatment of 41 children are analysed. Early surgical treatment of the
      wounds, recovery of all the anatomical structures and closed reposition gave good
      and satisfactory results in most of the children.

PMID- 4049651
TI  - [Effect of surgical treatment of developmental anomalies of the fibula in
      children on blood circulation in lower limbs].
AB  - Rheograms of the shin have shown a decrease and asymmetry of the specific blood
      flow, less elasticity of arteries, less velocity of their blood filling in
      patients with malformations of the fibular bone. At early terms after
      reconstructive operations the elasticity of arteries improved, the arterial tone
      decreased, the velocity of blood filling of the arteries on the shin operated
      upon increased. At later terms the parameters of elasticity and venous outflow
      remained normal, the arterial distension increased.

PMID- 4049652
TI  - [Clinico-physiological substantiation of using various methods of anesthesia in
      operations on the lungs in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency].
AB  - The investigation of gas exchange, central hemodynamics and real oxygen transport
      has shown expediency of using ether and fluothane as main anesthetic drugs in
      operations on the lungs in patients with a compensated form of chronic pulmonary
      respiratory insufficiency. Neuroleptoanalgesia decreased the operative risk as
      compared with ether and fluothane. A combined anesthesia with sodium
      hydroxybutyrate in association with drugs for NLA and tranquilizers is thought to
      be the method of choice in patients with a pronounced respiratory insufficiency.

PMID- 4049653
TI  - [Pathogenetic principle of substantiation of indications and programs for
      transfusion therapy in surgical practice].
AB  - On the basis of personal clinical experience and literature data the authors show
      the necessity to formulate indications for transfusion therapy and its prognosis
      not by nosological but by pathogenetic principle, i. e. in relation to
      pathophysiological changes in the patient, similar in different diseases and
      traumas.

PMID- 4049654
TI  - [A device for the prevention of complications during catheterization of the
      subclavian vein].

PMID- 4049655
TI  - [Characteristics of angiotraumatological service in combined injuries of major
      blood vessels of the limbs].

PMID- 4049656
TI  - [Pain as a stimulator of protective and curative processes (the theory of pain)].
AB  - The work deals with the theoretical approach to problem of pain. The mechanism of
      the appearance of pain is considered as lack of correspondence between functional
      capacity of the nervous system and the presented load. The function of pain as
      reparator and stimulator of defensive forces of the organism in pathological
      processes is disclosed. The possible employment of pain as a curative factor in
      practical medicine is discussed.

PMID- 4049657
TI  - [Reconstructive surgery in postgastrectomy syndromes].
AB  - An experience with the treatment of 429 patients with postgastroresection
      syndrome was generalized, in 231 out of them (53,8%) associated pathological
      conditions had been revealed. The selection of the method of treatment was
      dependent on clinical manifestations of the syndrome and its causes. The surgical
      treatment was used in 226 patients (52,7%). Resections occupied the first place
      (69,5%) among the reconstructive operations. Long-term results in 95,2% of the
      examined patients were excellent, good and satisfactory.

PMID- 4049658
TI  - [Diagnosis of liver abscesses].
AB  - The author observed 298 patients with abscesses of the liver of different
      etiology. The frequency of symptoms detected by clinical, laboratory abd
      roentgenological examinations is analysed. The value of special methods of
      examination (such as scanning and radiography of the liver,
      electrorentgenoscanography, echography, laparoscopy) is shown.

PMID- 4049659
TI  - [Various problems of recurrence in echinococcosis].
AB  - Complex experimental and morpho-laboratory examinations of 164 patients and 30
      animals have shown the daughter bullas implanted into the liver tissue of animals
      to perish, the cavity being substituted by the connective tissue. In patients
      with Echinococcosis with the live parasite, suppuration or calcification scolexes
      were not found or died. In cases with the dead parasite and the destroyed
      cuticular membrane scolexes could be found in the fibrous capsule cavity and
      outside its limits. This fact should be taken into consideration when choosing
      the operative method.

PMID- 4049660
TI  - [Intrathoracic complications of hepatic echinococcosis].
AB  - Five clinical forms of intrathoracic complications of hepatic Echinococcosis were
      distinguished on the basis of examination of 115 patients with hepatic
      Echinococcosis. They were: bilio-bronchial, hepato-pleural, hepato-pleuro
      bronchial, hepato-pulmonary and hepato-mediastinal form found in 15 patients
      (13%). The intrathoracic complications must be treated surgically, cases with
      bilio-bronchial complications requiring emergent operative interventions.
      Thoracodiaphragmatomy is thought to be the optimal access.

PMID- 4049661
TI  - [Optimal cationic composition of perfusates in relation to temperature during
      preservation of the liver].
AB  - Search for the optimal concentrations of potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium
      and H+ under different temperature conditions of preservation was performed in
      193 experiments with the 2 h perfusion of the isolated rabbit liver. A nonlinear
      relation was established between the optimal cationic content of the perfusate
      and the liver preservation temperature. The sharpest changes to the optimal
      concentration of cations in the perfusate were found to start when the liver
      preservation temperature had dropped lower than 10-12 degrees C.

PMID- 4049662
TI  - [A common concept of the pathogenesis of intestinal obstruction].
AB  - On the basis of personal investigations and literature data the authors make a
      conclusion of the common nature of pathogenesis of acute ileus and various kinds
      of shock reactions. This common nature is determined by the character of trigger
      mechanisms of pathological reactions and formation of defense reactions of the
      patient.

PMID- 4049663
TI  - [Characteristics of tactics in acute adhesive intestinal obstruction].
AB  - The observation of 192 patients with acute commissural intestinal ileus enabled
      the authors to conclude that early diagnosis of disturbances of the intestinal
      passage performed by clinical and roentgenological methods is the pledge of
      timely operation in this disease. The preoperative preparation and management in
      the postoperative period should be made with regard to the general state of the
      patient and duration of the disease.

PMID- 4049664
TI  - [Problem of candidiasis in surgery].
AB  - On the basis of personal investigations and literature data the authors analyse
      etiopathogenesis of Candidiasis. The suppressed immune system due to
      administration of corticosteroids, antibiotics, immunodepressive drugs, the
      presence of the initial disease and operation proper are responsible for the
      increased amount of fungi on mucous membranes and their more frequent
      colonizations.

PMID- 4049665
TI  - [Trypsin, immobilized on a textile cellulose matrix, in the treatment of
      suppurative wounds of soft tissue].
AB  - In the treatment of 328 patients trypsin immobilized on cellulose matrix was used
      in 110 patients, native enzymes were used in 148 patients and 70 patients were
      given means of physical antiseptics. The results have shown advantages of
      immobilized trypsin for the treatment of the wound process.

PMID- 4049666
TI  - [Liquid-crystal thermography as a diagnostic test in destructive lactation
      mastitis].
AB  - An analysis of the employment of liquid crystal thermography in addition to other
      methods of clinical and laboratory examinations of 109 patients with acute
      destructive mastitis has shown it to be a simple, safe and informative test for
      diagnosis of the disease and its complications.

PMID- 4049667
TI  - [Elaboration of organ-sparing operations in cavernous tuberculosis of the
      kidneys].
AB  - A clinico-experimental study was performed in 132 rabbits and 8 patients. The
      formation of so-called "giant caverns" is thought by the authors to be due to
      disturbed vascularization of proximal portions of the tubules resulting in their
      gradual destruction and fusion. The necessary removal of not only the superficial
      retention structures erroneously called "giant cavern" but also the somewhat
      deeper caseous-cavernous tuberculosis focus is stressed.

PMID- 4049669
TI  - [Successful correction of a congenital anomaly (a tricameral heart with a common
      atrium)].

PMID- 4049668
TI  - [Difficulties and errors in the diagnosis and treatment of acute paranephritis in
      surgical practice].
AB  - The authors share their experience with the treatment of 161 patients operated on
      for purulent paranephritis. Causes of the greater incidence of purulent
      paranephritis and features of their clinical course are analysed. High diagnostic
      value of ultrasonography is shown. In order to render the aid in due time the
      authors propose to operate on the patients within the first hours after making
      diagnosis.

PMID- 4049670
TI  - [Various aspects of the development of the problem of the diagnosis and surgery
      of cranio-cerebral injuries].
AB  - Modern principles of diagnosis and specific treatment of different kinds of
      cranio-cerebral traumas are elucidated on the basis of the authors' personal
      experience and literature data.

PMID- 4049671
TI  - [Relaparotomy in abdominal injuries].
AB  - Relaparotomies in the postoperative period were performed in 56 out of 529
      patients (10,6%) operated upon for injuries of organs of the abdominal cavity.
      Twenty-two of them died. In most cases relaparotomies were caused by peritonitis,
      intraabdominal bleedings and abscesses.

PMID- 4049672
TI  - Nodular hyperplasia in the liver of the dog: an association with changes in the
      Ito cell population.
AB  - The prevalence and morphological features of hyperplastic nodules in the liver of
      the dog were studied in a series of 50 consecutive post-mortem examinations.
      Macroscopically visible nodules were present in 35 of 50 dogs (70%), and the
      prevalence was related to age. The earliest age at which nodules were found was
      between 6 and 8 years. They were present in all dogs older than 14 or more years.
      The lesions were focal, multiple and consistently had evidence of a lobular
      pattern. There was no liver fibrosis. No direct association between previous drug
      administration or specific extrahepatic disease was found. Changes in the
      perisinusoidal fat storing cells (Ito cells) were observed in the dogs in this
      study. These changes comprised proliferation and hypertrophy and were recorded
      predominantly in dogs with hepatic nodules. The presence of a ceroid pigment was
      correlated with these changes. The pigment, together with lipid and macrophages,
      was present in the form of lipogranulomata. Lipogranulomata were observed in the
      parenchyma and in the portal areas of dogs with hepatic nodules. These changes
      may play a role in the pathogenesis of nodular hyperplasia in the liver of the
      dog.

PMID- 4049673
TI  - Hereditary multifocal renal cystadenocarcinomas and nodular dermatofibrosis in
      the German shepherd dog: macroscopic and histopathologic changes.
AB  - A syndrome characterized by bilateral, multifocal renal cystadenocarcinomas and
      nodular dermatofibrosis was found in 43 German shepherd dogs. Affected kidneys
      varied in weight from normal to 2950 g. The cut surface revealed multiple solid
      and cystic tumors that varied in size from barely visible to 27 cm in diameter.
      Metastases were found in ten of the 23 dogs examined since 1979. All 23 dogs had
      numerous firm nodules in the skin and subcutis, and ten of 11 bitches had
      multiple uterine leiomyomas. Histological examination of the renal cortex showed
      multifocal hyperplastic to highly malignant epithelial proliferations. Skin
      lesions consisted of dense collagen fibers, and the uterine tumors consisted of
      interlacing bundles of smooth muscle cells. Pedigree analysis strongly indicates
      that the syndrome is hereditary, probably in an autosomal dominant pattern. This
      seems to be the first description of such a syndrome in domestic animals.
      Comparable syndromes in man are discussed.

PMID- 4049674
TI  - The pathogenesis of persistent turbinate atrophy induced by toxigenic Pasteurella
      multocida in pigs.
AB  - Six one-week-old piglets were pretreated with a 1% acetic acid solution for two
      days in one or both nostrils. Three piglets were not treated with acetic acid.
      Three days after treatment all nine piglets were inoculated in both nostrils with
      a toxigenic type D strain of Pasteurella multocida. Three piglets were killed
      seven days after inoculation; one died spontaneously 13 days after inoculation
      and the remaining pigs were killed at approximately 90 kg body weight, i.e., five
      to six months of age. All acetic acid-treated animals developed severe atrophy of
      the turbinates in the treated nostrils. Untreated nostrils were normal. The
      present results showed that toxigenic P. multocida can induce turbinate atrophy
      that persisted until 90 kg body weight when the lesions were similar to
      spontaneous atrophic rhinitis in pigs. The turbinate atrophy was not accompanied
      by inflammatory reaction, atrophy of other bone structures, or lesions in other
      organs. The experiment showed furthermore that toxigenic P. multocida may be
      present in the tonsils of control animals without causing turbinate atrophy. A
      pathogenesis for atrophic rhinitis in pigs is proposed.

PMID- 4049675
TI  - Testicular (Sertoli's cell)-like tumors of the ovary induced by N-ethyl-N
      nitrosourea (ENU) in rats.
AB  - N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) administered intraperitoneally or transplacentally to
      Sprague-Dawley (CD) and BD-IV (Berlin Druckrey IV) rats increased the incidence
      (26.6%) of an uncommon ovarian tumor with testicular characteristics compared
      either to controls (3.0%) or rats administered diethylnitrosamine (3.3%). The
      induced tumors were composed of tubular structures that resembled seminiferous
      tubules lined by Sertoli's-like cells. The abundant electron-lucent cytoplasm of
      the tumor cells contained polyribosomes, lipid bodies, and mitochondria but few
      additional organelles. Sertoli's cell-like tumors appeared to develop from the
      ovarian stroma in the hilar region of the ovary. They usually were benign and
      resulted in unilateral enlargement of the ovary. The mean serum concentrations of
      testosterone, estrone, and estradiol in selected rats with ovarian tumors were
      elevated above mean serum values in controls. There was not a consistent direct
      correlation between tumor diameter and circulating hormone level. Ethyl
      nitrosourea-induced ovarian tumors composed of testicular (Sertoli's-like) cells
      will provide a reproducible animal model to investigate the histogenesis and
      hormone secreting properties of this unique gonadal neoplasm.

PMID- 4049676
TI  - A feline dental tumor resembling calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor in man.

PMID- 4049677
TI  - Unusual multisystemic vascular lesions in a cat.

PMID- 4049678
TI  - Thymoma with distant metastases in a cat.

PMID- 4049679
TI  - Sarcomatoid renal adenocarcinoma in a cat.

PMID- 4049680
TI  - Bilateral undifferentiated renal sarcomas in a rhesus monkey.

PMID- 4049681
TI  - Spontaneous plasma cell myeloma in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo).

PMID- 4049683
TI  - Histophilus ovis epididymitis in a ram in the UK.

PMID- 4049682
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of botulism in lions.
AB  - Six circus lions (Panthera leo) showed neurological and gastrointestinal signs
      after consuming casualty broiler chickens. Signs included ataxia, hindlimb
      paralysis and recumbency. Neurological examination of two affected males showed
      paralysis of extraocular muscles, fixed dilated pupils and inability to swallow.
      Replacement fluids and antibiotics were given and Clostridium botulinum type C
      antitoxin was found in serum samples. Type C antitoxin was not then available and
      therapy was started in one lioness with guanidine hydrochloride. Convulsions were
      controlled by diazepam but this animal died. One of the two males was given type
      C antitoxin; both were given anabolic steroids. All the remaining animals made
      slow recoveries over varying periods; one lion was recumbent for 41 days. No lion
      developed respiratory paralysis; other animals which had consumed the chickens
      remained healthy. Aspects of the treatment of botulism in animals are discussed.

PMID- 4049684
TI  - Streptococcal meningitis in pigs: field trial to compare the effects of two
      different treatments.

PMID- 4049685
TI  - Leptospires in pig urogenital tracts and fetuses.

PMID- 4049686
TI  - Canine parvovirus vaccination.

PMID- 4049687
TI  - Cats, dogs and caterpillars.

PMID- 4049688
TI  - Tremor and ataxia in a West Highland white terrier.

PMID- 4049689
TI  - Feeding in relation to suckler cow management and fertility.
AB  - Profitable suckled calf production, like any other business, depends on the
      balance between costs and output (Fig 1). The major costs incurred in suckled
      calf production are feed costs to the cow. Output is simply the weight of weaned
      calf sold per cow put to the bull, coupled with planned marketing of good
      quality, cull cows. To maintain this balance at an optimum level requires correct
      herd management. This can only be achieved with all cows in the herd being at a
      similar stage of production--a compact two-month calving period. In the long
      term, a compact two month calving period can only be maintained with correct
      management of bulling and first-calved heifers. Day-to-day management decisions
      must be based on the current condition of the cows in relation to the target
      condition scores set for the system. Understanding this model allows a simple
      management system to be implemented and achieve the high levels of fertility and
      suckled calf output required for a profitable enterprise in today's economic
      climate.

PMID- 4049690
TI  - Hip scoring scheme: breed update.

PMID- 4049691
TI  - Ototoxicity in the dog and cat.

PMID- 4049692
TI  - Unfamiliar bacteria isolated from cats.

PMID- 4049693
TI  - Bovine leptospirosis: some clinical features of serovar hardjo infection.
AB  - During an investigation of natural in utero infection of cattle by Leptospira
      interrogans strains, infection (almost entirely caused by serovar hardjo) was
      diagnosed in 57 per cent of 505 calves (472 aborted fetuses, 20 stillborn calves
      and 13 perinatal deaths) examined over a six-year period. The prevalence of
      leptospire-infected fetuses showed a seasonal increase in September, October and
      December and was significantly higher in fetuses aborted by dairy cows than in
      fetuses aborted by beef cows. The majority of infected fetuses were aborted from
      the sixth month of gestation onwards. Cows which aborted infected fetuses had not
      previously exhibited overt signs of agalactia. There was an association between
      leptospiral infection and retention of fetal membranes.

PMID- 4049694
TI  - Post mortem studies on infertile buffalo bulls: anatomical and microbiological
      findings.
AB  - Twenty-two buffalo bulls suffering from three different types of infertility were
      slaughtered and used for this study. Except for the reproductive system, no signs
      of localised or generalised disease were observed. Microbiological investigations
      were negative for brucellosis, vibriosis, mycoplasma and other non-specific
      microorganisms. Nine bulls with type 1 infertility had low bodyweights and
      underdevelopment of testes, accessory sex glands and endocrine glands. This
      picture suggests a total dysfunction of the pituitary-growth-gonadal axis. One
      bull of this type also showed bilateral epididymitis. Four out of 11 bulls with
      type 2 infertility had low bodyweights and most suffered from underdevelopment of
      testes, accessory sex glands and endocrine glands. Six bulls of this type had
      lesions of either epididymitis or orchitis or both. Two of these animals showed
      adhesions of periorchitis. One also showed seminal vesiculitis. In two bulls with
      type 3 infertility, bodyweights, reproductive organs and endocrine glands were
      normal. In later life, they yielded poor quality semen. Semen samples collected a
      few months before slaughter from nine bulls with type 2 and type 3 infertility
      were of poor quality and had higher percentages of abnormal spermatozoa in most
      cases.

PMID- 4049695
TI  - Ovarian haemangioma in sows.

PMID- 4049697
TI  - Urine drinking.

PMID- 4049696
TI  - Aujeszky's disease: more than one lesson to be learned.

PMID- 4049698
TI  - Road accident complication in a cat.

PMID- 4049699
TI  - Pet insurance.

PMID- 4049700
TI  - Uterine tube abnormalities as a cause of bovine infertility.
AB  - A total of 2000 bovine reproductive tracts (1000 parous and 1000 nulliparous)
      from freshly slaughtered animals were examined for uterine tube abnormalities and
      lesions. Tubal lesions were recorded in 180 tracts (9.0 per cent). More parous
      tracts (6.4 per cent) had tubal lesions than nulliparous tracts (2.6 per cent).
      The most frequently identified lesion was ovarobursal adhesions which comprised
      80 per cent of all abnormalities and were identified in 6.85 per cent of all the
      genital tracts examined. The uterine tubes were insufflated with carbon dioxide
      gas to a maximum pressure of 300 mm Hg; 22 were found to be occluded even though
      they were macroscopically normal.

PMID- 4049702
TI  - A simple method for correcting rectal prolapse in pigs.

PMID- 4049701
TI  - Prolonged gestation in sheep in western Scotland associated with diffuse neuronal
      necrosis of the fetal central nervous system.
AB  - A specific disorder of sheep resulting in gestation periods extending up to eight
      months is reported for the first time. The condition, which is of low prevalence,
      occurs on hill farms in coastal regions of western Scotland and affected ewes
      usually die unless relieved of their fetuses by surgery. The fetuses may weigh up
      to 12 kg and have long hairy coats, skeletal deformities, precocious gonadal
      development and extensive liquefaction of central nervous system tissue. The
      aetiology has not been determined but some mechanisms which may be involved in
      the pathogenesis are discussed.

PMID- 4049703
TI  - Haemogregarine infection in long term captive Mediterranean tortoises.

PMID- 4049704
TI  - Perforated gastric ulcer associated with disseminated staphylococcal granuloma
      (botryomycosis) in a cat.

PMID- 4049705
TI  - Necrotic stomatitis of captive Dorcas gazelles.

PMID- 4049706
TI  - Prolapsed proventriculus in dead chicks after air shipment.

PMID- 4049708
TI  - Effect of atrophic rhinitis vaccines on the reaction of pigs to serological tests
      for brucellosis.

PMID- 4049707
TI  - Prevalence of pig herds affected by pleuropneumonia associated with Haemophilus
      pleuropneumoniae in eastern England.
AB  - A survey for the macroscopic lesions indicative of pneumonic infection in the pig
      with Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae was made in an abattoir in eastern England. A
      total of 78 herds located in 11 counties of eastern or central England were seen
      between December 1982 and August 1983. Lesions were noted in the batches
      submitted by 44 (56 per cent) of the 78 herds. A further 16 herds (21 per cent)
      submitted batches containing pigs affected by pleurisy principally of the caudal
      lobes but without the pneumonic lesions. Lesions suggestive of enzootic pneumonia
      were also seen in 61 herds (78 per cent). Circumstances restricted corroborative
      bacteriological examinations to 53 and serological examinations to 33 herds.
      Strains of H pleuropneumoniae (predominantly serotype 3 but also serotype 2) were
      isolated from 26 herds. These comprised 22 out of 42 (51 per cent) of those where
      typically affected plucks, or plucks with caudal lobe pleurisy, were encountered,
      and four out of 11 (36 per cent) in which there was either no observable thoracic
      disease or enzootic pneumonia only. Complement fixing antibodies to serotype 3 or
      2 antigens occurred in 26 out of 33 herds (79 per cent). These comprised 25 (83
      per cent) of 30 herds with batches exhibiting either typical pulmonary lesions
      and, or, caudal lobe pleurisy and one of three herds without such lesions.
      Collectively these data indicate that herds containing pigs with pleuropneumonia
      are common at least in the more easterly parts of England and that H
      pleuropneumoniae, usually but not always associated with disease, is also
      widespread.

PMID- 4049709
TI  - Stunting syndrome of broilers.

PMID- 4049710
TI  - Luxating patellae in Devon rex cats.

PMID- 4049711
TI  - P. multocida type B:2 isolated from poultry in Iran.

PMID- 4049712
TI  - Effects of drought on the animal population in Eritrea.

PMID- 4049713
TI  - Evidence for the non-involvement of the uterus in the lifespan of the corpus
      luteum in the cyclic dog.
AB  - Progesterone levels in peripheral blood of dogs were analysed during the cycle in
      which hysterectomy (n = 5) or sham surgery (n = 3) was performed as well as
      during the cycle of dogs (n = 5) hysterectomized at least one year prior to this
      study; the data were compared with the findings in control dogs (n = 3). The
      averages of the duration of the luteal period observed in the three experimental
      groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. Immediately
      after surgery, the progesterone level decreased from 25 to 50% of the presurgical
      level, but returned to presurgical level in about four days. Prolactin levels
      were elevated for about 30 h after surgery. Nevertheless, the averages of the
      mean prolactin levels for each animal during the luteal period of the
      experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs.
      It is concluded that in the dog, the uterus is not involved in the lifespan of
      the cyclic corpus luteum.

PMID- 4049714
TI  - Shortening of the interoestrous interval and the lifespan of the corpus luteum of
      the cyclic dog by bromocryptine treatment.
AB  - Four beagle bitches were treated orally, twice daily with 250 micrograms
      bromocryptine, an inhibitor of prolactin secretion, from D1-D5 (D1 is defined as
      the first day of the luteal period) until the onset of the next prooestrus (n =
      2) or the end of the luteal period (n = 2) of the following cycle. The mean
      interoestrous interval in the experimental group (123.3 +/- 23.1 day; n = 4) was
      significantly (p less than 0.001) shorter than the average of the mean values of
      the interoestrous interval (245.9 +/- 8.8 day; n = 36) of 10 control bitches.
      This shortening is mainly a consequence of a reduction to 35% of the anoestrous
      period of normally cyclic dogs. The luteal period of the first cycle was
      shortened to 78% compared with the luteal period of control dogs and this is also
      a contributing factor.

PMID- 4049715
TI  - Dose dependent disposition of sulphadimidine and of its N4-acetyl and hydroxy
      metabolites in plasma and milk of dairy cows.
AB  - The disposition of sulphadimidine (SDM) and of its N4-acetyl (N4-SDM) and two
      hydroxy metabolites, 6-hydroxymethyl-(SCH2OH) and 5-hydroxyasulphadimidine (SOH),
      was studied in plasma and milk of dairy cows following intramuscular or
      intravenous administration of sulphadimididine-33.3% at doses of 10, 45, 50, and
      100 mg/kg. The main metabolite in plasma as well as in milk was SCH2OH. The
      metabolite percentages, the final plasma elimination half-lives, and the time of
      peak SDM concentrations in milk are presented for different dosages. The
      concentrations of SDM and its metabolites in milk ran parallel to those in plasma
      beyond 4 hours p.i. The metabolite concentrations in plasma and milk were lower
      than those of the parent SDM. Sulphate and glucuronide metabolites could not be
      detected in milk. At high doses (45 mg/kg or more) and SDM plasma concentrations
      exceeding 20 micrograms/ml, a capacity limited metabolism of SDM to SCH2OH was
      noticed, viz. a steady state concentration of SCH2OH and a biphasic elimination
      pattern for SDM and SCH2OH in plasma and milk. The mean ultrafiltrate ratios of
      the milk to plasma concentrations with respect to SDM, SCH2OH, SOH, and N4-SDM
      were: 0.69, 0.22, 020, and 0.63, respectively. The total amount of SDM and its
      metabolites recovered from the milk after milking twice daily over the whole
      experimental time was less than 2% of the applied dose. A bioassay method allowed
      of detecting qualitatively SDM concentrations exceeding 0.2 micrograms/ml in
      plasma or milk. Withholding times for edible tissues and milk are suggested.

PMID- 4049716
TI  - Chorioptes bovis (Acarina: Psoroptidae) in some camelids from Dutch zoos.
AB  - The feet of three two-humped camels (Camelus bactrianus), one lama (Lama glama)
      and four alpacas (Lama pacos) from zoos and a circus in the Netherlands were
      examined for the mange-mite Choroptes bovis. Mites were found on two of the
      camels, the lama, and three of the alpacas. On one camel and one alpaca small
      mange lesions on the feet were present. This is the first report of Chorioptes
      bovis and chorioptic mange in the two-humped camel.

PMID- 4049717
TI  - Otoscopy, rhinoscopy, and bronchoscopy in small animal clinics.
AB  - Otoscopy, rhinoscopy, and bronchoscopy are indispensable techniwues in ear, nose,
      and throat clinics and in diseases of the trachea and the bronchial tree. The
      quality of the instruments used in these techniques is of primary importance. The
      endoscopic procedures, the instruments used, and the indications for the
      examinations are discussed.

PMID- 4049718
TI  - Cystourethroscopy in the dog.
AB  - The cystourethroscopic examination with cold light cystoscopes forms an essential
      part of a complete urological examination and is useful for diagnostic as well as
      surgical procedures. The fast and non-invasive character of the procedure limits
      the inconvenience to the patient. With the rigid non-flexible scope its use is,
      however, limited to female dogs, unless in the male dog a urethro(s)tomy is
      performed.

PMID- 4049719
TI  - Gastrointestinal endoscopy in the dog.
AB  - Gastrointestinal endoscopy has proved to be an important tool in the diagnosis of
      gastrointestinal disease in the dog. An endoscope for the examination of
      oesophagus, stomach, and colon is described. Examination of the duodenum is also
      possible with this type of endoscope in the larger breeds of dogs. Indications,
      advantages, and disadvantages of the endoscopy are pointed out.

PMID- 4049720
TI  - Endoscopic diagnosis and removal of gastric foreign bodies in a caiman (Caiman
      crocodilus crocodilus).
AB  - An 8-year-old caiman (Caiman crocodilus crocodilus) was presented, its history
      being given as absence of bowel movements and anorexia after ingestion of a
      rubber toy. Radiologic examination of the abdomen revealed no abnormalities. On
      gastroscopic examination many radiolucent foreign bodies were detected and
      removed. Five days after the removal of the foreign bodies from the stomach the
      caiman was alert and active and showed a normal appetite.

PMID- 4049721
TI  - Arthroscopy of the canine stifle.
AB  - Arthroscopy is presented as a safe, non-invasive diagnostic technique in dogs
      with knee-joint lesions. Equipment, procedure, and indications are briefly
      described. Advantages and disadvantages are summarized.

PMID- 4049722
TI  - Endoscopy in birds.
AB  - Endoscopic examination is described as a valuable diagnostic method in birds. In
      the introduction, reference is made to the literature on this subject. Apart from
      the classical approaches, alternative sites to enter the thoraco-abdominal cavity
      in birds are discussed. The basic equipment for endoscopy in birds is described
      and a new biopsy forceps which makes a secondary puncture redundant is
      introduced. After a discussion of the indications and complications, the value of
      the endoscopic examination is compared with other diagnostic methods for the
      diagnosis of avian tuberculosis in birds.

PMID- 4049723
TI  - Cloacoscopy in reptiles.
AB  - Endoscopy of the reptile cloaca is a noninvasive method for the diagnosis of
      disorders of the cloaca and the structures which empty into it. The technique may
      also be helpful in sex determination and for local administration of drugs.

PMID- 4049724
TI  - Prophylactic efficacy of clorsulon against Fasciola hepatica in calves and sheep.
AB  - A daily oral 5 mg kg-1 dose of clorsulon for 28 days in calves given Fasciola
      hepatica cysts at 3, 5, and 7 days after initiation of treatment was highly
      effective in reducing worm burdens (98%) and preventing liver pathology. In
      similarly infected and treated sheep, clorsulon showed little effect as a
      prophylactic for delaying the onset of liver pathology. The size of flukes
      recovered from treated sheep was reduced. Although clorsulon prevented
      development of fascioliasis in treated calves, the host antibody response was
      qualitatively similar to that of untreated infected calves, but the magnitude of
      the response was reduced. Blood clorsulon levels in calves rose to 2.90
      micrograms ml-1 within the first week of treatment then fluctuated between 2.65
      and 2.90 micrograms ml-1 for the next two weeks. Clorsulon levels in sheep were
      0.50-0.60 micrograms ml-1 lower than those in calf blood. The difference in
      bioavailability of clorsulon between sheep and calves may have contributed to
      differences in efficacy of the drug.

PMID- 4049725
TI  - Studies on fascioliasis in four selected sites in Ethiopia.
AB  - The incidence of fascioliasis was studied in Asela, Awasa, Debre Zeit and Debre
      Berhan by using 153 experimental sheep divided up into 4 groups designated tracer
      sheep, Controls I, II and III. Fasciola hepatica was encountered in Debre Berhan,
      Asela and Awasa, but it was not detected at Debre Zeit. In all areas, it was most
      frequently recovered after heavy rains. Altitude, soil type, salt content and
      local crowding of animals in watering sites appear to have influenced the varying
      degrees of incidence and intensity of infection.

PMID- 4049726
TI  - Effects of the use of a morantel sustained release bolus in first and second year
      grazing cattle.
AB  - In an experiment carried out in 1981 and 1982, the effect of the use of a
      morantel sustained release bolus (Paratect bolus) on the weight gain and a number
      of parasitological parameters of cattle was studied. In the first year 42 calves
      were divided into 3 equal groups, one group was kept outside and treated with a
      bolus (B), the second group was kept outside and was not treated (C), while the
      third group remained indoors (I). Groups B and C were grazed separately on
      contaminated pasture. During the first months Group B had a negligible egg
      output. The egg output in the controls was much higher and in mid-August they had
      to be treated for parasitic gastroenteritis. At the end of the grazing season the
      advantage in weight gain of Group B was 20 kg compared with the controls. During
      the housing period the growth in the 3 groups was not significantly different. At
      the start of the second grazing season half the animals of Groups B, C and I
      received a bolus (Groups BB, CB and IB). The other half remained untreated (BC,
      CC and IC). The animals treated with a bolus in 1982 gained significantly more
      weight (64 g/day) than untreated animals. Heifers turned out for the first time
      (IB and IC) showed much less weight gain than heifers in their second grazing
      season. The heifers which had previously grazed in 1981 had a very low egg output
      compared with Groups IB and IC, although the level of egg output of the latter
      was also not very high (max, almost 40 (eggs per gram (EPG)). In faecal cultures
      of heifers of Group BC, CB and CC, no Cooperia oncophora-larvae were seen from
      May onwards, indicating a strong immunity against this species. In Group BB very
      low numbers of C. oncophora-larvae were observed. In Groups IB and IC, C.
      oncophora was present during the whole season. At the end of the first season the
      level of herbage infestation on the control pastures was much higher. In 1982
      only slight differences in level of infestation between the pastures were
      observed. At the start of the season in 1982 serum pepsinogen levels were much
      higher in the groups which grazed in 1981, compared with the indoor-fed groups.
      Groups BC and CC had significantly higher levels than Groups BB and CB and all 4
      groups always had higher levels than Groups IB and IC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 4049727
TI  - Experimental infection of pups with Ancylostoma caninum-infected mouse tissues.
AB  - Migration and distribution of Ancylostoma caninum larvae in the tissues of mice
      orally infected with 1000 larvae, and establishment of patent infection from the
      mice to the definitive host, were studied. Larval yield from different organs of
      mice, after digestion with artificial gastric juice, indicated that the highest
      recovery was at 4 h post-infection (62.8%), and thereafter a slight decline
      occurred up until 30 days post-infection (51.5%). Migration of larvae to the
      lungs occurred within 4 h, to the liver within 12 h and into the heart within 24
      h. No larvae were recovered from spleen and kidney tissues. From the 9th day
      onwards larvae were also recovered from the brain. Migration in the muscles of
      head and neck occurred within 4 h, in the thoracic and abdominal muscles at 24 h
      and in lumbosacral and leg muscles at 48 h. The establishment of patent
      infections in the definitive host was studied by feeding the orally- and
      percutaneously-infected mice to hookworm-free pups at 10 and 30 days post
      infection. The mean necropsy worm burden in the pups fed with the orally-infected
      mice was comparatively higher than in the pups fed cutaneously-infected mice.

PMID- 4049728
TI  - Oral transmission of Trypanosoma evansi infection in dogs and mice.
AB  - A successful attempt has been made to transmit T. evansi orally in dogs and mice
      by allowing them to feed on infected meat and blood. The infection status was
      determined by daily examination of blood smears and clinical manifestations of
      trypanosomiasis.

PMID- 4049729
TI  - Viability and virulence of Babesia rodhaini eight years after cryogenic
      preservation with dimethyl sulfoxide.
AB  - Mouse blood infected with Babesia rodhaini and containing an equal volume of 4 M
      dimethyl sulfoxide was infective after storage at -196 degrees C for 8 years. The
      Babesia organisms were still able to cause lethal infections after prolonged low
      temperature storage.

PMID- 4049730
TI  - Effects of Pasteurella haemolytica cytotoxin on ovine peripheral blood leucocytes
      and lymphocytes obtained from gastric lymph.
AB  - Ovine peripheral blood leucocytes were separated on discontinuous Percoll density
      gradients into fractions rich in lymphocytes (PBLy) and polymorphonuclear
      leucocytes. Supernatant fluid from a dialysis sac culture of Pasteurella
      haemolytica biotype A serotype 1 (A1) was cytotoxic to these leucocytes in vitro.
      PBLy retained viability after storage in liquid nitrogen and could be employed in
      cytotoxicity assays. However, sheep cannulated via the common gastric lymph duct
      were an excellent source of large numbers of homogeneous lymphoid cells (GLy)
      which also stored well in liquid nitrogen. As both freshly collected and stored
      GLy were killed by culture supernatant fluid GLy offer advantages as target cells
      for further characterisation of the extracellular cytotoxin produced by P.
      haemolytica. From the results obtained, it is considered that all ovine
      leucocytes are susceptible to P. haemolytica cytotoxin.

PMID- 4049731
TI  - The use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the IgM and
      IgG antibody response to Leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo, pomona and
      tarassovi in cattle.
AB  - Leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, hardjo and tarassovi were each used to
      inoculate 6 cattle. Three-hundred and ninety-nine sera collected from the
      inoculated animals and from a control group over a 3-month period were tested
      using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and the enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Leptospiruria was monitored by microscopic
      examination and culture. The ELISA detected specific IgM antibody against the
      serovars in all infected cattle 1 week after inoculation. This IgM antibody
      persisted in most of the animals for 3-5 weeks. Specific IgG antibody appeared at
      the same time or just after IgM, but persisted for much longer. Levels of
      antibody detected by the ELISA and the MAT did not correlate with each other, nor
      with the periods of leptospiruria found in the infected cattle.

PMID- 4049732
TI  - Pasteurella haemolytica: purification of saline-extractable proteins by
      isoelectrofocusing.
AB  - A procedure was developed for separating antigens associated with a saline
      extract of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1. Seven antigens were identified by
      immunoelectrophoresis to be associated with the extract. The extract was
      subjected to preparative isoelectrofocusing in a pH range of 3-10. The majority
      of extracted proteins were found to have pI's of 4-6, whereas the carbohydrate
      antigen(s) were distributed over a pI range of 3.0-8.0. The fractions that were
      of interest were pooled and refocused in a narrower pH range to improve
      resolution of the protein antigens. Specific antigens from defined pH ranges were
      pooled to form 6 antigen groups. These antigen groups were examined further by
      immunoelectrophoresis, analytical isoelectrofocusing, and sodium dodecyl sulphate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weights of the proteins found
      in the capsular extracts ranged from 33 k to greater than 80 k. Injection of mice
      with capsular extract or antigen Groups 1-6 in Freund's incomplete adjuvant
      resulted in a serum antibody response to the various antigens as detected by an
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Significant protection (P less than 0.05)
      against challenge with virulent P. haemolytica was seen in mice injected with
      antigen Groups 2 and 4. Six calves were immunized with saline extract. These
      calves had greater resistance to experimental pneumonic pasteurellosis than did 6
      non-vaccinated calves. A serum antibody response to the crude extract and to each
      antigen group was detected in vaccinated calves by an enzyme-linked immunosorbant
      assay.

PMID- 4049733
TI  - Modification of membrane permeability during Semliki Forest virus infection.
AB  - Modification of membrane permeability has been analyzed in Semliki Forest virus
      (SFV)-infected cells by means of translation inhibitors not permeable to normal
      cells. A higher inhibition of protein synthesis in the infected cells is only
      observed with those antibiotics that do not easily pass the cell membrane, but
      not with others, permeable to cells, such as anisomycin, cycloheximide,
      trichodermin, etc. It does not, therefore, seem that the suggestion of M. A.
      Gray, K. J. Micklem, and C. A. Pasternak [Eur. J. Biochem. 135, 299-302, (1983)]
      that protein synthesis in virus-infected cells is more susceptible to translation
      inhibitors in general is correct. Both low- and high-molecular weight compounds
      enter the cell very early during SFV infection. This permeabilization is blocked
      by compounds known to increase the pH of coated vesicles, such as NH4Cl and
      chloroquine. Inhibition of energy production by means of N3Na and 2'-deoxyglucose
      also blocks this process. The optimal external pH for this early permeabilization
      is around 7-8. Acidic pH inhibits the entry of these impermeant antibiotics
      promoted by SFV. Analysis of 86Rb+ content in SFV-infected HeLa cells also
      indicates that a drastic decline in this cation takes place, in agreement with
      previous findings, but disagreeing with the previous results. A parallel between
      the decrease in this cation and the blockade of protein synthesis is apparent,
      throughout the course of infection. In addition to the early permeabilization
      that takes place during virus entry, increased entry of hygromycin B and alpha
      sarcin also occurs in SFV-infected cells from 2 to 3 hr postinfection, but not
      when late viral replication is blocked by means of interferon treatment.

PMID- 4049734
TI  - Turnip yellow mosaic virus and its capsid have thermal stabilities with opposite
      pH dependence: studies by differential scanning calorimetry and 31P nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - In the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) scans of turnip yellow mosaic
      virus (TYMV) or its capsid a single endotherm was observed. The endotherm was
      attributed to disruption of the virion or capsid structure with accompanying
      protein denaturation. At pH 4.5 the thermal stabilities of the TYMV virion and
      capsid were similar. With increasing pH, the capsid stability increased while the
      virion stability decreased. At neutral pH the capsid disrupted at 83.5 degrees,
      and the virion disrupted at 69 degrees. Our results suggest that packaging of
      viral RNA in the TYMV capsid imparts instability. The pHmid for disruption of the
      TYMV capsid is 5.7, which is in the pKa range expected for histidine side chains.
      Hence repulsive interactions involving one or more of the three histidines of the
      TYMV coat protein may explain the decreased stability of the TYMV capsid at low
      pH. This conclusion is supported further by the observation that belladonna
      mottle virus (BDMV) capsid (BDMV and TYMV belong to the tymo virus group), which
      contains no histidine in its coat protein, did not exhibit pH-dependent
      stability. The size of the cooperative unit in the disruption of TYMV capsid was
      estimated to be approximately that of a dimer of the coat protein, at pH 7.0, but
      a larger oligomer at low pH. Several reports implicate pH-dependent protein-RNA
      interactions with a pHmid near 7 as important in stabilizing tymovirus virions.
      Both DSC and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance linewidth analyses of the TYMV virion
      showed a transition midpoint at pH 7.0.

PMID- 4049735
TI  - Analysis of multiple forms of human adenovirus type 5 E1A polypeptides using an
      anti-peptide antiserum specific for the amino terminus.
AB  - Studies were carried out to further characterize the proteins coded for by the
      early 1A region (E1A) of human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) in lytically infected
      cells using an antiserum prepared against a synthetic octapeptide corresponding
      to the amino termini of E1A products as well as another anti-peptide serum
      specific for the carboxy termini. Both sera precipitated the same collection of
      four major and two minor acidic phosphoproteins and it was confirmed that each of
      the 1.1- and 0.9-kb E1A mRNAs code for two major and one minor species. These
      data also indicated that none of the E1A species was produced by proteolytic
      cleavage. The deletion mutant dl313 which lacks DNA coding for the last 70 C
      terminal amino acids of E1A products also produced multiple species which
      suggested that post-translational modifications involved in their generation do
      not take place in this region of the proteins. The N-terminal serum was effective
      in detecting neither the truncated 1.1-kb mRNA product predicted for the mutant
      hr1 nor the product of the small 0.6-kb E1A mRNA, suggesting that these species
      are either very short-lived in infected cells or exist in a conformation in which
      the amino terminus is inaccessable to the antibody.

PMID- 4049736
TI  - A light-weight, low-cost optokinetic drum.
AB  - Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), a periodic sawtooth movement of the eyes, is
      maximally elicited when a subject's entire visual field is moving. The most
      appropriate stimulus for the generation of OKN is an optokinetic drum that
      completely surrounds the subject. Such drums tend to be massive and can only be
      accelerated rapidly with a powerful motor. This report describes construction
      details of a drum designed especially to minimize moment of inertia and cost as
      well.

PMID- 4049737
TI  - Distribution and soma size of ganglion cells in the retina of the eastern
      chipmunk (Tamias sibiricus asiaticus).
AB  - Topographic distribution and soma size of ganglion cells were studied in Nissl
      stained, whole-mounted retinas of the eastern chipmunk. High density areas in the
      central retina were elongated horizontally, making up the visual streak. The
      total count of ganglion cells was estimated as 410,000. Throughout the retina
      soma size of ganglion cells showed a uimodal distribution, although a distinct
      population of large cells was found in the dorso-temporal periphery.

PMID- 4049738
TI  - Visual persistence from brief letters and pictures.
AB  - The visual persistence from briefly presented letters and pictures was assessed
      by the popular probe-matching procedure over a range of background and target
      luminance levels and for several color conditions. It was determined that the
      fading visible persistence measured in this way increased with increasing target
      luminance and with decreasing background luminance. For small foveal
      presentations, photopically-matched targets of differing wavelength produced
      equivalent persistences; but for larger, parafoveal presentations, scotopically
      matched targets of differing wavelength produced equivalent persistences. This
      was true for both letter and picture targets. Results were discussed in terms of
      an early sensory locus to such persistence effects. The strong consistency of
      these findings to some previous work and the apparent inconsistency with other
      work were treated in terms of different kinds of visual persistence effects
      assessed by different experimental methods.

PMID- 4049739
TI  - Velocity step responses of the human gaze pursuit system. Experiments with sigma
      movement.
AB  - By means of d.c.-electrooculography or the electromagnetic search coil technique,
      horizontal and vertical eye position signals were recorded in subjects (head
      fixed) attentively pursuing a rotating dot circle (dot distance Ps = 0.8 or 1.0
      deg). In addition, circular eye pursuit movements were evoked by sigma-movement
      seen when the stationary dot circle was illuminated stroboscopically (flash
      frequency fs). The rotation velocity Vs or the velocity of sigma-movement (Ps X
      fs) was changed in positive or negative steps, leading to acceleration or
      deceleration of pursuit eye velocity. This step response of eye velocity could be
      well described by a linear second-order differential equation with an additional
      dead time of about 80-100 msec. When gaze position error signals were larger than
      0.3-0.5 deg, correcting saccades were superimposed on the step response of the
      smooth pursuit system. Voluntary saccades across the rotating or apparently
      rotating circle did not lead to any impairment in successive pursuit eye
      movements or an interruption in the sigma-movement. The gaze tracking command
      signals (smooth pursuit and saccadic responses) are evidently related to the
      stimulus movement in the extrapersonal space and not to retinal movement signals.

PMID- 4049740
TI  - Cone-rod interaction over time and space.
AB  - Scotopic background stimulation can elevate photopic increment thresholds by more
      than 2 log units. This cone-rod interaction is greatest on small backgrounds
      (less than 1 degree diameter), but is found consistently on large backgrounds as
      well. Interaction develops and disappears quickly as backgrounds are turned on or
      off, respectively. The onset, and in some cases the offset, of a background
      stimulus can produce an additional, transitory interaction that augments the
      interaction that is maintained by continued presentation of the same background.
      The majority of the present findings lend support to a simple center-surround
      model of cone-rod interaction: nearby scotopic excitation raises photopic
      thresholds and more distant scotopic stimulation primarily antagonizes this
      interaction.

PMID- 4049741
TI  - Spatial contrast sensitivity: effects of peripheral field stimulation during
      monocular and dichoptic viewing.
AB  - This report examines whether a radial grating with a blank 2 deg central aperture
      viewed with one eye can affect contrast sensitivity for foveally-viewed,
      counterphasing or stationary, sine-wave gratings seen with the other eye. We find
      that the moving radial grating preferentially raises the threshold for the low
      spatial frequencies of the counterphasing but not the stationary foveal stimulus.
      These results closely parallel recent primate electrophysiological work which
      suggests that visual stimulation of the peripheral field with a moving radial
      grating can activate inhibitory corticofugal influences on lateral geniculate
      neurons. The current data are evaluated in terms of a model which suggests that
      the peripheral stimulus activates corticofugal mechanisms.

PMID- 4049742
TI  - Magnitude and rate of accommodation in diving and nondiving birds.
AB  - Accommodation was measured in a variety of waterfowl by projecting parallel low
      power helium-neon laser beams through the pupils of excised eyes placed in
      saline. The posterior globe was removed, allowing the beams, refracted only by
      the lens, to focus well behind the eye. Electrical stimulation of the ciliary
      muscle results in accommodative movement of the focal point toward the eye. Study
      of video recordings show that diving ducks (Mergus cucullatus and Bucephala
      clangala) can accommodate the 70-80 D needed to focus light on the retina when
      the eye is in water. Diving and nondiving species are compared in amount and rate
      of accommodation.

PMID- 4049743
TI  - Visually guided head movement in the African chameleon.
AB  - Visually guided head movement was studied in the African chameleon. Within
      certain ranges of frequencies and amplitudes, the chameleons followed horizontal,
      sinusoidal cricket (bait) movement with sinusoidal head movement and no apparent
      eye movement. Although head movement lagged behind bait movement, the chameleons
      used head amplitudes that minimized the motion of the bait relative to the head.

PMID- 4049744
TI  - The development of young infants' ability to detect stimuli in the nasal visual
      field.
AB  - We compared infants' ability to detect single lines of varying width in the
      temporal and nasal visual fields. The smallest lines detected by 1-month-olds at
      20 degrees in the nasal visual field were more than eight times wider than those
      detected at 30 degrees in the temporal visual field. In contrast, 2-month-olds
      detected smaller lines at 20 degrees in the nasal visual field than at 30 degrees
      in the temporal visual field. Converging evidence suggests that the observed
      improvement between 1 and 2 months in detection in the nasal visual field
      reflects the maturation of a projection from the retina through the visual cortex
      to the superior colliculus.

PMID- 4049745
TI  - Selectivity of the evoked potential for vernier offset.
AB  - Hyperacuity thresholds of a few arc seconds can be achieved psychophysically for
      a variety of spatial localization tasks. The present experiments show that evoked
      potentials can be elicited in response to the introduction of vernier offsets,
      but not by the introduction of other cues to hyperacuity such as bisection or
      relative pattern motion, although each of these cues is equally salient
      psychophysically. Moreover, vernier acuity measurements and the evoked potentials
      elicited in response to vernier offsets are strongly degraded by the introduction
      of flanking stimuli 2-4 min from the vernier target. This suggests that the
      hyperacuity VEP is a cortical correlate of a very specific type of hyperacuity,
      that produced by vernier offsets (colinearity failure).

PMID- 4049746
TI  - Vernier acuity, crowding and cortical magnification.
AB  - When a vernier target is flanked by optimally positioned lines, foveal vernier
      discrimination is strongly degraded (Westheimer and Hauske, 1975). We confirmed
      this observation (Experiment I) and have mapped out a 2 dimensional "perceptive
      field" for crowding in the fovea using a 2 dot target (Experiment II). Crowding
      was also measured in peripheral vision, using either small flanking dots as masks
      (Experiment III), or using repetitive vernier gratings (Experiment IV). The
      results showed that when scaled in proportion to recent estimates of the cortical
      magnification factor, vernier acuity is as good in the periphery as it is
      centrally. Both centrally and peripherally, there appears to be a psychophysical
      processing module which we term a "perceptive hypercolumn". At all eccentricities
      vernier thresholds were found to be approximately 1/40 of the size of a
      perceptive hypercolumn and were elevated if interfering contours are present in
      the same (or adjacent) hypercolumns.

PMID- 4049748
TI  - Apparent slant of moving targets on T.V. screens.
AB  - When moving a vertical black and white bar pattern horizontally across a T.V.
      screen there appears to exist a slant of the pattern depending on movement
      velocity. Subjects were asked to compensate this geometrical distortion by
      adjusting a potentiometer. Results show a clear difference between theoretical
      and actual data where apparent slant of the vertical pattern was always smaller
      than calculated. Further research work should be done in order to investigate the
      influence of this effect on the perception of electronically generated and
      displayed scenes.

PMID- 4049747
TI  - Vernier acuity, crowding and amblyopia.
AB  - When a vernier target is flanked by a pair of optimally positioned flanks, offset
      discrimination is strongly degraded. Spatial interference with vernier acuity was
      studied in each eye of observers with unilateral amblyopia associated with
      strabismus, anisometropia or both, and were compared to the functions obtained in
      the normal periphery (Levi et al., 1985). The results showed that: (1) For both
      strabismic and anisometropic amblyopes, as in normal central and peripheral
      vision, the extent of spatial interference was proportional to the unflanked
      vernier threshold. (2) For anisometropic amblyopes, grating and vernier acuity
      are affected similarly. (3) For strabismic amblyopes, like the normal periphery,
      vernier and grating acuity are decoupled, with vernier falling off faster than
      grating acuity. (4) The preferred eyes of strabismic but not anisometropic
      amblyopes have poorer vernier acuity than the normal controls. A conceptual
      framework for amblyopia based upon spatial filtering and spatial sampling is
      discussed.

PMID- 4049749
TI  - Shouldn't directional movement detection necessarily be "colour-blind"?
AB  - It is shown that a directionally-selective movement detector attains maximum
      sensitivity to movement only when it sacrifices colour information. This could
      explain the widespread occurrence of colour-blindness among movement-detecting
      systems.

PMID- 4049750
TI  - [Acute liver porphyria--hereditary coproporphyria diagnosed for the first time in
      Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 4049751
TI  - [Systemic amyloidosis in plasmacytoma. II. New diagnostic and therapeutic
      approaches].

PMID- 4049752
TI  - [Removal of the synovial membrane in the prevention and treatment of hemophilic
      arthropathy].

PMID- 4049753
TI  - [Blood platelet aggregation in the acute phase of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 4049754
TI  - [The significance of glycosylated hemoglobin in patients with ischemic heart
      disease and disorders of saccharide tolerance].

PMID- 4049755
TI  - [Early stress test in patients with acute myocardial infarct--a follow-up
      ergometric study after 1 year].

PMID- 4049756
TI  - [The bicuspid aortic valve. Its significance and the possibilities of noninvasive
      diagnosis].

PMID- 4049757
TI  - [Cysts in the liver and pancreas in polycystic kidney in adults].

PMID- 4049758
TI  - [Differences in the ultrastructure of the surface of various materials used in
      hemoperfusion (Haemocol Sandev, Hemasorb 800 C, Hemasorb 800 A2)].

PMID- 4049759
TI  - [Physical activity, smoking and obesity in relation to HDL-cholesterol in 18-year
      olds].

PMID- 4049760
TI  - [Crohn's disease of the stomach].

PMID- 4049761
TI  - [Relation between bone fluorides and renal osteodystrophy in chronic renal
      insufficiency].

PMID- 4049762
TI  - [Secondary amyloidosis in rheumatic arthritis during a long-term, regular
      hemodialysis program complicated by bacterial arthritis].

PMID- 4049763
TI  - [The effect of colchicine administration on the biochemical picture in liver
      cirrhosis].

PMID- 4049764
TI  - [Use of the Biostator in optimizing insulin treatment (preliminary
      communication)].

PMID- 4049766
TI  - [Determination of leucine arylamidase (LAS) activity in the urine during the
      monitoring of cisplatin nephrotoxicity in oncologic diseases].

PMID- 4049765
TI  - [The antiaggregation effect of diltiazem].

PMID- 4049767
TI  - [Methodical approaches in hemoglobinopathies. I. Searching for abnormal
      hemoglobins and other hemoglobinopathies].

PMID- 4049768
TI  - [Methodical approaches in hemoglobinopathies. II. Identification of abnormal
      hemoglobin].

PMID- 4049769
TI  - [On the front lines (health resorts)].

PMID- 4049770
TI  - [Improving the promotion for healthy living].

PMID- 4049771
TI  - [Increasing the effectiveness of sanitary-educational work and the promotion for
      healthy living].

PMID- 4049772
TI  - [Various resolutions for further improvement of military-medical training of
      officers of the medical supply service].

PMID- 4049774
TI  - [Evaluation of the quality of professional activities of military specialists].

PMID- 4049773
TI  - [Functional method of treatment of open injuries of the joints].

PMID- 4049775
TI  - [Functional asymmetry of paired organs in aviation personnel].

PMID- 4049776
TI  - [Use of tremometry for evaluating the status of the neuromuscular system in
      sailors].

PMID- 4049777
TI  - [Clinico-anatomical characteristics of the severe course of acute cholecystitis
      in non-surgical patients].

PMID- 4049778
TI  - [Study of bronchial patency by analysis of the "flow-volume" curve].

PMID- 4049779
TI  - [Effect of alcohol on the phospholipid composition of human myocardial
      mitochondria].
AB  - Phospholipid composition of myocardial mitochondria in persons, consuming
      alcohol, was characterized by a distinct increase in content of lysophospholipids
      (lysophosphatidyl serine, lysophosphatidyl choline, lysophosphatidyl
      ethanolamine) simultaneously with a decrease in content of phosphatidyl choline
      and phosphatidyl ethanolamine as well as by unaltered total concentration of
      phospholipids.

PMID- 4049780
TI  - [Water-soluble modified derivatives of urokinase: fibrinolytic activity and other
      properties].
AB  - Urokinase modification by substances, possessing their own therapeutic activity,
      permits to obtain preparations of combined action on the enzyme basis, the
      catalytic properties of the modified enzyme being similar to those of the native
      one. The coupling of sodium nitroprusside to urokinase makes the action of the
      vasodilator more prolonged. Urokinase modification by heparin produces stabilized
      preparations, possessing fibrinolytic and anticoagulative activity. Derivatives
      of manifold modified urokinase have been experimentally obtained. Urokinase
      heparin-sodium nitroprusside conjugates simultaneously exhibit fibrinolytic,
      hypertensive and anticoagulative effect. Urokinase coupling to fibrinogen via
      aliphatic diamine "spacer group" increases the affinity of the modified enzyme
      derivative to thrombus material. This provides the increased local fibrinolytic
      activity of the obtained urokinase preparation. The method suggested point out
      the new possible ways of creating highly effective therapeutics.

PMID- 4049781
TI  - [A simple radioimmunological method of determining thymidine in biological
      fluids].
AB  - A simple, sensitive and reproducible radioimmunoassay for determination of
      thymidine in biological fluids was developed. The technique is based on
      competition between 3H-thymidine and unlabelled thymidine for antithymidine
      antibodies. The cross-reactivity of structurally related compounds with the
      antibody was mostly negligible, except for deoxyuridine. The sensitivity of the
      assay was 10(-7) M. This radioimmunoassay may be used for measuring content of
      thymidine in blood serum and urine. A method for direct determination of
      thymidine in urine was not described before.

PMID- 4049782
TI  - [A rapid method of isolating phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine
      using high performance liquid chromatography].
AB  - A modified procedure is described for isolation of lecithin and phosphatidyl
      ethanolamine by means of high pressure liquid chromatography, which enabled to
      decrease the purification period down to several hours and to use small volumes
      of eluents of simple composition. Extensive purification of the eluents was not
      required for separation of phospholipids on half-preparative scale.

PMID- 4049783
TI  - [Radioimmunologic assay of steroids. Comparison of 3H- and 125I-ligands].
AB  - Characteristic properties of radioimmunoassay (RIA) of steroids with 3H- and 124I
      ligands as a label were studied using two anabolic steroids methandrostenolone
      and 19-nortestosterone. Antisera towards 124I-steroids were used at higher
      dilutions as their specific activity was distinctly more than in the antisera to
      3H-substances. However, 125I-steroid must be in a stereochemical correspondence
      with the antiserum otherwise antibodies do not bind the label. The antisera
      towards 3H-steroids were obtained after coupling of a carrier at any position of
      the steroid molecule. Standard curves for 3H-steroids were very steep; this
      pattern of the curves enabled to increase the accuracy of calculations.
      Sensitivity of RIA with 3H-label was also higher as compared with 125I-steroids
      in the experiments where unlabelled steroids inhibited the label binding with
      antibodies by 50%. Distinct differences were not observed in RIA specificity for
      methandrostenolone and 19-nortestosterone.

PMID- 4049784
TI  - [Biospecific sorbent for removal of proteinases from biological fluids].
AB  - Sorbents for removal of proteases from biological fluids were synthesized via
      immobilization of a specific protease inhibitor-ovomucoid from whites of duck
      eggs--in the bulk of polymeric hydrogel. The sorbents were shown to exhibit high
      capacity and selectivity in the removal of proteases from the model protein
      containing solutions, blood plasma and blood. The sorbents did not affect the
      blood cells as well as the blood-clotting system. The sorbents were demonstrated
      to be effective in the removal of proteases from canine blood in acute
      pancreatitis.

PMID- 4049785
TI  - [Polymers modified by biologically active compounds--a new type of compatible
      material for contact with the blood].
AB  - Interaction of synthetic polymers, modified by heparin, trypsin or by their
      mixture, with blood and its components was studied. The modified polymers
      affected the blood-clotting system and caused hypocoagulation. The correlation
      was found between the hemocompatibility of the polymers and their efficiency in
      the action on the blood-clotting system.

PMID- 4049786
TI  - [Immobilized streptokinase (streptodecase) in the treatment of traumatic intra
      ocular hemorrhage].
AB  - Streptodecase was used in experiments and in clinical practice for treatment of
      intraocular traumatic hemorrhages. The enzyme, at a dose of 30,000-45,000 .un,
      did not exhibit any toxico-allergic effects on eye tissues and caused maximal
      lysis of the blood clot. 114 patients were treated with the enzymatic preparation
      and in 60% of the patients blood, liberated into vitreous body, was completely
      lysed.

PMID- 4049787
TI  - [Immobilized thrombolytic enzymes and their use in ophthalmology].
AB  - Soluble highly active conjugates were obtained after complex formation or
      covalent binding of trypsin and urokinase with polymers of various chemical
      structure as well as by means of condensation of the enzyme molecules as a result
      of which oligo- and heterooligoproteins were produced. Pharmacological activity
      of the conjugates obtained was studied in the course of treatment of rabbits with
      experimental hyphemia. All the preparations produced exhibited high therapeutic
      efficiency: the time of hyphemia resorption was decreased, the effect of
      immobilized enzymes was prolonged as compared with controls. Dependence on the
      molecular mass and the dose of enzymatic preparations of the period of hyphemia
      resorption was studied using heteromers of urokinase and hemoglobin. Maximal
      activity was noted with the preparations of molecular mass 4.10(5) daltons; they
      maintained the optimal level of pharmacological activity even after 4-fold
      decrease in the dose used as compared with other immobilized preparations of
      trypsin and urokinase. The immobilized preparations were 20-fold more effective
      as compared with native unmodified enzymes.

PMID- 4049788
TI  - [Oligomerization of phenylalanine hydroxylase during its activation with
      phenylalanine].
AB  - Activated and nonactivated forms of phenylalanine hydroxylase varied in the
      activity within the first minutes of the reaction initiated by means of a
      synthetic coenzyme 6,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine. In activation of the
      enzyme by phenylalanine the degree of its oligomerization was altered. As shown
      by chromatography and ultracentrifugation nonactivated enzyme was a dimer with
      molecular mass 130,000 daltons, whereas the activated form was found to be
      tetramer of 260,000 daltons. H and L subunits of phenylalanine hydroxylase were
      equally important in organization of the tetramer. Activation of phenylalanine
      hydroxylase altered the enzyme affinity to hydroxyapatite. Thus, allosteric
      activation of phenylalanine hydroxylase occurred due to the enzyme
      oligomerization.

PMID- 4049789
TI  - [Mechanism of enzymatic imprinting induced in rats by an early postnatal
      administration of galactose].
AB  - Administration of galactose into young rats within an early postnatal period led
      to alteration in activity of some enzymes involved in utilization of galactose
      (galactose-1-phosphaturidyl transferase, galactose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase etc)
      for a long period of the animals life. This stable alteration in activity of
      adaptive enzymes was characterized as the enzymatic imprinting. After
      administration of galactose into neonatal animals synthesis of RNA, matrix
      activity of chromatin, activities of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and RNA
      dependent DNA polymerase were shown to increase in liver tissue of these animals.
      These alterations are considered as a possible basis for the stable alterations
      in the genes expression. The elevated activities of DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase
      and reverse transcriptase were maintained within a long period of the animals
      life.

PMID- 4049790
TI  - [Active form of dihydropteridine reductase in human chorion cells. Possibility of
      prenatal diagnosis].
AB  - Activity of dihydropteridine reductase was studied in human chorion cells for
      development of accurate methods for prenatal diagnosis of phenylketonuria
      (especially its most severe form known as lethal hyperphenylalaninemia).

PMID- 4049791
TI  - [Protective effect of the neuropeptide homocarnosine in hyperbaric oxygenation].
AB  - Homocarnosine, at a dose of 10 mg per 100 g of animal body mass administered
      intraperitoneally within 15 min before hyperbaric oxygenation with 0.7 MPa of
      oxygen, exhibited a protective effect. After administration of the neuropeptide
      into animals before hyperbaric oxygenation a latent period of oxygen convulsions
      was increased; content of homocarnosine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was
      maintained at the level found in brain of control animals. In brain tissue of
      unprotected animals content of homocarnosine and GABA was decreased due to the
      oxygen treatment. GABA was less effective, its protective dose exceeded 10-fold
      the dose of homocarnosine. The neuropeptide exhibited antioxidant properties in
      reactions of lipid peroxidation under normal conditions and in hyperbaric
      oxygenation in vitro. The antioxidant activity of GABA was distinctly lower as
      compared with homocarnosine.

PMID- 4049792
TI  - [Functional state of the hepatocyte cytoplasmic network in heliotrine injury of
      the rat liver].
AB  - Effect of an alkaloid heliotrine (25 mg per 100 g of body mass) on the functional
      state of cytoplasmic net in rat hepatocytes was studied. Distinct prolongation of
      hexenale sleep, decrease in content of protein, cytochromes P-450 and b5 as well
      as inhibition of oxidative degradation of amidopyrine and aniline in liver
      microsomal fraction were found. The data obtained suggest that a decrease in the
      rate of xenobiotics biotransformation in hepatocytes is one of the factors
      responsible for intoxication of a body and for impairment in pharmacodynamics of
      the drugs metabolized in liver tissue under conditions of acute toxic hepatites.

PMID- 4049793
TI  - [Effect of the plasma lipoprotein spectrum on the cholesterol level in
      erythrocyte membranes].
AB  - Correlation between main patterns of the lipoprotein spectrum in blood plasma and
      the molar ratio cholesterol/phospholipids (Ch/Pl) in erythrocyte membranes was
      studied in 256 patients. Distribution of Ch/Pl values was shifted to the right
      side in the plot for erythrocytes of patients with ischemic disease as compared
      with healthy persons. The values of the Ch/Pl ratio were increased in
      hypercholesterolemia. There was no statistically distinct correlation between the
      Ch/Pl ratio and content of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood plasma as well
      as with concentration of cholesterol in high density lipoproteins (HDL). At the
      same time, the ratio Ch/Pl of erythrocytes correlated positively with the index
      of lipoprotein atherogeneity (kath, total Ch-ChHDL/ChHDL) within the values up to
      8.0. Within the higher values the correlation disappeared (a plateau was noted on
      a plot describing this dependence); no distinct correlation was described in all
      the groups studied. The data obtained suggest that correlation between the rates
      of cholesterol introduced and removed from the membranes by means of individual
      classes of lipoproteins is very important for maintenance of the cholesterol
      content in erythrocyte membrane. Under conditions of high kath values the
      discorrelation may indicate the saturation of the erythrocyte membranes with
      cholesterol and a decrease in the rate of its removal by means of HDL.

PMID- 4049794
TI  - [Adrenergic regulation of adenylate cyclase activity in the myocardium of rats of
      different ages].
AB  - The mechanism of regulation of adenylate cyclase activity has been studied in
      adult and old rats. The basal and fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity
      was found to remain unchanged, while the epinephrine-stimulated enzyme activity
      rised in myocardium of adult and old rats. In chemical denervation the basal and
      stimulated activity of adenylate cyclase increased irrespective of age, the basal
      and epinephrine-stimulated activity of the enzyme was significantly higher in old
      rats. The age-related differences in regulation of myocardial adenylate cyclase
      appear to be determined by changes in receptor-mediated properties of adenylate
      cyclase complex. This phenomenon is responsible for peculiarities of the humoral
      regulation of the heart functions during ageing.

PMID- 4049795
TI  - [Principles of electron microscopic diagnosis of human tumors].

PMID- 4049796
TI  - [Clinico-roentgenologic characteristics of giant cell tumors of the bone].
AB  - The data obtained from 114 case histories of giant cell tumor were analysed on
      the EC-1010 type computer to identify clinico-roentgenological factors
      influencing the frequency of relapse and metastasis development. Such factors as
      tumor localization in tibia, local lesions in the abnormally thin cortical layer
      detectable by X-ray examination, the lytic form of tumor and tumor excochleation
      proved to be unfavorable. In the analysis of cases of metastatic spread,
      information could be acquired only from roentgenologic characteristics which
      permitted complete decay of the cortical layer, the presence of soft-tissue
      component in tumor and pathologic fracture to be identified as manifestations of
      caries.

PMID- 4049797
TI  - [Risk of thromboembolic complications in cancer patients].
AB  - A study of blood coagulation homeostasis in 24 cases of stage IV stomach cancer
      established grave disorders involving activation of stage II and III coagulation,
      inhibition of stage II and depletion of the compensatory potential of the
      fibrinolytic system. Functional tests using highly-specific and standardized
      methods of contact and phospholipid activation showed malignancy generalization
      process to be a thrombosis hazard.

PMID- 4049798
TI  - [Life style of cancer patients in older age groups following treatment
      (experimental sociological study)].
AB  - Mode of life was studied in 947 old-age cancer patients radically treated for
      tumors of major localizations. After treatment 28.2% resumed work and 28.4%
      worked for over 5 years taking an active part in social life. Family relations
      were good in 83.9% of cases; the nature of their leisure activities somewhat
      changed as a result of taking less physical exercise. 44.2% continued to show a
      closed group attitude and to care about each other for a long time.

PMID- 4049799
TI  - [Stimulation of the immune system with polyvinylpyrrolidone in patients with
      cancer of the larynx].
AB  - Clinico-immunologic studies showed recurrence and metastatic spread to involve
      disorders in the synthesis of serum and, particularly, secretory immunoglobulins
      (M, As) in radically-treated cases of laryngeal cancer. Polyvinylpyrrolidone
      challenge was intended to stimulate the predominant synthesis of IgM in the blood
      and, particularly, saliva of the patients. Recurrence and metastatic spread
      incidence decreased three-fold within 4 years as a result of preoperative
      intratonsillary immunization with polyvinylpyrrolidone (mol. wt. 40,000).

PMID- 4049800
TI  - [Outcome of untreated lung cancer].
AB  - The study was concerned with postdiagnostic survival time in 933 cases of
      unresected lung cancer. The course of the disease was found to be in correlation
      with patient's age as well as stage, clinico-anatomical type and morphological
      pattern of tumor.

PMID- 4049801
TI  - [Sex steroid hormones, their receptors and local immunologic processes in
      experimental carcinogenesis of the larynx].
AB  - An increased androgen binding capacity of cytoplasmic protein receptors matched
      by relative hyperandrogenism was observed in the blood serum of animals showing
      incipient precancerous changes due to methylcholanthrene treatment. Activated
      forms of lymphocytes and their production of immunoglobulins were registered
      locally. Absolute hyperandrogenism occurred at later stages, viz. in the course
      of the development of pretumorous and tumor processes in the larynx. The results
      suggest that laryngeal carcinogenesis induced by methylcholanthrene shifts rat's
      hormonal profile towards hyperandrogenism, which seems to be responsible for the
      development of precancerous and tumor processes in the organ at later stages.

PMID- 4049803
TI  - [Principles of efficient occupational rehabilitation of cancer patients].

PMID- 4049802
TI  - [Automated system for processing medical information].
AB  - The paper discusses an experience of development of a case history management
      information system intended for acquisition, storage and retrieval of integrated
      and documented information on in-patients. The system incorporates an EC-1010
      type computer and employs the interactive mode of action using video-display
      units.

PMID- 4049804
TI  - Storage of red cells in a CPD/SAGM system using Teruflex PVC.
AB  - A quadruple plastic bag system made of Teruflex PVC (Terumo) was tested. Red
      cells separated from plasma and buffy coat were resuspended in SAGM solution.
      After storage for 42 days, the 24-hour posttransfusion autologous survival was
      73.3 +/- 6.6% (means +/- SD), range 61.8-80.7%, n = 10. The shape of the cells
      was changed so that normal or slightly abnormal morphology was found in 37 +/- 7%
      of the cells after 42 days. Spontaneous in vitro hemolysis was 0.63 +/- 0.32%
      (range 0.28-1.13). A sufficient glucose reserve still remained at the end of
      storage, but glucose consumption and lactate production were impaired during the
      last 2 weeks due to the increasing acidity. By extrapolation from other studies
      it is suggested that 35 days is a more suitable shelf life than 42 days in this
      system.

PMID- 4049805
TI  - Thirty-five-day modified red cells and 7-day stored platelet concentrates from
      triple bags of identical PVC formulation.
AB  - There is continuous need for blood components with long shelf life. To this end
      the 'circle' triple pack has been modified to provide 35-day red cell and 7-day
      platelet concentrates, in PVC bags of identical formulation and 0.4 mm thick. The
      plasticizer is a mixture of DEHP and TOTM (CLX Mark II). The primary pack
      contains 63 ml of CP 277.5 mM glucose. The third pack contains 100 ml of citric
      acid 2 mM, trisodium citrate 20 mM, NaH2PO4 20 mM, NaCl 123 mM, glucose 40 mM,
      and adenine 1.26 mM. Plasma is adenine-free. With these modifications both hard-
      and soft-spun red cells gave satisfactory biochemical and autologous survival
      indices up to 35 days of storage, the haematocrit not exceeding 60%. Platelet
      concentrates were acceptable at 7 days of shelf-life.

PMID- 4049806
TI  - Quantitative differential agglutination method using the Coulter Counter to
      measure survival of compatible but identifiable red blood cells.
AB  - The method described here using a centrifuge and Coulter Cell Counter for the
      quantitative differential agglutination of human red cells uses commercial anti-A
      and anti-B antisera for the ABO system, and for the Rh system a commercial anti-D
      serum, a low ionic strength solution and an anti-human IgG antiserum. We compared
      this Coulter Counter method with the Technicon AutoAnalyzer method which utilizes
      bromelin and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and anti-A, anti-B and anti-CD antisera, and
      found this new method to be the simpler of the two. The nonagglutinable count
      with the Coulter Counter was 1.07% for A1 red cells, 2.26% for A2 red cells,
      1.06% for B red cells, and 1.78% for Rh-positive red cells, results similar to
      those seen with the Technicon AutoAnalyzer. Results with the Coulter Counter
      method were consistently accurate whether the ACD red cells were studied on the
      day of collection, after 10 days of 4 degrees C storage, or after 4 degrees C
      storage for up to 6 days followed by cryopreservation with 40% (w/v) glycerol at
      80 degrees C, thawing and washing. In this study, red cell samples obtained from
      recipients who had received compatible but identifiable donor red cells were
      frozen with 40% glycerol and stored at-80 degrees C for 10 months, thawed and
      washed. Survival measurements on these washed previously frozen red cells were
      similar to the values in liquid-stored red cells.

PMID- 4049807
TI  - Factors associated with positive direct antiglobulin tests in pretransfusion
      patients: a case-control study.
AB  - During routine pretransfusion testing, the presence of IgG on patient red cells
      is suggested by a positive autocontrol and confirmed by a positive direct
      antiglobulin test (DAT) using monospecific anti-IgG sera. Most IgG on patient red
      cells detected in this manner are of unknown etiology. We recently showed an
      association between elevated serum globulin levels and positive DAT with
      unreactive eluate in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In
      the present study, we wished to determine whether elevated serum globulin levels
      contribute to some of the positive DAT encountered in pretransfusion testing of
      patients without AIDS. 76 patients with positive DAT were compared with 90
      controls without IgG detected on their red cells during pretransfusion testing.
      The rate of elevated serum globulin levels was 75% in positive DAT cases versus
      29% in controls (p less than 0.001); the odds ratio was 7.6. Elevated blood urea
      nitrogen levels occurred in 42% of cases versus 19% of controls (p less than
      0.025); the odds ratio was 3.1. Cases and controls were not significantly
      different with regard to age, sex, race, quinidine usage, or hyperalimentation.
      Elevated serum globulin and blood urea nitrogen levels are significantly
      associated with a positive DAT with unreactive eluate in pretransfusion patients.

PMID- 4049808
TI  - A new protein fractionation method using ion-exchange chromatography and PEG
      precipitation.

PMID- 4049809
TI  - [Social hygiene evaluation of the health of collective and state farm workers on
      agro-industrial farm complexes].

PMID- 4049811
TI  - [Physical work capacity of alcoholics].

PMID- 4049810
TI  - [Changes in the Krebs cycle enzyme activity of kidney calculi patients].

PMID- 4049812
TI  - [Establishment of the optimal and permissible microclimate parameters for work
      connected with neuro-emotional tension].

PMID- 4049813
TI  - [Diagnosis of the prenosological stage of disease in miners].

PMID- 4049814
TI  - [Case of Q fever in Voroshilovgrad Province].

PMID- 4049815
TI  - [Use of urolesan and phenicarbaran in the combined treatment of chronic
      cholecystitis].

PMID- 4049816
TI  - [Importance of studying the blood kinin system for the diagnosis and treatment of
      acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 4049817
TI  - [Small intestine function in patients with internal uterine endometriosis].

PMID- 4049818
TI  - [Spontaneous biliodigestive fistulae].

PMID- 4049819
TI  - [Anaerobic gas infection in a patient with adhesive intestinal obstruction].

PMID- 4049820
TI  - [Clinical case of Alvarez' syndrome].

PMID- 4049821
TI  - [Lung complications following operations on the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile
      ducts in middle-aged and elderly patients].

PMID- 4049822
TI  - [Indices of the information value of the scientific activities of a specialized
      research institute].

PMID- 4049823
TI  - [Clinical and treatment characteristics of chronic nonspecific lung diseases in
      middle-aged and elderly patients].

PMID- 4049824
TI  - [Treatment results with patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis and
      their late follow-ups].

PMID- 4049825
TI  - [Detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in young patients].

PMID- 4049826
TI  - [2 cases of idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis].

PMID- 4049827
TI  - [Predisease in clinical nephrology].

PMID- 4049828
TI  - [Effect of the risk factors in ischemic heart disease on the oxygen support of
      physical loading].

PMID- 4049829
TI  - [Electrolyte metabolism in patients with the long T-2d sound interval syndrome].

PMID- 4049830
TI  - [Effect of drug therapy and hyperbaric oxygenation on the microcirculation and
      kinin system in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 4049831
TI  - [Diagnosis of myxomas of the heart].

PMID- 4049832
TI  - [Acute disorders of the cerebral circulation registered in an area of the
      Ukrainian Carpathians].

PMID- 4049833
TI  - [Thermotopography of the lower extremities in arteriosclerosis obliterans].

PMID- 4049834
TI  - [Morphofunctional changes in the lymph nodes in lymphoproliferative diseases].

PMID- 4049836
TI  - [Madelung's syndrome].

PMID- 4049835
TI  - [Systemic spontaneous panniculitis].

PMID- 4049837
TI  - [Characteristics of the immunological and protective effect in the simultaneous
      and separate use of live and killed influenza vaccines].
AB  - Simultaneous immunization with inactivated and live influenza vaccines is
      characterized by a more rapid and intensive formation of local protection and
      humoral immunity persisting for 5 months at a higher level than after separate
      administration of inactivated and live vaccines. The live vaccine was found to be
      the major factor enhancing the immune response and local protection in combined
      immunization. Administration as components of a live bivaccine of influenza
      serotype A viruses with a different degree of attenuation was not accompanied by
      higher reactogenicity but led to a sharp decrease of immunogenic activity that
      indicated incompatibility of such viruses in a bivaccine.

PMID- 4049838
TI  - [Isolation of the influenza B virus in MDCK cells].
AB  - The frequency of influenza B virus isolation from clinical specimens is much
      higher when a continuous line of dog kidney cells, MDCK, is employed, and not the
      developing chick embryos. Among 9 influenza B virus strains isolated during the
      influenza epidemic of 1983-1984 winter, 8 strains were isolated in MDCK cells and
      only 1 in chick embryos. The influenza B virus isolates were similar to influenza
      B/Singapore/222/79 virus differing from it in HI titres 2-16-fold.

PMID- 4049839
TI  - [Detection and identification of the influenza virus in nasopharyngeal washings
      by solid-phase radioimmunological analysis].
AB  - In the period of epidemic rise of the morbidity level in 1983-1984, 207 specimens
      of nasopharyngeal washings from patients with influenza were analysed by solid
      phase radioimmunoassay. Test sera containing a wide range of antihemagglutinating
      antibodies to different drift variants of influenza type A and type B viruses
      were used as diagnostic ones. The results indicate the predominance of influenza
      B infection (18.4%). Influenza A accounted for 14.5%, 9.2% of it being subtype
      H1N1. Noteworthy is a considerable portion (23.2%) of mixed influenza A and B
      infection. The results of this study are compared with analysis of paired sera
      from the same patients by the HI test.

PMID- 4049840
TI  - [Influenza vaccine stimulation of antibodies to different variants of influenza A
      virus].
AB  - The capacity of live influenza type A (H3N2) vaccines to produce
      antihemagglutinins and antineuraminidase antibody to drift variants of a given
      serosubtype emerging later than the vaccine strain was studied. For this purpose,
      a wider set of antigens was used to examine retrospectively by the HI and virus
      elution from erythrocyte inhibition tests the paired sera from the subjects
      immunized in 1975 and 1976 with live vaccine virus strains similar to A/Port
      Chalmers/1/73 (H3N2) and A/Victoria/3/75. These vaccines were shown to actively
      stimulate antibody production in titres of 1:40 or higher to strains forestolling
      the vaccine strain by 1 (antihemagglutinins) and 2 (antineuraminidase antibody)
      degrees of the antigenic hierarchy. The intensity of production of both kinds of
      antibody to similar future strains depended on the intensity of immune response
      to the vaccine virus. By increasing the dose and frequency of administration of
      the virus serosubtype A (H3N2) to animals it was possible to intensify the
      production of antihemagglutinins and antineuraminidase antibodies to later drift
      variants of this agent with respect to the virus-immunogen. Volunteers immunized
      in 1983 with a commercial inactivated chromatographic bivaccine prepared from the
      strains similar to A/Bangkok/1/79 (H3N2) and A/Brazil/14/78 (H1N1) were found to
      intensively produce antihemagglutinins in titres of 1:40 or higher to viruses
      A/Philippines/2/84 (H3N2), A/Leningrad/167/83 (H3N2), A/Leningrad/3/82 (H1N1) but
      not to A/Dunedin/27/83 (H1N1) virus.

PMID- 4049841
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness of virazole and
      remantadine in patients with influenza caused by A(H3N2) and B viruses].
AB  - Therapeutic effectiveness of virazole in treatment of patients with influenza
      caused by A (H3N2) and B viruses (1980-1984) was demonstrated in 432 patients
      with the laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of influenza. Provided the treatment
      started on the 1st day of the disease, the experimental group showed
      normalization of fever and regression of toxicity symptoms within shorter periods
      than the controls. However in treatment of patients with influenza caused by A
      (H3N2) virus virazole showed a less marked therapeutic effect than the Soviet
      antiinfluenza drug, remantadine.

PMID- 4049842
TI  - [Circulation of the influenza virus on poultry-raising farms].
AB  - The results of examinations for immunity to influenza in chickens and the
      personnel handling them at the permanently observed farm are presented.
      Antibodies mainly to the same antigenic variants of human influenza viruses were
      found in chicken and human blood sera. Alongside with antihemagglutinins to
      influenza A (H3N2) virus strains, chicken in 1983-1984 were found to have
      antibodies to influenza B virus epidemically important in those years. Thus, in
      poultry farms human influenza viruses are introduced into poultry populations.
      The strains circulating among fowls may probably be potentially dangerous for
      man.

PMID- 4049843
TI  - [Specific safety and immunogenicity of a subunit vaccine against hepatitis B].
AB  - The results of trials of a subunit vaccine against hepatitis B in volunteers are
      presented. The active substance of the vaccine was HBsAg isolated from the plasma
      of asymptomatic antigen carriers. The preparation under study is highly
      immunogenic, shows poor reactogenicity, and safety in use.

PMID- 4049844
TI  - [Immunological and epidemiological effectiveness of the HEVAC B vaccine against
      hepatitis B in a group at enhanced risk of infection].
AB  - The immunological and epidemiological effectiveness of HEVAC B vaccine against
      hepatitis B (Pasteur Institute, France) was studied in 215 medical workers of
      Moscow who had contacts with the blood or preparations thereof. A control group
      consisted of 155 medical workers. The groups were formed randomly but both
      included the subjects without HBsAg and anti-HBs. The HEVAC B vaccine was found
      to be characterized by high immunologic efficacy. Administration of the vaccine
      induced seroconversion after the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd vaccinations in 36.3%, 77.2%,
      and 93.9% vaccinees, respectively. In the course of immunization, a marked rise
      of specific antibody levels was observed. Among the vaccinees no cases of
      hepatitis B with jaundice were recorded, while in the control group there were 2
      cases (1.3%). The vaccine has a low reactogenicity and is safe for use.

PMID- 4049845
TI  - [Detection of inapparent forms of hepatitis in foci of the infection by using
      sensitive methods of specific diagnosis].
AB  - The use of specific sensitive methods for demonstration of hepatitis A markers
      has made it possible to detect 6 children with inapparent form of the disease
      among 86 subjects present in the focus of infection. Specific HAV antibody of the
      M class were detected in 100% of them. By radioimmunoassay, hepatitis A virus
      antigen (HAV-Ag) was detected in fecal extracts in 1 case only. Liver biopsy from
      1 patient with inapparent disease showed typical morphological signs of acute
      hepatitis, and HAV-Ag was detected in the hepatocyte cytoplasm by
      immunofluorescence. Titres of specific antibody in convalescence varied from 1:10
      to 1:800 in patients with the inapparent forms and from 1:200 to 1:3200 in
      manifest forms of hepatitis A.

PMID- 4049847
TI  - [Characteristics of the epidemic process in influenza A in 1978-1982].

PMID- 4049846
TI  - [Comparative study of cellular and humoral immunity as well as of resistance to
      the rabies virus in rabies vaccination].
AB  - Experiments in CBA and BALB/c mice showed that after vaccination against rabies
      alongside with humoral immune response there developed a clone of cells
      sensitized to rabies antigen which, upon a secondary exposure to it, responded by
      increased blast formation. The immunological memory to the rabies antigen was
      found to be specific and to persist for up to 100 days (the observation period).
      Immunization of mice with rabies vaccine using various schedules and in
      combination with interferon inducers revealed no correlation between the
      lymphocyte blastogenesis parameters and virus-neutralizing antibody levels or the
      intensity of immunity to street rabies virus. The lymphocyte blasttransformation
      test with nonspecific mitogens may also be used for evaluation of the toxicity of
      new preparations.

PMID- 4049849
TI  - Health costs and financing in the developing countries: WHO's role.

PMID- 4049848
TI  - [Heteroploid kidney cell line from the green monkey as a substrate for
      multiplication of the tick-borne encephalitis virus].

PMID- 4049851
TI  - World Health Day 1985. Healthy youth--our best resource.

PMID- 4049850
TI  - Monitoring trends in cardiovascular disease and risk factors: the WHO "Monica"
      project.

PMID- 4049852
TI  - The effects of magnetic resonance imaging on intravenous infusion devices.
AB  - We evaluated the effects of magnetic resonance imaging on the accuracy of three
      types of intravenous infusion pump devices, IVAC 530, IMED 927 and IMED 960/965.
      The devices were exposed to a 2,800-gauss static magnetic field at a pulsed radio
      frequency of 11.9 MHz operating at a maximum power of 1,200 W. Each device was
      tested at low, medium and fast flow rates in a controlled environment and during
      magnetic resonance imaging. Intravenous therapy could be carried out normally
      during magnetic resonance diagnostic imaging only with the IVAC 530 infusion
      device.

PMID- 4049853
TI  - Effects of accidental chlorine inhalation on pulmonary function.
AB  - In an industrial accident, 19 previously healthy workers were briefly exposed to
      high concentrations of chlorine gas. Pulmonary function tests were done at
      intervals for about two years but complete follow-up data were available in only
      11 subjects. Immediately following the exposure, airway obstruction was detected
      in 10 of 19 patients; 700 days later this was found in only 3 of 11 patients. Two
      of these three patients had a history of smoking, however. The mean residual
      volume was 141% +/- 97 (mean +/- standard error of the mean) on day 1. In
      subsequent follow-up studies, the residual volume progressively fell in all
      patients, and 700 days later the mean residual volume was 90% +/- 5. In 5 of the
      19 subjects, all pulmonary function test results were within normal limits on day
      1. Apparently in some subjects acute exposure to chlorine gas may cause immediate
      changes in the lung functions, but these changes gradually resolve. Because of
      the small number of patients in our series, however, the long-term effects of
      chlorine are less apparent.

PMID- 4049854
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome in Utah--1976 to 1983.
AB  - The sustained high incidence of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in Utah
      provided an opportunity to examine changes in the epidemiology of this disease
      during a period of greater media attention to the syndrome and increased
      scientific understanding of its etiology and pathogenesis. An apparent peak in
      the statewide incidence of TSS in 1980 appears in part attributable to self
      reporting of outpatient cases. The incidence of the syndrome in patients having a
      nasal operation appears equal to or greater than the incidence in menstrual-age
      women. The case-fatality ratio and recurrence rate of TSS have declined since
      widespread recognition of the syndrome, possibly related to earlier diagnosis and
      initiation of antistaphylococcal therapy. Identifying milder cases has also
      contributed to a lower mortality.

PMID- 4049855
TI  - Kikuchi's necrotizing lymphadenitis.
AB  - Kikuchi's necrotizing lymphadenitis has recently been reported in the United
      States where it has not previously been recognized. In the past year three cases
      were seen in a community hospital in San Francisco. The histologic appearance and
      clinical features were felt to be sufficiently characteristic to be diagnostic.

PMID- 4049856
TI  - Ancient sources of lead and lead poisoning in the United States today.

PMID- 4049857
TI  - Hypoventilation in a case of nonfamilial Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 4049859
TI  - Treatment of foot infections in diabetic patients.

PMID- 4049858
TI  - Ibuprofen-induced aseptic meningitis in a previously healthy patient.

PMID- 4049860
TI  - Comparing US and other homicide rates.

PMID- 4049861
TI  - Reexamining the roles of physicians.

PMID- 4049862
TI  - Dangers of ocular instillation of medications.

PMID- 4049863
TI  - Vascular source of impotence.

PMID- 4049864
TI  - Usefulness of direct linkage of physicians' office terminals to a hospital
      laboratory computer.

PMID- 4049865
TI  - Which hospital services are most overused? Results from a medical audit.
AB  - When we assessed the extent of unnecessary ordering of clinical services by
      medical house staff at a large university hospital, 21% of services were judged
      to be unwarranted. Most overordered were nuclear medicine services, followed by
      laboratory tests. Because of their large volume, clinical laboratory services
      accounted for 78% of all unwarranted orders. Unwarranted use of hospital services
      is substantial and variable among physicians and services. This study confirms
      the value of medical record reviews for documenting the need for and guiding the
      course of hospital cost-containment programs.

PMID- 4049866
TI  - Maizie's problem.

PMID- 4049867
TI  - Guidelines for discontinuing cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency
      department after prehospital, nonparamedic-directed cardiac arrest.

PMID- 4049868
TI  - [Differences in the incidence of myocardial infarction in urban and rural
      populations].

PMID- 4049869
TI  - [Levels of anxiety and fear in patients with newly detected pulmonary
      tuberculosis treated in hospital and ambulatory conditions].

PMID- 4049870
TI  - [Serum copper, zinc and magnesium levels during normal pregnancy and labor in at
      term and prolonged pregnancy].

PMID- 4049871
TI  - [Psychopathological effects of castration on women].

PMID- 4049872
TI  - [Malignant lymphoma of the appendix].

PMID- 4049873
TI  - [5 cases of carcinoid tumor].

PMID- 4049874
TI  - [Type-E botulism complicated by symptomatic porphyria].

PMID- 4049875
TI  - [3 cases of self mutilation by driving nails into the cranial cavity].

PMID- 4049876
TI  - [Effect of aero-ions on humans].

PMID- 4049877
TI  - [Esophageal injuries].

PMID- 4049878
TI  - [Evaluation of various psychological characteristics and life situations of
      patients with bronchial asthma].

PMID- 4049879
TI  - [Clinical aspects of ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 4049880
TI  - [Splenectomy and autotransplantation of splenic parenchyma].

PMID- 4049881
TI  - [2 cases of pancreatic abscesses complicated by internal and external fistulas].

PMID- 4049882
TI  - [Diagnostic difficulties in cases of meningiomas of the central nervous system].

PMID- 4049883
TI  - [Behavior of HDL cholesterol and the apoproteins A1 A2 and B in the central
      circulation in patients with coronary disease and genetically determined
      hyperlipoproteinemias].
AB  - Seven lipid parameters, including apoproteins A1, A2 and B were determined in
      blood from different parts of the cardiovascular system in two groups of patients
      one with and the other without coronary heart disease. In addition, HDL
      cholesterol levels were compared in patients with coronary heart disease and
      primary monogenic combined hyperlipoproteinaemia. None of the seven parameters
      showed significant differences in samples from the pulmonary artery (mixed venous
      blood) and the hepatic vein of the control and patient groups. The expected
      significant concentration gradient between the two vascular regions was confirmed
      in the groups with and without coronary heart disease. HDL components showed a
      contrary behaviour: the hepatic vein and pulmonary artery exhibited significantly
      lower values of HDL cholesterol in patients with coronary heart disease than in
      the controls, but this was not true for HDL apoproteins A1 and A2. Patients with
      coronary heart disease and primary hyperlipoproteinaemia showed a significant
      concentration gradient between the two vascular regions for total and HDL
      cholesterol. These observations reveal the importance of genetic disturbances of
      lipid metabolism, particularly the implication of various lipid fractions in the
      pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

PMID- 4049884
TI  - [Glaucoma, ocular hypertension and diabetic retinopathy].
AB  - 71 out of 4803 diabetics attending the special outpatient clinic for diabetic eye
      complications at the 1st Eye Department of the University of Vienna were found to
      be suffering from glaucoma. Ocular hypertension was observed in 717 cases.
      Neither the course of diabetic retinopathy nor the correlation between duration
      of diabetes mellitus and the manifestation of retinal changes differed from the
      findings in diabetics with normal ocular pressure. The hypothesis that increased
      ocular pressure in response to the topical application of steroids might be of
      beneficial influence on the course of diabetic retinopathy was not confirmed by
      these observations.

PMID- 4049885
TI  - [Laser therapy of open angle glaucoma. Argon laser trabeculoplasty].
AB  - A distinct reduction in the number of fistulizing operations for open angle
      glaucoma was achieved by Argon laser trabeculoplasty. Indications, technique and
      mechanism of action of this method are reported.

PMID- 4049886
TI  - [Results after planned extracapsular cataract extraction with the Kloti stripper
      and implantation of UV light-absorbent Simcoe lenses with a 10-degree loop tilt].
AB  - Planned ECCE remains a valuable alternative to phacoemulsification due to its
      protection of the endothelial cells of the cornea. In contrast to the most
      commonly used infusion-aspiration systems, Kloeti's vitreous stripper provides,
      in addition, an excellent cutting mechanism enabling the removal of hard parts of
      the parenchyma or capsular remnants. The aspheric shaped UV light absorbing
      Simcoe lenses with a 10 grade loop angle used as lens replacement over the past 2
      years in 300 cases did not cause any noteworthy complications. In 94% of cases a
      visual acuity of at least 0.5 was achieved; no case of cystoid macular edema has
      been observed so far.

PMID- 4049887
TI  - [Treatment of cystoid macular edema after intracapsular cataract extraction and
      implantation of the Binkhorst 4-loop lens].
AB  - This paper presents a report on 8 eyes in which cystoid macular edema developed
      between 6 months and 3 years after intracapsular cataract surgery combined with 4
      loop lens implantation. Topical indomethacin treatment undertaken for at least 3
      months proved ineffective. In view of additional progressive damage to the
      inferior part of the iris due to the inferior lens loops as well as recurrent
      microhaemorrhages in the anterior chamber, the iris clip lens was removed and
      after thorough anterior vitrectomy with Kloeti's stripper a Shepard anterior
      chamber lens was implanted. Indomethacin treatment 3 to 4 times daily was
      continued postoperatively for up to 8 months. Evident improvement in visual
      acuity was noted in 5 eyes, whilst in the remaining 3 eyes the procedure had
      probably been carried out too late.

PMID- 4049888
TI  - [Recurrence of vasoproliferative activity after photocoagulation. A fluorescence
      angiographic study].
AB  - Although photocoagulation is no cure for diabetic retinopathy, it slows down or,
      in favourable cases, prevents further progression. In order to achieve the
      desired therapeutic effect, photocoagulation has to include the ischaemic mid
      periphery of the retina. Following a latency period of varying duration during
      which no further progression is evident either on ophthalmoscopic examination or
      fluorescein angiography, recurrence of neovascularization is observed in some
      cases. The therapeutic management entails additional panretinal photocoagulation,
      in particular at the periphery. The authors report on 75 patients who, following
      panretinal photocoagulation, were treated by additional argon-laser coagulation.

PMID- 4049889
TI  - [Posterior chamber lens implantation after removal of an intralens metallic
      foreign body].
AB  - This paper presents a case report of posterior chamber lens implantation after a
      perforating eye injury. We failed to extract the foreign body with a hand magnet
      and to close the capsule wound by application of a fibrin tissue adhesive. The
      posterior capsule was intact, and hence we performed an extracapsular cataract
      extraction with implantation of a posterior chamber lens. The foreign body was
      expressed together with the nucleus. The functional result is satisfactory.

PMID- 4049890
TI  - [Lacrimal duct reconstruction in tumor surgery and following trauma].
AB  - Traumatic injuries of the lid often affect the lower lid and the lower
      canaliculus. Lid destruction by tumours also frequently takes place in the medial
      part of the lower lid, involving the canaliculus inferior. In order to prevent
      chronic epiphora the lower canaliculus has to be reconstructed. The most elegant
      and effective method is the bicanalicular silicon ring intubation (Murube de
      Castillo). This technique can be utilized in traumatic cases and in tumour
      surgery. The intubation technique is described and the results are reported.

PMID- 4049891
TI  - [Light and electron microscopic findings in eyelid tumors after cryotherapy].
AB  - Over the past five years 112 patients underwent cryotherapy of lid tumours. Two
      methods of freezing, contact freezing and spray freezing, were used. Biopsy
      specimens for histological studies were taken before and after cryotherapy. The
      results of light and electron microscopy are reported. Electron microscopic
      examination shows that cryonecrosis exhibits the well known general
      characteristics of necrosis. Cryotherapy results in extensive tumour necroses and
      this fact explains the success rate of 90.9% in basalioma 5 years after therapy.

PMID- 4049892
TI  - [Early diagnosis, prevention and basic pathology of EPH gestosis].

PMID- 4049893
TI  - [Effect of induced abortion on prematurity. Analysis of the period from 1979 to
      1984].
AB  - Since induced abortion is legalized in Austria the number of patients with
      induced abortion in their anamnesis is increasing. This factor intensified the
      discussion about the consequences for following pregnancies, especially the
      number of preterm deliveries. We investigated the influence of induced abortion
      on prematurity using the records of primiparae who delivered in our hospital
      between 1979 and 1984. Previously performed induced abortion did not affect the
      number of preterm-deliveries, if patients underwent early prenatal care. Patients
      who had their first check-up after the 18th week of gestation showed a
      significant increase of preterm delivery.

PMID- 4049894
TI  - [Unintended effects of oral contraceptives. I.Estrogen-related effects].
AB  - Oral contraceptives are almost optimally effective but not yet perfectly safe.
      They can cause favourable or adverse unintended effects which cannot always be
      attributed to either the estrogen or the progestagen; however, in many instances
      a fair differentiation is possible. Type, intensity and frequency of side effects
      depend on dosage, duration of administration and on the structure of the
      substance. Some favourable side effects of estrogens are used for therapeutic
      purposes. Adverse side effects of estrogens are either subjectively disturbing
      only, or medically important, but few are life threatening. Dose dependence has
      been established, a structure relationship is unlikely.

PMID- 4049895
TI  - Community response to alcohol-related problems. Review of an international study.

PMID- 4049896
TI  - Metabolism of 6,7-dimethoxy 4-(p-chlorobenzyl)-isoquinoline. I. Single-dose
      pharmacokinetics in the rat and mouse.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of 6,7-dimethoxy 4-(p-chlorobenzyl) isoquinoline (PV 2) in
      mouse and rat show that it is 52% absorbed after oral administration and
      undergoes a marked hepatic first-pass effect (83%). Tissue distribution shows an
      affinity for the aorta, cardiac tissues and cerebral blood vessels. It is
      excreted in the urine (20% dose) and faeces (70%); biliary excretion is high (80%
      dose). It is metabolized mainly by O-demethylation to 6- and 7-desmethyl-PV 2 and
      6,7-didesmethyl-PV 2, as well as to six other non-identified metabolites.

PMID- 4049897
TI  - Metabolic pathway by cleavage of a furan ring.
AB  - 14C-Diclofurime, a new Ca antagonist, was administered orally to dogs and pigs,
      and metabolites detected in urine and plasma. Metabolites contained in pooled
      urine were concentrated by column chromatography (reverse phase, gel permeation
      and normal phase). Chemical structures were determined by i.r. mass and 1H n.m.r.
      spectroscopy. The main route of Diclofurime biotransformation involved cleavage
      of the furan ring. Subsequent biotransformation steps involved N-deethylation in
      the side-chain and O-demethylation in the aromatic moiety of the drug. The major
      pathway is unusual for molecules with a furan heterocycle.

PMID- 4049898
TI  - The metabolism of n-butyl glycidyl ether in the rat and rabbit.
AB  - [1-14C]Butyl glycidyl ether administered orally to male rats and rabbits (20
      mg/kg) is rapidly absorbed and metabolized. Most of the administered compound,
      87% (rat) and 78% (rabbit), is eliminated in the 0-24 urine. Major metabolites in
      the rat include 3-butoxy-2-hydroxypropionic acid (9%), 3-butoxy-2
      acetylaminopropionic acid (23%) and butoxyacetic acid (10%). 3-Butoxy-2
      hydroxypropionic acid (35%) and butoxyacetic acid (5%) are also major metabolites
      in the rabbit. Biotransformations of the glycidyl ether and their likely
      biochemical mechanisms are discussed.

PMID- 4049899
TI  - Isoprene metabolism by liver microsomal mono-oxygenases.
AB  - Mouse-liver microsomal mono-oxygenases metabolize isoprene to the corresponding
      mono-epoxides. The reaction was NADPH- and O2-dependent and was inhibited by CO,
      SKF525-A and metyrapone. 3,4-Epoxy-3-methyl-1-butene was the major metabolite of
      isoprene, and the kinetic constants (Km and Vmax) for this epoxidation were
      determined by analysing the corresponding diol by g.l.c. in incubations with
      microsomes from control or pretreated mice. 3,4-Epoxy-2-methyl-1-butene was a
      minor metabolite (approx. 20%). 3,4-Epoxy-2-methyl-1-butene was epoxidated
      further to the mutagenic isoprene dioxide by microsomes from control or
      pretreated mice. The Km and Vmax were determined and phenobarbital shown to be an
      inducer of this epoxidation.

PMID- 4049900
TI  - 2,5-Diphenyloxazole as a probe for microsomal mono-oxygenation in human and rat
      liver.
AB  - 2,5-Diphenyloxazole (PPO) is metabolized to one major fluorescent product by
      human liver and rat liver microsomes. PPO metabolism by human-liver microsomes
      involves more than one cytochrome P-450 isozyme, termed low-affinity and high
      affinity components. At a substrate concentration of 0.1 microM, 95% of activity
      is due to the high-affinity component whereas at 100 microM 69% of activity is
      due to the low-affinity component. Inhibition studies with metyrapone and alpha
      naphthoflavone at 0.1 microM and 100 microM suggest that the high-affinity
      component may reflect a 3-methylcholanthrene-inducible form of cytochrome.
      Therefore studies at low substrate concentrations may be a useful tool for
      cytochrome P-450 studies in man. Rat liver microsomes show linear kinetics
      indicating the involvement of one major form of cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 4049901
TI  - Absorption, distribution and excretion of sultopride in man and several animal
      species.
AB  - Single oral and intramuscular doses of 14C-sultopride to rat, rabbit and dog and
      single oral doses of sultopride to human volunteers were well absorbed. Mean
      blood levels of total 14C peaked at 0.4-1.1 h and declined with half-lives of 2,
      1.5 and 3 h in rat, rabbit and dog, respectively. In man mean serum levels of
      unchanged drug attained a peak at 1.5 h and were eliminated with a half-life of
      3.6 h. Highest concn. of radioactivity were found in rat liver, kidney,
      hypophysis, submaxillary gland and gastrointestinal tract. The concn. in the
      cerebrum and cerebellum were low. 14C-Sultopride passed through the placental
      barrier. 14C-Sultopride was poorly bound to plasma proteins (less than 25% bound)
      in all species. Repeated doses of the drug slightly increased the blood and
      tissue levels of 14C in the rat. Most of the dose was eliminated via the kidneys
      in all species. Male rats excreted larger amounts of 14C into bile and faeces. A
      high ratio of A.U.C. (milk)/(blood) (c. 3.5) was found in the lactating rat.

PMID- 4049902
TI  - Correlation of the clinical pharmacodynamics of loprazolam with serum
      concentration.
AB  - Six healthy fasted volunteers each received oral doses of a placebo, 1 mg and 2
      mg loprazolam with one week between treatments using a double-blind balanced
      crossover design. Serum samples were obtained at selected times after dosing for
      measurement of loprazolam using a combined high-performance liquid and gas
      chromatographic assay. Drug effect was also measured at the corresponding times
      using self-assessment scales and psychomotor tests. The serum levels of
      loprazolam followed a somewhat irregular shape with secondary and tertiary peaks
      possibly associated with food intake. The maximum serum levels of loprazolam
      following 1 mg and 2 mg doses of the drug (6.0 +/- 2.6 and 11.3 +/- 2.9 ng/ml,
      respectively) occurred at approximately one hour after dosing. Both the maximum
      serum levels and the area under the curve of loprazolam measured to six hours
      increased in direct proportion to dose. Statistically significant drug effects
      were seen after 2 mg loprazolam, although the subjects also appeared sedated
      after 1 mg doses. There appeared to be a good correlation between the logarithm
      of the serum concentration of loprazolam and effect which suggested that the
      hypnotic activity of the drug was not mediated via a long-lived metabolite. A
      threshold serum concentration associated with evident sedation was observed at
      approximately 3 ng/ml.

PMID- 4049904
TI  - VIIIth International Symposium on the Psychotherapy of Schizophrenia: New
      approaches to psychosocial intervention. Part one.

PMID- 4049903
TI  - A psychosocial orientation to schizophrenic disorders.
AB  - The address considers the regression that has taken place in American psychiatry
      during the second half of this century, one which has resulted from attempts to
      locate the origins of many psychiatric disorders in the brain, and particularly
      from the misguided attempt to revitalize the nineteenth-century conviction that
      schizophrenia is a clear-cut disease entity that is chronic and incurable. The
      orientation has again become self-fulfilling because of the relative neglect of
      psychosocial therapies. A basic reason for the regression lies in a
      misunderstanding of the nature of human adaptation that rests greatly on the
      capacities for language, which has led to the need for children to acquire a
      culture in order to survive and become integrated individuals-an acquisition that
      depends largely on the parental persons, and inevitably creates some emotional
      conflicts and adaptive shortcomings; and, when extreme, leads to the escape into
      a fantasy life and a breaking through confines imposed by the meaning system and
      logic of the culture that we term schizophrenia.

PMID- 4049905
TI  - A framework for the analysis of psychotherapeutic approaches to schizophrenia.
AB  - A conceptual framework is articulated which clarifies the importance of
      psychotherapy as part of the treatment armamentarium in working with individuals
      carrying schizophrenic diagnoses. The author looks at the goals and appropriate
      role relationships for understanding and treating schizophrenic individuals from
      multiple psychotherapeutic perspectives. The goal is to present an overview
      within which different psychotherapeutic approaches to schizophrenia can be
      understood and compared and then reconnected in actual practice.

PMID- 4049906
TI  - The Finnish adoptive family study of schizophrenia.
AB  - A nationwide Finnish sample of schizophrenic mothers' offspring given up for
      adoption has been compared blindly with matched controls; i.e., adopted-away
      offspring of non-schizophrenic biologic parents. The families have been
      investigated thoroughly by joint and individual interviews and psychological
      tests. In the 91 pairs where both the index and control families have already
      been investigated and rated, the total number of severe diagnoses (psychosis,
      borderline, character disorder) is 28.6 percent (26/91) in the index group and
      16.5 percent (15/91) in the matched control group. Of the seven psychotic cases,
      six are offspring of schizophrenics and only one is a control offspring. However,
      no seriously disturbed offspring has been found in a healthy or mildly disturbed
      adoptive family, and those offspring who were psychotic and seriously disturbed
      were nearly all reared in disturbed adoptive families. This combination of
      findings supports the hypothesis that a possible genetic vulnerability has
      interacted with the adoptive rearing environment.

PMID- 4049907
TI  - Intensive psychotherapy of schizophrenia.
AB  - The literature on strategies of investigative psychotherapy of schizophrenia is
      selectively reviewed, and a case history is presented. The format is modelled on
      the authors' research technique of contrasting theory with practice. While long
      term observation of single cases does not address cause and effect, descriptions
      of cases with a variety of known outcomes can help to build a typology of
      treatment processes.

PMID- 4049908
TI  - Why some patients prefer to become manic-depressive rather than schizophrenic.
AB  - This paper reports the authors' observations on fifteen families in which a young
      adult member had been diagnosed as manic-depressive. All families were seen in
      systemic family therapy, with intervals of four to six weeks between sessions.
      The circular questioning method developed by Selvini-Palazzoli [1] and her team
      was widely employed. All families could be described as extremely rigid and bound
      up systems characterized by a "restrictive parental complementarity," typical
      dynamics of reciprocal delegation, and certain cognitive features and shared
      assumptions. These "manic-depressive" families show similarities as well as
      differences when compared with families with schizophrenic members (i.e., "schizo
      present" families). Finally, some therapeutic implications of this view and
      approach are developed.

PMID- 4049909
TI  - Attention, communication, and schizophrenia.
AB  - The paper starts by drawing the historical lines for and giving an account of the
      main methods and results from an empirical investigation of cognitive disorders
      in schizophrenics and communication deviances in their parents. The focus of the
      report is on the significant correlations that were found between some aspects of
      parents' style of communication and offsprings' cognitive functioning. On the
      basis of the empirical study, the relationship between attention and
      communication is discussed, and the issue of whether attentional processes
      "change identity" by being embedded in a social context is considered.
      Furthermore, the influence of deviant communication in parents on attentional
      processes in offspring is discussed in relation to a main postulate in Vygotsky's
      theory; namely, that higher mental functions are internalized social relations.

PMID- 4049910
TI  - Analytically oriented psychotherapy in schizotypal and borderline patients: at
      the border of treatability.
AB  - Analytically oriented psychotherapy (AOP) has been considered the treatment of
      choice for borderline patients and a useful technique in the treatment of
      schizotypal patients. There are many exceptions, however, in addition to a number
      of borderline and schizotypal patients who are just barely amenable to this
      modality: they are at the border of treatability by AOP. Limitations relating to
      time, cost, and the availability of therapists trained in this discipline render
      it important to delineate the factors which conduce either to the success or
      failure of AOP. From the author's clinical impressions about borderline and
      schizotypal patients at the border of treatability by AOP, a number of such
      factors emerge. On the positive side: likeableness, autoplastic defenses, high
      motivation, psychological-mindedness, genuine concern, good moral sense, self
      discipline, and low impulsivity. Negative factors include, beside the opposites
      to the aforementioned, vengefulness and parental abusiveness or exploitation. A
      scale for measuring the balance between these positive and negative factors is
      proposed. Its use may, it is hoped, improve forecast, during initial
      consultation, as to which borderline and schizotypal patients will respond
      favorably to AOP.

PMID- 4049911
TI  - Shame in the treatment of schizophrenia: theoretical considerations with clinical
      illustrations.
AB  - The phenomenology and dynamics of shame have been largely overlooked in the
      psychoanalytic and psychological literature. The emerging literature now suggests
      that shame may play a vital role in autonomy and personality development, symptom
      formation, character pathology, and interpersonal relationships. This paper
      attempts to describe shame phenomena and identify shame dynamics. The role of
      shame in the understanding and treatment of schizophrenic individuals is then
      demonstrated through reference to the writings of Frieda Fromm-Reichmann and
      examples from the author's clinical work.

PMID- 4049912
TI  - The Schreber case revisited: schizophrenia as a disorder of self-regulation and
      of interactional regulation.
AB  - The Schreber case has been used by generations of psychoanalysts and
      psychiatrists to exemplify many features of the psychoanalytic conception of
      psychosis. It has generally been considered the origin of a great debate in
      psychoanalysis as to whether schizophrenia is a disorder of nature or of nurture.
      I seek in this contribution to proffer a newer theory of psychopathology, one
      which is based upon the conception of primary and secondary disorders of
      attachment (bonding) and which presents itself clinically as disorders of self
      regulation and of interactional regulation. I attempt to explicate this theory in
      the Schreber case by demonstrating that his symptoms revealed: (a) failures of
      normal mental state regulations, (b) the emergence of symptoms which then
      secondarily and pathologically restore regulation in a pathological manner, and
      finally (c) his/her very symptoms seem to regulate a state in the family system
      and/or in the system of the culture at large.

PMID- 4049913
TI  - VIIIth International Symposium on the Psychotherapy of Schizophrenia: New
      approaches to psychosocial intervention. Part two.

PMID- 4049914
TI  - Carbamazepine and psychotherapy in the treatment of schizoaffective psychosis.
AB  - The authors describe the interactions between and the differential effects of
      carbamazepine and individual psychotherapy in the treatment of a schizoaffective
      patient. Carbamazepine's impact on the patient's affective life facilitated the
      establishment of a working alliance in psychotherapy. As the patient began to
      understand and differentiate aspects of his affective, cognitive, bodily, and
      interpersonal experiences, his life situation stabilized and his carbamazepine
      dose requirements diminished.

PMID- 4049915
TI  - The individual psychoanalytic psychotherapy of schizophrenia: scientific and
      clinical approach through a clinical discussion group.
AB  - Fifty individual psychotherapies of schizophrenic patients, supervised by a
      control group for fourteen years, are examined. 80 percent of the patients have
      shown important clinical progress and, in many cases, have been healed,
      especially those who continued therapy for more than two years and who had a deep
      and reciprocal emotional involvement with the therapist during and after
      treatment; there was a reduction by 70 percent of hospitalizations during this
      treatment and only one of these had a relapse. Other data confirm the efficacy of
      psychotherapy; however, to give a new instrument of scientific confirmation to
      this type of individual and subjective work, we tried to observe how the
      psychopathological and therapeutic mechanism of "symbiosis" induces personal
      dynamics in the therapist which are reflected in the control group. The
      psychopathological symbiotic disturbance of the patient, the therapeutic
      symbiotic relationship, and the way in which the group reacts to these permit the
      creation of a useful triangle, both for the therapist to understand his position
      toward the patient and to confirm or correct the subjective aspects of such a
      deep and emotional relationship.

PMID- 4049916
TI  - Why are the results of milieu therapy for schizophrenic patients contradictory?
      An analysis based on four empirical studies.
AB  - The results of milieu therapy with psychotic patients have been highly
      conflicting because of unrecognized differences among the wards investigated. Our
      own research indicates that for psychotic patients in short- and intermediate
      term wards: A beneficial milieu has a low perceived level of anger and aggression
      and a high level of support, practical orientation, and order and organization.
      Confronting group therapy is detrimental and individually oriented milieu therapy
      beneficial. Community groups may become anti-therapeutic pseudo-groups. Extensive
      use of confrontational groups may contribute to a detrimental ward atmosphere. A
      high mean age of patients may contribute to a favorable low level of aggression.
      A high percentage of psychotic patients, a high number of patients, and a high
      staff turnover may lead to a detrimental atmosphere. On this basis we tried to
      change the milieu on a 26-bed therapeutic community ward which proved to have
      pseudo-groups and a detrimental ward atmosphere. The amount of compulsory group
      activities was reduced, the groups made more task-oriented, the amount of
      individually oriented milieu therapy increased, and the number of beds reduced.
      At re-evaluation the ward atmosphere had improved considerably.

PMID- 4049917
TI  - A psychotherapeutic approach to task-oriented groups of severely ill patients.
AB  - This paper presents a conceptual approach for leading various types of groups of
      chronically mentally ill patients. Although these groups may have a concrete,
      task-oriented purpose, with skillful leadership they also function as
      psychotherapy groups. The developmental deficits in ego functions, object
      relations, and social skills that severely impair such groups can be compensated
      by non-interpretative actions of the therapists. The group leader must actively
      work to provide for the structure, stability, and safety of the group when group
      members are unable to provide these for themselves.

PMID- 4049918
TI  - Effects of psychotherapy in schizophrenia.
AB  - Fifty-one schizophrenic patients were randomly assigned to receive insight
      oriented or supportive psychotherapy. After two years of treatment, their
      outcomes were compared on a broad range of measures. The results of the two
      therapies were, for the most part, similar. Some advantages for each were also
      seen in the sectors of outcome toward which the two treatments were focused. The
      supportive therapy group did better in areas of practical adaptation and the
      insight therapy group did better in areas of intrapsychic function.

PMID- 4049919
TI  - Developing a global psychotherapeutic approach to schizophrenia: results of a
      five-year follow-up.
AB  - This is an account of a long-range action research project to determine
      indications for and effects of a comprehensive psychotherapeutic approach,
      including various treatment modalities, in the treatment of schizophrenics. Four
      diagnostic groups were established among the 100 patients. In the course of data
      analysis, the group of typical schizophrenics (56 percent) was contrasted to or
      compared with the entire series. A further diagnostic differentiation was
      established according to ego functioning; i.e., imminent, acute, regressive, and
      paranoid ego disintegrations, respectively. Patients and family members were
      interviewed upon admission, and again two and five years later, and the data
      recorded on a 163-item form from which 40 clinical and psychosocial variables
      were constructed after the baseline examinations. In addition to cross
      tabulation, logistic regression analysis was employed. The conclusion that the
      follow-up study supports the effectiveness of our global psychotherapeutic
      approach to treating schizophrenia seems justified. Results so far indicate that
      five modes of therapy in addition to drug treatments are optimal for different
      patients. The five modes are long-term individual psychotherapy, couple or
      conjoint family therapy for married patients, family therapy with the family of
      origin, flexible short-term crisis intervention with a family focus, and
      extensive long-term treatment focused on social rehabilitation for the most ill
      starred patients.

PMID- 4049920
TI  - [Comparative scientific methodologic analysis of the current status and
      perspectives of development of the biology of aging in the USSR and abroad. I.
      Scientific metric analysis].
AB  - On the basis of national and international literature of the past twenty years
      (publication register by N. Shock and Excerpta Medica) an analysis is made which
      makes projections of the trend of gerontologic research possible. It was found
      that the number of publications dealing with biological gerontology has risen,
      whereas that of clinical gerontology has shown a downward trend. The same applies
      to sociological gerontology.

PMID- 4049921
TI  - [Comparative scientific methodologic analysis of the current status and
      perspectives of development of the biology of aging in the USSR and abroad. II.
      Analysis of expert evaluation].

PMID- 4049922
TI  - The premature ageing of former KZ-prisoners.
AB  - The author gives an overview on health damages from former prisoners in
      concentration camps more then 30 years after the deliverance.

PMID- 4049923
TI  - [Peculiarities in the development of health-relevant behavior in the elderly].

PMID- 4049924
TI  - [Personality and life satisfaction in the aged].
AB  - An investigation was carried out on biographical items of 111 partakers in the
      university-of-third-age by means of a questionnaire. Contentedness of one's life
      was found related to one's personality, the first being in favour for
      preservation and development of certain features of personality, the second
      influencing contentedness. Factors those strengthening life-contentedness as well
      as health are found being appropriate self-focusing to the aging-process,
      readiness to continue learning, creating a new task of life after retirement,
      social activity, family contacts, and self-consciousness. Psychical and social
      factors to a certain amount, are supposed to be compensatory concerning physical
      involution and health injuries, thus being basical to life-contentedness and the
      level of personality at higher age of life.

PMID- 4049925
TI  - [Comparison of oral administration and intramuscular injection of thymus
      preparations on the leukopoiesis test in rats and some of the preventive
      possibilities emerging from the results].
AB  - Considering the fact that all immunologic processes consume energy, we have been
      attempting for more than a decade to combine immunostimulating measures with such
      for increasing the energetic state. This basic resulted in designing several
      modern variants of the Oxygen Multistep Immunostimulation. In order to make this
      method broadly applicable to public health care, its protocol had to be
      simplified in such a way that it can easily be applied also to outpatients at a
      reasonable expenditure of time. Such a program is described here among other
      variants. Its concept is based on measurements of leukopoiesis in rats after
      administration of thymus extract. The test system used revealed that oral
      administration of the thymus extract taken from specified dragees was of at least
      the same effect as intramuscular injection. The simplified variant of the Oxygen
      Multistep Immunostimulation which can be practised ambulantly within a short
      time, consists of the administration of thymus dragees and the 15-min-oxygen
      multistep quick procedure of the Oxygen Multistep Therapy. It is demonstrated by
      comparison of photographs of a case report the precancerous skin lesions can be
      unprimed by this simple treatment within 10 months. The finding indicates that
      along these lines a permanently effective cancer prevention might become
      practicable. Furthermore, it is supposed that the simple treatment schedule
      described should be of benefit in preventive medicine and gerontology as well, in
      order to fight illness in general and to reduce the disposition to diseases
      having a bad prognosis particularly in old age.

PMID- 4049926
TI  - [Sex differences in biologic aging. Results of an experimental study].
AB  - The authors report on first experimentally verified findings concerning the sex
      specific ageing dynamism of man. The study is based on reference values of
      biological age which could be gathered by employing a clinical complex technique.
      This technique is conspicuous for its high precision; the reference-value quality
      of the model curves likewise satisfying all test theoretical criteria. The
      reference values of biological age characterize the dynamism of ageing within a
      randomized population group, i.e. 197 male and 168 female citizens aged between
      18 and 75 years who were living in urban Leipzig and mainly employed in the
      working process. Remarkably enough, there hardly appear to be any differences
      between the two sexes as far as the rate of ageing is concerned. This causes the
      authors to emphasize the great importance of sex-differentiated morbidity for an
      increased mortality among men in the industrialized countries. A genetically
      predetermined higher rate of ageing among men and a resulting lower life
      expectancy exclusively contingent on it does not seem to exist. These
      experimentally obtained results correspond in tendency to epidemiological data.

PMID- 4049927
TI  - [Giessen test of the aging dynamics of social behavior].
AB  - The Giessen-test was applied during gerontological complex investigations to
      study the biological ages of predominantly professionally engaged Leipzig
      citizens. Four dimensions of this psycho-diagnostical procedure showed a clear
      age-characteristic confirming the tendencially known features of psycho-social
      ageing. The achieved results point again to the fact that the deficit-model of
      ageing processes is not justified in psycho-social relations, in particular. The
      experiences of this experimental series claim further that the Giessen Test
      should be applied with old-age people reserve only because of the methodical
      problems implied.

PMID- 4049928
TI  - [Side effects of nonsteroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on cartilage
      metabolism--facts from research and practice].
AB  - On the base of experiments with laboratory animals and in the clinical practice
      existing results confirmed that steroidal and any non-steroidal antiphlogistic
      drugs have antianabolic and catabolic side effects on the connective tissue--and
      special articular cartilage metabolism. Biochemical and pharmacological
      investigations have shown that any of these drugs excert inhibitory effects on
      synthesis special of proteoglycans of ground substance in the cartilage. The use
      of such drugs in therapy of osteoarthrosis should be short-timed and limited to
      the treatment of patients with a so called activation of osteoarthrosis. For the
      long-term pharmacotherapy of osteoarthrosis should be used such antiphlogistic
      drugs without inhibitory side effects on the cartilage metabolism. The risk in
      occurrence of progressive articular cartilage damage in the therapy, special long
      term therapy, with antiphlogistic drugs and the existence of pathological
      metabolic changes as a favourable factor for aseptic osteochondronecroses
      respectively as praearthrotic deformity is probably greater as in normal
      metabolic situations. The application of steroidal antiphlogistic drugs lead
      initial to good therapy results with reference to objective and subjective
      disease signs. These drug-therapy should be succombed an account of the severe
      negative side effects on cartilage metabolism (risk of osteochondronecrosis) a
      strict diagnosis and limited for the therapy of patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis (acute phase).

PMID- 4049929
TI  - [Development of operative therapy in a public hospital 1910 to 1980].
AB  - An analysis of the operation records for the years from 1910 to 1980 shows a
      considerable increase in the indication for surgical treatment. While the average
      age of the groups of patients does not increase in general, an increase in the
      number of patients operated on in higher age can be proved. This paper gives an
      outline of problems of preparation for operations, the application of narcosis
      techniques and postoperational care for these groups of patients.

PMID- 4049930
TI  - [Body weight changes in the aged].
AB  - The paper reports on general medical experiences in a municipal territory
      concerning the weight changing of 129 women with an average age of 74,8 years. In
      a period of 5 years the investigated group showed an evidential trend to a weight
      decreasing.

PMID- 4049931
TI  - [Assessment of mortality in East Germany in 1982 using the cause of death to
      compute life expectancy].

PMID- 4049932
TI  - [New knowledge and future tasks of accelerated growth research in East Germany.
      I].

PMID- 4049933
TI  - [Tasks of social public health in medical research in the field of human
      reproduction].

PMID- 4049934
TI  - [Significance of the analysis of birth rates for medicine. 1: Analysis of changes
      in the birth rate in East Germany 1968 to 1982].

PMID- 4049936
TI  - [Health and responsibility].

PMID- 4049935
TI  - [Value of intrauterine contraception].

PMID- 4049937
TI  - [Social development and scientific view of life].

PMID- 4049938
TI  - [Friendship and cooperation with the Soviet Union--a permanent tradition in the
      continuing education of physicians. A reflection on the 40th anniversary of the
      liberation].

PMID- 4049939
TI  - [Gastric dysplasias and their clinical significance with reference to atypical
      forms].

PMID- 4049940
TI  - [Cortisol levels in reduced stress anesthesia].

PMID- 4049941
TI  - [Significance of chemically noxious agents in the etiology of Parkinson
      syndrome].

PMID- 4049942
TI  - [Complications following alloarthroplasty of the hip joint].

PMID- 4049943
TI  - [Personal experiences in the treatment of urethral strictures using endoscopic
      urethrotomy].

PMID- 4049944
TI  - [Scarifying--an old method with new significance].

PMID- 4049945
TI  - [Group training lectures--an effective form of imparting physical therapy basic
      knowledge].

PMID- 4049946
TI  - [A catalog of conventional roentgen studies].

PMID- 4049947
TI  - [Cooperation between general physicians and specialists of other disciplines in
      the interests of increasing the quality and effectiveness of basic medical care].

PMID- 4049948
TI  - [Possibilities of the modification of illness status by intensifying industrial
      medicine consultations].

PMID- 4049949
TI  - [Duration of work disability in fractures of the hand].

PMID- 4049950
TI  - [Simple determination of peracetic acid].

PMID- 4049951
TI  - [Behavior of chloramphenicol residues following intramuscular administration in
      swine].
AB  - Residues of chloramphenicol (CAP) were examined in 24 pigs after intramuscular
      injection of 30 mg CAP/kg body weight. Two pigs were slaughtered after 3, 6, 12,
      18, 24, 36 hours, 2, 3, 6, 10, 21 and 30 days, respectively. CAP-concentrations
      were determined in muscle, blood, urine, liver, kidney, bile, and fat. Methods
      used were gas-liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. Detection limits
      reached were 1-5 ppb. The concentration-time curves obtained reflected a long
      elimination phase and allowed only calculation of this half-life. Elimination
      half-life was estimated to be for muscle, blood and urine 160-170 hours, for
      kidney 310 and for bile 250 hours. Significant correlations were found to exist
      between CAP-concentrations in plasma and muscle. It appears that blood would be a
      good body fluid for monitoring CAP-residues in tissue.

PMID- 4049952
TI  - A survey on operating conditions and quality of commercial frying fats in
      Hungary.
AB  - An extensive survey on commercial frying fats was conducted in Budapest. It was
      based on sample collection, analysis and questionnaires filled in with each
      sample. Frying fats and oils were collected from restaurants, fast-food services
      and public catering facilities. The quality of samples was assessed by
      determining their polar components. An evaluation of questionnaires containing
      over 20 questions yielded detailed information on the usage of fats as well as
      the fryer operators' habits of conducting frying processes and their knowledge on
      the subject. The survey consisted of two periods. During the first period 252
      samples were collected at random. Quality assessment indicated that 53.6% of all
      samples was of good quality (with concentrations of polar materials below 25%)
      while the rest were at the discard point or deteriorated. The second part of the
      survey was aimed at a recheck of the places where fat had been found
      deteriorated. Second samples were obtained from 53 establishments. The results
      showed an improvement both in operating conditions and quality of frying fats.
      Based on the results, the necessity of instructing fryer operators and
      introducing regulations and routine quality testings of frying fats became
      obvious.

PMID- 4049953
TI  - [Effect of the Zn supply on alkaline ribonuclease activity in rats].
AB  - The purpose of this paper was to show whether the activity of the zinc-dependent
      enzyme alkaline ribonuclease in zinc-sensitive tissues allows conclusions to be
      drawn on the Zn supply status. For this 27 weaned male Sprague-Dawley rats were
      divided into three groups of 9 animals each. A Zn deficiency group, which was
      given a diet with a Zn content of 3 ppm ad libitum, was compared to a pair-fed
      and an ad libitum control group with a Zn content in the diet of 60 ppm each.
      After 22 trial days the animals were killed, and the zinc and protein contents as
      well as the activity of the alkaline ribonuclease in the serum, testicles, femur,
      urine, liver, and kidneys were determined. Although the Zn concentration in the
      serum, testicles, femur, and kidneys of the deficiency animals were significantly
      reduced, the alkaline ribonuclease showed an increased activity only in the
      kidneys, in the testicles the activity was reduced, and in the serum, femur,
      urine and liver it remained unchanged. The protein concentration in serum and
      femur was reduced because of Zn deficiency, whereas the decrease in testicles,
      liver and kidneys must be attributed to the reduced feed intake. The influence of
      the dietary Zn deficiency on the activity of the alkaline ribonuclease was
      therefore more the result of an altered feed intake and growth rate than a direct
      effect of zinc on the enzymatic system. Therefore the determination of the
      activity of the alkaline ribonuclease can be excluded as a parameter for the
      diagnosis of Zn supply and Zn deficiency.

PMID- 4049954
TI  - [Effect of various extrusion conditions on the protein quality of soybean and
      whole rye meal].
AB  - Using a Creusot-Loire twin-screw extruder (Type BC 45), ground soy bean and whole
      rye meal were extruded under various processing conditions (12% and 18% water
      content in the raw material, 129 degrees C and 165 degrees C product temperature
      in the case of soy bean, 12% and 18% water content, 165 degrees C product
      temperature in the case of rye, screw speed of 150 R/min, for all samples). The
      nutritional protein quality (apparent protein digestibility PV, net protein
      utilization NPU, and biological value BW) of the extrudates was determined by the
      nitrogen balance technique in growing rats. Compared to the untreated raw
      material no decrease in PV or NPU was noted for extrudates made from soy bean or
      rye. Extrusion of ground soy bean at 165 degrees C and 18% water content caused a
      significant decrease of BW from 68% to 64%. The lower water content (12%) induced
      a slight improvement of PV in soy extrudates and of NPU and BW in rye extrudates.
      The results indicate that the extrusion at low water content and moderate
      temperature can safely be used to process ground soy bean and whole rye meal
      without and damage to the nutritional protein quality.

PMID- 4049956
TI  - [Current hygienic problems in protection of the health of the upcoming
      generation].

PMID- 4049957
TI  - [Public health planning of work conditions, improvement of work conditions-
      reserve for increase of work effectiveness].

PMID- 4049955
TI  - The influence of two different essential amino acid/keto analogue preparations on
      the clinical status of patients with chronic renal failure.
AB  - 58 outpatients with a serum creatinine between 6-10 mg/dl received a low protein
      diet (LPD) with 30 g protein/day, supplemented with essential amino acids (EAA)
      or their keto analogues (KA). Group A (n = 19) was given an EAA/KA supplement
      according to the pattern proposed by Rose and group B (n = 39) received a
      preparation with an increased amount of KAs of branched chain amino acids (BCKA),
      as recommended by Walser. At the start of treatment with a LPD supplemented with
      either of the two supplements and after 6 months of treatment we assessed: plasma
      branched chain amino acids (BCAA), renal function, nutritional status, and bone
      metabolism. After six months of dietary treatment the results showed in group B
      in contrast to group A an improvement of nutritional status (body weight
      increased, urea decreased, and BCAA normalized). The same was true for bone
      metabolism (significantly lower phosphate levels, increased calcium values). In
      both groups progression of chronic renal failure slowed down, but the delay was
      more pronounced in group B. All results were statistically significant (p less
      than 0.01).

PMID- 4049958
TI  - [Scientific principles of environmental health in the USSR--results and tasks].

PMID- 4049959
TI  - [Further improvement of occupational medicine dispensary care--a priority task in
      the health protection of workers].

PMID- 4049960
TI  - [Effect of various occupational and industrial factors on the morbidity of young
      workers].

PMID- 4049961
TI  - [Effect of the satisfaction of young adults with their occupation, job and life
      conditions on their morbidity].

PMID- 4049962
TI  - [Epidemiology of noncommunicable diseases from the social health viewpoint].

PMID- 4049963
TI  - [Demands for public health monitoring of drinking water fluoridation].

PMID- 4049964
TI  - [Development of hygiene in urban construction in East Germany 1970 to 1986].

PMID- 4049965
TI  - [A model of a sociologically oriented study on noise stress of an urban
      population].

PMID- 4049966
TI  - [Community noise problems in the area of coal handling and storage sites].

PMID- 4049967
TI  - [Improvement of quality control in the study of foods].

PMID- 4049968
TI  - Possible role of nickel induced metallothionein (MT) in protection against
      cadmium nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 4049969
TI  - [High performance liquid chromatography determination of dichlorprop and its
      metabolites].

PMID- 4049970
TI  - [Ventilation of operating rooms without humidifying them?].

PMID- 4049971
TI  - [Accelerative changes in children and adolescents from the current viewpoint].

PMID- 4049972
TI  - [Modification of breast feeding motivation and breast feeding behavior by
      prenatal care and the puerperal clinic].

PMID- 4049973
TI  - [Measuring the heat status of the clothed human].

PMID- 4049974
TI  - [Family care--today].

PMID- 4049975
TI  - [Practically applicable and social knowledge of former special education
      students].

PMID- 4049976
TI  - [Experimental determination of muscular work capacity for repetitive static work
      in a predetermined work-rest rhythm].

PMID- 4049977
TI  - [Problems and observations on progressive systemic scleroderma].
AB  - At first the pathogenesis of sclerodermia is discussed. Disturbed immunological
      control mechanisms for the activity of fibroblasts with an increased humoral
      activity are mentioned as causes. Then relevant clinical changes in connection
      with own investigations are outlined and finally some therapeutic possibilities
      are mentioned. The pathobiochemical changes of the collagen metabolism of
      sclerodermia are analysed and own investigations about the laboratory parameters,
      hydroxyprolin and N-acetyl-neuraminic acid which summarizingly reflect the
      collagen metabolism in patients with sclerodermia follow. Finally diagnostic
      possibilities of a renal participation are shown with the help of a quantitative
      and qualitative protein analysis in the collective urine, in which case a
      particular point is to be made of the distinction of selectively and
      unselectively excreted proteins.

PMID- 4049978
TI  - [Substitution of the superior sagittal sinus by the Gore-Tex artificial
      prosthesis in experimental animals].
AB  - The first animal experiments for substituting the superior sagittal sinus by Gore
      Tex prosthesis were carried out. The sufficiency of the prosthesis was documented
      in two pigs after overcoming technical and anesthesiological problems.

PMID- 4049979
TI  - [A bioassay for the testing of the oxytocic effect of hormone analogs of the
      neurohypophysis and the pineal body].
AB  - An improved bioassay for the testing of oxytocic compounds by the use of
      myometrium layer preparations has been developed and proved with synthetic
      oxytocin. The oxytocic activity of synthetic analogues was testes with this
      bioassay and compared to oxytocin. The myometrial layer preparation was
      demonstrated to be reliable, the vitality of the tissue is found for more than 8
      hours. The sensitivity of the bioassay is found in the region of 10(-11) Mol/l
      oxytocin, the maximum of the stimulation of muscle strips varied from 5 X 10(-5)
      IU/ml to 10(-4) IU/ml oxytocin in the organ-bath. The concentration of the
      myometrium strips showed two different phases. Only the initial phase can be used
      for this bioassay. The calculation of the results was afforded planimetrically
      and by measuring of the concentration-maximum during the testing period. The
      synthetic hormone analogues [1-desamino-4-alpha-aminobutyric acid] lysine
      vasotocin (2) and [4 alpha-aminobutyric acid] lysine-vasotocin had oxytocic
      activity and the myometrium was activated to contractions at 10(-8) Mol/1. The
      analogue 2 was 5-10 more active than 3. The contraction maximum for both
      analogues was found between 5 X 10(-6) and 5 X 10(-5) Mol/l. The induction of the
      concentration for both analogues varied with the factor 10(5).

PMID- 4049980
TI  - [Clinical aspects of premature rupture of the membranes].
AB  - In this study all deliveries with premature rupture of the membranes (VBS)
      between 1978 and the midst of 1981 were compared and statistically analysed using
      a control collective, which consisted of the sum of the respective following
      delivery. A premature rupture of the membranes was found in 18.1 per cent. We
      observed a VBS more often in case of increasing age of the mother and
      significantly more often for primiparae. An infection of the urinary tract seemed
      to increase the risk of an VBS. The latent period is longer, if the VBS occurred
      in the early pregnancy. There was no difference between both groups according to
      the course of birth, the frequency of KPDA, the pressing period and the period of
      dilatation. Complications with the umbilical cord could not be found more often
      in the collective of premature rupture of the membranes than in the control
      group. The umbilical cord prolapse even was rarer in case of premature rupture of
      the membranes. Difficulties in adaptation and the respiratory distress syndrome
      could be found significantly more often in the group of VBS, according to the
      higher rate of premature children in this collective. The possible stimulating
      effect of the VBS on the induction of the fetal lung maturity was reserved by the
      higher rate of neonatal infections in case of longer latent periods. We found the
      amnion infection syndrome in 2.1 per cent if the latent period was less than 24
      hours, 10.7 per cent if it was longer than 48 hours and more than 15 per cent if
      it was 72 hours and more.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4049981
TI  - [Chorioamniotic infections following diagnostic amniocentesis in the 2d
      trimester].
AB  - Between 1978 and 1984 we performed 3 122 amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis in
      second trimester. Based on a four week follow-up in more than 96% of all
      amniocentesis the percentage of fetal loss was 0.74% (n = 23). In 13 cases
      abortion was accompanied by chorioamnionitis. These cases were examined for
      various technical details and it could be concluded, that the incidence of
      febrile abortion is related to the early gestational age for amniocentesis. On
      the other hand, multiple insertions or the localisation of placenta both show no
      relation to the short-time febrile complications. To investigate the maternal
      fetal transfer of mezlocillin, a single dose of 5 g mezlocillin was administered
      intravenously in 25 patients. In amniotic fluid mezlocillin levels exceeded 2
      micrograms/ml nearly 120 minutes after administration. These pharmacokinetic data
      suggest, that a prophylactic regimen with antibiotics in the course of
      amniocentesis seems not to be beneficial for the prevention of chorio-amniotic
      infections.

PMID- 4049982
TI  - [The Cerviport--a device for the continuous measurement of the dilatation of the
      ostium uteri during labor].
AB  - In the past few years obstetrics has experienced substantial improvements due to
      the apparatus supervision of the fetus. What remained an unsolved problem was the
      continuous measuring of the dilatation of the cervix in labor, although various
      methods have been developed. The forceps given by Richardson et al. 1978 have
      been further developed by us. These cervical forceps are attached to the cervix
      at 3 and 9 o'clock. The patulousness of the cervix corresponds to the angular
      aperture of the forceps and is directly converted into an electric signal by
      means of a dilatation-measuring strip attached to the branches of the forceps and
      said signal is continuously recorded by a compensation writer which is
      synchronized with the cardiotocograph. 110 women between the 34th and the 41st
      week of pregnancy were examined. In the course of the measurements carried out,
      the application of the cervical forceps became easier for the obstetrician,
      because he acquired more and more routine in applying such forceps. The
      indication for cervical measuring includes delayed labor, premature rupture of
      the fetal membranes, the fetus letalis ante partum as well as the attempt of a
      spontaneous partus after a Caesarean section in combination with measuring the
      intrauterine pressure. Because no increased danger of infection was observed,
      cervical measuring is considered to be an enrichment in the field of obstetrics.
      The inconveniences caused to the patient by applying the cervical forceps are by
      far made good for by the absence of manual examinations. Hence, one can assume
      that cervical measuring in the case of risk patients during pregnancy constitutes
      a useful additional measure.

PMID- 4049983
TI  - [The value of continuous respiration monitoring in the early diagnosis of
      potentially life-threatening diseases in newborn infants].
AB  - In 1983, 1 466 newborn children were monitored with the help of "apnea
      mattresses" during hospitalization in the Klinikum Steglitz. Sixteen children
      were transferred to the Pediatric Clinic for further diagnosis because of
      pathological respiratory rate patterns. Fourteen of those children had
      pathological findings with a predominance of infectious problems. Major health
      disorders in newborns seem to announce themselves, among other things, by an
      irregular breathing pattern. An early diagnosis of it is possible with the help
      of continuous respiratory monitoring.

PMID- 4049984
TI  - [Pathophysiology and clinical aspects of pre-eclampsia].
AB  - From the pre-natal follow-up it was remarkable that cases have been admitted
      relatively late. Hints to a possible development of preeclampsia could be seen
      from patients history or the routine check up, for example the registration of
      edema, fetal growth retardation and oligohydramnios. For early diagnosis of
      preeclampsia we recommend: Calculation of mean arterial blood pressure or its non
      invasive measurement; determination of hematocrit, uric acid and total plasma
      protein (in particular hemorheologic measurements). Hypomagnesemia in
      preeclampsia, as described by some authors, was also seen in our cases. The
      complex symptomatology of preeclampsia could be attributed to a generalised
      disturbance of microcirculation, which leads to definite reactions of the organs
      concerned. The microcirculatory failure is caused by vasoconstriction,
      hemoconcentration, hyperviscosity and hypercoagulation (up to DIC and consumption
      coagulopathy). The resulting symptoms and syndromes can be: EPH, HELLP, hemolytic
      uremic Syndrome, hepato-renal Syndrome, thrombocyte and antithrombin III
      deficiency etc. The drug of choice for treatment of preeclampsia is magnesium
      sulfate. Its application is based on long-term clinical experience and new
      aspects on the physiologic and pharmacologic role of magnesium. The
      recommendations of the German High Blood Pressure League to use calcium
      antagonists as a basis in the treatment of high blood pressure can be fulfilled
      particularly in pregnancy by the physiologic calcium antagonist Mg++. Magnesium
      sulfate should be given in a dosage of 24-72 g daily. The dose should also be
      made dependent from urinary output. Further treatment patterns of preeclampsia
      should be adjusted according to each case. The present results also support our
      hypothesis that magnesium deficiency (besides predisposing factors) could be
      responsible for the development of preeclampsia (present model shown in detail).
      Consequently, the early and long-term substitution of magnesium in pregnancy
      could help reduce preeclampsia.

PMID- 4049985
TI  - [Value of antepartal cardiotocogram in risk pregnancies--comparative evaluation
      of the non-stress test and oxytocin stress test].
AB  - 247 patients with risk of uteroplacental insufficiency were monitored by 434
      oxytocin challenge tests (OCT) and non-stress-tests (NST). A non-reactive NST was
      found in 20% of the patients. Late decelerations in the OCT were observed in 19%.
      With respect to late decelerations and loss of reactivity in the OCT, the results
      of the stress tests were pathological in 29% of the patients. Based on the
      evaluation of late decelerations only, the OCT does not appear to be superior to
      the NST. Only when the reactivity criterion is additionally taken into account
      can the diagnostic rating of the OCT be given more value than that of the NST.
      Furthermore, it could be established that the loss of reactivity is of greater
      importance than late decelerations in the presence of reactivity.

PMID- 4049986
TI  - [Antepartal CTG in sixfold umbilical cord encirclement and placental
      insufficiency--a case report].
AB  - The ante partum FHR-pattern of a 26 years old primigravida with signs of
      umbilical cord compression combined with placental insufficiency is presented and
      discussed. The difficulty in interpreting the CTG-tracings in this special case
      is stressed.

PMID- 4049987
TI  - [Current trends in hair diseases].

PMID- 4049988
TI  - [Plasmapheresis in the treatment of pemphigus].
AB  - The results of small-volume plasmapheresis were favorable in cases of severe
      pemphigus vulgaris and foliaceus if applied simultaneously together with
      corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide, both on lowered doses. The patients went
      into long-lasting remission. A special indication for this therapy are cases that
      do not allow the application of large doses of prednison because of severe side
      effects of steroids. The effect of plasmapheresis does not appear to depend on
      the removal large quantity of antibodies. Small-volume plasmapheresis as a
      supplementary therapy of the combined treatment with steroids and immuno
      suppressors showed better effects than large-volume plasmapheresis.

PMID- 4049989
TI  - [Merkeloma (Merkel cell carcinoma) from the clinical viewpoint based on 4 cases].
AB  - We report on 4 patients suffering from Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Although we have to
      deal with a lot of difficulties concerning the differentiation of macroscopically
      as well as microscopically similar tumors, there is a way to diagnosis by means
      of histology and neurone-specific enolase.

PMID- 4049990
TI  - [The concept of disease in patients with atopic dermatitis].
AB  - 34 former patients of a dermatological department with atopic dermatitis were
      compared with 29 patients of an Ear-Nose-Throat-department having similar age,
      sex and occupation and showing hardly any psychosomatic disturbances. Contrary to
      our expectations, the empiric-psychological examination did not reveal any
      impairment of the social behavior or the emotional competence of patients
      suffering from atopic dermatitis. In comparison to the control group, the
      patients of the dermatological department attached significantly greater
      importance to psychological influences on development as well as treatment of the
      disease. There was a correlation between symptoms "coming from outside" and the
      social competence; however, this correlation was not significantly greater than
      the control group. Our investigations suggest that atopic dermatitis may be
      differentiated into somatical-organizing types and rather psychological
      organizing types. The second group shows uncertainties with regard to the social
      competence.

PMID- 4049991
TI  - [Borreliosis--still a diagnostic labyrinth].
AB  - Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans and meningo-polyneuritis Garin-Bujadoux
      Bannwarth following initial erythema migrans represent infectious diseases and
      may lead to diagnostic misinterpretation. Three case reports illustrate the
      spirochetal nature of these entities usually transmitted by ticks (Ixodes
      ricinus).

PMID- 4049992
TI  - [False diagnosis--a nevus and its juridical consequences].
AB  - Not only therapy but also diagnosis requires high quality on the physician's
      part. He has to make a diagnosis according to the symptoms of the sickness as
      well as the patient's anamnesis applying all necessary resources of medical
      science. The right diagnosis at the beginning of treatment is an essential
      precondition for the proper information of the patient. During medical
      attendance, as well, the physician has to apply all possibilities of diagnosis.
      He is responsible for all damages brought on by a false diagnosis or by not
      making a diagnosis at all.

PMID- 4049993
TI  - [Imaging of the heart using nuclear magnetic resonance tomography. I:
      Tomography].
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) is a new concept in the diagnostics of the cardiovascular
      system. The basic principle of MR is nuclear magnetism. MR tomography is based on
      induction and spatial encoding of a nuclear magnetic resonance signal. Due to the
      high tissue concentration and MR sensitivity, medical MR imaging chiefly uses
      protons of water, 1H. MR tomography of protons presents highly contrasted images
      of soft tissue organs with spatial resolution in millimeters. Parametric analysis
      of the MR signal enables quantitative assessments of physico-chemical tissue
      properties, blood flow and perfusion. The method is noninvasive and without
      serious biological side effects. Ionising radiation or traditional contrast
      agents are not utilized. Using conventional ECG synchronized MR tomography the
      cardiac and great vessels anatomy are superbly resolved, exceptions being the
      resolution of coronary vasculature and cardiac valve apparatus. The excellent
      spatial resolution and flexible spatial image orientation are important
      advantages of quantitative assessment of cardiac function by MR imaging.
      Preliminary studies demonstrated clinical utility of tomographic assessments of
      T1 and T2 relaxation parameters as well as phase angle analysis for definition of
      myocardial ischemia, blood flow rates and wall motion dynamics. The first
      comparative studies between imaging modalities in diagnostics of specific cardiac
      disorders point to a superior anatomic resolution of the heart and vascular
      morphology by MR tomography. The utilization of MR tomography in cardiovascular
      medicine is new and it would be premature to assign a definite value to this
      costly technique in clinical evaluations of patients with heart disease. However,
      there is unequivocal evidence that MR technology will play a decisive role in
      cardiology in the future, and MR imaging already represents significant progress
      in the evaluation of patients with cardiac disease.

PMID- 4049994
TI  - [Detection of aneurysms of the atrial septum using transesophageal
      echocardiography].
AB  - In 7/340 patients (2.1%) examined by transesophageal echocardiography, aneurysms
      of the intraatrial septum were observed. In no patient were additional shunts
      present. In 3/7 patients mitral valve and in 2/7 patients tricuspidal valve
      prolapse was found. Intraatrial septum aneurysms seem to have a higher frequency
      than that indicated by transthoracical echocardiography. The incidence observed
      by transesophageal echocardiography corresponds to the incidence of pathological
      findings.

PMID- 4049995
TI  - [Automatic contour detection in the 2-dimensional echocardiogram--studies in a
      general patient population].
AB  - In order to test the application of an endocardial contour finding algorithm in
      apical projections we examined 56 consecutive patients by 2-D echocardiography.
      According to the quality of the endocardial definition we graded the total
      patient population in 4 qualities, grade I being the best and grade IV being the
      worst echocardiographic image with multiple extracavitary and intracavitary
      artefacts. Following manual and automatic detection of LV endocardium in end
      systole and end-diastole by 2 observers we calculated LV areas (cm2), volumes
      (ml), ejection fraction (%) and regional wall motion (% radial shortening and %
      area shrinkage) and determined the reproducibility of the two different
      endocardial definitions. In all echocardiograms with good endocardial
      visualisation (grade I and II; n = 31, 55%), in 9 out of 15 patients with grade
      III and 4 out of 10 patients with grade IV echocardiograms we could successfully
      apply the contour finding algorithm. The comparison between automatically and
      manually detected contours showed good correlations with small standard errors;
      however the reproducibility of data expressed by the interobserver variability
      (V) calculated on the basis of automatically found contours was significantly
      better as compared to the manually derived contours. (V manual contour = 4.8-8.5
      versus automatic contours 0.63-0.68). The systolic volumes (manual versus auto)
      correlated with r = 0.93, SEE 8.3 ml; the end-diastolic volumes (manual versus
      auto) with r = 0.90, SEE 11.3 ml, the ejection fraction (manual versus auto) with
      r = 0.93, SEE 5.1%. The determination of regional LV wall motion demonstrated an
      agreement in 91% and a discrepancy in 9% of regions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4049996
TI  - [Significance of the stress test for the diagnosis of stenosis of the left main
      coronary artery. Distinctly different results in relation to the degree of
      stenosis].
AB  - Coronary anatomy and the results of treadmill exercise testing were compared in
      two partially overlapping groups of patients. In the first part of the study,
      treadmill tests of 29 patients with significant (greater than or equal to 50%)
      left main stenosis were compared to those of 40 patients each with proximal 1-, 2
      , and 3-vessel disease, respectively. Two distinct subgroups were identified
      among the patients with greater than or equal to 50% left main stenosis: Of those
      with greater than or equal to 70% left main stenosis all had a positive (ST
      decreases greater than or equal to 0.1 mV) stress test, 79% had a markedly
      positive (ST decreases greater than or equal to 0.2 mV) test and this group had
      the lowest exercise capacity. In patients with only moderate left main stenosis
      (50-70%) ST-segment depression was significantly less and occurred significantly
      later than in patients with severe left main stenosis and 3-vessel disease.
      Patients with 1-, and 2-vessel disease could be clearly separated from patients
      with either severe left main stenosis or 3-vessel disease, but not from those
      with only moderate left main stenosis. In the second part of the study the
      coronary anatomy of 62 patients with a markedly positive stress test was
      analysed. In these patients left main stenosis, 3-, 2-, and 1-vessel disease was
      observed in 10%, 50%, 23% and 16%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4049997
TI  - [Transvenous electric ablation of an accessory pathway in supraventricular re
      entry tachycardias refractory to therapy].
AB  - Transvenous catheter ablation of a concealed accessory pathway was attempted
      twice in an 18-year-old patient with dilatative cardiomyopathy and drug
      refractory supraventricular tachycardias. The postero-septal concealed pathway
      was successfully ablated by the catheter technique without interruption of the
      normal, anterograde AV-nodal conduction. Accessory pathway conduction did not
      recur during 4 months of follow-up.

PMID- 4049998
TI  - [Spontaneous echocontrast, recorded by transesophageal echocardiography in type
      III aortic dissection].
AB  - Spontaneous echo contrast has been described in cardiac chambers and large
      vessels during decreased blood flow. We report on a patient with type III aortic
      dissection and spontaneous echos in the false lumen of the thoracic aorta. Both
      aortic dissection and spontaneous echos were verified by transesophageal
      echocardiography but not by transthoracic.

PMID- 4049999
TI  - [Massive tumor embolism as the cause of acute cor pulmonale].
AB  - A massive tumor embolism was observed in a 35-year-old patient suffering from a
      tumor of the urinary bladder. Pulmonary embolism was suspected after
      echocardiographic demonstration of an acute cor pulmonale. Postmortem examination
      demonstrated multiple small tumor emboli within the small pulmonary arteries.

PMID- 4050000
TI  - [Ostium stenosis of both coronary arteries and latent hypothyroidism as sequelae
      of radiotherapy in Hodgkin disease].
AB  - Premature arteriosclerosis following irradiation is a known experimental and
      clinical phenomenon. Although the heart was once considered a relatively
      radioresistant organ, now all components, including the coronary arteries, are
      recognised as possible targets of radiation injury. We present a 40-year-old
      women who received extensive neck and thoracic radiation for treatment of
      Hodgkin's disease. Ten years later she developed severe coronary artery disease
      with ostium stenosis of the left and right coronary arteries, as well as
      subclinical hypothyroidism.

PMID- 4050001
TI  - [Initial report on the structure and efficiency of the heart catheterization
      laboratory in the Federal Republic of Germany. Inquiry of the Commission for
      Clinical Cardiology of the German Society of Cardiology for the years 1979-1981].

PMID- 4050002
TI  - [Apoplexy in the aged].

PMID- 4050003
TI  - [Pathology of stroke (= apoplexy)].
AB  - In this paper we give a summarizing review of the pathology of apoplexy. Apoplexy
      is the clinical term for sudden loss of consciousness, followed by paralysis
      resulting from a cerebral haemorrhage, occlusion of a cerebral artery,
      thrombosis, or embolism, with loss of cerebral function of the affected brain
      region. Apoplexy is a very important disease in gerontology and geriatric
      practice and clinics, since atherosclerosis with cerebral sclerosis,
      hypertension, and hypertensive angiopathy occur very frequently in the elderly.
      Besides these main causes of apoplexy aneurysm and other causes of apoplexy are
      also discussed (i.e. angiomas, primary and secondary "apoplectiform" brain
      tumors). In this paper only the most important morphological and clinical
      findings in apoplexy are discussed for general and clinical physicians, giving an
      introduction to the following contributions in this journal.

PMID- 4050004
TI  - [Pathogenesis and clinical aspects of stroke].
AB  - The pathogenesis of brain infarctions, intracerebral hematomas and subarachnoidal
      hemorrhages is described. It is believed that defects in microcirculation are
      important factors in the development of brain infarctions, whereas hypertension
      and microaneurysms or vascular malformations are sources of intracerebral
      hematomas and subarachnoidal hemorrhages. Detection and differential diagnosis
      are presented from clinical aspects. Possibilities and limits of laboratory
      methods, especially CCT, are emphasized.

PMID- 4050006
TI  - [Risk factors in stroke with special reference to aging].
AB  - Because of the deleterious consequences of strokes the detection and therapy of
      risk factors are particularly important. After a short description of the
      different subtypes of stroke and their age distribution the possible risk factors
      are discussed. The leading factor is arterial hypertension, followed by diabetes
      mellitus, but smoking, hyperlipemia and obesity are not held to be definite risk
      factors. In spite of the positive correlation between age and stroke incidence,
      aging is probably not a risk factor by itself, but it is accompanied by higher
      frequencies of other risk factors.

PMID- 4050005
TI  - [Energy metabolism in the brain].
AB  - In this review of brain energy metabolism, the utilization of glucose as the sole
      energy source in the normal brain is described and presented in a schematic form.
      Important reactions concerned with the synthesis and degradation of the energy
      carrier in the cell, ATP, are also noted. Changes in energy metabolism with acute
      oxygen deficiency are shown in the example of rat brain energy metabolism during
      30 seconds of nitrogen breathing (significant decrease of phosphocreatine, ATP,
      total adenine nucleotides and adenylate energy charge). Several important
      metabolic changes, particularly in ion and lipid metabolism during the decrease
      in the cerebral blood flow (ischemia), are described in some detail and presented
      in schematic form. A short description of the [14C]-2-deoxyglucose method
      developed by L. Sokoloff for the determination of local cerebral utilization of
      glucose is followed by a description of the application of this method in the
      study of aging in rats.

PMID- 4050007
TI  - [Lacunar cerebral infarcts].
AB  - Lacunes are small infarcts in the deep structures of the cerebral hemispheres and
      in the brain stem. They account for approximately 20 percent of all ischemic
      strokes, and usually occur in patients with chronic hypertension. The well
      defined vascular changes and clinical pictures are described, as well as the
      principles of diagnosis and therapeutical management.

PMID- 4050008
TI  - [Clinical rehabilitation of the stroke patient].
AB  - Stroke patients should be rehabilitated in a hospital, which is suitably equipped
      in terms of staff, rooms and technical appliances. The rehabilitation of the
      stroke-patient is a 24-hour programme, which requires that all members of staff
      work in accordance with the same principles. Teamwork, regular staff meetings and
      an adequate supply of technical aids are important characteristics of our
      approach, as well as preparations for discharging the patient and his aftercare.
      The Bobath Concept has proved to be a very good model for the rehabilitation of
      stroke patients. This will be discussed later in more detail.

PMID- 4050009
TI  - [Calcium parameters in recurrent nephrolithiasis].

PMID- 4050010
TI  - [Participation of the kidneys in cystic fibrosis of the pancreas
      (mucoviscidosis)? Urine electrolyte studies].

PMID- 4050011
TI  - [A light-transmitting photometer for ELISA in deep drawn blisters].

PMID- 4050012
TI  - Influence of anticoagulants on the radioenzymatic determination of
      catecholamines.

PMID- 4050013
TI  - [A standardizable procedure for the determination of apolipoprotein B with
      immunoturbidimetry].

PMID- 4050014
TI  - The intermediate cells of the rat pancreas in normal conditions and following
      portacaval shunt.

PMID- 4050015
TI  - Quantification of synaptic vesicles in nucleus gracilis of dog.

PMID- 4050016
TI  - Ultrastructure of mature thrombocytes in the peripheral blood of Salamandra
      salamandra (L.) (Amphibia, Urodela).

PMID- 4050017
TI  - Superior cervical ganglion and the carotid body in the prenatal development of
      the rat.

PMID- 4050018
TI  - [Ultrastructural findings in the smooth muscles of the iris of magpies (Pica
      pica)].

PMID- 4050019
TI  - The morphology of the medial hypothalamic region in the goose.

PMID- 4050020
TI  - Responsiveness of the adrenal cortex to testosterone propionate in relation to
      the sexual status of the male blossom-headed parakeet.

PMID- 4050021
TI  - Skin morphology in some amphibians with different ecological habits. A light and
      electron microscopic study.

PMID- 4050022
TI  - Structure and activity of the thyroid gland in intra- and extrauterine larvae of
      the ovoviviparous Salamandra salamandra (L.) (Amphibia, Urodela).

PMID- 4050023
TI  - The nuclear formation of the trapezoid body in the medulla oblongata of the one
      humped camel (Camelus dromedarius).

PMID- 4050024
TI  - The brain neurosecretory cells and retrocerebral complex of some Coccinellidae
      (Coleoptera).

PMID- 4050025
TI  - A morphometric comparative study of healthy and atretic human primordial and
      primary follicles.

PMID- 4050026
TI  - Biosynthesis of trichothecene mycotoxins in Fusarium culmorum cultures.
AB  - A high yielding production of the trichothecene mycotoxin 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol
      (3-AcDON) in cultures of Fusarium culmorum is described. By supplying
      [14C]acetate, 14C-labelled 3-AcDON suitable for further metabolic studies has
      been obtained. The pattern of labelling has been ascertained by using 13C
      labelled acetate precursors, and is in line with established biosynthetic data. A
      second trichothecene produced in significant amounts by F. culmorum has been
      identified as 3 alpha, 15-diacetoxy-7 alpha, 8 alpha-dihydroxy-12, 13
      epoxytrichothec-9-ene (7 alpha, 8 alpha-dihydroxycalonectrin).

PMID- 4050027
TI  - Isotopic effect on the kinetic of thermal denaturation of ceruloplasmin.
AB  - The kinetics of thermal denaturation of ceruloplasmin in water and in water with
      different percentage of D2O in the temperature range 25-85 degrees C, following
      the optical density change of the 610 nm charge transfer band of the protein has
      been investigated. A temperature Tt approximately equal to 65 degrees C above
      which an irreversible denaturation process of the protein active site takes place
      has been found. The kinetics of the denaturation process of the protein are
      fitted by two first order reactions, which have been assigned to a different
      thermal denaturation behaviour of the two Cu2+ type I sites existing in the
      protein. Addition of D2O to the protein solution affects the two kinetics in a
      different way, i.e. the rate of one of them is increased whilst that of the other
      is decreased. The different effect of D2O on the kinetics of disruption of the
      two copper sites is discussed in terms of different location and degree of
      hydrophobicity of the two Cu2+ type I sites.

PMID- 4050028
TI  - Composition and distribution of lipids in tissues of bogue (Boops boops).
AB  - Total lipids from liver, head, skin and muscle of Bogue were separately isolated
      and their composition was investigated by a combination of analytical
      determinations, and column and thin layer chromatography. The major components of
      the neutral lipid fractions from all tissues studied were triglycerides, followed
      by cholesterol. The triglyceride fraction of skin and head contains significant
      amounts of glyceryl ether analogs. Low contents of free fatty alcohols were also
      identified, decreasing in the order: head, muscle, skin and liver. The major
      components of all phospholipid fractions was phosphatidylcholine (viz. 36-59% of
      total phospholipids) followed by phosphatidylethanolamine (viz. 23-34% of total
      phospholipids). Low amounts of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylserine were also
      identified in all cases. All the tissues studied were found to contain
      plasmalogens, as well as glyceryl ether analogs in both, the depot fats and the
      phospholipid fractions.

PMID- 4050029
TI  - X-ray studies on phospholipid bilayers. V. Interactions with DDT.
AB  - The possible interaction of DDT with the lipids dimyristoyl lecithin (DML),
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) and tripalmitin (TP) was studied. The
      work was carried out on oriented films and crystalline powders of DDT-lipid
      mixtures at different molar ratios by X-ray diffraction techniques. The diagrams
      showed only the patterns of pure DDT and that of the corresponding lipid. It is
      concluded that new phases were not formed and, therefore, no interactions
      occurred.

PMID- 4050030
TI  - Immunity to Litomosoides carinii in Mastomys natalensis. I. Effect of
      immunization with microfilariae and existing primary infections on the
      parasitaemia after microfilariae injection and challenge infection.
AB  - Subcutaneous injections of intrauterine stages of Litomosoides carinii into
      Mastomys natalensis induced strong immunity to i.v. injected blood microfilariae.
      Immunity, developed after boostering with an i.p. and an i.v. injection of
      microfilariae, did not totally suppress the parasitaemia of a challenge infection
      but reduced significantly the microfilaraemia level. No effect was found on
      number and size of the worms of the challenge infection, the number of
      microfilariae or the number of leucocytes in the pleural cavity. Delayed type
      hypersensitivity reactions in challenged animals were similar to those in non
      immunized, infected controls. Sera of immunized animals agglutinated
      microfilariae and mediated cell attachment to microfilariae. Challenge infections
      did not change this until the end of the fourth week post infection but sera
      taken 32 days after challenge and later failed to induce such reactions.
      Challenge infections performed 120 or 240 days after a primary infection did not
      increase the parasitaemia of recipients. Dissections carried out 130 days after
      the challenge showed that (a) the developmental rate of the challenge infection
      was reduced by about 50%; (b) the size of the challenge parasites was reduced;
      and (c) that these worms produced significantly less embryonic stages in
      comparison to worms of primary infections, of which about 90% were abnormal.

PMID- 4050031
TI  - The effect of praziquantel on the pseudophyllidean cestode Bothriocephalus
      acheilognathi in vitro.
AB  - Adult Bothriocephalus acheilognathi were incubated in solutions containing 0
      (control), 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100 micrograms praziquantel per ml (0, 10(2),
      10(3), 10(4) and 10(5) micrograms l-1) of 0.9% saline for 5, 15 and 60 min at a
      temperature of 18 degrees C. The worms contracted immediately upon being placed
      in the drug. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed considerable
      tegumental damage particularly in the neck region. Vacuolization and 'bubbling'
      of the tegument occurred in all of the drug solutions tested. Exposure to drug
      concentrations of more than 1.0 micrograms ml-1 (10(3) micrograms l-1)
      praziquantel for 15 min or greater resulted in many of the 'bubbles' bursting and
      releasing their contents to the exterior. Mature proglottides were distorted and
      had occasional large swellings resulting in the mass expulsion of eggs.
      Praziquantel had no ovicidal activity. Exposure to drug concentrations of 100
      micrograms (10(5) micrograms l-1) praziquantel per ml saline for 24 h was not
      lethal to the worms.

PMID- 4050032
TI  - C-banding analysis of six species of lung flukes, Paragonimus spp. (Trematoda:
      Platyhelminthes), from Japan and Korea.
AB  - We examined C-banded karyotypes of six species of lung flukes from Japan and
      Korea; diploid and triploid Paragonimus westermani, P. miyazakii, P. ohirai, P.
      iloktsuenensis and P. sadoensis, with special reference to their karyotypic
      diversification. C-band analysis between the diploid and the triploid westermani
      revealed that two of three homologues of the triploid resembled those of the
      diploid in C-band pattern, while the remaining chromosome showed a different
      pattern from any species examined here. This karyological evidence indicates that
      the triploid is allotriploid probably induced by interspecific hybridization
      between the diploid westermani and an unknown species; we, therefore, suggest
      that the triploid westermani is an independent species and synonymous with P.
      pulmonalis (Miyazaki 1978). As the morphologically similar three species, ohirai,
      iloktsuenensis and sadoensis, had the same C-band polymorphism in chromosome No.
      4, these species are classified as the local races of P. ohirai. Paragonimus
      miyazakii has one common C-band (5q) with the diploid westermani, but other bands
      (1q, 4q, 6q, 7p and 7q) are different. From these observations, the six species
      examined are phylogenetically divided into three groups: (1) westermani group
      containing diploid and triploid (= pulmonalis) species, (2) miyazakii and (3)
      ohirai including two geographic races, iloktsuenensis and sadoensis.

PMID- 4050033
TI  - Association between intracellular rickettsial-like infections of midgut cells and
      susceptibility to trypanosome infection in Glossina spp.

PMID- 4050034
TI  - [Mechanics as a basic physical discipline in orthopedics and traumatology].
AB  - Among the various relationships between fields of the clinical medicine and
      fields of physics, the relationship between orthopaedics and traumatology and
      mechanics is of a particularly close and manifold nature. We try to present in
      this contribution a description of the physical principles of mechanics and to
      give a survey of its various fields of application in orthopaedic and
      traumatologic basic research.

PMID- 4050035
TI  - [Partial replacement of the pelvis with the hip joint and proximal femur. A
      possibility in tumor treatment].
AB  - In cases of extensive destructive osteolytic processes in the pelvis and hip
      region, alloplastic replacement of a part of the pelvis with a total hip
      replacement and, if necessary, partial replacement of the femur, can represent a
      therapeutic alternative to hemipelvectomy for preserving the limb in the presence
      of malignancies; it offers the same degree of radicality in removing the affected
      bone and soft tissue while preserving the bone. This applies with regard both to
      primary malignant growths as well as extensive isolated metastases and aseptic
      osteolysis following multiple total replacement procedures. The partial pelvic
      prostheses, produced individually on the basis of roentgenograms, are adapted to
      a great degree intraoperatively and fixed with screws, locknuts, and Palacos, and
      if possible lined with autogenous bone. Where the defects are extensive the pubic
      bone of the unaffected side is incorporated in the stabilization. Experience
      gathered so far and follow-up examinations show that all patients regain full
      mobility and weight-bearing ability, with almost complete lack of complaints and
      adequate to good motility. This is demonstrated by examples.

PMID- 4050036
TI  - [Results of the treatment of congenital hip dislocation using Salter's open
      repositioning and pelvic osteotomy].
AB  - In this paper the results of Salter's innominate osteotomy combined with an open
      reduction are shown on the basis of radiographic and clinical investigations.
      From 1969-1976 43 hips up to the age of 3.11 years had been treated after
      Salter's method. At the follow-up 65.6% of the hips were found to have normal or
      slightly pathological AC angles. 63.4% of the hips show good and fair results
      concerning the ACM angle. The results of the CE angle and the 'hip value' are
      disappointing: only just 34.1% of the hips can be considered good or fair. This
      is a consequence of the high rate of preoperative avascular necrosis on the one
      hand, on the other hand it is based on the fact that most of the cases had had a
      previous non-operative or operative treatment.

PMID- 4050037
TI  - [Simple alloplastic treatment of severe hip dysplasias and replacement operations
      in extreme loosening].
AB  - In extremely dysplastic hips the implantation of Judet's prothesis is rather
      simple, following the described technique. For exchange operations the author
      will not miss Judet's acetabular cup with screwbrim. Possible combination with
      the femoral part of Lord's type seems of essential advantage.

PMID- 4050038
TI  - [Surface analysis and metallographic studies of Judet's prosthesis].
AB  - Surveying a quantity of 25 prostheses type Judet by stereoscopy and scanning
      electron microscopy in all specimen contaminations of the surface were found. By
      X-ray microanalysis these contaminations were ascertained to be mainly residues
      of the casting mould. Furthermore, tooling residues from the sandblast (e.g.
      grains of corundum or glass) were found. A metallographic investigation, which
      was performed thereupon on two randomly selected specimen, shows clusters of
      microporosities in the cross sections and carbides in the grain boundaries.

PMID- 4050039
TI  - [Experiences with the Judet type cement-free hip joint endoprosthesis].
AB  - This is a report about the experiences made on 93 patients with the Judet hip
      prosthesis for cementless fixation. Considering the results of 103 implanted hip
      prostheses, this system can be recommended for both primary and exchange
      operations.

PMID- 4050040
TI  - [The Interplanta system model knee joint prosthesis. Preliminary results].
AB  - The SKI-knee joint is used since three years. Our experiences comprise 220 cases
      up to now. The follow-up time is still short, but the implant, which is partially
      designed very close to normal anatomy and on the other hand regards fundamental
      biomechanical aspects is showing a comparably low incidence of complications. The
      complications specifically due to the endoprosthetic system sums up to 10%. It is
      obvious that patellar complications are leading. This fact should be seen in
      close connexion to the anatomical design of the femoral component. With
      increasing experience these problems are diminished. Causes and potential
      elimination of patellar complications are discussed. Surgical procedure,
      especially advantages in comparison with other knee joints are described. The SKI
      System in combination with its aligning instruments allow the surgeon anatomical
      reconstruction, very exact alignment of the implant and precise correction of
      preexisting deformities. In general the results are encouraging in comparison
      with formerly used knee joints after the same follow-up period.

PMID- 4050041
TI  - [The medial longitudinal arch of the foot in young children].
AB  - When standing on both feet the mean height of the arch at the tangent to the
      medial plantar imprint is 5 mm at the age of 4 years. The "critical limit" is
      approx. 2 mm. The height of the medial longitudinal arch increases each year. The
      increase is greater at the age of three than at six years, and should be at least
      1 mm between the third and fourth years of life. Girls have higher arches than
      boys of the same age. The medial longitudinal arch is lower in children with
      superextensible knee joints and hypermobile ankle joints. The
      talocalcaneonavicular joint becomes more mobile as the height of the medial
      longitudinal arch increases.

PMID- 4050042
TI  - [Accompanying symptoms in infantile spastic hemiplegia].
AB  - Various concomitant disorders in 535 children with infantile hemiplegia were
      evaluated; 159 of the cases were particularly well documented. The right/left
      distribution of the hemiplegia was 56 to 44, the ratio of boys to girls 59 to 41.
      Severe impairments of hand function (lack of function, first grip) were found
      more frequently in right hemiplegics than left; the ratio of severe to slight
      disorders was approx. 3 to 1 in right hemiplegics and 3 to 2 in left hemiplegics.
      Impairment of hand function was closely related to the quality of sensitivity,
      the tests of this being based on two-point discrimination and stereognosis. Sixty
      two percent of the children were of normal intelligence; of the remainder,
      approximately equal-sized groups suffered from impairment of the learning faculty
      or were mentally retarded. There was a positive correlation between reduced
      intelligence and the severity of impairment of hand function. Impaired speech
      development was found in 7 percent of the children, right and left hemiplegics
      being equally affected. Thus, there was no evidence that the brain lesion had any
      special influence on development of speech. Observations of growth in the legs
      revealed average differences of length of 2 mm and up to 3.5 cm in isolated
      cases. After eight year of life there was practically no further increase in the
      differences in length.

PMID- 4050043
TI  - [Gait analysis in cerebral palsy patients--correlations between disorders of
      muscle coordination and gait abnormalities].
AB  - Electromyographic and gait investigations of 35 patients and 32 healthy persons
      were evaluated in order to get hints upon the origin of anomalous movements of
      the pelvis and the spine with following results: a. The amount of the spine
      motions of CP-patients is significantly greater than that of health persons. The
      motions of the pelvis of the patients also seems to be greater, but there is no
      significance. b. The average electromyographical activity of the hip abductors of
      CP-patients is not remarkably diminished, that of the hip adductors is not
      increased. We also found no signs of an atrophy of the hip adductors or a
      hypertrophy of the hip adductors. c. There is no correlation between the
      disturbances of coordination of the entire lower leg measured by electromyography
      and the amount of the pathologic motions. d. We found a distinct correlation
      between the disturbances especially of the hip ab- and adductors and the amount
      of the pathologic motions. This amount is the smaller, the worse is the
      coordination of these two groups of muscles. The topics a-c do not allow to find
      the origin of the Duchenne- and Trendelenburg limpings of CP-patients, topic d
      also gives explanation of this fact. In opposition we may suppose here that the
      bad timing of the coordination resp. the corresponding permanent electrical
      activity of the hip ab- and adductors has a stabilizing influence upon the pelvis
      and the spine. As the most probable origin of the increased Duchenne limping we
      not suppose the increased motions of the stance phase. Our following
      investigations will deal with this hypothesis.

PMID- 4050044
TI  - [Long-term results of the conservative treatment of scoliosis using the Cheneau
      brace].
AB  - At present, we survey 52 patients who had been fitted with Cheneau braces in the
      years 1978 to 1980. The average primary correction of the single curved thoracic,
      single curved lumbar, and double curved scolioses amounted to 41%. The best late
      results are to be expected in the single curved thoracic and single curved lumbar
      scolioses that presented corrections of 14.2% and 9.2%. In the double curved
      scoliosis we found a correction of 5.5% of the thoracic and 5.6% of the lumbar
      curves. The Cheneau orthosis was well accepted by the patients. A final
      valuation, however, will not be possible till some years have passed.

PMID- 4050045
TI  - [Final results of the conservative treatment of scoliosis using the Milwaukee
      brace].
AB  - At present, we survey the final results of 62 patients having been treated by a
      Milwaukee brace. The average curve amounted initially to 35 degrees. There
      succeeded a primary correction to 32 degrees. At start of weaning the initial
      angle of 35 degrees was reached again. During the weaning period an evident
      deterioration of 39 degrees occurred, and at the follow-up control 6 years after
      the end of weaning the curve was 42 degrees on the average. Thus, our own results
      are somewhat more unfavourable than those of Mellenkamp et al. In 1977, they
      reported the results of 47 patients who could be submitted to a follow-up
      control. The mean scoliotic curve of these 47 patients amounted to 44 degrees at
      start of treatment, at the last control, on the average 5 years after weaning
      from the Milwaukee brace, the mean angle was about 40 degrees. Essentially, we
      could prevent the progression of the curvature, too. If there occurred
      deteriorations in comparison with the initial angle, they were usually caused by
      a few patients who developed a drastic deterioration of their scoliosis.

PMID- 4050046
TI  - [Halo instrumentation for the correction and immobilization of the cervical
      spine].
AB  - An instrument set for application in patients requiring a correction treatment
      and/or a temporary fixation of the cervical spine is described. The halo is
      combined with a cast or a brace employing the 8 mm Hoffmann External Fixator
      system supplemented by three additional, newly designed parts. Applications of
      the instrument set in the treatment of traumatic fracture, fibrous dysplasia and
      ankylosing spondylitis are described.

PMID- 4050047
TI  - [Long-term results and complications of halo fixation and extension].
AB  - Halo fixation has proved eminently suitable for introducing corrective forces
      into various regions of the vertebral column. The local complications
      necessitating changes of screws are directly related to the tightness of the
      screws. By carefully checking the tightness of the screws with a torque
      screwdriver complications due to the screws can largely be avoided. The magnitude
      of the force introduced and the duration of halo fixation are of secondary
      importance under these conditions. No penetrations of the screws or persistent
      infections were found; thanks to the spacers, severe injuries due to the halo
      tearing out as a result of a fall can be avoided. The considerably higher rate of
      complications and the severe complications with the halo cast fixation are caused
      by the rigid connection between the halo and thoracic plaster or respectively the
      plastic jacket, and the specific features of observation of the course in
      particular conditions e.g., Bechterew's disease.

PMID- 4050048
TI  - [Objective determination of the shape of the anterior chest wall using moire
      topography. Method and development of dimension-free indices for the evaluation
      of funnel chest].
AB  - Stereophotogrammetric measurement of body surface results in data, which are
      dependent on shape, posture and positioning of the patient. In order to establish
      a valid description and characterization of funnel chest measured by
      stereophotogrammetric methods, index numbers must be defined, which are
      independent of posture und positioning of the patient. This procedure is
      exemplified in the analysis of moire topograms from 29 patients with funnel chest
      and 21 normal persons. The sagittal cross section is characterized by the index
      TI I, which in essential is the sum of absolute values of angles in a polygon
      along the section (cf. fig. 7). The funnel in the coronal cross section is
      characterized by the index TI II, which gives the quotient (in %) of the mean
      funnel width and funnel depth (cf. fig. 8). Application of the index numbers
      shows a good differentiation of TI I, independent of sex, whereas TI II might be
      most useful in follow up measurements.

PMID- 4050049
TI  - [Late results of the surgical correction of funnel chest. Evaluation with
      subjective and objective criteria including moire topography].
AB  - The long term results of 32 patients with funnel chest deformity that were
      operatively treated by means of Rehbein's metal implants have been reviewed. The
      investigated criteria were electrocardiography, pulmonary function,
      radiographical measurements, and photogrammetry of the frontal thoracic plane
      (Moire-Topography). There was no significant change of the electrocardiography
      and pulmonary function due to the operative treatment. Roentgenometric and
      surface measurement data showed in 40% of the cases investigated minor up to
      complete relapses. According to the results the indications for operative
      treatment and the importance of the patient's age at this time are discussed.

PMID- 4050050
TI  - [Study of dorsal erection osteotomy in kyphosis].
AB  - Presented is a procedure for the correction of the juvenile kyphosis and the
      kyphotic false posture upon spondylitis ankylopoietica. Upon spine dissects the
      extraction and outbreak force of screws and screw pairs dorsally brought into the
      vertebral body were measured. It has been showed that the pedicle screws tolerate
      very high extraction forces upon sagittal and right-angle stress as well. The
      correction of the juvenile kyphosis upon rigid kyphosis and the correction by
      lordosing the thoraco-lumbar transition upon patients with a spondylitis
      ankylopoietica is clinically possible with good results.

PMID- 4050051
TI  - [Congenital upward displacement of the shoulder blade].
AB  - Congenital upward displacement of the scapula is typified by changes in the
      shape, position, and attitude of the scapula; in a high percentage of cases it is
      associated with other malformations of the axial skeleton and the internal
      organs. As a result of the malposition of the scapula and its insufficient
      mobility in the scapulocostal joint the ability to raise the upper arm is
      limited. The need for treatment of this condition derives on the one hand from
      cosmetic considerations and on the other from the limitation of the mobility of
      the upper arm. However, in addition to this, the diagnosis of Sprengel's
      deformity must also lead one to look for accompanying malformations which may
      have much more serious consequences than the simple upward displacement of the
      scapula. Surgery represents the only effective form of treatment for Sprengel's
      deformity. The indication for surgery is based on a classification by degrees,
      taking both the functional loss as well as the conspicuousness into
      consideration. The choice of surgical procedure will depend on the severity of
      the malformation and the age of the patient.

PMID- 4050052
TI  - [Optically controlled bone marrow removal in osteomyelitis treatment].
AB  - The present paper reports on the various methods of treating osteomyelitis and
      the development of an aid to visual monitoring of surgical findings in long
      bones. With this instrument a true-color assessment of bone cavities is possible
      without major cortical fenestrations causing impairment of biomechanics. On the
      basis of examples of treatment of various cases of hematogenous and chronic
      osteomyelitis, as well as infected total replacements, the potential of this
      instrument and the necessity of painstaking and visually monitored removal of
      marrow from the cavities is demonstrated. Results so far, after 6 years of use,
      admit the conclusion that the chances of success in the treatment of
      osteomyelitis are increased with this instrument.

PMID- 4050053
TI  - [Construction characteristics of a multi-component force platform for orthopedic
      problems].
AB  - For many orthopedic problems it is very important to know the forces and moments
      under the feet during walking. In many hospitals commercial force plates
      measuring several components of force and moments by piezo--force transducers are
      installed. These equipments have wide ranges and high resonant frequencies
      allowing to record high forces with high slew rates as e.g. in sports. Such wide
      ranges and high resonant frequencies are not necessary during the investigation
      of handicapped patients in orthopedics. However when measuring the small vertical
      forces e.g. at the end of the stance phase during walking, the resolution of the
      commercial equipment is insufficient. So it is not possible to determine the
      exact position of the force vector or the moments. Therefore we developed a low
      cost force plate according to the wants of orthopedic investigations. It has a
      high resolution even when measuring small loads, a range up to 2.5 kN in vertical
      direction and a resonant frequency greater than 140 cycles/s.

PMID- 4050054
TI  - [The effect of hot air sterilization on the sharpness of bone knives].
AB  - The cutting edge of a bone-knife was examined with a Raster Electron Microscope
      before, after one and after six cycles of hot-air-sterilisation. No changes could
      be observed and no loss of sharpness was evident. Thus, sterilisation of
      unsterile but unused bone-knives is possible without impairment of sharpness.

PMID- 4050055
TI  - [A new positioning board in the preparation for surgery].
AB  - The present paper describes a new aid for positioning the patient on the
      operating table. This aid is a hinged, radioparent board which is laid under the
      leg, buttocks, shoulder, or arm--folded flat--when positioning the patient. If
      necessary, the position of the extremities can be altered before or during the
      operation by varying the degree to which the flap is raised. The device is
      particularly suitable for surgery on the lower limbs, and has proved extremely
      useful in practice.

PMID- 4050056
TI  - Management of theophylline toxicity.

PMID- 4050057
TI  - Cancer trends: To treat or not to treat ?

PMID- 4050059
TI  - Plants as poisons.

PMID- 4050058
TI  - The injured runner.

PMID- 4050060
TI  - Viscoelastic properties of blood and plasma in diabetes.

PMID- 4050061
TI  - [Effects of prostaglandin El on hemodynamics and metabolism of the extremities in
      healthy humans and patients with stage III and IV arterial occlusive disease].

PMID- 4050062
TI  - [Diagnosis of platelet function with polymerized insoluble collagen].

PMID- 4050063
TI  - [A method for artefact control in measuring peripheral venous pressure in
      muscular work].

PMID- 4050064
TI  - [Is costly rehabilitation of geriatric leg amputees worthwhile?].

PMID- 4050065
TI  - [High aortic occlusion].

PMID- 4050066
TI  - [Reconstructive venous surgery. 10 representative personal cases involving the
      leg area from the pioneer period (1965-1980)].

PMID- 4050067
TI  - Late results in deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity.

PMID- 4050068
TI  - Antiplatelet drugs improve the patency rates after femoro-popliteal
      endarterectomy.

PMID- 4050069
TI  - Peroral magnesium hydroxide therapy and intermittent claudication--a preliminary
      report.

PMID- 4050070
TI  - [Tent-shaped dilatation of the origin of the left subclavian artery].

PMID- 4050071
TI  - [A very rare cause of peripheral arterial embolism].

PMID- 4050072
TI  - [A case of multiple aneurysms in unusual locations. Clinical aspects,
      pathomorphology, therapy].

PMID- 4050073
TI  - [Lymphadenectomy in the surgical treatment of malignant gynecological and breast
      tumors].

PMID- 4050074
TI  - [Trypanosoma brucei gambiense: a light and electron microscopy study of brain
      lesions in chronically infected rats].

PMID- 4050075
TI  - [Life expectancy and senescence].

PMID- 4050076
TI  - Regional trends in nutrition and mortality in Belgium.

PMID- 4050077
TI  - Differences in serum lipid distribution within and between populations.

PMID- 4050078
TI  - [Expression of structural proteins of Retroviruses type C on the membrane of
      normal and leukemic cells in mice].

PMID- 4050079
TI  - [Fibrinolysis and thrombolysis after administration of tissue plasminogen
      activator in dogs].

PMID- 4050080
TI  - [Mini-doses of heparin in the prevention of microcirculatory disorders in
      patients operated on for uterine and ovarian cancer].

PMID- 4050081
TI  - [An improved experimental model for studying post-vagotomy complications in
      patients with duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 4050082
TI  - [Changes in ultrastructure, function and free fatty acid level in mitochondrial
      fractions of human liver in anoxia (survival in situ)].

PMID- 4050083
TI  - [Characteristics of reparative processes in the gastrointestinal tract after
      continuous laser irradiation].

PMID- 4050084
TI  - [Experimental study of the mechanism of the therapeutic action of natural brine
      and therapeutic mud].

PMID- 4050086
TI  - [Study of the virulence and immunogenicity of vaccinal strains of Leishmania
      major, preserved by freezing in liquid nitrogen].

PMID- 4050085
TI  - [Deliberate change of the rate of biotransformation of drugs].

PMID- 4050087
TI  - [Clinico-immunologic characteristics of syphilis patients].

PMID- 4050088
TI  - [Various socio-epidemiologic aspects of scabies].

PMID- 4050090
TI  - [Reference values in clinico-laboratory research].

PMID- 4050089
TI  - [Teaching the fundamentals of deontology in dermatovenereology to students and
      physicians].

PMID- 4050091
TI  - [Tigason in the treatment of psoriasis and various dermatoses].

PMID- 4050092
TI  - [Kinetics in dermatology. Element in the clinical training of the beginning
      dermatologist].

PMID- 4050093
TI  - [Preliminary results of the treatment of focal scleroderma with a new Soviet
      preparation carnitine chloride].

PMID- 4050094
TI  - [Total immunoglobulin E in atopic dermatitis].

PMID- 4050095
TI  - [Hemostatic indices of vitiligo patients].

PMID- 4050096
TI  - [Hemodes in the treatment of psoriasis patients and its effect on the
      electrocoagulographic indices of hemostasis].

PMID- 4050097
TI  - [Detection of fungi of the genus Candida in children with diffuse
      neurodermatitis].

PMID- 4050098
TI  - [Role of inflammation in the development of urethral strictures in men].

PMID- 4050099
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of the precipitation reactions of Kahn and Sachs-Witebsky].

PMID- 4050100
TI  - [Stages in the specialization of a dominant and purposeful behavior].

PMID- 4050101
TI  - [Interrelation of certain parameters of the human EEG].
AB  - The paper describes the results of factor analysis of interconnections between 20
      EEG parameters in each of 4 leads from the central and parietal areas of both
      hemispheres at inter-individual variation of parameter values in 54 healthy
      subjects. Three of the chosen factors reveal a stable structure in all leads, and
      also significant differences in factor values between various areas. Marked
      fluctuations of factor values are found in some subjects in different moments,
      which presumably reflect spontaneous fluctuations of the brain functional state
      and open a perspective for evaluation of these states by means of factor values.
      An attempt has been made to interpret the physiological meaning of some factors.
      Factor I is presumably connected with activity of non-specific activating systems
      controlling the level of wakefulness and stipulating the processes of
      synchronization of the bioelectrical activity. Factor II is interpreted as a
      reflection of the processes of cortical excitation, factor III--as a reflection
      of active selective inhibitory processes in the cerebral cortex.

PMID- 4050102
TI  - [Effect of the duration of a reproducible interval on reaction time in man].
AB  - The dependence of reaction time (RT) of reproduction of presented standard
      intervals on their duration (100-5000 ms) was studied on 30 subjects. The
      intervals were limited by two electrocutaneous stimuli or two clicks and were
      presented both at random and at a gradual increase or decrease, with a step of
      100 ms. They were reproduced by pressing a button. The RTs duration depended on
      the presented interval within the range from 100 to 2000 ms. Such scatter of the
      upper limit is due to differences in the methods of presentation of the material
      and to individual features of the subjects. A presence of two mechanisms of time
      intervals reproduction is suggested for such experimental conditions: the image
      of the standard interval might be created either after its presentation or in the
      process of its presentation. Correspondingly, the RT dependence on the interval
      duration is manifest in the first case and is absent in the second.

PMID- 4050103
TI  - [Somatosensory evoked potentials and their interhemispheric asymmetry during
      different stages of nocturnal sleep in healthy subjects and epilepsy].
AB  - Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were studied in the state of wakefulness
      and in different phases of night sleep in healthy people and in epileptics. In
      the slow sleep the latencies of SEP components became longer, beginning from the
      P44. In the rapid sleep, increase of asymmetry of early components and sharp
      decrease of the amplitude of late SEP components take place. In epileptics these
      changes are more prominent. The obtained data show that functional states in the
      cycle sleep-wakefulness are characterized by different excitability, different
      characters of information processing and interhemispheric relations.

PMID- 4050104
TI  - [Electroencephalographic correlates of individual features of the mental
      efficiency of adolescents].
AB  - Evident correlations of spatial-temporal organization of the electrical brain
      activity with individual features of the mental working capacity were revealed in
      juveniles by the methods of analysis of spectra power density and of coherence
      function of rhythmic EEG components. EEG in juveniles with a low working mental
      capacity is characterized by hypersynchroneity, monofrequency, low reactivity of
      alpha-rhythm and high level of generalized spatial synchronization. Juveniles
      with high level of mental working capacity are characterized by regional
      specificity of the main EEG rhythm, the presence of the local dynamic foci of
      interconnected activity. It is suggested that the correlation of mechanisms of
      controlled local and non-specific generalized cortical activity is one of the
      main factors, determining the individual specificity of mental ability.

PMID- 4050105
TI  - [Dynamics of the spectral composition of the hippocampal theta-rhythm in the dog
      during switching-over of heterogeneous instrumental reflexes].
AB  - In two dogs with electrodes chronically implanted in the hippocampus, hippocampal
      electrical activity and the heart rate were recorded in the process of
      elaboration of a conditioned switch-over of operant alimentary and defensive
      responses. Averaged computerized spectral characteristics of hippocampal theta
      rhythm were essentially different between the alimentary and defensive situations
      in intersignal period as well as during the action of triggering conditioned
      stimulus. Individual differences in the dominant frequency of bioelectrical
      activity were observed. The animal with a higher theta-rhythm frequency
      elaborated conditioned switch-over of heterogeneous operant responses sooner and
      more successfully.

PMID- 4050106
TI  - [Changes in excitability in the motor cortex of the dog during switching-over
      conditioned escape and avoidance reflexes].
AB  - Excitability of the motor cortex (projection of the foreleg), judged by the
      threshold of flexion reaction to its stimulation during elaboration of
      conditioned transswitching (CT), was studied in dogs. CT was elaborated for
      instrumental reflexes of escape (1-st CT variant) and avoidance (2-nd CT
      variant). In the 1-st variant the dog escaped from the hydrochloric acid
      solution, if during its administration it produced an active flexion of the
      foreleg in situation A and an active extension of the same leg in situation B,
      with a permanent action of a switch (a fan). In the 2-nd CT variant, the dog
      avoided the acid, if in situation A, in response to a tone of 250 Hz, it actively
      lifted its foreleg, and if in situation B, it actively resisted a passive lift in
      response to the same stimulus. In escape CT as well as in avoidance CT, there was
      a statistically significant difference between the thresholds of flexion
      reaction. The threshold was lower in situation of instrumental flexion reflex
      formation in comparison to the situation of extension reflex formation.

PMID- 4050107
TI  - [Reactivity of neurons of the orbito-frontal cortex of the cat during exposure to
      the scent or sight of food].
AB  - Reactivity of neurones in orbitofrontal cortex of the cat to the action of light
      or sound was studied in consecutive stages of alimentary behaviour conditioned by
      the smell and then the sight of food. Changes were found of the character of
      neuronal reactions to the light and sound stimuli at the change of smell to the
      sight of food. A conclusion is drown, that polysensory properties of the neurones
      of the orbitofrontal cortex provide integral organization of brain sensory
      function at separate stages of alimentary behaviour.

PMID- 4050108
TI  - [Interhemispheric transmission of visual information: behavioral and
      electrophysiologic aspects].
AB  - Efficiency of callosal and extracallosal channels of interhemispheric transfer of
      visual information was studied by behavioural and electrophysiological methods on
      cats with sections of classical and commissural pathways of the visual system.
      The results showed a high ability of the operated animals to form conditioned
      defensive reflex to visual stimuli. The primary complexes of evoked potentials to
      light flashes in the projection cortex of both hemispheres were also preserved.
      The data show the significant role of the callosal and extracallosal pathways of
      the transmission of visual information across the midline.

PMID- 4050109
TI  - [Avoidance reaction and defensive reflex in the rabbit based on hypothalamic
      stimulation inducing strokes of the paws].
AB  - In experiments on rabbits electrical stimulation of the medial hypothalamic area
      elicited a biphasic reaction: running during the current action and species
      specific reaction of kicking the floor with the hind limbs in poststimulous
      period. Conditioning with acoustic stimulus led in the half of rabbits to
      elaboration of a habit of jumping on a safe platform in experimental model of
      active avoidance and to a weak conditioned reaction of kicking without running in
      the model of classical defensive reflex. The number of conditioned limb kicks was
      7-10 times less than that of analogous responses to the reinforcing stimulus.
      With the increase of the number of combinations, the conditioned habit of kicking
      became deteriorated: the response became weaker and its latency more prolonged.
      The results of experiments are discussed in the light of Anokhin's theory of
      functional system of goal-directed behavioural act.

PMID- 4050111
TI  - [Relation between the learning of young rainbow trout in a shuttle-box and
      survival in the presence of an unfamiliar predator].
AB  - The analysis of the curves of acquisition of a conditioned reflex (CR) in a
      shuttle box allowed to reveal three stages of this process and establish in two
      year rainbow trouts the presence of four types of individuals differing in the
      dynamics of processes of the CR formation. A direct positive connection is
      established between the speed of learning in a shuttle box and surviving of young
      fish in the presence of artificial predator.

PMID- 4050110
TI  - [Effect of a derivative of GABA, phenibut, on behavior and the activity of visual
      cortex neurons of the rabbit during elaboration of a defensive reflex and
      internal inhibition].
AB  - In experiments on alert non-immobilized rabbits the effect of subcutaneous
      administration of the GABA-derivate--phenibut on behaviour, slow potentials and
      impulse activity of neurones of the visual cortex was studied during elaboration
      of a defensive reflex to light flashes and of conditioned inhibition. During the
      action of phenibut late negative-positive components of the evoked potentials to
      flashes, corresponding inhibitory pauses and postinhibitory activation gradually
      increased; then stable predominance of slow high-amplitude potential oscillations
      and corresponding neuronal group bursts appeared, separated by inhibitory pauses
      and in intersignal periods. Reinforcing stimulus, as before phenibut
      administration, lowered the amplitudes of slow potential oscillations and
      weakened inhibitory pauses in neuronal impulse activity. Dynamics of movements in
      response to the stimuli was of a phasic character. 3 hours after phenibut
      administration the discrimination of reinforced and inhibitory light flashes has
      distinctly improved. The obtained results confirm the initial concept of the
      significant role of the GABA-ergic inhibitory system in the process of
      elaboration of internal inhibition.

PMID- 4050112
TI  - [Effect of serotonin and acetylcholine on the electrical activity of isolated
      cortex in the rabbit].
AB  - Neuronal isolation of the rabbit's cerebral hemisphere shifts the EEG spectrum in
      direction of slower processes. Application of acetylcholine on the cortex elicits
      EEG activation and appearance of the theta-rhythm. Initially serotonin
      application is accompanied by the appearance of the theta-rhythm periods; in the
      process of subsequent administration of the drug these periods are gradually
      substituted by slow delta-waves. Combined application of serotonin and
      acetylcholine on isolated cortex elicits bursts of high-amplitude activity,
      abruptly substituted by "silence" phases. In contrast to the intact cortex where
      serotonin elicited prolonged and rhythmic alternation on EEG of phases of high
      amplitude activity and of "silence" periods, in the isolated cortex the bursts of
      activity of about 1 min duration appeared only after application of the
      acetylcholine to serotonin-saturated cortex. Repeated phases of activation were
      either absent or were of short duration and extinguished rapidly.

PMID- 4050113
TI  - [Effect of immunization with neurospecific proteins and tubulin on learning in
      the rat].
AB  - The paper deals with the effect of anticerebral antibodies on rats learning in T
      shaped maze with food reinforcement. The rats of August line were immunized by
      neurospecific proteins 10-40-4 from the human and rat's brain, 14-3-2 and
      cerebral tubuline. Rats immunized by bovine serum albumine (BSA) served as a
      control of the influence of antibodies to noncerebral protein. Rats injected with
      Freund adjuvant and saline, served as control of Freund adjuvant action. At the
      time of antibodies formation (from the 7-th day after the last injection) the
      rats were trained in a T-shaped maze during 4 days. The acquisition of
      conditioned reactions was inhibited in rats immunized with neurospecific proteins
      10-40-4 from the rats brain, 14-3-2 and cerebral tubuline. Antibodies to
      neurospecific protein 10-40-4 from the rats brain produced the greatest effect on
      the process of learning. They elicited a significant decrease of conditioning and
      an increase of the number of errors. Antibodies to the neurospecific protein 10
      40-4 from the human brain and to the BSA, i.e. to proteins which are not present
      in the nervous tissue of the rats, did not affect the learning. The obtained
      results indirectly confirm the permeability for the antibodies of the blood-brain
      barrier in immunized animals.

PMID- 4050114
TI  - [Regulation of the plastic properties of an electro-excitable neuronal membrane
      by serotonin].
AB  - The action of serotonin on plastic properties of electroexcitable membrane was
      studied in Helix lucorum parietal ganglia on neurones of two types: habituating
      (HC) and nonhabituating (NHC) to rhythmic intracellular stimulation by impulses
      of depolarizing current. Serotonin produced an effect of facilitation on HC
      (increase of responses to stimulation against the background of depolarization
      and rise of input resistance of the cell). Besides, serotonin completely blocked
      the ability of these cells to habituate to rhythmic stimulation. The obtained
      data testify that such action of serotonin may be based on suppression by it of C
      dependent K-conductivity. Serotonin suppresses responses of NHC to stimulation
      and contributes to their habituation to rhythmic stimulation. Such action is due
      to serotonin suppression of Ca-conductivity, and, consequently, to elimination of
      the mechanism of action potential generation.

PMID- 4050116
TI  - [Local hemodynamics of the brain of the white rat at late periods after
      discontinuation of neurosis-inducing treatment].
AB  - In the visual and sensomotor cortical areas of neurotized rats, velocity of local
      cerebral blood flow (vLCBF) was measured by the method of hydrogen clearance in 4
      6 weeks after the termination of neurotization. No significant decrease of vLCBF
      which had been observed at the late stages of neurotization, was found in the
      animals under study. However noticeable vLCBF oscillations indicated
      vegetovascular dystonia. Disturbances in vLCBF controlling system are supposed to
      be one of remote sequelae of neurotization.

PMID- 4050115
TI  - [Effect of septal damage on alcoholic motivation in the rat].
AB  - Interconnection between predisposition to depressive-like state (DS) in stress
      situation and heightened addiction to ethanol was studied in nonlinear male white
      rats. Electrolytic lesion of the septum in animals inclined to the development of
      DS, led to a change from the passive type of reaction in stress conditions to the
      active type. The rate of formation of alcoholic motivation in these animals
      decreased in comparison with sham-operated rats. The effect of the septal lesion
      in rats with formed addiction to alcohol was less expressed. Conclusion is made
      that the passive type of reaction in extreme conditions is significant for the
      formation of alcohol motivation in rats, especially at early stages.

PMID- 4050117
TI  - [Features of the reaction of the rat to intraventricular administration of the
      cerebrospinal fluid of patients with manic-depressive psychosis].
AB  - Following injection of liquor of patients with maniacal-depressive psychosis into
      the lateral ventriculi of rats brain, the testing of the animals by the method of
      "emotional resonance" revealed neurosis-like behaviour changes in some of them.
      It has been shown that the emergence and the character of these disorders are
      connected with individual features of the rats and do not depend on the phase of
      psychosis when the liquor was taken. Administration of the liquor of psychically
      healthy people and intact rats had no analogous effect.

PMID- 4050118
TI  - [Effect of brief enrichment of the environment on the elaboration of a food
      getting conditioned reflex during ontogenesis in the rat].

PMID- 4050119
TI  - [Effect of noradrenaline, microapplied to the dorsal hippocampus of the rat, on
      conditioned reflex memory].

PMID- 4050120
TI  - [Miniature preamplifier for recording the potentials of nerve cells].

PMID- 4050121
TI  - [Role of apical and basolateral cellular respiration in the transport of sugars,
      amino acids and dipeptides in the small intestine].

PMID- 4050122
TI  - [Manifestations of stress at the level of mitochondria, their stimulation by
      hormones and regulation by hydrions and air ions].

PMID- 4050123
TI  - [HPLC method for determination of vitamin C in milk, whey and whey beverages].
AB  - A method is described for the estimation of L-ascorbic acid and L-dehydroascorbic
      acid in milk, whey, and whey drinks by paired-ion reversed-phase HPLC using a C18
      column. L-ascorbic acid is detected UV-spectrophotometrically at 248 nm, L
      dehydroascorbic acid is determined spectrofluorometrically with excitation at 350
      nm and emission at 430 nm, after derivatisation into a quinoxaline fluorophor.

PMID- 4050124
TI  - Metal analysis in difficult materials with platform furnace Zeeman-atomic
      absorption spectroscopy. 2. Direct determination of cadmium and lead in milk.
AB  - A procedure is described for the direct determination of cadmium and lead in
      whole milk, skim milk, condensed milk, and human milk. Using a Perkin-Elmer 5000
      Z instrument with HGA 500 and L'vov platform and by application of oxygen ashing
      at approx. 600 degrees C, determination limits of approx. 0.02 microgram/l and
      0.7 microgram/l for cadmium and lead, respectively, are attainable. Day-to-day
      precision is 10% for 0.1 microgram/l of cadmium and 2 micrograms/l of lead.
      Accuracy control at least at higher levels was possible with DPASV after wet
      digestion. The contents found with this procedure in cows milk are at the lowest
      limit of very recent literature data, i.e. on average at 0.05 microgram/l for
      cadmium and 2 microgram/l for lead for samples from nonpolluted regions. The
      results indicate that milk does not contribute significantly to heavy metal
      exposure of man.

PMID- 4050125
TI  - Trace metals in flatfish from the southern Baltic, 1983.
AB  - The cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, and nickel concentrations have
      been determined in muscle tissue of 35 turbot Psetta maxima, 27 plaice
      Pleuronectes platessa and 103 flounders Platichthys flesus netted in 1983 in a
      different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The method of
      measurement was atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. The mean values obtained for
      turbot, plaice and flounder were 0.012, 0.009 and 0.013 for cadmium, 0.16, 0.17
      and 0.12 for lead, 0.15, 0.14 and 0.18 for copper, 5.0, 4.5 and 4.4 for zinc,
      2.2, 1.9 and 3.4 for iron, 0.14, 0.087 and 0.14 for manganese, and 0.24, 0.19 and
      0.14 for nickel (mg/kg wet weight), respectively. The contents of cadmium and
      lead in muscles of flatfish examined appear to be generally low and poses no
      threat for human consumption.

PMID- 4050126
TI  - Simple fluorimetric determination of selenium in food and biological materials. A
      validation study.
AB  - A method for the determination of selenium in food and biological materials has
      been developed. The method involves sample decomposition in a closed system at
      150 degrees C with nitric acid, perchloric acid treatment of the digest,
      reduction of selenium to the tetravalent state with hydrochloric acid followed by
      Se-2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) complex formation and extraction in a single-step
      operation. Performance characteristics of the method (accuracy and repeatability)
      were extensively tested for eleven reference materials and ten practice samples
      covering both a wide variety of matrices and a wide range of selenium content.
      Almost all results for reference materials were within the 95% confidence range
      of the certified value or the best estimate thereof. The coefficient of variation
      for all samples ranged from 2.3 to 10.1%, average value 4.7%. Average recovery
      for spiking experiments-levels 0.060, 0.075 and 0.150 micrograms/g was 102%;
      range 84-114%.

PMID- 4050127
TI  - A rapid sample preparation method for the determination of sulfamethazine in
      swine tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A rapid procedure for the determination of sulfamethazine in swine muscle and
      kidney is described. The method comprises sonication-aided extraction with
      dichloromethane, cleaning-up of the extract on a combination of silica and
      reversed-phase C18 Sep-Pak cartridges and analysis by high-performance liquid
      chromatography on a Hypersil ODS column using acetonitrile/ammonium acetate
      solution (10 mmol X 1(-1), pH 6.8) 1 + 3 v/v as the mobile phase. Detection was
      performed at 254 nm. Mean recoveries of added sulfamethazine from swine muscle
      and kidney, at levels of 0.05 to 0.5 micrograms X g-1, were 89.5 and 80.5%,
      respectively. After intramuscular injection of sulfamethazine into swine,
      residues in tissues were also determined. The application of ultrasonic energy
      for the extraction of sulfamethazine residues from animal tissues is also
      discussed.

PMID- 4050128
TI  - [Gas chromatographic study of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in cereals following
      derivatization with heptafluorobutyrates].
AB  - A method for the analysis of deoxynivalenol (DON) und nivalenol (NV) in cereals
      is described. This method is suitable for routine use for control purposes. The
      extract is purified on a florisil column. Derivatization with
      heptafluorobutyrylimidazole is followed by quantitative determination by means of
      capillary gas chromatography and electron capture detection (ECD). For
      verification purposes two-dimensional thin layer chromatography is applied to gc
      positive extracts. 67 cereal samples and cereal products from the Berlin market
      place have been assayed. Depending on the type of sample the limit of detection
      was 20 to 30 micrograms/kg for DON, and 100 to 300 micrograms/kg for NV.

PMID- 4050129
TI  - [Determination of vitamin B6 in food using high pressure liquid chromatography].
AB  - A method for the quantitative determination of vitamin B6 in food by using high
      pressure liquid chromatography and a fluorescence detector is described. The
      analytical method measures any vitamin B6 compound present in food (pyridoxamine,
      pyridoxal, pyridoxine and their phosphoric acid esters). Pyridoxamine (PM),
      pyridoxal (PL) and pyridoxine (PN) are released from the food after 30 min
      hydrolysis with 0.2 N-sulfuric acid at 120 degrees C. The filtered extract is
      applied directly to a reversed phase Spherisorb ODS column. PM, PL and PN are
      separated as mobile phase by using 0.08 N-sulfuric acid and measured by means of
      the fluorescence detector (excitation: 290 nm, emission: 395 nm). Recovery rates
      of PM, PL and PN added to the samples were between 94 and 102% depending on the
      kind of food. The detection limit is 5 micrograms PM and 10 micrograms PL or PN,
      resp. per 100 g food. The analytical procedure is simple, specific and has many
      applications; the results are well reproducible.

PMID- 4050130
TI  - Trace metals in muscle tissue of fish taken from the southern Baltic.
AB  - The determination of Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cu, Co, Zn and Cd was investigated on 123
      samples of muscle tissue of cod, herring, sprat and some other species of fish
      caught in 1981 in the southern Baltic Sea. The ranges and mean levels of metals
      recorded in this paper are compared with values reported previously by other
      authors for cod, herring and sprat from different regions of the Baltic Sea. The
      correlation coefficients between the metal concentrations in cod and herring
      muscles were calculated. The species-dependent changes of some metals in species
      analysed were observed.

PMID- 4050131
TI  - Muricidal suppression by histidine and its antagonism by alpha
      fluoromethylhistidine in thiamine deficient rats.
AB  - Male Wistar rats maintained on a thiamine deficient diet showed mouse-killing
      behavior (muricide). On the 30th day of experimental feeding, the incidence of
      muricide was 70%. Intraperitoneal (ip) injection of L-histidine, a precursor of
      brain histamine, suppressed the muricide induced by thiamine deficiency in a dose
      dependent manner. The ED50 for muricidal suppression by histidine alone was 155
      mg/kg (95% confidence limits; 107.6-223.2 mg/kg). Rotarod performance was
      concurrently examined as an index of behavioral toxicity. High doses of histidine
      produced insignificant changes in rotarod performance except at 30 min after
      administration. Histidine exhibited a specific inhibitory activity on the
      muricide induced by thiamine deficiency. Pretreatment with alpha
      fluoromethylhistidine (alpha FMH), a potent and specific inhibitor of histidine
      decarboxylase, produced a reduction in the effects of histidine. The ED50 was 400
      mg/kg ip (95% confidence limits; 169.5-944 mg/kg) by histidine in combination
      with alpha FMH 50 mg/kg ip. However, alpha FMH also exhibited specific inhibitory
      activity on muricide. Either activation or inhibition of the central
      histaminergic system resulted in muricidal suppression in thiamine deficient
      rats. These data support the view that muricide induced by thiamine deficiency is
      not mediated by the central histaminergic system.

PMID- 4050132
TI  - [A simply designed apparatus and its use for measuring vertical and horizontal
      motor activities in methamphetamine-treated mice].
AB  - A simple apparatus using the infrared ray, which can divide spontaneous motor
      activity (SMA) of mice into two behavioral components, a vertical movement (VM)
      and a horizontal movement (HM) was designed. VM and HM were evaluated by counting
      the number of times that infrared rays were blocked by the mouse in the activity
      cage [300(H) X 260(D) X 130(W) mm] with 9 infrared photo-couplers for measuring
      VM and one infrared photo-coupler for measuring HM. When methamphetamine (MAM)
      was subcutaneously administered to mice pretreated with saline (0.1 ml/10 g, sc)
      for 3 days, VM and HM were as follows: 1) At 0.1 mg/kg of MAM, the same level of
      activity was observed as with saline. 2) At 1.0 mg/kg of MAM, increased activity
      was noted. 3) At 10 mg/kg of MAM, a marked increase was noted, showing more
      enhancement of HM than VM, which had developed into a stereotyped behavior. In
      summary, this new apparatus was found capable of dividing the SMA of mice into
      the two behavioral patterns of VM and HM, and providing their measurements.

PMID- 4050133
TI  - [Medicolegal use of placental alkaline phosphatase in infanticide].
AB  - By means of starch gel electrophoresis and an improved staining technique for the
      demonstration of isoenzyme bands, placental alkaline phosphatase types were
      demonstrated in placenta tissue and birth blood traces, which had been stored for
      several days at room temperature. This method was successfully applied in a case
      of infanticide and secret delivery to identify the mother of the child. The
      results of a study on a Japanese population are also reported.

PMID- 4050135
TI  - [Postmortem decomposition of neutral lipids. Use of modern methods of analysis
      (HPLC, capillary GC, GC-MS and NMR) in adipocere formation].
AB  - The chemical composition of subcutaneous fats was analyzed in a corpse that had
      died from drowning. The skin of the cadaver examined postmortem showed different
      stages of adipocere. Samples from these regions were chemically compared with the
      fatty tissue of a person who had died recently. HPLC, GC, GC-MS, NMR (1H- and 13C
      NMR), TLC and titrimetrical methods were used to evaluate the degree of
      decomposition. The fatty acid pattern of the triglycerides (TG) and the free
      fatty acids (FFA) obtained by TLC separation was also investigated. Some
      discrepancy was observed between the autopsy findings and the results of the
      chemical analysis. It is suggested that the autopsy should be supplemented by
      chemical analysis in order to describe the state of adipocere correctly.

PMID- 4050134
TI  - [Distribution of digoxin, digitoxin and their cardioactive metabolites in human
      heart and kidney tissue. A postmortem study].
AB  - A method was developed for the specific determination of digoxin and digitoxin,
      as well as their semisynthetic derivatives and dependent cardioactive
      metabolites, in autopsy samples of heart and kidney. A collective of six patients
      on long-term treatment with therapeutic doses of beta-acetyldigoxin had a mean
      myocardial digoxin content of 46.1 +/- 25.0 ng/g (SD); kidney: 50.3 +/- 30.3
      ng/g. Digoxigenin bisdigitoxoside represented the second most important
      metabolite in heart and kidney; digoxigenin monodigitoxoside and digoxigenin
      follow, respectively. In a collective of seven patients on maintenance treatment
      with digitoxin, the mean tissue levels were higher but the metabolic pattern was
      similar (myocardial digitoxin content: 78.9 +/- 38.4 ng/g, renal content: 104.1
      +/- 44.1 ng/g). The amount of digoxin formed by hydroxylation under long-term
      treatment with digitoxin in heart and kidney were approximately 10 ng/g. A case
      of digoxin intoxication differed both in the tissue content and in the metabolic
      distribution.

PMID- 4050136
TI  - [Pathological myophosphorylase reaction in malignant hyperthermia].
AB  - In malignant hyperthermia, myophosphorylase reaction shows characteristic changes
      that take place within minutes: (1) a generally strongly weakened reaction; (2)
      numerous negatively reacting fibres; (3) frequently, fibre sections that show
      spotty and/or striatal weak or negative reactions and fibre sections with strong
      striatal reactions with relatively narrow sarcomere spacings (a "sign of
      hypercontraction"). Obviously, the morphological findings that show
      characteristic "striated fibres" are typical of the malignant hyperthermia
      syndrome! It is important to note that the muscular fibres showing such changes
      are, as a rule, inconspicuous when using other stains and reactions. These
      pathological myophosphorylase reactions were observed in five deceased patients
      (one independently of anaesthesia after an extended walk) and in 19 pigs (18
      times after halothane testing and once in an experimental animal with clinical
      evidence of the presence of malignant hyperthermia). These reactions were not
      noted in pigs with negative halothane reactivity or prior to halothane testing.
      They were also not seen in a large number of very different healthy and diseased
      control and reference cases from our biopsy and autopsy material.
      Myophosphorylase reaction enables convincing demonstration of malignant
      hyperthermia, past or present. Hence, it is possible to elucidate puzzling deaths
      or verify apparently clear death occurring during or subsequent to anaesthesia or
      simply following stress ("human stress syndrome"). Many of these deaths
      doubtlessly escape the attention of clinicians using the usual morphological
      examination methods. However, the reaction cannot be used to identify potential
      victims.

PMID- 4050137
TI  - [Suicide by intravenous injection of sublimate solution].
AB  - A 19-year-old drug-dependent man tried to commit suicide by intravenous self
      injection of 5 ml concentrated mercury II chloride solution. He arrived at an
      intensive-care unit 2 h later with predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms and
      died 70 h later, despite hemodialysis and antidote therapy. The pathologic
      anatomical picture was dominated by severe acute sublimate nephrosis and a
      coagulation disorder. The highest Hg content was found in the kidneys (5.69 mg%);
      in the gastrointestinal tract the Hg concentration lay between 1.12 and 3.26 mg%.

PMID- 4050138
TI  - [Fat embolism in the spleen].
AB  - A fat embolism is seldom seen in the spleen. In some cases, fat globules lie in
      the central arteries and capillaries of the Malpighian bodies only and in other
      cases in the red pulp in capillaries or sinus. Part of the fat droplets has been
      phagocytosed by mononuclear cells, especially when patients die some days after
      injury and the beginning of fat embolism in the systemic circulation. The
      distribution of fat emboli described can been explained by the peculiarities of
      vascular structures in form of sheathed capillaries, which arise from pencil
      arterioles and probably do not permit fat globules to pass the capillary wall in
      this part of the vasculature.

PMID- 4050139
TI  - [Morphology of a paraquat poisoning].
AB  - The predominant pathomorphological findings in acute lethal paraquat intoxication
      are interstitial and alveolar edema, as well as structural changes of the
      pulmonary architecture, probably as a result of damage of the surfactant by
      peroxides. The typical histopathological changes are illustrated in a suicide
      case in which paraquat was used. An oligodendroglioma of the left frontal lobe
      was the organic cause of suicide.

PMID- 4050142
TI  - [Discordance of ankylosing spondylitis in a monozygotic twin].
AB  - In the literature the authors found reports about 18 concordant and 1 undoubtedly
      discordant case of ankylosing spondylitis. We describe a 34 year old male pair of
      twins: one of them has suffered from this disease for 12 years, while the other
      has had no problems. The interesting point of this case is that at present the
      twins are living together. Genetic problems are also discussed.

PMID- 4050140
TI  - [Enzyme therapy in comparison with immune complex determinations in chronic
      polyarthritis].
AB  - 42 patients with definite or classic rheumatoid arthritis were treated with an
      enzyme mixture (Wobenzym) for 6 weeks. Circulating immune complexes were
      investigated with a Clq-solid phase RIA in weekly intervals and also rheumatoid
      factors were determined together with other routine laboratory tests. The
      condition of patients after therapy was recorded together with amount of
      circulating immune complexes during treatment. 26 (61.9%) patients improved, 13
      (30.9%) patients remained unchanged, and 3 (17.1%) showed impairment. No side
      effects were observed. Patients who primarily showed no immune complexes or
      patients who had immune complexes which became negative during enzyme therapy,
      showed improvement more often than patients which had immune complexes and
      remained positive during the entire course of therapy.

PMID- 4050141
TI  - [Demonstration and differentiation of circulating immune complexes in chronic
      inflammatory rheumatic diseases using a semiautomated PEG-precipitation laser
      nephelometer test].
AB  - Circulating immune complexes were determined in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic
      lupus erythematosus using a semiautomated PEG-precipitation laser-nephelometer
      technique. Immunoglobulins IgA, IgG and IgM as well as complement proteins C3c
      and C4 were quantitatively determined in 2.75% PEG-precipitates. The PEG
      precipitates obtained from the sera of healthy controls, SLE patients, and RA
      subjects displayed different protein patterns. In RA sera a significant elevation
      of all investigated proteins was found. In SLE sera, a significant increase of
      IgG, IgA, IgM, and C3 was found, whereas C4 was significantly reduced as compared
      to the controls. Typical values for a calculated IgG/C4 ratio in circulating
      immune complexes were obtained for RA and SLE. In RA this ratio remained
      unchanged in different activity stages and was found in seropositive as well as
      in seronegative sera. Thus circulating immune complexes from SLE and RA sera
      differ with respect to the degree of complement-dependent solubilization.

PMID- 4050143
TI  - [Thermographic diagnosis of arthritis in peripheral joints].
AB  - The measurement of absolute temperatures on the surface of the human body using
      quantitative thermography allows this technique to be used in rheumatology, for
      the diagnosis and monitoring the course of inflammatory diseases of the locomotor
      system. The patient is exposed to a room temperature of 18 degrees C and the skin
      temperature measured over the joint for a defined area (region of interest).
      Inflamed joints show distinctly higher absolute temperatures than normal ones
      within the observation time of 40 minutes. Moreover, the skin over healthy joints
      cools faster and to a greater extent than skin over inflamed joints, whose
      temperatures remain the same or even rise minimally in more acute cases. Using
      two measurements, the determination of the absolute temperatures (static
      thermography), and the changes in these temperatures within a definite time
      interval (dynamic thermography) it is thus possible to establish a diagnosis of
      arthritis in the regions of the peripheral joints with the help of standardised
      nomograms with an accuracy of more than 90%, and to follow the course of the
      disease more exactly.

PMID- 4050144
TI  - [Is transient hip osteoporosis a transient osteonecrosis?].
AB  - A patient suffering from transient osteoporosis of the hip sustained a fracture
      of the ipsilateral collum femoris. Total hip replacement was performed. The
      complete specimen of the proximal femur was subjected to histological
      examination. The histological findings were consistent with the reparation stage
      of ischaemic bone necrosis of the femoral head. The authors discuss whether
      transient osteoporosis of the hip is a transient, i.e. self-recovering ischaemic
      necrosis of the femoral head.

PMID- 4050145
TI  - [Shoulder girdle and shoulder joint tuberculosis].
AB  - From 1955 to 1980 inclusive, 50 patients with tuberculous omarthritis and 11 with
      specific shoulder girdle disorders (nine sternoclavicular joints, one isolated
      clavicular shaft focus, as well as one acromioclavicular joint focus) were
      treated at this clinic with a combined tuberculostatic and surgical therapy. The
      youngest patient was nine years old, and the oldest patient was 89 years old (36
      females, 25 males). The patients (average age 49.4 years) comprised 11 foreign
      workers. From the beginning of the symptoms up to diagnosis, an average of 1.4
      years elapsed. 34 patients (56%) had already been treated earlier for
      tuberculosis, and 12 (20%) were suffering at the same time from an active
      specific infection of other localisation. Independently of abscesses and fistulae
      (35 patients = 57%) as well as other simultaneous tuberculosis, the one-hour
      value of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was in the normal range, or it was
      only marginally to slightly raised (under 20 mm according to W.). In 28 patients
      (46%), arthrodeses were performed in the shoulder joint, whereas the focus was
      cleared in the remaining patients. One patient (89 years old) died of senile
      debility. All complications (16 reactivations, two dislocations of the bone chip
      implantations, one fail joint) healed without complications after secondary
      operations. In the follow-up examination (on average, after 3.1 years), we
      diagnosed one recurrence (sternoclavicular joint process). Of the 45 patients
      (74%) followed up, 36 (80%) had started working again on average 12 months after
      the end of hospital treatment, or had resumed their former occupation
      (pensioners, housewives). Three (7%) of those followed up needed a different
      occupation or were given a new job within their firm.

PMID- 4050146
TI  - Association of ankylosing spondylitis with hairy cell leukemia: a previously once
      reported case.
AB  - We report a case of ankylosing spondylitis associated with hairy cell leukemia.
      This is the second observed case (I3) of ankylosing spondylitis with a B-type
      lymphoproliferative disorder which allows us to make some observations about the
      pathogenesis of these rare diseases.

PMID- 4050147
TI  - [NMR tomography of the knee joint in patients with rheumatic joint diseases].
AB  - Twenty patients with rheumatoid gonarthritis were examined in a NMR tomograph
      with a 0.2 tesla resistive magnet. Synovial effusions were seen in 18 cases and
      thickening of the synovium in 15 cases. Discrimination between synovial fluid and
      synovium was gained by different NMR signals from various spin-echo sequences. In
      demonstrating a thickened synovium NMR tomography enables the depiction of
      inflammation inside the joint in earlier stages of illness than is possible with
      bone erosion detection from X-ray photographs.

PMID- 4050149
TI  - [Orienting animal experiment studies on the effect of fenbufen on healthy and
      arthrosis-induced articular cartilage tissue in vivo].
AB  - Over a period of 3 months weekly intraarticular injections of fenbufen into the
      knee joint of hens did not induce any significant degenerative alterations of the
      articular cartilage. Experimental osteoarthrosis biochemically induced by
      iodoacetate in the knee joint of our laboratory animals was not enhanced by
      weekly intraarticular applications of fenbufen or its metabolite biphenyl-acetic
      acid. Joint space measurements as well as other radiological and macroscopical
      examinations of the knee joints confirmed that fenbufen and biphenyl-acetic acid
      had no negative influence on articular cartilage. In this respect these
      antiphlogistic agents differ from many other antiinflammatory drugs and may be
      particularly useful in the treatment of inflammatory phases of osteoarthrosis.

PMID- 4050148
TI  - [Reactions of the overlapping volo-ulnar margin of the ulnar head in chronic
      polyarthritis--a hitherto disregarded sign].
AB  - The volo-ulnar margin of the ulnar head is mostly superimposed by the base of the
      ulnar styloid, but often remains visible as a contour. The ulnar head is
      surrounded by the radio-ulnar synovial compartment. At the wrist this compartment
      is one of the most often affected synovial compartments in rheumatoid arthritis.
      Therefore reactions often occur at this margin in rheumatoid arthritis with
      thinning, reactive sclerosis and erosion. These reactions occur as often as the
      erosions at the neighbouring ulnar styloid.

PMID- 4050151
TI  - [Effectiveness of D-penicillamine therapy in chronic polyarthritis].
AB  - In 52 patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis the therapeutic efficacy of 600
      mg/die of D-penicillamine was evaluated for two years in a prospective trial.
      Patients were included in the study only if the duration of their disease
      exceeded 6 months (upper limit 12 months), and there was involvement of 6 or more
      joints and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (1 hour values greater than
      or equal to 25 mm). In 26 patients (50%) a decline in the activity index could be
      observed, but 18 of these subjects had a deterioration of findings as assessed by
      X-ray. The increase of the activity index indicated no therapeutic benefit in 26
      patients (50%), which could be confirmed in 23 subjects by X-rays.

PMID- 4050150
TI  - [Pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacokinetics of mofebutazone].
AB  - The difference between mofebutazone and phenylbutazone is shown by means of
      toxicological, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies as well as by the
      protein binding. In spite of a certain chemical similarity both substances differ
      distinctly. Mofebutazone is approx. 5-6 times less toxic than phenylbutazone but
      its analgesic and antiphlogistic effects are weaker than those of phenylbutazone.
      The half life time of mofebutazone of 1.9 h is considerably shorter than that of
      phenylbutazone (54-99 h). Mofebutazone, in contrast to phenylbutazone, is mainly
      glucuronidised and to 94% eliminated within 24 h, phenylbutazone on the other
      hand to only 88% within 21 days. In spite of a high plasma protein binding quota
      of 99%, mofebutazone is classed among those substances with a medium binding
      potential. Conclusions may only be drawn with great reservation with regard to a
      category of substances from the effect and side effects of one substance on the
      basis of the present studies.

PMID- 4050153
TI  - [Operative measures in recurrence of urinary incontinence and advanced
      displacement of pelvic organs in the female].
AB  - The individual approach in the stress incontinence of the woman requires the
      consideration of general pathological and social factors, the locoregional
      topical anatomy of the pelvic organs, results of functional investigations and
      aimed metaphylactic measures. The possibility of selecting incontinent women for
      the abdomino-vaginal approach is demonstrated with the help of a model of
      diagnostics and the tactics of operation as well as metaphylactic measures are
      described. In 92% of the women with highly pathological topical anatomy of the
      pelvic organs or recidivations of incontinence of urine a continence could be
      proved on an average three years after operation. 25% of the female patients
      showed a component of urgent desire to pass water. The combined approach with
      application of chorium material contains three operative suspensory steps and the
      correction of further factors evoking incontinence. The technique tested on
      account of the results obtained is an alternative method if indication is given.

PMID- 4050152
TI  - [Unusual coincidence of dens aplasia and atlas malformation with early childhood
      spastic tetraparesis. Case report on the differential diagnosis of inflammatory
      atlantoaxial dislocation].
AB  - We report on the case of a 33 year old woman with acute tetraparesis and
      radiological evidence of atlantoaxial dislocation who had to undergo several
      attempts at osteosynthetic stabilisation of the cervical spine. She was afflicted
      with a spastic walk since the early years of childhood which had been explained
      by encephalitis after umbilical sepsis. The etiology of this severe and grave
      cervical instability however was found in a very rare congenital developmental
      disturbance of the occipitocervical passage with dystope os odontoid, extreme
      hypoplasia of the dens axis and additionally an osseous link between left
      processus transversus atlantis and occiput. Diagnostic problems arose from a
      simultaneous psoriasis, because a psoriatic cervical spondylitis seemed possible.

PMID- 4050154
TI  - [Urodynamic results before and after operative treatment of stress incontinence
      in the female].
AB  - On the basis of the urogynaecological results of 66 women before and after
      vaginal hysterectomy with plastic operation of the diaphragm who were controlled
      by means of the complex diagnostics programme of incontinence of urine a
      separation in women who were cured after operation and such ones who post
      operatively remained incontinent. Furthermore, the pre- and postoperative data of
      6 women were compiled who were treated with an abdominovaginal loop plastics. The
      results with the references to literature are discussed.

PMID- 4050155
TI  - [Changes induced by Mictonorm in the urodynamics of the detrusor muscle in
      females with symptoms of the urge to urinate].
AB  - In a study for the recognition of the urodynamics of the detrusor after
      administration of the anticholinergic drug Mictonorm 14 patients with obstinate
      urge symptoms were examined. According to an examination plan every woman
      underwent three cystometric examinations each which were performed by means of a
      special urodynamic measuring device. Apart from a distinct improvement of the
      subjective complaints with the help of significantly different cystometry
      parameters the change of the urodynamics of the detrusor after therapy may be
      made evident in the results.

PMID- 4050156
TI  - [Comparative hemolysis studies of various dialysis technics].
AB  - In simultaneous experiments the haemolysis in the double-needle dialysis was
      investigated in comparison to the single-needle technique. As SN-technique the 2
      clamp technique with permanently going and start-stop function of the blood pump,
      respectively, was used. Another technique without arterial and with retarded
      venous clamp was tested. Furthermore, the pressure limits in the SND were varied.
      A slight increase of the haemolysis in the SND in comparison to the DND was
      stated. In the different SN-techniques no essential differences in the haemolysis
      could be proved, whereas an increase of the pressure limits led to a clear
      increase of the haemolysis.

PMID- 4050157
TI  - [Successful treatment of progressive dialysis encephalopathy. Case report].
AB  - A case of severe aluminium-induced dialysis dementia and osteopathy is described.
      Under DFO-therapy a complete remission could be achieved within 8 months.

PMID- 4050158
TI  - [Introduction of a new bandaging technic in CAPD patients].
AB  - The protrusion of the peritoneal dialysis catheter from the skin is a
      technological and biological problem insufficiently solved in CAPD-patients.
      Infections in this area may demand the removal of the indwelling catheter. A
      decrease of the infection rate as well as a significant increase of the comfort
      for the patients is possible by the new bandaging method demonstrated, in which
      colostomy bags usual in trade are used.

PMID- 4050159
TI  - Local dermatitis with subsequent pigmentation in green monkeys (Cercopithecus
      aethiops).

PMID- 4050160
TI  - [Mathematical estimation of mass and body length gain in AB/Jena mice in relation
      to age and litter size].

PMID- 4050161
TI  - Selective elimination of Enterobacteriaceae from the digestive tract in rats with
      trimethoprim.

PMID- 4050162
TI  - [Comparative studies of the marginal periodontium of Wistar rats and Syrian
      golden hamsters].

PMID- 4050163
TI  - [Spontaneous skin calcinosis in the rat].

PMID- 4050164
TI  - Absorption of calcium, magnesium and phosphate during chronic renal failure and
      the effect of vitamin D in rabbits.

PMID- 4050166
TI  - [Effect of the cage structure on choice behavior and spontaneous motility of
      laboratory rats].

PMID- 4050165
TI  - Effect of irradiation and storage time on the content of thiamine, riboflavin,
      and vitamin A in feeds based on cereals.

PMID- 4050167
TI  - Depletion of granulocytes induced by quick exsanguination of rabbits; a sign of
      complement activation.

PMID- 4050168
TI  - A giant rat in a Wistar (Cpb: WU) colony. Short communication.

PMID- 4050169
TI  - [Malignant paraganglioma].
AB  - A case of malignant paraganglioma of the right carotid bifurcation with
      metastases in the vertebral bodies in a 63-year-old man is reported. The criteria
      for malignancy in paragangliomas are discussed and special attention is paid to
      the difficult morphological differential diagnosis of these tumors and their
      metastases as illustrated by the present case.

PMID- 4050170
TI  - [Carcinoma in the gastric stump--a study of autopsy material].
AB  - The general autopsy material of the Institute of Pathology of the Medical Academy
      in Magdeburg for the years 1977 to 1981 was reviewed and cases of stomach cancer,
      stomach cancer in resected stomachs and individuals with prior stomach operations
      were identified. In a total of 16,474 autopsy reports there were 354 with prior
      stomach resections of whom 39 had a carcinoma in the previously operated stomach,
      a frequency of 11.3%. The proportion of stomach cancers in the total autopsy
      series was 4.3%. Ulcus ventriculi was the most frequent reason for the stomach
      surgery which had been performed an average of 27 years before. In 87% a 2/3
      resection according to Billroth II had been employed. Cancer of the stomach, in
      persons previously operated on for benign gastric disease may be regarded as a
      late complication of surgery. The implications of this finding are discussed.

PMID- 4050171
TI  - Development and developmental abnormalities of the CNS and pathology of the
      spinal cord. Abstracts.

PMID- 4050172
TI  - [29th annual meeting of the German Society for Neuropathology and Neuroanatomy.
      20-23 June 1984, Bremen. Abstracts].

PMID- 4050173
TI  - Production of B-group vitamins by bacteria isolated from soil, rhizosphere, and
      mycorrhizosphere of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.).
AB  - Studies on the production of B vitamins by soil, rhizosphere, and
      mycorrhizosphere bacteria have revealed that such ability is common among these
      organisms. Thiamin, nicotinic and folic acids were produced by the greatest
      number of bacteria. Bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere and mycorrhizosphere
      produced more riboflavin than those originating from the soil distant from roots.
      In general the soil strains produced higher amounts of vitamins (except
      riboflavin) than the root-zone isolates. Two and three vitamins were produced by
      the majority of bacteria. The synthesis of four and five vitamins was found in
      few strains only.

PMID- 4050174
TI  - [Operative therapy of a refluxing double ureter in childhood].
AB  - Surgical methods for repairing the bilateral vesico-ureteral reflux have to be
      adapted to the pathomorphological and pathodynamic variety of refluxing ureters.
      Ureteroureterostomy can be performed in the cranial section of the ureter in
      order to check the local situation of the kidney and its macroscopic structure.
      But the distal localisation of the uretero-ureteral anastomosis proves to be
      favourable too. The operation according to Politano-Leadbetter is the method of
      choice to correct the reflux. It is only in therapy-resistent pyuria with
      decompensation of the kidneys that temporary supravesical urine-derivation has
      turned out to be an advantage because the possibility of organ-conservation by
      surgery later is still preserved.

PMID- 4050175
TI  - [Pediatric femoral shaft fractures. Evaluation of 504 follow-up studies].
AB  - From 657 children who suffered from fractures of the femoral shaft during the
      years 1965-1980 504 could be followed-up in 13 hospitals of the GDR clinically
      and roentgenologically. 313 had undergone conservative treatment, 191 surgery
      with different methods. In all surgically treated cases there was overgrowth of
      the broken femoral shaft there was a shortening only in a few cases. In most
      cases the rotational deformity of the distal fragment persisted. Dislocation ad
      latus always had disappeared, whereas varus and expecially valgus deformities as
      well as antecurvation had improved partially. Coxa valga deformity was found most
      frequently after internal fixation.

PMID- 4050176
TI  - [Urgent pulmonary interventions in early childhood].
AB  - The article deals with life threatening anomalies oft he lung in newborns which
      can only be cured by urgent surgical intervention. The clinical symptomatology is
      characterized in nearly all cases by intrathoracic displacement of healthy lung
      tissue. Own observations in connection with literature are dealt with.

PMID- 4050178
TI  - Mites from the city pavement.
AB  - The authors obtained a total of 136 mite specimens from dust samples collected
      from the pavement of Prague in monthly intervals for a period of one year. Of
      utmost importance was the finding of Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes, 1961 and
      Euroglyphus maynei (Cooreman, 1950), both of the family Pyroglyphidae,
      allergogenic mites. Apart from a few exceptions, all other species were common
      mites of food stores.

PMID- 4050177
TI  - [Treatment and results following para-articular epiphyseal injuries of the knee
      during the growth period].
AB  - A total of 23 children aged 3 to 18 years, underwent treatment in a period of 14
      years. They were followed-up from 1 to 12 years later. The follow-up examinations
      confirmed that the treatment has to consider the kind of epiphyseal injury, its
      localisation and the patient's age in order to avoid prearthrotic deformity.
      Thus, conservative and operative treatment have their exact indication.

PMID- 4050179
TI  - [Determination of the killing rate of Bacillus spores by peracetic acid].
AB  - The sporocidal properties of peracetic acid (PAA) at defined concentrations were
      characterized by determination of decrease in PAA after addition of D-glucose,
      human albumin and suspensions of spores; concentration of PAA, which inactivates
      10(6)-10(7) spores of Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, B. megaterium and B.
      licheniformis within 10-30 min; inactivation constant k, decimal reduction time D
      and the sporocidal index (mg PAA X min X ml-1) at that concentration. In contrast
      to albumin, the spore suspension caused relatively little reduction of PAA
      concentration (less than 5% at the concentrations used). B. cereus, B. subtilis
      and B. megaterium had similar inactivation rates with k-values in the range of
      0.368 and 0.541 min-1, D-values between 4.26 min and 6.26 min at 0.2 mg/ml PAA.
      B. lichenformis was much more resistant showing a k = 0.345 min-1 and D = 6.66
      min at 3.0 mg/ml PAA. The sporocidal index of B. lichenformis was 180 mg X min X
      ml-1 while the three other species had sporocidal index-values of 7 mg X min X ml
      1.

PMID- 4050180
TI  - [Microbiological studies of waste from medical practice and household refuse].
AB  - Microbiological investigations were made during a one year period on refuse from
      consulting rooms of general practitioners, E.N.T.-specialists, dermatologists,
      dentists, and veterinarians. Concentrations of total aerobic bacteria,
      hyphomycetes, yeasts, actinomycetes, indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli, feacal
      streptococci, anaerobic sulfite reducing spore-forming bacteria), of some
      facultative pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus),
      and pathogens (Salmonella sp.) were estimated. The refuse from medical consulting
      rooms showed definitely differences in microbiological properties. Usually the
      highest counts of microorganisms were found in the refuse from veterinarian
      consulting rooms. In generally, refuse from medical consulting rooms had lower
      microbial counts as compared to the municipal refuse. Feacal indicators and
      facultative pathogenic bacteria, however, were found more frequently, and usually
      at higher concentrations in refuse from medical consulting rooms. Salmonella sp.
      was not found in the refuse samples under test. Conclusively, refuse from medical
      consulting rooms should be handled with caution. However, the results of this
      study do not indicate those kinds of refuse as a source of acute hygienic risk.

PMID- 4050181
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at the workshop of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur
      Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Hygiene and Public Health Section, Mainz, 4-6 October
      1984.

PMID- 4050182
TI  - [Microflora in swine slurry as a parameter in determining the efficiency of
      deodorizing treatment. I. Continuous and discontinuous aeration treatment].
AB  - Liquid manure from the pig, fresh and stored, was treated by continuous and
      discontinuous aeration. The purpose was to achieve a biologically stabilized and
      deodorized organic material. The samples which were aerated intermittently had
      good decomposition rates for nitrogen compounds and even so good deodorization
      effects. In spite of a minimum of dissolved oxygen of appr. 0.2 mg/l, good
      deodorization could be achieved by intermittent aeration for 23 days.
      Simultaneous processes of nitrification and denitrification were observed in
      optimal aerated manure similar to activated sludge processes. On the other hand,
      significant shifts on the microflora could be shown, whereby the main part of the
      biota consists in the gramnegative, non fermentative organisms. In non-deodorized
      liquid manure, members of the genus Bacillus advanced in their growth rates. In
      addition to Alcaligenes-Pseudomonas organisms, the group of nonfermentative cocci
      (e. g. Moraxella spp., Paracoccus spp.) dominated. Their growth development
      during the treatment agreed very well with the results of decomposition and
      deodorization. The existence of Bifidobacterium and of Aerococcus in aerated pig
      slurry was not ascribed before.

PMID- 4050183
TI  - [Microflora in swine slurry as a parameter in determining the efficiency of
      deodorizing treatment. II. Treatment with ammonium peroxydisulfate].
AB  - Fresh and stored liquid manure from the pig could be deodorized by addition of 2%
      (w/v) Ammonperoxodisulfate (= APS). This effect was accompanied by a rapid
      increase of the redox potential up to +400 mV, fluctuating oxygen contents of
      maximal 0.8 mg/l, a significant decrease of pH below 7.0, a complete
      decomposition of organic nitrogen compounds and a considerable increase of total
      nitrogen caused by APS-addition. After 20 days, odour production could be noted
      again in the fresh slurry sample. It is assumed, that this effect is due to a
      population of yeasts, vigorously grown up towards the end of the test. The stored
      slurry sample was shown to be stable with respect to deodorization effect and
      yeasts could be found in portions lesser than 1%. In the fresh as well as in the
      stored slurry samples, organisms of the genus Bifidobacterium dominated towards
      the end of manure handling. In spite of an oxidised substrate it is assumed, that
      these anaerobic to aerotolerant microorganisms found a microbiotope with a
      reduced environment inside the flocks, built up by APS-addition. The
      facultatively anaerobic microorganisms, for the most part of the genus Bacillus,
      which mainly belong to producers of odorous compounds almost could be eliminated
      within 20 days at the latest by APS-treatment. It should be focused to prevent a
      secondary odour production by H2S-forming yeasts. This may be managed in future
      by an odour-reducing minimal APS-addition under a 2%-application. In addition,
      the costs of APS-treatment of liquid piggery waste could be reduced considerably.

PMID- 4050184
TI  - [Prevention of occupational cancer in the asbestos cement industry (preliminary
      report)].
AB  - In a cohort study on 324 asbestos cement workers an increased risk of lung cancer
      was observed in comparison to cement workers (O/E = 1.7, p less than 0.05). 10
      out of 17 deaths from lung cancer occurred after age 65, stressing the need for
      screening after retirement. In a pilot study on 198 asbestos cement workers we
      tried to adjust the screening intensity to individual risk (esp. for respiratory
      and gastrointestinal diseases) by use of history (exposure, smoking, etc.) and
      results of earlier examination. We found relations between smoking and
      respiratory symptoms, smoking and parameters of flow-volume-curves, smoking and
      radiological signs of early pneumoconiosis. Possibilities for early detection and
      intervention are discussed.

PMID- 4050185
TI  - [Microbiological studies of the contamination of hospital waste and household
      refuse].
AB  - A bacteriological analysis of hospital waste and household refuse (garbage dump)
      showed a wider range of bacteria in hospital waste. However, quantitatively,
      household refuse was more contaminated, especially with fecal bacteria. Almost
      one third of all hospital waste showed no bacterial growth under the conditions
      chosen for the study. In blood-drenched waste and serum samples 2% of all samples
      examined were anti-HBc and anti-HBe positive.

PMID- 4050186
TI  - [Results of treatment of hypertensive pregnant patients at the Gynecology Clinic
      of the Rostock Wilhelm Pieck University 1976-1980. 1. Anamnesis, course of
      pregnancy and delivery].
AB  - From 1976 to 1980 we treated 875 women with signs of toxemia of pregnancy.
      Preeclampsia was diagnosed in the majority of patients. The frequency of
      eclampsia was 0.23%. Distribution of ages was the same as well in the toxemic
      patients as in the whole number of deliveries. Nulliparity was overrepresented in
      toxemic women. The number of operative deliveries and the ratio of retarded
      newborns was higher compared with all deliveries.

PMID- 4050187
TI  - [Analysis of perinatal morbidity and mortality in cases of dysmaturity].
AB  - The authors have examined the case-histories of the intrauterine retarded
      neonates on the basis of their obstetrical material during a four years period.
      They did not find such pregnancy complications in more of the half of their
      cases, which should have drown the attention to the possibility of the
      intrauterine retardation. The perinatal mortality of the dysmature babies was
      significant higher than the global perinatal mortality of their ward. They
      emphasize the importance of the early diagnosis. They suggest to spread the
      screening examinations. We can prevent the intrauterine death with the help of
      the hospitalization of the screened pregnants and with the instrumental and
      endocrine monitorisation of the pregnancy.

PMID- 4050188
TI  - [A case of malignant hyperthermia in operative obstetrics].
AB  - Occasionally a caesarean section we saw a case of malignant hyperthermia with a
      favourable fate.

PMID- 4050189
TI  - [Significance of surgical tumor reduction in the therapy of ovarian cancer].
AB  - Authors report on their experiences concerning 333 ovarian cancer patients
      operated on at the Gynecological Department of the Medical University, Debrecen
      during the last 10 years. They describe the surgical technique applied
      summarizing in three points its goal: accurate staging, radical tumor debulking,
      map out residual disease. Characterising the studied population authors give the
      distribution of patients according to prognostic factors, and postoperative
      treatment tips. They analyse treatment results according to diameter of residual
      tumor based on three parameters--the grade of response, duration of remission and
      surviving. They found that each therapeutic parameter is basicly influenced by
      the diameter of residual tumor left behind. The best results can be achieved
      among patients with minimal residual disease. The extent of tumor debulking
      during the first laparotomy is decising prognosis fundamentally.

PMID- 4050190
TI  - [The patient record of the use of hormonal contraceptives--a possibility for
      better monitoring].
AB  - A card is introduced, which in addition to essential anamnestic data permits
      registration of entry of diseases, side effects, smoking habits, additional drug
      intake and results of examinations during steroid medication. The card to be
      presented whenever a physician is consulted is intended to convey better pill
      taking information to other specialists, while also ensuring follow-up of such
      patients.

PMID- 4050192
TI  - Isolation, characterization and ecological distribution of recently recognized
      propionic acid-negative Bacteroides species from human sources.
AB  - 140 strains of anaerobic, Gram-negative, propionate-negative, non-pigmented rods
      (Bacteroides oralis group) were isolated from normal flora and from clinical
      specimens. They were characterized by physiological tests, gas chromatography of
      the acid end products, and determination of the G + C content of their DNA. In
      addition, their distribution in the various biotopes of the human body
      (oropharyngeal tract, genitourinary tract, and gut) and in clinical specimens was
      investigated. The strains could be assigned to the recently described species
      Bacteroides denticola, B. buccae, B. buccalis, and B. oris, or to B. bivius, B.
      disiens and B. oralis. In the investigated group, especially B. bivius exhibits
      an antibiotic resistance--particularly against the beta-lactam antibiotics-
      comparable to that of B. fragilis.

PMID- 4050191
TI  - [Perforation of the urinary bladder with retroperitoneal abscess formation and
      septic shock following diagnostic curettage].
AB  - A case of perforation of the urinary bladder is presented which occurred
      occasionally a diagnostic curettage. At admission there was a severe septic
      shock. After intensive treatment the diagnosis of perforation of urinary bladder
      was made by intravenous urography and cystography. Laparotomy with closure of the
      perforation, lavage of abdomen and drainage of the pouch of Douglas made a total
      recovery.

PMID- 4050193
TI  - [Differentiation of clostridia].
AB  - 162 Clostridium strains (20 species), isolated from clinical specimens, were
      identified by their morphological, biochemical, and gaschromatographic
      characteristics. The reliability of the Api 20A system in identifying Clostridium
      species was studied by performing biochemical tests both in the microsystem and
      according to the VPI Anaerobic Handbook. 66% of the Clostridium strains could be
      identified by the Api 20A system supplemented, in accordance with the Api
      Handbook by other tests such as morphology, lipase and lecithinase production.
      The following Clostridium species, known as clinically most significant, could be
      identified by the Api 20A system: Clostridium sordellii and C. sporogenes (92%),
      C. bifermentans (60%) and C. tertium (78%). Methods which can be used in the
      clinical laboratory for the identification of Clostridium species are described,
      i.e. isolation of Clostridium strains from mixed cultures, examination of
      morphological characteristics, performance of biochemical tests in the Api 20 A
      system as a micromethod, verification by conventional biochemical test systems
      and gaschromatographic analysis in special laboratories if necessary.

PMID- 4050194
TI  - [Distribution of species of the genus Listeria].
AB  - Within the classification of different Listeria species according to present
      knowledge, this study investigates the sources and distribution of both the known
      "classical" species of Listeria as well as the recently added species: L.
      monocytogenes, L. innocua, L. ivanovii, L. welshimeri, L. seeligeri, L. grayi and
      L. murrayi. For this purpose 573 isolates from the environment, food, healthy
      carriers and patients suffering from listeriosis were selected out of a total of
      approximately 6000 strains originating from all parts of the globe which are
      maintained at the Listeria Culture Collection of the Institute of Hygiene,
      Wurzburg. The selection was made according to the criterium of widest possible
      geographic distribution. The results indicate the environment to be the natural
      reservoir of all of the 7 'new' Listeria species. Healthy animal carriers harbour
      in their intestinal tract all species of Listeria with the exception of L.
      murrayi, whilst in the excreta of healthy individuals only the species L.
      monocytogenes, L. ivanovii, and L. innocua were found. Identification of strains
      from pathological specimens of human and animal origin resulted invariably in the
      finding of L. monocytogenes or L. ivanovii. L. grayi (7 strains) was found
      sporadically in Europe and in the USA, whereas L. murrayi (9 strains) has been
      isolated only in the USA. 26 of 28 so far known strains of L. welshimeri
      originated from the USA, and only 2 strains of this species were found in Europe.
      L. seeligeri (80 strains) was identified among European isolates, L. innocua,
      however, in both USA and Europe. L. ivanovii occurs in Australia, Europe and the
      USA. L. monocytogenes is of global distribution. Table 1 presents a survey of
      species, serovariety and origin of the 573 isolates. As both pathogenic and non
      pathogenic listeria strains are found in the human environment, it is necessary
      to identify each isolate appropriately, particularly in view of the elucidation
      of the rather obscure epidemiology of human listeriosis.

PMID- 4050195
TI  - Listeria monocytogenes-vaccine: production and control.
AB  - The experiments described in this paper were designed in order to develop the
      basis for the production and potency testing of a live vaccine against
      listeriosis. The vaccine contains the serovars 1/2 a and 4b of Listeria
      monocytogenes (L. m.). a) Production. R-forms of both serovars with attenuated
      mice virulence were used as antigens. The vaccine strains can be kept stable by
      means of lyophilisation. The vaccine should contain at least 1 X 10(8) living
      bacteria of each serovar. During production, a cultivation temperature of + 22
      degrees C is employed in order to guarantee the formation of somatic (O-) and
      flagellar (H-)antigens. b) Potency testing. The quantitative mice protection test
      is the only suitable method for potency testing: subcutaneous vaccination,
      followed ten days later by challenge with graded doses of sufficiently mice
      pathogenic, homologous forms of both serovars of L. m. The protection index
      calculating according to Karber should be at least 100. Due to the possible
      decline of the number of living bacteria during storage which could result in
      decreased potency of the vaccine, the expiration date of the vaccine should be
      one year after production. It was found that the antibody titres of vaccinated
      animals are without any value for estimating the protective potency of vaccines.

PMID- 4050196
TI  - [Isolation of Listeria seeligeri and L. welshimeri bacteriophages. Lysotyping of
      L. monocytogenes, L. ivanovii, L. innocua, L. seeligeri and L. welshimeri].
AB  - Recent taxonomic reexamination of Listeria monocytogenes strains as defined in
      the 8th edition of Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology allowed to
      distinguish 5 species among these strains: L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, L.
      ivanovii, L. welshimeri, and L. seeligeri. As till now only the behaviour of the
      species L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, and L. ivanovii towards bacteriophages was
      characterized, the present study aimed at the search for phages occurring on
      these two new species and to determine their lytic activities towards
      representative strains of the whole genus. Seven different bacteriophages were
      isolated from the culture filtrates of 45 strains of L. seeligeri, whereas only
      one phage was obtained from the filtrates of 17 strains of L. welshimeri. No
      phage was isolated from the filtrates of L. grayi and L. murrayi strains with our
      methods. The phage preparations proved stable over a period of 6 to 12 months
      with titers ranging from 7 X 10(8) to 5 X 10(10). By use of a set of lytic phages
      which contained in addition to the eight new phages from L. welshimeri and L.
      seeligeri 23 known phages from L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, and L. ivanovii, 511
      selected strains, originating from various sources, especially environment (125
      strains), and belonging to all species of Listeria, were studied. 345 (68%) of
      the 511 strains could be assigned to a lysovar by means of the extended set. The
      eight new phages showed genus- and serogroup specificity but did not present
      species-specific reactions. The strains of L. grayi and L. murrayi were untypable
      using these 31 phages. No relationship between lysovar and serovar on the one
      side and host and geographic source on the other side was apparent.

PMID- 4050197
TI  - Anti-LPS antibody response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. I. Kinetics of
      the serological response.
AB  - A continuous survey of the serological response in 59 Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      infections of 30 patients treated in a respiratory intensive care unit revealed
      that anti-LPS antibody production paralleled the intensity of the infection from
      the early onset. In lethal cases the immunological response was depressed from
      the start of the P. aeruginosa complications, probably as a consequence of a too
      intensive antigenic stimulus exerted by a massive infection. Septic shock was
      always accompanied by a marked fall in antibody titres. The loss was more
      expressed in the most effective IgG class antibodies.

PMID- 4050198
TI  - Requirement for calcium ions in antibody-dependent complement-mediated cytolysis
      of Toxoplasma gondii.
AB  - The mechanism of antibody-dependent complement-mediated cytolysis of Toxoplasma
      organisms was studied by using a selective chelating agent for Ca++,
      ethyleneglycol-bis (beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N-tetraacetic acid (EGTA).
      Toxoplasma organisms were lysed by treatment with human serum containing anti
      Toxoplasma antibodies and with fresh human-plasma at 37 degrees C for 1 h. The
      reaction was prevented by heat treatment of the fresh plasma at 56 degrees C for
      30 min, confirming that the cytolysis of Toxoplasma organisms had been mediated
      by an activation of complement. The lytic reaction was completely inhibited by an
      addition of EGTA at final concentrations of more than 2.5 mM. Addition of Ca++
      cleared the inhibitory effect of EGTA on the reaction. These results demonstrate
      that the antibody-dependent complement-mediated cytolysis of Toxoplasma organisms
      requires the presence of Ca++, indicating that the reaction is mediated by an
      activation of the classical complement pathway.

PMID- 4050199
TI  - Mycolic acid patterns of some rapidly-growing species of Mycobacterium.
AB  - Representative strains of some rapidly-growing species of Mycobacterium were
      degraded by both acid methanolysis and alkaline hydrolysis followed by phase
      transfer catalysed conversion to methyl esters. Patterns of mycolic acids and
      other long-chain components were determined for 56 samples by two-dimensional
      thin-layer chromatography. Representatives of Mycobacterium chitae contained
      epoxymycolates and alpha and alpha'-mycolates, lacking oxygen functions in
      addition to the 3-hydroxyacid unit; a previously recorded pattern of alpha,alpha'
      , methoxy- and ketomycolates was confirmed for Mycobacterium thermoresistible. An
      unusual pattern of alpha-, alpha'-, methoxy- and minor possible ketomycolates was
      characteristic of Mycobacterium agri strains. Wax-ester and alpha-mycolates were
      present in all the remaining test strains, the former being observed as their
      omega-carboxymycolate and 2-alkanol degradation products. The principal remaining
      component corresponded to ketomycolates in extracts of Mycobacterium flavescens,
      Mycobacterium aichiense, Mycobacterium neoaurum, Mycobacterium rhodesiae,
      Mycobacterium tokaiense and five out of the seven Mycobacterium aurum strains.
      Such a pattern, but with reduced amounts of alpha-mycolates, was also found for
      Mycobacterium gadium and "Mycobacterium gallinarum". The above pattern, with the
      addition of alpha'-mycolates, was characteristic of Mycobacterium chubuense,
      Mycobacterium duvalii, Mycobacterium gilvum, Mycobacterium parafortuitum and two
      remaining strains of M. aurum. Representatives of Mycobacterium komossense had a
      characteristic pattern with components co-chromatographing with alpha-, methoxy-,
      keto- and omega-carboxymycolates and 2-alkanols. A number of unidentified polar
      components were recorded in certain chromatographic patterns.

PMID- 4050200
TI  - Detection of antibodies to leptospiral genus-specific antigen in human and animal
      sera by indirect hemagglutination test with a partially purified genus-specific
      protein antigen.
AB  - Antibodies against leptospiral genus-specific antigen were detected in the sera
      from clinically diagnosed human leptospirosis and suspected animal leptospirosis
      by indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test with a partially purified genus-specific
      protein antigen (GP-Ag). The reaction was positive in the infected humans and
      animals irrespective of the leptospiral serovars. No significant correlation was
      found between IHA titer against GP-Ag and microscopic agglutination (MA) titer.
      IHA titer did not always develop in parallel with MA titers. Sera obtained from
      healthy individuals were negative in both IHA and MA tests.

PMID- 4050201
TI  - [Development of Salmonella resistance in the Vienna area 1980-1983].
AB  - During 1982-83 the frequency of single chemoresistant Salmonella isolates
      declined compared with the period of 1980-81. This decrease is evident regardless
      of whether the material is grouped according to serovars or to regions. However,
      the degree of resistance in multiresistant isolates increased. The frequency of
      S. saint-paul decreased, but continued to have the highest degree of resistance.
      In the D1 group there were almost exclusively mono-resistant isolates. 59% of all
      resistant isolates were resistant to tetracyclin, 47% to streptomycine and 25% to
      sulfonamides. Sensitive isolates predominate in outbreaks, except for one
      outbreak of S. enteritidis, which showed a marked percentage of bacteria with
      reduced sensibility against cephalosporine. The resistance patterns showed
      considerable variance over the time of observation. All types of resistance
      appeared much more frequently than expected from calculation of possible gene
      bound properties; the only exception was the double resistance to cephalosporine
      and tetracycline which corresponds with genetic laws.

PMID- 4050202
TI  - Immune response in anaemic calves.

PMID- 4050203
TI  - Haemonchus contortus: qualitative and quantitative analysis of lipids.

PMID- 4050204
TI  - Electron microscope autoradiographic study of bovine herpesvirus 4.

PMID- 4050205
TI  - [Use of albendazole in pregnant cows. Field studies on its safety in usage].

PMID- 4050206
TI  - Respiratory deficient Staphylococcus aureus as the aetiological agent of "abscess
      disease".

PMID- 4050207
TI  - Epidemiological evaluation of external parasites in cattle from the Brazilian
      Cerrados and the Colombian Eastern Plains.

PMID- 4050208
TI  - [Use of laser-induced mass spectrometry for characterizing dust particles in the
      air of animal houses].

PMID- 4050209
TI  - Survival of contagious equine metritis organisms (CEMO) in different transport
      media as influenced by storage time, temperature and contaminating flora.

PMID- 4050210
TI  - The ultrastructure of peste des petits ruminants virus.

PMID- 4050211
TI  - [Role of the brain neurochemical systems in altering the reactivity of the
      hypophyseal-adrenal system in the gray rat selected for behavior].
AB  - Studies have been made of the interrelationship between brain monoaminergic
      system and pituitary-adrenal function in two groups of the grey rat Rattus
      norvegicus Berk. One group consisted of non-aggressive rats selected for lack of
      agonism towards experimentator, the other one included aggressive animals.
      Domesticated animals exhibited the decreased reaction of the pituitary
      adrenocortical complex to emotional stress as well as the decreased response of
      the endocrine system during stimulation of noradrenaline or serotonin mechanisms
      of the brain. In addition, noradrenaline and serotonin content of the brain
      decreased in domesticated rats during emotional stress to a lower extent, as
      compared to that in aggressive ones. Therefore, one of the sources of
      correlational changes in the activity of the pituitary-adrenocortical complex
      during selection for domesticated behaviour is the effect of selection on
      neurochemical, in particular monoaminergic systems of the brain.

PMID- 4050212
TI  - [Sequential pattern of the propagation of excitation in the heart of the sheep
      Ovis brachyurae].
AB  - With the aid of intramural multipolar technique, the earliest focus of the
      depolarization is revealed in the myocard thickness of the cranioventral region
      of the right atrium of the sheep. From there the depolarization wave with a saw
      edged front is spread along the thickness of the atria. The chronotopography of
      the intramural activation wave front shows a more complicated picture of the
      atrial excitation than a smiply radial one. Apparently it is connected with the
      presence of the atrial conduction system. The main mass of myocardium of free
      ventricle walls and the lower two thirds of the septum are activated by means of
      multifocal depolarization. The base third of the septum is the last to be
      activated. These features of excitation of the ovine ventricle myocardium can be
      explained by special character of distribution of the Purkinje fibers in
      myocardium ventricles.

PMID- 4050213
TI  - [Effect of hindbrain structures on autogenous periodic motor activity in the rat
      pup].
AB  - Experiments were performed in order to investigate whether the capacity of
      periodic motor excitation in rats during early postnatal life is the intrinsic
      feature of immature spinal cord or it is caused by supraspinal input. It was
      shown that after low spinal cord transection, birsts of periodic activity can
      still be obtained in m. gastrocnemius but their duration and amplitude are
      significantly reduced. After brain stem transection at intercollicular level,
      this type of activity remains unchanged or slightly increased. It was concluded
      that periodic motor excitation is due to the spinal mechanisms but bulbo-spinal
      facilitative influences are necessary for normal intensity of autogenic activity.

PMID- 4050214
TI  - [Development of the taste buds in rat embryogenesis].
AB  - Electron microscopic studies have been made on the developing taste buds in
      fungiform and vallate papillae of prenatal rats. Three stages of differentiation
      of these buds are described. The first stage is characterized by presence of the
      nervous fibers in the connective tissue of the papillae and dense granules of
      various size, as well as dense-cored vesicles (500-700 A in diameter) in the
      basal parts of some epithelial cells at the top of the papillae (16-17th days of
      gestation). The second stage is characterized by nerve processes entering the
      epithelium and by formation of afferent synaptic contacts between the
      differentiating epithelial cells and the nervous fibers (19th day of gestation).
      At the third stage, the cluster of differentiating epithelial cells attains a
      form which is similar to mature taste buds (21-22nd days of gestation). Thus, to
      the birthday of rats, differentiation of the basal parts of the taste buds takes
      place, whereas the apical parts of the taste buds remain undeveloped and do not
      communicate with the oral cavity. Peculiarities of fine structure of
      differentiating epithelial cells at the three stages are discussed.

PMID- 4050215
TI  - [DNA content of the mitochondria of the developing rat brain].
AB  - Studies have been made on the content of DNA in the mitochondria from the brain
      of 1, 5, 10, 15, 21, 60, and 400 days old rats. Isolated DNA preparations
      contained 7% of RNA and 3% of proteins. It was shown that the amount of DNA in 21
      and 60-day rats is 4 times higher that than in newborn ones. DNA content of the
      mitochondria increases during the first 3 weeks of postnatal life of rats.

PMID- 4050216
TI  - [Distribution of enterobacteria in man and small mammals].
AB  - The species composition of the most common enterobacteria isolated from the
      intestine of 825 patients with intestinal dysbacteriosis and 292 small mammals of
      different species is compared.

PMID- 4050217
TI  - [Role of A cells in the mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes by Mycoplasma].
AB  - The dependence of the blast transformation of lymphocytes in response to
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) and Mycoplasma arthritidis on
      the concentration of A-cells and the time of the introduction of M. arthritidis
      into the culture was studied. The level of blast transformation in response to
      PHA, Con A and M. arthritidis increased with the decrease of the concentration of
      A-cells in the culture. After the combined inoculation of the culture with M.
      arthritidis and PHA the resulting effect was higher than that induced by PHA
      alone and lower than the level of blast transformation in response to M.
      arthritidis at all A-cell concentrations under study. After the combined
      inoculation of M. arthritidis and Con A the summation of response was observed in
      cultures with a high concentration of A-cells, while in cultures with a low
      concentration of A-cells the resulting response was lower than that induced by
      any of these mitogens alone. The inoculation of the culture with M. arthritidis
      24-48 hours after the cultivation of splenocytes with PHA and Con A was started
      led to the suppression of response to the mitogens. The suppression of response
      to PHA was most pronounced at the maximum concentration of A-cells, while the
      suppression of response to Con A reached its highest level when the concentration
      of A-cells was low. These data are in accord with the suggestion that M.
      arthritidis and PHA, as well as M. arthritidis and Con A, stimulated the
      overlapping subpopulations of lymphocytes in rats, the adhesive properties being
      most pronounced in the subpopulation of PHA- and M. arthritidis-positive
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 4050218
TI  - [Comparative study of the sensitizing activity of heterologous serum
      preparations].
AB  - Experiments on guinea pigs and adrenalectomized mice showed that the
      anaphylactogenic properties xenogenic immunoglobulin preparations were 2- to 2.5
      fold higher than those of antitoxic sera "Diaferm-3". The partial acid-enzymatic
      hydrolysis of immunoglobulin preparations obtained by ethanol fractionation
      permitted a considerable decrease in their sensitizing activity and
      anticomplementary properties.

PMID- 4050219
TI  - [Neutrophil-stimulating activity of staphylococci based on reactive
      chemiluminescence data].
AB  - The neutrophil-stimulating properties of 38 S. aureus strains and 32 S.
      epidermidis strains were studied in the reaction of luminol-mediated
      chemiluminescence. All S. aureus strains and 29 S. epidermidis strains were found
      to possess neutrophil-stimulating activity, the mean activity index for S. aureus
      being significantly higher. The stimulating activity of the strains varied within
      a wide range (the variation coefficient was 120.0 +/- 21.9%) and did not
      correlate with the content of protein A in bacterial cells and the degree of
      their hydrophoby. The opsonization of staphylococci with normal human serum
      enhanced the neutrophil reaction 1.5- to 100-fold and simultaneously leveled out
      the chemiluminescence indices in experiments with different strains (the
      variation coefficient was 8.0 +/- 1.5%). The nature of the neutrophil-stimulating
      effect of staphylococci and its relationship to the exploratory reactions of
      phagocytes are discussed.

PMID- 4050220
TI  - [Effect of pertussis vaccine on the functional activity of the peritoneal and
      splenic macrophages in 2 mouse strains genetically differing by the intensity of
      their immune response].
AB  - The immunostimulating effect of corpuscular pertussis vaccine on the antigen
      presenting and bactericidal functions of peritoneal and splenic macrophages in
      CBA and C57BL/6 mice, differing in the intensity of immune response to sheep red
      blood cells and Salmonella typhimurium, has been studied. The study has revealed
      that the injection of pertussis vaccine alters the functional activity of the
      cells under study, the effect depending on the immunizing dose, the strain of
      mice and the time elapsed from the moment of immunization. Pertussis vaccine
      enhances the low capacity of macrophages for antigen presentation in C57BL/6 mice
      with low responsiveness and alters the resistance of peritoneal and splenic
      macrophages to the cytopathic action of salmonellae.

PMID- 4050222
TI  - [Criteria for the activity of the pathologic process in multiple sclerosis
      (clinico-computer tomographic correlations)].
AB  - Eight patients with the clinical signs of disease exacerbation were examined
      using computer-aided tomography of the head with contrast intensification. In 4
      patients with a clinical aggravation expressed in the appearance of new
      neurological symptoms the authors obtained an effect of contrast intensification.
      Routine examination of the zones of the white substance revealed drug
      accumulation in the zones of both subnormal and normal density. There was no drug
      cumulation in 4 patients whose clinical aggravation was connected with the
      previous neurological symptomatology. The data obtained are discussed.

PMID- 4050221
TI  - [Serum and secretory immunoglobulins in allergic diseases].
AB  - A total of 158 patients with pollinosis, bronchial asthma, urticaria and
      Quincke's edema were examined. The immunoglobulin and C3 levels in sera and the
      immunoglobulin and albumin levels in saliva were determined by the method of
      single radial immunodiffusion with the corresponding monospecific antisera. In
      all the groups of patients subjected to examination the presence of polyclonal
      hypergammaglobulinemia was detected, which was manifested by a rise in the levels
      of IgG, IgA and especially IgM; the level of IgD was low. A decrease in the level
      of C3 was detected in pollinosis patients in the absence of the exacerbation of
      the disease. No circulating immune complexes were detected. An essential increase
      in the level of IgG in saliva was revealed, which was due to the local synthesis
      of this immunoglobulin. In winter the level of salivary IgA in pollinosis
      patients was found to be essentially below normal, but at the period of
      exacerbation it increased twofold, probably in response to local stimulation with
      antigen-allergen. Patients with bronchial asthma and pollinosis were found to
      have a high level of free secretory component (SC); in pollinosis the level of
      free SC sharply increased during the stage of exacerbation, which was due to the
      increase of its synthesis and secretion by the epithelial cells of the mucous
      membranes. The importance of these data for the pathogenesis of allergic diseases
      are discussed.

PMID- 4050223
TI  - [Use of polyamine in the complex treatment of multiple sclerosis].
AB  - Free amino acids were studied in the blood plasma of 37 patients with multiple
      sclerosis with different variants of its course. Hypoaminoacidemia and
      disaminoacidemia in all the patients justified the conduction of the corrective
      treatment with the Soviet drug polyamine manufactured from balanced crystalline
      amino acids. The results of treatment of 21 patients with multiple sclerosis are
      presented. Normalization of the metabolism of free amino acids correlated with
      the clinical improvement of the patients's status.

PMID- 4050224
TI  - [Relation between features of the recovery of motor functions in patients with
      ischemic strokes and the site and extent of lesion focus].
AB  - The nature and degree of motor disorders, the degree and rate of recovery were
      shown to be more dependent on the localization than on the size of the cerebral
      infarction specified by computer-aided tomography of the drain. Localization of
      infarct in the posterior femur of the internal capsule proved the least
      favourable with regard to the recovery of motor functions.

PMID- 4050225
TI  - [Recovery of motor function disorders in patients of different ages with infarct
      foci in the cerebral hemispheres (clinico-computer-tomographic correlation)].
AB  - To determine the possible role of age in motor rehabilitation, the authors
      compared the degree of restoration of impaired motor functions in patients of
      different age groups with infarction foci in the large hemispheres of the brain.
      Localization and size of post-ischemic changes in the cerebral substance were
      assessed by computer-aided tomography. By the end of the late rehabilitative
      period. (12 months after the development of infarction), there were no
      statistically significant differences between the degree of recovery of impaired
      motor possibilities. Most important for recovery seems to be an intactness of
      functionally significant structures, especially of the posterior femur of the
      internal capsule.

PMID- 4050226
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of patients in the acute period of a subarachnoid
      hemorrhage as a result of rupture of arterial aneurysms of the brain].
AB  - The authors suggest a complex of measures for examination of patients with
      subarachnoidal hemorrhage (SAH), which makes it possible to elucidate the genesis
      of the hemorrhage and to decide on the tactics of treatment within the first
      hours after the stroke. They prove the necessity of hospitalization or transfer
      of patients with SAH to neurosurgical departments as well as of surgery in the
      acute stage of aneurysmal rupture.

PMID- 4050227
TI  - [Roentgenologic diagnosis of cerebral concussion].
AB  - The article presents the findings of computer-aided tomography in 6 patients with
      brain concussion. In 27% of the cases the symptom-complex was accompanied by the
      development of brain plethora or hydrocephalus which was reflected in changes in
      the cerebral and densitometry characteristics. The objective nature of such
      changes was confirmed by the factorial analysis of the computer-aided tomographic
      and clinical symptoms as well as the presence of correlation between them. The
      authors has devised a linear regression model of the expected mean roentgen
      density of the white matter with regard to the degree of its atrophy. It has been
      shown that computer-aided tomography provides the possibility of identifying the
      pathological changes that develop following a mild craniocerebral injury and of
      predicting the outcome of their pathogenetic therapy.

PMID- 4050228
TI  - [Echoencephalographic diagnosis of extracerebral tumors located basally].
AB  - A total of 118 patients with tumours of extracerebral, and basal localization
      were examined. The simplicity and information content of multi-axial
      echoencephalography were demonstrated and the significance of the echographic
      signs for an earlier topical diagnosis of extracerebral basal tumours was
      analyzed. It is observed that the method employed well correlates with other
      research methods, supplements them and contributes to early diagnosis of
      extracerebral tumours of basal localization.

PMID- 4050229
TI  - [Dynamics of various electrophysiologic indices in patients with mild acute
      closed craniocerebral injuries during complex treatment using reflexotherapy].
AB  - An analysis of 117 cases of acute closed craniocerebral trauma (CCCT) of a mild
      degree, the time-course of the EEG, EchoEG and REG findings in the process of
      treatment has shown that mild CCCT was expressed clinically in CSF hypertension,
      as well as vegetovascular and asthenoneurotic syndromes. The detection at the
      early stages of the injury of the leading clinical syndrome contributes to the
      conduction of purposeful therapeutic measures. A positive time-course of some
      electrophysiological parameters indicates the normalization of vegetovascular
      dysfunctions under the impact of acupuncture, which permits the use of this
      method in the multiple modality treatment of CCCT in the acute period.

PMID- 4050230
TI  - [Clinical picture and treatment of odontogenic lesions of the trigeminal nerve
      system].
AB  - Eighty-six patients with odontogenic lesions to the trigeminal nerve were
      examined in a neurostomalogical department. The authors describe the clinical
      manifestations and the pathogenetic treatment of such lesions.

PMID- 4050231
TI  - [Population patterns in the development and course of endogenous psychoses as a
      reflection of their pathogenesis].
AB  - An analysis of a representative epidemiological sample of patients with endogenic
      psychoses (schizophrenia and MDP) revealed statistical distribution of some
      parameters of the disease (risk of the development of the disease in relation to
      age, a number of previous attacks, as well as distribution of patients by the
      duration of paroxysms and remissions). The authors believe that a collation of
      the tabulated data with the known mathematical models makes it possible to come
      to understanding some aspects of the pathogenesis of endogenic psychoses.

PMID- 4050232
TI  - [Clinico-genealogic study of schizophrenia with a predominantly obsessive
      course].
AB  - A clinico-genealogic study of 66 patients with neurosis-like schizophrenia showed
      a certain genetic heterogeneity of schizophrenia with obsessions. In cases of an
      unfavourable course of the schizophrenic process in a proband (a malignant
      disease of obsessions), the familial background was largely determined by
      disturbances of the schizophrenic spectrum. In cases of a slow progression of the
      disease (slowly progressive pseudoneurotic schizophrenia), the hereditary
      background was characterized by a great variability of psychopathological
      manifestations. Along with schizophrenia-related abnormalities, the families of
      such patients featured the accumulation of constitutional anomalies, neurotic
      disturbances and subclinical affective disorders.

PMID- 4050233
TI  - [Clinico-psychopathologic varieties of the acute Kandinsky-Clerambault syndrome
      in schizophrenia].
AB  - Acute cases of the Kandinsky-Clerambault syndrome first manifested in adulthood
      were studied in schizophrenic patients. On the basis of the clinical mechanisms
      of the development of psychosis and the specific features of acute delirious
      disturbances in the structure of psychosis 3 clinical variants of the acute
      syndrome of psychic automatism were identified: developing according to the type
      of reaction in the structure of acute paranoid (the first variant), according to
      the regularities of endogenic paroxysm in the picture of acute sensory delirium
      (the second variant) and according to the mechanism of exacerbation of chronic
      delirium entering the structure of acute interpretative delirium (the third
      variant).

PMID- 4050234
TI  - [Various results of an epidemiologic study of paranoid schizophrenia].
AB  - The time-course of delirious syndromes was analyzed statistically in a
      representative group of the randomized patients' population from 3 districts of a
      city. Depending on patients' sex, their age at the initiation of psychoses and
      the duration of the disease, there was a different frequency of paranoiac,
      paranoid, hallucinational-paranoid and paraphrenic syndromes in the course of
      paranoid schizophrenia. Along with the identification of the general tendency to
      the complication of delirious syndromes, there was stabilization of psychotic
      process at the level of any of the aforementioned delirious syndromes. A study of
      the ordinal number of the appearance of delirious syndromes in the course of
      paranoid schizophrenia showed the possibility of a mere change of the syndrome
      unattended by a decrease in the level of the patients' social and employment
      related adaptation. At the same time, a reduction in the latter's level could
      take place upon stabilization of the psychotic process at the level of one or
      another delirious syndrome.

PMID- 4050235
TI  - [Levels of clinical adaptation among schizophrenic patients with a paroxysmal
      course].
AB  - The term "adaptation" is considered as a process of biological and social
      adjustment of a schizophrenic to the conditions of his life and activity altered
      as a result of his disease. During follow up study of 266 patients with
      paroxysmal schizophrenia, the authors made attempts to give a clinical assessment
      of adaptation. Levels of clinical adaptation and criteria of their identification
      are described. The authors show a possibility of using the specified levels for
      studying clinico-social correlations of adaptation and developing its typology.

PMID- 4050236
TI  - [Social-work adaptation of patients with sluggish schizophrenia in the late
      stages of the course of the disease (according to the results of a clinico
      epidemiologic study)].
AB  - The author presents the results of a clinico-epidemiological examination covering
      156 patients with slowly progressive schizophrenia of long standing (over 10
      years), who had fallen ill in adolescence. The parameters of the social and
      occupational adaptation of the patients with slowly progressive schizophrenia
      studied at the late stages of the disease included the educational level,
      qualification, the presence or absence of disability and the adaptation to the
      life in the family and to everyday household routine. The study has shown that
      patients with slowly progressive schizophrenia possess considerable
      potentialities with regard to social and occupational readaptation. This points
      to the need of developing the most effective social measures adequate for
      patients with slowly progressive schizophrenia (recommendations for the
      continuation of education in different training establishments, elaboration of
      the basic principles of familial psychotherapy).

PMID- 4050238
TI  - [Adaptation to neuroleptic preparations and several ways of combatting it
      (experimental study)].
AB  - To study the possible mechanisms of the formation of secondary therapeutic
      resistance, the author carried out a chronic experiment on animals which were
      administered different doses of a neuroleptic (haloperidol) for 20 days. The
      neuroleptic effect of the drug was shown to significantly decrease following
      prolonged administration. It was found that upon the first administration of
      haloperidol mice developed marked catalepsy 2 hours after administration. In
      conditions of a prolonged administration of the drug its cataleptogenic action
      was observed to diminish by the 20th day. Diminution of catalepsy was explained
      by a decrease of the blocking effect of the neuroleptic on the dopamine system.
      Change in the function of dopamine receptors (zigzag administration of
      haloperidol or administration of the drug simultaneously with apomorphine) was
      found to restore the cataleptogenic properties of the neuroleptic. The data
      obtained were used in the treatment of 47 patients with paranoid schizophrenia
      who developed resistance to pharmacotherapy.

PMID- 4050237
TI  - [Epidemiologic analysis of a contingent of patients with psychoses who applied
      for emergency psychiatric services in Ethiopia].
AB  - A clinico-statistical analysis covers 825 psychotic patients who applied to the
      Amanuel mental hospital in Addis-Abeba over the first 3 months of 1983. The
      population of patients had the following characteristics associated with cultural
      factors: a considerable predominance of males, a dramatic reduction in the number
      of both male and female patients with an increasing distance between their place
      of residence and the hospital, a large percentage of non-working individuals,
      single men and divorced women. Among the entire number of mental patients primary
      patients constituted 67.1%; 42.9% of all patients were hospitalized. A total of
      6.7% of patients could not be hospitalized because of overcrowding in the
      hospital. As regards diagnoses, the patients were distributed in the following
      way: schizophrenia 46.1%, reactive psychoses 19%, intoxicational 15.6%, organic
      3.9%, involutional 2.8%, senile 2.5%, epileptic 2.3%, manic-depressive 2.1%,
      unspecified psychoses 4.8%. The identified characteristics of the local
      psychopathology in Ethiopia are discussed.

PMID- 4050239
TI  - [Use of sodium hydroxybutyrate in the treatment of narcolepsy].
AB  - The action of sodium hydroxybutyrate, a GABA derivative, was examined in 11
      patients with narcolepsy. A two-week course of therapy was evaluated using
      clinical and electrophysiological research methods including polygraphic
      examination of night sleep. The use of the drug was associated with improvement
      in the patients' nocturnal sleep attended by an increase in the IV stage of the
      slow sleep phase, synchronizing shifts on the EEG in the period of diurnal
      wakefulness and a decrease in the initial emotional tension. To correct night
      sleep disturbances, it is advisable to include sodium hydroxybutyrate into a
      multimodality treatment of narcolepsy.

PMID- 4050240
TI  - [Causes of death of alcoholics].
AB  - An analysis of the representative material revealed a high rate of mortality
      among alcoholics, which was much higher than the similar rate among sex- and age
      matched control subjects. The leading causes of death were accidents, injuries,
      poisoning, cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms. Other causes of mortality
      include suicide, liver cirrhosis and lung tuberculosis.

PMID- 4050241
TI  - [Principal results and prospects of the WHO program for biological psychiatry
      (review)].

PMID- 4050242
TI  - [Fibrinolytic activity of cerebrospinal fluid as an indicator of the risk of
      repeated ruptures of arterial aneurysms].
AB  - The fibrinolytic activity of the cerebrospinal fluid and common venous blood flow
      was studied in 28 patients with ruptured aneurysms of cerebral arteries.
      Recurrent hemorrhage from the aneurysm was encountered in 8 of 11 patients with
      increased fibrinolytic activity of the cerebrospinal fluid but in none of the
      patients with absence of fibrinolysis in the cerebrospinal fluid. At the same
      time, intensified fibrinolytic activity was found in the common venous blood
      flow. It is suggested that the lysis of the clot at the site of the rupture of
      the aneurysmal sac is due to local fibrinolysis in the cerebrospinal fluid.
      Arterial spasm was detected in most patients with increased fibrinolysis in the
      fluid, and the severity of the general condition was graded III-V after Hunt and
      Hess.

PMID- 4050243
TI  - [Arteriosinus anastomoses of the posterior cranial fossa (pathologic anatomy)].
AB  - Postmortem examination of the brain of 10 patients with occipito-sinus
      anastomoses showed that the morphological basis of this vascular pathology is an
      anatomical developmental defect of vessels of the system of the external and
      internal carotid arteries and dura mater sinuses with disturbed histological
      structure of their walls. Severe abnormality of calcium metabolism of the type of
      systemic calciphilaxis with involvement of the brain and viscera is encountered
      simultaneously in some cases. The combination of these pathological processes
      leads finally to gradually increasing circulatory disorders, brain hypoxia, and
      severe damage to the brain matter.

PMID- 4050244
TI  - [Tentoriotomy in severe craniocerebral injuries].
AB  - The results of surgical treatment of 110 patients with severe craniocerebral
      trauma and acute midbrain dislocation syndrome are discussed. The principal
      operation for removal of the injured site (hematoma or focus of brain crushing)
      was supplemented in all cases by mildly injurious tentoriotomy. As a result,
      lethality in the group of patients subjected to tentoriotomy decreased. Criteria
      (clinical, electrophysiological, and angiographic) are characterized on the basis
      of which the indications for tentoriotomy in craniocerebral trauma are
      determined.

PMID- 4050245
TI  - [Predicting the outcome of nerve suture].
AB  - The late results of nerve suture were studied in 398 patients with injury of one
      or more nerves and coding cards containing formalized data of the primary
      examination of the patients and the operative data were filled in. After
      mathematical processing of these data on an electronic computer (CBM-6000) using
      the linear regression method, 4 formulas were obtained from which a physician
      practicing in any field of medicine can prognosticate in 5-7 min the degree of
      restoration of the limb function and the working rehabilitation of individuals
      who had suffered injury of the nerves.

PMID- 4050246
TI  - [Anterior spondylodesis in osteoblastoclastoma of vertebra CIII with a spinal
      cord compression syndrome].

PMID- 4050247
TI  - [Brain hernia as a complication of surgery on the ear].

PMID- 4050248
TI  - [Effect of extra-intracranial microvascular anastomoses on the evolution of
      stenoses in the internal carotid artery system].
AB  - Clinical and angiographic examination of 20 patients with stenoses in the system
      of the internal carotid artery before and after operations for the formation of
      extra-intracranial microvascular anastomoses (EICMA), and during EICMA
      functioning demonstrated the evolution of the stenoses. It was characterized both
      by their increase (even up to the occurrence of thrombosis) and by their
      regression. No evolution of the stenoses occurred when EICMA failed to function.
      The character of evolution of the stenosis was determined by its localization.
      The trend of the evolution was dependent on the etiology of the stenosis. The
      degree of EICMA functioning differed and was determined by the character of
      stenosis evolution. With the development of stenosis into thrombosis, the
      neurological symptom complex was characterized both by marked augmentation
      followed by regression as well as by the absence of any changes or positive
      dynamics of the neurological changes.

PMID- 4050249
TI  - [Past, present and future of mechanical sutures in digestive system surgery].

PMID- 4050250
TI  - [The treatment of gastroesophageal reflux using the Kaunitz technic].
AB  - The Kaunitz' procedure in the surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux
      associated with a hiatal hernia. In patients with pathological gastroesophageal
      reflux associated with a hiatal hernia, simple repositioning of the lower
      esophageal sphincter (L.E.S.) without fundoplication can restore the competence
      of the L.E.S., provided there is adequate mobilisation of the esophagus and
      fixation to strong tissues. The procedure proposed by Kaunitz consists of a left
      thoracotomy, with fixation of the gastroesophageal junction to the diaphragm. In
      the period May 74-May 83 we performed the procedure on 85 patients. There was no
      operative mortality and a low early complication rate. All but one patient showed
      a good repositioning on the postoperative barium swallow and improved
      dramatically, with complete cessation of reflux symptoms. Seventy-eight patients
      (92,8%) are followed up regularly by means of a standard questionnaire, barium
      swallow and esophagoscopy. At this stage of the study, with follow-up periods
      ranging from 6 months to 9 years, 65 patients (83,3%) show an excellent result,
      six (7,7%) are greatly improved, with disappearance of the preoperatively
      existing esophagitis, but keep some mild residual reflux symptoms. In one patient
      repositioning was impossible. Six recurrences were noted, four of them in
      patients operated during the early period of our experience with the Kaunitz
      technique. This simple and effective procedure is a valuable alternative in the
      surgical treatment of pathological gastroesophageal reflux.

PMID- 4050251
TI  - [Occlusive syndrome, ectopic spleen and malaria. Apropos of a case report].
AB  - Ectopic spleen, malaria, torsion. A case report. Ectopy of the spleen is rare and
      the diagnosis remains difficult. Its clinical expression is caused by torsion of
      the vascular pedicle. The diagnosis is made incidentally during exploratory
      laparotomy. Such a case is presented. We suggest that torsion of the splenic
      vascular pedicle was caused by rotation of a very large, malaria infested spleen.
      The only therapy is splenectomy.

PMID- 4050252
TI  - Endometriosis of the appendix.
AB  - Endometriosis has been encountered in different sites of the gastrointestinal
      tract. Involvement of the vermiform appendix, however, is rather unusual. Two
      cases of appendiceal endometriosis are reported in the present study: one patient
      had symptoms simulating acute appendicitis; in another patient it was an
      incidental finding during pelvic surgery. There are no clinical signs and
      findings pathognomonic of endometriosis of the appendix, but the condition may
      present as appendicitis. At surgery, the diagnosis can only be suspected when it
      is associated with obvious genital endometriosis. Correct diagnosis is
      established by microscopic examination of the lesion. Symptomatic endometriosis
      of the appendix will be cured by appendectomy.

PMID- 4050253
TI  - [The treatment of aorto-enteric fistulas. Remark apropos of 2 case reports].
AB  - Aorto-enteric fistulas: about two cases. In this paper, on the occurrence of two
      new cases records, we resume the current data of the publications about aorto
      enteric fistulas. We emphasize the symptomatology inasmuch the diagnostic
      approaches of primary and secondary aorto-enteric fistulas. The different ways of
      the operative treatment are discussed. The conclusion is extra-anatomic bypass
      associated with graft excision is currently the best therapeutic choice in case
      of secondary fistulas. About primary fistulas, the treatment is still
      controversial immediately by extra-anatomic bypass or arterial graft in situ and
      closure of the digestive fistula.

PMID- 4050254
TI  - Surgical treatment of echinococcal cyst of the right heart.
AB  - We report a rare case of hydatidosis of the right heart. Our young patient had
      know pulmonary hydatidosis and presented precordial chest pain, increasing
      dyspnea, cough and hemoptysis. Echocardiography, confirmed by angiocardiography
      delineated the right ventricular cyst. The operation was performed under extra
      corporal circulation (ECC), moderate hypothermia with cold cardioplegia. The
      echinococcal cyst was removed after local instillation of 0.5% silver nitrate
      solution. The postoperative course was uneventful.

PMID- 4050255
TI  - [Tissue decompression for the prevention of complications in fractures of the
      lower leg. A prospective study].
AB  - Short foot syndrome, a form of Volkmann contracture is a not so rare complication
      after fractures of the lower leg. Retrospectively we found this complication in
      5.1% of our patients. This severe complication is prevented by early fasciotomy
      for decompression of tissues. Prospectively we studied the results of
      prophylactic fasciotomy of all 4 muscle compartments of the lower leg in patients
      with tibial or crural fractures at risk. In the three year period from 1981 to
      1983 inclusive we treated 145 patients with 147 fractures of the lower leg.
      Fasciotomy was performed in 32 cases. In this period we saw only one patient with
      late sequellae of compartment syndrome. The technique of fasciotomy of all 4
      compartments by one parafibular incision is described. Morbidity and
      postoperative complications are minor.

PMID- 4050256
TI  - Principles of treatment and indications for surgery in severe multiple trauma.
AB  - Despite major advances, pitfalls in diagnosis and emergency treatment influence
      the survival chances of multitraumatized patients considerably. Diagnosis of
      traumatic shock cannot be made by blood pressure, pulse rate and shock index.
      Immediate shock therapy is indicated in all cases with severe trauma of two body
      regions, combined injury of one body cavity and long bone fractures and in all
      cases with one major thoracic or pelvic injury. In a consecutive series of 418
      multitrauma patients, extremity injuries were present in 90%, severe head
      injuries in 65%, major thoracic trauma in 50% and abdominal or pelvic injuries in
      40%. The most frequent pattern of multitrauma was long bone fractures with
      associated head trauma and one thoracic, abdominal or pelvic injury. Priorities
      of treatment are based on a 4-stage-schedule: Stage 1 includes intubation and
      hyperventilation for cerebral trauma, volume replacement by central venous
      catheter, emergency x-ray of cervical spine, chest, abdomen, pelvis and
      diagnostic peritoneal lavage. In 25% of admitted cases, diagnosis of abdominal
      hemorrhage was missed by the referring surgeon despite hemorrhagic shock, falsely
      attributed to cerebral trauma. At Stage 2, emergency surgery of internal and
      external bleeding is indicated. Wide open fractures are stabilized by external
      fixation. Stage 3 is concerned with stabilization of vital systems and further
      diagnostic evaluation, its duration varying from 2 hours to 2 days. At Stage 4,
      internal fixation of fractures and other non-emergency-operations are indicated.
      Operating time can be reduced considerably by 2 surgical teams operating
      simultaneously or overlapping. Early shock diagnosis, immediate intubation,
      ventilator treatment and the "4-stages-schedule" are considered the most
      successful steps in the management of multitrauma, as well as volume replacement
      with Fox' hypertonic saline solution and blood constituents instead of colloids.
      This has reduced mortality due to respiratory failure from 31% to 20%.

PMID- 4050257
TI  - [External fixator: treatment of choice in war traumatology].
AB  - External fixation: an appropriate treatment in war traumatology. Modern missiles
      cause important damage in the tissues. Apart from the presence of foreign bodies
      and of soil dirt in the site, the lesion is characterised by a certain
      instability, which is the result of the crushing and of the comminuted fractures
      as well as the lesion of the soft tissues. Delays during evacuation, unstable
      hospital facilities prohibit all forms of intrafocal osteosynthesis. If primary
      treatment determines the necessity of a large wound excision, of which the
      modalities have been described for centuries, it also improves a rigorous
      immobilisation of the site as only precaution against shock and infection. All
      techniques proposed during former conflicts prove that they are little adapted to
      the final goal. Their inadequacy can lead to amputation, at any rate to severe
      sequelae. In war traumatology, opposed to the shortcomings of non-operative
      methods and opposed to the prohibitions of intrafocal synthesis, external
      fixation is considered to be the best amongst compromises: they stabilise
      efficiently without being a risk, they retain the distance between bone fragments
      and prevent contracture of the muscles. They promote debridement of the wounds,
      they permit vascular repairs and control of the wounds, mobilisation of the
      limbs, they improve the injured's comfort and facilitate his evacuation. All
      types of external fixators can be used, but a number of military imperatives must
      be taken into account: fixing of the device must be easy to every user even with
      little training, a minimal number of parts must allow a maximal number of
      assemblies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4050258
TI  - A plate osteosynthesis for femoral shaft fractures in adults.
AB  - Between 1978 and 1982 154 femoral shaft fractures were treated in 145 adults in
      our department of general surgery and traumatology. 52 fractures were nailed
      intramedullary. We reserved the intramedullary nailing for ideal cases like the
      transverse and the short oblique fractures in the middle 3/5 of the shaft. 102
      fractures were treated by a dynamic compression plate applying the AO principles
      correctly. Condylar plates were not included in this study. 88 patients with 95
      FSF were followed up. In our prospective study a significant relationship was
      found between the types of fractures, the consolidation, the rehabilitation
      (including walking), the hospitalisation time and the full weight-bearing
      results. The prognosis for simple fractures was better than for comminuted
      fractures. Polytrauma patients showed a significantly slower limb rehabilitation,
      a longer hospitalisation and a worse clinical result than patients with isolated
      fractures. A significant relationship was shown between the mobility of the knee
      and the localisation of the fracture. In the beginning of our study we thought a
      delayed osteosynthesis (1-2 weeks) should lead to a faster consolidation but
      afterwards we didn't notice any significant difference with the early operation.
      General complications were restricted to one fat embolism. Important bone
      shortening (greater than or equal to 2 cm) was only measured 4 times (4.2%).
      Distinct rotation or angulation deformities were not observed. Bone infection
      occurred twice (2.1%). All but two of the 9 comminuted fractures healed within a
      year in spite of an initial delayed union.

PMID- 4050259
TI  - The operative treatment of tibial shaft fractures: a review of 277 cases.
AB  - From 1978 to 1982 two hundred and seventy seven consecutive fractures of the
      tibial shaft were treated in our centre of traumatic surgery. One hundred and
      fifty-three were closed fractures and one hundred and twenty-four open. Seven
      required amputations, eleven patients died to associated lesions. Twenty-one
      patients did not show up for the follow-up. The remainder two hundred and thirty
      eight patients were followed-up for an average time of nineteen months. In the
      closed fractures the rate of deep infection was 0.74 percent and the rate of non
      union was 1.48 percent. In the open fractures the rate of deep infection was 5.7
      percent. The end results were good in more than 90 percent of the closed and in
      more than 80 percent of the open fractures.

PMID- 4050260
TI  - [Leg fractures: choice of treatment according to type of fracture].
AB  - The authors report the experience of the Strasbourg Center of Orthopaedics and
      Traumatology (France). They analyse first a series of 104 tibial shaft fractures
      treated by dynamic casting according to Sarmiento's technique. Their conclusion
      show off therapeutic indications and contra-indications. Another series of 297
      tibial fractures treated by intramedullary locked nailing is presented with an
      analysis of all the complications and the means of avoiding them. The authors
      specify also the use of intramedullary nailing in the management of open
      fractures of the leg. Finally, they point out the indications for the external
      fixator in Strasbourg.

PMID- 4050261
TI  - [Radicality of surgery in primary malignoma of the lung].

PMID- 4050262
TI  - Surgical treatment of pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 4050263
TI  - [Stenoses and atresias of the duodenum].

PMID- 4050264
TI  - [The patency of arteries in the lower extremities after a longer postoperative
      period].

PMID- 4050265
TI  - [Removal of retained calculi from the choledochus].

PMID- 4050266
TI  - [Fracture of the acetabulum with femoral head protrusion treated with an external
      fixation apparatus using the AO method].

PMID- 4050267
TI  - [Tracheal resection for inflammatory polyps].

PMID- 4050268
TI  - [Etiology of Spieghel's hernia].

PMID- 4050269
TI  - [Intrahepatic lithiasis].

PMID- 4050270
TI  - Autologous splenic implantation in pigs. A comparison of two methods.
AB  - Two methods of autologous splenic implantation, with sliced or with minced
      splenic tissue, were compared in six pigs. The two procedures were carried out
      simultaneously in each pig and the splenic remnants were surgically removed three
      months later. These remnants were histomorphometrically quantified by point
      counting. Statistical analysis showed the mincing procedure to be significantly
      superior, since 33% of the originally implanted tissue remained, in contrast to
      21% of sliced, implanted tissue. At microscopy the tissue remaining after both
      procedures was in all cases indistinguishable from normal pig spleen. No necrotic
      splenic tissue was found. The authors conclude that minced tissue and omental
      pouch technique are preferable for autologous splenic implantation.

PMID- 4050271
TI  - Penetrating wounds of the neck. Experience from a Swedish hospital.
AB  - Stab wounds of the neck were retrospectively studied in 28 patients. Neck
      stabbings constituted 9% of all stab wounds recorded during the same period.
      Vascular injuries were most frequent, and the mortality rate was 14%. The
      management of neck stab wounds is discussed and three cases are presented to
      illustrate the difficulties and pitfalls. It is proposed that all wounds
      penetrating the platysma should be explored in general anaesthesia.

PMID- 4050272
TI  - Testicular torsion in children--bilateral or unilateral operation.
AB  - Between 1969 and 1984 65 children were operated on for testicular torsion. A
      follow-up study of 63 patients who underwent surgery for unilateral testicular
      torsion with fixation only on the affected side showed that no torsion occurred
      on the opposite nonfixated side and there was no retorsion during an observation
      period of an average of more than seven years. From our calculated risk for
      contralateral testicular torsion we suggest that bilateral fixation is not
      necessary in children who present with a unilateral testicular torsion.

PMID- 4050273
TI  - Ischaemic injury to the spinal cord as a complication to abdominal aortic
      surgery.
AB  - Three cases of paraplegia following abdominal aortic surgery is described. 55
      cases have been reported in the literature. 45 had an aortic aneurysm, 26 were
      ruptured, and 10 patients had occlusive arteriosclerotic disease. 31 patients had
      suffered from severe hypotension pre-, per- or postoperatively. The paraplegia is
      caused by spinal ischaemia caused by disruption of the blood supply to the
      anterior spinal artery. This consists in the abdomen mainly of one artery "the
      arteria radicularis magna". It is stated that the most important advice to avoid
      spinal ischaemia is to avoid hypotension pre-, per- and postoperatively.

PMID- 4050274
TI  - Correlation of angiographically determined reduction of vascular lumen with lower
      limb systolic pressures.
AB  - Angiographically determined reduction of vascular lumen was correlated with lower
      limb systolic pressure ratios in a series of 62 patients with intermittent
      claudication or suspected aneurysmal or vasospastic disease of the lower limbs.
      Statistically highly significant, though not particularly close, correlations
      were observed between the angiographic findings and the thigh-arm, calf-arm and
      ankle-arm pressure ratios (r = -0.732, -0.711 and -0.731, respectively). A
      mathematical model of the type employed in this study seems to be useful for
      correlating angiographic findings with systolic pressures in the lower limbs.

PMID- 4050275
TI  - Morbidity in diabetic and nondiabetic patients after abdominal surgery.
AB  - Morbidity after abdominal surgery was retrospectively investigated in 79 patients
      with diabetes mellitus and in 79 nondiabetic controls matched for type of surgery
      (biliary, gastric or colonic), sex, age, body weight and complicating
      cardiovascular disease. There were 20 complications (including 2 in each of 4
      patients) in the diabetic group and 18 (2 patients with 2 complications) among
      the controls, with no tendency to specific complications in the diabetics. The
      difference in complication rate was not statistically significant. The mean blood
      glucose level preoperatively and in the first four postoperative days did not
      differ significantly between the diabetics with and those without postoperative
      complications. The risk of overlooking (type II error) a 25% heightened
      complication rate among the diabetic patients was calculated to be less than 30%,
      and the risk of overlooking a 50% increase was less than 8%. The authors conclude
      that elective abdominal surgery in diabetic patients is not burdened by
      clinically significant increase of postoperative morbidity.

PMID- 4050276
TI  - Surgical treatment of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux recurring after hiatal
      hernia repair.
AB  - Experience of 30 cases with reoperation for recurrent symptoms after hiatal
      hernia repair is reported. The primary operation had been transabdominal in 21
      cases (11 simple cruroplasty, 7 Nissen, 3 Hill) and transthoracic in 9 (5
      Husfeldt, 4 simple cruroplasty). Stenosis and/or esophageal shortening were
      present in at least 8 patients at the primary operation. Symptoms recurred within
      a year in 26 of the 30 patients. A transthoracic approach was used for all
      reoperations. At the time of reoperation, 14 patients had no reflux complications
      or had esophagitis only. At follow-up (2-12 years) 13 were symptom-free and 1 was
      improved: X-ray showed hernia in one case and 3 had positive standard reflux
      test. Of the 16 patients with severe reflux complications before reoperation, 12
      had shortened esophagus, combined with stricture in 6 cases, and 4 had isolated
      stricture. The results were less satisfactory in this complicated group, though
      all were postoperatively improved. There was no operative mortality. Initial
      failure to recognize esophageal shortening and inadequate repair were common
      causes of recurrent hernia. Symptomatic relief after reoperation was comparable
      with that after primary repair.

PMID- 4050277
TI  - Bile flow before and after cholecystectomy: a study with 99mTc-HIDA.
AB  - Computer-assisted 99mTc-HIDA cholescintigraphy was performed before and after
      elective cholecystectomy in 24 patients. Preoperative cholecystography had shown
      gallstones in a well visualized gallbladder in 12 of the patients, and in 12 the
      gallbladder had not been visualized. Liver function tests gave normal results in
      all 24 patients, and peroperative cholangiography showed no common duct stones in
      any patient. In the series with functioning gallbladder, comparison of the
      preoperative and postoperative scintigrams showed that cholecystectomy was
      followed by significantly earlier visualization of the lower part of the common
      duct and of the duodenum. The number of times that passage of activity to the
      duodenum was observed also rose significantly. Comparison of the time-activity
      curves showed that after cholecystectomy the liver activity reached its maximum
      value significantly earlier post-injection as compared with the preoperative
      values. All of these changes were absent in the series with nonfunctioning
      gallbladder. Removal of a functioning gallbladder results in accelerated, though
      still irregular flow of activity to the duodenum.

PMID- 4050278
TI  - Follow-up of 102 patients operated on for gastrointestinal carcinoid.
AB  - A series of 102 patients with carcinoid tumor is reviewed. The sites of carcinoid
      were stomach (1 case), appendix (32), small intestine (57) and colon or rectum
      (12). The average age was 37 years in the patients with appendiceal carcinoid and
      62 years in the others. The mean observation time was 9.2 years in appendiceal
      carcinoid, and none of these patients died of the tumor. Among the patients with
      carcinoid in other sites, the 5-year survival rate was 65%. Only patients
      initially free from metastases were still alive after 12 years. Multiple
      synchronous carcinoid tumors were found in 14 cases, all of them men. The
      investigation illustrated the difficulties in preoperative diagnosis of
      carcinoid, including the small value of laboratory tests. A positive attitude to
      exploratory laparotomy is therefore recommended. When no or only a few lymph-node
      metastases are found at intendedly curative operation, a "second look"
      exploration six months after the primary operation will probably reveal any
      recurrence and can lead to radical removal of this slow-growing tumor. When
      distant metastases are present, the long-term outlook is poor. The reason why
      only men had multiple synchronous carcinoids was not clear from our study.

PMID- 4050279
TI  - Retroperitoneal fibrosis with large-vessel obstruction. An uncommon vascular
      disorder.
AB  - Five cases are presented in which retroperitoneal fibrosis had entrapped the
      inferior vena cava and/or aorta and caused occlusive vascular disease. The
      diagnosis was known preoperatively in two cases and was made at laparotomy in the
      others. The fibrosis in one case was caused by abdominal tuberculosis. In another
      case it was most probably secondary to an earlier trauma to the back. No cause
      could be established in the other three cases. CT scanning is valuable for
      identifying the lesion. Venous thrombectomy with arteriovenous fistula formation
      was successful in cases presenting with deep venous thrombosis.

PMID- 4050280
TI  - Splenic resection for benign cyst. A case report and technical comments.
AB  - A case of post-traumatic splenic cyst is presented. Reasons for splenic
      preservation and technical aspects of conservative surgery of the spleen are
      discussed.

PMID- 4050282
TI  - [The contribution of radiography to the study of defecation disorders].

PMID- 4050281
TI  - Perforated Barrett's ulcer with esophago-pleural fistala. A case report.
AB  - A case with a perforated Barrett's ulcer resulting in an esophagopleural fistula
      is described. The importance of recognizing esophageal disorders and
      catastrophies in the management of acute abdominal emergencies is emphasized.

PMID- 4050283
TI  - Electrophysiological investigation of pelvic floor disorders. Theoretical and
      practical aspects.

PMID- 4050284
TI  - [The contribution of manometry to the study of anorectal function].

PMID- 4050285
TI  - The saline continence test. Dynamic studies in faecal incontinence, haemorrhoids
      and the descending perineum syndrome.

PMID- 4050286
TI  - [Medical treatment of anorectal incontinence].

PMID- 4050287
TI  - [The contribution of surgery to the treatment of anal incontinence].

PMID- 4050288
TI  - Prune belly syndrome and heart defect in one of monozygotic twins, following
      exposure to Tigan and Bendectin.
AB  - One of twins was born with prune belly syndrome and congenital heart defect
      following exposure to Bendectin and Tigan. Red cell antigens and HLA typing were
      compatible with monozygosity. The possible associations of the prune belly
      syndrome to monozygotic twinning or to teratogenic agents is considered in light
      of this patient and review of the literature.

PMID- 4050289
TI  - A study of the influence of ovulation stimulants and oral contraception on twin
      births in England.
AB  - A study of 111 mothers of twins in Nottinghamshire, England, in 1981-82 showed
      that at least 12 had used ovulation stimulants, compared to 2 of 102 mothers of
      singletons. Thus, the use of ovulation stimulants increased the twinning rate of
      this population by about 10 percent; this may explain the recently noted
      levelling off in the secular decline in twinning rates. In contrast to a recent
      study in France, no association between twinning and prior use of oral
      contraceptives was seen.

PMID- 4050290
TI  - Possible linkage relationship between genetic markers and blood magnesium and
      zinc. A twin study.
AB  - In a sample of 63 like-sex dizygotic twins, red blood cell and plasma magnesium
      and red blood cell zinc concentrations were analyzed for linkage to each of 23
      genetic systems by estimating correlation between proportion of genes identical
      by descent and biological resemblance for the trait. The results suggest possible
      linkage of red blood cell magnesium with the HLA locus and of red blood cell zinc
      with the GLO1 locus. However, studies applying more powerful tests are needed to
      confirm such conclusions.

PMID- 4050291
TI  - TWINAN: twin data analysis program for microcomputers.
AB  - A BASIC computer program designed to facilitate analysis of twin data is
      presented. The program estimates genetic parameters and tests their statistical
      significance based on the genetic and environmental hypothesis.

PMID- 4050292
TI  - Multimethod assessment of temperament in twins: birth to six months.
AB  - The predictive relationship between neonatal behavior and temperament at 6 months
      was assessed in 62 pairs of twins. The neonatal assessment evaluated
      irritability, resistance to soothing, reactivity, and activity level across
      various activities. Temperament at 6 months was appraised by a laboratory
      assessment, ratings on the Infant Behavior Record, and a questionnaire completed
      by the mother. Examination for temperament consistency from the neonatal period
      to 6 months indicated that neonates rated by an examiner as irritable and
      difficult to soothe were reported by the mother to be more negative, irritable,
      and slower to adapt at 6 months; neonates rated as more irritable and active were
      more attentive and responsive during mental testing at 6 months; there was no
      relationship between the neonatal measures and the laboratory ratings, possibly
      reflecting methodological problems influenced by maturation and vegetative
      processes at 6 months. Analyses for patterns of concordance within the various
      data sets for MZ and DZ twins indicated that there was no pattern of differential
      concordance favoring MZ twins for the temperament measures at birth or at 6
      months. It was concluded that a modest predictive relationship between
      temperament variables had been demonstrated from birth to 6 months, but no
      specific genetic effects were detected at these early ages.

PMID- 4050293
TI  - Cotwin closeness in monozygotic and dizygotic twins: a biasing factor in IQ
      heritability analysis?
AB  - For 98 pairs of MZ twins, four measures indicating degree of cotwin closeness
      were correlated with absolute differences between IQ scores within pairs. In two
      different twin samples (40 MZ vs 40 DZ pairs and 169 MZ vs 174 DZ pairs,
      respectively), means and standard deviations in the closeness variables were
      obtained for MZ and DZ pairs. Whereas MZ cotwins were clearly closer than DZ
      cotwins, the relation between cotwin closeness and similarity in IQ seemed rather
      weak and ambiguous. "Years lived together in childhood home" were positively
      related to similarity in IQ (P less than 0.01), whereas subjective feeling of
      closeness in contact tended to be negatively related to similarity in IQ.

PMID- 4050294
TI  - Resting metabolic rate in monozygotic and dizygotic twins.
AB  - In order to study the influence of heredity on resting metabolic rate (RMR), 20
      monozygotic and 19 dizygotic male twins pairs aged 20.6 (SD 2.9) and 21.4 (SD
      3.1) years, gave their consent to participate in the experiment. Fat free weight
      (FFW) was estimated from underwater weighing. RMR was measured by indirect
      calorimetry using an open circuit system. RMR was expressed as kJ X min-1, kJ/m2
      X h-1, kJ/kg X h-1 and kJ/kgFFW X h-1. Significant intraclass coefficients were
      observed in MZ twins for the different expressions of RMR. The values ranged from
      r = 0.45 (P less than 0.05) to r = 0.81 (P less than 0.01). However, DZ twins
      demonstrated lower intraclass coefficients for RMR, with a range from r = 0.21 to
      r = 0.44. Significant (P less than 0.05) DZ resemblance was revealed only when
      RMR was expressed as kJ X min-1 and kJ/kg X h-1. Results of the present study
      suggest that variations in RMR may have a genetic component. Implications for
      human energy balance and body fat are discussed.

PMID- 4050295
TI  - Twin pregnancies: an 11-year review.
AB  - From 1971 to 1981, 16752 women were delivered at the University Women's Clinic in
      Heidelberg; 228 of these were twin pregnancies (1.36%). The relationships between
      sex, gestational age, birthweight, mortality, and fetal outcome were
      investigated. For the reason of grading, so-called chi 2 curves are used. These
      curves show the strength and the course of relationship between two parameters.
      Mortality of the twin (8.3%) depended on birthweight and on sex of the infant,
      but not on the mode of delivery. All twins were 'small-for-date' (25th weight
      percentile of single births). Starting at the 35th week of gestation, the
      increase in weight decelerated additionally. So, immaturity as well as twin
      related factors led to the high mortality rate for twins. Fetal outcome was
      evaluated in respect to the birthweight and to the delivery interval.

PMID- 4050296
TI  - Human placental lactogen and dU-estrogen levels in normal twin pregnancies.
AB  - Reference intervals for human placental lactogen (hPL) and dU-estrogens (dU-E) in
      uncomplicated twin pregnancies are found to be higher than singleton pregnancies
      and considerably wider. Significantly more monozygotic than dizygotic
      pregnancies, and significantly more monoplacental than diplacental pregnancies
      showed hPL values below the median on the normal range curve. The same was not
      found for dU-E. Significantly more growth-retarded fetuses were found in
      monoplacental than diplacental pregnancies. The benefit of measuring the two
      parameters in order to identify the intrauterine growth retarded fetuses were
      evaluated in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Both parameters were found
      less suitable for the purpose.

PMID- 4050297
TI  - Bed rest in twin pregnancy.
AB  - A total of 146 twin pregnancies were studied to evaluate the importance of bed
      rest. A significantly reduced frequency of preterm delivery was found after bed
      rest in hospital as compared to bed rest at home or no bed rest at all. An
      increase in gestational age and in birth weight was seen after bed rest. No
      effect was found on the intrauterine increase of fetal weight per time. Early
      routine ultrasound is recommended, so that effective bed rest may be instituted
      in due time.

PMID- 4050298
TI  - Disturbed intrauterine growth in twins: etiological aspects.
AB  - Factors presumed to influence intrauterine growth were analyzed among 192 twin
      pairs. Mean birthweight was considerably reduced compared to single pregnancies,
      and a high proportion of twins were growth retarded (12.4%). One fifth of the
      twin pairs presented an intrapair birthweight difference exceeding 20%. DZ twins
      were slightly heavier than the MZ, while dichorionic twins had a somewhat higher
      birthweight than the monochorionic. The intrapair weight differences were greater
      in twins with fused dichorionic placentae than in those with separate ones. The
      umbilical cord insertion seemed to influence intrauterine growth. Fetuses with
      velamentously or marginally inserted cords presented more frequently retarded
      growth than twins with centrally inserted umbilical cords. Though a total of 13
      cases of twin transfusion syndromes were observed, these were not characterized
      by great intrapair weight differences.

PMID- 4050299
TI  - Triplet gestation: maternal and neonatal implications.
AB  - Triplet pregnancy of over 20 weeks gestation occurred 20 times during 75,506
      deliveries at a referral hospital. Commonly occurring maternal complications
      included premature delivery (75%), antepartum anemia (35%), postpartum hemorrhage
      (35%), preeclampsia (20%), and premature spontaneous rupture of the membranes
      (20%). Malpresentation was common. Neonatal complications were also common and
      included respiratory distress syndrome (45%), presumptive sepsis (36.6%),
      hyperbilirubinemia (33%), and neonatal death (21.6%). These high complication
      rates emphasize the importance of early identification and referral center care
      for these vulnerable pregnancies.

PMID- 4050300
TI  - Twins with acardia and anencephaly.
AB  - The authors describe a pair of twins, one of whom showed acardia while the other
      had severe neural tube defect including anencephaly. This is the first
      observation of a fetal malformation (anencephaly) in the cotwin of an acardius
      and confirms the fact that even the cotwin of an acardiac fetus may be at risk of
      severe congenital malformations.

PMID- 4050301
TI  - Language disabilities in three twin pairs and their relatives.
AB  - Three pairs of monozygotic twins were ascertained during a general survey of
      language disabilities conducted among schoolchildren of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Two
      of them were concordant for dysgraphia, dysorthographia, dyslexia, and speech
      defects, while the other was concordant for dysorthographia and dyslexia, but
      discordant for dysgraphia. Two of the mothers and two sibs also presented
      language problems, but of a type that was not completely similar to those of the
      twins. Concomitant neurological and psychological studies, as well as the family
      histories, helped to understand the similarities and dissimilarities observed.

PMID- 4050302
TI  - Terminals of intralaminar thalamic neurons in the pallidum externum of Saimiri
      sciureus.
AB  - Stereotactic coagulations of intralaminar thalamic nuclei in 6 squirrel monkeys
      Saimiri sciureus produced dark degenerations only of type IV synapses in pallidum
      externum, according to the classification of Hassler and Chung often preserving
      the slightly asymmetric contact and subsynaptic densities. Other type IV boutons
      underwent semidark degeneration, whereas others showed crystalloid degeneration.
      Some of type IV boutons show the deposition of many dense core vesicles and
      mitochondria with loss of most synaptic vesicles. Enlarged type IV boutons are
      sometimes overcrowded with irregularly shaped lysosomes. Thus, a monosynaptic
      connections of intralaminar thalamic nuclei to pallidum externum could be
      demonstrated.

PMID- 4050303
TI  - Ultrastructure of secretory ameloblasts in puppies.
AB  - Four about 4-week-old puppies were fixed by perfusion; the secretory ameloblasts
      of the first molar tooth germs were observed with an electron microscope. The
      morphology of the puppy secretory ameloblast closely resembles that of man. In
      addition, the primary cilia and a pair of basal bodies were observed close to
      Golgi apparatus of the secretory ameloblast. Cytoplasmic microtubules radiated
      from the basal bodies. It is suggested that a pair of basal bodies may be the
      microtubule-organizing center of the secretory ameloblast. Further, melanocytes
      were present in the intermediate cell layer and aggregated melanosomes were
      present in the cytoplasm of both stratum intermedium cells and secretory
      ameloblasts.

PMID- 4050304
TI  - Variations in the method of the division of the hypoglossal canal in Sienese
      skulls of known age and sex.
AB  - In 300 Sienese skulls of known age and sex (146 male and 154 female) 6 modes of
      expression of bipartition of the hypoglossal canal were studied on the basis of a
      new scheme of notation that takes into account gradually increasing intensity.
      The analysis of data, including also the traditional method of notation confirms
      the criticisms expressed by various authors on the loss of information when the
      variability of this trait is neglected, especially with reference to age
      dependent changes (hyperostotic effects).

PMID- 4050305
TI  - Functional aspects of ano-rectal vascularity.
AB  - The blood supply of the ano-rectum has been studied in cadaveric specimens by
      angiographic methods. The vascular anastomosis between the middle rectal and
      superior rectal vessels was found to be demonstrable on one side only. There
      appears to be a midline paucity of vessels in both the posterior and anterior
      rectal walls, and this may be important in the aetiology of anastomotic
      dehiscence in low anterior resection.

PMID- 4050306
TI  - Evaluation of cranial bone suture autotransplants in the growing rabbit.
AB  - A coronal bone suture segment was autotransplanted into an experimentally created
      defect in the nongrowing portion of the nasal bone in 12 5-week-old male New
      Zealand white rabbits. The animals were sacrificed 90 days postoperatively. In
      most specimens the transplants were well incorporated into the recipient site.
      The transplanted sutures appeared narrower radiographically, and the bony
      projections of the sutures were not as long as those seen in control sutures. In
      each case the transplanted sutural ligament had atrophied, and six of the
      transplants showed bony union across the sutural space. The results suggest that
      growth and biomechanical stresses are important for maintenance of the sutural
      ligament and for the stimulation of bone deposition.

PMID- 4050307
TI  - A morphological comparison of aortic elastin from five species as seen with the
      scanning electron microscope.
AB  - The elastic laminae were extracted from thoracic aortas of adult animals
      including sheep, dogs, rabbits, cats and rats by treating them in hot alkaline
      solution (0.1 N NaOH at 75 degrees C) and observed with a scanning electron
      microscope. The elastic laminae are comprised of sheet-like internal elastic
      lamina, fibrous and membraneous elastin in tunica media, interlamellar fibers and
      hollow spaces which we presume were formerly filled with smooth muscle cells in
      the tunica media. These structures are the same in all five species except that
      the number of layers and the total thickness of the wall differs.

PMID- 4050308
TI  - Distribution of the secondary vestibular fibers in the cerebellar cortex. An
      autoradiographic study in the cat.
AB  - Autoradiography of tritiated leucine, injected into the vestibular nuclei in 20
      cats, was used to trace the projection of the secondary vestibular fibers in the
      cerebellum. The distribution of these fibers in the cerebellar cortex is
      described and discussed in relation to the findings from other experimental
      works.

PMID- 4050309
TI  - Blood vessel size of circulus arteriosus cerebri (circle of Willis): a
      statistical research on 100 human subjects.
AB  - The brain weight of 100 fresh cadavers of Italian subjects (60 males and 40
      females), aged between 17 and 84 years, was obtained and the corrected
      circumference of the following blood vessels was measured: basilar artery,
      internal carotid arteries, anterior and posterior cerebral arteries, and anterior
      and posterior communicating arteries. The cerebral 'potential flow' was expressed
      in each case by adding the circumference of the basilar artery to that of the
      internal carotid arteries. Moreover, the sides and the perimeter of the circle of
      Willis as well as the length of the basilar artery were calculated. The
      statistical analysis of the obtained data yielded the following main results: (1)
      the brain weight decreases with aging, is lower in females than in males and and
      is statistically correlated neither with the circumferences of the considered
      arteries and the 'potential flow' nor with the perimeter of the arterial polygon
      (circle of Willis); (2) the arteries of the left side appear to be larger than
      those of the right one; (3) no significant difference exists in the circumference
      and length of the arteries between males and females; (4) the increase of the
      perimeter of the arterial polygon is achieved by means of a harmonious increase
      of all its sides; (5) the anterior and posterior communicating arteries have an
      anarchic pattern, because of the relatively frequent anomalies and the lack of a
      correlation between their circumference and that of the vessel of origin or of
      outlet.

PMID- 4050310
TI  - An investigation of potential vascular connections between the kidney and the
      adrenal gland.
AB  - This study was conducted on two species of monkeys, Macaca fascicularis and
      Macaca mulatta, to determine if there were vascular connections between the
      kidney and other abdominal structures such as the adrenal glands. Microfil
      vascular perfusions, followed by microscopic observations and dissections, were
      utilized to investigate the existence of these potential connections. Highly
      anastomotic renal capsular vessels were always observed on the outer surface of
      the renal capsule. However, these capsular vessels did not make connections with
      the subcapsular capillary plexus in the majority of monkeys studied. Vascular
      connections between the adrenal gland and kidney were not observed. It was
      concluded that, although the region between the adrenal gland and kidney was rich
      in vasculature, it did not appear to play an anatomical role in anastomosing the
      extrarenal and intrarenal circulations.

PMID- 4050311
TI  - Sequential trigeminal sensory neuropathy.
AB  - In a patient presenting bilateral sensory neuropathy, sequential involvement of
      the two sides of the face with spontaneous recovery on the initially altered side
      is a peculiar feature which emphasizes the benign character of this unusual
      condition. Provided that repeated clinical evaluation discloses no underlying
      pathological process, sensory trigeminal neuropathy may be considered a self
      limited benign condition, comparable to Bell's palsy.

PMID- 4050312
TI  - [Psychometric studies in Friedreich's ataxia].
AB  - The literature contains few reports of investigations on the mental state of
      subjects with Friedreich's ataxia. Most are based on clinical findings and lead
      to differing conclusions. For some authors the neurological disease is associated
      with mental deficits of varying magnitude, for others the mental state of the
      patients is accompanied by any deficit. The authors discuss five cases and try to
      supplement clinical findings with a series of psychometric tests in three areas:
      intellectual efficiency, higher cortical functions and elements of personality.
      The clinical and psychometric results are summarized in a grid comprising the
      main psychopathological symptoms attached to cerebral organic suffering (psycho
      organic syndrome). Comparison of the results with medical data confirm that, in
      Friedreich's ataxia, there are no specific disorders characteristic of a psycho
      organic syndrome. Lastly, the authors discuss certain hypotheses (concerning
      methods used, precocious appearance of symptoms and reactions to the disease)
      which try to explain the divergence of conclusions reached in the literature for
      this type of study.

PMID- 4050313
TI  - A taxonomy of misnaming aphasiacs.
AB  - A cluster analysis, based upon the naming errors of 61 non-selected aphasiacs,
      was performed. Three clusters emerged; the first was marked by phonemic errors,
      the second by semantic ones and the third by the use of escape mechanisms.
      Subjects in the second cluster were less impaired; this could be a consequence of
      the disturbance type involved. Though many patients of first and third groups
      displayed a Wernicke aphasia, whereas Broca aphasia predominated in the second
      one, a concordance of clusters with aphasiologic diagnoses was far from
      excellent.

PMID- 4050314
TI  - Dural arteriovenous malformation involving the Galenic system and producing
      hydrocephalus.
AB  - The case of a man with a large arteriovenous malformation, fed by meningeal
      arteries and draining into the Galenic system is reported. Mental deterioration
      and gait ataxia were attributed to an associated noncommunicating hydrocephalus.
      The symptoms recurred two months after successful ventriculoatrial shunting.

PMID- 4050315
TI  - Effect of an analgesic drug (paralgin forte) upon laboratory pain under different
      cognitive manipulations: an experimental study.
AB  - The pain-reducing effects of paralgin forte (under double-blind conditions) were
      studied under 3 different experimental conditions: 1) neutral instructions;
      subjects were given some information about the kind of unpleasant experience/pain
      involved in the experiment, 2) positive instructions; subjects were informed that
      the experiment did not involve painful experiences, and 3) negative instructions;
      subjects were informed that the experiment involved relatively severe pain. Both
      positive and negative instructions produced significant pain-reducing effects.
      With regards to paralgin forte, neither pain-reducing effects nor significant
      differences between paralgin forte and placebo were found. There was no
      interaction effect between drug and instruction variables. It is concluded that
      the instruction factors were effective in pain reduction in this experiment.

PMID- 4050316
TI  - Subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (Leigh syndrome) associated with
      disturbed oxidation of pyruvate, malate and 2-oxoglutarate in muscle and liver.
AB  - We studied a 17-year-old girl with subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy
      (Leigh syndrome). Lactate and pyruvate levels were increased in serum and
      cerebrospinal fluid. The oxidation rates of all substrates tested, i.e. pyruvate
      in liver, and pyruvate, malate and 2-oxoglutarate in muscle, were decreased, as
      was the production of adenosine triphosphate plus creatine phosphate. Cytochrome
      content was normal. The data imply a defect in oxidative phosphorylation, outside
      the cytochrome region.

PMID- 4050317
TI  - Late onset multiple sclerosis. A clinical study of 16 pathologically proven
      cases.
AB  - In 70 pathologically proven MS cases, we found 16 cases with onset after 45. Sex
      ratio (3/1) was the same in the late onset cases and early onset control group.
      There was no positive family history of MS. The diagnosis was more frequently
      never considered in late onset cases (3/16) than in control cases (3/54). Mean
      duration of the disease was 8.6 +/- 6 years (8.1 +/- 6 in female patients). This
      was significantly shorter (P less than 0.05) than in the control group. In
      addition, in remittent-progressive courses and in progressive courses, it
      appeared that the duration of the disease was shorter in late onset MS - although
      this was not statistically significant. Progressive courses (8 cases) and acute
      courses (4 cases) were more frequent (P less than 0.05) than in control cases.
      Initial signs and symptoms were not significantly different from those of control
      cases. The length of the evolution of the disease was higher in cases with
      vestibular-cerebellar onset. New signs and symptoms occurred at the same rate in
      the late onset cases as in the control cases. Although motor, sensory and bladder
      disturbances were more frequent in the late onset cases than in the control
      cases, this was not statistically significant. Amyotrophy was more frequent in
      late onset MS; on the contrary optic neuritis, vestibulo-cerebellar disturbances
      and nystagmus were less frequent in late onset MS than in the control group (P
      less than 0.05).

PMID- 4050318
TI  - High levels of C3c in the cerebrospinal fluid from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
      patients.
AB  - A study of several parameters of the humoral immunity in the serum and the
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of thirteen Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
      patients was carried out. A significant increase in CSF C3c was shown. This
      feature was found to be significantly correlated to the CSF albumin/serum albumin
      ration (r = 0.70; p less than 0.05) and to the total CSF proteins (r = 0.86; p
      less than 0.01). The possible effect of the blood-brain barrier breakdown on the
      CSF complement levels was evaluated. On the basis of the recently found
      biochemical changes in ALS cell membranes it is proposed that the high levels of
      the CSF C3c may also be due to a defective binding to the lymphocytes C3
      receptors.

PMID- 4050319
TI  - The hot bath test in multiple sclerosis: comparison with visual evoked responses
      and oligoclonal bands.
AB  - We studied 50 patients with definite, probable, and possible multiple sclerosis
      (MS), prospectively (20 patients) and retrospectively (30 patients), to determine
      the value of the hot bath test for diagnosing MS and to compare it to visual
      evoked responses and oligoclonal bands. The hot bath test was abnormal in 8 of
      the 23 patients with definite MS (35%), and 4 of the 27 patients with probable or
      possible MS (15%). Only one patient with an abnormal hot bath test did not also
      have other evidence of definite multiple sclerosis. Our results suggest that the
      hot bath test seldom adds diagnostic information, especially when tests for
      evoked responses and oligoclonal bands are available.

PMID- 4050320
TI  - Febrile seizures in patients with complex partial seizures.
AB  - Febrile seizures occurred in 14 of 155 (9%) out-patients with complex partial
      seizures. Twelve patients had prolonged or recurrent febrile seizures, convulsive
      status epilepticus or a transient postictal neurological deficit. Febrile
      seizures were associated with perinatal abnormalities, an earlier onset of
      epilepsy and with a poor seizure control. Recurrent febrile seizures or those
      with complicating features are associated with an unfavourable therapeutic
      outcome in adult patients with complex partial seizures.

PMID- 4050322
TI  - Symposium on the blood-brain barrier. Official satellite symposium to the 12th
      International Symposium on Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. June 20-22, 1985,
      Copenhagen. Abstracts.

PMID- 4050321
TI  - Skeletal muscle changes in chronic alcoholic patients.

PMID- 4050323
TI  - Multiple sclerosis--more than one disease?
AB  - We have previously found an increase in prevalence and incidence of multiple
      sclerosis (MS) in the county of Hordaland, Western Norway. This study shows that
      the increase in incidence over a 30-year period is due to an increase of
      remittent and remittent/progressive MS. The incidence of the chronic progressive
      form of MS has remained stable during the same period. The two subgroups of MS
      also vary in symptomatology and age at onset. This suggests that MS has two
      different forms which behave differently when considered epidemiologically and
      clinically. The remitting and progressive forms may therefore each have a
      different etiology.

PMID- 4050324
TI  - Cyanide metabolism in motor neuron disease.
AB  - Cyanide concentrations in whole blood, saliva and urine were measured in 83
      patients with motor neuron disease (MND) and age-, sex-matched control subjects
      consisting of 62 patients with and 49 without neurological disorders. Cyanide
      levels in whole blood and urine of MND patients were significantly higher than
      the non-neurological control groups in smokers and non-smokers. Cyanide levels in
      whole blood of MND patients were also higher than the neurologic control group in
      smokers, but not in non-smokers. There was no significant difference between the
      cyanide level and either the clinical types or degree of disability of MND. The
      results suggest that MND patients possess a disorder in cyanide metabolism.

PMID- 4050325
TI  - Hereditary essential myoclonus.
AB  - A Scandinavian family whose members have suffered from hereditary essential
      myoclonus for five generations are presented. Three patients showed a uniform
      clinical picture with myoclonic jerks located in the upper trunk, the neck and
      proximal parts of the upper extremities without any other symptom or sign of CNS
      dysfunction. The laboratory findings including EEG and somatosensory evoked
      potentials (SEP) were normal. Diagnostic criteria are discussed. Treatment was
      relatively ineffective.

PMID- 4050326
TI  - Tobacco-alcohol amblyopia neuro-ophthalmological findings and clinical course.
AB  - The clinical picture of 40 patients with tobacco-alcohol amblyopia (TAA) is
      described. In 15 patients the course of the disease was studied longitudinally
      over a period of 31 months. In addition in six patients the acute development of
      the disease was studied during a period of four weeks in-patient treatment. TAA
      is characterised by distinct bilateral visual disturbances, symmetric scotomas,
      acquired disturbances of colour vision and mostly normal fundi. Visual acuity is
      usually grossly diminished. Central scotomas were present in 80% of the cases
      while the centrocecal from prevailed in the rest. The acquired disturbances of
      colour vision usually concerned the red-green sense (84%). The amplitudes of the
      visual evoked potentials were always reduced and deformed. In 33% we could not
      detect a P-100. In 5% the latency of the P-100 was prolonged. Full field
      stimulation was the best method of defining the P-100. By foveal stimulation the
      deformations of the amplitudes were more evident. The prognosis of the visual
      disturbances was unpredictable. The abnormalities improved in one half of the
      patients, but complete recovery was never reached despite substitution with
      vitamins.

PMID- 4050327
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptors of mononuclear leukocytes from myasthenia gravis
      patients.
AB  - The present study was performed to analyse glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding
      in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from 39 myasthenia gravis (MG)
      patients (unoperated patients (n = 13), thymectomized patients (n = 14) and
      patients receiving glucocorticoids: thymectomized (n = 11) and unoperated (n =
      6]. A whole cell binding assay with 3(H) dexamethasone was used. GR mean values
      were significantly higher in the MNL of MG patients (thymectomized or not) not
      receiving glucocorticoid than in the MNL of healthy donors. Affinity was within
      the normal range. Sex, age or clinical forms of illness did not influence the
      results. In patients receiving prednisone (Pd) the GR values were significantly
      lower than in MG patients without Pd therapy, independent of Pd dose or time of
      administration. No differences in receptor binding between normal subjects and MG
      patients receiving Pd have been found.

PMID- 4050328
TI  - Adrenoleukodystrophy: fatty acid analysis of total glycerophospholipids in
      erythrocyte membranes.
AB  - The saturated fatty acids released from the erythrocyte membranes of four
      patients with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and 14 diseased controls were analyzed
      by high performance liquid chromatography. The ratios of C26:0 to other saturated
      fatty acids in ALD were higher than those of diseased controls, and neither false
      positive nor false-negative samples were observed. These results suggest that a
      study of fatty acids of total glycerophospholipids in erythrocyte membranes by
      high performance liquid chromatography is a useful diagnostic method of ALD.

PMID- 4050329
TI  - Correlation of the chemiluminescence-activity of peripheral blood monocytes with
      CSF parameters of inflammation and the clinical course of patients with
      lymphocytic meningoencephalitis.
AB  - The chemiluminescence-activity (CL-A) of peripheral blood monocytes (MO) was
      measured in eight patients with lymphocytic meningitis or meningoencephalitis and
      compared to CSF parameters and the clinical course. The initial maximum CL-A was
      around four times above the control and decreased to normal values within
      approximately 20 days. Poor correlations were found when the CL-A was compared to
      CSF parameters in the total group of patients. With regard to the CSF parameters
      in individual patients the CL-A was closely related to the cell count, to a
      lesser degree to the protein content, but not to the IgG content. Finally, a very
      good correlation of the CL-A was found with the clinical course in individual
      patients. This preliminary data suggests the clinical usefulness of CL
      measurements and supports the conception that the CL-A predominantly reflects the
      specific cellular phase of inflammation, which is dominated by T cells.

PMID- 4050330
TI  - Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in western Poland--a comparison between
      prevalence rates in 1965 and 1981.
AB  - An epidemiological survey of multiple sclerosis was carried out in the western
      part of Poland. The estimated prevalence rate on December 31, 1981 was compared
      with that established on the same territory on January 1, 1965. The disease was
      less frequent in 1981. The prevalence rate for definite cases was only 42.87
      versus 51.19. A marked increase of population in the younger age groups (those
      under 20) during the last decade may account for the observed differences in the
      prevalence rate. In the town of Gniezno, a new MS cluster with a prevalence rate
      of 118.10 per 100,000 population was discovered.

PMID- 4050331
TI  - Metastatic melanoma of the brain after spontaneous regression of the primary.
AB  - A 37-year-old man is described who presented with a large cerebral mass which
      proved to be a metastasis from a malignant melanoma. The primary tumour was most
      probably located on the scalp and regressed completely after trivial
      traumatization one year prior to CNS involvement.

PMID- 4050332
TI  - Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. The Lowenberg-Hill type.
AB  - The clinical and neuropathological findings are reported of two sibs with adult
      type PMD. Clinical features deviating from the usual pattern included: no
      psychosis, no measurable dementia, no dwarfism, no microcephaly, no (marked)
      involuntary movements, but conspicuous generalised muscle atrophy and
      denervation, impairment of vital and gnostic sensation, thoracolumbar vertebral
      anomalies, and aplasia of os coccygis. Neuropathological findings were as usual,
      with additional unusual features: pinhead-size areas of acute myelin-abbau
      products, involvement of grey in addition to white matter, and upon
      ultrastructure, the new finding of intra-oligodendroglial fingerprint bodies,
      both in neuronal satellite and in white matter oligoglia, but not in astrocytes,
      ganglion cells, or pericytes. This excludes the origin of the stored material in
      the lysosomes as to derive exclusively from demyelination and would possibly
      imply PMD to be an oligodendroglial lysosomal storage disease.

PMID- 4050333
TI  - The amniotic band syndrome as a cause of anencephaly. Report of a case.
AB  - The gross and microscopic features of a 28-week-old stillborn female infant with
      severe cranial, facial, and cerebral malformations due to amniotic bands are
      described. The structure of the cerebral remnant is similar to that found in
      dysraphic anencephaly, but collateral evidence of amniotic band can usually be
      found. It is important to differentiate between the two conditions, since unlike
      neural tube defects, anencephaly due to amniotic band does not imply a risk of
      recurrence in subsequent pregnancies.

PMID- 4050334
TI  - Gliosarcomas: histological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and tissue
      culture studies.
AB  - Thirty-nine cases of gliosarcomas, two initiating as fibrosarcomas, 25 as mixed
      gliomas and sarcomas, and 12 as anaplastic gliomas with secondary sarcomas, were
      studied by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, using GFAP, factor VIII/RAg,
      and Ulex europaeus I agglutinin (UEA I), electron microscopy and tissue culture.
      GFAP was found variably positive in the glial areas; F VIII/RAg and UEA I,
      markers of both normal and neoplastic endothelial cells and their derivatives,
      were found in vessels of both gliomatous and sarcomatous parts of GS, less
      intensive in hyperplastic glomeruloid structures and, with decreasing intensity,
      in adjacent fibrosarcomatous areas, while UEA I, giving stronger reaction than F
      VIII/RAg, was occasionally demonstrated in sarcomatous cells. In vitro studies
      confirmed previous data of a separate growth of glial and mesenchymal cells with
      a divergent migratory speed. Electron microscopy demonstrated the frequent close
      admixture of glial and mesenchymal tumor cells, which showed the feature of
      either fibrosarcoma or angiosarcoma. The frequent resemblance of the latter with
      endothelial cells was supported by the occasional demonstration of Weibel-Palade
      like bodies in both vascular endothelial and adjacent sarcomatous cells. These
      observations confirm the hypothesis that at least part of the sarcomatous
      components in many GS originate from vascular endothelial proliferation and
      obviously represent the final stage of a process starting with the endothelial
      hyperplasia in anaplastic gliomas.

PMID- 4050335
TI  - Spread and distribution of viral antigen in nervous canine distemper.
AB  - Canine distemper virus (CDV) antigen was demonstrated immunocytochemically in the
      central nervous system (CNS) of 19 dogs killed from 16 to 170 days after
      infection. In the earliest lesions, infection of glial cells preceded
      demyelination, and the degree of myelin destruction correlated with the amount of
      viral antigen in the tissue. It was concluded that initial demyelination in
      distemper is directly viral-induced, but the nature of the infected glial cells
      remains uncertain. Ependymal infection and spread of virus in the subependymal
      white matter was often seen, suggesting invasion of CDV into the CNS along the
      CSF pathways. Inflammation during the latter stages of the infection appeared to
      be associated with viral clearance from the CNS in most dogs. In two dogs with
      chronic progressive neurologic distemper, viral antigen was still present in the
      brain suggesting that viral persistence and associated immunologic reactions may
      contribute to further myelin damage. With the exception of one dog that survived
      for 6 months after infection, viral antigen was no longer detected in the dogs
      that had recovered.

PMID- 4050336
TI  - The origin of inner membranes in chronic subdural hematomas.
AB  - Electron-microscopic findings of inner membranes of chronic subdural hematomas
      showed multilayered tiers of flattened cells. The basic characteristics of these
      cells were similar to dural border cells in the human dura-arachnoid interface
      layer. The cells covering the hematoma surface had indented nuclei with a
      prominent nucleolus and were abundant in enlarged rough ER, glycogen granules,
      lipid droplets, and caveolae. The cells in the intermediate layer had thin
      cytoplasmic extensions containing tonofilaments, which were oriented almost
      parallel to the long axis of inner membranes. The cells facing the arachnoid
      surface sometimes showed disintegration of cellular organelles and dissolution of
      nuclear chromatin. Between these cells and the tiers was an increased amount of
      extracellular substance, such as collagen fibrils, elastins, and finely granular
      material, which were often intermingled with blood pigments or fibrins,
      especially toward the arachnoid surface. In two of the ten cases studied, there
      was a syncytial mass of arachnoid cells which reinforced the arachnoid surface of
      inner membranes. Conceivably, a primary extravasation of blood within the dura
      arachnoid interface layer may cleave a few tiers of dural border cells, which
      envelope the inner surface of the hematoma, proliferate, and later on form inner
      membranes.

PMID- 4050337
TI  - Acute polyradiculoneuritis associated with demyelinated plaques in the central
      nervous system: report of a case.
AB  - A report is given of a woman who developed acute idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis
      and was found at necropsy 9 weeks later to have in addition multiple recent
      demyelinated lesions in the central nervous system (CNS), resembling those of
      multiple sclerosis (MS). The possibility that in such a case there might be an
      immunological reaction against one or more components of myelin common to the CNS
      and PNS has to be considered.

PMID- 4050338
TI  - Axonal regeneration through a peripheral nerve implanted into a brain cavity.
AB  - A cavity was prepared in the rat parietal cortex by suction, filled with gel foam
      and left for 3 weeks during which time it became highly vascularised. Into this 3
      week-old capillary bed a 5 mm length of autologous common peroneal nerve was
      implanted. Animals were killed at various time intervals up to 7 months after
      implantation of the nerve segment. The ultrastructural features of the vascular
      bed before and after implantation of the nerve segment were compared. In the
      absence of a peripheral nerve implant no axons were found within the cavity.
      However, at 5 weeks after implantation numerous axon-like profiles and
      capillaries containing fenestrations were observed within the implant. Eight
      weeks after implantation of the peripheral nerve both myelinated and non
      myelinated axons were observed within the implant and in the surrounding
      capillary bed. No obvious increase in the number of axons was observed with
      increasing time periods. To investigate the origin of the axons within the
      vascular bed and/or implant the fluorochrome true blue was injected into the
      cavity 7 months after implantation of the nerve. Three days later selected areas
      of the brain, the trigeminal, superior cervical and otic ganglia were examined
      for retrogradely labelled fluorescent cells. Labelled cells were found adjacent
      to the cavity and in the ipsilateral trigeminal and superior cervical ganglia.
      The significance of these results in relation to the enhancement of axonal
      regeneration from the damaged central nervous system (CNS) is discussed.

PMID- 4050339
TI  - Blood vessel ultrastructure in the chick optic tectum developing under chronic
      hypoxia conditions.
AB  - The maturation process of blood vessels has been ultrastructurally investigated
      in the optic tectum of chick embryos kept in a condition of aerogenic hypoxia and
      of chickens born from fertilized eggs incubated under hypoxia but kept in the
      open air after hatching. By comparing the fine structure of the intratectal
      vessels of chick embryos exposed to hypoxia to that of embryos developed under
      normal conditions, the conclusion has been drawn that O2 deprivation does not
      prevent the temporal sequence of appearance and/or differentiation of the various
      vascular wall components (endothelium, endothelial basement lamina, pericytes,
      perivascular glia), but it produces, at least in a part of the latter,
      modifications, the type and degree of which apparently depend upon hypoxia
      duration.

PMID- 4050340
TI  - Ultrastructure of cerebellar capillary hemangioblastoma. IV. Pericytes and their
      relationship to endothelial cells.
AB  - Electron microscopy and computerized morphometric techniques were employed to
      examine pericyte ultrastructure and to assess quantitatively their relationship
      to endothelial cells in five cases of cerebellar capillary hemangioblastoma. A
      total of 97 cross-sectioned capillary profiles were studied. Pericyte coverage of
      capillary ranged from 30.2% to 97.3% with a mean value of 68.7%, which is higher
      as compared with the available data from the cerebral cortex, skeletal and
      cardiac muscle, and pulmonary capillaries. The higher pericyte coverage of
      capillary suggests that pericyte is an active component of cerebellar capillary
      hemangioblastoma and may have a close functional relationship to endothelial
      cells. Pericytes contained bundles of parallel microfilaments along the adluminal
      side and in the terminal processes, and exhibited an intimate "peg-and-socket"
      relationship with endothelial cells, suggesting a contractile function of
      pericytes and their possible role in regulating capillary lumina and focal blood
      flow. The finding of abundant micropinocytic vesicles along the abluminal side of
      the cytoplasmic membrane indicates an active metabolic exchange between pericytes
      and the interstitium. It is possible that in cerebellar hemangioblastoma
      pericytes may act as a mechanical and metabolic monitor barrier for endothelial
      cells.

PMID- 4050341
TI  - Human and canine fucosidosis: a comparative lectin histochemistry study.
AB  - Selected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of human and canine
      fucosidosis were stained with nine different lectins. Neurons, splenic sinusoidal
      cells, hepatic Kupffer cells, tissue macrophages, and capillary endothelium from
      human patients with fucosidosis stained intensely with Ulex europaeus agglutinin
      I (UEA-I), but the same cells were unstained in tissues from canine fucosidosis.
      Since UEA-I specifically binds to terminal fucose residues, and fucose-rich
      undegraded metabolites are stored in affected cells of both human and canine
      fucosidosis, the variable lectin staining pattern demonstrates an unexpected
      species-specific histochemical variability. This finding highlights the fact that
      although both species have decreased fucosidase activity, the precursor
      substrates, undegraded stored metabolites, and particular cells affected by this
      enzyme deficiency are different.

PMID- 4050342
TI  - A new method to classify amyloid fibril proteins.
AB  - The permanganate method, the immunoperoxidase method, and a newly developed
      autoclave method were used to distinguish different types of amyloid fibril
      proteins in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. All tissues from
      permanganate-sensitive cases (AA type) lost the affinity of Congo red and green
      birefringence under polarized light after incubation with special autoclave
      treatment. AL type systemic amyloidosis and amyloid plaques of CJD and GSS were
      permanganate-resistant, but decreased markedly the affinity of Congo red after
      prolonged autoclaving. On the other hand, prealbumin type systemic amyloidosis
      and senile plaques of SDAT were resistant to both permanganate oxidation and
      prolonged autoclaving. Thus, amyloid plaques of CJD and GSS are identical to AL
      type in systemic amyloidosis, and senile plaques are similar to the prealbumin
      type. However, anti-prealbumin antiserum did not stain senile plaque amyloid. The
      anti-human P component stained positively systemic amyloids and cerebral amyloid
      plaques of SSE, but failed to stain senile plaques of SDAT. Therefore, the
      amyloid fibril protein of senile plaques is apparently different from other types
      of amyloid depositions. Amyloid plaques of SSE are different from senile plaques
      not only with regard to fibril proteins, but also to globular protein in the
      amyloid.

PMID- 4050343
TI  - The dentate gyrus in hypoglycemia: pathology implicating excitotoxin-mediated
      neuronal necrosis.
AB  - A detailed light- and electron-microscopic study of the damage to the rat dentate
      gyrus in hypoglycemia was undertaken, in view of the previously advanced
      hypothesis that hypoglycemic nerve cell injury is mediated by a released
      neurotoxin. The distribution of neuronal necrosis showed a relationship to the
      subarachnoid cisterns. Electron microscopy of the dentate granule cells and their
      apical dendrites revealed dendrosomal, axon-sparing neuronal pathology. Dentate
      granule cells were affected first in the dendrites in the outer layer of the
      stratum moleculare, sparing axons of passage and terminal boutons. Subsequently,
      the neuronal perikarya were affected, and Wallerian degeneration of axons
      followed. Cell membrane abnormalities preceded the appearance of mitochondrial
      flocculent densities and degradation of the cytoskeleton, and are suggested to be
      early lethal changes. The observed early dendrotoxic changes, and the
      dendrosomal, axon-sparing nature of the lesion implicate an excitotoxin-mediated
      neuronal necrosis in hypoglycemia.

PMID- 4050344
TI  - Adult fragile X syndrome. Clinico-neuropathologic findings.
AB  - Fragile X syndrome [fra (X)] is currently accepted as the second most frequent
      chromosomal disorder associated with developmental disability. Although next to
      Down syndrome in frequency, no postmortem studies of confirmed adult cases had
      been reported. The autopsy examination of a 62-year-old, moderately retarded man
      with the fra (X) syndrome confirmed the preferential involvement of cerebral and
      testicular structures in this disorder. Dendritic spine abnormalities of the type
      observed in trisomic chromosomal disorders were associated with synaptic
      immaturity. Severe testicular hypogonadism accompanied bilateral macro-orchidism,
      normal penis, and unilateral hydrocele. Valvular, articular, and testicular
      interstitial compartments showed normal histochemical staining characteristics
      for glycoproteins and lipids.

PMID- 4050345
TI  - Nucleus raphe dorsalis in parkinsonism-dementia complex of Guam.
AB  - Recently, morphometric analysis has shown that the nucleus raphe dorsalis, which
      is presumed to project diffuse serotonergic fibers to the telencephalon, is
      affected in Alzheimer's disease. A similar study was conducted in this report in
      two patients with parkinsonism-dementia complex of Guam and a Guamanian control.
      It demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of large neurons, and the
      presence of abundant Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles in this nucleus.

PMID- 4050346
TI  - Neuropathologic study in the heterozygotes of X-linked brindled mutant mouse.
AB  - The clinical and morphological features were studied in female heterozygotes of
      the sex-linked brindled mutant mice, which are an appropriate animal model for
      human Menkes' kinky hair disease (MKHD). Clinically, female heterozygotes
      presented phenotypical variety. In these heterozygotes, we distinguished the
      unique group of mice, which showed mottled white and dark brown fur and curly
      whiskers. We designated this unique group "heterozygote, variant type", in
      contrast to the remaining group--"heterozygote, usual type"--, of which the fur
      was mottled dark and light brown, and the whiskers were straight.
      Ultrastructurally, various degrees of mitochondrial changes, from an almost
      normal appearance of the mitochondria to similar to those of the hemizygotes,
      were observed. Furthermore we noticed that, in the heterozygotes, there were
      positive correlations between this morphological spectrum and those phenotypical
      varieties. These findings were interpreted as a possible subclinical copper
      deficiency in the heterozygotes, and the morphological alterations in
      heterozygotes were probably due to X-chromosome inactivation according to Lyon's
      hypothesis. The presence, however, of clinical and morphological varieties in the
      heterozygotes leads us to the hypothesis that the inactivation rate is not
      necessarily the same for all carriers. Moreover, it can be speculated that
      pathologic changes similar to those in heterozygotes may be present in the female
      carriers of human MKHD.

PMID- 4050347
TI  - An immunohistochemical study of aldolase C in normal and neoplastic nervous
      tissues.
AB  - Cellular localization of aldolase C isozyme was examined in the normal human
      brain and in nervous tissue tumors by the indirect immunoperoxidase method using
      an antibody to aldolase C. In normal brain tissues, staining was most prominent
      in astrocytes and Purkinje cells, although faint staining was also occasionally
      observed in some other neurons. Oligodendroglia and ependymal cells showed no
      distinct staining. The nervous tissue tumors we examined included 34 gliomas (ten
      astrocytomas and 24 anaplastic gliomas), 30 medulloblastomas, and seven neuronal
      tumors. Positive staining was observed in some gliomas, but not in the
      medulloblastomas and neuronal tumors examined. In gliomas, nine of ten
      astrocytomas and six of 24 anaplastic gliomas showed positive staining in their
      main constituent cells. In the remaining gliomas, most constituent cells were
      unstained or positive cells were only sporadically present. These findings
      indicated that aldolase C was expressed in some of astrocytic glioma cells as in
      the normal counterpart, more frequently in more differentiated form.

PMID- 4050348
TI  - Carcinomatous meningeosis as exclusive metastasizing pattern in a malignant
      thymoma.
AB  - In a 57-year-old male patient meningitic symptoms occurred. CSF cytology
      exhibited carcinoma cells, thus establishing the diagnosis of carcinomatous
      meningeosis. The primary site of the tumor or metastases were not detected intra
      vitam. The autopsy revealed a malignant thymoma with an exclusive metastatic
      participation of the leptomeninges except for some few regional lymph nodes.
      Cerebral metastases of malignant thymoma is an extremely rare condition.

PMID- 4050349
TI  - Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in a diabetic patient:
      predominance of vesicular disruption in myelin sheaths.
AB  - A diabetic woman underwent an incision of the right big toe for an abscess and
      developed a typical Guillain-Barre syndrome 48 h later. A biopsy of a peripheral
      nerve, performed 10 days later, showed modifications usually seen in diabetic
      patients, as well as the characteristic ultrastructural modifications of the
      Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). Moreover, 22% of myelinated fibers exhibited
      vesicular disruption of the myelin sheaths. This lesion is rarely encountered on
      the biopsies of peripheral nerve in GBS and concerns only a few myelinated
      fibers. Such a prominence of myelinic vesicular disruption and its occurrence in
      a diabetic patient are discussed.

PMID- 4050350
TI  - Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in a young female patient metastasizing to the brain.
AB  - A case of 14-year-old girl is reported in whom an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
      occurred in the soft tissues of the left forearm 4 years prior to death. Despite
      extensive surgery as well as chemotherapy and radiotherapy the tumor recurred
      locally and produced extensive metastases including a metastasis to the brain.
      Cerebral metastases have not yet been reported in the literature despite
      extensive reports on the pathology of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. The
      morphological diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma was supported by the
      immunohistochemical demonstration of desmin, myosin, and myoglobin in the tumor
      cells.

PMID- 4050351
TI  - Changes in the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in suckling rats with low
      dose lead encephalopathy.
AB  - Previous studies on the toxic effects of lead on the brains of young animals have
      shown damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which in severe forms appears as
      hemorrhagic encephalopathy. In those studies the doses of lead have been of such
      magnitude that lead-induced anorexia resulting in growth retardation has
      contributed to the extent of the injury (Sundstrom et al. 1984). The growth
      retardation can be prevented by using low lead doses (Sundstrom et al. 1983).
      Consequently, we have examined to which extent the BBB is injured in suckling
      rats with low dose lead encephalopathy. This was done by testing the permeability
      of the BBB to plasma proteins and assessing the possible occurrence of vasogenic
      edema by measuring the specific gravity of brain tissue. Low dose lead
      encephalopathy was induced by daily i.p. injections of lead nitrate 10 mg/kg body
      weight (b.wt.) for the first 15 days. The lead contents of the blood and
      homogenates of the cerebrum and cerebellum were assayed by atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry. The brains were examined at 15, 20, or 30 days of age. When
      Evans blue-albumin (EBA) was injected i.v. 2 h before killing, most 15-day-old
      rats exposed to lead displayed a bluish discoloration in their cerebellum.
      Microscopically, red fluorescence of EBA was seen in the blue-stained regions.
      Immunohistochemically, extravasation of albumin, fibrinogen, and fibronectin was
      demonstrated as positive staining in the cerebellar cortex, with diffuse spread
      to the white matter of the corresponding folium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4050352
TI  - Low dose of barbiturates for prevention of hippocampal lesions after brief
      ischemic episodes.
AB  - Male Mongolian gerbils were subjected to bilateral carotid occlusion for 5 and 10
      min, followed by 7 days of recirculation. After this interval, serial sections
      were made of the posterior region of the dorsal hippocampus, and the number of
      surviving neurons was determined per mm length of CA1 sector. In halothane
      anesthetized animals only 21.1% of CA1 neurons survived 5-min ischemia, but this
      percentage could be raised to 78.6% when animals were pretreated with 25 mg/kg
      pentobarbital before ischemia. Pretreatment with 50 mg/kg pentobarbital before 5
      min ischemia or pretreatment with 25 mg/kg pentobarbital before 10-min ischemia
      did not reduce CA1 lesions. It is concluded that a non-anesthetic dose of
      barbiturates is able to prevent selective vulnerability of CA1 sector, but that
      this effect is limited to the initial 5 min of ischemia.

PMID- 4050353
TI  - Ca2+ depletion-induced disconnection of tight junctions in isolated rat brain
      microvessels.
AB  - Cerebral microvessels were isolated from rat brains. One part of the microvessel
      pellets was incubated for 25 or 90 min in Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer
      (KHB) at pH 7.5 (control group). The other part of the pellets was treated for
      the same periods of time with Ca2+-free KHB, containing 2.2 mM EGTA and 2 mM
      glucose (experimental group). Morphological changes of endothelial tight
      junctions were evaluated in 100 randomly selected interendothelial clefts from
      isolated cerebral microvessels of each groups by electron microscopy. Following
      25 min of incubation time, either with Ca2+-containing or with Ca2+-free KHB, no
      significant changes of tight junctions were observed. After 90 min of incubation
      in Ca2+-free medium, 58% of tight junctions were altered (in 42% partial, and in
      16% complete disconnection of tight junctions were found). This contrasted the
      control group, where only 14% of tight junctions were disconnected (12% partially
      and 2% completely). Our results are consistent with a role for intercellular Ca2+
      in maintaining structural integrity of cerebral tight junctions.

PMID- 4050354
TI  - The angiogenesis of micrencephalic rat brains caused by methylazoxymethanol
      acetate. II. Superficial and basal arterial system.
AB  - The angioarchitecture of the superficial and basal arterial system of the
      hypoplastic rat brain caused by the administration of the neurotoxin,
      methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAMAc), at the time of neuroblast migration was
      studied. Increased variation of the arterial branching of the basal main stem of
      arteries and local vessel changes were observed. The findings suggest a close
      relationship between vascular and neuronal development, showing a generalized
      disturbance and local adaptation of vasculature to the altered neuronal
      architecture of the corresponding hypoplastic areas.

PMID- 4050355
TI  - Ultrastructural study of early stage of calcification in herpes simplex
      encephalitis.
AB  - A case of herpes simplex encephalitis was investigated at the ultrastructural
      level. Herpes simplex virions were observed, both in nuclei and perikarya of
      degenerated cells in the cerebrum. Needle-shaped mineralized precipitates were
      also present in the disintegrated cells. These mineralized depositions were
      confined to mitochondria. This finding suggests that mitochondria serve as
      initial nidus of calcification in herpes simplex encephalitis.

PMID- 4050356
TI  - Effect of lens implants on iris fluorescein angiography and the iris pigment
      layer.
AB  - Fourteen eyes underwent cataract operation and implantation of an iris fixated
      (Medallion) pseudophakos. Eleven had an uncomplicated per- and post-operative
      course (group 1), 3 had a subluxation of the lens implant (group 2). The control
      group (group 3) consisted of the 14 contralateral eyes from group 1 and 2. Two
      cadaver eyes had a similar lens implanted (group 4). Groups 1-3 were investigated
      by bilateral simultaneous iris fluorescein angiography and retroiridal stereo
      transillumination photography. In group 1, one case with pupillary and diffuse
      semiperipheral leakage areas was observed, in a clinically healthy eye 15 months
      after the operation. An other one had some leakage at the pupillary border, but
      not in the area of contact with the loops. Rubbing between iris surface and some
      parts of the lens did not provoke local leakage. No new vessel formation was
      found. Pigment layer defects were observed in every operated eye, but no leakage
      was related to them except in the two pupillary areas mentioned. Mayor pigment
      defects did not progress in a quiet eye. The iris seems to be to some degree
      resistant to contact with the parts of the intraocular lens implant.

PMID- 4050357
TI  - Proliferative vitreoretinopathy after intraocular lens implantation.
AB  - The first 3 patients with pseudophakic retinal detachment referred to the
      Helsinki University Eye Hospital are presented. All had undergone extracapsular
      cataract extraction with implantation of an iris-supported IOL in one case and a
      posterior chamber lens in two cases. All showed proliferative vitreoretinopathy
      (PVR) varying from Grade C2 to D1 when first examined for retinal detachment 6 to
      16 weeks after cataract surgery. The retina was primarily re-attached in all
      cases, but re-detachment occurred in 2 of the 3 due to progressing PVR. Until now
      our incidence of pseudophakic retinal detachment is 0.3%.

PMID- 4050358
TI  - Malignant melanoma of the uvea in Iceland 1955-1979.
AB  - During the 25-year period 1955 to 1979, 29 cases of malignant melanoma of the
      choroid and ciliary body, and 4 cases of melanoma of the iris, were diagnosed in
      Iceland. Excluding the iris melanomas, the annual incidence rate per 100 000,
      adjusted to standardized Icelandic population, was 0.7 in males and 0.5 in
      females. No change in the incidence rate was noted over the period. There was no
      significant difference in incidence rates between urban and rural regions. At the
      time of 31st December, 1982, 19 patients with melanoma of the choroid and ciliary
      body had died. In 10 cases the cause of death was melanoma metastases. All deaths
      with metastases occurred within 5 years from the day of enucleation. In no case
      were metastases found before enucleation. Five year survival rates for all
      patients were 51%, 64% in males and 30% in females. This difference between the
      sexes was significant.

PMID- 4050359
TI  - Myopia, use of eyes, and living habits among men aged 33-37 years.
AB  - As a part of a more extensive research project on health and functional capacity
      among a representative sample of men, the living habits and backgrounds of myopic
      men between 33 and 37 years of age living in the town of Jyvaskyla were studied
      in comparison with non-myopic men of the same age. The prevalence of a negative
      spheric equivalent, which was considered as a criterion of myopia, was 25%. It
      was found that the myopic, on the average, had been more interested in reading
      from childhood onwards, their educational and occupational status were higher,
      and their body structure was lighter. As children they had taken less physical
      exercise, but as adults no difference was found in physical exercise between the
      myopic and non-myopic.

PMID- 4050360
TI  - Oxygen saturation of blood in the anterior ciliary veins in patients with primary
      glaucoma.
AB  - Results of the investigation of the oxyhaemoglobin content in the blood of the
      anterior ciliary veins in 23 patients with primary glaucoma and in 4 patients
      with senile cataract are presented. An extremely high content of oxyhaemoglobin
      in the anterior ciliary veins was revealed in all patients irrespective of the
      level of the intraocular pressure and the stage of the disease.

PMID- 4050361
TI  - Timolol in aqueous humour after topical administration. A pilot study.
AB  - The concentration of timolol in aqueous humour after one single drop of timolol
      ophthalmic solution was studied in 19 patients. Relatively high concentrations
      were found (mean: 626 ng/ml), but the individual differences were great (range: 0
      ng/ml - 2080 ng/ml). Possible explanations are discussed. No detectable levels of
      timolol were found in plasma (detection level greater than or equal to 1 ng/ml).

PMID- 4050362
TI  - Long-term prognosis of visual field in glaucoma simplex and glaucoma capsular.
AB  - The fate of visual fields in 42 eyes with capsular glaucoma followed for 5 to 14
      years (mean 9.1 years) and 46 eyes with simple glaucoma followed for 5 to 14
      years (mean 10.2 years) was studied retrospectively. In the treatment the IOP
      levels were around 19.5 mmHg. In both groups the visual field deteriorated in 70
      80% of eyes, and 11% of patients became blind. In most cases the progression
      appeared during the first 4-6 years of follow-up, but in individual cases it did
      not occur until 8-10 years after the diagnosis. In 26 eyes disc cupping preceded
      the visual field loss. Five out of 42 eyes with capsular glaucoma developed
      retinal vein occlusion whereas this occurred in 2 out of 46 eyes with simple
      glaucoma. Two patients with IOP level of 9 mmHg maintained unchanged visual
      fields for 6 and 11 years, respectively.

PMID- 4050363
TI  - Contact allergy to components in topical ophthalmologic preparations.
AB  - Contact allergy to various components of topical ophthalmological preparations
      was tested in 27 patients suffering from prolonged or chronic conjunctivitis,
      keratoconjunctivitis or blepharoconjunctivitis. Our results reveal relevant
      allergy towards ophthalmological preparations in 44.4% of patients tested.
      Allergic reactions to topical antibiotics, especially to neomycin (18.5%) and
      bacitracin (7.4%) was encountered as well as allergy to preservatives such as
      benzalconium chloride (3.7%). It is essential to bear in mind that contact
      allergy to components of topical preparations may cause complications and
      prolongation of symptoms during treatment, and therefore the importance of
      performing patch tests in prolonged cases of conjunctivitis or
      keratoconjunctivitis is stressed.

PMID- 4050364
TI  - Reflectometry of the precorneal film.
AB  - In order to gain information about the thickness of the oily layer of the
      precorneal film, a clinical method of measuring the reflectivity of the
      precorneal film was developed. The method entails the use of a slit-lamp
      photometer to measure the reflectivity at 2 selected wavelengths, 500 and 700 nm,
      at 20 degrees incidence. Based on a physical model of the oily layer acting as a
      thin dielectric film, a theory is given on the interpretation of the results in
      terms of the thickness of the oily layer. In 10 normal subjects a mean
      reflectivity (+/- SD) of 4.06% (+/- 0.83) and 3.16% (+/- 0.79) was found at 500
      and 700 nm, respectively. A significant positive correlation between the
      measurements at the 2 wavelengths was found. It is shown, that these results are
      consistent with a thickness of about 40 nm, as being the most probable thickness
      of the oily layer. This value seems to be in accordance with other experimental
      data. Objective reflectometry may provide an important new tool for the study of
      the anteriormost part of the ocular surface.

PMID- 4050365
TI  - Contact lenses in hypoxia.
AB  - Seven women with soft contact lenses were examined during a 4 h period in a
      decompression chamber. The atmospheric pressure was lowered from the normal value
      of 1000 millibars (750 mmHg) to 560 millibars (420 mmHg), which corresponds to
      the altitude of 4000 m above sea level. The humidity, temperature, percentage of
      carbon acid and illumination were attempted to be kept even. Five test subjects
      developed subjective, and all the 7 also developed objective eye symptoms. It was
      concluded that hypoxia itself may cause eye discomfort for aircraft passengers
      with contact lenses. The most serious objective findings were corneal erosions in
      3 and opacities of corneal stroma in 5 test persons. The control group without
      contact lenses did not develop any symptoms during the test.

PMID- 4050366
TI  - Experimental epithelial ingrowth. Epithelial/endothelial interaction through a
      corneal perforation, studied in organ culture.
AB  - The interaction of confronting corneal epithelium and endothelium has been
      studied by cultivation of corneas with open perforating wounds. In some
      experiments, the epithelium and the endothelium were initially damaged adjacent
      to the perforation, and the repair capacity was reduced by adding steroids or
      colchicine to the culture medium. The specimens were examined by scanning
      electron microscopy. The epithelium covered the stromal walls of the open
      perforation within 3 days. In most experiments, the epithelium and the
      endothelium met at the cut edge of Descemet's membrane, and this appeared to be a
      stable situation. However, if the endothelium was damaged and had reduced repair
      capacity, the epithelium invaded Descemet's membrane. The clinical implication is
      that the risk of epithelial ingrowth is present in eyes with a pathological
      endothelium.

PMID- 4050367
TI  - Aspects of the surface morphology of the corneal endothelium. An experimental
      study.
AB  - The influence on the surface of the corneal endothelial cells of 1) storage
      temperature of the enucleated eye, 2) epithelial abrasio, and 3) endothelial
      linear abrasio, has been examined. The surface structure may change rapidly
      following these procedures. The treatment of the cornea before fixation for
      electron microscopy should be standardized and as short as possible.

PMID- 4050368
TI  - Corneal and superficial conjunctival pigmentation in Eskimos, Mongols, and
      Caucasians.
AB  - Pigmentation was noticed on or round the cornea in 44% of 257 Eskimos (East
      Greenland) and 25% of 189 Mongols (Japan), but no more than 4% of 795 Caucasians
      in Denmark. Superficial pigmentation on the bulbar conjunctiva was seen in 58% of
      Eskimos, 48% of Mongols and 10% of Caucasians. In Eskimos it is in most cases
      localized nasally (54%). In Caucasians the inferior and superior sites
      predominate (39% and 30%, respectively). The prevalence in both groups was found
      to rise with increasing age and to be significantly highest among men.
      Pigmentation of the cornea alone was most frequent among Mongols (22%). Then
      followed Eskimos (14%) and Caucasians (2%) in decreasing order. The pigmentation
      on or round the cornea is independent of iris colour in Caucasians, but is
      related to melanosis of the bulbar conjunctiva, the caruncle and the plica
      semilunaris.

PMID- 4050369
TI  - The normal fundus fluorescein angiogram. IV. A classification of the normal
      fundus fluorescein angiogram based on angiographic findings in clinically healthy
      subjects and in diabetics without ophthalmoscopically abnormalities.
AB  - A comparison of fundus elements in the posterior pole of the eye in a group of 48
      clinically healthy subjects and in a group of 17 insulin dependent diabetics
      showed a significant overrepresentation (P less than 0.05) of hyperfluorescent
      and hypofluorescent elements among the diabetics, as estimated from serial fundus
      fluorescein angiograms at 3 examinations during one year. In the diabetics a
      significant intraindividual variation of hyperfluorescent elements (6/17 eyes)
      occurred during one year in contrast to the clinically healthy subjects (0/48)-(P
      less than 0.01). The normal fundus fluorescein angiogram (i.e. in clinically
      healthy subjects) is characterized by: a wide physiologic variation of the number
      of hyperfluorescent elements i.e. 0-4 elements or 0-11 elements as assessed with
      and without a one tailed 10% percentile as an upper limit. Hypofluorescent
      elements in variable number may occur in 21% (upper limit 10% percentile) or 31%
      (without an upper limit) of normal eyes. No intra-individual variation of these
      hyper- and hypofluorescent elements developed during the observation period.

PMID- 4050370
TI  - The normal fundus fluorescein angiogram. V. Intraobserver-, interobserver- and
      interocular variation of the fundus fluorescein angiogram.
AB  - An independent assessment of red free fundus photographs and serial fundus
      fluorescein angiograms from 11 clinically healthy subjects and 5 diabetics was
      performed by 3 ophthalmologists twice with an interval of one month and showed no
      significant interobserver or intraobserver variation (P greater than 0.10). Among
      8 clinically healthy subjects, fundus fluorescein angiograms of both eyes
      disclosed a difference in number and distribution of the angiographic elements (P
      less than 0.05) between the two eyes in 6 subjects.

PMID- 4050372
TI  - [Trends in endoprosthesis in orthopedics and traumatology (upper and lower
      extremities). Namur, 24-26 May 1984].

PMID- 4050371
TI  - The normal fundus. VI. The variation of fundus elements in relation to age and
      sex assessed by colour and filter fundus photography in clinically healthy
      subjects without ophthalmoscopical changes.
AB  - In 185 clinically healthy subjects ranging in age from 10 to 71 years with
      apparently normal ophthalmoscopy, colour and interference filter photographs of
      the one eye revealed one or more distinctly outlined yellowish elements in 126
      eyes (68%) and a single red spot in 3 eyes (2%). The frequency of eyes with one
      or more fundus elements correlated positively (P less than 0.01) with age and
      predominated in males with an age greater than or equal to 25 years. A thinning
      of the pigment epithelium in the posterior pole of the fundus without concomitant
      myopia was associated (P less than 0.01) to the age group above 50 years (19 of
      22 eyes) compared with the age group below 50 years (3 of 12 eyes). The fundus
      elements seen in 126 of 162 colour photographs with corresponding interference
      filter photographs of sufficient quality were recognized with the green filter in
      98%, with the blue filter in 91% and the red filter photographs in 61% of the
      eyes.

PMID- 4050373
TI  - Success of prosthetic devices fixed by ingrowth or surface interaction.

PMID- 4050374
TI  - [Mechanical behavior of the upper epiphysis of the resurfaced femur and incidence
      of anatomical variations and various cup types].

PMID- 4050375
TI  - [Determination of stresses in resurfacing arthroplasty of the hip by numerical
      and experimental technics].

PMID- 4050376
TI  - [Our concept of the cementing of the cotyloid cavity].

PMID- 4050377
TI  - [Biomechanics of total hip prosthesis].

PMID- 4050378
TI  - Partial and complete pelvic replacement in tumor patients.

PMID- 4050379
TI  - The Vidal-Goalard megaprosthesis. An alternative to conventional techniques in
      selected cases?

PMID- 4050380
TI  - [Treatment of malignant tumors of the upper part of the femur with
      megaprostheses. Apropos of 65 cases].

PMID- 4050381
TI  - The bi-articular hip prosthesis.

PMID- 4050382
TI  - Total hip arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4050383
TI  - Non union of the greater trochanter after total hip arthroplasty.

PMID- 4050384
TI  - [Importance of direct contact between the femoral stem and the diaphyseal bone.
      Concept, realization and results].

PMID- 4050385
TI  - [Results with the Osteal total hip prosthesis. Apropos of 550 prostheses].

PMID- 4050386
TI  - [Thompson's prosthesis in the treatment of intracapsular fractures of the femoral
      neck in the elderly].

PMID- 4050387
TI  - [Intermediary hip prostheses].

PMID- 4050388
TI  - Six years' experience with Wagner surface replacement arthroplasty.

PMID- 4050389
TI  - [Hip arthroplasty using noncemented matched cups. 14-year experience].

PMID- 4050390
TI  - [The noncemented acetabulum in total hip arthroplasty].

PMID- 4050391
TI  - Fixed femoral cup arthroplasty as designed by Townley. A clinical survey of 35
      hips.

PMID- 4050392
TI  - Report on the first decennium of clinical experience with a cementless ceramic
      total hip replacement.

PMID- 4050393
TI  - [Initial experiences with the Parhofer-Monch type of noncemented total hip
      prosthesis].

PMID- 4050394
TI  - [Early results of the first 100 noncemented Zweymuller prostheses].

PMID- 4050395
TI  - [Sports and hip prosthesis].

PMID- 4050396
TI  - [Personal experience with the cementless Endler-Zweymuller prosthesis].

PMID- 4050397
TI  - [Scintigraphic follow-up of the cementless hip prosthesis].

PMID- 4050398
TI  - [Technical problems posed by total hip arthroplasty after failure of another
      surgical treatment].

PMID- 4050399
TI  - [6,532 total hip prostheses, 1968-1983. Study of the results with a minimum
      follow-up of 10 years].

PMID- 4050400
TI  - [Does the perfect total hip prosthesis actually exist? Future perspectives].

PMID- 4050401
TI  - [Control of the rhino-tubal function in subjects with maxillofacial dysmorphism
      after Le Fort I osteotomy of the upper jaw].

PMID- 4050402
TI  - [Changes in nasal resistance of normal subjects following thermal stimulation of
      the nuchal area at rest and during exertion].

PMID- 4050403
TI  - [Laryngeal keratosis. Histological typing and clinical correlations].

PMID- 4050404
TI  - [Mortality in malignant tumors of the head and neck in Italy].

PMID- 4050405
TI  - [Latero-cervical lymph node metastases and their extracapsular spread in
      laryngeal carcinomas. Incidence and prognostic significance in relation to
      histomorphological characteristics of the primary tumor].

PMID- 4050407
TI  - [Therapeutic planning in malignant epithelial tumors of the parotid gland].

PMID- 4050406
TI  - [Radical radiotherapy in carcinoma of the hypopharynx].

PMID- 4050408
TI  - [Evaluation of the density of a normal parotid gland by computerized tomography].

PMID- 4050409
TI  - [Juridical and methodological problems in the evaluation of occupational hearing
      loss].

PMID- 4050410
TI  - Breast-feeding as a protection against gastroenteritis and other infections.

PMID- 4050411
TI  - Increased concentrations of milk antibodies in recurrent pulmonary aspiration in
      infants and young children.
AB  - Concentrations of circulating antibodies against bovine serum albumin were
      significantly increased in six children with recurrent pulmonary aspiration
      (mean: 5.54 micrograms BSA-N/ml, range: 2.05-12.87 micrograms BSA-N/ml; mean
      value of 76 control infants: 0.38 microgram BSA-N/ml, 95% confidence interval: 0
      0.98 microgram BSA-N/ml, p less than 0.001) as determined by radioimmuno-assay.
      IgG- and IgA-isotypes against bovine serum albumin, lactalbumin, lactoglobulin,
      casein and gammaglobulin were determined in four patients by enzyme-linked-immuno
      sorbent-assay. Significant differences between patients and controls were found
      for IgG-antibodies against casein and bovine serum albumin and IgA-antibodies
      against alpha-lactalbumin and bovine serum albumin. Under certain conditions,
      stimulation of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue may lead to a higher immune
      response than oral immunization. Determination of milk antibodies may be helpful
      in the diagnosis of recurrent pulmonary aspiration.

PMID- 4050412
TI  - Circulating immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels in premature infants and
      the response to calcium therapy.
AB  - Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcium, magnesium, and
      phosphorus levels were measured in 13 premature infants during the first 96 hours
      of life. Hypocalcemia at 12-24 hours of age was associated with a markedly
      elevated mean serum iPTH level. Six of the hypocalcemic infants received a
      continuous infusion of calcium while seven were not treated. In the untreated
      infants, the mean serum calcium remained in the hypocalcemic range while the
      serum iPTH progressively increased. By contrast, the mean serum calcium in the
      treated infants increased to 2.35 mmol/l at 96 hours of age and was accompanied
      by a decline in serum iPTH. At 72 and 96 hours, the mean serum iPTH was twofold
      greater in the untreated than in the treated infants. The results indicate that
      the parathyroid glands of premature infants respond to calcium signals and that a
      factor(s), other than parathyroid insufficiency, plays an etiologic role in the
      hypocalcemia of prematurity.

PMID- 4050413
TI  - Bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid containing protein in the perinatal period.
AB  - We measured bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGP), calcium
      (Ca), phosphorus (P), and alkaline phosphatase (Al-P) in paired maternal and cord
      sera, and urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (gamma-Gla) in neonates. The
      circulating BGP was 41.21 +/- 2.47 ng/ml and 7.44 +/- 0.87 ng/ml in the cord (n =
      15) and the maternal (n = 14) sera, respectively. The urinary gamma-Gla in the
      neonates was 147.68 +/- 10.75 mumol/g creatinine (n = 15). The cord serum BGP was
      significantly higher than the normal adult level. The maternal serum BGP was at
      the same level as in other adults. It is conceivable that the fetus may produce
      BGP during gestation, as the cord serum BGP level was significantly higher than
      the maternal level and there was no correlation between the cord and maternal
      serum BGP concentrations. The reason for the elevated circulating BGP level in
      the cord serum is not known, but increased bone turnover may be a factor. The
      cord serum BGP may include not only carboxylated but also non-gamma-carboxylated
      GP because of fetal vitamin K deficiency.

PMID- 4050414
TI  - Insensible weight loss in children under one year of age.
AB  - A selected group of 12 breast-fed infants were studied for insensible weight loss
      over the first year life. The method used to determine the insensible weight loss
      was non-invasive and based on a computerized weighing system. Findings indicate
      that the insensible weight loss in a one-year-old child reaches 36% of the
      average insensible weight loss reached in adulthood (360 g/day). Furthermore, the
      insensible weight loss (g/h/kg) was constant at about 1.9 g per kilogram per hour
      over the first year of life. Insensible weight loss contains two components,
      insensible water loss (92%) and metabolic losses (8%).

PMID- 4050415
TI  - Trials of high frequency jet ventilation in preterm infants with severe
      respiratory disease.
AB  - Nine preterm newborn infants were maintained on conventional mechanical
      ventilation for respiratory diseases were given high frequency jet ventilation in
      the same inspired FiO2 for short periods (10-120 min). Lower mean airway
      pressures were used in high frequency jet ventilation (0.70 +/- 0.2 kPa versus
      0.96 +/- 0.2 kPa in intermittent positive pressure ventilation), and peak
      inspiratory pressures were reduced from 2.06 +/- 0.4 to 1.38 +/- 0.24 kPa.
      Respiratory and haemodynamic data were compared with those obtained in
      intermittent positive pressure ventilation, PaO2 and PCO2 were similar, while an
      increase in pH and reduction of central venous pressure were observed during high
      frequency jet ventilation. This preliminary study indicates that high frequency
      jet ventilation provides good ventilatory support, at least for short periods,
      with reduced airway pressures, and could be a promising technique for prevention
      of acute and chronic pulmonary barotrauma.

PMID- 4050416
TI  - Storage iron in human foetal organs.
AB  - Maternal plasma iron and storage iron (non-heme) in the foetal liver were
      estimated in 108 foetuses whose gestational ages ranged from 12-44 weeks.
      Simultaneous estimations of storage iron were also made on the spleen and kidney
      in 70 and 69 of these foetuses respectively. Although the concentration of iron
      per g wet tissue in these organs remained practically the same at all gestations,
      the total storage iron content increased with the increase in gestation due to
      growth of these organs. The liver, in particular, showed a steep rise in total
      iron content in the last 8 weeks of gestation. There was a significant positive
      correlation between the total storage iron content in the foetal organs and the
      birth weight and gestational age of the foetus, suggesting that the preterm
      infants had smaller iron stores at birth as compared to infants born at term. The
      direct relation of the concentration as well as the total content of storage iron
      in the foetal liver with the maternal plasma iron levels suggested that babies
      born to iron deficient mothers had poor iron stores in their livers.

PMID- 4050417
TI  - Children of deviant birthweight: the influence of genetic and other factors on
      size at seven years.
AB  - 138 small-for-gestational age (SGA), 138 average-for-gestational age (AGA) and
      136 large-for-gestational age (LGA) children who had been followed up from birth
      were measured at the age of seven years. Parental measurements were also
      obtained. Significant differences for weight, height and head circumference of
      the children and their parents were found between the three groups. There were
      highly significant parent-child correlations for most somatic measures in all
      groups. Within each group the parental contribution to the variance in children's
      somatic measures was large; so also was the effect of sex on head circumference.
      Other biological and pathological factors made only a small contribution in any
      group.

PMID- 4050418
TI  - Non-IgE-mediated asthma in children.
AB  - Among 586 children with asthma, 484 (82%) were found to have IgE-mediated
      ("extrinsic") asthma, and seventy-two (12%) non-IgE ("intrinsic") asthma. The
      remaining 30 patients (6%) were classified as "intermediate", as they had serum
      IgE within or above serum IgE levels of healthy children but no allergy to common
      allergens. During a three-year study period, the seventy-two patients with
      intrinsic asthma as opposed to 84 patients with extrinsic asthma had
      significantly more hyperinflation of the lungs, more episodes of acute hospital
      admissions due to asthma and/or pneumonia, more elevated serum IgG and IgM, and
      more cultures from secretions of lower airways of Haemophilus influenzae and
      pneumococci. Further, although treated with corticosteroids, eleven of the
      children with intrinsic asthma showed progressive disease, judged from fixed
      and/or declining forced vital capacity followed by signs of lung fibrosis on
      repeated pulmonary X-rays. It is emphasized that children with intrinsic asthma
      may represent an entity of childhood asthma, in some cases with severe
      progression of disease within a few years.

PMID- 4050419
TI  - Changes in plasma lipoproteins from first day to third week of life in healthy
      breast-fed infants. I. Lipid and protein composition of lipoproteins.
AB  - Plasma lipoproteins were measured in seven healthy breast-fed infants three times
      during the first and on the third, sixth and twenty-first days of life. Plasma
      total beta-lipoprotein, very low density and low density lipoprotein increased
      three times during the first week of life. Plasma total apolipoprotein A-I and
      high density lipoprotein increased twice between the first and third week of
      life. These dramatic changes in plasma lipoprotein concentrations during the
      neonatal period can best be explained by the effect of feeding.

PMID- 4050420
TI  - Changes in plasma lipoproteins from first day to third week of life in healthy
      breast-fed infants. II. Fatty acid composition of lipoprotein triglyceride- and
      cholesterol esters.
AB  - The fatty acid composition of plasma lipoprotein-triglyceride (TG) and 
      cholesterol ester (CE) was studied in seven healthy breast-fed infants three
      times during the first day and on the third, sixth and twenty-first days of life.
      The major finding was a two-fold increase in the linoleic acid weight percent of
      plasma lipoprotein-TG and -CE between the first and third weeks of life. This
      increase could best be explained by the ingestion of breast-milk rich in linoleic
      acid.

PMID- 4050421
TI  - Silent seizures in sick infants in early life. Diagnosis by continuous cerebral
      function monitoring.
AB  - Cerebral electric activity was surveilled with a Cerebral Function Monitor (CFM)
      technique in 87 newborn infants under neonatal intensive care. A total of 26
      infants had electrographical signs of repeated seizure activity. Among these
      infants 14 had periods of one hour or more of silent seizures activity. Among
      these infants 14 had periods of one hour or more of silent seizures, i.e. typical
      pattern of ictal epileptic activity on CFM without clinical symptoms or signs of
      convulsions. The occurrence of silent seizures and their pattern in relation to
      the clinical condition and management was unpredictable in most cases. Besides
      general limpness or flaccidity in an outward quiet baby these infants showed no
      clinical fits or clonic convulsions. The findings indicate that anticonvulsive
      therapy in small infants may be insufficient and need re-evaluation, since the
      long-term effect of silent seizures on cerebral function and activity is still
      uncertain.

PMID- 4050422
TI  - Acute rheumatic fever in Swedish children 1971-80.
AB  - Hospital records from all Swedish children 0-15 years old diagnosed as having
      acute rheumatic fever (ARF) during 1971-80 were studied. Thirty-one children
      fully met with Jones' modified criterias which gives an incidence of 0.2 cases
      per 100 000 children and year. Carditis was the most common major manifestation
      of ARF. In most children the carditis was mild but in three cases there was a
      persistent cardial affection. 16 of the children received prophylactic antibiotic
      treatment. No recurrent attacks of ARF were found during the study period.

PMID- 4050423
TI  - Mechanical power output in children aged 11 and 14 years.
AB  - Short-term power output in jumping and cycling has been measured in 56 children
      aged 11 and 14 years. The results showed that the peak power output in cycling
      (Wb) and jumping (Wp) were closely associated (r = 0.91) but in absolute terms Wb
      was approximately 34% greater than Wb. There were no significant differences in
      Wb (or Wp) between the 11-year-old boys and girls, but the 14-year-old boys
      recorded approximately 25% higher power output values in cycling and jumping than
      girls of the same age and were approximately twice as powerful as their younger
      male counterparts. The velocity of movement in cycling (Vb) and jumping (VT) for
      a given age were identical and independent of sex in the younger children. Peak
      power output in cycling was reached when force and velocity were equivalent to
      50% of their calculated maximal values. When Wb and Wp were related to an
      anthropometric estimate of leg muscle (plus bone) volume the difference in
      absolute power output between the children disappeared. The results suggest that
      the difference between Wp and Wb and the increase in absolute mechanical power
      output with age is mainly a function of size and the force which can be exerted
      at the optimal frequency of movement in children.

PMID- 4050424
TI  - Mortality, pathological findings and causes of death in the de Lange syndrome.
AB  - The mortality of 48 de Lange patients born 1917-82 was found slightly raised
      compared with the expected number of deaths, and the survival rates appeared to
      be lowered. No sex differences were observed. The causes of death and the
      pathological findings were evaluated in 11 patients. Pneumonia was the most
      frequent cause of death (6 patients). Congenital malformations seemed to be
      contributory causes of death in 5 patients, the most frequent being congenital
      heart disease and gastro-intestinal malformations. A wide variety of
      malformations were found but no consistent macroscopic or microscopic
      abnormalities could be demonstrated. An incidence figure of 1:50 000 was found
      for the years 1967-82.

PMID- 4050425
TI  - Zinc and copper in hair and plasma of children with chronic diarrhea.
AB  - Zinc and copper status was evaluated in nineteen children with chronic diarrhea.
      An intestinal biopsy suggested that eight of these patients had celiac disease
      and eleven suffered chronic diarrhea without malabsorption and had normal villi
      or minimal changes. They were studied for malabsorption and compared with two
      control groups consisting of nineteen healthy and eleven malnourished children.
      Plasma zinc was depressed in the celiac disease group when compared with the
      normal children, but was similar to that of the malnourished children. Hair zinc
      was also depressed for the chronic diarrhea groups (23.2 +/- 15.2 and 34.4 +/-
      21.9 micrograms/g for those with or without malabsorption respectively, vs. 97.9
      +/- 15.2 for the healthy group). Plasma and hair copper values were diminished in
      both groups with chronic diarrhea. A significant correlation was found between
      plasma carotene levels after oral carotene overload, and both plasma zinc and
      hair copper values (r = 0.62, p less than 0.01 and r = 0.56, p less than 0.05,
      respectively). There was also a significant correlation between plasma zinc and
      plasma protein (r = 0.54, p less than 0.05). Hair determinations seem to be more
      sensitive than plasma values to changes in zinc or copper status in chronic
      diarrhea. Chronic diarrhea in children is associated with lower levels of zinc
      and copper, especially when accompanied by malabsorption.

PMID- 4050426
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of jejunal biopsies in patients with untreated and
      treated coeliac disease.
AB  - Biopsy specimens of jejunal mucosa from children with coeliac disease (CD) were
      examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM) before
      and after gluten-free diet. The results demonstrate that SEM is more sensitive
      than LM in documenting early morphological restoration of jejunal mucosa in
      patients treated with gluten-free diet.

PMID- 4050427
TI  - Vitamin B12 deficiency in cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 4050428
TI  - Transdermal anticholinergic treatment of reflex anoxic seizures.

PMID- 4050429
TI  - Management of pituitary gigantism. The role of bromocriptine and radiotherapy.
AB  - True gigantism with overproduction of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) was
      diagnosed in two boys, aged 13 years (case I) and 7 1/2 years (case II). Both had
      shown increased growth rates since early childhood (from 4 years and 1 1/2 years,
      respectively), but no skeletal acromegalic features were noted. However, both
      showed increased sweating and both had advanced pubic hair relative to testis
      volume. No other pituitary dysfunction was recorded. Case I underwent
      transsphenoidal surgery with only incomplete and temporary suppression of GH and
      PRL levels. However, in both patients bromocriptine administration promptly
      suppressed PRL levels. Following combined irradiation and bromocriptine
      treatment, GH also gradually normalized over a period of 2 years. Both boys are
      still on treatment, and both showed an increase in plasma GH concentrations when
      the dose of bromocriptine was reduced or discontinued, indicating that even 3 1/2
      5 years after irradiation therapy (and during continuous treatment with
      bromocriptine) the disease was controlled but not cured. However, in these two
      boys bromocriptine has proved effective in controlling the PRL/GH oversecretion.

PMID- 4050430
TI  - Maple syrup urine disease variant form: presentation with psychomotor retardation
      and CT scan abnormalities.
AB  - A female infant with an intermediate variant of maple syrup urine disease is
      described. The patient had psychomotor retardation and high plasma levels of
      branched chain aminoacids. Leucine decarboxylation rate in leukocytes was
      diminished. Cranial computed tomography showed decreased density in the cerebral
      white matter. After starting dietary treatment the infant resumed her psychomotor
      development and the abnormal images previously seen on computed tomography
      disappeared.

PMID- 4050431
TI  - Natural killer activity in two cases of ataxia telangiectasia.
AB  - We report two cases of ataxia telangiectasia in which a small number of T cells
      and a slightly diminished response to phytohaemagglutinin or concanavalin A were
      observed. In one case, serum IgA was undetectable. In spite of T and/or B cell
      involvement, natural killer activity and the percentage of natural killer cells
      determined by monoclonal antibodies Leu 7 were normal in both cases.

PMID- 4050432
TI  - Cardiac rhabdomyomas in a newborn baby. Early diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - Cardiac tumours are rarities in newborn infants. The majority of them are
      rhabdomyomas as a manifestation of the basic disease-tuberous sclerosis. The
      clinical picture may vary from serious arrhythmias to A-V valve obstruction and
      gross myocardial dysfunction. Therefore these patients are extremely poor
      candidates for invasive diagnostic procedures and surgical treatment. Our patient
      had intrauterine cardiac arrhythmias, and a prenatal echocardiogram showed
      features of A-V septal defect malformation. Therefore the echocardiogram was
      repeated soon after birth and it revealed intracardiac tumours. The patient was
      operated on the first day of life and four intracavitary tumours were
      successfully removed.

PMID- 4050433
TI  - Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. The value of liver and biliary
      scintigraphy for differential diagnosis.
AB  - Although benign liver tumors are extremely rare in pediatric patients, this 9
      year-old boy had focal nodular hyperplasia in the left lobe of the liver. The
      diagnosis of hyperplasia was made before laparotomy with the help of various
      radiological examinations, especially liver and biliary scintigraphy.

PMID- 4050434
TI  - The ultrastructural localization of iron in human bone marrow plasma cells.
AB  - Ferritin was demonstrated by electron microscopy in bone marrow plasma cells of
      four patients with multiple myeloma and in one patient with another malignant
      disease. The ferritin molecules were present in membrane bound vesicles and
      freely dispersed in the cytoplasm. The plasma cells were often localized around
      and in close contact with dendritic macrophages, which frequently were laden with
      ferritin. In some of these plasma cells ferritin was seen at specialized contact
      zones with macrophage extensions.

PMID- 4050435
TI  - The relationship between atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta and renal scarring
      in an autopsy material.
AB  - With the aim of examining the possible association between atherosclerosis of the
      aorta and renal scarring, an autopsy study comprising 81 men and 43 women was
      performed. The per cent intimal surface involved with atherosclerosis in the
      aorta above the renal arteries was determined by morphometry, and the per cent
      surface profile of the kidney affected by scarring was measured microscopically
      in a standardized fashion. In addition, the following variables were determined:
      the age of the patient, diameter of the renal artery ostia, weight of the
      kidneys, heart weight, presence or absence of signs of sustained myocardial
      infarction, highest measured systolic blood pressure and the number of
      macroscopic renal scars. The data were subjected to both simple correlation and
      multiple regression analyses. In both men and women there was a significant
      simple correlation between the degree of atherosclerosis in the aorta and the
      extent of subcapsular microscopic renal scarring. In men, the prime importance of
      aortic atherosclerosis for microscopic renal scarring was supported in the
      multiple regression analysis. In women, this analysis showed that age was the
      determining predictive factor for microscopical renal scarring. The results may
      be taken to support the hypothesis that micro-embolism from an atherosclerotic
      aorta may be a cause of microscopic subcapsular scars in the kidneys.

PMID- 4050436
TI  - DNA content in carcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid.
AB  - Using single cell cytometry the pattern of DNA content in preoperative samples
      from 131 carcinomas of the rectum and rectosigmoid has been studied. For
      comparison, 21 carcinomas of the colon, 44 colorectal polyps and mucosa adjacent
      to the tumours were also included. The biopsies were classified into near diploid
      (ND), near diploid with aneuploid cells (ND-anc) and aneuploid (AN). A more
      specific subclassification of aneuploid samples was not consistent because of a
      commonly occurring multiclonality, where different clones dominated different
      parts of the tumours. Fifteen of all 130 representatively sampled rectal
      carcinomas were ND; however, all the ND scores were based on a single sample.
      Among 31 multiply-sampled carcinomas none registered as ND in all samples. There
      were no principal differences in patterns of DNA profiles between rectal and
      colon carcinomas. Five samples from the pericancerous mucosa and samples from 4
      adenomas showed non-ND patterns, which may be a premalignant sign. The main
      conclusions of these results are that rectal carcinomas, even if they contain a
      substantial ND cell population, to a very great extent contains cells with an
      abnormal DNA content. The carcinomas can be classified according to their pre
      operatively estimated DNA content. The clinical relevance of this will be judged
      when the patients have been followed for longer time periods.

PMID- 4050437
TI  - Malignant transformation in human colorectal mucosa as monitored by distribution
      of laminin, a basement membrane glycoprotein.
AB  - The distribution of laminin, a basement membrane glycoprotein, was studied by
      indirect immunofluorescence technique using rabbit anti-laminin serum in fifty
      seven samples of normal, hyperplastic, adenomatous and carcinomatous colorectal
      tissue. As judged by the expression of laminin normal, hyperplastic and
      adenomatous colorectal mucosa were characterized by a continuous, linear basement
      membrane. A thick band-like basement membrane was seen under the surface
      epithelium and at the mouths of the crypts in normal and hyperplastic mucosa. The
      adenomatous epithelium was uniformly characterized by a thin, linear basement
      membrane. In contrast, marked alterations were constantly observed in colorectal
      carcinomas and their metastases, which showed a discontinuous, linear or patchy
      basement membrane. Our study suggests that the expression of laminin is related
      to cellular differentiation, and the thickness of the laminin-positive basement
      membrane parallels with the epithelial maturation of normal and hyperplastic
      colorectal mucosa and with the failure of the epithelial differentiation in
      adenomas. In colorectal carcinomas and their metastases the distribution of
      laminin is constantly altered and the severity of the alterations correlates with
      the histological grade of these tumours.

PMID- 4050438
TI  - Renal structure and function in chronic experimental aortic coarctation in dogs
      treated with antihypertensive drugs.
AB  - The possible damaging effect on the kidneys of antihypertensive therapy in aortic
      coarctation was evaluated experimentally in eighteen canine puppies. Aortic
      coarctation was carried out in 13 puppies at the age of two months while sham
      surgery was carried out on five control puppies. Six coarctated dogs were treated
      with hydrochlorothiazide, propranolol and prazosin. Antihypertensive therapy was
      started two months after the operation. Seven coarcted puppies did not receive
      any treatment. The dogs were followed up for 7 months after which fixation of the
      kidneys was performed. Antihypertensive therapy decreased blood pressure
      significantly although the level seen in the control dogs was not attained. There
      were no signs of deterioration of renal function. Neither light microscopic
      analysis nor electron microscopy revealed morphological abnormalities in the
      kidneys of any of the dogs. The present results show that active antihypertensive
      therapy in experimental coarctation, although not resulting in a normalization
      but in a significant lowering of blood pressure, is safe and does not cause any
      morphologic damage in the kidney before corrective surgery. The absence of
      juxtaglomerular hypertrophy supports the hypothesis that the renin-angiotensin
      system is not activated in chronic coarctation of aorta.

PMID- 4050439
TI  - Genetic transformation in Streptococcus sanguis. Effects on genetic
      transformation by culture filtrates of Streptococcus sanguis (serogroups H and W)
      and streptococcus mitis (mitior) with reference to identification.
AB  - Streptococcus sanguis (serogroups H and W) strains are frequently competent in
      genetic transformation. In a collection of 18 strains of S. sanguis isolated from
      blood cultures, 12 strains were spontaneously competent in transformation by
      streptomycin-resistant DNA, and three strains were induced to competence by the
      use of culture filtrates containing competence factor (CF). Culture filtrates
      from spontaneously competent S. sanguis strains only induced competence in
      transformation of strains of the same species. In addition to the three
      "constitutional" types of S. sanguis with regard to specificity of transformation
      previously reported (originally represented by the strain Challis, 13b and NCTC
      7863), a possible fourth type, (represented by strain 21452) was found. Further
      studies are required to ascertain the role of these types. The "constitutional"
      types are characterized by the range of activity of their CF's. These
      specificities seem useful in identification of S. sanguis and its separation from
      S. mitis (mitior). Tests of spontaneously competent strains with culture
      filtrates from other competent strains showed variable effects on the
      transformation frequencies in different strains.

PMID- 4050440
TI  - Antibody response against whole Staphylococcus aureus in patients with
      staphylococcal septicaemia and endocarditis investigated by ELISA.
AB  - A whole cell Staphylococcus aureus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for
      the detection of IgG antibodies against S. aureus has been developed. To avoid
      non-specific binding of IgG to protein A, the protein A-poor strains of S.
      aureus, E 1369 and Wood 46, were used as antigens. One-hundred and eighty serum
      samples from 120 patients with S. aureus endocarditis, non S. aureus
      endocarditis, S. aureus septicaemia and non S. aureus septicaemia were tested
      together with sera from 155 healthy controls. The sensitivity was similar for the
      E 1369 ELISA and the Wood 46 ELISA and positive test values were detected in
      84.2% of patients with S. aureus endocarditis and 41.2% of patients with
      complicated S. aureus septicaemia. No distinction could be found between
      complicated and uncomplicated S. aureus septicaemia. The E 1369 ELISA was more
      specific showing cross reactions with sera from patients infected with other
      bacteria than S. aureus in 3.6%. Furthermore, the reproducibility was better for
      the E 1369 ELISA with a coefficient of variation at 0.054. The absence of need
      for purified antigens makes the whole S. aureus ELISA easy, rapid and cheap.
      Therefore, we suggest the whole S. aureus ELISA as a good alternative to
      previously reported assays using purified cell wall antigens.

PMID- 4050441
TI  - Campylobacter strains in Sweden. Serotyping and correlation to clinical symptoms.
AB  - Campylobacter is one of the most common causes of diarrhoea in humans. Different
      typing systems have been put forward as aids to improved understanding of the
      epidemiology and clinical signs of the disease. In the present investigation we
      have adopted indirect haemagglutination for serotyping of heatstable (Penner)
      antigens and direct slideagglutination for heatlabile (Lior) antigens. All the
      strains from the patients (n = 277) seeking medical care for diarrhoea at the
      East Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden over 21 months were studied. With 19 antisera
      against heatstable antigens, 79.8% of the domestic strains were typable and 73.8%
      of the foreign strains. For the heatlabile antigens corresponding figures were
      94.2% and 87.2%. There was a great variety of combinations of heatstable and
      heatlabile antigens on the strains. No marked relation between one antigen or
      antigen combination and clinical sign of disease was found. We conclude that
      serotyping is mainly useful for epidemiological studies. A limited number of
      antisera can be used for typing the majority of strains. If a choice is to be
      made, typing for heatlabile antigen seems simple and gives somewhat higher
      typability.

PMID- 4050442
TI  - Cimetidine enhances interferon induced augmentation of NK cell activity and
      suppresses interferon production.
AB  - Effects of cimetidine on the augmentation of natural killer (NK) cell activity by
      human leukocyte interferon (Hu IFN-alpha (Le] and on the IFN production from
      donor leukocytes were investigated in vitro. NK cell activity of PBL was
      suppressed after 16 hours pretreatment with 0.3, 3.0, and 30.0 micrograms/ml of
      cimetidine. On the other hand, there was dose dependent suppression of Hu IFN
      alpha (Le) production in PBL by cimetidine. The NK cell activity of PBL augmented
      by Hu IFN-alpha (Le) was further enhanced when the effector cells were pretreated
      with cimetidine or when cimetidine was added together with IFN. K562, G361, and
      PLC/PRF/5 cells were used as target cells. Our results suggest that a 16 hour
      treatment with cimetidine alone may suppress NK cell activity of PBL, probably
      due to reduced IFN production by leukocytes. On the other hand, cimetidine may
      enhance the IFN induced NK augmentation in PBL in vitro.

PMID- 4050443
TI  - Antibodies against Chlamydia measured by an ELISA method.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of serum IgG and
      IgM antibodies against chlamydia group antigen is presented. 187 selected sera
      were tested both in the ELISA and in the complement-fixation test (CFT). Of 71
      sera with negative results in the CFT, 19 (26.8%) were positive in the ELISA. Of
      116 CFT positive sera, ten (8,6%) were ELISA negative. In 35 of 72 sera (48.6%)
      with CFT titre less than 40 chlamydial IgM was demonstrated, while 11 of 115 sera
      (9.5%) with CFT titre less than 40, were IgM positive. IgM may inhibit binding of
      IgG to the antigen by competition. The ELISA showed a greater discrimination
      between titre-values compared to the CFT. The results are presented as "estimated
      titers". This method is based on linear logarithmic dose-response curves. The
      method gives a continuous titre scale, is easily understood, is reproducible and
      may be used in seroepidemiology. One single serum dilution is required except for
      sera with high titre which have to be retested at a higher dilution.

PMID- 4050444
TI  - Pyrimethamine-induced alterations in human lymphocytes in vitro. Mechanisms and
      reversal of the effect.
AB  - It has previously been shown that the antiprotozoal drug pyrimethamine (PYR) in
      concentrations corresponding to those obtained in clinical practice temporarily
      suppressed the proliferation of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA-) stimulated human
      lymphocytes in vitro; 10-fold higher concentrations permanently suppressed PHA
      stimulated cells, as indicated by decreased numbers of cells and DNA synthesis.
      In the present study, it was found that the 3H-deoxyuridine incorporation in PHA
      stimulated lymphocytes was suppressed by PYR, and that PYR caused defective
      deoxyuridine suppression of 14C-thymidine incorporation. The effects of PYR were
      completely corrected by low concentrations of folinic acid and high
      concentrations of folic acid, indicating that the basic mechanism of action of
      PYR is competitive blocking of dihydrofolate reductase. However, the effect of
      PYR was poorly corrected by exogenous thymidine; therefore, reduced thymidylate
      synthesis cannot be the sole consequence of PYR exposure. It is suggested that an
      additional folate-dependent factor plays an important role in the antimitotic
      activity of PYR on lymphocytes.

PMID- 4050445
TI  - [Direct potentiometric determination of phenomerborum by volumetric solution of
      sodium tetraphenylborate].

PMID- 4050446
TI  - [Post-mortem toxicological analysis and comparison of concentrations of drugs in
      organs and bones].

PMID- 4050447
TI  - [Investigation of drug film coatings. II. Study of the elasticity of films].

PMID- 4050448
TI  - In vitro biopharmaceutical test for wetting rate.

PMID- 4050449
TI  - Comparative bioavailability studies on different cimetidine preparations.

PMID- 4050450
TI  - [Pharmacological study of benzylpenicillin-benzamido-methylester. II. Comparison
      of the pharmacokinetic properties of benzylpenicillin-benzamido-methylester and
      penamecillin (Moripen)].

PMID- 4050451
TI  - The effect of thiabendazole on pain threshold.
AB  - Thiabendazole significantly increased the reaction time to thermal stimulus.
      However, in mice treated with morphine, the reaction time was not in any way
      different from those treated with combined doses of thiabendazole and morphine.
      Thiabendazole was found to have an antinociceptive action. The protective dose
      for 50% of animal (ED50) against p-benzoquinone-induced writhing reflex was found
      to be 310 mg/kg. The ED50 for aspirin alone was 140 mg/kg. When the ED50 of
      aspirin was determined in combination with different dose levels of
      thiabendazole, it showed a marked reduction in the values reaching 50 mg/kg, when
      300 mg of thiabendazole was used in combination. Toxicological studies revealed
      that the oral LD50 for thiabendazole in mice was 2200 mg/kg, and when combined
      with 140 mg/kg of aspirin, the LD50 was reduced to 900 mg/kg. These findings
      indicate that thiabendazole possesses an analgesic activity which is potentiated
      by aspirin, though aspirin was found to significantly enhance its toxicity.

PMID- 4050452
TI  - Effects of anaesthetics on protein synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes:
      inhibition by diethyl ether in contrast to no influence by pentobarbital and
      fentanyl.
AB  - Hepatocytes were isolated from livers of fasted rats by a two-step Ca++
      free/collagenase perfusion method. Suspensions of parenchymal liver cells were
      incubated in the absence and presence of three different anaesthetics, diethyl
      ether, pentobarbital and fentanyl at various concentrations. Their influence on
      the hepatocytes was monitored by measuring protein synthesis as the incorporation
      of L-(U-14C) valine (50 mCi/mol, 4.2 mM) into liver proteins. Diethyl ether
      representing anaesthetics mainly affecting cellular membranes unspecifically,
      inhibited protein synthesis markedly, concentrations of approximately 10, 20 and
      30 mM caused 27, 50 and 74 per cent inhibition respectively, of cellular protein
      synthesis. The rate of synthesis process of these proteins or that ether also
      inhibited protein secretion from cells to media. The effect of diethyl ether was
      completely reversible when the anaesthetic was removed by changing the medium.
      Pentobarbital representing barbiturate anaesthetics, reduced the synthesis of
      cell and medium proteins very little, while the opiate anaesthetic fentanyl had
      no inhibitory effect. These results demonstrate a potential hepatotoxic mechanism
      for membrane active drugs like diethyl ether. They also indicate that special
      precautions should be taken when this type of anaesthesia is used during the
      study of hepatic protein synthesis.

PMID- 4050453
TI  - The biological relevance of the protein binding of diazoxide.
AB  - The biological importance of the binding of diazoxide to serum protein was
      studied in vitro. Contractions in the rings of the rabbit pulmonary artery evoked
      by electrical field stimulation or exogenous noradrenaline (NA) were studied in
      the absence and presence of serum albumin (45 g/l) in Krebs-Henseleit (K-H)
      solutions. Diazoxide concentrations up to 128 micrograms/ml in the K-H solution
      and to 256 micrograms/ml in albumin K-H solutions diminished the contractions and
      albumin reduced this diminishing effect. Because of an apparent binding of
      exogenous noradrenaline to albumin only the experiments with electrical field
      stimulation were used to assess the biological importance of the protein binding
      of diazoxide. At 2 micrograms/ml of diazoxide the free drug fraction determined
      by ultrafiltration was 5% but determined by our biological method the free
      (active) fraction was 65%. In accordance with a previous clinical study we
      conclude that the binding of diazoxide to serum protein is important for the
      transportation of the drug to the arteriolar wall which apparently has a much
      higher affinity for the drug than serum albumin.

PMID- 4050454
TI  - 11-Deoxycortisol induces hepatic tryptophan oxygenase in rats.
AB  - 11-Deoxycortisol (cortexolone) has previously been used as a glucocorticoid
      antagonist in vitro and in adrenalectomized rats. Antiglucocorticoid properties
      of 11-deoxycortisol in intact rats were examined by studying the effect of 11
      deoxycortisol on the induction of hepatic tryptophan oxygenase (TO) by
      corticosterone. No antiglucocorticoid effect was observed. When 11-deoxycortisol
      was injected into rats, the TO activity increased. This was probably mainly
      caused by an elevation of the serum corticosterone level. The induction of TO by
      11-deoxycortisol was inhibited by metyrapone. However, 11-deoxycortisol (100
      mg/kg) was still not a glucocorticoid antagonist even in presence of metyrapone.

PMID- 4050455
TI  - Comparison of the calcium-antagonistic effects of terodiline, nifedipine and
      verapamil.
AB  - Studies were carried out on the Ca-antagonistic effects of terodiline and its
      enantiomers on the potassium-stimulated mesenteric and coronary arteries, on the
      spontaneous myogenic activity and norepinephrine- and acetylcholine-induced
      contractions of the protal vein and on electrically stimulated papillary muscle.
      The effects were compared with those of the Ca-antagonists, nifedipine and
      verapamil. Terodiline is relatively weak as a Ca-antagonist, having IC50-values
      between 5 X 10(-6) and 2 X 10(-5)M for all the tissues studied. Nifedipine is the
      most potent Ca-antagonist on vascular smooth muscle (IC50 3-6 X 10(-9) M), but is
      considerably less potent on the papillary muscle (IC50 10(-7)M). Verapamil is
      most potent on the papillary muscle (IC50 7 X 10(-8)M and the portal vein (IC50 6
      X 10(-8)M, but is 10 times less potent on the mesenteric and coronary arteries
      (IC50 3-5 X 10(-7)M). Nifedipine is 1000 times and verapamil and (-)-terodiline
      10 times more potent on the slow component of the K-induced contraction while (+/
      )- and (+)-terodiline are almost as active on the fast as on the slow component
      of K-induced contractions on the mesenteric artery. Furthermore, (+/-)-and (+)
      terodiline are 10 times more potent in antagonizing acetylcholine- and
      norepinephrine-induced contractions, whereas (-)-terodiline is equally potent and
      nifedipine and verapamil are 10 times more potent in blocking the myogenic
      activity of the portal vein. On the Ca2+-nifedipine and verapamil. However,
      nifedipine and verapamil, but not terodiline, in concentrations which blocked the
      maximal norepinephrine-induced response in non-depleted muscle, antagonized the
      contractions induced by norepinephrine together with Ca2+ in the Ca2+ depleted
      portal vein. These results show that terodiline blocks the uptake of Ca2+ and, in
      addition, blocks the utilization of some intracellular stores of Ca2+.

PMID- 4050456
TI  - Molecular structure and absolute configuration of the hydrochloride of a novel
      dopamine receptor antagonist: 2S(-)-5-chloro-3-ethyl-N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)
      methyl]-6-methoxysalicylamide.

PMID- 4050457
TI  - Determination of absolute configuration of a series of compounds with actions on
      dopamine receptors in the central nervous system.

PMID- 4050458
TI  - The use of graphic methods in working up multivariate data in toxicology.
AB  - There are various graphical methods of analyzing multivariate data. An example
      from the field of toxicology offers an opportunity to discuss graphical methods
      as a possibility of framing hypotheses, identifying outliers and classification.
      An attempt is made to compare these methods.

PMID- 4050459
TI  - Effect of the rate of blood loss on the plasma catecholamine response.
AB  - In the present experiments the influence on the sympatho-adrenal system of the
      rate of haemorrhage-induced blood pressure fall in dogs was studied by measuring
      the plasma catecholamine response. Bleeding to a mean arterial pressure of 5.3
      kPa in either 10 or 40 minutes caused an identical increase in the plasma
      catecholamine level. Similarly, there was no difference in bleeding volumes
      between the two groups. Within these limits the magnitude of the early
      catecholamine response was independent of the rate of the haemorrhage-induced
      decrease of blood pressure. The magnitude of the sympatho-adrenal response
      depended on the amount of lost blood. Bleeding for 80 minutes to the same
      pressure resulted in a considerably larger loss of blood and higher plasma
      catecholamine levels. No relationship was, however, found between the extent of
      the catecholamine response and the amount of the bleeding volume, probably due to
      some interaction with other control mechanisms.

PMID- 4050460
TI  - Effect of Yoshida ascites tumour on the circulation in rats.
AB  - The circulation in anaesthetized rats with Yoshida ascites tumour was studied.
      Cardiac output was determined according to the reference flow method, while the
      distribution of cardiac output by labelled microspheres 15 mu in diameter.
      Arterial blood pressure decreased by 39 mm Hg and TPR by 23% at unaltered cardiac
      output. Blood flow of the brain and the coronaries increased by 39-43% while that
      of the kidney and the intestines decreased by 43 and 28%, respectively. The
      cardiac output fractions of the brain, the coronaries and the hepatic artery
      increased considerably, while that of the kidney decreased. The haematocrit
      decreased from 43 to 23%. It is assumed that part of the circulatory alterations
      (redistribution of cardiac output) were due to the anaemia and its consequences,
      while the others (arterial hypotension, lack of increase in cardiac output)
      should be regarded as an effect of a factor reaching the circulation from the
      cells of the ascites tumour.

PMID- 4050461
TI  - Analysis of skeletal muscle capillarization: methodological problems.
AB  - Capillarization of skeletal muscle has been studied on the same muscle with
      different methods. Capillary/muscle fibre ratio, number of muscle fibres in
      contact with capillaries, capillary density in a unit area, capillary density on
      the muscle fibre surface were determined. The various methods gave different
      numerical data. Determination of capillary/muscle fibre ratio seemed to be the
      most reliable index of the changes in pathological conditions.

PMID- 4050462
TI  - Early postischaemic renal fibrin deposition and reduction of glomerular
      filtration rate in the rat: effect of the defibrinating agent Arwin.
AB  - The correlation between the extent of intrarenal fibrin deposition induced by 15,
      20 and 30-min bilateral occlusion of the renal arteries and the reduction of
      glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has been studied. The tissue level of fibrin was
      estimated by 125I-labelled human fibrinogen. There was a significant negative
      correlation between cortical and medullary fibrin content and GFR. In rats
      pretreatment with the defibrinating agent Arwin failed to prevent postischaemic
      coagulation in the kidney and the reduction of GFR.

PMID- 4050463
TI  - Further studies on reflectometric monitoring of cerebrocortical microcirculation.
      Importance of lactate anions in coupling between cerebral blood flow and
      metabolism.
AB  - In order to elucidate the possible role of lactate anions in the coupling between
      cerebral metabolism and blood flow (CBF), a circumscribed area of the brain
      cortex of chloralose anaesthetized cats was superfused with various
      concentrations (1-50 mM) of lithium-(1)-lactate. Cerebrocortical microcirculation
      (vascular volume, mean transit time, blood flow) and fluorescence of reduced
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) were measured with a microscope fluoro
      reflectometer. Before carrying out these experiments, the penetration depth of
      the 366 nm exciting light onto the brain cortex has been determined in vitro in
      cortical brain slices. In addition, in model experiments we studied the effect of
      deoxygenation of haemoglobin on intensity of the fluorescence and reflected
      lights measured at 450 nm and 366 nm, respectively. The in vitro experiments
      showed that approximately 95% of the exciting light may be absorbed by the 0.24
      mm thick superficial layers of the brain cortex. A reasonably good linear
      relationship (correlation coefficient -0.96) was obtained between the blood
      content of the samples (blood content was varied between 1000 times and 10 times
      diluted arterial blood) and the reflectance signal (366 nm), and this
      relationship was not altered discernibly by 0.1 M sodium sulphite. These results
      indicate that the reflectance signal, measured at 366 nm in vivo in the intact
      brain cortex, is a good measure of the changes of cortical blood content, i.e.
      vascular volume. Topically applied lactate increased cerebrocortical NAD
      reduction in dependence on the concentration. The lactate-produced increase in
      NADH fluorescence was probably due to the conversion of lactate to pyruvate by
      the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase and, hence, the reduction of mitochondrial NAD
      (substrate effect). Because even 50 mM lactate increased CBF only slightly, by
      9.4 +/- 2.5%, our results may rule out the involvement of lactate anions (without
      concomitant acidosis) in the coupling between cerebral metabolism and blood flow.

PMID- 4050464
TI  - Factors influencing the response time in extrapolation of motion studies.
AB  - The linear dependence between the response time and the concealment time in
      prediction of motion studies is confirmed. The parameters of the linear
      relationship could be considered as individual characteristics of the subjects.
      Our and other experimental results show that the parameters of the linear
      relationship could be manipulated selectively. Factors, which influence velocity
      perception and the subject's knowledge of the results, change mainly the slope
      value. Factors, changing the concealment time uncertainty, e. g. the moment of
      target presentation, affect the intercept value. It is supposed that the slope
      value reflects the subjective velocity scale and that the intercept value is
      related to the individual peculiarities of the subjects in organization and
      execution of a response in a definite moment.

PMID- 4050465
TI  - Filtering role of the atrioventricular node in atrial fibrillations.
AB  - Experiments on rabbit heart preparations were carried out with the aim of
      studying the causal relation between the signals at the input and at the output
      of the atrioventricular node (AVN) during atrial fibrillations (AF). Electrograms
      were recorded simultaneously from the posterior and anterior inputs and from the
      output of AVN, together with cellular action potentials from one or two
      structures of the node. AVN is shown to play the role of a filtering unit for the
      excitatory waves passing from the atria to the ventricles during AF. The random
      and fragmentary character of the atrial excitatory front during AF causes
      summation of excitatory waves, local and manifested re-entry, and conduction
      along competitive pathways. These processes accompany both the successful
      conduction through AVN and the blocking of the excitation at different levels in
      the node. The filtration process takes place mainly in the AN- and N-zones of the
      node. In the NH-zone conduction does not differ compared to that in the case of
      spontaneous rhythm. The results obtained show that conduction through AVN during
      AF does not take place through triggering of specific mechanisms, but through a
      complex combination of the mechanisms characterizing the deteriorated conduction
      under extreme conditions.

PMID- 4050466
TI  - Interaction between atrial excitation waves and conduction in the
      atrioventricular node. II. Differences in the conduction of basic rhythms with
      different phasic correlation between the posterior and anterior inputs.
AB  - During in vitro experiments on the right atrium of rabbit heart microelectrodes
      were used to record simultaneously action potentials from different cells in the
      atrioventricular node (AVN) under stationary basic rhythms, imposed separately or
      jointly at the posterior and anterior inputs. A comparison was made of the
      pattern of conduction in the three different phase correlations between the input
      excitatory waves. Causal relation is found between the changes in the phase
      correlation and the conduction pattern with unchanged duration of the basic
      cycle. The formation of more than one excitatory front in AVN has no priority
      connection with the anterior input. Although stimulation at the posterior input
      is connected with more homogeneous conduction, even then the formation and
      interaction of two excitatory fronts is possible; on the other hand, during
      independent stimulation of the anterior input the formation of a second
      excitatory wave is possible, which, upon entering the node posteriorly, may have
      a dominating influence on conduction. A special case is the differentiation of an
      excitatory front which enters AVN only through one of the inputs. For example,
      upon anterior stimulation it is possible to induce one direct excitatory front to
      the N-zone and a second one which first activates the posterior AN-zone and then
      turns antegradely. The interaction of these two fronts creates different patterns
      concerning the characteristics of the action potentials and the organization of
      conduction, being related to the complex spatial inhomogeneous structure of
      excitable elements in different refractory phases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4050467
TI  - Perception of line orientation in the center and periphery of the visual field.
AB  - Perception of orientation in the center and periphery of the visual field were
      compared. The stimuli were bright lines 1 degree long. They were presented
      equiprobably in 18 orientations from 0 degree to 180 degrees at the center or at
      20 degrees in the periphery of the visual field. Stimulus duration was 50 msec
      and its intensity was twice above the detection threshold for each localization.
      Percentage of errors, response standard deviation, stimulus standard deviation
      from the orientation assigned and information transmitted were studied. No scale
      or standard stimulus were presented. At both stimulus localizations the accuracy
      of orientation was high and the errors larger than 20 degrees were less than 10%
      of all responses. There was a small but significant foveal superiority in
      accuracy and information transmitted. For central vision, the percentage of
      errors, response standard deviation and stimulus standard deviation all showed an
      oblique effect, i. e. a lower performance with oblique lines than with vertical
      or horizontal. For the peripheral vision, some measures (response standard
      deviation) showed an oblique effect and others (stimulus standard deviation and
      percentage of errors) did not. This makes difficult the conclusions about the
      presence of an oblique effect at the periphery. Further studies by methods free
      of response bias are necessary.

PMID- 4050468
TI  - Differences in the in vivo effects of cuprizone on superoxide dismutase activity
      in rat liver cytosol and mitochondrial intermembrane space.
AB  - Through aerobic NBT2+ photoreduction in the absence or in the presence of 10(-4)
      M EDTA and through o-dianisidine photooxidation superoxide dismutase (SOD)
      activity was differentiated as enzymatic and nonenzymatic. SOD activity in
      cytosol and mitochondrial matrix was enzymatic, while 50% of the SOD activity in
      the intermembrane space was nonenzymatic. Cuprizone inhibited by 40% the
      cytosolic SOD activity and by more than 50% the nonenzymatic SOD activity in
      intermembrane space without, however, changing the enzymatic SOD activity in the
      latter fraction. Single copper injection increased enzymatic SOD activity: the
      cuprizone-inhibited cytosolic dismutase activity restored to normal and the
      unaltered dismutase activity in the intermembrane space exceeded that in the
      controls.

PMID- 4050469
TI  - Lipid peroxidation in liver mitochondria from copper-loaded rats.
AB  - The amount of phospholipids in liver mitochondria decreased after chronic
      alimentary copper-loading of rats (40 mg CuSO4 per rat per day in the course of
      two weeks), while 24 hours after a single intraperitoneal injection of copper (20
      mg CuSO4 per kg body weight) it remained unchanged, notwithstanding that both
      copper treatments highly increased the copper level in mitochondria. Alimentary
      copper-loading led to a decrease in the relative proportions of the majority of
      unsaturated fatty acids in mitochondrial phospholipids. Both the spontaneous and
      Fe2+-induced formation of malonaldehyde were more enhanced in the mitochondria
      from the two experimental groups as compared to the controls.

PMID- 4050470
TI  - Effects of graded focal cold block in the solitary and para-ambigual regions of
      the medulla in the cat.
AB  - Unilateral focal cold blocks in the region of the nucleus tractus solitarius and
      the dorsal respiratory group of neurons, DRG, of anaesthetized cats consistently
      caused apneustic-type breathing. There was no concomitant change in the initial
      rate of rise of inspiratory activity. The apneustic prolongation of inspiratory
      duration, TI, was most pronounced in, but was not confined to, the DRG. The
      apneustic effects were more marked after vagotomy. In cats with intact vagus
      nerves being given artificial ventilation, focal cooling at certain sites of the
      DRG region could produce 'unlocking' of the respiratory rhythm from that of the
      respiratory pump. At other sites in this region, focal cooling could selectively
      block the effects of the inspiration-facilitating reflex induced by deflation
      without blocking the inspiration-inhibiting Hering-Breuer reflex. Unilateral
      focal cold blocks in the region of the intermediate part of the ventral
      respiratory group of neurons, VRG, generally caused depression of the rate of
      rise of inspiratory activity, but almost never apneustic effects. All effects of
      unilateral focal cooling both in the DRG and VRG were bilaterally symmetrical. No
      systematic differences between the effects on phrenic and external intercostal
      inspiratory activity were found in response to focal cooling either of the DRG or
      VRG suggesting that differential control of phrenic and external intercostal
      motoneurons is not exerted mainly at the level of these medullary structures. The
      results suggest that the DRG and VRG areas exert somewhat different effects on
      the respiratory pattern: DRG appears to be more concerned with integration of
      vagal and other inputs contributing to the inspiratory off-switch mechanisms
      which, however, are not confined only to the DRG. The VRG inspiratory mechanisms,
      on the other hand, appear to be more involved in the gain control of the
      inspiratory output intensity.

PMID- 4050471
TI  - Release of expiratory muscle activity by graded focal cold block in the medulla.
AB  - Disinhibition or 'release' of expiratory muscle activity in response to focal
      cooling of various medullary structures was of two kinds: (1) release of rhythmic
      expiratory activity even when no such activity was recruited in the control
      situation and (2) release of tonic activity in the 'expiratory' muscles. Release
      of rhythmic expiratory activity was mainly elicited by focal cooling of
      structures in the intermediate part of the medulla and release of tonic activity
      was preferentially induced by cooling rostroventral structures, although a
      considerable overlap did occur. Release of rhythmic expiratory activity was not
      related to any changes in expiratory time (TE) or to any associated variations in
      the pattern of inspiratory activity. It showed a marked increase with increasing
      levels of PCO2. The release of tonic activity was not CO2-dependent. Both types
      of effects could be mimicked by focal microinjections of lignocaine and were
      reflected by corresponding changes in activity of a majority of the expiration
      related neurons. These results suggest that complex and widespread neural
      substrates subserve the control of the intensity of rhythmic expiratory activity
      and of the tonic activity of the abdominal and intercostal muscles. These neural
      mechanisms can apparently operate independently from those controlling the
      inspiratory activity. The release of the tonic activity observed in the
      'expiratory' muscles might reflect a disinhibition of mechanisms involved in non
      respiratory functions of expiratory muscles.

PMID- 4050472
TI  - X-ray microanalysis of resting and stimulated rat pancreas.
AB  - The elemental distribution in acinar cells of rat pancreas was investigated by X
      ray microanalysis of thin, freeze-dried cryosections. In the resting cell, the
      highest calcium concentrations were found in the basal part of the cell
      (including the endoplasmic reticulum) and in the zymogen granules. Mitochondrial
      calcium concentrations were low. Zymogen granules were rich in sulphur, but low
      in phosphorus, sodium and potassium. Stimulation of the pancreas by perfusion in
      vivo with the cholinergic agonist carbachol caused a significant decrease of the
      calcium concentration in the basal part of the cell and an increase in the
      calcium concentration in the apical part of the cell. The mitochondrial calcium
      concentration was not significantly altered. In addition, increased sodium and
      decreased potassium concentrations, giving rise to a significant increase in Na/K
      ratio were observed in all cell compartments measured, except in the zymogen
      granules.

PMID- 4050474
TI  - Diurnal rhythm of melatonin in human saliva.
AB  - Human mixed saliva extracted with chloroform was found to contain immunoreactive
      melatonin which eluted in HPLC as synthetic melatonin. There was a clear diurnal
      rhythm in saliva melatonin with low day and high night levels. A similar rhythm
      was observed in serum. The high night levels in saliva were lower than the
      corresponding levels in serum. The calculated secretion rate of melatonin into
      saliva was less than 0.5-0.9 pmol X h-1 during the day and 1.0-2.4 pmol X h-1
      during the night. Saliva sampling can be used as a simple and non-invasive way of
      studying melatonin secretion in human body.

PMID- 4050473
TI  - Effects of gymnemic acid on the chorda tympani proper nerve responses to sweet,
      sour, salty and bitter taste stimuli in the chimpanzee.
AB  - In man gymnemic acid is able to abolish the sweet taste. Also in man, the neural
      correlate of that effect is a disappearance of the response to sweet stimuli in
      the taste nerves, as indicated by the observations of Diamant et al. (1965).
      Although a variety of other mammals also show neural responses to sweet-tasting
      compounds, the corresponding effect of gymnemic acid has not been demonstrated.
      This study presents chorda tympani proper nerve recordings from the chimpanzee
      before and after gymnemic acid. On the chimpanzee tongue, application of 2 ml
      gymnemic acid (3-10 mg X ml-1 for 3-4 min) completely abolished the taste
      responses to 0.0035 M acesulfam-K, 0.0018 M aspartame, 0.015 M D-tryptophan,
      0.02% monellin, and 0.02% thaumatin, reduced by 75% the response to 0.3 M
      sucrose, and by 50% that of 0.76 M xylitol. No decrease was recorded in the
      responses to 0.001 M quinine, 0.1 M NaCl, 0.02 and 0.04 M ascorbic acid, 0.02 and
      0.04 M citric acid. The response to the sweeteners recovered with time and the
      recovery was complete or nearly complete after one and a half hours. It was also
      found that after application of 2 ml miraculin, 3 mg X ml-1 for 3 min to the
      tongue the neural response to acids was about 1.5 times as large as before.
      Gymnemic acid applied before miraculin prevented this enhancement and gymnemic
      acid after miraculin depressed the enhancement by miraculin of the response to
      citric and ascorbic acid.

PMID- 4050475
TI  - Cholinergic and adrenergic neural control of smooth muscle function in the non
      pregnant rat uterine cervix.
AB  - The isolated circular smooth muscle of the uterine cervix from spayed rats was
      investigated in vitro. One group of animals was treated with oestrogen.
      Preparations from these rats showed no spontaneous contractile activity, but
      responded with contractions to electrical field stimulation. The contractions
      were blocked by approximately 85% with atropine, scopolamine and tetrodotoxin,
      but were unaffected by the adrenergic antagonists propranolol, phenoxybenzamine,
      and yohimbine. This neurogenic effect was potentiated by neostigmine.
      Noradrenaline inhibited the nerve-induced contractions and also lowered resting
      tension in a concentration-dependent way. The latter effect of noradrenaline was
      inhibited by propranolol. The indirect effects of noradrenaline on the
      electrically induced contractions were also inhibited by propranolol, but
      potentiated with phenoxybenzamine and, to a less extent, yohimbine. Nerve-induced
      relaxation was never observed. Acetylcholine contracted the smooth muscle by an
      effect that was counteracted by atropine. A second group of spayed rats was not
      given any steroid treatment. The cervix preparations from these animals showed
      spontaneous activity, which was uninfluenced by atropine, propranolol,
      phenoxybenzamine, yohimbine, and tetrodotoxin. Noradrenaline inhibited the
      spontaneous activity. This noradrenergic effect was counteracted by propranolol
      and potentiated by phenobenzamine. Acetylcholine increased the smooth-muscle tone
      by an atropine-sensitive action. The results suggest the presence of a
      cholinergic motor innervation on the non-pregnant rat uterine cervix. The cervix
      also receives an adrenergic innervation, which may act both post-junctionally
      (lowering resting tension and inhibiting spontaneous activity) and
      prejunctionally (modulating the cholinergic nerves) via beta-adrenergic as well
      as alpha-adrenergic receptors.

PMID- 4050476
TI  - Effects of portacaval shunt on the rat stomach.
AB  - In portacaval-shunted rats, basal but not pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion
      was higher than in sham-operated controls. The basal serum gastrin concentration
      was unchanged and the postprandial serum gastrin concentration lowered following
      portacaval shunt. Thus, gastrin is not responsible for the elevated basal acid
      secretion. The present study provides evidence that there is no trophic effect on
      the oxyntic mucosa as a whole and that there is no change in parietal cell
      associated gastrin receptors after portacaval shunting. Interestingly, however,
      endocrine cells in the oxyntic mucosa (the histamine-containing ECL cells)
      proliferated greatly and the pentagastrin- and cholecystokinin octapeptide
      induced activation of the histamine-forming enzyme, histidine decarboxylase, in
      these cells was much greater than in control rats. Analysis of the dose-response
      curves for the enzyme-activating effect of pentagastrin and cholecystokinin
      octapeptide indicated that the D50 values for these two stimulants were not
      altered by shunting but that the maximal enzyme activation was greatly elevated.
      The enhanced enzyme activation can be partly, but not fully, explained by the
      fact that the ECL cells were increased in number. The enhanced response following
      portacaval shunt probably reflects also an increased number of gastrin receptors
      per ECL cell. The effect of portacaval shunting on gastric ECL cells can perhaps
      be explained by impaired degradation in the liver of intestinal substance(s)
      exerting a highly specific trophic effect on the ECL cells or, alternatively,
      causing an enrichment of gastrin receptors on these cells, thereby making them
      more sensitive to the trophic effect of gastrin. The ECL cell hyperplasia is
      manifest about 4 weeks after the shunting. A modified procedure for portacaval
      shunting which left the gastroduodenal vein (otherwise ligated) drained to the
      liver produced the same trophic effect as conventional portacaval shunt,
      suggesting an intestinal rather than gastroduodenal origin of the agent(s)
      responsible for the trophic action.

PMID- 4050477
TI  - Somatosensory, short latency activation in the intercollicular region of the
      cat's mesencephalon.

PMID- 4050478
TI  - Adaptive response of human skeletal muscle to simulated hypergravity condition.
AB  - The mechanical behaviour of leg extensor muscles of five international-level
      athletes was evaluated during 13 months training period. Drop jumps, average
      mechanical power during 15 S continuous jump, and vertical jumps performed with
      and without extra weights were used to measure explosive power characteristics.
      The data recorded in vertical jumps was utilized for construction of force
      velocity relationship (F-V curve). The athletes did not show improvement in any
      of the variables studied after 12 months of intensive systematic training
      programme. It was assumed that the subjects already had reached their upper limit
      of performance. However, after that the athletes underwent a simulated 3 weeks
      high-gravity period. The hypergravitational condition was created by wearing a
      special vest filled with extra loads (11% of BW). The vest was used from morning
      to evening. No changes in the ordinary training programme were allowed. After the
      simulated high-gravity conditioning period significant improvement in almost all
      the variables studied was observed (P less than 0.05-0.001). Vertical jump
      performance was enhanced from 44.3 to 54.9 cm. The F-V curve remained stable all
      year but after hypergravity period shifted markedly to the right. The drastic
      improvement was attributed to be caused by a fast adaptation to the new
      functional requirements (I.I g). Therefore, once the biological adaptation
      occurred the mechanical behaviour of the athlete's leg extensor muscle was
      similar to that which could be experienced in a field at low gravity condition
      (0.9 g). Adaptive response to the hypergravity conditioning was speculated to
      occur mainly at neurogenic level and less in myogenic component.

PMID- 4050479
TI  - Effects of Ca2+ on force-velocity characteristics of normal and hypertrophic
      smooth muscle of the rat portal vein.
AB  - Portal hypertension was induced in rats by partial ligation of the hepatic
      branches of the portal vein. After 5 days of hypertension the portal veins were
      taken out and mounted for isometric and quick-release experiments. Portal veins
      from sham-operated normal rats served as controls. The ligated veins had an
      increased cross-sectional area, indicating smooth-muscle hypertrophy. Although
      the absolute magnitude of active force of these veins was increased, the active
      force per cross-sectional area was decreased, indicating an alteration in the
      properties of the contractile system. No difference in the Ca2+ concentration
      response relations to K+-activated intact control and hypertrophic veins was
      found. In chemically skinned preparations, devoid of functional plasma membranes,
      the hypertrophic veins had similar Ca2+ sensitivity (in the presence of I microM
      calmodulin) but a lower force per cross-sectional area. Force-velocity relations
      were determined in K+-activated intact preparations. In control veins a reduction
      in extracellular Ca2+ was associated with a significant reduction in both
      isometric force and maximal shortening velocity (Vmax). In hypertrophic veins the
      decreased isometric force at maximal activation was associated with a low Vmax. A
      comparison between hypertrophic and submaximally stimulated control vessels
      showed corresponding Vmax and isometric force values. We conclude that the low
      isometric force of hypertrophic veins is associated with a lower rate of cross
      bridge turnover. This could be an effect of alterations in the activation
      mechanisms or in the intrinsic properties of the contractile system itself.

PMID- 4050480
TI  - Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and erythropoietic activity in rabbits with
      severe bleeding anaemia superimposed in the early post-natal fall in haemoglobin.
AB  - Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), whole blood haemoglobin (Hb),
      haematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and
      reticulocyte percentage (Rt) were determined before and after bleeding in two
      groups of suckling chinchilla rabbits. One group was subjected to severe bleeding
      on the 12th, 15th, 18th and 21st day after birth and studied for 3 weeks, while
      the other was studied during the first 24 h after one severe bleeding on the 18th
      day. In the first group Hb and Hct fell to 2.7 g . dl-1 and 11.5%, respectively,
      on the 25th day. The fall was accompanied by a marked rise in Rt and decline in
      MCHC, reaching maximum and minimum on the 29th day, and a simultaneous, temporary
      decline in 2,3-DPG. In the other group the acute bleeding was accompanied by a
      marked fall in Hb and Hct, but no change in Rt and MCHC. 2,3-DPG was unchanged 8
      h after the bleeding, but showed a rise during the following 16 h, definitely
      beyond the normal rise at this age. It is concluded that severe bleeding anaemia
      induces a rise in erythrocyte 2,3-DPG synthesis. However, the effect of the acute
      rise in 2,3-DPG is far from sufficient to maintain the O2 delivery capacity of
      the blood, and is completely offset by the influence of a subsequent change in
      the erythrocyte population towards younger cells with low 2,3-DPG.

PMID- 4050481
TI  - Early effects of denervation on isometric and isotonic contractile properties of
      rat skeletal muscles.
AB  - The contractile properties of the fast-twitch m. extensor digitorum longus (EDL)
      and the slow-twitch m. soleus were examined after 5 days of denervation. An
      increase in twitch time to peak, twitch half relaxation time and twitch/tetanus
      ratio was observed. The EDL also showed a moderate decrease in maximal isotonic
      shortening velocity, which is taken as an indication that the contractile
      proteins are affected. A fatigue test showed that the EDL became less fatigable
      and the soleus less fatigue resistant after denervation.

PMID- 4050482
TI  - Effects of a synthetic vasopressin analogue (desmopressin) in pregnant, lactating
      and anoestral goats.
AB  - The effects of the long-acting synthetic vasopressin analogue desmopressin (dose
      2 X 2 micrograms day-1 for two days) were investigated in pregnant, lactating and
      anoestral goats. Urine flow fell and urine osmolality increased in all
      experiments. However, pregnant goats continued to drink the same volumes of water
      each day with the result that the ratio of water intake/urine output increased
      markedly and the plasma osmolality fell. The results support the hypothesis that
      the regulation of water intake is changed during pregnancy and that pregnant
      goats have a lowered sensitivity to signals that normally inhibit water
      consumption. In lactating goats, milk secretion was not affected by desmopressin.
      The animals did not drink enough to compensate for the water losses in milk and
      urine, but more than was needed to cover the water losses in the urine. The
      plasma osmolality decreased slightly. It appears as if the mechanisms involved in
      the control of water balance are not sufficiently adapted to take water losses
      via the milk into account, if the animals are subjected to challenges. In
      anoestral animals, the water balance was maintained during desmopressin
      injections. The renal sodium excretion did not change, but the renal potassium
      excretion decreased in pregnant and lactating goats in response to desmopressin.

PMID- 4050483
TI  - Pentobarbital inhibits the vasoconstrictor response to renal venous pressure
      elevation in the dog kidney.

PMID- 4050484
TI  - Sodium-induced release of enkephalins from bovine chromaffin granules in vitro.

PMID- 4050485
TI  - Pentagastrin increases HCO3- secretion from the duodenal mucosa in the cat and
      rat in vivo.

PMID- 4050486
TI  - Effects of ageing on cardiac performance and coronary flow in spontaneously
      hypertensive and normotensive rats.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of ageing on cardiac
      function and coronary flow in Wistar Kyoto normotensive rats (WKY, 16 and 78
      weeks of age) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of the same age. Cardiac
      function was determined on isolated hearts by means of an antegrade heart
      perfusion technique. Left atrial pressure and peak aortic pressure could be
      altered independently of each other. Recordings of cardiac output and coronary
      flow were then obtained at both normotensive and hypertensive levels of peak
      aortic pressures. Peak stroke volume (SV) was reduced with age in both WKY and
      SHR. Peak SV determined at normotensive pressure loads became diminished with age
      in WKY, while it at hypertensive pressure loads showed a small decline with age,
      since peak SV was low as early as 16 weeks of age. The age-dependent fall in
      cardiac performance was greater in SHR than in WKY, due to the enhanced peak SV
      in 16-week-old SHR at hypertensive pressure loads. Peak SV was markedly decreased
      at normotensive pressure levels in both 16- and 78-week-old SHR v. age-matched
      WKY. Coronary flow per unit tissue declined with age both in WKY and SHR.
      Coronary flow was also lower in SHR compared to age-matched WKY. With ageing this
      elevated performance was reduced down to the same level as in 78-week-old WKY.
      The age-related coronary flow reduction and the consistently reduced flow in SHR
      indicate a structural narrowing of the coronary vascular bed, particularly in
      SHR.

PMID- 4050487
TI  - The relation between in vitro efflux of noradrenaline from platelets and vas
      deferens in man.
AB  - The efflux of isotope-labelled noradrenaline from platelets and vas deferens was
      compared in 29 healthy males. Platelets and a preparation of tissue from vas
      deferens were incubated with isotope-labelled noradrenaline until equilibrium in
      the uptake was obtained. The spontaneous efflux of noradrenaline in buffer was
      measured for 20 min. There was a significant positive correlation between the
      efflux of noradrenaline from platelets and vas deferens (r = 0.56, P less than
      0.001).

PMID- 4050488
TI  - Striatal ornithine decarboxylase activity following neurotoxic and mechanical
      lesions of the mesostriatal dopamine system of the male rat.

PMID- 4050489
TI  - Interaction between ventricular cells during the early part of excitation in the
      ferret heart.
AB  - The source-load interaction during impulse propagation of excited and unexcited
      cells respectively was studied in the working myocardium. Velocity of propagation
      and the shape of the early part of the action potential was measured in ferret
      papillary muscles or trabeculae with the preparation surrounded by either a large
      volume or a thin layer of Tyrode solution, the latter situation being established
      by means of a silicone fluid bath technique. Quick changes between the two
      situations resulted in changes in the time constant of the foot of the action
      potential and maximal rate of depolarization of the action potential and in
      changes in excitation lag of the more deeply placed cells with respect to the
      surface cells. These results could be explained by the effect of changes in the
      shape of the wavefront of excitation. With a large Tyrode volume around the
      preparation, corresponding to physiological conditions, the curved configuration
      of the wavefront of excitation was so pronounced that one-dimensional cable
      theory was highly inadequate to describe the conditions for propagation.

PMID- 4050490
TI  - Acid-base and electrolyte balance after exhausting exercise in endurance-trained
      and sprint-trained subjects.
AB  - High ability to perform strenuous exercise of short duration is accompanied by a
      large lactate formation in the exercising muscles, but the disturbances in
      extracellular acid-base and electrolyte balance might be attenuated compared to
      subjects with less ability to perform intense exercise. To study this, oxygen
      deficit, changes in arterial blood acid-base status and plasma electrolytes were
      studied in six-endurance trained (ET) and six sprint-trained (ST) subjects who
      exercised on a treadmill at a speed which led to exhaustion within 1 min. During
      exercise the ET and ST subjects developed an oxygen deficit of 41 and 56 ml
      oxygen units kg-1 respectively, whereas peak blood lactate concentration post
      exercise averaged 12.5 and 16.7 mmol l-1. Blood pH followed lactate concentration
      closely, reaching nadir values of 7.175 and 7.065 for ET and ST subjects
      respectively. Respiratory compensation and changes in blood bicarbonate and
      standard base deficit (SBD) concentrations for a given lactate concentration were
      the same for the two groups, amounting to a change in PCO2 of 0.12 kPa, in
      bicarbonate concentration of 1.09 mmol l-1 and in SBD of 1.44 mmol l-1 mM-1
      change in blood lactate concentration. During exercise the increase in
      haematocrit, from to 43 to 45% for the ET subjects and from 46 to 50% for the ST
      subjects, was accompanied by almost parallel relative changes in plasma chloride
      and sodium concentrations. Whereas haematocrit continued to increase post
      exercise and followed blood lactate concentration closely, plasma sodium and
      chloride concentrations decreased to pre-exercise values within 9 min of
      recovery. The anion gap increased significantly more than blood lactate
      concentration. Thus, ST subjects were capable of accumulating more lactate in
      blood compared with ET subjects, but at the expense of a lower pH, since the
      buffer capacity seemed to be the same for the two groups. The acidosis, which was
      larger than could be accounted for by lactic acid, was associated with an
      inexplicably large anion gap.

PMID- 4050492
TI  - [To be a psychiatrist in Latin America].

PMID- 4050491
TI  - [In search of biological markers of affective disorders].
AB  - The field of biological markers of affective disorders is defined on its
      conceptual and methodological basis, and the results of some studies in this area
      conducted at the Mexican Institute of Psychiatry are reported. Urinary MHPG
      levels greater than 2800 micrograms/24 hs, suggest a poor response to
      conventional drug treatment. Allnight EEG recordings, showed that sleep
      architecture of depressed patients is substantially different from that of normal
      subjects; particularly REM sleep latency, which can reliably discriminate between
      patients and controls. The dexamethasone suppression test showed a diagnostic
      confidence of 77% which is similar to that reported from other centers. The
      author suggests caution on interpreting these results, as further prospective
      longitudinal studies are needed before firm conclusions can be drawn.

PMID- 4050493
TI  - [Values, ethical positions and attitudes of candidates for a lawyer career].
AB  - This work intends to bring out light regarding values, ethical positions and
      attitudes of future Law students. We consider that it may be important to know
      these aspects in relation to the vocational decision of students in order to know
      whether values are really a determinant factor in career decision or not. The
      present study was produced using the following instruments: Study of Values
      (Allport-Vernon and Lindzey); Survey of Interpersonal Values (L. Gordon); Ethical
      Position Questionnaire (J. E. Moreno). Several groups of students were used as
      samples: neophytes to Law School in the University of Buenos Aires, and neophytes
      to the careers of Law, Medicine, Psychology and Publicity in a Catholic
      University. We found that in the latter University the predominant value is the
      religious, and secondly the social value. Instead in the University of Buenos
      Aires the most important value is the social and secondly the political value.
      The EPQ shows that neophytes to Law School may be considered absolutists in
      Forsyth's scale. These students also showed in Gordon's survey high Benevolence
      and Conformity in comparison with the other samples of students. Regarding
      attitudes towards the University's objectives, we found that Law students
      consider important the ethical education and the enhancement of the national
      culture more than universal culture. This work tends to confirm that Law
      neophytes as a group have clear differences from other groups of neophytes
      regarding attitudes to interpersonal bonds, and also different attitudes toward
      the university's objectives.

PMID- 4050494
TI  - [Prevalence of mental disorders and risk factors in a population of a general
      medical practice].
AB  - The present paper reports the most relevant results from an epidemiologic survey
      that was carried out in a hospital's general practice service in Mexico. The
      survey comprises several issues such-as: the validity and standardization of the
      General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), a screening instrument, designed for the
      early detection of mental disorders, which is validated against the clinical
      criteria expressed through the Standardized Psychiatric Interview (SPI), the
      prevalence of psychiatric disorders which includes type of syndromes and affected
      subgroups, the relation between the ratings of the SPI and the scales of the GHQ
      (somatic symptoms, sleep disturbances, social disfunction and severe depression)
      with demographic variables. From the population attending the service during a
      period of 5 weeks, a total of 619 patients, to whom the GHQ was administered,
      were randomly selected. From this sample 364 patients were separately interviewed
      by means of the SPI. No significant differences were found between the sample and
      the population regarding age, sex, and educational level. The prevalence of
      mental disorders obtained for the mixed population was of 34%, being of 26% for
      men and of 36% for women. The only risk factor found for both populations was the
      low educational level of the head of the family. In the multiple regression
      analysis, significant differences were found among some groups in spite of the
      low predictive power of the studied variables.

PMID- 4050495
TI  - [Advances in the psychopharmacological management of the narcoleptic patient].
AB  - Sleep attacks, cataplexy, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations are the
      cardinal signs of narcolepsy. However most patients present only with sleep
      attacks at disease onset. Animal and human studies on the psychopharmacology and
      neurochemistry of narcolepsy, suggest abnormalities on rapid eye movement (REM)
      sleep. Thus, most drugs used on its treatment, such as tricyclic antidepressants
      and psychostimulant agents, are aimed to reduce REM sleep. However, there is
      growing evidence that some drugs that can alleviate fragmentation of sleep rather
      than suppress REM sleep can also be clinically effective for this condition. The
      authors review the subject and comment on their experience with clonidine, an
      imidazoline derivative marketed as an antihypertensive agent, and suggest that
      REM suppression is not always necessary for narcoleptics to improve.

PMID- 4050496
TI  - [Family interactions and adherence to lithium pharmacotherapy].
AB  - A random sample of thirty families containing a member with a bipolar disorder
      were interviewed by a psychiatrist and two clinical psychologists with training
      in family evaluations and therapy. During the interview the family was given the
      task of discussing the possible causes of the patient's illness and to consider
      specific steps to help prevent relapses. The raters independently scored the
      Beavers Timberlawn Family Evaluation Scale and the Family Response to the Illness
      Scale. The patients were also evaluated using the Social Support Network
      Inventory, and a number of clinical and demographic indicators were routinely
      recorded. The research team showed good interrater reliability with the
      instruments, and evidence of validity is presented for the FRIS. A Cluster
      Analysis was performed and a two clusters solution was found. The first cluster
      contained twelve patients and the second is composed of eighteen patients. The
      clusters seem to differentiate patients along clinical outcome measures, drug
      compliance and cultural background. Family variables related to the structural
      dimensions of the system were found to cut across both clusters. Family variables
      measuring empathy, affect and expression of feelings were found to predict
      medication compliance and clinical outcome. The findings are discussed in the
      light of the concept of underorganization of family structures.

PMID- 4050497
TI  - Primary versus secondary depression. A psychometric approach. Preliminary
      results.
AB  - Differences between primary and secondary depression have been studied from
      different viewpoints. This study aimed at determining a possible difference in
      terms of personality factors and psychodynamic variables. Two psychological tests
      (the MMPI and the Gottschalk-Gleser) were administered to 32 depressed
      inpatients, diagnosed according to Feighner criteria. A statistically significant
      difference was found only for the Psychasthenia scale on the MMPI. However a
      discriminant analysis using the MMPI results yielded approximately 80% correct
      classification. The Gottschalk-Gleser test did not provide any significant
      difference.

PMID- 4050498
TI  - Insomnia. From a single entity to a complex concept.
AB  - This paper presents a summary of 106 patients monitored at the Sleep/Wake
      Disorders Center of the University Hospital in Antwerp. Diagnostic assessment is
      based upon information from history, physical and psychiatric examination, sleep
      logs, psychological tests and polysomnographic workups, including at least 2
      consecutive nights. A major conclusion is that complete understanding of sleep
      problems needs a multifactorial approach. This not only leads to a more accurate
      description of the disorder, but also to rational, specific and individualized
      treatment strategies.

PMID- 4050499
TI  - Cortisol levels in plasma after dexamethasone administration and the nosology of
      depression.
AB  - The authors have studied 89 depressed patients diagnosed according to three
      different systems: DSM-III, Kiloh and Garside, Winokur. They administered 1 mg of
      Dexamethasone at 11 pm; blood samples were taken at 8 am and 8 pm the next day.
      They find the most significant differences in cortisol levels according to the
      DSM classification whereas there are no significant differences according to the
      Winokur classification. They refer the great variance obtained in the endogenous
      groups to a high incidence of suppressors in these non-suppressor groups. In 26
      non-depressed patients, they found 10 non-suppressors. According to the authors,
      these results demonstrate the importance of DST and other biological tests in the
      reformation of nosology in psychiatry.

PMID- 4050500
TI  - Standardised assessment in developing countries.
AB  - In developing countries, the standardised psychiatric assessment raises special
      problems: lack of trained manpower, lack of research facilities, transcultural
      aspects of concepts and wording originally elaborated by Western psychiatrists.
      The author gives a few examples, mainly from the PSE.

PMID- 4050501
TI  - Long-term lithium prophylaxis in recurrent unipolar depression. A controversial
      indication?
AB  - The authors assessed results obtained with long-term lithium maintenance in a
      group of 33 recurrent unipolar patients, followed regularly in the outpatient
      clinic of the Chaim Sheba Medical Center for 1-15 years. They analyzed changes of
      frequency, severity and duration of depressive relapses, rate and duration of
      hospitalization, suicidal ideas or attempts, and various assessments of outcome.
      A significant reduction was found on all indices during lithium management as
      compared to before lithium treatment, attesting to the efficacy of long-term
      prophylactic lithium in recurrent unipolar depression. These results are
      discussed and compared with those from other reports.

PMID- 4050502
TI  - A mental health program on the university campus.
AB  - The author gives a survey of the psychosocial support services on the VUB campus.
      The different activities are summarized and contain the following aspects: the
      guidance and treatment of students with study or emotional problems, and the
      improvement of the mental health of the university as a community.

PMID- 4050503
TI  - Lithium effects on ophthalmological-electrophysiological parameters in young
      healthy volunteers.
AB  - The effects of lithium on the visual system in man have been tested. Ten healthy
      volunteers followed a 10-day lithium regimen. Lithium plasma levels in the range
      of 0.6-0.8 mmol/l were obtained. Clinically used ophthalmological
      electrophysiological tests were performed. Most of the tests showed no
      significant change during the lithium treatment. The lithium regimen resulted in
      a strong reduction of the slow phase. Also the "Arden-ratio", measured by
      electrooculogram (EOG), was influenced by lithium. The "Arden-ratio" reflects the
      corneo-fundal potential in retinal illumination and dark adaptation and is
      influenced by the state of adaptation. All the demonstrated effects were fully
      reversible at the end of lithium administration. Possible mechanisms of the
      action of lithium are discussed (for example Ca2+-fluxes, c-AMP, cGMP). These
      lithium-induced effects on the visual system in man may give some hint of the
      individual responsiveness to lithium.

PMID- 4050504
TI  - Relationship of free nortriptyline levels to therapeutic response.
AB  - The relationship between the free plasma concentration of nortriptyline and
      therapeutic response was examined. Eighteen depressed inpatients were treated for
      21 days with steady state total nortriptyline plasma concentrations between 50
      150 ng/ml. Steady state free nortriptyline concentrations were measured. The
      therapeutic nortriptyline response was measured by administering the Hamilton and
      the Carroll Rating scales at day zero and day 21. Statistical relationships
      between free levels of drug and clinical response were found to be insignificant.
      Qualitative assessment of the data suggest that free serum levels of
      nortriptyline in excess of 10 ng/ml may have an inhibitory effect on clinical
      response.

PMID- 4050505
TI  - Relationships between brain density, cortical atrophy and ventriculomegaly in
      schizophrenia and mania.
AB  - A number of parameters assessed by computed tomography have been shown to
      differentiate between populations of psychiatric patients and normal controls.
      Changes in these parameters have been felt to result from atrophic processes. We
      hypothesized that changes in one parameter ought to result in related changes in
      another if they result from the same process. We tested this hypothesis by
      comparing CT scan results of density measurement with area and linear
      measurements of ventricular size and radiological assessments of cortical and
      cerebellar atrophy. Our results indicate that few statistically significant
      relationships appear to be present, the only such relationship being found
      between increased third ventricular size and cerebellar atrophy. We conclude that
      regional changes in brain density are not necessarily correlated with local
      changes in CSF volume, which suggests the involvement of disparate processes in
      their causation.

PMID- 4050506
TI  - Immunoglobulins in schizophrenics and prediction of need for hospital care.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to determine whether the total number of days spent
      in hospital during a 5-year follow-up period could be predicted by determining
      IgA, IgG and IgM concentrations in 62 schizophrenics on initial admission. A high
      IgA concentration on initial admission indicated less frequent need for hospital
      care during follow-up. A scattering diagram of this negative correlation showed
      that the correlation was based on a group of seven patients whose IgA
      concentrations markedly exceeded normal values. This group with exceedingly high
      IgA differed from the control group in several areas, which would indicate that
      these patients suffer from a "different" schizophrenia than the patients in the
      control group. This finding supports the idea of the heterogeneity of
      schizophrenia, and raises the possibility of developing biochemical methods to
      delineate the diagnostic category of schizophrenia.

PMID- 4050507
TI  - A contribution to the validity of Leonhard's classification of endogenous
      psychoses.
AB  - The author made a clinical-genetical study of the schizophrenias and cycloid
      (schizoaffective) psychoses following the Leonhardian classification, using the
      traditional pedigree analysis and multiple threshold method. According to the
      latter method--on the basis of phenotypical correlations--the systematic
      schizophrenias could be clearly distinguished from the cycloid psychoses, while
      the non-systematic category presumably occupies a genetical position between the
      two former categories.

PMID- 4050508
TI  - Antidepressant effects of sleep deprivation in bright and dim light.
AB  - In order to test whether exposure to bright artificial light at night is a
      necessary condition for the antidepressant response to sleep deprivation therapy,
      five patients were totally sleep-deprived on two separate nights, once in very
      bright light and once in nearly total darkness. During the day after the sleep
      deprivation night patients were found to have responded equally well to sleep
      deprivation in both conditions. During the sleep-deprivation night, however,
      antidepressant responses may have been greater in the bright light condition.
      Thus, light at night is not necessary for the antidepressant response to sleep
      deprivation, but we cannot rule out the possibility that the effects of light
      exposure and sleep deprivation are additive or that exposure to light at some
      time after sleep deprivation begins (including during the following day) is
      necessary for the response.

PMID- 4050509
TI  - Ventricular size, the dexamethasone suppression test and outcome of severe
      endogenous depression following psychosurgery.
AB  - To assess the possible significance of cerebral ventricular size and the
      dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in the outcome of severe endogenous
      depression, 28 patients were followed up and reviewed 1 year after stereotactic
      subcaudate tractotomy. Neither ventricular size nor the dexamethasone suppression
      test predicted either a good or poor outcome. There was no relationship between
      ventricular size and the DST results.

PMID- 4050510
TI  - Perceived parental rearing behaviour in unipolar and bipolar depressed patients.
      A verification study in an Italian sample.
AB  - Two groups of former depressed Italian patients comprising 54 bipolars and 52
      unipolars completed the Italian version of the EMBU, a Swedish instrument aimed
      at assessing the experience of parental rearing behaviour. As in a previous study
      of Swedish depressives, three factors, "rejection", "emotional warmth", and "over
      protection", have been taken into account. The results obtained in the patient
      group have been compared with those obtained in Italian healthy controls.
      Depressed patients rated both parents significantly lower than the controls on
      the factor "emotional warmth". The present results cross-validate those obtained
      previously in the Swedish depressives and strengthen, together with other
      findings in the literature, the assumption that the lack of emotional warmth in
      the parents' rearing practices might be a crucial variable in the pathogenesis of
      depressive illnesses.

PMID- 4050511
TI  - Patient attitudes in short-term psychiatric care. Relations to social and
      psychiatric background, clinical symptoms, and treatment model.
AB  - The attitudes of patients were measured after 4 days and at discharge during two
      4-month periods. The attitudes were related to ratings of symptoms, patient
      background, and type of treatment contract used (cooperation or staff-directed).
      The patients were generally satisfied with their treatment. A mere 7% disapproved
      of the general ward structure. The attitude data were subjected to a factor
      analysis and a 7-factor solution explaining 70% of the variance was found to be
      suitable. The factors were labelled Ward Structure, Key Worker, Nursing Care,
      Group Treatment, Psychopharmacological Treatment, Social Network, and Other
      Patients. A high level of satisfaction in the Ward Structure, Nursing Care,
      Psychopharmacological Treatment, and Other Patients factors was found to be
      related to a lower incidence of symptoms at discharge. The staff-contract group
      showed more favourable attitudes in the Nursing Care factor (both initially and
      at discharge) and the Psychopharmacological Treatment factor (only initially),
      while the cooperation-contract group did so in the Social Network factor. It is
      suggested that the two contract procedures resulted in the development of
      different kinds of interpersonal relationships during treatment, the cooperation
      group relying more on the social network, whereas the staff-contract group was
      more apt to rely on psychopharmacological treatment and on the nursing staff.

PMID- 4050512
TI  - Mentally retarded admitted to psychiatric hospitals in Denmark.
AB  - Computerized register linkage and a questionnaire survey showed that the number
      of mentally retarded admitted to psychiatric hospitals in Denmark is rapidly
      increasing. This development is highly deplorable. Diagnosis and treatment are
      frequently complicated by the nature of the mental handicap and, especially, the
      often diverging clinical appearance of the psychiatric disorders in these
      persons. Mentally retarded with a psychiatric disorder should, in general, be
      treated in special institutions or outpatient clinics, by specially trained
      social psychiatrists and staffs.

PMID- 4050513
TI  - Lactate-induced panic attacks: possible involvement of serotonin reuptake
      stimulation.
AB  - In panic disorder patients, panic attacks can be precipitated with great
      regularity by intravenous infusion of lactate. The mechanism behind this effect,
      as well as the mechanism behind the spontaneously occurring panic attacks, are
      unknown, however. The author draws attention to the fact that lactate as well as
      pyruvate stimulate serotonin uptake in human blood platelets, and suggests that
      lactate infusion may stimulate serotonin reuptake also in central serotonergic
      neurons, thereby decreasing serotonergic activity. This may possibly induce
      anxiety by reducing the inhibitory serotonergic influence on locus ceruleus. This
      mechanism--which may not be the only one involved in lactate-induced panic
      attacks--would easily explain the effect of tricyclic antidepressants, like
      imipramine, against lactate-induced panic.

PMID- 4050514
TI  - The independence of reaction and movement time in programmed movements.

PMID- 4050515
TI  - Masking effects with targets and nontargets of varying similarity.

PMID- 4050516
TI  - Ear differences in evaluating emotional tones of unknown speech.

PMID- 4050517
TI  - Angiography as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic tool in liver metastases
      from a colo-rectal primary tumor.
AB  - Angiograms from 60 patients with liver metastases from colo-rectal carcinoma were
      reviewed in retrospect to find prognostic parameters. All patients were treated
      with intraarterial cytostatic drugs. Patients with a small tumor mass in the
      liver survived significantly longer than those with a huge tumor burden. A longer
      survival was seen also in patients who developed occlusion of the hepatic
      arterial tree. When the tumor showed reduction in size or was stationary at the
      follow-up angiographic examinations after institution of therapy survival was
      markedly improved. When compared with the findings at laparotomy, angiography
      adequately demonstrated tumor growth in the right lobe of the liver but
      repeatedly failed to do so in the left lobe. In 14 patients computed tomography
      was also performed. Tumor localization by CT corresponded well with the findings
      at laparotomy and was thus more accurate than the results by angiography.
      Information about tumor volume and number of tumor nodules was approximately the
      same with the two methods.

PMID- 4050518
TI  - Movement of the upper esophageal sphincter and a manometric device during
      deglutition. A cineradiographic investigation.
AB  - A cineradiographic examination of 9 healthy subjects showed asynchronous movement
      of a manometric device in relation to movement of the upper esophageal sphincter
      (UES) during deglutition. A single sensor placed within the UES high pressure
      zone at rest registered pressures existing outside this zone during the major
      part of deglutition. The manometric device must therefore comprise at least three
      sensors placed at different levels and about 10 mm apart if consistent pressure
      recording within this zone is to be achieved. In order to evaluate the pressure
      profile within the sphincter adequately, cineradiographic determination of the
      orientation of the measuring device is necessary. This was made possible by
      insertion of two mutually perpendicular radiopaque indicators into the catheter.

PMID- 4050519
TI  - Isotope scanning with Tc99m-MDP of the spine and the costosternal junctions of
      patients with idiopathic scoliosis.
AB  - Bone scanning of the thoracolumbar spine and the anterior thorax was performed in
      7 girls with recently diagnosed progressive thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. A
      reference group consisted of a group of 8 patients submitted to bone scanning for
      other reasons. In all 7 girls composing the scoliosis group the isotope uptake by
      the vertex vertebra, the 2 vertebrae above and the 2 below was homogeneous, with
      no areas of abnormally increased uptake. In 5 of these patients where
      quantitative studies were performed there was no significant difference in uptake
      between the vertex and the other 4 vertebrae. Nor did the 2 groups differ
      significantly as regards the left-right difference in uptake by the costosternal
      junctions. The results of this investigation confirm the observation in a
      preliminary study that there was no disturbance of spinal growth during the early
      stage of development of idiopathic thoracic scoliosis. However, the results do
      not support a tentative conclusion drawn on the basis of the preliminary study-
      namely, that the development of spinal deformity in idiopathic scoliosis might be
      ascribed to asymmetric longitudinal rib growth, reflected in asymmetric isotope
      uptake by the paired costosternal junctions. It is questionable however, whether
      scintigraphic scanning can provide an accurate procedure for quantitative
      measurement of skeletal growth of the ribs, especially in scoliotic patients.

PMID- 4050520
TI  - Radiographic versus direct measurements of the spinal canal at lumbar vertebrae
      L3-L5 and their relations to age and body stature.
AB  - The role of the narrow lumbar spinal canal in back and sciatic pain is well
      established. The accuracy of measurements obtained from lumbar radiographs was
      therefore analyzed in lumbar spine specimens taken from 132 male cadavers. After
      removal of soft tissues, the same distances were measured on the bones of 80
      specimens. Comparisons were made after correction for magnification, the
      radiographic measurements of interpedicular distances being, on average, 2 mm
      greater at L3 than the osteologic ones and 4 mm greater at L5. Interarticular
      distances, midsagittal diameters, and pedicular lengths were, on average, 1 mm
      greater and foraminal anteroposterior measurements 1 mm less than the osteologic
      ones. Body stature correlated with interpedicular and interarticular distances,
      pedicular length, and foraminal anteroposterior measurements. In older age
      groups, the midsagittal diameter tended to be reduced. A number of correlations
      were found between the five measurements, e.g. between the anteroposterior
      diameter of the intervertebral foramen and the pedicular length. Measurements in
      the transverse plane were independent of those in the anteroposterior plane.
      These results confirm and amplify preliminary observations and indicate the
      potential value of simple measurements on lumbar spine films as an alternative to
      more sophisticated and expensive radiologic investigations.

PMID- 4050521
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the extremities. II. T1 and T2 relaxation times of
      muscle and fat. Normal values, reproducibility and dependence on physiologic
      variations.
AB  - In a resistive magnetic resonance imaging system, the T1 and T2 values of muscle
      and fat were calculated in 2 volunteers, at rest and during venous and arterial
      stasis, postischemic hyperemia and dehydration. The values found at rest were
      reproducible from one occasion to another and there were no significant
      differences between values in the arms and legs. Dehydration induced a slight
      increase in the T2, otherwise there was no change during stasis, hyperemia or
      dehydration.

PMID- 4050522
TI  - Physical interpretation of diaphanograms using the computer-controlled image
      scanner OSIRIS.
AB  - Experiments have shown that the light recorded in diaphanography covers
      approximately the wavelength region of 645 to 900 nm. No significant change in
      image quality was noted by changing the camera distance between 10 and 25 cm and
      the light source aperture between 5 and 30 mm. Experiments using polarising
      filters indicated that the breast is optically isotropic; therefore the results
      cannot be improved by using polarising filters. In a comparison of various films.
      Kodak Ektachrome Infrared Film gave the best results. No degradation or variation
      in image quality was observed when different batches were compared or when the
      exposed film was stored for 3 weeks before processing. The exposure level is a
      critical factor and a series of 3 images is needed for optimum evaluation of
      diaphanograms. The experiments indicate that diaphanography gives consistent
      results.

PMID- 4050523
TI  - Lymph node calcification in malignant lymphoma. Presentation of nine cases and a
      review of the literature.
AB  - Lymph node calcification in malignant lymphoma is an uncommon radiologic finding.
      Eight cases are added to the 61 cases of lymph node calcification following
      radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease, assembled from the literature. The
      typical radiographic appearance of punctate calcifications, usually found in the
      upper mediastinum, at times together with egg-shell type calcification, is
      confirmed. The mean time before appearance of calcification was 3 years after
      initial treatment. The calcification seems to be associated with a good prognosis
      and long-term survival. In addition, the radiologic and clinical findings in a
      patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who developed calcifications in the involved
      area after treatment are presented.

PMID- 4050524
TI  - Normal ureteral diameter in infancy and childhood.
AB  - Ureteral diameters were estimated on films from intravenous urography in 194
      children (100 boys and 94 girls) aged 0-16 years. Children with signs of urinary
      tract infection, calculi, obstruction, duplication or malformation were excluded.
      Films obtained without abdominal compression were used for measurements,
      including only ureters visualized over 50 per cent of their lengths. A good
      correlation was demonstrated between ureteral diameter and age (r = 0.69) and
      between ureteral diameter and the length of a segment of the lumbar spine (r =
      0.73). The widest part of the ureter was most often located just above the
      crossing of the iliac vessels. The right ureter was slightly wider than the left
      one. No difference between boys and girls was noted. The results are in good
      agreement with those of others obtained at autopsy. Bearing in mind the possible
      physiologic variations, it would seem that measuring the ureteral diameter can be
      of value for a more objective differentiation between dilated and non-dilated
      ureters.

PMID- 4050525
TI  - Thoracic neuroblastoma of the neonate.
AB  - Five cases of neonatal thoracic neuroblastoma were either clinically asymptomatic
      or presented as uncharacteristic respiratory distress. Chest radiography
      demonstrated a spectrum of abnormalities varying from a lobulated, apical
      thoracic mass with or without evidence of expansion, to a spindle-shaped
      paraspinal soft tissue widening, or a homogeneously dense hemithorax. In the
      newborn a neoplasm in the posterior mediastinum most likely represents a
      neuroblastoma, either primary or metastatic. In a high percentage of cases the
      primary tumour as well as possible skeletal metastases have an increased uptake
      of radiopharmaceuticals. Therefore a bone scan should be the next step for
      evaluation of the neoplasm. Supplementary sonographic screening of the
      retroperitoneum and lesser pelvis is easily performed and may contribute
      significant information. Urography is hardly mandatory any longer. Metrizamide CT
      myelography, highly recommended in infants and children, may be omitted in the
      neonate with no neurologic deficit. Urinary excretion of catecholamine
      metabolites is usually elevated and must always be determined.

PMID- 4050526
TI  - Diverticulosis in total colonic aganglionosis.
AB  - Two infants with total colonic aganglionosis (TCA) extending into the distal part
      of the ileum are described. Considerable diagnostic delay occurred with the
      correct diagnosis established first at 3 and 8 months, respectively. Radiologic
      findings compatible with TCA such as prolonged barium retention, reflux into
      ileum following barium enema, and foreshortening of colon were not clearly
      evident initially. Both patients demonstrated multiple acquired colon diverticula
      which increased both in number and size during the period of observation. These
      diverticula are probably a late manifestation of the spastic state of the
      anganglionic colon. Thus demonstration of diverticula supplies a strong evidence
      of TCA in infants with intestinal obstruction.

PMID- 4050527
TI  - Death following intravascular administration of contrast media.
AB  - Adverse reactions to intravascularly administered contrast media preceding death
      and the autopsy findings in 44 patients are presented. There is a wide scatter of
      the age distribution of fatal reactions. The highest incidence is in the 50-70
      year age group. Similar observations were obtained from the 405 deaths due to
      contrast media reported to the Food and Drug Administration of the United States.
      In the same age group the number of reactions is highest, likewise the autopsy
      findings. The predominant autopsy findings are pulmonary edema, congestion and
      hemorrhage; arteriosclerosis, both general and coronary. In the younger age group
      the autopsy findings are limited mostly to the respiratory tract. Fatal reactions
      to contrast media occur often without warning and most deaths occur within 15 min
      to 6 hours. Reactions to contrast media occur without relation to sex or age.

PMID- 4050528
TI  - Metrizamide compared with metrizoate in cardioangiography in high-risk patients
      with coronary artery disease.
AB  - In a double-blind, randomized, two-group study of 99 'high-risk' patients mainly
      with coronary artery disease, the non-ionic contrast medium, Amipaque
      (metrizamide), was compared with the ionic medium, Isopaque Coronar (meglumine-Na
      Ca-metrizoate) in cinecardioangiography. In evaluating the influence of the
      contrast media on the left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), the
      material was divided into 2 groups, 55 patients with a basal LVEDP of 15 mmHg or
      less and 44 with an LVEDP above this level. In the former group LVEDP increased
      significantly after injection of the contrast medium into the left ventricle, but
      significantly less (p = 0.006) after Amipaque than after Isopaque Coronar. In the
      patients with a basal LVEDP above 15 mmHg, no significant change occurred in
      LVEDP after left ventriculography with any of the 2 contrast media. No serious
      complications occurred.

PMID- 4050529
TI  - Ioxaglate versus diatrizoate in selective pulmonary angiography. I. Subjective
      reactions.
AB  - In selective pulmonary angiography, a low osmolality contrast medium, ioxaglate,
      was compared with diatrizoate from the aspects of subjective discomfort and
      angiographic information. A cross-over analysis was done in 40 cases. The
      intensity of local heat sensation during and after the injection of ioxaglate was
      significantly lower than with diatrizoate. With ioxaglate, no cough was
      experienced even in patients with subtotal atelectasis or massive pleurisy. The
      quality of the arterial phase was essentially identical, with both media, while
      in the venous ioxaglate series the quality was significantly superior to that of
      diatrizoate.

PMID- 4050530
TI  - Canine model of contrast medium induced fibrillation.
AB  - The injection of radiocontrast media into coronary arteries will produce a low
      incidence of ventricular fibrillation. This study establishes the injection
      duration (or contact time) required to produce fibrillation during right coronary
      angiography in dogs using a 370 mg I/ml, meglumine/sodium diatrizoate formulation
      (Renografin 76, Squibb). The mean contact time required to induce fibrillation
      was 18.8 +/- 5.8 seconds for 66 injections in 47 dogs. Prolonged ischemia of
      greater than 170 s did not produce either fibrillation or arrhythmias, therefore
      fibrillation is caused by properties of the media. The contact time was not
      significantly influenced by test injections and was not significantly different
      in repeated experiments. The canine contact time model of contrast media induced
      ventricular fibrillation is reproducible and will facilitate the study of risk
      factors that increase the possibility of fibrillation.

PMID- 4050531
TI  - Pulmonary edema following high intravenous doses of diatrizoate in the rat.
      Effects of corticosteroid pretreatment.
AB  - Serious adverse reactions to intravenous contrast media are rare but of major
      concern. Corticosteroids are the most commonly used drugs for prophylaxis but
      there is little documentation of their effectiveness. Controversy also exists
      about the optimum regime for these drugs. A rat model was used to evaluate the
      effect of methylprednisolone pretreatment for contrast media-induced pulmonary
      edema. Rats were given 40 mg methylprednisolone/kg intravenously at various time
      intervals before the intravenous injection of a high dose of diatrizoate (6 g
      I/kg). The combination of one dose of methylprednisolone at 24 hours plus another
      dose at 0.5 hours was the only regimen that caused a significant reduction in the
      degree of pulmonary edema induced by contrast media. This result provides support
      for the clinical regimen utilizing iterated doses of corticosteroids over a
      prolonged period of time.

PMID- 4050532
TI  - Renal function following nephroangiography with metrizamide and iohexol. Effects
      on renal blood flow, glomerular permeability and filtration rate and diuresis in
      dogs.
AB  - The non-ionic ratio 3.0 contrast media metrizamide and iohexol used in high-dose
      unilateral nephroangiography in dogs produce homogeneous nephrograms and no
      marked effects on renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and osmotic
      diuresis, in contrast to previously reported results using the same technique
      with iodine-equivalent doses of the ionic ratio 1.5 contrast medium diatrizoate
      (25). Iohexol affected glomerular permeability significantly less than
      metrizamide and diatrizoate.

PMID- 4050533
TI  - Central and renal haemodynamic effects of intravenous infusion of non-ionic and
      ionic contrast media. An experimental investigation in the pig.
AB  - The central and renal haemodynamic effects after intravenous infusion (1 ml/s) of
      a non-ionic (iohexol) and an ionic (metrizoate) contrast medium were investigated
      in 16 pigs. The injected contrast media induced marked haemodynamic changes
      compared with normal saline. However, there were no significant differences
      between the ionic and the non-ionic media. It was concluded that the effects were
      only partially caused by an increase in the blood volume due to the injected
      volume. In addition, the effects related to the viscosity, the osmolality and
      other not specified pharmacodynamic properties of the media are proposed to be of
      importance.

PMID- 4050534
TI  - Catecholamines in amniotic fluid as indicators of intrapartum fetal stress.
AB  - Catecholamines were measured in the amniotic fluid and in the first voided
      newborn urine obtained from appropriate-for-date infants of term deliveries.
      Catecholamine values in the amniotic fluid and urine were nearly equal when
      expressed in terms of creatinine. Significant positive correlations were observed
      between the amniotic fluid and urine of norepinephrine and epinephrine. In normal
      cases (n = 32) that underwent uneventful vaginal delivery, the 95% confidence
      limits for norepinephrine and epinephrine in the amniotic fluid were 1.53 to 2.33
      ng/ml and 0.16 to 0.30 ng/ml, respectively. In cases of moderate stress (n = 12),
      only norepinephrine showed significantly higher values than the normal cases,
      while in cases of severe stress (n = 12), norepinephrine became more
      significantly high, and epinephrine was found to be elevated significantly. A
      significant difference was noted in the incidence of fetal stress between the
      infants with more than and those with less than 2.30 ng/ml of norepinephrine, the
      upper limits of the normal 95% confidence limits. However, for epinephrine such a
      significant difference was not noted. It was concluded that amniotic fluid
      catecholamines are of fetal origin and reflect fetal sympathoadrenal activity
      directly, even during labor, and that their level may be a good indicator of
      fetal condition and stress.

PMID- 4050535
TI  - Concentrations of polyamines in umbilical blood.
AB  - Red blood cell and plasma polyamines in umbilical and maternal blood at delivery
      were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. The concentration of
      each polyamine in red blood cells and plasma of umbilical blood was significantly
      higher than in maternal blood. Spermidine and spermine concentrations in fetal
      red blood cells decreased markedly with the progress of pregnancy. In addition,
      younger red blood cells contained more polyamines than older cells. Red blood
      cell polyamines are closely associated with the cell membrane. Plasma polyamine
      in umbilical blood reflect active fetal metabolism, whereas red blood cell
      polyamines mainly reflect alterations in erythropoiesis in bone marrow and may
      indicate the proliferation of the bone marrow.

PMID- 4050536
TI  - Effects of respiration on the vectorcardiogram obtained with the Frank lead
      system.
AB  - Vectorcardiograms were recorded with the Frank lead system using electrodes
      positioned at the level of the 5 th intercostal space with the subject in the
      supine position. Deep inspiration produced the following significant changes
      compared with deep expiration: (1) the maximum leftward forces of the P, QRS, and
      T vectors decreased, whereas the maximum anterior and posterior forces of the QRS
      and T vectors increased; (2) the maximum spatial QRS vector decreased in
      magnitude; (3) the maximum spatial P, QRS, and T vectors shifted vertically,
      posteriorly and vertically, and anteriorly, respectively; and (4) the spatial QRS
      T angle increased remarkably. The spatial instantaneous QRS vectors were analyzed
      at 5 msec intervals in 35 of the 61 subjects. With inspiration, the 35- through
      50-msec vectors shifted posteriorly with markedly reduced leftward forces and
      increased posterior forces. It was suggested that the respiration-related
      vectorcardiographic changes reflected cardiac anatomic positional change,
      distortion of lead-field potential by lung gases, and other mechanisms. Since the
      respiratory effect is potentially important for vectorcardiographic
      interpretation, vectorcardiograms should be recorded under identical respiratory
      status.

PMID- 4050537
TI  - The organization of thalamic neurons projecting to the premotor cortex and the
      caudate nucleus in the cat studied by a fluorescent retrograde double labeling
      technique.
AB  - Thalamic neurons projecting to both the head of the caudate nucleus and the
      premotor cortex in the cat were studied by the retrograde fluorescent double
      labeling technique. After injections of Evans blue into the caudate nucleus, and
      diamidino-phenylindol into the premotor cortex, a small number of double labeled
      neurons appeared in the ventral anterior, ventral lateral, anteromedial,
      rhomboid, central dorsal, central lateral, central medial, paracentral and
      parafascicular nuclei, in addition to numerous single-labeled neurons. This
      indicates that some neurons in the thalamic nuclei send bifurcating axons to both
      the head of the caudate nucleus and the premotor cortex. The caudatal projections
      of these thalamic neurons are organized in a topical manner.

PMID- 4050538
TI  - [Renal arteriovenous fistulas. Conservative treatment by arterial embolization].

PMID- 4050539
TI  - [Erythema nodosum and ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 4050540
TI  - [The Hickman type central venous catheter for vascular access in cancer
      patients].

PMID- 4050541
TI  - [The suicidal adolescent and his family. Therapeutic assessment after the
      genogram].

PMID- 4050542
TI  - [Who pays for health care?].

PMID- 4050543
TI  - Primary prevention of coronary heart disease.

PMID- 4050544
TI  - Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
AB  - We reviewed all available chest X-rays of 95 patients with hereditary hemorrhagic
      telangiectasia (HHT). The diagnosis of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (PF) had
      previously been made in 13 patients, nine of whom had been operated on. Another
      three cases were found in the review. The 16 patients with HHT and PF came from
      eight families, one of which contributed seven patients. Median observation time
      between the first and the latest chest X-ray examination was 11 years (range 1/2
      35). Growth of the PF was seen in four patients and spontaneous regression in
      one. Four of the 16 patients with PF had symptoms consistent with cerebral
      embolism, while only two of the 79 patients without PF had such symptoms. This
      study is part of an epidemiological investigation of HHT--to our knowledge not
      carried out before. The calculated period prevalence of simultaneous HHT and PF
      in the decade 1964-74 in the county of Fyn (429 207 inhabitants) was 2.6 per 100
      000.

PMID- 4050545
TI  - Effect of improved glycemic control by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
      on hormonal responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetics.
AB  - Glucose counter-regulatory capacity and the hormonal responses to insulin-induced
      hypoglycemia were studied in eight type 1 diabetics before and after improvement
      of metabolic control by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). The
      intensified treatment resulted in a decrease in mean glycosylated hemoglobin from
      11.6 +/- 0.5 to 9.3 +/- 0.4% within a mean period of 14 weeks. During a constant
      rate infusion of insulin (2.4 U/h), steady state levels of glucose appeared in
      all subjects. The steady state glucose level was identical before and after CSII.
      The counter-regulatory hormonal responses showed significantly higher epinephrine
      levels, while glucagon, growth hormone, and cortisol were not influenced. In
      parallel with the heightened epinephrine response the pulse rate response was
      significantly enhanced. The restitution of blood glucose after insulin
      hypoglycemia was not modified. It is concluded that a more vigorous
      catecholaminergic response to hypoglycemia is achieved after improved metabolic
      control by CSII.

PMID- 4050547
TI  - Correction of respiratory acidosis and transient hypomagnesemia.
AB  - Four elderly patients with established chronic obstructive airways disease were
      admitted with a days' to weeks' history of increasing dyspnea. Acute respiratory
      acidosis was diagnosed and mechanical ventilation instituted. A few hours after
      initiation of treatment, arterial pH was normal in all patients, but serum
      magnesium concentrations decreased over the next 1-3 days. Thereafter, a
      spontaneous normalization was seen. It is suggested that the transient
      hypomagnesemia is due to correction of the acidosis per se.

PMID- 4050546
TI  - Aggravation of thiamine deficiency by magnesium depletion. A case report.
AB  - A patient with Crohn's disease and long-standing diarrhea resulting in a combined
      thiamine and magnesium deficiency is presented. Despite massive doses of thiamine
      i.v., the symptoms of thiamine deficiency could not be suppressed until the
      magnesium deficiency was corrected as well. This case report emphasizes the
      dependence of thiamine on magnesium for an adequate function in the body.

PMID- 4050548
TI  - Hodgkin's disease in sarcoidosis. A case report and a review of the literature.
AB  - A patient with Hodgkin's disease preceded by sarcoidosis is presented and the
      difficulties introduced by the lack of specificity for the sarcoid-like
      granulomas to differentiate between the dual pathology are discussed. A review of
      the literature disclosed 9 similar case reports. It is suggested that the finding
      of non-caseating epithelioid cell granulomas in relatively old patients with
      lymphadenopathy, systemic symptoms and absolute neutrophil leucocytosis could be
      warning signals of the appearance of Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 4050549
TI  - Incidence of different manifestations of coronary heart disease in middle-aged
      Finnish men and women.
AB  - The incidence of myocardial infarction and symptoms of coronary heart disease
      (CHD) were investigated in a prospective Finnish population study. Drawn from
      four geographical areas in Finland the study population comprised 5 438 men and 4
      924 women aged 30-59 at entry. The results are based on a re-examination of the
      study population after a mean follow-up time of six years. The average annual
      incidence of coronary death was 3.8/1 000, and that of non-fatal infarction 6.5/1
      000 in men and 0.4/1 000 and 2.1/1 000 in women. Ten per cent of all infarctions
      were silent, revealed only by ECG changes. Cases of new angina pectoris comprised
      40% of all the new events in men but 80% in women. This descriptive report serves
      as the basis for subsequent analyses comprising risk factors for different CHD
      manifestations.

PMID- 4050550
TI  - Factors of prognostic importance for subsequent rest pain in patients with
      intermittent claudication.
AB  - The risk of developing rest pain during a six-year period was studied in 224 non
      diabetic patients with intermittent claudication. Both smoking and multiple
      arterial stenoses in the leg were significantly correlated with an increased risk
      of developing rest pain. In non-smokers and in those who had stopped smoking
      within one year after the initial examination, the cumulative percentage of
      patients without rest pain after six years was 92, and in smokers and those who
      stopped smoking after more than one year it was 79 (p less than 0.03 after
      adjustment for differences in the presence of multiple stenoses). In patients
      with single stenosis the cumulative percentage of patients without rest pain was
      86, and in those with multiple stenoses 70 (p less than 0.05 after adjustment for
      differences in smoking habits). The results emphasize how important it is that
      patients with intermittent claudication do not smoke. The increased risk of rest
      pain associated with the presence of multiple arterial stenoses in the leg should
      be considered when making decisions concerning vascular surgery.

PMID- 4050551
TI  - Effects of long-term therapy with labetalol on lipoprotein metabolism in patients
      with mild hypertension.
AB  - The effects of labetalol on serum lipoproteins, the intravenous fat tolerance
      test (IVFTT) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) activities were
      studied in 16 patients with mild hypertension before and after 6 months of
      therapy. Most patients were found to be normotensive on 200 mg labetalol/day.
      Before therapy the mean concentration of serum TG was 0.75 +/- 0.21 (SD) mmol/l,
      of total cholesterol 5.41 +/- 1.25 mmol/l and of HDL cholesterol 1.67 +/- 0.61
      mmol/l. After labetalol no significant changes were found in the concentrations
      of TG and cholesterol in the VLDL, LDL and HDL fractions. The mean values for the
      IVFTT and for LPL and HL activities were in the normal range and remained
      unchanged during therapy.

PMID- 4050552
TI  - Arachidonic acid levels in serum phospholipids of patients with angina pectoris
      or fatal myocardial infarction.
AB  - The fatty acid composition and concentrations of serum phospholipids (PL) were
      examined in 14 normal subjects (NS), 10 patients with coronary heart disease
      (CHD) and stable angina pectoris, and in 12 patients with acute, fatal myocardial
      infarction (MI). The NS and patients with CHD and stable angina pectoris were
      matched with respect to age, height, body weight, blood pressure and serum
      cholesterol. Serum PL of patients with CHD and of patients with acute, fatal MI
      contained significantly more arachidonic acid (20:4n6, AA) than serum PL of the
      NS. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3, DHA) was also increased in serum PL of patients
      with acute, fatal MI. AA and DHA levels in serum PL reflect changes in lipid
      metabolism that may relate to the cause and/or consequences of CHD.

PMID- 4050553
TI  - Effect of nifedipine on cellular electrolytes in fourteen patients with untreated
      primary hypertension.
AB  - The effect of nifedipine on cellular electrolytes was studied in 14 patients (10
      males, 4 females, age 39-62 years) with untreated primary hypertension. Before
      therapy and after one and three months of treatment, sodium and potassium were
      analyzed in erythrocytes (ENa, EK). Before and after treatment, potassium and
      calcium (MK, MCa) were determined in biopsy specimens of skeletal muscle, by use
      of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry analysis. Blood pressure
      decreased from 186 +/- 23.5/108 +/- 8.4 to 156.1 +/- 13.8 (p less than
      0.001)/88.6 +/- 7.5 (p less than 0.001) and remained constant till the three
      month control, 151.8 +/- 8.0 (p less than 0.001)/88.9 +/- 6.6 mmHg (p less than
      0.001). ENa was significantly higher than in normotensive controls (p less than
      0.001) and decreased from 11.9 +/- 2.7 to 10.1 +/- 2.0 mmol/l (p less than 0.05).
      There was no statistical (pairs of differences) change in EK, MK or MCa when the
      whole patient series was considered. No relation was seen between family history
      of hypertension and electrolyte changes. For the 10 male patients a decrease was
      found in MCa from 1.30 +/- 0.25 to 1.08 +/- 0.17 mmol/l (p less than 0.05). No
      correlation could be shown between any of the parameters studied, neither in the
      whole group nor in the males separately.

PMID- 4050554
TI  - Aortic regurgitation associated with ventricular septal defects in adults.
      Clinical course, haemodynamic, angiographic and echocardiographic findings.
AB  - In 125 consecutive patients, aged greater than or equal to 10 years (mean 27,
      range 10-64), evaluated for isolated ventricular septal defects (VSD) the initial
      prevalence of aortic regurgitation (AR) was 12/125. Forty-one patients were
      operated on, and post-operative mortality was 3/6 in patients operated on for VSD
      and AR and 1/35 in those operated on for VSD alone. All but one of the patients
      have been followed until death or beyond the age of 30 years (mean 42, range 31
      73) and a prospective restudy has been performed after a mean observation time of
      15 years (range 4-21). The incidence of new cases of AR arising during this
      period was 10/111. AR was severe in 5 cases (one died from heart failure),
      moderate in 1 and mild in 4. Surgical repair of AR and VSD was performed in 3
      cases. Common characteristics of patients who developed AR were advanced age,
      male sex, history of bacterial endocarditis, small subaortic VSDs and tricuspid
      aortic valves without prolapse. Echocardiography revealed larger aortic root
      diameter (p less than 0.001), increased eccentricity factor (p less than 0.001)
      and increased left ventricular dimensions (p less than 0.02) in those with
      complicating AR. AR in adults with VSD may have an unpredictable clinical course;
      it may be difficult to assess clinically and the need for close clinical control
      is emphasized. Echocardiography remains of considerable value in selected cases.

PMID- 4050555
TI  - Hemodynamics in diabetic renal failure.
AB  - Cardiac performance was assessed by left ventricular catheterization in ten
      insulin-dependent diabetics with non-dialysis-requiring uremia. None of the
      patients had a history or clinical signs of ischemic or valvular heart disease or
      congestive heart failure. Cardiac output at rest was normal in all patients.
      During exercise, one patient had somewhat low cardiac output and nine showed
      impaired ability to increase stroke work. This impairment was accompanied by
      elevation of the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. The abnormal cardiac
      performance could not be ascribed to the degree of anemia or uremia or to volume
      overload. Arterial hypertension possibly contributed. The observations suggest
      that in diabetic patients with moderate uremia there is also left ventricular
      dysfunction. Renal transplantation should therefore be considered for these
      patients earlier than is customary for uremics without diabetes.

PMID- 4050556
TI  - [Does the presence of a thrombus in the renal vein and in the vena cava modify
      the prognosis of renal adenocarcinoma? Our experience].

PMID- 4050557
TI  - [Spontaneous extravasation from the upper urinary tract].

PMID- 4050558
TI  - [Preoperative diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism by computerized axial
      tomography].

PMID- 4050559
TI  - [Gil-Vernet's antireflux operation. Results in 10 cases].

PMID- 4050560
TI  - [Antithrombin III levels in patients with advanced carcinoma of the prostate
      treated with estrogens].

PMID- 4050561
TI  - [Epidermoid carcinoma (or squamous cells) of the renal pelvis].

PMID- 4050562
TI  - [Ureteral polyp of great size].

PMID- 4050563
TI  - [Retroperitoneal xanthogranuloma. Pelvic localization].

PMID- 4050564
TI  - [Retrocecal appendicular mucocele in the diagnosis of retroperitoneal cystic
      tumors].

PMID- 4050565
TI  - [Rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder in the adult].

PMID- 4050566
TI  - [Urethral prolapse in girls].

PMID- 4050567
TI  - [Inflammatory polyp of the urethra in the adult].

PMID- 4050568
TI  - Severely disturbed adolescents in community care.
AB  - The purpose of this research was to study key concepts related to
      deinstitutionalization and community facilities for emotionally disturbed
      adolescents. This study was conducted in two phases: In Phase I, a statewide
      survey was mailed to all licensed group-care providers; in Phase II, field
      research methods were used to collect data on five small residential facilities,
      each serving between four and sixteen residents. An average of 35 hours was spent
      observing in each facility and a total of 53 interviews were conducted with
      staff, residents, and administrators. Survey results indicate that a total of 125
      licensed group-care agencies in Massachusetts serve 4081 residents of all ages
      and disabilities in residential programs. At least sixty of these facilities
      accept adolescents, and seventy-four of them have state approval as residential
      schools for youngsters with special educational needs. Findings from the field
      research phase indicate that small group-care facilities place an emphasis on
      treatment and therapeutic intervention. The therapeutic activities in five
      facilities share similar features, and a classification scheme based on these
      similarities is offered. Other findings indicate that small residential
      facilities are not necessarily community-based, and that living in a small
      facility does not ensure integration into the community. A four-point scale is
      presented to measure the range of possible community-oriented activities. Four
      origins of decision-making about community activities are noted. Other findings
      indicate that the facilities are characterized by a high degree of staff/resident
      interaction, and that they possess some characteristics of total institutions,
      mediatory institutions, and families; the results suggest that these facilities
      are a new type of social setting with no direct correlation to other types of
      institutions.

PMID- 4050569
TI  - Adolescent pregnancy: contributing factors, consequences, treatment, and
      plausible solutions.
AB  - Adolescence, although not always necessarily a period of extreme stress, is a
      time of profound physical changes which increase the adolescent's awareness of
      and interest in sexual behavior. This issue of sexuality, which begins in early
      adolescence, creates new challenges to personal and gender identity formation as
      the person matures. Sexual maturation is a three-fold process, requiring growth
      in understanding of oneself as a sexual being, in the ability to handle
      interpersonal relationships effectively, and in the capacity to plan behavior in
      view of future outcomes and present problems. A current concern is that today's
      adolescents, including early adolescents, may be making important life choices
      such as parenthood before they are developmentally ready for such roles (Chilman,
      1980). This paper deals with pregnancy in adolescents and modes of responding to
      this phenomenon by those in the counseling and other helping professions.

PMID- 4050570
TI  - Developmental differences in depression: cognitive-perceptual distortion in
      adolescent versus adult female depressives.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine differential cognitive-perceptual
      distortion in depression for adolescent versus adult females. Twenty-five female
      adolescent and twenty-five female adult psychiatric inpatients served as
      subjects. Each had received a primary diagnosis of neurotic or reactive
      depression and had completed the Beck Depression Inventory within five days of
      hospitalization. Results indicated significant similarities between the groups in
      anger at self and sense of failure. These may serve as unifying themes for
      adolescent and adult depressives. Results also indicated significant differences
      between the two groups. Adult female depressives demonstrated an internalized,
      ruminative focus to their depressive cognitions. Adolescent female depressives
      demonstrated an externalized focus to their depressive cognitions. Adults
      demonstrated a preoccupation with their own view of themselves and perceived
      themselves as a failure in their own eyes. Adolescents demonstrated a
      preoccupation with how others view them and perceived themselves as a failure in
      the eyes of others. These results are discussed in terms of developmental,
      theoretical, and treatment issues for adolescent versus adult depressives
      generally. Depression may exacerbate cognitive-perceptual distortions already
      existing within the adolescent population. In treatment, group psychotherapy may
      prove particularly efficacious for adolescent depressives.

PMID- 4050571
TI  - The relationship between adolescent life stress events and delinquent conduct
      including conduct indicating a need for supervision.
AB  - Yeaworth, York, Hussey, Ingle, and Goodwin's (1980) Adolescent Life Change Event
      Scale was administered to 55 adolescents who were on probation or being held in
      detention for offenses ranging from a felony to conduct indicating a need for
      supervision (Texas Juvenile Probation Commission, 1983). The offenses committed
      during the previous 12 months were given weights, and weights obtained by
      Yeaworth (1980) were used for stress events experienced in the last 12 months.
      Pearson product moment correlation was computed to obtain a relationship between
      stress events and offenses. The results suggest that these adolescents are more
      stressed than nondelinquent adolescents when compared to the Yeaworth (1980)
      study. Nearly 82 percent of subjects in the present study had experienced the
      event of "failing one or more subjects in school." The correlation coefficient
      obtained relating stress events to offenses was -0.01727. The results were
      interpreted to mean that there is no relationship between total amount of stress
      experienced and total offenses committed. However, some patterns were found in
      runaway behavior and truancy that were related to several of the stress events;
      87.5 percent of runaway subjects had experienced "hassling with parents," and
      43.8 percent had experienced a "family member other than yourself having trouble
      with alcohol"; 94.1 percent of truancy subjects had experienced "failing one or
      more subjects in school," and 64.7 percent had experienced "getting into drugs or
      alcohol."

PMID- 4050572
TI  - Affective empathy and cognitive role-taking in delinquent and nondelinquent
      youth.
AB  - Ten male and 10 female delinquents were compared with 10 male and 10 female
      nondelinquents on a structured self-reported affective empathy task, an
      unstructured affective empathy task, and a cognitive role-taking measure.
      Differences between groups were found only on the unstructured empathy task, with
      delinquents performing more poorly than nondelinquents. Sex differences were
      noted in the delinquent sample on the structured empathy task, with males
      demonstrating less empathic responding than females. The role of empathic skills
      in the etiology of delinquent behavior is addressed. In addition, the need to
      further differentiate the cognitive and affective components of the empathic
      construct is emphasized.

PMID- 4050573
TI  - Adolescent substance abuse.
AB  - We have become a drug-oriented society. Cummings (1979), citing evidence from the
      National Institute of Drug Abuse, reports that one of every eleven adult
      Americans suffers from a severe addictive problem. Drug addition is epidemic
      among teenagers; one of every six teenagers suffers from a severe addictive
      problem. This paper focuses on adolescent drug/substance abuse.

PMID- 4050574
TI  - Strategies for dealing with resistant adolescents.
AB  - The phenomenon of resistance in adolescence is addressed by relating it to
      individual developmental issues and social context. Viewing resistance as having
      a positive and protective function and working with the resistance rather than in
      opposition to it is suggested. A continuum of types of adolescent resistance is
      proposed with several specific interventional strategies for deactivating
      maladaptive resistance.

PMID- 4050575
TI  - Adolescent sexuality in a therapeutic community: staff countertransference
      issues.
AB  - Issues connected with sexuality such as heterosexual relationships,
      homosexuality, sexual identity, and seductiveness, create conflict and
      countertransference dilemmas for staff who work with psychiatric patients in a
      therapeutic community. When the therapeutic community is composed of adolescents,
      these issues are exacerbated since sexual identity and sexual development are
      major concerns. The staff reacts strongly to the issue of self-determination and
      violation/infringement on a basic human need. These philosophical differences
      have their roots in countertransference feelings. Staff sometimes find it
      difficult to confront adolescents on emotionally charged issues that have a
      sexual coloring. A system is proposed for articulating and working through these
      feelings. A unique solution is posited for solving this conflictual attitude
      (based on object relations theory), whereby the residential treatment center
      serves as the analog of the home in order to allow adolescents to develop a sense
      of self before they can move on to the halfway house where heterosexual behavior
      is allowed (as part of the therapeutic process). This facilitates the meeting of
      the "self" with the "other." This procedure is explored in light of Sullivan's
      concept of intimacy.

PMID- 4050576
TI  - Adolescents' values, sexuality, and contraception in a rural New York county.

PMID- 4050577
TI  - Teaching functional reading in context to severely retarded and severely retarded
      autistic adolescents of limited English proficiency.
AB  - Practical information on how to teach severely retarded and severely retarded
      autistic students of limited English proficiency is presented. Specific
      information is given on developing a functional word list for these students that
      utilizes both Spanish and English. Other helpful techniques for teaching students
      in both languages are offered.

PMID- 4050578
TI  - Pitfalls in the psychoeducational assessment of adolescents with learning and
      school adjustment problems.
AB  - Over the past decade there has been a growing interest on the part of educators,
      medical specialists, mental health personnel, and the lay public in the
      diagnosis, evaluation, and remediation of specific learning disabilities in the
      school-age child. This paper attempts to show through case illustrations of five
      high school-age adolescents how parents can seek from clinical evaluators a
      diagnostic impression of primary learning disability for their nonlearning
      disabled children; how this otherwise legitimate diagnostic category can be
      inappropriately used in the service of denying the salient individual, emotional,
      and family system factors at work in the school-related difficulties; and how the
      label of learning disability can work as a formidable resistance on the part of
      the family when, following comprehensive, in-depth assessment, professional
      recommendations focus less on specific educational remediation and more on the
      need for individual or family psychotherapy. Suggestions are made for dealing
      with this clinical issue.

PMID- 4050579
TI  - Microenvironments in the lymphoid system. Proceedings of the Eighth International
      Conference on Lymphatic Tissues and Germinal Centers in Immune Reactions. August
      14-17, 1984, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

PMID- 4050580
TI  - Evidence for the existence of two distinct types of Peyer's patches in sheep.

PMID- 4050581
TI  - Evidence of differences between Peyer's patches and germinal centers.

PMID- 4050582
TI  - Immunoglobulin isotypes and antibody specificity repertoire of "spontaneously"
      occurring ("background") immunoglobulin-secreting cells in germfree mice fed
      chemically defined ultrafiltered "antigen-free" diet.

PMID- 4050583
TI  - The ontogenetic development of the follicular dendritic cell in rat spleen.

PMID- 4050584
TI  - Origin and turnover of follicular dendritic cells and marginal zone macrophages
      in the mouse spleen.

PMID- 4050585
TI  - Heterogeneity of the human thymus epithelial microenvironment at the
      ultrastructural level.

PMID- 4050586
TI  - K cell activity is independent of both thymus and spleen.

PMID- 4050587
TI  - The heterogeneity of mononuclear phagocytes in lymphoid organs: distinct
      macrophage subpopulations in rat recognized by monoclonal antibodies ED1, ED2 and
      ED3.

PMID- 4050588
TI  - Macrophages migrate from the marginal zone into the germinal centre of the rodent
      spleen.
AB  - In the first experiment, histological observation of the mouse spleen was carried
      out after intravenous carbon injection. Large carbon-laden macrophages were found
      in the marginal zone soon after injection and then they appeared to migrate into
      the white or red pulp. Macrophages migrating deeply into the white pulp came
      together favorably around the germinal centre and entered the majority of the
      germinal centres by 10 days. In the second and third experiments, syngeneic
      transfer of rat peritoneal macrophages labeled with carbon were performed. They
      were injected either retrograde via hepatic artery or directly into the splenic
      artery. Carbon-laden macrophages were found in the germinal centres in the spleen
      12 to 24 hours after injection though in a limited number. Possible migration of
      intrinsic as well as extrinsic macrophage from the marginal zone into the
      germinal centre was demonstrated.

PMID- 4050589
TI  - Splenic dependence of the antibody response to the TI-2 antigen, DNP-Ficoll:
      effect of the Ficoll carrier on the tissue distribution of 125-I-Ficoll
      conjugates.

PMID- 4050590
TI  - Modification of immune induction by adjuvant.
AB  - The role of adjuvanticity in the modification of the immune induction was studied
      by separate application of antigen and adjuvant in mice. An antigen specific
      plaque forming cell (PFC) test and a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) assay
      were used for these studies. Antigen (SRBC) and adjuvant were applied separately
      in time and place. A stable well defined water-in-oil emulsion without antigen
      was used as adjuvant. Our studies have shown that intraperitoneal (i.p.)
      injection of this adjuvant stimulates the intravenous (i.v.) induced PFC
      response, while the DTH response is suppressed. This effect can be demonstrated
      even when adjuvant has been injected i.p. 5 days prior to i.v. antigen injection.
      The stimulation of the PFC response depends on the dosage of i.v. injected
      antigen.

PMID- 4050591
TI  - The bursa of Fabricius as a trapping mechanism for environmental antigens.
AB  - The bursa of Fabricius was isolated from gut-derived antigens by ligating the
      bursal duct on the 18th day of incubation. Ligation of the bursal duct (BDL)
      suppressed the bursal development, spontaneous germinal centre formation in the
      spleen and the development of serum "natural" agglutinins for bacteria or
      heteroerythrocytes. Moreover, administration of sterilized cecal contents into
      the bursal lumen at BDL led to normal level of serum "natural" agglutinins. These
      findings strongly suggest that the bursa of Fabricius possesses an antigen
      dependent process which modulates the development of immune system. Antigen
      trapping mechanism of the bursa may supply information about environmental
      antigens for this process.

PMID- 4050592
TI  - Effect of Avridine on enteric antigen uptake and mucosal immunity to reovirus
      (1/Lang).

PMID- 4050593
TI  - Lymphocyte migration from Peyer's patches by diapedesis through M cells into the
      intestinal lumen.

PMID- 4050594
TI  - Emigration of newly formed lymphocytes from ileal Peyer's patches in lambs.

PMID- 4050595
TI  - Exploiting lymphocyte traffic to deliver radioactivity or ricin to lymphatic
      tissues.

PMID- 4050596
TI  - TMF, a thymic epithelial glycoprotein: chemotaxis of hematopoietic precursor
      cells.

PMID- 4050597
TI  - Organ-selective impairment of phagocytosis by cadmium.

PMID- 4050598
TI  - Quantitation of murine IgE in an automatic ELISA system.

PMID- 4050599
TI  - Interaction of rat monoclonal antibodies with human killer cells.

PMID- 4050600
TI  - Chemotactic anti-tumor antibodies: in vitro results with four different antibody
      preparations.

PMID- 4050601
TI  - A new indicator of human malignant tumour found on erythrocytes.

PMID- 4050602
TI  - Two monoclonal antibodies raised against a Burkitt lymphoma cell line recognise
      separate components of lymphoid follicles.

PMID- 4050603
TI  - Follicular dendritic cells in human germinal centres and lymphomatous follicles;
      a morphological comparison.

PMID- 4050604
TI  - Cardiac arrests in a geriatric unit.
AB  - The outcome of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation within an acute geriatric unit was
      studied in 95 patients (mean age 77 years, range 65-90) who were involved in 106
      consecutive cardio-respiratory arrest calls. In 58 patients (61%), initial
      resuscitation was unsuccessful and a further 21 (22%) died later in hospital.
      Fourteen patients (15%) were alive 3 months after hospital discharge, a success
      rate comparable to that of published series in younger patients. The probability
      of successful resuscitation was greater in patients in the High-dependency Unit,
      and ventricular fibrillation and a short duration of arrest were confirmed as
      good prognostic factors. Age had no influence on outcome. Although subjective
      levels of psychological and physical disability of survivors at 3 months were
      low, their domestic and social life was often excessively restricted. Selective,
      but positive, use of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation within acute geriatric units
      will benefit a significant minority of patients, but there is also a need for
      further measures to reduce unnecessary disability in long-term survivors.

PMID- 4050605
TI  - Accuracy of the impedance cardiogram in the measurement of cardiac output in the
      elderly.
AB  - The cardiac output has been determined by radionuclide angiocardiography and by
      impedance cardiography in 93 elderly patients. The agreement between the two
      methods was excellent in patients in sinus rhythm, without regurgitant valvular
      lesions, and without severe airways obstruction or right bundle branch block. In
      atrial fibrillation the lack of correlation may be due to differences in heart
      rate during the two measurements, in regurgitant valvular lesions to the fact
      that impedance cardiography measures stroke output, whether forward or backward,
      in airways obstruction to high values for the basal thoracic impedance, and in
      right bundle branch block perhaps to the abnormal impedance wave-form often
      present.

PMID- 4050606
TI  - Mitral valve stenosis in the elderly.
AB  - Forty-seven elderly patients (aged 70-95 years) with mitral stenosis (MS) were
      studied. The initial presentation in 77% of patients was in the postretirement
      age and 55% were diagnosed after the age of 70 years. A history of acute
      rheumatic fever (ARF) was given by 43% of all patients. One patient had mitral
      valve stenosis secondary to mitral annular calcification. MS due to rheumatic
      heart disease may be mild or the progress may be slow enabling patients to live a
      near normal life; increased longevity of the population in general, use of potent
      diuretics, limitation of physical activity due to medical complications and
      decreased number of pregnancies may have been contributory factors. In 23% of
      patients the diagnosis was initially unrecognized, underlining the possible
      occult nature of the valve lesion in some elderly patients. The advent of
      echocardiography has helped in case detection.

PMID- 4050607
TI  - Urinary tract infection after cystometry.
AB  - Eighteen of 67 patients who underwent cystometry for assessment of incontinence
      had a urinary tract infection 72 hours later. Though four of the 18 had an
      infection prior to cystometry, the true postcystometry infection was still high
      at 21%. Clinical details and urodynamic studies on these patients showed no
      correlation with sex, mobility, mental score, random blood sugar, renal function,
      initial residual volume of urine, previous pelvic operations or the type of
      bladder abnormality diagnosed on cystometry. The elderly and males with a high
      residual volume seemed more susceptible to infection. Thus cystometry carries a
      definite risk of infection even under optimal conditions and should not be
      undertaken lightly or without arrangements to follow up patients.

PMID- 4050608
TI  - Factors influencing outcome in elderly patients with urinary incontinence and
      detrusor instability.
AB  - The majority of elderly incontinent patients with detrusor instability in whom
      various medical treatments had been tried and failed, became dry or very
      significantly improved following attendance at a Continence Clinic. The reason
      for this was not only because this clinic had access to specialized
      investigational equipment, but also because patients received individual
      psychological and practical management of their incontinence. All were given time
      to discuss their problems, had imipramine titrated against effect, and practised
      habit-retraining programmes. Treatment was started in hospital if there was any
      doubt of the patients misunderstanding or not complying with such regimens.
      Patients did best if they were sensible and mobile. Urodynamic measurements
      seemed less important individually, although overall final outcome correlated
      with the severity of the instability.

PMID- 4050609
TI  - Travel sickness in patients attending a geriatric day hospital.
AB  - A survey of 172 patients attending a geriatric day hospital revealed that 33
      patients (19%) suffered travel sickness at some time. Sixteen (49%) of these
      patients also had a past history of travel sickness, while only 10 (7%) of those
      who were not sick gave a positive past history. The use of emergency vehicles for
      transporting patients may have increased the level of travel sickness. Seven (4%)
      of the patients had defaulted or considered defaulting on attendance because of
      the fear of travel sickness. Patients commenced on drug therapy for sickness
      responded well and experienced few side-effects and no interference with
      rehabilitation.

PMID- 4050610
TI  - The double sugar test of intestinal permeability in the elderly.
AB  - Tests of intestinal permeability are used as a reflection of upper-small
      intestinal mucosal damage. Thirty-two elderly in-patients aged 75-96 years, and
      64 hospital volunteers aged 22-64 years with no overt gastro-intestinal disease
      were studied to determine whether permeability changes with increasing age.
      Intestinal permeability was assessed by measuring the 5-h urinary excretion of a
      monosaccharide, L-rhamnose, and a disaccharide, cellobiose, for 5 h after their
      oral administration in a hypertonic solution. While in the elderly, excretion of
      both mono- and di-saccharides was significantly reduced by a half to two-thirds,
      the ratio of the two sugars in the urine was similar in both age groups. We
      conclude that permeability was unimpaired in the elderly patients whom we
      studied. Because the test depends on a ratio of excretion rates rather than an
      absolute rate, accuracy of urine collection and abnormal renal function do not
      invalidate the results. It is therefore useful as a screening test of upper-small
      intestinal mucosal damage in the elderly.

PMID- 4050611
TI  - Distribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) in tissue of a mutant mouse deficient
      in mast cell (W/Wv). Demonstration of the contribution of mast cells to the 5HT
      content in various organs.
AB  - The content of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) in various tissues of mutant mouse
      (W/Wv) deficient in mast cells and of control mouse (+/+) was determined by high
      performance liquid chromatography. The depletion of mast cells in the mutant
      mouse (W/Wv) was expected to cause a decrease in the 5HT content. In the control
      mice, 5HT was most densely accumulated in the lung (9.66 +/- 5.23 micrograms/g).
      Large intestine (6.40 +/- 2.61 micrograms/g) and stomach (6.10 +/- 2.14
      micrograms/g) followed the lung in the rating of the 5HT content. The 5HT content
      of W/Wv mice was only 23.4% and 4.1% that of the control in the stomach (p less
      than 0.01) and the skin (p less than 0.01), respectively. The results were
      consistent with the expectation. In other organs (small intestine, caecum, large
      intestine, brain, lung, blood and salivary gland), the difference between the
      W/Wv and normal mice was not statistically significant. The difference in the 5HT
      content of the stomach between the two genotypes was 4.67 micrograms/g and was
      much larger than the 5HT content (0.49 micrograms/g) of normal mouse skin. With
      regard to the relatively small number of mast cells present in the stomach, the
      great difference in the 5HT content in the stomach between the two genotypes
      cannot be explained by the loss of mast cells. Hence, besides mast cells other
      cells may contribute to the high 5HT content of the stomach.

PMID- 4050612
TI  - Cardiac and vascular effects of elliptinium in guinea pigs. Involvement of a
      histaminergic mechanism.
AB  - This work reports a study of the effects of elliptinium on heart rate, arterial
      blood pressure and capillary permeability in guinea-pigs. The variations in
      capillary permeability are determined by spectrophotometric assay of skin Evans
      blue. Elliptinium induces dose-independent tachycardia and dose-related
      hypotension. For the highest dose (6 mg/kg), elliptinium induces lethal collapse
      . Elliptinium increases capillary permeability and this effect, particularly
      marked at 1 mg, i.d., is partially antagonized by mepyramine-cimetidine
      association. These results are discussed in comparison with those obtained with
      elliptinium on other parameters, with histamine and with different antitumoral
      agents. The increase in capillary permeability raises the question of its
      relevance to the anticancer activity of elliptinium.

PMID- 4050613
TI  - Indirect adrenergic effect of compound 48/80 in cat cerebral arteries.
AB  - Compound 48/80 evoked an increase in the spontaneous tritium release from cat
      cerebral arteries prelabelled with 3H-NA. This increase was abolished after
      cervical gangliectomy, external calcium removal or in the presence of colchicine.
      Cocaine brought about an enhancement in the release of radioactivity elicited by
      compound 48/80 while diphenhydramine did not affect it. These results suggest
      that compound 48/80 has an indirect adrenergic effect in cat cerebral arteries
      which is not mediated by the release of histamine from mast cells.

PMID- 4050615
TI  - The importance of the lymphatic system.

PMID- 4050614
TI  - Two biochemically distinct populations of histaminocytes separated by isokinetic
      sedimentation of dispersed rat gastric cells.
AB  - Two populations of histaminocytes, with different sedimentation rates (SR), were
      separated by a computer developed isokinetic gradient using dispersed rat gastric
      mucosal cells. Histamine content, histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity and
      incorporation of radiolabelled histidine metabolites were used to assess the
      migration of specific cells throughout the gradients. One histaminocyte
      population, with cells of lower SR, contained high HDC activity and undetectable
      levels of histamine, whereas the other population, with cells of higher SR,
      contained lower HDC activity and high concentration of histamine. Both types of
      histaminocytes incorporated 3H-histidine metabolites. Electron microscopy showed
      that the fractions containing histaminocytes with lower SR had 3.5 times more
      endocrine ECL cells than the original population of dispersed fundic cells and
      lacked A and D cells, whereas the fractions with histaminocytes of higher SR were
      associated with a 2.7 times higher concentration of A and D cells and with a 7.7
      times higher ratio of a variety of partial cells with a distinct mitochondrial
      morphology. These results are consistent with prior novel information regarding
      the separation of two populations of rat histaminocytes using different
      sedimentation techniques.

PMID- 4050616
TI  - Anti-inflammatory activity of orpanoxin administered orally and topically to
      rodents.
AB  - Orpanoxin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) lacking gastric
      ulcerogenic effects in the therapeutic dose range in rats, was compared with six
      reference NSAIDs for oral activity in the rat paw carrageenin-induced edema
      assay. Tested NSAIDs were ranked on the basis of oral mg/kg ED50 values:
      piroxicam, 0.55; orpanoxin, 35.6; diflunisal, 59.6; benoxaprofen, greater than
      300; tolmetin sodium, greater than 300; and sulindac, greater than 300. Zomepirac
      sodium was inactive. Only the three most potent compounds produced greater than
      60% inhibition of edema. Inhibition was generally greater at 4 h than at 6 h post
      carrageenin for all compounds. Oral activity of orpanoxin was also demonstrated
      in the guinea-pig u.v.-induced erythema model (ED50 = 24.2 mg/kg p.o. when given
      1 h before irradiation) and in the mouse ear croton oil induced edema test (ED50
      value = 131 mg/kg p.o.). Topical activity of orpanoxin was assessed in both the
      guinea-pig and mouse models. In the guinea-pig u.v.-induced erythema model,
      application (1 h after u.v.) of 1, 5, and 10% (w/v) orpanoxin creams (containing
      10% urea) significantly inhibited erythema at 2, 3, and 4 h post-irradiation.
      Orpanoxin, mefenamic acid, and indomethacin as 1% creams inhibited total erythema
      scores 70, 92 and 74%, respectively. Evidence for topical activity in the mouse
      ear assay was also obtained for orpanoxin in diethyl ether or 10% urea cream, but
      not in dimethylsulfoxide. It was concluded that orpanoxin has anti-inflammatory
      activity comparable to reference NSAIDs in the rat paw edema test, is active
      orally in rat, mouse, and guinea-pig models, and shows topical activity in the
      guinea-pig and the mouse.

PMID- 4050617
TI  - Suppression of mouse complement activity by contaminants of technical grade
      pentachlorophenol.
AB  - Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is an antimicrobial agent used chiefly for the
      preservation of wood. Subchronic oral exposure (14 days) to Technical Grade PCP
      significantly inhibited the functional activity of female B6C3F1 mouse complement
      when measured in a microtiter hemolytic assay. When evaluated one day following
      the final exposure the highest administered dose (100 mg/kg) significantly
      suppressed the Classical complement pathway, the Spontaneous C1 autoactivation
      pathway, the Alternate pathway and the level of complement component, C3.
      Reconstitution studies using C5-deficient serum also demonstrated deleterious
      effects on this complement component. The Classical pathway was the most
      sensitive to Technical Grade PCP effects. Animals treated with 100 mg/kg
      Technical Grade PCP had CH 50 levels 30% of vehicle controls. Animals treated for
      14 days and allowed a 15 day recovery period had CH 50 values 36% of control and
      animals which recovered for 30 days had only 52% of the complement activity of
      control animals. C3 recovery studies also demonstrated continued suppression on
      days 15 and 30 post-final exposure. Doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg did not produce the
      marked effects observed with the highest dose; however, a dose-dependent trend
      was observed for all responses. Animals treated with 100 mg/kg of EC-7, a PCP
      preparation with reduced amounts of contaminating dioxins and dibenzofurans, did
      not demonstrate detrimental effects on the complement system.

PMID- 4050618
TI  - Neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in some preparations of secretin and
      cholecystokinin.
AB  - Commercially available cholecystokinin (CCK) from the Boots Company, Nottingham
      and to a lesser degree CCK from the Gastrointestinal Hormone Research Unit of
      Karolinska Institute Stockholm and from Kabi Diagnostica, Studsvik, and also
      secretin from the Boots Company have been found to contain neurotensin-like
      immunoreactive contamination. As neurotensin is able to stimulate pancreatic
      secretion, this admixture may be of relevance when pancreatic function is tested.

PMID- 4050619
TI  - The effect of calcium on cardiac anaphylaxis in guinea-pig Langendorff heart
      preparations.
AB  - This study was designed to determine the effects of different calcium
      concentrations on the perfused isolated guinea-pig heart preparation subjected to
      cardiac anaphylaxis. Following challenge both physiological and biochemical
      effects were determined on hearts from guinea-pigs previously sensitized to
      ovalbumin. Perfusion media containing either 1,2.54 or 5 mM of calcium was used.
      In comparison to nonsensitized controls challenged to ovalbumin, challenged
      sensitized hearts (CSH) perfused with 1 mM Ca2+ showed an initial increase in
      dF/dt, a prolonged rise in H.R. and depressed coronary flow. Raising the calcium
      concentration to either 2.54 or 5 mM in CSH preparations resulted in a marked
      increase in the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the coronary effluent
      and depressed coronary flow. Perfusing CSH preparations with increasingly higher
      calcium concentrations more often produced severe tachyarrhythmias and
      fibrillation. The highest level of histamine released into the coronary effluent
      occurred immediately following challenge and then declined exponentially over the
      next 20 min. Both challenge and the administration of histamine induced an
      immediate but transient increase in H.R., a rise in dF/dt, and LDH release. The
      infusion of histamine produced an increase in coronary flow, but on porcine
      tubular coronary arterial segments only a direct constricting effect was
      obtained. The prior administration of cimetidine (10(-5) M) attenuated the rise
      in LDH and dF/dt in CSH and nonsensitized preparations infused with histamine (3
      micrograms). However, although cimetidine did not affect the decreased coronary
      flow in CSH preparations, it initially attenuated the rise in coronary flow in
      preparations infused with histamine. These results suggest that calcium enhances
      the likelihood of tachyarrhythmias in cardiac anaphylaxis. The release of LDH in
      histamine-infused preparations and those CSH preparations perfused with 2.54 and
      5 mM calcium-containing media also suggests the possibility that calcium enhances
      the damaging effects on the myocardial cell in cardiac anaphylaxis.

PMID- 4050620
TI  - No evidence for a physiological role of 5-hydroxykynuramine in chicken
      hemostasis.
AB  - Pharmacological effects of 5-hydroxykynuramine (5-HK) were investigated in
      chicken whole blood. It was shown that 5-HK had a time-depending inhibiting
      activity on platelet aggregation induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT).
      Experiments were carried out in order to determine whether the inhibitory effect
      of chicken aorta upon 5-HT-induced aggregation of chicken whole blood could be
      explained by the formation of 5-HK, a metabolite of 5-HT. Using high performance
      liquid chromatography (HPLC) in combination with sensitive electrochemical
      detection, the presence of 5-HK could not be confirmed in chicken blood or aortic
      tissue, despite the fact that 5-HT levels of chicken blood (6.78 +/- 0.54
      micrograms/ml) and aorta (0.69 +/- 0.11 micrograms/g of tissue wet weight) could
      be determined. These results do not point to a physiological role of 5-HK in
      chicken whole blood aggregation.

PMID- 4050622
TI  - [Heterogeneity of a KU-2 cell line derived from human renal cell carcinoma-
      differential susceptibilities of its sublines to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity].
AB  - Natural killer (NK) cell activity against 4 different sublines of a permanent
      cell line KU-2 derived from human renal cell carcinoma were measured by 51Cr
      release assay and single cell binding assay. KU-2 and its sublines exhibited
      different susceptibilities of interferon (IFN)-augmented NK cell cytotoxicity.
      Moreover, 2 out of 4 sublines changed in susceptibility to NK cell cytotoxicity
      in a few months. Along with the direct assay for NK cell activity, frequency and
      kinetics of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against 3 sublines were studied by
      single cell binding assay where spontaneous killing of target cells was directly
      visualized by the reading of trypan blue uptake into target cells among effector
      target cell conjugates. The frequency of killer cells among conjugates was
      dependent on the susceptibility of the sublines to the IFN-augmented NK cell
      cytotoxicity. These results suggested the following: KU-2 cell line was not
      homogeneous but composed of a heterogeneous population of cells and even in one
      subline derived from a clone, the cells with different susceptibilities to NK
      cell-mediated cytotoxicity developed spontaneously in ordinary culture conditions
      with the passage of a certain period of time.

PMID- 4050621
TI  - Carrageenin-induced thrombosis in rats and mice: a model for testing
      antithrombotic substances?
AB  - Among different carrageenins, kappa-carrageenans were found to be thrombogenic,
      whereas lambda-carrageenins were inactive in this respect, although the latter
      substances exerted a stronger edemogenic activity. Kappa-carrageenin (Sigma) was
      the most potent thrombogen. As the consequence of thrombosis tail infarction
      became visible some minutes after i.v. administration, but it was delayed for
      about 3 hours after the i.p. route and for about 6 hours after subplantar
      injection. Infarction frequency as well as extent of infarction was inhibited by
      heparin, cyproheptadine, phentolamine and dibenamine. Other substances like
      aspirin and dipyridamole showed no or only weak effects. Advantages of the
      carrageenin-induced thrombosis model in rats and mice are: (i) simple induction
      in small laboratory animals, (ii) easy observation and quantification all the
      time without killing the animals, and (iii) possible external testing of
      antithrombotic agents by applying substances on the tail.

PMID- 4050623
TI  - Functional recovery of the bladder in patients with spinal cord injury-
      prognosticating programs of an aseptic intermittent catheterization.
AB  - Ninety patients with spinal cord injury were managed by aseptic intermittent
      catheterization program I (preventing the over-distension of the bladder) and
      program II (allowing overdistension) in which recovery of bladder function and
      the clinical effects were comparatively investigated. Using program I, cases with
      positive BCR restored the automaticity of the bladder on average 8 weeks after
      injury. When urinary incontinence first occurs during aseptic intermittent
      catheterization, urinary training may be commenced since the bladder has then
      recovered from spinal shock. Cases with no BCR do not restore automatic bladder
      contraction. Program II delayed or weakened the recovery of bladder function
      considerably. Patients with incomplete lesions and sacral sparing, particularly
      those with urinary sensation, should be managed by program I which does not
      impair recovery of the bladder. It is possible to prevent urinary incontinence
      and infection, if paraplegics with complete lesions are managed by program II.
      The percentage of urinary infection was 22.6 +/- 16.0% (N = 90) during aseptic
      intermittent catheterization (non-touch technic) among whom no statistically
      significant difference between those with trigger voiding (22.2 +/- 17.2%, N =
      57) and those with self-catheterization (23.2 +/- 14.0%, N = 33) was found.

PMID- 4050624
TI  - [Two cases of primary hyperparathyroidism].
AB  - Two cases of primary hyperparathyroidism with urolithiasis are reported. These
      cases were preoperatively localized by CT-scan and 201T1-chloride scintiscan.
      Primary hyperparathyroidism is one of the most significant pathogenesis of
      urolithiasis and determination of serum Ca level is valuable in screening for
      primary hyperparathyroidism. CT-scan, ultrasonogram and scintiscan with 201T1
      chloride are useful and are non-invasive studies to detect preoperative
      localization of parathyroid tumors.

PMID- 4050625
TI  - [Cis-platinum used for the prevention of the recurrence of adrenal cortical
      carcinoma: report of a case].
AB  - The right suprarenal mass was found in a 21-year-old housewife. Her major
      clinical features were amenorrhea, polydipsia and buffalo hump obesity.
      Endocrinological and roentgenological studies suggested the presence of Cushing's
      syndrome due to adrenocortical carcinoma in addition to ipsilateral renal stone.
      The huge adrenal tumor and renal calculus were successfully removed. The
      histological diagnosis was adrenocortical carcinoma. Seventeen days after the
      operation, cis-platinum was administered to prevent the recurrence of tumor
      development. No recurrence has been observed for approximately 2 years after the
      surgery. Long follow-up must be pursued to clarify the real efficacy of cis
      platinum treatment.

PMID- 4050626
TI  - [Pheochromocytoma in an elderly patient: report of a case].
AB  - This is a case report of a pheochromocytoma which developed in a 67-year-old man.
      The patient presented himself with a productive cough and orthopnea, both of
      which were subsequently proved to be due to hypertensive heart failure. The
      diagnosis of a pheochromocytoma originating from the left adrenal gland was
      established endocrinologically and roentgenologically. Transperitoneal
      adrenalectomy was undertaken, and a tumor weighing 300 g was obtained.
      Histopathologically, the tumor was composed of two elements: cells with profuse
      cytoplasma having chromaffin-positive granules, and other cells consisting of
      spindle cells with mitosis. Surgical exploration could not identify another tumor
      or metastasis, and his blood pressure returned to normal, with normal
      catecholamine levels, after surgery. This is the first reported case of an
      elderly person with a pheochromocytoma complicated by congestive heart failure
      and renal insufficiency preoperatively; however, it was controlled well, and he
      underwent surgery successfully. This case constitutes the 64th report on a
      pheochromocytoma in persons over 60 years of age in the Japanese literature.

PMID- 4050627
TI  - [A case of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava].
AB  - A case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava was reported. The
      patient, a 74-year-old man, consulted our hospital with complaints of back pain
      and abdominal mass in right flank. Probe laparotomy revealed a tumor situated in
      the retroperitoneum and multiple metastatic nodules in the liver. Biopsy was
      performed and diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma. He was intensively treated with
      antineoplastic chemotherapy, but his condition gradually aggravated. He died 4
      months after admission. The autopsy revealed a right retroperitoneal mass (17 X
      12 X 18 cm in size, 1,340 g in weight) that showed a yellowish appearance. There
      was also a thumb-tip sized tumor with a stalk in the lumen of inferior vena cava.
      Both tumors grew in continuity with each other through the wall of inferior vena
      cava. The tumors were diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma, which derived from inferior
      vena cava.

PMID- 4050628
TI  - [Extended radical nephrectomy in renal carcinoma involving the inferior vena
      cava: a case report].
AB  - A case of successful removal of right renal cell carcinoma extending into
      inferior vena cava in a 62-year-old man was reported. The tumor thrombus reached
      the level of the liver and almost completely obliterated both caval and
      contralateral renal veins. With cooperation of cardiovascular and hepatic
      surgeons, the operation was performed under thoracoabdominal exposure. Extensive
      mobilization of the liver enabled us to regulate vena caval and hepatic blood
      circulation. The tumor thrombus, though partly adhesive to the caval vein, could
      be completely removed safely through a long cavotomy incision. To cope with the
      recent advance in more aggressive cancer surgery, it seems mandatory for
      urologists to acquire a broad knowledge of thoracic, cardiovascular and hepatic
      surgery as well.

PMID- 4050629
TI  - [Metastatic ureteral tumor: a case report].
AB  - Among the secondary ureteral tumors, there have been a few true metastases to the
      ureters. We report a case of metastatic ureteral tumor from the pancreas, and
      review and discuss 60 cases collected from the Japanese literature.

PMID- 4050630
TI  - [Two ectopic openings of an unduplicated ureter into the bladder neck and the
      vagina: a case report].
AB  - A case of two ectopic ureteral openings into the bladder neck and the vagina is
      reported. A 6-year-old-girl was admitted with gross hematuria and incontinence.
      The left kidney could not be visualized by excretory pyelography. Voiding
      cystogram revealed left vesicoureteral reflux. Left ureteral orifice could not be
      confirmed by cystoscopic examination. In January 1982, left nephroureterectomy
      was carried out. Contrast material injected into the left ureter during the
      operation was found to be drained into the bladder and the vagina. Thus, left
      ureter was resected close to the end of the ureter to avoid injury of the urethra
      and its sphincter. After the operation, incontinence disappeared. This case is
      the second case of two ectopic openings of unduplicated ureter.

PMID- 4050631
TI  - [A case of congenital vesicovaginal fistula].
AB  - Congenital vesicovaginal fistula is very rare and only five cases have been
      reported so far. This is a report on a case of congenital vesicovaginal fistula
      in a three-year-old girl. Vesicovaginal fistula was confirmed by cystoscopy and
      colposcopy. Roentgen examinations, including IVP, CG and CT revealed a left
      hypoplastic kidney, left ectopic ureteric orifice and left vesicoureteral reflux.
      Under general anesthesia, the fistula was resected and closed transvesically, and
      ureterocystoneostomy was performed. Five out of the six cases of congenital
      vesicovaginal fistula reported worldwide had other congenital complications of
      the genitourinary system, but the etiology of this anomaly is still unknown.

PMID- 4050632
TI  - [XX-male in a case of male infertility].
AB  - A 26-year-old man with the chief complaint of male infertility for 3 years was
      referred to our clinic. Physical examination of the patient revealed normal male
      habitus except for a small testis. His semen analysis showed no sperm. Levels of
      plasma LH and FSH were high compared with normal ones but that of plasma
      testosterone was within the normal range. Histological examination of his testis
      showed no spermatogenesis. Chromosome analysis with peripheral blood revealed 46,
      XX. H-Y antigen could be detected by in vitro cytotoxicity tests. By the above
      findings, the diagnosis of XX-male was made. Literature dealing with this disease
      is scanty. Only 18 cases of XX-male including our case were collected in Japan.
      The etiology and clinical features of this disease are discussed in the present
      report.

PMID- 4050633
TI  - [46, XX true hermaphroditism: a case report with a review of 37 cases reported in
      Japan].
AB  - The patient was a 17-year-old male who had undergone chordectomy at the age of 5
      years. The patient visited us with the chief complaint of ectopic urethral
      opening and breast growth at the end of May, 1980. Urethrography revealed a well
      developed vagina and a unicordial uterine. The upper portion of bilateral gonads
      were cystic and nodular by palpation. Sex chromatin examination using buccal
      smear revealed X chromatin positive and Y chromatin negative. Chromosomal
      constitution was 46, XX karyotype and H-Y antigen was positive. Since the patient
      hoped to remain as male, he received gonadectomy, hysterectomy and implantation
      of thesis prosthesis into his scrotum. Histopathologically, bilateral gonads were
      ovotestes and neither vas nor fallopian tube was present. Postoperatively, he
      received supplement therapy with testosterone with successful results concerning
      his secondary sexual characters.

PMID- 4050634
TI  - [Clinical study on long-term cinoxacin therapy for outpatients with chronic
      complicated urinary tract infections].
AB  - Cinoxacin was administered to 30 outpatients with chronic complicated urinary
      tract infection for 57.3 days (average) and the following results were obtained.
      Clinical efficacy based on decrease of pyuria were "excellent" in 44.8%, "good"
      in 31.0%, "fair" in 24.1%, and "poor" in 0%; and, overall effectiveness rate
      reached 75.9%. As for side effect, diarrhea and nausea were observed in 2 and 1
      patients, respectively. GOT and GPT elevation was also seen in one case.
      Cinoxacin long term therapy seems to be effective and useful to chronic
      complicated urinary tract infections.

PMID- 4050635
TI  - [Effect of Robaveron tablet (KN-7) in the long-term therapy for urinary
      disturbances].
AB  - Long-term therapeutic effect of Robaveron tablet (KN-7) was studied on 10 female
      patients of middle and old age with ptosis of urinary bladder and 9 patients with
      neurogenic bladder. The patients had mainly complained of such subjective
      symptoms as pollakisuria, difficulty of urination, sense of residual urine, lower
      abdominal discomfort and urinary incontinence. Robaveron tablet was administered
      at 2 tablets t.i.d. for 3-26 months. And the drug efficacy was evaluated by
      residual urine, cystometric findings and subjective symptoms. A significant
      decrease in the residual urine rate and a significant increase of pressure
      amplitude were obtained, and improvement of subjective symptoms was seen with an
      effective rate of about 70%. Overall effectiveness, rated slightly improved or
      better was 89.5%. No cases of side effects or abnormalities in laboratory tests
      were observed. Robaveron tablet is safe and effective for patients with urinary
      disturbance accompanied by ptosis of urinary bladder, as a myogenic disorder, as
      well as neurogenic bladder in the long-term therapy.

PMID- 4050637
TI  - Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis.

PMID- 4050636
TI  - [Study of the local use of amikacin].
AB  - Amikacin sulfate (AMK) was used against urinary tract infections (UTI) as local
      administration such as bladder lavage, renal pelvic lavage and vesical
      instillation. Forty four patients with UTI were treated by this method, 32
      patients having Foley catheter indwelling in the bladder and 12 patients having
      drainage catheter indwelling in the renal pelvis. The overall clinical effect
      under UTI judgment was 3 excellent cases, 24 good, 11 fair and 6 poor, with an
      efficiency of 61.4%. A total of 100 bacteria, 47 gram positive, 33 gram negative,
      6 anaerobes and 14 fungi, were found in the urine and bacteriological effect was
      68.8% and 57.1% in single and combined bacterial infection, respectively. The
      serum concentration of AMK was measured in 9 patients by radioimmunoassay, and
      the maximum concentration was 0.38 micrograms/ml which is a low absorption rate.
      There were no adverse reactions during or after treatment with AMK.

PMID- 4050638
TI  - Significance of nonstenotic carotid bifurcation plaques.
AB  - It is difficult to determine the significance of nonstenotic carotid bifurcation
      plaques in patients with ischemic cerebral symptoms. Plaque ulcerations may be
      associated with platelet/fibrin embolism. Hemorrhages within a plaque may also
      cause symptoms. In practice, however, plaque ulcerations and intraplaque
      hemorrhages are difficult to define. The clinical presentation often offers
      valuable clues to the etiologic significance of nonstenotic carotid bifurcation
      plaques.

PMID- 4050639
TI  - Placement decisions in the elderly.
AB  - Placement decisions for the elderly involve assessment of social, mental,
      physical and functional parameters. Matching the patient's needs with the
      resources in the community can be a complex task. The family physician may have
      to act as the leader of a diverse team. Interaction with the family is necessary
      to construct a workable plan that allows the elderly individual to reach a
      maximal and satisfying level of functioning.

PMID- 4050640
TI  - Multiple sclerosis: Part I. Common physical disabilities and rehabilitation.
AB  - Rehabilitation of the multiple sclerosis patient must be individualized because
      of the varied manifestations and fluctuating course of the disease. The activity
      schedule must be modified to compensate for muscle weakness and fatigability.
      Spasticity and the preventable complication of joint contractures may be treated
      with joint ranging, medications, motor-point blocks and surgical intervention.
      Mobility problems, such as foot drop, may be improved with an ankle-foot
      orthosis, but ultimately a patient may require a wheelchair. Measures to prevent
      pressure sores include position change, pressure release, incontinence management
      and special equipment.

PMID- 4050641
TI  - Hematospermia.
AB  - Hematospermia is not uncommon. Patients who note blood in their semen experience
      anxiety because of a concern that their symptoms are due to malignancy. Since
      most cases resolve spontaneously, reassurance can usually be given. In most
      patients under age 30, hematospermia is idiopathic or associated with
      inflammatory or infectious conditions. When it occurs in association with other
      urologic symptoms, or when it persists in patients over age 40, more serious
      disorders must be considered.

PMID- 4050642
TI  - Recognition of pseudodementia.
AB  - The most common features of cognitive impairment due to pseudodementia are a
      relatively acute onset, symptoms of six to 12 months duration; past psychiatric
      history, particularly depressive illness; age over 50; frequent "don't know" as
      opposed to "near miss" answers; normal electroencephalogram and computed
      tomographic scan of the brain, and absence of nocturnal worsening. With this
      profile, or three or four of these clinical features, a carefully monitored,
      aggressive trial of an antidepressant regimen is justified.

PMID- 4050643
TI  - Effects of pulsed external augmentation of diastolic pressure on coronary and
      systemic hemodynamics in patients with coronary artery disease.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to define the effects of pulsed external diastolic
      pressure augmentation on coronary and systemic hemodynamics in 14 men with
      coronary artery disease and normal left ventricular function. Coronary sinus and
      great vein blood flow (thermodilution) and systemic hemodynamics were measured
      before, during, and after timed lower extremity compression, augmenting peak
      diastolic pressure to within 5 mm Hg of systolic pressure. Systolic and diastolic
      pressure-time indices were calculated from the high-fidelity micromanometer left
      ventricular-aortic recordings. External counterpulsation increased mean arterial
      pressure (108 +/- 11 [1 SD] to 114 +/- 12 mm Hg, p less than 0.01) and the
      diastolic pressure-time index (440 +/- 51 to 498 +/- 82 units, p less than 0.01),
      with no change in the systolic pressure-time index, absolute coronary sinus, or
      great cardiac vein blood flow. External diastolic pressure augmentation did not
      affect heart rate, right heart hemodynamics, cardiac output, or calculated
      myocardial oxygen consumption. An unanticipated finding was a greater than or
      equal to 10% reduction in peak systolic pressure during external diastolic
      pressure augmentation in 8 of 14 patients. Despite minimal changes in absolute
      myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption, the increase in the diastolic
      pressure-time/systolic pressure-time index ratio suggests that subendocardial
      perfusion may be favorably influenced by diastolic pressure augmentation and may
      explain the previously reported clinical benefits of external counterpulsation in
      some patients with ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 4050644
TI  - Relationship of delayed depolarization to the QT interval after acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - The relationship between conduction delay, as manifested by a prolonged QRS or
      late potentials (LP) detected by signal averaging, and QT prolongation was
      analyzed in six patients who had QTc greater than or equal to 0.42 second within
      48 hours of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Total QRS, LP, QT, and QTc
      durations were measured on days 2 to 3, 4 to 5, 6 to 7, and 8-9. In each
      recording period, the QT interval and QTc interval did not correlate with the QRS
      duration and LP duration (r less than or equal to 0.52 for each comparison). In
      19 out of 27 instances, a sequential change in QT or QTc intervals was discordant
      with changes in QRS duration and/or LP, i.e., temporal changes in QT intervals
      were not determined by conduction. Thus, QT prolongation after AMI is not
      primarily due to regional slowing of conduction that results in regional delays
      in termination of some action potentials. Global prolongation of repolarization
      would seem to result from dispersion of action potential duration, not onset.

PMID- 4050645
TI  - Influence of left ventricular function on signal averaged late potentials in
      patients with coronary artery disease with and without ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Left ventricular dysfunction has been suggested as a cause of late potentials on
      the signal averaged ECG of patients with coronary artery disease. We compared the
      averaged surface ECG with angiographic findings in 57 patients with coronary
      artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. Sixteen patients had sustained
      ventricular tachycardia and 41 had no documented arrhythmia. These two patient
      groups were comparable with respect to age, mean ejection fraction, and wall
      motion score. Late potentials, defined as voltage less than 25 microV in the last
      40 msec of the filtered QRS complex, were found in 10 of 16 patients with
      ventricular tachycardia and in 6 of 41 patients without arrhythmia (p less than
      0.005). However, late potentials were independent of ejection fraction, wall
      motion score, or presence of dyskinesis in both groups. There was no correlation
      between the total filtered QRS duration and ejection fraction or wall motion
      score in either patient group. In patients with coronary artery disease, late
      potentials are associated with ventricular tachycardia but are independent of
      global or regional left ventricular function. This finding has important
      implications for studies of the prognostic value of late potentials following
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4050646
TI  - The effect of the new calcium antagonist nisoldipine (BAY k-5552) on myocardial
      infarct size limitation in conscious dogs.
AB  - The effect of the new calcium antagonist nisoldipine (BAY k-5552) on myocardial
      infarct size was studied in four groups of conscious dogs undergoing acute left
      anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. Group I received placebo for 48
      hours before and for 24 hours after occlusion; group II received placebo before
      and nisoldipine (0.3 mg/kg orally every 6 hours) after occlusion; group III
      received nisoldipine before and placebo after occlusion; and group IV received
      nisoldipine before and after occlusion. Infarct size was quantified with the
      tetrazolium red staining technique. Infarcted ventricular mass was 24.5 +/- 6.6%
      (mean +/- SD) for group I (control), 21.4 +/- 4.4% for group II (p = NS against
      control), 13.9 +/- 4.5% for group III (p less than 0.05), and 14.1 +/- 4.0% for
      group IV (p less than 0.05). Post occlusion sudden death was 30% in non
      pretreated dogs and 0% in pretreated dogs (p less than 0.001). We conclude that
      prophylactic oral treatment with nisoldipine decreases infarct size and lowers
      the incidence of sudden death in conscious dogs undergoing acute coronary
      occlusion.

PMID- 4050647
TI  - Classification of left ventricular thrombi by their history of systemic
      embolization using pattern recognition of two-dimensional echocardiograms.
AB  - Although one can diagnose left ventricular (LV) thrombi by two-dimensional
      echocardiography (2DE), the factors associated with peripheral embolization,
      given a 2DE with LV thrombi, have not been well delineated. Therefore we looked
      at 2DE and clinical variables that included texture features in the 2DE of 38
      patients whose 2DE had LV thrombi and questioned these patients to see if
      clinical embolization had occurred in the 8.9 +/- 6.1 month (+/- SD) average
      follow-up period. Eight patients, four with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and
      four with dilated LV and decreased LV systolic wall motion, had clinically
      apparent leg or brain emboli, whereas the remaining patients did not. Emboli
      occurred within a week of obtaining the 2DE in question. The variables considered
      were the age of the patient, the type of heart disease present, warfarin
      administration, exercise tolerance, standard M-mode measurements, LV dyssynergy
      by 2DE, clot size and mobility, and gray scale statistics which include run
      length, Sobel edge points followed by 50% gradient thresholding, gray level
      second-order statistics, offset 1 and gray level difference statistics, offset 1.
      The values of the variables were then entered into an expert system (Expert Ease)
      in order to achieve classification of patients into emboli versus no emboli
      groups, while using a minimal number of variables. The only variables that were
      needed included run length, long runs emphasis, gray level difference statistics
      (entropy, contrast, mean, and angular second moment), gray level second-order
      statistics (contrast), and warfarin status. When probability statistics were
      applied to this schema, its accuracy was predicted to be at least 96%.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4050648
TI  - A reconsideration of Doppler assessed gradients in suspected aortic stenosis.
AB  - To further define the clinical role of continuous wave Doppler echocardiography
      for determining aortic valve gradient, we studied 60 consecutive adult patients
      (age range 22 to 81 years, mean age 63) with suspected aortic stenosis within 24
      hours of catheterization. Blind comparisons of Doppler peak and mean gradients by
      the simplified Bernoulli equation were made with catheterization peak-to-peak (r
      = 0.84), peak (r = 0.87) and mean (r = 0.84) gradients in a double-blind fashion.
      Despite these favorable correlations, Doppler peak gradient generally
      overestimated catheterization peak-to-peak gradient (1 to 53 mm Hg), making it
      impractical for clinical use. Doppler-catheterization correlations of peak and
      mean gradients were more favorable, with the least scatter noticed for mean
      gradient. The results of analysis of pooled data indicated that mean gradient may
      also be most specific for differentiating severe from less severe aortic
      stenosis. In this consecutive series where a full range of catheterization
      gradients was encountered, seven patients with predicted Doppler gradients were
      found to have none, which is best explained by the use of the simplified
      Bernoulli equation in patients with aortic insufficiency. These data indicate
      that prudence should be maintained when Doppler gradients alone are used for the
      assessment of aortic stenosis.

PMID- 4050649
TI  - The clinical electrophysiology of intravenous indecainide.
AB  - The electrophysiologic effects of indecainide, a new class IC antiarrhythmic
      agent, were assessed in 10 patients with left ventricular dysfunction and
      inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia. Indecainide was administered
      intravenously in a dose of 60 to 90 mg/kg at a rate of 12.5 to 15
      micrograms/kg/min. Indecainide had no effect on sinus node function or atrial and
      ventricular effective refractory periods. The AH (106 +/- 13 vs 130 +/- 24 msec,
      p less than 0.002) and HV (57 +/- 7 vs 73 +/- 19 msec, p less than 0.001)
      intervals were significantly increased. The QRS duration increased (102 +/- 9 vs
      120 +/- 13 msec, p less than 0.001); however, the JT duration did not change.
      Induction of ventricular tachycardia was prevented in 1 of 10 patients. In the
      remaining nine patients, the ventricular tachycardia cycle length was
      significantly prolonged (248 +/- 47 vs 320 +/- 71 msec, p less than 0.001).
      Indecainide significantly depressed intracardiac conduction at several sites.

PMID- 4050650
TI  - Magnesium and potassium therapy in multifocal atrial tachycardia.
AB  - Eight patients with multifocal atrial tachycardia received 7 to 12 gm of
      magnesium sulfate intravenously over a 5-hour period. Potassium supplements were
      given initially or added later. Initial arterial blood gases showed mean pH 7.48
      +/- 0.03, PcO2 39.7 torr, PO2 72 torr, HCO-3 29.8 +/- 4.5 mEq/L, and base excess
      6.84 +/- 3.78 mEq/L. Initial serum magnesium correlated well with initial serum
      potassium. Three patients had subnormal levels of magnesium and potassium. The
      level of serum magnesium rose with an intravenous injection magnesium and serum
      potassium levels tended to fall unless they were supplanted with potassium. There
      were seven patients who retained more than 20 mEq of the infused magnesium.
      Multifocal atrial tachycardia was successfully converted to sinus rhythm or sinus
      tachycardia in seven patients. Multifocal atrial rhythm (at slow rate) persisted
      in one patient. Two patients with falling serum potassium levels required
      potassium supplements. Results of this study confirm that patients with
      multifocal atrial tachycardia respond favorably to parenteral magnesium and
      potassium. We believe that serum magnesium administered together with serum
      potassium stabilizes the ionic balance of atrial cells and thus prevents
      spontaneous ectopy.

PMID- 4050651
TI  - Propafenone therapy for ventricular tachycardia in the setting of congestive
      heart failure.
AB  - The combined occurrence of impaired left ventricular function and ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias portend a high annual mortality. Although antiarrhythmic drugs
      can reduce ventricular arrhythmias, the prognosis may be unchanged. We
      administered propafenone to 12 patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias and
      left ventricular ejection fractions less than 40%. Propafenone significantly
      reduced isolated ventricular premature depolarizations, couplets, and ventricular
      tachycardia on ambulatory monitoring. Propafenone eliminated all exercise
      provocable ventricular tachycardia. Propafenone additionally abolished
      ventricular tachycardia inducible by programmed stimulation in five of six
      patients. In eight patients studied before and during therapy, there was no
      significant change in left ventricular ejection fraction determined by nuclear
      ventriculography. Propafenone was discontinued in three patients due to side
      effects. All patients remain alive and without recurrence of clinically
      significant arrhythmia over a mean follow-up period of 14 months. Propafenone is
      an effective drug for the management of ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and may be
      used in patients with impaired left ventricular function.

PMID- 4050652
TI  - Milrinone in congestive heart failure: observations on ambulatory ventricular
      arrhythmias.
AB  - Milrinone is a potent non-catecholamine, non-glycoside inotropic agent that can
      improve hemodynamic performance and functional capacity in patients with severe
      congestive heart failure. However, the potential effect of chronic inotropic
      stimulation on ventricular arrhythmias in patients with heart failure requires
      evaluation. We compared 24-hour ambulatory ECGs before and 2 to 4 weeks after
      initiation of chronic milrinone therapy in 20 patients with severe congestive
      heart failure (mean cardiac index 1.79 +/- 0.43 L/min/m2). A greater than tenfold
      increase in simple ventricular premature complex (VPC) density, a greater than
      tenfold increase in complex VPC form density, or an increase from 0 to greater
      than 5 episodes per 24 hours of any complex VPC form occurred in 35% (7 of 20) of
      patients. A greater than tenfold reduction in simple VPC density was noted in 5%
      (1 of 20), while 60% (12 of 20) of the study group had no significant change in
      ventricular arrhythmia profile on milrinone. The hemodynamic and functional
      response to milrinone, as well as entry hemodynamic profiles, were unrelated to
      the change in frequency or complexity of ventricular arrhythmias during therapy.
      Thus, milrinone therapy in congestive heart failure may be associated with the
      development of VPC complexity and with a significantly increased density of
      complex VPC forms.

PMID- 4050653
TI  - Pulmonary versus systemic hemodynamics in determining exercise capacity of
      patients with chronic left ventricular failure.
AB  - Right, but not left ventricular ejection fraction correlates with exercise
      capacity in patients with left ventricular failure, suggesting an important role
      of the pulmonary circulation. Hemodynamics were measured at rest and during
      bicycle exercise to symptomatic maximum in 41 patients with chronic left
      ventricular failure. Maximal oxygen consumption averaged only 12.8 +/- 5.2
      ml/min/kg. Pulmonary wedge pressure rose from 21.9 +/- 8.2 to 35.9 +/- 9.3 mm Hg
      during exercise, while pulmonary arterial mean pressure rose from 31.8 +/- 10.9
      to 50.4 +/- 12.9 mm Hg (both p less than 0.0001). Resting cardiac index and
      resting systemic arterial mean pressure did not correlate with maximal oxygen
      consumption (r = 0.23 and 0.20, respectively), which, however, did correlate with
      pulmonary wedge pressure (r = -0.54, p less than 0.001), pulmonary arterial mean
      pressure (r = -0.49, p less than 0.01), and total pulmonary resistance (r = 
      0.43, p less than 0.01). Maximal oxygen consumption did not correlate with
      resting systemic vascular resistance (r = -0.20) or resting pulmonary vascular
      resistance (r = -0.26). During exercise, total pulmonary resistance remained
      unchanged at 6.5 +/- 3.8 U while systemic vascular resistance fell significantly.
      The relation between total pulmonary resistance and exercise capacity and the
      failure of total pulmonary resistance to fall during exercise suggest that
      afterload on the right ventricle may be an important determinant of exercise
      capacity in patients with chronic left ventricular failure.

PMID- 4050654
TI  - Experience with outlet strut fracture of the Bjork-Shiley convexoconcave mitral
      valve prosthesis.
AB  - Within a period of 15 months, we encountered five patients with outlet strut
      fracture of the Bjork-Shiley convexoconcave mitral valve prosthesis. All of the
      patients had acute failure of the left side of the heart and pulmonary edema. The
      diagnosis was made by review of the chest roentgenogram which showed features of
      pulmonary edema; both the outlet strut and the tilting disc were missing from the
      mitral prosthesis. The "missing" components might be found in the left side of
      the heart or in the course of the thoracic aorta. Emergency reoperation was
      carried out on three patients, and there were two survivors. It is essential to
      recognize this potentially fatal complication and undertake immediate surgical
      intervention. We performed the original valvular replacement operations in four
      of the five patients. The probability of outlet strut fracture occurring in our
      series of 237 patients with a Bjork-Shiley convexoconcave mitral valve prosthesis
      is 1.69%, or 0.076 per 100 patient months.

PMID- 4050655
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiographic determinants of interventricular septal
      configurations in right or left ventricular overload.
AB  - Configurations of interventricular septum (IVS) and left ventricle were evaluated
      in 60 normal subjects and in 68 patients with congenital heart disease using two
      dimensional short axis cross-sectional echocardiography (2DE). Patients were
      divided into four groups; right ventricular (RV) pressure overload (n = 21), RV
      volume overload (n = 12), left ventricular (LV) pressure overload (n = 10), and
      LV volume overload (n = 25). The radii of curvature of the IVS (IVSr) and LV free
      wall (FWr) were calculated in end systole and end diastole. Measured IVSr was
      normalized by dividing IVSr by FWr (IVSr/FWr). End-systolic flattening of IVS was
      a specific finding in patients with RV pressure overload, since this pattern was
      not observed in other hemodynamic groups. Echocardiographic determinants of
      IVSr/FWr in end systole correlated well with RV peak systolic pressure/LV peak
      systolic pressure ratio (r = 0.878). There was also correlation between IVSr/FWr
      in end diastole and RV end-diastolic pressure/LV end-diastolic pressure ratio (r
      = 0.579). Thus, the evaluation of IVS configuration is a useful 2DE method of
      estimating relative RV systolic pressure in infants and children with congenital
      heart disease.

PMID- 4050656
TI  - Spontaneous echographic contrast in the inferior vena cava.
AB  - The inferior vena cava was examined for spontaneous contrast by two-dimensional
      echocardiography in 106 consecutive patients. Images of the inferior vena cava in
      six patients were inadequate and were excluded from further analysis. The study
      population included 100 patients, 41 men and 59 women. Twenty-three patients had
      an intravenous line or heparin lock in place at the time of the echocardiographic
      examination. Ten patients had definite contrast in the inferior vena cava, seven
      had equivocal contrast, and 83 had no contrast. The three groups did not differ
      significantly with respect to sex distribution, age, associated diagnoses, or
      inferior vena cava dimension. We concluded that spontaneous inferior vena cava
      contrast is commonly seen in adults, both normal subjects and patients with
      various types of heart disease. There was no specific category of heart disease
      that predominated in patients with spontaneous inferior vena cava contrast.
      Although it may be associated with impairment to filling of the right side of the
      heart and may resolve when normal right heart hemodynamics are restored,
      spontaneous inferior vena cava contrast is usually a finding with little clinical
      import. Several possible etiologic factors include microbubbles and aggregates of
      formed blood elements. Spontaneous inferior vena cava contrast is seen more
      frequently with a higher frequency imaging system.

PMID- 4050657
TI  - Decrease in the ability to detect elevated lung thallium due to delay in
      commencing imaging after exercise.
AB  - Post-exercise elevation of the lung/myocardial thallium ratio and a high lung
      clearance rate between initial and delayed images have been reported to be
      markers for exercise-induced left ventricular (LV) dysfunction associated with
      coronary artery disease (CAD). We performed thallium exercise tests on 60
      patients, 42 with CAD, in order to determine the effect of delaying initial
      imaging on detection of elevated lung thallium. In addition to images obtained at
      2 minutes and at 2 hours after exercise, 18-minute images were also obtained to
      simulate such a delay. Because of rapid isotope clearance in those with initially
      elevated lung activity, there was decreased sensitivity of both the initial
      lung/myocardial ratio and lung thallium clearance for detecting CAD, using the 18
      minute image as the initial post exercise study. We conclude that initial imaging
      should be done in the anterior view early after exercise to optimize detection of
      elevated lung thallium.

PMID- 4050658
TI  - Assessment of left ventricular diastolic filling: comparison of fixed and varying
      region of interest approaches.
AB  - Abnormalities in scintigraphic measurements of diastolic filling were assessed
      with respect to detection, reproducibility and sensitivity by means of fixed and
      varying left ventricular region-of-interest (ROI) approaches. Equilibrium blood
      pool scintigraphy was carried out in 11 control subjects, 15 patients with
      coronary artery disease (CAD), and 13 patients with hypertension. Results of
      these studies were analyzed for ejection fraction (EF), peak filling rate (PFR),
      time to PFR (TPFR), and filling fraction in the first third of diastole corrected
      for cycle length (FF1/3). With the fixed ROI technique, patients with CAD
      differed from the control subjects because they had lower EF (p less than 0.05),
      PFR (p less than 0.001), and FF1/3 (p less than 0.05) levels; patients with
      hypertension showed only a reduced FF1/3 (p less than 0.01). When the varying ROI
      method was employed, patients with CAD differed from normal subjects in their PFR
      (p less than 0.05) results; patients with hypertension and normal subjects
      differed in their FF1/3 (p less than 0.001) results. Although the ability to
      discriminate between patients and normal subjects was similar with the two
      techniques, interobserver variability was smaller and single observer
      reproducibility was greater with the fixed ROI method. We conclude that the fixed
      and varying ROI techniques are comparable in detecting diastolic filling
      abnormalities but that the fixed ROI method is superior in reducing measurement
      variability and may be the preferable method for analyzing serial studies and the
      response to therapeutic interventions.

PMID- 4050659
TI  - Sudden appearance of a right atrial thrombus on two-dimensional echocardiogram:
      significance and therapeutic implications.

PMID- 4050660
TI  - Pulmonary tumor embolism and right atrial myxoma detected by two-dimensional
      echocardiography.

PMID- 4050661
TI  - Metastatic carcinoma involving the left atrium.

PMID- 4050662
TI  - Pseudo tricuspid regurgitation in ventricular pacing.

PMID- 4050663
TI  - Low-dose streptokinase therapy for Swan-Ganz catheter-induced thrombosis.

PMID- 4050664
TI  - Collateral circulation to two different coronary vascular beds by a right
      superior septal perforator coronary artery in a patient with ventricular
      tachycardia.

PMID- 4050665
TI  - Ascending aortic dissection: detection by MRI.

PMID- 4050666
TI  - Significance of inspiratory premature opening of pulmonic valve in constrictive
      pericarditis.

PMID- 4050667
TI  - Late strut fracture and disc embolization in a 27 mm Bjork-Shiley mitral valve
      prosthesis.

PMID- 4050668
TI  - Maternal mitral valve prolapse and congenital heart disease in the offspring.

PMID- 4050669
TI  - How the university cardiologist treats ventricular premature beats: a nationwide
      survey of 65 University Medical Centers.
AB  - Sixty-five of 118 university cardiologists responded to a survey of indications
      for treatment of ventricular ectopy, particularly in the completely asymptomatic
      patient or those with palpitations as the only symptom. The percentage of
      cardiologists treating these patients increased as the complexity of ventricular
      ectopy increased, as the severity of underlying heart disease increased, as the
      symptoms increased from completely asymptomatic to palpitations or skipped beats,
      if the patient experienced dizziness or syncope, and if the patient had complex
      VPBs or asymptomatic VT after MI. Ninety-eight percent of respondents had
      patients who experienced exacerbation of arrhythmia with antiarrhythmic drugs. Of
      the conventional type 1 drugs, the drug of first choice was quinidine for 60%,
      procainamide for 37%, and disopyramide for 3%. The accepted indications for
      electrophysiologic testing included survivors of sudden cardiac arrest and
      patients with symptomatic VT.

PMID- 4050670
TI  - Prescription contraceptives: countering the risks.

PMID- 4050671
TI  - Nonprescription contraceptives: increasing in popularity.

PMID- 4050672
TI  - Counseling on contraceptives: an unfilled need.

PMID- 4050673
TI  - Computers in home health care: present and future impact.

PMID- 4050674
TI  - The Orphan Drug Act: how well is it working?

PMID- 4050675
TI  - Specific gravity adjustment for urinary analysis of delta-aminolevulinic acid.

PMID- 4050676
TI  - Respiratory evaluation for carbon setters with beards.

PMID- 4050677
TI  - Efficacy of the helmet respirator in occupational asthma due to laboratory animal
      allergy (LAA).
AB  - The efficacy of the Racal Airstream helmet respirator in preventing symptoms due
      to Laboratory Animal Allergy (LAA) was assessed in ten patients. Eight of these
      were established cases of asthma and two had severe rhinitis. Peak expiratory
      flow rate (PEFR) readings, recorded every two hours, were kept for seven weeks
      (six in exposure), together with a diary of subjective symptoms. Objective
      evidence of good protection was obtained in six out of the eight asthmatic
      patients; overt asthma was seen in the other two. The helmet respirator would
      appear to be a valuable adjunct in the management of occupational asthma in those
      who opt to remain in exposure. Those asthmatics who use a helmet respirator need
      to be monitored carefully and regularly to ensure that their respiratory function
      has not deteriorated. Persons with severe local symptoms of rhinitis and
      conjunctivitis also benefit subjectively from the use of the helmet although
      symptoms are not completely suppressed nor may progression towards asthma be
      prevented. The findings may well be applicable to the management of other types
      of occupational asthma but any inferences should be drawn with caution.

PMID- 4050678
TI  - Release of arsenic from semiconductor wafers.
AB  - The production of integrated circuits and other semiconductor devices requires
      the introduction of impurities or dopants into the crystal lattice of a silicon
      substrate. This "doping" or junction formation is achieved through one of two
      processes: thermal diffusion or ion implantation. Ion implantation, the more
      contemporary and more accurate of the two processes, accomplishes junction
      formation by bombarding selected areas of the silicon wafer with a beam of dopant
      ions. Inorganic arsenic, which is regulated by the Occupational Health and Safety
      Administration (OSHA) as a carcinogen, is frequently used as dopant material.
      Silicon wafers are found to emit inorganic arsenic following ion implantation.
      Data collected during this experiment demonstrate that arsenic is released over a
      3.5-hour period following implantation and that the total amount of arsenic
      emitted may approach 6.0 micrograms per 100 wafers processed within 4 hours after
      implantation. The discovery and quantification of this phenomenon suggest that
      newly implanted silicon wafers are a potential source of arsenic contamination--a
      source that may impact both the quality of the work environment and the
      integrated circuit product.

PMID- 4050679
TI  - Statistical methods for describing occupational exposure measurements.
AB  - An important step in studies relating worker health to industrial exposure is the
      estimation of mean exposure levels. The investigator frequently has to rely on
      industrial hygiene measurements collected for other purposes. Samples may have
      been taken at several companies on different dates, and on each occasion multiple
      individual samplers may have been employed. Often it is not recognized that
      readings from such a hierarchical arrangement are correlated; for example,
      samples taken at the same time and location are more alike than samples taken on
      different days. This correlation invalidates the commonly used standard errors of
      sample means and the usual sample standard deviation. A component of variance
      analysis is suggested which quantifies within-day, between-day and between
      company variation. Estimators of mean exposure are presented with correct
      standard errors. The techniques are illustrated by a small set of data and by a
      recent study of exposures to styrene in 36 companies manufacturing reinforced
      plastics.

PMID- 4050680
TI  - Occupational styrene exposure for twelve product categories in the reinforced
      plastics industry.
AB  - Approximately 1500 occupational styrene exposure values from 28 reinforced
      plastic manufacturers were collected retrospectively from companies and state and
      federal agencies. This report describes the major types of manufacturing
      processes within the reinforced-plastics industry and reports on the
      availability, collection and analysis of historical exposure information. Average
      exposure to styrene in most open-mold companies (24-82 ppm) was generally 2-3
      times the exposure in press-mold companies (11-26 ppm). Manufacturers of smaller
      boats had mean styrene exposures of 82 ppm as compared to 37 ppm for yacht
      companies. There was considerable overlap in styrene exposure among job titles
      classified as directly exposed within open- and press-mold processing.

PMID- 4050681
TI  - Dose-response toxicity studies on tributoxyethyl phosphate orally administered to
      Sprague-Dawley rats.
AB  - The response of the peripheral nervous system to various dose levels of
      tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBOP) was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Groups
      of randomized female and male rats (10 rats/gender/dose level) were administered
      a single oral dose of TBOP (1.0 to 3.2 g/kg for females; 1.0 to 9.0 g/kg for
      males). Physiological parameters were measured in surviving rats three weeks
      following TBOP administration. A significant reduction (p less than 0.05) in
      caudal nerve conduction velocity (NCV) was observed in both female and male rats.
      Light and electron microscopic examination of sciatic nerve sections showed
      degenerative changes in both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers of female (2.0
      g/kg) and male (6.8 g/kg) groups. Advanced degeneration was observed only in the
      highest dose level of both genders (3.2 g/kg for females; 8.0 and 9.0 g/kg for
      males). Although similar morphological changes were observed in both genders,
      females were more susceptible than males to the toxic effects of this compound.

PMID- 4050682
TI  - Use of a jet mill for dispersing dry powder for inhalation studies.
AB  - Compressed air-powered jet mills are used in the chemical and food industries for
      grinding and classifying powders. We adapted one type of these fluid energy mills
      as a powder generator for inhalation experiments. The generating system included
      a jet mill and a screw feeder, the jet mill consisting of an elongated channel, a
      feeding jet to deliver the material into the channel, and two high-speed air
      jets. High speed air circulating in the channel created turbulence and
      centrifugal forces to disperse powder. The jet mill used can be operated from 25
      to 100 psig at flow rates of 300 to 900 L/min. Two test materials--a solvent
      yellow dye and a dye mixture of solvent green and solvent yellow--were used. Both
      dyes were soft and sticky and could not be dispersed with several other powder
      generators tested at the concentrations required for toxicity studies. Aerosol
      concentrations ranging from 10 to 1500 mg/m3 at a flow rate of 400 L/min were
      obtained by adjusting the feed rate to the jet mill. Stability of aerosol
      concentration during six-hour continuous generation was 15 to 20%. Comparisons of
      several generators for producing sticky organic powders are also discussed.

PMID- 4050683
TI  - Use of three-dimensional solubility parameter to predict glove permeation.
AB  - This paper describes the permeation process as related to protective clothing
      materials and some new applications of physical-chemical tools which may help to
      furnish the industrial hygienist with some predictive techniques. Values for the
      three-dimensional solubility parameter (3-DSP) for ten polymers are reported, and
      new developments regarding this parameter and its relation to glove selection are
      discussed. Limitation of the use of 3-DSP and future attempts to resolve the
      problem of proper protective clothing selection are also discussed.

PMID- 4050684
TI  - Reduced tolerance for heat stress environments caused by protective lotions.
AB  - There have been complaints of excessive heat after applying skin protective
      lotions. The purpose of this study was to determine if oil-base or alcohol-base
      protective lotions interfere with the body's cooling mechanisms during moderate
      work in heat stress conditions, and if so, then to identify the mechanisms. This
      was accomplished by evaluating the effect of lotions on thermoregulation as
      measured by rectal temperatures, local sweat rates, and total water losses during
      exercise at elevated temperatures. In comparison to the control, after about
      thirty minutes, the skin lotion tests resulted in a more hyperthermic condition,
      as measured by rectal temperatures.

PMID- 4050685
TI  - Investigation of volatile nitrosamines in disposable protective gloves.
AB  - Laboratory personnel of Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA, are required to
      wear disposable latex or vinyl gloves for certain analyses involving
      nitrosamines. In order to assess possible exposure of the wearers of these
      gloves, a limited survey was carried out on the volatile nitrosamine content in
      disposable protective gloves. Six latex gloves, nonsterile and sterile, surgical
      and nonsurgical, from four companies, and four vinyl gloves from three companies
      were analyzed. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) were
      the primary nitrosamines detected. Five of the six latex gloves contained 37-329
      ppb NDMA and 115-1879 ppb NPIP, all confirmed by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry (GC-MS); one glove contained no detectable trace of NDMA or NPIP. Of
      the four vinyl gloves, one contained 19 ppb NDMA and 759 ppb NPIP, both confirmed
      by GC-MS, one contained 6 ppb apparent NDMA and no detectable level of NPIP, and
      the remaining two contained no detectable levels of NDMA and NPIP.

PMID- 4050686
TI  - The 1984 Henry F. Smyth Jr. lecture. When one plus zero is more than one.

PMID- 4050687
TI  - A critical review of time-weighted average as an index of exposure and dose, and
      of its key elements.
AB  - Time-weighted average (TWA) is widely used in research and practice, in
      occupational health, as an index of exposure and dose. Its key element, CT, where
      C is concentration of contaminant and T is duration of contamination, is
      recognizable as Haber's rule. Neither TWA nor similar measurements have been
      scientifically validated, and it does not seem appropriately named. In the late
      1940s and early 1950s, cautions were expressed about the scientific validity of
      TWA, but the specific scientific study of it did not begin until 1981. In the
      interim, the cautions appear to have been largely ignored. In 1985, TWA cannot be
      said to be scientifically valid. Uses of it often confuse dose and exposure, and
      take insufficient account of time as a factor. Validation of TWA may well be too
      complicated a scientific problem for occupational epidemiology. TWA need not be
      rejected for regulatory or all practical purposes, but its key element ought to
      be better understood, and all applications which presume its scientific validity
      need to be reviewed.

PMID- 4050688
TI  - An association between Raynaud's phenomenon and hearing loss in forestry workers.
AB  - Forestry workers using chain saws run the risk of both vibration disease and
      noise-induced hearing loss. It was reported that people with Raynaud's phenomenon
      of occupational origin had more severe hearing loss than those without it. A
      possibility of confounding due to age and duration of noise exposure from the
      tools remained unsolved, however. A matched pair case-control study was conducted
      to eliminate such confounding. Forestry workers operating chain saws, bush
      cleaners and/or winches were investigated. For 37 men with Raynaud's phenomenon a
      control was chosen from those unaffected whose age and operating hours for the
      tools were almost equal to those of the cases. Good matching was achieved for age
      and for total hours of work with the tools. The cases had higher median hearing
      threshold than the controls at every frequency. The difference was significant (p
      less than 0.05) at 4 and 8 kHz and almost significant at 2 kHz (p not equal to
      0.06). According to our classification of the audiogram, the cases had more
      advanced types of noise-induced hearing loss than did the controls. Thus, an
      association between Raynaud's phenomenon and hearing impairment in forestry
      workers handling chain saws and/or other tools was found to persist even after
      the effect of age and exposure time was eliminated.

PMID- 4050689
TI  - Particle bounce in a personal cascade impactor: a field evaluation.
AB  - The collection characteristics of five types of substrates (collection surfaces)
      used in personal cascade impactors were evaluated for particle bounce in the
      laboratory with lead dioxide dust, and in the field with brass pouring fume and
      brass grinding dust. The substrates tested were uncoated stainless steel, silicon
      grease-coated stainless steel, oil-saturated Millipore membrane filter, oil
      saturated Teflon membrane filter and oil-saturated sintered stainless steel. The
      use of coated and uncoated stainless steel plates to collect lead dioxide dust
      produced no difference in measured mass median diameter (MMD); however, with
      brass grinding dust, there was a 50% decrease in measured MMD when uncoated
      stainless steel substrates were used, as compared with coated stainless steel
      substrates. Oil-saturated Millipore membrane surfaces gave consistently lower
      MMDs than coated stainless steel surfaces. Coated and uncoated stainless steel
      gave similar MMDs when used to sample brass pouring fume. Oil-saturated Teflon
      membrane and oil-saturated sintered metal, surfaces for which the collection
      efficiency is presumed to be independent of the particle loading, gave MMDs
      similar to those measured for grease-coated stainless steel. The implications of
      these comparisons are discussed. It is concluded that bounce characteristics are
      strongly dependent on aerosol material and the suitability of collection surfaces
      needs to be determined by field evaluation.

PMID- 4050690
TI  - Simultaneous computer mapping to facilitate intraoperative localization of
      accessory pathways in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
AB  - Sixteen patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome underwent simultaneous
      intraoperative computer mapping from multiple sites before surgical division of
      the accessory pathways. A 16-bipolar electrode band was positioned around the
      atrioventricular groove. Ventricular epicardial electrograms from single beats
      were recorded simultaneously during atrial pacing, resulting in maximal
      preexcitation, and atrial electrograms were recorded during orthodromic
      supraventricular tachycardia. Four-level transmural plunge needle electrodes were
      used concomitantly in 3 patients. Electrograms were processed separately using a
      guarded signal conditioner that isolates, amplifies, filters and analog-to
      digitally converts synchronously at 2 kHz with 12-bit accuracy. Digital data were
      transmitted by fiber optics to a high-density digital recorder and processed with
      a computer having rapid interactive graphics. Results in the 16 patients revealed
      20 distinct Kent bundles. Two patients had only nonsustained supraventricular
      tachycardia induced intraoperatively and 1 patient manifested intermittent
      anterograde ventricular preexcitation. Multiple pathways were identified in 4
      patients. This simultaneous multiple electrode mapping procedure facilitates
      intraoperative mapping by requiring only a single beat for analysis of
      anterograde and retrograde activation times, decreases cardiac manipulation
      during mapping and obviates the need for cardiopulmonary bypass, and permits
      analysis of transmural activation patterns. This approach decreases markedly the
      time required for mapping and permits accurate study of nonsustained arrhythmias
      as well as rapid identification of multiple accessory pathways.

PMID- 4050691
TI  - Prospective comparison of Holter monitoring and electrophysiologic study in
      patients with coronary artery disease and sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
AB  - Baseline 24-hour Holter monitoring (HM) and electrophysiologic study (EPS) were
      compared in 43 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease who had
      sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias to determine the fraction of patients in
      whom each could be performed and the fraction in whom each could be used to guide
      therapy. Patients were excluded from HM if sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT)
      requiring termination occurred and from EPS if heart failure was sufficiently
      severe to cause excessive risk. More patients completed EPS than HM (90% vs 71%),
      but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.12). Overall, HM
      detected arrhythmias suitable for antiarrhythmic drug assessment in 50% of
      patients: 30 or more ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) per hour in 50%, 10
      or more VPC pairs in 44%, 5 or more runs in 19%, and 10 or more pairs and runs in
      44%. Sustained monomorphic VT suitable for electropharmacologic testing was
      induced at EPS in 82% (p = 0.003 vs HM). Drug efficacy could be assessed in 70%
      of patients evaluated by HM, compared with 96% evaluated by EPS (p = 0.02). Thus,
      in consecutive coronary patients with sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias, EPS
      could be used to guide therapy more frequently than HM.

PMID- 4050692
TI  - Ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings at the time of fatal cardiac arrest.
AB  - The relation between arrhythmias at cardiac arrest and the outcome of arrest is
      poorly understood. The Holter monitor tracings of 13 patients were reviewed after
      they sustained an in-hospital cardiac arrest during ambulatory
      electrocardiographic monitoring. All had a prior cardiac arrest or cardiac
      syncope. Twelve patients had ventricular tachycardia (VT) as their initial arrest
      arrhythmia and 1 patient had bradycardia followed by ventricular fibrillation
      (VF). VT degenerated to VF in 10 of 12 patients after a mean interval of 96 +/-
      31 seconds (+/- standard error of the mean). The number of VT runs increased
      significantly during the hour immediately preceding arrest (p = 0.004). Despite
      prompt resuscitation efforts in 12 patients, only 6 survived. The 6 survivors and
      6 nonsurvivors were not different with regard to age, ejection fraction, extent
      of coronary artery narrowing and time to first defibrillation. However,
      degeneration to VF within 30 seconds of arrest (5 of 6 nonsurvivors and 1 of 6
      survivors, p = 0.04) and a slower rate of VT at the onset of arrest (166
      beats/min in nonsurvivors and 227 beats/min in survivors, p = 0.02) were
      associated with unsuccessful resuscitation.

PMID- 4050693
TI  - Usefulness of programmed stimulation in predicting efficacy of propafenone in
      long-term antiarrhythmic therapy for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.
AB  - The electrophysiologic effects of intravenous (i.v.) and oral propafenone were
      evaluated in 14 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and in 10 patients
      with atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia. The effective refractory
      periods of the right atrium and the AV node increased after both preparations. In
      patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, i.v. propafenone blocked
      anterograde accessory pathway conduction in 2 patients and retrograde conduction
      in 1; during oral therapy, accessory pathway conduction block occurred in 2
      additional patients. The mean cycle length of the supraventricular tachycardia
      (SVT) increased from 338 +/- 60 ms to 387 +/- 56 ms (p less than 0.05) after i.v.
      application, and from 336 +/- 65 ms to 367 +/- 65 ms (p less than 0.05) during
      oral propafenone. The shortest pacing interval maintaining a 1:1 AV conduction
      increased from 325 +/- 65 ms to 368 +/- 81 ms (p less than 0.05) after i.v.
      infusion, and from 333 +/- 57 ms to 369 +/- 75 ms (p less than 0.05) during oral
      therapy. There was no difference in the electrophysiologic effects between i.v.
      and oral propafenone. The induction of SVT was prevented by i.v. propafenone in
      10 of 20 patients and in 4 additional patients with oral propafenone. During
      follow-up, 6 of 7 patients, whose SVT could not be initiated by
      electrophysiologic drug testing, remained free from recurrences, whereas 5 of 7
      patients with inducible tachycardia had recurrences of SVT. Thus, in patients
      with SVT, propafenone prolonged accessory pathway and AV nodal conduction and had
      a beneficial effect on circus movement tachycardia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4050694
TI  - Electrophysiologic mechanisms of provoked atrial flutter in mitral valve prolapse
      syndrome.
AB  - To examine the electrophysiologic determinants of provoked atrial flutter (AF) in
      patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP), studies were performed in 4 groups of
      patients: group 1 (n = 5), patients with MVP and AF; group 2 (n = 6), patients
      without MVP but with AF; group 3 (n = 6), patients with MVP but without AF; and
      group 4 (n = 5), patients without MVP and without AF. P-wave duration,
      intraatrial conduction, interatrial conduction and effective refractory periods
      for both the high right atrium and the low right atrium were longer in group 2
      than in group 1. The effective refractory period of the low right atrium was
      longer in group 3 than in group 1. The interatrial conduction interval was longer
      in group 2 than in group 4. Thus, in patients without MVP, atrial conduction
      delay is the predominant determinant of AF, whereas differences in right atrial
      refractoriness appear to be most important to the provocation of AF in the
      patient with MVP. These differences in atrial refractoriness may be a result of
      abnormal autonomic influences in patients with MVP.

PMID- 4050695
TI  - Prognostic significance of exercise-induced left ventricular dysfunction in
      chronic aortic regurgitation.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with hemodynamically significant aortic regurgitation (AR)
      underwent gated equilibrium radionuclide angiography to assess rest and exercise
      left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) before and after aortic valve
      replacement. Preoperatively, LVEF decreased from 54 +/- 3% at rest to 45 +/- 3%
      during exercise (p less than 0.001). Two patients died at operation.
      Postoperatively, after 5.7 +/- 1.6 months, LVEF was 62 +/- 5% at rest and 60 +/-
      4% during exercise (difference not significant). Exercise LVEF improved
      significantly postoperatively (p less than 0.01). The patients were followed for
      a mean of 30 months (range 1 to 56), after valve replacement and during this
      period, 13 patients were in functional class I, 5 patients were in class II and 2
      patients were in class III. One late death occurred and was unrelated to
      myocardial failure. Thus, in most patients with AR, exercise LVEF improves after
      aortic valve replacement. A preoperative decrease in LVEF during exercise in
      patients with significant AR does not predict a poor postoperative outcome.

PMID- 4050696
TI  - Clinical and echocardiographic observations in pulmonary valve endocarditis.
AB  - Clinical and echocardiographic data from 12 patients with pulmonary valve
      endocarditis are described. Seven patients had isolated pulmonary endocarditis
      and in 5 patients other valves were infected (aortic, tricuspid, mitral or all
      3). Two patients were heroin addicts and 4 had underlying heart disease
      (congenital heart disease in 3 and aortic regurgitation in 1 patient). The
      organisms involved were alpha streptococci in 3 patients (all with underlying
      heart disease), Staphylococcus aureus in 4, Streptococcus D bovis in 1 patient
      and Candida guillermondii in 1. M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiography was
      performed in 10 patients and revealed vegetations in 8. Pulsed Doppler
      echocardiography was performed in 6 patients and revealed pulmonary regurgitation
      in all 6. Seven patients had pulmonary emboli. Four patients underwent surgery.
      Four patients died, including 1 after cardiac surgery. Five patients, including
      the patient infected with Candida guillermondii, recovered with antibiotic
      treatment.

PMID- 4050697
TI  - Echocardiographic and Doppler flow observations in obstructed and nonobstructed
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Some investigators have suggested that left ventricular (LV) ejection is
      completed much earlier than normal in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
      (HC), whether or not a LV outflow gradient is present, and they have therefore
      concluded that LV ejection is not impeded in HC, but merely ends early because of
      early completion of LV emptying. This possibility was examined using pulsed
      Doppler echocardiography to record ascending aortic flow velocity patterns in 20
      patients with HC, 12 with evidence of LV outflow gradient at rest (obstructed HC)
      and 8 without evidence of a significant resting gradient (nonobstructed HC). Peak
      aortic flow velocity was similar in patients with nonobstructed HC (92 +/- 26
      cm/s) and those with obstructed HC (94 +/- 26 cm/s) and in 20 normal subjects (92
      +/- 11 cm/s). However, mean ejection time measured from the aortic flow velocity
      tracing or aortic echogram was longer in those with obstructed HC (345 +/- 30 ms)
      than in those with nonobstructed HC (296 +/- 24 ms, p less than 0.02) and in
      normal subjects (294 +/- 19 ms, p less than 0.01). Furthermore, a rapid decrease
      in aortic flow velocity in midsystole was seen in 11 of 12 patients with
      obstructed HC, but in none of the patients with nonobstructed HC or normal
      subjects. Doppler left atrial flow velocity recordings, obtained in 11 patients,
      demonstrated mitral regurgitation in 4 of 5 patients with obstructed HC but in
      none of 6 patients with nonobstructed HC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4050698
TI  - Primary acute pericardial disease: a prospective series of 231 consecutive
      patients.
AB  - A series of 231 patients with "primary" acute pericardial disease (acute
      pericarditis or tamponade presenting without an apparent cause) were studied
      according to the following protocol: general clinical and laboratory studies
      (stage I), pericardiocentesis (stage II), pericardial biopsy (stage III) and
      blind antituberculous therapy (stage IV). In 32 patients (14%) a specific
      etiologic diagnosis was obtained (13 with neoplasia, 9 with tuberculosis, 4 with
      collagen vascular disease, 2 with toxoplasmosis, 2 with purulent pericarditis and
      2 with viral pericarditis). "Diagnostic" pericardiocentesis (32 patients) was
      performed when clinical activity and effusion persisted for longer than 1 week or
      when purulent pericarditis was suspected, whereas "therapeutic"
      pericardiocentesis (44 patients) was performed to treat tamponade; their
      diagnostic yield was 6% and 29%, respectively. "Diagnostic" biopsy (20 patients)
      was carried out when illness persisted for longer than 3 weeks, whereas
      "therapeutic" biopsy was performed whenever pericardiocentesis failed to relieve
      tamponade; their diagnostic yield was 5% and 54%, respectively. The diagnostic
      yield difference between "diagnostic" and "therapeutic" procedures was
      significant (p less than 0.001); in contrast, the global diagnostic yield of
      pericardiocentesis (19%) and biopsy (22%) was similar. At the end of follow-up (1
      to 76 months, mean 31 +/- 20), no patient in whom a diagnosis of idiopathic
      pericarditis had been made showed signs of pericardial disease. It is concluded
      that a "diagnostic" procedure is not warranted as a routine method, a choice
      between "therapeutic" pericardiocentesis and biopsy is circumstantial and must be
      individualized, and only through a systematic approach can a substantial
      diagnostic yield be reached in primary acute pericardial disease.

PMID- 4050699
TI  - Post-cardiac injury syndrome and an increased humoral immune response against the
      major contractile proteins (actin and myosin).
AB  - To better understand the pathogenesis of the post-cardiac injury syndrome (PCIS)
      2 models of cardiac injury were studied. One hundred twenty-nine patients who
      underwent cardiac surgery and 80 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
      were prospectively followed and the levels of anti-heart antibodies (AHA), anti
      actin antibodies (AAA) and anti-myosin antibodies (AMA) were determined. In the
      surgical group, PCIS developed in 27 patients (21%) and incomplete PCIS in 36
      (28%). In the AMI group, PCIS did not develop in any patient, but incomplete PCIS
      developed in 11 patients (14%) (p less than 0.001). The surgical group showed a
      significantly higher humoral immune response than the AMI group when analyzed for
      AHA and anti-contractile protein antibodies. After cardiac surgery, AHA developed
      in 59 patients (46%), AAA developed in 33 (26%) and AMA developed in 49 (38%); in
      the AMI group, significant levels of AHA, AAA and AMA developed in 16 (20%), 7
      (9%) and 13 patients (16%), respectively. These studies show a significant
      correlation between the PCIS clinical classification and auto-antibodies raised
      against heart contractile proteins.

PMID- 4050700
TI  - Cardiovascular deconditioning produced by 20 hours of bedrest with head-down tilt
      (-5 degrees) in middle-aged healthy men.
AB  - Cardiovascular deconditioning after prolonged bedrest has been attributed to
      inactivity. To examine the role of the altered distribution of body fluids, 5
      healthy men, aged 41 to 48 years, were studied before, during and after a 20-hour
      period of bedrest with head-down tilt (-5 degrees). This intervention produces a
      marked central shift of intravascular and interstitial fluid, but the short
      duration minimizes the effects of inactivity. Central venous pressure, cardiac
      output and stroke volume all increased significantly (p less than 0.05) from
      supine baseline mean values; central venous pressure from 8.6 to 12.6 cm H2O,
      cardiac output from 6.9 to 7.9 liters/min, and stroke volume from 104 to 113 ml
      after 15 minutes of tilt, but all values returned to baseline within 20 hours.
      Supine central venous pressure after tilt was 7.4 cm H2O, cardiac output 5.7
      liters/min and stroke volume 84 ml. Blood volume decreased 0.51 liters. After
      tilt, orthostatic stress produced a higher heart rate (90 +/- 18 vs 68 +/- 12
      beats/min). Maximal oxygen consumption decreased (2.36 +/- 0.41 vs 2.62 +/- 0.48
      liters/min), mainly owing to reduced stroke volume (87 +/- 22 vs 107 +/- 18 ml, p
      less than 0.05). Thus, tilt produced a transient increase in central venous
      pressure, stroke volume and cardiac output, but supine mean values were below
      baseline levels after 20 hours. The post-tilt state was qualitatively and
      quantitatively similar to that seen after 2 to 3 weeks of bedrest or several days
      of spaceflight. These results are also similar to those from a previously studied
      group of ten 20- to 30-year-old normal men.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4050701
TI  - Safety of outpatient cardiac catheterizations.
AB  - Since 1979 most of the cardiac catheterizations at the investigators' institution
      have been performed as outpatient procedures. All cardiac catheterizations
      performed over a 66-month period were analyzed. A total of 3,071 outpatient
      cardiac catheterizations (83% of all cardiac catheterizations) were performed.
      The percutaneous femoral technique was used in 98% of the procedures. Most
      patients (79%) had both right and left-sided cardiac catheterization and coronary
      angiography, which showed significant coronary artery disease (70.4%). Only 13.6%
      of the study results were normal. Thirty-four patients (1.1%) had major
      complications, including 4 deaths (0.13%). Seventy patients (2.3%) were admitted
      for observation only. More than 96% of all patients did not have a major
      complication and were discharged the same day. Thus, outpatient cardiac
      catheterization can be performed safely, with a potential reduction in hospital
      costs and better utilization of medical beds.

PMID- 4050702
TI  - Relation of hemoglobin A1 and blood glucose to cardiac function in diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - To examine the relation of short- and long-term changes in glucose metabolism to
      cardiac function, radionuclide cineangiography and echocardiography were
      performed in 10 young insulin-dependent diabetic patients without clinical
      evidence of heart disease. Cardiac assessments were performed before and after
      both acute variations in blood glucose, and induction of chronic "tight glucose
      control" involving normalization of hemoglobin A1 concentrations. In diabetic
      patients, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) at normal blood glucose
      concentration was indistinguishable from values in 11 normal subjects. However,
      during hyperglycemia (about 300 mg/dl), the average EF at rest was 61%,
      significantly higher than that during normoglycemia (56%, p less than 0.001). No
      significant change in LV diastolic dimension was noted in association with shifts
      between high and normal blood glucose concentrations. Normalization of hemoglobin
      A1 was achieved within 6 to 25 weeks. This alteration had no significant effect
      on LVEF, mitral valve E-F slope, or the response of systolic function to blood
      glucose levels. In addition, no correlation was found between LVEF and hemoglobin
      A1 concentrations in 4 of 5 evaluation periods. Thus, in young insulin-dependent
      diabetic patients without overt heart disease, variation in blood glucose
      concentration is associated with small but significant variation in EF at rest;
      normalization of hemoglobin A1 has no significant effect on LVEF or the response
      of systolic function to blood glucose levels.

PMID- 4050703
TI  - Electrophysiologic evaluation of the cardiac conduction system and its autonomic
      regulation in familial amyloid polyneuropathy.
AB  - A high incidence of cardiac conduction disturbances is a salient feature in
      familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) and amyloid infiltration of the conduction
      system has been found. In patients with FAP autonomic nervous dysfunction
      involving gastrointestinal, urogenital and cardiovascular systems has been
      described. However, the present study is the first to evaluate the results of
      autonomic tests and pharmacologic intervention in the autonomic nervous
      regulation of the cardiac conduction system during an invasive electrophysiologic
      study. Seven patients with FAP and severe disturbances of the conduction system,
      evaluated concerning indications for pacemaker treatment, were studied; in 3 of
      them the parasympathetic regulation was found to be abolished. In 1 patient the
      observations indicated either vagal overactivity or denervation oversensitivity
      of the receptors. The function of the beta adrenoceptors was intact in all
      patients, but a disturbance of sympathetic innervation could not be excluded.
      Dysfunction of autonomic nervous regulation of the cardiac conduction system was
      thus found in 4 of 7 patients. However, most conduction abnormalities were
      irreversible, indicating amyloid infiltration of the conduction system as the
      predominant pathophysiologic mechanism, in accordance with the findings of
      pathoanatomic studies.

PMID- 4050704
TI  - Atrial septal aneurysm: echopolycardiographic study.
AB  - Atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) with diagnosis during life is a rarely reported
      anomaly, especially when not associated with other congenital or acquired
      valvular cardiopathies. Among 4,000 routine echocardiograms, 23 cases of ASA were
      found (8 men and 14 women, aged 19 to 79 years). Three patients had coronary
      artery disease, 2 had dilated cardiomyopathy, 2 had systemic hypertension, 11 had
      mitral valve prolapse and 5 had no other identifiable cardiovascular diseases.
      Echocardiography revealed various motion patterns of ASA. No
      phonomechanocardiographic findings were related to the presence of ASA, and no
      correlation between echographic and phonocardiographic findings was found.

PMID- 4050705
TI  - Effect of intracoronary verapamil on infarct size in the ischemic, reperfused
      canine heart: critical importance of the timing of treatment.
AB  - In an effort to determine whether the beneficial effect of calcium blocking drugs
      occurs only during ischemia or during reperfusion as well, anesthetized dogs were
      subjected to 3 hours of occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery
      followed by 3 hours of reperfusion. In protocol A, intracoronary verapamil (0.01
      mg/kg/min) was begun 90 minutes after coronary occlusion and continued for 1 hour
      into the reperfusion phase (n = 6) while a control group received an infusion of
      saline solution (n = 6). In vivo area at risk determined by dye injection was 29
      +/- 3% of the left ventricle (+/- standard error of the mean) in the control
      group and 30 +/- 3% in the verapamil group (difference not significant [NS]),
      whereas the area of necrosis determined by triphenyltetrazolium staining and
      expressed as a percent of area at risk was smaller in the verapamil group (29 +/-
      8%) than in the control group (57 +/- 8%, p less than 0.05). In protocol B,
      verapamil infusion into the left anterior descending coronary was begun 5 minutes
      before blood reperfusion and continued throughout the 3-hour reperfusion phase.
      Area at risk was similar in both groups (control, 25 +/- 1%, n = 8; verapamil, 28
      +/- 2%, n = 8, NS); area of necrosis expressed as a percentage of area at risk
      was 49 +/- 6% in the control group and 45 +/- 10% in the verapamil group (NS).
      Therefore, calcium blockade of ischemic myocytes delays death and enhances
      salvage produced by reperfusion. However, calcium blockade begun after prolonged
      coronary occlusion does not enhance reperfusion-induced myocardial salvage.

PMID- 4050706
TI  - Sudden death and experimental acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Acute myocardial ischemia was produced by ligature of the anterior descending
      coronary artery on 658 dogs in 3 separate laboratories. Overall, 12% of the dogs
      died within the first hour (instantaneous death) and 25% within the first 24
      hours (sudden death). The sudden death rate was significantly related to the
      logarithm of the weight of the dogs in the range studied. It varied widely if
      values from small series, comprising the same number of dogs, were considered.
      Values became less dispersed as the size of the series increased. In series of 10
      dogs, sudden death rates ranged from 0 to 70%, whereas in series of 100 dogs the
      range was 14 to 36%. Stable values were obtained for 50 to 60 dogs per series.
      Accordingly, reliable assessment of preventive measures can be made only with
      experimental series of at least this size.

PMID- 4050707
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of milrinone in chronic congestive heart
      failure.
AB  - The acute hemodynamic effects and pharmacokinetics of bolus intravenous milrinone
      administration were assessed in 13 patients with severe congestive heart failure.
      Serial hemodynamics were measured and blood samples were obtained to determine
      plasma milrinone concentration and calculation of pharmacokinetic variables after
      administration of milrinone at 12.5, 25, 50 and 75 micrograms/kg, allowing at
      least 6 hours to elapse between consecutive milrinone doses. At each dose
      milrinone effected prompt but very short-lived increases in cardiac output and
      left ventricular stroke work and decreases in pulmonary artery pressure, right
      atrial pressure and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance in a non-dose
      dependent fashion. Pulmonary artery wedge pressure decreased in a dose-related
      manner. Heart rate increased significantly after the 75-micrograms/kg dose and
      mean arterial pressure decreased significantly only after the 50- and 75
      micrograms/kg milrinone dose. The time-dependent decline in plasma milrinone
      concentration was biexponential and log linear, conforming to an open 2
      compartment model of drug distribution and elimination. Mean plasma milrinone
      clearance (+/- standard error) was 0.15 +/- 0.03 liters/min/kg, volume of
      distribution was 0.35 +/- 0.02 liters/kg and mean elimination half-life was 1.7
      hours.

PMID- 4050708
TI  - Effects of hydralazine on pressure-volume and stress-volume relations in
      congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
AB  - The mechanism by which hydralazine improves cardiac function in patients with
      heart failure is not well characterized. Hydralazine may improve left ventricular
      (LV) function by decreasing afterloading wall stress or by increasing myocardial
      contractility. The effect of intravenous hydralazine was assessed in 8 patients
      with severe idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Hydralazine increased stroke
      volume index (from 24 +/- 8 to 40 +/- 9 ml/m2, p less than 0.01) and decreased
      systemic vascular resistance from 1,603 +/- 619 to 810 +/- 317 dynes s cm-5, p
      less than 0.01) and peak LV wall stress (from 476 +/- 118 to 410 +/- 68
      kdynes/cm2, p = 0.02). Two groups were defined by normal or high LV wall stress.
      Patients with high LV stress had higher LV end-diastolic pressure (38 +/- 12 vs
      17 +/- 8 mm Hg, p less than 0.01), LV end-diastolic volume index (184 +/- 24 vs
      149 +/- 7 ml/m2, p less than 0.01) and systemic vascular resistance (1,423 +/-
      686 vs 846 +/- 293 dynes s cm-5, p = 0.01). Hydralazine decreased stress more in
      these patients (-101 +/- 57 vs -6 +/- 9 kdynes/cm2, p = 0.02), LV end-diastolic
      pressure (-12 +/- 7 vs 2 +/- 2 mm Hg, p = 0.02), systolic pressure (-15 +/- 13 vs
      3 +/- 4 mm Hg, p = 0.03) and systemic vascular resistance (-1,053 +/- 247 vs -363
      +/- 83 dynes s cm-5, p less than 0.01) than in patients with normal LV stress.
      Decreased LV stress was caused by decreased systolic and diastolic pressures
      and/or volumes. Late systolic pressure-volume relations in patients with normal
      LV stress suggested increased myocardial contractility, but this was not
      confirmed by LV dP/dt. Hydralazine improves LV function in patients with dilated
      cardiomyopathy by reducing elevated LV wall stress, with little inotropic effect.

PMID- 4050709
TI  - Left ventricular apical masses: noninvasive differentiation of rare from common
      ones.

PMID- 4050710
TI  - Pericardial defect mimicking a left atrial mass.

PMID- 4050711
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, His bundle sclerosis and
      sudden death.

PMID- 4050712
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse and systemic hypertension.

PMID- 4050713
TI  - Relation between electrocardiographic and scintigraphic location of myocardial
      ischemia in 1-vessel coronary artery disease.

PMID- 4050714
TI  - Serial electrophysiologic testing after acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4050715
TI  - A symposium: Experimental and clinical aspects of coronary vasoconstriction.
      November 10, 1984, Miami, Florida.

PMID- 4050716
TI  - Transient ischemia in angina pectoris: frequent silent events with everyday
      activities.
AB  - To help characterize episodes of transient myocardial ischemia, 80 patients with
      chronic stable angina and evidence of obstructive coronary disease were studied
      by ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring outside the hospital to
      detect both symptomatic and asymptomatic episodes of ST-segment depression. In
      addition, patients were tested on an outpatient basis by means of positron
      emission tomography to assess regional coronary blood flow under different
      conditions. All patients showed ECG evidence of transient ischemia, with or
      without symptoms, while active outside the hospital. In-hospital testing showed
      that symptomatic and asymptomatic disturbances in regional coronary blood flow
      occurred with normal everyday activities and were not caused by physical exertion
      involving marked increases in heart rate and blood pressure. Most of these
      provocations were followed by a decrease in coronary blood flow in a poststenotic
      segment of myocardium and, like the ischemic events monitored out of hospital,
      the majority were silent. Many of these features characterizing the activity of
      ischemic heart disease may not be apparent from a patient's anginal history or
      results of hospital diagnostic testing.

PMID- 4050717
TI  - Indirect hypnotic therapy of nyctophobia: a case report.

PMID- 4050718
TI  - Current trends in hypnosis and hypnotherapy: an interdisciplinary assessment.

PMID- 4050719
TI  - Exploring the schizophrenic experience with the use of hypnosis.

PMID- 4050720
TI  - Treatment of dental and dental-related behavioral dysfunctions in a consultative
      outpatient clinic: a preliminary report.

PMID- 4050721
TI  - The use of hypnosis and paradox in the treatment of a case of chronic urinary
      retention/"bashful bladder".

PMID- 4050722
TI  - Use of xanthan gum in dietary management of diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Xanthan gum (12 g/day) was fed in muffins during either the first or second half
      of a 12-wk period of muffin feeding, to free-living subjects. Nine subjects were
      diabetic, having moderately elevated serum glucose but managing without insulin
      or hypoglycemic drugs, and four were nondiabetic controls. Before the study and
      at the end of the xanthan and xanthan-free periods, bloods were taken before and
      2 h after an oral glucose load. The feeding of xanthan gum lowered fasting and
      postload serum glucose and reduced fasting levels of total plasma cholesterol in
      diabetic subjects. Xanthan gum also tended to lower fasting and postload levels
      of gastrin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and fasting levels of total
      and VLDL triglyceride and cholesterol in VLDL and LDL fractions. Subjects
      reported a sense of fullness after consuming xanthan muffins but no severe
      digestive symptoms.

PMID- 4050723
TI  - Vitamin D absorption in healthy subjects and in patients with intestinal
      malabsorption syndromes.
AB  - We developed a test procedure for the clinical evaluation of the absorption of
      vitamin D. Serum vitamin D concentrations were evaluated in seven patients with
      intestinal fat malabsorption syndromes and in seven healthy, normal subjects,
      after being given a single oral dose of 50,000 IU (1.25 mg) vitamin D2. In the
      normal subjects, serum vitamin D concentrations rose from a baseline of less than
      5 ng/ml to a peak of over 50 ng/ml by 12 h, gradually falling to baseline levels
      by 3 days. In five of the seven patients with intestinal fat malabsorption, oral
      administration of 50,000 IU vitamin D2 did not raise serum vitamin D
      concentrations above 10 ng/ml. Two patients with severe inflammatory bowel
      disease had a normal absorption pattern, however. These findings suggest that an
      oral vitamin D absorption test may be of value for determination of patients at
      risk for development of vitamin D deficiency. They also raise questions about the
      efficacy of oral vitamin D preparations in patients with intestinal fat
      malabsorption.

PMID- 4050724
TI  - Analysis of B-6 vitamers in human milk by reverse-phase liquid chromatography.
AB  - A simple, accurate reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RPLC)
      method was introduced for the analysis of B-6 vitamers in human milk. The assay
      consisted of a phosphate buffer (pH 2.9) delivered isocratically through 5 micron
      ODS column packing, followed by post-column bisulfite derivatization to enhance
      the detection of PLP (and to a minor extent PL). The vitamers were detected using
      a fluorescence spectromonitor. Sample run time was less than 30 min. The
      sensitivity of the method was such that PL, PN, and PLP were detectable to 30
      pmol/ml milk and PM and PMP to 5 pmol/ml milk. Total vitamin B-6 content in milk
      analyzed by RPLC correlated well with the microbiological assay. B-6 vitamer
      distribution in human milk was similar to values obtained from two different ion
      exchange HPLC systems. The RPLC procedure is simpler and faster than the HPLC
      systems and is suggested for future use in analysis of B-6 vitamer concentrations
      in human milk.

PMID- 4050725
TI  - The cause and correction of low blood vitamin C concentrations in the elderly.
AB  - Chronically sick elderly women had low intakes and low blood concentrations of
      vitamin C. Small dietary supplements of vitamin C increased the concentration of
      vitamin C in their plasma and leucocytes to those found in both the active
      elderly and the young. These findings confirm that low concentrations of vitamin
      C in the institutionalized and chronically sick elderly are primarily due to poor
      intake and can be easily corrected by dietary changes. The case for increasing
      the intake of vitamin C in these patients is discussed.

PMID- 4050726
TI  - Intestinal absorption of thiamin from yeast-containing sorghum beer.
AB  - The rate of absorption of 14C-thiamin added to sorghum beer has been studied in
      isolated loops of rat duodenum and adjacent jejunum. Appreciable amounts of the
      vitamin were absorbed in spite of the presence in the beer of alcohol and live
      yeast cells avid for the vitamin. These results suggest that commercially brewed
      sorghum beer, a beverage consumed widely by Third World populations, can be
      fortified with thiamin to prevent the development of deficiency of the vitamin in
      habitual consumers of the beer.

PMID- 4050727
TI  - Effect of marginal zinc deficiency on the morphological characteristics of
      intestinal nascent chylomicrons and distribution of soluble apoproteins of lymph
      chylomicrons.
AB  - Effects of marginal zinc depletion on the compositional and morphological
      characteristics of chylomicrons were investigated in adult male rats fed 3 ppm of
      dietary zinc, as compared with pair-fed and ad-libitum controls given 30 ppm of
      zinc for 6 to 8 wk. Lymph was collected by cannulating the intestinal lymphatic
      duct during infusion of a 1:1 mixture of Intralipid and 150 mM NaCl via a
      duodenal catheter. Lymph chylomicrons were isolated by ultracentrifugation and
      further purified by agarose column chromatography. A marginal level of zinc
      deficiency produced decreases in the relative concentrations of apolipoproteins C
      and E, with an increase in apoprotein A-I and no change in apoprotein A-IV and no
      significant alterations in the lipid components. Nascent chylomicrons in the
      intestinal absorptive cells were irregular and larger in shape and size, as
      determined by light and electron microscopy. The present results suggest that the
      changes in chylomicron apoproteins produced by zinc deficiency are due in part to
      postsynthetic modification of intestinal chylomicrons upon their release into the
      lymph.

PMID- 4050728
TI  - Does iron supplementation compromise zinc nutrition in healthy infants?
AB  - Iron supplements are commonly administered to infants in order to prevent iron
      deficiency. We wished to determine whether iron administration could compromise
      zinc nutrition as might be suspected from previous studies. Measures of iron
      nutrition, serum zinc, and serum copper were measured before and after
      randomization of 291 healthy 1-yr-old infants to a 3 mo course of placebo or iron
      treatment (30 mg iron as ferrous sulfate given before a meal). There was no
      significant difference in serum zinc or copper in the two groups before or after
      treatment; thus iron administration did not result in any evidence of zinc
      deficiency in a healthy, well-nourished group of T-yr-old infants.

PMID- 4050729
TI  - The absorption of zinc from a standardized meal in alcoholics and in normal
      volunteers.
AB  - The mean serum zinc in 30 normal volunteers was 12.8 mumol/l (SE +/- 0.3) and in
      30 alcoholic subjects was 10.7 mumol/l (SE +/- 0.6) (p less than 0.005).
      Postprandial changes in serum zinc were studied in these volunteers and
      alcoholics who were divided into three groups. After a standardized meal with no
      added zinc there was a sustained postprandial fall in serum zinc in 10 normal
      volunteers (23%) and in 10 alcoholic subjects (19%). After a standardized meal
      supplemented with 25 mg zinc there was a similar rise in postprandial serum zinc
      concentration in 10 alcoholic subjects and 10 normal volunteers. After a
      standardized meal supplemented with 50 mg zinc there were lower serum zinc
      concentrations in 10 alcoholic subjects when compared with 10 normal volunteers.
      These lower postprandial serum zinc concentrations in alcoholics may suggest a
      reduced absorptive capacity for zinc in alcoholics.

PMID- 4050730
TI  - Dietary fluoride intake of 6-month and 2-year-old children in four dietary
      regions of the United States.
AB  - Based upon the analysis of 44 market basket food collections, the average daily
      dietary fluoride intakes of 6-mo-old and 2-yr-old children residing in cities
      with water fluoride levels of 0.05 to 1.04 ppm were determined. In cities with
      greater than 0.7 ppm fluoride in the drinking water, a 6-mo-old child (infant)
      and a 2-yr-old child (toddler) had mean dietary fluoride intakes of 0.418 mg/day
      (0.052 mg/kg body weight) and 0.621 mg/day (0.050 mg/kg body weight)
      respectively. The data indicate that the average dietary fluoride intake of
      infants and toddlers did not exceed 0.08 mg/kg, and in all but three cases was
      within or below the optimum range of 0.05-0.07 mg/kg. The ingestion of fluoride
      containing dentifrice or milk formula diluted with fluoridated water may result
      in intake levels exceeding that associated with the development of dental
      fluorosis (0.1 mg F/kg body wt).

PMID- 4050731
TI  - Fatty acid composition of serum cholesteryl esters in 3- to 18-year-old Finnish
      children and its relation to diet.
AB  - The composition of fatty acids in serum cholesteryl esters (CE) was analyzed gas
      chromatographically in 1348 boys and girls aged from 3 to 18 yr. A dietary survey
      was carried out simultaneously using the 48-h recall method. The dietary P/S
      ratio had highly significant correlations with CE fatty acids: positive with
      linoleate (0.567) and total omega 6 fatty acids and negative with saturated,
      monounsaturated, and omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The highest mean
      percentage of CE-linoleate was found in 15-yr-old girls (52.7, SD 4.68%) and
      lowest in 3-yr-old girls (48.1, SD 5.00%). Age, sex, and the degree of puberty
      had no independent effect on CE-linoleate after it had been adjusted for the
      effect of dietary P/S ratio by analysis of covariance. These results indicate
      that the fatty acid composition of serum CE depends on the quality of dietary fat
      and that CE-linoleate is a useful reflector of the dietary P/S ratio. The
      negative correlation between CE omega 3 fatty acids and dietary P/S ratio may be
      due to displacement of the omega 3 acids in serum CE by the much higher
      proportion of dietary linoleate.

PMID- 4050732
TI  - Influences in child growth associated with poverty in the 1970's: an examination
      of HANESI and HANESII, cross-sectional US national surveys.
AB  - This research examines associations between various measures of child growth
      (height, weight, triceps skinfold thickness, subscapular skinfold thickness),
      dietary variables, and poverty status in a sample of 13,750 black and white
      children aged 1 to 17 yr. The data used in this survey were collected in the
      National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys I and II (HANESI, 1971-1975,
      and HANESII, 1976-1980). In general, lower mean values for all the growth
      measures examined were found in children living below the defined poverty
      threshold in comparison with those above the poverty threshold. The magnitude of
      these poverty-associated differences tended to decrease between the times of the
      HANESI and HANESII surveys, though not sufficiently to be statistically
      significant. These differences in growth were not consistently associated with
      differences in dietary intake of energy between poverty groups or surveys.

PMID- 4050733
TI  - Nutrition and fertility in Bangladesh: nutritional status of nonpregnant women.
AB  - In October 1975 a longitudinal study of over 2000 married women was initiated in
      Matlab, Bangladesh, to determine the association of fertility with nutritional
      status. This paper reports the results on nutritional status among nonpregnant
      women. The average weight and height of the study women was 40.4 kg and 147.9 cm.
      Weight fluctuated throughout the 2 1/2 yr study period corresponding to seasonal
      food shortages. Maternal weight (controlling for height) was consistently lower
      for older, higher parity women, illustrating the negative impact of increasing
      numbers of births on the mother's nutrient stores. Older women were also shorter
      than younger women, due to greater deficits in growth during childhood. Older,
      higher parity women had slightly lower hematocrits than younger women with an
      overall mean of 35%. Education level was associated positively with height,
      weight, and hematocrit. Muslims were taller and heavier than Hindus, reflecting
      their generally higher socioeconomic status. The seasonal pattern of nutritional
      status is discussed in relation to the seasonality of food availability, activity
      patterns, and incidence of infectious disease.

PMID- 4050734
TI  - Scientific and public health rationale for the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
AB  - The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, published by DHHS and USDA in 1980, have
      recently been reviewed by an expert committee that has recommended only minimal
      changes to scientifically update them. Initial efforts to develop dietary
      guidelines for prevention of diseases were fraught with controversy, some of
      which has continued. This controversy exemplifies a larger issue concerning the
      role that contemporary science, and specifically government, has in assuring and
      maintaining public health. Two broad questions need to be asked: what is the
      government's role in facilitating application of contemporary nutrition knowledge
      to public health, and what standard of scientific surety should be the basis for
      its application? Government's role in assuring public health and safety
      indirectly through information is well established. In deciding when the data are
      sufficient to inform the public, public health scientists must, at some point,
      make the leap of faith, even though some doubts may remain.

PMID- 4050735
TI  - Soviet prophylactic nutrition for workers in toxic chemical occupational
      environments.
AB  - In the Soviet Union, certain foods and vitamins are officially approved for
      distribution to workers exposed to some toxic chemical occupational environments.
      The types and quantities of foods, categorized as rations 1-5, are formulated
      according to the chemical exposure. These rations provide between 1364-1481 kcal
      and consist of 16-18% protein, 26-33% fat, and 46-55% carbohydrate. Certain
      vitamins are recommended in some working environments, in addition to the
      standard rations. All foods and vitamins are provided to the workers as a meal in
      the factory or industrial plant. Although this prophylactic nutrition is
      officially approved in the Soviet Union, the actual distribution of these rations
      and vitamins depends largely on decisions made by local administrations.

PMID- 4050736
TI  - Zinc in peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 4050737
TI  - Split-course radiotherapy of carcinoma of the urinary bladder stages C and D1. A
      Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Study.
AB  - One hundred forty-eight patients with advanced carcinoma of the urinary bladder
      Stages C or D1 were randomized between continuous-course radiotherapy (6,000 cGy
      in 30 fractions of 200 cGy each, over 6 weeks) and split-course radiotherapy
      (2,750 cGy in 10 fractions of 275 cGy each, over 2 weeks; a rest period of 3
      weeks; 2,750 cGy in 2 weeks); 139 are analyzed in this report. Ninety-four
      percent of the patients have been followed at least 5 years or until death. The
      patients ranged in age from 45 to 80 with a median of 69. Seventy-six percent of
      the patients were males and 58% had Stage C disease. In patients with information
      on the size of the tumor, in 66% the lesion measured 5 cm or larger; 26% had a
      diameter of 8 cm or larger. In general, the treatment groups were well balanced
      with respect to patient characteristics. Both treatment groups tolerated therapy
      well. Eighty-seven percent of the patients completed therapy, 66% as planned.
      Fifty-four percent experienced at least one severe reaction, with the most common
      types being diarrhea (28%), frequency of urination (24%), soreness or burning on
      urination (25%), and urgency of urination (19%). Late effects of therapy were
      minimal. Median survival times were 11.5 months and 9.4 months for continuous
      course and split-course, respectively. The treatment differences were not
      significant (p = 0.88; Mantel-Haenszel stratified by stage and sex). Forty
      percent of the patients became free of all clinically detectable disease
      following radiotherapy either alone or in combination with additional surgery
      (40% for continuous-course, 4% cleared by surgery, and 39% for split-course, 3%
      cleared by surgery). When the tumor measured less than 5 cm, the clearance rate
      was 61% (20/33) vs. 33% (13/39) for 5-7.9 cm, and 24% (6/25) for 8 cm or larger
      (p less than 0.01; chi2 test for linear trend). For those who became disease
      free, median time disease free within the irradiated volume was 72 months for
      continuous-course and is currently undefined for split-course; median time
      disease free was 28 months and undefined, respectively. There were no significant
      treatment differences in tumor control for any of these endpoints. The ultimate
      long-term tumor control in the pelvis was 28% (19/68) for continuous- and 25%
      (18/71) for split-course therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4050738
TI  - Intra-arterial and intravenous chemotherapy for the treatment of malignant
      glioma. Preliminary results.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with malignant glioma were treated with cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum II (CDDP II) 60-90 mg/m2 intra-arterial (I.A.) bolus on
      day 1 and Carmustine (BCNU) 100 mg/m2 intravenously (I.V.) on days 1 and 2. Three
      patients received additional Aziridinylbenzoquinone (AZQ) 7 mg/m2 (I.V.) on days
      1 and 2. At the time of this treatment, seven patients had local recurrence after
      previous surgery and radiotherapy. Nine patients had subtotal tumor resection or
      biopsy, one patient had macroscopic tumor resection, and four patients had no
      previous surgery because of medical contraindication. Six patients received five
      or more courses of I.A. and I.V. chemotherapy. Five of these patients showed
      complete remission (CR) and one had a partial remission (PR) by brain
      computerized tomography (CT scan). Another 15 patients treated with two to four
      courses of I.A., and I.V. chemotherapy showed eight partial responses (PR), and
      seven showed no changes (NC) by brain CT scan. Five patients died with disease.
      Patients who achieved CR also received radical radiotherapy for remission
      consolidation. Sixteen patients are still alive; five patients are off treatment,
      four of these with no evidence of disease (NED), one alive with disease (AWD);
      and the remaining 11 patients are still on treatment. Toxicity, symptomatic
      neurological recovery, disease stabilization, and causes of death will be
      discussed.

PMID- 4050739
TI  - Very high dose cyclophosphamide with imidazole carboximide and vincristine
      sulfate in the treatment of stage IV neuroblastoma.
AB  - To address the problem of drug dosage as a limiting factor for successful
      chemotherapy, seven patients with Stage IV neuroblastoma were treated with very
      high dose cyclophosphamide with imidazole carboximide (DTIC) and vincristine
      sulfate in conjunction with intensive supportive care. None of the patients
      experienced a complete response. The major toxicity was myelosuppression,
      complicated by significant infections. Toxicity was significantly more severe in
      this study than in similar regimens using these three drugs at conventional
      doses. Although the number of patients in this study was small and most had
      received prior therapy, our data do not support the efficacy of very high dose
      cyclophosphamide in the treatment of Stage IV neuroblastoma.

PMID- 4050740
TI  - A phase II trial of PCNU in patients with malignant melanoma and central nervous
      system metastases.
AB  - Twelve patients with malignant melanoma metastatic to the central nervous system
      (CNS) were treated with PCNU. All patients had prior chemotherapy and/or
      radiation therapy and had progressive brain metastases, documented by
      computerized tomography. PCNU was given as a single intravenous infusion of 90
      110 mg/m2 every 6-8 weeks. There was one partial response and four patients had
      stable disease. Although no episodes of sepsis or bleeding occurred, seven of 17
      courses led to significant granulocytopenia or thrombocytopenia. Nonhematopoietic
      toxicities were mild. These results indicate that systemic PCNU is unlikely to be
      more effective than other currently used chemotherapy in patients with malignant
      melanoma and CNS metastases.

PMID- 4050741
TI  - Hematologic toxicity of cisplatin and mitomycin in combination for squamous cell
      carcinoma of esophagus.
AB  - Seventy-six patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCE) were
      treated with either cisplatin and mitomycin in combination or as single agents on
      ECOG protocol 2278. Sixty-six patients were evaluated for toxicity. Of 13
      evaluable mitomycin and cisplatin treated patients, six (46%) experienced ECOG
      grade 4 thrombocytopenia and/or leukopenia. Of 28 evaluable patients treated with
      mitomycin alone, two (7%) experienced such toxicity; and of 25 evaluable patients
      treated with cisplatin alone, none experienced this toxicity. The average total
      dose prior to toxicity for those receiving mitomycin and cisplatin in combination
      was 51 mg and 131 mg, respectively, with average time to toxicity 3.6 weeks. For
      those two patients who received mitomycin alone, the average total dose was 68 mg
      and average time to toxicity 6.5 weeks. For those patients receiving cisplatin
      alone, the average total dose was 220 mg. The reasons for the enhanced
      hematologic toxicity of the agents together are not apparent, but it would be
      prudent to caution investigators using these agents in combination with
      potentially myelosuppressive drugs.

PMID- 4050742
TI  - Extranodal lymphoma of the head and neck area.
AB  - Records of 64 patients with extranodal lymphoma of the head and neck area treated
      at this institution between 1965 and 1982 have been reviewed. Of these cases, 78%
      had Stage I-EA disease, 20% had Stage II-EA disease, and 2% had Stage III-EA
      disease. Excluded from this study were patients of the pediatric age, patients
      with previous chemotherapy and surgery, patients in whom extranodal involvement
      has been a terminal manifestation of wide-spread disease, and patients with nodal
      involvement with extension of disease outside the lymph nodes. Patients with a
      histiocytic histology accounted for 63%, 28% were of lymphocytic histologies,
      4.5% were of mixed histologies, and in 4.5% a diagnosis of lymphoma or benign
      lymphocytic proliferation had been made. The paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity, and
      oral cavity were the most frequent sites of involvement, making up 39% of the
      cases--with the orbit, central nervous system, nasopharynx, salivary glands,
      thyroid, skin, and larynx following in that order of frequency. All patients
      received a definitive course of radiotherapy, except patients with CNS
      involvement. In no case was chemotherapy given concomitantly with the radiation
      therapy. One-third of the patients did require chemotherapy at a later time for
      progression of disease. No patients were lost to follow-up. Seven patients with
      primaries of the brain were inevaluable for response; however, all patients
      having visible or palpable tumors achieved a complete response (100%), and there
      was no recurrence or persistent disease in the field of therapy. The next area of
      disease involvement depended on the site of the primary. Nodal involvement
      following extranodal disease carried a poor prognosis.

PMID- 4050743
TI  - Phase II study of dibromodulcitol and BCNU in metastatic malignant melanoma.
AB  - Dibromodulcitol (DBD) and BCNU were administered to 20 patients with metastatic
      malignant melanoma who had not received prior chemotherapy. One complete and
      three partial responses were noted; duration of response was short. Dose limiting
      toxicity was thrombocytopenia. DBD and BCNU do not appear to improve response
      over single agent therapy for disseminated melanoma.

PMID- 4050744
TI  - Histopathologic grading and prognosis of uterine cervical carcinoma.
AB  - In a retrospective study of 275 patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of
      the cervix, a recently developed histopathologic malignancy system, MGS, was
      investigated for its prognostic value. The system is based on an evaluation of
      eight parameters: structure, cell type, nuclear polymorphism, mitoses, mode of
      invasion, stage of invasion, vascular invasion, and lymphoplasmocytic response.
      Each parameter is graded from 1 to 3 points, with total score variation ranging
      from 8 to 24 points. A Kaplan-Meyer plot showed that the crude survival of
      patients with an MGS index less than or equal to 14 was significantly better than
      the survival of patients with an MGS index greater than 14. There was no
      correlation between the clinical stage of the patients and the MGS score. This
      suggests that, in addition to clinical staging, the MGS index could be of
      considerable prognostic value and a help in the selection of high risk patients
      for more aggressive therapy.

PMID- 4050745
TI  - High-dose oral metoclopramide. An effective antiemetic agent.
AB  - Seventy-six patients receiving cisplatin and noncisplatin-containing cancer
      chemotherapy were treated with an outpatient phase II metoclopramide regimen. The
      program consisted of an outpatient intravenous loading dose of metoclopramide
      before chemotherapy, followed by oral metoclopramide at 1, 3, 5, and 8 hours
      after chemotherapy. Three oral dose levels were evaluated. Treatment with 2
      mg/kg/dose or 100 mg/dose resulted in no vomiting in 53% of 65 evaluable
      patients, and 0-2 episodes of emesis in 74%. Oral doses of 50 mg/dose were less
      effective, preventing emesis in 18%. This trial demonstrated the antiemetic
      effectiveness of high-dose oral metoclopramide in a new schedule designed for the
      outpatient setting. The side effects included restlessness (51% of patients),
      dystonic reactions (9%), and gastrointestinal complaints (41%).

PMID- 4050746
TI  - Mitogenic inhibition and effect on survival of mice bearing L1210 leukemia using
      a combination of dehydroascorbic acid and hydroxycobalamin.
AB  - The present study was designed to test the effect of a combination of
      dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and hydroxycobalamin (vitamin B12) on the survival of
      mice bearing L1210 leukemia. Results showed a significant increase in survival of
      treated mice compared with controls (p less than or equal to 0.0001) (Student's t
      test). This positive effect was significantly lost when DHA was substituted by
      ascorbic acid (AA) in the same experimental conditions. In vitro findings also
      revealed that the DHA-B12 combination specifically inhibited mitoses of L1210
      cells while non-neoplastic L929 cells were not affected.

PMID- 4050747
TI  - Children's environments and mental health: opportunity and responsibility.

PMID- 4050748
TI  - Adaptation and vulnerability in high-risk adolescents: an examination of
      environmental mediators.
AB  - The relationship of characteristics of the social environment to the adaptation
      of adolescents from high-risk predisposing environments was examined.
      Specifically, the degree to which adolescents' perceptions of various dimensions
      of their family and school environment as well as sources of social support
      related to differential levels of personal well-being and academic adjustment was
      explored. Multiple regression analyses revealed differences in the salience of
      the dimensions of the social environment as a function of the particular sphere
      of functioning under consideration. Implications of the findings for developing a
      model for understanding the relative vulnerability of individuals at risk as well
      as of the design of preventive interventions are discussed.

PMID- 4050749
TI  - Adolescent coping and support across multiple social environments.
AB  - This paper considers how research on stress, coping, and social support in
      adolescence may be informed by a social ecological perspective. Two case studies
      are presented which examine contrasting strategies by which adolescents at risk
      may cope successfully. One strategy focuses on the use of a strong peer social
      network, the other on the use of school involvements. In both cases, the analyses
      emphasize coping and social network processes across multiple social
      environments. Preventive social-community interventions are suggested to
      circumvent potential trouble spots associated with the use of these strategies.

PMID- 4050750
TI  - The effects of peer-teaching on student perceptions of class environment,
      adjustment, and academic performance.
AB  - This study explored the effects of a social studies peer-teaching intervention on
      student perceptions of class environment, adjustment, and academic performance.
      There were 45 students in the experimental group (E) and 46 controls (C) from
      four fifth-grade classes in a suburban, predominantly white, middle-class school.
      The Classroom Environment Scale (CES) and a School Opinion Survey were used to
      assess student views of the classroom. Students completed self-esteem and peer
      sociometric rating measures and teachers submitted adjustment ratings for all
      pupils. Report card and average monthly grades were recorded in social studies.
      After the intervention, Es compared to Cs came to see their classes as more
      Involved, Orderly and Organized, and Competitive, and reported being happier in
      class and enjoying aspects of their school work more. The groups did not differ
      in change in self-esteem. Both groups improved directionally in peer liking,
      though Cs did so more than Es. Teachers rated Es as having increased competence
      and decreased in problems after the program. Es did significantly better than Cs
      both on report cards and monthly social studies grades due primarily to the
      substantial improvement of Es with initially low academic status.

PMID- 4050751
TI  - Defining environmental risk: multiple dimensions of psychological vulnerability.
AB  - Children participating in a longitudinal study of risk for serious mental
      disorder were assessed at 48 months of age. Six risk factors were defined:
      negative life events, e.g., illness/injury to the child; maternal
      hospitalizations, for all reasons; number of children in the family; maternal
      psychiatric status; maternal cognitive orientation toward child-rearing; and
      single-parent family. The results show that the number of risk factors is
      negatively related to social and intellectual adjustment; a rigid conforming
      maternal cognitive orientation is associated with diminished intellectual and
      social performance; maternal psychiatric status is associated with lessened
      social performance. Additionally, the combination of a rigid conforming maternal
      cognitive orientation with negative life events is associated with diminished
      social adjustment. A discussion examines these results in a context defined by
      developmental and crisis theory.

PMID- 4050752
TI  - Self-labeling by educably mentally retarded high school students in their
      mainstream and special education classes.
AB  - Educably mentally retarded (EMR) students and nonhandicapped students from their
      mainstream classes completed semantic differential ratings of a stereotypic
      popular teen-ager, juvenile delinquent, and special education student. Subjects
      also rated their global self-concepts and situation-specific self-concepts within
      the mainstream and the special class settings. Ratings were done at the beginning
      (Time 1) and the end (Time 2) of a semester. Results showed that mainstream
      classes did not "de-label" EMR students. Within the mainstream class, the number
      of EMR students who saw themselves as similar to a special education student
      significantly increased over time. Moreover, at Time 2, EMR students were more
      likely to think of themselves as similar to a special education student in their
      mainstream class than in their special education class. However, EMR subjects'
      global self-concepts did not change. Implications for mainstreaming are
      discussed.

PMID- 4050753
TI  - Participatory-democratic work and adolescents' mental health.
AB  - Five arguments are advanced for the proposition that participatory-democratic
      workplaces best promote the mental health of adolescents. These arguments are
      based on (a) adolescent development theory, (b) research on adolescent work, (c)
      the goal of preparing adolescents to assume optimally healthful adult jobs, (d)
      the proposition that participatory-democratic work is optimal for all workers,
      and (e) the trend toward increased worker participation in adult workplaces. This
      rationale is given an initial test by means of case studies of three adolescent
      work settings, one of which was participatory-democratic by the authors'
      definition. Only the adolescents in this work setting showed statistically
      significant growth in work-related social reasoning as measured by a pre- and
      poststructural interview.

PMID- 4050754
TI  - A prospective evaluation of the upper gastrointestinal tract and periampullary
      region in patients with Gardner syndrome.
AB  - Neoplasms of the upper gastrointestinal tract and periampullary region occur in
      patients with Gardner syndrome (GS), but their true incidence is not yet
      established. Fourteen patients with GS underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy prior
      to colectomy and every 1-3 years thereafter. In 10 patients the pancreatobiliary
      system was also investigated: nine by endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography and one at autopsy. All of the patients underwent
      ultrasound examination of liver, biliary tree, and pancreas. Adenomas in the
      upper gastrointestinal tract were found in all of the patients: Vater's papilla-
      12, duodenum--nine, and gastric antrum--seven. Only five patients had adenomas at
      the time of diagnosis of GS, and all the others developed adenomas within a mean
      of 2.5 years. One patient had hyperplastic polyps in the stomach fundus. Adenomas
      of the papilla of Vater demonstrated a higher degree of dysplasia compared to
      dysplasia in other locations of the gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography helped in detecting adenomas in distal common bile duct
      not visible at endoscopy. We conclude that adenomas at the upper gastrointestinal
      tract occur frequently in patients with GS and, therefore, periodic endoscopic
      systematic investigation of all patients with GS is mandatory.

PMID- 4050755
TI  - Esophageal involvement by pemphigus vulgaris.
AB  - Pemphigus vulgaris is a well-known disease that involves the skin and the mucous
      membranes. The disease can start in the oral or pharyngeal mucosa and the skin
      lesions may appear later. Esophageal involvement seems to be very rare. In a
      patient with oral disease, we recently observed, at endoscopy, typical lesions of
      pemphigus vulgaris in the esophagus.

PMID- 4050756
TI  - Significance of a gastric mass screening survey.
AB  - We analyzed the rate of occurrence of gastric cancer in a population of 39,250 by
      mass screening survey. In 0.123% of the total subjects gastric cancer was
      detected, 0.064% was at early stage and 0.059% at an advanced stage. The
      incidence of gastric cancer in the newly examined persons was 0.17%, 0.08% was at
      early stage and 0.09% at advanced stage. Of the frequently examined persons 0.07%
      was found to have gastric cancer, 0.043% at early stage and 0.027% at an advanced
      stage. The rate of occurrence of early gastric cancer was significantly higher
      than that of advanced gastric cancer within a 1 1/2 year interval of screening.
      From these results, gastric mass screening survey is considered to be effective
      in detecting asymptomatic gastric cancer in the "newly examined persons," and
      also to be beneficial in detecting "early" gastric cancer at intervals of 1 1/2
      years of screening.

PMID- 4050757
TI  - Phytobezoar from the stem ("quiote") of the cactus Agave americana: report of
      case.
AB  - Agave americana is a cactus growing abundantly in Mexico. Its cooked stem
      ("quiote") yields by mastication a sweet juice which is swallowed, while the
      fibers ("bagazo") are spit out. That is the way Mexicans are taught to chew
      quiote since their early childhood, and it accounts for the rarity of bezoars
      from this origin. One of such cases is reported herein.

PMID- 4050758
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma in jejunal diverticulum.
AB  - Malignancy arising in a jejunal diverticulum is extremely rare. We report a
      leiomyosarcoma arising from a jejunal diverticulum. This is the second reported
      case of smooth muscle tumor arising from this site. Despite general belief that
      small bowel diverticula are devoid of muscle coat, there is presence of a thin
      muscle coat which can give rise to a neoplasm. We report such a case.

PMID- 4050759
TI  - Ulcerative colitis in Iran: a review of 112 cases.
AB  - Despite claims of rarity, chronic ulcerative colitis is being encountered with
      increasing frequency in developing countries. We report our experience with 112
      patients with chronic ulcerative colitis diagnosed during a 10-year period
      between 1973 and 1982 in Tehran, Iran, and compare the demographic and clinical
      features of chronic ulcerative colitis on our patients with those reported from
      other countries. Significant differences included the mild course of the disease,
      the absence of skin manifestations, and the rarity of colorectal cancer in our
      patients. The importance of changing socioeconomic status and cultural factors on
      the development of chronic ulcerative colitis is briefly discussed. The extreme
      rarity of Crohn's disease in Iran is noted.

PMID- 4050760
TI  - Approach to patients with multiple relapses of antibiotic-associated
      pseudomembranous colitis.
AB  - Twenty-two patients with multiple relapses of antibiotic-associated
      pseudomembranous colitis underwent a tapering dose of oral vancomycin for 21 days
      and a pulse dose of vancomycin for 21 days. In follow-up ranging from 2-12 months
      with a mean of 6 months, all patients have been without recurrence of the
      antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis.

PMID- 4050761
TI  - Crohn's disease and systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - A 28-year-old man with inflammatory bowel disease with complex extraintestinal
      involvement was found to have diagnostic features of both systemic lupus
      erythematosus and Crohn's disease. Although some of the systemic complications of
      these diseases may overlap, both diseases may occur as primary disorders.
      Coexistence of systemic lupus erythematosus should be considered in patients with
      inflammatory bowel disease and complex extraintestinal manifestations.

PMID- 4050762
TI  - Blind pouch syndrome: a case report.
AB  - The blind pouch syndrome is associated with a spectrum of diseases affecting the
      gastrointestinal tract that includes: malabsorption, ulceration, bleeding, and
      perforation. The clinical signs and symptoms of anemia, weight loss, abdominal
      pain, vomiting, and intermittent intestinal obstruction can be found.
      Occasionally, constipation or more often diarrhea is an important manifestation.
      A case report of this entity with related radiological and pathological findings
      secondary to a side-to-side anastomosis is presented and discussed.

PMID- 4050763
TI  - Plasma cell infiltration of the small intestine, recurrent pulmonary infections,
      and cellular immunodeficiency (Nezelof's syndrome).
AB  - An 18-year follow-up of a young woman who presented at the age of 10 years with a
      malabsorption syndrome and recurrent chest infections is reported. The serum
      immunoglobulins, and in particular the IgA, were increased, cell-mediated
      immunity was impaired but free alpha heavy chains were not detected. A jejunal
      biopsy showed plasma cell infiltration of the bowel with villous atrophy.
      Bronchiectasis, recurrent skin infections, and sinusitis were treated with
      frequent courses of antibiotics and corticosteroids. An initial presumptive
      diagnosis of cystic fibrosis was excluded by a normal sweat test. Although
      difficult to classify her exact type of immune deficiency state, the data would
      appear to conform to the syndrome of cellular immunodeficiency with normal or
      near normal immunoglobulins and lymphopenia (Nezelof's syndrome).

PMID- 4050764
TI  - Acanthosis nigricans associated with adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder.
AB  - We present a case of malignant acanthosis nigricans in association with primary
      adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder. The extreme rarity of the association is noted
      and discussed in light of the relevant literature and the suggested pathogenic
      mechanisms of malignant acanthosis nigricans.

PMID- 4050765
TI  - Psoas abscess in inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - The inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is sometimes complicated by the development
      of a psoas abscess. We recently encountered three patients of IBD with psoas
      abscess. Two patients had Crohn's ileocolitis and one with ulcerative colitis.
      During 1979-1984, 23 patients with psoas abscess due to a variety of underlying
      disease processes were seen at our institution. At the same time period, 483
      cases of Crohn's disease and 283 cases of ulcerative colitis were encountered.
      Therefore, of 766 patients with IBD only three were complicated by psoas abscess
      (incidence ratio = 0.6%). Thus, psoas abscess was a very rare complication of IBD
      in patients seen at our institution. In our series of 23 psoas abscess patients,
      IBD was not a major causative factor. Additionally, to our knowledge, psoas
      abscess complicating ulcerative colitis has not been reported previously.

PMID- 4050766
TI  - Relative weight and risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women.
AB  - Although higher relative weight is generally considered to increase the risk of
      breast cancer, several case-control studies have suggested that the reverse may
      be true among premenopausal women. The association between Quetelet's index (a
      measure of relative weight calculated as weight/height) and the subsequent
      incidence of breast cancer was therefore examined during four years of follow-up
      among a cohort of 121,964 US women who were 30-55 years of age in 1976. In
      contrast to women who had experienced natural menopause or bilateral
      oophorectomy, the incidence of breast cancer among premenopausal women decreased
      with higher levels of relative weight. Age-adjusted relative risks for increasing
      quintiles of Quetelet's index were 1.00, 0.90, 0.90, 0.73, and 0.66 (Mantel
      extension test for trend = -2.82, p = 0.005). This inverse association was not
      explained by known risk factors for breast cancer and was somewhat stronger when
      Quetelet's index was computed using reported weight at age 18 years. The excess
      incidence of breast cancer among lean premenopausal women, however, was limited
      to tumors that were less than 2.0 cm in diameter, were not associated with
      metastases to lymph nodes, and were well-differentiated. These findings suggest
      that the apparent excess risk of breast cancer among lean premenopausal women may
      result at least in part from easier, and thus earlier, diagnosis of less
      aggressive tumors.

PMID- 4050767
TI  - The relationship of plasma carotenoids to health and biochemical factors in
      middle-aged men.
AB  - The relationship between plasma carotenoids, plasma cholesterol, cigarette
      smoking, vitamin supplement use, and intakes of alcohol, vitamin A, and carotene
      were investigated in 1981 for 187 Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial men in
      Pittsburgh. The total plasma carotenoid value was positively correlated with the
      dietary carotene and vitamin A indices (estimated by a food frequency
      questionnaire), vitamin A supplement usage, and plasma cholesterol, and inversely
      related to cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and serum aspartate transaminase.
      The mean plasma carotenoid level was higher in nonsmokers (means = 186
      micrograms/dl, 95% confidence interval (CI) 178-195) as compared with cigarette
      smokers (means = 164 micrograms/dl, 95% CI 151-178) and in vitamin A supplement
      users (means = 206 micrograms/dl, 95% CI 188-224) as compared with nonusers
      (means = 172 micrograms/dl, 95% CI 164-179). Variables associated with the total
      plasma carotenoids in multiple regression analyses included dietary vitamin A and
      carotene, calorie intake, weekly alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, vitamin
      supplement usage, and plasma cholesterol, and accounted for 27% of the variance.
      The total plasma carotenoid value was also highly correlated with plasma beta
      carotene (r = 0.67) and lycopene (r = 0.68). The mean beta-carotene (30
      micrograms/dl), however, accounted for only 16% of the total plasma carotenoids.

PMID- 4050768
TI  - Cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides during
      puberty: the Oslo Youth Study.
AB  - The relationships of serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL)
      cholesterol and fasting triglycerides (adjusted for body mass index, wt/ht2) with
      stages of pubertal development were examined in a Norwegian population of 920
      adolescents, aged 10 to 16 years. For 13- and 14-year-olds, all five stages of
      Tanner's maturity index were represented. For the whole population, total serum
      cholesterol showed a larger decrease when related to sexual maturity stage than
      to chronologic age. For females, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides increased
      significantly when related to age in years; this was not found when related to
      the maturity index. Triglycerides showed a larger increase when related to
      chronologic age in males as compared with sexual maturity stage. Both among 13-
      and 14-year-old males, the most mature had significantly lower values for total
      cholesterol than the least mature. For 12-year-old males, HDL cholesterol
      decreased significantly with increasing sexual maturation. Among females, the
      more mature 12-year-olds had significantly lower values for total cholesterol
      compared with the less mature. Early maturing 13-, 14- and 15-16-year-olds had
      lower levels of HDL cholesterol compared with late maturers. These findings
      suggest that age in years may be a poor index of development in adolescents and
      that a measure of physiologic developmental age should be included in
      epidemiologic studies of serum lipids among adolescents.

PMID- 4050769
TI  - Primary prevention of chronic disease in childhood: changes in risk factors after
      one year of intervention.
AB  - A five-year intervention study of the feasibility and effectiveness of a program
      aimed at the primary prevention of chronic disease was initiated in 1980 among
      children in 22 elementary schools in the Bronx, New York. Schools randomly were
      assigned either to the intervention program or to a control group. The
      intervention program consists of a curriculum focusing on nutrition, physical
      fitness, and cigarette smoking prevention. The study population at baseline
      comprised 2,283 fourth-graders. Subjects were eligible at baseline and at one
      year follow-up for participation in a medical examination in which the following
      target risk factors were measured: systolic and diastolic blood pressures, plasma
      total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, serum thiocyanate,
      ponderosity index, triceps skinfold thickness, and postexercise pulse recovery
      rate. After one year of intervention, systolic pressure increased less in the
      intervention group than among controls. Diastolic pressure decreased in both
      groups, but more in the intervention subjects than in controls. Total cholesterol
      decreased in the intervention group while increasing among controls. Significant
      net changes in the favorable direction also were observed for total
      cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio and for thiocyanate. These observations
      indicate that it is feasible to implement a school-based program aimed at the
      primary prevention of chronic disease. The intervention program appears to have
      had a favorable effect on several target risk factors. Although the effects were
      relatively small, intervention programs in schools may prove to be effective in
      lowering chronic disease risk.

PMID- 4050770
TI  - The Tromso Heart Study: coronary risk factors in Seventh-Day Adventists.
AB  - Seventh-Day Adventists in Tromso showed a coronary risk factor pattern similar to
      Seventh-Day Adventists in other parts of the world. Compared with non-Seventh-Day
      Adventists, serum cholesterol was 1.35 mmol/liter (1974) and 0.83 mmol/liter
      (1979-1980) lower in males and 0.64 mmol/liter (1979-1980) lower in females.
      Blood pressure was lower in Seventh-Day Adventist women. The religiously inactive
      Seventh-Day Adventists had risk factor patterns more similar to non-Seventh-Day
      Adventists.

PMID- 4050771
TI  - Multivariate survival analysis for the assessment of prognostic factors and risk
      categories after recovery from acute myocardial infarction: the Belgian
      situation.
AB  - Twenty-one and a half per cent of the patients with acute myocardial infarction,
      admitted consecutively to the coronary care unit of the University Hospitals of
      Leuven in the period 1973-1979, died within 28 days. The 1,669 who recovered were
      followed between three and nine years. The mortality rate was 13.1% during the
      first year and fell to below 5% in the succeeding yearly intervals. Univariate
      and life table analysis were performed on noninvasive, clinical data collected
      during the coronary care unit stay for the total population and various
      subgroups. The Cox proportional hazards model was applied to the data in order to
      determine the prognostic factors for long-term survival. Of the 34 initially
      selected variables, the most dominant factors were age, Killip class III and IV,
      peripheral vascular disease, abnormal chest x-ray findings, previous infarction,
      and the use of digitalis or diuretics. The model, which was validated
      extensively, allowed the establishment of risk categories. Mortality five years
      after the acute event was 8.2 times more frequent in the highest risk quintile
      than in the lowest one. From this study one may conclude that multivariate
      techniques based on noninvasive variables collected during the coronary care unit
      stay are valuable for the determination of the long-term prognosis of patients
      with myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4050772
TI  - Gallbladder disease epidemiology in Mexican Americans in Starr County, Texas.
AB  - The prevalence of gallbladder disease (surgery or complaints) among Mexican
      Americans in Starr County, Texas, is demonstrated to be some threefold higher
      than in Framingham, with 13% and 26% of males and females, respectively, over the
      age of 35 years having the disease. The population aggregation of gallbladder
      disease in Amerindian groups and those genetically admixed with them (as the
      present case) is consistent with an underlying genetic mechanism which is further
      substantiated here by examining relative risks in sibs, offspring, and spouses of
      individuals with gallbladder disease. It is shown that in females under the age
      of 45 years, there is evidence for a significant association between gallbladder
      disease and diabetes beyond that which could be explained by body mass.
      Significant gallbladder disease by nonlinear age interaction effects was detected
      for serum cholesterol. The predicted regression lines of cholesterol by age were
      uniformly lower for individuals with gallbladder disease than those without it
      except for ages 40-55 years, in which the lines were equal. When coupled with
      previous results on diabetes, the results presented document the extent to which
      diabetes and gallbladder disease dominate the health status of Mexican Americans
      in southern Texas and likely elsewhere.

PMID- 4050773
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome. I. Clinical exclusion of other syndromes by strict and
      screening definitions.
AB  - Several clinical definitions of toxic shock syndrome have been proposed and used
      in extensive epidemiologic and clinical studies. Most of these definitions
      suggest (but usually do not require) that there be sufficient laboratory studies
      to exclude other potentially similar syndromes. Simplified definitions which
      broaden the spectrum of toxic shock syndrome illness have also been proposed but
      not validated. In this study, clinical findings of consecutive hospitalized
      patients were compared: nine with toxic shock syndrome (confirmed by a
      modification of the collaborative strict case definition) and 120 with
      potentially similar diagnoses (bacteremia with shock, meningococcemia,
      Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, scarlet fever, toxic epidermal necrolysis,
      acute rheumatic fever, leptospirosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, rubeola,
      Kawasaki syndrome, erythema multiforme, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome). None of
      the 120 controls satisfied the clinical criteria of the modified strict
      definition of toxic shock syndrome, demonstrating its exclusionary properties
      even in the absence of additional laboratory data. A "simplified" screening
      definition was constructed which might be applied early in illness (i.e., at
      admission) and this definition distinguished all the patients with toxic shock
      syndrome from all but three (2.5%) of the 117 analyzable patients with other
      mucocutaneous or potential infectious shock syndromes. Applied prospectively in
      the state of Colorado passive/active reporting system, the screening definition
      identified 24 potential toxic shock syndrome cases of which 19 (76%) eventually
      were confirmed as toxic shock syndrome. Before being adopted and widely used,
      clinical syndrome definitions should be documented to exclude other potentially
      overlapping syndromes or should require additional mandatory exclusionary
      laboratory data.

PMID- 4050774
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome. II. Estimated occurrence in Colorado as influenced by case
      ascertainment methods.
AB  - Medical records for hospitalized patients between 30 days and 30 years of age at
      two hospitals, one in each of two Colorado counties, were reviewed for possible
      cases of toxic shock syndrome conforming to one or both of two clinical case
      definitions. Patients with toxic shock syndrome were detected in each year from
      1970 through 1982. Fifty patients with possible toxic shock syndrome were
      identified; 14 were males, five were premenarchal females, and the remaining 31
      were females of menstrual age of whom 21 (42% overall) were menstruating at the
      time of illness. The combined annual toxic shock syndrome incidence rate ranged
      between 0.8/100,000 population less than or equal to 30 years of age (1974) and
      9.1/100,000 (1980) with a maximum of 15.8/100,000 (1980) in females between the
      ages of 10 and 30. Incidence curves for males, females less than or equal to 30
      years of age, and females of menstrual age (10-30 years) fluctuated in a
      statistically (p less than 0.02) nonrandom fashion, each peaking in 1979-1980 and
      declining in 1981. In a separate statewide voluntary case reporting system, 103
      cases of toxic shock syndrome of all ages were reported by health care providers
      with onset from 1970-1982. A minimum estimate of 26 (26%) of these were not
      menstrually-associated, occurring in five females prior to menarche, three
      following menopause, three postpartum, and 15 males. Total cases reached an
      annual peak in 1980, declined somewhat in 1981, and increased during 1982 to
      levels comparable to 1980. Less than half (46%) of the strictly defined cases
      actively ascertained in the retrospective hospitalized population study had been
      reported voluntarily to the statewide system. Jurisdictions depending primarily
      on passive toxic shock syndrome case ascertainment techniques, even with periodic
      active solicitations, may not be reliably detecting the majority of cases, and
      those cases which are so reported may be limited by physician perception of
      syndrome spectrum.

PMID- 4050775
TI  - Epidemiologic and laboratory investigation of an outbreak of Campylobacter
      enteritis associated with raw milk.
AB  - An outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred in March-April 1981, in Wichita, Kansas,
      and involved more than 250 persons who drank raw milk from a single local dairy.
      Campylobacter jejuni was recovered from 60 of 116 (52%) persons in households
      that had one or more ill family members. A cohort study of families that belonged
      to a food cooperative that purchased raw milk from the implicated dairy showed a
      significant association between illness and having drunk raw milk. Thirty-nine of
      55 (71%) persons who drank raw milk became ill compared with four of 36 (11%)
      persons who did not drink raw milk (p less than 0.01, t test, accounting for
      clustering). Peak (convalescent) antibody titers to C. jejuni, determined by
      indirect immunofluorescence, in 20 raw-milk drinkers showed a geometric mean of
      1:27 in contrast to geometric mean titer of 1:6 in 10 well persons from the
      cohort who did not drink raw milk (p less than 0.002, t test). C. jejuni was
      recovered from 21 of 34 (66%) raw-milk drinkers, versus none of 26 people who did
      not drink raw milk (p less than 0.001, Fisher's exact test, one tailed). C.
      jejuni of the same serotype was isolated from the case-patients and from rectal
      swabs of cows in the dairy. These findings indicate that raw milk contaminated by
      Campylobacter was the vehicle for this outbreak.

PMID- 4050776
TI  - Seroprevalence of zoonotic toxocariasis in the United States: 1971-1973.
AB  - Demographic characteristics associated with human Toxocara canis infection in
      children aged one to 11 years were investigated using data from the Health and
      Nutrition Examination Survey of 1971 to 1973. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay with larval stage antigen was used to measure the concentration of
      antibodies to T. canis in 1,409 available sera. From 4.6 to 7.3% of the children
      in different geographic regions of the United States have been infected, with
      serologic prevalence approaching 30% among black children of lower socioeconomic
      status aged six to 11 years. For both blacks and whites, higher seroprevalence
      was associated with a rural residence, increased age in children and number of
      persons in the household, and with decreased income, education, and number of
      rooms in the house. Multivariate logistic regression models indicated that blacks
      had higher infection rates than whites, even when socioeconomic factors were
      controlled. Certain critical variables, however, such as exposure to dogs or
      reliable pica histories, were not available for analysis.

PMID- 4050777
TI  - A laboratory-based surveillance of human blastomycosis in Wisconsin between 1973
      and 1982.
AB  - Blastomycosis appears to be prevalent in states around the Great Lakes. However,
      its incidence in these states has not been reported. The Wisconsin Division of
      Health established a laboratory-based surveillance for human blastomycosis in
      Wisconsin to estimate disease incidence and identify endemic areas in the state
      for the interval 1973 to 1982. Certified mycology and pathology laboratories in
      Wisconsin and at two major medical centers in Minnesota were surveyed for all
      laboratory isolates and identifications in tissue of Blastomyces dermatitidis
      obtained in Wisconsin residents during 1973-1982. A total of 235 isolates and
      identifications of B. dermatitidis were obtained; 214 (88%) Wisconsin
      laboratories participated. It was estimated that the annual incidence of
      blastomycosis in Wisconsin for 1973-1982 ranged between 0.32 and 0.72 cases per
      100,000 total population (mean, 0.48 cases/100,000 population). Cases were
      reported in residents from 40 (56%) of the 72 Wisconsin counties. Residents of
      seven counties in northern and central Wisconsin had significantly higher
      incidences of blastomycosis than residents of other counties in which cases were
      documented. The incidence of blastomycosis in Wisconsin for 1973-1982 is similar
      to that noted in Mississippi, Kentucky, and Arkansas where this disease is
      thought to be endemic and where similar surveys have been performed.

PMID- 4050778
TI  - Estimating the population attributable risk for multiple risk factors using case
      control data.
AB  - A straightforward and unified approach is presented for the calculation of the
      population attributable risk per cent (etiologic fraction) in the general
      multivariate setting, with emphasis on using data from case-control studies. The
      summary attributable risk for multiple factors can be estimated, with or without
      adjustment for other (confounding) risk factors. The relation of this approach to
      procedures in the literature is discussed. Given values of the relative risks for
      various combinations of factors, all that is required is the distribution of
      these factors among the cases only. The required information can often be
      estimated solely from case-control data, and in some situations relative risk
      estimates from one population can be applied to calculation of attributable risk
      for another population. The authors emphasize the benefits to be obtained from
      logistic regression models, so that risks need not be estimated separately in a
      large number of strata, some of which may contain inadequate numbers of
      individuals. This approach allows incorporation of important interactions between
      factors, but does not require that all possible interactions be included. The
      approach is illustrated with data on four risk factors from a pair-matched case
      control study of participants in a multicenter breast cancer screening project.

PMID- 4050780
TI  - Re: "Dietary vitamin A deficiencies and stomach cancer".

PMID- 4050779
TI  - On the proposed screening definition for toxic shock syndrome by Todd et al.

PMID- 4050781
TI  - Selected health care maintenance policies in chronic dialysis centers.
AB  - Although a large number of patients are maintained on chronic dialysis, there is
      little information regarding the medical care rendered to these patients. We
      therefore obtained information on health care maintenance policies from 90
      dialysis centers (8,104 patients) selected from each End-Stage Renal Disease
      (ESRD) Network. All centers except one obtained BUN, creatinine, electrolytes,
      calcium, and phosphorus at intervals of 1 month or less; 85% of centers obtained
      a multiple-test laboratory panel at monthly intervals. Annual physical
      examination, ECG, and chest x-ray were performed in 80% or more of the centers.
      Immunization policies varied with 88%, 64%, and 17% of centers offering
      influenza, pneumococcal, and hepatitis B vaccine, respectively. Patterns of
      surveillance for anemia, osteodystrophy, and hepatitis were variable. In view of
      the high frequency and cost of testing, prospective studies to determine optimal
      methods of health care maintenance in the chronic dialysis center are indicated.

PMID- 4050782
TI  - Hyperprolactinemia in patients with renal insufficiency and chronic renal failure
      requiring hemodialysis or chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Hyperprolactinemia is common in patients with renal failure. Because radiographic
      contrast material given during a computed tomographic (CT) scan of the sella as
      part of the evaluation for prolactinoma worsens renal insufficiency, we attempted
      to define the point at which hyperprolactinemia becomes an expected finding in
      patients with renal insufficiency in this study. Of 59 patients with serum
      creatinine levels of 1.5 to 12 mg/dL, 16 (27.1%) were hyperprolactinemic. Of
      these 16, nine were not taking medications known to raise prolactin levels and
      their prolactin levels were less than 100 ng/mL. In the eight patients taking
      medications prolactin levels were much higher. In one patient the prolactin level
      fell from 2,210 to 100 ng/mL when methyldopa was discontinued. In patients with
      chronic renal failure prolactin levels were similar regardless of the method of
      dialysis. We conclude that in the absence of medications known to affect
      prolactin secretion, hyperprolactinemia occurs infrequently (18.3%) and, when it
      occurs, is mild (less than 100 ng/mL). Marked hyperprolactinemia may occur in
      patients taking such medications. These should be stopped and the prolactin level
      rechecked before a CT scan is performed.

PMID- 4050783
TI  - Acute renal failure due to sarcoid granulomatous infiltration of the renal
      parenchyma.
AB  - A 56-year-old female with evidence of multisystem involvement due to sarcoidosis
      presented with acute renal failure. Percutaneous renal biopsy revealed sarcoid
      granulomatous infiltration of the renal parenchyma. Steroid therapy resulted in a
      prompt improvement of renal function. A review of the literature has disclosed 16
      similar cases. Pertinent clinical and laboratory data and treatment regimens are
      discussed.

PMID- 4050784
TI  - Thrombocytopenia associated with intravenous desferrioxamine.
AB  - Desferrioxamine (DFO) was administered intravenously to a 63-year-old chronic
      hemodialysis patient with osteomalacia believed secondary to aluminum
      intoxication. Thrombocytopenia was noted after five doses of DFO. Platelet counts
      normalized after DFO was withheld. Thrombocytopenia recurred upon two
      rechallenges with this drug. It is suggested that platelet counts be monitored in
      hemodialysis patients receiving intravenous DFO.

PMID- 4050785
TI  - Gonococcal peritonitis in a patient treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis (CAPD).
AB  - We report a case of gonococcal peritonitis in a sexually active female on
      continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The presumed route of entry into the
      peritoneal cavity was via the Fallopian tube. The episode responded rapidly to a
      standard antibiotic treatment protocol. Some episodes of culture-negative
      peritonitis may be caused by genital tract organisms which are not cultured by
      routine methods.

PMID- 4050786
TI  - Does pregnancy aggravate primary glomerular disease?

PMID- 4050787
TI  - Pregnancy exacerbates glomerular disease.

PMID- 4050788
TI  - Pregnancy does not exacerbate primary glomerular disease.
AB  - Recent studies of relatively large numbers of gravidas with primary renal disease
      indicate that pregnancy probably does not affect the underlying disease in the
      absence of overt renal insufficiency or hypertension. Women with renal disease
      and near normal function have a moderate risk for encountering a rise in blood
      pressure and decline in renal function during pregnancy, complications that are
      usually manageable and reversible after delivery. There is a substantial risk,
      however, that heavy proteinuria and edema formation may occur toward the latter
      stages of pregnancy, especially in women with preexisting proteinuria, although
      this complication also usually reverses after delivery and does not affect the
      underlying renal disease. The question of the effect of pregnancy on renal
      disease in women with moderate renal insufficiency at the start of pregnancy is
      unanswerable on the basis of available data. Published reports indicate that
      severe hypertension is a major complicating factor during pregnancy in many of
      these women and, on theoretical grounds, may play an important role in
      aggravating the renal lesion. To resolve this question, studies are required in
      which prepregnancy levels of GFR are carefully monitored, a specific diagnosis of
      the underlying renal disease is established, and elevated blood pressure levels
      are normalized during pregnancy.

PMID- 4050789
TI  - Endogenous blockage and delay of the chromosome cycle despite normal recruitment
      and growth phase explain poor proliferation and frequent edomitosis in Fanconi
      anemia cells.
AB  - BrdU-Hoechst flow cytometry was employed to study the proliferation kinetics of
      blood lymphocytes from patients with Fanconi anemia (FA). Compared to controls,
      untreated FA lymphocytes show normal response to PHA stimulation, normal G0/G1
      exit rates, and normal first S-phase durations. The G2 phase of the first cell
      cycle, however, is severely prolonged, and 24% of the recruited population become
      arrested during the first chromosome cycle (S, G2/M phases). The delay suffered
      during G2 appears to be compensated in part by a subsequent G1 phase duration
      that is unusually short for postnatal human cells (3.7 +/- 0.5 hrs). In analogy
      to what has been observed in other cell systems after experimental delays of the
      chromosome cycle, we therefore postulate that at least some FA cells enter their
      second growth phase without prior completion of the delayed chromosome cycle.
      Renewed replication would ensue in such cells without prior passing through
      mitosis and cytokinesis, leading to endoreduplication, which is a frequent
      finding in the FA syndrome.

PMID- 4050790
TI  - Sandhoff disease heterozygote detection: a component of population screening for
      Tay-Sachs disease carriers. I. Statistical methods.
AB  - Serum and leukocyte hexosaminidase profiles (total activity and percent heat
      labile activity levels) in obligate Sandhoff disease (SHD) heterozygotes differ
      from those of obligate Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) heterozygotes and noncarrier
      individuals. We have developed a procedure to identify, with 95% sensitivity,
      carriers of the allele(s) for SHD among individuals screened in a TSD
      heterozygote identification program. Using multivariate statistical methods of
      cluster analysis and discriminant analysis on serum and leukocyte hexosaminidase
      profiles from 102 potential SHD carriers, a linear discriminant function to
      classify individuals as SHD carriers or SHD noncarriers was constructed. This
      function classifies the serum and leukocyte profiles from all 15 obligate SHD
      heterozygotes studied, as those of SHD carriers. A 95% isodensity ellipse derived
      from only the serum hexosaminidase profiles of the 15 SHD obligate carriers has
      been applied to a TSD screened sample of 37,843 Jewish and non-Jewish
      individuals. A potential recall rate of screened individuals for serum retests
      and leukocyte assays of 2.01% has been estimated. These statistical methods
      enhance the TSD heterozygote screening program by permitting one to detect SHD
      heterozygotes within the screened population.

PMID- 4050791
TI  - Defective intramitochondrial NADH oxidation in skin fibroblasts from an infant
      with fatal neonatal lacticacidemia.
AB  - A small-for-gestational-age female infant born at term developed severe lactic
      acidosis and died on day 13 of life. Two previous sibs had also died of
      overwhelming lactic acidosis in the neonatal period. The lactate-to-pyruvate and
      3-hydroxybutyrate-to-acetoacetate ratios were elevated at 136 and 42 to one,
      respectively. The activities of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and pyruvate
      carboxylase in cultured skin fibroblasts were normal but a defect in respiration
      was indicated by the low rates of conversion of 1-[14C]pyruvate, glutamate, and
      lactate to 14CO2 in these cells. Skin fibroblast cultures also displayed an
      elevated lactate-to-pyruvate ratio (72:1) when incubated with glucose as
      substrate compared to control cell cultures (20:1). When mitochondrial
      preparations of skin fibroblasts (prepared by digitonin extraction) were tested
      for their ability to synthesize ATP from a variety of substrates, it was found
      that those of the patient made adequate amounts of ATP with either succinate or
      ascorbate/tetramethyl-phenylenediamine as substrate but not with the NAD-linked
      substrates pyruvate, isocitrate, and palmitoyl carnitine. We propose that this is
      indicative of a defect in the respiratory chain between NADH and coenzyme Q, for
      the first time demonstrable in cultured skin fibroblasts.

PMID- 4050792
TI  - Differences in the error mechanisms affecting sex and autosomal chromosomes in
      women of different ages within the reproductive age group.
AB  - Aneuploidy was assessed in lymphocyte cultures from 16 women aged between 20 and
      50. Between 236 and 1,677 cells were studied per subject and the gains and losses
      of each chromosome recorded. The X chromosome was found to show the same ratio of
      loss to gain (approximately 3:1) at all ages, but the frequency of total
      aneuploidy (loss plus gain) showed a significant increase with age. By contrast,
      there was no clear association of the frequency of autosomal chromosome
      aneuploidy with age, but the ratio of loss to gain was significantly greater in
      younger women (aged 21-35) than in older women (aged 36-50). Thus, X chromosomes
      in females are affected by a mechanism of error different to that affecting
      autosomal chromosomes. Although the ratio of loss to gain changes, the relative
      involvement of the different autosomal chromosomes is unchanged with age. Thus,
      the initial "recruitment" of chromosomes undergoing error is the same in both
      groups, but the "processing" of these chromosomes is different. Since the
      relative involvement of autosomes in aneuploidy mimics their relative involvement
      in displacement, it is proposed that displacement is the initial or "recruitment"
      step in error. "Processing" then commonly involves "chromosome elimination" in
      younger women and more frequent "random segregation" in older women.

PMID- 4050793
TI  - Resolution of genetic and cultural inheritance in twin families by path analysis:
      application to HDL-cholesterol.
AB  - A path model and associated statistical method for the analysis of data on twin
      families are introduced and applied to high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL
      c) observations in the Swedish Twin Family Study. The proposed path model
      incorporates both genetic and environmental sources of familial resemblance,
      maternal environmental effects, intergenerational differences in heritabilities,
      marital resemblance due to either primary or secondary phenotypic homogamy, and
      twin residual environmental correlations. Application of the model to HDL-c
      levels resulted in parameter estimates consistent with those reported in earlier
      reviews and in the analysis of nuclear family and twin data. Genetic heritability
      was estimated as h2 = .363 +/- .243, cultural heritability as c2 = .187 +/- .082,
      and the proportion of phenotypic variance due to residual environmental effects
      as r2 = .450 +/- .207. Although the parameter estimates were comparable, the
      statistical tests of hypotheses were, relative to other designs, of low
      statistical power. It appears that environmental indices are necessary for
      powerful tests of hypotheses.

PMID- 4050794
TI  - Long-term follow-up after single toxic exposure to trichloroethylene.
AB  - In an earlier report [Feldman and Lessell, 1967], neurologic findings following
      acute intoxication to trichloroethylene were presented. Facial anesthesia,
      asymmetric pupillary responses, and electrical evidence of sensorimotor
      neuropathy accompanied neuropsychological deficits, manifested by difficulty in
      solving sequential problems and poor memory affecting the acquisition of new
      information. Twelve years after the initial exposure, patches of hypalgesia over
      the malar eminences persisted and corneal reflexes remained absent, although
      sensation in the snout region was totally normal. Neuropsychological test results
      continued to demonstrate impaired attention and short-term memory as well as
      diminished visuospatial organization and sequencing, 16 years after exposure. In
      addition, MMPI profile and interview suggested continued depressive
      symptomatology. Eighteen years after exposure, findings included paresthesia and
      hypalgesia in the malar area of the face as well as myokymia of the facial
      muscles. Facial nerve latency studies were normal as were pattern shift visual
      evoked responses. The patient continued to have large pupils that reacted
      asymmetrically to light. In the right eye, contraction was synchronous in all
      segments of the sphincter. In the left eye, there was segmental contraction,
      suggestive of a tonic pupil. This report offers evidence of long-term residual
      oculomotor and ciliary reflex dysfunction as well as impaired neuropsychological
      performance as a result of acute TCE intoxication.

PMID- 4050795
TI  - Evaluation of occupational exposure to carbon disulphide by blood, exhaled air,
      and urine analysis.
AB  - This paper compares three analytical methods that may be considered for
      monitoring workers who are exposed to carbon disulphide (CS2). An estimate of the
      uptake of CS2 was assessed by the measurement of "bound" CS2 in blood, CS2 in
      expired alveolar air, and 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) in urine.
      The concentration of TTCA in end-of-shift urine samples was related to exposure
      and appears to be a good measure of uptake of CS2.

PMID- 4050797
TI  - Permissible and control limits of toxic substances at places of work in Japan.

PMID- 4050796
TI  - Competition and despecialization: an analytical study of occupational health
      services in San Diego, 1974-1984.
AB  - Occupational health care services are changing in response to rapid changes in
      health care organization generally; this trend is not reflected in the
      occupational medicine literature. San Diego is a large and rapidly developing
      metropolitan area with a balance of heavy, light, and service industries and is
      relatively isolated and self-contained in health services, making it useful for
      monitoring health services trends. We examined local trends in the supply of
      health services as reflected by facilities, manpower, and other indicators
      between 1974 to 1984. We also assembled findings of local market surveys and
      certain other sources into a profile of occupational health care resources in the
      metropolitan area. Corporate medical departments did not keep up with the growth
      of industry over the decade; freestanding "industrial medicine clinics," by
      contrast, began with a single facility and proliferated to 13. In the last three
      years, freestanding "urgent care centers" entered the health care market in force
      and now outnumber industrial medicine clinics. Despite an overall massive
      increase in the number of physicians in the area, occupational physicians with
      specialty credentials or eligibility remained few and primarily based in
      institutions, while the number of uncertified physicians and of medical groups
      accepting occupational medicine referrals increased considerably. Employers
      reported approval of acute care, traditional screening, and employee assistance
      services far more often than of preventive services, but if they approved of a
      service, they usually provided it, except in the case of employee assistance
      services. We conclude that the role of preventive services and of trained
      personnel in delivering occupational health care is declining, rather than
      increasing, in the face of competition and changes in the general health care
      system. Corporate and in-plant medical services are not keeping up with the
      growth of industry, and no class of health facility matched the growth of
      industrial medical clinics except urgent care centers, with which they are
      beginning to compete. The implications of this study for occupational medicine as
      a specialty, for the standards of patient care, and for the role of prevention is
      a matter of grave concern if they reflect national trends. Further studies of
      occupational health services are urgently needed to assess the significance of
      these findings.

PMID- 4050798
TI  - Occupational safety and health in developing countries.

PMID- 4050799
TI  - The role of the internist in occupational medicine: a position paper of the
      American College of Physicians (September 14, 1984).

PMID- 4050800
TI  - Safety and health in boatbuilding and repair.
AB  - Boatbuilding is a complex, chemically intensive industry which employs
      approximately 43,000 workers in the United States, 77% of them in shops with
      fewer than 20 workers. Boatbuilders and repairers are at high risk of
      occupational injury from falls, lacerations, low back trauma, repetitive motion,
      noise, burns, fires, and explosions. Also they are at risk of acute and chronic
      illness, including dermatitis, toxic hepatitis, peripheral neuropathy, and
      chronic encephalopathy as a result of their occupational exposures to such
      materials as styrene, resins, solvents, paints, welding fumes, and coating
      systems. Boatbuilders also are exposed to toxic woods and to lead. Hazard
      recognition is the first step toward reduction of injury and disease in boat
      building. Control of recognized hazards is achieved through engineering controls,
      ventilation in particular, and through medical surveillance. Strong programs for
      injury prevention and for health and safety education will produce significant
      health and economic benefit in the boatbuilding industry.

PMID- 4050801
TI  - An analysis of exposure to styrene in the reinforced plastic boat-making
      industry.
AB  - To evaluate patterns of occupational exposure to styrene monomer in the boat
      building industry, we conducted industrial hygiene surveys in seven fiberglass
      reinforced plastic boat-fabrication plants. A total of 397 personal breathing
      zone air samples were collected on workers in four key job categories: gel
      coating and hull, deck, and small-parts lamination. We found that exposure to
      styrene in 234 (59%) of the personal samples exceeded the NIOSH-recommended time
      weighted average (TWA) standard of 50 parts per million (ppm), and 96 (24%) of
      these samples exceeded the OSHA eight-hour TWA permissible exposure limit of 100
      ppm. From highest to lowest average exposure potential, the job categories ranked
      in the following order: hull lamination (range 2-183 ppm, mean 78 ppm), deck
      lamination (range 12-160 ppm, mean 73 ppm), gel coating (range 5-94 ppm, mean 48
      ppm), and small-parts lamination (range 9-130 ppm, mean 45 ppm). The former two
      categories composed a higher-exposure group, and the latter two tended to form a
      lower-exposure group. Exposures in these jobs appear to be proportional to resin
      consumption. Statistical analyses indicated that the parameter that most affects
      exposure potential is job category. Within a job category, part size,
      configuration, and surface area are important determinants of exposure. The
      principal reason for high exposures was the absence of control technologies and,
      in particular, the absence of adequate ventilation.

PMID- 4050802
TI  - Mortality patterns among styrene-exposed boatbuilders.
AB  - In order to test the hypothesis that leukemia and lymphoma may be associated with
      exposure to styrene, cause-of-death patterns were studied at two reinforced
      plastic boatbuilding facilities. There were 5,021 workers who met the criterion
      of having worked at the two plants between 1959 and 1978. Based on industrial
      hygiene surveys conducted at the two plants, 2,060 individuals were determined to
      have worked in departments classified as having high exposure to styrene. There
      were 176 deaths observed among the total cohort, in comparison to 195.3 deaths
      expected (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 90). Among the high styrene
      exposure group, 47 deaths were observed in comparison to 41.5 deaths expected
      (SMR = 113). No leukemia or lymphoma deaths were observed in either the high
      exposure group or the total cohort. An excess of accidental deaths among the high
      exposure group (18 observed vs 12.4 expected) did not appear to be due to
      styrene's acute central nervous system effects, since none of the individuals
      were employed at the facilities at the time of their death. However, the
      possibility of a chronic effect could not be dismissed. While leukemia and
      lymphoma did not appear to be related to styrene exposure, the study had little
      statistical power to detect excesses of these diseases, due to the short length
      of observation and the young age of most cohort members. It was concluded that
      the cohort should provide increasingly useful information on chronic styrene
      toxicity as the population ages and the observation period increases.

PMID- 4050803
TI  - Styrene vapor control systems in FRP yacht plants.
AB  - The production of large (greater than 25-ft) fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP)
      yachts has presented problems of styrene exposure in excess of the Occupational
      Safety and Health Administration permissible exposure level (OSHA PEL) of 100
      ppm. Also, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is
      currently recommending a 10-hour workshift, 40-hour workweek time weighted
      average (TWA) of 50 ppm for styrene. Meeting this challenge will require a system
      of engineering, work practice, personal protective equipment, and monitoring
      control measures. NIOSH has performed a study of the engineering controls in
      three FRP yacht plants. Work practices and the use of personal protective
      equipment (PPE) were also considered in the evaluation. The three systems
      evaluated included a dilution system, a local ventilation system, and a push-pull
      ventilation system. The cost of constructing and operating these systems was not
      evaluated in this study. Study results indicated that each type of ventilation
      system can meet the present PEL of 100 ppm styrene; however, it is not certain
      that these systems can meet a lower PEL of 50 ppm styrene.

PMID- 4050804
TI  - Occupational lead exposure aboard a tall ship.
AB  - To evaluate occupational exposures to lead in shipfitters cutting and riveting
      lead-painted iron plates aboard an iron-hulled sailing vessel, we conducted an
      environmental and medical survey. Lead exposures in seven personal (breathing
      zone) air samples ranged from 108 to 500 micrograms/m3 (mean 257 micrograms/m3);
      all were above the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard
      of 50 micrograms/m3. In two short-term air samples obtained while exhaust
      ventilation was temporarily disconnected, mean lead exposure rose to 547
      micrograms/m3. Blood lead levels in ten shipfitters ranged from 25 to 53
      micrograms/dl (mean, 37.8 micrograms/dl); levels in three of these workers
      exceeded the upper normal limit of 40 micrograms/dl. Blood lead levels in
      shipfitters were significantly higher than in other shipyard workers (mean 10.0
      micrograms/dl; p less than 0.001). Smoking shipfitters (mean, 47 micrograms/dl)
      had significantly higher lead levels than nonsmokers (mean, 32 micrograms/dl; p =
      0.03). Lead levels in shipfitters who wore respirators were not lower than in
      those who wore no protective gear (p = 0.68). Four shipfitters had erythrocyte
      protoporphyrin (EP) concentrations above the adult upper normal limit of 50
      micrograms/dl. A close correlation was found between blood lead and EP levels (r
      = 0.70). Prevalence of lead-related symptoms was no higher in shipfitters than in
      other workers. No cases of symptomatic lead poisoning were noted. These data
      indicate that serious occupational exposure to lead can occur in a relatively
      small boatyard.

PMID- 4050805
TI  - Educating hospital decision-makers about pharmacists' intervention.

PMID- 4050806
TI  - Increased use of continuous narcotic infusions.

PMID- 4050807
TI  - Comparing i.v. drug delivery systems.

PMID- 4050808
TI  - Additional ways to inform physicians of therapeutic alternatives.

PMID- 4050809
TI  - Assistance from community pharmacists in identifying generic drug products.

PMID- 4050810
TI  - Improving patient-oriented pharmacy services: what the director can do.
AB  - How pharmacy directors can further the development of patient-oriented services
      is described. A philosophy of responsibility for patient outcomes instead of for
      specific functions is necessary for achieving pharmacy's full potential. Overall,
      pharmacy practice today does not reflect this sense of responsibility for drug
      use control. Management that encourages greater accountability; a mission
      statement and goals; specific definitions of performance criteria; evaluation of
      services in terms of patient-care outcomes; and increased interaction with
      physicians, nurses, and hospital administrators are needed. A director can guide
      pharmacists in a recommitment to professional services that will result in
      positive patient-care outcomes.

PMID- 4050811
TI  - Improving patient-oriented pharmacy services: what the individual pharmacist can
      do.
AB  - How individual pharmacists can improve patient-oriented services is described.
      Pharmacists practicing on patient-care units should assess how they can, by
      meeting the needs of other health-care providers, contribute to better drug
      therapy. They should examine how changes in the drug distribution system can
      allow more flexibility for providing services on the patient-care unit. They
      should promote appropriate drug use by identifying problems and bringing these to
      the attention of the providers involved. Individual pharmacists can be assigned
      to patient-care units to coordinate drug therapy and patient education. They
      should document their activities. Individual pharmacists can take responsibility
      not only for their own actions but also for the actions of other health-care
      professionals associated with drug therapy.

PMID- 4050812
TI  - Improving patient-oriented pharmacy services: panel discussion.
AB  - A panel discussed ways to improve patient-oriented pharmacy services, drawing on
      the proceedings of a recent conference on directions for clinical practice in
      pharmacy. Clinical pharmacy should be defined in terms of responsibility rather
      than by a list of specific functions. Pharmacists are responsible for drug use,
      not just for dispensing; this implies responsibility for educating physicians and
      nurses to ensure optimal patient outcomes. Clinical practice cannot be separated
      from pharmacy practice; although pharmacy practice requires different kinds of
      tasks, all have the goal of patient care. Pharmacists can exercise their
      responsibility for control of drug use without prescriptive authority or mandated
      review of physician prescribing. Pharmacists can increase their influence on drug
      therapy through the formulary system and through their physical presence on
      patient-care units. A mission statement that recognizes responsibility for
      patient outcomes can serve as the basis for a management system that supports
      clinical practice. The panel members believed that pharmacy leaders at the
      conference were unified by a commitment to increase the profession's clinical
      orientation.

PMID- 4050813
TI  - Pharmacist-directed heparin therapy using a standard dosing and monitoring
      protocol.
AB  - Use of a protocol for pharmacist determination of heparin sodium dosages
      administered by continuous i.v. infusion was evaluated by retrospective chart
      review in a California hospital. Charts of adult medical-surgical patients who
      received heparin infusions between June 1982 and December 1983 were reviewed for
      the following information: patient sex, age, and reason for receiving heparin;
      times, dates, numbers, and values of coagulation tests before and during heparin
      therapy; times, dates, and values of prothrombin time determinations during
      conversion to warfarin therapy; and times, number, and costs of heparin
      infusions. Charts were divided into two groups: those of patients for whom
      physicians prescribed heparin doses empirically and those of patients for whom
      physicians requested heparin dosing by the pharmacy department. Data were
      evaluated for 62 patients in the physician-dosed group and 26 patients in the
      pharmacy protocol group. Pulmonary embolism was the reason for heparin therapy in
      34% of the physician-dosed patients and only 15% of the pharmacist-dosed
      patients. Pharmacists using the protocol ordered fewer anticoagulation tests and
      fewer heparin infusions per patient. Time from the start of heparin therapy to
      therapeutic anticoagulation was shorter in patients whose heparin dose was
      determined by the protocol, and values in the therapeutic range were achieved in
      a greater percentage of these patients than in the empirically dosed patients.
      Pharmacists using a standard dosing protocol effectively initiated and maintained
      heparin therapy that compared favorably with physician-dosed empiric therapy.

PMID- 4050814
TI  - Pharmacist competency certification in aminoglycoside dosing.
AB  - A pharmacist competency-certification program was developed to train and evaluate
      newly hired pharmacists, provide continuing education and skills development for
      staff pharmacists, and standardize clinical pharmacy practice at a 940-bed
      teaching hospital. A pretest, self-teaching module, and written final examination
      were developed; the total program can be completed in approximately one month.
      The self-teaching module contains 37 pages of factual material on the
      pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, antimicrobial spectra, cost, relative toxicities,
      and dosing and monitoring techniques for aminoglycoside antibiotics. The pretest
      and final examination consist of 20 multiple-choice questions based on actual
      patient cases. Following its initial implementation, 21 of 49 staff pharmacists
      elected to complete the program. There was an equal representation of pharmacist
      trainees, novice pharmacists, and experienced clinical pharmacists. All three
      groups demonstrated improvement over pretest scores. The trainees and novice
      pharmacists showed the greatest improvement. This program defines a standard of
      practice and provides a continuing-education tool. Because of its success, the
      program has been mandated in the orientation of all clinical pharmacists.

PMID- 4050815
TI  - Complying with workers' right-to-know legislation.
AB  - The development of a manual of drug monographs about the handling of
      antineoplastic agents that complies with the Minnesota Right-to-Know Act is
      described. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations
      require manufacturers to provide employees with information about dangerous
      substances they handle as part of their jobs. OSHA regulations exclude the health
      care job sector and drugs, but many states have passed workers' right-to-know
      acts that include pharmacies. Under the Minnesota Workers' Right-to-Know Act,
      many antineoplastic drugs are classified as hazardous substances. The Minnesota
      law applies to all employers, who must provide information and training to all
      employees who handle these agents. At Midway Hospital in St. Paul, a manual
      containing information about antineoplastic drugs was developed by the pharmacy
      department to comply with Minnesota law. The drug monographs were written by
      pharmacy personnel using information received from drug companies and published
      articles. The manual was used to teach technicians as well as members of the
      oncology-unit nursing staff and nursing personnel at a nearby clinic about
      handling antineoplastic agents. Pharmacy directors in states with right-to-know
      laws must determine whether the health-care job sector and drugs are covered and,
      if so, implement policies to teach employees about the handling of these toxic
      agents.

PMID- 4050816
TI  - Stability of cefonicid sodium in infusion fluids.
AB  - The chemical stability of cefonicid sodium in infusion fluids was analyzed.
      Cefonicid sodium vials were reconstituted and diluted with sterile water for
      injection and other commonly used intravenous fluids to concentrations of 325,
      220, 40, 20, and 5 mg/mL. Cefonicid concentration was analyzed by high
      performance liquid chromatography initially and after storage at room temperature
      and 5 degrees C. Reconstituted vials were frozen as long as eight weeks, thawed,
      and kept at room temperature and 5 degrees C and then analyzed. Cefonicid sodium
      reconstituted in each of the diluents studied exhibited no change in clarity and
      very little change in potency after 24 hours at room temperature and after 72
      hours at 5 degrees C. Some vials with high concentrations became turbid between
      72 and 96 hours at 5 degrees C. The thawed vials were chemically stable for 24
      hours at room temperature and for 96 hours at 5 degrees C. When reconstituted
      with sterile water for injection and other commonly used intravenous fluids,
      cefonicid sodium vials and small-volume infusions are chemically stable for 24
      hours at room temperature and for 72 hours at 5 degrees C. Reconstituted
      cefonicid sodium vials can be frozen and stored for as long as eight weeks,
      thawed, and then kept at room temperature for 24 hours or at 5 degrees C for 72
      hours.

PMID- 4050817
TI  - Stability of intravenous admixtures of aztreonam and clindamycin phosphate.
AB  - The stability of aztreonam and clindamycin phosphate in intravenous admixtures
      was studied. Each of the following combinations of drugs was added to both 5%
      dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection: aztreonam 20 mg/mL and
      clindamycin phosphate 6 mg/mL; aztreonam 20 mg/mL and clindamycin phosphate 3
      mg/mL; aztreonam 10 mg/mL and clindamycin phosphate 6 mg/mL; and aztreonam 10
      mg/mL and clindamycin phosphate 3 mg/mL. One of each of these admixtures was
      stored at 22-23 degrees C for 48 hours and at 4 degrees C for seven days. At
      various storage times the admixtures were inspected for visual changes and 1-mL
      samples were examined microscopically for crystalline and particulate matter,
      tested for pH, and assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography. No
      visual changes were observed. The pH of admixtures decreased only slightly during
      storage. Concentrations of aztreonam and clindamycin phosphate under both storage
      conditions decreased by less than 10%. Intravenous admixtures of aztreonam and
      clindamycin phosphate at the concentrations studied are stable for at least 48
      hours at 22-23 degrees C and at least seven days at 4 degrees C.

PMID- 4050818
TI  - Documenting pharmacists' services in a hospital pharmacy satellite.

PMID- 4050819
TI  - Proceedings of a symposium. Silent myocardial ischemia. Anaheim, California,
      March 8, 1985.

PMID- 4050820
TI  - Clinical problems in coronary disease are caused by wide variety of ischemic
      episodes that affect patients out of hospital.
AB  - Transient ischemia arising from proximal events in epicardial coronary arteries
      causes important symptoms, such as angina pectoris, and is usually studied in the
      hospital with provocative tests. However, Holter monitoring of ST-segment
      disturbances in patients out of the hospital has shown frequent asymptomatic
      evidence of ischemia that is surprisingly prolonged and that is not associated
      with the obvious tachycardia of exercise or stress. Positron emission tomography
      has been developed to measure the regional myocardial uptake of a cation
      (rubidium-82) in order to assess repeatedly the directional changes in regional
      coronary blood flow during these events. This method has been used to show that
      both symptomatic and asymptomatic episodes of ST depression are reliably
      associated with disturbances in regional myocardial perfusion. The daily
      activities of patients have been analyzed and reproduced in the hospital to
      assess the effects of cold stimulation, mental arithmetic, cigarette smoking, and
      exercise. Physical exercise was associated with angina, ST-segment change, and
      regional abnormalities of myocardial perfusion, including decreased perfusion in
      poststenotic segments. The other tests caused the same disturbances in myocardial
      perfusion; these perfusion disturbances were mostly asymptomatic and surprisingly
      prolonged, with periods of recovery that were two to five times longer than the
      ST-segment disturbance and the pain. Current studies using a structured diary
      indicate that the episodes of transient ischemia occurring out of the hospital
      are more frequently associated with different levels of mental arousal than with
      any other activity. Physical exercise is a relatively infrequent cause of
      transient ischemia. The examination of coronary blood flow using provocative
      tests derived from the patients' own activities out of the hospital have
      confirmed that, irrespective of the pattern of angina, patients have frequent
      episodes of asymptomatic transient ischemia that are surprisingly prolonged and
      that these episodes occur in response to previously unsuspected ordinary daily
      activities. The disturbances in coronary blood flow usually include a regional
      decrease in myocardial perfusion that can only be explained by pathophysiologic
      events in the proximal epicardial coronary arteries.

PMID- 4050821
TI  - Clinical evaluation of transient myocardial ischemia during daily life.
AB  - Ambulatory ST-segment monitoring has been introduced in an attempt to obtain an
      objective measure of transient myocardial ischemia during daily life. Serial
      observations conducted out of the hospital have produced a picture of the nature
      and activity of ischemic heart disease that differs markedly from that obtained
      by conventional assessment. Episodes of transient ischemia appear to be more
      frequent and prolonged than is suggested by the occurrence of chest pain.
      Furthermore, only a minority of episodes are associated with tachycardia, and
      most occur at heart rates well below those achieved during exercise testing. This
      suggests that mechanisms other than an excessive increase in myocardial oxygen
      demand may be responsible for the many episodes occurring outside the hospital.
      Accurate interpretation of this new information depends on the reliability of
      transient ST-segment depression as a marker of ischemia. In 100 normal
      volunteers, episodes of significant ST-segment depression similar to that
      observed in patients with angina were rare (2 percent). Positron emission
      tomography with rubidium-82 was used to study regional myocardial perfusion
      during transient ST-segment depression with and without pain in patients with
      angina and coronary disease. All episodes of painless ST-segment depression and
      97 percent of episodes with angina were accompanied by tomographic evidence of
      ischemia. This much broader view of ischemic heart disease, revealed by studies
      performed out of the hospital during patients' ordinary daily activities, has
      important implications for the objective assessment of symptoms, the relief of
      ischemia, and the prevention of myocardial damage.

PMID- 4050822
TI  - Silent myocardial ischemia: classification, prevalence, and prognosis.
AB  - In the United States there may be four to five million patients with silent
      myocardial ischemia, including approximately 50,000 asymptomatic patients who
      have had myocardial infarction, one to two million asymptomatic patients with no
      history of myocardial infarction or angina, and three million patients with
      angina. The prognosis for patients who have had infarction and for patients with
      angina varies, but, in general, it is worse for patients with more extensive
      disease because sudden cardiac death may be the only clinical sign in
      asymptomatic patients. Silent myocardial ischemia is an important public health
      issue; it is hoped that its detection may prevent many episodes of sudden cardiac
      death annually.

PMID- 4050823
TI  - Mixed ischemic subsets. Comparison of the mechanisms of silent ischemia and mixed
      angina.
AB  - The traditional concept of myocardial ischemia precipitated by increases in the
      myocardial demand for oxygen is well accepted for patients with fixed coronary
      atherosclerosis. Recently, however, observations of abnormal vasomotor tone in
      the coronary artery bed have suggested that vasoconstriction at an
      atherosclerotic site may be a primary cause of decreases in the myocardial supply
      of oxygen. This has led to a classification of mixed ischemic subsets
      characterized by the superimposition of an increased myocardial oxygen demand on
      a decreased myocardial oxygen supply. The subsets are defined by several clinical
      parameters, including unstable angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction,
      malignant ventricular arrhythmias, mixed angina pectoris, and asymptomatic or
      silent ischemia. Holter monitoring, electrocardiography, and evaluations of wall
      motion have confirmed the existence of asymptomatic ischemic episodes that far
      outnumber episodes of angina in patients with stable angina pectoris. This
      concept has considerable diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

PMID- 4050824
TI  - Mechanisms of ischemic cardiac pain and silent myocardial ischemia.
AB  - The mechanisms of cardiac ischemic pain remain obscure. It is unknown whether
      ischemia causes cardiac pain by the release of chemical substances or by
      mechanical stretching. It is also unknown whether ischemia activates specific
      nociceptors and pain fibers or mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors. In patients
      who have both painful and painless ischemic episodes, a certain minimal duration
      and severity of ischemia are necessary but insufficient to explain the presence
      of pain, since very severe ischemia of long duration can be silent. Thus, central
      transmission of painful stimuli and the pain perception threshold appear to play
      major roles in determining the presence or absence of pain. The emotional state
      and psychologic expectations of patients may affect their perception and
      threshold of pain considerably.

PMID- 4050825
TI  - Effect of sulfonylurea therapy on plasma lipids and high-density lipoprotein
      composition in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - To assess the effects of sulfonylurea therapy on plasma lipids and high-density
      lipoprotein composition, 11 obese diabetic Pima Indians with type II, or non
      insulin-dependent, diabetes mellitus were studied before and after tolazamide
      therapy for one month. Diet composition and weight were kept constant, and the
      data were compared with a control group of 18 age-, sex-, and weight-matched non
      diabetic subjects. Improvement of glycemic control was accompanied by significant
      decreases in total and very-low-density lipoprotein triglycerides. Total and low
      density lipoprotein cholesterol also declined significantly, and there was an
      increase in the ratio of high-density lipoprotein to low-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol. Concentrations of total high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,
      phospholipid, and apolipoprotein AI were unchanged. An increase in the proportion
      of the high-density lipoprotein 2 subfraction, however, was suggested by
      significant increases in the ratios of high-density lipoprotein 2 to high-density
      lipoprotein 3 cholesterol and apolipoprotein AI. There was also a change in the
      composition of the high-density lipoprotein 2 particle, as indicated by changes
      in the molar ratio of cholesterol to apolipoprotein AI. The data suggest that
      improvement of glycemic control after sulfonylurea therapy, when weight and diet
      composition remain constant, reverses several of the lipoprotein abnormalities
      observed in type II diabetic patients. There was no evidence of changes in
      lipoproteins in directions associated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis.

PMID- 4050826
TI  - Glomerular mesangium: its function and relationship to angiotensin II.
AB  - The glomerular mesangium is composed of mesangial cells and an intercellular
      material, the mesangial matrix. Partly because of its unique anatomic location,
      the mesangium appears to be susceptible to immune- and non-immune-mediated
      injury. Mesangial cells have characteristics similar to smooth muscle cells, and
      their surface is covered with receptors that bind a variety of vasoactive
      substances. The glomerular mesangium seems to play an important role in the
      physiologic regulation of the glomerular microcirculation. There is evidence that
      a plasmic flow carrying macromolecules circulates through the mesangium. Changes
      in glomerular hemodynamic determinants and in the release and/or production of
      vasoactive substances, particularly angiotensin II, can greatly influence the
      mesangial movement of macromolecules. Quantitative and/or qualitative alterations
      in the mesangial movement of macromolecules may lead to mesangial injury.

PMID- 4050827
TI  - Ventricular arrhythmias during pulmonary artery catheterization in the intensive
      care unit.

PMID- 4050828
TI  - Benefit of the doubt.

PMID- 4050829
TI  - Cardiac surgery for adults with mental retardation. Dilemmas in management.
AB  - In summary, cardiac surgery for adults with mental retardation raises a series of
      controversial legal, economic, ethical, medical, and nursing dilemmas. During the
      past 20 years, many improvements have taken place in the care of these patients.
      However, in the future, judicial and statutory mandates requiring high-quality
      medical care for persons with mental retardation may conflict increasingly with
      hospital cost-control legislation and thereby affect clinical decisions. For
      example, it is conceivable that elective repair of an ostium secundum atrial
      septal defect in an asymptomatic patient will expend the limited resources
      necessary to carry out emergency revascularization in a symptomatic patient with
      impending myocardial infarction. This issue becomes even more delicate when the
      asymptomatic patient is a mentally retarded ward of the state, and the
      symptomatic patient is a middle-aged man supporting a wife and several college
      age children. There may be no easy solution to this problem, and it will provide
      the grist for many bioethicists. Fortunately, from a practical point of view, we
      do not currently have to choose between these patients to receive treatment. Our
      hope is that health care for mentally retarded patients will not be compromised.
      We believe that decisions about patient management should be based on enlightened
      clinical judgment rather than on preconceived notions about this population. In
      the quest for optimal health care delivery, the special needs of these patients
      should be considered when cardiac catheterization and possible cardiac surgery
      are contemplated. Although we have presented an approach to a patient with
      cardiac disease requiring cardiac surgery, we believe that this approach can be
      utilized for any retarded patient requiring acute medical care. Currently,
      because there has not been much training in this area, many physicians and nurses
      lack first-hand experience in caring for the mentally retarded. This inexperience
      may lead to difficulty in making appropriate decisions. Therefore, we advocate
      additional exposure in medical and nursing school curricula to the complex health
      care needs of this population. In conclusion, there appear to be two major issues
      that pose dilemmas: first, acceptance of the rights of this population to optimal
      medical management and, second, implementation of appropriate diagnostic and
      therapeutic strategies.

PMID- 4050830
TI  - Trousseau's syndrome. Devastating coagulopathy in the absence of heparin.
AB  - Two patients with Trousseau's syndrome experienced frequently recurring
      concomitant arterial and venous thrombotic events that resulted in sequential
      amputation and loss of the lower extremities. Serial examination of the blood in
      the patients demonstrated that these devastating thrombotic events were preceded
      by severe disseminated intravascular coagulopathy that occurred within an
      interval of a few hours. Warfarin therapy was without effect in preventing the
      occurrence of these events. Both patients demonstrated the absolute need for
      intravenous heparin, which effectively prevented the thrombotic events; when it
      was discontinued, the immediate consequences were disastrous and resulted in
      death. Techniques for long-term outpatient heparin therapy are discussed.

PMID- 4050831
TI  - Normal results of post-race thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging in marathon
      runners with elevated serum MB creatine kinase levels.
AB  - Elevated cardiac enzyme values in asymptomatic marathon runners after competition
      can arise from skeletal muscle through exertional rhabdomyolysis, silent injury
      to the myocardium, or a combined tissue source. Peak post-race levels of the MB
      isoenzyme of creatine kinase are similar to values in patients with acute
      myocardial infarction. Previously reported normal results of infarct-avid
      myocardial scintigraphy with technetium 99m pyrophosphate in runners after
      competition suggest a non-cardiac source but cannot exclude silent injury to the
      myocardium. Therefore, thallium 201 myocardial perfusion imaging was performed in
      runners immediately after competition together with determination of sequential
      cardiac enzyme levels. Among 15 runners tested, the average peak in serum MB
      creatine kinase 24 hours after the race was 128 IU/liter with a cumulative MB
      creatine kinase release of 117 IU/liter; these values are comparable to those in
      patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction. Thallium 201 myocardial
      scintigraphic results were normal in five runners randomly selected from those
      who volunteered for determination of sequential blood levels. Serum lactate
      dehydrogenase isoenzymes showed only a peripheral pattern of release. It is
      concluded that elevations of serum MB creatine kinase in marathon runners arise
      from a skeletal muscle source and that thallium 201 myocardial scintigraphy is
      useful to assess runners for myocardial injury when clinical questions arise.

PMID- 4050832
TI  - Evaluation of prognostic classifications for patients with syncope.
AB  - To evaluate two published sets of prognostic classifications for patients with
      syncope, 176 consecutive patients who presented to an emergency room with syncope
      were studied. Although relatively few patients had cardiac syncope, these data
      confirmed their high one-year mortality. At the other extreme, it was also
      confirmed that patients who were 30 years of age or less or 70 years of age or
      less and had vasovagal/psychogenic syncope or syncope of unknown cause had a
      benign prognosis, with only two deaths in 225 patients in pooled data. However,
      these data did not confirm the previously reported prognoses for "medium-risk
      patients" or for patients with diagnosable noncardiovascular causes of syncope,
      largely because of differences in criteria for patient eligibility. It is
      concluded that available data allow over 70 percent of patients with syncope to
      be placed into either very-high or very-low-risk groups. However, further
      investigation, taking into account differences in patient selection criteria,
      will be required before accurate prognostic classifications can be derived for
      the nearly 30 percent of patients who do not fall into one of these extreme
      prognostic categories.

PMID- 4050833
TI  - Extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Experience of a community hospital and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Extrapulmonary tuberculosis accounted for 37 percent of all new cases of active
      tuberculous infection identified at a 522-bed community hospital during an 11
      year period. Forty-five foci of extrapulmonary infection were diagnosed in 38
      patients. Involvement of the genitourinary system, lymphatic system, and
      respiratory system, other than the lung, was most common and accounted for 58
      percent of all infections. Presenting symptoms were protean and often resulted in
      long delays between onset of symptoms and eventual diagnosis. Foreign birthplace,
      prior history of or exposure to tuberculosis, constitutional symptoms, febrile
      course, and anemia were important findings suggesting the diagnosis. Results of
      tuberculin skin tests were positive in 31 of 34 patients. Chest radiography
      demonstrated abnormalities in 25 of 38 patients. Cultures showed growth of
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 27 of 39 affected sites, and caseating granulomas
      were identified in 31 instances. It is concluded that extrapulmonary tuberculosis
      remains an important infectious disease problem despite the overall decrease in
      the national incidence of tuberculosis.

PMID- 4050834
TI  - Hypercalcemia and rib destruction in a 37-year-old man.

PMID- 4050835
TI  - Long-term low-dose glucocorticoid therapy associated with remission of overt
      renal tubular acidosis in Sjogren's syndrome.
AB  - Renal tubular acidosis and focal interstitial inflammatory cell infiltrate
      secondary to Sjogren's syndrome remitted with low-dose glucocorticoid therapy
      over five and one half years in a patient with associated mild systemic lupus
      erythematosus. Such response has not been previously documented. This observation
      may have therapeutic applications for renal tubular acidosis associated with
      Sjogren's syndrome that deserve further investigation.

PMID- 4050836
TI  - Hepatitis in an adult with rubella.
AB  - Rubella accompanied by serum aminotransferase elevations occurred in a 24-year
      old woman. Although not generally recognized, hepatic involvement in adult
      rubella was the probable cause of her liver function test abnormalities. Sporadic
      hepatitis labeled as non-A, non-B may result from infection by common viruses
      such as rubella.

PMID- 4050837
TI  - Cautopyreiophagia. Cause of life-threatening hyperkalemia in a patient undergoing
      hemodialysis.
AB  - A male patient undergoing hemodialysis in whom the cause of severe hyperkalemia
      (more than 8 mmol/liter) was found to be an unusual pica is described. His pica
      consisted of ingestion of burnt match heads (cautopyreiophagia). The potassium
      content of his daily consumption of burnt matches added 80 mmol to his 45 mmol
      dietary potassium intake. Hypogeusia and hypozincemia were documented. Oral zinc
      supplementation (zinc sulfate 220 mg per day for 10 weeks) normalized his plasma
      zinc level and taste acuity. He abandoned his pica and his plasma potassium level
      dropped significantly to 5.5 to 6 mmol/liter. It is suggested that inquiry about
      pica should be part of the dietary history in patients with renal failure.

PMID- 4050838
TI  - Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome due to dexamethasone nasal drops.
AB  - Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome presents all of the metabolic and immunologic
      abnormalities of the disease plus a suppressed hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
      axis. Most of the time the intake of steroids is quite evident, but occasionally
      it is not. This report presents such a patient who was using dexamethasone nasal
      drops for allergic rhinitis and in whom Cushing's syndrome developed. Five other
      similar cases were found in the literature. All except one were reported from
      outside the United States where these nasal steroid preparations are easily
      obtained over the counter. Absorption through the nasal mucosa and partly through
      the intestinal mucosa after a portion of the dose is swallowed is the mechanism
      of the systemic effect. Treatment consists in the discontinuation of the
      intranasal steroid preparation and tapering doses of prednisone to cover the
      secondary adrenal insufficiency until the axis recovers. Patients with Cushing's
      syndrome and suppressed levels of ACTH and cortisol should be asked about steroid
      intake, including nasal sprays and drops, particularly if they come from outside
      the United States. All of the cases reported occurred with dexamethasone. The
      newer intranasal steroids (beclomethasone and flunisolide) are not absorbed as
      readily through the nasal mucosa and are inactivated in the liver after
      gastrointestinal absorption. Therefore, it is not expected that they will produce
      Cushing's syndrome or adrenal suppression.

PMID- 4050839
TI  - Echocardiographic demonstration of pulmonary embolism as it evolves through the
      right heart chambers.
AB  - In three patients with pulmonary embolism, two-dimensional echocardiography
      demonstrated thrombi within the right heart chambers. These thrombi, suspected of
      embolizing into the pulmonary circulation, showed varied morphology and mobility.
      Of the two patients undergoing embolectomy, only one survived. The third patient
      improved with anticoagulation therapy. Two-dimensional echocardiography is useful
      in evaluating patients suspected of having pulmonary thromboembolism because it
      may demonstrate evolution of the thrombus.

PMID- 4050840
TI  - Stevens-Johnson syndrome due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in an adult.
AB  - A case of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (erythema multiforme major) due to Mycoplasma
      pneumoniae infection in a 45-year-old man is presented. This association has been
      previously reported only in children and young adults. A brief review of erythema
      multiforme, including the Stevens-Johnson syndrome, is described. M. pneumoniae
      should be added to the list of causes of the Stevens-Johnson syndrome in adults
      with pneumonia.

PMID- 4050841
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of calcium channel blockers at rest and during exercise in
      essential hypertension.
AB  - The main hemodynamic disturbance occurring in patients with essential
      hypertension is an increase in the total peripheral resistance. In young patients
      with hypertension, this disturbance is clearly seen during muscular exercise,
      even though the calculated resistance might be normal during rest. This article
      reports results of studies on the long-term hemodynamic effects of two calcium
      channel blockers, verapamil and nifedipine, in patients with mild to moderate
      hypertension. Twenty-five men, aged 20 to 64 years, with diastolic blood
      pressures between 100 and 120 mm Hg before treatment were studied at rest and
      during exercise on ergometer bicycles. Blood pressure was recorded intra
      arterially, and cardiac output was measured. After this initial study, 10
      patients were treated with verapamil (from 40 to 80 mg, three times daily) and 15
      patients with nifedipine (long-acting form, from 40 to 80 mg daily). After one
      year, the hemodynamic study was repeated. Both drugs induced a reduction in blood
      pressure and in the total peripheral resistance without any reduction in the
      cardiac index. Verapamil reduced heart rate, particularly during exercise, but
      this effect was compensated by an increase in the stroke volume. The hemodynamic
      profile of these two calcium channel blockers clearly differs from the
      hemodynamic effects of beta blockers.

PMID- 4050842
TI  - Efficacy and safety of sublingual nifedipine in hypertensive emergencies.
AB  - Hypertensive emergencies are a diverse group of disorders characterized by a
      marked elevation of systemic arterial pressure that is associated with acute end
      organ dysfunction. The efficacy and safety of sublingual nifedipine were
      evaluated in 16 men and 14 women (mean age 65 +/- 14 years) who had hypertensive
      emergencies. Before treatment, mean systolic blood pressure was 224 +/- 23 mm Hg,
      mean diastolic blood pressure was 125 +/- 18 mm Hg, and the average mean arterial
      pressure was 158 +/- 16 mm Hg. Administration of 10 or 20 mg of sublingual
      nifedipine initiated a smooth and predictable decline in blood pressure values
      within five minutes and produced a peak effect between 30 and 60 minutes. At 30
      minutes, the decreases in the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure,
      and mean arterial pressure for the group were 49 +/- 24 mm Hg, 31 +/- 17 mm Hg,
      and 39 +/- 20 mm Hg, respectively, all of which were highly significant (p less
      than 0.001). By 60 minutes, nifedipine had decreased the diastolic blood pressure
      to less than 120 mm Hg in 97 percent of patients, less than 110 mm Hg in 93
      percent, and less than 100 mm Hg in 67 percent. Fourteen patients required other
      antihypertensive medications within the first 12 hours for the antihypertensive
      effect to be maintained. In this group, the systolic, diastolic, and mean
      arterial pressures were significantly lower than baseline values (p less than
      0.001) at the time that the other drugs were started (which occurred at a mean of
      4.3 +/- 3.2 hours after entry into the study). The response to nifedipine
      correlated with the blood pressure value prior to treatment, but did not
      correlate with age, gender, value prior to treatment, but did not correlate with
      age, gender, or the type of hypertensive emergency. Twenty mg of nifedipine
      produced a significantly greater antihypertensive effect than did 10 mg during
      the first 20 minutes (176 +/- 15 mm Hg versus 201 +/- 18 mm Hg systolic; p =
      0.009) and appeared to be more efficacious clinically. In only two of 30 patients
      (7 percent) was the blood pressure response considered inadequate, and all 10
      patients with pulmonary edema or myocardial ischemia showed clinical improvement
      within 60 minutes of treatment. In one patient, flushing and another symptom
      suggestive of transient symptomatic hypotension developed after treatment with
      nifedipine. These results suggest that sublingual nifedipine is a safe,
      effective, and practical agent for treating patients with hypertensive
      emergencies.

PMID- 4050843
TI  - Treatment of hypertensive emergencies with the calcium channel blocker
      nifedipine.
AB  - The severe elevations in blood pressure that occur in hypertensive emergencies
      pose a serious threat to life or vital organ functions. However, use of
      antihypertensive agents to acutely reduce blood pressure during hypertensive
      emergencies may cause deficits in the perfusion of the central nervous system or
      the heart. Therefore, a knowledge of cerebral blood flow regulation during acute
      treatment of hypertensive emergencies is indispensable. Experience with the
      calcium channel blocker nifedipine in the acute treatment of patients with
      hypertensive emergencies has shown that this agent has a pronounced vasodilatory
      effect, especially in vessels with a high vasoconstrictor tone, and that it does
      not reduce cardiac output or cerebral blood flow. The drug is highly efficacious
      and safe, and reports of serious side effects are rare. However, nifedipine
      should be used with caution in patients with suspected or proved critical
      arteriosclerotic stenosis of the cerebral arteries, because a reduction in
      perfusion pressure with any drug places these patients at risk for development of
      ischemic symptoms. Nifedipine can be used as a first-line drug for acute
      reduction of blood pressure in patients with hypertensive emergencies.

PMID- 4050844
TI  - The use of pergolide and lisuride, two experimental dopamine agonists, in
      patients with advanced Parkinson disease.
AB  - Pergolide, an experimental dopamine agonist, was administered to 56 patients with
      advanced Parkinson disease who were no longer satisfactorily responding to
      levodopa, including 45 patients with diurnal oscillations in performance: "on
      off" phenomena. Lisuride, an experimental dopamine agonist was administered to 63
      patients with advanced Parkinson disease. Pergolide or lisuride, when added to
      levodopa, resulted in a significant decrease in disability in both the "on" and
      the "off" period, and an increase in the number of hours in which patients were
      "on". Forty-one of 56 patients (73%) improved on Pergolide. Thirty-seven of 63
      patients (59%) improved on lisuride. Mean dose of pergolide was 2.5 mg. (range
      0.2 to 10.0 mg.). Mean dose of lisuride was 2.6 mg. (range 0.2 to 5.0 mg.).
      Pergolide was discontinued in 18 patients because of adverse effects, including
      an organic confusional syndrome (six patients), dyskinesias (four patients) and
      cardiovascular abnormalities (three patients). Lisuride was discontinued in 26
      patients because of adverse effects, including an organic confusional syndrome
      (15 patients), dyskinesias (five patients) and vasospasm (two patients).
      Pergolide was discontinued in nine patients and lisuride in 12 because of a lack
      of effect or a declining effect. Both drugs are equally useful in patients with
      advanced Parkinson disease.

PMID- 4050845
TI  - Pregnancy in a woman with the Brachmann-de Lange syndrome.
AB  - We present the first reported pregnancy in a woman with the Brachmann-de Lange
      syndrome. This 24-year-old primagravid woman was originally seen at 13 weeks of
      pregnancy with manifestations consistent with this diagnosis. High-resolution
      chromosome studies, performed on lymphocytes, showed a normal 46,XX chromosome
      constitution. Because of the stage of pregnancy at which she presented, a genetic
      amniocentesis was simultaneously performed for chromosome analysis on the fetal
      cells, which were also normal (46,XX). The uncomplicated pregnancy was monitored
      carefully and at 37 1/2 weeks of gestation she delivered a clinically normal
      appearing female infant.

PMID- 4050846
TI  - Brachmann-de Lange syndrome: evidence for autosomal dominant inheritance.
AB  - We have evaluated a family in whom a mildly affected mother and her two severely
      affected sons have manifestations of the Brachmann-de Lange syndrome suggesting
      that some cases of this disorder are inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion.
      Documentation of the clinical phenotype in two generations of this family permits
      further delineation of the phenotypic spectrum of the disorder. The fact that
      most affected patients represent sporadic cases in otherwise normal families
      might represent the inability of severely affected individuals to reproduce.

PMID- 4050847
TI  - Further delineation of the dup(3q) syndrome.
AB  - Three patients with duplication of 3q regions ranging from 3q25----qter to the
      entire long arm provide additional documentation of the dup(3q) malformation
      syndrome. Data on 40 cases now reported define a characteristic face with
      hirsutism, synophrys, broad nasal root, anteverted nares, downturned corners of
      the mouth, micrognathia, and malformed ears recognizable even in the 30-week
      fetus and distinct from that of the Brachmann-de Lange syndrome. Other
      characteristic anomalies include congenital heart anomalies involving primarily
      septal defects, hand malformations including simian creases, abnormal
      dermatoglyphics, clinodactyly or camptodactyly, omphalocele, skeletal anomalies,
      and genitourinary malformations. Severe mental and growth retardation are common
      in those patients (64%) who survive the first year. Chromosome study of relatives
      is extremely important for counseling because only 10 of 40 cases represented de
      novo duplications.

PMID- 4050848
TI  - An autosomal dominant syndrome of characteristic facial appearance, preauricular
      pits, fifth finger clinodactyly, and tetralogy of Fallot.
AB  - This report describes six relatives with a syndrome of mild prenatal-onset growth
      deficiency, an altered craniofacial appearance, preauricular pits, and
      clinodactyly of the fifth finger; three had tetralogy of Fallot. The clinical
      impact of this condition appears to be related to the severity of the cardiac
      defect. Autosomal dominant inheritance is implied by the occurrence of the
      disorder in three successive generations with documented male-to-male
      transmission. Recognition of this syndrome is important in counseling families
      regarding recurrence risk for tetralogy of Fallot.

PMID- 4050849
TI  - Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy with cochlear hearing loss and tortuosity of
      retinal vessels.
AB  - We report on a mother and her three children with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy
      (FSHD), sensorineural hearing loss, and marked tortuosity of the retinal vessels.
      Initially the children presented with speech difficulties and hearing deficit.
      Hearing loss ranged from mild to severe. An audiologic evaluation, including
      brain stem auditory evoked responses in all patients, indicated a cochlear origin
      of hearing loss and intact pathways from the cochlea to the temporal lobe. The
      association of FSHD with hearing loss and tortuosity of the retinal vessels
      suggests previously unrecognized pleiotropy of FSHD (McKusick 15890) or a "new"
      type of FSHD.

PMID- 4050850
TI  - Dominant inheritance of syn-camptodactyly of the second and third toes with foot
      and lower limb asymmetry and scoliosis.
AB  - We describe a family in whom affected persons have the following anomalies in
      variable combination: camptodactyly of the second and/or third toes, partial
      syndactyly of second and third toes, foot and lower limb asymmetry, and
      scoliosis. The condition seems to be an autosomal dominant trait with apparently
      reduced penetrance and variable expressivity.

PMID- 4050851
TI  - The inheritance of spontaneous amyloidosis development in mice: a model for
      hereditary threshold metabolic disorders.
AB  - To study the inheritance of spontaneous amyloidosis development in mice, we
      crossed the LLC strain (with a high incidence) with the A/J strain (with a low
      incidence) and with the HLC strain (with a zero incidence of amyloidosis). We
      produced the F1 and a backcross generation to each parental strain in each cross.
      Examination of the spleen, liver, and kidneys of each mouse for the presence of
      amyloid was made between age 15 and 18 months. The data fit neither a dominant
      nor a recessive single gene hypothesis for the development of amyloidosis. In
      consideration of amyloidosis as a hereditary threshold character, we developed an
      additive gene model. Subsequently, a test for fitness of the observed percentages
      to the expected percentages in the backcross generations was made according to
      this model. The observed percentages of amyloidosis in the spleens, livers, and
      individual mice agreed with the expected percentages in the LLC X A/J crosses but
      not in the LLC X HLC crosses. Therefore, we conclude that for the development of
      amyloidosis, a difference exists at one locus between LLC and A/J and at more
      than one locus between LLC and HLC. The probability of development of amyloidosis
      in an individual depends on the effects of the genes at these loci. For
      hereditary metabolic disorders that cannot be explained by either a single
      dominant or recessive gene hypothesis, this genetic model may be useful to test
      whether the development of the disease is due to additive effects of genes.

PMID- 4050852
TI  - Johanson-Blizzard syndrome with normal intelligence.
AB  - We report a brother and sister with apparent Johanson-Blizzard syndrome and
      normal intelligence. There is a wide range of intellectual abilities of persons
      with Johanson-Blizzard syndrome. No phenotypic predictors of ultimate
      intellectual function were found in the literature.

PMID- 4050853
TI  - Serum CK-MB activity in progressive muscular dystrophy: is it of nosologic value?
AB  - Serum creatine-kinase (CK) isoenzyme MB was measured in 53 patients affected by
      different types of myopathies (20 with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), eight
      with the Becker form (BMD), ten with the limb-girdle form (LGMD), six with the
      facioscapulohumeral form (FSH), and nine affected by polymyositis and in 21
      normal control subjects). The aim of this study was to compare each group with
      the control individuals and to assess the nosologic value of CK-MB activity among
      some clinically similar dystrophies, which may have an important application for
      genetic counseling. A statistically significant increased CK-MB activity was
      found only in the Duchenne and Becker patients when compared with control persons
      (p less than 0.05). When the different groups of patients were compared among
      themselves, no significant difference was found between DMD and BMD or LGMD and
      polymyositis. However, a significant difference was found between BMD and LGMD.
      Based on these data, it is possible, through discriminant analysis, to estimate
      the relative biochemical probability of an isolated male patient belonging to
      either group.

PMID- 4050854
TI  - The syndrome of retinal pigmentary degeneration, microcephaly, and severe mental
      retardation (Mirhosseini-Holmes-Walton syndrome): report of two patients.
AB  - We report on two daughters, born to consanguineous parents, who had severe mental
      retardation, microcephaly, retinal pigmentary degeneration, and spastic cerebral
      palsy. We think that this syndrome is the same as that described by Mirhosseini
      et al [1972] (McK-26805). The presence of consanguinity favors the hypothesis of
      autosomal recessive inheritance.

PMID- 4050855
TI  - Partial duplication of distal 17q.
AB  - A male propositus and an older sister had a similar pattern of congenital
      anomalies, including facial asymmetry with hypertelorism, frontal bossing and
      temporal narrowness, a broad nasal bridge, epicanthal folds, a wide mouth with a
      thin upper lip, micrognathia, webbed neck, low-set posteriorly angulated ears,
      and an abnormal hairline. There was also postaxial polydactyly, flexion
      contractures of the digits, hypotonia, and a congenital heart anomaly. The
      propositus also had renal anomalies whereas the sister did not, and the sister
      had a cleft lip and palate not present in her brother. The propositus and a
      subsequent fetus identified through genetic amniocentesis were determined to have
      a 46, XY, -18, +der(18),t(17;18)(q25.1;q23)mat chromosome constitution. Clinical
      findings are compared to those of other reported cases of dup(17q).

PMID- 4050856
TI  - Creatine-kinase and pyruvate-kinase activities in normal children: implications
      in Duchenne muscular dystrophy carrier detection.
AB  - Serum creatine-kinase (CK) and pyruvate-kinase (PK) levels were determined in 201
      boys and girls less than 15 years old to establish values and to investigate a
      possible correlation between enzyme activity, sex, and age. It was observed that
      the mean CK activity in boys was significantly higher than in females (of all
      ages), whereas it did not differ statistically between girls and women. A slight
      but significant correlation between CK activity and age was found only in
      females. The mean PK activity in children was significantly greater than in adult
      women and it decreased significantly with age in children of both sexes.
      Furthermore, a slight correlation between CK and PK was observed only in girls.
      Based on these results, we suggest that the results of CK and PK determinations
      of females at risk for Duchenne muscular dystrophy should be compared with
      controls of comparable age and sex.

PMID- 4050857
TI  - The Okihiro syndrome of Duane anomaly, radial ray abnormalities, and deafness.
AB  - We report on a child with Duane anomaly, deafness, cervical spine, and radial ray
      abnormalities. A sister of the proposita had hemifacial microsomia, cervical
      abnormalities, and hypoplasia of the thenar eminence. Four relatives had
      hypoplasia of the thenar eminence. A fifth had preaxial polydactyly. Duane
      anomaly was present in two sixth-degree relatives. This appears to be an
      autosomal dominant trait. Singly or in combination the abnormalities seen in this
      family have all been described in association with Duane anomaly. Their
      occurrence in the same family suggests that they are not independent entities but
      represent pleiotropic effects of the same gene.

PMID- 4050858
TI  - New syndrome: a digito-reno-cerebral syndrome.

PMID- 4050859
TI  - Cystic hygroma and hydrops fetalis in dup(11p) syndrome.

PMID- 4050860
TI  - Partial pyruvate decarboxylase deficiency with profound lactic acidosis and
      hyperammonemia: responses to dichloroacetate and benzoate.
AB  - We describe the successful use of sodium benzoate in a neonate with
      hyperammonemia associated with congenital lactic acidosis caused by a partial
      deficiency of the E1 component of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH); of note, this
      biochemical disturbance has not been previously described in PDH deficiency. The
      pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in skin fibroblasts had 48% of normal activity
      with a deficiency of the E1 component. The infant presented with rapid onset of a
      severe metabolic lactic acidosis, hyperventilation, hyperammonemia, and coma. At
      30 hours of age continuous peritoneal dialysis was started; however, plasma NH3
      concentrations remained in the 300-400 micrograms/dl range over the next 12
      hours. Sodium benzoate, 250 mg/kg, was infused intravenously with a decrease in
      plasma ammonia of 25 micrograms/dl/hr. Hippurate was documented in the urine and
      peritoneal fluid after benzoate therapy. At 10.5 months of age, 50 mg/kg
      dichloroacetate was administered orally under fasting conditions, which resulted
      in a 56 and 62% reduction in the serum lactate and pyruvate levels, respectively;
      after 2 weeks on dichloroacetate his fasting levels were significantly decreased.
      Fibroblast PDH activity responded similarly to this drug. In our patient sodium
      benzoate was rapidly effective in producing a decline in plasma ammonia that was
      associated with clinical improvement. We feel that its use in organic acidemias
      deserves further evaluation and, furthermore, that any child with suspected PDH
      deficiency requires a clinical trial of dichloroacetate.

PMID- 4050861
TI  - Smith-Fineman-Myers syndrome: report of a third case.
AB  - Smith et al [1980] described two brothers with mental retardation, short stature,
      and unusual facial appearance. Here we describe an unrelated male who resides in
      the same institution and who appears to have the same condition. This syndrome is
      probably inherited in an autosomal or X-linked recessive manner.

PMID- 4050862
TI  - Significance of acquired nonrandom 7/14 translocations.
AB  - We have detected eight patients with a single metaphase having a 7/14
      translocation. In all cases, the breakpoint on chromosome 14 was 14q12, while the
      breakpoint on chromosome 7 was 7q35 in three cases and 7p13 in five cases. The
      factors that may be involved in these nonrandom translocations are discussed.

PMID- 4050863
TI  - Report of a case and further delineation of the SHORT syndrome.
AB  - We describe a boy with the manifestations of the SHORT syndrome: lipoatrophy,
      delayed speech development, minor facial anomalies, clinodactyly, and short
      stature. In addition, this boy had deafness, which was not previously reported in
      the SHORT syndrome.

PMID- 4050864
TI  - Familial aggregation of small congenital nevomelanocytic nevi.
AB  - We investigated the genetic aspects of congenital nevomelanocytic nevi (CNN) by
      comparing the prevalence rate of CNN in sibs of probands to that of CNN in
      newborn infants. Probands included all individuals with small (less than 40 mm)
      CNN registered photographically during 1982 in a children's hospital dermatology
      service. A CNN was defined on the basis of gross appearance and presence
      (according to parents) within the first 2 weeks of life. The 39 probands with
      small CNN had a total of 65 sibs. Eight of the 65 (12.3%) also had one or more
      small CNN. This prevalence rate in sibs is 11 times the population-based
      prevalence rate of CNN in newborn infants (1.1%) based on a published report
      surveying newborn infants in the same city within the past decade. In five of our
      39 study families we also detected an affected parent with CNN. We conclude that
      small CNN may aggregate in families. Autosomal dominant inheritance with
      incomplete penetrance or multifactorial determination could account for this
      observation.

PMID- 4050865
TI  - Familial microtia, meatal atresia, and conductive deafness in three siblings.
AB  - We report on three sibs with right-sided microtia, meatal atresia, and conductive
      deafness. Two of the sibs also had right-sided palatoplegia. These sibs may have
      the autosomal-recessive form of microtia (No. 25180, McKusick [1983]), of which
      few familial cases are known to date. The malformation is due to a disturbance of
      the development of the first and second branchial arches. Review of the
      literature shows that microtia and meatal atresia with or without middle-ear
      involvement are developmental field defects which, either isolated or as a part
      of the facio-auriculo-vertebral spectrum, may occur (1) sporadically, (2) as
      component manifestation of syndromes, (3) as a multifactorial, or (4) as an
      apparent Mendelian trait.

PMID- 4050866
TI  - Trisomy 14 mosaicism with t(14;15)(q11;p11) in offspring of a balanced
      translocation carrier mother.
AB  - A 2-year-old girl with growth and developmental retardation, minor facial
      anomalies, asymmetry of face and body, tetralogy of Fallot, and reticular
      hyperpigmentation of the skin was found to have mosaic trisomy 14 involving a
      t(14;15)(q11;p11). The patient showed mosaicism for 46,XX cell line, apparently
      resulting from a break of the translocation chromosome and a subsequent loss of
      14q. The mother has a balanced translocation t(14;15)(q11;p11). Inherited trisomy
      14 has not been reported previously.

PMID- 4050867
TI  - A mildly retarded woman with 46,XX/47,XX, + 18 mosaicism.
AB  - We describe a mildly retarded woman with trisomy 18 mosaicism. The phenotype did
      not suggest trisomy 18, but the mild mental retardation, asymmetric face with
      bushy eyebrows and thick lips, short stature, and older maternal age raised the
      suspicion of a chromosomal cause for her condition.

PMID- 4050868
TI  - Autosomal recessive syndrome of sacral and conotruncal developmental field
      defects (Kousseff syndrome).
AB  - Kousseff [1984] reported on three sibs with an autosomal recessive syndrome of
      sacral meningocele, conotruncal heart defects, and minor anomalies of head and
      neck. We report on a fourth case and discuss the findings from a developmental
      field perspective and the ramifications for genetic counseling.

PMID- 4050869
TI  - Cystic fibrosis in Ontario.
AB  - The incidence of cystic fibrosis in Ontario, Canada has been determined from
      clinical data, from the cystic fibrosis database of the Hospital for Sick
      Children, Toronto, and from population statistics in the Province of Ontario. The
      survey included 420 confirmed cases of cystic fibrosis born during the period
      1966-1980. The mean incidence during this period was one in 2,927. In the last 5
      year period, a decline was noted in incidence that may have reflected in part the
      effectiveness of early diagnosis and genetic counseling in affected families.
      During the period of the survey, over 60% of cases were diagnosed within the
      first year of life, 74% by age 2 years, and 90% by age 5 years. Clinical
      diagnosis in the first year of life was more common in males (65%) than in
      females (54%), a consistent finding during the period of the survey. The
      incidence of meconium ileus was 15.7% of ascertained cases of cystic fibrosis,
      with similar incidences in males (16.4%) and females (14.4%). Although survival
      has not been the subject of this survey, mortality in the neonatal period was
      significantly higher in males than in females with cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 4050870
TI  - Chorionic villi sampling: women's attitudes.
AB  - To determine the acceptability of chorionic villi sampling (CVS) to women
      eligible for prenatal diagnosis, we undertook a survey to identify aspects of
      this new procedure that made it more or less preferable than amniocentesis. All
      women greater than or equal to 35 years scheduled for amniocentesis were asked to
      read some detailed descriptive material about amniocentesis and CVS, to rate the
      importance of the specific differences between procedures, and to indicate which
      procedure they would prefer, first considering each difference between them
      independently and then considering all the factors jointly. In the absence of
      precise estimates of CVS-associated risk at the time of the survey, almost equal
      proportions preferred amniocentesis and CVS (50.2 and 45.1%, respectively). Risk
      information was the most important factor to women preferring amniocentesis; the
      timing of the test or nature of the termination procedure was most important to
      those preferring CVS. In the hypothetical case where CVS was stipulated to have
      the same attributable risk as amniocentesis, 82% of respondents would prefer it.
      However, if the spontaneous abortion rate following CVS was stipulated to be 5%
      more than the amniocentesis risk, preferences reversed and only 22% would still
      prefer it. Thus, the data suggest that the ultimate acceptability of the new
      procedure for women over 35 years seeking prenatal diagnosis will depend on the
      risk associated with it and underscore the importance of ongoing trials aimed at
      establishing this risk.

PMID- 4050871
TI  - Fragile X and Martin-Bell syndrome: new source of information.

PMID- 4050872
TI  - Excess thymidine induces folate sensitive fragile sites.
AB  - Folate sensitive fragile sites on human chromosomes have been found to be
      inducible in cultured lymphocytes by high levels of thymidine but not by high
      levels of BrdU. The biochemical interpretation of events leading to fragile site
      expression has been revised since it is now clear that low levels of either
      thymidylate or deoxycytidine triphosphate will result in this phenomenon. A model
      for the DNA at a fragile site, composed of alternating repeating
      polypurine/polypyrimidine sequences is proposed.

PMID- 4050873
TI  - Coping resources and parenting mentally retarded children.
AB  - Four broad dimensions of coping resources (utilitarian resources, energy/morale,
      general and specific beliefs, and social support) were assessed with a sample of
      140 mothers of mentally retarded children. The dimensions were related to a
      measure of the adequacy of parental coping, i.e., Questionnaire on Resources and
      Stress-Friedrich Factor 1, Parent and Family Problems. Three of the four
      categories of coping resources were significant contributors in a regression
      analysis and contributed additional variance beyond that of behavioral and
      physical problems of the child. For validational purposes, 104 of these mothers
      were reexamined 10 months later. The original analysis was supported, and changes
      in marital satisfaction were related to an increase in parent and family problems
      over the elapsed time span.

PMID- 4050874
TI  - Correlates of peer-related social competence of developmentally delayed preschool
      children.
AB  - The peer-related social interactions of 33 developmentally delayed preschool
      children were examined. Measures of social participation and individual social
      behaviors were obtained during free-play periods and correlated with assessments
      of language development, MA, and teacher-rated social competence and behavior
      problems. Results suggested the existence of major deficits in peer-related
      social interactions for delayed children and the absence of specific individual
      social behaviors highly associated with peer-related social competence. Mental
      age was positively correlated with social play but unrelated to not playing at
      all. Although language comprehension was related to social interaction,
      expressive language did not correlate with any of the key measures. Teacher-rated
      behavior problems were associated with not playing, even when MA was controlled.
      Findings were discussed in terms of the congruence between the developmental
      processes of normally developing and delayed children as well as their clinical
      implications.

PMID- 4050875
TI  - Work response of mildly mentally retarded adults to self- versus external
      regulation as a function of motivational orientation.
AB  - The Picture Motivation Scale was administered to 144 mildly mentally retarded
      adults from a community-based intermediate care facility. Those in the top and
      bottom quartiles on intrinsic motivation were classified as either relatively
      task intrinsically motivated or task extrinsically motivated and were assigned to
      behavior regulation conditions: self-regulated reinforcement, externally imposed
      reinforcement, or control. All subjects were given a work task consisting of
      placing washers into successive compartments of a container, with subjects in the
      external-reinforcement condition yoked to those in the self-regulation condition
      with respect to work goal and number of tokens received for their work. Across
      conditions intrinsically motivated subjects worked harder than did extrinsically
      motivated subjects; all of them worked harder under conditions of regulation of
      reinforcement matched to their motivational orientation (i.e., intrinsically
      motivated subjects under self-regulation, extrinsically motivated subjects under
      externally imposed reinforcement) than under the contrary condition. When not
      rewarded, intrinsically motivated subjects showed more sustained performance than
      did extrinsically motivated subjects. The importance of matching self-regulation
      expectations to individual differences in motivational orientation of retarded
      persons being prepared for relatively independent living was discussed.

PMID- 4050876
TI  - Mentally retarded workers' reactions to their jobs.
AB  - Reactions of 34 mentally retarded employees to their jobs were examined in a
      field study conducted at a sheltered workshop. Three experienced social workers
      observed a group of retarded employees whose job was assembling toys. The workers
      were then interviewed on their perceptions of and reactions to their job
      characteristics and supervision, and these were related to performance data that
      included performance time, productivity, and effort ratings. Results showed that
      performance measures were related to perceived job characteristics and that
      growth-need strength (people's needs for personal development and achievement)
      affected these relationships. On the basis of these results, we discussed the
      feasibility of using motivation models for retarded workers that were designed
      for nonretarded workers.

PMID- 4050877
TI  - Effects of physical training on cardiovascular fitness and behavior patterns of
      mentally retarded adults.
AB  - The effects of training on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and body weight
      of 5 mentally retarded adults were examined. These residents of an intermediate
      care facility volunteered to participate in a 23-week physical-training program.
      Supervised training sessions were held 4 to 6 days per week with attendance
      optional. Subjects were assessed for VO2 max and body weight changes before and
      after the training program. Results indicated that subjects attended the exercise
      sessions an average of 3.1 times per week and covered an average distance of 9.0
      km/week. Their body weight was reduced by 3.6 kg and VO2 max increased 43%.
      Further favorable behavior changes occurred during the course of the physical
      training program.

PMID- 4050878
TI  - Maintenance and transfer of training by mentally retarded young adults on the
      Tower of Hanoi problem.
AB  - The training, maintenance, and transfer performance of mildly and moderately
      mentally retarded young adults on the Tower of Hanoi problem was measured in two
      separate experiments. Results indicated that the training method was effective to
      the extent that performance on trained problems was improved and these
      performance gains were maintained over periods of 9 and 13 weeks. Generalization
      to two transfer tasks was very limited, however.

PMID- 4050879
TI  - Developmental progressions and regressions in the selective remembering
      strategies of EMR individuals.
AB  - Developmental changes in the use of strategies to eliminate interference from
      irrelevant information in memory were investigated. The participants in the first
      experiment were 11-, 15-, and 18-year-old EMR students, and those in the second
      experiment were 30-year-old retarded and nonretarded adults. In both experiments
      a directed forgetting paradigm was used in which the person was presented two
      sets of pictures but only recalled one set on a trial. On some trials there was a
      cue to forget the first set and to remember only the second set. The cue to
      forget was not used by the youngest group of students. The 15- and 18-year-olds
      used the cue, but interference from the to-be-forgotten items remained. The 30
      year-old retarded group regressed to the performance pattern of the youngest
      group, whereas the nonretarded adults used appropriate selective remembering
      strategies. The implications of developmental changes in the memory performance
      of retarded persons were discussed.

PMID- 4050880
TI  - Skin potential responses of mentally retarded children during nocturnal sleep.
AB  - Skin potential responses (SPRs) of 38 mentally retarded children were studied
      during their nocturnal sleep. One subject exhibited no SPRs; 19 of the 37
      subjects showed more SPRs (Type A); 11, no predominant ones (Type B); and 7,
      fewer SPRs (Type C) during quiet sleep (no rapid eye movements, NREM sleep) than
      in active sleep (REM sleep). Types B and C tended to be observed more frequently
      for subjects with abnormal clinical EEGs than for those with normal clinical
      EEGs. Because investigators have established that nonretarded subjects of 3
      months and over exhibit Type A, SPRs may be used as an additional assessment for
      diagnosis of mental retardation in early infancy.

PMID- 4050881
TI  - Nocturnal sleep of severely mentally retarded children and adolescents: ontogeny
      of sleep patterns.
AB  - The development of nocturnal sleep of 79 mentally retarded children and
      adolescents (from 6 months to 20 years of age) was studied. Polygraphic
      recordings were carried out while the subject was in bed, and routine sleep
      parameters were measured. Total sleep time and percentage of Stage REM (rapid eye
      movements) decreased and awake time tended to increase with age. These values
      were similar to those previously found for age-matched nonretarded subjects.
      Results showed that the basic function of the sleep-waking system of retarded
      children seems to develop normally with age.

PMID- 4050882
TI  - Thyroid and vitamin-mineral supplement fail to improve IQ of mentally retarded
      adults.
AB  - Institutionalized profoundly mentally retarded adults (N = 37) were studied to
      determine whether thyroid medication is an essential component of a recently
      introduced nutritional supplementation treatment. Biochemical assessments
      confirmed that compliance with the treatments was adequate; however, no
      significant IQ improvements were observed.

PMID- 4050883
TI  - Self-reports of depression by community-based mildly mentally retarded adults.
AB  - Three self-report measures of depression were administered to mildly mentally
      retarded adults who lived in the community. The measures were significantly
      correlated, and on two of the measures subjects scored significantly higher than
      did nonretarded adults according to norms. Almost half of the subjects scored in
      the "clinically significant" range on the two measures. Results suggest that
      mildly retarded adults may experience depression at a higher rate than do
      nonretarded persons.

PMID- 4050884
TI  - Pathophysiological approach to patients presenting with hypernatremia.

PMID- 4050885
TI  - Fibronectin and deposits of fibrinolytic components in glomerular capillary
      walls.
AB  - The distribution of fibronectin (FN) and the depositions of fibrinolytic
      components in human renal glomeruli with a variety of pathologic disorders were
      examined on biopsy specimens by immunofluorescence and immunoenzymatic methods.
      In a majority of the cases with thickening of capillary walls and/or with fibrin
      deposits in the capillary walls, staining for FN along the walls of the capillary
      loops (capillary pattern) was noted in addition to the staining in the mesangial
      area. In the capillary pattern with fibrin deposition, deposits of alpha 2
      plasmin inhibitor and plasminogen, which are major components of the fibrinolytic
      system, were also seen along the capillary walls with a high frequency of
      occurrence. Plasminogen deposits, however, were found only in the glomeruli with
      deposits of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor. There was no direct relationship between
      the degree of proteinuria and the appearance of the capillary pattern of FN or
      the deposition of the fibrinolytic components. These findings suggest that the
      appearance of FN in the walls of the capillary loops has some causal relationship
      with the local activation of blood coagulation factors which is frequently
      followed by activation of the fibrinolytic enzyme system.

PMID- 4050886
TI  - Ultrastructural observations of chronic uremic lungs with special reference to
      histochemical and X-ray microanalytic studies on altered alveolocapillary
      basement membranes.
AB  - Electron microscopic observations of chronic uremic lungs were carried out in 6
      uremic patients with special reference to histochemical and X-ray microanalytic
      studies on the altered alveolocapillary basement membranes. Epithelial damage
      varying from edematous swelling of the epithelial cells to total disruption and
      desquamation of the epithelium was often present. Although degenerative changes
      of capillary endothelium such as swelling and vacuolization of the endothelial
      cells were not infrequently demonstrated, total destruction of the endothelium
      was rarely seen. The interstitial changes included focal accumulation of edema
      fluid, particularly in the pericapillary spaces, patchy fibrosis, and increased
      cellularity. Particularly interesting were the altered alveolocapillary basement
      membranes which showed irregular thickening, lamination, and fragmentation.
      Irregular electron densities with derangement of internal ultrastructures were
      often observed in the matrices of isolated uremic lung basement membranes. The
      anionic binding sites characterized by cationized ferritins appeared to be
      irregularly and loosely arranged on the surfaces and in the interior of isolated
      basement membranes. In addition, abnormal deposition of aluminum was consistently
      detected in the precipitates of isolated basement membranes. From the
      aforementioned results we conclude that the present investigation provides the
      morphological data at the ultrastructural and molecular level to explain many of
      pulmonary physiological alterations and clinical manifestations exhibited by
      patients with chronic uremia.

PMID- 4050887
TI  - Effect of low-dose dopamine on effective renal plasma flow and glomerular
      filtration rate in 32 patients with IgA glomerulopathy.
AB  - Low doses of dopamine are known to increase renal blood flow without influencing
      heart rate or systemic blood pressure. Indeed this effect was observed in 32
      patients with IgA glomerulopathy. A concomitant increase in glomerular filtration
      rate (GFR), however, was only observed in patients with a baseline GFR greater
      than or equal to 73 ml/min/1.73 m2. Moreover, the change in GFR during dopamine
      infusion increased with increasing baseline GFR. We conclude that in IgA
      glomerulopathy nephron loss is compensated for by a progressive utilization of
      the kidney's functional reserve capacity which seems exhausted when compensated
      GFR falls below 73 ml/min/1.73 m2.

PMID- 4050888
TI  - Salt subtraction in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Efficacy and
      limitations.
AB  - In 6 hypertensive patients with terminal renal failure maintained on
      hemodialysis, the effects of 'salt subtraction' and of sequential ultrafiltrating
      were evaluated. Following each of 3 weekly hemodialysis sessions, salt
      subtraction was carried out by ultrafiltrating 1 liter and simultaneously
      infusing an equal volume of 5% dextrose. This resulted in a net sodium loss
      without hypovolemia. After a 2-week period of this procedure, the blood pressure
      prior to dialysis was lower (156/76 +/- 12/5 mm Hg) than after a comparable
      number of sequential ultrafiltration sessions (181/88 +/- 10/6 mm Hg; mean +/-
      SEM). This difference was not statistically significant. At the same time, body
      weight was comparable at 64.4 +/- 3 and 64.7 +/- 4 kg, respectively. Neither
      plasma renin activity nor plasma catecholamines responded with a clear increase
      to either procedure. The limited effect on blood pressure and the renin system of
      a marked sodium removal during salt subtraction suggests that sodium must still
      be present in excess in these patients. The procedure of salt subtraction appears
      safe and subjectively well tolerated, but it can probably not be used as the sole
      means of decreasing total body sodium without associating dietary measures to
      reduce sodium intake.

PMID- 4050889
TI  - Hyperthyroidism in end-stage renal disease.
AB  - We report the 2nd patient to have hyperthyroidism while on maintenance
      hemodialysis. This case is instructive because the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism
      in uremic patients is difficult due to similar signs and symptoms. This case
      report describes, for the first time, the unique interaction between hemodialysis
      and thyrotoxic heart disease. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and severe
      hypotension interfered with all hemodialyses. Only the correction of the
      hyperthyroid state and withdrawal of all beta-blocking agents allowed resumption
      of normal hemodialysis. The delayed gastric emptying and hypercalcemia ultimately
      resolved with return to the euthyroid state and did not recur during 10 months of
      follow-up.

PMID- 4050891
TI  - Fetal heart rate response to running in midpregnancy and late pregnancy.
AB  - Fetal heart rate was recorded at 20 and 32 weeks' gestation before and after 20
      minutes of treadmill exercise. The intensity of the exercise was matched to each
      woman's current training level. On every occasion the fetal heart rate rose
      significantly after exercise.

PMID- 4050892
TI  - Mother's birth weight as a predictor of macrosomia.
AB  - The relationship between a mother's own birth weight and the risk of delivering a
      large for gestational age infant was studied in 1335 women. Compared to women who
      weighed 8 pounds or more at birth, women who weighed 6 to 7.9 pounds were only
      50% as likely (p = 0.007) and women who weighed 4 to 5.9 pounds were only 15% as
      likely (p = 0.002) to give birth to a large for gestational age infant. When this
      relationship was adjusted for nine other factors known to influence birth weight,
      including maternal weight and weight gain during pregnancy, maternal birth weight
      was second only to weight gain during pregnancy in predicting the birth of large
      for gestational age infants. Maternal birth weight was also accurate in the
      prediction of macrosomia (birth weight greater than 4000 gm). Because of its
      ability to predict the delivery of a large infant, maternal birth weight should
      become part of the routine obstetric history.

PMID- 4050890
TI  - Cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection in university women: relationship to
      history, contraception, ectopy, and cervicitis.
AB  - Endocervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection was found in 13 of 162 volunteer
      female university students (8%). Infection was correlated with younger age (p
      less than 0.05), less than or equal to 4 years of intercourse (p less than 0.05),
      a history of gonorrhea (p less than 0.01), and exposure to a partner with
      urethritis (p less than 0.01). Women who used intrauterine or barrier
      contraception had less infection (2%) than did women who used oral contraception
      (14.3%, p less than 0.05) or none at all (10.7%, p less than 0.05). Infection was
      strongly associated with a cervicitis score calculated from erythema, ectopy,
      discharge, and secretions that contained white blood cells (p less than 0.0001).
      By multivariate analysis, a proposed clinical approach was arrived at for testing
      for chlamydial organisms all women with cervicitis who were not using barrier
      contraception. The positive predictive value of this approach for chlamydial
      infection was 28%, and the negative predictive value 98.4%. Cervical ectopy was
      increased in women who used oral contraception (p less than 0.01), and infection
      was increased in women with ectopy, regardless of their contraceptive method (p
      less than 0.001). These results will aid in more rapid diagnosis of endocervical
      chlamydial infection and in the choice of contraception in young women and high
      prevalence groups.

PMID- 4050893
TI  - The correlations of glycosylated serum protein and glycosylated hemoglobin
      concentrations with blood glucose in diabetic pregnancy.
AB  - The usefulness of concentrations of glycosylated serum protein and glycosylated
      hemoglobin in monitoring glycemic control during pregnancy complicated by
      diabetes was evaluated by correlation of these parameters with fasting and 2-hour
      postprandial glucose concentrations of the previous 7 days. Glycosylated serum
      protein correlated with both fasting (r = 0.798, p less than 0.01, n = 71) and
      postprandial (r = 0.846, p less than 0.01, n = 69) blood glucose concentrations.
      Glycosylated hemoglobin also correlated with fasting (r = 0.571, p less than
      0.01, n = 71) and postprandial (r = 0.510, p less than 0.01, n = 74) blood
      glucose concentrations. Monitoring glycosylated serum protein during pregnancy
      complicated by diabetes is clinically feasible and allows frequent reappraisal of
      diabetic control.

PMID- 4050894
TI  - Maternal cardiovascular adaptations to twin pregnancy.
AB  - Multiple pregnancy places increased demands on the maternal circulation. Maternal
      left ventricular size and performance were measured with M-mode echocardiography
      in women with twin pregnancy in the second and third trimesters, and the findings
      were compared to those in normal singleton pregnancies. As expected, cardiac
      output was greater during twin than during singleton pregnancy; however, end
      diastolic ventricular dimension was not. Output was increased in twin pregnancy
      during the second and third trimesters by heart rate and also during the third
      trimester by stroke volume. Increased stroke volume was effected by increased
      shortening, thus strongly suggesting increased contractility. Increased maternal
      heart rate and contractility during multiple gestations suggest that
      cardiovascular reserve is reduced.

PMID- 4050895
TI  - Saline amnioinfusion for relief of repetitive variable decelerations: a
      prospective randomized study.
AB  - A prospective randomized study was undertaken in order to further investigate the
      effect of intrauterine saline amnioinfusion for the relief of repetitive variable
      decelerations in the first stage of labor. Intrauterine saline amnioinfusion
      corrects the oligohydramnios that makes the cord more vulnerable to compression
      during uterine contractions. Included in this study were 96 patients who had
      repetitive variable decelerations not relieved either by changes in position or
      by oxygen. Randomization resulted in 49 patients in the infusion group and 47
      patients in the noninfusion group. Relief of variable decelerations was 51% in
      the infusion group, as compared to 4.2% in the noninfusion group. Relief of
      variable decelerations was more dramatic in the nulliparous infusion group
      (66.7%) than in the noninfusion group (0%). In the nulliparous patients there was
      a significant decrease in the rate of cesarean sections for fetal distress, being
      14.8% in the infusion group as compared to 47.6% in the noninfusion group. This
      study clearly showed that saline amnioinfusion is a logical, simple, safe, and
      effective therapy for the relief of repetitive variable decelerations in the
      first stage of labor and can lower the incidence of cesarean sections for fetal
      distress in nulliparous patients. Furthermore, amnioinfusion was much superior to
      changes in position in treating repetitive variable decelerations.

PMID- 4050896
TI  - Use of fetal scalp hematocrit in the diagnosis of severe hemorrhage from vasa
      previa.
AB  - Described in a case in which a timely diagnosis of severe fetal anemia from
      bleeding vasa previa was made with the aid of a fetal scalp hematocrit. This
      technique can be used in patients in labor when bleeding vasa previa is
      suspected, and scalp sampling is feasible.

PMID- 4050897
TI  - Paradoxical response to intravenous terbutaline.
AB  - Marked uterine hypertonus was observed in our patient subsequent to the
      intravenous administration of terbutaline prior to an attempt at external
      cephalic version. The proximity of hypertonus to terbutaline infusion and the
      absence of other stimuli suggests that this was a paradoxical response to
      terbutaline.

PMID- 4050898
TI  - Transplacental treatment of tachycardia-induced fetal heart failure with
      verapamil and amiodarone: a case report.
AB  - The role that the new antiarrhythmic agents, such as verapamil and amiodarone,
      might play in the therapeutic strategy of tachycardia-induced fetal heart failure
      remains to be determined.

PMID- 4050899
TI  - Pyruvate kinase deficiency hemolytic anemia: two successful pregnancy outcomes.
AB  - Pyruvate kinase deficiency hemolytic anemia is an uncommon disease that is a rare
      complication of pregnancy.

PMID- 4050900
TI  - Blocking of human fertilization in vitro by sera with sperm-immobilizing
      antibodies.
AB  - Serum samples with sperm-immobilizing antibody activity from six women were
      examined for ability to block sperm-egg interaction by a zona penetration test
      where human follicular ova matured in vitro were used. Exposure of spermatozoa
      from a fertile healthy donor to the sera impaired binding to and penetration
      through the zona pellucida of the spermatozoa completely in five cases and
      incompletely in one case. Successful fertilization in vitro was achieved by using
      fetal cord serum instead of autoserum of the patient included in the in vitro
      fertilization and embryo transfer program. These results suggest that
      interference with sperm-egg interaction may be an additional mechanism of
      infertility that is caused by antisperm antibodies.

PMID- 4050901
TI  - Interspecies variation in ritodrine metabolism.
AB  - The metabolism of ritodrine has been studied in the rat, both in vitro and in
      vivo, and in the in vivo pregnant baboon, with the use of tritium-labeled drug as
      a probe. Combined enzymatic degradation and radiochromatography of the
      radioactive components of bile and urine show that ritodrine undergoes
      significant Phase l metabolism in addition to conjugation to both sulfate and
      glucuronide, as previously reported. The presence of more than one conjugate is
      shown, and evidence for major interspecies variation in patterns of metabolism
      and conjugation is presented, with comments on the applicability of results to
      human clinical use.

PMID- 4050902
TI  - Heparin treatment during pregnancy.

PMID- 4050903
TI  - Intrapartum fetal monitoring and uterine rupture.

PMID- 4050904
TI  - Carbon dioxide laser for combination excisional-vaporization conization.

PMID- 4050905
TI  - The laser combination procedure for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

PMID- 4050906
TI  - Carbon dioxide laser surgery.

PMID- 4050907
TI  - Maternal death associated with sickle cell trait.

PMID- 4050908
TI  - Confirmation of xeroradiography as an important postmortem fetal diagnostic
      technique.

PMID- 4050909
TI  - Hormonal and morphologic effects of bromocriptine on normal rat pituitary and GH3
      tumor cells.
AB  - Bromocriptine in concentrations up to 5 X 10(-4) mol/L was studied for any
      deleterious effects upon normal rat pituitary cells, as well as on the rat GH3
      cell line. Normal rat pituitary glands were obtained by decapitation from 50-day
      old female Wistar rats and dispersed with 0.25% trypsin. The cells (10(5) per
      plate) were then incubated in 60 by 15 mm plates (Falcon) that contained 3 ml of
      Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 10% fetal calf serum. GH3 cells were
      plated in a similar fashion. Bromocriptine was added in concentrations of 5 X 10(
      4) to 5 X 10(-9) mol/L, and aliquots of medium were obtained at 6, 24, and 48
      hours for the determination of growth hormone and prolactin. Cell counts were
      performed at 24 and 48 hours. A significant reduction in concentrations of growth
      hormone and prolactin was observed with concentrations of bromocriptine of 5 X
      10(-5) and 5 X 10(-4) mol/L at 24 and 48 hours (p less than 001). Although no
      significant changes in cell counts were observed in the normal rat pituitary
      cells, the GH3 cells showed complete disruption at 48 hours only in the plates
      that contained the highest concentrations of bromocriptine. Electron microscopy
      of normal rat cells and GH3 demonstrated selective cytotoxic effects only on the
      GH3 cells. In conclusion, bromocriptine has been demonstrated to have a direct
      effect on hormone release and on the morphologic characteristics of tumor cells
      but not normal pituitary cells.

PMID- 4050910
TI  - Erythrocyte morphology in women with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia.
      Preliminary observations with scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphologic characteristics of
      erythrocytes in women with preeclampsia and eclampsia. In nine nulliparous women
      with eclampsia, the proportion of abnormal red cells (schistocytes, echinocytes,
      and spherocytes) was significantly greater than in 12 normally pregnant control
      women (p less than 0.001). Likewise, the proportion of these abnormal erythrocyte
      forms was significantly greater in 12 nulliparous women with preeclampsia than in
      25 normally pregnant control women (p = 0.009). Six women with mild pregnancy
      induced hypertension without proteinuria were studied before and after magnesium
      sulfate therapy had been given, and no differences in the proportion of abnormal
      erythrocyte forms were found. Evidence for microangiopathic hemolysis, manifest
      by reticulocytosis and thrombocytopenia, was apparent with eclampsia, although
      only reticulocytosis was identified in women with preeclampsia. There was
      evidence for hepatic dysfunction in more than half of the women with eclampsia,
      and in nearly one third of those with preeclampsia. We speculate that
      compositional changes in the membrane, induced by plasma/erythrocyte lipid
      interchanges, which are predisposed by normal pregnancy and amplified by severe
      preeclampsia, especially in the presence of liver dysfunction, may have
      participated in the genesis of the red cell abnormalities observed. Furthermore,
      these abnormalities in the cell membrane may increase erythrocyte susceptibility
      to microangiopathic hemolysis.

PMID- 4050911
TI  - Screening for carbohydrate intolerance in pregnancy: a comparison of two tests
      and reassessment of a common approach.
AB  - The usefulness of glycosylated hemoglobin as a prenatal screening test for
      carbohydrate intolerance was studied in 806 consecutive subjects by correlating
      glycosylated hemoglobin to 1-hour post-50 gm Glucola plasma glucose levels, 3
      hour oral glucose tolerance tests, and perinatal and maternal outcomes. Sixty
      seven subjects whose 1-hour post-50 gm Glucola plasma glucose levels were greater
      than or equal to 150 mg/100 ml underwent 3-hour oral glucose tolerance tests; 12
      were diagnostic of carbohydrate intolerance. Compared to carbohydrate-tolerant
      control subjects, gravid patients with carbohydrate intolerance were older, more
      obese, had higher 1-hour post-50 gm Glucola plasma glucose and glycosylated
      hemoglobin levels, and infants with increased birth weight percentiles, depressed
      5-minute Apgar scores, and an increased incidence of shoulder dystocia and
      perinatal mortality. Three of 10 carbohydrate-intolerant patients who were
      evaluated post partum were found to have previously undiagnosed diabetes.
      Division of measurements of 1-hour post-50 gm Glucola plasma glucose and
      glycosylated hemoglobin into normal, borderline, and suspicious groups
      demonstrated a reduction in discriminatory capability of glycosylated hemoglobin
      as compared to the 1-hour post-50 gm Glucola plasma glucose. We conclude that
      laboratory screening for carbohydrate intolerance should be a standard element of
      the prenatal evaluation; gravid patients found to have carbohydrate intolerance
      should be reevaluated post partum to rule out overt diabetes, and the 1-hour post
      50 gm Glucola plasma glucose test is the preferred means of routine screening for
      carbohydrate intolerance in pregnancy.

PMID- 4050912
TI  - Immunoglobulins in prolonged ruptured membranes.
AB  - Concentrations of immunoglobulins G, M, and A were studied in maternal and cord
      serum of patients with prolonged premature rupture of membranes, as well as in
      properly matched control patients. None of the patients studied showed any
      evidence of clinical chorioamnionitis or other prenatal infections. Cases were
      divided into term premature rupture of membranes and term controls and preterm
      (less than 34 gestational weeks) premature rupture of membranes and preterm
      controls. In the term group, with 12 to 24 hours of premature rupture of
      membranes, maternal immunoglobulins M and A, and cord immunoglobulin A were
      significantly increased. With a duration of premature rupture of membranes of
      more than 24 hours, levels of immunoglobulins M and A in maternal serum and
      levels of immunoglobulins G and A in cord serum showed significant elevations.
      Levels of cord immunoglobulin M from both subgroups of patients with premature
      rupture of membranes showed a trend upward but were not significantly higher than
      those in control patients. In the preterm group, with 12 to 24 hours of premature
      rupture of membranes, only cord immunoglobulin A was significantly increased.
      With premature rupture of membranes of greater than or equal to 72 hours, only
      maternal immunoglobulin G increased significantly and remained elevated;
      immunoglobulins M and A in cord serum were also significantly increased. The
      significant rise in immunoglobulins in patients with premature rupture of
      membranes may indicate subclinical maternal and fetal infection. This suggests
      the possibility that subclinical infections may play a role in the etiology of
      premature rupture of membranes.

PMID- 4050913
TI  - Age-dependent, ovary-independent decrease in the nuclear binding kinetics of
      estrogen receptors in the brain of the C57BL/6J mouse.
AB  - To further define the role of aging of the brain in the induction of reproductive
      acyclicity, we put to death intact as well as castrated female C57BL/6J mice of
      various ages before and from 0.5 to 24 hours after subcutaneous injection of 0.2
      micrograms of 17 beta-estradiol. Pooled hypothalamic and pituitary tissues were
      dissected and cytosolic/nuclear estrogen receptors were assayed in buffer that
      consisted of 10 mmol/L Tris(hydroxymethylaminomethane) hydrochloride, 1.5 mmol/L
      ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and 0.5 mmol/L dithiothreitol and contained
      molybdate (25 mmol/L) and inhibitors of proteases. Our results in intact animals
      indicated that baseline cytosolic concentration of estrogen receptors remained
      constant at 60 to 77 fmol/mg of protein (range) throughout aging, whereas nuclear
      levels of estrogen receptors decreased from 1.2 to 1.6 fmol/micrograms of
      deoxyribonucleic acid (range) to nondetectable levels after the onset of ovarian
      acyclicity. No age-related changes in the Ka were observed. After subcutaneous
      challenge with estrogen, nuclear binding of hypothalamic-pituitary axis estrogen
      receptors revealed a significant age-related decrease which was already evident
      at 10 to 14 months of age and prior to the onset of anestrous. Castration,
      whether performed neonatally or at 8 months of age, reduced the hypothalamic
      pituitary axis concentration of estrogen receptors in middle-aged and aged
      animals, but did not prevent this blunted kinetics of nuclear binding. One week
      of daily injection of 17 beta-estradiol to intact and castrated mice of all age
      groups prior to binding kinetic studies induced maximal (five fold) increases in
      the content of hypothalamic-pituitary axis estrogen receptors in young animals
      which readily bound to the nucleus. After similar therapy to middle-aged and aged
      mice, minimal changes or even no changes were observed in both cellular estrogen
      receptor contents, despite similar increments in plasma levels of estrogen. These
      findings suggest an age-dependent decrease in the kinetics of hypothalamic
      pituitary axis estrogen receptors manifested by a reduced synthesis of functional
      estrogen receptors in the brain of mice.

PMID- 4050914
TI  - Validity of mathematical methods of quantitating fetal heart rate variability.
AB  - Twenty-two mathematical formulas purporting to quantitate fetal heart rate
      variability, 13 for short-term and nine for long-term variability, were examined
      by using artificially generated numbers representing either short-term
      variability or long-term variability. Numbers representing short-term variability
      consisted of alternating beats, and those representing long-term variability were
      sine waves of differing amplitude or frequency spanning the generally accepted
      clinical range of fetal heart rate variability. The validity of the indices was
      determined by applying certain selected criteria. The results showed that 11 of
      the 13 short-term variability indices validly measured short-term variability,
      whereas only one of the nine long-term variability indices did so. The two major
      defects in the long-term variability indices were that there was an increase in
      the long-term variability index as the short-term variability increased, and the
      long-term variability indices did not increase linearly with increasing frequency
      of long-term variability complexes. This study suggests that short-term
      variability is relatively easy to quantify, but there is little relationship
      between the long-term variability indices and what is clinically regarded as long
      term variability.

PMID- 4050915
TI  - Systemic and uterine responsiveness to angiotensin II and norepinephrine in
      estrogen-treated nonpregnant sheep.
AB  - Pregnancy is associated with uterine and systemic vasodilation and reduced
      vascular reactivity to angiotensin II and perhaps norepinephrine. The
      uteroplacental vasculature is relatively refractory to angiotensin II but very
      sensitive to norepinephrine. To investigate the possible role of the high levels
      of estrogen in pregnancy mediating these hemodynamic changes, we examined
      systemic and uterine vascular responsiveness to angiotensin II and norepinephrine
      in eight chronically instrumented nonpregnant sheep treated with 17 beta
      estradiol. In these animals, 17 beta-estradiol produced significant systemic and
      uterine vasodilation without changing arterial pressure; cardiac output increased
      from 5.3 +/- 0.3 to 6.7 +/- 0.4 L/min, and uterine blood flow increased from 26
      +/- 3 to 218 +/- 13 ml/min (mean +/- SE). Treatment with 17 beta-estradiol
      reduced the increases in systemic vascular resistance produced by angiotensin II
      and norepinephrine by 25% and 35%, respectively. After 17 beta-estradiol
      treatment, the uterine vascular responses were compared to the systemic vascular
      responses; the uterine responses to angiotensin II were only half the systemic
      responses, whereas the uterine responses to norepinephrine were six times greater
      than the systemic responses and were associated with decreases in uterine blood
      flow of 35% to 40%. These hemodynamic features of nonpregnant sheep treated with
      estrogen are strikingly similar to previous observations in sheep during
      pregnancy.

PMID- 4050916
TI  - Cerebral oxidative metabolism in the fetal lamb: relationship to electrocortical
      state.
AB  - Cerebral oxidative metabolism and blood flow were measured in 14 chronically
      prepared fetal lambs with changes in fetal electrocortical activity. Myocardial
      blood flow was also measured with changes in fetal state in order to determine
      whether metabolic changes observed were organ specific. Samples of preductal
      arterial and sagittal vein blood were analyzed for oxygen content, blood gases,
      and pH. Blood flow was measured with a radioactive microsphere technique.
      Cerebral oxidative metabolism increased significantly from 126 +/- 7 mumol/100
      gm/min during the high-voltage electrocortical state to 152 +/- 7 mumol/100 gm
      1/min-1 (p less than 0.05) during the low-voltage electrocortical state. The
      increase in cerebral oxidative metabolism was sustained by an increase in blood
      flow, 148 +/- 7 ml/100 gm/min to 173 +/- 10 ml/100 gm/min (p less than 0.01),
      whereas the arterial venous oxygen difference remained unchanged. Changes in
      myocardial blood flow were in the opposite direction, with a decrease noted
      during the low-voltage electrocortical state, and were correlated with changes in
      fetal heart rate. We conclude that cerebral oxidative metabolism is increased
      during the fetal low-voltage electrocortical state and suggests an important role
      for the increased incidence of this state during the accelerated growth and
      development of the brain during the perinatal period.

PMID- 4050918
TI  - Lung profiles in the isoimmunized pregnancy.
AB  - The management of an isoimmunized pregnancy, although not commonly seen today,
      represents a challenging obstetric problem. The knowledge of fetal lung maturity
      status is essential in deciding when to perform an intrauterine transfusion, give
      steroids, or deliver an infant. The interpretation of the fetal lung profile in
      these patients has been questioned. Charts were reviewed from 99 isoimmunized
      patients cared for at Los Angeles County/University of Southern California
      Medical Center, Women's Hospital, from March, 1981, through December, 1983. There
      were 77 patients who underwent 260 amniocenteses. The lecithin-sphingomyelin
      ratio, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and
      phosphatidylglycerol from the amniotic fluid did not differ from the values
      expected in normal gestations. There were a total of six patients who underwent
      intrauterine transfusions and the lung profile data were consistent with
      anticipated values. We conclude that lung maturation is neither delayed nor
      accelerated in the isoimmunized pregnancy.

PMID- 4050917
TI  - Elevated maternal glycohemoglobin in early pregnancy and spontaneous abortion
      among insulin-dependent diabetic women.
AB  - Insulin-dependent diabetic women without adequate glucose control have a higher
      rate of spontaneous abortions than does the general population of pregnant women.
      The present study examined whether insulin-dependent diabetic women who
      experienced spontaneous abortions had higher levels of glycohemoglobin in the
      first trimester than did insulin-dependent diabetic women who had normal
      pregnancy outcomes. Measurement of glycohemoglobin during the first trimester
      provides an integrated, retrospective index of glucose control during the phase
      of organogenesis. This study evaluated 116 pregnancies in 75 insulin-dependent
      diabetic women. Ninety pregnancies progressed beyond 20 weeks, with normal
      outcome. Twenty-six pregnancies terminated in spontaneous abortions before 20
      weeks. The mean gestational ages for sampling of glycohemoglobin for the women
      who experienced spontaneous abortion and those for the women with pregnancies of
      more than 20 weeks were not significantly different. The mean level of
      glycohemoglobin for the women who experienced spontaneous abortions was
      significantly greater than that for the women with pregnancies of more than 20
      weeks (p less than 0.05). Individual levels of glycohemoglobin of less than 12%
      at 8 to 9 weeks' gestation were associated with favorable outcomes, whereas
      levels of glycohemoglobin of more than 12% were predictive of a greater incidence
      of spontaneous abortions (p less than 0.05). These data suggest that the poorly
      controlled pregnant diabetic patient, as reflected by high levels of
      glycohemoglobin early in pregnancy, has an increased risk of spontaneous
      abortion.

PMID- 4050919
TI  - Electrical and mechanical uterine activity and gap junctions in peripartal sheep.
AB  - In 10 chronically instrumented pregnant ewes myometrial electrical activity and
      intrauterine pressure were measured and plasma levels of 17 beta-estradiol and
      progesterone were determined in late pregnancy and during and after labor.
      Myometrial biopsies were obtained to determine gap junction area. Plasma
      progesterone levels fell 4 days before delivery, and 17 beta-estradiol levels
      rose sharply 12 hours before delivery. Toward delivery the myometrial electrical
      pattern changed from infrequent bursts of long duration to frequent bursts of
      short duration, and the active pressure area of the intrauterine pressure cycles,
      the apparent conduction velocity, and the rate of rise of intrauterine pressure
      cycles increased associated with the changes in hormone levels. These changes
      were related to an increase in gap junction area. It is concluded that these
      results support the hypothesis that changes in concentrations of steroid hormones
      lead to an increase in myometrial gap junction area, which improves the
      coordination of contractile activity of the uterus during labor.

PMID- 4050920
TI  - Nonsuppressible insulin-like activity and somatomedin C levels in normal pregnant
      women, in pregnant women with gestational diabetes, and in umbilical cord blood
      of mature and premature infants.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine the significance of the changes in
      nonsuppressible insulin-like activity as measured by the fat pad assay and by the
      levels of immunoreactive somatomedin C, growth hormone, and human placental
      lactogen in sera of term normal pregnant women, mothers who delivered
      prematurely, and women with gestational diabetes at term as compared to normal
      nonpregnant subjects. These hormones were also measured in the umbilical cord
      blood of these patients at the time of delivery to determine the possible
      mechanisms of the fetal growth in utero. Our investigations showed that (1)
      nonsuppressible insulin-like activity is elevated during pregnancy, but its level
      was lower in mothers with gestational diabetes in spite of significantly higher
      serum human placental lactogen compared with normal pregnant mothers; (2)
      nonsuppressible insulin-like activity is significantly lower in premature infants
      than in term infants; (3) somatomedin C levels were significantly elevated in
      pregnant mothers in spite of suppression of growth hormone; (4) nonsuppressible
      insulin-like activity and somatomedin C levels in infants of mothers with
      gestational diabetes were not significantly elevated in spite of higher birth
      weight, indicating that nonsuppressible insulin-like activity and somatomedins
      are not the only factors responsible for the increase of birth weight of children
      of diabetic mothers; (5) there was marked discordance between the growth hormone
      level in the neonates and somatomedin C levels.

PMID- 4050921
TI  - The ontogeny of fetal lamb electrocortical activity: a power spectral analysis.
AB  - With the use of a relatively inexpensive microcomputer-based system for power
      spectral analysis, we have been able to provide quantitative information on
      maturational changes in electrocorticogram waveforms in the third-trimester fetal
      lamb. Twenty-six electrocorticogram recordings were obtained from nine fetal
      lambs, with gestational ages ranging from 114 to 139 days' gestation. The
      transition from disorganized to cyclic electrocorticogram activity (high-voltage
      slow activity and low-voltage fast activity) occurred at approximately 115 to 120
      days' gestation. However, quantitative changes in waveform characteristics of the
      electrocorticogram continued throughout the rest of gestation. These maturational
      changes occurred primarily in the low-voltage fast activity periods, with a
      decrease in power density in the delta (0.3 to 3 Hz) band and an increase in the
      maximum frequencies detected in the beta (15 to 30 Hz) band. There were no
      significant changes in the power spectrum of the high-voltage slow activity
      periods as a function of gestational age.

PMID- 4050922
TI  - The development of electrocortical activity in the fetal and neonatal guinea pig.
AB  - We have developed techniques for chronic recording of electrocortical activity in
      the fetal and neonatal guinea pig with subsequent power spectral analysis. Thirty
      four unanesthesized, unrestrained pregnant Hartley guinea pigs were studied 1 to
      14 days following surgical procedures. Twelve neonatal animals instrumented
      during the first week of life were studied at 3 to 30 days. Spontaneous,
      undifferentiated electrocortical activity was recorded from the youngest fetuses
      studied, with high-voltage slow activity appearing at 50 days' gestation. Cycling
      electrocortical activity and sleep spindles could be observed in the late-term
      fetal and neonatal animals, with rapid eye movements and behavioral state defined
      in the latter. Power spectral analysis demonstrated more predominant delta
      activity, faster beta frequencies, and better-developed sleep spindles in the
      neonatal animal as compared to the fetus.

PMID- 4050923
TI  - Epidemiologic aspects of senile cataract extraction stratified by visual acuity,
      age, and sex.
AB  - A review of records for 221 patients 50 years old and older undergoing first
      cataract extractions showed that women constituted 64% of this population (142
      cases). The men had a mean age of 70.8 years and the women a mean age of 71.8
      years. This difference was not significant. Men had a significantly (P less than
      .05) better mean best corrected visual acuity preoperatively than women (20/100
      vs 20/400). In the two younger groups (those aged 50 to 59 years and those aged
      60 to 69 years), men also had significantly (P less than .05) better preoperative
      visual acuities.

PMID- 4050924
TI  - Effect of applying the Honan intraocular pressure reducer before cataract
      surgery.
AB  - We studied 48 patients undergoing cataract extraction with local anesthesia. In
      41 patients, after administering the retrobulbar injection, we applied the Honan
      intraocular pressure reducer for seven to ten minutes at a pressure setting of 30
      mm Hg. Of these 41 patients, 13 received 3-ml injections, 14 received 4-ml
      injections, and 14 received 5-ml injections. No differences in intraocular
      pressure related to the quantity of retrobulbar injection were noted. After
      retrobulbar injection, the mean intraocular pressure for the study population as
      a whole increased 4.4 mm Hg; after application of the Honan device, it decreased
      6.2 mm Hg. In a control group of seven patients, who received 4-ml retrobulbar
      injections but no applications of the Honan device, mean intraocular pressure
      increased 6.1 mm Hg immediately after retrobulbar injection and decreased only
      0.7 mm Hg after seven to ten minutes.

PMID- 4050926
TI  - The effect of radial keratotomy on the corneal endothelium.
AB  - Morphometric analysis of the corneal endothelium was performed on 11 eyes of
      patients who underwent anterior radial keratotomy with the contralateral eye
      serving as the controls. We analyzed cell density, variation in cell size
      (polymegethism), and cell shape (pleomorphism) by computer analysis of central
      and midperipheral specular micrograms one year after surgery. The central
      endothelial density decreased from 2,503 to 2,419 cells/mm2 (3.3% decrease). The
      coefficient of variation in cell size (polymegethism) was 0.290 preoperatively
      and 0.309 postoperatively centrally. Central hexagonality was reduced centrally
      from 61.4% preoperatively to 56.8% in the operated on eye. These differences were
      not statistically significant (P greater than .05). In a separate subgroup of six
      patients, midperipheral specular microscopy under and between incisions disclosed
      a similar pattern of mild cell density decrease and morphometric remodeling one
      year after surgery. No morphometric characteristic was significantly different
      from the central control values (P greater than .05), suggesting that the corneal
      endothelial monolayer had stabilized one year after radial keratotomy.

PMID- 4050925
TI  - Phacoexcavation as an alternative pars plana technique for lens removal.
AB  - The phacoexcavator permits lens removal via the pars plana by mechanical
      disruption, hydration, and aspiration within the capsule. The instrument is
      suitable for use with unimanual, bimanual, or three-port methods. In five cases
      lenses estimated to have 2+ to 3+ nuclear sclerosis were removed successfully in
      less than three minutes. There were no postoperative complications and the only
      intraoperative complication was some loss of cortical material in one case. This
      was recovered and removed during the vitrectomy.

PMID- 4050927
TI  - Association between iris color and iris melanocytic lesions.
AB  - In a case-control study of 212 white patients with primary melanocytic tumors of
      the iris and two control groups, contingency tables were used to evaluate the
      distribution of iris color. We found a strong association between light iris
      color (blue, gray, or green) and the presence of iris melanocytic lesions (P less
      than .001 by chi 2).

PMID- 4050928
TI  - Congenital cysts of the iris stroma.
AB  - We studed the clinical and histopathologic findings in two congenital iris cysts,
      one in a 19-month-old girl and one in a 7-year-old boy. Our second case showed
      the resilience of these lesions, with the cyst returning to its original size
      after needle aspiration, argon iridotomy, marsupialization, and excisional
      iridotomy. Cryogenic therapy was needed to eliminate the cyst. In both cases,
      histologic studies showed squamous epithelium with few (Case 1) or no (Case 2)
      goblet cells.

PMID- 4050929
TI  - Ocular findings in the facioauriculovertebral sequence (Goldenhar-Gorlin
      syndrome).
AB  - We reviewed the ocular findings in 57 consecutive patients with the
      facioauriculovertebral sequence (Goldenhar-Gorlin syndrome). Epibulbar
      choristomas were detected in 18 cases (32%), a much lower occurrence than
      reported previously. Various motility disorders (11 cases, 19%), blepharoptosis
      or narrow palpebral fissures (seven cases, 12%), eyelid colobomas (six cases,
      11%), and lacrimal drainage system anomalies (six cases, 11%) were more frequent
      than previously noted. These ocular findings were more common in the patients
      with epibulbar choristomas. Of the various features of the Goldenhar-Gorlin
      syndrome (skin tags, microtia, hemifacial microsomia, and vertebral anomalies),
      only skin tags correlated positively with the laterality of epibulbar
      choristomas. Preauricular and facial tags represent choristomas, explaining their
      association with epibulbar choristomas and the laterality they share.

PMID- 4050930
TI  - Pulfrich stereo-illusion phenomenon in serous sensory retinal detachment of the
      macula.
AB  - Four patients (three men, 68, 35, and 33 years old, and one woman, 46 years old)
      had central serous elevation of the macula with abnormal latency of the visual
      evoked potential and spontaneous Pulfrich phenomenon. In three instances both the
      electrophysiologic test and the clinical Pulfrich test reverted to normal on
      resolution of the retinopathy. This correlated with normalization of visual
      evoked potential latency in the affected eye.

PMID- 4050931
TI  - Secondary angle-closure glaucoma after central retinal vein occlusion.
AB  - A 65-year-old man developed unilateral nonrubeotic secondary angle-closure
      glaucoma after central retinal vein occlusion. Therapy was nonsurgical and
      included medical control of the intraocular pressure. The anterior chamber
      eventually deepened and panretinal photocoagulation was later necessary because
      of developing rubeosis iridis and neovascularization of the optic disk. Secondary
      nonrubeotic angle-closure glaucoma from central retinal vein occlusion must be
      distinguished from rubeotic glaucoma or pupillary-block glaucoma so that
      inappropriate medical or surgical treatment can be avoided.

PMID- 4050932
TI  - Vitrectomy for double penetrating ocular injuries.
AB  - During the five-year period from 1977 to 1982, 15 consecutive patients with
      double penetrating ocular injuries were treated at the University of Minnesota.
      The 13 males and two females ranged in age from 5 to 38 years. Four patients had
      bilateral involvement. Vitrectomy techniques were used to stabilize the eyes and
      prevent or treat retinal detachment in 18 eyes. One eye was enucleated. Anatomic
      success was achieved in 11 eyes and visual success (visual acuity of 5/200 or
      better) in ten eyes. Surgical success was related to initial visual acuity,
      extent of vitreous hemorrhage, and the ability of the surgeon to excise
      completely the vitreous from the circumference of the exit wound.

PMID- 4050933
TI  - The three-port microcannular system for closed vitrectomy.
AB  - Microcannulas used during vitreous surgery protect the entry site, avoid vitreous
      base damage, and allow easy exchange of 20- and 19-gauge (0.9- and 1-mm)
      instruments. The use of three cannulas of equal size permits interchangeability
      of all instruments. A locking mechanism allows attachment and exchange of various
      infusion lines (balanced salt solution, gas, and oil). Temporary plugging of the
      cannula is possible. Selection of 1 mm as a standard diameter for all cannulas
      make multiple-function instruments feasible.

PMID- 4050934
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of optic gliomas.
AB  - We compared magnetic resonance imaging of the optic nerves and chiasm with
      computed tomography in four patients (a 17-year-old girl, a 14-year-old boy, a 13
      year-old girl, and a 22-year-old woman) with biopsy-proven or suspected optic
      gliomas. Orbital abnormalities were effectively viewed by both techniques.
      Gliomatous and normal optic nerves had similar spin-echo magnetic resonance
      imaging characteristics. Magnetic resonance was superior to contrast-enhanced
      computed tomography for identification of the intracranial optic nerves, chiasm,
      and optic tracts, but computed tomography delineated orbital anatomic and spatial
      relationships better.

PMID- 4050936
TI  - Spindle cell lipoma of the orbit.
AB  - A spindle cell lipoma was partially removed from the left orbit of a 27-year-old
      man. Computed tomography showed a large, mildly enhancing, primarily intraconal
      mass. The circumscribed, nonencapsulated mass was composed of mature adult
      lipocytes, spindle cells, and capillaries. The spindle cells lacked a basal
      lamina and contained a single elongated nucleus. Cells containing osmiophilic
      material were rounded with nucleus displaced to one margin. Because of the
      tumor's size and proximity to vital structures, total excision was not possible.
      Such tumors are more frequent in the subcutaneous tissue of the shoulder and
      posterior aspect of the neck. This benign lesion may be mistaken for other
      spindle cell tumors, including liposarcoma, angiolipoma, neurilemmoma, and
      hemangiopericytoma.

PMID- 4050937
TI  - Perivasculitis of the retinal vessels as an important sign in children with AIDS
      related complex.

PMID- 4050938
TI  - Scuba diving after enucleation.

PMID- 4050935
TI  - Return of vision following orbital decompression after 36 hours of postoperative
      blindness.
AB  - A 43-year-old woman undergoing repair of an orbital floor fracture had no light
      perception postoperatively. Computed tomography showed a normal optic nerve and
      there was no optic canal fracture, intraorbital hematoma, or intraconal
      expansion. After a two-wall orbital decompression, visual acuity recovered to
      20/70 although only an inferior nasal island of vision remained. Ductions were
      full and there was no blepharoptosis but a 2+ afferent pupillary defect
      persisted.

PMID- 4050939
TI  - Subperiosteal orbital hematoma induced by the valsalva maneuver.

PMID- 4050940
TI  - Endogenous iridocyclitis relieved during treatment with bromocriptine.

PMID- 4050941
TI  - A new punctum plug.

PMID- 4050942
TI  - Factors influencing the outcome of laser trabeculoplasty.

PMID- 4050943
TI  - Natural course of retinitis pigmentosa over a three-year interval.

PMID- 4050945
TI  - The changing faces of practice.

PMID- 4050944
TI  - Effects of intraocular irrigating solution on the corneal endothelium after in
      vivo anterior chamber irrigation.

PMID- 4050946
TI  - Survey methods.
AB  - The use of survey methods by occupational therapists is reflected in the
      occupational therapy literature. A description of survey designs and data
      gathering methods is presented with a history of the development of survey
      methods and their use in occupational therapy. Directions and suggestions for
      future use of survey methods are discussed.

PMID- 4050947
TI  - Occupational therapy management and job performance of staff.
AB  - This study focuses on two basic research questions: Do discrepancies exist
      between the way hospital-based occupational therapy department directors perceive
      their managerial leadership and the way their occupational therapy staff members
      perceive the directors' leadership? What effect does the managerial leadership of
      the directors have on staff occupational therapists' job performance? Mailed
      questionnaires were completed by 93 occupational therapy directors and 348
      nonmanagerial registered occupational therapists who were employed in hospitals
      throughout the continental United States. The directors and their staff members
      demonstrated significant differences in their assessments of the directors'
      managerial leadership styles; directors generally gave themselves higher ratings
      than did their staff members. The occupational therapy directors gave their staff
      high job performance ratings. Also, discrepancies between the directors' and
      their staff occupational therapists' ratings of the directors' leadership styles
      correlated negatively with staff job performance. The results of the study
      suggest some potentially beneficial management training topics for department
      directors.

PMID- 4050948
TI  - Patient education techniques used at burn centers.
AB  - Occupational therapists working in facilities with burn units were surveyed to
      obtain information on their use of education programs with burn patients.
      Respondents indicated that verbal instruction and written materials that focus on
      exercise, splint wearing, skin care, and scarring were used most often with
      patients and families. Almost all 75 respondents indicated that they felt
      responsible for providing this information to burn patients, and many replied
      that their patient education programs were generally effective, as determined by
      patient cooperation and participation in the rehabilitation process.

PMID- 4050949
TI  - Work potential evaluation in mental health.
AB  - A survey was conducted to describe the methods and the degree to which
      occupational therapists in mental health settings were evaluating the work
      potential of patients. Of the 231 responses received from a population of 500
      therapists, 157 were usable for this study. Results showed that 36% of the
      respondents performed work potential evaluations using interest inventories,
      crafts, and miscellaneous nonstandardized measures as their primary sources of
      information, and they cited observation as the most useful tool to obtain
      information about a patient. Most respondents identified the need to do more in
      this area and expressed an interest in expanding their skills and available
      resources. Implications for occupational therapy were discussed in relationship
      to new Medicare legislation.

PMID- 4050950
TI  - Performance and attitudes of occupational therapists regarding sexual
      habilitation of pediatric patients.
AB  - A survey of 70 registered occupational therapists was conducted to determine the
      therapists' performance of tasks related to the sexual development of disabled
      children and the therapists' attitudes toward sexual habilitation issues. The
      questionnaire used in the survey was developed after a review of the literature
      on sexuality and disability. Respondents indicated which of the nine tasks listed
      they performed, which they considered important, and for the performance of which
      they felt adequately prepared. They also designated individuals who, in their
      opinion, were best suited for the performance of each task. Results showed a
      discrepancy between respondents' positive attitudes toward tasks of sexual
      habilitation and the low frequency of reported task performances. No single
      health professional was clearly identified as appropriate for performing any of
      the tasks, nor were parents so identified. Therapists who had received
      information on sexual habilitation and rehabilitation performed significantly
      more of the tasks than did therapists without this educational experience.

PMID- 4050951
TI  - Fieldwork experience, Part I: Impact on practice preference.
AB  - Occupational therapy students and student supervisors in 65 fieldwork centers
      nationwide responded to a survey designed a) to appraise the relative value of
      the fieldwork experience in the occupational therapist's professional development
      and b) to identify the elements perceived as being essential to a good fieldwork
      experience. Three stages of professional development were examined: the
      preprofessional, the academic, and the fieldwork experience. Results suggest that
      the fieldwork experience stage has the greatest impact on the development of a
      therapist's preference for a specific area of clinical practice. This article
      discusses the primary influences in the three stages that contribute to this
      preference formation.

PMID- 4050952
TI  - Fieldwork experience, Part II: The supervisor's dilemma.
AB  - This paper examines the distinguishing characteristics of the effective and the
      ineffective supervisor and the role, responsibilities, problems, and current
      needs of the occupational therapy student supervisor. Data were obtained through
      questionnaires received from 188 therapists and 127 students in 65 fieldwork
      centers nationwide. Responses indicate a perceived lack of adequate preparation
      of occupational therapists for the role of student supervisor and provide
      evidence that the profession needs to assume a more active role in providing
      formal, standardized training programs for the occupational therapy student
      supervisor. The results demonstrate a need for greater accountability for the
      quality of the fieldwork experience and the supervisory process guiding that
      experience.

PMID- 4050953
TI  - Ankle-foot positioning splint for comatose patients.

PMID- 4050954
TI  - Understanding certification: issues in fairness.

PMID- 4050955
TI  - A quality assurance method for community occupational therapy.
AB  - Fiscal constraints, service withdrawal, and litigation in the health care sector
      have created an unquestionable need for accountability in health services.
      Therefore, this paper presents a method of quality assurance for use in community
      occupational therapy. Detailed attention is given to methodological issues,
      particularly those related to selecting an approach. A process audit approach was
      chosen for this study, and the results of its pilot application to a sample of
      depressed patients are presented and discussed. In addition, preliminary work on
      reliability and validity of the method are presented. Test-retest and interrater
      reliabilities were found to be .734 and .728, respectively, and assertions of
      normative and criterion validity were supported. The results of the audit are
      presented to illuminate aspects of the method that need further refinement.

PMID- 4050956
TI  - Starting a level I fieldwork program.
AB  - In response to the occupational therapy students' need for meaningful early
      experiences in the clinical setting, an educational strategy was devised for
      marketing and implementing an occupational therapy clinical program for
      hospitalized psychiatric patients, which involves students in all aspects of its
      implementation. The pilot program was started at the Veterans Administration
      Medical Center in West Haven, CT, on a long-term psychiatric unit. This unit's
      previously limited occupational therapy services were expanded by the student
      program. The program has also extended into an acute psychiatric unit and a
      psychiatric day treatment program (which previously had not provided occupational
      therapy services). Sixteen to thirty Quinnipiac College junior occupational
      therapy students (per semester) were involved in assessment, treatment planning,
      program planning, administration, and documentation and evaluation under the
      close supervision of the occupational therapy educator. Students, patients, and
      administrators were surveyed, and the results were reported. For the first class
      of participants, the two significant learning outcomes were an improvement in
      attitude toward patients and an increased level of comfort in working with them.

PMID- 4050958
TI  - A reappraisal of anthropological fieldwork methods and the concept of culture in
      occupational therapy research.

PMID- 4050957
TI  - Ocular pursuit in mentally retarded, cerebral-palsied, and learning-disabled
      children.
AB  - We tested the following groups for visual pursuit abilities: 54 mentally
      retarded, 46 cerebral-palsied, and 131 learning-disabled children, 3 to 10 years
      of age. The resulting five behavioral scores, six directions, and total scores
      were analyzed for age trends. Comparisons were made between the handicapped
      groups and between the handicapped and normative samples. The scores were also
      correlated with other visual and postural abilities. All three handicapped groups
      scored lower than the normative group and also showed patterns different from the
      normative group and different from each other. The learning-disabled group most
      closely approximated the normative group's development patterns. Educational data
      were not able to be used, and we suggest that future research examine the
      correlations (both in handicapped and nonhandicapped children) of ocular pursuits
      and educational achievement, and also obtain more complete data on cerebral
      palsied children. Therapists may find the visual pursuits test useful
      particularly when they want to evaluate a number of aspects of ocular pursuit
      functioning or when they desire more precision than what is usually available by
      simple observation.

PMID- 4050959
TI  - Clinical evaluation of vertical fixation disparity. Part II. Reliability,
      stability, and association with refractive status, stereoacuity, and vertical
      heterophoria.
AB  - The use of vertical fixation disparity data in the management of patients with
      vertical heterophoria will be more appropriate and effective when the clinical
      characteristics of vertical fixation disparity measurements are better
      understood. In this study the reliability and stability of the vertical fixation
      disparity curve and the relation of the vertical fixation disparity data to
      refractive status, stereoacuity, and vertical heterophoria were investigated. The
      results indicate that although the shape of the vertical fixation disparity curve
      is stable and can be statistically represented by a straight line, the slope
      changes with time, more so over weeks and months than during the day, and has no
      significant relation with the refractive status, with the level of stereoacuity,
      or with the presence or absence of vertical heterophoria.

PMID- 4050960
TI  - Clinical evaluation of vertical fixation disparity. Part III. Adaptation to
      vertical prism.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine if any relation exists between the
      ability to adapt to vertical prism and the slope of the fixation disparity curve,
      and if ocular discomfort, while wearing the inappropriate vertical prism, is
      correlated with the adaptation ability. Patients who showed the greatest
      adaptation ability generally had flatter slopes than patients who showed the
      least adaptation ability. The presence or absence of symptoms did not indicate
      how the patient would adapt to vertical prism. We conclude that greater care and
      concern should be used in the consideration of an induced vertical prism if the
      slope of the fixation disparity curve is steep.

PMID- 4050961
TI  - Forced vergence fixation disparity curves at distance and near in an asymptomatic
      young adult population.
AB  - Forced vergence fixation disparity curves were measured at distance and near on
      an asymptomatic young adult population (average age 24.7 +/- 5.2 years, range 14
      to 35). Approximately 60% of the 62 subject sample had the same curve types at
      distance and near (type I, 50%, type II, 9.7%). Unlike curves were found in 40.3%
      of the sample. Detailed breakdown of the unlike curve types is provided, along
      with a discussion of the results. Clinical implications of the necessity to
      establish normative data for fixation disparity curves at distance and near for
      different vergence states, age groups, and symptomatic patients are stressed.

PMID- 4050962
TI  - Relation of graded ocular anterior chamber pigmentation to phenothiazine intake
      in schizophrenics--quantification procedures.
AB  - The fact that larger doses of phenothiazine medications cause more anterior
      chamber (lens and cornea) pigmentation in schizophrenics has been apparent since
      the introduction of these neuroleptic drugs nearly 30 years ago. The present
      study relates the extent of pigmentation to the dose and duration of
      phenothiazine administration in long-term schizophrenics. An investigation and
      analysis of the medication records of 272 pigmented schizophrenics show a
      statistically significant correlation between most of the pigmentation grades and
      the associated dose of medication. The results indicate that regular
      biomicroscopy examinations for pigmentation can help confirm medication history
      and classify schizophrenics.

PMID- 4050963
TI  - Eccentric photorefraction: optical analysis and empirical measures.
AB  - An optical analysis of a photographic technique, "eccentric photorefraction,"
      designed to measure refraction and accommodative states along a single meridian
      of the eye, is presented. Empirical measures taken from a model eye support the
      theoretical derivation. The application of the technique for use with human
      infants is discussed with reference to measurements taken from human eyes.

PMID- 4050964
TI  - Optics of photoretinoscopy: results from ray tracing.
AB  - Recent photographic studies have generated renewed interest in the optics of the
      retinoscopic (skiascopic) image. In photoretinoscopy the subject's eye is
      illuminated by a point source of light and the fundal image of this light at the
      plane of the subject's pupil is observed or photographed from a position near the
      source. The image so obtained is a function of the dioptric defocus of the eye
      relative to the camera, D, the distance of the source and camera from the eye, A,
      the radius of the subject's pupil, R, and the distance of the point source from
      the edge of the camera aperture, E. The fraction of the subject's pupil which is
      not filled with light is termed the "Dark Fraction" (DF) and may be computed from
      a simple ray tracing model of the eye. It is given in terms of the above
      parameters by the equation DF = E/(2ARD). The validity of this equation was
      tested with a photoretinoscope and artificial eye. The photoretinoscope, which is
      a novel modification of an isotropic photorefractor, is also described.

PMID- 4050965
TI  - Visual evoked potential correlates of laser flashblindness in rhesus monkeys. II.
      Doubled-neodymium laser flashes.
AB  - The effects of Q-switched (20-ns) doubled-neodymium (Nd-2) laser flashes upon the
      visual evoked potential (VEP) of two rhesus monkeys were studied and compared
      with the effects of 100-ms argon laser flashes described previously. VEP's were
      recorded under barbiturate anesthesia using bipolar electrodes chronically
      implanted in foveal striate cortex, and were elicited by 6-Hz phase-reversing
      gratings. The parameters which were investigated included the retinal area and
      energy level of the flash, and the wavelength, spatial frequency, and contrast of
      the test grating. The effects produced by the Q-switched pulses at 50% of the
      maximum permissible exposure (MPE) were smaller in magnitude than those produced
      by the longer duration argon flashes. The reduced effects of the Nd-2 pulses were
      attributed to the lower energy contained in these flashes, as dictated by the MPE
      standards. In other respects, the Nd-2 flash effects closely paralleled the argon
      effects. The results of the various experiments suggest that VEP decrements
      produced by long and short flashes are similar at equal energy levels, despite
      the fact that the shorter flashes are believed to produce considerably less
      pigment bleaching.

PMID- 4050966
TI  - Rhesus monkey as a model for normal vision of humans.
AB  - Data for three fundamental psychophysical functions (spatial modulation
      sensitivity, temporal modulation sensitivity, and increment-threshold spectral
      sensitivity) were compared for groups of 12 rhesus monkeys and 12 human subjects.
      It was found that there are important, nontrivial differences between the data
      for monkeys and humans, but that many of the differences could be accounted for
      by structural or passive differences in the visual systems. Therefore, it was
      concluded that the neural processing of information along the visual pathways of
      the two species is generally similar and that the monkey is an excellent model of
      the human visual system.

PMID- 4050967
TI  - Effect of epithelial cell injury on anterior corneal oxygen flux.
AB  - The aerobic response of epithelial metabolism to cellular injury or disease was
      studied with a three-layer model of the cornea. Nonclassical (Michaelis-Menten)
      respiratory kinetics were assumed, and predicted fluxes validated by reference to
      known estimates. The model indicates that epithelial oxygen flux is linearly
      related to epithelial oxygen consumption, and is therefore a direct index of
      epithelial aerobic metabolism. Injury leading to de-epithelialization decreases
      total anterior corneal oxygen flux. The decreases reported experimentally with a
      polarographic oxygen sensor on the denuded stroma in vivo are greater than
      theoretically predicted. This effect is due to a limited capture depth of the
      technique, which "sees" only the anterior stroma.

PMID- 4050968
TI  - Contrast sensitivity function as a diagnostic tool in low vision.
AB  - In this case report, a patient's visual loss associated with both cataract and
      senile macular degeneration is described. The contrast sensitivity function (CSF)
      as well as Retinometer and Visometer findings indicate that the additional visual
      loss over a year's time was lenticular, rather than retinal, in origin.

PMID- 4050969
TI  - Orbital proptosis caused by an ethmoidal mucocele.
AB  - A case of a 66-year-old black female who was diagnosed and treated for a chronic
      ethmoidal sinus mucocele is reported. This case report covers the initial
      presentation, clinical progression, differential diagnosis, surgical excision,
      and repair of the lesion. It is significant that the presentation of this patient
      was mainly on the basis of the ophthalmic manifestations of this disorder.

PMID- 4050970
TI  - The effect of isoproterenol on the development and recovery of hypoxic pulmonary
      hypertension. A structural and hemodynamic study.
AB  - Isoproterenol, administered intravenously during acute hypoxic exposure, is here
      shown to prevent about two-thirds of the rise in pulmonary artery pressure in
      unanesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats with normal pulmonary vascular beds. In
      rats receiving continuous intravenous infusion of isoproterenol during 2 weeks'
      exposure to chronic hypobaric hypoxia (FiO2 0.1) the drug does not prevent either
      the hemodynamic or pulmonary structural changes caused by hypoxia. Similar drug
      administration to rats in air causes a mild increase in pulmonary artery
      muscularity including extension and hypertrophy of both the left and right
      ventricles, without changing hemodynamic findings. Isoproterenol administered
      during 2 weeks' recovery in air after 2 weeks' hypoxia not only prevents the
      usual structural recovery, but several structural features actually progress. In
      contrast, it does not prevent hemodynamic recovery, perhaps because the
      hematocrit is lower in the isoproterenol-treated rats than in rats recovering
      without isoproterenol. Administered in air to rats with pulmonary vascular beds
      remodeled by chronic hypoxia, it does not reduce pulmonary artery pressure.

PMID- 4050971
TI  - Pulmonary lesions induced by 3-methylindole in mice.
AB  - The morphogenesis of pulmonary lesions and associated edema induced by the
      pulmonary toxicant 3-methylindole (3-MI) was studied by combined light and
      transmission electron microscopy. Weanling male CD-1 mice received 3-MI dissolved
      in corn oil by intraperitoneal injection and were studied at intervals from 2 to
      360 hours after treatment. Interstitial edema was observed as early as 2 hours
      and was associated with focal cytoplasmic swelling and membrane alterations in
      both capillary endothelial cells and Type I alveolar epithelial cells and with
      sequestration of neutrophils. Cell swelling, cytoplasmic fragmentation, and
      necrosis of Type I epithelial cells was most severe at 24-48 hours after
      treatment. Multifocal hypertrophy and hyperplasia of Type II alveolar epithelial
      cells was observed at 24-96 hours after treatment. Platelet aggregation and
      aggregates of fibrin were frequently observed in capillaries and small arteries
      and veins as early as 4 hours and as late as 48 hours after treatment. In
      airways, the nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cell was the predominant
      cell affected. Initial lesions in nonciliated cells consisted of loss of
      microvilli and secretory granules followed by marked swelling of the endoplasmic
      reticulum and mitochondria. Necrosis of cells lining airways was most pronounced
      at 24-48 hours after treatment. By 144 hours after administration, pulmonary
      repair was complete. It is concluded that the mouse is a useful model of 3-MI
      induced pulmonary injury and that damage to both Type I alveolar epithelial cells
      and capillary endothelial cells is important in the pathogenesis of 3-MI-induced
      pulmonary edema.

PMID- 4050972
TI  - Diabetic autonomic neuropathy. The distribution of structural changes in
      sympathetic nerves of the BB rat.
AB  - Ultrastructural and morphometric studies were performed longitudinally to
      characterize the topographic distribution of autonomic neuropathy in the BB-rat.
      Four levels of predominantly sympathetic nerves were examined. Typical axonal
      dystrophic changes were consistently increased in diabetic rats and were found to
      be most severe in the prevertebral celiac ganglion, the mesenteric nerve, the
      superior cervical ganglion, and the paravertebral ganglion, in that order.
      Dystrophic changes were also demonstrated in postsynaptic dendrites. In addition,
      the diabetic mesenteric nerve displayed progressive nerve fiber atrophy and fiber
      loss. We conclude that dystrophic and degenerative axonopathy is a reproducible
      structural hallmark of diabetic sympathetic neuropathy. It does not appear to be
      an accentuation of an age-related phenomenon, but rather, it is caused by the
      persistent diabetic dysmetabolism.

PMID- 4050973
TI  - Inflammatory mediators and modulators released in organ culture from rabbit skin
      lesions produced in vivo by sulfur mustard. I. Quantitative histopathology; PMN,
      basophil, and mononuclear cell survival; and unbound (serum) protein content.
AB  - When applied topically to the skin of rabbits in vivo, sulfur mustard (SM), the
      vesicant used in World War I, produced a slowly developing inflammatory response,
      which peaked in size at 1 and 2 days, ulcerated within 3 days, and
      reepithelialized by 10 days. Histologically, basophils and polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes (PMNs) were common in both early and late lesions, and the crust over
      the ulcers was composed of dead epidermal cells, fibrin, and large numbers of
      PMNs. Healing occurred under the crust by migration of epidermal cells from the
      margins of the lesions and from the hair follicles. In organ culture, the lesion
      explants survived well, and reepithelialization even took place. Their excellent
      survival enabled us to compare the life spans of the infiltrating leukocytes
      within an inflammatory site. PMNs within the explants began disappearing during
      the first day of culture, and almost all had disappeared by 3 days. In contrast,
      over half of the basophils and the mononuclear cells within the explants were
      still present after 3 days of culture. The 1-, 2-, 3-, 6-, and 10-day (1.0-sq cm)
      SM lesion biopsies showed a 30-45% increase in weight (when compared with normal
      skin), presumably due to the extravasation of serum proteins and the fluids
      retained by them. When the biopsies were organ-cultured for 3 days, the 1-, 2-,
      and 3-day lesions lost weight, and the 6- and 10-day lesions (and normal skin)
      gained weight. These weight differences were not due to the amount of unbound
      protein extractable into the culture fluids, because both the early lesions and
      the late lesions contained about the same amount of unbound protein. The most
      likely explanation for these weight differences is that the newly formed ground
      substances of late lesions absorbed culture fluid, because the ground substance
      had changed from the sol state of acute inflammation (in which it was
      extractable) back to its normal gel state (in which it was not extractable). The
      unbound protein extractable into the culture fluids was mostly of serum origin.
      This protein averaged 1.9 mg for 1.0 sq cm normal skin explants (with a mean
      weight of 215 mg), and 6.4 mg for 1-day SM lesions (with a mean weight of 313
      mg). Because rabbit serum contains about 60 mg protein/ml, these figures indicate
      that normal skin contained about 15% (unbound) serum by weight.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4050974
TI  - Lewis antigens in normal and neoplastic urothelium.
AB  - The Lewis (Lea and Leb) antigens are closely related to the A, B, H blood group
      antigens and have been demonstrated in several secretory epithelia, but their
      expression in nonsecretory cells has not been studied systematically. This report
      provides detailed data on the expression of Lea and Leb in normal and neoplastic
      urothelium. The authors have examined multiple biopsy specimens of normal bladder
      mucosa and transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) from 74 patients whose red blood
      cells (RBCs) were also typed for A, B, H, Lea, and Leb antigens and have
      correlated tissue antigen detectability with the RBC phenotype and the cytologic
      grade of malignancy. Antisera of human and animal sources were used in a modified
      red cell adherence test (RCA), and multiple controls were employed for
      determination of the specificity of the reactions. Both fresh-frozen and paraffin
      processed tissues were examined from each patient. Paraffin processing as well as
      treatment with ethanol significantly suppressed the tissue reactions. Ninety-four
      percent of normal mucosa specimens and 73% of TCCs gave positive reactions with
      both anti-Lea and anti-Leb sera. Abnormal patterns of Lewis reactivity were
      observed in 43% of Grade III or IV and in 14% of Grade I or II TCCs. Although
      there was no direct correlation between A, B, H reactivity and Lewis reactivity,
      all TCCs which had abnormally low reactivity for both the expected Le and A, B,
      or H antigens were of high grade and invasive.

PMID- 4050975
TI  - Inflammatory mediators and modulators release in organ culture from rabbit skin
      lesions produced in vivo by sulfur mustard. II. Evans blue dye experiments that
      determined the rates of entry and turnover of serum protein in developing and
      healing lesions.
AB  - Extravasated serum seems to be the major modulator of the local inflammatory
      response, because it provides both proinflammatory and antiinflammatory
      components. This report describes the rates of entry and turnover of extravasated
      serum protein in dermal inflammatory lesions produced by the military vesicant
      sulfur mustard (SM). Rabbits, bearing SM skin lesions, were given an intravenous
      injection of Evans blue dye, so that at the time of sacrifice, 2 hours later,
      their skin lesions were 2 hours and 1,2,3,6, and 10 days of age. Evans blue
      labels serum albumin, a representative serum protein. By multiplying the amount
      of Evans blue contained in the lesions by a factor that converted micrograms of
      Evans blue into milligrams of serum protein, the authors could estimate the 2
      hour rate of entry of serum protein into these lesions. Serum protein in the
      lesions was both bound and unbound. The unbound protein was extractable from the
      lesions into the culture fluids, and, electrophoretically, was similar in
      composition to serum protein. Grossly edematous peak lesions (1 day of age)
      contained 7.8 mg of unbound serum protein per square centimeter of skin. Healing
      lesions (6 and 10 days of age) contained about 4.5 mg/sq cm, and normal skin
      about 1.7 mg/sq cm. Lesions 1 day of age had the highest rate of serum albumin
      entry, and about 36% of this Evans-blue-labeled protein was unbound, ie,
      extractable into the culture fluids. Lesions 3 and 6 days of age had a rate of
      serum albumin entry that was roughly half that of 1-day lesions, and only about
      13% of this entering protein was unbound. Normal skin had a very low rate of
      serum albumin entry, and only 8% of this entering protein was unbound. The
      turnover rate of the unbound (extractable) serum protein could be estimated from
      the 2-hour entry rate of the Evans-blue-labeled albumin and the total protein in
      the culture fluids. In 1-day lesions, about 25% of the serum protein in the
      culture fluids was protein which had entered during the last 2 hours, so that
      100% of this unbound protein should have been replaced once in 8 hours. In
      contrast, in 3- and 6-day lesions, this unbound serum protein should have been
      replaced once in about 35 hours, and in normal skin once in 80 hours. Evans-blue
      labeled serum albumin continuously entered both the bound and unbound
      compartments of the SM lesions, even during the healing stages.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4050976
TI  - Ultrastructural alterations in allylamine cardiovascular toxicity. Late
      myocardial and vascular lesions.
AB  - The late myocardial and vascular ultrastructural changes in rat hearts following
      consumption of the cardiovascular toxin allylamine were studied. Rats were given
      0.1% allylamine HCl in drinking water for 10-104 days. From 10 to 21 days, there
      was organization of acute myocardial necrosis by macrophages and scattered
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes with prominent interstitial-cell proliferation.
      Alterations at 21-104 days included extensive scarring with formation of dense
      mature collagen with scattered fibroblasts present, grossly evident left
      ventricular aneurysm, and gross and microscopic changes similar to those observed
      in the secondary form of endocardial fibroelastosis. Areas of scar contained
      highly cellular foci of smooth-muscle cells, myofibroblasts, and abundant
      extracellular elastin. Cardiac myocytes frequently showed markedly disorganized
      myofilaments, bizarrely distorted mitochondria with condensed cristae, and other
      severe degenerative changes. Small vessels within and adjacent to scar showed
      proliferation of intimal smooth-muscle cells. Endothelial lesions or recent or
      organized thrombi were not seen. Focal endocardial metaplasia, consisting of both
      chondroid and osseous tissue, was found in areas of transmural scarring, or
      ventricular aneurysm. Chondrocytes had the overall nuclear and cellular
      morphology, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, and surrounding lacunae typical
      of mature fibrocartilage. In some areas, the collagen matrix was undergoing
      calcification with the typical cross-banded pattern of calcifying connective
      tissue. Osteocytes were located in a densely calcified bone matrix and displayed
      characteristic cellular extensions into surrounding canaliculi. These findings
      indicate a severe myocardial, small-vessel, and endocardial injury during the
      course of chronic allylamine intoxication.

PMID- 4050977
TI  - Kinetics of acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine (AGEPC)-induced acute lung
      alterations in the rabbit.
AB  - Acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine (AGEPC; 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn
      glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine) was infused intravenously into rabbits (0.5
      micrograms/kg); subsequently, temporal pulmonary alterations were assessed
      histologically. Within 30 seconds after AGEPC infusion, widespread platelet and
      neutrophil aggregates were distributed throughout the pulmonary microvasculature.
      Concomitantly, small muscular arteries and bronchioles throughout the lungs were
      contracted. Five minutes after AGEPC infusion, intravascular pulmonary platelet
      aggregates were less frequent and smaller than those observed at 30 seconds after
      infusion; however, AGEPC-induced pulmonary neutrophil sequestration persisted.
      Moreover, at this time, large mononucleated cells and damaged endothelial cells
      were prevalent throughout the pulmonary microvasculature. Sixty minutes after
      infusion, neither platelet aggregates nor arterial or bronchiolar constriction
      was observed. However, in most animals, neutrophils and large mononucleated cells
      were still abundant, and focal endothelial cell alterations persisted. In
      addition, discrete areas of interstitial hemorrhage around small and medium-sized
      arteries were present. These studies suggest that the intravascular release of
      AGEPC could initiate significant pulmonary injury and therefore could be an
      important etiologic factor in the development of inflammatory lung diseases.

PMID- 4050979
TI  - The versatility of presculptured homograft incus prostheses.
AB  - A twelve-year experience with banked homograft ossicles has developed into a
      system of presculptured incus allografts adapted for the correction of many
      ossicular defects encountered in tympanoplasty and revision stapes surgery. The
      standardized preparation of a number of variations of modeled incus prostheses
      for an operating room bank by a well-trained ear homograft laboratory technician
      has been an effective and time-saving technique.

PMID- 4050980
TI  - Contralateral hearing loss following inner ear injury: sympathetic
      cochleolabyrinthitis?
AB  - Acoustic tumor surgery provided an ideal model in which to study possible
      contralateral hearing loss following a destructive surgical procedure on the
      inner ear. Follow-up audiometric studies were performed on patients with
      unilateral acoustic tumors who had undergone resection of their tumors. Patients
      who had obvious causes for contralateral hearing loss, such as chronic otitis
      media, unrelated otologic surgery, and noise-induced hearing loss, were excluded
      from this patient population. A total of 380 patients had available pre- and
      postoperative audiograms. A mean air-conduction threshold (500, 1000, 2000 Hz) of
      greater than or equal to 20 dB was considered a significant hearing loss. After
      adjusting these losses for presbycusis, 1.3% of these patients still had a
      significant contralateral hearing loss. We discuss the possible causes for the
      development of contralateral hearing loss and examine the possibility that,
      following surgical manipulation and injury to the inner ear, immunocompetent
      cells become sensitized to previously unseen inner ear antigens, setting the
      stage for contralateral inner ear dysfunction. The similarities of this condition
      to sympathetic ophthalmia are discussed.

PMID- 4050978
TI  - The effects of 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol on platelet protein phosphorylation and
      platelet ultrastructure.
AB  - 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol (OAG), an activator of protein kinase C and a synthetic
      diglyceride, was used in an investigation of the role of diglycerides in platelet
      stimulus-activation coupling. OAG (20-100 micrograms/ml) added to platelets
      resulted in rapid phosphorylation of the 47,000-dalton protein as well as a
      gradual dose dependent disappearance of alpha granules and dense bodies and the
      appearance of vacuolar structures containing remnants of granule matrix material.
      These morphologic changes occurred more slowly than the phosphorylation of 47K,
      which suggests that if these are related the phosphorylated 47K serves to
      activate some other mechanism, which is ultimately responsible for the changes
      observed. These results are most consistent with the role for the phosphorylation
      of 47K to promote granule labilization. Myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation
      also occurred. An absence of granule centralization suggests that MLC
      phosphorylation by protein kinase C may not trigger effective actin-myosin
      contraction.

PMID- 4050981
TI  - Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorhinorrhea.
AB  - Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorrhea implies the observation of CSF
      draining from the ear or nose without any previous history of traumatic or
      infectious etiology. The term does not exclude embryologic or developmental
      abnormalities. The condition may be life-threatening. Thus far it has been
      reported about twenty times. Because it is rare, misdiagnosis or failure to make
      a timely early diagnosis is common and proper therapy may be delayed. The purpose
      of this article is to review pertinent literature on this subject and to present
      two additional case reports. Emphasis will be placed on accuracy of diagnosis and
      on the surgical technique employed in repair of the discovered defect.

PMID- 4050982
TI  - Surgery and the patient with heart disease.

PMID- 4050983
TI  - Cryptococcal meningitis: presentation as sudden deafness.
AB  - A patient presented with a bilateral profound hearing loss of sudden onset
      following a two-month neurologic illness. Microscopy and culture of cerebrospinal
      fluid revealed Cryptococcus neoformans. Treatment with amphotericin B and 5
      fluorocytosine failed to restore hearing. Auditory brain stem response and
      electrical promontory stimulation suggest a profound deafness with poor neuronal
      survival. This is consistent with previous temporal bone histopathology reports
      in individuals dying of cryptococcal meningitis, suggesting a retrocochlear
      lesion. It is important to exclude this occult pathologic factor in a patient
      with the sudden onset of sensorineural deafness prior to embarking upon a course
      of steroid therapy.

PMID- 4050984
TI  - Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.

PMID- 4050985
TI  - Familial carpal tunnel syndrome in three generations of a black family.
AB  - This is a report of familial carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) occurring in seven
      members of three generations of a black family. Two of the cases had associated
      flexor tendonitis with trigger finger symptoms. Twenty members of four
      generations had nerve conduction studies. The age of those affected by CTS ranged
      from 29 to 67 years of age. Two subjects to date required bilateral CTS surgical
      releases. The familial CTS appears to have an autosomal dominant pattern of CTS
      inheritance with high penetrance. This is believed to be the first report of
      familial CTS in a black family.

PMID- 4050986
TI  - Motor unit activity under low tensions as muscle changes length.
AB  - Twenty men between 24 and 38 years of age performed tracking tasks involving
      abduction, adduction, and holding the position of the little finger against
      constant adductive torques of 5, 10, and 15 percent of maximal abductive effort.
      Abduction and adduction were performed at 12 degrees per second between 0 and 30
      degrees of abduction. Isometric tasks were performed at 10, 15, and 20 degrees.
      Myoelectric activity from the abductor digiti minimi muscle, recorded through
      fine wires, occurring between 10 and 20 degrees of abduction was analyzed in
      terms of global content (by rectifying and averaging the electromyograms) and in
      terms of identifiable action potentials of individual motor units. For the
      rectified electromyograms, averaged amplitude at a given load was greatest when
      the muscle was shortening (abduction), next greatest when the muscle was
      lengthening (adduction), and least when the muscle was isometric. Change in
      rectified electromyographic amplitude between 10 and 20 degrees of abduction was
      greater when the muscle was shortening than when it was lengthening or isometric.
      Mean firing rate for identified motor units was higher when the muscle was
      shortening than when lengthening or remaining isometric. The results of this
      study suggest that maintaining muscle activity against a small load is most
      easily done if the muscle is isometric, and least easily done if the muscle is
      shortening.

PMID- 4050987
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptors in sheep brain tissues during development.
AB  - In this study we describe changes in the number of glucocorticoid binding sites
      that occur in cytosols of pituitary, hypothalamic, and hippocampal tissue
      obtained from fetal, newborn, and adult sheep. We observed specific, saturable
      binding of [3H]triamcinolone acetonide by cytosols of all three tissues. There
      were both age-related and tissue-related differences in the number of binding
      sites observed. By midgestation (70 days) significant quantities of binding sites
      were present in pituitary and brain tissues, and the number remained relatively
      constant throughout gestation and in the neonatal period. The number of binding
      sites declined markedly in cytosols from adult tissues. At all ages there were
      more binding sites present in pituitary cytosols than in cytosols of hypothalamus
      and hippocampus. The sucrose density gradient profile of the radioactive ligand
      binding site complex is characteristic of a glucocorticoid receptor. Thus, by
      midgestation at least a portion of the biochemical machinery mediating
      glucocorticoid effects is present in the fetal pituitary and in specific brain
      tissues considered important in the modulation of ACTH secretion by
      corticosteroids.

PMID- 4050988
TI  - Nutritional efficiency of alpha-ketoisocaproate relative to leucine, assessed
      isotopically.
AB  - The efficiency of alpha-ketoisocaproate as a dietary substitute for leucine was
      assessed in rats by two techniques: first, the minimal dose of alpha
      ketoisocaproate required, as a supplement to a leucine-free diet, to achieve a
      growth rate as great as animals receiving leucine was found to be between 2.2 and
      4.4 times larger. Therefore the nutritional efficiency of alpha-ketoisocaproate
      lies between 0.23 and 0.46. Second, alpha-[1-14C]-ketoisocaproate and [3H]leucine
      were administered orally and the ratio of 14C/3H incorporated into the leucine of
      whole-body protein and fibrin was measured. This ratio, divided by the ratio
      14C/3H injected, was the same in fibrin as in whole-body protein and averaged
      0.39. Thus both techniques yield the same value, within the error of measurement,
      for the relative nutritional efficiency of alpha-ketoisocaproate. We also found
      that alpha-ketoisocaproate feeding at varying dosage did not alter this ratio in
      whole-body protein (measured in rats fasted overnight), suggesting that neither
      wide variations in growth rate nor exposure for 10 days to alpha-ketoisocaproate
      (in a diet of constant protein content) alters the relative rates of utilization
      (or oxidation) of alpha-ketoisocaproate vs. leucine.

PMID- 4050990
TI  - Use of residence time moments in compartmental analysis.
AB  - Residence time moments, particularly mean residence times, can be very useful in
      the modeling and kinetic analysis of physiological systems. They are defined and
      illustrated, and their practical utility is then explored by comparing the model
      formulation based on these moments with three alternative formulations: component
      half-lives, compartmental model rate coefficients, and multiexponential model
      coefficients and exponents. The residence time moment formulation is shown to
      have several advantages: a smaller number of parameters are usually needed to
      describe a biological system; they have a clear physical interpretation; their
      statistical "power" to detect certain treatment differences is greater; and they
      are computationally simpler in many situations.

PMID- 4050989
TI  - Evidence for a functional renin-angiotensin system in full-term fetoplacental
      unit.
AB  - This investigation was performed to study the renin-angiotensin system in the
      human fetoplacental circulation. Full-term placentas from uncomplicated
      pregnancies were studied within 30 min of delivery. The umbilical artery and vein
      to a single placental cotyledon were cannulated and the artery perfused with RPMI
      media (0.764 ml/min). Angiotensin II caused a dose-dependent increase in
      perfusion pressure that was blunted by the administration of the competitive
      angiotensin II receptor antagonist saralasin. The properties of human placental
      angiotensin II receptors were further defined in binding studies performed on a
      crude membrane fraction of placental cotyledons. In experiments performed at 22
      degrees C, saturable binding reached steady state at 30 min and was linear with
      protein concentration. Scatchard analysis of binding data indicated a single
      class of high-affinity binding sites. The potency order to competitive binding of
      analogues and antagonists of angiotensin II was [Ile5]angiotensin II = [Sar1,
      Ala8]-angiotensin II greater than [Val5]angiotensin II greater than angiotensin
      III greater than angiotensin II-(3-8) hexapeptide. Further evidence for the
      physiological significance of angiotensin II binding sites was provided by
      measurements of the circulating components of the renin-angiotensin system in
      umbilical venous blood (n = 7). Plasma renin activity, angiotensin I, angiotensin
      converting enzyme activity, angiotensin II, and aldosterone were each present in
      elevated amounts. These experiments provide evidence for an active renin
      angiotensin system in the human fetal circulation that may modulate placental
      perfusion and function under physiological conditions.

PMID- 4050991
TI  - A 24-m3 direct heat-sink calorimeter with on-line data acquisition, processing,
      and control.
AB  - The construction and performance of a 24-m3 direct heat-sink calorimeter for
      continuous measurement of evaporative and sensible heat loss in human subjects
      are described. Extensive use of real-time processing for compensation of physical
      time constants and delays made it possible to solve response-time and stability
      problems associated with the large volume. The performance characteristics of the
      calorimeter are 1) a linear response between 0 and 320 W (471 g . h-1) for
      evaporative heat with a precision of 4.0-0.6% in the range 25-100 W, 2) a linear
      response between 0 and 280 W for sensible heat with a precision of 1.4-0.2% in
      the range 50-200 W, 3) a stability corresponding to a drift of less than 0.6 W
      (24 and 72 h) on both evaporative and sensible heat outputs and 24- and 72-h
      standard deviations (values every 2 min) of 0.3 and 0.4 W for evaporative heat
      and 0.6 and 0.7 W for sensible heat, 4) response times (95%) of 15 min for both
      evaporative and sensible heat, 5) independency on the position of the calibration
      source within the chamber, 6) no measurable "cross talk" between evaporative and
      sensible heat inputs, 7) negligible dependency of the external air humidity
      between 14 and 70%, and 8) operating temperature range from 18 to 30 degrees C.
      More than 40 experiments of 25-h duration with human subjects have been carried
      out. In no case was any discomfort recorded. An example of the 25-h continuous
      evaporative and sensible heat output tracing of one experiment is given.

PMID- 4050992
TI  - Muscle glucose oxidation.

PMID- 4050993
TI  - Effect of glucagon on hepatic taurocholate uptake: relationship to membrane
      potential.
AB  - Since glucagon can hyperpolarize hepatic plasma membrane and stimulate biliary
      bile acid secretion in vitro, we studied the effect of glucagon on taurocholate
      uptake and its relationship to plasma membrane potential in isolated rat
      hepatocytes. [14C]taurocholate uptake was linear through 1 min and contained a
      saturable sodium-dependent and a nonsaturable sodium-independent component. Km of
      taurocholate uptake by the sodium-dependent system was 18.4 microM. Hill
      coefficient for Na+ was 2.59 and for taurocholate was 1.1, suggesting that the
      stoichiometry is 2 Na+:1 bile acid. Stimulation of taurocholate uptake by
      glucagon was limited to the sodium-dependent component, detected within 5 min of
      hormone exposure, and was maximum at 30 min. Glucagon, from 10(-8) to 10(-5) M,
      stimulated taurocholate uptake and hyperpolarized concurrently the plasma
      membrane potential. Because valinomycin produced a dose-related depolarization of
      plasma membrane potential, this agent was used to counteract the effects of
      glucagon. With 10(-6) M glucagon, valinomycin (10(-10) M) depolarized membrane
      potential from -35.50 to -28.00 mV and inhibited taurocholate uptake from 60%
      above the control rate to 5% below. These data strongly suggest that taurocholate
      uptake by isolated hepatocytes is an electrogenic process, and its stimulation by
      glucagon may be mediated by changes in plasma membrane potential.

PMID- 4050994
TI  - Ileal mucosal growth during intraluminal infusion of ethylamine or putrescine.
AB  - Either ethylamine or the diamine putrescine was infused at the rate of 1 mumol/h
      for 66 h into the ileal lumen of rats. Total mucosal RNA, DNA, and protein
      content was greater in amine-treated rats than in rats receiving 0.9% NaCl.
      Growth was greatest in the mucosa surrounding the tip of the infusion catheter
      but was also observed 9 cm proximal and distal to the catheter tip. Infusion of
      these amines induced the activity of the enzymes ornithine and S
      adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. Ornithine decarboxylase activity was increased
      2- and 6-fold and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity 10- and 5-fold by
      putrescine and ethylamine, respectively. Induction of the polyamine biosynthetic
      enzymes was not accompanied by increases in the tissue content of polyamines.
      Putrescine, spermidine, and spermine content of the ileal mucosa surrounding the
      catheter tip was the same in 0.9% NaCl-, ethylamine-, and putrescine-treated
      animals. Finally, ethylamine was without effect on serum gastrin concentration in
      these experiments. The results suggest that amines regulate mucosal growth and
      may do so by modulating the activity of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of
      the polyamines.

PMID- 4050995
TI  - Iron absorption in normal and iron-deficient beagle dogs: mucosal iron kinetics.
AB  - Absorption of dietary iron requires uptake of iron by the brush border of the
      intestinal epithelial cells, intracellular transport, and transfer to the
      systemic circulation. In iron-deficiency anemia, iron absorption is greatly
      increased, but the individual steps responsible for this increase have not been
      identified. We have developed a method to evaluate the rate constants for each of
      these steps, and we report here our results in beagle dogs a) under normal
      conditions and b) after phlebotomy to produce iron-deficiency anemia.
      Simultaneous administration of oral 59Fe3+-citrate and intravenous 55Fe
      transferrin was used to investigate the kinetics of mucosal iron transport.
      Plasma levels of both isotopes and the whole-body excretion pattern of 59Fe were
      monitored sequentially, and the fractional mucosal transport rates were estimated
      by nonlinear least-squares fit of a physiologically based mathematical model to
      these data. Under normal conditions the fractional rate of mucosal iron uptake
      from the intestinal lumen was rate limiting, being less than 1% of the fractional
      rate of either iron incorporation into the mucosal storage pool or transfer of
      iron from the mucosa to the plasma. After induction of iron-deficiency anemia,
      the fractional mucosal iron uptake rate increased sixfold (P less than 0.005),
      while the rate of incorporation into the mucosal storage pool decreased ninefold
      (P less than 0.02); in contrast, the fractional rate of iron transfer to the
      plasma did not change. These results indicate that the enhanced iron absorption
      in iron-deficiency anemia is attributable to an increase in mucosal iron
      available for transfer to the plasma, leading in turn to a net increase in iron
      absorption, despite a normal fractional transfer rate.

PMID- 4050996
TI  - Hypersensitive prostaglandin and thromboxane response to hormones in rabbit
      colitis.
AB  - Inflammation of the colon is associated with increased production of
      prostaglandins (PG) and thromboxanes (Tx), and these eicosanoids may contribute
      to the inflammatory, secretory, and motility dysfunctions in colitis. To evaluate
      the potential role of peptide hormones in the enhanced eicosanoid release,
      colitis was established in rabbits by a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to
      dinitrochlorobenzene and by an immune-complex-mediated reaction. PG and Tx were
      identified in the venous effluent of isolated perfused colons by
      radiochromatography after [14C]arachidonic acid prelabeling, as well as by
      bioassay, and then quantitated by immunoassay. The two colitis models were
      morphologically similar. Basal release of PGE2, PGI2, and TxA2 was two- to
      threefold greater from colitis tissue than from control tissue. Bradykinin (BK)
      and angiotensin II (ANG II) increased release of 14C-labeled eicosanoids, whereas
      several gastrointestinal hormones had no effect. In control colons, BK and ANG II
      increased PGE2 and PGI2 release (by about 2-fold) but did not alter TxA2. In
      contrast, BK and ANG II markedly exaggerated the release of eicosanoids in
      colitis. BK increased TxA2 release with 10-ng bolus injections in colitis, but
      there was no response with up to 10-micrograms bolus injections in control
      colons. The BK-induced Tx release in colitis was associated with an increase in
      vascular resistance (measured as perfusion pressure). Infusion of the selective
      Tx inhibitors dazoxiben and OKY-046 reduced TxB2 release by 96% and blunted the
      transient rise in perfusion pressure (from 17 +/- 5 to 5 +/- 2 mmHg). Since BK
      and possibly ANG II are increased at sites of inflammation, the hypersensitive
      eicosanoid response to these peptides may augment the eicosanoid-mediated
      manifestations of colitis.

PMID- 4050997
TI  - Cl- requirement for saliva secretion in the isolated, perfused rat submandibular
      gland.
AB  - Replacement of perfusate Cl- with Br- reduced by 37% the volume of saliva
      secreted by isolated, perfused rat submandibular glands exposed to 10(-6) M
      acetylcholine. Replacement of perfusate Cl- with SO4(2-) reduced fluid secretion
      by 73%, while replacement of bicarbonate with HEPES or addition of acetazolamide
      had no effect on salivary flows or volumes. Furosemide (10(-3) M) reduced saliva
      secretion when added to Cl- -(73%) or Br- -containing (56%) perfusates and also
      to HEPES- (95%) or acetazolamide-containing (82%) perfusates. Perfusion of the
      glands with furosemide or SO4- containing perfusates resulted in significantly
      reduced salivary Cl- concentrations and increased residual anion (Na+-K+-Ca2+-Cl
      ) concentrations, while perfusion with solutions containing acetazolamide or with
      HCO3- -free (HEPES) perfusates resulted in opposite changes in salivary anions.
      Addition of furosemide to HEPES- or acetazolamide-containing perfusates reversed
      these changes and caused a reduction in salivary Cl- concentrations and an
      increase in residual anion concentrations. It is concluded that 1) extracellular
      Cl- is required for saliva secretion in the rat submandibular gland, 2) the
      required external Cl- enters the salivary cells by a furosemide-sensitive
      transport system, which is likely to be similar to a Na+-K+-Cl- cotransport
      system described in other epithelia, 3) HCO3- is not normally required for saliva
      secretion but can sustain it partially when Cl- transport is inhibited by either
      furosemide or Cl- replacement, and 4) salivary electrolyte changes induced by Cl-
      or HCO3- replacement or by furosemide probably represent combined effects on
      acinar secretion and transductal electrolyte transport.

PMID- 4050998
TI  - Influence of side-chain charge on hepatic transport of bile acids and bile acid
      analogues.
AB  - The importance of side-chain charge on hepatic uptake and biliary secretion of
      bile acids and analogues was studied using the isolated, perfused rat liver and
      the anesthetized rat with a bile fistula. Derivatives of cholic acid with
      negative, neutral, zwitterionic, or positive charges on the side chain were
      synthesized and studied. Hepatic uptake by the isolated perfused liver,
      determined by measuring the rate of disappearance of a single 20-mumol bolus
      added to the perfusate, was strongly influenced by side-chain charge. A fully
      positively charged bile acid derivative (cholylcholamine) and two fully
      zwitterionic bile acid derivatives (CHAPS and cholyllysine) showed no appreciable
      uptake (less than 1% of the uptake rate of cholyltaurine). Bile acid derivatives
      existing mostly in cationic form (cholylamine) at pH 7.4, in neutral form
      (cholylglycylhistamine), or in divalent anion form (cholylaspartate and
      cholylcysteate) had an uptake rate that was greater but only 7-19% that of
      cholyltaurine. Side-chain charge also appeared to influence the rate of secretion
      into bile. Bile acids existing in mono- or dianionic form were well secreted
      (greater than 95% of dose in 2 h) into the bile, but all other derivatives had
      much lower secretion rates (less than 20% of dose in 2 h). When the biliary
      secretion of each bile acid derivative was expressed in relation to the amount
      that had entered the liver, relative secretion rates (presumably from liver cell)
      into bile decreased in the following order: cholyltaurine greater than
      cholylaspartate and cholylcysteate greater than CHAPS greater than cholyllysine
      greater than cholylglycylhistamine approximately equal to cholylamine. In bile
      fistula rats, cholylaspartate was quantitatively secreted into bile when infused
      at rates below its secretory maximum, whereas only very low biliary secretion
      rates of CHAPS were observed even during relatively high infusion rates;
      cholylamine was cholestatic. The above data show that, although uncharged and
      anionic derivatives of cholic acid may be taken up by the liver at a moderate
      rate, only anionic derivatives (both monovalent and divalent) are well secreted
      from within the liver cell into bile. A single negative charge on the side chain
      appears to be required for optimal transport of a bile acid from sinusoidal blood
      to bile.

PMID- 4050999
TI  - Intestinal control of gastric tone.
AB  - By use of a newly developed electronic barostat, we investigated chyme-mediated
      intestinal regulation of gastric tone in a canine model. In this model the
      proximal (3 dogs) or distal (3 dogs) small intestine was luminally isolated,
      maintaining neuromuscular continuity. Gastric tone was measured by recording
      variations in the volume of air within an intragastric bag that was maintained at
      a constant pressure (2 mmHg) by the electronic barostat. The isolated intestinal
      loop was perfused constantly (5 ml/min) with either isotonic saline (control) or
      with test infusates (osmolality, 300 mosmol/kg; pH 7.4) of carbohydrate
      (maltose), protein (casein hydrolysate), fat (sodium oleate), or a combination of
      all three nutrients. The combined nutrient solution, infused into either the
      proximal or the distal intestine, profoundly inhibited gastric tone. Fat infused
      into the proximal intestine induced gastric relaxation, whereas protein had only
      a modest effect and carbohydrate had no effect. In contrast, in the distal
      intestine carbohydrate and protein markedly reduced gastric tone, whereas fat had
      no effect. We conclude that nutrients in the small bowel regulate gastric tone by
      a mechanism that is nutrient and region specific.

PMID- 4051000
TI  - Effects of pentobarbital sodium anesthesia on splanchnic hemodynamics of normal
      and portal-hypertensive rats.
AB  - To determine the effect of pentobarbital sodium anesthesia on the rat with portal
      hypertension due to portal vein stenosis, four groups of rats were studied.
      Cardiac output and regional blood flow were measured by radioactive microspheres
      in anesthetized and conscious sham-operated and portal-hypertensive rats.
      Anesthesia markedly decreased cardiac output in both sham-operated (109.7 +/- 4.6
      vs. 77.8 +/- 1.4 ml/min, P less than 0.001) and portal-hypertensive rats (130.1
      +/- 7.6 vs. 93.8 +/- 5.3 ml/min, P less than 0.01). In spite of this diminution
      in cardiac output, pentobarbital did not significantly change absolute blood flow
      values of splanchnic organs in either group. However, the fractions of cardiac
      output perfusing the splanchnic organs were significantly increased by
      pentobarbital in both groups because of the decrease in cardiac output: sham
      operated, anesthetized, 22.86 +/- 1.19% vs. conscious, 14.83 +/- 1.02%, P less
      than 0.001; and portal hypertensive, anesthetized, 26.67 +/- 0.71% vs. conscious,
      19.07 +/- 1.44%, P less than 0.001. The hyperdynamic circulation of the portal
      vein-stenosed rat compared with the sham-operated rat continued to manifest
      itself with significantly increased portal pressure, cardiac output, and
      splanchnic blood flow, whether the animal was anesthetized or awake. We conclude
      that, despite marked hemodynamic changes induced by pentobarbital, the rat with
      portal vein stenosis remains a useful experimental model of portal hypertension.

PMID- 4051001
TI  - Cholinergic nerves and intestinal transport.

PMID- 4051002
TI  - Bicarbonate transport by isolated perfused rat collecting ducts.
AB  - Previously, bicarbonate transport was measured in isolated perfused rabbit
      cortical collecting ducts (CCD) and outer medullary collecting ducts (OMCD).
      Rabbit CCD either absorbed or secreted bicarbonate in vitro, depending on whether
      the animals were treated with NH4Cl or NaHCO3, but the OMCD absorbed bicarbonate
      regardless of the treatment. The general significance of these findings
      (particularly the bicarbonate secretion) was questioned because rabbits are
      herbivores that normally excrete alkaline urine. Therefore, we have now studied
      rats, an omnivorous species, that normally excrete acid urine. The overall
      pattern of bicarbonate transport in rats was similar to that previously found in
      rabbits. CCD from rats given NaHCO3 initially secreted bicarbonate, but those
      from rats given NH4Cl absorbed bicarbonate. Rat OMCD all absorbed bicarbonate,
      regardless of the treatment. The significant differences between the results with
      rats and rabbits were 1) a marked shift in bicarbonate transport in control and
      bicarbonate-loaded rat (but not rabbit) CCD with time of perfusion in vitro from
      secretion toward absorption; this implies an additional regulatory mechanism in
      rats; and 2) rat OMCDs absorbing bicarbonate more than three times faster than
      rabbit OMCD. These results provide additional evidence that conditioned changes
      in cortical collecting duct bicarbonate transport, now observed in two different
      species, play a significant role in the control of net acid excretion.

PMID- 4051003
TI  - Reduced renal blood flow in early cisplatin-induced acute renal failure in the
      rat.
AB  - Studies were designed to determine the cause of the reduced glomerular filtration
      rate (GFR) in early cisplatin-induced acute renal failure. Rats were studied 72 h
      following a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (5 mg/kg) or vehicle
      (0.9% NaCl). Whole kidney GFR and blood flow were lower in cisplatin-treated
      animals than in controls (0.30 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.17 +/- 0.06 ml X min-1 X g kidney
      wt-1 and 5.30 +/- 0.62 vs. 8.25 +/- 0.43 ml X min-1 X g kidney wt-1,
      respectively; P less than 0.001), as were superficial nephron GFR and stop-flow
      pressure (20.2 +/- 2.1 vs. 34.5 +/- 2.0 nl X min-1 X g kidney wt-1 and 29.0 +/-
      1.9 vs. 39.8 +/- 1.3 mmHg, respectively; P less than 0.001). After volume
      expansion, renal plasma flow increased in control rats, whereas whole kidney and
      single nephron GFR did not change. In experimental animals, whole kidney
      filtration rate rose to 0.58 +/- 0.07 ml X min-1 X g kidney wt-1, single nephron
      filtration rate increased to 29.9 +/- 3.5 nl X min-1 X g kidney wt-1 (P less than
      0.005), and renal plasma flow increased to 5.62 +/- 0.60 ml X min-1 X g kidney wt
      1 (P less than 0.05). Intratubular hydrostatic pressure was not different in the
      two groups before or after volume expansion. The results of these studies show
      that the reduced GFR in early cisplatin-induced renal failure is due, in part, to
      reversible changes in renal blood flow and renal vascular resistance.

PMID- 4051004
TI  - Renorenal reflexes: neural components of ipsilateral and contralateral renal
      responses.
AB  - In anesthetized rats, stimulating renal mechanoreceptors (MR) by increasing renal
      venous pressure (RVP) 22 mmHg increased ipsilateral (ipsi) renal vascular
      resistance (RVR) from 23.5 to 31.3 mmHg/(ml X min-1 X g-1), ipsi urinary sodium
      excretion (UNaV) from 0.26 to 0.49 mumol X min-1 X g-1, contralateral (contra)
      urine flow rate (V) from 3.13 to 4.43 microliter X min-1 X g-1, and UNaV from
      0.30 to 0.46 mumol X min-1 X g-1. Ipsi renal denervation (DNX) did not affect the
      increase in ipsi RVR but reduced the increase in ipsi UNaV. The increases in
      contra V and UNaV were abolished by either ipsi or contra renal DNX. Increases
      RVP increased ipsi afferent renal nerve activity (ARNA) 288 counts/10 s and
      decreased ipsi and contra efferent renal nerve activity (ERNA) 242 and 490
      counts/10 s, respectively. Renal pelvic instillation of lidocaine (5
      micrograms/ml) did not affect the renal functional or electrophysiological
      responses to increases RVP but abolished the increase in ipsi ARNA, the decrease
      in contra ERNA, and the increases in contra V and UNaV produced by increasing
      ureteral pressure (UP) or retrograde ureteropelvic perfusion with 0.9 M NaCl
      [chemoreceptor (CR) stimulation]. Chronic T6 spinal cord section abolished the
      increase in ipsi ARNA, the decrease in contra ERNA, and the increases in contra V
      and UNaV produced by renal MR (increases RVP, increases UP) and CR stimulation.
      We conclude increases that RVP results in an ipsi and contra inhibitory renorenal
      reflex. Differential blockade with pelvic lidocaine suggests that the sensory
      receptors activated by increases RVP are located in an anatomically different
      area than those activated by increases UP or retrograde ureteropelvic perfusion
      with 0.9 M NaCl. An intact spinal cord is required for the normal responsiveness
      of renal sensory neuroreceptor complexes to specific stimuli in the context of
      the complete renorenal reflex response.

PMID- 4051005
TI  - Tubuloglomerular feedback during elevated renal venous pressure.
AB  - Interstitial hydrostatic and oncotic pressures are believed to influence the
      sensitivity of the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) control. To further
      investigate this hypothesis, three groups of experiments with elevated renal
      venous pressure (Prv) were conducted. We investigated 1) the stop-flow pressure
      (Psf) feedback response; 2) urine flow rate, glomerular filtration rate (GFR),
      subcapsular interstitial hydrostatic pressure (Psc), and interstitial oncotic
      pressure (pi int); and 3) the proximal-distal single nephron glomerular
      filtration rate (SNGFR). The results showed that the Psf feedback response was
      unaffected by Prv elevation. Psc increased from 0.5 to 3.5 mmHg and pi int
      increased from 2.1 to 5.8 mmHg; thus, no change in net interstitial pressure (Psc
      - pi int) was found during elevated Prv. There was a significant proximal-distal
      SNGFR difference during both control and elevated Prv (8.0 and 6.3 nl/min,
      respectively). A 20% reduction in total GFR and SNGFR was observed at increased
      Prv. In separate experiments using the same protocol, a 5% body wt/h volume
      expansion with saline was induced before Prv was elevated. During volume
      expansion, TGF sensitivity declined and net interstitial pressure increased, both
      of which were normalized by increasing Prv. The results show that the TGF
      sensitivity is normal during elevated Prv to 20 mmHg and that the increase in Psc
      during this condition is counter-balanced by an increase in pi int. In addition,
      the decrease in GFR and SNGFR during increased Prv cannot be explained by a
      change in TGF activity. However, these findings indicate that both interstitial
      hydrostatic and oncotic pressures may influence the resetting of the TGF
      sensitivity.

PMID- 4051006
TI  - Procainamide transport in rabbit renal cortical brush border membrane vesicles.
AB  - Previous studies in canine and rat renal cortical brush border membrane vesicles
      (BBMV) and some results in isolated perfused rabbit proximal tubules indicate
      that organic cations may be transported across the apical cell membrane by an
      organic cation/proton exchange process. To determine more directly whether
      organic cations are transported across the apical cell membrane of rabbit
      proximal tubules, [3H]procainamide uptake in BBMV was studied. Procainamide
      uptake was linearly related to the inverse of the media osmolarity, indicating
      uptake into an intravesicular space. A proton gradient directed from vesicle
      interior outwardly stimulated and an opposite gradient inhibited procainamide
      uptake. pH-stimulated uptake was inhibited by the proton ionophore carbonyl
      cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone (FCCP) and was also reduced by an
      inwardly directed sodium gradient. pH-stimulated procainamide uptake was
      inhibited by other organic cations including the quarternary ammonium ion
      tetramethylammonium, indicating that the effect of proton gradients was not due
      to changes in nonionic diffusion. pH-stimulated procainamide uptake at 10 s was
      saturable with an apparent Km of 5.4 X 10(-4) M and Vmax of 4.7 X 10(-10) mol X
      mg protein-1. Uptake of [3H]procainamide was enhanced when BBMV were preloaded
      with nonradioactive procainamide but this was prevented by FCCP and valinomycin.
      Finally, an outwardly directed potassium gradient in the presence of valinomycin
      failed to significantly stimulate procainamide uptake. These results are
      consistent with a mechanism of secretion that involves electroneutral exchange of
      procainamide for protons across the apical cell membrane of rabbit proximal
      tubules.

PMID- 4051007
TI  - Lack of intramembranous particle clusters in collecting ducts of mice with
      nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
AB  - We suggested previously, on the basis of indirect evidence, that in two strains
      of mice with nephrogenic defects of urinary concentration the deficiency arose
      from an inadequate rise in water permeability of the collecting duct system. In
      this study we tested the question further by assuming that the frequency of
      intramembranous particle (IMP) clusters seen by freeze-fracture can be used as a
      morphological marker of vasopressin-induced water permeability. Three genotypes
      of mice were studied: 1) DI +/+ Severe, with florid, vasopressin-resistant
      diabetes insipidus; 2) DI +/+ Nonsevere, with an intermediate deficiency of
      urinary concentration; and 3) normal, VII +/+ mice. In addition, we examined a
      group of DI +/+ Severe mice that had been injected with exogenous 1-desamino-8-D
      arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) subcutaneously for 3 days. Since the results in this
      group did not differ from those in untreated DI +/+ Severe mice, all data for
      this genotype were combined. IMP clusters within luminal membranes of inner
      medullary collecting duct principal cells were quantified by freeze-fracture
      electron microscopy. Urinary osmolality and percentage of cells showing clusters
      were, respectively: 203 +/- 43 mosmol/kg H2O and 0% in DI +/+ Severe mice; 1,133
      +/- 86 and 33 +/- 4 in DI +/+ Nonsevere mice; and 2,234 +/- 190 and 52 +/- 5 in
      VII +/+ animals. With the exception of one animal, there was no overlap of the
      data, which were significantly different from one another for each variable. We
      conclude that in DI +/+ Severe mice, both endogenous and exogenous vasopressin
      are unable to increase the water permeability of medullary collecting
      ducts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4051008
TI  - Sustained increases in heart rate induced by timed repetition of vagal
      stimulation in dogs.
AB  - We determined the influence of the "free-running cycle length" (tau FR) on
      chronotropic responses to one burst of right vagal stimuli per cardiac cycle in
      anesthetized dogs (tau FR, cycle length that prevailed in absence of right vagal
      stimulation). We varied tau FR by the following methods: 1) tonic left vagal
      stimulation in pentobarbital-anesthetized animals; 2) tonic left vagal
      stimulation plus sinus node cooling in pentobarbital-anesthetized animals; and 3)
      anesthesia with fentanyl, droperidol, and pentobarbital. When tau FR was less
      than a critical value [1,019 +/- 60 (SE) ms], right vagal stimulus bursts always
      had the expected negative chronotropic effect. However, when the tau FR was
      increased beyond critical value, right vagal stimulus bursts delivered within a
      specific portion of cardiac cycle actually had a positive chronotropic effect;
      i.e., cycle lengths diminished to values below tau FR. As tau FR was
      progressively increased beyond critical value, positive chronotropic response
      became greater and could be evoked by stimulus bursts delivered within a greater
      fraction of cardiac cycle. The right vagal stimuli that elicited the maximum
      positive chronotropic effect were those that were given approximately 235 ms
      prior to beginning of next atrial depolarization. This critical time probably
      occurs near the end of the period of phase 4 depolarization of sinus node
      automatic cells.

PMID- 4051010
TI  - Increased myocardial contractility during endotoxin shock in dogs.
AB  - The slope of the left ventricular (LV) end-systolic pressure-diameter
      relationship (Ees) was analyzed in open-chest, pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs
      before and after endotoxin administration. A lead II electrocardiogram, systemic
      arterial pressure, LV pressure, LV dP/dt, and LV minor axis diameter were
      measured. After control measurements were taken, dogs were given either 1 mg/kg
      Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin (n = 5) or an equivalent volume of saline (n =
      4). Control dogs were followed for 240 min. Endotoxic dogs were monitored until
      death (246 +/- 44 min). There were no significant changes in Ees in control dogs
      (17 +/- 3 mmHg/mm), which were hemodynamically stable for 4 h. Ees was
      significantly increased in endotoxic dogs even into the late stages of shock (41
      +/- 11 mmHg/mm, P less than 0.01). Only during the terminal phase did Ees fall
      significantly below control (11 +/- 2 mmHg/mm, P less than 0.05). End-diastolic
      diameter decreased following endotoxin administration (P less than 0.05) but
      returned toward control by the terminal stage. Peak + LV dP/dt was depressed
      following endotoxin injection. Myocardial contractility was not depressed except
      as a terminal event. Early depression of cardiovascular performance in endotoxic
      dogs was therefore due to decreased preload and not cardiac dysfunction.

PMID- 4051009
TI  - Effects of barodenervation on cardiovascular responses to static muscular
      contraction.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to measure blood flow to various tissues during
      static muscular contraction in anesthetized cats and to evaluate if the
      baroreflex modulates the cardiovascular responses to muscular contraction.
      Contraction of the hindlimb muscles induced by ventral root stimulation caused
      increases in arterial pressure (delta 37.8 +/- 5.5 mmHg) and heart rate (delta
      13.9 +/- 3.1 beats/min). Increases in blood flow to the heart, working skeletal
      muscles, and selected areas of the central nervous system occurred during
      muscular contraction. Blood flow to visceral organs did not change during
      muscular contraction. Baroreceptor-denervated cats showed a greater rise in
      arterial pressure (delta 55.5 +/- 5.5 mmHg) during muscular contraction than did
      the baroreceptor-intact cats. However, blood flow responses were similar in both
      groups. Thus the baroreceptor reflex modulates the pressor response without
      changing the alteration in blood flow during induced muscular contraction in
      anesthetized cats.

PMID- 4051011
TI  - Effect of fatty acid oxidation on efficiency of energy production in rat heart.
AB  - Myocardial fatty acid oxidation has been reported to be accompanied by an
      elevated O2 consumption compared with carbohydrate oxidation. The exact amount of
      this additional O2 consumption is controversial. Different investigators have
      observed an O2 wasting effect that is too large to be explained by the different
      ATP-to-O2 ratios of these substrates. With the use of isolated perfused rat
      hearts, O2 consumption and hemodynamic measurements were computer analyzed to
      provide on-line estimates of the ratio between O2 consumption and demand (EQ).
      Increasing palmitate or octanoate concentrations decreased the respiratory
      quotient, which was accompanied by a disproportionate increase of EQ. Inhibition
      of fatty acid oxidation by an inhibitor of acylcarnitine transferase or a
      blockade of mitochondrial thiolase caused a drastic reduction of fatty acid
      oxidation. The fatty acid-induced enhancement of O2 consumption was decreased to
      a much smaller extent, indicating that there are two different mechanisms
      responsible for the O2-wasting effect, one that depends on mitochondrial fatty
      acid oxidation and another that is not affected by an inhibition of this pathway.

PMID- 4051012
TI  - An index for estimation of oxygen consumption in rat heart by hemodynamic
      parameters.
AB  - To find a suitable index for the estimation of O2 consumption of rat hearts by
      use of hemodynamic parameters, isolated hearts were perfused under different
      working conditions. Coronary flow, arteriovenous O2 difference, cardiac output,
      and ventricular pressure curve were recorded and continuously fed into a
      computer. O2 consumption and different hemodynamic parameters such as dP/dtmax,
      maximum ventricular pressure, pressure-time integral, and heart rate were
      computed on-line. With the use of these data of 64 different steady states,
      numerous formulas containing hemodynamic parameters were tested with respect to
      their ability to predict O2 consumption. The best fit of the data was obtained by
      a linear combination of the products of rate times dP/dtmax and rate times
      pressure-time integral of one beat (r = 0.993). Indexes containing approximations
      of wall stress were not found to improve the predictive ability.

PMID- 4051013
TI  - Loading sequence is a major determinant of afterload-dependent relaxation in
      intact canine heart.
AB  - To elucidate the role of loading sequence in afterload-dependent slowed
      relaxation in hearts in situ, the time constants (Texp from best exponential
      fitting method and TL from semilogarithmic method) of isovolumetric left
      ventricular (LV) pressure decay were studied in nine anesthetized open-chest dogs
      under the pharmacological blockade of autonomic nerve activity. An afterload
      change was imposed by clamping the ascending or descending aorta to make the peak
      LV pressure early or late in systole. During afterload interventions, in
      contractions with the peak LV pressure in late systole Texp and TL were
      significantly (P less than 0.05) larger than in those with the peak LV pressure
      in early systole in any comparable peak LV pressure range. Moreover, both time
      constants were directly correlated (P less than 0.01) with the time of peak LV
      pressure irrespective of peak LV pressure and clamp mode of aorta. In another
      protocol, marked differences both in Texp and TL were also observed between each
      of 25 pairs of contractions with different loading sequence but with comparable
      peak LV pressure and LV dimension (segment length). Thus afterload-dependent
      slowed relaxation in hearts in situ could not be attributed to an increased total
      load but to the altered loading sequence associated with an increase in
      afterload.

PMID- 4051014
TI  - Modification of lymph by lymph nodes. III. Effect of increased lymph hydrostatic
      pressure.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that lymph nodes function as fluid exchange chambers
      in which the protein concentration of lymph is changed in the direction required
      to establish equilibrium of the Starling forces acting across the nodal blood
      lymph barrier. We examined the effect of increased lymph hydrostatic pressure on
      efferent lymph by use of an isolated dog popliteal node preparation in which
      lymph having a protein concentration averaging 27.6 +/- 1.2% (SD) of that of
      plasma was infused into the node at a flow rate averaging 45.6 +/- 0.2 (SD)
      microliter/min. We compared steady-state values of prenodal and postnodal lymph
      flow and protein concentration following step increases in efferent lymph
      pressure from 0 to over 15 mmHg. Increasing efferent lymph pressure to values
      less than about 8 mmHg caused the efferent lymph protein concentration to
      increase; however, further increases in lymph pressure caused the lymph protein
      concentration to decrease to values approaching those attained at very low lymph
      pressures. We suggest that the failure of high lymph pressure to increase lymph
      protein concentration might be caused by blood vessel collapse within the node, a
      condition believed to increase nodal blood capillary pressure and to decrease
      blood-lymph barrier filtration coefficient. An important finding was that
      increasing efferent lymph pressure caused significant amounts of lymph proteins
      to be lost during nodal transit. Therefore, it appears that increasing efferent
      lymph pressure to very high values has little effect on lymph protein
      concentration but has great effect on postnodal lymph protein flux.

PMID- 4051015
TI  - Effects of reestablishing blood flow on extent of myocardial infarction in
      conscious dogs.
AB  - The effects of permanent circumflex coronary artery occlusion (PO) compared with
      reestablishing blood flow (OR) at 2 and 6 h after occlusion on the final extent
      of histological infarction (HI) was assessed in chronically instrumented awake
      dogs. The relationships between the extent of left ventricular ischemia measured
      by microsphere techniques and HI in the PO group were used as models to predict
      the expected infarction in the 2- and 6-h OR groups. Mean HI (+/-SD) in the PO
      and 6- and 2-h OR groups was 21 +/- 13, 19 +/- 10, and 13 +/- 12% of left
      ventricular weight, respectively; values were not significantly different. The
      extent of HI in samples grouped according to epicardial and endocardial layers
      and ischemic blood flow ranges (0-15, 16-30, 31-50, 51-75% of control region
      blood flow) was reduced in the 2-h but not 6-h OR group. Analysis of individual
      animals using total ischemic region blood flow to epicardial and endocardial
      layers demonstrated that OR at 2 h but not 6 h reduced infarction in most animals
      but not in certain animals with the largest ischemic regions.

PMID- 4051016
TI  - Effect of temperature on transcapillary water movement in isolated cat hindlimb.
AB  - Capillary filtration coefficient (CFC) was measured in the isolated cat hindlimb
      preparation, perfused at 20 ml X min-1 X 100 g muscle-1 with a perfusate
      containing 6 g/dl albumin and normal electrolyte concentrations, to which were
      added 50 ml of the cat's blood and 6 micrograms of the vasodilator isoproterenol.
      CFC was determined three to six times in an initial control period during which
      the tissue temperature (measured by a 5-mm disk thermistor implanted in a thigh
      muscle) was controlled near 37 degrees C. Tissue temperature was decreased to 5
      10 degrees C by lowering perfusate and ambient air temperatures. About 50 min
      were required for tissue temperature equilibration. CFC was measured at low
      temperature and then again at 37 degrees C. For nine experiments, the ratio of
      CFC at low temperature to that in the 37 degrees C control periods averaged 87%
      of the ratio of water viscosity at 37 degrees C to that at low temperature. The
      activation energy for water calculated from these data was 5.0 kcal/mol. These
      results may be explained by all transcapillary water flow moving by diffusion
      through narrow pores or by about 90% moving by convection, with the remainder
      going through a lipid pathway. However, the results may be entirely due to a
      direct effect of temperature on the geometry of the transcapillary pathway for
      water movement.

PMID- 4051017
TI  - Substrate dependence of metabolic state and coronary flow in perfused rat heart.
AB  - The effect of substrate source on the regulation of energy metabolism and
      coronary flow was studied in isolated perfused rat hearts. Compared with glucose
      perfused hearts, those perfused at the same work load with palmitate or acetate
      demonstrated increases (P less than 0.01) in O2 consumption of 16 and 18%,
      respectively, and increases (P less than 0.01) in coronary flow of 30 and 32%,
      respectively. Parallel substrate-related changes occurred in the levels of high
      energy phosphate compounds: tissue creatine, ADP free, and inorganic phosphate
      (Pi) were significantly decreased, leading to increases (P less than 0.01) in
      [creatine phosphate]/[creatine] and [ATP]free/[ADP]free[Pi]. These changes were
      accompanied by increased reduction of intramitochondrial pyridine nucleotides.
      Omitting orthophosphate from perfusate lowered intracellular Pi and modified
      cardiac function, but substrate-related differences were similar to those in Pi
      containing media. Differences in intracellular pH among substrates were observed,
      which may contribute in some instances to differences in energy metabolism and
      coronary flow. When work load was altered in glucose- and acetate-perfused
      hearts, both O2 consumption and coronary flow were linearly related to cytosolic
      [ATP]free/[ADP]free[Pi], and slopes of regression lines were similar for both
      substrates. These correlations support the view that [ATP]free/[ADP]free[Pi] is a
      major determinant of O2 consumption by cardiac cells and of coronary flow.

PMID- 4051018
TI  - Humoral factors may mediate increased rat hindquarter blood flow in portal
      hypertension.
AB  - Chronic portal hypertension is associated with systemic hypotension and reduced
      peripheral vascular resistance. Although it is well established that splanchnic
      and renal vascular resistances are reduced, the contribution of possible
      alterations in skeletal muscle hemodynamics in portal hypertension is unknown.
      The present study was designed to determine if skeletal muscle vascular
      resistance was reduced and blood flow increased in portal hypertensive rats. In
      portal hypertensive animals, hind-quarter blood flow was significantly increased
      while vascular resistance was significantly reduced. The fall in resistance in
      the portal hypertensive animals was associated with an increase in the capillary
      filtration coefficient, suggesting that an increase in functional exchange vessel
      surface area occurred. Cross perfusion of control hindquarters with portal
      hypertensive blood resulted in a 38% reduction in hindquarter vascular
      resistance. Raising the plasma glucagon concentration to levels reported in
      portal hypertensive animals resulted in no change in blood flow or vascular
      resistance in control hindquarters. Skeletal muscle vascular sensitivity to
      norepinephrine was assessed by constructing dose-response curves in control and
      portal hypertensive animals. Mean ED50 values were not different. The results of
      these studies indicate that skeletal muscle vascular resistance is reduced in
      portal hypertension and humoral factors, but not glucagon, are primarily
      responsible for the skeletal muscle hyperemia associated with portal
      hypertension.

PMID- 4051019
TI  - Microvascular, interstitial, and lymphatic interactions in normal heart.
AB  - Control of transmicrovascular fluid exchange in the heart is of critical
      importance in the prevention of myocardial edema formation. To quantify the
      absolute values for, and the interrelationships between, the forces and flows
      governing fluid balance within the normal heart, the following variables were
      measured: arterial pressure (Pa), coronary sinus pressure (Pcs), myocardial
      interstitial fluid pressure (Pint), plasma protein concentration (Cp), and
      oncotic pressure (tau cap) along with interstitial protein concentration (CL),
      interstitial oncotic pressure (tau int), and left ventricular lymph flow rate
      (Jv). All parameters were recorded under control conditions and during graded
      venous pressure elevations. Control values were Pa, 125 +/- 21 mmHg; Pcs, 7.3 +/-
      1.3 mmHg; Pint, 14.9 +/- 3.1 mmHg; CL/Cp, 0.82 +/- 0.12; and Jv, 7.0 +/- 2.7
      ml/h. As Pcs was elevated to eight times control, Pint increased from 15 to 50
      mmHg and lymph flow rose sixfold. A filtration-independent value for CL/Cp could
      not be obtained for total plasma protein, although a washdown CL/Cp value for
      beta-lipoprotein of 0.04 was obtained. Our data indicate that a large surface
      area of myocardial exchange vessels coupled with lymphatics of relatively low
      sensitivity to extravascular volume expansion produce a system that relies on a
      large increase in interstitial hydrostatic pressure to limit edema formation.

PMID- 4051020
TI  - Increased arteriolar wall-to-lumen ratio in a normotensive vascular bed in
      coarctation hypertension.
AB  - In rats with coarctation hypertension, resting resistance and resistance at
      maximal vasodilation are elevated in the hindquarters, although blood pressure in
      this vascular bed remains normal. To assess the nature of these non-pressure
      related vascular abnormalities, we observed third- to fifth-order arterioles in
      the cremaster microcirculation using standard techniques and chloralose-urethan
      anesthesia in rats with coarctation or sham coarctation of the abdominal aorta.
      Four weeks after clipping, carotid pressure was significantly elevated in
      coarcted compared with sham-coarcted rats, but femoral pressure was not. The wall
      to-lumen ratio and wall thickness in cremaster arterioles was elevated by 12-33%
      in coarcted compared with sham-coarcted rats in the resting state. After maximal
      arteriolar relaxation with topical nitroprusside, differences in wall-to-lumen
      ratio persisted. We also studied the microcirculation of one-kidney normotensive
      control and one-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats. Femoral pressure in
      Goldblatt hypertensive rats was elevated, but changes in the microcirculation
      were similar to those observed in coarcted rats. These non-pressure-related
      changes in vascular structure in hypertension may result from systemic neural or
      humoral influences and/or growth factors local to vascular wall tissues.

PMID- 4051021
TI  - Hemodynamic regulation: investigation by spectral analysis.
AB  - We investigated the hypothesis that beat-to-beat variability in hemodynamic
      parameters reflects the dynamic interplay between ongoing perturbations to
      circulatory function and the compensatory response of short-term cardiovascular
      control systems. Spontaneous fluctuations in heart rate (HR), arterial blood
      pressure, and respiration were analyzed by spectral analysis in the 0.02- to 1-Hz
      frequency range. A simple closed-loop model of short-term cardiovascular control
      was proposed and evaluated in a series of experiments: pharmacological blockades
      of the parasympathetic, alpha-sympathetic, beta-sympathetic, and renin
      angiotensin systems were used to open the principal control loops in order to
      examine changes in the spectral pattern of the fluctuations. Atrial pacing was
      used to examine blood pressure variability in the absence of HR variability. We
      found that respiratory frequency fluctuations in HR are parasympathetically
      mediated and that blood pressure fluctuations at this frequency result almost
      entirely from the direct effect of centrally mediated HR fluctuations. The
      sympathetic nervous system appears to be too sluggish to mediate respiratory
      frequency variations. Low-frequency (0.02-0.09 Hz) fluctuations in HR are jointly
      mediated by the parasympathetic and beta-sympathetic systems and appear to
      compensate for blood pressure fluctuations at this frequency. Low-frequency blood
      pressure fluctuations are probably due to variability in vasomotor activity which
      is normally damped by renin-angiotensin system activity. Blockade of the alpha
      adrenergic system, however, does not significantly alter low-frequency blood
      pressure fluctuations.

PMID- 4051022
TI  - Innervation of bat heart: cholinergic and adrenergic nerves innervate all
      chambers.
AB  - Adult Miniopterus schreibersii were anesthetized with chloroform, and in vitro
      preparations of cardiac chambers were prepared. Stimulation of intramural nerves
      in right ventricles paced at 6 Hz caused an inhibition (56.3 +/- 3.5% decrease on
      basal force) mediated by cholinergic nerves and an excitation (91.5 +/- 9.9%
      increase on basal force) mediated by adrenergic nerves. Mean pD2s (-log effective
      concentration, 50%) for ventricular beta-adrenoceptors and muscarinic
      cholinoceptors were 6.99 +/- 0.03 and 6.42 +/- 0.07, respectively. The inhibition
      of ventricular contractility, by nerve stimulation or exogenous acetylcholine,
      occurred even after blockade of beta-adrenoceptors. The results were comparable
      to those obtained on atria. In some experiments, the heart was perfused in situ
      and paced via electrodes on the ventricle: stimulation of the right vagus nerve
      decreased right ventricular contractility by up to 90%. The results show that, at
      least in this hibernating mammal, there is an adrenergic innervation of the
      ventricle. The presence of a cholinergic vagal innervation capable of inhibiting
      the basal force of ventricular contraction has not been shown in any other
      mammal.

PMID- 4051023
TI  - Invariant total heart volume in the intact thorax.
AB  - Fast multisliced computerized tomography (Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor or DSR)
      was used to study the change in total heart volume (content of the pericardial
      sac) between end diastole (ED) and end systole (ES) with lungs held at 0 and 15
      cmH2O airway inflation pressure (Paw). Nine dogs were anesthetized and scanned in
      the DSR. At 0 cmH2O airway pressure, mean total heart volume changed, on the
      average, only 2.7 +/- 0.6% (SE) of its ED volume comparing ED with ES. With lungs
      inflated to 15 cmH2O Paw, total heart volume decreased 12 +/- 0.5%. However, at
      this new heart volume, the change in total heart volume between ED and ES was
      only 1.7 +/- 0.5%. The data indicate that the epicardial apex of the heart
      remains relatively stationary while the atrioventricular groove moves toward the
      apex during systole and away from the apex during diastole. Thus the atria and
      ventricles empty and fill reciprocally even when the pericardial contents do not
      fully distend the pericardial sac. The invariant total heart volume observed in
      these species would minimize the work of the heart by maximizing the percentage
      of work expended to move blood and minimizing the work expended to move tissue
      (i.e., lung).

PMID- 4051024
TI  - Five months of fasting in king penguin chicks: body mass loss and fuel
      metabolism.
AB  - When king penguin chicks are 3-4 mo old, they enter a season of interrupted
      growth due to long periods of fasting, because they are irregularly fed in
      winter. Nine captive chicks [mean initial body mass (m) = 12.5 kg] had fasted an
      average of 5 mo at the end of the experiment; m was then 4.0 kg, a 68% decrease.
      They probably could have fasted longer, since chicks of parents delayed in the
      return to the colony die from starvation at an m of 3.0 kg. The long fast could
      be divided into three periods based on the changes in rate of decrease of m. The
      remarkable resistance of king penguin chicks to starvation may be partly
      explained by their ability to maintain protein sparing for as much as 4 mo, the
      duration of period II; plasma concentrations of uric acid, urea, and alanine were
      then minimum, 0.1, 0.4, and 0.4 mmol X l-1 respectively. Particular changes
      during this period, i.e., progressive increase of beta-hydroxybutyrate and
      decrease of glucose concentrations, might contribute to the efficiency of protein
      sparing. Period III was marked by a rise in protein utilization, plasma
      concentrations of uric acid, urea, and alanine increasing to 0.7, 1.5, and 0.8
      mmol X l-1, respectively.

PMID- 4051025
TI  - Resynchronization patterns for urinary rhythms in rats after light-dark shifts.
AB  - Diurnal urinary rhythms during a fixed 12:12 light-dark cycle were studied in
      male and female rats. After a control period of 9 days the light-dark cycle was
      shifted either +6 or -6 h by delaying or advancing the light period,
      respectively. Subsequently the resynchronization process was studied for 19-21
      days. In both male and female rats an asymmetry effect was present:
      resynchronization was more rapid after a -6-h shift than after a +6-h shift.
      However, female rats exhibited a rate of resynchronization slower than male rats.
      During the process of resynchronization a state of transient internal
      dissociation was found for all urinary constituents. These results probably point
      to different control systems rather than to different circadian pacemakers.
      Further analysis of the role of sex steroid hormones is required in view of the
      sex variations reported.

PMID- 4051026
TI  - Direction of uterine contractions during estrus in ewes: a reevaluation.
AB  - In four ewes direction of propagation of uterine contractions was evaluated using
      an electromyographic technique during 15 entire estrous periods; 120,101
      propagations were analyzed. When horns were considered separately 89.9% of all
      propagations were classified into three main modes: ascending (34.3%), descending
      (59.85%), and divergent (5.85%). When both horns were analyzed simultaneously,
      horn's synchronicity was observed in most instances; on this basis, eight modes
      of propagation were identified of which three accounted for two-thirds of all
      propagation: synchronous descending (24.9%), reciprocal propagation (descending
      on one horn and then ascending on contralateral horn) (22.1%), and isolated
      descending propagation (18.0%). A time-dependent pattern of propagation
      throughout estrus was clearly identified, the percentage of ascending
      propagations reaching a minimum (16.5%) and the percentage of descending
      propagation reaching a maximum (77%) at peak uterine motility level. By
      considering both direction of uterine propagation and cervical mechanical
      activity, a new hypothesis concerning two aspects of sperm transport (speed and
      mechanism) was formulated. It is hypothesized that the high prevalence of
      descending propagations is important to reduce sperm cell population by selecting
      the most vigorous spermatozoa; such selection is possible when the mechanical
      cervical activity is low or absent (cervix open); when cervical mechanical
      activity is high (cervix closed), it is suggested that both descending and
      ascending propagations participate in sperm transport by back and forth motion of
      luminal fluid within the uterine lumen.

PMID- 4051027
TI  - Sympathetic rhythms during hyperventilation-induced apnea.
AB  - The effect of hyperventilation-induced apnea on the respiratory rhythmicity of
      sympathetic nerve activity was determined using spectral analysis of sympathetic
      nerve frequencies. Left phrenic, external intercostal, and inferior cardiac
      sympathetic nerves were recorded in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized, vagotomized,
      paralyzed, artificially ventilated cats. The respiratory modulation of
      sympathetic activity during normoventilation was indicated by spectral peaks of
      sympathetic activity coinciding with respiratory frequencies determined from the
      phrenic nerve activity of each cat. The spectral peaks of respiratory-related
      sympathetic activity disappeared during hyperventilation-induced apnea and then
      reappeared with the return of phrenic nerve activity when normoventilation was
      resumed. Although sympathetic activity lost its respiratory modulation during
      hyperventilation, baroreceptor-mediated bilateral carotid occlusion responses and
      electrocardiogram (R wave)-triggered computer summation of cardiac related
      sympathetic activity were unaffected. Hence central respiratory inputs on
      sympathetic pathways in the central nervous system best explain the origin of
      respiratory-related sympathetic rhythms. Independent sympathetic rhythms of
      apparent nonrespiratory origin may be due to artificial ventilator influences,
      baroreflex-autonomic oscillation loops, or Mayer waves.

PMID- 4051029
TI  - Nutrient control of cardiac rate in infant rats: role of arterial baroreceptors.
AB  - A surgical procedure is described for the deafferentation of carotid sinus (CS)
      and aortic depressor (AD) baroreceptors in 2-wk suckling rats. Baroreflex testing
      in unanesthetized pups showed that cardiac rate responses to acute elevations of
      blood pressure were reduced to less than 9% of controls after combined
      denervation (CSAD), 28% after AD and 47% after CS denervation at 4 h. After 24 h
      of nutrient deprivation, resting cardiac rates of sham operated controls fell a
      mean of -148 beat/min, significantly more than CS, AD, or CSAD groups (P less
      than 0.01). Baroreflex test responses in individuals correlated significantly
      with their later responses to nutrient deprivation (r = 0.67, P less than 0.01).
      There were no significant differences in base-line cardiac rate, systolic blood
      pressure, or cardiac rate during 24 h intragastric milk infusion between
      deafferented and control pups. These experiments suggest that arterial
      baroreceptors are important in the cardiovascular adjustments after nutrient
      deprivation in suckling rats.

PMID- 4051028
TI  - Absence of sodium chloride preference in Fischer-344 rats.
AB  - Preference for NaCl solutions as a function of concentration was examined in
      three inbred strains of rats (Munich-Wistar, Buffalo, and Fischer-344) and
      outbred Wistar rats. Fischer-344 rats were found to differ markedly from the
      other strains in that they failed to prefer any concentration of NaCl solution to
      water. This difference did not appear to be due to an insensitivity to the taste
      of NaCl since they significantly avoided solutions at concentrations (greater
      than 0.7%) that were strongly preferred by other rat strains. Differences between
      Fischer-344 and other rat strains also did not appear to be due to a generally
      anomalous taste system since their intake and preference for prototypes of other
      basic tastes (sweet, sour, and bitter) were generally similar to those of other
      strains. Although Fischer-344 rats were somewhat slower than Wistar to excrete a
      sodium load, it is unlikely that this difference can provide a direct explanation
      of the aversion of Fischer-344 rats for NaCl.

PMID- 4051030
TI  - Role of histidine-related compounds to intracellular buffering in fish skeletal
      muscle.
AB  - Histidine-related compounds (HRC) were analyzed in fish skeletal muscle as a
      means of identifying their precise role in intracellular buffering. Fish muscle
      was used because it contains two functionally and spatially distinct fiber types,
      red and white. Two fish species, rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and the Pacific
      blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), were studied because these species demonstrate
      widely different activity patterns. Marlin red and white muscle buffer capacity
      was two times higher than trout with white muscle, buffering being two times
      greater than red in both species. Buffer capacity was highest in the 6.5-7.5 pH
      range for all tissues, which corresponded to their high anserine levels. The
      titrated HRC buffering was greater than the observed HRC buffering, which
      suggested that not all HRC were available to absorb protons. The HRC contribution
      to total cellular buffering varied from a high of 62% for marlin white to a low
      of 7% for trout red. The other principal buffers were found to be phosphate and
      protein with taurine contributing within red muscle in the 7.0-8.0 pH range. HRC
      were found to be dominant in skeletal muscle buffering by principally accounting
      for the buffering capacity differences found between the species and fiber types.

PMID- 4051031
TI  - Effect of aldosterone on potassium excretion during potassium chloride infusion
      in sheep.
AB  - Experiments were performed on normal mature ewes to quantitate the effect of
      acute variations in aldosterone activity on renal K excretion. Six-hour clearance
      studies were performed on three sheep. Treatments were control (no infusion),
      infusion of KCl (140 meq in 2 h) alone or with superimposed infusions of
      aldosterone (20 micrograms/h), or infusion of aldosterone antagonist potassium
      canrenoate (100 mg/h). During KCl infusion there were simultaneous increases in
      plasma K, K excretion, and Na excretion. Aldosterone treatment diminished the
      increase in plasma K and in Na excretion but increased the rate of K excretion.
      Canrenoate had opposite effects. The rate of change of K excretion relative to
      the change in plasma K was 417 for aldosterone and 102 microeq/min per meq/l for
      canrenoate treatments, P less than 0.05. Before KCl infusion aldosterone
      decreased the rate of Na excretion and the salivary Na-to-K ratio but did not
      alter plasma K or K excretion. Aldosterone has a potent kaliuretic action in
      sheep when plasma K is elevated.

PMID- 4051033
TI  - Energy sources in fasting grey seal pups evaluated with computed tomography.
AB  - Grey seal pups (Halichoerus grypus) were collected at the time of weaning (early
      November) and starved for 31 days at thermoneutrality. During starvation body
      weight decreased linearly, whereas metabolic rate was stable at 1.58 +/- 0.13
      (SD) W X kg-1. Metabolic rate as related to body weight was significantly higher
      (P less than 0.01) than predicted by Kleiber (The Fire of Life, New York:
      Kreiger, 1975). Respiratory quotient averaged 0.67 +/- 0.03 during the 1st wk but
      increased to an average of 0.76 +/- 0.04 during the final week of fasting. Body
      composition was evaluated three times during starvation by use of computed
      tomography. The area of blubber and skeletal muscle in three transverse
      (thoracic, abdominal, pelvic) sections of the animals decreased on average 27.6
      +/- 4.8 and 18.6 +/- 8.5%, respectively, from days 3 to 31 of fasting. Caloric
      content of blubber and skeletal muscle was determined by bomb calorimetry, and
      the caloric content of catabolized tissue was estimated. Based on this
      information it was calculated that approximately 94% of the energy expended by
      grey seal pups during the first 4 wk of the postweaning fast is derived from
      their subcutaneous deposits of fat.

PMID- 4051032
TI  - Ketone body metabolism in a ground squirrel during hibernation and fasting.
AB  - Hibernating Belding's ground squirrels (Spermophilus beldingi) are ketotic
      relative to fed nonhibernators. Muscles from torpid individuals, when incubated
      in media containing physiological concentrations of glucose and ketone, show
      reduced uptake of glucose in the presence of ketone. The magnitude of the
      reduction is dependent on ketone concentration and reaches 60% in heart and 100%
      in pectoralis at 1.4 mM ketone. Fasted squirrels are also ketotic. However,
      ketone does not reduce glucose uptake in muscles from fed or fasted animals.
      Glucose utilization by muscles decreases during a long-term fast, but the
      reduction is independent of ketone. Thus both a long-term fast and hibernation
      lead to changes in muscle tissues that decrease their reliance on glucose as an
      energy source. Ketosis leads to glucose sparing during hibernation, whereas
      muscle glucose utilization is decreased independently of ketone during a fast.
      The glucose sparing achieved in both hibernation and fasting leads to
      conservation of body protein, the major source of gluconeogenic precursors in
      fasting mammals.

PMID- 4051035
TI  - Rete mirabile of goat: its flow-damping effect on cerebral circulation.
AB  - This work was designed to characterize in anesthetized goats the hemodynamic
      response of the carotid rete during pharmacologically induced changes in systemic
      blood pressure or blood flow to the brain. Under control conditions, mean blood
      pressure in the middle cerebral artery (distal to rete) was 18% lower than that
      measured in the internal maxillary artery (proximal to rete). Pressure gradient
      and calculated resistance across the rete were unchanged when systemic arterial
      pressure was increased or decreased by intravenous administration of
      norepinephrine or isoproterenol, respectively. Hypercapnia or injections of
      isoproterenol and acetylcholine into the internal maxillary arteries increased
      blood flow and decreased middle cerebral arterial pressure, whereas injections of
      norepinephrine decreased blood flow and increased postrete pressure. Calculated
      resistance across the rete was unchanged. These observations indicate that the
      response of the carotid rete to the substances tested is negligible; they also
      suggest that the carotid rete may have a flow-damping effect by maintaining
      resistance to blood flow when a change in the caliber of brain vessels occurs.

PMID- 4051034
TI  - Distribution of ventilation in American alligator Alligator mississippiensis.
AB  - The regional distribution of ventilation in the multicameral lung of
      spontaneously ventilating alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) was studied
      with 133Xe scintigraphy. Frequent gamma camera images of 133Xe washin and washout
      were obtained and processed to allow evaluation of regional ventilation. Washin
      of 133Xe to equilibrium occurred in three to four breaths in anterior, central,
      and posterior compartments. Washin was most rapid in the posterior compartment
      and slowest in the anterior. The structure of the lungs and distribution of
      ventilation of inspired gas is consistent with the rapid radial spread of gas
      through a parallel arrangement of lung units surrounding the central
      intrapulmonary bronchus. Washout to equilibrium of 133Xe from all compartments
      occurred within three to four breaths. This rapid washin and washout of gas to
      all parts of the lung stands in contrast to the lungs of turtles and snakes, in
      which the caudal air sacs are relatively poorly ventilated.

PMID- 4051036
TI  - Cognitive asymmetry and dreaming: lack of relationship.
AB  - The present study investigated the relationship between cognitive laterality and
      dream recall, dream characteristics, and eye movement density in rapid eye
      movement (REM) sleep. Fifty-two right-handed males, age 20-30 years, were tested
      on a six-test battery of which three tests measure right hemisphere function and
      three tests measure left hemisphere function. Based on their performance, 14
      subjects were selected for a sleep laboratory study. Each spent 3 experimental
      nights in the laboratory during which they were awakened from REM sleep for dream
      reports. Dream reports were scored for bizarreness, emotions, visual elements,
      and overall "dreamlike" versus "thoughtlike" character. Subjects were awakened
      from 123 REM periods, of which 96 yielded positive dream reports (78.04%).
      Neither the rate of recall nor the four evaluation scores were correlated with
      the laterality scores that were constructed from the six-test battery. Eye
      movement density during REM sleep was significantly positively correlated with
      the total performance of the two hemispheres. These results do not support the
      alleged lateralization of dreaming. In agreement with recent reports in the
      literature, it is concluded that dreaming cannot be seen as a "right hemisphere"
      function.

PMID- 4051037
TI  - Prior knowledge and recognition.
AB  - The purpose of this series of experiments was to determine if and when word
      recognition would depend on the number of related concepts represented in
      permanent memory. Words defining either large or small rhyme or meaning
      categories were studied and tested under various conditions. The results
      indicated that rhyme category size influenced recognition whenever rhyme was
      emphasized during both study and testing phases. Words belonging to larger rhyme
      sets were not recognized as well as those belonging to smaller rhyme sets. In
      contrast, meaning-related set size had no effect on recognition. These and other
      findings indicate that the breadth of prior knowledge can influence recognition
      but only under limited conditions that reactivate this knowledge at test.

PMID- 4051039
TI  - Handedness and sex differences in the processing manner of verbal and spatial
      information.
AB  - Left- and right-handed males and females were given the task of viewing sets of
      six or eight letters in a 5 X 5 matrix and recalling either (a) the letters, (b)
      the positions of the letters, or (c) both the letters and the positions. Recall
      of positions by left-handers was inferior to their recall of letters, and it was
      inferior to recall of both letters and positions by right-handers. There was no
      differential recall of letters and positions according to sex. Handedness appears
      to be a better predictor of cognitive abilities than does sex. The results are
      discussed in terms of hemispheric specialization referring to handedness and sex.

PMID- 4051038
TI  - Effects of material rewards on inkblot perception and organization.
AB  - To explore further the potential relationship between material rewards and
      developmental regression, this research examined the effects of material rewards
      on perceptual organization as measured by Holtzman inkblot responses. Forty
      introductory psychology students (20 males and 20 females) were assigned to
      either a reward or nonreward group initially matched on sex and IQ. Reward
      subjects had lower scores on form definiteness, form appropriateness,
      integration, human, movement, color, and shading; faster response time; and
      higher scores on location and on pathognomic verbalization. Although
      reward/nonreward differences reached significance only for form definiteness,
      form appropriateness, shading, and response time, the differences on all 10
      Holtzman Inkblot Technique variables that are sensitive to developmental change
      were in the predicted direction of a lower level of functioning under reward.

PMID- 4051040
TI  - Associative strength level and retrieval inhibition in semantic memory.
AB  - In a series of investigations, E. F. Loftus (1973; G. R. Loftus & E. F. Loftus,
      1974; E. F. Loftus, Senders, & Turkletaub, 1974) discovered that the latency of
      item retrieval from a semantic category was reduced if it immediately followed an
      earlier retrieval from the same category, a phenomenon attributed to spreading
      activation. Subsequently, Brown (1981) discovered an increase in latency across
      extended retrievals from a single semantic category. The present investigation
      followed up this finding by comparing exemplars that varied in strength of
      association to the category name. The probability of obtaining inhibition (longer
      latencies and increased errors) was inversely related to the associative strength
      of the exemplars. The results suggest that low-strength category associates build
      up inhibition more rapidly because they accrue situational strength relatively
      more rapidly than high-strength associates.

PMID- 4051041
TI  - Visual priming effects as a measure of short-term visual memory.
AB  - On each trial, subjects classified one of four letters as belonging to one of two
      categories. Visual priming occurs when the classification response is faster to a
      stimulus visually identical to a previous stimulus than to one identical only in
      name. Earlier experiments found no visual priming effects between stimuli
      separated by a stimulus of the same task but from the opposite classification
      category. Two of the five conditions in the present experiment varied the
      stimulus-response (S-R) contingencies in such a way that the penultimate but not
      the immediately preceding trial had the same contingencies. Only these two
      conditions gave evidence of the above type of visual priming. Visual priming was
      found, however, in almost all conditions when the intervening stimulus was from
      the same task and the same classification category. It is argued that a
      similarity of S-R contingency, and not simply stimulus similarity, is an
      important component of the visual priming effect.

PMID- 4051042
TI  - Jiggling a lifted weight does aid discrimination.

PMID- 4051043
TI  - An analysis of Spinoza's pride and self-abasement.

PMID- 4051044
TI  - Current psychoanalytic paradigm controversy: a Horneyan perspective.

PMID- 4051045
TI  - The borderline diagnosis and integration of self.
AB  - To try to encompass what is meant by borderline with parameters that are too
      delineating can lead to conceptual difficulties and confusion for several
      reasons: The human psyche is too complex and probably has too much of the quality
      of a gestalt to be understood adequately by dichotomizing thinking; an individual
      does not experience himself as operating in discrete units, but as a unified
      whole; and the most characteristic manifest quality of the borderline picture is
      its tendency toward a chaotic functioning that somehow always spills over any
      defining boundaries which are set up to attain conceptual containment. If we then
      accept our limitations on the precision and order with which we can comprehend
      it, the understanding of borderline might be supplemented by seeing it in terms
      of the subjective experience of an integrated self. This offers a more holistic
      approach that tends not to be so subject to objectifying compartmentalization. It
      is more in tune with the subjective experiencing a person has of that which
      defines and moves him in the world. And it offers a referent axis along which the
      distance one has traveled in the borderline direction might be gleaned. Finally,
      the relationship of the borderline diagnosis to character disorder might be
      looked this way: The diagnosis does not refer to a particular character disorder
      or to a group of disorders. It emerges in all character pathology to the degree
      that the experiencing of an integrated and whole sense of self, which is at the
      heart of character structure, is diminished.

PMID- 4051047
TI  - Therapeutic ambiance in the treatment of severely disturbed narcissistic
      personality disorders.

PMID- 4051046
TI  - Wholeness, alienation from self, and the schizoid problem.

PMID- 4051048
TI  - The politics of stress: public visions, private realities.

PMID- 4051049
TI  - Psychodynamic treatment for telephone scatologia.

PMID- 4051050
TI  - Values, ethics, and morality in our future society.

PMID- 4051051
TI  - The obsessive child: a therapy update.
AB  - Literature on treatment of childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is
      reviewed and evaluated in order to present a therapy update of the disorder since
      1973. Sixteen treatment reports show a move toward eclecticism that blends
      biologic as well as group "psychosocial" therapies with the individual
      psychosocial therapies oriented to emotion, thinking and behavior in OCD.

PMID- 4051052
TI  - Short-term dynamic psychotherapy of phobic and mildly obsessive-compulsive
      patients.
AB  - This paper reviews the psychodynamics of phobic and obsessive-compulsive symptoms
      of mild severity and describes the techniques of short-term anxiety-provoking
      psychotherapy which are used to treat phobic and mildly obsessive-compulsive
      patients. Academic phobias, a common difficulty encountered in college students,
      are also discussed.

PMID- 4051053
TI  - Psychotherapeutic management of obsessive-compulsive patients.
AB  - Psychotherapy of the obsessive-compulsive patient requires a modified
      psychoanalytic approach utilizing the concepts of a short-term therapy, which
      include focusing on relevant issues with limited goals. The therapist must be
      active, confronting, and must deal with here-and-now issues. The use of
      psychopharmacological agents to reduce anxiety and depression should be
      encouraged.

PMID- 4051054
TI  - The management of patients in a phobia clinic.
AB  - Management of people in this phobia clinic is based on a theory that phobias
      result from misinterpretations of the effects of a natural process that generates
      fear in responses to imagined dangers as in a nightmare. With support, guidance,
      exposure, and information, phobic people learn in individual and group settings
      to confront, control, and understand their phobic experience.

PMID- 4051055
TI  - Obsessive-compulsive behavior, DSM-III, and a psychodynamic classification of
      psychopathology.
AB  - This paper reviews obsessive-compulsive behavior, both neurosis and character,
      and relates these to DSM-III, as well as to a psychodynamic classification of
      psychopathology. The DSM-III obsessive-compulsive disorder and the classical
      obsessive-compulsive neurosis are found to be very similar descriptively. In
      contrast, the DSM-III compulsive-personality disorder is found to be a much more
      psychopathological entity than the classical obsessive-compulsive character.

PMID- 4051056
TI  - The topography of agoraphobia.
AB  - Findings from empirical research and clinical practice are comprehensively
      integrated into a topography of the agoraphobic syndrome. The following topics
      are discussed successively: the agoraphobic syndrome (core mechanism and life
      pattern), the pathogenesis (causal mechanism, antecedents, and predispositions),
      the different kinds of anxiety from which agoraphobes can suffer, and the broad
      spectrum therapeutic implications.

PMID- 4051057
TI  - Puppets in therapy: an assessment procedure.
AB  - This paper discusses the use and value of spontaneous puppet stories in child
      assessment. A procedure is described and the emergent form and content of story
      material are examined. These projective data, in turn, are used to further
      understand the defensive structure, preoccupations, and conflicts of the child.
      These psychodynamic concepts are discussed and illustrated through case examples.

PMID- 4051058
TI  - Sexually abused children and adolescent identity development.
AB  - This study of 29 female adolescents revealed a history of sexual abuse in 18 of
      the subjects. Four of the girls had an incest history. Results from the Brief
      Symptom Inventory (BSI) rating scale revealed two distinct kinds of symptom
      profiles: the distressed and the no-problem. Treatment implications are
      discussed.

PMID- 4051059
TI  - Psychodynamic approach to occupational psychiatry: comparative case studies and
      review.
AB  - Current approaches to occupation-related psychiatric disturbances emphasize
      "stress coping" with a focus on person/work-environment fit. Although this
      approach is useful as a primary prevention strategy, we will continue to see
      those who even in an average expectable environment will develop disturbances of
      the capacity to work. Two patients are presented to demonstrate the utility of a
      psychodynamic approach to this type of case.

PMID- 4051060
TI  - Inpatient and outpatient group therapy for schizophrenic patients.
AB  - Group therapy is effective for both inpatient and outpatient schizophrenics.
      Homogeneous groups are preferred. Important technical issues include: encouraging
      contact with others; allowing limited expression of emotions; helping patients in
      reality testing; and giving advice about practical matters. Insight-oriented
      techniques may harm some schizophrenics and should be avoided.

PMID- 4051061
TI  - Surveillance needs for occupational health.

PMID- 4051062
TI  - Medical audit by claims data?

PMID- 4051063
TI  - Setting goals and priorities. 1984 Presidential Address.

PMID- 4051064
TI  - Mortality among workers exposed to coal tar pitch volatiles and welding
      emissions: an exercise in epidemiologic triage.
AB  - The United Automobile Workers International Union has established a system of
      epidemiologic triage to evaluate patterns of mortality among groups of union
      members. In response to worker concerns, the Union examined mortality at a metal
      stamping plant, using a method which linked pension records with the State of
      Michigan computerized death registry. The observed proportion of malignant
      neoplasms was nearly twice that expected (95% Confidence Limits 1.36, 2.62). Two-
      to five-fold excess proportional mortality from cancer of the digestive organs,
      lung cancer, and leukemia accounted for most of the overall excess. Strong
      associations were found between lung and digestive organ cancer and employment as
      maintenance welders or millwrights in the plant (odds ratios greater than 10).
      High levels of six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with mutagenic and
      carcinogenic properties were found during hot coal tar application to wood block
      floors, work conducted by the high-risk groups. These levels were substantially
      reduced following the purchase of new tar pots. The example demonstrates that
      epidemiologic tools can play a valuable role in occupational health decision
      making, but care must be taken to avoid mechanical reliance on quantitative
      testing and to acknowledge the important role of social and political value
      judgments in the establishment of responsible public policy.

PMID- 4051066
TI  - Epidemiology of urinary tract infection: I. Diaphragm use and sexual intercourse.
AB  - In the present case-control study of college-aged women, we examined the
      associations of sexual intercourse and diaphragm use with primary and secondary
      urinary tract infection (UTI), and measured the treatment and functional costs of
      primary, secondary, and recurrent UTI. All of the cases but only half of the
      controls had engaged in sexual intercourse during the past four weeks. When
      compared to using oral contraceptives, diaphragm use was associated with both
      first attack UTI (when compared with controls) and second attack UTI (when
      compared to women with primary UTI) even after controlling for frequency of
      sexual intercourse (Primary UTI: RRMH = 3.5; 95% CI: 0.9, 13.0; Secondary UTI:
      RRMH = 2.2; 95% CI: 0.3, 15.4). Women with all types of UTI reported 6.1 symptom
      days, 2.4 restricted-activity days, 1.6 office visits and laboratory tests, and
      spent $62 for treatment of UTI, based on prices of a subsidized student health
      service.

PMID- 4051065
TI  - Using computers to identify complications after surgery.
AB  - We used the Health Services Commission data from Manitoba, Canada to identify
      complications resulting from hysterectomy, cholecystectomy, and prostatectomy
      which led to hospital readmissions. For each procedure, two specialists
      independently judged whether the readmissions were for surgery-related
      complications on the basis of liberally interpreted literature guidelines. Then,
      each pair of physicians met to resolve differences; only complications agreed
      upon by physicians were retained in our computer-based analysis. The analysis was
      done in three steps: algorithms were developed using guidelines from the
      literature, physician input, and 1974 hospital claims; these were then modified
      using 1975 data; finally, the algorithms were tested with 1976 data. The
      computerized algorithms developed were compared with the clinical decisions of
      physician panels. The results showed high specificity, sensitivity, and
      predictive value. Given the increasing availability of routinely collected data
      bases, the possibilities for inexpensively monitoring the outcomes of different
      providers and institutions are appealing. More extensive validation and
      application of the methodology to a greater number of procedures are necessary to
      implement such a program.

PMID- 4051067
TI  - Epidemiology of urinary tract infection: II. Diet, clothing, and urination
      habits.
AB  - Although several health habits and behaviors are commonly cited in medical and
      nursing textbooks as potential causes of urinary tract infection (UTI) in women,
      few have been studied in a systematic fashion. In a case-control study, we
      evaluated the associations between UTI and the most commonly mentioned risk
      factors: urination habits, diet, clothing, and soaps. Because sexual intercourse
      and diaphragm use increase the risk of UTI, we assessed the effect of health
      habits and behaviors controlling for these two risk factors. Women with initial
      UTI were compared with controls with no UTI history; women with a second UTI were
      compared to those with initial UTI. For the 25 initial cases, 19 secondary cases,
      and 181 controls enrolled in the study from a university health service, we found
      using tampons and drinking soft drinks to be moderately associated (RR greater
      than or equal to 1.4) with both initial and recurrent UTI. Although several other
      individual habits had only small associations with UTI, several of these
      behaviors together might substantially increase risk of initial or recurring UTI.

PMID- 4051068
TI  - The public/private mix in the funding and delivery of health services: an
      international survey.
AB  - Two recently published international surveys show that industrialized Western
      countries with the greatest government funding and administration of health
      services have the greatest population coverage and the lowest administrative
      costs. Countries with central government administration and fiscal controls have
      the greatest ability to control health care expenditures. Current United States
      focus on the private sector may be misplaced.

PMID- 4051069
TI  - Health status of survivors of cardiac arrest and of myocardial infarction
      controls.
AB  - We interviewed 308 survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and matched
      controls who had suffered a myocardial infarction. The Sickness Impact Profile
      (SIP) scores of controls were somewhat lower (better) than those of cases, but
      responses of cases and controls to additional questions about stair climbing,
      irritability and mood were virtually identical. Half as many (18 per cent)
      controls as cases (38 per cent) reported poorer memory function; nevertheless, 63
      per cent of cases and 79 per cent of controls who had been working outside the
      home at the time of the event were employed at the time of the interview.

PMID- 4051070
TI  - Lipid, kilocalorie, and selected mineral intakes of rural black schoolgirls.
AB  - Dietary intakes of nutrients implicated in cardiovascular disease were studied in
      143 Black females, age 9 years. Dietary recall interviews were conducted and data
      compared with recommendations of several authoritative groups. A majority of
      subjects reported intakes: exceeding recommendations for total fat, saturated
      fat, and sodium; within recommendations for potassium and cholesterol; and below
      recommendations for kilocalories.

PMID- 4051071
TI  - Diabetes and renal mortality in the United States.
AB  - The risk of renal death is examined in the United States population 15 years of
      age and older with and without diabetes. The renal mortality rate is 174.6 per
      100,000 among people with diabetes and 42.5 per 100,000 among people without
      diabetes. The relative risk of renal mortality is 4.1 for diabetics, age-adjusted
      relative risk, 2.6. The risk of renal mortality is highest in young people with
      diabetes. Rates of renal mortality are higher than previously believed among
      Whites with diabetes and among women with diabetes.

PMID- 4051072
TI  - A three-state study of waterborne disease surveillance techniques.
AB  - For a two-year period, the states of Colorado, Vermont and Washington tested the
      effectiveness of ten surveillance methods for identifying waterborne disease.
      Nine were active surveillance methods, soliciting illness reports; one was
      passive, relying on voluntary disease reporting. One waterborne disease outbreak
      was identified through use of the nine active methods, while 14 were reported
      through the passive surveillance method. The presence of coliform bacteria during
      routine water testing was not related to illness in the community.

PMID- 4051073
TI  - Self-reported physical health practices and health care utilization: findings
      from the National Health Interview Survey.
AB  - Cross-sectional physical health practice and health care utilization data from
      the 1977 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed. After adjusting for the
      effects of age, sex, race, income, education, and marital status, there were
      significant relationships between hours of sleep and both doctor visits and
      hospital days; increased physical activity was associated with fewer doctor
      visits. Prospective intervention studies are needed to determine whether changes
      in health practices will lead to decreased utilization.

PMID- 4051074
TI  - Sex education and sexual experience among adolescents.
AB  - This paper examines the association between sex education and adolescent sexual
      behavior. Data from the 1981 National Survey of Children show that 15- and 16
      year-olds who have been exposed to sex education are less likely to be sexually
      experienced, and are neither more nor less likely to discuss sex with parents at
      home. Retrospective or longitudinal data are needed to more directly test the
      casual link between sex education and experience.

PMID- 4051075
TI  - Physician use by the elderly over an eight-year period.
AB  - Investigation of ambulatory use of physicians by older persons over an eight-year
      period reveals that 60 per cent visited physicians with similar frequency for six
      or more years; 22 per cent regularly made two or less visits and 14 per cent made
      seven or more visits each year. Analyses reveal cohort effects rather than age
      effects to be of primary importance in determining an individual's regular
      pattern of physician use.

PMID- 4051076
TI  - Caffeine-containing beverages and premenstrual syndrome in young women.
AB  - I evaluated the hypothesis that consumption of caffeine-containing beverages
      causes premenstrual syndrome by studying 295 college sophomores. Data about
      premenstrual syndrome and beverage consumption were collected by a self
      administered questionnaire. Analysis of the data revealed that consumption of
      caffeine-containing beverages is strongly related to the presence and severity of
      premenstrual syndrome and that the effects exist for most of the premenstrual
      symptoms studied.

PMID- 4051077
TI  - Interviewing physicians: the effect of improved response rate.
AB  - This analysis of data from the Physicians' Practice Survey indicates that
      estimates made from early responders closely approximate those obtained at the
      conclusion of a longer field period.

PMID- 4051078
TI  - A demonstration of lack of variability among six tuberculin skin test readers.
AB  - The variability of tuberculin skin test readings among six trained and
      experienced readers was evaluated using a modified sliding caliper method. Each
      of 537 tests were read independently by two readers. There were 23 disagreements
      between paired readers resulting in an overall interobserver reliability of 95.7
      per cent. In 82 per cent of the paired readings the results were different by 2
      mm or less. The observer lack of variability was likely due to the training and
      experience of the readers.

PMID- 4051079
TI  - Mandating health insurance benefits in the private sector: a decision for state
      legislatures.

PMID- 4051080
TI  - Comments on withdrawal of artificial feeding.

PMID- 4051081
TI  - Survey questionnaire salience.

PMID- 4051082
TI  - Qualitative and quantitative changes of the vaginal microbial flora during the
      menstrual cycle.
AB  - Knowledge of the normal vaginal microbial flora is essential in understanding the
      etiology of female genital tract infections. This study was done to investigate
      both qualitative and quantitative differences that occur during the menstrual
      cycle. We studied 34 reproductive age women longitudinally. Quantitative cultures
      were obtained during menses and following the cessation of menses. A greater
      variety of organisms were found during menstruation. The effect was not selective
      with respect to aerobes or anaerobes. The total number of bacteria between the
      two culture periods did not change significantly.

PMID- 4051083
TI  - Induction of the shaking phenomenon by IgA class antispermatozoal antibodies from
      serum.
AB  - Serum was obtained from a woman with a high (greater than 1000) titre of
      antispermatozoal antibody of IgA immunoglobulin class determined by the indirect
      immunobead test (IBT). It was found that the serum could sensitize normal sperm
      to give a strong shaking reaction in the semen-cervical mucus contact test
      (SCMCT). The capacity to induce shaking was retained after absorption of the
      serum with protein A-sepharose, but lost after absorption with rabbit antihuman
      IgA. The results therefore suggest that antispermatozoal antibodies of IgA class
      from serum can induce shaking, and are consistent with the possibility that the
      Fc fragment (rather than secretory component or J-chain) may be important for
      induction of shaking in the conventional SCMCT.

PMID- 4051084
TI  - Radiographic and histologic analyses of stress fracture in rabbit tibias.
AB  - Sequential changes in remodeling of the internal structure of the tibia caused by
      controlled, excessive jumping and running were studied in 20 rabbits. Vascular
      changes and circulatory disturbances within the cortical bone occurred before
      osteoclastic resorption. Degeneration and necrosis of osteocytes due to
      circulatory disturbances also occurred. Periosteal new bone formation, found at
      and after 12 days of the experiment, was a compensatory reaction to support the
      tibia weakened by accelerated osteoclastic resorption. Small cracks appeared at
      the cement line and developed through the neighboring cement line of the
      haversian systems. At 21 days, incomplete fracture of the tibial cortex was found
      in two rabbits. Complete fracture through one side of the cortex was seen in one
      animal at the 50th day of the experiment. In this study, however, most of the
      tibias did not have visible fracture lines after a period of stressful exercise.
      This result suggests that most tibias adapt to changes in stress requirements
      through proper internal remodeling so that a complete fracture does not occur.

PMID- 4051085
TI  - Stability of the loaded ankle. Relation between articular restraint and primary
      and secondary static restraints.
AB  - The stabilizing capacity of the ligaments and articular surface in the ankle was
      determined under defined physiologic loading conditions. The concept of primary
      and secondary constraints was adapted to the ankle. With physiologic loading, the
      articular surface accounted for 30% and 100% of stability in rotation and
      version, respectively. That the articular surface was the sole source of
      inversion and eversion stability under the prescribed physiologic loading
      conditions has not been previously reported. The demonstration that the articular
      surface resists inversion displacement in the loaded ankle supports the
      conclusion of previous studies that rotation, rather than inversion, may account
      for a type of clinically symptomatic ankle instability. Further, ankle
      instability may occur during loading and unloading but not once the ankle is
      fully loaded. The results of our study confirm the importance of the anterior
      talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments and suggest an important role for the
      deltoid ligament.

PMID- 4051086
TI  - Stress changes of the distal radial epiphysis in young gymnasts. A report of
      twenty-one cases and a review of the literature.
AB  - Between 1980 and 1983, 21 young, high-performance gymnasts with stress changes
      related to the distal radial epiphysis, were treated and followed for a mean of
      24 months (range, 6 to 42 months). Eleven of the gymnasts presented with
      roentgenographic changes of the distal radial epiphysis, and in these recovery
      took at least 3 months. This group was compared to a group of ten gymnasts who
      had similar symptoms but no roentgenographic changes, and who recovered within an
      average of 4 weeks. The roentgenographic changes, which are described in detail,
      are considered to represent stress changes, possibly stress fractures, of the
      distal radial epiphysis. No residual growth-related problems have been observed.
      Possible etiologic factors are discussed, and the literature as it pertains to
      stress-related adaptation and injury in the growing athlete is reviewed.

PMID- 4051087
TI  - Chondral fractures of the knee. Cause for confusion.
AB  - Knee pain in the athlete can pose difficulty in diagnosis. At the United States
      Military Academy at West Point we have had occasion to see a group of patients
      presenting with meniscal symptoms of locking, catching, giving way, and joint
      line tenderness who, on arthroscopic examination, have chondral fractures of the
      medial or lateral femoral condyle. These individuals have undergone arthroscopy
      and debridement of the chondral defect. Both retrospectively and prospectively we
      have been unable to find any defects on radiographs and there appears to be
      purely cartilaginous involvement. These individuals appear to have a relatively
      poor prognosis for recovery after arthroscopy. Treatment has been a standard
      course of range of motion exercises, strengthening, and antiinflammatory
      medications. However, the mean rehabilitation time has been almost triple the
      time associated with a routine meniscal injury. We feel that it is important to
      discuss the chondral fracture so that the orthopaedic surgeon can be aware of
      this possibility in the differential diagnosis of knee pain in the athlete.

PMID- 4051088
TI  - Patellofemoral pain and the infrapatellar brace. A military view.
AB  - Thirty-seven cases of patellofemoral pain in young, active military recruits were
      studied. All patients were provided with an infrapatellar brace as a method of
      treatment. Nine patients (24%) demonstrated some improvement in symptoms at 1
      week following application. Eight patients (22%) with maximum relief at 1 week
      were also shown to be symptom free at 1 year. Twelve patients (32%) with poor
      results were arthroscoped; eleven of these (92%) were found to have
      chondromalacia of the patella. Our success rate for subjective symptoms, after
      using the infrapatellar brace in this study, does not compare favorably with
      those reported by Levine using the same device.

PMID- 4051089
TI  - The emergency care network of a ski marathon.
AB  - In this paper we report the system of emergency care that was used in a large
      scale cross-country ski marathon. We describe the typical terrain encountered,
      personnel required, physical facilities, communication system, injury protocol,
      and types and numbers of injuries seen. We have found that many injuries can
      occur in a cross-country ski race, given specific race conditions. A complete and
      efficient emergency care network is essential to the success of any athletic
      event similar to the one we report. These races are rapidly growing in number and
      size, yet we could not find any previous reports in the literature pertaining to
      the medical care necessary. We hope to provide a model for emergency care that
      can be applied to many different athletic events involving large numbers of
      participants and covering great distances.

PMID- 4051090
TI  - Polypropylene braid augmented and nonaugmented intraarticular anterior cruciate
      ligament reconstruction.
AB  - The purpose of this clinical retrospective study is to determine whether a
      polypropylene braid (PB) used to augment an intraarticular autograft to
      reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is safe and to determine whether
      the PB improves the efficacy of the procedure. A simultaneous review was
      performed of patients who had undergone an intraarticular ACL reconstruction
      using an autograft composed of the central quadriceps tendon, prepatellar
      periosteum, and patellar tendon left attached distally to the tibial tubercle and
      of patients who had undergone the same procedure with PB augmentation of the
      autograft. Preoperatively, all patients had chronic ACL insufficiency and were
      experiencing symptomatic giving way. A subjective questionnaire and a physician
      examination (JHR) were completed on each patient. Objective laxity and functional
      testing, including KT 1000 arthrometer measurement, Cybex isokinetic strength
      analysis, and one leg horizontal hop for distance, were performed. Six
      radiographs of each operated knee were obtained. Results were statistically
      analyzed. Thirty-eight of 43 (88%) nonaugmented procedures performed were
      reviewed, with a mean followup of 64 months. Forty-five of 48 (94%) PB augmented
      reconstructions with a minimum followup of 42 months (maximum 57 months, mean 50
      months), were reviewed. On objective laxity and function testing, the PB
      augmented patients had better results than the nonaugmented patients. On
      subjective questioning, physician's examination, and radiographic analysis, the
      PB augmented results were significantly better. There were 12 (32%) knees with
      recurrent symptomatic giving way in the nonaugmented group and 5 (11%) in the PB
      augmented group. Chrondromalacia patellae and arthrofibrosis were seen in both
      groups. No adverse reaction to the PB was seen. We conclude that the PB is safe
      and that PB augmentation improves the efficacy of the intraarticular autograft to
      reconstruct the ACL.

PMID- 4051091
TI  - Glenoid labrum tears related to the long head of the biceps.
AB  - Tears of the glenoid labrum were observed in 73 baseball pitchers and other
      throwing athletes who underwent arthroscopic examination of the dominant
      shoulder. Most of the tears were located over the anterosuperior portion of the
      glenoid labrum near the origin of the tendon of the long head of the biceps
      muscle into the glenoid. At arthroscopy, the tendon of the long head of the
      biceps appeared to originate through and be continuous with the superior portion
      of the glenoid labrum. In many cases it appeared to have pulled the
      anterosuperior portion of the labrum off the glenoid. This observation was
      verified at arthroscopy by viewing the origin of the biceps tendon into the
      glenoid labrum as the muscle was electrically stimulated. With stimulation of the
      muscle, the tendinous portion became quite taut, particularly near its attachment
      to the glenoid labrum, and actually lifted the labrum off the glenoid. Three
      dimensional high-speed cinematography with computer analysis revealed that the
      moment acting about the elbow joint to extend the joint through an arc of about
      50 degrees was in excess of 600 inch-pounds. The extremely high velocity of elbow
      extension which is generated must be decelerated through the final 30 degrees of
      elbow extension. Of the muscles of the arm that provide the large deceleration
      forces in the follow-through phase of throwing, only the biceps brachii traverses
      both the elbow joint and the shoulder joint. Additional forces are generated in
      the biceps tendon in its function as a "shunt" muscle to stabilize the
      glenohumeral joint during the throwing act.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4051092
TI  - Stress fracture of the ribs in female rowers.
AB  - Stress fractures of the lower ribs related to sports are rare. Fractures of the
      ribs related to rowing sports have not been reported. We have documented seven
      cases of stress fractures of the lower ribs in female athletes; four were elite
      rowers and three were engaged in tennis, golf, and gymnastics. Each athlete was
      initially seen and treated elsewhere for muscular strain. All athletes presented
      with pain in the posterolateral thorax in and around the scapula. The time from
      onset of symptoms to diagnosis ranged from 2 to 6 months. Bone scans were used to
      document the fractures when roentgenograms were equivocal. Each athlete responded
      to a 4 to 8 week period of rest or training modification. Biomechanical analysis
      of the forces across the ribs demonstrates that these fractures tend to occur
      along the posterolateral segment where the bending stresses on the rib are
      greatest. The predominant muscle forces are generated by the forced couple of
      scapular retraction and protraction acting through the serratus anterior. We
      postulate that inadequate strength and resistance training background in women is
      the cause for the apparent increased susceptibility of women to these skeletal
      injuries.

PMID- 4051093
TI  - Avulsion fractures of the pelvis.
AB  - Avulsion fractures of the pelvic apophyses are seen infrequently but they show a
      consistent pattern in mechanism, patient's age, symptoms, physical findings, and
      roentgenographic appearance. Some disagreement exists in the literature
      concerning the treatment of these fractures. This study indicates that early
      diagnosis and a carefully directed nonoperative treatment program will produce
      positive results for avulsion fractures of the pelvis. Twenty-seven cases of
      acute avulsion fracture of the pelvis were successfully treated in a directed
      nonoperative program.

PMID- 4051094
TI  - Paralysis of the serratus anterior in a world class marksman. A case study.
AB  - The medical literature has produced a wide array of descriptive articles
      concerning paralysis of the serratus anterior; however, there has been no work on
      the role of sports in producing this condition. The functional anatomy,
      pathophysiology, and clinical evaluation are presented. A case study demonstrates
      the symptoms and progression of a typical patient with paralysis of the serratus
      anterior.

PMID- 4051095
TI  - A compartment syndrome of the upper arm. A case report.

PMID- 4051096
TI  - Intracompartmental pressures on exertion in a patient with a popliteal artery
      entrapment syndrome.
AB  - Intracompartmental pressure normally rises during exercise. Pressures in the
      anterior and deep posterior compartments of the leg were shown to decrease on
      exertion in a patient with a popliteal artery entrapment syndrome.

PMID- 4051097
TI  - Vascular tumors of the breast. III. Angiomatosis.
AB  - This report describes three female patients who were treated for diffuse vascular
      lesions of the breast. The lesion was congenital in one patient. Two were adults
      (40 and 59 years old). Each presented with a mass within the breast.
      Microscopically, the tumors were composed of vascular channels growing diffusely
      in breast parenchyma. The vessels were lined by flat, inconspicuous endothelium
      with sparse supporting mural tissue virtually devoid of smooth muscle. The
      lesions consisted of hemangiomatous (erythrocyte-containing) and lymphangiomatous
      (seemingly empty) channels with lymphoid aggregates. This combination of a mixed
      pattern of vessels and diffuse growth is similar to that seen in lesions that
      have been called angiomatosis in other anatomic sites. Because the microscopic
      distinction between very orderly angiosarcomas and angiomatosis may be difficult,
      complete excision of the tumor is necessary. For bulky lesions, this may require
      mastectomy. In one patient congenital angiomatosis has persisted and recurred
      twice in the mammary region over 39 years. The other two patients remain well 3
      years after local excision and 2 years and 4 months after mastectomy,
      respectively. Angiomatosis of the breast has not exhibited clinically malignant
      behavior since no metastases have been observed.

PMID- 4051098
TI  - Vascular tumors of the breast. IV. The venous hemangioma.
AB  - Recent studies have documented the diversity of vascular tumors of the breast. In
      addition to angiosarcoma, it has been possible to define several categories of
      benign lesions. This report describes four patients whose vascular tumor
      consisted of a circumscribed disorderly vascular proliferation composed largely
      of venous channels. These vascular tumors of the breast correspond most closely
      to soft-tissue lesions that have been classified as venous hemangiomas. The
      patients ranged in age from 24 to 59 years. Each presented with a mass; the
      tumors measured 1.0-5 cm in diameter. Three were treated by excisional biopsy and
      one by mastectomy. All have remained well. The patient with the longest follow-up
      (11 years) reported that her tumor had been present for 13 years before
      diagnosis. A 38-year-old woman had coexistent lobular carcinoma in situ. She
      remains well less than 1 year after excisional biopsy. Thus far there is no
      evidence that this apparently benign lesion is likely to develop into
      angiosarcoma. Based on the information at hand, complete local excision appears
      to be adequate treatment. Longer follow-up and the study of other cases will
      provide a more complete assessment of the clinical course of this vascular tumor.

PMID- 4051099
TI  - Periosteal chondroma and periosteal chondrosarcoma.
AB  - A clinicopathologic study of 46 patients with periosteal chondroma and 14
      patients with periosteal chondrosarcoma revealed that periosteal chondroma tended
      to affect younger patients and that the lesion was usually smaller.
      Radiographically, the typical periosteal chondroma was a small, well-marginated
      tumor on the outer surface of a long bone. Erosion of the cortical surface and
      marginal buttresses were usually present. Periosteal chondrosarcoma had a more
      aggressive appearance and was seen as a large mass located superficially on the
      cortex; the margins of the mass were more irregular than those of chondroma.
      Histologically, periosteal chondroma frequently showed hypercellularity, plump
      nuclei, and binucleation. Thus, the differentiation of chondroma from
      chondrosarcoma is difficult and is based mainly on evidence of invasion. The
      prognosis in periosteal chondroma is good: only one patient had a local
      recurrence, none of the tumors underwent malignant change, and excision seems to
      be curative. However, the prognosis in periosteal chondrosarcoma is not as good:
      two patients died of metastasis to the lungs after local excision and two
      patients had recurrences after local resection. Periosteal chondrosarcoma should
      be treated more aggressively than periosteal chondroma.

PMID- 4051100
TI  - Papers of the Society of Head and Neck Surgeons. 31st annual meeting of the
      Society of Head and Neck Surgeons. Dorado, Puerto Rico, May 5-8, 1985.

PMID- 4051101
TI  - Perspectives in head and neck cancer.

PMID- 4051102
TI  - Tumors of the paranasal sinuses: a therapeutic challenge.
AB  - Cancer involving the ethmoid and sphenoid frontal sinus complex can be
      successfully eradicated by a combined transcranial and transfacial surgical
      dissection. Survival rates of 44 to 58 percent with a 3 percent hospital
      mortality rate in patients whose previous surgery or radiotherapy was largely
      unsuccessful suggest that this cosmetically acceptable surgical endeavor should
      be used more often by the head and neck surgeon in treating paranasal sinus
      cancer. Utilizing the principles of antibiotic prophylaxis, strict attention to
      principles of tumor removal and surgical technique, and the talents of the
      combined surgical and neurosurgical team, this aggressive surgical approach to
      the paranasal sinuses can be safely and successfully carried out. The approach
      described herein has the following advantages: it allows accurate evaluation of
      intracranial tumor extension while protecting the intracranial contents, it
      essentially avoids cerebrospinal fistulization, it provides adequate exposure for
      hemostasis, facilitates en bloc tumor resection, selectively conserves the
      orbital contents, and provides patient survival rates up to 58 percent for
      paranasal cancer that involves the ethmoid and sphenoid frontal sinus complex.

PMID- 4051103
TI  - Modified neck dissection. A study of 967 cases from 1970 to 1980.
AB  - The medical records of 967 patients treated with a modified neck dissection were
      carefully reviewed, and the data were collected and statistically analyzed. For a
      primary tumor in the oral cavity or oropharynx, a supraomohyoid neck dissection
      was adequate treatment for the neck that was both clinically staged N0 or N1 and
      pathologically staged N1 without evidence of extracapsular invasion. For primary
      tumors in the larynx and hypopharynx, an elective bilateral anterior neck
      dissection is considered proper treatment if the nodes are not multiple or if
      connective tissue disease is not present. A functional neck dissection is
      effective neck treatment regardless of the primary site or stage of the disease.
      The selective use of postoperative radiotherapy can more effectively decrease the
      incidence of neck recurrence compared with surgery alone in patients with
      multiple positive nodes, a node more than 3 cm in size, or nodes with
      extracapsular invasion.

PMID- 4051104
TI  - Total reconstruction of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus.
AB  - Patients with extensive circumferential tumors of the hypopharynx and those with
      carcinomas of the cervical esophagus usually require resection of a cylindrical
      segment of the upper digestive tube. These patients present similar difficulties
      of reconstruction and also share a very poor prognosis. At times, the same
      complicated technical effort is required for palliation and definitive cure
      alike. From 1970 through 1982 at the University of Texas-M.D. Anderson Hospital
      at Houston, 78 patients underwent complete resection of the hypopharynx (54
      patients) or the cervical esophagus (24 patients) for advanced malignant tumors.
      Seventy-three tumors were squamous cell carcinomas, and the remaining 5 were
      cancers that originated in the salivary gland. These large tumors were not staged
      according to the TNM system, since they frequently involved two different
      anatomic structures and a precise clinical assessment was not always possible.
      The only criterion for inclusion of patients in this series was the need to
      replace the entire pharynx or cervical esophagus after removal of the cancer. Of
      the 78 patients, 64 received their entire treatment at our institution, and of
      this group, 44 patients had only one surgical procedure. All patients in the
      series had circumferential resection as the final surgical step at our
      institution. The types of repair used in this group of patients were a cutaneous
      flap or graft in 44 patients, a colon bypass in 16 patients, a lateral trapezius
      musculocutaneous flap in 9 patients, and a pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap
      in 6 patients. In three additional patients, the reconstruction was initially
      delayed for various reasons and was ultimately abandoned. Technical
      considerations and a detailed analysis of the complications and palliative value
      of each procedure are presented. The merit of these procedures is judged
      according to the quality and the length of the patient's survival. Although the
      degree of palliation varies considerably according to the technique used, the
      survival rates were similar in all cases, the average being 43 percent at 5 years
      after the first treatment attempt and 27 percent at 5 years after the surgical
      resection that required a complete circumferential reconstruction.

PMID- 4051105
TI  - Transaxillary latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction in head and neck cancer.
      Limitations and refinements in 56 cases.
AB  - The transaxillary latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap is suitable whenever a
      large volume of tissue is required for head and neck reconstruction. Fifty-six
      transaxillary latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap reconstructions were
      performed in 55 patients. There were two cases of complete flap necrosis and
      eight cases of partial flap necrosis. The latissimus dorsi vascular pedicle is
      separate from the irradiated field. The pedicled latissimus dorsi flap provides
      coverage of the orbitocranium, including the supraorbital region and central
      portion of the upper face. In the event that the pedicled latissimus dorsi flap
      does not reach far enough cephalad, the nutrient vessels may be separated from
      the axillary artery and anastomosed to vessels in the neck. Combined defects of
      the esophagus, mandibulofacial region, and neck may be reconstructed with a
      single large latissimus dorsi flap. Hairless skin particularly suitable for oral
      cavity reconstruction is usually available. Aesthetic and functional deficits are
      minimal after latissimus dorsi reconstruction. Disadvantages of this technique
      include repositioning of the patient, increased blood loss, and longer operating
      time. Permanent brachial plexus injury may occur. The latissimus dorsi
      musculocutaneous flap should not be used when defects can be reconstructed by
      simpler methods.

PMID- 4051106
TI  - Indications for performing hemithyroidectomy for tumors requiring total
      laryngectomy.
AB  - To determine the necessity of performing a hemithyroidectomy in patients who
      require a total laryngectomy, the pathologic reports and clinical courses of 261
      patients who underwent total laryngectomy were reviewed. Twenty-four percent of
      the specimens demonstrated transcartilaginous invasion, with the highest
      incidences occurring in glottic (31 percent) and subglottic (60 percent) tumors.
      Epidermoid tumor invading the thyroid gland occurred in 5 percent of the
      specimens. All of these showed invasion by direct extension, were palpable at the
      time of surgery and were associated with transcartilaginous invasion. Ninety
      percent of these tumors were primarily glottic or subglottic and 70 percent
      demonstrated subglottic extension greater than 1.5 cm. Furthermore, the prognosis
      of patients with tumorous invasion of the thyroid gland was dismal, with local
      recurrence or distant metastasis occurring within 10 months of curative
      resection. In patients who had laryngectomies, hypothyroidism was found in 70
      percent of those who underwent radiotherapy and hemithyroidectomy, in 38 percent
      of those who underwent radiotherapy alone, in 23 percent of those who underwent
      hemithyroidectomy alone, and in 20 percent of those who did not undergo
      hemithyroidectomy or radiotherapy. Based on these results, we advocate
      ipsilateral or total thyroidectomy for palpably suspicious thyroid glands seen
      intraoperatively, subglottic tumors, glottic tumors with more than 1 cm of
      subglottic extension, T4 endolaryngeal tumors with transcartilaginous invasion,
      and T4 pyriform sinus tumors.

PMID- 4051107
TI  - Is the BANS concept for malignant melanoma valid?
AB  - In this study of 427 patients with stage I malignant melanoma seen at the Mayo
      Clinic between 1973 and 1981, only those patients with complete data with respect
      to thickness and level of penetration of lesion, morphologic type, and anatomic
      site were included. Although supporting the widely accepted concept of the
      prognostic importance of thickness of the lesion, the level of penetration was of
      much lesser significance in our series, and prophylactic node dissection could
      not be shown to be of significant benefit. Likewise, the BANS concept proposed by
      Day et al [1] was not corroborated. The reasons for these discrepancies are not
      fully apparent, although a preponderance of thin and intermediate thickness
      lesions in our patients may have had some influence on our results.

PMID- 4051108
TI  - Immunologic patterns of regional lymph nodes in squamous cell carcinoma of the
      floor of the mouth. Prognostic significance.
AB  - Histologic specimens from 43 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the floor
      of the mouth treated exclusively by surgery were studied with special attention
      paid to the reactivity of regional lymph nodes. The lymph nodes were classified
      into four microscopic patterns of immune response: lymphocyte predominance for
      sinus histiocytosis, germinal center predominance, unstimulated, and lymphocyte
      depletion. No nodes of the lymphocyte depletion pattern were found. Correlations
      were then made between the patterns and survival rate at 5 year follow-up. The
      results showed that those patients with lymph nodes that demonstrated lymphocyte
      predominance had a better survival rate than patients with germinal center
      predominance and the unstimulated patterns. These correlations were independent
      of stage and metastatic nodal status and the differences were statistically
      significant (p less than 0.5). Morphologic assessment of immunologic activity in
      lymph nodes that drain carcinoma of the floor of the mouth appears to be of
      significant prognostic value.

PMID- 4051109
TI  - Mandibulotomy approach to oropharyngeal tumors.
AB  - We have reviewed our experience with 120 selected patients who had pharyngeal
      tumors resected through a median mandibulotomy approach with paralingual
      extension (mandibular swing). Clinical findings, technique, and complications are
      discussed. Results were gratifying in terms of salvage, patient appearance, and
      function. We believe that this surgical approach, in combination with
      postoperative radiotherapy when appropriate, offers an attractive alternative to
      high dose radiotherapy alone in patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma.

PMID- 4051110
TI  - The intramandibular sliding myoosseous graft. A simple technique for immediate
      reconstruction of selected anterior mandibular defects.
AB  - The intramandibular sliding myoosseous graft provides a new technique for
      reestablishment of mandibular continuity. It is well suited for immediate or
      remote reconstruction of midline or unilateral defects. Close attention to
      constructing smooth, confluent bone margins reduces the probability of mucosal
      fenestration. We have found that rigid direct osseous fixation improves the rate
      and quality of osteosynthesis. The technique is a useful and simple addition to
      the reconstructive armamentarium.

PMID- 4051111
TI  - Intraoperative adjuvant radiotherapy for advanced cancers of the head and neck.
      Preliminary report.
AB  - We have reported the early local control and survival results of treatment of
      recurrent or metastatic head and neck tumors with intraoperative brachytherapy.
      All six patients were locally free of disease after curative surgery and
      intraoperative brachytherapy for 4 months to 1 year, whereas two of eight
      patients were alive at last follow-up at 7 and 8 months with some complications
      after palliative surgery and intraoperative brachytherapy. We advocate such a
      technique not only in hopelessly advanced tumors but also in less advanced
      tumors, as well as a definitively integrated plan of management. Doses of iodine
      125 of up to 15,000 rads are safe and well tolerated, even in the presence of a
      past history of radiotherapy.

PMID- 4051112
TI  - Intraoperative radiotherapy in patients with recurrent head and neck cancer.
AB  - Patients with head and neck cancer who have a relapse of the disease above the
      clavicles can sometimes be salvaged by additional surgery. However, if all gross
      tumor cannot be removed during surgery or if the resection margins are
      unsatisfactory, the likelihood of salvage is remote, especially when
      postoperative radiotherapy is not feasible due to previous radiotherapy. Between
      1979 and 1983, we employed intraoperative brachytherapy for 21 such patients.
      Sixteen patients had a recurrence after previous surgery and radiotherapy, and 5
      after radical radiotherapy. All gross tumor could not be removed in 15 patients,
      whereas satisfactory margins could not be obtained in 6. In 11 patients, we
      delivered radiotherapy by a temporary implant of iridium-192 (median dose 4,800
      rads in 6 days). In 10 patients, radiotherapy was delivered by a permanent
      implant of iodine-125 (median activity 13 mCi). Three patients (14 percent) had a
      relapse within the surgical field, whereas six others (28 percent) had a relapse
      elsewhere or had development of metastases. Complications developed in four
      patients (19 percent) and were fatal in one patient. The actuarial disease-free
      survival rate at 2 years was 55 percent, whereas the rate of local disease
      control was 81 percent. Our experience suggests that intraoperative brachytherapy
      can salvage certain high-risk patients with head and neck cancer.

PMID- 4051113
TI  - Modified radical neck dissection and postoperative radiotherapy in squamous cell
      head and neck cancer.
AB  - Between 1978 and 1982, 41 patients with clinically staged N1, N2, or N3b disease
      underwent unilateral or bilateral modified radical neck dissection. Five patients
      died free from their original disease with less than 24 months follow-up. Twenty
      four patients with histologically positive nodes received postoperative
      radiotherapy with 2 (8 percent) neck recurrences. Another four patients with
      histologically positive nodes refused postoperative radiotherapy and had two (50
      percent) neck recurrences. Three patients did not respond to radiotherapy at the
      time of their surgery and had no neck recurrences. The final five patients had
      histologically negative nodes, did not receive radiotherapy, and had no neck
      recurrences. These results suggest that modified radical neck dissection can be
      used in lieu of the classical radical dissection in many patients with clinically
      positive nodes who have squamous cell head and neck cancer without compromising
      survival.

PMID- 4051114
TI  - Considering the spinal accessory nerve in head and neck surgery.
AB  - Loss of trapezius muscle function represents the single most important source of
      long-term morbidity from a radical neck dissection. Its preservation has been one
      of the central features of the conservative or modified neck dissection. We
      recently undertook an evaluation of 100 consecutive patients who had undergone
      composite resection for head and neck cancer and examined them with particular
      emphasis on the function of the trapezius muscle. The mean interval from the time
      of radical neck dissection to the time of this evaluation was 6.2 years. The
      operations included radical neck dissection with sacrifice of the spinal
      accessory nerve, radical neck dissection with preservation of the spinal
      accessory nerve, and radical neck dissection with interpositioned cable graft
      reconstruction. The survey showed that 67 percent of the patients who underwent
      radical neck dissection with sacrifice of the spinal accessory nerve, although
      they showed profound atrophy of the trapezius muscle, had few symptoms related to
      this deficit. Similarly, 47 percent of patients who underwent radical neck
      dissection with preservation of the spinal accessory nerve showed some signs of
      muscle atrophy, and 20 percent showed little or no function of the muscle.
      Interpositioned nerve grafts appeared to function well in 66 percent of the
      patients. The survey showed that a surprising number of patients treated with a
      standard radical neck dissection and sacrifice of the spinal accessory nerve had
      few postoperative symptoms related to the loss of trapezius muscle function. Also
      unexpected was the number of patients with signs of muscle dysfunction despite
      nerve preservation.

PMID- 4051115
TI  - Transcapsular spread of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma from cervical lymph
      nodes.
AB  - The incidence, extent, and selected clinicopathologic correlations of
      transcapsular spread from metastatic tumor in the cervical lymph nodes have been
      investigated in 210 specimens obtained by radical neck dissection from 203
      patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Transcapsular spread
      was detected in 137 of 159 (86 percent) positive specimens, and classified as
      macroscopic in 74 (54 percent) and microscopic in 63 (46 percent). Macroscopic
      transcapsular spread was seen most frequently in association with large nodal
      masses more than 3 cm in diameter (48 of 70 specimens, 69 percent), but also
      occurred in some specimens with smaller lymph nodes less than 3 cm in diameter
      (26 of 67 specimens, 39 percent). Anatomic structures most commonly invaded in
      areas of neck dissection with macroscopic spread from nodal metastases were
      skeletal muscle (39 dissections) and the adventitial coat of the internal jugular
      vein (27 dissections). Macroscopic transcapsular infiltration was associated with
      a high incidence (44 percent) of recurrent tumor in the ipsilateral neck,
      particularly within 12 months of surgery. Microscopic transcapsular growth was
      associated with a lower incidence (25 percent) of recurrent tumor in the
      ipsilateral neck but the difference did not reach statistical significance.
      Similar recurrence figures (32 percent) were found in the minority of patients
      whose nodal disease was intracapsular at the time of neck dissection. More
      precise definition of the morphologic extent of transcapsular spread could be
      important in clarifying its clinicopathologic correlations.

PMID- 4051116
TI  - Modified radical neck dissection for metastatic carcinoma of the thyroid. A
      reappraisal.
AB  - From January 1958 through December 1983, 56 modified radical neck dissections
      were performed on 47 patients with metastases to the cervical nodes from
      differentiated carcinomas of the thyroid. In nine patients, a second modified
      radical neck dissection was performed either simultaneously or at a later date.
      Lymph node clearance was performed on all but one surgical specimen. The number
      of nodes in each specimen ranged from 10 to 96, and the number of involved nodes
      ranged from 1 to 20. Thirty-eight of the 56 neck specimens contained four or more
      positive nodes. Seventeen patients were followed for 10 to 26 years, 18 patients
      for 5 to 9 years, and 5 patients for less than 5 years. Seven other patients
      died, three from other causes and four from lung metastases. There were no
      recurrences in the neck sides that would have been cleared if standard radical
      neck dissection had been performed. This reappraisal with long-term follow-up
      supports our initial impression that a modified radical neck dissection sparing
      the spinal accessory nerve, the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the internal jugular
      vein, or any combination thereof is an effective procedure for differentiated
      cancer of the thyroid, with preservation of good shoulder function and
      improvement in the cosmetic appearance of the neck.

PMID- 4051117
TI  - Objective comparison of physical dysfunction after neck dissection.
AB  - Thirty-five patients who underwent a total of 44 neck dissections of various
      types were prospectively studied to compare differences in postoperative shoulder
      function. Those who underwent a radical neck dissection suffered the greatest
      reduction in shoulder movement and had severely abnormal electromyograms. Those
      who underwent modified neck dissection with preservation of the spinal accessory
      nerve suffered less loss of shoulder function than the radical neck dissection
      group, but not to a significant degree at 16 weeks; however, the electromyograms
      of patients who underwent modified neck dissection were significantly better than
      those of the radical neck dissection group, which suggests that these patients
      may improve with time. Indeed, a reevaluation of several patients at 1 year
      showed improvement in both shoulder function and electromyograms in those who
      underwent modified neck dissection. Patients who underwent supraomohyoid neck
      dissection that involved minimal dissection of the spinal accessory nerve had
      minimal loss of shoulder function and usually, normal electromyograms at 16 weeks
      that documented less injury to the spinal accessory nerve. Again, these patients
      had improvement with time. A correlational analysis revealed that the physical
      parameters correlated well with the electromyographic findings, whereas each
      patient's perception of disability did not. These findings suggest that, in
      patients in whom it is oncologically sound, a neck dissection that spares the
      spinal accessory nerve offers significant benefit in terms of shoulder function.

PMID- 4051118
TI  - Melanoma metastatic to cervical and parotid nodes from an unknown primary site.
AB  - The medical records of 96 patients with melanoma metastatic to cervical and
      parotid nodes from an unknown primary site have been reviewed. The use of various
      surgical procedures were correlated with local recurrence and survival rates. The
      size and number of involved nodes and the extent of nodal disease were compared
      with the type of treatment, and the age and sex of the patients, incidence of
      above-clavicle recurrence, and the 2, 5, and 10 year survival rates. The only
      significant correlations were the adverse affects of patient age over 50 years
      and multiple, large, pathologically positive nodes on local control and survival.
      Adjunctive chemotherapy and immunotherapy had no therapeutic value.

PMID- 4051119
TI  - Clinical and pathologic correlations in disease metastatic to the thyroid gland.
AB  - Findings in our series of patients and a review of the literature seem to suggest
      that metastatic cancer to the thyroid is much more common that is clinically
      evident. The clinical presentation of an asymptomatic mass, normal thyroid
      functions, and a cold nodule on thyroid scan can occur months to years after
      treatment of a primary cancer and thus often produces a clinical dilemma. Workup
      should include ruling out other metastatic cancer and fine-needle aspiration of
      the thyroid mass. If isolated metastatic cancer to the thyroid is found, surgical
      resection should be performed, usually by lobectomy and isthmusectomy.
      Unfortunately, the prognosis is poor, but surgery often prolongs the disease-free
      interval and occasionally will be curative.

PMID- 4051120
TI  - Possible mechanism of the synergistic effect of heparin and dihydroergotamine.
AB  - A combination of heparin and dihydroergotamine mesylate (Heparin-Dihydergot) has
      been shown to be more effective than either of these drugs alone in preventing
      postoperative venous thromboembolism. The possible mechanism for the synergistic
      effect of heparin and dihydroergotamine was assessed. Phlebograms obtained after
      administration of 0.5 mg of dihydroergotamine showed marked constriction of the
      tibial and soleal veins with a significant reduction in the mean diameter of the
      femoral vein. The effect on the coagulation mechanism was assessed in 28
      patients. Blood samples were withdrawn from the femoral vein during varicose vein
      operations. A significant difference was observed in antithrombin III activity,
      kaolin-cephalin clotting time, beta-thromboglobulin, and fibrino-peptide levels
      between the control, dihydroergotamine, heparin, and the combination groups.

PMID- 4051121
TI  - Thrombolytic therapy for deep vein thrombosis.
AB  - We have outlined our treatment for acute DVT with thrombolytic agents. We prefer
      to use thrombolytic agents unless a specific contraindication is present. Both
      heparin and thrombolytic agents carry the risk of bleeding. In our opinion, the
      long-term results of restoring the deep venous system anatomically and
      physiologically are more likely if thrombolysis is the chosen therapy. Heparin
      therapy simply arrests the problem and relies on the development of sufficient
      venous collateral pathways, recanalization, or both to improve venous return. The
      short-term results (the first 6 months) of thrombolytic therapy and heparin are
      similar. The results of prospective, randomized studies comparing standard
      anticoagulation versus lytic therapy have documented improved long-term venous
      function in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy.

PMID- 4051122
TI  - Hemodynamic and clinical assessment after therapy for acute deep vein thrombosis.
      A prospective study.
AB  - This prospective study was undertaken in 153 patients who had sustained DVT of
      various extents and had been treated with streptokinase or heparin. Its aim was
      (1) to assess hemodynamic changes occurring in the deep venous system over a 2
      year period, and (2) to correlate these hemodynamic changes with the clinical
      features that subsequently developed. Foot volumetry, a noninvasive, objective,
      and accurate technique, was used to measure hemodynamic changes. Within 2 years
      of DVT, there was severe hemodynamic impairment (equivalent to that seen in
      established postphlebitic limbs) in a fifth of the limbs with calf vein DVT, and
      in half of the limbs with more extensive proximal DVT. Symptoms were worse after
      major DVT. Even when successful, thrombolytic therapy does not prevent
      hemodynamic deterioration. The results appear to be no better than for a group of
      patients who, with the same degree of thrombosis, received heparin therapy.

PMID- 4051123
TI  - [The control of infection vectors].

PMID- 4051124
TI  - [Bacterial ecology of the skin].

PMID- 4051125
TI  - [Microbial ecology of the digestive system].

PMID- 4051126
TI  - [Analysis of the net cost of intensive care in the framework of the global
      budget. Attempt at determining the cost of infection over a 5-year period (1978
      1984)].

PMID- 4051127
TI  - [Costs of sterilization of resuscitation equipment].

PMID- 4051128
TI  - [Risks of infection related to venous catheterization and an attempt at
      estimating its financial cost].

PMID- 4051129
TI  - Are there too many dermatopathologists?

PMID- 4051130
TI  - Criteria for histologic differentiation of desmoplastic trichoepithelioma
      (sclerosing epithelial hamartoma) from morphea-like basal-cell carcinoma.
AB  - Histological differentiation between desmoplastic trichoepithelioma and morphea
      like basal-cell carcinoma may be exceedingly difficult. Because the criteria for
      this differentiation published to date have not proved satisfactory to us, we
      undertook a study with the aim of formulating repeatable and reliable criteria
      for distinguishing between these two conditions of wholly different biological
      potential. We believe that the 26 sets of criteria listed here will permit
      reliable differentiation of desmoplastic trichoepitheliomas from morphea-like
      basal-cell carcinomas, even in biopsy specimens taken by shave and punch
      techniques.

PMID- 4051131
TI  - The evolution of perforating folliculitis in patients with chronic renal failure.
AB  - The evolution of perforating folliculitis in six patients with chronic renal
      failure was investigated with special attention to clinical and histopathologic
      changes in early, evolving, and mature lesions. Different and distinct histologic
      features at each stage were found. The earliest lesions, follicular pustules,
      evolved into perforating folliculitis that eventuated in prurigo nodularis. A
      combined treatment consisting of an anti-staphylococcal antibiotic by mouth,
      phototherapy, and application of a topical corticosteroid lotion proved helpful
      in controlling the generalized pruritus and the evolution of the lesions in these
      cases.

PMID- 4051132
TI  - Our vanishing past.

PMID- 4051133
TI  - Perforating folliculitis in association with primary sclerosing cholangitis.
AB  - Two patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis developed perforating lesions in
      the skin of the extremities. Clinically and histologically, the cutaneous
      condition showed the features of perforating folliculitis with superimposed
      lesions of prurigo nodularis. The course of the eruption paralleled the severity
      of the biliary disease. A theory of pathogenesis for the development of the
      perforating folliculitis in these patients is suggested. To the best of our
      knowledge, this is the first report of the coexistence of both conditions.

PMID- 4051134
TI  - Solitary familial desmoplastic trichoepithelioma. A study by conventional and
      electron microscopy.
AB  - Solitary desmoplastic trichoepitheliomas from a mother and two daughters were
      studied by conventional and electron microscopy. Differential diagnosis by
      conventional microscopy is briefly discussed. The lesions consisted of cords and
      nests of basaloid cells set in fibrotic stroma and confined to the dermis. In
      addition, each lesion contained horn cysts and focal areas of calcification. Horn
      cysts were occasionally identified in continuity with infundibulae of normal hair
      follicles. Semithin sections showed cords and nests of cells in continuity with
      the horn cysts. Ultrastructurally, a continuous basal lamina surrounded the cords
      of basaloid cells and connected to horn cysts. Individual cells contained
      tonofilaments and were attached to adjacent cells by desmosomes. Hemidesmosomes
      were present at peripheral cell membranes bounded by basal lamina. There was no
      glandular differentiation. Our observations by electron and conventional
      microscopy support a conclusion that desmoplastic trichoepitheliomas are derived
      from hair appendages.

PMID- 4051135
TI  - Cyclic dynamics of hair follicles and the effect of minoxidil on the bald scalps
      of stumptailed macaques.

PMID- 4051136
TI  - The myth of the "born" teacher.

PMID- 4051137
TI  - Follicular mycosis fungoides.

PMID- 4051138
TI  - Follicular spongiosis with intercellular deposition of mucin: observations and
      speculations.

PMID- 4051140
TI  - Hair-follicle nevus.

PMID- 4051139
TI  - Hair-follicle nevus or congenital vellus hamartoma.

PMID- 4051141
TI  - Standardization of the prick test. A comparative study of three methods.
AB  - The different needles and methods used in the prick test give rise to disparate
      results. This has significance when carrying out multi-centre studies and when
      using the technique in the standardization of allergenic extracts. With test
      reliability as our objective, prick tests were carried out on 30 subjects: 10
      patients sensitive to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus received a glycerine extract
      of known allergenic potency, 10 healthy individuals 2.5% codeine phosphate in a
      glycerine solution, and another 10, histamine 1/1000. The total prick tests per
      individual was 27 with each of the needles employed (Allergy Pricker, the Morrow
      Brown needle and Insulin needle in accordance with Pepy's procedure). The tests
      were carried out systematically by three different testers, and the total number
      of prick tests performed was 810. With the Allergy Pricker, no differences were
      observed among results obtained by the same tester, nor when the results of the
      three testers were compared. With the Morrow-Brown needle, the results varied in
      the same person and from one tester to another, and on many occasions the test
      was negative. With the Pepys method, no falsely negative results were obtained,
      but there was considerable variation in the size of the wheal. The variation
      coefficient is 41% with the Allergy Pricker, and 115% and 64% with the Morrow
      Brown and Pepys method, respectively. In conclusion, the results obtained clearly
      indicate that the highest degree of reproducibility is obtained with the Allergy
      Pricker.

PMID- 4051142
TI  - Reproducibility of skin sensitivity using a quantitative skin prick test.
AB  - The reproducibility of repeated quantitative skin prick test titrations was
      evaluated in seven asthmatic patients tested 2-4 times within 6 weeks. The skin
      sensitivity was estimated as endpoint titration and histamine equivalent reaction
      using both 1 and 10 mg/ml histamine dihydrochloride. The histamine equivalent
      reaction had a significantly higher reproducibility compared to endpoint
      titration, with a coefficient of variation less than 10% for histamine 10 mg/ml.
      Further, using this histamine concentration, the deviation in repeated testing
      was for practical purposes less than 0.5 log step. The same constancy in skin
      sensitivity was found in one patient tested 3 times and then retested another 3
      times 6 months later by a different tester. The results indicate that the
      quantitative skin prick test and histamine-estimated skin sensitivity have a
      clinical application in the assessment of pharmacologically or immunotherapy
      induced changes in the releasability of skin mast cells.

PMID- 4051143
TI  - Aluminium hydroxide adsorbed allergens used in modified RAST.
AB  - A method is described in which the conventional radioallergosorbent test (RAST)
      for determination of allergen-specific IgE in serum has been modified by
      displacing the solidphase sorbent by a gel of aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3). The
      optimum conditions for this new analysis (AlRAST) are determined, taking into
      account speed, costs and the ratio between responses of patients and normal
      individuals. The AlRAST fulfills the criteria for validity: it is specific and
      shows parallelism between serum dilution curves. The sensitivity and
      reproducibility are slightly lower than in the conventional RAST, but sufficient
      for most routine and screening procedures. The preparation of allergosorbents in
      AlRAST can be accomplished within 1 h, thus making it convenient for fast
      screening of patients against unusual allergen extracts, as well as for allergen
      standardization from dose-response curves. Further, it is possible to standardize
      aluminium hydroxide adsorbed extracts used for immunotherapy by using the
      products directly as allergosorbents in the AlRAST.

PMID- 4051144
TI  - Identification and clinical significance of allergenic molecules of cat origin.
      Part of the DAS 76 Study.
AB  - Freeze-dried extracts from cat dander and the corresponding rabbit antibodies
      were used for establishing the CIE reference pattern for cat dander extracts.
      Anti-Cat Ag 1 and anti-cat albumin were used for identification of the
      corresponding antigens. CRIE on sera from selected groups of American and Danish
      cat-allergic patients demonstrated antigen-specific IgE binding to 10 of 15 cat
      dander antigens (Cat Ag 1 being the major allergen). Only minor differences were
      found between the two groups. Four of these allergens were serum proteins.
      Variable amounts of many of the 10 allergens were measured by QIE in saliva,
      serum, urine and three cat pelt extracts. However, extremely wide ranges for
      content of the serum allergens and the non-serum allergens were found. This was
      exemplified by an albumin/cat Ag 1 ratio between 1 and 400, smallest in cat
      dander. Immunoabsorption using anti-cat dander, anti-cat albumin and anti-Cat Ag
      1 indicated that the anti-cat dander, anti-cat albumin, and the anti-Cat Ag 1
      absorbed approximately 90%, 25%, and 56%, respectively, of the dander RAST
      activity, and 87%, 11%, and 45%, respectively, of the saliva RAST activity,
      confirming the major importance of Ag 1. It is concluded that cat allergenic
      extracts should contain only modest amounts of serum albumin and other serum
      derived antigens and that any relevant standardization must include
      quantification of at least Cat Ag 1 and cat albumin.

PMID- 4051145
TI  - Clinical and biological evaluation of semi-rush and ordinary immunotherapy
      schemes in type I allergic respiratory diseases.
AB  - Forty-three patients with type I allergic respiratory diseases received aqueous
      grass pollen immunotherapy in a prospective study designed to compare the
      clinical and biological effects of a semi-rush hyposensitization (20 patients)
      with ordinary hyposensitization (23 patients). Before the start of the therapy
      (end of previous grass pollen season, t1) and before (t2) and after the next
      grass pollen season (t3), total serum IgE (tIgE), grass pollen-specific IgE
      (GPsIgE), grass pollen-specific IgG (GPsIgG) and complement factors C3 and C4
      were determined. GPsIgE and GPsIgG levels increased significantly more during
      immunotherapy in patients receiving the semi-rush scheme as compared with the
      ordinary scheme. There were no significant changes between the two schemes at any
      times for tIgE, C3 and C4. GPsIgG was already higher in allergic patients before
      the start of therapy as compared with non-allergic patients and controls.
      Clinical improvement was the same in patients treated with the semi-rush scheme
      as in the ordinary group. The number of side effects was not statistically
      different between the two groups. In neither group was there a correlation
      between the change in biological parameters and change in clinical symptoms. As
      the semi-rush scheme gives the same results immunologically as well as
      clinically, it could be used in a number of patients since it reduces the time
      course of the initial therapy by about 2 months.

PMID- 4051146
TI  - Protective effect of a new anti-asthmatic agent (Minocromil) in bronchial
      allergen challenge tests.
AB  - Ten patients were included in a double-blind crossover trial, designed to compare
      the effects of a new anti-asthmatic agent Minocromil, an organic decarboxylic
      acid, and placebo on bronchial allergen challenge. The challenges were performed
      at weekly intervals. Significant differences in favour of Minocromil were found
      in the concentration of antigen reached at which FEV1 fell below 20% of baseline.
      This was confirmed by analysis of the decrease in FEV1 recorded at the highest
      concentrations of antigens, which showed statistically significant differences in
      favour of Minocromil.

PMID- 4051147
TI  - Allergy to weeping fig--a new occupational disease.
AB  - During the last decade green plants have become more common in interior
      decoration. There are companies specializing in the leasing of green plants to
      public buildings and offices. Weeping fig is one of the most popular green
      plants. Dust and dry components of the plant are usually removed by vigorous
      shaking. In this way the allergen becomes airborne. During a few months we have
      seen several plant keepers who have developed airway allergy to weeping fig. Two
      of them have been thoroughly investigated. Both are atopics. Extracts were made
      from leaves and branches and both patients had positive skin prick tests and
      RAST. The risk of sensitization in plant keepers who work with weeping fig is
      probably considerable.

PMID- 4051148
TI  - Clinical freedom.

PMID- 4051149
TI  - Variability of fentanyl pharmacokinetics in man. Computer predicted plasma
      concentrations for three intravenous dosage regimens.
AB  - The derived pharmacokinetic data for the intravenous administration of fentanyl
      obtained from seven previous studies were compared using computer simulation of
      predicted plasma concentrations following three intravenous dosage regimens.
      There was wide discrepancy between the reported calculated pharmacokinetic
      constants from the various studies, such that the volume of distribution ranged
      from 4.4 to 59.7 litres, estimates of terminal elimination half-life ranged from
      141 to 853 minutes while total body clearance values ranged from 160 to 1530
      ml/minute. The differences in predicted plasma concentrations were marked. The
      peak concentration following a bolus of 500 micrograms ranged from 8.4-113.6
      ng/ml and took from 2.9 to 18.9 hours to fall to 0.5 ng/ml. The steady state
      plasma concentration reached with an infusion of 0.3 microgram/kg/minute varied
      from 12.2-119.9 ng/ml and the plateau level attained with a two-rate infusion
      (2.7 micrograms/kg/minute for 20 minutes then 0.3 micrograms/kg/minute) ranged
      from 10.6-50.8 ng/ml. The aim of descriptive pharmacokinetics is to allow the
      clinician to predict the plasma concentration achieved by a given dose and to
      facilitate dosage choice and adjustment. Recent interest has centred on the use
      of pharmacokinetics to calculate continuous intravenous infusion dosage regimens.
      The clinical application of current pharmacokinetic data for fentanyl is
      questionable.

PMID- 4051150
TI  - The potencies of edrophonium and neostigmine as antagonists of pancuronium.
AB  - Dose response curves were constructed for edrophonium and neostigmine when used
      to antagonise pancuronium, 0.07 mg/kg during thiopentone-nitrous oxide-halothane
      anaesthesia. The antagonist was given when 10% twitch height had been restored
      and the effect was measured 10 minutes later. Recoveries to 50% and 90% twitch
      height were achieved with 167 and 828 micrograms/kg of edrophonium, and 10.5 and
      51 micrograms/kg of neostigmine. The dose response curves were parallel and
      neostigmine was 16 times more potent than edrophonium. Combinations of equipotent
      doses of edrophonium and neostigmine were also administered and produced additive
      but not synergistic effects. It is concluded that either edrophonium or
      neostigmine may be used for the reversal of pancuronium neuromuscular blockade,
      but the combination of the two offers no advantage.

PMID- 4051152
TI  - Excision of giant haemangioma in the newborn using hypothermia and
      cardiopulmonary bypass.

PMID- 4051151
TI  - Biochemical changes following suxamethonium. Serum myoglobin, potassium and
      creatinine kinase changes before commencement of surgery.
AB  - Forty patients were investigated for serum myoglobin changes following induction
      of anaesthesia but before the commencement of surgery. Blood was drawn for
      potassium, creatinine kinase and serum myoglobin immediately prior to and 5, 10
      and 20 minutes after administration of thiopentone 4 mg/kg and suxamethonium 1.2
      mg/kg. Twenty patients were given either 2 mg alcuronium or 20 mg gallamine as
      pretreatment 2 to 3 minutes before the suxamethonium to reduce the
      fasciculations. Anaesthesia was maintained with artificial ventilation and
      alcuronium, or spontaneous ventilation with halothane. Serum myoglobin was
      assayed by radioimmunoassay. All pre-induction myoglobin levels were within the
      normal range. Of the 20 patients who were not pretreated, six showed a marked
      rise of serum myoglobin within 5 minutes, increasing to 150-200 micrograms/litre
      at 20 minutes. The remaining 14 patients had no such rise. No patients in the
      pretreatment group had any significant rise in serum myoglobin, suggesting that
      although the fasciculations were not completely abolished, there was protection
      against one of the effects of suxamethonium on the muscle. Although there was no
      clear relationship between intensity of fasciculations and increase in serum
      myoglobin, there was no marked rise in serum myoglobin values in any patient who
      did not have muscle fasciculations. There were no consistent changes in potassium
      or creatinine kinase in any group during the period of study.

PMID- 4051153
TI  - Postoperative apnoea and latent myasthenia gravis. Value of acetylcholine
      receptor antibody estimation in the differential diagnosis.
AB  - We report a case of alcuronium induced postoperative apnoea due to latent
      myasthenia gravis in a patient with no other clinical manifestations of the
      disease at presentation. Acetylcholine receptor antibody estimation was used to
      confirm the diagnosis.

PMID- 4051154
TI  - Resistance of tracheal tubes 3.0 and 3.5 mm internal diameter. A comparison of
      four commonly used types.
AB  - The resistance of RAE, Rusch, Mallinckrodt paediatric and Portex plain nasal and
      oral tracheal tubes with internal diameters 3.0 mm and 3.5 mm was calculated at
      air flows of 1 to 10 litres per minute. The flow resistance profiles of RAE and
      Rusch tracheal tubes was generally higher than those of Mallinckrodt paediatric
      and Portex plain tubes. All RAE and Rusch nasotracheal tubes of size 3.0 mm
      internal diameter and orotracheal tubes 3.0 mm internal diameter had a flow
      resistance exceeding 3.0 kPa litres/second at an air flow of 4 litres/minute. It
      is concluded that these tracheal tubes ought only to be used with assisted or
      controlled ventilation.

PMID- 4051155
TI  - Maternal mortality and manpower. Comparisons in relation to anaesthetists,
      obstetricians, and paediatricians in England and Wales and in Japan.
AB  - In 1982 maternal mortality in England and Wales was given seven per 100 000
      compared to 18 per 100 000 total births in Japan. This represented 160 more
      deaths in Japan. Perinatal mortality rates were similar in England and Wales and
      Japan, being 11.3 and 10.1 per 1000 respectively. The prevalence of obstetricians
      and paediatricians per 100 000 total births are approximately similar in England
      and Wales and in Japan, whereas the rates for anaesthetists are five times less
      in Japan. In England and Wales, 13% of maternal deaths were related to
      anaesthetic misadventures, but the Japanese incidence is not known. However, more
      than 50% of anaesthetics for Caesarean sections in district hospitals in Japan
      are administered by obstetricians. A pilot study in Japan would be necessary to
      determine the precise role of anaesthetic provision on maternal mortality.
      Maternal mortality may prove a useful indicator of anaesthetic service
      deficiency.

PMID- 4051156
TI  - Intravenous regional anaesthesia with ketamine.
AB  - Ketamine, 40 ml 0.5% solution, was used in the technique of intravenous regional
      anaesthesia in 14 patients undergoing upper limb surgery. Satisfactory analgesia
      was obtained in 12 of the patients. The method is limited by the fact that all
      patients became unconscious within a few minutes of tourniquet release, and that
      this could not be prevented by naloxone.

PMID- 4051157
TI  - Oral dantrolene prevents rise of myoglobin due to suxamethonium.
AB  - Forty patients were studied in a randomised trial to investigate the effect of
      pre-operative oral dantrolene on the increase of serum myoglobin and creatinine
      kinase due to suxamethonium administration. Twenty patients in the treatment
      group were given 1.5 mg/kg dantrolene orally 4 hours pre-operatively. Blood was
      drawn immediately pre-induction and 5, 10 and 20 minutes after suxamethonium 1.2
      mg/kg administration, following which surgery could commence. Myoglobin was
      measured by radioimmunoassay. The increase in mean myoglobin values was greatly
      reduced following suxamethonium in the treatment group (10.6 micrograms/litre at
      20 minutes) compared to the control group (54.8 micrograms/litre at 20 minutes),
      (p less than 0.01). Total fasciculation score was not significantly reduced by
      the dantrolene pretreatment. No increase in creatinine kinase values occurred in
      any patient and the changes in mean potassium values in both groups were
      negligible. The only side effect attributed to dantrolene was pre-operative
      nausea in two patients. No interference with the action of suxamethonium, or
      difficulty with reversal was noticed. Oral dantrolene may be almost as effective
      as pretreatment with non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking drugs in preventing
      suxamethonium-induced increase in myoglobin with less interaction with other
      anaesthetic agents.

PMID- 4051158
TI  - Selectatec switch malfunction.

PMID- 4051159
TI  - Paraplegia from accidental injection of potassium solution.

PMID- 4051160
TI  - Buprenorphine in end stage renal failure.

PMID- 4051162
TI  - Oesophageal misplacement of a tracheal tube.

PMID- 4051161
TI  - Obstetric anaesthesia, analgesia and low Apgar score.

PMID- 4051163
TI  - Fogarty catheters and foreign bodies.

PMID- 4051164
TI  - Pain on injection with droperidol.

PMID- 4051165
TI  - Career progress of women in anaesthesia.

PMID- 4051166
TI  - [The behavior of plasma histamine levels following peridural morphine
      administration].
AB  - One of the frequently reported side effects following epidural morphine
      administration in clinical trials is a generalized pruritus of several hours
      duration. Since histamine can elicit pruritus we investigated the plasma
      histamine levels following epidurally applied morphine (0.05 mg/kg) in 10
      urological patients. Plasma histamine levels were determined as an indicator of
      histamine release. Indeed, in 2 of 10 patients plasma histamine concentrations
      rose to 2 ng/ml. 5 of 6 criteria for establishing histamine release were
      fulfilled in both cases. Minor clinical symptoms appeared only in one patient
      (one single wheal of 1 cm diameter, metallic taste), but no symptoms at all in
      the other. Considering the low dose of the analgesic and the relatively high
      incidence of histamine release (2/10) the result of this prospective study seems
      worth to be emphasisized and followed-up in further studies. Pruritus did not
      occur in any of the patients, the role of histamine in its pathogenesis is now
      becoming more doubtful.

PMID- 4051167
TI  - [Anesthesiologic problems in unsuspected extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma].
AB  - Although surgical mortality associated with pheochromocytoma has been markedly
      reduced in recent years, due to improvements in medical and anesthesiologic
      management, surgery in patients with unsuspected pheochromocytoma is still
      accompanied by a high fatality rate. A 20-year-old man without history of
      hypertension and previously in good health is reported who presented for
      exploratory thoracotomy and removal of a highly vascular mediastinal tumor.
      Intraoperatively a pheochromocytoma was suspected. Problems associated with
      establishing the diagnosis as well as difficulties in treating rapid changes of
      sympathetic adrenergic activation and hypotension following tumor resection are
      discussed. Despite the comparative rarety of pheochromocytoma the
      anaesthesiologist should be aware of unusual clinical manifestations.

PMID- 4051168
TI  - [Transient low frequency hearing loss and facial paralysis following spinal
      anesthesia. A case report].
AB  - Facial paresis and low frequency hearing loss was observed 16 days after spinal
      anaesthesia in a 22 years old male patient. Both disturbances disappeared within
      a short time of bed rest as the only therapy. The hearing loss showed the typical
      picture which we have observed in the last few years as a complication of spinal
      anaesthesia. The facial paresis which appeared at the same time could well be
      caused by low of cerebrospinal fluid pressure due to leakage via the puncture
      hole.

PMID- 4051169
TI  - Acute enteric sepsis: bacteriology and antibiotic cover.
AB  - Most cases of enteric sepsis are caused by both aerobic and anaerobic organisms
      which form the normal flora of the mouth and lower gastrointestinal tract. This
      flora is extremely variable and subject to change due to disease and
      antimicrobial treatment. Bacteriological investigation of patients with severe
      enteric sepsis is important and should be undertaken before antibiotic treatment
      is commenced. The choice of antibiotics depends on the nature of the infection
      and its location. Initially they should be given in maximum dosage. If
      polymicrobial infection is suspected both aerobes and anaerobes should be covered
      to prevent bacteraemic shock and abscess formation. If abscesses have formed or
      the patient fails to respond to appropriate antibiotics, surgical exploration and
      drainage remain the treatment of choice. Antibiotics often fail to eradicate
      organisms from established abscesses and are responsible for some serious
      complications.

PMID- 4051170
TI  - Abdominal trauma: pre-operative assessment and postoperative problems in
      intensive care.
AB  - Although penetrating abdominal trauma is on the increase in Australia, blunt
      trauma continues to account for the majority of cases and usually presents a more
      challenging problem than the former. Diagnosis has been greatly facilitated by
      the widespread use of peritoneal lavage and computerised tomography. Conservative
      management of solid organ ruptures, especially of the spleen, is being
      increasingly utilised in selected cases. If haemorrhage continues following
      initial resuscitation, urgent laparotomy is required. Heroic attempts at
      achieving normo-volaemia in the presence of major haemorrhage must not be allowed
      to delay laparotomy. Postoperative problems such as intra-abdominal sepsis or
      visceral infarction usually have few if any localising features; more typically
      multiple organ failure insidiously develops. When no clear extra-abdominal cause
      exists, laparotomy must not be delayed.

PMID- 4051171
TI  - Fulminant hepatic failure.
AB  - Fulminant hepatic failure is an uncommon but dramatic illness with a high
      mortality. Viral hepatitis or drug toxicity is the usual cause. In the severe
      forms of the illness the patients, often young and previously healthy, rapidly
      become profoundly unwell due to extensive hepatic necrosis. Coma is accompanied
      by a disastrous disturbance of all the synthetic, metabolic and excretory
      functions of the liver. Management is largely supportive and multisystem
      complications may demand all the resources of the intensive care unit to allow
      survival. Systems for temporary hepatic support have aroused interest, based on
      the assumption that the hepatic lesion is potentially reversible. A number of
      heroic techniques have been tried and abandoned. Encouraging reports of charcoal
      column haemoperfusion have yet to be confirmed by controlled clinical trial.

PMID- 4051172
TI  - Temperature maintenance in infants undergoing anaesthesia and surgery.
AB  - A study has been conducted on infants under six months of age during induction
      and anaesthesia to compare the effect on heat loss when a warming blanket, a
      humidifier and an overhead heater were used. The combination of all three was
      associated with significantly less heat loss than when the blanket was used
      alone. The particular benefit of the overhead heater during prolonged preparation
      for neurosurgery was also demonstrated. It is recommended that overhead heaters
      should be used during induction of anaesthesia in infants.

PMID- 4051173
TI  - Perioperative management of neonatal aortic isthmic coarctation.
AB  - Aortic isthmic coarctation is a common cardiovascular cause of neonatal
      mortality. This study reviews retrospectively sixty-one consecutive neonates
      operated on for this condition at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, in
      the years 1978-1983 inclusive. In this series, the overall mortality has fallen
      from 50% and 67% in 1978 and 1979 respectively, to 11% in 1983. In the last three
      years of this review, there have been no early hospital deaths and the late
      deaths relate to associated congenital anomalies. The decrease in mortality is
      ascribed to methods of perioperative support, non-invasive cardiac investigation,
      and surgical repair with subclavian aortoplasty. Prior to surgery, all infants
      are paralysed, mechanically ventilated and infused with prostaglandin E1 to
      reopen the ductus arteriosus, and dopamine to support the failing myocardium. The
      physical status of all infants improved with these maneuvres. This paper reviews
      the pathophysiology of neonatal aortic coarctation, the current modes of
      management, results and complications.

PMID- 4051174
TI  - Safe intubation in cervical spine injury.
AB  - Traumatic spinal injury is an ongoing community problem. Anatomical stability of
      the cervical spine depends on the integrity of the bony and ligamentous
      structures forming the cervical spine. Such stabilising structures are divided
      into two groups. These are designated anterior and posterior columns. One or both
      columns may be damaged during traumatic spinal injury. Not all spinal injuries
      are unstable. Instability may be predicted by viewing anterior-posterior and
      lateral X-rays of the cervical spine. C1 and C2 injury necessitates special
      through-mouth views. Instability of the neck requires a different intubation
      technique. A safe intubation technique is described, the essence of which is to
      stabilise the neck with longitudinal traction and avoid extension at the fracture
      site.

PMID- 4051175
TI  - Anaesthesia in an Australian private hospital: the consumer's view.
AB  - A survey of the patients' view of anaesthesia was carried out in a medium-sized
      metropolitan private hospital. The study was performed using a postoperative
      questionnaire. A two-week period was investigated, and data was obtained from 121
      of 124 patients anaesthetised during that period. The results showed a very high
      degree of satisfaction with the anaesthetic services provided, although specific
      questioning revealed many minor complaints. The results are compared with
      previous studies done in public hospitals and show that from the patients'
      perspective, there were fewer complaints than have been noted in the other
      studies.

PMID- 4051176
TI  - Use of disposable condenser humidifiers in children.

PMID- 4051178
TI  - Drug syringe labels.

PMID- 4051177
TI  - Enflurane key filling system.

PMID- 4051180
TI  - Resusciaide.

PMID- 4051179
TI  - Ethical considerations in clinical trials.

PMID- 4051181
TI  - MTM emergency lung ventilator.

PMID- 4051182
TI  - Fractured airways.

PMID- 4051183
TI  - Head and neck swelling after tonsillectomy.

PMID- 4051184
TI  - Mouth-valve-mask ventilation.

PMID- 4051185
TI  - Affinity chromatography.

PMID- 4051186
TI  - Quantitation of antitumor agent acivicin in plasma by gas chromatography/mass
      spectrometry.

PMID- 4051187
TI  - Simultaneous determination of pyridoxal and pyridoxal 5-phosphate in human serum
      by flow injection analysis.

PMID- 4051188
TI  - Characterization of a bovine serum reference material for major, minor, and trace
      elements.

PMID- 4051189
TI  - Statistical moment theory in chemical kinetics.

PMID- 4051190
TI  - Degeneration patterns of postganglionic fibers following sympathectomy.
AB  - In cats the time course of degeneration following lumbal sympathectomy was
      studied in the ramus communicans griseus (rcg) and in the nerves to the triceps
      surae muscle using light and electron microscopic methods. The left lumbar
      sympathetic trunk including its rami communicantes was removed from L2 to S1
      using a lateral approach. The animals were sacrificed between 2 and 48 days after
      the sympathectomy. Tissue samples were taken (a) one cm proximal to the entrance
      of the rcg into the spinal nerve, and (b) one cm proximal to the entrance of the
      nerve into the muscle belly. In the rcg signs of degeneration can already be
      recognized in the myelinated as well as in the unmyelinated axons 48 h after
      sympathectomy. The degenerative processes in the axons reach their peak activity
      at about 4 days p.o. They end a week later. Signs of the reactions of the Schwann
      cells and of the endoneural cells can first be seen 2 days p.o. They are most
      pronounced around the 8th day p.o., and last at least up to the third week.
      Thereafter the cicatrization processes settled to a rather steady state (total
      observation period 7 weeks). In the muscle nerves the first signs of an axonal
      degeneration of the sympathetic fibers can be recognized 4 days after surgery.
      The signs of axonal degeneration are most striking about 8 days p.o. They have
      more or less disappeared another week later. The reactions of the Schwann cells
      also start on the fourth day but outlast the degenerative processes by some 8
      days. Thus the degenerative and reactive processes in the rcg precede those in
      the muscle nerves by 2 days early after surgery and by 6 days 3 weeks later.
      Seven weeks after surgery, fragments of folded basement lamella and Remak bundles
      with condensed cytoplasm and numerous flat processes are persisting signs of the
      degeneration. In addition to the differences in time course between the proximal
      and the distal site of observation, it was also noted that both the axonal
      degeneration and the reactions of the Schwann cells are more pronounced in the
      rcg than in the muscle nerve. For example there was abundant mitotic activity in
      the central endoneural and Schwann cells whereas we could not detect such
      activity in the periphery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4051191
TI  - Sensory innervation of the Achilles tendon by group III and IV afferent fibers.
AB  - In sympathectomized cats the innervation of the Achilles tendon by fine afferent
      nerve fibers was studied with semithin and ultrathin sections. Several different
      types of sensory endings of group III and group IV nerve fibers were identified.
      Of the five different types of endings in the group III range (T III endings),
      two are located within vessel walls. One of them ends in the circumference of the
      venous vessels (T III/VV). Its lanceolate terminals have characteristic receptor
      areas at their edges. The second type ends in the adventitia of lymphatic vessels
      (T III/LV). Its receptive areas are scattered along their terminal course. Two
      further group III endings ramify within the connective tissue compartments of the
      vessel-nerve-fascicles of the peritenonium externum and internum. One type is
      tightly surrounded by collagen fibrils (T III/PTic); the other terminates between
      the collagen fiber bundles (T III/PTgc). The latter arrangement recalls the
      ultrastructural relation between nerve terminals and collagen tissue in Golgi
      tendon organs. The fifth type innervates the endoneural connective tissue of
      small nerve fiber bundles (T III/EN). At least some of them come into close
      contact with bundles of collagen fibers which penetrate the perineural sheath to
      terminate within the endoneurium. The endings of group IV afferents (T IV
      endings) show a striking topographic relationship to the blood and lymphatic
      vessels of all connective tissue compartments of the Achilles tendon. They form
      penicillate endings which may contain granulated vesicles. In any event, they can
      easily be discriminated from the T III endings in the vessel walls. In close
      neighborhood to Remak bundles, a cell has been regularly found which fulfilled
      all ultrastructural criteria for mast cells. But this cell is not a mast cell
      proper because it is surrounded by a basal lamina (pseudo mast cell).

PMID- 4051192
TI  - The first appearance of the neural tube and optic primordium in the human embryo
      at stage 10.
AB  - Thirteen embryos of stage 10 (22 days) were studied in detail and graphic
      reconstructions of most of them were prepared. The characteristic feature of this
      stage is 4-12 pairs of somites. Constantly present are the prechordal and
      notochordal plates (the notochord sensu stricto is not yet apparent), the
      neurenteric canal or at least its site, the thyroid primordium, probably the
      mesencephalic and rhombencephalic neural crest and the adenohypophysial
      primordium. During this stage, the following features appear: terminal notch,
      optic sulcus, initial formation of neural tube, oropharyngeal membrane, pulmonary
      primordium, cardiac loop, aortic arches 1-3, intersegmental arteries, and
      laryngotracheal groove. The primitive streak is still an important feature.
      Graphic reconstructions have permitted the detection of the telencephalic portion
      of the forebrain, for the first time at such an early stage. It is proposed that
      the remainder of the forebrain comprises two subdivisions: D1, which becomes
      largely the optic primordium during stage 10, and D2, which is the future
      thalamic region. The optic sulcus is found in D1 but does not extent into D2, as
      has been claimed in the literature. An indication of invagination of the otic
      disc appears towards the end of the stage. As compared with the previous stage,
      the prosencephalon has increased in length, the mesencephalon has remained the
      same, the rhombencephalon has decreased, and the spinal part of the neural plate
      has increased fivefold in length. The site of the initial closure of the neural
      groove is rhombencephalic, upper cervical, or both. The neural plate extends
      caudally beyond the site of the neurenteric canal. Cytoplasmic inclusions
      believed to indicate locations of great activity were always detected in the
      forebrain (especially in the optic primordium), and also in the rhombencephalon,
      spinal part, and mesencephalon.

PMID- 4051193
TI  - Disturbance of plasmalemmal astrocytic assemblies in focal and selective cerebral
      ischemia.
AB  - Selective cerebral ischemia was induced in the caudate nucleus of seven
      normothermic anesthetized cats through transorbital clamping of the anterolateral
      penetrating lenticulostriated arteries. The plasmalemma of astrocytic foot
      processes has been studied with the freeze-fracture technique and conventional
      electron microscopy 10, 15 and 30 min after ischemia. After 15 min of circulatory
      arrest, assemblies of intramembrane particles (IMPs) disappear in some areas of
      astroglial perivascular plasmalemma in the ischemic caudate nucleus.
      Interastrocytic gap junctions do not change significantly. 30 min after ischemia,
      the pericapillary astroglial end foot is expanded and organelles are greatly
      perturbed (cytotoxic edema). Although the function of astrocytic intramembrane
      particle assemblies is unclear, it is postulated that the disappearance of this
      membrane specialization may play a role in the pathophysiology of cytotoxic
      astroglial edema.

PMID- 4051194
TI  - The localization of axon branchings in two muscle nerves of the rat. A
      contribution to motor unit topography.
AB  - The distribution of fiber branching in the proximal intramuscular motor nerves of
      the gracilis and gastrocnemius muscles of the rat was studied in whole-mount
      preparations of teased nerves. Branchings of nerve fibers were clustered at
      fascicular divisions. Such concurrence of fascicular and fiber branchings
      determines the dispersion of the single muscle fibers belonging to a motor unit.
      The distribution of fiber branching reveals the wiring pattern of muscle fibers.
      These patterns differed for the gracilis and gastrocnemius muscles in
      correspondence with their functional organization.

PMID- 4051195
TI  - On the development of the pyramidal tract in the rat. I. The morphology of the
      growth zone.
AB  - An electron microscopic study has been made of the tip of the growing pyramidal
      tract in the rat. This part of the developing bundle, designated as the growth
      zone, has been examined at the levels of the medulla oblongata and the third
      spinal segment at embryonic day 20 and on the day of birth, respectively. The tip
      of the pyramidal tract contains, apart from axons, numerous larger profiles. An
      analysis of serial sections revealed that these represent either growth cones or
      preterminal periodic varicosities. In the growth cones of the corticospinal axons
      three zones can be distinguished: a proximal "tubular", an intermediate
      "vesicular-reticular" and a distal "fine-granular" zone. As distinct from the
      classical descriptions the corticospinal growth cones end in a single or, less
      frequently, in two more or less parallel filopodia. None of the growth cones
      analyzed in this study showed multiple filopodia radiating from the terminal
      expansion as observed at the end of growing axons in tissue cultures and in
      developing spinal fibre tracts of nonmammalian vertebrates. As regards the
      varicosities, most of these structures are characterized by a light cytoplasmic
      density. Others, however, contain a denser cytoplasm, closely resembling that of
      the vesiculo-reticular part of growth cones.

PMID- 4051196
TI  - An ultrastructural study on the presence of various types of crystals in the
      infertile human testis.
AB  - Testicular biopsies obtained from 23 infertile outpatients, found to be normal
      except for oligospermia, were investigated using a Zeiss electron microscope.
      Ultrastructural changes in the Sertoli cells were encountered frequently, whilst
      most of the spermatogenic cells were degenerative. Sertoli cells exhibited
      abundant microfilaments which were seen to form small clusters leading to the
      formation of Charcot-Bottcher crystals, whilst the Leydig cells of the same
      specimens revealed the presence of small microtubular arrays and numerous small
      sized crystals. Fusion of small sized crystals resulted in the formation of
      typical Reinke crystals in the Leydig cells. Crystalloid structures similar to
      those seen in the Sertoli cells were also observed in the cytoplasm of type-A
      spermatogonia and in a number of multinucleated cells with cytoplasmic
      characteristics of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. Similar crystallization
      processes in both Sertoli and Leydig cells imply a close relationship between
      crystallization processes and impairment of spermatogenesis.

PMID- 4051197
TI  - The conducting tissue in the adult chicken atria. A histological and
      immunohistochemical analysis.
AB  - A three-dimensional reconstruction from serial sections of adult chicken heart
      was made to verify whether Purkinje cells, that can be recognized by a number of
      well-known histological criteria, form specialized tracts in the adult chicken
      atria. This reconstruction revealed a loosely arranged network of Purkinje cells
      connecting the two atria. This network has not been described before. No tracts
      could be detected between the sinoatrial and the atrioventricular nodes. These
      atrial Purkinje cells express the atrial and ventricular myosin isoform, as
      determined by the use of monoclonal antibodies that were prepared against atrial
      and ventricular myosin isoform, respectively. Some atrial myocytes that are
      topographically closely related to the Purkinje cells and that cannot be
      distinguished from the surrounding myocytes with conventional histological
      criteria, express, apart from the atrial myosin isoform, also the ventricular
      myosin isoform. The similar expression pattern of these two cell types and their
      close topographical relationship suggest the presence of a more elaborate system
      specialized in conduction than the well-known conductive system found with
      conventional histological techniques.

PMID- 4051198
TI  - Two plasminogen activators, streptokinase and urokinase, stimulate human sperm
      motility.
AB  - The stimulatory effects of two plasminogen activators, namely streptokinase and
      urokinase, were measured with a trans-membrane migration method. Both drugs
      induced maximal motility increase at a concentration of 200 international
      unit/ml; the amplitude of maximal motility increase ranged from 17% to 19% of
      control. Although their stimulatory effects were much less than those of calcium
      regulating agents, the clinical application of these two drugs for improving the
      successful rate of artificial insemination deserves further investigation because
      the action site is seminal plasma rather than sperm.

PMID- 4051199
TI  - Evidence for blood myo-inositol as a source of the epididymal secretion in the
      perfused cauda epididymidis of the rat.
AB  - The movement of radioactive inositol and glucose across the epididymal epithelium
      have been studied by perfusion of fluid, which has the major electrolyte
      compositions resemble those in the native epididymal fluid, through the lumen of
      a sperm free tubule of the distal cauda epididymidis of intact and nephrectomized
      rats. During intravenous infusion of (3H)-myo-inositol into the intact rats,
      labelled myo-inositol and its metabolites entered the lumen. However, only
      labelled inositol was found in the luminal perfusate when radioactive inositol
      was infused into the nephrectomized rat. On the other hand, after infusion of
      (14C)-glucose no trace of labelled inositol appeared in the lumen. Instead, the
      luminal radioactivity could be accounted for by labelled glucose. The results
      indicate that the myo-inositol present in the luminal fluid of the rat cauda
      epididymidis originates, in part, from blood inositol and, in part, from blood
      glucose.

PMID- 4051200
TI  - Biological action of estrogen on the epididymis of prepubertal rhesus monkey.
AB  - An estrogen binding protein has been demonstrated in the cytosol of the
      epididymis and caudal lobe of prostate of immature rhesus monkey. Scatchard plot
      analyses were linear, suggesting a single class of high affinity binding sites
      for the synthetic estrogen, R-2858 (Moxestrol) with a Kd of 5.88 X 10(-10) mol/l
      and a concentration of binding sites of 17.0 +/- 4.4 fmol/mg cytosol protein in
      the epididymis. In the prostate, the concentration of binding sites was 19.7 +/-
      3.6 fmol/mg cytosol protein with a Kd of 5.42 X 10(-10) mol/l. In immature
      castrated monkeys, administration of estradiol dipropionate caused a significant
      increase in the weight, total protein and sialic acid content of the epididymis.
      This biological action of estrogen on the epididymis is presumably mediated via
      estrogen receptor.

PMID- 4051201
TI  - Serum progesterone patterns in male subfertility.
AB  - Serum progesterone was evaluated in 455 men attending the infertility clinic,
      Department for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Graz, Austria. The
      progesterone values of azoospermic, oligozoospermic, teratozoospermic and
      asthenozoospermic patients were compared to a group of normozoospermic men. No
      significant differences were found between normozoospermic men and patients with
      impaired semen quality, in subgroups of oligozoospermia and between obstructive
      azoospermia and azoospermica due to primary testicular failure.

PMID- 4051202
TI  - High-frequency oscillatory ventilation and pulmonary extravascular water.
AB  - The lungs of anesthetized rabbits were embolized by intravenous injection of 75
      mg/kg of starch particles in divided doses. One group received high-frequency
      oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) at a rate of 15 Hz. Both groups were ventilated
      with an FIO2 of 1.0. After 3 hr of ventilation, the animals were sacrificed, and
      the extravascular lung water (EVLW) was determined gravimetrically. With
      conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV), the EVLW/body weight ratio was 4.1 +/-
      1.4 g/kg (mean +/- SD) and was significantly higher than the ratio of 2.8 +/- 0.6
      in animals given HFOV (P less than 0.05). In a second series of animals, 20 muCi
      of 125I-labeled bovine albumin was injected intravenously prior to embolization
      and followed by the same two types of ventilation. After the rabbits were
      sacrificed, the lungs were lavaged with 0.9 N saline, and the radioactivity of
      the fluid was measured to determine the protein leak. After CMV, 2.76 +/- 2.05%
      of the injected radioactivity was recovered from the fluid, significantly higher
      (P less than 0.01) than the amount of radioactivity recovered after HFOV, 0.3 +/-
      0.28%. There also was significantly more labeled protein in the lung tissue that
      had been on CMV. We conclude that in this model of pulmonary edema, HFOV
      significantly reduces both the amount of fluid and protein leaking into the lung.

PMID- 4051203
TI  - Effects of fentanyl and diazepam in dogs deprived of autonomic tone.
AB  - In contrast to reports of the untoward hemodynamic effects of fentanyl and
      diazepam in intact organisms, we found that neither a bolus of 100 micrograms/kg
      fentanyl nor the addition of intravenous doses of diazepam, up to and including 1
      mg/kg (cumulative dose 2 mg/kg) caused cardiovascular depression in 13
      anesthetized dogs after elimination of their sympathetic and parasympathetic
      tone. There were no significant changes in mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac
      output, heart rate, peak left ventricular dP/dt, cardiac filling pressures, or
      systemic vascular resistance. Rapid bolus injection of 3 mg/kg diazepam
      (cumulative dose 5 mg/kg) caused a significant (P less than 0.05) but transient
      (time to 50% recovery less than 2 min) decrease in systemic vascular resistance,
      blood pressure, and dP/dt. When corrected for pressure changed (dP/dt divided by
      simultaneous left ventricular pressure), the decrease in dP/dt did not attain
      statistical significance, nor did changes in cardiac output or filling pressures,
      even after this large dose of diazepam. We conclude that previously reported
      decreases in hemodynamic function in subjects with intact autonomic function
      after fentanyl alone, or after the combination of fentanyl and diazepam, are
      indirect in nature, that is, are caused by a centrally mediated decrease in
      vasoregulatory (mainly sympathetic) outflow from the central nervous system.

PMID- 4051204
TI  - Electrophysiologic effects of enflurane and halothane on isolated rabbit hearts
      in the presence and absence of metabolic acidosis.
AB  - Electrophysiologic effects of halothane and enflurane in the presence of a normal
      pH and during metabolic acidosis were examined in isolated rabbit hearts perfused
      at a constant rate. During exposure to a normal pH, both halothane and enflurane
      produced concentration-dependent suppression of sinus node automaticity and
      atrioventricular conduction. Intraatrial and intraventricular conduction times
      during constant pacing were slightly but significantly prolonged by these
      anesthetics at 2 MAC. The magnitudes of these electrophysiologic changes were
      similar with halothane and enflurane when compared at the same MAC. These
      electrophysiologic effects became more marked during metabolic acidosis (pH 6.9).
      These results suggest that enflurane and halothane have direct depressant actions
      on the cardiac conduction system and that these electrophysiologic effects may be
      augmented by metabolic acidosis.

PMID- 4051205
TI  - Effects of glycine on hemodynamic responses and visual evoked potentials in the
      dog.
AB  - To study the potential contribution of glycine toxicity in the transurethral
      resection syndrome, we evaluated hemodynamic and visual evoked potential
      responses to glycine infusion (1 g/kg) in 22 dogs anesthetized with halothane
      (1.0-1.2% end tidal. Three dogs received 5% glucose in normal saline without
      glycine; three received arginine (4 mg/kg) in normal saline without glycine;
      three received arginine (4 mg/kg) in normal saline without glycine; 10 received
      glycine (1 g/kg), then arginine (4 mg/kg) 120 min after the completion of glycine
      infusion; and six received arginine 30 min after the completion of glycine
      infusion. Arginine was infused to evaluate potential antagonistic effects of
      glycine toxicity. Blood levels of glycine, ammonia, arginine, urea, and formate
      were determined after infusions of glycine or arginine. All animals received
      about 5 ml X kg-1 X hr-1 of normal saline during the 2-4 hr of study. Immediately
      after glycine infusion, cardiac output increased 57%, whereas systemic vascular
      resistance and mean arterial pressure decreased 32% and 8%, respectively. Later
      cardiac output and mean arterial pressure were 41% and 18% less than control
      levels, whereas systemic vascular resistance returned to control levels. Both
      amplitude and latency of visual evoked potential waveforms were altered in the
      animals receiving glycine infusion but not in the control animals. These
      responses were associated with elevations of blood glycine (149 +/- 5 to 9591 +/-
      809 microM/L, mean + SEM) and blood NH3 (10.5 +/- 2.8 to 100.0 +/- 13.6
      microM/L), but not with formate levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4051206
TI  - Bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity in hypoxic and acidotic sheep.
AB  - Awake, unanesthetized, and paralyzed sheep made hypoxic and acidotic were given
      equivalent low and high intravenous doses of lidocaine and bupivacaine over 10
      sec. Within 30 sec of injections, all animals had electroencephalographic
      evidence of convulsions. After administration of low-dose lidocaine, arrhythmias
      associated with significant hemodynamic changes did not occur; after
      administration of high-dose lidocaine, half of the animals became hypotensive but
      had no arrhythmias other than sinus tachycardia. However, after administration of
      low-dose bupivacaine, all sheep had evidence of serious electrocardiographic
      changes or arrhythmias, and one animal died. After administration of high-dose
      bupivacaine, serious electrocardiographic changes occurred in all animals, and
      despite resuscitative efforts, all died. The most common abnormality after
      bupivacaine administration was a wide-QRS-complex bradycardia, occurring in most
      animals regardless of dose. Two-thirds of the animals given high-dose bupivacaine
      had electromechanical dissociation and subsequent refractory asystole. Although
      the mechanism of action is not known, bupivacaine appears to be more cardiotoxic
      than lidocaine. This toxicity is enhanced in animals by the presence of
      hypercarbia, acidosis, and hypoxia.

PMID- 4051207
TI  - Age and the solubility of volatile anesthetics in ovine tissues.
AB  - To determine the effect of age on the solubility of volatile anesthetics in
      tissues, we measured the blood/gas and tissue/gas partition coefficients of
      isoflurane, enflurane, halothane, and methoxyflurane in vitro at 37 degrees C in
      newborn lambs and postpartum adult sheep. The tissue specimens examined were
      brain, heart, liver, kidney, muscle, and fat. Hematocrit and serum concentrations
      of albumin, globulin, cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured. The blood/gas
      partition coefficients, hematocrit, and the serum concentrations of albumin,
      globulin, cholesterol, and triglycerides in the newborn lambs did not differ from
      those in the adult sheep. The tissue/blood partition coefficients [the ratio of
      (tissue/gas)/(blood/gas)] in newborn lambs were 28% [mean value for the four
      anesthetics] less than those in the adults. The tissue/blood partition
      coefficients for enflurane and methoxyflurane in newborn tissues were
      significantly less (P less than 0.05) than those for halothane and isoflurane. We
      conclude that the blood/gas partition coefficients in sheep do not change
      significantly with age, and that the time required for equilibration of volatile
      anesthetics (particularly enflurane and methoxyflurane) in newborn tissues is
      probably less than in adult sheep.

PMID- 4051208
TI  - Continuous monitoring of arterial oxygen saturation with pulse oximetry during
      transfer to the recovery room.
AB  - The incidence of hypoxemia in the immediate postoperative period was determined
      using a pulse oximeter for continuous monitoring of arterial oxygen saturation
      (SaO2) in 95 ASA class I or II adult patients breathing room air during their
      transfer from the operating room to the recovery room. Hypoxemia was defined as
      90% SaO2 (arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) approximately equal to 58 mm
      Hg). Severe hypoxemia was defined as 85% SaO2 (PaO2 approximately equal to 50 mm
      Hg). Hypoxemia occurred in 33 (35%) patients; severe hypoxemia occurred in 11
      (12%). Postoperative hypoxemia did not correlate significantly with anesthetic
      agent, age, duration of anesthesia, or level of consciousness. There was a
      statistically significant correlation (P less than 0.05) between hypoxemia and
      obesity. All three patients with a history of mild asthma became severely
      hypoxemic even though none had perioperative evidence of obstructive disease,
      also a statistically significant (P less than 0.003) finding.

PMID- 4051209
TI  - Development of resistance to pancuronium in adult respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 4051210
TI  - Cardiac arrest in a child with an anterior mediastinal mass.

PMID- 4051211
TI  - Failure of naloxone to reverse the nitrous oxide-induced depression of a brain
      stem reflex: an electrophysiologic and double-blind study in humans.
AB  - The effects of 33% nitrous oxide on the two components of the blink reflex were
      studied on seven healthy volunteers. The blink responses were elicited by a
      supraorbital nerve stimulation and recorded from the ipsilateral orbicularis
      oculi muscle. The intensity of stimulation was chosen at two to three times the
      reflex threshold in order to obtain stable suprathreshold reflex responses as
      well as a tolerable pain sensation reported by the volunteers. Nitrous oxide
      administration resulted in a potent depression of the two components of the blink
      reflex. This depressive effect was more marked upon the late (R2) nociceptive
      component (83%) than upon the early (R1) component (41%). Simultaneously,
      subjects reported either a decrease in pain sensation or an indifference toward
      the painful stimulus. None of these effects were reversed by a double-blind
      intravenous naloxone (1.4 mg) injection. The analgesic effect of nitrous oxide is
      a nonspecific depressant action on the transmission of the nociceptive messages
      in central nervous structures, independent of pain-suppressive endogenous
      morphine-like systems.

PMID- 4051212
TI  - Myocardial hemodynamics during induced hypotension: a comparison between sodium
      nitroprusside and adenosine triphosphate.
AB  - Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been reported to be a hypotensive agent similar
      in effect to sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The purpose of this study was to examine
      and compare the effects of both SNP and ATP on general coronary hemodynamics,
      myocardial O2 consumption, and circulating catecholamines. Twelve dogs were
      anesthetized with 1.0% halothane and given either SNP or ATP by controlled
      infusion to reduce their systemic blood pressure by 50% for a 2-h period followed
      by a (blood pressure) recovery period. The ATP-induced hypotension was rapid,
      easily controlled, not accompanied by tachyphylaxis over the 120 min studied, and
      resulted in an increase in coronary sinus blood flow (CSBF), which plateaued at
      260% above control. The increase in CSBF was almost immediate and remained at
      this elevated level for the duration of the induced hypotension. During the ATP
      induced hypotension, there was no change in heart rate or circulating
      catecholamines. A 60% reduction in myocardial O2 uptake was observed, presumably
      from the cardiac unloading. In contrast, SNP-induced hypotension required a
      marked increase in dose over time, did not significantly increase CSBF, did
      increase heart rate, and resulted in large increases in circulating plasma
      catecholamines. Neither agent affected cardiac output. ATP-induced hypotension
      resulted in no change in cardiac lactic acid uptake, while SNP caused lactic acid
      production, indicating possible cardiac ischemia or cyanide toxicity.

PMID- 4051213
TI  - Unusual cause of weakness of the lower extremity following vaginal delivery under
      epidural analgesia: iliopsoas muscle strain.

PMID- 4051214
TI  - Isoflurane for neuroanesthesia: risk factors for increases in intracranial
      pressure.

PMID- 4051215
TI  - The slowing of sinus rhythm during thermodilution cardiac output determination
      and the effect of altering injectate temperature.

PMID- 4051216
TI  - Peripartum cardiomyopathy presenting at cesarean delivery.

PMID- 4051217
TI  - Anesthesia for cesarean section in patient with spondylometepiphyseal dysplasia.

PMID- 4051218
TI  - Evaluation of high-frequency jet ventilation in patients with bronchopleural
      fistulas by quantitation of the airleak.

PMID- 4051219
TI  - Assessing tidal volume and detecting hyperinflation during Venturi jet
      ventilation for microlaryngeal surgery.

PMID- 4051220
TI  - Postural stability after oral premedication with diazepam.

PMID- 4051221
TI  - Heart rate and blood pressure response to laryngoscopy: the influence of
      laryngoscopic technique.

PMID- 4051223
TI  - Correction of a recurrent error.

PMID- 4051222
TI  - Malposition of left-sided double-lumen endobronchial tubes.

PMID- 4051224
TI  - Ear wax and the otolaryngologist.

PMID- 4051225
TI  - Comparing direct and indirect arterial blood pressures.

PMID- 4051226
TI  - Translaryngeal guided intubation using a sheath stylet.

PMID- 4051227
TI  - Intraoperative coronary spasm in a young woman.

PMID- 4051228
TI  - More on mass spectrometers and aerosol propellants.

PMID- 4051229
TI  - Using a priming dose of relaxant is not new.

PMID- 4051230
TI  - Error in measurement of oxygen uptake due to anesthetic gases when using a mass
      spectrometer.

PMID- 4051231
TI  - Mass spectrometer monitoring of patients with regional anesthesia.

PMID- 4051232
TI  - [Clinical importance of compressed spectral analysis of EEG in pediatric
      anesthesiology].

PMID- 4051233
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of pulsating and nonpulsating hypothermic artificial
      circulation based on multichannel thermographic data].

PMID- 4051234
TI  - [Quantitative criteria of disorders in central hemodynamics and oxygen transport
      in traumatic shock].

PMID- 4051235
TI  - [Heart pumping and contractile functions during operations on the abdominal
      cavity under combined anesthesia based on ketamine drip infusion].

PMID- 4051236
TI  - [Pulmonary blood flow and heart function in middle-aged and elderly patients
      after abdominal operations].

PMID- 4051237
TI  - [Changes in the hemostatic status during operations on cancer patients depending
      on the volume of blood loss].

PMID- 4051238
TI  - [Quantitative assessment of the reaction of the circulatory system to a test
      volume load using a mathematical model].

PMID- 4051239
TI  - [Differential diagnosis and treatment of disorders of kidney excretory function
      and acute kidney failure in the post-resuscitation period in patients with
      massive blood loss and trauma].

PMID- 4051240
TI  - [Effect of crystalloid and colloid solutions on hemodynamics, gas exchange and
      oxygen transport in pancreatitis].

PMID- 4051241
TI  - [Sick sinus syndrome and its correction in anesthesiology].

PMID- 4051242
TI  - [Control over the adequacy of postoperative analgesia by the maximal expiratory
      flow-volume test].

PMID- 4051243
TI  - [Use of vitamin E as an erythrocyte membrane stabilizer in patients with cyanotic
      type congenital heart defect].

PMID- 4051244
TI  - [Hemosorption in treating liver failure patients].

PMID- 4051245
TI  - [Assisted fluorocarbon blood oxygenation].

PMID- 4051246
TI  - [Surgical detoxication methods in treating severe forms of organophosphate
      insecticide poisoning].

PMID- 4051247
TI  - [Prevention of air embolism during the puncture and catheterization of the
      subclavian vein].

PMID- 4051249
TI  - [Modification of a subclavian catheter for the prevention of complications].

PMID- 4051248
TI  - [A device preventing the seal failure of an infusion system].

PMID- 4051250
TI  - [Prolonged peridural anesthesia in the obstetrical and gynecological clinic].

PMID- 4051251
TI  - The assessment of cutaneous blood flow with transoxode probe.
AB  - An experimental study on 12 healthy individuals was conducted over a period of
      six months, using the transoxode probe to assess cutaneous blood flow via
      measurements of transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcpO2) and relative heat power
      input (R.H.P.). The possible clinical use of the probe in peripheral vascular
      ischaemia was re-evaluated. The results were controlled with those of venous
      occlusion plethysmography, being a reliable means of assessing peripheral blood
      flow. The study revealed that changes in TcpO2 did not correlate significantly
      with alterations in skin perfusion mainly due to the lack of probe sensitivity.
      The clinical implications of such methods are discussed.

PMID- 4051253
TI  - Budd-Chiari syndrome: some pathologic-anatomic aspects.
AB  - The obstruction of the outflow of blood from the hepatic veins is generally
      called the Budd-Chiari syndrome. In the present work the most important
      pathologic-anatomic findings concerning this rare disorder are discussed as are
      its possible causes.

PMID- 4051252
TI  - Digital pressure-flow relationships in subjects with Raynaud's phenomenon.
AB  - In order to determine whether subjects with Raynaud's phenomenon have altered
      digital hemodynamics in the warm basal condition, we characterized the digital
      pressure-flow relationships in seven subjects with Raynaud's phenomenon and
      compared the results with age and sex matched control subjects. Digital pressure
      flow relationships were measured by the use of a plethysmographic technique
      during passive elevation of the arm. Normal subjects demonstrated a positive
      finger systolic pressure at zero flow (48.3 mmHg), indicative of a critical
      closing pressure, however, the closing pressure was significantly higher in the
      subjects who had a history of Raynaud's phenomenon (64.7 mmHg, p less than .001).
      In contrast, there was no significant difference found in the conductance
      measured as the slope of the pressure-flow relationship. Subjects with Raynaud's
      phenomenon demonstrated a correlation between finger systolic pressure and
      critical closing pressure suggesting that these subjects may regulate arterial
      pressure through a critical closing pressure mechanism.

PMID- 4051254
TI  - A comparative study of conventional vs rapid speed of blood transfusion in cases
      of chronic severe anemia.
AB  - Pulmonary capillary 'wedge' pressure (PCWP) was studied in 20 cases of chronic
      severe anemia before and after transfusing one unit of blood. They were divided
      into 2 groups of 10 age and sex matched cases. Blood was transfused at a speed of
      2 ml/min in group A and 5 ml/min in group B. Pretransfusion PCWP was normal in
      all the cases. Following blood transfusion (BT) 'wedge' pressure increased
      significantly (p less than 0.001) in both the groups being 17.2% and 29.2% in
      group A and B respectively. The difference in the rise of PCWP between the two
      groups was not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05). All the cases
      tolerated BT very well. It is therefore, concluded that transfusion of one unit
      of blood at a speed of 5 ml/min is nearly as safe as when it is transfused at a
      rate of 2 ml/min (conventional speed) so far as the cardiopulmonary haemodynamics
      are concerned.

PMID- 4051255
TI  - Solitary hypoplasia of the right ventricle: a case report.
AB  - Hypoplasia of the right ventricle occurring as an isolated abnormality is an
      uncommon cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease. Its presentation in the
      newborn may mimic the ductus dependent and less stable right ventricular
      hypoplasias such as tricuspid atresia and pulmonary atresia. However, the natural
      history of this abnormality contrasts with those ductus dependent lesions by the
      rather benign course it presents. A patient with only marked reduction in right
      ventricular size and commensurate reduction in size of the tricuspid and
      pulmonary valves is described. Although cyanotic this child has shown none of the
      critical problems frequently encountered with the more severe forms of the right
      ventricular hypoplasias.

PMID- 4051256
TI  - Percutaneous transcatheter embolization of injuries to the profunda femoris
      artery: a case report.
AB  - Traumatic injury to the middle and distal thirds of the profunda femoris artery
      can be extremely difficult to surgically repair. The present article outlines an
      alternative form of treatment in which angiotherapeutic techniques of
      embolization are used in such an injury. A survey of the literature indicates
      that this may be the preferred method of therapy with lesions in this difficult
      area to surgically approach.

PMID- 4051257
TI  - Spontaneous major intra-abdominal arteriovenous fistulas: a report of several
      cases.
AB  - Most major intra-abdominal fistulas result from trauma or surgery. Spontaneous
      fistulas are rare with less than 100 reported cases since 1831. From a review of
      hospital records, five such spontaneous fistulas were identified among 215 cases
      of abdominal aortic aneurysm between 1975 and 1983. These cases are presented and
      supplemented by 73 similar cases collected from a literature review for
      discussion of the salient features of clinical presentation and management of
      spontaneous major fistulas. Major intra-abdominal arteriovenous fistulas usually
      present with a machinery bruit over a pulsatile mass, but may present more subtly
      with pain and otherwise unexplained hematuria. Because these fistulas lead to
      refractory heart failure, surgery should be expeditious. Closure should be
      performed from within the aneurysm with arterial and pulmonary artery pressure
      monitoring. Care must be taken to prevent pulmonary embolization.

PMID- 4051258
TI  - "What's in the beef?".

PMID- 4051259
TI  - Ataxia telangiectasia: immunologically mediated renal and hepatic failure.

PMID- 4051260
TI  - The incidence and clinical implications of hypersensitivity to papain in an
      allergic population, confirmed by blinded oral challenge.
AB  - Five hundred allergy clinic patients were prick skin tested with papain, 1 mg/mL,
      in addition to usual local aeroallergens. Five of 475 subjects with seasonal
      allergic disease had positive skin tests to both papain and local pollens. None
      of the 25 individuals with negative skin test to pollens had skin reactivity to
      papain. The five subjects with positive skin tests to papain underwent double
      blind placebo-papain challenges. All papain challenges were positive. Placebo
      challenges were negative. Papain-induced symptoms included palatal itching,
      watering itchy eyes, sneezing, rhinorrhea, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and
      diaphoresis. Circulating papain-specific IgE was detected in all the papain
      sensitive individuals, but not in control subjects. Confirmed papain sensitivity
      occurred in 1.05% of allergic subjects. In the papain-sensitive patients, cross
      reacting antibodies with chymopapain were found. The small number of non-allergic
      subjects did not show any papain or chymopapain sensitivity in vitro.

PMID- 4051261
TI  - Is your asthmatic patient really complying?

PMID- 4051262
TI  - Sustained release theophylline for the forgetful asthmatic.
AB  - Several theophylline pharmacologic strategies were tested for the forgetful
      medication-dependent asthmatic who frequently initiates treatment from below the
      therapeutic range of 10 to 20 micrograms/mL. Theodur was found to give comparable
      if not higher levels (two, eight, and 24 hours) starting from 0 microgram/mL than
      Slophyllin Gyrocap during a multiple dose 28-hour study. In a single dose 12-hour
      study, Theodur 100-mg tablets gave higher levels during the first nine hours than
      Theodur 200-mg tablets. Theodur 100-mg tablets may be preferred for the forgetful
      asthmatic who can sustain pulmonary function despite greater fluctuation with
      theophylline levels.

PMID- 4051263
TI  - Anti-Bermuda grass RAST binding is minimally inhibited by pollen extracts from
      ten other grasses.
AB  - This article addresses the question, Does sensitization with Bermuda grass pollen
      generate IgE antibodies that cross-react with other grasses? We found that none
      of ten non-Bermuda grass extracts attained 50% inhibition of RAST binding between
      sera from patients in Arizona and Bermuda-coupled disks whereas Giant Bermuda
      grass extract was completely cross-reactive with Common Bermuda grass.

PMID- 4051264
TI  - Anaphylactic response to hydrocortisone in childhood: a case report.
AB  - Anaphylactic reactions to hydrocortisone have been well described in adults, but
      have not been reported in children. We wish to report such a reaction in a 6-year
      old girl who had a positive intradermal reaction to methylprednisolone. Control
      subjects were non-reactive. Previous literature is briefly reviewed and
      discussed.

PMID- 4051265
TI  - Nonimmunologic activity of Dermatophagoides farinae extract.
AB  - Nine healthy and seven mite-sensitive allergic subjects were examined by skin
      sensitivity and IgE antibody to fractions from Dermatophagoides farinae,
      including high and low allergenic fraction to human. In the intracutaneous test,
      all healthy subjects reacted to 200 ng and in particular, five of them to 0.2 ng
      of Fr void on Sephadex G-100 filtration which was a low allergenic fraction.
      Furthermore, end points of intracutaneous test and specific IgE antibody titers
      did not correlate on Fr void. Conclusively, Dermatophagoides farinae extracts
      contain a nonimmunologically highly skin-reactive fraction.

PMID- 4051266
TI  - Skin tests for chymopapain allergy.
AB  - Skin prick tests with therapeutic chymopapain (CP) solution, 10 mg/mL, were
      administered prior to CP injection. Three of 232 (1%) of patients with negative
      skin tests and 5/6 (83%) of patients with positive skin tests reacted to the
      therapeutic injection of CP. A positive CP skin test is a contraindication to
      therapeutic CP injection.

PMID- 4051267
TI  - Cardiac arrest and resuscitation: brain iron delocalization during reperfusion.
AB  - We hypothesize that brain injury from cardiac arrest occurs during reperfusion
      and is in part mediated by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. We conducted a
      study to examine the time course of brain iron delocalization and lipid
      peroxidation in an animal model of cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Assays for
      brain tissue iron in low-molecular-weight species (LMWS iron) used the o
      phenanthroline test on an ultrafiltered (molecular weight less than 30,000)
      tissue sample; malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation, in brain
      tissue was assayed by the thiobarbituric acid test (TBA). Samples of the parietal
      cortex from 11 nonischemic control dogs (Group 1) had LMWS iron levels of 9.6 +/-
      4.9 nmol/100 mg tissue and MDA levels of 7.7 +/- 2.0 nmol/100 mg tissue. Samples
      from the parietal cortex taken from five dogs after 15 minutes of cardiac arrest
      (Group 2) had LMWS iron levels of 9.3 +/- 3.1 nmol/100 mg tissue and MDA levels
      of 6.1 +/- 1.0 nmol/100 mg tissue. Samples from the parietal cortex taken from
      five dogs after 45 minutes of cardiac arrest (Group 3) had LMWS iron levels of
      6.7 +/- 3.3 nmol/100 mg tissue and MDA levels of 5.6 +/- 0.4 nmol/100 mg tissue.
      There was no significant difference among the three groups for either LMWS iron
      or MDA. Five dogs were subjected to 15 minutes of cardiac arrest and definitive
      resuscitation by internal cardiac massage and defibrillation (Group 4). Following
      resuscitation the chest was closed and the dogs were given intensive care for two
      hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4051268
TI  - Endotracheal versus intravenous epinephrine during electromechanical dissociation
      with CPR in dogs.
AB  - The dose-response curves of epinephrine given either IV or endotracheally (ET)
      were compared during resuscitation from electromechanical dissociation (EMD). Ten
      anesthetized dogs were subjected to a two-minute period of electrically induced
      ventricular fibrillation (VF) followed by defibrillation without CPR to produce
      EMD. Mechanical CPR was followed by injection of either ET or IV epinephrine.
      Successful response was defined as a return of pulsatile blood pressure within
      two minutes of drug administration. Using log-dose increments of epinephrine,
      experimental trials were repeated in each animal. The IV and ET median effective
      doses were 14 and 130 micrograms/kg, respectively. When the trials were
      successful, the time between drug administration and either arterial blood
      pressure increases or return of spontaneous circulation did not differ
      significantly for the ET and IV groups. These results show that the dosage for
      epinephrine delivered ET must be higher than the IV dosage to achieve the same
      response during CPR.

PMID- 4051269
TI  - A priority dispatch system for emergency medical services.
AB  - A decision tree priority dispatch system for emergency medical services (EMS) was
      developed and implemented in Atlanta and Fulton County, Georgia. The dispatch
      system shortened the average response time from 14.2 minutes to 10.4 minutes for
      the 30% of patients deemed most urgent (P less than or equal to .05); resulted in
      a significant increase in the use of advanced life support units for this group
      (P less than or equal to .02); decreased the number of calls that required a
      backup ambulance service; and significantly increased conformity to national EMS
      response time standards for critically ill and injured patients (P less than or
      equal to .0009). Due to dispatch error, 0.3% of calls were dispatched as least
      severe but subsequently were found to be most urgent.

PMID- 4051270
TI  - The effect of patient position and MAST inflation on carotid sinus diameter.
AB  - A comparison of several maneuvers that are believed to increase vagal tone was
      made by measuring the carotid sinus with an ultrasound device. For 20 healthy
      volunteers the mean carotid sinus diameter was 5.7 mm supine, 6.1 mm in the
      Trendelenberg position, 6.5 mm after supine medical antishock trousers (MAST)
      inflation, 7.0 mm after MAST inflation in the Trendelenberg position, and 7.3 mm
      during a headstand. Each mean value was significantly different (P less than .01)
      from each of the others. These results have important implications for the
      treatment of dysrhythmias such as paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 4051271
TI  - Intratracheal aerosolized etidocaine to attenuate cardiovascular and cough
      responses to laryngoscopy and intubation.
AB  - Forty-five ASA I or II patients scheduled for elective surgery were randomized
      into one of three groups. Patients in Group 1 (n = 15) received no intratracheal
      aerosol at laryngoscopy. Patients in Group 2 (n = 15) and Group 3(n = 15)
      received 50 mg and 75 mg, respectively, of intratracheal aerosolized etidocaine
      at laryngoscopy. Cardiovascular and respiratory responses were observed at
      laryngoscopy and intubation and for the first ten minutes following laryngoscopy
      and intubation (with anesthesia provided by IV thiopental and nitrous oxide [70%]
      in oxygen). The magnitude and duration of blood pressure and heart rate increases
      caused by laryngoscopy and intubation were significantly less in the etidocaine
      treated patients than in the controls (P less than .05). The incidence of
      coughing after intubation also was decreased significantly in the etidocaine
      treated patients (P less than .05). Etidocaine did not, however, decrease the
      incidence of arrhythmias after intubation.

PMID- 4051272
TI  - Comparison of the performance of serum and urine hCG immunoassays in the
      evaluation of gynecologic patients.
AB  - We conducted a study to compare the performance of serum and urine pregnancy
      tests in the evaluation of gynecologic patients presenting to our ED. The overall
      efficiency of the two tests was very similar: 99.5% for the serum test, and 97.6%
      for the urine test. In patients proven to have ectopic pregnancies, however, the
      serum test was positive in 100%; the urine test was positive in only 60%. The
      serum test misclassified (gave false-negative or false-positive results) in three
      of 607 patients (0.5%). The urine test misclassified 14 of 607 patients (2.3%).
      Moreover there were 18 inconclusive or invalid urine test results. Thus the urine
      test provided misinformation or no information in 32 of 607, or 5.3%, of the
      total study population.

PMID- 4051273
TI  - Clinical comparison of TAC anesthetic solutions with and without cocaine.
AB  - Two preparations of a topical anesthetic solution were compared with regard to
      their relative effectiveness, the incidence of side effects, and the occurrence
      of wound infection. Solution A contained tetracaine 0.5%, adrenalin 1:2,000, and
      cocaine 11.8%; solution B contained the same amounts of tetracaine and adrenalin
      but no cocaine. Children less than 10 years old who presented with facial or
      scalp lacerations were randomized into the A and B groups. Solution A was
      significantly more effective (P = .01) in producing adequate anesthesia; 8.9% of
      these patients required supplemental xylocaine injection, compared with 27.5% of
      B patients. Clinical evidence of wound infection, manifested by erythema at the
      time of suture removal, occurred in 7% of group A patients; none of the group B
      patients showed these signs. Drowsiness or excitability following the use of
      solutions A and B occurred in 10.7% and 7.8%, respectively. There was no
      convincing evidence, however, that these were causally related, nor was there any
      statistical correlation. Because of the effectiveness of cocaine-based topical
      anesthetics in the pediatric population and the relatively low incidence of side
      effects, including wound infection, it is recommended that topical anesthesia for
      dermal laceration repair be considered as an alternative to injectable xylocaine.

PMID- 4051274
TI  - Noninvasive vascular studies in management of rattlesnake envenomations to
      extremities.
AB  - Twenty-five consecutive patients suffering rattlesnake envenomation to an
      extremity underwent noninvasive vascular arterial studies using contralateral
      extremities as controls. All but one received antivenin, and none underwent early
      surgical decompression. Pulse volume amplitudes in the envenomated extremities,
      reflecting pulsatile arterial blood flow, were increased in 24 of 25 patients (P
      less than .02) in spite of edema and discoloration. Ischemia requiring surgical
      procedures developed in three of seven patients with decreased skin temperatures,
      as compared to none of 18 with increased or mixed skin temperatures on the
      envenomated extremity (P less than .02). One of 24 survivors suffered a
      functional deficit. Most victims of rattlesnake bites have increased arterial
      pulsatile blood flow in an envenomated extremity and do well with medical
      therapy. Noninvasive arterial studies help select those who are more likely to
      require special surgical intervention.

PMID- 4051275
TI  - Guidelines for discontinuing prehospital CPR in the emergency department--a
      review.
AB  - We provide information that we believe should allow the establishment of rational
      guidelines for discontinuing, with physician supervision, unsuccessful
      prehospital CPR. Goldberg has advocated that CPR be terminated only after
      evidence of brain or cardiac death has persisted for more than one hour of
      adequately applied advanced CPR. This recommendation was made for inhospital
      resuscitation and does not reflect the limited capabilities of basic and advanced
      CPR techniques to sustain life outside the hospital. In addition, White and
      associates have demonstrated that after resuscitation from prolonged cardiac
      arrest, cerebral cortical blood flow is reduced severely. This state of
      hypoperfusion may last up to 18 hours. Because this condition can result in
      extensive neurologic damage, it may explain the poor survival rates after
      prolonged resuscitation. We propose that CPR be terminated in the ED when,
      despite adequate rescue attempts (intubation, defibrillation, IV medications,
      CCCM en route) by those responding at the scene of cardiac arrest, intrinsic
      cardiac activity has not been achieved in patients brought to the hospital with
      asystole or bradyarrhythmia. Additionally patients who have had advanced
      prehospital CPR for more than 45 minutes without generation of any intrinsic
      cardiac activity are not resuscitatable by current standard techniques, and CPR
      may be discontinued. These criteria must not be used for victims of hypothermia
      before a core temperature of 35 C to 36.1 C is achieved by active core rewarming
      during CPR. The available data suggest that if these criteria are implemented,
      many unproductive hospital-based resuscitative efforts can be eliminated without
      jeopardizing potential survivors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4051276
TI  - Mushroom ingestion.

PMID- 4051277
TI  - Diagnosis of pregnancy in the ED.

PMID- 4051278
TI  - Termination of CPR in the prehospital arena.

PMID- 4051279
TI  - Air gun injuries in children.
AB  - Air gun injuries occur frequently in children and are potentially lethal. Three
      cases of air gun injuries in children are described. Two children sustained air
      gun injuries to the neck that penetrated the platysma. Each had exploration of
      the wound. One had injury to the esophagus that was treated with external
      drainage; the other sustained no major injury to vital cervical structures. A
      third child received a penetrating injury to her right flank that did not appear
      to enter the peritoneal cavity. She was observed for 24 hours and released. After
      a six-month followup, all patients have remained free of complications. The
      emergency physician should be aware of the penetrating capabilities of these
      weapons, and they should be managed as would any other low-velocity gunshot
      wound.

PMID- 4051280
TI  - Propranolol-induced hypertension in treatment of cocaine intoxication.
AB  - The case of a patient with apparent cocaine toxicity and drug-mediated
      hypertension and tachycardia is presented. IV propranolol was used as the initial
      treatment for his hyperadrenergic state, resulting in a decrease in heart rate
      but a paroxsymal increase in blood pressure. The patient required nitroprusside
      for control of elevated blood pressure. A mechanism of unopposed alpha
      stimulation as a result of beta-2 receptor blockade is proposed, and a cautious
      approach to the use of propranolol in these patients is suggested.

PMID- 4051281
TI  - Management of a child with acute thyroxine ingestion.
AB  - We report a case of thyroxine overdose in a child. Despite extremely high
      thyroxine (T4RIA) levels on admission, the patient's only symptoms were mild
      hypertension and tachycardia. Both symptoms responded to propranolol, with a drop
      in pulse rate and a decrease in blood pressure to normal levels. After four days
      of cardiac monitoring, the patient was released and received propranolol for five
      additional days as an outpatient.

PMID- 4051282
TI  - Rat bite fever: report of a fatal case.
AB  - Two days following a rat bite, a 3-month-old boy presented to the ED with a
      temperature of 40 C and several puncture wounds on his right hand. He died after
      a fulminating illness. Postmortem examination revealed endocarditis, interstitial
      pneumonia, hepatic and splenic congestion, and arthritis. Blood cultures revealed
      the presence of Streptobacillus moniliformis. Rat bite fever is rare in the
      United States, occurring most commonly in children and laboratory personnel.

PMID- 4051283
TI  - ST segment elevation in hyperventilation syndrome.

PMID- 4051285
TI  - Metoprolol overdose.

PMID- 4051284
TI  - Midesophageal kinking and lodgement of a 34-F gastric lavage tube.

PMID- 4051286
TI  - Seizures in asystole.

PMID- 4051287
TI  - Resuscitation from severe hypothermia.

PMID- 4051288
TI  - Effects of heterologous antineutrophil antibody in the cat.
AB  - Rabbit anti-cat neutrophil serum was injected intraperitoneally into cats to
      study its effects on blood neutrophil numbers, on development of neutrophils in
      bone marrow, and on the fate of circulating and developing neutrophils. There was
      a significant difference (P less than 0.05) in curves of blood neutrophil numbers
      between antineutrophil serum (ANS)- and normal rabbit serum (NRS)-injected cats;
      neutrophil counts tended to decrease in ANS-injected cats, whereas a transient
      increase in counts occurred in NRS-injected cats. Significant left shifts (P less
      than 0.05) were present in ANS-injected cats, but absent in NRS-injected cats.
      Toxic morphologic changes were noted in blood neutrophils in all ANS-injected
      cats. Significant bone marrow changes (P less than 0.05) occurred in ANS-injected
      cats, but were absent in NRS-injected cats. Myelocyte percentages of the
      granulocyte marrow population increased during the time that segmented neutrophil
      percentages decreased. In ANS-injected cats, the percentage of cells in the
      mitotic pool (myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes) significantly increased (P
      less than 0.05), with a corresponding significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in
      the postmitotic pool (metamyelocytes, bands, segmented neutrophils). Aspirated
      bone marrow smears (Wright's stain) revealed marrow macrophages containing
      phagocytized neutrophil bands and segmented neutrophils. Sections of liver
      obtained after cats were necropsied revealed neutrophil phagocytosis by Kupffer's
      cells, but neutrophil phagocytosis was not demonstrated in other tissues
      examined.

PMID- 4051289
TI  - Distribution of staphylococcal species on clinically healthy cats.
AB  - Among 827 isolates derived from 113 clinically healthy cats, 12 species of
      staphylococci were identified. Staphylococci were isolated from each cat and from
      54.9% of the anatomic sites evaluated. A mode of 6 (range = 2 to 11) of the 11
      anatomic sites evaluated per cat yielded staphylococci. A mode of 8 (range = 2 to
      12) isolates were found per cat. Staphylococcus simulans was the most isolated
      (43.9% of total) coagulase-negative species. Moreover, S simulans was the most
      isolated species from each of the 11 sites evaluated and, except for the mouth
      and haircoat, comprised greater than 50% of the isolates from each site.
      Staphylococcus intermedius was the most isolated (13.5% of the total) coagulase
      positive species. Three other species (S epidermidis, S xylosus, and S aureus)
      comprised 32.2% of the isolates, and 7 species (S haemolyticus, S hominis, S
      hyicus, S capitis, S warneri, and S saprophyticus) comprised 10.4% of the
      isolates. Six species (S intermedius [96 of 112 isolates], S haemolyticus [20 of
      22], S sciuri [17 of 18], S warneri [10 of 13], S hyicus [10 of 10], and S
      capitis [7 of 8]) were isolated primarily from household cats. Only 1 species, S
      xylosus (75 of 87), was isolated primarily from cattery cats. Haircoat specimens
      (n = 452) yielded 508 isolates (61.4% of the total) distributed among all 12
      staphylococcal species and included greater than 50% of the isolates of all
      species other than S simulans and S sciuri. A more heterogeneous population of
      staphylococci was isolated from household cats than was isolated from cattery
      cats.

PMID- 4051290
TI  - Epinephrine-induced ventricular arrhythmias in dogs anesthetized with halothane:
      potentiation by thiamylal and thiopental.
AB  - Epinephrine-induced ventricular arrhythmias were studied in 8 dogs anesthetized
      at weekly intervals with halothane (1.09% end-tidal concentration) preceded by
      thiamylal or thiopental (20 mg/kg of body weight). Lead II, bundle of His and
      high right atrial electrograms, and femoral artery and airway pressures were
      recorded. Epinephrine was infused in logarithmically spaced increasing rates
      (initial rate = 0.25 micrograms/kg/min) for a maximum of 2.5 minutes. The maximal
      (greater than or equal to 4 ventricular premature depolarizations within 15 s of
      each other) and minimal (all other ventricular or junctional rhythms)
      arrhythmogenic doses were calculated (infusion rate X time to arrhythmia). The
      mean (+/- SD) minimal arrhythmogenic dosages for the thiamylal-halothane,
      thiopental-halothane, and halothane-only groups were 1.84 +/- 0.66, 1.83 +/-
      0.64, and 3.69 +/- 1.32 micrograms/kg, respectively; the mean (+/- SD) maximal
      arrhythmogenic dosages were 2.32 +/- 0.77, 3.37 +/- 1.30, and 8.86 +/- 4.40
      micrograms/kg, respectively, with no change after 4 hours of anesthesia. During
      infusion of the maximal arrhythmogenic dosages, the mean infusion of the maximal
      arrhythmogenic dosages, the mean percentage increase in serum K+ for thiamylal
      halothane, thiopental-halothane, and halothane-only groups was 33 +/- 14%, 31 +/-
      13%, and 38 +/- 18%, respectively.

PMID- 4051291
TI  - Normal and paradoxical ventricular septal motion in the dog.
AB  - Normal and paradoxical ventricular septal motions were studied in dogs, using M
      mode and 2-dimensional echocardiography. Normal ventricular septal motion was
      evaluated, using 35 clinically healthy dogs (group I), and was compared with
      characteristics of septal motion measured in 12 dogs with right ventricular
      overload (group II) and 14 dogs with left-sided heart disease (group III). Normal
      ventricular septal motion consisted of a series of active and passive anterior
      (right cranial) and posterior (left caudal) movements that were subjectively
      evaluated and quantitated during segments of the cardiac cycle. Maximum excursion
      of the ventricular septum occurred during systole, was directed toward the left
      ventricle, and was related to body size. Determination of a normalized radius of
      septal curvature from analysis of 2-dimensional echocardiogram indicated that the
      septal arc formed part of a generally circular left ventricle in group I dogs. In
      contrast to these findings, group II dogs with right ventricular pressure and
      volume overloads exhibited reduced systolic septal excursion, diminished or flat
      septal motion, and paradoxical systolic septal motion. Normalized radius of
      septal curvature was significantly greater in group II dogs than in group I or
      group III dogs. Septal motion and radius of septal curvature in dogs comprising
      group III were not significantly different from normal during most phases of the
      cardiac cycle. Results of this study support the concept that septal motion is a
      reflection of overall left ventricular shape and that abnormalities in
      ventricular septal motion, namely flat or paradoxical septal motion, should cause
      the clinician to suspect right ventricular volume or pressure overload.

PMID- 4051292
TI  - Familial canine dermatomyositis: clinical, electrodiagnostic, and genetic
      studies.
AB  - Three Collies with a skin disorder, 6 progeny from a breeding of 2 of the Collies
      (incross litter), and the 4 progeny from the breeding of an affected Collie male
      and a normal Labrador Retriever female (outcross litter) were examined. By 7 to
      11 weeks of age, all 6 dogs in the incross litter developed a qualitatively
      similar, but variably severe, dermatitis of the ears, face, lips, tip of the
      tail, and over bony prominences of limbs. Later, myopathic signs characterized by
      bilaterally symmetrical skeletal muscle atrophy of the head, neck, trunk, and
      extremities; facial palsy; decreased jaw tone; stiff gait; and hyperreflexia were
      observed in the dogs more severely affected by the dermatitis. Of the 4 dogs in
      the outcross litter, 3 had similar, but milder, clinical manifestations of the
      dermatitis and myopathy. Cutaneous lesions consisted of intraepidermal and
      subepidermal vesicles or pustules with intradermal infiltration by leukocytes.
      Muscle lesions included myositis; myofiber degeneration, regeneration, and
      atrophy; and fibrosis. A generalized myopathy in the severely affected dogs was
      indicated by abnormal readings on needle electromyograms and normal motor nerve
      conduction velocities. Spontaneous needle electromyogram abnormalities were
      fibrillation potentials, positive sharp waves, and bizarre high-frequency
      discharges. Retrospective and prospective genetic analyses disclosed a definite
      familial tendency and indicated the condition has an autosomal dominant
      component.

PMID- 4051293
TI  - Gastric emptying of liquids in the dog: serial test meal and modified emptying
      time techniques.
AB  - A serial test meal technique was used in the dog to evaluate the gastric emptying
      of a liquid test meal. On separate days, a phenol red test meal was placed in the
      stomach and completely aspirated at different times. A composite representation
      of the gastric emptying pattern was obtained for each dog, and a set of normative
      data was generated. Three emptying determinants (emptying time, half-life, and
      starting index) were calculated. The basic pattern of canine gastric emptying was
      linear and declined exponentially or as a function of the square root of the
      gastric volume. A modified emptying-time technique (METT) correlated well with
      the serial test meal and a set of normative values was determined. The METT was
      performed by aspirating test meal from the stomach 30 minutes after instillation.
      The METT was a simple and inexpensive technique that could be performed in 1
      short testing period. With the METT, the half-life of gastric emptying was
      calculated, using the log of the percentage of retention of test meal; gastric
      emptying time was calculated, using the square root of the percentage of
      retention of test meal. Acetylpromazine was shown not to alter gastric emptying
      of a liquid test meal.

PMID- 4051294
TI  - Effects of xylazine on the urethral pressure profile of healthy dogs.
AB  - Thirteen healthy male dogs and 11 healthy female dogs were subjected to
      urodynamic assessment, using a simultaneous urethral pressure profile and
      urethral sphincter electromyogram (EMG). The study was done on the dogs in the
      nonsedated state and after xylazine sedation. Results showed a significant
      decrease in maximal urethral closure pressures in dogs of both sexes after they
      were given xylazine (from 79.79 cm of H2O to 23.00 cm of H2O in female dogs, and
      from 99.77 cm of H2O to 41.77 cm of H2O in male dogs). There was a significant
      reduction in EMG activities in dogs of both sexes after they were given xylazine.
      There was also little variability in measurements made on the same dog on
      consecutive days. Simultaneous intravesicular pressure and urethral pressure
      monitoring indicated that the effect of bladder distention on the urethral
      pressure profile was minimal and that there were no spontaneous detrusor
      contractions. This study indicates that xylazine produced a significant artifact
      in the simultaneous urethral pressure profile/EMG.

PMID- 4051295
TI  - Effects of graded pleural effusion on QRS in the dog.
AB  - Six anesthetized healthy dogs were placed in right lateral recumbency.
      Electrocardiographic leads I, aVF, V10, rV3, V3, and V5 were obtained during a
      control period and after introduction of pleural effusions ranging between 0.66
      and 55 ml of isotonic saline solution/kg of body weight. Peak-to-peak amplitudes
      of QRS were measured, and the effusion required to decrease this amplitude by
      more than 1 SD from the mean of healthy dogs was determined for each lead tested.
      Sensitivity of detecting pleural effusion was greatest in lead I in which an
      effusion of 2.75 ml/kg could be detected. The QRS amplitudes in leads V10 and aVF
      were decreased to a significant level only at large effusions. Leads V3 and V5
      were "blind," even to the greatest pleural effusions. Radiographs taken with the
      graded pleural effusion documented that the heart "floated" away from rV3 and
      toward V3 and V5, thus explaining the sensitivity of rV3 and insensitivities of
      V3 and V5. It seems that pleural effusion can be detected by using these leads in
      dogs in right lateral recumbency, that detection is best if serial recordings are
      taken, and that relatively high sensitivities are achieved using lead I.

PMID- 4051296
TI  - Prevention of coccidiosis in domestic dogs and captive coyotes (Canis latrans)
      with sulfadimethoxine-ormetoprim combination.
AB  - Sulfadimethoxine-ormetoprim combination was evaluated as a coccidiostat against
      experimentally induced coccidiosis in young dogs and coyotes (Canis latrans). The
      animals were experimentally inoculated with 50,000 or 100,000 sporulated oocysts
      of Isospora ohiohensis (98%) and Isospora canis (2%). In experiment 1, daily
      treatment for 13 to 23 days with a combination of 27.5 mg of sulfadimethoxine/kg
      of body weight (BW) and 5.5 mg of ormetoprim/kg of BW admixed to the feed
      resulted in no significant (P greater than 0.05) difference in fecal oocyst
      counts between treated and nontreated groups of dogs or coyotes. In experiment 2,
      treatment with a combination of 55 mg of sulfadimethoxine/kg of BW and 11 mg of
      ormetoprim/kg of BW for 23 days was 99.8% effective against Isospora spp
      infections in dogs. Significantly (P less than 0.05) fewer oocysts were present
      in feces of treated dogs than were present in feces of nontreated dogs from first
      passage of oocysts at day 4 to the end of the patent period at days 19 to 21.
      After the 2nd week of treatment, BW of treated dogs were significantly greater (P
      less than 0.05) than BW of nontreated dogs. Evidence of drug toxicity was not
      observed clinically or by serum chemical analyses.

PMID- 4051297
TI  - Efficacy of fenbendazole and cambendazole against Muellerius capillaris in dairy
      goats.
AB  - Two anthelmintics, fenbendazole and cambendazole, were used in an attempt to
      eliminate Muellerius capillaris infections in a group of 44 goats. During the
      course of this study (508 days), M capillaris larvae were found in at least one
      fecal specimen from each of 22 of the 44 goats. All 44 goats were dewormed with
      fenbendazole (30 mg/kg of body weight) at the onset of this study (day 18). Two
      additional dewormings with fenbendazole at 4- to 8-week intervals were restricted
      to the goats that continued to shed M capillaris larvae. On the basis of routine
      fecal examinations, fenbendazole eliminated M capillaris larvae from the feces of
      8 (36%) of these 22 goats. On day 253, cambendazole (60 mg/kg) was given orally
      to 17 of these 22 goats (2 of the 22 had died and 3 were not available for
      treatment); 13 of these goats were still shedding M capillaris larvae.
      Cambendazole eliminated M capillaris larvae from the feces of 10 (77%) of these
      13 goats chronically infected with M capillaris.

PMID- 4051298
TI  - Immunologic reactions of pigs regrouped at or near weaning.
AB  - Using 64 pigs, 2 experiments (32 pigs each) were conducted to evaluate the
      effects of regrouping nonlittermate pigs at weaning or 2 weeks after weaning on
      mitogen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis, intradermal reactions to
      phytohemagglutinin, and primary antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes. Plasma
      cortisol concentrations were determined in all pigs and behavior of regrouped
      pigs was monitored. Compared with control values, plasma cortisol concentrations
      were higher in nonlittermate pigs regrouped at weaning (P less than 0.001) or 2
      weeks after weaning (P less than 0.01). However, regrouping pigs at weaning or 2
      weeks after weaning did not influence lymphocyte blastogenesis,
      phytohemagglutinin skin-test responses, or antibody titers to sheep erythrocytes.
      Plasma cortisol concentrations were not related to agonistic behavior in
      regrouped pigs or to lymphocyte blastogenic or phytohemagglutinin skin-test
      responses; however, higher plasma cortisol concentrations were related (P less
      than 0.05) to lower sheep erythrocyte antibody titers. These data indicate that
      regrouping nonlittermate pigs at weaning or 2 weeks after weaning is an acute
      stressor that does not detrimentally affect mitogen-induced lymphocyte
      blastogenesis, intradermal reactions to phytohemagglutinin, or primary antibody
      responses to sheep erythrocytes.

PMID- 4051299
TI  - Field-trial evaluation of a Pasteurella vaccine in preconditioned and
      nonpreconditioned lightweight calves.
AB  - A field-trial evaluation confirmed the efficacy of a pasteurella vaccine as a
      means of preventing bovine pneumonia. The vaccine was comprised of streptomycin
      dependent Pasteurella multocida (type A:3) and Pasteurella haemolytica (type 1).
      Vaccinal efficacy was defined in terms of greater body weight gains, less severe
      clinical signs of pneumonia, and smaller death rates as compared with the same
      factors in nonvaccinated calves. During the 50-day trial, vaccinated calves
      gained weight faster than did nonvaccinated calves (P = 0.05). Economic advantage
      was not found for administering a booster dose of the vaccine (P = 0.25).
      Nonpreconditioned nonvaccinated calves made greater dollar profits than did
      preconditioned nonvaccinated calves (P = 0.16). A comparison of all
      preconditioned calves with all nonpreconditioned calves revealed that illness and
      death losses were less in the preconditioned calves (P = 0.07). An evaluation of
      the cost vs benefit factors revealed significant advantages for administering 1
      dose of vaccine of $19.08 for a preconditioned calf (P = 0.006) and of $11.39 for
      a nonpreconditioned calf (P = 0.05). The data indicated that there was no
      economic advantage for preconditioning and that the greatest economic gain was
      made by the vaccinated nonpreconditioned calves.

PMID- 4051300
TI  - Antileukotoxin antibody produced in the bovine lung after aerosol exposure to
      viable Pasteurella haemolytica.
AB  - Experiments were performed to determine the in vivo immunogenicity of Pasteurella
      haemolytica leukotoxin. Calves were exposed twice to aerosol mists of viable P
      haemolytica, using a treatment regimen previously shown to induce a resistant
      state. Pulmonary lavage fluids and serum samples from these calves were assayed
      for leukotoxin-neutralizing antibodies. Before aerosol exposure, neutralizing
      antibody titers were routinely found in serum samples, but were not detectable in
      pulmonary lavage concentrates before exposure. After aerosol exposure, titers of
      toxin-neutralizing immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG antibodies were found in
      pulmonary lavage concentrates and were accompanied by increased serum toxin
      neutralization titers.

PMID- 4051301
TI  - Lymph drainage of the conjunctiva: topographic anatomic study in calves.
AB  - The topographic pattern of lymph drainage from the conjuctiva was ascertained in
      1- to 2-week-old calves. Multiple, small lymph vessels within and on the surface
      of the orbicularis oculi muscle converged to form fewer vessels which followed
      the course of the superficial temporal artery and vein or crossed the zygomatic
      arch in a more rostral position to reach the primary site of lymph collection,
      the parotid lymph node. Marker dye, injected into the subconjunctiva, was
      collected in the midrostral and rostroventral parts of the node. Drainage from
      the parotid node passed via multiple lymph vessels into the lateral
      retropharyngeal node, where marker dye concentrated in the rostrodorsal aspect of
      the node. Single or multiple lymph vessels carried drainage from the lateral
      retropharyngeal node indirectly by way of the cranial deep cervical lymph node or
      directly into the tracheal lymph trunk.

PMID- 4051302
TI  - Host response to bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma.
AB  - Specific humoral and cellular immunologic responses to autologous and
      heterologous tumors were evaluated in 35 Hereford cows with ocular squamous cell
      tumors and in 6 healthy cows. Sera from 5 healthy cows and 23 ocular tumor
      bearing cows were evaluated for antibody to tumor, using radioimmunoassay,
      passive hemagglutination, agglutination, and microagglutination assays with
      various soluble tumor antigen and whole tumor cell preparations. Antibody to
      tumor was detected in only 2 cows. Using the microagglutination assay, antibody
      to autologous and heterologous tumor cells was found in the sera of 2 cows
      inoculated intraocularly with purified, viable autologous tumor cells. Twenty
      eight tumor-bearing cows and 3 healthy cows were evaluated for delayed-type
      hypersensitivity responses, using 5 tumor preparations; positive skin test
      responses were not observed.

PMID- 4051303
TI  - Characterization of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis of bovine, caprine, and ovine
      origin by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of fatty acids in whole-cell
      extracts.
AB  - The cellular fatty acid composition of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from
      bovine, ovine, and caprine origin (grown on Herrold's egg yolk medium) was
      determined by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and mass spectrometry and was
      compared with that of 19 other Mycobacterium spp. A species-specific fatty acid
      of M paratuberculosis was not demonstrable. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis
      of cellular fatty acids was used to develop flow charts for the rapid
      identification of M paratuberculosis and other Mycobacterium spp. Two charts for
      distinguishing organisms were developed; one chart was based on GLC alone and the
      other based on GLC, growth rate, and chromogenicity. Seemingly, the GLC was
      reliable for detecting Mycobacterium spp rapidly.

PMID- 4051304
TI  - Efficacy of furosemide in the treatment of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage
      in Thoroughbred racehorses.
AB  - The repeatability of endoscopic observations of exercise-induced pulmonary
      hemorrhage (EIPH) and the efficacy of furosemide as a prophylactic treatment of
      horses with EIPH were studied in Thoroughbred race horses after consecutive
      breezes (at or near maximum speed, approx 16 m/s). Of 56 horses examined greater
      than or equal to 2 times, 21 (38%) had identical EIPH scores, whereas 26 (46%)
      and 9 (16%) had scores that differed by greater than or equal to 1 grade. In 56
      nontreated horses, there was good agreement between 2 consecutive observations (K
      = 0.59, Z = 4.54, P less than 0.001). Similar comparisons after placebo (saline
      solution) treatment of 21 horses yielded fair to good agreement, whereas poorer
      agreement was seen after furosemide treatment of 23 horses. Comparison of average
      and maximum EIPH scores of 44 horses with a minimum of 4 observations (2
      nontreated, 1 saline-treated, and 1 furosemide-treated) indicated that although
      furosemide did not stop EIPH, it did reduce the EIPH score in 28 (64%) horses.

PMID- 4051305
TI  - Combined pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in pony mares after a single intravenous
      and intramuscular administration.
AB  - Healthy mature pony mares (n = 6) were given a single dose of gentamicin (5 mg/kg
      of body weight) IV or IM 8 days apart. Venous blood samples were collected at 0,
      5, 10, 20, 30, and 45 minutes and at 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, 24,
      30, 36, 40, and 48 hours after IV injection of gentamicin, and at 10, 20, 30, and
      45 minutes and at 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, 24, and 30 hours after
      IM injection of gentamicin. Gentamicin serum concentration was determined by a
      liquid-phase radioimmunoassay. The combined data of IV and IM treatments were
      analyzed by a nonlinear least-square regression analysis program. The kinetic
      data were best fitted by a 2-compartment open model, as indicated by residual
      trends and improvements in the correlation of determination. The distribution
      phase half-life was 0.12 +/- 0.02 hour and postdistribution phase half-life was
      1.82 +/- 0.22 hour. The volume of the central compartment was 115.8 +/- 6.0
      ml/kg, volume of distribution at steady state was 188 +/- 9.9 ml/kg, and the
      total body clearance was 1.27 +/- 0.18 ml/min/kg. Intramuscular absorption was
      rapid with a half-life for absorption of 0.64 +/- 0.14 hour. The extent of
      absorption was 0.87 +/- 0.14. Kinetic calculations predicted that IM injections
      of 5 mg of gentamicin/kg every 8 hours would provide average steady-state serum
      concentrations of 7.0 micrograms/ml, with maximum and minimum steady-state
      concentrations of 16.8 and 1.1 micrograms/ml, respectively.

PMID- 4051306
TI  - Swine trichinosis in New England slaughterhouses.
AB  - Diaphragms of 5,315 slaughter hogs from the New England states were examined for
      Trichinella spiralis infection between June 22 and Dec 22, 1983. Thirty-nine hogs
      (0.73%) were infected. The infections were light, none exceeding 30 larvae/g of
      tissue, with an arithmetic mean of 4.7 larvae/g. Infected hogs originated from 5
      of 6 New England states. The widespread occurrence of porcine trichinosis in New
      England indicates that the small or part-time hog farming operations frequently
      found in this region may be especially vulnerable to the introduction and
      maintenance of the parasite.

PMID- 4051307
TI  - Gastric distention and gastrin in the dog.
AB  - Gastric distention was induced in intact dogs by giving a wide range of volumes
      (11 to 111 ml/kg) of a liquid test meal resulting in a significant (P less than
      0.05) increase in plasma gastrin immunoreactivity at 10 and 25 minutes after
      distention. There was no significant decrease in gastrin immunoreactivity from 10
      to 25 minutes of gastric distention. Pretreatment with atropine abolished the
      distention-induced gastrin release, indicating that distention-induced gastrin
      release in the intact dog was partially under cholinergic control. There was no
      relationship between the distending volume and magnitude of gastrin increase.

PMID- 4051308
TI  - Ultrastructure of the testis of Pekin ducks fed methyl mercury chloride:
      seminiferous epithelium.
AB  - Testicular cells of Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) fed with 0 (control), 0.5
      (group 1), 5 (group 2), or 15 (group 3) mg of methyl mercury chloride
      (CH3HgCl)/kg of basal feed for 12 weeks were examined by electron microscope.
      Sertoli's cells from ducks in group 2 had dilated smooth endoplasm reticulum,
      increased lysosomes, and large vacuoles, some with lipid droplets. Degenerative
      changes were more advanced in group 3 ducks. There were increases in lysosomes,
      myelinoid figures, vacuolations, cytoplasmic and nuclear debris, cristolyses of
      mitochondria, and distended Golgi's complexes, and a reduction in smooth
      endoplasm reticulum and microtubules when compared with those of the controls.
      Spermatogonia were resistant to CH3HgCl exposure, except in 2 ducks from group 3
      which had cells that showed electron-lucent cytoplasm, abnormal mitochondria, and
      membrane-bound vacuoles. In primary spermatocytes, degenerative changes were
      evident in ducks fed the larger dose levels. In nuclei, synaptonemal complexes
      showed unpaired elements. In cytoplasm, cellular debris and vacuoles
      predominated. There was an increase in synchronized meiosis and apparent
      incomplete cell division. In ducks from group 3, the cellular damage was more
      severe and was present throughout the germinal epithelium. Spermatids
      differentiation was affected variably in groups 2 and 3. Severity of damage
      increased with the increased dosage of mercury. Where there was spermiogenic
      activity, the electron-dense acrosome granules, manchette, and midpiece were
      rarely found. Since the seminiferous tubules from 2 ducks in group 3 had severe
      destruction of spermatocytes and spermatids, the spermiogenic activity was
      negligible. Ingestion of CH3HgCl caused toxic injury to seminiferous tubules in
      groups 2 and 3 ducks. The degree of damage was related to the dietary amount of
      mercury.

PMID- 4051309
TI  - The value of gallium-67 scanning in pulmonary tuberculosis.
AB  - We studied 59 patients presumed to have pulmonary tuberculosis to determine
      whether gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy could improve diagnostic accuracy and
      help clinical decision making for empiric treatment pending culture results. The
      sensitivity of 67Ga scintigraphy was 95% and the specificity 27%. Our positive
      predictive value of 69% does not contribute substantially to increase the prior
      probability of diagnosis in settings similar to ours. The existence of a false
      negative rate essentially precludes the use of the scan to rule out active
      disease. The use of the scan for clinical decisions in pulmonary tuberculosis is
      not recommended.

PMID- 4051310
TI  - Oxalic acid level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with invasive
      pulmonary aspergillosis.
AB  - Oxalic acid is a fermentation product of Aspergillus. We have measured the oxalic
      acid level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids recovered from immunocompromised
      patients with and without invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. These levels were
      significantly higher in patients with invasive aspergillosis than in patients
      with pneumonitis of other causes. Thus, the determination of oxalic acid in
      bronchoalveolar lavage could be a presumptive argument for invasive aspergillosis
      until positive fungal cultures or histologic diagnosis; its potential value in
      monitoring the course of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, particularly under
      treatment, has to be confirmed in more patients.

PMID- 4051311
TI  - Detection of histoplasmal antigens in mice undergoing experimental pulmonary
      histoplasmosis.
AB  - A micro-ELISA assay was developed for the quantitation of Histoplasma capsulatum
      antigen in lungs, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and serum of intranasally
      infected mice. As little as 0.2 ng of antigen/ml could be detected. During the
      course of experimental histoplasmosis, immunologically intact, thymus-containing
      mice (nu/+) had detectable histoplasmal antigens in their lungs, serum, and BALF
      within 1 day of challenge. Lung, BALF, and serum antigen concentration rose to a
      peak 2 wk after challenge; in nu/+ mice, antigen concentration then declined
      through the next 2 wk. In contrast, athymic nude mice have depressed cell
      mediated immunity; their antigen concentration continued to rise throughout the
      course of progressive, ultimately lethal, illness. Antigen concentrations
      correlated with quantitative cultures of the lungs and BALF. There was little
      cross reactivity in mice challenged intranasally with Candida albicans or
      Blastomyces dermatitidis. The sensitivity of this test, and the apparently
      minimal cross reactivity, suggest that the micro-ELISA for histoplasmal antigen
      might have significant clinical application in diagnosing and monitoring the
      course of histoplasmosis.

PMID- 4051312
TI  - Alcoholism, leukopenia, and pneumococcal sepsis.
AB  - Pneumococcal bacteremia is associated with a high morbidity and mortality,
      especially when leukopenia is present. To define further the possible factors
      associated with death in pneumococcal bacteremia, we reviewed all cases at 2
      hospitals over a 1-yr period. Overall, increased mortality was associated with
      women (p = 0.009), nosocomial acquisition of the disease (p = 0.001), the
      presence of leukopenia (p = 0.00002) or thrombocytopenia (p = 0.025), shock (p =
      4 X 10(-8)), and adult respiratory distress syndrome (p = 2 X 10(-7)). Leukopenic
      and nonleukopenic patients were compared further to ascertain factors that may
      predispose to leukopenia. Alcoholism was the only associated condition
      correlating with the presence of leukopenia (p = 0.036), and alcoholism and
      leukopenia occurred in a group of younger men. We conclude that the association
      of alcoholism, leukopenia, and pneumococcal sepsis is a distinct clinical entity
      seen in younger patients and is associated with a very high mortality.

PMID- 4051313
TI  - Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures are reduced in hyperinflated,
      malnourished, young adult male patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - We measured maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP,
      respectively) in 23 male patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), 16 to 35 yr of age
      (22.1 +/- 3.7), and in a control group of 33 male volunteers, 17 to 39 yr of age
      (22.5 +/- 6.8), to evaluate the effects of chronic hyperinflation and
      malnutrition on MIP and MEP in the patients with CF. Routine pulmonary function
      tests and skeletal muscle indexes, such as the force generated by the adductor
      pollicis muscle with supramaximal ulnar nerve stimulation at a frequency of 10 Hz
      as percentage of force at 100 Hz (F10/100) and midarm muscle circumference as a
      percentage of predicted (MAMC), were also measured in the patients with CF.
      Severe hyperinflation in this study was defined as a ratio of residual volume to
      total lung capacity above 50% and malnutrition as a ratio of actual weight to the
      ideal weight for the patient's age and height of 90% or less. The severely
      hyperinflated subgroup of patients with CF had significantly reduced MIP values
      in comparison with those in the other patients with CF. The malnourished
      subgroup, which was also severely hyperinflated, differed from the well-nourished
      one in both skeletal muscle indexes; MAMC was reduced, whereas F10/100 was
      elevated, and respiratory muscle pressure generation, MIP, and MEP were reduced.
      We conclude that patients with CF who are malnourished and/or severely
      hyperinflated have reduced maximal respiratory pressures.

PMID- 4051314
TI  - Timing of the quantitative recovery in the regenerating rat lung.
AB  - Growing rats 23 days of age were subjected to the resection of the upper and
      middle lobes of the right lung (25% of total lung volume). On postoperative days
      1, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 30, the lungs of 5 animals were fixed by intratracheal
      instillation of glutaraldehyde, their volumes measured by water displacement, and
      the lung tissue processed for quantitative light (LM) and electron microscopic
      (EM) investigations. For each group, 3 age-matched sham-operated, and 4 normal
      rats served as controls. Sham operation consisted in entering the pleural space,
      and collapsing and ventilating the lungs. In all animals, the following
      parameters were measured by means of point and intersection counting stereology
      at either LM or EM-levels: volume densities of lung parenchyma and of its
      components (airspaces, tissue, capillary blood) and surface densities of
      airspaces and of capillaries. From these data absolute parameter values were
      calculated for each lung. The results showed that after bilobectomy the remaining
      lung re-expanded rapidly first by an overinflation of the airspaces and after Day
      4 by an increase in tissue mass and capillary volume. On Days 9 and 12 the
      operated lungs did not differ quantitatively from control lungs. Later, however,
      further sequels of the bilobectomy were detected: On Day 18, lobectomy-lungs were
      smaller than controls, and on Day 30 lungs, the left lung was significantly
      different in structure from the right lung and from control lungs.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4051315
TI  - Increase in tracheal size with age. Implications for maximal expiratory flow.
AB  - Because mechanical properties of central airways play an important role in
      determining maximal expiratory flow, we examined how tracheal size and maximal
      expiratory flow changed with age in 50 asymptomatic men, 19 to 61 yr of age, who
      were lifelong nonsmokers. Cross-sectional area (X-SA) of the intrathoracic
      trachea was estimated from posteroanterior and lateral chest radiographs taken at
      full inflation. Maximal expiratory flow-volume curves and spirometry were
      measured by standard techniques. Tracheal X-SA averaged 2.81 cm2 (SD, 0.38) at
      mean age 21.1 yr and 3.22 cm2 (SD,0.41) at mean age 52.5 yr, and correlated with
      peak expiratory flow (PEF) (r = 0.522, p less than 0.001) and FEV1 (r = 0.437, p
      = less than 0.01) (both expressed as percent predicted values based on age and
      height). These relationships were weaker than previously described in young men.
      The results suggest that with increasing age, large airways lose elastic recoil,
      as previously described for the air spaces. Aging changes in the airways may
      offset the unfavorable effects of loss of lung recoil and account for the
      relatively good preservation of PEF and the lack of rise in airways resistance
      with increasing age.

PMID- 4051316
TI  - Rib cage mechanics in simulated diaphragmatic paralysis.
AB  - To determine the action of the parasternal intercostals on the human rib cage, we
      studied the pattern of rib cage motion in relation to the pattern of respiratory
      muscle contraction in 4 normal subjects during attempts to perform tidal volume
      breathing with the parasternal intercostals alone. The dimensions of the chest
      wall, including the anteroposterior (AP) diameters of the lower rib cage and the
      abdomen, the transverse diameter of the lower rib cage, and the xiphipubic
      distance, were measured with linearized magnetometers. The electromyogram (EMG)
      of the diaphragm was obtained with an esophageal lead, while the EMGs of the
      intercostal, neck, and abdominal muscles were recorded using concentric needle
      electrodes. Minimizing diaphragmatic use during inspiration (transdiaphragmatic
      pressure = 0.08 to 1.54 cm H2O) was accompanied by a recruitment of the
      parasternals that was substantially greater than that of the scalenes; in 2 of
      the subjects, the activation of the scalenes at the beginning of inspiration was
      even delayed relative to the parasternals. The lateral intercostals showed
      variable changes during the maneuver, but the sternocleidomastoids, pectoralis
      major, rectus abdominis, and abdominal external oblique muscles were always
      silent. This pattern of EMG activity was associated with profound deformations of
      the rib cage. In all 4 subjects, the rib cage expanded considerably more along
      its transverse than its AP dimension relative to its relaxed configuration, and
      in 3 subjects, the xiphi-pubic distance decreased rather than increased in early
      inspiration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4051317
TI  - Comparative effects of aminophylline on diaphragm and cardiac contractility.
AB  - The mechanisms by which aminophylline increases inspiratory muscle contractility
      are unclear. The present study compared the effects of aminophylline on cardiac
      as well as on diaphragm contractility and examined the interaction of
      aminophylline with verapamil, a calcium channel-blocking agent, on both types of
      muscle. Experiments were performed in mongrel dogs anesthetized with
      pentobarbitone. Diaphragm contractility was assessed from transdiaphragmatic
      pressure (Pdi) developed during supramaximal electrical stimulation of the
      cervical phrenic rootlets, and cardiac contractility was assessed from peak left
      ventricular (LV) pressure and its rate of rise (dPv/dt). Measurements were made
      before and after each of 3 sequential IV infusions of aminophylline (6 mg/kg) and
      subsequent IV infusions of verapamil (0.1 mg/kg bolus and 0.02 mg/kg/min for 5 to
      7 min.). Transient decreases in Pdi were frequently observed immediately after
      aminophylline infusion in association with decreases in mean arterial blood
      pressure. With recovery of mean blood pressure, Pdi increased above baseline
      values. Aminophylline increased Pdi in a dose-dependent fashion over the entire
      frequency range studied (1 to 40 Hz). Aminophylline increased the rate of rise of
      Pdi (dPd/dt) without affecting the period over which pressure was developed or
      dissipated during single twitches. Aminophylline increased both peak LV pressure
      and dPv/dt. The magnitude of the cardiac response was greater than the
      diaphragmatic response. Subsequent verapamil infusion completely reversed the
      effects of aminophylline on LV contractility but had only a small effect on
      diaphragm contractility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4051318
TI  - Rapid decline in FEV1 in grain handlers. Relation to level of dust exposure.
AB  - We have prospectively studied the respiratory health of a cohort of grain
      elevator workers in the Canadian west coast terminal elevators, beginning in 1975
      and following them for 6 yr. We have used a "nested" case-control model to
      identify determinants of the worst trend in FEV1 over this period. The 10% of
      participants in this category had a mean decline of greater than 100 ml/yr. They
      were significantly more likely to have had a decline in FEV1 over a work week and
      to have nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity. There was a significant
      relationship between the odds ratio of being a case and the mean level of dust
      exposure associated with the job and location at the work site; cases were
      associated with mean total dust levels greater than 5 mg/m3. We found no
      relationship between the odds ratio of being a case and a number of host factors,
      such as immediate skin reactivity to common allergens, history of asthma,
      bronchitis, or hay fever, or presence of respiratory symptoms. We conclude that
      exposure to grain dust at levels greater than 5 mg/m3 is associated with a
      serious adverse trend in FEV1.

PMID- 4051319
TI  - Kinetics of the recovery of airway response caused by inhaled histamine.
AB  - The time course of recovery from airway response induced by the inhalation of
      progressively doubling doses of histamine phosphate (3 to 4 depending on the
      subject) was studied in 8 asthmatic subjects by serial measurements of lung
      resistance (RL). For every subject, the time required for functional recovery
      became longer with increasing histamine doses and/or degrees of airway response.
      The slopes of the curves obtained from a single exponential fit relating time on
      the abscissa and functional recovery on the ordinate were significantly (F = 4.9
      to 50.0, p less than 0.01) and progressively lower in 7 of 8 instances. This
      suggested a multiple compartment model, which was confirmed (r2 greater than or
      equal to 0.95) in 5 subjects by applying a double exponential regression that
      provided the most satisfactory fit. We conclude that the recovery from airway
      response caused by inhaled histamine is longer with increasing doses of histamine
      and/or degrees of airway response. A double-compartment model, a fast one
      followed by a slow one, fit this pattern of recovery in 5 of the 8 subjects.

PMID- 4051320
TI  - Breathing pattern affects airway wall temperature during cold air hyperpnea in
      humans.
AB  - We studied the influence of flow rate on respiratory heat exchange in 9 healthy
      adult subjects using a new noninvasive technique, the single-breath temperature
      washout (SBTW) curve. The SBTW curve is a plot of exhaled gas temperature versus
      exhaled volume during a standard exhalation and consists of an initial rise
      (within the first 200 ml) to a plateau temperature that persists through the
      remainder of exhalation. We found that exhaled gas temperatures within the
      initial expirate were colder at every airway locus than corresponding intra
      airway gas temperatures at end-inspiration, suggesting that heat exchange occurs
      between lumenal gas and the relatively cooler airway walls during exhalation. The
      SBTW plateau temperatures were: (1) lower after preconditioning the airways with
      rapid (80 L/min) isocapnic hyperpnea of frigid air than after less rapid (40
      L/min) cold-air hyperpnea or after quiet breathing; (2) lower when, after
      identical airway preconditioning regimens, the SBTW exhalation was performed with
      a slower (0.5 versus 2.5 L/s) expiratory flow; and (3) lower when SBTW curves
      were obtained after airway preconditioning using respiratory patterns with larger
      inspiration-expiration duration (I:E) ratios (5:1 versus 1:5) at fixed minute
      ventilation and respiratory rate. Our results indicate that the global
      respiratory gas-wall heat transfer coefficient increases with velocity to the 0.9
      power, a finding similar to that in previous studies of turbulent flow in rigid
      pipes.

PMID- 4051321
TI  - The use of criteria for reversibility and obstruction to define patient groups
      for bronchodilator trials. Influence of clinical diagnosis, spirometric, and
      anthropometric variables.
AB  - Multiple criteria for obstruction and reversibility are being used at present to
      define patient populations for bronchodilator studies. In order to establish
      whether the use of different criteria would result in variation in results, we
      evaluated 4 criteria for obstruction and found that the outcome of a
      bronchodilator trial, mean response, will depend on the definition of obstruction
      used. The obstruction criteria evaluated were: (1) FEV less than lower 95%
      confidence limit (CL) of predicted, (2) FEV1/FVC% less than lower 95% CL, (3)
      FEV1 between 500 and 1,500 ml, and (4) FEV1 less than 60% of predicted. Patients
      selected by criterion (1) had 8.9% FEV1 response, whereas those selected by
      criterion (3) had 14% FEV1 response. This difference resulted mostly from the
      difference in the degree of obstruction among the groups as well as the effect of
      regression to the mean compounded by calculating the results as percent of
      baseline. Also, it appears the use of obstruction criteria based on the absolute
      value of the FEV1 or on predicted FEV1 may create an age and height bias for
      bronchodilator response, this being of minimal clinical importance, though.
      Finally, we found that the conventional reversibility criterion: 15% improvement
      of the initial FEV1, could be misleading. This criterion could not be used to
      define disease, and when it was applied to a patient population it resulted in
      the selection of the most obstructed subjects, which is a contradiction of the
      very definition of reversibility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4051322
TI  - Responses to large doses of salbutamol and theophylline in patients with chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - To assess additive effects of therapy with salbutamol and theophylline, we
      examined 16 patients (5 women, 11 men) with a mean age of 67.6 +/- 6.9 (SE) yr,
      long-standing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, an FEV1 of 0.73 +/- 0.05
      (SE) L, and a smoking history of 38.4 +/- 4.1 (SE) pack-years. On 2 consecutive
      days they were given large doses of either salbutamol followed by theophylline or
      vice versa. In the group as a whole, responses to salbutamol alone averaged 24%
      of the baseline FEV1 and responses to theophylline alone were 17% of baseline.
      Similar increases were observed when either drug was given after the other;
      responses to the 2 agents were additive. Responses to salbutamol were larger (p
      less than 0.05) than those to theophylline. Responses to salbutamol and
      theophylline were correlated. In 8 patients whose FEV1 increased after salbutamol
      by more than both 20% and 0.2 L, adding theophylline produced responses that were
      also large (32% baseline and 0.22 L). In the remaining 8 nonresponsive patients,
      salbutamol and theophylline were also additive, but the small (mean 10% or 0.06
      L) increases in FEV1 with theophylline raised the question of the risk benefit
      ratio of high-dose theophylline therapy in such patients.

PMID- 4051323
TI  - Respiratory responses of vigorously exercising children to 0.12 ppm ozone
      exposure.
AB  - Changes in respiratory function have been suggested for children exposed to less
      than 0.12 ppm ozone (O3) while engaged in normal activities. Because the results
      of these studies have been confounded by other variables, such as temperature or
      the presence of other pollutants or have been questioned as to the adequacy of
      exposure measurements, we determined the acute response of children exposed to
      0.12 ppm O3 in a controlled chamber environment. Twenty-three white males 8 to 11
      yr of age were exposed once to clean air and once to 0.12 ppm O3 in random order.
      Exposures were for 2.5 h and included 2 h of intermittent heavy exercise.
      Measures of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the symptom cough
      were determined prior to and after each exposure. A significant decline in FEV1
      was found after the O3 exposure compared to the air exposure, and it appeared to
      persist for 16 to 20 h. No significant increase in cough was found due to O3
      exposure. Forced vital capacity, specific airways resistance, respiratory
      frequency, tidal volume, and other symptoms were measured in a secondary
      exploratory analysis of this study.

PMID- 4051324
TI  - Loss of alveolar attachments in smokers. A morphometric correlate of lung
      function impairment.
AB  - We studied post-mortem 9 nonsmokers' lungs and 9 smokers' lungs as well as 14
      surgical smokers' lungs to examine the possible relationship of the number of
      alveolar attachments with airways inflammation and with lung function. Alveolar
      attachments are the alveolar walls radially attached to the small airways, and
      any discontinuity or rupture of these alveolar walls was considered abnormal.
      Normal and abnormal attachments were counted in nonsmokers and smokers and
      expressed as number of attachments, distance between attachments, and percentage
      of abnormal attachments. Although internal small airways diameter and mean linear
      intercept were not significantly different between smokers of either group and
      nonsmokers, significant differences in number of attachments (p less than 0.001),
      distance between attachments (p less than 0.01), and percentage of abnormal
      attachments (p less than 0.01) were found. The 3 indexes of alveolar attachments
      correlated significantly with the score for airways inflammation and with the
      elastic recoil pressure in smokers. No significant correlation with any other
      lung function test was found. We conclude that smokers have fewer alveolar
      attachments than do nonsmokers, and that the loss of alveolar attachments
      represents an early stage in the destruction of lung parenchyma, and is probably
      linked to inflammation of the small airways. Because of the strategic situation
      of this lesion, it could be responsible in part for the loss of elastic recoil
      seen in the initial stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

PMID- 4051325
TI  - Newborn rabbit alveolar macrophages are deficient in two microbicidal cationic
      peptides, MCP-1 and MCP-2.
AB  - Adult rabbit alveolar macrophages (AM) contain 2 cationic peptides with a broad
      spectrum of antimicrobial activity in vitro against bacteria, fungi, and some
      enveloped viruses. We determined the amounts of both peptides qualitatively in 1
      day-old (1d), 7-day-old (7d), 21-day-old (21d), and adult rabbit AM and found
      that 1d AM were deficient in both peptides. The levels of MCP-1 extractable from
      AM were quantitated relative to known standards of purified peptides and were
      found to increase 6-fold between 1d and 21d AM. Adult AM yielded 9 times as much
      MCP-1 as did 1d AM despite nearly the same acid-extractable protein content per
      cell. Using immunoperoxidase techniques we showed that the deficiency of MCP-1
      and MCP-2 involves 1d AM uniformly and that all AM 7 days or older have
      detectable MCP. Seven-day-old AM (and to a lesser extent 1d AM) incorporated 35S
      cysteine into intracellular MCP in cell culture, indicating that AM actively
      synthesize these peptides. The deficiency of these antimicrobial substances may
      contribute to functional immaturity of newborn rabbit AM.

PMID- 4051326
TI  - Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis.
AB  - We report a case of pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis affecting a 35-yr-old
      Caucasian woman. Progressive pulmonary hypertension was documented by serial
      cardiac catheterizations, and pulmonary function studies showed changes
      suggestive of chronic pulmonary congestion. Although a difficult condition to
      diagnose during life as it may mimic veno-occlusive disease, capillary
      hemangiomatosis has a distinct histopathologic picture.

PMID- 4051327
TI  - Shrinking lungs, diaphragmatic dysfunction, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - One of the more unusual respiratory manifestations of systemic lupus
      erythematosus is "shrinking lungs." We report a patient with this syndrome and
      provide evidence for this being due to diaphragm dysfunction. Significant
      improvement occurred after albuterol therapy, providing new possibilities in the
      treatment of this syndrome. This is the first report in humans supporting animal
      work demonstrating that beta-agonists can improve diaphragmatic performance.

PMID- 4051329
TI  - Blastomycosis and cutaneous trauma.

PMID- 4051328
TI  - Sleep apnea and the Arnold-Chiari malformation.
AB  - We present a polysomnogram-documented report of central sleep apnea (427 events)
      and moderately severe decreases in arterial oxygen saturation (to 81%) associated
      with the Arnold-Chiari malformation (ACM). Daytime hypersomnolence and other
      symptoms had significantly impaired our patient's work performance. After
      surgical correction of the ACM, there was marked improvement in symptomatology. A
      post-surgery polysomnogram revealed marked improvement in the number of central
      apneas (74 events) and only mild decreases in oxygen saturation (to 94%).

PMID- 4051330
TI  - Preoperative serum creatinine as a predictor of survival in perforated
      gastroduodenal ulcer.
AB  - Factors affecting survival were retrospectively analyzed in 89 patients (50 men)
      operated upon for perforated peptic ulcer. Mean age was 52 years. Only 18 per
      cent had no history of significant medical illness; almost 26 per cent were
      termed immune suppressed from high-dose steroid therapy or the presence of
      diffuse, metastatic cancer. The estimated interval between perforation and
      operation was over 24 hours in one-third. Preoperative serum creatinine,
      determined in 83 patients, ranged from 0.1 to 6.4 mg/dl (mean, 1.5 mg/dl); no
      patients were dialysis-dependent. At celiotomy, 75 per cent underwent ulcer
      plication only; the remainder had a definitive acid reduction procedure. Stepwise
      logistic regression analysis revealed that a normal preoperative serum creatinine
      (less than 1.5 mg/dl) was the most powerful predictor of survival (P less than
      0.00001), followed by absence of immune suppression, and age under 60 years. The
      interval between perforation and operation, the site of perforation, and the type
      of operation did not statistically affect survival.

PMID- 4051331
TI  - Changes in the surgical treatment of acid peptic disease.
AB  - The surgical treatment of acid peptic disease at Hennpin County Medical Center
      (Minneapolis, MN) during two time periods separated by a 12-year interval was
      reviewed. In comparing the more recent period with the earlier, the following was
      observed: 1) total number of operations decreased by one-third, but the number of
      emergency operations was the same; 2) overall operative mortality did not change
      even though more patients in the recent period had associated systemic disease;
      3) the location of ulcers did not change; 4) hemorrhage, as an indication for
      emergency surgery, increased both relatively and absolutely; and 5) the preferred
      surgical procedure during both periods was vagotomy and antrectomy, but vagotomy
      and drainage was done with increased frequency in the more recent period. During
      both time periods, emergency surgery was associated with almost a tenfold
      increase in operative mortality.

PMID- 4051332
TI  - Achalasia mimicking peptic esophageal stricture.
AB  - Peptic stricture of the esophagus and achalasia both cause dysphagia. They are
      not always readily distinguished by history. The usual workup with upper
      gastrointestinal x ray and endoscopy may also fail to differentiate the two
      disorders. Two cases are presented wherein antireflux procedures were mistakenly
      performed when achalasia was present rather than peptic stricture. Dysphagia was
      unrelieved and extensive further procedures were required. In a third patient
      referred for a peptic stricture, manometry revealed the correct diagnosis and
      heller myotomy provided relief. It is recommended that manometry be performed as
      a part of the preoperative workup in patients in whom there is any element of
      dysphagia.

PMID- 4051333
TI  - Use of thoracic aortobifemoral artery bypass grafting as an alternative procedure
      for occlusive aortoiliac disease.
AB  - A descending thoracic aortobifemoral artery bypass graft is proposed as an
      alternative procedure for revascularization of the lower extremities when an
      intra-abdominal approach is not feasible or is ill-advised. Three patients
      underwent a thoracobifemoral graft because of severe cardiopulmonary disease
      combined with multiple prior abdominal surgeries, complications of radiation, and
      sepsis. Patency of the aortobifemoral grafts was documented by palpable pulses
      and increased ankle: brachial ratios improving from 0.3 to 0.6, resulting in the
      relief of rest pain and obviating a limb-threatening situation.

PMID- 4051335
TI  - Incidence of malignancy in peripheral lymph node biopsy.
AB  - A review was made of 62 lymph node biopsy procedures during a 12-month period,
      from January 1, 1982, to December 31, 1982. The overall diagnostic yield was 56.5
      per cent. Malignant lymph nodes were found in 53.2 per cent of cases. Seventy-two
      and two-tenths per cent (72.2%) of all malignant lymph nodes were metastatic
      carcinoma, including 6.1 per cent of metastatic lymph nodes with unknown primary.
      Twenty-seven and three-tenths per cent (27.3%) of all malignant lymph nodes
      belonged to the lymphoma-leukemia group. Among all the superficial lymph node
      regions, enlarged supraclavicular lymph nodes are associated with the highest
      incidence (75%) of malignancy. Clinical features associated with high incidence
      malignancy were: age greater than 55 years (75.8%), duration of less than 1 month
      (66.6%)--particularly, with a history of previous malignancy (91.7%). The
      anatomic knowledge of regional lymphatic drainage is essential in localizing the
      primary lesion of a metastatic lymph node.

PMID- 4051334
TI  - Comparison of cefamandole and carbenicillin in preventing sepsis following
      penetrating abdominal trauma.
AB  - One hundred and five patients with penetrating abdominal injuries were treated
      with single-antibiotic regimens. Forty-seven patients were treated with
      intravenous (IV) cefamandole and for comparison 58 patients were treated with IV
      carbenicillin previously shown to be effective against postoperative infections
      associated with abdominal trauma. The overall incidence of deep infection on a
      single antibiotic therapy was 8.6 per cent, including two patients on cefamandole
      alone (4.3%) and seven (12.1%) on carbenicillin alone. One in each antibiotic
      group died of sepsis with a total mortality of 1.9 per cent. The authors
      concluded that cefamandole when used alone was found to be safe and more
      effective than carbenicillin alone in preventing sepsis in patients with
      abdominal trauma.

PMID- 4051336
TI  - Lipolymph nodes of the mesentery.
AB  - Although lipolymph nodes have previously involved only pelvic or retroperitoneal
      lymph nodes, two patients are presented with lipolymph nodes involving the
      intestinal mesentery. The definitive diagnoses were made by exploratory
      laparotomy and multiple biopsies of intrabdominal lymph nodes. Both patients with
      lipolymph nodes are obese, middle-aged, and female, which is the typical clinical
      presentation. The microscopic picture is distinctive. The lymph nodes are
      entirely replaced by adipose tissue and have a thin outer rim of nodal tissue.
      The patient with a diagnosis of lipolymph nodes of the mesentery or the pelvis
      and retroperitoneum should receive conservative surgical treatment. Since the
      disease appears to have a benign course, surgical extirpation of abnormal lymph
      nodes is not needed or warranted.

PMID- 4051337
TI  - Rectosigmoid perforations in homosexual patients.
AB  - Five cases of rectosigmoid injury in homosexual males are presented. Early
      diagnosis based upon an index of suspicion and supported by careful history and
      physical examination and roentgenography led to prompt surgical intervention and
      resulted in low morbidity.

PMID- 4051338
TI  - A simplified technique for gastric and duodenal decompression for duodenal
      injuries.
AB  - A simplified effective method of the decompression for use after repair of
      duodenal injuries is described. A Moss esophagogastric decompression tube is
      inserted as a gastrostomy to provide decompression of stomach and duodenum
      through a single tube. In addition, the complications associated with long-term
      nasogastric tube drainage are avoided.

PMID- 4051340
TI  - [Schonlein-Henoch syndrome: review of a series of 142 cases].
AB  - Clinical and laboratory findings in 142 children with Schonlein-Henoch syndrome
      are studied. The children were diagnosed during a ten-year period (1974-1984).
      Purpura, as more significant clinical finding, was observed in all patients,
      followed by articular signs (61.2%), abdominal complaints (57.7%), renal signs
      (30.2%) and testicular (4.2%). IgA, IgG, IgM, complement and cryoglobulin
      alterations, are remarkable factors to assume an immunologic origin for the
      syndrome.

PMID- 4051339
TI  - [Problems of neonatal screening for hypothyroidism in the very low birth-weight
      neonate].
AB  - 21,013 newborns were screened on the first year of a neonatal screening program
      on congenital hypothyroidism in the Basque Community. The evaluation of the
      results showed some points of interest. One of them, would be the high analytical
      retesting rate needed in the screening of very low-birth weight children. The
      rate decreased with increasing birth-weight. Forty per cent of the children with
      a birth-weight lower than 1,000 gr needed retesting. The rate decreased to 7.7%
      at birth-weights between 1,001 and 1,500 gr, to 2% at birth weights between 1,501
      and 2,500 gr and only to 0,42% at birth-weights higher than 2,501 gr. The
      consequences of these results are discussed.

PMID- 4051341
TI  - [Nephropathy of the Schoenlein-Henoch syndrome: long-term prognosis in non
      selected patients].
AB  - Nephritis plays a major role in long-term prognosis of Schonlein-Henoch syndrome.
      We have studied a group of 142 children with this syndrome; 43 (30.2%) showed
      clinical evidence of renal disease. Renal biopsy was obtained in 12 cases. A
      subgroup of 36 patients have been controlled during a much greater two years
      period. Thirty-five are asymptomatic and one with minor urinary anomalies.
      Thereafter in our experience the long-term prognosis (means = five years) of
      Schonlein-Henoch syndrome is excellent in unselected patients.

PMID- 4051342
TI  - [Cortical renal microcysts in Lowe's syndrome].
AB  - We report a familial case of Lowe's syndrome with histological and
      ultrastructural examination of the renal biopsy. The patient was an eleven years
      old boy with operated congenital bilateral cataracts, mental and psychomotor
      retardation, hyperexcitability, muscular hypotonia, proteinuria, generalised
      aminoaciduria, proximal tubular acidosis and reduced glomerular filtrate. The
      renal biopsy showed, in addition to the alterations in the glomerular corpuscle
      (mesangial proliferation), proximal tubules (atrophy, dilatation, hyalinous or
      calcerous cylindres and mitochondrial abnormalities) and interstitium (fibrosis,
      lymphocytic infiltrate), large number of cortical microcysts, many of with
      corresponded to Bowman's cystic capsules with small glomeruloid projections.

PMID- 4051343
TI  - [Anthropometric characteristics of adolescents with primary epiphysiolysis].
AB  - The authors have studied five cases of adolescents, four girls and one boy,
      affected of slipped capital femoral epiphysis, aged between twelve and fourteen
      years. They describe some clinical particularities and the analytical findings.
      The anthropometrical studies confirm that slipped capital femoral epiphysis is an
      entity observed in adolescents with overweight and obesity. The parameter showing
      fat, at the braquial and body level, are over two standard deviation of the local
      normal patterns.

PMID- 4051344
TI  - [Branchial cysts and fistulas].
AB  - Branchial anomalies constitute an interesting problem in pediatric surgery. Fifty
      two cases treated at our hospital are reviewed. Forty-eight of them were 2nd arch
      anomalies and the remainder four, 1st arch anomalies. Pathological findings
      include 11 cysts, 19 fistulas, 13 sinuses and nine miscellaneous. Treatment was
      operative in all cases and we found just one recurrence in a patient previously
      operated in other hospital. Histological studies showed the typical pattern,
      except in those cases with infection, where epithelium is often difficult to see.

PMID- 4051345
TI  - [Idiopathic perforation of the gallbladder in the neonatal period].

PMID- 4051346
TI  - [Post-transfusion non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema].

PMID- 4051347
TI  - International Conference on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. 14-17 April 1985,
      Atlanta, Georgia.

PMID- 4051348
TI  - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Haiti.
AB  - Two hundred twenty-nine patients in Haiti with the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome were studied between 1979 and 1984. The clinical spectrum of the
      syndrome in Haitians was similar in most aspects to that in patients with the
      disease in the United States. However, in contrast to findings in the United
      States, accepted risk factors (bisexuality, blood transfusions, intravenous drug
      abuse) were identified in only 43% of Haitian patients. Patients in Haiti with
      and without these risk factors were similar to each other but differed from age-
      and sex-matched siblings and friends in the number of heterosexual contacts and
      receipt of intramuscular injections. These latter activities were commoner in
      patients than in their siblings and friends, and represent potential modes of
      transmission of infection with the human T-lymphotropic virus type III.

PMID- 4051349
TI  - The clinical spectrum of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: implications for
      comprehensive patient care.
AB  - The clinical spectrum of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is broad
      and presents unique challenges to the health care system. Among the challenges
      are the unusual presentations, unexpected complications, psychosocial sequelae,
      and poor outcome of patients with the syndrome. From our experience with hundreds
      of patients at the San Francisco General Hospital, we propose a system for
      optimal care for patients with AIDS that requires a high degree of planning and
      commitment by hospitals and health care providers. In this model, rigid
      subspecialization is avoided, outpatient care is stressed, and community
      involvement is solicited. In these ways we can hope to improve the care of
      patients with AIDS and learn lessons that should be important in other illnesses
      as well.

PMID- 4051350
TI  - Risk reduction for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among intravenous drug
      users.
AB  - Intravenous drug users are the second largest risk group for the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and a bridge to two other groups: children and
      heterosexual partners. In the absence of effective treatment or vaccines, control
      of the epidemic among drug users will rely on efforts to reduce needle sharing.
      However, the traditional image of intravenous drug users leads one to expect
      little or no risk reduction. We review characteristics of AIDS as a disease that
      impede efforts at risk reduction among drug users and report on current risk
      reduction among intravenous drug users in New York City. There has been a
      sustained increase in the demand for new, unused needles, as shown in the
      emergence of "resealed" needles and in interviews with persons selling needles in
      illicit drug-purchasing areas.

PMID- 4051351
TI  - The psychosocial and neuropsychiatric sequelae of the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome and related disorders.
AB  - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and its related conditions are a
      public health problem of unprecedented proportions due to the debilitating and
      fatal nature of the disease, the sociocultural implications related to contagion,
      and its initial appearance in certain socially stigmatized groups. The ability of
      patients to tolerate the consequences of the disease depends on their
      psychological ability to cope based on emotional strength and the availability of
      social support. The psychological and social impact of AIDS may result in
      psychiatric symptoms similar to those seen in other life-threatening diseases,
      including anxiety, depression, and delirium. Neurologic complications are
      frequent, the commonest being an encephalopathy and dementia that is poorly
      understood. It is difficult in the early stages of AIDS to separate reactive
      depression and psychomotor retardation from symptoms associated with central
      nervous system complications. Guidelines are needed to manage the psychological
      problems posed by AIDS and its related conditions.

PMID- 4051352
TI  - Psychosocial reactions of persons with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - The psychosocial impact of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) on
      patients follows the situational distress model of crisis, transitional state,
      and deficiency state. Repeated crises in AIDS modify this reaction, and patients
      may experience a final adjustment, the preparation for death. Additional
      psychosocial problems are caused by the intensified prejudice against homosexual
      men and drug addicts. Society itself has been disrupted by the new information
      about sexual behavior that has been brought to light by AIDS, indicating that
      primitive sexual taboos still influence modern society. Understanding the various
      psychosocial reactions to AIDS offers opportunities for social progress and
      personal growth.

PMID- 4051353
TI  - Social consequences of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - Awareness of the pertinent psychosocial dimensions of the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) provides researchers and clinicians with an
      understanding of factors impinging on their relationships with persons at risk
      for this disease. These observations are made from the standpoint of the American
      Association of Physicians for Human Rights, a national organization of gay
      physicians that serves as an advocate in improving health care for gay men and
      lesbians. Fear and uncertainty in patient care and prognosis as well as loss of
      confidentiality are among the stresses on gay men with AIDS. Injudicious "expert"
      pronouncements and sensational stories in the media heighten the fear of persons
      at risk for the disease as well as the fear and prejudice of the general
      community. Members of all communities, both heterosexual and gay, scientific and
      lay, should work together to eliminate social ignorance about AIDS.

PMID- 4051354
TI  - Implications of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome for health policy.
AB  - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has spread rapidly through the high
      risk population and has created fear and anxiety. The health policy implications
      of such a disorder are difficult to assess because the disease was totally
      unknown until a few years ago and because it occurs primarily in homosexual men
      and intravenous drug users. The latter factor has raised sociopolitical issues
      not present in other epidemics. Detection and surveillance systems, capabilities
      for prompt and effective scientific response, central coordination of scientific
      efforts, public information mechanisms, role definitions, and guidelines for
      funding are needed. The scientific community must study this epidemic and the
      total societal response to it with a view towards being better prepared in the
      future.

PMID- 4051355
TI  - Ethical dilemmas in caring for patients with the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome.
AB  - Caring for patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) raises
      ethical dilemmas about when to provide life-sustaining treatments such as
      mechanical ventilation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In addition, many
      patients become mentally incompetent and unable to participate in decisions.
      Homosexual men may want their lover or a friend to make decisions for them, but
      the patient's partner or friend cannot make these decisions unless he is legally
      designated. Decision-making guidelines may be hard to implement because caring
      for patients with AIDS is stressful. We describe three cases that illustrate the
      difficult ethical dilemmas and stresses of caring for these patients.

PMID- 4051356
TI  - Ovarian cancer: new therapeutic concepts, renewed optimism.

PMID- 4051357
TI  - Diagnostic thoracentesis and pleural biopsy in pleural effusions. Health and
      Public Policy Committee, American College of Physicians.

PMID- 4051358
TI  - Quadriplegia, orthostatic hypotension, and phenelzine with tyramine.

PMID- 4051359
TI  - Transdermal nitrate, penile erection, and spousal headache.

PMID- 4051360
TI  - Palmar-plantar skin changes and cytarabine.

PMID- 4051361
TI  - Ion-selective electrodes and inaccurate serum sodium measurements.

PMID- 4051362
TI  - Antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen.

PMID- 4051363
TI  - Intranasal desmopressin in mild hemophilia.

PMID- 4051364
TI  - Pulmonary lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, and pleural
      effusion.

PMID- 4051365
TI  - Temporal arteritis with normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

PMID- 4051366
TI  - Response of mononuclear cells to Borrelia burgdorferi.

PMID- 4051367
TI  - Internal medicine and training in allergy.

PMID- 4051368
TI  - Metoclopramide and asthma.

PMID- 4051369
TI  - Shakespeare or Krebs?: premedical education.

PMID- 4051370
TI  - Study design: two standards?

PMID- 4051371
TI  - [Th importance of spectral analysis in the evaluation of the effects of magnetic
      pulsed fields on alpha rhythm].
AB  - By means of spectral analysis, this research of alpha rhythm's modifications upon
      effects of electromagnetic fields makes conspicuous an increasing frequency and
      amplitude of this rhythm, proportionally to the time passage, and proposes
      questions and interpretations.

PMID- 4051372
TI  - [Survivor's guilt syndrome].

PMID- 4051373
TI  - [How should we conceive of psychiatric care at the end of the 20th century in
      view of our current knowledge and future perspectives?].

PMID- 4051374
TI  - [Facing one's own image: use of video in the treatment of obsessional phenomena].

PMID- 4051375
TI  - [A new form of intrafamilial aggressiveness: parents beaten by their children].

PMID- 4051376
TI  - A revisit: ocular hypertension, glaucoma suspect, preglaucoma, or glaucoma?

PMID- 4051377
TI  - Endothelial loss in corneal concussion injury.
AB  - A patient who suffered a concussion injury to the cornea from blunt trauma was
      followed up by means of endothelial photography for seven months. The endothelial
      cell loss resulting from this injury was almost 50%. Concussion injury to the
      cornea can cause significant endothelial damage instead of a transient
      dysfunction.

PMID- 4051378
TI  - Inflammatory pseudohistoplasmosis.
AB  - In patients with multifocal choroiditis, presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome
      (POHS) is often diagnosed. However, POHS typically is not associated with
      inflammatory activity in the ocular media. A group of patients had a pattern of
      multifocal choroidal spots reminiscent of POHS with active signs of inflammation
      in the anterior and vitreous chambers. Of the 28 patients, 43% were black. In
      addition to inflammation, many patients had peripapillary atrophy (39%) or
      diskiform macular scars (32%). Of those with diskiform scars, 33% were black.
      Systemically, 32% of the patients were presumed to have sarcoidosis; 29%,
      tuberculosis; 11%, syphilis; and 28%, no etiology. In some cases, treatment of
      the underlying disease resulted in improvement of the ocular findings.
      Inflammatory pseudohistoplasmosis syndrome appears to be a nonspecific response
      to a number of uveitic syndromes, including sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, and
      syphilis.

PMID- 4051379
TI  - Unilateral megalocornea in lamellar ichthyosis.
AB  - The case report of a 16-month-old girl with lamellar ichthyosis and unilateral
      megalocornea is presented. This is a previously unrecorded association and the
      first report of a unilateral megalocornea in a female.

PMID- 4051381
TI  - Blood pressure screening.

PMID- 4051380
TI  - The Parsons visual acuity test for screening children 18 to 48 months old.
AB  - The Parsons visual acuity test (PVAT) uses modified Allen test targets for visual
      acuity assessment in young children and persons who are difficult to test. Using
      this method, we were able to obtain a visual acuity threshold in 44% of 18- to 24
      month-old children and in 90% of children aged 25 to 36 months. At all ages
      tested, the mode for visual acuity was 20/30; however, the percentage of those
      with 20/20 increased with age. The decision whether to refer was correctly made
      by means of the PVAT criterion 83% of the time.

PMID- 4051382
TI  - Outpatient cataract surgery by ophthalmology residents in a county hospital.
AB  - As more people come to depend on public hospitals for health care, fewer
      inpatient beds are available for elective ocular surgery. At our county hospital,
      ophthalmology residents with faculty supervision have successfully performed
      cataract surgery on an outpatient basis. The postoperative outcomes of these
      outpatients are similar to those of a corresponding inpatient population.
      Outpatient cataract surgery can preserve the quality of patient care while
      providing potential advantages.

PMID- 4051383
TI  - Retinal evaluation and treatment after refractive corneal surgery.
AB  - Refractive corneal surgery (a collective term used to describe a variety of
      surgical procedures that alter the refractive status of the eye through the
      surgical modification of corneal curvature) shows promise for use in situations
      where current methods of optical correction do not meet the patient's needs. This
      article reviews our experiences with the retinal evaluation of patients who have
      undergone corneal refractive surgery and offers recommendations for the treatment
      of retinal pathology after such surgery.

PMID- 4051384
TI  - Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with subretinal exudates.
AB  - Two young patients with probable longstanding traumatic retinal detachments
      underwent successful surgical repair. Dramatic subretinal exudates and
      crystalline material gradually resorbed; however, poor final vision resulted. No
      predisposing condition other than the longstanding retinal detachments was noted
      in these patients.

PMID- 4051385
TI  - Determination of corneal thickness using ultrasonic pachometry.

PMID- 4051386
TI  - Retinoblastoma presenting as a total hyphema.
AB  - Retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular malignancy of childhood, presents in
      many patterns, typically as the easily recognizable signs of leukokoria,
      glaucoma, strabismus, or vision loss. A small percentage manifest as other more
      common diagnoses. These more unusual signs can involve any portion of the eye
      segment, including the orbit and lids, the anterior segment, and the posterior
      segment, as well as produce systemic illness. This paper deals with the first
      reported case of retinoblastoma presenting as a spontaneous total hyphema.
      Accurate diagnosis of similar situations can only be made by means of a high
      index of suspicion of malignancy and the use of diagnostic tests such as
      ultrasound and computed axial tomographic scanning.

PMID- 4051387
TI  - [Unusual zones of osteitis detected during salvage tympanoplasty].
AB  - Three patients were noted to have unusual zones of osteitis during salvage
      myringoplasty. The first case involved the whole upper wall of the bony canal and
      was camouflaged by a weeping mucopolypoid carpet. In the second case there was a
      wide zone of osteitis of the posterosuperior angle of the canal and another
      smaller zone in the anteroinferior tympanic region. The osteitis in the third
      case had invaded the total mastoid cortex producing a vast plaque of superficial
      osteitis which could be removed without difficulty. Diffuse osteomatous reaction
      of the wall of the canal had resulted. In all three cases a salvage myringoplasty
      was possible after elimination of the osteitic lesions, although a glue ear
      persisted with a punctiform perforation in one patient, suggesting tubal
      dysfunction.

PMID- 4051388
TI  - [Schematization of the endaural approach].

PMID- 4051389
TI  - [Early diffuse hypertrophic osteitis recurrence. Unexpected and consternating
      development after a large evidement cavity. Apropos of 15 cases].
AB  - The authors report 15 cases collected over a period of 13 years (1972 - 1984) of
      a particularly serious eventuality affecting certain evacuation cavities: Early
      recurrence of diffuse hypertrophic osteitis (E.R.D.H.O.). This is a rare
      complication, occurring in 1.5% of cases of chronic otitis. However, the fact of
      having operated upon 7 cases in 1984 alone, whilst during the previous 12 years,
      only 8 had been seen, raised the alarm. The classical pattern of this
      complication occurs in 3 stages, each involving surgical operation: at the
      outset, chronic otitis with cholesteatoma or osteitis, most often mixed, for
      which an "inadequate" surgical procedure is performed. then, after a variable
      period which may exceed 10 years, a very large evacuation cavity was created by
      the authors. finally, 3rd and final stage: within 6 months, this cavity filled
      progressively and, at operation, the authors discovered a cavity virtually
      completely filled with a "fantastic" "moist sugar" osteitis, requiring a new
      evacuation cavity, even larger than that created before. In all cases, a
      successful result was obtained within a varying period, sometimes accompanied by
      spectacular improvement in general condition. The most plausible etiopathogenic
      hypothesis advanced to attempt to explain this phenomenon is that of secondary
      infection by a varied microbial flora, including, on the one hand, aerobic
      organisms usually discovered in such cases (pseudomonas pyocyaneus, proteus
      mirabilis) and, secondly, this being of essential importance, "anaerobic"
      bacteria, the bacteriological diagnosis of which requires application of a strict
      protocol. The authors have taken three decisions following their bibliographic
      investigations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4051390
TI  - [Osteomatous chronic otitis. 27 new cases. 2 new forms].
AB  - The authors report 27 new cases of osteomatous chronic otitis, with (15) or
      without (12) cholesteatomas, with perforated (13) or intact (14) drum, the latter
      sometimes having a very atypical appearance (2), frankly purulent or simply
      inflammatory. This results in a wide range of clinical appearances. There are two
      macroscopic forms: the diffuse attico-antral form and localized forms (drum -
      C.S.C.L.). The authors emphasize: the primordial interest of tomography (or CT
      scan), the keystone of their discovery, as well as the dangers of their surgical
      treatment. In addition to review of these known concepts, two forms have been
      identified: 1) Osteomatous attico-chain monoblock, where the ossicles of the ear
      are adherent in their entirety, either to the external attical wall or, much more
      rarely, to the medial attical wall. They describe 13 cases, the pattern of which
      is very different, according to whether the diagnosis is one of cholesteatomatous
      chronic otitis or not. In the absence of cholesteatoma (8 cases), the clinical
      picture is suggestive of otospongiosis or of chronic otitis with intact drum. The
      surgical procedure is related to these findings: 1 completion of myringoplasty, 7
      piston-malleus. In cases of cholesteatomatous chronic otitis (5 cases), the
      picture is completely different, the cholesteatoma developing at leisure, behind
      the impenetrable osteomatous shield. Once again, the surgical procedure is
      modified: 4 vast evacuation cavities and one mastoatticotomy for giant
      cholesteatoma with intact drum. 2) Diffuse and "progressive" osteomatous stenosis
      of the walls of the E.A.M. The authors describe 6 cases occurring either during
      cholesteatomatous chronic otitis, or within a few weeks, simulating chronic
      otitis with intact drum.

PMID- 4051391
TI  - [Involvement of the tympanic bone in chronic otitis (44 cases)].
AB  - 44 cases of tympanic involvement in the context of chronic otitis are described.
      34 occurred during active chronic otitis. This is a rare possibility
      (approximately 4% of our own cases of chronic otitis). The following may be
      mentioned amongst them: 21 cases of osteitis, for which the following concepts
      should be borne in mind: the extreme severity of the chronic otitis responsible,
      in most instances, ears which had undergone multiple surgery (17/21), lesions
      exclusively of osteitis, but very extensive in 2/3 of cases (14/21). 7 cases of
      osteolytic disease, occurring severe or atypical cholesteatomatous chronic otitis
      and quite often involving associated osteolysis affecting the main VII, the
      promontory, the bulb of the internal jugular vein, or even the carotid canal. 4
      cases of diffuse sub-obstructive osteomatous disease of the walls of the E.A.M.,
      "progressive" development of which over several months was noted in 3 cases.
      Finally, 2 cases of mixed disease: (osteitis--osteomatoma and osteitis-
      osteolysis). 8 cases occurred following myringoplasty: this is a rare eventuality
      (approximately 1%), 1 case only of osteolysis due to iatrogenic cholesteatoma, 7
      cases of osteitis, either highly localized and not preventing further
      myringoplasty (4 cases), or very extensive, finally resulting in a vast
      evacuation cavity. In 2 cases, a malformation is the origin of involvement of the
      tympanic at the origin of chronic otitis was felt probable, without it being
      possible to reach any definite conclusion concerning auriculobranchial fistula or
      Huschke foramen.

PMID- 4051392
TI  - [Changes in bone conduction in the surgery of chronic otitis and its sequelae
      (evaluation of 800 operations)].
AB  - The authors undertook a study of changes in bone conduction (BC) during 800
      operations carried out over a 5 years period (1979-1984) for chronic otitis or
      sequelae of chronic otitis. After elimination of ears with deafness (47) and
      cases unsuitable for evaluation (39), they finally included 714 records in the
      study. Only comparison of free and post-operative BC was made and using 4
      conversational frequencies, not taking into account a deviation of 5 DB for each
      of these 4 frequencies. The study involved 317 myringoplasties: In 271 (i.e.
      85,5%) there was no change in BC. Amongst them, 37 patients nevertheless showed a
      transient fall in BC. Of particular importance is the fact that almost 1/3 (11 to
      be exact) recovered only during the 2nd semester following surgery, a period
      which was even exceeded in the other 5 cases. 46 (i.e. 14.5%) were classified as
      "permanent" falls in BC. Amongst these in only 17 (i.e. 5%) were there "only" the
      three standard aggression factors for the I.O.: aspiration--scraping-
      manipulation of the tympano-ossicular system, without it being possible to
      attribute a predominant role to one more than the other. With regard to reaming
      of the E.A.M., those cases in which this could be considered responsible appeared
      to be infinitesimal. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant
      difference (reduced deviation test--"chi"2 test) between the number of falls in
      BC seen following myringoplasty with or without reaming. 83 tympanoplasties by
      Piston-Malleus, study of which led to the same conclusions as for
      myringoplasties. 118 masto-atticotomies, including 23 with posterior tympanotomy.
      Despite peri-labyrinthine and peri-ossicular scraping, results were essentially
      identical. 196 evacuation cavities (227-31 deafness) of which somewhat less than
      half only (46%) were ears undergoing surgery for the first time. Percentage of
      unchanged BC was here much more unfavourable, with 49 "permanent" falls in BC,
      i.e. 25%, of which, it must be said, 5 were minimal falls, and with, in 25 cases,
      a follow-up of less than 3 months.

PMID- 4051393
TI  - [Pulsatile tinnitus caused by preauricular vascular lesions of traumatic origin].
AB  - Three patients presented with pulsatile tinnitus due to post-traumatic vascular
      lesions of the preauricular region. Lesions of this type should be investigated
      routinely by auscultation since the injury may have left no cutaneous traces.

PMID- 4051394
TI  - [Rare diseases of the ear: fibrous dysplasia of the tympanic bone, extensive
      papillomatosis, ceruminoma, aspergilloma, spontaneous evidement of the tympanic
      bone].
AB  - The authors report six cases of rare ear diseases: fibrous dysplasia of the
      tympanum mimicking an partially obstructive osteoma of the external auditory
      canal. The authors draw a parallel between the rarity of these monostotic forms
      of the temporal bone which are strictly localised to a single region (tympanum
      mastoid-atrium) and the diffuse forms which involve several regions at the same
      time; extensive papillomatosis of the external and middle ear, a rare condition
      with serious repercussions; two ceruminomas with very different clinical
      presentations and outcomes; an atrial pseudo-tumoral aspergilloma which was
      easily excised ans repaired with a myringoplasty with a good long term result;
      hypoplasia of the tympanum, which constituted a spontaneous evidement, discovered
      at operation for an attic cholesteatoma. This finding was sufficiently unusual to
      warrant reporting.

PMID- 4051395
TI  - [Role of tubal insufflation in the postoperative follow-up of evidement
      cavities].
AB  - The authors report their experience of tubal insufflation in the post-operative
      care of cavity evidement. Their indications consist of evidement cavities with
      persistent residual muco-purulent otorrhoea or "glue ear" from the atrial area
      which remains thickened, while the rest of the cavity is healed (about 15% in
      their statistics). The technique is simple, consisting essentially of
      insufflations of air by means of an Itard catheter, which are repeated at regular
      intervals for a variable period of time. In some cases, drugs, in particular
      corticosteroids, are injected into the cavity via the catheter. In a series of 17
      operated patients, the authors report: 9 excellent results in which drying of the
      cavity was obtained in record time; 4 good results in which drying of the cavity
      required numerous insufflations associated with systemic treatment (vaccine
      therapy, crenotherapy); 1 moderate result with transient persistent otorrhoea; 3
      failures.

PMID- 4051396
TI  - Evaluation of choanal atresia.
AB  - A series of 65 cases of choanal atresia seen in 19 years is reviewed. We use a
      wisp of cotton fiber held under the nose and a plastic catheter passed into each
      nasal cavity to test nasal patency. Horizontal computerized tomography is
      confirmed as the radiological study of choice, and a standard endoscopic
      technique used during surgical correction is described.

PMID- 4051398
TI  - Epiglottis in reconstruction of the larynx and trachea.
AB  - Many methods have been proposed for reconstruction of the larynx and trachea. An
      ideal method would utilize tissue which is native to the area, highly viable,
      convenient to the surgeon, and expendable to the patient. This tissue should be
      composite, that is, containing both epithelium and skeletal support. This paper
      describes the use of epiglottis in repair of laryngeal and tracheal defects due
      to cancer or trauma. The methods of repair include 1) pedicled composite
      epiglottic flap, 2) free composite epiglottic graft, and 3) pedicled epiglottic
      mucosal flap. Results in 15 patients are discussed and indicate that use of the
      epiglottis is an effective method for one-stage laryngotracheal reconstruction.

PMID- 4051397
TI  - Foregut cysts presenting as neck masses. A report on three children.
AB  - This paper is a retrospective study of three patients with foregut cysts in the
      neck who were admitted for diagnosis and treatment. Foregut cysts are uncommon
      congenital defects of the developing airway and gut. They may occur from the
      mouth to the anus, and are rare in the neck. Two of the children presented with
      neck masses, the other with severe airway obstruction and subglottic and upper
      tracheal stenosis requiring a tracheotomy. The patients are presented in detail,
      and the histopathology and differential diagnosis are discussed. Surgical
      treatment is necessary to prevent airway compromise. Surgical extirpation of the
      cyst should be uncomplicated and curative.

PMID- 4051399
TI  - New mobilization and laterofixation procedure for cricoarytenoid joint ankylosis
      in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Ankylosis of the cricoarytenoid joints due to rheumatoid arthritis can cause
      severe laryngeal obstruction. With a mobilization and laterofixation procedure,
      five of six patients were successfully operated upon. Documented improvement of
      breathing was achieved and the voice function was acceptable after decannulation.

PMID- 4051401
TI  - Comparisons of tracheostomy incisions in a pediatric model.
AB  - Tracheostomy in children causes approximately twice the mortality and morbidity
      as in the adult. The occurrence of complications correlates closely with the
      severity of the preoperative tracheal disease, the length of time the
      tracheostomy is needed, and the age of the patient. Morbidity documented in the
      postoperative period includes tracheal stenosis and collapsible anterior tracheal
      wall. The increased incidence of these problems in the pediatric patient may be
      related to the less rigid nature of the younger cartilage or to partial arrest of
      the normal tracheal growth rate, and may be aggravated by the style of tracheal
      incision used. Our study utilized weanling male ferrets in an effort to evaluate
      the possibly different response of growing, less resilient cartilage to different
      types of tracheal incision. Animals were randomized into three groups based on
      the type of incision used: inferiorly based trapdoor, vertical slit, or
      horizontal H. Endoscopic, radiographic, and airflow studies, as well as cross
      sectional areas, were compared on all animals surviving tracheal cannulation for
      eight days and subsequent decannulation for seven days. Recommendations for
      pediatric tracheal incision are made on the basis of these studies.

PMID- 4051400
TI  - Anterior cricoid split: a "simple" surgical procedure and a potentially
      complicated care problem.
AB  - The anterior cricoid split (ACS) has been described as an alternative to
      tracheotomy in management of the premature infant who develops upper airway
      compromise after extubation. Sixteen patients at the Children's Hospital National
      Medical Center (CHNMC) and ten patients at four other hospitals had the ACS
      operation. For the patients at the CHNMC, average gestational age was 29 weeks,
      birth weight was 1,264 g, and length of time intubated was 6.2 weeks. Overall
      success in achieving extubation after the ACS was 69% at the CHNMC and 40% for
      the group of other hospitals. However, a success rate in achieving extubation
      after ACS was 75% for both the CHNMC and the group of other hospitals in patients
      who had become stable enough to have been previously discharged from a neonatal
      intensive care unit. Problems encountered following the ACS include malposition
      of tip of the endotracheal tube, increased need for assisted ventilation,
      myocardial infarction, subcutaneous emphysema, and unexplained inability to
      ventilate. Analysis of results suggests that the ACS is a valuable operative
      procedure that can avoid need for tracheotomy in infants with adequate pulmonary
      function who have narrowing within the airway at the subglottic level.
      Postoperative care may be problematic and the infant having had the ACS is best
      managed by an experienced team of experts who are familiar with care of the
      infant with respiratory insufficiency.

PMID- 4051402
TI  - Tidal flow measurement in the decision to decannulate the pediatric patient.
AB  - Measurements of peak inspiratory flow obtained through the tracheostomy cannula
      (MIFT) during tidal breathing were compared to peak inspiratory flow measurements
      obtained through the mouth (MIFM) in 40 children to assess physiologic readiness
      to decannulate the tracheostomized pediatric patient. Ratio of peak flow
      MIFM/MIFT was 1.40 for 34 successfully decannulated children compared to 0.83 for
      22 unsuccessful attempts (p less than 0.01). Tidal flow measurements are highly
      predictive (84%) in identifying children who are unlikely to be ready for
      decannulation. A schema is proposed to utilize tidal flow measurements as the
      first step in the decannulation process.

PMID- 4051403
TI  - Therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy in the neonatal intensive care unit.
AB  - Often the acutely ill neonate requires endoscopic intervention for deteriorating
      respiratory status in spite of vigorous pulmonary toilet. Although fiberoptic
      bronchoscopy has been suggested at times, its mechanical airway obstruction would
      preclude its use in the very sick child. Rigid endoscopy using a ventilating
      bronchoscope may be safely and effectively used in the neonatal unit for bedside
      therapy, avoiding the risk to transfer to and from an operating room. Five case
      studies are presented outlining the indications and utility of this procedure.

PMID- 4051404
TI  - Supraglottitis and concurrent Hemophilus meningitis.
AB  - Acute epiglottitis is a true pediatric emergency. The intense inflammation of the
      supraglottic larynx may completely obstruct the larynx within several hours. This
      infection is secondary to infiltration of Hemophilus influenzae type b (HIB), and
      90% to 95% of patients have positive blood cultures. During this period of
      generalized septicemia HIB involvement of other soft tissue sites may occur. The
      goal of this article is to alert otolaryngologists to the possibility of
      extraepiglottitic HIB involvement. In particular, HIB meningitis, concurrent with
      supraglottitis, will be discussed. Although the overall incidence of multiple
      site involvement is relatively low, it is important to be aware of the
      possibility, since the outcome may be significantly altered.

PMID- 4051405
TI  - Airway-obstructing epiglottic cyst.
AB  - Laryngeal cysts, particularly epiglottic cysts, are generally benign lesions
      which cause mild dysphagia or hoarseness. We report a case of an epiglottic cyst
      that caused almost complete airway obstruction. A 43-year-old man presented with
      progressive dysphagia, hoarseness, and airway obstruction secondary to a large
      cystic mass involving the entire epiglottis and filling the hypopharynx. He
      required emergency tracheotomy to secure the airway, and the cyst was incised and
      drained. Following a subsequent recurrence, laser excision of the cyst was
      performed and the problem resolved. The cystic mass was found to fill the
      valleculae, and involved the lingual and laryngeal surfaces of the epiglottis and
      the left false vocal cord. A review of laryngeal cysts is presented with emphasis
      on anatomic and embryologic considerations. The potential lethal nature of these
      lesions is emphasized.

PMID- 4051406
TI  - Effects of N-acetylcysteine on experimentally induced esophageal lye injury.
AB  - The effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the treatment of caustic alkaline injury
      to the esophagus is examined. Caustic esophageal burns were produced in rats by
      irrigation with NaOH. Stricture formation was less frequent in animals
      concurrently treated with either steroids (48%) or NAC (48%) than in control
      animals that received only the alkaline injury (74%). In addition, the severity
      of stenosis was less in drug-treated rats. Thirty percent of strictures in
      control animals were severe (3 +) compared to 6% in the NAC group and 7% in the
      steroid group. Both NAC and steroids would seem to ameliorate the tissue reaction
      to chemical injury as well as temper the degree of stenosis formation.
      Possibility of synergistic effects warrants future investigation.

PMID- 4051407
TI  - Transtracheal catheter technique for pulmonary rehabilitation.
AB  - In over 100 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, continuous oxygen
      therapy has been provided for up to 4 years using Micro-Trach percutaneous
      transtracheal catheters less than 2.0 mm in diameter. Successful rehabilitation
      has been achieved. Advances in materials, insertion technique, and protocols have
      simplified patient management. Complications occasionally encountered are
      bleeding, infection, subcutaneous emphysema, increased mucus production, and
      catheter failure or displacement. Long-term delivery of supplemental oxygen
      directly into the tracheobronchial tree eliminates the oxygen loss through the
      oral and nasal orifices that occurs when a nasal cannula is used. This closed
      system permits maintenance of therapeutic arterial blood levels with improved
      efficiency, greater comfort, and increased activity. The elimination of nasal
      irritation and cosmetic objections caused by nasal cannulas increases patient
      compliance, resulting in uninterrupted 24-hour-a-day oxygen use as indicated. The
      technique of inserting a transtracheal catheter and postinsertion management are
      discussed in detail.

PMID- 4051408
TI  - Delayed aerodigestive tract complications following combined therapy for thyroid
      cancer.
AB  - Radical surgery for papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid has been associated
      with a significant incidence of complications. In some instances, postoperative
      irradiation is given when there is some suspicion of persistent or occult
      disease, although thyroid suppression and ablative radioiodine therapy have
      proved to be very effective adjuvants to surgery. Three patients with papillary
      adenocarcinoma of the thyroid developed severe, delayed complications 25, 7, and
      2 years, respectively, after treatment with primary radical surgery and
      postoperative irradiation. The degree of injury to the aerodigestive tract as a
      result of the surgery and irradiation therapy makes treatment difficult
      regardless of the modality. The possible mechanisms that cause these
      complications, along with proposed methods of treatment, are discussed.

PMID- 4051409
TI  - Differentiating upper from lower airway compromise in neonates.
AB  - Technologic advancements and improvements in supportive care have resulted in
      increased survival of very low birth weight and premature infants. With salvage
      of these high risk newborns, many difficult management problems arise.
      Respiratory distress of the newborn is the most common airway problem that
      affects these patients and subglottic edema or stenosis may frequently complicate
      management of the airway. Decision-making in airway maintenance and respiratory
      care can be problematic due to multiple factors that must be considered. The
      otolaryngologist is often consulted when upper airway obstruction is suspected.
      Relevant respiratory physiology is reviewed in order to help direct therapeutic
      decision-making. Parameters of assessment are enumerated and methods for choosing
      among therapeutic alternatives are presented. A paradigm to aid in differential
      diagnosis is described.

PMID- 4051410
TI  - Effect of gastric acid on the pathogenesis of subglottic stenosis.
AB  - A case of subglottic stenosis, recalcitrant to conventional therapy, was
      associated with asymptomatic aspiration of gastric acid into the larynx. Once the
      reflux was controlled by use of an antacid regimen and an H2 blocker, the
      subglottic stenosis resolved and the patient could be decannulated. This case led
      to the use of an experimental canine model of subglottic stenosis to examine
      gastric acid as a pathogenic factor in the development of subglottic stenosis. In
      control animals, mucosal lesions healed without development of stenosis. In
      experimental animals with mucosal lesions painted with gastric acid, subglottic
      stenosis developed. When perichondrium and cartilage were violated and gastric
      acid applied, stenosis was even more severe and developed more rapidly.

PMID- 4051411
TI  - Transsphenoidal encephalocele.

PMID- 4051412
TI  - Monoptic pendulum tracking in electronystagmography (ENG)

PMID- 4051413
TI  - [Anesthesia for emergency medical procedures in children].

PMID- 4051414
TI  - [Diagnosis of pulmonary infection by distal bronchial swabs in artificially
      ventilated children].

PMID- 4051415
TI  - [Diagnosis of bronchopulmonary infections in children in intensive care units.
      Bacteriologic comparison of tracheo-bronchial secretions and post-mortem
      pulmonary biopsy].

PMID- 4051416
TI  - [Severe staphylococcal infection in children. Study of 28 cases].

PMID- 4051417
TI  - [Acute codeine poisoning in children (the role of naloxone in toxicology)].

PMID- 4051418
TI  - [Long-term prognosis of states of prolonged convulsive disorders. Apropos of 29
      cases of states of convulsive disorders in excess of 24 hours].

PMID- 4051419
TI  - [Outcome of skull injuries with severe coma in children hospitalized in pediatric
      intensive care units].

PMID- 4051420
TI  - [Percutaneous approach to the femoral vein in children. Value in hemodialysis,
      plasma exchange and exchange transfusion].

PMID- 4051421
TI  - Preoperative percutaneous localisation of parathyroid tumours: a preliminary
      report.
AB  - Uncomplicated bilateral percutaneous subclavian venous sampling for parathormone
      estimation was performed preoperatively in 10 patients with primary
      hyperparathyroidism. In 7 cases there was correlation of the higher parathormone
      level with the side of the parathyroid tumour subsequently found at operation. In
      conjunction with the "Tibblin strategy of unilateral parathyroidectomy" (1) a
      dual approach is suggested that may provide a simple, accurate method of treating
      patients with hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 4051422
TI  - Operative choledochoscopy in common bile duct surgery.
AB  - Surgical exploration of the common bile duct for gallstones is a common operation
      but carries a high residual stone rate. Conventional techniques for exploring the
      bile ducts are blind procedures. The surgeon cannot see what he is doing. Also
      there has been no reliable method for a postexploratory check of the bile ducts
      before closure, usually around a T-tube. Operative choledochoscopy allows the
      surgeon to see stones in the duct, may aid the removal of stones and provides
      visual postexploratory checks that the common bile duct and the hepatic ducts are
      clear, that papilla is patent and that no stone is left behind before closure. A
      personal series of 150 patients had operative choledochoscopy using a flexible
      fibreoptic choledochoscope. If there was a clear indication on preoperative
      investigations that the ducts should be explored, an operative cholangiogram was
      omitted and the choledochoscope used as the exploring instrument. In 127 patients
      with a diagnosis of gallstone disease, choledochoscopy was used at the primary
      operation. In 12 patients choledochoscopy was used at a secondary operation for
      recurrent gallstone disease, and 11 patients had malignant obstruction of the
      biliary tract. In 70 of the 127 patients, gallstones were found and extracted
      using the choledochoscope. In 53 patients the ducts were clear, and in 4, other
      lesions were found: 3 papillomas and one polycystic disease. One hundred and six
      of the patients had the common bile duct closed primarily with no T-tube
      drainage. There was no increase in complications and no deaths associated with
      choledochoscopy or primary closure of the common bile duct. There was one case of
      recurrent stone in the common bile duct presenting six years later. This is a
      failure rate of 1.4 omicron (O amongst the 70 patients in whom stones were found.
      Choledochoscopy reduces the incidence of residual common bile duct stone.

PMID- 4051423
TI  - Anterior resection of the rectum--a simplified stapling technique.
AB  - The use of a double stapling technique in anterior resection of the rectum
      eliminates the necessity for a rectal stump pursestring and removes the problem
      of tissue pouting on the spindle of the circular EEA stapler when a voluminous
      rectum is pulled onto it with the pursestring. We have used this technique in 20
      patients with tumours in the middle and lower thirds of the rectum without
      complication. This technique may reduce contamination in the pelvis and certainly
      shortens operating time. Cost effectiveness of the technique should be evaluated
      in busy centres where the benefit would appear to be greatest.

PMID- 4051424
TI  - The Angelchik prosthesis for gastro-oesophageal reflux: symptomatic and objective
      assessment.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with intractable gastro-oesophageal reflux were treated by
      insertion of the Angelchik antireflux prosthesis. Good symptomatic relief was
      achieved in over 80% of patients reviewed up to 28 months after operation and
      there was marked resolution of oesophagitis as seen on endoscopy. Oesophageal
      manometry and pH studies performed preoperatively and at 3 and 12 months after
      operation, showed a significant increase in lower oesophageal sphincter pressure
      with decreased acid reflux. Some technical problems were encountered, but the
      prosthesis is potentially a simple and effective means of controlling gastro
      oesophageal reflux.

PMID- 4051425
TI  - Breast reconstruction after failed conservation.
AB  - We report our experience of using latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps after
      failed conservation for breast carcinoma. Twenty-nine patients were treated by
      two methods of reconstruction. Seventeen patients with central recurrent tumours
      and three patients with radiation necrosis of the breast were treated by total
      mastectomy and latissimus dorsi reconstitution with silicone implant. Nine
      patients underwent latissimus dorsi reconstruction with preservation of the
      nipple for recurrent peripheral tumours. After a mean follow up period of 20.2
      months no local recurrences have been observed but a longer period of follow-up
      is necessary to evaluate the likely long term recurrence rate.

PMID- 4051426
TI  - Outpatient measurement of perineal descent.
AB  - One hundred and fifty-eight consecutive patients attending a rectal clinic have
      undergone measurement of perineal descent at rest and during straining by a
      simple noninvasive method. In nine patients (5.7%) the perineum was assessed as
      being below the ischial tuberosities at rest, whilst a further nine patients
      (5.7%) had abnormal descent (greater than 2.5 cm) during straining. Sixteen of
      the 18 patients with abnormal descent at rest or on straining were female and in
      ten (56%) a diagnosis of haemorrhoids was made at the initial clinic attendance.
      Parity of four or more was associated with a greater degree of descent during
      straining (P less than 0.05) than in women having a single pregnancy only.

PMID- 4051427
TI  - Use of intravenous regional sympathetic block in upper limb angiography.
AB  - An intravenous regional sympathetic block was produced in the upper limb using a
      Bier's technique and guanethidine. The dilatation produced allowed accurate
      delineation of the vasculature at angiography which could be reproduced after
      further injections of contrast medium. It is further suggested that this
      technique may be used immediately before tissue grafting as it may prevent
      vasoconstriction at any anastomotic sites.

PMID- 4051428
TI  - Posterior spinal fusion and instrumentation in the treatment of adolescent
      idiopathic scoliosis.
AB  - Three hundred and nineteen patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were
      treated by posterior spinal fusion over an eight year period. The changes in
      preoperative correction and surgical techniques are reviewed. The anaesthetic
      technique using induced hypotension and the postoperative routine are described.
      The amount of deformity and its correction at operation and postoperatively is
      discussed by reference to Cobb angles. The early and late complications are
      reviewed.

PMID- 4051429
TI  - Oncogenes and human cancer--a surgeon's perspective.
AB  - Amongst the most significant of the advances that have occurred in molecular
      biology in the last decade has been the development of our understanding of
      oncogenes, genes that would seem to be responsible for causing cancer. Subtle
      genetic differences between tumour cells and their normal counterparts have now
      been discovered, and there is much excitement being generated as new light is
      shed on the very roots of malignant change. Much of the technology is complicated
      and confusing, yet the subject should be one with which practising surgeons have
      a background understanding, for clinicians will possibly soon be able to utilise
      the results of this basic scientific research in everyday practice. This review
      article attempts to explain the background to the discovery of oncogenes, how
      they act, and how the technology may be able to be clinically used in the future
      in the battle to overcome cancer.

PMID- 4051431
TI  - Five year experience using PTFE vascular grafts for lower limb ischaemia.

PMID- 4051430
TI  - The value of HIDA scanning in intestinal fistulae.
AB  - Intestinal fistulae have been outlined using the delayed phase of Tc-99m labelled
      HIDA. The technique involved is simple, safe and easily reproducible. This method
      has advantages over conventional radiography particularly for the leaking
      duodenal stump and involves minimal disturbance to the patient.

PMID- 4051432
TI  - Post-tonsillectomy secondary haemorrhage.

PMID- 4051433
TI  - [NMR imaging of bladder tumors in man. Initial clinical experience].

PMID- 4051434
TI  - [Imaging in cardiac echinococcosis. Apropos of 21 cases. Codification of a
      strategy for its study].

PMID- 4051435
TI  - [Analysis of profile radiology of the normal carpus].

PMID- 4051436
TI  - [Pulmonary melioidosis].

PMID- 4051437
TI  - [Isolated cervical pedicle localization of an eosinophilic granuloma in an
      adult].

PMID- 4051438
TI  - [Rib osteomyelitis and pulmonary hernia in an infant, an unusual association].

PMID- 4051439
TI  - [Esophageal ulcer after ingestion of tetracycline capsules].

PMID- 4051440
TI  - [Cancer of the esophagus with benign radiologic appearance].

PMID- 4051441
TI  - [Probable incipient tuberculosis of the colon. Fortuitous discovery during
      colonoscopy for resection of a lipoma].

PMID- 4051442
TI  - [Illustrations of the value of positional views in x-ray computed tomography].

PMID- 4051443
TI  - Glycemic control and serum lipoproteins after total pancreatectomy.
AB  - Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were studied in 10 patients who had undergone
      total pancreatectomy. The results were compared with Type I diabetic patients and
      normal subjects, all of whom were matched for age, sex and weight. At the same
      level of glycemic control, the daily need for insulin was significantly lower in
      the patients with pancreatogenic diabetes than in those with Type I diabetes.
      Concentrations of serum total VLDL and HDL triglyceride were higher in the
      pancreatectomized patients than in the diabetic or normal controls, whereas
      concentrations of serum total and LDL cholesterol were significantly lower. The
      composition of the VLDL, LDL and HDL particles was abnormal in the totally
      pancreatectomized patients as all three lipoprotein fractions were enriched in
      triglyceride. HDL2 cholesterol was similar in the totally pancreatectomized
      patients to that in the other two groups but HDL3 cholesterol was lower.
      Postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities were normal.
      It is concluded that in totally pancreatectomized patients the changes in the
      lipoprotein profile on reflect more the action of various confounding factors,
      i.e. malabsorption, continuance of alcohol abuse and dietary changes than the
      impact of the diabetes itself.

PMID- 4051444
TI  - Hypoprothrombinaemia and bleeding during administration of cefamandole and
      cefoperazone. Report of three cases.
AB  - Deficiency of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors caused by the cephalosporin
      derivatives cefamandole, cefoperazone and moxalactam has been recently
      recognized. It has been suggested that this adverse reaction may result from
      vitamin K deficiency caused by eradication of the vitamin K producing intestinal
      bacteria or inhibition of action of vitamin K 1. Three patients are described in
      whom hypoprothrombinaemic bleeding developed during administration of cefamandole
      or cefoperazone. All patients were elderly, had previous malnutrition or had been
      on parenteral nutrition without vitamin K supplementation. One patient had renal
      failure. Bleeding manifested 5-14 days after the start of antibiotic treatment.
      Other causes of the bleeding were excluded. One case was fatal and in 2 cases the
      coagulopathy was corrected by administration of vitamin K 1 or fresh frozen
      plasma and cessation of the antibiotic. We recommend prophylactic administration
      of vitamin K 1 during cefamandole or cefoperazone treatment to patients at risk,
      i.e. elderly malnourished patients especially those with renal failure or on
      parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 4051445
TI  - Selenium in human disease.

PMID- 4051446
TI  - Late effects of proximal gastric vagotomy compared with antrectomy and selective
      vagotomy for chronic duodenal ulcer. A randomized study with 5-year follow-up.
AB  - Twenty-three patients who had been given a proximal gastric vagotomy and 29
      patients who had had an antrectomy were examined periodically for 5 years after
      their operations for duodenal ulcers. Five years after surgery, 83% of the
      proximal gastric vagotomy patients and 86% of the antrectomy and selective
      vagotomy patients were included in Visick grades I-II. We found 4/24 recurrent
      ulcers in the vagotomy group and 1/29 in the antrectomy group; in addition 3 of
      the antrectomy patients had to be reoperated. Acid secretion was reduced by 54%
      in the vagotomy patients and by over 90% in the antrectomized patients. In the
      group that had had a proximal gastric vagotomy, maximal acid secretion in the
      insulin test decreased by 78%. Body weight did not decrease and haematological
      status did not worsen in either group. Intestinal absorption of fat, xylose and
      vitamin B12, serum calcium levels and urinary excretion did not change during the
      follow-up. One year after the operation, the level of serum alkaline phosphatase
      had risen, and urinary excretion of hydroxyproline had increased in the resected
      group but after five years, these values were unchanged. Mineral density of bone
      unchanged decreased significantly in both groups. We conclude that during five
      years after surgery antrectomy with selective vagotomy does not cause more
      metabolic disturbances than proximal gastric vagotomy, but is followed by more
      mechanical problems than proximal gastric vagotomy.

PMID- 4051447
TI  - Hepatic acetylator phenotype in bladder cancer patients.
AB  - We determined the hepatic acetylator phenotype in 130 patients with transitional
      cell carcinoma (urothelioma) of the bladder and, previously in 157 normal control
      subjects. Eighty-three patients (63.8%) and 90 control subjects (57.4%) were slow
      acetylators (p greater than 0.05). Patients of both phenotypes did not differ in
      the consumption of tobacco and coffee. Seventy-five patients were not exposed to
      occupational risk for bladder cancer and the distribution of acetylator phenotype
      in them was similar to that of the control group. The other 55 patients had been
      employed in jobs with an elevated risk for urotheliomas; 41 (74.5%) were slow
      acetylators, which represented a significant excess over the incidence of slow
      acetylators in the control group (57.4%) (p less than 0.05); 15 of these patients
      had worked in jobs with carcinogenic arylamines proven in the workplace
      environment (11 were slow acetylators). Our results suggest that the slow
      acetylator phenotype can facilitate the development of urothelioma in individuals
      with occupational risk.

PMID- 4051448
TI  - Experiment to determine the effect of riboflavin deficiency at weaning on iron
      economy and heme synthesis.
AB  - 21-day-old female Norwegian Hooded rats were fed a riboflavin-deficient diet for
      7 weeks. A control group consisted of individually weight-matched rats fed a
      complete diet. Reticulocytosis was induced by phlebotomy and heme synthesis
      measured in a reticulocyte-rich preparation in vitro. Concentrations of
      circulating iron and liver stores of ferritin iron and non-heme iron were
      measured. Riboflavin deficiency significantly impaired the process of
      accumulation and maintenance of hepatic iron stores but did not appear to
      influence the rate of heme synthesis in an in vitro system. A primary lesion in
      iron metabolism in young riboflavin-deficient rats may be at the level of iron
      absorption so that assimilated iron is diverted to the erythroid marrow at the
      expense of repleting iron stores.

PMID- 4051449
TI  - Hepatic storage of iron and ferritin in different ethnic groups in Singapore.
AB  - The concentrations of non-haem iron, ferritin and ferritin-iron were measured in
      the livers of 137 adults and children collected at necropsy. The concentrations
      of non-haem and ferritin iron were found to be 146.6 +/- 95.2 micrograms/g and
      61.6 +/- 32.4 micrograms/g, respectively, in males and 108.0 +/- 61.7
      micrograms/g and 60.6 +/- 26.4 micrograms/g, respectively, in females. The values
      for males in Singapore were lower than those reported in developed Western
      countries. No correlation was observed between storage iron and age, or ferritin
      concentration and age. Concentrations of non-haem iron and ferritin were similar
      for persons dying from accident and coronary heart disease. The non-haem iron
      concentration in Chinese (187.9 +/- 101.0 micrograms/g) was significantly greater
      than that in Indians (103.1 +/- 65.8 micrograms/g), while the ferritin
      concentration in Chinese (6.18 +/- 2.37 mg/g) was significantly greater than
      either Malays (3.81 +/- 1.8 mg/g) or Indians (3.52 +/- 1.6 mg/g). A significant
      positive correlation was observed between the non-haem iron and ferritin and also
      ferritin-iron in Chinese males (r values of 0.678 and 0.598, respectively) and
      Indian males (r values of 0.576 and 0.612, respectively). However, the
      correlation between these indices was not significant in the case of Malay males.
      In premenopausal women the non-haem iron correlated well with ferritin (r =
      0.737) and ferritin iron (r = 0.826) while the correlation was lacking in
      postmenopausal women.

PMID- 4051450
TI  - Altered levels of n-6/n-3 fatty acids in rat heart and storage fat following
      variable dietary intake of linoleic acid.
AB  - Fat-supplemented dies enriched with linoleic acid by the addition of 12% w/w
      sunflower seed oil or proportionally reduced in linoleic acid by addition of 12%
      mutton fat were fed to rats for 18 months before the fatty acid composition of
      perirenal storage fat and myocardial membranes (phospholipids) was determined.
      Although the fatty acid composition of perirenal fat generally reflected that of
      the diet, there was an inverse relationship between the consumption of n-6 and
      the deposition of n-9 fatty acids. In addition, enhanced deposition of oleic acid
      (18:1, n-9) appears to be related to the dietary intake of stearic acid (18:0).
      In contrast, in myocardial membranes the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are
      found to be increased when the intake of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids is
      reduced. This is particularly evident for docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, n-3) which
      is significantly increased in phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and
      diphosphatidylglycerol fractions of myocardial membranes, when the mutton fat
      diet was fed. After feeding the sunflower seed oil diet, the increased
      consumption of linoleic acid produced only small changes in the 18:2, n-6 content
      of cardiac phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. These major classes
      of membrane phospholipids also showed only small increases in 20:4, n-6. In
      diphosphatidylglycerol, increased 18:2, n-6 also followed increased dietary
      intake, but this was not accompanied by increased 20:4, n-6. These changes in
      myocardial phospholipid fatty acid composition are similar to those observed
      after short-term feeding reported previously and confirm that changes in dietary
      n-6/n-3 fatty acid intake affect the fatty acid composition of both myocardial
      membranes and storage fat. These changes persist for the duration of the feeding
      period.

PMID- 4051451
TI  - Comparative utilization of fish selenium and inorganic selenite by rats of normal
      selenium status.
AB  - Rats of a normal selenium status were fed diets based on fish (rainbow trout) as
      the main protein source. A 4-week experiment with three dietary groups (low fish
      selenium, high fish selenium and selenite supplementation) was performed, and the
      selenium absorption, excretion and retention were recorded. Samples of blood
      serum, liver, kidneys, testes, hairs, spleen, lungs, heart, brain and skeletal
      muscle were collected for analysis of selenium. Glutathione peroxidase activity
      was measured in the blood serum. A selenium supplementation of approximately 1
      mg/kg (high fish selenium and selenite group) yielded a selenium retention of
      only 7% of the intake, while in the group with a dietary selenium concentration
      of approximately 0.1 mg/kg (low fish selenium group) the selenium retention was
      50%, resulting in almost the same absolute selenium retention in all three
      groups. The liver and kidneys showed the highest accumulations of selenium,
      reflecting the participation of these organs in the excretion of surplus
      selenium. The highest relative uptake of selenium was recorded in the testes,
      which increased equally in all dietary groups. The selenium concentration in the
      other tissues investigated, as well as the glutathione peroxidase activity in the
      blood serum responded little to the selenium supplementations. These results
      showed that the selenium levels normally found in fish were sufficient to satisfy
      the need for this element in rats of a good selenium status, and that inorganic
      selenite was absorbed and excreted at a high rate already after 1 week.

PMID- 4051452
TI  - Diet and cardiac arrhythmia: effects of lipids on age-related changes in
      myocardial function in the rat.
AB  - Male rats were fed for 3-4 months (short-term) or 12-15 months (long-term) on a
      standard laboratory diet alone (control) or supplemented with sunflower seed oil
      (SSO, 12% w/w) or sheep kidney fat (SKF, 12% w/w). Papillary muscles were
      electrically driven (1 Hz, 5 ms, supramaximal voltage) at 37 degrees C in Krebs
      Henseleit solution, and contractions were measured isometrically. Both the
      positive inotropic responses to CA++ and the incidence of spontaneous
      tachyarrhythmias under catecholamine stress were increased by short-term SKF
      feeding and with age in control and SKF groups, whereas SSO prevented these
      changes. The results show a marked effect of age upon ventricular myocardial
      function in the rat, which appears to be accelerated by the consumption of animal
      (saturated) fat while polyunsaturated vegetable oil provides some degree of
      protection. It is suggested that changes in membrane lipid composition can alter
      the Ca++ handling characteristics of myocardial cells.

PMID- 4051453
TI  - Effect of thiamin status on the metabolism of linamarin in rats.
AB  - The effect of graded levels of thiamin on the metabolism of linamarin was
      investigated in rats. It was observed that on a diet deficient in thiamin, a
      large amount of linamarin was recovered unchanged in the urine, together with
      significantly more thiocyanate (SCN-) relative to the control. The least amount
      of thiocyanate (p less than 0.05 relative to control) was found in animals
      receiving the highest amount (twice daily requirement) of thiamin in the diet;
      but the amount of unmetabolized linamarin was similar to the control. It is
      suggested that thiamin deficiency may be implicated in the aetiology of tropical
      ataxic neuropathy (TAN) through the thiocyanate overload in people eating large
      amounts of cassava and cassava derivatives which contain linamarin.

PMID- 4051454
TI  - [Electrophoretic polymorphism of lactate, malate and glutamate dehydrogenases,
      acid phosphatase and esterases of Providencia alcalifaciens, P. stuartii and P.
      rustigianii].
AB  - The polymorphism of glutamate, lactate and malate dehydrogenases, of acid
      phosphatase and of esterases of 27 strains of Providencia alcalifaciens, 35
      strains of P. stuartii and 17 strains of P. rustigianii was investigated by
      conventional electrophoresis in polyacrylamide agarose gel and by isoelectric
      focusing in thin-layer polyacrylamide gel. For each enzyme analysed, the three
      species were characterized by a distinct electrophoretic pattern. The number of
      allozymes detected by conventional electrophoresis was greater than that detected
      by isoelectric focusing. The use of these two techniques in parallel led to
      improved detection of polymorphism of esterase alpha beta from P. alcalifaciens.
      A two-dimensional profile obtained by plotting isoelectric points against
      electrophoretic mobilities for malate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and beta-A
      esterase showed a molecular relationship between the diverse allozymes and
      demonstrated their taxonomic values. Polymorphism varied considerably according
      to the enzyme and species analysed and was correlated with DNA heterogeneity. The
      strains of P. alcalifaciens exhibited the greatest enzyme polymorphism and were
      classified into two main zymotypes reflecting genetic divergence within this
      species, whereas the strains of P. stuartii were electrophoretically less
      variable.

PMID- 4051455
TI  - [Isolation and description of strains of Flavobacterium multivorum of telluric
      origin].
AB  - Twenty encapsulated strains of Flavobacterium multivorum were isolated from soil
      by elective culture in minimal medium containing inulin as the sole source of
      carbon and energy. These strains were compared with the type strain and with 5
      other strains (including 4 clinical strains) of F. multivorum. Of 168 substrates
      tested, 18 carbohydrates were used as the sole carbon and energy source by all 26
      strains. A few amino acids were used by some strains. The yellow pigment produced
      was found to be a carotene and its production was photo-inducible. The presence
      of a cytochrome c oxidase of the aa3 type was suggested by absorption spectra.
      The major cell lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingolipids; the major
      fatty acids were 13-methyltetradecanoic and 2-hydroxy-13-methyltetradecanoic
      acids. Soil and clinical strains of F. multivorum showed roughly similar patterns
      of antibiotic multiresistance. The average G + C content of the DNA of 11 strains
      was 40.8 +/- 1.5 mol%.

PMID- 4051456
TI  - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Part 1. Clinical features, pathology, and ethical
      issues in management.
AB  - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive degenerative disease of the
      motor system in adults that occurs in sporadic, familial, and Western Pacific
      forms. Involvement of non-motor pathways has been increasingly recognized, both
      clinically and pathologically. Although the usual course is relentlessly
      progressive with death in half the cases within three years from onset, it can
      sometimes be protracted. Degeneration and loss of large motor neurons in the
      cerebral cortex, brainstem, and cervical and lumbar spinal cord are
      characteristic. Marked reduction in the number of large myelinated fibers is
      notable in the cervical and lumbar ventral roots. Peripheral nerves show reduced
      numbers of large myelinated fibers, acute axonal degeneration at all levels, and
      distal axonal atrophy. Motor end-plates reveal small or absent nerve terminals.
      Subclinical non-motor system involvement includes neuronal loss in Clarke's
      nucleus and dorsal root ganglia, degeneration of non-motor tracts in the spinal
      cord, loss of receptors in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord, and myelinated
      fiber loss with segmental demyelination in sensory and mixed nerves. The serious
      implications of the diagnosis of ALS make it mandatory to exclude similar
      potentially treatable disorders. Management should be multidisciplinary, and
      discussions with the patient and family members should be frank and frequent.
      Discussions about ventilatory support should take place early in the disease so
      that death from respiratory failure can be prevented, when that is desired, and
      conversely to obviate the discontent and anger that accompany involuntary life on
      a ventilator.

PMID- 4051457
TI  - Status epilepticus in well-oxygenated rats causes neuronal necrosis.
AB  - Neuronal necrosis in the brain resulting from status epilepticus of 15 to 120
      minutes duration in ventilated and well-oxygenated rats was assessed. Seizures
      were induced by inhalation of the convulsant gas flurothyl, and terminated by
      withdrawal of flurothyl and a single injection of thiopental. The animals were
      allowed to recover for one week, and neuronal damage was assessed by cell counts
      following subserial sectioning of the brain and microscopical examination of the
      sections. Infarction of the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra occurred in 5
      of the 6 animals with seizure duration of 30 minutes, and in all animals with
      longer seizure durations. There also was a common affectation of the central
      parts of the globus pallidus. The pars compacta of the substantia nigra was never
      affected. After 45 to 120 minutes of seizures, moderate neuronal necrosis was
      observed in the neocortex (layers 3 and 4), and after 60 to 120 minutes was seen
      in amygdaloid and thalamic nuclei, as well as in CA4 and CA1 hippocampal
      pyramidal cells. Notably, CA3 neurons were not damaged nor were dentate granule
      cells affected. After 120 minutes of seizures, damage regularly affected the
      neocortex and the ventral-posterior nuclei of the thalamus. A conspicuous feature
      was the localization of neuronal necrosis at sites close to the ventricles.

PMID- 4051458
TI  - Cardiac dysfunction during status epilepticus in the neonatal pig.
AB  - Cardiovascular complications frequently occur during status epilepticus. To
      determine the changes in systemic and pulmonary arterial pressure, cardi output,
      and left ventricular contractility during seizures, 1-week-old pigs were
      intubated, paralyzed, mechanicall entilated, and catheterized with a Swan-Ganz
      catheter. Seizures were induced with intravenous bicuculline. Early changes
      consisted of significant systemic and pulmonary arterial hypertension. After 2
      hours of seizures, the animals developed progressive systemic hypotension and
      decreased cardiac output. M-mode echocardiography disclosed a decrease in left
      ventricular contractility. Cardiac tissue frozen in situ showed a significant
      increase in lactate and reductions in glucose, triglyceride, and adenosine
      triphosphate levels. Prolonged seizures in the neonatal pig result in cardiac
      dysfunction, which may play a role in the development of epileptic brain damage.

PMID- 4051459
TI  - Cerebral norepinephrine depletion enhances recovery after brain ischemia.
AB  - Monoamine neurotransmitters, especially norepinephrine (NE), may have an
      important role in the pathophysiological aspects of postischemic cerebral
      dysfunction. In previous studies of post-decapitation-induced ischemia, we found
      that NE depletion caused a delay in glycogen breakdown but did not influence any
      of the other known biochemical abnormalities that accompany brain ischemia. In
      this study, we have turned to a model of transient incomplete and diffuse
      forebrain ischemia in the rat to examine the effects of cerebral NE depletion on
      the recovery after brain ischemia of levels of high-energy phosphate compounds,
      products of intermediary oxidative metabolism, and free fatty acids. We found
      that a unilateral lesion of the locus ceruleus and the resultant depletion of NE
      in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex had no effect on sham-operated controls nor on
      rats subjected to ischemia alone. However, in rats subjected to ischemia followed
      by 15 minutes of recirculation, the NE-depleted cerebral cortex had significantly
      higher phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate levels and energy charge, and
      lower adenosine monophosphate and docosahexaenoic acid concentrations. With
      longer periods of recirculation, these side-to-side differences were not
      apparent. These results suggest that activity of the central NE systems during
      transient brain ischemia has deleterious effects on the biochemical recovery of
      the cerebral cortex from severe ischemic insults.

PMID- 4051460
TI  - Chronic idiopathic anhidrosis.
AB  - We describe the cases of eight patients with chronic idiopathic anhidrosis. These
      patients were heat intolerant and became hot, flushed, dizzy, dyspneic, and weak
      but did not sweat when the ambient temperature was high or when they exercised.
      Four patients had preganglionic sudomotor lesions and in the remaining 4 the
      lesion appeared to be postganglionic. The patients did not have orthostatic
      hypotension, other evidence of generalized autonomic failure, or symptomatic
      somatic neuropathy. One patient regained thermoregulatory sweat function and no
      patient's condition progressed to generalized autonomic failure. Chronic
      idiopathic anhidrosis appears to be distinctly different from other autonomic
      neuropathies that tend to carry much poorer prognoses.

PMID- 4051461
TI  - Similarity of brain CT appearance in spongy degeneration to that of subacute
      necrotizing encephalomyelopathy.
AB  - Reports of brain computed tomography (CT) findings in spongy degeneration
      describe radiolucent changes of the cerebral white matter, but have not described
      changes in the posterior fossa. We describe an infant with spongy degeneration in
      whom CT scans detected brainstem, cerebellar, and cerebral white matter
      radiolucencies before the diagnosis was established. The posterior fossa CT
      findings resembled the periventricular changes described in subacute necrotizing
      encephalomyelopathy (SNE). As the patient's initial clinical findings were
      consistent with SNE, the similarity of the posterior fossa radiolucencies was
      misleading. Without basal ganglia or thalamic involvement, or without variability
      in their appearance over time, posterior fossa periventricular radiolucencies are
      not diagnostic of a specific degenerative disorder.

PMID- 4051462
TI  - Cerebral infarction in sickle cell trait.
AB  - Sickle cell disease is known to predispose patients to the risk of cerebral
      infarction. However, only scattered reports exist of the neurological sequelae of
      the sickle cell trait. Only 8 cases are reported in the English literature, in
      some of which the sickle cell trait was not documented by hemoglobin
      electrophoresis. This report describes 2 men, age 35 and 24 years, who developed
      acute cerebral infarction. Investigation revealed no apparent cause for the
      lesion other than the sickle cell trait.

PMID- 4051463
TI  - Chickenpox with delayed contralateral hemiparesis caused by cerebral angiitis.
AB  - Chickenpox and herpes zoster ophthalmicus are caused by the same virus. Herpes
      zoster ophthalmicus can be followed by contralateral hemiparesis, which is
      thought to be caused by spread of varicella-zoster virus to blood vessels
      contiguous to the trigeminal nerve and its branches. We report what we believe to
      be the first case of a patient with chickenpox followed by hemiparesis in whom
      there was angiographic evidence of an associated vasculitis similar to that found
      with herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

PMID- 4051465
TI  - Bilateral asterixis in frontal tumor.

PMID- 4051464
TI  - The auditory pathology of brain death as revealed by auditory evoked potentials.
AB  - A case of brain death is reported in which the auditory brainstem response,
      middle latency component, and slow vertex response were recorded before and after
      the cessation of cortical activity, and in which histological examination of the
      temporal bone and central auditory pathways was performed post mortem. Brain
      death of at least 48 hours' duration was demonstrated by neurological
      examination, flat electroencephalographic recording, and persistent absence of
      auditory evoked responses. The postmortem examination was performed 3 hours after
      death. The pathological studies of the whole length of the auditory pathway
      revealed total autolysis of the organ of Corti, marked cell loss in the dorsal
      cochlear nucleus, and moderate cell loss in other nuclei of the central auditory
      pathway. It should be considered that total autolysis of the organ of Corti and
      severe cell loss of the cochlear nucleus may occur if the auditory brainstem
      response becomes absent in comatose patients.

PMID- 4051466
TI  - Treatment of essential tremor--further comment.

PMID- 4051467
TI  - Propranolol-induced tardive dyskinesia in a patient with akathisia.

PMID- 4051468
TI  - [Effect of a temperature regimen on erythromycin biosynthesis].
AB  - The effect of temperature variation in cultivation of the erythromycin-producing
      organism on accumulation of the antibiotic in the fermentation broth was studied
      during the growth and development of the microbial population. None of the tested
      processes of erythromycin biosynthesis with one-stage and two-stage variation of
      the temperature conditions or their short-term variation provided a significant
      increase in the antibiotic yield. It was shown that with an increase in the
      temperature from 33 to 37 degrees C in the 72-120-hour fermentation process, the
      rate of the antibiotic accumulation after 24 hours of the increased temperature
      effect did not decrease, while in the 120-hour fermentation process the increased
      temperature had an insignificant effect on erythromycin accumulation even within
      the subsequent 24 hours of the culture growth.

PMID- 4051469
TI  - [Exopolysaccharide formation during the cultivation of Bacillus polymyxa on
      different carbohydrate substrates].
AB  - The effect of the carbohydrate source in the cultivation medium on the intensity
      of the synthesis of exopolysaccharides of two variants of Bacillus polymyxa was
      studied. No significant effect of the nature of the carbohydrate source on
      accumulation of the culture biomass was observed, while the fermentation broth
      viscosity, the yield of the extracellular polysaccharides and their
      monosaccharide composition, as well as the ratio of the neutral and acid
      components significantly changed. Differences in the composition and properties
      of the exopolysaccharides produced in the cultures of the variant strain under
      identical conditions were noted. Certain correlation between the exoproduct yield
      and the quantity of the accumulated biomass, as well as between the composition
      of the exopolysaccharides and viscosity of the fermentation broth was shown,
      which ensures a goal-oriented effect on the synthesis of the exopolysaccharide
      complex by variation of the medium composition.

PMID- 4051470
TI  - [Identification of Bacteroides and Fusobacterium using antibiotic- and bile
      impregnated disks].
AB  - Fifty-nine strains of gram-negative non-sporulating anerobic bacteria were
      identified to the genus. Comparison of the data on the biochemical identification
      with the phenotypes by sensitivity to antibiotics and bile showed, that the
      bacteroids of the fragilis group had the same phenotype. Sensitivity was
      determined with anaerodisks impregnated with antibiotics and bile. The other
      species of bacteroids and fusobacteria had several phenotypes. However, these
      phenotypes being non-specific for the species were characteristic of the genus:
      none of the bacteroid species had the fusobacteria phenotype. The presented table
      of the bacteroid and fusobacteria phenotypes by sensitivity to antibiotics and
      bile may be useful in identification of these organism.

PMID- 4051471
TI  - [Effectiveness of the new aminoglycoside sisomicin in surgery].
AB  - Antimicrobial activity of sisomicin against causative agents of wound infections
      was studied. It was shown that by its antimicrobial activity and the rate of
      bactericidal effect attainment sisomicin is superior to other aminoglycosides,
      such as gentamicin and tobramycin. Individual variability of the pharmacokinetics
      of sisomicin on its intravenous and intramuscular injection to patients with
      wound infections was observed. For prediction of the treatment efficacy it is
      suggested that the drug be used under the control of its blood levels in
      comparison to the MTC for the isolated causative agent.

PMID- 4051472
TI  - [Effect of the agitation intensity and concentration of surface-active substances
      on the rate of oxygen sorption by a model sulfite-albumin medium].
AB  - The physicochemical properties of a model medium consisting of two substances,
      sodium sulfite and albumin, were studied. It was shown that the presence of a SAS
      in the sulfite solution significantly lowered the rate of oxygen sorption by the
      model medium. The higher the SAS concentration, the lower the sorption rate. When
      yeasts were grown on sulfite liquor under conditions of the reduced medium the
      rate of their growth and respiration did not significantly depend on aeration
      within wide ranges of its variation. The experiments with the model medium
      demonstrated that the aeration independence was due to indifference to oxygen not
      of the cells but of the medium as the result of its physicochemical properties.
      The effect of sorption hysteresis was also studied on the model medium. It was
      revealed that the rate of oxygen desorption from the medium was lower than that
      of oxygen sorption by the same medium. The effect was not observed when a
      nonionic SAS was added to the medium and the isoelectric point was almost
      reached. The effect was connected with impairment of oxygen diffusion through the
      medium surface film. Interaction of the substances included in the model medium
      was of physical nature.

PMID- 4051473
TI  - [Identification with roseofungin of an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces
      roseoflavus strain A-23/791 and its undifferentiated variant].
AB  - Isolation, purification and chemical identification of an antibiotic produced by
      strain IMV A-23/791 of Streptomyces roseoflavus and its adifferentiated variant
      are described. The antibiotic inhibits the growth of many phytopathogenic fungi,
      dermatophytes and yeast-like fungi and is capable of stimulating the growth and
      development of plants. The antibiotic is effective in control of cucumber root
      rot under hydroponic cultivation conditions. It was shown that the
      adifferentiated proactinomycetous variant 4-76 was more productive than the
      initial strain A-23/791. The antibiotic isolated from the variant mycelium is
      more active. It was shown that the antibiotic can be isolated from the biomass of
      the adifferentiated variant with a more simple method in the authors'
      modification providing higher antibiotic yields and the use of lower amounts of
      the solvents. The UV, IR, mass and luminescence spectra and mobility in paper and
      thin-layer chromatography have shown the carbonyl-conjugated pentaene A-23/791 to
      be identical to roseofungin described earlier. Based on the data obtained strain
      A-23/791 should be classified with Streptomyces roseoflavus var, roseofungini
      Nikitina, 1968, a variant of Streptomyces roseoflavus Arai, 1951.

PMID- 4051474
TI  - [Intracellular distribution of a DNA and carminomycin complex].
AB  - The complex of the tritium labeled DNA with carminomycin was injected
      intravenously to mice. Five h after the complex injection the rats were
      sacrificed. The liver was isolated and homogenized. The cells were consecutively
      divided into fractions: intercellular liquid, cytoplasm, nuclear juice and
      chromatin. The content of high-molecular exogenous DNA and the products of its
      degradation, as well as the quantity of free and DNA bound carminomycin were
      determined radiometrically and spectrofluorometrically in every of the above
      fractions. It was found that the carminomycin complex located in the liver
      remained unchanged for a long time after injection and penetrated into the cell
      in the form of the complex. In the cytoplasm, the complex disintegrated to
      liberate carminomycin which penetrated into the nucleus where it was bound to
      chromatin DNA.

PMID- 4051475
TI  - [Chromatographic method of determining membrane epoxide hydrolase activity].
AB  - A new method for determination of the activity of epoxide hydrolase (EC 3.3.2.3),
      an enzyme of the 2nd phase of the system of drug metabolism, in rat liver
      microsomes was developed. 9,10-Epoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene was used as a
      substrate. The quantitative determination of 9,10-dioxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene
      was performed according to the method of the internal standard by HPLC in aqueous
      a cetonitrile on octylsilica gel with fluorescent detection. 1-Naphthol was used
      as the internal standard. The method is simple and requires no preliminary
      extraction of the sample and preparation of the derivatives. It is highly
      sensitive and rapid: the time of the chromatographic analysis is not more than 3
      minutes. The error does not exceed 5 per cent.

PMID- 4051476
TI  - Determination of the polyamine content of rat heart mitochondria by the use of
      heparin-sepharose.
AB  - Heparin-sepharose has been utilized to remove polyamines adsorbed to the
      cytoplasmic surface of rat heart mitochondria. The results obtained can be
      summarized as follows: Heparin-sepharose removes 90% of the spermine, 98% of the
      spermidine, and 98% of the putrescine adsorbed. Polyamine contents of
      chromatographed mitochondria amount to 2.66 and 0.36 nmol spermine and
      spermidine, respectively, per mg of mitochondrial protein.

PMID- 4051478
TI  - Comparative studies on soluble and immobilized rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase.
AB  - Rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase was immobilized by covalent attachment to a
      polyacrylamide support (Akrilex C) containing carboxylic functional groups. As a
      result of immobilization, the pH optimum for catalytic activity shifted into a
      more alkaline direction. The apparent Km value with phosphoenolpyruvate
      increased, and that with ADP slightly decreased. With respect to the stability
      against urea and thermal inactivation, the immobilized pyruvate kinase seemed to
      be the more stable at lower urea concentrations and between 45 and 55 degrees C.
      At 1.5 and 2.5M urea and at higher temperature, there were no marked differences
      between the soluble and the immobilized enzyme.

PMID- 4051477
TI  - Twentyfold increase in alkaline phosphatase activity by sequential reversible
      activation of the enzyme followed by coupling with a copolymer of ethylene and
      maleic anhydride.
AB  - Alkaline phosphatase, APase, (EC 3.1.31) from calf intestine, after shifting the
      equilibrium by effector molecules towards the dimeric form of the enzyme, was
      coupled (ratio 1:2, protein: copolymer) to a copolymer of ethylene and maleic
      anhydride, EMA. The water-soluble APase-EMA was separated from APase and the
      unbound EMA by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography. The specific activity
      of the APase-EMA, compared to APase, increased 26-fold at pH 7.1 and 10-fold at
      pH 8.6. The pH optimum of APase-EMA was shifted down from pH 9.5 (native APase)
      to 8.6. This change could be interpreted in terms of polyelectrolyte theory.
      APase-EMA retained 50-70% of its optimum activity in the pH range 7-8, while
      APase retained only 5-15% of its optimum activity within the same pH range. Its
      isoelectric point, pI, was 4.2 (APase 6.0) and it migrated on polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in a single band, anodic movement twice as fast as APase.
      Parallel with the kinetic measurements, the reactive-enzyme sedimentation method
      was used to measure S20,w values. S20,w values obtained for APase-EMA, activated
      APase, and APase dialyzed against water were 6.56S, 6.46S, and 5.17S,
      respectively. Molecular weights, Mr, were determined by equilibrium
      sedimentation: the values obtained were 180,000, 160,000, and 84,500. Mr values
      of APase-EMA and APase (native) estimated by Sepharose-4B gel filtrations were
      essentially the same. The above-mentioned values remained unchanged for APase-EMA
      after intensive dialysis against water, whereas for the activated APase,
      separation from the effector molecules caused the equilibrium to shift back to
      the monomeric, very slightly active enzyme with concomitant changes of S20,w to
      5.15 and Mr to 82,000.

PMID- 4051479
TI  - Site-specific immobilization of flavin adenine dinucleotide on indium/tin oxide
      electrodes through flavin adenine amino group.
AB  - A Mannich-type reaction was used to attach flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
      covalently to aminosilane derivatized indium/tin oxide-coated glass plates. The
      aminosilane was activated with formaldehyde to give an intermediate that attached
      specifically to the adenine amino group of FAD. The presence of the intermediate
      also was demonstrated by coupling hydroquinone to the formaldehyde activated
      support. The immobilized FAD and hydroquinone were characterized by cyclic or
      differential pulse voltammetry. The immobilized FAD was shown to reduce the
      overpotential for NADH oxidation by 180 mV. In keeping with results for FAD on
      glassy carbon, FAD attached to indium/tin oxide at the adenine amino group did
      not lead to reconstitution of activity with apoglucose oxidase.

PMID- 4051480
TI  - Treponema saccharophilum sp. nov., a large pectinolytic spirochete from the
      bovine rumen.
AB  - A large, obligately anaerobic spirochete (strain PB) was isolated from bovine
      rumen fluid by a procedure involving rifampin as a selective agent. The helical
      cells measured 0.6 to 0.7 micron by 12 to 20 micron and possessed approximately
      16 periplasmic flagella inserted near each end of the protoplasmic cylinder. The
      periplasmic flagella were arranged in a bundle wound around the cell body. Strain
      PB utilized as fermentable substrates various plant polysaccharides (e.g.,
      pectin, arabinogalactan, starch, and inulin) as well as pentoses, hexoses,
      disaccharides, and uronic acids. Glucose was fermented to acetate, formate, and
      ethanol, whereas the fermentation of pectin or glucuronic acid yielded only
      acetate and formate as major end products. Determinations of radioactivity in end
      products and assays of enzymatic activities indicated that strain PB catabolized
      glucose via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway. Extracts of cells grown in pectin
      containing media possessed relatively high levels of phospho-2-keto-3
      deoxygluconate aldolase activity, an enzymatic activity typical of the Entner
      Doudoroff pathway. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the DNA of strain PB (54
      mol%) was considerably higher than that of known host-associated anaerobic
      spirochetes. This study indicates that strain PB represents a new species of
      Treponema, for which we propose the name Treponema saccharophilum.

PMID- 4051482
TI  - Fungal metabolism of tert-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate.
AB  - The fungal metabolism of tert-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (BPDP) was studied.
      Cunninghamella elegans was incubated with BPDP for 7 days, and the metabolites
      formed were separated by thin-layer, gas-liquid, or high-pressure liquid
      chromatography and identified by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectral
      techniques. C. elegans metabolized BPDP predominantly at the tert-butyl moiety to
      form the carboxylic acid 4-(2-carboxy-2-propyl)triphenyl phosphate. In addition,
      4-hydroxy-4'-(2-carboxy-2-propyl)triphenyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate,
      diphenyl phosphate, 4-(2-carboxy-2-propyl)diphenyl phosphate, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)
      2-methyl propionic acid, and phenol were detected. Similar metabolites were found
      in the 28 fungal cultures which were examined for their ability to metabolize
      BPDP. Experiments with [14C]BPDP indicated that C. elegans metabolized 70% of the
      BPDP after 7 days and that the ratio of organic-soluble metabolites to water
      soluble metabolites was 8:2. The results indicate that fungi preferentially
      oxidize BPDP at the alkyl side chain and at the aromatic rings to form
      hydroxylated derivatives. The trace levels of mono- and diaryl metabolites and
      the low level of phosphotriesterase activity measured in C. elegans indicate that
      phosphatase cleavage is a minor pathway for fungal metabolism of BPDP.

PMID- 4051481
TI  - Phenotypic expression of Kluyveromyces lactis killer toxin against Saccharomyces
      spp.
AB  - The secretion of killer toxins by some strains of yeasts is a phenomenon of
      significant industrial importance. The activity of a recently discovered
      Kluyveromyces lactis killer strain against a sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      strain was determined on peptone-yeast extract-nutrient agar plates containing as
      the carbon source glucose, fructose, galactose, maltose, or glycerol at pH 4.5 or
      6.5. Enhanced activity (50 to 90% increase) was found at pH 6.5, particularly on
      the plates containing galactose, maltose, or glycerol, although production of the
      toxin in liquid medium was not significantly different with either glucose or
      galactose as the carbon source. Results indicated that the action of the K.
      lactis toxin was not mediated by catabolite repression in the sensitive strain.
      Sensitivities of different haploid and polyploid Saccharomyces yeasts to the two
      different killer yeasts S. cerevisiae (RNA-plasmid-coded toxin) and K. lactis
      (DNA-plasmid-coded toxin) were tested. Three industrial polyploid yeasts
      sensitive to the S. cerevisiae killer yeast were resistant to the K. lactis
      killer yeast. The S. cerevisiae killer strain itself, however, was sensitive to
      the K. lactis killer yeast.

PMID- 4051483
TI  - Isolation and characterization of two new fusaric acid analogs from Fusarium
      moniliforme NRRL 13,163.
AB  - Fusarium moniliforme NRRL 13,163 produced two new fusaric acid analogs, a 10,11
      dihydroxyfusaric acid and a diacid of fusaric acid in which the C-11 methyl was
      oxidized to a carboxyl. Several hundred milligrams of the 10,11-dihydroxyfusaric
      acid were routinely recovered from a kilogram of corn grit medium. It
      crystallized as white, irregularly shaped rectangles that melted at 153 to 154
      degrees C. The diacid analog of fusaric acid crystallized as white rods that
      melted at 210 to 211 degrees C. Unlike the consistent recovery experienced with
      the 10,11-dihydroxyfusaric acid, the diacid analog proved difficult to purify
      after the initial discovery and was detectable in subsequent fermentations only
      by mass spectrometry.

PMID- 4051484
TI  - Microbiology and ration digestibility in the hindgut of the ovine.
AB  - Contents of the terminal ilea, ceca-proximal colons, and terminal recta were
      obtained from nine sheep, three of which were fed 100% orchardgrass hay, three of
      which were fed 60% cracked corn-40% orchardgrass hay, and three of which were fed
      80% cracked corn-20% orchardgrass hay. The digestibility of dry matter in the
      ceca was greatest when the all-hay diet was fed, whereas the percentage of
      cellulose digestion in the ceca increased with increasing levels of concentrate.
      For all diets, the total volatile fatty acid concentrations were higher in the
      ceca than in the other two sites. The cecal pH levels decreased with increased
      corn levels in the diet. The total microbiol numbers per gram of ileal and cecal
      contents increased in response to feeding of concentrate; however, across all
      diets, the ileal counts were 8% or less of the cecal counts. In contrast, the
      cellulolytic microbial numbers in the ilea were 50% or more of those in the ceca
      and were highest with the all-hay diet. Both bacterial and end product
      concentrations in the ceca were equivalent to those occurring in rumina. A total
      of 16 cellulolytic cultures were isolated and characterized from ileal and cecal
      contents of animals fed all three diets. Seven gram-negative-rod-shaped organisms
      were identified as Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, whose capacity to digest cellulose
      exceeded that of several rumen strains. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the
      DNA of one strain of B. fibrisolvens was 38.8 mol%, compared with the only
      previously reported value for this species of 41.2 mol%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4051485
TI  - Reduced virulence of Yersinia enterocolitica by copper-induced injury.
AB  - A sublethal concentration of copper (0.75 mg/liter) caused substantial injury (87
      to 95%) of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:8 cells in 72 h at 4 degrees C
      without producing extensive cell death. Copper-injured cells had a higher 50%
      lethal dose in mice (2,700 CFU) than uninjured cells (150 CFU). This reduced
      virulence correlated with more rapid clearance of the injured cells from the
      blood of mice after intravenous inoculation. A possible role of the liver in this
      process was shown by significant cell accumulation in mouse livers when copper
      injured Y. enterocolitica cells were administered, compared with uninjured
      bacteria. In vitro studies with isolated mouse liver membranes showed higher
      titers of aggregation with copper-injured cells than control cells. The in vitro
      aggregation reaction and blood clearance activity in vivo were abolished by
      sugars that are known to interact with a hepatic lectin. Our data suggest that
      copper-induced injury reduces the virulence of Y. enterocolitica and that the
      liver may be involved in nonimmune rapid clearance of the injured cells, probably
      by interaction with a hepatic lectin(s).

PMID- 4051486
TI  - Incidence of bacteremia in stressed and unstressed populations of the blue crab,
      Callinectes sapidus.
AB  - The incidence of bacteremia in the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, is reported to
      be in excess of 80%. Because these results have been controversial, a field study
      was initiated to determine the effect of commercial capture and handling stresses
      on the incidence and levels of infection in blue crabs. The majority (75%) of
      "unstressed" crabs which were captured individually and bled immediately upon
      removal from the water were bacteremic, with a geometric mean level of infection
      of 14 CFU/ml of hemolymph. Crabs collected by crab pot, confined within these
      pots for as long as 24 h, and sampled immediately after removal from the water
      had a similar mean level of infection. Crabs subjected to the stresses of
      commercial capture, handling, and transport showed a higher incidence of
      infection (91%) and a mean infection level of 46 CFU/ml. Injuries sustained by
      crabs during commercial handling are thought to be associated with the higher
      incidence of infection. Vibrio spp. were primarily responsible for progressive
      infections in commercially stressed crabs and were the predominant bacterial type
      in heavily infected crabs. Our results indicated that uninjured healthy crabs do
      not have sterile hemolymph but instead harbor low-level bacterial infections.

PMID- 4051487
TI  - Incidence of Vibrio cholerae and related vibrios in a coastal lagoon and seawater
      influenced by lake discharges along an annual cycle.
AB  - Most probable numbers of Vibrio cholerae and related vibrios were determined in
      Albufera Lake, Valencia, Spain, and in coastal waters under the influence of the
      lake discharges over the course of an annual cycle. The influence of temperature,
      kind of water, and characteristics of the different sampling sites on the numbers
      of vibrios recovered was evaluated. Maximum recovery of vibrios reached 10(3)/ml
      in both types of waters analyzed. V. cholerae numbers reached 10(3)/ml in the
      lake and 10(2) in one of the coastal sites. Frequently during the warm season,
      all vibrios isolated were identified as V. cholerae. Occasionally, no V. cholerae
      was recovered. The recovery of vibrios was significantly influenced by the
      temperature of the water and the type of water analyzed. Most of the V. cholerae
      isolates were included in Heiberg groups I and II, and nearly 50% of the strains
      used chitin as sole carbon source. Indole was not produced by 100% of the
      strains. All strains tested were non-O1 serovars.

PMID- 4051488
TI  - Microbial mineralization of ring-substituted anilines through an ortho-cleavage
      pathway.
AB  - Moraxella sp. strain G is able to utilize as sole source of carbon and nitrogen
      aniline, 4-fluoroaniline, 2-chloroaniline, 3-chloroaniline, 4-chloroaniline
      (PCA), and 4-bromoaniline but not 4-iodoaniline, 4-methylaniline, 4
      methoxyaniline, or 3,4-dichloroaniline. The generation time on PCA was 6 h. The
      pathway for the degradation of PCA was investigated by analysis of catabolic
      intermediates and enzyme activities. Mutants of strain G were isolated to enhance
      the accumulation of specific pathway intermediates. PCA was converted by an
      aniline oxygenase to 4-chlorocatechol, which in turn was degraded via a modified
      ortho-cleavage pathway. Synthesis of the aniline oxygenase was inducible by
      various anilines. This enzyme exhibited a broad substrate specificity. Its
      specific activity towards substituted anilines seemed to be correlated more with
      the size than with the electron-withdrawing effect of the substituent and was
      very low towards anilines having substituents larger than iodine or a methyl
      group. The initial enzyme of the modified ortho-cleavage pathway, catechol 1,2
      dioxygenase, had similar characteristics to those of corresponding enzymes of
      pathways for the degradation of chlorobenzoic acid and chlorophenol, that is, a
      broad substrate specificity and high activity towards chlorinated and methylated
      catechols.

PMID- 4051489
TI  - Effect of cleaning, milling, and baking on deoxynivalenol in wheat.
AB  - Samples of wheat naturally infected by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe were obtained
      from mills in Oklahoma, Missouri, Kansas, and Minnesota and fields in Nebraska
      and Kansas in 1982; they were analyzed for deoxynivalenol (DON). The wheat was
      milled, and DON was found throughout all the milling fractions (bran, shorts,
      reduction flour, and break flour). The DON recoveries for each mill run ranged
      from 90 to 98%. These samples, regardless of DON concentration, also gave similar
      fractional distributions of DON. The greatest (21 ppm [21 micrograms/g])
      concentration of DON was found in the bran, and the smallest (1 ppm) was found in
      the break flour. Cleaning and milling were not effective in removing DON; DON was
      not destroyed in the bread baked from the naturally contaminated whole wheat
      flour, but the effect on its concentration in the samples analyzed varied, the
      reduction ranging from 19 to 69%. The percent reduction found in the cleaned
      wheat ranged from 6 to 19%. DON concentrations in the following commercially made
      breads, caraway rye, seedless rye, and pumpernickel, were 45 ppb (ng/g), 39 ppb,
      and 0 ppb, respectively. The limits of detection by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry and high-pressure liquid chromatography for DON were 0.5 and 10 ng,
      respectively.

PMID- 4051490
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of ochratoxin A in barley.
AB  - A simple and rapid radioimmunoassay was developed for the quantitative
      determination of ochratoxin A in barley. [14C]ochratoxin A, with a specific
      activity of 130 Ci/mol, was used as the tracer. Toxin levels below 100 ng/ml
      required a cleanup step. Three methods (the Association of Official Analytical
      Chemists cleanup method, the solvent partition method, and the Extrelut 3 column
      cleanup method) were compared.

PMID- 4051492
TI  - Regulatory control and standardization of allergenic extracts. Third
      International Paul-Ehrlich-Seminar. September 18th-21st, 1983.

PMID- 4051491
TI  - Comparison of methods for isolating Campylobacter jejuni from raw milk.
AB  - The method of Doyle and Roman (Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43:1343-1353, 1982) was
      compared with that of Lovett et al. (Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 46:459-462, 1983)
      for the ability to recover Campylobacter jejuni strains inoculated into raw milk
      at a concentration of less than 1 cell per g. The method of Lovett et al. gave
      significantly greater recovery proportions.

PMID- 4051494
TI  - Contact allergy and sport.

PMID- 4051493
TI  - Purification and characterization of heat-stable allergens from castor beans.

PMID- 4051495
TI  - Rules and regulations for the production of allergenic extracts: past, present,
      future.

PMID- 4051496
TI  - Allergy and genetics.

PMID- 4051497
TI  - Inhibition of epoxide metabolism by alpha,beta-epoxyketones and isosteric
      analogs.
AB  - Chalcone oxides and several isosteric compounds have been prepared to examine the
      importance of the alpha,beta-epoxyketone moiety in the inhibition of the
      hydrolysis of [3H]-trans-stilbene oxide to its meso-diol by mouse liver cytosolic
      epoxide hydrolase (cEH). Inhibition of microsomal EH and glutathione S
      transferase were also examined. For cEH, replacement of the carbonyl by
      methylidene reduces inhibitor potency by a factor of 44, while replacement of the
      epoxide ring with a cyclopropyl ring reduces inhibition by a factor of 450. A 2'
      hydroxyl also reduces cEH inhibition by 100 times. These observations are
      consistent with a model of the active site in which the carbonyl is hy-hydrogen
      bonded to an acidic site presumed to be involved in initiating epoxide
      hydrolysis. The chalcone oxides thus bind tightly but are not readily turned over
      as substrates.

PMID- 4051498
TI  - Low-temperature-induced changes in intracellular fatty acid fluxes in Dunaliella
      salina.
AB  - Two-minute exposures to exogenous [14C]palmitic, [14C]oleic, or [14C]lauric acid
      differentially labeled the lipids of Dunaliella salina microsomes and
      chloroplasts. Changes in fatty acid desaturation and intracellular movement
      during a subsequent 16-h incubation in nonradioactive medium indicated a slow
      transfer of lipids into the chloroplast from other organelles. Since Dunaliella
      lacks the massive traffic of microsomally produced glycerolipids into chloroplast
      galactolipids that dominates chloroplast-microsome lipid relations in most plant
      cells, it affords a sensitive system for studying more subtle intracellular lipid
      fluxes. Lowering the culture temperature from 30 to 12 degrees C was more
      inhibitory toward glycerolipid biosynthesis in chloroplasts than in microsomes.
      The ability of Dunaliella chloroplasts to utilize microsomal lipids may be
      essential for their systematic acclimation to low temperature.

PMID- 4051499
TI  - Effects of low-temperature stress on the metabolism of phosphatidylglycerol
      molecular species in Dunaliella salina.
AB  - A detailed analysis was made of individual phosphatidylglycerol (PG) molecular
      species isolated from microsomes and chloroplasts at various times after labeling
      Dunaliella salina cells with [14C]palmitic, [14C]oleic, or [14C]lauric acid. The
      patterns of [14C]fatty acid incorporation were in agreement with PG being formed
      by the "eucaryotic" type pathway in microsomes and the "procaryotic" type pathway
      in chloroplasts. In Dunaliella, which lacks a quantitatively significant flux of
      eucaryotic-type lipids from microsomes into chloroplast glycolipids, indications
      were found for a more subtle movement of microsomally synthesized PG into the
      chloroplasts. This transfer was more evident in cells stressed by exposure to 12
      degrees C than it was at 30 degrees C, and may afford a mechanism for recruiting
      key microsomal PG molecular species toward low-temperature acclimation in
      chloroplasts.

PMID- 4051500
TI  - Kinetic properties of the membrane-bound human liver mitochondrial
      protoporphyrinogen oxidase.
AB  - We studied the kinetic properties of the membrane-bound human liver mitochondrial
      protoporphyrinogen oxidase. The activity was monitored by direct recording of
      protoporphyrin fluorescence appearance in the incubation medium without
      extraction or dilution. The human liver enzyme shows some different catalytic
      properties than the rat enzyme since its optimum pH was found at 7.2. We also
      measured the optimum pH on partially purified protoporphyrinogen oxidase from
      solubilized human mitochondrial membranes. Like the rat enzyme, the human enzyme
      had a molecular weight of congruent to 32,000 as determined by gel filtration,
      but its optimum pH was the same as that of the membrane-bound enzyme. The
      apparent Km for protoporphyrinogen IX of the membrane-bound enzyme was a function
      of the pH; Km = 0.16 microM at pH 7.2, 0.33 microM at pH 8.0, and 0.55 microM at
      pH 8.5. Moreover, there was inhibition by excess protoporphyrinogen IX (KI = 5
      microM at pH 7.2). The human enzyme was able to catalyze the oxidation of
      mesoporphyrinogen IX to mesoporphyrin IX. In this case, the Lineweaver-Burk plot
      of the data showed a biphasic curve with two different apparent Km's for
      mesoporphyrinogen IX of 0.5 microM (Vmax = 2.40 nmol h-1 mg-1) and 4 microM (Vmax
      = 5.7 nmol h-1 mg-1). Human liver protoporphyrinogen oxidase was sensitive to
      inhibition by some metalloporphyrins such as Mn- and Co-protoporphyrin, and to a
      lesser degree by Cd-, Ni- and Fe-protoporphyrin (heme). Cu-, Mg-, Sn-, and Zn
      protoporphyrins were not inhibitors of the activity. A detailed study of the
      inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase by cobalt-protoporphyrin shows a
      noncompetitive mechanism of inhibition with respect to protoporphyrinogen IX
      (KIapp = 0.8 microM).

PMID- 4051501
TI  - Guinea pig liver aldehyde oxidase as a sulfoxide reductase: its purification and
      characterization.
AB  - Guinea pig aldehyde oxidase was purified about 120-fold at a yield of 26% from
      liver cytosol by sequential column chromatography using DEAE-cellulose, FMN
      Sepharose 4B, and Sephacryl S-300. The purified enzyme showed many similarities
      with the rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase reported by other workers with respect to
      its absolute spectra, molecular weight, and cofactor compositions of molybdenum,
      FAD, and nonheme iron. This enzyme efficiently utilized 2-hydroxypyrimidine and
      benzaldehyde as electron donors while N1-methylnicotinamide was 40 times less
      effective than 2-hydroxypyrimidine. Diphenyl sulfoxide was reduced anaerobically
      to diphenyl sulfide in the presence of electron donors. This activity was highly
      susceptible to SKF 525-A as well as the known inhibitors for aldehyde oxidase
      such as menadione, estradiol, and potassium cyanide. This enzyme also reduced
      dibenzyl sulfoxide, phenothiazine sulfoxide, D-biotin methyl ester d-sulfoxide,
      and quinoline N-oxide, but not L-methionine sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfoxide, D
      biotin methyl ester l-sulfoxide, and D-biotin d- and l-sulfoxides, as well as
      diphenyl sulfone. These results indicate that aldehyde oxidase in guinea pig
      liver functions as a sulfoxide reductase with selective substrate specificity
      under anaerobic conditions.

PMID- 4051502
TI  - Novel glutathione conjugates formed from epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs).
AB  - The catalysis of glutathione (GSH) conjugation to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids
      (EETs) by various purified isozymes of glutathione S-transferase was studied. A
      GSH conjugate of 14,15-EET was isolated by HPLC and TLC; this metabolite
      contained one molecule of EET and one molecule of GSH. Fast atom bombardment mass
      spectrometry of the isolated metabolite confirmed the structure as a GSH
      conjugate of 14,15-EET. Studies designed to determine the isozyme specificity of
      this reaction demonstrated that two isozymes, 3-3, and 5-5, efficiently catalyzed
      this conjugation reaction. The Km values for 14,15-EET were approximately 10
      microM and the Vmax values ranged from 25 to 60 nmol conjugate formed min-1 mg-1
      purified transferase 3-3 and 5-5. The 5,6-, 8,9-, and 11,12-EETs were also
      substrates for the reaction, albeit at lower rates. These results demonstrate
      that the EETs can serve as substrates for the cytosolic glutathione S
      transferases.

PMID- 4051503
TI  - Reciprocal effects of 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid on fatty acid oxidation.
AB  - Under certain incubation conditions 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid (TOFA)
      stimulated the oxidation of palmitate by hepatocytes, as observed by others. A
      decrease in malonyl-CoA concentration accompanied the stimulation of oxidation.
      Under other conditions, however, TOFA inhibited fatty acid oxidation. The
      observed effects of TOFA depended on the TOFA and fatty acid concentrations, the
      cell concentration, the time of TOFA addition relative to the addition of fatty
      acid, and the nutritional state of the animal (fed or starved). The data indicate
      that only under limited incubation conditions may TOFA be used as an inhibitor of
      fatty acid synthesis without inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. When rat liver
      mitochondria were preincubated with TOFA, ketogenesis from palmitate was slightly
      inhibited (up to 20%) at TOFA concentrations that were less than that of CoA, but
      the inhibition became almost complete (up to 90%) when TOFA was greater than or
      equal to the CoA concentration. TOFA had only slight or no inhibitory effects on
      the oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA, palmitoyl(-)carnitine, or butyrate. Since TOFA
      can be converted to TOFyl-CoA, the data suggest that the inhibition of fatty acid
      oxidation from palmitate results from the decreased availability of CoA for
      extramitochondrial activation of fatty acids. These data, along with previous
      data of others, indicate that inhibition of fatty acid oxidation by CoA
      sequestration is a common mechanism of a group of carboxylic acid inhibitors. A
      general caution is appropriate with regard to the interpretation of results when
      using TOFA in studies of fatty acid oxidation.

PMID- 4051504
TI  - Preservation of freeze-dried liposomes by trehalose.
AB  - One of the practical difficulties with the frequently proposed use of liposomes
      for delivery of water-soluble substances to cells in whole organisms is that
      liposomes are relatively unstable during storage. We have studied the ability of
      trehalose, a carbohydrate commonly found at high concentrations in organisms
      capable of surviving dehydration, to stabilize dry liposomes. With trehalose both
      inside and outside the bilayer, almost 100% of trapped solute was retained in
      rehydrated vesicles previously freeze-dried with 1.8 g trehalose/g dry
      phospholipid. Trehalose is very effective at inhibiting fusion between liposomes
      during drying, as assessed by freeze-fracture and resonance energy transfer
      between fluorescent probes incorporated into the bilayer. However, inhibition of
      fusion alone does not account for the preservation of the dry liposomes, since
      the concentration of trehalose required to prevent leakage is more than 10-fold
      that required to prevent fusion. We provide evidence that stabilization of the
      dry liposomes requires depression of transition temperature and consequent
      maintenance of the constituent lipids in the dry liposomes in a liquid
      crystalline phase.

PMID- 4051505
TI  - Demethylation and denitrosation of nitrosamines by cytochrome P-450 isozymes.
AB  - Metabolism of nitrosamines was studied in a reconstituted monooxygenase system
      composed of cytochrome P-450 isozymes purified from liver microsomes of ethanol-
      and phenobarbital-treated rats. The ethanol-induced isozyme (P-450et) was
      efficient in catalyzing the demethylation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), with
      a Km of 2.4 mM and Vmax of 7.2 nmol min-1 nmol P-450(-1), but less active with N
      nitrosomethylbenzylamine and N-nitrosomethylaniline. The phenobarbital-induced
      form (P-450b) was ineffective in NDMA metabolism but was active in catalyzing the
      demethylation of N-nitrosomethylaniline, with an estimated Km of 0.08 mM and a
      Vmax of 7.2 nmol min-1 nmol-1. P-450et also catalyzed the denitrosation of NDMA
      with a Km of 13.6 mM and a Vmax of 1.36 nmol min-1 nmol-1. With control liver
      microsomes, multiple Km values were observed for the demethylation and
      denitrosation of NDMA. Involvement of superoxide radicals in the metabolism of
      NDMA was suggested by the action of superoxide dismutase, which inhibited the
      denitrosation by 43 to 73% and the demethylation by 13 to 22% in different
      monooxygenase systems. The P-450et-dependent NDMA demethylation was strongly
      inhibited by 2-phenylethylamine and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; these compounds were
      previously believed not to be inhibitors of P-450-dependent reactions but were
      found to inhibit microsomal NDMA demethylase. The present results establish the
      role of P-450 in nitrosamine metabolism and help to clarify some of the previous
      confusion in this area of research.

PMID- 4051506
TI  - Photosynthesis-related infrared light transmission changes in spinach leaf
      segments.
AB  - The time courses of infrared light transmission changes and fluorescence induced
      by light in spinach leaf segments were measured. The illumination by red light
      exhibited a complex wave pattern. The transmission approached the baseline after
      repeating decreases and increases. Illumination by far-red light decreased the
      transmission. One of the differences between the two responses was the difference
      between the two amplitudes of the first increasing component. The component in
      the red light response was larger than the component in the far-red light
      response. The transmission decrease by far-red light is supposed to correspond to
      "red drop." The transmission decrease by far-red light was suppressed by red
      light. This is due to an activation of a transmission-increasing component. This
      probably corresponds to "enhancement." A proportional correlation existed between
      the intensity of far-red light and the minimum intensity of red light that
      suppressed the transmission decrease induced by far-red light. The component
      which made Peak D in the time course of fluorescence yield and the first
      increasing component in the transmission changes were suppressed by intense
      light.

PMID- 4051507
TI  - Characterization of microsomal and cytosolic alpha-1,2-mannosidases from mung
      bean hypocotyls.
AB  - Microsomal and cytosolic alpha-mannosidase activities, which hydrolyze alpha-1,2
      mannosyl-mannose linkages in the Man5GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide, have been isolated
      from homogenates of mung bean hypocotyls. The alpha-1,2-mannosidase activities
      were readily distinguished from previously described aryl alpha-mannosidases by
      several criteria. They were optimally active in the presence of Ca2+ between pH
      5.5 and 6, they were inhibited by Zn2+, and they had essentially no activity with
      p-nitrophenyl-alpha-mannoside. The microsomal and cytosolic alpha-1,2
      mannosidases demonstrated specificity for oligosaccharides with terminal
      nonreducing alpha-1,2-mannosyl linkages, and they were inhibited by mannosyl
      mannose disaccharides, with the inhibition decreasing in the order of alpha-1,2
      greater than alpha-1,3-greater than alpha-1,6-mannosyl-mannose. The cytosolic
      alpha-1,2-mannosidase activity, which was present in the 100,000 g supernatant,
      was separated from the aryl alpha-mannosidase by ammonium sulfate precipitation.
      The microsomal alpha-1,2-mannosidase, which was tightly associated with the
      particulate fraction, was solubilized with Triton X-100 and 0.2 M KCl. The two
      alpha-1,2-mannosidase activities were readily differentiated by gel-filtration
      chromatography. The solubilized microsomal enzyme chromatographed in
      approximately the same position as a Mr 460,000 globular protein whereas the
      cytosolic enzyme was eluted in a retarded position, indicating a much smaller
      protein.

PMID- 4051508
TI  - [The pace of development of approved anticancer agents in Japan].
AB  - We investigated the pace of development of 48 approved anticancer agents except
      for endocrine in Japan up to the end of 1984. Forty-six new anticancer agents on
      which phase I-II studies had been carried out in our department from 1963 to 1984
      and 34 anticancer agents approved in the USA were also referred to. Forty-eight
      approved drugs consisted of 23 domestic and 25 imported types. It was shown that
      the ability to develop new anticancer agents in Japan had grown remarkably after
      around 1970. Fourteen new domestic anticancer agents had been approved after
      1973, whereas only 8 imported ones had been approved in the same period. Although
      more anticancer agents were approved in Japan than in the USA, the marketing of
      some anticancer agents approved in Japan was discontinued because of the lack of
      sufficient efficacy on reevaluation study or reduced efficacy compared with newly
      developed anticancer agents. Anticancer agents approved in the USA had a tendency
      to be used all over the world and for a long period. Many new domestic anticancer
      agents approved recently and which are under phase studies are derivatives of
      fluorinated pyrimidines, cytosine arabinoside and anthracyclines. The development
      of new domestic anticancer agents with an entirely new mode of action is
      therefore desirable.

PMID- 4051509
TI  - [A newly devised chemo-embolic agent, G. T. XIII-ADM].
AB  - In order to bring about ideal chemotherapy, targeting, topical maintenance,
      sustained release and no side effects of the anticancer agent are essential.
      Adriamycin (ADM) was immobilized on absorbable gelatin material (G) together with
      thrombin (T) and factor XIII (XIII) to form such an agent, "G . T . XIII-ADM".
      The material was applied as an embolic agent in experimental transcatheter
      arterial chemo-embolization (TACE) in rabbits with VX2-carcinoma. Response rate
      of the tumor (CR + PR) was 75% for "G . T . XIII-ADM", and 28.6% for intra
      arterial infusion (IA) of ADM. The ADM was maintained for a long period both in
      the tumors and the metastatic lymph nodes, in the animals given the chemo-embolic
      agent. The materials were then clinically prescribed as an embolic agent in
      preoperative TACE for patients with locally advanced breast cancer. The oncolytic
      effects obtained with the "G . T . XIII-ADM" were remarkably favorable and the
      side effects were almost nil. These positive data suggest that "G . T . XIII-ADM"
      has great potential as a new approach to cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 4051510
TI  - [Selective hepatic arterial infusion of liposomes containing antitumor agents].
AB  - To improve the targeting effect in cancer chemotherapy, liposomes containing
      Adriamycin (Lip-ADM) and monoclonal antibody-conjugated Lip-ADM (Lip-ADM = Ab)
      were prepared and examined experimentally and clinically. The liposomes used as
      biodegradable drug carriers, were prepared from a lipid mixture of egg yolk
      phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and dipalmitoyl phosphatidic acid and Adriamycin
      (ADM) solution was added to prepare multilamellar vesicles (MLV). Small
      unilamellar vesicles (SUV) were prepared from MLV by sonication and monoclonal
      antibodies were conjugated to SUV by the SPDP method. Experimentally, antigen
      specific acceleration of in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects was observed. As
      a high tissue distribution of Lip-ADM in the liver was observed and as sinusoidal
      capillaries, which are found in the liver, were expected to allow penetration of
      liposomes through the relatively large gaps in the endothelium into the
      underlying organ parenchymal cells, clinical application of Lip-ADM was started
      for patients with hepatic metastasis of gastrointestinal cancer by selective
      hepatic arterial infusion. Ten patients were treated by Lip-ADM which was
      administered at 8-30 mg/body cumulatively. No serious adverse reaction was
      observed except slight fever and leukocytopenia. The preliminary evaluation of
      anti-tumor effects on hepatic metastasis was LPR, 1MR, 6NC and 1PD. Repeat
      administrations of Lip-ADM or Lip-ADM = Ab using a retained infusion catheter and
      silicone reservoir were started in order to improve the more accelerated clinical
      effects.

PMID- 4051511
TI  - [Phase II study of 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyl-adriamycin (THP-ADM) in patients with
      gynecological cancer].
AB  - We conducted a joint phase II study in 76 patients with gynecological cancer (42
      patients with ovarian cancer, 22 patients with cervical cancer, 10 patients with
      endometrial cancer and 2 patients with vaginal cancer). The response rate was
      25.0% in the patients with ovarian cancer, 13.3% in those with cervical cancer,
      and 28.6% in those with endometrial cancer. The overall response rate was 23.1%.
      When the patients were classified according to dose schedules, the highest
      response rate was obtained in the group administered THP-ADM at a dose of 60 mg
      per body by single i.v. injection at 3-week intervals. Such side effects as
      myelosuppression and gastrointestinal disturbances were observed, but alopecia, a
      marked side-effect of ADM administration, was mild, and no cardiac toxicity was
      seen in any of the patients.

PMID- 4051512
TI  - [Experimental study on immunochemotherapy (PSK, CQ) in rat bladder cancer (BC
      47)].
AB  - Cancer of the urinary bladder is a tumor with the highest frequency among
      urogenital cancers, and more-over, its recurrence rate is high. It is considered
      important and urgently necessary to conduct studies into the prevention of
      recurrence of this cancer. We have started a Study Group on Postoperative
      Maintenance Therapy for Bladder Tumor (Tokyo), and conducted group studies on the
      prevention of recurrence. Fundamental experiments have been performed, and the
      following results obtained. Antitumor effects of PSK in combination with CQ for
      bladder carcinoma were studied using male ACI rats. An established bladder
      carcinoma cell line, BC47 was transplanted into the backs of rats subcutaneously
      prior to the administration of PSK and CQ. Inhibitory effect on tumor growth and
      prolongation of survival period were examined. Although single-agent PSK or CQ
      both had inhibitory effects on transplanted tumors as well as on metastatic
      tumors in the lung, more remarkable effects were noticed as a result of
      combination treatment. Prolongation of lifespan using combination therapy was
      superior to that using single treatment and the rats of decrease in body weight
      was also lower. These results do not necessarily clarify the antitumor
      mechanisms, but the immune system, probably non-specifically, may take part in
      the mechanism judged from the accumulated results obtained from in vivo systems.
      We think that the combinational effects of these two drugs on general condition
      are probably originated from inhibition of tumor growth since the inhibition,
      prolongation of lifespan, change of body weight and so on were closely correlated
      with each other. However, the direct effect of these drugs may also be counted.
      The combination therapy of PSK and CQ seemed to be useful against rat bladder
      carcinoma, BC47. We therefore intend to proceed with group study trials of
      Postoperative Maintenance Therapy for Bladder Tumor.

PMID- 4051513
TI  - [Tissue concentration of 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin in renal cell carcinoma
      and urinary bladder tumor].
AB  - Each of 5 patients with renal cell carcinoma and urinary bladder tumor who were
      operated on at the department of urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
      and its affiliated hospitals, received 20 mg of 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin
      (THP) intravenously at the beginning of surgery. Heparinized peripheral blood
      samples were collected at regular intervals and separated in plasma and blood
      cell fractions by centrifugation for the estimation of THP. The THP concentration
      of the surgical specimen was also studied. In renal cell carcinoma, the surgical
      specimen was divided into cytoplasm and nuclear fractions, and the THP
      concentration in each fraction was measured. The THP concentration gradually
      decreased in the plasma and blood cell fractions with passage of time after the
      administration in both renal cell carcinoma and urinary bladder tumor. In renal
      cell carcinoma, although the tumor revealed a lower concentration of THP compared
      with the normal renal cortex and medulla, the nuclear fraction of the tumor
      showed a higher concentration than those of the normal renal cortex and medulla.
      In contrast to renal cell carcinoma, the THP concentration of the urinary bladder
      tumor was found to be higher than those of the normal urinary bladder mucosa and
      muscle.

PMID- 4051514
TI  - [Antiemetic combination of metoclopramide and methylprednisolone for cisplatin
      induced vomiting].
AB  - An antiemetic combination of metoclopramide and methylprednisolone was
      administered to 16 lung cancer patients receiving cisplatin (80 cmg/m2) alone or
      in combination with other drugs. Metoclopramide was administered four times
      intravenously at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg. Methylprednisolone was administered three
      times intravenously at a dose of 125 mg. Sixteen patients received a total of 34
      chemotherapy courses. No vomiting occurred in 70% of 34 chemotherapy courses and
      mild emesis (one or two vomiting episodes) occurred in 18% of chemotherapy
      courses. Side effects were minimal and included mild sleepiness (nine patients),
      diarrhea (three patients), and hiccups (three patients). It is concluded that a
      combination of metoclopramide and methylprednisolone is very effective in
      preventing cisplatin-induced vomiting.

PMID- 4051515
TI  - [Antiproliferative activities of interferon-alpha].
AB  - The antiproliferative activities of human lymphoblastoid interferon-alpha (MOR
      22) against 22 cultured human cell lines were examined. Daudi cells and ACHN
      cells were highly sensitive to interferon compared with other human cells. The
      cell lines derived from renal and brain tumors showed concentration-dependent
      growth inhibition as determined from a 7-day growth curve but the concentration
      dependency was different in various cell lines. It was shown that longer exposure
      to interferon was necessary to obtain antiproliferative activity, and cell growth
      inhibition was completely reversible by washing the cultures. It was suggested
      that interferon had a time-dependent antiproliferative action.

PMID- 4051516
TI  - [Effects of combination chemotherapy M-VEMFH including mitoxantrone in advanced
      breast cancer].
AB  - The effects of combination chemotherapy including mitoxantrone (MXN) "M-VEMFH"
      for advanced breast cancer were studied. The M-VEMFH regimen consisted of MXN 7
      mg/m2, VCR 0.7 mg/m2, EX 333 mg/m2, MTX 13.3 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1, 5-FU 333 mg/m2
      i.v. from day 1 to day 5 and pred. (H) 60 mg/m2 p.o. with tapering off in 2
      weeks. In 7 cases heavily pretreated with combination chemotherapy including ADR,
      CR 2, PR 2, NC 2 and PD 1 were observed (response rate 57.1%). In 5 cases without
      prior ADR, PR 1, NC 2 and PD 2 were obtained. One case given 586 mg/m2 of prior
      ADR died of congestive heart failure after administration of 47 mg/m2 of NXN. One
      case died of sepsis. The other side effects were stomatitis, vulvitis, abnormal
      gustation, nausea, vomiting and alopecia. M-VEMFH is effective combination
      chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer resistant to ADR, but care must be
      exerted due to the accompanying cardiotoxicity and leukopenia.

PMID- 4051517
TI  - [Effect of treatment with synthetic eel-calcitonin derivative in patients
      suffering pain due to bone metastases].
AB  - Synthetic Calcitonin Derivative obtained from eel (eel-calcitonin) was given to
      15 patients suffering from pain due to bone metastases of malignant tumors. The
      analgesic effect of synthetic eel-calcitonin derivative was evaluated through
      pain and narcotic score with the Ridit method. With regard to pain score,
      significant analgesic effect was observed in the first week (p less than 0.001),
      and after a month there was also a decrease in the narcotic score (p less than
      0.05). However, changes in serum Ca, P, ALP values, and the findings of bone
      scintigrams and roentgenography, rarely occurred following the treatment. The
      toxicities of eel-calcitonin which were observed in this series were as follows;
      nausea and vomiting (33%), flush (11%), eruption (6%). These findings suggest
      that synthetic eel-calcitonin derivative is a very useful agent for pain due to
      bone metastases.

PMID- 4051518
TI  - [In vitro chemosensitivity of various human tumors evaluated by the SDI
      (succinate dehydrogenase inhibition) test].
AB  - In vitro chemosensitivity was evaluated by SDI test in various human tumors
      including 1 lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer, 10 gastric cancers, 4
      colo-rectal cancers, 1 hepatoma, 2 lung cancers, 2 breast cancers and 1
      gallbladder cancer. Tumor fragments cut with scissors were exposed to twelve
      kinds of antitumor drugs at five to ten times peak plasma concentration. After 3
      days at 37 degrees C, each tumor fragment suspension was washed with phosphate
      buffered saline and assayed for succinate dehydrogenase (SD) activity using 3
      (4,5- dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) as a
      hydrogen acceptor. When the SD activity of the drug-treated cells was reduced to
      below 50% that of control cells, the chemosensitivity to the antitumor drug was
      considered positive. The chemosensitivity of each tumor varied individually.
      Mitomycin C or 5-fluorouracil are regularly used to treat gastric cancer
      patients, but, some specimens of gastric cancer in this study showed a resistance
      to these drugs and an unexpected sensitivity to other drugs. Our results show
      that the SDI test is a convenient method for clinical use and gives significant
      information about drug sensitivity.

PMID- 4051519
TI  - [Antitumor activities of orally administered 4-carbamoylimidazolium-5-olate (SM
      108)].
AB  - We investigated the antitumor effect of orally administered SM-108. The drug
      showed strong antitumor activities against Ehrlich carcinoma, sarcoma 180, P388
      leukemia, L1210 leukemia, colon 26 adenocarcinoma, colon 38 adenocarcinoma, and
      Lewis lung carcinoma. The antitumor activity of SM-108 against Ehrlich carcinoma
      was so remarkable, in fact, that all mice in a group survived for a long time.
      The antitumor effect of SM-108 depends on its administration schedule. Treatment
      involving a schedule of one dose every 6 h for 24 h at intervals of 3 days
      brought about a much stronger effect than daily single treatment. The maintenance
      of a high serum level of SM-108 for 24 h by the former treatment is responsible
      for the strong therapeutic effects, because the action of SM-108 is time
      dependent. The antitumor activities of SM-108 administered orally are excellent
      enough to be comparable with those obtained by intraperitoneal administration as
      previously reported.

PMID- 4051520
TI  - [Effects of in vitro hyperthermia on adriamycin uptake in Ehrlich ascites cells].

PMID- 4051521
TI  - [Duration of remission in advanced gastric cancer patients responding to
      sequential dose of MTX and 5-FU].

PMID- 4051523
TI  - Acyclovir therapy for eczema herpeticum in infants.

PMID- 4051522
TI  - [Studies of tumor cell kinetics by clonogenic assay].

PMID- 4051525
TI  - What can we believe?

PMID- 4051524
TI  - Griseofulvin-oral contraceptive interaction.

PMID- 4051526
TI  - An evaluation of method reporting and use in clinical trials in dermatology.
AB  - In a survey of 62 clinical trials published in four dermatology journals,
      recommended methodology was reported 41% of the time. Of the 62 trials, 31 were
      open drug trials and 27 were controlled trials. Forty-one percent of 13
      recommended methodologic items were reported in these articles. The rate of
      reporting for these items ranged from 3% for power and method of randomization to
      76% for loss to follow-up and the use of a control group. There were no
      differences among journals in reporting methods used. Investigators and editors
      are encouraged to improve the reporting and use of recommended methodology in
      clinical trials published in the dermatologic literature.

PMID- 4051528
TI  - The clinical significance of periodic acid-Schiff-positive deposits in cuticle
      proximal nail fold biopsy specimens.
AB  - In vivo capillary microscopic findings and proximal nail fold biopsy specimens
      from 19 patients with various connective tissue diseases, idiopathic Raynaud's
      phenomenon, and non-connective tissue diseases were studied. Periodic acid-Schiff
      positive serous cuticular deposits were not specific to the group of patients
      with connective tissue disease. Generally, the severity of deposits correlated
      with the severity of the in vivo capillary microscopic pattern but not with
      disease severity or duration. The finding of these cuticular deposits may help to
      identify those patients with idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon who are at risk to
      develop a connective tissue disease.

PMID- 4051527
TI  - Sunscreen application and its importance for the sun protection factor.
AB  - To achieve a good sun protection, a layer thickness of 2 mg/sq cm is often
      recommended. Fifty individuals were asked to apply five different sunscreens ad
      libitum. Ten percent dihydroxyacetone was added to the sunscreens in order to
      make them fluoresce when irradiated with Wood's light. The layer thickness was
      calculated by dividing the amount applied by the area. The thicknesses of the
      sunscreen layers varied little between different parts of the body and different
      brands; in general it was close to 1 mg/sq cm. The corresponding protection
      factor was measured for two sunscreens on 20 persons. The results indicate that
      the sun protection factor under ad libitum conditions is only 50% of what would
      be achieved using a layer thickness of 2 mg/sq cm.

PMID- 4051529
TI  - Topical carmustine therapy for lymphomatoid papulosis.
AB  - Seven patients with lymphomatoid papulosis were treated with solutions of topical
      carmustine, a nitrosourea compound. Recently used schedules have employed 10 mg
      of carmustine in dilute alcohol applied to the total skin surface daily for four
      to 17 weeks (total dosage, 280 to 1,180 mg). All patients experienced a rapid
      reduction in the number and size of lesions. Maintenance therapy consisted of
      local applications of carmustine (2 to 4 mg/mL of 95% ethanol) to individual new
      papules. This method was effective in suppressing disease activity and reduced by
      half the average life cycle of individual lesions. However, long-term lesion-free
      remissions were not seen. Bone marrow depression did not occur.

PMID- 4051530
TI  - Transient acantholytic dermatosis (Grover's disease). A skin disorder related to
      heat and sweating.
AB  - We report seven cases of transient acantholytic dermatosis (Grover's disease) to
      exemplify a causal association with heat and sweating. The excessive heat and
      sweating was related to the use of a hot tub, a hot water bottle, a steam bath,
      an electric blanket, the prolonged wearing of a polyester suit, and postoperative
      bed confinement.

PMID- 4051531
TI  - Goodpasture's syndrome associated with skin involvement.
AB  - To our knowledge, skin lesions associated with Goodpasture's syndrome have not
      been reported to date. A patient developed discrete, macular, erythematous
      lesions on the instep of his foot, noted at the time of his admission to the
      hospital for treatment of Goodpasture's syndrome. Investigation showed
      perivasculitis and significant deposits of IgM and C3 at the dermoepidermal
      junction in the lesion site but not in the nearby skin. IgM deposits in the skin
      are unusual and the same immunoglobulin is found in the kidney in this syndrome.
      IgM deposit was absent from control samples of skin from four other patients with
      this syndrome. It is possible that these findings are significant.

PMID- 4051532
TI  - Oral lesions in pityriasis rosea.
AB  - Oral lesions are not commonly reported with pityriasis rosea (PR). We encountered
      a patient with clinical and histologic evidence of PR who developed aphthous
      ulcer-like oral lesions on the buccal mucosa, palate, and tongue. The oral
      lesions resolved concomitantly with the patient's skin lesions. The previous
      literature reports a wide variety of oral lesions in association with PR, but few
      dermatologists, to our knowledge, are aware of such an occurrence.

PMID- 4051533
TI  - Leukonychia punctata and pitted nails in alopecia areata.
AB  - A 36-year-old man with long-standing alopecia areata was noted to have both
      leukonychia punctata and pitted nails. Histopathologic evaluation of the
      leukonychia punctata revealed multiple discrete parakeratotic foci throughout the
      entire thickness of the nail plate, suggesting both proximal and distal matrix
      involvement. The finding of shallow pits lined with residual adherent
      parakeratotic cells suggests that the pathogenesis of nail pits in alopecia
      areata is similar to that of psoriasis; a result of shedding of parakeratotic
      cell aggregates from the nail plate.

PMID- 4051534
TI  - Maculopapular rash in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
      Disseminated histoplasmosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

PMID- 4051535
TI  - A draining arm lesion in a female adult. Lymphangiosarcoma (LAS) of Stewart
      Treves syndrome.

PMID- 4051536
TI  - Psychological management of overdose in young people.

PMID- 4051537
TI  - Early seizures indicate quality of perinatal care.
AB  - An analysis of antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum variables was performed in
      a retrospective controlled study of 34 normally formed term infants who had
      perinatal asphyxia and subsequently displayed generalised seizures within 48
      hours of birth. The aim was to identify any association, firstly between these
      variables and seizures, and secondly between these variables and subsequent
      morbidity and mortality among the seizure group. Maternal age greater than 35
      years, duration of labour, meconium stained liquor, abnormal intrapartum fetal
      heart rate trace, and operative delivery were associated with seizures. A low
      Apgar score at five minutes, and intermittent positive pressure ventilation at
      birth of longer than 10 minutes were associated with subsequent morbidity and
      mortality. A striking relation between poor intrauterine growth and either death
      or handicap in the asphyxia group emphasised the value of growth measurements as
      a predictor of outcome. The overall incidence of seizures was 1.6 per 1000 term
      deliveries. There was a significant correlation between the seizure incidence and
      the intrapartum mortality rate. The incidence of seizures secondary to asphyxia
      in term infants, occurring less than 48 hours after delivery, may be a valuable
      index of the quality of perinatal care.

PMID- 4051538
TI  - Plasma concentrations after oral or intramuscular vitamin K1 in neonates.
AB  - One hundred and seven healthy, breast fed infants received 1 mg vitamin K1 either
      at birth (orally or intramuscularly) or with the first feed (orally). Venous
      blood samples collected in the next 24 hours were assayed for plasma vitamin K1.
      In babies given the vitamin orally at birth, the peak median concentration (73
      ng/ml) occurred at four hours. By 24 hours median plasma concentrations had
      fallen to 23 ng/ml and 35 ng/ml in the groups fed vitamin K1 at birth or with the
      first feed, respectively; this difference was not, however, significant. Plasma
      concentrations after intramuscular injection exceeded those in the oral groups at
      all comparable times, with a peak median concentration of 1781 ng/ml at 12 hours
      falling to 444 ng/ml at 24 hours. Since median plasma vitamin K1 concentrations
      24 hours after oral administration were some 100 times and 1000 times greater
      than previously estimated adult and newborn values respectively, this study
      supports giving vitamin K1 orally at birth to well, mature babies to protect
      against early haemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Further studies are needed to
      determine the optimum dose for protection over subsequent weeks.

PMID- 4051539
TI  - Association of diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and
      deafness. The Wolfram or DIDMOAD syndrome.
AB  - Seven patients with a rare syndrome of diabetes insipidus (DI), diabetes mellitus
      (DM), optic atrophy (OA), neurosensory deafness (D), atony of the urinary tract,
      and other abnormalities (Wolfram or DIDMOAD syndrome) are reported. Of the seven
      patients, three siblings were followed up for 10-17 years. All seven patients had
      diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy; six had diabetes insipidus; and in the four
      patients investigated there was dilatation of the urinary tract. The severity of
      diabetes varied, and all required insulin for control of the hyperglycaemia. In
      one patient the course of the disease simulated maturity onset diabetes of the
      young; another presented with ketoacidosis; but none had haplotypes usually
      associated with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The diabetes insipidus
      responded to chlorpropamide, suggesting partial antidiuretic hormone deficiency.
      Onset of optic atrophy and loss of vision occurred relatively late and progressed
      slowly, although in one patient there was a rapid deterioration in visual acuity.
      Deafness was mild, of late onset, and of sensorineural origin. A degenerative
      process affecting the central and peripheral nervous system can explain all the
      manifestations of the syndrome except diabetes mellitus. The pathogenesis of the
      diabetes mellitus remains obscure.

PMID- 4051540
TI  - Length measurement in small neonates.
AB  - The Prematometer is a new instrument for the accurate measurement of the length
      of small neonates inside incubators. It is capable of giving precise results.

PMID- 4051541
TI  - Neonatal skinfold thickness. Measurement and interpretation at or near term.
AB  - Skinfold thickness was measured at five sites in 750 infants. The study
      population was unselected except that twin pregnancies and the infants of
      diabetic mothers were excluded, and very preterm infants were under represented.
      A pilot study had indicated that skinfold measurement was most reproducible at
      the thigh site. Thigh skinfold correlated better with the sum of other skinfolds
      than did skinfold measurement at any other site and closely resembled the summed
      skinfold in correlations with a number of maternal and fetal variables. Median
      skinfold increased with birthweight and was greater in girls than in boys.
      'Corrected skinfold', a mathematical approach to comparing skinfolds in infants
      of differing sex and birthweight, is suggested as an alternative to absolute
      skinfold measurement.

PMID- 4051542
TI  - Food related asthma: a difference between two ethnic groups.
AB  - A survey of reported, food related asthma was carried out among children referred
      to hospital. Ninety nine replies were received from a postal questionnaire and 78
      other children were interviewed personally. Both survey methods gave similar
      results. Symptoms from at least one item of diet were significantly more
      frequently reported by Asian than non-Asian children (91%:58% respectively). Ice,
      fizzy drinks, fried food, and nuts were incriminated significantly more often by
      the Asian children, but there was no difference in the prevalence of asthma
      associated with orange squash, milk, chocolate, or eggs. This ethnic difference
      could not be explained by a difference in severity of asthma. Results are
      presented of six Asian children who showed increased bronchial responsiveness
      after eating chips but not potato, thereby confirming their claim of asthma
      induced by fried foods. This report shows that food as a trigger of asthma is
      much more common than is generally accepted, particularly in Asian children.

PMID- 4051543
TI  - Ethnic differences in congenital malformations.
AB  - Perinatal deaths and major lethal and non-lethal congenital malformations
      occurring in this hospital from 1979-82 inclusive were related to the ethnic
      group of the 15 438 mothers. The highest crude perinatal mortality rates occurred
      in Indian and Pakistani populations (18.3 per 1000 and 24.1 per 1000
      respectively). The highest incidence of congenital abnormality also occurred in
      these groups (13.3 per 1000 and 12.8 per 1000 respectively), but there was
      considerable variation in the distribution of different malformations.

PMID- 4051544
TI  - Birth size in Indian ethnic subgroups born in Britain.
AB  - Comparison in size at birth was made among Indian mothers of Hindu, Sikh, and
      Moslem origin living in Leicester and their infants, and white mothers and their
      infants. White infants were significantly heavier than infants from all Asian
      subgroups studied and had larger heads. Sikh babies were significantly longer and
      heavier than Moslem and Hindu babies, and in some respects were more comparable
      to white infants than their Indian peers. There were no important differences
      between the Moslem and Hindu babies.

PMID- 4051545
TI  - Acute hypothyroidism in a 3 year old.
AB  - A 3 year old girl presented with a three week history of lethargy, constipation,
      and joint swelling. Investigation showed primary hypothyroidism associated with
      immunological changes including thyroglobulin antibodies. Reassessment several
      months after beginning thyroxine treatment confirmed persisting hypothyroidism.
      Primary hypothyroidism may present as a rapid onset disorder.

PMID- 4051546
TI  - Favourite words.
AB  - A prospective survey of language used by children aged between 2 and 16 years for
      'taboo subjects' was carried out on a paediatric surgical ward and in the
      outpatients clinic. The children were interviewed in the presence of their
      parent(s). A remarkable diversity of words and phrases was noted. Language was
      affected by the age and sex of the patient. This survey is of interest to all
      clinicians who need to communicate with children.

PMID- 4051547
TI  - Duodenal perforation associated with tolazoline.
AB  - A neonate, managed with tolazoline for pulmonary hypertension after repair of a
      congenital diaphragmatic hernia, developed a duodenal perforation. The role of
      tolazoline in this condition is discussed, and possible measures to reduce its
      gastrointestinal side effects are proposed.

PMID- 4051548
TI  - Poverty and human development in the Third World.

PMID- 4051549
TI  - A service for problem families.

PMID- 4051550
TI  - Rectal examination in appendicitis.

PMID- 4051551
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome.

PMID- 4051552
TI  - Dress of infants in health and illness.

PMID- 4051553
TI  - Anti-macrophage antiserum in the treatment of experimentally induced
      incontinentia pigmenti histologica.
AB  - To facilitate the removal of dermal melanin which is located in melanophages of
      the skin, we studied the effect of anti-macrophage antiserum on the elimination
      of dermal melanin in incontinentia pigmenti histologica. Although a pronounced
      inflammatory reaction was produced at the sites injected with the antiserum, no
      significant decrease in the amounts of radioactive melanosomes was observed at
      the injected sites. The failure of the intradermal injection of the antiserum to
      remove melanin pigment could have been due to the very low mobility of the newly
      recruited macrophages.

PMID- 4051554
TI  - Production of acid and neutral cysteine-proteinase inhibitors by a cultured human
      skin epithelium cell line.
AB  - Human skin epithelial-like cells (NCTC-strain 2544) were grown in RPMI-1640
      medium supplemented with foetal calf serum for up to 2 weeks. The culture medium
      and extracts made from the cells were subjected to gel-filtration chromatography
      in a Sephacryl S-200 column for fractionation of the proteins. The fractions were
      assayed for acid and neutral cysteine-proteinase inhibitor (ACPI, NCPI) using
      time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay and radioimmunoassay, and the cysteine-proteinase
      inhibiting activities were assayed using papain. Free NCPI, i.e. a molecule with
      isoelectric variants at pHs 6.0 and 6.5, which has an Mr of around 12,000 and is
      capable of inhibiting papain, was detected both in the culture medium and in the
      cells. Immunodiffusion studies revealed its immunological identity with human
      spleen-derived NCPI. The amount of NCPI increased during the incubation period.
      ACPI--characterized as a molecule having an isoelectric point of 4.9, an Mr of
      about 12,000, papain-inhibiting capacity and antigenic reactivity with spleen
      derived ACPI--was not detected in the culture medium. It was, however, detected
      in the cells after 2 weeks in culture. These data prove that ACPI and NCPI are
      synthesized by the NCTC-2544 cells under the present culture conditions.

PMID- 4051555
TI  - Comparison of differentiation patterns in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
      treated epidermis and fetal epidermis.
AB  - 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-treated adult epidermis as well as
      untreated fetal and adult epidermis were investigated to elucidate the effect of
      TPA in terms of cell differentiation using techniques of ultrastructural
      stereology. Twenty-four hours after a single application of TPA, the treated
      epidermis was characterized by involutional changes, i.e., increased volume
      density of intercellular spaces and of mitochondria, vacuoles, and cytoplasmic
      ground substance in the basal layer. However, 48 h after application, the TPA
      treated epidermis was very similar to fetal epidermis, i.e., high volume density
      of nuclei ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, membrane-coating granules, and
      keratohyalin granules, and low volume density of bundled filaments in the upper
      layers. These stereological data indicate that the changes observed 48 h after
      TPA treatment were related not only to increased cell proliferation but also to
      inhibition of cell differentiation expressed as a reversion of the adult
      differentiation patterns and the acquisition of fetal characteristics in all
      epidermal layers.

PMID- 4051556
TI  - Modulation of pig epidermal adenylate-cyclase responses by protein-synthesis
      inhibitors: its relation to glucocorticoid and colchicine effects.
AB  - The effects of protein-synthesis inhibitors (actinomycin D, puromycin, and
      cycloheximide) on epidermal adenylate-cyclase responses were investigated. When
      pig skin (epidermis) was incubated in RPMI-1640 medium, the beta-adrenergic
      adenylate-cyclase response (epinephrine-induced cyclic-AMP accumulations)
      decreased, whereas the adenosine and histamine responses increased after long
      term (up to 48 h) incubation. The addition of actinomycin D or puromycin to the
      incubation medium resulted in a marked increase in epinephrine-induced cyclic-AMP
      accumulations and a decrease in adenosine- and histamine-induced cyclic-AMP
      accumulations. Cycloheximide had a weak effect on the epinephrine response, and
      had apparently stronger effects on the adenosine and histamine responses than
      actinomycin D or puromycin. Histologically, various degenerative changes of
      keratinocytes (with or without acantholytic changes) were observed after long
      term incubation with these protein-synthesis inhibitors. Both low- and high-Km
      cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activities were moderately decreased by the protein
      synthesis inhibitors. However, augmentation effects on the beta-adrenergic
      response were also observed in the presence of the cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase
      inhibitor, theophylline. We have described previously similar augmentation
      effects on the beta-adrenergic response caused by glucocorticoids and colchicine.
      Comparison of the effects of these chemicals with those of protein-synthesis
      inhibitors revealed that the most marked effects on the beta-adrenergic response
      were produced by actinomycin D, puromycin and colchicine; glucocorticoid had a
      moderate effect (hydrocortisone), while cycloheximide had only a weak
      effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4051557
TI  - Oxidized sterols inhibit the formation of podophyllin-induced metaphase figures
      in mouse vaginal epithelia.
AB  - The antimitotic activity of oxidized derivatives of cholesterol was investigated
      using an assay developed by Van Scott and Bonder. In this assay, a drug that has
      antimitotic activity and is not a metaphase-blocking agent will inhibit the
      formation of podophyllin-induced metaphase figures, as counted on histologic
      specimens. Mouse vaginal epithelia were classified as being estrogen or
      progesterone predominant on the basis of histologic criteria. Podophyllin
      injected mice in the estrogenic phase of the estrus cycle demonstrated high
      metaphase-figure counts, with an average of 284.86 +/- 132.01. In this group, all
      intravaginally administered compounds, inhibited the formation of metaphase
      figures, including a propylene-glycol ethanol vehicle (60% suppression); thus, it
      is concluded that animals in this phase are not a suitable model for assaying
      antimitotic activity. Mice in the progesterone-predominant phase of the estrus
      cycle had lower counts of podophyllin-induced metaphase figures, i.e., 142.13 +/-
      39.29. In this group, 25-OH-cholesterol was the most effective inhibitor (59%
      suppression), followed by 7-ketocholesterol (48% suppression) and methotrexate
      (40% suppression). Cholesterol (5% suppression) and vehicle (20% suppression) did
      not have any significant effects. Progesterone-predominant epithelium was only
      susceptible to methotrexate and oxidized sterols. This suggests that oxidized
      sterols may have antimitotic activity.

PMID- 4051558
TI  - In vivo recovery of mechanical properties in rat skin after repeated strain.
AB  - A new method was developed to study the in vivo recovery of mechanical properties
      of rat skin after repeated strain. Full recovery, i.e., restitutio ad integrum,
      can be observed only in in vivo experiments but not in in vitro conditions. For
      the in vivo studies, tabs were fastened on the back skin of rats to test stress
      strain behaviour both perpendicular and longitudinal to the body axis. Under
      anesthesia, skin was extended repeatedly 30 times to an elongation of up to 50%
      of the distance between the tabs. The experiment was repeated in the same animals
      at either 0.5, 1, 6, or 16 h. Differences depending on the direction of
      stretching versus body axis were observed during the first run. A decrease in
      stress values depending on the logarithm of the number of cycles was found, in
      both directions, to be attributable to the relaxation phenomenon. The measured
      stress values after 0.5, 1, and 6 h were considerably lower compared to the first
      run, thus indicating an incomplete recovery. After 16 h, an almost complete
      recovery was observed, so that, in perpendicular samples, even higher values were
      observed, thus indicating an overshooting of the repair mechanisms. The
      difficulties associated with obtaining appropriate physical and mathematical
      models for the mechanical properties of skin are discussed.

PMID- 4051559
TI  - A noninvasive, in vivo technique to quantitatively measure water concentration of
      the stratum corneum using attenuated total-reflectance infrared spectroscopy.
AB  - In order to noninvasively measure water concentration in the stratum corneum,
      infrared spectra were obtained using an attenuated total-reflectance technique in
      conjunction with Fourier transform spectroscopy. A weak water-absorbance band
      near 2,100 cm-1 was detected in both in vivo and in vitro spectra. The
      significance of this band is that it occurs in a region of the mid-infrared where
      the stratum corneum and most topically applied substances show no absorbance. In
      vitro spectra obtained as a function of ambient relative humidity showed an
      increase in the absorbance near 2,100 cm-1 with increasing water concentration in
      the stratum corneum. The combined in vivo and in vitro results lead to a
      quantitative assessment of water concentration in the uppermost layers of the
      stratum corneum.

PMID- 4051560
TI  - Decreased anchoring-fibril antigens (AF1 and AF2) in basal-cell carcinoma.

PMID- 4051561
TI  - Behavior of the fibroblasts in recessive epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica within
      a collagen lattice.

PMID- 4051562
TI  - Treatment of vasculitis with chlorpromazine and dapsone.

PMID- 4051563
TI  - L-Phenylalanine and UVA/sunlight for vitiligo.

PMID- 4051564
TI  - Worker exposure during aerial application of a liquid and a granular formulation
      of Ordram Selective Herbicide to rice.

PMID- 4051565
TI  - Evidence for toxic anthropogenic chemicals in human thrombogenic coronary
      plaques.

PMID- 4051566
TI  - Effects of the insecticide acephate on electron transfer in bovine heart
      mitochondria.

PMID- 4051567
TI  - Inhibition of metabolic cooperation in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells
      (V79) in culture by various DDT-analogs.

PMID- 4051568
TI  - In vitro induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis by genotoxic carcinogens in the
      hepatocytes of the oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau).

PMID- 4051569
TI  - Effect of toluene on fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque) development.

PMID- 4051570
TI  - Inhibition of alveolar macrophage killing by di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.

PMID- 4051571
TI  - Lysosomal enzyme release in the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque)
      exposed to cadmium.

PMID- 4051573
TI  - Fresh water swimming as a risk factor for otitis externa: a case-control study.
AB  - A case-control study was conducted in which the amount and sites (fresh-water
      lakes and rivers, chlorinated pools, or the ocean) of recent swimming by 105
      patients with otitis externa were compared with that of 239 controls. Swimming
      during the week prior to the visit was strongly associated with otitis externa.
      When the 80 cases and 127 controls with a history of recent swimming were
      compared, otitis externa was positively associated with the amount of swimming
      during the preceding week. Otitis externa was also positively associated with
      swimming in fresh water compared with ocean or pool swimming with the magnitude
      of this association being more pronounced at higher levels of exposure.

PMID- 4051572
TI  - Controlled exposure to a mixture of SO2, NO2, and particulate air pollutants:
      effects on human pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms.
AB  - Exposure of 20 volunteers to sodium chloride (NaCl) aerosol or to a mixture
      containing NaCl plus irritant particles (zinc ammonium sulfate) and irritant
      gases (nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide) produced no significant decrements in
      pulmonary function. There was a slight tendency for respiratory symptoms to be
      greater during the exposure to the mixture than during exposure to the NaCl
      aerosol alone; the differences were not statistically significant. The pollutant
      concentrations studied approximated worst-case ambient levels observed in the Los
      Angeles basin.

PMID- 4051574
TI  - Prevalence of antibodies to Legionella pneumophila among workers exposed to a
      contaminated cooling tower.
AB  - A serosurvey for antibodies to Legionella pneumophila was conducted among 206
      employees of a power-generating plant. L. pneumophila serotype 6 and a non
      typable L. pneumophila organism were isolated from cooling-tower water specimens
      at the plant, and antibody titers in workers were measured using homologous
      antigens prepared from these isolates. For the serotype 6 water isolate, none of
      workers with low cooling tower exposure, 4.6% with intermediate exposure, and
      7.6% with high exposure levels had titers equal to or greater than 1:128 (P less
      than .05, Kruskal-Wallis test). For the non-typable L. pneumophila isolate, a
      similar trend was observed, but differences among workers in the three exposure
      groups were not statistically significant. No association was observed between
      antibodies to L. pneumophila serotypes isolated from cooling water and workers'
      age, race, smoking status, or duration of job assignment. None of the study
      employees had findings suggesting the occurrence of L. pneumophila pneumonia
      since the plant had been in operation. Use of respiratory protection devices by
      workers exposed to aerosols from cooling towers was not recommended.

PMID- 4051575
TI  - Leukemia cell types and agricultural practices in Nebraska.
AB  - The risk of specific histologic types of leukemia among farmers was investigated
      using mortality records from Nebraska for the years 1957-1974. The frequency of
      farming as an occupation listed on the death certificates among 1,084 leukemia
      deaths was compared to the corresponding frequency for 2,168 controls for
      calculation of odds ratios (OR). The elevated OR for chronic lymphatic leukemia
      among farmers was statistically significant (OR = 1.67), while elevated ORs for
      acute lymphatic leukemia (OR = 1.34), acute monocytic leukemia (OR = 1.94), and
      acute unspecified leukemia (OR = 2.36) were not. Farmers who died at younger ages
      or who were born in more recent years were at greater risk of acute lymphatic,
      acute myeloid, chronic myeloid, acute unspecified, and unspecified leukemia than
      other farmers. Certain cell types were related to agricultural characteristics of
      the subject's county of residence, although few were statistically significant.
      Farmers from counties with large cattle inventories and significant dairy
      activity were at higher risk of chronic lymphatic leukemia. Farmers from major
      corn-producing, hog- and chicken-raising, and pesticide- and fertilizer-using
      counties tended to be at higher risk of acute lymphatic, acute myeloid, chronic
      myeloid, and acute unspecified leukemia than farmers from counties less involved
      in the production or use of these agricultural factors.

PMID- 4051576
TI  - A comparative study of pesticide exposures in adults and youth migrant field
      workers.
AB  - To study possible differences between pesticide exposures received by youth
      (subjects less than 16 yr of age) and adults (subjects greater than 16 yr of
      age), human exposure samples (gloves and urine) were collected during the onion
      harvesting season of 1982. Environmental samples (soil, foliage, and field air)
      were also collected during the study period. All samples were analyzed for
      toxaphene, ethyl parathion, methyl parathion, and malathion. Environmental
      samples were found to have very low levels of these insecticides. The youth
      cohort had lower residue values than did the adults, and these differences were
      statistically significant (P less than 05) for toxaphene residues on gloves on
      each sampling day, and for ethyl parathion residues on gloves on one sampling day
      only. Detectable levels of dialkyl phosphates were found in only 2 of 44 urine
      samples.

PMID- 4051577
TI  - Main and interaction effects of metal pollutants on visual-motor performance.
AB  - This study investigated possible relationships of metal levels and metal
      combinations with children's visual-motor performance. Hair-metal concentrations
      of lead, arsenic, methylmercury, cadmium, and aluminum were determined in 69
      randomly selected elementary age children. They were also administered the Bender
      Visual-Motor Gestalt Test. Parents of subjects were interviewed to control for
      confounding variables that might affect cognitive development. Regression data
      indicated that increases in aluminum and the interaction of aluminum with lead
      were significantly related to decreased visual-motor performance. Because metal
      levels and metal combinations previously thought harmless may be associated with
      visual-motor deficits, a continuing reexamination of metal poisoning
      concentrations is needed.

PMID- 4051578
TI  - Mercury in human hair: a study of residents in Madrid, Spain.
AB  - The mercury content in hair of the population in Madrid (chosen randomly) was in
      the range of 1.29-129.47 micrograms/g (geometric mean = 7.96 micrograms/g). The
      mean mercury content in hair of occupationally exposed workers was 12.70
      micrograms/g (range = 2.91-65.43 micrograms/g). The highest means, which were
      found in two families (i.e., 67.89 micrograms/g and 92.47 micrograms/g, Families
      A and B, respectively), probably resulted from external factors. No statistically
      significant variations in the mercury concentrations in hair were found with
      regard to sex, age, or dental fillings. A significant correlation (r = 0.785; P
      less than .01) was found between the concentration of the total mercury found in
      nursing infants and their mothers.

PMID- 4051579
TI  - Neurobehavioral and respiratory symptoms of formaldehyde and xylene exposure in
      histology technicians.
AB  - Disturbances of memory, mood, equilibrium, and sleep that occurred simultaneously
      with headache and indigestion, were experienced more frequently among women
      working in histology who had daily exposure to formaldehyde, xylene, and toluene
      than in unexposed female clerical workers working in the same hospitals.
      Neurobehavioral symptoms were accompanied by irritation of eyes, upper airways,
      and trachea. Formaldehyde exposure correlated better with neurobehavioral
      symptoms and with respiratory and mucous membrane symptoms than did exposure to
      xylene/toluene or to other agents.

PMID- 4051580
TI  - Effects of exposure to 4 ppm nitrogen dioxide in healthy and asthmatic
      volunteers.
AB  - Healthy and asthmatic volunteer subjects (N = 25 and N = 23, respectively) were
      exposed twice each to purified air (control) and to 4 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
      in a controlled-environment chamber. Exposures lasted 75 min, and included 15 min
      each of light exercise (ventilation rate near 25 L/min) and heavy exercise (near
      50 L/min). Compared to control, NO2 exposure produced no statistically
      significant untoward effects on airway resistance, symptoms, heart rate, skin
      conductance, or self-reported emotional state in normal or asthmatic subjects.
      Exercise was associated with significantly (P less than .001) increased airway
      resistance in both subject groups, although the increase in normals was small. In
      both groups, systolic blood pressure showed small but significant (P less than
      .01) decreases with NO2 exposure, compared to control. This effect, if real, may
      relate to formation of a vasodilating nitrite or nitrate from inhaled NO2. The
      lack of respiratory response contrasts with previous findings elsewhere; at
      present, this inconsistency is unexplained.

PMID- 4051581
TI  - Abdominal repair of vaginal prolapse and the postoperative outcome as judged by a
      scoring system and X-ray colpography.
AB  - Three abdominal procedures were combined to suspend the prolapsed vagina in
      patients with post-hysterectomy vault prolapse and a narrow vagina and uterine
      prolapse with pelvic diseases (such as fibroids) necessitating laparotomy. We
      used Moschcowitz's method (obliteration of the cul-de-sac by purse-string
      sutures) Burch's method (fixation of the anterior vaginal wall to Cooper's
      ligament) and Williams and Richardson's method (suspension of the vaginal stump
      using fascial strips from the external oblique aponeurosis. The postoperative
      outcome of 8 operations was judged by a scoring system and by X-ray colpography
      with superimposition of films obtained at rest and during straining (subtraction
      technic). The scoring system indicated that the anterior vaginal wall and the
      vaginal vault were well supported by this combination procedures. However, the
      prolapse of the lower posterior vaginal wall needed an additional vaginal repair.
      The X-ray colpogram showed that the axis of the repaired vagina was slightly more
      vertical than normal. But displacement of the vagina on straining was within the
      normal range. Neither dyspareunia nor stress urinary incontinence were seen as
      complications of our procedures.

PMID- 4051582
TI  - Chronic placentitis--a clinicopathological study.
AB  - Between 1978 and 1983 1240 singleton placentas were examined macroscopically and
      histologically. In 82 cases (6.6%) a "chronic placentitis" was diagnosed. The
      pathognomonic inflammatory foci were localized within the placental villi. The
      vast majority showed mixtures of both fibrohistiocytes and lymphoid cells, which
      were occasionally interspersed with plasma-cells. The clinical data relating to
      67 placentas were correlated retrospectively with the degree of inflammation. 46
      showed mild and 21 moderate to severe chronic placentitis. In both of these
      groups the proportion of preterm deliveries and cases with preeclampsia was
      equally high. With increasing severity of chronic placentitis, however, there was
      a significant reduction in weight and size of both, placenta and infant, and the
      incidence of perinatal asphyxia was significantly raised.

PMID- 4051583
TI  - Postpartum decline in serum concentration of placental proteins in an abdominal
      pregnancy.
AB  - The alpha and the beta forms of Schwangerschaftsprotein 1 (SP1) and chorionic
      gonadotrophin (hCG) were measured after delivery in an abdominal pregnancy with
      the placenta left in situ. All three proteins declined more slowly than after
      normal delivery; the half-lives ranging from 6.2-6.5 days. Traces of the proteins
      could still be detected in the maternal circulation 9 weeks after delivery. These
      findings are construed as further support for the belief that the placenta plays
      a major role in the synthesis of these proteins.

PMID- 4051584
TI  - Intravaginal application of leukocyte interferon gel in the treatment of cervical
      intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).
AB  - Leukocyte interferon gel (1 X 10(6) units) was applied twice daily by a vaginal
      applicator to areas of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in 7 patients. A
      partial response was obtained in 3 patients and complete response in 2 patients.
      This suggests that leukocyte interferon gel can be used to treat CIN.

PMID- 4051585
TI  - Hyaluronic acid production in vitro by synovial lining cells from normal and
      rheumatoid joints.
AB  - Organ cultures and primary cell cultures were established from synovial tissue
      collected from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Hyaluronic acid measured by
      the incorporation of [3H]glucosamine into the polysaccharide was found to be
      synthesised in the cultures immediately after transfer from in-vivo to in-vitro
      conditions. This was in contrast to the primary cultures established from cells
      isolated from normal joints. The latter cells did not synthesise any detectable
      hyaluronate. 90-100% of the cells in primary culture were found to be esterase
      positive, indicating their macrophage nature. The molecular weight of the
      hyaluronate produced by the pathological cells was low (approximately 50 000)
      compared with the molecular weight of hyaluronate found in joint fluid from
      normal or rheumatoid joints. Cell lines of fibroblasts established from
      rheumatoid joints and studied after four or seven passages also produced
      hyaluronate of low molecular weight. It is known that similar cell lines from
      normal joints produce a high molecular weight polymer.

PMID- 4051586
TI  - Direct measurement of local pressures in the cadaveric human hip joint during
      simulated level walking.
AB  - Eleven piezoelectric pressure transducers, each supporting an area of articular
      cartilage about 3 mm in diameter, were inserted through the bone of the
      acetabulum. Nine cadaveric hip joints, thus instrumented, were subjected to
      forces representing six instants in a typical level walking cycle, including the
      highest and lowest force. Under the highest force, the maximum pressure measured
      ranged from 4.93 to 9.57 MN m-2. The transducer positions which were subjected to
      the highest pressures were subjected at some other instant in the cycle to
      pressures which were an order of magnitude lower, or to zero pressure.

PMID- 4051587
TI  - Application of Bayes' theorem to the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis from
      radioisotope bone scans.
AB  - The ratio of the uptake of radioactivity in each sacroiliac joint to the uptake
      in the sacrum has been measured in 57 patients with early ankylosing spondylitis
      and in 51 control subjects. The distribution of ratios of uptake obtained in each
      of these two groups shows appreciable overlap, and it is shown that the
      specification of a 'normal range' in this sort of situation can be misleading in
      the interpretation of the uptake ratio obtained in a given subject. An
      alternative approach described here is to use Bayes' theorem, which combines a
      probability based on the numerical value of the measured ratio with the pretest
      clinical impression about the likelihood of ankylosing spondylitis to yield a
      post-test probability of the presence of the disease.

PMID- 4051588
TI  - Statistical reappraisal of the clinical significance of nail beading in
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Nail beading has previously been reported as an accompaniment of rheumatoid
      arthritis. In order to assess the clinical significance of this form of
      nychodystrophy the fingernails and toenails of 119 patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis and an equal number of control subjects were studied. Analysis of data
      based on 4642 nails indicates that the presence of a global pattern of beading
      (i.e. greater than or equal to 50% involvement of the nail area) on the surface
      of at least six fingernails or four toenails is highly suggestive of underlying
      rheumatoid disease. The positive predictive value of these configurations is in
      the order of 95%. Nail beading, however, is infrequent in early disease and
      therefore its diagnostic value is limited. Although there is a strong association
      between nail beading and rheumatoid arthritis, the aetiology and prognostic
      implications of this clinical sign remain obscure.

PMID- 4051589
TI  - Bidirectional erosion of cartilage in the rheumatoid knee joint.
AB  - Specimens of cartilage with contiguous bone and overlying synovial pannus were
      obtained from 22 rheumatoid knee joints and examined histologically using
      specific histochemical staining techniques. All showed significant erosions of
      cartilage by synovial cells, but seven specimens also showed substantial
      cartilage erosion by cells from the subchondral bone region. This bidirectional
      attack on rheumatoid knee cartilage did not represent an 'underpinning' of
      cartilage by synovial pannus, as judged by serial sectioning and the
      identification of specific cells. Whereas cartilage-pannus junctions had mainly
      macrophagic or fibroblastic cells, cartilage-bone lesions were usually
      characterised by chondroclasts and blood vessels. Lymphocytes were generally
      absent from all sites of cartilage erosion. The bidirectional attack on articular
      knee cartilage suggests that changes have occurred within the cartilage that make
      it vulnerable to cellular invasion and erosion. Such changes might reflect a
      deficiency in 'anti-invasion factors', or the exposure of hidden epitopes and
      subsequent immunogenicity, or a combination of both.

PMID- 4051590
TI  - Osteoarthritis of the knee in Nigerians.
AB  - Eighty-one patients with 116 osteoarthritic knees were seen by the author at the
      University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan in six years. Below the age of 50 the
      disease was significantly commoner among Nigerians than Caucasians; 39.5% of our
      patients were less than 50 years old, compared with 1.1% of Caucasians. In
      contrast with the latter group, trauma was apparently an insignificant
      predisposing factor of knee degeneration in our patients. In some cases
      osteoarthritis was associated with severe valgus deformity in rather young
      patients, suggesting a probable causal relationship. Multiple joint
      osteoarthritis was significantly less common in Nigerians than in Caucasians.

PMID- 4051591
TI  - Radiological findings in seropositive juvenile chronic arthritis (juvenile
      rheumatoid arthritis) with particular reference to progression.
AB  - The radiological effects of peripheral joint disease in 81 patients with
      seropositive juvenile chronic arthritis were studied retrospectively with an
      average length of follow up of 11 years. The patients comprised 63 girls and 18
      boys with average ages of onset being 10.7 years and 12.1 years respectively. All
      had developed positive serology within the first year of the disease. X-rays
      available in 70 of these patients at five years from onset of the disease showed
      erosive change to be present in all but three. The sites most commonly affected
      included the carpus, the metacarpal, the metatarsal, and interphalangeal joints,
      though a third of the patients also showed erosive change in large joints such as
      hips, knees, or shoulders. Between five and 10 years after disease onset
      progression of x-ray changes was evident in most patients, with additional joints
      becoming involved in about one third, though the distribution of joints was
      similar. After 15 years or more of disease the radiological changes tended to be
      more stable, but various mechanical difficulties often secondary to poor growth
      and degenerative change and to primary destructive inflammatory arthritis were
      evident. No specific drug regimen was found to have been universally effective in
      suppressing disease, and the frequency of side effects was a significant factor
      in preventing treatment schedules being maintained for long enough to be
      effective.

PMID- 4051592
TI  - Leucocyte function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: quantitative in-vivo
      leucocyte mobilisation and in-vitro functions of blood and exudate leucocytes.
AB  - Quantitative leucocyte mobilisation in vivo and the in-vitro random migration,
      chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and oxidative metabolic activity were studied in 15
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients mobilised leucocytes to
      chambers covering skin windows to the same degree as control subjects, and the
      mobilisation correlated with the blood leucocyte numbers and serum concentration
      of alpha-l-antitrypsin. Peripheral blood leucocytes showed slightly reduced
      migration in Boyden chambers but increased phagocytosis and increased
      unstimulated reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium. Exudate leucocytes from patients
      with RA showed migratory and phagocytic activity which did not differ from that
      of control subjects, but unstimulated exudate leucocytes reduced nitroblue
      tetrazolium more actively than leucocytes from control subjects. The observations
      indicate that leucocyte accumulation at an experimental inflammatory lesion and
      the function of these exudate leucocytes are not impaired in patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4051593
TI  - Lymphocytes from the site of disease but not blood lymphocytes indicate the cause
      of arthritis.
AB  - The [3H]thymidine uptake procedure for measuring lymphocyte responses was applied
      to lymphocytes derived concurrently from synovial effusions and from peripheral
      blood. The stimulating antigens were crude preparations of those micro-organisms
      that are related to the enteritis and the non-gonococcal urethritis that
      precipitate reactive arthritis. Salmonella, shigella, and campylobacter antigens
      stimulated synovial but not peripheral blood lymphocytes in eight cases of
      enteric reactive arthritis. Ureaplasma or chlamydia antigens, or both, stimulated
      synovial lymphocytes in all 12 cases of sexually transmitted reactive arthritis,
      whereas peripheral blood lymphocytes were only stimulated in four of the 12
      cases. In 14 cases of rheumatoid arthritis reactions to either enteric or
      ureaplasma/chlamydia antigens were minimal from either synovial or peripheral
      blood lymphocytes. It is concluded that synovial rather than peripheral blood
      lymphocytes indicate the microbiological cause of reactive arthritis and that
      similar studies of lymphocytes from the site of local disease might be productive
      in other diseases.

PMID- 4051594
TI  - Synovial fluid mast cells.

PMID- 4051595
TI  - Negative anticardiolipin antibodies and vascular complications in Behcet's
      syndrome.

PMID- 4051597
TI  - Carcinoma of the pancreas. Therapeutic efficacy as defined by a serodiagnostic
      test utilizing a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - DU-PAN-2 is a high molecular weight glycoprotein defined by a murine monoclonal
      antibody elicited to a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line. This
      monoclonal antibody recognizes an oncofetal antigen present on the surface of
      pancreatic tumor cells. The antigen has also been detected in the sera of
      patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas by a competition radioimmunoassay
      (RIA). Ninety-four per cent (31/33) of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma in
      this study had DU-PAN-2 serum antigen levels greater than 300 units/ml by RIA,
      whereas sera from normal adults had serum levels less than 300 units/ml. Serial
      studies of DU-PAN-2 serum antigen in pancreatic cancer patients with elevated DU
      PAN-2 serum levels (mean: 2873 units/ml) and surgically resectable neoplasms
      demonstrated a return to the normal range within 1 to 3 weeks after surgery in
      five of six patients. Five patients in clinical remission had normal DU-PAN-2
      serum levels (mean: 110 units/ml). With tumor progression, however, the DU-PAN-2
      level increased in all patients (mean: 2835 units/ml) an average of 2 months
      before evidence of progressive disease by clinical parameters. Serial DU-PAN-2
      determinations are sensitive monitors of the progression of pancreatic cancer and
      may be useful as early indicators of response to therapy.

PMID- 4051596
TI  - Improved survival in 45 patients with pancreatic abscess.
AB  - The reported mortality due to pancreatic abscesses after acute pancreatitis has
      been 30 to 50%, a statistic that has remained unchanged for decades. This is a
      report of 45 patients treated over 10 years, showing a dramatic improvement in
      survival during that period. They represent 2.5% of admissions at the
      Massachusetts General Hospital for acute pancreatitis. The identifiable
      antecedents included alcohol (38%), gallstones (11%), and surgical trauma (16%),
      or were unknown in 24%. Computerized tomography (CT) was clearly the best means
      of specific diagnosis (unequivocal evidence in 74%, suggestive in 21%). Treatment
      in 44 patients was surgical debridement and catheter drainage, and in one it was
      resection of the pancreatic head. Multiple abscesses were present at the first
      operation in 21 patients. Seven had second drainage procedures for additional
      abscesses. In the first 5 years (1974-1978), 10 of 26 patients died (38%). In the
      second 5 years (1979-1983), one of 19 died (5%) (p less than 0.01). Postoperative
      complications (84%) included wound hemorrhage (9 of 26 vs. 1 of 19), systemic
      sepsis (7 of 26 vs. 1 of 19), pancreatic fistula (14/45, 13 of which closed
      spontaneously), colonic perforation (4), duodenal perforation (2), and gastric
      perforation (1). The causes of death were renal and respiratory failure with
      sepsis (7), hemorrhage (3), and pulmonary emboli (1). Analysis of the findings
      shows in the second 5-year period more frequent use of CT to certify the
      diagnosis of pancreatic abscess earlier, a more aggressive attitude producing
      earlier surgical intervention, and more extensive drainage and debridement of
      associated necrotic tissue. Transcatheter arterial embolization was used
      successfully to control postoperative hemorrhage from the abscess cavity. CT
      guided percutaneous catheter drainage was used occasionally for drainage of
      recurrent abscesses. Neither open packing of major pancreatic abscesses nor
      lavage of the abscess cavity, as recently advocated, was necessary.

PMID- 4051598
TI  - Determinants of 10-year survival after primary myocardial revascularization.
AB  - The first 1000 patients undergoing primary isolated myocardial revascularization
      each year from 1971 to 1978 were analyzed to elucidate the determinants of long
      term survival. Five-year survival was 93.2%, and 10-year survival was 79.3%. Five
      year survivals were 96.1%, 94.2%, 92.1%, and 90.8%, respectively, for single,
      double, triple, and left main disease. Ten-year survivals for the same subsets
      were 88.6%, 83.0%, 74.9%, and 70.9%. Five-year survivals were 95.3%, 92.4%,
      88.0%, and 81.3% for patients with normal, mild, moderate, and severe impairment
      of the left ventricle. Ten-year survivals for the same subsets were 84.1%, 76.5%,
      65.8% and 53.6%. Patients receiving internal mammary artery grafts had 95.6% and
      85.8% 5- and 10-year survivals that were superior to 92.0% and 76.2% in patients
      with only vein grafts. Patients completely revascularized had 95.0% and 82.5% 5-
      and 10-year survivals, while incompletely revascularized patients had lower
      (90.5% and 75.2%) 5- and 10-year survivals. Advancing age was the most important
      factor influencing late survival. Other risk factors in descending order of
      significance were impaired left ventricular function, no mammary artery graft,
      smoking, abnormal EKG, three vessel or left main disease, left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure (LVEDP) greater than 24, hypertension, 1971 to 1974 surgical
      era, cholesterol greater than 300, incomplete revascularization, and two vessel
      disease.

PMID- 4051600
TI  - Fresh frozen plasma supplement to massive red blood cell transfusion.
AB  - The efficacy of supplemental fresh frozen plasma (FFP) therapy after massive
      packed red cell (PRBC) replacement for hemorrhagic shock was studied in 22
      conditioned dogs. Ten dogs were randomized to received FFP, balanced electrolyte
      solution (BES), and PRBC, while 12 dogs received BES and PRBC. Coagulation factor
      activity for Factors I, II, V, VII and VIII, as well as antithrombin III (AT
      III), prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin time, were
      measured at preshock, postshock, postresuscitation, and postshock day two. All
      coagulation factor activities fell with shock and decreased further with
      resuscitation in both groups. Factor II (a procoagulant) and AT III (an
      anticoagulant) fell significantly less after resuscitation in the plasma dogs;
      otherwise, no postresuscitation differences were seen. The changes in factor
      activity from postresuscitation until day two reflected factor half life and
      molecular weight, independent of FFP therapy. These data show that prophylactic
      FFP therapy does not efficiently restore coagulation activity. Consequently,
      routine FFP therapy for its procoagulant effects after hemorrhagic shock should
      be abandoned pending controlled studies in man.

PMID- 4051599
TI  - Noninvasive assessment of stroke risk in asymptomatic and nonhemispheric patients
      with suspected carotid disease. Five-year follow-up of 294 unoperated and 81
      operated patients.
AB  - Based on the assumption that greater than or equal to 50% stenosis of the
      internal carotid artery increases stroke risk, noninvasive tests are being used
      to screen patients for prophylactic carotid endarterectomy. To assess the
      validity of this concept, 104 asymptomatic and 190 nonhemispheric patients
      referred for cerebrovascular tests were reviewed after 5 years. Carotid stenosis
      greater than or equal to 50% predicted a 15% stroke incidence at 2 years compared
      to a 3% incidence with 1-49% stenosis (p less than or equal to 0.05). Five-year
      cumulative stroke incidence was 21% with greater than 50% stenosis, 14% with 1
      49% stenosis (NS), and 9% with 0% stenosis (p less than 0.05). Stenosis greater
      than or equal to 50% predicted increased cardiac mortality (p less than 0.025).
      Hypertensive patients, greater than 70 years, with greater than or equal to 50%
      stenosis had a 37% incidence of stroke; normotensive patients, less than 70
      years, with or without stenosis, had few strokes. In patients with greater than
      or equal to 50% disease, surgery reduced the 5-year stroke rate from 21 to 8% (p
      less than 0.05), mitigated the effects of age and hypertension, and improved
      survival. Noninvasive test results must be considered in conjunction with age and
      hypertension in predicting stroke risk.

PMID- 4051601
TI  - Maintaining quality of care while reducing charges in the ICU. Ten ways.
AB  - We believed that the dilemma of controlling costs yet maintaining quality of care
      might be approached in 10 ways designed to improve efficiency of care: principles
      of management, elimination of standing orders, classification of patients,
      written guidelines, mandatory communication, no repetitive orders, single order
      for single test, removal of monitoring catheters, constant administrative
      attention, and feedback. We monitored quality of care using the therapeutic
      intervention scoring system (TISS), mortality, utilization of bed days in the
      ICU, and the total hospitalization of 50 patients treated in April 1983 and, 8
      months after the interventions, 50 patients treated in February 1984. There were
      no differences in the patient population, severity, outcome, or days. The total
      lab bills were $10,000 in 1983 and $6300 in 1984 (p less than 0.01). The total
      number of tests decreased by 2803 (42%) from 6685 to 3882, or 56 per patient per
      admission. Calculated ICU laboratory charges per patient decreased $3226 (53%)
      from $6210 to $2894. In 1983, while patients spent 15% of their hospital days in
      the ICU, they accumulated 61% of their total laboratory charges. In 1984, ICU
      days were 19% and ICU laboratory charges were 46% of the total. If the decrease
      of $3226 per patient is extrapolated to a year's population, this would decrease
      charges by over $2,000,000 in one 12-bed surgical ICU.

PMID- 4051602
TI  - Management of injuries to the porta hepatis.
AB  - The management of injuries to the porta hepatis is challenging and controversial.
      Although definitive, anatomic reconstruction of injured ductal or vascular
      structures is optimal, porta hepatis injuries are universally accompanied by
      injuries to other organs (3.6 in this series), which often precludes initial
      repair. Moreover, frequent injury to the inferior vena cava, aorta, or other
      major blood vessels in addition to the structures of the porta hepatis results in
      these injuries being treated in conjunction with exsanguinating hemorrhage. For
      that reason, control of hemorrhage is the initial management priority, with the
      initial operation requiring expeditious, if less than anatomically exact,
      operations. Eighteen of 31 patients survived porta hepatis injury. Hepatic artery
      injuries were treated by ligation. Complex injuries to bile ducts frequently
      required enteric-ductal anastomoses as secondary procedures. Of 29 patients with
      portal vein injuries, six were treated by ligation, 22 by lateral repair, and one
      with splenic vein interposition graft. As in earlier reports, the structure of
      the porta hepatis associated with the highest morbidity and mortality rates when
      injured was the portal vein.

PMID- 4051604
TI  - Penetrating neck wounds. Mandatory versus selective exploration.
AB  - We reviewed the records of 257 patients (ages, 16-83 years) with penetrating neck
      wounds (119 gunshot and 138 stab) managed at Harlem Hospital Center. Among the
      first 148 patients, 134 were managed by mandatory neck exploration; 42 had
      injuries (31%), and 92 (69%) had no injury. There were four deaths (3%) and seven
      (5%) morbidities. Because of the high rate of unnecessary operations, the
      following 109 patients were managed selectively, 40 by exploration, and nine of
      the 40 (22%) had no injury; 69 were observed and did not require subsequent
      operative intervention. There were six deaths (5.5%) and six morbidities (5.5%)
      among the second group. Morbidity and mortality were unrelated to the method of
      management but related to the type and severity of injuries, associated injuries,
      preexisting illnesses, and age of the patients. The frequency of operations for
      penetrating neck wounds without structural injuries was minimized in the
      selective exploration group.

PMID- 4051603
TI  - Pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux.
AB  - Reflux esophagitis was first described 50 years ago, and understanding of
      abnormal gastroesophageal reflux, its complications, and treatment have been
      recent additions to medical and surgical knowledge. The process by which this
      information has been acquired, current techniques for measuring abnormal reflux
      and its complications, mechanisms by which reflux is controlled normally and
      after antireflux surgery, and the relationship between hiatal hernia and
      gastroesophageal reflux are the subjects of this presentation.

PMID- 4051605
TI  - Pyloric reconstruction for severe vasomotor dumping after vagotomy and
      pyloroplasty.
AB  - The performance of vagotomy and pyloroplasty is followed by the occurrence of
      dumping symptoms in 10-30% of patients. In a few, these are severe, persistent,
      and refractory to dietary and medical management. Pyloric reconstruction was
      performed in nine patients with severe dumping symptoms. All patients were
      treated conservatively for at least 1 year before reconstruction. Gastric
      emptying studies, using a 99mTc-sulphur colloid labeled 15% dextrose, were
      performed before and after reconstruction in each case. All were Visik grade IV
      before surgery. After pyloric reconstruction, interviews were conducted by a
      separate clinician not involved in any management of the patients. Overall
      improvement was obtained in eight of nine patients. Four patients improved to
      Visik grade II, and four to Visik grade III. With regard to dumping symptoms
      only, seven of nine were improved to Visik grade II. All patients had double
      exponential gastric emptying curves before surgery, and six of the nine reverted
      to single exponential curves similar to those of unoperated controls. The initial
      10-minute emptying rate was significantly decreased (p less than 0.05), and the
      per cent retention at 60 minutes (p less than 0.02) was significantly increased.
      Improvement in gastric emptying correlated well with relief of symptoms. Pyloric
      reconstruction is relatively simple and corrects rapid gastric emptying at the
      gastric outlet. These results indicate that pyloric reconstruction significantly
      benefits most patients with severe dumping symptoms and should be considered as
      the initial remedial procedure for dumping after pyloroplasty.

PMID- 4051606
TI  - Assessment of calcium homeostasis in the critically ill surgical patient. The
      diagnostic pitfalls of the McLean-Hastings nomogram.
AB  - Hypocalcemia is a common problem in critically ill surgical patients. We
      prospectively evaluated whether measurement of the total serum calcium (Ca)
      concentration or calculation of the serum ionized Ca level (by the McLean
      Hastings nomogram) accurately reflects the measured serum ionized Ca level.
      Although 71% and 58% of 156 predominantly surgical intensive care unit (ICU)
      patients were hypocalcemic by the total serum Ca or calculated ionized Ca level,
      respectively, only 12% were hypocalcemic by directly measured serum ionized Ca
      measurement. The total serum Ca and calculated ionized Ca concentrations were
      sensitive (95% and 89%, respectively) but lacked specificity (32% and 46%,
      respectively) in predicting ionized hypocalcemia. Analyses of Ca binding to
      albumin in the serum of surgical ICU patients and normal subjects suggested that
      there is a circulating factor in critically ill patients that increases the
      binding of Ca to albumin. These observations may explain why the McLean-Hastings
      nomogram underestimates the protein-induced changes in serum Ca in critically ill
      surgical subjects. We conclude that: total serum Ca and calculated ionized Ca
      concentrations are poor indicators of the true serum ionized Ca status in
      critically ill surgical patients, and we recommend direct measurement of serum
      ionized Ca levels in these patients; and variability in the affinity of Ca for
      binding proteins in critical illness may explain the poor correlation between
      serum total and ionized Ca measurements.

PMID- 4051608
TI  - Student attitudes about medical care and choice of a career in surgery.
AB  - The purpose was to see if students changed their attitudes about medical care
      during the surgical clerkship and whether those who selected surgery as a career
      differed from other students at the end of the clerkship and time of entrance
      into a residency. Students were assessed before and after the clerkship in regard
      to confidence about handling problems in the doctor-patient relationship,
      concerns about future practice, and attitudes about preventive aspects of care.
      In general, the class changed positively in dealing with patients, had more
      concerns about future practice, and were more negative about preventive aspects
      of care. Potential surgeons had concerns about future practices similar to those
      of other students but differed from the rest of the class by having more
      confidence in dealing with patients and more positive attitudes about preventive
      aspects of care. When they entered the clerkship, would-be surgeons had more
      favorable ratings than did other students on ego strength and acceptance of
      people. The study suggests that attention may need to be given to the experiences
      of students in the clerkship that lead to their increased concerns about future
      practice and, for those not selecting surgery as a career, their increased
      negative attitudes about preventive care.

PMID- 4051607
TI  - Methods of splenic preservation and their effect on clearance of pneumococcal
      bacteremia.
AB  - The intravascular clearance of type 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae was studied in
      Sprague-Dawley rats. Sham celiotomy was performed on 20 animals while another 20
      rats underwent splenectomy. Four weeks later, bacteremia was induced by
      intraperitoneal (IP) injection of S. pneumoniae. Serial cultures of peripheral
      blood were obtained. Splenectomy produced significant impairment of intravascular
      clearance of bacteria compared to that noted among control animals (p less than
      0.01). Eighty animals were divided into four equal groups: I--splenectomy, II-
      50% splenectomy with the upper half left in situ connected to the short gastric
      vessels, III--50% splenectomy with the lower half left in situ connected to the
      hilar vessels, and IV--splenectomy with implantation of splenic fragments.
      Pneumococcus was administered IP 16 weeks later. Rats were killed 6 hours after
      bacterial challenge. Residual splenic tissue was weighed. There was significantly
      less splenic tissue in Groups II-IV than noted in sham animals after 16 weeks (p
      less than 0.01). The type of partial splenectomy did not significantly affect the
      weight of residual splenic tissue 16 weeks later. Implantation did yield viable
      splenic tissue, though the amount proved significantly less than that resulting
      from either type of partial splenectomy (p less than 0.01). Mean bacterial counts
      with time for short gastric (Group II) and hilar (Group III) remnant animals were
      significantly different from those for the asplenic (Group I) rats (p less than
      0.02 and p less than 0.001, respectively). Animals with splenic implants (Group
      IV) were not significantly different from asplenic rats (Group I). Animals with
      hilar splenic remnants proved significantly different from those with short
      gastric splenic remnants (p less than 0.01). Partial splenectomy offers
      protection against pneumococcal bacteremia, though preservation of the hilar
      blood supply affords the most benefit. The utility of splenic implantation
      remains unproven.

PMID- 4051609
TI  - Diverticula, neoplasia, or both? Early detection of carcinoma in sigmoid
      diverticular disease.
AB  - In 105 patients with symptomatic sigmoid diverticular disease, colonoscopy
      revealed an associated frequency of carcinoma of seven (6.6%) (Dukes A in 4, B in
      2, and C in 1) and adenomas in 29 (27.6%), with a peak incidence of 60 to 79
      years and an equal sex distribution. In 45 (43%) examinations, the barium enema
      was inaccurate. The presenting complaints of abdominal pain and/or alteration in
      bowel habit in 36 patients with neoplasms and 69 without were similar, but
      significantly more patients with neoplasms complained of rectal bleeding (p less
      than 0.05). Endoscopic examination is therefore recommended in patients with
      sigmoid diverticular disease, particularly in those aged over 60 years and with
      rectal bleeding.

PMID- 4051610
TI  - Colorectal carcinoma in patients under age 40.
AB  - Patients under the age of 40 with colorectal cancer (29 females, 18 males) were
      compared with similar patients in our general hospital population and analyzed
      for patterns of presentation, stage at diagnosis, degree of tumor
      differentiation, and survival. There was a higher incidence of poorly
      differentiated tumors in the young patients (21% vs. 8% in the general
      population). Colon cancer in young adults was in a more advanced stage at
      presentation. The survival rate for young patients was 23% vs. 61% for the
      general population (p = 0.02). Stage C patients treated for cure had a survival
      rate of 56% in the general population compared with 34% in young adults (p =
      0.05). The degree of tumor differentiation did not affect survival in those young
      patients undergoing curative resections (41% for well-differentiated and 30% for
      poorly differentiated cancers, p = 0.09). The median survival time by stage was:
      Stage A and B (N = 3) 36 months, Stage C (N = 26) 32 months, and Stage D (N = 18)
      15.8 months. The need for early recognition of colorectal cancer in young adults
      is emphasized by the greater incidence of advanced disease and the high failure
      rate.

PMID- 4051611
TI  - Lower extremity arterial disease in young adults. A systematic approach to early
      diagnosis.
AB  - General and vascular surgeons are consulted occasionally to evaluate young adults
      with ischemia of the lower extremity. Between 1975 and 1985, 51 adults under 40
      years of age who had arterial occlusive disease of the lower limb were managed.
      Although premature atherosclerosis was the most common problem (50%),
      claudication or limb-threatening ischemia also resulted from other sources
      (thromboembolism, popliteal artery entrapment, Buerger's disease, collagen
      vascular disease, and Takayasu's arteritis). Identifying the exact cause was
      sometimes difficult. The authors were impressed with the number of young adults
      who had delay in diagnosis and treatment (30 patients, 59%) before referral for a
      surgical opinion. In this paper, the attempt has been made to uncover the reasons
      for delayed diagnosis and to suggest a systematic approach that should lead to
      early recognition of lower extremity ischemia in this age group.

PMID- 4051612
TI  - Candida septic thrombosis of the great central veins associated with central
      catheters. Clinical features and management.
AB  - Candida septic thrombosis of the great central veins is rarely diagnosed during
      life, and reports of survival with this condition are exceedingly rare. Eight
      patients with Candida septic thrombosis of the central veins, with six survivors,
      are reported. Seven of eight patients had multiple organ system failure following
      surgery or trauma. All patients had received broad spectrum antibiotics and total
      parenteral nutrition via a central catheter. Every patient showed features of
      venous thrombosis with localizing extremity edema and high grade candidemia.
      Intensive amphotericin B therapy (mean daily dose: 0.7 mg/kg) in all patients,
      combined with 5-fluorocytosine in five cases, resulted in cure and long-term
      survival in six patients who received 1600 to 3435 mg (mean: 26 mg/kg) total
      dose. None of these patients developed renal failure, while four showed improving
      renal function during treatment. In contrast to Candida endocarditis, septic
      central vein thrombosis caused by Candida appears to be curable medically in the
      majority of cases with intensive amphotericin B therapy (total dose: greater than
      or equal to 22 mg/kg), combined when feasible with 5-fluorocytosine.

PMID- 4051614
TI  - The columnar-lined esophagus and adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 4051613
TI  - Brown recluse spider bites. A comparison of early surgical excision versus
      dapsone and delayed surgical excision.
AB  - In a prospective study, 31 patients with brown recluse spider bites were treated
      by either immediate surgical excision or with the leukocyte inhibitor, dapsone,
      followed by delayed surgical excision. Patients were matched for age, gender, and
      lesion size and were excluded if the typical history and physical findings were
      not present. In patients treated with immediate surgical excision (N = 14),
      delayed wound healing (N = 5) and objectional scarring (N = 7) were common
      complications. However, pretreatment treatment with dapsone reduced the incidence
      of wound complications (N = 1) and objectional scarring (N = 1) (p less than
      0.05), while reducing the need for surgical excision (N = 1). There were no
      severe drug reactions due to dapsone, although one patient had persistent G.I.
      upset. Pretreatment with dapsone not only reduced surgical complications but also
      improved the outcome of patients bitten by the brown recluse spider.

PMID- 4051615
TI  - Transhiatal (blunt) esophagectomy for malignant and benign esophageal disease:
      clinical experience and technique.
AB  - "Blunt" transhiatal esophagectomy was performed in 23 selected patients. Nineteen
      had squamous carcinoma of the esophagus (upper third, 1; middle third, 12; distal
      third, 6), and 2 had adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus. The other 2 patients
      had severe lye strictures. Resection with reconstruction was performed in one
      stage. Esophagogastric continuity was restored using the stomach in the posterior
      mediastinal position in 20 patients and in the substernal position in 2. The
      colon in the posterior mediastinal position was used in 1 patient with a lye
      stricture. Transmural tumor extension or cervical or celiac nodal metastases or
      both were present in 18 of 21 patients with carcinoma. There was 1 hospital death
      due to pericardial tamponade. Morbidity included a transient cervical anastomotic
      leak in 3 patients, one temporary and three permanent unilateral recurrent
      laryngeal nerve palsies, one intraoperative splenic injury, and severe hemorrhage
      requiring sternotomy for control in 1 patient. Pulmonary complications occurred
      in 4 patients: aspiration pneumonia (1) and moderate atelectasis (3). Three
      patients have died (11, 12, and 17 months postoperatively) in the group with
      cancer, with follow-up time of 3 to 30 months (mean, 15 months). Transhiatal
      blunt esophagectomy is a safe and effective procedure in many patients with
      either esophageal cancer or extensive, benign esophageal strictures.

PMID- 4051616
TI  - Elective pulmonary lobectomy: factors associated with morbidity and operative
      mortality.
AB  - Periodic review of clinical results is essential to ensure that high-quality
      patient care is maintained. To that end, we reviewed the morbidity and operative
      mortality in a consecutive series of 369 pulmonary lobectomies performed between
      January 1, 1970, and December 31, 1983. There were 251 male and 118 female
      patients with a mean age of 50.6 years. The thirty-day operative mortality was
      2.2% (8/369), with 6 of these deaths related primarily to respiratory
      insufficiency. Two hundred twenty-four postoperative management problems occurred
      in 151 patients and included arrhythmia, air leak, pneumothorax, respiratory
      difficulties, postoperative bleeding, pleural effusion, wound infection,
      myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolus, empyema, bronchial stump leak, and
      lobar gangrene. Multiple factors were related to the occurrence of postoperative
      morbidity and mortality using both chi-square analysis to examine each individual
      item and discriminant analysis to evaluate their interaction. Chi-square
      tabulation showed no difference in the occurrence of major postoperative
      complications (p greater than 0.05) related to the side of operation, an abnormal
      preoperative electrocardiogram, a forced vital capacity of 2.8 liters or less, a
      one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) of less than 1.7 liters, an oxygen
      tension of less than 60 mm Hg, or the seniority of the surgeon (resident versus
      attending). An increased number of complications (p less than 0.05) was found in
      male patients, in patients operated on for carcinoma, and in patients older than
      60 years. Stepwise discriminant analysis included FEV1 as a significant predictor
      of postoperative complications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4051617
TI  - Surgical repair of superoinferior ventricles: experience with 3 patients.
AB  - Superoinferior ventricles are a rare anomaly characterized by a horizontal
      ventricular septum and a hypoplastic right ventricular sinus localized
      anterosuperiorly to the left ventricle. This anomaly frequently is accompanied by
      malformation of the atrioventricular valves. A large ventricular septal defect is
      always present, and anomalies of the ventriculoarterial relations are common. The
      results of surgical repair of this complex lesion have been poor. Our recent
      surgical experience with 3 patients, 2 of whom are well 36 and 38 months
      postoperatively, suggests a hopeful outcome for the repair of this complex
      anomaly. The surgical approach was different in each of the 3 patients,
      demonstrating the need for a precise echocardiographic and angiocardiographic
      preoperative description of the cardiac anatomy to appropriately repair the
      multiple variants of this complex anomaly.

PMID- 4051618
TI  - Fifteen years' experience with the aortic homograft: the conduit of choice for
      right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction.
AB  - Ninety-seven patients with pulmonary atresia underwent right ventricular outflow
      tract reconstruction using a homograft conduit. There were 46 hospital deaths
      (47%). Hospital mortality was significantly related to irreversible pulmonary
      hypertension (p less than 0.001) and thoracotomy for ligation of bronchial
      collaterals (p less than 0.01). The actuarial survival was 37 +/- 7% at 10 years.
      Sixteen patients undergoing recatheterization at a mean of 6 years had a mean
      transconduit gradient of 24 +/- 15 mm Hg. Obstructed conduits (i.e., with a
      gradient of greater than 50 mm Hg) were replaced in 3 patients, corresponding to
      13 +/- 8% at 10 years. In each instance, the obstruction was due to neointimal
      hyperplasia in the Dacron tube rather than calcification of the homograft valve.
      The fresh, antibiotic-sterilized aortic homograft is the conduit of choice for
      right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. The valve itself appears more
      resistant to calcification than its xenograft counterpart, and the absence of
      Dacron removes the problem of fibrinous peel obstructing the conduit. We now
      construct a tube of autologous pericardium to increase the length of the conduit
      and avoid complementary thoracotomy for ligation of bronchial collaterals.

PMID- 4051619
TI  - Combined superior and right lateral left atriotomy with division of the superior
      vena cava for exposure of the mitral valve.
AB  - Division of the superior vena cava allows combined use of the superior and right
      lateral approaches to the mitral valve when exposure is inadequate with either
      approach alone. I have not recognized complications related to this procedure in
      my experience with 3 patients.

PMID- 4051620
TI  - Determinants of blood utilization during myocardial revascularization.
AB  - Blood transfusion during cardiac surgical procedures has steadily decreased, but
      little information is available regarding the factors that determine its
      necessity or amount. To determine the predictors of blood utilization during
      myocardial revascularization, 441 consecutive patients undergoing primary
      myocardial revascularization were studied. Forty-four patients (10%) received
      blood during hospitalization with a mean transfusion of 0.3 +/- 1.4 units per
      patient. Age, sex, weight, body surface area, preoperative hematocrit, blood
      volume, and red blood cell volume were examined univariately for trends. All
      demonstrated a statistically significant trend for both need and amount of
      transfusion (p less than 0.001). Neither number of grafts nor duration of
      cardiopulmonary bypass demonstrated statistically significant trends. All
      univariately significant factors were evaluated by multivariate logistic
      regression analysis. Red cell volume was the best predictor of the need for
      transfusion (p less than 0.001), followed by age. No other factors improved
      predictive capabilities. We conclude that preoperative red cell mass and age are
      the principal determinants of the need for and quantity of blood transfused
      during myocardial revascularization. Use of this information may greatly improve
      the efficiency of ordering blood before operation.

PMID- 4051621
TI  - Air gun pellet injury of the heart with popliteal embolus.
AB  - An air gun pellet cardiac injury, in which there was penetration through the
      right ventricle, interventricular septum, and anterior papillary muscle and
      ejection from the left ventricle, is described. The pellet embolus was removed
      from the left popliteal artery with restoration of flow. The particular
      implications of pellet embolization are discussed and contrasted with those of
      bullet embolism.

PMID- 4051622
TI  - Pleuropulmonary and skeletal lymphangiomatosis with chylothorax and
      chylopericardium.
AB  - Congenital lymphangiomatosis of lung and bone, with or without chylothorax, is a
      rare but often fatal systemic lymphatic malformation. In those who survive
      infancy and early childhood, parietal pleurectomy with excision of lymphatic
      lakes and ligation of the thoracic duct can be successful. Two patients with
      lymphangiomatosis are described, 1 with chylothorax and chylopericardium with
      generalized skeletal lesions and the other with pleuropulmonary lesions and
      chylothorax. Both were successfully treated with parietal pleurectomy, excision
      of lymphatic lakes, and ligation of lymphatics, including the thoracic duct. To
      our knowledge, the triad of generalized skeletal lymphangiomatosis,
      chylopericardium, and chylothorax has not been previously reported.

PMID- 4051623
TI  - Use of polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex) grafts for the construction of right
      ventricle-pulmonary artery conduits.
AB  - Placement of a right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit (18- or 20-mm grafts)
      made of Gore-Tex without a prosthetic valve was undertaken in 6 patients ranging
      in age from 8 1/2 to 32 years. Three patients had tetralogy of Fallot with
      pulmonary atresia, and the other 3 had transposition of the great vessels,
      ventricular septal defect, and pulmonary obstruction. Pulmonary pressure was low
      in all patients. The technique for implantation of this valveless, noncrimped
      type of prosthesis is described.

PMID- 4051624
TI  - Descending thoracic aneurysmectomy.

PMID- 4051625
TI  - Avoiding inadvertent arterial catheterization.

PMID- 4051626
TI  - Liquefaction of human semen by spin-spin proton relaxation technique.
AB  - An investigation of the liquefaction of human semen was performed using a
      technique of nuclear magnetic resonance, by measuring the time of spin-spin
      proton relaxation. Measurements made at 24 degrees C over a 15-day period showed
      that significant degradation processes and protein transformations occurred
      during the first 5 days. Different phases of these processes were identified.

PMID- 4051627
TI  - Cross-link formation at the head-tail junction of mammalian spermatozoa during
      aging is dependent on sperm motility.
AB  - A high percentage of the heads of mouse, hamster, and rabbit spermatozoa were
      detached from their tails by vortexing a suspension of spermatozoa that had been
      incubated with dithiothreitol (DTT), a sulfhydryl reagent. Similar treatment of
      spermatozoa that had been aged under physiologic conditions for several hours and
      were still motile before reaction with DDT gave a much lower percentage of head
      detachment. This stabilization of the sperm head-tail junction developed only if
      spermatozoa were motile during aging. n-Butylamine also induced head detachment
      of mouse spermatozoa. Motile and immotile mouse spermatozoa became resistant to n
      butylamine when aged in physiologic medium and buffer, respectively. However,
      stabilization developed much faster if spermatozoa were motile. Stabilization of
      the head-tail junction of motile spermatozoa to the reagents occurred over the
      time periods required for capacitation and the development of hyperactivated
      motility. Development of resistance to the two reagents may be biochemical events
      associated with capacitation.

PMID- 4051628
TI  - Zona-free hamster egg-sperm penetration assay: I. Testing of human semen
      fertilizability.
AB  - The zona-free hamster egg penetration test was performed on semen samples from 21
      fertile donors, 57 infertile patients with normal semen parameters, and 63
      infertile patients with subnormal spermiogram, as well as on 19 frozen semen
      samples. In the donor group 100% of the samples gave a positive range of
      penetration (PRP) of 20-96% with a mean penetration rate (MPR) of 53%, while 84%
      of the frozen samples showed a PRP of 18-44% and an MPR of 31%. Although 74% of
      the samples from infertile patients with normal spermiograms gave a PRP of 11-92%
      and an MPR of 34%, only 46% of the semen samples from the infertile patients with
      subnormal spermiogram showed a PRP of 21-100% but an MRP of 43%.

PMID- 4051629
TI  - Zona-free hamster egg-sperm penetration assay: II. Correlative study with routine
      semen analysis.
AB  - This work studied the effect of variations in the different parameters of routine
      semen analysis on the penetration rate of the spermatozoa into the zona-free
      hamster eggs, using semen samples from 21 fertile donors, 57 infertile patients
      with normal spermiograms, 63 infertile patients with subnormal spermiograms, and
      19 frozen semen samples. The results of the hamster test do not correlate with
      the percentage of motile spermatozoa, the percentage of live spermatozoa, or the
      percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology in the semen samples. A positive
      correlation was found between the results of the hamster test and three other
      parameters of the semen analysis: the sperm concentration, the progressive type
      of motility, and a pH range of 7.2-7.7, but these positive correlations were
      statistically insignificant.

PMID- 4051630
TI  - Relationship of hamster ovum sperm penetration assay to seminal fluid analyses in
      the evaluation of infertile couples.
AB  - The males of 279 infertile couples were evaluated with hamster ovum sperm
      penetration assay (SPA) and seminal fluid analysis. The mean SPA score for the
      total population was 23.0% penetration with a range of 0-97%. Twenty five percent
      of the patients demonstrated scores within the abnormal range (0-10%), and 15%
      were in the "equivocal" range (11-14%). Comparing each individual with the total
      population using linear regression analysis, it was noted that sperm
      concentration, percent motility, and percent oval forms varied directly with the
      SPA, and the slopes of the relationships are positive and statistically
      significant (p less than 0.0001, 0.002, and 0.0001, respectively). The
      relationship between SPA and volume is not statistically significant (p greater
      than or equal to 0.354). To determine whether the SPA could be utilized to
      establish appropriate normal parameters for various components of SFA, these were
      analyzed in 169 men who had SPAs of greater than or equal to 15%. Although most
      SFA values fell within the normal range for this group, there were several
      exceptions, particularly with respect to percent motility and the presence of
      leukocytes in the semen. Comparing the percentage of males with abnormal SPA in
      groups of couples with or without a demonstrable abnormality affecting fertility
      in the wife, no statistically significant differences could be found. The value
      of the SPA and SFA in investigating males of infertile couples is discussed.

PMID- 4051631
TI  - Do non-spermatozoal cells mainly stem from spermiogenesis? Study of 106 fertile
      and 102 subfertile men.
AB  - The various non-spermatozoal cell types in the semen of 106 fertile (F) and 102
      subfertile (SF) men were described and their relative proportions estimated.
      About 94% (F) and 90% (SF) were found to be germinal elements, among which,
      respectively, about 27% and 51% were spermatids, 48% and 36% residual bodies,
      19.4% and 2.6% primary spermatocytes, 0.03% and 0.61% spermatogonia. The
      epithelial cells and blood cells represented about 6% (F) and 10% (SF) of the non
      spermatozoal cells; in F men 5.3% and in SF men 9.5% were found to be
      polymorphonuclear leucocytes. In SF men the predominance of spermatids might be
      due to a particular fragility of spermiogenesis. To the three stages of
      spermatogenesis-the gonial multiplication, meiosis, and spermiogenesis-might
      correspond three specific pathologies. A pathology of the very germ cell
      production was thus suggested, as well as a pathology of the means by which the
      final product would be controlled. The Sertoli cell was supposed to be mainly
      involved in the latter process.

PMID- 4051632
TI  - Alloplastic spermatocele in cases of vasa aplasia.
AB  - Alloplastic spermatocele implants were used for 11 infertile men with bilateral
      congenital absent vas. Successful recovery of spermatozoa from the prosthesis was
      obtained in 8 cases for periods up to 4 months after the operation. Single
      aspirations showed 200,000 to 30 million spermatozoa, and the aspirated volume
      varied between 0.4 and 1.0 ml. Artificial insemination of the wife was done at
      the time of ovulation, but no pregnancy has been achieved yet. In only 3 cases
      the aspirated fluid did not show spermatozoa, which might be due to occlusion of
      the vasa efferentia or ductus epididymis.

PMID- 4051633
TI  - Quinuronium levels in ovine plasma as determined by an in vitro/in vivo system
      with Babesia rodhaini.
AB  - Quinuronium was shown to have a babesicidal activity in vitro. In vitro/in vivo
      system with Babesia rodhaini gave an in vitro EC50 for 13.5 ng/ml. Quinuronium
      levels in ovine plasma increased to a maximum mean of approximately 27 ng/ml at 2
      hours with a gradual decay from 8 hours up to almost no detectable levels at 48
      hours following administration of therapeutic dose (1 mg/kg s.c.). This study
      supports previous reports of the use of Babesia rodhaini as an organism in
      screening antibabesials. The in vitro/in vivo model can be used to monitor
      quinuronium levels in ovine plasma. Second treatment with quinuronium may be
      administered after 24 to 48 hours whenever clinically indicated.

PMID- 4051634
TI  - The site of action of morphine and indomethacin differs with electrical
      stimulation of cutaneous or tibial nerves in normal and adjuvant arthritic rats.
AB  - Evoked potentials were recorded from the ventrobasal (VB) thalamus in normal and
      adjuvant arthritic rats anaesthetized with urethane (1200 mg/kg, i.p.). Effects
      of morphine and indomethacin on the evoked potentials elicited by transcutaneous
      electrical stimulation (TES) or tibial nerve electrical stimulation (TNES) were
      investigated. Morphine (1-3 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly depressed the potentials
      evoked by TES an TNES, in both groups. The magnitudes of the depressant effect of
      morphine were roughly equivalent, in each experiment. In normal rats,
      indomethacin (3-10 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly depressed the evoked potentials
      elicited by TES, but did not depress the evoked potentials elicited by TNES. In
      adjuvant arthritic rats, indomethacin (1-10 mg/kg, i.v.) depressed the evoked
      potentials elicited by TES and also, be it less readily, those elicited by TNES
      effects were more readily produced by TES than by TNES. These results suggest
      that the site of action of indomethacin differs in normal and adjuvant arthritic
      rats. The central antinociceptive action of indomethacin is clearly detectable in
      the presence of chronic inflammation. The antinociceptive action of morphine may
      reside in the neo-spinothalamic projection system, in both groups of rats.

PMID- 4051635
TI  - Changes in duodenal mucosal blood flow and mucus glycoprotein content during
      cysteamine-induced duodenal ulceration in rats.
AB  - The effects of cysteamine on duodenal mucosal blood flow and duodenal
      glycoprotein were studied during the development of duodenal ulceration in
      conscious rats. Cysteamine at an ulcerogenic dose (300 mg/kg s.c.) produced a
      remarkable decrease of duodenal mucosal blood flow which preceded the appearance
      of duodenal ulcers. The reduced blood flow was followed by a significant decrease
      of tissue levels of glycoprotein which also occurred prior to the time when
      duodenal injury had reached a maximum. Cysteamine was without significant effect
      on the rate of incorporation of 3H-glucosamine into duodenal glycoprotein at
      concentrations up to 10(-3) M. These results suggest that the reduction in
      duodenal mucosal blood flow in response to cysteamine could possibly contribute
      to a decrease of duodenal glycoprotein and that both may be at least in part
      responsible for the incidence of duodeno-ulcerogenecity.

PMID- 4051636
TI  - Actions of quinine on the rat isolated rectum.
AB  - The actions of quinine on the rat isolated rectum was studied. Quinine (2.5 X 10(
      5) - 2.5 X 10(-4) M) initiated rhythmic phasic contractions (RPC) which were
      prevented by verapamil, lanthanum, indomethacin or Ca2+-withdrawal, but were
      unaffected by tetrodotoxin, L-propranolol, phentolamine, or atropine. Higher
      quinine concentrations (2.5 X 10(-4) - 10(-3) M) relaxed the rat rectum and
      inhibited the RPC induced by lower concentrations. Exposure to high Ca2+-Tyrode
      solution (6 Ca2+-Tyrode) increased the baseline tone of the muscle. Under this
      condition, quinine (2.5 X 10(-4) - 10(-3) M), but not lower concentrations
      relaxed the muscle. Quinine (2.5 X 10(-5) - 10(-3) M) concentration-dependently
      inhibited KCl and acetylcholine-induced contractions, but more readily blocked
      KCl than acetylcholine-induced responses; the inhibitory effect of quinine
      against KCl, but not acetylcholine, was largely reversed by increasing the Ca2+
      concentration of the Tyrode solution. It is concluded that quinine-induced RPC
      occurred independently of adrenergic or cholinergic mechanisms, and are likely to
      be due to enhanced Ca2+ influx into the rectum, while the relaxation encountered
      with higher concentrations may be due to inhibition by quinine of transmembranal
      Ca2+ influx. Evidence was obtained that quinine may preferentially inhibit Ca2+
      influx through a pathway linked to high K+ depolarisation.

PMID- 4051637
TI  - Effects of tabernanthine on calcium and catecholamine stimulated contractions of
      isolated vascular and cardiac muscle.
AB  - The Iboga alkaloid tabernanthine (80 microM) non-competitively antagonized
      contractions in both the rat aorta and mesenteric artery induced by cumulative
      additions of noradrenaline and calcium. Tabernanthine (8, 40 and 80 microM)
      antagonized the K+ depolarization-induced contractions of the aorta.
      Tabernanthine (80 microM) depressed the phasic component of contractions induced
      by a single maximal concentration (10 microM) of noradrenaline in Ca++ -free
      solution. Tabernanthine induced a negative inotropic effect in electrically
      stimulated myocardial tissue and a negative chronotropic effect in the perfused
      rat heart. Tabernanthine is a calcium entry blocker which also affects cellular
      calcium metabolism.

PMID- 4051638
TI  - Effect of benznidazole on the mixed function oxygenase system from rat liver
      microsomes.
AB  - Previous Benznidazole (Bz) administration to rats (30 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly
      prolongs their pentobarbital sleeping time. This prolonging effect of Bz
      administration correlates with the inhibitory action of Bz on the liver
      aminopyrine or ethylmorphine N-demethylase activities. Inhibition of these enzyme
      systems by Bz is non-competitive and would not be related to changes in liver
      microsomal cytochrome P-450 (P-450) content or in cytochrome c-reductase activity
      or to interactions of Bz with P-450 leading to spectral changes. Covalent
      interactions of Bz reactive metabolites with microsomal proteins or phospholipids
      might be involved instead.

PMID- 4051639
TI  - Adrenaline activates in the intact dog a positive feedback loop causing an
      increase in noradrenaline plasma levels.
AB  - Intravenous adrenaline infusions (100 ng . kg-1 min-1) during 30 min resulted in
      an increase in dog plasma adrenaline and caused a very marked increase in
      noradrenaline, beginning at 15 min of the infusion and reaching a maximum (10
      fold increase) at the end of the infusion. The heart, but not the vascular
      tissue, showed an increase in adrenaline content. Propranolol (0.5 + 0.5 mg . kg
      1) or cocaine (0.5 + 0.5 mg . kg-1) prevented the increase in plasma
      noradrenaline caused by adrenaline. Isoprenaline (10 ng . kg-1 . min-1) infused
      during 30 min caused a smaller (2.7-fold) increase in noradrenaline levels, and
      those effects were also prevented by propranolol or cocaine. From these results,
      it is concluded that in vivo the increase in noradrenaline plasma levels is due
      to an activation of beta-adrenoceptors and that this plasma noradrenaline appears
      to be of neuronal origin. The results also suggest that adrenaline or
      isoprenaline, after being taken up into nerve terminals, when released activate
      presynaptic beta-receptors and facilitate the release of neuronal noradrenaline.

PMID- 4051640
TI  - Peripheral cardiovascular effects of tabernanthine tartrate in anaesthetized
      rats.
AB  - The peripheral cardiovascular effects of tabernanthine tartrate have been studied
      in anaesthetized rats. Our results confirm that the bradycardic effect of
      tabernanthine is not inhibited by vagotomy, atropine or propranolol. On the
      contrary, bivagotomy, atropine treatment, as well as carotid artery occlusion,
      potentiate the bradycardic effect of tabernanthine. The same is true for its
      hypotensive action and can be explained by the suppression of a compensatory
      mechanism involving the central nervous system, the parasympathetic system and/or
      a baroreflex mechanism. In addition, domperidone and sulpiride, two dopaminolytic
      drugs, are able to potentiate the decrease in heart rate produced by
      tabernanthine. In pithed rat, tabernanthine 1 mg/kg, potentiates the increases in
      systolic blood pressure produced either by norepinephrine or serotonine;
      conversely the systolic blood pressure responses to angiotensin II are
      significantly inhibited by tabernanthine 1 mg/kg. Thus, tabernanthine appears to
      possess a complex cardiovascular mechanism of action, depending probably on a
      simultaneous stimulation of beta 2-vascular adrenoceptors and alteration of
      cellular movements of calcium. Part of the direct bradycardic effect, as well as
      the inhibition of the pressor responses of angiotensin II could be explained by a
      calcium antagonist action of the alcaloid.

PMID- 4051641
TI  - Cardiovascular effects and interaction with adrenoceptors of urapidil.
AB  - Urapidil is a novel antihypertensive agent, chemically related to uracil. Its
      cardiovascular profile was evaluated in a variety of pharmacological models.
      Urapidil caused a significant decrease of blood pressure in intact rats, both
      hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (WKY), as well as in alpha-glucochloralose
      anaesthetized cats. Reflex tachycardia was not observed. An analysis in pithed
      rats showed that urapidil is an alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drug with an obvious
      selectivity for postsynaptic alpha 1- over alpha 2-adrenoceptors. The alpha 1
      adrenoceptor blocking potency proved quantitatively less than that of prazosin.
      Experiments on isolated aorta preparations and radioligand binding studies
      confirmed the selectivity of urapidil for alpha 1- over alpha 2-adrenoceptors.
      The involvement of urapidil with presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors proved
      negligible. Urapidil proved to possess modest but significant beta 1-adrenoceptor
      blocking activity, accompanied by a certain degree of intrinsic sympathomimetic
      activity (TSA) at the level of the cardiac beta 1-adrenoceptors. No significant
      interaction with vascular beta 2-adrenoceptors was observed. High doses of
      urapidil caused pressor effects of a probably unspecific nature; neither alpha
      adrenoceptors nor 5HT-receptors were involved. When injected into the vertebral
      artery of the cat, urapidil caused a significant central hypotensive effect which
      was different from that of clonidine and related drugs, since it could not be
      blocked by yohimbine (alpha 2-receptor antagonist). Similarly, the modest
      sedation produced by urapidil in mice remained uninfluenced by yohimbine. The
      urapidil molecule does not contain any stereoisomers. Accordingly, one and the
      same molecule possesses the following pharmacodynamic properties: postsynaptic
      alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockade; weak postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptor blockade;
      modest but selective beta 1-adrenoceptor blockade with ISA; central hypotensive
      activity not mediated by central alpha 2-adrenoceptors.

PMID- 4051643
TI  - Inhibitory effect of hyperosmolality on catecholamine secretion from the bovine
      adrenal medulla.
AB  - We examined the effect of hyperosmolality on exocytotic catecholamine secretion
      in isolated-perfused bovine adrenals, in both the absence and presence of Ca2+ in
      the extracellular medium. Exposure of adrenal glands to hyperosmotic media (600
      mOsm/Kg H2O) for 20 minutes significantly decreased spontaneous catecholamine
      output, and was independent of extracellular Ca2+ concentration. Adrenal glands
      were exposed to a hyperosmotic Locke solution (600 mOsm/Kg H2O) for 10 minutes
      and then stimulated with acetylcholine. Hyperosmolality produced a significant,
      reversible inhibition of acetylcholine-evoked catecholamine secretion. As the
      osmotic strength of the perfusion fluid was increased, either by addition of
      sucrose or NaCl, there was a progressive reduction in the acetylcholine response.
      Hyperosmolality also decreased catecholamine release induced by 56 mM K+ and by
      removal of NaCl from the perfusion medium. Similar results were seen in glands
      exposed to a NaCl-free solution in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. These
      results suggest that inhibitory effects of hyperosmolality on stimulus-secretion
      coupling in the adrenal medulla are exerted after Ca2+ enters the chromaffin
      cells, and support one of the primary criteria of the chemiosmotic hypothesis.

PMID- 4051642
TI  - Antihypertensive action of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - The experiments were carried out in order to clarify the mechanisms of
      attenuation of hypertension development by means of diets enriched with
      polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).
      Female SHR were fed a linoleic acid rich (LAr) diet (13.3 cal % LA, sunflower
      oil), a linolenic acid rich (LNAr) diet (18.8 cal % LNA, 3.9 cal % LA; linseed
      oil) and a PUFA deficient diet (0.5 cal % LA, hydrogenated palm kernel fat),
      respectively, during the last week of pregnancy and during the suckling period.
      Corresponding diets were given to the male offspring up to an age of 16 weeks.
      Our results demonstrate that the attenuation of hypertension development in LAr
      and LNAr fed male SHR was paralleled by an increased in-vitro uptake of 14C
      norepinephrine into cardiac and aortic tissues as well as an increased
      degradation rate of 14C-norepinephrine in cardiac tissue. Ex vivo prostaglandin
      (PG) formation was reduced after LNAr diet in the aorta (PGF2 alpha, PGI2-like
      material) and in the kidney medulla (PGE, PGF2 alpha). It is concluded that an
      increased catecholamine inactivation may play a role in the attenuation of
      hypertension development in LAr and LNAr diet fed SHR.

PMID- 4051644
TI  - Effects of optical isomers of pentobarbital on behavior in rats maintained on
      either the D or the L optical isomer of methadone.
AB  - The effects of the d and l optical isomers of methadone and (S)-(-)- and (R)-(+)-
      optical isomers of pentobarbital were studied on responding maintained under a
      multiple fixed-ratio 30-response fixed-interval 5-min schedule of food
      presentation in rats before, during, and after chronic administration of d- or l-
      methadone. Acute administration of both isomers of pentobarbital decreased
      responding more during the fixed-ratio component of the schedule than during the
      fixed-interval component. S-(-)-pentobarbital was slightly more potent than R-(+)
      pentobarbital in decreasing the rate of fixed-ratio responding and the fixed
      interval quarter life. Daily administration of d-methadone for four weeks shifted
      the dose-effect curves for (S)-(-)-pentobarbital to the right for both schedule
      components; however, (R)-(+)-pentobarbital showed less tendency to shift. Daily
      administration of l-methadone showed little tendency to shift the dose-effect
      curve for either pentobarbital isomer. Before chronic treatment, acute
      administration of l-methadone, decreased rates of both FR and FI responding at
      much lower doses than d-methadone. Unlike d-methadone, chronic daily l-methadone
      shifted the l-methadone dose-effect curves to the right during both components of
      the schedule.

PMID- 4051645
TI  - Anticonvulsant action of GABA agonists and prodrugs on minor and major seizures
      in epileptic gerbils. Comparison with mouse models of seizure states.
AB  - The anticonvulsant efficacy of the GABAmimetic drugs cetyl GABA, progabide and
      THIP (4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo [5,4-c] pyridine-3-ol) was studied against
      minor (myoclonic) and major (generalized tonic-clonic) seizures in gerbils as
      well as against maximal electroshock and s.c. pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures
      in mice. Seizures in gerbils were evoked by a blast of compressed air. THIP and
      progabide were about equally active to protect gerbils against minor and major
      seizures. ED 50s for THIP were 0.98 and 1.3 mg/kg and for progabide 58 and 50
      mg/kg i.p., respectively. Cetyl GABA failed to show a linear dose-response
      against minor seizures but was quite potent against major ones (ED 50 4.4 mg/kg).
      All three GABAmimetics were inactive in the mouse models of seizure states except
      a weak effect of progabide against maximal electroshock seizures. The data show
      that seizure-prone gerbils with different seizure types differ strikingly in
      sensitivity to GABAmimetic drugs from traditional mouse models for anticonvulsant
      drug evaluation.

PMID- 4051646
TI  - Side effects of drugs stimulating prolactin secretion on the behavior of male
      rats.
AB  - The behavioral effects of drugs stimulating prolactin (PRL) secretion have been
      studied in male rats. Acquisition of active avoidance behavior was facilitated by
      short- (SHPRL) and long-term hyperprolactinaemia (LHPRL) induced by pituitary
      homografts under the kidney capsule. Dopamine antagonists, such as haloperidol
      and bromperidol, though causing hyperprolactinaemia, suppressed the acquisition
      of active avoidance behavior. Sulpiride was not effective in this respect. SHPRL
      facilitated and LHPRL inhibited sexual behavior of male rats. Haloperidol, but
      not sulpiride, suppressed sexual capacity of these animals. Sulpiride and
      domperidone, but not haloperidol, increased locomotor activity of male rats.
      These data suggest that differences in the behavioral effects of dopamine
      antagonists may depend on their capacity to compete with PRL at the central
      level.

PMID- 4051647
TI  - Protector effects of an anti-heart immune serum on guinea-pig atrial and
      papillary muscle in digitalis intoxication.
AB  - An anti-heart immune serum (IS) has been tested to prevent digitalis intoxication
      in guinea-pig atrial and papillary muscle. The results show a good protector
      effect of the IS against the cardiotoxic effects of digitoxin. The hypothesis of
      an interaction between the IS and the affinity binding sites of the cardiotonic
      glycosides can be retained.

PMID- 4051648
TI  - [Distribution and course of sodium, potassium and calcium levels in seminal
      plasma of bulls].

PMID- 4051649
TI  - [Diagnosis of cardiovascular defects, arrhythmias and functional heart conduction
      disorders in sport and race horses].

PMID- 4051650
TI  - [The significance of pH value for the determination of sperm quality, the course
      of estrus and the achievement of good fertilization results. 2. The pH status of
      the ovine cervicovaginal secretion at the time of insemination, its relation to
      fertilization results, and the effect of an exogenous buffer application].

PMID- 4051651
TI  - [Rectal temperature, hemoglobin concentration of blood as well as glucose and
      lactose levels of blood plasma in consecutive locomotive stresses in fattening
      swine].

PMID- 4051652
TI  - Association of erythrocyte reduced glutathione with milk production and somatic
      cell count in dairy goats.

PMID- 4051653
TI  - [Action of antiviral substances on influenza viruses through the inhibition of
      neuraminidase production].

PMID- 4051655
TI  - [Differentiation of variants of Prototheca zopfii Kruger 1894].

PMID- 4051654
TI  - [Determination of tumor-associated antigen activity in plasma membrane
      preparations from tumorous lymph nodes of cattle with enzootic leukosis].

PMID- 4051656
TI  - [Determination of cytotoxic antibodies against BL-3 cells in cattle with enzootic
      leukosis].

PMID- 4051657
TI  - [Acid-base parameters in blood, erythrocytes, liver tissue and urine in
      decompensated metabolic acidosis of cattle].

PMID- 4051658
TI  - [Effect of metronidazole on gastrointestinal flora in young swine].

PMID- 4051659
TI  - [Experimental studies of the reactivity of adsorbed tetanus toxoids in guinea
      pigs].

PMID- 4051660
TI  - [Studies on the loss of lactose in milk stored in healthy and subclinically
      affected udders using 14C-lactose].

PMID- 4051661
TI  - [Relation between the vitamin A supply to chickens and susceptibility to Eimeria
      tenella].

PMID- 4051662
TI  - [Effect of Yersinia enterocolitica enterotoxin on the ultrastructure of the
      intestinal epithelium in juvenile mice].

PMID- 4051663
TI  - [Behavior of various parameters of mineral metabolism with special reference to
      the mineralization of the skeleton in cows with parturient paresis 16 weeks from
      onset of the disease].

PMID- 4051664
TI  - Glutathione peroxidase activity in dairy goat erythrocytes in relation to somatic
      cell counts and milk production.

PMID- 4051666
TI  - [Methodological studies of the phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages of swine
      using a radioreagent technic].

PMID- 4051665
TI  - [Methods of intravital lung lavage in swine--collection and differentiation of
      alveolar cells].

PMID- 4051667
TI  - [Cell electrophoretic studies of cattle lymphocytes].

PMID- 4051668
TI  - [Staphylococcus intermedius in urolithiasis of mink].

PMID- 4051670
TI  - [Functional measurement of the absorptive capacity of the small intestine in
      diarrheic calves with conclusions on the usefulness of oral treatment].

PMID- 4051669
TI  - [Rectal electropotential measurement in swine].

PMID- 4051671
TI  - [A great unrecognized factor: intracellular calcium].

PMID- 4051672
TI  - [Responses of somatotropin to stimuli after brief administration of estradiol in
      short children].
AB  - Ethinyl estradiol has been administered orally, 100 micrograms per day during
      three days, to enhance the growth hormone (GH) response to usual pharmacological
      stimuli. 102 prepubertal short patients aged 2 to 17 years with height between 2
      to 6 SD below the mean, were studied. Human growth hormone (hGH) treatment was
      given only to those patients whose GH response was still below 10 ng/ml after
      estradiol. Under hGH treatment, their growth rate increased twofold, as much in
      patients with partial GH deficiency as in those with complete GH deficiency. It
      is concluded that the lack of GH response after estradiol priming contributes to
      the assessment of the indication for treatment with hGH. However, since it has
      not been possible to give this treatment to very short children whose GH response
      became normal after priming, this study does not allow to preclude the effect of
      hGH in such conditions. Thus estradiol priming must not be included among the
      practical criteria leading to therapeutic decision in doubtful cases.

PMID- 4051673
TI  - [Isthmus lysis and spondylolisthesis. A traumatic pathology].
AB  - Fourty-five children presenting with an isthmic lysis, complicated or not with
      spondylolisthesis were studied. The authors suggest that the isthmic lysis could
      be a stress-induced lesion, a "fatigue fracture" which may heal if treated early,
      before spondylolisthesis occurs. The main point is therefore an early diagnosis.

PMID- 4051674
TI  - [Vertebral eosinophilic granuloma and spinal cord compression].
AB  - We describe a case of spinal eosinophilic granuloma inducing a medullary
      compression syndrome. However, this condition appears to be very infrequent,
      since only 16 cases were reported in literature. The difficulties of the
      diagnosis of this disease and its therapeutic management are discussed.

PMID- 4051675
TI  - [Deficiency rickets in an adolescent girl].
AB  - The authors report the case of a 14 year-old adolescent girl presenting with
      rickets due to vitamin D deficiency. This rare condition has already been
      described in young immigrants coming from Asia and North Africa. Most often,
      symptoms consist of diffuse pains, with radiologic signs of skeletal
      demineralization and/or signs of bone resorption. Evolution is favourable under
      vitamin treatment. This condition seems to be induced by an increased requirement
      for vitamin D at time of adolescent growth spurt. It is promoted by the lack of
      sunlight and the skin pigmentation. It is likely that a number of these
      deficiencies are undiagnosed and recover spontaneously.

PMID- 4051676
TI  - [Maintenance treatment of Wilson's disease with oral zinc. Apropos of a child
      treated for 4 years].
AB  - A 13 year-old boy with Wilson's disease was treated with zinc sulphate per os for
      4 years. This treatment, which was effective and non toxic, could substitute for
      penicillamine as long term treatment of Wilson's disease.

PMID- 4051677
TI  - [Cerebral cysticercosis. Apropos of a case treated with praziquantel].
AB  - The authors report a case of cerebral cysticercosis in a 17 year-old adolescent.
      Partial seizures and moderate functional signs of intracranial hypertension were
      the presenting symptoms. Treatment with Praziquantel under corticosteroid therapy
      was successful with almost complete disappearance of radiologic abnormalities on
      the computerised tomographic examination performed 7 months after the end of
      treatment.

PMID- 4051678
TI  - [Enteric cyst and pulmonary sequestration. A non-fortuitous association. Apropos
      of a case].
AB  - The authors report a case of associated malformation of the posterior mediastinum
      consisting of enteric cyst and bronchopulmonary sequestration. The interesting
      aspect of this case is that these 2 malformations were not simply juxtaposed but
      connected by an individual bronchus, thus reinforcing the hypothesis that
      bronchopulmonary sequestration can be consequence of an abnormal bud born of the
      primitive anterior digestive tract.

PMID- 4051679
TI  - [Hospitalization of adolescents in a regional hospital center].
AB  - A one-year study of hospitalizations of 12-18 year old adolescents in a general
      hospital in the East of France showed a rate of hospitalization of 4.3%, lower by
      1/2 than that of the general population. More than half of the patients were
      admitted to surgical wards, one third to wards of internal medicine and, for the
      girls, 15% to wards of gynecology and obstetrics. One third of the adolescents
      were admitted to departments of pediatrics. The causes of admission were, in
      order of frequency, accidents, infections and mental disorders. On the basis of
      these data, the modalities for reception of adolescents in hospitals are
      discussed.

PMID- 4051680
TI  - [Therapeutic concentrations of theophylline and caffeine during treatment of
      apnea in premature infants with theophylline].
AB  - Theophylline has been administered to 76 premature infants with apnea in two
      therapeutic indications: curative and preventive treatment. Plasmatic
      theophylline and caffeine concentrations have been performed by gas
      chromatography for ten days for the determination of the therapeutic range. The
      maximum effective concentration has been defined from the data observed in 33
      subjects presenting with symptoms considered as signs of toxicity. The minimum
      effective concentration has been determined from the data observed during the
      failure of treatment (n = 4) and at the reappearance of apnea at the end of
      treatment (n = 10). The therapeutic concentrations of theophylline has be found
      on average to be 3 to 8 mg/l and for the theophylline and caffeine together from
      5 to 10 mg/l. The sum theophylline and caffeine data is better for therapeutic
      monitoring than the determination of theophylline alone.

PMID- 4051681
TI  - The clinical implications of primary diagnostic groups among alcoholics.
AB  - Interviews with patients and two resource persons were used to determine primary
      psychiatric diagnoses in 577 consecutive men entering an alcohol treatment
      program (ATP) at a veterans hospital. Twelve months later, about 95% of the
      sample were successfully followed up with a patient and resource person interview
      to establish the clinical course over the year for the four most populous
      diagnostic subgroups. At intake into the treatment program, the 432 group 1
      primary alcoholic men were older, had a later age at onset of alcoholism,
      demonstrated a lower intensity of drinking, had fewer antisocial problems, and
      used fewer categories of drugs than the 60 men in group 2 with primary drug abuse
      and the 40 men in group 3 with primary antisocial personality disorder. During
      the follow-up, men in groups 2 and 3 had a greater likelihood of drug use, more
      police and social problems, and demonstrated higher (more adverse) outcomes on a
      clinical outcome scale. The nine group 4 men with primary affective disorder at
      intake demonstrated an increased risk for past suicide attempts and psychiatric
      care and had a higher rate of affective disorder in first-degree family members.
      These findings underscore the importance of distinguishing between symptoms (eg,
      sadness or antisocial problems) and diagnoses and the need to establish primary
      and secondary labels in substance abusers.

PMID- 4051682
TI  - Psychopathology in hospitalized alcoholics.
AB  - This study utilized the DSM-III criteria and the National Institute of Mental
      Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule to assess the prevalence of lifetime
      psychopathology among hospitalized alcoholics. Antisocial personality (ASP) and
      substance-use disorder were common psychopathologies among male alcoholics and
      major depression and phobia were common among female alcoholics. The onset of
      most psychopathologies preceded the abuse of alcohol among women. In men,
      however, with the exception of ASP and panic disorder, the onset of
      psychopathology was subsequent to that of alcohol abuse and/or dependence.
      Diagnoses of ASP and substance abuse were characterized by early onset of regular
      intoxication and alcohol abuse. Gender and the presence of specific
      psychopathology appeared to modify the course and symptom picture of alcoholism.
      In general, alcoholic women showed a later onset of regular intoxication and a
      more rapid progression to alcohol abuse and dependence than alcoholic men.

PMID- 4051683
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol and norepinephrine levels in
      alcohol withdrawal. Correlations with clinical signs.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG)
      concentrations were significantly elevated in patients during the alcohol
      withdrawal syndrome. When CSF MHPG was corrected using a formula proposed to
      determine CSF MHPG levels of central origin, these values were still
      significantly elevated when compared with control values. The MHPG concentrations
      in CSF also showed significant positive correlations with heart rate, systolic
      and diastolic blood pressures, tremor, anorexia, and sweating. The results of
      this study indicate increased presynaptic release of norepinephrine during
      alcohol withdrawal.

PMID- 4051684
TI  - DSM-III psychiatric diagnosis of narcotic addicts. Recent findings.
AB  - We diagnosed and classified a diverse sample of 133 narcotic addicts using DSM
      III criteria. Seventy-seven percent of the sample met criteria for one or more
      diagnoses on axis I, and 65% met criteria for a personality disorder on axis II.
      In total, 93% met the criteria for one or more psychiatric disorders other than
      substance abuse. Although heterogeneity of diagnosis is noted, depressions and
      personality disorders, often in combination, were most prominent. Several factors
      related to specific diagnostic groupings are analyzed and their significance for
      the psychopathology of narcotic addiction is discussed.

PMID- 4051685
TI  - Untreated opiate addicts. How do they differ from those seeking treatment?
AB  - Treatment-seeking opiate addicts were compared with an untreated, community
      sample identified through the chain-referral technique. Community and treatment
      seeking addicts were found to be comparable in duration and severity of opiate
      use and in current engagement in risky, illegal activities connected with
      procurement of drugs. However, community addicts reported more adequate social
      functioning, fewer drug-related legal problems, and lower rates of depressive
      disorders. Despite the comparatively less severe problems in current functioning,
      community addicts were found to be a substantially impaired group whose failure
      to seek help appeared more related to misunderstanding of the severity of their
      drug use and of treatment opportunities than to the lack of need for help.

PMID- 4051686
TI  - Sociopathy and psychotherapy outcome.
AB  - One hundred ten nonpsychotic opiate addicts were randomly assigned to receive
      paraprofessional drug counseling alone or counseling plus professional
      psychotherapy. The outcomes of patients who received psychotherapy were examined
      in terms of their DSM-III diagnoses. Four groups were compared: those with opiate
      dependence alone (N = 16); opiate dependence plus depression (N = 16); opiate
      dependence plus depression plus antisocial personality disorder (N = 17); and
      opiate dependence plus antisocial personality disorder (N = 13). Those with
      opiate dependence plus antisocial personality disorder alone improved only on
      ratings of drug use. Patients with opiate dependence alone or with opiate
      dependence plus depression improved significantly and in many areas. Opiate
      dependent patients with antisocial personality plus depression responded almost
      as well as those with only depression. Antisocial personality disorder alone is a
      negative predictor of psychotherapy outcome, but the presence of depression
      appears to be a condition that allows the patient to be amenable to
      psychotherapy, even though the behavioral manifestations of sociopathy are
      present.

PMID- 4051687
TI  - Situational major depressive disorder.
AB  - Fifty-seven patients with situational major depression diagnosed by the Research
      Diagnostic Criteria were compared with 72 subjects with nonsituational major
      depression on demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables. The situational
      patients tended to be younger and had fewer prior episodes of depression and
      fewer hospitalizations. No differences were found in categories of life events,
      in overall clinical picture, in social supports, or in family history.

PMID- 4051688
TI  - The validity of neurotic-reactive depression. New data and reappraisal.
AB  - A family history of alcoholism can be used as a validating factor in the
      diagnosis of reactive-neurotic depression. Not only is this true but there are
      clear data that indicate the presence of positive symptoms that can be used to
      make the diagnosis. A set of criteria based on previous research is presented for
      the diagnosis of neurotic-reactive depression. These criteria are based on a
      clustering of certain symptoms, events, and traits in patients with neurotic
      reactive depression. The patients showed stormy life-styles, some specific
      symptoms, personality abnormalities, presence of life events before the onset of
      depression, and a family history of alcoholism. They had relatively few
      hospitalizations for depression and responded poorly to specific antidepressant
      treatment.

PMID- 4051689
TI  - Situational and neurotic-reactive depression.

PMID- 4051690
TI  - [Synthesis of phosphono analogs of 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl(octadecyl)-sn-3
      glycerylphosphorylcholine (platelet-activating factor)].

PMID- 4051691
TI  - [Morphologic, biochemical and pharmacokinetic studies on suction blisters in
      relationship to their nature and time of formation].

PMID- 4051692
TI  - [Penetration of 8-methoxypsoralen into suction blister fluid in the rat].

PMID- 4051693
TI  - Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis and ABO blood groups and secretor status.
AB  - A correlation was found between the incidence of acute haematogenous
      osteomyelitis (AHO) and ABO blood groups but not between AHO and the secretory
      function of the saliva. AHO is more common among children of blood group O and,
      to a lesser extent, group A. Although it was found to occur more commonly among
      secretors than non-secretors, the difference from a control group was not
      statistically significant. At present this possibility can only be taken as a
      tentative suggestion for further research in this field.

PMID- 4051694
TI  - Trans-gluteal approach for hemiarthroplasty of the hip.
AB  - An approach to the hip through the anterior capsule via a lateral incision is
      described, which gives excellent access to the medullary canal of the upper femur
      and is, therefore, suitable for hip hemiarthroplasty. It utilizes the principle
      that gluteus medius and vastus lateralis are in anatomical continuity. The
      gluteus medius is split vertically and the anterior portion detached from the
      greater trochanter. After reattachment its position, as shown by marking clips
      and post-operative radiographs, remains unaltered. A new retractor, specially
      designed for use with this approach, is described. A series of 40
      hemiarthroplasties using this technique is presented.

PMID- 4051695
TI  - Stress fractures of the sesamoid bones of the first metatarsophalangeal joint in
      athletes.
AB  - Over a period of 11 years 15 cases of stress fractures of the sesamoid bones of
      the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint were treated in athletes. The mean age
      of the patients was 22.3 years, and there were 9 males and 6 females in the
      series. All patients were athletes, who began to suffer from the symptoms during
      training without any trauma. Eight fractures were located in the medial, six in
      the lateral sesamoid bone, and in one case both sesamoids were affected. The
      diagnosis was performed on the basis of the history, symptoms, clinical
      examination, and radiological, or isotope scanning findings. Ten of the patients
      were treated conservatively by prescribing an avoidance of excessive physical
      activity and better training shoes. In five cases surgical excision of the
      fragmented painful sesamoid bone was performed. There were no complications in
      the series and the athletes could start gradually training 6-8 weeks after the
      operation. The histology showed fibrotic non-union at the fracture site and
      supported the diagnosis of stress fracture. Three of the conservatively treated
      athletes had mild symptoms in intensive training, others had a good end result.

PMID- 4051696
TI  - Pin-hole changes after external fixation of tubular bone.
AB  - K-wire-pin-induced changes in cortical bone were studied in the intact rabbit
      tibiofibular bone. Using a bilateral external fixator two pairs of pins were
      applied under compression (10 kp), under distraction (10 kp), and in a
      neutralization sense. After defined intervals the pin-holes were investigated
      macroscopically and radiologically. Reactive and resorptive changes were present
      in 101 of 576 (17.5%) pin-holes, infection in 13 (2.3%) pin-holes. Changes were
      significantly more frequent in the distal pin-holes. The appearance of the pin
      holes was not influenced by the type of external fixation used nor did the
      occurrence depend on the duration of metal implantation.

PMID- 4051697
TI  - The longest delay between femoral neck fracture and femoral head collapse?
AB  - Osteonecrosis and acute collapse of the femoral head occurred in a 79-year-old
      woman with a history of femoral neck fracture sustained 28 years previously. The
      occurrence of radiographic signs and clinical symptoms was associated with new
      functional demands on the hip because of a recent contralateral hip fracture. The
      femoral head collapse necessitated total hip arthroplasty. Determination of
      femoral head vitality at the time of arthroplasty implicated partial avascularity
      of the head as a cause of the collapse. With high probability, this partial
      avascularity was induced by the femoral neck fracture sustained 28 years earlier.

PMID- 4051698
TI  - Urological complications after total hip replacement.
AB  - Two cases of acute (partial) obstruction of the ureter following total hip
      replacement ad modum Charnley are reported. The two cases are found to be caused
      by action from an intrapelvic cement plug. Similar cases from the literature are
      referred.

PMID- 4051699
TI  - Carpal tunnel syndrome. Anatomical and clinical investigation.
AB  - The anatomy of the carpal tunnel was studied by postmortem dissection of both
      wrists in ten adults with normal wrists. Preoperative clinical and EMG
      examinations were performed on 28 wrists in 23 patients suffering from carpal
      tunnel syndrome. Anatomical and histological studies were made in connection with
      operation, and postoperatively the condition was followed clinically and by EMG.
      Numbness, tingling, and pain of the hands were markedly relieved during 2 months
      of follow-up, whereas clumsiness and weakness showed no significant change.
      preoperatively, EMG showed sensory abnormalities in 96% of cases and motoric
      abnormalities in 82%. The diagnostic accuracy of EMG was good, in particular as
      regards the sensory aspect. The return to normal of EMg was slow. Pathoanatomical
      examination showed a normal tendon sheath and transverse carpal ligament in 52%,
      while rheuma was found in the specimens of 12%, fibrosis of the tendon sheath in
      36%, and fibrosis of the transverse carpal ligament in 32%. No correlation was
      observed between the shape of the osseous carpal tunnel and the degree of
      clinical symptoms.

PMID- 4051700
TI  - Rotational instability of the patella on radiographic images.
AB  - In the period from 1980 to 1981, knee joint radiographs were made in 82 patients
      following the clinical diagnosis of patellar chondropathy. A total of 119 knee
      joints with patellar chondropathy and 45 with no specific complaints on the
      contralateral side, in addition to a control cohort consisting of 28 persons,
      i.e., 56 knee joints with no complaints, were evaluated. Tangential radiographic
      images of the patellae enabled us to measure directly the rotation of the patella
      around the axis perpendicular to its center. It could be established that all
      healthy patellae underwent medial rotation between 45 and 60 degrees of knee
      flexion which was maintained up to 90 degrees, whereas the affected knee joints
      did not rotate.

PMID- 4051701
TI  - Experimental distal subluxation in the glenohumeral joint.
AB  - In an experimental set-up including ten shoulder specimens, increments in the
      acromiohumeral distance (the subacromial space) were measured on an X-ray
      radioscope after the vertical stabilizing structures of the glenohumeral joint
      had been cut. It was found that when only the supraspinatus tendons were cut, the
      acromiohumeral space only increased by a few millimeters. When first the
      coracohumeral ligament and then the proximal one-third of the anterior capsule
      were cut, the acromiohumeral distance was doubled in each case. Distal
      subluxation did not occur when only the anterior capsule was cut. When the
      coracohumeral ligament was also cut, the acromiohumeral distance was more than
      doubled. It is concluded that the most important structures in the pathogenesis
      of distal subluxation are first the coracohumeral ligament and then the proximal
      part of the glenohumeral capsule.

PMID- 4051702
TI  - Coinciding morbidity in patients with coxarthrosis. An epidemiological study of
      roentgen examinations.
AB  - In 279 patients who had undergone total hip replacement because of primary
      coxarthrosis, the occurrence of fractures, other diseases, and roentgen
      examinations was compared with that in the same number of age- and sexmatched
      controls from the same population. Coxarthrosis patients had had significantly
      more fractures than the controls before their hip operation but did not have
      significantly more after the operation except for fracture distal to the femur
      implant, which was rare but occurred only in the patients who had undergone
      surgery. Fragility fractures, including hip fractures, were equally frequent in
      coxarthrosis patients and controls. There was a higher tendency to morbidity in
      conditions related to ageing and degeneration; diabetes, however, was less
      frequent in coxarthrosis patients. Coxarthrosis patients had also had more
      frequent examinations of their gastro intestinal tract and their kidneys.

PMID- 4051704
TI  - Anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency treated by combined medial and lateral
      extra-articular reconstruction.
AB  - Thirty patients who required surgery for an unstable knee with "giving way"
      symptoms were operated during 1979-1981 with a pes anserinus transfer and an
      Ellison procedure at the same seance. All patients had an insufficient anterior
      cruciate ligament prior to surgery. Of these 24 patients had a positive pivot
      shift test, and 26 patients had an anteromedial rotatory instability. Twenty
      eight patients were seen at a follow-up after an average of 28 months (range 19
      49). There were 12 women and 16 men, with a mean age of 28 years. Eleven patients
      (39%) declared that their knee function was distinctly improved, and six (21%)
      that it was moderately improved after surgery. Knee function was unchanged for
      ten patients (36%), and one patient said that the knee function had deteriorated
      after surgery. The functional result was not correlated with the duration of
      symptoms or with the follow-up time. Physical examination revealed that the
      anterior drawer had not disappeared for any of the patients. A positive pivot
      shift sign was still present in 18 patients, and 23 patients displayed an
      increased varus instability.--All but six patients still had some instability
      experiences, and most of them could not completely return to active sports.
      However, the method could provide an alternative for patients engaged in frequent
      but not heavy physical activity.

PMID- 4051703
TI  - Growth changes of collagen cross-linking, calcium, and water content in bone.
AB  - It has been claimed that the increase in the strength of growing bone is due to
      increased mineral content. The strength of collagen is based on intermolecular
      covalent cross-links, and it has also been proposed that cross-link changes
      increase bone strength. Measurements of the content of calcium, collagen, and
      water, as well as cross-link analyses, were performed on the tibial cortex of
      growing dogs. Within the age range studied (8-44 weeks), no changes in calcium
      content expressed as a percentage of dry bone weight were seen. Collagen content
      expressed as weight of hydroxyproline per dry bone weight showed a minor
      reduction during growth. However, water content decreased considerably up to an
      age of about 25 weeks, which implies a concomitant increase in the amount of bone
      material. Of the two cross-link main groups, reducible and nonreducible, it is
      only possible chemically to analyze the reducible. During the final part of the
      period of growth and mechanical maturation of the bones, the number of reducible
      cross-links decreases. This indicates a concomitant increase in the more stable
      nonreducible forms. The possible mechanical relevance of the chemical changes
      found during growth is discussed.

PMID- 4051705
TI  - Mechanical effects of intramedullary reaming on osteotomy healing in rats.
AB  - The effect of intramedullary reaming on the healing of stable femoral osteotomies
      was studied. In one group of rats reaming of the medullary cavity was performed,
      and a partial, transverse osteotomy was made at the mid-shaft. In the control
      group only the osteotomy was made. At 0, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days following
      operation the bending moment and the bending rigidity of the osteotomies were
      evaluated. There were no significant differences in these biomechanical
      parameters between the two groups during the experimental period. The results
      indicate that reaming of the medullary cavity of diaphyseal bone does not
      significantly impair the healing of fractures that are rigidly fixated.

PMID- 4051706
TI  - Issues in the federal funding of rehabilitation research.
AB  - An allocation model for funding health research is the framework for highlighting
      issues concerned with the federal financing of research related to the
      rehabilitation of handicapped individuals. Discussion focuses upon the policies
      and practices of the National Institute of Handicapped Research (NIHR) because of
      its prominent role among the federal agencies that support rehabilitation
      research. Separate consideration is given to the influence of the 1978 amendments
      to the Rehabilitation Act, the National Council on the Handicapped, the NIHR long
      range plan, the Interagency Committee for Handicapped Research, and procedures
      for establishing NIHR's annual priorities. NIHR's conduct of peer review is
      critically reviewed, as is the agency's history of annual appropriations. Reasons
      are discussed why rehabilitation research has been inadequately funded, and steps
      are recommended for increasing its federal support.

PMID- 4051707
TI  - Muscle tone: objective evaluation of the static component at the wrist.
AB  - A device measuring the flexion of the hand from an extended position was
      evaluated as a technique for assessing the passive component of muscle tone.
      Wrist measurements of 23 individuals, ten able-bodied, eight with spastic and
      five with flaccid wrists, were collected for three days of each week for three
      weeks, to determine the interrater, test-retest reliability, and construct
      validity of the device. Findings demonstrated high interrater reliability,
      inadequate test-retest reliability for single daily score comparisons, but an
      acceptable level of test-retest reliability for composite weekly score
      comparisons. Construct validity was supported since measurements of the involved
      limbs of individuals with spastic and flaccid wrists and the able-bodied group
      were significantly different from each other. This technique may provide useful
      objective information for therapists.

PMID- 4051708
TI  - Expressive communication disorders in persons with multiple sclerosis: a survey.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to survey individuals with multiple sclerosis to
      determine (1) the presence and severity of their expressive communication
      disorders, (2) the extent expressive communication problems interfere with
      employment, and (3) the frequency of using communication augmentation equipment.
      An eight-page questionnaire was distributed to 656 persons diagnosed as having
      multiple sclerosis, who returned completed questionnaires. Twenty-three percent
      of the total sample reported the presence of "speech or other communication
      problems." Four percent of the total sample indicated that strangers were unable
      to understand them. Of this group 28.8% reported that they used communication
      augmentation equipment.

PMID- 4051709
TI  - Vector diagrams in the evaluation of human gait.
AB  - From recordings of reaction forces on the feet in the vertical (z) and horizontal
      for-aft (x) direction during walking, x-z vector-diagrams (VDG) are constructed
      for the purpose of clinical use in the evaluation of gait. Such use presupposes
      the existence of reference values. The parameters of VDG, ie, the maximal
      coordinates of the vectors, are dependent on weight, speed of walking, age, step
      length, and physical condition. A requirement of studies on reference values is
      that these variables as well as height are accounted for. VDG were applied to
      evaluation of gait of hemiplegic subjects: slow speeds, alterations in the
      functions of the limbs and irregularities due to instability were noted.

PMID- 4051710
TI  - Assertiveness, anxiety, and interpersonal discomfort among amputees: implications
      for assertiveness training.
AB  - It has been suggested that the onset of physical disability may lead to deficits
      in assertiveness. Therefore, in the present study assertiveness, interpersonal
      discomfort, anxiety, and demographic variables were investigated among lower limb
      amputees. Amputees completed self-report measures and hospital visitors served as
      a control group. Multiple regression analyses identified age as a significant
      predictor variable for assertiveness among amputee subjects. Similarly,
      outpatient status was a significant predictor variable for discomfort in
      interpersonal situations. It was concluded that only selected amputees may
      require assertiveness training, and recommendations were made for further
      research. The findings support the screening of disabled subjects in future
      assertiveness research, especially with respect to age and outpatient status.
      Further investigations in amputee populations are needed to describe the
      incidence, nature, and duration of discomfort and anxiety as psychosocial
      responses to amputation. Additionally, future studies should include a measure of
      discomfort in interpersonal situations at serial time periods during amputees'
      rehabilitation to describe existing patterns over time.

PMID- 4051711
TI  - Psychosocial services in rehabilitation medicine: an interdisciplinary approach.
AB  - Psychosocial adjustment to disability is an area of special need, often requiring
      intervention by mental health professionals, including social workers,
      psychologists, and psychiatrists. While the availability of all these disciplines
      is optimal for comprehensive psychosocial intervention, the use of multiple
      mental health disciplines may create problems of role confusion, overlapping
      efforts, and discontinuity of care. This paper presents the development of a
      psychosocial team as a method for identifying service goals, differentiating
      roles, coordinating psychosocial care, and educating rehabilitation staff on the
      expertise and proper use of the psychosocial disciplines. Four stages of team
      development are described: I. Identification of Purpose; II. Role Definition;
      III. Task Assignment; IV. Integration. A case example illustrates the functions
      of the interdisciplinary psychosocial team.

PMID- 4051712
TI  - Substance abuse policies in rehabilitation medicine departments.
AB  - A 27-item substance abuse questionnaire covering attitudes, beliefs, and policies
      was sent to the directors or other representatives of the 68 physical medicine
      and rehabilitation training programs in the United States. Anonymity of the
      respondents was guaranteed. Respondents representing 52 programs (76%) from 20
      states participated. Almost all respondents were physicians; most were
      rehabilitation unit directors, directors of residency training, or department
      chairpersons. The average size of the rehabilitation units was 46 beds. Four
      important findings are emphasized. First, 73% of respondents were concerned about
      alcohol or drug (A/D) problems in their patients, but only 52% supported routine
      A/D screening for all patients. Importantly, only 25% routinely screened all
      patients. Second, 90% supported guidelines prohibiting A/D use in the
      rehabilitation unit, but only 65% had a prohibition policy and only 45% had
      written guidelines. More than 50% of the respondents stated that there were
      appropriate reasons for ordering alcohol for an inpatient. Third, 92% supported
      immediate intervention for inpatients found to have A/D problems, but only 55%
      routinely provided access to drug counselors. Fourth, 75% were in favor of drug
      abuse education for patients and staff, but only 29% provided education to
      patients and 22% to staff. The results suggest that the problems of A/D abuse in
      the physically disabled have yet to be adequately recognized and addressed by
      workers in rehabilitation medicine.

PMID- 4051714
TI  - Posterior interosseous palsy after dental treatment: case report.
AB  - Unilateral posterior interosseous nerve palsy occurred in a woman after deep
      palpation by her dentist during treatment for temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
      syndrome. Weakness of wrist and finger extension was noticed by the patient after
      the dentist used techniques of "applied kinesiology," including "pressure-point
      palpation." Electromyography confirmed the localization. This case exemplifies
      nerve damage caused by unorthodox treatment directed at the musculoskeletal
      system.

PMID- 4051713
TI  - Accidental death associated with motorized wheelchair use: a case report.
AB  - Motorized wheelchairs provide independence for individuals with a wide variety of
      severely disabling conditions. The benefits of powered mobility are widely
      appreciated. In this case report, one potential risk associated with motorized
      wheelchairs is illustrated by the accidental death of a young man with Duchenne
      type muscular dystrophy. Careful patient selection, anticipatory guidance and
      training should help minimize any risks.

PMID- 4051715
TI  - Acquired isolated axillary neuropathy: an unusual complication of quadriplegia.
AB  - This report describes a rare case of acquired axillary neuropathy in a 17-year
      old C-5 quadriplegic man who developed right axillary neuropathy after sleeping
      for six hours in a far-right lateral decubitus position. Two days after the onset
      of shoulder weakness, his shoulder abduction strength was found to have decreased
      1 1/2 grades from measurements made 2 weeks before. Electrodiagnostic studies
      demonstrated no voluntary activity of the deltoid and no deltoid evoked response
      on stimulation at Erb's point, while shoulder nerve conduction latencies to other
      C-5 and posterior cord innervated muscles were within normal limits, suggesting a
      diagnosis of axillary nerve compression in the region of the quadrilateral space.
      Six and one-half months later, after strengthening exercises and shoulder joint
      support to prevent subluxation, the patient recovered deltoid strength and upper
      extremity function beyond that seen at the onset of the axillary neuropathy. This
      case emphasizes the importance of proper body positioning of spinal cord injured
      (SCI) patients to prevent peripheral nerve compression and further disability.

PMID- 4051716
TI  - The vertical wheeler: a device for ambulation in cerebral palsy.
AB  - The vertical wheeler is a new mobility aid that was specifically designed to help
      improve the quality of life for the handicapped child by providing mobility while
      standing. Results of a clinical trial in a population of patients with cerebral
      palsy are presented. Criteria were selected to allow evaluation of the
      rehabilitative effect of the device on the population. Results showed that the
      children in this cerebral palsy group all benefited from ambulation with the
      wheeler. Patients with spastic quadriparesis seemed to gain the most immediate
      benefit. The device contributed to improved mobility, posture, and self-image.
      The wheeler was safe and fun for the children. It has the potential for improving
      the psychologic and medical status of the child with severe locomotion
      impairment.

PMID- 4051717
TI  - Medial plantar SNAP recordings.

PMID- 4051718
TI  - On the prevalence and roles of females in the sadomasochistic subculture: report
      of an empirical study.
AB  - The existence of females in the sadomasochistic subculture has generally been
      denied in the theoretical, clinical, and empirical literature. The assumption
      that females do not exist in the subculture, or exist in such small numbers as to
      make analysis impossible, was tested. Questionnaires were placed in two
      publications that cater to sadomasochists, and additional questionnaires were
      mailed to advertisers whose ads appeared in a sadomasochistic contact magazine.
      Of 182 individuals who responded, 130 were males, and 52 were females, indicating
      a meaningful female presence in the subculture. An analysis of the replies
      revealed similarities and differences between the male and female respondents.

PMID- 4051719
TI  - Beliefs about rape and women's social roles.
AB  - The hypothesis tested was that beliefs about rape that place women at a
      disadvantage are positively related to beliefs that restrict the rights and roles
      of women in our society. Two scales, the R scale and the W scale, based on a
      survey of beliefs about rape (Feild, 1978) and the Attitudes Toward Women Scale
      (Spence and Helmreich, 1972), were administered as a single instrument. Subjects
      included 432 female undergraduates, 140 male undergraduates, 114 employed women,
      and 76 employed men. The latter two groups were predominantly from managerial,
      technical, and professional occupations. Product moment correlations between
      responses on the R scale and responses on the W scale were calculated for total
      scores as well as for three factors: women's responsibility and causal role in
      rape; role of consent in rape; and rapist's role and motivation. Correlations
      consistently supported the hypothesis for all four groups.

PMID- 4051720
TI  - Vaginal pulse amplitude response patterns during erotic conditions and sleep.
AB  - Vaginal photoplethysmography has been used to investigate sexual arousal response
      patterns in small samples of sexually functional and dysfunctional women, but
      selection of subjects for these studies has not been of a standardized nature. In
      the present study, two groups of women, who placed in either the upper or lower
      percentile ranks on the Sexual Arousal Inventory (Hoon et al., 1976a), were
      compared on a physiological measure of sexual arousal, vaginal pulse amplitude
      (VPA), during both waking erotic conditions and sleep. As hypothesized, no
      differences in VPA were found between groups during either waking or sleeping
      conditions. Contrary to expectation, groups also did not differ on subjective
      ratings of their laboratory arousal. With both groups combined, differences in
      VPA levels were evident between baseline and erotic conditions. Similarly, VPA
      levels differed between stages of sleep, with highest levels observed during
      rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. These findings suggest that self-reported low
      arousability is not based on lack of physiological response and that
      retrospective, self-report measures of sexual arousability differ in important
      ways from subjective and physiological measures of sexual arousal in the
      laboratory. In order to adequately assess sexual arousability, future researchers
      must either devise laboratory conditions that more closely resemble erotic
      stimuli occurring in subjects' natural environments or validate physiological
      measures of arousal in nonlaboratory settings. Finally, the nocturnal evaluation
      of VPA seems potentially useful for cases in which organic factors may be
      contributing to sexual dysfunction.

PMID- 4051721
TI  - Predicting contraceptive behavior among college students: the role of
      communication, knowledge, sexual anxiety, and self-esteem.
AB  - Undergraduate students were surveyed about their sexual behavior and
      contraceptive behavior. In addition, measures of their self-esteem, knowledge
      about contraception, communication with their dating partners, communication
      about sexual matters with their sexual partners, and sexual anxiety were taken.
      Consistent with Byrne's (1983) model of effective contraception, it was found
      that general and sexual communication with one's partner were significant
      predictors of contraception use. Directional, but statistically weak, support was
      obtained for the predictions that knowledge about contraception and sexual
      anxiety would be related to contraception use. No support was found for the
      prediction that general self-esteem would be associated with contraceptive
      behavior.

PMID- 4051722
TI  - Hemodynamics of sequential orgasm.
AB  - Seventeen women masturbated to orgasm several times in succession while being
      measured intravaginally by a device that allows continuous oxygen and blood flow
      readings. Analysis of covariance showed significant differences between fantasy
      and orgasm and between orgasm and interorgasm relaxation periods. The data do not
      provide physiological evidence that successive orgasms are either physiologically
      or subjectively stronger but do provide physiological evidence of a plateau phase
      of sexual response in women.

PMID- 4051724
TI  - Hypnotic susceptibility, inhibitory control, and orgasmic consistency.
AB  - Willingness to relinquish control, as evidenced by hypnotic susceptibility,
      enjoyment of alcohol, and inability to control thoughts and movements near the
      end of coitus, was found in this study to be predictive of the consistency with
      which females reported experiencing orgasm during sexual intercourse.

PMID- 4051723
TI  - The effects of attentional focus and partner responsiveness on sexual responding:
      replication and extension.
AB  - The effects of manipulating attentional focus (self-versus partner-focus) and
      level of partner responsiveness (high, low, and ambiguous) on sexual responding
      were examined with sexually functional (N = 8) men. These manipulations were
      embedded in six standardized 3-minute erotic audiotapes. When the partner was
      displaying high sexual responsiveness, partner-focus resulted in significantly
      higher levels of penile responding than did self-focus. Post-stimuli
      questionnaires indicated that, although not statistically significant, self
      reported attentiveness was consistently higher under partner-focus conditions.
      These findings are discussed in regard to their relevance to the concept of
      spectatoring as discussed by Masters and Johnson (1970). A comparison to previous
      research that examined the same variables using videotapes is included.

PMID- 4051725
TI  - Breast cancer and pregnancy.
AB  - Previous studies have found a poor prognosis for breast cancer occurring during
      pregnancy due to the intense hormonal stimulation produced by the pregnancy. In
      our study of 176 patients, pregnancy did not seem directly to affect the
      prognosis of breast cancer. Rather, poor survival was related to the patients'
      youth (less than 40 years old) and to the large number of estrogen receptor
      negative tumors. Of the pregnant patients, 71% had estrogen receptor-negative
      tumors, implying hormonal insensitivity. Terminating the pregnancy on this basis
      does not seem warranted. Subsequent pregnancies in young patients did not seem to
      affect survival adversely. Future pregnancy in patients with stage I tumors can
      be considered after two years. Survival is so poor in patients with stage II or
      III tumors that subsequent pregnancies should be discouraged for socioethical
      reasons.

PMID- 4051726
TI  - Changing aspects of radiation enteropathy.
AB  - Fifty-two patients with radiation enteropathy secondary to radiation for
      abdominal or pelvic malignant neoplasms are described. This series (1977 to 1984)
      is compared with a series of 50 patients from the same institution over an
      earlier period (1961 to 1977). Intestinal obstruction was the principal
      complication in both series; 96% of the patients underwent either intestinal
      resection or anastomotic bypass of the affected segment. Changes that have
      occurred since the last report are as follows: changes in source of radiation
      energy (linear accelerator); less evidence of mucosal damage; increased serosal
      reaction ("serosal peel"); and increased use of elemental diets, parenteral
      nutrition, and long intestinal tubes in surgical management. Since postoperative
      radiation injury occurs most frequently in the pelvis, new developments for the
      exclusion of small bowel from the pelvis during radiation are reviewed. Changes
      in fractionation of radiation dosage should also be considered in patients with
      enteric symptoms during radiation therapy.

PMID- 4051727
TI  - The role of an intensive care unit in a community hospital. A ten-year review
      with observations on utilization past, present, and future.
AB  - A retrospective ten-year review of the surgical-intensive-care-unit utilization
      practices at Riverside Community Hospital revealed that, according to the
      author's criteria, an average of 32% of over 800 yearly admissions could have
      been safely managed in a less intensive and expensive environment. The admission
      practices, monitoring parameters, length of stay, and intensity of nursing
      interaction were evaluated and compared with those of published reports.
      Prospective payment by diagnosis-related groups will likely force a change in the
      existing use of surgical intensive care units. Surgeons are urged to examine the
      utilization of their hospitals' intensive care units and actively work with their
      hospital administration to establish intermediate care units so that patients
      will not be jeopardized by the impending fiscal constraints of diagnosis-related
      groups.

PMID- 4051728
TI  - Urokinase therapy for Silastic catheter-induced intravascular thrombi in infants
      and children.
AB  - Among the serious complications encountered with long-term, indwelling Silastic
      central venous catheters are catheter-induced intravascular thrombi. These
      thrombi are usually treated by removal of the catheter to prevent thrombus
      propagation, embolization, or infection. We treated ten patients with urokinase
      infusion who had experienced 12 incidents of induced intravascular thrombi.
      Catheter phlebography and two-dimensional echocardiography were used for
      diagnosis and follow-up. Eleven of the 12 episodes were treated successfully,
      with complete dissolution of the thrombus. One patient with a calcific thrombus
      had only partial clot lysis and required catheter removal. By utilizing urokinase
      infusion to treat Silastic catheter-induced intravascular thrombi, nine of ten
      central venous catheters were preserved and the possible need for thrombectomy
      was averted. No serious complications were encountered. In our experience,
      urokinase therapy has been an effective and safe method for treating Silastic
      catheter-induced intravascular thrombi.

PMID- 4051729
TI  - Percutaneous angiographic embolization for hepatic arterial hemorrhage.
AB  - Eight cases of hepatic arterial bleeding are reported. Bleeding in five instances
      was consequent to trauma and was either persistent postoperative (three cases) or
      delayed with hemobilia (two cases). Bleeding in the other three cases was from
      rupture of a subcapsular hematoma of the liver, with spontaneous hepatic rupture
      of pregnancy (two cases) and metastatic melanoma (one case). Angiography
      demonstrated pseudoaneurysm in six cases, a hepatic artery to portal venous
      fistula in one case, and a subcapsular hematoma in the final case. Percutaneous
      angiographic embolization controlled bleeding in seven cases and was not feasible
      in one case with tortuosity of the celiac axis. Complications included
      hepatobiliary necrosis in one patient and subphrenic abscess in two patients.
      Percutaneous angiographic embolization can selectively occlude a branch of the
      hepatic artery and is effective in the control of hepatic arterial bleeding from
      a variety of causes.

PMID- 4051730
TI  - Complications of pelvic exenteration.
AB  - This report is based on a retrospective review of 104 patients who had undergone
      pelvic exenteration for advanced malignancy over a 29-year period (1956 to 1984,
      inclusive). Fifty-one patients (49%) developed major complications of the
      operative field involving the gastrointestinal tract (fistula or obstruction),
      the urinary tract (fistula, infection, or obstruction), or the wound (abscess,
      dehiscence/necrosis, or hemorrhage). No association was identified between the
      complication rate and organ of primary disease, extent of disease, tumor
      histology, or extent of resection. Patients receiving pelvic radiotherapy prior
      to exenteration had a much higher complication rate (39/58, 67%) than patients
      having had no radiotherapy (12/46, 26%). Reconstruction of the irradiated pelvis
      after exenteration by omental flap, colonic advancement, and/or myocutaneous
      flaps decreased the complication rate from 82% (27/33) to 48% (12/25). The
      operative mortality of pelvic exenteration was 2.9% and the actuarial five-year
      survival rate was 27%.

PMID- 4051731
TI  - Mesenteric cysts and intra-abdominal cystic lymphangiomas.
AB  - Although mesenteric cysts and intra-abdominal cystic lymphangiomas are uncommon
      and clinically confusing lesions, histologic and ultrastructural evidence
      suggests that they are pathologically distinct. Differentiation of these lesions
      is important since lymphangiomas may follow a proliferative and invasive course.
      Of 28 cases documented at laparotomy, histologically eight patients (29%) had
      cystic lymphangiomas and 20 patients (71%) had mesenteric cysts. Lymphangioma was
      found to be exclusively a disease of childhood and young adulthood (mean age, 10
      years); mesenteric cyst was found in all age groups (mean age, 44 years), and two
      thirds of these patients were over 40 years old. Patients with lymphangiomas more
      frequently were male (75% vs 30%), symptomatic (88% vs 35%), and had ascites (50%
      vs 0%) and larger lesions (mean, 8.8 vs 4.7 cm) when compared with patients with
      mesenteric cysts. Complete excision was possible in all but four patients, with
      no operative deaths and a postoperative complication rate of 7%. After a mean
      follow-up period of four years, there were no recurrences among 16 patients who
      had undergone complete excision.

PMID- 4051732
TI  - Repair of subxiphoid incisional hernias with Marlex mesh after median sternotomy.
AB  - Median sternotomy is sometimes complicated by a bifid xiphoid process and an
      incisional (ventral) hernia in the subxiphoid region. Such hernias often recur
      after primary suture repair. We recently initiated the use of a polypropylene
      prosthetic mesh to primarily repair subxiphoid incisional hernias. This report
      details the results of using this material in 14 patients between January 1980
      and December 1983. We also discuss the complex anatomy of the xiphoid region.

PMID- 4051733
TI  - The femorofemoral graft. Hemodynamic improvement and patency rate.
AB  - We measured the hemodynamic improvement after femorofemoral grafting and
      determined the five-year cumulative patency rate in 54 consecutive high-risk
      patients with unilateral iliac artery occlusion who had femorofemoral grafts who
      were studied with ankle and brachial systolic pressure measurements before and
      after operation and at six-month intervals. There were two early deaths and seven
      early graft failures (less than 30 days) with four amputations (all operated on
      for rest pain). All of the remaining 45 patients' conditions improved clinically
      and objectively. The resting pressure index (mean +/- SD) in claudicants (n = 23)
      increased from 0.35 +/- 0.15 to 0.67 +/- 0.20; in patients with severe ischemia
      (n = 31) it increased from 0.25 +/- 0.15 to 0.50 +/- 0.20. During the follow-up
      period (six months to ten years), there were eight deaths and 12 late graft
      failures (greater than 30 days). The late cumulative patency rate was 60% at five
      years. Hemodynamic improvement parallels clinical success and for these high-risk
      patients, the femorofemoral bypass is a satisfactory alternative to a more major
      operation.

PMID- 4051734
TI  - Hypoxemia after gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity.
AB  - Fifty-six patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy for morbid obesity
      had arterial blood gas analysis before surgery and during the first five
      postoperative days. Preoperatively, seven subjects were hypoxemic and three were
      hypercapneic. Twenty-four hours after gastric bypass, 75% of the patients had an
      arterial oxygen pressure (Pao2) less than 60 mm Hg. Compared with preoperative
      measurements, blood gas values on the first postoperative day showed a 13.7-mm Hg
      decrease in the mean arterial Pao2 and a 5.0-mm Hg increase in the mean arterial
      carbon dioxide pressure. Arterial Pao2 determinations on the third, fourth, and
      fifth postoperative days returned toward, but remained significantly less than,
      paired values obtained before surgery. Patients with hypoxemia after
      gastrojejunostomy were significantly older and had significantly lower
      preoperative arterial Pao2 measurements than patients who were not hypoxemic
      after surgery. Weight, body mass index, and preoperative spirometric measurements
      did not distinguish between those patients who did and did not become hypoxemic
      postoperatively. We conclude that hypoxemia commonly follows gastric bypass for
      morbid obesity, and thus we recommend that all patients undergoing this procedure
      be treated with supplemental oxygen for at least the first three postoperative
      days.

PMID- 4051735
TI  - Acute portal hypertension associated with liver resection. Analysis of early
      postoperative death.
AB  - Changes in portal pressure before and after hepatic resection were monitored in
      65 patients. Significant increases in portal pressure, from 226 +/- 13 mm saline
      to 277 +/- 16 mm saline were noted in 17 cirrhotics undergoing major hepatic
      resection. In 14 noncirrhotics undergoing major resection of the liver, pressure
      in the portal vein changed significantly from 198 +/- 10 mm saline to 226 +/- 9
      mm saline. Conversely, there were no differences in the 26 cirrhotic and eight
      noncirrhotic individuals who underwent minor hepatic resection. Clinical analysis
      of these patients showed that acute portal hypertension induced by liver
      resection was not linked to increases in early postoperative death.

PMID- 4051736
TI  - Bile composition and bile acid pool size. Comparison after truncal, selective,
      and highly selective vagotomy.
AB  - We studied biliary lipid composition and bile acid pool size in 29 patients
      surgically treated for duodenal ulcer. Fourteen were examined both before and
      after surgery, the rest postsurgically only. They were divided into three groups
      according to type of vagotomy. With duodenal fluid obtained via nasogastric tube,
      we determined bile acid pool size, bile concentrations, and lithogenic index. We
      found no significant differences in bile composition and bile acid pool size
      among the three types of vagotomy, postsurgically. However, patients studied
      before surgery, compared with the entire post-vagotomy group, had a significant
      increase in relative cholesterol content and lithogenic index, most pronounced in
      the truncal vagotomy group. Bile acid pool size was also increased
      postsurgically. Vagotomy may predispose to gallstone development by increasing
      the bile's relative cholesterol concentration and thus the lithogenic index.
      However, the slightly expanded bile acid pool size may improve cholesterol
      solubility in certain patients.

PMID- 4051737
TI  - Cholecystectomy in patients with mild cirrhosis. A more favorable situation.
AB  - A conservative approach toward elective cholecystectomy in the patient with
      cirrhosis has been suggested because of the strong likelihood of excessive
      bleeding, sepsis, and multiple organ failure. We reviewed this problem in two
      medical centers, studying 27 patients with cirrhosis who had undergone
      nonemergency biliary tract surgery. Most patients had adequate liver function
      preoperatively. Most operations were cholecystectomies without duct exploration.
      Among factors analyzed were liver function tests, coagulation tests, and Child's
      classification. Prothrombin time was less than 2.5 s above control in 18
      patients, more than 2.5 s above control in four patients, and not recorded in
      five patients. All survived the operation with benign postoperative courses. Only
      one patient had excessive bleeding; this patient had an elevated prothrombin time
      preoperatively. We conclude that elective cholecystectomy can be performed safely
      in patients with cirrhosis who have relatively normal liver function.

PMID- 4051738
TI  - Prevention of major amputations in the diabetic patient.
AB  - Five of six major amputations of the lower extremity involve diabetic patients.
      It should be possible to reduce the number of major amputations by substituting
      reconstructive for destructive surgery, by radical local surgical debridement, by
      achieving healing of chronic foot lesions, by the early diagnosis of spread of
      infections from foot to leg, by limiting minor amputations, by improving the
      blood supply, and by providing a continuum of care by experienced personnel who
      supervise the foot status of the patient on an ongoing basis. In my experience,
      the application of these principles over the past seven years has precluded major
      amputation in the treatment of 48 diabetic patients with serious lower extremity
      lesions.

PMID- 4051739
TI  - Torsion of the gallbladder.

PMID- 4051740
TI  - [Exocrine pancreas secretion in swine after feeding soybean extract meal].
AB  - Exogenous N-secretion of the pancreas was investigated with growing pigs with
      fistulae in the pancreas. For this purpose the two protein sources toasted and
      untoasted soybean oilmeal were used. After the feeding of untoasted soybean
      oilmeal a significant increase of the secretion volume and of protein outpour
      could be observed in contrast to toasted soybean oilmeal within 24 h. The heat
      labile soybean trypsin inhibitor also caused an activity increase of the
      pancreatic enzymes.

PMID- 4051741
TI  - Protein supplement resistant against ruminal degradation as a factor improving
      utilization of urea in ruminant feeding.
AB  - The metabolic and productive effects of the blood meal and formaldehyde (FA)
      treated casein supplements (5-10% of crude protein content) given with urea
      concentrates in sheep and fattening bulls were investigated. The blood meal has a
      similar composition of essential amino acids (EAA) to casein. The mean solubility
      of the FA treated casein and the blood meal after 6 hours of incubation in the
      sterilized rumen contents amounted 10.5% and 8.5% respectively. The average rumen
      ammonia concentration and plasma urea level was the highest in bulls fed urea
      ration without protected protein supplement. The supplementation of this ration
      with blood meal diminished the large daily fluctuation of plasma AA level and
      increased plasma EAA/NEAA ratio. The blood meal supplement improved the nitrogen
      retention in sheep (14%) and body gains in bulls (9%) but did not influence
      digestible coefficients and rumen protein synthesis in sheep.

PMID- 4051742
TI  - [Energy requirement for the maintenance and utilization of energy convertible to
      protein and fat deposits in piglets].
AB  - In respiration experiments with 16 piglets the effect of feeding level on energy
      metabolism was studied with the aim of estimating energy requirement and costs of
      protein and fat deposition. Four groups of 4 animals each were fed on different
      levels of digestible protein and metabolisable energy (ME). Group 1 was fed
      intensively, whereas the piglets of group 2, 3 and 4 received 92, 76 and 55%
      respectively of the amounts given to group 1. In the group 1-4 mean daily weight
      gain was 457, 437, 360 and 205 g respectively. As a consequence the rearing
      period increased from 44 days to 46, 56 and 98 days. The variation in feed intake
      affected not only significant differences in energy deposition but also changes
      in gain composition. In the groups 1-4 the average energy deposition was 4.2 MJ,
      4.0 MJ, 3.0 MJ and 1.4 MJ per day and protein gain exceeded fat gain in all
      groups. Estimations of energy requirement for maintenance were carried out by
      means of multiple regression analysis using different models. As a result a value
      of 428 MJ ME per kg live weight 0.75 was obtained and the models used have hardly
      shown any influence. It seems that higher values for maintenance requirement, as
      formerly published, are due to different conditions of livestock management, such
      as temperature. For all groups the average efficiency of ME-utilisation for
      growth was 0.77, ranging from 0.73 to 0.82. The variation can be attributed to
      the changes in protein and fat formation. The groups with a higher proportion of
      protein in the accretion utilised metabolisable energy more efficiently than the
      intensively fed group 1 with the highest proportion of fat, the difference
      between the groups being in the range from 0.73 to 0.82. The efficiency of ME
      utilisation for protein deposition was calculated to be 0.83 and for fat
      deposition 0.73. As a higher coefficient for fat formation may be expected in the
      light of the high fat content in the ration, calculations with an assumed
      coefficient from 0.75 and 0.80 had been carried out, showing that the efficiency
      of ME-utilisation for protein gain would only decrease to 0.79 and 0.73
      respectively. According to these results the statement must be called in
      question, that the energetic efficiency of protein deposition of about 50 to 55% 
      as measured in numerous experiments mainly with older pigs - can generally be
      accepted.

PMID- 4051743
TI  - The removal of glucose, maltose and different starches from the small intestines
      of steers.
AB  - Four Friesian steers (103-150 kg) each equipped with simple abomasal and re
      entrant ileal cannulas were used. Different amounts of glucose, maltose or one of
      several isolated starches or ground cereal grains, ranging from 80-400 g/8 h,
      together with polyethylene glycol were infused into the abomasums and absorption
      up to the ileum examined. The efficiency of removal of glucose remained high at
      all levels of infusion (greater than 80%) and at the highest level, 26.4 g
      glucose/kg body weight 0.75/d were calculated to be removed in the small
      intestines. At low levels of infusions, maltose was removed almost as efficiently
      as glucose, but the capacity of the small intestines to remove maltose was
      exceeded with infusions above 15 g/kg body weight 0.75/d. Soluble and isolated
      wheat starch were removed to similar extents and almost identically to maltose.
      Isolated maize starch, whilst being removed in the small intestines almost as
      rapidly as maltose at the lowest level of infusion, was less efficiently removed
      at higher levels. Rice and potato starches were poorly removed in the small
      intestines. Intestinal capacities for the removal of related wheat, soluble
      starch, maize, rice and potato starches were 102, 99, 80, 77 and 55% that of
      equivalent amounts of maltose. Starch in ground cereal grains (maize and wheat)
      were removed in the small intestines slightly less efficiently (75-90%) than the
      corresponding isolated starches.

PMID- 4051744
TI  - Feeding poultry litter to grazing Boran Zebu bulls and Ogaden sheep in Ethiopia.
AB  - The objective of these studies were to investigate the digestibility of poultry
      litter of layers and to add poultry litter to grazing Boran Zebu bulls and Ogaden
      sheep in East Ethiopia. Two feeding experiments (132 and 102 days) with Boran
      Zebu bulls (10 and 16 bulls per trial) and one feeding experiment with female
      Ogaden sheep (30 ewes) were carried out. All animals were grazing all day long.
      During the night the animals of all trials were divided into two groups each. The
      animals of one group of each experiment obtained poultry litter ad libitum
      without any other feedstuffs. Apart from feeding trials digestion experiments
      were carried out in order to determine the digestibility of poultry litter in 4
      Ogaden sheep. The apparent digestibility of organic matter and crude protein of
      poultry litter amounted to 69.8 and 82.8%, the net energy content was indicated
      with 474 EFUc per kg of dry matter. The daily weight gain of Boran Zebu bulls fed
      on poultry litter was by 40 and 91 g (6.5 and 13.6% in exp. 1 and 2) higher than
      that of control groups. Especially during the dry season (Feb./March 1982) bulls
      supplemented with poultry litter were highly superior in daily weight gain (84
      and 310 g per day more in exp. 1 and 2) to unsupplemented groups. The daily
      weight gain of Ogaden sheep fed on poultry litter in a short-term experiment (56
      days) under improved grazing conditions (April-June 1982) was by 13 g per day
      higher than that of control animals (weight gain: 18 and 31 g per animal and
      day).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4051745
TI  - [Scintigraphic changes in the bones and joints of the upper extremities in tunnel
      workers--drill operators with vibration disease].

PMID- 4051746
TI  - [Simultaneous use of hemodialysis and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning
      by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors].

PMID- 4051747
TI  - Bone mineral content in the forearm of healthy adults.

PMID- 4051748
TI  - [Benign asbestos pleural effusion].

PMID- 4051749
TI  - What is toxicology? A discussion of scientific developments in relation to
      practical needs.

PMID- 4051750
TI  - Distribution patterns of lead in the aortic wall determined by lamma.
AB  - Responsible for the controversial view on the role of lead in the development of
      atherosclerotic lesions seems to be the lack of suitable methods to determine
      relatively low concentrations of lead inhomogeneously associated to various
      tissue components. The recent development of the laser microprobe mass analysis
      (LAMMA) now provides a unique method to precisely determine specific distribution
      patterns of lead concentrations within substructures of the vascular wall. In
      contrast to the integrating analysis of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)
      LAMMA allows a morphologically controlled analysis of the lead content in
      microsamples (greater than or equal to 1 micron3) with a detection limit of 10(
      19) g. Evaluations of specimens of the aortic wall of human autopsy material
      prepared for LAMMA revealed in the case of a male subject aged 80 years an
      invariable lead content limited to the adventitia and to the elastic fibers of
      the media. However, in a female subject aged 35 years a decreasing gradient of
      lead content was found from the intima to the adventitia including cell nuclei
      and elastic fibers of the media.

PMID- 4051751
TI  - Morphological changes in the coronary circulation following experimental
      myocardial ischemia in swine.
AB  - The diagonal branches of the left anterior descending coronary artery in ten pigs
      were ligated for 5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Pieces of occluded vessels were
      fixed with 2.5% buffered glutaraldehyde and processed for scanning and
      transmission electron microscopy. After 5 to 30 minutes of occlusion, endoplasmic
      reticulum and mitochondria begin to swell, vacuoles appear, and the number of
      pinocytic vesicles in endothelial cells decrease. After 60 minutes, endothelial
      cells contained numerous vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria were
      markedly swollen, leukocytes and fragments detached from smooth muscle cells had
      infiltrated the subendothelial space, and endothelial cells were partially
      disrupted. Following 120 minutes of occlusion, internal elastic lamina had split,
      leukocytes had migrated into tunica media and smooth muscle cells had obviously
      penetrated into the subendothelial space, but no endothelial denudation or
      associated platelet accumulation was seen. These observations indicate that
      leukocyte infiltration and intrusion of partially disrupted endothelial cells
      precede, and may promote proliferation of medial smooth muscle cells into the
      tunica intima during myocardial ischemia. The events are reported for large
      conduit arterial branches of a main coronary artery.

PMID- 4051752
TI  - Capsaicin lowers plasma cholesterol and triglycerides of lagomorphs.
AB  - The present study determines the effect on plasma total cholesterol,
      triglycerides, and HDL-C values when capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide)
      is administered at the dose of 8mg/animal/day to young female rabbits maintained
      on a 0.5% cholesterol diet over a five week experimental period. Our data
      indicate that mammals of the order Lagomorpha fed cholesterol rich diets and
      supplemented with capsaicin show decreased plasma total cholesterol,
      triglycerides, and total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio as compared to cholesterol
      level of controls. The mechanism of this effect is probably due to decreased
      intestinal absorption of the lipids.

PMID- 4051753
TI  - The influence of antiplatelet drugs on injury-stimulated migration of cultured
      smooth muscle cells.
AB  - Smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration, one of the early events in arteriosclerotic
      lesion formation in vivo, can be triggered by balloon catheter injury. This
      accelerated migration persists when aortic explants are grown in tissue culture.
      Under low serum conditions (0.1% fetal bovine serum) virtually no smooth muscle
      cell migration occurs out of explants from sham operated control animals, while
      over 70% of explants from balloon injured rats show SMC migration. Since
      platelets are thought to contribute to SMC proliferation and migration, we tested
      the effect of different antiplatelet drugs (sulfinpyrazone, aspirin,
      dipyridamole, and a combination of the last two) on balloon injury stimulated SMC
      migration. One week after onset of drug treatment balloon catheterization was
      performed and SMC migration from aortic explants was assessed 4 days later in
      vitro. The time and number of explants showing SMC migration was recorded daily
      over 8 days. Sulfinpyrazone reduced stimulated SMC migration most effectively,
      followed by the combination of aspirin and dipyridamole, while aspirin or
      dipyridamole alone had no significant effect on stimulated SMC migration. Using
      this technique we were able to single out SMC migration and analyze the effect of
      antiplatelet drugs on this early step in arteriosclerotic lesion formation.

PMID- 4051754
TI  - Peripheral circulation in hypertensive patients: findings by digital pulse
      plethysmography.
AB  - Sixty one non diabetic, asymptomatic patients with untreated primary hypertension
      and 122 age and sex matched non diabetic controls have been investigated in the
      peripheral circulation of the lower limbs by digital pulse plethysmography. The
      inclination time of the ascending ramp has been chosen as index of arterial wall
      elasticity. Inclination time was prolonged in the hypertensive group as compared
      to the control one (123 +/- 29 vs 107 +/- 13 msec; p less than .001). In
      addition, by using a cut-off point of 120 msec (X +/- 1SD of controls) 23/61
      hypertensives and 26/122 controls presented an inclination time above this value
      (p less than .05 by chi square test). Since no other difference was observed in
      the main cardiovascular risk factors, we conclude that high blood pressure may
      produce early structural lesions of the vessel wall.

PMID- 4051755
TI  - Action of diltiazem on canine mesenteric artery smooth muscle.
AB  - We studied the effects of the Ca++ antagonist diltiazem on the contractile
      response of isolated first order branches of canine superior mesenteric artery.
      Maximum contraction induced by 60mM KCl was significantly reduced by 10(-9)M
      diltiazem and the ED50 concentration of KCl was increased by approximately 30% by
      the antagonist. Increasing concentrations of diltiazem produced dose-dependent
      reductions in the maximum contraction and increased the ED50 to KCl indicating
      mixed competitive and noncompetitive inhibition. Norepinephrine-induced
      contractions reached a maximum with 10(-5)M of the amine. This response was not
      altered by 10(-9)M diltiazem; however, the ED50 concentration of norepinephrine
      was nearly doubled when this concentration of antagonist was used, suggestive of
      competitive inhibition. Higher concentrations of diltiazem altered both the
      maximum response and the ED50 of norepinephrine, i.e., the mixed inhibition
      pattern. However, diltiazem did not alter the response to norepinephrine in Ca++
      free medium. These data demonstrate that diltiazem causes relaxation of
      mesenteric arterial smooth muscle by suppressing Ca++ flux at cell membrane sites
      but is not influencing intracellular mechanisms of Ca++ release.

PMID- 4051756
TI  - Reversible increase of the apo CII/apo CIII-1 ratio in the very low density
      lipoproteins after procetofen treatment in hypertriglyceridemic patients.
AB  - Procetofen, a new hypolipidemic drug with a powerful cholesterol and triglyceride
      lowering activity, was administered to hypertriglyceridemic patients, in an
      effort to determine the major lipoprotein and apoprotein changes, thus providing
      an insight of the drug's mechanism of action. The twenty-six selected patients
      (13 type IIB and 13 type IV) were given 100 mg tid of the compound for 9 weeks.
      Procetofen lowered triglycerides in plasma (-50%) and in all lipoprotein classes
      (-30-50%) in both patient groups; an 18% reduction of low density lipoprotein
      cholesterol levels also occurred in type IIB patients. High density lipoprotein
      cholesterol generally increased significantly, with a maximum of 11% in type IV
      patients. Plasma apolipoproteins showed a pattern of changes, characteristic of
      each hyperlipoproteinemia phenotype, reversible after the end of drug treatment.
      Apoprotein B decreased 16% in type IIB patients, but was not modified in type IV.
      Conversely, apoprotein CII increased significantly in the very low density
      lipoproteins of both groups of treated subjects, with a reduction of CIII-1.
      These findings support the hypothesis that procetofen may act primarily as a
      stimulator of the catabolism of triglyceride rich lipoproteins. On the other
      hand, the significant reduction of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol
      levels in type IIB, also indicates that other mechanisms, possibly related to
      changes in the direct liver secretion of apoprotein B or to remnant removal, may
      be operative with this new drug.

PMID- 4051757
TI  - An examination of the arterial media in transplanted arteries of spontaneously
      hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY).
AB  - The hypothesis that arterial medial hypertrophy occurs in the SHR due to genetic
      factors inherent to the arterial wall, was examined in jejunal arteries cross
      transplanted between four-week-old SHR and WKY rats as a shunt between the
      femoral artery and vein. Four weeks after transplant, the arteries were removed
      and processed for embedding in resin and measurement of wall parameters by light
      microscopy. It was determined that irrespective of the origin of the transplanted
      artery, the wall thickness of transplants was higher in SHR hosts than in WKY
      hosts. Taken with results from other studies, this suggests that genetic factors
      inherent to the arterial wall are not the cause of arterial hypertrophy in the
      SHR.

PMID- 4051758
TI  - [Small granule-containing cells of the central nervous system of the bivalve
      mollusk Patinopectin yessoensis (Jay)].
AB  - In the CNS of the Patinopecten yessoensis (Jay) two types of cells have been
      revealed. The I type cells are typical unipolar neurons with a developed granular
      endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi compex, with a nucleus containing small amount of
      chromatin. They possess elementary peptidergic granules. The II type cells have
      in their cytoplasm and processes a large amount of electron-opague granules,
      specific for adrenergic systems. The nucleus is rich in clustered chromatin, the
      granular endoplasmic reticulum is poorly developed, cytosomes are absent.
      According to their ultrastructural organization the latter correspond to small
      granular cells of the mammalian autonomic nervous system.

PMID- 4051759
TI  - [Structure and homodynamia of the intersegmental connection TI-TII].
AB  - The reason to consider the second thoracic cerebrospinal nerve (Th2) as one of
      the sources of the brachial plexus is the fact of the intersegmentary connection
      between Th1 and Th2 by means of a neural branch situating on the internal surface
      of the thorax near the vertebral column (the intrathoracic or paravertebral
      branch). However, not all cases of the intersegmentary connection Th1-Th2 should
      be regarded only as participation of Th2 in the formation of the brachial plexus,
      this is conditioned by certain peculiarities of its structure and by the
      character of interconnections with the I intercostal nerve. The macro-microscopic
      method demonstrates that the intersegmentary connection Th1-Th2 includes somatic
      and vegetative components, that to the same extent participate both in formation
      of the brachial plexus and in the I intercostal nerve. The intersegmentary
      connection Th1-Th2 is considered as a vegetative neural structure, containing
      somatic conductors and is considered as a homologue of superficial connective
      branches. It is the way, by which sympathetic fibers can reach the brachial
      plexus from the segment situating below, without passing through the superior
      thoracic nodes of the sympathetic trunk.

PMID- 4051760
TI  - [Length of the spinal dural sac, sex differences and correlation with the length
      of the spinal cord and vertebral column in adults].
AB  - In 94 corpses (59 male and 35 female) of mature persons the length of the spinal
      dura mater sac has been studied. The average length of the sac is 621 +/- 3 mm.
      In men its average length is 636 +/- 4 mm, it makes 40 mm more in length than
      that in women (596 +/- 4 mm). The length of various parts in the dura mater sac
      is not the same: the cervical part makes 23% of the whole length, the thoracic-
      47%, the lumbar--23%, the sacral--7%. In men the cervical part of the sac in
      average is 6 mm longer than the lumbar part, and in women--quite the reverse, it
      is 7 mm shorter than the lumbar part. The sacral part of the sac in women is 3 mm
      longer that that in men. The sex differences noted are statistically significant.
      It is stated that the length of the spinal cord, its dura mater and the vertebral
      column are related as 1:1.5:1.7, the length of their cervical parts--as
      1:1.5:1.4. the thoracic--as 1:1.3:1.3, the lumbar--as 1:2.4:3, the sacrococcygeal
      -as 1:1.4:4.9, respectively. During ontogenesis the greatest increase in the dura
      mater sac takes place in the cervical part as compared to the spinal cord and the
      vertebral column; in the thoracic part the intensity of their growth is equal: in
      the lumbar and in the sacrococcygeal part the increase of the vertebral column is
      the greatest.

PMID- 4051761
TI  - [Dissymmetry of the origins of the roots of the spinal cord in the dog].
AB  - The spinal cord in 25 non-inbred dogs has been studied macro-microscopically. The
      dissymmetry in the arrangement level in the right and left root bases on the
      dorsal surface of the spinal cord is much greater than on the ventral surface.
      The same as in the human being, the dissymmetry is the greatest in the thoracic
      part (as compared to other spinal parts). On the ventral surface of the spinal
      cord both along the anterior and posterior margin of the root bases, there is a
      right-sided dissymmetry (with cranial shift); on the dorsal surface it is present
      only at the roots along the posterior margin. The dissymmetry of the dog spinal
      cord is quantitatively estimated along its whole extension.

PMID- 4051762
TI  - [Intrinsic nerves of the pectoralis major and minor in man].
AB  - In the human intraorganic nerves of the thoracic muscles amyelin fibers make 62%
      and myelin ones--38%. In transversal sections ultrastructure of the myelin and
      amyelin fibers varying in their diameters has been studied. In the myelin and
      amyelin fibers the amount of various organells is not equal: in the amyelin
      fibers the arrangement density of microtubules is greater than that of
      neurofilaments, there is a reverse dependence between the amount of the
      microtubules and the neurofilaments on the one hand, and the fibrilar diameter,
      on the other hand. In the myelin fibers with the increasing diameter, the amount
      of the neurofilaments increases, while that of the microtubules decreases.

PMID- 4051763
TI  - [Age and changes in the adrenergic nerve supply of the lungs and various clinical
      aspects of the problem].
AB  - By means of classical neurohistological techniques and methods for revealing
      cholinergic and adrenergic neural plexuses, the development of pulmonary
      innervation has been studied in embryos and fetuses of the human being and
      rabbit. The mediatory stage in development of the pulmonary innervation begins on
      the 3d month of the human intrauterine development. The next important stages are
      the middle of the prenatal development and the 7th month of pregnancy, when an
      essential complication of the lung innervation takes place. By birth the neural
      apparatus of the human and rabbit lung is mainly formed, nevertheless, in 15% of
      newborns its underdevelopment occurs. This may be a predisposing factor for
      development of certain pathological processes, in particular, pneumosclerosis,
      and is demonstration of defective formation of the pulmonary parenchyma in some
      newborns. The principle on coincidence of the beginning of the mediatory stage in
      the development of the neural plexuses and the beginning of the fetal stage are
      supposed by the analysis of the pulmonary innervation development in the rabbit.

PMID- 4051764
TI  - [Effect of light and darkness on the size of pinealocyte nuclei in the cat].
AB  - For two days with an interval for one hour, karyometric investigation of
      pinealocytes has been performed in 46 cats (control group), in 24 cats kept in
      light and in 26 cats kept in darkness. Disturbances in natural light regimen
      produce certain pinocytic reaction manifested as distortion of the control
      rhythm.

PMID- 4051765
TI  - [State of the endothelium of the aorta during chronic stress].
AB  - In 50 white male rats (18-control and 32-experimental) using morphometrical and
      stereological methods for film preparations of endothelium, the state of the
      internal aortal lining at various stages of chronic stress developing during
      muscular activity has been studied. The data obtained are statistically treated
      by the sliding averages method, reliability of the differences is estimated
      according to the value of nonparametrical criterion of Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney. For
      objective periodization of the endothelial reaction to stress, centered moving
      averages curves are performed with subsequent calculation of the coefficient of
      variation for the aligned ordinates of the approximated values in every temporal
      point. The aortal endothelium reaction to the stress is of phasic character.
      During the alarm reaction, destructive changes predominate; they are accompanied
      with an increased mitotic activity of endotheliocytes up to 2.2%. The resistance
      stage increases compensatory-adaptive rearrangements, which are manifested not
      only as cellular hyperplasia, but as hyperthrophy of nuclei, increasing number of
      strangulated nuclei, nucleoli, as well as binuclear and trinucler cells. To the
      exhaustion period the increase of alternative and restorative transformations of
      the tissue corresponds.

PMID- 4051766
TI  - [Individual variability in the structure of the walls of the principal trunks of
      the subcutaneous veins of the lower extremities of the human fetus].
AB  - Certain regional peculiarities are noted in the development process of the human
      principle trunks of the subcutaneous veins during antenatal period. In the
      fetuses of all ages the wall thickness of the subcutaneous veins is the greatest
      in the femur, and the middle tunic is better developed in the shin. The vein
      structure depends on the type of architectonics: at the magistral type (86%) the
      walls in the large and minor subcutaneous veins are thick with well developed
      smooth myocytes and connective tissue fibers; at the reticulate type (14%) the
      walls are thin, their elements are poorly developed. When there is mentioned
      varicosity of the lower extremity veins in the parents' anamnesis, in fetuses
      (57%) all the tunics in the venous wall develop more poorly, there is retardation
      in formation of smooth myocytes and in maturation of collagen fibers. This
      results in less amount of contractile structures in the middle tunic and optic
      density of collagen is less manifected.

PMID- 4051767
TI  - [Effect of lead and tetraethyl lead poisoning on the microcirculatory bed of the
      conjunctiva of the eye].
AB  - The ultrastructure of the bulbar conjunctiva bioptates have been studied in 12
      persons suffering from lead intoxication (saturnism), 2-from tetraethyl-lead
      (TEL) intoxication and 3-are practically healthy persons; they make the control
      group. In all the patients manifested disturbances in the microcirculatory bed of
      the bulbar conjunctiva are revealed, the general character being identical at
      saturnism and TEL-intoxication. The main changes are observed in the wall of the
      blood microvessels: destruction of the endothelial lining up to revealing the
      basal membrane with adhesion of the blood formed elements and their diapedesis.
      This results in disorders of vascular permeability, in edema of the perivascular
      space and in appearance of cells and cellular detritus in it. An essential role
      in morphogenesis of the vascular disturbances produced by intoxication play
      certain rheological imparements: sludge-syndrome and microthrombosis. They
      produce certain distrophic changes.

PMID- 4051768
TI  - [Capillarization of the myocardium of the yak].
AB  - Organometric and histometric characteristics of various parts of the heart have
      been performed in the yak, a permanent inhabitant at altitudes of 3,000-5,000 m
      above the sea level. Forty hearts of mature animals have been studied.
      Morphometric investigations of capillaries in the muscle fibers have been carried
      out in the atrial walls, in the right and left auriculae. in the ventricles and
      in the papillary muscles. The data are presented for each cardiac part: they
      describe diameters, density and volume of the capillary network and muscle
      fibers. In order to estimate the degree of capillarization of the cardiac muscle
      tissue, a new parameter is suggested to be used, when analyzing the morphometric
      data. It characterizes ratio of capillaries volume. According to the criterion
      given, a significant difference is stated between the degree of capillarization
      in the myocardium of the right and left ventricles. We suppose that this
      adequately reflects an increased loading experienced by the right cardiac parts
      under a long-lasting effect of altitude factors.

PMID- 4051769
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the intercalary disks in cardiac muscle tissue of permanent
      and temporary residents at high altitudes].
AB  - In animals temporary adapted to the Alpine conditions, the intermembranous space
      of the intercalated disc is dilated 3-5 and more times, while in permanent
      inhabitants of the Alpine regions similar dilatation is not observed. Probably,
      in the latters numerous intercalated discs increase adhesive force of
      cardiomyocytes, extent of zones with low electrical resistance and increase
      contraction of myofibrills, thus promoting transmission of excitation from cell
      to cell.

PMID- 4051770
TI  - [Changes in the amount of mineral components in bone tissue during treatment of
      transcondylar fractures of the humerus].
AB  - In 12 non-inbred 4-month-old puppies a closed brachial transcondylar fracture has
      been performed. By means of photonic absorbtiometry contents of mineral
      components have been estimated in the regenerate forming between the osseous
      broken pieces, in the osseous fragments and in the adjoining segment, depending
      on duration of the joint fixation during the treatment. Mineralization takes
      place more quickly in a mobile joint. Fixation for 5-7 days does not essentially
      affect the miniralization rate. Fixation for 14 days decreases intensity of the
      mineralization, produces deminiralization in the osseous pieces and in the
      adjoining segment of the bone, results in incompleteness of the brachial condyle
      rearrangement.

PMID- 4051771
TI  - [Changes in the mucosa of the duodenum and stomach as a result of experimental
      duodenal ulcers and vagotomy].
AB  - By means of the transmissive and scanning electron microscopy methods and
      radioautography, structure of mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum has
      been studied under experimentally induced duodenal ulcers before and after
      vagotomy during various time. The vagotomy results in accelerated healing of the
      ulcer defect. This is connected with an increased proliferative activity in the
      crypta cells, however, this is accompanied with deceleration of their
      differentiation. Under the duodenal ulcers the amount of chief and parietal cells
      increases in the gastric mucous membrane, this depends on gastrostasis produced
      by stenosis of the pylorus. At vagotomy the amount of the chief and parietal
      cells in the fundal glands of the mucous membrane decreases; this is accompanied
      with a lowered secretory activity.

PMID- 4051772
TI  - [Method of injecting the vessels of organs of the human fetus with hydrocolloid
      matter for complex studies].

PMID- 4051774
TI  - [Theoretical aspects teaching histology].

PMID- 4051773
TI  - [Mechanical injector for angiography].

PMID- 4051775
TI  - [Nerve elements of the heart of the rat after right-sided vagotomy].
AB  - A quantitative electron microscopical investigation of the sinus node of the
      atrioventricular His' bundle and of the perinodal working myocardium in intact
      rats and 7, 15 and 30 days after right-sided vagotomy has revealed variable
      character of changes in the neural elements of the zones mentioned. Certain
      ultrastructural rearrangements in the neural apparatus are described; they
      reflect a combination of destructive and regenerative processes in the heart
      under vagotomy. Thirty days after the operation, regeneration of the neural
      elements in the sinoauricular area is of restorative and in the atrioventricular
      area--of excess character. The data are presented on dynamics of changes in the
      diameter of the amyelinated neural fibers in the cardiac areas investigated.
      Participation of both nervi vagi in innervation of the main and additional
      pacemakers of the organ is discussed.

PMID- 4051776
TI  - [Condition of the microcirculatory bed of the bulbar conjunctiva in physiological
      and pathological pregnancies].
AB  - By means of biomicroscopic method the bulbar conjunctiva in 150 women (18-35
      years of age) have been examined. Of them: 30 healthy women make the control
      group; the second group includes 60 healthy women at their first and second half
      of pregnancy; the third group includes 60 women with pregnancy developing against
      the background of noncomplicated insulin-dependent diabetus mellitus during their
      first and second half of pregnancy. In the healthy women there are not any
      significant changes in most of the parameters of the microcirculatory bed during
      the first half of their pregnancy, and in the second half of their pregnancy a
      great density of the blood vascular bed is determined. Diameters of all vessels
      in the hemomicrocirculatory bed are significantly increased, as compared to those
      in the control group. In the women suffering from diabetus mellitus, during the
      first half of pregnancy certain changes in the picture of the vascular network is
      observed, as well as an increased convolution. uneveness in distribution of blood
      vessels; in the second half of their pregnancy a pronounced deformity of the
      vacular network is observed, decreasing diameter of afferent vessels and an
      essential dilatation of postcapillaries and venules are registered. Certain signs
      of aggregation of blood formed elements is noted.

PMID- 4051777
TI  - [Morphofunctional features of the microcirculatory bed of the skin in students
      from different climatogeographic zones].
AB  - By means of the vital microscopy method length, diameter, stipulated area of the
      longitudinal section have been studied in the nail torus capillaries of students
      from different regions of the world depending on the climatogeographic zones. The
      value of the structural parameters in the skin capillaries, which characterize
      their heat exchange surface, directly, depends on temperature factors of the
      environment. There is an increase of the heat exchange surface in the capillaris
      of the person-inhabitants beginning from the moderate towards the subtropical,
      tropical and subequatorial zone. The exception make the students from the
      equatorial zone: the structure parameters of their capillaries are less than in
      the persons from the subequatorial and even from the tropical zones. This is
      connected with the fact that the equatorial zone is characterized with some
      extermal amount of heat and moisture.

PMID- 4051778
TI  - [Ultrastructure of cells of the lateral field of the hypothalamus of the cat
      after exposure to electromagnetic radiation].
AB  - Under the effect of electromagnetic radiation not any specific changes are
      revealed in the neural system unequivocally characterizing disturbances in its
      structure as a result of an excess absorption of electromagnetic energy. The
      ultrastructural changes revealed in the lateral fields of the cat hypothalamus
      are suitable for a well known scheme demonstrating the course of the pathological
      process, where three phases are distinguished: reactive, destructive and
      restorative. The pathological process develops gradually. The reactive changes in
      neurons and synapses, observed immediately after withdrawal of the
      electromagnetic action. increase during the following three months and result in
      coarse destructive disorders and in death of some neurons and synapses. In 6
      months certain signs of restoration of the structures are observed. Under the
      effect of electromagnetic radiation water redistribution between the structures
      takes place, the sympathetic terminals loosing their fluid. Thus, certain
      conditions are produced for sticking together the synaptic vesicles. Possibly
      that deficiency of Ca++ ions contributes to it.

PMID- 4051779
TI  - [Normal nomogram of the pulmonary artery].
AB  - With the aim to establish quantitative characteristics of the pulmonary artery in
      order to use them in planning operations on congenital heart diseases, the data
      of morphometric investigations on the pulmonary artery has been studied in 83
      hearts of newborns, children and mature persons died from causes not connected
      with any cardiovascular disorders. The regression equations are calculated; they
      reflect certain dependence between the quantitative characteristics of the
      pulmonary artery and the area of the body surface.

PMID- 4051780
TI  - [Anatomy and topography of the spleen in children].
AB  - Fifty-two isolated spleens and 17 corpses of newborns and children up to 3 years
      of age have been studied. Preparation, visirographic and morphometric methods
      have been used. During the newborn and suckling age periods the spleen is
      projected in three regions: in the epigastrum, in the left subcostal and in the
      left lateral areas of the abdomen, and during early infancy--only in the left
      subcostal and in the left lateral area of the abdomen. The anterior end of the
      spleen beginning from the newborn period up to the early infancy comes down 1-2
      vertebrae. The angle formed by the longitudinal axis of the spleen and the
      horizontal plane running across its anterior end increases. The spleen changes
      its form from the transitional one in newborn towards a long one in early
      infancy. During early infancy the spleen mass increases 4.6 times as compared to
      the newborn period, its length--1.8 and its width and thickness--1.7 times.

PMID- 4051781
TI  - [Mesenteric lymph nodes in the rat after exposure to hydrocortisone].
AB  - The construction and cell composition of the cortex and medulla have been
      morphometrically studied after 1-, 3-, 5-, 7- and 14-aliquot injection of medical
      doses of hydrocortisone (0.25 mg per 100 g of body mass). The body mass of the
      animals decreases, as does the size of the mesenteric lymph nodes. The lymphocyto
      and immunocytopoietic functions intensify in the medullary cords with a
      simultaneous inhibition of these processes in the cortical plateau and in the
      lymphoid noduli. On the 5th and 7th days there is some increase in the section
      area of the cortex, while that of the medulla decreases. The part of small
      lymphocytes in these structures grows large. Therefore, it is possible to suppose
      a definite tendency towards restoration of the structural components within two
      weeks.

PMID- 4051782
TI  - [Spatial organization of proliferative processes in the parathyroid glands upon
      acute stimulation of parathyroid function].
AB  - A quantitative analysis on homogeneity degree in distribution of proliferating
      parathyrocytes in the parathyroid glands under conditions of an acute stimulation
      of their function, produced by bilateral nephrectomy (12 rats, 50-70 h after the
      operation) and by hemiparathyroidectomy (12 rats, 2-3 days after the operation)
      have been performed. Six intact animals serve as the control. In order to reveal
      proliferating cells, 1 h before sacrifice 3H-thymidine (1 mc Ci/g) is injected
      intraperitoneally, and to some animals--colchicine (1 mg/kg) is injected 6 h
      before the sacrifice. By means of successive investigation of the glands serial
      sections along their whole area the amount of the microscope field of vision,
      having various content of proliferating cells are calculated; using the criterion
      chi 2, the correspondence of the empiric distributions obtained to the Poisson
      distribution are estimated. In the hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands the
      proliferating cells form foci of clusters and rarifaction. A similar clustering
      appears when a definite level of mitotic activity of the parathyrocytes is
      reached (1-1.2%), probably reflecting certain regional peculiarities of their
      functional state.

PMID- 4051783
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the kidney of the newt].
AB  - In the newt [Triturus vulgaris (J.)] kidney a zone of single nephrons is
      distinguished, where there are ten nephrons, connected with the paramesonephral
      (Muller's) canal, and another zone of the renal mass; in the latter the main part
      of nephrons is situated, which are connected with the ureter by means of
      collecting tubules. In these zones of the kidney ultrastructure of epitheliocytes
      in the proximal and distal parts is different. The renal corpuscles of the
      epithelial cell in the cervical and in the intermediate parts are similar in both
      zones. In the zone of the single nephrons a specific peculiarity of
      epitheliocytes in the proximal and in the distal parts of the canaliculi is
      presence of numerous secretory granules in their cytoplasm. The canalicular
      epitheliocytes in the renal mass zone are different in the terminal and in the
      initial parts of the canaliculi: the former contains more mitochondria, and the
      area of the basolateral parts of plasmolemma is greater than those in the latter.
      These results are in accordance with the level of sodium ions transport in these
      parts of the canaliculus.

PMID- 4051784
TI  - [Kinetics of cellular populations at different stages of the histogenesis of
      tissues of the chorio-allantois of the chick embryo].
AB  - Changes occurring in indices of cell fractions being at the phase of mitosis (Nm)
      and at the phase of DNA synthesis (NS) have been studied in the chorio-allantoic
      tissues and in epithelii of the duodenum and cloaca. Their dynamics differ
      essentially. In the chorio-allantois, decrease in the Nm up to the 14th day is
      evidently connected with the transfer of the cells into R2-state, and then
      decrease of the proliferative pool takes place. This is caused by outcome of the
      cells from the reproductive cycle into differentiation.

PMID- 4051785
TI  - [Space-time characteristics of DNA synthesis in mesothelial cells of the rat
      after surgery at different times of the day].
AB  - Differences in the DNA synthesis dynamics (according to the label index-LI) and
      those of mitotic activity (MA) in the mesothelium of the rat parietal peritoneum
      have been studied after burn performed at 9 AM, or at 9 PM. A number of
      peculiarities in the regeneration character are dependent on the day time of the
      operation. Immediately after the PM operation inhibition of both DNA synthesis
      and MA is manifected more distinctly and lasts longer, but then activation of the
      processes occurs more intensively the LI and MA values are greater than after the
      AM operation. Drop in the LI and MA takes place also with a greater rate after
      the PM operation, but their absolute values are kept higher up to the 7th day.
      Despite the fact that the reaction after the AM operation is comparatively weak,
      it is more rhythmical: against the background of general dynamics the
      fluctuations are more distinctly manifested, their period is nearly similar to
      the circadian. Increase in the proliferative activity is accompanied with a
      widening of the zone, where the dividing cells are situated. After the PM
      operation the wavy character of the process is expressed only in the pattern of
      the spatial organization of the regenerating mesothelium: nearly at regular
      intervals the area of the MA distribution becomes widen or narrow in turn. Thus,
      the LI and MA dynamics in the regenerating mesothelium depend on the circadian
      phase of the organism's state at the moment of the operation.

PMID- 4051786
TI  - [Transplantation of embryonal anlagen of the human neocortex into the brain of
      the rat].
AB  - A possibility for transplanting anlages of human embryonal neocortex into mature
      rat brain has been studied. Light- and electron-microscopic investigations
      demonstrate that the embryonal tissue of the human neocortex implants into the
      cerebral grey and white substance of mature rats. In the grafts cellular elements
      proliferate and differentiate, neuropil is formed. These results open certain
      perspectives for modelling investigations on histogenesis of neural tissues and
      on studying possibilities for clinical use of grafts of the human embryonal
      brain.

PMID- 4051787
TI  - [Ascending and descending efferent pathways of the midbrain reticular formation
      of the cat (radioautographic study)].
AB  - By means of the anterograde axoplasmic transport technique for a mixture of
      labelled aminoacids (3H-leucine and 3H-proline), ascending and descending systems
      of the reticular formation fibers in the cat mesencephalon have been studied.
      Projections from the mesencephalon reticular formation (MRF) ascend to the
      subthalamus, lateral, dorsal and periventricular hypothalamus, to the
      periventricular nuclei of the midline and to the intralaminar nuclei of the
      thalamus. The descending pathways project to the grey substance surrounding the
      aqueduct of cerebrum, locus coeruleus, parabrachial region and reticular
      formation of the pons and medulla oblongata. The projections to the reticular
      nucleus of the thalamus, ventral nucleus of the external geniculate body and
      superior colliculi arise from the dorsal half of the MRF, and projections to the
      striatum, lateral reticular nucleus of the medulla oblongata--from its ventral
      half. Most of the structures are reciprocally connected with the MRF.

PMID- 4051788
TI  - [Gomori-positive elements of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal neurosecretory system of
      the rat (immunohistochemical study)].
AB  - Vasopressiergic and oxytocinergic cells and fibers in the hypothalamo-hypophysial
      neurosecretory system have been identified by means of immuno-histochemical
      reactions. Vasopressin-producing cells localize mainly in the ventral part of the
      supraoptic nucleus (SON) and in the dorsolateral part of the paraventricular
      nucleus (PVN). Oxytocin-producing cells predominantly concentrate in the dorsal
      part of the SON and in the ventromedial part of the PVN. In the central part of
      the posterior pituitary lobe vasopressin-containing fibers are mainly situated,
      and in the peripheral parts--both oxytocin- and vasopressin-containing fibers are
      revealed. Owing to separate localization of vasopressin- and oxytocin-producing
      cells in the SON and especially in the PVN, in preparations stained with
      paraldehyde-fuchsin after Gomori-Gabe it is possible to analyse these cells
      separately.

PMID- 4051789
TI  - [Anatomic features of the base of hearts with a solitary ventricle].
AB  - Twenty-eight preparations of hearts having three chambers with two atria have
      been investigated. The age of the deceased was from several hours up to 21 years.
      Absence of the interventricular septum results in a complex rearrangement of the
      vessels in the basis cordis. Only in three cases the aorta and the pulmonary
      trunk situated typically, in others there was a complete transposition. Since the
      only ventricle, as a rule, is accompanied with a presence of a small chamber-
      "emissary", the topography of the vessels is mainly determined by the latter. The
      "emissary" is situated either along the right or left contour of the base of the
      common ventricle, its dimensions are variable. When the "emissary" is situated
      along the anterior-right contour of the basis cordis, as a rule, the aorta takes
      origin from the latter, its bulb is situated ventrally, initial parts of the
      venous arteries are visible. The cuspides of the aortal valve sag into the
      "emissary" lumen. When the aorta is situated normally, it can get off the cavity
      of the common ventricle, or the "emissary". The state of the children is
      determined first of all by the character of the pulmonary circulation. If there
      is no stenosis in the pulmonary trunk and it takes its origin from the common
      ventricle, or from the "emissary" of a great size, the prognosis is more
      favourable. Cases of early death among the children are connected with small size
      of the "emissary" chamber and a small diameter of the pulmonary trunk.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4051790
TI  - [Problems in the early differentiation of mammalian gonads (embryonic
      histogenesis and mechanisms of regulation)].
AB  - The results obtained for the last decades on the problem of early differentiation
      of mammalian gonads are elucidated. The data on the role of different tissue
      sources in origin of somatic elements in sex gonads are critically estimated. New
      data on participation of meiosis-regulating substances (that are produced by the
      mesonephros and its derivatives) in processes initiating and inhibiting meiosis
      are presented. The matters on the character of interrelations between the
      histostructural organization of embryonic gonads and their steroidsynthetic
      activity are considered. The modern notions on histogenesis of hormonally active
      stromal elements of the gonads are reported. The role of the data discussed for
      further investigation of pathogenesis of development of sex anomalies, of
      disorders in human reproductive function is regarded, as well as that for
      revealing histogenesis of gonadal tumours.

PMID- 4051791
TI  - [Morphofunctional characteristics of the venous bed of the myocardium in response
      to acute hypoxia].
AB  - Anatomical redistribution of blood outflow between the superficial and deep
      pathways is motivated, changes in microvessels under a circular hypoxia are
      presented. General peculiarities in structure of the sources for both pathways
      are ascertained, as well as specific differences stipulated by the physiological
      role of the cardiac venous sinusis.

PMID- 4051792
TI  - [Morphologic changes in the microcirculatory bed at stages of prolonged
      experimental fasting in animals].
AB  - In 40 white male rats with body mass 180-200 g, by means of silver nitrate
      impregnation, morphological changes have been studied in the blood
      microcirculatory bed of the small intestine mesentery, spinal trapezoid muscle
      and eye ball conjunctiva at various stages of a prolonged fasting. With an
      increasing time of the experiment, a gradual undirected character of the changes
      in the microvessels is noted. After 3 days of fasting the changes in diameters of
      the microvessels, comparing to the control ones, have not any significant values
      in all the organs studied. After 6 days of fasting significant changes in
      diameters in all the links of the microcirculatory bed of the eye ball
      conjunctiva and in that of the spinal trapezoid muscle are observed. The
      microvascular changes are mostly pronounced on the 9th day of fasting. The
      maximal decrease of the microvessel diameters is noted in the eye ball
      conjunctiva, and the minimal--in the small intestine mesentery. The changes in
      the spinal trapezoid muscle are of intermediate character. The highest points of
      the structural lability gradient fall on the capillary and postcapillary-venular
      links of the blood microcirculatory bed.

PMID- 4051793
TI  - [Segmented lymph nodes in man].
AB  - Segmentary lumbar, posterior pancreato-duodenal and inferior tracheobronchial
      lymph nodes have been investigated macro- and microscopically. The segmentary
      lymph nodes reach 12 X 45 X 45 mm, 10 X 25 X 100 mm in size. Most often these
      nodes are found among the posterior pancreato-duodenal lymph nodes (92%). They
      represent a conglomerate of smaller lymph nodes growing together and having their
      own capsule, parenchyma, sinuses, afferent and deferent lymph vessels and are
      united into one large node.

PMID- 4051794
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the construction and cellular composition of
      popliteal lymph nodes in adolescence and adulthood].
AB  - Topography, size and form of the popliteal lymph nodes have been described in
      adolescents and mature persons. Differences in areas occupied by the connective
      tissue framework, cortex and medulla and adipose tissue are presented. In the age
      groups mentioned, cell composition of the nodes is investigated and its
      quantitative characteristics are given.

PMID- 4051795
TI  - [Characteristics of the ultrastructure of the epithelium of the esophageal mucosa
      of essentially healthy subjects].
AB  - Ultrastructure of epithelial surface of the esophageal mucous membrane has been
      studied in nine practically healthy persons at the age of 32-46 years. The
      material has been obtained at prophylactic esophagoscopy. The surface of the
      epithelial layer cells is covered with microfolds 100-200 nm wide and 200-600 nm
      tall forming labyrinth-like patterns. According to the ultrastructural character
      of the apical surface of the cells, it is possible to judge about their
      functional state. The characteristics of the ultrastructure of the fracture
      surface of the epithelial layer is presented. The data obtained can serve as a
      base for estimation and differential diagnosis of pathological processes in the
      organ.

PMID- 4051796
TI  - [Changes in the adrenal medulla of the rat during immobilization stress].
AB  - A combined histofluorescent, light optic and electron microscopic investigation
      has been performed to study the medulla of the adrenals in intact rats (August
      strain) and immediately after immobilization for 30 h and 24 h after. In the
      intact animals heteromorphism of the medulla is demonstrated; this depends on the
      fact that adrenocytes are at different stages of the secretory cycle.
      Immobilization for 30 h results in synchronization of secretion; this is
      determined by adaptation of the adrenal system to immobilization. One day after
      immobilization restoration of heteromorphism in chromaffinocytes is demonstrated.
      The changes described are compensatory-adaptive reactions of the adrenal medulla
      to the stress in the animals survived.

PMID- 4051797
TI  - [Fibrofatty changes in the muscles in arterial occlusions of the extremities].
AB  - Widespread muscle alterations in the form of partial or full muscle fiber
      replacement by the fibrofatty tissue within the borders of the fascial sheath
      with the retention of the volume and topography of the muscles are observed in
      the obliterating atherosclerosis of the lower limbs arteries. These alterations
      are connected with a slowly progressing degenerative process due to chronic
      ischemia. The limb with a fibrofatty replacement (FFR) of the muscles is more
      resistant to the gangrene resulting from acute occlusion of the main arteries.
      The FFR should be correctly interpreted and considered when acute arterial
      occlusion of the lower limbs is diagnosed.

PMID- 4051798
TI  - [Changes in the ultrastructure of the myocardium after fibrillation and in the
      process of autolysis].
AB  - Ultrastructure of the myocardium in the experiment was studied just after the
      heart ventricular fibrillation and 3 h after the animal death; the results were
      compared to those obtained by studying ultrastructure of human myocardium in
      patients dying from myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular
      fibrillation. The similarity of ultrastructural and autolytic changes was
      revealed in both series of observation. Overcontraction of myofibrils and
      redistribution of the mitochondria in cardiomyocytes, increase of the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum vesiculation, oedema of sarcoplasm, structural alterations
      of intercalative discs, later appearance of the symptoms of the irreversibility
      of lesions in the mitochondria and early penetration of colloidal lanthanum
      particles in rigor cells may serve ultrastructural diagnostic symptom of
      ventricular fibrillation. A better preservation of Purkinje's cells as compared
      to the contractile cardiomyocytes is also demonstrated.

PMID- 4051799
TI  - [Pathomorphologic characteristics and classification of bronchitis in miners
      working on watered faces in coal mines].
AB  - The material obtained from the lungs of 83 miners who worked in coal faces for 2
      27 years, has been studied. On the basis of pathomorphological data acute and
      chronic bronchitis were subdivided into three forms each. Acute bronchitis:
      catarrhal-desquamative, productive-infiltrative, destructive-necrotic; chronic
      ones: productive-destructive, hypertrophic, atrophic. Each form of acute and
      chronic bronchitis has its own morphological varieties. The signs of professional
      bronchitis are not characteristic of acute bronchitis; coal just decreases the
      resistance of the bronchial mucous membrane. Chronic bronchitis is characterized
      by a number of distinctive morphological features: hyalinosis of the basal
      membrane, restructuring of the vascular network of the bronchial tree, and rarely
      squamous-cell metaplasia of the bronchial epithelium.

PMID- 4051800
TI  - [Morphological changes in the brain of fetuses and newborn infants with diabetic
      fetopathy].
AB  - Brains of 13 newborns and 7 foetuses dying intranatally from mothers suffering
      from diabetes mellitus were examined. Morphological changes found permit making
      the conclusion about an unfavourable influence of diabetes mellitus on the
      developing foetus. Developmental disturbances in the central nervous system, such
      as slow down of the migration and differentiation of cells and degenerative
      changes in nervous and glial cells were observed. The cortex and brain stem were
      equally damaged. Certain morphological alterations in the hippocamp and vessels
      allow one to presume a relatively specific action of the mother diabetes mellitus
      on the foetal brain as similar changes are observed in adults with diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 4051801
TI  - [Polyfunctional endometrial adenocarcinoma producing melatonin, noradrenaline and
      chorionic gonadotropin].
AB  - Highly differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma is described in which the cells
      of the APUD-system (apudocytes) producing melatonin, noradrenaline and chorionic
      gonadotropin are detected histochemically and immunohistochemically. The
      disturbance of lipid metabolism in the patient is attributed to the
      hyperproduction of noradrenaline and melatonin exerting a mobilizing effect on
      lipid metabolism.

PMID- 4051802
TI  - [Fibroma of the small intestine with heterotopia of the pyloric glands in the
      mucous membrane covering the tumor].
AB  - Small bowel tumour, 5 X 3 X X 3 cm in size, in a woman of 52 provoked intestinal
      invagination. Small bowel was resected with the tumour which was diagnosed
      histologically as a soft fibroma. Focal areas of the pyloric glands with single
      argyrophil endocrine cells as well as "stomach metaplasia" of the epithelium of
      one crypt were detected in the intestinal mucous membrane covering tumour. In the
      author's opinion, this heterotopia is related to the developmental malformation.

PMID- 4051804
TI  - [Pathological anatomy of post-infarction mitral valve insufficiency].
AB  - Failure of the bicuspid valve is one of the most frequent (20-25%) and grave
      complications of myocardial infarction. The causes of mitral failure occurring at
      different times following myocardial infarction are established. It is shown that
      the severity of coronary arteries lesions in postinfarction mitral failure is
      chiefly due to the occlusion of the two or three coronary arteries and to the
      segmental stenosis of more than 75% of the lumen of the main heart arteries.
      Postinfarction mitral failure caused by dysfunction of the papillary muscles may
      be provoked by acute infarction of the papillary muscles, rupture of the
      papillary muscle body, large-focal papillary muscle cardiosclerosis, by dilation
      of the left ventricular cavity and fibrous ring resulting in disturbance of space
      interrelationships between the tendinous filaments and valves.

PMID- 4051803
TI  - [Structural and biochemical characteristics of the effectiveness of
      intraoperative protection of the myocardium].
AB  - Results of morphological and biochemical examination of 153 myocardium biopsies
      from 42 patients with the intraoperational heart ischemia that developed during
      the correction of cardiac valves disturbances under the condition of artificial
      circulation and cardioplegia with the blood based solution are given.
      Phosphocreatin ("neoton" produced by Schiapparelli Company, Italy) was added as a
      cardioprotector to the cardioplegic solution in 24 patients. The high efficiency
      of the drugs for the cardiomyocytes sarcolemma is shown by means of colloidal
      lanthanum. A full retention of the macroergic phosphates is also shown
      biochemically when the standard solution was modified for the heart protection.

PMID- 4051805
TI  - [Morphology of psoriatic arthritis].
AB  - Twenty-four biopsies of the synovial membrane, 8 biopsies of the cartilage and 8
      samples of the synovial liquid from the knee joint were studied histologically,
      histochemically and by the immunofluorescent method. Proliferation, degeneration
      and desquamation of the synovial layer, localization of the inflammatory process
      in the superficial subsynovial layer, polynuclears in the inflammatory exudate,
      annular vascular sclerosis in the deep parts of the synovial villi are distinct
      features of psoriatic synovitis. The evidence for the involvement of humoral and
      cell immunity factors in the pathogenesis of the disease are obtained by means of
      immunological and immunofluorescent methods. On the basis of clinicomorphological
      data psoriatic arthritis is regarded as an independent nosological variety of the
      joint disease.

PMID- 4051806
TI  - [Cholesterosis of the gallbladder].
AB  - Altogether 238 gall bladders from the necropsy cases and 260 those removed
      surgically were examined morphologically. Various forms of cholesterosis were
      found in 5 cases from the first group and in 12 cases from the second. The gall
      bladder mucous membrane was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Low
      incidence of this disease is noted in the Central Asia. The mucous membrane
      surface in health and cholesterosis is described. The conclusion is drawn about
      the link of the cholesterosis incidence with the traditional nutrition in this
      area.

PMID- 4051807
TI  - [Interepithelial lymphocytes in the pathogenesis and morphogenesis of atrophic
      gastritis (electron-microscopic study)].
AB  - Electron microscopic studies of fundal gastrobiopsies from patients with atrophic
      gastritis have been performed. Fat degeneration in all epitheliocytes and release
      of myelin-like figures (residual bodies) in the interepithelial space of the
      mucosa were observed. Permanent contact of the residual bodies possessing both
      antigenic properties and specific structural signs of biological membranes with
      lymphocytes in the intracellular space of the epithelial layer and phagocytosis
      of myelin figures by lymphocytes were detected. Peculiarities of plasma cells in
      the interepithelial position are described. The results suggest a hypothesis on
      the autoimmune nature of the patho- and morphogenesis of chronic atrophic
      gastritis.

PMID- 4051808
TI  - [Cancer of the anal canal].
AB  - Seventy-four carcinomas of the anal canal (4,9% of the total number of rectum
      carcinoma for 1952-1982) were studied, including 45 squamous-cell, 23 adenogenic
      and 6 undifferentiated carcinomas. Adenogenic carcinomas originated from the
      rectum mucous membrane over the serrated line; as distinct from carcinomas of
      other parts of the rectum the mucus-forming and poorly differentiated tumours
      were predominant among them. Squamous-cell carcinomas originated from the
      squamous epithelium of the lower part of the anal canal, from the transitional
      area and from the rectum mucous membrane over the serrated line. They were
      characterized by peculiarity of their histological structure: they included 11
      basaloid carcinomas, 6 carcinomas resembling transitional-cell carcinoma of the
      urinary bladder, 12 carcinomas resembling carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The
      problems of the terminology, histogenesis, clinical course of the anal canal
      carcinoma are discussed.

PMID- 4051809
TI  - [Activation of processes of perception and visual memory in teaching pathological
      anatomy].
AB  - The comparative study of different methods of student work with macroscopical
      preparations and different variants of slides presentation is performed. The
      volume of the demonstrative material reproduction was checked one week after the
      presentation. It was required to list in a control card a full name of macro- and
      microscopical preparations presented. The results of assimilation of the
      macroscopical preparations in collective stand demonstration and in work with the
      preparations in small groups or individually were evaluated. The highest level of
      remembering is established when every student works individually in a special
      room having the possibility to use textbooks and gets a preliminary notice on the
      reproduction of the information obtained (evaluation, control of the knowledge).
      The efficiency of remembering depends on both quantity and quality of the
      material, the presence of logical and associative links, the imagery of words in
      the accompanying text.

PMID- 4051810
TI  - [Morphological characteristics of the stroma of thyroid cancer].
AB  - The stroma of the papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma was studied
      histochemically, morphometrically and electron microscopically. The functionally
      active vascular bed was found to have a greater length in the papillary carcinoma
      as compared to the follicular one. Likewise the cell infiltration and the number
      of fibroblasts with a high dehydrogenase activity were more pronounced in the
      papillary carcinoma. It is believed that these properties of the stroma are
      connected with the function of parenchymatous carcinoma cells.

PMID- 4051811
TI  - [Changes in uveal melanoblastomas during therapeutic photocoagulation].
AB  - Investigation of 121 uveal melanomas revealed three stages of postcoagulation
      changes: destruction connected with the immediate coagulating effect of the
      radiation (from 1 to 14 days after coagulation); inflammation and destruction
      changes displaying the antitumour immune response and accompanied by the
      increased functional activity of the survived melanoma cells (from 2 weeks till 2
      4 months); fibrotization of the most damaged parts of melanoma tissue and
      structural and functional reorganization of some melanoma cells with the signs of
      their greater atypia. Melanomas of different cell type composition react to
      coagulation differently, this is manifested by the intensity, duration and
      reversibility of functional changes of tumour cells and also by the probability
      of their greater atypia.

PMID- 4051812
TI  - [Histoenzymological characteristics of the myocardium in sudden cardiac death].
AB  - Histochemical study of enzymatic activity in the myocardium was performed in
      sudden cardiac death. Human hearts in which there were no macroscopic and
      histological focal or diffuse changes served as material. The following enzymes
      were studied in the anterior or posterior walls of the left ventricle or in the
      interventricular septum: succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),
      beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (OHBDH), alpha-glycerophosphate- and glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD-diaphorase and phosphorylase. Increased activity of
      OHBDH and LDH was found: 36,0 and 22,6% higher than in trauma and brain
      hemorrhage that served as control. These alterations seem to be connected with
      the increase of blood content of fatty acids, and lactate as a response to the
      catecholamine excess. Foci of an acute ischemia were found in the
      interventricular septum in 80% of cases in which phosphorylase was revealed. The
      appearance of the ischemic foci was obviously due to the coronary arteries
      contraction.

PMID- 4051813
TI  - [Myocardial morphology in endotoxic shock].
AB  - The myocardium of rabbits with endotoxin shock produced by two intravenous
      injections (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) of the typhoid fever bacillus antigen was studied
      histologically, histochemically, histoenzymatically and by polarization
      microscopy. Animals were killed by decapitation 0,5-1,5, 5-10, 24-30, 48-80, 120
      194 hours after the 2nd injection; animals dying in the course of experiment were
      also examined. Morphological substrate of heart insufficiency, morphofunctional
      heterogeneity of cardiomyocytes of both inner and external myocardial layers were
      revealed. Hypoxia of a complex origin is the main cause of the above alterations.

PMID- 4051814
TI  - [Pathology of the blood microcirculation in congenital heart defects with a right
      to-left shunt].
AB  - The alterations of the microcirculatory bed of the greater omentum in 17 children
      dying within the first year of life from congenital heart disease with the blood
      effluent from the right to the left are described. Pathological and compensatory
      changes are revealed in the microvessels and their functional significance is
      shown. The dependence of hemorheological disturbances in the microcirculatory bed
      (blood cell aggregation, local blood stasis, intravascular coagulation) upon the
      degree of heart decompensation followed by the slowing down of the circulation
      and increasing of the congestion in the venous system is pointed out.

PMID- 4051815
TI  - [Erythrocyte morphology in anemia after artificial circulation (based on scanning
      electron microscopic data)].
AB  - Erythrocyte stereo-ultrastructure of 58 patients operated under the conditions of
      extracorporeal circulation was studied by scanning electron microscopy. It is
      established that after the operation with extracorporeal circulation the
      hemoglobin level is always decreasing, 3 mg% on the average; hemoglobin decrease
      up to 10 mg% and less was considered as anemia, this occurring according to the
      approximate calculations, in 10-11% of cases. The causes of anemia in an early
      postoperative period are as follows: mechanical trauma of erythrocytes in the
      system of extracorporeal circulation; disturbance of the osmotic balance;
      alteration of the erythrocyte membrane plasticity due to the change of its enzyme
      lipid component. Anemia in the late postoperative period is due to the purulent
      inflammatory processes. Morphological substrate of anemia is represented by the
      iron-deficient, target-like, two-pit erythrocytes, spherocytes, lacerated
      erythrocytes and other forms.

PMID- 4051816
TI  - [Development of multicentric invasive cancer of the esophagus against a
      background of epithelial dysplasia and preinvasive cancer].
AB  - Two observations of squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus developing in the
      presence of multiple confluent areas of dysplasia (degree II and III) and
      multiple foci of preinvasive carcinoma are described. The authors claim that
      their observations confirm the concept of a tumourous field on the basis of which
      dysplastic changes and neoplastic growth develop.

PMID- 4051817
TI  - A survey on hypersensitivity reactions in hemodialysis.
AB  - This survey was conducted from 1982 through 1984 by a cooperative effort among
      the Health Industries Manufacturers Association, seven dialyzer manufacturers,
      and the Food and Drug Administration. This article presents an analysis of the
      1982-83 survey data and a summary of the 1984 data. Most of the reactions
      reported (99%) were associated with hollow-fiber dialyzers. About 50% of these
      reactions were experienced by patients using a dialyzer model for the first time,
      and greater than 98% of the reactions were related to new (unused) dialyzers. On
      average, there were 180 reactions reported per year, with greater than 90% being
      considered severe, including death, by the reporting center. A plot of the number
      of reactions versus time from 1982 through 1984 shows periods of 12-15 months in
      which the reaction rate remained practically constant. During these periods, the
      rate of reported reactions alternated from 60 to 150% of the average. Analysis of
      the survey data showed a strong correlation of the number of reactions with the
      race and age of the patients. Blacks and other minorities experience nearly three
      times as many reactions as white patients. Also, patients under 29 years of age
      seem to have nearly twice as many reactions as patients in the 30- to 49-year-old
      range, whereas patients over 50 years old have nearly half the number of
      reactions of the 30- to 49-year-old range. The average reactivity of the U.S.
      hemodialysis patient population was calculated to be 3.3 reactions per year per
      1,000 patients exposed to hollow-fiber dialyzers and 0.3 reaction per year per
      1,000 patients exposed to flat-plate dialyzers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4051818
TI  - Temporary vascular access in British hemodialysis units.
AB  - A questionnaire, designed to determine the current habits of British
      nephrologists regarding temporary vascular access for hemodialysis, was sent to
      62 renal units. Forty-six (74%) completed questionnaires were returned.
      Cannulation of the subclavian vein with a single-lumen catheter is the most
      popular technique. There is only limited use of double- or dual-lumen catheters
      in the United Kingdom. Previously unreported fatal complications of subclavian
      hemodialysis catheters are described.

PMID- 4051819
TI  - Theoretical formulation of sieving coefficient evaluation for membrane plasma
      separation.
AB  - Three different sieving coefficient definitions were theoretically investigated.
      It has been shown that the local sieving coefficient, characterizing membrane
      property, can be calculated under specified assumptions from input-output
      measurements. In contrast, the evaluation of the device sieving coefficient,
      useful in kinetic modeling, is validated in a situation in which calculation of
      the local sieving coefficient is connected with substantial error. The
      relationship between different sieving coefficient definitions is also given.

PMID- 4051820
TI  - Effect of age on calcification of poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) in animals.
AB  - The effect of age on the calcification of biomaterials was studied by the
      subcutaneous implantation of poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogel in rats.
      The hydrogel sheets were implanted in rats 6, 12, 24, and 52 weeks (1 year) of
      age. The retrieved implants were compared and the percentage weight increase by
      mineralization was determined quantitatively. Significant differences in the rate
      and amount of calcification were observed between the growing (6 weeks old) and
      the adult (greater than or equal to 12 weeks of age) rats. The onset of
      calcification in the adult rats was significantly delayed. The immature rats had
      deposits three to four times as heavy as the mature rats.

PMID- 4051821
TI  - Anatomicomechanical study for the hydraulic line of a thermal left ventricular
      assist system.
AB  - A thermal left ventricular assist system currently under development consists of
      two separate major components, i.e., a pump/actuator module and an engine/thermal
      battery module. The possible implantation site of the engine/battery module is
      tentatively determined to be the iliac fossa, which requires a flexible
      interconnecting line to the pump/actuator module. A quantitative and
      biomechanical study was done on the effect of the implanted hydraulic line on the
      bendability of the torso. It revealed that the semirigid interconnecting line
      would not severely restrict the movement of the patient provided it has the
      proper prebend configuration. The cadaver fitting study proved the anatomical
      feasibility of the retroperitoneal iliac fossa as the implant site of the Thermal
      Ventricular Assist System 8 (TVAS 8) engine/battery module. The location and
      configuration of the interconnecting line of the TVAS 8 were determined using
      biomechanical analysis so that the restriction of the body movement due to the
      line could be minimized. The main route of the line was the left side of the
      trunk, and the line is W shaped in configuration. The line elongation is the most
      critical resistive factor and accordingly there may still be rigidity during
      lateral flexion.

PMID- 4051822
TI  - Metal wear in Lillehei-Kaster heart valve prostheses.
AB  - Ten Lillehei-Kaster heart valve prostheses, in situ for up to 10 years and
      recovered at surgery or necropsy, were examined by light and scanning electron
      microscopy. All showed metal wear on the luminal aspect of their struts. The
      volume of wear related to the duration a prosthesis had been in situ. The worn
      metal showed distinct, transverse surface corrugations, which became more obvious
      with time. Aortic prostheses wore more and faster than mitral ones. One strut
      usually showed more wear than the other, a change likely due to specific
      manufacturing methods. It is believed that the pattern of wear is caused by a
      velocity-controlled stick-slip abrasive wear process, resulting from an
      interaction between the edge of the moving pyrolytic carbon disc, the struts'
      titanium surface, and the protein coat covering that surface. None of the
      patients had prosthesis dysfunction attributable to metal wear. Disc escape seems
      unlikely considering the degree of wear observed after 10 years. Furthermore, the
      surface corrugations did not appear to cause disc sticking or other problems.
      However, clinicians might consider monitoring patients who have borne these
      prostheses for greater than 10 years.

PMID- 4051823
TI  - Use of the anaerobic threshold for evaluating various total artificial heart
      control algorithms in calves.
AB  - In the total artificial heart (TAH) project, choosing the best control mode is an
      important factor in the design of a completely implantable TAH. Four different
      control modes for the TAH were evaluated in the same calf using the anaerobic
      threshold (AT) as an assessment of aerobic capacity, where AT was defined as the
      oxygen consumption (VO2) at which the relationship between blood lactate
      measurements and VO2 became nonlinear during progressive treadmill exercise. This
      new approach tests the integrated response of the central, peripheral, and
      metabolic regulatory mechanisms to physiological workloads. Preliminary data
      showed AT in the left master alternatively ejecting mode to be slightly higher
      than in the other three modes.

PMID- 4051825
TI  - Early recurrent embolism in rheumatic heart disease.

PMID- 4051824
TI  - Plasticizer migration from blood lines in hemodialysis.

PMID- 4051826
TI  - Anticoagulation and bleeding into embolic infarcts.

PMID- 4051827
TI  - The course of multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 4051828
TI  - Pure alexia without hemianopia.

PMID- 4051829
TI  - Somatosensory evoked potentials in thoracic outlet syndrome.

PMID- 4051830
TI  - Toxicity of metrizamide.

PMID- 4051831
TI  - Use of cyclosporine in neurological autoimmune disease?

PMID- 4051832
TI  - Persistent vegetative state. Review and report of electrodiagnostic studies in
      eight cases.
AB  - Of 81 comatose patients studied for two years, eight entered the persistent
      vegetative state (PVS), of whom four died and four survived. Clinically, all
      eight showed characteristic findings of wakefulness without cognitive function.
      Electrodiagnostic studies were characterized by (1) electroencephalograms that
      showed a range of patterns that were unchanged from the comatose through the
      vegetative state, (2) normal brainstem auditory evoked responses, (3) median
      somatosensory evoked responses that showed prolonged central conduction time, and
      (4) diminishing amplitude of the N20 response. These features may serve for
      identifying and monitoring patients in the PVS with a view to accurately
      predicting outcome.

PMID- 4051833
TI  - Guillain-Barre syndrome. Clinicoepidemiologic features and effect of influenza
      vaccine.
AB  - A study of the epidemiologic and clinical features of Guillain-Barre syndrome in
      the population of Olmsted County, Minnesota, over the 46-year period 1935 through
      1980 was conducted through the centralized diagnostic index maintained at Mayo
      Clinic, Rochester, Minn. A total of 48 cases were identified, giving an age- and
      sex-adjusted incidence of 1.8 per 100,000 person-years. The rate increased over
      time from 1.2 in the interval 1935 through 1956 to 2.4 in the interval 1970
      through 1980. Males were affected more than females (age-adjusted rates of 2.3
      and 1.2, respectively). The rate increased with age from 0.8 in those under 18
      years old to 3.2 for those 60 years and older. Antecedent infectious diseases
      were reported in 65% of the cases. Implications with regard to the incidence of
      Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with the A/New Jersey/76 (swine flu) vaccine
      are discussed.

PMID- 4051834
TI  - Primary malignant nervous system neoplasms. Birth cohort effect in the elderly.
AB  - Current data indicate that mortality for primary malignant nervous system
      neoplasms (NSNs) provides a fairly accurate index of incidence. Average annual
      age- and sex-specific death rates among whites for primary malignant NSNs in the
      48 contiguous United States from 1940 through 1975 showed a marked cohort effect
      among the elderly of either sex. For white men aged 60 through 64 years,
      mortality increased steadily from 5.3 per 100,000 per year for those born in 1880
      to 16.1 per 100,000 per year for the 1910 cohort. No definite cohort effect was
      seen in the young. The increase in mortality could be due to better diagnosis and
      more complete case ascertainment for deaths due to primary malignant NSNs, but
      further studies are required to distinguish a real from an artifactual increase
      in mortality.

PMID- 4051835
TI  - Neurochemical changes in white matter. Aged human brain and Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - We report a reduction in isolatable myelin in white matter from regional areas of
      aged human brain. This decrease was most prominent in association subcortex of
      Alzheimer's material. We also found structural changes in myelin lipids. These
      changes involved an increase in unsaturated acyl chains and suggest an age
      related instability of subcortical white matter. This specific chemical change in
      myelin glycosphingolipids has been found in all regional areas of normal aged and
      Alzheimer's brain material. This remains an age-related molecular change that
      seems unrelated to the pathophysiology of senile dementia of the Alzheimer's
      type.

PMID- 4051836
TI  - Cardiac side effects of phenytoin and carbamazepine. A dose-related phenomenon?
AB  - Three patients with dystrophia myotonica and echocardiographic signs of
      subclinical cardiopathy had cardiac side effects during oral treatment with
      phenytoin sodium or carbamazepine. These side effects were dose related:
      ventricular tachycardia appeared at a toxic serum phenytoin level in one patient
      and disappeared as the concentration fell within the therapeutic range, and
      atrioventricular block grade 1 developed in two patients at low serum
      carbamazepine levels, its severity increasing with the drug level. Given the risk
      of dangerous side effects, cardiac status needs to be carefully assessed before
      administration of phenytoin or carbamazepine in the treatment of dystrophia
      myotonica.

PMID- 4051837
TI  - Recurrence of childhood multiple tic in late adult life.
AB  - In contrast to the lifelong persistence of symptoms characteristic of Gilles de
      la Tourette's syndrome, multiple tic of childhood is considered to be a self
      limited disorder that remits by early adulthood. We describe four patients who
      had a history of multiple tic of childhood, complete absence of tics throughout
      most of their adult lives, and recurrence of tics in late adult life. All four
      had multiple tics that began before the age of 9 years and included both motor
      and vocal tics that changed in location and severity over time. None of the
      patients exhibited coprolalia. All tics subsided before the age of 20 years, only
      to recur after the age of 60 years, once again including both motor and vocal
      tics that changed in location and severity slowly over time. The one patient who
      was severely bothered by the recurrence of motor and vocal tics responded well to
      haloperidol. Although they do not fit into any accepted diagnostic category for
      multiple tic, these patients suggest that multiple tic of childhood can recur in
      adult life. This suggests that Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome may be a
      continuum for chronic multiple tic of childhood to full-blown classic Gilles de
      la Tourette's syndrome.

PMID- 4051838
TI  - Handedness and essential tremor.
AB  - In patients with essential tremor, a direct relationship was found between hand
      dominance and severity of hand tremor. A higher incidence of left-handedness was
      found in patients with essential tremor than in controls.

PMID- 4051839
TI  - Nemaline myopathy with associated cardiomyopathy. Report of clinical and detailed
      autopsy findings.
AB  - We describe the clinical features and autopsy findings of an adult patient who
      had nemaline myopathy and an associated progressive cardiomyopathy. The spinal
      cord and the results of morphometric analysis of multiple peripheral nerves were
      normal. There was probable intrafusal fiber involvement, in addition to the
      typical histopathologic features of extrafusal fibers. Cardiac dysfunction was a
      prominent clinical and autopsy feature, but it has been infrequently recognized
      in this entity. Our findings suggest that there is a poor correlation between
      clinical and pathologic features in this disorder, and they support the need for
      careful cardiac evaluation of affected patients. Furthermore, the constellation
      of features favors a myopathic basis for the disease, in contradistinction to
      some previously expressed views.

PMID- 4051840
TI  - Swine influenza vaccination. Truth and consequences.

PMID- 4051841
TI  - The swine influenza vaccination controversy.

PMID- 4051842
TI  - Trismus. An unusual sign in polymyositis.
AB  - Neuromuscular disease is an unusual cause of trismus. However, we describe two
      patients with severe polymyositis who had difficulty opening their mouths during
      the acute phase of the illness. Electromyography demonstrated involvement of the
      masseters, and there was no evidence of myasthenia. The mechanism appeared to be
      decreased elasticity of the masseter because of inflammation, edema, and perhaps
      contractures.

PMID- 4051843
TI  - A view from the front line.

PMID- 4051845
TI  - Treatment of Descemet's membrane detachment.

PMID- 4051844
TI  - Respiratory obstruction following the Nadbath facial nerve block.

PMID- 4051846
TI  - Free plasma fluorescein.

PMID- 4051847
TI  - Why did fever therapy work.

PMID- 4051848
TI  - Eyelid tattooing. A sign of the times.

PMID- 4051849
TI  - Precision of cell density estimates and endothelial cell loss with age.
AB  - The precision of estimating endothelial cell density of the cornea, using a
      noncontact method of specular microscopy, was assessed by asking eight
      individuals with known densities in one operated-on and one unoperated-on eye to
      have photography on two occasions in the same day. Three photographs of each eye
      were assessed by two individuals using masking procedures. Interobserver
      differences were negligible and estimates were similar except for one eye with
      low density values. The method was applied to a natural history study in which
      103 eyes had cell-density estimates at zero and two years, and mean cell loss was
      found to be 2%. A collateral study using only good photographs that were
      available at both zero and two years showed a similar loss of 1.86% and reduced
      the number of counts showing unexpectedly high gains and losses.

PMID- 4051850
TI  - Long-term follow-up of argon laser trabeculoplasty for uncontrolled open-angle
      glaucoma.
AB  - Between May 1978 and October 1981, 82 phakic eyes in 72 patients with
      uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma underwent 360 degrees argon laser
      trabeculoplasty. Continued long-term follow-up has shown a decreasing pressure
      lowering effect. The peak pressure lowering was 9.7 mm Hg at two months, 7.3 mm
      Hg at two years, 6.8 mm Hg at four years, and 4.9 mm Hg at five years. In 1982,
      we reported a 77% success rate, but, after five years of observation, the success
      rate is 46%. However, our clinical population is unique in that the majority of
      our patients (57%) are black. The most important factor in the long-term success
      rate appears to be race. Only 32% of cases involving black patients were
      successful, while 65% of cases involving white patients were successful. A Kaplan
      Meier survival curve analysis revealed that the median time to an intraocular
      pressure greater than 21 mm Hg was 12 months for black patients and 60 months for
      white patients.

PMID- 4051851
TI  - Diurnal variation in the dimensions of the anterior chamber.
AB  - Anterior chamber depth and volume were measured photogrammetrically on a diurnal
      basis in 38 eyes from 21 normal subjects. Significant diurnal variation in
      anterior chamber dimensions was demonstrated. Anterior chamber depth and volume
      measurements were significantly lower in the evening than in the morning, with
      particular emphasis on the periphery of the anterior chamber. Axial depth
      decreased by 2.1%; peripheral depth, by 21.1%; and anterior chamber volume, by
      5.7%.

PMID- 4051852
TI  - Retinopathy in tropical pancreatic diabetes.
AB  - In a study of the retinopathy profile of 40 patients with tropical pancreatic
      diabetes, a form of secondary diabetes seen in tropical countries, diabetic
      retinopathy was detected in 13 patients. Ten patients had background retinopathy
      and three patients had proliferative retinopathy requiring laser
      photocoagulation. In two patients, fibrous retinitis proliferans was present.
      Three patients had evidence of diabetic maculopathy. To our knowledge, this is
      the first report of severe and sight-threatening retinopathy occurring with
      secondary diabetes. Retinopathy in these forms of diabetes has hitherto been
      considered to be rare or, if present, only of a mild background type.

PMID- 4051853
TI  - Classification of congenital and early onset retinitis pigmentosa.
AB  - We retrospectively studied 36 patients with congenital (Leber's amaurosis) and
      early onset retinitis pigmentosa (RP) to develop a new schematic classification
      system based on the age at onset of symptoms, severity of visual loss, and
      associated nonocular abnormalities. Our four groups were designated as
      complicated and uncomplicated Leber's congenital amaurosis and juvenile and early
      onset RP. Criteria for patient selection included an extinguished or barely
      recordable electroretinogram, well-documented age of onset, and comprehensive
      ocular and medical examinations before the age of 10 years. Among the
      congenitally blind, the distinguishing features were the degree of hyperopia and
      the presence or absence of neurologic abnormalities. Among patients with
      infantile or juvenile onset of retinal degeneration, the distinguishing features
      were the severity of visual loss and the age at onset of symptoms. The presence
      of nystagmus and hyperopia and the severity of central visual loss differentiated
      congenital from early onset RP.

PMID- 4051854
TI  - Clinicopathologic correlate of a fresh eyelid pigment implantation.
AB  - An eyelid with freshly applied black eyeliner pigment was examined
      histologically. X-ray microanalysis of the pigment suspension from the
      manufacturer's vial indicated that its composition was 98% iron and 2% titanium.
      Transmission electron microscopic examination disclosed that particles were in
      the extracellular matrix; intracellular particles were not seen. By light
      microscopy, implant material was detected in various levels of the dermis and was
      found in dermal lymphatics as well as within and surrounding a hair follicle. Our
      study suggests that systemic exposure to the implant material is possible and
      offers explanations for permanent eyelash loss, which we have seen following this
      procedure.

PMID- 4051855
TI  - Histopathologic condition of fascia lata implant 42 years after ptosis repair.
AB  - Fascia lata implants have been employed since the early part of this century in
      the repair of blepharoptosis. Although much has been written concerning surgical
      techniques and results of implanting different preparations of fascia lata, there
      are relatively few reports of long-term histopathologic follow-up of recovered
      tissue. In the case described herein, autogenous fascia lata was recovered at the
      time of repeated surgery and examined 42 years later. On microscopic examination
      the tissue was viable but demonstrated significantly more vascularization,
      fibroblastic infiltration, and incorporation with surrounding structures than
      previously reported implants.

PMID- 4051856
TI  - Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid masquerading as superior limbic
      keratoconjunctivitis.
AB  - A 49-year-old woman had been treated for 18 months for superior limbic
      keratoconjunctivitis of the right eye. Pathologic examination of a biopsy
      specimen of the superior perilimbal conjunctiva disclosed intraepithelial
      carcinoma of sebaceous gland origin. Because of the extensive involvement of the
      conjunctival epithelium by tumor, a subtotal orbital exenteration was performed.
      To our knowledge, this is the first report of sebaceous carcinoma masquerading as
      superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis.

PMID- 4051857
TI  - Short-term effect of argon laser trabeculoplasty in monkeys.
AB  - We performed argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) in four cynomolgus monkeys and
      evaluated the morphologic changes in the trabecular meshwork one hour and 14
      hours following the laser treatment. One hour after ALT, disruption of the
      trabecular beams and coagulative necrosis of the tissue were evident. Fragmented
      cells and fibrillar tissue debris were found in the trabecular spaces,
      accumulating in the juxtacanalicular region. This might explain the elevation of
      intraocular pressure seen immediately following ALT in some glaucomatous
      patients. Also, many trabecular endothelial cells were rounded up, displaying
      different stages of leaving the beams; these cells were actively phagocytic. Such
      stimulation of trabecular meshwork cells with subsequent removal of tissue debris
      might explain the temporary nature of elevation of intraocular pressure following
      ALT.

PMID- 4051858
TI  - Experimental retinal detachment. X. Effect of acetazolamide on vitreous
      fluorescein disappearance.
AB  - Retinal detachments were created in one eye of each of eight cynomolgus monkeys.
      Total vitrectomy was performed in the fellow eyes. Fluorophotometry was used to
      study the rate of disappearance of fluorescein injected into the vitreous cavity.
      The rate of fluorescein loss via the anterior chamber accounted for only 1% to 3%
      of the total rate of vitreous fluorescein loss in eyes with retinal detachment or
      in fellow eyes. Posterior loss of fluorescein (presumably across the retinal
      pigment epithelium) increased by 25% following intravenous acetazolamide in eyes
      with retinal detachment and 22% in fellow eyes. It is concluded that
      acetazolamide increases the rate of fluid absorption across the retinal pigment
      epithelium.

PMID- 4051859
TI  - Synthetic activities of cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells from a patient
      with retinitis pigmentosa.
AB  - We established cultures of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells from four
      normal individuals and a 56-year-old male patient with autosomal-dominant
      retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and examined the synthetic activities of these cells
      via radiolabeling experiments. The uptake of radioactive precursors per milligram
      of cell protein by RPE cells from the patient with RP was significantly higher
      than that found in the normal control cells. It appears that the net synthetic
      activities of glycosaminoglycans and proteins in our patient's cells were
      enhanced and that the cell metabolism was altered. This finding suggests that
      malfunctioning of the RPE cells may play a role in the deterioration of
      photoreceptor functions seen in at least some patients with autosomal-dominant
      RP.

PMID- 4051860
TI  - Clearance of triamcinolone from vitreous.
AB  - The clearance of intravitreally injected triamcinolone acetonide was monitored by
      both indirect ophthalmoscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
      and found to be more rapid than previously reported by others. Twenty-four
      rabbits were intravitreally injected in each eye with 0.4 mg of triamcinolone
      acetonide. Three rabbits each were sacrificed at intervals ranging from one hour
      to 46 days. The vitreous was then harvested and processed for HPLC analysis.
      Triamcinolone and the internal standard prednisolone were identified and
      quantitated by the use of HPLC, which was found to be both sensitive and specific
      for the steroids. The half-life as determined by HPLC was 1.6 days, the level at
      13 days postinjection was 66 +/- 19 micrograms, and no drug was detectable by
      HPLC analysis at 21 days in five of six eyes. The intravitreal masses thought to
      be triamcinolone were clinically observable to an average of 23.3 days. The
      chromatographically determined clearance rate did not correlate well with
      clinical impressions based on indirect ophthalmoscopy.

PMID- 4051861
TI  - Thermoradiotherapy for intraocular tumors.
AB  - We have developed and used a thermoradiotherapy (TRT) plaque to treat choroidal
      melanoma (Greene strain) in rabbits. A dual-therapy scleral plaque delivers
      localized hyperthermia (4.8-gigahertz microwave) and ionizing radiation (iodine I
      125). Transscleral treatment involves placement of a TRT plaque on bare sclera at
      the base of an intraocular tumor. Therapeutic doses of ionizing and hyperthermic
      radiation are then simultaneously delivered to the intraocular tumor. Sparing of
      normal ocular structures outside the treatment area after the combined therapy
      has been noted on clinical, gross, and histologic examinations. Our study
      suggests that the TRT plaque described satisfies the requirements for dual
      modality treatment of choroidal melanoma.

PMID- 4051862
TI  - Ophthalmology in Israel.

PMID- 4051863
TI  - Smokeless tobacco. An open letter to the Surgeon General.

PMID- 4051864
TI  - Computed tomography of cervical lymph nodes. Staging and management of head and
      neck cancer.
AB  - Forty patients with head and neck cancer had a computed tomographic (CT) scan
      followed by lymphadenectomy and pathologic confirmation. The overall accuracy of
      clinical examination of the neck was 70% vs 93% by CT. The CT correctly
      "upstaged" the neck in nine patients. One was upstaged from NO to N1, and four
      each from NO to N2 and N1 to N2. It correctly "downstaged" the neck in one
      patient (from N2 to N1). Eight patients had extranodal disease on CT confirmed by
      pathology. The CT findings were correct in ten of 11 previously treated patients.
      Because CT is more accurate than the clinical examination, it should be included
      in the staging of not only the primary tumor but also nodal disease of the neck.
      It can have an important role in the management of head and neck cancer.

PMID- 4051865
TI  - Cricoid collapse. A new technique for management of glottic incompetence.
AB  - A new procedure corrects glottic incompetence in patients following extended
      horizontal partial laryngectomy. The procedure consists of making vertical,
      cartilaginous cuts to collapse one half of the cricoid cartilage to a fixed
      midline position. In selected patients, this procedure has been demonstrated to
      permit decannulation where conventional methods have failed.

PMID- 4051866
TI  - Contralateral laryngoplasty. An update on reconstruction of the larynx following
      supraglottic laryngectomy with vertical extension.
AB  - Twenty patients with supraglottic carcinoma extending onto an arytenoid or true
      vocal cord underwent supraglottic laryngectomy with vertical extension that
      included the resection of an arytenoid. In these patients, the contralateral
      superior thyroid cornu was used to reconstruct the resulting defect. In this
      technique, the thyroid cornu is mobilized and greenstick fractured across the
      posterior commissure, thus maintaining its blood supply by leaving the inferior
      and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles attached. This muscle-cartilage pedicle
      provides bulk for the posterior glottis and can be anchored anteriorly to form a
      new hemilarynx. This reconstruction has provided excellent anteroposterior
      diameter and bulk in the laryngeal remnant, resulting in preservation of airway
      and voice and prevention of aspiration comparable with that achieved following
      supraglottic laryngectomy without vertical extension or resection of an
      arytenoid. It is a reliable technique for reconstructing extended laryngeal
      defects and is herein presented with long-term follow-up.

PMID- 4051867
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in patients under 40 years of age.
AB  - Between 1960 and 1983, 63 of 3,489 patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma
      of the head and neck at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City,
      were under the age of 40 years. Malignancies in these patients occurred in the
      oral cavity (41%), pharynx (28%), larynx (25%), and other sites (6%). One third
      of the patients were females and half the patients were smokers. Approximately
      50% of the patients presented with a cervical mass. Management consisted of
      surgery, radiation, or a combination of the two. Actuarial five-year survival for
      the entire group was 67%. The best prognosis was for patients with cancer of the
      larynx, while the poorest was for those with cancer of the pharynx.

PMID- 4051868
TI  - Proximal symphalangia and stapes ankylosis.
AB  - A father and his two sons had an autosomal-dominant syndrome of proximal
      symphalangia and conductive hearing loss. Exploratory tympanotomy revealed a
      congenitally fixed stapes and incus in the oldest boy. Surgical intervention
      resulted in normal hearing. To our knowledge, this is the first such histologic
      report of a stapes in this syndrome.

PMID- 4051869
TI  - Cardiopulmonary arrest due to misuse of viscous lidocaine.
AB  - A 30-month-old female infant had a cardiopulmonary arrest due to viscous
      lidocaine. The protective airway mechanisms were blunted by this drug, resulting
      in aspiration, hypoxia, seizures, and death. Lidocaine has also been associated
      with respiratory depression, psychosis, methemoglobinemia, and toxic
      cardiovascular reactions. We do not recommend the use of viscous lidocaine for
      minor oral irritation in infants and young children.

PMID- 4051871
TI  - Pathologic quiz case 1. Angiofollicular lymphoid hyperplasia, hyaline vascular
      variant (giant lymph node hyperplasia [GLNH], Castleman's disease).

PMID- 4051870
TI  - Auricular perichondritis secondary to acupuncture.
AB  - Auricular perichondritis developed in a patient following acupuncture to the
      pinna. Poor response to high-dose antibiotics necessitated open drainage. The
      underlying cartilage was uninvolved, and minimal deformity ensued. Acupuncture
      must be considered a form of penetrating trauma that may induce a perichondritis
      or chondritis in the auricle.

PMID- 4051872
TI  - Pathologic quiz case 2. Hidrocystoma of apocrine gland derivation.

PMID- 4051874
TI  - Recognition of digitized CV syllables in multitalker babble.
AB  - Nonsense syllable recognition by 10 normal-hearing listeners was assessed in
      quiet and three levels of multitalker babble. Stimuli were 19 consonants paired
      with /a/, /i/, and /u/ in a CV format. Performance measures included total
      syllable recognition, consonant feature-class recognition, and consonant feature
      errors. Results of each analysis were strongly affected by vowel coarticulation
      and noise level. However, a distinctive pattern of performance in the babble was
      observed. Comparisons are made between this pattern and those obtained previously
      in other types of noise backgrounds. Implications for clinical evaluation and
      auditory training are discussed.

PMID- 4051873
TI  - Follow-up study in a family with dominant progressive hereditary sensorineural
      hearing impairment. I. Analysis of hearing deterioration.
AB  - An autosomal-dominant progressive hereditary sensorineural hearing loss with
      onset in the high frequencies was studied in a Dutch family with 105 affected
      individuals. The hearing loss was analyzed by a curve-fitting procedure. A
      hyperbolic tangent was fitted into the audiogram. Five characteristics were
      distinguished: the high-frequency plateau, the low-frequency plateau, the slope,
      the low cut-off frequency and the high cut-off frequency. Six phases are
      recognizable in the development of the hearing loss, which is characterized by a
      two-step progression, first in the high and then in the low frequencies. Great
      differences in the rate of the deterioration were observed. The age of onset is
      between 5 and 15 years.

PMID- 4051875
TI  - High-frequency audiometry above 8 kHz. Comparative results of normative
      thresholds obtained with a headphone system and a quasi-free-field system.
AB  - Since a standard method for high-frequency audiometry does not yet exist, the
      authors, using 20 young subjects, compare the results obtained with a quasi-free
      field system devised by Osterhammel et al. [Scand. Audiol. 6:91-95, 1977] and
      those obtained by a headphone system. The headphone system is considered to be
      better, because it offers many practical advantages.

PMID- 4051876
TI  - The effects of paracetamol on frusemide ototoxicity.
AB  - Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is currently one of the most widely used drugs. In
      large doses, paracetamol is both nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic, and this toxicity
      may arise through the production of free radicals. Recently, there has been a
      revival of interest in the hypothesis that aminoglycoside antibiotics are
      ototoxic because they facilitate free-radical production. Aminoglycosides
      interact strongly with loop diuretics, producing enhanced ototoxicity. The object
      of the present study was to determine whether paracetamol would also interact
      with a loop diuretic. Pigmented guinea pigs received a dose of 500 or 1000 mg/kg
      paracetamol via an intragastric cannula. Compound action potentials (CAP) were
      recorded every 10 min for 2 h. Paracetamol alone had no effect on CAP thresholds,
      but significantly enhanced the CAP decrement induced by frusemide given
      intraperitoneally 1 h after paracetamol. This enhancement was larger in animals
      receiving 1000 mg/kg paracetamol. Repetition of these drug doses in recovery
      experiments indicated that all threshold shifts recovered within 7 days.

PMID- 4051877
TI  - Frequency-specific contributions to the auditory brain stem response derived by
      means of pure-tone masking.
AB  - The pure-tone masking technique has been employed to determine the contributions
      of neural activity from different cochlear regions to the click-evoked auditory
      brain stem response (compound ABR). ABR to broad-band clicks were recorded
      without and with simultaneous presentation of pure tones of frequencies ranging
      from 8 to 0.5 kHz. Derived ABRs for individual frequency bands were obtained by
      subtracting the masked responses from the unmasked ones. To determine the
      contributions to the compound ABR, masked and derived ABRs were compared with
      unmasked responses. The frequency specificity of the contributions was more
      distinct at lower rather than at higher stimulus intensities. Independent of
      stimulus intensity, the 8- to 2-kHz regions turned out to be the main sources of
      waves I-V in the compound ABR, whereas waves VI and VII seem to be predominantly
      generated by contributions from regions specific for 1 and 0.5 kHz. The main
      advantage of the pure-tone masking technique as compared with the tone pip
      stimulation is that contributions from the low-frequency regions become more
      clearly detectable. The validity of this technique has been proved by comparing
      the compound ABR with the sum of the derived ABRs. The comparison of ABRs derived
      by pure-tone masking with those derived by conventional high-pass noise masking
      did prove the validity of the technique as well.

PMID- 4051878
TI  - Response threshold determination of the brain stem auditory evoked response: a
      comparison of the phase versus magnitude derived from the fast Fourier transform.
AB  - An ensemble of 10 groups of brain stem evoked responses (BAERs), each consisting
      of 200 sweeps, was collected for different intensity levels and for a no-stimulus
      condition. A fast Fourier transform was calculated for the separate groups, which
      permitted a phase variance to be derived. The phase variance was compared to the
      magnitude value for selected frequency components making up the BAER. It was
      found that the phase variance was a better predictor of signal than magnitude.
      The superiority of prediction by phase results from intersubject variation being
      smaller for phase compared to magnitude.

PMID- 4051879
TI  - Auditory brainstem evoked potentials in blast injury.
AB  - Blast injury typically consists of a mixed conductive and sensorineural hearing
      loss. The sensorineural component includes temporary as well as permanent
      threshold elevations. Auditory brainstem evoked potentials (ABEP) are sensitive
      to functional changes in various levels along the auditory pathway. ABEP were
      recorded from 37 survivors of blasts and latency measures were correlated with
      clinical findings. Prolongation of peak latencies was correlated with the
      conductive component of blast-induced hearing loss, as well as with the TTS
      component of the sensorineural impairment. No central effects of blast on the
      auditory system were detected. In addition to their objectivity, ABEP hold the
      promise of differentiating between the permanent and temporary effects of blast
      on hearing.

PMID- 4051880
TI  - Extra-high-frequency noise remotely masks and alters temporal integration at
      lower frequencies.
AB  - A quasi-free-field technique was used to assess the effects of extra-high
      frequency-band masking on detection threshold of middle and high (1-7 kHz)
      frequencies. At an SPL of 60 dB, the 10- to 20-kHz masker produced a slight
      amount of masking. Increasing the masking level by another 5 dB produced a
      disproportionate increase of the detection thresholds. This increase was greatest
      in response to 4- and 5-kHz stimuli, and was detected with both constant and
      pulsed tones. Decreasing the bandwidth of the masker reduced the magnitude of the
      effect, but not the frequency-specific pattern of the remote masking. Extra-high
      frequency masking also increased the amount of temporal integration at middle and
      high frequencies. The data are discussed in reference to peripheral and central
      neural changes associated with sensorineural hearing loss.

PMID- 4051881
TI  - Effects of room reverberation and noise on speech discrimination by the elderly.
AB  - Speech discrimination performance was measured in sound field for 10 young normal
      hearing subjects, 10 elderly 'normal-hearing' subjects with a mean pure-tone
      average of 9.9 dB HTL, and 10 elderly hearing-impaired subjects with a mean pure
      tone average of 48.5 dB HTL. Speech discrimination abilities were assessed in
      quiet and noise (S/N = +10 dB) in a sound suite and under two levels of
      reverberation in a reverberant room (RT = 0.59 and 1.56 s). Results indicated
      that the elderly 'normal-hearing' and young normal-hearing subjects have similar
      speech discrimination performance in the sound suite for both the quiet and noise
      conditions. In addition, performance by these two groups was almost identical
      under both levels of reverberation in quiet. However, when noise was added to the
      reverberant conditions, performance by the elderly 'normal-hearing' subjects was
      significantly poorer than that obtained by the young normal-hearing subjects. The
      elderly hearing-impaired subjects yielded speech discrimination scores that were
      significantly poorer than the elderly 'normal-hearing' subjects and the young
      normal-hearing subjects for all of the listening conditions.

PMID- 4051882
TI  - Follow-up study in a family with dominant progressive hereditary sensorineural
      hearing impairment. II. Clinical aspects.
AB  - An autosomal-dominant progressive sensorineural hearing loss in six generations
      of a large family with 105 affected members was studied. The pattern of
      inheritance is autosomal dominant with an almost complete penetrance. The age of
      onset is between 5 and 15 years. Individuals with a normal audiogram at the age
      of 15 and over will not develop the disorder. Different generations show an
      identical pattern of progression. Because the age of onset is the same,
      anticipation is excluded. The hearing loss is symmetrical. Over 40 years, low
      frequency losses are greater in females than in males. Epistasis possibly plays a
      role since affected individuals in branch II of this family have a more severe
      expression than those in the other two affected branches. No abnormal excretion
      of organic acids in the urine could be established.

PMID- 4051883
TI  - Investigations of the residual hearing capacity of severely hearing-impaired and
      profoundly deaf subjects.
AB  - Speech reception functions (maximum discrimination score for phonemes, speech
      reception threshold) and auditory functions (pure-tone audiogram, difference
      limens for frequency and intensity, temporal modulation transfer function,
      critical ratio and temporal integration) have been investigated in a group of
      severely hearing-impaired and deaf subjects (median Fletcher index: 80 dB), for
      different frequency regions (250, 1 000 and 2 000/4 000 Hz). The correlations
      between the different functions were calculated on the basis of characteristic
      numbers, derived from the originally measured functions, in the indicated
      frequency regions. The residual hearing capacities could be described best with
      two factors, one reflecting the distortion term in the speech reception threshold
      and the other representing the frequency discrimination for high-frequency tones.
      It was found that residual hearing capacities are present, at least up to a
      Fletcher index of 105 dB.

PMID- 4051884
TI  - Vibrotactile performance by normal and hearing-impaired subjects using two
      commercially available vibrators.
AB  - The aim of this study was to measure vibrotactile sensitivity and stress pattern
      recognition of untrained normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects.
      Vibrotactile thresholds were measured as a function of frequency with two
      vibrators at three body placements. Stress pattern recognition was tested with
      two vibrators at two body placements. Vibrotactile threshold results indicate
      that wrist placements were less sensitive than fingertip placement and the
      hearing-impaired subjects were equally or less sensitive than the normal-hearing
      subjects. Vibrator plunger size had the greatest effect on threshold in the most
      sensitive frequency range of the skin. Stress pattern recognition results
      indicate that subject performance is a function of body placement but not a
      function of plunger size. Moreover, stress pattern recognition curves obtained in
      this study had lower plateaus for the hearing-impaired subjects than for the
      normal-hearing subjects. Implications for vibrotactile training are discussed.

PMID- 4051885
TI  - Problems in interpretation of brainstem-evoked response audiometry results.
AB  - This report describes 6 cases - 3 adults and 3 children - in which no response
      could be obtained during the brainstem-evoked response audiometry (ABR)
      examination. This, in spite of the fact that maximal click intensity was used
      during the test, and despite the patients' nearly normal hearing sensitivity. All
      of the cases presented a slight degree of neurological deficiency, which could
      explain the faulty synchronization of the biological response to clicks.
      Attention is drawn to the fact that lack of response in ABR in cases with central
      nervous system involvement is not necessarily proof of severe hearing loss, and
      could supply important diagnostic cues.

PMID- 4051886
TI  - Microsurgery: the great advance in eye treatment.

PMID- 4051887
TI  - Ophthalmic trauma.

PMID- 4051888
TI  - Glaucoma screening in general practice.

PMID- 4051889
TI  - Sudden loss of vision.

PMID- 4051890
TI  - Prevention of blindness in Australia.

PMID- 4051891
TI  - Ingrowing toenail.

PMID- 4051892
TI  - Fractured malar.

PMID- 4051893
TI  - Upper airway angio-oedema.

PMID- 4051894
TI  - Headache in childhood.

PMID- 4051896
TI  - Bedwetting.

PMID- 4051895
TI  - Visual hallucinations. The unwanted effect of patient compliance.

PMID- 4051897
TI  - Pre eclamptic toxaemia.

PMID- 4051898
TI  - Abdominal aortic aneurysm in general practice.

PMID- 4051899
TI  - Management of common forms of hyperlipidaemia.

PMID- 4051900
TI  - Vocational training in general practice. A trainee's experience.

PMID- 4051901
TI  - Anxiety disorders: Part 2.

PMID- 4051902
TI  - Proteins of marsupial erythrocyte membranes.
AB  - The proteins of erythrocyte membranes from the red kangaroo, western grey
      kangaroo, eastern grey wallaroo (euro), red-necked wallaby, Tammar wallaby, and
      brush-tail possum have been fractionated on acrylamide gels in the presence of
      sodium dodecyl sulfate. The pattern of proteins was remarkably similar between
      the different marsupial species. The pattern of Coomassie blue-staining proteins
      in the membranes of these species was also very similar to that of the human
      erythrocyte membrane. However, the glycoproteins in the marsupial erythrocyte
      membranes were markedly less conspicuous than those of the human erythrocyte
      membrane. Furthermore, the mobilities of the glycoproteins from the marsupials
      were different from those of the human erythrocyte membrane. The erythrocytes of
      the western grey kangaroo, the eastern wallaroo and the red-necked wallaby showed
      pronounced resistance to hypotonic lysis compared with those of the Tammar
      wallaby and the human. This effect seems to be related to the size of the
      erythrocytes rather than to differences in their protein composition.

PMID- 4051903
TI  - Serum activation of lipoprotein lipase from sheep adipose tissue.
AB  - The effects of species and plane of nutrition on serum activation of sheep
      adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase were studied over a range of substrate
      (triolein) concentrations. Serum, either from two species or from the same
      species on a different plane of nutrition, had differing effects on adipose
      tissue lipoprotein lipase activity. Serum from fed sheep was more effective than
      serum from fed rats in activating sheep adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase at low
      substrate concentrations. Serum taken from sheep on a restricted plane of
      nutrition, stimulated adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity at physiological
      substrate concentrations. The increased activity promoted by the factor(s)
      present in serum would ensure that those tissues (e.g. cardiac and skeletal
      muscle) which continue to synthesize lipoprotein lipase during fasting or
      nutritional restriction, are able to assimilate the relatively low amounts of
      circulating triacylglycerol.

PMID- 4051904
TI  - Significance of sulfhydryl compounds in the manifestation of fluoroacetate
      toxicity to the rat, brush-tailed possum, woylie and western grey kangaroo.
AB  - Levels of citrate in kidneys and livers of rats with normal glutathione levels
      increased 6.8 and 1.7-fold respectively 2 h after dosing with 1.5 mg of compound
      1080 (= 95% sodium fluoroacetate) per kilogram body weight. In animals with liver
      glutathione levels 15% of normal, increases in plasma and liver citrate levels
      after dosing with fluoroacetate were significantly greater than those of control
      animals. Cysteamine and N-acetylcysteine, like glutathione, partially protected
      aconitate hydratase from fluorocitrate inhibition in rat liver preparations but
      were unable to replace glutathione as a substrate for the defluorination of
      fluoroacetate in vitro. N-Acetylcysteine did not diminish plasma citrate levels
      of glutathione-deficient rats dosed with fluoroacetate, while cysteamine
      inhibited the rate of in vivo defluorination in glutathione-deficient brush
      tailed possums. It is suggested that non-physiological sulfhydryl compounds are
      ineffective antidotes to fluoroacetate intoxication in vivo. The in vivo
      defluorination patterns of four mammal species with differing sensitivities to
      fluoroacetate did not indicate a direct relationship between tolerance and rate
      of defluorination and it is also suggested that a high level of activity of the
      glutathione-S-transferase responsible for the defluorination of fluoroacetate is
      not the major mechanism for circumventing fluoroacetate toxicity in resistant
      mammals.

PMID- 4051905
TI  - Effects of phenylalanine and analogues of methionine and phenylalanine on the
      composition of wool and mouse hair.
AB  - Administration of the methionine analogue methoxinine (O-methyl-DL-homoserine) to
      sheep substantially changed the composition of wool; in addition wool fibres were
      weakened and the staple crimp frequency was reduced for a prolonged period. The
      proportions of high-tyrosine proteins were reduced by 40-45% whereas the high
      sulfur proteins were usually slightly increased. The content of high-tyrosine
      proteins in wool was still depressed in most sheep 70 days after dosing with
      methoxinine. These experiments supported a previous finding that the cystine
      content of wool and its crimp frequency are not causally related. Ethionine,
      another methionine analogue, did not consistently change the composition of wool.
      In some sheep there was no change in the proportions of high-tyrosine proteins
      following administration of ethionine, even though weak wool was produced. This
      result, together with the lack of association between the content of high
      tyrosine proteins and the strength of wool fibres in a sheep given methoxinine
      plus methionine, indicates that a reduction of the high-tyrosine proteins is not
      a prerequisite for the production of weak wool. Neither a threefold increase in
      the phenylalanine intake by mice nor the administration of three analogues of
      phenylalanine (4-fluoro-DL-phenylalanine, 4-chloro-DL-phenylalanine and beta-(2
      thienyl)-DL-alanine) to sheep altered the composition of hair or wool.
      Fluorophenylalanine was incorporated into all the constituent proteins of wool to
      the extent of c. 2% of phenylalanine residues. The other analogues studied could
      not be detected in wool.

PMID- 4051906
TI  - Structure of the epidermis of Australian Merino sheep over a 12-month period.
AB  - Light-microscopic examination of frozen sections of skin taken from the dorsal
      thoraco-lumbar region of Australian Merino sheep in winter revealed that the
      thickness of the epidermis plus a sudanophilic layer was 24.9 micron in the
      interfollicular region. The uncornified epidermis (10.9 micron) was separated
      from the sudanophilic layer (14.0 micron) by a thin stratum corneum. It was
      concluded that the bulk of the sudanophilic layer was emulsified sebum in which
      was embedded a disorganized collection of desquamated cornified cells. Although
      large variances were observed in the thickness of the uncornified epidermis and
      of the sudanophilic layers between sheep and both within the between blocks of
      tissue obtained from individual sheep, there were no strong seasonal effects on
      either epidermal structure or layer thickness over a 12-month period. These
      results suggest that the Australian Merino differs from Finnish Landrace X Dorset
      Horn ewes, which are reported to possess, at least in winter, a thicker
      uncornified epidermis and a thicker stratum corneum that could be divided into
      two zones and was uniformly permeated by lipid.

PMID- 4051907
TI  - Protoplast formation from submerged mycelium and from spore germinants of
      Streptomyces coelicolor.
AB  - Stages in the formation of protoplasts from S. coelicolor strain A3(2) have been
      studied by transmission electron microscopy. Protoplasts liberated from submerged
      mycelial growth were variable in size and were released when digestion of the
      cell wall by lysozyme had completely or almost completely taken place.
      Protoplasts did not fully adopt the typical rounded shape until after release. A
      single region of cytoplasm gave rise to more than one protoplast unit.
      Protoplasts released from spore germinants escaped from the tip of the germ tube,
      which was the region of the cell wall most susceptible to digestion. Protoplasts
      derived from spore germinants were more consistent in size and rounded up more
      rapidly. If a cross-wall had formed in a germinant then it gave rise to separate
      protoplasts from each cellular compartment. Protoplasts of either type contained
      a single DNA region. These studies give an indication of the cellular
      organization of a streptomycete colony, which can be visualized as a
      multinucleated assemblage of cellular units in a common cytoplasm. The assembly
      of units separates into a number of protoplasts on digestion of the cell wall.

PMID- 4051908
TI  - Growth of epizootic hemorrhagic disease, akabane, and ephemeral fever viruses in
      Aedes albopictus cells maintained at various temperatures.
AB  - The growth curves of one epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) virus serotype
      (Reoviridae), two Akabane virus strains (Bunyaviridae) and three bovine ephemeral
      fever (BEF) group viruses (Rhabdoviridae) were determined in Aedes albopictus
      cells maintained at 15, 20, 28 and 33 degrees C. Ae albopictus cells supported
      the growth of all the viruses although not necessarily at all temperatures.
      Because none of the viruses exhibited cytopathic effect in Ae albopictus cells,
      growth was assayed in baby hamster kidney 21 (BHK21) cells maintained at 37
      degrees C. The temperature at which the Ae albopictus cells were maintained had a
      marked effect on the growth and yield for each virus studied. EHD virus was heat
      stable and grew after 4 days at 28 and 33 degrees C, and after 8 days at 20
      degrees C. No growth was recorded up to 12 days at 15 degrees C. The two Akabane
      viruses were heat-sensitive and exhibited different growth patterns. One strain
      (B8935) showed no growth at 15 degrees C and only minimal growth at 20, 28 and 33
      degrees C. The other strain (CSIRO 16) showed growth after 1-2 days at all
      temperatures with higher titres reached at 15 and 20 degrees C than at 28 and 33
      degrees C. The BEF group viruses grew to approximately the same titres at all
      temperatures. At the higher temperatures (28 and 33 degrees C) most of BEF group
      viruses had disappeared within 9 days. In contrast at the lower temperatures (15
      and 20 degrees C), there was still virus present 18 days after
      inoculation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4051909
TI  - B-chromosome systems in the greater glider (Petauroides volans volans)
      (Marsupialia:Petauridae). I. B-chromosome distribution.
AB  - Variations in diploid chromosome number, due to the presence of B chromosomes,
      are found within the distribution of P. v. volans. B chromosomes vary in number
      between one and eight per animal, are mitotically stable in various body tissues
      and, unlike the Y chromosome in male P. v. volans, are not eliminated from bone
      marrow cells. Animals possessing B chromosomes have a distinct distribution, and
      it appears that a stable equilibrium between the forces of B chromosome
      accumulation or elimination is operating in those populations possessing these
      chromosomes.

PMID- 4051910
TI  - Capillary blood flow in the endometrium and myometrium of conscious sheep: effect
      of catheterization of uterine arteries.
AB  - Measures of capillary blood flow in the uterine tissues of conscious ewes were
      obtained by the use of microspheres. Total uterine capillary blood flow was
      significantly greater (P less than 0.01) at oestrus than at day 8 of the oestrous
      cycle [69.5 +/- (s.e.m.) 11.9, cf. 15.3 +/- 1.2 ml min-1, n = 7], reflecting
      increases of a similar order in both the endometrium and the myometrium. At these
      stages of the oestrous cycle, endometrial capillary blood flow constituted 83.6
      and 80.5%, respectively, of the total uterine capillary flow. Following the
      placement of indwelling catheters in each middle uterine artery there was a
      decrease in the ratio of endometrial to myometrial capillary blood flow for 3-5
      days.

PMID- 4051911
TI  - Protection of recently shorn sheep against adverse weather using plastic coats.
AB  - Sheep cold stressed for 10.5 h had plastic coats applied then the cold stress was
      continued. In 9 of 10 sheep (test group) showing hypothermia at the time coats
      were applied, body temperatures had returned to near normal 2.5 h later and to
      normal in 13.5 h. One sheep severely hypothermic before the coat was applied did
      not improve and was killed after 2.5 h. Sheep that were cold stressed without
      coats (wet controls) developed marked hypothermia and were killed between 10.5 h
      and 21 h. Rectal temperatures remained normal in controls that were cold stressed
      with coats on (coated wet controls) and in the controls not subjected to wetting
      (dry controls). Plasma cortisol increased markedly in the cold stressed sheep
      until plastic coats were applied, but the levels had fallen to normal levels 20 h
      later. Serum thyroxine levels increased at a faster rate in the test group and in
      wet controls than in the dry controls and coated wet controls during the first 9
      h of cold stress. In 4 sheep of the test group energy utilisation increased
      markedly and remained high for a variable time after coats were applied then
      gradually returned to pre-cold stress levels. Liver tyrosine aminotransferase
      levels of the wet controls were markedly elevated compared to levels found in the
      test group sheep killed 79.5 h after coats were applied. Histological changes in
      the spleen and liver of wet controls was absent or only mildly present in the
      test group sheep. There was severe depletion of muscle and liver glycogen in the
      wet controls compared with the test group sheep, which were similar to the dry
      controls and coated wet controls.

PMID- 4051912
TI  - Changes in cattle tick control practices in south eastern Queensland from 1977 to
      1982.
AB  - Results of a survey of cattle producers in south eastern Queensland in 1982
      concerning cattle tick control have been compared with those of a similar survey
      carried out in 1977-78. During the interval between these surveys the proportion
      of beef farms with tick resistant (Bos indicus infusion) cattle as the main breed
      had increased from 47.8% to 60.0%. Chemical control methods had improved but many
      producers were continuing to treat their cattle more often than necessary. Over
      the period there was an increase in the proportion of farms with small numbers of
      animals, and 30% of the farms had less than 50 cattle.

PMID- 4051913
TI  - Anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of goats.
AB  - Cases of anthelmintic resistance on 3 goat farms in Gippsland were investigated.
      On the first farm Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and
      Ostertagia (Teladorsagia) circumcincta were found to be resistant to
      fenbendazole, but the first 2 species were fully susceptible to levamisole. On
      the second farm a population of T. colubriformis, resistant to concurrent full
      doses of levamisole and a benzimidazole, was found to retain this resistance when
      transferred to sheep. On the third farm, heavy mortality due to Ostertagia and
      Trichostrongylus spp burdens was arrested only by the use of concurrent full
      doses of levamisole and oxfendazole; no single anthelmintic was found to be
      effective. A disturbing rise in the incidence of clinical helminthiosis, often
      accompanied by anthelmintic resistance, occurred on goat farms in Gippsland early
      in 1984.

PMID- 4051914
TI  - The use of progesterone administered intravaginally and pregnant mare serum
      gonadotrophin given by injection in controlled breeding programs in beef and
      dairy cattle.
AB  - Five experiments involving 1,244 cows and heifers were carried out to investigate
      the factors which might influence the calving performance to fixed-time
      artificial insemination following intravaginal administration of progesterone
      (PRID) and intramuscular injection of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG).
      Factors examined were duration of PRID treatment, time of treatment after
      calving, time and dose PMSG and lactational status. Experiments 1, 2 and 3 were
      carried out on milked Friesian cows, experiment 4 on Friesian heifers and
      experiment 5 on suckled and dry Herefords. All cows were inseminated once with
      frozen/thawed semen 54 to 58 h or 46 to 50 h after completion of PRID treatment.
      Overall there was a progressive increase in calving rates with an increase in the
      duration of treatment from 12 to 14 to 16 days but there was little or no effect
      of time after calving (4 v 7 weeks) at which treatment was commenced. The poorer
      calving performance of cows treated for 12 to 14 days was associated with
      relatively high peripheral levels of plasma progesterone at the time of the PRID
      removal, suggesting the presence at the end of treatment of residual secretory
      luteal tissue. There was an effect on calving performance of PMSG given at the
      time of PRID removal but its effect varied according to the duration of PRID
      treatment. After 12 days treatments (experiments 1 and 5) PMSG had little effect,
      whereas after 14 days treatments, 0, 500 and 750 IU PMSG gave calving rates of
      27%, 40% and 46% in experiment 2 and 5%, 24% and 38% in experiment 5.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4051915
TI  - Pathology of acute experimental Actinobacillus seminis mastitis in ewes.
AB  - Sequential pathological changes were studied for 9 days after inoculating
      Actinobacillus seminis in the mammary gland of sheep. The inoculated mammary
      glands became enlarged (2 to 4 times normal), turgid or consolidated and
      contained creamy or greenish-yellow viscid contents. A seminis was isolated from
      all inoculated udders at necropsy. Microscopically, the reaction in the udder to
      A. seminis may be divided into 4 overlapping phases; acute purulent, subacute
      purulent, necrotising, and proliferative. It was concluded that A. seminis was
      pathogenic for the ovine mammary gland, the clinical and pathological findings
      were nonspecific, and that A. seminis could survive within ovine mammary tissue
      for at least 9 days after inoculation.

PMID- 4051916
TI  - Degenerative optic neuropathy in a horse.

PMID- 4051917
TI  - Lack of tanning in white Merino sheep following exposure to ultraviolet light.

PMID- 4051918
TI  - Comparison of zeranol and oestradiol 17 beta for growth promotion in steers.

PMID- 4051919
TI  - Hepatogenous chronic copper poisoning in sheep associated with grazing Echium
      plantagineum.

PMID- 4051920
TI  - Experimental production of annual ryegrass toxicity with tunicamycin.

PMID- 4051921
TI  - Evaluation of the curative effect of foot-rot vaccine under dry conditions.

PMID- 4051922
TI  - A microanalysis of factors associated with child-abusive families: identifying
      individual treatment priorities.

PMID- 4051923
TI  - Blood glucose discrimination training and metabolic control in insulin-dependent
      diabetics.

PMID- 4051924
TI  - Behavioral management of children's distress during painful medical procedures.

PMID- 4051925
TI  - Teaching social skills to psychiatric inpatients.

PMID- 4051926
TI  - Group versus individual treatment of primary and secondary female orgasmic
      dysfunction.

PMID- 4051927
TI  - A component analysis of behavioral marital therapy: 1-year follow-up.

PMID- 4051928
TI  - Restraint and irrational cognitions.

PMID- 4051929
TI  - Selective processing of threat cues in anxiety states.

PMID- 4051930
TI  - Obsessional-compulsive problems: a cognitive-behavioural analysis.

PMID- 4051931
TI  - Panics and their consequences.

PMID- 4051932
TI  - Removal and diversion tactics and the control of auditory hallucinations.

PMID- 4051933
TI  - Temporal relationship between panic attack onset and phobic avoidance in
      agoraphobia.

PMID- 4051934
TI  - Psychological dimension of 'office hypertension'.

PMID- 4051935
TI  - A model of the eustress system for health/illness.
AB  - The stress response system, as vital mediator of the individual's health/illness
      dynamics at physical, psychological, and social levels, is modeled through a
      systems approach. This extremely complex self-regulating system involves multiple
      causal factors, nonlinearities, and time delays. Key basic functions are
      surveillance, mobilization of resources, feedback, and purpose. The underlying
      physiological stress response comprises three main mechanisms: autonomic nervous
      system, hormonal system, and immune response system. Their afferent pathways are
      presented in a flow diagram, and integrated into the full system which includes
      the psycho-social dimensions. The main features of this overall system comprise:
      psycho-social dynamics, feedback and feedforward monitors, self-concept,
      evaluation and strategy-decision making, generalized coping resources,
      mobilization of response strategies, and behavioral control. Stressors, as
      potential producers of stress, are illustrated in the physical, psychological,
      and social domains. A U-shaped universal dose-response curve is helpful in
      understanding stressor-destressor actions. Destressors are similarly considered,
      with special relation to lifestyle. Finally, the concept of eustress is developed
      as the ideal condition toward which this complex homeostatic system works.

PMID- 4051936
TI  - Euler buckling in a wheelbarrow obstacle course: a catastrophe with complex lag.
AB  - This article studies human physical work capacity under increasing load from a
      general systems theory perspective. There are several points of generalization
      between the structure of nonliving (building materials) and living systems
      (humans) with respect to stress, strain, and fatigue. A catastrophe model for
      Euler buckling was transposed and tested for human performance in a wheelbarrow
      obstacle course under varying loads. Subjects were 129 employees of a Midwest
      manufacturing plant. A cusp model was hypothesized and verified (R2 = .68,
      control R2 = .11) where vertical load was the asymmetry factor, and body balance,
      height, and sex-related differences all contributed to bifurcation. A catastrophe
      model in codimension 10 was also invoked to explain memory in the system.
      Principal control variables were exercise habits, weight, balance, and sex
      related differences (R2 = .75). The core model of human load-to-failure was
      concluded to be similar to that for Euler buckling: additional complexities were
      discovered which were attributed in part to systemic memory. Discussion points
      included the use of large dimension catastrophe models for problems involving
      complex lag effects, and the transposability of the model to the organizational
      systemic level.

PMID- 4051937
TI  - Color matching throughout the work week: an industrial application of the
      swallowtail-difference equation.
AB  - This article considers a multilevel system problem involving color perception of
      individual human beings, man-machine interactions, and changing social factors.
      Previous research on the same system found critical differences in color matching
      performance over a 24-hour period, modeled by a cusp catastrophe. The hypothesis
      now tested is whether critical differences in group performance occur in a
      regular weekly cycle. Subjects were 13 color matchers and 30 printers who worked
      rotating shifts. Data were drawn from production records for 27 pairs of
      multicolor jobs performed over three four-week periods. The swallowtail
      hypothesis was upheld for three criteria: color matching time (R2 = .55),
      printing press time (R2 = .55), and printing paper conserved or wasted (R2 =
      .83). Job length (difficulty), time period (denoting organizational dynamics
      taking place), and whether the job pair occurred in the Monday-Wednesday, or
      Thursday-Saturday part of the week (semicycle) served as control variables.

PMID- 4051938
TI  - Spectral analysis of the normal electrocardiogram of rabbits.
AB  - A spectral analysis of the QRS complex of the rabbit's electrocardiogram was
      made. The amplified ECG signals were filtered through low-pass filters with cut
      off frequency 500 Hz and steepness 12 dB/oct, and fed to a multichannel
      oscilloscope monitor. The images obtained were photographed. They were subjected
      to analog-to-digital conversion. The values were fed for processing to an EC 1035
      computer. A standard discrete Fourier transformation was used. The spectral curve
      exhibited a considerable amplitude of the higher harmonics. Point -20 dB was at
      164 Hz and point -30 dB was at 314 Hz. It was concluded that for accurate
      reproduction of the rabbit's ECG the recording electrocardiograph would have a
      bandwidth up to 225 Hz. An amplitude error not exceeding 10 per cent would be
      guaranteed.

PMID- 4051939
TI  - Myosin light chain compositions of the interatrial and interventricular septa of
      sheep heart.
AB  - The myosin light chain composition of sheep interatrial and interventricular
      septa were analysed by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel. The
      interventricular septum has myosin light chain composition indistinguishable from
      that of ventricular myosin. Myosin from the interatrial septum contains three
      light chains, two of which co-migrated with the two atrial light chains (ALC1 and
      ALC2), while the third co-migrated with ventricular light chain 2 (VLC2). ALC1
      are more abundant than ALC2 or VLC2 suggesting a mixed myosin population. Myosin
      with ALC1 and VLC2 light chain composition may be present, and its possible
      relationship with cardiac "conducting" cells is discussed.

PMID- 4051940
TI  - Normothermic ischaemic cardiac arrest of the isolated perfused rat heart: effects
      of trifluoperazine and lysolecithin on mechanical and metabolic recovery.
AB  - To evaluate the hypothesis that maintenance of the integrity of myocardial
      membrane systems and prevention of Ca2+ influx into the cell are significant in
      the survival of ischaemic tissue, the effect of trifluoperazine and lysolecithin,
      were tested on the recovery of globally ischaemic rat hearts. Trifluoperazine
      increases membrane stabilization, inhibits calmodulin and binds to other Ca2+
      dependent proteins. Lysolecithin, on the other hand, has a detergent action on
      myocardial cell membranes and facilitates Ca2+ ingress in ischaemic tissue. With
      trifluoperazine (2.45 microM), added before induction of ischaemia or during
      reperfusion only, hearts subjected to 40 min normothermic ischaemic cardiac
      arrest recovered mechanically. Untreated hearts failed after 20 min of ischaemia.
      The drug had no effect on tissue high energy phosphate levels or mitochondrial
      oxidative phosphorylation. Conversely, lysolecithin (2.5-10 microM) caused all
      hearts to fail after being subjected to 15 min ischaemia. Mechanical failure
      during reperfusion of such hearts was associated with a significant reduction in
      tissue ATP and CrP levels. Trifluoperazine counteracted the harmful effects of
      lysolecithin to a limited extent.

PMID- 4051941
TI  - Reduced tolerance to reperfusion-associated injury in hearts from myopathic
      hamsters.
AB  - This study was done to evaluate the response of myopathic hearts from dystrophic
      hamsters to 30 minutes of ischemia followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. Hearts
      from male and female normal animals recovered 77 +/- 6% and 64 +/- 5% of their
      contractile force respectively following reperfusion whereas only 34 +/- 8%
      (male) and 34 +/- 7% (female) recovery was seen in myopathic hearts (P less than
      0.01). Substantial sustained contractures were observed during reperfusion in
      hearts from dystrophic animals irrespective of gender whereas none were seen with
      control hearts. Reperfusion produced a rapid release of CPK that peaked at 5
      minutes (approximate coronary effluent concentration of 40 mU/ml) and remained
      elevated for the reperfusion duration. Peak CPK values for normal hearts were
      reached at 10 minutes following reperfusion, were significantly lower from the
      myopathic hearts and returned to near control levels at the end of the 30 minute
      reperfusion period. Reducing Ca2+ in the perfusion medium by up to 80% or
      perfusing the hearts with the Ca2+-channel blocker verapamil produced no
      beneficial effects. Changes in the above parameters produced by ischemia or heart
      rate alterations throughout the perfusion sequence were not different between
      normal and myopathic hearts. This study shows a sensitivity of myopathic hearts
      that is manifested during reperfusion. Possible mechanisms for this reduced
      tolerance are discussed.

PMID- 4051942
TI  - Myocardial protection utilizing calcium containing and calcium free perfusates.
AB  - The effects of the presence or absence of calcium in the cardioplegic perfusate
      were studied utilizing the isolated blood perfused dog heart preparation. Hearts
      were subjected to two hours of arrest at 27 degrees C followed by 90 minutes of
      normothermic reperfusion. Perfusates with or without 2.52 mM calcium chloride
      were delivered at 15 minute intervals during arrest at a perfusion pressure of
      100 mm Hg. Both calcium and calcium free perfusates resulted in decreases in
      tissue calcium concentration measured at the end of arrest. Tissue magnesium
      concentrations did not change with either perfusate. Coronary vascular resistance
      was increased with early perfusions in the calcium perfused group relative to the
      calcium free group. Systolic and diastolic performance, high energy phosphate
      values, coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption were altered by the
      arrest-reperfusion sequence but no differences between calcium and calcium free
      groups were seen. Thus, no evidence for deleterious effects of calcium free
      perfusion was present after two hours of global cardiac arrest followed by
      reperfusion. The data indicate the absence of the calcium paradox under
      conditions simulating clinical cardioplegia and supports clinical data indicating
      that the addition of calcium to the cardioplegic solution is unnecessary.

PMID- 4051943
TI  - Disturbance of contractile function of vena portae in stress and infarction and
      its prevention.
AB  - Emotional painful stress was shown to result in a significant depression of the
      portal vein contractile function accompanied by its decreased adrenoreactivity
      and its increased dependence on changes of external temperature, calcium and
      glucose. Experimental myocardial infarction caused similar disturbances of the
      contractile function and reactivity of the portal vein. The data obtained
      suggested that these shifts were induced by the infarction-concomitant stress.
      The disturbances revealed can be prevented or limited to a considerable extent by
      a pretreatment of animals with alpha-adrenoblocker phentolamine, inhibitor of the
      lipid peroxidation antioxidant ionol, and inhibitor of lipases nicotinamide. The
      high efficiency of such a protection indicates that the processes blocked by
      these inhibitors are important links in the pathogenetic chain of stress damage
      to the portal vein.

PMID- 4051944
TI  - The microsphere method facilitates statistical assessment of regional blood flow.
AB  - When microspheres are injected into the circulation, they are trapped in the
      arteriolar or capillary system within various organs. It has been confirmed in
      animal experiments that the number of microspheres in a myocardial sample
      approximately follows a Poisson distribution, under adequate experimental
      conditions. On the basis of this result, we arrived at the following hypothesis:
      When regional blood flow is measured under a steady state by the reference sample
      method, the 95% relative error can be approximated by +/- 196 square root 1/v +
      1/w, where v and w represent the number of microspheres in blood sample and
      myocardial sample, respectively. The equation is valid if v and w are greater
      than 400 and 49, respectively. We obtained an expression of the relation among
      the percent of increase or decrease in regional blood flow being verified, the
      probability of increase or decrease, as a statistically significant variation and
      the number of microspheres in a myocardial sample. An investigator can work out
      an approximate experimental design using this expression. For instance, when the
      increase in regional blood flow required for verification is expected to be 20%
      and he wants this increase to be verified by 90%-probability and as a
      statistically significant increase, he can predict from this expression that the
      number of microspheres in a myocardial sample should be 472 and 567 before and
      after the experimental intervention on the coronary circulation, respectively.
      The expression is useful as index for experiments involving use of the
      microsphere method.

PMID- 4051945
TI  - A new device for slow progressive narrowing of vessels.
AB  - The purpose of this work was to develop a device which allows slow progressive
      banding of a great artery in infants within 4 to 5 weeks. Employed was the
      hygroscopic casein ameroid. When brought in contact with fluids, an ameroid
      cylinder expands characteristically. An early phase of fast expansion proceeds
      gradually to a phase of slow growth. Size, shape, and encasement of ameroid as
      well as temperature and type of surrounding fluid modify but do not alter the
      typical pattern of expansion. The developed constrictor (weight: 5.8 kg, length:
      18 mm, diameter: 12 mm) includes a stainless steel socket containing an ameroid
      cylinder (length: 8.5 mm, diameter: 8 mm). The expanding ameroid pushes a piston
      with a concave extension (makrolon) a maximum of 2 mm against the artery, which
      is fixed to the metal housing by a teflon band (width: 4 mm, thickness: 0.5 mm).
      The band runs in 2 fitting grooves on the metal housing to which it is fixed by a
      metal ring with a precisely manufactured internal thread allowing exact
      tightening and loosening of the band around the artery. Utilization of inert
      materials like teflon, makrolon, and stainless steel warrants experimental and
      possibly clinical application of the developed small constrictor.

PMID- 4051947
TI  - [Medical liability. I. Perspectives of legal science].

PMID- 4051948
TI  - [Hemorrhages in internal laryngeal soft tissues].

PMID- 4051946
TI  - Effect of adenosine and AICAR on ATP content and regional contractile function in
      reperfused canine myocardium.
AB  - We investigated whether the postischemic acceleration of adenosine triphosphate
      (ATP) synthesis by means of precursor infusion is beneficial for the contractile
      function of reperfused myocardium. A coronary artery was occluded for 45 min in
      21 dogs to produce a marked but reversible ischemia. During the following 3 hours
      of reperfusion either adenosine (n = 6) or AICAR (5-amino-imidazole-4-carboxamide
      riboside) (n = 6) was infused intracoronarily by a small transfemoral catheter
      positioned in the LAD. ATP repletion by adenosine was nearly 50% of the deficit
      caused by the previous ischemia, the effect of AICAR on steady-state tissue ATP
      concentration was insignificant. Regional systolic function of these both groups
      was compared to that of a control group (n = 9) receiving only a saline infusion.
      We measured the regional function by subendocardially implanted ultrasound
      transducers using the transit time method. All three groups showed a reduction to
      about 25% of the initial segment shortening at the end of ischemia, followed by a
      quick recovery to half of the preocclusion segment shortening after reopening of
      the vessel. No further changes were observed in the control series during the 3
      hours of reperfusion (50 +/- 10% SE segment shortening at the end). With
      adenosine infusion - in spite of the resulting considerable ATP elevation - no
      significant change of segmental contractile function occurred (44 +/- 5% SE
      segment shortening). Only the AICAR treated group differed from control. It
      produced a continuous deterioration during reflow resulting in a holosystolic
      bulging of -20% +/- 10% SE at the end of 3 hours of reperfusion. Our results show
      that there is no correlation between different ATP tissue levels achieved by
      adenosine infusion and systolic function in reperfused myocardium after regional
      reversible ischemia. We hypothesize that reperfusion dyskinesia is caused by a
      failure of energy utilisation rather than of energy supply.

PMID- 4051949
TI  - [Hematomas of the tongue musculature in attacks on the neck].

PMID- 4051950
TI  - [Pedestrian accidents of children--pattern of injury and cause of injury in
      relation to impact geometry].

PMID- 4051951
TI  - [Simulation of automobile side collisions for the determination of stress to
      passengers near the collision].

PMID- 4051952
TI  - [Pathomechanics and pattern of injury of vehicle passengers in side collisions].

PMID- 4051953
TI  - [Causality in accidental death of the elderly].

PMID- 4051954
TI  - [Homicidal poisoning--a study from the catchment area of the Institute for
      Forensic Medicine of the University of Munster].

PMID- 4051955
TI  - [Fatal oxprenolol (Trasicor) poisoning].

PMID- 4051956
TI  - [Medical liability: perspectives of clinical aspects].

PMID- 4051957
TI  - [Xylose determination in blood and urine samples].

PMID- 4051958
TI  - [Violent crimes and LSD poisoning].

PMID- 4051959
TI  - [Blood alcohol screening with the Alcolmeter AE-D1 in autopsies].

PMID- 4051961
TI  - [Changes in intracranial pressure caused by the effect of alcohol].

PMID- 4051960
TI  - [Multifactorial evaluation of urine samples taken by the police].

PMID- 4051962
TI  - [Infantile cerebral palsy as an accident insurance case?].

PMID- 4051963
TI  - [Review of physical examinations at the Institute for Legal Medicine of the
      University of Munich with special reference to sex offenses].

PMID- 4051964
TI  - [Unexpected and sudden deaths in Finnish saunas].

PMID- 4051965
TI  - [Medical liability: perspectives of forensic medicine].

PMID- 4051966
TI  - [Contribution to identification of cadaver/skeletal parts with reference to burn
      cadavers. I: Conclusive position on the density of teeth as a possibility for age
      determination. II: Identification by bone structures--comparison using roentgen
      images].

PMID- 4051967
TI  - [Determination of plasminogen (PLG), phenotype distribution and gene frequency in
      Schleswig-Holstein trace studies].

PMID- 4051968
TI  - [Critical evaluation of individual blood group systems in the determination of
      identity].

PMID- 4051969
TI  - [Morphology of blood stains].

PMID- 4051970
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy and biochemical studies on the adhesion of dried
      blood to cotton].

PMID- 4051971
TI  - [Elemental analysis of jeans fibers].

PMID- 4051972
TI  - [Gunshot smoke study in relation to type of munition with lead-free powder
      smoke].

PMID- 4051973
TI  - [Morphologic studies of erythrocytes in hypostatically changed lung areas. Light
      microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy studies].

PMID- 4051974
TI  - [Fatal incidents in medical activity and their legal evaluation].

PMID- 4051975
TI  - [Physical characteristics of thigh musculature in mechanical rigor mortis in
      situ].

PMID- 4051976
TI  - [Value of data on the postmortem electrical excitability of the skeletal
      musculature for time of death].

PMID- 4051977
TI  - [Precision comparison of calculation of the time of death from rectal temperature
      with and without regard to influencing factors].

PMID- 4051978
TI  - [Postmortem cell morphology changes in the spleen].

PMID- 4051979
TI  - [Toxicologic evaluation of barbiturate poisonings in relation to histologic liver
      findings].

PMID- 4051980
TI  - [Iatrogenic injuries of the heart].

PMID- 4051981
TI  - [Histomorphology of the heart following resuscitation].

PMID- 4051982
TI  - [Central and peripheral venous alcohol concentrations in so-called alcohol
      embolization of human kidney tumors].

PMID- 4051983
TI  - [Biomechanical analysis of sternal punctures].

PMID- 4051984
TI  - [Iatrogenic heart injuries in sternal punctures].

PMID- 4051985
TI  - [Medical information from the viewpoint of the involved patients and physicians].

PMID- 4051986
TI  - [Morphometric parameters of osmotic alveolosis].

PMID- 4051987
TI  - [Fatal burns from electric heating pads and warming bottles in domestic and
      clinical use].

PMID- 4051989
TI  - [Survival of a homicide attempt by electric current].

PMID- 4051988
TI  - [Echinococcosis of the heart].

PMID- 4051990
TI  - [Acute deaths during resuscitation].

PMID- 4051991
TI  - [Lipomatosis of the heart in chronic alcohol abuse].

PMID- 4051992
TI  - [Morphologic demonstration in death caused by external factors].

PMID- 4051993
TI  - [Evaluation of the degree of injury in Austria based on 200 forensic studies of
      the Vienna Forensic Medicine Institute].

PMID- 4051995
TI  - [Medical and technical aspects of the weapon effect. I. The bow and crossbow].

PMID- 4051994
TI  - [Unexpected natural death during sexual activity].

PMID- 4051996
TI  - [Medical and technical aspects of the weapon effect. II. Far East weapons].

PMID- 4051997
TI  - [Sudden deaths from natural cause in leisure sports].

PMID- 4051998
TI  - [Further data on the detection of triazolam (Halcion) and its main metabolites].

PMID- 4051999
TI  - [And once more--autopsy and the cause of death].

PMID- 4052000
TI  - [The morphology of brain gunshot injury].

PMID- 4052001
TI  - [Forms of fracture of the atlas. I. Fractures of the lateral mass].

PMID- 4052002
TI  - [Forms of fracture of the atlas. II. Fractures of the anterior and posterior
      arch].

PMID- 4052003
TI  - [Significance of morphologic findings of the brain in post-traumatic suicide].

PMID- 4052004
TI  - [Medical liability: perspectives of legal judgment].

PMID- 4052005
TI  - [Computer tomographic studies on wound ballistics of cranial gunshot injuries].

PMID- 4052006
TI  - [Parasitological and clinical studies of experimentally cryptosporidia-infected
      NMRI mice].

PMID- 4052007
TI  - [1st experiences with the oral immunization of foxes against rabies in Hesse].

PMID- 4052008
TI  - Absence of developmental incompatibility in hybrids between rainbow trout and two
      subspecies of cutthroat trout.
AB  - We examined the developmental rate of hybrids between rainbow trout (Salmo
      gairdneri) and two subspecies of cutthroat trout: westslope cutthroat trout
      (Salmo clarki lewisi) and Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki bouvieri).
      These taxa show considerable genetic divergence at 42 structural loci encoding
      enzymes; the mean Nei's D between the rainbow trout and the two species of
      cutthroat trout is 0.22. We used four measures of developmental rate: time of
      hatching and yolk resorption, rate of increase in activity of four enzymes, and
      time of initial detection of seven isozyme loci. The two cutthroat trout
      subspecies reached hatching and yolk resorption earlier than rainbow trout.
      Cutthroat trout had higher relative enzyme activities than rainbow trout from
      deposition of eye pigment to hatching. There was no difference in the rate of
      increase in enzyme activity or time of initial expression of these loci between
      these species. Hybrids showed developmental rates intermediate or similar to that
      of the parental species using all measures. Our results indicate an absence of
      regulatory and developmental incompatibility between these taxa.

PMID- 4052009
TI  - Enzymatic activity of atypical Oriental types of aldehyde dehydrogenases.
AB  - Catalytic activity of the atypical Oriental-type aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2)
      was considered to be null or severely diminished. Recently it was suggested that
      the atypical ALDH2(2) retained about 30% of the specific activity of the usual
      ALDH2(1). We reexamined the problem by two-dimensional crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis. The usual Caucasian livers exhibited two distinctive
      precipitin peaks, one corresponding to the cytosolic ALDH1 and the other
      corresponding to the usual mitochondrial ALDH2(1), in both protein stain and
      enzyme activity stain. In contrast, the atypical Oriental livers exhibited two
      precipitin peaks in protein stain, but only one peak, corresponding to ALDH1, in
      enzyme activity stain. These results support the original notion that the
      atypical ALDH2(2) is enzymatically inactive or far less active than the usual
      enzyme, refuting the idea of the atypical ALDH2(2) with substantial enzyme
      activity.

PMID- 4052010
TI  - The core molecule from type H proteoglycan. Release of mannose-containing
      oligosaccharides by digestion with N-oligosaccharide glycopeptidase.
AB  - Chick-embryo cartilage contains a unique set of proteoglycans. Type H
      proteoglycan (PG-H) is the most abundant, constituting over 90% of the total
      cartilage hexuronate. We previously showed that treatment of PG-H with
      chondroitinase ACII and keratanase yields a protein-enriched core molecule [PG(
      CS,KS)] with enzymically modified linkage oligosaccharides of the chondroitin
      sulphate and keratan sulphate chains. We report here that further treatment of
      PG(-CS,KS) with pepsin and N-oligosaccharide glycopeptidase (almond
      glycopeptidase) released four distinct types of mannose-containing
      oligosaccharide. Two of them were shown to be: (Formula: see text). Of the
      mannose-containing glycopeptides formed by pepsin digestion, about 40% (as
      mannose) were resistant to N-oligosaccharide glycopeptidase. Since the resistant
      fraction was enriched in keratan sulphate remnants, it is suggest that the
      mannose-containing oligosaccharides in this fraction represent those located in a
      keratan sulphate-enriched region of PG-H.

PMID- 4052011
TI  - Characterization of calcium-dependent membrane binding proteins of brain cortex.
AB  - Proteins of Mr 68 000, 34 000 and 32 000 were selectively extracted by EGTA from
      brain cortex. The three proteins that were extracted along with calmodulin were
      acidic, monomeric, and did not exhibit structural homology, as demonstrated by
      one-dimensional peptide mapping. The Mr-68 000 protein was purified to
      homogeneity and had a Stokes radius of 3.54 nm and S20,W value of 5.1S. Purified
      calmodulin, Mr-68 000 protein and two proteins of Mr 34 000 and Mr 32 000,
      interacted with the brain particulate fraction, with half-maximal binding
      occurring at 3.5 microM, 8.3 microM and 150 microM-Ca2+ respectively. Proteins
      were bound independently of each other and calmodulin. Pretreatment of the
      particulate fraction with trypsin prevented the Ca2+-dependent binding of
      calmodulin; however, the binding of the Mr-68 000 protein or the Mr-32 000 and 
      34 000 proteins was unaffected. The Mr-68 000 protein of bovine brain did not
      cross-react immunologically with Mr-67 000 calcimedin from chicken gizzard.

PMID- 4052012
TI  - Alpha-fucosidase-ganglioside interactions. Action of alpha-L-fucosidase from the
      hepatopancreas of Octopus vulgaris on a fucose-containing ganglioside (Fuc-GM1).
AB  - alpha-L-Fucosidase, prepared in highly purified form (Mr 70 000-74 000) from
      Octopus hepatopancreas, was able to hydrolyse a fucose-containing ganglioside,
      namely Fuc-GM1 (II3NeuAc,IV2Fuc-GgOse4-Cer). The enzyme showed an irregular
      kinetic behaviour (v/[S] and v/[E] relationships following sigmoidal curves) when
      working on micellar Fuc-GM1 (Mr of the micelle 500 000), but obeyed regular
      hyperbolic kinetics when acting on low-Mr substances. It was observed that, on
      incubation with micellar Fuc-GM1 under the conditions used for the enzyme assay,
      Octopus alpha-L-fucosidase produced a ganglioside-enzyme complex that was
      catalytically inactive. This complex had an Mr exceeding 500 000 and a
      ganglioside/protein ratio of 4:1 (w/w), which is consistent with a stoichiometric
      combination of one ganglioside micelle with two enzyme molecules. Inactivation of
      alpha-L-fucosidase by formation of the corresponding complexes was also obtained
      with micellar gangliosides GM1 (II3NeuAc-GgOse4-Cer), GD1a (II3NeuAc,IV3NeuAc
      GgOse4-Cer) and GT1b [II3(NeuAc)2,IV3-NeuAc-GgOse4-Cer], which are not substrates
      for the enzyme, indicating that the ganglioside micelles per se act as enzyme
      inhibitors. However, alpha-L-fucosidase easily forms a Fuc-GM1-alpha-L-fucosidase
      complex, displaying regular Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Therefore the anomalous
      behaviour exhibited by alpha-L-fucosidase on micellar Fuc-GM1 is likely due to
      formation of the complex, which separates the fucosyl linkage from the active
      site of the complexed enzyme, but makes it available to the enzyme in the free
      form.

PMID- 4052013
TI  - Preparative isolation of the two forms of pig pancreatic pro-(carboxypeptidase A)
      and their monomeric carboxypeptidases A.
AB  - A method is reported for the preparative isolation of the two forms of pro
      (carboxypeptidase A) from pig pancreas: the monomer and the binary complex with
      pro-(proteinase E). This method, which is mainly based on chromatography on DEAE
      Sepharose at pH 5.7, allows these proenzymes to be prepared more quickly and in
      safer conditions than with other reported methods. Undegraded and homogeneous
      carboxypeptidase A1 and A2 species (peptidyl-L-amino acid hydrolase, EC
      3.4.17.1), in monomeric forms with high specific activity, are also obtained in
      high yield by controlled trypsin activation of either of the pro
      (carboxypeptidases A) followed by chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose at pH 5.8
      under dissociating conditions (7 M-urea).

PMID- 4052014
TI  - Ubiquinone reduction pattern in pigeon heart mitochondria. Identification of
      three distinct ubiquinone pools.
AB  - Intact pigeon heart mitochondria showed 10-30% ubiquinone reduction in the
      absence of substrates. This reduction could not be ascribed to endogenous
      substrates, as judged by lack of effect of inhibitors and uncouplers and by the
      very low endogenous respiratory rate. Addition of NADH in the presence of
      antimycin caused further reduction of about 10% ubiquinone, apparently coupled to
      the rotenone- and antimycin-sensitive exo-NADH oxidase system [Rasmussen (1969)
      FEBS Lett. 2, 157-162]. Citric acid cycle substrates reduced most of the
      remaining ubiquinone in the presence of antimycin; 15-20% of the total ubiquinone
      content was still in the oxidized form under the most reducing conditions. Three
      pools of ubiquinone therefore appeared to be present in heart mitochondria: a
      metabolically inactive pool consisting of reduced as well as oxidized ubiquinone,
      a pool coupled to oxidation of added (cytoplasmic) NADH, and the well-known pool
      coupled to citric acid cycle oxidations. Ferricyanide selectively oxidized the
      ubiquinol reduced by added NADH, indicating that this pool is situated on the
      outer surface of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Ubiquinone reduction levels
      were determined with a new method, which is described in detail.

PMID- 4052015
TI  - The NADH oxidase system (external) of muscle mitochondria and its role in the
      oxidation of cytoplasmic NADH.
AB  - An exo-NADH oxidase system [NADH oxidase system (external)], effecting intact
      mitochondrial oxidation of added NADH, was studied in pigeon heart mitochondria.
      Breast muscle mitochondria showed an equal specific activity of the system. The
      exo-NADH oxidase activity (200 micron mol of NADH/min per g of protein) equalled
      two-thirds of the State-3 respiratory activity with malate + pyruvate or one
      seventh of the total NADH oxidase activity of heart mitochondria. The activity
      was not caused by use of proteinase in the preparation procedure and all measured
      parameters were very reproducible from preparation to preparation. The activity
      is therefore most likely not due to preparation artefacts. The exo-NADH oxidase
      system is present in all mitochondria in the preparation and is not confined to a
      subpopulation. The system reduced all cytochrome anaerobically and direct
      interaction with all cytochrome oxidase was demonstrated by interdependent
      cyanide inhibition. The exo-NADH oxidase system seems to be located at the outer
      surface of the mitochondrial inner membrane because, for instance, only this
      system was rapidly inhibited by rotenone, and ferricyanide could act as acceptor
      in the rotenone-inhibited system (reductase activity = 20 times oxidase
      activity). In the presence of antimycin, added NADH reduced only a part of the b
      cytochromes. Freezing and thawing the mitochondria, one of the methods used for
      making them permeable to NADH, destroyed this functional compartmentation. The
      characteristics of the exo-NADH oxidase system and the malate-aspartate shuttle
      are compared and the evidence for the shuttle's function in heart in vivo is re
      evaluated. It is proposed that oxidation of cytoplasmic NADH in red muscles
      primarily is effected by the exo-NADH oxidase system.

PMID- 4052016
TI  - Bioenergetic actions of beta-bungarotoxin, dendrotoxin and bee-venom
      phospholipase A2 on guinea-pig synaptosomes.
AB  - Low concentrations of beta-bungarotoxin or bee-venom phospholipase A2 cause a
      progressive Ca2+-dependent increase in the proton permeability of the
      mitochondria within the synaptosomal cytosol, manifested as an increase in
      oligomycin-insensitive respiration and a partial depolarization of the
      mitochondrial membrane potential. This uncoupling appears to be a consequence of
      fatty acids liberated by phospholipase A2 activity at the plasma membrane, since
      it can be mimicked by the addition of oleate-albumin complexes, in which case
      there is no requirement for external Ca2+. Dendrotoxin does not affect the
      mitochondrial proton permeability in situ, but protects partially against the
      uncoupling action of beta-bungarotoxin. In contrast, this effect of bee-venom
      phospholipase A2 is unaffected by dendrotoxin. beta-Bungarotoxin, but not bee
      venom phospholipase A2, induces a slow progressive depolarization of the plasma
      membrane. The action of beta-bungarotoxin at the plasma membrane appears not to
      be related to fatty acid production, since it is augmented rather than inhibited
      by raising albumin concentrations in the medium. It is concluded that beta
      bungarotoxin has at least two actions on intact synaptosomes, both of which may
      involve interaction at the plasma membrane with a site common to dendrotoxin:
      first, a mitochondrial uncoupling mediated by fatty acids and, secondly, a
      depolarization at the plasma membrane.

PMID- 4052017
TI  - Solubilization and characterization of pellet-associated human brain alpha-L
      fucosidase activity.
AB  - The pellet-associated portion of human brain alpha-L-fucosidase (which represents
      approx. 20% of the homogenate activity) was solubilized with 0.5% (w/v) Triton X
      100, characterized with regard to several properties and compared with the
      corresponding properties of the soluble supernatant-fluid enzyme in an attempt to
      find a second alpha-L-fucosidase in human brain. The solubilized and soluble
      alpha-L-fucosidase activities exhibited complete stability after storage at 2-4
      degrees C for up to 29 days, comparable thermostability after preincubation at 50
      degrees C, comparable apparent Km values (0.07-0.08 mM) for 4-methylumbelliferyl
      alpha-L-fucopyranoside, comparable hydrophobicity, comparable isoelectric
      focusing profiles (six major forms, with pI values between 4.5 and 5.8) and
      comparable immunoprecipitation curves (with the IgG fraction of antisera prepared
      against human liver alpha-L-fucosidase). Differences in three properties were
      found between solubilized and soluble alpha-L-fucosidase activities: the
      solubilized activity was less stable to storage at -20 degrees C, had a 0.5-pH
      unit neutral shift in its pH optimum (6.0) and had smaller Mr forms after gel
      filtration on Sephadex G-200. The overall results indicate that the pellet
      associated and soluble portions of human brain alpha-L-fucosidase are quite
      similar in most of their properties. Thus there is still no compelling evidence
      for the existence of a second mammalian alpha-L-fucosidase.

PMID- 4052018
TI  - Interaction of rice (Oryza sativa) lectin with N-acetylglucosaminides.
      Fluorescence studies.
AB  - The interaction of lectin isolated from rice (Oryza sativa) embryos with N
      acetylglucosaminides was studied by equilibrium dialysis and fluorescence.
      Equilibrium dialysis with 4-methylumbelliferyl-(GlcNac)2 showed that rice lectin
      (Mr 38000) contains four equivalent saccharide-binding sites. Addition of the N
      acetylglucosaminides GlcNac, (GlcNac)2 and (GlcNac)3 enhanced the intrinsic
      fluorescence of rice lectin and this was accompanied by a 10nm blue-shift of its
      maximum fluorescence with (GlcNac)2 and (GlcNac)3. These changes in intensity
      allowed determination of the association constants, which increased with the
      number of saccharide units: at 20 degrees C, Ka = (1.3 +/- 0.1) X 10(3), (5.1 +/-
      0.4) X 10(4) and (2.6 +/- 0.1) X 10(5) M-1 for GlcNac, (GlcNac)2 and (GlcNac)3
      respectively. The binding enthalpy, delta H0, for the three glucosaminides were
      very low and ranged from -12.1 to -20.6 kJ X mol-1. The results are compared with
      those obtained with wheat-germ agglutinin, another GlcNac-specific gramineaous
      lectin.

PMID- 4052019
TI  - Hepatic peroxisomal and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in the riboflavin
      deficient rat.
AB  - The effects of riboflavin deficiency on hepatic peroxisomal and mitochondrial
      palmitoyl-CoA oxidation were examined in weanling Wistar-strain male rats. The
      specific activities of peroxisomal catalase and palmitoyl-CoA-dependent NAD+
      reduction were not affected by up to 10 weeks of riboflavin deficiency. In
      contrast, the specific activity of mitochondrial carnitine-dependent palmitoyl
      CoA oxidation was depressed by 75% at 10 weeks of deficiency. The amount of
      peroxisomal protein per g of liver was not affected by riboflavin deficiency,
      whereas, expressed per liver, both riboflavin-deficient and pair-fed controls
      showed decreased peroxisomal protein compared with controls fed ad libitum.
      Hepatic mitochondria, but not peroxisomes, were sensitive to riboflavin
      deficiency.

PMID- 4052020
TI  - Fibrinogen Manchester. Detection of a heterozygous phenotype in the intraplatelet
      pool.
AB  - Family members heterozygous for the congenitally abnormal fibrinogen designated
      fibrinogen Manchester, A alpha 16Arg----His, have previously been shown by
      h.p.l.c. and amino acid analysis to release a variant fibrinopeptide,
      [His16]fibrinopeptide A, from plasma fibrinogen after the addition of thrombin.
      The present study was designed to determine if the same abnormal phenotype was
      also present in the intraplatelet fibrinogen pool. Fresh platelets were washed in
      buffers containing EDTA until it could be shown that all washable plasma
      fibrinogen was removed. Normal platelets were then lysed by freezing and thawing
      to release their intracellular proteins, which were then treated with thrombin.
      The fibrinopeptides, cleaved from the intraplatelet fibrinogen, could be detected
      by an optimized h.p.l.c. technique. Quantification of the intraplatelet
      fibrinogen gave a result (means +/- S.D., n = 5) of 110 +/- 30 and 90 +/- 30
      micrograms/10(9) platelets, when determined by h.p.l.c. quantification of
      fibrinopeptide B content and fibrinogen fragment E radioimmunoassay respectively.
      Examination of fibrinopeptides released from the platelet fibrinogen from the
      family with fibrinogen Manchester with the same techniques showed elution peaks
      in the same positions as both [His16]fibrinopeptide A and normal fibrinopeptide
      A. The identity of these peaks was further substantiated by analysis of the
      h.p.l.c. peaks by using specific radioimmunoassay to fibrinopeptide A. Our
      results therefore demonstrate that platelet fibrinogen expresses the heterozygous
      A alpha 16His phenotype. This supports the view that the A alpha chains of
      platelet and plasma fibrinogen are produced from a single genetic locus.

PMID- 4052021
TI  - Scorpion toxins from Centruroides noxius and Tityus serrulatus. Primary
      structures and sequence comparison by metric analysis.
AB  - The complete primary structures of toxin II-14 from the Mexican scorpion
      Centruroides noxius Hoffmann and toxin gamma from the Brazilian scorpion Tityus
      serrulatus Lutz and Mello have been determined. Cleavage of toxin gamma after Met
      6 with CNBr produced the 55-residue peptide 7-61, which maintained the four
      disulphide bonds but was not toxic to mice at a dose 3 times the lethal dose of
      native toxin gamma. Pairwise comparison by metric analysis of segment 1-50 of
      toxin gamma and the corresponding segments from two other South American scorpion
      toxins, five North American scorpion toxins, nine North African scorpion toxins
      and one Central Asian scorpion toxin showed that the three Brazilian toxins are
      intermediate between the North American and North African toxins. This result is
      consistent with the hypothesis that the South American and African continents
      were joined by a land connection in the distant past.

PMID- 4052022
TI  - Evidence of degradation process of sucrase-isomaltase in jejunum of adult rats.
AB  - To evaluate degradation processes of sucrase-isomaltase in adult rat jejunum, we
      determined enzymic activity of sucrase and isomaltase and compared it with the
      amount of immunoreactive sucrase-isomaltase. In rats fed or starved for 18h,
      killed at 10:00 h or 22:00 h, sucrase activity (expressed on the basis of total
      protein or of immunoreactive sucrase-isomaltase) was significantly (P less than
      0.02) lower in the lower jejunum than in the upper jejunum; isomaltase activity
      was similar in both segments. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated the
      existence of a second sucrase-isomaltase antigen reacting with anti-(sucrase
      isomaltase) serum. This antigen was present in larger amounts in the lower
      jejunum than in the upper jejunum, exhibited immunological partial identity with
      the intact sucrase-isomaltase, and had isomaltase activity but no sucrase
      activity. Results suggest that this antigen is a degradation product of sucrase
      isomaltase in which the sucrase active site has been broken down. To examine the
      role of pancreatic enzymes in degradation of sucrase-isomaltase, common
      pancreatico-biliary ducts were ligated. Within 18 h after the operation, the
      difference of sucrase activity between the upper and the lower jejunum
      disappeared and the amount of the second sucrase-isomaltase antigen markedly
      decreased in the lower jejunum. Our results indicate that, during the degradation
      of intestinal sucrase-isomaltase by the pancreatic proteinases, degradation of
      the sucrase active site precedes that of the isomaltase active site.

PMID- 4052023
TI  - Differences in fragmentation between bound and unbound bovine secretory component
      suggest a model for its interaction with polymeric immunoglobulin.
AB  - Unbound bovine secretory component was cleaved into two-domain and one-domain
      fragments by trypsin within 1 h. Bovine secretory component covalently bound to
      bovine IgA dimer, as in secretory IgA, was much more resistant to fragmentation,
      which did not proceed beyond the three-domain stage even after 5 h. Bovine
      secretory component non-covalently bound to bovine IgM or to human IgM or IgA
      polymer was also relatively resistant to fragmentation, which again was largely
      arrested at the three-domain stage. A model for the binding of secretory
      component to polymeric immunoglobulin is proposed.

PMID- 4052024
TI  - Major changes in phosphorylation of chromatin-associated non-histone proteins
      accompany development in the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - Striking changes in protein and RNA synthesis were shown to accompany development
      in the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. These changes are, at least in part,
      directly attributable to control at the level of transcription. Analysis of
      nuclear proteins and their states of phosphorylation by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis and autoradiography showed only minor changes in the species of
      proteins detectable by Coomassie Blue staining during the vegetative growth and
      development phases. Major changes, however, were detected in their patterns of
      phosphorylation, with major differences from the vegetative pattern occurring
      during both early development (0-2h) and late development (8-12h). These changes
      coincide with major changes in polypeptide synthesis and in nuclear and
      cytoplasmic RNA complexity.

PMID- 4052025
TI  - Further characterization of human eosinophil peroxidase.
AB  - The large and the small subunits (Mr 50 000 and 10 500 respectively) of human
      eosinophil peroxidase were isolated by gel filtration under reducing conditions.
      The subunits were very strongly associated but not apparently cross-linked by
      disulphide bridges. During storage, the large subunit tended to form aggregates,
      which required reduction to dissociate them. Amino acid analysis of the performic
      acid-treated large subunit showed the presence of 19 cysteic acid residues. The
      small subunit of eosinophil peroxidase had the same Mr value as the small subunit
      of myeloperoxidase. However, although these subunits have very similar amino acid
      compositions, they showed different patterns of peptide fragmentation after CNBr
      treatment. The carbohydrate of eosinophil peroxidase seemed associated
      exclusively with the large subunit and comprised mannose (4.5%, w/w) and N
      acetylglucosamine (0.8%, w/w). The far-u.v.c.d. spectrum of the enzyme indicated
      the presence of relatively little ordered secondary structure.

PMID- 4052026
TI  - Detection of the low-density-lipoprotein receptor with biotin-low-density
      lipoprotein. A rapid new method for ligand blotting.
AB  - A new technique has been developed to identify low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)
      receptors on nitrocellulose membranes, after transfer from SDS/polyacrylamide
      gels, by ligand blotting with biotin-modified LDL. Modification with biotin
      hydrazide of periodate-oxidized lipoprotein sugar residues does not affect the
      ability of the lipoprotein to bind to the LDL receptor. Bound lipoprotein is
      detected with high sensitivity by a streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex, and
      thus this method eliminates the need for specific antibodies directed against the
      ligand. The density of the bands obtained is proportional to the amount of pure
      LDL receptor protein applied to the SDS/polyacrylamide gel, so that it is
      possible to quantify LDL receptor protein in cell extracts. Biotin can be
      attached to other lipoproteins, for example very-low-density lipoproteins with
      beta-mobility, and thus the method will be useful in the identification and
      isolation of other lipoprotein receptors.

PMID- 4052027
TI  - Inhibition of rat heart ornithine decarboxylase by basic polypeptides.
AB  - Purified and partially purified ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) from rat heart was
      inhibited by basic polypeptides in vitro. Poly-L-arginine, the most effective,
      was inhibitory at a concentration as low as 0.1 microgram/ml; protamine and
      histone clearly inhibited ODC at concentrations higher than 2 micrograms/ml, but
      poly-L-lysine was less effective. The ability to inhibit ODC appeared to
      correlate with the arginine-residue content of basic polypeptides. The inhibition
      effect could be decreased by increasing substrate concentration and ionic
      strength.

PMID- 4052028
TI  - Human platelets stimulated by thrombin produce platelet-activating factor (1-O
      alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) when the degrading enzyme acetyl
      hydrolase is blocked.
AB  - It has been shown [Touqui, Jacquemin & Vargaftig (1983) Thromb. Haemostasis 50,
      163; Touqui, Jacquemin & Vargaftig (1983) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 110, 890
      893; Alam, Smith & Melvin (1983) Lipids 18, 534-538; Pieroni & Hanahan (1983)
      Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 224, 485-493] that rabbit platelets inactivate exogenous
      PAF (platelet-activating factor, PAF-acether) by a deacetylation-reacylation
      mechanism. The deacetylation step is catalysed by an acetyl hydrolase sensitive
      to the serine-hydrolase inhibitor PMSF (phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride) [Touqui,
      Jacquemin, Dumarey & Vargaftig (1985) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 833, 111-118]. We
      report here that human platelets can produce PAF on thrombin stimulation. This
      production is marginal and transient, reaching a maximum at 10 min and decreasing
      thereafter. In contrast, 10-12 times more PAF is produced when platelets are
      treated with PMSF and stimulated with thrombin. Under these conditions, the
      maximum formation is observed at 30 min and no decline occurs for up to 60 min
      after stimulation. In addition, these platelets (treated with PMSF and stimulated
      with thrombin) incorporate exogenous labelled acetate in the 2-position of PAF,
      probably by an acetyltransferase-dependent mechanism. Production of PAF by human
      platelets during physiological stimulation can be demonstrated when PAF
      degradation is suppressed by the acetyl-hydrolase inhibitor PMSF.

PMID- 4052029
TI  - NAD-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase from bovine heart. Interaction with Ca2+
      chelators.
AB  - The activity of NAD-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase was inhibited by EDTA, EGTA
      and other nitrogen-containing polycarboxylate Ca2+ chelators in the absence and
      in the presence of ADP by a mechanism that could not be attributed solely to the
      removal of free Ca2+. Carboxymethyltartronate (2-oxapropane-1,1,3
      tricarboxylate), an oxygen ether polycarboxylate chelator, did not inhibit when
      ADP was absent. The activation by ADP, a positive effector of the enzyme,
      decreased with increasing concentration of carboxymethyltartronate, paralleling
      the removal of free Ca2+ by this chelator. The following were found when free
      Ca2+ was decreased to negligible concentrations (5-50 nM) with
      carboxymethyltartronate. (1) Free Ca2+ enhanced, but was not absolutely required
      for, activation by ADP. (2) Activation of enzyme activity by magnesium citrate
      neither required nor was increased by Ca2+ when ADP was absent. However, the
      potentiation of citrate activation by ADP was facilitated by free Ca2+. (3) The
      reversal of NADPH inhibition of enzyme activity by ADP did not absolutely require
      Ca2+, but it was enhanced by free Ca2+. (4) The inhibition of enzyme activity by
      NADH was not reversed by ADP either with or without Ca2+.

PMID- 4052030
TI  - Interactions with glutathione S-transferases of porphyrins used in photodynamic
      therapy and naturally occurring porphyrins.
AB  - Several naturally occurring porphyrins and porphyrins used in photodynamic
      therapy inhibit glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes either purified from rat
      liver or lung or in cytosol from normal and from cancerous (Morris 7288C
      hepatoma) liver. Although differences occur in the type and amount of
      transferases in normal and cancerous liver and in the liver of rats bearing an
      extrahepatic tumour, these enzymes are potential binding sites for porphyrins.
      Porphyrin structure is an important factor in determining the affinity of
      binding, as shown by the relative inhibitory effectiveness. Of the dicarboxylic
      porphyrins in the mixture used clinically, OO'-diacetylhaematoporphyrin and
      monohydroxyethylmonovinyldeuteroporphyrin are more effective inhibitors than
      haematoporphyrin and protoporphyrin IX. Of the naturally occurring porphyrins the
      order of effectiveness is protoporphyrin IX (dicarboxylic) greater than
      coproporphyrin (tetracarboxylic) greater than uroporphyrin (octacarboxylic) and
      type I greater than type III isomers of both uroporphyrin and coproporphyrin, and
      the synthetic tetra-meso-phenylporphinetetrasulphonate is a better inhibitor
      (apparent Ki = 250 nM) than coproporphyrin, which contains a comparable number of
      negative charges. In addition, iron-porphyrin chelates are more effective
      inhibitors of the transferases, with 25-fold decrease in Ki value, than the free
      porphyrins. These results indicate that one means whereby porphyrins accumulate
      in tissues is the occupation of intracellular binding sites, such as the
      transferases. Since porphyrins inhibit the activity of these important
      detoxifying enzymes, there will be metabolic consequences to the cell.

PMID- 4052031
TI  - Acidic glutathione S-transferases of rat testis.
AB  - In most organs of the rat the predominant forms of glutathione S-transferase have
      alkaline (greater than 7.0) pI values. In contrast, in the cytosol from rat
      testes almost 50% of the transferase activity is due to isoenzymes with acidic
      (less than 7.0) pI values. We have purified three acidic forms of glutathione S
      transferase from rat testis cytosol. One form accounted for more than 90% of the
      enzymic activity in the acidic fraction. This major form was a homodimer of a new
      subunit, termed Yt. This subunit had an electrophoretic mobility that was
      different from the subunits that form the alkaline transferases. In addition,
      functional and immunological studies were consistent with the unique nature of
      the Yt subunit. The two minor acidic enzymes of rat testis appeared to be
      heterodimers of the Yt subunit and a subunit with an electrophoretic mobility
      identical with that of the Yb subunit present in some alkaline enzymes.

PMID- 4052032
TI  - The reaction of glutathione with the eye-lens protein gamma-crystallin.
AB  - Lens cells contain high concentrations of thiol-rich proteins, gamma-crystallins
      and reduced glutathione. Solutions of bovine gamma-crystallin react avidly with
      either reduced or oxidized glutathione to form protein-glutathione mixed
      disulphides. A method of purification of a gamma-II crystallin-glutathione adduct
      containing two mixed disulphide groups is described.

PMID- 4052033
TI  - Interacting effects of L-carnitine and malonyl-CoA on rat liver carnitine
      palmitoyltransferase.
AB  - Malonyl-CoA significantly increased the Km for L-carnitine of overt carnitine
      palmitoyltransferase in liver mitochondria from fed rats. This effect was
      observed when the molar palmitoyl-CoA/albumin concentration ratio was low (0.125
      1.0), but not when it was higher (2.0). In the absence of malonyl-CoA, the Km for
      L-carnitine increased with increasing palmitoyl-CoA/albumin ratios. Malonyl-CoA
      did not increase the Km for L-carnitine in liver mitochondria from 24h-starved
      rats or in heart mitochondria from fed animals. The Km for L-carnitine of the
      latent form of carnitine palmitoyltransferase was 3-4 times that for the overt
      form of the enzyme. At low ratios of palmitoyl-CoA/albumin (0.5), the
      concentration of malonyl-CoA causing a 50% inhibition of overt carnitine
      palmitoyltransferase activity was decreased by 30% when assays with liver
      mitochondria from fed rats were performed at 100 microM-instead of 400 microM
      carnitine. Such a decrease was not observed with liver mitochondria from starved
      animals. L-Carnitine displaced [14C]malonyl-CoA from liver mitochondrial binding
      sites. D-Carnitine was without effect. L-Carnitine did not displace [14C]malonyl
      CoA from heart mitochondria. It is concluded that, under appropriate conditions,
      malonyl-CoA may decrease the effectiveness of L-carnitine as a substrate for the
      enzyme and that L-carnitine may decrease the effectiveness of malonyl-CoA to
      regulate the enzyme.

PMID- 4052034
TI  - Effects of DL-2-bromopalmitoyl-CoA and bromoacetyl-CoA in rat liver and heart
      mitochondria. Inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase and displacement of
      [14C]malonyl-CoA from mitochondrial binding sites.
AB  - The overt form of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1) in rat liver and heart
      mitochondria was inhibited by DL-2-bromopalmitoyl-CoA and bromoacetyl-CoA. S
      Methanesulphonyl-CoA inhibited liver CPT1. The inhibitory potency of DL-2
      bromopalmitoyl-CoA was 17 times greater with liver than with heart CPT1.
      Inhibition of CPT1 by DL-2-bromopalmitoyl-CoA was unaffected by 5,5'-dithiobis-(2
      nitrobenzoic acid) or (in liver) by starvation. In experiments in which DL-2
      bromopalmitoyl-CoA displaced [14C]malonyl-CoA bound to liver mitochondria, the KD
      (competing) was 25 times the IC50 for inhibition of CPT1 providing evidence that
      the malonyl-CoA-binding site is unlikely to be the same as the acyl-CoA substrate
      site. Bromoacetyl-CoA inhibition of CPT1 was more potent in heart than in liver
      mitochondria and was diminished by 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) or (in
      liver) by starvation. Bromoacetyl-CoA displaced bound [14C]malonyl-CoA from heart
      and liver mitochondria. In heart mitochondria this displacement was competitive
      with malonyl-CoA and was considerably facilitated by L-carnitine. In liver
      mitochondria this synergism between carnitine and bromoacetyl-CoA was not
      observed. It is suggested that bromoacetyl-CoA interacts with the malonyl-CoA
      binding site of CPT1. L-Carnitine also facilitated the displacement by DL-2
      bromopalmitoyl-CoA of [14C]malonyl-CoA from heart, but not from liver,
      mitochondria. DL-2-Bromopalmitoyl-CoA and bromoacetyl-CoA also inhibited overt
      carnitine octanoyl-transferase in liver and heart mitochondria. These findings
      are discussed in relation to inter-tissue differences in (a) the response of CPT1
      activity to various inhibitors and (b) the relationship between high-affinity
      malonyl-CoA-binding sites and those sites for binding of L-carnitine and acyl-CoA
      substrates.

PMID- 4052035
TI  - The core proteins of large and small interstitial proteoglycans from various
      connective tissues form distinct subgroups.
AB  - Large and small proteoglycans were separately isolated from a number of
      connective tissues and compared to determine the extent of structural similarity.
      This was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and by the peptide
      patterns obtained when 125I-labelled proteoglycans were digested with trypsin.
      All the large proteoglycans, i.e. from tendon, sclera, cartilage and aorta,
      appear to contain the structure typical for the hyaluronic acid-binding region,
      both shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by content of peptides unique
      for this region. These proteoglycans also share other structural features of the
      protein core, as indicated by immunological cross-reactivity and similar peptide
      patterns. The large proteoglycans from aorta in addition show the presence of
      unique structures both upon immunoassay and with regard to peptide pattern. Among
      the small proteoglycans two groups can be identified, although amino acid
      composition and protein core sizes are grossly similar. One group consists of the
      small proteoglycans from aorta and cartilage having similar peptide maps and
      showing immunological cross-reactivity in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The
      other distinctly different group consists of the small proteoglycans from bone,
      cornea, sclera and tendon, which among them show identity in enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay and similar peptide patterns. Proteoglycans from the two
      groups, however, show partial immunological cross-reactivity.

PMID- 4052036
TI  - Regulation of bile-acid synthesis. Role of sterol carrier protein 2 in the
      biosynthesis of 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol.
AB  - Sterol carrier protein2 (SCP2) is known to stimulate utilization of cholesterol
      in enzymic reactions in which cholesterol is the substrate. Substantial recent
      experimental evidence indicates that SCP2: activates enzymic conversion of
      intermediates between lanosterol and cholesterol; stimulates the microsomal
      conversion of cholesterol into cholesterol ester in rat liver; and enhances
      mitochondrial utilization of cholesterol for pregnenolone formation in the
      adrenals. The conversion of cholesterol into 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol is the
      rate-limiting step in bile-acid synthesis. We therefore investigated the effect
      of SCP2 on this physiologically critical reaction by using a gas-chromatography
      mass-spectrometry procedure that measures the mass of 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol
      formed. The results show that SCP2 enhances 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol formation
      by rat liver microsomes (microsomal fractions), utilizing either endogenous
      membrane cholesterol, cholesterol supplied exogenously in serum or in the form of
      cholesterol/phospholipid liposomes. Microsomes immunotitrated with anti-SCP2
      antibody exhibited considerably less capacity to synthesize 7 alpha
      hydroxycholesterol, which was restored to control levels on addition of purified
      SCP2. These data are consistent with the suggestion that SCP2 may be of
      physiological significance in the overall metabolism of cholesterol.

PMID- 4052037
TI  - A new method for the rapid purification of both the membrane-bound and released
      forms of the variant surface glycoprotein from Trypanosoma brucei.
AB  - A simple new technique was developed for the rapid purification of either the
      membrane-bound or the released forms of the variant surface glycoprotein of
      Trypanosoma brucei in high yield. Whole cells were used as the source of the
      membrane-bound form, and the supernatant of benzyl alcohol-treated cells was used
      as the source of the released form. The technique was based on extraction of the
      acid-treated protein into chloroform/methanol, followed by selective re-partition
      into aqueous salt solution. The yield of purified protein was found to be
      dependent critically on a low pH during the extraction/re-partition stages. This
      finding and the ability to cycle the protein repeatedly through organic and
      aqueous phases in a strictly pH-dependent manner suggested that the protein could
      undergo fully reversible denaturation/renaturation only while in an extensively
      protonated form. The yield was independent of the polarity of the organic phase
      and the protein concentration over a wide range. After purification, both forms
      retain their ability to react with specific antibody raised against the authentic
      native protein purified by conventional means. The amino acid composition and the
      identity of the N-terminal amino acid was the same for both forms of the protein.
      In addition, both forms had blocked C-terminal residues. There were determined to
      be 1.13 X 10(7) copies of the variant surface glycoprotein per cell.

PMID- 4052038
TI  - Immunorecognition of the active form of the oestrogen receptor by using a
      monoclonal antibody.
AB  - In previous studies, two forms (alpha and beta) of the oestrogen receptor, with
      different immunological characteristics, were observed in the cytosol fraction of
      fetal guinea-pig uterus, by using a monoclonal antibody to the human oestrogen
      receptor (D547Sp gamma). Only the alpha form was recognized by the antibody,
      shifting its sedimentation coefficient in high-salt sucrose gradients. The
      present work investigated the effect of several factors (time, temperature, high
      salt concentrations and Na2MoO4) on the interconversion of these two forms. Only
      the beta form was observed when cytosol was incubated with oestradiol for only 2
      3 h, but 20 h later, 40-60% of the total oestradiol-receptor complexes were found
      as the alpha form. The transformation from the beta to the alpha form was
      accelerated by temperature (25 degrees C, 15 min) and exposure to high salt
      concentrations (0.4 M-KCl). On the other hand, Na2MoO4 completely blocked the
      transformation induced by time and temperature, but had little effect on that
      induced by KCl. The appearance of the alpha form always correlated with an
      increase in receptor binding to nuclei and DNA-cellulose. Finally, it was found
      that the isolated beta form, recovered from the gradient, was transformed into
      the alpha form after overnight dialysis under reduced pressure. The present data
      suggest that the alpha form, which is recognized by the monoclonal antibody, is
      the activated form of the oestrogen receptor.

PMID- 4052039
TI  - The secretion of tropoelastin by chick-embryo artery cells.
AB  - Chymotryptic fingerprint analyses of tropoelastin a and tropoelastin b
      demonstrated a very close relationship between these two polypeptides synthesized
      in a cell-free system under the direction of chick-embryo polyribosomal mRNA. A
      similar study on tropoelastin polypeptides extracted in their hydroxylated and
      under-hydroxylated forms from artery cells incubated with [3H]valine in the
      absence and presence of alpha alpha'-bipyridine or 3,4-dehydroproline confirmed
      this close relationship and suggested that tropoelastins a and b are likely to be
      the products of a single gene. Pulse-chase experiments in which the synthesis and
      secretion of tropoelastin by artery cells were monitored demonstrated that, after
      a pulse with [3H]proline, the polypeptides rapidly appeared in the medium and the
      half-time of tropoelastin secretion was approx. 30 min. Further pulse-chase
      studies, in which [3H]tropoelastin contents of subcellular fractions were
      determined, showed that rough and smooth microsomal fractions contained maximal
      amounts of tropoelastin at different times. The quantity of tropoelastin in the
      smooth-microsomal fraction was always only a small proportion of that in the
      rough-microsomal fraction, suggesting rapid translocation of the polypeptides to
      the plasma membrane. Incubation of the cells with 0.1 mM-colchicine did not
      markedly alter the rate of secretion or the distribution of tropoelastin between
      the subcellular fractions, whereas when 1 microM-monensin was included in the
      incubations the polypeptides were retained in the rough microsomal fraction. The
      results are consistent with the proposal that tropoelastin may follow a pathway
      of secretion from rough endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane via
      secretory vesicles.

PMID- 4052041
TI  - Aldehyde dehydrogenase. An enzyme with two distinct catalytic activities at a
      single type of active site.
AB  - The evidence for and against the esterase and dehydrogenase active sites of
      aldehyde dehydrogenase being topologically distinct is examined. It is found that
      all the evidence (including all that previously amassed by others in favour of
      distinct binding domains) is actually consistent with, and in favour of, a single
      type of catalytic site having both activities. The existence of separate high-Km
      modulating sites for the enzyme is also questioned.

PMID- 4052040
TI  - Purification and properties of 5-aminolaevulinate dehydratase from human
      erythrocytes.
AB  - A new procedure for the isolation of homogeneous human 5-aminolaevulinate
      dehydratase (porphobilinogen synthase, EC 4.2.1.24) is described in which the
      enzyme is purified 35000-fold and in 65-74% yield. The specific activity of the
      purified enzyme, 24 units/mg, is the highest yet reported. An efficient stage for
      the removal of haemoglobin is incorporated in the method, which has general
      application to the purification of other erythrocyte enzymes. The erythrocyte
      dehydratase (Mr 285 000) is made up of eight apparently identical subunits of Mr
      35 000. The enzyme is sensitive to oxygen, and its activity is maintained by the
      presence of thiols such as dithioerythritol. Zn2+ is obligatory for enzyme
      activity, the apoenzyme being essentially inactive (approximately equal to 12% of
      control) when assayed in buffers devoid of Zn2+. Addition of Zn2+ to the
      apoenzyme restores activity as long as the sensitive thiol groups are fully
      reduced; optimal stimulation occurs between 100 and 300 microM-Zn2+. The human
      enzyme is inhibited by Pb2+ in a non-competitive fashion [KiI (dissociation
      constant for E X S X Pb2+ complex) = 25.3 +/- 3.0 microM; KiS (dissociation
      constant for E X Pb2+ complex) = 9.0 +/- 2.0 microM]. Modification of thiol
      groups, inactivation by oxidation, alkylation or reaction with thiophilic
      reagents demonstrates the importance of sensitive thiol groups for full enzymic
      activity.

PMID- 4052042
TI  - Assembly of Agrostemma githago (corn-cockle) storage proteins and their precursor
      proteins into oligomers.
AB  - The major fraction of seed storage proteins of Agrostemma githago (corn-cockle),
      a non-leguminous dicot, occurs as material with S20,w values of approximately 11S
      and approximately 2S, and a minor fraction as oligomers with S20,w values of
      approximately 6.5S. The 11S proteins are of the legumin type and consist of
      disulphide-linked alpha- and beta-subunits of Mr approximately 39 000 and
      approximately 23 000 respectively. The oligomeric assembly of the precursor
      polypeptides of the 11S proteins was examined. The approximately 65 000-Mr
      precursor polypeptides of two 11S proteins, which consist of 38 000-25 000-Mr
      subunits and 36 000-22 000-Mr subunits respectively, were assembled into
      oligomers of approximately 7S and subsequently cleaved. Thereafter the 11S
      oligomer was formed. The 88 000-Mr precursor of a third 11S protein, which
      consists of 41 000-23 000-Mr subunits, was assembled into an approximately 8S
      oligomer and then cleaved, yielding two disulphide-linked intermediates of Mr 59
      000 and 24 000. Thereafter, the 11S oligomer was formed. Processing of the 59 000
      Mr to the 41 000-Mr polypeptide occurred both in the 8S and in the 11S form.

PMID- 4052043
TI  - The inhibitory effect of halides and carboxylates on hepatic NADH: cytochrome b5
      oxidoreductase.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of several halides and carboxylates on bovine liver
      microsomal NADH: cytochrome b5 oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.2.2) was examined. The
      magnitude of inhibition was altered by various anion species but not by cation
      species. The order of effectiveness was F- less than acetate less than Cl- less
      than Br- less than I- less than succinate congruent to citrate. The kinetics of
      these inhibitions was competitive with cytochrome b5, and non-competitive with
      NADH, indicating that these anions inhibit the interaction of the enzyme with
      cytochrome b5.

PMID- 4052044
TI  - Peptide and carbohydrate complexes of nickel in human kidney.
AB  - The predominant renal and urinary forms of nickel consist of low-Mr complexes.
      Similarities in the nature of these complexes have been found in kidneys of rats
      exposed parenterally to NiCl2 and in rat kidneys treated with NiCl2 in vitro.
      Similar complexes have also been identified after treatment of bovine and human
      renal soluble fractions with NiCl2. The bulk of nickel in all cases is associated
      with sulphated oligosaccharide fractions containing uronic acids and neutral
      sugars. This binding is non-specific, and nickel is readily displaced from these
      fractions by copper. Smaller amounts of nickel are bound to an acidic peptide,
      which was purified from human kidneys and partially characterized. Nickel was not
      displaced from this material by copper at physiological pH. These nickel
      complexes have not been found in plasma, suggesting that ligand exchange occurs
      during or after glomerular filtration of the metal.

PMID- 4052045
TI  - S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase from human placenta. Affinity purification and
      characterization.
AB  - S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.1) was purified to homogeneity from
      human placenta by using S-adenosylhomocysteine-agarose affinity chromatography.
      The enzyme is a tetramer with a native Mr of 189 000 and subunit Mr of 47 000-48
      000; there were nine cysteine residues per subunit and no disulphide bonds. The
      pI was 5.7. H.p.l.c. analysis revealed that the enzyme contained four molecules
      of tightly bound cofactor (NAD) per tetramer, of which 10-50% was in the reduced
      form. The enzyme had four binding sites per tetramer for adenosine, of which 10
      35% were found to be occupied. Two types of adenosine-binding sites could be
      distinguished on the basis of differences in rates of dissociation of the enzyme
      adenosine complex, and by examining binding of adenosine at 0 degree C and 37
      degrees C. The enzyme catalysed the interconversion of adenosine and 4',5'
      dehydroadenosine; the equilibrium constant for this reaction was 2.1 and favoured
      4',5'-dehydroadenosine formation. Variability in the specific activity of
      preparations of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase was related to the NAD+/NADH
      ratio of the preparation. The capacity to bind radioactively labelled adenosine
      depended on the adenosine content of the purified enzyme. The rate of adenosine
      binding and the sensitivity of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase to inactivation
      by adenosine were both diminished in the absence of dithiothreitol.

PMID- 4052046
TI  - Characterization of mouse liver alpha-L-fucosidase. Demonstration of unusual
      basic isoelectric forms of the enzyme that appear to be developmentally
      regulated.
AB  - Mouse tissues contain unusual basic isoelectric forms of alpha-L-fucosidase (with
      approximate isoelectric points of 8.3 and 9.0) in addition to the usual acidic
      and neutral forms previously described in tissues of other species. These unusual
      forms are very prominent in placenta and foetal tissues and comprise approx, 50
      80% of total activity up to 11 days of postnatal development. By 15 days of
      postnatal development, the basic forms are diminished in amount and comprise not
      more than 25% of total activity. Neuraminidase treatment of adult mouse liver
      alpha-L-fucosidase led to significantly decreased amounts of acidic forms and
      increased amounts of the basic forms, suggesting that these forms are chemically
      related at least in part by sialic acid residues. Comparative kinetic studies on
      mouse liver, human liver and mouse placental alpha-L-fucosidases indicated that
      they have the same Km (0.05-0.06 mM) for 4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-L
      fucopyranoside but different pH optima and thermostability properties. Mouse
      liver alpha-L-fucosidase has one pH optimum (5.5) and an acidic shoulder (centred
      around pH 4.0) compared with two distinct optima (4.3 and 6.8) for the human
      liver enzyme. Mouse placental alpha-L-fucosidase has a pH-activity curve
      comparable with that of the mouse liver enzyme except that the acidic shoulder is
      absent. Mouse liver alpha-L-fucosidase is considerably more thermolabile after
      preincubation at 50 degrees C than are the human liver and mouse placental
      enzymes, which gave similar thermodenaturation curves. Immunochemical studies
      indicated that mouse and human alpha-L-fucosidases are dissimilar antigenically
      but exhibit some cross-reactivity. The IgG fraction of antibody prepared in goat
      against human liver alpha-L-fucosidase was ineffective by itself in
      immunoprecipitating mouse liver alpha-L-fucosidase, but 63% and 72% of the mouse
      liver and placental enzymes respectively could be immunoprecipitated in the
      double-antibody experiments under conditions that immunoprecipitated 92% of the
      human liver enzyme.

PMID- 4052047
TI  - Kinetics of protein-modification reactions. Stoichiometry of modification
      produced enzyme inactivation: modification of rhodanese by 2,4,6
      trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid.
AB  - A mathematical treatment is presented for the dependence of enzyme activity loss
      on the numbers and reactivities of the groups essential for catalytic function,
      when enzyme protein modification is carried out by the use of concentrations of
      protein reactive groups well in excess of that of modifying agent. Experimentally
      obtained data on the modification of rhodanese (thiosulphate sulphurtransferase,
      EC 2.8.1.1) by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid are presented, and it is shown
      that, at pH9.00, the fractional concentration of rhodanese groups, or of
      rhodanese group reactivities, essential for enzyme catalytic function is 0.88;
      this value is found to decrease with decreasing pH of the reaction medium. The
      possibility that rhodanese inactivation by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid is
      brought about by modification of groups other than amino groups is ruled out by a
      comparison of the enzyme-inactivation and protein-modification stoichiometries,
      for putative reaction models for enzyme and modifying agent.

PMID- 4052048
TI  - Ox glutamate dehydrogenase. Comparison of the kinetic properties of native and
      proteolysed preparations.
AB  - Kinetic constants were determined for commercially available samples of ox liver
      glutamate dehydrogenase, which had previously been shown to have suffered limited
      proteolysis during preparation, with a range of substrates and effectors. These
      were compared with the values obtained with enzyme preparations purified in such
      a way as to prevent this proteolysis from occurring [McCarthy, Walker & Tipton
      (1980) Biochem. J. 191, 605-611]. The Km values and maximum velocities determined
      with different substrates revealed little difference between the two preparations
      although the proteolysed enzyme had lower Km values for NH4+ and glutamate when
      the activities were determined with NADPH and NADP+ respectively. This
      preparation was more sensitive to inhibition by Cl- ions but less sensitive to
      inhibition by high concentrations of the substrate NADH. The two preparations
      also differed in their sensitivities to allosteric effectors, with the
      proteolysed enzyme being the less sensitive to inhibition by GTP. At high
      concentrations of NADH, this preparation was also more sensitive to activation by
      ADP and ATP.

PMID- 4052049
TI  - Inhibitory effects of some long-chain unsaturated fatty acids on mitochondrial
      beta-oxidation. Effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on mitochondrial beta
      oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
AB  - Evidence showing that some unsaturated fatty acids, and in particular
      docosahexaenoic acid, can be powerful inhibitors of mitochondrial beta-oxidation
      is presented. This inhibitory property is, however, also observed with the cis-
      and trans-isomers of the C18:1(16) acid. Hence it is probably the position of the
      double bond(s), and not the degree of unsaturation, which confers the inhibitory
      property. It is suggested that the inhibitory effect is caused by accumulation of
      2,4-di- or 2,4,7-tri-enoyl-CoA esters in the mitochondrial matrix. This has
      previously been shown to occur with these fatty acids, in particular when the
      supply of NADPH was limiting 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (EC 1.3.1.-) activity
      [Hiltunen, Osmundsen & Bremer (1983) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 752, 223-232]. Liver
      mitochondria from streptozotocin-diabetic rats showed an increased ability to
      beta-oxidize 2,4-dienoyl-CoA-requiring acylcarnitines. Docosahexaenoylcarnitine
      was also found to be less inhibitory at lower concentrations with incubation
      under coupled conditions. With uncoupling conditions there was little difference
      between mitochondria from normal and diabetic rats in these respects. This
      correlates with a 5-fold stimulation of 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase activity found
      in mitochondria from streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

PMID- 4052050
TI  - Strain-specific differences in the proline-rich proteins and glycoproteins
      induced in rat salivary glands by chronic isoprenaline treatment.
AB  - Parotid and submandibular glands were isolated from five strains of rat after
      chronic injection of the beta-adrenergic receptor agonist isoprenaline
      (isoproterenol). The glands were observed to have undergone a marked increase in
      wet weight, owing to hypertrophy and hyperplasia. The 100 000 g soluble fraction
      of gland cell lysates were extracted with 10% (w/v) trichloroacetic acid, and the
      soluble material subsequently analysed by SDS (sodium dodecyl
      sulphate)/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. By this procedure, evidence was
      obtained for the induction, in isoprenaline-treated parotid and submandibular
      glands, of proline-rich proteins with apparent Mr values ranging from 20 000 to
      40 000. Heterogeneity was evident in the proteins produced for a specific gland
      between the rat strains, although the amino acid compositions were the same.
      Products from induced mRNAs translated in vitro had similar mobilities in
      SDS/polyacrylamide gels, despite the apparent difference in mobility of
      trichloracetic acid-extracted proline-rich proteins from the various strains.
      Strain-specific differences were noted for the proline-rich glycoproteins from
      control salivary glands as well as those induced as a consequence of isoprenaline
      treatment. Although the glycoproteins had similar amino acid compositions, there
      was considerable heterogeneity in the carbohydrate compositions for these
      proteins, suggesting that the differences were the result of post-translational
      modifications during glycosylation. Induction of the increased activity of the
      Golgi membrane marker enzyme UDP-galactose:2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucosamine 4
      beta-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.22) occurred to the same extent in the
      parotid glands of all strains examined. There was no change in the specific
      activity of a second enzyme, UDP-galactose:N-acetylgalactosaminyl-protein 3 beta
      galactosyltransferase (no EC designation).

PMID- 4052051
TI  - The acylation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and the metabolism of phosphatidate in
      microsomal preparations from the developing cotyledons of safflower (Carthamus
      tinctorius L.) seed.
AB  - Microsomal preparations from the developing cotyledons of safflower (Carthamus
      tinctorius) catalysed the acylation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate in the presence of
      acyl-CoA. The resulting phosphatidate was further utilized in the synthesis of
      diacyl- and tri-acylglycerol by the reactions of the so-called 'Kennedy pathway'
      [Kennedy (1961) Fed. Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 20, 934-940]. Diacylglycerol
      equilibrated with the phosphatidylcholine pool when glycerol backbone, with the
      associated acyl groups, flowed from phosphatidate to triacylglycerol. The
      formation of diacylglycerol from phosphatidate through the action of a
      phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (phosphatidase) was substantially inhibited by
      EDTA and, under these conditions, phosphatidate accumulated in the microsomal
      membranes. The inhibition of the phosphatidase by EDTA was alleviated by Mg2+.
      The presence of Mg2+ in all incubation mixtures stimulated quite considerably the
      synthesis of triacylglycerol in vitro. Microsomal preparations incubated with
      acyl-CoA, sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and EDTA synthesized sufficient phosphatidate
      for the reliable analysis of its intramolecular fatty acid distribution. In the
      presence of mixed acyl-CoA substrates the sn-glycerol 3-phosphate was acylated
      exclusively in position 1 with the saturated fatty acids, palmitate and stearate.
      The polyunsaturated fatty acid linoleate was, however, utilized largely in the
      acylation of position 2 of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. The affinity of the enzymes
      involved in the acylation of positions 1 and 2 of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate for
      specific species of acyl-CoA therefore governs the non-random distribution of the
      different acyl groups in the seed triacylglycerols. The acylation of sn-glycerol
      3-phosphate in position 1 with saturated acyl components also accounts for the
      presence of these groups in position 1 of sn-phosphatidylcholine through the
      equilibration of diacylglycerol with the phosphatidylcholine pool, which occurs
      when phosphatidate is utilized in the synthesis of triacylglycerol. These results
      add further credence to our previous proposals for the regulation of the acyl
      quality of the triacylglycerols that accumulate in developing oil seeds [Stymne &
      Stobart (1984) Biochem. J. 220, 481-488; Stobart & Stymne (1985) Planta 163, 119
      125].

PMID- 4052052
TI  - Altered release of carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity by digitonin from
      liver mitochondria of rats in different physiological states.
AB  - The release of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) activity from rat liver
      mitochondria by increasing concentrations of digitonin was studied for
      mitochondrial preparations from fed, 48 h-starved and diabetic animals. A bimodal
      release of activity was observed only for mitochondria isolated from starved and,
      to a lesser degree, from diabetic rats, and it appeared to result primarily from
      the enhanced release of approx. 40% and 60%, respectively, of the total CPT
      activity. This change in the pattern of release was specific to CPT among the
      marker enzymes studied. For all three types of mitochondria there was no
      substantial release of CPT concurrently with that of the marker enzyme for the
      soluble intermembrane space, adenylate kinase. These results illustrate that the
      bimodal pattern of release of CPT reported previously for mitochondria from
      starved rats [Bergstrom & Reitz (1980) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 204, 71-79] is not
      an immutable consequence of the localization of CPT activity on either side of
      the mitochondrial inner membrane. Sequential loss of CPT I (i.e. the overt form)
      from the mitochondrial inner membrane did not affect the concentration of malonyl
      CoA required to effect fractional inhibition of the CPT I that remained
      associated with the mitochondria. The results are discussed in relation to the
      possibility that altered enzyme-membrane interactions may account for some of the
      altered regulatory properties of CPT I in liver mitochondria of animals in
      different physiological states.

PMID- 4052053
TI  - Protective effect of metallothionein on cadmium toxicity in isolated rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - An isolated rat hepatocyte preparation was used to study the cellular toxicity of
      cadmium and the protective effects of metallothionein on cadmium-induced
      toxicity. Exposure of primary suspension cultures of isolated rat hepatocytes to
      Cd2+ (0-35.7 microM) for 15 min resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the
      synthesis of cellular proteins during a subsequent 6 h incubation. Such
      inhibition could not be correlated with cellular lethality or gross membrane
      damage. Pre-induction of metallothionein in hepatocytes by zinc treatment in vivo
      of donor rats protected hepatocytes in vitro from cadmium-induced inhibition of
      protein synthesis. The protective effects in zinc-pre-induced hepatocytes are not
      due to alterations in the level of total cellular cadmium, but could be accounted
      for by the redistribution of intracellular cadmium in the presence of high levels
      of zinc-metallothionein. The data suggest that metallothionein exerts its
      protective effect by a kinetic detoxification mechanism, i.e. a decrease in
      reactive intracellular cadmium.

PMID- 4052054
TI  - Stoichiometry of substrate binding to rat liver fatty acid synthetase.
AB  - Two rat liver fatty acid synthetase preparations, containing 1.6 and 2.0 mol of
      4'-phosphopantetheine/mol of synthetase, showed specific activity of 2006 and
      2140 nmol of NADPH oxidized/min per mg of protein respectively. The two
      synthetase preparations could be loaded with either 3.3-4.4 mol of [1-14] acetate
      or 2.9-3.7 mol of [2-14C]malonate, by incubation with either [1-14C] acetyl-CoA
      or [2-14C]malonyl-CoA. The 4'-phosphopantetheine site could be more than 90%
      saturated and the serine site about 80% saturated with malonate derived from
      malonyl-CoA. However, with acetyl-CoA as substrate, binding at both the 4'
      phosphopantetheine and cysteine thiol sites did not reach saturation. We
      interpret these results to indicate that, whereas the equilibrium constant for
      transfer of substrates between the serine loading site and the 4'
      phosphopantetheine site is close to unity, that for transfer of acetyl moieties
      between the 4'-phosphopantetheine and cysteine sites favours formation of the 4'
      phosphopantetheine thioester. Thus, despite the apparent sub-stoichiometric
      binding of acetate, the results are consistent with a functionally symmetrical
      model for the fatty acid synthetase which permits simultaneous substrate binding
      at two separate active centres.

PMID- 4052055
TI  - The behaviour of caeruloplasmin in stored human extracellular fluids in relation
      to ferroxidase II activity, lipid peroxidation and phenanthroline-detectable
      copper.
AB  - No Cu(II) ion is measurable in human serum or synovial fluid by the
      phenanthroline assay. On storage of human serum or synovial fluid at 4 degrees C,
      phenanthroline-detectable copper appears, lipid peroxidation occurs, ferroxidase
      I activity declines and ferroxidase II activity rises, yet there is no fall in
      immunologically detectable caeruloplasmin. Storage of body fluids at -20 degrees
      C or -70 degrees C slows, but does not prevent, these deteriorative changes. It
      is suggested that the presence of low-molecular-mass Cu(II) ion complexes,
      ferroxidase II activity, "cytotoxic factors' and "immunosuppressive factors' in
      body fluids may be, in part or in whole, an artifact of the storage and handling
      of the fluids. A report [Blake, Blann, Bacon, Farr, Gutteridge & Halliwell (1983)
      Clin. Sci. 64, 551-553] that the caeruloplasmin present in rheumatoid synovial
      fluid is deficient in ferroxidase activity is shown to be such an artifact. It is
      strongly recommended that all such experiments be performed upon freshly taken
      fluid samples.

PMID- 4052056
TI  - Inhibition of citrulline synthesis by octanoate and its modulation by adenine
      nucleotides.
AB  - Liver mitochondria from octanoate-treated rabbits showed an impaired ability to
      synthesize citrulline. Two methods were used to evaluate citrulline synthesis in
      rat liver mitochondria. Under these conditions octanoate inhibited citrulline
      synthesis by over 50%. When ATP was included in the assay medium the inhibitory
      effect of octanoate was prevented. In the absence of ATP in the suspending
      medium, octanoate did not significantly lower total adenine nucleotides in rat
      liver mitochondria. However, under these conditions octanoate caused a change in
      the adenine nucleotide profile such that ATP content was decreased and AMP
      content was increased. When ATP was present in the assay medium, octanoate caused
      a similar increase in AMP content. However, ATP decreased only slightly. The
      alterations in mitochondrial adenine nucleotide profile by octanoate and the
      reversal of the effect by exogenous ATP suggests that octanoate inhibits
      citrulline synthesis via reduced intramitochondrial ATP levels. The ability of
      octanoate to lower mitochondrial ATP and elevate mitochondrial AMP may be related
      to its intramitochondrial activation by the medium chain fatty acid activating
      enzyme.

PMID- 4052057
TI  - Low content of hepatic reduced glutathione in patients with Wilson's disease.
AB  - In five of six patients with symptomatic Wilson's disease (WD) with increased
      hepatic copper content, increased renal copper excretion, and decreased serum
      concentrations of ceruloplasmin, significantly low levels of hepatic reduced
      glutathione (GSH) were found. Three of these patients showed increased levels of
      oxidized glutathione which in part could account for the missing GSH. These
      changes may result from increased lipid peroxidation due to the rise of
      intracellular copper concentration. Furthermore, WD patients showed a 50%
      decrease in the activity of hepatic GSH S-transferases. From these results we
      conclude that the disturbance in the hepatic glutathione system of patients with
      symptomatic WD may contribute to the perpetuation of liver damage. These
      patients, additionally, may be predisposed to an increased sensitivity to drugs
      interacting with glutathione.

PMID- 4052058
TI  - Nature of nonenzymatically bound hexose in hemoglobin, albumin, and crystallin.
AB  - Glucose incorporated in vitro during nonenzymatic glucosylation into albumin and
      hemoglobin was fully reducible by sodium borohydride unlike native albumin.
      Further, a prior hydrolysis under mild conditions (1 M oxalic acid:2 M HCl, 4 hr)
      was not required for in vitro incorporated glucose to yield maximal color
      intensity in the phenol-sulfuric acid reaction. Glucosyl-albumin, glucosyl
      crystallin, and hemoglobin A1 behaved similarly in this respect. Hexose bound to
      HbA0 which alone showed an enhanced color intensity on prior acid hydrolysis was
      also not easily reduced by sodium borohydride. L-Cysteine (0.023 M) enhanced the
      color yield of glucosyl-hemoglobin, glucosyl-albumin, and glucosyl-crystallin to
      a lesser extent compared to fructose in the phenol-sulfuric acid reaction. Urea
      (6 M) also marginally increased the color intensity of glucosyl proteins and
      fructose.

PMID- 4052059
TI  - The antiarrhythmic action of phosphocreatine in acute myocardial ischemia.
AB  - The mechanism of antiarrhythmic action of phosphocreatine on ischemic myocardium
      was studied by analyses of electrograms from normal and ischemic tissues.
      Ischemia induced significant changes in amplitude, duration, and conduction time
      of the electrograms, thereby showing depolarization of membranes and retarded
      conduction of excitation. Phosphocreatine administered in a single dose, 300
      mg/kg iv, completely eliminated ventricular fibrillations in the ischemic hearts
      and significantly diminished the electrical instability occurring during
      reperfusion. The effects of phosphocreatine were completely reproduced by its
      structural analog phosphocreatine which is inactive in the creatine kinase
      reaction. It is concluded that the antiarrhythmic effect of both compounds is
      related to their specific chemical structure and that their specific effect is
      likely to be mediated via interaction with a sarcolemma site.

PMID- 4052060
TI  - Plasma lipoprotein levels and in vitro cholesterol synthesis by cells in human
      blood.
AB  - This study has measured plasma lipoprotein lipid levels and the in vitro rate of
      cholesterol synthesis from [2(-14)C]acetate by mononuclear leukocytes in blood
      from normolipidemic subjects and two patients with Tangier disease. The rate of
      cholesterol synthesis in blood was related inversely to plasma levels of HDL
      cholesterol in the normolipidemic subjects. This relationship was mainly due to a
      similar correlation in the women. The rate of blood cholesterol synthesis was
      raised in a woman with Tangier disease, which is consistent with the above
      correlation, but not in a man with this disease. We suggest that this correlation
      reflects an association between plasma HDL cholesterol levels and whole-body
      sterol synthesis.

PMID- 4052062
TI  - Urinary excretion of modified purines and nucleosides in immunodeficient
      children.
AB  - Studies have been carried out using an XAD-4 resin and ion-exchange
      chromatography for determination of urinary purines and nucleosides in seven
      children with severe combined immunodeficiency and in six normal children. These
      studies have included analyses for five methylated purines or nucleosides
      produced by catabolism of nucleic acids. The following compounds have been
      quantitatively determined: 1-methyladenosine, 1-methylinosine, 1-methylguanosine,
      1-methylguanine, 3-methylcytidine, adenosine, methylthioadenosine sulfoxide,
      cytidine, and deoxycytidine. 1-Methyladenosine and 1-methylinosine were most
      consistently elevated in the urine of immunodeficient children.
      Methylthioadenosine sulfoxide was very markedly increased in urine of two of the
      immunodeficient children while more moderate increases were noted with a number
      of other nucleosides. The germ-free child with severe combined immunodeficiency
      showed consistently lower excretion levels of these compounds when compared to
      normal children.

PMID- 4052061
TI  - Plasma lipoproteins affect platelet malondialdehyde and thromboxane B2
      production.
AB  - Platelet interaction with plasma lipoproteins was studied using gel-filtered
      platelets free of plasma constituents and purified lipoproteins. On incubation of
      gel-filtered platelets with plasma lipoproteins at 30 degrees C for 30 min, 100
      micrograms of protein/ml of very-low as well as low-density lipoprotein caused
      10% increment in platelet aggregation and [14C]serotonin release in parallel to
      elevation of around 15% of malondialdehyde and thromboxane B2 production. High
      density lipoprotein showed the opposite effect and reduced platelet aggregation
      as well as thromboxane B2 synthesis by 17 and 32%, respectively. Lipoprotein
      deficient plasma enhanced platelet function. Preincubation of the platelet
      suspension with prostacyclin did not prevent the effect of the lipoproteins on
      the in vitro platelet response as well as on the platelet prostaglandin pathway.
      Our results suggest that the formation of thromboxane B2 and malondialdehyde is
      influenced by plasma lipoproteins and that these, in turn, affect platelet
      aggregation and the release reaction. The possible significance of these results
      to platelet function in hyperlipidemic patients is discussed.

PMID- 4052063
TI  - Effect of iron deficiency on energy conservation in rat liver and skeletal muscle
      submitochondrial particles.
AB  - Submitochondrial particles prepared from liver and skeletal muscle of control and
      iron-deficient rats were examined for cytochrome content and for both energy
      independent and energy-conserving functions. Liver submitochondrial particles
      appear quite resistant to iron deficiency with cytochrome content and electron
      transferring or energy-conserving functions maintained at a level of 85% or
      better of normal. Iron-deficient skeletal muscle submitochondrial particles, in
      contrast, have decreased cytochrome content and only 15-20% of the normal
      capacity for oxidation through either complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) or complex
      II (succinate dehydrogenase). Energy-linked reactions which involve substrate
      oxidation/reduction (succinate----NAD+ reversed electron flow and succinate
      driven energy-dependent transhydrogenation) are likewise markedly decreased,
      while ATP-driven energy-dependent transhydrogenation and mitochondrial ATPase are
      normal. Our data support the concept that iron deficiency leads to decreased
      electron-carrying capacity of iron-containing mitochondrial enzymes, with
      skeletal muscle being much more susceptible than liver, but that the mitochondria
      are otherwise normal with regard to energy conservation.

PMID- 4052065
TI  - Ester-exchange catalyzed by lipase modified with polyethylene glycol.
AB  - Lipoprotein lipase was modified with 2,4-bis(O-methoxypolyethylene glycol)-6
      chloro-s-triazine; forty-six percent out of seven amino groups in the molecule
      were substituted. The modified lipase catalyzed ester-exchange reactions between
      an ester and an alcohol, between an ester and an acid, and between two esters.
      The modified enzyme catalyzed these reactions not only in organic solvents, but
      also in straight hydrophobic substrates. As the modified enzyme was extremely
      stable at elevated temperature, for example at 70 degrees C, this can find many
      practical applications.

PMID- 4052064
TI  - Heat-shock treatment lethal for mammalian cells deprived of glucose and
      glutamine: protection by alpha-keto acids.
AB  - Nil and Nilpy hamster cells exposed to temperatures of 44 degrees C to induce the
      heat-shock proteins survive such exposure for 2 h or more when incubated in
      Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium with 10% undialyzed fetal calf serum. If D
      glucose and L-glutamine are withdrawn from the medium during heat treatment,
      nearly all the cells are killed by as little as 20 min at 44 degrees C. Several
      alpha-keto acids, pyruvate, alpha-ketobutyrate, oxaloacetate, and alpha
      ketoglutarate, protect cells from the lethal action of the heat treatment in the
      absence of D-glucose and L-glutamine. L-Glucose and D-glutamine are without
      effect. Efforts to reverse lethal effects have not been successful.

PMID- 4052066
TI  - Replacement of methoxatin by 4,7-phenanthroline-5,6-dione and the inability of
      other phenanthroline quinones, as well as 7,9-di-decarboxy methoxatin, to serve
      as cofactors for the methoxatin-requiring glucose dehydrogenase of Acinetobacter
      calcoaceticus.
AB  - Glucose dehydrogenase from A. calcoaceticus has been dissociated into apoenzyme
      and methoxatin coenzyme, and enzyme activity restored by replacing coenzyme with
      4,7-phenanthroline-5,6-dione but not with 1,10- nor 1,7-phenanthroline-5,6-diones
      nor with 7,9-decarboxy methoxatin.

PMID- 4052067
TI  - Inhibition of liver lipase in vivo leads to induction of de novo cholesterol
      synthesis in rat liver.
AB  - Rats were injected with control-gamma-globulins or anti-liverlipase. The anti
      liverlipase treatment resulted in a 69-78% inhibition of the salt-resistant
      lipase activity (liver lipase) in the liver. De novo cholesterol synthesis was
      significantly higher in slices of livers from anti-liverlipase treated rats than
      from control-gamma-globulin injected rats. The anti-liverlipase treatment also
      affected all plasma lipoprotein fractions. If the rats had been fed a
      cholestyramine containing diet no effect of anti-liverlipase on cholesterol
      synthesis was found. In these rats the effects on plasma lipoprotein fractions
      were more pronounced than in the control fed rats.

PMID- 4052068
TI  - Comparison of human and bovine brain derived heparin-binding growth factors.
AB  - Two growth factors have been purified to homogeneity from human brain using
      heparin affinity chromatography. They have apparent molecular weights of 17 Kd
      and 18 Kd. Their amino acid compositions differ, but are similar to those of the
      two heparin-binding growth factors present in bovine neural tissue. These results
      suggest that the heparin-binding growth factors in neural tissue can be grouped
      into two distinct classes.

PMID- 4052069
TI  - High acyl-CoA cholesterol acyl transferase activity in fetal rabbit aorta:
      evidence for the presence of stimulating factor(s) in amniotic fluid.
AB  - The activity of Acyl CoA-cholesterol acyl transferase was markedly high in fetal
      aortas when compared to maternal and adult male rabbits. This activity dropped by
      50% at 1 week of age. This high activity in fetal aorta a) did not appear to be
      due to changes in plasma cholesterol levels or to the later development of
      endogenous inhibitor in the aorta, but rather b) due to stimulatory factor(s)
      present in amniotic fluid.

PMID- 4052070
TI  - Stimulating effect of phosphatidic acid on autophosphorylation of phosphorylase
      kinase.
AB  - Autophosphorylation of phosphorylase kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle was
      stimulated by acidic phospholipids such as phosphatidic acid (PA),
      phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidyl-serine. PA stimulated an initial velocity
      of autophosphorylation 3.8-fold. When fully autophosphorylated, about 11 mol of
      phosphate per tetramer (alpha beta gamma delta) were incorporated in the presence
      of PA and about 6.5 mol in the absence of PA. In the presence of PA (100
      micrograms/ml), there was a concomitant enhancement of its kinase activity about
      25-fold at pH 6.8. PA (100 micrograms/ml) sharply decreased an apparent Ka for
      Ca2+ on autophosphorylation from 4.0 X 10(-5) M to 1.0 X 10(-6) M. Available
      evidence indicates that the Ca2+-activated, PA-dependent autophosphorylation of
      phosphorylase kinase shows an ability to stimulate glycogen breakdown.

PMID- 4052071
TI  - Testicular lipogenic enzymes--direct effects of dexamethasone in vivo.
AB  - Specific activities of NADP-Isocitrate dehydrogenase, ATP-citrate lyase, Malate
      dehydrogenase and Malic enzyme were studied in dexamethasone injected and
      adrenalectomized prepubertal and adult rat testis. 30 days after adrenalectomy
      the specific activity of NADP-Isocitrate dehydrogenase increased but the specific
      activities of the other three enzymes decreased in both age groups. An opposite
      effect was observed after dexamethasone injection to intact animals. The changes
      observed in the specific activities of enzymes of adrenalectomized and
      dexamethasone treated animals reverted back to normal after dexamethasone
      replacement and withdrawal, respectively in adult animals. However, dexamethasone
      injected intact prepubertal animals did not revert back to normal after the
      hormone withdrawal.

PMID- 4052072
TI  - The effect of 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid on the proliferation of granulocyte
      progenitors and embryonic fibroblasts of the chick.
AB  - The clonal proliferation of chicken granulocytic progenitors was inhibited 5-20
      fold by the eicosanoid, 5-HETE, at 1.0 microM. Inhibition occurred at the lowest
      concentration measured (0.12 microM). This compound at 0.6 to 1.0 microM also
      inhibited the clonal proliferation of chick embryo fibroblasts by as much as 10
      fold.

PMID- 4052073
TI  - Biosynthesis of Lewis antigenic glycolipid by cell-free extracts of human
      intestinal tumor cells cultured in serum-free medium.
AB  - Extracts of the human intestinal tumor cell line SW1116 were able to stimulate
      the incorporation of (14C) fucose from GDP-(14C) fucose into organically soluble
      glycolipid. The reaction required a purified glycolipid preparation from human
      meconium as lipid acceptor. The active glycolipid co-migrated with standard
      globoside on high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and had molecular
      species (M + H) under fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry of 1199, 1245 and
      1269. Globoside itself was inactive and asialo GM1b had low activity. The
      radioactive products co-purified with Lewis a and Lewis b and co-migrated
      principally (60-90%) with Lewis b monoclonal antibody binding cellular
      glycolipids on HPTLC. Analysis of fucosidase digests suggested the presence of
      two different fucosyl-hexose linkages one of which was susceptible to cleavage.
      We conclude that the data are consistent with fucosylation of lactotetraosyl
      ceramide to Lewis a and Lewis b antigenic glycolipids.

PMID- 4052074
TI  - Evidence that tamoxifen is a histamine antagonist.
AB  - Recently we reported that both the triphenylethylene antiestrogen tamoxifen, and
      the novel compound N,N-diethyl-2-[(4 phenylmethyl)-phenoxy]-ethanamine. HCl
      (DPPE), which is selective for the antiestrogen binding site, may be histamine
      antagonists and have suggested that the antiestrogen binding site may be a growth
      promoting histamine receptor different from H1 and H2 (?H3). We now show that
      along with established H1-antagonists, tamoxifen and DPPE specifically block the
      histamine-induced (H1) contraction of canine tracheal smooth muscle in the order:
      pyrilamine = hydroxyzine greater than tamoxifen = 4-hydroxytamoxifen greater than
      DPPE. The H1-antagonist hydroxyzine, which competes about equally with DPPE for
      the antiestrogen binding site, is up to 10(3) times stronger than DPPE in
      blocking histamine-induced muscle contraction. This shows that H1 antagonism is
      distinct from binding to the antiestrogen binding site and suggests that if the
      latter is a histamine receptor, it is not H1; presumably tamoxifen and DPPE
      compete for this novel site in addition to, and with greater affinity than, H1.

PMID- 4052075
TI  - Phosphocitrate inhibition of 45Ca2+ uptake in rat aortic smooth muscle cells in
      primary culture.
AB  - Phosphocitrate inhibits 45Ca2+ uptake by rat aortic smooth muscle cells in
      primary culture. Unlike the Ca2+ channel blocking effect of diltiazem, the
      phosphocitrate effect is neither time dependent nor reliant on a depolarized
      membrane. Phosphocitrate and diltiazem together in maximum inhibitory
      concentration show an additive effect. The data suggest that different Ca2+
      uptake mechanisms are involved. The potential exists for phosphocitrate to have a
      therapeutic role in atherogenesis through modulating Ca2+ movements in arterial
      smooth muscle.

PMID- 4052076
TI  - Human lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptors reside mainly in the cytoplasm.
AB  - Karyoplasts prepared from human lymphocytes by treatment with cytochalasin B or
      lymphocytes permeabilized with digitonin contain only 25-40% of the total
      cellular glucocorticoid binding activity. The presented results thus support the
      original concept that unfilled steroid hormone receptors are mainly cytoplasmic.

PMID- 4052077
TI  - Oxidation of reduced pyridine nucleotides by plasma membranes of soybean
      hypocotyl.
AB  - Highly purified plasma membranes isolated from soybean hypocotyls by free-flow
      electrophoresis or by a two-phase polymer separation system oxidize reduced
      pyridine nucleotides, NADH or NADPH, at rates of 2-5 nanomoles/mg protein/min.
      These rates are not influenced by mitochondrial inhibitors or by inhibitors of
      the alternate respiratory pathway. The NADH oxidase has a Km of 200 microM NADH.
      The enzyme activity is stimulated by Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. The function of this
      enzyme is unknown at present, but it may represent a redox-controlled proton pump
      linked to acidification.

PMID- 4052078
TI  - Stabilising action of carnitine on energy linked processes in rat liver
      mitochondria.
AB  - Rat liver mitochondria exposed to stressing conditions - ageing at room
      temperature, incubation in the presence of t-butyl hydroperoxide or damaging
      concentrations of Ca2+ and phosphate- undergo a rapid fall in their membrane
      potential (delta psi) with a concomitant release of endogenous Mg2+ and
      accumulated Ca2+. Addition of L-carnitine to the incubation medium considerably
      delays mitochondrial deenergization. A similar, though lower, protection has also
      been observed in L-carnitine pretreated and subsequently washed rat liver
      mitochondria. Furthermore mitochondria isolated from livers of starved rats,
      treated with L-carnitine 30 minutes before death and exposed to the same
      stressing conditions show similar delay in the decrease of delta psi and
      concurrent energy linked processes as compared with untreated animals. Both the
      in vitro and in vivo results strongly indicate that the stabilising action of L
      carnitine on liver mitochondria is due to the removal of membrane bound long
      chain acyl CoA.

PMID- 4052079
TI  - Simplification of 1H NMR spectra of proteins by one-dimensional multiple quantum
      filtration.
AB  - The use of multiple quantum filters for simplification and editing of one
      dimensional 1H NMR spectra of proteins is demonstrated. Three, four and five
      quantum-filtered spectra have been recorded. The technique is applicable to
      proteins of molecular weight up to at least 18,000. Examples obtained for a
      mixture of amino acids and for the proteins plastocyanin and myoglobin are
      reported. A remarkable degree of spectral editing can be achieved by judicious
      choice of experimental parameters.

PMID- 4052080
TI  - Phospholipase C mimics tumor promoter-induced chemiluminescence in murine
      epidermal cells.
AB  - Treatment of newborn murine epidermal cells with phospholipase C results in the
      generation of a chemiluminescence response similar to that previously described
      for phorbol ester tumor promoters. Based on inhibitor studies, the oxidant,
      believed to be superoxide anion, is most likely generated from lipoxygenase
      metabolism of arachidonic acid. The specificity of the response to phospholipase
      C from C. perfringens and not from B. cereus or phospholipase A2 suggests
      specific phospholipids are involved. The response observed appears to arise from
      the phospholipid-protein kinase c model for phorbol ester binding and activity.

PMID- 4052081
TI  - Rat brain and heart muscarinic receptors: modification with tetranitromethane.
AB  - Tetranitromethane at a concentration of 50 microM modifies the muscarinic
      receptors in membrane preparations from rat striatum, hippocampus and heart
      atrium, but not from the rat brain stem. While the binding of antagonists is only
      slightly altered, the modified receptor possesses an increased affinity of up to
      8-fold for [3H]-acetylcholine binding to the high affinity state. This effect is
      absent if the nitration is carried out in the presence of an antagonist, but not
      in the presence of an agonist. The affinity for carbamylcholine is increased for
      both the high and the low affinity state of the receptor, as is evident from its
      ability to compete with a labeled antagonist. In addition, the proportion of
      binding sites (alpha) exhibiting the high affinity state for [3H]-acetylcholine
      or for carbamylcholine is increased upon nitration. This increase cannot be
      protected against by an antagonist, and is enhanced when nitration takes place in
      the presence of an agonist. With the agonists oxotremorine and [3H]-oxotremorine
      M only the latter effect (i.e., increase in alpha) is observed following
      nitration, while their dissociation constants for the receptor are unchanged.
      Data are discussed with respect to the proposed existence of subtypes of
      muscarinic receptors, as well as the importance of the agonist chosen for studies
      of ligand-receptor interactions.

PMID- 4052082
TI  - Heterogeneity of molybdate-stabilized, nontransformed glucocorticoid receptor
      from rat liver.
AB  - Nontransformed glucocorticoid receptor stabilized with sodium molybdate exists as
      the heterogeneous forms which have slight differences in net charges and
      sedimentation coefficients. These differences could be detected by sequential
      analyses with DEAE-Sephacel chromatography and glycerol gradient centrifugation.
      The heterogeneity in the nontransformed receptor appears to be caused by the
      association of an acidic component(s) with the transformed receptor.

PMID- 4052083
TI  - Immunochemical examinations of cytochrome P-450 in various tissues of human
      fetuses using antibodies to human fetal cytochrome P-450, P-450 HFLa.
AB  - P-450 HFLa is a form of cytochrome P-450 purified from human fetal livers. The
      amounts of P-450 HFLa in several fetal tissues were determined immunochemically.
      Detectable amounts presented in livers, kidneys, adrenals, lungs and some other
      tissues of human fetuses. The amounts were the highest in livers. Activities of 7
      ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase in livers but not in
      adrenals were inhibited by the anti-P-450 HFLa antibodies, probably suggesting
      that distinct forms of cytochrome P-450 are responsible for the oxidations in
      livers and adrenals.

PMID- 4052084
TI  - Induction of alkaline phosphatase in neutrophilic granulocytes, a marker of cell
      maturity, from bone marrow of normal individuals by retinoic acid.
AB  - We examined whether chemical agents reported to induce differentiation of
      leukemic cells also have differentiating effects on normal human granulocytes
      using alkaline phosphatase activity as a marker. Among 11 compounds examined,
      only vitamin A analogues were shown to induce this activity in granulocytes from
      bone marrow of normal individuals. Retinoic acid was the most potent inducer of
      the activity followed by retinal, whereas retinol and retinol acetate did not
      induce any activity. The effect on the alkaline phosphatase activity by retinoic
      acid and retinal was considered to reflect their effect on normal granulocytic
      differentiation and maturation.

PMID- 4052085
TI  - Leupeptin selectively inhibits human platelet responses induced by thrombin and
      trypsin; a role for proteolytic activation of phospholipase C.
AB  - Thrombin and trypsin induce serotonin release and aggregation in human platelets.
      Both proteases induce activation of phospholipase C as reflected by formation of
      inositol phosphates and phosphorylation of the resultant 1,2-diacylglycerol to
      phosphatidic acid. Also, thrombin and trypsin activate protein kinase C and
      myosin light chain kinase as indicated, respectively, by phosphorylation of the
      40,000 and 20,000 dalton proteins. Leupeptin, a known inhibitor of serine
      proteases, blocks all the observed responses of human platelets to trypsin and
      thrombin. Leupeptin does not inhibit serotonin release and aggregation induced by
      other platelet stimuli such as collagen, platelet-activating factor, ionophore
      A23187, and arachidonic acid. The implication of a proteolytic-mediated pathway
      in the transmembrane signalling involved in platelet activation is discussed.

PMID- 4052086
TI  - Hepatectomy-nephrectomy effects in the pregnant rat and fetus.
AB  - Levels of circulating glucose, glycerol, and FFA concentrations were determined
      before and after hepatectomy-nephrectomy in 20 day pregnant rats and virgin
      controls. After evisceration, blood glucose levels decreased in a parallel way in
      both groups whereas in pregnant rats, the blood glycerol level increased less and
      plasma-FFA rose more than in controls. Maternal evisceration caused reduced blood
      glucose and enhanced glycerol levels in fetuses, whereas fetal plasma-FFA levels
      were unmodified. Results indicate that extrahepatic glucose utilization remained
      stable in the late pregnant rat. Fetal levels of circulating glycerol, but not of
      FFA, appeared directly dependent on maternal levels. It is proposed that under
      normal conditions, glycerol availability to the fetus is low, due to its
      preferential utilization by maternal gluconeogenic organs which reduced the
      amount available for possible placental transfer.

PMID- 4052087
TI  - Survey of calcineurin activity towards nonprotein compounds and identification of
      phosphoenol pyruvate as a substrate.
AB  - Calcineurin, originally identified as a calmodulin-dependent phosphoprotein
      phosphatase (Stewart, A.A. et al. (1982) FEBS Lett. 137, 80-84) also uses p
      nitrophenyl phosphate and phosphotyrosine as substrates (Pallen, C.J. and Wang,
      J.H. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 8550-8553). We have surveyed a wide range of
      nonprotein phosphocompounds and found that several synthetic aryl
      phosphocompounds serve as calcineurin substrates. Among more than 20 naturally
      occurring phosphocompounds tested, only phosphoenol pyruvate possesses
      significant calcineurin substrate activity. The phosphoenol pyruvate phosphatase
      activity is dependent on Ni2+ and Mn2+, is stimulated by calmodulin, and is
      inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to calcineurin, thus indicating that it is an
      intrinsic property of calcineurin. The results suggest that functional roles of
      calcineurin may include actions of the enzyme toward nonprotein phosphocompounds.

PMID- 4052088
TI  - Difference in DNA strand break by gamma- and beta-irradiations: an in vitro
      study.
AB  - Lambda DNA (125 micrograms/ml in Tris buffer, pH 7.4) was irradiated with 60Co
      gamma-rays and 3H beta-rays, respectively, and the number of strand breaks was
      determined by electrophoresis. Number of single-strand breaks increased linearly
      with radiation dose in both gamma- and beta-radiations and the relative
      effectiveness (beta/gamma) was found to be 1.82 in N2 and 1.16 in O2. Number of
      double-strand breaks increased with the square of the radiation dose in gamma
      irradiation, but it increased linearly with radiation dose in beta-irradiation.
      Therefore, the relative effectiveness (beta/gamma) is higher at lower doses. O2
      effects was observed by gamma-irradiation but was minimal after beta-irradiation.

PMID- 4052089
TI  - Diethyl pyrocarbonate, a histidine selective reagent, inhibits estrogen binding
      to receptor protein in rat uterus cytosol.
AB  - We find that at pH 6.1 diethyl pyrocarbonate inhibits estrogen binding to its
      receptor protein in rat uterus. Hydroxylamine partially reverses this inhibition
      and estrogen partially protects its receptor protein from this inhibition. We
      suggest that the estrogen receptor protein in rat uterus contains a nucleophilic
      site that either overlaps or is near the estrogen binding site. Based on the pH
      of inhibition reaction, the receptor concentration in the experiment, and the
      partial reversal of the inhibition by hydroxylamine, we suggest that this site
      contains a histidine residue or possibly an unusually reactive tyrosine residue
      that is important for estrogen binding.

PMID- 4052090
TI  - Carnitine metabolism in livers and hearts of 48h-starved rats: the contribution
      of fat and carbohydrate to acylcarnitine formation.
AB  - The work investigated the effects of administration of 2-tetradecylglycidate
      (TDG), an inhibitor of mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation, alone or in
      combination with glucose, on concentrations of free and acylated carnitine in
      livers and hearts of 48 h-starved rats. The only significant effect of TDG in the
      heart was to decrease [short-chain acylcarnitine]. This demonstrates that in
      heart, fat oxidation is linked to the formation of short-chain acylcarnitine.
      Cardiac [short-chain acylcarnitine] was not significantly decreased by TDG if the
      rats were also administered glucose, suggesting that acyl CoA derived from
      glucose may be used for short-chain acylcarnitine formation in TDG-treated rats.
      TDG significantly decreased in [free carnitine]. No changes in [short-chain
      acylcarnitine] were observed. This indicates that formation of short-chain
      acylcarnitine in liver is not determined by the rates of fat oxidation. It was
      calculated that at least 63% of the acyl-groups esterified to carnitine were
      generated by intramitochondrial beta-oxidation. The effects of glucose and TDG on
      hepatic concentrations of free and long-chain acylcarnitine were additive,
      suggesting that extramitochondrial fat oxidation can contribute to acylcarnitine
      formation in liver.

PMID- 4052091
TI  - Effect of rifampicin on the biological activity of tubulin.
AB  - The effect of rifampicin on the biological properties of bovine brain tubulin was
      investigated. Assembly of microtubules was almost completely blocked by
      rifampicin, whereas the depolymerization was not affected. The drug was found to
      inhibit both colchicine and GTP binding to tubulin. Association of rifampicin
      with tubulin was confirmed by spectrophotometric method. Binding of rifampicin
      was found to be dependent both on temperature and time. At 0 degrees for 1 hr
      0.84 moles of rifampicin were bound per mole of tubulin.

PMID- 4052092
TI  - A component of genetic variation among mice in activity of transmembrane
      methyltransferase I determined by the H-2 region.
AB  - The effects of the mouse major histocompatibility complex, H-2, on phospholipid
      methyltransferase I and II activities were investigated on hepatocyte membranes
      from inbred, congenic and recombinant strains. Each methyltransferase was assayed
      individually by measuring the incorporation of radiolabel from S-adenosyl-L
      [methyl-3H]methionine into endogenous phospholipids. Our results indicate that H
      2 exerted a significant effect on methyltransferase I but not on
      methyltransferase II activity. Thus, as in lower eukaryotes, two distinct enzymes
      were involved in methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to
      phosphatidylcholine (PC). In addition, this effect was localized to the K end of
      the major histocompatibility complex by the use of recombinant haplotypes.

PMID- 4052093
TI  - Uptake of trimethoprim by renal cortex.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanisms involved in the uptake of
      the urinary antibacterial drug trimethoprim by incubated slices of rat renal
      cortex. Concentration-dependent studies of the uptake process demonstrated that a
      saturable component was involved. The results of inhibitor studies as well as the
      time-course pattern support the conclusion that at least two processes are
      involved in the uptake of trimethoprim. These include active transport via the
      organic cation system, accounting for about 40% of the total uptake, and a second
      component that continues to operate under conditions of inhibited cellular
      metabolism. Chromatographic examination of post-incubation bathing medium and
      slice extracts failed to demonstrate renal cortex metabolism of trimethoprim.

PMID- 4052095
TI  - In vivo and in vitro inhibition of human histidine decarboxylase by (S)-alpha
      fluoromethylhistidine.
AB  - Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity in Ficoll-Hypaque purified human
      peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) was determined by measuring the formation of
      [3H]histamine from L-[3H]histidine. HDC activity was inhibited in vitro to more
      than 90% by (S)-alpha-fluoromethylhistidine (alpha-FMH) at concentrations of 10(
      5) M and above. Both polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells possessed HDC
      activity, but on a per cell basis the former had several-fold higher enzyme
      activity than the latter. In safety and tolerability studies, alpha-FMH was
      administered orally to healthy human subjects twice daily for 7 days at doses of
      2.5, 10, 50 and 100 mg per person. A dose-dependent inhibition of HDC activity
      was observed in PBL that were isolated both at 12 hr after administration of the
      first dose of alpha-FMH and after treatment for 1 week. At the 50 and 100 mg
      doses of alpha-FMH, there was complete inhibition of HDC activity and partial
      inhibition at the 10 mg dose. Twenty-four hours after the last dose, HDC activity
      had recovered to 64-100%, 44-46%, and 30-52% of control values in subjects that
      received 10, 50 and 100 mg alpha-FMH respectively.

PMID- 4052094
TI  - 1,4-Bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene (TCPOBOP) and related compounds as
      inducers of hepatic monooxygenases. Structure-activity effects.
AB  - 1,4-Bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene (TCPOBOP) resembles phenobarbital (PB)
      in its mode of induction of the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in mice. The
      structural features of this molecule include: a linear tricyclic aromatic ether
      ring system, an internal 1,4-disubstituted benzene ring and two 3,5
      dichloropyridyloxy substituents. Ten analogs of TCPOBOP have been synthesized and
      their activities as microsomal enzyme inducers evaluated. Dose-response induction
      of mice hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450, aldrin epoxidase and
      dimethylaminoantipyrine N-demethylase gave ED50 values for TCPOBOP and five
      homologs. The results illustrate that changes in the structure of the pyridyloxy
      ring markedly affect enzyme induction activity. The order of activity for the
      substituents was 3,5-dibromopyridyloxy approximately 3,5-dichloropyridyloxy
      greater than 5-bromopyridyloxy approximately 5-chloropyridyloxy greater than 3
      chloropyridyloxy greater than pyridyloxy. In addition, the effects of altered
      substitution pattern of the benzene ring and structural alterations of the
      internal ring moiety were evaluated by measuring hepatic microsomal coumarin
      hydroxylase activity. The results confirm the microsomal monooxygenase enzyme
      induction activity of TCPOBOP, and the observed structure-dependent potencies of
      several related homologs support a receptor-mediated mechanism of action for the
      process.

PMID- 4052096
TI  - Stimulation of pheomelanogenesis in cultured B16 melanoma cells by 4-tertiary
      butylcatechol.
AB  - Intermediates of pheomelanin in tissue cultured B16 melanoma cells were analyzed
      by high performance liquid chromatography, and reduced glutathione (GSH), L-dopa,
      2-[(L)-S-cysteinyl]-L-dopa (2-SCD) and 5-[(L)-S-cysteinyl]-L-dopa (5-SCD) were
      quantified. The effects of 4-tertiary butylcatechol (TBC), an antioxidant which
      causes skin depigmentation, on the levels of the intermediate were then examined.
      A concentration of 10(-4) M TBC increased the intracellular levels of GSH, 2-SCD
      and 5-SCD, whereas the L-dopa level was unchanged. The time-course of the
      increased intermediates corresponded to the elevation of glutathione-metabolizing
      enzyme activities previously reported by Kawashima et al. [J. invest. Derm. 82,
      53 (1984)] in the same cell line exposed to 10(-4) M TBC. The findings establish
      chemical evidence that TBC stimulates pheomelanogenesis in melanocytes.

PMID- 4052097
TI  - Sex differences in the effects of microsomal enzyme inducers on hepatic phase I
      drug metabolism in the rat.
AB  - This study investigates the sex-dependence of the effects of microsomal enzyme
      inducers (phenobarbitone, isosafrole and ethanol) on the hepatic phase I
      metabolism of lignocaine and imipramine. It is shown that all of the inducers
      exert sex-dependent effects on the enzymes activities known to be sex related in
      the rat, e.g. lignocaine N-deethylase activity is decreased by phenobarbitone
      pretreatment in the male but increased by the same treatment in the female. The
      inducers tend to decrease the sex differences seen in untreated animals. Ethanol
      may give this effect by its action of decreasing serum testosterone levels but
      the mechanism of action of the other compounds is uncertain. It is possible that
      the sex-dependent cytochrome P-450 species are selectively sensitive to the
      action of the compounds in terms of induction, repression or inhibition. It is
      clear, however, that the effects of the pretreatments are related to the sex
      differences in phase I metabolism in the rat.

PMID- 4052098
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against human liver cytochrome P-450.
AB  - Monoclonal hybridomas which produce antibodies against human liver microsomal
      cytochrome P-450 were developed. Three similar hybridomas produced antibodies
      which recognized an epitope specific to a family of human P-450 isozymes (P
      450(5)). This epitope was also present on cytochrome P-450 PCN-E (pregnenolone-16
      alpha-carbonitrile induced) from rat liver microsomes, but this isozyme differed
      from the human P-450(5) by its molecular weight. These antibodies enabled us to
      quantify cytochrome P-450(5) in human liver microsomes and to demonstrate an
      important quantitative polymorphism in the human liver monooxygenase system.

PMID- 4052099
TI  - Phase 1 and Phase 2 drug metabolism in isolated epidermal cells from adult
      hairless mice and in whole human hair follicles.
AB  - A sensitive fluorimetric assay to determine both Phase 1 (oxidation) and Phase 2
      (conjugation) drug metabolism in epidermal cells isolated from hairless mice,
      using ethoxycoumarin as a model substrate, is described. Ethoxycoumarin was
      metabolized by isolated epidermal cells via dealkylation to 7-hydroxycoumarin (7
      OHC) and subsequent conjugation. Phase 1 metabolites were extracted in ether from
      the aqueous incubation media, back extracted into sodium hydroxide and determined
      fluorimetrically. Conjugated metabolites remaining in the aqueous phase were
      hydrolysed by the action of beta-glucuronidase and extracted and determined in a
      similar manner. The production of free 7-OHC by isolated epidermal cells was
      biphasic at all substrate concentrations tested, exhibiting an initial linear
      increase followed by a plateau phase. The plateau phase was attributable to the
      conjugation of 7-OHC produced in situ. Metabolism was inhibited by SKF 525A,
      carbon monoxide, and alpha-naphthoflavone. Endogenous supplies of reducing
      equivalents in the form of NADPH were adequate to attain maximal rates of
      metabolism. With human hair follicles both Phase 1 and Phase 2 activity was
      detectable in 7 out of 11 subjects. The assay has the advantages of being
      sensitive, producing single defined metabolites from both Phase 1 and Phase 2
      metabolism; is readily adaptable to human skin samples.

PMID- 4052100
TI  - Effect of an antimitotic agent (cyclophosphamide) on post-heparin plasma
      lipoprotein lipase activity in rabbit.

PMID- 4052101
TI  - Involvement of catechol-O-methyl transferase in the metabolism of the putative
      dopamine autoreceptor agonist 3-PPP(3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-n-propylpiperidine).

PMID- 4052102
TI  - Activity of benzimidazole carbamates against L1210 mouse leukaemia cells:
      correlation with in vitro tubulin polymerization assay.

PMID- 4052103
TI  - Reactivation of ethyl methylphosphonylated eel acetylcholinesterase in vitro by
      2PAM, H16, and a series of nonquaternary alpha-ketothiohydroximates.

PMID- 4052104
TI  - Molecular size of [3H]WB-4101-binding sites in rat cortex as determined by
      radiation inactivation.
AB  - The molecular weight of the [3H]WB-4101-binding sites in rat cerebral cortex was
      estimated by the irradiation-inactivation technique. The molecular weight was
      found to be dependent on the assay concentrations of the radioligand in the
      binding assay. Assays with a [3H]WB-4101 concentration of 0.25 nM showed a
      molecular weight of 62,100 daltons and 5.1 nM showed 50,800 daltons. Scatchard
      transformation of the [3H]WB-4101-binding data shows two binding sites (high
      affinity: KD = 0.09 nM, Bmax = 9.1 pmoles/g; low-affinity: KD = 20 nM, Bmax = 80
      pmoles/g). It is suggested that the two binding exist at two distinct molecules
      and in that case the observed molecular weights of 62,100 and 50,800 daltons are
      not true values because the determinations are carried out on a mixture of the
      two molecule populations. The distribution of the two binding sites was
      calculated for the two radioligand concentrations, 0.25 nM and 5.1 nM; and on
      this background the "true" molecular weights of the two [3H]WB-4101-binding sites
      were estimated to be 68,300 daltons for the high-affinity molecule and 41,400
      daltons for the low-affinity molecule. Competition studies with a variety of
      adrenergic agonists and antagonists against [3H]WB-4101 supported the hypothesis
      that only the high-affinity binding site is an alpha-1-adrenoceptor.

PMID- 4052105
TI  - Methionine-cysteine deficiency and alkylation of DNA in liver, kidney and lung of
      mice administered dimethylnitrosamine.
AB  - The effect of methionine-cysteine deficiency on the methylation of DNA purines by
      dimethylnitrosamine metabolites was studied in subadult and adult mice. In liver,
      no dietary effect on the specific methylation of 7-methylguanine was observed,
      while that of 3-methyladenine decreased in the adult animals. The specific
      methylation of guanine in the 0(6)-position and the ratio of 0(6)-methylguanine
      to 7-methylguanine increased significantly after methionine-cysteine deficiency.
      Methylation in kidney decreased in subadult but increased in adult mice. In lung,
      the amount of 7-methylguanine was significantly elevated after methionine
      cysteine deficiency in both the subadult and adult mice. The results demonstrate
      an increase in the specific methylation in liver of guanine in the 0(6)-position
      by the methionine-cysteine deficient diet, together with differences in the
      methylation pattern between organs of the two age groups.

PMID- 4052106
TI  - Gamma-glutamylcysteine: a substrate for glutathione S-transferases.
AB  - A new high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the separation of
      gamma-glutamylcysteine (GC) from glutathione (GSH) following derivatization with
      1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) was developed using a Vydac C18 column and an
      acetonitrile-trifluoroacetic acid gradient. When the derivatization of GC, GSH,
      cysteine, and cysteinylglycine was performed with GSH S-transferase, peak heights
      for the GC and GSH derivatives were accentuated markedly, suggesting that GC,
      like GSH, is an enzyme substrate. Subsequently, GC was found to be a substrate
      for five purified forms of rat hepatic GSH S-transferase. However, the Km for GC
      was about 6-20 times higher than that for GSH. GSH was a competitive inhibitor of
      GC-CDNB conjugation, indicating that GC and GSH share the same binding site on
      the transferase. However, endogenous hepatic GC content in fed rats was only 5.8
      +/- 0.1 nmoles/g, three orders of magnitude lower than GSH. Thus, under normal
      circumstances, GC would not be expected to contribute to detoxification reactions
      catalyzed by the GSH S-transferases. Its weak interaction with the GSH site of
      the GSH S-transferases supports the role of the glycine moiety of GSH in
      enhancing this interaction.

PMID- 4052107
TI  - Dissimilar actions of 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine in Chinese hamster ovary
      cells.
AB  - The actions of 6-thioguanine (TG) and 6-mercaptopurine (MP) were compared in
      Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Several differences were noted between these
      two agents. TG caused a greater maximal loss of clonogenicity, leaving about one
      log fewer survivors than did MP, although the cells killed by MP appeared to
      succumb much more rapidly than those killed by TG. MP-treated populations
      experienced a G1 or G1/S arrest which was quickly reversed upon drug removal,
      while TG-treated cells were arrested in late S/G2, after some delay. Although TG
      induced a gross chromosome deformation [unilateral chromatid damage, as described
      earlier in Maybaum and Mandel, Cancer Res. 43, 3852 (1983)] MP caused little or
      no such deformation. Addition of 4-amino-5-imidazolecarboxamide (AIC) to MP
      treatments antagonized MP-induced loss of clonogenicity, while AIC caused a dose
      dependent potentiation of TG-induced loss of clonogenicity. The interaction
      between TG and AIC does not seem to represent an increase in either purine
      starvation or incorporation of TG into DNA, suggesting that a third mechanism is
      involved. We suggest that this additional mechanism may possibly be related to
      the induction of differentiation by TG that has been reported in other systems.

PMID- 4052108
TI  - Quantitative assessment of the polysome profile of the livers of mice treated
      with tetracycline or doxycycline.
AB  - The influence of tetracycline and doxycycline (10-100 micrograms/g i.v.) on the
      aggregational state of ribosomes from mouse liver was tested. Both drugs caused a
      disaggregation of the ribosomes as evidenced by a rise of the monosomes +
      disomes/polysomes ratio. Tetracycline was much more potent than doxycycline, the
      minimum effective doses for tetracycline being 10 micrograms/g i.v. as compared
      to 100 micrograms/g for doxycycline. The results show that tetracycline but not
      doxycycline at therapeutic dose range may interfere with the protein synthesis of
      the liver.

PMID- 4052109
TI  - A direct, sensitive microassay for mammalian histidine decarboxylase.
AB  - A microassay procedure for mammalian histidine decarboxylase based on the
      conversion of L-[3H]histidine to [3H]histamine, which were separated by an
      alkaline butanol extraction followed by thin-layer chromatography, is described.
      This assay is direct and simple to perform, in addition to being very sensitive
      and reproducible. It is useful for tissues containing high levels of endogenous
      histamine, because only newly formed radiolabeled histamine is measured. This
      report includes information on histidine decarboxylase activity at various pH
      levels, in different buffers, and in the presence of selected histamine active
      drugs. In addition, it describes histidine decarboxylase activity in several
      fetal rat tissues.

PMID- 4052110
TI  - On the role of thiol groups in the inhibition of liver microsomal Ca2+
      sequestration by toxic agents.
AB  - ATP-dependent Ca2+ sequestration by rat liver microsomes was assayed using three
      different methods, and characterized with regard to the effect of various
      inhibitors. When glucose and hexokinase were added in combination to deplete ATP
      in the incubation, Ca2+ uptake was followed by rapid release of Ca2+ from the
      microsomes. Ca2+ sequestration was inhibited by reagents that cause alkylation
      (e.g. p-chloromercuribenzoate) or oxidation (e.g. diamide) of protein sulfhydryl
      groups. Moreover, pretreatment of the microsomes with cystamine, which causes
      formation of mixed disulfides with protein thiols, also resulted in the
      inhibition of Ca2+ sequestration. It is concluded that microsomal Ca2+
      sequestration is critically dependent on protein sulfhydryl groups, and that
      modification of protein thiols may be an important mechanism for the inhibition
      of microsomal Ca2+ sequestration by a variety of toxic agents.

PMID- 4052111
TI  - Acetaminophen metabolism by the perfused rat liver twelve hours after
      acetaminophen overdose.
AB  - The effect of a toxic dose of acetaminophen on the hepatic conjugations of
      acetaminophen was studied in single pass perfused livers from rats given
      acetaminophen overdose 12 hr prior to perfusion and from control rats. Four
      different acetaminophen concentrations (0.1-6 mmol/1) were used in each
      perfusion. Glucuronidation of acetaminophen was increased and sulfation of
      acetaminophen occurred at an unchanged rate in acetaminophen damaged livers as
      compared to control livers. Hepatic glutathione concentrations declined to about
      0.4 mumol/g liver during perfusion, possibly due to excretion of glutathione to
      perfusion medium, but in spite of this the formation of glutathione conjugates
      was increased with acetaminophen concentrations increasing up to about 5 mmol. We
      conclude that decreased sulfation, glucuronidation and glutathione conjugation in
      the liver is not present in the early development of acetaminophen-induced
      hepatic damage.

PMID- 4052112
TI  - Differential regulation of hepatic glutathione transferase and glutathione
      peroxidase activities in the rat.
AB  - The effects of the xenobiotics, i.e. butylated hydroxytoluene, beta
      naphthoflavone, isosafrole, pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile, trans-stilbene
      oxide, 3-methylcholanthrene, phenobarbital, 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl,
      2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl, on rat liver cytosolic glutathione transferase
      and glutathione peroxidase activities have been investigated. Although the
      glutathione transferase isozymes (measured by the specific substrates ethacrynic
      acid and delta 5-androstene-3,17-dione) which have been shown to possess
      peroxidase activity were significantly increased, little or no increase in
      peroxidase activity (toward cumene hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide or
      hydrogen peroxide) was observed. Likewise during a 16-day time course following
      the administration of Aroclor 1254 or fireMaster BP-6 (each 500 mg/kg, i.p.),
      potent induction of glutathione transferase activities was seen without any
      significant increases in peroxidase activities. In fact during the second week of
      the time course, there were significant decreases in selenium-dependent
      glutathione peroxidase activity (toward hydrogen peroxide). The inverse
      regulation of these activities, i.e. the depression of selenium-dependent
      glutathione peroxidase activity following sustained induction of glutathione
      transferases, may have direct implications for the toxicity of the
      polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons.

PMID- 4052113
TI  - Taurine effects on the transition temperature in Arrhenius plots of ATP-dependent
      calcium ion uptake in rat retinal membrane preparations.
AB  - The transition temperatures calculated from Arrhenius plots of ATP-dependent
      calcium ion uptake in rat retinal membrane preparations differed depending upon
      the presence or absence of exogenous taurine. At a constant calcium ion
      concentration of 10 microM and in the absence of taurine the transition
      temperature was 17.9 +/- 4.9 degrees, whereas in the presence of 20 mM taurine
      the transition temperature was raised to 25.4 +/- 0.8 degrees. Arrhenius plots of
      maximum velocities of calcium ion uptake (calculated from six calcium ion
      concentrations which varied from 5 to 300 microM) also demonstrated a taurine
      effect on the transition temperatures (13.5 degrees vs 25.5 degrees). In
      addition, taurine lowered the apparent activation energy for calcium ion uptake.

PMID- 4052114
TI  - Dietary fat--a requirement for induction of mixed-function oxidase activities in
      starved-refed rats.
AB  - Male rats were starved 0-48 hr, and then refed diets containing 0% (F.F.) to 20%
      corn oil (C.O.) lab chow or 20% coconut oil (C.C.O.) for 1-4 days. Some received
      phenobarbital sodium (80 mg/kg, i.p. daily) for 1-3 days prior to decapitation.
      Five cytochrome P-450-dependent indicators were assayed as measures of altered
      hepatic microsomal function: ethylmorphine N-demethylase (EMDM), N
      nitrosodimethylamine (DMN)-N demethylase, aniline hydroxylase (AH),
      benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase (AHH) and CO-difference spectra (P-450). Increasing
      dietary corn oil (0, 0.5, 10, 20%) in control rats resulted in a progressive
      increase in the activities of these five enzymes. Dietary fat influenced
      phenobarbital (Pb) inducibility of all mixed-function oxidase (MFO) enzymes
      measured except AHH. Pb induced the remaining enzymes only 11-22% in animals fed
      fat-free diet as compared to 119-246% in animals fed coconut oil and corn oil.
      Rats fed fat-free diet for 21 days without prior food deprivation and
      administered Pb had 79% more EMDM, 34% more AH and 120% more P-450 than non
      induced controls, whereas rats fed 20% corn oil diet had 227% more EMDM, 143%
      more AH and 128% more P-450. A requirement of dietary fat for induction of MFO by
      Pb was demonstrated by these starvation-refeeding experiments. Coupled with data
      recovered from the 21-day studies, these experiments suggest that a compensatory
      mechanism may be operative during chronic feeding of the fat-free diet to
      partially return inducibility to the drug-metabolizing system.

PMID- 4052115
TI  - Formation and disposition of nitrosochloramphenicol in rat liver.
AB  - It has been suggested that in the chloramphenicol-induced aplastic anemia
      nitrosochloramphenicol may be involved as a toxic intermediate. We found that
      aminochloramphenicol, which reportedly is formed from chloramphenicol by
      intestinal bacteria, is N-oxygenated by liver microsomes of untreated rats with
      apparent Km = 0.4 mM and Vmax = 0.28 nmole/min/mg protein. These values are in
      close agreement with those reported for aniline N-oxygenation. Reductive
      reactions, however, eliminate the N-oxygenation products at markedly higher
      rates. As judged from hemoglobin-free single-pass liver perfusion experiments, N
      hydroxy-chloramphenicol is reduced at rates faster than 300 nmole/min/g liver
      wet, and nitrosochloramphenicol is eliminated at rates faster than 1.5
      mumole/min/g liver. At least two NADPH- and two NADH-dependent cytosolic enzymes
      are responsible for nitrosochloramphenicol reduction. Determination of the
      kinetic parameters of these enzymes by stop-flow analysis revealed the
      contribution of enzymes, one of it being alcohol dehydrogenase, with Michaelis
      constants in the micromolar range. Despite this high reducing capacity, about 10%
      of nitrosochloramphenicol reacted with GSH under formation of
      glutathionesulfinamidochloramphenicol and GSSG released from the liver into bile
      and venous effluent. At high nitrosochloramphenicol load these reactions led to
      glutathione depletion of the liver, caused membrane damage, and impaired bile
      production. At low nitrosochloramphenicol load, i.e. below 0.5 mumole/min/g, no
      relevant nitrosochloramphenicol passed the liver. These data together with the
      previously reported reactions of nitrosochloramphenicol within human blood
      suggest that nitrosochloramphenicol, if formed at all in the intestine or liver,
      is rather unlikely to be transferred to the critical target.

PMID- 4052116
TI  - The action of VIP on bile secretion and bile acid output in the non-anaesthetized
      rat.

PMID- 4052117
TI  - Sodium n-butyrate enhancement of prostaglandin D2 antitumor efficacy.

PMID- 4052118
TI  - Lack of effect of several barbiturates on liver blood flow.

PMID- 4052119
TI  - Effect of the allylamine antifungal drug SF 86-327 on the growth and sterol
      synthesis of Leishmania mexicana mexicana promastigotes.

PMID- 4052120
TI  - [The role of esterases in the toxicity of organothiophosphorus insectoacaricides
      containing a fragment of mercaptoacetic acid].
AB  - Interaction of insectoacaricide Me (EtO)P(S)SCH2SCH2COOMe (I), its activation
      metabolites (P = O (II), S = O, and P = O, S = O (III) analogues), and a
      detoxication product (-COOH analoque (IV) with rat liver carboxylesterase,
      acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase of warm-blooded animals, as well
      as with cholinesterase and carboxylesterase of American cockroach has been
      studied. Low toxicity of (I) towards warm-blooded animals and American cockroach
      is shown to result from its rapid hydrolysis with corresponding carboxylesterases
      to form (IV). Monothiophosphonates (II) and (III) are not hydrolyzed by
      carboxylesterases but inhibit them irreversibly. High toxicity of (I) towards
      aphids can be ascribed to low activity of the carboxylesterase of that insect.

PMID- 4052121
TI  - Low synovial clearance of iodide provides evidence of hypoperfusion in chronic
      rheumatoid synovitis.
AB  - Iodide clearance was measured in the chronic knee effusions of 11 patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis and 9 patients with osteoarthritis. The mean (+/- SE) iodide
      clearance of 1.92 +/- 0.30 ml/minute in rheumatoid arthritis effusions did not
      differ significantly from the 2.19 +/- 0.52 ml/minute found in osteoarthritis
      effusions. Clearance values in rheumatoid arthritis patients ranged widely (0.79
      3.22 ml/minute). Iodide clearance in these patients correlated directly with
      synovial fluid (SF) pH (r = 0.731, P = 0.005), SF glucose:serum glucose ratio (r
      = 0.746, P = 0.004), and SF temperature (r = 0.878, P = 0.001), and directly with
      SF lactate (r = -0.782, P = 0.002) and percentage of SF neutrophils (r = -0.581,
      P = 0.03). These relationships support the hypothesis that rheumatoid synovitis
      is often marked by tissue hypoperfusion, and that the "sickest" rheumatoid joints
      (as defined by physiologic indices) are the most ischemic.

PMID- 4052122
TI  - Ibuprofen disposition in obese individuals.
AB  - Eleven obese subjects (weight 114 +/- 11 kg, mean +/- SE) and 11 age-matched
      subjects with normal body weight (61 +/- 3 kg) were given 600 mg of ibuprofen
      orally after an overnight fast. Peak ibuprofen concentration was significantly
      decreased in obese subjects (P less than 0.02), although the time from
      administration to peak concentration was not different. Ibuprofen volume of
      distribution was increased in obese subjects, and this increased distribution
      correlated positively with body weight (r = 0.82; P less than 0.001). Volume of
      distribution corrected for body weight was decreased in obese subjects, and this
      decrease correlated negatively with body weight. Ibuprofen clearance was also
      increased in obese subjects; the increase correlated positively with body weight
      (r = 0.81; P less than 0.001). Since the independent variables, volume of
      distribution and clearance, were increased in parallel in the obese subjects, the
      dependent variable, elimination half-life, was unchanged. Using mean values of
      distribution calculated from the 2 groups, ibuprofen distribution into body
      weight in excess of ideal body weight was found to be approximately 0.44 times as
      extensive as the distribution into ideal body weight. Furthermore, ibuprofen
      clearance increased in parallel with the volume of distribution and total body
      weight. Clinically, these data indicate that in obese patients, the ibuprofen
      dose may be increased without changing the dose interval, in order to achieve
      necessary plasma concentrations.

PMID- 4052123
TI  - Determination of 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone by radioimmunoassay in systemic lupus
      erythematosus.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay for the feminizing metabolite 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone was
      applied to a variety of sera from healthy volunteers, patients with active or
      inactive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and patients with other rheumatic
      diseases. A significant increase in this metabolite was detected in patients with
      SLE, especially those with active disease, compared with normal controls (P less
      than 0.001). SLE patients were categorized as having either active or inactive
      disease by clinical and laboratory criteria. Many patients who had clinically and
      serologically active disease were found to have normal levels of this estrogenic
      metabolite, and several explanations for these differences are explored in this
      report. Despite a poor correlation of hormone levels with age, antibody levels,
      or complement levels in patients with SLE, those patients with the highest levels
      of hormone were among those whose disease was clinically most active.

PMID- 4052124
TI  - A quantitative test for xerostomia. The Saxon test, an oral equivalent of the
      Schirmer test.
AB  - We describe a simple, reproducible, and low-cost test for xerostomia, which
      involves chewing on a folded sterile sponge for 2 minutes. Saliva production is
      quantitated by weighing the sponge before and after chewing. Normal control
      subjects produced greater than or equal to 2.75 gm of saliva in 2 minutes. Three
      of 32 consecutive, unselected outpatients in allergy-immunology clinics and 9 of
      38 patients in rheumatology clinics had decreased saliva production, which was
      significantly different compared with controls (P less than 0.01). The presence
      of sicca symptoms was highly correlated with quantitatively abnormal tear and
      saliva production, according to the results of the Saxon and Schirmer's tests.

PMID- 4052125
TI  - Stress-induced proteins in chondrocytes from patients with osteoarthritis.
AB  - Recent studies have shown that a specific set of proteins is produced by a
      variety of cells after the application of some forms of stress, including heat
      shock. Human chondrocytes isolated from cartilage with moderate to severe
      osteoarthritis synthesize at least 1 of these stress proteins (Mr 70,000) at
      physiologic temperature (37 degrees C), whereas chondrocytes isolated from non
      pathologic cartilage synthesize this protein only in response to incubation at
      temperatures above 39 degrees C. The active synthesis of this protein (SP-70) at
      37 degrees C is positively correlated with the severity of osteoarthritis and can
      be a characteristic indicator of this degenerative disease. We identified the
      active synthesis of stress proteins after incubating the cartilage tissue in
      medium containing 35S-methionine and separating the cell-associated proteins by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The radioactive
      proteins were visualized by autoradiography. Analysis of the longevity of cell
      associated proteins was determined by pulsing the tissue with 35S-methionine, and
      after different periods of chase in medium, the proteins were separated by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Specific proteins bands were
      then excised, and the radioactivity was determined by liquid scintillation
      counting.

PMID- 4052126
TI  - Two histopathologic types of inflammatory vascular disease in MRL/Mp autoimmune
      mice. Model for human vasculitis in connective tissue disease.
AB  - We have recently described 2 histopathologic types of inflammatory vascular
      disease (IVD) in patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS): neutrophilic IVD (NIVD)
      and mononuclear IVD (MIVD). Autoimmune MRL/Mp mice, which have many features of
      SS, spontaneously develop IVD which is histopathologically indistinguishable from
      that observed in human SS patients. Both MRL/Mp-+/+ and MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice
      develop MIVD which evolves into NIVD and results in decreased survival; the
      transition to NIVD is accelerated by the lpr gene. The presence of the lpr gene
      on other genetic backgrounds does not result in a similar acceleration of IVD and
      associated decreased survival. Thus, the spontaneous autosomal recessive mutation
      lpr appears to modulate the development of IVD in a strain of mice with an
      underlying propensity for vasculitis. Based on our observations on IVD in SS
      patients and MRL/Mp mice, we propose a new model which may enhance our
      understanding of the immunopathogenesis of IVD in connective tissue disease.

PMID- 4052128
TI  - Continuing medical education. Changing behavior and improving outcomes.
AB  - A study was undertaken to determine if an intensive continuing medical education
      program in rheumatology could improve patient care. Fifteen primary care
      practitioners, who fit the description of educationally influential physicians,
      completed a 2-week academic medical center-based preceptorship. Improvement in
      physician knowledge, from a mean score of 65.3% to a mean of 82.9%, was
      documented using pre- and post-tests. Significant changes in physician behavior
      were documented using chart audits and patient interviews. The use of diagnostic
      tests and corticosteroids, and physician-patient interactions were the areas of
      greatest improvement. Functional outcomes for patients, measured by the Sickness
      Impact Profile, also improved. These findings suggest that a well-designed
      continuing medical education program can effect some changes in physician
      knowledge and behavior that will result in at least short-term improvement in
      patient outcomes.

PMID- 4052127
TI  - Referral of musculoskeletal disease patients by family and general practitioners.
AB  - We surveyed general and family practitioners to evaluate their patterns of
      referring musculoskeletal disease patients to rheumatologists and orthopedists.
      Patients who had rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and
      ankylosing spondylitis were most often referred to rheumatologists, whereas
      patients with osteoarthritis, persistent low back pain, and post-traumatic knee
      pain were most often referred to orthopedists. As conditions worsened in
      severity, referrals were more frequent. Patients with conditions that were
      difficult to diagnose, such as possible shoulder tendinitis that was unresponsive
      to initial nonsteroidal therapy, undiagnosed polyarthritis, and intermittent knee
      swelling with pain, were most often treated without referral and, when referred,
      were most often sent to orthopedists. Belief in the effectiveness of
      rheumatologists or orthopedists correlated strongly with reported referral
      behavior, yet most respondents considered themselves capable of managing the
      majority of patients with musculoskeletal diseases. Neither practice arrangement,
      board certification, nor educational background affected referral behavior.
      However, younger physicians were more likely (P = 0.002) to refer patients to
      rheumatologists. Multivariate analysis showed that the significant predictors of
      global referral behavior were belief in the effectiveness of subspecialists and a
      small number of musculoskeletal problems seen by the generalist. The predictors
      of referral to rheumatologists were belief in rheumatologist efficacy and young
      physician age.

PMID- 4052129
TI  - FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee meeting: postmarketing surveillance of
      nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.

PMID- 4052130
TI  - Chronic arthritis following benign rheumatoid nodules of childhood.

PMID- 4052131
TI  - Fasciitis and polyarthritis during antituberculous therapy.

PMID- 4052132
TI  - Evidence against close linkage to HLA of the gene for familial amyloid
      polyneuropathy.

PMID- 4052133
TI  - The mechanism of cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4052134
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis pannus: true or false?

PMID- 4052135
TI  - The mechanism of action of L-canavanine in inducing autoimmune phenomena.

PMID- 4052136
TI  - Amidoximes of pentamidine: synthesis, trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activity.
AB  - For the study of the biotransformation of pentamidine and the evaluation of its
      trypanocidal and leishmanicidal properties the N-hydroxylated derivatives II and
      III were prepared. In II and III, one or both the terminal amidine moieties of
      pentamidine are replaced by an amidoxime. These amidoximes II and III were tested
      against various Trypanosoma species and Leishmania donovani in mice and golden
      hamsters, respectively. The studies demonstrate that the pentamidine derivatives
      II and III were active against various trypanosomes (T. brucei; T. vivax; T.
      congolense). However, besides having a pronounced activity against Trypanosoma
      rhodesiense compounds II and III exhibit a less action on other Trypanosomes than
      the standard drugs diminazene and in some cases the parent compound pentamidine.
      Derivatives II and III were also distinctly active against Leishmania donovani
      but their leishmanicidal effect was slightly less marked than that of
      pentamidine.

PMID- 4052137
TI  - Bronchodilating and cardiovascular effects of intraduodenally and orally
      administered clenbuterol in dogs.
AB  - The bronchodilating and cardiovascular effects of intraduodenally and orally
      administered 4-amino-alpha-[tert-butylamino)methyl]-3,5-dichlorobenzylalcohol
      hydrochloride (clenbuterol, NAB 365) in anesthetized and conscious dogs were
      investigated and compared with those of salbutamol, isoprenaline (isoproterenol)
      and (4-amino-3,5-dichlorophenyl) glycolic acid (M-7), a metabolite of
      clenbuterol. In pentobarbitalized dogs, clenbuterol, 3-100 micrograms/kg i.d.,
      inhibited the increase in airway resistance induced by histamine in a dose
      related manner; clenbuterol was approximately 2 and 100 times more potent than
      salbutamol and isoprenaline, respectively. The plasma level of clenbuterol
      increased within 15 min and reached the maximum level within 60 to 90 min, which
      lasted for over 4 h after administration. The inhibitory effect was abolished by
      pretreatment with propranolol. M-7 showed no significant effect. In anesthetized
      dogs, clenbuterol and salbutamol, 10 and 100 microgram/kg i.d., decreased
      arterial blood pressure and increased heart rate and maximum rate of rise of left
      ventricular pressure. Isoprenaline, 10 and 100 micrograms/kg i.d., caused no
      marked changes in these parameters. In conscious dogs, clenbuterol, 10 and 100
      micrograms/kg p.o., and salbutamol, 100 micrograms/kg p.o., increased heart rate;
      the maximum responses were observed 1 to 2 h after administration and lasted for
      over 3 h. No marked effects were observed after salbutamol, 10 micrograms/kg
      p.o., isoprenaline, 10 and 100 micrograms/kg p.o., and M-7, 100 micrograms/kg
      p.o.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052138
TI  - Absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of orally administered 14C
      beta-cyclodextrin in rat.
AB  - The absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of orally administered
      universally labelled 14C-beta-cyclodextrin and 14C-glucose were compared in rat.
      The maximum radioactivity of the blood derived from 14C-beta-cyclodextrin was
      observed between 4th and 11th h and the value of the maximum in different
      experiments ranged between 5 and 17 0/00 of the total administered radioactivity.
      Following 14C-glucose treatment radioactivity reached the maximum within half-an
      hour, with values of 15 to 82 0/00. In the 8th h after a high dose (313.5 mg/kg)
      of beta-cyclodextrin no more than 3-50 ppm beta-cyclodextrin was detectable in
      the blood by HPLC. After 14C-beta-cyclodextrin treatment 4.2-4.8% of the
      administered total radioactivity was excreted by the urine and about the same
      quantity (2-3.6%) in case of 14C-glucose. No specific accumulation was observed
      after 14C-beta-cyclodextrin treatment in the different organs. The large
      intestine contained 10-15% of the cyclodextrin radioactivity while this value was
      only 2% in case of 14C-glucose. Following p.o. administration of different doses
      of 14C-beta-cyclodextrin the radioactivity peak was detected in the exhaled air
      between the 4-6th and 6-8th h, respectively, depending on the administered doses,
      while in case of 14C-glucose treatment it was observed within 2 h. The total
      radioactivity exhaled by 14C-beta-cyclodextrin treated animals in 24 h was 55 to
      64% of the administered radioactivity and 58% in case of 14C-glucose. It is
      assumed that beta-cyclodextrin is metabolized in rats slower but similarly to
      glucose, therefore p.o. administered beta-cyclodextrin cannot induce toxic
      symptoms.

PMID- 4052140
TI  - [Isolation and identification of metabolites of 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine from rat
      urine].
AB  - The metabolites of 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (Aedurid) have been isolated and
      purified from rat urine by preparative thin-layer and column chromatography. With
      the aid of 1H-NMR and mass spectroscopy and by comparison with an authentic
      sample, the major metabolite could be identified as 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)uracil. The
      minor metabolite was identified as 5-ethyluracil.

PMID- 4052139
TI  - New glutaramic acid derivatives with potent competitive and specific
      cholecystokinin-antagonistic activity.
AB  - New glutaramic acid derivatives were evaluated for anti-cholecystokinin (CCK)
      activity in vitro on guinea pig gallbladder. The compounds are competitive and
      specific CCK-antagonists, causing a parallel right shift of the cumulative dose
      response curve of the agonist. The affinity for the binding site of the CCK
      receptor for some of these compounds was hundreds of times higher than that of
      pro-glumide, the model compound.

PMID- 4052141
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of 5-ethyl-2'-desoxyuridine in the rat].
AB  - The pharmacokinetic behaviour of the virostatic drug 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine
      (EtUdR, Aedurid) and its metabolite 5-ethyluracil was determined after
      intravenous and oral application in a nonindividual study using inbred rats.
      EtUdR is metabolized and eliminated rapidly. The saturation of the metabolic
      pathway could not be achieved. Higher initial blood levels resulted from a
      pretreatment of rats with probenecid or the application of the better water
      soluble compound 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate; the elimination
      characteristic of EtUdR could not be altered by these methods.

PMID- 4052142
TI  - [Immunostimulating action of polysaccharides (heteroglycans) from higher plants].
AB  - From the water or alcaline-water extracts of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. and 
      angustifolia DC., Eupatorium cannabium L. and -perfoliatum L., Chamomilla
      recutita L. Rauscher, Calendula officinalis L., Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. B.,
      Achyrocline satureioides DC., Arnica montana L., Sabal serrulata Roem. et
      Schult., and Eleutherococcus (Acanthopanax) senticosus Maxim. polysaccharide
      fractions with molecular weights in the range of 25 000 to 500 000 and higher
      have been isolated, which, according to the granulocytes- and carbon clearance
      tests, showed significant immunostimulating activities. The isolated compounds
      belong to the group of watersoluble, acidic branched-chain heteroglycans. Their
      immunostimulating activity is compared and discussed with respect to other
      polysaccharides of biological activity.

PMID- 4052144
TI  - [The clinical pharmacokinetics of allopurinol. 2. Allopurinol/oxypurinol
      pharmacokinetics following allopurinol in single doses and multiple application].
AB  - In a pharmacokinetic study with 6 healthy volunteers the parameters for
      allopurinol and oxipurinol were compared following a single dose of allopurinol
      and multiple application of the drug. Pharmacokinetic data for allopurinol and
      oxipurinol are different after single doses and under steady state conditions.
      The oxipurinol half-life of 17 +/- 5.1 h is prolonged under steady state
      conditions to 19.7 +/- 5.8 h. Based on the results of this study and on data from
      different authors the range of 17-21 h is discussed as the most frequent
      oxipurinol half-life.

PMID- 4052143
TI  - [The effect of a new analgesic, flupirtine, on psychomotor performance in
      humans].
AB  - Psychomotor efficiency was tested on 12 male patients after peroral
      administration of the analgesically acting monosubstance 2-amino-3-ethoxycarbonyl
      amino-6-p-fluorobenzyl aminopyridine (flupirtine, Katadolon) (3 X 100 mg on the
      previous day and 100 mg before the test) and compared with the peroral
      administration of diazepam, chlorphenoxamine and a placebo using a combined
      multiple problem, which tests the fine motor coordination in the peripheral and
      central field of vision at high vigilance. Compared with the placebo, flupirtine
      lengthened the reaction time with only slight significance by 2.7 +/- 2.2%, but
      with significance the mental processing time by 3.0 +/- 1.9%. This sedative
      effect reached only 41% and 43% respectively of the sedative effect of the
      antihistamine chlorphenoxamine (80 mg daily dose on the preceding day and 20 mg 1
      h before start of the test). Under the hangover effect of diazepam (evenings 10
      mg perorally 2 days before and 5 mg perorally on the preceding day) slightly
      significant shorter times were determined than under flupirtine. Flupirtine does
      not change the number of standard errors and the uniformity of performance, but
      it does increase the number of signals overlooked in the experiment, to a
      considerably lesser degree, however, than chlorphenoxamine. In the hangover of
      diazepam, the number of standard errors is lower and the number of overlooked
      signals greater than under flupirtine. The errors and the number of overlooked
      signals are greatest under chlorphenoxamine.

PMID- 4052145
TI  - Uptake of antimicrobial agents by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
AB  - The uptake of the antimicrobial agents tinidazole, josamycin and penicillin G by
      normal human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) was measured in vitro, using
      radiolabeled drugs. Extracellular concentrations corresponding to therapeutically
      effective serum levels of the drugs were used. Penicillin G penetrated the
      leucocyte membrane poorly, the ratio of the cell-associated to the extracellular
      concentration (C/E) being between 0.23 and 0.54. In contrast, tinidazole and
      josamycin were accumulated by the cells: C/E for tinidazole varied from 1.38 to
      1.56 and C/E for josamycin from 3.5 to 21.4, depending on incubation times. It is
      inferred that these two compounds are capable of inactivating intracellular
      organisms and would therefore be useful for treating or preventing chronic
      infections caused by pathogens which survive intracellularly. The extraordinarily
      high accumulation of josamycin by PMNs could not easily be reversed by repeated
      cell washing and might be explained by the existence of an active transport
      mechanism.

PMID- 4052146
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of mezlocillin, piperacillin,
      their degradation products, and of ioxitalamic acid in plasma and urine of
      healthy volunteers.
AB  - In plasma and urine of 10 healthy volunteers after intravenous administration of
      4 g mezlocillin and piperacillin, respectively, the parent compounds as well as
      degradation products were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography.
      Ioxitalamic acid, a renal contrast medium, was administered simultaneously, in
      order to measure the glomerular filtration rate, and to control the collection of
      24-h urine. As metabolite of mezlocillin the corresponding penicilloic acid only
      was found, whereas in the case of piperacillin a further degradation product was
      observed. Half of the doses given was recovered in the urine as unchanged drugs,
      and in addition 5-10% as metabolites. No differences were found in the
      pharmacokinetic behaviour of both antibiotics.

PMID- 4052147
TI  - Fenofibrate treatment inhibits HMG-CoA reductase activity in mononuclear cells
      from hyperlipoproteinemic patients.
AB  - The effect of fenofibrate treatment on serum cholesterol levels was studied in
      relation to the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in
      mononuclear cells from patients with hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa and IIb. When
      patients who had received fenofibrate (300 mg/day) for at least 8 weeks were
      given placebo during a subsequent 2-months period, both serum cholesterol
      concentration and mononuclear cell HMGR increased significantly in both types IIa
      and IIb. After reinstitution of fenofibrate treatment both parameters gradually
      declined and returned close to the initial level after another 28 weeks. It is
      concluded that a part of the lipid-lowering action of fenofibrate may be due to
      an inhibition of cholesterol synthesis.

PMID- 4052148
TI  - Endothelial cell labeling indices in swine aortas in relation to intimal cell
      mass-derived atherosclerotic lesions.
AB  - In the swine abdominal aorta, most atherosclerotic lesions arise from naturally
      occurring collections of intimal cells called intimal cell masses. The main
      objective of this study was to determine if the tritiated thymidine labeling
      index of endothelial cells lying over intimal cell masses was greater than that
      of endothelial cells not over intimal cell masses. A higher endothelial cell
      labeling index over intimal cell masses would indicate possibly a greater
      turnover in the area. Such a finding would suggest possible transient but
      repeated breaks in the endothelial cell barrier that might contribute to the
      initiation of the atherosclerotic lesion in intimal cell masses. In 2 groups of
      mash-fed swine, 2 and 11 months old, no differences were found in labeling
      indices of endothelial cells lying over or not over intimal cell masses. It
      appears that the initiation of atherosclerosis in swine abdominal aorta is not
      dependent upon pre-existing altered endothelial cell kinetics as measured by
      tritiated thymidine labeling indices. The labeling index of cells within the
      intimal cell mass was significantly higher than in the media; this also is
      obviously not dependent upon an increased labeling index of the covering
      endothelial cells. Another group of swine were killed at 11 months of age after
      receiving a hyperlipidemic diet for 270 days. The labeling index of endothelial
      cells over atherosclerotic lesions was significantly higher than the labeling
      index of endothelial cells not over lesions in these swine, and also
      significantly higher than that of endothelial cells over intimal cell masses in
      the 11-month old mash-fed group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052149
TI  - Metabolism of [125I]tyramine cellobiose-labeled low density lipoproteins in
      squirrel monkeys.
AB  - Low density lipoproteins labeled with [125I]tyramine cellobiose ([125I]TC-LDL)
      were removed from the circulation of squirrel monkeys at a similar but slightly
      slower rate than LDLs labeled with 125I, [125I]hydroxyphenyl propionic acid, or
      [3H]leucine. After the simultaneous injection of [125I]TC-LDL and [131I]LDL
      labeled with 131ICl, the 125I was also removed at a slightly slower rate than
      131I. Most of the radioactivity was retained in tissues and not excreted during
      the 24 h after injection of [125I]TC-LDL. This finding supports the claim of
      Pittman et al. [18] that [125I]TC-LDL can be used to determine the irreversible
      uptake of LDL by different tissues. The liver cleared more LDL than any other
      organ, but the adrenals and ovaries were more active per gram. Trichloroacetic
      acid (TCA) precipitated more than 80% of the radioactivity in the tissues that
      had low 125I uptake, but only about 50% of the 125I in more active tissues
      (liver, adrenals, ovaries, and spleen). Only a small percentage of 125I in urine
      and bile was TCA-precipitable. In the dual label experiment with [125I]TC-LDL and
      [131I]LDL there was a selective retention of 125I in samples from liver, spleen,
      adrenals, and, perhaps testes, and an almost complete selectivity for 125I in
      bile and feces. The aortic intima plus inner media (AIM) cleared much less LDL
      than other tissues, but the uptake by the entire AIM was proportional to the
      cholesterol concentration and weight of the total AIM. There was, however, no
      correlation between either of the latter two measurements and the uptake of LDL
      per gram of AIM. The concentration of LDL apolipoprotein in the AIM determined by
      immunoelectrophoresis did not correlate significantly with LDL uptake per gram.
      Both the amounts of LDL apolipoprotein present and labeled LDL taken up by the
      AIM depended on the weight of the sample, and perhaps on the weight of intima in
      the sample.

PMID- 4052150
TI  - Beta-very low density lipoproteins in cholesterol-fed rabbits are of hepatic
      origin.
AB  - When rabbits are fed a cholesterol-rich diet they accumulate beta-migrating very
      low density lipoprotein (beta-VLDL) in their plasma. beta-VLDL are cholesteryl
      ester-rich lipoproteins which contain apolipoproteins B and E. There are 2 forms
      of apolipoprotein B in beta-VLDL. About 90% of apolipoprotein B is present as a
      320 000-dalton protein and the remainder is present as a 210 000-dalton protein.
      These apolipoproteins are tissue specific. Lipoproteins secreted by perfused
      rabbit livers contain only the 320 000-dalton apolipoprotein B while lipoproteins
      secreted by the intestine contain only the 210 000-dalton apolipoprotein B. The
      tissue specificity of apolipoprotein B shows that beta-VLDL is largely of hepatic
      origin and that only a small fraction is of intestinal origin. The composition of
      VLDL secreted from the livers of cholesterol-fed rabbits is similar to that of
      plasma beta-VLDL. Both are cholesteryl ester-rich, in contrast to plasma and
      perfusate VLDL from normal rabbits which are both triglyceride-rich. This
      indicates that the cholesteryl ester-rich hepatic VLDL is a direct precursor for
      plasma beta-VLDL.

PMID- 4052151
TI  - Study of coronary intimal thickening.
AB  - A light microscopic study on intimal thickening carried out on 932 subjects 1-50
      years old and on 22 selected topographic sites of the coronary arterial bed,
      revealed: (a) In similar topographic sites intimal thickening developed 5-15
      years earlier in subjects with than in subjects without minor deviations from the
      common type of distribution of the coronary arteries. (b) The most rapid
      development of the intimal layer was detected in children aged 11-15 years. (c)
      6% of children who died of acute diseases (mainly acute peritonitis) showed
      intimal thickening in both major coronary arteries and branch vessels; in
      children who died of accidents thickening developed only in the major coronary
      arteries. (d) More than 50% of subjects 46-50 years old (considered to be in the
      preclinical stage of ischemic heart disease) exhibited intimal thickening in the
      branch vessels usually non-opened during routine autopsy and non-removed for
      light-microscopic examination. (e) An intima/media ratio between 2.0 and 3.0 was
      associated with a 50% reduction in the luminal diameter; this reduction increased
      up to 75% when the intima/media ratio surpassed 3.0, the very thick intima
      acquiring the feature of a 'fixed stenotic lesion' in spite of its apparent
      normal aspect on light-microscopic examination.

PMID- 4052152
TI  - Accumulation and mobilization of cholesteryl esters in cultured human fibroblasts
      exposed to free cholesterol-rich phospholipid vesicles.
AB  - The uptake of free cholesterol (FC) into cells by surface transfer and its
      esterification to cholesteryl esters (CE) has been studied with a system of FC
      egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC) vesicles and human lung fibroblasts in serum-free
      growth medium. The influx of FC was dependent on the molar ratio of FC to EPC in
      the donor vesicles. The FC incorporated by surface transfer was available for
      esterification in the cells. Incubations with FC/EPC vesicles with a FC/EPC molar
      ratio of 0.5: 1 gave a small net decrease in cellular CE, while 1:1 vesicles gave
      a mild increase. When the cells were incubated with 2:1 FC/EPC vesicles an
      extensive accumulation of CE was demonstrated, which was accentuated if albumin
      was present in the medium. The CE accumulated in the form of lipid droplets
      within the cells. The largest of these droplets exhibited positive birefringence
      with formee crosses, that is typical for liquid crystals of cholesteryl esters.
      If cells loaded with CE were incubated with vesicles with low FC/EPC ratios a net
      efflux of CE was noted. The present study demonstrates that the uptake of FC from
      lipid vesicles by surface transfer can reproduce typical features of foam cells
      in early atherosclerosis.

PMID- 4052153
TI  - Lipid peroxidation in ethanol poisoning: a critical reconsideration.
AB  - Evidence for the existence of increased lipid peroxidation in the liver after
      ethanol administration to rats is discussed. A criticism of the methods used to
      measure lipid peroxidation is also given. Most authors who are in favour of the
      presence of lipid peroxidation after ethanol have used the detection of
      thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reacting substances as a measure of lipid peroxidation.
      This test is not entirely satisfactory, because: (1) it is not specific; (2) it
      mostly measures malonaldehyde, a substance of low toxicity, following a 1-2 hr
      incubation time; (3) several aldehydes produced during lipid peroxidation do not
      react with TBA. However, it is now clear that the aldehydes produced during lipid
      peroxidation are actively metabolized by homogenates, so differences in
      catabolism may influence the result of a TBA test. Measurement of the diene
      conjugation band, the other test usually used to detect lipid peroxidation,
      produces information only on the presence of dienes at a given moment, but does
      not give any information on the production or decomposition rates of such dienes.
      Thus differences in production or decomposition kinetics may mask the results.
      Notwithstanding these criticisms, most of the evidence at present is in favour of
      some involvement of lipid peroxidation in ethanol intoxication. One hypothesis is
      that of the direct impact of ethanol-derived free radicals. Another is that
      ethanol provokes the formation of oxygen free radical species, which can start
      lipid peroxidation either directly, or by exhausting anti-oxidant substances in
      the cell so as to change the balance in favour of increased peroxidation.
      Finally, a third hypothesis is that acetaldehyde, the main product of ethanol
      oxidation, is able to stimulate lipid peroxidation, possibly through the
      formation of free radicals, or depletion of levels of antioxidant substances.
      Experiments consisting of measuring total glutathione (GSH and GSSG) during lipid
      peroxidation stimulated by ethanol or acetaldehyde show, however, that GSH is
      totally converted into GSSG during the incubation, thus suggesting that the
      antioxidant trapped by acetaldehyde is not GSH. In isolated hepatocytes,
      disulfiram, an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase, does not prevent the GSH
      decrease caused by acetaldehyde, but can block the induced lipid peroxidation.
      The relevance of increased lipid peroxidation to the mechanism of the liver
      damage induced by ethanol remains unclear.

PMID- 4052154
TI  - Alcohol and foetal damage.
AB  - Heavy alcohol consumption (more than 80 g per day) in pregnancy is associated
      with the foetal alcohol syndrome. More moderate consumption is reported to result
      in increased rates of spontaneous abortion, still birth and congenital
      malformation as well as growth retardation. There may be functional deficits in
      early childhood. In the light of current knowledge abstinence from alcohol before
      and during pregnancy is advisable.

PMID- 4052155
TI  - Fetal alcohol effects: advice to the advisors.

PMID- 4052156
TI  - Neuropathological effects of alcohol on the developing nervous system.
AB  - The formation of functional neuronal networks in the developing nervous system is
      dependent on three mechanisms which have been shown to be susceptible to
      disturbance by alcohol exposure. These are cell acquisition, cell migration and
      cellular maturation. Cell acquisition can be reduced by either impaired
      proliferation or increased cell deletion. Effects of alcohol on cell
      proliferation, both early in development and in the postnatal cerebellum, are
      overshadowed by cell loss, which in the cerebellum may affect both small and
      large neurones. Disturbed cell migration in the developing nervous system is well
      known, through neuropathological studies on human fetal alcohol syndrome. Related
      changes have been produced experimentally in primates, and retarded migration of
      nerve cells may also occur in the developing cerebellum of the alcohol-exposed
      rat. Altered nerve cell maturation as shown by examination of dendritic
      arborisation has been described in the developing hippocampus and brainstem of
      alcohol-exposed animals. The effects of alcohol on the developing nervous system
      are unlikely to be specific, and nutritional, hormonal and other pharmacological
      influences may play a part in their genesis. Moreover, diverse experimental
      methodology clouds the interpretation of some findings. Although developmental
      alcohol exposure may have severe and multiple neuropathological effects on the
      nervous system, reversibility of many lesions, and restoration of functional
      competence, appears possible in the light of nutritional studies.

PMID- 4052157
TI  - Transketolase variant enzymes and brain damage.
AB  - Human red blood cell transketolase has been resolved into two components by gel
      filtration. One component has its thiamine diphosphate coenzyme firmly bound
      whilst the other variant of the enzyme is a smaller molecule which is inactive
      without added thiamine diphosphate, for which it has a reduced affinity. It is
      concluded that the failure to detect an increase in activation in the commonly
      used clinical test of red cell transketolase activation by raising the thiamine
      diphosphate concentration above about 0.3 mmol/l is likely to be due to masking
      of the effect of activation of the low affinity variant in haemolysates from
      normal red blood cells by the inhibitory effect of excess thiamine diphosphate
      upon the activity of the high affinity form of the enzyme with which it is mixed.
      Increased activation by higher thiamine diphosphate concentrations is sometimes
      seen in haemolysates from the blood of chronic alcoholics, as well as in the low
      molecular weight fraction separated from normal haemolysates. It is considered
      likely that there are at least two variants of the enzyme and that the low
      molecular weight variant represents a damaged form of the enzyme normally present
      in small amounts but formed in larger proportions in vivo in abnormal conditions
      like chronic alcoholism and thiamine deficiency as well as by enzyme breakdown in
      vitro. In the light of these conclusions some recently proposed hypotheses
      regarding the role of transketolase in the genesis of brain damage in thiamine
      deficiency are reconsidered and a modified mechanism is proposed consistent with
      these and other recent findings.

PMID- 4052158
TI  - The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in Queensland, Australia: antecedents and
      prevention.
AB  - The Wernicke-Korsakoff (W-K) syndrome is commonplace in Queensland, Australia. In
      a population of mental hospital inpatients with the W-K syndrome, males,
      particularly single males and widowers, and subjects who had undergone partial
      gastrectomy were over-represented. Some possible antecedents of the W-K syndrome
      are examined by focusing, not on W-K patients, but on problem drinkers. The
      results of a cross-national comparison of drinkers from Queensland, Australia and
      Merseyside, in the United Kingdom, are presented. The data support the hypothesis
      that Queensland drinkers are comparatively less involved with their families than
      Merseyside drinkers. This parallels a social perspective which regards allegiance
      to a male drinking group as very important in confirming social solidarity and
      'mateship' in Australia. Such groups attach no importance to eating, setting the
      stage for dietary neglect and thiamine deficiency of which the W-K syndrome may
      be the end result. The fortification of alcoholic beverages with thiamine in
      Queensland has been previously proposed and attracted much local publicity. It
      seems possible that this publicity may have contributed to an increased awareness
      by heavy drinkers in Queensland of the need for supplementary B vitamins.
      However, this awareness is not so complete as to rule out the need for further
      measures aimed at reducing the incidence of the W-K syndrome in that state.

PMID- 4052159
TI  - Psychological impairment in alcoholics.
AB  - A minority of alcoholics will show obvious evidence of dementia but the majority
      will appear clinically intact. Despite the fact that almost 50% of those 'intact'
      alcoholics will be found to have structural brain damage, on routine tests of
      intelligence they will fall in the normal range. More detailed psychometric
      testing will however reveal deficits in non-verbal abstracting ability, tactile
      performance and psychomotor speed with a perceptual component. Neither
      consumption variables nor the extent of structural brain damage are closely
      related to the degree of impairment. Age and premorbid intelligence are however
      so related. Much of the impairment is recoverable with time but visuo-spatial
      abilities and abstract problem solving may remain impaired for a year or two and
      some aspects of long-term memorising may be permanently impaired. In general,
      older alcoholics show less capacity for recovery. The possibility that brain
      damage and cognitive impairment may antedate the alcoholism is considered as is
      the possibility that alcohol may be particularly damaging to the ageing brain.
      The relevance of pathophysiological disturbances and nutritional deficiency is
      also considered. Evidence is now accumulating that cognitive defect is an
      important predictor of outcome following treatment. In the management of states
      of impairment attention should be paid to remedying nutritional deficiencies and
      the general principles of rehabilitation should be borne in mind.

PMID- 4052161
TI  - Malnutrition and tissue injury in the chronic alcoholic. A symposium. London,
      U.K., 16 October 1984.

PMID- 4052160
TI  - Chronic alcohol administration produces an increase in liver 1,4-butanediol
      concentration.

PMID- 4052162
TI  - Malnutrition and tissue injury.

PMID- 4052163
TI  - Alcoholic malnutrition and the small intestine.
AB  - Malnutrition is common in chronic alcoholics, although its severity may depend on
      the social characteristics of the patient group under study and their severity of
      alcohol dependence. General malnutrition is often reflected in body weight loss,
      mainly of adipose and muscle tissue. This loss of nutritional reserves is partly
      due to inadequate protein intake in the face of continued alcohol ingestion.
      However, there is also evidence that ethanol is relatively ineffective as a
      source of calories, in spite of its high theoretical calorific value. An
      increased metabolic rate and tissue oxygen consumption following alcohol
      ingestion, without parallel increases in phosphate bond energy production or
      anabolic processes demonstrate the poor value of ethanol as an alternative
      calorie source to carbohydrate, fat or protein. This situation of nutritional
      imbalance is often compounded in chronic alcoholics by the effects that ethanol
      has on gastrointestinal function. These include increased mucosal permeability
      which may lead to 'leakage' of nutrients from the blood to the gut lumen,
      increased gut motility with increased transit times, and impaired salt and water
      absorption. Alcohol inhibits absorption of vitamins and nutrients by active
      transport processes, an effect that may be crucial in precipitating specific
      nutrient deficiencies (e.g. thiamine) in the alcoholic, in addition to the role
      of reduced dietary intake of vitamins and minerals in alcoholics that also
      contributes to such deficiency states. The end result may be severe functional
      impairment and tissue damage in other organs, notably the liver and the brain, as
      a consequence of specific vitamin and nutrient deficiencies arising in chronic
      alcoholics by these mechanisms.

PMID- 4052164
TI  - Adolescent alcohol use.

PMID- 4052165
TI  - Partial reversal of ethanol-induced male reproductive pathology following
      abstinence.
AB  - To date, no longitudinal studies have been carried out to determine the recovery
      of ethanol-related reproductive failure subsequent to moderate periods of
      abstinence. An animal model (C57B1 mouse) was utilized to examine the
      effectiveness of abstinence for reversal of ethanol-induced reproductive failure.
      After treatment with either a 5% (v/v) ethanol diet (10 weeks) or a 6% (v/v)
      ethanol diet (5 weeks), ethanol-treated animals and their pair-fed controls were
      electroejaculated and hemicastrated (right testis and accessory organs); their
      reproductive tracts and epididymal spermatozoa were examined. Ingestion of the 5%
      and 6% ethanol diets resulted in significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased
      weights of testes (24% and 28%, respectively) and seminal vesicles/prostate (20%,
      6% diet only), increased frequencies of germ cell desquamation (480% and 400%),
      inactive seminiferous tubules (186% and 567%), sperm dysmorphology (31% and 119%)
      and inhibition of in vitro fertilization of mouse oocytes by epididymal
      spermatozoa (26% and 62%), as compared to their respective pair-fed control
      values. Also observed were significant decreases in epididymal sperm content
      (72%, 6% diet only), total motile spermatozoa (85%, 6% diet only) and seminal
      vesicles epithelial cell height (13% and 29%). No abnormal semen parameters were
      observed after treatment with the 5% ethanol diet; however, in animals treated
      with the 6% diet, significant decreases were noted in coagulum weight (50%),
      sperm count (85%) and acid phosphatase content (53%). Improvement in all
      parameters was observed in the contralateral half of the reproductive tract
      subsequent to 10 weeks abstinence. Only germ cell desquamation remained
      significantly elevated (100% as compared to control) in animals that ingested the
      5% diet. In contrast, significant abnormalities persisting 10 weeks after
      treatment with the 6% ethanol diet included increased germ cell desquamation
      (200%), inactive seminiferous tubules (157%) and sperm dysmorphology (39%) and
      decreased forward progression (17%) of epididymal sperm, as compared to values.
      These findings are discussed in relation to the influence of alcohol consumption
      on male reproductive function in man.

PMID- 4052166
TI  - The effect of naloxone on the hepatocellular redox state and serum ethanol
      concentrations following acute ethanol administration.
AB  - Naloxone hydrochloride (2.0 mg/kg) has been found to reverse the significant
      decreases in the hepatic cytosolic and mitochondrial [NAD+]/[NADH] ratios
      observed after acute ethanol administration in rats. This correction of the
      ethanol-induced changes in the hepatocellular redox state by naloxone was,
      however, not associated with any lowering of serum ethanol concentrations or an
      observable reduction in the extent of intoxication. This lack of antagonism of
      alcohol intoxication by naloxone was not affected by the feeding status of the
      animals, the time point after naloxone administration at which serum ethanol
      concentration was determined or the method used for ethanol analysis. Thus this
      study has failed to confirm that naloxone antagonises acute alcohol intoxication,
      in spite of its potent ability to reverse the ethanol-induced changes in the
      hepatic redox state.

PMID- 4052167
TI  - Increased malate dehydrogenase activity in blood from non-drinking alcoholics.
AB  - Since cytosolic malate dehydrogenase has been shown to play a role in the
      regulation of liver cytosolic [NAD+]/[NADH] redox state during ethanol
      metabolism, it is possible that differences in this enzyme could cause
      differences in response to ethanol. The present study demonstrates that the
      isozyme pattern of this cytosolic enzyme in whole blood samples is the same as
      that in liver and that the pattern does not differ in alcoholic and control
      subjects. A marginally significant elevation of activity of malate dehydrogenase
      in blood from alcoholic subjects is reported. Further studies are needed to
      confirm this latter finding and to assess fully its possible significance.

PMID- 4052168
TI  - Rates of metabolism of ethanol to acetate by human neutrophil precursors and
      macrophages.
AB  - Studies employing uninduced and dimethylsulphoxide-induced HL60 cells have shown
      that promyelocytes metabolise ethanol (0.1 mg/ml) to acetate at the rate of 3.9
      nmol/10(7) cells/hr and there is a progressive fall in the ethanol-metabolising
      capacity as promyelocytes mature into neutrophil myelocytes and, eventually, to
      band forms and neutrophil granulocytes. By contrast, macrophages derived from the
      treatment of HL60 cells with 1,25 [OH]2 vitamin D3 and from the culture of normal
      blood monocytes metabolised ethanol to acetate at much higher average rates of
      180.1 and 184.7 nmol/10(7) cells/hr. Furthermore, nucleated marrow cell
      suspensions which were depleted of cells capable of adhering to plastic
      metabolised ethanol at only one-third the rate shown by non-depleted cell
      suspensions. The data indicate that neutrophils and their granule-containing
      precursors contribute relatively little and macrophages contribute substantially
      to the overall rate of ethanol metabolism by suspensions of nucleated marrow
      cells. In addition, the considerable capacity of macrophages to metabolise
      ethanol in vitro raises the possibility that the metabolism of ethanol by these
      cells in vivo may result in some deleterious effect on surrounding cells and
      thus, account, at least in part, for ethanol-induced tissue damage.

PMID- 4052169
TI  - Social isolation and passivity of women alcoholics.

PMID- 4052170
TI  - Evaluation of a residential AA programme for women.
AB  - Follow-up interviews were conducted with 43 women who participated in a
      residential programme based on the work of Alcoholics Anonymous; the treatment
      outcome was compared to that of 35 similar women in a control group formed by a
      retrospective matching procedure. The control group received inpatient
      detoxification. For a wide range of outcome variables and, not just for
      abstinence, the treatment group had a significantly better outcome.

PMID- 4052171
TI  - Risk of fatal alcohol poisoning by marital and occupational status.
AB  - Mortality from alcohol poisoning was studied by age, sex, marital status and
      occupation in Finland in 1978-1982. Of 1204 fatal alcohol poisonings, 76 were due
      to methanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, or combinations of these, the rest
      being due to ethanol. Males predominated: the percentage of females was 11%.
      Mortality was highest among persons aged 45-54 years. The risk of fatal poisoning
      differed by marital status and was inversely related to socio-economic level.
      Thus, among males aged 30-59 years, the age-adjusted risk of death among divorced
      pensioners was 15 times that of married men in upper-stratum occupations. If all
      males were at risk equal to that for married upper-stratum men, the annual number
      of fatal alcohol poisonings among males would decrease by 67%.

PMID- 4052172
TI  - The dangers of correlation of mean alcohol consumption with other variables over
      time.

PMID- 4052173
TI  - The accuracy of breath alcohol analysis using the breathalyzer.

PMID- 4052174
TI  - Proceedings of the fifth annual meeting of the Society of Perinatal
      Obstetricians. Las Vegas, January 31-February 2, 1985.

PMID- 4052175
TI  - Complication of insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancies by preeclampsia and/or
      chronic hypertension: analysis of outcome.
AB  - The significance of hypertensive complications of insulin-dependent diabetic
      pregnancies (IDDP) has not been well examined since the early reports of
      Pedersen, which demonstrated an increased risk of neonatal death in women with
      pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). To assess the effect of both PIH and
      chronic hypertension (CH) on outcome of IDDP managed using contemporary
      obstetrical and diabetic management, we reviewed the records of all 199 IDDP
      delivered at our institution over a 7-year period. Patients were classified as
      having PIH (Group 1, n = 37), CH (Group 2, n = 18) or both (Group 3, n = 4) on
      the basis of standard clinical criteria. All other IDDP were placed in the
      control group (Group 4, n = 140). Comparing all groups, significant differences
      were found for maternal age (P less than .0001) and distribution among White's
      Classes (P less than .0001). There was no significant difference in estimated
      gestational age (EGA) at delivery, birthweight, Apgar scores, hypoglycemia,
      hyperbilirubinemia, or congenital anomalies. Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) was
      no more common in Groups 1, 2 or 3 than in Group 4; however, IDDP with CH were
      significantly more likely to have had previous stillbirths than IDDP with PIH (P
      = .011) or control IDDP (P = .017). Contrary to common clinical belief, the
      "stress" of CH and PIH did not offer protection to the newborn in the development
      of RDS or HMD. In fact, Group 3 infants had a higher rate of HMD than control
      infants (P = .024).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052176
TI  - Maternal obesity as a risk factor in gestational diabetes.
AB  - Maternal obesity has been associated with both gestational diabetes mellitus
      (GDM) and neonatal macrosomia. Most studies of obesity in pregnancy have
      demonstrated an increased risk for GDM. However, the contribution of obesity as
      an added risk in GDM has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to
      examine the contribution of obesity as a risk factor to perinatal morbidity in
      gestationally diabetic women by comparing the maternal and neonatal outcome in
      obese and nonobese gestationally diabetic women. From 1979 to 1983, the maternal,
      intrapartum, and neonatal characteristics of all prepartum gravid patients with
      GDM were examined. Of the 158 patients with documented GDM, 62 (39%) were obese
      (weight greater than 90 kg). There was no difference in maternal age (obese 29.3
      +/- 5.4 years, nonobese 28.7 +/- 6.5 years) parity, or prepartum risk score
      between the obese and nonobese patients. The incidence of prematurity, pre
      eclampsia, fetal distress, and primary cesarean sections were not different
      between the groups. There were no differences in Apgar scores, gestational age,
      or perinatal morbidity. However, the obese patients delivered heavier neonates
      expressed as mean birthweight (obese 3667 +/- 682 gms, nonobese 3331 +/- 750 gms.
      P less than .01), the number of macrosomic (greater than 4 kg) neonates (obese
      37%, nonobese 14%, P less than .001) and K-score, (obese 0.8 +/- 1, nonobese 0.4
      +/- 9, P less than .05). These data indicate that obese patients with GDM have an
      increased risk of neonatal macrosomia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052177
TI  - Incidence of premature labor in diabetic patients.

PMID- 4052178
TI  - Effects of preeclampsia on maternal and cord blood clotting activity.
AB  - This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of preeclampsia on maternal and
      cord blood clotting parameters. Pregnant controls and preeclamptics plus their
      offspring had plasma analyzed for prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time,
      fibrinogen, and clotting activity for factors II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XII, plus
      factor II antigen. Maternal data was consistent with that previously reported by
      numerous authors. The cord blood data showed that neonates of the preeclamptic
      mother had elevated fibrinogen and decreased II, V and VII activity, plus
      decreased II antigen. The data indicates that abnormal clotting parameters seen
      in the neonates from preeclampic mothers may result from impaired liver function
      and not as previously thought, from a deficiency in neonatal vitamin K.

PMID- 4052180
TI  - The heightened significance of prolonged bradycardia associated with intrauterine
      growth retardation.
AB  - The significance and management of prepartum bradycardia is not well established
      in prepartum fetal assessment. The incidence of prolonged bradycardia was 3.5%
      (45 per 1284), defined as a decrease of greater than or equal to 40 beats per
      minute of the fetal heart rate (FHR) below the baseline for at least 2 minutes.
      Thirty-two maternal, fetal, and FHR tracing characteristics were examined to
      study correlations between the variables, the presence of the bradycardia, and
      neonatal outcome. Neonatal outcome was evaluated by dividing the population into
      two groups. Group 1 consisted of infants with 1-minute Apgar scores less than 6
      and NICU admissions greater than 24 hours. Group 2 comprised infants with 1
      minute Apgar scores greater than 6 and no NICU admission or less than 24 hours
      NICU admission. IUGR was diagnosed in 40% of the patients. Statistically
      significant associations were found for correlations between Group 1 infants and
      IUGR (P less than .05), oligohydramnios (P less than .05), cesarean section rate
      (P less than .04), and the presence of meconium (P less than .01). There were no
      fetal heart rate characteristics found to be significantly associated with IUGR
      or neonatal outcome. The data do not support the need for immediate delivery in
      patients with prolonged prepartum bradycardia, but its presence does warrant a
      workup for intrauterine growth retardation.

PMID- 4052179
TI  - Water excretion in preeclampsia: behavior as nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - Decreased free water excretion and the development of interstitial edema are
      recognized characteristics of preeclampsia. However, the pathophysiology of
      decreased urine excretion in preeclampsia is presently controversial: diminished
      glomerular filtration, renal arteriolar spasm, elevated plasma vasopressin
      levels, and plasma volume contraction have been suggested as etiologies. We
      studied seven pregnant patients with a diagnosis of mild preeclampsia to assess
      the role of vasopressin, serum protein, and glomerular function in the renal
      excretion of water. The ability to excrete a water load was significantly and
      directly correlated with serum albumin (P less than 0.05) and protein (P less
      than 0.02) concentrations. Neither plasma vasopressin nor creatinine clearance
      correlated with water excretion. The similarity of preeclampsia and the nephrotic
      syndrome with regard to the renal excretion of water is discussed.

PMID- 4052181
TI  - Is amniotic fluid material in the central circulation of peripartum patients
      pathologic?
AB  - Cytologic findings of amniotic fluid material (AFM) in pulmonary arterial blood
      (PAB) of survivors of amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) are assumed to be pathologic.
      However, no cytologic studies of central blood from patients without clinical AFE
      have been reported. To address this question PAB samples from peripartum patients
      without clinical AFE were examined for the presence and extent of AFM (including
      squames, mucin, and lanugo hair). Ten samples were obtained from five patients.
      All patients had at least one sample postpartum. Peripheral blood from a
      nonpregnant adult female control was processed similarly. Results were compared
      to a PAB sample from a patient with clinical AFE. The patient with clinical AFE
      had many squames, clumps of lanugo hair, and mucin in one sample. In six of ten
      study samples, there were squames, accompanied in two cases by lanugo hair or
      trophoblast. In nine of ten samples there was mucin. There appeared to be no
      difference in cytologic findings in patients according to mode of delivery or
      sampling time. The control blood sample was negative for amniotic fluid-like
      material. AFM may be found in peripartum patients without clinical amniotic fluid
      embolism. A quantitative difference was seen between the index patient and each
      of our five study patients. These findings suggest that there is a quantitative
      continuum of AFM transported to the central circulation in peripartum patients
      which may, in part, explain the varied clinical presentations and severity of
      AFE.

PMID- 4052182
TI  - Terminal pattern: characteristics and management.
AB  - Terminal prepartum patterns from 31 patients were associated with 39% perinatal
      mortality rate and major degrees of perinatal asphyxia among survivors.
      Conditions most commonly associated with these patterns were intrauterine growth
      retardation, preeclampsia, and prolonged pregnancy. NST patterns in which there
      was absence of accelerations, absent or reduced variability, with or without
      variable or shallow late decelerations, portended very omnious outcomes when
      accompanied by absent fetal movements and/or oligohydramnios. Perinatal mortality
      was 39% under these circumstances. Immediate cesarean section is warranted when
      this situation is encountered.

PMID- 4052183
TI  - Leukocyte esterase activity in the rapid detection of urinary tract and lower
      genital tract infections in obstetric patients.
AB  - Infections of the vagina and urinary tract are important problems for the
      obstetrician. Examination of the vaginal discharge and urine for the presence of
      leukocytes is an important part of the evaluation for vaginitis and urinary tract
      infections. Neutrophils contain several esterases that are not present in serum,
      urine, or vaginal secretions. These esterases are not influenced by bacteria,
      commonly used drugs, or variable compositions of urine or vaginal secretions. A
      prospective study was performed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of
      leukocyte esterase activity as measured by dipstick (Chemstrip 9, Biodynamics)
      for the prediction of vaginitis and urinary tract infections during pregnancy.
      Results were compared with those obtained from potassium hydroxide smears, wet
      preps, and urine cultures. The vaginal discharge and urine of 65 patients was
      tested for leukocyte esterase activity on their initial OB visit. Leukocyte
      esterase was 100% sensitive and 100% specific for detecting urinary tract
      infections. It was 100% sensitive and 90% specific for predicting vaginal
      infections. Trichomonas infections accounted for the positive leukocyte esterase
      results when the urine culture was negative. On the basis of this study we
      believe that leukocyte esterase activity is sufficiently sensitive and specific
      to permit use of this test as a rapid and inexpensive screening procedure for
      vaginitis and urinary tract infections.

PMID- 4052184
TI  - Clinical chorioamnionitis--analysis of the incubation period in patients with
      preterm premature rupture of membranes.
AB  - Rankit analysis of the incubation periods in 37 patients with preterm premature
      rupture of membranes and chorioamnionitis was done. The analysis revealed the
      existence of three distinctive groups: short (6.4 +/- 2.9 hours), medium (40 +/-
      24.5), and long (210 +/- 75 hours) incubation period. It is postulated that in
      the short incubation period group the preterm premature rupture of membranes is a
      result, rather than the cause, of the infection.

PMID- 4052185
TI  - Investigation of obstetric malpractice closed claims: profile of event.
AB  - The files of 220 obstetric closed-claim cases were reviewed by five obstetricians
      to determine whether information could be collected an analyzed to identify
      common predisposing factors to claims and to suggest preventative measures. The
      data suggests these cases contain common easily identified obstetric risk
      factors, most of which occurred in labor and delivery (66%). Fifty-four percent
      of the risks were recognized, 32% correctly managed, and a high percentage of
      risks were considered by the reviewers to be directly related to the obstetric
      outcome leading to the claim (66%). The authors feel obstetric closed claims can
      be studied and suggestions made to aid obstetricians in providing care.
      Identification of common obstetric risks and correct management of these risks is
      poor in these cases. Recognition and management guidelines are imperative in
      ensuring good obstetric outcome. These two physician-controlled factors played
      important parts in the majority of cases reviewed. It would appear from this
      study that obstetric malpractice closed claims are amenable to study; physicians
      and their patients would benefit from better data collection systems to identify
      risks in individual pregnancies; physicians need readily available resources to
      aid their management of patients; only through modification of physician behavior
      can suits be avoided.

PMID- 4052186
TI  - Effects of pregnancy and magnesium sulfate infusion on blood pressure and plasma
      catecholamines.
AB  - Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) infusion often lowers blood pressure, but the
      responsible mechanisms are not clear. Since catecholamines play a major role in
      blood pressure regulation, we studied the effects of MgSO4 infusion on blood
      pressure, pulse rate, and plasma catecholamines in late pregnant and in
      nonpregnant New Zealand white rabbits. Pregnancy was associated with higher
      levels of dopamine (P less than 0.01) and epinephrine (P less than 0.001). MgSO4
      treatment decreased mean arterial pressure (P less than 0.001), increased pulse
      rate (P less than 0.01), decreased dopamine (P less than 0.01) and decreased
      epinephrine (P less than 0.001). No significant effect on norepinephrine levels
      was noted, and there was no evidence that the effect of MgSO4 treatment was
      influenced by pregnancy. Further investigation is needed to clarify the role of
      catecholamines in mediating the effects of pregnancy and MgSO4 treatment on blood
      pressure regulation.

PMID- 4052187
TI  - Daily variation of serum unconjugated estriol and estetrol in normal pregnancy.
AB  - Serum unconjugated estriol and estetrol were assayed daily in seven nondiabetic,
      uncomplicated third-trimester pregnancies to define the daily variation of these
      compounds. When compared to the mean of the three preceding days' values, or to
      the highest mean of three consecutive daily values previously obtained in a
      pregnancy, daily estriol and estetrol values fell greater than or equal to 40% on
      1.2 and 0% of occasions, respectively. Isolated estriol values represented falls
      of greater than or equal to 40% from previously obtained single estriol values on
      2% of occasions, and no isolated estetrol values fell greater than or equal to
      40% from any other isolated values obtained in a given pregnancy. These results
      define the stability of daily serum estriol and estetrol in late-gestation normal
      pregnancy, although they emphasize the large variability encountered when
      comparing isolated estriol values.

PMID- 4052188
TI  - A comparison of the relative toxicities of beta-sympathomimetic tocolytic agents.
AB  - To define the relative toxicities of ritodrine sulfate, terbutaline sulfate,
      hexaprenaline sulfate, and ritodrine with betamethasone mongrel dogs were treated
      with these agents for 19 hours. The maximum dose of ritodrine was 900
      microgram/min (N = 5), terbutaline 120 micrograms/min (N = 4) and hexaprenaline
      1.5 micrograms/min (N = 4). Betamethasone was given intramuscularly (12 mg) at
      initiation of ritodrine and repeated in 12 hours in four animals. Arrhythmias
      were responsible for five deaths; 2/4 terbutaline, 2/4 ritodrine and beta
      methasone, 1/5 ritodrine, 0/4 hexaprenaline treated animals. Terbutaline-treated
      animals developed arrhythmias during more treatment cycles (50%) and at lower
      drug concentrations, whereas hexaprenaline-treated animals developed arrhythmias
      at higher drug concentrations, with an overall arrhythmia frequency of 14%.
      Terbutaline animals had the highest heart rate (P = 0.02) and lowest mean
      arterial pressure (P = 0.18); the least effect on these parameters being seen
      with hexaprenaline. Cardiac index was higher with terbutaline and hexaprenaline
      compared to ritodrine with or without beta-methasone (P = 0.02). Hypoxemia was
      most severe with terbutaline (pO2 = 58 mm Hg) and least severe with hexaprenaline
      (pO2 = 66 mm Hg); however, this does not explain the difference in the frequency
      of arrhythmias since the mean pO2 during the initial arrhythmias was 76 mm Hg in
      terbutaline treated animals compared to a baseline control of 85 mm Hg. Although
      all animals developed significant acidosis during Phases II-IV, hexaprenaline
      treated animals were the least acidotic (P = 0.036). Hypokalemia was most
      pronounced with terbutaline (P = 0.08 Phase II, P = 0.07 Phase III).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052189
TI  - [Perceived average (principal) pitch of FM-AM tones as a function of the carrier
      frequency].

PMID- 4052190
TI  - Circulatory responses to work at simulated altitudes under different ambient
      temperatures.

PMID- 4052191
TI  - Power spectral analysis of intentional and postural tremor during a simulated
      heliox dive to 31ATA.

PMID- 4052192
TI  - Influence of hyperbaric heliox environment at 31ATA on microvibration and
      electroencephalogram in four divers.

PMID- 4052194
TI  - [Fatigue and emotional state of divers under long term hyperbaric restricted
      environment].

PMID- 4052193
TI  - [Fall in deep body temperature by cold gas inhalation at hyperbaric helium-oxygen
      environments (16 and 31 bar)].

PMID- 4052195
TI  - [On the increased night urine flow and water balance under helium-oxygen high
      pressure].

PMID- 4052196
TI  - [Subjective signs and symptoms in divers during compression with heliox to 300
      meters(31 ATA)].

PMID- 4052197
TI  - Influence of native place on forearm blood flow at rest and during exercise in
      dry and humid heat.

PMID- 4052198
TI  - Regional variation of sweating threshold in Japanese males.

PMID- 4052199
TI  - The lower critical temperature and native place.

PMID- 4052200
TI  - The ventilatory anaerobic threshold with reference to physical characteristics,
      habitual exercise, and regional differences.

PMID- 4052201
TI  - The regional difference of thermal response to immersion during rest and
      exercise.

PMID- 4052202
TI  - Somatometric characteristics of Japanese children: relation to climate.

PMID- 4052203
TI  - Relationship of the peripheral cold tolerance to place of birth, body mass index
      and alcohol consumption.

PMID- 4052204
TI  - Thermal effect on uniform increase in pulmonary diffusing capacity during
      exercise.

PMID- 4052205
TI  - Effect of native place on sweating rate at rest and during exercise in dry and
      humid heat.

PMID- 4052206
TI  - Motor control of electromyographical signals with the biofeedback training.

PMID- 4052207
TI  - Efficiency and effectiveness.

PMID- 4052208
TI  - Were you knocked out?--Yes, but I wasn't admitted.
AB  - A prospective study was undertaken of the effects of applying a more selective
      admission policy to a group of 6685 accident and emergency attenders with head
      injuries. The efficacy of such a policy was assessed by comparison with 5768 head
      injury attenders subject to an orthodox admission policy and collected
      retrospectively. Epidemiological characteristics of both study groups, of
      patients not admitted but who would previously have been admitted, and of
      patients admitted because of head injury alone during the prospective study are
      detailed. The more selective policy was no worse than current practice in terms
      of immediate morbidity and mortality. Survival of patients with post-traumatic
      intracranial haematomas was more likely in the prospective group, as was the
      diagnosis and treatment of such lesions while the patients were alive. Patients
      admitted because of head injury alone were reduced to one-third of their expected
      number and all admissions, from among those attenders with head injury in the
      prospective study, were reduced by half. Adopting such a policy nationally could
      save 11,000,000 pounds annually.

PMID- 4052209
TI  - The detection of the hidden 'alcoholic' in the accident and emergency department.

PMID- 4052210
TI  - Emergency care of the elderly in the short-stay ward of the accident and
      emergency department.
AB  - Review of a consecutive series of the elderly patients who presented unheralded
      to the Accident and Emergency Department of the Royal Gwent Hospital showed that
      a relative minority (11%) were difficult to manage because they had no obvious
      acute medical condition or injury which qualified them for admission by the firms
      to whom they were first referred. The difficulty was compounded by the shortage
      of geriatric beds. Judicious use of short-stay ward beds in the accident and
      emergency department relieved pressure on beds elsewhere and allowed a short
      space of time in which preparation could be made for the patient's further care
      in the community. Elderly patients were removed quickly from the stretcher area
      of the accident and emergency department to the quieter surroundings of the short
      stay ward, where their immediate nursing requirements could be readily met. It
      was not then necessary for them to be on a trolley for hours while junior doctors
      haggled on the telephone or nurses were too busy to administer food, drink and
      bedpans.

PMID- 4052211
TI  - A simple procedure with nail preservation for ingrowing toe-nails.
AB  - The numerous methods used for treating ingrowing toe-nails are testimony to the
      lack of a generally acceptable procedure with a low failure rate. A simple
      procedure with nail preservation is described, and the results of treatment
      assessed. The procedure consists of making a transposition flap of the nail wall
      after preliminary curettage of the granulation tissue in the nail groove. A total
      of 82 patients were treated by this method over a 3-year period, and the results
      in 63 patients were assessed between 18 months and 3 years after surgery. A total
      of 120 operations were carried out and 110 (92%) were successful. The treatment
      is effective, well tolerated, not technically difficult, and should be considered
      as an alternative to current methods of treatment.

PMID- 4052212
TI  - Hand injury in the accident and emergency service.
AB  - The management of hand injuries forms an important part of the hospital accident
      and emergency service, and early recognition and informed management are
      essential for a favourable outcome (Frazier et al., 1978). In Edinburgh a routine
      system of hand management is well established and includes the training of
      casualty officers. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the hand service in
      the Accident and Emergency Department, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, a
      prospective study was undertaken to compare the outcome of treatment of hand
      injury by a routine system with treatment over a similar period by more
      experienced registrars in hand surgery training posts (Hand Fellows).

PMID- 4052213
TI  - The reliability of patients in delivering their letter from the hospital accident
      and emergency department to their general practitioner.
AB  - A study over a 2-week period was undertaken to determine what the delivery
      success rate was for letters given to a patient in the accident and emergency
      department for delivery to that patient's general practitioner. This was found to
      be 60% at 2 weeks, rising to 71% at 4 weeks. The only statistically significant
      factor affecting this success rate was the age of the patient. The importance of
      the delivery of these letters is emphasized.

PMID- 4052214
TI  - Abdominal injury inflicted by animals.

PMID- 4052215
TI  - Unnecessary attendance to the accident and emergency department.

PMID- 4052216
TI  - How common is accidental hypothermia?

PMID- 4052217
TI  - A study of diurnal and seasonal variation of multiple injuries in childhood.

PMID- 4052218
TI  - Monarticular septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint.

PMID- 4052219
TI  - Theoretical aspects of diagnostic histopathology and their relation to
      morphometry.
AB  - The theoretical aspects of diagnostic histopathology are discussed and their
      relationship to morphometry is examined. In diagnostic pathology, one tends to
      look at certain structural features, overlooking other details regarded as
      unimportant. In fact, the pathologist is continuously reducing the images under
      observation into a new simplified reality, based on a theoretical model
      (concept). The model is composed of features in a structural interrelation that
      is thought to be specific for the pathologic diagnosis being considered. The
      pathologist also selects appropriate regions for study in order to enhance the
      possible successful application of the appropriate criteria for the given
      diagnosis; the diversity of different tissues within, between and at different
      levels requires a vast experience in order to select the appropriate criteria in
      a specific situation. Analytical histopathology and morphometry require a more
      conscious construction of a model comprising the concept of the pathologic
      process and the criteria for its diagnosis. The theoretical background
      subconsciously used in the pathologist's daily practice is thus the essential
      knowledge for the application of morphometry in diagnostic histopathology, the
      basis on which elements for measurement or counting and on which compartments for
      calculation are selected.

PMID- 4052220
TI  - Diagnostic morphometry in emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
AB  - A morphometric technique of point counting was developed for macroscopic use in
      emphysematous lungs and microscopic use in bronchi to obtain actual areas and
      volumes, as opposed to ratios or percentages, of emphysema and submucosal glands.
      The results in emphysematous lungs showed that the volume of emphysema seen in
      one slice of one lung cannot be used to predict the volume in other slices, nor
      the volume of emphysema in one lung to predict the volume of emphysema in the
      other. The results in the airways showed that, if the volume of bronchial glands
      in each generation along an airway is expressed per unit of luminal surface area,
      a distinctive profile of gland distribution along the airway is obtained, as well
      as the mean volume per gland. These results are discussed in relation to the
      application of morphometry in individual cases for diagnostic purposes, revealing
      a need for a central repository of validated methods, so that each method is not
      repeatedly revalidated, and normal baseline data for the diagnostic morphometrist
      to use in deciding whether the findings in his or her individual patients are of
      diagnostic significance.

PMID- 4052221
TI  - The EPICS C analyzer. An ergometrically designed flow cytometer computer system.
AB  - A description is presented of a new flow-cytometer (FCM) computer system, the
      EPICS C analyzer, which was developed to be used by a moderately trained
      technician as opposed to an FCM expert. The system was made robust and user
      friendly by the use of menu-based rather than command-driven software. The user
      primarily interacts with the self-explanatory menus by depressing one of the
      eight membrane selector switches located on each side of the screen. The
      minimizing of typing and restriction of the user's responses greatly simplify the
      use and design of the software. The EPICS C operates in two modes: as a reliable
      clinical instrument and as a research tool. The instrument settings are stored on
      disk files rather than manually logged into a book. The settings for the
      predefined tests are read from the disk.

PMID- 4052222
TI  - Quantitative low-resolution analysis of colon mucosa.
AB  - A general concept is presented for the analysis of histopathologically
      adenomatous structures at low levels of magnification. The algorithm is based
      upon structures of glands, not upon structures of single cells. Low microscopic
      magnification was used to assess the following parameters in colon mucosa:
      minimum diameter of glands, minimum distance to neighboring glands, number of
      neighbors, area of glands and circumference of glands. Twenty different specimens
      were analyzed for each of the following diagnostic groups: healthy tissue,
      tubulovillous adenoma and moderately to highly differentiated adenocarcinoma of
      the colon. Statistically significant differences (p less than or equal to 0.01)
      were obtained for each measured parameter for each group. The data indicate that
      low-resolution morphometry can be used successfully for the automatic separation
      of healthy, benign and malignant growths in adenomatous tissue.

PMID- 4052223
TI  - Ploidy patterns in cervical dysplasia.
AB  - The ploidy patterns determined for groups of patients with cervical dysplasia
      (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN]) were subjected to statistical
      analysis. The patterns were based on the measurement of at least 100 Feulgen
      stained nuclei from 30 patients with normal cervices, 10 cases of CIN I, 18 cases
      of CIN II and 33 cases of CIN III. The scale of the patterns was a log
      transformation of the ratio of the total extinction (optical density) of the
      nuclei to that of the 2N reference; this widens the intervals for higher
      ploidies, alleviating sampling requirements for intervals in which occurrences
      are rare and helping to maintain a reasonable sample size-to-dimensionality
      ratio. Pairwise discriminant analyses showed clear distinctions between the
      ploidy pattern for normal cases and those for CIN I, CIN II and CIN III. The
      distinctions between the different grades of CIN, based on these modest sample
      sizes, were less clearcut, largely due to pronounced patient-to-patient
      variability. Analysis of variance confirmed that the patient groups constitute
      statistically distinct entities. An aneuploid pattern did not seem to develop
      until CIN III lesions were involved. The diagnostic and prognostic significance
      of these preliminary findings require further study using larger data sets and
      correlations to patient survival.

PMID- 4052224
TI  - Comparison of cytologic and acridine-orange flow-cytometric detection of
      malignant cells in human body cavity fluids.
AB  - Flow cytometrically (FCM) derived DNA and RNA profiles were studied in acridine
      orange (AO)-stained body cavity fluid (BCF) specimens obtained from 78 patients
      with various solid tissue and hematologic malignancies. The ploidy (DNA index),
      RNA content (RNA index), proliferative activity (% S + G2M) and DNA and RNA
      scattergram patterns were tested "double-blind" against the cytologic scoring of
      specimens as malignant, benign or reactive. It was determined that expression of
      an "abnormal" RNA index (greater than or equal to 2.8) and an elevated
      proliferative activity (% S + G2M greater than or equal to 7.4) was dependent on
      the presence of malignancy; 21 of 22 specimens having those abnormal indices had
      DNA aneuploidy and were cytologically scored as positive. The AO FCM sensitivity
      and specificity for detecting malignant cells (when measured against cytology
      scoring) were 61% and 90%, respectively, using the "abnormal" RNA index and % S +
      G2M cut-offs together with the cellular DNA aneuploidy marker. By supplementing
      the cytologic scoring with AO FCM DNA and RNA features, the sensitivity for
      detecting malignant cells was 94%, as compared to 72% for cytology alone. Two
      specimens gave false-positive FCM results: a tuberculous effusion with a
      tetraploid subpopulation and a reactive mesothelial proliferation that was
      diploid and negative cytologically. Scoring for malignancy based on the visual
      pattern of the DNA and RNA FCM scattergrams, while showing good correlation for
      aneuploid specimens, in some cases failed to identify diploid disease. The
      results demonstrate the usefulness of FCM DNA and RNA analysis for supplementing
      cytologic examination of BCF specimens for the purpose of detecting malignant
      cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052225
TI  - [Strategic aspects for the implementation of a National Program for Oral
      Rehydration in Diarrhea].

PMID- 4052226
TI  - [Hereditary erythrocyte enzymopathies in newborn infants with
      hyperbilirubinemia].

PMID- 4052227
TI  - [Prenatal education in breast feeding].

PMID- 4052228
TI  - [Spastic infantile cerebral paralysis. Surgery of the lower extremities].

PMID- 4052229
TI  - [Susceptibility of Salmonella and Shigella to antimicrobial agents at the
      Hospital Infantil de Mexico, 1979-1980].

PMID- 4052230
TI  - [Vertebral granuloma caused by coccidioidomycosis with compression of the spinal
      cord].

PMID- 4052231
TI  - [Multiple neonatal invagination].

PMID- 4052232
TI  - [Pulmonary manifestations of genetic diseases in childhood].

PMID- 4052233
TI  - [Glucose in the cerebrospinal fluid].

PMID- 4052234
TI  - [Disclosure of drinking behavior, social drinking and blood alcohol
      concentration].

PMID- 4052235
TI  - [Do infusion solutions contain alcoholic cogeners? Determination of the content
      of volatile substances in 76 infusion solutions].

PMID- 4052236
TI  - [Refusal to give a blood sample--a peculiarity of the Swiss traffic law].

PMID- 4052237
TI  - [Big business with alcohol--a report by the United Nations].

PMID- 4052238
TI  - [Possibility of using a vigilance test within the scope of medico-psychologic
      assessment].

PMID- 4052239
TI  - [Is alcohol crime in street traffic decreasing?].

PMID- 4052240
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of isoxicam in two pharmaceutical formulations.

PMID- 4052241
TI  - Potential biologically active agents. Note II. Synthesis and pharmacological
      evaluation of some new 3-isoxazolyl-substituted-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-ones.

PMID- 4052242
TI  - [Evaluation of various type closures for parenteral solutions].

PMID- 4052243
TI  - Direct HPLC assessment of oxytetracycline in serum of rabbits treated with a long
      acting formulation.

PMID- 4052244
TI  - [Treatment of arterial hypertension with a calcium-channel blocking agent,
      nicardipine hydrochloride].

PMID- 4052245
TI  - Calcium exchange in vital and devitalized bone cultures.

PMID- 4052246
TI  - A quantitative comparison between the two phases of the ventricular ejection.

PMID- 4052248
TI  - Serum gastrin concentrations and changes in gastric pH following meals of
      different viscosities in healthy subjects.

PMID- 4052247
TI  - Effects of glucocorticoids on hormonal activation of adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 4052249
TI  - Effect of a thymus fraction on the small apo B of rats fed a diet rich in
      cholesterol.

PMID- 4052250
TI  - The serum apo E in rats following cholesterol diet and thymus treatment.

PMID- 4052251
TI  - [Neurological deficit following lesions of the periarcuate cortex in monkeys].

PMID- 4052252
TI  - [Inter-hemispheric differences in response to the presentation of same-different
      visual stimuli in chronic alcoholics].

PMID- 4052253
TI  - [Blood calcium in experimental headache].

PMID- 4052254
TI  - [Lymphoplasmapheresis in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 4052255
TI  - [Atmospheric pollutants and pregnancy: fetal toxicity of exposure to air polluted
      by combustion engine gas].

PMID- 4052256
TI  - [Determination of the mutagenic activity of human urine--comparison of analytic
      methods].

PMID- 4052257
TI  - [Mutagenic activity of chlorodimethylsulfide and some of its aniline
      derivatives].

PMID- 4052258
TI  - [Observations on the teeth of Torpedo marmorata].

PMID- 4052259
TI  - Influence of neural retina on lens fibre differentiation in rats.
AB  - Lens epithelial explants grown in retina-conditioned medium (RCM) undergo
      structural and molecular changes characteristic of fibre differentiation in the
      intact lens. We suggest that in vivo neural retina releases a fibre
      differentiation factor (FDF) that interacts with equatorial lens epithelial cells
      and stimulates them to undergo fibre cell differentiation. According to this
      model, interaction with neural retina is essential for normal lens formation in
      embryos and for normal lens growth throughout life. Preliminary work on
      purification of the factor indicates that FDF activity is associated with a high
      molecular weight complex of 500 kd. The active component of this complex appears
      to be an 80 kd molecule.

PMID- 4052260
TI  - Cytogenesis in the developing retina of the cat.
AB  - Cytogenesis in the cat retina was studied using tritiated (3H) thymidine
      autoradiography and nuclear stains. Three zones of cell division were recognized.
      In the first zone cell cleavage occurs at the outer limiting membrane. The
      distribution of these mitotic figures is uniform as early as an embryonic age of
      29 days (E29) until E50. At about E50 a "cold spot", made apparent by the absence
      of mitotic figures, is evident at the site of the developing area centralis. This
      spreads to encompass the whole retina by postnatal day 10 (P10). A second zone of
      cell division was recognized by the presence in the developing inner nuclear
      layer of 3H-thymidine labelled nuclei which do not migrate to the outer limiting
      membrane (ventricular surface) to divide. Some of these labelled nuclei are
      located in regions of the retina where cytogenesis at the ventricular surface has
      ceased. A third zone was observed in the optic nerve fibre/ganglion cell layers
      from about E54 until beyond the first postnatal month. This activity gives rise
      to vascular endothelial cells in the nerve fibre/ganglion cell layers. Once
      established, the developing vascular cells invade the inner plexiform and inner
      nuclear layers to form the deeper capillary net.

PMID- 4052261
TI  - Retinal development in humans: the roles of differential growth rates, cell
      migration and naturally occurring cell death.
AB  - The distribution of ganglion cells throughout the retinal ganglion cell layer is
      non-uniform in adult mammals. This paper reviews some of our data describing the
      development of retinal ganglion cell topography in the human fetus. Results
      indicated that early in the fetal period the distribution of cells in the
      ganglion cell layer is almost uniform, but by the end of gestation there is a
      gradient in cell density of about 10:1 (central:peripheral). Peripheral retina
      grows more rapidly than the central retina prior to about 23 weeks gestation, but
      this differential growth rate apparently has little effect on the development of
      a centro-peripheral density gradient. The gradient appears between about 18 and
      30 weeks gestation, and during this period there appears to be a greater rate of
      cell death in the ganglion cell layer of the peripheral retina. Cell density at
      the developing fovea is less than the perifoveal cell density at all ages,
      suggesting that ganglion cells migrate from foveal into perifoveal regions
      throughout the fetal period.

PMID- 4052262
TI  - The development of the optic nerve in rodents.
AB  - In mammals, normal visual function depends upon both the retinotopic organization
      of visual nuclei and their interconnections. We have investigated in rodents some
      developmental mechanisms contributing to this organization. On embryonic day 14,
      in the rat, retinal ganglion cells first project axons through glial channels on
      the retinal surface before reaching the optic stalk. We suggest that the sequence
      in which axons enter the stalk (central before peripheral) and their prominent
      fasciculation impose some retinotopic order amongst the emerging optic nerve
      fibres. At birth (embryonic day 21) there are over 240 000 axons in the optic
      nerve, all non-myelinated. However, within one week, the number falls to the
      adult value (100 000) and myelination, complete in the adult, commences. Axons
      lost include some which misproject--to the opposite eye or to inappropriate parts
      of central visual regions. The number of surviving retinal ganglion cells depends
      on the amount of appropriate target tissue available. It is well established that
      removal of one eye early in development increases the survival of axons in the
      remaining optic nerve. However, in a group of adult mice with congenital
      unilateral anophthalmia, we counted only 21 000 optic axons in the remaining
      nerve compared with the 31 000 in normal mice of the same strain. Degenerating
      axons were observed, suggesting that the defect is not a simple developmental
      failure, but is associated with active degenerative processes throughout life.

PMID- 4052263
TI  - Scleritis and the spectrum of external inflammatory eye disease.
AB  - Scleritis, episcleritis and Mooren's ulcer form a poorly understood spectrum of
      inflammatory syndromes involving the ocular surface. Their pathogenesis is
      thought to be a vasculitis and may be related to immune complex deposition, as
      these syndromes are often associated with systemic diseases which are assumed to
      be vasculitic in aetiology. Scleritis and Mooren's ulcer are amongst the most
      severe external inflammatory diseases, often causing extensive damage to the
      sclera and cornea. They require aggressive investigation and management, often
      including systemic anti-inflammatory therapy. Systemic immunosuppression may be
      necessary to control severe disease.

PMID- 4052264
TI  - A microprocessor-driven one-operator forced-choice preferential looking
      apparatus.
AB  - Forced-choice preferential looking (FPL) is a behavioural technique for the
      estimation of visual acuity in preverbal children. We have constructed an
      electromechanical FPL apparatus controlled by a microprocessor requiring just one
      operator. Sixty-three babies aged between six weeks and eleven months were
      evaluated with an overall success rate of 83% in obtaining an acuity measurement.
      FPL is a practical method for measurement of infant visual acuity in the
      ophthalmic clinic setting.

PMID- 4052265
TI  - Reconstruction of the contracted ocular socket.
AB  - Totally contracted ocular sockets are difficult to reconstruct and many patients
      resort to wearing a black patch. One reason for surgical failure is that many
      popular techniques attach a mucous membrane or a skin-lined vertical stent to the
      superior or inferior orbital rim. This produces a vertical space that commonly
      shrinks and becomes too small to retain an artificial eye. The normal anatomy of
      the ocular cul-de-sac is C-shaped rather than vertical. It passes under the
      orbital roof superiorly and over the floor inferiorly. A technique has been
      devised in which the mid-aspect of a custom-made C-shaped mucous membrane-lined
      conformer is secured to the superior and inferior orbital rims. This attachment
      forces the posterior periphery of the conformer deep into the socket to form a
      space that stimulates the normal anatomy of the ocular cul-de-sac. The described
      technique has been successful in producing a spacious cul-de-sac in 36 patients
      with total socket contractures. A modification of the technique has been
      successful in treating 12 patients with partial contractures. All patients have
      easily retained an artificial eye after operation.

PMID- 4052266
TI  - Mullers muscle-conjunctival resection ptosis procedure.
AB  - The Mullers muscle-conjunctival resection procedure is a relatively simple means
      of relieving upper eyelid ptosis. Candidates for the operation are chosen by
      placing several drops of 10% phenylephrine hydrochloride into the upper ocular
      fornix. If the upper lid elevates close to a normal level after five minutes, the
      patient is selected for the operation. A specially designed clamp is applied to
      6.5 to 9.5 mm of conjunctiva and Mullers muscle above the superior tarsal border.
      A suture is run distal to the clamp, connecting conjunctiva and Mullers muscle to
      the superior tarsal border, and then the tissues held in the clamp are resected.
      The Mullers muscle-conjunctival resection has advantages over the Fasanella
      procedure, because tarsus is preserved, and over the levator aponeurosis
      advancement and tuck procedures, because the results are much more predictable.

PMID- 4052267
TI  - Involutional ptosis: recognition and management.
AB  - Involutional ptosis is a ptosis of varying degree. There is good levator function
      with a high lid fold and increased lid excursion on downgaze. There may be
      increased translucency of the upper lid. We reviewed all adult ptosis cases over
      the past three years at Sydney Eye Hospital and found 20 cases to have
      aponeurotic defects such as a dehiscence or disinsertion. Ninety percent of our
      cases had a positive 10% phenylephrine test. We recommend that all operations be
      done under local anaesthesia without adrenaline, overcorrecting by 1-2 mm at the
      time of surgery.

PMID- 4052268
TI  - Variations in management of adnexal tumours.
AB  - Three interesting cases in which unconventional treatment has been very
      successful are presented. The first was a fibrous histiocytoma of the conjunctiva
      which recurred twice after apparently complete surgical excision, but which
      responded to immunotherapy using dinitrochlorobenzene. The second was a squamous
      cell carcinoma of the lower eyelid treated by total surgical excision of the lid;
      the wound was allowed to heal by granulation with an excellent cosmetic result.
      The third was a squamous cell carcinoma of the limbus treated by lamellar
      excision with the Crock Contact-lens Corneal Cutter; the wound was allowed to
      granulate, and in so doing, caused negligible astigmatism.

PMID- 4052269
TI  - Conjunctival and limbal tumours.
AB  - One hundred cases of histologically proven corneal and conjunctival tumours were
      extracted from the records at the Princess Alexandra Hospital and from the senior
      author's private practice in the last ten years. The tumours were analysed
      according to Duke-Elder's classification. There were 78 epithelial tumours, 15
      pigmented naevi, four melanomas, two dermolipomas and one limbal dermoid.
      Fourteen of the 41 epithelial carcinomas were followed for three years or more.
      None of the 14 recurred.

PMID- 4052270
TI  - Hydatid cyst: an unusual cause of diplopia.
AB  - A 59-year-old man presented with double vision due to vertical displacement of
      one eye by an infraorbital mass that indented the globe. Some 10 years previously
      he had had a Caldwell-Luc antrostomy for chronic sinusitis. Following
      investigation, the antrostomy was revised and an orbital cyst with a histological
      appearance suggestive of a mucocele was excised via an anterior inferior
      orbitotomy. The orbital mass recurred with identical symptoms some 18 months
      later with a second mass confluent with the first, presenting subcutaneously
      through his zygoma. A further radical antrostomy was performed enabling a
      diagnosis of a hydatid cyst of the antrum to be made. The unusual features of
      this rare cause of diplopia are discussed and illustrated. The literature on
      orbital hydatid cysts is reviewed and recommendations made as regards adequate
      surgical exposure and not irrigating orbital cysts with noxious agents.

PMID- 4052271
TI  - Pattern formation in the retinal ganglion cell layer and visual brain centres.
AB  - Development of adult patterns of cell distribution in the retinal ganglion cell
      layer from an approximately even initial topography are described for frogs and
      mammals. An area centralis and visual streak form in the frog only after
      metamorphosis, probably by the greater addition of cells to the ciliary margin
      nasally and temporally than dorsally and ventrally. By contrast, in mammals all
      cells destined to occupy the ganglion cell layer are generated before the area
      centralis and visual streak are formed. Patterns of cell death seem unlikely to
      explain changing cells distributions within the ganglion cell population and we
      are currently documenting patterns of cell migration to address this issue. The
      formation of specific connections between retinal ganglion cells and their
      partner cells in the brains of lower vertebrates is also discussed. At stages
      before optic axon outgrowth the eye already contains positional information to
      determine formation of appropriate central connections. Optic nerve regeneration
      studies in frogs indicate that positional cues are available in visual centres.
      However, interactions between fibres can overwhelm any such cues, allowing an
      orderly shift in connections to accommodate changes in the relative numbers of
      ganglion cells and their partner cells in the brain. Thus in the frog,
      retinotopicity is maintained during the postmetamorphic increase in ganglion cell
      number associated with area centralis and visual streak formation, despite an
      absence of central cell division. Similarly, an entire visual field in time
      becomes represented in an orderly fashion within the remaining portion of a
      partially ablated mature visual centre. Interactions between fibres are also
      considered responsible for the formation of ocular dominance columns, such as
      those found in binocular regions of the mammalian visual cortex. The role of
      visual experience is usually to refine and maintain the precise patterns of
      connectivity established by ontogenetic mechanisms.

PMID- 4052272
TI  - Distribution of fluoride in calcified cartilage of a fluoride-treated
      osteoporotic patient.
AB  - Subchondral bone and calcified cartilage from a femoral head of a 74-year-old
      osteoporotic woman treated for 30 months with sodium fluoride were analyzed. The
      fluoride content of the calcified tissues was determined by a specific ion
      electrode, and the topographic distribution pattern of fluoride was determined
      with an electron microprobe. The fluoride content in calcified cartilage (0.39%
      of ash) was higher than in neighboring subchondral bone (0.28% of ash). Line scan
      and X-ray images indicated a high concentration of fluoride in the outer layer of
      calcified cartilage lining the uncalcified cartilage, as well as in the inner
      layer of the subcortical endosteal bone. This study shows that calcified
      cartilage is an important site of fluoride deposition, and suggests that the
      accumulation of fluoride is related to the calcification process.

PMID- 4052273
TI  - Intermethod variation in bone histomorphometry: comparison between manual and
      computerized methods applied to iliac bone biopsies.
AB  - The intermethod variation in the measurement of basic bone histomorphometric
      parameters was evaluated on 100 undecalcified transiliac bone biopsies. Two
      contiguous samples were taken from 50 patients (33 females; 17 males; mean age:
      52 +/- 19 years) for diagnostic purposes. The diagnoses were osteoporosis (n =
      38), renal osteodystrophy (n = 18), primary hyperparathyroidism (n = 16),
      osteomalacia (n = 12), metastatic bone disease (n = 2), thyrotoxic bone (n = 2),
      fluorosis (n = 2), and 10 biopsies were considered as "normal" bone. Trabecular
      bone volume (TBV) was measured with both a manual integrating eyepiece and an
      automatic (QUANTIMET 720-Cambridge Instruments, Cambridge, England) method.
      Trabecular resorption surfaces (TRS), trabecular osteoid surfaces (TOS), and
      volume (TOV) were measured with both a manual and a semiautomatic (VIDEOPLAN
      Kontron, Munich, West Germany) method. The calcification rate (CR) was measured
      with both a manual and a semiautomatic method in eight cases after double
      labeling with tetracycline. Inter- and intraobserver variations were always lower
      with the automatic and semiautomatic methods than with the manual method, except
      for TOV. For all the parameters there was a highly significant correlation
      between manual and computerized methods (0.98 greater than r greater than 0.90).
      For TBV and CR no significant difference was noted, but for TBV the QUANTIMET
      appeared more sensitive, that is, better able to detect low values of the
      structure to be measured. For TRS, the manual method underestimated low values
      and appeared less sensitive than the semiautomatic method. For the 100 biopsies,
      the VIDEOPLAN underestimated the osteoid parameters by 13% for TOS and 26% for
      TOV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052274
TI  - The effect of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D2 on calcium metabolism in glucocorticoid
      treated rats.
AB  - Intestinal calcium transport and renal calcium and phosphate excretion have been
      measured in normal and prednisolone-treated rats. Prednisolone treatment reduced
      intestinal calcium transport and increased phosphate excretion, causing a
      reduction in serum phosphate. Both 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 1 alpha
      hydroxyvitamin D3 normalized phosphate excretion, whereas 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin
      D3 was not fully effective in serum phosphate. Prednisolone treatment also caused
      a decreased bone density that was prevented both with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D2
      and 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3. 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D2 appeared at least as
      effective as 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in correcting the bone disturbance.

PMID- 4052275
TI  - The role of osteocytes in bone resorption during lactation: morphometric
      observations.
AB  - It has been suggested that osteocytes may resorb bone during the calcium
      mobilization that occurs during lactation. To test this hypothesis morphometric
      methods were used to evaluate changes in mature nonmated female rats, 6-day
      postpartum nonlactating rats, 21-day postpartum nonlactating rats, 6-day
      lactating rats, 15-day lactating rats, and 21-day lactating rats using femur
      cross sections in the diaphyseal region. Osteoclast resorption per unit length of
      periosteal surface, as well as other measures of resorption activity,
      demonstrated that by 15 days of lactation a significant mobilization of calcium
      was occurring. The volume density of osteocyte lacunae and individual lacunar
      volumes from serial section reconstruction showed no increase in the lactating
      groups. Indeed, the only significant change in lacunae volume was a decrease
      apparently due to pregnancy. It is concluded from this study that osteocytes do
      not resorb bone during lactation.

PMID- 4052276
TI  - Effect of early treatment with propranolol on left ventricular function four
      weeks after myocardial infarction.
AB  - Left ventricular function and exercise capacity were assessed in 79 patients
      randomised to receive intravenous and oral propranolol (n = 44) or conventional
      therapy (n = 35) within four hours of onset of their first myocardial infarction.
      Cineangiocardiography and exercise testing were performed four weeks after
      infarction to allow for maximum recovery of myocardial function. Left
      ventriculography showed no improvement in ejection fraction or preservation of
      regional contractile function in patients treated with propranolol compared with
      controls. A trend towards smaller end diastolic volumes was seen in the
      propranolol group (mean (SD) 151(42) ml) compared with controls (167(42) ml).
      Exercise duration and frequency of angina were not significantly different in the
      two groups. It is concluded that limitation of infarct size by propranolol does
      not lead to a significant improvement in ventricular systolic function, although
      left ventricular dilatation may be reduced. These findings are consistent with
      the known effect of early intravenous beta blockade which limits infarct size by
      preservation of subepicardial myocardium.

PMID- 4052277
TI  - Coronary anatomy in patients with various manifestations of three vessel coronary
      artery disease.
AB  - The histology of coronary arteries was compared in patients with rest and effort
      angina. The arteries came from six patients with three vessel disease who died
      within four weeks of arteriography and ambulatory ST segment monitoring. Sections
      of all macroscopically visible arteries were taken every 5 mm and examined
      histologically. Episodes of ST segment depression had occurred on exertion in two
      patients, during exertion and rest (nocturnal) in two, and two patients had had
      no episodes of ST segment depression during ambulatory monitoring. Concentric
      (29%) or eccentric (62%) intimal thickening due to atheroma or fibroelastic
      tissue was found in 91% of sections. All but two normal intimal sections (1%)
      were found to be diseased in patients with ambulatory ST segment changes.
      Eccentric lesions with medial smooth muscle preservation in areas without intimal
      thickening, where further luminal narrowing could occur due to increases in
      smooth muscle tone, were found in 15% of sections. But these areas were not found
      in the proximal 3.5 cm of any of the major coronary arteries of the two patients
      with rest and effort ischaemia. Spasm could not have caused total occlusion in
      any of these arteries because the lumen was splinted by the lesion. There was no
      difference in mean luminal narrowing between patients with exertional and rest
      ischaemia and exertional ischaemia only (mean 74%), but mean luminal narrowing
      was lower in patients with no ambulatory episodes of ST segment change (39%).
      Thus medial smooth muscle spasm was unlikely to have caused occlusion in patients
      with ambulatory ST segment changes, although it could have altered lumen
      diameter. There are no histological differences in the coronary arteries of
      patients with rest or effort induced myocardial ischaemia.

PMID- 4052278
TI  - Changes in left ventricular stroke volume measured by Doppler echocardiography.
AB  - Cardiac stroke volume was measured simultaneously by Doppler echocardiography and
      thermodilution in 20 patients with coronary artery disease. Stroke volume as
      determined by ultrasound was calculated from the area of the aortic orifice and
      the flow velocity just distal to the aortic cusps. The recordings were made twice
      at rest. Ten patients were given dobutamine (2.5 and 5.0 micrograms/kg/min) by
      infusion to induce rapid changes in stroke volume from the resting state. The
      individual Doppler data before, during, and after dobutamine infusion correlated
      closely with the thermodilution data (r = 0.92). These results suggest that
      Doppler echocardiography reliably detects changes in stroke volume.

PMID- 4052279
TI  - Measurement of mitral regurgitation by Doppler echocardiography.
AB  - In an attempt to develop a new approach to the non-invasive measurement of mitral
      regurgitation, Doppler echocardiography and left ventriculography were performed
      in 20 patients without valvar heart disease (group A) and in 30 patients with
      pure mitral regurgitation (group B). Volumetric flows through the aortic and the
      mitral orifices were determined by Doppler echocardiography. Aortic flow (AF) was
      calculated as the product of the aortic orifice area and the systolic velocity
      integral. The mitral flow (MF) was calculated as the product of the corrected
      mitral orifice area and the diastolic velocity integral. The mitral regurgitant
      fraction (RF) was calculated as RF = 1 - AF/MF. In group A aortic and mitral flow
      were very similar and the difference between the two did not differ significantly
      from zero. In group B the mitral flow was significantly larger than the aortic
      flow. There was a good correlation (r = 0.82) between the regurgitant fraction
      determined by Doppler echocardiography and the regurgitant grades determined by
      left ventriculography. The regurgitant fraction increased significantly with each
      grade of severity. These results show that Doppler echocardiography can be used
      to give a reliable measure of both aortic and mitral flow. This technique is a
      new and promising approach to the non-invasive measurement of mitral
      regurgitation.

PMID- 4052280
TI  - Coronary artery ectasia. Its prevalence and clinical significance in 4993
      patients.
AB  - To assess the clinical significance of coronary artery ectasia 4993 consecutive
      coronary arteriograms were reviewed to identify patients with this condition and
      to allow the assessment of their progress. Coronary ectasia was a relatively
      uncommon finding (overall incidence 1.4%). It was not related to the development
      of aortic aneurysms and did not affect the outcome, results of coronary artery
      surgery, or symptoms.

PMID- 4052281
TI  - Aortic stenosis in adults. Non-invasive estimation of pressure differences by
      continuous wave Doppler echocardiography.
AB  - The peak and mean aortic transvalvar pressure differences measured invasively and
      non-invasively by continuous wave Doppler echocardiography were compared in 87
      consecutive patients with aortic stenosis. The mean values were calculated from
      the maximal velocities of the aortic jet recorded with a spectral display of the
      Doppler frequency shifts and by applying a modified Bernoulli equation.
      Technically satisfactory velocity curves for estimating the mean pressure
      differences could not be obtained in three patients and invasive measurements
      were not obtained in two. In all patients the peak transvalvar pressure
      difference was calculated since the aortic jet was identified non-invasively. The
      peak and mean pressure differences measured invasively and non-invasively
      correlated well--with only minor underestimation of the pressure differences
      measured with the Doppler technique--regardless of age, sex, and the presence or
      absence of aortic valvar regurgitation, or other valvar lesions. With a
      systematic search for the highest velocities in the aortic jet and with on line
      spectral analysis of the Doppler frequencies the peak and the mean aortic
      pressure differences can be determined non-invasively with a high degree of
      precision in almost all patients.

PMID- 4052282
TI  - Comparison of primary plexogenic arteriopathy in adults and children. A
      morphometric study in 40 patients.
AB  - Pulmonary vascular changes were studied in histological sections from 15 children
      and 25 adults with primary plexogenic arteriopathy. The severity of medial
      hypertrophy and degree of vasoconstriction were measured in histological sections
      and there was a close correlation between these two variables in both children
      and adults. More advanced arterial changes, expressed as an index of pulmonary
      vascular disease, were more common in adults, and their severity correlated
      positively with the degree of medial hypertrophy. No such correlation was found
      in children. There were similar numbers of plexiform lesions per square
      centimetre in children and adults, so that the differences in the indices of
      pulmonary vascular disease were mainly due to the intimal changes. Concentric
      laminar intimal fibrosis was more severe in adults. It is suggested that
      intensive spastic vasoconstriction results in the development of fibrinoid
      necrosis and subsequently of plexiform lesions and that this may happen
      irrespective of the presence of severe intimal fibrosis. This suggests that
      children with primary plexogenic arteriopathy in whom plexiform lesions have not
      yet developed are more likely to respond to vasodilator treatment than are adults
      in whom irreversible changes associated with intimal fibrosis have developed.

PMID- 4052283
TI  - Rapid expansion of a saccular aneurysm on the left coronary sinus of Valsalva: a
      role for early surgical repair?
AB  - A thirty nine year old woman presented with ischaemic chest pain caused by a
      saccular aneurysm of the left coronary sinus of Valsalva. Over the next two weeks
      there was rapid dilatation of the aneurysm which led to left coronary artery
      compression and death from a massive myocardial infarction. It is suggested that
      early repair should be considered in patients with saccular aneurysm at this
      site, but only in the context of other management priorities.

PMID- 4052284
TI  - Association between post-pericardiotomy syndrome and coronary occlusion after
      aortic valve replacement.
AB  - Fever, leucocytosis, and pericardial and pleural effusions developed after the
      first postoperative week in a 56 year old man who had undergone aortic valve
      replacement. Four months later, coronary angiography showed bilateral proximal
      stenosis of the coronary arteries. In this patient post-pericardiotomy syndrome
      and subsequent coronary artery stenosis were thought to be associated and an
      immunological mechanism was suspected.

PMID- 4052285
TI  - Management of a case of refractory variant angina with benzhexol hydrochloride
      (trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride).
AB  - A patient with severe variant angina that was refractory to conventional
      treatment became symptom free when she was treated with benzhexol
      (trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride), a cholinergic blocking agent used in the
      management of Parkinson's disease. There was a brief psychotic reaction when a
      large dose was taken and some memory impairment on the maintenance dose.
      Benzhexol should be used with caution but may prove to be an additional
      therapeutic agent in the management of severe variant angina.

PMID- 4052286
TI  - Skin apolipoprotein B values in normocholesterolaemic patients with coronary
      artery disease: a discriminatory test.

PMID- 4052287
TI  - Myocardial infarct size and mortality in diabetic patients.
AB  - The mortality rate from myocardial infarction is disproportionately high in
      diabetic patients. One explanation for this may be that diabetic patients incur
      more extensive myocardial necrosis. This possibility was examined in a three part
      study. Firstly, peak serum aspartate aminotransferase concentrations of all
      diabetic and non-diabetic patients admitted with myocardial infarction over a 16
      year period were compared retrospectively. Secondly, peak aspartate
      aminotransferase concentrations in a series of diabetic patients and controls
      matched by age and sex were examined retrospectively. Thirdly, creatine kinase MB
      release and electrocardiographic measures of infarct size were investigated
      prospectively in a case/control study. Although cardiac failure and death were
      more common in the diabetic groups, there were no significant differences in
      estimates of infarct size between diabetic and non-diabetic patients in any of
      the studies. Therefore, the high case fatality rate amongst diabetic patients is
      not caused by increased myocardial damage. Presumably survival is prejudiced by
      factors operating before the infarction.

PMID- 4052289
TI  - Reciprocal ST depression in acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - ST segment depression in leads remote from those showing ST elevation during
      acute myocardial infarction has been attributed to benign electrical phenomena,
      distant myocardial ischaemia, or extensive myocardial damage. Eighty four
      consecutive survivors under 55 years of age with a first transmural myocardial
      infarction were studied. All patients had exercise tests six weeks after
      infarction and coronary angiography a mean of three months after infarction.
      Thirty eight (75%) of the 51 inferior and 19 (58%) of the 33 anterior infarcts
      showed reciprocal ST depression of greater than or equal to 1 mm during the acute
      phase. Ten (26%) of the 38 patients with inferior infarcts and reciprocal
      depression had ST depression in the same leads on exercise. There was concomitant
      disease of the left anterior descending artery in four (40%) of these 10 patients
      and in five (18%) of the 28 with inferior infarcts with reciprocal depression but
      without ST depression in the same leads on exercise. Five (26%) of the 19
      patients with anterior infarcts with associated reciprocal depression and four of
      the 14 without reciprocal depression had important right coronary artery disease.
      In patients with inferior infarction important disease of the left anterior
      descending artery could not be predicted by ST depression in particular lead
      groups. Therefore reciprocal ST depression during acute myocardial infarction
      does not predict concomitant disease in the coronary artery supplying the
      reciprocal territory.

PMID- 4052288
TI  - Classification of non-Q-wave myocardial infarction according to
      electrocardiographic changes.
AB  - The characteristics of 93 patients in whom electrocardiographic recordings were
      obtained within 12 hours of the onset of non-Q-wave myocardial infarction were
      studied. Patients were divided into the three groups according to what
      electrocardiographic changes were seen. Forty nine patients had ST segment
      depression, 35 had ST segment elevation, and nine had T wave changes. Patients
      with ST segment depression had a higher rate of pump failure and multivessel
      disease than the other two groups. There were no significant differences in peak
      serum creatine kinase activity among the three groups. Twelve of 13 patients who
      died of non-Q-wave myocardial infarction in hospital had ST segment depression.
      Furthermore nine of them had attacks of non-Q-wave myocardial infarction with
      severe ST segment depression in many leads. At necropsy five of six patients who
      had shown severe ST segment depressions in many leads at the onset of non-Q-wave
      myocardial infarction were found to have circumferential subendocardial lesions
      with triple vessel disease. This study suggests there are electrocardiographic
      subtypes of non-Q-wave myocardial infarction that are associated with specific
      patient characteristics.

PMID- 4052290
TI  - Characteristics of episodes of ST elevation or ST depression during ambulatory
      monitoring in patients subsequently undergoing coronary angiography.
AB  - Transient ischaemic ST segment changes were studied in 296 consecutive patients
      with coronary heart disease attending hospital for coronary arteriography. They
      underwent two channel, frequency modulated ambulatory monitoring for 24 hours.
      During this time 221 episodes of transient ST elevation (n = 56) or ST depression
      (n = 165) with a horizontal deviation of at least 1 mm lasting at least 1 min
      were found in 70 patients (23.6%). Only 34% of episodes were associated with
      pain. The duration of the episode, the heart rate at the beginning of the
      episode, or the extent of ST deviation were not related to the occurrence of
      pain. Episodes of ST elevation were of significantly shorter duration, occurred
      significantly more often during the early morning, and at significantly lower
      heart rates than episodes of ST depression. The considerable overlap between the
      characteristics of episodes of ST elevation and ST depression suggests that in
      many instances a combination of factors is responsible for transient ischaemic ST
      segment changes.

PMID- 4052291
TI  - Exercise radionuclide ventriculography in children: normal values for exercise
      variables and right and left ventricular function.
AB  - Thirty two children (aged 5-19 years) with no clinical evidence of significant
      cardiovascular disease undertook continuous staged supine exercise on a bicycle
      ergometer. Multigated radionuclide ventriculography was performed at rest and
      during each exercise stage. Exercise duration and total workload both increased
      with age. Aerobic work correlated better with age than did total work. In most
      children the ejection fraction for both ventricles increased by at least 5% with
      exercise. Right ventricular ejection fraction did not decrease with exercise in
      any subject but left ventricular ejection fraction decreased by 2% and 9% in two.
      The response of end diastolic volume to exercise was variable, but there was a
      consistent decrease in mean (SD) end systolic volume of the left (29(22)%) and
      right (30(19)%) ventricles. Cardiac index (mean (SD)) increased by 234(65)% with
      exercise. The left ventricular:right ventricular end diastolic volume ratio (mean
      (SD)) at rest was 1.26(0.26). It is concluded that exercise radionuclide
      ventriculography is an excellent technique for a combined assessment of exercise
      capacity and an evaluation of ventricular size and performance in children. These
      values for supine bicycle exercise in children without significant cardiovascular
      disease will be useful for future comparisons with other groups.

PMID- 4052292
TI  - Diagnosis and natural history of Ebstein's anomaly.
AB  - Thirty five cases of Ebstein's anomaly were diagnosed by cardiac catheter study
      or echocardiography between 1962 and 1984. The anomaly was an isolated
      abnormality in 27 patients; the remainder had additional heart lesions. Six
      patients have died and four of these had other cardiac lesions. Thirteen are
      currently symptom free. Twelve cases presented with cyanosis and heart murmur on
      the first day of life. Eight of these had associated thrill which is a rare
      finding in neonates. As pulmonary vascular resistance fell there was clinical
      improvement. This was assisted by oxygen treatment. Another two cases presented
      in the first week of life and 10 in the first decade with a murmur or
      supraventricular tachycardia. Eleven cases presented as adolescents or adults
      with a murmur, cardiomegaly, or cardiac symptoms. Three patients were seen
      initially in the sixth decade. Clinical diagnosis was correct in only one adult.
      Twenty five patients had cardiac catheterisation. Important arrhythmias occurred
      in 10 cases, and two required cardioversion. Difficulty was experienced in
      entering the pulmonary artery in 11 infants and children. Diagnosis at initial
      catheter study was incorrect in four patients. Echocardiograms were recorded in
      29 cases. Earlier M mode measurements of time delay of tricuspid closure compared
      with mitral closure did not always lead to the correct diagnosis. Cross sectional
      studies gave good images of tricuspid leaflet displacement, its tethering, and
      the atrialised portion of the right ventricle and have facilitated the diagnosis
      of more cases in recent years. Echocardiography is the procedure of choice for
      diagnosis of Ebstein's anomaly.

PMID- 4052293
TI  - Spectrum of congenital heart disease detected echocardiographically in prenatal
      life.
AB  - The spectrum of congenital heart disease seen in a series of 72 fetal anomalies
      detected echocardiographically differed from that seen in infancy. This reflects
      the selection of patients for referral for fetal echocardiography and the high
      rate of natural fetal loss that occurs when severe cardiac defects are present.

PMID- 4052294
TI  - Descending aortography with balloon inflation. A technique for evaluating the
      size of persistent ductus arteriosus in infants with large proximal left to right
      shunts.
AB  - Six infants underwent angiography of the aortic root and the descending aorta
      with balloon inflation during diagnostic cardiac catheterisation and angiography.
      In these infants with large proximal left to right shunts, descending aortography
      with balloon inflation resulted in better opacification of the persistent ductus
      arteriosus than aortic root angiography, thereby enabling accurate measurement of
      the persistent ductus arteriosus. Similar systemic and pulmonary vascular
      impedances had been speculated as the cause of poor or non-opacification of the
      ductus after ascending aortography. Balloon inflation may have altered the aortic
      impedance with resulting opacification of the ductus. Descending aortic
      angiography with balloon inflation is also useful in opacifying the isolated
      ductus and in demonstrating aortopulmonary collaterals in patients with pulmonary
      atresia.

PMID- 4052295
TI  - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with a mitochondrial myopathy of voluntary
      muscles and congenital cataract.
AB  - Structurally abnormal mitochondria were found in skeletal muscle cells from a
      woman with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and myopathy of voluntary muscles
      associated with congenital cataracts. Moderate exercise resulted in lactic
      acidosis. Oxidation of pyruvate and other substrates and the production of
      adenosine triphosphate were normal in vitro. A younger brother of the patient had
      had congenital cataract and had died from hypertrophic obstructive
      cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 4052296
TI  - Chylopericardium: a rare complication of a Waterston shunt.
AB  - A case of chylopericardium occurring after a Waterston shunt was successfully
      managed by pericardial drainage of chyle and substitution of dietary fats with
      medium chain triglycerides.

PMID- 4052297
TI  - Improved survival with amiodarone in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
      and ventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 4052298
TI  - Lead specificity of the maximum ST/heart rate slope response.

PMID- 4052299
TI  - Sister chromatid exchanges in cigarette smokers: effects of halothane, isoflurane
      or subarachnoid blockade.
AB  - In a previous study of the potential mutagenic action of isoflurane using the
      sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test in lymphocytes of surgical patients, it
      appeared that SCE increased in a group of 11 cigarette smokers, there being no
      effect in patients who were non-smokers. In the present study, 63 cigarette
      smokers were examined by the SCE test before and after minor orthopaedic
      operations undertaken under halothane or isoflurane anaesthesia, or subarachnoid
      analgesia. No significant changes of SCE were observed, and the risk of having
      missed a "true" increase of more than 0.6 SCE per cell was less than 1%. It was
      concluded that, in cigarette smokers, SCE in lymphocytes were unchanged after
      both general anaesthesia and subarachnoid analgesia, and that there was no
      indication from the SCE test of a mutagenic action of halothane, or isofurane, in
      nitrous oxide.

PMID- 4052300
TI  - Abstaining from cigarette smoking has no major effect on gastric emptying in
      habitual smokers.
AB  - The rate of liquid-phase gastric emptying was determined in seven smokers from
      the rate of paracetamol absorption after abstaining overnight from cigarettes,
      and again after smoking two cigarettes within 30 min. There were no significant
      differences between the maximum paracetamol concentration, the time to reach
      maximum paracetamol concentration, and the area under the plasma concentration
      time curve from 0 to 120 min on the two occasions, indicating that abstaining
      from cigarette smoking had no major effect on gastric emptying in habitual
      smokers.

PMID- 4052301
TI  - Effect of diazepam on drug absorption and gastric emptying in man.
AB  - Paracetamol 20 mg kg-1 dissolved in 200 ml of water was given by mouth to seven
      healthy volunteers, together with a single i.v. dose of diazepam 0.2 mg kg-1 or
      saline 0.04 ml kg-1. This study demonstrated that the rate of paracetamol
      absorption was not significantly changed by diazepam, indicating that there was
      no delay in gastric emptying attributable to diazepam per se.

PMID- 4052302
TI  - Piracetam does not change the anaesthetic requirement for halothane.
AB  - MAC of halothane was determined in rats before and after the injection of
      piracetam 0.5 or 2.5 g kg-1, or both. No consistent changes in MAC were found. We
      conclude that piracetam is unlikely to influence halothane requirement
      appreciably.

PMID- 4052303
TI  - Anaesthesia and progressive muscular dystrophy.
AB  - The presentation and features of Duchenne's progressive muscular dystrophy
      (Duchenne's PMD) are described and the increased risks associated with
      anaesthesia are considered. Hazards associated with induction of anaesthesia and
      immediate postoperative recovery have been stressed in recent case reports, and
      these are summarized. Features of a hyperpyrexia-like response including cardiac
      arrest, increased serum creatine phosphokinase concentration, myoglobinuria and
      metabolic acidosis following suxamethonium or halothane, or both, have been
      described in patients with Duchenne's PMD. Subsequent in vitro muscle tests have
      suggested that it is possible that a malignant hyperpyrexia response to general
      anaesthesia may occur. Six children known to have Duchenne's PMD who developed
      delayed respiratory insufficiency following anaesthesia and required controlled
      pulmonary ventilation are reported. In five of the children, cardiac arrest
      occurred despite apparently adequate respiratory support. Suxamethonium was
      common to the anaesthetic received by all six patients. In one of these patients
      subsequent anaesthetics, without suxamethonium, were uneventful and delayed
      muscle weakness did not occur.

PMID- 4052304
TI  - Anaesthetic problems in myotonic dystrophy. A case report and review of the
      Aberdeen experience comprising 48 general anaesthetics in a further 16 patients.
AB  - A previously undiagnosed case of myotonic dystrophy presenting with apnoea of 2.5
      h duration following thiopentone is described. A review of the anaesthetic
      outcome from 49 operations in 17 patients with myotonic dystrophy in the Aberdeen
      area is presented. The type of operation and intra- and postoperative problems
      are analysed. The results reveal a 52% complication rate in previously diagnosed
      cases and a 35% complication rate in undiagnosed cases. In the series, 29% of the
      anaesthetics were administered to symptomatic patients before formal diagnosis.
      To avoid potential hazards it behoves the anaesthetist to remain alert to the
      possibility of the undiagnosed disease. The symptomatology and associated
      findings of the 17 patients at initial diagnosis are presented. The literature
      has been reviewed and anaesthetic implications noted.

PMID- 4052305
TI  - Scleroderma and pregnancy. Anaesthetic considerations.
AB  - The case of a pregnant patient with diffuse scleroderma who died following
      Caesarean section under general anaesthesia is presented. The patient's
      postoperative course was complicated by pulmonary oedema and pulmonary
      hypertension, sepsis, thrombocytopenia and renal failure. Aspects of the disease
      which possess anaesthetic implications are reviewed.

PMID- 4052306
TI  - Calcium antagonists and the airways. Papers presented at a workshop. Newbury,
      Berkshire, 5-6 April 1984.

PMID- 4052307
TI  - Death certification of farmer's lung and chronic airway diseases in different
      countries of the EEC.
AB  - An EEC Working Party has investigated death certification of respiratory disease
      in eight EEC countries by sending ten standard case histories to a sample of
      certifying doctors in each country. Results of interest to clinicians with
      reference to certification of farmer's lung, and of obstructive airway diseases,
      are presented. For a case of farmer's lung, a majority of certifying doctors in
      all countries certified an interstitial lung disease, but the proportion
      certifying farmer's lung ranged from 70% to 0% (overall 26%). Rural doctors
      certified farmer's lung more frequently than others only in some countries. For
      four cases of different types of airways disease (chronic obstructive bronchitis,
      emphysema or asthma) there were wide differences between countries of
      certification of these conditions or of unspecified chronic airways obstruction.
      Some countries certify more emphysema, and others, particularly younger doctors
      in English speaking countries, more unspecified chronic airways obstruction.
      There are also large differences in the certification of asthma. The differences
      are presumed to be attributable to differences of medical education.
      Epidemiological studies and patient care might be helped by more uniformity of
      diagnostic criteria within the EEC.

PMID- 4052308
TI  - Fractional deposition from a jet nebulizer: how it differs from a metered dose
      inhaler.
AB  - The fractional deposition from an Inspiron 'Mini-Neb' jet nebulizer was assessed
      in six normal and two asthmatic subjects using technetium-99m-labelled
      millimicrospheres of human serum albumin suspended in saline. Sixty-six per cent
      of activity was retained in the apparatus tubing, 20% exhaled, 2% deposited in
      the mouth and 12% was retained in the lungs. The nebulizer fractional deposition
      therefore differs from the findings reported for a metered dose inhaler (Newman
      et al. 1981; Spiro et al. 1984), where 80-85% of particles leaving the cannister
      deposits in the mouth, and only 5-10% in the apparatus. The lung fraction from a
      nebulizer is, however, similar to the 9-11% from an MDI.

PMID- 4052309
TI  - Is fibreoptic bronchoscopy in patients with lung cancer and hepatic metastases
      potentially dangerous?
AB  - Plasma lignocaine levels were measured in 18 patients with lung cancer undergoing
      fibreoptic bronchoscopy to determine whether those with hepatic metastases and
      disturbed hepatic function were at special risk from lignocaine toxicity. Peak
      plasma lignocaine levels were in fact lower in six patients with hepatic
      metastases and deranged hepatic function tests than in the nine patients with no
      evidence of hepatic metastases or dysfunction (mean +/- SEM 1.89 +/- 0.2 mg/litre
      and 2.60 +/- 0.3 mg/litre respectively, P not significant). The peak plasma
      lignocaine level did not correlate with tests of liver function but did correlate
      with age. Using a total dose of lignocaine of less than 400 mg, plasma lignocaine
      levels remained below the toxic range in all patients. The peak plasma lignocaine
      level correlated significantly with the amount of drug administered directly into
      the bronchial tree (P less than 0.05) rather than total dose administered.
      Patients with hepatic metastases from lung cancer do not appear to be at an
      increased risk from the toxic effects of lignocaine topical anaesthesia if
      moderate doses are used.

PMID- 4052310
TI  - Polished off: an inhaled dental brush.
AB  - Foreign body inhalation is probably the most frequent presentation requiring
      urgent bronchoscopy. The objects most commonly aspirated by adults are small
      bones, pieces of dentures, peanuts and metal tacks. We report an unusual case in
      which the object inhaled was a dental polishing tip.

PMID- 4052311
TI  - Hairy cell leukaemia and Legionnaires' disease.
AB  - A 69-year-old man who had recently returned from a holiday in Majorca, presented
      with haemoptysis and fever. Chest radiograph showed right lower lobe
      consolidation. A diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease was made. He was treated with
      erythromycin and made an uneventful recovery.

PMID- 4052312
TI  - Autonomic neuropathy and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in association with
      malignancy.
AB  - A case of autonomic neuropathy and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in association
      with metastatic giant cell carcinoma of the lung and leiomyosarcoma of the
      stomach is reported. The link between these conditions is discussed and the role
      of pancreatic polypeptide as a possible marker for hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
      reported.

PMID- 4052313
TI  - Pragmatic disorders: a case study of conversational disability.

PMID- 4052314
TI  - The use of specific semantic word categories in the diagnosis of dysnomic
      learning-disabled children.

PMID- 4052315
TI  - Phonological versus phonetic disorders: some suggested modifications to the
      current use of the distinction.

PMID- 4052316
TI  - Comment on the terms "phonetics" and "phonology" as applied in the investigation
      of speech disorders.

PMID- 4052317
TI  - Phonological analysis and speech disorders: a comment.

PMID- 4052318
TI  - The language of dementia in the elderly: a pilot study.

PMID- 4052319
TI  - Imitative versus spontaneous language assessment: a comparison of CELI and LARSP.

PMID- 4052320
TI  - Oral form recognition with and without palatal coverage.

PMID- 4052321
TI  - Myeloid progenitor surface antigen identified by monoclonal antibody.
AB  - A mouse monoclonal antibody, WM-15, has been developed which reacts with a human
      myeloid lineage-restricted cell surface antigen. WM-15, an IgG1 antibody, reacts
      with a mean of 3.8% of normal bone marrow mononuclear cells, identifying
      predominantly promyelocytes and myeloblasts, and in fluorescence-activated cell
      sorting experiments produces enrichment of bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage
      progenitor cells. Normal mature monocytes and granulocytes are weakly labelled by
      WM-15, but other haemopoietic cells including erythroblasts and all lymphoid
      cells are unreactive. The myeloid specificity of this antibody is highlighted by
      its reactivity with myeloid leukaemia cell lines and 65% of cases of acute
      myeloid leukaemia, while lymphoid cell lines and leukaemias are WM-15 negative.
      WM-15 appears to be a useful reagent for further investigation of normal and
      abnormal myelopoiesis.

PMID- 4052322
TI  - The use of danazol in the management of chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - Danazol has recently been reported to be an effective mode of treatment for
      patients with refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Following a 3 month
      trial of danazol, only one of 10 patients experienced a sustained increase in
      platelet counts and two other patients had a transient improvement. While the
      drug was well tolerated, it does not appear to be particularly helpful in the
      management of these patients.

PMID- 4052323
TI  - High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin for post-transfusion purpura.
AB  - Five patients with post-transfusion purpura (four due to Zw(a), one presumably
      due to HLA antibodies) were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IgG) at
      doses of 0.4 g per kg body weight. IgG therapy was immediately effective as
      indicated by cessation of bleeding and rise of platelet counts in four out of
      five cases.

PMID- 4052324
TI  - Release of vascular plasminogen activator (v-PA) after venous stasis:
      electrophoretic-zymographic analysis of free and complexed v-PA.
AB  - To better characterize the plasminogen activators present in the euglobulin
      fraction (EF) of plasma before and after venous occlusion, euglobulins of 30
      healthy volunteers and of 32 patients with idiopathic thromboembolic disease were
      submitted to SDS-PAGE and zymographic detection. The patterns thus obtained were
      compared to the fibrinolytic activity (FA) of the EFs measured on fibrin plates.
      There were significantly more patients with a low fibrinolytic response (FR) to
      stasis (difference between FA after and before stasis less than or equal to 0.3
      TAU/ml) than controls (P less than 0.01). The electrophoretic-zymographic
      analysis revealed that: (i) in the resting state vascular plasminogen activator
      (v-PA) is always present in a form exhibiting a mol wt of 110 000 (complex of v
      PA with its fast-acting antiactivator); (ii) a high FR to stasis (greater than
      1.3 TAU/ml) is always associated with the presence of free v-PA (68 kdalton
      band); (iii) free v-PA is never detected when the FR is low; and (iv) a poor FR
      is generally (15 of 17 patients with low FR) associated with apparently complete
      inhibition of the released v-PA by the fast-acting antiactivator; in the two
      remaining patients in whom no broadening of the 110 kdalton band is observed, the
      release mechanism for v-PA is probably impaired.

PMID- 4052326
TI  - Beta-thalassaemia trait in the Punjab (North India)

PMID- 4052325
TI  - Inherited haemorrhagic disease with abnormal prothrombin consumption.
AB  - The propositus is a 4-year-old boy who presented with a history of excessive
      bleeding after surgical procedures as well as haematomas and epistaxis. The
      defect in haemostasis consisted in an anomaly of the prothrombin consumption
      tests as the only abnormality while all the other conventional coagulation and
      fibrinolysis tests as well as platelet function tests were normal. The father of
      the propositus had no previous history of excessive bleeding but was found to
      have an abnormal prothrombin consumption index. The reaction to prothrombin
      conversion, normal at onset, slowed down to less than normal and did not reach
      completion until 24 h. The in vivo studies suggest that the effect does not act
      on the interaction between platelet phospholipid and plasma. The factor II dosage
      and the electrophoretic mobility of prothrombin of the plasma were normal;
      nevertheless when studying the purified prothrombin by means of crossed
      immunoelectrofocusing there appeared an anomaly of pI. This result suggests the
      possible existence of an abnormal prothrombin molecule responsible for a slow
      prothrombin conversion.

PMID- 4052327
TI  - Further evidence that activated factor VII is related to plasma lipids.

PMID- 4052328
TI  - Favourable remission rate by repeating low dose ARA-C treatment in ANLL and RAEB.

PMID- 4052329
TI  - A case of elliptocytosis associated with a truncated spectrin chain.
AB  - A case of haemolytic anaemia with elliptocytosis is described, in which a large
      part of the smaller (beta) subunit of the spectrin is truncated, and has an
      apparent molecular weight of about 214 000 compared with about 230 000 for the
      normal chain. It is shown that this is not a product of adventitious proteolysis
      during lysis or extraction. At the same time about 35% of the total spectrin in
      the cells is liberated from the membrane as the dimer (which is present in normal
      cells to the extent of less than 10%). The truncated (beta') chain appears
      exclusively in this dimer fraction. The beta'-chain is incapable of
      phosphorylation by the endogenous cAMP-independent membrane kinase, and it may be
      inferred that the deleted segment of the chain contains both the spectrin self
      association site and the residues normally phosphorylated. The alpha beta'-dimer
      is active with respect to participation in a ternary complex with its partnering
      proteins in the membrane cytoskeleton, F-actin and 4.1, confirming that the
      phosphorylation sites are not involved in the primary interaction with the other
      cytoskeletal proteins at the network junctions. The spectrin alpha-chain
      generates the terminal tryptic fragment of molecular weight 80 000 characteristic
      of normal spectrin, rather than the 74 000 molecular weight peptide derived from
      the alpha-chain in cases of hereditary elliptocytosis and pyropoikilocytosis,
      associated with anomalous self-association of spectrin dimer. Membrane
      cytoskeletons, extracted from the patient's red cells, undergo normal gelation on
      incubation with cAMP-independent kinase and ATP, and thus do not resemble those
      derived from hereditary spherocytosis cells. The properties of the anomalous
      spectrin resemble in most respects that described in a French family by Dhermy et
      al (1982).

PMID- 4052331
TI  - Age dependent behaviour of red cell glycolytic enzymes in haematological
      disorders.
AB  - The age dependent behaviour of 11, mainly glycolytic, red blood cell enzymes in
      26 patients with various haematological disorders has been investigated after
      separation of red blood cells by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation.
      The frequency of enzyme deficiencies in the old cells of these patients was
      significantly increased in comparison with the unseparated cells, 29 and 13
      deficiencies, respectively. Particularly hexokinase activity, although normal or
      even increased in unseparated cells, was found deficient in old cells in seven
      cases. In addition, an increased number of phosphofructokinase deficiencies was
      observed in the patients' old cells (eight cases) as compared to the unseparated
      cells (three cases). However, the red blood cells of the majority of these
      patients were found to contain increased enzyme activities, irrespective of cell
      age. Enzyme activities in the youngest cell population did not correlate with the
      reticulocyte count. Cases of high pyruvate kinase and hexokinase activities were
      studied for kinetical, electrophoretical and immunological properties of the
      respective enzymes, but no abnormalities could be demonstrated, indicating an
      increased synthesis of these enzymes.

PMID- 4052332
TI  - Proposed international standard of human ferritin for the serum ferritin assay.
      International Committee for Standardization in Haematology (Expert Panel on
      Iron).

PMID- 4052330
TI  - Human erythrocyte hexokinase deficiency: a new variant with abnormal kinetic
      properties.
AB  - A 14-month-old child who had a haemolytic episode when he was 5 years old, and
      with psychomotor retardation, was found to have decreased red cell hexokinase
      activity. The mutant enzyme was characterized by an increased affinity for
      glucose associated with an increased inhibition constant for glucose-1,6
      diphosphate. Affinity for Mg ATP2-, heat stability and pH-optimum were normal.
      The isozymic pattern of the red cell enzyme was normal but all the molecular
      forms were present in reduced amounts. The kinetics of decay of hexokinase during
      cell ageing was also normal. Glucose consumption of the hexokinase deficient
      cells was 60-65% of the controls while the amount metabolized through the hexose
      monophosphate shunt was unchanged. Red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and glucose-6
      phosphate levels were normal in the proband but reduced in the erythrocytes of
      his parents, who were heterozygous for the defect but had normal haematological
      data. Comparison with the 13 previously reported cases of hexokinase deficiency
      confirms the broad phenotypic variability that characterizes this disorder.

PMID- 4052333
TI  - Cyclical eosinophilia: a manifestation of periodic haemopoiesis?
AB  - A patient is described who has had a marked eosinophilia of unknown cause for 9
      years in association with episodic facial swelling. Weekly blood counts for 8
      months showed cyclical variations in eosinophils, neutrophils and monocytes (mean
      cycle length 35 d). Marrow culture studies showed fluctuation in the incidence of
      granulocyte-macrophage colonies (GM-CFC), and the proportion of eosinophil
      colonies was higher than the values reported for normals. The blood lymphocyte
      T4/T8 ratio was reversed, due to an increase of T8+ cells. It is suggested that
      this condition is a rare form of periodic haemopoiesis.

PMID- 4052334
TI  - Sharing psychological skills.

PMID- 4052335
TI  - Teaching counselling skills to non-psychologists.
AB  - This paper is concerned with the training of medical and paramedical personnel in
      the use of counselling skills. It begins by considering the definition of
      counselling both in terms of the skills involved and the process. Particular
      attention is given to the framework elaborated by Gerard Egan. A number of
      questions are then examined which include the selection of trainees, the methods
      of teaching to be used, the timing and venue of courses and their effectiveness.
      It is concluded that in Britain this is a very new area, in which there remain
      many more questions than answers, but that the prospects for exciting research
      are good.

PMID- 4052336
TI  - Sharing psychological skills in the general practice setting.
AB  - Three broad areas of work are described in this paper. The first is concerned
      with the nature of psychological processes within the general practice
      consultation and the indications these provide for skill sharing. In the second
      section there is an account of courses designed to develop skills in the
      recognition of psychological aspects of illness and in the detection of
      psychological problems. The third section outlines various courses for developing
      and improving the consulting and counselling skills of general practitioners. In
      addition to describing a range of skills developed by ourselves and others, two
      general themes emerge from this paper. The first concerns the appropriateness of
      the general practice setting for the sharing of psychological skills and the
      extent to which the psychologist may be able to complement the skills of the
      general practitioner. The second theme concerns the importance of helping general
      practitioners to identify their own learning needs as an essential first step in
      deciding how to structure courses to meet these needs.

PMID- 4052337
TI  - Psychological care by nurses, paramedical and medical staff: essential
      developments for the general hospitals.
AB  - To date clinical psychologists and psychiatrists have given sparse attention to
      the development of clinical services within general hospitals, despite a
      literature demonstrating high levels of need. It is argued that attempts to
      reverse this situation must resolve long-standing obstacles in attitude and
      practice within the medical and nursing professions as well as the apparent
      ambivalence of psychologists and psychiatrists towards the endeavour. If
      projected developments are to hold credence, planned changes in practice must
      emphasize a preventive approach towards psychological care and must do this
      primarily through existing resources; that is, the nursing and paramedical
      professions. A scheme of psychological care designed to be operated by nurses and
      other professions is outlined. It depends on teaching and supervision by
      psychologists and psychiatrists, and it emphasizes the basic skills of monitoring
      psychological state, caring by informing, emotional care and basic counselling.
      The absorption of these practices into the daily routine is essential in order
      that psychological care becomes a standard provision for all seriously ill and
      injured people. Approaches to training are reviewed and an overview is given of
      the author's experiences in promoting such a scheme within a renal unit.

PMID- 4052338
TI  - Training professionals in behaviour modification.
AB  - This paper examines the general issues to be considered in training non
      psychologists in the social, health and education services to use a behaviour
      modification approach in their work. The work in this area is considered in
      relation to the justification of such training, the personnel involved, the
      length and content of courses and the methods of teaching. Attention is also
      given to the evaluation of the effectiveness of the teaching methods including
      the problems of subsequent maintenance of the knowledge and skills taught. Though
      behavioural techniques have attracted enormous research efforts, relatively
      little has been directed at the problems of training personnel in their use.

PMID- 4052339
TI  - Training nurses in behavioural psychotherapy.
AB  - Psychiatric nurses are showing increasing interest in acquiring clinical
      psychology skills. Reasons for meeting this demand and methods of so doing are
      presented with particular reference to the 18-month English Nursing Board Course
      No. 650 in behavioural psychotherapy. The implications of training nurses in
      psychological skills are discussed. Since resources are generally not available
      for lengthy training, suggestions are made for increasing the effectiveness of
      brief courses.

PMID- 4052340
TI  - Training non-psychologists in the treatment of sexual dysfunction with special
      reference to the training of marriage guidance counsellors.
AB  - This paper describes a study in which marriage guidance counsellors were trained
      in the treatment of sexual difficulties. This study is discussed in the wider
      context of the literature concerned with training issues in the treatment of
      sexual function problems. The results of the training programme give clear
      evidence that non-professionals can be trained to produce results similar to
      those of a professional and it is argued that issues discussed in the literature
      concerning the training of professionals in the treatment of sexual difficulties
      are also applicable to non-professionals.

PMID- 4052341
TI  - Adaptation skills in the elderly, their supporters and carers.
AB  - The elderly, their supporters and carers are a large group, relatively neglected
      by psychologists. They appear to have need of training in adaptation skills in
      areas which include: orientation; activities of daily living; coping with
      relocation; memory and reminiscence; problem solving; self-care of health; coping
      with depression or anxiety; facing bereavement and other loss; and confronting
      dying. For care staff, promoting independent behaviour in elderly residents,
      maintaining positive attitudes and implementing organizational change are
      important, and for supporters effective use of resources and coping with
      caregiving strain. Reality orientation, behaviour modification, memory and
      reminiscence training, individual and group counselling, bibliotherapy and
      psychotherapy have been widely used but rarely evaluated thoroughly. Texts and
      training programmes for carers and supporters abound, but their effectiveness
      awaits detailed investigation.

PMID- 4052342
TI  - Blood pressure and the menstrual cycle.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of data from 207 non-pregnant premenopausal women showed
      that the mean level of systolic blood pressure varied with the stage of the
      menstrual cycle, being higher on days 17-26, the part of the luteal phase during
      which the peak of progestogen levels develops, than during the luteal phase as a
      whole, and significantly higher than the mean for all other days of the cycle.
      The mean levels were 125.4 mmHg (SE 1.76) for days 17-26, 122.5 (SE 1.25) for
      days 15-28 and 120.1 (SE 1.07) for days 1-16, 27 and 28. This finding supported
      the hypothesis that endogenous progestogen might have a hypertensive effect, as
      does exogenous progestogen. However, a second study designed to confirm this
      finding failed to do so, showing no cyclical change in the level of blood
      pressure. The subjects in the first study may have been subject to greater
      psychological stress when the measurements were made than were those in the
      second, a possibility supported by the large difference in pressure between the
      two studies. The discrepancy between the two sets of results could be explained
      if the effect possibly associated with progestogen levels in the retrospective
      study was due not to a hypertensive action per se but to a progestogen-related
      increased reaction to stress.

PMID- 4052343
TI  - Infant outcome following mid-trimester amniocentesis: development and physical
      status at age six months.
AB  - Ninety-one infants whose mothers had had amniocentesis, because age increased
      their risk for a fetal chromosome abnormality, were compared with 53 infants
      whose mothers chose not to have the test. Mental and motor development and
      temperament were studied to assess potential influence of amniocentesis on the
      brain. Physical growth was assessed and the infants were examined for orthopaedic
      abnormalities and needle injury. The results indicated that amniocentesis does
      not appear to influence infant mental and motor development, temperament,
      physical growth or the risk of orthopaedic abnormalities. However, amniocentesis
      is not entirely free of risk because several of the infants had needle marks.
      Reassessment of the cohort at age 4 and 7 years and will provide information on
      the potential longer term consequences of mid-trimester amniocentesis.

PMID- 4052344
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging--a new look at the fetus.
AB  - A new form of obstetric imaging using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been
      assessed for use in pregnancy. A total of 92 examinations were performed in 62
      women during the second and third trimesters in both normal and complicated
      pregnancies including 14 with diabetes, six with pre-eclampsia and four with
      intrauterine growth retardation. Our experience has shown that NMR imaging gives
      excellent differentiation of both maternal and fetal tissues, and because of
      complete penetration both superficial and deep structures have been clearly
      identified. The best fetal images were obtained most consistently in the third
      trimester providing good detail of brain, lungs, liver, heart, bladder,
      subcutaneous fat, placenta and umbilical cord while maternal tissues were clearly
      seen at all gestations. As this form of imaging uses no ionizing radiation it
      offers an alternative means with unique capabilities for investigating pregnancy.

PMID- 4052345
TI  - Cortisol concentrations in the umbilical artery and vein of breech-presenting
      infants at term in relation to the method of delivery.
AB  - Umbilical cord artery and vein cortisol levels and cord artery pH were measured
      in 32 breech deliveries. There was no detectable increase in fetal cortisol
      output in relation to fetal acidosis. It is considered that elevation of fetal
      cortisol levels is caused by maternal transfer of this hormone transplacentally
      during stressful delivery rather than by enhanced fetal adrenal activity.

PMID- 4052346
TI  - Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz procedure and Burch colposuspension in the surgical
      treatment of female urinary incontinence.
AB  - Urinary stress incontinence was treated by the Marshall-Marchetti-Kranz (MMK)
      procedure in 42 and by Burch coloposuspension in 44 women. All were assessed
      preoperatively and for greater than 1 year postoperatively, both clinically and
      by urodynamic tests. Cure of incontinence was achieved to a similar extent by
      both procedures, in 71% after the MMK and 79% after the Burch operation. Results
      were better than average if there was no prolapse and if the bladder was stable
      preoperatively.

PMID- 4052347
TI  - Pregnancy in Sheehan's syndrome corrected by adrenal replacement therapy. Case
      report.

PMID- 4052348
TI  - Giant cell arteritis of the uterus and adnexa. Case report.

PMID- 4052349
TI  - Pelvic inflammatory pseudotumour: problems in clinical and histological
      diagnosis. Case report.

PMID- 4052350
TI  - Benign urethral villous adenoma. Case report.

PMID- 4052351
TI  - Litigation in obstetrics and gynaecology.

PMID- 4052352
TI  - Child-bearing, health and social priorities: a survey of 22 774 consecutive
      hospital births in Zaria, Northern Nigeria.

PMID- 4052353
TI  - Sausages and squints.

PMID- 4052354
TI  - Treatment of strabismus in adults with botulinum toxin A.
AB  - Eighty-five adults with horizontal concomitant strabismus were treated with an
      injection of a low dose of botulinum toxin A (BTXA) into the lateral or medial
      rectus muscle. The ocular deviation was reduced by an average of 60%
      independently of its size and whether or not surgery had previously been
      performed. The change was temporary, however, except in those cases with
      binocular functions, when fusion was re-established. Repeated low dose injections
      can maintain the improvement, but at higher doses, although larger reductions are
      produced, temporary local side effects--ptosis and vertical strabismus--are
      common. The technique is simple, well tolerated, and has no systemic side
      effects.

PMID- 4052355
TI  - Objective evaluation of sensorial and sensorimotorial status in esotropia: their
      importance in surgical prognosis.
AB  - Appropriate use of base-out prisms may be useful objective test for detecting
      persistence of normal binocular vision (4-dioptre prism test). By prolonged
      observation of prismatic correction of an esotropic patient one may infer the
      presence of an anomalous sensorial status. This can be done when the prismatic
      correction is compensated for by an increase of the angle of esotropia (prism
      adaptation test). The increase in the angle of esotropia induced by base-out
      prisms, here called anomalous movements, is probably related to a type of
      anomalous movement fusional in nature. When anomalous movements are present, it
      is important to realise how powerfully they have developed. This may be inferred
      by determining what amount of prism overcorrection of the esotropic angle the
      patient is capable of compensating for (progressive prism compensation test).
      This has important implications for surgery. It has been statistically
      demonstrated that esotropia with strong anomalous movements tends to respond less
      effectively to surgery than esotropia without or with weak anomalous movements.

PMID- 4052356
TI  - Surgical treatment of superior bullous rhegmatogenous retinal detachments.
AB  - The results in 90 patients with superior bullous rhegmatogenous detachments
      operated on over a period of 10 years are presented. In only 70% of cases treated
      by scleral buckling, with or without drainage of subretinal fluid, was retinal
      reattachment achieved with a single operation. More recently the treatment of
      patients by external drainage, air injection into the vitreous cavity, and
      subsequent buckling has improved the success rate to 96%. It is suggested that
      the latter method be the surgical treatment of choice in such cases.

PMID- 4052357
TI  - D-ACE surgical sequence for selected bullous retinal detachments.
AB  - Forty-five out of 50 selected retinal detachments were successfully reattached by
      the D-ACE surgical sequence, that is, initial drainage of subretinal fluid
      followed by air injection into the vitreous, transcleral cryopexy, and definitive
      scleral buckling. The D-ACE sequence is recommended for difficult bullous
      detachments as a simple, safe, and effective alternative to non-drainage
      techniques.

PMID- 4052358
TI  - Aphakic retinal detachment.
AB  - A study of 132 cases of aphakic retinal detachment (ARD) following mainly
      intracapsular cataract surgery has been made. Forty-nine cases (37%) were found
      to have vitreous incarcerated into the cataract section out of a total of 54
      (41%) cases who had suffered a vitreous complication during cataract surgery. A
      study of the characteristics of ARD reveals that those cases having had a
      vitreous complication in the management of their cataracts are more likely to
      develop detachment within three months than those not suffering from such a
      complication. The occurrence of these early post-extraction retinal detachments
      is not influenced by the presence of underlying axial myopia. When we compared
      ARD in patients whose cataract extractions had been complicated by vitreous
      incarceration with those ARDs following uncomplicated cataract surgery, we found
      that the characteristics of the detachments were very similar. Thus distribution
      of underlying myopia, extent of detachment, length of time of detachment, and
      multiplicity and type of retinal holes were generally similar. However, ARD
      following complicated cataract surgery is more likely to suffer from periretinal
      fibrosis. The findings confirmed the risk of ARD following complicated
      intracapsular cataract surgery and support the tendency to perform the
      extracapsular operation.

PMID- 4052359
TI  - Ectopic intracranial retinoblastoma in childhood.
AB  - Twelve out of a series of 630 children with retinoblastoma, treated in the ocular
      oncology units at St Bartholomew's and Moorfields Eye Hospitals during the past
      30 years, have developed ectopic intracranial retinoblastoma. The ectopic tumour
      occurred in the pineal region in eight children and in the suprasellar region in
      four. Ten patients had bilateral retinoblastoma, one unilateral disease, and one
      child presented with an isolated suprasellar tumour but no evidence of retinal
      disease. The interval from the initial diagnosis of retinoblastoma to the
      development of ectopic intracranial disease ranged from 4 to 70 months, median 34
      months. Methods of treatment for the ectopic tumour varied, but all 12 children
      died with a median survival of only 8 months following the diagnosis of ectopic
      retinoblastoma. Subsequent spread of tumour to other sites within the central
      nervous system proved to be the most frequent cause of death. Ectopic
      intracranial retinoblastoma is a potentially curable neoplasm, but it requires
      adequate therapy to the whole neuraxis as well as high dose equivalent
      radiotherapy to the primary tumour.

PMID- 4052360
TI  - Pineal malignant neoplasm in association with hereditary retinoblastoma.
AB  - A patient with unilateral hereditary retinoblastoma who was successfully treated
      at the age of 7 weeks developed a tumour in the pineal region two and a half
      years later. The initial response to radiation treatment of the latter lesion was
      not maintained. Subsequent necropsy findings are described. Clinically and
      pathologically this case represents an example of the recently described
      trilateral retinoblastoma. The response to treatment after early recognition was
      disappointing.

PMID- 4052361
TI  - Autoimmunity in hereditary retinal degenerations. II. Clinical studies:
      antiretinal antibodies and fluorescein angiogram findings.
AB  - Testing by indirect immunofluorescence for the detection of antiretinal
      antibodies and lymphocyte stimulation for cell-mediated immunity to retinal
      antigens was performed on blood obtained from 59 patients with retinitis
      pigmentosa (RP) and 29 without RP who had other types of retinal disease. The
      results from the patients' immunological studies were correlated in a masked
      fashion with six parameters of the fluorescein angiogram: disc staining,
      peripapillary oedema, vascular arcade oedema, macular oedema, and focal vascular
      staining (late phases), and disc telangiectasia (early phases). Significant
      correlations for both groups together were found for IgG antiretinal antibody
      reactivity and macular oedema (p less than 0.038) and disc staining (p less than
      0.033). The non-RP retinal disease group had more significant correlations,
      including IgG antiretinal antibody reactivity with vascular arcade oedema (p less
      than 0.018), disc staining (p less than 0.018), and peripapillary oedema (p less
      than 0.023); the RP patients had significant correlation with IgG reactivity and
      arcade oedema (p less than 0.045). With combinations of IgG, IgM, and lymphocyte
      reactivity various significant correlations were found with the fluorescein
      angiogram.

PMID- 4052362
TI  - Blood and plasma viscosity measurements in patients with glaucoma.
AB  - Blood viscosity at 10 shear rates, plasma viscosity, packed cell volume, plasma
      fibrinogen, serum alpha 2-macroglobulin, and serum proteins were measured in 83
      patients with low-tension glaucoma (LTG) and 23 patients with 'high-tension
      glaucoma' (HTG: at least one IOP reading above 40 mmHg) and compared with those
      in 50 controls. Blood and plasma viscosity values and packed cell volume were
      significantly higher in the LTG group than those in controls. The HTG and the LTG
      groups differed only in plasma viscosity, but smoking and drinking habits in the
      HTG patients were greatly different from those in LTG patients and controls, thus
      preventing interpretation of data in the HTG group. Within the LTG group
      viscosity values were highest in a subgroup designated earlier by us as focal
      ischaemic LTG, whereas another subgroup, senile sclerotic LTG, did not show
      significant differences compared with controls. These findings may indicate a
      factor in the pathogenesis of visual field defects and disc cupping in some
      patients with LTG.

PMID- 4052363
TI  - Clostridium septicum panophthalmitis with systemic complications.
AB  - A fulminant case of endophthalmitis due to Clostridium septicum is described. The
      patient presented with spontaneous gas gangrene panophthalmitis, with early
      visual loss and an air bubble in the anterior chamber. Death ensued, and necropsy
      revealed changes consistent with severe arterosclerotic cardiovascular disease, a
      relationship not uncommon in patients with clostridium sepsis. This association
      as well as the histopathology of the globe are discussed.

PMID- 4052364
TI  - Acanthamoeba keratitis successfully treated medically.
AB  - The first medical cure of a corneal infection due to an Acanthamoeba species is
      reported. The 44-year-old patient developed a suppurative keratitis associated
      with an epithelial defect, hypopyon, and secondary glaucoma. Acanthamoeba was
      confirmed as the causative agent four months after presentation when positive
      cultures were obtained from the cornea and from the conjunctiva. Sensitivity
      studies of the isolated organism were performed, and the infection was
      successfully controlled by treatment with a combination of dibromopropamidine and
      propamidine isethionate ointment and drops and neomycin drops. Keratoplasty was
      performed 22 months after onset, and no viable acanthamoebae were present in the
      resected tissue, though possible cyst remnants were identified by
      immunofluorescent techniques.

PMID- 4052365
TI  - Bilateral recurrent orbital inflammation associated with retroperitoneal
      fibrosclerosis.
AB  - Orbital inflammation initially presented in a patient who five years later
      developed renal obstruction from retroperitoneal fibrosclerosis. Biopsy revealed
      infiltration of chronic lymphocytic cells in the orbit and dense fibrous
      connective tissue in the pelvis. Episodes of proptosis were controlled with
      systemic steroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. The hydronephrosis
      was relieved by intraperitonisation of the ureters. Similarities to previously
      reported cases are discussed. This case shows the importance of searching for
      systemic disease in patients with orbital inflammatory disease and informing the
      patients of the possibility of future systemic manifestations of their disease.

PMID- 4052366
TI  - Effect of praziquantel on intraocular cysticercosis: a case report.
AB  - A patient with intravitreous cysticercosis was treated with the new anthelminthic
      drug, praziquantel. A transient toxic effect on the cysticerus was observed, but
      the drug was unable to kill the parasite.

PMID- 4052368
TI  - 1H NMR characterization of metastable and equilibrium heme orientational
      heterogeneity in reconstituted and native human hemoglobin.
AB  - A proton nuclear magnetic resonance study of the reaction of apohemoglobin A with
      both oxidized and reduced hemes reveals that at least two slowly interconverting
      species are initially formed, only one of which corresponds to the native
      proteins. Reconstitutions with isotope-labeled hemes reveal that the hyperfine
      shift patterns for heme resonances in the metazido derivatives differ for the two
      species by interchange of heme environment characteristic of heme orientational
      disorder about the alpha, gamma-meso axis, as previously demonstrated for
      myoglobin [La Mar, G. N., Davis, N. L., Parish, D. W., & Smith, K. M. (1983) J.
      Mol. Biol. 168, 887-896]. Careful scrutiny of the 1H NMR spectrum of freshly
      prepared hemoglobin A (Hb A) reveals that characteristic resonances for the
      alternate heme orientation are present in both subunits, clearly demonstrating
      that "native" Hb A possesses an important structure heterogeneity. It is observed
      that this heterogeneity disappears with time for one subunit but remains
      unchanged in the other. This implies that a metastable disordered state in vivo
      involves the alpha subunit and an equilibrium disordered state both in vivo and
      in vitro is involved within the beta subunit. The presence of metastable disorder
      in fresh blood suggests an in vivo hemoglobin assembly from apoprotein and heme
      that is similar to the in vitro reconstitution process. The slow equilibration
      and known lifetimes for erythrocytes provide a rationalization for the presence
      of detectable metastable states. The implications of such heme disorder for Hb
      function are discussed.

PMID- 4052367
TI  - Acquired Brown's syndrome: an unusual cause.
AB  - A 62-year-old man with acquired Brown's syndrome is presented. This was due to an
      orbital metastatic deposit, a cause not previously reported. Other causes of this
      disorder and its treatment are discussed.

PMID- 4052369
TI  - Vicinal coupling constants and protein dynamics.
AB  - The effects of motional averaging on the analysis of vicinal spin-spin coupling
      constants derived from proton NMR studies of proteins have been examined.
      Trajectories obtained from molecular dynamics simulations of bovine pancreatic
      trypsin inhibitor and of hen egg white lysozyme were used in conjunction with an
      expression for the dependence of the coupling constant on the intervening
      dihedral angle to calculate the time-dependent behavior of the coupling
      constants. Despite large fluctuations, the time-average values of the coupling
      constants are not far from those computed for the average structure in the cases
      where fluctuations occur about a single potential well. The calculated
      differences show a high correlation with the variation in the magnitude of the
      fluctuations of individual dihedral angles. For the cases where fluctuations
      involve multiple sites, large differences are found between the time-average
      values and the average structure values for the coupling constants. Comparison of
      the simulation results with the experimental trends suggests that side chains
      with more than one position are more common in proteins than is inferred from X
      ray results. It is concluded that for the main chain, motional effects do not
      introduce significant errors where vicinal coupling constants are used in
      structure determinations; however, for side chains, the motional average can
      alter deductions about the structure. Accurately measured coupling constants are
      shown to provide information concerning the magnitude of dihedral angle
      fluctuations.

PMID- 4052370
TI  - Native-like folding intermediates of homologous ribonucleases.
AB  - The mechanism of the slow refolding reactions of four different pancreatic
      ribonucleases from ox, sheep, red deer, and roe deer has been investigated.
      Refolding kinetics of these proteins were very similar. In particular, a native
      like intermediate, IN, was shown to be populated on the slow refolding pathway of
      all ribonucleases. We conclude that, similar to the stability of the folded
      proteins, the pathway of slow refolding has been conserved despite the
      differences in amino acid sequence and the varying number of proline residues.

PMID- 4052371
TI  - 1H NMR studies of substrate hydrogen exchange reactions catalyzed by L-methionine
      gamma-lyase.
AB  - Hydrogen exchange reactions of various L-amino acids catalyzed by L-methionine
      gamma-lyase (EC 4.4.1.11) have been studied. The enzyme catalyzes the rapid
      exchange of the alpha- and beta-hydrogens of L-methionine and S-methyl-L-cysteine
      with deuterium from the solvent. The rate of alpha-hydrogen exchange was about 40
      times faster than that of the enzymatic elimination reaction of the sulfur
      containing amino acids. The enzyme also catalyzes the exchange reaction of alpha-
      and beta-hydrogens of the following straight-chain L-amino acids which are not
      susceptible to elimination: norleucine, norvaline, alpha-aminobutyrate, and
      alanine. The exchange rates of the alpha-hydrogen and the total beta-hydrogens of
      L-alanine and L-alpha-aminobutyrate with deuterium followed first-order kinetics.
      For L-norvaline, L-norleucine, S-methyl-L-cysteine, and L-methionine, the rate of
      alpha-hydrogen exchange followed first-order kinetics, but the rate of total beta
      hydrogen exchange decreased due to a primary isotope effect at the alpha
      position. One beta-hydrogen of S-methyl-L-cysteine was exchanged faster than the
      other, although both the beta-hydrogens were exchanged completely with deuterium
      ultimately. L-Phenylalanine and L-tryptophan slowly underwent alpha-hydrogen
      exchange. The pro-R hydrogen of glycine was deuterated stereospecifically. None
      of the following amino acids were susceptible to the enzymatic hydrogen exchange:
      D isomers of the above amino acids, branched chain L-amino acids, acidic L-amino
      acids, and basic L-amino acids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052372
TI  - Light-scattering investigation of the dissociation behavior of Lunatia heros and
      Littorina littorea hemocyanins.
AB  - The subunit structure and dissociation of the hemocyanins of two marine snails,
      Lunatia heros and Littorina littorea, were investigated by light-scattering
      molecular weight methods. The hemocyanins of both species of snails are readily
      dissociated to fragments of one-tenth and one-twentieth of the parent proteins of
      close to 9 X 10(6) daltons by either increasing the pH or using dissociating
      reagents of the hydrophobic urea series or some of the Hofmeister salts. The
      lower members of the latter group of reagents, NaCl, and to some extent also NaBr
      were found to have only marginal effects on the observed molecular weight
      transitions, suggesting that the two hemocyanins investigated possess beta-type
      subunits, which are known to be resistant to NaCl dissociation. The molecular
      weight profiles obtained with the various dissociating reagents were single
      inverted sigmoidal-shaped curves for both Lunatia and Littorina hemocyanins,
      suggesting overlapping transitions. The ultracentrifugation patterns and the
      species-distribution plots based on the urea dissociation data of Littorina
      hemocyanin suggest the presence of whole, half, and one-tenth molecular weight
      species in the dissociation transition region. Fitting of the urea dissociation
      data of Littorina hemocyanin obtained at both pH 5.7 and pH 8.0, assuming a
      sequential two-step dissociation scheme used in our previous studies [Herskovits,
      T. T., & Russell, M. W. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 2812-2819], was found to be
      consistent with a model of a few hydrophobic binding sites at the contact areas
      of the half-molecules and a much larger apparent number of binding sites (Napp)
      at the side to side contacts of the one-tenth molecules.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052373
TI  - Structural differences in the two calcium binding sites of the porcine intestinal
      calcium binding protein: a multinuclear NMR study.
AB  - Cadmium-113 and calcium-43 NMR spectra of Cd2+ and Ca2+ bound to the porcine
      intestinal calcium binding protein (ICaBP; Mr 9000) contain two resonances. The
      first resonance is characterized by NMR parameters resembling those found for
      these cations bound to proteins containing the typical helix-loop-helix calcium
      binding domains of parvalbumin, calmodulin, and troponin C, which are defined as
      EF-hands by Kretsinger [Kretsinger, R. H. (1976) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 45, 239].
      The second resonance in both spectra has a unique chemical shift and is
      consequently assigned to the metal ion bound in the N-terminal site of ICaBP.
      This site is characterized by an insertion of a proline in the loop of the helix
      loop-helix domain and will be called the pseudo-EF-hand site. The binding of Cd2+
      to the apo form of ICaBP is sequential. The EF-hand site is filled first. Both
      binding sites have similar, but not identical, affinities for Ca2+: at a Ca2+ to
      protein ratio of 1:1, 65% of the ion is bound in the EF-hand site and 35% in the
      pseudo-EF-hand site. The two sites do not appear to act independently; thus,
      replacement of Ca2+ or Cd2+ by La3+ in the EF-hand site causes changes in the
      environment of the ions in the pseudo-EF-hand site. In addition, the chemical
      shift of Cd2+ bound to the EF-hand site is dependent on the presence or absence
      of Ca2+ or Cd2+ in the pseudo-EF-hand site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052374
TI  - Prothrombin biosynthesis: characterization of processing events in rat liver
      microsomes.
AB  - Plasma and hepatic microsomal forms of rat prothrombin have been compared by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing.
      The major prothrombin species that accumulated in the microsomes of rats treated
      with warfarin had a molecular weight of 78 500 and a pI in 8 M urea of 6.3-6.5.
      Plasma prothrombin had a molecular weight of 83 500 and a pI of 5.3-5.7.
      Microsomes from normal rat liver contain a second pool of precursor with a
      molecular weight of 83 500, and digestion with the glycosidase Endo H indicated
      that this form has been processed to contain complex carbohydrates, while the Mr
      78 500 form is a high mannose form and is the substrate for the vitamin K
      dependent carboxylase. Treatment of rats with tunicamycin revealed that
      glycosylation was not essential for carboxylation or secretion from the liver.
      Comparison of the aglyco forms of prothrombin and its precursors suggests that
      the intracellular forms contain a basic, Mr approximately 1500 peptide that is
      missing from the plasma form of prothrombin.

PMID- 4052375
TI  - Electron-transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase from pig liver:
      purification and molecular, redox, and catalytic properties.
AB  - Electron-transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF-QO) was purified to
      homogeneity from pig liver submitochondrial particles. It is comparable in
      molecular weight and general properties to ETF-QO from beef heart [Ruzicka, F.
      J., & Beinert, H. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 8440-8445], and the electron spin
      resonance signals of the reduced iron-sulfur cluster are essentially identical.
      ETF-QO catalyzes the transfer of electrons from electron-transfer flavoprotein
      (ETF) to nitro blue tetrazolium, with a sluggish reaction turnover number of
      about 10-30 min-1. In contrast, the enzyme rapidly disproportionates ETF
      semiquinone, with a turnover number of 200 s-1. The reverse reaction,
      comproportionation of oxidized and hydroquinone ETF, provides an enzymatic assay
      for ETF-QO with picomolar sensitivity. Equilibrium spectrophotometric titrations
      show that ETF-QO accepts a maximum of two electrons from ETF and accepts three
      electron equivalents from dithionite or by photochemical reduction. All electrons
      from the enzymatically or chemically reduced protein can be transferred to 2,3
      dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-pentyl-1,4-benzoquinone (PB), and this reaction is readily
      reversible. Reduction of ETF-QO by 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-pentyl-1,4
      benzohydroquinone is pH dependent and indicates the enzyme to have a redox
      potential that decreases by 47 mV per pH unit. Therefore, ETF-QO binds one to two
      protons upon reduction. The EO' at pH 7.3 is 38 mV. The ability of ETF-QO to
      catalyze the equilibration of ETF redox states has been used to evaluate the
      equilibrium 2ETFsq + nH+ in equilibrium ETFox + ETFhq.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4052376
TI  - Bacterial luciferase: demonstration of a catalytically competent altered
      conformational state following a single turnover.
AB  - Ziegler-Nicoli et al. [Ziegler-Nicoli, M., Meighen, E. A., & Hastings, J. W.
      (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 2385-2392] reported that a highly reactive cysteinyl
      residue on the alpha subunit of bacterial luciferase resides in or near the
      flavin binding site such that the enzyme-flavin complex is protected from
      inactivation by alkylating reagents. These authors also observed that injection
      of reduced flavin mononucleotide (FMNH2) into an air-equilibrated solution of
      enzyme protected the enzyme from alkylation for much longer than the lifetime of
      the 4a-peroxydihydroflavin intermediate resulting from reaction of enzyme-bound
      FMNH2 with O2. Two related explanations were offered: either the product flavin
      mononucleotide dissociated from the enzyme much more slowly following a catalytic
      cycle than would be predicted from the Kd measured by equilibrium binding or the
      enzyme itself, without bound flavin, was in an altered conformational state in
      which the thiol was less reactive following a catalytic cycle. Either explanation
      involves a slow return of the enzyme to its initial state following a catalytic
      cycle. We have investigated this phenomenon in more detail and found that rapid
      removal of the flavin from the enzyme by chromatography following catalytic
      turnover did not return the enzyme to its original state of susceptibility to
      either alkylating reagents or proteolytic enzymes. The flavin-free enzyme
      returned to the susceptible conformation with a half-time of ca. 25 min at 0
      degree C. Inactivation of the enzyme at intermediate times of relaxation by
      either a proteolytic enzyme or an alkylating reagent showed biphasic kinetics,
      indicative of a mixture of the protected and susceptible forms.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052377
TI  - Chemical trapping of complexes of dihydroxyacetone phosphate with muscle fructose
      1,6-bisphosphate aldolase.
AB  - Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) in equilibrium with FDP aldolase of muscle is
      present in the form of two major covalent complexes. One, representing
      approximately 60% of total bound substrate, decomposes to Pi and methylglyoxal
      upon acid denaturation of the enzyme as first reported by Grazi and Trombetta
      [Grazi, E., & Trombetta, G. (1979) Biochem. J. 175, 361-365]. This is now shown
      to be the enzyme-eneamine phosphate reaction intermediate since Pi formation is
      prevented if the acid denaturation is done in the presence of potassium
      ferricyanide, an oxidant of the eneamine. The enzyme-eneamine aldehyde X Pi 6,
      presumed to be an intermediate of the slow methylglyoxal synthetase reaction of
      aldolase, must not be a significant source of the Pi produced upon denaturation
      and is probably not a significant component of the equilibrium. The oxidation
      product, the enzyme-imine of phosphopyruvaldehyde, is sufficiently stable in 1 N
      HCl, t1/2 = 76 min at 0 degree C, to be isolated with the trichloroacetic acid
      precipitated protein. A second covalent complex, approximately 20-24% of bound
      dihydroxyacetone [32P]phosphate, remains with the protein during acid
      denaturation and centrifugation. This acid-stable complex is formed rapidly and
      is chased rapidly by unlabeled substrate. Its stability in 1 N HCl is similar to
      that of the ferricyanide-oxidized derivative mentioned above. From this and its
      reactivity with cyanoborohydride in acid, this complex is thought to be the imine
      adduct of DHAP with aldolase 4 and/or the carbinolamine complex 3 present in the
      initial equilibrium. D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate in the carbonyl form also forms
      an acid-precipitable complex with aldolase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052378
TI  - Complexes of muscle aldolase in equilibrium with fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
AB  - Minimum values for the content of covalent intermediates in the equilibria of
      muscle aldolase with its cleavable substrates have been determined by acid
      denaturation/precipitation. Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, a nonsubstrate that binds
      well to aldolase in the native state, does not form a covalent complex that is
      acid precipitable. The insoluble protein complexes with substrates fructose 1,6
      bisphosphate and sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate, representing approximately 50%
      and approximately 60% of total bound substrate, are much more stable in acid and
      alkali than that with substrate 5-deoxyfructose 1,6-bisphosphate, suggesting that
      they have the form of protein-bound N-glycosides. Whether such complexes exist on
      the enzyme in the native state in addition to being formed subsequent to
      denaturation is unresolved. Both the acid-precipitable and nonprecipitable forms
      of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate are converted to triose phosphate products at the
      same rate, providing no kinetic evidence for a pool that is not on the main
      reaction path. Total fructose 1,6-bisphosphate liganded to enzyme returns to the
      free solution about 9 times for each net cleavage reaction. It is still not clear
      whether this is limited by the cleavage step or by release of glyceraldehyde
      phosphate.

PMID- 4052379
TI  - Active site histidine in spinach ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
      modified by diethyl pyrocarbonate.
AB  - [3H] Diethyl pyrocarbonate was synthesized [Melchior, W. B., & Fahrney, D. (1970)
      Biochemistry 9, 251-258] from [3H] ethanol prepared by the reduction of
      acetaldehyde by NaB3H4. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO)
      from spinach was inactivated with this reagent at pH 7.0 the presence of 20 mM
      Mg2+, and tryptic peptides that contained modified histidine residues were
      isolated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Labeling of the
      enzyme was conducted in the presence and absence of the competitive inhibitor
      sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate. The amount of one peptide that was heavily
      labeled in the absence of this compound was reduced 10-fold in its presence. The
      labeled residue was histidine-298. This result, in combination with our earlier
      experiments [Saluja, A. K., & McFadden, B. A. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 89-95],
      suggests that His-298 in spinach RuBisCO is located in the active site domain and
      is essential to enzyme activity. This region of the primary structure is strongly
      conserved in seven other ribulosebisphosphate carboxylases from divergent
      sources.

PMID- 4052380
TI  - Poly(dA).poly(dT) exists in an unusual conformation under physiological
      conditions: propidium binding to poly(dA).poly(dT) and poly[d(A-T)].poly[d(A-T)].
AB  - The binding of propidium to poly(dA).poly(dT) [poly(dA.dT)] and to poly[d(A
      T)].poly[d(A-T)] [poly[d(A-T)2]] has been compared under a variety of solution
      conditions by viscometric titrations, binding studies, and kinetic experiments.
      The binding of propidium to poly[d(A-T)2] is quite similar to its binding to calf
      thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The interaction with poly(dA.dT), however, is
      quite unusual. The viscosity of a poly(dA.dT) solution first decreases and then
      increases in a titration with propidium at 18 degrees C. The viscosity of
      poly[d(A-T)2] shows no decrease in a similar titration. Scatchard plots for the
      interaction of propidium with poly(dA.dT) show the classical upward curvature for
      positive cooperativity. The curvature decreases as the temperature is increased
      in binding experiments. A van't Hoff plot of the observed binding constants
      yields an apparent positive enthalpy of approximately +6 kcal/mol for the
      propidium-poly(dA.dT) interaction. Propidium binding to poly[d(A-T)2] shows no
      evidence for positive cooperativity, and the enthalpy change for the reaction is
      approximately -9 kcal/mol. Both the magnitude of the dissociation constants and
      the effects of ionic strength are quite similar for the dissociation of propidium
      from poly(dA-T)2] and from poly[d(A-T)2], suggesting that the intercalated states
      are similar for the two complexes. The observed association reactions, under
      pseudo-first-order conditions, are quite different. Plots of the observed pseudo
      first-order association rate constant vs. polymer concentration have much larger
      slopes for propidium binding to poly[d(A-T)2] than to poly(dA.dT).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052382
TI  - Multistage unfolding of wheat germ ribosomal 5S RNA analyzed by differential
      scanning calorimetry.
AB  - Unfolding of purified wheat germ ribosomal RNA has been studied by differential
      scanning calorimetry (DSC) from 15 to 95 degrees C, in the presence and absence
      of 100 mM NaCl and/or 10 mM MgCl2. The total enthalpy of melting varies from
      about 290 (no sodium or magnesium) to 480 kcal/mol (Mg2+ only) and precisely
      accounts for the number and types of base pairs deduced from prior Fourier
      transform infrared experiments. The composite DSC curves are analyzed into four
      individual two-state melting stages. Both Na+ and Mg2+ shift the melting
      transitions to higher temperature; in addition, Mg2+ causes the individual
      transitions to merge (i.e., melt cooperatively) and leads to irreversible chain
      cleavage at high temperature. The results are analyzed according to three general
      secondary base-pairing models for eukaryotic 5S RNA.

PMID- 4052381
TI  - Characteristics of the binding of the anticancer agents mitoxantrone and
      ametantrone and related structures to deoxyribonucleic acids.
AB  - The binding constants for interaction of the anticancer agents mitoxantrone and
      ametantrone and several congeners with calf thymus DNA and the effects of ionic
      strength changes have been determined spectrophotometrically. The agents show a
      preference for certain sequences, particularly those with GC base pairs, and the
      magnitude of the specificity depends on the specific substituents on the
      anthraquinone ring system. The binding constant for mitoxantrone with calf thymus
      DNA in 0.1 M Na+, pH 7, is approximately 6 X 10(6) M-1, and the rate constant for
      the sodium dodecyl sulfate driven dissociation of mitoxantrone from its calf
      thymus DNA complex under the same solution conditions and 20 degrees C was
      determined to be 1.3 s-1. The unwinding angle of mitoxantrone determined
      independently by viscosity measurements and by a novel assay employing calf
      thymus topoisomerase shows excellent agreement for a value of 17.5 degrees. The
      viscosity increase of sonicated calf thymus DNA varies considerably with the
      substituent on the anthraquinone ring system. Binding studies employing T4 and
      phi w-14 DNAs in which the major groove is occluded and the reverse experiment
      with anthramycin-treated calf thymus DNA indicate at least part of the
      mitoxantrone molecule may lie in the minor groove.

PMID- 4052383
TI  - Evolutionary aspects of accuracy of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. Accuracy of the
      cytoplasmic and chloroplastic enzymes of a higher plant (Phaseolus vulgaris).
AB  - The phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases from cytoplasm and chloroplasts of bean
      (Phaseolus vulgaris) leaves employ different strategies with respect to accuracy.
      The chloroplastic enzyme that is coded for by the nuclear genome follows the
      pathway of posttransfer proofreading, also characteristic for enzymes from
      eubacteria and cytoplasm and mitochondria of lower eukaryotic organisms. In
      contrast, the cytoplasmic enzyme uses pretransfer proofreading in the case of
      noncognate natural amino acids, characteristic for higher eukaryotic organisms
      and archaebacteria. Dependent on the nature of the noncognate amino acid,
      pretransfer proofreading in this case occurs without tRNA stimulation or with
      tRNA stimulated with no or little effect of the nonaccepting 3'-OH group of the
      terminal adenosine. The fundamental mechanistic difference in proofreading
      between the heterotopic intracellular isoenzymes of the plant cell supports the
      idea of the origin of the chloroplastic gene by gene transfer from a eubacterial
      endosymbiont to the nucleus. Origin by duplication of the nuclear gene, as
      indicated for mitochondrial phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases [Gabius, H.-J.,
      Engelhardt, R., Schroeder, F.R., & Cramer, F. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 5306-5315],
      appears unlikely. Further analyses of the ATP/PPi pyrophosphate exchange and
      aminoacylation of tRNAPhe-C-C-A(3'NH2), using 11 phenylalanine analogues, reveal
      intraspecies and interspecies variability of the architecture of the amino acid
      binding part within the active site.

PMID- 4052384
TI  - Spontaneous transfer of gangliotetraosylceramide between phospholipid vesicles.
AB  - The transfer kinetics of the neutral glycosphingolipid gangliotetraosylceramide
      (asialo-GM1) were investigated by monitoring tritiated asialo-GM1 movement from
      donor to acceptor vesicles. Two different methods were employed to separate donor
      and acceptor vesicles at desired time intervals. In one method, a negative charge
      was imparted to dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine donor vesicles by including 10
      mol% dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid. Donors were separated from neutral
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine acceptor vesicles by ion-exchange chromatography.
      In the other method, small, unilamellar donor vesicles (20-nm diameter) and
      large, unilamellar acceptor vesicles (70-nm diameter) were coincubated at 45
      degrees C and then separated at desired time intervals by molecular sieve
      chromatography. The majority of asialo-GM1 transfer to acceptor vesicles occurred
      as a slow first-order process with a half-time of about 24 days assuming that the
      relative concentration of asialo-GM1 in the phospholipid matrix was identical in
      each half of the donor bilayer and that no glycolipid flip-flop occurred. Asialo
      GM1 net transfer was calculated relative to that of [14C]cholesteryl oleate,
      which served as a nontransferable marker in the donor vesicles. A nearly
      identical transfer half-time was obtained when the phospholipid matrix was
      changed from dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine to
      palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine. Varying the acceptor vesicle concentration
      did not significantly alter the asialo-GM1 transfer half-time. This result is
      consistent with a transfer mechanism involving diffusion of glycolipid through
      the aqueous phase rather than movement of glycolipid following formation of
      collisional complexes between donor and acceptor vesicles. When viewed within the
      context of other recent studies involving neutral glycosphingolipids, these
      findings provide additional evidence for the existence of microscopic,
      glycosphingolipid-enriched domains within the phospholipid bilayer.

PMID- 4052385
TI  - Phase transition properties of 1,2- and 1,3-diacylphosphatidylethanolamines with
      modified head groups.
AB  - The phase transition properties of dilute aqueous suspensions of "nonhydrated"
      (i.e., lipid suspensions which had not been heated above room temperature or
      above the main phase transition temperature of the fully hydrated lipid,
      whichever was lower) and hydrated 1,2(alpha)- and 1,3(beta)
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamines with modified head groups have been
      determined by high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry at a scan rate
      of 0.1 K min-1. In both the 1,2 and 1,3 series, the head-group modifications of
      the phosphoethanolamine moiety included N-methyl, N,N-dimethyl, and N,N,N
      trimethyl (phosphocholine). In the 1,2 series, additional modifications were
      dinitrophenyl, trinitrophenyl, N-(dinitrophenyl)aminocaproyl, N
      (trinitrophenyl)aminocaproyl, and N-4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole. Also included
      in this study were 1,2-dihexadecylphosphatidylethanolamine and the corresponding
      N-methyl-substituted lipid. In general, increasing bulkiness of the head-group
      substituent caused increasing lowering of the transition temperature, the most
      extreme cases among the hydrated lipids being the 45 degrees C lowering produced
      by the N-(dinitrophenyl)aminocaproyl substitution and its trinitrophenyl analogue
      in the 1,2 series. No simple trend is evident in the changes produced in the
      calorimetric enthalpy of transitions.

PMID- 4052386
TI  - Macrophage recognition of immune complexes: development and application of novel
      cell surface labeling procedures.
AB  - A fluorescein- and lactoperoxidase-conjugated ferritin-anti-ferritin immune
      complex has been prepared for cell surface labeling experiments on immune
      recognition and effector function. Lactoperoxidase (LPO) has been covalently
      coupled to affinity-purified anti-ferritin antibodies with p-benzoquinone by a
      modified version of the method of Ternynck and Avrameas [Ternynck, T., &
      Avrameas, S. (1976) Ann. Immunol. (Paris) 127C, 197]. The conjugate is a
      heterodimer of Mr230 000 with linkages to either or both of the heavy and light
      chains of the antibody, as judged by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in the absence and presence of 2
      mercaptoethanol. The conjugate retains antibody-binding activity as measured by a
      quantitative precipitin assay. When incorporated into immune complexes, the
      modified antibody also retains Fc receptor recognition ability as determined by
      erythrocyte-antibody rosette inhibition assays. Electron microscopy demonstrated
      that the antigen, ferritin, was monodisperse with complete apoprotein sheaths
      surrounding the core. Ferritin-anti-ferritin-LPO complexes were formed in 4-fold
      antigen excess. Complexes were verified by fluorescence and electron microscopy.
      Immune complexes were masked with "cold" iodine by use of the endogenous LPO
      activity. The complexes bound to cells at 4 degrees C as shown by electron
      microscopy and fluorescence video/intensification microscopy. The LPO delivered
      to the cell surface in this fashion can be utilized to iodinate the surface with
      125I. Under saturation conditions, the labeling with local LPO delivery followed
      by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography is identical with labeling with free LPO.
      Labeling has also been conducted under conditions of substrate deficit.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052387
TI  - Multiple copies of phosphorylated filaggrin in epidermal profilaggrin
      demonstrated by analysis of tryptic peptides.
AB  - The precursor of mouse (c57/B16) epidermal filaggrin (profilaggrin) is a very
      large (ca. 500 000 daltons), highly phosphorylated protein containing multiple
      copies of filaggrin (26 000 daltons). The conversion of profilaggrin to filaggrin
      late in epidermal cell differentiation involves dephosphorylation and proteolysis
      to yield the unphosphorylated filaggrin, which polymerizes with keratin filaments
      into macrofibrils. In order to gain insight in the nature of these processes, we
      compared tryptic digests of profilaggrin with those of filaggrin by reverse-phase
      liquid chromatography. Approximately 80% of the profilaggrin mass consists of
      multiple copies of filaggrin. Twenty peptides purified in good yield from both
      profilaggrin and filaggrin accounted for most of the filaggrin sequence. A
      detailed analysis of the yield of several peptides provided an estimate of the
      size and frequency of the repeat unit within profilaggrin. These data indicate
      that the repeating substructure of profilaggrin contains about 265 amino acids
      and that about 50 residues are removed per filaggrin domain as the precursor is
      processed to filaggrin. Assuming a molecular weight of 500 000 (as estimated from
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), this indicates there
      are 16 repeats. Analysis of phosphopeptides isolated from profilaggrin showed
      that 66% of the phosphate was located on peptides that are unphosphorylated in
      filaggrin. Analysis of peptide recoveries confirmed the repeat size and showed
      that every copy of filaggrin was phosphorylated in profilaggrin.

PMID- 4052388
TI  - Differences in G-actin containing bound ATP or ADP: the Mg2+-induced
      conformational change requires ATP.
AB  - The role of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) in the Mg2+-induced conformational
      change of rabbit skeletal muscle G-actin has been investigated by comparing actin
      containing bound ADP with actin containing bound ATP. As previously described
      [Frieden, C. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 2882-2886], N-acetyl-N'-(5-sulfo-1
      naphthyl)ethylenediamine-labeled G-actin containing ATP undergoes a time
      dependent Mg2+-induced fluorescence change that reflects a conformational change
      in the actin. Addition of Mg2+ to labeled G-actin containing ADP gives no
      fluorescence change, suggesting that the conformational change does not occur.
      The fluorescence change can be restored on the addition of ATP. Examination of
      the time courses of these experiments suggests that ATP must replace ADP prior to
      the Mg2+-induced change. The Mg2+-induced polymerization of actin containing ADP
      is extraordinarily slow compared to that of actin containing ATP. The lack of the
      Mg2+-induced conformational change, which is an essential step in the Mg2+
      induced polymerization, is probably the cause for the very slow polymerization of
      actin containing ADP. On the other hand, at 20 degrees C, at pH 8, and in 2 mM
      Mg2+, the elongation rate from the slow growing end of an actin filament,
      measured by using the protein brevin to block growth at the fast growing end, is
      only 4 times slower for actin containing ADP than for actin containing ATP.

PMID- 4052389
TI  - Interaction of lipoprotein lipase and apolipoprotein C-II with sonicated vesicles
      of 1,2-ditetradecylphosphatidylcholine: comparison of binding constants.
AB  - The interaction of lipoprotein lipase (LpL) and its activator protein,
      apolipoprotein C-II (apoC-II), with a nonhydrolyzable phosphatidylcholine, 1,2
      ditetradecyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (C14-ether-PC), was studied by
      fluorescence spectroscopy. A complex of 320 molecules of C14-ether-PC per LpL was
      isolated by density gradient ultracentrifugation in KBr. The intrinsic tryptophan
      fluorescence emission spectrum of LpL was shifted from 336 nm in the absence of
      lipid to 330 nm in the LpL-lipid complex; the shift was associated with a 40%
      increase in fluorescence intensity. Addition of C14-ether-PC vesicles to apoC-II
      caused a 2.5-fold increase in intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and a shift in
      emission maximum from 340 to 317 nm. LpL and apoC-II/C14-ether-PC stoichiometries
      and binding constants were determined by measuring the increase in the intrinsic
      tryptophan fluorescence as a function of lipid and protein concentrations; for
      LpL the rate and magnitude of the fluorescence increases were relatively
      independent of temperature in the range 4-37 degrees C. A stoichiometry of 270 PC
      per LpL for the LpL-lipid complex compares favorably with the value obtained in
      the isolated complex. The dissociation constant (Kd) of the complex is 4.3 X 10(
      8) M. For apoC-II, the stoichiometry of the complex is 18 PC per apoprotein, and
      the Kd is 3.0 X 10(-6) M. These data suggest that LpL binds more strongly than
      apoC-II to phosphatidylcholine interfaces.

PMID- 4052390
TI  - Short-chain phosphatidylethanolamines: physical properties and susceptibility of
      the monomers to phospholipase A2 action.
AB  - The homologous series of optically active short-chain phosphatidylethanolamines
      (PE) from dibutyryl-PE to dioctanoyl-PE was synthesized. In addition, two
      monomeric short-chain phospholipid analogues that are not degraded by
      phospholipase A2 (1,2-bis[(butylcarbamyl)oxy]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and the
      corresponding ethanolamine derivative) were synthesized. In contrast to the short
      chain phosphatidylcholines (PC), short-chain PE's have defined solubilities in
      water. No break below the solubility limit was found in surface tension plots,
      suggesting that these compounds exist as monomers in aqueous solution. Only when
      a significant fraction of the molecules is negatively charged can they form
      micelles by themselves. Cobra venom phospholipase A2 hydrolyzes monomeric short
      chain PE's at about the same rate as short-chain PC's but hydrolyzes long-chain
      PC's much more rapidly than long-chain PE's. The hydrolysis of short-chain PE's
      is found to be activated by phosphocholine-containing compounds only in the
      presence of an interface; in its absence phosphocholine-containing compounds can
      act as competitive inhibitors. Possible explanations for this phenomenon are
      considered.

PMID- 4052391
TI  - Isolation of steroid receptor binding protein from chicken oviduct and production
      of monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that the molybdate-stabilized progesterone receptor
      from the chick oviduct contains a nonhormone binding component with a molecular
      weight of 90 000. This protein has also been shown to be associated with some
      other molybdate-stabilized steroid receptors of the oviduct. In order to access
      this larger pool of the receptor binding protein, we have developed an isolation
      procedure based on the observation that the protein is selectively shed from
      proteins adsorbed to heparin-agarose when molybdate is removed. The protein
      obtained by this procedure is shown to be the same as that isolated from affinity
      purified progesterone receptor as compared by protease digestion and one
      dimensional peptide mapping. Four immunoglobulin G secreting hybridoma cell lines
      were generated against the 90 000-dalton antigen. All of the antibodies recognize
      the 90 000-dalton protein obtained by electrophoretic transfer from sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. In addition, two of the antibodies complex
      the molybdate-stabilized progesterone receptor as demonstrated by sedimentation
      analysis on sucrose gradients. One of these antibodies was used to show the
      presence of the 90 000-dalton component in molybdate-stabilized glucocorticoid
      and androgen receptors and also to show its presence in brain, liver, and
      skeletal muscle, but not in serum.

PMID- 4052392
TI  - External calcium inhibits the efflux of calcium from isolated retinal rod outer
      segment disks.
AB  - Increasing the concentration of calcium in the external buffer flowing past
      isolated, intact bovine retinal rod outer segment disks immobilized in a flow
      system reduced the rate of radioactive calcium efflux from within the disks in
      the dark. We interpret these results as extradiskal calcium acting at an
      inhibitory binding site to block the calcium efflux. A Scatchard analysis of the
      external calcium dependence of the efflux yields an apparent dissociation
      constant of 50 microM, which further suggests that the inhibition is mediated by
      a specific membrane binding site. The observed inhibition of calcium efflux may
      represent a functional role for the high-affinity calcium binding site which has
      been identified by others in previous physical studies of the disk membrane. This
      external calcium inhibited permeability may explain some of the discrepancies in
      the reported calcium transport properties of disks. Variations in the external
      calcium concentration may alter the calcium content of isolated disks, thereby
      indirectly affecting other transport functions including the measured light
      induced release of calcium. No evidence was found for either Na/Ca or Ca/Ca
      exchange processes across the disk membrane. Lanthanum was even more effective
      than calcium in inhibiting calcium efflux in the dark. Neither lanthanum nor
      calcium inhibited the light-induced efflux of calcium from disks, which implies
      either that light and extradiskal calcium regulate separate permeability
      processes in the disk membrane or that light greatly reduces the affinity of the
      inhibitory site for calcium and lanthanum.

PMID- 4052393
TI  - Nucleoside and nucleotide inactivation of R17 coat protein: evidence for a
      transient covalent RNA-protein bond.
AB  - R17 coat protein forms a specific complex with a 21-nucleotide RNA hairpin
      containing the initiation site for the phage replicase gene. The RNA binding
      activity of the protein is inhibited by prior incubation with 5-bromouridine
      (BrU). The inactivation occurs with pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the inactive
      protein is stable to dilution. RNA binding activity of the BrU-inactivated
      protein is restored upon incubation with dithiothreitol. Inactivation of coat
      protein by N-ethylmaleimide or p-(chloromercuri)-benzenesulfonate indicates that
      a cysteine residue is located near the RNA binding site. Since 5
      bromodeoxyuridine does not inactivate coat protein, a specific binding event
      appears to be required before inactivation can occur. Surprisingly, unmodified
      cytidine nucleotides also inactivate coat protein, with a specificity similar to
      the modified analogues. These results are discussed with regard to the formation
      of a transient covalent RNA-protein bond.

PMID- 4052394
TI  - Transport of alpha- and beta-D-glucose by the intact human red cell.
AB  - The kinetics of alpha- and beta-D-glucose mutarotation and the transport of these
      anomers by intact human red cells were determined at 0.6 and 36.6 degrees C. The
      mutarotation coefficients for alpha- and beta-D-glucose in cell-free
      tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane medium (pH 7.4) at 0.6 degrees C are (2.25 +/-
      0.2) and (1.73 +/- 0.42) X 10(-3) min-1, respectively, and at 36.6 degrees C are
      (69 +/- 12) and (75 +/- 5) X 10(-3) min-1, respectively. These values are in good
      agreement with previous estimates. At 0.6 degrees C, the red cell contains no
      detectable mutarotase activity. Initial rates of sugar uptake were measured by
      using radiolabeled D-glucose and time courses of uptake by turbidimetry. The time
      courses of alpha- and beta-D-glucose and an equilibrium mixture of alpha- and
      beta-D-glucose infinite-cis entry are identical at 0.66 degrees C (n = 41) where
      negligible mutarotation is observed. The apparent Ki values for inhibition of
      radiolabeled D-glucose initial uptake by unlabeled alpha- or beta-D-glucose at
      0.6 degrees C are identical (1.6 mM). The calculated Vmax parameters for uptake
      of the radiolabeled anomers at this temperature are also indistinguishable. The
      time courses of infinite-cis alpha- and beta-D-glucose uptake at 36.66 degrees C
      are identical (n = 40). While D-glucose mutarotation is more rapid at this
      temperature, the anomers of D-glucose are not transported differently by the red
      cell hexose transfer system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052395
TI  - Boundary centrifugation in isovolumetric and isokinetic cesium sulfate density
      gradients: application to cartilage proteoglycans and other macromolecules.
AB  - A boundary sedimentation methodology is described that avoids plateau dilution
      and simplifies the calculation of centrifugal parameters. The technique is
      designed for the preparative ultracentrifuge and uses a newly developed sectorial
      cell. It is based on previous developments of the transport method and depends on
      isokinetic or isovolumetric Cs2SO4 density and viscosity gradients. These
      gradients are prepared with a single-chamber mixing device, and the only two
      parameters required for their calculations are presented in a tabulated form for
      general use with most available rotors and cell sizes. Conditions are specified
      (1) to assure that the density and shape of the sedimenting molecules remain
      invariant through the selected electrolytic gradient, (2) to monitor the gradient
      profiles, and (3) to verify attainment of isokinetic or isovolumetric
      sedimentations. A set of equations is presented to calculate the average and
      transport sedimentation coefficients and the differential sedimentation
      coefficient distribution for both the isokinetic and isovolumetric centrifugal
      regimes. The method was applied to slowly diffusing polydisperse proteoglycan
      monomers, to a paucidisperse DNA from bacteriophage PM2, and to a diffusible
      monodisperse system (purified bovine serum albumin). In all cases, the expected
      results were obtained.

PMID- 4052396
TI  - Hydrogen bonding in the carboxyl-terminal half-fragment 78-148 of calmodulin as
      studied by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - The C-terminal half-fragment (residues 78-148) of scallop testis calmodulin was
      investigated by 500-MHz two-dimensional proton NMR in order to clarify the
      structure and the structural change accompanying Ca2+ binding. The sequential
      resonance assignment to individual amino acid residues was made in part (27 out
      of 71 residues) by a combination of correlated spectroscopy and nuclear
      Overhauser effect spectroscopy of a 90% H2O solution. In the Ca2+-bound state,
      resonances of backbone amide protons of Gly-98, Gly-134, Ile-100, Asn-137, and
      Val-136 appear at extremely low fields. These findings suggest that amide protons
      of these residues are hydrogen bonded. In the Ca2+-free state, the amide
      resonances of Ile-100 and Gly-134 disappear into the crowded normal shift region.
      This observation indicates that two hydrogen bonds of Ile-100 and Gly-134 are
      destroyed (or weakened) as Ca2+ ions are removed from two Ca2+-binding sites.
      Chemical shifts of amide and alpha-protons of residues located in the Ca2+
      binding loop of domain III are similar to those of domain IV. These results
      suggest that the conformations of the two loops are very similar. The present
      results can be interpreted in terms of a structure predicted by Kretsinger
      [Kretsinger, R.H. (1980) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 356, 14].

PMID- 4052397
TI  - Effects of anti-thrombospondin monoclonal antibodies on the agglutination of
      erythrocytes and fixed, activated platelets by purified thrombospondin.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (Mab) has been raised against native thrombospondin (TSP),
      the endogenous lectin of human platelets, that inhibits the hemagglutination of
      trypsinized, glutaraldehyde-fixed human erythrocytes by purified TSP. This Mab,
      designated A2.5, also inhibits the agglutination of fixed, activated platelets by
      TSP. Mab A2.5 immunoprecipitates a 25-kilodalton (kDa) peptide from chymotryptic
      digests of TSP that is not disulfide bonded to any other region of the TSP
      molecule. This fragment represents the previously characterized heparin binding
      domain of TSP [Dixit, V.M., Grant, G.A., Santoro, S.A., & Frazier, W.A. (1984) J.
      Biol. Chem. 259, 10100-10105]. In agreement with this assignment, heparin
      inhibits the binding of Mab A2.5 to TSP. Another Mab, designated C6.7, also
      blocks TSP-mediated hemagglutination, yet has no effect on the agglutination of
      fixed, activated platelets by TSP. This Mab has been shown to inhibit the
      thrombin-stimulated aggregation of live platelets and to immunoprecipitate an 18
      kDa fragment from chymotryptic digests, which is distinct from the heparin
      binding domain [Dixit, V.M., Haverstick, D.M., O'Rourke, K.M., Hennessy, S.W.,
      Grant, G.A., Santoro, S.A., & Frazier, W.A. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
      82, 3472-3476].

PMID- 4052398
TI  - Proton NMR of aequorin. Structural changes concomitant with calcium-independent
      light emission.
AB  - Aequorin, a Ca(II)-sensitive bioluminescent protein from jellyfish, emits light
      at 469 nm from an excited state of a substituted pyrazine (oxyluciferin) which
      results from the oxidation of a chromophore molecule that is noncovalently bound
      to the protein. The chromophore is oxidized when Ca(II) or other activating metal
      ions are bound by aequorin. In the absence of Ca(II), spontaneous emission of
      light, referred to as Ca(II)-independent light emission, occurs at a rate less
      than 10(-6) of that for Ca(II)-induced emission. Proton nuclear magnetic
      resonance (NMR), circular dichroism (CD), and fluorescence were used to study
      structural changes of aequorin accompanying Ca(II)-independent light emission.
      Time course studies by 1H NMR and CD demonstrate that as a result of Ca(II)
      independent light emission, aequorin progressively changes from a rigid, fully
      active form showing little segmental mobility to a practically unfolded,
      discharged (i.e., inactive) form in which a number of amino acid residues are
      significantly mobile. This slow discharged protein (SDP) is distinct in nature
      and conformation from aequorin which has been discharged by Ca(II), i.e., the
      blue fluorescent protein. The rate of Ca(II)-independent discharge of aequorin is
      substantially reduced in the presence of excess Mg(II); the time constant for
      inactivation at 5 degrees C is 30 days with no Mg(II) present and 70 days with
      Mg(II) present. The NMR spectra are nearly identical at a given stage of
      inactivation whether or not Mg(II) is present. Oxyluciferin remains bound to SDP.
      If it is removed, however, by column chromatography, the resulting apo-SDP
      partially refolds, and the segmental mobility acquired in the formation of SDP is
      significantly attenuated particularly for some of the aromatic amino acid
      residues.

PMID- 4052399
TI  - Conformations of two duplex forms of d(TCGA) in slow-exchange equilibrium
      characterized by NMR.
AB  - Two conformations adopted by the tetranucleoside triphosphate d(TCGA) in aqueous
      solution are in slow-exchange equilibrium on the NMR time scale. 1H and 31P NMR
      spectra obtained at temperatures below 25 degrees C contain two sets of signals
      that vary in relative proportions with changing temperature. High-field NMR
      techniques allow the conformations of these species to be examined. Both forms
      are right-handed double-helical structures, and their interconversion does not
      involve a single-stranded species since transfer of saturation is observed
      between corresponding imino protons held in the base pairs of each duplex. The
      form that predominates at higher temperatures resembles B-DNA, but the other,
      while of similar conformation at the ends of the molecule, is distorted at the C
      G step. Shearing at the center of the duplex results in interstrand stacking of
      the two cytosines in a way that is reminiscent of Z-DNA. Distances between
      nonexchangeable protons in this model are consistent with nuclear Overhauser
      effects observed for resonances of the low-temperature form, while the 1H NMR
      spectrum shows cytidine H-2' resonances at unusually high field. The relative
      stabilities of the two forms are discussed in terms of base stacking and
      hydration, but the origin of the high activation energy for interconversion
      implicit in the slow-exchange rate is unclear. The conformation of the low
      temperature form may represent a sequence-dependent structural feature important
      in natural DNA, although somewhat fortuitously exemplified by this tetramer. The
      suggested involvement in correct nucleosome phasing of the pentamer d(TTCGA),
      present in some eukaryotic genes, is noted.

PMID- 4052400
TI  - Interactions of diastereomeric tripeptides of lysyl-5-fluorotryptophyllysine with
      DNA. 1. Optical and 19F NMR studies of native DNA complexes.
AB  - Lysyl-5-fluoro-L-tryptophyllysine and lysyl-5-fluoro-D-tryptophyllysine were
      synthesized, and their interactions with double-stranded DNA were investigated as
      a model for protein-nucleic acid interactions. The binding to DNA was studied by
      monitoring various 19F NMR parameters, the fluorescence, and the optical
      absorbance in thermal denaturation. The 19F resonance of the L-Trp peptide shifts
      upfield in the presence of DNA, and that of the D-Trp peptide shifts downfield
      with DNA present. The influence of ionic strength on the binding of each peptide
      to DNA and the fluorescence quenching titration of each with DNA indicate that
      electrostatic bonding (approximately 2 per peptide-DNA complex) dominates the
      binding in each case and accounts for the similar binding constants determined
      from the fluorescence quenching, i.e., 7.7 X 10(4) M-1 for the L-Trp complex and
      6.2 X 10(-1) for the D-Trp complex. The 19F NMR chemical shift, line width,
      19F[1H] nuclear Overhauser effect, and spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) changes
      all indicate that the aromatic moiety of the L-Trp complex, but not that of the D
      Trp complex, is stacked between the bases of DNA. The relative increases in DNA
      melting temperature caused by binding of the tripeptide diastereomers are also
      consistent with stacking in the case of the L-Trp peptide. The magnitude of the
      changes and the susceptibility of the 19F NMR chemical shift to altering the
      solvent isotope (H2O vs. D2O) suggest that the L-Trp ring is not intercalated in
      the classical sense but is partially inserted between the bases of one strand of
      the double helix.

PMID- 4052401
TI  - Interactions of diastereomeric tripeptides of lysyl-5-fluorotryptophyllysine with
      DNA. 2. Optical, 19F NMR, and strand cleavage studies of apurinic DNA complexes.
AB  - The interactions of the diastereomers lysyl-5-fluoro-L-tryptophyllysine and lysyl
      5-fluoro-D-tryptophyllysine with apurinic DNA have been examined as a model for
      the action of DNA repair enzymes. The binding characteristics of the tripeptide
      diastereomers to DNA, modified to contain approximately 5% apurinic sites, were
      studied by measuring 19F NMR parameters, fluorescence quenching, and activity in
      promoting single-strand cleavage of plasmid DNA. The affinities of each of the
      peptides to apurinic DNA are similar to those for native DNA. However, the 19F
      NMR chemical shift and relaxation behavior indicates that both diastereomers form
      complexes with apurinic DNA that are distinct from those formed with native DNA.
      In addition, the 19F NMR measurements differ for the L-Trp and D-Trp complexes
      with apurinic DNA. In spite of these differences, when either of the tripeptide
      diastereomers is incubated with plasmid DNA containing apurinic sites, no
      difference in the rate of single-strand cleavage of the DNA is detectable.

PMID- 4052402
TI  - Infrared spectroscopic study of the gel to liquid-crystal phase transition in
      live Acholeplasma laidlawii cells.
AB  - The temperature dependences of the infrared spectra of deuterium-labeled plasma
      membranes of live Acholeplasma laidlawii B cells and of the isolated plasma
      membranes demonstrate that the profiles of the gel to liquid-crystal phase
      transitions are very different. At temperatures within the range of the phase
      transition, the live mycoplasma is able to keep the "fluidity" of its plasma
      membrane at a much higher value than that of the isolated plasma membrane at the
      same temperature. The difference is particularly pronounced at and around the
      temperature of growth. Live Acholeplasma laidlawii, grown at 37 degrees C on a
      fatty acid depleted medium supplemented with myristic acid (C14:0), pentadecanoic
      acid (C15:0), or palmitic acid (C16:0), are highly "fluid"; i.e., at the
      temperature of growth, the fractional population of the liquid-crystalline phase
      is 95-100% at 37 degrees C, whereas in the case of the isolated plasma membranes
      the fractional population of the liquid-crystalline phase at 37 degrees C is only
      58% (C14:0), 36% (C15:0), or 38% (C16:0).

PMID- 4052403
TI  - Deuterium NMR spectroscopy of biosynthetically deuterated mammalian tissues.
AB  - The choline-containing phospholipids of mammalian membranes have been
      biosynthetically deuterated by raising rats on a diet supplemented with
      [HOCH2CH2N(CD3)3]+Cl- or [HOCD2CH2N(CH3)3]+Cl-. Deuterium NMR spectra have been
      obtained from excised deuterated brain, sciatic nerve, heart, and lung, from
      isolated brain myelin and brain microsomes, and from aqueous dispersions of lipid
      extracts. Measurements of residual quadrupole splittings for excised deuterated
      neural tissues demonstrate that the orientational order of the choline head group
      is similar to that observed in model membranes. The spin-lattice relaxation time
      of the choline head group in deuterated neural tissue is indistinguishable from
      that observed in model membranes. These results support the proposal that the
      conformation and motional dynamics of the choline head groups of the bulk choline
      containing lipids of neural tissue are similar to those in model membranes.
      Spectra of biosynthetically deuterated brain myelin and brain microsomes exhibit
      similar quadrupole splittings. Since these membranes have significantly different
      protein contents, these results indicate that no strong polar interactions exist
      between membrane proteins and the choline head groups of choline-containing
      membrane lipids. Spectra of intact deuterated heart and lung exhibit broad lines
      and a range of quadrupole splittings. Due to the heterogeneous nature of these
      tissues, interpretation is difficult. However, no strong ordering of the lipid
      head group by protein is indicated.

PMID- 4052404
TI  - Internal motions of band 3 of human erythrocytes.
AB  - Band 3 was labeled with N-[[(iodoacetyl)amino]ethyl]-5-naphthylamine-1-sulfonate
      either exofacially in the intact washed erythrocytes or endofacially by treating
      inside-out vesicles. Exo labeling resulted in the labeling of several other
      proteins, besides band 3, which could not be removed from the membrane.
      Therefore, the exo-labeled band 3 was extracted and purified by chromatography on
      DEAE-cellulose in Triton X-100. The endo labeling also resulted in the labeling
      of several other proteins. In this case, washing with NaOH removed all labeled
      material except band 3 from the vesicles. The lifetime of bound N
      [(acetylamino)ethyl]-5-naphthylamine-1-sulfonate was heterogeneous, suggesting
      the positioning of the label in different environments either because different
      sites were labeled or because of positional freedom of the label at the same
      point of attachment. The main fraction of emission intensity had a lifetime near
      20 ns, as expected for a hydrophobic environment. The rest showed a lifetime of
      about 3 ns in the exo-labeled band 3 and 9 ns in the endo-labeled band 3. Both
      lifetimes appeared to be independent of temperature between 5 and 25 degrees C,
      suggesting shielding of the probe from the solvent. Quenching phenomena must be
      responsible for both the 3- and 9-ns lifetimes, not due to residual heme, as
      proven by the persistence of such quenching in the Triton X-100 extracted
      protein. The correlation times indicated the presence of a short component,
      between 2 and 4 ns in the different systems, probably due to the presence of a
      flexible portion in the structure of the protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4052405
TI  - Physical properties and surface interactions of bilayer membranes containing N
      methylated phosphatidylethanolamines.
AB  - The structure and physical properties of aqueous dispersions of 1,2-diacyl-sn
      glycero-3-phosphoethanolamines (PE's) and their N-methylated analogues have been
      studied by scanning calorimetry, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, and freeze
      fracture electron microscopy. While successive N-methylations of a
      diacylphosphatidylethanolamine cause only modest decreases in its gel to liquid
      crystalline phase transition temperature, the introduction of even a single N
      methyl group sharply increases the temperature at which the lipid forms a
      hexagonal II phase. However, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance and electron
      microscopy show that unlike pure PE species, N-methylated PE's can form a variety
      of irregular nonlamellar structures at temperatures well below that at which a
      well-defined hexagonal II phase is formed. The rate of calcium-induced leakage of
      encapsulated carboxyfluorescein from large unilamellar vesicles composed of
      dioleoyl- or dielaidoylphosphatidylserine and the corresponding PE is strongly
      reduced when PE is replaced by N-methylated derivatives. The rate of calcium
      induced intermixing of lipids of PE/phosphatidylserine (PS) vesicles steadily
      decreases as the PE component is successively replaced by its mono-, di-, and tri
      N-methylated (phosphatidylcholine) derivatives. By correlating calorimetrically
      obtained phase diagrams with measurements of vesicle lipid intermixing, we
      conclude that dielaidoyl-N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine, like PE, can support
      direct interactions between the surfaces of PS/N-methyl-PE vesicles without
      lateral separation of a PS(Ca2+)-rich phase, while dielaidoyl-N,N-dimethyl-PE
      (and phosphatidylcholine) cannot.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052406
TI  - Regulation of rat hepatic cytochrome P-450: age-dependent expression, hormonal
      imprinting, and xenobiotic inducibility of sex-specific isoenzymes.
AB  - The influence of age, sex, and hormonal status on the expression of eight rat
      hepatic cytochrome P-450 (P-450) isoenzymes was evaluated by both catalytic and
      immunochemical methods. The male specificity of P-450 2c(male)/UT-A, the major
      microsomal steroid 16 alpha-hydroxylase of uninduced rat liver [Waxman, D.J.
      (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 15481-15490], was shown to reflect its greater than or
      equal to 30-fold induction at puberty in male but not in female rats. The female
      specificity of P-450 2d(female)/UT-I was shown to reflect its developmental
      induction in females. P-450 PB-2a/PCN-E was shown to mediate greater than or
      equal to 85% of microsomal steroid 6 beta-hydroxylase activity; the male
      specificity of this P-450 largely reflects its developmental suppression in
      female rats. Neonatal gonadectomy and hormonal replacement experiments
      established that neonatal androgen "imprints" or programs the male rat for
      developmental induction of P-450 2c(male)/UT-A, for maintenance of P-450 PB
      2a/PCN-E, and for suppression of P-450 2d(female)/UT-I, all of which occur in
      male rats at puberty. By contrast, the expressed levels of P-450 isoenzymes PB
      1/PB-C, 3/UT-F, PB-4/PB-B, ISF-G, and beta NF-B were mostly unaffected by the
      rats' age, sex, and hormonal status. Studies on the sex specificity of P-450
      induction established that the response of these latter five isoenzymes to the P
      450 inducers phenobarbital, beta-naphthoflavone, pregnenolone-16 alpha
      carbonitrile, and isosafrole is qualitatively and quantitatively equivalent in
      females as in males.

PMID- 4052407
TI  - Kinetics of Pi-Pi exchange in rat liver mitochondria. Rapid filtration
      experiments in the millisecond time range.
AB  - Phosphate-phosphate exchange through the inorganic phosphate (Pi) carrier of rat
      liver mitochondria was investigated by a new rapid filtration technique, which
      does not require the use of transport inhibitors to stop the reaction and offers
      high time resolution (starting from 10 ms), thus allowing kinetic measurements on
      a fine time scale even at room temperature. At approximately 22 degrees C,
      isotopic equilibrium of [32P]Pi is achieved within 0.8-2.5 s--depending on the Pi
      concentration--and an initial linear phase, lasting for 400-500 ms, is observed.
      Complete inhibition of Pi exchange by an excess (33 nmol/mg) of mersalyl, a well
      known organomercurial inhibitor, required 200 ms, pointing to the insufficiency
      of this reagent for effective inhibitor stop. On the other hand, investigation of
      the effect of mersalyl (allowed to react with mitochondria for at least 20 s) on
      the initial rate of Pi exchange supports earlier observations on the protective
      effect of this inhibitor; i.e., up to 3 nmol of mersalyl/mg of protein does not
      decrease the transport rate whereas these low concentrations protect
      approximately 50% of the transport capacity from irreversible inactivation by N
      ethylmaleimide. In nonrespiring mitochondria, at pH 7.3, Pi exchange exhibited a
      Km of 1.6 mM and a Vmax of 3.0 mumol min-1 (mg of mitochondrial protein)-1. The
      increase of the membrane potential without any concomitant change of delta pH had
      no significant influence on the kinetic parameters. The maximal velocity of Pi
      transport is significantly higher than the maximal velocity of all the other
      components of oxidative phosphorylation at comparable temperatures. The possible
      physiological significance of this excess capacity is discussed.

PMID- 4052408
TI  - Structure of subnucleosomal particles. Tetrameric (H3/H4)2 146 base pair DNA and
      hexameric (H3/H4)2(H2A/H2B)1 146 base pair DNA complexes.
AB  - The tetrameric (H3/H4)2 146 base pair (bp) DNA and hexameric (H3/H4)2(H2A/H2B)1
      146 bp DNA subnucleosomal particles have been prepared by depletion of chicken
      erythrocyte core particles using 3 or 4 M urea, 250 mM sodium chloride, and a
      cation-exchange resin. The particles have been characterized by cross-linking and
      sedimentation equilibrium. The structures of the particles, particularly the
      tetrameric, have been studied by sedimentation velocity, low-angle neutron
      scattering, circular dichroism, optical melting, and nuclease digestion with
      DNase I, micrococcal nuclease, and exonuclease III. It is concluded that since
      the radius of gyration of the DNA in the tetramer particle and its maximum
      dimension are very close to those of the core particle, no expansion occurs on
      removal of all the H2A and H2B. Nuclease digestion results indicate that histones
      H3/H4 in the tetramer particle protect a total of 70 bp of DNA that are centrally
      located within the 146 bp. Within the 70 bp DNA length, the two terminal regions
      of 10 bp are, however, not strongly protected from digestion. The optical melting
      profile of both particles can be resolved into three components and is consistent
      with the model of histone protection of DNA proposed from nuclease digestion. The
      structure proposed for the tetrameric histone complex bound to DNA is that of a
      compact particle containing 1.75 superhelical turns of DNA, in which the H3 and
      H4 histone location is the same as found for the core particle in chromatin by
      histone/DNA cross-linking [Shick, V. V., Belyavsky, A. V., Bavykin, S. G., &
      Mirzabekov, A. D. (1980) J. Mol. Biol. 139, 491-517]. Optical melting of the
      hexamer particle shows that each (H2A/H2B)1 dimer of the core particle protects
      about 22 base pairs of DNA.

PMID- 4052409
TI  - Mechanism of CaCl2-induced actin polymerization.
AB  - The CaCl2 concentration dependence of the rate of actin filament elongation and
      of the actin monomer concentration at steady state with actin polymer (the
      critical actin concentration) has been investigated. A relative rate of actin
      filament elongation from actin polymer intermolecularly cross-linked with N,N'-p
      phenylenebis(maleimide) showed a sigmoidal dependence on the concentration of
      CaCl2 used to induce actin polymerization. This result is shown to be consistent
      with a model in which only actin monomer containing five equivalently bound Ca2+
      ions (Ka = 2 mM-1) is capable of addition to actin polymer. A relative
      dissociation rate constant for actin monomer removal from polymer was calculated
      from the product of the critical actin concentration and the relative elongation
      rate constant and was found to be virtually independent of CaCl2 concentration.
      The relationship between Ca2+ binding sites on actin and the CaCl2 concentration
      dependence of the kinetics of actin filament elongation is discussed.

PMID- 4052410
TI  - Formation of an 8-hydroxyguanine moiety in deoxyribonucleic acid on gamma
      irradiation in aqueous solution.
AB  - Isolation and characterization of a novel radiation-induced product, i.e., the 8
      hydroxyguanine residue, produced in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), 2'
      deoxyguanosine, and 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate by gamma-irradiation in
      aqueous solution, are described. For this purpose, gamma-irradiated DNA was first
      hydrolyzed with a mixture of four enzymes, i.e., DNase I, spleen and snake venom
      exonucleases, and alkaline phosphatase. Analysis of the resulting mixture by
      capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after trimethylsilylation revealed
      the presence of a product, which was identified as 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine on
      the basis of the typical fragment ions of its trimethylsilyl (Me3Si) derivative.
      This product was then isolated by using reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography. The UV and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra taken from
      the isolated product confirmed the structure suggested by the mass spectrum of
      its Me3Si derivative. In addition, the accurate molecular mass of the Me3Si
      derivative of the isolated product was determined by MS. The obtained value
      agreed with the theoretical molecular mass within 1 millimass unit. The yield of
      8-hydroxyguanine was also measured. Its mechanism of formation is believed to
      involve OH radical addition to the C-8 position of guanine followed by oxidation
      of the radical adduct.

PMID- 4052411
TI  - Kinetics and mechanism of the refolding of denatured ribonuclease A.
AB  - On the basis of two experimental observations, it is established that the
      refolding mechanism of ribonuclease A (RNase A) is independent of the nature of
      the denaturant used [urea or guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn.HCl)]. First, by use of
      a double-jump technique, it is demonstrated that a similar nativelike
      intermediate exists on the major slow-folding pathway of both urea- and Gdn.HCl
      denatured RNase A. Second, from the temperature dependence of the slow-refolding
      kinetics, it is shown that the activation parameters (both enthalpy and entropy)
      of the rate-limiting steps, as monitored by tyrosine absorbance and fluorescence,
      are identical for the refolding of urea- and Gdn.HCl- denatured RNase A. A
      refolding scheme involving one intermediate on each of the two slow-folding
      pathways is proposed by adopting the notion that RNase A refolds through a
      sequential mechanism. However, these two intermediates are formed from their
      respective unfolded forms (USII and USI) through two different processes of
      distinct physical origin. The intermediate IN, which is formed from the major
      slow-folding species USII through a conformational folding step, already
      possesses many properties of the native protein. In contrast, the intermediate
      (designated as I') on the minor slow-folding pathway is formed from USI by the
      isomerization of a proline residue (possibly Pro93) and is still conformationally
      unfolded. It is shown that such a refolding scheme can account for the known
      kinetic features of both major and minor slow-refolding pathways of RNase
      A.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052412
TI  - Kinetics of phenylalanine absorption by the rat intestine in vivo after distal
      resection.
AB  - The kinetics of L-phenylalanine absorption across rat small intestine in sham and
      50% distal resected animals, in vivo, have been studied by perfusing jejunal
      loops and monitoring the disappearance of the substrate from the perfusate. After
      5 months postresection the total phenylalanine absorption was increased. The
      relationship between total absorption of substrate and its concentration in the
      bulk phase shows a non-saturable component and a saturable one that can be
      inhibited by methionine, both in control and remnant jejunum. The slope of the
      line that represents the non-saturable component is greater in remnant jejunum,
      indicating that the apparent mass-transfer coefficient, K'D, was increased by
      distal resection. The kinetic analysis of the saturable component shows that Jmax
      was unaltered and the apparent semisaturation constant, K'M, was slightly
      decreased by distal small intestine resection. Correction of the kinetic constant
      for the unstirred water layer effects shows that the differences between 'real'
      KD values of the two experimental groups increase whereas 'real' KM values do not
      change significantly. This indicates that the observed increase in total
      intestinal absorption in resected animals appears to result from an increase in
      the intestinal passive permeability.

PMID- 4052413
TI  - Effects of succinylacetone on methyl alpha-D-glucoside uptake by the rat renal
      tubule.
AB  - Succinylacetone, a catabolic end-product of tyrosine, is excreted in large
      quantities in urine from individuals with hereditary tyrosinemia and the Fanconi
      syndrome. Succinylacetone inhibits rat renal tubular concentrative uptake of the
      glucose transport analogue, methyl alpha-D-glucoside, in a noncompetitive and
      reversible fashion. This compound also depresses oxygen consumption by the rat
      renal tubule without fine structural damage to mitochondria. It is concluded that
      succinylacetone may be a useful probe in elucidation of the biochemical mechanism
      underlying the human Fanconi syndrome.

PMID- 4052414
TI  - Labelling of erythrocyte spectrin in situ with phenylisothiocyanate.
AB  - The labelling of erythrocyte spectrin in situ with the hydrophobic reagent
      phenylisothiocyanate (Sigrist, H. and Zahler, P. (1978) FEBS Lett. 95, 116-120)
      is studied. Spectrin isolated from erythrocytes which have been incubated with
      phenylisothiocyanate is covalently modified by the probe. The modification in the
      spectrin molecule is stable under an excess of nucleophile in alkaline
      conditions. The labelling is very little or not affected by preincubation of
      erythrocytes of membranes with the polar, structural analogue of
      phenylisothiocyanate, p-sulfophenylisothiocyanate. When erythrocyte ghosts are
      subjected to labelling, a substantial increase in the degree of spectrin
      modification is observed. Subunits of labelled spectrin separated
      electrophoretically show similar amounts of attached label.

PMID- 4052415
TI  - Plasma membrane associated actin in liver of normal and tumour-bearing rats.
AB  - A study was made of the association of actin with different plasma membrane
      fractions from liver of normal rats and from the enlarged liver of rats bearing a
      Walker 256 carcinoma where a decrease in the state of polymerisation of
      cytoplasmic actin has been previously observed. As estimated by the DNAase I
      inhibition assay, actin constituted approx. 7% and 3%, respectively, of the
      protein of membrane fractions enriched in lateral or bile-canalicular domains,
      but only trace amounts were found in the sinusoidal fraction. [3H]Cytochalasin B
      binding indicated the presence of 20 and 13 pmol of high-affinity binding sites
      per mg protein in lateral and bile-canalicular fractions, but none in the
      sinusoidal. Kd for cytochalasin B binding was of the order of 1 nM for lateral
      and bile-canalicular fractions. Polypeptide profiles obtained by
      SDS/urea/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of non-ionic detergent-insoluble
      residues differed for all three fractions although some proteins, including
      actin, occurred as major components of both bile-canalicular and lateral regions.
      Tumour growth had no effect on the actin content, high-affinity cytochalasin B
      binding or polypeptide profiles of the three membrane fractions.

PMID- 4052416
TI  - Oxygenated cholesterols synergistically immobilize acyl chains and enhance
      protein helical structure in human erythrocyte membranes.
AB  - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that insertion of 20 alpha
      hydroxycholesterol into human erythrocyte membranes (10% of total membrane
      sterol) immobilized the lipid acyl chains to a degree equivalent to enriching
      total membrane cholesterol by 50% (Rooney, M.W., Lange, Y. and Kauffman, J.W.
      (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 8281-8285). Raman spectroscopy showed that the amount
      of acyl chain rotamers was not significantly altered by the presence of 20 alpha
      hydroxycholesterol, indicating that acyl chain immobilization was limited to an
      inhibition of lateral motion. The presence of 20 alpha-hydroxycholesterol may
      synergistically enhance the acyl-chain-immobilizing behavior of membrane
      cholesterol. In addition, protein helical structure was not altered by 20 alpha
      hydroxycholesterol. The insertion of 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol into erythrocyte
      membranes resulted in an increase in protein helical structure which was
      comparable to that observed for erythrocyte membranes enriched with pure
      cholesterol by 50%. However, both acyl chain mobility and conformation were
      unchanged. These results suggest a synergistic behavior between oxysterols and
      cholesterol in modifying erythrocyte membrane packing.

PMID- 4052417
TI  - Electrofusion of Chinese hamster ovary cells after ethanol incubation.
AB  - Electrofusion of Chinese hamster ovary cells is obtained with cells growing in
      monolayers on a culture dish. The cells were incubated with increasing amounts of
      ethanol before the field pulsation. The electroperforation was apparently not
      affected by the incubation but the threshold field intensity required to induce
      the fusion was shifted to higher values. This effect is tentatively explained by
      a decrease in size of the field-induced pores as a consequence of an increase in
      the lipid matrix fluidity.

PMID- 4052419
TI  - Saponins can cause the agglutination of phospholipid vesicles.
AB  - The interaction of saponins with phospholipid vesicles was investigated by means
      of liposomal agglutination or a precipitation assay. Ginsenoside-Rc, which has an
      alpha-L-arabinofuranose residue at the non-reducing terminus, exhibited
      remarkable agglutinability toward egg yolk phosphatidylcholine vesicles, while
      other saponins lacking this characteristic sugar residue showed less or no
      agglutinability. The molar ratio of ginsenoside-Rc to egg phosphatidylcholine in
      the aggregates was estimated to be 0.4-0.5 by a precipitation assay using 14C
      labeled egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles. The agglutination was inhibited by p
      nitrophenyl alpha-L-arabinofuranoside but not by p-nitrophenyl beta-D
      glucopyranoside or arabinogalactan. The results indicated that the alpha-L
      arabinofuranose residue in ginsenoside-Rc should be important for the expression
      of the agglutinability. The agglutinability of ginsenoside-Rc toward lipid
      vesicles depended on both the polar head groups and fatty acyl chains of
      phospholipids. Egg yolk phosphatidylcholine vesicles were strongly agglutinated
      by ginsenoside-Rc, although sphingomyelin, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic
      acid and phosphatidylserine were less agglutinated. The agglutinability of
      ginsenoside-Rc was effective for phosphatidylcholines with short or unsaturated
      fatty acyl chains. The results suggested that the interaction of ginsenoside-Rc
      with phospholipid membranes should be affected not only by the chemical structure
      of the phospholipid but also by the membrane fluidity.

PMID- 4052418
TI  - Tryptophan transport through transport system T in the human erythrocyte, the
      Ehrlich cell and the rat intestine.
AB  - We studied the transport of tryptophan through transport system T in the human
      red cell, the Ehrlich ascites-tumour cell and in everted sacs of rat intestine.
      In red cells we confirmed earlier results on Na+-independence and aromatic amino
      acid specificity (Rosenberg, R., Young, J.D. and Ellory, J.C. (1980) Biochim.
      Biophys. Acta 598, 375-384). In addition we observed that N-methylation or N
      acetylation did not reduce the affinity of the substrates for system T,
      hydroxylation could increase or decrease substrate affinity, and system T was
      insensitive to pH changes in the medium. These results characterized reactive
      differences between system T and other known amino acid transport systems. We
      also found that D-isomers were about 1/3 as effective as L-isomers to inhibit L
      tryptophan uptake. D-Tryptophan competitively inhibited L-tryptophan uptake, but
      was not taken up by system T. L-Tryptophan produced trans-stimulation of the
      uptake (influx) and trans-inhibition of the release (efflux) of L-[3H]tryptophan;
      D-tryptophan produced trans-inhibition of the efflux but did not affect
      significantly the uptake. These results show that in red cells the transport
      properties of transport system T are asymmetric. Transport system T seems to be
      absent in the other two preparations studied, the Ehrlich ascites-tumour cell and
      the rat intestine.

PMID- 4052420
TI  - Evidence for non-uniform distribution of D-glucose within human red cells during
      net exit and counterflow.
AB  - The kinetic parameters of net exit of D-glucose from human red blood cells have
      been measured after the cells were loaded to 18 mM, 75 mM and 120 mM at 2 degrees
      C and 75 mM and 120 mM at 20 degrees C. Reducing the temperature, or raising the
      loading concentration raises the apparent Km for net exit. Deoxygenation also
      reduces the Km for D-glucose exit from red blood cells loaded initially to 120 mM
      at 20 degrees C from 32.9 +/- 2.3 mM (13) with oxygenated blood to 20.5 +/- 1.3
      mM (17) (P less than 0.01). Deoxygenation increases the ratio Vmax/Km from 5.29
      +/- 0.26 min-1 (13) for oxygenated blood to 7.13 +/- 0.29 min-1 (17) for
      deoxygenated blood (P less than 0.001). The counterflow of D-glucose from
      solutions containing 1 mM 14C-labelled D-glucose was measured at 2 degrees C and
      20 degrees C. Reduction in temperature, reduced the maximal level to which
      labelled D-glucose was accumulated and altered the course of equilibration of the
      specific activity of intracellular D-glucose from a single exponential to a more
      complex form. Raising the internal concentration from 18 mM to 90 mM at 2 degrees
      C also alters the course of equilibration of labelled D-glucose within the cell
      to a complex form. The apparent asymmetry of the transport system may be
      estimated from the intracellular concentrations of labelled and unlabelled sugar
      at the turning point of the counterflow transient. The estimates of asymmetry
      obtained from this approach indicate that there is no significant asymmetry at 20
      degrees C and at 2 degrees C asymmetry is between 3 and 6. This is at least 20
      fold less than predicted from the kinetic parameter asymmetries for net exit and
      entry. None of the above results fit a kinetic scheme in which the asymmetry of
      the transport system is controlled by intrinsic differences in the kinetic
      parameters at the inner and outer membrane surface. These results are consistent
      with a model for sugar transport in which movement between sugar within bound and
      free intracellular compartments can become the rate-limiting step in controlling
      net movement into, or out of the cell.

PMID- 4052421
TI  - Preparation and characterization of monodisperse unilamellar phospholipid
      vesicles with selected diameters of from 300 to 600 nm.
AB  - A method has been developed for making large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) with low
      polydispersity. The LUV, constituted of dioleoylphosphatidic acid (DOPA), 300 nm
      in diameter are made by a modification of the pH adjustment technique (Hauser, H.
      and Gains, N. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 1683-1687). This size is 10
      times that (30 nm) of vesicles prepared by prolonged sonication. Vesicle size is
      increased stepwise by adding cholesterol (to a maximum of 40 mol% cholesterol) to
      form vesicles in 0.15 M KCl with up to 600 nm diameter. The vesicle size is
      measured by photon correlation spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and by
      measurement of the internal volume with cyanocobalamin while calculating the
      number of DOPA molecules per vesicle. Vesicles are stable for at least three
      weeks. Sepharose 4B column chromatography of the preparation yields a peak of
      fractions with the same polydispersity as the original sample and shows that 30
      to 40% of the original lipid in a sample is recovered as LUV. Less than 2% of the
      sample forms small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) (diameter = 30 nm), which emerge
      from the column in a separate peak. Since the remaining lipid is not suspended in
      the buffer during vesicle formation, for most purposes the vesicles may be used
      immediately after titration so that they can be prepared in less than 40 min.

PMID- 4052422
TI  - Electro-acoustic fusion of erythrocytes and of myeloma cells.
AB  - Mammalian cells can be concentrated in a sound field. A method is introduced,
      which combines the reversible aggregation of cells in a sound field with the
      electrical breakdown of cell membranes to fuse cells, which are in contact. Human
      red blood cells and mouse myeloma cells are fused by means of that procedure.

PMID- 4052423
TI  - Transport of L-ascorbic acid and dehydro-L-ascorbic acid across renal cortical
      basolateral membrane vesicles.
AB  - The uptake of L-ascorbic acid and dehydro-L-ascorbic acid into renal cortical
      basolateral membrane vesicles has been characterized. The uptake systems for both
      solutes demonstrate saturation kinetics. The presence of structural analogs of L
      ascorbic acid and dehydro-L-ascorbic acid results in cis-inhibition and trans
      stimulation. Uptake of each substrate is Na+-independent, proceeding to an
      endpoint of substrate equilibrium across the vesicular membrane. The transport
      mechanism(s) for L-ascorbic acid and dehydro-L-ascorbic acid appears to be
      facilitated diffusion.

PMID- 4052424
TI  - Influence of glycolipids on immune reactions of phospholipid antigens in
      liposomes.
AB  - Complement-dependent immune damage to liposomes mediated by a murine monoclonal
      antibody to the liposomal bilayer was completely inhibited by ceramide
      tetrasaccharide (globoside) at an 8% concentration in the liposomes. Lower
      concentrations of globoside, or higher concentrations of ceramide tri-, di-, or
      monohexoside, were not inhibitory. At a globoside concentration of 5.8%,
      inhibition of the monoclonal antibody activity was reduced and inhibition was
      related to antibody concentration; but at 2% globoside, suppression of antibody
      activity was not observed at all. Analysis of space-filling models revealed that
      at 8% globoside the distance between adjacent tetrasaccharides of globoside
      approached the dimensions of the antigen-binding end of a 7S immunoglobulin
      molecule. We therefore propose that globoside, and perhaps other glycolipids, can
      exert steric hindrance to the binding of extracellular proteins to nonglycolipid
      constituents of the lipid bilayer. We conclude that microheterogeneity among
      polar groups of glycolipids may be a novel mechanism for allowing selective
      access of proteins to phospholipids on the lipid bilayer.

PMID- 4052425
TI  - Molecular aspects of the bilayer stabilization induced by poly(L-lysines) of
      varying size in cardiolipin liposomes.
AB  - The interaction between poly(L-lysines) of varying size with cardiolipin was
      investigated via binding assays, X-ray diffraction, freeze-fracture electron
      microscopy, and 31P- and 13C-NMR. Binding of polylysines to the lipid only
      occurred when three or more lysine residues were present per molecule. The
      strength of the binding was highly dependent on the polymerization degree,
      suggesting a cooperative interaction of the lysines within the polymer. Upon
      binding, a structural reorganization of the lipids takes place, resulting in a
      closely packed multilamellar system in which the polylysines are sandwiched in
      between subsequent bilayers. Acyl chain motion is reduced in these liquid
      crystalline peptide-lipid complexes. From competition experiments with Ca2+ it
      could be concluded that when the affinity of the polylysine for cardiolipin was
      much larger than that of Ca2+, a lamellar polylysine-lipid complex was formed,
      irrespective of whether an excess of Ca2+ was added prior to or after the
      polypeptide. When the affinity of the polylysine for cardiolipin was less or of
      the same order as that of Ca2+, the lipid was organized in the hexagonal HII
      phase in the presence of Ca2+. These results are discussed in the light of the
      peptide specificity of bilayer (de)stabilization in cardiolipin model membranes.

PMID- 4052426
TI  - Determination of intracellular conductivity from electrical breakdown
      measurements.
AB  - The intracellular resistivity (conductivity) of cells can be easily calculated
      with high accuracy from electrical membrane breakdown measurements. The method is
      based on the determination of the size distribution of a cell suspension as a
      function of the electrical field strength in the orifice of a particle volume
      analyser (Coulter counter). The underestimation of the size distribution observed
      beyond the critical external field strength leading to membrane breakdown
      represents a direct access to the intracellular resistivity as shown by the
      theoretical analysis of the data. The potential and the accuracy of the method is
      demonstrated for red blood cells and for ghost cells prepared by electrical
      haemolysis. The average value of 180 omega X cm for the intracellular resistivity
      of intact red blood cells is consistent with the literature.

PMID- 4052427
TI  - Generalized inhibition of cell-free translation by the amino-terminal propeptide
      of chick type I procollagen.
AB  - Fragments of the amino-terminal propeptide of procollagen have been shown to
      inhibit the synthesis of procollagen in cultured cells and in a reticulocyte
      lysate cell-free system (for review see Timpl, R. and Glanville, R.W. (1981)
      Clin. Orth. Rel. Res. 158, 224-242). In this report, we show that the full-length
      amino-terminal propeptide of chick pro alpha1(I) chains inhibits the translation
      of chick tendon mRNA and rat brain mRNA in a reticulocyte lysate cell-free
      system. The synthesis of procollagen and non-collagenous proteins was equally
      affected. Inhibition was dose-dependent up to 10 microM. A similar pattern of
      inhibition was observed for the collagenase-resistant fragment, col 1(I).

PMID- 4052428
TI  - Polyamines stimulate DNA-dependent RNA synthesis catalyzed by vaccinia virus.
AB  - The RNA synthesis in purified vaccinia virus can occur in the presence of either
      Mg2+ or Mn2+ if polyamine (spermidine or spermine) is present in the assay
      system. Under our assay conditions transcription was linear up to 30 min and the
      RNAs synthesized had a sedimentation coefficient of about 8 to 12 S. We also
      prepared a virus extract from purified vaccinia virus and tested for in vitro
      transcription. The soluble transcription system was dependent on the addition of
      exogenous DNA and single-stranded DNA was a more effective template than double
      stranded. In the presence of polyamine and Mg2+ or Mn2+ the viral RNA polymerase
      was active in the transcription of total native vaccinia DNA and a small fragment
      cloned in pBR322.

PMID- 4052429
TI  - Effect of ultraviolet light on thymidine incorporation, DNA chain elongation and
      replicon initiation in wild-type and excision-deficient Chinese hamster ovary
      cells.
AB  - Wild-type Chinese hamster ovary cells (AA8) and five excision-deficient clones
      derived from the AA8 line (UV-4, UV-5, UV-20, UV-24 and UV-41) were exposed to
      ultraviolet light and then analyzed for their ability to incorporate
      [3H]thymidine and to initiate as well as elongate replicon-sized DNA fragments.
      After exposure to ultraviolet light, all cell lines exhibited a depression in the
      rate of thymidine incorporation. For exposures of 4.0 J/m2 or higher the wild
      type cells recovered normal rates of thymidine incorporation within a few hours,
      while none of the excision-deficient lines exhibited complete recovery. For
      fluences below 4.0 J/m2 all but the UV-5 line exhibited at least some recovery.
      The ability to elongate DNA chains appeared to correlate with the thymidine
      incorporation data, with the UV-5 line exhibiting the strongest blockage of DNA
      chain elongation, the AA8 line exhibiting the least blockage, and the UV-20 line
      exhibiting an intermediate response. All cell lines exhibited a decrease in the
      distance between replication origins, thus supporting models which propose that
      exposure to ultraviolet light results in the use of alternative sites for the
      initiation of replication.

PMID- 4052430
TI  - Acid DNAase activity from Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - We have isolated and partially characterized an acid endonuclease activity from
      the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum. This activity comprises more
      than 90% of the nonspecific DNA-endonuclease activity of the vegetative cells.
      Its molecular weight is about 44 000, and its activity is enhanced 7-fold by
      Mg2+. The pH optimum for the nicking activity depends upon NaCl concentrations,
      being at pH 5.0 in 207 mM NaCl, and at pH 5.8 in 7 mM NaCl. Large quantities of
      this enzyme activity are released into the growth medium or buffer, with
      detectable amounts appearing within 15 min of incubation.

PMID- 4052431
TI  - Phosphoproteins crosslinked to poly(A) + heterogeneous nuclear RNA after
      irradiation with ultraviolet light.
AB  - Isolated liver nuclei or whole lymph node lymphocytes stimulated with
      concanavalin A in culture were irradiated with ultraviolet light. The crosslinked
      structures of poly(A)+ heterogeneous nuclear RNA and protein were purified on
      oligo(dT)-cellulose after labelling irradiated nuclei in the presence of
      adenosine 5'-[gamma-32P]triphosphate and analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. The liver and lymphocyte nuclear proteins included about 17-19
      species of 35-150 kDa and were shown to produce quite similar electrophoretic
      band patterns. Two proteins of 110-120 and 40-42 kDa were phosphorylated. Using
      partial proteolytic digestion the large-size crosslinked phosphoprotein has been
      identified as the 110 kDa component described previously (Schweiger, A. and
      Kostka, G. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 782, 262-268). The 40-42 kDa band was
      presumably related to the group C species of main proteins associated with
      heterogeneous nuclear RNA. In crosslinked nuclear structures from rats treated
      with low doses of alpha-amanitin for 1 h the relative amount of the 110-120 kDa
      phosphoprotein was reduced while the labelling with [32P]ATP was almost
      abolished.

PMID- 4052432
TI  - Purification of human galactokinase and evidence for its existence as a monomer
      form.
AB  - A procedure for preparing a highly purified galactokinase (ATP:D-galactose 1
      phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.6) from human erythrocytes and placenta is
      described, involving DEAE-Sephacel, ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel
      filtration and a subsequent chromatography step on Blue Sepharose CL-6B. The
      final chromatography step yields a homogeneous preparation of high specific
      activity. The subunit molecular weight was determined to be 38 000 for both
      placental and erythrocyte galactokinases. Both active preparations of the native
      enzyme eluted from a gel filtration column gave a molecular weight of 37 000-38
      000, thus suggesting the enzyme to be present in monomeric form. The isoelectric
      points for both crude and their respective purified enzymes was determined to be
      at pH 5.7. This method for purifying human galactokinase from placenta and
      erythrocytes represents a significant improvement over that previously reported
      and contradicts past evidence for the enzyme existing as a dimer.

PMID- 4052433
TI  - Kinetic study of the transient phase of a second-order chemical reaction coupled
      to an enzymic step: application to the oxidation of chlorpromazine by peroxidase
      hydrogen peroxide.
AB  - Peroxidase-hydrogen peroxide assay with chlorpromazine as substrate was
      kinetically analysed as a system of a chemical reaction of second-order coupled
      to an enzymic step. This system follows a mechanism defined as enzymic-chemical
      second-order with substrate regeneration (EzC2-S.R.). The rate constant of the
      chemical step and the enzymic reaction rate have been evaluated from the progress
      curves of the accumulation of the cation radical intermediate (CPZ+.) and the non
      linear regression analysis of these curves. The presteady-state rate of the
      accumulation of the cation radical intermediate (CPZ+.) and the level of the
      steady-state plateau were dependent on the rate constant of the chemical step and
      the enzyme concentration. The rate constant of the chemical reaction was
      dependent on the proton, buffer and chlorpromazine concentrations.

PMID- 4052434
TI  - Activating effect of the Ile-Val dipeptide on the catalytic properties of bovine
      trypsinogen.
AB  - The dependence of pre-steady-state and steady-state kinetics for the trypsinogen
      catalyzed hydrolysis of ZArgONp on the concentration (up to 2.0 M) of the Ile-Val
      effector dipeptide has been investigated at pH 8.0 and 21 +/- 0.5 degrees C.
      Kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of ZArgONp catalyzed by the Ile-Val:zymogen
      adduct are more favorable than those observed for the free proenzyme but lower
      than those reported for beta-trypsin; these data indicate that the effector
      dipeptide induces only a partial activation of the zymogen even under saturating
      Ile-Val concentrations. From the dependence of kinetic parameters of proenzyme
      catalysis on the effector dipeptide concentration, values of the equilibrium
      constants for binding of Ile-Val to the free trypsinogen, to the reversible
      zymogen-ZArgONp complex and to the proenzyme-ZArg acyl intermediate have been
      obtained. Thermodynamics of binding of Ile-Val to trypsinogen, in the presence
      and absence of substrates and inhibitors, are indicative of the presence of
      different activation levels of the proenzyme, none of which is superimposable on
      that of beta-trypsin. On this basis, it is suggested that some of these different
      states could correspond to those involved in the zymogen-to-active-enzyme
      transition, which should be considered as a multistep process, rather than an all
      or-nothing event.

PMID- 4052435
TI  - The primary structure of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase from human
      heart.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of the mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase
      (L-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1) from human heart has
      been determined based mainly on analysis of peptides obtained by digestion with
      trypsin and by chemical cleavage with cyanogen bromide. Comparison of the
      sequence with those of the isotopic isoenzymes from pig, rat and chicken showed
      27, 29 and 55 differences, respectively, out of a total of 401 amino acid
      residues. Evidence for structural microheterogeneity at position 317 has also
      been obtained.

PMID- 4052436
TI  - Metabolism of platelet-activating factor by rat alveolar macrophages: lyso-PAF as
      an obligatory intermediate in the formation of alkylarachidonoyl
      glycerophosphocholine species.
AB  - 1-Alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (alkylacetyl-GPC; platelet
      activating factor; PAF) is actively taken up and metabolized by rat alveolar
      macrophages maintained in culture. The major metabolic products are lyso-PAF
      (alkyllyso-GPC) and alkylacyl-GPC. Lyso-PAF accumulates primarily in the media,
      whereas alkylacyl-GPC is predominantly associated with cellular lipids. The
      addition of unlabeled lyso-PAF to incubations initiated with [3H]PAF results in
      an increase in the amount of lyso-[3H]PAF product formed and a decrease in the
      final product, [3H]alkylacyl-GPC; however, the total amount of [3H]PAF
      metabolized remains unchanged. Unlabeled lyso-PAF thus enters the metabolic pool
      of the cell and competes with the deacetylated product of [3H]PAF, i.e., lyso
      PAF, for acylation. High-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated that the
      reacylated product derived from lyso-PAF consisted primarily of the arachidonoyl
      containing species that exists as the 16:0-20:4 molecular species. These results
      document that PAF is inactivated in rat alveolar macrophages via a deacetylation
      reacylation reaction with lyso-PAF as an obligatory intermediate. The
      sequestering of arachidonic acid into the PAF precursor pool and the substantial
      amount of lyso-PAF secreted by macrophages into the extracellular fluid appear to
      be significant events in the inactivation process.

PMID- 4052437
TI  - Purification and characterization of fatty-acid-binding proteins from rat heart
      and liver.
AB  - Fatty-acid-binding proteins were purified from delipidated cytosols of rat heart
      and liver by gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography at pH 8.0 and by
      repeated gel filtration, respectively. Homogeneity of both proteins was
      demonstrated by a single band on polyacrylamide gels; each had a molecular weight
      of about 14 000. Liver fatty-acid-binding protein is more basic (pI, 8.1) than
      that of heart (pI, 7.0) and contains more basic amino acids. Examination of fatty
      acid binding by the binding proteins from heart and liver revealed the presence
      of a single class of fatty-acid-binding sites in both cases with an apparent
      dissociation constant for palmitate of about 1 microM. Liver fatty- acid-binding
      protein shows similar binding characteristics for palmitate, oleate and
      arachidonate. Palmitate bound to heart fatty- acid-binding protein was a good
      substrate for oxidation by rat heart mitochondria. The results show that the
      fatty-acid-binding proteins from rat heart and liver are closely related, but
      that they are distinct proteins.

PMID- 4052438
TI  - Acylenzyme mechanism and solvent isotope effects for cholesterol esterase
      catalyzed hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl butyrate.
AB  - The mechanism of cholesterol esterase- (carboxylic ester hydrolase, EC 8.1.1.1)
      catalyzed hydrolysis of the water-soluble ester p-nitrophenyl butyrate has been
      characterized for commercially available preparations from bovine and porcine
      pancreas and for a purified preparation from porcine pancreas. Kinetic evidence
      for an acylenzyme mechanism is provided by experiments wherein the butyryl enzyme
      is trapped by MeOH, EtOH or n-BuOH. For the last alcohol the transacylation
      product n-butyl n-butyrate was characterized by GC-mass spectrometry. Solvent
      isotope effects have been measured for Vmax/Km, which is the rate constant for
      acylation, and for Vmax, which monitors rate-determining deacylation. Isotope
      effects of 1.5-3 on these rate constants indicate that both steps of the
      acylenzyme mechanism for cholesterol esterase catalysis involve transition states
      that are stabilized by general acid-base proton bridges.

PMID- 4052439
TI  - Purification and properties of 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone dehydroxylase from
      Eubacterium sp. strain 144.
AB  - Eubacterium sp. strain 144 converts 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to 17
      isoprogesterone. The first step of this reaction is catalyzed by 16 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone dehydroxylase (16 alpha-dehydroxylase). This enzyme was
      purified 40-70-fold and characterized. 16 alpha-Dehydroxylase was found to be
      active in two molecular weight forms of Mr 181 000 and 326 000. A subunit
      relative molecular weight of 42 400 was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel
      electrophoresis of the purified enzyme. Although active with both 16 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone and 16 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, the affinity of 16 alpha
      dehydroxylase for the latter steroid was twice that of the former based on the
      apparent Km values. Evidence of possible substrate inhibition at high
      concentrations was seen with 16 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone. 16-Ketoprogesterone
      was found to be a competitive inhibitor of 16 alpha-dehydroxylase with respect to
      both steroid substrates. Although generally unaffected by low concentrations of
      non-ionic detergents, 16 alpha-dehydroxylase activity was stimulated 3-7-fold by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate and inhibited strongly by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.

PMID- 4052440
TI  - Kinetics of acylglycerol hydrolysis by human milk lipoprotein lipase.
AB  - The incubation of human plasma very-low-density lipoprotein with human milk
      lipoprotein lipase results in an almost complete hydrolysis of triacylglycerols.
      The degradation of these substrates can be described by a consecutive reaction as
      follows: (Formula: see text), where k1, k2 and k3 are the apparent first-order
      rate constants of degradation. Using least-squares non-linear curve fitting, k1
      and k2 are determined to be directly proportional to enzyme concentration. k1/k2
      ratio of 1:12 is similar for both VLDL and trioleoylglycerol substrates of
      lipoprotein lipase. However, when trioleoylglycerol and rac-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
      are used as substrates, a direct measurement indicates a k1/k2 ratio of 1:1.5.
      This result suggests that the intermediary diacylglycerol produced by the
      lipoprotein reaction is incompletely re-equilibrated with the bulk of the
      substrate in the assay mixture. The k3 value is not proportional to lipoprotein
      lipase concentration, and in the enzyme concentration range studied, the value
      decreases when the enzyme concentration increases.

PMID- 4052441
TI  - Importance of the different steps of glycosylation for the activity and secretion
      of lipoprotein lipase in rat preadipocytes studied with monensin and tunicamycin.
AB  - Lipoprotein lipase synthesized by cultured rat preadipocytes is present in three
      compartments: an intracellular, a surface-related 3-min heparin-releasable, and
      that secreted into the culture medium. 30 min after addition of 6 microM
      monensin, the lipoprotein lipase activity in the heparin-releasable compartment
      starts to decrease; by 4 h of monensin treatment the lipoprotein lipase activity
      in the heparin-releasable pool and in the culture medium is about 10% of that
      found in control dishes. The intracellular activity, which had been identified as
      lipoprotein lipase by an antiserum to lipoprotein lipase, increases slowly and
      doubles by 24 h. However, since the cellular compartment accounts for 10-25% of
      total activity, this increase does not account for the missing enzyme activity.
      To determine whether this enzyme molecule is synthesized but is not active,
      incorporation of labeled leucine, mannose and galactose into immunoadsorbable
      lipoprotein lipase was studied in control, monensin- or tunicamycin-treated
      cells. Addition of tunicamycin (5 micrograms/ml) for 24 h caused a 30-50%
      reduction in immunoadsorbable lipoprotein lipase, but the enzyme activity was
      reduced by 90%. On the other hand, 4 h monensin treatment reduced both
      incorporation of [3H]leucine into immunoadsorbable lipoprotein lipase and heparin
      releasable and medium lipoprotein lipase activity by 57 to 77%. The
      immunoadsorbable lipoprotein lipase in the intracellular compartment has a
      [14C]mannose to [3H]galactose ratio of 0.15 and this ratio increased 6-fold in
      monensin-treated cells. The intracellular lipoprotein lipase in monensin-treated
      cells had the same affinity for both the native and synthetic substrate as the
      lipoprotein lipase in control cells, yet its spontaneous secretion into the
      culture medium and its release by 3 min heparin treatment was markedly decreased.
      The present results indicate that: the presence of asparagine-linked
      oligosaccharide (formation of which is inhibited by tunicamycin) is mandatory for
      the expression of lipoprotein lipase activity; lipoprotein lipase is active also
      in a high mannose form; and terminal glycosylation and oligosaccharide
      processing, which is inhibited by monensin, may be important for the appearance
      of heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase and secretion of lipoprotein lipase into
      the medium.

PMID- 4052442
TI  - Substrate inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase by palmitoyl-CoA and
      activation by phospholipids and proteins.
AB  - When carnitine palmitoyltransferase is purified it shows increasing substrate
      inhibition by palmitoyl-CoA as the protein content of the assay mixture is
      decreased. The purified enzyme is stimulated by addition of phospholipids
      (phosphatidylcholine, cardiolipin) and proteins (albumin, fatty acid-binding
      protein, lambda-globulin) to the reaction mixture. The effects of phospholipid
      and protein are more than additive, particularly with relatively high
      concentrations of palmitoyl-CoA. It is suggested that the enzyme contains
      hydrophobic sites which require phospholipid to prevent spurious binding of
      palmitoyl-CoA and which normally anchor the enzyme to the mitochondrial membrane.

PMID- 4052443
TI  - Inhibition, post-hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA regulation and relation to cell growth
      of cholesterol biosynthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts.
AB  - Cholesterol biosynthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts was studied by
      [14C]acetic acid incorporation into non-saponifiable lipids and quantification of
      labeled cholesterol among its precursors. Synthesis was slow, in spite of a high
      3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA) activity and led to an
      accumulation of unexpected non-polar metabolites identified as C-30 sterones, but
      not C-27 sterol precursors. This supports a post-HMG-CoA regulation at the
      lanosterol demethylation step. Cholesterol biosynthesis was stimulated by cell
      culture in lipid depleted medium and was inhibited by pentadecane-2-one which
      acts mainly at two post-HMG-CoA steps: lanosterol demethylation and lathosterol
      isomerisation to cholesterol. A parallel pentadecane-2-one inhibition of cell
      growth was also observed, even when cells were cultured in the presence of whole
      serum. This indicates the existence of a relationship between endogenous
      cholesterol synthesis and cell growth and sheds additional light on the role of
      post-HMG-CoA regulation in this phenomenon.

PMID- 4052444
TI  - Regulation of rat liver cell 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase by
      methoxypolyoxyethylated cholesterol.
AB  - A water-soluble derivative of cholesterol, methoxypolyoxyethylated (MPOE)
      cholesterol, has been synthesized and used to study the regulation of 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the key regulatory enzyme in
      cholesterol biosynthesis. MPOE cholesterol causes a specific, rapid and linear
      decline in HMG-CoA reductase in cultured rat liver cells. MPOE cholesterol is not
      a direct allosteric inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, does not appear to regulate
      HMG-CoA reductase through changes in membrane environment, and does not change
      the phosphorylation state and level of activation of rat liver cell HMG-CoA
      reductase. In order to confirm our data, which were consistent with a model in
      which MPOE cholesterol regulates the amount of HMG-CoA reductase and not its
      activity, we made direct measurements of reductase mRNA levels. The decline in
      HMG-CoA reductase in MPOE cholesterol-treated rat liver cells is preceded by the
      rapid disappearance of HMG-CoA reductase mRNA. As a water-soluble cholesterol
      derivative, MPOE cholesterol represents a useful model compound for studies on
      the regulation of the level of HMG-CoA reductase and its cognate mRNA.

PMID- 4052445
TI  - Effect of a high cholesterol diet on lipid metabolizing enzymes in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - A high cholesterol diet induced a fatty liver and an increase in cholesterol
      oleate in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The activity of microsomal
      glycerophosphate acyltransferase in liver increased 2-3-fold to meet the
      increased supply of oleate, the synthesis of which was stimulated by a 10-fold
      increase in microsomal delta 9-desaturase activity. Hepatic fatty acid synthetase
      and diacylglycerol acyltransferase activities were decreased somewhat. These
      results, together with the fact that the large increases in hepatic cholesterol
      ester and triacylglycerol were not correspondingly reflected in plasma, indicated
      that the fatty liver resulted from decreased secretion of lipoprotein rather than
      increased lipogenesis. Endogenous cholesterol in liver microsomes increased 2
      fold and hepatic acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase activity increased 3-fold,
      whereas plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity was unchanged. Thus,
      the increase in cholesterol oleate seen in spontaneously hypertensive rats fed a
      high cholesterol diet is due mainly to increases in acyl-CoA:cholesterol
      acyltransferase and delta 9-desaturase activities.

PMID- 4052446
TI  - Mechanism and kinetic characteristics of the uncoupling by plant steroids of
      biliary cholesterol from bile salt output.
AB  - In male Wistar rats fed diets containing different plant steroids, including
      sitosterols, diosgenin, digitonin and saponin from gypsophila, biliary
      cholesterol secretion significantly increased 50% to 300%, whereas biliary bile
      salt and phospholipid showed minor changes. Both cholesterol and phospholipid
      outputs were coupled to biliary bile salt output in a curvi-linear relationship
      which could be fitted by rectangular hyperbolae, in the animals fed with
      different plant steroids. The theoretical maximal biliary cholesterol output
      significantly increased by 200% in sitosterol-fed rats and 500% in diosgenin-fed
      animals. No changes were found in the kinetic characteristics of biliary
      phospholipid outputs. Adding 2% cholesterol to the diosgenin diet abolished the
      increment of biliary cholesterol output induced by the plant steroid. The
      intraperitoneal injection of 45 mumol/kg body wt per day (3 days) diosgenin, a
      C27-sapogenin, and 65 mumol/kg body wt. per day (3 days) tomatidin, a C27
      alkaloid, incorporated in phosphatidylcholine-taurocholate liposomes
      significantly increased biliary cholesterol output by 70%. These experiments
      indicated that the plant steroid-induced biliary cholesterol output was
      independent of the inputs of cholesterol from the diet and from hepatic
      cholesterogenesis modified by the plant steroid. It was apparent that the
      profound changes of biliary cholesterol secretion were the consequence of direct
      effects of the steroids on the intrahepatocytic regulatory mechanisms of biliary
      cholesterol secretion. This novel effect appears to be a universal characteristic
      of plant steroids, since it can be elicited by sitosterols, C27-sapogenins, C27
      alkaloids, and saponins of the cholanic and beta-amirinic group.

PMID- 4052447
TI  - Comparison of acetate and glucose incorporation into rat and horse skin lipids.
AB  - The relative efficiency of acetate and glucose as substrates for the biosynthesis
      of lipids in the skin of the rat and horse was examined using in vivo pulse
      labelling of skin with [1-14C]acetate and [U-14C]glucose by intradermal
      injections. The resulting radiolabelled lipids were recovered in the rat by punch
      biopsy as well as by daily, long-term skin surface lipid collections and in the
      horse by punch biopsy of the injection sites. The lipids were examined by liquid
      scintillation and by a combination of thin-layer chromatography and
      autoradiography. In both species the recovery of radiolabel in the non-polar
      lipids was much higher after a pulse of [1-14C]acetate than after a pulse of [U
      14C]glucose. In the rat, the skin surface lipids labelled through acetate
      contained sufficient radiolabel to allow observation of the time course of
      excretion of 14C in the major non-polar lipid classes. The results suggest that
      the biosynthesis of these lipid classes in the sebaceous glands of the rat are
      not entirely synchronous. In the skin lipid extracts of the horse, all of the
      major lipid classes, including phospholipids and glycolipids, were labelled
      through acetate. In contrast, none of the non-polar lipids and very little of the
      polar lipids were labelled through glucose.

PMID- 4052448
TI  - Identification of prostaglandin E metabolites from primary cultures of rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - Primary cultured rat hepatocytes were shown to bind to prostaglandins E1, E2, D2
      and F2 alpha and then rapidly degrade at 37 degrees C. 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1
      alpha and thromboxane B2, which are inactive metabolites of prostaglandin I2 and
      thromboxane A2, respectively, bound less effectively to the cells and were not
      degraded. Incubation of hepatocytes with 3H-labeled prostaglandins, treatment of
      the cells at an acidic pH, and analysis of the acid solution by thin-layer
      chromatography, showed that the radioactive material was bound to the cell
      surface and consisted of intact prostaglandin and its metabolites. The
      metabolites of prostaglandin E that accumulated in the culture medium were
      purified by silicic acid column and silica gel thin-layer chromatographies, and
      analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Prostaglandins E1 and E2 gave
      exactly the same metabolites, which were identified as dinorprostaglandin E1 and
      tetranorprostaglandin E1, representing products of beta-oxidation. These data
      suggest that part of the carboxyl side chain of prostaglandins, but not of
      inactive metabolites, was eliminated by a beta-oxidation system in the
      hepatocytes, while the rest of the molecule was not degraded appreciably and was
      rapidly transferred to the outside of the cells.

PMID- 4052449
TI  - Induction of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase by methylglyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone).
AB  - The anti-tumor agent methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) was found to be a
      competitive inhibitor of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase with a Ki of
      about 8 microM. Treatment of rats with this drug lead to a very large increase in
      the total amount of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase in liver, kidney and
      spleen. The total increase as measured using a specific antiserum amounted to 700
      fold in liver and 100-fold in kidney within 18 h of treatment with 80 mg/kg
      doses. At least part of this induction was due to a pronounced increase in the
      half-life of the acetyltransferase which increased from 15 min to more than 12 h.
      The very large increase in the amount of the enzyme is likely to overwhelm the
      direct inhibition, and a net increase in the acetylation of polyamines by this
      enzyme would be expected to occur after treatment with methylglyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone). The acetylated polyamines are known to be rapidly degraded
      by polyamine oxidase producing putrescine. Direct evidence that a substantial
      part of the increase in the content of putrescine in the liver of rats treated
      with methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) occurs via the induction of this
      acetylase/oxidase pathway was obtained. These results indicate that methylglyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone) affects cellular polyamine levels not only by means of its
      inhibitory effect on S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and diamine oxidase but
      also by the induction of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase. They also
      raise the possibility that the enormous increase in this enzyme which occurs with
      higher doses may contribute to the very severe toxicity of methylglyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone).

PMID- 4052450
TI  - Stability of ascorbic acid and uptake of the vitamin by embryonic chick femurs
      during long-term culture.
AB  - Ascorbic acid was added to organ cultures of 15-day-old embryonic chick femurs.
      The ascorbate that was taken up into the cultured tissue reached maximal
      concentrations after 1.5 h. The half-life of tissue ascorbate was 12-24 h,
      whereas the half-life of medium ascorbate was 1-2 h. 24 h after supplementing
      with ascorbate, the tissue concentrations were still 30-60-fold higher than the
      medium concentrations at that time. If no ascorbate was added to the culture
      medium, the tissue concentration declined over a period of days: after 6 days 2
      7% of the pre-culture tissue concentrations were still present. Embryonic chick
      femurs in vitro are therefore shielded from massive fluctuations in the
      concentration of ascorbic acid in the medium, resulting from intermittent
      supplementation. Hence, feeding a culture with the vitamin once every 24 h is
      sufficient to ensure adequate levels in the tissue.

PMID- 4052451
TI  - Ascorbic acid requirements for collagen synthesis (proline hydroxylation) during
      long-term culture of embryonic chick femurs.
AB  - Although ascorbate is essential for collagen synthesis, especially the
      hydroxylation of prolyl residues, femurs from 15-day-old chick embryos could be
      cultured for at least 5 days without ascorbate additions to the medium before the
      hydroxylation of proline was significantly impaired. Only when the ascorbate
      concentration in the tissue was less than 6 micrograms/g wet weight (compared
      with 50-70 micrograms/g wet weight in fresh tissue), was hydroxyproline formation
      reduced by 75-85%. When sufficient ascorbate was present in the culture medium,
      the femurs accumulated and stored the vitamin at concentrations which were 5-10
      fold above the threshold required for collagen synthesis. This may represent an
      adaptive mechanism to the instability of the vitamin. Above the minimum required
      level, synthesis of collagen was not quantitatively related to ascorbate
      concentration. To obtain comprehensive data on changes in collagen content and
      collagen synthesis during culture, total hydroxyproline was measured as well as
      [3H]proline uptake and the formation of [3H]hydroxyproline. These three
      parameters were assessed with a new combined assay, which was modified from
      existing methods, yet was more sensitive and less tedious.

PMID- 4052452
TI  - S100ao (alpha alpha) protein is mainly located in the heart and striated muscles.
AB  - Concentrations of alpha-S100 protein (S100ao or alpha alpha form, and S100a or
      alpha beta form) and beta-S100 protein (S100b or beta beta form, and S100a or
      alpha beta form) in various human tissues were determined by employing the enzyme
      immunoassay system specific to each subunit of bovine S-100 protein.
      Immunoreactive alpha-S100 protein was found in the heart and striated muscles at
      high levels of about or more than 1 microgram/mg soluble protein. Concentrations
      of beta-S100 protein in those tissues were low (less than 50 ng/mg protein). A
      considerable content of alpha-S100 protein was also found in the kidney and
      thyroid gland (about 160 and 100 ng/mg protein, respectively), where the beta
      S100 content was less than 5 ng/mg protein. The immunoreactive alpha-S100
      proteins in the extracts of heart, kidney and brain were eluted in the same
      fractions from a column of butyl-Sepharose and in the fractions corresponding to
      a molecular weight of approx. 20 000 from a column of Sephadex G-100. Both alpha
      S100 and beta-S100 proteins were found at a relatively high concentration (100
      250 ng/mg protein) in the skin and trachea. The alpha-S100 contents in the other
      peripheral organs, including gastrointestinal tract, lung, liver, spleen, urinary
      bladder, gall bladder, uterus, prostate and aorta, were low (less than 50 ng/mg
      protein). Since brains contain about 300 ng alpha-S100 protein/mg soluble
      protein, it can be concluded that alpha-S100 (or S-100ao) protein is mainly
      located in the heart and striated muscle tissues.

PMID- 4052453
TI  - Low-angle X-ray diffraction analysis of the collagen-proteoglycan interactions in
      articular cartilage.
AB  - A comparative analysis, by low-angle X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy,
      of bovine articular cartilage either submitted or not to chemical (0.5-2 M CaCl2,
      4 M guanidinium chloride) or enzymatic (hyaluronidase, trypsin) treatments is
      reported. An analysis of the micrographs using a filtering program on the Fourier
      transform patterns reveals the absence of modification or alteration of the
      fibrils after treatment, whereas the X-ray diffraction patterns change. The ratio
      of the first/third orders intensities increases when the tissue proteoglycans
      content decreases. These results indicate that proteoglycans are regularly
      ordered on the type II collagen fibrils in articular cartilage.

PMID- 4052454
TI  - GDPmannose dolicholphosphate mannosyltransferase of chicken liver mitochondria.
AB  - Chicken liver mitochondria contain enzymes for the dolichol cycle. GDPmannose
      dolicholphosphate mannosyltransferase has been solubilized with Emulgen 909 and
      purified. The purified enzyme was not homogeneous, but highly specific for
      GDPmannose and dolichyl phosphate. The enzyme activity was stimulated by MgCl2 (3
      mM optimum) and exhibited a pH optimum at around 7.2. Bisubstrate kinetic
      analysis indicated that the enzyme follows a sequential mechanism. The Km values
      for GDPmannose and dolichyl phosphate were 0.43 and 14.3 microM, respectively.
      The purified enzyme was labile and lost its activity on storage at 0 degree C
      overnight or incubation at 30 degrees C or higher temperature. Inactivation could
      be prevented by the addition of heat-denatured mitochondrial extract. Further
      investigation revealed that phospholipids and dolichyl phosphate are responsible
      for the stabilization. Single addition of either phospholipid or dolichyl
      phosphate showed little activity, but the combination of these lipids enhanced
      the stabilizing activity greatly. Eight naturally occurring phospholipids were
      tested and found to be effective in combination with dolichyl phosphate. Among
      these, sphingomyelin was the most effective. Dolichol could partially substitute
      dolichyl phosphate but worked at higher concentrations.

PMID- 4052455
TI  - Precocious induction of tryptophan dioxygenase by glucocorticoid in suckling rats
      and correlation with change in glucocorticoid receptor.
AB  - When young rats (less than 14 days old) were treated once a day for 2 days with
      100 micrograms/100 g body weight of dexamethasone, their liver cytosol showed a
      sharp new peak of glucocorticoid binding protein (peak C) eluted with 0.14 M NaCl
      on DEAE-cellulose chromatography. When the young rats were given a single
      injection of the hormone, the chromatogram showed a dominant peak of binding
      protein (peak B), eluted with 0.07 M NaCl, which was similar to that in untreated
      rats. The appearance of peak C on two treatments of young rats with hormone was
      confirmed by both in vivo and in vitro labeling and also studies on the nuclear
      fraction. Peaks B and C were specific hormone-binding proteins as shown with
      excess unlabeled hormone. The appearance of peak C was concomitant with the
      precocious induction of tryptophan dioxygenase in the liver of the young rats,
      and pretreatment with two injections of dexamethasone were necessary for maximal
      enzyme induction. On the other hand, in adult rats a single injection of
      dexamethasone (of 20 micrograms/100 g body weight or more) was enough to cause
      the appearance of peak C and induce tryptophan dioxygenase activity maximally; an
      additional injection of the hormone did not change the chromatographic pattern of
      the specific binding or the enzyme activity. For this effect in young rats,
      dexamethasone could not be replaced by other hormones such as glucagon, growth
      hormone, thyroid hormones, insulin, sex steroids or short-acting glucocorticoid.

PMID- 4052456
TI  - Different patterns of proteins are secreted by the pig pancreas when stimulated
      by secretin alone or in combination with caerulein.
AB  - The protein compositions of pig pancreatic secretions collected under stimulation
      by secretin alone or in combination with caerulein were compared by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Different sets of proteins were observed in
      these two different conditions. One of the major proteins secreted under secretin
      alone was immunologically similar to the 92 kDa glycoprotein characteristic of
      the pig zymogen granule membrane. Since its proportion in the two secretions was
      drastically different and since this protein is exclusively found in the acinar
      cell, these observations support the view that the proteins released by the pig
      pancreas under secretin stimulation alone, and under the combination of secretin
      + caerulein do not originate from the same intracellular pool of the acinar cell
      and that the secretin-induced secretion does not derive from zymogen granules.

PMID- 4052457
TI  - Relationship between intact cell ATP levels and glucocorticoid receptor-binding
      capacity in the AtT-20 cell.
AB  - This study tested the relationship between intact cell ATP levels and
      glucocorticoid receptor-binding capacity in the AtT-20 mouse pituitary tumor
      cell. Four treatments were used to alter intact cell ATP levels: incubation with
      NaF, incubation with 2,4-dinitrophenol, alterations in culture age, and
      incubation with dexamethasone. Each of these treatments clearly altered
      glucocorticoid receptor-binding capacity. Their effects on ATP levels, however,
      were not the same: NaF decreased ATP levels, dinitrophenol decreased ATP levels
      only transiently, and the last two treatments (increasing culture age and
      incubation with dexamethasone) produced an inverse relationship between ATP
      levels and receptor-binding capacity. It is concluded that, at least in the
      intact AtT-20 cell, receptor-binding capacity is not always directly related to
      ATP levels.

PMID- 4052458
TI  - Quantal secretion and response lag demonstrated in single rat neutrophils.
AB  - The release of 9-aminoacridine loaded into neutrophil granules has been monitored
      using quantitative fluorescence microscopy of individual rat neutrophils. Within
      the granule, the fluorescence of the dye was substantially quenched, but release
      into the surrounding medium restored fluorescence. From kinetic analysis of the
      increase in fluorescence it was shown that secretion from a single neutrophil in
      response to a low concentration of chemotactic peptide occurred in 'bursts'. Each
      'burst' of secretion was of equal size and kinetics, which were equal to the size
      and kinetics of the smallest evoked response possible. A significant time-lag of
      5-10 s between the arrival of the stimulus at the cell and the onset of secretion
      was recorded. It was therefore concluded that secretion from neutrophils was the
      result of release of quantal amounts of dye following a delay period.

PMID- 4052459
TI  - Molecular mass of inhibitor-2 from rabbit liver.
AB  - Inhibitor-2 was partially purified from rabbit liver by fractionation with
      ammonium sulphate, heat treatment at 100 degrees C, precipitation with
      trichloroacetic acid, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose at pH 8.5 and 5.0 and gel
      filtration on Sephadex G-100 (Stokes radius, 3.4 nm). The protein behaved as a
      single component at each step and migrated on SDS-polyacrylamide gels as a 31 kDa
      protein. Its properties were indistinguishable from those of skeletal muscle
      inhibitor-2. The results disagree with the report of Khandelwal and Zinman (J.
      Biol. Chem. (1978) 253, 560-565) that hepatic inhibitor-2 is a 14 kDa protein.

PMID- 4052460
TI  - Creatine kinase kinetics, ATP turnover, and cardiac performance in hearts
      depleted of creatine with the substrate analogue beta-guanidinopropionic acid.
AB  - Rats were fed a diet containing 1% of the creatine substrate analogue beta
      guanidinopropionic acid for 6-10 weeks. 31P-NMR investigation of isolated,
      glucose-perfused working hearts showed a 90% reduction in [phosphocreatine] from
      22.2 to 2.5 mumol/g dry wt in guanidinopropionic acid-fed animals but no change
      in [Pi], [ATP], or intracellular pH. The unidirectional exchange flux in the
      creatine kinase reaction (direction phosphocreatine----ATP) was measured by
      saturation transfer NMR in hearts working against a perfusion pressure of 70 cm
      of water. This exchange was 10 mumol/g dry wt per s in control hearts and
      decreased 4-fold to 2.5-2.8 mumol/g dry wt per s in hearts from
      guanidinopropionic acid-fed animals. Oxygen consumption and cardiac performance
      were measured in parallel experiments at two perfusion pressures, 70 and 140 cm.
      No significant differences were observed in oxygen uptake or in any of the
      performance criteria between hearts from control and guanidinopropionic acid-fed
      rats at either workload. Assuming an ADP:O ratio of 3, the oxygen consumption
      measurements correspond to ATP turnover rates of 4.2-7.8 mumol/g dry per s. These
      rates are 1.5-3-times greater than the rate of the phosphocreatine----ATP
      exchange in hearts from guanidinopropionic acid-fed rats. These data suggest that
      phosphocreatine cannot be an obligate intermediate of energy transduction in the
      heart.

PMID- 4052461
TI  - Enhancement of cholesteryl ester metabolism in cultured human monocyte-derived
      macrophages by verapamil.
AB  - The effect of the Ca2+ entry blocker, verapamil, on the biosynthesis of
      cholesterol and the metabolism of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was studied in
      cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages. Addition of verapamil (50 microM) of
      monocyte-derived macrophages enhanced 125I-LDL and 125I-labelled acetyl-LDL
      binding and internalization, and increased [2-14C]acetate incorporation into
      cholesterol. Since higher levels of LDL and modified lipoproteins may be
      implicated in atherogenesis, the more efficient processing of these lipoproteins
      by monocyte-derived macrophages in the presence of Ca2+ blocker warrants further
      assessment for its potential as an antiatherogenic agent.

PMID- 4052462
TI  - Investigation of the carbohydrate metabolism of normal and neoplastic hepatocytes
      using 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol as a probe for NAD(P)H production measured by
      voltammetry.
AB  - An electrochemical technique is described for measurement of intracellular
      NAD(P)H production. This technique involves an auxiliary redox system taken up by
      the cells which is then measured voltammetrically after reduction by NAD(P)H. The
      redox system used was 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP). It was shown to
      undergo a quasi-reversible two-electron transfer at the rotating gold disc
      electrode serving as an indicator electrode. The anodic wave of the reduced form
      of DCPIP was taken to indicate the amount of NAD(P)H produced by metabolic
      processes with glucose as substrate for a given number of cells. The following
      types of cell were investigated in suspension: Morris hepatoma 3924, a hepatocyte
      derived cell line, and normal hepatocytes. Marked differences between normal and
      transformed cells were found under aerobic compared to anaerobic conditions.
      These were explained in terms of alterations in carbohydrate metabolism, e.g.,
      Pasteur effect occurring on cell transformation.

PMID- 4052463
TI  - Voltammetric measurements of the kinetics of enzymatic reduction of 2, 6
      dichlorophenolindophenol in normal and neoplastic hepatocytes using glucose as
      substrate.
AB  - Amperometric methods were used to study reaction kinetics of 2, 6
      dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) with NADH in the homogeneous phase. The second
      order rate constant of the reaction was calculated to be 2.4 M-1 . s-1 at 37
      degrees C. The reoxidation of the reduced form of DCPIP in air-saturated
      phosphate-buffered saline was found to follow pseudo-first-order reaction
      kinetics with rate constant of 5.9 X 10(-4) s-1. These data were compared to the
      reduction of DCPIP in suspensions of normal and neoplastic hepatocytes, in the
      absence and presence of oxygen. The reduction of DCPIP by intracellular NAD(P)H
      was shown to follow mixed-type reaction kinetics different from those of the
      homogeneous phase. From this, the conclusion was drawn that complexes of enzymes
      transferring electrons to and from NAD(P)H are involved in intracellular
      reduction of DCPIP.

PMID- 4052464
TI  - [Laser-induced covalent cross-links in DNA].
AB  - Formation of cross-links and local denaturated sites in double-stranded DNA of
      bacteriophage CD under picosecond laser UV irradiation was investigated by
      fluorescent method. It is shown that passing from low-intensity UV irradiation
      with mercury lamp to high-intensity laser UV irradiation quantum, yield of cross
      links formation increases by an order.

PMID- 4052465
TI  - [Study of the hydratation of the double-helical poly A-poly U complex by IR
      spectroscopy and piezogravimetry methods].
AB  - IR-spectra of a double-helical poly A-poly U complex and coiled poly U were
      studied at various r.h. in a 900-3800 cm-1 region. By the method of
      piezomicrobalance hydration isotherms for these polynucleotides were obtained. It
      is concluded that, as in the DNA case, simultaneous hydration of nucleic bases
      the backbone of polynucleotides occurs at lower r.h., and that the poly A-poly U
      hydration level is higher than poly A and poly U ones separately. Drastic changes
      in spectral parameters of poly A poly U uracil and adenine in-ring and out-of
      ring absorption bands observed in 44-76% r.h. region were interpreted as a
      transition to helical conformation of the complex. Calculation of resonance
      frequencies for these normal vibrations in the dipole-dipole approximation agrees
      with the experimental data.

PMID- 4052466
TI  - [Effect of hydrogen ion concentration in the medium on the state of chromatin in
      lymphoid cells].
AB  - Effect of medium acidity (pH 7.2 divided by 6.6) on the state of lymphoid tissue
      cells was studied by microspectrofluorimetry, electrophoresis and IR
      spectroscopy. Two stages of the cell structural-functional changes were found at
      H2CO3 acidification of the medium. The first one is a reversible transition of
      chromatin from the state of dense sphere to the margination state when chromatin
      is located along the membrane. The second one is an irreversible destruction of
      chromatin and the cell death. The margination stage is related to the formation
      of non-specific DNA-membrane contacts, while the chromatin destruction stage to
      the "proton breakdown" of the macromolecules and their supramolecular complexes.
      A relationship between the degree of margination reversibility and the value of
      the medium acidification and the time of cell incubation in it is shown.
      Different functional significance of chromatin marginated state is discussed.

PMID- 4052467
TI  - [Stability of the membrane potential of mouse liver cells to damaging exposures].
AB  - Behavior of the membrane potential under some experimental effects changing the
      stability of liver electrogenesis was studied. A method for evaluating the
      stability of electrogenesis and some possible mechanisms of stabilization of the
      membrane potential at standard damage of the tissue is analysed.

PMID- 4052468
TI  - [31P-NMR study of the levels of phosphorus-containing metabolites in the mouse
      liver during administration of highly dispersed zinc powder].
AB  - The content of phosphor-containing metabolites as regards inorganic phosphate of
      tissues of the mouse liver after injection of zinc highly dispersed powder at the
      dose of 5 mg/kg has been established with quantitative calculation of 31P-NMR
      spectra. A decrease in the relative level of phosphor-containing metabolites in
      the liver regeneration on the first day after partial hepatectomy has been
      observed. It has been shown that the relative level of phosphor-containing
      metabolites after injection more decreased during the first two days after
      operation. The observed changes of P-compounds metabolites in the liver after
      injection of zinc highly dispersed powder are related to its stimulation effect
      on metabolism of sugar and phospholipids and on the cell respiratory process.

PMID- 4052469
TI  - [Element analysis of sclerotic plaques of large blood vessels by laser mass
      spectrometry].
AB  - Laser mass-spectroscopic studies were carried out of element and isotope
      composition of sclerotic formations (patches) of large blood vessels on
      calcinosis and ateromatosis stage, as well as of the region adjoining the
      calcinosic formation of the vessel tissue. It was shown that the basis of the
      "patches" consists of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. 13 elements of micromixtures
      were found. Changes were revealed of the content of some elements and anomalous
      disturbance of natural distribution of oxygen, silicon, magnesium and calcium
      isotopes depending on the stage of arteriosclerosis formation.

PMID- 4052470
TI  - [NMR study of the state of water in the human lens during cataract development].
AB  - Water proton spin-spin relaxation times (T2) and the content of bound, "non
      freezable" at -9 degrees C water in both normal human lenses and human lenses of
      different stages of cataract progression (cataracta incipiens, nondum matura,
      mature hypermatura) were measured by NMR spin echoes method. By the stage of
      cataracta nondum matura, increase of bound water content and simultaneous, almost
      half decrease of the relaxation time (T2), were observed. However, on the
      following stages of cataract evaluation (almost mature, mature cataracts) a
      gradual decrease of bound water content is noted, but only for the mature
      cataract stage the water content significantly differs from that of the normal
      one. On the stage of hypermature cataract the presence of two unexchanged with
      each other fractions of water is found. The obtained data are explained by lens
      protein reconstructions during the cataract progression.

PMID- 4052471
TI  - [The paramyosin function in glycerinated muscle fibers during blocking with
      antibodies of its contacts with structural proteins].
AB  - Antibodies to paramyosin (APM) induce a partial decrease of the isometric tension
      in glycerinated fibres of the Anodonta cygnea catch muscle in the presence of ATP
      and Ca2+; the myofibrillar Mg2+ ATPase increases concomitantly. Assumedly
      paramyosin inhibits the cross-bridges unlocking, retaining them mechanically in a
      locked state. The fibres of barnacle giant muscle in an ATP deficient solution
      respond to APM by transient isometric tension development. A model for the
      participation of paramyosin in the contractile process is proposed. In both
      muscle types paramyosin hinders the functioning of certain elements of the
      contractile machinery.

PMID- 4052472
TI  - [Development of a model of normal human alpha-rhythm from empirical data].
AB  - The checking of adequacy of alfa-rhythm generation mechanism in EEG of
      practically fit people of different models described in literature was completed,
      EEG was computerized; algorithm is based on some statistical dynamics
      regulations. It is concluded that normal human alfa-rhythm is being formed by the
      linear system of one of its own frequencies of large bandwidth. Transition of the
      system from stability of selfsustained oscillations in some pathological forms is
      discussed.

PMID- 4052473
TI  - [The state of a toroid-like DNA globule: the persistent macromolecule in a low
      molecular solvent].
AB  - Dimensions of a toroidal globule appearing at the compactization of DNA macro
      molecule in a poor low-molecular solvent are estimated. Diagram of DNA molecule
      state was analysed in variables: contour length-concentration of the
      precipitating agent. Possible existence of the tricritical point in the joint of
      the regions of coil, isotropic globular and liquid crystalline globular states
      was suggested.

PMID- 4052474
TI  - [Leucine aminopeptidase crystals from the bovine pancreas].
AB  - Crystals of leucinaminopeptidase from bovine pancreas were obtained. Space group
      (P6322), parameters of the cell a-b-132 A, c = 122 A and distribution of spot
      intensities on precessional X-ray patterns were in full agreement with
      corresponding parameters for leucinaminopeptidase crystals from bovine eye lens.
      A conclusion is drawn about similarity between the spatial structures of
      leucinaminopeptidase from bovine pancreas and eye lens.

PMID- 4052475
TI  - [Calcium-induced changes in bilayer membranes from oxidized cholesterol].
AB  - Elastic properties of oxidized cholesterol bilayers in n-octane and membrane
      solvent free were studied by measuring Young modulus E perpendicular in the
      direction perpendicular to the membrane plane as a function of concentration of
      calcium ions. Interaction between calcium ions and solvent free bilayers resulted
      in a significant increases of Young modulus E perpendicular in the concentration
      range 20-40 mmol/l Ca2+. It is suggested that the hardening of the membrane is
      caused by some structural changes in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.

PMID- 4052476
TI  - [A problem of biological clocks. New data on the circadian rhythm of the changes
      in the state of the human body].
AB  - Analysis of time-dependent development of various events in man's life (diseases,
      traumas traffic accidents, normal delivery, death because of diseases) and
      physiological processes allowed to reveal the presence of intradian cycle in
      their dynamics with the period about 4-6 hs. At present possible mechanism(s) of
      this phenomenon is being discussed.

PMID- 4052477
TI  - [Energy characteristics of the structure of protein molecules].

PMID- 4052478
TI  - [Prediction of the structural class of globular proteins from their amino acid
      sequence].
AB  - Two-dimensional representation of consequence of 32 proteins with known three
      dimensional structure has been obtained on 20 X 20 matrix of the distribution of
      amino acid pairs (nearest neighbours). Prediction algorithm of the structural
      class of globular proteins has been worked out on the basis of the comparison of
      20 X 20 matrix of the distribution of amino acid pairs for the proteins of
      different structural classes. The accuracy of structural class predictions of 32
      proteins has been carried out (all the proteins are taken from numerous ones used
      to obtain the algorithm).

PMID- 4052479
TI  - [Maps of preferential conformation of dipeptides in the structural regions of
      globular proteins].
AB  - According to X-ray crystallographic analysis of 46 globular proteins the
      probability of dipeptides frequency in alpha-helical beta-sheet and random coil
      conformations has been studied on the basis of which the maps of preferentially
      conformational state of dipeptide in different elements of secondary structure of
      proteins have been obtained.

PMID- 4052480
TI  - [Two structural forms of histone octamer].
AB  - It has been found that histone octamer of calf thymus (H2A--H2B--H3--H4)2 can
      exist in two structural states--"loose" (2M NaCl) and "compact" one (4M NaCl).
      The compact state of the octamer is characterized by screening of part of
      tyrosyls for quenching effect of ions I-, longer relaxation time of tyrosyls,
      greater stability of histone H3 towards trypsinolysis, complete absence of
      interactions between histone H3 SH-groups and parachlormercuribenzoate.

PMID- 4052481
TI  - [Orientation and kinetics of surface denaturation of normal human and myeloma IgA
      in monolayers at the interface of air-NaCl aqueous solutions].
AB  - Normal serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and abnormal IgA isolated from serum of
      patients with multiple A-myeloma have been studied by monolayer technique at air-
      NaCl solution interfaces. Normal IgA analogous to human normal IgG and secretory
      IgA was shown to have horizontal orientation at air--water interface. Only some
      abnormal IgA were similar to myeloma IgG and differed from the normal ones by
      their orientation at phase border. Majority of myeloma IgA under study could not
      be distinguished from the normal ones by orientation and denaturation kinetics at
      interface. B-lymphocytes of the first group of patients were assumed to carry IgA
      receptors at their surface, but B-lymphocytes of the second group of patients
      carried Ig receptors of some other class of immunoglobulins.

PMID- 4052482
TI  - [Study of poly(C) and poly(I)-poly(C) complexes with model phospholipid membranes
      by infrared spectroscopy].
AB  - The temperature dependence of poly(C) is shown by the infrared spectroscopy to be
      different for the free polynucleotide and for the polynucleotide in complexes
      with membranes. The intensity of stretching vibrations of C = 0 bond of poly(C)
      in the complex appears to be sensitive to the temperature. The intensity of this
      band is sharply decreased by increasing the temperature. This effect depends upon
      concentration of Mg2+-cations. Adsorption of poly(I)-poly(C) on the surface of
      vesicles from phosphatidylcholine results in the increase of the double helix.

PMID- 4052483
TI  - [Study of the role of microtubules in the regulation of activity of highly
      permeable contact membranes].
AB  - It was shown that various antitubulines-colchicin (10(-4) M), vinblastin-sulfate
      (10(-5) M) and vinoristin-sulfate (10(-5) M) do not affect the intercellular
      diffusion exchange of small inorganic ions and organic dye fluorescein in
      Drosophila virilis larva salivari gland. It is suggested that microtubules do not
      take part in functional activity regulation of gap junction high-permeable
      membranes.

PMID- 4052484
TI  - [The effect of submillisecond temperature jump on the mechanical tension of
      skinned muscle fibers of the frog in a state of rigor].
AB  - Modification of temperature jump method for skinned skeletal muscle fibres is
      described. The fibre heating was obtained applying the high-voltage high
      frequency current impulse to the fibre after removing the surrounding solution.
      The method permits to obtain the heating for 15 degrees C in 0.25 msec. The
      temperature jump in rigorized fibre induced instantaneous drop of tension. This
      effect is probably induced by thermal expansion of contractile proteins in the
      fibre.

PMID- 4052485
TI  - [Physical mechanism of spatial organization in epithelial morphogenesis].
AB  - The morphogenetic movements of embryonic epithelia are preceded by their marking
      into motor active and passive zones. It is carried out as a result of spontaneous
      splitting of the epithelial layer to domains of morphologically polarized (motor
      active) and isotropic cells. Processes of the cellular level are dependent on the
      global supracellular organization. The mechanism of selforganization of
      macroscopic supracellular order in the course of cell polarization is analysed. A
      number of more elementary properties of the embryonic material inferred from the
      experiments proves to be sufficient for the initiation of such mechanism.

PMID- 4052486
TI  - [A physical model of acoustic effects of ultrahigh frequency fields on biological
      systems].
AB  - A physical model of radiosound based on the stimulation of mechanical
      oscillations in liquid media at adsorption of SHF impulse energy is presented. It
      is shown that a limited liquid volume can be considered as an acoustic resonator
      with self oscillation frequency. At definite relationships between the succession
      frequency and impulse duration interference takes place. Oscillograms of recorded
      mechanical oscillations are presented. The low frequency type of radiosound is
      explained. A conclusion is made concerning the reliability of the proposed method
      for investigating radiosound.

PMID- 4052487
TI  - [Characteristics of locomotion regulation in man].
AB  - It has been found by transforming experimental kinematic data to normal
      coordinates with calculating of muscle force moments during walking that the
      locomotor movements are regulated almost discontinuously at each degree of
      freedom of leg, so two piece constant parameters of control are switched few
      times during gait cycle. Therefore musculature acts like switched elastic
      constraints, and energy expenditure depends on the trajectories of movements
      essentially less than on the kinematic conditions displayed during fixed
      switchings.

PMID- 4052488
TI  - [Levels of labile phosphorus-containing metabolites].
AB  - The work deals with the investigation of possible use of 31P-NMR for revealing
      metabolism changes in the mouse liver during the development of leukemia. This
      method was shown to permit observation of the extreme pattern of relative
      concentrations of sugar phosphate and bioorganic phosphate in the latent period.
      This observed increase in the metabolic activity of hepatocytes correlates with
      biophysical shifts found by other methods.

PMID- 4052489
TI  - [The effect of ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic fields on the reduction of
      ferricyanide by human erythrocytes in the presence of methylene blue].
AB  - Effect of microwave radiation with the frequency of 1000 +/- 10 MHz and specific
      absorption rate of 220-580 mV/g on the ferricyanide reduction by human red blood
      cells in the presence of methylene blue (carrier of oxidation-reduction
      equivalents through the membrane) was studied at different temperatures in the
      region of 23-34 degrees C. The temperature dependence of the ferricyanide
      reduction rate in Arrhenius plots shows two sharp "anomalous" sites with
      apparently negative activation energy at 26-27 and 29-30 degrees C. Broadness and
      expression of the "anomalous" sites increased with an increase of the blood
      storage time. The increase of the ferricyanide reduction rate under microwave
      irradiation was observed only in the temperature regions corresponding to the
      "anomalous" sites of the temperature dependence.

PMID- 4052490
TI  - [Calorimetric study of the denaturation of chromatin and its components].
AB  - Two-stage process of chromatin denaturation was studied. To understand the nature
      of heat absorption of these stages their degree of their reversibility was
      investigated. Some stages of heat absorption observed on the curves of chromatin
      and mononucleosome heat absorption reflect melting of different levels of
      chromatin DNA organization.

PMID- 4052491
TI  - [Effect of medium pH on oxygen activation by human blood neutrophils and
      lymphocytes during adhesion to glass and treatment with concanavalin A].
AB  - It has been established that oxygen activation by neutrophils and human blood
      lymphocytes at adhesion to glass and under the action of concanavalin A
      differently depends on pH. It has been suggested that oxygen activation by
      neutrophils and lymphocytes occurs through different mechanisms.

PMID- 4052492
TI  - [Elementary methods of analysis in biology: a new dimension in the
      characterization of the functional state of cells].

PMID- 4052493
TI  - Large-scale isolation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes from bovine blood.
AB  - A method for the isolation of an enriched population (greater than 96%) of bovine
      polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) from 70 liters of blood was developed using a
      two-step procedure involving separation of the blood, in a packed red blood cell
      fraction containing the PMNs and a plasma fraction, by continuous flow blood
      separation. Hypotonic lysis of erythrocytes was then followed by centrifugation
      at 200 g sedimenting the PMNs. The yield was 93 +/- 30 g, the recovery was 62 +/-
      20%, viability was greater than 95%. Since bovine blood can be obtained in
      unlimited amounts, the procedure described here can be applied to obtain large
      amounts of bovine PMNs for incubation studies and large-scale purification of
      intracellular enzymes suitable for biochemical characterization.

PMID- 4052494
TI  - Sunflower seed protein: size and charge heterogeneity in subunits of the globulin
      fraction.
AB  - The subunit heterogeneity of the globulin fraction of sunflower seeds was
      investigated by two dimensional electrophoresis, using isoelectric focusing in
      the first dimension and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in the second dimension. Under non reducing conditions,
      intermediary subunits B, C and D (molecular weight 54 000, 48 000 and 40 000,
      respectively) were focused within a pI range 5.4-6.0 but intermediary subunits A
      (molecular weight 60 000) focused within a pI range 6.3-6.8. Under reducing
      conditions the electrophoretic patterns show that intermediary subunits consist
      in large "acidic" and small "basic" subunits linked by disulphide bonds. The
      large subunits of B species are more acidic and less heterogeneous than the
      corresponding subunits of the A species. These results confirm that helianthinin
      had a "legumin-type" structure.

PMID- 4052495
TI  - Mossbauer spectroscopy study of iron overloaded livers.
AB  - Absorption 57Fe Mossbauer spectra have been carried out directly on fresh or
      lyophylized tissues of liver with either normal iron depot or iron overload. Two
      types of overloading have been studied: primary iron overload due to an excessive
      intestinal iron absorption and secondary iron overload (hemosiderosis) produced
      in beta-thalassemia patients by hypertransfusional therapeutics. The Mossbauer
      spectra, at room temperature, 77 and 4.2 K, on normal liver samples, are typical
      for the ferritin-hemosiderin compounds. In the spectra, performed on
      hemosiderosis liver samples, there appears, in addition to ferritin and
      hemosiderin, a new iron molecular environment, typical of high spin ferric iron
      and characterized by a superparamagnetic behaviour which begins at high
      temperature (above 77 K). This new component does not show up in the primary iron
      overload cases and seems characteristic of the physiological process which
      induces the iron overload.

PMID- 4052496
TI  - Dynamic and static hysteresis in crayfish stretch receptors.
AB  - This report calls attention to the magnitude and pervasiveness of hysteresis in
      the coding from length to afferent discharges in crayfish stretch receptor organs
      (SRO's). The influence of previous lengths on the rate that corresponded to a
      particular length L was manifest by a substantial excess of that encountered when
      L was arrived at from a shorter value over that when arrived at from a longer
      one. Hysteretic loops were present under dynamic conditions when length was
      modulated quasi-sinusoidally in the length vs. rate Lissajous plots of both the
      slowly and the fast-adapting organs (SAO, FAO), either not perturbed or
      perturbed. Loops became narrower with increasing frequency (except for when 1 to
      1 locking appeared, Diez Martinez and Segundo, 1983). Hysteretic loops were
      present under static conditions when length changes were step-like, and fully
      adapted rates were noted in the SAO and in the perturbed FAO. Earlier reports
      suggest that hysteresis reflects jointly at least mechanical and electrogenic
      factors in the "length-to-local dendritic effects" and in the "generator
      potential to discharge" stages. Several models, either mechanical or
      mathematical, reveal hysteretic behavior. Detailed analysis has not been
      performed except for one instance (Chua and Bass, 1972) where, for example, loop
      narrowing at higher frequencies occurs only with certain weighting functions
      whose physiological significance is as yet obscure. Hysteresis may be more
      widespread than suspected in sensory (and perhaps other) systems: it involves a
      multi-valuedness that raises the issue of how central mechanisms infer stimulus
      magnitude retrospectively from the discharge.

PMID- 4052497
TI  - Differences between visually triggered human forearm movements with visual and
      auditory relevant feedback.
AB  - The effects of visual and auditory relevant feedback on human forearm movements
      elicited by random position signal sequences were examined. Forearm movements
      were performed with four feedback conditions. We observed the reaction time, the
      holding time, and the adjustment error sequences when the arm moved briskly and
      accurately to the target position. As the results, the reaction times for
      auditory relevant feedback were shorter than those for the others (visual or no
      feedback). The holding times for auditory relevant feedback were longer than
      those for the others. And the subjects had about one adjustment error to
      terminate on the target zone.

PMID- 4052498
TI  - Modelling the effects of a negative feedback circuit from horizontal cells to
      cones on the impulse responses of cones and horizontal cells in the catfish
      retina.
AB  - A model of the cone-L-HC circuit for the catfish retina is presented with the
      following features: the outer segment consists of a compression factor and 7 low
      pass filters in tandem; the cone pedicle consists of an internal negative
      feedback circuit in series with a low-pass filter; and the L-HC consists of a low
      pass filter and forms a negative feedback circuit with the cone pedicle. By
      proper adjustment of the various time constants of the low-pass filters and the
      gain factors, the impulse responses for cones and L-HCs of the catfish retina
      (and turtle) can be duplicated. The negative feedback gain increases with
      increasing levels of mean illuminance which causes the monophasic impulse
      responses to become faster, biphasic and decrease in amplitude, i.e. in gain.
      This is an expression of the Weber-Fechner law.

PMID- 4052500
TI  - Human visual navigation in the presence of 3-D rotations.
AB  - We report on the ability of human observers in judging their direction of
      translation from sparse, moving random dot patterns for varying extents of 3--D
      rotation. The observers have to discriminate possible axes of translation with
      angular separations of 2.5 deg or 5 deg. The field of view is either 20 X 20 deg
      or 10 X 10 deg. The simulated observer movement is relative to two types of
      scenes. The first type consists of dots located on a single plane at a depth Z.
      The second type of scenes consists of dots located on two transparent planes at
      different depths Z and Z + dZ. Unlike in the single plane condition, where the
      judgements about the direction of translation deteriorate quickly as the
      magnitude of 3--D rotation increases, we find for movements relative to planes at
      different distances a stable performance over a range of rotational magnitudes.
      Moreover we find that a reduction of the field of view from 20 X 20 deg to 10 X
      10 deg does not affect the judgements significantly.

PMID- 4052499
TI  - The mechanics of multi-joint posture and movement control.
AB  - The dependence of muscle force on muscle length gives rise to a "spring-like"
      behavior which has been shown to play a role in the execution of single-joint
      posture and movement. This paper extends this concept and considers the influence
      of the apparent mechanical behavior of the neural, muscular and skeletal system
      on the control and coordination of multiple degree of freedom posture and
      movement. A rigorous definition of "spring-like" behavior is presented. From it a
      numerically quantifiable, experimental test of spring-like behavior is
      formulated. It is shown that if the steady-state force-displacement behavior of a
      limb is not spring-like, this can only be due to the action of inter-muscular
      feedback, and can not be due to intrinsic muscle properties. The directional
      character of the spring-like behavior of a multiple degree of freedom system is
      described. The unique way in which synergistic coactivation of polyarticular
      muscles may modulate the directional properties of the spring-like behavior of a
      multiple degree of freedom system is explained. Dynamic aspects of postural
      behavior are also considered. The concept of mechanical impedance is presented as
      a rigorous dynamic generalisation of the postural stiffness of the limb. The
      inertial behavior of the system is characterised by its mobility. As with the
      stiffness or impedance, in the multiple degree of freedom case it has a
      directional property. The way in which the apparent kinematic redundancy of the
      musculo-skeletal system may be used to modify its dynamic behavior is explained.
      Whereas the inertial behavior of a single limb segment is not modifiable, it is
      shown that the apparent inertial behavior of a multiple degree of freedom system
      may be modulated by repositioning the joints. A unified description of the
      posture and movement of a multi-joint system is presented by defining a "virtual
      trajectory" of equilibrium positions for the limb which may be specified by the
      neuro-muscular system. The way in which this approach may lead to a
      simplification of some the apparent computational difficulties associated with
      the control of multi-joint motion is discussed.

PMID- 4052501
TI  - On periodic responses of a mathematical neuron model.
AB  - The periodic responses of a mathematical neuron model, when periodically varying
      input stimuli are applied to the model, are investigated. An explicit
      representation of periodic responses is obtained. It is shown that a periodic
      response as a 0-1 string is a "uniform string". That is, the 1's of the 0-1
      string are distributed uniformly in the string.

PMID- 4052502
TI  - Visual motion, binocular correspondence and binocular rivalry.
AB  - Human observers dichoptically viewed displays consisting of isotropic random
      dots, with the dots in each eye's view all moving in a given direction or
      appearing stationary. When the interocular difference in direction of motion was
      less than 30 deg, a stable, fused percept resulted. Once this interocular
      difference was exceeded, binocular rivalry ensued. Rivalry was also obtained when
      dots seen by the two eyes moved in identical directions but at different
      velocities. Under this condition, the proportion of time that rivalry was
      experienced increased with the interocular difference in velocity. Moving dots
      predominated over stationary ones, and when both sets of dots moved there was no
      clear advantage of one speed of motion over the other. Contrary to some earlier
      reports, these results show that motion is not immune to binocular rivalry.
      Evidently the process responsible for establishing binocular correspondence
      between images received by the two eyes is sensitive to disparities in direction
      and velocity of motion.

PMID- 4052503
TI  - A method for computerized modification of certain natural animal sounds for
      communication study purposes.
AB  - A new method for computerized modification of sound signals is presented. With
      digital signal processing in the time domain it is possible to alter the
      amplitude, the frequency and the time scale of natural sounds independently. The
      method can be applied to natural sounds with reasonably pure tonal quality.

PMID- 4052504
TI  - An active method of extracting egomotion parameters from optical flow.
AB  - Instead of the former passive method characterized by a camera fixed on a
      translating and rotating vehicle, an active method characterized by tracking an
      object at the center of visual field is proposed. The method extracts egomotion
      parameters such as the instantaneous direction of translation, the axis of
      rotation and its angular velocity. A unit spherical surface is used as the
      projection surface. The theory allows clear vision where needed at the center of
      the visual field, and simultaneously permits the extraction of egomotion
      parameters from the periphery of the visual field.

PMID- 4052505
TI  - Possibilities and limitations of weighted averaging.
AB  - A statistical analysis of a weighted averaging procedure for the estimation of
      small signals buried in noise (Hoke et al. 1984a) is given. The weighting factor
      used by this method is in inverse proportion to the variance estimated for the
      noise. It is shown that, compared to conventional averaging, weighted averaging
      can improve the signal-to-noise ratio to a high extent if the variance of the
      noise changes as a function of time. On the other hand, uncritical application of
      the method involves the danger that the signal amplitude is underestimated. How
      serious this effect is depends on the number of degrees of freedom available for
      the estimation of the weighting factor. The effect can be neglected, if this
      number is sufficiently increased by means of an appropriate preprocessing.

PMID- 4052506
TI  - [A special estrogen-binding protein in the rat liver: the effect of nuclear
      accumulation of estradiol-receptor complexes in vitro].
AB  - The accumulation of [3H]estradiol-receptor complexes by liver nuclei after
      preliminary incubation of the hormone with rat liver cytosol was studied. It was
      demonstrated that addition to female rat liver cytosol of a purified preparation
      of the unusual estrogen-binding protein (UEBP) from male rat liver causes a dose
      dependent inhibition of subsequent accumulation of specifically bound
      [3H]estradiol in the nuclei. Addition to male rat liver cytosol of 1.5 microM 2
      alpha-hydroxytestosterone, testosterone, 1-dehydrotestosterone, 5 alpha
      androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, i. e. compounds
      possessing marked affinity for UEBP, resulted in a 2-5-fold increase of the
      subsequent nuclear accumulation of estrogen-receptor complexes. The use of UEBP
      deficient female rat liver cytosol revealed that the afore-mentioned steroids are
      ineffective with respect to estrogen reception. It is concluded that UEBP of male
      rat liver is capable of modulating estrogen reception.

PMID- 4052507
TI  - [Interaction of functionally coupled vitamins in the distribution and metabolism
      of [14C]nicotinic acid in tissues and blood cells].
AB  - Leucocytes adsorb by two orders of magnitude more labeled nicotinic acid
      ([14C]Na) than erythrocytes (as calculated on a per cell basis). The dynamics of
      binding of labeled vitamin by leucocytes is biphasic with the formation of
      predominantly [14C]nicotinic coenzymes already at very short time intervals after
      their injection to rats. Simultaneous injections of thiamine, riboflavin, lipoate
      and pantotenate increased the level of total labeled nicotinate metabolites in
      the blood and leucocytes 2.1- and 4.1-fold, respectively. The metabolism of
      subcutaneously injected [14C]NA was predominantly localized in the digestive
      system with a markedly pronounced two-phase dynamics of changes of the level of
      total labeled metabolites in the liver and small intestine concomitant with their
      secretion together with digestive juices. The functionally coupled vitamins
      injected simultaneously sharply increased the incorporation of the total label
      into liver tissues (up to 45% of the injected dose against 33% in the control)
      and the increase in the level of [14C]pyridine nucleotides. Similar effects were
      observed upon accumulation of labeled metabolites of [14C]NA in small intestine
      membranes. The increase in the maximal accumulation of nicotinate under effects
      of other group B vitamins in brain, heart and spleen tissues correlated with the
      dynamics, of their accumulation in the blood. In the postmaximal period in
      cardiac muscle and brain tissues, the second increase in the [14C]NA binding
      correlated with the dynamics of its accumulation in the digestive
      system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052508
TI  - [Modulation of the platelet aggregation capacity by modified forms of thrombin].
AB  - It was found that human platelets possess a high sensitivity towards alpha
      thrombin (Km = 2 nM). Modified thrombin forms (beta/gamma-thrombin) with an
      impaired recognition site of high molecular weight substrates and DIP-alpha
      thrombin and trypsin are incapable of inducing platelet aggregation when taken at
      concentrations corresponding to effective concentrations of alpha-thrombin.
      Beta/gamma-Thrombin and trypsin, unlike DIP-alpha-thrombin, cause platelet
      aggregation at concentrations of 100-200 nM. Studies on the modulating effects of
      modified thrombin forms, alpha-thrombin and trypsin, on platelet aggregation
      induced by alpha-thrombin revealed that beta/gamma-thrombin, alpha-thrombin and
      trypsin at concentrations causing no cell aggregation potentiate the platelet
      response after 2 min incubation and inhibit platelet aggregation upon prolonged
      (15 min) incubation. However, DIP-alpha-thrombin, irrespective of the incubation
      time (up to 30 min) increased the sensitivity of platelets to alpha-thrombin
      induced aggregation. The activating effect of DIP-alpha-thrombin is characterized
      by an equilibrium constant (KA) of 17 nM. The experimental data confirm the
      hypothesis that the necessary prerequisite for an adequate physiological response
      of platelets to alpha-thrombin is the maintenance in the thrombin molecule of an
      intact active center and a recognition site for high molecular weight substrates.
      The specificity of thrombin as a potent platelet aggregation inducer is
      determined by the recognition site for high molecular weight substrates.

PMID- 4052509
TI  - [Effect of gangliosides on the cytotoxic activity of natural killers from Syrian
      hamsters].
AB  - The ability of various gangliosides to inhibit the cytotoxic activity of natural
      killers (NK-cells) from Syrian hamsters towards human lymphoma MOLT-4 cells was
      studied. The inhibitory effect was found to depend on the structure and
      concentration of the gangliosides. At concentrations corresponding to those in
      the blood of tumour-bearing hosts, SiaLacCer and Sia2LacCer inhibited the NK
      activity. A significant inhibition was also found for (NeuAc)2GgOse3Cer, whereas
      NeuGcGgOse3Cer and NeuAcGgOse4Cer were practically inactive. Previously it was
      shown that Sia2LacCer which is either absent or very low in normal blood, is
      produced by a number of tumours and that tumour cells "shed" considerable amounts
      of gangliosides. On this ground, it was proposed that elevated concentrations of
      SiaLacCer and Sia2LacCer in the blood of tumour-bearing animals may inhibit the
      NK-activity and thus contribute to the "escape" of tumour cells from host immune
      surveillance.

PMID- 4052510
TI  - [Primary structure of whale prolactin].
AB  - Two CNBr fragments of sea whale prolactin containing 69 and 41 amino acid
      residues, respectively, were hydrolyzed by trypsin, and the hydrolytic products
      were separated by the paper peptide mapping technique. The amino acid sequence of
      17 homogeneous peptides was studied by the Edman method as well as by hydrolysis
      with carboxypeptidases A and B. Based on the experimental data and the previously
      published results the primary structure of sea whale prolactin made up of 199
      amino acid residues was proposed.

PMID- 4052511
TI  - [Characteristics of palindromic sequences in DNA of the sea urchin
      Strongylocentrotus intermedius].
AB  - Some properties of the palindromic sequences in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus
      intermedius nuclear DNA have been studied. It was shown that the amount of
      "foldback HAP bound DNA" and the S1 nuclease resistant DNA depends on
      renaturation temperature and Na+ concentration in solution. The authentic
      fraction of inverted repeats comprises 10-15% of the total DNA. The complexity of
      the palindromic fraction is approximately 8,2 X 10(7) nucleotide pairs and the
      average number of inverted repeats approximates 5 X 10(5) per haploid genome. The
      renaturation kinetics of inverted repeats with excess of total homologous DNA
      indicates that these sequences are enriched with unique DNA. The possible
      function of palindromic sequences is discussed.

PMID- 4052512
TI  - [New trematode species from commercial fish of the Indian Ocean].
AB  - New for the science three trematode species are described--Aporocotyle
      nototheniae sp. nov., Prosorchis saicevi sp. nov., Pseudocardicola emmelichthy
      sp. nov.--from commercial fishes of the Indian Ocean. New genus Pseudocardicola
      gen. nov. and new subfamily Pseudocardicolinae subfam. nov. are substantiated for
      Pseudocardicola emmelichthy species. The differential diagnoses for all three
      trematode species are given.

PMID- 4052513
TI  - [Effect of novocaine block of limbic system formations of the brain, hypothalamus
      and reticular formation on evoked potentials in the ventrobasal thalamic nucleus
      of the rat].
AB  - The effect of novocain on evoked potentials (EP) recorded from the ventrobasal
      complex (VBC) of rats thalamus has been studied during a single pulse stimulation
      of the contralateral hind paw immobilized with curare. It has been established
      that significant sinchronized decrease of amplitudes of all the three early
      components of EP has been observed during the novocain administration in the
      reticular thalamic nucleus, lateral amygdaloid area and septum. During the
      blocking of the anterior and posterior hypothalamus the amplitude of the second
      negative component of EP in VBC decreases, while during the blocking of the
      dorsal hypothalamus an increase of the amplitudes of all the three early
      components of EP is mainly observed.

PMID- 4052514
TI  - [Changes in the level of seizure readiness of KM strain rats undergoing
      systematic stimulation by light and sound].
AB  - A possibility of reflex change in the rats seizure activity level of KM line in
      which an intensive sound causes epileptiform seizures has been studied.
      Interrupted light stimulation (non-specific for the given form of seizures) does
      not cause any seizures. It has been found however that the initial presentations
      of light stimulation favour the increase of seizure activity level in rats.
      Prolonged systematic stimulation by an intensive sound or by the light + sound
      complex cause a gradual drop in the seizure activity level. The light
      cancellation following a prolonged systematic stimulation by light + + sound
      causes a short-term rise in the seizure activity level.

PMID- 4052515
TI  - Development of sexual dimorphism in human urogenital sinus complex.
AB  - The histological differentiation of the human fetal prostatic urethra and the
      corresponding part of human fetal female urethra was studied during the 10th
      through 14th weeks of ovulation age. The development of all the prostatic glands
      started as epithelial outgrowths from the urethral wall of the urogenital sinus
      during the time covered in this study. These outgrowths grew rapidly in number
      and size, especially the posterior ones, and no outgrowths were seen from the
      paramesonephric and mesonephric ducts. However, the more columnar epithelial
      cells on the colliculus seminalis, from which the middle and posterior lobes
      developed, may be of different embryonic origin, e.g. mesonephric,
      paramesonephric and urethral, or may react differently to hormonal factors. The
      possible differences in the origin and in the morphological differentiation of
      the epithelial cells may give clues to the differences in localization of
      neoplastic changes in adult prostate. The gland formation was preceded by
      mesenchymal changes which progressed during acinic morphogenesis. Mesenchymal
      cells differentiated into fibroblasts forming a lamina propria the primitive
      acini. The mesenchymal differentiation in the corresponding part of the female
      urethra was not equally prominent. However, the increase in urethral epithelial
      cells density and cell size was more prominent in the females. These
      morphological differences might be regulated by sex steroids and further
      strengthen the current view of the role of the mesenchyme in the prostatic
      morphogenesis.

PMID- 4052516
TI  - Effects of cyclosporin A on fetal development in the rat.
AB  - The fetotoxicity of cyclosporin A (CsA) was examined in multiparous Sprague
      Dawley rats given the drug (25 mg/kg/day) during different phases of gestation,
      the effects on the outcome of pregnancy being ascertained on day 19. CsA given
      from days 1 to 7 caused a small but significant reduction in litter size, with no
      significant increase in the number of resorptions. When the drug was administered
      from day 8 to 14 there was no significant change in litter size, but a very
      striking increase in the incidence of resorptions. This fetotoxic effect was also
      evident but less marked when the drug was withheld until day 15. Reduction in
      fetal weight was only present in the group given CsA from days 8 to 14. In
      surviving fetuses the presence of focal decidual necrosis was more frequent in
      mothers receiving CsA, suggesting a possible mechanism whereby CsA may mediate
      its fetotoxic effects.

PMID- 4052517
TI  - Reversal of abnormal dexamethasone suppression test in alcoholics abstinent for
      four weeks.
AB  - Fourteen of 64 alcoholic inpatients (22%) showed a nonsuppression
      postdexamethasone response when tested between the second and fifth days of
      admission. No association with alterations of hepatic enzymes (GGT, SGOT, SGPT)
      was observed. At retest (in the fourth week of abstinence), no abnormal response
      to the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) was detected. The nonsuppressor
      alcoholics did not meet the criteria for major depression according to the
      Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC). The data indicate a lack of specificity of
      the DST for the diagnosis of depression in alcoholics during the first days of
      withdrawal.

PMID- 4052518
TI  - Differential EEG activation and pathological gambling.

PMID- 4052519
TI  - Platelet 3H-imipramine binding in depressed elderly patients.

PMID- 4052520
TI  - The dexamethasone suppression test in panic disorder: comparison with normal
      controls.

PMID- 4052521
TI  - Unchanged platelet 3H-imipramine binding in normal subjects after imipramine
      administration.

PMID- 4052522
TI  - Labile hypertension after antipsychotic drug withdrawal: a case report.

PMID- 4052523
TI  - Does lithium stabilize muscarinic receptors?

PMID- 4052524
TI  - B12 deficiency in presenile dementia.

PMID- 4052525
TI  - Effect of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone on sexual receptivity and neural progestin
      receptors in ovariectomized rats given pulsed estradiol.
AB  - Experiments were carried out to examine the mechanism whereby 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone (DHT) antagonizes the stimulatory effects of estrogen plus
      progesterone (P) on sexual receptivity (lordosis) in the ovariectomized rat.
      Estradiol (E2; 1 microgram s.c. in 10% ethanol) was administered in a
      discontinuous (pulsed) treatment regimen thought to mimic phase requirements of
      estrogen action; two injections of E2 were given either 6 or 12 h apart (first
      injection, Hour 0). Progesterone (0.5 mg in oil) was injected at Hour 20, and
      behavioral testing occurred at Hour 24. Dihydrotestosterone (2.5 mg s.c. in 10%
      ethanol/propylene glycol) inhibited lordosis when it was given before (-12 or -3
      h), between (+3, or -3 and +3 h), or after (+8 h) the two E2 injections, but was
      not effective when given at +20 h. Significant inhibition of E2 + P-induced
      lordosis was achieved by 2.5 but not 1.0 or 0.2 mg DHT at -3 h, while uterine
      weights in the same animals were reduced significantly by 2.5 and 1.0 mg DHT.
      Serum E2 and DHT concentrations peaked rapidly after injection, declining to near
      baseline by 3 and 12 h, respectively. Induction of cytosolic progestin receptors
      (cPR) in the preoptic area and medial basal hypothalamus by estrogen was not
      prevented by DHT when animals were given the two pulsed E2 injections or daily
      injections of estradiol benzoate, although P was able to override the inhibitory
      behavioral effects of DHT in the latter but not the former group.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052526
TI  - Effects of pH, lactate, and viscoelastic drag on sperm motility: a species
      comparison.
AB  - Little or no motility is observed when sperm from 5 mammalian species are
      incubated in vitro in their cauda epididymal fluid (CEF). We examined the effects
      of pH, lactate, and viscoelastic drag on sperm motility to determine whether
      these factors are responsible for this inhibition of motility. The pHs of CEF
      from bull, dog, rat, guinea pig, and hamster were 5.8, 6.2, 6.9, 6.9, and 7.2,
      respectively. The lactate concentration of epididymal semen collected from
      anesthetized animals ranged from 0.6 to 0.9, but increased almost 10-fold in
      samples from rats or dogs when measured 2 h postmortem. Increasing the pH of CEF
      to 7.0 resulted in the initiation of full motility for bull and dog sperm.
      Suspensions of sperm in buffer at various pHs (from 4.0 to 7.6) produced a
      sigmoidal motility curve for all species. All species, including bull and dog,
      showed almost full motility in buffer at a pH equal to the pH of their own CEF.
      Motility of bull and dog sperm showed greater inhibition with decreasing pH when
      suspended in CEF instead of buffer. The addition of 15 mM lactate, which has been
      shown to lower sperm intracellular pH, shifted the motility versus pH curves of
      all species toward higher pH. In bull and dog the addition of lactate produced a
      motility profile that was indistinguishable from that in their own CEF. The
      viscoelastic drag of the CEF of only two species, rat and hamster, was
      sufficiently high to inhibit sperm motility. We conclude that the low pH of the
      CEF from bulls and dogs plus the presence of lactate is sufficient to cause
      inhibition of motility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052527
TI  - Prolactin involvement in regulation of testicular 5 alpha-reductase activity in
      the immature rat.
AB  - Treatment of intact immature (25-day-old) rats with bromoergocryptine (BR), which
      suppressed prolactin (Prl) secretion, decreased testicular 5 alpha-reductase
      activity, whereas treatment with Prl increased the enzyme activity in BR-treated
      animals. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were not reduced by BR
      treatment or elevated by Prl, suggesting that the BR and Prl effects on enzyme
      activity were not due to alterations in LH secretion. Hypophysectomy (at 21 days
      of age) caused a dramatic decrease in testicular 5 alpha-reductase activity, and
      treatment with LH partially reversed this effect. Treatment of hypophysectomized
      animals with Prl alone had no effect on the enzyme activity but enhanced the
      effect of LH. Testosterone propionate, given to hypophysectomized animals in a
      regimen that increased testicular testosterone to concentrations at least as high
      as those in intact (sham-hypophysectomized) controls, had no effect on enzyme
      activity, whether given alone or in combination with LH. These results indicate
      that Prl is involved, along with LH, in maintaining the high 5 alpha-reductase
      activity of the prepubertal rat testis; the action of Prl, apparently requiring
      the presence of LH, may be to decrease the rate of degradation of the enzyme. The
      data also suggest that the action of LH on testicular 5 alpha-reductase activity
      is not mediated by its stimulation of testosterone production.

PMID- 4052528
TI  - Effect of short-term food deprivation on reproduction in female mice.
AB  - CF-1 female mice were subjected to 24 or 48 h of food deprivation beginning when
      they were in estrus or diestrus, or when they were 2 or 12 days pregnant, or on
      Days 2 or 12 of lactation. Ovulation was delayed by a week or more when 48 h of
      food deprivation was initiated when the female was in diestrus; lesser delays
      occurred when food deprivation began in estrus. There was little effect of acute
      food deprivation on pregnancy. Most females deprived of food beginning on Day 2
      of lactation ate their young, but females deprived on Day 12 of lactation rarely
      did so. These results are discussed in terms of the complexity of interacting
      factors that determine the degree to which each stage of the female's
      reproductive cycle is susceptible to disruption by acute food deprivation.

PMID- 4052529
TI  - Influence of day length and endocrine status on luteinizing hormone secretion in
      intact and ovariectomized adult ferrets.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the pituitary-ovarian relationship of
      both estrous and anestrous female ferrets. The endocrine status of the animals
      was induced by manipulating photoperiod: females in estrus were housed in long
      days (16L:8D); females in anestrus were housed in short days (8L:16D). For
      studies of intact animals in both photoperiods, plasma luteinizing hormone (LH)
      levels were quantified in blood samples collected from adult ferrets at 5-min
      intervals over a 24-h period. Similar groups of females (estrous and anestrous)
      were ovariectomized (while remaining in their assigned photoperiods) and blood
      samples were collected at 5-min intervals for 4-h periods on Days 1, 2, 4, 10,
      17, and 35 after ovariectomy. Intact, estrous females exhibited continuously low
      or undetectable levels of LH with no evidence of episodic secretion. Ovariectomy
      of these estrous animals resulted in rapid onset (within 24 h) of episodic LH
      secretion, with pulses occurring in excess of 1 pulse/h. No substantial further
      change in frequency or amplitude of pulses occurred in these females from 1 to 35
      days postovariectomy. In contrast, intact anestrous ferrets exhibited clear
      episodic LH secretion at a frequency of about 0.4 pulses/h. Removal of ovaries
      from these females caused no change in LH secretion for 24-48 h, after which LH
      pulses gradually increased in frequency. By 18 days after ovariectomy, LH
      patterns were indistinguishable among ovariectomized females in long and short
      days. These studies suggest a major site of ovarian negative feedback on LH
      secretion during anestrus is the hypothalamus, whereas the site of the ovarian
      feedback in estrous females is not yet evident.

PMID- 4052530
TI  - Plasma relaxin levels during suckling and oxytocin stimulation in the lactating
      sow.
AB  - Plasma relaxin levels were measured in animals at different stages of lactation
      and related to the amount of nuzzling and suckling behavior exhibited by the
      piglets. Only in some acute suckling episodes was relaxin secreted rapidly and
      episodically in spite of normal piglet and sow behavior and interaction. However,
      when the piglets were removed from the dams 6 h before suckling, the sows were
      very restless and the relaxin response to suckling was delayed. Oxytocin
      injection in lactating but nonsuckled sows caused an episodic secretion of
      relaxin similar to suckling itself. The source of relaxin in the lactating sow
      may be the old corpus luteum, since progesterone levels increased acutely,
      somewhat reflecting the profile of relaxin increase over the suckling episode.

PMID- 4052531
TI  - An autoradiographic study of rabbit ovarian surface epithelium before and after
      ovulation.
AB  - Morphologic studies suggest that the proliferative activity of the ovarian
      surface epithelium (OSE) may vary during the reproductive life cycle. To further
      investigate this phenomenon, rabbit ovaries obtained before and after induction
      of ovulation with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were incubated in medium
      containing 3H-methylthymidine and processed for autoradiography. Before
      ovulation, the labeling index (LI) of OSE cells varied from 0.04% to 0.22%.
      Twelve hours after hCG, the maximal LI (9.02 +/- 0.38%) was seen in OSE cells
      adjacent to the ovulatory stigma. The LI remained elevated at Days 1 and 5 post
      hCG in OSE cells overlying corpora lutea. At Day 12, numerous papillary processes
      were observed at the apex of each corpus luteum. The maximal LI (16.44 +/- 1.31%)
      had now shifted to the OSE cells covering these processes. Eighteen days after
      hCG stimulation, the LI of OSE cells near the corpora lutea had returned to
      preovulatory levels. A slight increase in the LI of OSE cells not associated with
      ovulatory sites was also observed after ovulation. This study shows that a
      significant fraction of OSE cells undergoes DNA synthesis throughout most of the
      postovulatory period.

PMID- 4052532
TI  - Characterization of proteins produced in vitro by bovine endometrial explants.
AB  - Endometrial tissues were obtained from 17 pregnant (P, estrus/mating = Day 0; Day
      16, n = 4; Day 19, n = 6; Day 22, n = 3; Day 24, n = 4) and six nonpregnant (NP;
      Day 16, n = 4; Day 19, n = 2) cattle, as well as from one cyclic (nonbred) cow
      (Day 4), one later-pregnant cow (Day 69), and both ligated and pregnant uterine
      horns of three unilaterally pregnant cattle (UP; Day 270). Tissues (approximately
      equal to 500 mg wet tissue/explant) were cultured for 24 or 48 h in modified
      minimal essential medium (MEM), in the presence of radioactive amino acid and/or
      amino sugar substrate(s) (L-[3H] leucine, L-[14C] leucine, and D-[3H]
      glucosamine), in order to characterize substrate uptake and de novo synthesis and
      release of proteins and polypeptides in vitro. Endometrial explants from all
      cattle produced proteins de novo from radiolabeled substrates. Chromatographic
      (gel filtration, cation, and anion exchange) and two-dimensional polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoretic analyses revealed complex patterns of primarily acidic
      radiolabeled polypeptides in dialyzed MEM, which were absent from endometrial
      tissue homogenates. No qualitative differences were noted in the array of
      proteins released into MEM associated with either pregnancy status (P vs. NP, UP)
      or stage of gestation (Days 16, 19, 22, 24, 69, and 270). Medium from all
      endometrial explants was enriched in polypeptides in four Mr (X 10(3)/pH classes
      (I, approximately equal to 14/greater than 7.2; II, 19-24/5.4-6.3; III, 28-31/6.9
      7.3; and IV, greater than or equal to 150/less than or equal to 5.1).

PMID- 4052533
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a macromolecular complex associated with the
      outer acrosomal membrane of bovine spermatozoa.
AB  - The acrosomal membrane of mammalian spermatozoa is segregated into domains of
      different structure and function. The outer acrosomal membrane of the apical and
      principal segments is the only domain to participate in the membrane fusion
      events of the acrosome reaction, but the molecular basis for this function is not
      resolved. In previous studies of bovine spermatozoa, we noted that a unique
      structural feature of the outer acrosomal membrane was an adherent layer of
      electron-dense material on its luminal surface (ES Surface, Branton et al.,
      1975). In this study, we report the isolation of this material and we describe
      both its structural and biochemical characteristics. Cauda epididymal spermatozoa
      were extracted with 1% Triton X-100 to solubilize cytoplasmic and membrane
      components; detergent treatment solubilized the outer acrosomal membrane but not
      its adherent electron-dense complex. Homogenization released this complex from
      the spermatozoa and it was then resolved into a homogeneous fraction by
      centrifugation on Percoll density gradients. Sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of this fraction revealed a spectrum of
      polypeptides including components of 290 kDa, 280 kDa, 260 kDa, 115 kDa, 81 kDa,
      58 kDa, and 46 kDa and a family of interrelated components in the 34-12 kDa
      range. This complex possesses protein kinase activity that phosphorylates
      specific endogeneous polypeptides in a cAMP-independent manner. In addition,
      several polypeptides of the 34-12 kDa family specifically bind 125I-calmodulin.
      One consistent structural response of the isolated complex was that its edges
      wound into a spiral configuration. We speculate that this membrane-associated
      assembly plays a functional role in the membrane fusion events of the acrosome
      reaction.

PMID- 4052534
TI  - Acoustic emission and mechanical properties of trabecular bone.
AB  - The mechanical properties of trabecular bone and a simple plug prosthetic system
      have been determined over a range of displacement from 0.1 to 5 mm/min. Acoustic
      emission, a technique which is capable of detecting dynamic processes within a
      material, was used to monitor the compression tests on the prosthetic system. It
      was found that the stiffness and strength of trabecular bone and the prosthetic
      system increased with increasing strain rate of testing. The acoustic emission
      results demonstrated that the improvement in mechanical behaviour at the fast
      strain rates was accompanied by a decrease in the extent of the failure of the
      trabeculae. The technique of activation analysis has been applied to the results
      in order to identify the rate controlling fracture mechanism. Finally, the
      strength of the prosthetic system was correlated with the shear and compressive
      strengths of trabecular bone.

PMID- 4052535
TI  - Infrared spectroscopic study of polymers exposed to ethylene oxide.
AB  - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been used to study thin polymer films
      exposed to ethylene oxide (EO). The i.r. technique represents a new way of
      studying this subject. The polymers studied were poly(vinyl chloride),
      polyethylene and polystyrene. They were exposed to EO, either in a small
      commercial EO-sterilizer which uses pure EO and operates at subatmospheric
      pressure, at a temperature of 37 or 55 degrees C, or under experimental
      laboratory conditions. The absorption and diffusion of EO in the polymers was
      studied. Potential reaction products, such as ethylene glycol and ethylene
      chlorohydrin, were looked for but could not be traced. The detection limit of the
      method was 1 ppm (microgram/g) EO. Typical spectra of the polymer films, before
      and after exposure to EO, are shown. Diffusion coefficients for poly(vinyl
      chloride) and polyethylene have been calculated.

PMID- 4052536
TI  - Oxy- and deoxyhaemoglobin adsorption onto glass and polymer surfaces.
AB  - The adsorption of deoxyhaemoglobin (deoxyHb) and oxyhaemoglobin (oxyHb) was
      determined on clean glass, n-pentyl triethoxysilane (NPS)-treated glass,
      polystyrene (PS), and a polyetherurethane (PEU). The adsorbed amounts range from
      0.1 to 0.6 micrograms/cm2 for oxyHb and from 0.3 to 0.7 micrograms/cm2 for
      deoxyHb. DeoxyHb adsorbs onto all these surfaces more than oxyHb. The more
      hydrophobic the surface, the more adsorption of both deoxy and oxyHb forms. These
      results suggest the oxyHb and deoxyHb interact differently with the surfaces
      studied. It is likely that the surface hydrophobicity of Hb plays a major role in
      Hb adsorption onto surfaces; the deoxyHb surface is more hydrophobic than the
      oxyHb surface. The binding sites for Hb adsorption may include the clefts between
      alpha 1, beta 1. A surface-induced dimerization mechanism is proposed to explain
      the adsorption of oxyHb.

PMID- 4052537
TI  - Preliminary studies of the histopathological responses to Ti-13% Cu casting
      alloys.
AB  - A preliminary study of some of the biological properties of a new dental casting
      alloy (Ti-13% Cu) was undertaken by employing the skeletal muscle implantation
      test in rabbits. Routine histopathological and chemical analysis techniques were
      utilized to study in vivo tissue reactions of skeletal muscle to this alloy. A
      moderately thick, somewhat cellular fibrous connective tissue capsule surrounded
      the implants after 2 wk. Remodelling of the fibrous tissue into a thin acellular
      tissue capsule occurred at 52 wk after implantation. Chemical analyses failed to
      detect deposition of either Ti or Cu corrosion products at the implant sites or
      within major organs.

PMID- 4052538
TI  - Colour stability and visual perception of dimethacrylate based dental composite
      resins.
AB  - The spectrophotometric method of colour measurement was applied to an
      investigation of the colour stability of dimethacrylate based composite resins
      exposed to thermal and photochemical aging. A good correlation was observed
      between visual perception of colour change and the spectrophotometric colour
      difference [delta E (FMC-2)] of unexposed and aged specimens, but 50% of the
      observers considered the colour match of two specimens to be clinically
      unacceptable when the colour difference exceeded 10.6. Kinetic studies of
      thermally and photochemically induced colour change showed a sigmoidal dependence
      of colour change on the logarithm of exposure time. Because the direction and
      magnitude of the colour change differed for the two procedures, it would appear
      that different mechanisms are involved.

PMID- 4052539
TI  - Corrosion of a stainless steel with low nickel content under static conditions.
AB  - The pattern of selective release of chromium, iron and molybdenum from a non
      prepassivated ferritic stainless steel, with the designation SS 2326 and a nickel
      content of 0.3%, has been measured in artificial saliva under static conditions
      using nuclear tracer and ESCA techniques. The ICP-method was used to detect
      nickel which was found only in one case. The release rate of chromium, iron and
      molybdenum showed a strong time-dependent decrease as a consequence of chromium
      enrichment in the surface. This was shown by ESCA-measurements. This kinetics is
      characteristic for a passivating alloy i.e. self passivation. In view of the low
      nickel content of the SS 2326 steel compared to conventional stainless steel, the
      material may possess potential for use as a dental or orthopaedic biomaterial.

PMID- 4052540
TI  - A scanning electron microscopy study of the interface between ceramics and bone.
AB  - By use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), together with energy dispersive
      chemical analysis, a study has been made of the comparison of an in vitro method
      of assessing interface reactions between bone and ceramic implants with the
      naturally occurring changes seen in the rat ear model. Interface reactions
      between bone and two ceramic materials were examined following 4 wk in culture
      and 4 wk implantation. In both cases a gradual chemical change occurred at the
      calcium silicate surface during the fibrous growth onto the ceramic material.
      Gradual mineralization of the connective fibres was found at the interface of the
      calcium silicate material, whereas, in the case of alumina ceramic a connective
      fibrous bond had formed with no associated chemical change at the ceramic
      surface.

PMID- 4052541
TI  - Heparinizable graft copolymers from chlorosulphonated polyethylene with
      poly(amido-amine) segments.
AB  - The synthesis and the physical characterization of three graft copolymers
      (PES/PAA) obtained from chlorosulphonated polyethylene (PECS) and three different
      secondary amino end-capped poly(amido-amine)s are reported. The properties of
      these heparinizable materials appear to be suitable for constructing prosthetic
      devices for biomedical use. The heparin adsorbing ability and the stability of
      the complex with heparin of the three copolymers have been evaluated, by means of
      biological tests, as activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) and Thrombin
      Time (TT).

PMID- 4052542
TI  - Promotion of bone dissolution by excessive fluoride in acidic buffer solution.
AB  - In order to quantitatively examine fluoride uptake by bone and the effect on its
      chemical and physical properties, rat bone was incubated in acidic buffer
      solutions (pH 5) with fluoride concentrations of 0-1000 ppm F. After 1 wk
      incubation, there was a substantial increase in the crystallinity of the bone
      mineral with increasing fluoride concentration in the solution. The calcium
      concentration in the solutions used for incubation decreased dramatically, with
      increased levels of fluoride in the solution, approaching a plateau. The
      phosphate concentration initially decreased, with increasing levels of fluoride
      in proportion to the decrease of calcium concentration, and then increased when
      the fluoride concentration of the solution was above 200-300 ppm. These
      phenomena, when considered with X-ray diffraction data, reflected the formation
      of CaF2. The increase of the phosphate concentration in the solution suggests
      that the presence of excessive fluoride in the acidic buffer solution may promote
      the dissolution of soluble bone apatites, in spite of the dissolution-preventive
      activity of fluoride.

PMID- 4052543
TI  - Drug release from acrylic polymers via channels and cracks: in vitro studies with
      hydrocortisone.
AB  - Release of hydrocortisone sodium succinate from acrylic resin was found to occur
      readily on elution in water at 37 degrees C. Increasing the degree of hydration
      of the acrylic resin by the addition of hydroxyethyl methacrylate impaired rather
      than enhanced the release of drug. The mechanism for the release of drug is
      believed to be surface release and drug dissolution into and diffusion via cracks
      and channels which are formed by incorporation of the drug, producing a 'drug
      modified polymer'. Diffusion through the polymer matrix is believed to be
      insignificant. The results obtained are discussed in relation to this proposed
      model for drug release. A simple method for the manufacture of the core of an
      intra-oral insert capable of delivering drugs with MW greater than 400 for
      systemic and topical oral drug delivery is described.

PMID- 4052544
TI  - Laminates composed of polypeptides and elastomers as a burn wound covering.
      Physicochemical properties.
AB  - Laminates of synthetic polypeptides and elastomers, have been prepared,
      characterized and evaluated in terms of their application as a burn wound
      covering. It was found that the oxidation of L-methionine(Met)-containing
      polypeptide films by hydrogen peroxide led to an increase in the water vapour
      transmission rates (WVTR's) of the films. Elastomeric films had high WVTR's and
      good tensile properties for wound covering. The laminates composed of oxidized
      Met-containing copolypeptides and polyurethane had high WVTR's (790-1050 g X m-2
      X day-1): for example, the laminate composed of an oxidized Met and N epsilon
      benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine containing copolypeptide and polyurethane had high
      WVTR (960 g X m- X d-1) and large elongation (556%), also the cohesion between
      the two layers of this laminate was strong even after autoclaving. These
      characteristics seem to be very attractive for the possible application of
      laminates to wound covering. In addition the method of measuring WVTR is
      discussed.

PMID- 4052545
TI  - Heparin-like activity of insoluble sulphonated polystyrene resins. Part I:
      Influence of the surface density, nature and binding of substituted anionic
      groups.
AB  - It was previously demonstrated that copolystyrene (sulphonate-amino acid
      sulphamide) resins possessed an anticoagulant heparin-like activity in the
      presence of blood plasma. Taking into account the variable surfaces of swollen
      resins developed by these dry resins, it is now shown that the antithrombic
      activity of crosslinked sulphonated polystyrene is linearly dependent on the
      surface density of the sulphonate groups. This fact implies that the presence of
      such isolated groups is sufficient to obtain a catalytic site for increasing the
      rate of inactivation of thrombin by plasmatic proteins. It is also shown that
      replacing sulphonate groups either by directly backbone-bonded carboxylate groups
      or by methionine linked by amide bonds to polystyrene backbone is not sufficient
      to endow the resulting resins with a significant anticoagulant activity.

PMID- 4052546
TI  - Application of a vascular graft material (Solcograft-P) in experimental surgery.
AB  - The implantation and post-implantation behaviour of a Solcograft-P vascular
      prosthesis in the aortic, aorto-iliac, carotid and vena caval positions in dogs
      was studied up to 100 d post-surgery in order to assess the suitability of this
      vascular material for use in man. Solcograft-P is prepared from the carotid
      arteries of calves by crosslinking the collagen stroma using adipyl dichloride.
      During the postoperative follow-up period of 3 month, 100% of the aortal grafts,
      80% of the aorto-iliac bypasses, 60% of the vena caval grafts and 35% of the
      carotid implants remained patent. The biochemical properties of the Solcograft-P
      are better than those of Solcograft, its predecessor. The intimal lining was
      consistently smooth and homogeneous in grafts of biological origin, and no
      aneurysm was observed. Infection and early thrombosis occured no more frequently
      than with other grafts. The new Solcograft-P, crosslinked via ester and amide
      groups, seems to represent a real improvement over Solcograft. Our results
      suggest that Solcograft-P should prove valuable in various cases of
      reconstructive vascular surgery of the lower limb, especially when the autologous
      vena saphena magna is not available, and its mechanical properties may well prove
      suitable for both arterial and venous replacement.

PMID- 4052547
TI  - Protein adsorption on hydrogels. II. Reversible and irreversible interactions
      between lysozyme and soft contact lens surfaces.
AB  - Lysozyme was adsorbed on spin cast and lathe cut soft contact lenses of poly-2
      hydroxyethylmethacrylate (PHEMA) and on poly-HEMA-methacrylic acid (PHEMA/MAA).
      The in vitro adsorption process was followed by ATR-FTIR. Lysozyme adsorbs both,
      reversibly and irreversibly, on the surfaces. While the reversible bound lysozyme
      experiences only minor changes in its secondary structure, conformational changes
      occur for the irreversibly adsorbed protein. The type and extent of structural
      changes depend on the degree of protein coverage on the lens surface, as well as
      the chemical structure and surface morphology of the lenses. PHEMA/MAA lenses
      adsorbed thirty times more lysozyme than either of the PHEMA lenses. Fabrication
      processes appear to induce different adsorption behaviour, PHEMA lathe cut lenses
      adsorb twice the amount of protein compared with PHEMA spin cast lenses.

PMID- 4052548
TI  - Biocompatibility testing of prosthetic implant materials by cell cultures.
AB  - The main aspects of biocompatibility are discussed first then the methodology
      used and the results obtained. The cells used included epithelial cells,
      lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages. The most commonly used methods were
      morphological observation, radioactive tracer uptake, and chemotactic migration
      analysis. It is concluded that cell cultures are a reliable and sensitive method
      for initial screening in testing the biocompatibility of the materials used in
      the construction of prosthetic implants.

PMID- 4052549
TI  - Non-epidermally induced failure modes of percutaneous devices.
AB  - Biological spacers were used to prevent epidermally induced failure modes of
      percutaneous devices in dogs. The implants, however, can still fail due to
      infection or mechanical trauma (avulsion). The pathophysiology of these failure
      modes, using Dacron velour covered Silastic implants, was investigated. In view
      of species differences between dogs and humans, further investigations are needed
      before the relevance of these findings can be extended to possible clinical
      (human) applications.

PMID- 4052550
TI  - A model for recording mercury release from an amalgam surface.
AB  - The release rate of mercury from a conventional, a dispersed phase or a spherical
      high copper content amalgam under static conditions in stimulated or artificial
      saliva has been measured and found to decrease approximately exponentially with
      time. A higher initial release rate was observed for mercury in stimulated saliva
      than in artificial saliva during the in vitro experiments. In a pilot study
      corrosion current was recorded from an amalgam specimen immersed in saliva, and
      was found to decrease approximately exponentially with time. After brushing the
      surface of the amalgam during two subsequent periods, in a manner similar to
      toothbrushing, an increase in corrosion current was measured indicating the
      removal of loosely bound corrosion products. A model describing the periodical
      mercury release from an amalgam surface has been proposed.

PMID- 4052551
TI  - Regurgitation and orifice area of bioprostheses for mitral valve replacement.

PMID- 4052552
TI  - [Test arrangement for the objective measurement of accommodative convergence
      movements and the subjective measurement of accommodation of the eye].

PMID- 4052553
TI  - [Hydrodynamic studies of normal and pathologically changed bioprostheses in the
      aortic position].

PMID- 4052554
TI  - [Forearm crutches: determination of test parameters through evaluation of a field
      study].

PMID- 4052555
TI  - [Bioactivated metal endoprosthesis for cement-free fixation in the bony stratum-
      animal experiments].

PMID- 4052556
TI  - [Study of pursuit eye movements using an electronic row of lights].

PMID- 4052557
TI  - A conformational study of the opioid peptide dermorphin by one-dimensional and
      two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - Dermorphin, a natural peptide opioid containing a D-Ala2 residue, has been
      studied in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution by means of several one-dimensional
      and two-dimensional 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods at various fields
      from 80 to 600 MHz. The combined use of conventional NMR parameters and of
      nuclear Overhauser effect effects points to an essentially extended structure.
      This conformation may be, in part, the result of strong interaction of the amide
      groups with DMSO molecules.

PMID- 4052558
TI  - Photoconversion from the light-adapted to the dark-adapted state of
      bacteriorhodopsin.
AB  - Dark and light adaptation of bacteriorhodopsin in purple membrane multilayers at
      less than 100% relative humidity differs from that seen in suspensions.
      Equilibrium between the two bacteriorhodopsin isomers (bR cis 550 and bR trans
      570) in the light-adapted state becomes dependent on the wavelength of actinic
      light. Excitation at the red edge of the visible absorption band causes dark
      adaptation in a light-adapted sample. Using polarized actinic and measuring
      light, we show that acceleration of the dark adaptation through heating by
      actinic light cannot explain this observation. A light-driven bR trans 570 to bR
      cis 550 reaction that competes with the well-known 13 cis-to-all-trans light
      adaptation reaction must exist under our experimental conditions. Trans-to-cis
      conversion is a one-photon process distinct from the two photon process observed
      by others in purple membrane suspensions (Sperling, W., C. N. Rafferty, K. D.
      Kohl, and N. A. Dencher, 1978, FEBS (Fed. Eur. Biochem. Soc.) Lett. 97:129-132).
      Its quantum efficiency increases monotonously on reducing the hydration level,
      and is paralleled by an increase in the lifetime of the M410 intermediate of the
      trans photocycle. We suggest that at this point a branch leads from the all-trans
      into the 13-cis photocycle. It is probably the same reaction that causes the
      reduced light adaptation in monomeric bacteriorhodopsin (Casadio, R., H.
      Gutowitz, P. Mowery, M. Taylor, and W. Stoeckenius, 1980, Biochim. Biophys. Acta.
      590:13-23; Casadio, R., and W. Stoeckenius, 1980, Biochemistry. 19:3374-3381).

PMID- 4052559
TI  - Membrane structural domains. Resolution limits using diphenylhexatriene
      fluorescence decay.
AB  - Measurement of multiple fluorescence decay times of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene
      (DPH) in membranes can in principle be used to investigate structural domains of
      lipid bilayers. To assess the feasibility of this approach using phase and
      modulation techniques, we reduced experimental errors specifically associated
      with performing these measurements on membrane suspensions (probe self-quenching,
      background fluorescence, turbidity-induced artifacts) and determined empirically
      the level of precision thereby obtainable. Next we used these precision limits in
      theoretical calculations to conclude that the ratio of two coexisting decay times
      must exceed 1.3 if they are to be resolved with reliable accuracy. To demonstrate
      that such resolutions could be accomplished experimentally in membrane
      suspensions, three approaches were taken. First, the fluorescence decay of
      aqueous quinine sulfate quenched by chloride ion was resolved from that of
      membrane-associated DPH as long as the lifetime ratios of these two fluorophores
      exceeded the predicted value. Second, populations of DPH-containing lipid
      vesicles with single (or nearly single) decay times were mixed together, and when
      there were only two major lifetime components that differed by more than 30%, the
      resulting heterogeneous fluorescence could be resolved into the two expected
      lifetime components. Finally, DPH fluorescence decay measurements were correlated
      with phase behavior in well-characterized lipid systems, revealing a short
      lifetime component of DPH fluorescence associated with gel-phase lipid vesicles.
      From these studies, we conclude that only in special cases can co-existing gel
      and fluid phases be resolved by means of DPH lifetime heterogeneity, within the
      limits of precision defined herein.

PMID- 4052560
TI  - Binding features of diacetylmorphine (heroin) in whole blood and in blood
      fractions.
AB  - Binding features of heroin in whole blood and in blood fractions were delineated
      by measuring the selective spin-lattice relaxation rates of heroin protons in
      physiologic conditions. Interaction with some receptor located in the whole human
      blood or in the human plasma was detected and the apparent binding constant
      calculated (K = 39 mol-1 dm3). Inferences about molecular dynamics of the bound
      heroin could be also gained.

PMID- 4052561
TI  - Conformational kinetics of triligated hemoglobin.
AB  - We have used the method of modulated excitation (Ferrone, F.A., and J.J.
      Hopfield, 1976, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 73:4497-4501), with an improved
      apparatus and a revised analytical procedure, to measure the rate of
      conformational change between the oxy (R) and deoxy (T) conformations of
      triligated carboxy-hemoglobin A at pH 6.5 and 7.0. We have found the rates to be
      kRT = 1.2 X 10(3) s-1 and kTR = 3.5 X 10(3) s-1 for pH 6.5, while for pH 7.0, kRT
      = 1.0 X 10(3) s-1, and kTR = 3.0 X 10(3) s-1. The value for L3, the equilibrium
      constant between conformations, was virtually unchanged between pH 6.5 and 7.0.
      While the rates measured here differ from those obtained in the original use of
      this method, these new rates are fully consistent with the original data when
      analyzed by the revised procedures presented here. When taken with other kinetic
      and equilibrium data, our measurements suggest that the transition state between
      structures is dominated by the behavior of the T quaternary structure. Finally, a
      spectral feature near the HbCO Soret peak has been observed that we ascribe to an
      allosteric perturbation of the spectra of the liganded hemes.

PMID- 4052562
TI  - Interrelationships between the phase diagrams of the two-component phospholipid
      bilayers.
AB  - Basic relationships between the phase diagrams, previously considered independent
      of each other, are described. Phase diagrams of two-component
      phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylcholine (PC/PC),
      phosphatidylethanolamine/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE/PE), and PC/PE lipid
      membranes are systematically investigated by means of the Landau theory. While
      gradually changing the chain length of one of the components, a characteristic
      peritectic-miscible-azeotropic-semiazeotropic-eutectic (P-M-A-S-E) series of the
      phase diagram was found in the PC/PE system and a peritectic-miscible-one
      component-miscible-peritectic (P-M-O-M-P) series was found in the PC/PC and PE/PE
      systems. These serial catastrophic changes in the phase diagrams could be
      explained by the fusion and birth of the mixed phase regions in the phase
      diagram. Finally when we constructed the superdiagrams, we obtained all of the
      possible series of the phase diagrams in a wide class of the two-component
      mixtures. Moreover, one can predict the type of the phase diagram when the
      components r and p contain equal-length saturated hydrocarbon chains. Depending
      on the relationships between the chain lengths (L, Lp) and that on the phase
      transition temperatures of the pure components (Tr, Tp), the system is: miscible
      (M), if 0 < Tr(L) - Tp(L) < 5 degrees C and L -Lp > 0, azeotropic (A), if 0 <
      T,(L) - Tp(L) < 5 degrees C and L -Lp < 0, peritectic (P), if T,(L) - Tp(L) > 40
      degrees C and L -Lp - 0, eutectic (E), if Tr(L) - Tp(L) >40 degrees C and L - Lp
      <0,while it is M or P if 5 degrees C< Tr(L) - Tp(L) <40 degrees C and L - Lp>
      0,and E,S,or Aif 5 degrees C < Tr(L) - Tp(L) < 40 degrees C and L,-Lp < 0.

PMID- 4052563
TI  - Low-frequency motions in protein molecules. Beta-sheet and beta-barrel.
AB  - Low-frequency internal motions in protein molecules play a key role in biological
      functions. Based on previous work with alpha-helical structure, the quasi
      continuum model is extended to the beta-structure, another fundamental element in
      protein molecules. In terms of the equations derived here, one can easily
      calculate the low-frequency wave number of a beta-sheet in an accordionlike
      motion, and the low-frequency wave number of a beta-barrel in a breathing motion.
      The calculated results for immunoglobulin G and concanavalin A agree well with
      the observations. These findings further verify that the observed low-frequency
      motion (or the so-called dominant low-frequency mode) in a protein molecule is
      essentially governed by the collective fluctuations of its weak bonds, especially
      hydrogen bonds, and the internal displacement of the massive atoms therein, as
      described by the quasi-continuum model.

PMID- 4052564
TI  - A model for the diffusion of fluorescent probes in the septate giant axon of
      earthworm. Axoplasmic diffusion and junctional membrane permeability.
AB  - The diffusion of the three fluorescent probes dichlorofluorescein,
      carboxyfluorescein, and Lucifer Yellow within the septate median giant axon of
      the earthworm was monitored using fluorometric methods. A diffusion model was
      derived that allowed computation of the apparent axoplasmic diffusion
      coefficient, junctional membrane permeability (septal membranes), and plasma
      membrane permeability for each probe. Dichlorofluorescein and carboxyfluorescein
      have similar apparent axoplasmic diffusion coefficients, which were reduced by a
      factor of eight relative to that predicted from the Einstein-Stokes equation.
      Nonspecific reversible binding appears to be the major cause of the retarded
      diffusion coefficients. Junctional membrane permeability for dichlorofluorescein
      was 4.7 to 73-fold greater than that for carboxyfluorescein. This difference
      could not be explained on the basis of molecular size but can be explained by the
      difference in charge between the two molecules. Diffusion coefficients and
      junctional membrane permeabilities remained constant with time for both dyes. The
      diffusion of Lucifer Yellow within the axoplasm and permeability through the
      junctional membranes did not remain constant with time but declined. From this it
      was inferred that Lucifer Yellow experienced a slow, irreversible binding to
      axoplasmic elements. All three probes had finite plasma membrane permeabilities.

PMID- 4052565
TI  - Fluorimetric detection of phospholipid vesicles bound to planar phospholipid
      membranes.
AB  - The first step in the fusion of two phospholipid membranes culminates in the
      aggregation of the two lipid bilayers. We have used a custom-built fluorimeter to
      detect multilamellar vesicles (liposomes) containing the fluorescent dye, 6
      carboxyfluorescein (6-CF), bound to a planar lipid bilayer (BLM). Liposomes were
      added to one side of the BLM, and unbound vesicles were perfused out. This left a
      residual fluorescence from the BLM, but only when the membranes contained anionic
      lipids, and then only when millimolar levels of calcium were present. This
      residual fluorescence was consistently detected only when calcium was included in
      the buffer during the perfusion. This residual fluorescence originated from
      liposomes bound to the BLM. Breaking the BLM or lysing the adsorbed vesicles with
      distilled water abolished it. free 6-CF and/or calcium in the absence of
      liposomes resulted in no residual fluorescence. No residual fluorescence was
      detected when both the liposomes and the BLM were composed entirely of
      zwitterionic lipids. This was found to result from the insensitivity of the
      fluorimeter to a small number of liposomes adsorbed to the BLM. For this system,
      we conclude that calcium is necessary for both the initiation and maintenance of
      the state in which the vesicle membrane is bound to the planar bilayer when the
      membranes contain negatively charged lipids. This attachment is stronger than the
      interaction between zwitterionic membranes.

PMID- 4052566
TI  - 14N1H and 2H1H cross-relaxation in hydrated proteins.
AB  - The frequency dependence of the proton spin-lattice relaxation time T1 of solid
      hydrated bovine serum albumin and alpha-chymotrypsin has been measured over 4.5
      decades in the range 10(4) to 3 X 10(8) Hz mainly by the aid of the field-cycling
      technique. The comparison between H2O- and D2O-hydrated samples permitted the
      distinction of exchangeable and unexchangeable protons. In all cases the 14N1H
      cross-relaxation dips due mainly to the amide groups have been observed. In
      addition, in the case of the deuterium exchanged proteins a 2H1H quadrupole dip
      appears. The amide groups act as relaxation sinks due to the coupling of the
      amide proton to 14N and adjacent protons. Outside of the dip regions the proton
      proton coupling dominates. The fluctuations of the 14N1H and 1H1H interactions
      are of a different type. The unexchangeable protons show a T1 dispersion outside
      of the quadrupole dip regions given by the exceptional power law T1 approximately
      v0.75 +/- 0.05. It is shown that apart from structural information of the 14N
      spectra, 14N1H cross-relaxation spectroscopy permits the determination of
      correlation times in the range 10(-7) s less than tau less than 10(-4)S.

PMID- 4052567
TI  - Diffusion of molecules on biological membranes of nonplanar form. II. Diffusion
      anisotropy.
AB  - Molecules diffusing on nonplanar membranes, which have different amounts of
      corrugation in different directions, may experience dissimilar diffusion
      coefficients in each direction. Smith et al. (1979, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
      76:5641-5644) measured diffusion anisotropy on fibroblast cell membranes in which
      the ratio of the diffusion coefficients, in different directions, was 0.27. In
      the present work we calculate the effect of anisotropic corrugation on the rate
      of diffusion of molecules on membranes. We find that part of the anisotropy
      reported by Smith et al. (1979, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 76:5641-5644) can be
      explained by the membrane nonplanarity, and we present the way of calculating
      this geometric factor.

PMID- 4052568
TI  - Cross polarization P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance of phospholipids.
AB  - P-31 single-pulse and cross-polarization (CP) nuclear magnetic resonance spectra
      were obtained of aqueous dispersions of pure phospholipids. Dimyristoyl
      phosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl
      phosphatidylcholine, egg phosphatidylcholine, bovine brain sphingomyelin, and
      transphosphatidylated (from egg phosphatidylcholine) phosphatidylethanolamine
      were studied. The spectra from all the phospholipids, taken in the usual single
      pulse mode, showed the pseudo-axially symmetric powder pattern typical of
      phospholipids in a hydrated lamellar form. P-31 CP spectra of all the
      phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamine revealed a decrease in
      intensity in the vicinity of the isotropic chemical shift as long as the lipid
      was above the gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition temperature. This
      intensity pattern has been observed previously for C-13 CP spectra of molecules
      rotating rapidly about a single well-defined axis (e.g., solid benzene) (Pines,
      A., M.G. Gibby, and J.S. Waugh, 1973, J. Chem. Phys., 59:569-590). Pure lipid
      dispersions below their gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition temperature,
      including dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin, do not exhibit a
      local minimum in the CP spectrum at the position of the isotropic chemical shift.
      Thus, below the phase transition temperature, there is not the same rapid
      rotation of the headgroup about a well-defined axis. A dramatic change in the
      rate of headgroup rotation is shown to take place at the pretransition of
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. P-31 CP spectra were also obtained for bovine rod
      outer segment disk membranes, rabbit muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes, a
      total lipid extract of the latter, and a recombined membrane containing human
      erythrocyte glycophorin. The CP spectra were similar to the single-pulse spectra,
      indicating a substantial difference in behavior from pure phospholipid
      dispersions. This is interpreted in terms of a slower headgroup rotation.

PMID- 4052569
TI  - Time-resolved fluorescence polarization from ordered biological assemblies.
AB  - We calculate the time dependence of the polarized fluorescence signal from
      fluorescent-labeled elements of a biological assembly that are rotationally
      diffusing in an arbitrary three-dimensional angular potential. We have formulated
      this calculation using the model-independent description of the angular potential
      wherein the angular potential is described by an expansion in a complete set of
      orthonormal functions with the expansion coefficients (or order parameters)
      determined by time-independent methods (Burghardt, T. P., 1984, Biopolymers,
      23:2382-2406). We have applied the calculation to fluorescent-labeled myosin
      cross-bridges in relaxed muscle fibers. In a related paper we describe the
      experimental observation of the myosin cross-bridges rotationally diffusing in an
      angular potential (Burghardt, T. P., and N. L. Thompson, 1985, Biochemistry,
      24:3731-3735).

PMID- 4052570
TI  - Nanosecond dynamics of charged fluorescent probes at the polar interface of a
      membrane phospholipid bilayer.
AB  - Molecular relaxation fluorescence methods were applied to analyze the nature and
      characteristic times of motions of amphiphilic molecules absorbed in the polar
      region of a phospholipid bilayer. The fluorescence probes 2-toluidinonaphthalene
      6-sulfonate and 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate in egg phosphatidylcholine
      vesicles were studied. The methods of edge excitation fluorescence red shifts,
      nanosecond time-resolved spectroscopy, fluorescence quenching by hydrophilic and
      hydrophobic quenchers and emission wavelength dependence of polarization were
      used. The structural (dipolar) relaxation is shown to be a very rapid
      (subnanosecond) process. The observed nanosecond phenomena are related to
      translational movement of the chromophore itself towards a more polar environment
      and its rotation. The polar surface area of the phospholipid membrane appears to
      be a highly mobile liquid-like system.

PMID- 4052571
TI  - A comparative quantum chemical study of methyl acetate and S-methyl thioacetate.
      Toward an understanding of the biochemical reactivity of esters of coenzyme A.
AB  - The electronic structures of methyl acetate and S-methyl thioacetate and the
      corresponding anions have been investigated using the INDO-MO method. Equilibrium
      geometries, gas-phase anion proton affinities and barriers to internal rotation
      have been computed. Analysis of the effect of the d-type functions on sulfur on
      the static and dynamic properties of the thioester and its anion reveal no role
      for (p-d) pi conjugative effects. The results of this work indicate that the
      unique properties of thioester, and hence esters of coenzyme A, may be attributed
      to the lack of resonance, rather than to a sulfur d-orbital expansion.

PMID- 4052573
TI  - On the rotational brownian motion of a bacterial idle motor. II. Theory of
      fluorescence correlation spectroscopy.
AB  - The photon flux autocorrelation function of a fluorescent label attached to a
      bacterial motor shaft is calculated for the case in which the bacterial motor is
      considered to be actively but idly rotating. It is shown that even when the
      fluorescent label has a very short lifetime, fluorescence correlation
      spectroscopy should provide a useful tool for determining the rate of revolution
      of the bacterial motor under various solution conditions.

PMID- 4052572
TI  - Elastic properties of bacterial flagellar filaments. II. Determination of the
      modulus of rigidity.
AB  - Elongation of a helical bacterial flagellar filament subjected to fluid flow was
      calculated on the assumption that one end of the filament is firmly attached to a
      substratum. It was found that the quantity [E(d/2 pi r)2 + 2 mu] could be
      determined by measuring the elongation at various flow rates, where E is Young's
      modulus, mu the modulus of rigidity, r the radius of the helix, and d the helical
      pitch. Experiments were carried out to determine the above quantity for
      Salmonella flagellar filaments assuming a close-coil form. Because the above
      quantity is almost equal to 2 mu for a helical form with a large radius/pitch
      ratio, we were able to determine the modulus of rigidity for this kind of
      flagellar filament from plots of elongation vs. flow rates. The modulus of
      rigidity was determined to be about 1 X 10(11) dyn/cm2, i.e., 2 orders of
      magnitude larger than the previously estimated value.

PMID- 4052574
TI  - Fluorescence quenching of the buried tryptophan residue of cod parvalbumin.
AB  - Cod parvalbumin (isotype III) is a single tryptophan-containing protein. The
      fluorescence characteristics of this tryptophan residue (lambda em approximately
      315 nm) suggest that it is buried from solvent and that it is located in an
      apolar core of the protein. Solute quenching studies of the tryptophan
      fluorescence of parvalbumin reveal dynamic quenching rate constants, kq, of 1.1 X
      10(8) and 2.3 X 10(9) M-1 s-1 (at 25 degrees C) with acrylamide and oxygen,
      respectively, as quenchers. From temperature dependence studies, activation
      energies of 6.5 +/- 1.5 and 6.0 +/- 0.5 kcal/mol are found for acrylamide and
      oxygen quenching. The kq for acrylamide quenching is found to be relatively
      unchanged (+/- 10%) by an 8-fold increase in the bulk viscosity (glycerol/water
      mixture). These temperature and viscosity studies argue that the acrylamide
      quenching process involves a dynamic penetration of the quencher, facilitated by
      fluctuations in the protein's structure.

PMID- 4052575
TI  - Thermodynamics of the conversion of fumarate to L-(-)-malate.
AB  - The thermodynamics of the conversion of aqueous fumarate to L-(-)-malate has been
      investigated using both heat conduction microcalorimetry and a gas
      chromatographic method for determining equilibrium constants. The reaction was
      carried out in aqueous Tris-HCl buffer over the pH range 6.3-8.0, the temperature
      range 25-47 degrees C, and at ionic strengths varying from 0.0005 to 0.62 mol kg
      1. Measured enthalpies and equilibrium ratios have been adjusted to zero ionic
      strength and corrected for ionization effects to obtain the following standard
      state values for the conversion of aqueous fumarate 2- to malate 2- at 25 degrees
      C: K = 4.20 +/- 0.05, delta G degrees = -3557 +/- 30 J mol-1, delta H degrees = 
      15670 +/- 150 J mol-1, and delta C degrees p = -36 +/- J mol-1 K-1. Equations are
      given which allow one to calculate the combined effects of pH and temperature on
      equilibrium constants and enthalpies of this reaction.

PMID- 4052576
TI  - The biological functions of low-frequency vibrations (phonons) 5. A
      phenomenological theory.
AB  - Low-frequency internal motions of a biomacromolecule are thought to possess
      significant biological function from the dynamic point of view. In this paper, a
      general phenomenological theory is established by which it is clearly verified
      that low-frequency resonance plays a central role in the energy transmission
      required during the cooperative interaction between subunits in a protein
      oligomer. According to the present theory, it is found that the energy
      transmission between a pair of diagonal subunits in a protein oligomer with a
      polygon arrangement is the most efficient, so as to in a sense further predict
      that after a ligand is bound to a subunit by random collision, its diagonal
      subunit in the same protein oligomer will possess the greatest probability of
      binding with the next ligand. Furthermore, based on the concept of the 'resonance
      controlled trigger' derived from the phenomenological theory, it is feasible to
      estimate the lower time limit of allosteric transition from one subunit to the
      other. Such a time limit depends on the dominant low-frequency mode of each
      subunit, the ratio of the coupling force constant to the corresponding inherent
      force constant, as well as the geometrical arrangement of subunits in a protein
      oligomer. So far none of the allosteric transitions observed in proteins has
      exceeded the time limit as defined here, indicating a logical consistency between
      our theory and the experiments.

PMID- 4052577
TI  - The mechanism of ion polarisation along DNA double helices.
AB  - The orientation curves of short DNA fragments induced by electric field pulses
      are measured with high time resolution and analysed by efficient deconvolution
      techniques. A small, but clearly detectable delay of the 'on-field' orientation
      can be described accurately by the superposition of two exponential processes
      with opposite amplitudes. The time constant of the faster process is around 10 ns
      and the slower one in the range 50-1000 ns depending upon the electric field
      strength and chain length of the DNA fragment. The relation between amplitudes
      and time constants observed for each curve corresponds exactly to that expected
      for a convolution of two processes, where the first process is without optical
      response and becomes detectable only via the optical response of the second
      process. These results indicate that the first process reflects the polarisation
      of the ion atmosphere required for the second process of the orientation.
      Measurements at different ion concentrations c demonstrate that the reciprocal
      time constant of the fast process is a linear function of c and thus is
      consistent with an association reaction. The association rate constant evaluated
      from this dependence according to a simple bimolecular reaction model is 8 X
      10(9) M-1 s-1 for a 95 base-pair fragment and is consistent with binding of Na+
      to the helix, a reaction close to the limit of diffusion control. The association
      rate constant is almost independent of the electric field strength E, while the
      dissociation rate constant k- strongly increases with E, indicating dissociation
      of ions at high E values. The data suggest a linear correlation between log(k-)
      and E2 corresponding to a reaction driven by a dipole change. The apparent dipole
      change evaluated from this dependence is in the order of magnitude estimated for
      an elementary step of ion dissociation at one end of the helices. The combined
      results obtained from the polarisation and the orientation mechanism can be
      explained by dissociation of surprisingly few counterions biased towards one end
      of the helices. The experimental data obtained for a 76 base-pair fragment are
      analogous to those for the 95 base-pair fragment, whereas the 'slow' ion
      polarisation has not been detected for a fragment with 27 base-pairs. This result
      together with those obtained for the longer fragments at low field strengths
      indicate that there is a fast polarisation mechanism without 'ion dissociation'
      at low chain lengths and for low electric field strengths. This mechanism is
      replaced at high chain lengths and/or high electric field strengths by the ion
      dissociation mechanism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4052578
TI  - Temperature-dependent optical rotatory dispersion properties of helical muscle
      proteins and homopolymers.

PMID- 4052579
TI  - Conformational analysis of cholecystokinin fragments CCK4, CCK5, and CCK6 by 1H
      NMR spectroscopy and fluorescence-transfer measurements.

PMID- 4052580
TI  - Flexibility and length of human bronchial mucin studied using low-shear
      viscometry, birefringence relaxation analysis, and electron microscopy.

PMID- 4052581
TI  - The role of hydrophobic bonding in collagen fibril formation: a quantitative
      model.

PMID- 4052582
TI  - Structural analysis of carboxypeptidase A and its complexes with inhibitors as a
      basis for modeling enzyme recognition and specificity.

PMID- 4052583
TI  - Segmental flexibility in pig immunoglobulin G studied by neutron spin-echo
      technique.

PMID- 4052584
TI  - Solid-state conformation of some basic sequential polypeptides.

PMID- 4052585
TI  - Unified representation of helical parameters: application to polysaccharides.

PMID- 4052586
TI  - Thermodynamics of the helix-coil transition in polypeptides in mixed organic
      solvents: the influence of inert solvent and side chain.

PMID- 4052587
TI  - An A-form poly(dG).poly(dC) in H2O solution.

PMID- 4052588
TI  - Demonstration of the interaction of cysteamine with DNA using 23Na NMR technique.

PMID- 4052589
TI  - Proteinoid microspheres more stable in hot than in cold water.
AB  - The occurrence of organisms of primitive appearance near submarine hydrothermal
      vents has indicated sea-floor conditions that are like those under which
      proteinoid microspheres are produced in the laboratory. Experimental examination
      of the question of whether some proteinoid microspheres might be stable in hot
      water has revealed proteinoids that are soluble in cold water but precipitate on
      heating. Unanswered questions are discussed.

PMID- 4052590
TI  - Excitable cell made of thermal proteinoids.
AB  - Such phenomena as electrical polarization across the membrane, electrical
      discharges, current-voltage characteristics, negative resistance and some light
      characteristics are described for synthetic cells made of thermal proteinoids.
      The thermal proteinoid cell is considered as a structural and functional model of
      the excitable natural cell.

PMID- 4052591
TI  - Conformational relationships between amino acids and their anticodons in the
      primitive decoding system.
AB  - Detailed calculations of the conformational characteristics of a primitive
      decoding system are presented. A penta-nucleotide serves as the primitive tRNA
      (PIT) with a triplet of primitive anticodon (PAC) in a helical conformation. This
      molecular moiety has a cleft in the middle. An amino acid can comfortably nestle
      into the cleft. The conformation of this molecular association is stabilised by a
      few hydrogen bonds. The stereochemistry of the moiety restricts the
      conformational possibilities and the sidechain of the amino acid gets oriented at
      a proper position and in the correct direction to interact intimately with the
      PAC in the middle of the PIT. The model favours L-amino acids for beta-D
      ribonucleotides. The location of the sidechain of the amino acid in the PIT gives
      a raison d'etre for the important features of the organisation of nucleotide
      triplets for amino acids in the Genetic Code. The interaction of a few key amino
      acids with the different combinations of bases as PAC sequences has been studied
      and the stereochemical basis for the selection of the anticodons for amino acids
      is elucidated.

PMID- 4052593
TI  - Women's health: research for the future.

PMID- 4052592
TI  - Heliobacterium and the origin of chrysoplasts.
AB  - Chrysoplasts, golden-yellow and brown photosynthetic membrane-bounded plastids,
      photosynthetic organelles of algae such as phaeophytes (brown seaweeds),
      bacillariophytes (diatoms) and chrysophytes (golden-yellow algae including
      silicoflagellates), are hypothesized to have originated from brownish
      photoheterotrophic bacteria such as the newly discovered anaerobic nitrogen
      fixing Heliobacterium. The consequences of this hypothesis as well as the data
      required to verify or disprove it are presented.

PMID- 4052594
TI  - OGN nursing research directions: the health policy perspective.

PMID- 4052595
TI  - Making a case for studying the ecologic niche of the newborn.
AB  - A major focus of theory building in nursing relates to further conceptualization
      of human-environmental interaction and multidimensional systems that support or
      do not support health. There is a growing body of knowledge regarding the newborn
      and his skills, and the transactions and interactions between the newborn and his
      environment. The newborn cannot be considered in isolation from his environment
      for it is this interaction with the environment that provides opportunities for
      organization of his behavior, physiologic functions, and regulatory processes.
      The caregiving environment and the newborn's interactions with this environment
      form the ecologic niche of the newborn; one that will enhance or impede the
      infant's behavioral differentiation and organization, early adaptations, later
      development, and the infant's interactions with his parents and other caregivers.

PMID- 4052596
TI  - Research attitudes, activities, and competence of OGN nurses.

PMID- 4052597
TI  - [Noninvasive quantitative determination of the modulus of characteristic
      impedance of human limb arteries].
AB  - A noninvasive method of quantitative evaluation of characteristic impedance
      modulus of human limb arteries based on blood pressure and blood vessel volume
      parameters is described. The differences in the value of characteristic impedance
      modulus in the upper and lower limb arteries in supine and resting subjects have
      been shown. Under postural effects the impedance changes in the lower limb
      arteries are proportional to those of mean blood pressure in these vessels. No
      significant impedance alterations on effort have been observed in these arteries.
      The impedance of the upper limb arteries increased in passive orthostatic
      position and after physical exercises of the lower limbs. Characteristic
      impedance modulus of these arteries decreased after physical exercises of the
      upper limbs.

PMID- 4052598
TI  - [Indices of hormonal regulation of water-electrolyte metabolism and reception of
      cyclic AMP in the kidney papilla of rats during cold adaptation].
AB  - Antidiuretic hormone plasma concentration and urine aldosterone excretion
      decrease during adaptation to cold in rats. At the same time diuresis and
      natriuresis considerably increase. Specific 3H-cAMP kidney papilla cytosol
      binding enhances significantly in cold adapted rats. Alterations in hormonal
      regulation of fluid-electrolyte metabolism may be regarded as homeostatic
      response aimed at stabilization of hydration level in conditions of cold
      hypermetabolism.

PMID- 4052599
TI  - [A possible principle of kinesthetic compensation].
AB  - The movement of the cat forelimb was studied under the conditions of complete
      transection of the classical somatosensory pathways from the limb to the cortex
      of the contralateral hemisphere. It was demonstrated that in animals with the
      intact system of the somatosensory (kinesthetic) feedback, the parameters of the
      same memorized movement varied widely from response to response whereas the
      exclusion of lemniscus projections from the control system led to the poor
      movement pattern and to the appearance of motor stereotypy. The hypothesis is
      advanced that deficit of kinesthetic information in this case is compensated for
      not only by the other intact connections of the kinesthetic analyzer but also due
      to the conversion of the nervous system to the central-programmed level control
      which itself demands less participation of the somatosensory feedback. The non
      crossed projections of the kinesthetic analyzer are capable of forming and
      correcting this program and of ensuring the effect afferentation as well. The
      same principle of the functioning may take place in any compensatory
      reconstructions in the CNS.

PMID- 4052601
TI  - [Prognostic value of determining the succinate dehydrogenase activity of
      lymphocytes and the therapeutic effectiveness of sodium succinate in
      resuscitation of rats].
AB  - In the experiments on male rats recovered after clinical death caused by acute
      hemorrhage and mechanical asphyxia undulatory changes of lymphocyte succinate
      dehydrogenase activity were revealed: enzyme inhibition during clinical death,
      activation in the first minutes of resuscitation with subsequent moderate
      reduction in activity. Lymphocyte succinate dehydrogenase activity was shown to
      be a reliable prognostic criterion. Pre-injection of sodium succinate at a dose
      of 20 mg/kg improved considerably the resuscitation results especially during the
      first two days of rehabilitation period.

PMID- 4052600
TI  - [Mechanism of the protective effect of adaptation to hypoxia on the development
      of allergic arthritis].
AB  - It has been established that adaptation of Wistar rats to high-altitude hypoxia
      led to a reduction of inflammatory lesions occurring in adjuvant arthritis. It
      has been shown that the mechanisms associated with a decrease in the content of
      mediators (serotonin, histamine) of the chemical and pathophysiological stages of
      allergic reactions formation in the adapted animals underlie the protective
      effect of adaptation. Adaptation to hypoxia appreciably lowered the sensitivity
      of the sensitized rats to serotonin.

PMID- 4052602
TI  - [Effect of destruction of the hippocampus and caudate nucleus on the development
      of epileptic activity during corazole kindling].
AB  - Experiments were carried out on random-bred white rats (250-350 g). Kindling was
      induced by daily intraperitoneal corazol injections in subthreshold
      (subconvulsive) doses (30 mg/kg). It has been demonstrated that bilateral
      hippocampal destruction did not change the seizure threshold, while bilateral
      caudate nucleus destruction lowered it. Hippocampal destruction delayed corazol
      kindling development and also accelerated the lowering of seizure susceptibility
      after corazol injections were discontinued, as compared to control animals.
      Caudate nucleus destruction induced more marked seizure reactions in the first 14
      days after corazol injections were started. There were no significant differences
      in seizure manifestation severity in kindled and control groups. These data point
      to an essential role of caudate nucleus as an element of antiepileptic system and
      support the concept that hippocampus plays a role of pathologic determinant which
      is associated with the formation of an epileptic system underlying corazol
      kindling.

PMID- 4052603
TI  - [Characteristics of the activation of rabbit platelets induced by 1-O-alkyl-2-O
      acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (platelet activation factor)].
AB  - A study was made of the action of alkyl acetylglycerophosphocholine, a semi
      synthetic platelet activation factor. The compound was shown to have both marked
      aggregation activity and to interact with serotonin granules (5-HT-organelles) of
      the cells, inducing the release of the fluorescent marker acridine orange. Some
      features of the platelet aggregation factor interaction with platelet rich plasma
      suggest that the latter contains enzymes inducing degradation of the factor.

PMID- 4052604
TI  - [Lipid peroxidation in tissues during subliminal electrostimulation of limbic
      system structures in the brain].
AB  - The experiments on rats have shown that during prolonged subliminal
      electrostimulation of limbic brain system structures peroxidation is enhanced in
      the blood and tissues (myocardium, liver, parodontium), with it being realized
      via activation of sympathoadrenal and hypothalamo-hypophyseal systems and
      stipulated by the failure of physiologic antioxidative mechanisms.

PMID- 4052605
TI  - [Status and reaction to anoxia of rat fetuses developing in conditions of
      placental insufficiency].
AB  - Significant adverse correlation of the fetus mass and the degree of its hydration
      was noted at term in rats with placental insufficiency induced by ligation of
      about 40% of preplacental vessels on the 16th day of gestation. Disorders
      revealed in transplacental water-salt metabolism are apparently of some
      importance for the pathogenesis of fetal growth retardation. Even moderate
      retardation alters fetal respiratory activity in anoxia, which is associated with
      the changes in the function of respiratory centres and neuromuscular
      abnormalities.

PMID- 4052606
TI  - [Nature of the relation between contractile activity indices of the left and
      right heart ventricles in normal and pathological conditions].
AB  - Positive correlations were established between contractile activity of left and
      right rabbit ventricles in normal conditions, reflecting synchronous activity of
      both heart ventricles. These correlations could be broken in case of pathology
      due to disturbances of adaptation mechanisms resulting in the impairment of heart
      functioning.

PMID- 4052607
TI  - [Inhibition by cysteine of the carbohydrate-binding activity of lectins from
      Ricinus communis, Canavalia ensiformis and Euonymus europaeus].
AB  - Precipitation induced by different lectins has been studied in the presence of
      some aminoacids. It was shown that precipitates formed by lectins from Ricinus
      communis (RCA1), Canavalia ensiformis (Con A), Euonymus europaeus (Eel) in the
      presence of appropriate carbohydrate-containing molecules disappeared after
      cysteine addition, like after addition of specific carbohydrate precipitation
      inhibitors. It is assumed that cysteine residues of RCA1, Con A and Eel lectins
      are essential for their carbohydrate binding activity.

PMID- 4052608
TI  - [Intracellular distribution of estradiol and estrogen binding sites in the uterus
      and oviducts of the green monkey (Cercopithecus griseus)].
AB  - Plasma estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) concentrations, E2 and estrogen
      binding sites (EBS) content in the uterus and oviducts of green monkey
      (Cercopithecus griseus) were measured during different phases of the menstrual
      cycle. Plasma E2 and P patterns were practically identical to those of African
      Asian monkeys and humans. The E2 and EBS levels in various subcellular fractions
      were also determined. The correlations between these parameters were shown to be
      in accordance with the active mass law for monomolecular interaction at
      equilibrium state and might vary at different phases of the cycle. The alteration
      is probably attributable to variations in the activity of estrogen-receptor
      interaction during the menstrual cycle.

PMID- 4052609
TI  - [Phylo- and ontogenic characteristics of lipid peroxidation in the retina of
      vertebrates].
AB  - Phylo- and ontogenetic aspects of lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme
      system in the retina of vertebrates were studied. It was established that both
      the intensity of lipid peroxidation and the activity of glutathione peroxidase in
      the retina of different vertebrate animals (carp, frog, tortoise, pigeon, rabbit)
      considerably diminished with evolution. The differences in the intensity of lipid
      peroxidation and the activity of glutathione peroxidase between dark- and light
      adapted retinas also decreased depending on the level of the development. The
      activity of glutathione peroxidase in the retina of chick embryos was found only
      at the end of the incubation period.

PMID- 4052610
TI  - [Effect of a pulsed magnetic field on corneal permeability and the sorption
      properties of tissue structures and refractive media of the eye].
AB  - Using the radioactive indication method, it was shown that pulse magnetic field
      (magnetic induction value in the pulse 8.5 mT, frequency 50 Hz, square pulse
      length 0.02 sec) increased corneal permiability and drug accumulation within some
      tissue structures and in the refractory eye media.

PMID- 4052611
TI  - [Removal of monomeric 239Pu from bones and liver by liposome-encapsulated
      pentacin].
AB  - Dependence of monomeric 239Pu removal from the liver and skeleton by liposome
      encapsulated pentacine on dose and concentration of encapsulated chelate was
      studied in rats. It has been shown that the liposome-encapsulated pentacine (LP)
      removed 1.5-2.5 times as much 239Pu as free chelate (FP). Dose-effect dependences
      were logarithmic. The distinction between LP and FP in 239Pu removal from the
      liver was maximum when chelate had been used in a dose of 50 mumol/kg, with the
      dose effect upon injection in a large number of liposomes (200 mumol of
      lipids/kg) being 1.8 times as high as upon injection in smaller number of
      liposomes (50 mumol/kg). LP doses varying from 100 to 400 mumol/kg, there were no
      differences between two types of LP; with a LP dose of 400 mumol/kg its action is
      a bit stronger than that of the chelate. The distinction between LP and FP in
      239Pu removal from the skeleton is the greatest with chelate doses exceeding 100
      mumol/kg. The use of liposomes in combination with concentrated chelate solution
      is more effective. Possible interpretation of the features revealed are
      discussed.

PMID- 4052612
TI  - [Lipid peroxidation in external and internal mitochondrial membranes during
      anoxia].
AB  - Accumulation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products was investigated in external
      and internal membranes of mitochondria with anoxia. The increase in LPO intensity
      in mitochondria membranes during hypoxia was shown to be more expressed in
      external membranes, with an active involvement of phospholipase A2 in the process
      revealed. Greater LPO intensity and lability of lysosomal membranes caused by
      contacts with mitochondria with anoxia have been established.

PMID- 4052613
TI  - [Effect of glutathione on choleragenic diarrhea and disorders of the antioxidant
      system of rat intestinal and liver cells].
AB  - The effects of reduced glutathione on the development of choleragenic diarrhea
      and the activity of glutathione transferase (GT), glutathione peroxidase (GP-GTB
      and GP-H2O2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) in the small
      intestine and liver of rats with experimentally ligated jejunal loop have been
      studied. Diarrhea syndrome was found to decrease markedly after glutathione
      administration in a dose of 1 g/kg bw. GR activity in the jejunum and liver of
      rats treated with toxin and the following glutathione administration rose by 210
      and 186%, respectively, and then reached the control level. Glutathione
      transferase activity in the jejunum increased by 150% (P less than 0.05),
      remaining, however, lower than the control values. The activity of other enzymes
      tested was unchanged. Polyfunctional cellular activity of glutathione suggests
      that antidiarrhea effect should be considered as an element of pathogenetic
      therapy.

PMID- 4052614
TI  - [Interaction of psychotropic preparations with model lipid membranes].
AB  - Interaction of psychotropic drugs with model phosphatidylcholine membranes was
      investigated by fluorescent probes. The data obtained indicate different affinity
      of the drugs for phosphatidylcholine. The tranquilizers were not bound to the
      model membranes. The antidepressants were localized in the lipid polar groups
      area whereas the neuroleptics in the lipid polar groups area and deeper regions
      of the lipid bilayer.

PMID- 4052615
TI  - [Formation of cells secreting antigen-dependent nonspecific immunoglobulins
      during immunization of mice with 2 T-independent antigens].
AB  - Immunization of BALB/c and C3H/A mice with T-independent antigens (Vi-antigen of
      Salmonella typhi and polyvinyl pyrrolidone PVP350) induces the appearance of both
      antibody-forming cells (AFC) and a sharp increase in the number of cells forming
      nonspecific immunoglobulins (nIFC). This effect is not related to mitogenic
      properties of the antigens. The number of nIFC formed after simultaneous
      injection of both T-independent antigens does not differ from that of nIFC formed
      during immunization with each of these antigens alone. Thus, there was no
      summation of nIFC number after injection of two T-dependent or one T-dependent
      and one T-independent antigens. The mechanisms of nIFC formation under the
      influence of T-dependent and T-independent antigens are discussed.

PMID- 4052616
TI  - [Reaction of rat pulmonary macrophages to stimulation by zymosan].
AB  - Female Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g received 0.1 mg/g of zymosan particles
      intravenously. 2 days later the foci consisting of accumulated mononuclears
      developed in the lungs. On day 5 after zymosan injection they assumed granulocyte
      like appearance. This coincided with more than three-fold increase of
      interstitial lung macrophages over-loaded with colloidal carbon particles. The
      delivery of cells into alveolar space also increased two-fold on the 2nd and
      three-fold on the 5th day after stimulation due to an influx of monocyte
      macrophage elements. The clearance rate of inert colloidal particles through
      mononuclear phagocyte system increased more than two-fold on the 2nd and three
      fold on the 5th day following stimulation. The initial figures were restored by
      day 14. Thus, activated macrophages play an essential role in mononuclear
      infiltration of the lung. The specificity of infiltrate development may be
      evaluated by the cellular content of bronchoalveolar washouts.

PMID- 4052617
TI  - [Lymphocyte migration in syngeneic lymph node implants].
AB  - Lymph nodes implanted subcutaneously to syngeneic recipients were shown to
      regenerate after mass cell destruction. Regenerated lymphoid tissue has a
      resemblance to the cortical zone of intact lymph nodes. Microenvironment of
      regenerated lymphoid tissue provides homing of lymphocytes. However, migration of
      51Cr-labelled lymphocytes to implants declined drastically, as compared to
      lymphocyte migration to intact lymph nodes. Attenuation of proliferative activity
      and the data of morphological analysis indicate a more prolonged retention of
      lymphocytes in implanted lymph nodes. The results obtained could be attributable
      to only partial recovery of sinus and vessel systems regulating the inflow and
      outflow of lymphocytes in lymph nodes.

PMID- 4052618
TI  - [Erythrocyte-damaging and immunomodulating effect of retinoids].
AB  - The influence of retinyl acetate, retinoic acid and its esterified cis- and trans
      derivatives, retinoids C15 and C20 on erythrocytes, liver macrophages and white
      pulp of the spleen was studied in the experiments on mice of different strains.
      It was found that administration of these compounds leads to the damage of the
      blood cells, increase in the number of liver macrophages and the share of white
      pulp in the spleen and stimulation of the local response to tuberculin. The
      interdependence of changes in the blood and adjuvant is suggested.

PMID- 4052619
TI  - [Central cholinolytic effect of tropane derivatives: structure-activity
      relationship].
AB  - The effect of two tropane derivatives on the electric neuronal activity in
      sensorimotor cortex was studied in rabbits using microiontophoretic method.
      Unlike atropine they lack aryl and hydroxyl, but possess morpholine and
      piperazine. The effects of both drugs were opposite to those of acetylcholine.
      Simultaneous application of tropane derivatives and acetylcholine to one neuron
      decreased both excitatory and inhibitory neuronal responses to acetylcholine. It
      is concluded that aryl and hydroxyl are not necessary for tropane derivatives to
      reveal their central cholinolytic activity.

PMID- 4052620
TI  - [Migration activity of peritoneal exudate cells of Syrian hamsters at different
      times after suppression of their natural resistance to tumors].
AB  - A study was made of migration activity (MA) of peritoneal macrophages of Syrian
      hamsters after depression of their antitumor natural resistance (NR) induced by
      injection by heat-inactivated tumor cells. The MA and depression of NR were most
      pronounced between day 14 and day 20 after inoculation of the animals with
      inactivated tumor cells of E-1 and STHE-LM8 tumor cells. Inoculation of the
      hamsters with heat-inactivated tumor cells of another strain (parenteral STHE)
      did not induce NR depression or enhanced MA of peritoneal macrophages of the
      treated animals. It is concluded that depression of antitumor NR essential for
      tumor induction and growth is apparently connected with alterations in the
      functional activity of macrophages, possibly with their suppressor activity.

PMID- 4052621
TI  - [Chronotoxicity of cyclophosphane under different lighting conditions].
AB  - Study of the chronotoxicity of cyclophosphamide injected to mice at 18, 24, 6 and
      12 o'clock has shown that animals kept under the conditions of natural changes of
      day and night showed the circadian rhythm of the drug toxicity with the maximal
      survival of the animals after injection at 24 and 6 o'clock and with the minimal
      survival after injection at 18 o'clock. In animals maintained under the
      conditions of artificial constant light the toxicity rhythm was perversed within
      the first hours after injection and improved on subsequent observation. Moreover
      the earlier death was marked in these animals.

PMID- 4052622
TI  - [Morphology of a neonatal umbilical vein graft under prolonged experimental
      conditions].
AB  - The authors carried out a comparative histological and electron microscopic study
      of the bioprosthesis of the umbilical vein (Biograft manufactured by Meadox) and
      bioprosthesis obtained according to the method by M. I. Kuzin and coworkers. A
      far greater preservation of the new bioprosthesis was observed at long-term
      periods both at the histological and ultrastructural levels. Some morphological
      phenomena reflecting the time course of the vessel graft rearrangement were
      delineated 18 to 24 months after transplantation, particularly the development of
      "collateral" vessels in the perivenous space. The suggestion was made about an
      important role of Wharton's substance in the formation of the vessels.

PMID- 4052623
TI  - [Structure of the tissue adjacent to the electrode in the case of an extremely
      low threshold of cardial electrostimulation].
AB  - The authors present the data of the histological structure of the dog heart
      tissue adjacent to the electrode tip following a ten-month period of electrical
      stimulation by means of an implanted graphited porous endocardial electrode and a
      pacemaker of the alternating polarity. The reason for performing such an
      histological investigation was an extremely low chronic threshold of heart
      electrostimulation, amounting to 0.35 V with the stimulus duration 1 ms. The
      structural features of the tissues as viewed by the authors, consist in (1) the
      thinning of the fibrous capsule of the electrode tip; (2) the presence of a zone
      adjacent to the electrode, with this zone being rich in the liquid component of
      the intercellular substance; (3) the formation of a conspicuous radix of the
      fibrous capsule, penetrating into the depth of the myocardium.

PMID- 4052624
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes in the red muscle fibers of the quadriceps muscle of the
      rat femur during increased motor activity].
AB  - Experiments on rats were made to study the effect of physical exercise running in
      a treadbahn on ultrastructure of skeletal muscle fibers. The biphasic mechanism
      of muscle contractile activity was shown. The processes of destruction occurring
      in red muscle fibers of the intensely working quadriceps femoris were manifested
      by enlargement of T system and sarcoplasmic reticulum elements, mitochondrial
      matrix swelling, cryst destruction, vacuolar degeneration of part of the
      mitochondria, and destruction of individual myofibrils. In addition to
      destructive changes, the muscle exhibited the recovery processes--physiological
      regeneration. Those processes included large accumulations of the mitochondria
      beneath the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, the presence of small mitochondria,
      division of the mitochondria, transformation of myosatellitocytes to myoblasts,
      the presence of centrioles in endotheliocytes, and so forth.

PMID- 4052625
TI  - [Ultrastructure of hepatocytes after local cooling of the liver].
AB  - Electron-microscopic and stereometric study of hepatocyte ultrastructure with
      local liver cooling to -30 degrees C have been performed using the method of
      vital fixation by rat liver perfusion. Quantitative and qualitative data obtained
      testify to the presence of destructive changes in hepatocytes immediately after
      thawing expressed in hyaloplasm lightening, formation of cavities in cytoplasm
      and injury of mitochondria membrane and endoplasmic reticulum integrity. Changes
      in nuclear structure of hepatocytes and Kupffer cells (widening of nuclear pores
      and channels in condensed chromatine, as well as the presence of ribosomal
      complexes in the nucleus and edge position of the nucleolus) may be connected
      with the beginning of the reparation process.

PMID- 4052626
TI  - [Experimental staphylococcal sepsis].
AB  - Experimental staphylococcal sepsis has been examined in the model suggested by
      the authors. Staphylococcus aureus culture in a 10% CaCl2 solution was injected
      intramuscularly to 230 adult albino rats. Fundamental signs of sepsis have been
      revealed: increased mortality (up to 28% in rats weighing 120-140 g) from day 1
      to day 45 after infection, development of local infectious foci, bacteremia,
      septicemia and septicopyemia. The authors describe severe dystrophic changes in
      septic emboli and bacterial colonies in different organs.

PMID- 4052627
TI  - Homozygous transcobalamin II deficiency maintained on oral hydroxocobalamin.
AB  - A case of transcobalamin II (TCII) deficiency in which a total absence of TCII
      was demonstrated both functionally and immunologically is reported. Unlike
      previously described patients, this child has been maintained on oral
      hydroxocobalamin, 2 mg daily, without any parenteral supplementation for the last
      five years. At the age of six years her development is normal and her health is
      good. Plasma cobalamin levels are in the range of 3,000 ng/L and most of this
      appears to be bound to a molecule, which on gel filtration, elutes with albumin.
      In an extended family study, a clear separation of heterozygotes from both the
      propositus and from normal subjects suggests that the underlying defect in this
      condition is confined to a single gene.

PMID- 4052628
TI  - beta 2-Glycoprotein I: a plasma inhibitor of the contact activation of the
      intrinsic blood coagulation pathway.
AB  - The general hypothesis for the biological function of beta 2-glycoprotein I is
      that it neutralizes all negatively charged macromolecules that might enter the
      bloodstream and diminishes unwanted activation of the blood coagulation. In the
      present study we report that beta 2-glycoprotein I inhibits the activation of the
      contact phase system of the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. Activation
      was accomplished by an ellagic acid-phospholipid suspension (Cephotest) and
      measured by the appearance of amidolytic activity using the chromogenic substrate
      H-D-Pro-Phe-Arg-p-nitroanilide (S-2302). This inhibitory effect of beta 2
      glycoprotein I was observed both when Cephotest was preincubated with beta 2
      glycoprotein I and when the amount of beta 2-glycoprotein I in plasma was
      increased by addition of beta 2-glycoprotein I to either normal or beta 2
      glycoprotein I-deficient plasma. The inhibitory effect of beta 2-glycoprotein I
      on the contact phase activation could be one of the physiological functions of
      this protein.

PMID- 4052629
TI  - Platelet kinetics in patients with bone marrow hypoplasia: evidence for a fixed
      platelet requirement.
AB  - We have studied 16 normal subjects and 27 patients with stable, untreated
      thrombocytopenia secondary to bone marrow failure and platelet counts ranging
      from 12,000 to 70,000/microL. Autologous platelets were labeled with 51Cr for
      measurement of mean platelet life span in the normal subjects and in 20 patients.
      Labeled donor cells were used in the remaining subjects. Platelet survival, as
      determined with both autologous and homologous platelets, correlated directly
      with platelet count in the thrombocytopenic patients. Platelet life span was only
      modestly reduced in patients having counts in the range of 50,000 to
      100,000/microL (7.0 +/- 1.5 days v 9.6 +/- 0.6; P less than .01) but was markedly
      reduced when the count fell below 50,000/microL (5.1 +/- 1.9 days, P less than
      .001). The recovery of donor platelets in severely thrombocytopenic recipients
      (60% +/- 15%) was equivalent to control values (66% +/- 8%; P greater than .2).
      The recovery of autologous platelets was normal when the platelet count exceeded
      50,000/microL (74% +/- 15%) but was reduced in patients with lower counts (50% +/
      22%; P less than .01). All patient and normal data were well correlated by a
      model predicting a maximum platelet life span of 10 1/2 days and a fixed
      requirement for 7,100 platelets per microliter of blood per day, or about 18% of
      the normal rate of platelet turnover, which averaged 41,200 platelets per
      microliter per day. We conclude that although relatively few platelets are used
      to support vascular integrity, this requirement is reflected by a reduced
      platelet life span in marrow hypoplasia and may contribute to the shortening of
      platelet survival observed in other thrombocytopenias.

PMID- 4052630
TI  - Half-lives of beta and gamma globin messenger RNAs and of protein synthetic
      capacity in cultured human reticulocytes.
AB  - The turnover rates of beta and gamma globin messenger RNAs and of beta and gamma
      globin protein synthesis in human reticulocytes have been measured. Our goal was
      to determine whether beta globin mRNA is significantly more stable than gamma
      globin mRNA during the final stages of erythroid cell maturation. Such a result
      could explain the reported increase in the beta-gamma protein synthetic ratio
      during erythroid maturation. As determined by molecular hybridization and cell
      free translation assays, the half-lives of both mRNAs are 20 to 29 hours in adult
      and neonatal reticulocytes. Protein synthetic capacity in intact cells decays
      with a half-life of six to eight hours, but beta protein synthesis declines at
      the same rate as gamma. Therefore, the changing ratio of fetal to adult
      hemoglobin synthesis during late erythroid maturation does not result from
      differences in mRNA turnover rates or changes in translation efficiencies. These
      data, coupled with those obtained with immature erythroid cells (Farquhar et al,
      Dev Biol 85: 403, 1981), suggest that, during erythroid maturation, the gamma
      beta globin protein synthesis ratio declines because gamma gene transcription
      ceases earlier than beta gene transcription. Our results also indicate that the
      protein synthetic machinery, not the quantity of mRNA, becomes rate-limiting for
      globin production in cultured reticulocytes.

PMID- 4052631
TI  - Turnover of the methyl moiety of 5-methyltetrahydropteroylglutamic acid in the
      cobalamin-inactivated rat.
AB  - The metabolism of the methyl group of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate was studied in
      rats in which cobalamin had been inactivated by exposure to nitrous oxide and in
      air-breathing control animals. Methylfolate labeled with [14C] in the methyl
      group and with [3H] in the pteridine-PABA portion was injected and the
      disappearance of [14C]H3- relative to [3H]folate was measured in liver. The half
      time of the methyl group in the livers of control rats was two hours. There was
      no turnover of the methyl group for the first 72 hours after cobalamin
      inactivation. After 72 hours, there was a slow turnover of the methyl group, with
      a half-time of 43 hours. In control rats, it is assumed that the methyl group was
      metabolized by transfer to homocysteine to form methionine. In cobalamin
      inactivated rats, it was shown that methylfolate was used as the substrate for
      forming folate polyglutamate, and analogues with 3, 4, and 5 glutamic acid
      residues were present. It is likely that oxidation of the methyl group by
      methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase occurs from folate polyglutamate containing
      six and seven glutamic acid residues, (Brody et al, Biochemistry 21: 276, 1982),
      since we were unable to demonstrate labeled methyl in longer chain analogues.

PMID- 4052632
TI  - Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia: antibody binding specificity to platelet
      antigens.
AB  - Sera from four patients with heparin-associated thrombocytopenia (HAT) were
      evaluated by a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect
      heparin-dependent serum platelet-bindable immunoglobulin (S-PBIg) and by Western
      blotting and immunoprecipitation to investigate the specificity of the antibody
      binding. All HAT sera showed mildly increased S-PBIg (mean, 7.8 fg per platelet;
      normal, less than 6.0 fg per platelet) to intact target platelets in the ELISA,
      which was markedly increased in the presence of heparin (mean, 20.9 fg per
      platelet). This increase was 20-fold greater than normal control sera, which
      showed a mean differential increase of only 0.5 fg per platelet. Immunoglobulin
      binding specificity to platelet antigens was investigated using sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of platelet lysate with transfer of
      the platelet fractions onto nitrocellulose strips (Western blotting) and
      subsequent immunoassay using HAT and normal sera. In the presence of heparin, the
      four HAT patients demonstrated increased binding of immunoglobulin to platelet
      antigens of apparent molecular weights of 180, 124, and 82 kd. Radiolabeled
      heparin when incubated with HAT sera, normal sera, or albumin blanks bound to
      platelet proteins of the same apparent molecular weights. These observations are
      consistent with current hypotheses suggesting that HAT antibody is directed to
      heparin-platelet complexes or, alternatively, that heparin induces conformational
      change of antigenic sites on the platelet membrane.

PMID- 4052633
TI  - The kinetics of inhibition of thrombin by antithrombin in the presence of
      components of the hemostatic system.
AB  - The inhibition of human thrombin by antithrombin has been measured in pure
      systems in the presence of other components of the hemostatic system that might
      affect the kinetics of the reaction. These included fibrinogen, calcium ions,
      phospholipid, prothrombin, platelets (both adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-stimulated
      and -unstimulated), and platelet extracts. Inhibition rates were measured in each
      case by a discontinuous amidolytic assay over a range of antithrombin
      concentrations, from 0 to 4.5 mumol/L. Under all conditions, rates of inhibition
      were proportional to antithrombin concentration. Calcium ions at 5 mmol/L caused
      a small (20%) reduction in rate, but phospholipid and prothrombin had no
      additional effect. In contrast, both fibrinogen and platelets significantly
      changed the rate of inhibition. In the presence of calcium, fibrinogen at
      concentrations from 0 to 12 mumol/L reduced the rate of inhibition in a
      competitive manner, giving an apparent Kd for fibrinogen of 6.0 mumol/L. As the
      plasma fibrinogen level is about 8 mumol/L, one may therefore predict that
      variations in fibrinogen level will have a significant effect on the rate of
      thrombin inhibition in plasma. More unexpected was the observation that platelets
      increase the rate of inhibition: unstimulated platelets increased the rate
      constant by 40%, and ADP-stimulated platelets increased it by 55%. However, this
      acceleratory effect could not be mimicked with either a KCI extract or a Triton
      extract of platelets, and its cause remains unknown. In sum, it has been shown
      that the rate of inhibition of thrombin can be modulated in at least three ways
      antithrombin concentration, fibrinogen concentration, and platelets; each of
      which can vary independently in vivo. It is well known that defects of the first
      lead to an increased risk of thrombosis, and it is proposed that this may be
      substantially caused by changes in the kinetics of inhibition such as those
      described. Additionally, it is suggested that changes in inhibition rate caused
      by other components may also be significant, for the same reason, in modulating
      the clotting system in vivo.

PMID- 4052634
TI  - Autosomal dominant polycythemia.
AB  - Two families with polycythemia inherited as an autosomal dominant trait are
      described. Serial hemoglobin determinations in multiple family members and RBC
      volume measurements in selected affected subjects documented their polycythemia.
      Measurements of arterial p02s, p50s, and blood oxygen affinity were normal in all
      affected individuals from each family who were tested. Erythropoietin (EPO)
      levels were low in affected individuals from family 1 and normal in affected
      members of family 2. Stimulation of in vitro CFU-E colony growth by low levels of
      EPO was significantly increased in subjects from family 1, but normal in those
      affected from family 2. We conclude that although the inheritance pattern for the
      polycythemia in both of these families appeared to be the same, the biologic
      defect leading to the disorder in each of these unique families was different.
      The precise mechanism of the increased EPO sensitivity noted in affected subjects
      from family 1 awaits elucidation.

PMID- 4052636
TI  - Weekly low dose doxorubicin monotherapy in metastatic breast cancer resistant to
      previous hormonal and cytostatic treatment.
AB  - Weekly low dose doxorubicin monotherapy was evaluated in heavily pretreated
      patients with metastatic breast cancer. 19 patients received 8-12 mg/m2
      doxorubicin/week for a treatment period of up to 7 months until a progression of
      the disease occurred (mean number of weekly courses 15 +/- 8). In 2 of 17
      evaluable patients, an objective response with a duration of 3+ and 5 months
      respectively was achieved. In 9 patients a stabilisation of the disease was
      observed (mean duration of DS 4 mos +/- 2), whereas the disease progressed in 6.
      The tolerance for this regimen was remarkable, with neither serious acute
      toxicity nor any signs of congestive cardiomyopathy even in those patients who
      were treated beyond a cumulative dose of 450 mg/m2. Weekly low dose doxorubicin
      monotherapy shows modest activity, but is devoid of severe toxicity in heavily
      pretreated patients with metastatic breast cancer. An increase in the therapeutic
      index was not observed.

PMID- 4052635
TI  - Oestrone sulphate, adipose tissue, and breast cancer.
AB  - Oestrone sulphate, the oestrogen in highest concentration in the plasma, may play
      a role in the induction and growth of breast cancers. By enzymolysis and
      radioimmunoassay, oestrone sulphate concentrations were measured in 3 biological
      fluids. High concentrations of the conjugate (up to 775 nmol/l) were detected in
      breast cyst fluids from some premenopausal women, the concentrations in blood
      plasma (0.91-4.45 nmol/l) being much lower. Concentrations in the plasmas from
      postmenopausal women with (0.23-4.63 nmol/l) or without (0.18-1.27 nmol/l) breast
      cancer were still lower. Oestrone sulphate concentration in cow's milk or cream
      (0.49-0.67 nmol/l) was also low: dietary intake in these fluids is probably of
      little consequence. The capacity of breast tissues for hydrolysis of oestrone
      sulphate was examined in two ways: In tissue slices incubated with 85 pM (3H)
      oestrone sulphate solution at 37 degrees C, cancers (131-412 fmol/g tissue/hr)
      and adipose tissues (23-132 fmol/g tissue/hr) hydrolysed significantly more
      sulphate than did benign tissues (1-36 fmol/g tissue/hr). In tissue homogenates
      incubated with 5-25 microM [3H] oestrone sulphate at 37 degrees much higher
      capacities for hydrolysis (nmol/g tissue/hr) were demonstrated with a Km of 2
      16.5 microM: cancers (34-394) and benign tissues (9-485) had significantly higher
      sulphatase activities than adipose tissues (9-39). On a protein basis, however,
      the sulphatase activities in the 3 tissues were comparable. It is concluded that
      oestrone sulphate is present in breast cysts and blood plasma and that in vitro,
      the conjugated hormone can be hydrolysed by breast tissues. The biological
      significance of these findings in vivo remains to be established.

PMID- 4052637
TI  - Optimal surgical approaches to the local management of early breast cancer. A
      panel discussion.
AB  - In recent years, a trend has developed toward more conservative surgery for early
      breast cancer, often in combination with axillary dissection or sampling and with
      radiotherapy. Here, three prominent breast cancer surgeons discuss the proper
      role of these procedures and several areas of contention concerning them.

PMID- 4052638
TI  - Relationship of flow cytometry results to clinical and steroid receptor status in
      human breast cancer.
AB  - Flow cytometry (FC), estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR)
      analyses were performed on 226 breast cancers. The presence of steroid receptors
      was inversely proportional to proliferative index and percent aneuploidy. Within
      the two ER (+ and -) groups, the presence of PR did not add significantly to the
      comparison. The mean proliferative index for the diploid tumors was 17.5 +/- 6.8
      compared to 27.8 +/- 9.8 for aneuploid tumors (p less than .001). The degree of
      aneuploidy, or DNA index, was not related to cell cycle kinetics or steroid
      receptor status. In 163 tissues analyzed for percent tumor present, a correlation
      between the relative number of aneuploid cells and percent tumor in the
      histologic review was observed. A study of the diploid tumors indicated greater
      than 75% had at least 10% tumor cells by histologic review. Since with FC one can
      observe at least 10% aneuploid cells in a tumor sample, it is our opinion that
      the percent aneuploidy in this study is not artifactually low due to sampling
      error. There was no significant relationship between nodal status or number of
      positive nodes and proliferative index, aneuploidy, or steroid receptor status.
      Metastatic tumors had a higher mean proliferative index, but this was not
      statistically significant. There was a relationship between age and proliferative
      index but not between age and ploidy status. In a small group of patients there
      was a trend for proliferative index and percent aneuploidy to be higher in the
      poorly differentiated and larger tumors when compared to the well differentiated
      and smaller tumors.

PMID- 4052639
TI  - Disease-free interval and estrogen receptor activity in tumor tissue of patients
      with primary breast cancer: analysis after long-term follow-up.
AB  - Specific estrogen receptor activity (ER) was found in 115 of 175 (66%) tumors of
      patients treated for primary breast cancer in the period 1974-1981; 60 patients
      had ER-negative tumors. All patients were under observation for at least 48
      months (median 76 months). The 24 patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy as
      part of their initial treatment, were excluded from the analysis of the disease
      free interval (DFI). Groups of patients with ER-positive or ER-negative tumors
      did not differ significantly in clinical characteristics. Patients with ER
      positive tumors had a significantly longer DFI than those with ER-negative tumors
      only in the first year after initial treatment. After prolonged observation a
      significant difference in recurrence rates was no longer found. In premenopausal
      women, the DFI was not different for those with ER-positive compared to those
      with ER-negative tumors, not even in the first year of observation. However, in
      postmenopausal women, those with ER-positive tumors had a significantly longer
      DFI up to 3 years after initial treatment but not thereafter. There was no
      difference in DFI between the ER-positive and ER-negative groups when the tumor
      stage was taken into account. It is concluded that the ER status of the primary
      tumor affects prognosis only on the short term.

PMID- 4052640
TI  - Breast cancer in women under 30 years of age.
AB  - Conflicting opinions exist concerning clinical and pathological presentation, as
      well as evolution and prognosis, of breast cancer in young women. The roles of
      associated pregnancy and lactation on these parameters is also unclear. These two
      conditions are studied in the present work through the comparison of two breast
      cancer patient age groups: patients under the age of 30 (Group A) and
      premenopausal patients aged 45-49 (Group B). Rapidly growing and/or inflammatory
      breast cancer (rapidly progressing breast cancer: RPBC)--a special form of Breast
      Cancer with a poor prognosis very frequent in the Tunisian breast cancer
      population--was more often present among Group A patients. This difference is a
      consequence of the more frequent association of this breast cancer group with
      pregnancy or lactation; nearly all the cases of breast cancer associated with
      pregnancy or lactation are RPBC. For breast cancer without the
      pregnancy/lactation association, the younger group generally shows poorer
      histological grading and more severe evolution. The number of patients in our
      study is not really sufficient to allow statistically significant conclusions,
      but it does seem clear that young age and associated pregnancy/lactation are
      aggravating factors in Tunisian breast cancer patients.

PMID- 4052641
TI  - Patients with early breast cancer may be harmed from 'effective' axillary
      treatment.

PMID- 4052642
TI  - Comment on 'Long-term tamoxifen adjuvant therapy in node positive breast cancer'.

PMID- 4052643
TI  - 8th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium. November 7-8, 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4052644
TI  - Human cell cultures as an assay for the toxicity of antioxidants.

PMID- 4052645
TI  - Metal accumulation capacity of five species of Sphagnum moss.

PMID- 4052646
TI  - Microtox and Spirillum volutans tests for assessing toxicity of environmental
      samples.

PMID- 4052647
TI  - Sampling of airborne pesticides using Chromosorb 102.

PMID- 4052648
TI  - Contamination of dairy and tobacco products by trace quantities of
      nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA).

PMID- 4052650
TI  - Mercury concentrations in the Australian fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus from SE
      Australian waters.

PMID- 4052649
TI  - Persistence of fenitrothion insecticide in poplar Populus tremuloides and gray
      birch Betula populifolia.

PMID- 4052651
TI  - Urinary chlorobenzilate residues in citrus fieldworkers.

PMID- 4052652
TI  - Distribution of benzo(a)pyrene in discrete regions of rat brain.

PMID- 4052653
TI  - DDE residues and eggshell thickness of ring-necked pheasant eggs from the Texas
      High Plains.

PMID- 4052654
TI  - Effect of airborne fluoride on some hematological parameters of chick.

PMID- 4052655
TI  - Mutagenicity, acute toxicity, and bioaccumulation potential of six chlorinated
      styrenes.

PMID- 4052656
TI  - Contamination and growth of the shrimp, Penaeus stylirostris Stimpson, cultured
      in a seawater/wastewater aquaculture system.

PMID- 4052658
TI  - Toxicity of coal gasifier solid waste to the aquatic plants Selenastrum
      capricornutum and Spirodela oligorhiza.

PMID- 4052657
TI  - Acute toxicity of aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide, and aldicarb sulfone to Daphnia
      laevis.

PMID- 4052659
TI  - Copper exposure and ciliary function in gill tissue of Mytilus californianus.

PMID- 4052660
TI  - Fate of 2,4-D entering a freshwater aquatic environment.

PMID- 4052661
TI  - Response competition in recognition memory in three amnesic groups.
AB  - Experimental studies have suggested that a feature of the memory defect in some
      amnesic conditions may be a failure to inhibit competing responses at retrieval.
      It is not known whether this feature is present equally in different syndromes
      involving amnesia. Employing a recognition memory paradigm with varying numbers
      of response alternatives (based on Miller, 1978), three amnesic groups
      (Korsakov's, senile dementia, and multi-infarct dementia) were compared using
      four types of test material. The groups were not differentially affected by
      increasing numbers of response alternatives.

PMID- 4052662
TI  - An observational evaluation of the effects of nurse training in behaviour therapy
      on unstructured ward activities and interactions.
AB  - The effects of a five-day in-service training in behaviour therapy for
      psychiatric nurses were assessed by naturalistic observations in three NHS long
      stay wards. The observations focused on nurses' and patients' independent and
      interactive behaviours as a function of the course of training, during an
      unstructured part of the ward programme. A comparison of the behaviourally
      trained nurses and their colleagues indicated that the training had produced no
      systematic effect on independent activities and was associated with significantly
      less frequent or appropriate interactions with patients. These findings were
      contrasted with the nurses' proficiency in their structured use of behavioural
      techniques and led to an interpretation of patient control over their use of
      these new skills in default of staff management procedures. More broadly, the
      findings were regarded as an elaboration of the respective roles of staff
      training and management in institutional change. They were also viewed as
      evidence that circumscribed and short-term evaluations may be contradicted by
      more 'ecological' evaluations, which unobtrusively observe the broader
      consequences of our interventions into systems. In the long term these
      consequences may ultimately determine the effectiveness of our training
      endeavours and hence there is a pressing need for more process evaluations of the
      present kind.

PMID- 4052663
TI  - Reality testing and auditory hallucinations: a signal detection analysis.
AB  - The hypothesis that hallucinators are deficient in the metacognitive skill of
      reality testing was tested using the methodology of signal detection theory. In
      Expt 1 undergraduate subjects scoring high or low on a scale measuring
      predisposition to hallucination were tested on an auditory signal detection task.
      High scorers on the scale were found to differ from low scorers on a measure of
      perceptual bias but not on a measure of sensitivity. In Expt 2 a similar
      methodology was used with hallucinating and non-hallucinating schizophrenic
      patients, with similar results. These results support the hypothesis that
      hallucinators or subjects highly disposed towards hallucination are deficient in
      reality testing and are therefore prone to identify imaginary events as real.

PMID- 4052664
TI  - The value of Luria's Neuropsychological Investigation for the assessment of
      cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer-type dementia.
AB  - Items from Luria's Neuropsychological Investigation (LNI) were used to assess
      cognitive functioning in three groups: patients with Alzheimer-type dementia
      (ATD), with alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome (KS) and control subjects of comparable
      age. The LNI was shown to be a sensitive assessment in that it distinguished
      differences within the ATD group and among the three groups. The validity and
      usefulness of the LNI in Alzheimer-type dementia are discussed.

PMID- 4052665
TI  - Psychopathy and dangerousness: comparison, integration and extension of two
      psychopathic typologies.
AB  - Previous research has failed to relate psychopathy to an increased risk for
      violence, but several proposed psychopathic typologies have suggested the
      possibility of isolating more dangerous subtypes. One typology, based upon
      psychopathy and intelligence, has identified the low IQ psychopath as excessively
      violent judged by his history of violent crime. A second typology involving
      psychopathy and social withdrawal predicts greater dangerousness for both the
      outgoing and the withdrawn psychopath depending upon circumstance. The present
      study confirmed the dangerousness of the low IQ and withdrawn psychopaths in
      their prison behaviour and the low IQ psychopath on parole. The attempt to
      develop a more homogeneous type of dangerous psychopath by increasing the number
      of defining attributes was successful. The highest prison and parole
      dangerousness scores in the prisoner sample were obtained by those who shared
      four attributes. They were (1) psychopaths, who (2) had low IQs, (3) were
      socially withdrawn, and (4) had a history of prior violent crime.

PMID- 4052666
TI  - Interhemispheric coordination and focused attention in chronic and acute
      schizophrenia.
AB  - Groups of chronic and acute schizophrenics, together with controls, were given a
      story comprehension task where material was presented either binaurally or
      monaurally. A significant right ear advantage was found in the scores of the
      acute patients but not in those of chronics or controls. Similarly, acutes, in
      contrast to all other subjects, demonstrated a binaural performance decrement
      relative to their preferred ear in the monaural condition. A second experiment
      showed that acute schizophrenics, in contrast to an earlier finding with
      chronics, were no better at detecting targets in dichotically presented word
      lists when the targets occurred in one ear only than when they could occur in
      either ear. It is suggested that this inability to focus attention on one ear, in
      the presence of competing stimulation to the other, was responsible for the story
      comprehension result.

PMID- 4052667
TI  - The short-term stability of the survey version of CAPE.
AB  - One hundred elderly women were assessed on two occasions, one week apart, on the
      survey version of CAPE. Although test-retest correlations were high, the
      dependency grades of 35 per cent of the sample changed on retesting by one grade,
      and 2 per cent by two grades, suggesting that the test may be too unstable for
      clinical purposes.

PMID- 4052668
TI  - Can all schizophrenic speech be discriminated from normal speech?
AB  - The study addressed whether the speech of non-speech disordered as well as speech
      disordered schizophrenics is discriminable from normal speech. An analysis, using
      a clinician's acumen to detect, not as is usually the case to specify, showed
      that schizophrenic speech (including that of non-speech disordered
      schizophrenics) can be accurately discriminated. This suggests that the speech of
      all schizophrenics does indeed differ from that of normals, but in as yet
      unspecified ways.

PMID- 4052669
TI  - Possible frontal impairments in Parkinson's disease: a test using a measure of
      verbal fluency.
AB  - It has been suggested that patients with Parkinson's disease might show the same
      kinds of behavioural impairments as those exhibited by subjects with frontal
      lesions. Previous tests of this hypothesis have given, at best, equivocal
      results. Verbal fluency is a measure sensitive to frontal lesions, and data are
      presented showing that Parkinsonian subjects produce fluency scores similar to
      those of normal controls and not at all like subjects with left or right frontal
      lesions.

PMID- 4052670
TI  - A case of kleptomania treated by covert sensitization.
AB  - A client with a history of daily compulsive shoplifting of 14 years' duration was
      treated by covert sensitization. By her preference, the aversive imagery used was
      that of nausea and vomiting, as described by Cautela (1967), rather than that of
      being apprehended by the authorities used by later workers. On 19-month follow-up
      she was free of stealing behaviour apart from a single lapse, and there were
      corresponding improvements in her self-esteem and socialization.

PMID- 4052671
TI  - Schizotaxia, information processing and the MMPI 2-7-8 code type.
AB  - The relationship between the 2-7-8 MMPI code type and schizotaxia was
      investigated. College students whose Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
      profiles revealed a 2-7-8 code were compared to an elevation-free group on a
      visual information-processing task. The 2-7-8 group exhibited a processing
      deficiency similar to that previously found for schizophrenics and in-patient
      schizotypal personalities, supporting the construct validity of the 2-7-8 code as
      a measure of schizotaxia.

PMID- 4052672
TI  - The Open System Interconnection as a building block in a health sciences
      information network.
AB  - The interconnection of integrated health sciences library systems with other
      health sciences computer systems to achieve information networks will require
      either custom linkages among specific devices or the adoption of standards that
      all systems support. The most appropriate standards appear to be those being
      developed under the Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model, which
      specifies a set of rules and functions that computers must follow to exchange
      information. The protocols have been modularized into seven different layers. The
      lowest three layers are generally available as off-the-shelf interfacing
      products. The higher layers require special development for particular
      applications. This paper describes the OSI, its application in health sciences
      networks, and specific tasks that remain to be undertaken.

PMID- 4052673
TI  - Appraisal of the papers of biomedical scientists and physicians for a medical
      archives.
AB  - Numerous medical libraries house archival collections. This article discusses
      criteria for selecting personal papers of biomedical scientists and physicians
      for a medical archives and defines key terms, such as appraisal, manuscripts,
      papers, records, and series. Appraisal focuses on both collection and series
      levels. Collection-level criteria include the significance of a scientist's
      career and the uniqueness, coverage, and accessibility of the manuscripts. Series
      frequently found among medically related manuscripts are enumerated and
      discussed. Types of organizational records and the desirability of accessioning
      them along with manuscripts are considered. Advantages of direct communication
      with creators of manuscripts are described. The initial appraisal process is not
      the last word: reevaluation of materials must take place during processing and
      can be resumed long afterwards.

PMID- 4052674
TI  - A study of remote users' satisfaction with online services before and after
      procedural modifications.
AB  - As libraries evolve into database management centers with network capabilities,
      they increasingly serve users who are remotely situated from them. This paper
      explores some of the problems encountered by a national association library in
      serving the remote user. User satisfaction is evaluated, procedures are
      subsequently modified, and satisfaction is again measured to determine variables
      that affect user response to the services.

PMID- 4052675
TI  - Collection overlap in hospital health sciences libraries: a case study.
AB  - Given similar demographics (age, size, and user population), to what extent do
      community hospital libraries differ in collection content? It is sometimes
      assumed that hospital libraries are relatively homogeneous and therefore subject
      to standardized procedures and collection development guides. This study compares
      the holdings of two community hospital libraries in Illinois to determine
      similarities and differences.

PMID- 4052676
TI  - Assessment of MLA assertiveness training for librarians: students' behavior
      changes after taking C.E. 669, Assertiveness and Human Relations Skills.
AB  - C.E. 669, offered for three years, was MLA's first personal development
      continuing education course. Participants were asked to respond to a follow-up
      survey about their current assertive philosophy, awareness, and behavioral
      repertoire. They were also assessed by the Librarian's Assertiveness Inventory, a
      tool that indicates patterns of behavioral responses, for which some normative
      data were available from librarians who had not taken the class. Class
      participants were found to be more likely to behave assertively and less likely
      to behave aggressively than librarians who had not taken the class. In nine out
      of ten situational categories, librarians who had taken the class demonstrated
      assertive response patterns. They also reported remembering and using more than
      one third of the behavioral techniques covered in class, with particular use of
      the nonverbal techniques. A majority saw themselves as more assertive since
      taking the class, although most believed that others viewed them much the same as
      they had prior to the class. Positive progress toward reaching specific
      behavioral goals was also reported.

PMID- 4052677
TI  - The Journal Citation Reports as a deselection tool.

PMID- 4052678
TI  - Development of SCHIN: the South Carolina Health Information Network.

PMID- 4052679
TI  - Neglected nutrition education: how we can help.

PMID- 4052680
TI  - Clinical medical librarianship at SIU School of Medicine.

PMID- 4052681
TI  - [Preservation of genetic information in mammalian cells].

PMID- 4052682
TI  - [Progress in the subject of paternity research].

PMID- 4052683
TI  - [Communication on African swine fever].

PMID- 4052684
TI  - [Variations in fungal spores in the air during the last 10 years in Belgium].

PMID- 4052685
TI  - [Activities of veterinary biologists. The special case of food microbiology].

PMID- 4052686
TI  - [Salicylates and cortico-adrenal stimulation: myth or reality?].

PMID- 4052687
TI  - Prospective studies of the illness burden in a rural community of Northeast
      Brazil.

PMID- 4052688
TI  - Reuse of wastewater at the San Juan de Miraflores stabilization ponds: public
      health, environmental, and socioeconomic implications.

PMID- 4052689
TI  - Lead poisoning among children from Santo Amaro, Brazil.

PMID- 4052690
TI  - Hepatitis B virus: a public health problem in Venezuela.

PMID- 4052691
TI  - Oral rehydration therapy at hospitals: its impact on diarrheal disease admissions
      and fatalities.

PMID- 4052692
TI  - Human lice: some basic facts and misconceptions.

PMID- 4052693
TI  - Drinking-water quality in the Caribbean.

PMID- 4052695
TI  - PAHO's maternal and child health program.

PMID- 4052694
TI  - Joint UNICEF-WHO statement on basic principles for control of acute respiratory
      infections in children in developing countries.

PMID- 4052696
TI  - The epidemiology of tuberculosis in Chile.

PMID- 4052697
TI  - Measles surveillance in Panama.

PMID- 4052698
TI  - Yellow fever in the Americas.

PMID- 4052699
TI  - The psychological impact of cancer.
AB  - The diagnosis and treatment of cancer is associated with a substantial
      psychiatric morbidity including anxiety, depression, sexual difficulties, body
      image problems, illness behaviour, and conditioned responses. Active enquiry is
      worthwhile since most problems are alleviated by treatment once they have been
      elicited.

PMID- 4052700
TI  - Self-help groups.
AB  - Many people in developed countries see medicine as threatening health, not only
      by malpractice, clinical iatrogenesis, and inappropriate treatment, but also by
      diverting attention from social and environmental causes of ill-health. There is
      growing hostility towards health care that undermines the power of individuals to
      care for themselves or shape their own environments, and a corresponding rapid
      and substantial growth of self-help groups.

PMID- 4052701
TI  - Drug treatment of organic brain syndromes.
AB  - The potential of drugs to do harm as well as good is nowhere more critical than
      in the treatment of organic brain syndromes. Appropriate management of different
      clinical situations may require particular drugs to be used, withheld, or
      withdrawn. This article offers guidance in making these difficult decisions.

PMID- 4052702
TI  - Private practice: the balance sheet.

PMID- 4052703
TI  - The clinical value of measuring cardiac output.

PMID- 4052704
TI  - Breaking bad news to patients.

PMID- 4052705
TI  - The serratus anterior/rib composite flap in mandibular reconstruction.
AB  - A flap comprising the serratus anterior muscle and the underlying rib, based on
      the serratus branches of the thoracodorsal artery has been developed. In addition
      to the rib the potential exists to include a cartilaginous growth centre, a
      functional muscle and/or overlying skin. A latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous unit
      can be included on a common pedicle. This paper describes its use as both a free
      and a pedicled composite unit in mandibular reconstruction. The surgical anatomy
      of the flap is reviewed and cases are shown to illustrate its use in the
      treatment of congenital, malignant and post-traumatic conditions where
      reconstruction of the lower jaw is required.

PMID- 4052706
TI  - The fate of free omental transfers.
AB  - The authors have carried out six free omental transfers for the treatment of two
      chronic ulcers, two progressive hemifacial atrophies, one precancerous disorder
      and one contused wound. The follow-up periods ranged from 3 years 9 months to 7
      years 7 months. From our experience the transferred omentum maintained its volume
      and nature under normal circumstances. The decrease in volume or atrophy of the
      transferred omentum may be caused by panniculitis of the omental fatty tissue or
      narrowing of the anastomosed vessels.

PMID- 4052707
TI  - Reconstruction of cervical oesophagus with free double-folded intestinal graft.
AB  - Reconstruction of cervical oesophagus with free revascularised small intestine is
      a reliable and effective technique but a common complication is dysphagia. This
      paper presents a method of splitting the wall of the intestine longitudinally,
      folding it and suturing it to double the size of the lumen of the reconstructed
      conduit and to abolish effective peristalsis. The method has proved to be useful
      in three clinical cases.

PMID- 4052708
TI  - Posterior superficial temporal artery island flap for intra-oral reconstruction:
      a case report.
AB  - A case is presented in which a scalp island flap in an elderly bald male was used
      for intraoral reconstruction following tumour excision. The flap was based on the
      posterior branch of the superficial temporal vessels as its arteriovenous system.
      This flap when available has advantages over other flaps described for intra-oral
      reconstruction.

PMID- 4052709
TI  - Free toe pulp transfer to restore traumatic digital pulp loss.
AB  - Nine toe pulp flaps based on the first dorsal metatarsal artery for
      reconstruction of thumb and index pulp loss are reviewed. The method is capable
      of giving excellent results, and particular indications are noted.

PMID- 4052710
TI  - The radial artery forearm flap: an anomaly of the radial artery.
AB  - The radial forearm flap derives its blood supply from the radial artery.
      Anatomical variations of this vessel are uncommon. This report describes an
      anomaly which has relevance for the radial forearm flap.

PMID- 4052711
TI  - Improving the donor site of the radial forearm flap.
AB  - Since its introduction (Yang et al., 1981; Song et al., 1982), the radial forearm
      flap has proved to be one of the safest and most versatile free flaps. However,
      the donor defect is significant and an otherwise excellent result is often
      impaired by a poor graft take over the exposed flexor carpi radialis tendon, even
      when great care has been taken to preserve its paratenon. This results in delayed
      healing, with frequent dressing changes, and often produces an area that is later
      prone to breakdown following minor trauma. The authors would like to present
      their method of preventing these complications, which the senior author has been
      using for two years but which we have not seen previously used or reported.

PMID- 4052712
TI  - Repair of a wide defect of the lower leg with the combined scapular and
      parascapular flap.
AB  - This case report illustrates the use of a combined scapular and parascapular flap
      to cover a large defect of the lower leg. This flap has great coverage potential
      and a constant vascular anatomy.

PMID- 4052713
TI  - The proximal interphalangeal joint in systemic sclerosis and its surgical
      management.
AB  - During the 10 year period between 1974 and 1983, 20 replacement arthroplasties of
      the proximal interphalangeal joints have been performed in six patients with long
      standing systemic sclerosis. A recent review of 5 of the 6 patients revealed
      significant improvement in hand function and appearance, accompanied by a much
      lower than expected complication rate.

PMID- 4052714
TI  - The spectrum of the oro-facial digital syndrome.
AB  - The Oro-facial Digital Syndromes are well recognised, but confusion exists over
      their characteristics and nomenclature, especially as two new types have recently
      been described. Since there is no single feature that distinguishes one type from
      another, the authors recommend that classification be restricted to those sub
      divisions with a known inheritance pattern, i.e., Types I and II. This enables
      accurate genetic counselling to be offered whilst accepting the variable clinical
      presentation. The literature is reviewed and seven new cases are presented.

PMID- 4052715
TI  - An atraumatic technique for harvesting cancellous bone for secondary alveolar
      bone grafting in cleft palate.
AB  - Secondary alveolar bone grafting in cleft palate patients has been popularised by
      the Oslo group. Harvesting of the bone graft has been carried out by techniques
      developed initially for cranio-facial surgery. This paper describes a more
      refined technique applicable to the requirements of alveolar bone grafting. The
      Craig bone biopsy set is used to trephine cores of autogenous particulate marrow
      and cancellous bone from the iliac bone. The method was tested in a cadaver and
      then applied in 10 clinical cases. The aesthetic and functional results of this
      technique proved to be superior to the conventional approach.

PMID- 4052716
TI  - A simple operative procedure for the treatment of Stahl's ear.
AB  - Stahl's ear is a rather rare congenital deformity and operative procedures for
      its correction have seldom been reported. We recently devised a simple method of
      surgical treatment, which is briefly described as follows: incisions are made
      into the third crus cartilage to facilitate the formation of a helical fold, and
      the cartilage is sutured by means of a mattress suture. This method makes it
      possible to produce a natural helix, though it fails to eliminate the third crus.

PMID- 4052717
TI  - Effect of stasis on the patency of microvenous grafts in avulsed rabbit femoral
      vessels.
AB  - Seventy femoral arterial avulsions with interpositional microvenous graft repairs
      were performed in rabbits and were divided into three groups. In Group A clamps
      were reapplied for 15 minutes with an overall patency rate of 97% after 3 weeks.
      The overall patency rate in Group B with 30 minutes reclamping was 93% three
      weeks later. Group C without clamping served as Controls and a 100% patency rate
      was achieved. The position of the microclamps, static blood in the region of the
      anastomoses and in the microvenous grafts as well as the time of reclamping up to
      30 minutes did not influence the patency rate in damaged vessels after sufficient
      resection of injured vessel walls. The results of this experiment suggest that if
      necessary clamps can be reapplied safely in the clinical situation for up to 30
      minutes after microvenous grafts have been completed to enable the microsurgeon
      to perform further dissection in a bloodless field.

PMID- 4052718
TI  - A semi-rigid transparent face mask in the treatment of postburn hypertrophic
      scars.
AB  - Scars, following burns to the face or subsequent skin grafts, can become
      hypertrophic. The concept of pressure in their treatment is not new. Elastic
      garments have been popularised and used successfully. However, they have certain
      limitations. To date, very little reference has been made in the literature to
      the use of masks. The use of a semi-rigid face mask in the treatment of
      hypertrophic scars is described. These masks are comfortable to wear, well
      tolerated and very effective. Case reports are presented and the technique of
      manufacture detailed.

PMID- 4052719
TI  - Giant cyst formation in a fibrous capsule following breast augmentation. A case
      report and discussion on the pathology.
AB  - A report is presented of a patient who developed a giant cyst in the fibrous
      pseudosheath after removal of a silicone breast prosthesis. Emphasis is put on
      the histological features of the capsule which differentiate it from other cystic
      breast conditions and also preclude its spontaneous resolution. These features
      are capsular thickness, epidermal lining, calcification and chronic lymphocytic
      reaction.

PMID- 4052720
TI  - Trephining large sebaceous cysts.
AB  - A technique is described for the removal of large sebaceous cysts involving the
      face. It minimises post-operative haematoma and infection and results in a
      satisfactory scar.

PMID- 4052721
TI  - A new design of handle for the Micro-Dermatome.

PMID- 4052722
TI  - Effects of noradrenaline, vasopressin and angiotensin on the Na-K pump in rat
      isolated liver cells.
AB  - The effects of noradenaline (via alpha 1-adrenoceptors) and of the peptidic
      hormones vasopressin and angiotensin on the Na-K pump have been studied in rat
      isolated liver cells. The three hormones increased the cytosolic Ca
      concentration, stimulated the Na-K pump and decreased the internal Na
      concentration of the cells. The effects were dose-dependent and were blocked by
      the corresponding antagonists. The simultaneous addition of maximal doses of
      noradrenaline and angiotensin or vasopressin were not additive suggesting that
      the hormones use a common mechanism to stimulate the carrier. Incubating the
      cells in Ca-free medium for long periods (Ca-depletion) increased the Na-K pump
      activity and reduced the stimulatory action of vasopressin, angiotensin and
      noradrenaline. The effect of the Ca indicator quin2, used as an intracellular Ca
      chelator, was also studied. The cells were loaded with a maximal concentration of
      [3H]-quin2 acetoxymethyl ester in the presence of external Ca for 6 min. The
      final cell content was 3.1 nmol quin2 mg-1 cell dry wt. In these cells the
      cytosolic Ca, as monitored from the fluorescence emission of the indicator, was
      about 200 nM and Na-K pump activity was normal and the cells remained responsive
      to the three hormones. Loading the cells with quin2 in the absence of external Ca
      reduced the [Ca]i from 200 nM to about 40 nM and increased the Na-K pump activity
      but not as a result of a rise in internal Na concentration. In addition, the rat
      hepatocytes were no longer sensitive to the hormones. It is proposed that Ca
      inhibits the Na-K pump by binding the internal sites and that vasopressin,
      angiotensin and noradrenaline stimulate the carrier by interfering with the
      inhibitory Ca sites.

PMID- 4052723
TI  - Frequency-dependent block of field potentials in the rat hippocampal slice caused
      by tricyclic antidepressants.
AB  - The effect of the tricyclic antidepressants imipramine and desipramine were
      studied on field potentials in the rat hippocampal slice. The electrically evoked
      stratum radiatum nerve volley, excitatory postsynaptic potential (e.p.s.p.) and
      pyramidal cell layer population spike (PS) were recorded in the CA1 region. At
      concentrations of 10(-6)M to 10(-5)M, impramine did not affect the amplitude of
      the nerve volley, e.p.s.p. or PS at low frequencies of stimulation (0.01 Hz). At
      higher frequencies of stimulation (1-100 Hz), imipramine caused a frequency
      dependent block of the nerve volley, e.p.s.p. and PS. The time course of onset of
      the frequency-dependent block in the presence of imipramine was very slow.
      Maximum inhibition was reached after 3-4 h treatment with imipramine. Desipramine
      (10(-6)-10(-5)M) also caused a frequency-dependent block of the hippocampal field
      potentials. Only slight frequency-dependent block was observed in slices from
      rats injected in vivo with desipramine (10 mg kg-1) for 14 days.

PMID- 4052724
TI  - Electrophysiological analysis of the nature of adrenoceptors in the rat basilar
      artery during development.
AB  - The nature of adrenoceptors in basilar arteries of neonatal rats was investigated
      by means of electrophysiological techniques. In immature (2-6 day postnatal)
      rats, micro-injection of noradrenaline elicited a depolarization which consisted
      of two components. The initial 'fast' component (time to peak of 0.3-4s) was
      slightly reduced by phentolamine and was not antagonized by propranolol. The
      second 'slow' component (time to peak of about 50s) was not blocked by
      phentolamine but was antagonized by low concentrations (10(-7) M) of propranolol.
      In immature rats, micro-injection of isoprenaline was more potent than
      noradrenaline in evoking the 'slow' depolarization but less effective in
      eliciting the 'fast' response. The pharmacology with respect to adrenoceptor
      antagonists of both components of the isoprenaline- and noradrenaline-induced
      depolarizations was similar. There was some evidence of inhibitory beta
      adrenoceptors in immature rat basilar vessels. In adult rats (6 week old)
      noradrenaline produced a large 'fast' depolarization which was followed by a
      'slow' tail response. Both components were not antagonized by phentolamine or
      propranolol. It appears that in the basilar artery of neonatal rats there are
      excitatory alpha- and inhibitory beta-adrenoceptors but the major responses to
      noradrenaline and isoprenaline are mediated by gamma- and excitatory beta
      receptors. In adult animals the gamma-adrenoceptor predominates. Experiments were
      carried out in which agonists were applied by ionophoresis. These results confirm
      the presence of excitatory beta-receptors in neonatal basilar vessels and show
      the response has slow kinetics and it is likely that the beta-receptors are
      distributed uniformly over the smooth muscle surface. In adult animals it was not
      possible to elicit an excitatory beta-receptor-mediated response. The
      ionophoretic application of noradrenaline never evoked a perceptible
      depolarization which could be attributed to gamma-adrenoceptor stimulation. This
      result is discussed in terms of receptor distribution with respect to synaptic
      function in a syncytium.

PMID- 4052725
TI  - The effects of metoprolol and dazmegrel, alone and in combination, on arrhythmias
      induced by coronary artery occlusion in conscious rats.
AB  - The effects of metoprolol and the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor dazmegrel,
      alone and in combination, were examined in a model of coronary artery occlusion
      in conscious rats. In a dose (2 mg kg-1), intravenously, that resulted in a
      marked bradycardia (of 50-80 beats min -1) metoprolol did not influence the
      incidence or severity of the ventricular arrhythmias that occur in the first 20
      min following occlusion, nor did it improve survival (assessed at both 20 min and
      16 h). In a dose (5 mg kg-1), intravenously, that in another conscious rat model
      involving tissue hypoperfusion inhibited thromboxane production, dazmegrel also
      did not modify ischaemic arrhythmias or survival. In contrast, metoprolol and
      dazmegrel (2 mg kg-1 and 5 mg kg-1 i.v.) when given together prior to coronary
      artery occlusion, produced a significant reduction in mortality both at 20 min
      and 16 h (e.g. from 60-75% in the control, metoprolol alone and dazmegrel alone
      groups and only 25% in the combined-treatment group). This was due to a decrease
      in the incidence of terminal ventricular fibrillation. The results suggest that a
      combination of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug with a drug that inhibits
      thromboxane synthesis may offer more protection against ischaemia-induced
      ventricular fibrillation than either drug used alone. They suggest a role for
      both catecholamines and thromboxane in the genesis of ischaemia-induced
      ventricular fibrillation.

PMID- 4052726
TI  - Effects of a combination of metoprolol and dazmegrel on myocardial infarct size
      in rats.
AB  - The effects of acute pretreatment with metoprolol, dazmegrel and a combination of
      these two drugs has been examined on myocardial infarct size in rats. Ischaemic
      damage was assessed 4 h after coronary artery occlusion in anaesthetized rats and
      after 48 h of ischaemia in conscious rats. Infarct size was measured
      histochemically (by using periodic-acid-Schiff diastase reaction for glycogen)
      and by standard histological examination (haematoxylin and eosin stain). There
      was some evidence of protection of the myocardium by metoprolol following 4 h of
      ischaemia (determined histologically) but this was not apparent 48 h after
      occlusion. When given alone, dazmegrel had no significant effects on infarct size
      assessed by either method. A clear reduction in the extent of glycogen depletion
      and histological damage was observed with the combination of metoprolol and
      dazmegrel 48 h after the onset of ischaemia. This protection was seen to occur in
      the horizontal plane of the heart, preventing the extension of the infarct
      towards the posterior wall of the left ventricle and showing some salvage of the
      epicardial surfaces.

PMID- 4052727
TI  - Changes in the mechanical properties of the longitudinal and circular muscle
      tissues of the rat myometrium during gestation.
AB  - Changes in the mechanical properties of the longitudinal and circular muscle
      tissues of the rat myometrium during gestation were investigated. In isolated
      longitudinal and circular muscles of the rat myometrium, spontaneous contractions
      and contractions per unit cross-sectional area induced by 128 mM K+ and 1 X 10(
      5) M acetylcholine (ACh) increased with the progress of gestation. These
      increases appeared in longitudinal muscles to a greater extent than in circular
      muscles. ACh induced the largest contraction for both intact muscle tissues, at
      all stages of gestation. In both muscle layers, the ACh-induced contraction
      reached the same amplitude as the 1 X 10(-5) M Ca-induced contraction of skinned
      muscles, except for the longitudinal muscle at the 22nd day of gestation. In Ca
      free solution containing 2 mM EGTA, ACh produced contraction in both intact
      muscle tissues at all stages and the amplitude was increased during the progress
      of gestation, whereas the K-induced and spontaneous contractions ceased. In
      saponin-treated skinned muscles of both layers, the free Ca concentration
      required to produce contraction was lowered, the maximum amplitudes of the
      contraction were increased and the pCa-tension relationships shifted to the left
      during the progress of gestation. The results indicate that during the progress
      of gestation, Ca sensitivity of of the contractile proteins and mechanical
      responses to agonists increased and that the properties of the intracellular Ca
      store site were also altered in both muscle layers.

PMID- 4052728
TI  - The effect of reserpine treatment on the extraneuronal uptake of [3H]
      isoprenaline into rat atria.
AB  - Treatment of rats with reserpine (1 mg kg-1 day-1) for up to 7 days resulted in a
      marked decrease in a corticosterone-sensitive component of the extraneuronal
      accumulation of [3H]-isoprenaline into their atria. The change in extraneuronal
      uptake did not appear to be due to a direct action of reserpine on the uptake
      mechanism, since it was several days before the treatment had a significant
      effect on the accumulation of [3H]-isoprenaline. Further, reserpine in vitro did
      not inhibit extraneuronal uptake. The reserpine-induced change in the
      accumulation of [3H]-isoprenaline was not an artifact due to changes in water
      balance, ion distribution, extracellular space or tissue atrophy. Nor was the
      change due to an increase in the efflux of [3H]-isoprenaline from the tissue.
      These experiments support the suggestion that the extraneuronal uptake is
      dependent upon a functional adrenergic innervation.

PMID- 4052729
TI  - Comparison of the cardiovascular effects of meptazinol and naloxone following
      haemorrhagic shock in rats and cats.
AB  - The cardiovascular effects of the opioid mixed agonist-antagonist, meptazinol,
      and the opioid antagonist, naloxone, have been evaluated in conscious rats,
      anaesthetized rats and anaesthetized cats following the induction of haemorrhagic
      shock. The mean arterial pressure of conscious rats decreased by 17-29 mmHg
      following a haemorrhage of 20% of blood volume. Meptazinol (17 mg kg-1, i.m.)
      administered after haemorrhage evoked a rapid and sustained increase in mean
      arterial pressure to pre-haemorrhage levels. Naloxone (10 mg kg-1, i.v.) also
      increased mean arterial pressure to a level significantly higher than post
      haemorrhage values. Neither haemorrhage nor subsequent drug treatments evoked
      significant changes in the heart rates of conscious rats. In anaesthetized rats,
      20% haemorrhage evoked decreases in mean arterial pressure, heart rate and
      cardiac output. Blood flow to the heart, skin, skeletal muscle, kidneys, spleen
      and liver (arterial) was decreased. Meptazinol and naloxone increased blood
      pressure and total peripheral resistance, but did not significantly alter heart
      rate or cardiac output. Hepatic arterial flow decreased further in both drug and
      vehicle treated groups. In addition meptazinol slightly reduced skeletal muscle
      flow. In anaesthetized cats 40% haemorrhage decreased mean arterial pressure by
      46 +/- 3 mmHg. An intravenous infusion of either meptazinol or naloxone
      (cumulative 2 mg kg-1, i.v.) partially restored blood pressure. In experimental
      animal models of haemorrhagic shock, meptazinol has a similar cardiovascular
      profile to naloxone. The established analgesic activity of meptazinol may confer
      an advantage in some shock states.

PMID- 4052730
TI  - Adenosine-induced secretion in the canine trachea: modification by
      methylxanthines and adenosine derivatives.
AB  - Adenosine alone at 0.1 and 1.0 mg per tracheal segment stimulated mucus secretion
      by 52% and 88%, respectively, compared to baseline (P less than 0.0001). The site
      of the potent secretagogue effect of adenosine in canine trachea was consistent
      with A2 activation. A2 site activation and enhanced secretion were also induced
      by N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine and dipyridamole. N6-R-phenylisopropyl adenosine
      (PIA) and 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine (ddAdo) inhibited the adenosine-induced
      secretion (35% and 42%, respectively). However, when PIA or ddAdo were
      administered in conjunction with the potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor,
      methylisobutylxanthine (MIX), the effects of PIA were potentiated and the effects
      of ddAdo were reversed, yielding stimulation (A2) and antagonism (A1) of
      secretion, respectively. 8-Phenyltheophylline by aerosol was a very potent
      antagonist of the secretagogue effect of adenosine (70% inhibition; P less than
      0.00001).

PMID- 4052731
TI  - Effects of pinaverium bromide and verapamil on the motility of the rat isolated
      colon.
AB  - Pinaverium bromide was 30 times less potent than verapamil in inhibiting
      intraluminal pressure responses of in vitro rat colonic segments to barium
      chloride, acetylcholine, FK 33-824 or field stimulation. The inhibitory effects
      of both verapamil and pinaverium bromide on the pressure responses to field
      stimulation were antagonized similarly by exogenous calcium administration. These
      results support the concept that pinaverium bromide acts on calcium channels in
      the smooth muscle cell membrane.

PMID- 4052732
TI  - Modification by dantrolene, procaine and suxamethonium of caffeine-induced
      changes in aequorin luminescence transients and twitch tensions of directly
      stimulated diaphragm muscle of mouse.
AB  - A convenient method is described for measuring simultaneously Ca2+-related
      aequorin luminescence and twitch tension in the isolated diaphragm muscle of the
      mouse. Forty to fifty fibres were injected intracellularly with aequorin solution
      and the mechanical and luminescence responses to direct stimulation were
      recorded. The replacement of Na+ by K+ (to obtain 59 or 143.4 mM K+) in the
      nutrient solution decreased both aequorin luminescence and twitch tensions, but
      after a time lag, it produced a contracture. Caffeine (5 or 10 mM) increased both
      aequorin luminescence and twitch tensions, and after a time lag, it also produced
      a contracture. Dantrolene (1 and 30 microM) and procaine (10 microM, 300 microM
      and 1 mM) decreased aequorin luminescence transients and twitch tension. In
      addition procaine inhibited the caffeine-induced increase of aequorin
      luminescence, but dantrolene did not have this effect. At concentrations causing
      neuromuscular block, suxamethonium (130 microM) decreased aequorin luminescence
      transients and twitch tension. By contrast, (+)-tubocurarine (6.5 microM) did not
      affect the aequorin luminescence in directly stimulated muscles. These results
      suggest that Ca+-related aequorin luminescence transients accompanied by twitch
      tensions reflect the intracellular fast mobilization of compartmentalized Ca2+
      from plasma membrane or sarcoplasmic reticulum, and that the increase in resting
      luminescence caused by a K+- or caffeine-induced contracture may be produced by
      the slow mobilization of Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 4052733
TI  - Importance of myocardial blood flow changes in the protective action of diltiazem
      in a new model of myocardial ischaemia.
AB  - The effect of diltiazem was studied in a new model of myocardial ischaemia in
      which in addition to a critical constriction of the left circumflex branch (LCX),
      the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was suddenly occluded. This
      model is probably more relevant to the clinical situation in which multivessel
      coronary artery disease is common. In this model diltiazem exerted a beneficial
      effect, manifested by an increase in myocardial blood flow (MBF) within the
      stenosed area of the LCX; by a marked reduction of the enhanced preload (LVEDP);
      by a diminution of the inhomogeneity of electrical activation and by a decrease
      in ST-segment elevation. Diltiazem also caused a significant reduction both in
      the number of extrasystoles and in the incidence of ventricular fibrillation.
      Increased MBF within the stenosed area was associated with enhanced blood flow to
      the ischaemic myocardium, i.e. diltiazem directed flow to the ischaemic zone by
      improvement of the collateral circulation. The beneficial electrophysiological
      changes caused by diltiazem are probably at least partly due to the drug-induced
      improvement of myocardial blood supply to the ischaemic area.

PMID- 4052734
TI  - The guinea-pig isolated bronchus for the in vitro study of small calibre airway
      reactivity.
AB  - Small calibre airway reactivity to different contractile and relaxant agents was
      tested in vitro using small segments (about 1 mm long and 0.2 mm in internal
      diameter) of guinea-pig isolated intralobular bronchi. EC50 values of, and
      maximal contractile responses to contractile agents were as follows (mean +/-
      s.e.mean, n = 6): acetylcholine 13.6 +/- 2.6 microM and 1140 +/- 80 mg; histamine
      5.2 +/- 0.7 microM and 1094 +/- 95 mg; 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 0.7 +/- 0.1
      microM and 595 +/- 61 mg; prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) 8.8 +/- 1.2 microM
      and 1100 +/- 88 mg; tetraethylammonium 2.9 +/- 0.3 mM and 1055 +/- 94 mg; KC1
      14.6 +/- 0.5 mM and 965 +/- 81 mg. EC50 values of, and maximal relaxant responses
      to beta-adrenoceptor stimulants on preparations precontracted with acetylcholine
      (1.4 X 10(-4)M) were: isoprenaline 0.40 +/- 0.5 microM and 782 +/- 65 mg, n = 18;
      salbutamol 0.19 +/- 0.02 microM and 494 +/- 55 mg, n = 5; terbutaline 0.87 +/-
      0.18 microM and 263 +/- 40 mg n = 5; fenoterol 0.06 +/- 0.02 microM and 722 +/-
      47 mg, n = 5; adrenaline 0.71 +/- 0.13 microM and 653 +/- 62 mg, n = 5;
      noradrenaline 10.8 +/- 0.9 microM and 566 +/- 97 mg, n = 5. Differences in the
      maximal relaxant effects between the beta-adrenoceptor stimulants showed that the
      preparation utilized is a relevant model for assessment of the intrinsic activity
      of these drugs. 5 The high ratio (about 180) of the ECm for noradrenaline (beta
      adrenoceptor agonist) to that for fenoterol (beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist), and
      the lack of effect of prenalterol (beta 1-adrenoceptor agonist) suggested that
      beta 2-adrenoceptors are preferentially involved in the relaxant activity of beta
      adrenoceptor stimulants in this preparation.

PMID- 4052735
TI  - Molecular characterization of muscarinic receptor subtypes in bovine cerebral
      cortex by radiation inactivation and molecular exclusion h.p.l.c.
AB  - Muscarinic receptor subtypes in bovine cerebral cortex were investigated by means
      of radiation inactivation and molecular exclusion high performance liquid
      chromatography (h.p.l.c.). The functional molecular size of the muscarinic
      receptor in situ was determined by the radiation inactivation method. The value
      for the muscarinic receptor labelled with [3H]-quinuclidinylbenzilate ([3H]-QNB)
      was 91,000 daltons, while that labelled with [3H]-pirenzepine [( 3H]-PZ) was
      157,000 daltons. The muscarinic receptor solubilized with digitonin could be
      labelled with [3H]-PZ as well as with [3H]-QNB. 3-[(3-Cholamidopropyl)
      dimethylammonio] - propane sulphonate (CHAPS) solubilized the muscarinic receptor
      labelled with [3H]-QNB but not that labelled with [3H]-PZ, in agreement with the
      low affinity of pirenzepine for inhibiting [3H]-QNB binding in CHAPS-solubilized
      preparations. The size of the muscarinic receptor in solution was estimated by
      molecular exclusion h.p.l.c. The digitonin-solubilized muscarinic receptor had a
      molecular weight of 290,000 and the [3H]-QNB and [3H]-PZ binding activities
      behaved identically. The CHAPS-solubilized muscarinic receptor labelled with [3H]
      QNB was apparently of high molecular weight (greater than 1,000,000 Mr),
      indicating the formation of aggregates and/or micelles. In the presence of
      digitonin this form was dissociated into a lower molecular weight species
      (580,000 Mr). These data indicate that the ligand binding component of the
      muscarinic receptor species labelled by both [3H]-QNB and [3H]-PZ exists on the
      same receptor protein, but that the [3H]-PZ binding component in situ is probably
      coupled to other components in the membrane.

PMID- 4052737
TI  - Dangerous pathogens.

PMID- 4052736
TI  - Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society. University of Southampton,
      17th-19th July 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4052738
TI  - Dorsomedial forebrain ablations and home loft association behavior in homing
      pigeons.
AB  - In a series of experiments which involved only short distance experimental
      releases (800 m or less and within view of the home loft), it was demonstrated
      that dorsomedial forebrain ablated pigeons generally failed to reassociate with
      their home loft if the postablation experimental release took place soon
      postablation or if during the time between ablation and experimental release they
      were kept away from their home loft. In contrast, if dorsomedial forebrain
      ablated pigeons were allowed to recover at their home loft prior to experimental
      release, they succeeded in associating with their home loft in a manner similar
      to controls. However, only postablation exposure to a pigeon's own loft was
      sufficient to permit continued home loft association. Pigeons from one loft
      failed to associate with a foreign postablation recovery loft when released
      within sight of it. The results show that dorsomedial forebrain ablations result
      in pigeons which no longer succeed in associating with their home loft; recovery
      from failed home loft association behavior is possible with postablation exposure
      to the home loft, and a pigeon's previous association with a loft was a
      precondition if postablation association was to be affected. The results suggest
      that dorsomedial forebrain ablated pigeons retain something like a 'home loft
      trace' which they can use to mediate retrieval and reformation of the recognition
      properties needed for proper home loft association.

PMID- 4052739
TI  - The effects of display and report order asymmetries on lateralized word
      recognition.
AB  - Word recognition typically is better or faster in the right visual field than in
      the left visual field, an effect that often interacts with the handedness of
      subjects or the phonetic characteristics of the language employed. While these
      findings suggest a hemispheric locus, it is possible that the field difference is
      confounded with display or report order asymmetries. Here two experiments
      manipulate word orientation (horizontal vs. vertical), letter symmetry, and
      report order variables, and they demonstrate a generalized right field
      superiority that fails to interact with other factors. Since the superiority
      appears even when all apparent artifactual asymmetries are eliminated, the
      findings support a hemispheric interpretation.

PMID- 4052740
TI  - Anticipatory coarticulation in a patient with apraxia of speech.
AB  - Articulatory anticipation of vowel gestures was assessed in an apraxic patient, a
      dysarthric patient, and three normal speakers. The technique of assessment
      included perceptual identification of gated speech stimuli. The speech material
      consisted of /getVte/ utterances with the target vowels /i/, /y/, and /u/. In the
      case of the apraxic patient the gated vowels were identified at a later instant
      relative to the preceding plosion burst than in the normal speakers. This result
      was interpreted as reflecting a delayed onset of coarticulatory gestures, in
      particular lip rounding. The identification rates for the dysarthric's vowels
      rather reflected the general reduction of this patient's vowel space.

PMID- 4052741
TI  - Differential cerebral involvement in perceiving Chinese characters: levels of
      processing approach.
AB  - Three experiments were designed to determine the accuracy and latency with which
      right-handed Chinese university students (12 females and 12 males) recognized
      Chinese characters in the left and right visual half-fields (VHFs). The
      experiments varied in the "depth" of processing required. Experiment 1 was a
      lexical decision task in which the configuration of the stimulus (a real Chinese
      character or the mirror image of a real character) determined whether the
      grapheme was an actual character. Experiment 2 required phonological processing;
      i.e., subjects had to decide whether a character (or a foil) matched the sound of
      an orally presented Chinese character. Experiment 3 required semantic processing;
      i.e., subjects had to decide if a character (or a foil) belonged to a particular
      semantic category. In each experiment, single characters were presented
      unilaterally for 150 msec. There was a significant right VHF superiority for
      accuracy scores for Experiments 2 and 3 but not for Experiment 1. None of the
      experiments yielded significant visual asymmetries in reaction time. The results
      do not support previous claims of orthography-specific laterality, but instead
      show that laterality effects for morphemic stimuli vary with the orthographic,
      phonological, and semantic processing demands of the task.

PMID- 4052742
TI  - Hemisphere dynamics in lexical access: automatic and controlled priming.
AB  - Hemisphere differences in lexical processing may be due to asymmetry in the
      organization of lexical information, in procedures used to access the lexicon, or
      both. Six lateralized lexical decision experiments employed various types of
      priming to distinguish among these possibilities. In three controlled (high
      probability) priming experiments, prime words could be used as lexical access
      clues. Larger priming was obtained for orthographically similar stimuli (BEAK
      BEAR) when presented to the left visual field (LVF). Controlled priming based on
      phonological relatedness (JUICE-MOOSE) was equally effective in either visual
      field (VF). Semantic similarity (INCH-YARD) produced larger priming for right
      visual field (RVF) stimuli. These results suggest that the hemispheres may
      utilize different information to achieve lexical access. Spread of activation
      through the lexicon was measured in complementary automatic (low probability)
      priming experiments. Priming was restricted to LVF stimuli for orthographically
      similar words, while priming for phonologically related stimuli was only obtained
      in the RVF. Automatic semantic priming was present bilaterally, but was larger in
      the LVF. These results imply hemisphere differences in lexical organization, with
      orthographic and semantic relationships available to the right hemisphere, and
      phonological and semantic relations available to the left hemisphere. Support was
      obtained for hemisphere asymmetries in both lexical organization and directed
      lexical processing.

PMID- 4052743
TI  - Deep dyslexia in childhood?
AB  - Deep dyslexia is an acquired reading disorder in which semantic substitutions
      (e.g., city read as town) are made in reading single isolated words. In this
      paper, evidence for deep dyslexic-type errors is presented from the word
      recognition responses of six children, aged 7 years and 0 month to 8 years and 9
      months, with severe reading disorders. These semantic substitutions occur in the
      absence of phonological skills. Therefore, it appears that there exists a small
      subset of developmental dyslexics who at the beginning of acquisition of reading
      skills are able to engage in semantic processing, but who show severe impairment
      of phonological processing. The existence of these reading errors indicate that
      the use of a phonological code is not necessary to extract meaning from the
      printed word.

PMID- 4052744
TI  - Phonological dyslexia, lexical analogy, and functional models of oral reading: a
      critique of Bradley and Thomson.
AB  - We discuss some of the interesting features of the investigation of a
      phonological dyslexic patient's ability to read aloud nonwords embedded in words
      reported by Bradley and Thomson (1984, Brain and Language, 22, 292-302). We
      highlight some problems of their interpretation, tentatively suggest an
      alternative explanation in terms of lexical analogy, and conclude by suggesting
      some prescriptive conditions for the legitimacy of extending models of normal
      functioning to account for cognitive neuropsychological data.

PMID- 4052745
TI  - A note on different patterns of impaired and preserved cognitive abilities and
      their relation to episodic memory deficits in Alzheimer's patients.

PMID- 4052746
TI  - Phoneme errors in Broca's aphasia: three Finnish cases.
AB  - The phonemic errors of three Finnish Broca's aphasics were analyzed according to
      various phonological features, frequency of segments, syllable, word, and stress
      positions, as well as for the phonotactic structure of the uncanonical products.
      It was found, e.g., that the distance between the syntagmatic error and its
      source could not be satisfactorily counted by phonemes, since the syllable had to
      be taken into account also in pathological Finnish. As regards the paradigmatic
      dimension of the errors, the number of incorrect features is even here in reverse
      relation to the frequency of the erroneous phonemes. Moreover, it was found that
      pure quantity errors and vowel harmony deviations are infrequent in the speech of
      Finnish Broca's aphasics.

PMID- 4052747
TI  - The right hemisphere and temporal processing of consonant transition durations:
      electrophysiological correlates.
AB  - Auditory evoked responses (AER) were recorded from frontal, temporal, and
      parietal scalp regions to a series of consonant-vowel syllables which varied in
      the duration of the consonant transition. Multivariate analyses of the AER
      waveforms identified one component of the AERs occurring only over right
      hemisphere regions which discriminated between differences in transition
      durations. A second component detected over only left hemisphere areas
      discriminated differences in place of articulation. These data are consistent
      with previous behavioral and electrophysiological reports that the right
      hemisphere is sensitive to temporal discriminations.

PMID- 4052748
TI  - On the Bradley hypothesis concerning agrammatism: the nonword-interference
      effect.
AB  - In 1980, D. C. Bradley, M. F. Garrett, and E. B. Zurif (in D. Caplan (Ed.),
      Biological studies of mental processes, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press) have proposed a
      lexical hypothesis on agrammatism. The theoretical background of this hypothesis
      is described. Then two experiments are reported with normal speakers on the so
      called nonword-interference effect that has been one of the two major sources of
      experimental evidence for this hypothesis. The first experiment replicates the
      original finding that the interference effect is found when the nonword starts
      with a content word but not when it starts with a function word. In the second
      experiment, it is shown that this contrast is due to an artifact of the
      composition of the word list. When this list contains both content and function
      words, rather than only content words--as in Bradley's experiments and our
      Experiment I--both content and function nonwords show an equally sized
      interference effect. The consequences for the lexical hypothesis are discussed.

PMID- 4052749
TI  - Stress induced analgesia: its opioid nature depends on the strain of rat but not
      on the mode of induction.
AB  - Reports by several investigators have shown that both opioid and non-opioid
      analgesia can be induced by non-pharmacological manipulations such as the
      administration of electric shock, and that such analgesia depends on shock
      parameters, the affective state of the animal and the region of the body shocked.
      We tested several manipulations which have been reported to induce opioid
      analgesia using a local strain of rats (CR). Such manipulations included the used
      of 30 min of intermittent footshock (3 mA, 1 s on, 5 s off), brief shock to the
      forepaws, transpinal electroconvulsive shock (ECS) and tail shock induced
      helplessness. Administration of either naloxone or naltrexone to rats of the CR
      strain failed to attenuate the analgesic effect of these manipulations and in
      some cases even enhanced analgesia. The existence of functional opioid analgesia
      systems in CR rats was evident from the fact that electrical stimulation of the
      periaqueductal gray area produced naloxone sensitive analgesia. In additional
      experiments we compared the analgesic effect of brief continuous (3 min)
      footshock, prolonged intermittent footshock (30 min) and ECS in young (less than
      75 days of age) and old (greater than 75 days of age) rats of the Sabra strain.
      Young Sabra rats showed naloxone sensitive analgesia following all 3
      manipulations while adult rats displayed analgesia which was naloxone
      insensitive. Furthermore, no decrement in learning, indicative of helplessness,
      could be demonstrated in young Sabras following 3 min of shock which induced
      naloxone sensitive analgesia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052750
TI  - Electromyographic and neuromuscular force patterns associated with unexpectedly
      loaded rapid limb movements.
AB  - A series of ballistic, unidirectional arm movements were studied to evaluate the
      electromyographic (EMG) and neuromuscular force patterns that occur when a limb
      is unexpectedly perturbed. Multiple training trials were continued with a control
      load spring attached to the apparatus until a pre-specified criterion for
      learning was attained. The limb was then unexpectedly loaded with one of four
      test load springs. Examination of the integrated EMG records revealed a
      coactivation pattern of neuromuscular activity during a major part of the
      movement. Analysis of applied force data supported the notion of sustained
      agonist activity. Reciprocal innervation and coactivation patterns were
      considered in terms of a common motor control system as proposed by the
      equilibrium point control hypothesis. Manifestation of coactivation rather than
      reciprocation in the present study was discussed in terms of the execution of
      unloaded/inertially loaded movements and variable loaded movements.

PMID- 4052751
TI  - Contralateral circling behavior induced by intranigral microinjections of taurine
      and GABA in rats.
AB  - Circling behavior induced by unilateral microinjections of taurine and gamma
      aminobutyric acid (GABA) into the substantia nigra zona reticulata (SNR) was
      studied in rats. Both taurine (10-100 micrograms/rat) and GABA (30-300
      micrograms/rat) induced the contralateral circling behavior in a dose-dependent
      manner when they were microinjected into the SNR. Neither compound induced
      ipsilateral circling. An ipsilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into
      the nucleus caudatus putamen (CPU) caused a reduction of the dopamine (DA)
      content in the injected side and decreased the circling behavior induced by
      taurine but not GABA. Electrolesion of the ipsilateral nucleus ventromedialis
      thalami (VM) decreased both taurine- and GABA-induced circling. In contrast, only
      GABA-induced circling was reduced by the electrolesion of the ipsilateral nucleus
      parafascicularis thalami (PF). Electrolesion of the ipsilateral nucleus accumbens
      (ACB) did not modify the circling behavior induced by GABA, but did decrease the
      circling induced by taurine. Electrolesion of the ipsilateral globus pallidus
      (GP) or nucleus entopeduncularis (EP) did not attenuate the circling behavior
      induced by either taurine or GABA. These results suggest that taurine-induced
      circling behavior may be mediated by the nigrostriatal-nigrothalamic system, and
      the ACB. In contrast, the nigrothalamic system may play an important role in GABA
      induced circling behavior.

PMID- 4052753
TI  - Dynamics of cholinergic synaptic mechanisms in rat hippocampus after stress.
AB  - Changes in high affinity [3H]choline uptake, newly synthesized [3H]acetylcholine
      release and [3H]quinuclidinylbenzilate (QNB) binding were characterized in crude
      synaptosomal preparations from rat hippocampus immediately after different
      intervals of immobilization stress and at different times following chronic
      intermittent stress (2h once daily for 5 days). Choline uptake was increased to
      125% of unhandled controls after 10 min of stress, after 2 h it returned to
      control levels and after chronic stress uptake was reduced to 75% of control.
      Acetylcholine release was enhanced after all stress intervals. Maximal muscarinic
      (QNB) binding capacity (Bmax) was increased to 135% of control only after chronic
      stress, with no change in Kd values. Following chronic stress the changes
      observed in cholinergic synaptic mechanisms all persist for up to 2 days.
      Recovery occurred only by the 7th post-stress day. We conclude: presynaptic
      hippocampal cholinergic terminals are rapidly activated by stressful stimuli and
      this is expressed by an increase in choline uptake and newly synthesized
      acetylcholine release; after prolonged periods of stress adaptive changes in the
      cholinergic terminals are expressed by a reduction in choline uptake and an
      elevation in the number of muscarinic binding sites; and the chronic stress
      induced changes are slow to recover. The results demonstrate that the septo
      hippocampal cholinergic system is an integral part of the adaptive response to
      stress.

PMID- 4052754
TI  - Initial growth of transplanted E11 fetal cortex and spinal cord in adult rat
      spinal cord.
AB  - Fetal CNS (cortex and spinal cord) transplants survive and grow in the spinal
      cord of adult rats. The present experiments study the initial stages (10 days) to
      determine the developmental pattern of early (E11) fetal cortex and spinal cord
      transplants implanted into the T6 spinal cord of adult rats (n = 50). Controls
      were age-matched fetuses or pups from the donor females and surgical and vehicle
      controls (n = 20). E11 fetal cortex (0.5 X 1.0 mm pieces of neuroepithelium) or
      spinal cord (1.0 mm) were dissected from caesarean delivered fetuses from time
      pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. The fetal tissue was pressure-injected between the
      dorsal horn and dorsal column of the host. Hosts were prepared for light and
      electron microscopy 1, 3, 7 and 10 days postimplantation (DPI). At 1 DPI, ovoid,
      ventriculated multiple neuroepithelia formed in an implantation-induced cyst in
      the host spinal cord. The inner layer of cells lining the ventricle of the ovoid
      neuroepithelia was actively dividing. The nuclei of the cells differentiated as
      they reached the surface of the neuroepithelium. This pattern was repeated at 3
      10 DPI. At 7-10 DPI, differentiated neurons and neuroglia surrounded actively
      dividing neuroepithelia. These cells comprised the bulk of the transplant in the
      cyst. Transplanted mesenchymal cells formed pockets of cartilage in the implanted
      spinal cord. Although transplanted CNS consisted of only neuroepithelial cells,
      they differentiated into neurons that were typical for cortex or spinal cord.
      These data indicate that the transplanted E11 fetal tissue formed neuroepithelia
      which established the pattern of growth for these transplants.

PMID- 4052755
TI  - Differential corticospinal projections in the cat. An autoradiographic tracing
      study.
AB  - An autoradiographic study of the corticospinal projections from different parts
      of the cat sensorimotor cortex produced the following findings. The lateral part
      of area 4 projects contralaterally to the lateral intermediate zone of the
      cervical enlargement only. The intermediate part of area 4 projects throughout
      the spinal cord, contralaterally to the lateral part of the intermediate zone and
      bilaterally to its ventromedial part. The lateral and medial part of area 3
      project contralaterally to the cervical and lumbosacral dorsal horn (including
      laminae I and II), respectively.

PMID- 4052752
TI  - Suppression of norepinephrine-elicited feeding by neurotensin: evidence for
      behavioral, anatomical and pharmacological specificity.
AB  - Neurotensin (NT) injected into the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) has
      been shown to suppress feeding behavior. To investigate whether this suppression
      generalizes to feeding elicited by norepinephrine injection, rats with bilateral
      PVN cannulas were injected with NT (3.0 nmol/cannula) or vehicle followed by
      norepinephrine (20.0 nmol/cannula). Pretreatment with NT caused a 48% reduction
      in feeding elicited by norepinephrine. To determine whether NT's effect resulted
      from non-specific behavioral effects or leakage into the periphery, NT (0.25,
      1.25 or 6.0 nmol) was injected ipsilateral or contralateral to a unilateral
      norepinephrine (40.0 nmol) injection. Ipsilateral NT produced a dose-dependent
      suppression of norepinephrine-elicited feeding which was significantly greater
      than the effect of contralateral NT, suggesting that NT's effect was at least
      partially behaviorally and anatomically specific. To investigate the
      pharmacological specificity of the suppression, rats that ate in response to PVN
      norepinephrine (40.0 nmol) were given prior injections of NT or one of six NT
      fragments at 0.25, 1.25, 6.0 or 30.0 nmol. NT and the C-terminal fragments 3-13
      and 6-13 caused a dose-dependent suppression of feeding. In contrast, none of the
      N-terminal fragments (i.e. 1-8, 1-11 or 1-12) were effective. This specificity
      rules out non-specific changes in parameters such as pH or osmotic pressure and
      suggests that the anorectic effect may have been mediated by NT receptors.

PMID- 4052756
TI  - Exploration of a hole-board matrix in nervous mutant mice.
AB  - Nervous mutant mice and normal littermate controls explored a 4 X 4 hole matrix
      for 3 consecutive days. No difference was found between the groups for the
      following measures: total number of hole visits, visits to the center holes, and
      visits to contiguous holes or different holes. However, nervous mutants
      persevered more in visiting the same hole than controls. These results are
      discussed in terms of a possible role for the cerebellum in spatial working
      memory, similar to that suggested for the hippocampus.

PMID- 4052757
TI  - Effects of stimulation of midline inhibitory area within the pontine tegmentum on
      scratch reflex.
AB  - Effects of stimulation of the midline inhibitory area of the dorsal tegmental
      field (DTF) in the pons on the fictive scratch reflex were studied in decerebrate
      immobilized cats. The fictive scratch reflex was evoked by tactile stimulation of
      the pinna. DTF stimulation suppressed both the scratch-related rhythmical
      activities of the nerves (ENGs) supplying m. lateralis gastrocnemius and m.
      tibialis anterior, and of the interneurons at the 'leading' area of the spinal
      cord (L5 segment) where the scratch rhythm generator is presumably located.

PMID- 4052758
TI  - Enduring enhancement in frontal cortex dopamine utilization in an animal model of
      amphetamine psychosis.
AB  - It is reported that in rats the repeated intermittent administration of
      amphetamine produces a long-lasting enhancement in medial frontal cortex dopamine
      utilization. This change in mesocortical dopamine activity may be involved in the
      behavioral sensitization produced by psychomotor stimulant drugs, and some of the
      cognitive abnormalities (e.g. amphetamine psychosis) associated with stimulant
      drug abuse in humans.

PMID- 4052759
TI  - Autoradiographic localization of kainic acid binding sites in the human
      hippocampus.
AB  - Autoradiographic localization of kainic acid binding sites has been determined in
      postmortem human hippocampi. The results reveal that these binding sites are
      present in regions vulnerable to epilepsy, in particular the terminal field of
      the mossy fibers.

PMID- 4052760
TI  - Stimulus-related correlations between medial gastrocnemius muscle tension and
      homonymous motoneuron membrane potential result from non-linearities.
AB  - In anesthetized cats, medial gastrocnemius motor units (MUs) were electrically
      stimulated via their ventral-root axons with independent random patterns. Muscle
      tension and homonymous alpha-motoneuron (alpha-MN) membrane potential
      fluctuations in response to these stimuli were recorded simultaneously. Cross
      correlating these two signals in temporal relation to the stimuli showed the
      covariance of the two signals around their respective means. With moderate to
      strong MU-MN couplings indicated by clear and large average membrane potential
      changes (PSP trajectories), the correlation coefficients tended to be positive at
      times when the PSP hyperpolarized, and vice versa. These relations are probably
      caused by the non-linear behavior of MUs, muscle receptors and afferent pathways.
      Thus, the signal transfer from motor efferents back to homonymous alpha-MNs
      depended upon the level of background tension, upon which MU twitches were
      superimposed.

PMID- 4052761
TI  - Direction-specific adaptation in area MT of the owl monkey.
AB  - Single neurons were recorded in owl monkey middle temporal visual cortex (MT).
      Directional neurons showed direction-selective adaptation to pattern motion:
      responses to motion in the preferred direction were reduced by adaptation to
      motion in the preferred direction and enhanced by adaptation in the opposite
      direction. Non-directional neurons did not show significant adaptation.

PMID- 4052762
TI  - Changes in anterior pituitary hormone secretion and hypothalamic catecholamine
      metabolism during morphine withdrawal in the female rat.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to evaluate the acute responses of hypothalamic
      noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons and anterior pituitary hormones to
      naloxone (NAL)-precipitated morphine (MOR) withdrawal in the rat. Ovariectomized
      female rats were rendered MOR-dependent and injected with NAL (1 mg/kg b.w.,
      s.c.). During precipitated MOR withdrawal, a decline in norepinephrine (NE)
      concentrations was preceded by an increase in the level of its metabolite
      normetanephrine (NME) in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) as well as the
      preoptic area-anterior hypothalamus (POA-AH). Both dopamine (DA) and its major
      acid metabolite, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), showed increased
      concentrations in these two hypothalamic regions within 30 min of NAL
      administration. Elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) and beta-endorphin secretion
      was evident within 5 min of NAL injection to MOR-dependent rats, while serum
      prolactin (PRL) increased 15 min into MOR withdrawal. Both growth hormone (GH)
      and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were depressed over the course of MOR
      withdrawal. Although a cause and effect relationship cannot be established,
      during NAL-precipitated MOR withdrawal, a heightened hypothalamic monoaminergic
      neuronal activity is accompanied by a differential response of anterior pituitary
      hormones. The observed responses, which are similar to those seen during acute
      stress, indicate that MOR withdrawal may activate the same mechanisms which
      mediate the neuroendocrine response to stress.

PMID- 4052763
TI  - Subfornical organ neurons with efferent projections to the hypothalamic
      paraventricular nucleus: an electrophysiological study in the rat.
AB  - Seventeen neurons in the subfornical organ (SFO) were antidromically activated by
      electrical stimulation of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the rat. The
      activity of all identified SFO neurons was excited by microiontophoretically
      (MIPh) applied angiotensin II (AII) and the effect of AII was blocked by MIPh
      applied saralasin (Sar), an AII antagonist, but not by atropine (Atr), a
      muscarinic antagonist. In these identified SFO neurons, 9 were also excited and 8
      were not affected by MIPh-applied acetylcholine (ACh) and the effect of ACh was
      attenuated by not only MIPh-applied Atr but also by Sar. These results suggest
      that there are specific AII- and both AII- and ACh-sensitive types of SFO neurons
      with efferent projections to the PVN.

PMID- 4052764
TI  - Effects of sea water temperature on bursting pacemaker activity in cell R15 in
      the intact Aplysia.
AB  - Thermosensitivity of bursting pacemaker activity (BPA) in neuron R15 of Aplysia
      was compared in an intact preparation and after excision of the ganglion
      containing R15. We noted no differences indicative of an in situ antagonism of
      cooling-induced suppression of BPA. Interruption of circulation hastened
      hemolymph cooling during exposure of the animal to cold sea water, suggesting
      mechanisms to protect R15 and other cells from transient cooling of the animal.

PMID- 4052765
TI  - Convulsive and non-convulsive ethanol withdrawal behaviour in rats with lesions
      of the noradrenergic locus coeruleus system.
AB  - The ascending noradrenergic pathways from the locus coeruleus were lesioned
      bilaterally in 10 rats by intracerebral 6-hydroxydopamine injections. Ten rats
      were sham-operated. All animals were subjected to a 4-day ethanol intoxication
      period using intragastric intubation. Intoxication and withdrawal assessments
      were performed blindly. The 6-hydroxydopamine lesions did not appear to affect
      tolerance to ethanol. During withdrawal, however, lesioned animals showed minor,
      but statistically significant changes in scores of certain non-convulsive
      withdrawal signs, but incidence and intensity of spontaneous and audiogenic
      convulsive seizures were not different between the groups.

PMID- 4052766
TI  - Long ascending projections of the spinal dorsal horn in a teleost, Sebastiscus
      marmoratus.
AB  - Ascending projections of the spinal cord in a teleost, Sebastiscus marmoratus,
      were studied by means of the horseradish peroxidase tracing method. Projecting
      fibers were observed in the reticular formation, vagal lobe, octaval nuclei, a
      dorsomedial portion of the descending nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, corpus
      cerebelli and nucleus ventromedialis thalami.

PMID- 4052767
TI  - Demonstration of ipsilateral retinocollicular projections in the tree shrew
      (Tupaia glis).
AB  - Ipsilateral retinocollicular projections labeled by anterograde transport of
      wheatgerm agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate in the tree shrew
      were examined. For those animals in which this pathway was demonstrated (4 of 14)
      ipsilateral collicular labeling extended across approximately the anterior two
      thirds of the colliculus, with the exception of the extreme rostral pole.
      Labeling was invariably punctuate and spaced at regular intervals in the lower
      stratum griseum superficiale. The laminar distribution and patchy terminations of
      ipsilateral projections are discussed in relation to two apparently independent
      pathways originating in the temporal retina, the crossed and uncrossed collicular
      pathways.

PMID- 4052768
TI  - The roles of reactive gliosis and mitosis on tropic factor production in
      traumatized nervous system tissue.
AB  - Proximal stumps of rat sciatic nerves were attached to inlet ends of Y-shaped
      silastic implants and offered a 'choice' of growing toward an Elvax pellet
      containing homogenate from previously crushed optic nerve which had been exposed
      to saline or cytosine arabinofuranoside (AraC). Previous studies indicate that
      AraC administration inhibits reactive gliosis in crushed optic nerve.
      Preferential or exclusive growth of axons occurred in implant forks attached to
      pellets containing saline- (vs drug-) exposed optic nerve homogenates. In
      contrast, inhibition of Schwann cell mitosis had no discernible effect on tropic
      factor production in distal stumps of transected sciatic nerves. Tropic activity
      of homogenates from cultures containing reactive-like astrocytes was nearly 4
      times higher than homogenates not containing these cells. Results suggest a
      possible link between formation of hypertrophic reactive astrocytes and
      production of neurotropic factor.

PMID- 4052769
TI  - Targeting of scrapie lesions and spread of agent via the retino-tectal
      projection.
AB  - Scrapie infectivity and degenerative vacuolation was initially localized within
      the contralateral superior colliculus following intraocular injection. The time
      course of these events was prolonged. With the ME7 strain of scrapie in Sincs7
      genotype mice, infectivity began to rise in the superior colliculus from about 70
      days, followed by the earliest asymmetrical lesions there from 120 days, with
      death occurring at about 250 days, at which time vacuolar degeneration was
      widespread in the brain. With other mouse Sinc genotype mouse/agent strain
      combinations the process was even further prolonged. With 87V scrapie strain in
      Sincp7 genotype mice the first lesions to appear were in the contralateral tectum
      at 300 days. It is concluded that scrapie agent can spread within ganglion cell
      axons.

PMID- 4052770
TI  - Effects of lesions in the hypothalamic paraventricular, supraoptic and
      suprachiasmatic nuclei on vasopressin and oxytocin in rat brain and spinal cord.
AB  - The content of arginine vasopressin and oxytocin in various extrahypothalamic
      sites of the rat brain and spinal cord was determined by specific
      radioimmunoassays after lesions had been made in either the paraventricular
      (PVN), supraoptic (SON) or suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). In some animals all 3
      nuclei were destroyed together. The PVN provided a considerable amount of the
      vasopressin innervation of the solitary tract nucleus, and most of that in the
      spinal cord. Oxytocin was removed from some areas after lesions of the PVN and,
      again, most of this peptide was lost from the spinal cord. Lesions of the SCN did
      not appear to be followed by significant quantitative changes in either hormone
      in any of the areas studied. Lesions of the SON resulted in loss of oxytocin,
      particularly in the periventricular grey and some other areas, suggesting that
      extrahypothalamic projections from this nucleus may be more important than was
      previously assumed. Lesions of all 3 nuclei which included destruction of
      accessory hypothalamic nuclei resulted in a much more widespread loss of
      vasopressin and oxytocin, but there was preservation of both peptides in the
      dorsal raphe nucleus and much of those present in the locus coeruleus. It is
      concluded that the contribution of the classical hypothalamic nuclei to the
      extrahypothalamic content of vasopressin and oxytocin in rat brain is less than
      was originally believed, and that there are areas of the brain such as the locus
      coeruleus and dorsal raphe nucleus in which the source of these peptides may be
      outside the hypothalamus.

PMID- 4052771
TI  - Differential responses of L5 and rat primary muscle cells to factors in rat brain
      extract.
AB  - Crude brain extract (100,000 g supernate from newborn or fetal rat brain
      homogenate) was studied for its effects on the number and distribution of
      acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on myotubes of the L5 cloned myogenic cell line
      and compared to that of rat primary cultures. Gamma counting, light
      autoradiography and scanning electron microscopic autoradiography were used. We
      found that the L5 cells responded to the brain extract with an increase in the
      average AChR site density (2-5-fold) and with an increase in AChR clustering.
      Clustering was manifested by both an increase in the number of AChR clusters and
      in the ratio of receptor site density within clusters relative to that between
      clusters. The increase in average AChR site density was shown to be due to an
      increase in the rate of AChR insertion into the surface membrane with little
      change in the rate of receptor degradation. As also previously reported, the rat
      myotubes had a similar clustering response but only a very slight (approximately
      1.2-fold) increase in average AChR site density. The surface area of myotubes was
      also increased slightly (approximately 1.2-1.3-fold) by the brain extract.
      Autoradiography viewed by scanning EM was found to be very useful in illustrating
      the shape and distribution of the receptor clusters. After the brain extract was
      fractionated on Sephadex G-200, the fractions with greatest clustering activity
      could be separated from those causing predominantly an increase in receptor site
      density. Increased receptor site density was primarily produced by the low
      molecular weight fractions (less than 12 kD), whereas the strongest (but not
      exclusive) effect on clustering was produced by the high molecular weight
      fractions (greater than 140 kD). Furthermore, the two cell types assayed had
      different sensitivity to the different factors. L5 cells responded to both the
      high and low molecular weight factors while rat primary cells are sensitive
      primarily to the high molecular weight factors.

PMID- 4052772
TI  - Is the hindlimb representation of the rat's cortex a 'sensorimotor amalgam'?
AB  - In the rat, the hindlimb representation of the sensorimotor cortex is
      characterized by the presence of large pyramids in the fifth layer and a dense
      granular layer ('sensorimotor amalgam'). The objective was to investigate in the
      rat, whether or not the efferent zones to the gastrocnemius muscle and the
      proprioceptive feedback projection from that muscle to the cortex are co
      extensive. To this end, the proprioceptive zone was mapped by means of field
      potentials and single unit discharges evoked by controlled longitudinal
      displacements of the gastrocnemius tendon. The efferent zones to the
      gastrocnemius muscle were mapped by means of intracortical microstimulation
      (ICMS; less than 30 microA). The proprioceptive zone occupied a territory
      extending from 1.0 to 2.5 mm caudal to the bregma and from 2.0 to 3.0 mm lateral
      from the midline. The response properties were similar to those observed
      previously in area 3a of monkeys. For sinusoidal displacements threshold
      amplitude decreased with increasing stretch frequency. The modal value of
      response latency was 7 ms, the shortest latency 4 ms. The ICMS zone lay 0.5 to
      1.5 mm caudal to bregma having an overlap of 0.5 mm with the proprioceptive
      region. The proprioceptive as well as the motor areas lay within the granular
      cortex, but overlapped only to a small extent.

PMID- 4052774
TI  - Acetylcholine receptors of human skeletal muscle: a species difference detected
      by snake neurotoxins.
AB  - The binding abilities of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) of the
      skeletal muscles of man and other vertebrates to two typical curaremimetic
      toxins, erabutoxin b (Eb) and alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BT), were investigated.
      Fluorescent microscopy using rhodamine-labeled erabutoxin b (TMR-Eb) and FITC
      labeled alpha-bungarotoxin (FITC-alpha-BT) revealed that AChRs of human and
      chimpanzee muscles were stained with FITC-alpha-BT, but not with TMR-Eb. In
      contrast, the AChRs of mouse muscle were stained with both fluorescent toxins.
      The stainings of human and chimpanzee AChRs with FITC-alpha-BT were inhibited by
      preincubation with unmodified alpha-BT, but not with either unmodified Eb or
      other short-chain neurotoxins. Binding experiments using 125I-labeled Eb
      ([125I]Eb) and 125I-labeled alpha-BT ([125I]alpha-BT) showed that the affinity of
      human AChRs for [125I]Eb was unusually low. Electrophysiological experiments
      showed that both acetylcholine potential and end-plate potential of human muscle
      were blocked by addition of alpha-BT, but not by Eb. On the contrary,
      acetylcholine potential of rat muscle was blocked by addition of Eb. All these
      results indicate that AChRs of human and chimpanzee muscles are different from
      those of other animals in having an exceptionally low affinity for Eb and other
      short-chain neurotoxins. The results suggest a heterogeneity among vertebrate
      AChRs concerning their reactivities to curaremimetic toxins.

PMID- 4052773
TI  - Memory impairments following basal forebrain lesions.
AB  - The functional contribution of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) and
      medial septal area (MSA) to memory was evaluated in 4 behavioral tasks. The tasks
      were postoperative acquisition of a win-stay spatial discrimination in a T-maze,
      a win-shift spatial discrimination on a radial arm maze, active avoidance in a
      shuttle box, and passive avoidance in a shuttle box. Bilateral lesions were made
      by injecting ibotenic acid (IBO) into the NBM or MSA. Control rats received
      operations in which no neurotoxin was injected. When compared to controls, rats
      with lesions in either the NBM or MSA had significantly impaired choice accuracy
      in the T-maze and radial maze tasks, took significantly fewer trials to reach
      criterion in the acquisition, but not the retention of an active avoidance task,
      and significantly more trials to reach criterion in the passive avoidance task.
      The results show that equivalent behavioral changes are obtained from lesions in
      the NBM and MSA in tasks that vary in their type of motivation, reinforcement,
      response-reinforcement contingency, and response. These behavioral changes
      suggest that the NBM and MSA may both be involved in memory.

PMID- 4052775
TI  - A [14C]2-deoxyglucose analysis of the functional neural pathways of the limbic
      forebrain in the rat. V. The septal area.
AB  - The [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) metabolic mapping technique has been used to
      identify the regions responding with an augmented rate of metabolism following
      focal electrical stimulation of various sites within the lateral septal nucleus
      and medial septal nucleus/diagonal band (MSN/DB) complex in the rat. Since 2-DG
      uptake has been correlated with rates of functional activity, it was the
      intention of this study to suggest the anatomical substrates underlying various
      physiological and behavioral responses elicited by stimulation of the septal
      area. The results show that stimulation of any region within the lateral septal
      nucleus produced a profound bilateral activation of both the lateral septal
      nucleus, as well as the hippocampal formation. While stimulation of a number of
      different fiber systems associated with the lateral septum could contribute to
      the observed pattern of labeling, the data suggest that, functionally, a major
      consequence of such stimulation is the antidromic activation of CA3----lateral
      septum fibers to axonal branch points, beyond which, orthodromic propagation of
      the impulse produces activation in CA3 target regions, including subfields CA1
      and CA3, as well as the lateral septal nucleus, bilaterally. In addition, regions
      typically manifesting metabolic activation following stimulation of the lateral
      septal nucleus included the ipsilateral diagonal band of Broca, nucleus
      accumbens, lateral preoptic area and lateral hypothalamus, posteriorly, and the
      prelimbic cortex, anteriorly. Occasionally, target regions of the postcommissural
      fornix, including the medial mammillary nucleus and anterior thalamic nuclei were
      also activated following stimulation of the lateral septal nucleus. In contrast
      to the widespread pattern of activation resulting from stimulation of the lateral
      septal nucleus, stimulation of the MSN/DB complex produced activation which was
      largely confined to the medial forebrain bundle. In a final phase of the
      experiment, afterdischarge activity was elicited by sodium penicillin injection
      into the lateral septal nucleus. Such treatment produced more widespread 2-DG
      uptake, including more extensive activation within the lateral septal nucleus,
      hippocampal formation, amygdala, and thalamus. Additionally, the prefrontal
      cortex and temporal neocortex were activated.

PMID- 4052776
TI  - Quantitative autoradiographic mapping of serotonin receptors in the rat brain. I.
      Serotonin-1 receptors.
AB  - The distribution of serotonin-1 (5-HT1) receptors in the rat brain was studied by
      light microscopic quantitative autoradiography. Receptors were labeled with
      [3H]serotonin (5-[3H]HT), 8-hydroxy-2-[N-dipropylamino-3H]tetralin (8-OH-
      [3H]DPAT), [3H]LSD and [3H]mesulergine, and the densities quantified by
      microdensitometry with the aid of a computer-assisted image-analysis system.
      Competition experiments for 5-[3H]HT binding by several serotonin-1 agonists led
      to the identification of brain areas enriched in each one of the three subtypes
      of 5-HT1 recognition sites already described (5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1C). The
      existence of these 'selective' areas allowed a detailed pharmacological
      characterization of these sites to be made in a more precise manner than has been
      attained in membrane-binding studies. While 5-[3H]HT labeled with nanomolar
      affinity all the 5-HT1 subtypes, the other 3H-labeled ligands labeled selectively
      5-HT1A (8-OH-[3H]DPAT), 5-HT1C ([3H]mesulergine) and both of them ([3H]LSD). Very
      high concentrations of 5-HT1 receptors were localized in the choroid plexus,
      lateroseptal nucleus, globus pallidus and ventral pallidum, dentate gyrus, dorsal
      subiculum, olivary pretectal nucleus, substantia nigra, reticular and external
      layer of the entorhinal cortex. The different fields of the hippocampus (CA1
      CA4), some nuclei of the amygdaloid complex, the hypothalamic nuclei and the
      dorsal raphe, among others, also presented high concentrations of sites. Areas
      containing intermediate densities of 5-HT1 receptors included the claustrum,
      olfactory tubercle, accumbens, central grey and lateral cerebellar nucleus. The
      nucleus caudate-putamen and the cortex, at the different levels studied,
      presented receptor densities ranging from intermediate to low. Finally, in other
      brain areas--pons, medulla, spinal cord--only low or very low concentrations of 5
      HT1 receptors were found. From the areas strongly enriched in 5-HT1 sites,
      dentate gyrus and septal nucleus contained 5-HT1A sites, while globus pallidus,
      dorsal subiculum, substantia nigra and olivary pretectal nucleus were enriched in
      5-HT1B. The sites in the choroid plexus, which presented the highest density of
      receptors in the rat brain, were of the 5-HT1C subtype. The distribution of 5-HT1
      receptors reported here is discussed in correlation with the distribution of
      serotoninergic neurons and fibers, the related anatomical pathways and the
      effects which appear to be mediated by these sites.

PMID- 4052777
TI  - Quantitative autoradiographic mapping of serotonin receptors in the rat brain.
      II. Serotonin-2 receptors.
AB  - The distribution of serotonin-2 (5-HT2) receptors in the rat brain was studied by
      light microscopic quantitative autoradiography. Receptors were labeled with four
      ligands: [3H]ketanserin, [3H]mesulergine, [3H]LSD and [3H]spiperone, which are
      reported to show high affinity for 5-HT2 receptors. Co-incubation with increasing
      concentrations of several well-known 5-HT2-selective drugs, such as pirenperone,
      cinanserin and ketanserin, resulted in an inhibition of the binding of the four
      3H-labeled ligands to the same areas. However, all of them recognized, in
      addition to 5-HT2 sites, other populations of binding sites. Receptor densities
      were quantified by microdensitometry with the aid of a computer-assisted image
      analysis system. Our results reveal a heterogeneous distribution of 5-HT2
      receptor densities in the rat brain. Very high concentrations were localized in
      the claustrum, olfactory tubercle and layer IV of the neocortex. The anterior
      olfactory nucleus, piriform cortex and layer I of neocortex were also rich in 5
      HT2 receptors. Intermediate concentrations of receptors were found in caudate
      putamen, nucleus accumbens, layer V of neocortex, ventral dentate gyrus and
      mammillary bodies. Areas containing only low concentrations of receptors included
      the thalamus, hippocampus, brainstem, medulla, cerebellum and spinal cord. The
      specificity of the different ligands used is discussed in terms of the other
      populations of sites recognized by them. The distribution of 5-HT2 receptors here
      reported is discussed in correlation with (a) the known distribution of
      serotoninergic terminals, (b) the specific anatomical systems and (c) the central
      effects reported to be mediated by 5-HT2-selective drugs.

PMID- 4052778
TI  - Multiple high affinity binding sites for 5-hydroxytryptamine: a new class of
      sites distinct from 5-HT1 and S2.
AB  - Two different classes of binding sites probably related to serotonergic receptors
      have already been reported: 5-HT1 binding sites recognize [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine
      with a high affinity (Kd = 3 nM) and S2 binding sites recognize [3H]spiroperidol
      and [3H]ketanserine. An additional population of sites has been observed in crude
      membrane preparations or fractions enriched with synaptosomal membranes obtained
      from rat brain cortex. This population was observed as a single class of sites in
      a synaptosomal fraction (L fraction--according to Laduron (1977)). It
      corresponded to a dissociation constant Kd = 13-15 nM, and Bmax = 0.80 +/- 0.15
      pmol/mg protein. Displacement experiments showed that it recognized
      preferentially the 5-HT structure (bufotenin, 5-MeO-tryptamine). Tryptamine was a
      weak displacer and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine totally inefficient. Neither 8-OH
      DPAT, nor quipazine had any effect. Methiothepin, cinanserin and cyproheptadine
      displaced 5-HT from these sites whereas ergot derivatives did not. Contrary to 5
      HT1 binding, this recently observed binding was not altered by GTP; alpha-MSH
      reduced the corresponding Bmax whereas Leu-enkephalin did not. The degenerative
      lesion of the serotonergic fibers led to a slight increase in the Bmax of the
      binding without altering the Kd which means that corresponding sites are not
      located on serotonergic fibers and might be postsynaptically located.

PMID- 4052779
TI  - [125I]Tyr-bradykinin binding in primary rat brain cultures.
AB  - Kinins bind to specific, high affinity recognition sites in rat brain cell
      culture. Studies in these cultures minimize non-specific binding and degradation
      of the ligand. Binding of [125I]Tyr-bradykinin to intact cultured brain cells
      from neonatal rats was time- and pH-dependent. Scatchard analysis of saturation
      experiments yielded two affinity components with dissociation constant and
      maximum binding site concentration averaging 1 nM and 100 fmol/mg protein, and 16
      nM and 1000 fmol/mg protein, respectively. The binding sites were specific for
      kinins and kinin analogues, and the order of potency in competing for [125I]Tyr
      bradykinin binding was Lys-bradykinin greater than bradykinin greater than Tyr
      bradykinin greater than Tyr8-bradykinin much much greater than Des-Arg9
      bradykinin. Monovalent and divalent cations inhibited kinin binding. Comparison
      of competition curves performed in glial-enriched vs neuron-enriched cultures
      suggested that the kinin binding sites resided primarily on neurons. These data
      enhance the existing evidence suggesting kinins as neurotransmitters or
      neuromodulators.

PMID- 4052780
TI  - Modulation of salt appetite by lateral ventricular infusions of angiotensin II
      and carbachol during sodium depletion.
AB  - Infusions of angiotensin II (AII) or carbachol (CBC) into the lateral ventricles
      of rats which had been depleted of sodium 4 h previously with either furosemide
      or polyethylene glycol produced significant changes in salt appetite and sodium
      and water balances relative to rats infused with saline vehicle. Infusions of AII
      enhanced the salt appetite and led to rapid retention of both sodium and water.
      Infusions of CBC abolished the salt appetite and consequently did not produce any
      increase in sodium balance. Water intake was greater in both AII- and CBC-infused
      than in vehicle-infused rats and water balances increased during CBC infusion,
      causing severe dilution of plasma osmolality, sodium and potassium
      concentrations. Carbachol thus suppressed salt appetite, despite a considerable
      worsening of the condition of body sodium in these hypovolemic animals.
      Angiotensin II facilitated the appetite and this enhancement was not secondary to
      any natriuresis produced by AII infusions.

PMID- 4052782
TI  - Effects of preoptic and hypothalamic thermal stimulation on electrical activity
      of neurosecretory cells in the supraoptic nucleus.
AB  - In anesthetized rats, the effect of preoptic-hypothalamic thermal stimulation was
      studied on supraoptic neurosecretory cells identified antidromically. More than
      70% of the supraoptic neurons responded to preoptic-hypothalamic thermal
      stimulation in two different manners. Forty-five percent of these responding
      neurons increased and decreased their firing activities during rise and fall in
      preoptic temperature, respectively, and did not show any transient alteration in
      the activities. The remaining 55% transiently altered firing activities during
      change in temperature, but the activity depended on level of the temperature in
      the steady state. In almost all neurons of either type, averaged firing rates
      were minimal at preoptic-hypothalamic temperatures below 36 degrees C and maximal
      at temperatures above 39 degrees C. In 73% of the thermally responsive neurons,
      firing rate changed simultaneously with arterial blood pressure. In the remaining
      27%, however, neuronal responses were observed without any fluctuation in the
      blood pressure. These results suggest that activities of the supraoptic
      neurosecretory cells are influenced by brain temperature.

PMID- 4052781
TI  - Polymorphism among NILE-related glycoproteins from different types of neurons.
AB  - We have used biosynthetic, degradative and immunochemical techniques to examine
      some of the structural features of the NILE (nerve growth factor inducible large
      external) glycoprotein. Biosynthetic experiments show that the NILE species
      present on PC12 cells has a core polypeptide with a molecular weight of 160,000
      dalton. This polypeptide is initially glycosylated by immature, high mannose
      oligosaccharides to yield a precursor glycoprotein of 190,000 dalton.
      Oligosaccharide processing of this precursor in the Golgi apparatus yields the
      mature 230,000 dalton NILE glycoprotein. NILE-related glycoproteins from
      different neuronal cell types have molecular weights ranging from 215,000 to
      230,000 dalton. Degradative experiments using neuraminidase to remove sialic acid
      residues and endoglycosidase F to remove all N-linked oligosaccharides indicate
      that the polymorphism of the NILE-related glycoproteins may be due to differences
      both at the polypeptide level and at the level of glycosylation. Although NILE
      glycoproteins and the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) both appear to be
      involved in neurite fasciculation, NILE and N-CAM components can be shown to be
      different from each other by several criteria. (1) The electrophoretic mobilities
      of NILE and N-CAM are different. NILE-related molecules from various sources
      migrate as single bands in the range of 215,000-230,000 dalton, while N-CAM from
      these same sources can exist as 3 separate components of 180,000, 140,000 and
      120,000 dalton. (2) Rabbit antibody against NILE does not recognize N-CAM, and
      rabbit antibody against N-CAM does not recognize NILE. (3) N-CAM is present on
      some cell types that lack NILE. (4) The core polypeptides of NILE components have
      apparent molecular weights of about 160,000 dalton, while the N-CAM core
      polypeptide is about 120,000 dalton in size.

PMID- 4052783
TI  - The response of single guard and down hair mechanoreceptors to moving air-jet
      stimulation.
AB  - The response properties of single guard (G) and down (D) hair afferent nerve
      fibers innervating the hairy skin of the hindlimb were studied in acute
      barbiturate-anesthetized cats. The purpose of the study was to identify and
      analyze the relative contribution of those stimulus features determining the
      discharge patterns evoked in single afferents by a fine air-jet stimulus moving
      across the skin and varying in force, velocity, position, direction and
      orientation. The response of single G hair afferents to moving air-jet stimuli
      reveals that the responsiveness of each fiber to stimuli with arbitrary
      orientation, direction and position within the receptive field (RF) displays an
      optimum velocity sensitivity which is not predictable from punctate data.
      Although the response pattern is remarkably consistent for each moving stimulus
      condition, there are significant differences in response as a function of
      stimulus orientation, direction and velocity. RF 'maps' constructed from the
      responses evoked as the air-jet traverses the skin reveal multiple zones of high
      and low sensitivity. The distribution of sensitive zones is remarkably consistent
      for maps constructed with stimuli varying in orientation, direction and velocity.
      It is apparent that the principal determinant of the response for a given
      stimulus traverse is the spatial distribution of sensitive spots throughout the
      RF. Although noticeably more uniform in sensitivity, the RFs of D hair afferents
      demonstrate similar properties. These findings indicate that G and D hair
      afferent nerve fibers respond more vigorously to moving stimuli than to
      stationary displacement and display complex RF inhomogeneities which must be
      taken into account for the study of central neuronal information processing and
      feature extraction.

PMID- 4052784
TI  - Excitation of dorsal column nucleus neurons by air-jet moving across the skin.
AB  - Single unit recordings from dorsal column neurons were made during application of
      mechanical somatic stimuli moving at controlled velocities across the neuron's
      receptive field. The neurons responded in stereotypic patterns which changed with
      altered stimulus parameters of velocity, direction and intensity. Spatial
      analysis of the response patterns indicates that the neurons generate action
      potentials when the stimulus probe activated particular discrete locations within
      the receptive field.

PMID- 4052785
TI  - Burst discharges of pontine reticular neurons in relation to forelimb stepping of
      thalamic and high spinal cats.
AB  - The paralemniscal pontine reticular neurons (PLRF) exhibited burst discharges
      when thalamic cats stepped on the moving treadmill, during stepping induced by
      mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) stimulation, fictive locomotion by MLR
      stimulation after immobilization and during MLR stimulation after transection at
      the C2 level. These results imply that MLR stimulation can evoke burst discharge
      within the brainstem which may obtain alternating limb movements via descending
      tract to the cervical cord.

PMID- 4052787
TI  - Synaptic contacts between red-sensitive cones and triphasic chromaticity
      horizontal cells in the turtle retina.
AB  - Using combined physiological and anatomical methods, we have shown that triphasic
      chromaticity horizontal cells (THC) in the turtle retina make ribbon synaptic
      contacts with about 20 cones, two-thirds were red-sensitive, while the rest were
      blue-sensitive. The response of THC to red flashes appeared to be generated via
      synapses from red-sensitive cones; this interpretation differs from those of the
      previous studies where only blue-sensitive cones were thought to make synaptic
      contacts with the THC.

PMID- 4052786
TI  - Learning and integration of rewarding and aversive stimuli in the rat lateral
      hypothalamus.
AB  - Single neuron activity was recorded in the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) and lateral
      preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area (IPOA-AHA) of the rat during discrimination
      learning of cue tones that predicted glucose or intracranial self-stimulation as
      rewarding stimuli, or electric shock or tail pinch as aversive stimuli, using
      identical behavior, licking. Rewarding and aversive stimuli had opposite effects
      on the same LHA neurons, but had the same effects on IPOA-AHA neurons. Neurons in
      the LHA that differentiated between reward and aversion acquired discrimination
      of the respective cue tones, while IPOA-AHA neurons responded in the same way to
      cue tones whether they preceded reward or aversion. The results suggest reward-
      and aversion-related integrative functions in the LHA and arousal or attentional
      functions in the IPOA-AHA.

PMID- 4052788
TI  - Laminar origin of direct projection from cortex area V1 to V4 in the rhesus
      monkey.
AB  - Direct projection from cortex area V1 to V4 in the rhesus monkey was demonstrated
      by means of retrograde axonal transport of wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated
      horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). This projection originated at the layers 2 and
      3 of the only representation area of central visual field (0-6 degrees) in V1 and
      terminated at the central representation of V4, whereas there was no projection
      between the extracentral representations of V1 and V4. Correlation of the present
      finding with the previous findings suggests that this projection is predominantly
      involved in the system of color information processing.

PMID- 4052789
TI  - Regional brain levels of N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate: the effect of kindled
      seizures.
AB  - Rats were subjected to daily amygdaloid-kindling stimulation and sacrificed 48 h
      after their fifth stage-5 kindled seizure. Regional brain dissection was
      performed and the regions assayed for levels of N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate, an
      endogenous dipeptide specific to the brain and a putative excitatory
      neurotransmitter. Kindling produced significant increases in this dipeptide in
      the entorhinal cortex.

PMID- 4052790
TI  - Two groups of corticofugal neurons identified with the pontine stimulation in the
      cat parietal association cortex: an intracellular HRP study.
AB  - A classification of the parietal corticofugal neurons was performed in cats under
      Nembutal anesthesia. Eighty-eight neurons were identified with antidromic
      activation by the pontine stimulation. Thirteen neurons were furthermore
      identified with intracellular HRP staining. In these neurons, we found the close
      correlation between morphological features and conduction velocities. The faster
      conducting group of the neurons had relatively large somata, sparsely spinous
      apical dendrites, tap root basal dendrites and wide apical dendritic fields. The
      slower group had small somata and numerous dendritic spines.

PMID- 4052791
TI  - Alleviation of axonal damage in acute spinal cord injury by a protease inhibitor:
      automated morphometric analysis of drug-effects.
AB  - The degenerating axons and axon terminals developed in Rexed's lamina VIII in the
      anterior horn of the L6 segment after acute spinal cord compression at Th11 level
      in rats were visualized by the method of Fink-Heimer and the extent of axonal
      damage was quantitatively assayed with the aid of an automated image analyzer.
      Leupeptin, a potent protease inhibitor, substantially reduced the extent of the
      axonal damage (17% on average).

PMID- 4052792
TI  - A method for determining threshold from single-unit neural activity.
AB  - A computationally straightforward method is described for determining the
      latency, duration and magnitude of stimulus-evoked single-unit neural activity. A
      unique feature of the method is its ability to define the neural response without
      reference to stimulus parameters. First, the temporal component of the spike
      train that represents the response is located and then that component is analyzed
      to determine the magnitude of the response. Intensity-response functions can then
      be constructed, using the number of extra spikes above baseline activity as a
      measure of response magnitude. Threshold can be defined as any point on the
      intensity-response function.

PMID- 4052793
TI  - Biogenic amines in the snail brain of Helicella virgata (Gastropoda, Pulmonata).
AB  - The presence of biogenic amines is demonstrated in the central nervous system of
      Helicella virgata using a modified glyoxylic acid technique and high-performance
      liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4052794
TI  - Calcium influx in cultured carotid body cells is stimulated by acetylcholine and
      hypoxia.
AB  - Calcium influx was measured in cultured carotid body and glioma cells. In carotid
      body cells stimulation with acetylcholine (ACh, 10(-5) mol/l) increased the
      calcium influx to 135% of control values after 1 min and to 163% after 30 min.
      With a reduction of the pO2 to nearly zero calcium influx increased to 170% of
      control values. In glioma cells there was only a slight or no increase. This
      sensitivity of carotid body cells is discussed in relation to their function in
      chemoreception.

PMID- 4052795
TI  - Rostral hypothalamic microinfusions of 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine produce
      anatomically and neurochemically selective depletions of hippocampal serotonin
      and increase the influence of estrogen and food deprivation on locomotor
      activity.
AB  - Ovariectomized Long-Evans rats received bilateral rostral hypothalamic infusions
      of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). Neurochemical determination of
      catecholamines (CA) and indoleamines in the hippocampus, hypothalamus and
      mesencephalon revealed that 5,7-DHT infusions had no effect on CA content in
      these areas nor in mesencephalic serotonin or 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5
      HIAA). However, the neurotoxin produced significant decreases in hippocampal
      serotonin and 5-HIAA. Serotonin-depleted animals exhibited an increase in both
      spontaneous and estradiol-induced wheel running. In addition it was found that
      serotonin-depleted animals exhibit an enhanced activity response to starvation.
      Because estrogen is thought to decrease serotonergic transmission, the enhanced
      activity response to estrogen may be secondary to an estrogen-related
      exaggeration of the 5,7-DHT-induced serotonin depletion. The increased activity
      effect of starvation may indicate that serotonin-depleted animals do not
      effectively mobilize energy stored as lipid.

PMID- 4052796
TI  - Lesions of the inferior olive increase glutamic acid decarboxylase activity in
      the deep cerebellar nuclei of the rat.
AB  - Inferior olive-climbing fiber lesions were made by administering 3-acetylpyridine
      to 16-day-old rats. This treatment produced multiple motor abnormalities which
      gradually improved over the subsequent 28 days. A significant increase in
      glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity was found in the deep cerebellar
      nuclei 24 h after treatment. This elevation increased with time, reaching 134% of
      control values 28 days after treatment. GAD activity in the cerebellar vermis
      also increased but did so more slowly and to a lesser degree than in the deep
      nuclei, reaching 114% of control values 28 days after treatment. The results
      suggest the operation of different mechanisms in producing the increased GAD
      activity in the different areas.

PMID- 4052797
TI  - Thalamocortical neurons projecting to superficial and to deep layers in parietal,
      frontal and prefrontal regions in the cat.
AB  - Superficial HRP applications and deep injections were performed on symmetric foci
      of the same cortical region in primary somatosensory, motor and prefrontal areas.
      Retrogradely labeled neurons were analyzed for body size distribution and
      intensity of labeling. Neurons in the ventral posterior and ventralis lateralis
      nuclei projecting to layer I of the somatic sensory and motor cortices are
      smaller in size and less intensely labeled than neurons projecting to deeper
      layers. Neurons projecting to the prefrontal cortex from the ventromedialis and
      mediodorsalis nuclei had the same soma size and topography irrespective of the
      cortical layer affected by the HRP, although they varied in number and in
      intensity of labeling.

PMID- 4052798
TI  - The morphology of trigeminal nociceptive neurons in the caudal bulbar lateral
      reticular formation of the cat.
AB  - Two types of trigeminal nociceptive neurons, i.e. subnucleus reticularis
      ventralis (SRV) and wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons were identified in the
      caudal bulbar lateral reticular formation (LRF) and intracellularly stained with
      horseradish peroxidase. SRV neurons were large neurons characteristic of the
      subnucleus reticularis ventralis. Their dendrites were confined to the LRF. WDR
      neurons were situated in the subnucleus reticularis dorsalis. Their dendrites
      penetrated into the magnocellular layer, but did not reach the substantia
      gelatinosa.

PMID- 4052799
TI  - Activation of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system by hypertonic superfusion
      of the rat mesentery.
AB  - Well-defined areas of the mesentery were superfused during 3 s with 300
      microliters of hypertonic NaCl solution, while monitoring the
      electrophysiological response of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract. Response
      magnitudes were largest for superfusion of the portal, the duodenal and jejunal
      mesenteric veins, and least for superfusion of the mesenteric vessels of the
      ileum. The results suggest the existence of peripheral receptors that appear to
      be strategically located to monitor the intestinal absorption of salt or water.

PMID- 4052800
TI  - Lateral hypothalamic and peripheral cardiovascular afferent inputs to
      ventrolateral medullary neurons.
AB  - Experiments were done in chloralose anesthetized, paralyzed and artificially
      ventilated cats to identify single units in ventrolateral medulla (VLM)
      projecting directly to the intermediate gray (IG) region of the upper thoracic
      cord and responding to inputs from pressor sites in the anterior lateral
      hypothalamus (Hla) and carotid sinus (CSN) and aortic depressor (ADN) nerves.
      Forty-eight units were antidromically activated in VLM to stimulation of the IG
      at the level of T2. Of these 48 units, 15 (31%) were orthodromically excited by
      stimulation of the Hla with a mean latency of 15.8 +/- 2.1 ms. In addition, 8 of
      the 15 units responding to Hla stimulation were also excited orthodromically by
      stimulation of either the CSN or ADN or both. Of the remaining 33 units, 15
      responded to stimulation of only the buffer nerves and 18 were unresponsive to
      the tested inputs. These results provide electrophysiological evidence for the
      existence of neurons in VLM which receive hypothalamic and buffer nerve inputs
      and suggest that the VLM plays a role in integrating and relaying cardiovascular
      afferent information from peripheral baroreceptors and chemoreceptors and from
      supramedullary centers to provide effector signals to spinal autonomic neurons
      involved in the control of the circulation.

PMID- 4052801
TI  - The terminal myelin segments of afferent axons to cutaneous mechanoreceptors.
AB  - The present study documents reductions in thickness of the myelin sheath without
      change in axonal diameter in a series of fortuitous longitudinal sections of
      axons innervating mechanoreceptors. These findings are interpreted to mean that
      we must indicate that caution should be expressed in the evaluation of
      quantitative data on myelinated axons in close proximity to their termination as
      sensory receptors.

PMID- 4052802
TI  - Distribution and fine structure of neuronal elements containing glutamate
      decarboxylase in the rat cochlear nucleus.
AB  - Distribution and fine structure of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-containing
      structures were examined in the rat cochlear nuclear complex by means of
      immunohistochemistry using glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) as a marker. GAD-like
      immunoreactive (GADI) terminals were diffusely distributed in the dorsal cochlear
      nucleus, while in the ventral cochlear nucleus numerous immunoreactive fibers
      were situated around the cell bodies. These light-microscopic observations were
      confirmed by electron microscopy. Evidence suggesting that many of GADI boutons
      in the cochlear nucleus are of intrinsic origin was also shown.

PMID- 4052803
TI  - Acquisition of glial fibrillary acidic protein-containing fibres by astroglial
      cells in primary culture is orchestrated by a communicable factor.
AB  - In a previous study we discovered that primary cultures initiated from the whole
      brain of 21-day foetal rats contained astroblasts that concertedly acquired glial
      fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) fibres. The mechanism of this burst of
      cytoskeletal differentiation could not be investigated in these cultures because
      it occurred too quickly (completed within 2 h). We report that cultures initiated
      from the region of the third ventricle display an extended burst of GFAP
      acquisition whose rate could be markedly reduced by medium changing. Temporary
      medium deprivation or the addition of cytosine arabinoside to the growth medium
      had no effect. Our findings suggest that an as yet uncharacterised communicable
      factor is involved in the orchestration of cytoskeletal differentiation in
      culture. This factor may be responsible for synchronising the appearance of GFAP
      positive cells in the periventricular regions of the foetal brain.

PMID- 4052804
TI  - A comparison of receptive field properties of vibrissa neurons between the rat
      thalamic reticular and ventro-basal nuclei.
AB  - Response properties of vibrissa-responding neurons in the somatosensory part of
      the rat thalamic reticular nucleus (S-TR) and ventro-basal complex (VB) were
      studied. Receptive field size was approximately the same between S-TR and VB
      neurons, i.e. most of the neurons were driven from only single vibrissa. On the
      other hand, there was a noticeable difference in direction sensitivity. VB
      neurons generally had a preference for a particular direction of vibrissa
      deflection; but most of the S-TR neurons responded equally well to all
      directions. In addition to the neurons showing excitatory responses, there were
      the small number of VB neurons which had exclusively inhibitory receptive fields.
      Response latencies of S-TR neurons to electrical stimulation of the medial
      lemniscus were longer by 0.9 ms on the average than those of VB neurons,
      indicating that the former neurons were driven monosynaptically by the latter.

PMID- 4052805
TI  - The influence of joint afferent discharge on locomotion, proprioception and
      activity in conscious cats.
AB  - Injection of local anaesthetic into the knee joint cavity in a series of 14 cats
      produced obvious abnormalities of posture and gait in half the animals. However,
      on employing a more sensitive testing procedure, 7 out of 8 animals exhibited
      reduced proprioceptive acuity after knee joint anaesthesia, and all animals
      tested showed marked reduction in motor activity after this procedure. Control
      procedures revealed that these effects were due to the local anaesthetic agent,
      and that this remained localized to the knee joint and did not diffuse out to
      block cutaneous and muscle afferents. Thus, joint afferents would appear to play
      a significant role in the regulation of posture and movement.

PMID- 4052806
TI  - The human pre-saccadic spike potential: influences of a visual target, saccade
      direction, electrode laterality and instructions to perform saccades.
AB  - Three components of pre-saccadic evoked potentials have been identified in
      humans: a slow negative shift (SNS), a positive antecedent potential (AP) and a
      spike potential (SP). This study examined the influences of: instructions to the
      subject to make saccades; the presence of a visual target; and the direction of
      the saccades on the amplitude of the averaged SP, which was recorded from P3 and
      P4 (International 10/20 System) in 20 normal, right-handed subjects. Recordings
      were made for spontaneous saccades prior to receiving instructions in six
      subjects. Twenty subjects performed self-paced saccades in the presence of a 10
      degrees visual target (two red LEDs) and while blindfolded in a dark room. The SP
      was either absent or grossly altered (broadened) for spontaneous saccades in an
      illuminated room; it was robust for self-paced saccades in light or darkness.
      Three-way analysis of variance revealed a highly significant cortical laterality
      (P3 vs P4) X saccade direction interaction (P less than 0.001), reflecting that
      for a given saccade direction, the SP was larger over the contralateral recording
      site for the self-paced light (SPL) paradigm (Newman-Keuls test). In the self
      paced dark (SPD) paradigm, though, this was only true for saccades to the right.
      By contrast, scatter plots of the directional indices (D.I. = [(SP for
      contralateral) - (SP for ipsilateral)]/[(SP for contralateral) + (SP for
      ipsilateral saccades)] for left (P3) and right (P4) recording sites from
      individual subjects revealed a significant negative correlation for both SPL (r =
      0.78) and SPD (r = 0.74) paradigms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052807
TI  - Pathways through cingulate, neo- and entorhinal cortices mediate atropine
      resistant hippocampal rhythmical slow activity.
AB  - Rats prepared with a lesion separating the entorhinal cortex from the neocortex
      and cingulate cortex displayed apparently normal hippocampal rhythmical slow
      activity (RSA) with a frequency of 6-12 Hz in both CA1 and dentate gyrus during
      Type 1 behavior (locomotion, head movements, changes in posture). Variations in
      the commissural average evoked potential (AEP) and increased power in the 30-100
      Hz range (fast waves) also correlated with Type 1 behavior. Urethane did not
      abolish the RSA. However, systemic administration of atropinic drugs eliminated
      all RSA and eliminated or attenuated the Type 1 behavior-related variations in
      the AEP and fast waves. Thus, the normally present atropine-resistant RSA was
      eliminated by the cortical lesion while atropine-sensitive RSA remained intact.
      Removal of cingulate cortex alone was partially effective in suppressing atropine
      resistant RSA but a lesion of the neocortex only, sparing cingulate cortex, had a
      minimal effect on it. Lesions of the amygdala, the anterior or medial thalamus or
      the cerebellum had little or no effect on atropine-resistant RSA. Previous work
      has shown that lesions of the entorhinal cortex or lateral hypothalamus eliminate
      atropine-resistant RSA. We suggest that atropine-resistant RSA is mediated by a
      somewhat diffuse pathway which traverses the hypothalamus, cingulate cortex, and
      neocortex before reaching the hippocampus via the entorhinal cortex.

PMID- 4052808
TI  - Satiety does not affect gustatory activity in the nucleus of the solitary tract
      of the alert monkey.
AB  - Feeding to satiety decreases the acceptability of the taste of food. In order to
      determine whether the responsiveness of gustatory neurons in the nucleus tractus
      solitarius (NTS) is influenced by hunger, neural activity in the NTS was analyzed
      while monkeys were fed to satiety. Gustatory neural activity to glucose, fruit
      juice, NaCl, HCl and quinine HCl was measured before, while and after the monkey
      was fed to satiety with glucose, fruit juice or sucrose. While behavior turned
      from avid acceptance to active rejection upon repletion, the responsiveness of
      NTS neurons to the stimulus array, including the satiating solution, was
      unmodified. It is concluded that at the first central synapse of the taste system
      of the primate, neural responsiveness is not influenced by the normal transition
      from hunger to satiety. This is in contrast to the responses of a population of
      neurons recorded in the hypothalamus, which only occur to the taste of food when
      the monkey is hungry. Thus, NTS gustatory activity appears to occur independently
      of normal hunger and satiety, whereas hypothalamic neuronal activity is more
      closely related to the influence of motivational state on behavioral
      responsiveness to gustatory stimuli.

PMID- 4052809
TI  - Characterization of two angiotensin II binding sites in cultured mouse spinal
      cord neurones.
AB  - Characteristics of angiotensin II (AII) binding have been determined in cultured
      mouse spinal cord neurones using [125I]AII and [3H]AII. The Scatchard plot of
      equilibrium binding was curvilinear and could be described by postulating the
      existence of two different classes of independent binding sites (Kd1 = 0.43 nM,
      Bmax1 = 12.5 fmol/1.5 X 10(6) cells; Kd2 = 25.6 nM, Bmax2 = 220 fmol/1.5 X 10(6)
      cells). These values are in close agreement with the Kd values obtained from
      kinetic studies. The high affinity binding sites appeared to be similar to the
      single class of sites described in other studies. The relative inhibition potency
      of AII-related peptides was studied. Sar1,-Leu8-AII was the most potent in
      inhibiting specific AII binding. The characteristics of the two AII binding sites
      suggest that they correspond to two receptors as described in a previous
      electrophysiological approach using this model in our laboratory. Taken together,
      these data confirm that this model of neurones in primary culture is a unique and
      very attractive model of receptor studies. The classical criteria necessary for
      positive identification of a ligand-receptor have been satisfied: saturability,
      reversibility, specificity and most importantly correlation of the binding
      parameters and biological effects of AII.

PMID- 4052810
TI  - A single neonatal pentylenetetrazol or hyperthermia convulsion increases kindling
      susceptibility in the adult rat.
AB  - Convulsions were induced in young rats (1-21 days) with pentylenetetrazol or
      hyperthermia. As adults, these animals were kindled electrically in the
      basolateral or cortical amygdala, the hippocampus, or the pyriform cortex. Fewer
      amygdala stimulations were required to evoke major motor seizures in subjects
      treated at 1, but not at 10 or 21 days of age. No further facilitation in
      kindling rate was observed in subjects receiving 3 convulsions on days 1, 3 and 5
      or 1, 5 and 9. This facilitation of electrical kindling was limited to the
      amygdaloid sites. The results could not be attributed to gross brain damage or
      differential convulsion histories. This age-limited, structure-specific effect
      suggests that the amygdala may represent a unique seizure-generating system in
      the brain that is sensitive to neural alteration at particular times during
      development.

PMID- 4052811
TI  - Pipecolic acid levels and transport in developing mouse brain.
AB  - The regional distribution of pipecolic acid (PA) in newborn mouse brain, measured
      by a new sensitive high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical
      detection (HPLC-EC) method, shows a two-fold difference among various areas.
      Diencephalon, olfactory bulb and anterior telencephalon show the highest PA
      levels, while the lowest PA levels are seen in mesencephalon and rhombencephalon.
      The pattern of regional distribution of PA is identical to the regional
      accumulation in brain of the newborn seen by us following i.p. injections of D,L
      [3H]PA9. The highest levels of PA are seen in both brain and serum during the
      perinatal period of development. Pipecolic acid levels decrease in brain and
      serum at one day of age and reach adult values within two weeks postnatal. The
      brain/serum PA ratio (2.9-3.5) during the perinatal period declines gradually
      after birth to adult values (0.7-0.8) at 30 days. The liver and kidney follow the
      same pattern with higher levels of PA seen during the perinatal period; however,
      these levels decreased rapidly to adult levels within one week postnatal.
      Following injections (250 mg/kg, i.p. and s.c. in the adult and newborn,
      respectively), D,L-PA accumulates for up to 24 h in the newborn mouse brain. In
      adult, the cerebral concentration of PA increases rapidly and reaches its peak
      level in 5-10 min. It remains relatively constant up to 5 h and then declines
      slowly to 24 h. Pipecolic acid levels in serum show essentially the same pattern
      of accumulation between adult and newborn mice with some quantitative
      differences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052813
TI  - Formulation of a novel synthetic medium for selectively culturing rat CNS
      neurons.
AB  - Dissociated cells from rat fetal cerebral hemispheres were grown in surface
      adhering culture using a novel synthetic medium (Maat medium) and compared with
      those grown either in the presence of serum or in the chemically defined medium
      described by Bottenstein and Sato. The addition of various compound combinations
      allowed us to lower insulin concentration to almost physiological levels. Maat
      medium improved the purity and longevity of neuronal cultures. The purity of
      neuronal cultures grown in different media was checked both by immunofluorescence
      and by the analysis of [3H]thymidine incorporation.

PMID- 4052812
TI  - An exuberant retinocollicular pathway in Siamese kittens: effects of competition
      and abnormal activity on its maturation.
AB  - Retinocollicular pathways were studied in normally pigmented and Siamese adult
      cats and newborn kittens. In addition, retinocollicular pathways were studied in
      Siamese cats which were unilaterally enucleated on the day of birth and in
      Siamese cats which were reared in a stroboscopically illuminated environment. In
      adult Siamese cats the ipsilateral retinocollicular pathway is spatially less
      extensive than it is in adult normally pigmented cats. In contrast, the
      ipsilateral retinocollicular pathway in newborn Siamese kittens is widespread,
      while that of newborn normally pigmented kittens is restricted, as it is in
      normally pigmented adults. This comparison indicates that the spatial restriction
      of the retinocollicular pathway occurs after birth in Siamese cats. After
      enucleation or stroboscopic rearing the ipsilateral retinocollicular pathway in
      Siamese cats remains widespread. These results demonstrate the importance of
      interactions with afferents from other sources and the requirement for
      appropriate neural activity in the normal maturation of this initially exuberant
      pathway.

PMID- 4052814
TI  - The regional and subcellular development of cholecystokinin immunoreactivity in
      vertebrate brain.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated that the development of CCK in rat brain occurs
      during the first postnatal month. In order to determine whether the appearance of
      CCK is associated with specific aspects of brain histogenesis, we examined the
      development of brain CCK immunoreactivity in both precocial and altricial mammals
      and birds. The two precocial species (guinea pig and chicken) were found to
      achieve adult CCK concentrations prenatally, while the altricial species (zebra
      finch and rat) manifested adult brain CCK concentrations only after several weeks
      of postnatal development. In adulthood, both mammals showed relatively high
      forebrain CCK concentrations, while the two species of birds manifested much
      lower forebrain levels. Brainstem levels of CCK were similar in all species
      studied. In each species, the development of CCK followed a common time course
      across all major brain areas, although adult brainstem levels of CCK were
      generally attained shortly before adult forebrain levels. Correlation of our
      comparative ontogenetic data with known patterns of brain histogenesis indicated
      that CCK development follows regional neuroblastic proliferation, migration and
      differentiation, and occurs during or soon after local synaptogenesis. In the
      rapidly developing precocial chicken brain, CCK production precedes the postnatal
      gliogenic and myelinogenic increases in brain weight, suggesting that neurogenic
      production of CCK occurs independently of these non-neuronal maturation events.
      Subcellular fractionation of developing chicken brain revealed that a substantial
      fraction of brain CCK is localized in synaptosomes relatively early in
      embryogenesis; this synaptosomal localization becomes even more pronounced with
      further brain maturation. This early appearance of CCK in synaptic terminals
      indicates a correspondingly precocial maturation for the intraneuronal mechanisms
      subserving peptide cleavage, axonal transport and vesicular insertion, and
      suggests that CCK may be available for neurotransmission quite early in
      development. In an analysis of the molecular forms of CCK, gel filtration
      disclosed no differences between species or different brain areas in the form of
      CCK present. CCK-8 always predominated in brain, with smaller void volume (pro
      CCK) peaks, and negligible amounts of CCK-33. Finally, duodenal CCK (largely CCK
      33) appeared much earlier than brain CCK in all species examined, suggesting that
      the gut and brain CCK systems develop independently of one another.

PMID- 4052815
TI  - The development of stimulus following in the cochlear nerve and inferior
      colliculus of the mouse.
AB  - The decrement of evoked response amplitudes during the presentation of repetitive
      clicks was examined quantitatively at the level of the eighth nerve and inferior
      colliculus in mice aged 13-60 days postnatal. The amplitudes of both these
      potentials were found to decline during the course of stimulation, this being
      much more severe at the onset of hearing than in adults. Furthermore the
      following response at the level of the cochlear nerve was adult-like by day 18,
      while the response at the level of the inferior colliculus continued to improve
      through day 24. Recordings in the inferior colliculus were consistently obtained
      in two different regions along the frequency axis. The regions that responded
      best to a lower range of frequencies (e.g. 3-9 kHz) showed a more rapid and
      severe decrement in the evoked response to repetitive stimulation than those
      regions responding best to a higher range of frequencies (e.g. 8-17 kHz). This
      was found to be the case for repetitive click stimuli and repetitive tone bursts.
      Single unit responses in the inferior colliculus were consistent with this
      differential decline as a function of stimulus rate seen along the frequency
      axis.

PMID- 4052816
TI  - Body and brain growth following continuous perinatal administration of arginine-
      and lysine-vasopressin to the homozygous Brattleboro rat.
AB  - Using a recently developed controlled-drug-delivery implantation technique,
      arginine-vasopressin (AVP) or lysine-vasopressin (LVP) was administered to
      homozygous (HOM) Brattleboro rats throughout pregnancy in order to study the
      influence of compensation for the deficiency of AVP on body and brain development
      in their HOM offspring. This mutant is retarded in both body and brain growth
      from the neonatal period onwards. In one subgroup the LVP-treatment was continued
      postnatally by means of subcutaneous implantation in the pups. AVP treatment had
      no growth-stimulating effect either on pup body weight at day one or on postnatal
      body growth, nor did it affect noticeably the day of eye opening, or a number of
      brain parameters measured at one month of age. LVP treatment, in contrast,
      resulted in higher body weights at birth, which could be maintained postnatally
      if the pups were reared with a Wistar foster-mother. At one month of age body as
      well as brain weights were still larger in the treated pups. Although cerebellar
      weight was larger than in untreated Brattleboro pups in this group, cerebellar
      DNA content or gross morphology, known to be impaired in HOM rats, were not
      changed. LVP treatment of the pups, as well as maternal AVP-treatment beginning
      on day 15 of pregnancy, had inhibiting rather than growth-stimulating effects,
      high-lighting the different effects created by these two peptides at different
      stages of development.

PMID- 4052817
TI  - Temporary double representation in expanded ipsilateral retinocollicular
      projection of neonatally one-eye-removed rats.
AB  - Retinotopic representations of the expanded projection to the ipsilateral
      colliculus were studied in albino rats of various ages after neonatal unilateral
      eye removal. Besides the projection from the lower temporal retina the projection
      from the central retina was observed in 3-6 month-old one-eyed rats. Such double
      retinotopic representation was not observed in 1-month- or 1-year-old one-eyed
      rats. A postnatally growing temporary process was suggested for the expanded
      ipsilateral retinocollicular projection in rats.

PMID- 4052818
TI  - The topography of aberrant ipsilateral retinogeniculate projections following
      neonatal ablation of the superior colliculus in rats.
AB  - The topography of aberrant ipsilateral retinogeniculate projections following
      ablation of the superior colliculus in infancy has been examined. Rat pups
      received a unilateral ablation of the superior colliculus in infancy, which is
      known to produce an aberrant ipsilateral retinogeniculate projection in the
      caudal quarter of this nucleus, ipsilateral to the ablation. When adult, each rat
      received a retinal lesion in the eye ipsilateral to the ablation at varying
      locations along the temporal crescent and the brains were subsequently processed
      for anterograde degeneration. The topographic relationship between the retina's
      temporal crescent and the ipsilateral dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus appeared
      normal in the rostral three quarters of the nucleus, but an aberrant projection
      from the far temporal retina (the upper temporal crescent) was demonstrated in
      the caudal quarter of the nucleus, residing dorsolaterally beneath the optic
      tract. This location within the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus normally
      receives its retinal input from the contralateral temporal retina at reduced
      eccentricity. As these two retinal regions are likely to be binocularly
      conjugate, it is proposed that these rearrangements in retinal terminal fields
      following early collicular ablation produce an ocularly aberrant yet
      visuotopically appropriate retinogeniculate projection.

PMID- 4052819
TI  - Development, morphology and topography of chandelier cells in the auditory cortex
      of the cat.
AB  - Using the Golgi method we have studied the development, morphology and
      topographic distribution of chandelier cells in the auditory cortex of the cat.
      Kittens from 9 to 42 days old were used. Chandelier cells can be recognized in 9
      day-old kittens as a distinct neuronal variety. In the 15- and 23-day-old kittens
      chandelier cells develop axonal complexes elongated vertically. In the 42-day-old
      kitten, they seem to have attained their adult morphology. They are not
      distributed uniformly and their predominance in certain areas suggest that they
      may have a relation with callosal projecting pyramidal cells.

PMID- 4052820
TI  - The effects of early postnatal handling on hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor
      concentrations: temporal parameters.
AB  - Glucocorticoid receptor (Gr) concentrations in the rat brain are low at the time
      of birth and increase towards adult levels during the first two weeks of life.
      Brief, daily handling of pups for the first 21 days postnatally has been found to
      permanently increase Gr concentrations within the hippocampus. Thus, the
      development of this neural receptor system is modifiable by environmental
      stimulation. The work described in this paper indicates that the handling effect
      on hippocampal Gr concentrations is apparent as early as Day 7 of life. Moreover,
      handling on Days 1-7 is as effective in altering Gr concentrations as handling
      for the first 3 weeks of life; handling on Days 8-14 is somewhat less effective
      and handling on Days 15-21 is without effect. Thus, the sensitivity of the
      hippocampal Gr system to this early manipulation wanes through the first 3 weeks
      of life as Gr concentrations reach adult levels, suggesting that handling may
      directly alter the number of receptor sites per cell.

PMID- 4052821
TI  - Changes in nucleolar morphology and volume of the supraoptic nucleus neurons
      during postnatal development of the rat.
AB  - The changes in the volume and nucleolar ultrastructure of neurons of the
      supraoptic nucleus were examined during the postnatal period of the rat. This
      morphological maturation involved the gradual transformation from relatively
      compact nucleoli to reticulate ones which exhibited a typical nucleolonemal
      configuration with numerous nucleolar interstices and fibrillar centers. A
      progressive augmentation of the nucleolar volume was also observed during
      postnatal life; the average value on the first postnatal day was 2.94 +/- 0.42
      micron3 while by the 40th day the mean had increased to 15.01 +/- 0.45 micron3.
      We suggest that this cytodifferentiation process is the morphological expression
      of the activation of nucleolar ribosomal RNA synthesis, which is required for the
      growth and maturation of the neurosecretory cells.

PMID- 4052822
TI  - Odor familiarity alters mitral cell response in the olfactory bulb of neonatal
      rats.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that rat pups have an enhanced metabolic activity to
      familiar odors in specific glomeruli of the olfactory bulb. The present study
      examined extracellularly recorded mitral cell responses to odors in this
      glomerular region, in odor-familiar and odor-unfamiliar pups. Mitral cells in
      odor-familiar pups had significantly fewer excitatory and more inhibitory
      responses to the familiar odor than controls. There were no differences between
      groups in responses to a novel odor. These results demonstrate that neonatal
      exposure to odors selectively alters subsequent mitral cell responsiveness to
      that odor.

PMID- 4052823
TI  - A photographic perspective on the origins, form, course and relations of the
      acetylcholinesterase-containing fibres of the dorsal tegmental pathway in the rat
      brain.
AB  - The dorsal tegmental pathway in the rat brain has been studied using
      acetylcholinesterase (AChe) staining alone, after lesions, and combined with the
      horseradish-peroxidase (HRP) tracing method. This paper characterises in
      photographs, diagrams and text the origins, form, extent and relations of its
      visible AChe-staining fibres in 3 planes. This record should provide a template
      for further investigations. The pathway largely takes origin from ChAT-containing
      pedunculopontine (PPTg) and laterodorsal (LDT) nuclei; some non-cholinergic cell
      groups may also contribute, notably locus coeruleus (LC). It takes the form of a
      horizontally disposed fan which radiates from the pontomesencephalic area to the
      forebrain. Its lateral portion is bunched and consists mainly of cholinergic
      fibres whereas the cholinergic status of its fully unfurled intermediate and
      partly unfurled medial contingents (which mainly accompany the central tegmental
      tract) is more doubtful. The changing form and relations of PPTg and LDT are
      adumbrated including that of the microcellular nucleus (MI) to the former and of
      Barrington's detrusor nucleus (B) which is unstained, to the latter. Functional
      overlapping between non-cholinergic and cholinergic nuclei in the peribrachial
      region are noted and some correlations adduced.

PMID- 4052824
TI  - Current generators and properties of early components evoked in rat olfactory
      cortex.
AB  - Depth-profile, current-source-density (CSD) and impedance analysis were used to
      determine the current generators of secondary waves "a" and "b" in the response
      evoked in pyriform cortex (PC) of the urethane anesthetized rat following OB or
      LOT stimulation. Positive peaks (sinks) in the second-derivative curves of the
      "a" and "b" waves were localized at 50-75 and 225-250 microns deep, respectively.
      Cortical impedance was significantly (p less than 0.01) correlated with the cell
      packing density of PC layers, being maximal close to the zero dipole point of the
      gross evoked response; magnitude of conductivity gradients was, however,
      insufficient to alter the interpretation of positive and negative peaks in terms
      of net membrane currents. Post-tetanic and/or frequency potentiation of PC
      responses but not long-term potentiation were found in the majority of animals
      tested. Recovery of the test "b" wave was faster when using paired-shock
      stimulation at 3.0 Hz than at 0.3 Hz; suppression of this component following a
      conditioning OB volley could be overcome and the "b" wave facilitated if either a
      long-latency component (i.e., 65-100 msec) was present in the priming response,
      or if the conditioning stimulus was delivered to the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus
      (MDT). These results confirm and extend similar ones in other species, suggesting
      that following OB or LOT stimulation three successive excitatory processes take
      place in PC neural elements of the rat under urethane anesthesia: an initial
      monosynaptic excitation of distal segments of apical dendrites of layer II cells,
      and to a lesser extent, also of layer III neurons ("a" wave), followed by action
      potentials in their respective somas (PS wave); subsequently, long association
      axons give rise to a di or polysynaptic compound EPSP in proximal apical and
      possibly also, in basal pyramidal dendrites ("b" wave; early reactivation
      process). Finally, a "late" reactivation takes place in PC involving neurons
      which participated in the early reactivation process (late component). In
      addition, heterosynaptic facilitation of the "b" wave in the PC evoked response
      follows MDT conditioning stimulation.

PMID- 4052825
TI  - The duration of long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of the hippocampal slice
      preparation.
AB  - The duration of long-term potentiation (LTP) of the monosynaptic excitatory
      Schaffer collateral-commissural input to hippocampal neurons of the CA1 region
      was examined in the in vitro slice. Relatively stable evoked potentials were
      obtained under conventional perfusion conditions at least for 10 hours. Tetanic
      stimulation (100 Hz, 1 sec) increased the population spike (pop-spike) amplitude
      by about 150% and the slope of the field-EPSP by about 30% over the pre-LTP
      baseline, whereas the latency and peak latency of the pop-spike decreased. In
      comparison to control experiments (same number of stimuli at 0.2 Hz) the
      differences were statistically significant for 2 hr (field-EPSP) and for greater
      than or equal to 10 hr (pop-spike), respectively. Repeated tetanization (3 X 100
      Hz/1 sec), however, substantially prolongs EPSP-LTP (greater than or equal to 10
      hr) and doubles the approximated half-life of pop-spike LTP. The threshold
      current intensity to elicit pop-spike responses decreased after the induction of
      LTP. Furthermore, the smaller field-EPSP values necessary to evoke near-threshold
      pop-spikes demonstrate an E-S potentiation (left-shift) at least in the low
      intensity range. While the total duration of potentiation of the different
      parameters has not been determined, all the above mentioned effects could be
      observed at least 10 hr following the repeated tetanization. It is proposed that
      the slice preparation is suitable for the investigation of mechanisms of a
      postulated late phase of LTP if appropriate conditions are used.

PMID- 4052826
TI  - Responses of opossum and rat hippocampal CA1 cells to paired stimulus volleys.
AB  - Short-term synaptic plasticity was studied in the in vitro hippocampus of the
      North American opossum (Didelphis virginiana) and rat (Rattus norvegicus).
      Conditioning and test stimulus pulses were delivered to fibers in stratum
      radiatum, and intracellular and extracellular recordings were obtained from area
      CA1 pyramidal cells. In rat, the amplitude of the population spike in response to
      the second (test) of two stimulus impulses is suppressed at short inter-pulse
      intervals (IPI's). In opossum, the amplitude of the test population spike is
      facilitated at comparable IPI's. Facilitation of the test population spike in rat
      occurs only when the test stimulus is separated from the first stimulus
      (conditioning) by a longer IPI. Peak values of facilitation do not significantly
      differ between species. Intracellular responses, elicited by stimulus pulses that
      were subthreshold for spike production, indicate that the amplitude of test
      EPSP's recorded from opossum pyramidal cells are facilitated at IPI's that result
      in suppression of test EPSP's in rat pyramidal cells.

PMID- 4052827
TI  - Fever and intracranial pressures.
AB  - The effect of fever upon intracranial pressures was determined in the rabbit and
      cat. In the unanesthetized rabbit and cat, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure was
      measured via direct cannulation of the lateral cerebral ventricle. Intracranial
      pressure (ICP) was measured in the rabbit by a subarachnoid screw technique. In
      all cases, intravenous administration of bacterial pyrogen extracted from
      Salmonella abortus equi resulted in significant differences from controls in
      physiological variables measured during the initial "chill" phase of the fever.
      There was an increase in body temperature, a fall in CSF or ICP pulse rate, an
      increase in pulse pressure amplitude, and a small increase in mean CSF or ICP. In
      addition, venous and arterial blood pressures increased significantly and,
      consistent with heat conservation, there was a fall in respiratory rate as well
      as cutaneous vasoconstriction in the ears. The arterial carbon dioxide tension
      was unchanged during the prodrome but fell significantly during the chill and
      flush phases and rose again during defervescence. The results suggest that in
      these animals there is a slight increase in pressures within the cranium during
      the "chill" phase of a pyrogen induced fever, resulting from changes occurring in
      many body systems during this phase of the fever.

PMID- 4052828
TI  - Opposite pupillary size effects in the cat and dog after microinjections of
      morphine, normorphine and clonidine in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus.
AB  - The Edinger-Westphal complex (EW) was explored as a possible site of action for
      the effects of morphine and clonidine to produce mydriasis in the cat and miosis
      in the dog. Morphine, normorphine and clonidine, dissolved in 0.5 microliter 0.9%
      NaCl, were injected via chronic indwelling cannulae into or near the EW of the
      restrained cat and dog. In the cat, all 3 drugs produced a dose-dependent
      mydriasis. Clonidine (3-30 nmol) was 1.7 times more potent than normorphine (3-30
      nmol) and 9.6 times more potent than morphine (10-60 nmol). Normorphine was 5.5
      times more potent than morphine. Significant miosis resulted from single doses of
      morphine (17.5 nmol), normorphine (15.5 nmol) and clonidine (19 nmol) injected in
      the EW of the dog. Injections sites closest to the EW yielded the greatest
      changes in pupillary diameter. Naloxone antagonized the pupillary effects of
      normorphine in the cat and dog but had no effect on clonidine mydriasis in one
      cat. It was concluded that the EW region is an important site of action for the
      effects of morphine and clonidine on pupil diameter in both species. However, the
      neurocircuitry and neurochemistry of the EW probably differ between the cat and
      dog.

PMID- 4052829
TI  - Lithium effects on selected circadian rhythms in rats.
AB  - Treating rats with lithium results in clear phase-delays in certain circadian
      rhythms but has no effect upon other rhythms. Phase-delays can be seen in running
      wheel activity rhythms but under certain conditions, phase changes are not noted
      in SCN 2-DG uptake or pineal melatonin rhythms.

PMID- 4052830
TI  - A simple jig allows for a rapid mounting of micropipette tips for EM viewing.

PMID- 4052831
TI  - Esterase activity, exclusion of propidium iodide, and proliferation in tumor
      cells exposed to anticancer agents: phenomena relevant to chemosensitivity
      determinations.
AB  - Cellular esterase activity and the ability to exclude propidium iodide were
      examined after exposing tumor cells to anticancer agents. In general, esterase
      activity and the ability to exclude propidium iodide continued when cells
      proliferated and disappeared when proliferation was inhibited. However, with a
      number of preparations, drug exposure inhibited proliferation while esterase
      activity and propidium iodide exclusion persisted. These indications of
      persisting cell function or viability after drug exposure may be relevant to a
      potential for tumor cell recovery. When the viability of established cell lines
      progressively declined on days 4 and 7 following drug exposure, recovery did not
      occur. When proliferative recoveries occurred, viabilities remained elevated.
      Estimates of in vitro sensitivity by proliferation-related criteria were
      contrasted by persistent high viability estimates in 22% of the determinations
      performed with primary tumor cell preparations. The potential for recovery may
      explain the disappointing ability of proliferative chemosensitivity assays to
      predict clinical sensitivity.

PMID- 4052832
TI  - Lymphoid colony growth with phorbol myristate acetate and lymphocyte-conditioned
      media in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and malignant lymphomas.
AB  - Cell preparations from 49 cases of lymphoid malignancy were cultured to determine
      optimal culture conditions (in semisolid media). Colony growth was obtained in
      the majority of cases (73%) using the combination of phorbol myristate acetate
      (PMA) and lymphocyte-conditioned medium (L-CM). Cell surface marker studies of
      plated cells in 36 cases identified 31 to be B-cell type, 1 to be T-cell type,
      and 4 null-cell type. The morphology and markers of harvested cells were similar
      to plated cells, suggesting proliferation of neoplastic cells predominantly. A
      relationship was found between the degree of colony growth and the clinical
      course of the disease in lymphomas but not in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
      The use of PMA in combination with other mitogens deserves further investigation
      as a colony growth stimulator in hemopoietic malignancies.

PMID- 4052833
TI  - Medical aspects of head and neck cancer.
AB  - Certain medical aspects of advanced head and neck cancer observed in 191 patients
      referred to a medical oncology service over a 14-year period are presented in
      this review. While these tumors constitute an uncommon group of advanced
      neoplasms, the disability and impairment associated with this disease are great.
      Infections, folate deficiency, and hypercalcemia are frequent complications and
      generally detected. The occurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis, cardiovascular and
      neurologic sequelae were infrequent but may be generally under-recognized.
      Additionally, head and neck cancer patients were found to develop second
      malignancies in remote sites with surprising frequency as well as demonstrating
      the predilection to develop second primary tumors within the same area.

PMID- 4052835
TI  - Hemolytic anemia thrombocytopenia and renal failure in a patient apparently cured
      of anal carcinoma.

PMID- 4052834
TI  - Is Ap4A an activator of eukaryotic DNA replication?
AB  - The most well established fact concerning Ap4A metabolism is that the
      concentration of this compound is cell cycle and cell proliferation dependent. An
      additional intriguing fact is that Ap4A can stimulate DNA synthesis in cell
      extracts, and when injected into living cells. In view of these facts, it is not
      surprising that Ap4A has been postulated to regulate the initiation of DNA
      replication. However, in our opinion, experimental efforts designed to test this
      hypothesis do not conclusively link Ap4A to DNA replication. Work on the
      mechanism of stimulation of DNA synthesis in vitro indicates that Ap4A and a
      variety of adenylated nucleotides increase DNA synthetic rates by acting as
      primers. Thus far there is no evidence that this primer function plays a role in
      the initiation of normal DNA replication in vivo, or that Ap4A is unique in this
      capacity to stimulate initiation processes. Additional experiments have shown an
      association of partially purified DNA alpha polymerase with both tryptophanyl
      tRNA synthetase and a protein capable of binding Ap4A. The Ap4A-binding protein
      appears to be necessary for Ap4A to assume the correct conformation for priming,
      since physiological levels of Ap4A are not stimulatory for highly purified DNA
      alpha polymerase. The relevance of tRNA synthetases to the regulation hypothesis
      is their ability to produce Ap4A. Ironically, mammalian tryptophanyl-tRNA
      synthetase does not appear to have this capacity. Furthermore, the association of
      alpha polymerase with either Ap4A-binding protein or tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase
      in vivo has not been conclusively demonstrated. Although Ap4A has been postulated
      to regulate many phenomena in eukaryotes and bacteria, such as entry into S phase
      and the response to oxygen deprivation, the links between Ap4A and these
      processes are still only circumstantial. It is tempting to extrapolate from the
      alarmone and stringent responses of bacteria to other systems, but these
      phenomena are not known to occur in eukaryotic cells. Similar deprivation and
      inhibition experiments in mammalian cells have been shown to stop growth at a
      synchronous position in cell cycle, and the Ap4A concentration has been found
      simply to vary accordingly. The addition or depletion of Ap4A from intracellular
      pools has not been shown to alter cell cycle. Therefore, while the speculation
      concerning the role of Ap4A in vivo is a good source of future experiments, at
      this point its role as an important regulatory compound is far from demonstrated.

PMID- 4052836
TI  - Ethical issues in research with abused children.
AB  - This paper discusses sensitive ethical issues encountered in conducting research
      with abused children and the potential consequences of various methods of
      handling these dilemmas. Important ethical questions arise at three stages of the
      research: (1) obtaining consent for participation in the research; (2) conducting
      interviews with or administering tests to the subjects; and (3) providing
      information about test results to parents or others outside the research team.
      Concern with children's rights has been extended to the question of who can give
      consent for children to participate in research. In the case of abused children,
      the consent issue is complicated by the potential adversarial relationship
      between abusing parent and abused child. Procedures for interviewing or testing
      abused children must include provisions for three special situations: (1) when a
      child is distressed by the interviewing or testing; (2) when a child's answers or
      test results indicate emotional problems; and (3) when a child's answers or
      comments indicate that the child is being abused. Decisions concerning whether to
      inform parents or others about an individual child's answers must balance the
      parents' right to know against the child's right to privacy. All these
      circumstances require serious deliberation concerning the role and responsibility
      of the research investigator.

PMID- 4052837
TI  - An evaluation of a program to prevent the sexual victimization of young children.
AB  - Young children (ages 4 and 5) and school-aged children (6 to 10) from a day-care
      center were randomly assigned to a sexual abuse prevention training group and a
      wait-list control group. Children in the prevention training group were exposed
      to a three-hour program teaching common sexual abuse prevention concepts (e.g.,
      the difference between OK and not-OK touches). Children in both groups were given
      a structured interview before and after the prevention group received training.
      Results of a repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance indicate that
      children in the prevention training group significantly increased their knowledge
      of prevention concepts while children in the control group did not. Older
      children learned more than younger children. Both younger and older children had
      greater difficulty learning prevention concepts of an abstract nature than
      concepts of a specific nature.

PMID- 4052838
TI  - Post-traumatic stress disorders in women who experienced childhood incest.
AB  - Symptoms exhibited in a clinical population of 17 women who had experienced
      childhood or adolescent incest appear to fit the features of a chronic and/or
      delayed post-traumatic stress disorder. These women, entering individual therapy
      an average of 17 years after the abuse had ended, ranged in age from 24 to 44.
      All regarded their incest experience as the most damaging event of their lives,
      and had manifested, in adulthood, such symptoms as intrusive imagery of the
      incest, feelings of detachment or constricted affect, sleep disturbance, guilt,
      and intensification of symptoms when exposed to events resembling the incest
      trauma. Treatment included establishment of trust, expression of feelings, guilt
      reduction through an understanding of family dynamics and acquisition of new,
      adaptive behaviors.

PMID- 4052839
TI  - Origins of language delay in abused infants.
AB  - This paper presents a reanalysis of data collected in a study of abusing mother
      infant pairs, emphasizing the failure of infants with a history of physical abuse
      to develop appropriate language skills. Bayley Mental Development indices of
      abused infants decreased with age. This decrease was attributable largely to the
      failure of abused infants to pass verbal items. None of the abused children had
      any verbal communication skills. Results are discussed in relation to patterns of
      maternal ignoring and lack of verbal stimulation.

PMID- 4052840
TI  - Surreptitious warfarin ingestion.
AB  - Munchausen by proxy has been reported involving children who have been given
      various drugs or toxins. In addition, there is a body of adult literature
      regarding covert anticoagulant ingestion. This is a case of an 11-month-old
      female who appears to combine features of both of these syndromes. This child
      presented with an acute left hemorrhagic otitis media. The physical examination
      was unremarkable except for the following: weight, fifth percentile; left
      external auditory canal filled with blood with the right external canal and
      tympanic membrane being normal; and several scattered 1 X 2 cm firm, movable,
      nontender, purple nodules on extremities, chest and forehead. The coagulation
      studies were consistent with Vitamin K deficiency secondary to anticoagulant
      ingestion. A serum warfarin study confirmed our suspicions. The mother was noted
      to have a dependent relationship with her child and characteristics of those
      involved in Munchausen by proxy: falsifying information and thwarting medical
      assessment. In addition, she displayed some of the characteristics found commonly
      in anticoagulant malingerers. She was depressed, with limited medical knowledge,
      and had access to warfarin. The mother was admitted for inpatient psychiatric
      care and the patient placed with an extended family member. This case report
      describes the use of an anticoagulant to induce illness in a child by a
      psychologically ill mother. This form of child abuse must be considered in the
      differential diagnoses of hemorrhagic disorders.

PMID- 4052841
TI  - [Can the action of the social worker lead to child abuse?].
AB  - The authors report a case where the interference of a health worker led to child
      abuse in a family for which he had charge. They examine the interactions existing
      between the concerned team and the high-risk family. They notice that violent
      situations are often maintained by the higher number of psychosocial
      interventions and by the intrusive and rigid attitudes of the health workers. A
      real change in the parental situation can only be obtained by a systematic
      approach to the families involved, centered not only on the interactions between
      the child and its parents but also on the interactions between the health system
      and the family.

PMID- 4052842
TI  - Factors mediating child abuse as a response to stress.
AB  - Twenty-three abusing couples were compared with a matched group of 23 non-abusing
      couples in terms of stress levels and factors that mediate their responses to
      stress. Parents who had physically abused their children were found to have
      significantly greater stress, but when compared with non-abusing couples under
      equally high stress, they also were much more likely to use violence as a
      socially scripted response or as an attempt to "solve" a problem. Significant
      differences also were found between the two groups in terms of the abusing
      parents scoring higher on symbiosis or attempts to force others to meet their
      emotional needs.

PMID- 4052843
TI  - How effective is the multidisciplinary approach? A follow-up study.
AB  - The multidisciplinary approach to diagnose, evaluate, and plan the treatment of
      victims of child abuse and neglect has been widely advocated and adopted by
      hospitals and community-based protective service teams. Despite the increasing
      prevalence of this approach, few if any studies have looked at its effectiveness.
      In the current study the effectiveness of the multidisciplinary approach was
      assessed by looking at the number of recommended services obtained by a sample of
      180 children one year after evaluation by a multidisciplinary team. The results
      indicate that a large percentage of services recommended by the multidisciplinary
      team were obtained. This compares with the very low probability of service
      acquisition reported in samples of abuse and neglected children identified by CPS
      teams but not having access to a multidisciplinary evaluation. The
      multidisciplinary team plays a central role in acquiring the services needed to
      reduce the deficits and sequelae suffered by the victims of child abuse and
      neglect.

PMID- 4052844
TI  - Abused children admitted to a pediatric in-patient service in Switzerland: a ten
      year experience and follow-up evaluation.
AB  - In a period of 10 years (1974-1983) 82 children were admitted to our pediatric in
      patient service because of child abuse or neglect. In 1984 the records of these
      children were examined to obtain a follow-up of 34 children who were less than 10
      years of age at the time of their admission for non-accidental trauma. Thirty
      eight percent of these children were less than 2 years old at the time of abuse,
      30% from 2-3 years (68% less than 3 years) and 32% between 3-10 years. The
      lesions were as described in the literature. There was a greater proportion of
      children of foreign origin than would be expected from the general population of
      Geneva. At the time of hospital admission the majority of the parents were
      legally married and the majority of the children were cared for at home by a
      parent or relative. The perpetrator in most situations remained unknown;
      universal denial was the rule and therapeutic treatment of the family difficult
      to establish. The general policy of the protective services in Geneva is to
      maintain the abused child with his biological family. Over time, however, there
      is a tendency for abused children to be either removed from their homes and
      placed in foster care or to receive stricter supervision within their families. A
      large proportion of the study children were experiencing school difficulties and
      attended special classes. A relatively large number had left the country, either
      with or without their parents. Risk factors recorded in the literature were
      identified.

PMID- 4052845
TI  - Joining two social institutions to counter rural Alaskan child abuse.
AB  - Change in social customs and institutions is usually a slow process. This seems
      particularly true in attitudes about child abuse. Two key elements for change are
      being utilized for child protection in a rural area of Alaska with a
      predominantly Caucasian population. First, application of an old church custom of
      "constructive gossip" by volunteers is changing this rural community attitude
      about children. Second, use of an innovative federal government health care
      delivery program has established this community's first obstetric and pediatric
      service. With the oil boom in Alaska, widespread family disruption with frequent
      child abuse and neglect has become commonplace. Despite the oil tax wealth, State
      of Alaska Child Protection Services are strained to keep up with family and
      community violence. Deliberate cooperation with local community, church and
      service organization leaders is helping keep up with child protection needs. The
      obstetric and pediatric specialists of the National Health Service Corps non
      profit practice were co-leaders, along with community leaders, in starting a lay
      volunteer service called "Friends of Families." Working cooperatively with the
      state child protection office, 24 families have received assistance from parent
      aides of Friends of Families. The influence of these two key elements of change
      on rural community attitudes and institutions are described.

PMID- 4052846
TI  - Ethnocentric perception of childrearing practices in protective services.
AB  - The protective services system in the United States may be committing a form of
      institutional abuse of minority families if the professionals who work in that
      system are not sufficiently well versed in the unique childrearing practices of
      each culture in the communities the system represents. It is easy for
      misunderstandings to occur from an ethnocentric perspective, and these
      misunderstandings are unlikely to be in the minority group's favor. Although
      there is wide agreement that this represents a problem, there is not enough
      information readily available to allow protective service professionals to adopt
      a cross-cultural perspective in conducting their work. To discover some of the
      possible misunderstandings by the dominant American culture of subculture
      childrearing practices, this study was conducted through in-person interviews
      with members of six minority groups, Mexican-, Japanese-, Vietnamese-, Filipino-
      and Samoan-Americans and Blackfeet Indians, in three communities in conjunction
      with an evaluation of child abuse prevention demonstration projects. The themes
      of delegating responsibility to children and issues of dominance and submission
      emerged as areas for awareness and sensitivity on the part of child protective
      services.

PMID- 4052847
TI  - The consequences of child abuse for the formation of relationships with peers.
AB  - The peer interaction of 26 physically abused children was observed and compared
      to the peer interaction of normal children (n = 26), neglected children (n = 4)
      and children referred to a child guidance clinic (n = 21). The children were
      either enrolled in a day-care intervention program and observed in well
      established peer groups or not enrolled in peer-based intervention and observed
      in newly formed peer groups. The hypothesis that abused children who were
      enrolled in day-care intervention programs would be more competent in peer
      interaction than abused children who were observed in newly formed groups and not
      enrolled in peer-based intervention programs was supported. The peer interaction
      of abused children in well-established groups was similar to that of normal
      children and more skillful than that of abused and clinic children in newly
      formed groups. Normal children engaged in similar peer interaction in newly
      formed and well-established groups. The results are discussed in terms of the
      social support network provided by the day-care intervention and missing in the
      family environment of abused children.

PMID- 4052848
TI  - Implementation of a family stress checklist.

PMID- 4052849
TI  - Child pornography and legislation in the Netherlands.

PMID- 4052850
TI  - [Hemodynamic study during the postoperative period in coronary patients
      undergoing non-cardiac surgery. The role of mechanical ventilation and sedation].
AB  - The initial period of postoperative rewarming is frequently marked by rapid
      increases in metabolic rate and myocardial work leading to haemodynamic
      instability. In order to test the beneficial effect of mechanical respiratory
      support with sedation in the postoperative period, 18 patients with coronary
      artery disease operated upon for abdominal or orthopedic surgery were submitted
      to a hemodynamic study. The patients were divided in two groups. In group II
      intravenous nitrates were administered perioperatively. Postoperative hemodynamic
      profiles were similar in both group. No perioperative signs of myocardial
      ischemia were detected. Prolonged ventilation with sedation can prevent the
      hemodynamic stress of recovery.

PMID- 4052851
TI  - [Lung infection and acute adult respiratory distress syndrome during surgical
      resuscitation].
AB  - Non cardiogenic pulmonary edema (PE) is frequently observed during the
      postoperative period. 56 patients with postoperative PE were divided into two
      groups: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrom and NHPE, non hemodynamic PE.
      The incidence of primary pulmonary infection and pulmonary superinfection were
      investigated. Both groups were not different except for the level of PaO2 lower
      in ARDS. Mortality was higher in ARDS (80%) than in NHPE (42%). Pulmonary primary
      infection and superinfection were respectively observed in 33 and 10%, and 23 and
      15% of ARDS and NHPE. Blood cultures were more frequently positive during
      abdominal sepsis than during pneumonia. Viral etiology was thrice noted in 13
      pneumonitis. Value of diagnostic methods for respiratory infections is discussed.

PMID- 4052852
TI  - [Bilateral adrenal pheochromocytoma associated with pregnancy. Simultaneous
      cesarean section and adrenalectomy].
AB  - An-25-year-old primigravida with bilateral phaeochromocytomas was managed from 6
      weeks' gestation until 2 years following combined caesarean section and removal
      of adrenal tumours. Preoperative alpha-blockade was achieved by oral prazosin
      without deleterious effects. Intraoperative management comprised
      neuroleptanalgesia, arterial and pulmonary pressures monitoring, adequate heart
      loading with fluid replacement and sodium nitroprusside. Postoperatively mother
      and baby remained normotensive.

PMID- 4052854
TI  - [Difficult intubation in children].

PMID- 4052853
TI  - [Postoperative staphylococcal toxic shock. Apropos of 2 cases of orthopedic
      surgery].

PMID- 4052856
TI  - [Induced normovolemic hemodilution. Calculation of the amount of blood to be
      withdrawn].
AB  - The authors study the variation of the hematocrit during a provoked normovolemic
      hemodilution. To get a predetermined hematocrit rate they use a simple and
      original biophysical model which gives the exact blood volume to be extracted.
      Then they use the same method to evaluate the hematocrit of the extracted blood
      after its conditionnement in packs.

PMID- 4052855
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of flunitrazepam in coronary patients. Postoperative study
      immediately after digestive tract and orthopedic surgery].
AB  - The present study was designed to evaluate the haemodynamic effects of
      flunitrazepam used for sedation in the post operative period after abdominal or
      orthopedic surgery. Patients with coronary artery disease (C.A.D.) were divided
      in two groups; in group II stable cardiac failure was present. Results did not
      show any significant haemodynamic changes after flunitrazepam in both groups.
      Flunitrazepam is a haemodynamic secure and valuable agent for sedation during
      recovery for patients with C.A.D. even in stable cardiac failure.

PMID- 4052858
TI  - [Tetracaine with the addition of metaraminol in spinal anesthesia].

PMID- 4052857
TI  - [Effect of an extreme lordotic peroperative position on aortic output].

PMID- 4052859
TI  - [Thrombopenia during ranitidine and thiamphenicol therapy: thiamphenicol as the
      responsible agent].

PMID- 4052860
TI  - [Neurosurgical intervention and neonatal thrombopenia].

PMID- 4052861
TI  - Retrobulbar anesthesia for cataract surgery: comparison of bupivacaine and
      bupivacaine/lidocaine combinations.
AB  - Three groups of 15 patients each were randomly assigned to receive a retrobulbar
      anesthetic block with 0.5% bupivacaine, 0.5% bupivacaine/2% lidocaine or 0.5%
      bupivacaine/2% lidocaine/1:100 000 epinephrine for unilateral cataract surgery.
      Hyaluronidase was added to each of the preparations, which were used in double
      blind fashion. Lid and globe akinesia and corneal anesthesia were graded after 4
      minutes of ocular massage and 36 minutes later (at the end of the procedure) to
      assess the rapidity of onset and the duration of action of the anesthetics.
      Overall, bupivacaine/lidocaine/epinephrine was the most effective in producing
      akinesia of the lids and globe. Bupivacaine alone was more effective than
      bupivacaine/lidocaine without epinephrine in producing akinesia, although it was
      slower in producing anesthesia. There was no difference between the groups in the
      frequency of pain or of the need for analgesia 6 hours postoperatively.

PMID- 4052862
TI  - Ophthalmologic use of botulinum A exotoxin.
AB  - Purified botulinum A exotoxin was used to treat 9 adults with strabismus, 22
      adults with incapacitating essential blepharospasm and 1 adult with "senile"
      spastic lower-eyelid entropion. Eight of the strabismus patients received one
      injection each into one horizontal extraocular muscle under electromyographic
      control in the outpatient clinic; the ninth patient received two injections. One
      week after the injection there was an 81% change on average in the angle of
      deviation. In the three patients followed up for 4 to 9 months the average change
      was 66%. For the patients with blepharospasm the toxin was injected into the
      orbicularis oculi. Relief of spasm lasted an average of 12 weeks after the first
      treatment and 15 weeks after the second. In the patient with spastic entropion
      the symptoms resolved with repeated injection of the lower-lid orbicularis. In
      all three groups the injections were well tolerated. The main complication was
      transient ptosis, which occurred in about 30% of the first two groups.

PMID- 4052863
TI  - Timolol and pilocarpine are hypotensive in light-induced avian glaucoma.
AB  - Two antiglaucoma drugs were tested on Hubbard chicks with light-induced avian
      glaucoma (LIAG). This animal model for open-angle glaucoma was further assessed
      by a novel method for monitoring aqueous inflow and outflow simultaneously. When
      the chicks were 8 to 9 weeks of age the preglaucomatous eyes were significantly
      enlarged (p less than 0.001), weighing a mean of 3.37 g, compared with 2.59 g for
      a group of normal eyes, but the intraocular pressure (IOP) was slightly lower in
      the former (13.79 v. 16.46 mm Hg; p less than 0.05). At this age the aqueous
      outflow was markedly reduced (to 0.70 v. 2.47 microL/min; p less than 0.05), but
      no change in aqueous inflow could be demonstrated. By 18 to 20 weeks the
      glaucomatous eyes were further enlarged (mean weight 4.67 v. 3.76 g; p less than
      0.001) and hypertensive (mean IOP 29.85 v. 22.27 mm Hg; p less than 0.05).
      Timolol elicited a 29% to 33% reduction in the IOP at 8 to 9 weeks in both groups
      of eyes. At 18 to 20 weeks it reduced the IOP of the glaucomatous eyes to normal
      values but caused a less marked reduction in the normal eyes. Pilocarpine
      elicited an initial sharp rise in the IOP but was ultimately hypotensive, causing
      about a 33% decrease from the preinfusion IOP, in both young and adult birds.

PMID- 4052865
TI  - Ciliary block glaucoma.

PMID- 4052864
TI  - Ocular and auditory toxicity of long-term, high-dose subcutaneous deferoxamine
      therapy.
AB  - There have been few reported ocular side effects of parenterally administered
      deferoxamine when used for the treatment of transfusional iron overload or acute
      iron poisoning. No auditory side effects have previously been reported. We
      describe two siblings with beta-thalassemia major who, while receiving daily
      subcutaneous infusions of deferoxamine, experienced visual loss secondary to
      optic neuropathy and sensorineural hearing loss. After discontinuation of the
      drug one sibling showed almost complete reversal of the optic neuropathy, but the
      other had a permanent unilateral visual loss. Both had a permanent hearing loss
      but benefited from hearing aids. The mechanism of these complications is
      presently unknown. Patients receiving deferoxamine should be closely monitored
      for ocular and auditory side effects. When such effects are detected the drug
      should be discontinued and the patient observed for improvement. When improvement
      has stabilized, therapy should be restarted at a reduced dosage.

PMID- 4052866
TI  - Optical iridectomy in phakic and pseudophakic patients.

PMID- 4052867
TI  - A method to express complex curves concisely and with high fidelity.
AB  - Piecewise spline interpolation between judiciously selected points on a curve
      reproduces it with great precision. A number of points much smaller than in
      current digitization techniques is needed and their positions fully characterize
      a curve. We present the rules to select the nodal points and we demonstrate that
      their positions are very sensitive to changes in wave form. They can therefore be
      used to identify a curve in parts or in its entirety, to provide its mathematical
      definition.

PMID- 4052868
TI  - Direct determination of the contractility of the guinea pig gallbladder: a new in
      vivo model.
AB  - In vivo methods to study gallbladder contractility either equate gallbladder
      emptying with contraction or have relied on changes in gallbladder intravesicular
      pressure to reflect active transmural tension. We therefore devised an animal
      model in which the contractile force of the intact gallbladder is measured
      directly while the blood and neural supply remains uncompromised. Under general
      anesthesia one pole of the guinea pig gallbladder is anchored to the sternum and
      the other connected to a force displacement transducer. Any contraction-
      relaxation between these two points is recorded. This model was validated by
      measuring gallbladder response to both neuronal and humoral stimulation. Nerve
      stimulation was accomplished by means of two silver collar electrodes placed in
      contact with the cystic duct. With nerve stimulation, a frequency (0.5-10 Hz) or
      amplitude (1-10 V) dependent contraction occurred. Intravenous bethanechol (10 X
      10(4) ng . kg-1 . h-1) and cholecystokinin (3 X 10(4) ng . kg-1 . h-1) both
      induced dose-dependent gallbladder contraction. This model should prove useful in
      assessing the physiologic control of gallbladder contraction.

PMID- 4052869
TI  - Compliance characteristics of the hind-limb arterial system of normal and
      hypertensive rabbits.
AB  - Pressure transients resulting from square-wave changes in abdominal aortic blood
      flow rate were used to derive effective arterial compliance and peripheral
      resistance of the hind-limb circulation of anaesthetized rabbits. The model for
      deriving these parameters proved applicable if step changes in flow were kept
      less than 35% of mean flow. Under resting conditions, the effective hind-limb
      arterial compliance of normal rabbits averaged 3.46 X 10(-3) mL/mmHg (1 mmHg =
      133.322 Pa). Hind-limb arterial compliance decreased with increasing pressure at
      low arterial pressures, but unlike compliance of isolated arterial segments,
      compliance did not vary at and above normal resting pressures. Baroreflex
      destimulation (bilateral carotid artery occlusion) caused an increase in
      effective hind-limb vascular resistance at 48.4% and a decrease of arterial
      compliance of 50.7%, so that the constant for flow-induced arterial pressure
      changes (resistance times compliance) was largely unchanged. Similarly, the
      arterial time constant for rabbits with chronic hypertension was similar to that
      for controls because threefold increases in hind-limb vascular resistance were
      offset by decreases in compliance. Reflex-induced decreases in arterial
      compliance are probably mediated by sympathetic nerves, whereas decreases
      associated with hypertension are related to wall hypertrophy in conjunction with
      increased vasomotor tone. Arterial compliance decreased with increasing pressure
      in hypertensive animals, but this effect was less pronounced than in normotensive
      rabbits.

PMID- 4052870
TI  - Catecholamine release and ventricular arrhythmias during coronary occlusion and
      reperfusion in the dog.
AB  - In anesthetized dogs, 60-min occlusions of either the proximal (n = 14), distal
      (n = 8) left circumflex (LCX), or left anterior descending (LAD, n = 10) arteries
      were followed by reperfusion. Coronary sinus and aortic norepinephrine and
      epinephrine plasma concentrations were measured. The ventricular arrhythmias were
      ventricular premature depolarizations (VPDs), unsustained ventricular tachycardia
      (VT) (greater than or equal to 3 and less than 20 VPDs), sustained VT (greater
      than or equal to 20 VPDs), and ventricular fibrillation (VF). A gradual twofold
      increase (p less than 0.05) in myocardial norepinephrine overflow followed
      occlusion in all three groups. The increases in the amounts of norepinephrine
      released in the coronary sinus blood during reperfusion were significant and
      proportional to the size of the occluded area: proximal LCX, from 0.236 +/- 0.038
      to 1.528 +/- 0.490 ng/mL of plasma (p less than 0.001); LAD, from 0.180 +/- 0.027
      to 0.795 +/- 0.286 ng/mL (p less than 0.05); distal LCX, from 0.215 +/- 0.039 to
      0.404 +/- 0.110 ng/mL (p less than 0.05). Aortic epinephrine concentrations were
      significantly increased only by LAD occlusion; at 15 min, the value had increased
      to 0.187 +/- 0.053 ng/mL from an initial value of 0.069 +/- 0.029 ng/mL (p less
      than 0.001). Two phases of ventricular arrhythmias followed both occlusion and
      reperfusion. Phase 1 postocclusion was characterized by VPDs and phase 2 by VPDs
      and unsustained VT. Sustained VT was seen only in phase 1 postreperfusion,
      whereas unsustained VT was seen in phase 2. VF was seen in 50, 35, and 25% of the
      dogs with proximal LCX, LAD, and distal LCX occlusion and reperfusion.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052871
TI  - Rebound cardiovascular responses following stimulation of canine vagosympathetic
      complexes or cardiopulmonary nerves.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of a canine vagosympathetic complex or a cardiopulmonary
      nerve can elicit a variety of negative chronotropic and inotropic cardiac
      responses, with or without alterations in systemic arterial pressure. In the
      period immediately following cessation of such a stimulation "rebound"
      tachycardia, increased inotropism above control values in one or more regions of
      the heart, and (or) elevation in systemic arterial pressure can occur. These
      "rebound" phenomena are abolished by propranolol or ipsilateral chronic
      sympathectomy. It is proposed that "vagal" poststimulation "rebound" of the
      canine cardiovascular system is primarily the result of activation of sympathetic
      neural elements present in the vagosympathetic complexes or cardiopulmonary
      nerves.

PMID- 4052872
TI  - Dopamine-stimulated parathyroid hormone release in vitro: further evidence for a
      two-pool model of parathyroid hormone secretion.
AB  - Bovine parathyroid tissue was placed in an in vitro perifusion system for the
      study of parathyroid hormone secretion stimulated by low calcium and dopamine.
      Dopamine caused a transient increase in parathyroid hormone release, while low
      calcium caused a sustained increase in parathyroid hormone secretion. The
      dopamine response was similar to that caused by isoproterenol. After parathyroid
      hormone release had been stimulated by dopamine there was no response to
      isoproterenol, suggesting they cause the release of the same cellular pool of
      hormone. Inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide eliminated the
      response to low calcium, with no effect on dopamine-stimulated parathyroid
      hormone release. These studies suggest dopamine stimulates the release of a
      limited quantity storage pool of parathyroid hormone, while low calcium causes a
      sustained release of hormone by stimulating secretion of newly synthesized
      hormone. Low calcium has little or no effect on release of the storage granule
      pool of parathyroid hormone.

PMID- 4052873
TI  - The effect of prenatal treatment with busulfan on in vitro androgen production by
      testes from rats of various ages.
AB  - Treatment of rats with busulfan in utero severely depletes the germ cell
      population of the seminiferous tubules. These studies have examined the in vitro
      capacity of testicular tissue and Leydig cells from such testes to secrete
      androgens. Leydig cells were identified by staining for 3 beta-hydroxy steroid
      dehydrogenase. Rats were studied at several ages to identify any developmental
      changes in the androgen-secreting capacity of control and treated gonads. At 30
      days of age, no effect of treatment on serum androgen was found. At 60 and 90
      days of age, treatment caused decreased androgen and increased LH content of the
      serum. At 12, 30, 60, and 90 days of age, the amount of androgen secreted per
      milligram of testicular tissue in response to LH was higher in busulfan-treated
      rats. Leydig cells from 60- and 90-day-old rats which had received busulfan were
      also hyperresponsive to LH. It was concluded that Leydig cells from testes
      essentially devoid of germ cells were hyperresponsive to LH. Serum androgen
      levels were decreased yet androgen production per Leydig cell was increased. A
      possible explanation of this apparent paradox is that busulfan treatment resulted
      in decreased numbers of Leydig cells in the gonads.

PMID- 4052874
TI  - Adenine nucleotide synthesis from inosine during normoxia and after ischaemia in
      the isolated perfused rat heart.
AB  - [14C]inosine in a range of concentrations of 20 microM to 1 mM was administered
      to the isolated perfused rat heart for 30 min. The incorporation of the
      nucleoside into myocardial adenine nucleotides increased for extracellular
      concentrations of the precursor up to 50 microM, reaching a plateau at 60 nmol .
      g-1 X 30 min-1 with concentrations ranging between 50 and 200 microM. The supply
      of 500 microM and 1 mM of inosine induced a further increase in cardiac adenine
      nucleotide synthesis to about 200 nmol . g-1 X 30 min-1. When supplied during low
      flow ischaemia (0.5 mL . min-1, 30 min.), 1 mM of inosine protected the heart
      against ATP degradation, while 100 microM of inosine was inefficacious. In the
      presence of 1 mM of inosine on reperfusion the adenine nucleotide content of the
      heart was similar to that observed in the absence of the nucleoside. The
      incorporation of [14C]inosine into adenine nucleotides was, in this last
      condition, below the value measured before ischaemia. Inosine administration was
      effective in protecting the heart against ischaemic breakdown of glycogen and
      favoured postischaemic restoration of glycogen stores.

PMID- 4052875
TI  - Contribution of postexercise increment in glucose storage to variations in
      glucose-induced thermogenesis in endurance athletes.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to evaluate the contribution of an increment in
      glucose storage to the reduced glucose-induced thermogenesis (GIT) characterizing
      endurance-trained individuals. For that purpose, glucose storage and GIT were
      determined during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in eight elite endurance
      athletes exercising between 6 and 16 h/week. Their values were compared with
      those obtained in five nontrained subjects submitted to two OGTT, i.e., before
      and 16 h after they had performed a 90-min vigorous exercise. As expected,
      endurance athletes exhibited a reduced GIT and a greater glucose storage during
      the OGTT in comparison to the preexercise values of nontrained subjects. Once the
      latter subjects had performed the 90-min exercise, their glucose storage during
      the OGTT was similar to the level found in athletes. This adaptation was
      accompanied by a significant reduction in GIT, which corresponded to 47% of the
      difference observed between trained and nontrained subjects when both groups
      maintained their usual life habits. Unlike GIT, resting metabolic rate (RMR) was
      found to be higher in athletes than in nontrained individuals. When subdividing
      the athletes into two subgroups on the basis of the duration of their weekly
      training, it was found that RMR was mainly elevated in those performing the
      higher amount of exercise. These results demonstrate that the reduced GIT
      characterizing endurance-trained individuals is partly explained by an increase
      in glucose storage during an OGTT. As further discussed, this reduced GIT is
      likely an indirect consequence of modifications of other energy-requiring energy
      processes rather than a direct result of the postexercise increment in glucose
      storage.

PMID- 4052876
TI  - Heterogeneous uptake of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine by mouse spleen
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Spleens of mice treated with 9-beta-D-[2,8-3H]arabinofuranosyladenine (araA), 0.5
      30.0 mg/kg showed rapid dose-dependent accumulation of 3H, which peaked at 2.5
      mg/kg. Lymphocytes from spleens showed linear uptake when incubated with 0.68,
      1.36, and 5.03 microM araA over 120 s. With 1.0 mM araA, uptake was reduced in
      rate but was not saturated. Tritiated metabolites identified from these
      lymphocytes were araA which predominated after brief incubations, its deaminated
      form (araH), and some phosphorylated product in small amount. Inhibition of
      deaminase increased intracellular araA. Although potent inhibitors of nucleoside
      transport inhibited araA uptake marginally, adenosine competed with araA for
      about 50% of the uptake capacity. The data suggest that the uptake of araA by
      mouse lymphocytes, which is not simple diffusion, occurs by a mechanism distinct
      from typical nucleoside transport.

PMID- 4052877
TI  - Peripheral vascular responses to hypoxic hypoxia after aortic denervation.
AB  - We wished to see whether aortic chemoreceptors and other vagal afferent traffic
      played an essential role in the circulatory adjustments to hypoxic hypoxia.
      Aortic chemoreceptors were denervated (AD) in one group (n = 6) of anesthetized
      dogs, bilateral cervical vagotomy (V) was done on a second group (n = 6), and a
      third group (n = 6) was sham-operated to serve as a control. Venous outflow from
      the left hindlimb was isolated. After a 20-min control period of ventilation with
      room air, the animals were ventilated for 60 min with 9% of O2 in N2. Arterial,
      mixed venous, and hindlimb venous blood samples were taken every 20 min. The
      cardiac output response to hypoxic hypoxia was attenuated at 40 and 60 min in
      both the AD and V groups (p less than 0.05). Hindlimb blood flow increased
      equally in all three groups during hypoxia. The pressor response at the onset of
      hypoxia (20 min) was abolished in the AD and V groups, but mean arterial pressure
      fell to similar levels in all three groups by 60 min of hypoxia. We concluded
      that reflex aortic chemoreceptor stimulation during hypoxia augmented cardiac
      output mostly by effects on the venous side of the circulation but played no role
      in skeletal muscle vascular responses to hypoxic hypoxia.

PMID- 4052878
TI  - Cholesterol feeding impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation of rabbit aorta.
AB  - Experiments were designed to assess the effect of cholesterol feeding on the
      endothelium-mediated relaxation of the rabbit aorta to acetylcholine. Age-matched
      male New Zealand white rabbits were fed either a 2% cholesterol diet or standard
      rabbit chow. The animals were anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone and
      sacrificed after 4 and 8 weeks on these diets. Rings were prepared from the
      proximal thoracic aorta and examined in tissue baths. These rings were contracted
      first with norepinephrine (-6 log mol/L) and acetylcholine was added to
      demonstrate the endothelium-mediated relaxation. The endothelium-dependent
      relaxation was significantly less in aortas from rabbits fed the 2% cholesterol
      diet than in aortas from animals fed the conventional diet. This impairment of
      relaxation was apparent after both 4 and 8 weeks of cholesterol feeding. In both
      groups of animals no relaxation was seen in rings from which the endothelium was
      removed. These results show that cholesterol feeding leads to an impairment of
      endothelium-mediated relaxation of the rabbit aorta to acetylcholine.

PMID- 4052879
TI  - Evidence for increased hepatic sympathetic nerve activity resulting in
      hyperglycemia in response to hemorrhage-induced reflex stimulation in
      anesthetized dogs.
AB  - To investigate the role of the sympathoadrenal system in glucose mobilization by
      the liver during hemorrhage, catecholamine (CA) output from both adrenal glands
      was determined in anesthetized dogs. Venous blood draining from both adrenal
      glands was combined in a Y-tube that was connected to an electromagnetic flow
      probe to measure total adrenal venous blood flow. Plasma concentrations of
      norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA), and glucose (GL) were
      determined in various vascular regions. Adrenal CA output (nanograms per minute)
      under basal conditions was 50.2 +/- 13.6, 181.4 +/- 41.9, and 13.7 +/- 4.8 for
      NE, E, and DA, respectively. These values were found to increase significantly (P
      less than 0.05) in response to 5 min of hemorrhage, reaching a maximum output
      (nanograms per minute) of 663.6 +/- 160.6 (NE), 2503.4 +/- 607.8 (E), and 141.7
      +/- 43.7 (DA). Aortic CAs (nanograms per millilitre) increased significantly with
      a predominant increase in E (0.33 +/- 0.08 to 3.75 +/- 1.03, P less than 0.05).
      In contrast, increases in portal and hepatic venous CAs (nanograms per
      millilitre) were characterized by a predominant increase in NE (0.30 +/- 0.06 to
      0.64 +/- 0.11 and 0.17 +/- 0.02 to 0.31 +/- 0.07, respectively, P less than
      0.05). Hepatic venous and aortic GL concentrations also increased significantly
      during hemorrhage. Among the various correlations between plasma CA and GL
      concentrations, the strongest correlation was found between hepatic venous NE and
      hepatic venous GL (r = 0.804, P less than 0.001). Correlation coefficients
      obtained with aortic NE and E were weaker but significant (r = 0.603 and r =
      0.608, respectively, P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4052880
TI  - The location of noisy visual stimuli.

PMID- 4052881
TI  - [Interhemispheric transfer of visual training in the split-brain cat: effects of
      the experimental setup].

PMID- 4052882
TI  - Stimulus congruity and S-R compatibility as determinants of interference in a
      Stroop-like task.

PMID- 4052883
TI  - [Studies on lexical morphology: transformations related to number].

PMID- 4052884
TI  - Identification of words and letters during reading: a sentence inferiority effect
      for letter detection.

PMID- 4052885
TI  - Monocular asymmetries in vision: we don't see eye-to-eye.

PMID- 4052886
TI  - Monocular asymmetries in vision: one eye dominates. A reply to Steinbach, Howard,
      and Ono.

PMID- 4052887
TI  - Hemorrhagic changes in experimental spinal cord injury models.
AB  - Early hemorrhagic changes in the spinal cord were compared in three experimental
      spinal cord injury models in the rat in order to determine the nature and
      consistency of spinal cord hemorrhage following specific and quantitated forces
      of injury. The spinal cords were injured by weight-dropping, aneurysm clip and
      extradural balloon compression techniques. Hemorrhagic changes were assessed
      quantitatively by the image analyser at 1 and 3 hours after injury. Tissue damage
      was assessed by determining the percentage of total cross sectional area
      containing hemorrhage. The extent of hemorrhage at site of injury in the clip and
      balloon preparations was equal, but several times lower in the weight-drop
      induced injury. Within each experimental group no appreciable differences were
      observed at the site of injury between the 1 and 3 hours preparations. The
      variability of damage within experimental groups was most in the weight-dropping
      and balloon and least in the clip preparations. Differences were also indicated
      with respect to the distribution of hemorrhage in grey versus white matter. These
      findings may be of significance when functional recovery is considered in various
      experimental acute spinal cord injury models.

PMID- 4052888
TI  - The carotid siphon: a scanning electron microscope assessment of its embolic
      potential.
AB  - The role of the carotid siphon as a source of embolic material has had limited
      morphological or clinical study. The morphologic data available suggests that the
      siphon plays only a small role in embolic cerebrovascular disease. Clinical
      studies, however, suggest that it has a significant ischemic potential. To
      clarify this apparent discrepancy, we have designed a scanning electron
      microscope study of the carotid siphon. Eighty percent of the specimens from the
      carotid bifurcation and 30% of the siphon specimens showed evidence of damaged
      endothelium with attached red cell and platelet debris. The embolic potential of
      the siphon is estimated to be between 1/3 to 1/2 that of the carotid bifurcation.
      This supports the most recent clinical studies.

PMID- 4052889
TI  - Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: an analysis of factors affecting
      prognosis.
AB  - A retrospective study of 100 patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage
      was carried out, to identify clinical factors which have a predictive value for
      outcome. Numerical equivalents for the admission level of consciousness (the
      Glasgow Coma Scale), ventricular rupture, partial pressure of oxygen in the
      blood, the electrocardiogram, clot location, and clot size were combined into
      equations predicting outcome. The best single parameter for prediction was the
      Glasgow Coma Scale.

PMID- 4052890
TI  - Primary diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis.
AB  - A review of the literature on primary diffuse meningeal gliomatosis (DMG) yielded
      three cases and we report a fourth. DMG is a syndrome characterized by extensive
      basal and spinal chronic meningitis with mental confusion, headaches, diplopia,
      papilledema and cranial nerve palsies. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has a
      markedly elevated protein content, moderate mononuclear pleocytosis and a normal
      or low glucose. This picture invariably leads to the diagnosis and treatment of
      tuberculous or fungal meningitis despite persistently negative cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) cultures. Reaction of exfoliated CSF cells with glial fibrillary
      acidic protein (GFAP) immunoperoxidase labelled antibody is suggested as a
      diagnostic tool. A basal meningeal biopsy appears to be the only alternative
      diagnostic approach.

PMID- 4052891
TI  - Transient visual loss and occult migraine.

PMID- 4052892
TI  - Building a table: 2.

PMID- 4052894
TI  - International Agency for Research on Cancer.

PMID- 4052893
TI  - ISBT's Munich report available.

PMID- 4052895
TI  - Gastroplasty and breast cancer.

PMID- 4052896
TI  - Restoring lost bone in osteoporosis.

PMID- 4052897
TI  - Adverse reactions to sulfites.
AB  - Sulfites are widely used as preservatives in the food and pharmaceutical
      industries. In the United States more than 250 cases of sulfite-related adverse
      reactions, including anaphylactic shock, asthmatic attacks, urticaria and
      angioedema, nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhea, seizures and death, have been
      reported, including 6 deaths allegedly associated with restaurant food containing
      sulfites. In Canada 10 sulfite-related adverse reactions have been documented,
      and 1 death suspected to be sulfite-related has occurred. The exact mechanism of
      sulfite-induced reactions is unknown. Practising physicians should be aware of
      the clinical manifestations of sulfite-related adverse reactions as well as which
      foods and pharmaceuticals contain sulfites. Cases should be reported to health
      officials and proper advice given to the victims to prevent further exposure to
      sulfites. The food industry, including beer and wine manufacturers, and the
      pharmaceutical industry should consider using alternative preservatives. In the
      interim, they should list any sulfites in their products.

PMID- 4052898
TI  - Strongyloidiasis in Canadian Far East war veterans.
AB  - A survey was done of Canadians who had been interned by the Japanese during World
      War II to assess the prevalence of latent infection with Strongyloides
      stercoralis in this group. Packages containing three mail-in kits and a
      questionnaire were sent to 992 men, 694 (70%) of whom responded. Larvae were
      found in the stool specimens of four of the respondents. Examination of stool
      specimens after formalin-ether concentration was the most successful method of
      detecting Strongyloides larvae. The Baermann concentration technique yielded
      negative results in all four men. Three of the four cases of strongyloidiasis
      were detected after sampling of three fecal specimens. In the fourth case
      additional specimens were requested on the basis of data derived from the
      questionnaire. The most frequently cited clinical manifestations were abdominal
      pain, weight loss, diarrhea and rashes.

PMID- 4052900
TI  - Resurgence of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn: a report of three cases.

PMID- 4052899
TI  - Leptospirosis in two veterinarians.

PMID- 4052902
TI  - AIDS surveillance.

PMID- 4052901
TI  - Features of a selected group of Canadian patients with AIDS.

PMID- 4052903
TI  - Is academic family medicine at a watershed?. Interview by David Woods.

PMID- 4052904
TI  - Symposium squashes exercise myths.

PMID- 4052905
TI  - Rehabilitation medicine: is it new?

PMID- 4052906
TI  - The importance of Coxiella burnetii as a cause of pneumonia in Nova Scotia.

PMID- 4052907
TI  - Comparison of two hospital tuberculosis surveillance programs: risks and
      benefits.

PMID- 4052908
TI  - Need for approval and household smoking as two indicators of susceptibility to
      peer smoking influence.

PMID- 4052909
TI  - Survey measurements of emotional well-being: the health opinion survey and the
      Bradburn scale compared.

PMID- 4052910
TI  - Factors associated with institutional care of the elderly.

PMID- 4052911
TI  - A look at toddlers immunization.

PMID- 4052912
TI  - Hearing loss in sandblasters.

PMID- 4052913
TI  - Survey of Canadian urban public health prenatal programs goals objectives,
      populations served and outcome measures.

PMID- 4052914
TI  - Preliminary findings on the effects of exercise program participation in older
      adults.

PMID- 4052915
TI  - Smoking: when it's time to quit.

PMID- 4052916
TI  - Determining attitudes of community members toward public health.

PMID- 4052918
TI  - Physiology of the lungs in asthma.

PMID- 4052917
TI  - Fatty acids in Canadian margarines.

PMID- 4052919
TI  - Reliability of a single serum progesterone determination as an indicator of
      ovulation.
AB  - Nine normal cycling subjects were monitored for mid-cycle LH surge and a
      subsequent rise in serum progesterone levels. Frequent samples were then taken
      for progesterone measurement during 8 h sessions in the early, mid and late
      luteal phases. These data showed: that progesterone secretion is pulsatile
      throughout the human luteal phase, with maximum frequency in the mid-luteal
      phase; that during the mid-luteal phase most subjects had progesterone levels
      both above and below currently accepted ovulatory thresholds; the use of a single
      measurement of progesterone in the mid-luteal phase is not always a reliable
      indicator of ovulation; a threshold greater than 20 nmol/l may yield an
      unacceptable number of false negative results.

PMID- 4052920
TI  - A multinational case-control study of ectopic pregnancy. The World Health
      Organization's Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training
      in Human Reproduction: Task Force on Intrauterine Devices for Fertility
      Regulation.
AB  - We conducted a multinational case-control study of ectopic pregnancy in which
      1108 ectopic cases were matched by age, parity and marital status with an equal
      number of pregnant and non-pregnant controls. When cases were compared to
      pregnant controls there was an increased relative risk (RR) of ectopic pregnancy
      associated with the use of an intrauterine device (IUD; RR = 6.4) and
      sterilisation (RR = 10.9) at time of conception, but there was no increased risk
      associated with oral contraception or other reversible methods. There was an
      excess of ovarian pregnancies among cases wearing an IUD, and more cases than
      controls using an IUD had evidence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). This
      suggests that the IUD increases the risk of ectopic gestation possibly by
      providing greater protection against intrauterine (rather than extrauterine)
      pregnancy, and by predisposing women to PID and tubal damage. When cases were
      compared to non-pregnant controls the relative risk of ectopic pregnancy was
      reduced with all methods, but this protective effect was less marked with the IUD
      (RR = 0.5) than with the pill (RR = 0.1), other interval methods (RR = 0.2) or
      sterilisation (RR = 0.2). IUD use prior to conception did not affect the risk of
      ectopic gestation (RR = 0.7). A past history of PID or sexually transmitted
      disease (STD) was associated with an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy compared
      to pregnant (RR = 2.8) and non-pregnant (RR = 2.0) controls. This risk may be
      higher with multiple episodes of previous PID, but the results were not
      consistent. Prior PID in the presence of an IUD did not increase the risk over
      and above that associated with a high risk of recurrence (RR = 7.0 for pregnant
      and RR = 9.3 for non-pregnant controls). Induced abortion did not significantly
      affect the risk of ectopic gestation, but spontaneous abortion was associated
      with an increased risk compared to non-pregnant controls. This finding may have
      been due to selection bias. Cigarette smoking was associated with an increased
      relative risk of 3.1 for pregnant and 1.8 for non-pregnant controls. This was not
      consistent in all comparison groups and may have resulted from confounding, but
      requires further investigation. We did not observe a significant risk of ectopic
      pregnancy following gynaecological surgery.

PMID- 4052921
TI  - The effects of frequent ejaculation on seminal spermatozoal number and
      calculation of daily spermatozoal output.
AB  - Spermatozoal depletion of the extra-gonadal reserve (EGR) has been monitored in
      14 men by analysing ejaculates collected daily for 5 days. It has been concluded
      that EGR is stabilized within 2 days and that an estimate of daily spermatozoal
      output can be obtained either by averaging the values from days 3 to 5 or by
      using the day 5 value alone. This latter parameter may prove useful clinically.

PMID- 4052922
TI  - A report on voluntary sterilisation with special reference to minors and women
      who are intellectually disabled.
AB  - There are no specific legislative provisions regulating sterilisation in any
      State or Territory in Australia and there is a dearth of general case law on the
      subject. To determine the law relating to sterilisation, we need to consider both
      criminal and civil liability. In the absence of specific statutory provisions, it
      is necessary to examine the common law and the possible application of non
      specific statutory provisions in both areas.

PMID- 4052923
TI  - Comparison of cytotoxicity of single dose and infusion of alkylating agents.
AB  - Both cytotoxicity and host toxicity were examined for the alkylating agents HN2,
      BCNU and L-PAM administered intravenously (IV) either as a single bolus injection
      or a 24-hour infusion. The bolus injection was more effective than the infusion
      schedule at a given dose for BCNU and L-PAM. Unexpectedly, the HN2 infusion
      schedule was more effective than bolus injection at a given dose. When host
      survival was the endpoint, both HN2 and L-PAM were shown to be more effective by
      the infusion schedule.

PMID- 4052924
TI  - An approach to the therapy of metastases from cancer of the upper rectum: a
      working hypothesis.
AB  - Previously reported analyses of autopsy data gathered from patients dying from
      the sequelae of adenocarcinomas of the upper rectum revealed a step-wise sequence
      in the development of distant metastases. First, dissemination via the portal
      vein led to secondary hepatic metastases. Cancer cells from these liver
      metastases (not the primary cancer) disseminated via the inferior vena cava to
      generate tertiary pulmonary metastases. Cancer cells from the lung metastases
      (not the primary or secondary cancers) then disseminated via the arterial route
      to give rise to metastases in other organs. We propose a protocol for the
      treatment of patients with upper rectal carcinomas, based on the expectation
      that, at different times after diagnosis, some patients will have no distant
      metastases, metastases in the liver only, or in the liver and lungs only. The
      protocol for therapy is based on currently available liposome technology, by
      means of which high doses of drugs can be targeted to the liver and lungs
      containing the metastases, yet distinct from the metastases. It is argued that
      selective local delivery of this type would increase the dose of cytotoxic agent
      delivered, thereby increasing the chances of overcoming the relative drug
      resistance of the metastatic cancer cells and, at the same time, reduce the risk
      of nonspecific toxicity. Liver and lung-selective liposomes could, when
      necessary, be delivered at the same time, in the same systemic venous infusion.

PMID- 4052925
TI  - Intrapericardial instillation of cisplatin in a patient with a large malignant
      effusion.
AB  - Cisplatin (10 mg in 50 ml normal saline) was administered daily for five days
      directly into the pericardial cavity of a patient with metastatic nonsmall cell
      lung cancer and a malignant pericardial effusion. No systemic or local side
      effects were observed. A dramatic decrease in reaccumulation of pericardial fluid
      was noted which persisted until the patient's death four months later. On the
      basis of this experience, further investigation of the intrapericardial
      administration of cisplatin as treatment to control malignant pericardial
      effusions appears warranted.

PMID- 4052926
TI  - Clinical results of leukocyte interferon-induced tumor regression in resistant
      human metastatic cancer resistant to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy-pulse
      therapy schedule.
AB  - The efficacy of Human 6 IFN (HLIFN) given in a pulse fashion was determined in a
      phase II study. Ninety-one cancer patients were evaluated (9 myeloma, 12 breast,
      14 prostate, 9 melanoma, 4 renal, 6 astrocytoma, 7 ovarian, 9 large bowel, 7
      gastric, 14 head and neck). They all had advanced progressive cancer that was
      resistant to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Patients were treated by
      intramuscular injection of 6 X 10(2) I.U./m2 for three consecutive days every
      four weeks. 84 patients were evaluable. Complete clinical response was obtained
      in 23 patients (4 myeloma, 2 breast, 5 prostate, 1 melanoma, 1 renal, 2
      astrocytoma, 2 ovarian, 2 large bowel, 1 gastric, 3 head and neck). Partial
      responses were observed in 35 patients (3 myeloma, 7 breast, 6 prostate, 4
      melanoma, 1 renal, 2 astrocytoma, 3 ovarian, 4 head and neck). Objective
      responses were related (P less than 0.01) to serum IFN level, with complete and
      partial responses (P less than 0.01) more commonly seen in those patients whose
      serum IFN levels at two hours were in the range of 1000 to 1650 I.U./ml. Side
      effects resulting from pulse IFN were acceptable for this group of patients and
      consisted of fever, transient chills, malaise and asthenia, and transient
      thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia. The extent of fever was directly related (P
      less than 0.01) to response, and was most elevated in patients who achieved
      objective responses. IFN administered in a pulse fashion appears to be more
      effective than daily IFN and merits further evaluation.

PMID- 4052927
TI  - Enhanced antitumor effects with intralymphatic delivery using bacillus Calmette
      Guerin in animal models.
AB  - This study compares the effectiveness of various routes of administration of
      Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) utilizing the New Zealand white (NZW) rabbit V2
      carcinoma model. The routes compared were intratumor, intravenous, scarification,
      subcutaneous, and intralymphatic. Primary tumor regression, disease-free
      interval, and survival were measured. The disease-free interval and survival for
      the intralymphatic group were significantly longer (p less than 0.05) than all
      groups except the scarification group. That group had a prolonged survival as
      compared with all groups except the intralymphatic group. The intralymphatic
      route of administration was the most effective method in causing local tumor
      regression and curtailing metastasis. This study clearly demonstrates that the
      intralymphatic route requires further mechanistic studies and clinical
      investigation as a means for delivering biological response modifiers.

PMID- 4052928
TI  - Lack of dihydrofolate reductase in human tumor and leukemia cells in vivo.
AB  - Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), the main target for methotrexate and other
      antifolate compounds was found to be present in 100-200 times higher
      concentration in human cell lines grown in vitro than in human tumors or cells
      obtained in situ. The DHFR content of human cell lines in vitro however were
      equivalent to rodent tumor lines also measured in vitro. The enzyme was
      quantitated by [3H]methotrexate binding, [3H]dihydrofolate reduction to
      [3H]tetrahydrofolate, and immunoprecipitation with a monospecific anti-serum to
      DHFR. Additional studies revealed only a liver sample to contain significant
      amounts of an inhibitor of DHFR activity. It is postulated either that low levels
      of DHFR in fresh human tissue reflect low cell turnover or conversely that high
      levels in vitro and in animal tissues reflect high levels of enzyme due to
      selection because of high levels of folic acid in culture medium and prepared
      feeds.

PMID- 4052929
TI  - The intraoperative intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin: a case report.
AB  - A 63-year-old female with endometrial carcinoma who had received prior extensive
      systemic chemotherapy and pelvic radiotherapy was administered intraoperative
      cisplatin (100 mg/m2) by the i.p. route. The method and timing of chemotherapy
      administration were chosen to optimize delivery of the antineoplastic agent to
      tumor remaining following debulking surgery. There was no evidence of excessive
      or unexpected local or systemic toxicity. The intraoperative i.p. instillation of
      chemotherapeutic agents has the theoretical potential of improving to a limited
      degree the problem of insuring adequate drug distribution over i.p. chemotherapy.

PMID- 4052930
TI  - Molecular missiles and drug delivery.

PMID- 4052931
TI  - Protective effect of liposomal-amphotericin B against C. albicans infection in
      mice.
AB  - The efficacy of free amphotericin B (AmpB) and liposomal-amphotericin B (L-AmpB)
      in the protection against C. albicans infection in mice was studied. Mice
      injected with a single dose of L-AmpB (1-4 mg/kg) two days prior to the yeast
      inoculation had an increased survival time when compared to animals injected with
      lower doses (0.8 mg/kg) of free AmpB or L-AmpB. L-AmpB (4 mg/kg of body weight)
      conferred protection against the fungal infection even when administered as a
      single dose five days prior to the yeast inoculation. A single-dose regimen of
      free AmpB showed a protective effect only when administered two days prior to the
      inoculum. When mice were challenged with larger yeast inocula, protection was
      seen with L-AmpB (4 mg/kg) or with multiple doses of free AmpB (0.8 mg/kg daily x
      5) and not with single doses of free AmpB. In this group of mice, only animals
      treated with L-AmpB were microbiologically free of infection.

PMID- 4052932
TI  - National survey of patterns of care for Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Patterns of care for Hodgkin's disease were surveyed through voluntary audits of
      hospitals with cancer programs approved by the Cancer Commission of the American
      College of Surgeons. Four hundred seventy-three hospitals reported 6314 patients
      in the long-term survey (patients diagnosed immediately preceding December 31,
      1975), and 611 hospitals identified 3168 new patients in the short-term study
      (patients diagnosed immediately following January 1, 1981). The latter represent
      45% of the estimated annual incidence in the United States. Comparison of the two
      studies showed changes in the procedures employed in staging, including an
      increased use of lung and abdominal computed tomography and bilateral bone marrow
      biopsies. Use of upper mantle plus periaortic node radiotherapy increased,
      whereas the inverted-Y field decreased. The use of single-agent chemotherapy
      decreased, and MOPP (nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone)
      chemotherapy increased. The survival rates varied with age, being better at
      younger ages and worse in the elderly.

PMID- 4052933
TI  - Hairy cell leukemia. Durability of response to splenectomy in 26 patients and
      treatment of relapse with androgens in six patients.
AB  - Twenty-three of 26 patients with hairy cell leukemia evaluable for response to
      splenectomy had significant improvement in anemia, thrombocytopenia, and/or
      neutropenia. Eight of the 23 had a recurrence of cytopenia after a median
      response duration of 4 to 5 months (range, 1-22). The remaining 15 patients did
      not have a recurrence of cytopenia at 20 months median follow-up (range, 1-76).
      Six patients with postsplenectomy cytopenia were given androgenic steroids. Two
      of the six had an improvement in anemia and thrombocytopenia, and a third patient
      had an improvement in neutropenia. It was concluded that, although most patients
      with hairy cell leukemia have initial improvement in cytopenia with splenectomy,
      a significant number of them either fail to respond or have recurrent cytopenia
      after initial response to splenectomy. A trial of androgenic steroids is a
      reasonable therapeutic option in these patients. Alternative therapies are
      reviewed and recommendations made.

PMID- 4052934
TI  - A phase II study of Adriamycin in previously untreated squamous cell carcinoma of
      the head and neck.
AB  - Twenty patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCC H/N) were
      treated with Adriamycin (doxorubicin) at a dosage of 60 mg/m2 at 3-week
      intervals. No patient had received surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy before
      treatment with Adriamycin. Responses were observed in 44% of 18 evaluable tumors.
      We conclude that Adriamycin is a highly active drug in SCC H/N when no prior
      treatment has been administered.

PMID- 4052935
TI  - A randomized study of doxorubicin versus doxorubicin plus cisplatin in endocrine
      unresponsive metastatic prostatic carcinoma.
AB  - Thirty-seven patients with hormonally refractory prostatic carcinoma entered a
      randomized trial comparing doxorubicin and doxorubicin plus cisplatin. All
      patients had failed prior hormonal treatment. Mean Karnofsky performance status
      (76% doxorubicin versus 75% combination), percent of patients with prior
      palliative irradiation (40% doxorubicin versus 35% combination), and hemoglobin
      levels of less than or equal to 12 g/dl (30% doxorubicin versus 24% combination)
      were roughly equivalent in the two treatment groups. More patients treated with
      doxorubicin than the combination treatment had an elevated acid phosphatase level
      at study entry (90% versus 65%). Measurable bidimensional tumors were present in
      13 patients in 16 sites in the doxorubicin arm and in 10 patients in 11 sites in
      the combination arm. Partial responses were seen in 1 of 13 patients in the
      doxorubicin arm and 2 (20%) of 10 patients in the combination arm. Improvement in
      Karnofsky performance status of 20% or greater was rarely observed with either
      treatment (7% doxorubicin versus 8% combination). Acid phosphatase levels
      normalized or improved by 50% in 39% of patients who received doxorubicin and 27%
      of patients who received the combination. The overall response rate by National
      Prostatic Cancer Project Criteria was 53% for doxorubicin and 59% for doxorubicin
      plus cisplatin. Myelotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity were severe,
      particularly in the combination arm, and required discontinuation of treatment in
      some patients who responded to treatment. Moderate renal dysfunction (creatinine
      value 2.0-3.0 mg/dl) occurred only in the combination arm at an incidence of 23%.
      Time to progression and survival were similar for the two treatment groups. In
      this small group of 37 patients, the combination of cisplatin and doxorubicin
      showed no improvement over doxorubicin alone in response, response duration, or
      survival, and was difficult to administer in this patient population.

PMID- 4052936
TI  - Treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in young and elderly patients.
AB  - Among 95 consecutive patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), 61 were
      treated with a high-dose chemotherapeutic induction regimen consisting of
      daunorubicin, vincristine, and cytosine arabinoside (DOA). The complete remission
      (CR) rate was 66%. Although young patients responded better than older patients,
      only sex was found to be of prognostic significance for achieving CR (84% CR in
      men versus 47% in women, P less than 0.005, independent of age). Patients in CR
      received consolidation, monthly maintenance therapy, and late intensification for
      a period of 2 years. Median remission duration was 57 weeks and median survival,
      93 weeks. Projected CR rate at 5 years was 30%. CR and survival duration were
      significantly longer in patients 40 to 60 years old when compared with younger
      and older patients (P = 0.023). They were also longer in male than in female
      patients (P = 0.018), but this may be due to an effect of age. In the 34 patients
      who did not receive DOA treatment because of age or poor clinical conditions,
      there was no survival beyond 57 weeks, except in a 73-year-old woman who reached
      a spontaneous remission during acute infection. ANLL characteristics at
      presentation revealed a tendency toward a smaller tumor mass (P less than 0.05)
      and rarer Auer rods present (P = 0.03) with increasing age. Features and
      treatment of ANLL in elderly patients are discussed in view of the poor results
      obtained with conservative management.

PMID- 4052937
TI  - The association of lipoprotein cholesterol with vitamin A.
AB  - Several studies have linked total serum cholesterol concentrations below 200
      mg/dl with increased cancer risk, especially among men. Cancer risk appears to be
      associated primarily with low concentrations of total cholesterol and of low
      density lipoprotein cholesterol but not of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
      (HDL). It has been suggested that low concentrations of total cholesterol are
      associated with increased cancer risk indirectly by virtue of their association
      with low concentrations of carotene and/or retinol. The relationship between
      serum carotene and cholesterol in a biracial group of 146 first-year college
      students was investigated. White men and women had similar carotene
      concentrations. Blacks had higher serum carotene concentrations than whites.
      There was a significant relationship between carotene concentrations and total
      cholesterol, which was most evident in men, both black (r = +0.72; P less than
      0.01) and white (r = +0.49; P less than 0.01). The correlations for the women
      were significant, but of lower magnitude than for the men. Significant carotene
      HDL relationships were observed among black men (r = 0.31; P less than 0.05) and
      among women (r = 0.35; P less than 0.05 and r = 0.31; P less than 0.05, black and
      white, respectively). Furthermore, the women also demonstrated a significant
      carotene-HDL2 association. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that
      the association between low serum cholesterol concentrations and cancer may be
      the result of a relationship between lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and
      vitamin A metabolism.

PMID- 4052938
TI  - Accelerated tumor induction by distal esophageal constriction in the rat under
      the influence of N-ethyl-N-butyl-nitrosamine.
AB  - When given N-ethyl-N-butyl-nitrosamine, which was added to the drinking water, a
      statistically significantly greater number of esophageal papillomas developed in
      rats with an operatively produced stenosis of the distal esophagus than in
      control rats without stenosis. The tumor induction occurred earlier in the rats
      that had undergone surgery, and the preferred site was in the area of the
      stenosis.

PMID- 4052939
TI  - Steroid receptors in dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis.
AB  - To investigate whether gonadal hormones are involved in the tumorigenesis of
      dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colonic neoplasms, the authors measured steroid
      receptors in the neoplasms. 30- or 60-day-old BD-IX rats were injected with 20 mg
      of 1,2-DMH per kg of body weight once a week for 20 weeks. Fifty-seven rats were
      sacrificed at 40 to 45 weeks after the initial injection. Androgen receptor (AR),
      estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR) were measured in colonic
      neoplasms. The total number of colonic neoplasms was 274 among 57 rats, 65.8% in
      male rats and 34.2% in female rats. The mean number of colonic neoplasms per rat
      was higher in male rats, i.e., 5.6, compared with 3.5 in female rats. A slightly
      higher number of colonic neoplasms per rat was seen in the rats that had the
      initial injection at 30 days of age. The number of large colonic neoplasms with a
      diameter of more than 1 cm was 77 (28.1%), 74% of which were seen in male rats.
      Thus, a higher incidence of tumors that were also larger were seen in male rats.
      Histologic findings showed that 53.6% of the neoplasms were carcinomas. The
      highest incidence of colonic neoplasms was in the distal colon in both sexes.
      Most of the well-differentiated adenocarcinoma were seen in the distal colon
      (82.2%), whereas mucinous carcinoma and undifferentiated adenocarcinoma were
      prominent in the proximal colon or cecum (56.1%). In rats with a normal colon,
      low levels of AR and PR were determined; but ER was not found in any regions of
      the colon. In DMH-induced colonic cancer, the incidence as well as the
      concentration was higher in male rats (60.6%, 16.9 +/- 3.6 fm/mg protein),
      compared with female rats (40.0%, 4.6 +/- 0.8 fm/mg protein). Similar incidences
      and levels of ER and PR were seen in both sexes. There was no relationship
      between steroid receptors and histologic findings in colonic neoplasms. These
      results suggest that the gonadal hormones, especially androgens, appear to be
      involved in DMH-induced colon tumorigenesis in male rats.

PMID- 4052940
TI  - Ganglioside composition of human neuroblastomas. Correlation with prognosis. A
      Pediatric Oncology Group Study.
AB  - The ganglioside composition of neuroblastoma samples from 53 patients was
      determined. Tumor sites included the adrenals (15), and the thoracic (20),
      abdominal (15), and pelvic (3) areas. Age of the patients at the time of surgery
      ranged from 1 day to over 10 years and the Stage of the tumors from A to D.
      Differences in ganglioside patterns were observed, with neuroblastomas from
      patients who were either disease positive or dead of disease tending to have more
      monosialogangliosides and fewer gangliotetraose gangliosides of the B series
      (formula; see text) than tumors from patients who were disease-free. More
      specifically, six of the seven patients lacking GT1b died of disease, suggesting
      that the absence of GT1b is indicative of a poor prognosis.

PMID- 4052941
TI  - Benign clear cell (sugar) tumor of the lung. A light microscopic, histochemical,
      and ultrastructural study with a review of the literature.
AB  - A case of a benign clear cell "sugar" tumor of the lung is reported. Light
      microscopy showed a uniform proliferation of clear cells filled with abundant
      glycogen. At the ultrastructural level, tumor cells were rich in free
      monogranular and rosette-forming glycogen, but no membrane-bound glycogen was
      demonstrated. Some cells showed plasma membrane interdigitations, microvilli, and
      macula occludens-type junctions. Many polymorphic secretory and sporadic haloed
      neurosecretory-like granules were observed, but argyrophil stains as well as a
      large set of immunohistochemical reactions specific for APUD derivation had
      negative results. A literature review of this puzzling entity with particular
      emphasis on the histogenetic hypotheses is presented, and a derivation from
      epithelial nonciliated bronchiolar (Clara) cells or epithelial serous cells is
      suggested.

PMID- 4052942
TI  - Pulmonary cytologic examination in the identification of the second primary
      carcinoma of the lung.
AB  - Multiple primary carcinomas of the lung were histologically confirmed in 23 male
      patients. Five were synchronous neoplasms. Seventeen of the second pulmonary
      cancers originated in the contralateral lung. The major cell type was epidermoid
      (17/23), and in 11 patients the tumor was similar in histologic features to the
      first lesion. Examination of pulmonary secretions as a diagnostic aid in the
      identification of the second malignant neoplasm was employed for 73.9% (17/23) of
      the patients. With a single exception, these were obtained at the second
      diagnostic hospitalization rather than as an outpatient monitoring procedure.
      Only nine patients had a series of cytologic preparations consisting of three
      consecutive early morning sputa, bronchial washings/brushings, and a
      postbronchoscopy sputum. A cytodiagnosis of cancer was established in 82.4%
      (14/17) of the cases and preceded histologic verification in ten. Radiologic
      evidence of a second primary was noted in only 56.5% (13/23) of the patients.
      Pulmonary cytologic examination as a monitoring procedure was not employed in the
      outpatient follow-up for 64 patients surviving pulmonary cancer for 18 months or
      longer. Posttherapeutic studies were obtained on 39.1% (25/64) of the
      hospitalized patients. Thirty-two percent (8/25) were collected concurrently with
      tissue biopsies for the confirmation of recurrence or metastasis. Patients with
      primary pulmonary cancers resected for cure should be monitored on a regular
      basis to include the cytologic examination of three consecutive early morning
      sputa and a chest radiograph.

PMID- 4052943
TI  - Percutaneous silastic catheter insertion in patients with thrombocytopenia.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 33 patients with malignancy and thrombocytopenia of
      less than 100,000/microliter who underwent percutaneous Silastic (Evermed)
      catheter insertion is presented. Thirty-seven catheter insertions were performed
      in these patients during a 2-year period. The insertion technique includes
      intraoperative platelet transfusion for patients with platelet counts of less
      than 50,000/microliter, the use of general anesthesia for infants and children,
      and intravenous sedation with local anesthesia in adults. Minimizing the
      dissection required for the subcutaneous catheter tunnel is achieved with a
      modified shunt-tunneling device. The majority of catheters were placed by the
      subclavian approach. Fifty-nine percent of the procedures took place when the
      platelet count was less than or equal to 30,000/microliter. There was no
      mortality related to the procedure. Four complications directly related to the
      technique (arterial puncture, 3; cervical hematoma, 1) and eight related to the
      catheter occurred without serious sequelae. With appropriate precautions,
      percutaneous placement of Silastic catheters can be performed safely in patients
      with thrombocytopenia. This technique produces less tissue injury than operative
      venotomy, may be performed more rapidly, obviates sacrifice of the vein that is
      used and, consequentially, allows for multiple subsequent insertions via the same
      vein.

PMID- 4052944
TI  - Thymoma and myasthenia gravis in a 4-year-old child. Case report and review of
      the literature.
AB  - Thymomas are exceedingly rare in the first 20 years of life, and only a few well
      documented cases are present in the literature. Thymomas in adults are commonly
      associated with other diseases, the most frequent being myasthenia gravis (MG).
      However, this association has been reported not to occur in childhood. The
      authors report the case of a 4-year and 10-month-old girl who presented with
      clinical evidence of MG before thoracotomy and who developed florid MG after
      thoracotomy for removal of an anterior mediastinal mass later documented to be a
      thymoma.

PMID- 4052945
TI  - Bronchial carcinoma after cervical carcinoma.
AB  - In a series of more than 2500 patients with cervical carcinoma who were regularly
      surveyed after treatment, ten cases of bronchial carcinoma confirmed by biopsy
      were found. The mean delay between the diagnosis of the cervical carcinoma and
      bronchial carcinoma was 28 months. This long interval, particularly when there
      was no distant metastases, raises questions about whether bronchial metastasis of
      cervical carcinoma or a second primary occurred. Comparisons with data of
      population cancer registries argue in favor of metastasis.

PMID- 4052946
TI  - Atypical carcinoid tumor of the small bowel complicating celiac disease.
AB  - An atypical carcinoid tumor of the small bowel in a patient with celiac disease
      is described. Although an increased incidence of malignancy has been observed in
      celiac disease, this seems to be the first report of a carcinoid tumor of the
      small intestine associated with this condition. Although the significance of this
      association is unclear, the implications with regard to gastrointestinal
      endocrine cell proliferation and tumor histogenesis are discussed.

PMID- 4052947
TI  - The effects of symptoms and delay in seeking diagnosis on stage of disease at
      diagnosis among women with cancers of the ovary.
AB  - This study evaluated characteristics of symptoms, their perceived cause, and
      delay in seeking a diagnosis associated with stage, grade, and histologic
      features of disease at diagnosis among incident cancer cases of the ovary (N =
      83) identified in the Iowa National Cancer Institute-Surveillance, Epidemiology,
      and End Results population-based cancer registry. Contrary to clinical
      impressions, most early-stage cancers produced symptoms and were more likely than
      late-stage cancers to cause fatigue and urination problems; however, only
      irregular menstrual cycles were more likely to convince these patients with early
      stage cancers to seek a diagnosis. Late-stage cases were most often accompanied
      by abdominal pain and swelling, but only pain was likely to convince women to
      seek a diagnosis. There was no association between delay, perceived cause, or
      seriousness of symptoms with stage of disease at diagnosis. Women, particularly
      those with a medical history of high risk factors, should be made aware that
      apparently benign disease symptoms are characteristic of early ovarian cancer and
      that this tumor can be found early if they seek medical attention immediately.

PMID- 4052948
TI  - Breast cancer-related inquiries by patients to a telephone information service.
AB  - The authors studied 2804 breast cancer-related inquiries that were made in 1226
      patient calls placed to a cancer hotline between 1979 and 1983. One third of the
      inquiries concerned treatments or their side effects. Questions about
      rehabilitation, biology, and specialists accounted equally for another third of
      the inquiries. The patient-directed nature of these telephone inquiries suggests
      that these data may provide a particularly accurate assessment of breast cancer
      patients' needs for information and counseling that are being inadequately
      addressed under conventional medical care.

PMID- 4052949
TI  - Treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III by hysterectomy without
      intervening conization in patients with adequate colposcopy.
AB  - One hundred forty-four patients found to have cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
      (CIN) III on colposcopically directed biopsy who had completed childbearing were
      treated with a vaginal hysterectomy (112 patients) or abdominal hysterectomy (32
      patients). The mean age of these patients was 28.6 years and the mean gravidity,
      3.4. All patients had adequate colposcopy of the cervix and vagina. The
      transformation zone and lesion(s) were completely visualized. The uterus was
      submitted for histologic examination in all cases. The cervix was sectioned in a
      radial fashion (minimum 12 sections), and the proximal endocervix and lower
      uterine segment were sectioned transversely. CIN III was present in the cervix of
      117 patients, CIN II in 9 patients, CIN I in 8 patients, and no evidence of
      residual neoplasia in 9 patients. Microinvasive cancer (1.3 mm stromal invasion
      without lymph-vascular space invasion) was present in one patient. After surgery,
      patients were seen every 3 months for 2 years and every 6 months thereafter. All
      144 patients were followed up for at least 12 months, 124 patients for 24 months,
      103 patients for 36 months, and 60 patients for 60 to 120 months. To date, all
      patients are alive and well and there have been no cases of recurrent vaginal
      neoplasia or cancer. These data suggest that: adequate colposcopy is an accurate
      method to rule out invasive cervical cancer and abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy
      is an effective therapeutic procedure in women with CIN III who have completed
      reproductive function.

PMID- 4052950
TI  - Effects of first-dose doxorubicin on cardiac rhythm as evaluated by continuous 24
      hour monitoring.
AB  - Doxorubicin has been reported to cause ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death
      in the first 24 hours after administration. The authors placed continuous
      electrocardiographic recording devices on 30 patients 24 hours before, during,
      and 24 hours after doxorubicin administration. Nine patients experienced
      arrhythmias before treatment; 12 patients had posttreatment ectopy. No patient
      had life-threatening arrhythmias before or after treatment. Of the nine patients
      with pretreatment ectopy, only one experienced an increase in severity.
      Conversely, six patients without ectopy before treatment had arrhythmias after
      doxorubicin administration. The authors were unable to determine predictive
      factors in patients with no pretreatment ectopy who developed posttreatment
      premature ventricular contractions. The authors conclude that antecedent
      ventricular ectopy exists in the oncologic population and that this is not
      worsened by first-dose exposure to doxorubicin.

PMID- 4052951
TI  - The effect of adjuvant radiotherapy on the time of occurrence and prognosis of
      local recurrence in primary operable breast cancer.
AB  - A retrospective study was conducted of all patients with an isolated locoregional
      recurrence of carcinoma of the breast after modified radical mastectomy was
      performed with or without adjuvant radiotherapy. The findings are summarized as
      follows: adjuvant radiation therapy delayed the appearance of local recurrence;
      there was no difference in the length of time to the diagnosis of distant
      dissemination between the irradiated and nonirradiated patients after the
      treatment of locoregional relapse. 35% of the irradiated patients and 25% of the
      nonirradiated patients remained clinically free of disease for relatively long
      periods after the treatment of locoregional relapse.

PMID- 4052952
TI  - A role for radiotherapy in the treatment of solid and papillary neoplasms of the
      pancreas.
AB  - Solid and papillary neoplasms of the pancreas are rare tumors that usually occur
      in young women as enlarging abdominal masses. These lesions almost never
      metastasize but may be locally destructive. Although the usual treatment is
      surgery, the authors herein report a case that was treated solely by
      radiotherapy. They conclude that solid and papillary neoplasms of the pancreas
      are radiosensitive and can be successfully treated by radiation therapy.

PMID- 4052953
TI  - Effect of smoking on human natural killer cell activity.
AB  - Natural killer (NK) cells play a central role in immune surveillance against
      tumors and viral infections. NK activity is depressed in patients who have a wide
      range of carcinomas, including carcinomas of the lung. Peripheral blood NK
      activity was measured in 22 nonsmokers, 15 light/moderate smokers, 12 heavy
      smokers, and 19 patients with carcinoma of the lung. Patients with carcinoma of
      the lung had marked depression in NK activity compared with nonsmokers.
      Light/moderate smokers had NK activity comparable to that of nonsmokers, whereas
      heavy smokers had marked depression in NK activity that was comparable to that of
      patients with carcinoma of the lung. These results suggest that smoking-induced
      alterations in NK activity may have a role in the pathogenesis of smoking
      associated carcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 4052954
TI  - Natural killer cell activity during the course of disease in patients with
      Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Natural killer (NK) activity was investigated in 61 patients with Stage III and
      IV Hodgkin's disease during the course of disease and in 30 healthy age- and sex
      matched healthy volunteers. The mean NK activity was significantly lower (P less
      than 0.001) in untreated patients and in patients in the active phase of the
      disease during treatment, compared with controls. There was a similar mean value
      of NK activity in normal subjects, compared with patients in clinical remission.
      NK activity correlated with the response to therapy. In patients responding to
      treatment, NK activity was increasing, reaching normal range in remission. The
      patients not responding to therapy showed gradual decrease of NK activity during
      the course of disease. These results suggest that the study of NK function might
      offer a helpful tool in following the clinical course and the efficacy of
      therapy, as well as for monitoring cancer patients from an immunologic viewpoint.

PMID- 4052955
TI  - Clinicopathologic study of thyroid carcinoma infiltrating the trachea.
AB  - Eighteen patients (10 women and 8 men), ranging in age from 37 to 80 years, with
      thyroid carcinoma infiltrating the trachea comprised this series. Eleven had
      primary and 7 had recurrent cases. Total laryngectomy was performed in 4
      patients, and tracheal resection was carried out followed by end-to-end
      anastomosis in 13 patients. In one patient, reconstruction was done with
      Naville's artificial trachea after tracheal resection. Eleven patients were alive
      after 1 year and 8 months to 6 years and 7 months after the operation. This
      result was significantly better than that of a group of ten patients without
      resection of the infiltrated trachea (seven patients died within 6 months). Thus,
      combined resection of the upper airway improved the prognosis of advanced thyroid
      carcinoma with tracheal infiltration. Histologic examination of surgical
      specimens demonstrated well-differentiated carcinoma in seven patients, poorly
      differentiated carcinoma in seven patients, undifferentiated carcinoma in three
      patients, and squamous cell carcinoma in one patient. The result showed a higher
      frequency of poorly differentiated carcinoma than in the control group of 70
      patients without tracheal infiltration.

PMID- 4052956
TI  - Carcinoma in situ in nonpolypoid mucosa of the large intestine. Report of a case
      with significance in strategies for early detection.
AB  - A case of carcinoma in situ of the flat, nonpolypoid mucosa of the large
      intestine in a 32-year-old man is reported. This case is of unusual importance
      because it was detected by endoscopy and was effectively managed; it sheds
      further light into the histogenesis of large intestinal carcinomas; and it points
      to alternate strategies for early detection and prevention of large intestinal
      carcinomas.

PMID- 4052957
TI  - Simultaneous occurrence of a calcifying odontogenic cyst and its malignant
      transformation.
AB  - The authors report a 48-year-old woman with a lesion in the maxilla, where a
      typical calcifying odontogenic cyst and a malignant tumor occurred
      simultaneously. She was diagnosed as having a malignant calcifying odontogenic
      cyst (tumor). The patient died of intracranial extension 20 months after
      diagnosis. Metastases were not detected.

PMID- 4052958
TI  - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia with hyperleukocytosis. The hyperviscosity syndrome.
AB  - A 47-year-old man with hyperleukocytic chronic lymphocytic leukemia progressively
      developed retinal hemorrhages, headache, diplopia, dysequilibrium, slurred
      speech, nystagmus, ataxic gait, and hearing loss as his leukocyte count rose to a
      maximum of 968,000/mm3. All of these symptoms and signs resolved promptly after
      leukapheresis. The authors reviewed records of 210 patients with chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia seen at our institution over a 12-year period, and found 16
      patients with sustained hyperleukocytosis above 500,000/mm3, 3 of whom had
      features of the hyperviscosity syndrome. No laboratory values consistently
      predicted the occurrence or lack of occurrence of the hyperviscosity syndrome.
      The key to the management of hyperviscosity syndrome in the setting of
      hyperleukocytic chronic lymphocytic leukemia is to consider the diagnosis and to
      rapidly lower the lymphocyte count.

PMID- 4052959
TI  - Reevaluation of prognostic significance of symptoms in Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - The prognostic value--at diagnosis--of fever, sweating and weight loss, which
      enter the Ann Arbor B category, and of pruritus, whose influence on survival is
      still debated, were systematically reevaluated in 635 patients with Hodgkin's
      disease, observed between 1972 and 1982. By means of multivariate analysis an
      intrinsic, more negative prognostic value was demonstrated for each of the
      following symptoms: fever over 38 degrees C, weight loss more than 10% of body
      weight in the 6 months before admission, and severe pruritus, which is defined as
      being generalized, causing multiple excoriations and resisting local and systemic
      antipruritics. Patients with the mild counterparts of these symptoms, as well as
      sweats, were found to have a survival rate quite comparable with that of fully
      asymptomatic patients. A rearrangement of the Ann Arbor B constitutional symptoms
      which would replace sweats with severe pruritus might be more correct and more
      suitable for better selecting the patients who require more aggressive therapy.

PMID- 4052960
TI  - Phantom breast sensations following mastectomy.
AB  - Eighty-nine patients were studied for the incidence and nature of phantom breast
      sensations (PBS) after a modified mastectomy. Twenty-nine (33%) reported
      experiencing pain or itching in the breast or the more vague sensation that the
      breast was still present. Phantom breast sensations appeared generally within the
      first 3 postoperative months. The duration varies from a few seconds to a few
      minutes. There were great individual differences in the frequency at which PBS
      appeared. Forty-one percent had the experience monthly or more often. All of the
      patients with a high frequency of PBS (12) belonged to the group of 13 women who
      suffered under these sensations. The occurrence of PBS was not related to left or
      right mastectomy, radiotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy, having a sexual partner,
      or a history of lactation. At the time of operation, women who later developed
      PBS generally were younger, premenopausal, more often had children, and had a
      preoperative history of breast sensations. Before the modified mastectomy, these
      four factors could be used to indicate the probability at which the woman would
      develop PBS.

PMID- 4052961
TI  - Extraintestinal cancers in inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - The case histories of 1961 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 1227
      with Crohn's disease (CD) and 734 with ulcerative colitis (UC), have been studied
      for the incidence of extraintestinal malignant neoplasms. There were 54
      extraintestinal cancers in 51 patients: 28 patients with CD and 23 with UC; 25
      men and 26 women. There were 9 breast, 7 skin, 15 reticuloendothelial, 11
      genitourinary, 3 lung, 3 perianal, 2 pancreatic islet cell, and several
      miscellaneous cancers. The number of patient-years from the onset of disease to
      the last date of follow-up was calculated for men and women with each form of
      IBD. The observed number (O) of neoplasms was recorded. The expected number (E)
      of neoplasms was derived from the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
      (DHEW) incidence figures for the same neoplasms that occurred in a standard age-
      and sex-matched population. The O/E ratio was then calculated for each type of
      cancer as well as for the entire series. There were no statistically significant
      increases in overall O/E ratios of extraintestinal cancers for either CD (0.76)
      or UC (1.32). On the other hand, several specific types of cancer did appear to
      occur with a frequency that was significantly greater than expected. These
      cancers were classified into two groups. The first group included
      reticuloendothelial neoplasms. There was an excess of leukemias in UC (P less
      than 0.005) and an excess of lymphomas in both UC and CD (P less than 0.005). The
      second group included three squamous cell cancers of the perianal region, an
      incidence 30 times greater than expected, and two squamous cell cancers of the
      vagina, also in excess of the expected number. Lymphoma, leukemia, and squamous
      cell cancers have been reported to occur in excess in immunosuppressed or
      irradiated patients. It may therefore be speculated that the apparently increased
      incidence of these neoplasms in the patients with ileitis and colitis might be
      related to immunologic deficiencies associated with IBD, to the long-term
      administration of steroids or other immunosuppressive medications that were given
      to most of the patients or, possibly, to increased exposure to ionizing
      radiation. The apparently increased incidence of perianal and vaginal cancers of
      the squamous variety might be a consequence of the combined effects of chronic
      inflammatory disease involving these areas and primary immune suppression.

PMID- 4052962
TI  - Benign and borderline clear cell adenofibromas of the ovary.
AB  - The criteria for the diagnosis of benign and borderline clear cell adenofibromas
      and their biologic behavior were investigated by examination of the clinical and
      pathologic features of 18 tumors in these categories. Three tumors that showed no
      significant epithelial atypicality were classified as benign. Twelve tumors that
      contained glands or small solid nests composed of epithelial cells with nuclear
      characteristics of low-grade malignancy without invasion of the stromal component
      of the tumor were designated as borderline. Three predominantly borderline tumors
      with focal microinvasion of the stromal component were also studied. The 17
      patients had nonspecific complaints. Sixteen of the tumors were unilateral
      without surface involvement; one patient had bilateral borderline tumors. Most of
      the women were treated by hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.
      Follow-up information was available for 16 of the 17 patients. No recurrences or
      deaths from tumor occurred in 14 patients (2 benign, 10 borderline, 2
      microinvasive). One patient with a borderline adenofibroma had questionable lung
      metastasis 4 years after presentation, and another patient who had a
      microinvasive tumor had a pelvic recurrence 3.3 years postoperatively.

PMID- 4052963
TI  - Efficacy of radical prostatectomy for stage A2 carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - Optimal management of men with diffuse incidental prostatic cancer (Stage A2) is
      an unresolved issue. Current forms of therapy include radical prostatectomy,
      external beam radiation therapy, and no treatment. Long-term results with
      curative therapy have been unreported because of the relatively recent substaging
      of Stage A into incidental and diffuse disease. The results of radical
      prostatectomy in 25 patients with Stage A2 prostatic cancer were reviewed.
      Incontinence was the most serious complication and occurred in four patients
      (16%). Pathologically, 24 patients (96%) had residual carcinoma present in the
      radical prostatectomy specimen. In 22 men (88%) the tumor was entirely confined
      to the prostate. Two patients (8%) demonstrated seminal vesicle invasion, and one
      (4%) had capsular penetration. In follow-up metastatic disease has developed in
      one patient, and another died without evidence of cancer. The remaining patients
      are alive without evidence of disease. Since 88% of men with Stage A2 disease
      have their tumor entirely confined to the prostate, radical prostatectomy offers
      an excellent chance of long-term cure, as in Stage B prostatic cancer.

PMID- 4052965
TI  - Radiotherapy for carcinomatous brachial plexopathy. A clinical study of 23 cases.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with the clinical or pathologic diagnosis of carcinomatous
      brachial plexopathy received external irradiation. Significant pain relief was
      achieved in 77.2% (17/22) of the patients for a median duration of 3 months. The
      observed objective response rate was 46.1%. The total administered dose (range,
      1000 rad/5 fractions-5800 rad/31 fractions) as well as the treatment field width
      size (range, 5-24 cm) varied. Analysis of these two technical radiotherapy
      factors indicated that the total amount of delivered dose rather than the therapy
      port-width size was the more important factor in the achievement of optimal
      symptomatic palliation. A literature review summarizes results of external
      irradiation for this painful disease syndrome, including superior sulcus Pancoast
      tumor.

PMID- 4052964
TI  - Subacute pulmonary failure complicating therapy with high-dose Ara-C in acute
      leukemia.
AB  - Seventy-four adult patients with acute leukemia in relapse were studied. They
      received high-dose intravenous boluses of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) according
      to the following schedules: 3 g/m2 over 2 hours, every 12 hours for 4 to 12
      consecutive doses, or a continuous infusion over 5 days at 200, 400, or 800
      mg/m2/day. The patients' ages ranged from 16 to 68 years (median, 35). Subacute
      pulmonary failure attributable to Ara-C was observed in 16 of 72 evaluable
      patients (22%) and appeared 2 to 21 days (median, 6) after the first dose. None
      of the 28 patients who received up to six doses experienced any toxicity. With
      repeated courses or more than six doses in the first course there was a sharp
      increase in the incidence of toxicity. Thus, subacute pulmonary failure developed
      in 6 of 24 patients who received 9 doses and 6 of 19 patients who received 12
      doses. The increase in toxicity with increasing number of doses is significant (P
      = 0.03). This suggests that the high-dose Ara-C regimen should be used with
      awareness of possible drug-induced pulmonary toxicity.

PMID- 4052966
TI  - The serologic response of patients with stage II melanoma to allogeneic melanoma
      cell vaccines.
AB  - Seventeen patients with Stage II malignant melanoma were treated with vaccines
      prepared from three allogeneic melanoma cell lines in an attempt to induce a
      humoral immune response against melanoma cell surface antigens. The patients were
      free of detectable melanoma at the time of vaccination. Vaccines were prepared
      from three melanoma cell lines that expressed highly restricted melanocyte
      differentiation antigens. One of these cell lines also expressed an antigen found
      only on this particular line. The antigens were initially identified by
      antibodies in autologous serum; they were thus known to be recognized by the
      human immune system. In addition, two of the cell lines expressed HLA-A, -B, -C,
      and -DR antigens; no HLA antigens were detectable on the third line. The vaccines
      were administered sequentially by subcutaneous injection, mixed with bacillus
      Calmette-Guerin (BCG) or Corynebacterium parvum. The patients' sera were tested
      for antibodies against cell surface antigens of the vaccine cells in protein A
      assays and immune adherence assays, and the specificity of observed reactions was
      defined by absorption tests. Antibodies against alloantigens of the vaccine cells
      developed in 16 patients and in 15 patients, against antigens related to fetal
      calf serum in the culture medium. The magnitude of the antibody response to
      alloantigens varied considerably, with no difference between patients who
      received BCG or C. parvum with their vaccines. Antibodies against the restricted
      melanocyte differentiation antigens or the unique melanoma antigen expressed by
      the vaccine cells were not detected.

PMID- 4052967
TI  - Sarcoid reaction of hilar and paratracheal lymph nodes in patients treated for
      testicular cancer.
AB  - Bilateral hilar lymph node enlargement developed in four patients 1 to 8 years
      after successful radiotherapy for testicular cancer Stage I was performed. Two
      had additional paratracheal involvement. Biopsy showed sarcoid reaction in all
      four cases. An increased frequency of sarcoid reaction is assumed in patients
      treated for testicular cancer. The pathogenesis remains unknown. The clinical and
      radiologic findings should not be misinterpreted as showing recurrent malignant
      disease. In an otherwise disease-free patient in whom mediastinal lymph node
      enlargement develops, a biopsy should always be performed.

PMID- 4052968
TI  - Esophageal carcinoma metastatic to the stomach. A clinicopathologic study of 35
      cases.
AB  - Esophageal carcinoma metastatic to the stomach was analyzed in 35 patients. Ten
      were discovered in surgical specimens and 25 at autopsy. All patients were men
      with a mean age of 62 years. Primary lesions were most frequently located in the
      middle of thoracic esophagus and were larger than 7 cm. Undifferentiated
      carcinoma was found in 29% of the patients. Local spread of the primary lesions
      to neighboring structures was seen in 34%. Lymphatic invasion, and intramural
      metastases within the esophagus, as well as lymph node metastases, were
      predominant. Metastatic lesions within the stomach were mostly located in the
      gastric cardia, were less than 2 cm or more than 4 cm in size, and resembled
      submucosal tumors. Gastric metastases occasionally spread from the submucosa to
      neighboring structures. In spite of aggressive treatment, the prognosis was
      extremely poor because of multiple spread of carcinoma to local regions, lymph
      nodes, and distant organs. The clinicopathologic characteristics of this disease
      and possible treatment are discussed.

PMID- 4052969
TI  - Smooth muscle tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. A study of 56 cases followed
      for a minimum of 10 years.
AB  - Cases of gastrointestinal smooth muscle tumor seen at M. D. Anderson Hospital and
      followed for a minimum of 10 years are presented. The tumors were classified as
      high-grade leiomyosarcoma (41 cases), low-grade leiomyosarcoma (13 cases), and
      leiomyoma (2 cases). All of the leiomyosarcomas originated in the stomach (21
      cases), small intestine (29 cases), or rectum (4 cases) and appeared to have
      arisen from the muscularis propria. Leiomyosarcomas were considered high-grade
      when the maximal mitotic rate in ten consecutive high-power fields was ten or
      more and low-grade when this rate was lower (actual maximal rates in the low
      grade group varied from 1-5/10 high-power fields). All patients with high-grade
      leiomyosarcoma died of tumor after intervals ranging from 5 to 90 months (median,
      25 months). All but two with low-grade leiomyosarcoma also died of tumor, but
      frequently after much longer intervals (range, 42-221 months; median, 98 months;
      survival difference P = 0.002). Intervals to recurrence and metastasis were
      correspondingly longer in the low-grade group (up to 188 months). The two
      leiomyomas were small (less than 2 cm), had no mitotic figures, and were less
      cellular than any of the leiomyosarcomas. However, they both occurred in
      locations in which no leiomyosarcomas were seen (muscularis propria of the
      esophagus and muscularis mucosae of the rectum); therefore, the problem of
      distinguishing leiomyomas from leiomyosarcomas in sites where the latter did
      arise could not be resolved, particularly in view of the fact that fatal low
      grade leiomyosarcomas had diameters as small as 1 cm and maximal mitotic rates as
      low as one per ten high-power fields. "Leiomyoblastoma" was not found to be an
      entity; it is recommended that this term be dropped.

PMID- 4052970
TI  - The validity of Pap smear parameters as predictors of endometrial pathology in
      menopausal women.
AB  - Cytopathologists recognize that certain Pap smear findings are suspicious for
      endometrial pathology in menopausal women. To study their prognostic importance
      in the directed cervical smear, six parameters were used to evaluate smears for
      evidence of an endometrial lesion: the presence of (1) histiocytes, (2)
      multinucleated histiocytes, (3) nonspecific inflammation, (4) bleeding, (5)
      elevated squamous cell maturation index, and (6) the degree of cytologic
      atypicality of endometrial glandular cells, expressed as a "score" from 0 to 6.
      Clinical pathologic correlation of 102 women with these parameters was
      undertaken. A multivariable statistical analysis determined which of these six
      parameters was most predictive of an endometrial lesion. Cytologically "scored"
      endometrial glandular cells was the only parameter predictive of endometrial
      pathology. Its emergence as the sole prognostic cervical Pap smear parameter for
      endometrial pathology has not been previously reported. This predictive value was
      consistent even with control for bleeding history and age. Appropriate
      interpretation of abnormal Pap smear findings contributes substantial diagnostic
      information in the evaluation of the endometrium.

PMID- 4052971
TI  - Histopathologic and immunohistochemical study of malignant tumors of peripheral
      nerve sheath (malignant schwannoma).
AB  - Histologic and immunochemical analyses were performed on 38 cases and 33 cases of
      malignant tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath, respectively. The histologic
      features consisted of either closely packed or loosely arranged interlacing
      fascicles of slender spindle cells that showed a wavy pattern. Although no
      characteristic findings indicative of neurogenic differentiation could be
      confirmed with anti-S-100-protein, a fair number of positive cells were seen in
      the area where the tumor cells were loosely arranged and displayed a wavy
      pattern. When anti-neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and anti-neurofilament antibody
      (68K, 200K) were applied, they were found to be positive in cells differentiating
      to ganglion cells and in epithelial cells. Since S-100-protein-positive cells
      indicate a differentiation to Schwann cells and NSE-positive cells and
      neurofilament-positive cells to nerve cells, it was concluded that
      immunohistochemistry can serve as an effective supplementary method for the
      diagnosis of malignant tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath.

PMID- 4052972
TI  - Regression in malignant melanoma. A histologic feature without independent
      prognostic significance.
AB  - A total of 844 cutaneous malignant melanomas were examined prospectively for the
      presence or absence of histologic regression within the primary tumor. Cases were
      then stratified into three groups according to tumor thickness and survival was
      compared between substrata with and without regression in each group. The
      distribution of other major prognostic variables within these substrata was
      assessed and their influence as potential confounding variables considered. No
      statistically significant effect of regression on survival was found in any of
      the three thickness strata. These results do not confirm the finding of an
      earlier study, which suggested that regression may be a poor prognostic sign when
      found in association with thin malignant melanomas. Regression was almost
      invariably associated with the radial growth phase of melanomas. Regression was
      more common in male than in female patients, and was more frequent in association
      with truncal than extremity or head and neck melanomas.

PMID- 4052973
TI  - Thyroid cancer. Survival in 148 cases followed for 10 years or more.
AB  - One hundred forty-eight patients with differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid
      treated between May 1954 and April 1973 are presented. There were 89 papillary
      and 59 follicular carcinomas. They were classified according to Woolner criteria.
      Treatment consisted of surgery I-131 and thyroid hormone. Recurrences occurred in
      8.7% of the patients, and lethality at the end of the observation period was
      3.3%. The impact of histologic type, extent of the primary, and age of the
      patient at the time of treatment on prognosis were studied. The data were
      submitted to statistical analysis. This study revealed that these factors are
      determinant on prognosis. Best survival rates were observed in patients 40 years
      of age or younger at the time of treatment, in patients with intrathyroid
      papillary carcinomas, and in patients with noninvasive follicular carcinomas.

PMID- 4052974
TI  - Clinical features and natural history of intramedullary spinal cord metastasis.
AB  - Five cases of intramedullary spinal cord metastasis are presented and an
      additional 50 cases from the English language literature since 1960 are reviewed.
      Lung cancer and breast cancer were the most frequently occurring primary
      neoplasms, but a wide variety of solid tumors may cause intramedullary spinal
      cord metastasis. The presenting symptoms were pain and/or weakness. The
      neurologic status deteriorated rapidly in the majority of patients in a period to
      days to weeks. Progression to a cord hemisection syndrome or cord transection
      occurred in approximately half of the patients. The characteristic myelographic
      appearance of fusiform swelling of the cord was seen in one third of the
      patients, but the myelogram was normal in 42%. Plain radiographs of the spine
      showed no evidence of metastatic disease in three fourths of cases. The
      cerebrospinal fluid protein level was frequently elevated, but results of
      cytologic studies were usually negative. High-resolution computer-assisted
      tomographic scanning may show intramedullary metastases. Radiation therapy
      combined with corticosteroid administration offers the only effective palliation.
      The recognition of intramedullary spinal cord metastasis is an ominous finding.
      Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis generally occurred in the setting of
      widespread systemic and intracranial disease, but occasionally was the only site
      of relapse. More than 80% of patients died within 3 months. Heightened awareness
      of this entity may lead to early diagnosis at a stage when neurologic deficits
      are reversible and, it is hoped, more effective palliation can be achieved.

PMID- 4052975
TI  - Successful treatment of subacute cerebellar degeneration in ovarian carcinoma
      with plasmapheresis. A case report.
AB  - Subacute cerebellar degeneration is a rare complication of some neoplasms, and is
      generally resistant to therapy. A case of subacute cerebellar degeneration in a
      50-year-old woman with a Stage II grade 3 serous ovarian adenocarcinoma is
      reported. The onset of the neurologic symptoms preceded the diagnosis of cancer
      and progressively worsened during and after four cycles of chemotherapy. A quick,
      partial improvement of the neurologic syndrome was documented after three weekly
      treatments with plasmapheresis. The contribution of circulating factors in
      inducing subacute cerebellar degeneration can be postulated. A trial using this
      new type of treatment should be performed in patients who have this
      therapeutically refractory clinical condition.

PMID- 4052976
TI  - Solar keratoses. The association with erythemal ultraviolet radiation in
      Australia.
AB  - The prevalence rate of solar keratoses among 2000 residents of Melbourne,
      Australia, was compared to the rate among 2113 residents of Maryborough, a north
      central Victorian city. There was a significantly higher prevalence rate among
      the Australian-born population of Maryborough compared with Melbourne residents
      of the same age, sex, country of birth, and level of outdoor activity.
      Calculation of the erythemal ultraviolet radiation level revealed a 14.2%
      increase in the dose in Maryborough compared with that in Melbourne. These
      figures demonstrate a significant increase in the rate of solar keratoses, and
      thus the potential for the development of skin cancer, in all of the age groups
      studied. The difference was associated with a relatively small increase in
      ultraviolet radiation between two areas that are separated by a latitude distance
      of only 110 km.

PMID- 4052977
TI  - Double nondisjunction during karyotypic progression of chemically induced Syrian
      hamster cell lines.
AB  - The karyotypic evolution of three chemically induced cell lines of Syrian hamster
      embryo in culture are described. The only karyotypic alteration of one clone was
      a trisomy of chromosome #11, which presumably arose by nondisjunction after
      carcinogen treatment. A pure population of cells with the trisomy was observed
      repeatedly upon karyotyping of cells at the first three passages after cloning.
      However, at a late passage, apparently normal diploid cells appeared in the
      culture, which we propose resulted from a second nondisjunction of one chromosome
      #11, reverting the cells from trisomy 11 to disomy 11. The karyotypic evolution
      of two other cell lines also involved double nondisjunction, which resulted in
      duplication of a translocated chromosome and concurrent loss of the normal
      nonrearranged chromosome. Taken together with the reported findings of others,
      the results indicate that double nondisjunction is a mechanism in karyotypic
      progression during neoplastic development.

PMID- 4052978
TI  - A case of dysmyelopoietic syndrome with hypotetraploid karyotype.
AB  - We present a patient with dysmyelopoietic syndrome and with a complex,
      hypotetraploid karyotype with numerous structural aberrations.

PMID- 4052979
TI  - Translocation 1;7 in preleukemic states.
AB  - A translocation t(1;7) interpreted as t(1;7)(p11;p11) was first reported by
      Scheres et al. in eight patients with various hematologic disorders. The
      karyotype of the abnormal cells was trisomic for 1q and monosomic for 7q. Those
      investigators reported having found four other cases in the literature. We report
      herein studies of two patients with the same t(1;7).

PMID- 4052980
TI  - Combined trisomy 1q and monosomy 7q due to translocation 1;7 in myelodysplastic
      syndromes.
AB  - Two patients, possibly exposed to toxic agents, presented with a myelodysplastic
      syndrome (MDS) and a t(1;7) in bone marrow metaphases. This observation confirms
      the occurrence of this characteristic chromosome anomaly in MDS and its possible
      induction by environmental agents. It is hypothesized that this t(1;7) MDS may
      not be confined to a particular geographical area but that, in the past, it may
      have been overlooked in the absence of optimal banding, which is obviously
      necessary to identify the anomaly.

PMID- 4052981
TI  - Translocation (1;7)(p11;p11): a new myeloproliferative hematologic entity.
AB  - Four cases with myeloproliferative syndromes or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia
      associated with t(1;7)(p11;p11) are presented. In each case, as in all cases
      published in the literature, the karyotypes of the affected cells contained two
      normal chromosomes #1, but only one chromosome #7, with the result that the basic
      karyotype was 46, -7, +t(1;7). This chromosome change is not geographically
      restricted, and appears to characterize a group of patients with
      myeloproliferative disorders and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, including
      myeloproliferative syndromes, in whom exposure to previous chemotherapy, x-rays,
      or drugs is in the background history. The t(1;7) in secondary leukemia and
      myeloproliferative syndromes serves to duplicate the long arm of a chromosome #1
      and to rescue the short arm of a chromosome #7.

PMID- 4052982
TI  - Translocation 1;7 in hematologic disorders: a brief review of 22 cases.
AB  - A translocation t(1;7)(p11;p11), previously reported in patients with
      myelodysplasia or leukemia has been found in seven new cases. The present report
      briefly reviews the cytogenetic and clinical features of 22 patients with this
      translocation. The majority of these patients had a history of occupational or
      therapeutic exposure to toxic substances or radiation. Trisomy 8 or 21 were the
      most common additional abnormalities, especially in leukemic patients. The t(1;7)
      should be added to the group of specific cytogenetic abnormalities observed
      frequently in secondary myelodysplasia and leukemia.

PMID- 4052983
TI  - Deletions of chromosome 13 in malignant hematologic disorders.
AB  - Thirteen patients with a hematologic disorder and an interstitial deletion of
      part of a chromosome #13 were evaluated to determine if any specific clinical
      manifestations are associated with these cytogenetic anomalies. Our results
      suggest that these anomalies occur in approximately 1.7% of patients with a
      chromosomally abnormal clone and a hematologic disorder. They may occur as the
      sole chromosome anomaly (8 of our patients) or with other abnormalities (5 of our
      patients). The breakpoints are not always the same, but band 13q14 always seems
      to be lost. At the time of chromosome analysis, 5 patients had a history of
      myelofibrosis or agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, 2 had acute nonlymphocytic
      leukemia, 2 had a myelodysplastic syndrome, one had polycythemia vera, one had
      sideroblastic anemia, one had acute lymphocytic leukemia, and one had an
      undifferentiated myeloproliferative disorder.

PMID- 4052984
TI  - Deletion of chromosome band 13q14: a primary event in preleukemia and leukemia.
AB  - Chromosome abnormalities were analyzed in 200 consecutive patients with
      preleukemia and leukemia, and four patients were found with a deletion of 13q14
      for an incidence of 2%. Together with data on chromosome aberrations in cancer
      from the literature, our results indicate clearly that deletion of band 13q14 is
      a nonrandom chromosome anomaly in premalignant and malignant blood disorders.
      Deletion of 13q14 appears specifically to constitute a primary event in the
      initiation of preleukemia. An additional rearrangement involving another
      chromosome must occur for progression of the preleukemia to acute nonlymphocytic
      leukemia.

PMID- 4052985
TI  - Promotion of preneoplastic changes in liver by coal-derived organic mixtures
      applied to skin.
AB  - The promotion of preneoplastic hepatocyte foci was observed in rats neonatally
      initiated by a single intraperitoneal injection of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) or
      diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and exposed, from weaning, to repeated topical
      applications of coal-derived complex organic mixtures that are carcinogenic for
      mouse skin. Topical application of these mixtures in the absence of prior
      initiation did not cause significant induction of hepatocyte foci. These
      observations indicate the advantage of the neonatal rat hepatocarcinogenesis
      system for detecting promoting activity in carcinogenic mixtures and identify the
      existence of systemic tumorigenic risk from cutaneous contact with promoting
      agents.

PMID- 4052986
TI  - In vivo and in vitro binding of benzene to nucleic acids and proteins of various
      rat and mouse organs.
AB  - Benzene binds to macromolecules of various organs in the rat and mouse in vivo.
      Labelling of RNA and proteins is higher (1 order of magnitude) than DNA
      labelling, which is low in many organs (liver, spleen, bone marrow and kidney),
      and negligible in lung; no difference between labelling of rat and mouse organs
      was found. The covalent binding index (CBI) value was about 10, i.e. typical of
      genotoxic carcinogens classified as weak initiators. In vitro binding of benzene
      to nucleic acids and proteins is mediated by hepatic microsomes, but not by
      microsomes from kidney, spleen and lung, or by cytosol from whatever organ.
      Nucleic acid binding can be induced by pretreatment with phenobarbitone (PB) and
      suppressed in the presence of SKF 525-A, of cytosol and/or GSH or of heat
      inactivated microsomes. Labelling of exogenous DNA is low and is similar in the
      presence of rat or mouse microsomes in agreement with the low interaction with
      DNA measured in vivo.

PMID- 4052987
TI  - Comparison of the circadian variation in cell proliferation in normal and
      neoplastic colonic epithelial cells.
AB  - Circadian variations in cell proliferation in normal tissues have been recognised
      for many years but comparable phenomena in neoplastic tissues appear not to have
      been reported. Adenomas and carcinomas were induced in mouse colon by injection
      of dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and cell proliferation in these tumors was measured
      stathmokinetically. In normal intestine cell proliferation is fastest at night
      whereas in both adenomas and carcinomas it was found to be slower at night than
      in the middle of the day. Chemical sympathectomy was found to abolish the
      circadian variation in tumor cell proliferation.

PMID- 4052988
TI  - Binding of [3H]flunitrazepam and [3H]spiperone to melanoma cell membrane
      preparations.
AB  - Binding of [3H]flunitrazepam and [3H]spiperone to membrane preparations isolated
      by high speed centrifugation of hamster, rabbit and human melanoma cell
      homogenates was analyzed. All melanoma cell types expressed a high density of
      specific binding sites for [3H]flunitrazepam (3-4 pmol/mg protein) with a high
      affinity (Kd about 30 nM). This binding was independent of melanin content of
      cells and could be classified, based on competition experiments, as a Ro 5-4864
      like binding type. Specific [3H]spiperone binding to these cell lines clearly
      revealed at least two types of binding sites: a low affinity, high capacity type
      of binding site (Kd greater than 100 nM, Bmax about 50 pmol/mg protein) and a
      high affinity, low capacity binding site (Kd less than 1 nm, Bmax 30 fmol/mg
      protein). Binding of spiperone to the low affinity, high capacity site appeared
      displaceable by NM 113 and dependent on melanin content of the cells and probably
      represents binding to melanin. Analysis of drug binding to melanoma membrane cell
      preparations and correlation with drug effects should include the possible
      involvement of binding to melanin.

PMID- 4052989
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of N'-nitrosonornicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)
      1-butanone in laboratory animals.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1
      (3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in the Syrian golden hamster, the CD-1 mouse, and
      the baboon were compared to the pharmacokinetics in the Fischer rat. The
      formation and biological half-life of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1
      butanol (NNAL), the major metabolite of NNK, was also studied in these animal
      species. The biological half-life of NNN in these 4 animal species ranged from
      0.24 h to 3.06 h, that of NNK from 0.21 h to 0.43 h and NNAL from 0.48 h to 2.9
      h. The pharmacokinetic data obtained in the baboon suggest that treatment with
      NNN and NNK causes an enzyme induction which accelerates the rate of elimination
      of these compounds.

PMID- 4052990
TI  - The contribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fractions with different
      boiling ranges to the carcinogenic impact of emission condensate from coal fired
      residential furnaces as evaluated by topical application to the skin of mice.
AB  - Flue gas condensate from briquet-fired residential furnaces was separated into a
      polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC)-free and a PAC-containing part, followed by a
      subfractionation of the PAC-containing fraction into 3 parts: PAC consisting
      predominantly of (a) 2 and 3 rings, (b) 4 and 5 rings and (c) 6 and more rings.
      To evaluate the carcinogenic potency of the condensate and its fractions, local
      application onto skin of mice in 2 or 3 doses was used. Since it was known from
      an earlier investigation that both the PAC-free fraction and the fraction
      containing PAC with 2 and 3 rings were almost ineffective, only PAC-fractions
      containing more than 3 rings were tested. The probit and Weibull analysis of the
      results showed that the condensate and the fractions containing PAC with 4 and 5
      rings as well as 6 and more rings provoke local tumors after repeated application
      to the dorsal skin of mice. The tumor incidence exhibited a clear cut dose
      response relationship. Fractions (b) and (c) were almost equally active, each
      contributing by about 50% to the total carcinogenicity. The content of
      benzo[a]pyrene (0.72 mg/g condensate) contributed by 10-11% to the total
      carcinogenicity of the emission.

PMID- 4052991
TI  - Adriamycin uptake, intracellular binding and cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster
      ovary cells.
AB  - The interaction between adriamycin influx, efflux and cytotoxicity has been
      studied in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The rate of adriamycin uptake
      showed no evidence of saturation with increasing concentration suggesting that
      uptake occurred by passive diffusion. Plateau levels of adriamycin were reached
      within 20 min and more than 60% of this was firmly bound to the nucleus and did
      not efflux. Cytotoxicity studies did not correlate with uptake studies in that
      cell killing was an exponential function of drug exposure time well beyond the
      point at which intracellular concentrations had reached a maximum. This suggests
      that bound adriamycin is not primarily responsible for cytotoxicity.

PMID- 4052992
TI  - Tumor-initiating activity of the 9,10-dihydrodiol- and 9,10-dihydrodiol-7,8
      epoxide of 3-methylcholanthrene in SENCAR mice.
AB  - The skin tumor-initiating activities of several bay-region metabolites of 3
      methylcholanthrene (3-MCA) were determined in SENCAR mice. 3-MCA-anti-9,10-diol
      7,8-epoxide possessed weak tumor-initiating activity when tested at 100 and 200
      nmol/mouse doses (0.27 and 0.67 papillomas per mouse after 18 weeks of promotion
      with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)). 3-MCA-trans-9,10-diol at
      initiating doses of 50 and 100 nmol/mouse was as active as 3-MCA. 3-MCA-trans
      9,10-diol was also tested for mutagenic activity toward V79 cells in cell
      mediated assays and found to be approximately 2-times more potent than 3-MCA. The
      data suggest that 3-MCA-trans-9,10-diol is a proximate carcinogen for mouse skin.

PMID- 4052993
TI  - Metabolism of N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine and N-nitrosodiallylamine by isolated rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - Isolated rat hepatocytes were incubated with approximately equimolar amounts of N
      nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA) and N-nitrosodiallylamine (NDAA) in order to
      compare their metabolism. The principal metabolite of NDPA was N-nitroso-(2
      hydroxypropyl)propylamine, which was present as a glucuronide. N-Nitroso-(3
      hydroxypropyl)propylamine and N-nitrosopropyl-(carboxyethyl)amine were minor
      metabolites; no N-nitrosomethylpropyl-amine (NMPA) was detected. A single N
      nitroso metabolite of NDAA was found and identified as N-nitroso-(2,3
      dihydroxypropyl)allylamine. These data indicate that the allyl group of N
      nitrosodiallylamine is readily oxidized by hepatocytes in vitro. It appears
      unlikely that N-nitrosomethylpropylamine is an intermediate in N-nitrosodi-n
      propylamine metabolism.

PMID- 4052994
TI  - Antitumor activity of FCE 21336, a new prolactin lowering drug, on the MXT mouse
      mammary carcinoma.
AB  - The effect of a new prolactin-lowering drug, FCE 21336 [1-ethyl-3-(3'
      dimethylaminopropyl)-3-(6'allylergoline-8'-beta-car bonyl)-urea diphosphate] was
      evaluated on the hormone-dependent MXT mouse mammary carcinoma. The compound at
      doses of 0.02, 0.2 and 2 mg/kg s.c., 5 days a week for 6 weeks, was effective
      against early tumors (start of treatment: 1 day after tumor transplantation), and
      was more potent than bromocriptine. When FCE 21336 was tested on advanced tumors
      (start of treatment: 24 days after tumor transplantation), tumor weight after 3
      weeks of treatment with the doses of 0.2 and 2 mg/kg had increased 6 and 5 times,
      respectively, compared to an increase of 10 times for control groups.

PMID- 4052996
TI  - Synergistic interaction in Jensen tumor cells of two modes of exposure to inosine
      that potentiate the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil.
AB  - The cytotoxicity resulting from a 1-h exposure of Jensen tumor (JT) cells to 5
      fluorouracil (FUra), quantified in terms of growth delay, was potentiated 4.1
      fold if inosine was included in the culture medium for 30 min prior to and for 1
      h concurrently with drug uptake. In contrast, as reported previously, protection
      from FUra toxicity is induced if the cells are exposed successively to inosine
      for 1.5 h and to FUra for 1 h. Anabolic conversion of radiolabeled FUra to free
      and polymeric nucleotides was stimulated by the cytotoxicity-enhancing mode of
      inosine exposure but inhibited by the inosine exposure that protects against
      FUra. Continuous exposure of JT cells to inosine after a 1-h uptake of FUra was
      reported earlier to potentiate drug efficacy 5-fold. Treatment of cultures by
      both modes of inosine exposure that enhance FUra cytotoxicity resulted in a 15.8
      fold potentiation of the latter.

PMID- 4052995
TI  - Phorbol esters and retinoids induce actin polymerization in human leukocytes.
AB  - DNase I inhibition assay was used to determine the change in monomeric actin (G
      actin) in human peripheral blood leukocytes following their treatment with
      phorbol esters and retinoids. Treatment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN)
      with 10(-6) M phorbol myristate acetate resulted in a decrease in G-actin content
      to 3.8 +/- 0.49 (microgram G-actin/100 micrograms total protein; mean +/- S.E.M.)
      from a control value of 5.6 +/- 0.51 (P less than 0.05). The effect of retinoic
      acid on mononuclear leukocytes varied depending on the concentration of the drug
      used. At 10(-5) M there is a slight increase in the amount of G-actin and maximal
      decrease in G-actin was noted at 10(-6) M. The decrease in G-actin can be
      prevented by pretreatment of cells with cytochalasin E (CE) indicating that the
      decrease is due to actin polymerization. The total actin, determined after
      guanidine hydrochloride (G X HCl) treatment, remained unchanged in drug treated
      cells. Only phorbol esters which are capable of inducing tumor promotion induce
      actin polymerization, suggesting that actin polymerization might have a role in
      tumor promotion. Actin polymerization might serve as a useful framework for
      further studies on delineating the mechanism of action of phorbol esters and
      retinoids.

PMID- 4052998
TI  - Selective nuclear protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in subpopulations of
      human colonic carcinoma cells.
AB  - The nuclear protein and phosphoprotein profiles from 3 subpopulations of human
      colonic carcinoma cells which expressed different levels of neoplastic properties
      were characterized by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The silver stained nuclear
      protein profiles were found to be remarkably similar among the subpopulations.
      However, 2 types of nuclear proteins were found to be selectively modified by
      phosphorylation/dephosphorylation reactions. The dephosphorylation of type I and
      the phosphorylation of type II nuclear proteins were found to be associated with
      the HCT 116a subpopulation which expressed a high level of neoplastic properties.
      Conversely, the phosphorylation of type I and the dephosphorylation of type II
      nuclear proteins were found to be associated with the HCT 116b subpopulation,
      which expressed a low level of neoplastic properties. The HCT 116 subpopulation,
      which expressed an intermediate level of neoplastic properties, was found to
      possess an intermediate phosphoprotein profile relative to that of the other two
      subpopulations. Selective modification of cellular proteins by
      phosphorylation/dephosphorylation reactions may be involved in the generation of
      tumor cell diversity and heterogeneity.

PMID- 4052997
TI  - Quantification of tumour initiating effect of jute batching oil and its
      distillates over mouse skin.
AB  - In order to identify the tumour initiating constituent(s) of a mineral oil, jute
      batching oil (JBO), used in the processing of jute fibres, it was fractionally
      distilled in various boiling range fractions. The latter were then subjected to
      in vivo assessment of their aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) inducing potential
      in mouse epidermis. Fractions with almost similar AHH inducing potential were
      regrouped and studied for their tumour initiating potential over mouse skin
      following two-stage initiation-promotion protocol and using 12-O-tetradecanoyl
      phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as tumour promoter. It was noticed that: (1) JBO as
      initiator, provoked local development of benign skin tumours over mouse back; (2)
      fractions of JBO boiling below 335 degrees C and above 399 degrees C accounted
      for most of the tumour initiating potential of the oil; (3) the histological
      features of the tumours (i.e. benign papillomas and keratoacanthomas) initiated
      by these fractions were similar to those developed after being initiated with
      unfractionated or reconstituted JBO; (4) removal of these fractions from JBO may
      be attempted which could decontaminate the batch oil from most of its tumorigenic
      components and make it safer for industrial use.

PMID- 4052999
TI  - Sister chromatid exchange analysis in the colonic and small intestinal epithelium
      of the mouse.
AB  - This report describes a method which produces high quality chromosome
      preparations from the colon and the small intestine of the mouse. These
      preparations are suitable for sister chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis because
      the pretreatment used to dissociate the cells does not prevent sister chromatid
      differentiation and because very little tissue handling is required at the time
      of killing, thus allowing sampling from several animals within a short period of
      time. Since the procedure used to make chromosome preparations from the tissue
      samples is very simple, no cytogenetic experience is required to make excellent
      chromosome preparations using this method. To demonstrate the utility of this
      method, the induction of SCEs by cyclophosphamide was measured in small intestine
      and colon samples collected from the same animals. The results indicate that this
      method can be used to determine dose responses in both tissues.

PMID- 4053000
TI  - Can the coverage of screening for cancer of the cervix be improved using the
      Electoral Register? A pilot study.
AB  - We conducted a pilot study to assess the feasibility using the Electoral Register
      to carry out a cervical cancer screening programme on a Health District basis. A
      random sample of 500 names and addresses were drawn from a computerised list of
      the Electoral Register from three Electoral Wards in Oxford. A pilot study showed
      that the Electoral Register could be used successfully in this way and that the
      proportion of women aged 35-64 years who had a cervical smear examination as a
      result of the screening initiative was increased by a quarter, from 64% to 79%.
      The numbers of women involved at each step of the screening process were
      determined, and these may provide a useful guide to others considering
      implementing similar schemes.

PMID- 4053001
TI  - The metabolism of dibenz[a,j]acridine in the isolated perfused lung.
AB  - The metabolism of the carcinogenic N-heterocyclic aromatic, dibenz[a,j]-acridine
      (DB[a,j]A), was investigated in an isolated perfused rabbit lung preparation. The
      rate of metabolism of DB[a,j]A was less than the rate of metabolism of 7H
      dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (DB[c,g]C) in the untreated and corn oil-pretreated
      animals. A significantly increased rate of metabolism was observed for DB[a,j]A
      in benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)-pretreated animals. This resulted in marked increases in
      conjugation and distribution of conjugates and total metabolites in blood and
      lung. Two major metabolites characterized spectroscopically were assigned as the
      3,4-dihydrodiol and a phenol of DB[a,j]A. The results indicate that in the lung
      DB[a,j]A is metabolized in a manner similar to that of B[a]P.

PMID- 4053002
TI  - Activation of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine and N-nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl)-(2
      oxopropyl)amine to mutagens for V79 cells by isolated hamster and rat pancreatic
      acinar cells.
AB  - A pancreatic acinar cell-mediated mutagenicity assay was developed as an in vitro
      model system to study the metabolism of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) and
      N-nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amino (HPOP) into forms mutagenic for
      Chinese hamster V79 cells. Mutations at the hypoxanthine:guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferase locus and the Na/K ATPase locus were scored by
      resistance to 6-thioguanine and ouabain, respectively. The ability of both Syrian
      golden hamster and Fischer rat pancreatic acinar cells to convert BOP and HPOP to
      mutagens for V79 cells was investigated in order to examine the basis for species
      specificity. Acinar cells of both species were capable of activating BOP and HPOP
      to mutagens for V79 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In the 6-thioguanine
      resistance assay, rat acinar cells induced higher mutation frequencies than
      hamster acinar cells with both BOP and HPOP. In the ouabain resistance assay,
      both cell types induced equivalent levels of mutation with the respective
      nitrosamines. BOP was a considerably more potent mutagen than HPOP after
      activation by either cell type. This is consistent with the known in vivo
      specificity of BOP versus HPOP in the hamster pancreas and suggests that BOP may
      be activated to mutagenic metabolites by a pathway(s) independent from its
      enzymatic reduction to HPOP. The comparable abilities of rat and hamster acinar
      cells to convert BOP or HPOP to mutagenic forms imply that pancreatic metabolic
      activation alone cannot explain the difference in organotropism of BOP and HPOP
      in the two species.

PMID- 4053003
TI  - Long-term effect of 2-hydroxyethyl retinamide on urinary bladder carcinogenesis
      and tumor transplantation in Fischer 344 rats.
AB  - The effects of HER upon early and late stages of BBN-induced bladder cancer in
      rats were examined. Female Fischer 344 rats were administered HER in the diet
      either before and during or continuously after BBN administration and were
      monitored periodically for up to 2 years. The total dose of BBN was 600 mg
      administered over a 6-week period. In a separate experiment, the effects of HER
      administration to syngeneic recipients of a transplanted primary bladder cancer
      were examined. No effects on neoplastic development were observed as the result
      of HER treatment before and during carcinogen administration. However, at the 1
      year sacrifice, there was a significant increase in bladder tumor incidence in
      the animals receiving BBN followed by continuous retinoid treatment versus
      animals receiving BBN only. At the 2-year sacrifice, there was a significant
      increase in tumor progression in the continuous retinoid group versus the animals
      receiving BBN alone, based upon grading and staging of tumors, although tumor
      incidences were not significantly different. In the transplantation experiment,
      more recipients (9/20 versus 2/20) receiving continuous HER had large, anaplastic
      tumors following 9 months of observation than did control animals. This study
      supports the view that retinoids should not be considered as only inhibitors of
      carcinogenesis, but rather as modifiers which vary in their effects depending
      upon factors yet to be understood.

PMID- 4053004
TI  - Comparison of intravenous versus intracarotid therapy with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)
      1-nitrosourea in a rat brain tumor model.
AB  - Currently numerous clinical trials are in progress utilizing intracarotid (i.c.)
      1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) for the treatment of malignant
      gliomas based upon the proposed focal nature of these tumors and the assumption
      that the i.c. route delivers higher levels of drug to the tumor. To date,
      however, increased efficacy in an animal model has not been clearly demonstrated
      for the i.c. delivery of BCNU. We have evaluated the dose-response curve for the
      i.v. and i.c. administration of BCNU in a commonly utilized experimental brain
      tumor model, the 9L rat gliosarcoma. An initial toxicity trial utilizing the i.p.
      10% lethal dose (LD10) of BCNU by the i.v. and i.c. routes failed to demonstrate
      any significance in toxicity between the two routes. Tumor-bearing animals were
      then treated on Day 15-16 after tumor inoculations with 1, 10, 25, 50, 75, and
      100% of the LD10 dose by either the i.v. or the i.c. route. Both i.v. and i.c.
      BCNU gave maximum survival increases at 75-100% LD10 doses, and there was no
      therapeutic advantage seen from i.c. delivery. However, at 50% of the LD10 dose
      (6.65 mg/kg), triplicate experiments demonstrated that the i.c. but not the i.v.
      dose maintained maximum efficacy equivalent to 100% of the LD10 given either i.v.
      or i.c. When the dose was reduced to 25% of the LD10 dose (3.33 mg/kg), two of
      three experiments showed efficacy of the i.c. delivery of this lower drug dosage
      to be equivalent to 100% of the LD10 given i.v. or i.c. The i.v. dosage resulted
      in a significant reduction in survival in all three trials. At 10% of the LD10
      dose (1.30 mg/kg), neither the i.v. nor the i.c. administration retained
      equivalent efficacy to 100% of the LD10. However, in one of two trials, the i.c.
      groups had statistically better survival than controls, while in neither
      experiment was any advantage over controls seen in the i.v. treated groups. At 1%
      of the LD10 dose, neither the i.v. nor the i.c. route demonstrated any
      therapeutic efficacy. From our data, the advantage of the i.c. delivery of BCNU
      in the intracranial 9L rat gliosarcoma appears to be in the fact that
      significantly lower dosages than those given i.v. may be utilized to achieve
      equivalent survival with potentially less systemic toxicity.

PMID- 4053005
TI  - Accumulation of 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in alkaloid
      genotypes of burley tobacco during postharvest processing: comparisons with N'
      nitrosonornicotine and probable nitrosamine precursors.
AB  - Recent work showed that 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)
      was present in some cured tobacco and was more carcinogenic than N'
      nitrosonornicotine (NNN). In the present investigation, the concentration
      relationships of NNK, NNN, and their probable precursors, i.e., nitrite, nitrate,
      and alkaloids, were determined: (a) after the growth of Ky 14 burley tobacco
      under different shade conditions followed by air curing; and (b) during
      preparation of air-cured and homogenized-leaf-cured (HLC) burley tobaccos from
      conventionally grown tobaccos of different alkaloid genotypes. A capillary gas
      chromatography-nitrogen-phosphorus detector procedure was developed and utilized
      for quantitative determinations of NNK and NNN. NNK contents ranged from 0.2 to
      0.5 micrograms/g in air-cured Ky 14 tobacco lamina from leaves grown under 0 to
      65% shade (100, 65, and 35% of natural daylight). The highest NNK concentrations
      were from 45% shade-grown lamina from lower leaf positions on stalks.
      Concentrations of NNK did not correlate significantly with those of either
      nitrate or total alkaloids calculated over all shade treatments and stalk
      positions. During HLC tobacco processing, the following significant correlations
      of NNK with precursor content changes were found for each of four burley alkaloid
      genotypes calculated over the four successive stages of processing: NNN (r =
      1.0); and nitrate (r = -0.9). NNK also correlated negatively with nicotine
      concentration changes (r = -0.9) in the low-alkaloid and high-alkaloid isolines
      during processing. After a 20-h incubation period under aerobic conditions
      followed by a 1-h standing period without aeration, substantial increases of NNK
      were observed in each burley line. The increased NNK contents ranged from 9-fold
      for the low-alkaloid isoline to 99-fold for the nornicotine-converter line.
      Increases in NNK content (27 to 69%) also occurred during the air drying stage;
      further increases occurred during a 15-month storage period at ambient
      conditions. After the HLC process and prolonged storage, maximal NNK contents
      were observed in each tobacco genotype in the following order of increasing NNK
      content: Ky 14 cultivar, 79 micrograms/g; low-alkaloid line, 80 micrograms/g;
      nornicotine converter line, 102 micrograms/g; and high-alkaloid line, 177
      micrograms/g. At the beginning of a controlled environmental storage period used
      for high-alkaloid and low-alkaloid isoline air-cured and HLC tobaccos, NNK
      contents correlated with nitrite (r = 1.0) and nitrate (r = -0.9) calculated over
      the two curing regimens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4053006
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to the L1210 murine leukemia cell line and to a drug
      altered subline.
AB  - A panel of murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) was produced by fusing NS-0
      myeloma cells with spleen cells of a BALB/c X DBA/2 F1 mouse hyperimmunized
      against a highly immunogenic subline of the L1210 leukemia obtained by in vivo
      treatment of the L1210 parental line with the antitumor drug 5-(3,3'-dimethyl-1
      triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC). Among the 52 MAbs produced 16 (anti-D)
      were specifically cytotoxic in a complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay for the
      drug-altered subline and the others (anti-L) also cross-reacted with the L1210
      parental leukemia. Six anti-D and three anti-L MAbs were selected for detailed
      studies of tissue specificity. In quantitative absorption experiments the
      antigens defined by these antibodies could not be detected on cells from normal
      mouse tissues (lung, liver, kidney, heart, spleen, and thymus). The reactivities
      of both anti-D and anti-L MAbs against a panel of L1210/DTIC sublines obtained at
      different times were assayed. The results showed that the antigenic specificities
      defined by anti-L MAbs were expressed on almost every L1210/DTIC subline while
      the anti-D MAbs detected antigenic structures specific for the L1210/DTIC used
      for the immunization. None of the MAbs tested cross-reacted with the L5178Y
      lymphoma or with its DTIC-altered sublines. The failure of anti-D MAbs to cross
      react with cells from other L1210/DTIC sublines supports the hypothesis that the
      immunological alterations induced by the DTIC treatment are the consequence of
      mutagenic activity of the drug. On the other hand the presence of anti-L antigens
      on the cells of every L1210 subline indicates that the DTIC alteration is not
      accompanied by a loss of the tumor-associated antigen from the L1210 leukemia.

PMID- 4053007
TI  - Uptake of hematoporphyrin derivative by normal and malignant cells: effect of
      serum, pH, temperature, and cell size.
AB  - Normal and malignant cells were incubated with hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD)
      and their uptake and retention of HPD were analyzed by flow cytometry. In
      standard growth medium the amount of HPD taken up by cells was proportional to
      the added HPD concentration and reached a plateau level after 5-6 h of
      incubation. The uptake occurred in two steps; within seconds a large amount of
      HPD became loosely bound to the cells, presumably the outer membrane. This was
      followed by a slower uptake of HPD into the cytoplasm. The loosely bound portion
      could be washed from the cells by medium containing either fetal calf serum or
      serum albumin. At low temperatures the uptake into the cytoplasm was strongly
      reduced. A major determinant of HPD uptake was the concentration of serum in the
      medium. At any particular concentration of HPD below 200 mg/liter, increasing
      concentrations of fetal calf serum or bovine serum albumin resulted in a
      reduction in the amount of HPD taken up by cells. A further factor affecting
      uptake was the pH of the medium. At low pH (pH 6) the rate of HPD incorporation
      was much higher than at pH 7.4. Under identical conditions of incubation, HPD
      uptake was proportional to cell size as estimated using the low angle light
      scatter signal in the flow cytometer. Our data suggest that acidic pH,
      differences in extracellular serum concentrations of malignant tumor tissue, as
      well as the increased size of tumor cells may play an important role in the
      selective uptake of HPD by malignant tumors.

PMID- 4053008
TI  - Decrease of metastatogenic potential by pregraft treatment of Lewis lung
      carcinoma cells with proteinase and protein kinase affinity labels.
AB  - Three synthetic irreversible enzyme inhibitors (75 microM di-iso
      propylphosphorofluoridate (DFP), 310 microM N alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine (TLCK) and
      240 microM L-1-tosylamide-2-phenylethyl (TPCK) chloromethyl ketone), as well as
      the transition state analogue chymostatin, inhibit the development of Lewis lung
      adenocarcinoma (3LL) in C57 BI/6 mice, when 3LL cells are treated once and for a
      limited period (60 min) prior to grafting. These compounds demonstrate divergent
      protease specificity and, in the case of TLCK and TPCK, convergent reactivity
      toward the highly conserved protein kinase catalytic subunit. Using 200 microM
      chymostatin and low doses (25-40 microM) of the irreversible enzyme inhibitors,
      the antimetastatogenic effect is revealed to be specific, as primary tumor
      development is not affected. Although no direct experimental evidence can be
      forwarded, our results fit with the concept that the motile metastatogenic 3LL
      cells may constitute a phenotype which, in contrast to the resident cells from
      the primaries, responds to these enzyme inhibitors in a highly sensitive manner.

PMID- 4053009
TI  - Tissue-specific enhancement of uridine utilization and 5-fluorouracil therapy in
      mice by benzylacyclouridine.
AB  - Benzylacyclouridine (BAU), a potent inhibitor of uridine phosphorylase, delays
      the disappearance of uridine from plasma, affects the utilization of uridine by
      selected tissues, and enhances the therapeutic effects of 5-fluorouracil (FUra)
      in female C57BL/6 mice. A single 30-mg/kg i.v. injection of BAU lengthens the
      plasma half-life of both a tracer dose of [3H]uridine (3 micrograms/kg) and a
      pharmacological dose of uridine (250 mg/kg) by 250 and 83%, respectively. This
      dose of BAU also increases the normal plasma concentration of uridine about 4
      fold to 9 microM and sustains these levels for 4 h. Four injections of BAU at 30
      mg/kg over 6 h or a single injection at 240 mg/kg increases the plasma
      concentration of uridine over 10-fold to approximately 50 microM. In addition to
      affecting the pharmacokinetics of uridine, a 30-mg/kg dose of BAU selectively
      increases up to 4-fold the ability of normal host tissues to salvage a tracer
      dose of [3H]uridine for nucleic acid biosynthesis, the uracil nucleotide pool
      size, and the incorporation of uridine into nucleic acids. However, uridine
      salvage from plasma by colon tumor 38 is increased only slightly by BAU, while
      the uracil nucleotide pool size and uridine incorporation into tumor nucleic
      acids are actually decreased by 15 and 37%. The selective effect of BAU on
      uridine utilization is reflected in the ability of BAU to modify FUra-induced
      host toxicity. The dose of FUra required to kill 50% of the treated normal mice
      (350 mg/kg) is modestly increased by "rescue" regimens consisting of the
      subsequent administration of repeated injections of either BAU alone (30
      mg/kg/injection) or uridine alone (250 mg/kg/injection). However, an increase of
      54% is achieved when repeated injections of the combination of BAU and uridine
      are administered. In C57BL/6 mice bearing advanced transplants of colon tumor 38,
      the period of tumor growth inhibition resulting from multiple courses of FUra
      containing drug regimens can be increased by the delayed administration of BAU
      alone or BAU combined with uridine.

PMID- 4053010
TI  - Chemical characterization of the degradation products of vinblastine dihydrogen
      sulfate.
AB  - Vinblastine was incubated in 0.2 M glycine buffer (pH 7.4 or 8.8) containing
      bovine serum albumin (1%) at 37 degrees C for 72 h. The reaction mixture was
      extracted with CH2Cl2, and the extract gave 6 major peaks (A, B, C, D, E, and F)
      with retention times of 5.0, 7.5, 11.0, 13.0, 23.0, and 30.0 min, respectively,
      in a high-performance liquid chromatography system (muBondapak C18 column;
      solvent, 50% MeOH in 10 mM KH2PO4, pH 4.5; flow rate, 1.2 ml/min; detector, 254
      nm). Vinblastine in this system corresponded with peak C, and its spectral data
      were identical to those of the parent compound. The UV, infrared, and mass
      spectral properties of these peaks were as follows [UV (lambda max); infrared (cm
      1); mass spectrum (m/z)]: peak A: 214, 266, and 315 nm; 3464, 2850, and 1730; and
      769 (MH+); peak B: 213, 258, 285, and 295 nm; 3457, 2951, 2580, and 1734; and 809
      (MH+); peak C: 214, 266, 292, and 312 nm; 3457, 2951, and 1734; and 811 (MH+);
      peak D: 212, 266, 285, and 312 nm; 3467, 2915, and 1734; and 811 (MH+); peak E:
      212, 260, 285, 294, and 313 nm; 3479, 2850, and 1734; and 825 (MH+); and peak F:
      212, 265, 283, and 312 nm; 3407, 2857, and 1734; and 807 (MH+). These data
      suggest the following tentative structures for the degradation products: peak A,
      4-deacetylvinblastine; peak B, 19'-hydroxy-3',4'-dehydrovinblastine; peak D, an
      isomer of vinblastine; peak E, 19'-oxovinblastine; and peak F, 3',4'-dehydro-19'
      oxovinblastine. The structure of peak A as 4-deacetylvinblastine was further
      confirmed by chemical synthesis.

PMID- 4053011
TI  - Structural studies on the degradation products of vincristine dihydrogen sulfate.
AB  - Vincristine was incubated at 37 degrees C for 72 h in 0.2 M glycine buffer (pH
      7.4 or 8.8) containing 1% bovine serum albumin. The reaction mixture was
      extracted with CH2Cl2. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis
      (muBondapak C18 reverse-phase 10-micron steel column; solvent, 50% MeOH in 10 mM
      KH2PO4, pH 4.5; flow rate, 1.2 ml/min) of the CH2Cl2 extract gave 6 peaks, A, B,
      C, D, E, and F, with retention times of 4.8, 6.5, 10.0, 12.5, 17.5, and 23.5 min,
      respectively. Peak C corresponded with vincristine. Spectroscopic data for these
      peak fractions were as follows [UV (lambda max); infrared (cm-1); mass spectrum
      (m/z)]: peak A: 220, 256, and 295 nm; 3457, 2922, 1730, and 1669; and 783 (MH+);
      peak B: 218, 255, and 296 nm; 3435, 2922, 1731, and 1673; and 783 (MH+); peak C:
      220, 255, and 296 nm; 3457, 2922, 1738, and 1680; and 825 (MH+); peak D: 218,
      252, and 296 nm; 3385, 2922, 1734, and 1677; and 825 (MH+); peak E: 208, 218,
      252, and 298 nm; 3371, 2922, 1727, and 1665; and 768 (MH2+); and peak F: 209,
      222, 255, and 296 nm; 3392, 2922, 1734, and 1673; and 823 (MH+). These data
      suggest the following tentative structures for the degradation products: peak A,
      4-deacetylvincristine; peak B, an isomer of 4-deacetylvincristine; peak D, an
      isomer of vincristine; peak E, 4-deacetyl-3-deoxyvincristine; and peak F, N
      formylleurosine. The structure of peak A as 4-deacetylvincristine was confirmed
      by chemical synthesis.

PMID- 4053012
TI  - Manipulation of experimental rat and rabbit liver tumor blood flow with
      angiotensin II.
AB  - The effects of angiotensin II on the distribution of blood flow to experimental
      hepatic tumors in ten rats and rabbits were examined using blood flow tracer
      microspheres. The ratio of arterially introduced microspheres lodging in tumor
      tissue compared to the surrounding normal hepatic parenchyma was measured before
      and after i.v. infusion of angiotensin II-inducing incremental systemic
      responses. A significant elevation (P less than 0.05) in this ratio was described
      for both rats (3.0-fold) and rabbits (3.2-fold) following the drug infusion.
      Ratio elevation occurred in 37 of 40 tumors examined despite the lack of a clear
      dose-response relationship. In addition, angiotensin II was found to
      significantly (P less than 0.05) increase the number of microspheres gaining
      arterial access to the central portions of the tumors. In terms of internal
      radiation therapy, these results would indicate a substantially enhanced
      radiation dose reaching tumor tissue after angiotensin II infusion, while
      relatively sparing the surrounding normal tissue.

PMID- 4053013
TI  - Induction of DNA-DNA cross-link formation in human cells by various psoralen
      derivatives.
AB  - Furocoumarin-induced DNA damage, monoadducts, and cross-links were measured in
      normal human, xeroderma pigmentosum, and Fanconi's anemia cells after exposure to
      near-UV (356 nm). At similar concentrations and near-UV doses, photoaddition by 8
      methoxypsoralen was twice that by angelicin and the substitution of
      bromodeoxyuridine for thymidine in one strand of DNA did not alter the binding.
      The rate of cross-linking by 8-methoxypsoralen was twice that of 5
      methoxypsoralen. Low frequencies of cross-links were detected from angelicin and
      3-carbethoxypsoralen but none were detected from 5-geranoxypsoralen at
      concentrations up to 25 micrograms/ml and near-UV doses up to 45,000 J/m2.

PMID- 4053014
TI  - Repair of psoralen-induced cross-links and monoadducts in normal and repair
      deficient human fibroblasts.
AB  - SV40-transformed normal, xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) and Fanconi's anemia (FA)
      fibroblasts have distinct repair capacities for monoadducts and DNA interstrand
      cross-links produced by exposure to near-UV (320-400 nm) light in the presence of
      8-methoxypsoralen or angelicin. Excision repair of monoadducts occurred rapidly
      in normal and FA cells after exposure but not in XP cells. Cross-links were
      repaired in normal cells with a t1/2 of about 10 h but not in XP or FA cells.
      When the total number of adducts induced by 8-methoxypsoralen in normal cells was
      kept constant, the amount of repair replication decreased as the ratio of cross
      links to monoadducts increased. This suggests either that cross-link repair is
      significantly different from monoadduct repair, involving smaller patches and a
      much slower rate of patching or that cross-links can inhibit monoadduct repair.
      Our results show that XP group A and FAH12 cell lines are deficient in cross-link
      repair. The data also suggest that the mechanism of cross-link repair in human
      cells involves several enzymes and that different ones may be deficient in XP and
      FA cells.

PMID- 4053015
TI  - Photoaffinity labeling of the progesterone receptor from human endometrial
      carcinoma.
AB  - A nude mouse model for the growth of human endometrial carcinoma and hormonal
      modulation of the progesterone receptor (PR) was established previously. This
      study describes the effect of 17 beta-estradiol and tamoxifen (TAM) on growth
      rate and PR concentration in a hormonally responsive human endometrial tumor
      (EnCa 101) grown in this experimental system and presents the first
      characterization of human endometrial carcinoma PR. EnCa 101 was transplanted
      subcutaneously into ovariectomized, BALB/c, nu/nu athymic mice and grown under 17
      beta-estradiol-stimulated, TAM-stimulated, and control conditions. Both 17 beta
      estradiol and TAM increased the growth rate of EnCa 101 in nude mice, and a
      parallel increase in the cytosol PR concentration was observed, from 130 +/- 55
      (SD) fmol/mg protein to 1,311 +/- 598 fmol/mg protein and 710 +/- 310 fmol/mg
      protein, respectively. PR was partially purified by phosphocellulose and DEAE
      cellulose chromatography, and the DEAE eluate was analyzed by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and photoaffinity labeling with [17
      alpha-methyl-3H]promegestone ([3H]R5020). Two PR-negative tumors (EnCa K and EnCa
      V) were also examined in parallel. Coomassie blue staining of gels revealed that
      the protein patterns of all of the partially purified preparations from EnCa 101,
      EnCa K, and EnCa V were essentially identical. In contrast, photolabeling and
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of EnCa 101 grown in
      the presence of 17 beta-estradiol or TAM revealed incorporation of [3H]R5020 into
      proteins of molecular weight approximately 116,000 and 85,000. Labeled proteins
      of molecular weight 66,000, 45,000, and 35,000 were also observed. In each case,
      the labeling was competable with excess non-radioactive R5020. No incorporation
      of [3H]R5020 was observed in EnCa 101 grown in the absence of estrogen, nor was
      any observed in EnCa K or EnCa V.

PMID- 4053016
TI  - Identification of mutagenic metabolites of indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene formed in vitro
      with rat liver enzymes.
AB  - Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IP) is a major environmental pollutant which is
      carcinogenic on mouse skin and in rat lung. Unlike benzo(a)pyrene, IP is a
      nonalternant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon which is devoid of a bay region. IP
      was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 in the presence of a 9000 X g
      supernatant from the livers of Aroclor-pretreated rats. Using a similar
      activation system, the major metabolites of IP were isolated and identified by
      comparison with synthetic reference standards. trans-1,2-Dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy
      IP, 8-, 9-, and 10-hydroxy-IP, 8- and 9-hydroxy-trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy
      IP, and IP-1,2-quinone are among the metabolites formed in vitro. The 1,2-epoxide
      of indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene is a potent direct-acting mutagen. 8- and 9-hydroxy-IP
      were mutagenic with metabolic activation. 1-,2-, and 6-hydroxy-IP and the trans
      1,2-dihydrodiol had no significant mutagenic activity in S. typhimurium TA100
      with metabolic activation. These data suggest that the K-region oxides of IP and
      of 8- and 9-hydroxy-IP are ultimately responsible for its mutagenic activity.

PMID- 4053017
TI  - Development of a miniaturized, improved nucleic acid precursor incorporation
      assay for chemosensitivity testing of human solid tumors.
AB  - Two technological problems limit the usefulness of chemosensitivity assays: low
      success rates (generally 30-60%); and the requirement for large numbers of tumor
      cells (5 X 10(5)/dish). To solve these problems, we developed a miniaturized,
      improved, nucleic acid precursor incorporation assay (MINI-assay). In this new
      assay, 0.3-1.5 X 10(5) tumor cells were plated in double-layer agarose in 16-mm
      wells of a Costar (No. 3524) 24-well cluster dish. After 72 h of incubation, 5
      microCi [3H]thymidine were added to each well. After an additional 24 h of
      incubation, the trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material was collected and
      counted by liquid scintillation. We found that 280 of 351 (80%) human solid
      tumors gave evaluable chemosensitivity results. Labeling efficiency was optimum
      when the plating density was between 1.5 and 3 X 10(4) cells/well. Radioisotope
      uptake was less efficient in 35-mm Petri dishes and in the 7-mm wells. The MINI
      assay was particularly suitable for small specimens (less than 1 g) and for tumor
      types that usually yield small numbers of viable tumor cells (19 of 30 breast
      cancers and 56 of 71 sarcomas were evaluable). The artifacts of colony counting
      (cell clumps, debris, clots) were also eliminated with this assay. With high
      evaluability rates, the requirement of fewer cells, a short duration (5 days),
      and ease of quantitation, the MINI-assay is widely applicable to chemosensitivity
      testing in human tumors.

PMID- 4053018
TI  - Mixed function oxidase activities of established human colon carcinoma cell lines
      in the activation of cyclophosphamide.
AB  - Three established human colon carcinoma cell lines (LoVo, SW620, and SW403) with
      different degrees of phenotype differentiation were investigated for their
      sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of cyclophosphamide (CP) and to its active
      metabolite, 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (4-OH-CP), and for their mixed function
      oxidase (MFO) activities. None of the cell lines showed sensitivity to CP as
      determined by the inhibition of colony formation assay, even after continuous
      drug treatment at high concentrations (200 microgram/ml) for up to 72 h. CP also
      had no effect on the cellular doubling time or on the incorporation of [3H]
      thymidine. Pretreatment with phenobarbital (PB) plus hydrocortisone (HC) was
      unable to induce CP cytotoxicity. In contrast, 4-OH-CP, the major metabolite
      formed from CP by MFO, was highly toxic to the cells. About 90% cell kill was
      obtained at drug concentrations of 17.5 microgram/ml (LoVo), 15 microgram/ml
      (SW620), and 55 microgram/ml (SW403) after 1-h incubation at 37 degrees. MFO
      activities were determined by measuring p-nitroanisole demethylase (PNAD) and
      arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) in microsomes prepared from noninduced cells or
      from cells treated with benzanthracene or PB plus HC. Intrinsic AHH activities
      were below the level of detection for all cell lines [less than 1 pmol of 3
      hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene (3-OH-BP) formed per min per mg of protein]. Treatment with
      benzanthracene resulted in AHH activities of 12 to 15 pmol of 3-OH-BP per min per
      mg of protein, but treatment with PB plus HC failed to induce significant AHH
      activities. PNAD activities in noninduced cells as well as in cells treated with
      benzanthracene were 0.05 to 0.08 nmol of p-nitrophenol formed per min per mg of
      protein; treatment with PB plus HC increased PNAD activities by only 1.5-fold.
      Thus, in contrast to reports for rat colon and for a single human colon cancer
      cell line, CP is inactive when applied directly to several other human colon
      carcinoma cell lines. Because these cells have minimally detectable intrinsic and
      induced MFO activities, we conclude that CP cannot be successfully metabolized
      into 4-OH-CP to induce a significant degree of cell kill.

PMID- 4053019
TI  - Comparison of heat and/or radiation sensitivity and membrane composition of seven
      X-ray-transformed C3H 10T1/2 cell lines and normal C3H 10T1/2 cells.
AB  - C3H 10T1/2 mouse embryo cells were transformed by X-irradiation, and seven
      transformed clones were isolated and propagated as cell lines. Some of these cell
      lines produced tumors in syngeneic mice and grew in agarose while the normal C3H
      10T1/2 cell line did not possess these characteristics. Exponentially growing
      cell cultures with comparable cell-cycle distributions as measured by flow
      cytometry were tested for heat and X-ray sensitivity. The heat and X-ray
      sensitivity varied randomly compared to the normal cell line. One cell line was
      more heat resistant and one more heat sensitive than the normal cell line, and
      the others had sensitivities comparable to the normal cell line. Measurements on
      some of the biochemical parameters of the particulate fraction of cells after
      sonication and 24,000 X g centrifugation showed that altered thermal sensitivity
      was not correlated with protein, cholesterol, or phospholipid content of this
      fraction.

PMID- 4053020
TI  - Inhibition of N-nitrosodimethylamine metabolism in rats by ether anesthesia.
AB  - Short-term exposure to diethyl ether strongly inhibits the metabolism of N
      nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). Twenty-six 6-week-old male Fischer 344 rats were
      exposed to ether vapor until their righting reflex was lost (approximately 2
      min). The animals were removed from the ether and NDMA was immediately
      administered by i.v. bolus injection at a dose of 300 microgram/kg via a cannula
      surgically inserted 20 h earlier. A second group of 28 rats received injections
      of NDMA in an identical manner but without ether exposure. In the unanesthetized
      animals blood levels of NDMA declined with a half-life of 11 min; by contrast
      essentially constant blood levels of NDMA were observed in ether-treated animals
      for 120 min after removal from the anesthetic. The apparent total systemic
      clearance for the 5-h experiment was reduced from 43 ml/min/kg without ether to 5
      ml/min/kg with ether. Diethyl ether has been found previously to inhibit the
      metabolism of other drugs requiring oxidative metabolism but the suppression of
      clearance documented here appears to be unusually pronounced. It is recommended
      that ether's potential for altering metabolic rates be carefully considered when
      planning or interpreting animal experiments.

PMID- 4053021
TI  - Correlation of sister chromatid exchange frequency with mutation induction and
      cell survival in Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed to N-oxidized arylamines.
AB  - In this study the relationships between sister chromatid exchange (SCE)
      frequency, mutation induction at the hypoxanthineguanine phosphoribosyl
      transferase locus, and cell survival were established in Chinese hamster ovary
      cells exposed to one of the three N-oxidized arylamines. The toxicants used were
      N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene, N-hydroxy-N'-acetylbenzidine, and 1-nitrosopyrene.
      Mutation induction as measured by resistance to 6-thioguanine related poorly to
      reduced cloning ability and SCE frequency. Although SCEs were formed at
      concentrations of toxicants which produced no measurable reduction in cell
      survival, a strong correlation was observed between these two biological
      responses. This relationship was strengthened when the results obtained in this
      study were combined with those from a previous study which examined the
      relationship between SCE induction and cell survival in Chinese hamster ovary
      cells exposed to simple alkylating agents. These results support the contention
      that a common step is involved in the induction of SCE and cellular toxicity in
      Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed to certain classes of chemical toxicants.

PMID- 4053022
TI  - Topical chemotherapy of intradermal Walker 256 carcinosarcoma with diaziquone and
      doxorubicin in the rat.
AB  - A model for metastatic skin cancer using intradermal injection of Walker 256
      carcinosarcoma has been developed in the rat. Using this model, antitumor
      activity of topically applied doxorubicin and diaziquone in Vanicream,
      Plastibase, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as vehicles was compared with
      intraperitoneal injection of the drugs at the same doses beginning 4 days after
      injection of tumor cells. Doxorubicin applied topically at 0.5 mg/day for 4 days
      in Vanicream or Plastibase exhibited no antitumor activity, while i.p.
      administered doxorubicin at 0.5 mg/day for 4 days inhibited tumor growth at day
      20 by 66%. Diaziquone applied topically at 0.1 mg/day for 4 days in Vanicream,
      Plastibase, or DMSO inhibited tumor growth at day 20 by 66, 86, and 43%,
      respectively, and cured animals of the skin tumor at a dose of 0.5 mg/day.
      Diaziquone administered i.p. at 0.5 mg/day for 4 days was lethal to rats, and at
      0.1 mg/day it produced 93% inhibition of tumor growth at day 20. Diaziquone
      applied topically at 0.1 mg/day for 4 days in Plastibase cured rats of advanced
      tumor when treatment was begun 12 days after injection of tumor cells. The area
      under the plasma radioactivity time curve over 5 h for a single 0.64-mg dose of
      topically applied [ring-14C]diaziquone in DMSO was 0.01% that of the same dose of
      [ring-14C]diaziquone administered i.p. in non-tumored rats. The decrease in WBC
      count following topical application of diaziquone at a dose of 0.1 mg/day for 4
      days, compared to the same dose of diaziquone administered i.p., was 62% in
      Vanicream, 81% in Plastibase and 33% in DMSO. Topical diaziquone was non-toxic to
      normal skin in the rat and in the domestic pig. It is concluded that topical
      application of diaziquone offers a therapeutic advantage over systemic treatment
      for metastatic cancer of the skin.

PMID- 4053023
TI  - Effects of selenium on cell proliferation in rat liver and mammalian cells as
      indicated by cytokinetic and biochemical analysis.
AB  - Studies were conducted in vivo with regenerating liver and in vitro with
      mammalian cells to determine the effects of selenium on cell proliferation and
      the stages of the cell cycle affected by selenium. Six ppm selenium as Na2SeO3
      fed to weanling male F344 rats for 6 wk significantly reduced the percentage of
      3H-labeled hepatocyte nuclei by one-half compared to 0.1 ppm selenium when
      [methyl-3H]thymidine was injected at 23 h post-two-thirds hepatectomy. Sampling
      was done at 30 h post-hepatectomy. A trend towards decreased 3H per DNA per
      labeled cell was also observed, suggesting that selenium decreased the rate of
      DNA synthesis as well as delaying the entry of cells into S phase (i.e.,
      increasing the duration of G0-G1). Studies in vitro with H-4 "minimal deviation"
      hepatomas and 3T3 mouse fibroblasts demonstrated that selenium decreased the
      growth of these cells in a dose-dependent manner, and this inhibition was
      reversible upon removal of selenium from the growth medium. Cytokinetic analysis
      using fluorescence flow cytometry and microscopic techniques indicated that
      selenium treatment increased the duration of G1, S, and G2 phases of the cell
      cycle, while having no effect on mitosis under the conditions of our experiments.
      Biochemical analyses of H-4 cells demonstrated that selenium treatment caused a
      significant dose-dependent increase in oxidized and reduced glutathione (GSSG and
      GSH) as well as in the GSSG:GSH ratio as was previously observed in liver in
      vivo. In addition, glutathione reductase activity as well as the oxidized
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate:reduced nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide phosphate ratio was significantly increased with selenium treatment.
      These results indicate that selenium affects all "synthetic" stages of the cell
      cycle, and elevated GSSG or the GSSG:GSH ratio may explain the antiproliferative
      effects of selenium on cells.

PMID- 4053024
TI  - Cell surface glycopeptides from human intestinal epithelial cell lines derived
      from normal colon and colon adenocarcinomas.
AB  - The cell surface glycopeptides from an epithelial cell line (CCL 239) derived
      from normal human colon were compared with those from three cell lines (HCT-8R,
      HCT-15, and CaCo-2) derived independently from human colonic adenocarcinomas.
      Cells were incubated with D-[2-3H]mannose or L-[5,6-3H]fucose for 24 h and
      treated with trypsin to release cell surface components which were then digested
      exhaustively with Pronase and fractionated on Bio-Gel P-6 before and after
      treatment with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. The most noticeable
      difference between the labeled glycopeptides from the tumor and CCL 239 cells was
      the presence in the former of an endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H-resistant
      high molecular weight glycopeptide fraction which was eluted in the void volume
      of Bio-Gel P-6. This fraction was obtained with both labeled mannose and fucose
      as precursors. However, acid hydrolysis of this fraction obtained after
      incubation with [2-3H]mannose revealed that as much as 60-90% of the
      radioactivity was recovered as fucose. Analysis of the total glycopeptides (cell
      surface and cell pellet) obtained after incubation with [2-3H]mannose showed that
      from 40-45% of the radioactivity in the tumor cells and less than 10% of the
      radioactivity in the CCL 239 cells was recovered as fucose. After incubation of
      the HCT-8R cells with D-[1,6-3H]glucosamine and L-[1-14C]fucose, strong acid
      hydrolysis of the labeled glycopeptide fraction excluded from Bio-Gel P-6
      produced 3H-labeled N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine. This high
      molecular weight glycopeptide fraction was susceptible to mild alkaline
      borohydride reduction, yielding a mixture of labeled oligosaccharides which
      contained N-acetylgalactosaminitol. Thus, the HCT-8R cells are expressing
      fucosylated mucin-type glycoproteins on their surface.

PMID- 4053025
TI  - Tumor cell generation of thrombin via functional prothrombinase assembly.
AB  - Prothrombinase affects the proteolytic conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and
      is the penultimate enzyme in the common coagulation pathway. Prothrombinase is a
      complex in which the proteinase, Factor Xa, a cofactor, Factor Va, and calcium
      are bound to a membrane surface to generate the active enzyme. Guinea pig line 1
      and line 10 tumor cells, grown as primary cultures from ascites tumors or as cell
      lines in culture, provide a surface that interacts with coagulation Factor Va and
      Xa and with calcium ions to form this enzyme complex. Cultured human colorectal
      carcinoma cells (Colo 205) also participate in prothrombinase complex assembly
      and function. Prothrombinase generation was measured by following the kinetics of
      prothrombin conversion to thrombin. Thrombin generation was monitored
      continuously using the reversible thrombin inhibitor, dansylarginine N-(3-ethyl
      1,5-pentanediyl)amide, which displays enhanced fluorescence upon binding to
      thrombin. Analyses of kinetic data indicate that the apparent dissociation
      constants (1-4 X 10(-10) mol/liter) and the number of Factor Va-Xa binding sites
      per tumor cell are comparable to values reported for human and bovine platelets,
      human lymphocytes, and monocytes. Guinea pig lymphocytes were also active, while
      erythrocytes were inactive, in the prothrombinase assay. Membrane vesicles, shed
      by guinea pig and human tumor cells into conditioned medium, also supported
      functional prothrombinase activity. Although earlier studies indicated that tumor
      cells may initiate coagulation, this is the first demonstration that tumor cells
      are competent to bring clotting to fruition by generating thrombin, a step
      essential to fibrin generation. These data suggest that tumor cells, in the
      presence of clotting initiators and appropriate coagulation factors, are
      sufficient to generate the fibrin deposited in solid tumors.

PMID- 4053026
TI  - Use of a highly sensitive assay to analyze the excision repair of dimer and
      nondimer DNA damages induced in human skin fibroblasts by 254-nm and solar
      ultraviolet radiation.
AB  - The excision repair of nondimer DNA damages induced in normal human skin
      fibroblasts exposed to the Mylar-filtered UV produced by a fluorescent sunlamp
      was investigated. This work was accomplished through the development of a
      modification of the bromodeoxyuridine photolysis assay that greatly increases the
      sensitivity of this assay. This enhancement in sensitivity was achieved through
      use of alkaline elution to measure the DNA strand breakage produced by the
      photolysis of bromodeoxyuridine incorporated into the DNA through excision
      repair. Using this modified bromodeoxyuridine photolysis assay, it was found that
      the solar UV-induced nondimer DNA damages appear to have been repaired by a short
      patch repair mechanism in which a small number of nucleotides (two to four) were
      inserted into the repaired site. This is in contrast to the long patch repair
      process involved in the excision of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in which
      approximately 40 nucleotides were inserted into each repaired region.

PMID- 4053027
TI  - Anthrapyrazoles, a new class of intercalating agents with high-level, broad
      spectrum activity against murine tumors.
AB  - A series of 5-[(aminoalkyl)amino]-substituted anthra[1,9-cd] pyrazol-6(2H)ones
      (anthrapyrazoles) were synthesized. These compounds, which differ from the
      anthracenediones in that an additional pyrazole ring has been fused to the
      anthracene system in place of one carbonyl group, were evaluated in vivo for
      their anticancer activity in eight different mouse tumor systems. Compounds were
      selected for testing primarily on the basis of their high levels of activity P388
      leukemia and occasionally for structural considerations. Sixty-seven % of the 21
      analogues studied were curative in the National Cancer Institute P388 screen.
      Many of the compounds tested were highly active against each of the tumors of the
      National Cancer Institute panel. Thus 82, 73, 45, and 80% of the compounds tested
      were curative for L1210 leukemia, B16 melanoma, M5076 sarcoma, and the MX-1
      mammary xenograft, respectively. Several of the compounds studied were curative
      against every tumor of the above panel. Because of the high activity of the
      anthrapyrazole series as a class in the National Cancer Institute tumor panel,
      additional testing was necessary to allow selection of clinical candidates.
      Twenty-one anthrapyrazoles were tested against mammary adenocarcinoma 16C, colon
      adenocarcinoma 11a, and the Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma. Four compounds, PD
      113,309 (Cl-937), PD 113,785 (Cl-941), PD 111,815 (Cl-942), and PD 115,593, were
      judged superior to the rest on the basis of the expanded panel testing. The
      preclinical data to date suggest that these anthrapyrazoles are similar to
      doxorubicin in both degree and spectrum of activity. Each of these
      anthrapyrazoles were significantly more active than were the other synthetic
      intercalating agents, the anthracenediones mitoxantrone and ametantrone, against
      the tumors of the expanded panel. On the basis of their high level of broad
      spectrum activity in preclinical systems, ease of formulation, possible lack of
      cross-resistance with doxorubicin, and potential lack of cardiotoxicity, Cl-937,
      Cl-941, and Cl-942 have been selected for further preclinical evaluation and
      possible clinical development.

PMID- 4053028
TI  - Effects of uridine and thymidine on the degradation of 5-fluorouracil, uracil,
      and thymine by rat liver dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase.
AB  - The kinetic properties and control mechanisms of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), uracil,
      and thymine degradation by rat liver dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase were studied
      in vitro. The calculated Michaelis constant (Km) for 5-FU was 3.49 +/- 0.41 (SE)
      microM, similar to those for uracil (2.26 +/- 0.28 microM) and for thymine (2.23
      +/- 0.34 microM). However, the reduction of 5-FU appears to be most sensitive to
      the inhibitory effects of increased substrate concentration. The specific
      activities of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (nmol/min/mg of protein) for 5-FU,
      uracil, and thymine were 0.82, 0.68, and 0.56, respectively. Uridine was found to
      be a potent noncompetitive inhibitor of pyrimidine base degradation in vitro,
      displaying an inhibition constant (Ki) for 5-FU of 0.71 microM. Total inhibition
      of 5-FU degradation occurred at a uridine concentration of 10 microM, whereas
      thymidine was found to be a much less potent noncompetitive inhibitor of
      pyrimidine base degradation (Ki 24 microM). This paper provides the first
      documentation of in vitro inhibition of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity
      by nucleosides. The concomitant utilization of uridine and 5-FU in clinical
      situations might prove useful by decreasing 5-FU catabolism to toxic metabolites
      as well as enhancing 5-FU cytotoxicity.

PMID- 4053029
TI  - In vitro effects of N,N-dimethylformamide on sublethal and potentially lethal
      damage recovery processes after X-irradiation in heterogeneous human colon tumor
      cells.
AB  - The responses of unfed plateau-phase cultures of two clonal subpopulations of
      cells (clones A and D) from a human colon adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) to X-irradiation
      were examined in detail either as control cultures or after growth in medium
      containing the differentiating agent N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 0.8%, three
      passages). Specifically, the cultures were studied with regard to their ability
      to express both potentially lethal and sublethal damage recovery (PLDR and SLDR,
      respectively). In PLDR studies on control cells, clone D expressed more PLDR than
      clone A, although recovery half-times were the same. DMF treatment increased the
      expression of PLDR in both cell lines and decreased the half-times for recovery.
      When recovery from sublethal radiation injury was assessed, the rate and extent
      of SLDR in non-DMF-treated clone A and D cells were identical. In contrast to the
      PLDR results, DMF treatment had no significant effect on SLDR in either cell
      line. These studies show that, while DMF treatment of human colon tumor cells
      increases cell killing in the clinically relevant, low-dose ("shoulder") region
      of the X-ray survival curve, this increase in cytotoxicity is not due to an
      inhibition of the repair of sublethal damage.

PMID- 4053030
TI  - Activity of a novel 4-quinolinecarboxylic acid, NSC 368390 [6-fluoro-2-(2'-fluoro
      1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-3-methyl-4-quinolinecarb oxylic acid sodium salt], against
      experimental tumors.
AB  - A novel, substituted 4-quinolinecarboxylic acid (NSC 339768) demonstrated
      antitumor activity against L1210 leukemia and B16 melanoma in the National Cancer
      Institute's Developmental Therapeutics Program. An extensive analogue synthesis
      program was initiated; over 200 derivatives were synthesized and tested for
      anticancer activity. One of these compounds, 6-fluoro-2-(2'-fluoro-1,1'-biphenyl
      4-yl)-3-methyl-4-quinolinecarboxylic acid sodium salt, NSC 368390 (DuP-785), was
      selected for further investigation because of its efficacy against a spectrum of
      human solid tumors and its water solubility. In initial studies with L1210
      leukemia, the compound caused an increase in life span of greater than 80%. The
      activity was schedule dependent, and the compound was equally efficacious when
      administered i.p., i.v., s.c., or p.o. In tests against human tumors xenografted
      under the renal capsule of nude mice, NSC 368390 when injected i.p. in doses of
      20-40 mg/kg daily for 9 days inhibited the growth of the MX-1 breast, LX-1 lung,
      BL/STX-1 stomach, and CX-1 colon carcinomas by greater than 90%. NSC 368390 also
      inhibited the growth of three distinct human colon carcinomas, the HCT-15, clone
      A, and DLD-2 tumors, growing s.c. in nude mice. An i.p. dose of 25 mg/kg given
      daily for 9 days inhibited the growth of the DLD-2 colon cancer by 98%. 1-beta-D
      Arabinofuranosylcytosine and Adriamycin were ineffective, and fluorouracil was
      only moderately effective against these colon tumors. Because of its good
      activity against human colon tumors and other human carcinomas and its water
      solubility, NSC 368390 (DuP-785) is being developed as a Phase 1 anticancer
      agent.

PMID- 4053031
TI  - Enzyme specificity in the metabolic activation of N-nitrosodimethylamine to a
      mutagen for Chinese hamster V79 cells.
AB  - In order to elucidate the mechanism of the metabolic activation of N
      nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), the relationship between NDMA demethylase (NDMAd)
      and NDMA mutagenicity in Chinese hamster V79 cells was investigated. The
      microsome-mediated activation system produced NDMA mutagenicity similar to the S9
      mediated activation system, suggesting that microsomes are solely responsible for
      the activation process. Pretreatment of rats with ethanol- or acetone-induced
      microsomal NDMAd activity, and such treatment also enhanced microsome-mediated
      NDMA mutagenicity 6-7-fold. The patterns of NDMA activation by ethanol- and
      acetone-induced microsomes differed distinctly from that by phenobarbital-induced
      microsomes for both NDMAd and the mutagenicity. The former type of microsomes had
      a low Km for NDMA, but the latter appeared to have very high Km values, and NDMAd
      was highly positively related to NDMA mutagenicity. Purified cytochrome P-450
      isozymes from acetone- and phenobarbital-induced microsomes, P-450ac and P-450b,
      respectively, were effective for the activation of NDMA to a mutagen in a
      reconstituted monooxygenase system. In parallel fashion to NDMAd activity, P
      450ac was effective at low substrate concentrations, whereas P-450b exhibited
      appreciable activity only at high NDMA concentrations. The results demonstrate
      clearly that NDMAd, which is effectively catalyzed by a specific P-450 isozyme
      inducible by compounds such as ethanol, acetone, and isopropanol, is primarily
      responsible for the activation of NDMA to a mutagen.

PMID- 4053032
TI  - Spontaneous malignant granulosa cell tumors in ovaries of young SWR mice.
AB  - Granulosa cell tumors (GCT) of the ovary appear spontaneously at 4-6 weeks of age
      in SWR/J and in SWR/Bm inbred strain mice, with a maximum incidence reached by 10
      weeks. Cancer was confirmed by metastasis to abdominal organs and by
      transplantability of primary tumors to histocompatible hosts. Results of genetic
      crosses showed that GCT appear in SWR X SJL F1 but not in SJL X SWR F1 nor in
      other F1 females derived from matings of SWR mice with A/HeJ, C57BL/6By, CBA/J,
      or DBA/2J mice. These findings suggest the maternal transmission of GCT
      susceptibility. Recombinant inbred strains SWXJ were produced from a progenitor
      mating of a SWR female to a SJL male. At F20, females in 3 of 14 SWXJ strains
      developed GCT, with one strain displaying a 5-fold increase in incidence. Embryo
      transfer studies with SWXJ-6 and -9 mice suggested that maternal transmission was
      most likely via the fertilized egg rather than through milk or placenta-uterine
      contact. Analysis of metaphase chromosomes indicated that the modal number in
      tumors and bone marrow was 40 (2n = 40) with 2 X chromosomes present. Gross
      chromosomal aberrations were not detected. A working hypothesis proposes that
      interaction of a unique SWR factor, perhaps cytoplasmic, with nuclear genomic
      material common to Swiss mouse stocks results in occurrence of GCT in young SWR
      and SWR-derived mice.

PMID- 4053033
TI  - Environmental modulation of the expression of differentiation and malignancy in
      six human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines.
AB  - Cell lines from six human squamous cell carcinomas exhibiting different degrees
      of differentiation and malignancy were studied under in vitro and in vivo growth
      conditions. The stability of phenotypic traits of these carcinoma cells and their
      sensitivity to environmental influences were analyzed to further elucidate the
      interdependency of differentiation and malignancy expressed under experimental
      conditions. In conventional (submerged) cultures the cell lines exhibited unique
      growth patterns with an individual but generally poor expression of
      differentiation (stratification). In a new organotypical culture assay where the
      cells grew on lifted collagen gels at the air-medium interface, three-dimensional
      structures were formed exhibiting organizational features and degrees of
      differentiation similar to those of the respective tumors. Both in tumors formed
      after s.c. injection of cells and in transplants (performed with silicone
      chambers on the dorsal muscle fascia) in nude mice, an enhancement of the
      individually distinct pattern of differentiation was observed. While anchorage
      independent growth was an unreliable marker for malignancy, all six lines were
      tumorigenic after s.c. injection into nude mice. However, the tumor yield (20 to
      100%) and latency period (2 to 12 weeks) varied considerably. In contrast all
      lines exhibited (within 1 to 2 weeks) invasive growth in 100% of animals after
      transplantation onto the dorsal muscle fascia. All tumors (squamous carcinomas)
      and invading cells were identified as epithelial and as human by specific
      antibodies. The two new test systems, the organotypical culture assay in vitro
      and the transplantation assay in vivo, proved to be reliable and sensitive models
      also for human squamous carcinoma cells to analyze their differentiative and
      malignant potential. In comparing the individually maintained degrees of
      differentiation and malignancy in the different test systems, it was apparent
      that, opposite to the prevailing opinion, cell lines with the highest
      differentiation potential were at least as malignant as were the least
      differentiated ones.

PMID- 4053034
TI  - Flow cytometric analysis of the effect of sodium chloride on gastric cancer risk
      in the rat.
AB  - Dietary sodium chloride has been identified, both experimentally and
      epidemiologically, as a risk factor for gastric cancer. In order to elucidate the
      manner in which salt increases gastric tumor incidence in N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine-treated animals, flow cytometric cell cycle analyses were
      performed on rats which had been treated with 1 ml of a solution of saturated
      NaCl by gavage and sacrificed 0, 1, 6, 12, 24, or 48 h after treatment. The
      gastric antra were excised, disaggregated, and stained with propidium iodide for
      cell cycle analysis. Results showed that there is a reduction in cell yield at
      early time points due to the toxicity of NaCl, followed by a net increase in the
      number of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle at 24 h. Treatment of rats with
      NaCl 24 h prior to a dose of 10 micrograms of 3H-labeled N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine did not lead to an increase in alkylation of DNA isolated from
      mucosal cells. Therefore, the hypothesis that salt enhances gastric cancer risk
      from N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine by disruption of the "mucosal barrier"
      leading to an increased effective dose to target cells is not supported by the
      results of these experiments. Several studies have shown that cells in S phase
      are the most susceptible to mutagenesis and that increasing the number of cycling
      cells in a target organ will increase tumor incidence (e.g., partial
      hepatectomy). Thus it is possible that NaCl increases gastric cancer risk through
      the mitogenesis which results from the damage caused to the mucosa by this agent.

PMID- 4053035
TI  - Metabolism of 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole by microsomal fractions and isolated
      rat hepatocytes.
AB  - 3-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole is oxidatively metabolized in the presence of rat
      liver microsomes, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and oxygen
      to yield tert-butylhydroquinone, tert-butylquinone, and a polar metabolite(s). In
      the presence of human and rat liver microsomes or eight purified cytochrome P-450
      isozymes reconstituted with NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, this phenolic
      antioxidant is converted to the oxidoreduction-active metabolite, tert
      butylquinone, that can stimulate the NADPH oxidase activities of these
      preparations by 2- to 7-fold. The rate of formation of each of the metabolites of
      3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole was increased by pretreatment of rats with either
      5,6-benzoflavone or phenobarbital. In addition the tert-butylhydroquinone and
      tert-butylquinone concentrations in solution reached apparent steady-state levels
      during metabolism; the steady-state concentrations were also increased by various
      animal pretreatment regimens. Furthermore it was shown that the metabolism of 3
      tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole yielded material which was covalently bound to
      protein. In the presence of glutathione the rates of formation of the polar
      metabolite(s) were enhanced 3- to 4-fold, while covalently bound products were
      nearly stoichiometrically decreased. The increase in the amount of polar
      metabolite was due to the formation of a 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole
      glutathione conjugate. 3-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole was also oxidatively
      metabolized by rat lung microsomes to yield the polar metabolite(s) and tert
      butylhydroquinone. The polar metabolite(s), tert-butylquinone, and tert
      butylhydroquinone were also shown to be formed in isolated hepatocyte
      suspensions. They could be found as either the free hydroquinone, the sulfate
      conjugate, the glucuronide conjugate, and polar metabolites, presumedly the 3
      tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole-glutathione conjugate. The total tert
      butylhydroquinone concentration attained a steady-state level in a manner similar
      to that seen with the microsomal suspensions. In addition 3-tert-butyl-4
      hydroxyanisole itself formed sulfate and glucuronide conjugates, the glucuronide
      being the major product.

PMID- 4053036
TI  - Abundant synthesis of the transformation-induced protein of neoplastic human
      fibroblasts, plastin, in normal lymphocytes.
AB  - The transformation-induced protein plastin (p219; Mr 68,000, pl 5.3) is a
      reliable cytosolic marker for neoplastic human fibroblasts. Fibroblasts
      transformed in vitro by chemical carcinogens or SV40 virus and tumor-derived
      cancer cells of fibroblastoid or epithelioid origin usually express plastin and
      p220, a minor phosphorylated form of plastin. We report here that plastin is
      expressed as one of the most abundant proteins of normal, untransformed
      lymphocytes. The phosphorylated form of plastin was detectable in adherent
      monocytes but not in purified T- or NK lymphocytes. We also demonstrate that an
      allelic variant or mutated form of plastin exhibiting altered charge is found at
      a reduced frequency in the human population. We discuss the possible significance
      of these observations in terms of evaluating the role of plastin induction in
      expression of the cancerous phenotype of fibroblasts.

PMID- 4053037
TI  - Enhanced sensitivity of 32P-postlabeling analysis of aromatic carcinogen:DNA
      adducts.
AB  - We have previously described a 32P assay for the detection and quantitation of
      aromatic carcinogen:DNA adducts (R. C. Gupta et al., Carcinogenesis (Lond.), 3:
      1081-1092, 1982). The method entails enzymatic digestion of DNA to
      deoxynucleoside 3'-monophosphates which are then converted to deoxynucleoside
      3',5'-[5'-32P]diphosphates by T4 polynucleotide kinase-catalyzed 32P transfer
      from adenosine [gamma-32P]triphosphate. Labeled adducts are purified and resolved
      by four-directional thin-layer chromatography. This procedure can detect one
      adduct in 10(7)-10(8) nucleotides but quantitation of adduct concentrations of
      one adduct in greater than 5 X 10(6) nucleotides becomes exceedingly difficult. I
      have now found that isolation of DNA adducts by extraction with 1-butanol in the
      presence of the phase-transfer agent tetrabutylammonium chloride prior to the
      labeling allows one to use excess carrier-free adenosine [gamma-32P]triphosphate
      (100-200 microCi), thus enabling quantitative analysis of a single adduct in
      10(9)-10(10) nucleotides when 1-10 micrograms of the DNA are used. Further
      increase in the sensitivity of the assay requires higher amount of DNA. The four
      directional thin-layer chromatography system has been modified so as to analyze
      simultaneously as many as 35-40 DNA samples. The new protocol, as applied to a
      number of carcinogenic aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of
      diverse structure, is capable of detecting and quantitating adducts at the level
      of one adduct per 10(10) nucleotides.

PMID- 4053038
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to osteoclastomas (giant cell bone tumors): definition of
      osteoclast-specific cellular antigens.
AB  - The cellular origin of the osteoclast, the major agent of bone resorption,
      remains controversial despite the demonstration that osteoclasts form by fusion
      of mononuclear cells that are ultimately derived from a bone marrow stem cell.
      One view is that they are the terminally differentiated progeny of mononuclear
      phagocytic cells. However, we have previously provided evidence, from functional
      and phenotypic studies of rodent and human osteoclasts, that raises the
      possibility that osteoclasts form a separate cell lineage from conventional
      hemopoietic cells and macrophages in particular. In an attempt to elucidate this
      question, we have used monoclonal antibody techniques to examine the relationship
      between osteoclasts and other bone marrow-derived cells. By using osteoclasts
      from osteoclastomas (giant cell tumors of bone) for immunizations, we have
      produced 11 mouse hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies reacting with
      osteoclasts in normal human fetal bone and a variety of neoplastic and non
      neoplastic bone lesions. Eight antibodies in 4 reactivity sets have been shown to
      recognize membrane antigens, whereas a further 3 react with cytoplasmic
      determinants. In 7 there is no cross-reactivity with macrophages in a wide range
      of tissues, thus effectively differentiating between these two cell types. These
      antibodies will prove useful for the identification of osteoclasts in tissues and
      in the separation of their circulating precursors, thus allowing an experimental
      approach to be made to many of the outstanding questions regarding the
      developmental pathobiology of the osteoclast.

PMID- 4053039
TI  - Characteristics of cultured human melanocytes isolated from different stages of
      tumor progression.
AB  - Normal melanocytes and melanocytes of normal nevi, primary melanoma in the radial
      (RGP) and vertical (VGP) growth phases, and metastatic melanoma exhibited and
      maintained phenotypic differences when grown in tissue culture or in experimental
      animals. Only metastatic and VGP primary melanoma cells were tumorigenic in
      athymic nude mice and had nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities involving
      chromosomes 1, 6, and 7. The colony-forming efficiency in soft agar was also
      highest in these two cell types. A cell line of RGP primary melanoma had
      characteristics of both benign and malignant cells: nevus-like morphology;
      nontumorigenicity in nude mice; but karyotypic abnormality of chromosome 6. It
      also had a ganglioside pattern similar to that of normal melanocytes but not
      melanomas, i.e., a high GM3 ganglioside content compared to the amounts of GM2,
      GD2, and GD3 gangliosides. Binding of monoclonal antibodies secreted by
      hybridomas generated by immunization of mice with VGP primary and metastatic
      melanoma was highest with cells and supernatants of cultures from advanced
      melanoma and least with nevus cells. There was no binding to normal melanocytes
      except with the monoclonal antibodies specific for nerve growth factor receptor
      or 9-O-acetyl-GD3 ganglioside. On the other hand, monoclonal anti-nevus
      antibodies bound to melanocytes, nevus cells, and RGP primary melanoma cells but
      not to VGP primary or metastatic melanoma cells. Cultured human melanocytic cells
      appear to be a unique model for the study of tumor progression.

PMID- 4053040
TI  - Neoplastic modulation of extracellular matrix: proteoglycan changes in the rabbit
      mesentery induced by V2 carcinoma cells.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that the invasion of V2 carcinoma cells in the rabbit
      mesentery is associated with marked extracellular matrix synthesis leading
      eventually to an overall increase in mesenteric mass. The purpose of the present
      study was to investigate the structural and biochemical composition of the
      extracellular matrix in tumor-free parts of rabbit mesenteries at various stages
      after intraperitoneal implantation of V2 carcinoma cells. The overall thickness
      of the tumor-implanted mesenteries increased progressively and peaked at about
      Day 14, when it was about 8 times greater than the untreated or liver-implanted
      controls. This was mainly the result of an accumulation of extracellular matrix
      components. In particular, there was a marked increase in both collagen fibers
      and proteoglycan granules, as well as filaments, probably hyaluronic acid, as
      visualized by ruthenium hexammine trichloride. Stereological analysis showed a 6
      fold increase in collagen fibers and a significant increase in the density and
      average diameter of proteoglycan granules. Biochemical analysis revealed a marked
      elevation in uronic acid content in the tumor-implanted mesenteries.
      Specifically, they contained 2.6 and 8.6 times the amount of hyaluronic acid and
      chondroitin sulfate, respectively, than did controls. Furthermore, the relative
      percentage of chondroitin sulfate was elevated markedly (26 versus 6% in
      controls). However, the content of heparan or dermatan sulfate did not vary
      significantly. Stereological analysis of the fibroblasts showed that their
      absolute number had doubled and that the cell volume of the individual fibroblast
      had increased markedly. This suggests that the fibroblasts were responsible for
      the excessive production of the extracellular matrix. These results support the
      concept that carcinoma cells can modulate their surrounding extracellular
      environment by stimulating the synthesis of connective tissue in the host
      mesenchymal cells.

PMID- 4053041
TI  - Induction of abnormal epithelial changes by estrogen in neonatal mouse vaginal
      transplants.
AB  - Adenosis occurred in transplanted C57BL and BALB/c mice Mullerian-derived
      reproductive tract regions, cervix, and/or fornix (FX), and middle vagina but
      never in the urogenital sinus-derived portion of the vagina, after a 1-mo
      exposure to endogenous ovarian hormones or exogenous estradiol (E2). Grafts in
      ovariectomized hosts did not exhibit adenosis, confirming its dependence on
      estrogen. C57BL FX and midvaginal transplants from 1-, 3-, and 5-day-old donors
      but not from 7- or 10-day-old donors developed adenosis, indicating a critical
      period before day 6. Prolonged E2 exposure (to 2 mo) decreased the adenosis
      incidence observed in the C57BL FX group but not in midvaginal transplants.
      Progesterone added during the second half of transplantation to continuing
      exogenous E2 prevented this reduction in the FX group; however, adenosis
      incidence in the similarly treated middle vagina group was less than that
      observed after 1 or 2 mo of E2 treatment alone. Progesterone present throughout
      the 2-mo transplantation period did not significantly affect adenosis incidence
      induced by 2-mo exposure of midvaginal or FX grafts to E2 alone. Changes
      suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma were found in a few BALB/c midvaginal
      grafts after E2 exposure for 1 mo and in some C57BL midvaginal and FX grafts
      after E2 and progesterone exposure for 2 mo.

PMID- 4053042
TI  - High-specific-activity 111In-labeled anticarcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal
      antibody: improved method for the synthesis of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
      conjugates.
AB  - A new method has been developed for conjugating diethylenetriaminepentaacetic
      acid (DTPA) to proteins using the N-hydroxysuccinimide active ester of DTPA. The
      DTPA-active ester was prepared using diisopropylcarbodiimide in a simple single
      step synthesis. DTPA-conjugated proteins were prepared by adding the DTPA-active
      ester reaction mixture to protein solutions (5 mg/ml) buffered at pH 7.0 and
      purified by Sephadex G-50 chromatography. A monoclonal antibody directed against
      carcinoembryonic antigen was reacted with four different amounts of the DTPA
      active ester. Solid-phase enzyme immunoassay showed that the immunological
      activity of the antibody conjugate was not altered when the active ester:
      antibody molar ratio was 36:1 or 72:1; however, it decreased when the ratio was
      180:1 or 360:1. The antibody heavy and light chains had slightly decreased
      electrophoretic mobilities when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis, a result consistent with the covalent attachment of DTPA to
      the protein. Sephadex G-200 chromatography showed that the native and conjugated
      antibodies were the same size. When the DTPA-conjugated antibody was incubated
      with 10, 50, and 100 microCi of 111In/micrograms of protein, specific activities
      of 9.8, 43.1, and 56.3 microCi/micrograms were obtained. Enzyme immunoassay and
      radioimmunoassay of the 111In-labeled antibody showed that it retained its full
      immunological activity. The high specific activity of the 111In-labeled antibody
      makes it suitable for imaging carcinoembryonic antigen-bearing tumors using low
      doses of antibody.

PMID- 4053043
TI  - High-specific-activity 111In-labeled anticarcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal
      antibody: biodistribution and imaging in nude mice bearing human colon cancer
      xenografts.
AB  - Tumor imaging and biodistribution of an indium-labeled monoclonal antibody (MAB)
      to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) [anti-CEA MAB-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic
      acid (DTPA)-111In] have been investigated using LS174T human colon cancer
      xenografts in nude mice. Antibody specificity, dose, and specific activity were
      examined with respect to tumor uptake and quality of scintiscans at different
      times following injection. The CEA-bearing LS174T tumors were imaged specifically
      with anti-CEA MAB-DTPA-111In. Using 62.5 ng of indium-labeled MAB (50
      microCi/micrograms) the ratio of activity in tissue expressed as a percentage of
      the total radioactive dose injected into the animal per gram tissue for
      tumor:blood increased from 0.66 +/- 0.02 (SE) at 1 h to 14.8 +/- 1.1 at 72 h.
      Scintiscan quality improved with the rise in tumor:blood ratio until 48 h. At
      longer intervals insufficient counts remained for imaging. The tumor:blood ratio
      and the scintiscan quality were not improved by increasing the MAB dose to 625 or
      6250 ng but good images were obtained at longer times postinjection. By
      decreasing the 111In from 50 to 10 microCi/micrograms of MAB, the unbound 111In
      was decreased from 7 microCi/micrograms (14%) to 0.2 microCi/micrograms (2%).
      Even with the lower specific activity (9.8 microCi/micrograms) of the 10
      microCi/micrograms preparation, scintiscan quality at the 62.5-ng dose was
      maintained. This anti-CEA MAB-DTPA-111In preparation was stable, retained
      immunological activity, did not require column chromatography to remove unbound
      111In, was specific for a CEA-bearing tumor, and was effective for tumor imaging
      over a wide range of antibody doses (3 to 300 micrograms MAB/kg body weight).
      This anti-CEA MAB-DTPA-111In preparation is feasible and practical for imaging
      CEA-bearing tumors in humans.

PMID- 4053044
TI  - Enhanced acute lung damage in mice following administration of 1,3-bis(2
      chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea.
AB  - 1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), also known as carmustine, is a lipid
      soluble anticancer drug which produces pulmonary fibrosis in up to 30% of the
      patients who receive this drug. The major risk factor for this disorder is
      preexisting lung damage. Animal models of this interaction have not been reported
      previously. A diffuse alveolar lesion was produced in male BALB/c mice by the
      administration of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Total lung hydroxyproline
      levels, an index of fibrosis, were not increased in mice 21 days after single
      doses of BHT or BCNU. Total lung DNA synthesis, an index of pulmonary damage, was
      slightly increased after 15 and 18 days in rats and mice treated with BCNU (15
      and 35 mg/kg, respectively). This suggested that a single dose of BCNU had only a
      minimal toxic effect on lung tissue. Combined treatments in mice given BHT (350
      or 400 mg/kg), followed on Day 1 by BCNU (35 mg/kg), resulted in the deposition
      of significantly more hydroxyproline than with either agent alone. This
      enhancement was not seen following lower doses of BHT and was diminished when the
      dose of BCNU was decreased. Delaying the administration of BCNU (35 mg/kg) until
      Day 3 or 5 eliminated increases in hydroxyproline content, but not histological
      evidence of enhanced lung damage. Additional histological analyses confirmed the
      presence of an increased fibrotic reaction, especially when high doses of BCNU
      were administered 1 day after BHT (400 mg/kg). Most of the lungs were totally
      consolidated with numerous hyperactive fibroblasts and a large number of giant
      type II cells with atypical nuclei. These effects may be related to the ability
      of BCNU to inhibit pulmonary glutathione reductase activity and the increased DNA
      synthesis normally seen after BHT. These data show that BCNU treatment can
      enhance BHT-induced lung damage resulting in a fibrotic lesion similar to that
      seen in some human patients. This effect is dependent on the extent of the
      initial lung lesion as well as the time when BCNU is administered and may
      represent an animal model of the primary risk factor for the development of
      pulmonary fibrosis in human patients receiving this drug.

PMID- 4053045
TI  - Establishment and characterization of a new human cultured cell line from a
      prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma.
AB  - A new human cell line was established from a prolactin (PRL) secreting pituitary
      adenoma. This cell line, designated as HPA, initially produced and secreted PRL,
      but the ability was decreased with increasing passage number. After about 30
      passages in vitro, these cells had a short doubling time (14 h) and a low plating
      efficiency (9%). When a minimum of 10(5) cells was injected per mouse, virtually
      all athymic nude mice developed a slow growing, nonmetastasizing tumor at the
      injection site about 30 days after injection. PRL production by the HPA cells
      after Day 150 was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry as well as
      radioimmunoassay. In addition, cimetidine (10(-4) M) had a significant
      stimulatory effect on PRL secretion by 4-day-cultured HPA cells. When the HPA
      cells were incubated in the presence of 5.0 and 10.0 nM bromocriptine, the
      proliferation rate was inhibited to 53.4 and 25.1% of untreated controls,
      respectively. On the other hand, the same concentrations of bromocriptine did not
      affect the proliferation rate of YK cells derived from human immature teratoma of
      the ovary. In addition, bromocriptine inhibited significantly the growth rate of
      xenotransplanted HPA but not YK cells. These results suggest that bromocriptine
      inhibits specifically the proliferation of HPA cells.

PMID- 4053046
TI  - Stimulative effect of physiological doses of androgen or pharmacological doses of
      estrogen on growth of Shionogi carcinoma 115 in mice.
AB  - It was generally accepted for 20 yr that the growth of Shionogi carcinoma 115
      (SC115) is stimulated only by androgen. In the present study, the growth
      stimulative effect of estrogen alone on SC115 tumors was examined in castrated
      mice. Daily injections of physiological doses of 17 beta-estradiol did not
      enhance the tumor growth. However, high doses of 17 beta-estradiol (10-100
      micrograms/mouse/day) significantly stimulated the growth of tumors in a dose
      dependent manner. Since high doses of diethylstilbestrol (10-50
      micrograms/mouse/day), which does not bind to androgen receptor, could markedly
      stimulate the growth of tumors and since antiandrogen (cyproterone acetate)
      failed to inhibit the growth stimulation induced by high doses of 17 beta
      estradiol, it is concluded that high doses of 17 beta-estradiol, which binds to
      androgen receptor with relatively low but significant affinity, enhance the tumor
      growth not via the androgen receptor system. The growth speed, histological type,
      content, and affinity of androgen, estrogen, and progesterone receptors and
      pattern of newly synthesized proteins labeled in vitro with [35S]methionine of
      tumors grown by high doses of estrogen were not significantly different from
      those of the original SC115 tumors grown in normal males. Furthermore, seed
      tumors from one to six generations grown by pharmacological doses of estrogen
      alone could rapidly grow only in normal males and not in castrated males. The
      present findings demonstrate that the growth of SC115 tumors in vivo is
      stimulated by physiological doses of androgen or pharmacological doses of
      estrogen.

PMID- 4053047
TI  - Decrease in the protein kinase C-catalyzed phosphorylation of an endogenous lung
      protein (Mr 36,000) following treatment of mice with the tumor-modulatory agent
      butylated hydroxytoluene.
AB  - Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) causes transient lung damage in mice, and it can
      either inhibit or enhance carcinogen induction of tumors in internal organs, such
      as urethan-induced lung adenomas. Since protein kinase C (Pk-C) may mediate the
      action of one class of tumor-modulatory agents, the phorbol esters which promote
      skin tumorigenesis, we are examining the hypothesis that Pk-C is involved in the
      modulatory effects of BHT on internal organs. Endogenous phosphorylation of a Mr
      36,000 cytosolic protein (p36) with a pI of 5.7 was demonstrable in extracts from
      lung and spleen but not from brain or heart. Phosphorylation required the
      presence of both Ca2+ and phosphatidylserine, and phosphate was incorporated into
      seryl and threonyl residues but not into tyrosyl residues. This reaction thus has
      the characteristics of Pk-C-dependent catalysis. A single i.p. injection of BHT
      (400 mg/kg body weight) decreased p36 phosphorylation severalfold in both
      BALB/cByJ and A/J mice. This decrease correlated with the extent of BHT-induced
      lung damage with regard to both the time course following BHT administration and
      the dose dependence of BHT. All of the pulmonary effects of BHT are abolished if
      the mice are pretreated with cedrene, an inducer of drug-detoxifying enzymes.
      Such treatment with cedrene prevented any BHT-induced decrease in p36
      phosphorylation. A decrease in Pk-C specific activity, as measured using histone
      as an exogenous substrate, which resulted upon BHT treatment may provide a
      mechanism for decreased p36 phosphorylation. The specificity of this toxicity
      related effect of BHT is emphasized by the fact that urethan injection did not
      detectably affect the phosphorylation of any lung proteins. Both p36
      phosphorylation and Pk-C specific activity increased as a function of postnatal
      age. Thus the extent of p36 phosphorylation was inversely related to the extent
      of lung cell proliferation in two different physiological states, postnatal
      growth and regenerative repair following BHT-induced toxic injury. A single BHT
      injection is sufficient to cause lung toxicity, tumor prophylaxis, or
      cocarcinogenesis, while tumor promotion requires chronic treatment. P36
      phosphorylation also decreased when mice were given multiple BHT injections over
      a period of 5 weeks. These results are consistent with a hypothesis that
      decreased Pk-C-dependent phosphorylation of p36 is involved in lung tumor
      modulation by BHT.

PMID- 4053048
TI  - DNA content of murine fibrosarcoma cell lines with varying metastatic potential.
AB  - The DNA content of murine fibrosarcoma cell lines of various metastatic potential
      was the subject of the current investigation. The cell lines were derived from
      methylcholanthrene-induced tumors as described previously (J. Varani et al., J.
      Natl. Cancer Inst., 71: 1281-1287, 1983). Cells were maintained in vitro and used
      for DNA studies no more than 48 h after passage. DNA staining was accomplished
      using propidium iodide and flow cytometry was used to quantitate relative amounts
      of DNA. Trout and chicken erythrocytes and mouse thymocytes were used as internal
      DNA standards for each cell line. DNA indices were calculated as the ratio of the
      G0-G1 peak channel number of the tumor cells to the G0-G1 peak channel number of
      the thymocytes. Manual chromosome counts were also obtained from each cell line
      using Giemsa-stained preparations. All cell lines demonstrated a single aneuploid
      population. The two tumor lines with the highest metastatic potential were
      slightly hyperdiploid whereas three low metastatic lines were near tetraploid. A
      sixth line of moderate metastatic potential was also found to be near tetraploid.
      Chromosome counts and flow cytometric analyses were in close agreement indicating
      that DNA content was largely due to chromosome replication. These data suggest
      that, in this model, metastatic potential and DNA content are inversely related
      once diploidy is exceeded.

PMID- 4053049
TI  - Histopathological comparison of the effects of hematoporphyrin derivative on two
      different murine tumors using computer-enhanced digital video fluorescence
      microscopy.
AB  - A comparison study of the effects of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD)
      photoradiation therapy on two different mouse sarcoma tumor model systems (RIF-1
      + EMT-6) was performed. Twenty-four h after i.v. administration of HPD, the
      responses to total laser light doses of 50-400 J/cm2 were evaluated by
      histological examination and the uptake and distribution of HPD using a computer
      enhanced digital video fluorescence microscopy technique. In response to total
      laser light dose (630 nm) of 50-400 J/cm2, 40 mice with RIF-1 tumor showed only
      minimal superficial tumor necrosis upon histological examination and a 9-12%
      increase in maximal tissue fluorescence. In contrast, 40 mice with EMT-6 tumor
      showed marked areas of patchy coagulation necrosis and vascular hemorrhage at
      doses as low as 50 J/cm2 and essentially total tumor destruction at total light
      doses of 150 J/cm2 or more. A 59-74% increase in maximal tissue fluorescence was
      observed using digital video fluorescence microscopy. It is concluded that the
      greater efficacy of treatment in the EMT-6 tumor as compared to the RIF-1 tumor
      was due to the greater localization of HPD as demonstrated by digital video
      fluorescence microscopy.

PMID- 4053050
TI  - Preferential DNA-protein cross-linking by NiCl2 in magnesium-insoluble regions of
      fractionated Chinese hamster ovary cell chromatin.
AB  - Intracellular nickel ions (Ni2+) have been shown to cause single-strand breaks in
      DNA, that were rapidly repaired, and DNA-protein cross-links, that persisted for
      at least 24 h following removal of extracellular ionic nickel. In this study, we
      have used the techniques of alkaline elution, chromatin fractionation, and sodium
      dodecyl sulfate:polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to examine the DNA-protein
      cross-linking induced by NiCl2 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Continuous
      treatment of logarithmically growing Chinese hamster ovary cells with 2.5 mM
      NiCl2 in complete medium resulted in DNA single-strand breaks within 1 h,
      followed by a time-dependent increase in the induction of DNA-protein cross-links
      at 2, 3, and 6 h. Since the entry of nickel into cells was maximal within 2 h of
      exposure, the time delay for the formation of DNA-protein cross-links was not
      limited by metal uptake. The nickel-induced DNA-protein cross-linking appeared to
      require active cell cycling, since single-strand breaks but no cross-linking
      could be detected in confluent cells treated with 1, 2.5, or 5 mM NiCl2 for 3 h.
      DNA-protein cross-linking induced by nickel occurred in late S phase of the cell
      cycle. High-molecular-weight nonhistone chromatin proteins and possibly histone
      H1 migrating at the Mr 30,000 range became cross-linked to DNA after treatment of
      cells with NiCl2. All nickel-cross-linked proteins were concentrated in the
      magnesium-insoluble regions of fractionated chromatin and were stable to urea, 2
      mercaptoethanol, and Nonidet P-40. Some proteins (Mr 48,000, 52,000, 55,000,
      70,000, and 95,000), the association of which with DNA was also stable to
      Sarkosyl, salt, and EDTA, were detectable in DNA rigorously fractionated from
      untreated cells. Nickel therefore appeared to cause the cross-linking of proteins
      that normally reside in close association with DNA. Alterations of the normal
      association of these proteins with DNA by nickel may be an early event in the
      nickel transformation process.

PMID- 4053051
TI  - Measurement of sister chromatid exchanges at very low bromodeoxyuridine
      substitution levels using a monoclonal antibody in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody to bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) incorporated into DNA allowed
      visualization of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) when as little as 0.6% of the
      thymine in a single DNA strand has been substituted. Measurement of the SCE
      frequency as a function of BrdUrd substitution in a normal Chinese hamster ovary
      cell line showed a plateau of six SCEs per cell for substitution levels up to at
      least 20%. A clear elevation in frequencies was noted at 60% substitution.
      However, in the mutant line EM9, previously shown to have a highly elevated
      frequency of SCE, the level of exchanges declined continuously as the percentage
      of BrdUrd substitution decreased. At 0.6% substitution, the frequency of SCE was
      still 4-fold higher than that of the parental cells. The antibody procedure
      described here should be useful in evaluating the extent to which SCEs induced by
      mutagenic agents result from interactions between the DNA damage caused by the
      agent and the BrdUrd routinely used for measuring SCE.

PMID- 4053052
TI  - Secreted phosphoprotein markers for neoplastic transformation of human epithelial
      and fibroblastic cells.
AB  - A wide variety of rodent tumor cells of both fibroblastic and epithelial origins
      secrete a major transformation-related phosphoprotein with a molecular weight of
      approximately 62,000. Tumorigenic cells, regardless of the transforming agent,
      secrete 10-fold or more of this 32P-labeled protein as compared with their
      nontumorigenic counterparts. In this study we have extended these previous
      findings to tumorigenic human cells of diverse origins (both sarcomas and
      carcinomas). Metabolic labeling of cells with [32P]orthophosphate and
      immunoprecipitation with antibody specifically directed against the rat
      transformation-dependent secreted phosphoprotein have been used to identify
      antigenically related human phosphoproteins (Mr 66,000-69,000). Of the 14 human
      cell lines examined, all 8 of the lethal tumorigenic cell populations secreted
      these phosphoproteins either in continuous culture or as fresh explants from nude
      mice while the six nonmalignant cell lines did not (tumorigenicity in all cases
      was assayed in nude mice). Included in our study were three tumorigenic human
      cell lines (two sarcomas, one carcinoma), each with a matched, nontumorigenic
      control. The very close correlation between secretion of these phosphoproteins
      and the tumor cell phenotype of both rodents and humans raises the possibility
      that they may be important for tumor growth in vivo.

PMID- 4053053
TI  - Radioimmunodetection of small human tumor xenografts in spleen of athymic mice by
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - The ability of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies to accumulate in and image
      small human tumors growing in the spleen of athymic mice was assessed. The
      antibodies B6.2 and B72.3, which reacted against human breast (Clouser) and colon
      (LS174T) tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, respectively, and the isotype matched
      anti-horseradish peroxidase antibody which did not bind to these tumors were used
      in pharmacokinetic and imaging experiments. Human melanoma cells and tumors
      (A375) which did not react with any of the three antibodies were used as
      additional controls. Radioiodinated "tumor specific" and non-specific antibodies
      were injected i.v. into athymic mice bearing intrasplenic tumors and the mice
      were sacrificed at various times to assess the specificity of uptake of these
      antibodies into tumor and normal host tissues. The accumulation of B6.2 in the
      Clouser tumor was maximal at 24 h as indicated by a localization index
      (specific/nonspecific antibody in tumor divided by the same ratio in blood) of
      about 4.0. The uptake of B72.3 in LS174T tumor increased with time with a
      localization index of about 12.0 observed at 50 h post-antibody injection.
      Localization indices for the control A375 tumor and for all normal mouse tissues,
      including the uninvolved portion of the tumor bearing spleen, were between 0.8
      and 1.0, thus indicating no specific antibody accumulation. The relative blood
      flows of the Clouser and A375 tumors, as determined by the 86RbCl method, were
      similar. The results suggested that immunospecificity was a major factor in
      antibody localization in vivo. Specific images of approximately 100-mg Clouser
      tumors with radiolabeled B6.2 and of LS174T tumor with radiolabeled B72.3 were
      seen by 24 h after antibody injection. Images of smaller (about 20 mg) LS174T
      tumors were seen by 48 h following B72.3 injection. The control antibody, anti
      horseradish peroxidase, did not image either Clouser or LS174T tumor. Also the
      control tumor was not imaged with any of the three antibodies tested. The data
      generated with this novel animal model support the concept of using radiolabeled
      monoclonal antibodies for detecting and possibly treating small metastatic
      visceral tumors in cancer patients.

PMID- 4053054
TI  - Induction of granulocytic hyperplasia, thymic atrophy, and hypercalcemia by a
      selected subpopulation of a murine mammary adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Three tumor cell subpopulation lines derived from a single, spontaneously
      occurring BALB/cfC3H mammary tumor were evaluated for their ability to cause a
      leukemoid effect in mice. One of the BALB/cfC3H tumor cell lines (410.4) produced
      leukocytosis with neutrophilia, hypercalcemia, and thymic atrophy. A second line
      (66) produced none of these effects. The third line (168) was intermediate in its
      ability to affect neutrophil counts and splenomegaly but did not produce thymic
      atrophy or hypercalcemia. These studies demonstrated that the hemopoietic effect
      of tumor cells derived from a single tumor was variable and that a tumor cell
      line which caused neutrophilia also induced hypercalcemia and thymic atrophy, the
      same association that was reported previously in the case of murine CE mammary
      carcinoma. These observations will be useful in the further investigation of
      pathophysiology of tumor-induced leukemoid reactions, hypercalcemia, and other
      paraneoplastic syndromes.

PMID- 4053055
TI  - The cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system of rabbit bladder mucosa: enzyme
      components and isozyme 5-dependent metabolism of 2-aminofluorene.
AB  - The microsomal fraction prepared from the mucosa of rabbit bladder was analyzed
      for the presence of enzymes and activities associated with the cytochrome P-450
      dependent monooxygenase system. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      phosphate:cytochrome P-450 reductase (315 units/mg protein), reduced nicotinamide
      adenine dinucleotide:cytochrome b5 reductase (920 units/mg protein), cytochrome P
      450 (0.22 nmol/mg protein), and cytochrome b5 (0.31 nmol/mg protein) were present
      in the microsomal preparation. Individual isozymes of cytochrome P-450, forms 2,
      5, and 6, but not form 4, were detected by immunochemical methods. Treatment of
      rabbits with either phenobarbital or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin did not
      alter the concentrations of these isozymes in the bladder preparation.
      Monooxygenase activities (pmol product/min/protein) in the bladder microsomal
      fraction were observed for benzphetamine N-demethylation (290), 7-ethoxyresorufin
      O-deethylation (29), 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation (28), benzo(a)pyrene
      hydroxylation (10), and 2-aminofluorene hydroxylation (1400). The metabolism of 2
      aminofluorene was determined by high performance liquid chromatography and
      scintillation counting; two products, 2-nitrosofluorene and 2,2'
      azoxybisfluorene, were identified by chromatographic retention times, ultraviolet
      visible spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Two additional metabolites were
      tentatively identified as N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene and a ring-hydroxylated
      product. The metabolism of 2-aminofluorene was inhibited by antibodies to
      cytochrome P-450 form 5 or to reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      phosphate:cytochrome P-450 reductase and by carbon monoxide (CO:O2, 4:1), but not
      by antibodies to cytochrome P-450 form 2. Acetylation of 2-aminofluorene in the
      presence of ethyl acetate (and deacetylation of 2-acetylaminofluorene) mediated
      by an enzyme sensitive to inhibition by either paraoxon or sodium fluoride was
      also observed.

PMID- 4053056
TI  - Deacetylation to 2-aminofluorene as a major initial reaction in the microsomal
      metabolism of 2-acetylaminofluorene to mutagenic products in preparations from
      rabbit lung and liver.
AB  - The rabbit pulmonary and hepatic microsomal pathways for the metabolism of 2
      acetylaminofluorene (AAF) and 2-aminofluorene (AF) to mutagenic products were
      investigated by means of high performance liquid chromatography and the
      Salmonella mutagenicity assay. Mutagenic activity approached a maximum with
      increasing concentrations of AAF incubated with hepatic microsomal preparations
      and Salmonella; with pulmonary microsomal preparations, mutagenic activity was
      proportional to the concentration of AAF over the range examined. The mutagenic
      activities of AF exhibited typical saturation kinetics with both hepatic and
      pulmonary microsomal preparations. Approximately 7 times more AF than N-hydroxy-2
      acetylaminofluorene (N-hydroxy-AAF) was formed in incubations of AAF (0.5 mM)
      with hepatic microsomal preparations. When AAF was incubated with pulmonary
      microsomal preparations, formation of AF, but not N-hydroxy-AAF, was detected.
      The inclusion of paraoxon in the pulmonary incubations blocked the formation of
      AF but did not lead to the recovery of any N-hydroxy-AAF. We conclude that the
      metabolism of AAF to mutagenic products in pulmonary microsomal preparations from
      rabbits is initiated primarily, if not entirely, by deacetylation of AAF to AF.
      The mutagenic activity of AAF with the pulmonary microsomal preparations is
      limited by the deacetylase activity which, like mutagenic activity, exhibits a
      linear relationship with the concentration of AAF. On the basis of the rates of
      formation of AF and N-hydroxy-AAF and their mutagenic activities, we estimate
      that about 60% of the hepatic metabolism of AAF to mutagenic products is
      dependent upon deacetylation of AAF and subsequent oxidation of the AF formed.

PMID- 4053057
TI  - DNA strand cleavage in vitro by 3-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]-indole,
      a direct-acting mutagen formed in the metabolism of carcinogenic 3-amino-1-methyl
      5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole.
AB  - 3-Hydroxyamino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (N-OH-Trp-P-2) is a direct-acting
      mutagenic compound derived by metabolic activation from 3-amino-1-methyl-5H
      pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2), a strongly mutagenic carcinogen. The action of N
      OH-Trp-P-2 on DNA in vitro was investigated. N-OH-Trp-P-2 inactivated Bacillus
      subtilis transforming DNA and produced single-strand cuts in a supercoiled
      circular DNA (phi X174RFI) under neutral conditions. When mouse FM3A cells in
      culture were treated with a noncytotoxic dose of N-OH-Trp-P-2 and then the
      cellular DNA was examined by the alkaline elution technique, chain cleavages of
      the DNA were observed. Cysteamine inhibited the spontaneous degradation of N-OH
      Trp-P-2 and enhanced the covalent binding of [3H]N-OH-Trp-P-2 to DNA. This
      finding offered an explanation for the previously observed enhancement of Trp-P-2
      mutagenicity by cysteamine. In contrast cysteamine inhibited the N-OH-Trp-P-2
      mediated inactivation of B. subtilis DNA as well as the strand cleavage in phi
      X174RFI DNA. The cleavage in phi X174RFI DNA was also inhibited by catalase.
      These observations indicate that the mutagenicity and DNA-cleaving activity of N
      OH-Trp-P-2 are distinct from each other, that the inactivation of transforming
      DNA was caused mainly by strand cleavage, and that the DNA cleavage was probably
      caused by active oxygen radicals produced in the oxidative degradation of N-OH
      Trp-P-2.

PMID- 4053058
TI  - Marital status and cancer incidence: differences in the black and white
      populations.
AB  - A study of 59,070 cancers newly diagnosed during the years 1978 through 1982
      among black and white males and females was conducted to assess variations in age
      adjusted incidence rates across four marital categories, single, married,
      divorced, and widowed. Population data were obtained from the 1980 Census.
      Distinct patterns of cancer incidence by marital status were observed for black
      and white males and females. Single black males had the highest age-adjusted
      incidence rates for all 15 of the 15 sites analyzed among men. Similarly single
      black females' rates were highest for 14 of the 18 sites analyzed among women.
      Among white females, age-adjusted incidence rates were highest or second highest
      in widows for 16 of 18 sites analyzed. The variation in cancer incidence by
      marital status was not statistically significant for white men. In addition,
      there is a statistically significant concordance of cancer incidence by marital
      status across the four race-gender groups for three digestive tract sites. Clues
      to cancer etiology are suggested by this study, as well as potential directions
      for preventive health programs.

PMID- 4053059
TI  - Enhanced formation of benzo(a)pyrene:DNA adducts in monocytes of patients with a
      presumed predisposition to lung cancer.
AB  - Blood monocytes from 45 selected patients with lung cancer and 30 healthy
      controls were incubated with [G-3H]-benzo(a)pyrene for 30 h, and the formation of
      covalently bound DNA adducts was determined. The lung cancer patients were either
      relatively young (below 46 yr), nonsmokers, or had at least one first degree
      relative with lung cancer. Therefore, they might be considered cancer prone. The
      DNA adducts were significantly elevated in 22 patients with early age cancer
      (4.34 fmol/micrograms of DNA; P less than 0.04). In 12 familial cases, the slight
      elevation (2.77 fmol/micrograms of DNA) was not statistically significant in
      comparison to healthy controls. Benzo(a)pyrene:DNA adduct levels did not differ
      significantly between smokers and nonsmokers. Eight of 9 lung cancer patients
      with DNA adducts equal or above 4.5 fmol/micrograms of DNA but only 16 of 36 with
      adducts below this value had either oat cell or squamous cell cancer (P less than
      0.05). The observed enhanced formation of covalent DNA adducts in blood monocytes
      exposed to a carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbon may be genetically determined
      and could play a role in the development of lung cancer at an early age.

PMID- 4053060
TI  - Malignant neoplasms among residents of a blackfoot disease-endemic area in
      Taiwan: high-arsenic artesian well water and cancers.
AB  - The objective of this study is to elucidate the association between high-arsenic
      artesian well water and cancers in endemic area of blackfoot disease, a unique
      peripheral vascular disease related to continuous arsenic exposure. As compared
      with the general population in Taiwan, both the standardized mortality ratio
      (SMR) and cumulative mortality rate were significantly high in blackfoot disease
      endemic areas for cancers of bladder, kidney, skin, lung, liver, and colon. The
      SMRs for cancers of bladder, kidney, skin, lung, liver, and colon were 1100, 772,
      534, 320, 170, and 160, respectively, for males, and 2009, 1119, 652, 413, 229,
      and 168, respectively, for females. A dose-response relationship was observed
      between SMRs of the cancers and blackfoot disease prevalence rate of the villages
      and townships in the endemic areas. SMRs of cancers were greater in villages
      where only artesian wells were used as the drinking water source than in villages
      using both artesian and shallow wells, and even greater than in villages using
      shallow wells only.

PMID- 4053061
TI  - Phase II clinical trial of a murine monoclonal antibody cytotoxic for
      gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma.
AB  - A murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) which binds to human metastatic
      gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas can be administered safely and has tumor effects
      in some patients. Its therapeutic effect was assessed in 20 patients with
      measurable advanced colorectal carcinoma that was refractory to prior surgical
      resection, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy. All patients had agreed to receive
      no other therapy at the time of MAb administration and follow-up evaluation. In
      one patient, tumor at all known sites responded after a single i.v. injection of
      antibody. One other patient had a marked reduction in a hepatic metastasis where
      binding of 131I-labeled F(ab')2 MAb fragments was demonstrated but not in his
      abdominal wall metastases where no MAb binding could be demonstrated. In a third
      patient, stabilization persisting for 12 mo of an aggressively growing tumor was
      observed. The antibody was well tolerated in all patients, although 10 patients
      mounted an anti-murine immunoglobulin antibody response.

PMID- 4053062
TI  - Phase I evaluation of a synthetic mutant of beta-interferon.
AB  - A synthetic mutant of beta-interferon, produced by recombinant DNA technology,
      was prepared with serine substituted for the naturally occurring cysteine at
      amino acid 17. This molecule, after purification to homogeneity, was evaluated in
      23 patients with cancer for tolerated doses, safety, and pharmacokinetics. Each
      patient was begun on twice weekly administration, one dose i.m., then an
      identical dose i.v. Doses, escalated weekly, were tolerated by 9 of 12 patients
      at 100 X 10(6) units i.m., 11 of 14 patients at 100 X 10(6) units i.v., and 8 of
      10 patients receiving i.v. doses of 200 X 10(6) units. Fever (greater than or
      equal to 38.9 degrees C), the commonest cause for ceasing dose escalation,
      occurred in 11 of 13 patients who developed limiting i.v. toxicity and 6 of 11
      who developed limiting i.m. toxicity. Patients who did not have progressive
      cancer after completion of dose escalation received five consecutive daily doses
      at their maximum tolerated single dose by each route, i.m. and i.v. These two 5
      day treatments were given without difficulty. All patients treated with 300 X
      10(6) units or less, i.m. (n = 13) or i.v. (n = 10), were able to receive five
      daily doses without limiting toxicity. Peak serum titers occurred immediately
      after i.v. administration and declined in an exponential manner thereafter.
      Despite absence of measurable titers in serum after i.m. injection, fever and
      significant (P less than 0.05) depression of WBC and platelet counts, serum
      calcium, and serum cholesterol occurred (prestudy to maximum tolerated dose). An
      immunoglobulin antibody to beta-interferon, detected by enzyme-linked
      immunoabsorbent assay, developed in 17 of 23 patients. Neutralizing activity
      (titer 10(2] was found in only 1 of 23 patients. No immune-mediated sequelae
      (symptomatic or renal) were identified. Further Phase I and II trials with this
      molecule will determine whether it will prove to have a better therapeutic index
      or different spectrum of therapeutic activity from alpha-interferon or gamma
      interferon.

PMID- 4053063
TI  - In vitro hematopoiesis following induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia.
AB  - The treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia results in predictable bone marrow
      hypoplasia and eventual cellular repopulation. In order to study this
      postchemotherapy repopulation, assays for hematopoietic progenitor cells were
      performed on bone marrow samples obtained from seven patients with acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia who had received similar chemotherapeutic induction
      regimens. Burst-forming units (erythrocyte), colony-forming units
      (megakaryocyte), colony-forming units (granulocyte-macrophage), and colony
      forming units (granulocyte-erythrocyte-megakaryocyte-macrophage) were cloned from
      human bone marrow mononuclear cells 5 and/or 10 days following completion of
      chemotherapy. All patients were pancytopenic and had hypocellular marrows when
      studied. Assays were performed 7 to 30 days prior to complete remission. Colony
      forming units (granulocyte-macrophage) were equivalent to control values 5 days
      following chemotherapy, while burst-forming units (erythrocyte) and colony
      forming units (granulocyte-erythrocyte-megakaryocyte-macrophage) were not
      assayable at that time. Ten days following chemotherapy, colony-forming units
      (granulocyte-erythrocyte-megakaryocyte-macrophage) and colony-forming units
      (granulocyte-macrophage) were 200 and 250% of normal controls, respectively,
      while burst-forming units (erythrocyte) were 29% of control values. Colony
      forming units (macrophage) were 10 to 15 times normal values 10 days following
      chemotherapy. In contrast to colonies from normal individuals, those grown from
      marrow obtained following chemotherapy were frequently macroscopic and were
      composed of thousands of cells. Patient marrow had larger proportions of
      progenitor cells in S phase of the cell cycle than did normal controls. These
      studies suggest the presence of a stem cell in human bone marrow which is
      resistant to chemotherapeutic agents and has a high capacity to regenerate
      hematopoietic progenitor cells. The period following completion of chemotherapy
      for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia appears suitable for the study of the
      hierarchical nature of human hematopoiesis.

PMID- 4053064
TI  - Chemotherapy following estrogen-induced expansion of the growth fraction of human
      breast cancer.
AB  - We have evaluated the feasibility of a cytokinetically oriented regimen based on
      the induction of cell recruitment by diethylstilbestrol (DES) in locally advanced
      human breast cancer. Tumor proliferative activity was evaluated by the thymidine
      labeling index and the primer-dependent alpha-DNA polymerase labeling index,
      which gives an in vitro estimation of the growth fraction. Sixteen previously
      untreated patients received DES (1 mg daily for 3 days) followed by FAC [5
      fluorouracil (600 mg/m2): Adriamycin (50 mg/m2): Cytoxan (600 mg/m2)] i.v. on day
      4 every 21 days. Radical surgery was delayed to allow for three DES-FAC regimens
      in responsive patients. Proliferative activity on tumor biopsies was evaluated
      immediately before and after treatment with DES, 24 h after chemotherapy and, in
      nine patients, at the time of radical surgery. DES was able to induce a
      significant increase in thymidine labeling index in 8 of 16 patients, while the
      primer-dependent alpha-DNA polymerase labeling index was significantly increased
      in 13 of 16 tumors, independently of their estrogen receptor content.
      Subsequently administered chemotherapy induced an early decrease in tumor
      proliferation. In the nine patients submitted to surgery after three DES plus FAC
      courses, the average thymidine labeling index and primer-dependent alpha-DNA
      polymerase labeling index were 27.8 and 73% of the pretreatment values. Our
      preliminary results provide the rationale for the design of new therapeutic
      schemes in which antitumor drugs are given at the time of estrogen-induced tumor
      cell recruitment. Further extended studies are required to establish whether
      induction of tumor cell recruitment will actually translate into appreciable
      improvement of the clinical response to chemotherapy.

PMID- 4053065
TI  - Effect of renal function impairment of iproplatin pharmacokinetics and relation
      to toxicity.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of iproplatin, a quadrivalent second-generation platinum
      complex the dose-limiting toxicity of which is myelosuppression, was studied in
      patients with different degrees of renal function impairment. The drug was
      administered in a 30-min i.v. infusion. The plasma decay of iproplatin was
      biphasic, with an overall median terminal phase half-life of 3.16 +/- 2.6 (SD) h.
      The overall mean volume of distribution (Vss) was 39.9 +/- 25.0 liters, with a
      total body clearance of 14.25 +/- 3.99 liters/h. The total body clearance of
      iproplatin showed a linear correlation, with renal function measured as
      creatinine clearance. The toxicity of the drug, expressed as percentage of
      reduction in platelet count, correlated linearly with the area under the
      concentration X time curve.

PMID- 4053066
TI  - Circulating membrane vesicles in leukemic blood.
AB  - Ultramicroscopic membrane vesicles were found in the plasma of 17 patients with
      certain types of leukemia (acute promyelocytic leukemia, acute monocytic
      leukemia, acute myelomonocytic leukemia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia) and in
      guinea pigs with the L2C leukemia. Labeled vesicles were cleared from normal
      guinea pig plasma according to a two exponential function with a half-life for
      the second exponent of greater than 11 h. By immunofluorescence, vesicles shared
      antigens with the L2C leukemic cells. Attempts to elucidate the cellular origin
      of the circulating vesicles in human leukemias were less definitive. However,
      vesicles did not react with the platelet membrane antigen GP IIb/IIIa nor did the
      presence of circulating vesicles or vesicle-associated procoagulant activity
      correlate with the platelet count. In three patients studied serially,
      circulating vesicles paralleled disease activity. Vesicles were not detected in
      16 other patients with leukemias including acute myelogenous leukemia and most
      lymphoid leukemias. Similarly, vesicles were not present in 29 normal plasmas or
      in 10 plasmas from patients with solid tumors or nonmalignant hematological
      disorders. In contrast to vesicles of similar appearance shed by a variety of
      solid and ascites tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, the vesicles circulating in
      leukemia patients and guinea pigs expressed variable and generally weak
      procoagulant activity and no tissue factor activity. Thus, although many of the
      patients with circulating vesicles expressed abnormal coagulation, we were not
      able to establish a close pathogenetic relationship between the procoagulant
      activity of circulating vesicles and clinical coagulopathies.

PMID- 4053068
TI  - Mammalian cell transformation. Mechanisms of carcinogenesis and assays for
      carcinogens.

PMID- 4053067
TI  - Relationship of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in plasma to 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-triphosphate levels in leukemic cells during
      treatment with high-dose 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic values of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) in plasma
      and its active metabolite 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-triphosphate (ara
      CTP) in circulating blast cells were studied in 11 patients with acute leukemia.
      ara-C was administered as a 2-h infusion (3 g/m2) followed in 12 to 24 h by a
      continuous infusion for 4 days in 10 patients and for 7 days in one. A steady
      state concentration of ara-C in plasma (94 +/- 32 microM) was reached by the end
      of the 2-h infusion. Its elimination was biphasic with an initial and terminal
      t1/2 of 0.44 +/- 0.10 h and 2.8 +/- 0.9 h, respectively. The accumulation of ara
      CTP in leukemic cells was linear and continued for up to 2 h after the bolus
      infusion. ara-CTP elimination was monophasic with a median t1/2 of 3.4 h (range,
      1.25 to 18.9 h). The disposition of ara-C and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil
      during continuous infusion was linear with dose rate over the dose range of 70 to
      3000 mg/m2/day. The area under the concentration versus time curve for ara-CTP in
      leukemic cells was not related to the dose infused, but rather appeared to be
      intrinsic to the cells of each individual. As a general finding, the
      pharmacokinetic values of ara-CTP in circulating blasts were more heterogeneous
      than those of ara-C in plasma. There were marked differences in the absolute
      concentrations of ara-C in plasma and ara-CTP in leukemic cells at different
      times after the bolus infusion and also during continuous infusion. No
      correlation was evident between the determinants of ara-C pharmacokinetic values
      and those of ara-CTP. Thus, it is concluded that the pharmacokinetics of ara-C in
      plasma cannot predict for the metabolism of ara-CTP in leukemic cells.

PMID- 4053069
TI  - Role of chemically induced mutagenic events in neoplastic transformation of
      Syrian hamster embryo cells.

PMID- 4053070
TI  - Parameters affecting the relationships among cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutational,
      and transformational responses in BALB/3T3 cells.

PMID- 4053071
TI  - Mechanistic aspects of initiation and promotion in C3H/10T1/2 cells.
AB  - The transformation of C3H/10T1/2 cells can be made to proceed through discrete
      stages of initiation and promotion. Studies of the effect of cell density upon
      focus formation in cultures treated with MNNG and TPA suggest that initiation by
      MNNG is due to a relatively infrequent, irreversible event induced by a single
      carcinogen treatment. In contrast, promotion appears to be a reversible process
      requiring multiple treatments with TPA over a protracted period of time. Some
      evidence suggests that promotion may entail the induction of phenotypic changes
      which impart a growth advantage to phenotypically unstable "initiated" cell
      populations. The actual cellular mechanism(s) for most of the phenomena observed
      in C3H/10T1/2 cultures have eluded precise definition and widely divergent
      hypotheses have been advanced to explain transformation, initiation, and
      promotion. Conceivably there are multiple mechanisms responsible for each of
      these phenomenon. Some agents may transform by a multistage mechanism whereas
      others may exert their effects in a more direct fashion. Some of the foci
      produced by promotion may be the result of simple selective processes, others the
      product of more complex inductive events. Variations would thus be expected
      between laboratories working with different protocols and agents. As demonstrated
      by the possible involvement of an MCA residue in transformation, it is also
      apparent that fundamental technical aspects of this conceptually simple cell
      transformation system are poorly understood. While it is natural to develop
      mechanistic models based on quantitative observations of transformation, a
      limited understanding of the basic cell culture variables which modulate both the
      induction and expression of transformation dictate that caution be exercised in
      extrapolating the significance of such models to in vivo carcinogenesis.

PMID- 4053072
TI  - Studies of tumor promoters with the Syrian hamster embryo cell transformation
      assay.

PMID- 4053073
TI  - Role of intercellular communication in BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation.

PMID- 4053074
TI  - Relationship of animal cell transformation models to the study of human
      neoplastic cell transformation.

PMID- 4053075
TI  - Mutations in the neoplastically transformed human cells.

PMID- 4053076
TI  - Neoplastic transformation of human diploid fibroblasts (KMST-6) by treatment with
      Co-60 gamma rays.

PMID- 4053077
TI  - Transformation of human cells with cloned and genomic DNAs: towards an
      understanding of human skin cancers.

PMID- 4053078
TI  - Mechanisms of transformation and promotion of mouse epidermal cells.

PMID- 4053079
TI  - In vitro transformation of rat tracheal epithelial cells: a model for the study
      of multistage carcinogenesis.
AB  - A multistage transformation assay has been developed using normal primary rat
      tracheal epithelial cells as targets for measuring the transforming activity of a
      variety of test substances. The assay is suited for quantitation of cell
      transformation and allows the study of effects of promoters as well as inhibitors
      of transformation at various stages of this multiphasic process. Studies with TPA
      and retinoic acid have shown that the first stage of neoplastic transformation of
      RTE cells cannot be enhanced by TPA but is inhibited by retinoic acid. However,
      TPA can enhance a later stage of transformation, the conversion of the ag- to the
      ag+ phenotype. The cellular and biochemical mechanism of the inhibitory effects
      of RA are under investigation.

PMID- 4053080
TI  - Application of retinoid stabilized carcinogen-initiated cells to the quantitation
      of transformation in the C3H/10T1/2 cell line.

PMID- 4053081
TI  - Oncogenic transformation of C3H/10T1/2 cells: methods and mechanisms.

PMID- 4053082
TI  - Evidence that the first step leading to carcinogen-induced malignant
      transformation is a high frequency, common event.

PMID- 4053083
TI  - Cellular and molecular mechanisms in malignant transformation of diploid rodent
      and human cells by radiation.

PMID- 4053084
TI  - Role of repair processes in neoplastic transformation induced by ionizing
      radiation in C3H/10T1/2 cells.

PMID- 4053085
TI  - Comparative evaluation of three mammalian cell transformation assay systems.
AB  - One cellular transformation assay system (Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) primary
      cells) and two viral mediated transformation systems (primary Syrian hamster
      embryo cells infected with Simian adenovirus type 7 (SHE/SA7), and a rat
      fibroblast cell line (2FR450) infected with Rauscher leukemia virus (Rat/RLV]
      were evaluated using a group of nine "model" and five coded chemicals. The
      purpose of the project was to establish the intra- and interlaboratory
      reproducibility of the assays and to provide a basis for objective comparisons
      between the systems. This is a preliminary evaluation of the assay systems using
      the results for these chemicals tested in eight collaborating laboratories under
      the auspices of the National Toxicology Program (NTP). The endpoint measured in
      each system is very different and a positive response in each had to be
      separately defined. The assay systems all produced a response to carcinogens and
      in most instances the responses could be qualitatively reproduced in the
      different laboratories. However, the assays differed significantly in their
      ability to demonstrate dose-related effects. In addition, multiple tests or
      modified assay procedures were required with every system in order to insure that
      chemicals had been adequately tested. In each system, technical or procedural
      limitations exist that preclude the application of these assays to routine
      chemical testing at this time. Among these limitations were ambiguity in scoring
      morphological transformation, significant but poorly defined influence of
      reagents such as serum or metabolic activation systems on test performance, and
      difficulty in repeating responses to a given chemical. Additional efforts to
      overcome these limitations will be necessary in order to make these test systems
      of use in routine testing of unknown chemicals for genetic toxicity.

PMID- 4053086
TI  - Syrian hamster embryo cell transformation as a screening assay: sources of
      variability.
AB  - Our inter- and intralaboratory results showed that the SHE transformation assay
      is not yet sufficiently developed for a large scale screening program. The major
      source of variability is largely due to the low number of transformed colonies
      induced by test chemicals in any one experiment. Although this limitation
      presumably can be overcome by scoring a larger number of colonies, we feel such
      an approach would defeat the practical purpose of a screening assay. Of the
      experimental variables examined, we believe that medium supplements other than
      fetal calf serum and alternative detection/selection methods for transformation
      are two areas that need further development in order to improve the
      reproducibility of the SHE assay system for testing diverse chemicals. Until
      then, this system under defined conditions should remain a useful tool for
      research purposes.

PMID- 4053087
TI  - Chemical enhancement of SA7 virus transformation of hamster embryo cells:
      interlaboratory testing of diverse chemicals.

PMID- 4053088
TI  - Molecular characterization of oncogenes in guinea pig lines chemically initiated
      in vitro: acquisition of tumorigenicity is associated with activated ras related
      oncogenes.

PMID- 4053089
TI  - Case for genetic regulatory elements that control tumorigenic expression in human
      hybrid cells.

PMID- 4053090
TI  - A previously unreported, mammalian, sulphated glycosaminoglycan.

PMID- 4053091
TI  - Determination of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (KDO), N-acetylneuraminic acid,
      and their derivatives by ion-exchange liquid chromatography.
AB  - A liquid chromatography (1.6 MPa) system for the analysis of 3-deoxy-D-manno-2
      octulosonic acid (KDO), N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), methyl alpha- and beta
      glycosides of Neu5Ac and KDO, alpha-heptosyl-(1----5)-KDO, various
      sialyllactoses, alpha-KDO-(2----4)-KDO, alpha-KDO-(2----4)-KDO methyl alpha
      glycoside, beta-KDO-(2----4)-KDO methyl beta-glycoside, D-glucuronic acid, D
      glucurono-3,6-lactone, and D-galacturonic acid has been developed. Separation was
      achieved within 10 and 30 min by the use of a small column filled with a strongly
      basic, anion-exchange resin, Aminex A-29, and 0.75 or 10mM sodium sulfate
      solutions as mobile phases. This method allowed the determination of KDO and
      sialic acids in amounts of 100 ng (0.5 nmol) and 200 pg (0.6 pmol), respectively.

PMID- 4053092
TI  - Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae
      type 5.
AB  - The structure of the capsular polysaccharide (S5) elaborated by Streptococcus
      pneumoniae type 5 has been investigated by using n.m.r. spectroscopy, methylation
      analysis, and various specific degradations. It is concluded that the
      polysaccharide is composed of pentasaccharide repeating-units having the
      following structure: (Formula: see text) In this structure, L-PneNAc stands for 2
      acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-L-talose (pneumosamine) and D-Sug for 2-acetamido-2,6
      dideoxy-D-xylo-hexos-4-ulose. The latter sugar accounts for the lability of S5
      towards alkali. N.m.r. spectra indicate heterogeneity in S5, most probably
      associated with the hexosyl-4-ulose residue.

PMID- 4053093
TI  - Mass spectrometry of oligosaccharides by chloride-attachment reactions: the
      origin of fragment loss.
AB  - The direct exposure, negative chemical ionisation, chloride-attachment mass
      spectrometry of trehalose and sucrose gave abundant chloride-attached molecular
      ions. The same feature was observed when these sugars were subjected to fast-atom
      bombardment (f.a.b.) in a glycerol matrix containing ammonium chloride. No
      characteristic fragment ion was found when trehalose was analysed by either
      method. In contrast, sucrose gave intense chloride-containing fragments, arising
      by glycosidic cleavage, when analysed by the first method, whereas such cleavage
      was not detectable by f.a.b.-ammonium chloride analysis. However, the mass
      analysed ion kinetic energy (m.i.k.e.) spectra of the (M + Cl)- ions from either
      trehalose and sucrose, generated under f.a.b.-ammonium chloride conditions,
      showed glycosidic cleavage reactions in addition to a large loss of HCl. These
      cleavage reactions might be attributed to SN2-like reactions on the acetal carbon
      atom and to base-induced eliminations, and they were enhanced by collision
      induced dissociations. However, the relative abundance of such glycosidic
      cleavages from the ionic state would be too weak to explain the presence of the
      large chloride-containing fragments in the direct exposure spectra of sucrose.
      Thus, these ions were mainly produced by a thermal cleavage followed by chloride
      attachment reactions.

PMID- 4053094
TI  - Separation of sugars by h.p.l.c. on copper silicate gel.

PMID- 4053095
TI  - Polysaccharide-lipid interaction analyzed by fast-atom-bombardment mass
      spectrometry.

PMID- 4053096
TI  - 13C-N.M.R. study of the conformation of helical complexes of amylodextrin and of
      amylose in solution.
AB  - Amylose (average d.p. 1000) and amylodextrin (average d.p. 25) have identical 13C
      n.m.r. spectra, except for some minor signals from the small amount of alpha-1---
      6 branch linkages present in amylodextrin. Amylodextrin can be obtained as stable
      solutions in much higher concentrations than amylose and so requires only 1/100th
      as many scans to obtain a spectrum comparable to that of amylose. 13C-N.m.r.
      spectroscopy has been used to study the formation of amylodextrin complexes with
      organic complexing agents in aqueous solution. A control study using dextran,
      which does not form helical complexes, showed that, when complexing agents are
      added, the signals from all of the carbons show a slight downfield shift due to a
      general solvent effect. In the case of amylodextrin, the addition of increasing
      concentrations of complexing agent also produced a downfield shift of the signals
      of all the carbons, but there was a greater shift of the signals for carbons 1
      and 4 than for carbons 2, 3, and 6, indicating that something more than a solvent
      effect was occurring. The cycloamyloses (cyclic alpha-1----4 linked D-glucose
      oligosaccharides which may be considered as model for an amylose helix) in water
      have chemical shifts for carbons 1 and 4 that are comparable to those shown by
      the amylodextrin complexes. It is thus proposed that the formation of a helical
      complex with amylodextrin results in a change in the conformation of the
      glycosidic linkage, which is reflected by greater downfield shifts of the signals
      for carbons 1 and 4, relative to those for carbons 2, 3, and 6. It was observed
      that differences in the ratio of the downfield shifts of C-1 and C-4 of the
      different amylodextrin complexes indicate differences in the degree of
      compactness of the helical structures. A comparison of the 13C chemical shifts of
      methyl alpha-D-glucoside and methyl alpha-maltoside showed that, for a molecule
      as small as a disaccharide, there is a conformational change about the glycosidic
      linkage when complexing agents are added.

PMID- 4053097
TI  - 2-Substituted methyl alpha-D-galactopyranosides: synthesis and binding affinity
      for the A and B subunits of the Griffonia simplicifolia I isolectins.
AB  - The binding affinities of the N-acetyl, N-trifluoroacetyl, N-propionyl, N-formyl,
      N-benzoyl, N-p-nitrobenzoyl, N-p-aminobenzoyl, and N-methyl derivatives of methyl
      2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside and the 2-O-acetyl, -benzoyl, -benzyl,
      and -methyl derivatives of methyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside for the A and B
      subunits of the Griffonia simplicifolia I isolectins have been determined by
      hapten inhibition analysis of a galactomannan-isolectin precipitation system.
      Models for these carbohydrate-protein interactions are presented together with an
      interpretation of the results on the basis of electronic and steric effects.

PMID- 4053098
TI  - Antitumor polysaccharides from P. ostreatus (Fr.) Quel.: isolation and structure
      of a beta-glucan.
AB  - We isolated an antitumor glucan (HA beta-glucan) from the neutral polysaccharide
      fraction (A3) of a hot-water extract of the edible mushroom P. ostreatus (Fr.)
      Quel. Purification was accomplished by extractions with 20% sodium chloride
      solution saturated with thymol and by precipitations with ethanol from dimethyl
      sulfoxide solution. The glucan showed marked antitumor activity at a dose of 0.1
      mg/kg. It is a highly branched (1----3)-beta-glucan having an average structure
      represented by a pentasaccharide segment consisting of one nonreducing terminal,
      one 3,6-di-O-substituted, and three 3-mono-O-substituted beta-D-glucopyranosyl
      residues. This structure was confirmed by examining 13C-n.m.r. spectra taken at
      75.46 MHz.

PMID- 4053099
TI  - Synthesis of (S)-2-fluoro-L-daunosamine and (S)-2-fluoro-D-ristosamine.
AB  - Derivatives of (S)-2-fluoro-L-daunosamine and (S)-2-fluoro-D-ristosamine were
      synthesized, starting ultimately from 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose which was
      converted, according to the literature, into methyl 2-benzamido-4, 6-O
      benzylidene-2-deoxy-3-O-(methylsulfonyl)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (2). Treatment
      of 2 with tetrabutylammonium fluoride gave a 63% yield of (known) methyl 3
      benzamido-4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-dideoxy-2-fluoro-alpha-D-altropyran oside (4),
      together with a 6% yield of its 2-benzamido-2,3-dideoxy-3-fluoro-alpha-D-gluco
      isomer. From 4, the corresponding 6-bromo-2,3,6-trideoxyglycoside 4-benzoate (6)
      was obtained by Hanessian-Hullar reaction. Dehydrobromination of 6, followed by
      catalytic hydrogenation of the resulting 5-enoside, and subsequent debenzoylation
      and N-trifluoroacetylation, afforded the fluorodaunosaminide, methyl 2,3,6
      trideoxy-2-fluoro-3-trifluoroacetamido-beta-L-galactopyranos ide. Reductive
      debromination of 6, followed by debenzoylation and N-trifluoroacetylation, gave
      the fluororistosaminide, methyl 2,3,6-trideoxy-2-fluoro-3-trifluoroacetamido
      alpha-D-altropyran oside. The 1H-n.m.r. spectra of the new aminofluoro sugars are
      discussed with respect to the effects of neighboring amino and acylamido
      substituents on geminal and vicinal 1H-19F coupling constants, in comparison with
      the reported effects of oxygen substituents.

PMID- 4053100
TI  - A structural investigation of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella K14.
AB  - The structure of the capsular polysaccharide isolated from Klebsiella serotype
      K14 has been investigated employing a combination of chemical and spectroscopic
      methods. The repeating structure is shown to be of the "4 + 1 + 1" type, and it
      carries a 1-carboxyethylidene acetal substituent at positions 4 and 6 of a
      terminal glucose residue. The polysaccharide is one of a group of only three
      Klebsiella polysaccharides that have been found to contain a galactofuranose
      residue in the repeating unit. The repeating unit has the following structure:
      (Formula: see text).

PMID- 4053101
TI  - Synthesis of methyl O-(3-deoxy-3-fluoro-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1----6)-beta-D-
      galactopyranoside and methyl O-(3-deoxy-3-fluoro-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1---
      6)-O-beta-D- galactopyranosyl-(1----6)-beta-D-galactopyranoside.
AB  - Condensation of 2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-3-fluoro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl
      bromide (3) with methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (4) gave a
      fully acetylated (1----6)-beta-D-galactobiose fluorinated at the 3'-position
      which was deacetylated to give the title disaccharide. The corresponding
      trisaccharide was obtained by reaction of 4 with 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-6-O
      chloracetyl-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl bromide (5), dechloroacetylation of the
      formed methyl O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-6-O-chloroacetyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1-
      --6) -2,3, 4-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside to give methyl O-(2,3,4-tri-O
      acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1----6)-2,3, 4-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D
      galactopyranoside (14), condensation with 3, and deacetylation.
      Dechloroacetylation of methyl O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-6-O-chloroacetyl-beta-D
      galactopyranosyl)-(1----6) -O-(2,3 , 4-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1--
      -6)-2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-beta -D- galactopyranoside, obtained by condensation of
      disaccharide 14 with bromide 5, was accompanied by extensive acetyl migration
      giving a mixture of products. These were deacetylated to give, crystalline for
      the first time, the methyl beta-glycoside of (1----6)-beta-D-galactotriose in
      high yield. The structures of the target compounds were confirmed by 500-MHz, 2D,
      1H- and conventional 13C- and 19F-n.m.r. spectroscopy.

PMID- 4053102
TI  - Synthesis of methyl glycosides of beta-(1----6)-linked D-galactobiose,
      galactotriose, and galactotetraose having a 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-beta-D
      galactopyranoside end-residue.
AB  - Methyl 2,4-di-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-3-fluoro-beta-D-galactopyranoside was synthesized
      by sequential tritylation, acetylation, and detritylation of methyl 3-deoxy-3
      fluoro-beta-D-galactopyranoside, and used as the initial nucleophile in the
      synthesis of methyl beta-glycosides of (1----6)-beta-D-galacto-biose, -triose
      (20), and -tetraose (22) having a 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-beta-D-galactopyranoside end
      residue. The extension of the oligosaccharide chains, to form the internal units
      in 20 and 22, was achieved by use of 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-6-O-bromoacetyl-alpha-D
      galactopyranosyl bromide as a glycosyl donor, and mercuric cyanide or silver
      triflate as the promotor. While fewer by-products were formed in the reactions
      involving mercuric cyanide, the reactions catalyzed by silver triflate were
      stereospecific and yielded only the desired beta (trans) products.

PMID- 4053103
TI  - Synthesis of methyl O-(3-deoxy-3-fluoro-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1----6)-O-beta
      D- galactopyranosyl-(1----6)-3-deoxy-3-fluoro-beta-D-galactopyranoside and
      related N.M.R. studies.
AB  - Sequential tritylation, benzoylation, and detritylation of methyl 3-deoxy-3
      fluoro-beta-D-galactopyranoside gave crystalline methyl 2,4-di-O-benzoyl-3-deoxy
      3-fluoro-beta-D-galactopyranoside (9), which was used as the initial nucleophile
      in the synthesis of the target oligosaccharide (16). Treatment of 9 with 2,3,4
      tri-O-benzoyl-6-O-bromoacetyl-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl bromide gave the
      corresponding disaccharide derivative 13, having a selectively removable blocking
      group at O-6'. Debromoacetylation of 13 afforded the disaccharide nucleophile 14
      which, when treated with 2,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-3-deoxy-3-fluoro-alpha-D
      galactopyranosyl bromide, gave the fully protected trisaccharide 15.
      Debenzoylation of 15 gave the title glycoside 16. Condensation reactions were
      performed with silver trifluoromethane-sulfonate as a promoter in the presence of
      sym-collidine under base-deficient conditions, and gave excellent yields of the
      desired beta(trans)-products. Analyses of the 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectra, as well
      as determination of the JCF and JHF coupling constants, were made by using
      various one- and two-dimensional n.m.r. techniques.

PMID- 4053104
TI  - Synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-6-O-bromoacetyl-beta-D-galactopyranose.

PMID- 4053105
TI  - Prevention and early detection of cancer.
AB  - The axiom that prevention is better than cure is especially true for a serious
      disease such as cancer for which therapy is expensive and seldom fully effective.
      However, it is only for some cancers that the major determinants are known and
      for which primary prevention programs are likely to result in substantial
      reduction in incidence. Past efforts at primary prevention have not been very
      successful where avoidance of cancer determinants involves changing pleasurable
      personal habits or has major economic effects. Control of the disease is now
      largely based on therapy. Because successful therapy is influenced by the stage
      of the disease at diagnosis there is increasing interest in early detection
      through the application of various screening techniques. Only some of these have
      been demonstrably effective in reducing cancer mortality. The introduction of any
      mass screening program should be based on an assessment of its costs, risks, and
      effectiveness in reducing mortality from the disease.

PMID- 4053106
TI  - Photocarcinogenesis by methoxypsoralen, neutral red, proflavine, and long UV
      radiation.
AB  - A study of the photosensitizing effects of 8-methoxypsoralen (MOP), neutral red
      (NR), and proflavine (PF) on the skin of female Swiss albino mice, strain 955,
      was carried out using fractionated exposure to long ultraviolet light (300-400
      nm) and visible light (tungsten emission). The results (1) confirmed MOP
      photocarcinogenicity, (2) demonstrated that both NR and PF are photocarcinogens,
      and, further, (3) showed that the above UV light with 2.6% of fluence at 313 nm
      is a long-term carcinogenic agent even though the total dose of 313 nm was 100
      times less than the minimal UV tumorigenic dose in mice. The tumors were mammary
      adenocarcinomas, carcinomas of skin appendages, carcino-mixo-sarcomas, lymphomas,
      and one case of thyroid adenocarcinoma. The implications of the above data
      regarding the controversy about oncogenic risks in photochemotherapy are
      discussed.

PMID- 4053107
TI  - Growth and ultrastructural responses of T-47D human breast tumor cells to
      treatment with mitoxantrone.
AB  - Mitoxantrone is a new anthracenedione derivative that suppresses cell
      proliferation in the T-47D human breast tumor cell line as revealed by colony
      forming assay in soft agar and growth study in monolayer culture. One-hour drug
      exposure at 10(-9) M, 10(-7) M, and 10(-5) M reduced colony formation to 30%, 3%,
      and 0.5% of the control value, respectively. Little inhibition of cell growth was
      observed in monolayer cultures after 24 hr treatment with 10(-9) or 10(-8) M
      mitoxantrone, but a sharp decline occurred between 10(-6) M and 10(-5) M.
      Cytotoxicity was evident after 24 hr treatment with 10(-4) M drug; fewer than 10%
      of the cells survived. [3H]thymidine incorporation declined rapidly between 10(
      9) M and 10(-6) M, revealing the potent inhibitory effect of mitoxantrone on DNA
      synthesis and cell proliferation. Ultrastructural examination revealed nucleolar
      alterations including dissociation and segregation of fibrillar and granular
      components, suggesting that this organelle is a principal intracellular target of
      mitoxantrone.

PMID- 4053108
TI  - Regan isoenzyme in ovarian cancer: reappraisal with a new assay method.
AB  - A new assay method was designed to determine the Regan isoenzyme in sera of
      patients with ovarian carcinoma. An attempt was made to improve the specificity
      and sensitivity of the assay. Serum was heated at 65 degrees C for 2 hr to
      complete the inactivation of intestinal alkaline phosphatase, then incubated with
      2'-AMP at 37 degrees C for 20 hr. Adenosine produced was then quantified by anion
      exchange column chromatography. Seventy-nine percent of patients with ovarian
      carcinoma showed elevated activity of the Regan isoenzyme.

PMID- 4053109
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen in experimental rat gastrointestinal carcinoma.
AB  - Detection of gastric carcinoma in the experimental rat can be difficult. We
      investigated whether or not serological testing for carcinoembryonic antigen
      might aid in the diagnostic process. Twenty-five young adult male Wistar rats
      were studied; 15 were treated with the carcinogen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), and 10 received no treatment. A complete autopsy was
      done on the 22 animals (12 in MNNG group, 10 in control group) that completed the
      37-week study. Serum obtained at autopsy was evaluated by radioimmunoassay for
      the presence of CEA-like immunoreactivity. Grossly normal stomach, as well as
      gastric and small bowel cancers, were also stained for CEA. Of the 12 autopsied
      animals in the MNNG group, eight had a total of 12 cancers (seven gastric and
      five proximal small bowel); in no animal was an elevated serum CEA level
      detected. Immunoreactive tissue CEA was demonstrable in normal stomach and in
      gastrointestinal cancers; the tumors usually stained less intensely than adjacent
      normal stomach and did not exhibit normal intracellular CEA distribution.

PMID- 4053110
TI  - Macrocreatine kinase type 2 in the serum of patients with tumors and with
      nonmalignant colonic diseases.
AB  - The macrocreatine kinase type 2 isoenzyme (MCK-2) was investigated as a marker
      for colonic cancer. It was sought in 252 serum samples from 231 patients: 69 with
      active colonic cancer, 49 in whom colonic cancer had been successfully resected,
      58 with nonmalignant diseases of the colon, and 76 patients immediately following
      colonic surgery. MCK-2 was detected in the serum of 39 of the patients with
      cancer (57%) and in one patient with diverticulitis. MCK-2 and carcinoembryonic
      antigen (CEA) were both measured in 47 colonic cancer patients. Both markers were
      detected in 19 cases, MCK-2 alone in eight and CEA alone in eight. We conclude
      that MCK-2 is a promising tumor marker for carcinoma of the colon and that its
      value might be complementary to that of CEA.

PMID- 4053111
TI  - Malignant melanoma of the skin in Upstate New York: recent trends and
      characteristics.
AB  - Some descriptive epidemiologic characteristics, and recent trends in incidence
      rates, were analyzed for 2,818 malignant melanomas of the skin diagnosed among
      residents of Upstate New York (ie, New York State exclusive of New York City) in
      1975-1979 and reported to the population-based New York State Cancer Registry.
      For later clinical-stage melanomas, higher incidence rates among males vs females
      indicate the need for earlier detection among males. Higher total melanoma
      incidence rates in younger (less than or equal to 44 years) females vs males were
      due to higher rates for clinical-stage 1 melanomas, indicating the need for
      primary prevention. For both males and females, the proportion of cases diagnosed
      at early clinical stage (ie, stage 1) was lower in single vs married cases,
      although differences were not statistically significant. The proportion of
      clinical stage 1 melanomas was significantly lower among widowed vs married
      women, indicating another target group for secondary prevention. Incidence rates
      and median household income by county were significantly associated (rank-order
      correlation test) for males aged 55-64 and females age 65 + years. Recent
      increases (from 1975 to 1979) in melanoma incidence rates were greater for
      clinical stage 1 (vs stages 2-3) melanomas and for males vs females; rates for
      stage 1 melanomas of the trunk in males increased 74.5% over the period (1975 to
      1979). Such descriptive data should be useful in planning public education and
      cancer screening programs.

PMID- 4053112
TI  - International Symposium on Immunobiology of Cancer and Allied Immune
      Dysfunctions. Copenhagen, November 4-7, 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4053113
TI  - Determination of the anaerobic threshold in the evaluation of functional status
      before and following valve replacement for aortic regurgitation.
AB  - The effect of aortic valve replacement on exercise capacity was evaluated in 28
      patients with aortic regurgitation using repeat determinations of peak oxygen
      uptake (VO2) and the anaerobic threshold (AT), based on a nonlinear increase in
      the plot of pulmonary ventilation versus VO2. Although the AT was on average 68%
      of peak VO2 before and 1 year after surgery, the test-to-test correlation
      coefficient was 0.92 for the AT but only 0.68 for peak VO2 postoperatively. 11
      patients (39%) improved in AT, usually within the first 6 months. The
      preoperative echocardiographic left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and its
      postoperative change correlated with that in the AT (r = 0.64 and -0.60, p less
      than 0.001) but not with that in peak VO2. The patients likely to improve had a
      lower AT (p less than 0.05) preoperatively, however. Thus repeat determinations
      of AT using respiratory measurements give additional data on changes in
      functional status. Sequential exercise testing does not require the patient to be
      exercised much past his AT.

PMID- 4053114
TI  - Prediction of the severity of acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - In 698 patients with suspected and definite acute myocardial infarction we tried
      to predict the severity of the infarction from clinical history and simple
      bedside evaluation soon after arrival in hospital. The severity of the infarction
      was judged from serum enzyme activity, 2-year survival, incidence and severity of
      congestive heart failure and incidence of severe ventricular arrhythmias during
      initial hospitalization. Entry characteristics which were positively associated
      with the severity of the infarction were intensity of pain, sign of congestive
      heart failure, high heart rate, ECG signs of acute myocardial infarction and
      presence of Q waves. Elderly patients and those with a history of hypertension
      also had a more severe clinical course.

PMID- 4053115
TI  - A simple method of predicting left ventricular function in stabilized chronic
      respiratory failure.
AB  - A simple method of assessing left ventricular function in stabilized chronic
      respiratory failure (CRF) is proposed. 21 patients with CRF were ranked according
      to the prediction of left ventricular function derived from eight elementary
      clinical criteria including standard chest X-ray and conventional basal
      electrocardiography. Equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography was performed at
      rest (rERNA) for the evaluation of left ventricular systolic function (ejection
      fraction, LVEF; peak ejection rate) and diastolic function (peak filling rate).
      Right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) was also measured. The clinical
      evaluation of the left ventricular function showed a high correlation with rERNA
      data (p less than 0.01 by Spearman's rank test). No correlation was found between
      rERNA parameters and PaO2 and between RVEF and LVEF. The clinical criteria
      proposed can thus predict left ventricular function in stabilized CRF with a high
      degree of confidence.

PMID- 4053116
TI  - Left main coronary artery occlusion.
AB  - Patients with complete occlusion of the left main coronary artery are candidates
      for massive myocardial infarction and sudden death and are thought to have a
      uniformly poor prognosis. Complete occlusion of the left main coronary artery was
      identified in 2 male patients among 2,546 patients undergoing cardiac
      catheterization over a period of 14.5 years in our institution. Both patients had
      angina pectoris. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was markedly elevated in
      one, and the ejection fraction was moderately to markedly reduced in both.
      Significant collateral flow to the left coronary system from the right coronary
      artery was present in both patients. Our study supports previous reports that
      left main coronary artery occlusion is rarely encountered during cardiac
      catheterization.

PMID- 4053117
TI  - Familial membranous subaortic stenosis.
AB  - Familial occurrence of membranous subaortic stenosis (MSS) is described in three
      families. The defect was found in 2 siblings in two of these families, and in 3
      siblings of the third family. The importance of early diagnosis and treatment of
      MSS is emphasized. We suggest early evaluation of first-degree relatives of
      patients with MSS for the possibility of this defect.

PMID- 4053118
TI  - Secondary hypertension. New aspects in diagnosis and treatment of renal and
      adrenal hypertension. Symposium, September 28, 1984, Munster, FRG.

PMID- 4053119
TI  - The spectrum of renovascular hypertension.
AB  - This review briefly summarizes pathological findings that may cause renovascular
      hypertension. Though atherosclerosis is the most common cause of renovascular
      hypertension, one third of all renovascular disorders has to be contributed to
      one of the arterial dysplasias. In contrast to atherosclerotic lesions which
      occur predominantly in older, male patients, fibrodysplastic alterations occur
      rather in younger, female patients. In very few cases malformations of the renal
      arteries or generalized diseases may cause renovascular hypertension.

PMID- 4053120
TI  - 21-Deoxytetrahydroaldosterone excretion in primary hyperaldosteronism.
AB  - In earlier studies by our group it was shown that the urinary
      tetrahydroaldosterone excretion is a more reliable test for the diagnosis of
      primary aldosteronism than aldosterone-18-glucuronide ('urinary aldosterone').
      However, in several patients with primary aldosteronism even the
      tetrahydroaldosterone values remained in the normal range. As the possible cause
      for this observation, the role of intestinal bacteria was considered which may
      transform tetrahydroaldosterone into 21-deoxytetrahydroaldosterone. Using a 21
      deoxytetrahydroaldosterone radioimmunoassay, this hypothesis could be confirmed.
      The sums of the urinary 21-deoxytetrahydroaldosterone and tetrahydroaldosterone
      excretions revealed to be of better diagnostic value than the
      tetrahydroaldosterone values alone.

PMID- 4053121
TI  - 131I-MIBG--a new agent in diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma.
AB  - The newly developed radiopharmaceutical, 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I
      MIBG), has been shown to be efficacious for the location of intra- and extra
      adrenal, primary pheochromocytomas and metastatic, malignant pheochromocytomas
      (11.4% false-negative and 1.8% false-positive in patients with proven
      pheochromocytomas). Preliminary experience in selected patients with malignant
      pheochromocytoma suggest that therapy using large doses of 131I-MIBG results in
      partial tumor regression and improvement in catecholamine hypersecretion in some
      cases.

PMID- 4053122
TI  - Thallium-201 scintigraphy in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.
AB  - 6 patients were studied by 201Tl scintigraphy; 1 of them suffered from a benign,
      and another from a malignant adrenal pheochromocytoma. 1 patient had a hormonal
      inactive adrenal tumor, 3 others multiple organ metastases of malignant
      pheochromocytomas. At the same time, 3 of the patients were studied by 131I
      metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) scintigraphy. Using different techniques like
      kinetic studies, whole-body scan or a 201Tl-99m-Tc difference scan, benign and
      malignant pheochromocytoma tissues could be localized by 201Tl scintigraphy.
      Benign and malignant pheochromocytomas showed different kinetics of 201Tl. In 2
      patients with multiple organ metastases of malignant pheochromocytomas, the
      metastases were partly imaged by 131I-MIBG, the others by 201Tl.

PMID- 4053123
TI  - Evaluation of screening tests for pheochromocytoma.
AB  - Autonomous and excessive synthesis of catecholamines is the predominant feature
      of pheochromocytoma tissue. An increased amount of catecholamines in the
      sympathetic neuron is the precondition for positive pharmacological tests. High
      rates of false-negative results are seen because of a down-regulation of
      adrenoceptors in pheochromocytoma patients. The separate measurement of the
      catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline and their metabolites metanephrine
      and normetanephrine in urine or serum are the most sensitive screening tests.

PMID- 4053124
TI  - Preliminary results with the clonidine suppression test in the diagnosis of
      pheochromocytoma.
AB  - 23 patients presenting with symptoms of pheochromocytoma were subjected to the
      clonidine suppression test. In 6 patients, in whom a pheochromocytoma was
      surgically approved later on, norepinephrine was not suppressed by clonidine. 17
      patients in whom a secondary form of hypertension could be excluded by other
      diagnostic measures showed a marked decrease of plasma norepinephrine. Apart from
      drowsiness, no adverse side effects were observed. In our hands, the clonidine
      test proved as a safe and specific test in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 4053125
TI  - Plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethyleneglycol in pheochromocytoma.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of the major brain metabolite of norepinephrine, 3-methoxy
      4-hydroxyphenethyleneglycol (MHPG), were assayed in patients with essential,
      renovascular hypertension, pheochromocytoma and in controls. The concentration of
      MHPG was significantly elevated in patients suffering from pheochromocytoma and
      was found to be related to tumor size.

PMID- 4053127
TI  - Anesthetic management in patients with pheochromocytoma.
AB  - In expert hands, perioperative mortality of elective removal of pheochromocytoma
      can almost be completely eliminated. Isoflurane and enflurane plus nitrous oxide
      have proved to be suitable anesthetic agents and there are potent drugs for the
      treatment of intraoperative cardiovascular disturbances. The major factor
      responsible for mortality reduction is a well-balanced pre-, peri- and
      postoperative fluid replacement.

PMID- 4053126
TI  - Adrenalectomy in adrenal hypertension.
AB  - Between 1965 and 1983, a total of 138 patients with endocrine hypertension were
      treated at the Munster Surgical Clinic. 71 catecholamine-producing tumors were
      removed in 56 patients, 60 patients had primary aldosteronism; 32 patients with
      Cushing's syndrome received uni- or bilateral adrenalectomy. The operative access
      to the adrenals was by anterior abdominal incision which we consider superior to
      lateral or transthoracic approaches. 35 complications occurred. The operative
      management of these forms of secondary hypertension, with its low overall rate of
      complications, is currently seen as the most successful therapeutic approach.

PMID- 4053128
TI  - Selective blood sampling in adrenal hypertension.
AB  - Selective venous blood sampling was performed in 89 patients with hypertension
      (14 pheochromocytoma, 10 Conn's syndrome, 8 Cushing's disease, 57 essential
      hypertension). We looked for diagnostic criteria and the valuability of blood
      sampling from the adrenal veins in such diseases. Defining a norepinephrine
      concentration of more than 8,000 ng/l as pathological, we had an accuracy of
      94.6%. Defining an aldosterone concentration of more than 1,400 pg/ml as
      pathological, we had an accuracy of 97.4%. In Cushing's disease this method was
      not very helpful due to overlapping results.

PMID- 4053129
TI  - Pantothenic acid deficiency as a factor contributing to the development of
      hypertension.
AB  - In endemic pantothenic acid deficiency of some Japanese populations, increased
      occurrence of hypertension has been described. However, all attempts to produce
      hypertension experimentally by means of pantothenic acid deficiency have failed
      up to now. As a consequence, the observations made in Japan have largely been
      ignored. In this paper, pantothenic acid deficiency will be shown to be a factor
      in the experimental origin of hypertension due to adrenal regeneration.

PMID- 4053130
TI  - Radioisotopic renal function studies in essential hypertension.
AB  - Renal and intrarenal distribution of flow together with an index of cardiac
      output is measurable using a single injection of 123I-o-iodohippurate. The
      argument is presented that in the treatment of essential hypertension one should
      avoid using drugs that reduce renal blood flow, a property of chronic therapy
      with most beta-blockers or diuretics. Reduction of renal blood flow is a stimulus
      to salt retention and renin release which tend to maintain hypertension. Drugs
      which increase renal blood flow, thereby augmenting the renal loss of salt and
      decreasing renin release, tend to reduce hypertension in the long term.

PMID- 4053131
TI  - Reconstructive vascular surgery for hypertension in renal vascular dysplasia.
AB  - 28 patients with renovascular hypertension caused by fibromuscular dysplasia
      involving one or more renal arteries underwent reconstructive surgery. The renal
      artery stenosis was bilateral in 5 patients. Total artery occlusion occurred in 3
      cases. Arteriography was the most useful diagnostic procedure. The operative
      technique of choice was replacement using saphenous vein or hypogastric artery.
      All patients survived. On follow-up, 27 patients (96.4%) were either cured or
      improved. Isotope nephrography suggested restenosis in 1 case. Our results
      support an aggressive approach to the diagnosis and surgical treatment of renal
      artery fibromuscular dysplasia causing hypertension.

PMID- 4053132
TI  - Metabolic consequences of long-term thiazide-based antihypertensive treatment of
      renal hypertension.
AB  - In 72 outpatients with early stage disease and mild to moderate hypertension,
      metabolic parameters were evaluated before and during 6 years of treatment with
      two different thiazide diuretic-based antihypertensive therapy regimens. Compared
      to the untreated state, chronic diuretic treatment caused a persisting increase
      in serum lipids in men or postmenopausal women. The high incidence of
      electrocardiographic abnormalities indicative of ischemic changes suggests a
      possible negative influence of diuretic-induced metabolic alterations on coronary
      heart disease in these patients.

PMID- 4053133
TI  - Results of microsurgery in Cushing's disease and effect on hypertension.
AB  - In 100 consecutive transnasal sellar explorations in suspected Cushing's disease,
      88 pituitary adenomas were removed. The initial remission rate in adenoma cases
      was about 90%. Complications related to surgery had been rare. Regularly after
      complete selective adenomectomy a period of ACTH and cortisol deficiency was
      found (90%). In these patients only 1 recurrence was seen whereas from 5 patients
      without cortisol deficit a relapse occurred in 4. Hypertension was found in 80%
      of patients with verified Cushing's disease. With normalization of cortisol
      excess, hypertension disappeared in 75% and was ameliorated in 15%.

PMID- 4053134
TI  - Adenosine deaminase inhibition and myocardial purine release during normoxia and
      ischaemia.
AB  - Quantitative determination of myocardial adenosine formation and breakdown is
      necessary to gain insight into the mechanism and regulation of its physiological
      actions. Deamination of adenosine was studied in isolated perfused rat hearts by
      infusion of adenosine (1 to 20 mumol X litre-1). All catabolites in the
      perfusates (inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid) were measured, as well
      as unchanged adenosine. Apparent uptake of adenosine was determined; it increased
      linearly with the concentration of adenosine infused. Adenosine was predominantly
      deaminated, even at low (1 mumol X litre-1) concentration. The inhibitory
      capacity of the adenosine deaminase inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3
      nonyl)adenine (EHNA) was determined, while 5 mumol X litre-1 adenosine was
      infused. EHNA inhibited the apparent adenosine deaminase activity for 62 and 92%
      at 5 and 50 mumol X litre-1, respectively. When 50 mumol X litre-1 EHNA was
      infused into normoxic hearts, release of adenosine was significantly elevated, as
      was coronary flow. Induction of ischaemia increased total purine release four-to
      fivefold. Infusion of EHNA into ischaemic hearts did not alter total purine
      release, but adenosine release increased from 15 to 60% of total purines.
      However, when EHNA was present, a large part of total purine release still
      existed of inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthiner and uric acid. This was 83% during
      normoxia and 40% during ischaemia. These results suggest significant contribution
      of IMP and GMP breakdown to purine release from isolated perfused rat hearts.

PMID- 4053135
TI  - Elevated coronary vascular resistance in the presence of reduced resting blood
      flow distal to a severe coronary stenosis.
AB  - Vascular reserve in underperfused myocardium has recently been described. This
      seemingly paradoxical observation conflicts with older concepts of the coronary
      circulation which hold that flow deficits do not develop until reserve is fully
      exhausted. To examine this phenomenon in greater detail in an animal model
      mimicking a fixed human coronary artery stenosis, we analysed the records of 25
      carefully selected, sedated pigs all instrumented with a rigid intralumenal
      coronary stenosis (82% lumenal diameter reduction). Each animal satisfied the
      following criteria: 1) perfused myocardial mass beyond the stenosis was within a
      narrow weight range (16 to 24 g); and 2) post stenosis (distal) epicardial (Epi)
      and endocardial (endo) flows were less than or equal to 90% of respective flows
      in a region perfused by the non-stenosed circumflex (CX) coronary artery.
      Accordingly, distal flow was reduced compared to circumflex zone flow (p less
      than 0.01) in the Epi (173 +/- 51 to 113 +/- 32 ml . 100g-1 . min-1), Endo (146
      +/- 39 to 116 +/- 27) and transmural (Tm) regions (164 +/- 45 to 124 +/- 31).
      Despite a flow deficit and constant severity of stenosis, distal zone Tm
      resistance (0.55 +/- 0.21 mmHg/ml . 100 g-1 . min-1) exceeded the minimum level
      achievable with intravenous infusion of adenosine (0.25 +/- 0.07) in a separate
      group of eight animals without a stenosis. Distal transmural resistance also
      varied over a five fold range (0.27 to 1.33) and in 20/25 animals exceeded the
      highest level (0.37) seen in non-stenosis animals during adenosine
      infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4053136
TI  - Effect of global vs regional ischaemia upon myocardial contractility and oxygen
      balance.
AB  - The possible role of catecholamines upon the nature of myocardial response to
      regional and global left ventricular ischaemia was investigated. Global ischaemia
      was accomplished by temporary occlusion of the left main coronary artery and
      regional ischaemia by temporary ligation of the left anterior descending coronary
      artery. Isometric force of contraction was measured with strain gauge arches,
      regional blood flow by a thermistor technique and intracellular NADH redox level
      by a fluorometric technique. These measurements were made simultaneously in two
      areas on the left ventricular myocardium: one immediately below the bifurcation
      of the LAD and the other immediately below the circumflex coronary artery.
      Following LAD occlusion a variable inotropic response was observed in the
      ischaemic area. A decrease in contractile tension was found in 19 of the dogs
      (44%), no change in 23% and an increase was found in 33%. Global ischaemia
      invariably resulted in a decrease in contractile tension. NADH redox state was
      markedly higher during global than during regional ischaemia. Propranolol
      administration blocked the positive inotropic response to regional ischaemia. It
      is concluded that endogenous catecholamine release may be responsible for
      increased contractile force during regional ischaemia. This response is
      apparently limited by the oxygen availability to the tissue.

PMID- 4053137
TI  - Experimental autoimmune myocarditis in the guinea pig.
AB  - Male and female guinea pigs underwent immunisation with heterologous heart
      protein (rat heart), complete Freund's adjuvant and pertussis vaccine (immunised)
      or normal saline (control) at weekly intervals for 6 weeks, and were subsequently
      studied. In vivo intracardiac pressures, cardiac outputs, blood volumes, in vitro
      pressure-volume relations, left ventricular collagen contents, light microscopy,
      direct immunofluorescence, lymphocyte stimulation studies, and serology for
      circulating anti heart antibody (haemagglutination and radioimmunoassay) were
      performed. Immunised guinea pigs studied between 5 and 8 weeks following the
      immunisation protocol demonstrated a 44% increase in LVEDP (p less than 0.005),
      an increase in right atrial pressure (p less than 0.001), although no change in
      aortic pressure or cardiac output when compared with controls. Left ventricular
      weight was increased 20% (p less than 0.001), and in vitro left ventricular
      volume by 34% (at 8 mmHg distending pressure, p less than 0.001). Lung wet weight
      was increased 44% (p less than 0.005), and left ventricular collagen content
      increased 60% (p less than 0.001). Cultured lymphocytes from treated guinea pigs
      demonstrated a 1.5- to 4.5-fold (dependent upon proximity to last immunisation)
      increase in radiolabelled thymidine uptake when incubated with guinea pig heart
      protein compared to controls (p less than 0.001), and circulating anti guinea pig
      heart antibodies were detected by haemagglutination and radioimmunoassay.
      Histological examination of the left ventricles revealed inflammatory cell
      infiltration and myocyte increase to varying degrees in 15 of the 18 treated
      animals. We conclude that inflammatory, probably immune-mediated, chronic
      myocarditis can be produced in the guinea pig.

PMID- 4053138
TI  - Inhomogeneity of ventricular refractory period in canine heart with quinidine
      induced long QT interval: a comparative study on effects of heart rate,
      isoprenaline, and lignocaine.
AB  - In anaesthetised open chest dogs, 30 mg . kg-1 of quinidine sulphate was injected
      intravenously over 5 min to produce QT prolongation. The sinus node was crushed.
      Effective refractory period (ERP) was determined at eight test points of the
      right ventricle using extra-stimuli after every seven basic ventricular pacings.
      Stimuli were of 2 ms duration and 1.5 times diastolic threshold. Temporal
      dispersion was estimated as the difference between the maximum and the minimum
      ERP of eight test points. Cycle lengths of basic ventricular drive were 700, 600,
      500, and 400 ms. Time course of changes in ERP and its temporal dispersion was
      tested in five dogs. The effect of a 2 mg . kg-1 bolus injection followed by 70
      micrograms . kg-1 . min-1 drip infusion lignocaine, on quinidine-induced changes
      in ERP was studied in eight dogs, and that of a 0.06 microgram . kg-1 . min-1
      infusion of isoprenaline, was tested in six dogs. ERP was significantly prolonged
      after quinidine injection (220 +/- 20 vs 258 +/- 25 ms n = 19, basic cycle length
      = 500 ms, p less than 0.001). Temporal dispersion was also increased after
      quinidine (18 +/- 9 vs 33 +/- 12 ms n = 19, basic cycle length = 500 ms, p less
      than 0.001). With shortening of basic cycle length (BCL), ERPs were shortened
      significantly. Temporal dispersion, however, did not change. Lignocaine prolonged
      ERP even further (250 +/- 25 vs 273 +/- 16 ms BCL = 500 ms, p less than
      0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4053139
TI  - Parasympathetic contribution to bradycardia induced by endurance training in man.
AB  - Seven normal subjects of sedentary habits were submitted to a 10 week period of
      endurance physical training on a cycloergometer. The training programme produced
      a mean 15.6 +/- 1.4% (+/- SE) increase in VO2max (from 39.7 +/- 2.0 ml . kg-1 .
      min-1 to 45.9 +/- 2.4 ml . kg-1 . min-1) and a reduction in resting heart rate
      (HR) from 69 +/- 1.9 to 58 +/- 1.7 beats . min-1 in the supine position. After
      pharmacological blockade of the parasympathetic system with atropine sulphate, HR
      rose on average by 53 +/- 3.9 beats . min-1 before training and 47 +/- 3.6 beats
      . min-1 after training, the difference being statistically nonsignificant. The
      magnitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was similar before and after the
      period of physical conditioning. The respiratory variation in HR ( Delta HR) at
      the 1 litre tidal volume was 20 +/- 2.4 beats . min-1 and 20 +/- 2.6 beats . min
      1 before and after training, respectively. At the 2 litre tidal volume, these
      values were 25 +/- 3.2 and 27 +/- 4.5 beats . min-1. Similar results were
      obtained with the RSA test when a group of 13 sedentary individuals (VO2max =
      39.4 +/- 1.3 ml . kg-1 . min-1) was compared with a group of 7 athletes who are
      medium distance runners (VO2max = 53.8 +/- 1.3 ml . kg-1 . min-1).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4053140
TI  - An increase in afterload augments ventricular relaxation rate in isolated
      perfused canine hearts.
AB  - The afterload dependency of relaxation rate was reappraised in isolated canine
      hearts both in isovolumic and isobaric contractions by using the reliable
      exponential method in which the asymptote LV pressure (P chi) is variable. This
      method provided a closer correlation (r = 0.999 +/- 0.001) between the measured
      LV pressure decay and the model estimate than the semilogarithmic method assuming
      P chi = 0 (r = 0.992 +/- 0.001). Time constants of isovolumic LV pressure decay
      obtained by the exponential method demonstrated a significant (p less than 0.01)
      decrease during volume loading both in isovolumic and isobaric contractions,
      indicating that the relaxation rate is augmented as afterload increases. In
      contrast, if we assume P chi = 0, the time constant of LV pressure decay was
      independent of peak LV pressure as previously reported. Thus, we conclude that
      the load insensitive relaxation rate implied by the semilogarithmic method (P chi
      = 0) may be erroneous due to an invalid assumption, ie, P chi = 0, but the
      relaxation rate is augmented as afterload increases both in isovolumically
      contracting and isobarically ejecting isolated canine hearts.

PMID- 4053141
TI  - Effects of bretylium tosylate on inhomogeneity of refractoriness and ventricular
      fibrillation threshold in canine hearts with quinidine-induced long QT interval.
AB  - We studied effects of bretylium tosylate (6 mg X kg-1, injected intravenously
      over 60s) on ventricular refractoriness and its inhomogeneity, and ventricular
      fibrillation threshold (VFT) in canine hearts with quinidine-induced long QT
      interval. In 3 anaesthetised open chest dogs, 30 mg X kg-1 of quinidine sulphate
      was injected intravenously over 5 min to produce QT prolongation. Effective
      refractory period (ERP) was determined at 8 test points of the right ventricle
      using extrastimuli. Temporal dispersion as an expression of inhomogeneity of
      ventricular refractoriness was estimated as the difference between the longest
      and the shortest ERP. VFT was determined using a train of pulses, 4 ms in
      duration and at 10 ms intervals. Effects of bretylium were determined from 30 to
      60 min after injection. Quinidine-induced long QT interval did not change after
      bretylium (358 +/- 37 vs 348 +/- 26 ms) when transiently elevated blood pressure
      returned to the pre-bretylium level. Bretylium shortened ERP slightly (278 +/- 16
      vs 268 +/- 14 ms, p less than 0.02) but did not shorten ERP after premature
      depolarisation (209 +/- 14 vs 209 +/- 15). However, temporal dispersion was
      significantly decreased by bretylium. VFT, which was lowered by quinidine (14.5
      +/- 5.0 vs 8.5 +/- 2.9 mA, p less than 0.01), was elevated significantly by
      bretylium (21.9 +/- 6.9, p less than 0.001). These effects of bretylium might be
      attributed to the combination of its direct electrophysiology and indirect
      adrenergic actions.

PMID- 4053142
TI  - Assessment of drug-induced pneumonitis in the 1980s.

PMID- 4053143
TI  - Treatment of major depressive disorder with melancholia.

PMID- 4053144
TI  - Informed consent and generic drug substitution.

PMID- 4053145
TI  - Clinical evaluation of urapidil, a new antihypertensive drug: preliminary
      findings in Japan.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics, hypotensive effects, and safety of urapidil were
      investigated in 22 patients with essential hypertension at four coordinated
      centers in Japan. The drug was administered in sustained-release capsules given
      twice daily. The peak plasma concentration of the drug (measured in six patients)
      was observed four to six hours after administration, and 60% to 70% of the peak
      concentration was detectable at eight hours. These findings suggest that blood
      pressure might be controlled by twice-daily administration of urapidil. In 14
      outpatients, who received 40 to 80 mg/day of urapidil, systolic and mean blood
      pressure decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) by week 4, and systolic,
      diastolic, and mean blood pressure decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) by
      week 6. In four inpatients, treated with 60 to 120 mg/day of the drug for two
      weeks, there were significant decreases (P less than 0.05) in systolic,
      diastolic, and mean blood pressure at day 6 and significant decreases (P less
      than 0.01) in diastolic and mean blood pressure at day 13. Although side effects
      were noted in five (23%) of the 22 patients, they were transient and slight in
      three; in two patients, the side effects disappeared after use of the medication
      was discontinued. Because the study was carried out in a small number of patients
      who received different dosages of urapidil over a short period of time, the
      optimal dosage was not established.

PMID- 4053146
TI  - Adverse effects of iron supplementation: a comparative trial of a wax-matrix iron
      preparation and conventional ferrous sulfate tablets.
AB  - The acceptability of supplemental iron delivered from a wax-matrix tablet of
      ferrous sulfate was compared with that of a conventional ferrous sulfate tablet
      in a single-blind, parallel-group study. Both tablets were formulated to deliver
      50 mg of elemental iron. The incidence of adverse effects was found to be
      significantly greater among 272 subjects taking the conventional tablets than
      among 271 subjects taking the wax-matrix preparation. Eighty-one percent of the
      subjects taking the wax-matrix preparation experienced no severe or moderate side
      effects as compared with only 50% of those taking the conventional tablets.

PMID- 4053147
TI  - Nebulized amoxicillin in chronic purulent bronchiectasis.
AB  - Nebulized amoxicillin (500 mg twice a day) was given for four months to six
      patients with bronchiectasis. The patients had continually produced purulent
      secretions, which had failed to clear (purulent to mucoid) when amoxicillin was
      given orally (3 gm twice a day). All patients found the nebulization technique
      acceptable, and no acute effect on lung function was seen. There were significant
      reductions in sputum purulence (P less than 0.025) and volume (P less than 0.05)
      and a mean (+/- SD) increase in peak expired flow rate (P less than 0.05) from
      230.5 +/- 79.2 L/min to 255 +/- 90.1 L/min. These improvements occurred despite
      the fact that apparently resistant bacteria were cultured. No adverse effects
      were noted. The response to nebulized amoxicillin after failure with the same
      drug given orally suggests that local concentrations of antibiotic in the lungs
      of these patients is important.

PMID- 4053148
TI  - Transfer of cefoperazone into human skin fluid.
AB  - The transfer of cefoperazone into exudates from excoriated skin wounds was
      studied in 13 adolescent and adult patients. Subjects were given an intravenous
      bolus injection of 50 mg/kg of body weight. Concentrations of cefoperazone in
      serum and in exudate fluids were determined by bioassay using Escherichia coli as
      the test organism. Mean (+/- SD) cefoperazone concentration in serum reached
      333.3 +/- 103.3 micrograms/ml 30 minutes after the injection and decreased to
      16.4 +/- 5.7 micrograms/ml eight hours after the injection. In exudate fluids,
      the peak value was 52.7 +/- 22.1 micrograms/ml at one hour. Eight hours after the
      injection, the mean concentration in the exudate was 10.7 +/- 7.2 micrograms/ml,
      which was considerably above the minimum inhibitory concentrations for important
      pathogens.

PMID- 4053149
TI  - [Improving the quality of teaching at medical schools].

PMID- 4053150
TI  - [Methods of multidimensional analysis and their use in medicine].

PMID- 4053151
TI  - [Pathophysiology of coronary artery spasm].

PMID- 4053152
TI  - [Diagnosis of coronary artery spasm].

PMID- 4053153
TI  - [Our initial experience with thallium perfusion scintigraphy of the myocardium in
      the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 4053154
TI  - [The significance of one-dimensional echocardiography in the detection of acute
      pulmonary embolism].

PMID- 4053155
TI  - [The reliability of echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital heart defects in
      neonates].

PMID- 4053156
TI  - [Modern aspects of using chronopharmacology in hematology. I. Biorhythms of
      hematologic characteristics].

PMID- 4053157
TI  - [Modern aspects of using chronopharmacology in hematology. II. Biorhythms in drug
      effects].

PMID- 4053158
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus and the skin].

PMID- 4053159
TI  - [Sarcoidosis of the skin].

PMID- 4053160
TI  - [Malignant skin lymphomas].

PMID- 4053162
TI  - [Psychosomatics in dermatology].

PMID- 4053161
TI  - [The present state of tuberculosis of the skin and lymph nodes in Prague].

PMID- 4053163
TI  - [Dying and death].

PMID- 4053164
TI  - [Activity of the Slovak Medical Society in 1984 and its goals for 1985].

PMID- 4053165
TI  - [Nuclear winter].

PMID- 4053166
TI  - [Characteristics of the clinical picture and the diagnosis of ischemic heart
      disease in old age].

PMID- 4053167
TI  - [Analysis of the life span of alkaptonuric patients].

PMID- 4053168
TI  - [Evaluation of the "scientific basis" and "personal conviction" in the
      professional opinions of psychiatrists].

PMID- 4053169
TI  - Ultrastructural sequence of myelin breakdown during Wallerian degeneration in the
      rat optic nerve.
AB  - Adult albino rats were subjected to unilateral surgical removal of the eyeball.
      After survival times of 7-140 days, the numerical response of the neuroglial
      cells, and the progressive disintegration of the myelin sheaths in the optic
      nerves, were studied qualitatively and quantitatively in electron-microscopic
      montages. The distribution density of microglia and astroglia in degenerating
      optic nerve increased to peaks after 35 and 56 days respectively, whereas, the
      oligodendroglia gradually decreased. During the early stage of degeneration,
      microglial cells appeared and invaded the sheath at the intraperiod line, peeling
      off the outer lamellae, which were then engulfed by phagocytosis. Within the
      microglia, myelin sheath fragments were surrounded by a membrane curled to form a
      myelin ring. In the intermediate stage of degeneration, the paired electron-dense
      lines of the ring, made up of myelin basic protein, decomposed and formed a
      homogeneous or heterogeneous osmiophilic layered structure, the myelin body,
      which, in the final stages, disintegrated and transformed into globoid lipid
      droplets and needle shaped cholesterol crystals.

PMID- 4053170
TI  - Ultrastructural aspects of cryofixed nerves.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the optic and trigeminal nerves of the rat, cryofixed by
      use of a liquid nitrogen-propane jet, was examined, paying special attention to
      the myelin sheath and the cytoskeleton of the axoplasm. The cytoskeleton of the
      axoplasm is formed by a meshwork of neurofilaments and microtubules connected
      both to each other and also to the cell organelles and axolemma. These cross
      linkers are fixed to the longitudinal neurofilaments in a helical arrangement,
      which could be a morphological substrate for the diverse axonal transport
      phenomena. The myelin sheath is formed by concentrically apposed membrane pairs,
      which are not fused together. The corresponding major and intraperiod lines seen
      using classical electron microscopy are in fact fissures that are obscured by the
      pattern of the selective deposition of osmium at certain sites and cannot be
      interpreted as specific structures. The cryofixed myelin membranes have the
      appearance of predominantly globular subunits arranged in an asymmetrical
      bilayer. The globular particles are of diverse diameter and occupy varying
      positions within the membrane. The tight junctions or zonulae occludentes of the
      myelin are formed by arrays of isolated particles, and consequently the fibril
      formation seems to be a result of the chemical fixation.

PMID- 4053171
TI  - Immunocytochemical evidence for intragranular processing of pro-opiomelanocortin
      in the melanotropic cells of the rabbit.
AB  - The immunogold technique, employing antisera with clear-cut specificities, was
      used to localise different processing stages of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) in
      rabbit melanotropic cells. While the antiserum against gamma 3-MSH labelled all
      the secretory granules including intrasaccular condensations in the Golgi
      apparatus, antisera against alpha-MSH only labelled extra-Golgi secretory
      vesicles (SV). All extra-Golgi SV were likewise labelled with the three antisera
      against alpha-MSH used, despite their different specificities for the
      deacetylated, N-acetylated or C-amidated forms of the peptide. The antibody
      against beta-endorphin also labelled the extra-Golgi SV, while only some SV were
      labelled with the antibody against gamma-endorphin. These results correlate with
      biochemical data in favour of mainly--if not exclusively--intragranular
      processing of POMC. Except for gamma 3-MSH, the cleavage of which could coincide
      with Golgi packaging of secretory material, other post-translational
      modifications of the precursor seem to occur when SV are discharged outside the
      Golgi area. The cleavage of gamma-endorphin appears to be a later step in POMC
      processing, occurring in some mature SV.

PMID- 4053172
TI  - Extravasation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from the cerebral microvasculature.
      Inflammatory response induced by alpha-bungarotoxin.
AB  - Postcapillary venules represent the segment of the microvasculature most
      vulnerable to inflammatory processes. While there is a considerable body of data
      on the peripheral vasculature, little is known about the primary events occurring
      during inflammatory reactions in cerebral blood vessels. We introduce here a
      model by which the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes through the CNS
      endothelial barrier can be studied. Alpha-bungarotoxin is used as a chemotactic
      agent and is shown, for the first time, to act by activating the complement
      cascade. Leukocytes migrate through the endothelium transcellularly. Two modes of
      migration are described: a direct mode whereby the cells use temporary pores in
      the vessel wall as portals, and an indirect mode whereby the leukocytes leave the
      vascular compartment after being enveloped by and incorporated into endothelial
      cells. The functional implications of these findings lead us to conclude that the
      direct mode of migration is a causal agent in the massive breakdown of the blood
      brain barrier under acute inflammatory conditions.

PMID- 4053174
TI  - High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of adult human peritubular
      dentine.
AB  - Single crystals from adult human peritubular dentine were studied by high
      resolution transmission electron microscopy. Periodic fringe patterns were
      obtained from which the exact shape of the inorganic crystals were deduced. The
      crystals were found to have a mean length of 36.00 +/- 1.87 nm, a mean width of
      25.57 +/- 1.37 nm, and a mean thickness of 9.76 +/- 0.69 nm. They consisted of
      platelets with a mean width-to-thickness ratio of 2.61, each being a flattened
      hexagonal prism of hydroxyapatite. Such conclusions are based upon the electron
      diffraction patterns that we obtained, and our comparison of the values of the
      periodic, equidistant fringes seen along different planes of sectioning with the
      corresponding theoretical values for hydroxyapatite.

PMID- 4053173
TI  - Modification of callosal afferents of the primary visual cortex ipsilateral to
      the remaining eye in rats monocularly enucleated at different stages of ontogeny.
AB  - Callosal afferents to the primary visual cortex (area Oc1) mainly originate in
      the border region between the lateral portion of the primary visual cortex (area
      Oc1) and the laterally positioned secondary visual cortex (area Oc2L) of the
      contralateral hemisphere. The extent of this region has been determined by
      retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In normal rats the width
      of the retrogradely labeled cortical strip is about 0.3 mm. In rats monocularly
      enucleated from the 23rd up to the 44th ontogenetic day and subsequently injected
      as adults with HRP into Oc1 ipsilateral to the remaining eye, the perikarya of
      the callosal afferents from the opposite hemisphere are labeled in the form of
      significantly wider columns (about 0.8 mm) than in animals enucleated from the
      50th ontogenetic day onwards. The latter do not differ from controls.

PMID- 4053175
TI  - The fine structure of nerve endings on rat thyroid follicular cells.
AB  - Axon profiles in thyroid glands obtained from adult male Wistar rats were studied
      electron-microscopically, using common and serial thin sections. Bouton profiles
      of nerve fibers, resembling the terminal or en passant type, often appeared
      closely associated with vascular smooth muscle cells via basement membranes.
      These structures are probably adrenergic, since they contained mainly small-core
      vesicles (mean diameter: 41.2 nm), in addition to a few large-core (mean
      diameter: 88.4 nm) and flattened vesicles. Nerve fibers containing microtubules
      and sometimes mitochondria and vesicles were seen lying between basement
      membranes and follicular cells. The incidence of nerve fiber contacts on profiles
      of follicular cells was 0.0177 +/- 0.0092 (S.D.). Using serial sections,
      follicles were seen to have up to two nerve endings, separated from the plasma
      membranes of the follicular cells by a gap of 22 nm. They contained mainly
      flattened vesicles and several large-core vesicles (mean diameter: 95.1 nm).
      Small-core vesicles were rarely seen in these nerve endings. Furthermore,
      subsurface cistern-like rough endoplasmic reticulum was found immediately under
      the plasma membranes of follicular cells facing membranes of nerve endings. These
      results suggest that the nerve fibers in contact with follicular cells are
      different from the adrenergic type.

PMID- 4053177
TI  - Survey of the clinical orientation of retail pharmacists in Zimbabwe.

PMID- 4053176
TI  - Immunization status of children living in Harare, Zimbabwe.

PMID- 4053178
TI  - Diabetogenic effect of thiazides and the relation to chromium. A preliminary
      report.

PMID- 4053179
TI  - Renal dysgenesis with lateral hermaphroditism.

PMID- 4053180
TI  - Jaundice in pregnancy: significance of racial aetiological factors.

PMID- 4053181
TI  - Apparent absence of homosexuality and lesbianism in traditional Zimbabweans.

PMID- 4053182
TI  - Segmentation and commitment in the leech embryo.

PMID- 4053183
TI  - Chemical probes of DNA conformation: detection of Z-DNA at nucleotide resolution.
AB  - Chemical probes sensitive to alterations in DNA conformation, especially Z-DNA,
      have been identified. These permit cleavage of DNA at sites of unusual structure,
      the results of which can be displayed on a sequencing gel. Using supercoiled
      plasmids containing inserts of d(C-G)16 and d(C-A)31 X d(T-G)31, it was found
      that hydroxylamine and osmium tetraoxide react preferentially with cytosines and
      thymines, respectively, near B-DNA-Z-DNA junctions; diethylpyrocarbonate reacts
      more strongly with purines within Z-DNA regions; and dimethylsulfate and
      diethylsulfate react more strongly with guanines in Z-DNA that are out of phase
      with the usual pattern of purine-pyrimidine alternation. Our results show that B
      Z boundaries are mobile and that with increasing torsional strain, the Z-DNA
      regions can expand to include nonalternating nucleotide sequences.

PMID- 4053184
TI  - A positive transcription factor controls the differential expression of two 5S
      RNA genes.
AB  - Somatic 5S RNA genes are transcribed preferentially over oocyte 5S RNA genes by
      25- to greater than 200-fold when mixtures of cloned genes are injected into
      cleaving Xenopus embryos. This preference is an order of magnitude greater than
      that observed in cell-free extracts. Mutations that decrease the binding of the
      5S RNA gene-specific transcription factor TFIIIA to the 5S RNA genes' internal
      control regions are exaggerated when assayed by embryo injection compared to in
      vitro transcription. Injection of TFIIIA into cleaving embryos greatly increases
      endogenous oocyte 5S RNA synthesis at midblastula even when DNA replication is
      inhibited. Much, but not all, of the preference for somatic over oocyte 5S RNA
      gene transcription in somatic cells can thus be attributed to the concentration
      of TFIIIA and to differences in binding constants of TFIIIA to the internal
      control regions of the two types of genes.

PMID- 4053185
TI  - Trypanosoma brucei: the extent of conversion in antigen genes may be related to
      the DNA coding specificity.
AB  - The boundaries of gene conversion in variant-specific antigen genes have been
      determined in six clones of Trypanosoma brucei. In each clone, antigenic
      switching involved interaction between two telomeric members of the AnTat 1.1
      multigene family, which share extensive homology throughout their coding regions.
      All conversion events occurred by substitution of faithful copies of donor
      sequences. Conversion endpoints were nonrandomly distributed. In four clones, the
      5' conversion limit was near the antigen translation initiation codon, while in
      three clones, the 3' conversion limit was located at the "hinge" between the two
      major antigen domains. In one case, two segmental conversions were involved in
      antigen switching. These observations reveal that antigen gene conversion can
      occur without generating point mutations, and suggest that postrecombinational
      selection may impose a limit on the number of possible rearrangements within
      antigen genes.

PMID- 4053186
TI  - The preferential translation of Drosophila hsp70 mRNA requires sequences in the
      untranslated leader.
AB  - When Drosophila cells are heat shocked, the translation of normal cellular mRNAs
      is repressed, while mRNAs encoding the heat-shock proteins are translated at high
      rates. We have found that the hsp70 message is not translated at high
      temperatures when its leader sequence is deleted. This message is translated when
      the cells are allowed to recover at 25 degrees C, but the translation ceases when
      the cells are given a second heat shock. A message with an extra 39 bases added
      onto the 5' end of the leader behaves in the same way. However, if either of two
      conserved sequence elements in the leader is deleted, the message is still
      translated during heat shock. Although the specific feature responsible for the
      preferential translation of heat-shock messages is not yet identified, we
      conclude that it must reside in the 5' untranslated leader.

PMID- 4053187
TI  - Formation of lentoids from retina gliocytes: ultrastructural study.
AB  - In primary monolayer cultures of dispersed neural retina cells from 13-day chick
      embryo, gliocytes (Muller glia cells) multiply and rapidly change into a
      lentoidal (lens-like) phenotype. They express lens proteins, including MP26 (a
      lens plasma-membrane antigen) and ultra-structurally appear to resemble lens
      cells. A significant aspect of this modification is that the glia-derived
      lentoidal cells no longer display contact-affinity for neurons but become
      preferentially adhesive to each other; in aggregates, they assemble into compact
      lentoids. A likely explanation for this change in cell affinities is that the
      modified gliocytes express little or no R-cognin, a retinal cell-surface antigen
      implicated in mutual recognition and adhesion of retina cells. Although lentoidal
      cells express MP26, a gap-junction component in the lens, no gap junctions could
      be found in the lentoids.

PMID- 4053188
TI  - Genome multiplication in cardiomyocytes of fast- and slow-growing mice.
AB  - The number of myocytes and the percentage of cells with a high degree of ploidy
      increased in the heart ventricles of fast-growing mice compared with slow-growing
      ones. The mean incidence of octa- and hexadecaploid (by summary DNA content)
      myocytes was 7% in the slow-growing and 23% in the fast-growing, weaned mice. In
      these groups, the total myocyte number varied by 20%. There were 43% more myocyte
      genomes in the heart ventricles of the fast-growing mice than in those of the
      slow-growing mice. The same differences in cell number and ploidy persist in 90
      day-old mice in spite of feeding ad libitum after weaning.

PMID- 4053189
TI  - [Antimicrobial action of a new iodophor prepared on the basis of amine oxidase].

PMID- 4053190
TI  - Symposium on running.

PMID- 4053191
TI  - Orthotic devices in running injuries.
AB  - The most significant problems that we found in our running population were
      hamstring contractures, which affected 80 per cent, and Achilles tendon
      contractures, which affected 40 per cent. On first seeing a running patient who
      has a connective tissue stress type of injury in his or her lower extremity, we
      first place the patient through a 6-week trial of stretching our contractures, as
      this will usually correct the problem. We can correct up to 50 per cent of the
      problems we see just by pursuing a good stretching program. In general, the
      running injuries most helped by orthotic devices are the posterior tibial
      syndrome and pes planovalgum. It is easy to understand how the orthotic device
      works in these situations because it actually controls the subtalar joints and
      prevents increased stress on the arch of the foot and the posterior tibial
      tendon. Orthotic devices are also very helpful for metatarsalgia and calcaneal
      spurs. By directly relieving the stress area in these two conditions, one can
      usually expect a good result.

PMID- 4053192
TI  - Biomechanics of running shoe performance.
AB  - The running shoe provides shock absorption and motion control for the runner. The
      change in shock-absorption properties has been studied as a function of miles
      run. Different models of running shoes encompassing various manufacturers' models
      and price ranges were mechanically tested to simulate the repeated heel strikes
      of running. The energy absorbed by the shoes was determined from the area under
      the load deformation curve at various intervals to the equivalent of having run
      500 miles. Shoes were also tested at similar intervals after having been worn by
      volunteers during normal training. A difference of approximately 33 per cent in
      the initial shock absorption was observed in the different shoe models tested. In
      general, the mechanically tested shoes retained approximately 75 per cent of
      their initial shock absorption capability after 50 miles and approximately 67 per
      cent after 100 to 150 miles. Between 250 and 500 miles, the shoes retained less
      than 60 per cent of their initial shock-absorption capacity. The shoes tested
      after having been worn during running by volunteers had similar but less severe
      degradation characteristics. These shoes tended to retain approximately 70 per
      cent of the initial shock absorption characteristics were apparent based upon
      either shoe price or manufacturer. In addition, shoes that exhibited superior
      initial shock absorption capability often had more rapid degradation
      characteristics.

PMID- 4053193
TI  - Adolescent runners.
AB  - The inherent flexibility of young and adolescent runners does not protect them
      from injury. An understanding of the similarities to and differences from adult
      problems will help the physician to not only treat appropriately but also give
      meaningful advice to parents and coaches.

PMID- 4053194
TI  - Health concerns of women runners.
AB  - The medical concerns of women runners focus not only on injury but also on how
      their activity affects their overall health. This article discusses lifestyle and
      nutritional patterns, menstrual change in active women, amenorrhea and decreased
      bone density, and issues related to pregnancy. Research data as well as
      recommendations for the clinician are included.

PMID- 4053195
TI  - The knee and running.
AB  - Forty per cent of all injuries in our series are related to the knee area. A
      great number of people in the United States, estimated at 20 million, are running
      regularly. Sixty to 70 per cent of the individuals who are running regularly are
      injured severely enough that they must temporarily stop running. A large number
      of individuals who are running regularly are seeking treatment for their knee
      problems. The significance of the data is related to the number not the type of
      injuries. An underlying biomechanical abnormality must be sought and treated or
      symptoms will return. Biomechanical understanding and anatomic evaluation can
      provide a rational basis for treatment that manages the acute problem and
      prevents future ones.

PMID- 4053196
TI  - Management of disorders of the forefoot and toenails associated with running.
AB  - Management of forefoot problems of runners requires that one understand the basic
      foot types and their relation to the problems as they occur and that one evaluate
      the entire lower extremity. The forefoot problems have been divided into
      disorders of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, lesser toes, metatarsalgia,
      callouses, and disorders of the toenails. Specific treatment and recommendation
      are made for each entity. Nonoperative treatment should be used whenever
      possible. Minor surgical procedures are helpful, but if the deformity is so
      severe that major reconstruction of the forefoot is performed, the patient must
      realize that he or she may not be able to return to full running activity.

PMID- 4053197
TI  - Environmental problems of runners.
AB  - By its very nature, running allows for a freedom that many athletic endeavors
      lack. The ability to run anytime and anywhere may be detrimental in itself, in
      that it may allow runners to place themselves in environmental circumstances that
      are unhealthy. Acclimatization to heat, altitude, and air pollution conditions
      can occur. Rapid changes in environment brought about by travel may lead to lack
      of recognition of appropriate clothing or running routes. Usual workout
      intensities and durations may not be appropriate for the specific environment at
      hand. Runners are advised to recognize the potential for such problems and make
      adjustments accordingly.

PMID- 4053198
TI  - Stress fractures in runners.
AB  - As the running community as well as the primary care medical community become
      more sophisticated in their knowledge of and treatment of repetitive stress
      injuries, only the more difficult problems will arrive at the orthopedist's
      office. As a result, injuries such as stress fracture will constitute a larger
      percentage of running and other repetitive stress injuries. The universal
      occurrence of stress fracture and its possible at-risk nature for serious injury
      if undertreated underscores the need to observe good treatment principles. With
      these principles in mind, the physician can usually treat stress fracture without
      major interruption of the recreational or competitive athlete's sport style.

PMID- 4053200
TI  - [Diagnostic value of the ratio quotient of estriol in the urine and amniotic
      fluid].

PMID- 4053199
TI  - Nerve entrapment of the foot and ankle in runners.
AB  - In the 10 years 1972 through 1982, the senior author performed 21 operations on
      15 runners with persistent foot and ankle pain. The operative procedures involved
      decompression of peripheral nerves in the foot and ankle, consisting of release
      of soft tissues in the tarsal tunnel and foot or removal of abnormal bony
      excrescences that were irritating these nerves. All 15 runners had good to
      excellent results and all returned to their preinjury running status, including
      the competitive athletes. Foot and ankle pain is best treated conservatively, but
      when signs and symptoms culled from a careful history and physical examination
      reflect a nerve entrapment syndrome, surgical intervention has its place in the
      armamentarium of the surgeon.

PMID- 4053201
TI  - [A system for the prevention of carcinoma of the uterine cervix].

PMID- 4053202
TI  - [A survey of gynecologic problems in leading female athletes].

PMID- 4053203
TI  - [Simultaneous intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy].

PMID- 4053204
TI  - [Maternal mortality in Czechoslovakia 1978-1982].

PMID- 4053205
TI  - [3d National Gynecology-Obstetrics Conference, the Czechoslovak Society of
      Gynecology and Obstetrics. Kosice, 20-22 September 1984. Abstracts].

PMID- 4053206
TI  - [Determination of the subjective postural vertical and horizontal when turning
      the examinee into the upright and upside-down positions].

PMID- 4053207
TI  - [Use of tissue glues in otorhinolaryngology].

PMID- 4053208
TI  - [Changes in mucociliary transport in sinusitis in children].

PMID- 4053209
TI  - [Function of the eustachian tube and the middle ear in lymphoproliferative
      diseases].

PMID- 4053210
TI  - [Cervicofacial liposarcoma].

PMID- 4053211
TI  - [Leiomyosarcoma of the esophagus].

PMID- 4053212
TI  - [Necrotizing sialometaplasia].

PMID- 4053213
TI  - [A new cryosurgical instrument for use in direct laryngoscopy].

PMID- 4053214
TI  - Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of lenampicillin (KBT-1585) in healthy
      human subjects: comparative studies with amoxicillin.
AB  - Lenampicillin (LAPC) is a novel prodrug of ampicillin (ABPC) which is under
      development by KANEBO Ltd. and TORII Pharmaceutical Co. The single- and multiple
      dose pharmacokinetic studies were performed on six healthy male volunteers.
      Amoxicillin (AMPC) was used as control drug. The oral single-dose studies of LAPC
      (equivalent to 250 mg ANPC) and of AMPC (500 mg) demonstrated that the mean peak
      serum concentrations of ABPC and AMPC were 11.4 +/- 0.8 micrograms/ml at 40 min
      and 8.5 +/- 0.7 micrograms/ml at 50-90 min, respectively. The half-lives and the
      areas under the concentration-time curves were the same for both antibiotics on
      an equimolar basis. The oral multiple-dose studies of LAPC and AMPC (twice a day
      for 8 days with the same single dose as above) showed that no measurable
      accumulation and no remarkable variations between the single- and multiple-dose
      pharmacokinetics were observed. No adverse effects were recorded for any subject.
      LAPC proved to have unique pharmacokinetic properties as compared with AMPC and
      high safety, and its further development to clinical trials appears warranted.

PMID- 4053215
TI  - Limits of antifungal prophylaxis by ketoconazole in leukemic patients.
AB  - Serum ketoconazole levels in leukemic patients, subjected to ketoconazole
      prophylaxis, were determined by an agar diffusion assay. High individual
      variability of drug concentration was noted. In addition, the highest drug
      concentration observed was less than 1 microgram/ml in 5 out of 6 patients
      studied. The reliability of prophylaxis of airborne opportunistic fungal
      infections by ketoconazole seems, therefore, to be hampered, at least in
      leukemics, by the too low serum concentrations of the drug. The bioassay proved
      to be highly reproducible and accurate as well as easy and safe to perform.

PMID- 4053216
TI  - Influence of daunorubicin on membrane permeability properties: detection by means
      of intracellular accumulation and efflux of fluorescein.
AB  - The influence of daunorubicin (DNR) on membrane permeability properties was
      assessed by studying the ability of living HeLa cells to exhibit fluorochromasia;
      that is, to take up a fluorogenic substrate and retain the fluorescent compound
      obtained by enzymatic reaction. The intracellular accumulation of the fluorescent
      product as well as its release by the cells may be considered indicators of the
      permeability properties, since both processes are mediated by the cell membrane.
      The influence of the drug on the accumulation and on the efflux of fluorescein,
      obtained intracellularly from the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate (FDA), was
      evaluated, after DNR treatment, by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the
      product in single living cells by flow cytometry. The results showed that DNR, up
      to a concentration of 5 X 10(-6) M, did not significantly affect the accumulation
      of fluorescein. On the contrary, the efflux was strongly inhibited. A comparative
      study of the influence of drugs with known action mechanism was performed with
      the membrane-active compound hydrocortisone (HC) and with the metabolic inhibitor
      KCN. The results obtained indicate that DNR significantly affects membrane
      permeability properties and that its influence is similar to that exerted by
      metabolic inhibitors.

PMID- 4053217
TI  - Serum effects on DNA repair in human cells.
AB  - Freshly isolated human lymphocytes were used to determine how serum supplements
      affect cellular capacity to repair UV damage. Repair capacity was always found to
      be greatest in medium supplemented with autologous plasma. Variability in repair
      capacity among individuals was greater in serum supplemented medium than in
      unsupplemented medium. Thus, in vitro cellular responses will most accurately
      represent in vivo responses if autologous serum factors are present in the
      culture medium. This is of particular importance in studies attempting to
      correlate DNA repair capacity with age or susceptibility to carcinogenesis.

PMID- 4053218
TI  - The effects of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine on KB cells. II. Cell
      sensitivity to the lethal effect of the drug as a function of the cell age and of
      the nature of the culture medium.
AB  - We have tested the sensitivity of KB cells to the lethal effect of N-methyl-N'
      nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), measured as cell loss within the 20-h period
      following a 1-h drug treatment, as a function of culture age and of the medium in
      which treated cells were incubated after elimination of MNNG. We showed that KB
      cell sensitivity to the lethal effect of the drug decreased with time after
      seeding when the treated cells were post-incubated in drug-free medium
      conditioned by untreated cells of the same age as treated ones but not when they
      were post-incubated in fresh drug-free medium. This difference was due in part to
      the fact that the conditioned medium had acquired with time a protective activity
      for treated cells and in part to an increased competence of aging cells to be
      protected by this medium. By post-incubating treated stationary cells
      sequentially in both media, we showed that a brief (15 min) post-incubation of
      the cells in fresh medium was sufficient to trigger cell death even if the cells
      were afterwards transferred to conditioned medium. In contrast, long post
      incubation in fresh medium did not cause cell death if the cells were first post
      incubated in conditioned medium for about 3 h. We conclude that: the medium acted
      on cell sensitivity to the lethal effect of MNNG through its growth regulatory
      ability; quiescent cells were less sensitive to the drug than growing cells; the
      sensitive phase of the cell was located before S; cell hypersensitivity might be
      due to deficient repair of cellular lesions rather than to increased lesion
      formation.

PMID- 4053219
TI  - Peroxidase-mediated in vitro metabolism of diethylstilbestrol and structural
      analogs with different biological activities.
AB  - The comparative peroxidative metabolism of diethylstilbestrol (DES) and
      structurally related compounds of different biological activity was investigated
      in vitro with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a
      model peroxidase system: UV spectroscopy revealed the formation of p-quinone
      intermediates in HRP-H2O2 catalyzed incubations of DES, 3',3",5',5"-tetrafluoro
      DES (TF-DES) and dimethylstilbestrol (DMS) and the tautomerization of the
      quinones to their dien compounds, Z,Z-dienestrol (Z,Z-DIES), tetrafluoro
      dienestrol (TF-DIES) and dienmestrol (DIMS) respectively, which were
      characterized by HPLC and GC/MS. Z,Z-DIES, E,E-DIES, TF-DIES and DIMS were
      subject to further peroxidative metabolism; however, quinone intermediates were
      not formed in the HRP-H2O2 containing incubations according to UV spectroscopy.
      Similarly, hexestrol (HES), 4'-O-methyl-DES (M-DES) and 4',4"-O-dimethyl-DES (DM
      DES) did not form quinone intermediates; moreover, they showed little or no
      apparent metabolic conversion under conditions where DES, TF-DES and DMS were
      readily peroxidized. However, at a 20-fold higher peroxidase concentration HES
      and M-DES showed metabolic conversion whereas DM-DES did not.

PMID- 4053220
TI  - Interaction of antidepressant drugs with lipid bilayers studied by high
      resolution carbon-13 (13C-) and high-power deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance
      (2H-NMR) spectroscopy: the manner of binding as deduced from the differential
      line-broadening of 13C-NMR signals.

PMID- 4053221
TI  - Synthesis of thiaprostaglandin E1 derivatives.

PMID- 4053222
TI  - Studies on topical antiinflammatory corticosteroids. I. Syntheses and
      vasoconstrictive activities of 11 beta,17 alpha,21-trihydroxy-6 alpha-methyl-1,4
      pregnadiene-3,20-dione 17-ester and 17,21-diester derivatives.

PMID- 4053223
TI  - Studies on secretin. II. Synthesis of secretin with high activity.

PMID- 4053224
TI  - Studies on secretin. III. Purification of porcine secretin by high performance
      liquid chromatography and comparison of the product with synthetic secretin.

PMID- 4053225
TI  - Studies on the activities of tannins and related compounds from medicinal plants
      and drugs. VII. Effects of extracts of leaves of Artemisia species, and caffeic
      acid and chlorogenic acid on lipid metabolic injury in rats fed peroxidized oil.

PMID- 4053226
TI  - Glutathione S-transferases in rat extrahepatic tissues: immunologic relation to
      hepatic neutral glutathione S-transferase in the diethylaminoethyl-cellulose
      bound fraction.

PMID- 4053227
TI  - Studies on biological activities of melanin from marine animals. III. Inhibitory
      effect of SM II (low molecular weight melanoprotein from squid) on phenylbutazone
      induced ulceration in gastric mucosa in rats, and its mechanism of action.

PMID- 4053228
TI  - Studies on biological activities of melanin from marine animals. IV. Influence of
      Fr. SM II (squid melanin) on a high molecular glycoprotein (peak I) level in rat
      gastric mucosa, and properties of peak I as a gastric mucosal defensive factor.

PMID- 4053229
TI  - Kinetics of degradation of cinnarizine in aqueous solution.

PMID- 4053230
TI  - A kinetic study on the isothermal transition of polymorphic forms of tolbutamide
      and mefenamic acid in the solid state at high temperatures.

PMID- 4053231
TI  - Effect of beta-cyclodextrin on the degradation rate of cinnarizine in aqueous
      solution.

PMID- 4053232
TI  - Selective adsorption by activated charcoal preparations for adsorbates of medical
      interest ranging in molecular weight from about 100 to 800.

PMID- 4053233
TI  - Effect of crystallinity on the percutaneous absorption of corticosteroid. II.
      Chemical activity and biological activity.

PMID- 4053235
TI  - Preparation of a prolonged release tablet of aspirin with chitosan.

PMID- 4053234
TI  - Physicochemical properties of amphoteric beta-lactam antibiotics. IV. First- and
      second-order degradations of cefaclor and cefatrizine in aqueous solution and
      kinetic interpretation of the intestinal absorption and degradation of the
      concentrated antibiotics.

PMID- 4053236
TI  - Chemical modification of the amide group of rifamycin S.

PMID- 4053237
TI  - Amino acids and peptides. V. Synthesis of amino acid derivatives containing a
      sulfonamide bond.

PMID- 4053238
TI  - Spectrofluorometric determination of FUT-175 (nafamstat mesilate) in blood based
      on trypsin-inhibitory activity.

PMID- 4053239
TI  - Comparison of water influx and sieving coefficient in rat jejunal, rectal and
      nasal absorptions of antipyrine.

PMID- 4053240
TI  - Comparative pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in awake and urethane-anesthetized
      rats.

PMID- 4053241
TI  - Hydrolysis of acetylsalicylsalicylic acid and salicylsalicylic acid in aqueous
      solution.

PMID- 4053242
TI  - Oxygen activation and olefin oxygenation by iron(III)porphyrin as a model of
      cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 4053243
TI  - Synthesis of covalently immobilized phospholipid analogues.
AB  - Cyclic 1-O-acyl-2-O-alkyl-glycero-3-phosphotriesters and 1-O-acyl-2-O-alkyl
      glycero-3-bromoethylphosphate with a free acyl moiety in position 1 of the
      glycerol backbone were synthesized. These phospholipid intermediates were
      covalently bound to AH-Sepharose via the carbodiimide method. After
      immobilization the corresponding phosphatidylethanolamine analogues were obtained
      by acid hydrolysis of the cyclic phosphotriesters and by direct amination of the
      bromoethylphosphate. Thus, in a short, stepwise synthesis including minimum use
      of protecting groups, a variety of immobilized phospholipid analogues are
      available as affinity adsorbents for the purification of enzymes related to
      phospholipid metabolism.

PMID- 4053244
TI  - [Villous adenoma of the duodenum].
AB  - The authors study the diagnostical problems, especially those involved in the
      preoperative diagnosis of malignancy, of four cases of duodenal villous adenoma.
      A more frequent use of endoscopy can allow the observation of this lesion in
      early stage, such as to ensure recovery through an intervention as scarcely
      demolishing as possible. However, surgeons plotting the strategy of operation
      should bear in mind the potential malignancy of duodenal villous adenoma.

PMID- 4053245
TI  - [Quantitative and functional assay of AT III in neoplastic pathology].
AB  - Our study compares the results obtained through the assay of AT III following two
      methods, the functional and the immunological one, carried out on plasma of 222
      patients affected with solid malignant neoplasia. The purpose of our research was
      to examine the behaviour of AT III, a protein having a peculiar function in the
      complex coagulation mechanism. At least among healthy people, this function was
      and is correlated to its blood concentration. All examined subjects suffered from
      solid malignant neoplasia either of the respiratory tract or gastro-intestinal
      tract or sexual organs or urinary tract. From our research patients with liver
      neoplasia diagnosis have been excluded since the cancer seat might have
      significant implications on the genesis of coagulation factors and therefore on
      AT III itself. The age of patients as well as controls - formed by 100 clinically
      healthy donors-ranged between 30 and 70. At the very beginning patients were
      divided into groups according to the basic pathology (cancer seat) but then,
      since no great differences were noted between the groups, all patients were
      examined irrespective of the type and seat of neoplasia. The followed methods
      are: a functional method which tends to measure the total AT III capacity assay
      acting in enzyme excess. S 2238 (Kabi) being the chromogene substratum used; an
      immunological method which tends to measure the molecule blood concentration
      taking advantage of its antigenic properties. While on one hand the obtained
      results have shown a good correlation between the two methods in controls i.c.
      healthy subjects, on the other hand a significant difference has been noted
      between the AT III activity and its blood concentration in non healthy subjects
      as if to prove the interference of neoplasia in the blood coagulation process. In
      the patients affected with neoplasia the functional as well as the quantitative
      aspect - which can be considered synonyms in healthy subjects being the one
      indicative of the other - show that the delicate balance on which the coagulation
      mechanism is based has been upset.

PMID- 4053246
TI  - [Primary retroperitoneal tumors (clinical findings in yolk sac tumor, vascular
      leiomyosarcoma and extraosseous chondrosarcoma)].
AB  - Primary retroperitoneal tumors (PRT) constitute about 0.02 per cent of all tumors
      examined in the Department of Pathology of our hospital. We report 3 cases of
      malignant PRT - yolk-sac tumour, vascular leiomyosarcoma and extraskeletal
      chondrosarcoma - selected for their histological rarity and clinical features.
      Recent techniques available for the diagnosis of these neoplasms and surgical
      treatment are discussed. The role of radio-chemotherapy is also dealt with.

PMID- 4053247
TI  - [Hemobilia caused by an intrahepatic aneurysm].
AB  - The authors describe one case of hemobilia for intrahepatic aneurysm treated
      successfully with the placement of Gianturco's stainless steel coil during
      hepatic arteriography.

PMID- 4053248
TI  - [Cholelithiasis and carcinoma of the colon].
AB  - It results cholelithiasis is very frequently associated to colorectal cancer.
      Clinical and autoptic studies thereabout result to be doubtful. In the present
      research, the Authors evaluated the proliferative activity of colonic mucous
      membrane, through the mitotic index, and the secretion of mucins, with
      histochemical methods, in control subjects and cholelithiasic patients. The
      results show no significant differences in both groups; the data obtained are
      discussed in the light of the importance of the biologic parameter considered in
      the evaluation of risk groups for colorectal neoplasms and, moreover, as
      morphologic support to the clinical question.

PMID- 4053249
TI  - [Is cholecystectomy a risk factor in the development of gastric neoplasms?].
AB  - Some studies suggest cholecystectomy and the cholelithiasic disease are
      frequently associated to some neoplasms of the digestive tract. Cholecystectomy,
      through the physiopathologic alterations it causes, seems to assume the role of
      factor of risk for the development of a gastric neoplasm. The authors reviewed
      their casuistry by analysing the percentages of subjects in whom the gastric
      neoplasm was associated to a previous cholecystectomy or a concomitant
      cholelithiasis. The data obtained do not support the hypothesis that
      cholecystectomy or the "lithogenicity of the biliary ducts" may be a factor of
      risk for gastric cancer.

PMID- 4053250
TI  - [Acute torsion of the greater omentum (presentation of 4 clinical cases and
      bibliographical notes)].
AB  - Authors present 4 cases of acute torsion of the greater omentum (2 cases primary,
      2 cases secondary. They analyze a short review of the literature and point of the
      rarity of this disease that, mimicking an acute appendicitis, make difficult
      right diagnosis before surgery.

PMID- 4053251
TI  - [Influence of osteoporosis on the morphology of proximal fractures of the femur].
AB  - The authors consider 100 cases of fractures of femur proximal third with the
      purpose to appraise the real relations existing between degree of osteoporosis
      and morphology of the fractures. The data obtained confirm the strict dependence
      of these two phenomena on each other.

PMID- 4053252
TI  - [Osseous hydatidosis: presentation of a rare localization and review of the
      bibliography].
AB  - The AA. present a rare case of osseus hydatidosis relapsed 27 years after the
      surgical treatment, located in the tibia and fibula, where the near soft tissue
      as well as the S.P.E. were involved. A critical revision of the bibliography is
      presented.

PMID- 4053253
TI  - [Judet's arthromyolysis. Evaluation of long-term results].
AB  - The Authors, after shortly summarizing the evolution in the treatment of knee
      post-traumatic stiffness , punctualize its indications, and remember Judet's
      operative technique. Then they show a casuistry of 26 patients checked again at
      an average interval of 7 years after operation, from which one can understand the
      goodness of the results obtained, and, above all, their duration through the
      time.

PMID- 4053254
TI  - [Review of 41 cases of surgically treated acromioclavicular dislocations].
AB  - The authors have examined the follow-up of 41 cases of acromio- clavicular
      dislocation, treated by internal fixation. Statistics show a very good end
      result.

PMID- 4053255
TI  - [Parallelism of L5-S1 in the radiological diagnosis of lumbar disk hernia].
AB  - The authors show a study about the measuring of L5-S1 angle in 100 patients with
      diagnosis of L5-S1 discal prolapse, confirmed by the interoperative report. The
      value of the angle, in 72% of cases, resulted equal to, or lower than 10, with an
      aggregate average of 9.45.

PMID- 4053256
TI  - [Use of the external fixator in the treatment of recent fractures of the leg].
AB  - The authors show 30 cases of recent tibial fractures treated by external
      fixation. They study the different types of fractures, the models of external
      fixation employed, the complications occurring during the treatment and the
      ultimate results obtained.

PMID- 4053257
TI  - A triplanar electrogoniometer investigation of running mechanics in runners with
      compensatory overpronation.
AB  - Selected temporal events and associated kinematic parameters were studied about
      the knee and ankle during running using the C.A.R.S. -U.B.C. Triplanar
      Electrogoniometer, with and without corrective running orthotic devices (CRODs),
      in ten male runners who displayed compensatory overpronation. Extension and
      flexion, internal and external rotation plus varus and valgus displacement were
      recorded at the knee joint, while plantar and dorsi flexion, adduction and
      abduction plus inversion and eversion were recorded at the foot. CRODs produced a
      significant decrease (p less than 0.03) in the total amount of foot eversion
      during the support phase of running. The maximum amounts of support phase foot
      dorsiflexion and abduction were not altered significantly by CRODs. CRODs
      produced a significant increase (p less than 0.03) in the amount of plantar
      flexion occurring after foot strike. The knee was not fully extended at foot
      strike and up to ten degrees of additional knee extension took place after foot
      strike, before knee flexion began. None of the absolute time intervals between
      the achievement of the maximum of the three components of pronation (ankle
      abduction, eversion and dorsiflexion) and maximum knee flexion or maximum knee
      internal rotation were significantly altered by CRODs: Significant differences
      were detected between the left and right legs for several parameters at both the
      knee and ankle, which the authors believe warrants the separate examination and
      treatment of each leg when CRODs are to be used to control compensatory
      overpronation.

PMID- 4053258
TI  - Physical and physiological characteristics of elite women volleyball players.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare various physical and performance
      characteristics of two elite groups of athletes, the 1980 U.S. Women's National
      Volleyball Team and the collegiate players who composed the 1979 U.S. Women's
      University Games Volleyball Team. The characteristics compared were age, height,
      weight, body composition determined via hydrostatic weighing, vertical jumping
      distance, vertical jumping height, maximal oxygen consumption, heart rate max and
      respiratory exchange ratio. Significant differences (p less than 0.05) in age (23
      +/- 2.6 yr. and 21.5 +/- 0.7 yr.), percent of body fat (11.7 +/- 3.7% and 18.3 +/
      3.4%), and vertical jumping distance (52.4 +/- 4.5 cm and 45.5 +/- 6.4 cm),
      between the two teams were demonstrated, with the National Team being
      significantly older, having a lower percentage of body fat and possessing a
      larger vertical jumping distance. These results indicate trainers of elite
      (national and international caliber) women volleyball players should consider
      including techniques to reduce percentage of body fat and increase vertical
      jumping distance.

PMID- 4053259
TI  - Physiological characteristics of elite male runners in and off-season.
AB  - The seasonal variation in physiological characteristics of elite male runners was
      studied. Five middle distance (mean age 21 yrs) and 5 long distance runners (23
      yrs), all members of the Swedish national track and field team, participated in
      treadmill tests on 4 occasions over a period of one year: in January, in May,
      during the highly competitive summer period and the following January. The
      maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max, ml X kg-1 X min-1) increased successively during
      the season and was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher during the summer than
      in the winter (74.2 to 77.4 ml X kg-1 X min-1). From the competitive summer
      period to the second winter the VO2 max (ml X kg-1 X min-1) showed a significant
      decrease. The absolute value of VO2 max (1/min) was not significantly changed
      during this one-year period, however. Running economy was evaluated from oxygen
      uptake determinations at 15 km/h (VO2 15) and 20 km/h (VO2 20). Slightly lower
      values of VO2 15 and VO2 20 were noted during the season, and after one year VO2
      20 was significantly decreased. Such an improvement in running economy with time
      was also found in a larger group of elite runners (n = 16) when determined from
      an average of 7 treadmill tests. The running velocity corresponding to a blood
      lactate concentration of 4 mmol/l increased from January to the summer season.
      The blood lactate concentration after exhaustion (VO2 max test) increased
      significantly from January to May.

PMID- 4053260
TI  - A comparison of 'anaerobic' components of O2 debt and the Wingate test.
AB  - This study compared measurements which were considered traditionally to reflect
      alactacid and lactacid components of anaerobic metabolism. Subjects (men (N = 9)
      and women (N = 5)) on one occasion performed an exhaustive cycle ergometer ride
      at VO2 max and had peak lactate and O2 debt (fast and slow components)
      determined. On a second occasion, they performed a Wingate test. All data were
      normalized for body weight. Very few correlations were found between O2 debt or
      peak lactate and the peak power, mean power and power decrease of the Wingate
      test. In particular, both peak lactate and the fast O2 debt component had low,
      nonsignificant correlations with either peak or mean power. The study failed to
      support the traditional assumptions that both tests are quantifying the same
      anaerobic energy systems.

PMID- 4053261
TI  - A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community.
AB  - The reliability and concurrent validity of a simple questionnaire to assess
      leisure time physical activity has been investigated on 306 self-selected healthy
      adults of both sexes (163 M; 143 F). Values of body fat (BF) and maximum oxygen
      intake (VO2 max) expressed as percentiles of appropriate age and sex categories
      were used as criteria of validity for the questionnaire. BF and VO2 max were
      predicted from the Durnin and Womersley skinfold equations, and the laboratory
      version of the Canadian Home Fitness Test respectively. The strongest correlation
      was between VO2 max (percentile) and reported strenuous exercise (r = 0.35). The
      optimum discriminant function for VO2 max was based on a combination of reported
      strenuous and light activity. This yielded a correct 2-way classification of 69%
      of the subjects. A combination of sweat-inducing and moderate exercise yielded a
      correct 2-way classification of BF for 66% of subjects. The reliability
      coefficients for the optimum discriminant functions classifying VO2 max and BF
      were 0.83 and 0.85 respectively. We conclude that this simple instrument has
      potential value for the assessment of leisure time exercise behavior, offering
      the possibility of examining changes in behavior following the implementation of
      health and physical fitness promotion programmes in the community.

PMID- 4053262
TI  - The effects of motivational interventions upon the exercise adherence of high and
      low self-motivated adults.
AB  - Two studies were carried out to investigate the utility of an interactionist
      approach to motivating involvement in an exercise program. In both studies the
      Self-Motivation Scale (Dishman, Ickes and Morgan, 1980) was used to classify
      program participants according to their level of self-motivation. Participants
      for each category were then assigned to experimental or control conditions. A
      decision balance-sheet technique was the treatment intervention in the first
      study while a structured social support intervention was implemented in the
      second study. In both cases, the motivational treatment resulted in an
      improvement in program attendance but there was no effect due to level of self
      motivation nor its interaction with the treatment. The results are interpreted as
      being consistent with a situationist perspective of behavior; however, the need
      for further research using an interactionist approach is emphasized. Implications
      for exercise practice are discussed.

PMID- 4053263
TI  - Athletes' assessment of the coach--the coach evaluation questionnaire.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to provide an assessment tool to judge coaching
      performance that was appropriate for completion by athletes. The questionnaire
      underwent a variety of developmental stages. In its final form, it contained 36
      items. The tool was shown to be a valid, reliable, and standardized
      questionnaire. It demonstrated discriminability and provoked honest, accurate
      responding in subjects. The test was capable of providing immediate feedback to
      coaches seeking information about athletes' perceptions of their coaching
      performance. Responses on the developed scale were weighted to reflect the
      desirability of the coaching characteristics of a good coach. The questionnaire
      provides a total score which can be interpreted by the coach as a measure of how
      much of an "ideal" coach exists in him/her.

PMID- 4053264
TI  - Regional targeting of bisantrene by directed intravascular precipitation.
AB  - Targeting of anticancer drugs to specific organs by directed intravascular
      precipitation was studied in calves using 9-10 anthracenedicarboxyaldehyde bis
      [(4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2-yl) hydrazone] dihydrochloride (Bisantrene), a
      clinically active anticancer drug with limited solubility at physiological pH.
      Rapid injection of Bisantrene in solution at pH 4.5 into the internal iliac
      artery resulted in concentrations of drug in the urinary bladder wall supplied by
      the artery that were more than 1000 times those in the same tissue following
      injection of the same dose of drug IV, the route of administration used
      clinically. Localization of the orange fluorescent drug to the ipsilateral
      bladder wall was easily seen. Fluorescence microscopy revealed deposits of drug
      along the walls of the arteriolar and capillary bed supplied by the artery into
      which it had been injected. Concentrations of drug in the systemic circulation
      and in tissues not supplied by the internal iliac artery used for drug injection
      were lower after intraarterial (IA) drug administration than after IV
      administration. Pathological studies of the tissues of calves sacrificed at
      intervals up to four weeks following rapid injection into the internal iliac
      artery of the same doses of Bisantrene used IV in cancer patients did not reveal
      evidence of extensive cytotoxicity to the infused organs.

PMID- 4053265
TI  - Evaluation of the nephrotoxicity of iproplatin (CHIP) in comparison to cisplatin
      by the measurement of urinary enzymes.
AB  - Levels of three enzymes, leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), N-acetyl-beta-D
      glucosaminidase (NAG), and beta-glucuronidase (BGA) were measured in the urine of
      patients receiving hematologically toxic doses of iproplatin (a) with or (b)
      without pretreatment hydration. The maximum post-treatment increases in the
      levels of each of the enzymes were compared between these two groups of patients.
      In addition, the maximum increases in urinary enzyme levels in iproplatin-treated
      patients were compared with those in patients treated with 40 mg/m2 cisplatin, a
      known nephrotoxic agent. Increases in LAP levels after cisplatin treatment in the
      periods studied are significantly higher than those after iproplatin treatment (P
      less than 0.05). No differences were found in the increases in BGA and NAG levels
      between iproplatin treatment and cisplatin treatment. No differences were found
      in the increases in levels of any of the enzymes between patients receiving
      iproplatin with pretreatment hydration and no prior hydration.

PMID- 4053266
TI  - In vitro evaluation of anticancer drugs in relation to development of drug
      resistance in the human tumor clonogenic assay.
AB  - The efficacy of anticancer drugs against ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and
      colorectal cancer has been evaluated in vitro by the human tumor clonogenic assay
      developed by Hamburger and Salmon. The in vitro colony assay method used in this
      study is a minor modification of their method and was used in 83 patients with
      ovarian cancer, 47 patients with breast cancer, and 13 patients with colorectal
      cancer. The total numbers of assays performed in vitro were 258 for ovarian
      cancer, 87 for breast cancer, and 38 for colorectal cancer. The average
      chemosensitivity rates to single agents tested were 35% and 32% in the untreated
      patients with ovarian and breast cancer, respectively. In contrast to this
      result, the chemosensitivity rate of the untreated patients with colorectal
      cancer was only 16%. Consisting the clinical efficacy of anticancer drugs against
      these tumors, these results suggest that there is a correlation between
      chemosensitivity in the human tumor clonogenic assay and clinical responsiveness.
      In this assay the chemosensitivity in specimens from ovarian cancer patients who
      had had prior chemotherapy was significantly lower than in those from
      nonpretreated patients (P less than 0.05). This seems to indicate the development
      of drug resistance after treatment with anticancer drugs. These results suggest
      that the human tumor clonogenic assay is a useful tool for the evaluation of
      antitumor effects of drugs in vitro.

PMID- 4053267
TI  - A low density lipoprotein-methotrexate covalent complex and its activity against
      L1210 cells in vitro.
AB  - Low-density lipoprotein particles are potential drug carriers, but only
      lipophilic drug species partition into the core of the system. In this paper the
      polar drug methotrexate has been coupled to the exterior protein of low density
      lipoprotein (LDL) particles using the reagent 1-ethyl-3(3'-dimethylaminopropyl)
      carbodiimide HCl. The coupled system was sized by photon correlation spectroscopy
      and the in vitro activity of the complex determined against L1210 cells
      maintained in medium supplemented with fetal calf serum. The reaction between
      methotrexate and low density lipoprotein is variable but quantifiable, about ten
      drug molecules being attached to each LDL particle, resulting in an increase in
      the radius and polydispersity of the particles. The activity of the complex
      against L1210 murine leukaemia cells has been demonstrated in vitro, but it is 30
      times less active than free drug.

PMID- 4053268
TI  - Protective effect of testosterone or 5 beta-dihydrotestosterone pretreatment on
      CFU-E numbers in busulfan-treated rabbits.
AB  - Busulfan is known to damage hematological stem cells. On the other hand, numerous
      steroid hormones have a stimulating effect on hematopoiesis. We wished to find
      out whether steroids have a protective effect on hematopoiesis in the case of
      busulfan treatment. This possibility was tested in vitro in rabbit bone marrow
      cultures, with and without in vivo pretreatment, with regard to erythropoiesis.
      The stimulating effect of testosterone or 5 beta-dihydrotestosterone on the CFU-E
      number in rabbit bone marrow cultures was blocked in the presence of busulfan.
      When rabbits were pretreated with either steroid before the administration of
      busulfan, however, the reduction of the CFU-E number seen after busulfan therapy
      alone was compensated. These results indicate that testosterone and the
      nonandrogenic 5 beta-dihydrotestosterone provide some protective effect on
      erythroid precursor cells when administered with reference to the cell-cycle
      dependent action of busulfan.

PMID- 4053269
TI  - A phase II study of ifosfamide in children with recurrent solid tumours.
AB  - Twenty children with recurrent or unresponsive tumours (10 Wilms', 3
      rhabdomyosarcoma, 4 Ewings's, 1 osteosarcoma, 1 hepatoblastoma, 1 hepatoma) and
      one untreated patient with renal carcinoma were given ifosfamide as a 24-h
      infusion (5 mg/m2), with mesna as uroprotective. The number of courses ranged
      from 1 to 13 (median 3), and the interval between them was 2-3 weeks. Sixteen of
      these patients had previously received cyclophosphamide. Complete clinical
      responses were seen in 3 cases (2 Wilms' and 1 Ewing's) and lasted 5, 7, and 9
      months. Partial responses were seen in 3 instances, mixed response or stable
      disease in 4, and progressive disease in 11. Treatment was well tolerated in most
      patients, with no cystitis or severe myelosuppression, but 2 children developed
      transient neurological symptoms and 1 became hypertensive. Nausea and vomiting
      were controlled by high-dose dexamethasone in most children. Plasma ifosfamide
      levels were estimated by means of gas-liquid chromatography in 10 patients. Peak
      concentrations ranged from 38 to 125 micrograms/ml (median 80). The elimination
      half-life, at 2.5-5.2 h (median 3.2) was shorter than previously reported in
      adults. Future studies should test the possibility that ifosfamide-containing
      combination chemotherapy may be more effective than the regimens, usually
      including cyclophosphamide, that are currently used as front-line treatment of
      embryonal and Ewing's sarcoma.

PMID- 4053270
TI  - High dose melphalan in children with advanced malignant disease. A
      pharmacokinetic study.
AB  - Nine children with poor-prognosis malignancies--seven with advanced neuroblastoma
      and two with metastatic Ewing's sarcoma--were given high doses of melphalan
      (HDM), 150 mg/m2 (3 patients) and 180 mg/m2 (6 patients), as a 'late
      intensification' agent combined with noncryopreserved autologous bone marrow
      transplants. Melphalan levels in the plasma decreased biphasically, with mean
      half-lives of 6.6 min and 3.0 h. At the time of marrow reinfusion (12-21 h after
      HDM) the melphalan plasma level was generally below 0.1 microgram/ml. The renal
      contribution to melphalan clearance was low, a mean of 5.8% of the injected dose
      being found in patients' urine over the 12 h following HDM administration. No
      significant difference was seen in pharmacokinetic parameters between patients
      undergoing and not undergoing forced diuresis.

PMID- 4053272
TI  - Nonlinear renal clearance of ultrafilterable platinum in patients treated with
      cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II).
AB  - Nonlinear renal clearance of ultrafilterable platinum was observed in 5 of 7
      patients given cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) in doses of 50-140 mg/m2 by
      short-term infusion (2 h). Average renal clearance determined during and 24 h
      after infusion ranged from 100 to 543 ml/min and always exceeded creatinine
      clearance, suggesting that ultrafilterable platinum was renally secreted.
      Saturable tubular reabsorption was postulated on the basis that renal clearance
      was highest at peak plasma and urinary levels and fell as the levels declined.
      Although an overall relationship between dose and renal clearance was not
      apparent, one patient receiving the highest dose (140 mg/m2) had elevated average
      renal clearance (485 ml/min), probably associated with saturation of
      reabsorption, whereas a patient receiving 50 mg/m2 had the lowest average renal
      clearance (100 ml/min), indicating that either active secretion was lower, or
      tubular reabsorption was saturated. One patient also showed urine-flow-dependent
      changes in renal clearance. Four patients had transient rises in ultrafilterable
      platinum levels, which were attributed to changes in renal tubular reabsorption.
      The results suggest that renal clearance of ultrafilterable platinum is probably
      dependent on cis-DDP dose, urine flow rate, and individual variability in the
      extent of active secretion and tubular reabsorption. A sensitive HPLC method was
      applied and ultrafilterable platinum was detected in the plasma of all patients
      24 h after infusion. Renal tubular reabsorption may result in prolonged plasma
      levels of ultrafilterable platinum, which could contribute to the drug's
      antitumour effect.

PMID- 4053271
TI  - Comparison of serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of methotrexate in man during
      high-dose chemotherapy for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
AB  - The relationship between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of methotrexate
      was studied in five patients, four with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and one
      with mixed epithelial mesothelial tumour, who were treated with high-dose
      methotrexate (1.5 g/m2) as part of combination chemotherapy. Cerebrospinal fluid
      was sampled for 24 h via a permanent indwelling lumbar catheter. No complications
      were observed with this technique. In two patients with central nervous system
      involvement adequate "cytotoxic" levels (greater than 10(-6) M) were obtained for
      greater than 12 h. The remaining three patients, with no direct evidence of
      central nervous system involvement, never attained adequate cytotoxic
      methotrexate levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Serum levels were therapeutic in
      all patients. These results suggest that patients with central nervous system
      tumour involvement may receive adequate doses of methotrexate in the
      cerebrospinal fluid. Patients with occult central nervous system tumour
      involvement may not attain adequate cerebrospinal fluid levels. A 24-h serum
      methotrexate level of greater than 10(-5) M may indicate that patients have
      achieved therapeutic cerebrospinal fluid levels of methotrexate. Cranial
      irradiation following chemotherapy is still recommended in this tumour group
      until adequate cytotoxic levels of methotrexate can be obtained in all patients
      for prolonged periods.

PMID- 4053273
TI  - Platinum concentration in human tumors of head and neck, uterine cervix, and
      breast following treatment with cisplatin.
AB  - Intratumoral platinum concentrations were measured in three tumor sites (head and
      neck, uterine cervix, and breast) 48 h after cisplatin administration according
      to the same protocol. The platinum levels were in the same order of magnitude in
      all tumors, but the concentration in breast tumors was found to be higher than
      that in tumors of the head and neck and of the uterine cervix.

PMID- 4053274
TI  - Metabolism and tissue distribution of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in the
      marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus).
AB  - Three male marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) were injected i.v. with the
      tobacco-specific carcinogen [2'-14C]N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) (20.3 mumol/kg
      body weight) or [carbonyl-14C]4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
      (NNK) (18.8 or 420 mumol/kg body weight). They were sacrificed 4 h later. Tissue
      distribution was studied in two monkeys by whole-body autoradiography and by
      computer-assisted densitometric analysis of the autoradiograms. The
      autoradiograms showed a high level of radioactivity in the liver, nasal mucosa,
      kidneys, melanin of the eyes, hair-follicles of the skin and in the ceruminous
      ear glands of the monkeys. Total level of radioactivity was 5.7 times higher in
      the liver of the [carbonyl-14C]NNK-injected monkey than in that of [2'-14C]-NNN
      injected monkey. Washing the sections with trichloroacetic acid and organic
      solvents selectively removed free metabolites leaving metabolites bound to
      cellular macromolecules. Level of bound metabolites was 1.5 times higher in the
      nasal mucosa than in the liver of the [2'-14C]NNN monkey. Levels of bound
      metabolites were similar in the liver of NNN- and NNK-treated monkeys. The
      results indicate that the liver and nasal mucosa of C. jacchus can activate NNN
      and NNK to alkylating species. Unbound metabolites present in the liver, lung,
      kidneys, eye, blood and urine were extracted and separated by h.p.l.c.
      Hydroxylation of the carbons alpha to the N-nitroso group of NNN were the major
      metabolic pathways. Unmetabolized NNN was the major radioactive component in the
      liver, lung, eye and blood. Reduction of the carbonyl of NNK yields 4
      (methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)butan-1-ol (NNAl). NNAl was present in all
      tissues analyzed and was the major radioactive component in the eye and stomach
      lumen. It was also excreted in the urine. NNK and NNAl were metabolized by alpha
      carbon hydroxylation. These results suggest that in C. jacchus, NNN, NNK and NNAl
      are activated to alkylating species by alpha-carbon hydroxylation. In the third
      monkey injected with NNK, DNA methylation was observed in the liver and nasal
      mucosa but not in the lung and kidneys. Pulmonary tissues of C. jacchus, unlike
      those of F344 rats, do not have the enzymic capacities to activate NNK to
      methylating species.

PMID- 4053275
TI  - Fluoro-substituted N-nitrosamines. 8. N-Nitrosodibutylamine and omega-fluorinated
      analogues: in vivo metabolism in relation to the induction of urinary bladder
      cancer in the rat.
AB  - Urinary excretion of N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) and of two omega-fluorinated
      analogues [N-nitroso-4,4,4-trifluorobutyl-butylamine, NDBA-F3; N-nitroso
      bis(4,4,4-trifluorobutyl)-amine, NDBA-F6] was studied in male Sprague-Dawley (SD)
      rats. After oral application of equimolar doses (0.44 and 1.32 mmol/kg body wt.)
      urines were collected (48 h) and analyzed for parent compounds, and for
      nitrosamine metabolites by gas chromatography/Thermal Energy Analyzer (GC/TEA)
      and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). After administration of NDBA
      the known major metabolites N-nitroso-3- hydroxybutylbutylamine (3-OH-NDBA) and N
      nitroso-3-carboxypropylbutylamine (BCPN) were excreted in urine. After
      application of the omega-fluorinated analogue NDBA-F6, however, urinary and
      biliary nitrosamine metabolites were detected only in trace amounts. This finding
      demonstrates a strong inhibitory effect of fluorine substitution on oxidations at
      omega, (omega-1) and beta-positions. Confirmation of this inhibitory effect of
      omega-fluorine substitution is given from the excretion profiles of NDBA-F3 which
      shows metabolic oxidations only at the nonfluorinated chain: N-nitroso-3
      hydroxybutyl-4,4,4-trifluorobutylamine (3-OH-NDBA-F3) and N-nitroso-3
      carboxypropyl-4,4,4-trifluorobutylamine (BCPN-F3) were excreted as main
      metabolites. Our results on metabolism together with the available data on
      carcinogenicity of the compounds in the rat strongly support the hypothesis that
      omega-oxidation of one butyl-chain is a prerequisite for the induction of urinary
      bladder tumors with NDBA. For the induction of liver tumors, alpha-C
      hydroxylation appears to be the crucial event.

PMID- 4053276
TI  - Genetic and molecular mechanisms of the in vitro transformation of Syrian hamster
      embryo cells by the carcinogen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea. I. Correlation of
      morphological transformation and enhanced fibrinolytic activity to gene mutation,
      chromosomal alterations and lethality.
AB  - The role of chromosomal alterations, as opposed to gene mutations, in the origin
      of early stages of the in vitro transformation of Syrian hamster embryo (SHE)
      cells was investigated. For that purpose we compared the rates at which SHE cells
      recover from potential tumorigenic, mutagenic, clastogenic and cytotoxic damage
      if they are held in confluence in low serum medium for 3 or 6 days following a
      single treatment of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) before the cells are allowed to
      divide and to express this damage. The results show: (i) that frequencies of gene
      mutations remain constant; (ii) frequencies of sister chromatid exchange (SCE)
      and cytotoxicity decrease with very similar kinetics; and (iii) frequencies of
      chromatid aberrations and micronuclei decrease rapidly in the first 3 days, but
      slowly or not at all between days 3 and 6. Thus, all the mutational damage and a
      small fraction of the clastogenic damage still persist after 6 days confluent
      holding. From the two early stages of in vitro transformation studied,
      morphological transformation and enhanced fibrinolytic activity, the former shows
      similar kinetic behaviour as chromatid aberrations and micronuclei, whereas the
      kinetics of the latter correspond with those of gene mutations. Neither is
      correlated to SCE or cytotoxicity. Our results suggest that chromosomal
      alterations can play a major role in induction of morphological transformation of
      SHE cells. Insofar as enhanced fibrinolytic activity is due to a genetic change,
      gene mutations can be responsible. Our observations further indicate that
      different types of ENU-induced DNA lesions are involved in gene mutations, SCE
      and cytotoxicity, and clastogenic damage. We have reported the results of
      experiments analysing these relationships in another paper.

PMID- 4053277
TI  - Genetic and molecular mechanisms of the in vitro transformation of Syrian hamster
      embryo cells by the carcinogen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea II. Correlation of
      morphological transformation, enhanced fibrinolytic activity, gene mutations,
      chromosomal alterations and lethality to specific carcinogen-induced DNA lesions.
AB  - The stability of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced DNA damage in Syrian hamster
      embryo (SHE) cells was determined to study correlations with ENU-induced mutation
      and transformation. Confluent cultures were treated with ENU and after 0, 3 or 6
      days holding in low serum medium to inhibit cell proliferation, the extent of
      ethylation at different sites in the DNA was determined with h.p.l.c. The amounts
      of dTp(Et)dT-triester, and O4- and O2-EtThy remained constant during the 6-day
      period. O6-EtGua slowly decreased (t1/2: 14 days); the initial level was lower
      than expected from in vitro data, suggesting that Syrian hamster embryo cells
      contain alkyl transferase. Evidence for active removal was also obtained in the
      case of 7-EtGua (t1/2: 59 h), O2-EtCyt (t1/2: 96 h) and possibly 3-EtGua (t1/2:
      102 h). As expected, the promutagenic O6-EtGua was found to correlate with gene
      mutations. In addition, however, we have found that the likewise promutagenic O4-
      and O2-EtThy also correlate with gene mutations. Furthermore, our data suggest
      that sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and cytotoxicity (clonal survival) have a
      similar molecular basis. Both correlate with O2-EtCyt and 3-EtGua which are
      located in the narrow groove and are therefore expected to block DNA replication.
      Chromatid aberrations and micronuclei could not be correlated to specific DNA
      lesions, but were found to correlate mainly to N-ethylations. The same holds for
      morphological transformation, but in this case there is also a small contribution
      of DNA O-ethylation. In contrast, enhanced fibrinolytic activity did correlate
      only with stable O-ethylations, including O6-EtGua.

PMID- 4053278
TI  - Comparative chronic toxicities and carcinogenic potentials of 2-ethylhexyl
      containing compounds in rats and mice.
AB  - Four compounds containing a 2-ethylhexyl moiety [di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
      (DEHP), di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (DEHA), tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate (TEHP), and 2
      ethylhexyl sulfate (EHS)] were tested for carcinogenic and other chronic and
      subchronic toxic effects in 90-day and 2-year studies in male and female Fischer
      344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. The low generalized toxic potencies of the test
      chemicals allowed relatively high doses of all of these compounds to be
      administered. Despite differences in chemical structure, all four chemicals were
      related to increased occurrences of hepatocellular neoplasms, principally
      carcinomas, in female mice. DEHA and DEHP also induced hepatocellular neoplasms
      in male mice, while DEHP caused hepatocellular neoplasms in both male and female
      rats. No other neoplasms were considered to be unequivocally related to compound
      administration in these studies. There was a positive correlation between the
      magnitude of the hepatocarcinogenic response in female mice and the probability
      of a hepatocarcinogenic response in male mice and in male and female rats,
      suggesting quantitative differences in the carcinogenic potentials of these
      agents. These results suggest that compounds containing a 2-ethylhexyl moiety
      (and 2-ethylhexanol, by implication) may possess some carcinogenic potential,
      especially for the rodent liver. No other organ-specific toxic effects common to
      two or more test chemicals were observed in these studies.

PMID- 4053279
TI  - The role of oral nitrate in the nitrosation of [14C]proline by conventional
      microflora and germ-free rats.
AB  - The urinary excretion of N-nitroso-L-[U-14C]proline by conventional microflora
      and germ free rats was used to assess the role of the gut bacteria and oral
      nitrate in the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds. The formation of
      nitrosoproline was qualitatively similar in conventional and germfree rats
      (equivalent to nitrosation of approximately 0.01-0.05% of the initial dose of [U
      14C]proline) suggesting no involvement of the intestinal flora in this reaction.
      Furthermore, nitrosamino acid production was similar following the administration
      of nitrate and [U-14C]proline or [U-14C]proline alone, demonstrating no
      involvement of exogenous nitrate under the conditions of the experiment. Dietary
      contamination with nitrate/nitrite was negligible. The results are consistent
      with the suggestion that nitrate/nitrite reserves in the body are important in
      the formation of nitrosoproline in vivo.

PMID- 4053280
TI  - Dose and schedule of oral retinoic acid and indomethacin needed to effectively
      inhibit phorbol ester-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity.
AB  - Currently there is no well-defined biological parameter or marker to help define
      agents, doses, and dose schedules for human cancer chemoprevention trials.
      Induction of ornithine decarboxylase, the rate limiting enzyme in the polyamine
      biosynthetic pathway, has been shown to be an essential aspect of mouse skin
      tumor promotion. Supplementary information suggest that this enzyme is an
      important aspect of carcinogenesis in other organ systems and in other animals
      (including humans). We have developed an assay system which effectively measured
      tumor promoter (TPA)-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity on 3-4 mm skin
      samples from mice and humans. Using this system we evaluated the doses and dose
      schedules of retinoic acid and indomethacin needed to effectively inhibit
      ornithine decarboxylase activity. Our data suggest that the doses and schedules
      of these compounds needed to inhibit ornithine decarboxylase activity would be
      toxic in humans.

PMID- 4053281
TI  - Extent of formation of O4-methylthymidine in calf thymus DNA methylated by N
      methyl-N-nitrosourea and lack of repair of this product by rat liver O6
      alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase.
AB  - Calf thymus DNA was methylated by reaction with N-[3H]-methyl-N-nitrosourea and
      the content of O6-methyldeoxyguanosine, 3-methylthymidine and O4-methylthymidine
      was determined. It was found that O4-methylthymidine represented only 0.06 +/-
      0.02% of the total methylation and that the ratio of O6-methyldeoxyguanosine:O4
      methylthymidine was 126 +/- 31. 3-Methylthymidine represented only 0.05 +/- 0.01%
      of the total radioactivity and the ratio of O6-methyldeoxyguanosine:3
      methylthymidine was 171 +/- 16. The ability of O6-alkylguanine-DNA
      alkyltransferases from Escherichia coli and from rat liver to repair O4
      methylthymidine was determined using this methylated DNA as a substrate. When the
      methylated DNA substrate was incubated with an excess of either of the O6
      alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferases greater than 95% of the O6
      methyldeoxyguanosine was removed. The E. coli O6-alkylguanine-DNA
      alkyltransferase also removed 89% of the O4-methylthymidine but the rat liver
      alkyltransferase did not alter the content of O4-methylthymidine. These results
      indicate that the mammalian O6-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase is specific for
      O6-methylguanine and differs from the bacterial protein in that it does not
      demethylate O4-methylthymine at any significant rate. This shows that the rat O6
      alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase is not able to protect against the possible
      hazards of the promutagenic lesion, O4-methylthymidine, but the very low extent
      of formation of this product may limit its significance in carcinogenesis and
      mutagenesis.

PMID- 4053282
TI  - Long-term cytogenetic follow-up study of patients with uveitis treated with
      chlorambucil.
AB  - We have studied the long-term effects of chlorambucil treatment on the
      chromosomes of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with uveitis. Amounts
      of chromosome damage (breaks and rearrangements) were found to vary between
      individuals, but tended to increase with the cumulative dose. Some patients were
      found to have persistently high levels of chromosome damage many years after
      treatment had been completed.

PMID- 4053283
TI  - Survival curves and incidence of neoplastic and non-neoplastic disease in SENCAR
      mice.
AB  - The survival curves and the incidence of spontaneous diseases were studied in a
      population of SENCAR mice, a stock derived by a selected breeding protocol for
      enhanced susceptibility to chemical carcinogenesis in the skin. SENCAR mice
      proved to be as long-lived as other mouse strains or stocks, including one of
      their parental lines, Charles River CD-1. The most frequently occurring
      neoplasias in SENCAR mice were lymphoma, myeloid leukemia and reticulum cell
      sarcoma. Other frequently occurring neoplastic diseases included lung adenomas
      and carcinoma and mammary gland carcinoma. However, the incidence of these tumors
      was not higher than the incidence in CD-1 mice or other mouse strains or stocks.
      A variety of non-neoplastic diseases, both inflammatory and degenerative, were
      also observed in old mice. The most common were liver, spleen and kidney
      amyloidosis, pyelonephritis and papillary necrosis. These data indicate that
      selective breeding for susceptibility to chemical carcinogenesis has not produced
      a concomitant increase in the incidence of spontaneous neoplastic and non
      neoplastic disease.

PMID- 4053284
TI  - An examination of the DNA damaging and repair inhibitory capacity of phorbol
      myristate acetate in human diploid fibroblasts.
AB  - The effects of the tumor promoter, phorbol myristate acetate (TPA) on DNA and DNA
      repair in human diploid fibroblasts was investigated. TPA induced detectable DNA
      single-strand breaks at doses as low as 1.3 microM using a sensitive nick
      translation assay and at doses as low as 40 microM using alkaline sucrose
      velocity sedimentation analysis. This report provides the first indication of TPA
      induced DNA damage in any cell other than a leucocyte. Experiments utilizing
      enhancers or inhibitors of active oxygen generation suggest that the DNA damage
      is related to free radical formation. In addition, we have investigated the
      effects of TPA on survival following u.v.-irradiation and on removal of
      pyrimidine dimers from cellular DNA and find no indication of enhancement of u.v.
      sensitivity or inhibition of normal DNA repair processes in these cells. In fact,
      TPA treatment enhances colony-forming ability of u.v.-irradiated, but not
      unirradiated cells.

PMID- 4053285
TI  - Formation of the cyclic 1,N2-glyoxal-deoxyguanosine adduct upon reaction of N
      nitroso-2-hydroxymorpholine with deoxyguanosine.
AB  - N-nitroso-2-hydroxymorpholine, a mutagenic metabolite of N-nitrosomorpholine and
      N-nitrosodiethanolamine, reacted with deoxyguanosine at pH 7, 37 degrees C, to
      give 3-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythropentofuranosyl)-6,7-dihydro-6,7-dihydr oxyimidazo-
      [1,2-a]purine-9(3H)one, which is also formed by reaction of deoxyguanosine with
      glyoxal. The results suggest that this adduct might be involved in DNA binding by
      N-nitrosomorpholine and N-nitrosodiethanolamine.

PMID- 4053286
TI  - Effect of increased intake of vitamin C on the mutagenic activity of gastric
      juice and intragastric concentrations of ascorbic acid.
AB  - Mutagenic activity, ascorbic acid levels and pH were measured in fasting gastric
      juice from eight patients given oral supplements of vitamin C (1 g qid X 7 days).
      Supplementation significantly reduced mutagenic activity and increased
      intragastric ascorbate levels without altering gastric pH. These results
      demonstrate for the first time the relation between intragastric ascorbate
      levels, mutagenic activity and oral supplements of vitamin C. The findings are
      discussed in relation to the possible chemoprevention of gastric cancer.

PMID- 4053287
TI  - Perspectives on intervention with young blind children.
AB  - Problems of early intervention with young blind children are analysed from a
      conceptual perspective. Mediation is linked to the unique developmental mode of
      blind children and the relationship illustrated through the analysis of some
      familiar problems in intervention.

PMID- 4053288
TI  - Mediating the environment: a case study approach.
AB  - Two case studies are presented as a means of examining aspects of mediating the
      environment for young blind children. Following the child's history, clinical
      observations are offered on each case. A general discussion highlights the
      salient requirements of mediation with children born blind.

PMID- 4053289
TI  - Comparative study of social and family correlates of children's behaviour
      ratings.
AB  - Using an random sample of first-time mothers the associations between their
      children's behaviour problems at three points in time are presented. A moderate
      to low correlation was obtained between the ages of 27 and 42 months. No
      correlation existed between 14 and 27 or 42 months. The relationships between
      behaviour problems and social and family factors at each age were also examined.
      These generally increased with the children's age and included maternal
      depression, lack of social contacts, poorer relationships and housing problems.
      It is tentatively suggested that the differing patterns of associations at the
      three ages might indicate a progression, with increasing age, towards a more
      difficult situation for the families.

PMID- 4053291
TI  - Sequential serum complement (C3) and immunoglobulin levels in shock/trauma
      patients developing acute fulminant systemic sepsis.
AB  - The complement system has been implicated in the physiopathology of septic shock.
      Since infection is a major cause of death in trauma patients, we examined daily
      serum C3 and immunoglobulin levels in all victims of major trauma during a 3
      month interval. Sixteen patients developed acute systemic sepsis 3-15 days after
      admission. For all variables the lowest values occurred shortly after hospital
      admission, during or just after fluid resuscitation. Thereafter, the serum C3 and
      immunoglobulin concentrations gradually returned to the normal ranges, despite
      the onset of fulminant systemic sepsis. Except for IgM, the occurrence of
      hypotension during sepsis did not affect the recovery patterns of the measured
      variables. In the five patients experiencing hypotension, serum IgM dropped
      transiently but resumed its normalization trend after the restoration of adequate
      perfusion pressure. In the three nonsurvivors there was no reduction in the serum
      C3 or immunoglobulin levels prior to death. These data do not support a role for
      C3 or the immunoglobulins in the pathogenesis of acute fulminant clinical sepsis.
      On the contrary, the behavior of these substances during severe sepsis is more
      consistent with protective host defense functions.

PMID- 4053290
TI  - The effects of diabetes mellitus on the school attendance and school achievement
      of adolescents.
AB  - This study examined the relationship between school absences and
      neuropsychological functioning in a group of adolescents who developed diabetes
      mellitus after the age of 5 years, and a demographically-similar group of non
      diabetic teenagers. The diabetic group missed significantly more school,
      performed more slowly on a series of visuomotor tasks, and obtained lower scores
      on tests of reading, spelling, and arithmetic achievement. Multiple regression
      analyses demonstrated that the cognitive measures were differentially affected by
      the demographic and school attendance variables. Achievement test performance was
      best predicted by measures of school attendance, whereas visuomotor test
      performance was best predicted by demographic characteristics (grade and sex).
      These results imply that the somewhat lower scores earned by many diabetic
      youngsters on tests of general knowledge may have a psychosocial basis.

PMID- 4053292
TI  - The influence of naloxone on regional hemodynamics in hemorrhaged rats.
AB  - Naloxone increases arterial pressure in hemorrhaged animals, but its effects on
      organ blood flows are not well established. We measured central and regional
      hemodynamics immediately before and 25 min or 55 min after hemorrhage in 33
      anesthetized rats. Fifteen minutes after the beginning of hemorrhage, animals
      received either vehicle (n = 17) or naloxone (n = 16), 10 mg/kg, intravenously.
      At 25 min, animals treated with naloxone had a greater blood flow to the left
      cerebral hemisphere than those receiving vehicle, but all other measurements were
      similar. At 55 min, the mean arterial pressure and heart rate were greater in
      animals treated with naloxone, but blood flow was increased to the spleen only.
      Vascular resistance values were greater in the gastrointestinal tract and less in
      the spleen in animals receiving naloxone. The data confirmed that, in
      anesthetized rats, naloxone increased mean arterial pressure and splenic blood
      flow and transiently increased cerebral blood flow, but other regional flows and
      cardiac output were similar to those in rats receiving vehicle only.

PMID- 4053293
TI  - Changes in ambient temperature alter the blood pressure response to endotoxin and
      the effectiveness of naloxone.
AB  - At room temperature, naloxone, a competitive opiate antagonist, ameliorates the
      hypotensive effect of endotoxin, suggesting that endotoxin increases the
      secretion of endogenous opioids that have a cardiodepressor action. It was
      previously observed in our laboratory that reducing the ambient temperature from
      24 degrees C to 19 degrees C blocked this protective effect of naloxone in dogs.
      This suggested that activation of peripheral cold receptors might also increase
      endogenous opioid activity and together with the opioid activity induced by
      endotoxin might be sufficient to override the competitive blockage by naloxone.
      In support of this, it was found in the present study that an increased dose of
      naloxone was effective at 19 degrees C. Studies done at 30 degrees C revealed
      that the hypotensive effect of endotoxin is inversely related to the ambient
      temperature, and naloxone is effective in low doses at the higher temperature.
      Core temperature was not altered significantly by the ambient temperatures used
      by naloxone, by endotoxin, or by any combination thereof. These findings suggest
      that, at least within moderate ranges, acute changes in ambient temperature
      induce inversely related changes in endogenous opioid activity, representing a
      specific thermal rather than a generalized stress response.

PMID- 4053294
TI  - Effect of methylprednisolone and of ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory
      agent, on bronchoalveolar inflammation following endotoxemia.
AB  - Septicemia by gram-negative organisms is a common cause of the adult respiratory
      distress syndrome (ARDS). The role of neutrophils in causing parenchymal lung
      damage in ARDS has recently been emphasized. A single intraperitoneal injection
      of Escherichia coli endotoxin in rats causes acute neutrophil alveolitis similar
      to that of ARDS. We studied the ability of pretreatment with either ibuprofen
      (IBU) or methylprednisolone (MP) to ablate directly the alveolar inflammatory
      response to endotoxin in the rat model. To compare the severity of inflammation,
      we quantified inflammatory cell recovery by whole lung lavage 24 hours after
      injection of endotoxin, the time point at which neutrophil alveolitis due to
      endotoxin is most intense. Pretreatment with a single dose of IBU 3.75 mg/kg
      prior to endotoxin injections was associated with a significant increase in the
      total number of inflammatory cells, and in both the percentage and the absolute
      number of neutrophils recovered from the lung, despite significantly decreasing
      the plasma level of thromboxane B2, which increased 10-fold after endotoxin.
      Paradoxically, IBU 30 mg/kg significantly decreased the intensity of neutrophil
      alveolitis. MP 30 mg/kg had no effect on recovery of inflammatory cells from the
      lung by bronchoalveolar lavage following endotoxin. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors
      such as ibuprofen may cause a dose-dependent biphasic effect on lung inflammation
      following endotoxin: enhancement of inflammation at a low dose and suppression of
      inflammation at a high dose.

PMID- 4053295
TI  - Protection from ischemic renal injury by fructose-1,6-diphosphate infusion in the
      rat.
AB  - Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) improves survival in experimental shock. To
      determine if FDP would protect against single organ damage, rats pretreated with
      an intravenous infusion of 5% FDP were subjected to 30 minutes of bilateral renal
      artery occlusion. Controls received an equal volume of a dextrose and sodium
      chloride solution. Renal function and histology were examined in all groups 24
      hours after the insult. Following ischemia, FDP-treated rats had inulin
      clearances (FDP 897 +/- 129 vs control 349 +/- 59 microliter/min/100 gm BW; P
      less than 0.01) and solute excretion rates (FDP 6,386 +/- 1,346 vs control 2,602
      +/- 396 mOsm/kg/min/100 gm BW; P less than 0.05) greater than control and not
      different (P-NS) from sham-operated rats. Renal histology was better preserved in
      the FDP-pretreated group. Thus, pretreatment with FDP provides histologic and
      functional protection from an ischemic renal insult.

PMID- 4053296
TI  - Studies on the site of the block in gluconeogenesis causing severe hypoglycemia
      in intestinal ischemia shock in rats.
AB  - Intestinal ischemia shock was induced by 35 to 40-min portal vein occlusion
      (PVO). After treatment with rat plasma a severe hypoglycemia ensues which is
      caused by a block in gluconeogenesis. This hypoglycemia is not affected by
      treatment with adrenaline, glucagon, nicotinadenine dinucleotide (NAD), adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP) alanine (A), or pyruvate (P), while fructose (F) and
      dihydroxyacetone (DHA) slightly increase the plasma glucose concentration. If F
      or DHA are combined with NAD a considerable hyperglycemic effect is observed, but
      NAD plus A or P is ineffective. A similar marked rise in plasma glucose is
      observed if F is combined with nicotinamide, adenylic acid, or histamine. NAD
      causes vasodilatation in the splanchnic area and an increased portal flow. It is
      concluded that the effect of NAD is the result of an increased uptake of suitable
      substrates of gluconeogenesis from the peritoneal cavity and/or an increased
      availability of these substrates to the liver. During the development of PVO
      shock, portal venous flow diminishes considerably. This reduced flow may be the
      result of vasoconstriction caused by the high level of plasma adrenaline.

PMID- 4053297
TI  - Effect of cardiotropic agents on the myocardial dysfunction of hyperdynamic
      sepsis.
AB  - We have previously shown that in vitro myocardial performance is impaired in rats
      during the hyperdynamic, hypermetabolic phase of sepsis. Although the heart in
      the resting animal generated an elevated cardiac output, the isolated, perfused
      heart showed a depressed ventricular function curve. In the present studies,
      interventions to improve contractile function (increased perfusate calcium
      concentration or perfusion with ouabain) or to decrease calcium availability to
      the myofibrils (verapamil and tetracaine) were investigated using the isolated
      perfused working heart. These studies showed that increasing or decreasing
      calcium concentration in the perfusion medium had little effect on ventricular
      performance in the septic group, whereas ouabain enhanced performance by
      approximately 25%. Addition of verapamil at a dose that caused a minimal decrease
      in myocardial work (cardiac output X peak systolic pressure) in control hearts
      showed a 20-25% increase in work in the experimental hearts. Increased levels of
      verapamil caused a greater depression in myocardial performance in the control
      hearts than in the hearts from septic rats. Thus, it appears that a multifaceted
      defect may be present in these hearts with a derangement that can be slightly
      improved with either ouabain or verapamil. Since neither intervention could
      completely reverse the myocardial dysfunction in hyperdynamic sepsis, it appears
      that the defect may be due to other factors in addition to calcium availability
      for contraction.

PMID- 4053298
TI  - Effects of scald injury on hepatic PO2, blood flow, and ultrastructure in the
      rat.
AB  - Stagnant hypoxia has been suggested as a significant factor underlying acute
      liver disease following thermal injury. To examine this possibility in
      circumstances of moderate scald injury, rats were dipped (15% body surface area)
      in 90-95 degrees C water for 25 sec, fluid resuscitated, and studied at 1, 6, and
      24 h. Hepatic PO2, obtained by multicathode surface measurement, was reduced
      significantly at 1 h (10.8 vs. 20.8 mm Hg in controls), although clearance times
      for low dose indocyanine green (ICG) suggested normal liver blood flow. The
      reduction of PO2 was transient; at 6 h levels were only slightly lower than in
      controls. At 24 h, however, liver PO2 was again reduced significantly, albeit
      less deeply (14.9 mm Hg). Increased clearance times for low and high dose ICG at
      24 h suggested impairment of both blood flow and hepatocyte function. Hepatic
      ultrastructure showed foci of cells with anomalous and degenerate mitochondria,
      atypical of those associated with hypoxia. Sinusoids were often occluded by
      aggregates of vesicles of hepatocyte origin. It is not clear that acute
      restriction of oxygen availability during the first hour postburn was of
      sufficient intensity to cause the liver pathology evident at 24 h.

PMID- 4053299
TI  - Lung fluid and protein flux during postoperative sepsis.
AB  - Pulmonary microvascular injury during sepsis after injury appears to be amplified
      with plasma fibronectin deficiency, but the degree of injury relative to the
      extent of sepsis has not been defined. We evaluated pulmonary vascular
      permeability in sheep as influenced by various levels of postoperative
      Pseudomonas sepsis during a period of plasma fibronectin deficiency. The
      hemodynamic response to Pseudomonas was very similar regardless of the intensity
      of septic challenge and characterized by systemic arterial hypotension, decreased
      cardiac output, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. In contrast, increased
      pulmonary microvascular permeability was observed with increments in the
      bacterial challenge. Thus, lung protein clearance (LPC) or so called pulmonary
      transvascular protein clearance (TPC) used as an index of lung vascular
      permeability was 9.1 +/- 1.9 ml/hr, 15.1 +/- 1.7 ml/hr, and 19.3 +/- 3.0 ml/hr 2
      hr after low (3 X 10(9) i.v.; 1 X 10(10) i.p.), medium (3 X 10(9) i.v.; 3 X
      10(10) i.p.), and high (5 X 10(9) i.v.; 5 X 10(10) i.p.) dose Pseudomonas
      challenges, respectively. Thus, the extent of the altered pulmonary microvascular
      integrity in sheep during sepsis after surgery in the presence of fibronectin
      deficiency is dependent on the degree of bacterial sepsis. In addition, infusion
      of cryoprecipitate was an effective means of reversing the plasma fibronectin
      deficiency. Accordingly, this may be used as a model to investigate the mechanism
      of altered lung fluid balance during postoperative septic shock and the effect of
      fibronectin on this response.

PMID- 4053300
TI  - Vasoactive parathyroid hormone in the treatment of acute ischemic left
      ventricular failure and the prevention of cardiogenic shock.
AB  - Molecular fragment 1-34 of synthetic bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH[1-34]) has
      been found to be a potent coronary vasodilator, a moderate systemic vasodilator,
      and a positive inotropic agent for the myocardium. On that basis, the hypothesis
      was tested that "vasoactive" PTH might be effective in the treatment of acute
      ischemic left ventricular failure (LVF) and the prevention of cardiogenic shock.
      Dogs whose sympathetic nerve activity was blocked by a combination of reserpine,
      propranolol, and chlorpromazine were anesthetized and subjected to open-chest
      occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) plus sequential
      ligation of three diagonal branches. In ten untreated animals (control group),
      acute myocardial ischemia led to LVF and, within 4 hours, to cardiogenic shock
      (50% or greater reduction in cardiac output; 30% or greater reduction in mean
      aortic pressure; elevation of left atrial pressure above 20 mm Hg; and
      significant elevation of arterial blood lactate concentration). At the end of 4
      hours, myocardial infarction measured by the incubation of transverse slices of
      the left ventricle in TTC solution represented 96 +/- 3% of the myocardium "at
      risk." In ten treated animals (experimental group), PTH(1-34) was administered
      intravenously, 1 U/kg/min, starting 30 minutes after coronary occlusion.
      Treatment improved left coronary blood flow from 55 +/- 5 to 120 +/- 11 ml/100 g
      LV/min, increased cardiac index from 72.5 +/- 7 to 117.5 +/- 12 ml/kg/min,
      reduced left atrial pressure from 27.5 +/- 2.5 to 15 +/- 2.5 mm Hg (all changes,
      P less than 0.005), sustained aortic pressure, and prevented the elevation of
      arterial blood lactate. At the end of 4 hours, myocardial infarction represented
      30 +/- 1.2% of the myocardium at risk (difference between the two groups
      significant, P less than 0.005). Thus, PTH(1-34) exerted a tissue-sparing effect
      on the myocardium, restored LV function, and prevented the development of shock.

PMID- 4053301
TI  - Effects of dopamine and dobutamine on hemodynamics and plasma catecholamine
      levels during severe lactic acid acidosis.
AB  - This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dopamine and dobutamine on
      hemodynamics and plasma catecholamine levels during experimental lactic acid
      acidosis in dogs. During the normal acid-base state (pH 7.4, PCO2 40 mm Hg),
      cardiac output and stroke volume were significantly increased and systemic
      vascular resistance was decreased by the infusion of dopamine or dobutamine 20
      mcg/kg/min. Dobutamine produced identical changes in cardiac output, stroke
      volume, and systemic vascular resistance even during severe lactic acid acidosis
      (pH 7.0, PCO2 40 mm Hg). Dopamine, however, failed to increase cardiac output and
      stroke volume and to decrease systemic vascular resistance during lactic
      acidosis. The plasma norepinephrine level was elevated from 0.49 to 3.01 ng/ml
      during normal acid-based state and from 1.76 to 9.53 ng/ml during severe lactic
      acid acidosis by the infusion of dopamine. Dobutamine infusion did not affect the
      plasma norepinephrine level during normal acid-base state but reduced the level
      during lactic acid acidosis. The marked increase in plasma norepinephrine
      following dopamine infusion may explain both the decrease in cardiac output and
      the increase in systemic vascular resistance in response to dopamine infusion
      during severe lactic acid acidosis. These results indicate that dobutamine may be
      more useful than dopamine in improving cardiac output during severe acidosis.

PMID- 4053302
TI  - Prostanoids in cortical subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid and pial arterial
      diameter in newborn pigs.
AB  - These studies were designed to investigate the relationship between cerebral
      prostanoid synthesis and pial arterial caliber in chloralose-anesthetized newborn
      pigs with normal blood gases and pH and during combined arterial hypoxia and
      hypercapnia. Piglets less than 5 days old were equipped with closed cranial
      windows to allow direct observation of pial vessels, application of prostaglandin
      E2, and sampling of cortical subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid. We found that
      prostanoids accumulate in cerebrospinal fluid on the cortical surface. The only
      prostanoid detected in arterial blood was 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha [442 +/-
      74 pg/ml (radioimmunoassay)]. Only small quantities of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1
      alpha (214 +/- 53 pg/ml) and thromboxane B2 (122 +/- 18 pg/ml) were found in
      cerebrospinal fluid from the cisterna magna. Higher concentrations of 6-keto
      prostaglandin F1 alpha (1056 +/- 159 pg/ml), thromboxane B2 (229 +/- 64 pg/ml),
      and prostaglandin E2 (4235 +/- 269 pg/ml) were found in cortical subarachnoid
      fluid. In contrast to arterial and cisternal concentrations, the concentrations
      of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, thromboxane B2, and prostaglandin E2 in
      cortical subarachnoid fluid were increased reversibly by ventilation with 9%
      carbon dioxide, 10% oxygen, (6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, 5436 +/- 1576 pg/ml;
      thromboxane B2, 694 +/- 122 pg/ml; and, prostaglandin E2, 12,455 +/- 3688 pg/ml).
      Further, pial arteries dilated in response to topical application of
      prostaglandin E2 at the concentration that was found in cortical subarachnoid
      fluid during combined hypoxia and hypercapnia. Systemic administration of
      indomethacin trihydrate (5 mg/kg) markedly reduced cortical subarachnoid fluid
      prostanoid concentrations and attenuated the pial artery vasodilation induced by
      combined hypoxia and hypercapnia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4053303
TI  - Hyperplastic growth response of vascular smooth muscle cells following induction
      of acute hypertension in rats by aortic coarctation.
AB  - This study examines the growth response of vascular smooth muscle cells following
      induction of acute hypertension in rats by partial ligation of the abdominal
      aorta between the renal arteries. Systolic blood pressures proximal to the
      ligature increased dramatically within 3 days (from 135 +/- 3 to 195 +/- 7 torr)
      of surgery while pressures distal to the ligature were reduced from control
      values. The frequency of smooth muscle cells undergoing DNA replication was
      increased 25-fold in thoracic aortas of coarctation rats compared to sham
      operated controls 9 days post-coarctation, while no differences were observed in
      cells in abdominal aortic segments 1 cm distal to the ligature. A small but
      significant increase in the frequency of tetraploid smooth muscle cells was
      observed in thoracic aortas of coarctation rats, but this increase accounted for
      less than 2% of the increase in medial DNA content. By far, the major growth
      response was hyperplasia, as evidenced by a 25% increase in thoracic aortic
      medial smooth muscle cell number without a change in mean cellular volume
      (micron3/cell) or mass (ng/cell). Whereas no evidence of endothelial denudation
      was observed in thoracic aortas of coarctation rats by scanning electron
      microscopy, endothelial cell turnover rates were increased 23-fold compared to
      controls, indicating that some form of endothelial "injury" or dysfunction was
      present. Consistent with this, morphological changes indicative of endothelial
      injury (e.g., subendothelial edema) were observed by light and transmission
      electron microscopy. The marked contrast between results of this study and our
      previous studies showing that aortic medial hypertrophy in spontaneously
      hypertensive and Goldblatt hypertensive rats was due to cellular hypertrophy and
      hyperploidy without hyperplasia, clearly demonstrates that the growth response of
      smooth muscle cells within a given blood vessel can be quite different, depending
      on the model of hypertension. It is suggested that a non-denuding form of
      endothelial "injury" may play an important role in the proliferative growth
      response of smooth muscle cells following induction of coarctation hypertension.

PMID- 4053304
TI  - Effect of alteration of left ventricular activation sequence on the left
      ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation in closed-chest dogs.
AB  - We investigated the effect of pacing from the atrium and various ventricular
      sites on the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation following
      autonomic blockade in a total of 10 dogs chronically instrumented to measure left
      ventricular pressure and determine left ventricular volume from three ultrasonic
      endocardial dimensions. During ventricular pacing, left ventricular end-diastolic
      volume, stroke volume, and end-systolic pressure were decreased, while the end
      systolic volume was relatively unchanged. Left ventricular end-systolic pressure
      volume relations were generated by vena caval occlusions during pacing at a
      constant rate from the left atria, and the epicardium of the right ventricular
      free wall, right ventricular apex, and left ventricular free wall. The left
      ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relations were described by straight
      lines for each site (r greater than 0.96 and SEE less than 2.9 mm Hg in all but
      one instance). Compared to atrial pacing, the left ventricular end-systolic
      pressure-volume relations were shifted (P less than 0.001) to the right during
      pacing from ventricular sites. During atrial pacing, the volume intercept of the
      left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation was 16.0 +/- 7.2 ml (mean
      +/- SD), and increased to 18.7 +/- 7.8 ml (P less than 0.05) during pacing from
      the right ventricular free wall, to 19.6 +/- 7.7 ml (P less than 0.05) during
      pacing from the right ventricular apex, and to 20.0 +/- 7.5 ml (P less than 0.05)
      during pacing from the left ventricular free wall. These volume intercepts
      correlated roughly with the extent of dyssynchronous activation as estimated by
      the QRS duration (r = 0.59 to 0.93) and the time for left ventricular endocardial
      activation (r = 0.92 and 0.95). During ventricular pacing, the slope of the left
      ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation changed only slightly. Similar
      results were obtained during pacing from right ventricular endocardial sites. We
      conclude that alterations of the normal activation sequence produced by
      ventricular pacing depress left ventricular pumping function independent of
      loading conditions, as indicated by a rightward shift of the left ventricular end
      systolic pressure-volume relation. The extent of this shift appears to be in
      proportion to the degree of dyssynchronous activation. The decreased stroke
      volume during ventricular pacing is due both to a decreased end-diastolic volume
      (decreased preload) and the rightward shift of the end-systolic pressure-volume
      relation (decreased pump function).

PMID- 4053305
TI  - Early differentiation of infarcted and noninfarcted reperfused myocardium in dogs
      by quantitative analysis of regional myocardial echo amplitudes.
AB  - This study tests the hypothesis that ischemic but viable reperfused myocardium
      can be differentiated from infarcted reperfused myocardium by regional analysis
      of myocardial echo amplitudes. In eight closed-chest, anesthetized dogs, the left
      anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 3 hours, followed by 1 hour
      of reperfusion, and sacrifice. Infarct size was measured by the triphenyl
      tetrazolium chloride technique in a 1-cm-thick mid-left ventricular transverse
      slice, and matched with a corresponding end-diastolic two-dimensional echo short
      axis cross-section. Outlining of epi- and endocardial surfaces, along with
      construction of a mid-myocardial outline, allowed measurements of regional
      myocardial echo intensities and grey-level histograms in subendo- and
      subepicardial regions. In 36 eventually infarcted subendocardial segments
      (greater than 20% wall necrosis), average pixel intensity (arbitrary units) was
      73.7 +/- 33.1 (SD) in control, 75.8 +/- 33.0 at 3 hours of occlusion, and 107.8
      +/- 40.9 at 5 minutes, 105.5 +/- 38.9 at 15 minutes, and 101.1 +/- 37.6 at 60
      minutes postreperfusion P less than 0.05 vs. control or occlusion); intensity in
      normal segments (no or less than 20% wall necrosis) was 60.0 +/- 18.6 in control,
      57.4 +/- 20.3 at 3 hours of occlusion, and 63.5 +/- 14.8, 68.0 +/- 27.9, and 64.2
      +/- 22.3 at 5, 15, and 60 minutes postreperfusion, respectively (no significant
      change). The skew of the grey-level distribution in infarcted subendocardial
      segments did not change from control (0.49 +/- 0.72) to 3 hours of occlusion
      (0.41 +/- 0.52), but decreased (shift to higher echo amplitude) significantly at
      5 minutes (-0.31 +/- 0.53), 15 minutes (-0.22 +/- 0.50), and 60 minutes (-0.28 +/
      0.45) after reperfusion (P less than 0.05 vs. control or occlusion); in normal
      subendocardial segments, there was no significant change throughout the study. In
      31 partly infarcted subepicardial segments (greater than 50% wall necrosis),
      changes in postreperfusion echo amplitudes were less significant. Average pixel
      intensity was 71.3 +/- 28.6 in control, 71.8 +/- 29.2 after coronary occlusion,
      and 89.2 +/- 35.3, 83.7 +/- 37.5, and 85.6 +/- 34.9 at 5, 15, and 60 minutes
      after reperfusion, respectively. It is concluded that reperfusion of irreversibly
      injured myocardium is associated with consistent early increase in regional
      myocardial echo intensities and changes in the grey-level distribution. Such
      alterations might be used to detect the extent of tissue necrosis within minutes
      after reperfusion.

PMID- 4053306
TI  - Impaired cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of renal nerves in renal
      hypertension.
AB  - We recently reported that arterial baroreflex control of renal nerve traffic is
      impaired in renal hypertensive rabbits. The purpose of this study was to
      determine if vagal cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of renal nerve traffic is
      also impaired. Experiments were performed in 10 hypertensive (mean arterial
      pressure +/- SE in conscious state, 110 +/- 3 mm Hg) and 10 normotensive (79 +/-
      1 mm Hg) chloralose-anesthetized rabbits. Responses to graded blood volume
      expansion (+5, +10, +15 ml/kg) with dextran in saline were recorded with all
      baroreflexes intact, after sinoaortic baroreceptor denervation, and after
      vagotomy. With arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreflexes intact, volume expansion
      resulted in decreases in renal nerve traffic of -12 +/- 2%/mm Hg increase in left
      atrial pressure in normotensive rabbits, but of only -5 +/- 2%/mm Hg in the
      hypertensive rabbits (P less than 0.05). This difference is particularly striking
      in view of the larger maximum increases in arterial (25 +/- 7 vs. 12 +/- 3 mm Hg)
      and left atrial pressure (9 +/- 1 vs. 6 +/- 1 mm Hg) during volume expansion in
      hypertensive vs. normotensive rabbits. After sinoaortic baroreceptor denervation,
      the responses of normotensive rabbits were preserved (-11 +/- 3%/mm Hg), while
      those of hypertensive rabbits were impaired further (-2 +/- 1%/mm Hg). Vagotomy
      abolished responses of renal nerves to volume expansion in both groups. These
      data demonstrate striking impairment of vagal cardiopulmonary baroreflex control
      of renal nerve traffic in renal hypertension. Even though arterial baroreflexes
      have been shown to be abnormal in renal hypertension, they still may partially
      compensate for markedly impaired cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of the renal
      nerves.

PMID- 4053307
TI  - Ventricular trabeculations in the chick embryo heart and their contribution to
      ventricular and muscular septal development.
AB  - Sixty-two chick embryo hearts were studied at incremental stages of development
      (Hamburger-Hamilton stages 16 to 39) by scanning electron microscopy following 3%
      glutaraldehyde fixation and critical point drying. Early in cardiac development,
      the primitive ventricle becomes homogeneously trabeculated with highly organized
      sheets of myocytes lined by endocardial cells, with the trabeculae generally
      oriented in the dorsoventral direction. Coalescence of these trabecular sheets
      begins at stage 26, initially at the area of the bulboventricular flange, and
      later proceeding caudally toward the floor of the ventricle. The fusion process
      is finished by stage 30, resulting in a muscular ventricular septum that has now
      divided the primitive ventricle into right and left ventricles. Further growth of
      the ventricular septum is by continued fusion of the adjoining trabecular sheets.
      Remnants of the apposing trabecular sheets are found in the solidified muscular
      septum in the form of endocardial channels. We suggest that persistent patency of
      these channels results in muscular ventricular septal defects.

PMID- 4053308
TI  - Exposure to fatty acid increases human low density lipoprotein transfer across
      cultured endothelial monolayers.
AB  - Human low density lipoproteins radiolabeled with 125I transfer across confluent
      monolayers of cultured porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells. The amount
      transferred was dependent on the low density lipoprotein concentration and was
      not saturable at concentrations up to 300 micrograms protein per 0.5 ml medium.
      Gel filtration showed that more than 90% of the 125I which crossed the
      endothelial monolayer remained associated with low density lipoproteins,
      indicating that appreciable amounts of lipoprotein were not degraded during the
      transfer process. When the endothelial monolayer was exposed for 24 hours to
      culture media supplemented with 100-300 microM fatty acid complexed with 100
      microM albumin, the amount of low density lipoprotein subsequently transferred
      increased by 65% to 150%. The extent of the increase was dependent on the type of
      fatty acid added and its concentration. At 200 microM, albumin-bound oleic and
      linoleic acids increased low density lipoprotein transfer, whereas palmitic,
      linolenic, arachidonic, and eicosapentaenoic acids did not. These results are
      consistent with the hypothesis that exposure of the endothelium to elevated
      concentrations of fatty acid may allow excessive amounts of cholesterol-rich
      lipoproteins to enter the arterial intima.

PMID- 4053309
TI  - Superoxide generation and reversal of acetylcholine-induced cerebral arteriolar
      dilation after acute hypertension.
AB  - The appearance of superoxide anion radical in cerebral extracellular space during
      and after acute hypertension induced by intravenous norepinephrine was
      investigated in anesthetized cats equipped with cranial windows. Superoxide was
      detected by demonstrating the presence of superoxide dismutase-inhibitable
      reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium. The superoxide dismutase-inhibitable rate of
      reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium was 4.1 +/- 1.61 nM/min per cm2 during
      hypertension and 4.55 +/- 0.62 nM/min per cm2 one hour after hypertension had
      subsided. During norepinephrine administration in the absence of hypertension,
      the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable rate of reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium
      was 0.44 +/- 0.17 nM/min per cm2. The reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium during
      hypertension was also inhibited by prior treatment of the brain surface with
      phenylglyoxal at pH 10, to induce irreversible inhibition of the anion channel.
      The results show that acute hypertension is associated with the generation of
      superoxide which enters the extracellular space of the brain via the anion
      channel. Following hypertension, the sustained vasodilation caused by acute
      hypertension was inhibited significantly by topical application of superoxide
      dismutase and catalase, showing that it was due in part to superoxide and other
      radicals derived from it. The vasodilator response of cerebral arterioles to
      topical acetylcholine was converted to vasoconstriction following acute
      hypertension, and restored to vasodilation following topical application of
      superoxide dismutase and catalase. The results show that superoxide and other
      radicals generated after acute hypertension interfere with acetylcholine-induced
      endothelium-dependent vasodilation, probably because they destroy the endothelium
      derived relaxant factor.

PMID- 4053310
TI  - Effects of hemorrhage on renal nerve activity in conscious dogs.
AB  - We studied the effects of slow continuous hemorrhage (0.5 ml/kg per min) on
      measurements of arterial and left atrial pressures, and renal nerve activity in
      conscious dogs with all reflexes intact, or after sinoaortic baroreceptor
      denervation, cardiac denervation, or sinoaortic baroreceptor denervation plus
      vagal denervation. In intact dogs, mean arterial pressure remained relatively
      constant at 101 +/- 4 mm Hg until 20 +/- 4 ml/kg of hemorrhage, when renal nerve
      activity increased by 211 +/- 53%. At 39 +/- 2 ml/kg hemorrhage, mean arterial
      pressure fell by 48 +/- 3 mm Hg, and renal nerve activity returned to the
      prehemorrhage control level. Cardiac denervation did not affect the response of
      mean arterial pressure to hemorrhage, whereas, after sinoaortic baroreceptor
      denervation and sinoaortic baroreceptor plus vagal denervation, mean arterial
      pressure remained at its control level only through 8 +/- 1 and 4 +/- 1 ml/kg
      hemorrhage, respectively. The increases in renal nerve activity during
      nonhypotensive hemorrhage were significantly attenuated by either sinoaortic
      baroreceptor or cardiac denervation, and were completely blocked by sinoaortic
      baroreceptor plus vagal denervation. However, the decline in renal nerve activity
      with hypotensive hemorrhage was not blocked by either cardiac or sinoaortic
      baroreceptor denervation, and was enhanced after sinoaortic baroreceptor plus
      vagal denervation. Our data indicate that nonhypotensive hemorrhage in the
      conscious dog elicits a striking increase in renal nerve activity, which then
      returns to control levels during hypotensive hemorrhage. Both sinoaortic and
      cardiopulmonary baroreceptors are involved in mediating the increase in renal
      nerve activity, whereas the decline in renal nerve activity is not due to either
      of these baroreflexes.

PMID- 4053311
TI  - Evidence for hyperplasia in mesenteric resistance vessels of spontaneously
      hypertensive rats using a three-dimensional disector.
AB  - Cellular dimensions in mesenteric resistance vessels from 10 spontaneously
      hypertensive rats and 10 Wistar-Kyoto rats have been determined using a random
      volume with an unbiased counting rule as the counting unit (the disector). With
      this method, vessels first were mounted on a myograph. Media thickness
      (spontaneously hypertensive rats, 11.3 micron; Wistar-Kyoto rats, 8.6 micron; P
      less than 0.01), lumen diameter (spontaneously hypertensive rats, 178 micron;
      Wistar-Kyoto rats, 194 micron; P greater than 0.1), and maximum active wall
      tension response (spontaneously hypertensive rats, 3.2 N/m; Wistar-Kyoto rats,
      2.5 N/m; P less than 0.05) were determined. After fixation, serial sections
      normal to the long axis of the smooth muscle cells were made. In each vessel, the
      disector was a defined volume of the vessel wall (volume ca. 25 X 10(3) micron3)
      which was contained in about eight of these sections. The number of nuclei within
      the disector was counted using an unbiased, three-dimensional counting rule. On
      the basis that cells were mononuclear (an assumption that was tested), the ratio
      of this number divided by disector volume equaled the numerical cellular density.
      Measurement of the fraction of media taken up by smooth muscle cells then gave
      mean cell volume (spontaneously hypertensive rats, 563 micron3; Wistar-Kyoto
      rats, 615 micron3; P greater than 0.1). From the myograph measurements, the
      number of cells per unit length (spontaneously hypertensive rats, 10.4/micron;
      Wistar-Kyoto rats, 7.4/micron; P less than 0.05) and maximum force production per
      cell (spontaneously hypertensive rats, 5.1 microN; Wistar-Kyoto rats, 5.7 microN;
      P greater than 0.1) could then be calculated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4053312
TI  - [Seasonal distribution and natural infection with Pagumogonimus skrjabini in
      Pseudobythinella shimenensis].

PMID- 4053313
TI  - [A preliminary study on the pathogenicity of Entamoeba gingivalis].

PMID- 4053314
TI  - [Ornithine metabolism in Schistosoma japonicum: synthesis of polyamines and
      proline].

PMID- 4053315
TI  - [Experimental observation on the dispersal of Anopheles dirus in Hainan Island].

PMID- 4053316
TI  - [Observation on the susceptibility of Anopheles dirus to Plasmodium yoelii
      yoelii].

PMID- 4053317
TI  - [Studies on the circumoval precipitin test (COPT) using schistosome eggs dried on
      slides as antigens].

PMID- 4053318
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy on the trophozoite of Giardia lamblia].

PMID- 4053319
TI  - [Concentration and isolation of schizonts and merozoites of Plasmodium yoelii
      yoelii].

PMID- 4053320
TI  - [Experimental observations on the biological features and pathogenicity of
      Thelazia callipaeda parasitized in rabbits].

PMID- 4053321
TI  - [Clinical and pathological features of mammary filarial tubercles: analysis of 25
      cases].

PMID- 4053322
TI  - [Studies of Leishmania gerbilli in China].

PMID- 4053323
TI  - [The role of Phlebotomus alexandri in the transmission of kala-azar].

PMID- 4053324
TI  - [Epidemiological investigation and experimental infection with Echinochasmus
      japonicus].

PMID- 4053325
TI  - [In vitro cidal effect of Corydalis from qinghai plateau against Echinococcus
      granulosus protoscolices].

PMID- 4053326
TI  - [Therapeutic efficacy of mebendazole and pyquiton against Trichinella spiralis in
      mice].

PMID- 4053327
TI  - Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo.

PMID- 4053328
TI  - Nitrogen metabolism and mechanisms of protein synthesis and degradation.

PMID- 4053329
TI  - Model simplification: complexity versus reduction.

PMID- 4053330
TI  - Fatty acid and ketone metabolism.

PMID- 4053331
TI  - Localization methods for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo.

PMID- 4053332
TI  - Eosinophils, bronchial hyperreactivity and late-phase asthmatic reactions.
AB  - We have measured airways reactivity (methacholine PC20) and blood eosinophils in
      eleven asthmatics with allergen-induced late-phase reactions. Before challenge
      there was a significant (P less than 0.05) inverse correlation between blood
      eosinophils and the methacholine PC20. After allergen inhalation eosinophil
      counts were significantly (P less than 0.01) elevated at 24 hr. These increases
      in blood eosinophil counts were not observed in patients who developed single
      early responses. The magnitude of the changes in eosinophil counts (24 hr minus
      pre-challenge values) also correlated with the baseline methacholine PC20 (P less
      than 0.01) in the late-phase responders. These observations suggest that there
      may be a direct association between eosinophils and airway reactivity in subjects
      who develop late-phase asthmatic reactions.

PMID- 4053333
TI  - Prevalence and features of asthma in a sample survey of urban Goroka, Papua New
      Guinea.
AB  - This study found a prevalence of asthma of 2.5% in adults and 0.2% in children in
      Goroka, the major town and administrative centre of the Eastern Highlands
      Province of Papua New Guinea. The disease features are similar to those found in
      previous studies in Papua New Guinea: late age of onset and virtual absence of
      childhood cases; strong association with allergy to house dust mite and high mite
      specific IgE levels; and considerable impairment of resting lung function.
      However, the prevalence is much lower than that recently found in the nearby
      rural South Fore linguistic group of the Okapa District. Moreover, it was noted
      that a preponderance of the urban cases in the present study were originally from
      Okapa. The implication is that particular local aetiological factors may be
      responsible for the documented rise in prevalence in the South Fore (Okapa)
      people, rather than the process of 'Westernization' per se. This creates a
      valuable opportunity to learn more about the pathogenesis of asthma.

PMID- 4053334
TI  - Allergy in the Mediterranean area. III: Cross reactivity among Oleaceae pollens.
AB  - Pollens of closely related species often share common antigens and allergens
      although this is not always the case. Four species of Oleaceae pollens commonly
      found in the Mediterranean area were investigated for cross-reactivity: olive
      (Olea europaea), ash (Fraxinus exselsior), privet (Ligustrum vulgare) and
      Phillyrea angustifolia, a common bush. Twenty individual sera of patients
      allergic to Oleaceae were investigated for specific IgE antibodies against the
      four species of Oleaceae pollens. The results indicated a high degree of
      correlation between RAST titres of Oleaceae pollens but three gave a particular
      emphasis on one species only. Cross-reactivity among these four pollen species
      was sought by means of RAST inhibition, iso-electric focusing and tandem cross
      immunoelectrophoresis. All tests revealed a high degree of cross reactivity
      although there is no total identity among these four pollen species.

PMID- 4053335
TI  - Reaginic allergy to Parthenium pollen: evaluation by skin test and RAST.
AB  - The pollen of Parthenium hysterophorus, an alien weed growing wild in India was
      found to be a potential source of allergic rhinitis. A clinical survey showed
      that 34% of the patients suffering from rhinitis and 12% suffering from bronchial
      asthma gave positive skin-prick test reactions to Parthenium pollen antigen
      extracts. Parthenium-specific IgE was detected in the sera of sixteen out of
      twenty-four patients suffering from seasonal rhinitis. There was 66% correlation
      between skin test and RAST.

PMID- 4053336
TI  - Effects of ketotifen on in vitro bronchoconstriction.
AB  - We have studied the effects of Ketotifen [Ke] (10(-4)M and 10(-6)M) on two in
      vitro models of bronchoconstriction: actively sensitized guinea-pig trachea
      (GPT), and passively sensitized human bronchial muscle (HBM). Experiments were
      performed on matched pairs of tissues. Cumulative dose response curves [CDRC] for
      histamine and acetyl choline were constructed, and repeated after pre-incubation
      with Ke or saline control. The effect of Ke on maximal antigen induced
      contractions was also studied. Contraction of GPT by histamine and acetyl choline
      was inhibited by Ke 10(-4)M, though this effect was not apparent at high doses of
      acetyl choline. Ke 10(-6)M had a weaker inhibitory effect on histamine and acetyl
      choline induced responses. Contraction of GPT by antigen was unaffected by
      Ketotifen. In the HBM model, Ke 10(-4)M inhibited acetyl choline and antigen
      induced responses. Ketotifen, 10(-6)M had an inhibitory effect on acetyl choline
      induced contractions, though this was small, and not seen at higher agonist
      doses. Contraction of HBM by antigen was unaffected by Ke 10(-6)M. We were unable
      to obtain reproducible CD RC's to histamine with HBM. The weaker or absent
      effects of Ke 10(-6)M, a level close to that obtained in clinical practice, may
      explain some of the poor results of clinical trials, and suggest that efficacy
      may be improved by the use of higher doses.

PMID- 4053337
TI  - Optimal use of tube spacer aerosols in asthmatic children.
AB  - In a double blind cross-over study the bronchodilator response after eight
      different modes of inhalation of terbutaline from a pressurized aerosol with a
      tube spacer was assessed in fifteen asthmatic children. Slow inspiratory flow
      rates (15-30 l/min) were found to be associated with a statistically significant
      increase in response when compared with flow rates higher than 70 l/min (P less
      than 0.01). Tilting the head back during the inhalations and a breath-holding
      pause of 10 sec after the inhalation had no significant effect upon
      bronchodilation. In addition, bronchodilation was the same whether the children
      inhaled from RV or FRC, and whether they inhaled as deeply possible or only to
      about half the maximum volume. The results suggest that efforts should be made to
      develop a new and more simple set of instructions for the use of tube spacer
      aerosols.

PMID- 4053338
TI  - Effect of cigarette smoking on the antibody response to inhaled antigens and the
      prevalence of extrinsic allergic alveolitis among pigeon breeders.
AB  - There was a reduced prevalence of symptoms of Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis (EAA)
      among the cigarette smokers in a survey of 102 volunteer pigeon breeders. These
      smokers had a significantly lower antibody response against the inhaled antigens
      associated with the disease; only one of twenty-three smokers (4.3%), but thirty
      nine of sixty-five non-smokers (55.4%) had elevated serum IgG antibody levels,
      despite similar degrees of avian exposure in each group. The appearance of
      antibody in six of fourteen ex-smokers (42.9%) suggested that the apparent
      inhibitory effect of smoking on the antibody response was reversible. The smoking
      group had lower total serum IgG and IgA, higher serum IgD, and their total IgM
      and IgE levels were similar to the nonsmokers.

PMID- 4053339
TI  - A simple procedure for the preparation of concentrated sera.
AB  - We shall describe a simple technique to prepare concentrated sera that will have
      a near normal osmolality. A pool of sera is first frozen for 72 h at -20 degrees
      C and then allowed to thaw at 6 degrees C for 16 h. Care is taken to avoid any
      shaking of the bottle. The surface serum is then cautiously aspirated with a
      pipette. The left-over serum is mixed and filtered. To decrease the osmolality of
      this concentrated serum, we treated it with 200 mg of resin (Rexyn AG 501, H-OH)
      per 5 mL serum and then filtered it to eliminate the resin. We studied the
      effects of the height of the liquid column, the freezing temperature, the volume
      of serum decanted, the resin concentration and the duration of the extraction
      step. We also evaluated the stability of this concentrated serum at 6 degrees C, 
      20 degrees C and -70 degrees C. We also verified whether readjustment of the pH
      of the concentrated resin-treated serum would have improved its stability at -20
      degrees C.

PMID- 4053340
TI  - A method for the determination of sex hormone binding globulin in human serum.
AB  - A simple and rapid method for serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) was
      developed. Sera from pregnant women were pooled and the SHBG concentration was
      measured by Rosner's method. This pool was diluted with charcoal-treated and
      heated serum to give standards ranging in concentrations from 26.8-0.8
      micrograms/L. Two sets of tubes containing dihydrotestosterone (DHT), assay and
      control tubes, were prepared. Diluted standards and unknowns were added to assay
      and control tubes along with tritiated DHT. Following incubation, cold saturated
      ammonium sulfate was added to each tube, mixed, centrifuged and the supernatant
      counted. Mean SHBG concentration (microgram/L +/- SEM) in normal men was 3.6 +/-
      0.4, normal women 11.4 +/- 2.2, pregnant women 58 +/- 2.6, obese women 3.3 +/-
      1.0, hirsute women 2.9 +/- 0.2, hypothyroid women 7.3 +/- 1.0, and hyperthyroid
      women 26.0 +/- 1.6. These results correlate well with previous reports. This
      method is fast, convenient, and up to 40 samples can be analyzed in one assay.

PMID- 4053341
TI  - Bromocresol purple dye-binding method for the estimation of serum albumin adapted
      to the SMA 12/60.
AB  - We describe a method for the determination of serum albumin on the SMA 12/60 that
      utilizes the anionic dye bromocresol purple (BCP). This dye is more specific than
      the commonly used bromocresol green (BCG) in that it does not bind to globulins.
      The SMA module requires two simple changes for the BCP method to be adopted: a
      600 nm interference filter replaces the 630 nm filter; and a gray-gray pump tube
      (rated at 1.00 mL/min) replaces a green-green tube (rated at 2.00 mL/min) in the
      predilution assembly. The precision of this method is comparable to the BCG
      method with a CV of 2.9% at mean values of 30.6 and 38.3 g/L. This method was
      compared to the BCP method of the DuPont aca using 51 patient samples over an
      approximate albumin range of 15 to 80 g/L. The correlation is very good as
      indicated in the linear regression data: (SMA) = 0.884(aca) + 3.46; coefficient
      of determination (r2) is 0.986; and standard error of the estimate (Sy.x) is 1.39
      g/L. Neither hemoglobin nor bilirubin interferes with this BCP method up to
      levels of 9 g/L and 633 mumol/L, respectively.

PMID- 4053342
TI  - Evaluation of a bromocresol purple method for the determination of albumin
      adapted to the DuPont aca discrete clinical analyzer.
AB  - We evaluated a new method for the determination of albumin on the DuPont aca
      discrete clinical analyzer that utilized an albumin selective dye, bromocresol
      purple (BCP). This dye minimizes globulin interference that occurs with
      bromocresol green (BCG) methods that have long (greater than 30 s) incubation
      times. Good correlation was observed between the new BCP method and two methods
      which do not show significant globulin interference: an immunological method and
      a rapid BCG method. Comparisons with alternate BCG methods (SMA 12/60, SMAC, and
      the aca) were generally not as good. The albumin results by the BCP method on
      specimens with elevated globulins were similar to results from the immunological
      and rapid BCG methods. The reference interval was 34-50 g/L. The between-day
      coefficient of variation ranged from 0.9 to 3.5% at three evaluation sites on 2
      levels of 8 different control materials. The method was linear between 6-70 g/L.
      No interference was observed from hemoglobin at levels less than or equal to 5.00
      g/L or from bilirubin at levels less than 342 mumol/L. Also, no interference was
      observed from nine common drugs that are known to bind to albumin. These studies
      show that accuracy, reproducibility and linearity of the BCP albumin method on
      the aca are acceptable for clinical use.

PMID- 4053343
TI  - Cholinesterases in primary affective disorders.
AB  - Cholinesterase activities were measured in plasma (ChE) and in intact
      erythrocytes (AChE) in patients suffering from manic-depressive illness, their
      first degree relatives who were well, and unrelated normal volunteers. All the
      subjects were in a normal mood state at the time of testing. Plasma
      cholinesterase activity was found to be significantly lower than normal in
      bipolar (BP), unipolar (UP), other affective disorder (OA) and well subjects
      belonging to manic-depressive families. Intact erythrocyte cholinesterase (true
      cholinesterase) activity was also found to be significantly lower than normal in
      all the above mentioned patients and their relatives. Half of the BP subjects
      were on lithium treatment and their cholinesterase activities were similar to
      those patients not on lithium treatment. The data suggest a significant role of
      cholinergic mechanisms in the etiology of manic-depressive illness.

PMID- 4053344
TI  - Peroxisome localized human hepatic alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase and its
      application to clinical diagnosis.
AB  - The subcellular localization of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.44
      L-Alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase) of adult human liver was examined by
      sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The enzyme sedimented at the same
      density as catalase, indicating that it was localized in the peroxisomes. Alanine
      glyoxylate aminotransferase activity in the liver of patients with cirrhosis was
      about 65% of that of normal liver or 71% of that from patients with chronic
      hepatitis, but its activity in the serum of patients with cirrhosis was higher
      than that from patients with chronic hepatitis. Patterns of activity of alanine
      glyoxylate aminotransferase in liver and serum differed from those of aspartate-2
      oxoglutarate aminotransferase and ornithine carbamoyltransferase that have a
      different intracellular location. Serum immunoreactive alanine-glyoxylate
      aminotransferase (Im-AGT) was measured by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay
      (ELISA). The Im-AGT levels (mean +/- SEM) in acute (80 +/- 13 micrograms/L) and
      chronic (72 +/- 4 micrograms/L) hepatitis were higher than those of normal
      controls (44 +/- 1 micrograms/L). However, the difference between acute and
      chronic hepatitis was not statistically significant. The level in liver cirrhosis
      (54 +/- 3 micrograms/L) was lower than those of the hepatitides but higher than
      that of normal controls. The apparent half-life of serum Im-AGT of patients who
      underwent liver lobectomy by a microwave tissue coagulation method was
      approximately 3-4 days.

PMID- 4053345
TI  - Effect of secretin upon the levels of pancreatic enzymes in blood serum.
AB  - We have evaluated the serum changes of trypsin, pancreatic isoamylase and lipase,
      after rapid infusion of secretin, in 45 patients with chronic pancreatitis
      compared with 35 healthy control subjects. On the basis of duodenal intubation
      results, chronic pancreatitis patients were divided into two subgroups at
      different levels of functional impairment. Using the peak activities of the
      enzymes we have been able to separate the two chronic pancreatitis subgroups by
      statistical difference; only trypsin distinguishes healthy control subjects from
      mild to moderate chronic pancreatitis. Therefore, we propose to put into clinical
      practice this serum provocative test to evaluate the functional damage of an
      established chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 4053347
TI  - Simultaneous determination of epinephrine and norepinephrine in urine by
      derivative synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy.
AB  - The combination of synchronous and derivative fluorimetry, potentially useful in
      resolving mixtures that present strongly overlapping conventional fluorescence
      spectra, appears suitable for determining epinephrine and norepinephrine in
      urine. We describe a simple, rapid, and inexpensive method for simultaneous assay
      of these compounds in a single scan of urine specimens from normal adults. The
      catecholamines are extracted from the sample on cation-exchange columns and
      subsequently determined by formation of trihydroxyindoles. Analytical recovery is
      about 94% for epinephrine, 91% for norepinephrine, with a CV of approximately 5%.
      No sophisticated detection equipment is necessary, a conventional modern
      fluorimeter being adequate.

PMID- 4053346
TI  - Candidate reference method for determination of total bilirubin in serum:
      development and validation.
AB  - This candidate Reference Method for measuring total bilirubin in serum is based
      on the Jendrassik-Grof principle (Clin Chem 29: 297-301, 1983). Standard
      Reference Material no. 916 bilirubin (National Bureau of Standards) is used as
      the standard. Bilirubin standard solutions may be prepared either in human serum
      or in 40 g/L albumin solution (human or bovine), because we found the molar
      absorptivity of the azopigment at 598 nm to be identical in these media. The
      absorptivities of the unconjugated and conjugated azopigments appear to be
      identical, but the conjugated azopigment is completely hydrolyzed in the final
      reaction mixture. Bilirubin added to serum from adults or neonates was
      quantitatively accounted for. Interference by hemoglobin (up to 2 g/L), ascorbic
      acid (up to 20 mg/L), or zinc (at physiological concentrations) is negligible. Of
      the therapeutic drugs we tested, only L-dopa and alpha-methyldopa interfere. We
      established normal adult reference values for total bilirubin and examined the
      intraindividual variation in 19 subjects.

PMID- 4053348
TI  - Estimation of the response-error relationship in immunoassay.
AB  - Estimation of the response-error relationship in immunoassay provides a weighting
      function for the main analysis, and may in general be essential to ensure
      statistically valid data reduction. In this study we generated 50,000 sets of
      simulated radioimmunoassay response data with a computer, using five response
      error functional forms that are commonly assumed. Parameters were estimated by
      three least-squares regression methods and three that are modifications of a
      maximum-likelihood method. Two likelihood estimators that require significantly
      different computing times were shown to be virtually indistinguishable,
      statistically more efficient than least-squares estimators, and-in contrast to
      least-squares estimators-to guarantee positive predicted variances in the range
      of the data.

PMID- 4053349
TI  - Effect of assay conditions on cross reactivity of digoxin-like immunoreactive
      substance(s) with radioimmunoassay kits.
AB  - One or more digoxin-like immunoreactive substances (DLIS), most frequently
      present in serum of premature and full-term neonates. cross react to various
      extents with different digoxin immunoassay kit reagents. Mostly, this variation
      is attributed to the relative cross reactivity of DLIS with the antiserum in each
      kit. However, modification of standard assay procedures for digoxin can also
      greatly alter the relative cross reactivity of DLIS. Using sequential RIA kit
      methods for digoxin by 20 to 60% relative to the standard equilibrium RIA mode.
      Cross reactivity was decreased still more if the concentrations of antiserum
      (binding-site concentration) and tracer (125 l-labeled digoxin) were decreased,
      and conversely. Serum samples containing only digoxin, analyzed by the modified
      method, consistently yielded results well comparable with those obtained with the
      manufacturers' recommended procedures. We describe use of the different responses
      to digoxin and DLIS of standard and sequential radioimmunoassays and use of
      simultaneous equation to calculate the concentration of DLIS (in digoxin
      equivalents) in digoxin-containing samples.

PMID- 4053350
TI  - Sodium activity, sodium concentration, and osmolality in plasma in acute and
      chronic renal failure.
AB  - We compared the ionic activity of sodium, as measured with glass electrodes, with
      sodium concentration in 23 healthy persons, 15 persons with acute renal failure,
      and before and after dialysis in 46 patients with chronic renal failure. In
      healthy persons the mean (+/- SEM) sodium concentration was 139.1 +/- 0.6 mmol/L,
      whereas the ionic activity was equal to that of a 145.2 +/- 0.5 mmol/L solution
      of sodium chloride. Variation in the concentration of plasma protein was the most
      important factor influencing the sodium activity coefficient (the ratio between
      activity and concentration). The sodium activity coefficient in plasma water
      (corrected for the non-aqueous phase of the plasma) was fairly constant, being
      96% of that in a 140 mmol/L solution of sodium chloride. Thus sodium binds to non
      protein molecules and sodium ions interact with other substances in uremic plasma
      only to a very limited extent. The sum of the molar activities of sodium,
      potassium, urea, and creatinine was closely and linearly correlated with plasma
      osmolality, both before and after dialysis.

PMID- 4053351
TI  - Improved radioimmunoassay for vitamin D and its use in assessing vitamin D
      status.
AB  - We describe a faster, more-sensitive radioimmunoassay for vitamin D in plasma.
      Antibodies were generated in rabbits immunized with a new vitamin D analog, the
      23,24,25,26,27-pentanor-C(22)-carboxylic acid of vitamin D, coupled directly with
      bovine serum albumin. After several months, Rivanol-treated sera from the rabbits
      contained high-titer antibodies, as determined by their abilities to bind 25
      hydroxy-[3H]cholecalciferol. The antibody, used at a 1:15 000 final dilution,
      cross reacted equally with all cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol metabolites
      tested except 1,25-dihydroxycalciferol metabolites and the parent calciferols. 25
      Hydroxycalciferol and similar forms were efficiently extracted from plasma or
      serum with acetonitrile. We separated bound from free 25-hydroxy
      [3H]cholecalciferol by using a second antibody: goat antiserum to rabbit serum.
      The detection limit of the assay was 3.0 pg of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and its
      equivalents per tube; thus only 1 microL of plasma is needed per assay tube.
      Results compared well with those from a liquid-chromatographic procedure
      involving specific ultraviolet detection of 25-hydroxycalciferol in plasma.

PMID- 4053352
TI  - Free thyroxin measured in dried blood spots: results for 10 000 euthyroid and 29
      hypothyroid newborns.
AB  - We measured free thyroxin (FT4) in dried blood samples from 10 000 euthyroid and
      29 hypothyroid newborns (three with transient hypothyroidism and 26 permanent).
      In euthyroids, the mean FT4 concentration was 16.9 (SD 4.5) pmol/L. Preterm
      babies had low concentrations of FT4, and values were closely related to birth
      weight when less than 2500 g. Assay of blood-spot FT4 appears to be specific as a
      test for hypothyroidism screening, yielding 0.42% false positives when a mean
      minus 2 SD cutoff value (8 pmol/L) was used. Correcting FT4 for birth weight
      further decreased the false-positive rate, to 0.07%. In all three newborns with
      transient hypothyroidism, FT4 was less than 8 pmol/L. In 25 of 26 permanent
      hypothyroids, FT4 ranged from undetectable to 5 pmol/L; in the 26th infant, who
      had a large ectopic gland, it was 8.2 pmol/L. We believe that FT4 assay offers an
      attractive improvement over total T4, whether performed as the first screening
      test or as a confirmatory test in thyrotropin screening programs.

PMID- 4053353
TI  - Facile radioimmunoassay of estradiol 3-sulfate in plasma during pregnancy.
AB  - A facile, sensitive radioimmunoassay of estradiol 3-sulfate in pregnancy plasma
      was established. Highly specific antisera were raised in male rabbits against a
      conjugate of 6-oxoestradiol 3-sulfate-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime with bovine serum
      albumin. After purification of the antiserum, we coupled the crude globulin
      fraction to CNBr-activated Sepharose-4B and used this for direct radioimmunoassay
      of estradiol 3-sulfate in plasma without sample pre-treatment such as solvent
      extraction or chromatography to remove endogenous interferences. Using this assay
      system, we determined concentrations of estradiol 3-sulfate in plasma from
      pregnant women. Concentrations of estradiol 3-sulfate in plasma increased in
      proportion to those of estradiol throughout gestation, but were about twice as
      high as those of unconjugated estradiol at each week of pregnancy.

PMID- 4053354
TI  - A whole-cell assay for glucocorticoid binding sites in normal human lymphocytes.
AB  - We established a whole-cell assay in the clinical laboratory, using normal human
      lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood. [3H]Dexamethasone binding reached a
      maximum after 90 min at 24 degrees C. Dissociation constants (Kd) were determined
      to be 1 X 10(-9) mol/L. Specific glucocorticoid-binding capacities of 3 to 23
      fmol/10(6) cells, or 1800 to 13 800 sites/cell, were observed. Steroids with
      glucocorticoid activity such as triamcinolone acetonide and cortisol effectively
      competed for [3H]dexamethasone binding sites, whereas those with no
      glucocorticoid potency such as estradiol-17 beta and testosterone showed little
      inhibition. Studies on the cellular distribution of [3H]dexamethasone indicated
      that 23% was bound to the cytosol, 77% to the cell nucleus. The whole-cell assay
      is easily adaptable for the clinical laboratory assessment of glucocorticoid
      receptors in normal and malignant lymphocytes, and may be useful in evaluating
      the activity-function relationships of potential therapeutic agents.

PMID- 4053356
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic assay of dexamethasone in plasma.
AB  - We report a simple, efficient method for removing dexamethasone from plasma by
      use of solid-phase extraction columns. The dexamethasone is then quantified by
      "high-performance" liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection at 254 nm.
      Dexamethasone concentrations and peak-height ratios were linearly related over
      the range 5 to 200 micrograms/L. The lower limit of sensitivity was 5
      micrograms/L. The average recoveries of dexamethasone and methylprednisolone
      (internal standard) were 72 and 71%, respectively. This procedure offers improved
      efficiency over that of previously described methods by decreasing analytical
      time and improving sample clean-up. Sensitive, specific, and relatively
      inexpensive, this method is suitable for most clinical applications.

PMID- 4053355
TI  - Radioenzymatic microassay for simultaneous estimations of dopamine,
      norepinephrine, and epinephrine in plasma, urine, and tissues.
AB  - With this sensitive and specific radioenzymatic assay picogram quantities of
      norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine can be simultaneously determined
      directly in plasma, urine, and tissue. We discuss in detail the steps that are
      critical for success of the assay, as well as the rationale behind the use of
      specific reagents. The assay is appropriate for use in any routine clinical
      chemistry laboratory. This assay is sensitive to approximately 1 pg of
      catecholamine. As compared with a commercially available method, this assay is
      significantly more economical and less time consuming.

PMID- 4053357
TI  - An automated liquid-chromatographic system for convenient determination of
      glycated hemoglobin A1c.
AB  - For quantification of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), we compared an automated
      system (Pharmacia Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography), which separates and
      determines HbA1c, with a commercial disposable-minicolumn kit (Boehringer
      Mannheim), which separates total HbA1. We studied 41 diabetic women and 79
      apparently normal women on their first postparturition day. The automated method
      was more precise (within-run CV 0.98-4.16%) than the kit method (within-run CV
      3.67-7.77%). Results by the two methods correlated well for both control (p less
      than 0.001) and diabetic (p less than 0.05) groups. Values for HbA1c correlated
      significantly with fasting blood-glucose concentrations in controls and diabetics
      (intraclass correlation coefficient rI = 0.822 and 0.851, respectively, p less
      than 0.001) as well as with 1- and 2-h values for glucose after a 75-g glucose
      load in the control group (rI = 0.649 and 0.846, respectively, p less than
      0.001). For HbA1 no such significant correlation was found except with values for
      fasting blood glucose in diabetics (rI = 0.745, p less than 0.001). Evaluation of
      HbA1c was a more sensitive index of glycemic status. The automated system is
      convenient, reliable, and easily operated.

PMID- 4053358
TI  - Direct-calibration method for determination of aluminum in serum is comparable
      with the protein-precipitation technique.
AB  - We compared results by two methods for serum Al determination: matrix
      modification with direct calibration in a stabilized-temperature platform furnace
      (Clin Chem 28, 2139, 1982) and a technique involving extraction with nitric acid
      before atomic absorption spectrometry (Clin Chem 30, 1216, 1984). The two methods
      gave similar results with use of either a deuterium or a Zeeman system of
      background correction, but gave different slopes for standard additions (mA X s
      per microgram/L), depending on the Al content of the serum, an effect not seen
      with aqueous solutions. These differences do not affect the accuracy of the Al
      determination up to 150 micrograms/L.

PMID- 4053359
TI  - Accuracy and precision of five analog radioimmunoassays for free thyroxin
      compared.
AB  - We compared the precision of free thyroxin (FT4) measurements by kits involving
      analog RIA and the use of antibody-coated tubes (Becton Dickinson and Coat-A
      Count), magnetic separation (Amerlex Magnetic and Corning Magic), or
      centrifugation of antibodies linked to solid beads (Amerlex). Results of kits
      with magnetic separation were the most reproducible. Amerlex, Amerlex Magnetic,
      and Becton Dickinson kits gave values comparing best with those obtained by
      direct equilibrium dialysis. Coat-A-Count and Corning Magic results differed
      significantly from dialysis values, both for patients' samples and kit standards.
      The kits had equal diagnostic efficiency in patients with suspected thyroid
      disease. On measurement of FT4 some patients were reclassified from "subclinical
      thyroid disease" to "overt disease." Most patients with triiodothyronine
      thyrotoxicosis had increased FT4. Several kit values were low for pregnant women
      and patients with nonthyroidal illness but the Amerlex and Amerlex Magnetic
      assays had fewer low results. The Amerlex Magnetic FT4 assay gave the best
      precision, agreement with the reference method, and diagnostic efficiency.

PMID- 4053360
TI  - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in quantification of high-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol.
AB  - We evaluated a method for quantifying high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in
      plasma, based on electrophoretic migration of the prestained (with Sudan Black
      III) sample through a discontinuous polyacrylamide++ gel and densitometric
      integration of the stain associated with each class of lipoprotein. With this
      method, operations can be carried out on all types of lipoproteins over a broad
      range of concentrations. Overloading with very-low and low-density lipoproteins
      did not affect reliability within a wide range of HDL concentrations (0.45 to
      16.60 mmol/L). Results for 22 individual plasma samples from normal and
      dyslipemic subjects correlated well with those by ultracentrifugal analysis
      (r=0.96; Student's t= 0.90, p > 0.30). We conclude that this method is reliable,
      sensitive, and accurate, It may be used for simultaneously typing
      dyslipoproteinemias and assaying HDL cholesterol.

PMID- 4053361
TI  - "Carryback": effect of viscous liquid controls on the preceding sample analyzed
      with the SMA II continuous-flow analyzer.
AB  - We systematically studied the "carryback" effect of ethylene glycol-based
      controls on the preceding sample on an SMA II continuous-flow analyzer. Including
      Beckman Level 1 unassayed liquid control material as a sample lowered the 12
      analyte values of the preceding sample by an average of 2.7%, Level 2 (the most
      viscous) by an average of 4.4%, and Level 3 by 3.2%. Water-reconstituted
      lyophilized control material caused no carryback effect, but lyophilized control
      reconstituted with 330 mL/L ethylene glycol decreased the preceding sample's
      results by 4.1% (average carryback). We believe that carryback is caused by the
      drag placed on the sample line by a viscous sample, which decreases the volume of
      the preceding sample that is delivered to the reagent or pre-dilution mixing
      coils. Our findings were confirmed on another SMA II. Limited study of a SMAC
      analyzer gave inconclusive results, but further evaluation of continuous-flow
      systems for carryback is warranted. Carryback substantially increases total
      analytical variability.

PMID- 4053362
TI  - Comparison of creatinine as determined with the Ames Seralyzer and by three Jaffe
      based methods.
AB  - We compared results for urinary creatinine, serum creatinine, and creatinine
      clearance, as determined with the Ames Seralyzer, with results determined with
      the Beckman ASTRA, the DuPont aca, and Technicon's AutoAnalyzer and SMAC. Results
      for urinary creatinine from the Seralyzer differed significantly (p less than
      0.05) from those obtained with the ASTRA and AutoAnalyzer, but not with the aca.
      The Seralyzer results for serum creatinine were at least 1.0 mg/L higher (p less
      than 0.05) than by the other three methods. Results for creatinine clearance from
      the Seralyzer were 8 to 11 mL/min lower (p less than 0.05) than results by the
      other three methods. These differences are related to the positive interference
      by bilirubin in the Seralyzer creatinine method. We also evaluated 23 other
      compounds for interference with these methods for creatinine.

PMID- 4053363
TI  - A case of proteinuria with analbuminuria.
AB  - A 46-year-old black man with diabetes mellitus and hypertension was hospitalized
      because of myocardial ischemia and chronic renal failure. The electrophoretogram
      for protein in urine revealed proteins only in the alpha 1, alpha 2, and beta
      regions. These protein fractions were identified as small molecules by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No albumin was detected in
      the urine. The molecular mass of albumin, the protein present in highest
      concentration in serum, is near the glomerular filtration threshold, and this
      protein is not reabsorbed by renal tubules; therefore, albumin is consistently
      present in proteinuric specimens. Thus this analbuminuric pattern is highly
      unusual. Although the mechanism of the analbuminuria in this case is not fully
      understood, we wished to document this extremely rare electrophoretic pattern to
      alert clinical chemists and pathologists of its existence.

PMID- 4053364
TI  - Acute viral hepatitis and low values for serum creatine kinase.

PMID- 4053365
TI  - Need the small laboratory still use the plasma creatine kinase/aspartate
      aminotransferase ratio?

PMID- 4053366
TI  - RIA of cyclosporin in whole blood: sample preparation that ensures lysis.

PMID- 4053368
TI  - Seralyzer ARIS and Abbott TDx theophylline II assay systems compared.

PMID- 4053367
TI  - Can solid-phase antibody be recycled for immunoassay of thyroxin and
      triiodothyronine?

PMID- 4053369
TI  - Should plasma high-density lipoprotein phospholipids be evaluated?

PMID- 4053370
TI  - The concentration of vitamin B12 in serum correlates with the degree of fatty
      liver in morbidly obese patients.

PMID- 4053371
TI  - Diagnostic performance of a commercial assay for thyrotropin, when used as the
      initial test of thyroid function.

PMID- 4053372
TI  - Use of cellulose thin-layer chromatographic plates to detect methylmalonic acid
      in urine.

PMID- 4053373
TI  - Free amino acid concentrations in pericardial fluid.

PMID- 4053374
TI  - Potential error in an immunoradiometric kit for determining choriogonadotropin.

PMID- 4053375
TI  - Modified liquid-chromatographic method for creatinine determination: a rebuttal.

PMID- 4053376
TI  - A case of immunoglobulin A-linked lactate dehydrogenase with high lactate
      dehydrogenase activity.

PMID- 4053378
TI  - Automated dry-film method evaluated for total bilirubin in serum.

PMID- 4053377
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic determination of sisomicin in plasma, with fluorometric
      pre-column derivatization.

PMID- 4053379
TI  - Clinical experience with the Helena Fetal-Tek method of lecithin/sphingomyelin
      determination.

PMID- 4053380
TI  - Linearity of results by low-concentration glucose strips evaluated.

PMID- 4053381
TI  - Deficiency of acyl-CoA:dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase in thrombocytes
      of Zellweger patients: a simple postnatal diagnostic test.
AB  - Activity of acyl-CoA: dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase, a membrane
      bound peroxisomal enzyme in mammalian liver cells catalyzing the first step in
      the biosynthesis of etherphospholipids, is detectable in thrombocytes isolated
      from blood of human controls. However, in thrombocytes from patients affected by
      the cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome, the activity of this enzyme is
      severely reduced, permitting rapid postnatal biochemical detection of this severe
      inborn disease, by measuring the enzyme activity in patients' thrombocytes.

PMID- 4053382
TI  - Circulating prostatic acid phosphatase-immunoglobulin complexes in Sjogren's
      syndrome.
AB  - Elevated level of serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) activity in a patient
      with Sjogren's syndrome was found to be due to the presence of PAP-immunoglobulin
      complexes in circulation. The patient did not have a prostatic malignancy. The
      complexes were demonstrated by counter-immunoelectrophoresis, protein A-Sepharose
      immunoprecipitation and agarose-gel electrophoresis. Free enzyme was not detected
      in serum, and the activity of the complexed enzyme was probably unaltered on
      binding with the immunoglobulins.

PMID- 4053383
TI  - Determination of zinc and copper in urine using Zeeman effect flame atomic
      absorption spectroscopy.
AB  - Zinc and copper were determined in urine using polarized Zeeman effect flame
      atomic absorption spectrophotometry. For the zinc assay, urine was diluted 1/10
      with deionized water. Concentrations could be determined by comparison to
      standards in a salt matrix or in a commercial urine control. The linearity of the
      assay was 350 micrograms/l, the detection limit was 1.2 micrograms/l and the
      within-run relative standard deviation (RSD) was 2.08%, 3.06%, 0.71% and 1.29%
      for specimens with zinc concentrations of 202 micrograms/l, 206 micrograms/l, 1
      003 micrograms/l and 1 032 micrograms/l, respectively. The between-run RSD was
      2.34% for a mean zinc concentration of 461 micrograms/l. For the copper assay,
      urine was aspirated directly and concentrations were determined by standard
      additions. The linearity of the assay was 5 000 micrograms/l, the detection limit
      was 4.6 micrograms/l and the within-run RSD was 24.49%, 16.10%, 4.00% and 3.19%
      for specimens with copper concentrations of 9.8 micrograms/l, 11.8 micrograms/l,
      50.0 micrograms/l and 50.2 micrograms/l, respectively. The between-run RSD was
      8.78% and 4.72% for specimens with copper concentrations of 21.1 micrograms/l and
      40.3 micrograms/l, respectively.

PMID- 4053384
TI  - Determination of zinc in whole blood, plasma and serum using Zeeman effect flame
      atomic absorption spectroscopy.
AB  - Methods are presented for the determination of zinc in whole blood, plasma and
      serum using Zeeman effect flame atomic absorption spectroscopy and a flame
      microsampling funnel. Whole blood was diluted 1/25 with 0.10 mol/l hydrochloric
      acid; plasma and serum were diluted 1/5 with deionized water. Concentrations
      could be read directly from standards prepared in human blood pools. The within
      run relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.50%, 0.82% and 0.61% for whole blood
      specimens with concentrations of 4 360 micrograms/l, 5 967 micrograms/l and 8 297
      micrograms/l, respectively. The within-run RSD was 2.09%, 1.16% and 0.62% for
      plasma specimens with zinc concentrations of 442 micrograms/l, 976 micrograms/l
      and 1 731 micrograms/l, respectively. The within-run RSD was 1.18%, 1.22% and
      1.02% for serum specimens with zinc concentrations of 492 micrograms/l, 1 023
      micrograms/l and 1 533 micrograms/l, respectively. The detection limit was 3.6
      micrograms/l.

PMID- 4053385
TI  - A study of the microheterogeneity of transferrin in cirrhotic patients.
AB  - In order to assess the specificity of transferrin molecular changes, we compared
      concentrations of subfractions and total transferrin in cirrhotic patients, in
      patients having non-alcoholic hepatitis, in patients with liver cancer, and in
      controls. The study was carried out in 79 patients divided into four groups: 20
      patients with biopsy-proven cirrhosis of alcoholic origin, 20 patients with non
      alcoholic hepatitis, 19 patients with liver cancer and 20 controls. Subfractions
      of serum transferrin were separated by isoelectric focusing followed by direct
      immunofixation. Fractions pI 5.7 percentages (expressed as percentages of one
      fraction over total transferrin) were significantly higher in the cirrhotic group
      than in the control group (p less than 0.01). Fraction pI 5.9 percentages were
      significantly higher in the cirrhotic group than in the hepatitis or control
      groups (p less than 0.05), or liver cancer group (p less than 0.01). A
      quantitative increase of fraction pI 5.7 was found in the cirrhotic patients.
      However, in this study, this parameter did not discriminate between patients with
      parenchymal liver diseases of alcoholic or other origin. Therefore, the value of
      determining fraction pI 5.7 as a marker of chronic alcohol consumption seems
      questionable. The elevation of fraction pI 5.9 constantly found in the cirrhotic
      patients could not be explained and needs further investigations.

PMID- 4053386
TI  - Thermal transition studies of a mature xanthelasma by differential scanning
      calorimetry.
AB  - A large xanthelasma which had been present for at least 5 years was removed
      surgically from a normolipaemic female age 54 years, and examined in the fresh
      state by differential scanning calorimetry. Thermal transitions recorded over the
      range 30-40 degrees C suggest that the lipid present, predominantly esterified
      cholesterol, is not bound to protein or other tissue components, and that the
      chronicity of mature xanthelasmata as with ectopic lipid deposits at other sites
      is enhanced by chemical modification of lipid and effects on component phase
      behaviour, which are significant at local skin temperature.

PMID- 4053387
TI  - Urinary steroid profiles in pregnancy by capillary column gas chromatography.
AB  - A qualitative and quantitative method for the estimation of urinary steroids
      during pregnancy by capillary column gas chromatography has been developed.
      Steroid conjugates were hydrolysed by enzymes and free steroids isolated by
      extraction using SEP-PAK C18 cartridges. Methoxime-trimethylsilyl derivatives of
      the steroids were characterized by packed column gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry and subsequently by their retention indices on capillary column gas
      chromatography. Of the 48 peaks resolved on the profiles about 35 were identified
      as steroids. The retention indices of reference steroids were very reproducible
      in the short term showing a mean coefficient of variation of 0.015%. The columns
      allowed 95% valley resolution of steroids whose retention indices differed by
      only 7 units. The use of an on-column injection technique contributed to the high
      precision for replicate injections (coefficient of variation less than 1%) while
      for reference steroids, and well-resolved peaks in the urine profile, the mean
      coefficient of variation for the complete assay was less than 10%. To the best of
      our knowledge this is the first report concerning the quantitation, with good
      precision, of a large number of steroids in pregnancy urine.

PMID- 4053388
TI  - Age and sex dependency of the biochemical indices of bone remodelling.
AB  - The values for the bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase peak in the first
      two years of age, between 6 and 7 years of age, before the end of puberty and in
      the postmenopause. A population between the ages of 29 and 45 provides a
      reference population to which all other age groupings can be compared. A
      significant positive correlation was found between bone isoenzyme of serum
      alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline excretion in children as well as
      after puberty. However, in the children the urinary hydroxyproline excretion was
      significantly higher when compared with the bone isoenzyme of alkaline
      phosphatase. A significant positive correlation was found between the bone
      isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase and plasma tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase,
      irrespective of age and sex. The biochemical indices of bone remodelling
      correlated significantly with the growth rate in children and adolescents. The
      results are in good agreement with the concept of the coupling of bone formation
      to bone resorption.

PMID- 4053389
TI  - Benzoylalanine: detection and identification of an alanine conjugate with benzoic
      acid in hyperammonemic patients treated with sodium benzoate.
AB  - Urine of four hyperammonemic patients who were treated with large amounts of
      sodium benzoate were analyzed. Gas chromatographic and gas chromatograph-mass
      spectrometric analysis showed the presence of large amounts of benzoylalanine in
      addition to much hippuric acid. Benzoylalanine was identified by comparison with
      an authentic standard by means of its mass spectrum and the gas chromatographic
      retention time of its trimethylsilyl derivative. This abnormal metabolite is
      thought to be derived from the conjugation of benzoyl CoA with alanine. It is
      suggested that the excretion of benzoylalanine results from a reduction in the
      liver free glycine level caused by hippuric acid synthesis.

PMID- 4053390
TI  - Interference by sulfonylurea drugs with the Jaffe method for creatinine.

PMID- 4053391
TI  - Determination of seminal fructose using D-fructose dehydrogenase.

PMID- 4053392
TI  - A non-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring human plasma
      apolipoprotein B levels.

PMID- 4053393
TI  - Bile acid therapies applied to patients suffering from cerebrotendinous
      xanthomatosis.
AB  - Patients suffering from cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, an inborn error of
      metabolism in bile acid synthesis, were given oral treatment with
      chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid and taurocholic acid.
      The effectiveness of the different therapies was evaluated by measuring the
      urinary excretion of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,23,25-pentol,
      which should decrease, when the administered bile acid is able to suppress
      endogenous bile acid synthesis. From the results it is concluded that
      chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid activate the bile acid negative feedback
      mechanism, contrary to ursodeoxycholic acid and taurine conjugated cholic acid.
      Either cholic acid or chenodeoxycholic acid are the therapies of choice for the
      treatment of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. For various reasons the use of
      cholic acid is especially recommended.

PMID- 4053394
TI  - Semi-automated determination of chromium in whole blood and serum by Zeeman
      electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
AB  - Direct determination of normal and elevated levels of chromium in whole blood and
      serum can be achieved using Zeeman effect electrothermal atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry. Whole blood and serum levels of chromium were determined for
      an apparently healthy population and whole blood chromium levels for renal
      dialysis patients. Blood and serum specimens were diluted with distilled
      deionized water and Triton X-100. The analyses were performed utilizing air as
      the alternate gas to facilitate ashing in one of the char steps. Within-run
      precision studies for whole blood chromium determinations gave relative SD values
      of 4.75 and 4.65% for 0.358 and 0.172 microgram/l, respectively. Within-run
      precision studies for the serum chromium analysis yield relative SD values of
      5.26 and 2.67% for 0.156 and 0.300 microgram/l, respectively. Detection limits
      were 0.025 and 0.018 microgram/l for whole blood and serum, respectively. The
      mean chromium level found in whole blood and serum specimens from apparently
      normal individuals were 0.371 microgram/l (n = 37) and 0.130 microgram/l (n =
      19), with ranges of 0.120-0.673 and 0.058-0.388 microgram/l, respectively.

PMID- 4053395
TI  - Mass screening for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: improved
      fluorescent spot test.
AB  - New data on the reliability of the fluorescent spot test are presented.
      Improvements in the assay were established. Newborn mass screening for glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD, EC 1.1.1.49) deficiency was performed with dried
      blood samples on filter paper (Guthrie-cards). Females, known to be heterozygote
      for G-6-PD deficiency were detected at a rate of approximately 30-70%, depending
      on the storage conditions of the samples. False positive results in male
      hemizygotes were eliminated.

PMID- 4053396
TI  - The concentration of blood components related to fuel metabolism during prolonged
      fasting in children.
AB  - In order to study the relationship between sex, age and glucose, and the
      concentrations of various fuel related blood substrates in children during
      prolonged fasting, we have selected data of fasting procedures in 13 control
      children aged 3-5 yr, fasted 24 h, and 58 control children aged 6-15 yr, fasted
      40 h. Compared to the blood results after overnight fast, glucose is decreased,
      and lactate, pyruvate, ketones and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA's) are all
      clearly increased at the end of fast. The concentrations of alanine and
      triglycerides remain unchanged. The relation with sex, age and glucose has only
      been analyzed in the older children group. A sex-dependency is indicated for the
      ketones. Ketones are negatively related with age. NEFA's pyruvate and alanine are
      not age-related, whereas glucose, lactate and triglycerides are moderately age
      dependent. Ketones are negatively related with glucose, whereas pyruvate, NEFA's
      and triglycerides are not glucose-related. Lactate and alanine are weakly related
      to glucose. The data demonstrate diminished glucose homeostasis and increased
      ketogenesis in younger children compared to older ones during prolonged fasting.

PMID- 4053398
TI  - Decreased serum beta-D-mannosidase activity in diabetic patients, in comparison
      with other glycosidases.
AB  - A study of four lysosomal glycosidases' activities was carried out on sera from
      64 diabetic patients, which revealed important variations in comparison with the
      activities observed in sera of control subjects. Depending on the type of
      diabetes mellitus (I, insulin-dependent, or II, non-insulin-dependent), three
      activities were more or less increased: alpha-L-fucosidase, alpha-D-mannosidase,
      and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, in agreement with previously published
      results. Against that, the beta-D-mannosidase activity shows a highly significant
      decrease in sera from either diabetic type. Up to now, no suitable explanation
      has been found for these variations occurring in an unusual direction.

PMID- 4053397
TI  - Serum ferritin in type I diabetes.
AB  - The concentration and degree of glycosylation of serum ferritin was evaluated in
      type I male diabetic patients at different levels of glycaemic control. Serum
      ferritin did not appear to be affected by hyperglycaemia, but some patients
      undergoing photocoagulation had abnormally high levels of serum ferritin. The
      glycosylated, (concanavalin A binding), proportion of serum ferritin was
      essentially the same in the control and diabetic groups. The finding that
      hyperglycaemia does not affect the degree of enzymatic glycosylation of this
      serum protein is discussed.

PMID- 4053399
TI  - Determination of free and total 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol in human
      plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.
AB  - A new assay method for the determination of free and total 3-methoxy-4
      hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG) in human plasma is described. MHPG was
      purified with a Bond Elut PH column followed by ethyl acetate extraction. High
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection was used
      for separation and detection of MHPG. Total MHPG was measured after enzymatic
      hydrolysis with sulfatase type H-5. 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylethylene glycol (iso
      MHPG) was used as an internal standard to correct the recovery of extraction. One
      assay could be completed within 20 min with a short reverse-phase column. This
      technique is sensitive, reliable and less time-consuming than other HPLC methods.
      With this method, the plasma values of MHPG in healthy controls were in good
      agreement with those using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

PMID- 4053400
TI  - Age- and sex-related differences in urinary excretion of 6 beta-hydroxycortisol
      in humans.
AB  - A study of normal subjects showed that the 24-h urinary 6 beta-hydroxycortisol
      level is age-dependent, with a maximum at 14-20 yr in both men and women. The
      ratio of 6 beta-hydroxycortisol/cortisol also showed an age-dependent variation,
      being higher in children than adults. There was a significant difference between
      boys and girls aged 5-10 yr, but no difference in other subjects. No sex
      difference was demonstrable in the ratio of 6 beta-hydroxycortisol/cortisol.
      Examination of circadian rhythm revealed that 6 beta-hydroxycortisol and cortisol
      correlated well in children, but showed poor correlation in adults, with a
      lowered morning peak of 6 beta-hydroxycortisol.

PMID- 4053401
TI  - Mevalonic aciduria: an inborn error of cholesterol biosynthesis?

PMID- 4053402
TI  - Determination of individual human faecal bile acids by gas-liquid chromatography
      after enzymatic deconjugation and simultaneous solvolysis and methylation using
      dimethoxypropane.

PMID- 4053403
TI  - A simple spectrophotometric method for quantitative fecal carbohydrate
      measurement.
AB  - A simple quantitative assay was developed for measuring total fecal carbohydrate
      (CHO) excretion using stools obtained during balance studies performed for fecal
      fat determination. This spectrophotometric method utilizes Dreywood's anthrone
      reagent which reacts with equal weights of CHO whether monosaccharide or
      polysaccharide. Analysis of known dietary CHO solutions yielded greater than 90%
      of the known theoretical concentration. Recovery of CHO (Polycose) added to fresh
      stool was greater than 95%, inter-assay coefficient of variation (CV) 6.2%. Stool
      specimens stored frozen and analyzed over a 21-month period yielded stable
      results. Fecal CHO excretion/day determined in 32 normal patients, ages 1 month
      to 13 years, on diets with varying CHO sources, ranged from 0.04 to 0.85 g,
      average 0.33 g, SD +/- 0.24. Three patients with diseases known to be associated
      with CHO malabsorption studied showed markedly increased total fecal CHO
      excretion, up to 53% of their CHO intake. Quantitative fecal CHO excretion in
      these patients allowed for assessment of the severity of their disease and
      provided a means for evaluating the use of different dietary CHO sources in their
      management.

PMID- 4053404
TI  - Effect of nifedipine in hypothermic cardioplegia: a phosphorus-31 nuclear
      magnetic resonance study.
AB  - The ability of nifedipine to enhance myocardial protection was assessed on
      isolated perfused rat hearts subjected to 180 min of hypothermic (20 degrees C),
      global ischemia, followed by 45 min of normothermic reperfusion. Intracellular
      pH, ATP, Pi and phosphocreatine content were serially measured at 4 min intervals
      by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and correlated with
      simultaneously recorded hemodynamic parameters. Addition of nifedipine (0.075
      mumol/l and 0.5 mumol/l) to Saint Thomas' cardioplegic solution reduced Pi
      accumulation during ischemic arrest and increased phosphocreatine levels during
      reperfusion. Post-ischemic functional recovery was not improved at a drug
      concentration of 0.075 mumol/l and was depressed at 0.5 mumol/l. These results
      clearly show that the presence of nifedipine in Saint Thomas' cardioplegic
      solution does not provide significant additional myocardial protection under
      hypothermic conditions.

PMID- 4053405
TI  - Quantitative determination of phosphatidylglycerol in amniotic fluid by enzymatic
      assay.
AB  - Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) was extracted from 54 human amniotic fluids for the
      assessment of fetal lung maturity. The PG values were derived from an enzymatic
      assay involving initial conversion of PG to glycerol by phospholipase C and
      alkaline phosphatase with subsequent analysis of the glycerol formed. This method
      proved to be reliable when compared with a method for two-dimensional thin layer
      chromatographic (2D TLC) analysis of amniotic fluid phospholipids. The results
      revealed that in all but one of 27 amniotic fluids in which no PG was detected by
      2D TLC, enzymatic PG concentrations were less than or equal to 1.5 mumol/l and
      out of these, from 10 newborn infants delivered within 72 h of sampling, 4
      developed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Conversely, in all but one of 27
      amniotic fluids found to contain PG by 2D TLC, enzymatic PG concentrations were
      greater than 1.5 mumol/l and except for one subject from non-identical twins, no
      infants developed RDS.

PMID- 4053406
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity
      in platelet rich plasma of depressed patients treated with phenelzine.
AB  - Monitoring platelet monoamine oxidase activity in plasma of depressed patients
      receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors is used as an indicator of therapeutic
      dosage and efficacy. In this study enzyme activity in platelets vs platelet rich
      plasma was compared. An aliquot of platelet rich plasma (PRP) was incubated with
      4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylamine as substrate. After stopping the enzymatic
      reaction, m-hydroxybenzaldehyde was added to the mixture as internal standard.
      The reaction mixture was extracted with toluene to isolate vanillin, the
      deamination product of the substrate, and the internal standard. The toluene
      layer was collected and back extracted into dilute tetramethylammonium hydroxide.
      An aliquot of the aqueous layer was chromatographed on a non-silica resin base
      reversed phase column with an alkaline phase. The peaks were detected by an
      absorbance detector at 350 nm. There was no significant difference in the
      decrease of monoamine oxidase activity when determined using platelet rich plasma
      versus washed platelets.

PMID- 4053407
TI  - Changes in human plasma alpha-D-mannosidase activity during pregnancy.
AB  - There are significant and progressive increases in plasma acidic (pH optimum 4.2)
      and intermediate (pH optimum 5.6) alpha-mannosidase during pregnancy. The acidic
      alpha-mannosidase in plasma from pregnant women binds to concanavalin A and has
      the same apparent molecular weight as the acidic alpha-mannosidase in control
      plasma. The 2-3-fold increase in acidic alpha-mannosidase in pregnancy is due to
      an increase in the most negatively charged form of acidic alpha-mannosidase, B2,
      which is slightly more negatively charged than its counterpart in the control
      plasma. The intermediate alpha-mannosidase, which increases by approximately 50%
      during pregnancy, can be resolved by a combination of chromatography on
      concanavalin A and gel filtration into the same forms found in control plasma.

PMID- 4053408
TI  - Level of plasma fibronectin in patients with peripheral vascular disease.
AB  - Plasma concentration of fibronectin, a recently characterized high molecular mass
      glycoprotein, was determined in patients with peripheral vascular disease. The
      plasma fibronectin concentration was lower in patients with peripheral
      obstructive arterial disease as well as in patients with venous disease, than in
      corresponding healthy controls. Patients with venous disease had significantly
      lower levels of plasma fibronectin than patients with peripheral obstructive
      arterial disease. The patients with peripheral arterial disease were divided into
      two groups, one having diabetes and another not having diabetes respectively.
      Between these two groups there was no significant difference in plasma
      fibronectin concentration.

PMID- 4053409
TI  - HLA antigens and familial benign hypercalcaemia.
AB  - We have determined the blood groups and HLA haplotypes in 15 members in four
      generations of a large kindred with familial benign hypercalcaemia (familial
      hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia). No linkage was seen between the disorder and ABO
      or Rh blood groups or the HLA antigens.

PMID- 4053411
TI  - The role of plasma osmolality, angiotensin II and dopamine in vasopressin release
      in man.
AB  - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for arginine vasopressin was used to
      compare the relative importance of changes in plasma osmolality, angiotensin II
      and dopamine in the regulation of vasopressin secretion in man. One hour after
      water loading plasma vasopressin fell from 0.40 to 0.06 pmol/l, while 8 h and 24
      h fluid restriction resulted in a rise of vasopressin from 0.29 to 0.54 and 1.37
      pmol/l respectively. In contrast neither dietary sodium deprivation, when plasma
      angiotensin II increased 5-fold, nor dopamine infusion, at a rate which increased
      circulating dopamine levels up to 244-fold, had any effect on basal plasma
      vasopressin values. These results confirm that, under physiological conditions,
      osmoregulation is the major mechanism controlling vasopressin release and
      suggests that circulating angiotensin II and dopamine have no significant part to
      play.

PMID- 4053410
TI  - Reciprocal changes of serum thyroglobulin and TSH in residents of a moderate
      endemic goitre area.
AB  - Subjects living in iodine deficient areas were reported to have elevated serum
      thyroglobulin (Tg) concentrations. This finding was interpreted as related to
      thyroid stimulation. Discrepant results, however, were found when serum Tg
      concentrations were correlated either with serum TSH or with goitre size. In this
      study we investigated the relationships between goitre size, serum Tg and serum
      TSH in 488 unselected adult subjects living in an endemic area of North-Western
      Tuscany (Garfagnana district). The control group comprised 352 subjects residing
      in a non-endemic area. In the endemic area a high prevalence of goitre was found
      (80.1%), thyroid enlargement being slight to moderate in the majority of cases
      and very large only in six subjects. Serum Tg concentrations increased and serum
      TSH levels decreased with the size of goitre. Statistical analysis by the chi
      square cross correlation test showed that the converse changes of serum Tg and
      serum TSH in relation to goitre size were highly significant. These findings
      indicate that the increase of serum Tg occurring in endemic goitrous subjects may
      be related to factors other than TSH stimulation. Functional autonomy of the
      thyroid may account for the finding of low serum TSH and elevated serum Tg values
      in patients with large goitres. The present data do not exclude the possibility
      that the release of Tg is influenced by TSH stimulation, but indicate that other
      factors may be responsible for the increased levels of Tg found in endemic
      goitre.

PMID- 4053412
TI  - The influence of oestrogens on the sensitivity of PRL, TSH and LH to the
      inhibitory actions of dopamine in hyperprolactinaemic patients.
AB  - The effects of oestrogen priming on the response of serum PRL, LH and TSH to
      dopamine (DA) infusion have been studied in hyperprolactinaemia. Seven
      hyperprolactinaemic females (aged 22-57 years; basal PRL 911-5130 mU/l, normal
      less than 420 mU/l), had submaximal DA infusions (0.06 micrograms/kg/min) over 3
      h. The DA was repeated at the same dose after pretreatment with ethinyl
      oestradiol (E2) 100 micrograms daily by mouth for 3 d, and after a further 2 week
      interval, following pretreatment with tamoxifen (TAM) 20 mg twice a day by mouth
      for 3 d. Ethinyl oestradiol pretreatment stimulated a rise in basal PRL levels in
      all subjects (mean +/- SE, mU/l; 2903 +/- 761 vs 2293 +/- 684, P less than 0.05)
      while TAM produced a higher but more variable increase in basal PRL levels (mean
      +/- SE, mU/l; 3402 +/- 757, P = n.s.). The individual increments in basal PRL
      levels after both E2 and TAM pretreatment showed a significant positive
      correlation with the greater decrement in PRL levels during E2 and TAM primed DA
      infusions (E2, r = 0.93, P less than 0.01, TAM, r = 0.83, P less than 0.05). E2
      pretreatment produced a rise in basal LH levels in 5/7 patients, and there was a
      significant positive correlation between the rise in basal LH levels after E2 and
      the decremental change in LH levels in E2 primed DA infusions (r = 0.94, P less
      than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4053413
TI  - Serum sex hormone concentrations in insulin dependent diabetic women with and
      without amenorrhoea.
AB  - Abnormal steroid secretion may contribute to anovulation in insulin dependent
      diabetic patients with amenorrhoea. We have measured serum sex hormone-binding
      globulin (SHBG) and free and bound oestrogen and androgen levels in 17 such
      patients. As controls we included 17 patients with insulin dependent diabetes
      mellitus and normal menstrual cycles, 21 regularly menstruating normal women
      (both sampled during early follicular phase), and 23 non-diabetic patients with
      amenorrhoea. The diabetic patients with normal cycles had significantly higher
      serum concentrations of delta 4-androstenedione and testosterone than the normal
      women (P less than 0.01). The amenorrhoeic diabetics in contrast had
      significantly lower serum concentrations of SHBG, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and
      free and total oestradiol-17 beta than either group of menstruating women (P less
      than 0.05), and significantly lower concentrations of delta 4-androstenedione (P
      less than 0.01), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (P less than 0.01), testosterone
      (P less than 0.01), and oestrone (P less than 0.05), than the cycling diabetics.
      The two amenorrhoeic groups had similar free and bound sex hormone concentrations
      except that delta 4-androstenedione levels were significantly lower in the
      diabetics (P less than 0.01). We conclude that the low sex hormone levels in
      diabetic women with amenorrhea may be due to suppression of the hypothalamic
      pituitary axis in view of the impaired LH secretion found in these patients and
      that excess androgen secretion seems not to be of aetiological importance in
      amenorrhea related to diabetes mellitus. The decreased steroid levels in
      amenorrheic diabetics is due to their suppressed ovarian function while the
      increased androgen levels in diabetics with regular cycles are probably of
      ovarian origin.

PMID- 4053414
TI  - The effect of spironolactone on hirsutism and female androgen metabolism.
AB  - An objective evaluation of the anti-androgen effects of spironolactone was
      performed in a consecutive series of 12 hirsute patients receiving a daily dose
      of 150 mg; nine completed the study. Using a computer assisted image analyser,
      hair diameter on two weekly shavings decreased significantly over a 12 month
      period in three of the patients, although growth rate and mean diameter did not
      change in the group as a whole. Plasma testosterone fell significantly to a mean
      of 53% of basal levels. The mean free testosterone (derived) fell significantly
      to 64% of basal by the sixth month (P = less than 0.005) and remained
      significantly depressed the remainder of the study. There was subjective benefit
      in hair growth and greasiness and a significant reduction in the semi-objective
      Ferriman-Gallwey index in nine of 10 subjects assessed for at least 9 months. We
      conclude that although spironolactone was not consistently successful, it may
      represent effective therapy for a sub group of patients with hirsutism.

PMID- 4053415
TI  - Restoration of dexamethasone suppression by incomplete adenomectomy in Cushing's
      disease.
AB  - Two cases of pituitary-dependent Cushing's disease are described. Selective
      transphenoidal adenomectomy was attempted in each, but proved incomplete.
      Although both patients had persistent Cushing's disease after the operation, both
      were shown to have been rendered fully dexamethasone suppressible. The
      pathophysiological basis of partial suppressibility is discussed, as are the
      criteria for the diagnosis of cure in Cushing's disease treated by selective
      adenomectomy.

PMID- 4053416
TI  - Interstitial irradiation for squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity.
AB  - Interstitial radiation delivered by iridium 192 implants was used to treat 38
      patients with squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity. Thirty-six patients had
      either T1 or T2 tumours and no patient had palpable nodes at the time of
      implantation. Control of the primary tumour was achieved in all but 2 patients;
      these 2 were successfully treated by surgery. Fifteen patients (39%) went on to
      develop metastatic neck nodes. Nine were cured by radical neck dissection but the
      remaining 6 died of their disease. This gives a 5-year actuarial survival of 81%.
      Since all deaths occurred after the development of metastatic disease in the neck
      with control of the primary lesion, the evidence for and against prophylactic
      treatment of the neck lymphatics in clinically negative necks was reviewed.
      Prophylactic irradiation of the neck is probably preferable to any form of neck
      dissection but clear evidence that this improves long-term survival compared with
      careful follow-up and radical neck dissection for palpable nodes is still
      lacking.

PMID- 4053417
TI  - The surgical treatment of cholesteatoma in children.
AB  - Between 1966 and 1981, 141 cholesteatomas were operated upon in children who were
      3-15 years old. Radical mastoidectomy was performed in 5 cases. Open cavity
      tympanoplasty was done in 3 cases. Intact canal wall technique was performed in
      99 cases, with a planned second stage in 83 cases (all cholesteatoma cases since
      1973). ICWT avoids a large cavity in a well pneumatized mastoid and the second
      stage controls residual cholesteatomas which were more frequent in children (50%)
      than in adults (22%). Because of multiple or large residual cholesteatomas, a
      third stage was performed in 3 cases. Because of a large mesotympanum and/or
      attic residual cholesteatoma, a transformation of ICWT to an obliteration
      technique was performed in 4 cases. Retraction pockets were found after the first
      stage in 12 cases and a transformation of ICWT to an obliteration technique was
      done in 8 cases at the second stage. Late retraction pockets were found after 5
      years in 20% after 2 stages and in 25% after one stage. If a retraction pocket is
      observed at the second stage, transformation of ICWT to an obliteration technique
      must be performed. Obliteration technique was performed in 34 cases. A second
      stage was planned in 26 cases only if the mesotympanum was to be dissected raw.
      Hearing results were better with an intact stapes (56% of air-bone gap less than
      or equal to 20 dB).

PMID- 4053418
TI  - Rhinomanometry in routine allergen challenge.
AB  - Ten patients with allergic rhinitis due to grass pollen were challenged out of
      season with increasing concentrations of a well defined grass pollen extract. The
      reactions to challenge were followed by active anterior rhinomanometry at rest
      and just after exercise, rhinoscopy, counting of sneezes, measurement of
      secretion, and registration of the patient's subjective symptoms. It was not
      possible to detect a positive reaction earlier with rhinomanometry than the other
      methods. Thus, rhinomanometry does not seem necessary in routine allergologic
      work.

PMID- 4053419
TI  - Sudden hearing loss in the elderly.
AB  - In elderly subjects suffering from presbycusis a clinical picture of sudden
      hearing loss, tinnitus and vertigo may be precipitated by a superimposed serous
      otitis media. Such an abrupt and dramatic sensory deficiency may be erroneously
      ascribed to an acute cochlear lesion and given grave prognostication. This
      situation was observed in 12 patients during a period of 2 years. Appropriate
      diagnostic evaluation revealed the true nature of the disease and simple
      therapeutic measures promptly restored the auditory function to its previous
      level.

PMID- 4053420
TI  - The influence of raised body temperature on auditory evoked brainstem responses.
AB  - The influence of raised body temperature on the auditory evoked brainstem
      responses (BSER) has been investigated in 9 healthy volunteers. Ipsi- and
      contralateral BSER recordings were obtained before and after raising body
      temperature by at least 1 degree C by means of a specially constructed heat
      cradle. In two of the subjects further BSER recordings were obtained after their
      body temperature had been allowed to fall again to its preheated level. The
      results for wave V have been analysed in detail: the latency in the 5 men
      shortened from a mean of 5.84 ms (s.d. 0.193) to a mean of 5.62 ms (s.d. 0.185).
      For the 4 women the figures were 5.87 ms (s.d. 0.105) and 5.68 ms (s.d. 0.105).
      Using paired t-tests this change is highly significant (P less than 0.001).
      Similar changes were observed in the other waves although they were less
      consistent. In the 2 subjects who were allowed to cool again after heating, the
      BSER wave latencies returned to their preheated values. It is concluded that
      nerve conduction rates in the auditory pathway are influenced by body temperature
      and that this may have to be taken into account when interpreting BSER
      recordings.

PMID- 4053421
TI  - Carcinoma of the nasal vestibule: prognostic factors in relation to lymph node
      metastasis.
AB  - In this retrospective study 127 patients with a squamous cell carcinoma of the
      nasal vestibule were evaluated. Though treated with curative intent, 23 patients
      eventually died with or because of tumour. Lymph node metastases were of the
      utmost importance and were detected in 31 patients, in two-thirds of whom the
      treatment was unsuccessful. Since elective treatment of possible lymph node
      metastases is a possibility to improve prognosis we have established a high-risk
      group in which metastases are to be expected and elective treatment of the neck
      should be considered. These patients are those with a large lesion on
      presentation and those with a poorly differentiated tumour.

PMID- 4053422
TI  - Orbital wall thickness and the spread of infection from the paranasal sinuses.
AB  - Ninety-three human skulls (80 adults and 13 children) have been examined and the
      extent of thin bone in the party walls between the orbit and the frontal,
      ethmoidal and maxillary sinuses has been assessed. Translucent bone is most often
      present in the lateral wall of the ethmoidal labyrinth and least often in the
      floor of the frontal sinus. In children such bone is present significantly less
      often in the roof of the maxillary sinus (P less than 0.001) than in adults.
      Computerized tomography scans and clinical data from 6 patients with orbital
      cellulitis were reviewed. In one of these an inferolateral subperiosteal abscess
      of the orbit was associated with a defect in the roof of the maxillary sinus. Two
      patients had a medial subperiosteal abscess associated with ethmoiditis and in
      one there was direct continuity between the abscess and the adjacent ethmoidal
      cells. In another case a superolateral abscess was demonstrated in continuity
      with a surgical defect in the floor of the frontal sinus. We conclude that the
      ethmoidal, frontal or maxillary sinuses may be sources of orbital infection and
      that spread occurs either by direct extension through the sinus wall or by local
      thrombophlebitis.

PMID- 4053423
TI  - Stapedectomy and vertigo.
AB  - The relationship between vestibular and cochlear function in stapedectomy was
      investigated in 722 patients (925 ears). There were no differences in hearing
      between patients with and without pre-operative complaints of vertigo. Post
      operatively patients with long lasting vertigo obtained equally good hearing
      results as the others. The direction of spontaneous nystagmus post-operatively in
      relation to the operated ear was of no prognostic significance regarding short
      term hearing results. However, at follow-up an average of 15 years after the
      operation, hearing was somewhat poorer in those having spontaneous nystagmus
      towards the operated ear. At follow-up 17% had an abnormal caloric test.

PMID- 4053424
TI  - Influence of protein restriction on lymphoid cell populations characterized by
      the binding of peanut agglutinin.
AB  - Cells binding peanut agglutinin (PNA) were studied in the thymus, spleen, and
      mesenteric lymph nodes from mice placed in the post weaning period on protein
      restricted diets containing 8% (R8%) and 4% (R4%) casein. The proportion of PNA+
      thymocytes and the absolute number of total and PNA+ cells in the thymus were
      significantly diminished in R8% and R4% mice. Larger proportion of PNA+
      thymocytes showed weaker fluorescence in R8% and R4% than in normally fed (N)
      animals. Recovery of PNA+ thymocytes was observed in R8% but not in R4% mice at 8
      weeks. The number of total and PNA+ cells was significantly diminished although
      the proportion of PNA+ cells was not modified in the peripheral lymphoid organs
      of R8% and R4% mice. Results indicate that protein restriction preferentially
      affected the immature cortical PNA+ cells in the thymus whereas cell depletion in
      the peripheral lymphoid organs occurred at the expense of both the PNA+ and PNA-
      subpopulations.

PMID- 4053425
TI  - Experimental allergic orchitis in mice. I. A new model induced by immunization
      without adjuvants.
AB  - Experimental allergic orchitis (EAO) was induced in cyclophosphamide (CY)
      pretreated C3H/He mice by immunization with viable testicular cells (TC) without
      any adjuvants. The pathological changes such as hypospermatogenesis in the
      seminiferous tubules and mild cellular infiltration in the interstitium were
      observed in most mice thus treated. Delayed footpad reaction (DFR) against
      testicular antigen and anti-sperm antibody in sera were detected in those mice.
      This murine model of orchitis is new and simple in that no adjuvants are used for
      induction and can be useful in further studies on mechanisms of induction and
      maintenance of EAO.

PMID- 4053426
TI  - Immunological and microbiological factors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
AB  - Among the several pathological events that lead to the formation of an
      atheromatous lesion, endothelial cell damage, smooth muscle cell proliferation,
      and foam cell formation, are considered as particularly significant. In this
      review we summarize data suggesting that immunological and microbial factors may
      cause, directly or indirectly, these pathological events. Binding of
      immunocomplexes to endothelial cells, phagocytic cells, platelets, or
      erythrocytes could be the starting point for a variety of circuits leading to
      endothelial cell cytotoxicity and to the release of a variety of mediators,
      including cell proliferative factors. Endothelial cell toxicity could also be
      induced, directly or indirectly, by endotoxin; however, the possibility that
      endotoxin and other microbial factors may induce abnormalities in lipid
      metabolism at the monocyte/macrophage level which eventually result in
      intracellular accumulation of cholesterol (particularly if cholesterol levels are
      elevated) is specially attractive as a potential pathogenic mechanism. The
      various pathologic pathways discussed in this review appear plausible on the
      basis of our current knowledge and point to the need to investigate the potential
      role of infectious processes, autoimmune reactions, and administration of
      antigenic compounds as possible risk factors for the development of
      atherosclerosis.

PMID- 4053427
TI  - Spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis in obese strain chickens: a genetic analysis
      of target organ abnormalities.
AB  - In this study we investigated the genetic background of primary abnormalities
      found in the thyroid gland of Obese strain (OS) chickens with spontaneous
      autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT), i.e., susceptibility to passively transferred
      antibodies to thyroglobulin (TgAb) and incomplete suppression of iodine uptake by
      thyroxine (T4). Several crosses between the B15/B15 subline of OS chickens and
      the inbred CB line (B12/B12) were done and the progeny was analyzed for
      thyroiditis after injection of OS serum containing high titers of TgAb. It was
      found that passive transfer of TgAb increased the lymphoid infiltration in the
      thyroids of OS chickens, but had no effect on CB birds. A genetic analysis of
      backcrosses revealed that this trait is, in the case of simple Mendelian
      inheritance, encoded by at least three recessive genes. The thyroidal 131I uptake
      of these crosses under T4 was also determined and we found that this trait is
      most probably encoded by only one recessive gene.

PMID- 4053428
TI  - Myocardial infarction and the weather: a significant positive correlation between
      the onset of heart infarct and 28 KHz atmospherics--a pilot study.

PMID- 4053429
TI  - Cardiac amyloidosis: combined use of two-dimensional echocardiography and
      electrocardiography in noninvasive screening before biopsy.
AB  - Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) presenting with intractable congestive heart failure,
      electrocardiographic (ECG) normal or low voltage, and conduction or rhythm
      disturbances, is rapidly fatal. During life, CA often mimics other
      cardiomyopathies so that definitive diagnosis depends on demonstration of amyloid
      on myocardial biopsy. On two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo), nonspecific
      features, such as increased ventricular wall thicknesses, predominant diastolic
      dysfunction, and diffuse myocardial "sparkling," are consistently found in CA.
      The combined presence of these 2-D echo features and normal or low voltage on ECG
      is highly suggestive of CA, allows differentiation from other cardiomyopathies,
      and might be useful in noninvasive screening before myocardial biopsy.

PMID- 4053430
TI  - Cardiac arrhythmias during sleep in morbidly obese sleep-apneic patients before
      and after gastric bypass surgery.
AB  - Fourteen morbidly obese patients scheduled for gastric bypass surgery were
      diagnosed preoperatively as suffering from sleep apnea syndrome. There were 13
      males and 1 female aged 24 to 59 years. Mean preoperative excessive body weight
      was 222 +/- 38%; mean apnea index prior to surgery was 84 +/- 44. A whole night
      lead II ECG tracing was performed as part of the polyhypnographic recordings and
      was evaluated for cardiac arrhythmias. Studies were performed in all patients
      preoperatively and 6 months thereafter. Statistical analysis was done using the
      Student's paired t-test. In this group a high incidence of atrial and ventricular
      arrhythmias was found. Marked sinus arrhythmia was encountered in all patients
      and extreme sinus bradycardia in 4 of them. In a consecutive sleep study
      performed 6 months postoperatively most cardiac arrhythmias disappeared. Marked
      sinus arrhythmia persisted in only two patients and severe ventricular premature
      beats (Lown's grade III-IV), found preoperatively in all patients, were still
      present postoperatively in only two, although in a much milder form. Surgical
      weight reduction, therefore, is a valuable method in the abolishment of life
      threatening cardiac arrhythmias of the morbidly obese sleep-apneic patient.

PMID- 4053431
TI  - Incidence of complex ventricular arrhythmias in asymptomatic patients with recent
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - The incidence of ventricular extrasystoles (VES) was documented in 50 patients
      with recent uncomplicated myocardial infarction, with a 72-h two-channel
      ambulatory electrocardiogram. All patients were free of symptoms of arrhythmias;
      unstable angina pectoris and heart failure were absent. A total of 82% of the
      patients had VES: 23/50 patients had multiform or complex VES, 8/50 patients had
      ventricular tachycardia. VES were independent of heart rate and stable angina
      pectoris. Thus, frequent and complex VES are common in asymptomatic patients with
      uncomplicated recent myocardial infarction. Even in the absence of symptoms,
      ambulatory electrocardiography is useful. The prognostic significance of
      asymptomatic complex VES in these patients remains unsettled.

PMID- 4053432
TI  - The erythrocyte aggregation value as a measure of the risk of myocardial
      infarction and arteriosclerosis of peripheral arteries.
AB  - The erythrocyte aggregation value (AW) has been determined in groups of patients
      with and without coronary heart disease (CHD) and in a group of apparently normal
      subjects, using the Metricell apparatus as described by Kachel et al. The
      following results were obtained: There was a close correlation between the AW and
      the existence of CHD or arteriosclerosis of peripheral arteries. The precision of
      the retrospective prediction of CHD by this noninvasive test in male subjects
      aged over 45 years (total CHD prevalence = 0.494) was: sensitivity = 0.571,
      specificity = 0.767. The predictive value of positive tests (PVpos) was 0.706, of
      negative test (PVneg) 0.647. The discriminatory ability of the AW test was
      superior to that of serum cholesterol determinations or measurement of other CHD
      risk factors made in the same population. The AW rises exponentially with the
      total score for risk factors for CHD hazard for the subject. It appears, however,
      from the insignificant correlations observed that there is no direct connection
      between the AW and any single risk factor.

PMID- 4053433
TI  - Friedreich's ataxia associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and coronary
      vasospasm.
AB  - A rare patient with Friedreich's ataxia and hypertrophic obstructive
      cardiomyopathy who showed evidence of coronary artery vasospasm on ambulatory
      electrocardiographic monitoring is presented.

PMID- 4053434
TI  - Purulent meningococcal pericarditis: chronic percutaneous drainage with a
      modified catheter aided by echocardiography.
AB  - A 7-month-old infant presented with suspected sepsis. On the third day of illness
      signs of cardiac tamponade developed. Tamponade was relieved by
      pericardiocentesis, and countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) analysis of
      the fluid was positive for meningococcus group B. Antibiotic treatment was
      changed to penicillin G. After echocardiography demonstrated reaccumulation of
      fluid, a modified #16 gauge angiocatheter was placed percutaneously in the
      pericardial space. When drainage slowed it was repositioned using two-dimensional
      echocardiography. After 24 h the catheter was removed and no further accumulation
      occurred. The antibiotics were continued an additional 10 days and the infant
      recovered uneventfully. Modification of the catheter and echographic
      repositioning may decrease the need for surgical drainage in such patients.

PMID- 4053435
TI  - Nonsustained atrial flutter in a child without congenital heart disease.
AB  - An 8 1/2-year-old child without heart disease developed nonsustained atrial
      flutter by programmed atrial stimulation. Atrial re-entry was the underlying
      mechanism.

PMID- 4053436
TI  - Nutrition and atherosclerosis: some neglected aspects.
AB  - This article suggests that atherosclerosis is a plurideficiency disease.
      Increasing only linoleic acid intake in daily nutrition to counteract
      atherosclerosis has failed to give satisfactory results. The use of lecithin
      affects the metabolism and transportation of cholesterol in the blood more
      efficiently than do the polyunsaturated fats. Furthermore, insufficient
      quantities of vitamins B6 and C in the blood contribute to lesions of the
      arterial endothelium, which are indistinguishable from the first stages of
      atherosclerosis. It is recommended, therefore, that these factors should be
      combined, and that, together with a sufficient quantity of polyunsaturated fatty
      acids, the daily diet be supplemented with adequate doses of lecithin, vitamin B6
      (in B complex), and vitamin C.

PMID- 4053437
TI  - Effect of vitamin C on platelet adhesiveness and platelet aggregation in coronary
      artery disease patients.
AB  - The effect of oral administration of vitamin C on platelet adhesive index (PAI),
      platelet aggregate ratio (PAg R) and serum ascorbic acid levels was studied.
      Feeding 75 g of butter to healthy males (group I, n = 10 cases), enhanced the
      tendency of platelet adhesiveness (PAd) and platelet aggregation (PAg) to a
      significant level at the end of 4 h. This was distinctly prevented when 1 g of
      vitamin C was added to the fatty meal. In coronary artery disease (CAD) patients
      (group II, n = 20 cases) 10 days of vitamin C administration at 1 g every 8 hours
      decreased the PAd (p less than 0.001) and PAg (p less than 0.05) significantly.
      There was also a significant (p less than 0.001) rise in the vitamin C levels.
      The study brings out a property of vitamin C which may be of considerable
      importance in prevention of chronic thromboatherosclerotic disease of the
      arteries.

PMID- 4053438
TI  - Effective communication: an American rheumatology success story.

PMID- 4053439
TI  - Computerized axial tomography in investigations of the rheumatoid knee.
AB  - It is essential when deciding on the therapeutic approach to the rheumatoid knee-
      medical or surgical--to make a precise and thorough assessment of the joint
      situation as a whole. In order to overcome the limitations of traditional X-ray
      methods, the Authors used computerized axial tomography (C.A.T.) to study the
      knees of twenty rheumatoid arthritis patients. They analysed three particular
      sections: the first at the level of the subquadriceps bursa, the second through
      the femoral condyles, and the third through the proximal tibio-fibular joint.
      C.A.T. permits an assessment of the conditions of the muscles and any hypertrophy
      of the synovial membrane; this kind of investigation reveals them clearly. It was
      possible to make an accurate investigation of the femoro-patellar joint and of
      lesions involving the femoral condyles and tibial plate. The findings indicate
      that C.A.T. in the study of the rheumatoid knee provides information on the soft
      tissues that cannot be obtained by traditional radiological methods. It also
      shows with greater precision the extent and morphology of bone lesions to the
      joint heads, an extremely important question in planning the use of prostheses.

PMID- 4053440
TI  - Chronic arthritis of rabbits induced by mycoplasmas. IV. Protective effect of
      immunization and prior infection.
AB  - Rabbits exposed to Mycoplasma arthritidis either by active immunization with
      killed mycoplasmas or by primary infection in the right knee were protected
      against intra-articular challenge with viable M. arthritidis in the left knee.
      This protection extended to the challenged knees of preinfected rabbits even
      while highly active inflammation persisted in the initially injected joints. We
      propose that the protection is mediated by antibody, probably metabolic
      inhibiting antibody, present in the joint at the time of challenge.

PMID- 4053441
TI  - Specificity of antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. I. A controlled study of
      humoral antibodies to bovine nasal cartilage components.
AB  - Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) sera were compared in a matched, controlled study to
      non-RA sera for their ability to react in ELISA with antigen preparations
      extracted from bovine nasal cartilage. Antibodies to matrix proteins,
      proteoglycans and whole extract were significantly higher in RA sera than in non
      RA with the reactivity for matrix proteins giving the largest difference. There
      was no significant difference between RA and non-RA antibody levels for collagen
      and collagen alpha chains. By SDS-PAGE, large pore composite gel electrophoresis,
      and uronic acid analysis, the matrix protein fraction contained 8 major proteins
      as well as two electrophoretic species of low density proteoglycans distinct from
      the major high density cartilage proteoglycans. Further fractionation provided a
      proteoglycan-free preparation containing six major proteins of 66-13 kd with
      which the RA sera were still highly reactive.

PMID- 4053442
TI  - Effect of the intra-articular injection of lutetium-177 in chelator liposomes on
      the progress of an experimental arthritis in rabbits.
AB  - The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by radiosynovectomy has been restricted by
      the difficulty of preventing leakage of the radioisotope from the joint cavity.
      We have previously shown that this leakage can be reduced to very low levels by
      delivering the radioisotope in liposomes containing the lipophilic chelator, 3
      cholesteryl 6-[N'-iminobis-(ethylenenitrilo)tetraacetic acid]hexyl ether. The
      present study investigates the effectiveness of the beta-emitting isotope
      lutetium-177, delivered in chelator liposomes, in treating an experimental
      arthritis in rabbits. Chelator liposomes containing 0.35 mCi, 0.175 mCi Or 0.087
      mCi of the isotope were injected into the synovial cavities of the knees of
      rabbits with an established experimental arthritis. The retention of the lutetium
      and the progress of the arthritis were followed for 47 days, and samples of the
      joint tissues were taken for histology at the end of the experiment. Results
      showed that losses of radioactivity averaged less than 1% per day over 47 days
      and that joints treated with 0.175 mCi showed significant reductions in both
      diameter and surface temperature compared with controls treated with a non
      radioactive preparation. Post-mortem histology revealed that, whereas control
      joints showed a highly active synovitis, synovia of joints treated with 0.175 or
      0.35 mCi lutetium-177 had very little inflammatory activity. Although some joints
      which had received 0.35 mCi showed signs of damage to the articular cartilage,
      this damage was not apparent wih either of the two lower doses. We conclude that,
      in this animal model, chelator liposomes complexed with a suitable radioisotope
      are capable of effecting an efficient synovectomy.

PMID- 4053443
TI  - Cutaneous fibrinolytic activity in scleroderma.
AB  - Fibrinolytic activity is notoriously related to the maintenance of an adequate
      microcirculatory blood flow and its impairment is related to thrombosis. In this
      report cutaneous fibrinolytic activity has been evaluated with an
      autohistographic method in ten subjects with morphea and in five subjects with
      systemic sclerosis before and after injection of histamine into the skin.
      Cutaneous fibrinolytic activity (CFA) appeared normal (3/5 cases) or increased
      (2/5) in uninvolved and involved skin in systemic scleroderma and always
      increased after histamine injection. In circumscribed scleroderma the CFA
      appeared reduced in 2/10 cases, normal in 4/10 cases and increased in 4/10 cases.
      These data show that an endothelial pool of plasminogen activator is available in
      the skin of scleroderma patients and that fibrinolytic agents can rationally be
      employed only in certain stages of the disease.

PMID- 4053444
TI  - Pseudo-leukocytosis in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia may simulate chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 4053446
TI  - Diabetes in pregnancy.

PMID- 4053445
TI  - Absence of a relationship of size of primary colon carcinoma with metastasis and
      survival.
AB  - This retrospective study analysed the relationship of tumor size to regional and
      systemic metastasis and to survival according to stage of disease. Colon cancers
      (391 cases) that were treated surgically at M. D. Anderson Hospital from 1955 to
      1975 were reviewed. Staging of disease was based on the Astler-Coller
      modification of Dukes' staging classification. The mean diameters (cm +/- s.e.m.)
      of Dukes' B1, B2, C2 and D tumors were 4.47 +/- 0.34 (n = 46), 6.61 +/- 0.29 (n =
      147), 5.39 +/- 0.23 (n = 71) and 5.78 +/- 0.24 (n = 120), respectively. The mean
      diameter of Dukes' B2 tumors was significantly greater than C2 (P less than
      0.001) and D (P less than 0.05) tumors. Within stage B and C, size of the primary
      tumor showed no relationship to five year adjusted survival. Our findings suggest
      that colon carcinoma metastasis and survival are independent of tumor size.
      Because tumor burden does not account for distant disease, specific tumor cell
      phenotypes and biological processes are probably more important in determining
      metastatic disease.

PMID- 4053447
TI  - Maternal metabolism in normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 4053449
TI  - Body weight and reproductive function.

PMID- 4053448
TI  - Antepartum testing in diabetes.

PMID- 4053450
TI  - Body weight and reproductive function.

PMID- 4053451
TI  - Body weight and the initiation of puberty.
AB  - The onset and progression through the various stages of puberty are influenced by
      a number of factors (Fig. 2). In both animals and humans, the age of puberty
      appears to be related more to body weight than to chronologic age. Undernutrition
      and low body fat, or an altered ratio of lean mass to body fat, seem to delay the
      adolescent spurt and to retard the onset of menarche. According to Frisch, a
      minimum level of fatness (17% of body weight) is associated with menarche;
      however, a heavier minimum weight for height, representing an increased amount of
      body fat (22%), appears necessary for the onset and maintenance of regular
      menstrual cycles in girls over 16 years of age. This critical amount of body fat
      implies that a particular body composition, in addition to other environmental
      and psychosocial factors, is important in triggering and maintaining the pubertal
      process.

PMID- 4053452
TI  - Hormone metabolism: body weight and extraglandular estrogen production.

PMID- 4053453
TI  - Hormonal changes associated with changes in body weight.

PMID- 4053454
TI  - Athletic amenorrhea.

PMID- 4053455
TI  - Hypothalamic osteopenia--body weight and skeletal mass in the premenopausal
      woman.
AB  - Clearly, changes in skeletal bone mass are one of the major issues of potential
      clinical concern in the health care of the thin premenopausal woman. Each of the
      three parameters of skeletal mass--1) initial pubertal growth, 2) rate of bone
      loss, and 3) superimposed estrogen-deficient osteoporosis--may be negatively
      influenced by syndromes associated with low body weight and weight loss. Inherent
      in constitutional thinness and nutritional patterns of thin women are alterations
      in bone growth and rates of bone loss which may predispose to osteopenia and
      fracture in later adulthood. When these negative factors are compounded by
      hypothalamic/pituitary-mediated hypoestrogenism, decreased initial bone mass and
      true osteoporosis may result. We now possess excellent radiographic tools for
      monitoring bone mass but do not have the capability to predict fracture or
      diagnose osteoporosis. Urgently needed are longitudinal prospective studies of
      the dynamics of both trabecular and cortical bone growth and epidemiologic
      correlation as to the clinical impact (fractures) of decreased BMD in thin women.
      For the present, a physiologically oriented program directed toward prophylaxis-
      maximizing initial bone mass, decreasing rates of adult bone loss, and minimizing
      active osteoporosis--embracing early dietary calcium supplementation and hormonal
      therapy on an individually assessed basis seems most prudent. Indeed, this bodily
      "disease" of osteopenia may not be a pathologic process of bone metabolism at
      all, but truly an "ailment of the spiritual part"--secondary manifestations of
      sociologic and endocrinologic alterations inherent in the struggles of the mind
      and body to maintain low body weight.

PMID- 4053457
TI  - Chronic progressive leukoencephalopathy with systemic arteriosclerosis in young
      adults.
AB  - Clinicopathological studies of four cases of chronic progressive
      leukoencephalopathy with systemic arteriosclerosis are reported. Two patients
      were siblings. In all of our patients, the illness began in early adulthood (25
      29 years of age), with gait and speech disturbance as the first symptoms. At
      about the same time, the patients complained of lumbago, caused by intervertebral
      disc hernia, and had a tendency toward baldness. They gradually developed
      disturbance of memory, dementia, spastic paraplegia, and positive pathological
      reflexes. After a few years, they could neither stand nor walk and became
      decerebrate. Blood pressures ranged from 120/60 to 140/80 mm Hg. Laboratory data
      were within normal limits, including serum cholesterol. EEG showed a generalized
      slowing. The illness ended in death after 9 years in one case and 3-4 years in
      the other three cases. A general autopsy was done in three cases and only the
      brain was autopsied in one case. The visceral organs and the brains were fixed in
      10% formalin for macroscopic and histological studies. The general autopsies
      revealed arteriosclerosis in the small arteries of the heart, spleen, and kidneys
      in three cases and in addition, moderate arteriosclerosis of the coronary
      arteries in one. Remarkably uniform changes were found in the brains of all four
      cases, involving diffuse demyelination of the cerebral white matter, with some
      preservation of U-fibers, and small cystic and softening foci in the white matter
      and the basal ganglia. The cytoarchitecture of the cerebral cortex was well
      preserved. The degeneration of the white matter was caused by arteriosclerotic
      changes of the small arteries: fibrous intimal proliferation and hyaline
      degeneration and splitting of the internal elastic membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4053456
TI  - Gliomatosis cerebri: clinical and histological findings.
AB  - The clinical and pathological data of ten patients with gliomatosis cerebri are
      compared with 48 well documented cases from the literature. The most striking
      clinical findings were behavioural and mental changes, seizures, motor weakness
      and headaches. Though diagnostic techniques have gained in sophistication, the
      clinical diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri remains difficult. Laboratory and
      radiograph tests are mostly unconclusive. Expectations that computed tomography
      might lead to an accurate diagnosis were not fulfilled. Histological examination
      disclosed a diffuse proliferation of glial elements infiltrating normal nervous
      tissue with destruction of myelin sheaths, but only slight damage to neurons and
      axons. In two cases, areas typical of oligodendroglioma were also present. Glial
      fibrillary acidic protein staining showed in seven cases that most of the
      neoplastic cells were of astrocytic origin. In addition, GFAP negative neoplastic
      cells with the appearance of oligodendroglia and intermediate elements between
      astroglia and oligodendroglia and irregularly shaped naked nuclei of unidentified
      nature were found. On the basis of the two-stage theory of carcinogenesis, it is
      suggested that this disease might be the result of propagation of initiated glial
      elements which have not yet undergone the process of tumor conversion.

PMID- 4053458
TI  - Spongiform encephalopathy in addicts inhaling pre-heated heroin.
AB  - Three subjects, inhaling pre-heated heroin, developed a severe neurological
      illness. The neuropathological examination at autopsy on two of them demonstrated
      that it was due to a spongiform encephalopathy. By light and electron microscopy
      a severe edema with spongiosa and myelin damage were evident. U-fibers,
      brainstem, spinal cord and peripheral nerves were spared. The origin of the
      encephalopathy was not identified. The encephalopathy of our cases is similar to
      that described by Wolters et al. in 1982 in Holland.

PMID- 4053459
TI  - [Three cases of lingual ballistic movement followed by a rigid-dystonic state of
      the tongue].

PMID- 4053460
TI  - [Two cases of polymyositis associated with liver dysfunction].

PMID- 4053461
TI  - [A case of eosinophilic meningitis].

PMID- 4053462
TI  - [The localization of the pyramidal tract in the internal capsule--computerized
      tomographic analysis of 45 cases with small low density areas].

PMID- 4053463
TI  - [Giant cell myositis and myocarditis associated with myasthenia gravis and
      thymoma--an autopsy case].

PMID- 4053464
TI  - [A case of cheiro-oral syndrome caused by a minimal thalamic hemorrhage].

PMID- 4053465
TI  - [Hyperestrogenemia in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)].

PMID- 4053466
TI  - [Congenital os odontoideum presenting with delayed myelopathy and severe
      orthostatic hypotension].

PMID- 4053467
TI  - [Gerstmann's syndrome without aphasia due to left thalamic hemorrhage].

PMID- 4053468
TI  - [Methylprednisolone pulse therapy for chronic relapsing polyradiculoneuropathy].

PMID- 4053469
TI  - [Metal studies on Alzheimer disease by neutron activation analysis].

PMID- 4053470
TI  - [Picture agnosia without alexia, visuospatial agnosia or object agnosia].

PMID- 4053471
TI  - CSF outflow resistance and pressure-volume index determined by steady-state and
      bolus infusions.
AB  - Intraventricular or lumbar CSF pressure was measured in 58 adult hydrocephalic
      patients. CSF outflow resistance (Rcsf) and pressure-volume index (PVI) were
      determined by steady-state and bolus infusion techniques, using mathematical
      models with and without a constant term. Comparison of the various Rcsf and PVI
      values indicates that the most reliable Rcsf is obtained by steady-state
      infusion. The best approximation of the PVI is obtained by bolus infusions,
      provided the pressure decay curve is excluded. Mathematically a model with a
      constant term is to be preferred.

PMID- 4053472
TI  - Multiple sclerosis: incorporation of results of laboratory techniques in the
      diagnosis.
AB  - In a retrospective study of 100 multiple sclerosis patients we compared the
      diagnostic classification according to the Schumacher/Rose criteria and the
      newest criteria, proposed by Poser et al. It is clear that by incorporating the
      results of laboratory investigations in the diagnostic criteria a firm diagnosis
      of multiple sclerosis can be reached more often and at an earlier stage of the
      disease. Evaluating abnormal laboratory findings, we found that it was possible
      to detect more than 90% of diagnostically important findings, i.e. findings
      effecting a change in diagnostic classification (from possible multiple sclerosis
      to probable or definite, from probable to definite), using only two of the
      laboratory tests: cerebrospinal fluid analysis and visual evoked response.
      Because the results of laboratory tests contributing to diagnostic classification
      are not specific for multiple sclerosis, the importance of evaluating the
      complete differential diagnosis of diseases that can be confused with multiple
      sclerosis is stressed.

PMID- 4053473
TI  - Sequelae of sural nerve biopsies.
AB  - Sequelae of sural nerve biopsy were examined in 24 patients. Fourteen subjects
      reported persisting pain or dysaesthesias for more than one year. In nine
      patients the symptoms were mild, in five severe. Hypaesthesia of the lateral
      aspect of the foot was found in 17 out of 18 patients with otherwise normal or
      only slightly impaired sensory function. In one patient sural nerve biopsy did
      not cause permanent sensory loss. Pain and dysaesthesia were not significantly
      related to post-biopsy or generalized hypaesthesia.

PMID- 4053474
TI  - Conservative and surgical management of focal cerebral infection.
AB  - After the introduction of CT-scanning the management of focal cerebral infections
      has been modified. Based on the data of two patients and on the literature the
      authors discuss the choice between fully conservative, immediately neurosurgical
      or delayed neurosurgical treatment. It is the author's opinion that by closely
      following the infectious process too early neurosurgical intervention can be
      avoided and thus unnecessary sacrifice of viable neural tissue.

PMID- 4053475
TI  - A case report of phenytoin encephalopathy. Correlation between serum levels,
      seizure increase and E.E.G. spike and wave activity.
AB  - In a case of phenytoin (PHT) encephalopathy a correlation was found between
      rising PHT serum levels and increase in seizure frequency. Supporting the
      correlation was the concomitant increase of E.E.G. spike and wave activity to 25%
      of the registration time. The rise in the PHT serum levels was possibly related
      to a drug interaction with carbamazepine. In addition neuropsychological
      assessment indicated reversible mental deterioration and deficits in motor skills
      and visual perception.

PMID- 4053477
TI  - Program schedule & abstracts. Society of Nuclear Medicine, 10th annual Western
      Regional Meeting. Palm Springs, California, October 17-20, 1985.

PMID- 4053476
TI  - Sciatic nerve compression by an aneurysm of the internal iliac artery.
AB  - A 73-year-old female with severe sciatica suffered from an aneurysm of the left
      internal iliac artery. At first minimal caudographic abnormalities suggested
      intervertebral disc herniation and lumbar root compression but at exploratory
      surgery the diagnosis had to be rejected. Once the correct diagnosis was
      established by echography, CT-scanning and angiography surgical treatment of the
      aneurysm resulted in complete recovery. Because sciatic nerve lesions due to
      aneurysms in the pelvic region very seldom occur and may be the cause of
      diagnostic confusion, symptoms and treatment of these aneurysms are discussed.

PMID- 4053478
TI  - Legg-Calve-Perthes disease following transient synovitis. How often?
AB  - Forty-one children with transient synovitis of the hip and 10 children with Legg
      Calve-Perthes disease were followed. All 41 cases of transient synovitis had a
      benign outcome. In this series, nine of the 10 children with Legg-Calve-Perthes
      disease were diagnosed upon their first roentgenographic examination. One child
      whose first diagnosis was transient synovitis remained symptomatic for 4 months,
      when he developed roentgenologic changes consistent with Perthes disease. The
      literature is reviewed and 455 cases of transient synovitis analyzed. Only one
      patient with transient synovitis developed Legg-Calve-Perthes disease after
      having been asymptomatic for a period of 3 months. In 17 other cases, symptoms
      persisted until Legg-Calve-Perthes was diagnosed. It is suggested that transient
      synovitis is a benign disease and that only children with protracted symptoms are
      at risk to develop Perthes disease.

PMID- 4053479
TI  - Questionnaire use in pediatric practice. Survey of practice.
AB  - A sample of members of the American Academy of Pediatrics were surveyed to
      determine the nature and extent of questionnaire use in pediatric practice and to
      assess practitioners' attitudes toward questionnaires. Thirty-eight percent of
      169 respondents (of 300 contacted) reported that they were using a questionnaire
      in their clinical practice and an additional 36 percent indicated interest in
      possible future use. Most (89%) questionnaires were constructed by the
      practitioners themselves. Questionnaire use was associated with group practice
      and prepaid fee plans. Efficiency was the most common reason given for
      questionnaire use and impersonality was the most commonly cited objection.
      Practitioners' attitudes toward questionnaires are discussed.

PMID- 4053480
TI  - Techniques for warming red blood cells packaged in different containers for
      neonatal use.
AB  - Essential to the management of the sick, low birth weight infant is maintenance
      of a neutral thermal environment by use of convection incubators and radiant
      warmers. Manipulation of the infant in preparation for transfusion and the
      transfusion of cold blood could theoretically lower the infant's body
      temperature, subsequently contribute to cold stress, and concomitantly increase
      metabolic demands and oxygen requirements. The authors evaluated different
      pretransfusion manipulations of syringe aliquots and bags of blood in an effort
      to provide a clinically acceptable product for transfusion to sick, very low
      birth weight infants.

PMID- 4053481
TI  - Thoracic actinomycosis in childhood.
AB  - A 14-year-old boy presenting with a chest wall mass, pulmonary infiltrate, and
      scoliosis was found to have thoracic actinomycosis with distal vertebral
      involvement. Review of the medical literature for the past 25 years revealed only
      23 other pediatric cases of thoracic actinomycosis. Clinical, standard
      radiological, and microbiological findings can be nonspecific. The diagnosis is
      dependent on a high index of suspicion. A long course of penicillin is the
      treatment of choice. Body computed tomography is a useful diagnostic aid and is
      helpful also in evaluating response to therapy.

PMID- 4053482
TI  - Benign intracranial hypertension following severe hyponatremic dehydration in
      congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
AB  - A case of salt-losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia with severe hyponatremic
      dehydration is presented. Clinical signs and symptoms of cerebral edema with
      elevated intracranial pressure were present. Conventional treatment was started,
      and after initial concern regarding future head growth and development, there was
      a good outcome with normal development at 1 year of age. This course is
      suggestive of benign intracranial hypertension. Possible mechanisms are discussed
      with a review of the relevant literature.

PMID- 4053483
TI  - Might excessive maternal alcohol ingestion during pregnancy be a risk factor
      associated with an increased likelihood of SIDS?

PMID- 4053484
TI  - Symposium on medical disorders during pregnancy.

PMID- 4053485
TI  - Liver diseases in pregnancy.
AB  - Mild abnormalities of liver function tests are frequently seen in pregnancy but
      return to normal after delivery. A raised serum alkaline phosphatase is common,
      along with a decline in the serum albumin, but the aminotransferases remain
      within normal limits. The physician must interpret abnormal liver function tests
      in pregnancy with these changes in mind, but most liver diseases in pregnancy
      result in more marked alterations. Viral hepatitis is the most common cause of
      jaundice in pregnancy, and the maternal prognosis is generally good. Perinatal
      transmission of hepatitis B virus is likely when the mother is positive for
      HBsAg. Concurrent administration of hepatitis B vaccine and HBIG to the infant
      has an efficacy of 90 per cent in preventing transmission to the infant. ICP is
      the second most common cause of jaundice in pregnancy. The condition is generally
      benign, although maternal and fetal mortality occasionally result, probably due
      to premature delivery and the bleeding tendency of cholestatic patients. Vitamin
      K administration may correct the coagulopathy, and cholestyramine is effective in
      controlling pruritus. AFLP is rare but carries a high mortality rate for both the
      mother and the fetus. Early diagnosis, correction of the coagulopathy, and prompt
      delivery may improve the outcome significantly. Patients with cirrhosis have
      reduced fertility, and in those who become pregnant, fetal loss is high. The
      effect of pregnancy or hepatocellular function is variable, but, when evidence of
      liver failure is present in the first trimester, termination should be
      considered. Variceal size and the risk of bleeding may be assessed by endoscopy.
      Pregnant cirrhotic patients with large esophageal varices and a history of
      bleeding can undergo shunt surgery. Conservative management may be appropriate
      for patients with small varices and no history of bleeding.

PMID- 4053487
TI  - Pharmacodynamics of intravenous labetalol and follow-up therapy with oral
      labetalol.
AB  - The effectiveness, safety, and pharmacodynamics of repeated doses of intravenous
      labetalol for rapid reduction of severe hypertension and of subsequent oral
      labetalol dosing were studied. Twelve patients with severe hypertension were
      admitted to the hospital after the withholding of antihypertensive therapy for 2
      to 14 days. Thirty minutes after an injection of vehicle only, labetalol, 0.25
      mg/kg body weight, was injected and followed by repeat injections of 0.5 mg/kg
      every 15 minutes until the supine diastolic blood pressure (BP) was reduced to
      less than 90 mm Hg or a total of 3.25 mg/kg had been administered. Twenty-four
      hours after the last injection, oral labetalol was started at an initial dosage
      of 100 or 200 mg b.i.d., then increased every 2 days until the standing diastolic
      BP was less than 90 mm Hg or a maximum daily dosage of 2400 mg was reached. The
      initial injection achieved mean falls in supine systolic/diastolic BPs of 11/7 mm
      Hg. Subsequent injections produced additional falls in a dose-related fashion;
      the mean falls after the last injection (total cumulative dose 2.7 mg/kg) were
      40/20 mm Hg. The effect lasted for 12 hours or more in most patients and tended
      to be biphasic, with one peak at approximately 5 minutes and another much less
      pronounced peak at about 4 hours. There was no evidence of precipitous falls in
      BP. All patients were able to ambulate 6 hours after the last injection without
      symptoms of postural hypotension. Oral labetalol effectively and safely restored
      and maintained the BP reductions achieved with intravenous labetalol.

PMID- 4053486
TI  - Mephenytoin hydroxylation polymorphism: characterization of the enzymatic
      deficiency in liver microsomes of poor metabolizers phenotyped in vivo.
AB  - The rate of 4-hydroxylation and of N-demethylation of S- and R-mephenytoin was
      determined in liver microsomes of 13 extensive (EM) and two poor (PM)
      metabolizers of mephenytoin. Detailed kinetic studies were performed in
      microsomes of eight EMs and the two PMs. Microsomal mephenytoin metabolism in PMs
      was characterized by an increased Km (150.6 and 180.6 vs. a mean [+/- SD] 37.8 +/
      9.6 mumol/L S-mephenytoin in 8 EMs), a decreased maximum rate of metabolism for
      S-mephenytoin hydroxylation (0.76 and 0.69 vs 4.85 +/- 1.65 nmol 4
      hydroxymephenytoin per milligram protein per hour), and loss of stereoselectivity
      for the hydroxylation of the R- and S-enantiomers of mephenytoin (R/S ratio: 1.10
      and 0.76 vs. 0.11 +/- 0.04 in 13 EMs). The formation of 4-OH-mephenytoin from R
      mephenytoin and the demethylation reaction remained unaffected. These results
      support our hypothesis that the mephenytoin polymorphism is caused by a partial
      or complete absence or inactivity of a cytochrome P-450 isozyme with high
      affinity for S-mephenytoin.

PMID- 4053488
TI  - Biologic determinants of propranolol disposition: results from 1308 patients in
      the Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial.
AB  - Our objective was to identify biologic determinants of propranolol serum levels
      in 1308 patients after myocardial infarction (MI). Patients had had their MI
      within the previous month. A steady-state propranolol dosage of 40 mg every 8
      hours produced a mean trough concentration of 42 ng/ml with extremely great
      (fiftyfold) interindividual variability. Univariate and multivariate analyses
      suggested that this variability was the result of many biologic factors. Serum
      levels were higher in women, in older patients, and in patients receiving
      concomitant therapy with other antiarrhythmic drugs. Serum levels were also
      higher in patients with elevated serum creatinine and lactate dehydrogenase
      levels. Serum levels were lower in black patients than in white patients. Also,
      serum levels in smokers were lower than those in nonsmokers, but only markedly so
      in the outpatient setting (6 months after the MI). The influence of sex and race
      on drug disposition has not previously been reported for beta-blocking drugs.
      Although a genetic deficiency in the oxidative metabolism of propranolol has been
      indicated, the frequency distribution of serum propranolol levels did not
      demonstrate a bimodal distribution for genetically distinct populations.

PMID- 4053489
TI  - Determinants of systemic availability of oral hydralazine in heart failure.
AB  - Short-term therapy with oral hydralazine can favorably affect abnormal
      hemodynamics in patients with congestive heart failure, but the range of dosage
      is large. To investigate whether this variability in effective dose is a result
      of altered systemic availability, we studied 10 patients with congestive heart
      failure. Bioavailability (F) was calculated as the ratio of the blood AUC for a
      single 75 mg oral dose to the AUC of a 0.3 mg/kg iv dose. Acetylation capability
      was determined by sulfamethazine metabolic clearance (CLsmz). The F value in six
      subjects with CLsmz greater than 100 ml/min was 9.9% +/- 6.0% (means +/- SD) and
      was lower than the value of 26.2% +/- 13.0% (P less than 0.05) in the four
      patients with CLsmz less than 60 ml/min. Thus acetylation ability is an important
      consideration during low-dose hydralazine therapy (less than or equal to 225
      mg/day). The clearance of the single intravenous dose of hydralazine averaged
      29.5 +/- 8.0 ml/min/kg, which is not different than that reported in populations
      without heart failure. After oral dosage titration to induce maximum hemodynamic
      changes, the dose-normalized hydralazine AUC rose from 53.5 +/- 50.5 to 247.2 +/-
      213.4 min/L X 10(3). Thus large oral doses of hydralazine result in
      disproportionate increases in systemic availability compatible with saturation of
      the first-pass effect or systemic clearance. In the doses required for maximum
      hemodynamic effects in our patients (225 to 3000 mg/day), this saturation
      phenomenon was a prominent determinant of systemic availability.

PMID- 4053490
TI  - Prilocaine in arthroscopy: clinical pharmacokinetics and rational use.
AB  - Prilocaine pharmacokinetics were determined in 60 patients receiving the drug by
      two different routes of administration (intra-articular and subcutaneous) during
      arthroscopy under local anesthesia with controlled pressure irrigation.
      Resorption of prilocaine by subcutaneous tissues was slow and did not lead to
      high serum levels. On the contrary, prilocaine resorption by the synovium was
      fast and induced a sharp serum peak (265.8 +/- 163.5 ng/ml) in the hour after the
      end of the examination. The drug was completely eliminated from the blood after
      24 hours, as the prilocaine t1/2 is about 5 hours. The first procedure was
      perfected to reduce the risk of methemoglobinemia, which occurred in four of 105
      patients. Applied pressure was lowered to 100 mm Hg to prevent the escape of
      anesthetic solution into the soft tissue of the leg, the prilocaine concentration
      was reduced to 1 gm/L, and the arthroscope was only set up after a delay to allow
      the intra-articular anesthetic effect of prilocaine to become established. So
      far, 200 arthroscopies have been performed with this improved protocol without
      any problem.

PMID- 4053491
TI  - The pharmacokinetic and bactericidal characteristics of oral cefixime.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of cefixime (FK 027), a broad-spectrum cephalosporin, were
      assessed in 12 normal subjects after single oral doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400
      mg. Mean peak serum concentrations were 1.02, 1.46, 2.63, and 3.85 micrograms/ml
      after the four respective doses. Respective mean serum levels at 12 hours were
      0.16, 0.33, 0.72, and 1.13 micrograms/ml. Volumes of distribution averaged 0.1
      L/kg body weight, and the elimination t1/2 was 3 hours for all doses. The AUC was
      7.01, 11.4, 22.5, and 36.4 micrograms X hr/ml for the four doses, respectively.
      Serum clearance averaged 0.4 mg/min/kg and mean 24-hour urinary recovery was 21%,
      19%, 20%, and 16% for the four respective doses. Serum bactericidal titers at 4
      hours exceeded 1:16 for Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, Hemophilus
      influenzae, and Branhamella catarrhalis. Urine bactericidal titers exceeded 1:8
      for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae resistant
      to the available oral cephalosporins.

PMID- 4053492
TI  - Metastatic breast cancer from an occult primary provisionally identified by
      steroid receptor content and two-dimensional protein electrophoresis: some
      problems associated with the use of the latter technique.
AB  - Occult primary breast cancer in a patient presenting with undifferentiated
      metastatic adenocarcinoma in an inguinal lymph node was provisionally diagnosed
      by the steroid receptor content of its metastases and by the sclerotic pattern of
      osseous metastases. This diagnosis was supported by the presence of several
      proteins electrophoresed in 2 dimensions that may be common to other identified
      adenocarcinomas of the breast. These proteins appear to be absent from a
      representative adenocarcinoma of the ovary and of the uterus, at least at the
      level of sensitivity provided by the dye used to detect them. Some clinical
      implications for the use of two-dimensional protein electrophoresis in
      identifying undifferentiated cancers are considered.

PMID- 4053493
TI  - Evaluation of equilibrium gel filtration chromatography for the study of protein
      binding of aluminum in normal and uremic sera.
AB  - Normal and uremic serum samples were chromatographed on a gel filtration column
      and fractions were analyzed for protein and aluminum content. Whereas much of the
      aluminum in the serum samples eluted with protein, a significant fraction
      appeared to be associated with low molecular weight species. Analysis of column
      fractions for aluminum binding by a competitive binding assay indicated no
      aluminum-binding serum constituents in these later eluting fractions. Uremic
      serum appeared, however, to contain aluminum-binding constituents of a lower
      molecular weight than in normal serum.

PMID- 4053494
TI  - The chemiluminescence response of normal human leukocytes to chlamydia
      trachomatis.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to investigate the phagocytic response of normal
      human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and monocytes (MN) to eight serotypes of
      C trachomatis (B,C,D,E,F,I,J, and L2) using a chemiluminescence (CL) assay, with
      luminal and lucigenin as amplifiers. The magnitude of the phagocytic cell CL
      response was proportional to the phagocyte-to-chlamydiae ratio, with a poor CL
      response detected at a ratio of 1:125 and progressively larger CL responses up to
      ratios of 1:50,000. The durations of the CL responses to all chlamydiae serotypes
      tested were considerably longer than that for zymosan. The PMN demonstrated a
      relatively greater CL response to all chlamydiae serotypes tested when compared
      with MN. The PMN and MN CL responses to "genital serotypes" (D,E,F,I, and J) (as
      well as lymphogranuloma venereum serotype L2) were greater than that for "ocular"
      serotypes (B and C). Inactivation of serum complement and specific chlamydial
      antibody absorption reduced the CL responses of both PMN and MN. This is the
      first study to characterize the CL responses of normal human PMN and MN cells to
      C trachomatis, and it indicates the important role of oxygen dependent
      antimicrobial systems in the phagocytosis of this common human pathogen.

PMID- 4053495
TI  - Isoelectric focusing and immunofixation of cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal IgG in
      neurological disorders.
AB  - Coded samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 112 patients with a variety of
      neurologic disorders were investigated for oligoclonal IgG bands by isoelectric
      focusing followed by immunofixation. All 16 patients with probable multiple
      sclerosis had oligoclonal bands. All four patients with paraneoplastic syndromes
      having multifocal nervous system involvement also had bands, whereas five
      patients with lupus, three having multifocal nervous system involvement, did not
      show any oligoclonal bands in the CSF. This technique is highly sensitive in
      detecting bands in MS, whereas other disorders that produce demyelination showed
      various levels of sensitivity.

PMID- 4053496
TI  - [Nuclear magnetic resonance tomography and computed tomography of the brain for
      detection of Wilson's disease].
AB  - The authors report on two woman patients with confirmed Wilson's disease
      (hepatolenticular degeneration) who had neurological deficits and showed typical
      changes evident from laboratory data. Both computed tomography and magnetic
      resonance tomography revealed degenerative changes in the basal ganglia,
      especially of the lenticular nucleus, MR showing these defects more clearly than
      CT. There was a noticeable symmetrical enhancement of signals in the lenticular
      nucleus which was particularly evident on the image basing on the T2 (spin-spin
      relaxation time constant) values. MR could be superior to CT with regard to
      showing up pathological changes in the basal ganglia. The future indication of MR
      could be the establishment of an exact correlation between clinical signs and
      symptoms on the one hand, and morphological findings on the other. Over and above
      this, it should be explored to what extent MR can already detect degenerative
      changes in the brain in primarily hepatic types of the disease even without prior
      neurological examination.

PMID- 4053498
TI  - [Scar tissue, organ atrophy and hypertrophy in the computed tomogram after
      abdominal surgery].
AB  - After resection of parenchymal abdominal organs the developing scar tissue is
      characterised by fat (-30 to -50 H.U.) in connection with mesenchymal funicles.
      Differential diagnosis presents no problem. Atrophy and hypertrophy may sometimes
      be demonstrated in CT. This is valid for compensating hypertrophy of the
      remaining parts of the liver, splenic regeneration or an accessory spleen.
      Furthermore, involution of the tail of the pancreas after proximal
      duodenopancreatectomy could be shown in CT. One pancreatic calcification
      decreased after drainage of a pseudocyst.

PMID- 4053497
TI  - [Value of nuclear magnetic resonance tomography in the diagnosis and therapy
      outcome of prolactinomas].
AB  - 30 MR tomographies were performed in 15 patients suspected of having a
      prolactinoma on account of clinical examinations and test in the chemical
      laboratory. The T1 and T2 times of the adenomas were determined quantitatively.
      In addition, high resolution CT imaging had been performed in all patients. The
      signal performance of the normal pituitary gland determined in 11 healthy persons
      on the basis of quantitatively measured T1 and T2 times, was found to largely
      correspond with that of grey matter of the brain. Of the 14 confirmed
      prolactinomas, 11 were microadenomas and 3 macroadenoma. Solid adenomas were
      identified by enhanced T1 values. It was possible to differentiate these from
      cystic, haemorrhagic and necrotic tumour components by differences in signal
      performance. 7 patients on drug therapy with dopamine agonists were controlled by
      means of MR tomography. No measurable size reduction of tumour was seen in 3
      patients with cystic or haemorrhagic tumour components. On the other hand, tumour
      reduction was seen after brief drug therapy in 2 macroprolactinomas and one
      microprolactinoma. An essential advantage offered by MR is, besides the absence
      of exposure to radiation, in the first place the better and more precise
      information on the relative position of the adenoma with reference to the vessels
      and the optic chiasm, and, secondly, better identification of cystic and
      haemorrhagic processes within the prolactinoma.

PMID- 4053499
TI  - [CT of a rare benign liver lymphangioma].
AB  - Lymphangiomas of the liver are very rare hamartomas and can occur singly or in
      multiple form. CT findings of this disease have not been reported so far. Based
      on a case where diagnosis had been confirmed by biopsy, the CT image is described
      and the findings discussed.

PMID- 4053500
TI  - Cell lines from human patients: who owns them? A case report.

PMID- 4053501
TI  - The legal impact of patient materials used for product development in the
      biomedical industry.

PMID- 4053502
TI  - Blood, sweat, tears, and profits: the ethics of the sale and use of patient
      derived materials in biomedicine.

PMID- 4053503
TI  - Using patient materials for product development: a dean's perspective.

PMID- 4053504
TI  - Nontherapeutic research on subjects unable to grant consent.

PMID- 4053505
TI  - Effect of induced metabolic acidosis on intracellular pH, buffer capacity and
      contraction force of human skeletal muscle.
AB  - Five volunteers were studied before and after oral administration of NH4Cl (0.3
      g/kg body wt.) given in order to create a moderate acidosis. The quadriceps
      femoris muscles were stimulated electrically for 75 s and muscle biopsies for
      determination of pH and metabolite content were taken before, at the end of
      contraction and after 10 min in the recovery period. Muscle pH at rest (mean
      7.04) was not significantly decreased after acidification despite an
      extracellular pH decrease of 0.15 unit. After contraction muscle pH was
      significantly lower after NH4Cl. Mean values before and after acidification were
      6.70 and 6.54 respectively. The buffer capacity calculated as the total capacity
      of the muscle to buffer H+ produced during the isometric contraction before and
      after NH4Cl ingestion was reduced from 68.6 sl to 54.5 sl. The force produced by
      contracting muscle was significantly lower at the end of the contraction period
      after NH4Cl ingestion, 44.6% of initial compared with 55.4% without NH4Cl.

PMID- 4053506
TI  - Effect of chlorothiazide on serial measurements of exchangeable sodium and blood
      pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Chlorothiazide (100 mg/kg body weight) was given by gavage daily to spontaneously
      hypertensive rats for 4 weeks. Another group of spontaneously hypertensive rats
      was given only tap water and served as control. Measurements of total
      exchangeable sodium, blood pressure and weight were performed for 2 weeks before
      and for 4 weeks during treatment. Before treatment, exchangeable sodium, blood
      pressure and weight were similar in the two groups of rats. Chlorothiazide
      significantly attenuated the blood pressure increase in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats, the effect being most marked during the first 2 1/2 weeks of
      treatment and less thereafter. Rats in the chlorothiazide-treated group gained
      weight more slowly than did those of the control group. Exchangeable sodium,
      expressed as mmol/kg body weight, did not differ significantly between the two
      groups at any stage. When exchangeable sodium was expressed as mmol/rat, there
      was a more gradual rise in the chlorothiazide-treated animals, in accordance with
      their slower gain in weight. There was no temporal association between the
      antihypertensive effect of chlorothiazide and changes in exchangeable sodium.
      Thus whereas chlorothiazide treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats slows
      the increase of both weight and exchangeable sodium, other mechanisms are
      apparently responsible for the antihypertensive action of the drug.

PMID- 4053507
TI  - Activities and subcellular distributions of hepatic lipases in control subjects
      and in patients with alcoholic fatty liver.
AB  - Human hepatic lipase activities were studied in needle biopsy specimens by
      fluorogenic and radioisotopic assay methods. Using analytical subcellular
      fractionation by sucrose density gradient centrifugation a lysosomal acid lipase,
      with pH optimum of 4.0, and an endoplasmic reticulum alkaline lipase, with pH
      optimum of 8.5, were demonstrated with the fluorogenic assay. The apparent Km of
      the acid lipase was 17 mumol/l by the fluorogenic method and 23 mmol/l by the
      radioisotopic method. The values for alkaline lipase were 94 mumol/l and 1.4
      mmol/l respectively. Assay of these activities in biopsies from 16 control
      subjects and 42 chronic alcoholics showed increasing activity with increasing
      hepatic fatty infiltration when the fluorogenic assay was used: no differences
      were demonstrated with radioisotopic assay. These results suggest that depressed
      lipolysis due to a relative deficiency of triglyceride lipase is not a causal
      factor in triglyceride accumulation in chronic alcoholic fatty liver.

PMID- 4053508
TI  - The effect of undernutrition on thermoregulation in the elderly.
AB  - With use of a liquid-conditioned coverall, the thermoregulatory responses to a
      lowering of environmental temperature from 35 degrees C to 23 degrees C were
      assessed in eight normally nourished and six undernourished elderly female
      patients, during their convalescence after surgical repair of a fracture of the
      femoral neck. There was no difference in the peripheral vasoconstriction of the
      two groups in response to a cold environment. On lowering the environmental
      temperature, the increase in metabolic rate was significantly impaired in the
      undernourished group compared with the normally nourished group (P less than
      0.05). There was a small decrease in core temperature in the undernourished group
      (median change -0.1 degree C) during the period of exposure to the lowest
      environmental temperature (23 degrees C). This was significantly different from
      the lack of change (median change 0 degrees C) in core temperature observed in
      the normally nourished group (P less than 0.05). This defect of thermogenesis may
      underlie the propensity of undernourished elderly patients to suffer hypothermia
      and fracture of the femoral neck in the winter months.

PMID- 4053509
TI  - Variability of the haemodynamic responses to laboratory tests employed in
      assessment of neural cardiovascular regulation in man.
AB  - In man evaluation of neural cardiovascular regulation makes use of a variety of
      tests which address the excitatory and reflex inhibitory neural influences that
      control circulation. Because interpretation of these tests is largely based on
      the magnitude of the elicited haemodynamic responses, their reproducibility in
      any given subject is critical. In 39 subjects with continuous blood pressure
      (intra-arterial catheter) and heart rate monitoring we measured the blood
      pressure and heart rate rises during hand-grip and cold-pressor test, the heart
      rate changes occurring during baroreceptor stimulation and deactivation by
      injection of phenylephrine and trinitroglycerine, and the heart rate and blood
      pressure changes occurring with alteration in carotid baroreceptor activity by a
      neck chamber. Each test was carefully standardized and performed at 30 min
      intervals for a total of six times in each subject. The results showed that the
      responses to any test were clearly different from one another and that this
      occurred in all subjects studied. For the group as a whole the average response
      variability (coefficient of variation) ranged from 10.2% for the blood pressure
      response to carotid baroreceptor stimulation to 44.2% for the heart rate response
      to cold-pressor test. The variability of the responses was not related to basal
      blood pressure or heart rate, nor to the temporal sequence of the test
      performance. Thus tests employed for studying neural cardiovascular control in
      man produce responses whose reproducibility is limited. This phenomenon may make
      it more difficult to define the response magnitude typical of each subject, as
      well as its comparison in different conditions and diseases.

PMID- 4053510
TI  - Left ventricular diastolic function of spontaneously hypertensive rats and its
      relationship to structural components of the left ventricle.
AB  - Left ventricular (LV) diastolic function was investigated in three different age
      groups (15, 28 and 50 weeks) of paired spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and
      normotensive (WKY) rats under pentobarbital anaesthesia. A time constant of LV
      pressure decay, represented by T, was used as an index of LV relaxation. We
      assessed the relationship between haemodynamic parameters and LV structural
      components as quantified by microspectrophotometry (MSP), using multivariate
      analysis. T was significantly prolonged in the 28 and 50 week old SHR compared
      with their normotensive counterparts (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01,
      respectively). T was prolonged by volume loading but was not affected with
      afterload elevation by angiotensin infusion in all age groups of the SHR and WKY.
      LV wall thickness was greater in the SHR at all ages and was positively
      correlated with T (r = 0.42, P less than 0.05). A significant correlation was
      found between the increase in cardiac muscle fibre and collagen, the decrease in
      elastin and glycoprotein, and T on multivariate analysis (r = 0.53, P less than
      0.05). We conclude that LV relaxation of SHR is disturbed from a relatively young
      age (28 weeks), for which we consider myocardial hypertrophy and LV structural
      changes found by MSP as being responsible.

PMID- 4053511
TI  - The porphyrogenic effects of calcium channel blocking drugs.
AB  - Treatment of monolayers of chick embryo hepatocytes with the calcium channel
      blocking drugs nifedipine and verapamil resulted in a decrease in the activity of
      uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, an increase in the activity of delta
      aminolaevulinate synthase and accumulation of porphyrins with uroporphyrin and
      heptacarboxylic porphyrin predominating. Diltiazem, another calcium channel
      blocking drug, did not affect uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity and had a
      slight effect only on the accumulation of porphyrins. Experiments with nifedipine
      and verapamil in the presence of various concentrations of calcium indicate that
      the porphyrogenic effect is apparently not related to blocking of calcium
      channels.

PMID- 4053512
TI  - Sex differences in the hepatic uptake of sulphobromophthalein in the rat.
AB  - Sex difference in the hepatic uptake of sulphobromophthalein (BSP) was
      investigated in male and female rats in three different experimental models. In
      the intact animal the BSP plasma disappearance rate was significantly higher (P
      less than 0.01) in females than in males when 0.15 or 1.5 mumol/kg body wt. was
      injected. Comparable values were found at the highest BSP dose (15 mumol/kg body
      wt.) used. In the perfused liver, the first-pass hepatic extraction and the
      uptake velocity were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in female rats at
      low BSP doses (0.3-750 mumol/g of liver) whereas identical values were found at
      higher concentrations. In hepatocytes isolated by collagenase perfusion, the BSP
      uptake occurs via two different uptake sites in both sexes. The Km of the high
      affinity sites was lower in females than in males (3.67 +/- 0.58 vs 7.24 +/- 0.68
      mumol/l, P less than 0.001) whereas Vmax. showed comparable values (2.70 +/- 0.36
      vs 2.47 +/- 0.45 nmol of BSP/mg of protein, NS). In contrast, no difference was
      found in the kinetic parameters of the low affinity sites (Km 50.6 +/- 31.1 vs
      61.0 +/- 17.5 mumol/l; Vmax. 21.9 +/- 13.2 vs 25.0 +/- 3.6 nmol of BSP/mg of
      protein, mean +/- SD, NS, females and males respectively). Taken together these
      data show that low doses of BSP are taken up by the liver more efficiently in
      female than in male rats and are consistent with a sex-related difference in the
      affinity but not in the number of the BSP high affinity uptake sites.

PMID- 4053513
TI  - A vasopressin-mediated diminution of potassium excretion in water-loaded man.
AB  - Intravenous vasopressin (1-3 mu-units min-1 kg-1) had an antidiuretic effect on
      water-loaded man and also diminished potassium excretion. As noted by others,
      aspirin (2.4 g) enhanced the antidiuretic effect of vasopressin, but the fall in
      potassium excretion was not modified by prior administration of aspirin, which
      makes it unlikely that the fall was due to the release of endogenous
      prostaglandins. After terminating the infusion of vasopressin, the fall in
      potassium output persisted longer than the antidiuresis, which makes it unlikely
      that the antikaliuretic effect of vasopressin is secondary to its effect on urine
      flow. The unchanged antikaliuretic effect of vasopressin after aspirin treatment,
      together with its persistence after terminating the infusion, suggest the
      possible existence of vasopressin-mediated potassium absorption in the distal
      nephron in certain circumstances. Aspirin administration had specific effects of
      its own in water-loaded man. It decreased both the water diuresis and sodium
      excretion but did not alter potassium excretion or urine osmolality.

PMID- 4053514
TI  - Kinetics of bumetanide-sensitive Na+-K+ co-transport in erythrocytes of essential
      hypertensive patients.
AB  - Outward bumetanide-sensitive Na+-K+ cotransport was studied in the erythrocytes
      of 51 subjects, 24 normotensive subjects and 27 hypertensive patients, matched
      for sex and age. Three kinetic parameters of this cation transport system were
      considered: velocity of efflux at saturating internal sodium (Nai) concentrations
      (Vmax.), apparent affinity for sodium (K 50%) and index of co-operativity among
      Nai sites (Hill's n). We correlated these values with clinical and laboratory
      data determined routinely in hypertension. There were no significant differences
      between normotensive and hypertensive subjects for the values considered and we
      did not find any significant correlations between co-transport and clinical data.

PMID- 4053515
TI  - Na+ leak in erythrocytes from essential hypertensive patients.
AB  - Ouabain- and bumetanide-resistant (OBR) Na+ efflux from human erythrocytes into a
      Mg2+-sucrose medium exhibits kinetic properties consistent with a transmembrane
      Na+ leak. In 52 essential hypertensive patients, the rate constant of Na+ leak
      (ke) was 15.0 +/- 2.9 X 10(-3) h-1 (mean +/- SD). This was significantly higher
      than the ke in 47 normotensive controls (13.2 +/- 1.6 X 10(-3) h-1; t = 3.81, P
      less than 0.001; Mann-Whitney U rank sum test P = 0.0014). The relatively small
      number of patients studied was insufficient to decide if the hypertensive
      population was bimodally distributed. Nevertheless, if the upper end of the
      normotensive population is used as a cut-off point, it appears that a subgroup of
      12 hypertensive patients had an increased Na+ leak, ke = 19.5 +/- 1.9 X 10(-3) h
      1 (mean +/- SD). The increased Na+ leak remained constant in repeated
      determinations over several months. Na+ movements catalysed by the Na+-K+ co
      transport and Na+-Li+ countertransport systems were measured in the above 52
      hypertensive patients. Seventeen hypertensive patients showed a low apparent
      affinity of the co-transport system for internal Na+ and 12 exhibited a high
      maximal rate of Na+-Li+ countertransport. None of these two abnormalities was
      found in the 12 hypertensive patients with increased ke. We propose to denote
      them as Leak-(+) hypertensive patients. Passive net Na+ entry was abnormally high
      in all Leak-(+) hypertensive patients. However, erythrocyte Na+ content was
      increased in only five of the 12 Leak-(+) hypertensive patients. A normal or even
      decreased Na+ content was associated with the presence of compensatory increases
      in the maximal rate of the Na+-K+ pump and the Na+-K+ co-transport system.

PMID- 4053516
TI  - Enhanced distal absorption of potassium by magnesium-deficient rats.
AB  - The effect of acute potassium infusion on renal tubular reabsorption of potassium
      by magnesium-deficient and pair-fed control rats has been studied by the
      recollection micropuncture method. During potassium chloride infusion, the amount
      of potassium remaining in the distal tubule is lower in magnesium-deficient than
      in pair-fed rats. This could be due to a reduction in potassium secretion or to
      an enhancement of potassium reabsorption. The present study demonstrates enhanced
      renal potassium retention in the magnesium-deficient rat, and is in contrast to
      previous reports of renal potassium wasting in this circumstance.

PMID- 4053517
TI  - d-Sotalol: a new potent class III anti-arrhythmic agent.
AB  - We have compared the effect of a new drug d-sotalol which has minimal beta
      blocking action with the parent (beta-blocking) compound dl-sotalol on monophasic
      action potential (MAP) duration in open-chested dogs. In seven experiments d
      sotalol was administered in intravenous bolus doses of 1.5, 3 and 6 mg/kg given
      at 10 min intervals. In a further seven experiments dl-sotalol was administered
      using the same dosage regimen. The animals were anaesthetized with chloralose and
      urethane. Atrioventricular block was created by injection of the bundle of His
      with 0.1 ml of 40% formalin in order to ensure capture by ventricular pacing.
      After prior beta-blockade with propranolol (0.25 mg/kg), simultaneous epicardial
      and endocardial MAP were recorded at paced heart rates of 100 and 150 beats/min
      after each bolus injection. d-Sotalol and dl-sotalol showed similar prolongation
      of MAP duration (measured at 90% repolarization) in both endocardial and
      epicardial recording at both paced heart rates. These results show that the
      dextro-isomer of sotalol possesses similar class III action to the parent
      compound and that this action is homogeneous with respect to left ventricular
      endocardium and epicardium at heart rates of 100 beats/min and 150 beats/min over
      a wide dose range. d-Sotalol may be a useful anti-arrhythmic agent in man.

PMID- 4053518
TI  - Baroreflex sensitivity and pressor responses in a rat model of uraemia.
AB  - Baroreflex sensitivity and pressor responsiveness to exogenous noradrenaline,
      angiotensin II and arginine vasopressin were determined in a rat model of
      uraemia. The slope of the regression line relating delta heart rate to delta
      blood pressure after phenylephrine administration was significantly less in the
      renal failure group than the normal control group, indicating a reduction of
      baroreflex sensitivity in the setting of uraemia. The pressor response to
      noradrenaline and angiotensin II was significantly less in the renal failure
      group whereas there was no difference in delta blood pressure on administration
      of arginine vasopressin. It is concluded that diminished baroreflex sensitivity
      does not contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension in uraemia by the
      hypothesized mechanism of allowing the pressor effect of endogenous pressor
      substances to go unbuffered.

PMID- 4053520
TI  - Use of 0.9% sodium chloride injection without heparin for maintaining indwelling
      intermittent injection sites.

PMID- 4053519
TI  - Conceptual model for allocation and rationing physical health services to
      Colorado's medically indigent.

PMID- 4053521
TI  - Beneficial hemodynamic effects of oral levodopa in a patient with cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 4053522
TI  - Procainamide-induced hypotension during CPR.

PMID- 4053523
TI  - Potentiation of opiate analgesia with ibuprofen.

PMID- 4053524
TI  - Recognition and management of acute suppurative parotitis.
AB  - Acute suppurative parotitis (ASP) is a rare infectious process occurring after
      surgery or in debilitated patients. This case describes a 41-year-old man who was
      hospitalized initially for acute bacterial endocarditis. Late in the hospital
      course his recovery was complicated by the development of ASP. Subsequent
      cultures of blood and parotid-fluid samples grew Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Despite
      early empiric antibiotic therapy followed by more specific therapy with an
      aminoglycoside, the patient continued to experience severe pain, swelling, and
      facial-nerve palsy. Surgical incision and drainage of the parotid gland was
      accomplished on the ninth day after onset of ASP, and the patient experienced a
      rapid resolution of the disease process. Acute suppurative parotitis was
      originally attributed to infection with gram-positive organisms, primarily
      Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species. More recently, reports of ASP
      caused by gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria have been published. This review
      describes the etiology, pathogenesis, microbiology, and clinical features of ASP.
      Nonpharmacologic, pharmacologic, and surgical management of the disease is
      discussed. Although ASP is a rare occurrence in the hospital setting, early
      recognition and appropriate management are important in avoiding serious
      morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 4053525
TI  - The effect of posture and pH on solid and liquid oesophageal emptying.
AB  - Oesophageal emptying of solids and liquids has been assessed in normal subjects
      using radionuclide techniques. The solid bolus comprised a 10 g disc of cooked
      minced beef which was labelled with 160 microCi; 99m Tc macro-aggregated albumin
      (MAA). The liquid bolus consisted of 15 ml of water labelled with 300 microCi;
      99m Tc. Studies were performed in the upright and supine positions and repeated
      after ingestion of 30 ml of 0.1 M HC1 diluted to pH 1.6. Solid and liquid
      assessments were performed separately with a scintillation camera positioned
      posteriorly. Subjects were instructed to swallow at the commencement of the test
      and at 15 s intervals subsequently, until the bolus entered the stomach.
      Oesophageal emptying in the supine position was significantly slower than
      emptying in the upright position. This was true for both solid and liquid
      emptying, in the neutral and in the acidified oesophagus. Emptying of a solid
      bolus did not appear to be influenced by oesophageal pH. However, emptying of a
      liquid bolus was significantly slower when the oesophageal pH was acid, for both
      the supine and upright positions. We conclude that the supine posture delays both
      liquid and solid oesophageal emptying. The presence of acid in the oesophagus at
      a pH of 1.6 delayed liquid emptying, but not solid emptying, from the oesophagus.

PMID- 4053526
TI  - The clearance of Xenon-133 following its parenchymal injection: a rapid method
      for estimating functional liver blood-flow.
AB  - Portal venous flow, total hepatic blood-flow and hepatic artery flow were
      measured in healthy dogs by electromagnetic flowmetry and a double indicator
      dilution technique. Functional liver blood-flow was measured by the double
      indicator dilution technique. Functional hepatic blood-flow did not correlate
      with portal venous flow, total hepatic blood-flow or hepatic artery flow,
      measured by either electromagnetic flowmetry or a double indicator dilution
      technique. There was a good correlation (r = 0.83, P less than 0.001) between
      functional hepatic blood-flow and liver blood-flow, measured by the clearance of
      Xenon-133 injected directly into the liver parenchyma. It is concluded that the
      clearance of Xenon-133, injected directly into the liver parenchyma, is a rapid
      and simple method for measuring functional hepatic blood-flow.

PMID- 4053527
TI  - Plasma clearance of noradrenaline does not change with age in normal subjects.
AB  - Noradrenaline kinetics (plasma concentrations, plasma clearance and appearance
      rates) were investigated in seven elderly healthy subjects and in six young
      healthy subjects. Forearm venous plasma noradrenaline concentrations were higher
      in the elderly subjects compared with the young subjects. Plasma clearance of
      noradrenaline was identical in the two groups. The increase in plasma
      noradrenaline concentration, with age, probably reflects an increased sympathetic
      nervous activity.

PMID- 4053528
TI  - Cardiovascular responses to circulating catecholamines in normal pregnancy and in
      pregnancy-induced hypertension.
AB  - Patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and healthy pregnant and non
      pregnant women were compared with regard to cardiovascular responses to i.v.
      infusions of noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). This resulted in
      physiologically relevant concentrations in arterial plasma (maximally 10
      nmol/litre for NA and 6 nmol/litre for ADR). Non-pregnant women responded to NA
      with concentration-dependent increases in blood-pressure, which were caused by
      peripheral vasoconstriction, as systemic vascular resistance (SVR) was increased
      by 21%. Cardiac output was reduced by 6%. ADR caused concentration-dependent
      decreases in SVR (to values 36% below basal) and calf vascular resistance (CVR),
      as well as increases in cardiac output. Healthy pregnant women responded to NA
      with similar increases in blood-pressure, but this was due to stroke volume
      dependent increases in cardiac output (11%) and not due to vasoconstriction. ADR
      induced vasodilatation was attenuated in this group. Cardiac responses to ADR
      were unaffected by pregnancy. PIH patients demonstrated an enhanced systolic
      blood-pressure response to NA (19% increase vs 7-8% in the other groups) due to
      the combined effects of vasoconstriction (11% increase in SVR) and an essentially
      unchanged cardiac output. ADR-induced decreases in CVR and diastolic blood
      pressure were similar to those found in the non-pregnant group. Increases in
      heart rate were less pronounced, but cardiac output increased as normal. These
      results indicate that normal pregnancy is associated with attenuated vascular
      responses to circulating catecholamines. PIH patients do not seem to have
      undergone this normal adaptation of the vascular system to pregnancy.

PMID- 4053529
TI  - [Use of slow-release sodium diclofenac in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 4053530
TI  - [Therapeutic activity of phosphatidylcholine in diabetics with associated
      hyperdyslipidemia].

PMID- 4053531
TI  - [A two-center study on the effects of silymarin in pregnant women and adult
      patients with so-called minor hepatic insufficiency].

PMID- 4053532
TI  - [Intestinal myiasis in Crohn disease: pathogenetic hypothesis and therapy with
      mebendazole].

PMID- 4053533
TI  - [Primary osteoporosis].

PMID- 4053534
TI  - [Tuberculosis of the colon. Description of a clinical case].

PMID- 4053535
TI  - [Thermal therapy given to those under National Social Security in the
      municipality of Rome].

PMID- 4053536
TI  - [Diet in the prevention and therapy of the biochemical and nutritive changes in
      the diabetic patient].

PMID- 4053537
TI  - [Evaluation of R wave amplitude changes in patients subjected to cycloergometric
      exertion tests and myocardial scintigraphy with thallium-201].

PMID- 4053538
TI  - [Prevention of the cigarette smoking habit by the administration of a chewing gum
      containing nicotine].

PMID- 4053539
TI  - [Natural history of 45 patients with active chronic hepatitis in a general
      medicine unit].

PMID- 4053540
TI  - [Behavior of arterial pressure in the recuperative phase of the exertion test].

PMID- 4053541
TI  - [Grade II intermittent atrioventricular block during therapy with amiodarone.
      Dynamic Holter electrocardiographic study].

PMID- 4053542
TI  - [Clinical considerations on antibiotic therapy in acute and chronic flare-up
      infectious bronchopneumopathies].

PMID- 4053543
TI  - [Hypokalemic myopathy during prolonged anti-hypertensive therapy with
      indapamide].

PMID- 4053544
TI  - [Secondary prevention of idiopathic calcium urolithiasis].

PMID- 4053545
TI  - [Initial results of immunopolychemotherapeutic treatment in neoplastic pathology
      of the lung].

PMID- 4053546
TI  - [Use of silymarin in the treatment of alcoholic hepatic steatosis].

PMID- 4053547
TI  - [Our experience in the medical therapy of chronic cervico-trigonitis].

PMID- 4053548
TI  - [Adolescent psychiatry].

PMID- 4053549
TI  - [Short-term combined esophago-gastric pH monitoring. Indications and results].

PMID- 4053550
TI  - [Comparative study of cefoperazone versus rifamycin in the therapy of infections
      of the biliary ducts].

PMID- 4053551
TI  - [Acute unusual hemodynamic effects of the calcium-antagonists].

PMID- 4053553
TI  - [Diseases of the voice. Clinical assessment and therapeutic aims].

PMID- 4053552
TI  - [Treatment of vaginitis of diverse etiology with a new preparation derived from
      thiophene].

PMID- 4053554
TI  - [Ewing's sarcoma of the thoracic wall. Description of 7 clinical cases].

PMID- 4053555
TI  - [Clinical problems of idiopathic (immunologic) thrombocytopenia in pregnancy].

PMID- 4053556
TI  - Improving patients' compliance with antihypertensive regimens.

PMID- 4053557
TI  - Patient compliance.

PMID- 4053558
TI  - Dietary sodium restriction in the treatment of mild hypertension.

PMID- 4053559
TI  - Diuretic therapy update.

PMID- 4053560
TI  - Synthesis of type V collagen by fibroblasts derived from normal, inflamed and
      hyperplastic human connective tissues.
AB  - Increased type V collagen content is a feature of many inflammatory and
      fibroproliferative diseases. In order to understand the mechanism responsible for
      this increase we have studied type V collagen synthesis by fibroblasts obtained
      from normal, inflamed and phenytoin-hyperplastic human gingivae. Cultures were
      immunostained with antibodies to type V and I collagens to determine the
      proportion of cells producing type V collagen. In addition, cells were
      metabolically labeled with radioactive amino acids, and type V procollagen and
      collagen were fractionated and quantitated. Results showed that all the cells
      were stained by both anti-type V and type I antibodies. Anti-type V staining was
      observed outside the cells whereas anti-type I staining was localized
      intracellularly. The proportion of radioactive type V collagen in the individual
      cell strains ranged from 0-5.2% of the total collagens; however, differences
      among the three cell types were not statistically significant. No differences
      were observed in the procollagen [V] levels, which accounted for 6.5-15.1% of the
      total procollagens. We conclude that changes in fibroblast population may not be
      a significant factor contributing to increased type V collagen in inflammation
      and hyperplasia, and that the increase may be due to other factors such as
      modulation of synthesis activities by environmental ligands and resistance of
      type V collagen to degradation.

PMID- 4053561
TI  - Altered helical structure of a homotrimer of alpha 1(I)chains synthesized by
      fibroblasts from a variant of osteogenesis imperfecta.
AB  - Cultured skin fibroblasts from a variant of osteogenesis imperfecta were
      previously shown to synthesize a type I procollagen which was a homotrimer of pro
      alpha 1(I) chains. Trimers of alpha 1(I) collagen were isolated by pepsin
      digestion of culture medium from these fibroblasts. The amino acid composition of
      the isolated protein indicated that it contained an increased amount of
      hydroxylysine, apparently because of post-translational over-modification. The
      thermal stability of the alpha 1(I) trimers was examined by circular dichroism.
      We found no consistent difference in the melting curve of the alpha 1(I) trimers
      compared to control type I collagen. We next examined the thermal stability of
      the alpha 1(I) trimers using digestion with a combination of trypsin and alpha
      chymotrypsin as an alternative probe of helical stability. When enzymatic
      digestions were carried out at 36 degrees to 40 degrees C, the alpha 1(I) chains
      in the trimers were cleaved to polypeptides which were shortened by approximately
      100 amino acids. Vertebrate collagenase digestion of the shortened molecules
      indicated that the 100 amino acid segment removed from each alpha 1(I) chain was
      located at the carboxyl-terminus. The decreased thermal stability of the alpha
      1(I) trimers was probably explained by the absence of alpha 2(I) chains in the
      molecules. The results, however, did not exclude the possibility that the post
      translational over-modification of the alpha 1(I) chains contributed to the
      altered helical structure.

PMID- 4053562
TI  - The digestion of phagocytosed collagen is inhibited by the proteinase inhibitors
      leupeptin and E-64.
AB  - Using morphometric methods the effects of the thiol-proteinase inhibitors
      leupeptin and E-64 on the digestion of intracytoplasmic collagen fibrils were
      studied in cultured mouse bone explants. Both drugs caused a dose-dependent
      increase of lysosomal structures containing cross-banded collagen fibrils (CCV)
      in periosteal fibroblasts. After an incubation period of 48 hours, leupeptin (in
      a concentration of 65 microM) caused a thirty-fold increase in the volume
      fraction of CCV. This effect proved to be reversible following upon the
      withdrawal of the drug. Since the leupeptin-related accumulation of intracellular
      collagen fibrils was not significantly inhibited by alpha, alpha dipyridyl (a
      drug that interferes with collagen fibril formation), it is thought unlikely that
      the fibrils represented newly synthesized collagen. This view is further
      substantiated by data obtained from explants incubated in the presence of the
      phagocytosis-inhibiting agent cytochalasin B. This compound completely inhibited
      the leupeptin-related accumulation of CCV. The data strongly suggest that
      collagen fibrils found in cytoplasmic vacuoles of periosteal fibroblasts
      represent collagen taken up by phagocytosis, the integrity of cytoplasmic actin
      filament systems is a prerequisite for phagocytosis of collagen to occur, and
      thiol-proteinases, such as cathepsin B, L, and/or N, play an essential role in
      the digestion of internalized collagen.

PMID- 4053563
TI  - Collagen types in neocartilage tissue resulting from rib perichondrial graft in
      an articular defect--a rapid semi-quantitative methodology.
AB  - A method for estimating type II to type I collagen ratios in small tissue samples
      has been developed. The cyanogen bromide peptides of the tissue collagens were
      analyzed by SDS-gel electrophoresis. Marker peptides representative of each
      collagen type were established and their relative amounts determined by
      integration of the stained peptide bands following gel scans. Marker peptide
      ratios were then computed for each of several standard type II/type I mixtures
      and these peptide ratios were mathematically correlated with the corresponding
      type II/type I collagen ratios. A linear relationship between marker peptide
      ratio and collagen type ratio was established. This relationship was applied to
      the analyses of type II/type I ratios in samples of rib perichondrium and
      neocartilage derived from perichondrial graft repairs of full thickness femoral
      condyle defects. The results indicated that perichondrial grafts synthesize both
      types II and I collagens and that the proportion of type II increases with
      increasing post-transplant time.

PMID- 4053565
TI  - The interaction of contextual constraints and parafoveal visual information in
      reading.

PMID- 4053564
TI  - Cartilage collagen analysis in the chondrodystrophies.
AB  - A simple and reproducible method for analyzing small samples of cartilage
      collagens was developed. Following extraction with guanidine HCl, the cartilage
      specimens were digested directly with CNBr and the resultant peptides separated
      by gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography. Resting cartilage
      collagen CNBr peptide maps differed from normal in two inherited
      chondrodystrophies, achondrogenesis II and spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia
      congenita.

PMID- 4053566
TI  - Production of monoclonal antibodies against avidin.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies of the IgG1 subclass were generated against chicken avidin.
      These antibodies were shown to be as sensitive as polyclonal antiserum in
      detecting avidin by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA) methods. Furthermore, the monoclonal antibodies were considerably more
      specific. Our results with a monoclonal anti-avidin RIA support previous findings
      that in inflammatory conditions avidin is synthesized also in other organs than
      the oviduct, although in the liver a major part of the activity detected by
      polyclonal anti-avidin RIA or biotin-bentonite assay was not due to avidin.

PMID- 4053567
TI  - Subcellular distribution of aminotransferases, and pyruvate branch point enzymes
      in gill tissue from four bivalves.
AB  - Aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), malic enzyme
      (ME), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), pyruvate kinase (PK), and phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase (PEPCK) activities in cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions of gill
      tissue from Modiolus demissus (ribbed mussel), Mytilus edulis (sea mussel),
      Crassostrea virginica (oyster) and Mercenaria mercenaria (quahog) were determined
      using enzyme assay and starch gel electrophoresis combined with subcellular
      fractionation. AAT showed distinct mitochondrial and cytosolic isozymes in gills
      of all these animals. Although ALAT showed distinct mitochondrial and cytosolic
      isozymes in the gills of oysters, sea mussels and quahogs, only the mitochondrial
      ALAT was evident in ribbed mussel gill tissue. PK and PEPCK were cytosolic in all
      these preparations. ME was found only in the mitochondrial fraction of ribbed
      mussel and quahog gill tissue whereas sea mussel gills showed distinct cytosolic
      and mitochondrial ME isozymes. With oyster gills, the "cytosolic ME" was
      electrophoretically identical to the mitochondrial ME indicating that in vivo,
      the ME is probably mitochondrial. MDH showed distinct cytosolic and mitochondrial
      isozymes in all bivalve gills tested.

PMID- 4053569
TI  - Primate (Macaca fascicularis) transferrin: isolation and partial
      characterization.
AB  - The serum transferrin from the primate, Macaca fascicularis is isolated by a
      purification protocol consisting of ammonium sulphate precipitation and column
      chromatography. The hexose (galactose + mannose) content of Macaca transferrin is
      4.7 mole per mole of protein. Quantitative determination of the sialic acid
      content shows that there are two sialic acid residues per molecule of Macaca
      transferrin. This conclusion is supported by the neuraminidase treatment of
      Macaca transferrin, in which there is a 2-step decrease in electrophoretic
      mobility. Monoferric Macaca transferrins with Fe3+ selectively labelled at the C-
      and N-terminal sites (TfFec and FeNTf) are prepared at pH 5.5 and 8.5 using
      ferric dinitrilotriacetate [Fe(NTA)2] chelate and ferrous ammonium sulphate,
      respectively.

PMID- 4053568
TI  - Fatty acid synthesis from amino acids in sheep adipose tissue.
AB  - The rates of incorporation of 14C from 14C labelled acetate, glucose, alanine,
      leucine, isoleucine and valine into fatty acids has been measured in perirenal
      adipose tissue from foetal lambs and 8-month-old sheep, and into both fatty acids
      and acylglycerol glycerol in adipose tissue from 3-year-old sheep and 220-240 g
      female rats. Rates of incorporation of 14C from amino acids into fatty acids were
      much lower in adipose tissue from sheep (at all three ages) than from rats,
      whereas rates of incorporation of 14C into acylglycerol glycerol were either
      greater in sheep adipose tissue or the same as in rat adipose tissue. The rate of
      incorporation of 14C from amino acids into fatty acids decreased in the order
      leucine greater than alanine greater than isoleucine greater than valine in
      adipose tissue from rats and foetal lambs, and in the order leucine greater than
      alanine = isoleucine greater than valine in adipose tissue from 8-month- and 3
      year-old sheep. Amino acids make a very small contribution to fatty acid
      synthesis in adipose tissue from sheep at all stages of development examined
      while fatty acids are a minor product of amino acid metabolism in sheep adipose
      tissue. The study provides further evidence for an important role for ATP-citrate
      lyase in restricting the utilization of acetyl-CoA generated in the mitochondria
      for fatty acid synthesis.

PMID- 4053570
TI  - Fatty acid biosynthesis in liver and adipose tissue from dogs.
AB  - Production of CO2, fatty acids and glycerol from glucose and acetate was measured
      in slices of liver and adipose tissue taken from mature dogs. Acetate was the
      predominant carbon source for de novo fatty acid synthesis in both tissues. Fatty
      acid synthesis occurred at greater rates in adipose tissue than in liver. Glucose
      provided carbon for glycerol synthesis production in adipose tissue. Results
      support the concept that adipose tissue, and not liver, is the principal
      anatomical site for fatty acid synthesis in dogs.

PMID- 4053571
TI  - Influence of temperature on the in vitro activity of GDP-mannose
      dolicholphosphate mannosyltransferase in rat and trout liver microsomes.
AB  - Temperature optimum of mannosyltransferase activity in liver microsomes is higher
      in trout than in rat, but this enzymatic activity for rat is higher than trout.
      Activation energies calculated for mannosyltransferase activity for trout and rat
      do not correlate with environmental temperature. For a given incubation
      temperature, Vm values for rat are higher than trout, whereas Km values for trout
      are lower than rat.

PMID- 4053572
TI  - Inhibition of succinate oxidation and K+ transport in mitochondria during
      hibernation.
AB  - Respiration of liver mitochondria of ground squirrels changes with physiological
      state. The inhibition of respiration at the level of dehydrogenases occurs during
      hibernation which is spontaneously removed during arousal. The main mechanism
      causing a decrease in respiration during hibernation seems to be the inhibition
      of succinate oxidation, induced by oxaloacetic acid. This is evidenced by the
      removal of the inhibition by glutamic and isocitric acids. A close correlation
      between the changes of K+ transport in mitochondria and of the physiological
      state of hibernator is observed. During hibernation the K+ transport rate
      decreases 3 times and during arousal it increases 1.5-fold in comparison with the
      active animals. The K+ content in mitochondria of hibernating and active ground
      squirrels is the same, whereas during arousal it increases 2-fold.

PMID- 4053573
TI  - In vitro estimation of the rate of hexose phosphorylation, by sequential pulsing
      with [3H]- and [14C]2-deoxy-D-glucose.
AB  - The rate of phosphorylation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2dGlc) was determined by
      incubating Schistosoma mansoni in vitro in [3H]2-deoxy-D-glucose; 60 sec after
      exposure to the [3H]dGlc, [14C]dGlc was added to the medium, and metabolic
      activity was arrested at 2 min by immersion of the tissue in ice-cold silicone
      oil. Column chromatographic separation of the neutral [3H]- and [14C]dGlc from
      the [3H]- and [14C]2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate permitted estimation of the
      quantity of [3H]dGlc phosphorylated in 2 min, and the proportion of [14C]dGlc
      phosphorylated in 1 min; thus a phosphorylation rate was determined from a single
      tissue sample. In male schistosomes derived from mouse infections 4.4 +/- 0.8% of
      the dGlc was phosphorylated each minute, and 4.2 +/- 0.9% in the females. Lower
      rates of phosphorylation were measured in schistosomes taken from hamsters where
      males phosphorylated 2.4 +/- 1.1% of the dGlc each minute, and in females 2.7 +/-
      1.0%. These studies suggest the high rate of hexose utilization by schistosomes
      compares to the conscious rat brain, where 11% of the dGlc is phosphorylated each
      minute.

PMID- 4053574
TI  - Comparative kinetic studies of Mn2+-activated and fructose-1,6-P-modified Mg2+
      activated pyruvate kinase from Concholepas concholepas.
AB  - Initial velocity and product inhibition studies of Mn2+-activated and FDP
      modified Mg2+-activated pyruvate kinase from Concholepas concholepas, were
      performed. Evidence is presented to show that the Mn2+-enzyme catalyzes an
      ordered sequential mechanism, with ADP being the first substrate and pyruvate the
      last product. The results presented are consistent with a random combination of
      reactants with the FDP-modified Mg2+-activated enzyme and the formation of the
      dead-end complexes enzyme ADP-ATP and enzyme-PEP-ATP.

PMID- 4053575
TI  - The isolation and characterization of pepsinogens from the proventriculus of the
      ostrich Struthio camelus.
AB  - Three pepsinogens were isolated and purified from the proventriculus of the
      ostrich Struthio camelus, by a combination of chromatography steps on DEAE
      cellulose, Sephadex G-100 and Hydroxylapatite. The purified pepsinogens
      manifested peptic activity towards haemoglobin as substrate after activation, but
      resembled chicken pepsinogens in that they appeared to lose their potential
      peptic activities during storage. All three pepsinogens contained glycine as N
      terminal amino acid, but differed in their overall amino acid compositions. The
      pH and temperature optima of the activated pepsinogens were determined, as well
      as their molecular weights.

PMID- 4053576
TI  - Chain-length specificities of mitochondrial and peroxisomal beta-oxidation of
      fatty acids in livers of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).
AB  - Peroxisomes and mitochondria were prepared from livers of rainbow trout fed diets
      containing either 15% crude fish oil (CFO) or 11.5% partially hydrogenated fish
      oil (PHFO) plus 3.5% CFO. Peroxisomal preparations from the two dietary groups
      showed similar rates and substrate specificity patterns for acyl-CoA oxidation.
      The peroxisomal oxidation rate was highest with 12:0-CoA and decreased with
      increasing chain length, being negligible with 22-carbon acyl-CoA's. The trans
      isomer of 18:1(n-9) was oxidized at a higher rate than the cis isomer only by
      peroxisomes from the PHFO + CFO group. Mitochondria prepared from both groups of
      fish exhibited a broad chain-length specificity for the oxidation of
      acylcarnitines. Both polyunsaturated and trans monoenoic fatty acids were readily
      oxidized.

PMID- 4053577
TI  - Intracellular distribution of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes in liver of
      rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri.
AB  - The intracellular distribution of enzymes of the TCA cycle was investigated in
      liver of rainbow trout. All enzymes of the cycle apart from succinyl thiokinase
      were detected. Citrate synthase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and succinate
      dehydrogenase were wholly mitochondrial. Fumarase, malate dehydrogenase,
      aconitase and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase were detected in both cytosol and
      mitochondria.

PMID- 4053578
TI  - The glutathione S-transferase activity in the kidney of rainbow trout (Salmo
      gairdneri).
AB  - Trout kidney contains 2.3 mmol GSH/kg. The cytosolic glutathione S-transferase
      activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate is 0.35 mumol/min/mg
      protein. There is no detectable activity with 1,2-epoxy-3-(p
      nitrophenoxy)propane, ethacrynic acid, p-nitrobenzyl chloride or p-nitrophenyl
      acetate. A variable proportion of the activity does not bind to a glutathione
      affinity matrix. Its Km values for GSH and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene are 3.0
      and 5.1 mM, respectively. The rest of the activity is eluted from the affinity
      matrix as one main and two minor peaks. The main peak has Km values for GSH and 1
      chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene of 0.4 and 4.5 mM, respectively. Its subunit Mr is
      22,900. The activity in the main peak is inhibited progressively by 1-chloro-2,4
      dinitrobenzene with a rate constant of 0.11/min.

PMID- 4053579
TI  - Kinetic studies on the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-5) isozymes of brown trout,
      Salmo trutta L.
AB  - The LDH-5 isozymes of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., were purified and subjected
      to enzyme kinetic analysis. A hierarchy of magnitude existed for both Km(pyr) and
      Km(lac) such that LDH-5(105/105) greater than (100/105) greater than (100/100).
      The results suggest that the 105 allele has been replaced by 100 at Ldh-5 under
      the action of natural selection.

PMID- 4053580
TI  - Effects of fasting on mucus glycoprotein biosynthesis in rat stomach.
AB  - Biosynthetic activity of gastrin mucus glycoprotein in rats after fasting for 24
      and 72 hr was studied by the organ culture technique. Fasting produced a slight
      reduction in gastric mucus glycoprotein biosynthesis in the corpus and antrum
      (about 70-90% of fed rats). Sulfation of gastric mucus glycoprotein was
      restrained in the corpus (18% in control for 72 hr).

PMID- 4053581
TI  - AA-amyloidosis in dogs: partial amino acid sequence of protein AA and
      immunohistochemical cross-reactivity with human and cow AA-amyloid.
AB  - Protein AA was purified from the kidneys of dogs with spontaneous reactive
      amyloidosis. The protein had a blocked N-terminal. Sequence analysis of a peptide
      obtained after cyanogen bromide cleavage revealed an amino acid sequence
      corresponding to positions 24-42 of human AA. This region showed a strong
      homology to protein AA of other species. Antiserum to both human and dog protein
      AA reacted immunohistochemically with AA amyloid of human, dog and cow origin.

PMID- 4053582
TI  - Metabolic pathways of ammoniogenesis in the shrimp Crangon crangon L.: possible
      role of glutamate dehydrogenase.
AB  - The oxidative deamination of glutamate by glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was
      determined in crude homogenates of the shrimp Crangon crangon. The GDH activity
      of whole shrimps (1.192 +/- 0.164 UI/g wet wt and 0.032 +/- 0.004 UI mg protein)
      (+/- SD) is probably sufficient to account for all the ammonia excretion of this
      species. Starvation markedly influenced GDH activity. A 50% decrease of GDH
      activity was observed following 7 days of fasting but subsequently no further
      decrease in GDH activity was noticed during starvation up to a maximum of 17
      days.

PMID- 4053583
TI  - A survey of polar and non-polar lipids of mouse organs.
AB  - Total lipid was extracted from mouse (Mus musculus) heart, kidney, lung, liver,
      intestine, brain, stomach, dermis and epidermis and analyzed by quantitative thin
      layer chromatography. All of the tissues contained phospholipids, triglycerides,
      sterols and free fatty acids. All tissues except brain contained small amounts of
      steryl esters, and all except stomach contained some glycosylceramides. Wax
      diesters were found in both the dermis and epidermis. Only epidermis contained a
      high proportion of ceramides. Acylglucosylceramides were uniquely present in
      epidermis.

PMID- 4053584
TI  - A comparison by species, age and sex of cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase activity
      and taurine concentration in liver and brain of animals.
AB  - Cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase activity and taurine concentration were
      determined in liver and brain of rats, mice, cats, guinea-pigs and sheep. Values
      were compared for male and female animals and in some cases measurements were
      also made in animals of different ages. Cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase activity
      and taurine concentration were also measured in liver and brain of male and
      female rat pups during the postnatal period. Hepatic cysteinesulfinate
      decarboxylase activity increased in both male and female rat pups during the
      postnatal period and then declined markedly in female rats so that activity in
      adult males was 16-fold that in adult females. Cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase
      activity in liver of 5- to 6-week old kittens was 73 times that observed in liver
      of 15-month old cats. Taurine level in liver of guinea-pigs was much lower than
      that in liver of any other species studied.

PMID- 4053585
TI  - Regional biochemical and morphological characteristics of rat knee meniscus.
AB  - The biochemical and morphological characteristics of the anterior and posterior
      regions of the rat knee meniscus were studied. The anterior meniscal horn was
      thicker and contained a lower concentration of DNA, hydroxyproline, and uronic
      acid as compared to the posterior region. The calcium concentration in the
      anterior region, however, was significantly greater than the calcium
      concentration in the posterior horn. Presence of a significant concentration of
      calcium in the normal rat knee meniscus is unique to rats and uncommon in other
      mammalian species.

PMID- 4053586
TI  - Influence of environmental temperature and energy intake on porcine skeletal
      muscle mitochondria.
AB  - The influence of acclimation to a cold (10 degrees C) or warm (35 degrees C)
      environment on the functional characteristics of skeletal muscle mitochondria has
      been investigated in young pigs on a high (H) or low (L) energy intake. Living at
      10 degrees C increased the amount of mitochondrial protein and the concentration
      of cytochrome. Ca2+-stimulated succinate oxidation by mitochondria from the 35H
      group was tightly coupled and similar to that in pigs living under normal
      husbandry conditions. Mitochondria from the three other groups were readily
      uncoupled and thus resembled those from pigs susceptible to malignant
      hyperthermia. Arrhenius plots of State 3 Ca2+-stimulated succinate oxidation
      showed that energy intake altered the transition temperature suggesting possible
      differences in the structure of the mitochondrial membrane.

PMID- 4053587
TI  - Plasmalogens in the gill lipids of aquatic animals.
AB  - Lipids constituted 0.6-2.2% wet wt of the gills of 11 species of aquatic animals
      (4 bivalves, a crustacean and 6 fishes). Phospholipids, largely
      phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), are major components
      of all species. The plasmalogen contents of these lipids were 47-291 mumol/g,
      with the highest values found for bivalve gill total lipids and the catfish
      phospholipid fraction.

PMID- 4053588
TI  - Isolation and characterization of glycosaminoglycans from Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - Tegumental tissues of paired adult Schistosoma mansoni were removed by treatment
      with Triton X-100 and recovered by centrifugation. The chloroform-methanol
      insoluble residues of this isolated tegumental fraction and of the denuded
      carcasses were analysed for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and sialic acid contents.
      Treatment with GAG-specific enzymes followed by electrophoretic analysis showed
      that both the carcass and tegument contained heparin and/or heparan sulfate,
      chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid. All these except hyaluronic acid were
      present in the tegumental fraction. Based on uronic acid content, about 73% of
      the total GAG was in the tegumental membrane, 15% in the tegmental matrix and the
      remaining 12% was in the carcass. The presence of heparin-like polysaccharide may
      present entrapment of the schistosoma by the hosts' blood-clotting process.

PMID- 4053589
TI  - Comparative kinetics of the sulphatases A.
AB  - The kinetic behaviour of the sulphatase A from kangaroo liver is that of a simple
      hysteretic system involving a substrate-modified form of the enzyme. The
      equilibrium between the native and substrate-modified forms is influenced by one
      of the reaction products, sulphate. The behaviour of the system differs markedly
      from that involving the ox enzyme and a generalised model is presented to account
      for the behaviour of the sulphatases A from ox, human, rat and kangaroo livers.

PMID- 4053590
TI  - A study on phosphoglucose isomerase enzyme in some elasmobranch fishes collected
      from Khor Al-Zubair, north west of the Arabian Gulf, Iraq.
AB  - Tissue extracts of skeletal muscle, brain, gills, liver, kidney, heart, eye and
      spleen were electrophoretically examined for phosphoglucose isomerase (EC
      5.3.1.9) activity in five species of elasmobranch fishes. Two phosphoglucose
      isomerases (PGI) with different specification have been found in all groups of
      elasmobranch fishes studied. PGI proved to be a good taxonomic criterion to
      differentiate members of the families Sphyrindae and Dasyatidae from the other
      remaining elasmobranch families. PGI appears to be controlled by duplicated genes
      as in other teleostean fishes.

PMID- 4053591
TI  - Inhibition of trypsins and chymotrypsins from different animal species: a
      comparative study.
AB  - The effect of 3 purified trypsin inhibitors and 4 legume seed extracts on teh
      trypsins and chymotrypsins of the activated pancreata of 11 animal species,
      including man, was measured. The activation was performed by either homologous
      enterokinase or by bovine trypsin. Several trypsinogens were not activated by the
      latter. Rabbit trypsin was the most sensitive to all inhibitor preparations,
      while the human trypsin was the most resistant, except to the black bean extract.
      The response of the chymotrypsins was more variable and those of capybara and
      rabbit showed extreme sensitivity. Considerable differences between the extracts
      of black and white garden beans, both Phaseolus vulgaris, with respect to their
      reactivity toward different animal enzymes were detected. No relation between
      relative pancreas weight and susceptibility toward soybean trypsin inhibitor
      could be observed.

PMID- 4053592
TI  - Some regulatory properties of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in frozen-thawed
      rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - The influence of various organic acids on 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
      activity in frozen-thawed rat liver mitochondria was studied. Pyruvate and
      oxaloacetate were found to exert inhibitory effects, that were apparently
      indirect ones. Malonate appeared to be a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme, the
      kinetic constants being comparable with those for enzyme preparations from other
      sources. Physiological role for malonate and oxaloacetate in the ketone body
      oxidation are discussed.

PMID- 4053593
TI  - Adenine nucleotide metabolism in pigeon liver and heart: diurnal changes and
      correlations between indices.
AB  - The adenine nucleotide and Pi content of pigeon liver and heart were determined,
      and the energy charge, phosphoryl potential and mass action ratio of adenylate
      kinase were calculated over the 24 hr period. All the indices of adenine
      nucleotide metabolism were shown to vary a 2- to 4-fold extent, both in liver and
      heart. The correlation coefficients for each of the adenine nucleotides and each
      of the calculated indices were computed and shown to be different for liver and
      heart. The difference between pigeon liver, pigeon heart and rat liver in the
      diurnal variation of adenine nucleotide metabolism, in the regulatory mechanism,
      and in metabolism on the whole is discussed.

PMID- 4053594
TI  - Application of image processing techniques to gamma-angiography.
AB  - Different image processing techniques have been tested and compared on data
      derived from gamma-angiography images to detect the boundary of the left
      ventricle. The method involves a preprocessing step, followed by the edge
      detection itself. The best preprocessing is a nonlinear "variant" filtering,
      where each pixel is replaced by the average of the 3 X 3 neighborhood having the
      smallest variance. The edge detector giving the best contour is a Sobel operator.
      A second-order high-pass Butterworth filter also provides a good segmentation.

PMID- 4053595
TI  - Induction in the guinea pig of delayed hypersensitivity to compound 48/80.
AB  - Intradermal injection of compound 48/80 into the nuchal area of the guinea pig in
      an adjuvant/water emulsion induced strong delayed hypersensitivity. Groups of 8
      animals were injected weekly for 3 weeks with 100 microliter of 10%, 1%, 0.1% or
      0% of compound 48/80 in the adjuvant/water emulsion. 6 of 8 animals in the
      highest concentration group died between 1 and 24 h after the first injection.
      The other concentrations produced no visible evidence of acute toxicity. 2 weeks
      after the last injection, the animals were challenged with an open topical
      application of 1%, 0.1%, 0.01%, and 0% of compound 48/80 in 3:7 propylene
      glycol/ethanol. The strongest reactions were found in the 0.1% induction group.
      Some degree of immunologic tolerance may have occurred in the 1% induction group
      resulting in somewhat weaker challenge responses.

PMID- 4053596
TI  - Variation in cutaneous sensation between synthetic pyrethroid insecticides.
AB  - Synthetic pyrethroids are potent insecticides, utilized for food protection and
      general pest control. Numerous investigations have indicated that ultra-low
      volume applications are effective and may eliminate the developing problem of
      resistance to the currently utilized insecticides. The most prominent health
      symptom that accompanies topical contact with these agents appears to be a
      cutaneous sensation, paresthesia. In this investigation, a substantial difference
      in the degree of paresthesia was noted between the formulated grade of 4
      synthetic pyrethroids. Also, dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate was statistically
      validated as an efficacious therapeutic agent for cutaneous exposure to these
      insecticides.

PMID- 4053597
TI  - Interrelationship of nickel and cobalt contact sensitization.
AB  - The possible modulating effect of previous nickel sensitization on subsequent
      cobalt sensitization, and vice versa, was studied in a guinea pig model, using an
      open epicutanous induction protocol. Challenge tests were made by both topical
      and systemic routes. Controls included animals sensitized to only one of the
      metals. Animals sensitized with both metals seemed to react more readily in patch
      testing to either allergen, as compared to mono-sensitized animals. Systemic
      challenge with cobalt revealed a significantly (p less than 0.05) higher reaction
      rate (70%) in animals originally sensitized to cobalt and subsequently to nickel,
      as compared to the reaction rate (20%) in cobalt mono-sensitized animals. The
      reverse order of double-sensitization (nickel first, cobalt subsequently) led to
      an intermediate cobalt sensitization rate (50%). These experimental data
      corroborate clinical findings which have indicated a mutual enhancing effect of
      nickel and cobalt contact sensitization in man, and provide an animal model for
      studying the underlying immunological processes.

PMID- 4053598
TI  - Patch tests in Sezary syndrome and mycosis fungoides.
AB  - A retrospective series of 34 patients with the diagnoses of Sezary syndrome, pre
      Sezary syndrome, or mycosis fungoides had had patch testing. Of these, 27 had at
      least 1 positive reaction (11 of 12 with pre-Sezary syndrome, 6 of 10 with Sezary
      syndrome, and 10 of 12 with mycosis fungoides). The highest average number of
      positive reactions was observed in patients with pre-Sezary syndrome (4.7 per
      patient). There was no predominance of positive reactions to any one allergen,
      but 13 of the 27 patients reacted to a metal allergen. Only 1 of 5 patients who
      had photopatch testing had a positive result. This retrospective study revealed
      delayed contact hypersensitivity responses in this group of patients and should
      serve as a basis for prospective consideration of contact dermatitis factors in
      patients with mycosis fungoides and Sezary states.

PMID- 4053599
TI  - Sensitizing potential of dicyanodiamide.

PMID- 4053600
TI  - Serum proteins and immunoglobulins in contact urticaria.

PMID- 4053601
TI  - Temperature effects in contact urticaria.

PMID- 4053602
TI  - Contraception in male monkeys by intra-vas deferens injection of a pH lowering
      polymer.
AB  - A new male method of contraception by injecting a polymer, styrene-maleic
      anhydride (SMA), into the lumen of the vas deferens has been studied on rhesus
      monkeys. The polymer has the dual feature that it can occlude the vas deferens
      lumen and also it can inhibit the fertilising ability of spermatozoa by virtue of
      the pH lowering effect. Matings with females were carried out when the lumen was
      completely occluded giving azoospermia as well as with partial block and
      spermatozoa present in the semen. All matings were infertile. Data up to one year
      is presented. All indications are that the contraceptive effect will last for a
      considerably long period.

PMID- 4053604
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of ethynyl estradiol: a current view.
AB  - There are large discrepancies in the values reported for the parameters of
      ethynyl estradiol pharmacokinetics. Economies in sampling frequency (in the hope
      that computer simulation will serve the purpose), difficulties in measurement of
      plasma levels resulting from the small doses used, extensive oxidative
      metabolism, distribution, and enterohepatic circulation all complicate the effort
      to obtain reliable data. The problems in quantitating various pharmacokinetic
      parameters and the techniques for their evaluation, as well as methods for the
      determination of the requisite sampling times and frequencies are discussed, and
      best estimates for the various parameters, as derived from the literature, are
      provided.

PMID- 4053603
TI  - Hormonal contraception in diabetic women: acceptability and influence on diabetes
      control and ovarian function of a nonalkylated estrogen/progestogen compound.
AB  - The clinical acceptability and the influence on diabetes control were
      investigated in 50 women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) during
      intake of a combined nonalkylated estrogen/progestogen compound (4 mg 17-beta
      estradiol, 2 mg estriol and 1 mg norethindrone) for one year. In 6 IDDM women,
      the influence of the hormonal treatment on diabetes control and on ovarian
      function was investigated by measuring the concentration of glycosylated
      hemoglobin (Hb-Alc), fasting plasma glucose, serum estradiol, serum estrone,
      serum progesterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) capacity. No pregnancy
      occurred during the study and the overall continuation rate of 60% compare well
      with the continuation rate normally found in non-diabetic women after
      administration of conventional type oral contraceptives. No difficulties with
      diabetes control was registered and no significant changes in insulin
      requirements, 24-h urinary glucose excretion nd Hb-Alc were found. Ovulation was
      inhibited during the hormonal intake as judged by serum progesterone
      measurements. Serum estrone increased (p less than 0.05), but this had no
      influence on SHBG capacity, indicating that the estrogen/androgen balance was
      unchanged during treatment.

PMID- 4053606
TI  - Immunoglobulin levels in the serum and cervical mucus of tailed copper IUD users.
AB  - Immunoglobulin levels were measured by agar gel single radial immunodiffusion in
      the serum and cervical mucus of 50 tailed copper IUD users, 20 combined oral
      contraceptive users and 20 women not using contraception (controls). IgG, IgA and
      IgM levels were significantly higher in the copper IUD users compared to the
      other two groups. It is not known whether this was related to the small numbers
      of bacteria found in the uterine cavity of tailed IUD users or to the foreign
      body reaction of the device.

PMID- 4053605
TI  - Progesterone receptor blockage. Effect on uterine contractility and early
      pregnancy.
AB  - RU 486 is an antiprogestin which acts at the receptor level. In the present study
      the effect of this compound on uterine contractility and sensitivity during early
      pregnancy was evaluated in 10 patients. Five patients in the 6th to 7th week of
      pregnancy received 25 mg RU 486 twice daily for four days. On the fourth day of
      treatment, uterine contractility was recorded. The remaining five early pregnant
      patients were untreated and served as control. Withdrawal of progesterone locally
      by RU 486 treatment resulted in the development of a regular uterine activity
      which was in sharp contrast to the low level contractility pattern found in the
      untreated control patients. Also the sensitivity to prostaglandin increased
      following RU 486 treatment. The efficacy of a sequential therapy of RU 486 and
      the PGE analogue 16-phenoxy-tetranor-PGE2 methyl sulfonylamide for termination of
      early pregnancy was also studied. Thirty-four early pregnant women (duration of
      amenorrhea for up to 49 days) admitted to the hospital for termination of their
      pregnancy volunteered for the study. The patients received 25 mg RU 486 twice or
      four times daily for four days. In the morning of the fourth day of RU 486
      treatment, a small dose (0.25 mg) of the PGE analogue was given as a single
      intramuscular injection. The combined treatment resulted in complete abortion in
      32 patients (94%). One patient experienced an incomplete abortion and in one
      patient the pregnancy continued unaffected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4053607
TI  - Severe respiratory disease in dairy cattle in New York State associated with
      bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection.
AB  - Severe respiratory disease associated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus
      (BRSV) infection has been identified in dairy cattle in New York State. The cases
      identified occurred in dairy calves and heifers. The disease was characterized in
      4 animals by pathologic changes including interstitial pneumonia, necrotizing
      bronchiolitis with multinucleated syncytial epithelial cells and interstitial
      emphysema. BRSV antigen was demonstrated in lung samples or was isolated in
      tissue culture in all 4 cases. A retrospective survey of 6279 bovine diagnostic
      accessions between 1977 and 1982 revealed 66 cases of interstitial pneumonia,
      often with concurrent bronchiolitis. In this 5 year period, only 1 case in 1981
      had interstitial pneumonia and bronchiolitis with pathologic features consistent
      with BRSV infection. It is concluded that pathogenic BRSV has entered New York
      State and that it is contributing to clinical respiratory disease in dairy
      cattle.

PMID- 4053608
TI  - Progressive paresis in sheep due to delayed neurotoxicity of triaryl phosphates.
AB  - This report describes the history, signs, histopathology, and diagnosis of a
      delayed neurotoxicity in Suffolk sheep caused by transmission oil. The signs of
      toxicity included hyperexcitability, a stiff gait, tetraparesis and inability to
      maintain sternal recumbency. The circumstances involved in exposure to the
      transmission oil were determined. Histopathology revealed widespread degeneration
      of axons in the spinal cord, especially their more distal portions.

PMID- 4053609
TI  - Ram management for northeastern flocks.
AB  - The ram is an important member of the flock, particularly in smaller, intensively
      managed flocks such as are found in the Northeast. An infertile ram can spell
      reproductive and financial failure for the producer. A highly fertile ram can
      settle more ewes in a shorter time, produce more twins, and confer valuable
      traits on his offspring. These include wool type, rate of gain and higher sperm
      production and ovulation rates. Details of the breeding soundness examination,
      including semen evaluation are discussed. Ram management techniques appropriate
      for Northeastern sheep producers are presented.

PMID- 4053610
TI  - Catecholamine infusion in vagotomized dogs during thiamylal-halothane and
      pentobarbital anesthesia.
AB  - The cardiac arrhythmogenic infusion rate of epinephrine, dopamine, and dobutamine
      in vagotomized dogs was determined during thiamylal-halothane and pentobarbital
      anesthesia. Epinephrine, dopamine, and dobutamine were administered until 4 or
      more ventricular arrhythmias on duplicated trials were produced or until a
      predetermined maximum infusion rate was attained. The mean ventricular
      arrhythmogenic infusion rates (micrograms X kg-1 X min-1) during thiamylal
      halothane anesthesia were: epinephrine, 0.57 +/- 0.24; dopamine, 23.7 +/- 8.26;
      and dobutamine, 10.21 +/- 3.54. Few arrhythmias were produced at the maximum
      administered infusion rate during pentobarbital anesthesia (2 of 6 with
      epinephrine, 3 of 6 with dopamine, and 0 of 6 administered dobutamine). Heart
      rate and blood pressure increased progressively with increasing infusion rates
      for all 3 catecholamines during thiamylal-halothane anesthesia. Heart rate and
      blood pressure changes were similar during pentobarbital anesthesia except for
      blood pressure changes during dobutamine infusion.

PMID- 4053611
TI  - Renal encephalopathy in a cow.
AB  - A 14-month-old Holstein heifer collapsed suddenly and died. Significant gross
      post mortem findings were limited to the kidneys. Histopathological examination
      revealed a severe, chronic, diffuse, interstitial nephritis. Microscopic
      examination of the brain revealed a multifocal spongiform encephalopathy, closely
      resembling that seen in cattle with hepatic encephalopathy. As is well recognized
      in man, this is a case of encephalopathy resulting from renal failure.

PMID- 4053613
TI  - Preventive study of atherosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease risk factors
      among Kaunas school-children.
AB  - In a series of 1,216 Kaunas school-children aged 10-15 years, a study was
      conducted of risk factors for atherosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease
      (elevated blood pressure, overweight, reduced physical activity, and smoking),
      and of the influence of nonmedicamentous measures on the risk factors' level.
      After three-years intensive health education concentrated on school-children and
      their parents, the number of smokers and subjects with reduced physical activity
      among school-children significantly decreased and the number of overweight school
      children also dropped in the preventive intervention district, compared to the
      control district. The study showed the need for regular examinations of school
      children for detecting the presence of risk factors, and the effectiveness of
      primary non-medicamentous prevention of atherosclerosis and ischaemic heart
      disease, carried out from school-age.

PMID- 4053612
TI  - Complications following thiacetarsamide sodium therapy in Louisiana dogs with
      naturally-occurring heartworm disease.
AB  - Four hundred and sixteen dogs with naturally-occurring heartworm disease were
      evaluated for complications following thiacetarsamide sodium therapy. Of these,
      109 dogs (26.2%) experienced complications. Increased lung sounds was the most
      commonly seen complication, followed by fever and coughing. In dogs with
      complications, 83.5% of them presented without clinical evidence of pulmonary
      thromboembolism or heart failure. There were no statistically significant
      differences between the age, sex, breed and body size of dogs that experienced
      complications following thiacetarsamide therapy and dogs that did not.
      Complications were most frequently seen 5 to 9 days following thiacetarsamide
      therapy although some dogs experienced initial complications as late as 28 days.
      Thirty-three of 109 dogs (33.0%) with complications responded to exercise
      restriction. The remaining 76 dogs with complications prior to or following
      thiacetarsamide required adjunct drug therapy. Of these, 35 dogs responded
      favorably to anti-inflammatory doses of prednisolone or prednisone. Five dogs
      died or were euthanatized because of the complications experienced. Eighteen of
      416 dogs (4.3%) presented with clinical evidence of pulmonary thromboembolism or
      heart failure prior to the thiacetarsamide therapy. All 18 dogs experienced
      complications in spite of adjunct drug therapy and exercise restriction prior to,
      during, and following thiacetarsamide therapy. Survival rate following resolution
      of the thiacetarsamide-induced complications was greater than 98%.

PMID- 4053614
TI  - Relationship between risk factors and ischaemic heart disease mortality in a
      representative sample of men aged 45-59 years in Kaunas.
AB  - The results of a 7-year prospective follow-up of a representative sample of men
      aged 45-49 years living in Kaunas, who were initially examined within the
      framework of the Kaunas-Rotterdam Intervention Study, are presented. The
      relationship was investigated between systolic and diastolic hypertension,
      hypercholesterolaemia, smoking impaired glucose tolerance on the one hand, and
      mortality (total and from ischaemic heart disease) on the other hand. The main
      cause of death in the studied series were cardiovascular diseases (38.7%); of
      these, in 62% of cases ischaemic heart disease. Among subjects who had been found
      healthy at screening, the most unfavourable prognosis as regards mortality from
      ischaemic heart disease, had men with hypertension.

PMID- 4053615
TI  - Relief of mitral incompetence by selective intracoronary thrombolysis in
      hyperacute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Left ventriculography and coronary arteriography were performed in 47 patients
      with hyperacute myocardial infarction prior to recanalization of the infarct
      related vessel. Mitral regurgitation was found in ten patients. After successful
      recanalization, left ventriculography was repeated in eight of the ten patients
      with mitral incompetence, and the mitral regurgitation had disappeared in seven.
      Selective intracoronary thrombolysis resulted in improved left ventricular
      function and disappearance of mitral incompetence.

PMID- 4053616
TI  - Comparison of segmental and global ejection fraction in ischaemic heart disease.
AB  - In order to evaluate whether segmental ejection fraction (SEF) is a better index
      of left ventricular (LV) performance than global ejection fraction (EF), 25
      patients with significant coronary stenosis and normal EF were studied. SEF was
      estimated from the LV cineangiogram after dividing the LV into eight segments by
      means of a long axis and three equally spaced chords perpendicular to it. The
      area of a given segment was measured in the end-diastole and the end-systole and
      SEF was calculated by determining the percent decrease in area for each segment.
      12 out of the 25 patients presented hypokinesis, akinesis or dyskinesis of at
      least two segments; the inferior apical and both diaphragmatic segments were the
      regions most frequently affected. In 7 patients, these abnormalities were
      compensated by hyperkinesis of two or three other segments, whereas in the
      remaining 5 patients contraction abnormalities were not accompanied by
      hyperkinesis in spite of a normal EF. It is concluded that SEF is a more
      sensitive index of regional LV function than EF in patients with ischaemic heart
      disease.

PMID- 4053618
TI  - The role of echocardiography in a coronary care unit.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to assess the clinical value of echocardiography in
      a coronary care unit. 133 patients admitted for an acute cardiovascular disorder
      were examined by a mobile echocardiograph. 83 patients had an acute myocardial
      infarction, 8 extracardiac chest pain, 6 unstable angina pectoris, 6 acute
      pulmonary embolism and 16 other acute cardiovascular diseases. 14 patients were
      excluded from the study because of poor image quality. Echocardiography was found
      most advantageous in solving the following clinical problems: 1) early diagnosis
      of acute myocardial infarction (probably the earliest of all available methods);
      2) immediate and precise diagnosis of complications in myocardial infarction; 3)
      differential diagnosis of chest pain; 4) detection of left ventricular thrombi
      (the most useful method for this purpose); 5) differential diagnosis of other
      acute cardiovascular diseases (pulmonary embolism, aortic root dissection etc.).

PMID- 4053617
TI  - Serum lipid and lipoprotein concentration in coronary heart disease.
AB  - The relationship between serum lipid and lipoprotein concentration and the
      severity of coronary artery disease assessed by cineangiography was studied in 38
      male patients, aged 44 +/- 11.5 years. According to luminal diameter narrowing of
      3 major coronary arteries, the patients were divided into 3 groups: group A -- 10
      patients with a normal coronarographic finding; group B -- 8 patients with a 26
      to 50% coronary artery stenosis; group C -- 20 men with coronary stenosis
      exceeding 51%. With the exception of Apo B which in patients of group B was
      slightly elevated (p less than 0.05), there was no difference in serum lipid and
      lipoprotein levels between patients of group A and B. Patients of group C had
      significantly increased Apo B and triglyceride levels and a decreased high
      density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio in comparison with
      the control group. In group C, a linear correlation was found between the number
      of affected major coronary arteries and the serum Apo B level. The results
      suggest that determination of Apo B, triglycerides and the HDL cholesterol/total
      cholesterol ratio contributes to assessing the severity of coronary heart
      disease.

PMID- 4053619
TI  - Clinical and echocardiographic spectrum of pericardial effusions in routine M
      mode echocardiographic examinations of hospitalized patients.
AB  - In 123 (13.2%) out of 926 hospitalized patients pericardial effusions were
      diagnosed during routine M-mode echocardiographic examination. 53 (43.0%)
      presented a small (group 1), 31 (25.3%) a moderate (group 2) and 38 (31.7%) a
      great amount of fluid (group 3). Pericardial effusion could be diagnosed only by
      echocardiographic examination in 18 patients (34.0%) of the first group, in 8
      (26.0%) of the second and in 7 (18.0%) of the third group. Routine M-mode
      echocardiographic examination in hospitalized patients allows the detection of
      small pericardial effusions often missed by conventional methods. This method
      also makes possible rapid diagnosis of pericardial effusion in cardiac patients
      in a critical condition or with haemodynamic disturbances sometimes difficult to
      identify.

PMID- 4053620
TI  - Determination of the preexcitation focus in the W-P-W picture by isopotential
      body-surface mapping.
AB  - Experiences with the determination of the preexcitation focus in 13 patients with
      W-P-W syndrome aged 18-62 years are presented. The data of ECG mapping from the
      chest surface and the abdominal wall were processed by computer. For
      classification of the maps the criteria elaborated by Yamada et al., da Ambroggi
      et al., and Benson et al. were used. It was possible to determine on their basis
      the preexcitation focus in all examined subjects, although a reduced system of
      ECG leads was employed. Surface ECG mapping makes possible a more precise
      location of the preexcitation, which is of great clinical importance for the
      indication of surgical treatment, determination of prognosis and of working
      ability.

PMID- 4053621
TI  - Arteriovenous lipid content difference in patients with atherosclerosis.
AB  - The total fraction of low and very low density lipoproteins (LDL, VLDL), total
      cholesterol (TCS) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (CS HDL) in arterial
      and venous blood was determined in 42 patients with atherosclerosis affecting
      predominantly arteries of the pelvis and the lower extremities. The mean
      concentration of the above-mentioned substances in the in-flowing and outflowing
      blood in the affected vascular region did not practically differ. At normal blood
      lipid level there exists a significant negative correlation between the absolute
      and relative CS HDL content on the one hand and, on the other hand, the
      arteriovenous difference in TCS content (r = -0.414 and -0.531 respectively). At
      hyperlipoproteinaemia, the CS HDL content correlates with the arteriovenous LDL
      and VLDL difference (r = -0.511). The findings attest to the fact that a decrease
      in the CS HDL level is accompanied by increased uptake of atherogenic substances
      in the peripheral vessels.

PMID- 4053622
TI  - Adrenoreactivity of the circulatory system and of some metabolic processes
      induced by narcosis and surgical trauma.
AB  - Adrenal reactivity of the circulation and of several metabolic and regulatory
      systems, which had been induced by narcosis and surgical trauma, was studied on
      50 mongrel dogs. Operative trauma (thoracotomy) done under thiopental sodium
      narcosis was accompanied with the moderately elevated adrenal reactivity of the
      circulation and essentially unchanged metabolic processes. Changes in the cardiac
      contractility and pump function induced by catecholamines are mediated through
      cardiac and vascular beta-adrenergic mechanism. These metabolic changes are
      determined by the state of adrenergic mechanisms. At the same time there is no
      distinct correlation between these changes and beta-adrenoreceptor state.

PMID- 4053623
TI  - Individual use of judgmental dimensions and hemispheric specificity.
AB  - The present study investigated the relationship of hemispheric functional
      specificity to a subject's use of judgmental dimensions when discriminating
      temporal and spatial visual stimuli using a multidimensional scaling (MDS) paired
      comparison paradigm. The major purposes of the study were: To identify the
      judgmental dimensions used in discriminating unidimensional (temporal or spatial)
      and multidimensional (combinations of temporal and spatial parameters) stimuli
      presented to the two visual hemifields; to study the relationship of the use of
      judgmental dimensions to the visual hemifields; to investigate whether the use of
      judgmental dimensions in discriminating unidimensional stimuli can be used to
      predict their use in discriminating multidimensional stimuli. Subjects used two
      dimensions in discriminating the spatial and temporal unidimensional stimuli: A
      dimension whose scaling paralleled the physically interval-scaled stimuli; a
      dimension, in which the extreme values were located on one end of the scale,
      while the mid-values are located at the other end of the scale. There is
      significantly greater use of the spatial dimension when spatial stimuli are
      presented to the left visual field (LVF) then when presented to the right visual
      field (RVF). Conversely, there is significantly greater use of the temporal
      dimension when temporal stimuli are presented to the RVF then when they are
      presented to the LVF. Three perceptual dimensions were used to judge
      multidimensional stimuli: Spatial-to-temporal; stimulus quality; apparent
      movement. Two groups of subjects were identified who differed in their relative
      use of the temporally and spatially scaled unidimensional stimuli presented to
      the RVF. These two groups differed with respect to their relative use of a
      spatial-to-temporal dimension when multidimensional stimuli were presented to the
      RVF.

PMID- 4053624
TI  - Visual half-field presentations of incongruent color-words reveal mirror-reversal
      of language lateralization in dextral and sinistral subjects.
AB  - Two experiments are reported concerning identification of left and right
      hemisphere dominance for language in dextral and sinistral subjects. A visual
      half-field (VHF) incongruent color-words paradigm was used. Color-words written
      in incongruent colors were presented either to the right or left half-field.
      Subjects were instructed to report the color, ignoring the color-word. Vocal
      reaction time (VRT) and frequency of errors were measured. Twenty dextral adult
      males were tested in Experiment 1. Results showed significantly more errors and a
      trend towards longer VRT:s when the words were presented in the right half-field,
      i.e. initially to the left hemisphere. No differences between half-fields were
      observed to color-stripes serving as control-stimuli. The results were followed
      up in Experiment 2 with a preselected sinistral group. All subjects in the
      sinistral group had revealed a left-ear-advantage (LEA) in a previous dichotic
      listening test, i.e. right hemisphere language dominance. The results from the
      VHF inconguent color-words test showed a reverse pattern of responding compared
      to the dextral group, i.e. more errors and longer VRTs when the color-words were
      initially presented to the right hemisphere.

PMID- 4053625
TI  - Defective revisualization: dissociation between cognitive and imagistic thought
      case report and short review of the literature.
AB  - A 38-year-old shifted-sinistral patient displayed a definite deficit in visual
      imagery accompanied by defective dreaming capacity, loss of hypnagogic imagery,
      some defects in topographical memory, a mild unilateral right spatial neglect and
      mild difficulties in right-left orientation on the examiner's body. CT-scan and
      NMR studies showed evidence of an inborn hypoplasia of the right hemisphere and a
      stretched corpus callosum in its posterior and superior part. The vicarious
      compensatory action of the cognitive-verbal function of the defect of visual
      imagery was obvious. It is concluded that: there are various forms of visual
      imagery deficits: some are "pure" whereas in the great majority of reported cases
      the loss of visual imagery is associated to different forms of visual agnosia;
      the brain mechanisms underlying cognitive thought and imagistic thought could be
      obviously dissociated.

PMID- 4053626
TI  - The neuropsychological phenotype in Turner syndrome.
AB  - Numerous studies have demonstrated a significant depression in performance IQ
      (PIQ) in Turner Syndrome (TS) females, but the neuropsychological interpretation
      of this finding remains unclear. The present study addressed the following
      questions regarding the neuropsychological phenotype in TS: Are TS women
      neuropsychologically impaired? Is the impairment lateralized and How consistent
      is the neuropsychological phenotype across TS individuals? Unlike previous
      studies, the present study utilized both normal and brain damaged female
      controls. All subjects were given an extended Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological
      battery. The TS females were significantly worse than normals but not
      significantly different from brain damaged females in their overall level of
      neuropsychological functioning. However, their impairment was not lateralized.
      Their pattern of lateralizing findings was similar to that found in the Diffuse
      and Normal groups, but significantly different from either the right or left
      unilateral lesion groups. Fairly consistent deficits were found on tests of
      visuospatial skills and long term memory, but there was considerable variability
      in all the other test findings among TS individuals. The results are discussed in
      relation to the recent findings (Inglis and Lawson, 1981) that verbal-performance
      IQ discrepancies may be unreliable indicators of lateralized cerebral dysfunction
      in females. Hence the depressed PIQ in TS appears not to indicate predominantly
      right hemisphere dysfunction and may not even indicate a consistent underlying
      neuropsychological phenotype.

PMID- 4053627
TI  - Anatomical and behavioral study of a case of asymptomatic callosal agenesis.
AB  - This paper presents radiological and behavioral observations of a case of
      asymptomatic congenital agenesis of the corpus callosum. CT scan data indicated
      that a small portion of the corpus callosum might have been preserved, although
      this is difficult to demonstrate with the usual criteria. Nuclear magnetic
      resonance showed the small preserved portion on the sagittal plane. The results
      of the behavioral studies agree well with already published data: the agenesis of
      the callosum does not induce a split-brain syndrome but does cause slight motor
      disturbances, an improvement of the ipsilateral paths of control, and the
      development of extra-callosal interhemispheric pathways.

PMID- 4053629
TI  - Reaction times of four year old children to monaurally presented verbal stimuli:
      some evidence for right-hemisphere linguistic function.
AB  - Previous studies of cerebral dominance in children have provided information
      about the relative superiority of the left hemisphere over the right for language
      processing. The present study, however, assessed the absolute capacity of each
      hemisphere's ability for analyzing auditory-verbal stimuli in a group of young
      children (mean age = 4.0). Twenty-four normally developing children (12 males and
      12 females) responded to monaurally presented verbal stimuli with their right and
      left hands at separate times. The results were consistent with an efficiency
      model of neurolinguistic organization, suggesting that the childrens' minor
      hemisphere was actively processing verbal information in the presence of a
      dominant left hemisphere.

PMID- 4053628
TI  - Amnesic syndromes after surgery of anterior communicating artery aneurysms.
AB  - Five patients had severe generalized disorder of memory, which lasted for several
      months after anterior communicating artery aneurysm surgery. Two of them had no
      signs of frontal lobe lesions. They were confused for not more than four days
      after surgery. One of them performed normally on the non-memory tests and short
      term memory tests. Cues did not substantially improve his poor memory
      performance. The other patient had similar test results, but he had poor
      imagination in an inkblot perception test. Three patients had frontal lobe
      lesions. Two of them were restless, confused and confabulating, with one showing
      apathetic and stereotyped behaviour for more than a month after surgery. On the
      memory tests they showed disinhibition of irrelevant associations or deficient
      initiative. Cueing markedly improved their poor retrieval. These defects seem to
      be associated with frontal lobe lesions and can affect memory but are not
      obligatory features of amnesia.

PMID- 4053630
TI  - On the nature of the left visual field advantage for faces.
AB  - An experiment is reported in which subjects were required to make a same
      different judgment about two sequentially presented stimuli, the first of which
      was centrally presented and the second displaced either to the left or right of
      fixation. Three categories of stimuli were used; photographs of hands, faces, and
      silhouettes of unfamiliar aeroplanes. The results showed a left visual field
      advantage for both hands and faces but no hemifield effect for aeroplane
      silhouettes. Implications of these data for future research are briefly
      considered.

PMID- 4053631
TI  - Wolf Creek III Conference on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Lake Geneva,
      Wisconsin, May 18-20, 1985.

PMID- 4053632
TI  - Recommendations for ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: time for
      change?

PMID- 4053633
TI  - Arterial blood gases fail to reflect acid-base status during cardiopulmonary
      resuscitation: a preliminary report.
AB  - The American Heart Association's current standards for CPR indicate that acid
      base therapy should be guided by measurements of arterial blood gases. However,
      we have discovered a striking discrepancy between arterial and venous blood gases
      during CPR: severe venous hypercarbia and acidosis may coexist with simultaneous
      arterial alkalosis. Arterial blood gases during CPR, therefore, may not
      accurately reflect the acid-base status of mixed venous blood and thus may fail
      to indicate systemic acid-base status.

PMID- 4053634
TI  - Circulatory arrest pressure as a prognostic indicator of cardiopulmonary
      resuscitation.
AB  - In a porcine model of cardiac arrest, the intravascular pressure measured during
      circulatory standstill was positively correlated with the success of
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation. When volume was expanded before cardiac arrest,
      circulatory arrest pressure increased and the success of resuscitation increased.
      After volume expansion, the hematocrit was reduced and colloid osmotic pressure
      was decreased. However, neither hematocrit nor colloid osmotic pressure changes
      were directly related to survival.

PMID- 4053635
TI  - Time limitations for open-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation from cardiac
      arrest.

PMID- 4053636
TI  - Manual versus mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation in an experimental canine
      model.
AB  - Manual and mechanical chest compressions during CPR were compared in the canine
      model. Endpoints were hemodynamics produced during CPR, resuscitation success at
      30 min, 24-h survival, neurologic function of survivors, and CPR-produced trauma.
      Ten animals in each group underwent 20 min of ventricular fibrillation, during
      which CPR was performed for 17 min. Hemodynamics produced with manual and
      mechanical chest compressions were similar. Seven of ten animals in each group
      were resuscitated. Five animals from the manual group and four animals from the
      mechanical group survived for 24 h. Neurologic function of survivors was
      excellent and similar in each group. There was no significant difference in
      trauma between the two types of chest compression. The similar results for manual
      and mechanical chest compression in this canine model suggest that different
      experimental CPR studies can be compared regardless or whether manual or
      mechanical chest compressions were performed.

PMID- 4053637
TI  - Echocardiographic observations during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a
      preliminary report.
AB  - Echocardiographic studies were conducted during CPR to establish whether blood
      flow through the heart was passive or whether cardiac compression accounted for
      forward blood flow. M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic studies were
      performed on anesthetized minipigs during external CPR and open-chest cardiac
      massage. With external compression, mitral valve closure was observed during
      compression systole and valve opening during compression diastole. The aortic
      valve opened during compression systole and closed during compression diastole.
      Identical observations were made during open-chest cardiac compression. Left
      ventricular area was computed during compression systole. A 24% reduction in the
      area of the left ventricle during precordial compression confirmed left
      ventricular ejection of blood. Saline tracer was injected into the right and left
      ventricles. Echocardiographic observation of the tracer demonstrated forward
      blood flow across the pulmonic and aortic outflow tracts during compression.
      There was minimal valvular regurgitation. These findings support the concept of
      cardiac compression as a mechanism for forward blood flow during open- and closed
      chest CPR.

PMID- 4053638
TI  - Serum lidocaine levels during cardiopulmonary resuscitation after intravenous and
      endotracheal administration.

PMID- 4053639
TI  - Can better basic and advanced cardiac life support improve outcome from cardiac
      arrest?
AB  - The effect of basic and advanced cardiac life support (BLS and ACLS) on long-term
      survival is dependent upon both the response time and the quality of
      intervention. Retention research using the results of classroom testing as
      indirect indicators has shown that performance of BLS and ACLS skills is poor.
      This suggests that BLS and ACLS courses do not teach the knowledge and skills
      well, the information is too difficult to retain, testing procedures are faulty,
      and/or the performance standards are unrealistic. To maximize the likelihood of
      successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest, we propose the following: (a)
      simplify the BLS procedures; (b) simplify the BLS and ACLS curricula; (c)
      simplify teaching strategies; (d) simplify testing based on what steps are
      required to sustain life; (e) define objective criteria for knowledge acquisition
      and skill performance; (f) base refresher training on diagnosed deficiencies and
      evaluate innovative ways to improve retention; (g) develop a resuscitation record
      to provide accurate documentation of patient status, dysrhythmias, therapy, and
      responses to therapy; (h) develop a process evaluation tool to evaluate
      individual and group performances during actual resuscitation; and (i) form an
      international consortium of BLS and ACLS investigators.

PMID- 4053641
TI  - Noninvasive temporary cardiac stimulation.
AB  - A new noninvasive temporary cardiac pacemaker-monitor has been developed to
      stimulate effective ventricular contraction in ventricular asystole or
      symptomatic bradycardia. It is quickly and easily applied, safe, and well
      tolerated even in conscious patients. It produced electrical cardiac responses in
      105 of 134 patients; almost all of the remaining 29 patients were severely
      hypoxic. Stimulation was clinically useful in 82 patients: 20 of 43 were
      resuscitated from emergency arrest and 23 of 26 from expected arrest; 38 of 40
      were successfully treated in readiness for an expected arrest that did not
      materialize; and one of nine patients with tachycardia was tested noninvasively
      for likelihood of recurrent ventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 4053640
TI  - Dispatcher cardiopulmonary resuscitation instruction via telephone.

PMID- 4053642
TI  - Predictors of hospital mortality after out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary
      resuscitation.
AB  - Hospital mortality was examined in all patients successfully resuscitated from a
      witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation over a 1
      yr period. Variables independently predictive of hospital mortality were a
      history of congestive heart failure before cardiac arrest, the time between
      collapse and initiation of CPR, and the time between collapse and restoration of
      circulation. The latter time was not related to either patient age or clinical
      history. Thus, hospital mortality was predetermined by prehospital factors, some
      of which can be changed.

PMID- 4053643
TI  - Neurologic recovery after cardiac arrest: effect of duration of ischemia. Brain
      Resuscitation Clinical Trial I Study Group.

PMID- 4053644
TI  - Effects of the postresuscitation syndrome on cerebral recovery from cardiac
      arrest.

PMID- 4053645
TI  - Readmission of patients to the surgical intensive care unit: patient profiles and
      possibilities for prevention.
AB  - Because experience is lacking regarding the profile of patients readmitted to a
      surgical ICU (SICU), we retrospectively reviewed total admissions, readmissions,
      patient profiles, and characteristics of illness requiring readmission to a
      multidisciplinary SICU. During a 1-yr period, the 721 recorded admissions
      included 68 readmissions for 57 patients (9.4% of the total). Eight patients had
      multiple readmissions. Seventy-five percent of the original admissions in these
      57 patients occurred postoperatively, 9% were due to trauma, and 16% were caused
      by nonsurgical illness. Mortality for readmitted patients was 26%. Although 53
      (78%) discharges were deemed appropriate, 62% of the patients manifested one or
      more of a retrospectively selected group of warning signs which might have
      alerted the responsible physician to alter the treatment plan. In half of these
      patients the reason for readmission was related to the warning sign. Readmission
      was related to the original disease in 65% of the incidents, while a new patient
      problem initiated readmission in 38%. The most common new problems were
      cardiopulmonary insufficiency and infection. All but one patient readmitted with
      pulmonary problems displayed retrospective evidence of clear warning signs before
      the original discharge. Recognition of SICU readmission patterns will allow more
      precise discharge planning: to delay discharge, to effect a lateral transfer, or
      to initiate a stepdown unit which may be able to help prevent costly and
      potentially lethal patient outcomes.

PMID- 4053646
TI  - A noninvasive constant-flow method for measuring respiratory compliance in
      newborn infants.
AB  - The constant-flow properties of time-cycled ventilators can be used to measure
      infant respiratory mechanics. We used a pulse method that does not interrupt
      inflationary flow to measure lung compliance (Cl) and respiratory system
      compliance (Crs) of 16 infants who required assisted ventilation. When the
      infants were relaxed, constant-flow inflation produced transrespiratory pressure
      tracings with constant slope segments. We calculated pulse Crs from inflationary
      flow divided by the slope of the pressure tracing, and compared the results to
      static and dynamic Crs values determined by standard methods. The pulse method
      accurately measured static Crs (r = .93) with a low intrasubject coefficient of
      variation (3.4%). Pulse and static Crs values consistently exceeded dynamic Crs
      (p less than .005). Cl measured with each method exceeded Crs (p less than .05),
      but the magnitude was clinically unimportant. Pulse Crs is a noninvasive
      measurement of static respiratory system recoil which proved to be sensitive to
      changes in respiratory muscle tone.

PMID- 4053647
TI  - Cimetidine inhibits the hypoxia-induced increase in cerebral blood flow in dogs.
AB  - Cimetidine is an H2 receptor-blocking drug frequently given to ICU patients for
      the prevention of stress ulcers. However, histamine causes potent cerebral
      vasodilation through the H2 receptors. This study tested the hypothesis that
      cimetidine, by blocking the H2 receptors, could blunt the increase of cerebral
      blood flow induced by hypoxia. We induced isocapnic hypoxia in 12 conscious dogs
      that were randomly divided into two groups. Six dogs received no treatment
      (control group), and the other six received iv cimetidine (4 mg/kg) to block the
      H2 receptors. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured with the radioactive
      microsphere technique before, and 2 and 4 h after hypoxia was induced. In the
      control group, CBF significantly increased with hypoxia in all the regions of the
      brain. Cimetidine blunted this increase in all the regions of the brain except
      the pons and bulb. As a result of the reduced flow, cimetidine significantly
      decreased the oxygen supply to the brain compared to the control group. We
      conclude that cimetidine blunts the increase in CBF during hypoxia and might
      reduce oxygen supply to the brain in hypoxic patients.

PMID- 4053648
TI  - Recording the right atrial electrogram through the fluid column of a pulmonary
      artery catheter.
AB  - Analysis of the cardiac rhythm in patients with ventricular and supraventricular
      tachycardia can be difficult because P-waves tend to be obscured by other
      components of the ECG. Recording of the intracavitary electrogram by means of
      pacing wires and the use of esophageal leads can be very helpful under these
      circumstances. Because a number of these patients are monitored with pulmonary
      artery catheters, we developed a method to obtain the atrial electrogram using
      the fluid column of the pulmonary artery catheter as an electrical conductor.
      Only slight modifications of the ECG equipment were necessary.

PMID- 4053649
TI  - Depression in the intensive care unit.

PMID- 4053650
TI  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome: successful support with continuous negative
      extrathoracic pressure.
AB  - We describe the use of continuous negative extrathoracic pressure to treat
      successfully the adult respiratory distress syndrome in a 19-yr-old woman who
      resisted the application of positive airway pressure. Arterial hypoxemia was
      reversed with -26 cm H2O of extrathoracic pressure, produced by a modified
      Emerson iron lung. Cerebral and renal functions were maintained, and barotrauma
      did not occur. The patient required continuous negative extrathoracic pressure
      for 9 days; 12 days after admission, she was discharged. This case indicates that
      negative extrathoracic pressure therapy can be an effective and safe alternative
      to positive airway pressure for the management of selected patients with adult
      respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 4053651
TI  - Treatment of hypophosphatemia.

PMID- 4053652
TI  - Serum aminoglycoside levels.

PMID- 4053653
TI  - Spontaneous withdrawal of an implantable venous catheter.

PMID- 4053654
TI  - Artifacts and pitfalls of high-resolution CT scans.
AB  - Artifacts on CT images have been observed since the introduction of CT scanners.
      Some artifacts have been corrected with the improvement of technology and better
      understanding of the image formation and reconstruction algorithms. Some
      artifacts, however, are still observable in state-of-the-art high-resolution
      scans. Many investigations on CT artifacts have been reported. Some artifacts are
      obvious and some are similar to patterns commonly associated with pathological
      conditions. The present report summarizes some of the causes of artifacts and
      presents some artifacts that mimic pathology on clinical scans of the head and
      spine. It is the intention of this report to bring these artifacts and potential
      pitfalls to the attention of the radiologists so that misinterpretation can be
      avoided.

PMID- 4053655
TI  - Pseudoaneurysm of abdominal aorta: a complication of intrahepatic arterial
      infusion therapy.
AB  - Arterial perforation by an indwelling intrahepatic catheter for infusion
      chemotherapy occurred in a 69-year-old man with liver metastases from rectal
      cancer. Computed tomography demonstrated a pseudoaneurysm formation and was
      diagnostic of the complication.

PMID- 4053656
TI  - Computed tomography appearance of melanoma of nasal cavity.
AB  - Melanoma of the nasal cavity is a mucosal lesion that is quite rare. It comprises
      less than 1% of all melanomas and constitutes 4% of primary malignant tumors of
      the nasal cavity. The computed tomography appearance of this entity is discussed
      and found to be nonspecific.

PMID- 4053657
TI  - Retinal angiomatosis and pancreatic cysts in von Hippel-Lindau disease: use of
      computed tomography scanning for diagnosis and surveillance.
AB  - Reports of the retinal and pancreatic manifestations of von Hippel-Lindau disease
      have been previously published. We present a case of von Hippel-Lindau disease in
      which computed tomography scanning was used in a new manner for diagnosis of
      retinal disease and for diagnosis and surveillance of pancreatic disease. We
      emphasize the importance of these new findings and recommend the use of yearly CT
      scanning of the abdomen. This replaces the previous recommendation of exploratory
      laparotomy in patients with pancreatic lesions. We further advocate that CT
      surveillance of the offspring of von Hippel-Lindau disease patients begin in the
      second decade, with the anticipation of curing potentially serious, blinding, or
      life-threatening lesions.

PMID- 4053658
TI  - Diagnosis of craniocervical dermoid by computed tomography and magnetic resonance
      imaging: a case report.
AB  - Computed tomography findings of cranial dermoids have been described previously
      in the literature. The case report presents the findings of a hyperdense dermoid
      at the craniocervical junction as seen on computed tomography and magnetic
      resonance imaging.

PMID- 4053659
TI  - Differential diagnosis of low-attenuation splenic lesions on computed tomography.
AB  - A retrospective computed tomography evaluation of proved low-attenuation splenic
      lesions in nontraumatic cases was done. Computed tomography was able to
      distinguish cystic from solid lesions. Although computed tomography examination
      is sensitive in the detection of low-attenuation lesions, the computed tomography
      findings alone are not helpful in differentiation of different low-attenuation
      lesions. Associated computed tomography findings in other organs and clinical
      findings are more helpful than the size, shape, and computed tomography
      attenuation of the lesions. Splenic lesions may be the only metastatic
      manifestation in some cancer patients. A thin needle aspiration may be done to
      document the nature of the pathologic lesion in problematic cases.

PMID- 4053660
TI  - Massive mediastinal Hodgkin's disease with calcification masquerading
      teratocarcinoma: differentiation by computed tomography.
AB  - Two young patients with similar radiographic manifestations of massive
      opacification of left hemithorax with scattered calcification highly suggestive
      of mediastinal teratocarcinoma are reported. By biopsy, one patient was proved to
      have teratocarcinoma and the other patient was proved to have Hodgkin's disease.
      Retrospective review indicates that spontaneous neoplastic calcification in
      Hodgkin's disease, though rare, can occur prior to therapy. Computed tomography
      is useful in distinguishing such cases of Hodgkin's disease from teratocarcinoma
      by demonstrating the involvement of the posterior mediastinum and homogeneous
      density.

PMID- 4053661
TI  - Computed tomography of primary melanoma of the leptomeninges: case reports.
AB  - Primary malignant melanoma arising from the leptomeninges is a rare entity. We
      describe the computed tomography findings and clinical course in two cases. The
      literature on this subject is briefly reviewed. An expanded differential
      diagnosis is presented for dural convexity tumors simulating the computed
      tomography appearance of meningiomas.

PMID- 4053662
TI  - Computed tomography of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis presenting as a flank
      mass.
AB  - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis should be part of the differential diagnosis
      when extensive soft tissue involvement is associated with renal disease. As a
      diagnosis of neoplasm may be rendered even on microscopy, it is particularly
      important that this entity be considered.

PMID- 4053663
TI  - Concurrent osteoblastoma and aneurysmal bone cyst of the ethmoid sinus: case
      report.
AB  - A unique case of osteoblastoma and aneurysmal bone cyst of the ethmoid sinus is
      reported. A causal relationship may exist between the two entities. The computed
      tomography appearance consisted of a dense lesion with a thin sclerotic rim
      containing a low-attenuation center, causing ethmoid sinus enlargement. Similar
      radiologic appearances are seen with other less rare pathologies.

PMID- 4053665
TI  - Computed tomography in the pretreatment assessment of carcinoma of the cervix.
AB  - Fifty-nine patients with primary or recurrent carcinoma of the cervix were
      evaluated by computed tomography as part of their presurgical evaluation. The
      computed tomography staging results were compared with the surgical staging.
      Computed tomography staging was accurate in 71% (42 of 59), whereas clinical
      staging was accurate in 66% (39 of 59). In assessing paraaortic nodes by CT,
      there were 10 true-positive, 20 true-negative, 1 false-positive, and 2 false
      negative results (sensitivity, 83%; specificity, 95%), for an overall accuracy of
      91%. For pelvic nodes, there were 10 true-positive, 11 true-negative, 3 false
      positive, and 6 false-negative results (sensitivity, 62.5% specificity, 78%), for
      an overall accuracy of 70%. Excretory urograms and barium enemas provided no
      information not obtained by computed tomography and are probably unnecessary if
      computed tomography is used as a routine staging examination. At present,
      computed tomography should not replace clinical assessment of extent of the
      disease. Its chief advantage over clinical staging is its ability to detect
      metastases beyond the true pelvis.

PMID- 4053664
TI  - Overview of computed tomography of the temporomandibular joint.
AB  - Computed tomography of the temporomandibular joint has been shown to be an
      accurate method of assessing the position of the disk. To date, we have examined
      over 500 patients with this modality and have found it also to be effective in
      the evaluation of other osseous and soft tissue abnormalities. An overview of
      temporomandibular joint pathology is presented, including the range of
      osteoarthritic changes from spur formation to complete fusion. Anterior
      dislocation, with and without reduction, and closed lock are demonstrated. A
      heretofore unreported phenomenon--posterior dislocation of the meniscus with open
      lock--is presented. Also shown is the computed tomography evaluation of splint
      therapy, which has not been dealt with in other publications.

PMID- 4053666
TI  - Computed tomography evaluation of pheochromocytoma in pregnancy.
AB  - Two cases representative of the spectrum of the problem of pheochromocytoma in
      pregnancy are presented. One patient was typical of many cases of
      pheochromocytoma not diagnosed until delivery, with resultant maternal and fetal
      death. Computed tomography accurately preoperatively localized a pheochromocytoma
      involving the organ of Zuckerkandl in the second patient, with subsequent
      uncomplicated removal of the tumor during a cesarean delivery. A discussion of
      pheochromocytomas in pregnancy and the relative risk and benefits of preoperative
      localization with computed tomography are presented.

PMID- 4053667
TI  - An assessment of tumor cell viability after in vitro freezing.
AB  - The identification of the minimum lethal temperature for tumor cells in vivo is
      difficult because of the secondary factors that are associated with the
      cryoinjury. This study attempts to identify this temperature by a combination of
      in vitro and in vivo techniques. Suspensions of Walker carcinoma cells were
      frozen at a rate of 1 degree C/min without cryoprotection, to either -10, -15, 
      20, -25, -30, -35 or -40 degrees C and held at that temperature for either 0, 10,
      20, or 30 min. After spontaneous rewarming viability was assessed by a
      combination of vital dye studies and the growth of tumor cells inoculated into
      the liver and subcutaneous tissue of male, Sprague-Dawley rats. Trypan blue
      studies indicated that less than 1% of the cells frozen to -35 degrees C were
      considered viable, yet significant tumor take rates were noted, suggesting that
      for some cells the cryoinjury is reversible. As expected tumor take rates were
      reduced by lowering the temperature but were independent of the holding time. The
      volume doubling time and final tumor volume of the subcutaneous tumors was
      similar to that of controls, indicating that the growth potential of the cells
      which survive freezing is normal. The minimum lethal temperature was dependent
      upon the site of inoculation, subcutaneous tumors developing from cells frozen to
      -35 degrees C, whereas liver tumors did not develop from cells frozen beyond -25
      degrees C, this may have important clinical implications.

PMID- 4053668
TI  - Nonbeneficial effects of glycerol on the oocyte penetrating capacity of
      cryopreserved and incubated human spermatozoa.
AB  - The effect of cryopreservation on human spermatozoa in the presence or absence of
      glycerol was assessed by using sperm motility, functional integrity of sperm
      membrane, and denuded hamster oocyte penetration tests. Glycerol treated
      cryopreserved spermatozoa yielded a significantly higher (P less than 0.01)
      percentage of motile sperm and percentage of sperm with functionally intact
      membrane immediately after thawing than the spermatozoa not treated with glycerol
      but cryopreserved. However, no significant difference was observed between these
      cryopreserved spermatozoa (either treated or untreated with glycerol) on the
      percentage of motile sperm and the rate of oocyte penetration when the sperm were
      washed and incubated for 2 hr in a medium containing no glycerol. Thus, it
      appears glycerol may not be beneficial, since cryopreservation of spermatozoa
      either treated or untreated with glycerol essentially yields similar oocyte
      penetrating capacity of sperm.

PMID- 4053669
TI  - Regeneration of muscle following cryosurgery of the tongue.
AB  - Regeneration of muscle following low-temperature destruction of tissue has not
      been extensively studied. Using light and transmission electron microscopy an
      investigation of this phenomenon was made in hamster tongue. Healing commenced 1
      week after the operation and was of the continuous regeneration type in the least
      damaged muscle fibers. Healing was of the discontinuous or embryonic type in
      severely damaged muscle and myoblasts formed either within old intact endomysial
      tubes or separate from them. Healing with minimal scarring was well advanced 6
      weeks after the operation.

PMID- 4053670
TI  - An investigation on the use of cryosurgery for treatment of bone spavin, splint,
      and fractured splint bone injuries in standardbred horses.
AB  - Bone spavin, splint, and fractured splint bone injuries have been treated with
      varying methodologies at Wheatley Hall Farm Equine Clinic. Cryosurgery is the
      most successful. With cryosurgery the small, pain-producing afferent C fibers are
      destroyed, and painful neuromas do not return. Injured sites were cryosurgically
      treated with liquid nitrogen for a double freeze-thaw period of 45 sec. 5 sec, 45
      sec. Before and after treatment comparisons were conducted on study
      standardbreds. In all three injury groups, results showed that the standardbreds
      tended to race as well or with improved times and classes after treatment. With
      cryosurgery, the horse undergoes a relatively short layoff period and does not
      experience any of the problems associated with other surgical procedures. Unlike
      denerving, a horse is still aware of outside stimulus to the treated area. Based
      upon personal observation and this preliminary investigation, cryosurgery
      provides a successful treatment alternative which is safe and humane to the
      horse, requiring a very short layoff or recovery time.

PMID- 4053671
TI  - Induced rewarming by central stimulation in hypothermic hamsters.
AB  - Helium-cold hypothermic hamsters, colonic temperature (Tc) 7 to 11 degrees C,
      injected with acetylcholine (ACH) at a preoptic-anterior hypothalamic (AHPOA)
      site responded with a rise in colonic temperature while remaining in a cold
      environmental chamber. The He-Cold hamster does not thermoregulate at these body
      temperatures. In contrast to central ACH-elicited responses, the injection of
      alpha and beta adrenergic drugs into the systemic circulation of the He-Cold
      hamster did not elicit a rise in colonic temperature. The data describe a
      different animal model of rewarming than has previously been described that is
      under pharmacologic control by the experimenter. The use of exogenous
      neurotransmitter provides the potential to understand the mechanisms of
      thermoregulation in deep experimental hypothermia.

PMID- 4053672
TI  - An improved preservation technique for cells of hemopoietic origin.
AB  - A new technique for the cryopreservation of cell lines of hemopoietic origin is
      described. It uses a combination of 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone or
      hydroxyethylstarch with 15% glycerol, a slow stepwise addition of the
      cryoprotectants before freezing, cooling at 4 degrees C/min, rapid rewarming, and
      a slow step-wise dilution after thawing. This technique has given improved
      recovery rates with a number of basophil/mast cell lines, as well as a wide range
      of hemopoietic cells including hybridomas.

PMID- 4053673
TI  - Temperature over tumors in hairless mice.
AB  - The question of whether tumors are warmer or colder than surrounding tissue is
      considered in these experiments which use a highly suitable animal model, the
      hairless mouse. Temperatures of skin over induced growing subdermal tumors in
      these mice were monitored by AGA 680 Color Thermovision. The skin over the tumors
      does not cool over time but on the contrary becomes warmer. This is probably due
      to an increase in vascularization rather than increased metabolic rate.

PMID- 4053674
TI  - Clinical investigation of the effects of pentoxifylline in patients with severe
      peripheral occlusive vascular disease.
AB  - Pentoxifylline was used in the treatment of 90 patients with atherosclerosis
      induced chronic peripheral arterial occlusive disease and diabetic vascular
      disorders in the lower extremities (clinical Fontaine Stages III and IV) for whom
      surgical reconstructive treatment was not indicated and who had shown inadequate
      response to previous therapy. In 20 initially hospitalized patients, treatment
      was started with pentoxifylline intravenous infusions for 1 week (increased
      gradually from 500 mg to 1000 mg per day) and afterwards continued for a further
      8 weeks by oral administration of the drug (400 mg 3-times daily). In 70
      patients, oral treatment (400 mg 2 to 3-times daily) was carried out from the
      beginning for 3 to 6 months or longer. The majority (74%) of the patients showed
      good or very good results in respect of the clinical parameters. Pentoxifylline
      abolished or decreased rest pain and consumption of analgesic drugs, accelerated
      healing of leg ulcers, produced a statistically significant increase in mean pain
      free walking distance (approximately 500%) and reduced concomitant symptoms.
      Definite improvement was achieved in 16 patients with initial intravenous
      treatment and in 62 patients on oral therapy alone. Haemodynamic measurements, as
      well as whole blood viscosity assessment using a middle and high shear rate
      viscosimeter, revealed only small and insignificant improvements. No essential
      changes could be found in the chemical blood parameters studied.

PMID- 4053675
TI  - Penetration of erythromycin into tonsillar tissue.
AB  - A study was carried out to investigate serum levels and tonsillar tissue
      penetration of erythromycin in 80 children suffering from chronic tonsillitis who
      had to undergo tonsillectomy. Oral erythromycin ethyl succinate (1 g twice daily)
      was given for the 2 days preceding surgery, the last dose scheduled for 2, 3, 4
      or 6 hours before the start of the operation and the withdrawal of blood and
      tissue samples. The results showed that erythromycin penetrated quickly into
      tonsillar tissue and the levels were higher in tissue than in serum at all time
      points. Mean levels of erythromycin were consistently greater than the minimum
      inhibitory concentrations for most common Gram-positive oro-pharyngeal pathogens
      and H. influenzae.

PMID- 4053676
TI  - Indications for thoracotomy in thoracic trauma.

PMID- 4053677
TI  - Synergistic necrotizing fasciitis: a case of polymicrobic infection with
      Acinetobacter calcoaceticus.

PMID- 4053678
TI  - Fibronectin depletion and microaggregate clearance following trauma.

PMID- 4053679
TI  - Gastric mucosal protection during confinement stress: the role of intragastric
      glucose.

PMID- 4053680
TI  - Potentiation of laser photoradiation therapy by chemotherapy.

PMID- 4053681
TI  - Glucocorticoids regulate intestinal glutamine consumption.

PMID- 4053683
TI  - Genetic approaches to microbial pathogenicity.

PMID- 4053682
TI  - The effects of steroids on splanchnic perfusion in hemorrhagic shock.

PMID- 4053684
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the nail bed treated as chronic paronychia and wart
      for fourteen years.

PMID- 4053685
TI  - Brown recluse spider.

PMID- 4053686
TI  - Research models for psoriasis.

PMID- 4053687
TI  - Current management using 5-fluorouracil: 1985.

PMID- 4053688
TI  - Urticaria in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - One hundred patients with cystic fibrosis were screened for urticaria. The
      prevalence of urticaria in cystic fibrosis was 16 percent. There were eleven
      patients with urticaria associated with atopy and five without atopy. Acute
      urticaria was detected more frequently in the atopic group, and chronic urticaria
      was more common in the nonatopic group. However, there was no statistically
      significant relationship between the two groups of cystic fibrosis patients with
      urticaria.

PMID- 4053689
TI  - Pilar tumor of the nose.
AB  - We report a case of pilar tumor of the nose and review the literature. No such
      tumor in a similar location has been reported previously.

PMID- 4053690
TI  - Bandage-induced nail disorders.
AB  - It can be helpful at times to bandage around fingernails but constant bandaging
      can produce excess maceration. Chronic paronychia can be induced by the excess
      wetness. Other disorders that occur because of maceration are reviewed.

PMID- 4053691
TI  - High-resolution chromosomal localization of the beta-gene of the human beta
      globin gene complex by in situ hybridization.
AB  - A 4.4-kb PstI fragment containing the entire beta-gene of the human beta-globin
      gene cluster plus both 5'- and 3'-flanking sequences was used as a probe to study
      the chromosomal localization of the beta-gene by in situ hybridization. Using
      random oligonucleotides as primers, the beta-gene DNA was 3H-labeled with the
      large fragment of DNA polymerase I (Klenow fragment) to a specific activity of
      1.2 X 10(8) cpm/micrograms. Almost 80% of hybridization grains observed were
      located on the distal short arm of chromosome 11. High-resolution chromosome
      analysis suggests a more precise location of the beta-gene to region 11p15.4---
      p15.5.

PMID- 4053692
TI  - Aging and aneuploidy: evidence for the preferential involvement of the inactive X
      chromosome.
AB  - It has been known for some time that there is an association between
      chronological aging and X-chromosome aneuploidy in peripheral blood lymphocyte
      cultures from females. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of X-chromosome
      aneuploidy in aging females, we used a BrdU late-labeling technique to determine
      the X-inactivation pattern in 45,X and 47,XXX lymphocytes of older women. In 50
      of 58 X-aneuploid cells the inactive X chromosome was missing or extra. This
      implies that either the inactive X has a special propensity for mitotic errors or
      mitotic errors occur at random but subsequent selection is less stringent against
      cells with a missing or additional inactive X chromosome than against aneuploid
      cells involving the active X chromosome. Evidence is presented in favor of the
      former hypothesis.

PMID- 4053693
TI  - Localization of the human salivary protein complex (SPC) to chromosome band
      12p13.2.
AB  - In situ hybridization of a 3H-labeled probe containing a fragment from PRP-1, a
      genomic clone with human salivary proline-rich protein gene sequences, revealed
      significant labeling on the short arm of human chromosome 12 in metaphase
      preparations from two individuals. Fifty-three percent of metaphases exhibited
      labeling on one or both chromosomes 12. Additional cells scored at the 850-1,000
      band level revealed a significant proportion (52% [32/61] grains, p less than
      0.005) of the labeled sites on chromosome 12 to be on band 12p13.2. This probe
      for a human salivary proline-rich protein gene fragment, probably PMS, is from a
      cluster of 13 linked genes designated as the human salivary protein complex
      (SPC). Studies of the DNA of human-mouse somatic-cell hybrids have assigned the
      SPC to chromosome 12, but have not provided a regional localization (Azen et al,
      1985). This paper reports the localization of the SPC to a specific chromosomal
      band, 12p13.2.

PMID- 4053694
TI  - Double synchronization of human lymphocyte cultures: selection for high
      resolution banded metaphases in the first and second division.
AB  - The present report describes a double synchronization technique that selects for
      first- and second-division metaphases in human lymphocyte cultures. The technique
      ensures high mitotic indices without elaborate handling of cultures. Combined
      with appropriate band induction, this technique provides a high yield of uniform
      metaphases with well-defined high-resolution banding.

PMID- 4053695
TI  - Serum antibodies to gliadin and other cereal proteins in patients with coeliac
      disease and dermatitis herpetiformis.

PMID- 4053696
TI  - HLA determinants in idiopathic haemochromatosis.
AB  - HLA-antigens were determined in 21 unrelated patients with idiopathic
      haemochromatosis and in eight siblings and 13 children of the probands. The
      prevalences of HLA-A3, B7, and B14 in patients compared to 1967 healthy control
      subjects were: A3, 76.2% versus 26.9% (p less than 0.0001); B7, 57.1% versus 26.8
      (p less than 0.001); B14, 9.5% versus 4.5% (n.s.); A3 and B7, 42.9% versus 12.2%
      (p less than 0.0001); A3 and B14, 9.5% versus 1.4% (p less than 0.001). Siblings
      (n = 3) that were HLA-identical with the proband were considered to be
      homozygotes for the haemochromatosis allele and presented with preclinical
      haemochromatosis. Siblings and children (n = 17) having only one HLA-haplotype in
      common with the proband were considered to be heterozygotes. Biochemical markers
      for haemochromatosis (transferrin saturation and serum ferritin) were higher in
      homozygous than in heterozygous subjects (p less than 0.0001). The results
      confirm the association between the HLA-A and B loci and the haemochromatosis
      gene. HLA-typing is a valuable tool in the identification of the haemochromatosis
      genotype in a family, and it is an adjunct to the biochemical screening procedure
      in relatives of patients with this iron overload disorder.

PMID- 4053697
TI  - Rubella-antibodies in school children.
AB  - A serological survey was carried out to determine the incidence of rubella
      antibodies in sera from 725 normal Danish school children aged 5-18. The children
      were randomly selected and serve as an urban reference population. Rubella
      antibodies were measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The
      study shows that immunity rose with increasing age of the children to a level of
      85 percent in the age group 16-18 years. There was no significant difference
      between the sexes.

PMID- 4053698
TI  - Erythromycin against Chlamydia trachomatis infections. A double blind study
      comparing 4- and 7-day treatment in men and women.
AB  - In a double-blind controlled study the treatment of erythromycin 500 mg twice
      daily for seven days was compared with erythromycin 500 mg twice daily for four
      days in 73 men and women with uncomplicated genito-urinary chlamydia trachomatis
      infections. At the start of the treatment, 34 of 42 men (81%) and 15 of 31 women
      (48%) had symptoms suggesting the presence of chlamydial infections. There was a
      significantly higher bacteriological cure rate with the seven-days treatment in
      both men and women compared with the four days treatment at the second control
      visit two weeks after the start of the treatment (p less than 0.0005). The
      bacteriological cure rate of the women was higher than that of the men, but the
      results for men and women did not differ significantly. It is concluded that a
      four day treatment with erythromycin 500 mg twice daily can not be recommended,
      whereas 500 mg twice daily for seven days was shown to be effective, especially
      in women.

PMID- 4053699
TI  - Complete heart block in Reiter's syndrome.
AB  - Severe cardiac manifestations are rare complications of Reiter's syndrome. The
      literature describes 11 cases of complete heart block. We report a case of
      complete atrioventricular heart block in a 38-year-old man with HLA-B27 positive
      Reiter's syndrome. Conduction returned to normal after institution of steroid
      treatment.

PMID- 4053700
TI  - Painless myocardial infarction in diabetes mellitus--a myth?
AB  - One hundred and ten consecutive diabetic patients with acute myocardial
      infarction (AMI) were compared to a matched group of non-diabetics with AMI, and
      the pain experienced during the acute episode by each patient was estimated by
      counting the number of morphine injections given. No significant difference was
      found regarding the frequency of painless infarctions, the distribution of
      injections given during the first three days in the coronary unit, or the need
      for injections after that time. We conclude that contrary to the common
      supposition, painless AMI in hospitalised patients is almost as frequent among
      nondiabetics as among diabetics.

PMID- 4053701
TI  - Facilitated blind intubation using a transtracheal guide wire.
AB  - A method of tracheal intubation facilitated by using a transtracheal guide-wire
      is illustrated by three selected case stories. In two cases, the patients were
      blindly intubated and in the third case, with epiglottitis, the aditus layngis
      could be identified only by use of the guidewire. Using a laryngoscope and
      Magill's forceps, intubation was in this case performed without complications. It
      is suggested that the method applied in cases of difficult intubation may reduce
      the rate of acute tracheostomies.

PMID- 4053702
TI  - Cadmium concentrations in blood samples from an East Greenlandic population.
AB  - An analysis for cadmium was made of 101 human blood samples from the district of
      Angmagssalik, East Greenland, and 29 from East Greenlanders living temporarily in
      Copenhagen. No relationship could be found between concentrations of blood
      cadmium and ethnic origin (Eskimos--Danes), sex, age or amount of seal eaten.
      Only smoking habits were reflected, as a median of 2.2 micrograms/l was found in
      smokers and 1.1 in non-smokers. Since analyses of organs from seals have
      suggested that the WHO provisional, tolerable weekly intake is exceeded by a
      factor as high as 10 as a result of seal eating, it is surprising that seal
      eating is without any effect on the blood concentration.

PMID- 4053703
TI  - Evoked potentials in acute transverse myelopathy.
AB  - Evoked potential studies were undertaken in nine patients with acute transverse
      myelopathy three to 25 weeks after onset. The visual evoked potentials (VEP),
      brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) or somato-sensory evoked potentials
      (SEP) after median nerve stimulation were normal in all but one with prolonged
      latency of VEP. The SEP after tibial nerve stimulation was abnormal in six
      patients--in three, there was no cortical potential from either side (total
      conduction block); in two, there was a block on one side and a slightly delayed
      latency on the other; and in one patient there was a slightly prolonged latency
      bilaterally. The degree of abnormality was related to the severity of the
      disease. The recovery was poor in four of five patients with a conduction block
      and good in three of four patients with a normal or slightly delayed SEP after
      tibial nerve stimulation. The findings are attributed to oedema and necrosis in
      the central nervous system, whereas demyelination probably plays a minor role in
      acute transverse myelopathy.

PMID- 4053704
TI  - Partial expiratory flow-volume curve. Clinical workhorse or investigative tool?

PMID- 4053705
TI  - Pathogenic determinants of ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 4053706
TI  - The technique of catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias.

PMID- 4053707
TI  - Oxygen supplemented exercise of ventilatory and nonventilatory muscles in
      pulmonary rehabilitation.
AB  - An outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program was evaluated for evidence of
      patient improvement. All patients exercised on 4 LPM oxygen (O2). Inspiratory
      resistive loading (ventilatory muscle modality) was prescribed to achieve one
      half of the patient's maximal inspiratory force at minute ventilation (VE) not
      greater than one-and-one half times resting VE. Walking (nonventilatory muscle
      exercise) was prescribed at work level requiring VE of 50 percent of maximum
      breathing capacity, if a ventilatory limit to exercise, or a work level set at 60
      percent of VO2 maximum, if no ventilatory limit to exercise. Significant
      improvement was noted after rehabilitation in maximum workload, 12 min walk, and
      endurance both on room air (RA) and O2, as compared to pre-rehabilitation values.
      No improvement was noted in resting pulmonary function, gas exchange, exercise
      induced hypoxemia or VO2 max. O2 increased work performance compared to values in
      the same patients on RA, both before and after rehabilitation, an effect possibly
      mediated by O2-induced reduction in submaximal VE.

PMID- 4053708
TI  - Catheter technique for electrical ablation of the atrioventricular conduction
      system.
AB  - Seven patients with recurrent supraventricular arrhythmias, resistant to
      conventional drug therapy, were treated with electrical ablation of the
      atrioventricular (AV) conduction system. Permanent AV block was produced in five
      patients. Restoration of AV conduction occurred in two patients. The procedure of
      electrical ablation was well tolerated, without complications.

PMID- 4053709
TI  - Etiology and prevention of topical cardiac hypothermia-induced phrenic nerve
      injury and left lower lobe atelectasis during cardiac surgery.
AB  - Left hemidiaphragm elevation is frequently noted following cardiac surgery
      employing topical hypothermia. We speculate that contact of the left phrenic
      nerve with ice causes nerve injury, resulting in left hemidiaphragm paresis or
      paralysis and left lower lobe atelectasis. Left diaphragm elevation was noted on
      postoperative chest x-ray examination of 36 of 60 (60 percent) consecutive
      patients in whom topical cooling of the heart with a cold slush solution was
      administered prior to use of a cardiac insulation pad (CIP, Shiley Laboratories,
      Irvine, California). Following the use of the CIP in a similar group of 60
      consecutive patients, only five (8 percent) showed evidence of diaphragmatic
      elevation. The difference in the incidence of diaphragmatic elevation between
      these two groups is statistically significant (p less than 0.001). A comparison
      of postoperative left lower lobe atelectasis prior to the use of the CIP was also
      statistically significant (p less than 0.001). There was no significant
      difference in the aortic cross-clamp time or the volume of intraaortic
      cardioplegia used in these two groups. The use of topical cardiac hypothermia has
      been shown to protect the myocardium. Phrenic nerve injury secondary to the use
      of ice in this method has been documented. The use of a cold solution without ice
      chips or slush, or the insertion of a CIP prior to the use of topical cardiac
      hypothermia (when ice chips or slush are used) decreases the exposure of the
      phrenic nerve to cold injury and decreases the incidence of paresis of the left
      diaphragm and resultant atelectasis.

PMID- 4053710
TI  - Daily vs alternate day prednisone therapy for stage II sarcoidosis.
AB  - Forty-four patients with newly discovered biopsy-proven pulmonary sarcoidosis in
      roentgenographic stage II (adenopathy and interstitial abnormalities) who also
      had abnormal pulmonary function (TLC and/or DCO less than 80 percent predicted)
      were assigned in alternate sequence to either a daily or alternate day prednisone
      treatment protocol. Both groups showed statistically significant improvement in
      pulmonary function (TLC, FVC, FEV1, DCO) at three or six months, but there were
      no significant differences between the two groups. Radiographic adenopathy and
      interstitial scores (interpreted by blinded readers in random sequence according
      to a quantitative scale) also showed significant improvement in both groups at
      three or six months, and again no significant difference was noted between the
      two groups. Thus, both daily and alternate day prednisone regimens were effective
      therapy for stage II sarcoidosis. Alternate day therapy may be the treatment of
      choice for those patients at high risk for significant adverse steroid effects.

PMID- 4053711
TI  - Efficacy of chest radiography in a respiratory intensive care unit. A prospective
      study.
AB  - A prospective study of chest radiographic examinations in a respiratory intensive
      care unit was conducted to determine the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of
      such examinations. Analysis of data from 1,354 x-ray films from 167 patients
      revealed a 34.5 percent incidence of new (or increased) abnormalities, or tube or
      catheter malposition. Changes in diagnostic approach or therapeutic measures,
      excluding catheter position adjustments, occurred after 28.5 percent of the
      examinations. Radiographic yield was higher when a change in clinical condition
      prompted the radiographic examination than when the examination was a routine
      morning study. Changes in the approach to patient management were also more
      likely (42.7 percent) following examinations that were prompted by a change in a
      patient's clinical status. Less than 6 percent of the radiographic films taken
      post-procedure demonstrated abnormalities potentially related to the procedure.
      We conclude that, in a respiratory intensive care unit: routine morning
      radiographic examination frequently demonstrates unexpected or changing
      abnormalities, many of which prompt changes in diagnosis or management
      radiographic evaluation of a change in a patient's clinical condition has a
      higher yield than routine examinations; and post-procedure radiographic
      examination uncommonly demonstrates complications related to the procedure, but
      frequently demonstrates abnormalities of tube or catheter placement.

PMID- 4053712
TI  - Partial and maximal expiratory flow-volume curves in normal and asthmatic
      subjects before and after inhalation of metaproterenol.
AB  - The effects of deep inspiration upon expiratory flow rates and response to
      inhaled metaproterenol were studied in normal and asthmatic subjects using
      partial (PEFV) and maximal (MEFV) expiratory flow volume curves. Routine
      pulmonary function tests and specific conductance were also measured. Prior to
      administration of metaproterenol, 18 of 24 normal subjects and 11 of 24 asthmatic
      subjects (p 0.05) had higher flow rates on MEFV than on PEFV curves. The 11
      volume history responsive asthmatic subjects showed better lung function and more
      density-dependence of expiratory flow than the other 13 asthmatic subjects;
      furthermore, the effect of lung inflation was significantly larger in the volume
      history responsive asthmatic subjects than in the volume history responsive
      normal subjects. Responses to inhaled metaproterenol were much larger on PEFV
      than MEFV curves; nevertheless, differences between normal and asthmatic subjects
      in metaproterenol responsiveness were less using PEFV curves. Thus, the use of
      PEFV curve measurement did not facilitate the detection of individual asthmatic
      responses to inhaled metaproterenol.

PMID- 4053713
TI  - Spontaneous pneumothorax following thoracic irradiation.
AB  - Spontaneous pneumothorax has only very rarely been reported to occur following
      thoracic irradiation. Four patients who developed this complication following
      radiation therapy are presented and the literature is reviewed. Spontaneous
      pneumothorax following thoracic irradiation tends to be recurrent, occasionally
      bilateral, and in most reported cases, occurs in patients who develop
      roentgenographic evidence of radiation fibrosis after treatment with mantle
      shaped portals for Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Re-expansion often
      occurs without intervention.

PMID- 4053714
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiography using a subcostal approach in patients with
      COPD.
AB  - The aim of this study was to examine whether two-dimensional echocardiography (2
      DE) using a subcostal window can provide reliable parameters for the assessment
      of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) in patients with chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease (COPD). Fifteen patients with steady state COPD (mean age 58.8
      +/- 7.7) and PAH (MPAP 37.2 +/- 15.2 mm Hg) were compared with 15 healthy control
      subjects, (mean age 30.5 +/- 4.6). The 2-DE examination was performed with a
      sectorscanner from the subcostal approach. Measurements were made of the inner
      and maximal end-diastolic dimensions of the tricuspid annulus (TA), the short
      axis of the right ventricle (RV), and the free right ventricular anterior wall
      (AW). The TA X RV + AW/body surface area (mm/m2, 2D-index) was 378.3 +/- 47.6 in
      control subjects vs 871.2 +/- 314.5 in patients provided the closest correlation
      with MPAP (r 0.9055, p less than 0.001). We conclude that these 2-DE parameters
      can quantify the morphologic changes of the right heart in COPD with PAH and are
      useful in the assessment of PAH.

PMID- 4053715
TI  - Tuberculosis. Cause of death in antibiotic era.
AB  - A five-year review (1979 to 1983) of 41 patients with active tuberculosis at the
      time of death was performed to determine the cause of death. Twenty deaths (49
      percent) were directly attributed to tuberculosis. Overwhelming tuberculous
      disease was the cause of death for seven patients, and among them the majority
      had strikingly low serum levels of albumin. Ten patients died of either massive
      hemoptysis or respiratory failure. Only two patients died due to progressive drug
      resistant disease in an area where drug resistance is common. The majority of
      patients (21/41; 51 percent) died of common medical problems unrelated to
      tuberculosis. Eleven patients died from cardiopulmonary disease (five pulmonary
      emboli, one respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, two
      acute myocardial infarctions, and two primary dysrhythmias). Three deaths were
      the result of gastrointestinal bleeding, and three patients died as a result of
      bacterial superinfection. Our data indicate that patients still die of
      tuberculosis in the era of effective antituberculosis therapy. It is imperative
      that clinicians are aware that pulmonary emboli, arteriosclerotic heart disease,
      bacterial superinfection, and gastrointestinal bleeding cause approximately 50
      percent of the deaths among patients who have tuberculosis and that prompt
      recognition and treatment of those diseases might decrease the mortality from
      tuberculosis.

PMID- 4053716
TI  - Unusual cardiac complications of Wegener's granulomatosis.
AB  - Wegener's granulomatosis most commonly involves the sinuses, lungs and kidneys
      with necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis. In 12 percent of a large series of
      patients with Wegener's granulomatosis there was cardiac involvement, largely
      manifested by pericarditis and coronary arteritis. We present three patients with
      this disease who developed unusual cardiac complications. Patient 1 had renal
      failure requiring hemodialysis, pericardial tamponade requiring
      pericardiocentesis, and later developed constrictive pericarditis requiring
      pericardiectomy. Patient 2 developed pericarditis and high grade atrioventricular
      block, and patient 3 developed pericarditis and atrial tachycardia resistant to
      pharmacologic and transesophageal atrial pacing methods. All three patients
      greatly improved with cyclophosphamide therapy. The rhythm disturbances seen in
      patients 2 and 3 were attributed to coronary arteritis. The renal failure in
      patient 1 was due to Wegener's granulomatosis, but whether the constrictive
      pericarditis was due to uremic pericarditis or the pericarditis of Wegener's
      granulomatosis is uncertain. As patients with Wegener's granulomatosis live
      longer with cyclophosphamide therapy and because inpatient arrhythmia monitoring
      and recording has become more widespread, these uncommon manifestations of
      Wegener's granulomatosis may be seen more often.

PMID- 4053717
TI  - Prolonged toxicity following massive ingestion of sustained-release theophylline
      preparation.
AB  - Massive ingestion of sustained-release theophylline preparations in three
      patients was treated with gastric lavage and repeated dosages of orally
      administered activated charcoal. Therapy was initiated promptly; however, two
      patients had their highest theophylline levels documented six to 12 hours after
      ingestion, and theophylline levels on arrival at the hospital were significantly
      lower than the maximal level documented. All three patients had prolonged
      elevations of the level, with markedly delayed half-lives of the drug.
      Overdosages due to sustained release preparations may lead to prolonged toxicity
      and require aggressive and continuous therapy.

PMID- 4053718
TI  - Heparin: applications and future prospects.

PMID- 4053720
TI  - Failure to appreciate implications of effects of cold in exertional angina
      pectoris.

PMID- 4053719
TI  - Evidence for adenosine triphosphate degradation in critically-ill patients.
AB  - Alterations of cellular energy metabolism may provide important markers during
      the clinical course of critically ill patients. To determine whether adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP) degradation occurs in critically ill patients, we measured
      levels of adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine in 18 patients and seven
      control subjects. The mean concentration of hypoxanthine (3.8 microM) in the
      critically ill patients was elevated (p less than 0.01) compared to that of our
      control population (0.1 microM). A subgroup of seven critically ill patients had
      levels of hypoxanthine, xanthine, or inosine higher than those of any member of
      the control group. This subgroup was characterized by a lower systolic blood
      pressure, an increased requirement for vasopressors, and a markedly decreased
      survival rate when compared to the other critically ill patients. Arterial and
      mixed venous blood gas values were not helpful in predicting survival and did not
      correlate with levels of ATP degradation products. In two patients who showed
      subsequent clinical improvement, the initially elevated levels of hypoxanthine
      and xanthine returned to normal. This study indicates that critically ill
      patients have elevated levels of ATP degradation products. These increased levels
      may indicate cellular hypoxia.

PMID- 4053721
TI  - Progressive dyspnea and stridor in an elderly woman.

PMID- 4053722
TI  - Sleep apnea in normal subjects following mandibular osteotomy with retrusion.
AB  - Two women, 43 and 46 years old, weighing respectively 51 kg and 49 kg, underwent
      mandibular osteotomy with retrusion, after which they began to snore heavily at
      night. The initial events were central; obstructive apneic and hypopneic events,
      documented by polysomnography, developed over time. When patient 2 was on her
      back, she frequently had central apneas (identified by esophageal pressure
      monitoring) preceded by increasing swings in pressure, indicative of increased
      airway resistance without oxygen desaturation.

PMID- 4053723
TI  - Postoperative analgesia following thoracotomy. Danger of delayed respiratory
      depression.
AB  - Narcotic anesthesia is commonly used for patients with depressed myocardial
      function. Post-thoracotomy analgesia is increasingly provided by epidural
      narcotic analgesia. Combination of the two techniques may have resulted in
      respiratory depression and death in a 66-year-old ischemic heart disease patient
      following thoracotomy.

PMID- 4053724
TI  - Control of hypertension with nifedipine in the setting of aortic dissection.
AB  - We report a 61-year-old man with dissection of the descending aorta and
      hypertension in whom medical management with beta-blocking antihypertensives was
      precluded by a history of asthma. The calcium channel blocker nifedipine was
      successfully employed in this setting and the rationale for its use is discussed.

PMID- 4053725
TI  - Concomitant pulmonary and cerebral arteriovenous fistulae.
AB  - The previously unreported occurrence of concomitant pulmonary and cerebral
      arteriovenous fistulae was found in an individual with severe neurologic
      complications. Both polycythemia and paradoxical embolization were implicated in
      the genesis of the cerebral symptoms while the cerebral fistulae were
      asymptomatic. An improved method of therapeutic embolization was used to treat
      the pulmonary lesions, avoiding surgical resection.

PMID- 4053726
TI  - Concomitant pulmonary thromboembolism and metallic mercury embolism. A diagnostic
      dilemma.
AB  - The concomitant occurrence of mercury emboli and thromboemboli of the lung has
      not been previously reported. We describe the case of an intravenous drug abuser
      with chest pain and newly discovered mercury emboli in the lung who was found to
      have a thromboembolus in the right pulmonary artery. An echocardiogram showed
      metallic density in the right ventricle, which has not been demonstrated
      previously.

PMID- 4053727
TI  - Surgical management of carcinoid heart disease.
AB  - Two female patients with carcinoid heart disease, ages 56 and 32 years, underwent
      pulmonic valve resection surgery and tricuspid valve replacement with a porcine
      bioprosthesis. Preoperatively, both patients were in function class 4 with severe
      right-side congestive failure and signs of tricuspid regurgitation and pulmonic
      stenosis. Both underwent surgery for porcine tricuspid valve replacement (33 and
      31 mm valves) and pulmonic valve resection. Postoperatively, both patients had
      only minimal symptoms, including trace ankle edema and soft pulmonic murmurs,
      despite persistence of the systemic symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. Pre- and
      postoperative catheterization data documented hemodynamic improvements. One
      patient eventually died of hepatic failure due to metastatic disease. At autopsy,
      her bioprosthesis was free of carcinoid valvular changes.

PMID- 4053728
TI  - Successful nonsurgical treatment of tuberculous empyema in an irreducible pleural
      space.
AB  - A 78-year-old woman with empyema due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a chronic
      pleural space was successfully treated with a 24-month course of oral isoniazid,
      rifampin, ethambutol, and serial space-emptying thoracocenteses. Besides dramatic
      clinical improvement, follow-up pleural fluid analyses demonstrated gradual
      replacement of the empyema with a sterile pleural exudate, which has persisted 24
      months after cessation of therapy. This case demonstrates a therapeutic program
      that was an effective alternative to decortication or thoracoplasty for
      tuberculous empyema in an irreducible pleural space.

PMID- 4053729
TI  - Diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis by transbronchial biopsy.
AB  - We performed transbronchial biopsies in a patient with a large cavitary lung
      lesion and obtained tissue diagnostic of Wegener's granulomatosis. Fiberoptic
      bronchoscopic examination with transbronchial biopsy may be indicated as the
      first diagnostic test in the evaluation of patients with suspected Wegener's
      granulomatosis.

PMID- 4053730
TI  - Inspiratory and expiratory vital capacity.

PMID- 4053731
TI  - Hyperventilation and cerebral protection.

PMID- 4053732
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of amoxycillin and theophylline during cotreatment with
      both medicaments.
AB  - The influence of amoxycillin and theophylline on their mutual steady-state
      pharmacokinetics was studied in healthy adults by comparing the pharmacokinetic
      parameters as obtained during a 10-day course of each drug alone and after giving
      the drugs in combination. Amoxycillin and theophylline plasma concentrations were
      measured by means of HPLC methods. On the 9th day of each of the two periods of
      drug administration, a concentration-time curve was evaluated. These showed no
      influence of theophylline on absorption, elimination or volume of distribution of
      amoxycillin, demonstrating that the mean steady-state plasma concentrations were
      not significantly different during the two treatments. Amoxycillin also has no
      significant effect on theophylline steady-state pharmacokinetics. It is concluded
      that both drugs can be given concomitantly without any dosage adjustment.

PMID- 4053733
TI  - Cefotaxime aminoglycoside interactions.
AB  - Minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations were
      determined for cefotaxime, gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin and for the
      combination of cefotaxime and each of the aminoglycosides in vitro against 200
      strains of Enterobacteriaceae. 91% were susceptible to cefotaxime, 93.5% were
      susceptible to gentamicin, 89.5% were susceptible to amikacin and 68% were
      susceptible to tobramycin. There were 95 strains which could be evaluated for
      synergistic killing by the antimicrobial combinations. Synergism was shown
      against 78% of strains by cefotaxime and amikacin, against 71% by cefotaxime and
      tobramycin and against 64% by cefotaxime and gentamicin. In 19 of 22 instances
      where a bacterial strain was resistant to both cefotaxime and the aminoglycoside,
      synergistic killing with clinically achievable levels of both antimicrobial
      agents was demonstrated. There was no significant decrease in concentration of
      any of the three aminoglycosides after incubation with cefotaxime at 37 degrees C
      for 0, 4 or 24 h.

PMID- 4053734
TI  - Storage-retrieval processes of normal and learning-disabled children: a stages-of
      learning analysis of picture-word effects.
AB  - Previous research comparing acquisition performance of learning-disabled and
      normally achieving children has led to the suggestion that the locus of memory
      differences lies in either the storage or retrieval components of recall. In this
      paper we report a free-recall experiment in which a new stages-of-learning model
      was used to examine the effects of a picture-word manipulation on storage and
      retrieval differences between nondisabled and disabled grade 2 and 6 children.
      Although the results of this experiment were consistent with the idea that
      disabled students are poorer at memory tasks than nondisabled students, the
      stages-of-learning analysis provided information regarding the precise locus of
      the deficiencies. Specifically, although disabled and nondisabled children
      benefited from the presentation of information in pictorial format, normally
      achieving children were consistently better than their learning-disabled
      counterparts at storing and learning to retrieve both pictures and words. From a
      developmental standpoint, the most important finding was that while differences
      between learning-disabled and normally achieving students at storage remained age
      invariant, differences in learning to retrieve increased with age. As it turned
      out, however, differences between disabled and nondisabled children were absent
      when it came to retaining traces once they had been stored in memory and in
      retrieval performance between the time a trace was stored and retrieval learning
      was complete. These results are consistent with previous research in which it has
      been shown that the ability to learn how to reliably retrieve information that
      has been stored in memory develops more slowly for disabled than nondisabled
      children.

PMID- 4053735
TI  - Inferences and recall at ages four and seven.
AB  - Inferences and recall at ages 4 and 7 were studied as a function of the cause of
      a target event, the presence and timing of questions prior to recall, and the
      type of inference demanded by the questions. 7-year-olds inferred and recalled
      well with stories containing any of the causal connections employed in the study.
      4-year-olds performed better when physical causes, rather than either
      psychological causes or enabling relations, connected events. Timing of questions
      did not affect the 7-year-olds' inferences, but asking questions interfered with
      their recall. Questions about story events aided the 4-year-olds' ability to make
      inferences and to recall, especially when causal connections were least specified
      and when questions were asked following the story. 4- and 7-year-olds also
      differed in responding to demands for 3 specific types of inference. 4-year-olds
      produced significantly more unconstrained inferences than logical or constrained
      informational inferences. 7-year-olds were most responsive to logical inference
      questions, and produced significantly more logical than constrained inferences.

PMID- 4053736
TI  - Confusions between memories for performed and imagined actions: a developmental
      comparison.
AB  - Children are often assumed to be more confused than adults are about the origin
      of self-generated memories (e.g., what they did or thought). The present
      experiments showed evidence in support of this assumption but only under some
      circumstances. In Experiment 1, 6- and 9-year-olds were as good as adults in
      distinguishing what they did from what they saw someone else do. However,
      children had particular trouble distinguishing what they did from what they
      imagined doing. Confusion between performed and imagined actions was evident
      across a range of actions. Clustering data also showed that information about
      origin is part of the memory for an event; all subjects recalled actions
      according to who performed what action (Experiment 1). Further, the presence of
      person categories as a basis for organization reduced clustering based on action
      class more for children than for adults (Experiment 1 vs. 2). Collectively, these
      findings indicate that children become sensitive to some distinctions in memories
      sooner than they do to others.

PMID- 4053737
TI  - The conceptual basis for referential word meaning in children with autism.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of the representation of
      substantive word meanings in children with autism. The subjects included 3 groups
      of autistic, mentally retarded, and normal children, who were matched on verbal
      mental age. The subjects participated in 2 experiments investigating their
      comprehension of words for basic level and superordinate level categories. The 3
      groups were equivalent in their performance in both experiments. They also showed
      the same patterns of overextension and underextension errors that were related to
      a prototype representation of the underlying concepts. These findings suggest
      that semantic knowledge for concrete objects is represented and organized in
      similar ways in autistic, retarded, and normal children and that previous
      findings on cognitive deficits in autistic children are more likely related to
      their inability to use cognitive representations in an appropriate and flexible
      manner.

PMID- 4053738
TI  - Developmental changes in hemispheric independence.
AB  - In this research, we questioned whether children's relative inability to use the
      2 cerebral hemispheres independently contributes toward their difficulty with the
      simultaneous execution of conflicting tasks. 2 naming tasks were simultaneously
      presented to either 1 visual field/hemisphere combination (unilateral) or were
      divided between visual fields/hemispheres (bilateral). We predicted that
      bilateral presentation would improve performance by insulating these conflicting
      tasks from mutual interference and that there would be a developmental shift in
      the size of the advantage for bilateral presentation. This hypothesis was
      confirmed in a sample of 120 children (N = 40 per group). Older children (12- and
      14-year-olds) named more items when they were presented bilaterally, rather than
      unilaterally, when conflicting inputs were directed to different hemispheres.
      Younger children (10-year-olds) displayed no advantage for bilateral presentation
      regardless of whether conflicting tasks were projected to the same hemisphere or
      different hemispheres. The fact that 10-year-olds did not benefit from division
      of conflicting inputs between the hemispheres was interpreted as a symptom of
      their relative inability to use the hemispheres independently.

PMID- 4053739
TI  - Young children's ability to infer spatial relationships: evidence from a large,
      familiar environment.
AB  - Young (mean age = 3-9) and old (mean age = 5-0) nursery school children were
      tested on their ability to infer spatial relationships in a large, familiar
      environment. Each child in the younger group was matched to a child of the same
      sex in the older group who had been attending the nursery school for the same
      number of months. Subjects were taken to 3 different locations in their nursery
      school and were asked to point to 5 targets on the school grounds. Older children
      were more accurate than younger children on nursery school targets, but
      children's spatial representations were relatively nonintegrated at both age
      levels. Consistent sex differences in favor of males were discussed in the
      context of a new framework that could potentially explain the appearance of sex
      differences on spatial tasks conducted in large-scale environments. It was
      concluded that very young children have difficulty inferring spatial
      relationships, even in a large, familiar environment. This difficulty seems to be
      due to a relative lack of symbolic capacity.

PMID- 4053740
TI  - Visual perspective-taking skills in children.
AB  - The present study evaluated the effects of stimulus complexity and rule usage on
      a visual perspective-taking task. Preschoolers, first, third, and fifth graders,
      and adults were shown arrays of dolls and performed a series of perspective
      taking tasks. Errors decreased with age, and more errors occurred with the more
      complex visual arrays. A significant number of errors were made in self-view
      trials, especially by the preschoolers, showing that the ability to relate an
      array to a pictorial representation of it is not perfect. A conditional
      probability analysis showed that most egocentric errors were not due to an
      inability to relate the array to pictorial representations, but rather to a lack
      of mastery of Flavell's different positions--different views rule. When the array
      was covered, however, even first graders showed almost perfect mastery of this
      rule. There were also task effects on the use of Flavell's same position--same
      view rule: children performed better for a task involving self and other than for
      2 others. Response latencies and effects for the observer's relative position
      provided evidence for a new rule: opposite positions--opposite views. In
      addition, front and back views of the dolls were significantly easier than the
      side views, which suggests a role of labeling or stimulus-discrimination skills.

PMID- 4053741
TI  - The development of children's strategies for the social control of emotion.
AB  - It has been shown that young children can recognize emotional states in their
      peers, that they understand many of the antecedents of emotion, and they are
      motivated to change negative emotional states in others. The present study
      examined children's ability to nominate strategic social action that would alter
      the ongoing emotional state of a peer. Children of 3 ages--5, 8, and 12 years of
      age--viewed a picture of a young child actually experiencing happiness, sadness,
      anger, or in a neutral state. In a portion of instances, information was also
      provided about the social or nonsocial experience that led to the target child's
      state. The strategies children nominated fell into a small set of agonistic
      (nurturant) and antagonistic (aggressive) behaviors intended to change positive
      or negative states. With increasing age, children tended to nominate a greater
      proportion of verbal strategies, social strategies (with the exception of
      strategies nominated to change anger), and strategies that directly addressed the
      cause of another's emotional state.

PMID- 4053742
TI  - Manual actions of nine- to fifteen-week-old human infants during face-to-face
      interaction with their mothers.
AB  - This paper presents evidence that the manual actions of infants as young as 9
      weeks of age may occur in relation to their facial expression, gaze direction,
      and vocalization. 28 full-term, healthy infants were observed during a 2-min
      spontaneous face-to-face interaction with their mothers. Videotapes were coded in
      real time using the following categories of manual action: POINT, SPREAD, CURL,
      and GRASP. Facial expressions, gaze direction, and vocalizations also were coded
      for each infant. All of the infants displayed CURL, 20 infants displayed SPREAD,
      18 POINTED, and 11 showed GRASP. Right/left differences appeared for the
      categories CURL, SPREAD, and GRASP, but not for POINT. Hand action was
      systematically organized into sequences with other infant action. POINT occurred
      before or after mouthing and vocalization, CURL during vocalization, and SPREAD
      when the baby was looking away from the mother. The results are discussed in
      relation to their implications for the ontogeny of nonverbal communicative
      gestures.

PMID- 4053743
TI  - Infants' affective responses in the strange situation: effects of prematurity and
      of quality of attachment.
AB  - 20 full-term and 20 preterm infants and their mothers were videotaped in the
      Strange Situation, and the security of their attachment relationships was later
      determined. Each episode was subsequently divided into consecutive 15-sec
      intervals, during each of which ratings of facial expressions were performed.
      From these ratings several summary dimensions of affect were derived (e.g.,
      affective peak and range during all episodes, latency and rise time for onset of
      distress during separation episodes, and recovery time during reunions). Term and
      preterm infants did not differ from one another in either the security of
      attachment or their affective expression and regulation. When groups were
      combined, patterns of affective expression were significantly different for
      infants classified as insecure-avoidant, insecure-ambivalent, and securely
      attached, as well as for group B1 + B2 infants compared to group B3 + B4 babies.
      The findings indicated that attachment-related affect may reflect an affect
      continuum that underlies certain mother- and stranger-directed behaviors in the
      Strange Situation, but that not all aspects of reunion behavior can be predicted
      by prior separation reactions.

PMID- 4053744
TI  - Correlates of mastery-related behavior: a short-term longitudinal study of
      infants in their second year.
AB  - The present study examined correlates of mastery-related behavior across the
      infant's second year of life. Maternal control style was quantified on a control
      to support-of-autonomy continuum, infant-mother attachment was assessed in the
      Strange Situation, and mastery-related behavior was observed in a toy play
      session at 12 and 20 months. Infants whose mothers were supportive of their
      autonomy displayed greater task-oriented persistence and competence during play
      than did infants of more controlling mothers; securely attached and avoidant
      infants tended to exhibit greater persistence at tasks than anxious-ambivalent
      babies, and ambivalent babies were the most negative in affect.

PMID- 4053745
TI  - Mother-child interaction at age two years and perceived difficult temperament.
AB  - The current study investigated a hypothesized link between early child
      temperament and later problem behavior. Early temperament was assessed at ages 6,
      13, and 24 months via mother ratings on age-appropriate versions of the Infant
      Characteristics Questionnaire. The 24-month form was developed in this study.
      Factor analyses of the questionnaire indicated a clear difficultness factor that
      was similar in content across all 3 ages. The 6-, 13-, and 24-month difficultness
      factors were correlated with home observation measures of mother-toddler
      interaction at age 24 months. Home observation indexes focused on situations
      where the mother tried to control the toddler's "trouble" behavior. Children
      rated by their mothers as difficult at 24 months were found to approach "mild
      trouble" more frequently than children perceived as easy or average. Furthermore,
      their mothers used intrusive control tactics more frequently than mothers of easy
      or average children. Analysis of behavior sequence variables showed that
      difficult children resisted their mothers' control attempts significantly more
      often than easy or average children, that is, had more conflict with the mothers.
      The 6- and 13-month difficultness scores predicted both the 2-year-old
      difficultness rating and the observed conflict indexes. It is suggested that the
      conflict observed in the interaction between the difficult 2-year-olds and their
      mothers is conceptually similar to the conflictual behavior characteristic of
      older, clinically referred, socially aggressive children and their mothers. Thus,
      the conflicted interactions found at age 2 years may represent an empirically
      based link between difficult infant temperament and the development of childhood
      problem behavior.

PMID- 4053746
TI  - Estimates of young children's time with television: a methodological comparison
      of parent reports with time-lapse video home observation.
AB  - Accurate information on behavior of young children at home is crucial to the
      study of child development. The present study compared parent diaries of 5-year
      old children's time spent with television to concurrent automated time-lapse
      video observations. In addition, a number of control groups were employed to
      assess the effects of observational equipment in the homes. The sample consisted
      of 334 mostly white middle-class families, of whom 106 had observational
      equipment installed. Results indicated no systematic subject selection of
      families who were willing to have observational equipment as compared to the
      controls. In addition, there were no differences in reported viewing behavior
      between the observed families and controls. Of 3 types of parent estimates of 5
      year-old TV viewing, concurrent diaries correlated best with video observation (r
      = .84) and produced a very small absolute mean time error. Direct parent
      estimates of typical time spent viewing produced smaller correlations and large
      overestimates as compared with diaries.

PMID- 4053747
TI  - [Spondylolisthesis in various systemic diseases].

PMID- 4053748
TI  - ["Hangman's" fracture of the cervical spine].

PMID- 4053749
TI  - [Endoprosthesis-arthroplasty in protrusion of the hip joint in rheumatoid
      arthritis].

PMID- 4053750
TI  - [Heavy metals in bone pathology].

PMID- 4053751
TI  - [Abnormal length of the metacarpal bones in Dupuytren's contracture. Preliminary
      report].

PMID- 4053753
TI  - [Congenital clubfoot].

PMID- 4053752
TI  - [Atypical clinical picture of median nerve damage related to its developmental
      anomaly].

PMID- 4053754
TI  - [Myoelectrical activity of crural muscles during locomotion in children treated
      surgically for congenital clubfoot].

PMID- 4053755
TI  - [Traumatic dislocation of knee joint complicated by injury of the popliteal
      artery].

PMID- 4053756
TI  - [Treatment of "low" tibial shaft fractures by intramedullary osteosynthesis using
      transverse bone screws (preliminary report)].

PMID- 4053757
TI  - [Intra-arterial administration of drugs in the treatment of limb injuries].

PMID- 4053758
TI  - [Kidney calcinosis as a sequela of complicated fractures of long bones].

PMID- 4053759
TI  - [Transplantation of adductor muscles of the thigh to the ischial tuberosity in
      cerebral palsy].

PMID- 4053760
TI  - [Primary synovial osteochondrosis of the knee joint].

PMID- 4053761
TI  - [Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of congenital hip dislocation
      (preliminary report)].

PMID- 4053762
TI  - [Surgical treatment of scoliosis in early childhood (preliminary report)].

PMID- 4053763
TI  - [Hospital infections and problems of resistance today].

PMID- 4053764
TI  - [Local antibiotic therapy of bone, joint and soft tissue infections].

PMID- 4053765
TI  - [Criteria for therapeutic and preventive use of antibiotics in accident surgery].

PMID- 4053766
TI  - [Experiences with 2 years of quality control following general and vascular
      surgery in 3193 patients].
AB  - 3193 general and vascular surgical interventions were prospectively controlled
      regarding the postoperative complication rates. The examination of all
      complication data was necessary to define the risk of the various operations. By
      a regular follow-up system the risk of wound infections and other complications
      decreased. Although perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis and stapling devices for
      gastrointestinal end-to-end anastomoses were routinely used, the surgeon still
      influenced the complication rates.

PMID- 4053767
TI  - [Percutaneous drainage of abdominal abscesses. II. Value in comparison with
      septic surgery].
AB  - Based on the review of the literature and experience with own cases the current
      status of the therapy of abdominal abscesses by percutaneous catheter drainage is
      described. Indications, reasons for failure, complications, and mortality are
      presented in detail. Compared with surgery percutaneous abscess drainage (PAD)
      seems to have better results; however, this statement should be viewed with
      caution since the input of modern imaging techniques might have improved current
      surgical success rates. A trial of PAD can be recommended in all feasible cases
      because it offers high curability with little morbidity.

PMID- 4053769
TI  - [Subtotal thyroid resection in severe, iodine-induced hyperthyroidism].
AB  - Iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis due to iodine application in high amounts in
      patients with circumscript or disseminated thyroid autonomy, is complicated by a
      prolonged course, mainly due to a resistance to conservative therapy with
      thiourea derivates. We therefore decided to perform an early subtotal
      thyroidectomy in 24 thyrotoxic patients. This measure is in contrast to the
      common opinion that surgery should only be performed after normalization of
      thyroid hormones. In all 24 patients with severe hyperthyroidism, including three
      patients with thyroid storm, hormone levels decreased within a few days after
      surgery to normal or subnormal values and the clinical picture of thyrotoxicosis
      disappeared. In the case of thyroid storm the signs of disorientation normalized
      within 1-3 days. One patient died five weeks after surgery due to severe
      concomitant diseases. One patient exhibited transitory respiration distress and
      another had postoperative hypocalcemia. In 13 patients L-thyroxine replacement
      became necessary due to subclinical or clinical hypothyroidism. Surgery as a
      early treatment for thyrotoxicosis should be reserved for patients with severe
      illness where conservative treatment has been shown to be ineffective. In rare
      selected cases, when a rapid normalization is required, surgery without
      preoperative treatment seems to be justified. The effect of surgery was
      impressive in all our cases and there were only minor perioperative
      complications.

PMID- 4053768
TI  - [Results of treatment of achalasia with special reference to gastroesophageal
      reflux].
AB  - Patients with achalasia, which had been treated in the Department of Surgery,
      University of Bonn, from 1953 to 1983 (n = 142), were examined by a detailed
      questionnaire (n = 90), endoscopy and biopsy (n = 47), esophagography (n = 53)
      and by gastric reflux scintigraphy (n = 12). The results of dilatation and
      surgical procedures are compared. Although the incidence of gastric reflux was
      very seldom, an esophagitis could be seen frequently. The dilatation of the
      esophagus is succeeded, if there is left any myogenic tone. Otherwise an
      esophagomyotomy by left thoracotomy should be performed without an antireflux
      operation.

PMID- 4053770
TI  - [Pouch and Roux-Y reconstruction following gastrectomy. A time-saving stomach
      replacement technic with the systematic use of staplers].

PMID- 4053771
TI  - [Pancreatitis as a rare cause of hemorrhagic anemia].

PMID- 4053772
TI  - [Shotgun pellets in the appendix].

PMID- 4053773
TI  - [A new video recording system for the operating room].

PMID- 4053774
TI  - [Medical responsibility in the postoperative phase].

PMID- 4053775
TI  - [Problems in antepartum monitoring and fetal prediction].

PMID- 4053776
TI  - [Evaluation of the false-reaction non-stress test].

PMID- 4053777
TI  - [Predictive value of intrapartum internal monitoring and cord blood gas
      analysis].

PMID- 4053778
TI  - [Estimation of fetal weight and height].

PMID- 4053779
TI  - [Sequential echocardiographic studies of cardiac function in pregnancy].

PMID- 4053781
TI  - [The cyclic variation in the fibrinolytic activity of the normal endometrium].

PMID- 4053780
TI  - [Arterial blood-gas and acid-base balance in hypertensive diseases of pregnancy:
      an analysis of 121 cases].

PMID- 4053782
TI  - [Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome: clinic analysis of 40 cases].

PMID- 4053783
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of a female genital tract malformation syndrome].

PMID- 4053784
TI  - [Carrier rate of Candida in leukorrhea in healthy women].

PMID- 4053786
TI  - [Transvaginal bladder neck suspension operation for urinary stress incontinence:
      a preliminary report].

PMID- 4053785
TI  - [Intrauterine diagnosis of trisomy 18 syndrome].

PMID- 4053787
TI  - [Diagnostic method and surgical extent in the treatment of stage Ia cervical
      carcinoma].

PMID- 4053788
TI  - Centromere organization in chromosomes of the mouse.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the centromere region of chromosomes from mouse L929 cells
      treated with agents that affect centromere condensation have been examined using
      light, transmission electron, and scanning electron microscopic techniques.
      Micrographs of expanded centromeres from treated chromosomes illustrate that both
      the biarmed chromosomes that were generated by Robertsonian fusion during the
      past history of the strain and the functional centromere of the multicentromeric
      marker chromosomes display a prominent gap. This gap probably represents the
      original site of association of the acrocentric chromosomes and is also the site
      of the kinetochore. Despite the multicentromeric nature of the marker chromosome
      a single pair of kinetochores were found only at the central heterochromatic
      region. The functional implications of these structural findings are discussed.

PMID- 4053790
TI  - [Gastric lesions in duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 4053789
TI  - Genome evolution in pocket gophers (genus Thomomys). III. Fluorochrome-revealed
      heterochromatin heterogeneity.
AB  - Heterochromatin is a dominant component of the genome in the bottae group of the
      pocket gopher genus Thomomys, having had a major role in the karyotypic evolution
      of member species. Heterochromatin characteristics of two subspecies of T. bottae
      and one of T. umbrinus were examined with fluorochrome dyes identifying
      presumptive GC- and AT-rich regions. In two karyotype forms of T. b. fulvus and
      in T. umbrinus, chromatin that fluoresces brightly with chromomycin A3 is also C
      band positive, although not all heterochromatin fluoresces. However, in T. b.
      bottae, only euchromatic regions fluoresce brightly with chromomycin.
      Fluorescence patterns produced with DAPI are the reverse of the chromomycin
      banding in all karyotypic forms. Heterochromatin in these taxa is thus highly
      differentiated, exhibiting heterogeneity in staining characteristics, and
      presumably in underlying DNA sequences, both across the genome within a given
      chromosomal complement as well as among the different karyotypic races and
      species of the bottae group of pocket gophers.

PMID- 4053791
TI  - [Early effect of acromegaly on the heart: analysis of 28 cases].

PMID- 4053792
TI  - [Electrophysiologic observations on phasic aberrant ventricular conduction].

PMID- 4053793
TI  - [Treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia with adenosine-5'
      triphosphate].

PMID- 4053794
TI  - [Myelodysplastic syndrome: analysis of 17 cases].

PMID- 4053795
TI  - [Relapsing polychondritis: a report of 7 cases and review of the literature].

PMID- 4053796
TI  - [A new resin (NK-107) used in hemoperfusion treatment of severe hypnotic
      poisoning].

PMID- 4053797
TI  - [Impaired opsonization in fulminant and subacute liver failure].

PMID- 4053798
TI  - [A histologic study of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers].

PMID- 4053799
TI  - [Detection of hepatitis B virus DNA and DNA-polymerase in the serum of 174
      patients with viral hepatitis].

PMID- 4053800
TI  - [Clinical implication of serum thyroid hormone level changes in cirrhosis of the
      liver].

PMID- 4053801
TI  - [Reassessment of conjugated cholic acid in the serum of patients with hepatic,
      biliary and pancreatic diseases].

PMID- 4053802
TI  - [Clinical significance of the determination of serum aminophylline levels].

PMID- 4053803
TI  - [Angiographic ejection fraction for predicting the prognosis of valve
      replacement].

PMID- 4053804
TI  - [Primary observations on distal renal tubule acidosis in 177 cases caused by
      gossypol intoxication].

PMID- 4053805
TI  - [The epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus in Shanghai].

PMID- 4053806
TI  - [33 cases of lupus nephritis confirmed by renal biopsy].

PMID- 4053807
TI  - [Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with high-dose intravenous injections
      of methylprednisolone].

PMID- 4053808
TI  - [A clinical study of degenerative calcific valvular disease in the elderly].

PMID- 4053809
TI  - [The problem of a hypothyroid state developing during tapazol therapy of
      hyperthyroidism].

PMID- 4053810
TI  - [Estimation of plasma fibronectin in patients with liver diseases].

PMID- 4053811
TI  - [Angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy: analysis of 70 cases].

PMID- 4053812
TI  - [100 cases of diffuse pulmonary disease diagnosed by transfiberoptic
      bronchoscopic lung biopsy].

PMID- 4053813
TI  - [Evaluation of cardiac output with 2-dimensional Doppler echocardiography].

PMID- 4053814
TI  - [The diagnostic value of peroxidase-protein A enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
      with purified antigen in the detection of human hydatidosis].

PMID- 4053815
TI  - [Plasma zinc and copper concentrations in epilepsy patients].

PMID- 4053816
TI  - [Computerized tomographic study of 136 cases of epilepsy].

PMID- 4053817
TI  - [Clinical significance of blood levels of diphenylhydantoin orally administered
      to epileptic patients].

PMID- 4053818
TI  - [Therapeutic effect of vanillin in the treatment of epilepsy].

PMID- 4053819
TI  - [Analysis of 1350 cases of epilepsy].

PMID- 4053820
TI  - [Determination of blood haloperidol levels by radioimmunoassay--a methodological
      study].

PMID- 4053821
TI  - [CT studies on the morphological changes of the brain in schizophrenics].

PMID- 4053822
TI  - [Childhood behavioral disorders in 76 cases of juvenile delinquency].

PMID- 4053823
TI  - [Psychiatric consultation for inpatients in general hospitals].

PMID- 4053824
TI  - [Psychological experiments on attention, cognition, memory and thought in
      schizophrenics].

PMID- 4053825
TI  - [An epidemiologic investigation of mental retardation in the Lisu people of
      Jinsha Commune, Dechang County, Sichuan Province].

PMID- 4053826
TI  - [An epidemiologic investigation of mental retardation in two communes of Yexian
      County].

PMID- 4053827
TI  - [An epidemiologic investigation of psychoses in two communes of Yexian County].

PMID- 4053829
TI  - [Epidemiological studies of mental retardation and birth defects in children].

PMID- 4053828
TI  - [Toxicological studies on isopropylbiphenyl].

PMID- 4053830
TI  - [Carcinogenic action of chlordimeform give orally to mice in a lifetime
      experiment].

PMID- 4053831
TI  - [A pathological study of fifty autopsy cases of coal workers].

PMID- 4053832
TI  - [Investigation of the effects of noise on auditory organs of man].

PMID- 4053833
TI  - [Comparison of methods for enrichment of Salmonella III: Different inoculate
      doses in four enrichment broths].

PMID- 4053834
TI  - [A longitudinal study of skeletal development in adolescent girls].

PMID- 4053835
TI  - [Height, weight and hydroxyproline/creatinine in the urine of children in the
      neighborhood of a vanadium-titanium magnetite smelter].

PMID- 4053836
TI  - [Change in the hydroxyproline ratio and hydroxyproline index in adolescents].

PMID- 4053837
TI  - [The effects of occupational lead exposure on the worker's health].

PMID- 4053838
TI  - [Evaluation of health risk appraisal: its principles and methods].

PMID- 4053839
TI  - [Clinical use of free autologous costal perichondrial grafts for the
      reconstruction of the metacarpophalangeal joint].

PMID- 4053840
TI  - [Clinical use of dorsal iso-orientational flaps of the fingers].

PMID- 4053841
TI  - [Paralysis of the dorsal interosseous nerve of the forearm: report of 13 cases].

PMID- 4053842
TI  - [Proximal carpectomy for transnavicular perilunate dislocation].

PMID- 4053843
TI  - [Seven-year follow-up of metacarpophalangeal allogenic total joint
      transplantation: report of 7 cases].

PMID- 4053844
TI  - [Interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal prosthetic replacement: report of 25
      cases].

PMID- 4053846
TI  - [Pulmonary sequestration].

PMID- 4053845
TI  - [Free nerve grafting with simultaneous arterialized vein pedicle
      transplantation].

PMID- 4053847
TI  - [Resection of esophageal and cardiac carcinoma by inversion stripping
      esophagectomy].

PMID- 4053849
TI  - [Transfemoral lumbar epidural venography].

PMID- 4053848
TI  - [Prosthetic valve endocarditis: report of 3 cases].

PMID- 4053850
TI  - [Clinical use of percutaneous transhepatic choledochofiberscopy].

PMID- 4053851
TI  - [Parietal cell vagotomy with pyloric dilatation for pyloric obstruction].

PMID- 4053852
TI  - [Duplicate carcinoma of the large bowel].

PMID- 4053853
TI  - [Re-evaluation of the effect of formalin and other scolicidal agents in hydatid
      surgery].

PMID- 4053854
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of mammary tuberculosis].

PMID- 4053855
TI  - [Selective arterial catheterization and urea injection treatment of huge
      cavernous hemangiomas].

PMID- 4053856
TI  - [Chronic leg ulcer with malignant changes: report of 7 cases].

PMID- 4053857
TI  - [Adrenal autotransplantation with A-V anastomosis: a preliminary report].

PMID- 4053858
TI  - [Posterior urethral injury associated with pelvic fracture: analysis of 109
      cases].

PMID- 4053859
TI  - [Electron microscopic observations on experimental nonunion of fractures].

PMID- 4053860
TI  - [Effects of Sarcandre glabra Nakai on amino acids in experimental fracture
      callus: a preliminary report].

PMID- 4053862
TI  - [Animal model of suppurative cholangitis and bilirubin cholangiolithiasis].

PMID- 4053861
TI  - [Pharmacological study and clinical application of fluorocarbon artificial
      blood].

PMID- 4053863
TI  - [Improvement of the self-compression bone plate and its clinical use].

PMID- 4053864
TI  - [The use of Ender nails in fractures of the lower limb].

PMID- 4053865
TI  - [Traumatic posterolateral rotatory dislocation of the knee].

PMID- 4053866
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of 75Se-methionine pancreatic imaging].

PMID- 4053867
TI  - [Surgical treatment of pulmonary bullae].

PMID- 4053868
TI  - [Clinical analysis of 34 cases surviving over 10 years after resection of
      carcinoma of the esophagus or cardia].

PMID- 4053869
TI  - [Gastric adenomyoma: with report of 9 cases].

PMID- 4053870
TI  - [Rational use of antibiotics for perforated appendicitis in childhood].

PMID- 4053871
TI  - [Post-operative hemodynamic monitoring in elderly critical patients: analysis of
      50 cases].

PMID- 4053872
TI  - [The use of the reversed medial leg island flap].

PMID- 4053873
TI  - Colonoscopy in the evaluation of strictures.
AB  - This is a review of 181 consecutive colonoscopic procedures performed to resolve
      the etiology of colonic strictures when the barium enema was inconclusive. In 54
      percent, it was possible to intubate the colon above the stricture and thus
      resolve the problem. In 46 percent, it was impossible to traverse the stricture.
      In this group, it was nevertheless possible to resolve the problem in another 13
      percent using the combined technique of biopsy and cytology. Thus, colonoscopy
      was helpful and determinate in 67 percent.

PMID- 4053874
TI  - Continent cecostomy. An account of 30 patients.
AB  - In this paper, an account is given of our experience with continent colostomy in
      man. In five patients, the end-sigmoidostomy was provided with an intussusception
      valve. Evacuation of the bowel by irrigation through a catheter was laborious and
      time-consuming and this method was abandoned. In another group of 30 patients,
      the cecum was isolated from the rest of the colon and its distal end was provided
      with an intussusception valve. Of the 30 patients, eight were later given
      continent ileostomies, two were converted to conventional sigmoidostomies, and
      one patient with fecal incontinence preferred to have intestinal continuity
      reestablished. Thus, 19 patients still have continent cecostomies and are
      satisfied with their function. When comparing the function of the continent
      cecostomy with that of the continent ileostomy, however, it is obvious that the
      ileostomy function is superior. The experience obtained with this group of
      patients has resulted in a widening of the indications for constructing a
      continent ileostomy, including selected patients with various anorectal
      disorders.

PMID- 4053875
TI  - Anorectal Crohn's disease. A long-term perspective.
AB  - A group of 86 patients with anorectal Crohn's disease were followed up from ten
      to 40 years to determine the course of the disease and the number of patients who
      later required proctectomy. The overall cumulative probability of avoiding
      proctectomy was 91.6 percent at ten years and 82.5 percent at 20 years. Resection
      of all proximal Crohn's disease did not ameliorate the anorectal disease, except
      in patients who had all proximal disease removed and had no recurrence.

PMID- 4053876
TI  - Sigmoid volvulus in a West African population.
AB  - The incidence, clinical presentation, etiology, and treatment of sigmoid volvulus
      in a West African population are described. This retrospective study, based on
      146 cases in eight years, shows that the incidence of the disorder of 12 new
      cases per 100,000 population per year is extremely high in the area described. It
      also shows that good results can be obtained in the treatment of sigmoid volvulus
      even in suboptimal conditions in rural hospitals when adhering to sound surgical
      principles.

PMID- 4053877
TI  - Reappraisal of Delorme's procedure for rectal prolapse.
AB  - Eighteen patients with second- and third-degree rectal prolapse were treated by
      simplified Delorme operation during a nine-year period. Operative mortality was
      nil and significant complications developed in three patients (17 percent). Long
      term follow-up (average, 42 months) was established for all 18 patients revealing
      excellent results in 15 (83 percent). There was only one recurrent prolapse (6
      percent) observed during this follow-up period. Technical details of the
      procedure are described. The simplified Delorme procedure provides acceptable
      results in the initial surgical management of rectal procidentia.

PMID- 4053878
TI  - Survival following resection for colorectal cancer. A New Zealand national study.
AB  - The crude overall five-year survival rate for New Zealand patients with
      colorectal cancer treated surgically was 42 percent. Less than 50 percent of
      patients with Stage I and Stage II tumors survived ten years. Women survived
      longer after surgery than men. It was not possible to determine a biologic cure
      rate because postmortem data were not available.

PMID- 4053879
TI  - Benign cecal ulcers. Spectrum of disease and selective management.
AB  - Benign ulceration of the cecum is an uncommon lesion. Most cases are diagnosed
      intraoperatively and most authors have advocated right hemicolectomy due to the
      difficulty in differentiating benign from malignant lesions. Recently
      colonoscopic diagnosis and conservative treatment have been reported. We describe
      six cases of cecal ulcer ranging from asymptomatic lesions diagnosed at
      colonoscopy and healing with conservative management to perforated ulcers with
      intra-abdominal abscesses requiring right hemicolectomy. A selective approach to
      patient management is advocated, including stapler wedge cecectomy with frozen
      section diagnosis to avoid extensive bowel resection and retain the ileocecal
      valve.

PMID- 4053880
TI  - A unique late mechanical complication of jejunoileal bypass.
AB  - The consequences of jejunoileal bypass include not just metabolic derangements,
      though the frequency and severity of these problems have led to the procedure
      being abandoned in the treatment of morbid obesity, but a variety of mechanical
      complications as well. In this report, a new mechanical complication is
      presented: Intussusception of the defunctionalized ileum into the sigmoid colon,
      an intussusception caused by malignant lymphoma of the ileum. Because the patient
      had pain but no evidence of obstruction, the ileal tumor was fortuitously
      discovered during flexible sigmoidoscopy.

PMID- 4053881
TI  - Keratoacanthoma of the anus. Report of three cases.
AB  - Three cases of keratoacanthomas localized to the anal region are reported--one in
      the anal canal and two at the anal margin. The duration of the tumors before
      treatment was very short (three to nine weeks). Treatment consisted of local
      excision or curettage and electrocoagulation. No recurrence of the tumors was
      found at follow-up four to six years after treatment.

PMID- 4053883
TI  - Absorbable vs. nonabsorbable sutures.

PMID- 4053882
TI  - Intestinal ischemia due to vascular elastosis caused by metastasizing carcinoid
      tumor of Meckel's diverticulum.
AB  - A case of a carcinoid tumor arising in a Meckel's diverticulum is reported. By
      the time of detection, the tumor had spread to the mesentery causing ischemia of
      the small intestine due to the associated vascular elastosis.

PMID- 4053884
TI  - Rubber band ligation.

PMID- 4053885
TI  - Recurrent small bowel Crohn's disease is more frequent after subtotal colectomy
      and ileorectal anastomosis than proctocolectomy.
AB  - The cumulative probability of reoperation for recurrent ileal Crohn's disease at
      five years was: 17 percent following ileocecal resection, 19 percent following
      proctocolectomy, and 28 percent after ileorectal anastomosis. At ten years, the
      rate of ileal recurrence was significantly less after proctocolectomy; 24 percent
      as compared with 43 percent for ileorectal anastomosis (P less than 0.01),
      whereas ileocecal resection assumed an intermediary position with 35 percent.

PMID- 4053886
TI  - Postoperative course and rehabilitation achievements of colostomates.
AB  - Forty colostomates (mean age, 61.5 years) were examined and interviewed 3 to 174
      months (mean, 47.5 months) after creation of their colostomies, to try to
      determine their rehabilitation achievements after leaving the hospital. All
      patients had permanent colostomies, most of them after Miles' operation for
      carcinoma of the rectum. Most patients leave the hospital distressed and
      unprepared for independent life. They lack confidence and urgently need the help
      of the community health services, which repeatedly disappoint them. Patients are
      not aware of the anticipated problems and available agencies that offer support.
      They have irregular bowel habits, discharge of gas and unpleasant odor, as well
      as diminished sexual and social life. Irregularity of bowel habits seems to be
      the most difficult unresolved problem and is the main cause for social handicap,
      a handicap which is exacerbated by various commonly occurring surgical
      complications.

PMID- 4053887
TI  - The pelvic ileal reservoir. An experimental comparison of the 3-loop and 2-loop
      systems.
AB  - In an experimental study the function of the 3-loop (Parks) pelvic ileal
      reservoir was compared with that of the 2-loop (Utsunomiya) reservoir. Both types
      achieved satisfactory degrees of continence and evacuation when tested in the
      defunctioned state. Following restoration of intestinal continuity, the stools of
      dogs with 3-loop pouches were usually liquid (69 percent) compared to the more
      formed stools (72 percent) in the 2-loop group, P less than 0.001. At postmortem
      the reservoirs of the 3-loop group were found to have undergone much greater
      dilatation (P less than 0.05). These findings suggest that construction of the 3
      loop (Parks) pelvic reservoir may lead to retention with overflow if
      catheterization is not used. It is not clear whether the superior function of the
      2-loop pouch is attributable to better motor function or the absence of an
      efferent limb which allows it to be placed deep in the pelvis.

PMID- 4053888
TI  - Free and reverse smooth muscle plasty in rats and goats.
AB  - Free autologous smooth muscle transplants were performed in 59 Wistar rats from
      70 to 90 days old. The free smooth-muscle transplants were prestretched by 0
      percent, 100 percent, 120 percent, 150 percent, and 200 percent under resting
      conditions, and the animals were sacrificed on postoperative days five, 10, 20,
      40, and 60, respectively. Five animals died postoperatively. Three of them died
      with ileus and stenosis after 150 percent prestretching of the transplant.
      Complications occurred in 11 other animals, and involved ileus in nine due to
      stenosis or increasing defecation difficulty resulting from post-150-percent
      transplant-prestretching-obstruction phenomena. No relaxation reflex was observed
      manometrically in any of the transplants. Histology confirmed that smooth-muscle
      necrosis and connective-tissue multiplication increase with increasing
      prestretching of the transplant. With prestretching of 150 percent or more, the
      transplant underwent complete fibrosis. Subsequently anorectal smooth-muscle
      pedunculated flaps (tunnel grafts) were performed on 20 goats of Syrian and
      German pedigree. Manometric, histologic, and histochemical results were much
      better in smooth-muscle transplantation of this nature. Even in these animals,
      however, increased fibrosis and disintegration of the transplant was shown
      histologically in all animals with more than 150 percent graft prestretch. After
      200 percent prestretch, additional myenteric plexus disintegration was observed
      and no relaxation could be achieved. Based on these clinical, manometric, and
      histologic results, smooth-muscle transposition (tunnel graft) can be recommended
      to improve continence in infants as a non-time-consuming modification of the well
      established Rehbein-Romualdi-Kiesewetter pull-through procedure in the high
      imperforate anus. However, prestretching of the transplanted pedicle flap should
      not exceed 120 to 140 percent.

PMID- 4053889
TI  - Colonoscopy in the emergency treatment of colonic volvulus in Nigeria.
AB  - The commonest cause of large-bowel obstruction in Nigeria is sigmoid volvulus.
      Patients usually present late, dehydrated, and in very poor condition. The
      mortality of emergency colonic surgery is undoubtedly high, more so in developing
      countries poorly equipped to cope with such a condition. To reduce the mortality
      rate and improve management of the patients, a four-year prospective study of
      detorsion followed by elective surgery after adequate resuscitation and bowel
      preparation was carried out between January 1979 and December 1982. Volvulus is
      classified into three groups: torsion, obstruction, and strangulation. Criteria
      for short colonoscopic detorsion of torsion and obstruction types are discussed,
      and the contraindication in the case of strangulation type mentioned. This
      article describes the management of 92 cases of sigmoid volvulus between 1979 and
      1982.

PMID- 4053890
TI  - Normal mucosal histochemistry and histopathology in familial colorectal cancer.
AB  - Histochemical and histopathologic changes have been described in mucosa adjacent
      to and overlying neoplasms and non-neoplastic conditions of the large bowel.
      These changes are considered by some investigators to be preneoplastic changes.
      We studied mucosal biopsy specimens obtained at colonoscopy from all sections of
      large bowel in 34 asymptomatic subjects. Every subject had a documented family
      history of colorectal cancer (Cancer Family Syndrome of Lynch); in addition, two
      had previous colorectal cancers and two had cancers diagnosed at the time of
      colonoscopy. Consistent interpretations of mucin species secretion were not
      obtained. Microscopic mucosal abnormalities were not detected. Mucin
      histochemical and histopathologic changes are not promising markers for
      colorectal cancer in the Cancer Family Syndrome of Lynch.

PMID- 4053891
TI  - Anal manometric findings in symptomatic hemorrhoids.
AB  - Anal manometric findings were studied in 50 patients with symptomatic hemorrhoids
      and an equal number of age- and sex-matched control subjects. Manometry was
      performed with a continuously perfused catheter by the continuous pull-through
      technique. Both the control subjects and patients had significant negative
      correlations between age and basal pressure; i.e., basal pressure was lower with
      advancing age. Patients with symptomatic hemorrhoids had significantly higher
      maximal basal pressure (P less than 0.02) and maximal voluntary contraction
      pressure (P less than 0.05) as compared to controls. There was no correlation
      between the anal manometric findings and the degree of hemorrhoids or duration of
      symptoms. Those patients who had bleeding as the predominant symptom had higher
      basal pressures; (P less than 0.05) than those who had prolapsing hemorrhoids as
      the predominant symptom.

PMID- 4053892
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the rectum. Results of radiotherapy and resection, endocavitary
      irradiation, local excision, and preoperative clinical staging.
AB  - The management of rectal cancer in 102 patients at the Jewish Hospital of St.
      Louis is reviewed. Therapy combining external irradiation, endocavitary
      irradiation, local excision, and excisional operation has been used in the
      treatment of adenocarcinoma of the rectum. Pretreatment evaluation for tumor
      fixation, ulceration, palpable presacral lymph nodes, distance of tumor from
      dentate line, size of tumor, and histologic grades was used to assign patients to
      treatment groups. Local recurrence is less than 2 percent, and two-year tumor
      free survival is approximately 87 percent in patients receiving 2000 R or 4500 R
      preoperatively. Pathologic downstaging of tumors was noted more frequently with
      4500 R preoperative irradiation. Endocavitary irradiation appears adequate to
      treat only favorable lesions. Only tumor fixation and histologic grade of the
      tumor notably affected survival. A logical plan for choosing the appropriate
      method of treatment using combined modalities is proposed.

PMID- 4053893
TI  - Anatomic specificity in the diagnosis and treatment of internal rectal prolapse.
AB  - Distal bowel evacuation was studied by cinedefecography in 85 women with
      obstinate constipation, tenesmus, and incomplete evacuation in whom a diagnosis
      of internal rectal intussusception was clinically suspect. Sixty-five patients
      showed radiographic evidence of intussusception--mostly of the distal rectum,
      without rectosacral separation. Patients with distal intussusception who did not
      respond to nonoperative measures were treated by Delorme's transrectal excision
      with excellent results. Internal rectal intussusception is a real and
      demonstrable entity which may be symptomatically disabling and whose
      documentation may be integral to effective and anatomically specific treatment.
      The syndromes of perineal descent, solitary rectal ulcer, levator syndrome and so
      called recurrent hemorrhoids may be diagnostic intermediaries in the evolution of
      internal rectal intussusception.

PMID- 4053894
TI  - Morbidity of internal sphincterotomy for anal fissure and stenosis.
AB  - Internal sphincterotomy is thought by most surgeons to have minimal
      complications. We retrospectively reviewed 306 patients following internal
      sphincterotomy to determine the incidence of any complications. Major
      complications (requiring reoperation) caused by fistula, bleeding, abscess, or
      unhealed wounds occurred in ten patients (3 percent). Minor complications caused
      by pruritus, persistent wound, pain, bleeding, abscess, discharge, urgency,
      impaction, or defects of continence occurred in 110 patients (36 percent).
      Complications were lowest for closed sphincterotomy (20 percent) and highest for
      open sphincterotomy alone (55 percent). All patients were cured of anal fissure
      or stenosis. Long-term follow-up (average 4.3 years) revealed a 22 percent
      incidence of persistent minor complications. Defects in continence caused 15
      percent of total long-term morbidity. Minor complications occur frequently after
      internal sphincterotomy for anal fissure and stenosis. Closed sphincterotomy has
      the lowest complication rate. Long-term minor defects in continence occur in a
      significant number of patients.

PMID- 4053895
TI  - Complications of colostomy closure.
AB  - A series of 126 colostomy closures was analyzed to evaluate factors contributing
      to morbidity. There were no deaths, but there was a 33 percent complication rate.
      Patients with penetrating abdominal trauma and foreign-body rectal perforations
      had fewer serious complications following colostomy closures than patients with
      diverticulitis or cancer. No significant difference was found in the anastomotic
      leak rate, length of surgery or length of hospitalization in patients with
      sutured or stapled anastomoses. Most patients in this series had end colostomies
      that required limited resection and anastomoses. Complication rates were
      comparable with previous series, which consisted predominantly of loop colostomy
      closures. The incidence of surgical complications was not related to the time
      interval between colostomy formation and closure. Timing of closure, however,
      significantly influenced the complication rate in two specific patient groups:
      patients with intraperitoneal colon perforation at the initial procedure when
      closure was performed within four weeks, and patients with surgical complications
      at the time of colostomy creation if they underwent closure within eight weeks.
      Early closures in patients still recovering from colostomy complications were
      associated with the highest incidence of anastomotic leak. Wound infections at
      stoma sites were decreased by leaving the skin open. The average hospitalization
      was 11.1 days for patients without complications, 15.5 days for those with wound
      infection, 18.5 days for patients with ileus, and 20.4 days for patients with
      anastomotic leaks. This study illustrates that the optimal time for colostomy
      closure must be determined on an individual basis. The morbidity can be minimized
      by delaying closure in specific groups of patients for one to two months.
      Delaying closure for an arbitrary time interval in all patients, however, is not
      warranted.

PMID- 4053896
TI  - Long-term results of ileostomy in older patients.
AB  - Surgical alternatives to proctocolectomy and ileostomy appear to be associated
      with poor functional results in older patients. Surprisingly, little has been
      written regarding the long-term results of conventional ileostomy in the elderly.
      Questionnaires were sent to all patients requiring ileostomy between 1966 and
      1980. Six hundred seventy-five patients responded (81 percent). Sixty-seven (10
      percent) of the respondents were 60 years of age or older at the time of surgery.
      In all categories dealing with quality of life assessment, the group of older
      patients fared as well or better than those younger than age 60. Older patients,
      however, reported greater difficulty in daily management of their stomas (P less
      than 0.01). Patients 60 years of age or older tolerate ileostomy well, but care
      of the stoma can cause problems. Occupational and activity restrictions, however,
      are no more prevalent in older patients than in their younger counterparts.

PMID- 4053897
TI  - Small "flat adenoma" of the large bowel with special reference to its
      clinicopathologic features.
AB  - Thirty-three small "flat adenomas," not more than 1 cm in diameter, were
      collected from surgically and colonoscopically removed specimens, and their
      colonoscopic and histologic characteristics were described. There were 14
      adenomas with mild atypia, five with moderate atypia, 14 with severe atypia (or
      focal carcinoma limited to the mucosa). The grade of atypia seems to increase
      with the size of lesions, and these lesions were assumed to play an important
      role in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. The importance of recognizing the
      presence of these small "flat adenomas" in everyday practice is stressed.

PMID- 4053898
TI  - Benign duodenocolic fistula.
AB  - Three cases of benign duodenocolic fistula are presented, and the diagnosis and
      treatment reviewed. Patients with benign duodenocolic fistulas usually complain
      of diarrhea, and occasionally nausea and feculent vomiting. Physical examinations
      are nonspecific, revealing wasting from the chronic diarrhea. Barium enemas are
      usually diagnostic. Therapy consists of excision of the fistula and repair of the
      duodenal and colonic defects.

PMID- 4053899
TI  - Parasacrococcygeal approach for the resection of retrorectal developmental cysts.
AB  - Congenital developmental cysts are the most common retrorectal tumors. Five adult
      patients, two men and three women, with congenital developmental cysts were
      operated on via a posterolateral approach through a parasacrococcygeal incision.
      All wounds healed primarily with no infection or other complications. Recurrent
      perianal infections and repeated anorectal operations suggest the possibility of
      retrorectal growths; thus diagnosis requires physician awareness. Computerized
      tomography is the best preoperative diagnostic test to delineate anatomy and to
      rule out bony involvement. Because of an infection rate of approximately 30
      percent, as well as the presence of symptoms and malignancy in 8 percent of the
      patients, surgical excision is the treatment of choice. The authors use a
      posterolateral approach that provides excellent exposure and obviates the need
      for removal of the coccyx or transection of the sphincter muscle. The authors
      believe this to be the procedure of choice for excision of retrorectal cystic
      lesions.

PMID- 4053900
TI  - Pregnancy following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.
AB  - Of 92 women undergoing proctocolectomy with ileal "J" pouch-anal anastomosis,
      between January 1981 and May 1983, six have successfully conceived and carried a
      pregnancy to term. Three patients had transient deterioration of anorectal
      function during the third trimester of pregnancy which resolved after delivery.
      Four patients delivered vaginally without perceptible alteration in subsequent
      continence. Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is compatible with normal childbearing
      postoperatively. The route of delivery should be individualized in these
      patients.

PMID- 4053901
TI  - Clinical picture and pelvic floor physiology in the solitary rectal ulcer
      syndrome.
AB  - Clinical examination, proctosigmoidoscopy, rectal biopsies, barium enema and
      pelvic floor physiology studies were performed in four patients with solitary
      rectal ulcer syndrome. All patients had chronic constipation and rectal bleeding.
      Resting tone and voluntary contraction were found to be decreased at anal
      manometry in two patients (maximal squeeze pressures were ten and 35 mm Hg,
      respectively). Balloon proctogram showed an increased rectoanal angle in these
      two patients (90 degrees and 93 degrees at rest, unchanged on squeezing) with a
      poor striated sphincter function at EMG; their deficient anal reflex, slight
      fecal incontinence and perineal descent seemed consistent with pudendal
      neuropathy. Fibromuscular obliteration of the lamina propria was found at
      histology. All subjects had successful conservative treatment, including topical
      corticosteroids in one patient; normalization of bowel habit was the most
      effective therapy for the disease. The present study seems to confirm the role of
      chronic constipation and abnormal pelvic floor physiology in the pathogenesis of
      the syndrome.

PMID- 4053902
TI  - Sphincter repair with a Silastic sling for anal incontinence and rectal
      procidentia.
AB  - Sixteen selected patients with rectal procidentia, anal incontinence, or both
      were treated by the insertion of a Dacron impregnated Silastic sling at the Lahey
      Clinic between 1981 and 1984. The indications for operation were incontinence in
      14 patients, procidentia with incontinence in one patient, and procidentia alone
      in one patient. No operative deaths occurred. Immediate complications included
      urinary retention in the three patients and hematoma in one patient. Late
      complications included infection, requiring removal of the Silastic sling in four
      patients; however, two of these patients underwent subsequent successful
      reinsertion of the sling after control of local sepsis. Among patients for whom
      follow-up data were available, satisfaction with the results of this procedure
      were excellent in two patients, good in six, fair in two, and poor in one.
      Sphincter repair with a Silastic sling is a safe, reliable alternative in the
      treatment of selected patients with anal incontinence or rectal procidentia.

PMID- 4053903
TI  - Burn and stricture of the ostomy due to colostomy irrigation. Report of a case.
AB  - A case of burn and stricture of the ostomy subsequent to colostomy irrigation is
      reported. Heretofore, perforation has been the only serious complication noted.
      In this case, it was necessary to reconstruct the ostomy because of the
      development of postburn stricture.

PMID- 4053904
TI  - Ileal adenomas in familial polyposis coli. Differences before and after
      colectomy.
AB  - We treated two patients with familial polyposis coli (FPC) who were found to have
      multiple adenomas in the ileostomy stoma, five and seven years after colectomy,
      respectively. These adenomas were dense and 3 to 10 mm in diameter. The adjacent
      ileal mucosa showed a colonic metaplasia. Ileal adenomas detected using
      intraoperative intestinal endoscopy at the time of colectomy were less than 2 mm
      in diameter and sparse in density. These findings suggest that ileal adenomas
      occurring after colectomy for FPC tend to increase in size and number and to
      resemble colonic adenomas.

PMID- 4053905
TI  - Presidential address. Opportunity, experience, judgment--in changing times.

PMID- 4053906
TI  - Quo vadis?

PMID- 4053907
TI  - Colorectal cancer in familial polyposis coli and ulcerative colitis.
AB  - The records of all patients with familial polyposis coli and ulcerative colitis
      operated at The Mount Sinai Hospital were reviewed to determine the proportion of
      patients with cancer at the time of colon resection. Sixty-nine patients with
      familial polyposis coli undergoing operation between 1947 and 1983 were
      identified and 25 (36 percent) were found to have cancer. In the group with
      ulcerative colitis, 548 patients had surgical treatment between 1957 and 1983 and
      65 (12 percent) had colonic cancer. There was a significant decrease in the
      proportion of patients with familial polyposis coli having cancer at the time of
      colon resection from 50 percent before 1968 to 20 percent since 1978. This change
      in cancer incidence was found to correlate with a decrease in the mean age at
      operation from 40 to 25 years. In the group with ulcerative colitis, the mean age
      at operation has remained essentially unchanged at 36 years. The proportion of
      patients with ulcerative colitis having cancer at the time of colon resection has
      remained constant throughout this study. Progression to carcinoma is still a
      significant concern in both familial polyposis coli and ulcerative colitis.
      Although removal of the colon and rectum prevents cancer development, patient
      selection and timing of the operation remain a difficult problem.

PMID- 4053908
TI  - Extracolonic polyps in familial polyposis coli and Gardner's syndrome.
AB  - Endoscopy and biopsy of the upper gastrointestinal tract and terminal ileum were
      performed in 24 patients with familial polyposis or Gardner's syndrome in order
      to further define the incidence of extracolonic adenomatous polyps. Polyps,
      usually multiple and small in size, were detected in the gastric fundus (12.5
      percent), antrum (29.1 percent), duodenum (66.6 percent), and terminal ileum
      (41.7 percent). Histology showed hyperplasia of the fundic glands and cystic
      dilatation in the polyps of gastric fundus, and adenomas in several cases of
      antral (three patients) or duodenal polyps (14 patients). Polyps of the terminal
      ileum were either adenomas (five patients) or lymphoid aggregates. Patients with
      stigmata of Gardner's syndrome, desmoids or mesenteric fibromatosis presented a
      major incidence of adenomas in the duodenum, but not in other parts of the
      digestive tract investigated. Subsequent checkup after an average of 33 months in
      ten patients revealed an increase of lesions only in the duodenum in two
      patients. These findings confirm that adenomatous polyps are not limited to the
      colon and rectum, as previously believed, but can affect the whole
      gastrointestinal tract. Periodic surveillance of mucosa seems to be indicated,
      especially for the duodenum, since degeneration of adenomas into carcinoma is
      possible.

PMID- 4053909
TI  - The spastic pelvic floor syndrome. A cause of constipation.
AB  - In 12 patients with constipation, it was detected by defecography that, during
      straining, the anorectal angle did not increase, but remained at 90 degrees.
      These patients were unable to excrete barium. Since the anorectal angle is a
      measure of activity of the pelvic floor musculature, a dysfunction of this muscle
      was suspected. In order to determine whether this abnormality represented a true
      functional disorder or just a voluntary contraction of the pelvic floor muscles
      due to embarrassment, we performed electromyographic, manometric, and transit
      time studies in these patients. The electromyographic studies confirmed the
      persistent contraction during defecation straining. Both manometry and
      electromyography revealed normal muscle function at rest and during squeezing.
      Colonic transit time studies demonstrated rectal retention in nine of 12
      patients, indicating outlet obstruction. Persistent contraction of the pelvic
      floor muscles, for which we propose the name "spastic pelvic floor syndrome,"
      represents a functional disorder of normal pelvic floor muscles, causing a
      functional outlet obstruction.

PMID- 4053910
TI  - A conservative approach to adenomas containing invasive carcinoma removed
      colonoscopically.
AB  - A controversy exists as to the correct therapeutic approach to colorectal polyps
      that contain malignancy and are removed colonoscopically. This paper presents our
      experience in the management of such polyps. Between 1977 and 1983, a total of
      117 patients underwent colonoscopic polypectomy for 178 adenomas. Nine adenomas
      from nine patients showed carcinomatous invasion across the line of muscularis
      mucosae. None of these carcinomas was poorly differentiated and in all but two
      cases there was histologic evidence of complete excision. Seven patients whose
      adenomas containing foci of malignant changes were treated by polypectomy alone
      are alive without recurrence at periods from six months to over five years (mean,
      40 months). The two patients in whom endoscopic removal of cancerous adenomas was
      found to be either doubtfully complete or incomplete, had further surgical
      treatment; both are alive and well after one and five years, respectively. Nine
      other patients whose adenomas containing malignant changes were considered
      unsuitable for colonoscopic polypectomy, underwent surgical resection and in none
      was regional lymph node or distant metastases found at laparotomy. In conclusion,
      our results of local endoscopic excision for adenomas containing malignant
      changes suggest a conservative approach to such polyps and this policy is
      supported by the finding that, in none of our operated patients was there any
      evidence of metastatic disease.

PMID- 4053912
TI  - Posterior rectal resection using EEA stapler.

PMID- 4053911
TI  - Carcinoma recti. The predictive value of diagnostic biopsies for histologic
      grading.
AB  - The differentiation of 39 diagnostic biopsies, as determined by histologic
      grading, and that of the corresponding 39 rectal carcinomas were compared. About
      60 percent of grade I tumors were diagnosed by grade I biopsies, while about 90
      percent of grade II and only about 40 percent of grade III tumors were diagnosed
      by grade II and grade III biopsies, respectively. The results indicate caution
      when biopsy grading is used as a guidance to therapy, especially of poorly
      differentiated tumors.

PMID- 4053913
TI  - Fibronectin and Kupffer cell function in fulminant hepatic failure.
AB  - The relationship between plasma fibronectin, in vitro plasma opsonic activity,
      which measures the biological activity of fibronectin, and in vivo Kupffer cell
      function, as assessed by the systemic clearance of microaggregated [125I]albumin,
      were determined simultaneously in 15 patients with fulminant hepatic failure and
      12 normal subjects. Both the plasma fibronectin and plasma opsonic activity were
      significantly reduced in patients with fulminant hepatic failure, while the
      systemic clearance of microaggregated albumin was decreased. There was a
      significant correlation between plasma fibronectin and the plasma opsonic
      activity on admission, but no correlation could be detected between either
      parameter and the clearance of microaggregated albumin. A gelatin-derived plasma
      expander was shown to block the plasma opsonic activity both in vitro and in
      vivo. The low plasma fibronectin and decreased clearance of microaggregated
      albumin in fulminant hepatic failure reflect different aspects of the overall
      impairment of Kupffer cell function.

PMID- 4053914
TI  - Epithelial cell proliferation in human fundic and antral mucosae. Influence of
      superselective vagotomy and relationship with gastritis.
AB  - Epithelial cell proliferation in the fundic and antral mucosae was studied in 19
      duodenal ulcer patients, 11 patients having undergone fundic superselective
      vagotomy for duodenal ulcer, and 10 controls. This was achieved through in vitro
      incorporation of tritiated thymidine in mucosal biopsies and radioautography.
      Except for increased fundic mucosal height, duodenal ulcer patients did not
      differ from controls for all parameters studied. In vagotomized patients, as
      compared to the other two groups, the labeling index was significantly enhanced
      in the innervated antral mucosa where atrophic gastritis developed, but there was
      no change in the labeling index and no worsening of mucosal inflammation in the
      denervated fundic mucosa. The only abnormality in the latter was a striking
      expansion, towards the surface, of the proliferative area within the fundic pit.
      The labeling indices and the degree of gastritis in gastric mucosae are
      significantly correlated in control and duodenal ulcer patients. After
      superselective vagotomy, this correlation still existed in antral mucosa (r =
      0.88, P less than 0.001) but not in fundic mucosa. If findings in antral mucosa,
      after superselective vagotomy, seemed related to gastritis lesions, those in
      fundic mucosa were not and may indicate an alteration due to the vagotomy per se.

PMID- 4053915
TI  - In vivo and in vitro evaluation of magnesium-aluminum hydroxide antacid tablets
      and liquid.
AB  - The effect of magnesium-aluminum hydroxide antacid tablets or liquid on food
      stimulated gastric acidity was evaluated in vivo in eight duodenal ulcer
      patients. Experiments were performed also in vitro. Although in vitro
      neutralizing capabilities of the two preparations were the same (28.3 +/- 0.1
      mmol/liter), the duration of effect of tablets was longer in vivo. For example,
      at 3 3/4 hr after an eaten meal, mean hydrogen ion concentration with three
      tablets was 29.8 +/- 9.9 mmol/liter while with 15 ml liquid it was 59.6 +/- 10.3
      mmol/liter (P less than 0.05). Additional studies were performed in vitro to
      explain the longer duration of effect of tablets compared with liquid in vivo.
      These experiments suggested that tablets reacted more slowly with acid than did
      liquid and that saliva, which was mixed with tablets during chewing, also
      contributed to the prolonged duration of effect.

PMID- 4053916
TI  - Cholesterol esterase activity of human intestinal mucosa.
AB  - It has been suggested that cholesterol absorption in humans is dependent on bile
      acid pool composition and that expansion of the cholic acid pool size is followed
      by an increase of the absorption values. Similar observations were reported in
      rats, where the increase of cholesterol absorption, after trihydroxy bile acid
      feeding, seems to be due to the stimulatory effect of cholic acid on the
      intestinal cholesterol esterase. In the present study, therefore, we investigated
      some general properties of human intestinal cholesterol esterase, with particular
      emphasis to the effect of bile acids on this enzymatic activity. Twenty-nine
      segments of small intestine were taken during operations; the enzymatic activity
      was studied by using mucosal homogenate as a source of enzyme and oleic acid,
      cholesterol, and 14C-labeled cholesterol as substrates. The time-activity
      relationship was linear within the first two hours; optimal pH for esterification
      ranged between 5 and 6.2. There was little difference between the esterifying
      activity of the jejunal and ileal mucosa. Esterification of cholesterol was
      observed with all the investigated fatty acids but was maximal with oleic acid.
      Bile acids did not affect cholesterol esterase activity when present in the
      incubation mixture at 0.1 and 1.0 mM; the enzymatic activity, however, was
      significantly inhibited when bile acids were added at 20 mM. In conclusion, this
      study has shown that the human intestinal mucosa possesses a cholesterol esterase
      activity; at variance with the rat, however, the human enzyme does not seem to be
      stimulated by trihydroxy bile acids. Thus, the stimulatory effect of cholic acid
      on cholesterol absorption induced by the administration of this bile acid does
      not seem to be simply due to changes of cholesterol esterase activity of the
      small bowel mucosa.

PMID- 4053917
TI  - Variations in clinical presentation of patients with esophageal contraction
      abnormalities.
AB  - All patients referred over a one-year period for clinical esophageal manometry
      were asked to carefully characterize their esophageal symptoms on a self-report
      questionnaire. Seventy-five patients (48%) were found to have one or more of four
      contraction abnormalities in the distal esophagus which are thought to be
      associated with esophageal symptoms. Duration of any of the five symptoms sought
      (chest pain, dysphagia for solids, dysphagia for liquids, heartburn,
      regurgitation) varied from two weeks to 28 years (median two years). The
      prevalence of the individual esophageal symptoms was similar for each of the four
      contraction abnormalities. Chest pain was the most common symptom and did not
      vary in prevalence with the cumulative number of manometric abnormalities. In
      contrast, dysphagia for either liquids or solids tended to increase in prevalence
      with manometric severity. The variation in location of reported chest pain and
      dysphagia was remarkable. Although heartburn was reported as a presenting symptom
      by 48%, this symptom was reproduced by acid instillation in less than half of
      those so studied. We conclude that esophageal symptoms are generally poor
      predictors of manometric findings within this group and that variations in
      clinical presentation are common.

PMID- 4053918
TI  - Jejunal mucosal DNA content and maturation. Inverse relation to serum gastrin
      levels in suckling and weanling rats.
AB  - Although pentagastrin has a tropic action on intestinal mucosa in suckling rat
      pups, and at weaning a rise in gastrin levels coincides with maturation of the
      intestinal mucosa, direct correlations of serum gastrin levels and intestinal
      maturation have yet to be made. Ten-day-old rats were subjected either to
      antrectomy to produce a 43% decrease in serum gastrin levels or to fundectomy to
      produce a 319% increase over gastrin levels in rumenectomized or normal animals.
      These changes were not associated with tropic or adaptive changes in jejunal or
      colonic mucosa as determined by jejunal and colonic DNA content, jejunal sucrase
      activity, jejunal villous height, or crypt depths in jejunum and colon at the
      beginning (day 15), middle (day 21), or end (day 27) of the weaning period. To
      the contrary, an inverse relation was found between serum gastrin levels and both
      jejunal mucosal DNA content and sucrase activity as an index of maturation.

PMID- 4053919
TI  - Hyperpigmentation of skin and nails in a patient with intestinal leiomyosarcoma.

PMID- 4053920
TI  - Guillain-Barre-associated diarrhea.

PMID- 4053921
TI  - Pancreatic polypeptide and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

PMID- 4053923
TI  - Current diagnosis and selection of patients for treatment of peptic ulcer
      disease.
AB  - The introduction of fiberoptic endoscopy has altered the relative importance of
      ulcer symptoms in the diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease. Interestingly, we now
      realize that 50% of ulcer patients do not have the classical ulcer symptoms and
      that 25% of peptic ulcers are asymptomatic. Modern forward-viewing endoscopes of
      small diameter enable precise diagnosis with little discomfort in 95% of all
      duodenal ulcer patients. A biopsy is only recommended in rare cases (giant
      ulcers) because the malignancy rate is only 0.024% in duodenal ulcers. The
      diagnostic accuracy of endoscopy in detecting gastric ulcer is as high as that
      for duodenal ulcer, but for this ulcer type it is absolutely necessary to exclude
      malignancy by obtaining a minimum of six biopsies (four from the ulcer margin and
      two from the ulcer base), since approximately 10% of all gastric ulcers are
      actually carcinomas. Whereas in duodenal ulcer repeat endoscopy is seldom
      necessary, it is mandatory in gastric ulcer since ulcer healing is not proof of a
      benign ulcer. In experienced hands endoscopy is superior to radiography in
      duodenal and in gastric ulcer, although there is still a place for radiography as
      a supplementary investigation or if the patient rejects endoscopy. When selecting
      patients for treatment of peptic ulcer the following aspects must be considered:
      natural history of the disease, effectiveness of treatment, and risks and costs
      of treatment. Treatment goals (relief of symptoms, ulcer healing) can be achieved
      as far as the acute ulcer is concerned but as yet we have no evidence that we can
      cure chronic ulcer disease.

PMID- 4053924
TI  - The surgical treatment of peptic ulcer disease. A physician's view.
AB  - Current opinions concerning the surgical treatment of peptic ulcer disease are
      reviewed. Because of the differences between duodenal and gastric ulcers the
      approaches to the surgical treatments of these lesions differ. For duodenal
      ulcers surgery is seldom required when the ulcer craters do not heal or, more
      often, when the disease is not adequately controlled. In these cases the
      preferred treatment is hyperselective vagotomy. However, the relatively high
      level of recurrence some years after hyperselective vagotomy may lead to more
      radical surgery in the future. In contrast to duodenal ulcers, the risk of cancer
      with gastric ulcers, although low and difficult to evaluate, often leads to
      quicker surgical intervention. For gastric ulcers the surgeon faces the difficult
      choice between partial gastrectomy and vagotomy with ulcer excision.

PMID- 4053925
TI  - Peptic ulcer disease.

PMID- 4053922
TI  - The pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease.
AB  - Heterogeneity is the most important consideration in the pathophysiology of
      peptic ulcer disease. Acute ulcers and erosions present clinically with
      gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation. If they heal there is no predictable
      recurrence. Factors concerned with mucosal defense are relatively more important
      than aggressive factors such as acid and pepsin. Local ischemia is the earliest
      recognizable gross lesion. The gastric mucosa is at least as vulnerable as the
      duodenal mucosa and probably more so. Most drug-induced ulcers occur in the
      stomach. Chronic or recurrent true peptic ulcers (penetrating the muscularis
      mucosae) usually present with abdominal pain. Many duodenal ulcer patients report
      that the pain occurs when the stomach is empty or is relieved by food, and
      follows a pattern of relatively long periods of freedom from symptoms between
      recurrences. Approximately 50% of patients experience a recurrence within a year
      if anti-ulcer medication is stopped. In most western countries recurrent duodenal
      ulcer is more common than gastric ulcer. Peptic ulcer disease is also more common
      in men. Recent evidence indicates genetic and familial factors in duodenal ulcer
      and increased acid-pepsin secretion in response to a variety of stimuli. However,
      it is also becoming clear that of all the abnormal functions noted, few are
      present in all subjects and many are clustered in subgroups. In chronic gastric
      ulcer of the corpus, defective defense mechanisms, such as duodenogastric reflux
      and atrophic gastritis, seem to be more important than aggressive factors.
      Nevertheless, antisecretory medications accelerate the healing of such ulcers. It
      remains to be seen whether prostaglandins, mucus secretion, or gastric mucosal
      blood flow are impaired in chronic ulcer disease.

PMID- 4053926
TI  - The gastric mucosal barrier. Component control.
AB  - The 'gastric mucosal barrier' is a descriptive term for the ability of the
      gastric epithelium to hold a large (10(5)) H+ concentration gradient from lumen
      to mucosa under physiological conditions. Compounds which classically have been
      used to describe the functional integrity of the 'barrier', in addition to very
      low H+ diffusion from lumen to mucosa, include low diffusion of Na+ and K+ from
      mucosa to lumen and maintenance of a lumen-negative transmucosal potential
      difference (PD). Na+ appearance in the luminal fluid is a function of active
      transport and diffusion. Fixed charges within diffusion channels with pK values
      greater than or equal to 9, may contribute to maintenance of H+ gradients.
      Luminal application of aspirin, bile salts, and ethanol increases net cationic
      flux and reduces PD. When acidified, these luminal agents produce histological
      and visible damage, yet damage can be produced by parenteral agents without
      concomitant change in these components. Although no anatomical 'barrier' has been
      described, it has been suggested that the gel mucus and epithelial phospholipids
      are constituents. Exogenous administration of a variety of prostanoids attenuate
      the change in cationic flux and PD produced by those agents in both animals and
      humans. The role of endogenous prostaglandins in barrier integrity has been
      questioned since it has been shown that salicylic acid produces permeability
      changes which are equal to aspirin, yet the former does not inhibit
      cyclooxygenase while the latter does. The gastric mucosal barrier is
      physiologically important because, by whatever mechanism, H+ back-diffusion is
      kept to a minimum under physiological conditions.

PMID- 4053927
TI  - Gastric blood flow and the gastric mucosal barrier.
AB  - The basic mechanisms underlying cytoprotection of gastrointestinal mucosae
      against damage are not understood. One hypothesis is that the initial and primary
      system affected by a cytoprotective agent is the local circulation of the tissue
      that is being protected. According to this circulatory hypothesis, a
      cytoprotective prostaglandin would increase gastric mucosal blood flow, thereby
      ameliorating the effect of topical damaging agents, such as ethanol, aspirin or
      bile salts. Four questions need to be considered in order to evaluate the
      circulatory hypothesis: (i) What degree of ischemia is necessary to break the
      gastric mucosal barrier? (ii) Is peptic ulcer disease due to local ischemia of
      the mucosa? (iii) Do mucosal damaging agents invariably reduce gastric blood
      flow? (iv) Do cytoprotective agents invariably increase gastric blood flow? A
      survey of available literature concerning blood flow and damage to the gastric
      mucosa suggests that: (i) severe degrees of gastric ischemia are necessary to
      impair vital functions of the epithelial cells of the stomach; (ii) peptic ulcer
      disease is not a manifestation of isolated gastric ischemia; (iii) mucosal
      damaging agents do not invariably reduce gastric blood flow; and (iv)
      cytoprotective drugs do not invariably increase gastric mucosal blood flow. The
      weight of available evidence does not support the circulatory hypothesis about
      the mechanism of cytoprotection.

PMID- 4053928
TI  - Overview of clinical cytoprotection.

PMID- 4053929
TI  - Ultrastructural effects of ulcerogens.
AB  - Agents such as ethanol, aspirin, bile acids, and hypertonic urea and glucose, are
      capable of breaking the physiological gastric mucosal barrier and may cause
      ultrastructural injury to the epithelial cells within several minutes of
      exposure. Ethanol at any pH, and aspirin and bile acids at acid pH, are lipid
      soluble and diffuse rapidly into surface epithelial cells where a sequence of
      injury can be documented by electron microscopy. First, the nuclear chromatin
      becomes clumped and the density of the cytoplasmic ground substance decreases.
      Second, mitochondria become swollen and the apical cell membrane is distorted.
      Finally, the apical cell membrane ruptures and the cell disintegrates. Throughout
      this sequence, the tight junctions between cells appear morphologically intact.
      In contrast to lipid soluble agents, hypertonic urea and glucose do not diffuse
      well into surface epithelial cells. Although these agents also cause rapid
      changes in transmucosal potential difference and ion fluxes, their
      ultrastructural effects are quite different. Hypertonic urea and glucose
      initially cause small blebs within the tight junctions and larger vacuoles within
      the cytoplasm of surface epithelial cells, while the remainder of the cell
      structure appears normal. More severe injury is characterized by more
      vacuolization and eventual disruption of epithelial cells. These changes
      presumably are secondary to osmotic shifts of fluid and electrolytes. Although
      the 'cytoprotective' effects of prostaglandins have been well described, there is
      virtually no information at the ultrastructural level concerning the protective
      effects of prostaglandins with regard to these ulcerogenic agents.

PMID- 4053930
TI  - Prediction of the relative blood glucose response of mixed meals using the white
      bread glycemic index.
AB  - Unexpected plasma glucose responses to different mixed meals fed to normal and
      diabetic volunteers have recently been reported. We have therefore examined in
      normal volunteers the effect of mixing carbohydrate foods of different glycemic
      indices (GIs) without the addition of fat and protein. The observed GI of the
      mixed meal was within 2% of the expected value. In studies in the literature
      where fat and protein were added to mixed meals, the observed blood glucose
      responses also related significantly to the meal GIs calculated from the
      individual foods. Addition of fat and protein in the quantities used did not
      obscure this relationship. Studies to determine sources of error in comparing
      glycemic responses showed that type II diabetic patients displayed the least
      within-individual variation, and type I diabetic patients the most. Expression of
      results as the GI rather than as absolute glycemic response areas reduced by 50%
      the between-subject variation. The mean GI values of rice tested in type I and
      type II patients were similar (82 +/- 22 compared with 74 +/- 19) and the
      reproducibility 22 mo later in the same group of subjects was excellent (81 +/-
      15 compared with 83 +/- 15). However, the lack of precise GI values for all foods
      fed in the test meals indicates a need for GI values to be derived for a wider
      range of individual foodstuffs. The GI approach to classifying foods according to
      physiologic effect may play a useful role in planning meals and diets in which
      specific blood glucose profiles are required.

PMID- 4053931
TI  - Compliance to self-monitoring of blood glucose: a marked-item technique compared
      with self-report.
AB  - This study compared subjects' self-reported rates of compliance to self
      monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) with an objective measure based on a "marked
      item" technique. We followed 25 obese patients with type II diabetes who were
      participating in a behavorial weight control program and monitoring their blood
      glucose with Chemstrips bG (Bio-Dynamics, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana). Subjects'
      self-report significantly overestimated actual compliance as assessed by the
      marked-item technique. Moreover, the self-report measure failed to identify 35
      45% of the noncompliant patients. Compliance decreased steadily over the course
      of the 37-wk program. Accuracy of SMBG was less problematic than compliance; 85%
      of patients were able to read Chemstrips bG within 20% of actual blood sugar, and
      the average blood sugar reading obtained from 2 mo of SMBG correlated highly (r =
      0.78, P less than 0.01) with HbA1. Our data suggest that objective measures such
      as the marked-item technique described in this article should be used to assess
      compliance to SMBG and behavioral strategies to improve compliance should be
      developed.

PMID- 4053932
TI  - Effects of exercise training on insulin sensitivity in adolescents with type I
      diabetes.
AB  - We investigated the influence of a program of exercise training consisting of
      three weekly sessions, each 45 min long, for 12 wk, on indices of physical
      fitness, glycemic control, and insulin sensitivity in nine adolescents with type
      I diabetes; six age-matched adolescents with diabetes of equivalent duration
      served as nonexercised controls. All subjects were instructed not to change dialy
      insulin dose or caloric intake. In the exercised group, maximal oxygen uptake
      during graded cycle ergometry to volitional exhaustion increased by 9 +/- 2.7% (P
      less than 0.01) and lean body mass increased by 4 +/- 1.8% (P less than 0.05).
      Insulin sensitivity, assessed via the euglycemic clamp technique at insulin
      infusion rates of 100 mU/M2/min, showed an increase of insulin-mediated glucose
      disposal from 274 +/- 33 to 338 +/- 28 mg/M2/min, representing an increase in
      insulin sensitivity of 23 +/- 5% (P less than 0.01). None of these indices
      changed in the control group. Despite increased insulin sensitivity,
      glycohemoglobin levels remained at 12 +/- 1% before and after the 12 wk of
      exercise training, indicating no improvement in overall glycemic control. No
      increase in hypoglycemic reactions was reported in either group. We conclude that
      exercise training may be a valuable adjunct in managing type I diabetes providing
      there is concomitant attention to diet and insulin. Exercise training alone,
      however, does not improve glycemic control, although it improves physical fitness
      and insulin sensitivity.

PMID- 4053933
TI  - Effect of exercise on urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity and
      albumin excretion in children with type I diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), a proximal tubule lysosomal
      enzyme, has been used as an indicator of subtle renal injury. Since it has been
      positively and significantly correlated with hemoglobin A1c and microalbuminuria,
      it has been suggested that this enzyme may also reflect metabolic control.
      Albumin excretion is exacerbated in adult diabetic individuals during exercise;
      such exercise-induced albuminuria may be a forerunner of diabetic nephropathy.
      Metabolic control, degree of exertion, and duration of diabetes have been
      suggested to influence this increase in albuminuria during exercise. Studies of
      children are few and have produced inconsistent results. Thus we studied 28
      insulin-dependent diabetic children ranging in age from 5 yr to 16 yr and 27 age
      matched controls using treadmill exercise; two exercise periods consisting of (1)
      graded increases in speed and grade at 3-min intervals until exhaustion and (2) a
      constant speed and grade necessary to produce 2/3-3/4 maximal heart rate for 30
      min were performed. Capillary blood glucose, urinary NAG/creatinine (cr) ratios
      (UNAG/Ucr) and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (Ualb/Ucr) were measured before
      and after each exercise period; hemoglobin A1c was also measured. The latter
      averaged 11.8 +/- 0.6% (mean +/- SEM); contrary to previous studies, this was not
      correlated with pre- or postexercise UNAG/Ucr. During both exercise periods,
      blood glucose dropped 271 +/- 19 mg/dl to 213 +/- 21 mg/dl (period 1) and 230 +/-
      22 mg/dl to 157 +/- 21 mg/dl (period 2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4053934
TI  - Effect of normoglycemia before conception on early pregnancy hormone profiles.
AB  - Insulin-dependent diabetic women have been shown to have subnormal hormone levels
      in the first trimester of pregnancy. To determine whether these abnormalities
      were the result of poor diabetes control, testosterone, androstenedione, human
      chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and prolactin were studied longitudinally in
      diabetic women made normoglycemic before conception (N = 11) and normal (N = 6)
      control subjects beginning at the fifth week of gestation. HCG levels rose
      normally in all 11 diabetic and six control subjects and then declined as
      expected, with peak levels between 8 and 12 wk of gestation. Prolactin levels
      similarly rose significantly (P less than 0.00001) during the period studied.
      Plasma androstenedione did not increase during the course of this study, but
      testosterone levels increased significantly (P = 0.0001). Androgen levels were
      consistently higher in diabetic subjects despite the normoglycemic state,
      although the differences reached statistical significance at only one point. This
      study demonstrates that when normoglycemia is achieved before conception, HCG and
      prolactin are normal at 5 wk after the last menstrual period. The possibility
      that androgen levels may be higher in insulin-requiring diabetic women, perhaps
      due to peripheral hyperinsulinemia, should be explored.

PMID- 4053935
TI  - Self-reported data: reliability and role in determining program effectiveness.
AB  - This study was conducted to assess the reliability of self-reported
      hospitalization data, as well as the appropriateness of using self-reported data
      in evaluating the effectiveness of the Maine Ambulatory Diabetes Education and
      Follow-Up (ADEF) program. A Maine Blue Cross/Blue Shield (BC/BS) inpatient claims
      file was used as the reference source to verify self-reported hospitalization
      data. For a sample of 99 BC/BS subscribers who attended the ADEF program, 77% of
      the study participants accurately self-reported hospitalization patterns over a
      12-mo time period before attending the education program, and 81% of the
      participants accurately self-reported hospitalization patterns during a
      posteducation follow-up time period. The reference BC/BS claims data documented a
      reduction in hospitalizations for the study participants similar to that reported
      using the ADEF self-reported hospitalization data. The Maine Diabetes Control
      Project used the self-reported hospitalization data in combination with selected
      reference claims data to secure third-party reimbursement for the Maine ADEF
      Program.

PMID- 4053936
TI  - The value of cardiovascular autonomic function tests: 10 years experience in
      diabetes.
AB  - Five simple, noninvasive cardiovascular reflex tests have been used to assess
      autonomic function in one center over the past 10 yr. Seven hundred seventy-four
      diabetic subjects were tested for diagnostic and research purposes. In 543
      subjects completing all five tests, abnormalities of heart rate tests occurred in
      40%, while abnormal blood pressure tests occurred in less than 20%. Their results
      were grouped as normal (39%), early (15%), definite (18%), and severe (22%)
      involvement. Six percent had an atypical pattern of results. Two hundred thirty
      seven diabetic subjects had the tests repeated greater than or equal to 3 mo
      apart: 26% worsened, 71% were unchanged, and only 3% improved. The worsening
      followed a sequential pattern with first heart rate and later additional blood
      pressure abnormalities. Comparison between a single test (heart rate response to
      deep breathing) and the full battery in 360 subjects showed that one test alone
      does not distinguish the degree or severity of autonomic damage. These tests
      provide a useful framework to assess autonomic neuropathy simply, quickly, and
      noninvasively.

PMID- 4053937
TI  - The treatment of urinary tract infections in women with diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Forty-five women with diabetes mellitus and urinary tract infections have been
      followed an average of 34 mo on treatment protocols based on localization of
      infection as determined by the presence or absence of antibody-coated bacteria
      (ACB). Treatment was usually, but not exclusively, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
      Two weeks of oral therapy was equally efficacious to 6 wk of treatment in
      asymptomatic women with antibody-coated bacteria (ACB)-positive infection in
      eradicating bacteriuria. Recurrences in all groups were predominantly
      reinfections with differing serotypes or species of microorganisms. The sustained
      remission rate (fractional extraction) after initial treatment was similar to
      other reported groups, but possibly less efficacious with recurrences.
      Suppressive therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for repeated recurrences
      effectively prevented infection but provided no posttreatment benefit. A high
      prevalence of underlying structural genitourinary tract abnormalities, usually
      detectable on pelvic examination, and which were not direct consequences of
      diabetes mellitus, were possible contributing factors to recurrent infection in
      this patient group. Progressive elevation in serum creatinine in seven patients
      with initial ACB-positive infections appeared to relate more closely to diabetic
      nephropathy rather than chronic pyelonephritis. ACB-positivity correlated well
      with elevated serum antibody titers and the presence of underlying anatomic
      abnormalities, but ACB categorization did not lead to improved therapeutic
      strategy or outcome and hence was of limited clinical usefulness.

PMID- 4053938
TI  - Periarthritis: another duration-related complication of diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The association between periarthritis of the shoulder and diabetes mellitus is
      well recognized. A study of 100 hospitalized patients with diabetes was
      performed, comparing them with 100 control subjects. The mean +/- SEM age of the
      subjects was 47 +/- 2 yr. Nineteen percent of the patients with diabetes had
      periarthritis. The afflicted subjects had a higher incidence of retinopathy (P
      less than 0.005) and albuminuria (P less than 0.005). The duration of shoulder
      pain correlated with the duration of the diabetes mellitus (P less than 0.001).
      However, the presence of other complications in subjects with periarthritis was
      not as well correlated with the duration of the diabetes mellitus. These data
      emphasize the common occurrence of periarthritis in subjects with diabetes
      mellitus and its extension to people of diverse backgrounds.

PMID- 4053940
TI  - Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. American Diabetes Association.
AB  - Use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion requires continuing available
      care by skilled professionals, careful selection of patients, meticulous patient
      monitoring, and provisions for recording and reporting experiences. Insulin pumps
      prescribed by a physician within these guidelines are a part of treatment and
      should be covered by usual payment mechanisms.

PMID- 4053939
TI  - Self-monitoring of blood glucose. American Diabetes Association.
AB  - Self-monitoring of blood glucose is an increasingly used adjunct to diabetes
      care. Meticulous technique for visual comparisons and reflectance meters are
      mandatory. The data collected in this manner must be used for therapeutic
      decisions if SMBG is to aid the person with diabetes. Self-monitoring of blood
      glucose, if prescribed by the physician, becomes part of routine clinical
      treatment for insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes and therefore
      should be paid by the usual payment mechanisms.

PMID- 4053941
TI  - Test strip comparison: Visidex and Chemstrip.

PMID- 4053942
TI  - Critique of a recent Chemstrip bG/Visidex comparison study.

PMID- 4053943
TI  - Diabetic complications.

PMID- 4053944
TI  - Intensive treatment of diabetes during pregnancy.

PMID- 4053945
TI  - Two tips for care of diabetic feet.

PMID- 4053946
TI  - An enzyme immunoassay to detect microalbuminuria in diabetic patients.

PMID- 4053947
TI  - Amitriptyline treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy: an inadvertent single
      patient clinical trial.

PMID- 4053948
TI  - Geographic differences in the risk of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the
      importance of registries.
AB  - There are marked geographic differences in the incidence of insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus (IDDM); for example, children in countries such as Finland are
      over 35 times more likely to develop IDDM than children in Japan. An
      understanding of the reasons for the geographic differences is likely to be
      important for understanding and, hopefully, preventing IDDM. There are problems,
      however, because of the lack of registries with adequate standardization. The
      major needs for the future studies include (1) to clarify the definition of IDDM
      for epidemiologic study, (2) to establish a standardized approach for IDDM
      registries, (3) to use registries to evaluate viral, immunologic, and genetic
      differences in order to explain differential risks across populations, and (4) to
      encourage the development of new population-based registries worldwide.

PMID- 4053949
TI  - A comparison of the epidemiology of youth-onset insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus between Japan and the United States (Allegheny County, Pennsylvania).
AB  - Children in the United States are almost 20 times more likely to develop insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) than children in Japan. Little is known about
      the differences between the two countries that might account for this very large
      difference in risk. The current research compared the characteristics of IDDM in
      Japan with those of the United States (Allegheny County, Pennsylvania).
      Seasonality, relationship to socioeconomic status, and age at onset were similar.
      There was some suggestion of a sex difference. Of interest was that reported
      recent infections at onset were much higher in the United States. In addition,
      the risk to first-degree relatives in Japan appeared to be somewhat lower than in
      the United States, although this may have been the result of differences in
      ascertainment. These results are discussed in relation to potential factors that
      might account for the major incidence differences.

PMID- 4053950
TI  - The incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Israeli children and
      adolescents 0-20 years of age: a retrospective study, 1975-1980.
AB  - A survey of the entire population of Israel revealed 392 newly diagnosed type I
      diabetic children and adolescents aged 0-20 for the period of 1975-80. The mean
      annual age specific incidence of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus was
      3.8/10(5) for the age group 0-14 yr and 4.2/10(5) for the age group 0-20 yr. The
      incidence among the Jews of Ashkenazi origin was 6.8 X 10(5) and that for Jews of
      non-Ashkenazi origin was 4.3 X 10(5), whereas that for the Arabs was 1.2 X 10(5).
      The overall incidence is lower than that reported for similar populations in most
      European countries, the USA, Canada, and New Zealand; similar to that reported
      for Arabs in Kuwait; and higher than only that found in Japan. The relative
      importance of environmental and genetic factors in the interpopulation
      differences in incidence of type I diabetes remains to be established.

PMID- 4053951
TI  - Thyroid, gastric, and adrenal autoimmunities associated with insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Thyroid microsomal, gastric parietal, and adrenocortical autoantibodies were
      sought in 1456 Caucasian and 240 black patients with insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus (IDDM), in 1467 of the Caucasian patients' immediate family members, and
      in 1519 normal Caucasian control subjects. Positive clinical significances and
      predictive values of these autoantibodies for associated gland dysfunctions were
      found. In all groups, thyroid and gastric autoantibodies were more common in
      female subjects. In the control group, thyroid and gastric autoantibodies were
      more frequent with advancing age, affecting more than one-third of Caucasian
      women after age 60 yr. This age-augmented increase occurred very prematurely in
      patients with IDDM and their relatives. Among the patients with IDDM and thyroid
      and gastric autoantibodies, these autoantibodies appeared by the time of onset of
      IDDM in the large majority of cases; however, they were more common among
      patients with later ages of onset of IDDM. Occurrence of thyroid and gastric
      autoantibodies in 404 siblings of patients with IDDM was not affected by their
      degree of HLA-haplotype sharing with their diabetic sibling, suggesting that the
      inherited predisposition to thyroid and gastric autoimmunity is not HLA-related.
      In light of this, the increased frequencies of these antibodies in patients with
      IDDM and their relatives suggest that "thyroid and gastric autoimmunity genes"
      may also predispose to IDDM.

PMID- 4053952
TI  - The development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus among relatives.
AB  - Relatives of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) carry an
      increased risk of developing IDDM. A number of studies that focus on the
      development of IDDM in such relatives, and the metabolic, immunologic, and viral
      factors involved are reviewed. These studies indicate that the destructive
      process in the beta-cells goes on for varying and often extended periods before
      the development of clinical disease. Thus, the events surrounding the time of
      clinical diagnosis may be of importance only as triggering mechanisms. Future
      studies may, therefore, be better directed toward long-term surveillance of the
      metabolic, viral, and immunologic status of first-degree relatives of IDDM
      subjects and the associations of these factors with genetic influences such as
      HLA-DR types or subtypes.

PMID- 4053953
TI  - Recommendations from the International Workshop on the Epidemiology of Insulin
      Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania October 1983.
AB  - The workshop resulted in 23 recommendations that represent major areas of needed
      epidemiologic research focused on IDDM. They are subdivided here according to the
      four conference sessions. Each recommendation is followed by a brief rationale.
      All recommendations are considered to be high priority, and are not ranked
      relative to one another.

PMID- 4053954
TI  - The Pittsburgh Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) Morbidity and Mortality
      Study: case-control analyses of risk factors for mortality.
AB  - Although children with IDDM are at a sevenfold increased risk of dying when
      compared with nondiabetic individuals of the same age, the factors associated
      with the excess in mortality remain unclear. To investigate potential
      determinants of mortality among IDDM patients, a case-control study was
      conducted. These retrospectively obtained data indicated that shorter relative
      height at onset, frequent diabetes-related readmissions, the presence of diabetes
      complications, a family history of diabetes, premature familial mortality, no
      participation in school team sports, and a lower level of education were related
      to subsequent mortality among males. Among females, however, a shorter duration
      of diabetes clinic attendance and the presence of diabetes complications were the
      only significant associations to mortality.

PMID- 4053955
TI  - Precipitants of hospitalization in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM): a
      statewide perspective.
AB  - A statewide insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) registry is used to
      identify and epidemiologically characterize patients admitted to Rhode Island's
      hospitals. Physician interviews and record reviews are obtained to ascertain
      reasons for hospitalization. Poor diabetes control (noncompliance with
      diet/medication) and infection accounted for 44-54% of hospital admissions among
      691 known diabetic patients; these patients were readmitted more often (65%)
      compared with new-onset patients (46%) during a 3-yr follow-up of hospitalization
      patterns. An outpatient diabetic education program was successful in reducing the
      number of persons hospitalized (P = 0.04) and the number of hospitalizations for
      participants (P = 0.01) when comparisons of hospital admissions before and after
      the program were made. Potential cost savings for persons with IDDM over the 4 yr
      of the study are estimated at $674,400.00.

PMID- 4053956
TI  - Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease.
AB  - A review of case series of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
      (IDDM) shows an excess frequency of cardiovascular death and probably myocardial
      infarction. The excess risk is not well quantitated, not clearly associated with
      poor control of hyperglycemia, and probably not explained by conventional heart
      disease risk factors. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are not
      consistently lower in patients with diabetes than in those without diabetes. The
      relationship of described abnormalities of the coagulation system in diabetes to
      cardiovascular disease is unknown. Physiologic and pathologic abnormalities are
      seen in some younger patients without macrovascular disease, but their importance
      in relation to the excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is obscure.

PMID- 4053957
TI  - A population-based study of diabetic retinopathy in insulin-using patients
      diagnosed before 30 years of age.
AB  - In a population-based study of the prevalence and severity of diabetic
      retinopathy in southern Wisconsin, 1210 insulin-taking persons who were diagnosed
      to have diabetes before 30 yr of age and who were receiving primary medical care
      in the area were identified in 1979-80. From 1980 to 1982, 996 patients were
      examined. Fundus photographs revealed that 72% of diabetic women and 69% of
      diabetic men had retinopathy. More men (12%) than women (7%) had severe
      proliferative retinopathy. Longer duration of diabetes, higher glycosylated
      hemoglobin, older age at examination, higher diastolic blood pressure, male
      gender, and presence of proteinuria all contributed significantly to describing
      increasing severity of retinopathy.

PMID- 4053958
TI  - Epidemiologic and public health aspects of insulin-treated diabetes in Denmark.
AB  - The epidemiology, mortality, and use of hospital services of insulin-treated
      diabetes mellitus have been studied in Fyn County, Denmark (450,000 inhabitants).
      The overall prevalence rate was 3.6 and 3.3 per 1000 for men and women,
      respectively, and overall annual incidence rates have been estimated to be 15 and
      11 per 100,000, respectively. Based on a mortality analysis, it is estimated that
      the overall mortality rate in this patient population is 4-5% per year. During
      follow-up, hospital admission rates were estimated to be 0.47 and 0.53 per
      patient person-yr for men and women, respectively; corresponding values for
      estimated number of hospital bed days used by the patients were 7.2 and 9.6 per
      person-yr. Only 26% of the patients (74% in the age class 0-9 yr) attended a
      diabetes outpatient clinic at the prevalence date (1 July 1973); the remaining
      patients were supervised by their general practitioner. Based on these figures,
      an epidemiologic model for insulin-treated diabetes has been formulated, and it
      is concluded that this disease represents a major public health problem.

PMID- 4053959
TI  - Epidemiologic approaches to the identification of problems in diabetes care.
AB  - We conducted two epidemiologic studies in Washington state to identify remediable
      problems in health care for persons with diabetes. In one study, mortality among
      persons with diabetes under the age of 45 was found to be 8 times higher than
      that in nondiabetic individuals of the same age. One-third of the deaths may have
      been preventable; problems in access to care may have contributed to premature
      mortality for some of these cases. The second investigation found that in
      counties with high hospital admission rates for diabetes, medical care may have
      been suboptimal. In these counties there was greater likelihood of
      hospitalization for mild metabolic problems, and less vigorous diagnostic and
      therapeutic management of hospitalized patients with similar case urgency.
      Population-based epidemiologic studies can identify health care problems and help
      focus interventions to improve diabetes care.

PMID- 4053960
TI  - The community ecology of diabetes patient classification and practice
      characteristics.
AB  - We examined the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of diabetic subjects
      ascertained from five different sources (hospital, private practice, specialist
      practice, nursing home, and prevalence survey) in a medium-sized upstate New York
      community. Patients were categorized using the National Diabetes Data Group
      classification (based on weight and insulin requirement) and using an alternative
      clinical classification scheme based on age at onset and insulin use. Both
      classifications demonstrate marked differences in the distribution of diabetic
      subjects. Those seen in general medical practice reflect the prevalent population
      and tend to have fewer complications and less insulin requirement. Those seen in
      specialist practice or in hospital have higher complication frequencies. Thus,
      the source of patients may determine the epidemiologic picture of the disease, as
      well as the practitioners' perceptions. Use of the clinical classification scheme
      helps to identify a subgroup of diabetic subjects--those with onset past the age
      of 25 yr who use insulin--at greatest risk of complications. Further
      investigation of high-risk groups is warranted, particularly for the
      implementation and evaluation of diabetes control programs.

PMID- 4053961
TI  - Medical care patterns at the onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus:
      association with severity and subsequent complications.
AB  - The hospitalization of a child at the onset of insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus (IDDM) has become routine in many parts of the world, although
      controversy exists about its necessity. We examined the patterns of medical care
      use and the prognosis for acute complications after diagnosis for children with
      newly diagnosed IDDM in Colorado from 1978 to 1982. We reasoned that if children
      cared for entirely in outpatient settings at diagnosis had no more frequent acute
      complications after diagnosis than hospitalized children, we would be encouraged
      to further explore other potential benefits of outpatient care at onset. Twelve
      percent of 305 children studied statewide received only outpatient care during
      the first 2 wk after diagnosis, and, prognostically, their subsequent
      hospitalization and ketoacidosis rates were 2-3.7 times lower than those of
      children who received any inpatient care. No differences were noted for severe
      insulin reaction rates. Children classified as "severe" at onset, or with parents
      of lower education and income, or aged 10-14 yr at onset, regardless of care
      setting, had 2-4 times higher subsequent acute complication rates after onset
      than children without these characteristics. These findings, together with data
      on nights hospitalized and average length of stay in hospital at onset, suggest
      that a 42% reduction in total nights hospitalized could occur if children with
      "mild" or "normal" severity at onset were treated largely in the outpatient
      setting.

PMID- 4053962
TI  - Pattern-evoked cortical potentials and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in
      total and partial agenesis of the corpus callosum.
AB  - We have examined two cases of agenesis of the corpus callosum without any
      associated abnormalities. They were accidentally detected in X-ray-computed
      tomography. Total agenesis of the corpus callosum could be differentiated by
      nuclear magnetic resonance imaging from partial agenesis. They had moderately
      depressed stereopsis. Visually evoked cortical potentials to pattern stimuli
      showed abnormal findings in binocular viewing, and VECP equi-potential maps were
      similar to those of normal controls.

PMID- 4053963
TI  - [Amplification of the transcription-active DNA sequence in the human brain].

PMID- 4053964
TI  - [Difference in the muscarinolytic activity of antagonists in relation to the
      muscarinic cholinoreceptors of various organs in one species of animal].

PMID- 4053965
TI  - [Cholesterol metabolism in the blood cells of irradiated rats].

PMID- 4053966
TI  - [Triiodothyronine interaction with liver nuclear matrix proteins of rats].

PMID- 4053967
TI  - [Excitability of the brain and the capacity for solving an extrapolation task].

PMID- 4053968
TI  - The psychological benefits of moderate alcohol consumption: a review of the
      literature.
AB  - A review of the literature on the positive psychological benefits of light and
      moderate alcohol consumption suggests the following: (1) Alcohol in moderate
      amounts is effective in reducing stress. This has been found in both physiologic
      and self-report measures. (2) Low and moderate doses of alcohol have been
      reported to increase overall affective expression, happiness, euphoria,
      conviviality and pleasant and carefree feelings. Tension, depression and self
      consciousness have been reported to decrease with equal doses. (3) Low alcohol
      doses have been found to improve certain types of cognitive performance. Included
      here are problem-solving and short-term memory. (4) Heavy drinkers and abstainers
      have higher rates of clinical depression than do regular moderate drinkers. (5)
      Alcohol in low and moderate doses has been effective in the treatment of
      geropsychiatric problems. As indicated in the text, results from many of the
      studies reviewed suggest that light or moderate drinking may be beneficial to
      psychological well-being. Liber (N. Engl. J. Med., 310(13) (1984) 846) has
      commented that the subject of control of alcohol intake evokes strong emotional
      responses, which can overshadow a logical assessment of whether or not to include
      'healthy' drinking in a dietary plan. It is hoped that this review of data from
      available research can help provide a basis for making such an assessment.

PMID- 4053969
TI  - Attitudes of Nigerian medical students towards use and abuse of tobacco, alcohol
      and drugs.
AB  - The questionnaire devised by WHO as a standardized instrument for use across
      cultures, and modified to suit an African culture, was completed by 104 clinical
      medical students (male and female) selected at random. After statistical
      analysis, the results were discussed regarding attitudes (approval/disapproval);
      perceived availability; social connotation; perceived harmfulness; perceived
      problems; perceived parental norms; religion; and exposure to use. A significant
      finding was that 78% of the medical students disapprove of people using all the
      listed drugs, 11% disapprove slightly and only 11% do not disapprove.

PMID- 4053970
TI  - The drug problem in the Federal Republic of Germany.
AB  - The new 'Betaubungsmittelgesetz' (Narcotic drugs law) of the Federal Republic of
      Germany is analyzed from the viewpoint of punishment vs. treatment.

PMID- 4053971
TI  - Interaction of ethanol with 111In-labelled membranes: evaluation by the perturbed
      angular correlation-sum peak ratio method.
AB  - The interaction of ethanol with erythrocyte ghosts and vesicles composed of brain
      lipid extracts labelled with indium-111 was studied using the sum peak ratio
      method of perturbed angular correlation measurements. Membranes from animals that
      were fed diets containing ethanol for 10 days demonstrated resistance to the
      decrease in sum peak ratio values observed in control animals. Thus, repeated
      administration of ethanol induces changes in the properties of biological
      membranes, possibly by altering phospholipid composition, which is reflected in
      the anisotropy of membrane-associated 111In-labelled nuclei as measured by sum
      peak ratios.

PMID- 4053972
TI  - The under-reporting of alcohol use: the role of organic mental syndromes.
AB  - The under-reporting of alcohol use has been viewed as the consequence of
      alcoholic denial. Alcoholic denial has been conceptualized as an unconscious ego
      defense. In this paper the authors present data suggesting that the under
      reporting of alcohol use may be, in certain cases, the result of the influence of
      the organic mental syndromes commonly associated with alcoholism.

PMID- 4053973
TI  - Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis of heroin addicts.
AB  - The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis of heroin addicts was investigated by
      evaluating plasma cortisol levels throughout the day in 37 heroin abusers (HA),
      17 of whom showed detectable morphine levels, indicating heroin administration in
      the previous hours and in 12 controls. All HA showed lower cortisol levels in
      basal condition (100.7 +/- 61.7 ng/ml, M +/- S.D.) compared to the control group
      (159.7 +/- 40.6, P less than 0.05). Moreover all HA (65.1 +/- 28.9%), and in
      particular those taking heroin during the study (39.1 +/- 41.4%), show a reduced
      cortisol decrease in the evening, which was significantly lower than in controls
      (85.3 +/- 10.1%; P less than 0.01). As far as the acute effects of opiates are
      concerned morphine (0.1 mg/kg) significantly reduced plasma cortisol levels
      within 60 min in a group of 8 healthy subjects. The same pattern was displayed by
      only 3/8 HA whose morphine levels were higher than 1 ng/ml, i.e. in those
      reaching the highest plasma morphine concentrations. These data indicate that
      chronic opiate abuse leads to a hypoadrenalism which could be the result of
      morphine-induced changes at the hypothalamic level.

PMID- 4053974
TI  - Diverging trends in youthful and adult alcohol consumption: a result of
      preventive programs?
AB  - After a long period of rising alcohol consumption in Ontario there was a
      stabilization in the years 1975-1980 and a slight reduction after 1977. Surveys
      of alcohol use among adults and students indicate diverging trends. Alcohol
      consumption stabilized for adults between 1977 and 1983. However, for students
      there were reductions in the proportions of drinkers, especially frequent
      drinkers and heavy drinkers. Several changes especially affecting young people
      are expected to account for the differences. The drinking age was increased in
      1979 and alcohol education has been developed and expanded in Ontario schools.

PMID- 4053975
TI  - Effects of chronic treatment with diazepam, phenobarbital, or amphetamine on
      naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal.
AB  - The present study examines the severity of naloxone-precipitated opiate
      withdrawal in morphine-pelleted rats and mice. Animals were chronically
      pretreated with either saline, diazepam, phenobarbital or amphetamine for 8 days
      prior to withdrawal precipitation. Indicators of withdrawal were changes in
      plasma corticosterone in rats and jumping behavior in mice. The use of chronic
      intravenous catheters in rats and one-way vision boxes allowed for serial blood
      sampling and sequential hormone determinations. Opiate dependence was established
      by the subcutaneous implantation of a 75-mg morphine pellet 72 h prior to
      withdrawal precipitation. All pretreated groups of rats with morphine pellets
      showed a substantial elevation of plasma corticosterone following the injection
      of naloxone (0.4 mg/kg, i.v.). Those with lactose pellets showed little change.
      The group pretreated with phenobarbital showed a lower, more attenuated
      withdrawal response as compared to saline or the other pretreated groups. The
      responsiveness of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis to ether stress was
      evaluated. This was found to be unaffected by chronic phenobarbital suggesting
      that the drug may have a more specific effect on opiate dependence/withdrawal
      mechanisms. Similar studies in mice showed no differences in ED50 for naloxone
      induced jumping behavior in any of the pretreatment groups.

PMID- 4053976
TI  - Experiences related to drinking as a function of annual alcohol intake and by sex
      and age.
AB  - On data from a representative mail survey of the adult population in Finland,
      generalized linear modelling was applied to express the probability of
      consequences of drinking as a function of annual intake of alcohol. Most
      experiences related to drinking could be predicted as a simple function of annual
      intake. Annual intake therefore should be retained as a basic variable describing
      involvement with alcohol. The slopes of the models indicated that particular
      behavioral concomitants of drinking and direct causal consequences of drinking
      grow less quickly with increasing consumption than the probability of social
      control reactions to drinking. Important differences between age groups in the
      incidence of hazardous drinking behaviours and of causal consequences of drinking
      prevailed, but, with the exception of drunken driving, sex differences
      practically vanished when annual intake was held constant. Contrary to the common
      view that women's drinking is more closely controlled than male drinking, men on
      each intake level more frequently reported control reactions by significant
      others.

PMID- 4053977
TI  - Handwashing prevents infection.

PMID- 4053978
TI  - Hepatitis associated with propylthiouracil treatment.
AB  - A 12-year-old girl with hyperthyroidism who had started treatment with
      propylthiouracil (PTU) 100 mg tid developed hepatitis. The drug was stopped, and
      the clinical and laboratory findings of hepatitis disappeared within a week. She
      was not receiving other drugs that could cause hepatic damage, and investigations
      for various viral agents were negative. This is the ninth report of PTU-induced
      hepatitis. The clinical picture is similar to that of viral hepatitis. Recovery
      usually occurs after withdrawal of the drug, but there have been two fatal cases
      of PTU-induced hepatitis.

PMID- 4053979
TI  - Molindone and hepatotoxicity.
AB  - An adolescent male with chronic schizophrenic disorder, paranoid type, was
      treated with molindone. He developed hepatotoxicity in the early treatment phase
      as evidenced by flu-like symptoms and laboratory abnormalities of liver
      functions. These symptoms and his hepatic functions improved on discontinuing
      molindone. Similar liver function trends were seen on reintroduction and
      subsequent withdrawal of the drug. Hepatic hypersensitivity has not been reported
      previously with the use of this drug. It is suggested that clinicians should be
      aware of this association and should assess hepatic functions in patients who
      develop a prodromal flu-like syndrome with this drug, especially in the early
      treatment phase.

PMID- 4053980
TI  - Hallucinations after preoperative baclofen discontinuation in spinal cord injury
      patients.
AB  - Baclofen is a muscle relaxant approved in this country for the treatment of
      muscle spasms secondary to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and other
      spinal diseases. Although baclofen is considered to have fewer side effects than
      alternative drugs, problems can occur when the dosage is changed abruptly. Two
      patients are presented who developed hallucinations after discontinuing baclofen
      as part of routine preoperative procedures. Both patients responded at 23 and 31
      hours after reinstituting baclofen. If possible, patients should be withdrawn
      slowly from baclofen before surgery. Any patient withdrawn abruptly from baclofen
      should be restarted as soon as possible.

PMID- 4053981
TI  - Early use of oral theophylline in hospitalized chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease patients: cost-containment through medical education.
AB  - This study measured the impact of an education program conducted by a clinical
      pharmacist on early conversion from intravenous to oral theophylline in
      hospitalized chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Two separate two
      month audit periods were conducted on the pulmonary medicine service (PMS) of a
      teaching hospital. During the first audit period (pre-ed), no education was
      provided. Prior to each month of the second two-month audit period (post-ed), an
      education program and handout outlining the rationale for early conversion from
      intravenous to oral theophylline was presented to medicine residents rotating
      onto the PMS. The results of this preliminary study suggest that the education
      program was responsible for a statistically significant decrease in intravenous
      aminophylline therapy from three days (pre-ed) to one day (post-ed). As a result
      of the reduction in length of intravenous therapy, both drug costs and patient
      charges were reduced by a statistically significant amount.

PMID- 4053982
TI  - A survey of prophylactic antibiotic use for total joint replacements in a
      community hospital.
AB  - This study was conducted in a nonteaching community hospital to characterize the
      use of prophylactic antibiotics in patients undergoing total joint replacements
      by orthopedic surgeons in private practice. Of the 101 patients studied, 43 were
      started on antibiotics too early, 32 were left on the drugs for too long a
      period, and 33 received subsequent oral antibiotics without identifiable reason.
      Seventy-nine (78.2 percent) received 8 g/d of a first- or second-generation
      cephalosporin for prophylaxis. None of the patients received cefazolin 1 g q8h.

PMID- 4053983
TI  - Evaluation of high-dose tobramycin-carbenicillin therapy in pseudomonal
      infections in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Fourteen episodes of acute pseudomonal pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis
      were treated with high-dose tobramycin (10.1-17.1 mg/kg/d) and carbenicillin (600
      mg/kg/d). The Sawchuck-Zaske method of dosing tobramycin was used and resulted in
      good agreement between the desired and measured peak (8.1 +/- 0.5 vs. 8.2 +/- 1.5
      micrograms/ml) and trough (0.5 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml)
      concentrations. Ninety-three percent of cases improved clinically. Forced
      expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity increased significantly
      (39.3 +/- 24.8, p less than 0.001 and 24.1 +/- 22.8 percent, p less than 0.05,
      respectively) after treatment. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was eradicated from the
      sputa of 69 percent of the cases, with recolonization occurring within three
      months. Significant nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity were not seen. Liver enzymes,
      however, were elevated in 29 percent of those treated. Combination high-dose
      carbenicillin and tobramycin satisfies the treatment goals of bacteriological and
      clinical cure with a minimal degree of toxicity.

PMID- 4053984
TI  - Caffeine citrate: an alternative to theophylline for apnea in prematurity.

PMID- 4053985
TI  - Pericarditis after minoxidil reinstitution.

PMID- 4053986
TI  - Cyclosporine-rifampin drug interaction.

PMID- 4053987
TI  - Isosorbide dinitrate-disopyramide phosphate interaction.

PMID- 4053988
TI  - Streptokinase iv protocol in acute MI patients.

PMID- 4053990
TI  - Using journals for drug information requests.

PMID- 4053989
TI  - Comment: Pharmacy in India.

PMID- 4053991
TI  - Confusing drug names.

PMID- 4053992
TI  - Synphase--another triphasic oral contraceptive.

PMID- 4053993
TI  - [Does tolerance develop in cardiac glycoside therapy?].

PMID- 4053994
TI  - [Time dependence of myocardial preservation after thrombolysis. Consequences for
      indication and procedure].
AB  - To examine whether the limitation in infarct size after effective thrombolytic
      therapy is time-dependent the relationship between left ventricular wall motion
      in the infarct region and the time interval between onset of symptoms and
      intracoronary streptokinase infusion was investigated. The relationship was
      significant: When intracoronary thrombolytic therapy was begun within 2 hours,
      wall motion was almost always within normal limits, whereas the probability of
      wall motion improvement fell to less than 50%, when treatment was begun later. As
      a further step a lysis procedure was examined which took account of these
      findings: the intravenous bolus injection of urokinase. Approximately one hour
      after bolus injection coronary patency could be demonstrated angiographically in
      60% of the infarct patients. A clinically relevant limitation of the infarct size
      was found in those patients in whom lysis therapy could be begun within 2 hours.
      On the basis of these findings, a thrombolytic therapy seems to be indicated in
      all patients with acute myocardial infarction when lysis treatment can be begun
      within 2 hours. The intravenous urokinase therapy, by virtue of its simplicity,
      is an alternative to intravenous streptokinase therapy.

PMID- 4053995
TI  - [Therapy of venous insufficiency of the leg].

PMID- 4053996
TI  - [Clarification of the possibilities in patient examination].

PMID- 4053997
TI  - [Endoscopic colon studies--flexible rectosigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy?].

PMID- 4053998
TI  - [Colo-colonic invagination in adults].

PMID- 4053999
TI  - [Prognostic value of symptom-limited ergometry 3 weeks after acute myocardial
      infarct].
AB  - 96 patients, under 70 years of age, underwent symptom-limited (maximal) exercise
      testing in the 3rd week after an acute myocardial infarction when neither cardiac
      insufficiency, angina pectoris (post-infarction) nor malignant arrhythmias were
      present. A further 29 patients, who could not be exercised because of the reasons
      mentioned, had a significantly higher frequency of coronary events during the 14
      month observation period than those patients who could be exercised (55% vs. 23%,
      P = 0.05). When signs of (reversible) ischaemia occurred during exercise testing
      (angina pectoris, ST-segment depression greater than 0.1 mV), the one-year
      prognosis was significantly worse than in patients having no ischaemia. By means
      of this test the occurrence of a "coronary event" can be forecasted with high
      sensitivity (92%) but low specificity (46%). Thus, the negative test ("predictive
      value" 94%) is suitable for recognising patients with low spontaneous risk thus
      sparing them from further invasive investigations.

PMID- 4054000
TI  - [A new possibility in treating stenosing tumors of the upper gastrointestinal
      tract].
AB  - A new method for treating inoperable patients with stenosing malignant tumors of
      the upper gastrointestinal tract consists in the combination of laser beam
      followed by direct internal radiation of the tumor using the afterload technique.
      It brings rapid improvement of dysphagia and resumption of oral feeding.
      Improvement in quality of life such as this has been achieved in 21 of 24
      patients without any signs of complication due to therapy.

PMID- 4054001
TI  - [Notes on the disaster in Bhopal].

PMID- 4054002
TI  - [Heterosexual transmission of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)].

PMID- 4054003
TI  - [Spironolactone in the treatment of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis. A new
      therapeutic principle?].
AB  - Five patients with liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension and oesophageal varices
      received spironolactone in daily doses of 50-200 mg. Measurements of hepatic vein
      occlusion pressure at intervals of 1 to 5 months showed a pressure reduction of
      between 9 and 11 mm Hg. Thus the pressure lowering effect of spironolactone is
      about the same as that of beta-blockers. Since spironolactone is without the well
      known side effects of beta-blockers this therapeutic approach has wide
      application in the long term drug therapy of portal hypertension.

PMID- 4054004
TI  - [Diagnosis of Weber-Christian disease].

PMID- 4054005
TI  - [Therapy of Weber-Christian disease].

PMID- 4054006
TI  - [Therapy of malignant melanoma].

PMID- 4054008
TI  - [Chlamydia infection during pregnancy].

PMID- 4054007
TI  - [Fatal acebutolol poisoning].

PMID- 4054009
TI  - Toxicological properties of closantel.
AB  - The acute, subacute and chronic toxicity studies in laboratory animals showed
      that closantel is a well tolerated substance. At multiples of the clinical dose,
      overdosing might result in central nervous system effects and death. Repeated
      oral dosing was without effects up to 40 mg/kg in rats and dogs except for focal
      swelling of the epididymis in male rats at 40 mg/kg due to formation of spermatic
      granulomas. In sheep repeated dosing at 10 and 40 mg/kg orally and at 5 and 20
      mg/kg intramuscularly every four weeks during 40 weeks demonstrated an acceptable
      safety margin in this target species. Reproduction studies including a three
      generation study in rats showed that fertility was not affected except slightly
      in male rats at 40 mg/kg whereas an embryotoxic or teratogenic potential in rats
      and rabbits was absent. Peri- and postnatal parameters in rats were not affected.
      In target animals, reproduction was extensively studied in bulls, rams and ewes
      showing no risk of closantel for reproduction parameters. A mutagenic potential
      was found to be absent in a Salmonella Ames test, a sex-linked recessive lethal
      test in Drosophila melanogaster and a dominant lethal test in male and female
      mice. In 400 mice and 400 rats closantel was shown not to be carcinogenic.
      Tolerance studies in sheep and cattle demonstrated that oral and parenteral
      clinical doses were very well tolerated and devoid of serious side-effects.

PMID- 4054010
TI  - Subchronic oral toxicity, tissue distribution and clearance of hexachloroethane
      in the rat.
AB  - Hexachloroethane (HCE) was fed to Fischer 344 rats at approximate doses of 0, 1,
      15 or 62 mg/kg/day for 16 weeks. Selected tissues were assayed at termination for
      HCE content. Histopathological examination identified the kidney as the primary
      target organ with male rats more sensitive than female rats. The kidney
      concentration of HCE increased proportionately with dose in the males, but there
      were disproportionately small increases with dose in females. A group of male
      rats was given 62 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks to estimate tissue clearance. Clearance
      of HCE from fat, liver, kidney and blood occurred in an apparent first-order
      manner with a half-life of approximately 2.5 days. The apparent first-order
      elimination suggests that HCE metabolism and excretion were not saturated in rats
      given up to 62 mg/kg/day and suggests that, in the range of doses given, toxicity
      should be proportional to exposure concentration. The no-observable-effect level
      (NOEL) for toxicity was 1 mg/kg/day for male and female rats.

PMID- 4054011
TI  - Metabolic disposition study of chlorinated hydrocarbons in rats and mice.
AB  - Chlorinated hydrocarbons found in a bioassay to be carcinogenic to both B6C3F1
      mice and Osborne-Mendel rats (1,2-dichloroethane), carcinogenic only to mice
      (1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, hexachloroethane,
      trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene), and noncarcinogenic to either
      species (1,1-dichloroethane and 1,1,1-trichloroethane) were used to investigate
      the biochemical bases for tumorigenesis. Studies were conducted after chronic
      oral dosing of adult mice and rats with the MTD and 1/4 MTD of each compound. The
      extent to which the compounds were metabolized in 48 hr, hepatic protein binding,
      and urinary metabolite patterns were examined. Metabolism of the compounds
      (mmoles per kg body weight) was 1.7 to 10 times greater in mice than in rats.
      Hepatic protein binding (nanomole equivalents bound to 1 mg of liver protein) was
      1.2 to 8.3 times higher in mice than in rats except for 1,2-dichloroethane and
      1,1,1-trichloroethane. The noncarcinogens 1,1-dichloroethane and 1,1,1
      trichloroethane exhibited 2 to 18 times more binding in mice than did the
      carcinogens 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane. Urinary metabolite
      patterns of the compounds were similar in both species. The biochemical
      parameters measured provided no clue to differentiate the carcinogens from the
      noncarcinogens.

PMID- 4054012
TI  - [Rheumatoid arthritis and the kidneys].

PMID- 4054013
TI  - [Fractures visible in the thoracic radiographs of alcoholics].

PMID- 4054014
TI  - [Metastatic breast cancer in ophthalmology].

PMID- 4054015
TI  - [Developments in surgery together with its ethical and social background].

PMID- 4054016
TI  - [Massive hydrothorax as a rare complication of peritoneal dialysis].

PMID- 4054017
TI  - [Pinworms causing proctitis].

PMID- 4054018
TI  - [Mushroom poisoning causing liver and kidney damage].

PMID- 4054019
TI  - [Anaphylaxis and its treatment].

PMID- 4054020
TI  - [Soul, body and mental health].

PMID- 4054021
TI  - [Developments in psychiatric diagnosis].

PMID- 4054022
TI  - [Developments in organization of community psychiatry].

PMID- 4054023
TI  - [Psychiatry in the general hospital].

PMID- 4054024
TI  - [Motivation for attempted suicide].

PMID- 4054025
TI  - [Current status of psychotherapy in Finland].

PMID- 4054026
TI  - [Family and the individual's mental health].

PMID- 4054027
TI  - Bronchial asthma as known by traditional healers.

PMID- 4054029
TI  - Management of childhood cancer at a peripheral medical centre in a developing
      country (Kenya).

PMID- 4054028
TI  - The use of oral herbal medicine by women attending antenatal clinics in urban and
      rural Tanga District in Tanzania.

PMID- 4054030
TI  - Malignant hypertension: a review of the neurological features in 34 consecutive
      patients.

PMID- 4054031
TI  - Research in community dental health.

PMID- 4054032
TI  - Parkinson's disease in Ethiopia: a prospective study of 70 patients.

PMID- 4054033
TI  - Survey of rotavirus infections in acute gastroenteritis in Addis Ababa: a
      comparison between enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and
      immunoelectroosmophoresis (IEOP).

PMID- 4054034
TI  - Occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in Tanzanian blood donors.

PMID- 4054035
TI  - Splenic studies: II preservation of the ruptured spleen: a pilot study.

PMID- 4054037
TI  - Massive splenic abscess: a case report.

PMID- 4054036
TI  - Fatal pneumococcal septicaemia in an adult with a congenitally small (11.2 gm)
      spleen.

PMID- 4054038
TI  - Lipaemia retinalis: a case report.

PMID- 4054039
TI  - Practical therapeutics: chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 4054040
TI  - The early development of head control in preterm infants.
AB  - This study documents the longitudinal development of head control in 104 infants
      born at 25-33 weeks gestation. Protective side turning of the head was found to
      have a developmental sequence of reducing spinal extension. In the 93 infants
      with normal motor outcome, individual differences in the rate of development
      correlated with caudo-cephalic muscle development (P less than 0.001, r = 0.5)
      but not with the length of extra-uterine experience. As a group, the 11 infants
      with later motor handicap showed a persistence of the early form of movement at
      35-39 weeks post-menstrual age, without a significant correlation with the ratio
      of upper-lower limb muscle development. Head control, supine to sitting, in the
      infants with normal motor outcome showed variations in the rate of preterm
      development. The infants born at less than 31 weeks showed significantly higher
      scores at 33-35 weeks post-menstrual age than those born at 31-33 weeks (P less
      than 0.01). There was no difference at later ages. The spinal extension movement
      accompanying protective side turning of the head is age specific to the preterm
      infant. Individual rates of normal preterm development can be evaluated by
      longitudinal standardised examination. As a group, the infants with subsequent
      abnormal motor development showed delay at preterm age but this was not
      individually significant.

PMID- 4054041
TI  - Peripheral nerve conduction velocity and brainstem auditory evoked responses in
      small for gestational age preterm infants.
AB  - Ulnar nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and brainstem auditory evoked responses
      (BAER) were measured in each of 11 preterm small for gestational age (SGA)
      infants born at less than 35 weeks gestation. The mean motor NCV in the SGA
      infants was similar to that reported for infants who were appropriately grown for
      their gestational age (AGA). However, the mean central conduction time of the
      BAER in SGA infants was significantly shorter than that of AGA infants of the
      same post-menstrual age. Thus, the precocious development of auditory brainstem
      neural function in preterm SGA infants is not accompanied by changes in
      functional maturation of the peripheral motor nerves.

PMID- 4054042
TI  - Minor neurological dysfunction and behavioural development. A report from the
      Groningen Perinatal Project.
AB  - In a follow-up study of 230 children a statistically significant relation was
      found between the neonatal neurological diagnosis and the presence of minor
      neurological dysfunctions at the age of 6 years: of 167 normal newborns, 7%
      turned out to have MND at follow-up versus 21% of 63 (mildly) abnormal neonates.
      Interval complications occurred especially in the latter group of MND children.
      Their presence may have hampered recovery. Both follow-up and neonatal
      neurological diagnoses were in a varying degree related to undesired behaviour as
      reported by parents and teachers, such as 'clumsy', 'difficult to handle',
      'hyperactive', 'irritable' and 'temper tantrums'. However, only to a limited
      extent the variance of the behaviour was explained by the neurological findings.
      It was concluded that, although the neurological condition of a child may
      determine his vulnerability for environmental influence to a certain extent, the
      contribution of both sex and environment on behavioural development is
      preponderant.

PMID- 4054043
TI  - Mother-infant interactions at 2 and 3 months in preterm, small-for-gestational
      age, and full-term infants; their relationship with cognitive development at 4
      months.
AB  - Two- and 3-month interactions were observed and 4-month Bayley MDI assessments
      carried out with 10 full-term, 14 preterm, and 9 small-for-gestational age (SGA)
      mother-infant dyads, to examine effects of neonatal status on interaction styles
      and the relationships between interaction variables and MDI scores. Two-month
      interaction patterns were most closely related to 4-month MDI scores in the full
      term group, with state variables showing negative relationships and dyadic
      synchrony being positively related. For the preterm group, state-related
      variables were important to MDI scores. Preterm maternal interactive levels
      dropped from two to three months whereas preterm infant interactive levels rose
      from 2 to 3 months. SGA infant smile and maternal affection were related to MDI
      scores. SGA dyads differed from full-term dyads on state and synchrony variables.
      Findings are discussed with respect to the importance of state variables for
      development.

PMID- 4054044
TI  - Growth of Hong Kong infants during the first two years of life.
AB  - Physical growth in weight, length and head circumference during infancy and early
      childhood (the first two years) of Hong Kong children born in the 1960's and
      1970's have been compared with a widely used international reference standard
      (National Center for Health Statistics). During the first 3-6 months the mean
      growth curves closely follow the reference mean. Over the following 6-12 months
      however, there is a distinct downward deviation. From about 18 months onwards the
      growth trajectories once again closely parallel the reference. This 'faltering'
      of physical growth, which shows some similarities with that described by young
      children in poor parts of the world has been attributed by some to less than
      adequate nutrition during the weaning period. Yet over the past 20 years or so
      Hong Kong has very much become part of the developed world. This apparent paradox
      leads us to speculate that genetic influences might play an important role in the
      faltering of growth.

PMID- 4054045
TI  - Fetal movement and fetal presentation.
AB  - Fetal movements were analyzed by means of ultrasonography in an attempt to
      clarify the causative factor of frank breech presentation. Fetal posture,
      position, presentation and movements, as well as posture of the extremities and
      the volume of amniotic cavity were analyzed by ultrasonography in 112 fetuses
      ranging from 12 to 42 weeks of gestation. There existed three different fetal
      states: inactivity; slow sporadic movements without changes of presentations;
      active whole body movements with changes of presentations. It appears likely that
      version of fetal presentation from breech to cephalic occurs as the fetus tries
      to accommodate itself to the shape of the uterus during the state of active whole
      body movements, and the frank breech presentation of the fetus might result when
      the whole body movements are weak or absent.

PMID- 4054046
TI  - The effect of a 'containing' position in a hammock versus the supine position on
      the cutaneous oxygen level in premature and term babies.
AB  - We evaluated the influence of positioning, and particularly a containing position
      in a hammock compared with the supine position, on the respiration of the
      newborn. Recordings of the transcutaneous oxygen level of 40 preterm babies and
      10 full-term babies placed in their incubators alternately in the two positions
      have been analyzed. We found no significant differences between the means of the
      oxymetric indexes in the hammock and in the supine position, even when the babies
      had different gestational ages and birth weights. The advantages of the
      containing position for the neuromotor and relational development of the newborn
      in the first year of life in comparison with the effects of supine placement,
      which should be avoided as much as possible in the premature, are pointed out.

PMID- 4054047
TI  - Maturation of glomerular filtration in preterm and mature babies.
AB  - Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured in 39 healthy infants (gestation 27
      40 weeks, birthweight 0.68-3.71 kg) by prolonged inulin infusion between 2 and 63
      days of age. Absolute GFR showed a logarithmic rise with conceptional age
      (gestational plus postnatal age) which was independent of postnatal age. GFR per
      kilogram showed a slow rise with gestational age, and a rapid rise with
      increasing postnatal age which was shown to be due to a temporary cessation of
      growth rather than a true acceleration in renal maturation. GFR per unit surface
      area showed similar, but steeper rises. Formulae were constructed to predict GFR
      in the first month of life from postnatal age (PA), weight and birthweight (BW);
      (GFR = (0.24 BW + 0.18 PA + 0.45) X weight), or from conceptional age (CA); (GFR
      = 100.0618 CA-1.859). 95% of the predictions fell within 66 and 151%, and 58 and
      172% of the measured values, respectively. Data from 14 studies were expressed in
      the same format where possible. The agreement between the reported data and this
      study was close. Apparent contradictions between these studies had been largely
      due to their different forms of presentation.

PMID- 4054048
TI  - Relationship between the characteristics of the menstrual cycle and congenital
      malformations in the human.
AB  - We have studied the characteristics of conceptional and pre-conceptional cycles
      in mothers of malformed infants. A comparison made with a control group of
      mothers of normal, term infants showed that for the former the hypothermic phase
      during the conceptional cycle was longer than for the latter (20.4 and 16.9 days,
      respectively). Moreover, the mothers of malformed infants showed a slower
      temperature rise (greater than 3 days) in 45% of cases, vs 28% in the controls.
      The menarche of the mothers of malformed infants occurs later (14.3 vs 12.8
      years). They usually have long menstrual cycles and a bad obstetric and
      gynaecological history. The risk for congenital malformations is thus closely
      related to the length of the hypothermic phase and to a slow temperature rise in
      the conceptional cycle. Therefore we suggest that the preovulatory oocyte
      overripeness is one of the mechanisms of congenital malformation.

PMID- 4054049
TI  - Pattern of menstrual cycles and incidence of congenital malformations.
AB  - An analysis has been made of the general reproductive characteristics of mothers,
      including the temperature curves of preconception and conception cycles, in a
      prospective study which ended in the birth of 22 malformed infants and 894 normal
      infants. The differences observed have shown that the mothers of malformed
      infants had their first menstrual period at a later age (13.4 vs 12.8 years),
      their menstrual cycles were more often irregular (77% vs 40%) and lasted longer
      (32.9 vs 30.1 days). Moreover, they had a longer hypothermic phase during both
      their preconception cycle (21.7 vs 17.6 days) and during their conception cycle
      (24.0 vs 18.1 days), as well as a longer temperature rise during their conception
      cycle (3.7 vs 3.0 days). By taking into account the relation between these
      variables, we have been able to show that increased risk of malformation is
      associated with increase in the length of the hypothermic phase and the
      temperature rise of the conception cycle.

PMID- 4054050
TI  - Long-term auditory and visual complications of biotinidase deficiency.
AB  - The biochemical, dermatological and neurological motor disorders of biotinidase
      deficiency (multiple carboxylase deficiency) show a dramatic response to
      pharmacological doses of biotin. This condition is characterised by the
      accumulation of biocytin and depletion of biotin. Neuromuscular function returns
      to normal with the reversal of the characteristic organic acidaemia. It would
      appear that the optic and auditory nerves or their related neurological
      structures may suffer damage from the excess biocytin and deficient biotin.
      Despite reversal of the dermatological and psychomotor abnormalities children are
      likely to be left with auditory and/or visual handicaps if diagnosis and
      treatment is delayed beyond the first year of life. Treatment with biotin was
      commenced 6, 18, and 13 months after onset of symptoms. Two children subsequently
      were found to have visual impairment (acquired retinal dysplasia) and two had
      sensori-neural deafness. In one patient both defects were present.

PMID- 4054051
TI  - Metabolic effects of a human milk adapted formula on sulfur amino acid
      degradation in full-term infants.
AB  - The metabolic effects of formula feeding on sulfur amino acid degradation were
      studied in 6 full-term infants on the 6th day of life, and compared to
      corresponding data from breast-milk fed neonates. A normal excretion of total
      sulfur and inorganic sulfate was found, indicating an adequate intake of sulfur
      amino acids and a normal ability to oxidized these compounds to inorganic
      sulfate. A similar transaminative degradation of cysteine was observed in both
      groups. Formula-fed infants showed a normal output of methionine, whereas
      increased cystathionine and decreased taurine excretions were registered. The
      results were probably a combined effect of a limited intake of taurine, and a
      multiple immature enzymatic activity.

PMID- 4054052
TI  - Envelope EMG spectral analysis in the studies of physiological and pathological
      tremor.

PMID- 4054053
TI  - Fatiguability in voluntary and reflex contraction after conditioning of human
      skeletal muscle.

PMID- 4054055
TI  - Surface and intramuscular EMG from the temporalis muscle. A study of methods.

PMID- 4054054
TI  - Noise in quantitative electromyography.

PMID- 4054056
TI  - Symposium on emergency management of infectious diseases.

PMID- 4054057
TI  - Odontogenic infections.
AB  - Although most dental infections are localized phenomena, a significant number
      lead to severe compromise of vital structures and perhaps death. Thus, the
      ability to recognize and assess infections of dental origin is of particular
      value. This article addresses the nature of odontogenic infections and their
      potential for serious complications, examines some specific odontogenic
      infections, and offers guidelines for diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 4054059
TI  - Symposium on dermatologic emergencies.

PMID- 4054058
TI  - Community-acquired pneumonia.
AB  - This article presents a general approach to the patient with community-acquired
      pneumonia and details clinical and therapeutic features of the principal
      community-acquired pneumonias: pneumococcal pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia, and
      legionnaires disease.

PMID- 4054060
TI  - Video endoscopy. Fundamentals and problems.
AB  - The video system represents a new endoscopic technique with major advantages,
      some of which point the way into the future. This system permits a large number
      of persons to participate directly in the examination. Documentation is more
      comprehensive and more reliable, and pathological processes can be observed with
      the aid of video tape recordings. It is to be expected that the optical elements
      of the video endoscope will become smaller, while the instruments will become
      longer. Since there is no loss of light with these endoscopes, it would appear
      possible that they will make the entire small bowel accessible to inspection.
      Compared with conventional standards, the colour quality on the video monitor
      screen, in particular in the red range, and of the video photograph still leaves
      something to be desired. User-friendly equipment provided with an automatic
      colour adaption facility, is required. The good thing about the future is, of
      course, that it comes slowly - and this applies to video endoscopy, too. Since
      July, 1984, our department has been acquiring experience with the video endoscope
      manufactured by the firm of Welch Allyn, New York, and, in the meantime, we have
      examined 97 patients with this system, 80 in the upper, 17 in the lower
      gastrointestinal tract. The heart of the video endoscope is a light-sensitive
      microprocessor silicon chip, roughly 4 X 4 mm in size, which acts like a
      miniature television camera. Properly, it is termed a charge coupled device chip
      (CCD chip). Utilizing the crystalline structure of the silicon chip, and its
      property for thermal oxidation, such electronic components as diodes, capacitors
      and resistors are integrated onto it.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4054061
TI  - Bacteriaemia associated with endoscopic sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices.
AB  - Studies on the incidence of bacteraemia following endoscopic injection
      sclerotherapy produce equivocal results. Accordingly, we performed a prospective
      study in 24 patients who underwent a total of 40 sclerotherapy sessions. Blood
      was drawn before, during, and 5 minutes, 30 minutes, 3 hours and 24 hours after
      sclerotherapy. Transient bacteraemia (mostly during and 5 minutes after
      sclerotherapy) was detected in 21 (53%) procedures. The bacteraemic events bore
      no relation to febrile episodes. The most frequently isolated microorganisms were
      alpha-haemolytic Streptococcus spp. and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp..
      We conclude that injection sclerotherapy is associated with a high incidence of
      bacteraemia which, however, in most cases is transient and does not lead to
      septic disease.

PMID- 4054062
TI  - Follow-up of patients with colorectal adenomas.
AB  - With the aim of establishing suitable follow-up intervals, we examined the
      probability for the recurrence of relevant adenomas in the colorectum. A total of
      592 adenoma patients in whom colonoscopy up to the caecum had reliably excluded
      relevant findings, were admitted to the study. Relevant findings were considered
      to be 1) colorectal carcinoma, 2) an adenoma with severe cellular atypia, 3) an
      adenoma of at least 5 mm in diameter, 4) a histologically unclassified polyp of
      at least 5 mm in diameter. We were able to show that the use of a dose-effect
      relationship is statistically justified for the follow-up results of the 592
      patients. Thus, the probability for renewed relevant findings at any given time
      can be computed on the basis of the follow-up results. Renewed relevant findings
      were presented by 6.0% of patients with single adenomas after 4 years (confidence
      level 4.8-7.3%), while 5.7% of patients with multiple adenomas had relevant
      findings after 2 years (confidence level 4.5-7.0%). These follow-up intervals
      are, thanks to the adequate detection rate, economical and, at the same time,
      safeguard adenoma patients with a high level of reliability, against cancer of
      the colorectum.

PMID- 4054063
TI  - ERCP pneumatic injector. A new tool in radiation exposure prevention for
      personnel.
AB  - A new tool to aid radiation exposure prevention is presented. The ERCP pneumatic
      injector, which may be used by the endoscopist by actuating a foot-operated
      starting system, is capable of injecting the contrast medium at the desired flow
      and pressure, which can be adjusted during the examination. In this way,
      personnel radiation risk is eliminated.

PMID- 4054064
TI  - Facilitation of cervical dilatation by intracervical application of sulprostone
      gel prior to hysteroscopy.
AB  - In a prospective, randomized study, 10 patients with primary sterility received
      an intracervical application of 0.1 mg Sulprostone-Tylose gel for cervical
      priming 12 hours prior to panoramic CO2-hysteroscopy and pelviscopy with
      chromopertubation. Ten patients who served as controls were not treated with the
      local prostaglandin. The force required to overcome the cervical canal was
      measured with a special tonometer for Hegar 3 before application of the gel in
      the group treated with Sulprostone and was 3-8 mm in both groups of patients
      immediately preoperatively. Cervical priming led to a significant reduction in
      the force required to dilate the cervix. After priming with Sulprostone, the
      cervical canal was freely passable for an average of 6.7 mm. In none of these
      patients was a force of 7 Newton exceeded for Hegar 8, whereas in the control
      group a mean force of 8.2 Newton was required to dilate the cervix for Hegar 6.
      Haemorrhage and epithelial lesions of the cervix caused by the dilatation can
      largely be avoided, and the risk of uterine damage reduced by local priming of
      the cervix. The intracervical application of prostaglandin gel is an easy,
      efficient and gentle method of dilatation for hysteroscopy, particularly in
      patients with a firmly closed and rigid cervix.

PMID- 4054065
TI  - "Pseudotumor" of the stomach. Endoscopical and operative findings.
AB  - Persistent pathological changes at endoscopy are reported in three patients. At
      explorative laparotomy the changes were seen to be caused by neighbouring organs
      (splenic artery, pancreas and gallbladder). A correct diagnosis of "pseudotumor"
      of the stomach is necessary to avoid unwarranted surgery or unnecessary biopsies.

PMID- 4054066
TI  - Gastric concretion forming around a suture nidus and mimicking a gastric polyp on
      radiographs.
AB  - A small gastric mass was detected by upper GI X-ray series and found at endoscopy
      to be a concretion hanging from a suture at a previous gastrostomy site. The
      suture was clipped and the concretion was removed endoscopically. Sutures
      protruding into the gastric lumen may serve as a nidus for the formation of
      concretions and because of their fixed position, these masses may mimic neoplasms
      on upper GI X-rays.

PMID- 4054067
TI  - Localized colitis cystica profunda of the sigmoid colon.
AB  - Localized colitis cystica profunda (CCP) is a rare condition found in the rectum.
      Localized CCP of 70-year-old man was found in the sigmoid colon, it was
      accompanied by a cancer in the ascending colon and an adenomatous polyp with
      focal malignancy in the sigmoid colon. Colonoscopically, the tumor appeared like
      a submucosal tumor.

PMID- 4054068
TI  - Cancer risk of the operated stomach.

PMID- 4054069
TI  - On the proportion of positive results in carcinogenicity studies in animals.

PMID- 4054070
TI  - First-generation litter-size reduction following irradiation of spermatogonial
      stem cells in mice and its use in risk estimation.
AB  - Litter-size reduction (LSR) is a useful measure of part of the overall F1
      radiation-induced damage. Extensive LSR data were obtained as a by-product of
      specific-locus experiments. Fourteen such experiments involving 158,490 F1
      litters have been analyzed for the extent of LSR induced by x- or gamma
      irradiation of spermatogonia. Litter sizes were compared between experimental and
      control groups at about 3 weeks after birth. In order to reduce variability,
      comparisons were made only with concurrent controls and between groups of litters
      having mothers of approximately the same age. At the high dose rate of 90 R/min,
      the LSRs showed a humped dose-response curve. There was a pronounced dose-rate
      effect, the mutational responses being much less at dose rates of 0.009 R/min and
      0.001 R/min. It is estimated that if men were exposed to 1 R of radiation
      delivered at low linear energy transfer (low LET) and low dose rate, the number
      of deaths caused by induced dominant mutations among their children before late
      childhood would be about 19 per million live-born. This can be added to the
      earlier estimate of an approximately equal number of viable disorders in all body
      systems as based on dominant skeletal mutations. This gives a total estimate of
      induced dominant damage, but much of this addition represents death in very early
      embryonic life that would not be recognized in humans. The LSR data also permit
      the conclusion that only an extremely small proportion of serious radiation
      induced genetic disorders among live-born humans would be expected to result from
      segmental aneuploidy.

PMID- 4054071
TI  - Plasma fibrinolysis after intraduodenal administration of urokinase in rats.
AB  - Plasma fibrinolysis in rats rose above the level of physiological fluctuations in
      a curve with two peaks at 1 and 6 h, following intraduodenal administration of
      high-molecular-weight urokinase (HMW-UK; MW 53,000; 124,000 IU/mg protein).
      Activation of plasma fibrinolysis was also confirmed with insolubilized enzyme
      (glass-coupled UK), but lacked the first activity peak. Plasma fibrinolytic
      enzyme isolated by affinity chromatography revealed strong fibrinolytic (1,120
      IU/dl), pyro-Glu-Gly-Arg-pNA amidolytic (3,200 nmol/dl) and Glu-plasminogen
      activating (24.5 IU/dl) activities. Using specific UK antibody, it appeared that
      the first peak originated from the administered UK, while the second one derived
      from endogenous plasminogen activator. Dose response of UK was not observed, and
      the maximal effect was at about 5,000 IU/kg body weight.

PMID- 4054072
TI  - Biochemical variables in plasma and urine before and after prolonged physical
      exercise.
AB  - Nine normal young male students were studied during 2 days of relative rest,
      during 2 days of physical training and again during the succeeding 2 days of
      relative rest. 24-hour urine collections showed that the creatinine, creatine,
      uric acid, urea, calcium and magnesium excretion were similar during the resting
      and exercise days. The 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium and potassium was
      decreased during the exercise days, while the aldosterone excretion was
      increased. The hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and red cell counts were
      decreased 14, as well as 42 h after exercise. The serum uric acid, creatine
      phosphokinase-MM (skeletal muscles) subfraction, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase
      and myoglobin levels were increased 14 h after exercise, but returned to baseline
      42 h after this type of exercise. The mechanisms of these alterations were
      discussed and the data show that one should take into account previous exercise
      when interpreting the results of certain of these tests.

PMID- 4054073
TI  - Human placental aldehyde dehydrogenase. Subcellular distribution and properties.
AB  - Freshly obtained human term placentae were subjected to subcellular fractionation
      to study the localization of NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenases. Optimal
      conditions for the cross-contamination-free subcellular fractionation were
      standardized as judged by the presence or the absence of appropriate marker
      enzymes. Two distinct isozymes, aldehyde dehydrogenase I and II, were detected in
      placental extracts after isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels. Based on a
      placental wet weight, about 80% of the total aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was
      found in the cytosolic acid and about 10% in the mitochondrial fraction. The
      soluble fraction (cytosol) contained predominantly aldehyde dehydrogenase II
      which has a relatively high Km (9 mmol/l) for acetaldehyde and is strongly
      inhibited by disulfiram. The results indicate that cytosol is the main site for
      acetaldehyde oxidation, but the enzyme activity is too slow to prevent the
      placental passage of normal concentrations of blood acetaldehyde (less than 1
      mumol/l) produced by maternal ethanol metabolism.

PMID- 4054074
TI  - Glutathione-S-transferase in human renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - Homogenates of human renal cell carcinomas were tested for glutathione-S
      transferase, an enzyme of normal proximal tubule cells. All tumors were positive;
      mean tumor fraction enzyme activity was 0.040 +/- 0.02 mumol/min/microgram
      protein. Glutathione-S-transferase activity in homogenates from normal kidney was
      0.022 and 0.054 mumol/min/microgram protein. Finding similar levels of a major
      cytosolic enzyme in tumor and renal cortex confirms the origin of renal cell
      carcinoma in the proximal nephron. Glutathione-S-transferase, which binds
      carcinogens and steroids, may play a role in carcinogenesis and serve as a marker
      for this tumor.

PMID- 4054075
TI  - Serum glutamate dehydrogenase and ornithine carbamyl transferase in Reye's
      syndrome.
AB  - Parallel increases in the ornithine carbamyl transferase and glutamate
      dehydrogenase activities were observed in the serum of 22 Reye's syndrome
      patients. The increase in the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase was masked by a
      dialyzable inhibitor. It is proposed that the measurement of serum ornithine
      carbamyl transferase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities may be useful as an
      indicator of liver mitochondrial damage in Reye's syndrome.

PMID- 4054076
TI  - Use of mixed dispersion of fluorescent galactosylceramide and sodium
      dodecylsulfate for assaying galactosylceramide-beta-galactosidase and diagnosing
      Krabbe disease.
AB  - A fluorescent derivative of galactosylceramide [NBD-GalCer: 12-N-methyl-N-(7
      nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)aminodecanoyl+ ++ galactosylceramide] was
      dispersed in sodium dodecylsulfate and used to determine the activity of
      galactosylceramide-beta-galactosidase. Optimal assay conditions were defined,
      compared to other assay procedures and found suitable for diagnosing Krabbe
      disease.

PMID- 4054077
TI  - Accuracy of knowledge of family history of cardiovascular disorders.
AB  - There has been increased interest in the use of familial trends in physical and
      psychological disorders for identifying individuals at risk; research on
      individuals who have relatives with certain health problems may contribute to
      knowledge of etiology. In addition, accurate family health information may allow
      targeting of prevention and early detection programs to minimize cost and
      maximize utility. This study compared 292 undergraduates' reports of their
      parents' and grandparents' histories of six medical disorders with the parents'
      reports. Results showed moderate agreement concerning the parents' health, but
      substantial disagreement concerning the grandparents' health. Demographic and
      personality variables did not predict accuracy of students' reports of parental
      hypertension. Among the disorders, differences in agreement of reporting arose;
      the most salient condition, heart attack, had the highest agreement for both
      parents and grandparents. These results suggested that caution is necessary in
      evaluating family health information from subjects in research and from target
      individuals in prevention programs. This problem is especially serious for
      disorders such as hypertension, which is less salient and which also shows age
      related penetrance, with the disorder often not evident until the 5th or 6th
      decade of life.

PMID- 4054078
TI  - Co-occurrent use of cigarettes, alcohol, and coffee in healthy, community-living
      men and women.
AB  - Previous studies have examined intra-individual aggregation in the use of
      cigarettes, alcohol, and coffee by examining the co-occurrent use of any pair of
      these three substances. A recent literature review failed to find a single
      investigation that studied use of all three in the same sample. In the present
      study, co-occurrent use of all three of these substances was examined in
      crossvalidated subsamples of 226 male and 245 female healthy, community-living,
      middle-class Americans. A log-linear analysis was used to compare the proportion
      of smokers, ex-smokers, and nonsmokers categorized as users of more or less
      amounts of coffee and alcohol. Although most of the intercorrelations were not
      strong, the results indicate that for both sexes, smokers and ex-smokers were
      more likely than nonsmokers to drink greater amounts of alcohol and coffee.
      Furthermore, for smokers, ex-smokers, and nonsmokers, a majority of individuals
      who reported drinking more alcohol also reported drinking more coffee.
      Interestingly, the coffee and alcohol consumption levels of ex-smokers resembled
      those of smokers more than those of nonsmokers. Also, ex-smokers reported
      drinking more wine and decaffeinated coffee than either smokers or nonsmokers.
      Finally, the number of cigarettes smoked per day (daily quantity) was positively
      related to total alcohol and coffee consumption in men, but not in women. Further
      studies are recommended to examine the role of individual differences in the
      development, maintenance, and modification of these three appetitive habits and
      their co-occurrence.

PMID- 4054079
TI  - The synergistic effect of smoking and serum cholesterol on coronary heart
      disease.
AB  - Cigarette smoking is a strong predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD), but much
      of the variance in determining which smokers will, and which will not, suffer
      from CHD remains unexplained. This review examines evidence of a synergistic
      interaction effect of smoking and elevated serum cholesterol on CHD morbidity and
      mortality. Evidence is also presented to support the notion that, in part, serum
      cholesterol, like smoking, is an index of a behavioral risk factor. Such a
      synergistic interaction is determined to exist, although improvements in
      methodology are needed to more clearly identify its magnitude. The review
      suggests that behavioral treatments aimed at smoking cessation and dietary
      modification should be focused specifically on the more than 25 million young and
      middle-aged Americans who smoke and have elevated serum cholesterol. In this way,
      such treatments may increase their effectiveness in lowering the risk of CHD
      (benefit) without necessarily increasing their effort (cost).

PMID- 4054080
TI  - Preventing adolescent smoking: what have we learned about treatment construct
      validity?
AB  - In recent years, numerous programs introduced to prevent adolescent smoking have
      demonstrated some success. This paper reviews the treatment construct validity of
      such programs; that is, we seek to determine how and why programs reduce
      adolescent smoking. The review leads to the conclusion that little is presently
      known about the construct validity of successful programs, a problem that results
      primarily from the neglect of process assessment and analyses. The advantages and
      disadvantages of several future research approaches are discussed, including: (a)
      utilization of process measures within large scale treatment/no-treatment
      designs, (b) small-scale studies to test the effects of prevention components on
      process measures (e.g., attitudes, intentions to smoke), and (c) combinations of
      these two approaches.

PMID- 4054081
TI  - Inaccuracy of family health information: implications for prevention.
AB  - There is a conflict between the rest of the family's right to medical
      confidentiality and the individual's need to know about health risks for which
      she or he may show increased susceptibility. Research has shown increased risk in
      the development of a variety of disorders for those with a positive family
      history. In many cases the familial predisposition appears to interact with
      alterable environmental factors (e.g., diet). This suggests a need for targeting
      of preventive efforts at those at highest risk. As success of early detection and
      prevention programs increase, there will appear an increased need for accurate
      family health history information as an aid in early identification. Research on
      accuracy of family health information (Hastrup, Hotchkiss & Johnson, this issue)
      shows extensive inaccuracy. Implications of inaccurate information for self
      directed and public health prevention are described. Research and progress in
      prevention will likely accelerate, continuing to alter the traditional view from
      one of the individual with a personal health history to one in which individuals
      share a familial (genetic + shared environment + similar behavior patterns) risk
      with others, who may also benefit from preventive programs.

PMID- 4054082
TI  - Further education and specialisation in equine practice.

PMID- 4054083
TI  - Consequences and costs of infant care.

PMID- 4054084
TI  - Sir Frederick Hobday memorial lecture. Part 1: Practice, teaching and research--a
      common philosophy. Part 2: Concepts of critical care in the newborn foal.

PMID- 4054085
TI  - Diagnostic value of contrast echocardiography in the horse.
AB  - M-mode echocardiography is a safe and practical means of using ultrasound to
      evaluate the dynamic movements of cardiac structures. The technique can be
      refined by using a simple contrast medium in the form of carbon dioxide mixed
      with heparinised blood to provide a strong echogenic result. This technique was
      employed in a series of 15 normal conscious standing horses and in three animals
      with specific cardiac defects. In the clinical cases it was possible to confirm
      the diagnosis and differentiate between a congenital septal defect and mitral
      regurgitation. The method was found to be safe and relatively simple to perform
      using percutaneous insertion of catheters. The intracardiac catheterisation was
      trouble free and no clinical side effects to direct injection of the carbon
      dioxide contrast medium into the heart were demonstrated.

PMID- 4054086
TI  - Comparison of echocardiographic and autopsy measurements of cardiac dimensions in
      the horse.
AB  - This study was initiated to determine the accuracy of M-mode echocardiography in
      measuring left ventricular dimensions and estimating heart weights in horses.
      Left ventricular free wall and interventricular septal thickness and left
      ventricular external and internal diameters were measured and heart weights
      estimated from the echocardiograms of 47 horses. Autopsy measurements of the same
      parameters were then recorded. Statistical comparison of the data demonstrated:
      (1) Systolic measurements of wall thickness more closely resembled the heart in
      death than the diastolic measurements; (2) good correlations existed between
      parameters measured echocardiographically and at autopsy, especially wall
      thicknesses and left ventricular external diameter (maximum r = 0.82); (3) heart
      weight was readily predicted from echocardiographic wall thickness regressions
      (maximum R-squared = 68 per cent). M-mode echocardiography demonstrated the
      potential for direct and accurate measurements of cardiac mass and some
      ventricular dimensions in the horse. The data suggested that intense rigor and
      exsanguination may render the autopsied heart unsatisfactory for comparative
      measurements when assessing techniques such as echocardiography.

PMID- 4054087
TI  - Arthroscopic anatomy of the intercarpal and radiocarpal joints of the horse.
AB  - Arthroscopic anatomy of the equine intercarpal and radiocarpal joints was
      documented in six cadaver limbs and on observations made during surgical
      treatment of horses with carpal osteochondral fractures. Instrument positions and
      arthroscopic visualisation were recorded. The cadaver limbs were dissected and
      iatrogenic lesions recorded. A single arthroscopic portal examination was
      adequate in both joints; however, a second arthroscopic portal improved
      visualisation. The intercarpal joint was more easily examined than the
      radiocarpal joint because of anatomical differences. Iatrogenic lesions were
      associated with failure of joint capsule distention during penetration.

PMID- 4054088
TI  - Incorporation of L-75Se-cystine in tissue fragments from the matrix of the hoof
      and the claw--a tool for studying the pathogenesis of laminitis?
AB  - An in vitro method has been designed and used to study the incorporation of 75Se
      cystine into matrix fragments from hooves and claws of healthy horses and cattle.
      Tissue fragments from the zone of keratinisation were incubated with L-75Se
      cystine in a tissue culture medium for 4 to 6 h, during which time there was
      continuous incorporation of the labelled selenocystine. The incorporation was
      greatly decreased by adding L-cystine to the incubation mixture. It is concluded
      that the incorporation of 75Se-cystine depends on the presence of a specific
      receptor for cystine in the tissue fragments studied. The possible application of
      the method to studies of the pathogenesis of laminitis is discussed.

PMID- 4054089
TI  - Effects of level of dietary protein and exercise on growth rates of horses.
AB  - Rates of growth were measured in two-year-old (Experiment 1) and nine-month-old
      (Experiment 2) horses fed high (12 or 14 per cent) or low (6 or 8 per cent) crude
      protein diets with one of two levels of exercise (0 or 12 km trotting per day at
      12 km/h). In the non-exercised horses feed intakes and growth rates were greater
      on the high than on the low protein diets. Exercise increased feed intakes and
      growth rates of horses on the low but not the high protein diets, so that in the
      exercised groups there were no significant differences in feed intakes or growth
      rates between the horses on the two dietary protein levels. Exercise increased
      the apparent digestibility of dry matter, energy and crude protein. There were no
      differences in skeletal characteristics caused by either dietary protein level or
      exercise. These results suggest that the growing horse, if exercised regularly,
      may be given a diet of lower protein concentration than currently recommended
      without significant reduction in growth rate.

PMID- 4054091
TI  - Equine whole saliva: variability of some major constituents.
AB  - Whole saliva was collected from six horses over a period of five weeks in
      sufficient volume for the analysis of 10 constituents. There was considerable
      variation in the concentration of the analytes both between horses and between
      different days in the same horse. The most variable constituent was sodium, and
      the least variable was glucose, but this was derived from the sweet used to
      stimulate salivation. The use of whole saliva as a fluid for investigation would
      depend on achieving the minimum variability possible.

PMID- 4054090
TI  - Effects of exercise and level of dietary protein on digestive function in horses.
AB  - Rates of passage of fluid and particulate digesta markers and apparent
      digestibility estimated by three methods were compared in yearling horses fed
      high (14 per cent) or low (8 per cent) crude protein diets with one of two levels
      of exercise (0 or 12 km trotting per day at 12 km/h). Mean retention times (MRT)
      of the fluid marker (51Cr-EDTA) were shorter than those of the particulate marker
      (ruthenium-phenanthroline). There were no significant effects of dietary protein
      level on passage of either marker or on apparent digestibility of dry matter.
      Exercise increased voluntary feed intake and apparent digestibility and reduced
      the MRT of the particulate marker but increased the MRT of the fluid marker.
      Estimates of apparent digestibility based on acid-insoluble ash were similar to
      those calculated from total faecal collection but those based on chromic oxide
      were significantly lower.

PMID- 4054092
TI  - Effect of phenoxybenzamine in a pony with idiopathic diarrhoea.

PMID- 4054093
TI  - An unusual cause of anaesthetic death in a horse.

PMID- 4054094
TI  - LDL-mediated targeting of liposomes to leukemic lymphocytes in vitro.
AB  - We describe a method for the covalent coupling of low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
      to the surface of small unilamellar vesicles, and the delivery of the liposome
      content to leukemic L2C lymphocytes in vitro. We demonstrate the stability of the
      linkage between LDL and liposomes, the preservation of vesicle integrity and the
      affinity of the LDL for their specific receptors after the coupling reaction.
      Hygromycin B, an impermeant inhibitor of protein synthesis, was encapsulated in
      the targeted liposomes, and delivered into the cytoplasm of leukemic L2C
      lymphocytes by the LDL pathway, as demonstrated by the lethal effect on cells
      measured by 51chromium-release assay.

PMID- 4054095
TI  - Dependence of hepatocyte-specific gene expression on cell-cell interactions in
      primary culture.
AB  - In co-culture with non-parenchymal liver epithelial cells, rat hepatocytes show a
      marked increase in albumin and total protein synthesis when compared with cells
      maintained as pure populations in which an early decline in albumin secretion
      takes place. Analysis of the relative amounts of different mRNA sequences,
      determined by hybridization, indicated that the increase in protein synthesis
      resulted essentially from an increased level of the corresponding mRNAs. In
      addition, when cell-cell contacts were established between the two cell types
      several days after the seeding of hepatocytes, the stimulation of albumin
      secretion was similarly observed with a significant increase of the corresponding
      mRNA on days 10-14 of culture. Transcriptional assays, in which isolated nuclei
      were used for the study of RNA synthesis, showed that liver-specific gene
      transcription was significantly increased and maintained for at least 2 weeks.
      These results demonstrate for the first time long-term stabilization and
      reversibility of various specific mRNAs at high levels by adult hepatocytes in
      primary culture. They suggest that establishment of cell-cell contacts between
      hepatocytes and liver epithelial cells are essential for the maintenance of a
      high rate of transcription of the liver-specific genes.

PMID- 4054096
TI  - Mapping muscle protein genes by in situ hybridization using biotin-labeled
      probes.
AB  - The genes coding for the myosin heavy chain isoforms (unc-54, myo-1, myo-2 and
      myo-3) and the actins (act-1,2,3 and act-4) have been mapped on the embryonic
      metaphase chromosomes of Caenorhabditis elegans by in situ hybridization. The
      genes were cloned in a cosmid vector and the entire cosmid was nick translated to
      incorporate biotin-labeled dUTP. This produced a probe DNA complementary to a 35
      45 kb length of chromosomal DNA. The hybridization signal from the cosmid probe,
      detected by immunofluorescence, could be easily seen by eye. The clear signals
      and the specific hybridization of the cosmid probes provided a faster means of
      mapping these single copy genes than small probes cloned in plasmid or lambda
      vectors. The myosin heavy chain genes are not clustered. Only unc-54 and myo-1
      mapped to the same chromosome; the unc-54 locus is at the extreme right end of
      linkage group I and myo-1 mapped 40-50% from the left end of linkage group I. Myo
      2 mapped to the X, 52-75% from the left end. The myo-3 gene mapped to the middle
      of linkage group V near the cluster of three actin genes (act-1,2,3). The fourth
      actin gene, act-4 mapped to 20-35% from the left end of X.

PMID- 4054097
TI  - Astrocytes support incomplete differentiation of an oligodendrocyte precursor
      cell.
AB  - Glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes, but not neurons or
      fibroblasts, support the differentiation of an oligodendroglial precursor cell
      expressing O4 antigen and vimentin into an O4 antigen-positive, but vimentin
      negative oligodendrocyte. Further maturation into galactocerebroside (O1)
      positive oligodendrocytes is, however, not achieved under the culture conditions
      used, neither in the presence of astrocytes nor neurons.

PMID- 4054098
TI  - Use of gene transfer and a novel cosmid rescue strategy to isolate transforming
      sequences.
AB  - Mouse Lewis Lung tumor DNA was ligated to a cosmid containing a geneticin
      (G418)/kanamycin resistance gene and transferred into NIH3T3 cells. Recipient
      cells were first selected for geneticin resistance and subsequently for their
      ability to grow as a tumour when injected into nude mice. By repeating this
      transfection procedure with DNA from resultant tumours, geneticin-resistant
      NIH3T3 cells were obtained which were tumorigenic and contained approximately 1-5
      copies of the transferred cosmid. The functional oncogene was cloned by preparing
      cosmid libraries of third round tumour DNAs, using a cosmid which does not
      contain a kanamycin resistance gene. Due to the original linkage of the oncogene
      with the cosmid containing the kanamycin resistance gene, a series of kanamycin
      resistant cosmids were isolated, five of which contained an active oncogene.
      Subsequent analysis showed that the oncogene present was highly related to the
      human N-ras gene. Using a DNA probe from the MLL N-ras gene, a non-transforming
      counterpart was isolated from mouse liver DNA. A comparison between the two N-ras
      genes showed that a mutation at the amino acid position corresponding to 61 in
      the human gene is responsible for transforming activity of the rescued gene.

PMID- 4054099
TI  - DNA sequences responsible for tissue-specific expression of a chicken alpha
      crystallin gene in mouse lens cells.
AB  - We have studied the DNA sequences required for high-level expression of a cloned
      chicken alpha-crystallin gene by introducing a hybrid alpha/delta-crystallin gene
      into nuclei of mouse lens epithelial cells in primary culture. The level of
      transient expression of the hybrid gene consisting of the 5' upstream promoter
      region of the alpha-crystallin gene fused to the structural portion of the delta
      crystallin gene was determined by Western blot analysis using anti-delta
      crystallin serum. The hybrid gene appears to be expressed in a tissue-specific
      manner, since it is active in mouse lens cells but not in fibroblasts or in L
      cells. The DNA sequences located 242-189 bp upstream from the transcription
      initiation site are required for high-level expression in lens cells. They are
      active when their orientation is reversed at the original site or when placed
      approximately 1.7 kbp downstream from the cap site in the second intron of the
      hybrid gene in either orientation. When these DNA sequences were replaced by the
      enhancer sequences of Moloney murine leukemia virus, the hybrid gene was
      expressed in both lens cells and fibroblasts.

PMID- 4054100
TI  - beta s-Crystallin: structure and evolution of a distinct member of the beta gamma
      superfamily.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA of bovine lens beta s-crystallin has been
      determined, and the derived amino acid sequence has been confirmed by amino acid
      compositions and partial sequences of the tryptic peptides of this monomeric
      protein. beta s-Crystallin has a length of 177 residues, corresponding to a mol.
      wt. of 20 773, and a blocked N-terminal serine. Comparison of beta s with the
      known sequences of other beta- and gamma-crystallins, and computer construction
      of a phylogenetic tree of these sequences, shows beta s to be more closely
      related to the monomeric gamma-crystallins than to the oligomeric beta
      crystallins. Also the tertiary structure of beta s modelled by interactive
      computer graphics on the coordinates of gamma II-crystallin, revealed
      similarities with the gamma-crystallins which might explain its monomeric
      behavior: the presence of a very short N-terminal 'arm' as compared with the beta
      crystallins; a distribution of charged residues on the surface as in the gamma
      crystallins; and finally the nature of certain residues of its inter-domain
      contacts. beta s-Crystallin seems to be an old and isolated offshoot of the gamma
      family, and, considering its ancient origin, might well be present in other, non
      mammalian, vertebrate classes.

PMID- 4054101
TI  - Elucidation of the nucleotide sequence of chicken calcitonin mRNA: direct
      evidence for the expression of a lower vertebrate calcitonin-like gene in man and
      rat.
AB  - Calcitonin shows considerable divergence in amino acid sequence between lower
      vertebrates and higher vertebrates. Immunoreactive salmon-like calcitonin
      molecules are present in the thyroid of man and rat. Elucidation of the almost
      complete sequence of chicken calcitonin mRNA revealed that the calcitonin
      precursor in chickens had the same organisation as in higher vertebrates (man and
      rat) but showed considerable differences in amino acid sequence. cDNA probes
      specific for chicken calcitonin mRNA hybridized to poly(A)-rich RNA extracted
      from a case of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and from murine thyroid. These
      results suggest the expression in man and rat of a gene coding for an avian
      calcitonin-like precursor.

PMID- 4054104
TI  - Duplication of the ileum: a cause of intestinal obstruction (a case report).

PMID- 4054103
TI  - Carbohydrates of influenza virus. Structural elucidation of the individual
      glycans of the FPV hemagglutinin by two-dimensional 1H n.m.r. and methylation
      analysis.
AB  - The structures of the oligosaccharides of the hemagglutinin of fowl plague virus
      [influenza A/FPV/Rostock/34 (H7N1)] have been elucidated by one- and two
      dimensional 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy at 500 MHz and by microscale methylation
      analysis. N-Glycosidic oligosaccharides of the oligomannosidic (OM) and of the N
      acetyllactosaminic type have been found, the latter type comprising biantennary
      structures, without (A) or with (E) bisecting N-acetylglucosamine, and
      triantennary (C) structures. Analysis of the tryptic and thermolytic
      glycopeptides of the hemagglutinin allowed the allocation of these
      oligosaccharides to the individual glycosylation sites. Each attachment site
      contained a unique set of oligosaccharides. Asn12 contains predominantly
      structures C and E which are highly fucosylated. Asn28 contains OM and A
      structures that lack fucose and sulfate. Asn123 shows A that has incomplete
      antennae but is highly fucosylated and sulfated. Asn149 has fucosylated A and E.
      Asn231 shows fucosylated A and E with incomplete antennae. Asn406 has OM
      oligosaccharides. Asn478 has A and E with little fucose. Localization of the
      oligosaccharides on the three-dimensional structure of the hemagglutinin revealed
      that the oligomannosidic glycans are attached to glycosylation sites at which the
      enzymes responsible for carbohydrate processing do not have proper access. These
      observations demonstrate that an important structural determinant for the
      oligosaccharide side chains is the structure of the glycoprotein itself. In
      addition, evidence was obtained that the rate of glycoprotein synthesis also has
      an influence on carbohydrate structure.

PMID- 4054106
TI  - The Kellersberger memorial lecture, 1985. The role of BCG in the control of
      leprosy.

PMID- 4054105
TI  - Effects of Trichomonas vaginalis on the pH and glycogen content of the vagina.

PMID- 4054102
TI  - (AT)n is an interspersed repeat in the Xenopus genome.
AB  - We have observed (AT)34 and (AT)23 tracts close to the coding sequences of the
      Xenopus laevis tadpole alpha T1 and adult beta 1 globin genes, respectively. We
      show that (AT)n sequences are found as interspersed repeats within the Xenopus
      globin and histone gene loci. Using (AT)n co-polymer in filter hybridisation
      experiments we estimate that there are 10(4) (AT)n tracts per haploid Xenopus
      genome. Hybridisation to genomic blots of DNA from yeast, slime mold,
      trypanosome, fruit fly, salmon, chicken, rat, human, crab and Xenopus species
      shows that strictly alternating AT of sufficient length to hybridise appears to
      be most abundant in Xenopus and crab genomes. We show that the specificity of the
      co-polymer probe for strictly alternating AT is, however, dependent on the length
      of the probe. Hybridisation experiments using (TG)n copolymer suggest that this
      highly conserved repeat is found as clustered repeats in the Xenopus genome in
      contrast to other eukaryotic genomes so far studied.

PMID- 4054107
TI  - Diarrhoeal diseases in shelter populations: practical aspects of management.

PMID- 4054108
TI  - Plant small nuclear RNAs. Nucleolar U3 snRNA is present in plants: partial
      characterization.
AB  - Nuclei, isolated from a number of plant species by either of two independent,
      newly developed methods, regularly contained a common set of low-molecular-mass
      RNAs. Partial characterization of these RNAs, based on cell fractionation,
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic and chemical sequencing techniques, as well as
      comparison with literature data, revealed that, in addition to tRNA, 5S RNA and
      5.8S RNA, plant nuclei contain two families of low-molecular-mass RNAs, that are
      counterparts of vertebrate U1 and U5 RNAs respectively, and three individual low
      molecular-mass RNA species. One of these may be related to vertebrate U6 RNA. The
      two others are true eukaryotic U2 and U3 RNAs, respectively, on the basis of the
      following lines of evidence obtained from analyses of broad bean nuclear RNAs.
      The 3'-end portion (121 nucleotides sequenced) of broad bean U2 RNA shows a
      nearly perfect sequence homology with that of authentic pea U2 RNA. Broad bean U3
      RNA is localized in the nucleolus and its 3'-end portion (164 nucleotides
      sequenced) (a) shows sequence homology with that of both rat U3 RNA (48%) and
      Dictyostelium D2 RNA (39%), (b) has a secondary structure which fits perfectly
      that proposed for both rat U3 RNA and Dictyostelium D2 RNA, and (c) contains the
      specific sequence which, in a model based on the primary structure of rat U3 RNA,
      is supposed to be involved in the processing of eukaryotic 32S pre-ribosomal RNA.
      This is the first report on the occurrence in plants of nucleolar U3 RNA.

PMID- 4054109
TI  - Changes induced by ozone and ultraviolet light in type I collagen. Bovine
      Achilles tendon collagen versus rat tail tendon collagen.
AB  - High-molecular-mass aggregates were made soluble from insoluble collagens of
      bovine Achilles tendon and rat tail tendon by limited thermal hydrolysis. These
      polymeric collagen aggregates were cross-linked by 390-nm-fluorescent 3-hydroxy
      pyridinium residues (excited at 325 nm) in the former tendon and by unknown non
      fluorescent residues in the latter. With the solubilized insoluble-collagens from
      both tendons, as well as with acid-soluble collagen from rat tail tendon, other
      350-385-nm fluorescence intensities (excited at 300 nm) were found to be higher
      in monomeric chains than in dimeric and polymeric chains. Low levels of ozone
      inhibited fibril formation of acid-soluble collagen particularly from young rat
      tail tendon, reacting with tyrosine residues and the 350-385-nm fluorophores.
      Aldehyde groups, involved in cross-linking, were not effectively modified by
      ozone. beta-Components (alpha-chain dimers) were not efficiently dissociated even
      by higher doses of ozone compared to gamma-components (alpha-chain trimers).
      Polymeric chain aggregates from bovine Achilles tendon collagen, whose 3-hydroxy
      pyridinium cross-links are cleaved by ozone, were more readily dissociated by
      ozone than those from rat tail tendon collagen. Ultraviolet (300-nm) light, which
      destroyed the 350-385-nm fluorophores, inhibited fibril formation less
      effectively than ultraviolet (275-nm) light, which is absorbed by tyrosine
      residues, and did not dissociate collagen polymers from rat tail tendon. On the
      other hand, ultraviolet (320-nm) light, absorbed by 3-hydroxy-pyridinium cross
      links which were rapidly photolyzed, partially dissociated polymeric collagen
      aggregates from bovine Achilles tendon after subsequent heating.

PMID- 4054110
TI  - The amino acid sequence of the light chain of human high-molecular-mass
      kininogen.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of the light chain of human high-molecular-mass
      kininogen has been determined. The peptide chain contains 255 amino acid
      residues. The half-cystine, which forms the disulfide bridge to the heavy chain,
      was identified in position 225. Nine carbohydrate attachment sites were found.
      All carbohydrate side chains are O-glycosidically linked. Alignment of the
      present sequence with the bovine kininogen light chain sequence shows a high
      degree of homology, except for an extension of 22 amino acids within the
      histidine-rich part of the sequence. The histidine-rich region may have arisen by
      gene multiplication during evolution.

PMID- 4054111
TI  - Gelatin-degrading activity secreted by cultured macrophages from human blood.
AB  - Gelatin-binding proteins (fibronectin and the 95 000-Mr protein [T. Vartio, T.
      Hovi & A. Vaheri (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 8862-8866] were isolated by gelatin
      agarose from the growth medium of cultured human monocyte/macrophages and the 95
      000-Mr protein was further separated from fibronectin under nondenaturing
      conditions by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the latter the
      proteins were eluted from the bottom of the tube gel into fractions which were
      then tested for ability to degrade native or heat-denatured type I collagen
      (gelatin). When solutions from fractions containing the 95 000-Mr protein were
      incubated with gelatin, degradation was revealed by analysis of the reaction
      mixtures in the sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Native
      type I collagen as well as native or heat-denatured fibronectin or other plasma
      proteins were unaffected when tested similarly. The degradation of gelatin was
      calcium-dependent and was inhibited by serum, sulfhydryl and metal-chelating
      reagents, but not with serine proteinase inhibitors. Gelatin was degraded
      optimally at pH 7-9 and at 41 degrees C and 37 degrees C and less effectively at
      22 degrees C. Native type I collagen was degraded at 41 degrees C but not at 37
      degrees C or 22 degrees C. The results show that cultured human macrophages
      secrete highly specific gelatin-degrading metal-proteinase activity which is
      associated with the 95 000-Mr gelatin-binding protein.

PMID- 4054112
TI  - Primary structures and Lewis blood-group-dependent expression of major sialylated
      saccharides from mucus glycoproteins of human seminal plasma.
AB  - The primary structures of four major sialylated saccharide alditols derived from
      mucus glycoproteins of human seminal plasma were established by fast-atom
      bombardment mass spectrometry and methylation analysis. Anomeric configurations
      of the glycosidic bonds were determined by exoglycosidase digestion and CrO3
      oxidation. (Formula: see text) Two minor components represent isomers of the
      major saccharide in A6, which are probably characterized by terminal sequences
      NeuAc(2----3)Gal(1----4)[Fuc(1----3)]GlcNAc(1---- and Fuc(1----2)Gal(1---
      4)[NeuAc(2----6)]GlcNAc(1----, respectively. Based on quantitative data from high
      pressure liquid chromatography and on structural information, the biosynthetic
      pathways for neutral and sialylated saccharides related to the Lewis system were
      proposed. Expression of saccharides A6, A7 and A8 and their asialo counterparts,
      which are characterized by antigenic determinants H, Lex and Ley, respectively,
      is qualitatively and quantitatively dependent on the Lewis blood type of the
      respective donor and correlates with Ca 19-9 activity of its seminal plasma.

PMID- 4054113
TI  - Alterations in rats in vivo of the chemical structure of lipopolysaccharide from
      Salmonella abortus equi.
AB  - A biosynthetically double-labelled lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Salmonella
      abortus equi was used to study possible in vivo degradation of LPS in rats. The
      preparation designated rLPS-I was labelled with 3H in the fatty acids and 14C in
      the sugars. Three days after its intravenous injection the concentration of the
      two isotopes in the liver was analysed directly by combustion of liver tissue in
      a sample oxidizer. It was found that compared to the starting LPS, less 3H
      activity was present than 14C, indicating that partial deacylation had occurred.
      Reisolation and purification of radioactive material present in the liver
      revealed that all radioactivity was present in a macromolecular form. Analysis
      showed that the ratio of the two isotopes was identical to that determined in the
      starting liver tissue. To exclude the possibility that the loss of 3H might have
      been due to isotopic dilution the above experiments were repeated with a second
      LPS preparation (rLPS-II) labelled with 14C in the fatty acids and 3H in
      glucosamine. Isotopic analysis confirmed that here too a lower content of fatty
      acids in the LPS was present in the liver. A large-scale (20 rats) reisolation of
      non-radioactive LPS of S. abortus equi from rat livers three days after injection
      was carried out. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of 3-deoxy-D-manno
      octulosonic acid, heptose, galactose, mannose and rhamnose in a molar ratio
      similar to that of the original LPS. However a significant reduction in the
      amount of abequose was found. Fatty acid analysis showed a significant reduction
      in the content of 3-hydroxytetradecanoic, dodecanoic and hexadecanoic acids,
      while 2-hydroxytetradecanoic acid was virtually absent. Only the relative amount
      of tetradecanoic acid was comparable to that of the starting LPS. Biological
      activity tests on the reisolated material showed a reduced antigenic activity.
      However, pyrogenicity, lethal toxicity, local Shwartzman-inducing properties and
      Limulus lysate gelating activity were comparable to the starting S. abortus equi
      LPS.

PMID- 4054114
TI  - Binding of [1-13C]galactose-labeled N-acetyllactosamine to Erythrina cristagalli
      agglutinin as studied by 13C-NMR.
AB  - The equilibrium binding kinetics of enzymatically prepared N-acetyllactosamine to
      the lectin from Erythrina cristagalli have been investigated by 13C-NMR
      spectroscopy. Under the experimental conditions used, NMR signals in the
      spectrum, corresponding to both the free and bound disaccharide species, were
      observed for the first time. This has permitted the simultaneous determinations
      of the equilibrium binding constant and the number of binding sites per lectin
      molecule. At the relatively high lectin concentrations used (0.3-0.87 mM), the
      association constants determined at 31 degrees C (approximately 6 X 10(3) M-1)
      are typically lower then those obtained by other methods employing much lower
      lectin concentrations. Extrapolation of the experimentally observed values to
      infinite dilution gave a better fit of the data (Ka approximately 1.4 X 10(4) M
      1) with the binding constant determined by other methods (K approximately 1.1 X
      10(4) M-1). The sugar residence time on the lectin (approximately 0.2 s) was
      determined directly from the signal's line-width using total line-shape analysis.
      Similar NMR experiments may permit an analysis of the interaction of the lectin
      with glycoproteins and cells labelled with 13C-enriched galactose residues.
      Moreover, information on lectin-galactose interactions at the binding site may be
      obtained by using galactose labeled at various carbons.

PMID- 4054115
TI  - Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
      BD4.
AB  - Compositional analysis of the intact and carboxyl-reduced capsular polysaccharide
      of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus BD4 (PS-4) showed it to consist of L-rhamnose, D
      glucose, D-glucuronic and D-mannose in molar ratios of 4:1:1:1. 13C-nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectroscopy, methylation analysis, oligosaccharide analysis
      and base-catalyzed beta-elimination were used to elucidate the primary structure.
      Oligosaccharides were obtained by enzymatic depolymerization with a specific
      bacteriophage-induced depolymerase and by partial acid hydrolysis. Form the
      results it is concluded that PS-4 consists of repeating units of the
      heptasaccharide (Formula: see text). The bacteriophage-induced depolymerase was
      found to be an endo-beta-D-glucosidase that hydrolyzed the bond beta-D-Glc-(1---
      3)-L-Rha to generate a heptasaccharide in 40% yield.

PMID- 4054116
TI  - Structural parameters and natural occurrence of 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N
      glycoloylneuraminic acid.
AB  - 2-Deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-glycoloylneuraminic acid has been found to occur in
      porcine, bovine and equine submandibular glands as well as in the urine of pig,
      horse and rat. This novel, unsaturated sialic acid was isolated by gel filtration
      and ion-exchange chromatography. Final purification was achieved by column
      chromatography or by preparative thin-layer chromatography on cellulose. The
      structural analysis was performed by combined capillary gas-liquid
      chromatography/mass spectrometry. The various data were compared with those from
      synthetic 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-glycoloylneuraminic acid. Besides of the
      unsaturated N-glycoloylated sialic acid, also the corresponding N-acetylated
      derivative was present in the materials analyzed. The inhibitory effect of 2
      deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-glycoloylneuraminic acid on Vibrio cholerae sialidase using
      N-acetylneuraminyl-(alpha 2----3)-lactose as substrate is slightly higher (50%
      inhibition at 10 microM) when compared with 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N
      acetylneuraminic acid (50% inhibition at 15 microM).

PMID- 4054117
TI  - Hydrolysis and rearrangement reactions of riboflavin phosphates. An explicit
      kinetic study.
AB  - Four isomeric monophosphates and five isomeric bisphosphates of riboflavin were
      isolated from commercial FMN or were prepared by acid-catalyzed isomerization.
      The reaction of riboflavin monophosphates in aqueous solution was studied in the
      pH range between 0 and 9 under various conditions. The predominant reaction at pH
      values below 2 is the acid-catalyzed migration of the phosphate group. A detailed
      kinetic study of this reaction was performed by high pressure liquid
      chromatography. Experimental data were fitted with computer-generated curves
      based on an algorithm for a network of first-order reactions. Rate constants and
      activation parameters were obtained for the temperature range of 50-80 degrees C
      at pH 1. At thermodynamic equilibrium, the reaction mixture contains about 66% 5'
      phosphate, 11% 4'-phosphate, 8% 3'-phosphate, and 15% 2'-phosphate (pH 1.0, 50
      degrees C). In the pH range between 3 and 7, the hydrolysis of FMN is the
      prevailing reaction with a rate maximum at about pH 4. The same experimental
      approach was used in a subsequent kinetic study on the isomerization of
      riboflavin bisphosphates. The formation of five out of six possible isomers was
      studied quantitatively and rate constants for each partial reaction were
      obtained.

PMID- 4054118
TI  - Experimental evidence for multistability in a photobiochemical system.
AB  - The kinetic behavior of a typical Hill reaction catalyzed by thylakoids and using
      the oxidized form of 2,6-dichloroindophenol (DCPIPox) as the artificial electron
      acceptor, is considered. Here, the light absorption process and the reduction of
      DCPIPox are autocatalytically coupled, leading to the occurrence of multiple
      steady states with respect to either the acceptor concentration or the incident
      light intensity. Experimental evidence is presented for both cases and the
      emergence of autocatalysis is discussed. The effect of the spatial arrangement on
      the global behavior of the system described is emphasized.

PMID- 4054119
TI  - Structures of N-terminally acetylated proteins.
AB  - Primary structures of 250 characterized proteins with N-terminally acetylated
      residues were correlated with residue distributions and other data. Excluding
      multiple forms derived from characterized species variants, the structures
      represent 105 different types of acetylated proteins. Results of comparisons
      extend previous suggestions based on fewer structures and define relationships
      further. The N-terminal residue that is acetylated is of a limited type and is
      frequently a small residue, with a heavy over-representation of serine and
      alanine. However, the occurrence of methionine at the acetylated position is also
      high, whereas that of glycine is less frequent than previously estimated. Lysine
      is over-represented in the N-terminal region, as is aspartic and glutamic acids
      at a few positions close to the acetylated N-terminus (especially the adjacent
      position). Finally, distributions of branched-chain residues in the N-terminal
      region of acetylated proteins are altered in relation to those of proteins in
      general, isoleucine is over-represented, and leucine and valine are under
      represented. The results suggest that alpha-amino-acetylated proteins have
      special residues in N-terminally non-hydrophobic structures. Data are compatible
      with a protective function for acetylation but do not exclude further role(s) in
      processing or other special functions.

PMID- 4054120
TI  - Bovine fatty acid binding proteins. Isolation and characterisation of two cardiac
      fatty acid binding proteins that are distinct from corresponding hepatic
      proteins.
AB  - When a 100,000 X g supernatant from bovine heart was incubated with [1-14C]oleic
      acid and subjected to isoelectric focusing, two fatty acid binding proteins
      (FABPs) with isoelectric points at 4.9 and 5.1 were detected. The proteins were
      purified on a large scale first by heat and acid precipitation of a
      postmitochondrial supernatant, as well as fractionation with ammonium sulfate,
      then by alternate application of ion-exchange and gel chromatography. The
      procedure afforded around 60 mg pure proteins from 1.5 kg fresh heart muscle.
      Relative molecular masses of 15 300 +/- 1600 for both proteins were derived from
      sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gel chromatography,
      sedimentation velocity as well as from amino acid analysis. Up to 50% of the
      proteins' secondary structures consisted of beta-sheet. N-termini of the peptide
      chains were blocked; the amino acid compositions of the two proteins were
      similar, but differed considerably from those of the two FABPs isolated from
      bovine liver [Haunerland et al. (1984) Hoppe Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 365, 365
      376]. Whereas hepatic FABPs changed their pI upon binding fatty acids, cardiac
      FABPs did not. Cardiac FABPs were immunologically identical, but did not cross
      react with hepatic proteins. A reversible, concentration-dependent self
      association reported for FABP from pig heart [Fournier et al. (1983) Biochemistry
      22, 1863-1872] was not observed for FABP from bovine heart. Changes of
      concentration did not alter secondary structure, intrinsic fluorescence or the
      sedimentation coefficient of the protein.

PMID- 4054121
TI  - Kinetic co-operativity of monomeric mnemonical enzymes. The significance of the
      kinetic Hill coefficient.
AB  - The expression of the kinetic Hill coefficient for a two-substrate, two-product
      mnemonical enzyme has been derived. Its relation with the gamma coefficient, that
      is the slope of the reciprocal plots for 1/[A]----O, has been established. The
      variation of this Hill coefficient, as a function of the second substrate and
      product concentrations, has been studied theoretically. Whereas the gamma
      coefficient does not vary as a function of the substrate and first product
      concentrations, the kinetic Hill coefficient does. If the enzyme is positively co
      operative, the Hill coefficient increases upon increasing the second substrate
      concentration and decreases if the first product concentration is increased. The
      converse is expected to occur if the enzyme displays a negative co-operativity.
      The last product may either reverse a positive co-operativity into a negative one
      or, alternatively, strengthen an already negative co-operativity. The co
      operativity generated by the mnemonical model has been compared to the kinetic
      behaviour of a random model. These two models have been shown to be discriminated
      on the basis of the departure they show with respect to the Michaelis-Menten
      behaviour. These theoretical considerations have been applied to previously
      published data, obtained with wheat germ hexokinase LI. This monomeric enzyme has
      a negative co-operativity with respect to the preferred substrate, glucose. The
      Hill coefficient decreases with MgATP concentration, increases with MgADP
      concentration and decreases with glucose-6-phosphate concentration. This is
      exactly what is to be expected on the basis of the above theory of kinetic co
      operativity.

PMID- 4054122
TI  - Selective synthesis of the hexaenoic molecular species of ether-linked
      glycerophosphoethanolamine of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
AB  - In a previous study [Waku, K. and Nakazawa, Y. (1978) Eur. J. Biochem. 88, 489
      494], we observed the rapid turnover rate of the molecular species of alkylacyl
      glycerophosphoethanolamine (Gro-P-Etn) containing docosahexaenoic acid and the
      high selectivity for this molecular species of ethanolamine phosphotransferase
      was suggested. To clarify this point, the incorporation of [14C]ethanolamine and
      [14C]CDP-ethanolamine into the individual molecular species of alkenylacyl,
      alkylacyl and diacyl Gro-P-Etn has been determined in Ehrlich ascites tumor
      cells. [14C]Ethanolamine was highly incorporated into the pentaenoic + hexaenoic
      species of alkenylacyl, alkylacyl and diacyl Gro-P-Etn, whereas incorporation of
      [14C]ethanolamine into molecular species other than the pentaenoic + hexaenoic
      species was quite low. The selectivity of ethanolamine phosphotransferase to form
      the molecular species of alkylacyl and diacyl Gro-P-Etn was examined by
      incubation of [14C]CDP-ethanolamine and microsomes of Ehrlich ascites tumor
      cells. The incorporation of [14C]CDP-ethanolamine was found to occur most into
      the pentaenoic + hexaenoic species of both alkylacyl and diacyl Gro-P-Etn. The
      present results suggest that the pentaenoic + hexaenoic species are
      preferentially synthesized among the various kinds of molecular species of
      alkylacyl and diacyl Gro-P-Etn by the ethanolamine phosphotransferase in Ehrlich
      ascites tumor cells.

PMID- 4054123
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the old yellow enzyme. 1. 15N NMR of the
      enzyme recombined with 15N-labeled flavin mononucleotides.
AB  - The apoenzyme of NADPH oxidoreductase, 'old yellow enzyme', was reconstituted
      with specifically 15N-labeled flavin mononucleotide and investigated by 15N NMR
      spectroscopy in the oxidized and reduced state. The results indicate that in the
      oxidized state a hydrogen bond is formed between the N(5) atom and the
      apoprotein. In addition, hydrogen bonds exist between the N(1) and N(3) atoms of
      FMN and the apoprotein. The resonance position of N(10) indicates that this atom
      is somewhat sp3-hybridized, i.e. lifted out of the molecular plane of the
      isoalloxazine ring system. In the reduced state the N(1) atom is negatively
      charged and the N(3) atom forms a hydrogen bond with the apoprotein. The N(10)
      atom in protein-bound FMN exhibits about the same hybridization state as in free
      anionic reduced FMN, i.e. it is located in the plane of the isoalloxazine ring.
      The chemical shift of the N(5) resonance indicates that this atom is almost
      completely sp3-hybridized. This interpretation can also be derived from the
      15N(5)-1H coupling constant. Among the flavoproteins thus far studied by NMR
      techniques, old yellow enzyme is the only protein that shows a conformation of
      the reduced prosthetic group with the N(5) atom lifted out of the molecular
      plane. The isoelectric focussing properties of old yellow enzyme and a new easy
      method for the preparation of the apoprotein are also reported.

PMID- 4054124
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the old yellow enzyme. 2. 13C NMR of the
      enzyme recombined with 13C-labeled flavin mononucleotides.
AB  - The apoenzyme of NADPH oxidoreductase, 'old yellow enzyme', was reconstituted
      with selectively 13C-enriched flavin mononucleotides and investigated by 13C NMR
      spectroscopy. The 13C NMR results confirm the results obtained by 15N NMR
      spectroscopy and yield additional information about the coenzyme-apoenzyme
      interaction. A strong deshielding of the C(2) and C(4) atoms of enzyme-bound FMN
      both in the oxidized and reduced state is observed, which is supposed to be
      induced by hydrogen-bond formation between the protein and the two carbonyl
      groups at C(2) and C(4) of the isoalloxazine ring system. The chemical shifts of
      all 13C resonances of the flavin in the two-electron-reduced state indicate that
      the N(5) atom is sp3-hybridized. From 31P NMR measurements it is concluded that
      the FMN phosphate group is not accessible to bulk solvent. The unusual 31P
      chemical shift of FMN in old yellow enzyme seems to indicate a different binding
      mode of the FMN phosphate group in this enzyme as compared to the flavodoxins.
      The 13C and 15N NMR data on the old-yellow-enzyme--phenolate complexes show that
      the atoms of the phenolate are more deshielded whereas the atoms of the enzyme
      bound isoalloxazine ring are more shielded upon complexation. A non-linear
      correlation exists between the chemical shifts of the N(5) and the N(10) atoms
      and the pKa value of the phenolate derivative bound to the protein. Since the
      chemical shifts of N(5), N(10) and C(4a) are influenced most on complexation it
      is suggested that the phenolate is bound near the pyrazine ring of the
      isoalloxazine system. 15N NMR studies on the complex between FMN and 2
      aminobenzoic acid indicate that the structure of this complex differs from that
      of the old-yellow-enzyme--phenolate complexes.

PMID- 4054125
TI  - Translation kinetics in cultured mouse hepatoma cells. Regulation of albumin
      synthesis by amino acids.
AB  - The synthesis of albumin in the liver has been shown to correlate with the
      availability of essential amino acids in the diet. We have investigated this
      phenomenon in the highly differentiated mouse hepatoma cell line, Hepa. Cells
      were grown for three days in complete medium with daily changes. The cells were
      then incubated for 22 h in media containing varying concentrations of individual
      essential amino acids. The deficient media were then changed; 1.5 h later the
      cells were labeled for 0.5 h with [3H]leucine. Albumin was immunoprecipitated and
      total protein was acid-precipitated from postribosomal supernatants of detergents
      solubilized cells. With the exception of isoleucine, the relative rates of
      albumin synthesis decreased as a function of amino acid concentration from 4.3%
      in complete medium to 2.5% in totally deficient media. This specific reduction in
      albumin synthesis was confirmed by analysis of labeled Hepa proteins displayed on
      sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels. Essential amino acid limitation
      reduced total protein synthesis by 50%. This is the result of a decrease in the
      translation efficiency of total mRNA from 5 to 3 polypeptides/message min-1 and
      is consistent with a reduction in the initiation rate. In contrast, the 70%
      decrease in albumin synthesis was a result of a reduced number of functional
      albumin messages/cell. The translation efficiency of these albumin messages
      remained unchanged at 1.

PMID- 4054126
TI  - Homologies and anomalies in primary structural patterns of nucleotide binding
      proteins.
AB  - In searches for homology among nucleotide binding proteins, recent reports have
      described primary structure alignments for stretches of 30 or so amino acid
      residues among a variety of proteins including the ras and src oncogene products.
      The significance of these sequence matches has been tested by searching in
      available data banks for certain conserved residue patterns resulting from the
      alignments. The tests suggest that alignments over these limited stretches are
      not necessarily justifiable and any implications for residues involved in
      nucleotide binding must be viewed with caution.

PMID- 4054127
TI  - Biosynthesis, isolation and properties of NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase
      from the yeast Candida methylica.
AB  - NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.2), was isolated from the methanol
      utilizing yeast Candida methylica. Two purification techniques for the enzyme
      from the crude yeast extract have been developed: a two-step procedure, involving
      a sequential application of DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography and
      Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, and a single-step procedure, preparative
      isoelectric focusing in a granulated gel layer. The enzyme proved to be
      electrophoretically homogeneous. It consisted of two identical subunits with a
      relative molecular mass of 46 000, each containing one -SH group related to
      manifestation of the catalytic activity. The Michaelis constant was 1 X 10(-4) M
      for NAD and 1.3 X 10(-2) M for formate. Formate dehydrogenase was inhibited with
      p-chlormercuribenzoate, iodoacetamide, dithionitrobenzoate, cyanide and azide.

PMID- 4054128
TI  - The respiratory burst of bovine neutrophils. Role of a b type cytochrome and
      coenzyme specificity.
AB  - A new method of preparation of bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) is
      described. The subcellular distribution of cytochrome b in resting and activated
      bovine PMN was compared to that of the O2-.-generating oxidase (assessed as NADPH
      cytochrome c reductase inhibited by superoxide dismutase). In resting PMN and in
      PMN activated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), cytochrome b was located into
      two membrane fractions, one of which was enriched in plasma membrane and
      cosedimented with alkaline phosphatase, while the other consisted of a denser
      material cosedimenting with markers of the specific and azurophil granules, i.e.
      the vitamin-B12-binding protein and myeloperoxidase respectively. During
      activation of PMN by PMA, 15-20% cytochrome b migrated from dense granules to the
      plasma membrane. The distribution of the O2-. generating oxidase and cytochrome b
      in subcellular particles was studied during the course of phagocytosis of PMA
      coated latex beads by bovine PMN. At the onset of the respiratory burst, the
      phagocytic vacuoles arising from internalization of the plasma membrane were
      enriched in oxidase and alkaline phosphatase, but their specific content of
      cytochrome b was limited; in contrast, cytochrome b was predominant in denser
      membrane fractions cosedimenting with myeloperoxidase and the vitamin-B12-binding
      protein. After a few minutes of phagocytosis, a fraction of light vacuoles,
      slightly denser than the phagocytic vacuoles, became enriched in O2-.-generating
      oxidase, cytochrome b, the vitamin-B12-binding protein and myeloperoxidase. These
      vacuoles probably arose from the fusion of the phagocytic vacuoles with dense
      granules. In bovine PMN supplemented with glucose and maintained in anaerobiosis,
      activation by PMA induced slow reduction of cytochrome b (60-70% in 15 min at 37
      degrees C). Similar results were obtained with cytoplasts after activation by PMA
      (30% reduction in 3 min at 37 degrees C). Cytochrome b in a particulate fraction
      obtained by centrifugation at 100 000 X g of an homogenate of PMA-activated PMN,
      was slowly reduced upon addition of NADPH under anaerobiosis (less 20% in 20 min
      at 37 degrees C). No reduction occurred in the 100 000 X g fraction prepared from
      non-activated PMN. The Soret band of cytochrome b reduced by dithionite was
      displaced by CO only by 1-2 nm. At subsaturating concentrations, CO had no effect
      on the rate of O2 uptake by activated bovine PMN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 4054129
TI  - Secondary structure of the pore-forming colicin A and its C-terminal fragment.
      Experimental fact and structure prediction.
AB  - Conformational investigations, using circular dichroism, on the pore-forming
      protein, colicin A (Mr 60 000), and a C-terminal bromelain fragment (Mr 20 000)
      were undertaken to estimate their secondary structure and to search for pH
      dependent conformational changes. Colicin A and the bromelain peptide are mainly
      alpha-helical with an enrichment of the alpha-helical content in the C-terminal
      domain carrying the ionophoric activity. The non-negligible beta-sheet structure
      in the C-terminal domain is unstable and is easily transformed into alpha-helix
      upon decreasing the polarity of the solvent. No evidence of pH-dependent
      conformational modification, correlated with modification of colicin A activity,
      could be obtained. The secondary structure estimated on the basis of experimental
      data favoured a model in which the pore is built of a minimal number of six
      transmembrane alpha-helical segments. Search for such segments in the amino acid
      sequence of the C-terminal domain of colicin A was carried out by combining
      secondary structure prediction methods with hydrophobicity and hydrophobic
      movement calculations. Similar calculations on the C-terminal domains of colicin
      E1 and IB indicate a common structure of the pores formed by colicin A, E1 and
      IB. Only two or three putative transmembrane segments could be selected in the
      sequences of colicin A, IB or E1. As a result, it is concluded that the channel
      is probably not built by a single colicin molecule but more likely by an
      oligomer.

PMID- 4054131
TI  - Activation of phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase by human apolipoprotein
      E isoforms.
AB  - The reaction catalysed by phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase (EC
      2.3.1.43) is believed to be the major source of cholesteryl ester in human
      plasma; the enzyme requires a protein activator. Several human apolipoproteins
      were found to exhibit an activator function, the major one being apolipoprotein A
      I. Human apolipoprotein E exists in the population mainly in three different
      genetic isoforms; apolipoprotein E-2, E-3 and E-4. These isopeptides were
      isolated from subjects homozygous for one of the isoforms, incorporated into
      phospholipid/cholesterol/[14C]cholesterol complexes by the cholate dialysis
      procedure and used to measure capacity to activate phosphatidylcholine-sterol
      acyltransferase in comparison to apolipoprotein A-I lipid substrate particles
      prepared by the same procedure. Acyltransferase activity was measured by the
      formation of [14C]cholesteryl ester from [14C]cholesterol using purified enzyme.
      With egg yolk phosphatidylcholine as acyl donor, apo E was 15-19% as efficient as
      apolipoprotein A-I for activation of the acyltransferase. Apo-E-stimulated
      cholesteryl ester formation by the enzyme was enhanced when 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl
      glycerophosphocholine was used as a substrate phospholipid (45% of apo A
      I/phosphatidylcholine control) and most pronounced with
      dimyristoylglycerophosphocholine (75% of apo A-I/phosphatidylcholine control). No
      significant difference in activation was found between apo E isoforms. It is
      concluded that apolipoprotein E activates phosphatidylcholine-sterol
      acyltransferase in vitro and that apolipoprotein E isoforms are similarly
      effective.

PMID- 4054130
TI  - Interaction of alpha-crystallin with lens plasma membranes. Affinity for MP26.
AB  - The binding of the major water-soluble lens protein alpha-crystallin to the lens
      plasma membrane has been investigated by reassociating purified alpha-crystallin
      with alpha-crystallin-depleted membranes and with phospholipid vesicles in which
      the lens membrane protein MP26 had been reconstituted. alpha-Crystallin
      reassociates at high affinity (Kd = 13 X 10(-8)M) with alkali-washed lens plasma
      membranes but not with lens plasma membranes treated with guanidine/HCl, nor with
      phospholipid vesicles or erythrocyte membranes. Binding to lens plasma membranes
      is dependent on salt, temperature and pH and occurs in a saturable manner.
      Reconstitution of MP26 into phospholipid vesicles and subsequent analysis of
      alpha-crystallin binding suggests the involvement of this transmembrane protein.
      Binding ist not influenced by pretreatment of membranes with proteases,
      suggesting that the 4-kDa cytoplasmic fragment of MP26 is not necessary for alpha
      crystallin binding. Labeling experiments using (trifluoromethyl)-3-(m
      [125I]iodophenyl)diazirine as a probe for intrinsic membrane proteins further
      showed that alpha-crystallin contains hydrophobic regions on its surface which
      might enable this protein to make contact with the lipid bilayer. Newly
      synthesized alpha-crystallin, in lens culture, is not associated with the plasma
      membrane, suggesting that the assembly of alpha-crystallin aggregates does not
      take place in a membrane-bound mode.

PMID- 4054132
TI  - Phase equilibria in four lysophosphatidylcholine/water systems. Exceptional
      behaviour of 1-palmitoyl-glycerophosphocholine.
AB  - The phase equilibria in four lysophosphatidylcholine/water systems were
      investigated at different temperatures. Each of the 1-palmitoyl-, 1-stearoyl-, 1
      oleoyl- and 1-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines was dispersed in heavy water
      at different concentrations. The phase structures were determined by 2H-, 14N-
      and 31P-NMR, polarization microscopy and low-angle X-ray diffraction. The phase
      diagrams of the oleoyl and linoleoyl systems were quite similar. At room
      temperature and with decreasing water content the isotropic micellar solution was
      followed by a hexagonal phase and then a cubic phase. Finally the lamellar phase
      appeared before the region of hydrated crystals. The same sequence of phases was
      observed in the stearoyl system at elevated temperatures. The palmitoyl system
      differed from the others: here a cubic phase followed after the micellar
      solution, then came a hexagonal phase and after this a lamellar phase. In general
      the lysophosphatidylcholines seem to behave similarly to the many soaps and
      detergents as they show the same sequence of isotropic micellar solution,
      hexagonal phase, lamellar phase with interspersed cubic phases. The presently
      established phase diagrams demonstrate that the major lysophosphatidylcholines
      which may be generated by phospholipase A2 in mammalian cell membranes, viz. 1
      palmitoyl- and 1-stearoyl-glycerophosphocholines differ greatly in their packing
      properties. The extraordinary ability of 1-palmitoyl-glycerophosphocholine to
      form a cubic phase in equilibrium with a micellar solution is of particular
      interest with regard to the possible occurrence of cubic structures in
      biomembranes during the process of fusion.

PMID- 4054133
TI  - Personal view: In-hospital patient management strategies after acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - The coronary patient after the striking experience of a myocardial infarction
      faces a completely new situation possibly affecting lifestyle, occupation and
      life expectancy. A dedicated post-infarction diagnostic strategy for the
      evaluation of the individual risk of suffering from a future coronary event, or
      of dying, requires profound knowledge of the impact of medical and surgical
      therapies on the survival rate and on the quality of life after infarction.

PMID- 4054134
TI  - Range of normal values for left and right ventricular ejection fraction at rest
      and during exercise assessed by radionuclide angiocardiography.
AB  - In order to reach a world-wide consensus on the normal range of left (LV) and
      right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction (EF) at rest and during exercise, pooled
      data of 1200 normal subjects from 28 leading centres in the field of nuclear
      cardiology (68% of those contacted) was analysed. Weighted mean normal values for
      LVEF at rest were 62.3 +/- 6.1% (ISD) with a lower limit of normal of 50% and for
      RVEF 52.3 +/- 6.2% (N = 365) with a lower limit of normal of 40%. During
      exercise, LVEF increased in 475 subjects by +8.0 EF% (range 3-15%), a normal
      increase being accepted to be greater than or equal to 5% over a normal resting
      value for both LVEF and RVEF. Subgroup analysis of results at rest revealed no
      significant differences regarding selection of normal subjects (based on normal
      catheterization findings vs. normal volunteers with low probability of disease),
      age or sex. During exercise, however, significantly larger increases in LVEF
      measurements were noted for men versus women (P less than 0.01), for normal
      volunteers versus subjects selected as 'normals' based on a normal coronary
      angiogram (P less than 0.001) and for younger versus older subjects (P less than
      0.001). Data on reproducibility and variability showed that radionuclide
      angiocardiography can be considered to be a reliable method today. No consensus
      was found for measurements of regional LV function or wall motion mainly because
      of differences in methodology used. These normal values may serve as general
      guidelines for future applications of these techniques but factors which may
      influence the normal range as defined and discussed in this study should be
      recognized.

PMID- 4054136
TI  - Comparative haemodynamic effects of intravenous flecainide in patients with and
      without heart failure and with and without beta-blocker therapy.
AB  - The haemodynamic effects of flecainide were compared in three different subsets
      of patients with documented coronary disease. Ten patients (A) had no heart
      failure, 5 patients were on beta blockers (B) and 5 patients had overt heart
      failure (C). Flecainide was associated with negative inotropic effects that were
      relatively more pronounced in patients with left ventricular dysfunction:
      pulmonary wedge pressure increased by 27% in A, by 31% in B and by 42% in C; left
      ventricular stroke volume and stroke work decreased respectively by 10 and 12% in
      A, 21 and 19% in B, 26 and 28% in C. Ejection fraction decreased by 9% in A, 13%
      in B and 20% in C, in relation with an increase in end systolic volume (+9% in A,
      +10% in B and +5% in C). Absolute changes, however, were not significantly
      different from one group to another except for the increase of systemic vascular
      resistance which was more pronounced in C as compared with the other groups. The
      myocardial depression was also confirmed by the fall in dP/dt that was maximal at
      the end of injection; dP/dt remained depressed 15 min later despite some
      improvement. Flecainide thus exerts negative inotropic effects that are maximal
      at the end of infusion and may be of importance in patients with established left
      ventricular dysfunction.

PMID- 4054135
TI  - Long-term follow-up after a controlled randomized post-myocardial infarction
      rehabilitation programme: effects on morbidity and mortality.
AB  - Prognosis during 4.5 years of follow-up after myocardial infarction (MI) in 2
      groups of patients 25 to 65 years of age was related to physical rehabilitation
      and usual risk factors. We randomized 167 patients to a rehabilitation (R) group
      and a control (C) group (84 and 83 patients respectively). At the end of the
      training period, the R group had a significantly higher work capacity, a higher
      double product reached during the stress test and lower triglycerides. During the
      55 months of follow-up after the physical training or the equivalent spontaneous
      activity, we observed the prevalence of risk factors and of cardiac events such
      as angina, new MI, unstable angina, coronary bypass grafting and cardiac death.
      Survival rate was 92.6% in the R group and 93.7% in the C group. There was no
      relationship between serum cholesterol levels, tobacco smoking, and blood
      pressure and mortality and morbidity after the infarction. R patients were more
      symptom-free (44% against 30%), and had almost the same number of episodes of
      unstable angina and of cardiac death. 6.1% of the R group and 11.2% of the C
      group developed a new myocardial infarction. As in previous randomized studies we
      did not reach statistical significance for long-term benefit, perhaps because of
      the low sample size. However, our study confirmed a favorable tendency in terms
      of symptoms and the self confidence of the R patients.

PMID- 4054137
TI  - Day to day variations in morphology and duration of fragmented ventricular
      potentials during the late post-myocardial infarction phase in conscious dogs.
AB  - The relationship between the inducibility of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and the
      presence of fractionated epicardial ventricular electrograms ('late potentials')
      was studied daily between days 3 and 8 after experimental myocardial infarction
      in 15 conscious dogs. Before each programmed stimulation, epicardial infarct zone
      electrograms were recorded from implanted 'composite' electrodes during sinus
      rhythm. There was considerable daily variation in the morphology and duration of
      delayed ventricular activation, but no significant difference in duration of
      infarct zone electrograms was seen between studies resulting in ventricular
      fibrillation (108 +/- 62 ms, mean +/- SD), sustained ventricular tachycardia (87
      +/- 18 ms), nonsustained (94 +/- 41 ms) or no tachycardia (78 +/- 5 ms). Although
      fractionated ventricular electrograms were commonly recorded early after
      infarction, their presence and duration could not predict the inducibility of
      malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Similar limitations may apply in clinical
      practice to the use of surface signal averaging of ventricular late potentials in
      the early post-myocardial infarction period.

PMID- 4054139
TI  - Mioflazine, a potentially protective drug against ischaemic damage: a study in
      dogs.
AB  - The protective effect of intravenous mioflazine pretreatment was examined in
      intact dogs on cardiopulmonary bypass. The mechanical function of the left
      ventricle was measured by isovolumic pressure-volume relationships. Mioflazine
      alone had no inotropic effect. After one hour of normothermic (37 degrees C)
      global ischaemia of the whole heart, no control hearts, pretreated with solvent,
      recovered sufficiently to support the animal's circulation; this was not the case
      with animals pretreated with mioflazine, they all survived. After the 30-min
      reperfusion period, the solvent (control) pretreated hearts had a significantly
      lower (P = 0.05) systolic and higher (P = 0.001) diastolic pressure-volume curve
      than those given mioflazine.

PMID- 4054138
TI  - Objective evaluation of PY-108-068, a new calcium channel inhibitor for the
      treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris.
AB  - PY-108-068 (PY) has calcium antagonist and coronary dilatory activity in animals,
      suggesting that it may be useful for the treatment of angina pectoris. We have
      studied its effects in 19 patients with stable exertional angina. After a 2-week
      single-blind placebo run-in phase, patients were randomised double-blind to
      either 75 mg or 150 mg of the drug (in three divided doses) daily for 2 weeks,
      crossing over to the alternate dose for a further 2 weeks. Maximal treadmill
      tests with computer-assisted electrocardiographic analysis were used to evaluate
      efficacy. The mean +/- SEM exercise time to onset of angina increased from 6.1 +/
      0.5 min on placebo to 9.3 +/- 0.8 min on PY 75 mg (P less than 0.001) and to 9.2
      +/- 0.8 min on PY 150 mg (P less than 0.001) vs placebo; NS vs 75 mg). The time
      to development of 1 mm ST-segment depression in lead CC5 also increased from 5.0
      +/- 0.7 min on placebo to 6.4 +/- 0.9 min on PY 75 mg (P less than 0.01) and to
      7.0 +/- 0.8 min on PY 150 mg (P less than 0.01 vs placebo; NS vs 75 mg). Unlike
      other calcium antagonists, treatment with PY-108-068 did not significantly alter
      the resting or maximal heart rates or the heart rate gain during exercise.
      Resting blood pressure was reduced at the higher dose level but peak blood
      pressure during exercise and peak double product were unaltered by PY-108-068
      treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4054140
TI  - Nifedipine and alpha 1-adrenergic blockade in Raynaud's phenomenon.
AB  - The efficacy of nifedipine and prazosin in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon
      was assessed in a prospective double-blind randomized cross-over trial in 15
      patients. Each patient received one week of nifedipine 20 mg TID, one week of
      prazosin 1 mg TID, and 2 weeks of placebo. Nifedipine was shown to be effective
      in reducing both the frequency and the severity of Raynaud's phenomenon, whereas
      prazosin was ineffective. Before initiation of therapy in the 15 patients,
      pressor responses to the intravenous alpha 1-agonist phenylephrine were assessed
      in the basal state, 30 min after 20 mg oral nifedipine, and 30 min after 1 mg
      oral prazosin; the shift to the right of the log dose-vasopressor response curves
      to phenylephrine was similar with nifedipine and prazosin.

PMID- 4054141
TI  - Valvular pulmonary stenosis. Natural history and right ventricular function in
      infants and children.
AB  - The purpose of this study was the analysis of natural history and right
      ventricular function of infants and children with valvular pulmonary stenosis.
      Available for assessment were the pressures in the right ventricle and pulmonary
      artery in 5 infants and 13 children obtained at two cardiac catheterizations,
      performed at intervals of 2 to 12 years (mean: 6.5 years) apart, as well as
      quantitative angiocardiographic data in another group of 38 children. There was
      no change in the pressure gradient between the right ventricle and pulmonary
      artery (PG) between the two catheterizations for those with an initial PG of less
      than 50 mmHg; but a mean increase of 8.6 mmHg year-1 occurred in those with an
      initial PG of more than 50 mmHg. There were good correlations between increase of
      PG and the first (r = 0.704) and the second (r = 0.904) catheterizations. End
      diastolic and stroke volume were normal while end-systolic volume was smaller (P
      less than 0.01) and ejection fraction greater (P less than 0.01) than normal. The
      natural history of children with a PG of more than 50 mmHg seems to be different
      from that with a PG of less than 50 mmHg. In the former group the increase of PG
      is rapid while PG in the latter does not change over many years. Right
      ventricular function is usually not impaired in patients with moderate and severe
      valvular pulmonary stenosis in the pediatric age group.

PMID- 4054142
TI  - Repetitive myocardial infarction in a young woman with vasospastic coronary
      artery disease.
AB  - The angiographic study of a young woman with previous anterior myocardial
      infarction and normal coronary arteries is presented. During coronary angiography
      the patient had multiple episodes of spasm in the right coronary artery and an
      acute inferior myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4054143
TI  - Coronary artery--pulmonary artery fistula in tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary
      atresia.
AB  - The treatment of a rarely described variant of tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary
      atresia is reported. The case is unique because the patient remained relatively
      pink although the pulmonary blood flow came solely from a fistula between the
      left coronary artery and the main pulmonary artery. The diagnostic and surgical
      implications are discussed and the literature briefly reviewed. The diagnosis
      should be borne in mind in patients who have pulmonary atresia with ventricular
      septal defect and a continuous murmur.

PMID- 4054144
TI  - The antiarrhythmic effect of meptazinol.

PMID- 4054145
TI  - Pelvic exenteration in gynaecologic oncology: analysis of 44 cases.
AB  - The Authors review 44 cases of pelvic exenteration performed at the Department of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Universita Cattolica del S. Cuore - Rome, from
      1967 to 1981, in patients affected by advanced or relapsed gynaecological
      malignancies. Operative mortality, medical and surgical complications and
      survival are analysed. Some characteristics of the disease are outlined as the
      most important criteria for patient selection, and the possible curative role of
      this operation is stressed.

PMID- 4054147
TI  - A strategy for improved results in ovarian carcinomas: partially responsive to
      chemotherapy.
AB  - Eighty-nine patients with FIGO stages 3 and 4 epithelial ovarian cancer who
      responded to cis-platinum alone or cis-platinum containing combinations have been
      studied retrospectively to determine the time taken to achieve maximum tumour
      response. Clinically determined partial and complete responses were seen within 2
      6 (median 3) treatment courses and 2-5 (median 3) treatment courses respectively.
      Sixty-nine patients were restaged surgically demonstrating partial and complete
      response within 4-12 (median 5) and 3-16 (median 5) treatment courses
      respectively. After the initial 6 courses of chemotherapy, 53 patients showing a
      partial response continued with the same drugs but only 1 patient ultimately
      achieved a surgically confirmed complete response. Since second line drugs rarely
      achieve complete response following tumour progression we propose that patients
      who have only achieved partial response following 6 treatment courses should
      change chemotherapy in an attempt to achieve complete response.

PMID- 4054146
TI  - A study of endometrial adenocarcinoma treated with tamoxifen by scanning and
      transmission electron microscopy.
AB  - By scanning and transmission electron microscopy the Authors studied four cases
      of endometrial adenocarcinoma (stage I, G1) after 15-days treatment with
      Tamoxifen (20 mg X 2) before surgery. The ultrastructural findings, similar to
      those observed in untreated adenocarcinomas but quite different from those
      obtained in MAP-responsive cases - as other Authors reported too - seem to
      indicate an almost complete absence of secretory or cytotoxic induction at least
      as far as 15-days treatment is concerned. According to the Authors this study
      raises many doubts about the usefulness of a first-instance therapeutical
      protocol based on Tamoxifen alone. However they believe that Tamoxifen can be
      utilized combined with a progestational agent in a simultaneous or sequence
      treatment.

PMID- 4054148
TI  - Combined treatment in adenocarcinoma of cervix.
AB  - From January 1976 - end of 1979, 427 patients with cervical cancer were treated
      in the Department of Gynaecology, University of Hong Kong. Twenty-seven (6%) had
      primary adenocarcinoma of cervix. Eighteen patients with stage I and early stage
      II were treated by preoperative irradiation and Wertheim hysterectomy. Serial
      cervical biopsies were taken to assess the response to radiotherapy. All the
      cervical biopsies as well as the surgical specimens were read by the same
      pathologist. 83% showed residual dividing tumour cells in the surgical specimens.
      One hundred and forty-five patients with early squamous cervical cancer were
      similarly treated during the same period; only 13% had residual tumour in the
      specimens (chi square test p is less than 0.001). All the patients are being
      followed up regularly. Fifteen patients with early cervical adenocarcinoma are
      free from disease. The shortest period of follow-up is 5 1/4 years.

PMID- 4054149
TI  - Second tumor in gynecological cancer.
AB  - We have searched the second tumor in a series of 695 women with gynecological
      cancer. We have determined with precision when the second tumor was diagnosed:
      during the first tumor staging (7 cases), during its treatment (3 cases) or in
      its follow-up (9 cases). We comment the clinical, diagnostic, histologic and
      prognostic circumstances of this women with multiple cancer.

PMID- 4054150
TI  - Computerized tomography (CT) semeiotics in the presurgical evaluation of
      gynaecological neoplasias.
AB  - Computerized tomography has been introduced in studies concerning neoplastic
      pathology of the pelvis. In this study, we have attempted to define a series of
      radiological signs, resulting from CT tests of pelvis or abdomen in patients with
      gynaecological tumors, each of which corresponds to a particular
      anatomopathologic situation. For each gynaecologic tumor, there is a set of more
      frequently found signs, the presence of which, in the single case, depends on the
      stage of evolution of the disease. In the staging of cervical or endometrial
      carcinoma, the evaluation of the relation to the bladder and rectum is very
      important, just like vaginal, parametrial and ureteral infiltration. In the
      presurgical staging of ovarian carcinoma the CT can reveal the size and shape of
      mono- or bilateral ovarian tumour masses and the relation that they have
      established with the pelvic organs and with the intestine. In spite of inevitable
      limitations the CT plays an essential role in gynaecologic oncologic diagnostics.

PMID- 4054151
TI  - Breast carcinoma metastasizing to the uterus.
AB  - Metastases from mammary carcinoma represent the principal cause of exitus in 45%
      of subjects dead from this neoplasia. Also if they are not frequent, uterine
      metastases from mammary carcinoma are not very rare to find at the autopsy (2-15%
      as various Authors report). In this study, the Authors present 17 cases (1
      bioptic and 16 autoptic cases) of uterine metastases from breast carcinoma. The
      histological examination confirms a more frequent involvement of the uterine
      corpus, with infiltration of the myometrium. When the endometrium is affected,
      generally the neoplasia infiltrates the stroma, preserving the glandular
      architecture. In one case, the uterine metastases was associated with a
      fibroleiomyoma. The clinical symptomatology (metrorrhagia in 3 of 17 cases) was
      poor because, as we have said above, generally the neoplasia infiltrates the
      myometrium.

PMID- 4054152
TI  - Recurrence incidence in follow-up of patients affected by condylomatosis of the
      uterine cervix with VCE (viral cytopathic effect).
AB  - The frequent association of HPV lesions with cytological and/or hystological
      alterations of CIN in the uterine portio and in the lower genital tract suggests
      their possible role in the genesis of precancerous lesions of the cervix. In the
      systematic cytological screening, condylomatous lesions present an incidence
      varying from 0.52% to 1.5%. With the aim of verifying the incidence rate of
      condylomatosis of the portio, in the population of the women followed in the
      Colpocytological Service of obstetrics and gynaecology (Institute for Childhood
      of Trieste), the authors have performed a retrospective analysis on 17273
      colpocytological examinations and have found 72 cases (0.41%) with cytological
      and/or histological evidence of viral-cytopathic effect produced by HPV. These
      patients have undergone various treatments of this pathology and have performed a
      follow-up. In some patients 12 cases, treated only with antiflogistic therapy or
      no therapy, 50% of these has shown a complete regression of viral infection in
      the first control after 4 months. In these patients, it is suggestive to suppose
      that a good immunological reactivity has brought the patient to recovery. For
      that, in their next work, the Authors will investigate the immunological
      responsiveness of patients affected by HPV lesions of the cervix.

PMID- 4054154
TI  - The elimination rate of 123I-heptadecanoic acid after intracoronary and
      intravenous administration.
AB  - When calculating the elimination rate of radioactivity after the administration
      of radioiodinated heptadecanoic acid (123I-HDA), background correction is
      necessary due to the high level of background activity. In the present study, the
      subtraction method of Freundlieb et al. was investigated on validity. This was
      done by comparing the half-time values of the elimination rate after intravenous
      (i.v.) and intracoronary (i.c.) injection. In the latter case, no background
      correction was necessary. Six patients undergoing cardiac catheterization were
      studied. Scintigraphy was performed after the injection of 123I-HDA into the left
      coronary artery and after i.v. injection. Half-time values were calculated from
      regions of interest drawn over myocardium perfused by the left-anterior
      descending branch (LAD) and the left circumflex artery (LCX). In the LAD region,
      the mean half-time value in the i.c. study was 22 min, while in the corrected
      i.v. study, the mean value was 27 min. In the LCX region, the half-time values
      were 24 and 33 min, respectively. The background-subtraction procedure proposed
      by Freundlieb et al. for i.v.-injected 123I-HDA is incomplete, as it resulted in
      half-time values that were higher than those of the i.c. study.

PMID- 4054153
TI  - Pharmacokinetic study of radiolabeled anti-colorectal carcinoma monoclonal
      antibodies in tumor-bearing nude mice.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) 17-1A and 19-9, which specifically bind human
      colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells, were tested for their usefulness in localizing
      colorectal tumors in nude mice. One of the 131I-labeled MoAbs and an irrelevant
      125I-labeled immunoglobulin of the same isotype were injected into nude mice
      simultaneously bearing a human CRC and a human melanoma. The percentage of the
      injected dose of antibody per gram of tissue, the CRC/tissue ratios of antibody
      distribution, and the localization indices were calculated at various time
      intervals (2 h to 9 days). For both MoAbs, labeling to a specific activity of 10
      microCi/microgram by the iodogen method gave optimum immunoreactivity. The
      accumulation of MoAb 17-1A in CRC reached is maximum at 5 days and remained at
      this level for up to 9 days postinjection. For MoAb 19-9, which detects a
      circulating antigen shed by the tumor into the serum, the accumulation in the CRC
      was maximum at 24 h, and decreased thereafter. The CRC/organ ratios and
      localization indices for both MoAbs increased with time in the CRC tissue, but
      remained low and unchanged in the melanoma and normal tissues. Using F(ab')2
      antibody fragments, faster kinetics with earlier maximum accumulation, higher
      tumor/organ ratios, and better localization indices were achieved than with
      intact MoAbs. The data obtained was useful in defining parameters which must be
      considered before radiolabeled MoAbs are used in cancer patients for diagnostic
      purposes.

PMID- 4054155
TI  - Measurement of left-ventricular volumes using an internal standard.
AB  - When performing equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography with two successive
      acquisition views, absolute left-ventricular volumes can be calculated using an
      'internal standard' generated by a computer in the left-ventricular cavity. The
      method is based on the computed ratio of maximum to global activity in the 40
      degree-left-anterior-oblique view after background correction and on the measured
      depth of the left ventricle in almost-orthogonal, 30 degree-left-posterior
      oblique Fourier first-harmonic images. The method does not require blood sampling
      or correction for self attenuation. The intra- and interobserver reproducibility
      is excellent, even in patients with severe impairment of the ventricular
      contractility pattern. When compared with a classical method requiring venous
      blood counting and an attenuation correction factor, the accuracy of the internal
      standard method was fairly good, with a regression coefficient of 0.90.

PMID- 4054156
TI  - Quantitative 123I-iodide scintigraphy and radiation dosimetry in infants with
      congenital hypothyroidism.
AB  - Quantitative studies of 123I-iodide uptake using a gamma camera were undertaken
      in 23 infants with congenital hypothyroidism. Background oral radioactivity was
      reduced by ensuring that the infants drank fruit juice during the study. In 7
      cases, there was no evidence of functioning thyroid tissue, in 13 cases, lingual
      tissue was present, and in 3 cases, there was uptake at the normal thyroid site.
      Dyshormonogenesis, as shown by a positive perchlorate discharge at 30-60 min
      after radioiodine administration, was present in 5 of the cases with demonstrable
      uptake. The estimated 20-min uptake of 123I-iodide was less than 2.6% of the dose
      in all cases except 1; in this case, the uptake was 10.4%, but this was
      completely discharged by perchlorate. There was good agreement between the
      quantitative radioiodine-uptake and -discharge results and the circulating
      thyroid-hormone levels. The estimated radiation dose to thyroid tissue using the
      technique was 9.2 mSv for an intravenous administration of 2MBq 123I-iodide.

PMID- 4054157
TI  - Molecular structures involved in 67Ga and 59Fe binding by placenta and tumors.
AB  - The binding of 67Ga and 59Fe by placenta and tumors was compared. After
      sonification, about 50% of the total radioactivity was present in the insoluble
      fraction consisting of heavy subcellular particles (mitochondria, fragments of
      membranes, nuclei, etc.) and known to be rich in lipo- and glycoproteins. Heat
      denaturation and gel filtration were used to study transferrin and ferritin
      distribution in the supernatant. The differences between 59Fe and 67Ga uptake in
      this supernatant seemed to indicate that the transferrin-ferritin system plays a
      less important role in 67Ga binding than in 59Fe binding.

PMID- 4054158
TI  - 111In-leukocyte imaging: intrasplenic abscesses.
AB  - A 52-year-old female patient was routinely referred for an indium-111 white-cell
      scan due to elevated white blood cell count after mitral-valve replacement. A
      scan with technetium-99m tin colloid was also performed, and the resulting
      subtraction image showed two areas of white-cell accumulation within the spleen
      which were presumed to be abscesses. This was confirmed at postmortem
      examination.

PMID- 4054160
TI  - Vitamin D-binding protein in the perinatal period.
AB  - The molecular polymorphism and quantitative levels of serum vitamin D-binding
      protein (DBP) were ascertained in a group of preterm, full-term and hypocalcaemic
      full-term newborn infants. The serum concentration of DBP is not influenced by
      phenotype and increases with fetal age from the 32nd-33rd week of gestation until
      the 35th week of gestation. Neither different DBP allele distribution nor
      abnormal quantitative levels found among 29 hypocalcaemic full-term newborn
      infants.

PMID- 4054159
TI  - Mortality in 504 infants weighing less than 1501 g at birth and treated in four
      neonatal intensive care units of south-Belgium between 1976 and 1980.
AB  - Mortality was studied in 504 infants weighing less than 1501 g at birth and
      treated in four neonatal intensive care units of South-Belgium between 1976 and
      1980. Two hundred and twenty-one babies died during their stay at the hospital, a
      mortality rate of 438 per 1000 live births. The neonatal mortality rate
      (mortality during the first 28 days of life) was 373 per 1000 live-births. Thirty
      three infants died after the neonatal period, which is 15% of the total number of
      deaths. Two-thirds of these post-neonatal deaths were related to complications of
      diseases associated with pre-term delivery. Mortality rates were higher in
      infants of less than 1001 g than in those of 1001-1250 g or 1251-1500 birth
      weight. In each birth weight category, patients born in their own obstetrical
      departments and referred infants has similar mortality rates. Longitudinal
      analysis showed improving mortality rates between 1976 and 1977 in the total
      population of VLBW infants, between 1977 and 1978 in infants of less than 1001 g
      and in 1980 compared to 1976 in the 1251-1500 g group. There were higher
      incidences of need for ventilatory assistance, patent ductus arteriosus,
      necrotising enterocolitis and septicaemia in referred patients of less than 1001
      g than in patients born in their own obstetrical departments with comparable
      birth weight. Artificial ventilation was more often required in referred infants
      of 1251-1500 g. This study confirms the importance of considering at least the
      complete hospital stay when analysing mortality in VLBW infants. Infants of less
      than 1001 g had high mortality, particularly after the neonatal period.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4054161
TI  - Retarded skeletal maturation in children with primary enuresis.
AB  - Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is a common paediatric problem of multifactorial
      aetiology. Growth and skeletal maturation were studied in 35 otherwise healthy
      children with PNE, 26 boys and 9 girls aged 6-14 years, and comparison was made
      with a control (CTR) group of 19 boys and 3 girls aged 6-13 years of similar
      ethnic origin. There was no significant difference between the mean height and
      weight centiles of the two groups. Bone age (BA) determined by the TW-2 method
      showed a significant lag behind chronological age (CA); the CA-BA difference
      being 1.46 +/- 1.56 years in the PNE group and -0.08 +/- 0.8 years in the CTR
      group (P less than 0.001). In 11 of the PNE group (31%) the BA retardation was
      greater than 24 months: in 4 it was between 24 to 36 months and in 7 the
      difference was greater than 36 months. In all these children T4 and TSH were
      found to be normal. It is hypothesised that the retarded bone age in children
      with PNE may reflect delayed maturation of regulatory CNS functions.

PMID- 4054162
TI  - Investigation of serum bile acids; seven patients with Alagille syndrome.
AB  - To clarify whether an abnormal bile acid pattern has a role in the pathogenesis
      of Alagille syndrome, we compared serum bile acid patterns in seven with Alagille
      syndrome with those of patients with congenital biliary atresia (CBA), neonatal
      hepatitis (NH) and normal infants. Of the seven patients with Alagille syndrome,
      four patients were younger and three were older than 1 year. The mean total serum
      bile acid level in the infants was higher than in older subjects. There was a
      dissociation between the levels of serum total bile acid and bilirubin in three
      of the seven cases. The mean total bile acid levels in serum were in the
      following decreasing order: CBA, Alagille syndrome, NH and controls. The ratio of
      cholate to chenodeoxycholate in the younger patients with Alagille syndrome was
      significantly higher than CBA (P less than 0.001). However, no specific bile acid
      pattern was found in Alagille syndrome by high-performance liquid chromatography
      (HPLC).

PMID- 4054164
TI  - Pneumonia in young children with homozygous sickle cell disease: risk and
      clinical features.
AB  - The incidence and clinical features of pneumonia have been examined in children
      with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease and in age/sex matched control children
      with a normal haemoglobin (AA) genotype followed in a cohort study of sickle cell
      disease from birth. Survival curve analysis indicated a similar incidence of
      pneumonia in the two genotypes up to the ages of 8 months after which pneumonia
      became significantly more prevalent in SS disease, the relative risk exceeding a
      factor of four by 4 years of age. Children with SS disease were also more prone
      to multiple episodes. Comparison of clinical features in the two genotypes
      yielded no difference in sex or seasonal involvement, or in the results of
      bacteriological and radiological investigations. Children with SS disease and
      pneumonia had an increased frequency and increased duration of hospital
      admission, and mortality was confined to this group. It is concluded that
      children with SS disease have an increased prevalence of single and multiple
      attacks of pneumonia and that these events run a more serious clinical course
      than in control children.

PMID- 4054163
TI  - Increased prevalence of minor anomalies in childhood malignancy.
AB  - Body measurements were taken and the prevalence of major malformations and of 57
      minor anomalies was determined in 106 children with malignant disease, in 81 of
      their sibs, and in 106 control subjects matched to the patients according to sex,
      age and ethnic origin. Leukaemic children had a significantly smaller head
      circumference than the corresponding control children, but no significant
      differences in height, weight, anthropometric and syndromologic indices were
      found. No differences were observed in the frequency of associated major
      malformations including renal malformations detectable by sonography. The
      prevalence of minor anomalies was significantly higher in the patients with
      malignant disease and their sibs than in the control children: 69.2% of the
      patients, 63.0% of the sibs and 34.6% of the control subjects had at least one
      minor anomaly. When two and more minor anomalies were considered, the prevalence
      figures were 36.5%, 29.6% and 12.5%, respectively. Among the single minor
      anomalies only the Sydney line was significantly more frequent in patients with
      solid tumours. No specific association of an individual dysplasia or a pattern of
      minor anomalies with a given tumour could be established.

PMID- 4054166
TI  - Intestinal leiomyosarcoma in childhood.
AB  - A 4-month-old boy with leiomyosarcoma of the ileum presented to us with complete
      intestinal obstruction. Small gut resection was done. The child was well 9 months
      after surgery with no evidence of a recurrence.

PMID- 4054165
TI  - Gangrene of the buttock: a devastating complication of the infusion of
      hyperosmolar solutions in the umbilical artery at birth.
AB  - This paper describes two cases of gangrene in the buttock secondary to infusion
      of a hyperosmolar solution into the umbilical artery at birth. Because of the
      frequent dilatation of the umbilical arteries in asphyxiated infants, needle
      puncture should not be used to infuse fluids into the umbilical vein. Moreover,
      hypertonic solutions that can produce vascular thrombosis should be avoided in
      metabolic resuscitation in the delivery room.

PMID- 4054167
TI  - Congenital renal arteriovenous malformation (aneurysmal type) in childhood.
AB  - We report on a 9-year-old boy with a congenital renal arteriovenous fistula of
      the aneurysmal type, a form previously not observed in childhood. The clinical
      picture was unusual with severe arterial hypertension, excessive polyuria and
      decreased levels of serum sodium and chloride as main signs. Clinical and
      biochemical findings normalised after nephrectomy of the kidney involved.

PMID- 4054168
TI  - Giant axonal neuropathy. Endocrinological and histological studies.
AB  - A case of giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) in a boy of 4 years and 6 months, is
      reported. Nerve conduction velocity (NCV), EEG and CT scan indicated both
      peripheral and central nervous system involvement. Intestinal absorption tests
      did not reveal vitamin B12 malabsorption; the endocrine situation was found to be
      substantially normal. The clinical picture was not modified by 18 months
      cyanocobalamine administration followed by 2 months therapy with prednisone.
      Electron microscopic (EM) examination revealed longitudinal and opposing grooves
      (pili canaliculi) in the hair and bundles of neuro-filaments in the myelinated
      and unmyelinated nerve fibre axons in sural nerve. EM of conjunctiva and skin
      revealed masses of intermediate-sized filaments within mast cells, fibroblasts,
      melanocytes, endothelial and Schwann cells. These findings confirm the hypothesis
      that GAN is a generalised abnormality of cytoplasmic microfilament formation,
      probably linked to an unknown disorder of protein metabolism.

PMID- 4054169
TI  - Hypocalcaemia induced by glucocorticoids in a child with hypoparathyroidism
      treated with 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3.
AB  - Glucocorticoids tend to lower the intestinal absorption of calcium, leading to a
      negative calcium balance. A 7-year-old girl with hypoparathyroidism was
      maintained as normocalcaemic on 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha D3) and
      calcium gluconate lactate. During an episode of aplastic anaemia she was treated
      with prednisolone, with a subsequent dramatic fall of serum calcium despite 1
      alpha D3 treatment and serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) in the high
      normal range. Glucocorticoids seem to have interfered directly with cellular
      events responsible for intestinal absorption of calcium.

PMID- 4054170
TI  - Chlorambucil central nervous toxicity: a significant side effect of chlorambucil
      therapy in childhood nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - Chlorambucil (CHL) was used in combination with prednisolone in the treatment of
      nine children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome. Serial
      electroencephalograms were obtained to evaluate CHL central nervous toxicity,
      before, during and after treatment with this agent. EEG abnormalities were
      observed in two of the nine children during chlorambucil therapy. EEG changes
      were diffuse spike and wave complexes and disappeared after discontinuation of
      therapy. There were no other neurological abnormalities and more particularly, no
      seizures or myocloni were observed. According to the literature, chlorambucil
      central nervous toxicity is found almost exclusively in childhood nephrotic
      syndrome. Strict neurological supervision of patients treated with chlorambucil
      is recommended.

PMID- 4054171
TI  - Report of a deletion 11 (qter----q23.3) and short review of the literature.
AB  - A male child is described with short stature, mental retardation and unusual
      facial appearance. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a partial deletion of the long
      arm of chromosome 11: 46,XY,del (11)(qter----q23.3:). A short review of
      previously reported cases of del 11q is presented. A comparison of the main
      clinical characteristics and the extent of the 11q deletion is given.

PMID- 4054172
TI  - Neuroradiological findings in Jadassohn nevus phakomatosis: a report of four
      cases.
AB  - Four patients with Jadassohn nevus phakomatosis (linear nevus sebaceus syndrome,
      Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein syndrome) are described. Neuroradiological findings
      consisted of skull asymmetry shown by X-rays and hemimegalencephaly with
      ventricular system asymmetry on CT. Three of the patients showed, in addition, a
      widened insula. In two patients areas of increased density suggesting calcium
      deposits were seen. Skull asymmetry was progressive during infancy in two of the
      patients. It is presumed that these findings are secondary to the progression of
      the underlying central nervous system disorder.

PMID- 4054173
TI  - Infantile colic.

PMID- 4054174
TI  - Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome and hypothyroidism.

PMID- 4054175
TI  - Isolated complete paralysis of the tensor fasciae latae muscle.
AB  - We report on an isolated complete paralysis of the tensor fasciae latae muscle,
      which led to a minimal functional disability.

PMID- 4054176
TI  - Nitrous oxide ameliorates spasmodic torticollis.
AB  - In a case of therapy-resistant spasmodic torticollis administration of nitrous
      oxide (N2O) resulted in a dramatic transient amelioration of the dystonic
      movements. We suggest that manipulations of the opioid system may be useful in
      the therapy of this condition. Furthermore, our results with N2O may provide
      insight into the pathogenesis of the disease.

PMID- 4054177
TI  - Oligoclonal IgG bands in the CSF of a patient with progressive familial
      myoclonus.
AB  - An oligoclonal IgG pattern was found in the CSF of a patient who is known to
      suffer from progressive familial myoclonus. In view of this finding the
      possibility arises that immunological mechanisms participate in the
      etiopathogenesis of this disease.

PMID- 4054178
TI  - Hypokalemic periodic paralysis secondary to renal tubular acidosis.
AB  - A 62-year-old woman with distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) and hypokalemic
      muscle paralysis is described. As neither the history nor the clinical
      examination can differentiate between hypokalemic paralysis caused by RTA and
      that of familial hypokalemic paralysis, and because the emergency as well as
      prophylactic treatment of the two disorders are quite different, a simple
      differential diagnostic workup is emphasized.

PMID- 4054179
TI  - Successful pregnancy in Wilson's disease: a case report and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Pregnancy in patients with Wilson's disease can be successfully managed. A case
      of successful pregnancy in a patient with Wilson's disease is presented. The
      pathophysiology, protean clinical manifestations and treatment modalities are
      described.

PMID- 4054180
TI  - Fisher's syndrome following trigeminal herpes zoster.
AB  - A case of Fisher's syndrome associated with trigeminal herpes zoster is reported
      for the first time. Retrograde propagation of the virus to the brainstem through
      the trigeminal root was thought to be the most probable pathogenic mechanism. We
      provide additional evidence suggesting that the focus of Fisher's syndrome is in
      the brainstem.

PMID- 4054181
TI  - Blood distribution in computer cranial tomograms after subarachnoid hemorrhage
      with and without an aneurysm on angiography.
AB  - This is a comparative study of the blood distribution in computer cranial
      tomograms after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage in 51 patients with saccular
      aneurysms and 34 patients with no evidence of a source of bleeding in cerebral
      panangiography. There was often less blood observed at all sites when aneurysms
      were not present. This was, however, significant only in the interhemispheric
      fissure, the Sylvian cisterns, the parietal sulci as well as intracerebrally.
      Thus, 79.4% of patients without an aneurysm were in grades I and II of the Hunt
      and Hess scale as opposed to 47.0% of those patients with evidence of an
      aneurysm.

PMID- 4054182
TI  - Pattern visual evoked potentials and flash electroretinogram in clinically
      definite multiple sclerosis.
AB  - The authors have studied, by means of pattern visual evoked potential (VEP) and
      flash electroretinogram (ERG) recordings, a group of 15 patients affected by
      definite multiple sclerosis. All of the subjects examined presented a clinical
      history indicating involvement of the visual pathways; VEPs were altered in a
      high percentage of eyes examined (93.3%), while a lower percentage of abnormal
      ERGs was seen (20% of eyes examined). The only type of ERG alteration found
      consisted of a pathologic b wave voltage increase, observed mainly with red flash
      stimuli. This finding could be attributed to an involvement of centrifugal optic
      nerve fibers having inhibitory functions on retinal cells.

PMID- 4054183
TI  - Efficacy of trazodone in narcolepsy.
AB  - A 25-year-old man with narcolepsy and cataplexy experienced partial relief of
      symptomatology following administration of methylphenidate. Moreover, the latter
      caused extreme agitation and aggression. However, administration of the
      antidepressant agent trazodone resulted in almost complete alleviation of the
      narcoleptic and cataplectic attacks within 48 h after initiation of therapy.
      Trazodone, a novel antidepressant agent may be useful in the long-term management
      of individuals suffering from narcolepsy.

PMID- 4054184
TI  - Cerebellar infarction--clinical and cranial computerized tomography correlations.
AB  - We analyzed the clinical and cranial computerized tomographic (CT) features of 10
      patients with cerebellar infarction. Among patients with recent cerebellar
      infarction, the initial CT often failed to demonstrate any recognizable
      abnormality. Because early neurological deterioration may arise despite normal CT
      studies, a high level of clinical awareness is critical for appropriate
      intervention.

PMID- 4054185
TI  - Versive seizures of probable occipital origin in a case of posttraumatic
      epilepsy.
AB  - Oculoclonic versive elemental partial seizures developed in a 38-year-old male,
      who has suffered from a grave traumatism by impaling. Posttraumatic epileptic
      symptoms could be related to anatomical lesions at the exit orifice in the right
      occipitoparietal region.

PMID- 4054186
TI  - Pancreatic blood flow and contrast enhancement in computed tomography during
      experimental pancreatitis.
AB  - The pancreatic blood flow and contrast enhancement in computed tomography (CT)
      were studied in 10 piglets weighing 17-25 kg with experimental pancreatitis. Each
      animal served as its own control. CT and blood flow measurements were made both
      before induction of pancreatitis and 5-6 h after the onset of the disease.
      Cardiac output was measured by thermodilution, and was kept constant throughout
      the study by infusion of dextran and saline. Although the pancreatic blood flow
      remained constant in this experiment, CT showed a significant decrease in
      contrast enhancement.

PMID- 4054187
TI  - A method for inducing exocrine atrophy and collecting juice from the nonatrophied
      pancreas in the rat.
AB  - A method for the long-term diversion of bile in the rat is described. It was used
      to induce complete and uniform pancreatic exocrine atrophy, as confirmed by a
      marked loss of weight of the gland, very low pancreatic tissue amylase, and by
      histological examination. The technique induces changes in endocrinal function of
      the pancreas, since it increases pancreas insulin by a factor of 2.7, decreases
      glucagon by a factor of 0.19, and somatostatin by a factor of 0.6. The method was
      also used for collecting juice from the nonatrophied pancreas in the conscious
      rat, and may facilitate studies on pancreas physiology and pathophysiology.

PMID- 4054188
TI  - Canine liver isolation-perfusion at normo- and hyperthermic temperatures with
      perfluorochemical emulsion (Fluosol-43).
AB  - A perfluorocarbon emulsion, Fluosol-43, was used as a blood substitute for oxygen
      transport during isolation-perfusion of the dog liver at 37 and 43 degrees C.
      Preservation of hepatic functional integrity was assessed through analysis of
      perfusate constituents and animal survival after perfusion. Flow to the liver
      during perfusion was greater than 1 ml/min/g with one-third of total flow
      provided through the hepatic artery and two-thirds through the protal vein.
      Perfusion duration was 3 h. The pO2 gradient across th liver indicated that
      oxygen was consumed during perfusion at both temperatures. The expected rise in
      pCO2 and decrease in pH of the outflow perfusate is consistent with active
      aerobic metabolism. Perfusate chemistries lactate, pyruvate, glucose, urea, total
      alpha-amino acids, ketone bodies and SGPT demonstrated that hepatic functional
      integrity was maintained during perfusion. Significant differences (p less than
      0.05) between temperatures occurred in the perfusate levels of lactate, pyruvate,
      L/P ratios, glucose and total alpha-amino acids. Animal survival after a 3-hour
      perfusion was 3/4 at 37 degrees C, and 2/5 at 43 degrees C. After perfusion, SGPT
      levels were significantly higher in dogs subjected to perfusion at 43 degrees C.
      The success of these experiments demonstrates that perfusion of the liver with
      Fluosol-43 was not in itself hepatotoxic, and that Fluosol-43 may allow perfusion
      of the liver at 43 degrees C with only wild toxicity.

PMID- 4054189
TI  - Pressure studies of the ileocecal sphincter after small bowel resection in
      rabbits.
AB  - The function of the ileocecal sphincter (ICS) in rabbits was investigated after
      extensive small bowel resection. The reflux pressure in anterograde (P1) and
      retrograde (P2) direction was measured before, 7 days after, and 1 year after
      small bowel resection, nd compared with a group of rabbits in which a bypass
      operation of the same length of the small bowel had been performed. After 7 days,
      both P1 and P2 showed a marked decrease in the resection group. One year after
      the operation, pressures had increased again but were still lower than before the
      resection. Significantly minor pressure changes were found 7 days after bypass
      surgery. We consider that ICS-insufficiency can be one cause of the features of
      short bowel syndrome.

PMID- 4054190
TI  - Lymph, pancreatic and gastrointestinal hormones in response to feeding in the
      conscious pig.
AB  - Concentrations of several gastrointestinal hormonal peptides were measured in
      lymph from the cisterna chyli and in arterial plasma; in healthy, conscious pigs
      during ingestion of a meal. Lymph concentrations of the pancreatic hormones
      insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide were small compared with plasma
      concentrations, although postprandial increments were significant. In contrast
      lymph concentrations of gastrin, cholecystokinin, motilin and gastric inhibitory
      peptide (GIP) from the foregut showed a more marked postprandial rise than the
      pancreatic hormones. Indeed the total integrated responses of these peptides in
      lymph reached about 50% of those seen in arterial plasma. It would appear
      unlikely that the lymphatics constitute an important transport mechanisms for
      these regulatory peptides. However, lymph concentrations of hormones may reflect
      levels in interstitial fluid better than plasma and may be of value in assessing
      putative physiological actions within a target tissue.

PMID- 4054191
TI  - A comparison of the effects of atenolol and metoprolol on attention.
AB  - Additional side-effects of two beta-blockers, atenolol (hydrophilic) and
      metoprolol (lipophilic), were measured in 18 normal male volunteers in a
      randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. A saccadic eye
      movement reaction time (RT) task, a manual RT version of the Stroop Colour-Word
      Task, the Span of Apprehension Task, and the Continuous Performance Task were
      presented on a graphics display screen. Standard cognitive effects were
      replicated on all measures. Atenolol was noticeably, but not significantly,
      superior to metoprolol in visual alerting and in angular breadth of visual
      information processing, both with saccadic RT.

PMID- 4054192
TI  - Randomized comparison of atenolol and placebo in the treatment of anxiety: a
      double-blind study.
AB  - In a randomized double-blind prospective between-patients trial in patients
      presenting with primary anxiety, atenolol significantly improved mean values on
      the Hamilton rating scale at two and four weeks when compared with placebo. There
      was also a significant improvement in affective symptoms at 28 days for atenolol
      when compared with placebo.

PMID- 4054193
TI  - CNS-related side-effects with metoprolol and atenolol.
AB  - Vivid and bizarre dreams, hallucinations, sleep disturbance and psychosis have
      all been described following treatment with beta-blockers. It has been suggested
      that these central nervous system (CNS) side-effects are related to the degree of
      lipophilicity of the beta-blocker. A randomized double-blind crossover study was
      performed to compare the incidence of CNS side-effects with atenolol and
      metoprolol in hypertensive patients who had reported CNS side-effects with
      lipophilic beta-blockers. Eleven women and six men completed the study, in which
      a 30-item psychiatric questionnaire was used to detect changes in psychological
      status and possible CNS side-effects. Discontinuation of the original lipophilic
      beta-blocker produced a significant improvement in quality of sleep, dreams,
      concentration, memory, energy, and anxiety. No significant CNS side-effects were
      reported with atenolol, but introduction of metoprolol caused a significant
      increase in the incidence of sleep disturbance (p less than 0.01) and restless
      nights (p less than 0.05), as well as failure to achieve satisfactory sexual
      intercourse (p less than 0.05). When compared with atenolol, metoprolol was
      associated with a significantly higher incidence of restless disturbed nights (p
      less than 0.05). Blood pressure control was identical for both beta-blockers.
      This study appears to confirm the association between CNS-related side-effects
      and the lipophilicity of beta-blockers.

PMID- 4054194
TI  - Polymorphic metabolism of metoprolol: clinical studies.
AB  - After a single 200 mg oral dose of metoprolol tartrate the mean metoprolol AUC
      was found to be six-fold higher in poor metabolizers (PMs) of debrisoquine than
      in extensive metabolizers (EMs). This was associated with impaired metabolic
      clearance via alpha-hydroxylation and O-dealkylation. A population study (n =
      143) has shown a bimodal distribution in the ratio of metoprolol: alpha
      hydroxymetoprolol recovered in urine which was correlated highly with the
      debrisoquine metabolic ratio. Nine per cent of the population were PMs. Plasma
      metoprolol concentrations three hours after a 100 mg oral dose of metoprolol were
      greater than 200 ng/ml in PMs but were lower than this in most EMs. This dose of
      metoprolol given once daily provided a clinically significant reduction (16%) in
      exercise heart rate in PMs after 24 hours. EMs require conventional doses (100 mg
      b.d.) to achieve the same degree of beta-blockade. Preliminary data from family
      studies support the view that the defect in metoprolol oxidation is inherited. In
      12 hypertensive patients who were EMs we compared the beta-blocking activity and
      antihypertensive effect of chronic treatment with metoprolol 200 mg once daily
      (conventional and long-acting formulations), with those of atenolol 100 mg once
      daily and placebo. The effects of all active preparations were similar at 3.5
      hours but atenolol was superior to all metoprolol formulations at 24 hours after
      dosing. It is concluded that for the majority of patients metoprolol should be
      prescribed twice daily when using currently available dosage forms. Relationships
      between oxidation phenotype and side-effects should be examined.

PMID- 4054195
TI  - Atenolol versus pindolol: side-effects in hypertension.
AB  - This randomized crossover out-patient study was designed to compare the
      antihypertensive effects of atenolol and pindolol. After a wash-out period of two
      weeks in pretreated cases, 107 patients with essential hypertension were given
      either atenolol 100 mg once-daily or pindolol 20 mg slow release (SR) once-daily.
      Both atenolol and pindolol lowered blood pressure over the 24 week period. The
      diastolic blood pressure reduction was significantly greater (p less than 0.01)
      with atenolol than with pindolol. Before beta-blocker therapy, many patients had
      already experienced side-effects such as fatigue, sleep disturbances and dreams.
      This probably relates to the high sensitivity of the analogue scale used to
      assess side-effects, and to the high incidence of such symptoms in untreated
      patients. As the study progressed there was a reduction in the frequency of
      fatigue (p less than 0.03) and dreams (p less than 0.05) in both groups, whereas
      sleep disturbances significantly increased under pindolol (p less than 0.05) but
      decreased under atenolol (p less than 0.05). The only important side-effect
      difference between the two beta-blockers was the higher incidence of sleep
      disturbances with pindolol which may be due to the higher lipophilicity of this
      beta-blocker.

PMID- 4054196
TI  - Effect of atenolol on car drivers in a prolonged stress situation.
AB  - The effects of atenolol were investigated in car drivers participating in an
      amateur car rally. Atenolol or placebo were administered to two groups of 20
      crews (driver and assistant) in this double-blind randomized trial. When compared
      with placebo, there was no deterioration in subjective appraisal of alertness and
      reaction ability in subjects given atenolol, and stress symptoms were markedly
      reduced. When compared with previous experience, the incidence of improved
      subjective appraisal of general driving ability was higher with atenolol (30
      reports) than with placebo (5 reports). Furthermore the incidence of unchanged or
      worsened driving ability was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) with
      placebo (34 reports) than with atenolol (9 reports). At the end of the rally (16
      hours after administration) subjects receiving atenolol 50 mg had significant
      reductions in heart rate (p less than 0.001), diastolic pressure (p less than
      0.01), and systolic pressure (p less than 0.01) when compared with placebo.

PMID- 4054197
TI  - Validation of observed differences in the utilization of antihypertensive and
      antidiabetic drugs in Northern Ireland, Norway and Sweden.
AB  - The amount of antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs based of defined daily
      doses per 1000 inhabitants per day varies two to three fold between Northern
      Ireland, Norway, and Sweden. We explored whether variations based on the
      universally applied defined daily doses might be accounted for by national
      differences in the actual average prescribed daily doses. Use of prescribed daily
      doses for antihypertensive drugs resulted in Northern Irish and Norwegian
      consumption figures which were respectively 40 and 21% lower than the Swedish
      one, compared to 38 and 25% when defined daily doses were used. The effect of
      population age-sex differences on the gross defined daily doses per 1000
      inhabitants per day figures was determined by applying the Northern Irish or
      Norwegian age-sex group proportions to Swedish age-sex specific sales data.
      Taking population differences into account would have resulted in
      antihypertensive drug use being 21 rather than 38% less in Northern Ireland and
      18 rather than 25% less in Norway. Also adjustment for prescribed daily doses
      left an unexplained difference of 23% between Sweden and Northern Ireland and 14%
      between Sweden and Norway. For oral antidiabetics use of prescribed daily doses
      resulted in a Northern Irish - Swedish difference of 62% compared to 67% when
      defined daily doses were used. Simultaneous adjustment for population differences
      and prescribed to defined daily dose variations left a 52% difference.

PMID- 4054198
TI  - Central effects in man of the novel schistosomicidal benzodiazepine meclonazepam.
AB  - The novel benzodiazepine derivative, meclonazepam (3-methylclonazepam) has been
      found to be orally effective at high doses against all stages of schistosomiasis.
      Animals studies have shown it to have a high therapeutic index and a profile of
      behavioural activity typical of the benzodiazepines. The effects of single oral
      doses of meclonazepam, 1, 2 and 4 mg on central arousal, psychomotor performance
      and subjective mood were studied in two double-blind placebo controlled studies
      in healthy volunteers. In doses exceeding 1 mg, meclonazepam caused marked dose
      related impairment in cognitive and psychomotor functions as well as shifts in
      mood reflecting sedation and ataxia. These effects were most prominent in the
      first 3 h after administration, with moderate sedation still present 6 h after
      the 4 mg dose. The implications of these findings for the use of benzodiazepine
      agents in the treatment of schistosomiasis are discussed.

PMID- 4054199
TI  - Human plasma and skin blister fluid levels of griseofulvin following a single
      oral dose.
AB  - Griseofulvin and 6-demethylgriseofulvin (6-DMG) in plasma, suction blister fluid
      (SBF) and cantharides blister fluid (CBF) and urinary excretion of 6-DMG, were
      evaluated following administration of single oral doses of an ultramicrosize and
      a microsize formulation of griseofulvin to 6 healthy volunteers. The
      bioavailability of griseofulvin was higher following the ultramicrosize
      formulation when 64% of the dose was recovered (via metabolites) versus 52% after
      the microsize preparation. Penetration into skin blister fluid was delayed as
      compared to plasma levels; the peak concentration in plasma was observed at 3-4
      h, whereas griseofulvin in CBF increased up to 6 h. The terminal half-live was
      calculated from plasma levels to 9.3 h. The half-lives calculated from SBF and
      CBF concentrations were 9.2 and 9.8 h, respectively, (n = 5). In plasma 84% of
      griseofulvin was bound to proteins, predominantly to albumin; binding in SBF and
      CBF was 72 and 82%, respectively. 3 h after drug administration the free
      concentration in plasma significantly exceeded the free concentrations in SBF and
      CBF. Distribution equilibrium between plasma and skin blister fluid was observed
      after 27 h. Thus, during chronic administration, the plasma griseofulvin level
      should reflect its concentration in the target organ.

PMID- 4054200
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of theophylline and enprofylline in patients requiring a high or
      low dose of theophylline.
AB  - In patients requiring a high or low dose of theophylline the pharmacokinetics of
      theophylline and enprofylline were studied. The low-dose group took an average
      daily dose of 8.91 mg/kg body wt. and the high-dose group 24.75 mg/kg body wt.
      The average half-life of theophylline in the former was 7.11 h and in the latter
      4.72 h. The average clearances (CL) of theophylline were 2.83 and 4.58 l/h,
      respectively. The daily oral intake of theophylline was negatively correlated
      with the theophylline t1/2 (r = -0.63). While the t1/2 of enprofylline was
      similar in the two groups, CL and volume of distribution (Vc) were slightly
      (about 30%) but significantly higher in patients requiring a high dose of
      theophylline. CL of enprofylline did not correlate with CL of theophylline, nor
      was the Vc of the two drugs correlated. Interindividual variability in t1/2 and
      CL was considerably lower for enprofylline than for theophylline.

PMID- 4054202
TI  - Cellular pharmacokinetics of daunorubicin: uptake by leukaemic cells in vivo and
      fate.
AB  - In 6 patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia, daunorubicin was assayed in
      leukaemic cells from peripheral blood or bone marrow. The cells were separated
      from red blood cells and granulocytes by centrifugation on a Ficoll-Isopac
      gradient. The assay was performed by high performance liquid chromatography.
      Daunorubicin concentrations in peripheral leukaemic cells, 2 hours after the end
      of the infusion, were much higher than in plasma, the cell/plasma concentration
      ratio reaching about 350 and rising to almost 700 at 24 h. At that time, drug
      concentrations were even higher in the bone marrow leukaemic cells. The value of
      the assay of daunorubicin in cells as method for monitoring therapy is discussed.

PMID- 4054201
TI  - Drastic improvement in the rectal absorption profile of morphine in man.
AB  - Rectal absorption of morphine HCl from aqueous vehicles at different pHs in man
      has been compared with an orally administered solution. Plasma concentrations of
      morphine were measured by electrochemical HPLC analysis after a single dose of 10
      mg morphine HCl, in a cross-over study in 7 volunteers. Rectal absorption of
      morphine was dependent on pH, which could be explained as being due to pH
      partitioning. The absorption rate and bioavailability could be greatly improved,
      as compared to orally administered morphine, by adjusting the pH. It was
      concluded that a rectal solution adjusted to pH 7 to 8 provided an entirely
      adequate dosage form.

PMID- 4054203
TI  - The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of a new calcium antagonist nisoldipine
      in normotensive and hypertensive subjects.
AB  - The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of nifedipine and nisoldipine
      were compared in a double blind, placebo-controlled study. Nisoldipine, 10 mg
      significantly reduced systolic blood pressure but nifedipine 20 mg retard did
      not, although both drugs had significant pharmacodynamic effects as evidenced by
      increased heart rates. The terminal elimination half-life in plasma was similar
      for both drugs with a mean of 2 h. The pharmacodynamics of nisoldipine were
      studied in 8 hypertensives following both acute and chronic administration.
      Antihypertensive efficacy was demonstrated after acute dosing and was maintained
      over 4 weeks of twice daily treatment as monotherapy.

PMID- 4054204
TI  - Effects of the dopaminergic agonist cianergoline on blood pressure, the renin
      angiotensin-aldosterone axis and the sympathetic nervous system in patients with
      essential hypertension.
AB  - Cianergoline is a new dopaminergic agonist with a predominant cardiovascular
      action. Its effects on blood pressure, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis,
      the sympathetic nervous system and lipid metabolism were assessed in 20 patients
      with benign essential hypertension. Cianergoline given in increasing doses for 4
      weeks (maximum daily dose 12 +/- 2 mg (SD)) and placebo both caused a slight
      decrease in arterial pressure, (from 159/104 to 152/98 mm Hg and from 154/104 to
      149/103 mm, respectively; difference not significant). Supine and upright plasma
      renin activity, plasma aldosterone, norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine
      levels, urinary catecholamine excretion rates as well as serum prolactin, low and
      high density cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were not changed after
      cianergoline or placebo. Total serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels
      decreased significantly after placebo, but were unchanged after cianergoline. 3
      out of 10 patients in the cianergoline group complained of nausea. The findings
      indicate that the new dopaminergic agonist cianergoline exerts only a mild blood
      pressure lowering effect in patients with essential hypertension and does not
      modify the release of prolactin, lipid metabolism or the basal activity or
      postural responsiveness of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis and of the
      sympathetic nervous system.

PMID- 4054205
TI  - The influence of fasting and of caffeine intake on finger tremor.
AB  - The effect of finger tremor of the administration of 150 mg of caffeine three
      times daily for two days was measured using an accelerometer in 7 healthy
      subjects taking their normal diet (excluding caffeine-containing beverages). The
      effect on finger tremor of a short period of fasting with and without the 450 mg
      daily dose of caffeine was also studied in the same 7 subjects. Fasting increased
      finger tremor significantly when caffeine was administered. In doses comparable
      to the likely adult daily intake in this country, caffeine did not increase
      finger tremor whilst subjects were taking their normal diet.

PMID- 4054206
TI  - On the interaction between phenytoin and digoxin.
AB  - An open, randomized, single-blind cross over trial to investigate phenytoin
      digoxin interactions at steady state was performed in 6 healthy male volunteers.
      Coadministration of phenytoin caused a significant reduction in the elimination
      half-life of digoxin from 33.9 to 23.7 h and a diminution in AUC0-48 from 31.6 to
      24.4 ng X ml-1 X h. Renal digoxin clearance was not significantly altered from
      135.7 to 120.3 ml X min-1. Assuming no change in beta-acetyldigoxin absorption,
      the in decrease time-course the serum digoxin concentration was due to a
      significantly increased total digoxin clearance from 258.6 to 328.3 ml X min-1.
      An insignificant reduction in the digoxin distribution volume from 749.4 to 668.0
      l was also observed. No relevant change in the pharmacokinetic parameters
      (elimination half-life, area under the serum concentration time-curve, protein
      binding) of phenytoin was observed when phenytoin and digoxin were co
      administered. The data suggest that with this drug combination the serum digoxin
      concentration should be carefully monitored and, if necessary, the daily digoxin
      dose should be increased.

PMID- 4054207
TI  - Plasma protein binding of dipyrone metabolites in man.
AB  - Four metabolites of dipyrone, 4-methylaminoantipyrine (MAA), 4-aminoantipyrine
      (AA), 4-formylaminoantipyrine (FAA) and 4-acetylaminoantipyrine (AAA) can be
      identified in human plasma after its oral administration. The plasma protein
      binding of the metabolites in samples from 20 healthy volunteers was determined
      by ultrafiltration. None of the metabolites were found to be extensively bound to
      plasma proteins. The binding of MAA and AA was relatively higher than of FAA and
      AAA, as expected from their chemical structure. The mean percentage plasma
      protein binding was 57.6% for MAA, 47.9 for AA, 17.8 for FAA and 14.2% for AAA.
      The correlation between the unbound concentration in plasma and the total
      concentrations of MAA, AA, FAA and AAA was linear. No association was evident
      between the total protein plasma concentration and the extent of binding. The
      possible therapeutic implications related to protein binding of several analgesic
      and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are discussed.

PMID- 4054208
TI  - Dextropropoxyphene kinetics after single and repeated oral doses in man.
AB  - The kinetics of dextropropoxyphene (DP) and its main metabolite norpropoxyphene
      (NP) were studied in 6 healthy male subjects after a single oral dose of 195 mg
      DP HCl, and during and after 12 daily single oral doses of 195 mg DP HCl. The
      kinetics varied up to five-fold between individuals after the single dose, the
      apparent mean elimination half-life (t1/2) was 16 h for DP and 29 h for NP. The
      mean apparent overall plasma clearance (CL) for DP was 2.61/min. There was no
      systematic difference in DP clearance between the single and multiple doses, but
      the accuracy of individual predictions from single to multiple doses was poor,
      probably because of imprecise determinations of the AUC and t1/2 in the single
      dose experiments. The individual correlation between single and multiple dose
      kinetics was good for NP, although the predicted plasma levels during steady
      state were significantly higher than the observed levels (mean AUCss/AUCsd:
      0.81). There was no sign of saturation kinetics on repeated administration. In
      fact, autoinduction, resulting in significantly lower plasma concentrations after
      treatment for 1 week was found for NP and was indicated for DP. On discontinuing
      DP after 12 days of treatment, the apparent mean t1/2 of DP was 23 h and of NP 25
      h.

PMID- 4054209
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of triamcinolone acetonide and its phosphate ester.
AB  - Triamcinolone acetonide in the form of its phosphate ester was given
      intravenously in two different doses (10 mg/kg and 80 mg). Plasma levels of the
      ester and triamcinolone acetonide were measured and pharmacokinetic parameters
      were calculated. The pharmacokinetics both of the phosphate and the free alcohol
      were dose-dependent. No unchanged ester was found in the urine, indicating
      complete conversion of the pro-drug. Triamcinolone was not a major metabolite of
      triamcinolone acetonide in humans. Renal clearance was low and independent of the
      dose. Only about 1% of the dose was found in the urine as triamcinolone
      acetonide.

PMID- 4054210
TI  - Human monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies react as lymphocytotoxic antibodies.
AB  - Two out of 25 monoclonal anti-DNA autoantibodies that were produced by human
      human hybridoma were found to have lymphocytotoxic activity. The antibodies
      reacted with normal B and T lymphocytes at cold (4 degrees C) as well as at warm
      (37 degrees C) temperatures. The lymphocytotoxic activity of the monoclonal anti
      DNA antibodies could be inhibited by prior incubation of the antibodies with
      either polynucleotides, e.g. poly(I), poly(dT) or anti-idiotypic antibodies, that
      had been raised against a dominant anti-DNA antibody. The cross-reactivity
      between nuclear material and lymphocyte membrane raises the question whether
      these apparently diverse materials have a shared epitope. The cross-reactivity
      between anti-DNA antibodies and lymphocyte membrane may account in part for the
      lymphopenia observed in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

PMID- 4054211
TI  - Stereospecific binding sites for [3H]nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in the rat
      brain.
AB  - NAD is a potent inhibitor of electrical activity in the dentate gyrus of the
      guinea pig hippocampus. NAD is rapidly degraded by an NADase enzyme present on
      synaptosomal membranes that we have recently found to be inhibited by
      nicotinamide mononucleotide. In this report we have characterised the binding
      sites present on brain membranes for [3H]NAD in the presence of this inhibitor.
      We have demonstrated two binding sites of KdS 49 nM and 4.26 microM that are
      modulated by GTP. From structure-activity studies we have shown the binding to be
      stereospecific for the beta-isomer of NAD requiring the whole of the molecule for
      full receptor affinity. The binding sites are distinct from those reported for
      adenosine and their presence has significance for the physiological role of NAD
      in the mammalian brain.

PMID- 4054212
TI  - beta-Funaltrexamine (beta-FNA) and neural tumor response in mice.
AB  - The effects of beta-FNA, a highly selective and irreversible mu opioid receptor
      antagonist, in altering tumor response in A/Jax mice inoculated with S20Y cells
      were determined. Inoculation of neuroblastoma cells in control subjects resulted
      in 100% tumor incidence within 16 days, and mean and median survival times of 36
      and 35 days, respectively, following tumor inoculation. Tumor incidence and
      survival times were comparable to controls for mice given chronic injections of 2
      mg/kg and 10 mg/kg beta-FNA every 48 h beginning 2 days after tumor inoculation.
      Tumor growth was subnormal in the 10 mg/kg beta-FNA group. Both dosages of beta
      FNA were found to block morphine-induced analgesia for 48 h. These results
      suggest that, in and by themselves, mu receptors selectively antagonized by beta
      FNA do not play an important role in neuro-oncogenic events.

PMID- 4054213
TI  - The enantiomers of SK&F 83566, a new selective D-1 dopamine antagonist,
      stereospecifically block stereotyped behaviour induced by apomorphine and by the
      selective D-2 agonist RU 24213.
AB  - The non-selective dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine and the selective D-2
      receptor agonist RU24213 each induced a typical syndrome of stereotyped behaviour
      characterised by sniffing and locomotion. The syndrome and its associated
      behaviours induced by each agonist were dose-dependently antagonised by
      pretreatment with the R- but not with the S-enantiomer of the benzazepine SK&F
      83566. R- but not S-SK&F 83566 stereoselectively blocks D-1 receptors with high
      affinity, while the enantiomers have a very weak affinity for D-2 receptors which
      shows negligible stereoselectivity. Therefore, enantioselective blockade of brain
      D-1 receptors appears able to influence the expression of behaviours initiated by
      D-2 receptor stimulation.

PMID- 4054214
TI  - Polyamines and putreanine relax respiratory tract smooth muscle in the guinea
      pig.
AB  - Spermidine, spermine, and putreanine, a metabolite of spermidine, caused
      transient relaxation of the isolated guinea-pig trachealis. The spermidine effect
      was not blocked by ouabain, propranolol or indomethacin. Spermidine treatment was
      shown to desensitize the tissue to subsequent additions of spermidine. After
      exposure to spermidine and repeated washes with spermidine-free solution,
      trachealis responded to KCl (30 mM) with a paradoxical relaxation. This
      relaxation was not blocked by propranolol, ouabain or indomethacin.

PMID- 4054215
TI  - Calcium and sodium dependence of the biphasic response of the guinea-pig ileum to
      agonists.
AB  - The isometric responses of the longitudinal smooth muscle of the guinea-pig ileum
      to acetylcholine and to histamine consist of a phasic contraction followed by a
      fade and a tonic contraction. At high agonist concentrations the fade is more
      pronounced and a period of lower tonus is observed in the early stage of the
      tonic component of the response. Experiments done in Ca2+-free medium indicate
      that the events responsible for the shape of the response take place in the
      absence of Ca2+ and of contraction. The phasic contraction was inhibited by
      hyperpolarization in low-Na+ medium. Small decreases in the external Na+
      concentration caused a diminution of the fade. Reduction of the Na+ concentration
      during the early stages of the tonic response caused contraction whereas
      relaxation was observed at the late stages. It is proposed that the fade is
      dependent on a Na+-sensitive mechanism that is predominant at early but not at
      late stages of the responses to agonists.

PMID- 4054216
TI  - Antiarrhythmic and electrophysiologic actions of clofilium in experimental canine
      models.
AB  - Clofilium was studied in three experimental models. In non-ischemic and
      chronically infarcted canine hearts, clofilium (0.5-2 mg/kg) produced a dose
      dependent increase in electrical ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT), but
      prolonged the effective refractory period (ERP) of normal myocardium in only the
      non-ischemic heart. When chronically infarcted hearts were subjected to
      programmed electrical stimulation, 1 mg/kg of clofilium inhibited the re
      induction of either ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation in 5 of 6
      animals and slowed the rate of the induced tachycardia in the sixth. Clofilium,
      however, failed to alter ventricular refractory periods of normal myocardium at
      either twice diastolic threshold current (176 +/- 5 ms control vs. 187 +/- 9 ms
      post-clofilium, P greater than 0.05) or at 10 mA (134 +/- 6 ms control vs. 137 +/
      13 ms post-clofilium, P greater than 0.05). In addition, chronic administration
      of clofilium (2 mg/kg, i.v., followed by 1 mg/kg every 12 h) was ineffective in
      decreasing mortality in a canine model of sudden coronary death. Of 10 saline
      treated conscious animals subjected to an electrically-induced intimal lesion of
      the left circumflex coronary artery in the presence of a previous ischemic
      insult, all 10 died suddenly of ventricular fibrillation within 173 +/- 45 min
      after current application. Under similar conditions, 7 clofilium-treated animals
      died suddenly within 249 +/- 88 min (P greater than 0.05) after current
      application while 3 animals survived (P greater than 0.10). Clofilium did,
      however, elevate the effective refractory period in these animals (150 +/- 3 ms
      saline-treated vs. 195 +/- 7 ms clofilium-treated). It is concluded from our data
      that there is little relationship between clofilium's electrophysiologic actions
      in normal myocardium and antiarrhythmic effects. Furthermore, simple prolongation
      of refractoriness in normal non-ischemic myocardium may be insufficient for the
      prevention of ventricular fibrillation which develops in response to a transient
      ischemic event superimposed on a chronically injured myocardium.

PMID- 4054217
TI  - In vivo stereospecific [3H]spiperone binding in rat brain: characteristics,
      regional distribution, kinetics and pharmacological properties.
AB  - The time course of [3H]spiperone distribution in the three major pools
      (specifically and non-specifically membrane-bound and soluble) of different brain
      areas, was studied in rats given a tracer amount of the drug. In addition, the
      stereospecificity, dissociation kinetics and pharmacological nature of the in
      vivo bound [3H]spiperone were investigated. The data show that [3H]spiperone
      binding sites in the striatum, olfactory tubercles and hypophysis differ clearly
      from those of the cortical regions. In the prevalently dopaminergic areas the
      amount of ligand bound to membranes is, up to 24 h post-treatment, proportional
      to the total 3H present. However a more correct analysis of the data was obtained
      in all the experiments when membrane-bound was measured instead of total
      radioactivity. Thus assay of the in vivo specifically bound [3H]spiperone appears
      essential for a correct evaluation of the density, affinity, regional
      distribution, pharmacological nature and kinetics of the drug-receptor
      interaction.

PMID- 4054218
TI  - Inotropic selectivity of salbutamol and terbutaline in anaesthetised, areflexic
      dogs.
AB  - The cardiovascular effects of the selective beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists
      salbutamol and terbutaline have been evaluated in anaesthetised, areflexic dogs.
      The preparation was designed to reduce the effects of changes in cardiac function
      mediated via reflex responses to changes in blood pressure. The effects of the
      selective beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists on heart rate, hindlimb blood flow, left
      ventricular pressure, max dP/dt and (dP/dt)/IIT (integrated isometric tension)
      were compared to those of isoprenaline, while blood pressure was held constant.
      All three drugs produced dose-dependent increases in heart rate, myocardial
      contractility and iliac blood flow. When equiactive inotropic doses of
      isoprenaline and salbutamol were compared, salbutamol produced a significantly
      lower chronotropic effect. A similar inotropic selectivity was found when
      terbutaline was compared to isoprenaline. beta 2-Adrenoceptor blockade abolished
      this selectivity. It is concluded that, in the absence of autonomic reflex
      activity, the beta 2-selective adrenoceptor agonists are relatively selective
      inotropic stimulants.

PMID- 4054219
TI  - Sex-specific gonadotrophin secretion, sexual orientation and gender role
      behaviour.
AB  - Several experimental and clinical findings suggest that different sex hormones
      (oestrogens and/or androgens) are responsible for sex-specific brain
      differentiation of gonadotrophin secretion, sexual orientation and gender role
      behaviour.

PMID- 4054220
TI  - Effects of high doses of oestrogens and androgens on lipoproteins: observations
      in the treatment of excessive growth with sexual hormones.
AB  - In a prospective study we investigated the changes of lipoprotein metabolism
      under therapy with high doses of oestrogens or androgens, applied to stop the
      excessive growth of very tall girls or boys. Therapy with 2 mg ethinyl oestradiol
      sulfonate per week for one year in 11 girls resulted in an increase in serum
      triglycerides, which was reversible after cessation, and a minimal rise of total
      cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in the phase of adaptation to this treatment.
      Therapy with 1000 mg testosterone oenanthate per month for one year lead to a
      fall of triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. These changes are considered as a
      regulative phenomenon, without consequences for the application of the high
      dosage therapy with these steroid hormones in the treatment of excessive growth.

PMID- 4054221
TI  - Influence of conspecific males on the oestrous cycle of underfed female mice.
AB  - Female mice maintained on restricted diet (3.5, 3.0 and 2.5 gm/female/day)
      exhibited disturbances in the oestrous cycle which were directly related to the
      degree of diet restriction. Females maintained on restricted diet, 2.5 gm/day,
      showed complete suppression of the oestrous cycle. The presence of a conspecific
      male was effective in maintaining normal oestrous cycles in underfed females to
      some extent. It is suggested that the ability of males to maintain oestrous cycle
      in underfed females is due to the stimulatory influence of the male-originating
      pheromone on hypophysial gonadotrophin secretion.

PMID- 4054222
TI  - Effect of thymus on the thyroid and pituitary thyrotropic function.
AB  - Thymus inflammation induced in infantile guinea pigs and rabbits by
      administration of melted paraffin drops into the thymic parenchyma resulted in
      enhancement of the thyroid functional activity. Thymosin injections provoked an
      identical effect. In both variants of these experiments the pituitary thyrotropin
      level remained within the norm. Hence, the pituitary thyrotropic function as in
      thyrotoxicosis lost the ability of response to enhancement of the thyroid hormone
      production. This result suggests that the cause of disorganization of the
      negative feedback between the thyroid and the pituitary thyrotropic function
      might be attributed to enforcement of the stimulated thymus secretory activity.

PMID- 4054224
TI  - Steroid diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome evaluated by pattern recognition.
AB  - Six steroid tests based on urinary free cortisol and plasma total cortisol were
      used for differentiating between 27 patients with Cushing's syndrome in whom the
      diagnosis was confirmed by operation or autopsy and 25 obese subjects imitating
      this syndrome in whom hypercortisolism was excluded by repeated examinations
      performed over several years. The complex quantified evaluation of these tests by
      computer pattern recognizing procedure allowed a correct classification of all
      subjects. The procedure quantitatively ascertained the usefulness of performing
      steroid tests repeatedly at due intervals for conclusive diagnosis. The response
      of urinary free cortisol to the low-dose dexamethasone and diurnal rhythm of
      plasma total cortisol appear to be the most important tests.

PMID- 4054223
TI  - The influence of sex-specific brain differentiation and of postpuberal sex
      hormone levels on the development of sex-specific differences of body weights as
      well as triglyceride, high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol and total cholesterol
      serum levels in rats.
AB  - The effects of perinatal sexual differentiation of the brain and of postpuberal
      sex hormone levels on the development of sex-specific differences in body weight
      as well as triglyceride (TG), high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-CHOL) and
      total cholesterol were investigated. Significant differences in body weight of
      male and female rats are attributed to the influence of different androgen levels
      during the perinatal period as well as to the influence of different postpuberal
      estrogen (E) and androgen (A) levels. Sex-specific differences in TG serum levels
      are essentially caused by varying influence of androgens during the perinatal
      period, possibly in part after conversion to estrogens. Different postpuberal sex
      hormone concentrations seem to have only little effect on the TG levels. Sex
      specific differences in HDL-CHOL serum levels appear to be independent of
      androgens during the perinatal period as well as of physiological postpuberal
      estrogen levels. These differences are mainly the result of the current
      postpuberal androgen levels. Total CHOL did not show any sex-specific differences
      under the conditions of the experiment.

PMID- 4054225
TI  - Mosaic Turner's syndrome and pituitary microadenoma.
AB  - A case of a 25-year-old woman with amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea syndrome and
      microprolactinoma is reported. The 45 XO/46 XX chromosome aberration did not
      cause complete ovarian failure. The presence of a pituitary microadenoma was
      demonstrated by thin layer pluridirectional x-ray tomography of the sella and the
      pathologically high prolactin reserve capacity of the pituitary. After the
      removal of the microprolactinoma and postoperative bromocriptine administration,
      regular menstrual bleeding occurred and the galactorrhoea disappeared. Some
      possible explanations of peripheral endocrine gland disorders accompanied by
      pituitary adenomas are discussed.

PMID- 4054226
TI  - Synthesis and content of a DNA-binding protein with lactic dehydrogenase activity
      are reduced by nerve growth factor in the neoplastic cell line PC12.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated that synthesis of a 34 kD protein having
      specific, high affinity for single-stranded DNA (34kD-ssb protein), is markedly
      inhibited by nerve growth factor (NGF) in the neoplastic clonal cell line PC12.
      We report here that total content as well as mRNA for this protein are
      progressively reduced in PC12 cells undergoing mitotic arrest and morphological
      differentiation induced by NGF. It is also shown that binding of the 34K-ssb
      protein to ssDNA is fully inhibited by NADH but not by NAD+ or by several other
      nucleotides. Enzymatic tests on the possible NADH/NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase
      activity of the 34K-ssb protein have demonstrated that it has lactic
      dehydrogenase activity (LDH) with a specific activity comparable to that of
      rabbit muscle. Furthermore, the 34K-ssb protein has the same peptide mapping as
      LDH purified from rat muscle. Antibodies directed against the 34K-ssb protein
      cross-react with the rabbit muscle enzyme and, vice versa, antibodies raised
      against rabbit LDH cross-react with the 34K-ssb protein. It is concluded that the
      34K-ssb protein is identifiable with the type M of LDH, although possible
      differences in primary structure of the two proteins may have escaped the present
      studies. We hypothesize that interaction of the PC12 lactic dehydrogenase with
      ssDNA occurs also in vivo, as indicated by the findings reported in the
      accompanying paper, and may be modulated by the cellular content of NADH which,
      in turn, is related to energy metabolism.

PMID- 4054227
TI  - Histone expressions in mouse-rat somatic reconstituted cells.
AB  - A critical analysis of histone expression was performed on the four interspecific
      and the two intraspecific reconstituted cells formed between karyoplast from
      mouse B16 cells and the cytoplast from rat cells (L6TG.CAPr) or mouse cells
      (B82.CAPr). All the reconstituted cells had the same pattern of mouse histones
      and the same amount of mouse-specific H2B. 2 histone as that of mouse nuclear
      donor cells. A hybrid between B16 and L6TG.CAPr contained both mouse and rat
      specific H1b subtypes, whereas no rat-specific H1b was detected in the
      interspecific reconstituted cells. In both intra- and interspecific reconstituted
      cells, the proportion of H1b content was lower than that of B16 cells but that of
      H1 degree was higher, indicating that the mouse H1 patterns from these cells
      slightly resembled the pattern of slower growing and differentiated cytoplast
      donor cells. As an effect of the tumor promoter, the H1 pattern tended to revert
      to that of the nuclear donor cells in agreement with the phenotypic reversion,
      without any significant change in cell growth.

PMID- 4054229
TI  - Inhibition of uracil-DNA glycosylase increases SCEs in BrdU-treated and visible
      light-irradiated cells.
AB  - We have approached the study of the ability of different types of lesions
      produced by DNA-damaging agents to develop sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) by
      analyzing SCE levels observed in Allium cepa L cells with BrdU-substituted DNA
      and exposed to visible light (VL), an irradiation which produces uracil residues
      in DNA after debromination of bromouracil and enhances SCE levels but only above
      a certain dose. We have partially purified an uracil-DNA glycosylase activity
      from A. cepa L root meristem cells, which removes uracil from DNA, the first step
      in the excision repair of this lesion. This enzyme was inhibited in vitro by 6
      amino-uracil and uracil but not by thymine. When cells exposed to VL, at a dose
      that did not produce per se an SCE increase, were immediately post-treated with
      these inhibitors of uracil-DNA glycosylase, a significant increase in SCE levels
      was obtained. Moreover, SCE levels in irradiated cells dropped to control level
      when a short holding time (less than 15 min) elapsed between exposure to VL and
      the beginning of post-treatment with the inhibitor. Thus, our results (1) showed
      that inhibitors of uracil-DNA glycosylase enhanced SCE levels in cells with
      unifilarly BrdU-substituted DNA exposed to visible light; (2) pointed to uracils
      and/or to some products of their repair as lesions responsible for SCE formation
      under our experimental conditions; and (3) indicated the existence of a very
      rapid repair of SCE-inducing lesions produced by visible light irradiation of
      cells with unifilarly BrdU-containing DNA.

PMID- 4054228
TI  - Phalloidin shift on velocity sedimentation sucrose gradient centrifugation for
      identification of microfilament-associated proteins.
AB  - Velocity sedimentation by sucrose density gradient centrifugation has been used
      to characterize ascites microvillar microfilament cores and to identify
      microfilament-associated proteins. Fluoride, calcium, phalloidin and chemical
      cross-linking treatments of microvilli during Triton X-100 extractions increase
      the sedimentation rate of the microfilament core, compared with untreated control
      samples. Electrophoretic analyses of the distributions of actin, alpha-actinin
      and other microfilament-associated proteins across the gradients indicate that
      the primary mechanism for stabilization of the microfilament core is the
      reduction of fragmentation of the microfilaments. Significantly, alpha-actinin
      could be completely removed from the microfilaments by calcium treatment without
      causing a decrease in the size of the microfilament core. Because of the
      specificity of phalloidin in the stabilization of microfilaments, the shift on
      the gradients of microfilaments and their associated proteins in the presence of
      phalloidin provides a diagnostic tool for the identification of microfilament
      associated proteins. This phalloidin shift technique should have widespread
      utility in the analysis of actin forms and microfilament-associated proteins from
      complex cell fractions.

PMID- 4054230
TI  - Characterization of peroxisomes in Chinese hamster ovary cells in culture.
AB  - In order to explore the potential value of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells for
      the isolation of peroxisomal mutants defective in the peroxisomal fatty acid
      oxidation system, some characteristics of their peroxisomes were studied.
      Catalase was detected biochemically and histochemically in peroxisome-like
      particles in cells or in subcellular fractions prepared by differential
      centrifugation or isopyknic equilibrium in Percoll or Metrizamide with catalase
      in the high density fractions of the isopyknic equilibrium gradients. By
      oxidation system, exhibited an unusually high specific activity, 2.46 +/- 1.09
      mU/mg protein, in CHO cell homogenates, a value comparable to that of rat liver.
      This enzyme copurifies with catalase in the high density fractions of the
      isopycnic equilibrium gradients. By analogy with other cell types and from the
      ultrastructural analysis, it is concluded that these enzymes are contained in
      peroxisomes. These findings support the value of CHO cells for studies of
      peroxisomal function and organization.

PMID- 4054231
TI  - Molecular duality of DNA ligase in axolotl corresponds to distinctive
      transcriptional information.
AB  - Based upon the use of specific antibodies and sucrose gradient sedimentation
      analysis, the present work describes the use of the post-transcriptional
      equipment of the urodele egg to compare the information contained in two RNA
      samples extracted from respectively liver and activated axolotl eggs. It is shown
      that besides the normal DNA ligase activity present in the host Pleurodeles eggs,
      RNA can translate for the specific carried information revealing a difference
      between the two samples. Moreover, unlike in nuclear transplantation, the
      homologous DNA ligases are not mutually exclusive. These observations give a new
      convincing support of the genetic basis of the molecular duality of DNA ligases.

PMID- 4054232
TI  - Demonstration of receptor-mediated chemotaxis by human spermatozoa. A novel
      quantitative bioassay.
AB  - A novel in vitro technique is described for measuring the chemotactic activity of
      soluble substances for human spermatozoa. This new bioassay has demonstrated that
      the synthetic chemotactic peptide N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe elicits a potent, specific
      (i.e., receptor-mediated) chemotactic effect on human spermatozoa with an EC50 of
      3.2 X 10(-10) M. Quantitative chemotactic studies on human spermatozoa with nine
      N-formylated-peptide analogs have shown a rank order of peptide potency
      indistinguishable (p less than 0.001) from that obtained in binding and
      chemotactic studies with rabbit neutrophils. The competitive antagonist Boc (t
      butoxycarbonyl)-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Phe, 10(-6) M, completely inhibited the
      chemotaxis elicited by f-Met-Leu-Phe, 10(-9) M, and was able to shift by one
      order of magnitude the molar concentration required by f-Met-Leu-Phe-Phe and f
      Met-Leu-Phe to elicit the maximal response. The ability of N-formylated peptides
      to function as sperm chemoattractants reveals a high degree of correlation with
      binding, chemotaxis, and lysosomal enzyme release previously employed to define
      the neutrophil chemotactic receptor. This first unequivocal demonstration of
      substances having a receptor-mediated chemotactic effect for human male gametes
      suggests that human spermatozoa may indeed have the ability to respond
      chemotactically to appropriate environmental signals.

PMID- 4054233
TI  - Protein synthesis in 3T3 cells stimulated to proliferate at various rates.
AB  - Reproducible conditions were defined for using rates of leucine incorporation as
      a valid measure of rates of de novo protein synthesis in mouse 3T3 cells. Upon
      stimulation of quiescent cultures, rates of de novo synthesis of proteins
      increased and pool levels of amino acids decreased in proportion to the
      concentration of serum in the stimulating medium. Rates of de novo protein
      synthesis (per cell) exhibited a biphasic pattern of increase. These rates
      approached a plateau value at the end of the lag phase and increased again as
      cells entered S phase. This pattern of behaviour helps to explain the observed
      relationships between cell growth (increase in mass) and cell proliferation
      (increase in cell number).

PMID- 4054234
TI  - Glucocorticoid hormones inhibit DNA synthesis in glial cells cultured in
      chemically defined medium.
AB  - Primary cultures of glial cells from 2-day-old rat cerebellum were used to
      examine the growth control properties of steroid hormones. Immunocytochemical
      staining with antiglial fibrillary acidic protein (anti-GFAP) demonstrated that
      the cultures were highly enriched for astrocytes (90%). In an effort to avoid the
      potential influence of serum-borne steroids, cultures were switched from serum
      supplemented to serum-free, chemically defined medium prior to experimentation.
      Assays for DNA synthesis used [3H]thymidine incorporation with either liquid
      scintillation counting of TCA-insoluble material or light microscopic
      autoradiography. Glial cells grown in serum-free, chemically defined medium (F12
      basal medium supplemented with putrescine, selenium, insulin, transferrin, and
      BSA) replicated their DNA to a limited extent even in the absence of serum
      mitogens. When the glial cells were shifted to defined medium supplemented with
      various steroid hormones (corticosterone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, 17 beta
      estradiol, progesterone, or testosterone) at a concentration of 10(-7) M, it was
      found that the glucocorticoids, corticosterone and dexamethasone inhibited
      synthesis of DNA by 49.6 and 56.9%, respectively. Hydrocortisone, another
      glucocorticoid, caused only a small reduction in DNA synthesis. The growth
      controlling activity of the glucocorticoids was dose-dependent with
      concentrations of 10(-7) -10(-6) M showing maximal effect on DNA synthesis. These
      results suggest that physiological concentrations of glucocorticoid hormones may
      exert negative control over DNA synthesis of glial cells in the developing or
      injured central nervous system.

PMID- 4054235
TI  - Population heterogeneity in the surface expression of Ulex europaeus I-lectin
      (UEA I)-binding sites in cultured malignant and transformed cells.
AB  - We studied the binding of fluorochrome-coupled Ulex europaeus I-lectin (UEA-I) to
      cultured malignant cells: all human malignant and transformed cells and also
      mouse teratocarcinoma cells examined gave a homogeneous cell membrane-type of
      surface staining only in some of the cells. Such a population heterogeneity
      appeared to be independent of the cell cycle. Instead, other lectin conjugates
      used bound homogeneously to all cells. In permeabilized cells, a juxtanuclear
      reticular staining of the Golgi apparatus was seen in the UEA-I-positive cells.
      No staining of the pericellular matrix components, produced by malignant cells
      grown in serum-free culture medium, could be obtained with TRITC-UEA-I. UEA-I
      lectin recognized most polypeptides from A8387 fibrosarcoma cells and HeLa cells,
      metabolically labeled with [3H]fucose. Furthermore, surface labelling of these
      cells with the neuraminidase-galactose oxidase/sodium borohydride method
      disclosed that both UEA-I and Ricinus communis agglutinin I revealed the same
      major surface glycoproteins. Results with metabolically labelled cells showed, in
      addition, that UEA-I-lectin did not bind to secreted glycoproteins produced by
      A8387 cells and recognized by other lectins. The results indicate that
      transformed and malignant cells show a distinct population heterogeneity in their
      expression of some cell surface-associated fucosyl glycoconjugates. The results
      also suggest that malignant cells can glycosylate their membrane and secreted
      glycoproteins in a different manner.

PMID- 4054236
TI  - The coincident time-space patterns of septate junction development in normal and
      exogastrulated sea urchin embryos.
AB  - Earlier studies have shown that two types of septate junction are formed during
      early sea urchin morphogenesis. One type is the straight, unbranched, double
      septum septate (SUDS) which is found in the ectodermal layer throughout early
      development. The second type is formed only in cells which invaginate to become
      endoderm and to form the digestive tract. This junction is characterized by
      pleated, anastomosing, single septum septates (PASS). In order to ascertain in
      which parts of the digestive tract these junctions are formed, we studied
      exogastrulae because the endoderm is everted and forms constricted areas of the
      gut which are easily recognizable. Our results show that, in control embryos,
      SUDS septates are found in the mouth, esophagus and coelom and that PASS septates
      are found in the stomach, intestine and anus. These junctional types are also
      found in the same areas in exogastrulae; SUDS septates are found in the
      stomadeum, esophagus and coelom, and PASS septates are found in the stomach and
      intestine. The transition from SUDS to PASS junctions takes place within the same
      time period in exogastrulae as in normal embryos, i.e., from the time of mid
      gastrulation through the pluteus stage. These results indicate that septate
      junction formation in the sea urchin embryo digestive tract may be genetically
      programmed in terms of both time and spatial location. This program is not
      altered either by the major dislocation of cells from their normal position
      within the embryo or from normal contacts with neighboring cells.

PMID- 4054237
TI  - Culture of atrial and ventricular cardiac muscle cells from the adult squirrel
      monkey Saimiri sciureus.
AB  - Atrial and ventricular cardiac muscle cells isolated from the adult squirrel
      monkey Saimiri sciureus were cultured and characterized by light and transmission
      electron microscopy (TEM). Freshly isolated cells were striated and cylindrical
      in shape and, when placed in culture, rounded up and lost their highly organized
      morphology. With prolonged time in culture, they spread out on the surface of the
      culture flask and reacquired many of the internal ultrastructural characteristics
      of their in vivo atrial and ventricular cardiac muscle cell counterparts.
      Autoradiographic experiments indicated that both atrial and ventricular myocytes
      synthesized DNA when grown in culture. In some binucleated atrial cells only one
      nucleus became labelled. These studies show that it is now possible to culture
      cardiac muscle cells isolated from an adult primate.

PMID- 4054238
TI  - Parasites and asthma--predictive or protective?
AB  - Most prevalence surveys (figures 1 and 2) suggest that asthma is less common in
      heavily parasitized countries, but case-control studies either show no
      association or an increase in parasitism in asthmatics. Studies which included
      egg counts suggest that asthmatics have a lower parasite burden than normals,
      compatible with the notion that asthma protects against parasitic infection, or
      vice versa. The completely contradictory findings of serum IgE in three studies
      do not help to elucidate any association or its mechanism. The available
      epidemiologic data neither refute nor support the theory that parasitic disease
      protects against or causes asthma. A more definitive answer might come from a
      comparison of asthma prevalence in heavily parasitized and parasite-free
      subjects, or from a prospective study of asthma incidence in two or more
      comparable communities where one population is naturally or therapeutically free
      of intestinal parasites. If an effective antihelminthic vaccine is developed, it
      would also be interesting to watch vaccinees for development of, or changes in,
      asthma symptoms, and to determine whether these findings correlate with vaccine
      induced changes in IgE.

PMID- 4054239
TI  - The effect of transferrin saturation on the estimation of erythropoietin by the
      mouse spleen cell microassay.
AB  - The effect of transferrin from various sources and the degree of saturation with
      iron on the stimulation of DNA synthesis by erythropoietin (Epo) has been
      investigated. Mouse, human, and bovine transferrins saturated with iron caused an
      increase in thymidine incorporation both in the absence and presence of Epo. In
      contrast, exogenous human and bovine apotransferrin resulted in significantly
      decreased incorporation of the tracer. The iron saturation of serum alters its
      apparent erythropoietic activity. This transferrin saturation effect may be
      overcome by a simple modification involving the addition of iron to the culture
      medium.

PMID- 4054241
TI  - Characteristics of rat megakaryocyte colonies and their progenitors in agar
      culture.
AB  - The characteristics of megakaryocyte colonies that develop from megakaryocyte
      progenitors of rat bone marrow stimulated by rat spleen-conditioned medium (SCM)
      in agar culture were investigated. Colony frequency was optimal on day 7 and
      increased relative to both the number of cells plated and the concentration of
      SCM used. Plating efficiencies averaged 72 +/- 16 megakaryocyte colonies/10(5)
      cells with 0.1 ml SCM/culture. Colonies were categorized as small cell and big
      cell. Small-cell colonies had a greater proliferative potential, with a mean of
      25 cells/colony. Big-cell colonies averaged 15 cells/colony. The ratio of big
      cell to small-cell colonies was 0.69 +/- 0.29. Granulocyte-macrophage colonies,
      which were also stimulated by SCM, accounted for 70% +/- 15% of the total
      colonies in the cultures. Cytocidal experiments with tritiated thymidine reduced
      megakaryocyte colony formation by 45% and granulocyte-macrophage colony formation
      by 21%. The properties of rat, mouse, and human megakaryocyte progenitors as
      assayed in vitro are compared.

PMID- 4054240
TI  - Mutagenic and toxic effects of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide and of 2,4
      tetrahydrocyclohexylamine (ASTA-Z-7557) on human lymphocytes cultured in vitro.
AB  - Certain biological effects exerted by 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide and by 2,4
      tetrahydrocyclohexylamine (ASTA-Z-7557), utilized in vitro in the therapy of
      leukemias and lymphomas to eliminate the occult tumor cells in autologous marrow
      transplantations, were studied in human lymphocytes cultured in vitro. The data
      show that these drugs exert mutagenic activity eliciting unscheduled DNA
      synthesis (reparative synthesis) after DNA damage and cause about tenfold higher
      frequency of sister chromatid exchanges than controls. Furthermore, they exert
      strong toxic effects, measured as tritiated thymidine uptake inhibition, on
      mitogen-stimulated dividing cells even if pretreated during the nonproliferative
      phase of the cell cycle in which the toxic activity of the drugs is not
      detectable. Data obtained with doses of the drugs similar to those used in the
      therapy are discussed in terms of the therapeutic use of these chemicals.

PMID- 4054242
TI  - Canine blood mononuclear cells mediate contact-dependent impairment of
      granulocyte-macrophage colony formation by bone marrow cells.
AB  - Nonphagocytic, nonadherent mononuclear cells from canine peripheral blood (PBMC)
      were shown to suppress colony formation in agar of autologous and allogeneic bone
      marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM). Suppression required
      previous cell-to-cell contact in liquid culture between PBMC and bone marrow
      cells (BMC) and was time- and dose-dependent and resistant to x-irradiation with
      20 Gy. Small BMC were less susceptible than large BMC, whereas day-7 and day-14
      CFU-GM were equally suppressed. Cryo-preservation of BMC did not enhance CFU-GM
      inhibition. Spontaneous inactivation during liquid culture of CFU-GM or accessory
      cells by PBMC is the likely effector mechanism. Possible recognition structures
      are different from dog leukocyte antigens A and B. Canine PBMC or subpopulations
      thereof might participate in the regulation of normal hemopoiesis and in the
      rejection of hemopoietic stem cell grafts by natural killer cell-like mechanisms
      as has been suggested for human and murine natural killer cells.

PMID- 4054244
TI  - Hematopoiesis and aging: IV. Mass and distribution of erythroid marrow in aged
      mice.
AB  - Aged mice are "anemic," i.e., they have a lower hematocrit than young adult mice,
      but this appears to be a "dilutional" anemia; the red cell mass is normal. Other
      observations have supported the hypothesis that basal erythropoiesis does not
      change as mice grow old. In the present study, the percentage of injected 59Fe
      found in the skeleton and spleen, 59Fe distribution between various bones and
      bone groups, and the number of nucleated erythroid cells per humerus were studied
      and the total mass of erythroid precursors was calculated. There was no
      significant difference in any of these values between mice aged 3-27 months. The
      variability of 59Fe distribution within various skeletal parts was no greater in
      aged than in young mice. Thus, these data further strengthen the case for normal
      basal rates of erythropoiesis in aged mice.

PMID- 4054243
TI  - Comparison of the supravital DNA dyes Hoechst 33342 and DAPI for flow cytometry
      and clonogenicity studies of human leukemic marrow cells.
AB  - Human leukemic bone marrow cells were studied by flow cytometry and a colony
      forming assay. Two supravital DNA dyes, Hoechst 33342 (H33342) and 4',6-diamidino
      2-phenyl indole dihydrochloride (DAPI), were compared in terms of DNA histograms
      by flow cytometry and toxicity to cells by colony-forming assay. Initially,
      Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were used, and the optimal staining conditions
      for the two dyes were determined: 30 min exposure to 10 micrograms/ml at 37
      degrees C for H33342 and at 23 degrees C for DAPI. DAPI demonstrated DNA profiles
      with better coefficients of variation for Go/G1 cells than did H33342. This
      difference was consistently shown in four additional mammalian cell lines and
      bone marrows freshly obtained from five patients, four of which were leukemic.
      Both dyes, in the optimal staining conditions, can suppress the growth of CHO
      cells with H33342 more toxic than DAPI. In experiments on three leukemic bone
      marrows, H33342 was shown to be more toxic than DAPI in terms of colony-forming
      capability. Although there is considerable variation in the degree of the
      toxicity between different cases, more than 50% of leukemic colony-forming cells
      can survive after DAPI staining. These data indicate that DAPI is preferable to
      H33342 for use with human leukemic cells because the staining technique required
      is less stringent; there is a more homogenous staining of the DNA, and there is
      less cytotoxicity induced. Supravital staining of DNA with DAPI and viable
      sorting by flow cytometry should be reasonably possible for functional studies
      such as colony formation after sorting.

PMID- 4054245
TI  - Megakaryocytopoiesis in the rat: response to thrombocytopenia induced by exchange
      transfusion.
AB  - We have studied the megakaryocytopoietic response in rats to acute
      thrombocytopenia induced by exchange transfusion of platelet-poor blood. Our
      analysis included serial determinations of peripheral blood counts, the size and
      number of megakaryocytes in sections of humeral marrow, the numbers of
      megakaryocytic (CFU-Meg) and granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) colony-forming cells
      in marrow and spleen, and the proportion of CFU-Meg and CFU-GM in DNA synthesis.
      With exchange transfusion, the platelet count fell to 11% of the control value
      (101,000 +/- 49,000/mm3; mean +/- SD) and returned to normal by day 3; rebound
      thrombocytosis (peak 1,720,000 +/- 246,000/mm3) was observed on days 4 and 5. The
      average size of marrow megakaryocytes increased significantly on days 2 and 3
      compared with normal (p less than 0.01), but the numbers of recognizable
      megakaryocytes did not change through day 5. The numbers of splenic CFU-Meg and
      CFU-GM increased significantly (p less than 0.05) on days 2-4 and on day 2,
      respectively, after the exchange; however, the numbers of marrow progenitors,
      which account for over 95% of total body progenitors, remained unchanged
      throughout the duration of the study. The proportion of CFU-Meg in DNA synthesis
      (mean +/- SD) increased from a baseline value of 17% +/- 4% to 33% +/- 11% (p
      less than 0.02) and 35% +/- 6% (p less than 0.001) on days 1 and 2, respectively,
      and returned to control values thereafter. There were no changes in the cell
      cycle activity of CFU-GM. Thus, acute selective thrombocytopenia induced by
      exchange transfusion causes an enlargement of marrow megakaryocytes and an
      increase in the fraction of CFU-Meg in cell cycle. These changes, occurring in
      the absence of immunologically mediated events, are the direct result of lowered
      platelet count.

PMID- 4054246
TI  - Erythroid progenitor cells (CFU-E*) from Friend virus-infected mice undergo 55Fe
      suicide in vitro in the absence of added erythropoietin.
AB  - We have investigated the effect of 55Fe on the survival in suspension of
      erythropoietin (epo)-independent erythroid progenitor cells (CFU-E*) induced by
      Friend polycythemia virus (FV). Spleen cells from C3Hf/Bi mice previously
      infected with FV were exposed to carrier-free 55Fe, and the survival of CFU-E* as
      a function of time in liquid medium was determined from the number of erythroid
      colonies that developed from these cells seeded in plasma cultures without added
      epo. The results showed that spleen CFU-E* were highly vulnerable to 55Fe: Do
      approximately equal to 1 h exposure to 100 microCi/ml. Marrow CFU-E* behaved in a
      similar manner. The 55Fe responsible for their suicide had been presented to the
      progenitor cells only during the 4-h period of incubation, after which they were
      washed and plated in excess nonradioactive iron. We therefore conclude that CFU
      E* themselves, and not only their progeny, are capable of actively incorporating
      iron. Under the same conditions in the absence of added epo, the effect of 55Fe
      on the survival of normal spleen or marrow CFU-E could not be assessed because
      two few normal CFU-E survived the incubation period. Normal bone marrow cells
      incubated in complete medium containing epo retained their capacity for
      erythrocytic colony formation, and CFU-E could then be shown to be vulnerable to
      55Fe. Thus, either the iron-incorporating system of normal CFU-E was inducible by
      epo, or else epo permitted survival of the CFU-E so that the activity of a
      constitutive iron-incorporating system could be recognized.

PMID- 4054247
TI  - The relative spatial distribution of CFU-S in the mouse spleen.
AB  - Mouse spleens were separated into white and red pulp fractions and into axial and
      marginal fractions for analysis of the relative concentration of hemopoietic stem
      cells (CFU-S) with respect to their spatial distribution in the spleen. Of the
      total splenic CFU-S population, 80% was in the red pulp fraction. The CFU-S
      concentration in this fraction was 11 times higher than in the white pulp
      fraction, which contained lymphoid follicles, periarteriolar sheaths, surrounding
      marginal zones, and occasional fragments of red pulp areas. Within the red pulp,
      CFU-S were spatially distributed with high concentrations in the subcapsular
      regions and decreasing frequency toward the median intersept of the spleen, where
      the CFU-S frequency was about one-fifth that found in the subcapsular area. The
      data suggest that marginal zones contain relatively more CFU-S than the follicles
      themselves.

PMID- 4054248
TI  - Primary human marrow cultures for erythroid bursts in a serum-substituted system.
AB  - To determine environmental requirements for erythroid burst formation in primary
      culture, we added human bone marrow cells to serum-depleted methylcellulose,
      agar, or fibrin clot cultures. Optimal BFU-E proliferation was present in
      cultures prepared with Iscove's modified Dulbecco medium, 248 micrograms/ml
      transferrin, 1.63 micrograms/ml ferric chloride, 117 micrograms/ml bovine serum
      albumin, and each of seven preparations of erythropoietin. Burst number was
      comparable to that in serum containing culture. Reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate
      electrophoresis of commercial albumin preparations showed them to contain
      abundant lipoproteins. Results of experiments with human plasma albumin found to
      be greater than 98% pure by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and
      delipidated albumin indicate that an albumin source is needed for burst formation
      to occur. Together with albumin, exogenous phosphatidylcholine but not
      phosphatidylserine augmented burst number. Bursts routinely appeared in serum
      depleted culture without added burst-promoting activity (BPA). However, leukocyte
      conditioned medium (LCM) and its high-speed supernatant and pellet fractions
      enhanced burst formation. Antimembrane IgG capable of neutralizing BPA reduced
      burst number to a level below that achieved in LCM-depleted culture, suggesting
      that endogenous BPA was inactivated. We conclude that human marrow BFU-E
      proliferation requires iron-saturated transferrin, albumin, and erythropoietin.
      Exogenous BPA and phospholipids enhance but are not essential for burst formation
      to proceed in primary culture.

PMID- 4054249
TI  - Postcryopreservation growth of human CFU-GM: sequential examination of
      methodologic factors.
AB  - Postcryopreservation growth of human CFU-GM might provide insight into the
      reconstitutive potential of human marrow preparations cryopreserved for
      subsequent autologous hematopoietic reconstitution. Ultimately, the utility of
      such measurements will depend on: whether comparison of pre- and
      postcryopreservation CFU-GM values is a guide to loss of reconstitutive potency
      during or following cryopreservation, and whether such measurements are
      consistent and reproducible. In our hands, direct, unmanipulated plating of CFU
      GM after freezing and thawing resulted in extremely poor CFU-GM growth.
      Consequently, we undertook a set of sequential experiments designed to optimize
      technical conditions for growing human CFU-GM after cryopreservation. Utilizing
      stepwise examinations of washing, multiple plating factors, dilution rate, and
      diluent, we were able to increase consistently fractional recovery of
      postcryopreservation CFU-GM growth per 2 X 10(5) cells plated from 8% to 56%. Our
      results underscore the importance that technical factors (other than freezing
      conditions) play in the postcryopreservation growth of human CFU-GM.

PMID- 4054250
TI  - Comparative influences of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocyte conditioned
      medium, hemin, prostaglandin E, and low oxygen tension on colony formation by
      erythroid progenitor cells in normal human bone marrow.
AB  - The comparative influences of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocyte conditioned
      medium (PHALCM), hemin, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), and growth of cells at low
      oxygen tension (5% O2) were evaluated for their capacity to enhance colony
      formation in vitro from normal human bone marrow erythroid progenitor cells (BFU
      E). Each treatment enhanced colony formation by itself, and the combinations of
      treatments resulted in an additive enhancing effect on erythroid colony
      formation. Removal of T-lymphocytes from the bone marrow sample ablated the
      enhancing activity of PGE1, but did not influence the enhancing activities of
      PHALCM, hemin, and growth at low oxygen tension. The results suggest that the
      mechanisms of action of these various erythroid colony-enhancing effects may be
      different.

PMID- 4054251
TI  - Neuraminidase increases DNA synthesis of spleen cells induced by native and
      asialylated erythropoietin.
AB  - The uptake of 3H-thymidine by a suspension of spleen cells, obtained from mice
      made anemic by phenylhydrazine injections, is increased above the values obtained
      with native human or mouse erythropoietin (Ep) if the hormone is enzymatically
      asialylated. Preparations of human Ep asialylated by mild acid hydrolysis
      stimulated DNA synthesis to a lesser extent than the native hormone; however,
      when neuraminidase was added to the culture medium, the stimulation exhibited by
      the asialylated Ep was not significantly different from the stimulation shown by
      the native hormone. The DNA synthesis of these cells is increased even more if
      neuraminidase and the asialylated hormone are added to the cell suspension. The
      asialylated Eps are not biologically active in vivo. The sialic acid moieties of
      Ep and of the cells responding to Ep are involved in the in vitro response of
      spleen cells to the hormone, possibly by making Ep receptors available to
      interact with the hormone.

PMID- 4054252
TI  - Acetylator phenotype in patients with lung carcinoma--a negative report.
AB  - Fractional acetylation of plasma sulphadimidine 6 h after dosing with 40 mg/kg
      metabolically active mass (p.o.) was measured in 53 patients with primary lung
      carcinoma and in 31 controls. Sixty percent of all tumour patients and 58% of
      controls were slow acetylators. There was no statistical evidence (P greater than
      0.5) of association between acetylator phenotype and lung carcinoma.

PMID- 4054253
TI  - Airway cooling as the stimulus to exercise-induced asthma--a re-evaluation.
AB  - Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) was recorded in 20 of 22 asthmatic children who
      cycled for 8 min while inspiring hot (32-40 degrees C) dry (3-10 mg H2O L-1) air.
      The mean +/- 1SD reduction in forced expiratory volume in one second was 39.8% +/
      22.3 of the pre-exercise value. To determine the relationship between
      respiratory heat loss (RHL) and retrotracheal temperature (RTT) under these
      inspired air conditions we studied 11 non-asthmatic adults who performed steady
      state and incremental bicycle exercise. Exercise tests were also carried out
      while inspiring cold dry air. At the equivalent RHL, RTT was reduced by only 0.1
      +/- 0.35 degrees C breathing hot air compared with 1.0 +/- 0.81 degrees C when
      cold air was inhaled. These data suggest that abnormal cooling of the airways is
      not occurring during the inhalation of hot dry air. Thus an additional stimulus
      to airway cooling must have been acting to induce asthma in the children. We
      propose that water loss and not heat loss is the stimulus to EIA under these
      inspired air conditions.

PMID- 4054254
TI  - Buccal administration of fenoterol aerosol in childhood asthma.
AB  - We have studied 23 asthmatic children who were wheezy when attending a hospital
      clinic or following tests for exercise-induced asthma. Fenoterol was administered
      by metered dose aerosol against the buccal mucosa on the inside of the cheek.
      This produced marked improvement in peak-expiratory-flow-rate and relieved
      clinical symptoms. Buccal administration of fenoterol may be a useful treatment
      for children with mild asthma who have difficulty in using inhaled drugs.

PMID- 4054255
TI  - Prevalence of bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis in a community in northern
      Sweden; relation to environmental and occupational exposure to sulphur dioxide.
AB  - The prevalence of chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma has been studied in a
      community in northern Sweden, where the major air pollutant is sulphur dioxide
      (SO2) from a sulphite pulp factory. In the town the annual mean winter
      concentration of SO2 during the years 1975-1979 was 20-40 micrograms SO2/m3 air.
      A questionnaire concerning respiratory symptoms was distributed to all
      individuals (2374) within the age group 16-72 years, and was answered by 2203
      individuals (93%). Bronchial asthma was found in 78 (3.5%) individuals, chronic
      bronchitis in 57 (2.6%) and both diagnoses in 3 individuals (0.1%). There was a
      statistically significant relationship between presence of chronic bronchitis and
      sex, age, smoking and employment at the sulphite pulp factory. Sulphur dioxide
      exposure at the factory apparently acted synergistically with smoking in
      increasing the relative risk for chronic bronchitis in smoking employees compared
      to non-smoking non-employees. However, our results indicate no excess risk of
      chronic bronchitis in a population with long-term environmental exposure to SO2
      in concentrations between 20-40 micrograms, when the concentration of other air
      pollutants is low.

PMID- 4054256
TI  - Cytologic changes of the respiratory tract in vineyard spraying workers.
AB  - A cytologic investigation of sputum samples, obtained from rural workers engaged
      for years in spraying of vines, was performed in comparison to that of
      inhabitants of the same environment who were not vineyard workers. The subjects
      were grouped according to their smoking habits. Sputum specimens were
      conventionally stained with hematoxylin and eosin and were also tested for copper
      by rubeanic acid. Macrophages containing copper-granules in the cytoplasm were
      found in 64% of the workers engaged in vine spraying, compared to none in the
      control group. Sputum specimens were evaluated in respect of eosinophils,
      respiratory spirals, respiratory cell atypia and squamous metaplasia. In both
      groups abnormal findings were more frequent in smokers than in nonsmokers.
      Atypical squamous metaplasia was observed in 29% of smokers who were vineyard
      workers.

PMID- 4054257
TI  - Severe chronic airflow obstruction: can corticosteroids slow down progression?
AB  - A long-term (14-18 yr) prognostic study on patients with severe Chronic Airflow
      Obstruction (CAO) (FEV1 less than 1000 ml) is reported. In 65 of the 79 patients
      under study at least 7 serial FEV1 values were available. At the beginning of the
      study long-term treatment with oral prednisolone in doses of 10-15 mg/d was
      started. Side-effects and introduction of inhalation corticosteroid therapy
      resulted in a decrease or complete cessation of oral corticosteroid treatment.
      Three distinct patterns of the course of FEV1 were recognized: 1) no change, 2)
      initial increase followed by decrease, and 3) linear decrease. Initially 138
      clinical parameters, including reversibility of airflow obstruction, were
      comparable in groups 1, 2 and 3; group 3 showed somewhat stronger evidence of
      emphysema in lung function parameters. The 3 patterns of FEV1 showed strong
      association with the long-term use of prednisolone. At an oral dose of 7.5 mg or
      less/d, FEV1 decreased, often after a considerable time-lag (6-32 months). The
      results of the study suggest that in CAO oral prednisolone, in doses above 7.5
      mg/d, may slow down progression of the disease.

PMID- 4054258
TI  - Idiopathic bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis.
AB  - A patient with dyspnoea was found to have a complete diaphragmatic paralysis due
      to a bilateral phrenic nerve lesion, without evidence of a generalized
      neuromuscular disease. The functional sequelae of breathing with intercostal and
      auxiliary inspiratory muscles were studied in the patient both while awake and
      asleep. This we believe is the second case of idiopathic bilateral paralysis of
      the diaphragm described in the literature.

PMID- 4054260
TI  - Respiratory allergy in workers with occupational exposure to pancreatic extracts.

PMID- 4054259
TI  - Herpes virus infection, an unusual source of adult respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - We report a patient with Herpes Simplex Virus induced diffuse interstitial
      pneumonia associated with ARDS. A dramatic improvement in the respiratory
      function seems to have followed acyclovir administration.

PMID- 4054261
TI  - Ventilatory control in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The ventilatory control system was evaluated in a group of 40 diabetic patients
      (20 with autonomic neuropathy (AN), and 20 without autonomic neuropathy) and 20
      controls. The ventilatory increase in response to transient hypoxia was less in
      diabetics without AN than in controls, but even weaker in diabetics with AN. This
      pattern was repeated in the ventilatory response to hypercapnia. There was no
      correlation between the presence of abnormal respiratory responses and the
      duration of diabetes.

PMID- 4054262
TI  - Spontaneous regression of bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy in renal cell
      carcinoma.
AB  - A 26-year-old woman presented with a spontaneous regression of bilateral hilar
      lymphadenopathy, simulating the natural course of acute sarcoidosis. Several
      months later the lymph nodes reappeared and finally a metastatic renal cell
      carcinoma was found. The need for histological confirmation in the diagnosis of
      sarcoidosis is discussed.

PMID- 4054263
TI  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome caused by acute systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - A 34-year-old man, previously diagnosed as having an idiopathic diffuse
      glomerulonephritis, developed an acute, fulminating pulmonary disease which
      fulfilled clinical, radiological and physiological criteria for ARDS. He also
      fulfilled criteria for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. High-dose
      corticosteroid therapy, artificial respiration and hemodialysis were instituted
      and were followed by marked clinical, radiological and physiological improvement,
      returning to normal 15 days after admission. We discuss here the role of immune
      complexes in the pathogenesis of acute pulmonary vasculitis of lupus
      erythematosus and suggest a role of corticosteroid pulse therapy in treating ARDS
      of this etiology.

PMID- 4054264
TI  - Unilateral pulmonary hemorrhage in a patient with Goodpasture's and Swyer-James'
      syndrome.

PMID- 4054265
TI  - A new mucotropic agent--in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 2-alpha
      thenoylthiopropionylglycine (bronchoplus).
AB  - A new mucotropic agent, 2-alpha-thenoylthiopropionylglycine (TTPG) has been
      evaluated using two in vitro mucus models (pig gastric mucin and human bronchial
      mucus) and an in vivo model, the oral administration for a period of 7 days to a
      mini-pig fitted with a tracheal-pouch. TTPG at 2% concentration caused a 40%
      reduction in the viscosity of mucus gels in vitro, as compared to a control with
      water. Tracheal mucus samples collected from the pouch were examined
      rheologically and biochemically. The amount of glycoprotein secreted increased
      after administration of TTPG (440 to 616 micrograms/mg dry weight). The
      glycoproteins also appeared to be more acidic after TTPG. An increase in the
      sulphydryl concentration of the mucus was observed, suggesting that a hydrolysis
      product of TTPG had crossed the blood-mucus barrier. An increase in the viscosity
      and elasticity of the mucus gel occurred during the treatment period.

PMID- 4054266
TI  - Direction-selective single units in the nucleus lentiformis mesencephali of the
      pigeon (Columba livia).
AB  - The receptive field properties of single units within the nucleus lentiformis
      mesencephali (LM) of the pigeon were studied using electrophysiological methods.
      Previous studies have suggested that the avian LM may be homologous to the
      nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) in mammals. Single units in the pigeon LM are
      similar to mammalian NOT units in that they are direction-selective, mostly for
      horizontal directions, velocity-selective, have large visual receptive fields and
      respond preferentially to large stimuli with many visual contrasts. In contrast
      to most reports of NOT units of mammals, more than half of pigeon LM units prefer
      high velocities (greater than 10 degrees/s), a large proportion (0.37) prefer non
      horizontal directions, and receptive fields that are retinotopically arranged
      within the LM. The response properties of pigeon LM units are compared to the
      response properties of units within the accessory optic nucleus (the nucleus of
      the basal optic root or nBOR). In the avian brain, nBOR neurons respond at low
      velocities (0.5-5 degrees/s) and respond predominantly to vertical stimulus
      movement whereas LM units respond over a broader range of velocities (0.2-80
      degrees/s) and respond predominantly to horizontal movements. Thus, the LM and
      nBOR may play different roles in the control of compensatory eye movements.

PMID- 4054267
TI  - A quantitative [14C]-2-deoxy-D-glucose study of brain stem nuclei during
      horizontal nystagmus induced by lesioning the lateral crista ampullaris of the
      rat.
AB  - A study of the brainstem of the rat during horizontal nystagmus using the
      quantitative 2-deoxy-D-glucose technique reflected changes in the functional
      activity of cell groups based on their glucose utilization rates. Horizontal
      nystagmus was induced by unilateral crista ampullectomy of the horizontal canal.
      Comparisons of glucose utilization rates were made between experimental and
      control groups as well as from side to side within each group. There was a
      decrease of the ipsilateral medial and superior vestibular nuclei with a
      concomitant increase in the contralateral medial vestibular nucleus when compared
      to control. The medial rectus motor division of the ipsilateral oculomotor
      nucleus showed an increase whereas the ipsilateral abducens and the ipsilateral
      nucleus prepositus hypoglossi exhibited a decline in their utilization rates. The
      extra ocular motor nuclei responsible for the excitatory fast phase of nystagmus
      utilizes more substrate than those involved in the slow phase. An increase was
      also measured in the ipsilateral lobule of the cerebellar nodulus. The lateral
      reticular nucleus showed a bilateral decrease in its glucose utilization rate
      when compared to control.

PMID- 4054268
TI  - Responses of solitary tract nucleus neurons to taste and mechanical stimulations
      of the oral cavity in decerebrate rats.
AB  - Physiological characteristics of 45 taste and 15 mechanoreceptive units were
      examined in the solitary tract nucleus (NTS) of rats decerebrated at the pre- or
      midcollicular level, and compared with previous findings in the intact rat. The
      rostro-caudal extent of the area, where taste and mechanoreceptive neurons were
      recorded, was almost the same in the decerebrate rat as that in intact rat. The
      spontaneous discharge rate was significantly lower in the decerebrate rat than in
      the intact rat. The taste profile of the NTS units in decerebrate rats was quite
      different from that in intact rats; significant decreases in correlation
      coefficients were found between certain pairs of taste stimuli and spontaneous
      discharge rate, e.g. NaCl-quinine, sucrose-quinine. A large number of taste (18
      of 31) and mechanoreceptive (12 of 15) units examined had receptive fields (RFs)
      on the palate, and four taste and two mechanoreceptive units on the circumvallate
      area. This contrasts with the findings in the intact rat. Some taste (n = 1) and
      mechanoreceptive units (n = 2) had large RFs. Taste units with different RF
      locations showed different taste profiles. Acute i.v. injection of amobarbital
      sodium affected only the response magnitude of taste units, suggesting that most
      of the differences between intact and decerebrate rats might be caused by
      decerebration. The present findings indicate that neural structures above the pre
      or midcollicular level have tonic inhibitory or facilitatory effects on the
      response properties of NTS taste units.

PMID- 4054269
TI  - Purkinje cell activity in the flocculus of vestibular neurectomized and normal
      monkeys during optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and smooth pursuit eye movements.
AB  - Single unit activity was recorded in the primate flocculus after the vestibular
      nerves were cut (bilateral vestibular neurectomy) during optokinetic nystagmus
      (OKN), smooth pursuit eye movements (SP) and whole field visual stimulation with
      gaze fixed on a stationary target light (OKN-suppression). Following vestibular
      neurectomy monkeys had no vestibular responses and no optokinetic after-nystagmus
      (OKAN) in the horizontal plane. However, OKN slow phases still reached steady
      state velocities of up to 100 deg/s. After neurectomy, simple spike (SS) activity
      of Purkinje cells (P-cells) was modulated in relation to eye velocity, regardless
      of whether eye velocity was induced by a small target light moving in darkness
      (SP) or by a moving visual surround (OKN). In over 90% of the P-cells firing rate
      increased with eye velocity to the ipsilateral side and decreased with velocities
      to the contralateral side. Modulation in firing rate increased monotonically with
      increasing eye velocity. The strength of modulation was similar during SP and OKN
      for the same eye velocity. The change in firing rate of P-cells in response to a
      sudden change in optokinetic stimulus velocity contained a component related to
      eye velocity and a component related to eye acceleration. Only a few P-cells were
      also modulated with image slip velocity during OKN-suppression. The modulation of
      P-cells during SP and OKN was compared in normal and vestibular neurectomized
      monkeys. The sensitivity of floccular P-cells to eye velocity during SP was 1.14
      imp X s-1/deg X s-1 in normal monkey and 1.28 imp X s-1/deg X s-1 after
      neurectomy. The similarity of eye velocity sensitivities demonstrates that
      neurectomy does not change the characteristics of floccular P-cell modulation
      during SP. In contrast, during OKN modulation of P-cells is quite different in
      normal and neurectomized monkey. In normal monkey, P-cells are modulated during
      steady state OKN for eye velocities above 40-60 deg/s only. This threshold
      velocity corresponds approximately to the maximal initial OKAN velocity (i.e.
      OKAN saturation velocity). After neurectomy, the threshold velocity is 0 deg/s
      and P-cells are modulated during steady state OKN also over ranges of eye
      velocities that do not cause a response in normal monkey. Sensitivities of P
      cells to eye velocity during OKN for eye velocities above the threshold velocity
      are 1.0 imp X s-1/deg X s-1 in neurectomized monkey and 1.43 imp X s-1/deg X s-1
      in normal monkey.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4054270
TI  - Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and optokinetic after-responses after bilateral
      vestibular neurectomy in the monkey.
AB  - The superior branch of the vestibular nerve containing peripheral axons of
      primary afferents originating in the lateral and anterior semicircular canals was
      cut bilaterally in three monkeys (vestibular neurectomy). Vertical and horizontal
      components of eye position were monitored by electro-oculography (EOG) during
      different stimulus and behavioral paradigms. Postoperatively, monkeys were unable
      to hold their eyes in eccentric lateral positions in complete darkness. The eyes
      drifted slowly back to the primary position where eye drift was minimal (null
      zone). After vestibular neurectomy the time constant of the eye position
      integrator in darkness was 4-8 s. Constant velocity optokinetic stimuli produced
      peak velocities of horizontal OKN that were similar to those before operation.
      Consistent optokinetic after-responses could not be observed after neurectomy for
      stimulus durations of less than 60 s. However, with stimulus periods greater than
      60-120 s a drift near the primary position of the eyes appeared in darkness which
      had the same direction as the slow phases of the preceding OKN. Drift velocity
      was too high to be explained by drift due to the imperfect eye position
      integrator alone. We assume that drift after prolonged optokinetic stimulation is
      a combination of an after-response similar as it can be observed after smooth
      pursuit and of drift due to an imperfect eye position integrator. Secondary
      optokinetic after-nystagmus was not observed after neurectomy.

PMID- 4054271
TI  - Amblyopic processing of positional information. Part I: Vernier acuity.
AB  - Psychometric functions for the recognition of vernier displacements have been
      measured in 6 strabismic amblyopes, 1 anisometropic amblyope, and 1 bilateral
      amblyope of unknown aetiology. In the non-amblyopic eyes of the 7 unilateral
      amblyopes the mean threshold vernier offset was about half of that of a group of
      7 experienced normal observers. No correlation was found between vernier acuities
      and Snellen acuities in the abnormal eyes of squinters. These eyes also displayed
      massive distortions of horizontal spatial values causing perceptual distortions.
      In all but one of the amblyopic eyes tested hyperacuity virtually disappeared at
      the brief exposure duration of 50 ms. None of the observed effects could be
      predicted from the amblyopic contrast sensitivities, grating resolutions, or
      letter acuities. This suggests that the loss of positional information is an
      independent and most significant feature of amblyopic visual dysfunction.

PMID- 4054272
TI  - Amblyopic processing of positional information. Part II: Sensitivity to phase
      distortion.
AB  - Amblyopic sensitivities to spatial distortions of compound gratings and checker
      board textures were studied. Iso-energy target signals were used by employing
      phase modulations which leave the stimulus power spectra unaltered. The non
      amblyopic eyes of the 6 amplyopes tested showed supranormal sensitivities at 1 s
      exposure duration for both types of patterns. At 125 ms the amblyopic eyes were
      found virtually blind to the texture distortions while performance improved with
      prolonging the presentation time to 1 s. Comparable results were obtained with
      compound gratings. However, the correlation between amblyopic acuities and
      texture discrimination was higher than that between acuities and grating
      performance. This is probably due to the fact that both (misaligned) vernier
      targets and the texture are more 'natural' stimuli in the sense that they contain
      a broad range of spatial frequency components at many different orientations.
      Differences in behaviour between strabismic and anisometropic amblyopes did not
      occur. This suggests that the results depend upon defects of foveal visual
      function.

PMID- 4054273
TI  - Identification of two populations of corticothalamic neurons in cat primary
      somatosensory cortex.
AB  - Extracellular and intracellular recordings of corticothalamic (CT) cells were
      performed in the primary somatosensory cortex of the cat. CT neurons were
      antidromically activated by electrically stimulating the ventroposterior lateral
      (VPL) nucleus of the thalamus and were classified into two types according to
      their physiological properties. Type 1 had no spontaneous activity and no
      identifiable somatic receptive field. Type 2 fired action potentials
      spontaneously and responded to mechanical stimulation of the skin or underlying
      tissues. Axonal conduction velocities were slower for type 1 cells and their cell
      bodies were located slightly deeper in the cortex than those of type 2 cells.
      Both types of CT neurons exhibited inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in response
      to VPL stimulation but an early synaptic excitation and rebound discharge was
      observed almost exclusively in type 2 cells. These results suggest that only type
      2 CT cells can modify the activity of thalamic neurons through a corticothalamic
      feedback loop.

PMID- 4054274
TI  - The cathodal OFF response of electric taste in rats.
AB  - The cathodal OFF response in electric taste, the production of a taste sensation
      at the break of a microampere cathodal current passed through the tongue, was
      studied electrophysiologically in the rat chorda tympani nerve. Previous work in
      electric taste has centered on ON responses to both anodal and cathodal currents.
      The cathodal OFF response, like ON responses, increased with increasing current
      intensity until a saturated response level was achieved. Unlike previously
      reported ON responses, the OFF response did not show a sensitivity to the ionic
      composition of the fluid bathing the tongue making this the first
      electrophysiological report of ion insensitivity in electric taste. The cathodal
      OFF response was sensitive to the duration of the current pulse preceding it.
      Longer pulses produced larger OFF responses, until with very long pulses
      (seconds) a saturated response level was achieved. The half maximal response
      occurred at 12.5 ms. These results have been interpreted to mean that the
      cathodal OFF response has an origin other than the microvillus membrane, the site
      most often implied for ON responses, due largely to its ion insensitivity. A
      probable location may reside with ion channels transversing the basal membrane
      which are transiently excited at the break of the current resulting in excitation
      at the receptor-afferent synapse.

PMID- 4054275
TI  - Postural forearm changes induced by predictable in time or voluntary triggered
      unloading in man.
AB  - Human subjects sitting in a chair were asked to maintain their right forearm in a
      horizontal position in half supination. The forearm was loaded with a constant
      weight of one kilogram. Vertical force at the wrist level, angular position of
      the elbow and EMG activity of biceps, brachio-radialis and triceps muscles were
      recorded. Unloading was tested under four different conditions, the first two
      having been used in a previous study (Hugon et al. 1982): Voluntary unloading by
      the subject's other hand. An "anticipatory" deactivation of the load bearing
      forearm flexors is observed preventing the elbow rotation of that arm.
      Unpredictable passive unloading. This results in an upward forearm rotation which
      provokes the classical "unloading reflex". Two new conditions were tested in the
      present paradigm: Imposed unloading predictable in time (tone signal preceding
      unloading by a fixed interval). Unloading being actively triggered when the
      subject presses a key. Under the two latter conditions, no anticipatory
      deactivation of the flexor supporting muscles preceding the onset of unloading as
      in situation A was observed. During the first 120 ms after the onset of
      unloading, the forearm rotation was the same as in situation B (unpredictable
      passive unloading). Thereafter, the rotation was smaller in some subjects,
      apparently due to an ameliorated reflex action. It is concluded that temporal
      information concerning the precise time of the unloading or the triggering of the
      load release by a voluntary movement (key press) was not by itself able to induce
      the anticipatory deactivation of the forearm flexors that was seen with a
      coordinated voluntary release of the load by the contralateral arm.

PMID- 4054276
TI  - Chronic implants of chromaffin tissue into the dopamine-denervated striatum.
      Effects of NGF on graft survival, fiber growth and rotational behavior.
AB  - Adult rat chromaffin tissue was transplanted into striatum of adult rat
      recipients whose nigrostriatal dopamine pathway had been lesioned on the grafted
      side by 6-hydroxydopamine. Long-term survival of the intrastriatal chromaffin
      grafts and the effects of treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF) was studied
      histochemically using Falck-Hillarp fluorescence histochemistry and functionally
      using rotational behavior induced by apomorphine. Small, cortex-free adrenal
      chromaffin tissue grafts survived permanently in striatum. The number of
      surviving cells was significantly increased by NGF. NGF treatment also caused
      transformation of many cells towards a more neuronal phenotype and greatly
      enhanced the adrenergic nerve fiber outgrowth into host brain tissue. NGF was
      either injected stereotaxically into the site of transplantation or infused
      continuously using implantable osmotic minipumps and a stereotaxically placed
      chronic indwelling dialysis fiber through striatum. The latter arrangement
      permitted continuous infusion of NGF for 14-28 days and caused a vigorous
      adrenergic nerve growth response by the grafts directed towards the source of NGF
      in the brain. There was a clearcut correlation between morphological signs of
      taking and rotational behavior. Grafts, and in particular grafts treated with
      NGF, were able to significantly and permanently counteract the rotational
      behavior induced by apomorphine. There seemed to be a dose relationship between
      NGF treatments and amount of reduction of asymmetric behavior. NGF treatment
      probably decreased the relative importance of diffuse release of catecholamines
      from chromaffin cells in the graft and increased the importance of adrenergic
      innervation of host striatum by cells in the graft. Immunofluorescence using
      antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein did not reveal any marked
      gliosis around the grafts nor were there any marked gliotic reactions around
      chronic indwelling dialysis fibers. We conclude that implantation of chromaffin
      tissue into striatum in conjunction with NGF treatments is an effective means of
      counteracting some of the symptoms of experimentally induced unilateral
      parkinsonism in rats.

PMID- 4054277
TI  - A developmental study of retinal afferents and visual responses in the cat
      pretectum.
AB  - Neuronal responses in the pretectum (PT) were analyzed in 4-16 week old kittens
      after visual and electrical stimulation and compared with adult responses from a
      previous study. All three retinal fiber types projecting to the adult PT could be
      electrically activated in kittens from 4 weeks on. There was a dramatic reduction
      of response latencies to electric shocks to retinal afferents applied at the
      optic chiasm (OX) and optic tract (OT) in postsynaptic cells as a function of
      age, involving X-, Y-, and W-fibers. At four through six weeks postnatally the
      reduction in latency was found to be due to enhanced signal transmission at the
      axonal terminal region. Latency reduction continued after six weeks of life due
      to sharp increases in conduction velocity of the afferent fibers. Different steps
      in the maturation of visual response specifity were found for neurons of
      different functional types. Possible relationships are discussed between the
      development of neuronal responses of pretectal cells and the maturation of
      oculomotor behavior.

PMID- 4054278
TI  - Functional and developmental analysis of a visual corticopretectal pathway in the
      cat: a neuroanatomical and electrophysiological study.
AB  - The sensory corticopretectal projection in the cat and in its postnatal
      development were investigated combining neuroanatomical and electrophysiological
      techniques. The anatomical pattern of fiber termination was studied in relation
      to age using the anterograde HRP tracing method. Large injections were made in
      areas 17 and 18 of one or both hemispheres in 1-13 week old kittens and cats.
      Terminal label in the ipsilateral pretectum was seen only after the fourth week
      of life. Electrical stimulation in the same cortical areas evoked postsynaptic
      orthodromic excitation in 9-18% of cells at 4 weeks increasing to about 60% in
      the adult. In cats, but not in kittens, successful stimulation depended on the
      retinotopic matching of stimulation and recording sites. In adult cats a high
      incidence of direction and velocity tuning and a high degree of binocularity were
      seen in cells driven by the cortex as opposed to cells not so driven. Cortex
      driven cells in cats and kittens received convergent retinal input mainly via
      direct W-fibers, whereas cells not driven from cortex shock mainly received
      delayed W-fiber input. In kittens visual responses lacked sensitivity for
      direction and high movement velocity of patterns until 6 weeks postnatally,
      whereas ocular dominance distribution was not age-dependent.

PMID- 4054279
TI  - Activity of neurons in the cat substantia nigra pars reticulata during drinking.
AB  - Extracellular activity of single neurons in the pars reticulata of the Substantia
      Nigra (SNpr) was recorded in cats during drinking. Two groups of cells were
      distinguished: I. Somatosensory cells which responded by a short decrease in
      firing rate to the arrival of water against the upper lip. We suggest that these
      stimulus-related responses reflect a complex process linked to preparation of
      buccolingual movements. II. Action-related cells which were de-activated at the
      beginning or during the entire drinking period but without modulation in relation
      to the individual movements of jaws and tongue. We suggest that de-activation of
      these cells during drinking operates as a gating mechanism which allows
      implementation of complex motor sequences by cortical and/or subcortical
      structures.

PMID- 4054281
TI  - Dynamics of gap junctions between horizontal cells in the goldfish retina.
AB  - Experimental alterations of gap junctions between outer horizontal cells have
      been demonstrated in freeze-fracture replicas of goldfish retina. The alterations
      consisted predominantly of an increase of connexon densities and a decrease in
      the variability of the arrangement of connexons. They were observed i. in dark
      adapted retinae, ii. in animals with crushed optic nerves, iii. in picrotoxin-
      and bicuculline-treated animals. Since experiment i. is characterized by a
      depolarization of the horizontal cell, and experiment iii. was shown by others to
      result in uncoupling of horizontal cells, we conclude that the functional
      connectivity of horizontal cells might be correlated with the structure of gap
      junctions. An interesting detail is the differentiated reaction of axonal and
      perikaryal gap junctions on dark adaptation or blindness: whereas normally the
      axonal gap junctions are less densely packed, they increase their connexon
      density in darkness or blindness much more than the perikaryal gap junctions.

PMID- 4054282
TI  - Independent control of initial kinematics and terminal oscillations of rapid
      positioning movements.
AB  - Human subjects performed rapid elbow flexions to visual targets. Subjects were
      instructed to modulate characteristics of the endpoint oscillations while
      attempting to hold constant the amplitude and duration of the movement itself.
      Independent control of the initial kinematics and the frequency of terminal
      oscillations was observed. The view that positioning movements may be subserved
      by either a two-stage or time-series control system is supported.

PMID- 4054283
TI  - The attainment of target position during step-tracking movements despite a shift
      of initial position.
AB  - Subjects performed a step-tracking forearm movement at maximum velocity without
      visual guidance. A considerable shift of initial forearm position, which remained
      unnoticed by the subject, was induced by vibration of the biceps tendon.
      Notwithstanding the shift of initial position subjects attained the correct final
      position, irrespective of whether the vibration was switched off before the
      movement or continued during the movement. Recordings of biceps and triceps
      electromyograms show that muscle activities were programmed to produce a movement
      from the actual initial position to the target position. The findings indicate
      that correct information on forearm position is available to the central nervous
      system at a subconscious level even if position perception is disturbed through
      vibration.

PMID- 4054280
TI  - Topographical projections from the posterior thalamic regions to the striatum in
      the cat, with reference to possible tecto-thalamo-striatal connections.
AB  - Projections from the posterior thalamic regions to the striatum were studied in
      the cat by the anterograde tracing method after injecting wheat germ agglutinin
      horseradish peroxidase conjugate (WGA-HRP) into the caudalmost regions of the
      lateroposterior thalamic nucleus (caudal LP), suprageniculate nucleus (Sg) and
      magnocellular division of the medial geniculate nucleus (MGm). The results were
      further confirmed by the retrograde tracing method after injecting WGA-HRP into
      the regions of the caudate nucleus (Cd) and putamen (Put) where afferent fibers
      from the caudal LP, Sg and MGm were distributed. Fibers from the MGm, Sg or
      caudal LP were distributed mainly in the medial, middle or lateral part of the
      caudal half of the putamen (caudal Put), respectively. Although there was a
      considerable overlap, thalamostriatal fibers from the caudal LP terminated more
      caudally than those from the MGm. On the other hand, thalamocaudate fibers from
      the MGm, Sg and lateral part of the caudal LP overlapped with each other in the
      ventrolateral part of the caudal half of the caudate nucleus (caudal Cd). Fibers
      from the medial part of the caudal LP were distributed in the ventral part of the
      caudal Cd. In the superior colliculus (SC) of the cats with WGA-HRP injections in
      the caudal LP, retrogradely labeled neuronal cell bodies were mainly seen
      ipsilaterally in the superficial SC layer, and simultaneously, anterogradely
      labeled axon terminals were observed in the striatum. On the other hand, when WGA
      HRP was injected into the Sg or MGm, labeled SC neurons were mainly located in
      the intermediate and deep SC layers. Thus, ascending impulses from the
      superficial SC layer may possibly be conveyed ipsilaterally via the caudal LP to
      the ventral and ventrolateral parts of the caudal Cd and the lateral part of the
      caudal Put, whereas those from the intermediate and deep SC layers may be relayed
      via the Sg and/or MGm to the ventrolateral part of the caudal Cd and the middle
      and medial parts of the caudal Put.

PMID- 4054284
TI  - Motion after-effects in cat striate cortex elicited by moving gratings.
AB  - Responses of striate cortical neurones to bars of optimal orientation and width,
      moving with fixed velocity, were recorded in the lightly anaesthetized cat.
      Effects of periods of pre-adaptation with square-wave gratings of variable
      spatial frequency and velocity, drifting continuously in each cell's preferred or
      null directions, were investigated. Variations of cells' directional bias and
      responsiveness to oriented bars were assessed in relation to the degree and time
      course of pre-adaptation to drifting gratings, compared with the preceding level
      of firing when exposed to uniform backgrounds of the same average luminance. All
      cells showed some susceptibility to pre-adapting moving gratings: subsequent
      responses to a bar were initially depressed in the direction of pre-adaptation
      and, in direction-biased or bidirectional cells, were enhanced in the opposite
      direction, compared with bar responses following exposure merely to a uniform
      background. These effects were strongest and most consistent amongst standard
      complex cells and weakest amongst special complex cells: maximal effects were
      obtained with adapting gratings of optimal velocity and spatial frequency.

PMID- 4054285
TI  - Differential encoding of rapid changes in sound amplitude by second-order
      auditory neurons.
AB  - Single-cell recordings from the anesthetized gerbil revealed that neurons in the
      ventral cochlear nucleus, the most peripheral nucleus of the central auditory
      system, differentially encode a functionally relevant acoustic feature--amplitude
      modulation. Onset units show the strongest phase--locked responses to amplitude
      modulated sounds, followed in order by chopper, primarylike-with-notch and
      primarylike units. All these neurons show enhanced responses relative to auditory
      nerve fibers which provide their ascending inputs. This enhancement occurs over a
      90 dB range of sound levels.

PMID- 4054286
TI  - The effect of cooling of the supplementary motor cortex and adjacent cortical
      areas.
AB  - The medial surface of the rostral part of frontal agranular cortex, largely
      corresponding to the supplementary motor area, was rapidly and reversibly cooled
      while a monkey was performing a trained motor task requiring a premovement
      selection process of determining sensory signals as movement triggering or non
      triggering. During cooling, the motor task was poorly performed with grossly
      altered reaction times and variable amount of force, along with erroneous
      responses. Neuronal activity in the precentral motor cortex in response to
      sensory signals was also found to be altered.

PMID- 4054287
TI  - Effect of mitochondrial protein synthesis inhibitors on the trophic action of
      nerve stump in mice.
AB  - We studied the effect of mitochondrial protein synthesis inhibitors on the
      neurotrophic action of the nerve stump in mice. The sciatic nerve was cut as
      close to, or as far from the extensor digitorum longus muscles as possible. At 2
      and 3 days after denervation, depolarization in the resting membrane potential of
      muscles with long nerve stumps (14-16 mm) was significantly smaller than in
      muscles with very short (less than 2 mm) nerve stumps. Chloramphenicol (100
      mg/kg, p.o.), erythromycin (4 micrograms/kg, i.p.), ethidium bromide, (10
      micrograms/kg, i.p.) or acridine (10 micrograms/kg, i.p.), administered for 2 or
      3 days after denervation, increased depolarization in the resting membrane
      potential of muscles with long nerve stumps; muscles with very short nerve stumps
      were not affected by these drugs. The administration of chloramphenicol and
      erythromycin resulted in an earlier increase in the depolarization than ethidium
      bromide and acridine. Activities of cathepsin B and L of lysosomal proteases in
      the nerve stumps were enhanced by nerve degeneration; they were not affected by
      the administration of chloramphenicol or ethidium bromide. We suggest that
      proteins synthesized in mitochondria of the nerve may participate in trophic
      actions.

PMID- 4054288
TI  - Visual input to the hypoglossal nucleus.
AB  - Photic stimulation of the retina elicits in the mediocaudal part of the XIIth
      nucleus the appearance of pronounced field potentials and responses of single
      hypoglossal units. The latency of the evoked potentials, characterized by a
      complex sequence of positive-negative waves, was 32.75 +/- 2.5 ms for the initial
      component p1, 42.25 +/- 3.30 ms for n1, 49.75 +/- 3.09 ms for p2, and 67 +/- 3.94
      ms for n2. The hypoglossal neurons, antidromically identified by electrical
      stimulation of the XIIth nerve, responded with several combinations of excitation
      inhibition at various latencies. Nineteen percent of the units responded to both
      retinae and 10% only to one retina, mainly to the contralateral one. As the
      mediocaudal part of the hypoglossal nucleus receives vestibular information, it
      can be concluded that the hypoglossal units adjust their firing in relation to
      head position and also by using visual information.

PMID- 4054289
TI  - Recovery of postural control following chronic bilateral hemisections at
      different spinal cord levels in adult cats.
AB  - Chronic cats with double hemisections of the spinal cord, first at a lower
      thoracic level followed by a contralateral midthoracic cord at intervals of 0 to
      126 days (T-T preparations) or first at an upper cervical followed by a
      midthoracic at intervals of 15 to 74 days (C-T preparations), eventually
      recovered quadrupedal standing 7 to 53 days after the second hemisection. For
      about 7 days following the first hemisection at a lower thoracic level, floor
      reaction force (FRF) of the hind limb of the hemisected side decreased to 25 to
      30% of the normal value, then recovered to the control value. A group of cats
      whose second hemisection was done within 7 days after the first hemisection
      needed 24 to 53 (mean 43) days to recover quadrupedal standing, whereas cats
      whose second hemisection occurred after 10 to 126 days needed 7 to 22 (mean 15)
      days. During the recovery period many unusual reflexes were elicited which
      eventually disappeared as the cats resumed standing and walking. Lateral
      stability of the double-hemisected cats deteriorated significantly, whereas
      segmental reflexes were augmented. These results indicate the importance of
      descending impulses over the segmental motoneuron pools to control standing
      posture and locomotion. It was assumed that the descending impulses were conveyed
      by polysynaptic pathways which had minimal functions before the hemisections.

PMID- 4054290
TI  - Enhancement of the conditioning lesion effect in rat sciatic motor axons after
      superimposition of conditioning and test lesions.
AB  - In previous studies on sensory axons we reported that the effect of a
      conditioning lesion on increasing regeneration rate was enhanced if the two
      lesions were superimposed, rather than made at separate sites on the nerve, and
      proposed that this was due to the growth of axons through nerve predegenerated by
      the conditioning lesion. We now find that the regeneration of motor axons,
      determined by labeling with fast axonally transported protein, is also enhanced
      by superimposed conditioning and test lesions, to a greater extent than by
      separated lesions. However, the regeneration rate of the conditioned motor axons
      (5.40 +/- 0.44 mm/day) was less than that of conditioned sensory axons in the
      same nerves (6.65 +/- 0.56 mm/day). Recovery of motor function after the test
      lesion was assessed by computing a "sciatic functional index" from measurements
      of hind footprints made by the rats while walking. Recovery began earlier in the
      conditioned animals, with the time to half-maximum recovery being 13 days,
      compared with 18 days in animals that had received a test lesion only. In both
      groups of animals recovery was complete. Although these results are consistent
      with the proposal that regenerating motor axons elongate more rapidly through
      nerve predegenerated following the conditioning lesion, we cannot eliminate the
      possibility that the enhanced regeneration rate in motoneurons was a result of a
      more vigorous metabolic response to the conditioning lesion when placed more
      proximally on their axons.

PMID- 4054291
TI  - Gating of somatosensory perception following movement.
AB  - Tactile stimuli were applied to the right index finger at selected times
      following rapid movements of the thumb. The probability of detecting a stimulus
      was found to be impaired for at least 250 ms after completion of a voluntary
      movement. This finding complements previous work showing that somatosensory
      evoked potentials are reduced for a comparable period following movement.

PMID- 4054292
TI  - Bicuculline- and allylglycine-induced epilepsy in developing rats.
AB  - The development of bicuculline- and allylglycine-induced epilepsy has been
      studied in developing rats (6 to 30 days old). The results showed that during the
      first period of life, in both experimental models, the behavioral modifications
      were atypical and poorly correlated to corresponding epileptic EEG changes.
      Successively, a gradual evolution of the electroclinical patterns was observed,
      with similar characteristics in both bicuculline- and allylglycine-treated
      animals. Only from the 3rd week did electroclinical patterns similar to those of
      adult animals and more specific for the type of the convulsant agent appear.
      These data suggest that during the 1st 2 weeks after birth, the level of global
      cerebral immaturity, rather than the type of the epileptogenic substance, is the
      prominent element in the characterization of epileptic manifestations. From the
      3rd week, the more advanced level of anatomical, biochemical, and
      neurophysiologic maturation of the CNS allows a more selective involvement of
      various cerebral structures with subsequent well defined epileptic features.

PMID- 4054293
TI  - Combined effects of moderate ethanol consumption and a low-protein diet during
      gestation on brain development in BALB/c mice.
AB  - We investigated whether or not moderate ethanol consumption during gestation
      would interact with the effects of a low-protein diet in affecting brain
      development in BALB/c mice. The independent variables included fetal body and
      brain weights and cross-sectional area in midsagittal sections of the corpus
      callosum (CC) and anterior commissure (CA). Pregnant animals were fed either
      ethanol 12% v/v or an isocaloric sucrose solution from days 5 to 19 of gestation,
      when fetal development was assessed. In addition, the animals were fed
      semisynthetic isocaloric diets containing either 8 or 20% casein. All animals
      were pair-fed to those in the group receiving ethanol and 20% casein; an
      additional control group was fed lab chow ad libitum. There was clearly an
      interactive effect of diet and ethanol consumption on blood alcohol
      concentrations: those in the low-protein group were significantly higher than in
      the normal-protein group. Similarly, the effect on body weight in the group
      receiving low protein plus ethanol was greater than the additive effect of either
      treatment alone, although this may have been due partly to differences in litter
      size. Brain weight in this group was also significantly less than in the other
      three groups, which did not differ from each other. Covariance analysis,
      adjusting brain weight for body weight, suggested a brain-sparing effect of low
      protein but not ethanol. Neither treatment affected the incidence of the CC being
      absent at midline. The low-protein treatment decreased the cross-sectional area
      of both the CC and CA; the effect on the CC was independent of brain weight.
      There was no effect of ethanol on either of those measures.

PMID- 4054294
TI  - Occipital and inferotemporal responses to visual signals in the monkey.
AB  - This study analyzes cellular and field-potential responses in striate and
      inferotemporal cortex to visual stimuli in monkeys performing a memory task
      (delayed matching-to-sample). Each trial was initiated by a brief alerting
      diffuse flash preceding presentation of the memorandum (sample); the latter was a
      lighted circle (red or green, 1.5 s) to be retained by the animal during a
      subsequent delay for correct behavioral response (color match). The alerting
      flash evoked distinct excitatory cell responses and field potentials in the
      occipital cortex; those two orders of phenomena were broadly related to each
      other in temporal terms. By contrast, most cells in the inferotemporal region
      were inhibited by the flash, although the local evoked field potential had a
      configuration similar to that of the occipital potential. In each region, the
      sample stimuli elicited excitatory unit responses which summed to a unimodal
      distribution with an initial component roughly corresponding in time course to
      the local field potential. Although the shortest response latencies were found in
      occipital cortex, considerable temporal overlap of the sample-related activities
      in the two cortices was observed. The finding that most inferotemporal cells,
      unlike occipital cells, treated only the sample with excitatory response
      indicates that the inferotemporal cortex is selectively attuned to visual detail.
      However, the largely simultaneous activation of both cortical regions following
      the onset of the sample suggests that discriminative visual information is
      processed by hierarchic interactions of the two cortices through their reciprocal
      connections.

PMID- 4054295
TI  - Effects of passive exercise on neurogenic atrophy in rat skeletal muscle.
AB  - Passive exercise treatment for 23 days produced a retardation of type II muscle
      fiber atrophy in denervated extensor digitorum longus muscle of rat compared with
      denervated-nontreated animals. The type I muscle fibers of both denervated groups
      were similar to that of control rats.

PMID- 4054296
TI  - [Montmorillonite as a drug carrier: the release of papaverine from the complex
      with veegum].

PMID- 4054297
TI  - [The diuretic activity of Ononis natrix L].

PMID- 4054298
TI  - [HPLC determination of atenolol and chlorthalidone associated in pharmaceutical
      preparations].

PMID- 4054299
TI  - Cardiolipin vesicles can accommodate cholesterol up to 0.80 mole fraction, i.e.
      one molecule per cardiolipin fatty acid chain.
AB  - Cardiolipin-cholesterol interactions were studied by time-resolved fluorescence
      spectroscopy with 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene as probe. The residual anisotropy
      parameter, r infinity (reflecting the fatty acid chain packing), was measured in
      the liquid crystalline phase as a function of cholesterol addition. Two main
      results are reported: (i) a slight increase of the order parameter, S, computed
      from the r infinity value as S = (r infinity/r0)1/2, in the physiological
      concentration range of cholesterol; (ii) a sharp enhancement of S from a
      cholesterol mole fraction (X chl) of 0.20 and up to X chl of 0.80. This is in
      contrast to unsaturated lecithin systems for which a continuous increase of the
      order parameter was monitored, culminating at X chl = 0.50, the well-known
      maximum level of incorporation of cholesterol into lecithin model membranes.

PMID- 4054300
TI  - Agarose gel electrophoretic evidence for domains of nuclear DNA linked with bonds
      cleavable with sulfhydryl molecules.
AB  - Complexes of intact nuclear DNA with proteins undissociable by 2.0 M NaCl and
      nonionic detergents were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis following
      physical or enzymatic fragmentation. Sulfhydryl molecules converted these DNAs
      (but not the bacteriophage lambda DNA) into smaller-Mr forms. Following limited
      restriction endonuclease digestion of complexes with PstI most of the nuclear DNA
      formed a high-molecular-mass band in the 60-110 kbp range. These 60-110 kbp
      fragments, releasable from the rest of nuclei by sulfhydryl molecules, have
      similar sizes to nuclear DNA loops detected by other techniques and may derive
      from supranucleosomal organizational units in the chromatin complex.

PMID- 4054301
TI  - The role of carbohydrates in the radioimmunoassay of human low-molecular-mass
      kininogen.
AB  - The immunoreactivity of human low-molecular-mass kininogen from Cohn plasma
      fraction IV was investigated after deglycosylations and carbohydrate
      modifications by radioimmunoassay using the conformation-specific antiserum.
      Removal of all sialic acids, 44% of amino sugars and 63% of neutral sugars did
      not alter the immunoreactivity of the protein but the periodate-treated
      concanavalin A fractions showed strikingly diminished immunoreactivity. A
      conformational change could account for the observed effect of periodate on the
      decreased reactivity of the protein in radioimmunoassay. Externally added
      carbohydrates had no effect on immunoreactivity. The results suggest that the
      carbohydrate part of kininogen is not involved in the immunoreactivity although
      it accounts for the observed lectin-binding heterogeneity.

PMID- 4054302
TI  - Oestrogen as an inhibitor of human NK cell cytolysis.
AB  - Natural killer (NK) cells are large granular lymphocytes attributed with the
      ability to lyse certain tumour cells. Previous studies on NK cells have
      demonstrated only an in vivo suppression of NK cell activity by 17 beta
      oestradiol. The suppressive action of oestrogen on other peroxidase-containing
      leukocytes by virtue of its redox potential has already been documented. In the
      present study oestrogen suppressed NK cell cytolysis in vitro (determined by the
      release of [51Cr]chromate from radiolabelled cells) in a dose-dependent manner (p
      less than 0.01). Parallel experiments demonstrated a similar reduction in NK cell
      luminol chemiluminescence during activation by K562 tumour cells. Therefore, it
      would appear that there may be an association between NK cell lysis and their
      peroxidase/oxygenase activity.

PMID- 4054303
TI  - Antagonism of 2-5 A-mediated inhibition of protein synthesis in intact cells by
      2',5'-(pA)3.
AB  - In vitro studies have shown that the translational inhibitory activity of 2-5 A
      can be blocked by the oligoribonucleotide 2',5'-(pA)3. We have examined the
      effect of simultaneous introduction of inhibitor and antagonist into intact mouse
      cells using calcium phosphate coprecipitation. Upon introduction of 10(-4) M
      2',5'-(pA)3 and 10(-6) M 2-5 A, inhibition of protein synthesis was prevented.
      Efficiency of calcium phosphate precipitation of 2-5 A in the presence or absence
      of 2',5'-(pA)3 was comparable. Introduction of 2',5'-(pA)3 analogs showed that
      nucleotides which do not bind well to the 2-5 A dependent endonuclease do not
      prevent 2-5 A inhibitory activity. Thus, 2',5'-(pA)3 functions as an antagonist
      of 2-5 A in vivo.

PMID- 4054304
TI  - Interaction of clathrin with liposomes: pH-dependent fusion of phospholipid
      membranes induced by clathrin.
AB  - Clathrin, dissociated from coated vesicles of bovine brain and purified by gel
      chromatography, was found to interact with the lipid bilayer as shown by the
      spontaneous release of encapsulated fluorescent dye in liposome. Clathrin-induced
      dye release was enhanced at acidic pH in phosphatidylserine-containing vesicles.
      A strong correlation between dye release and fusion of liposomes was observed. In
      general, when there was a fast release of encapsulated dye induced by clathrin, a
      pH-dependent, clathrin-induced fusion was observed. Clathrin did not induce
      either dye release or fusion of egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes. The self
      association of clathrin at low pH diminished the fusogenic activity. Fusion
      induced by clathrin at low pH could be stopped at pH above 5.0 and resumed by
      lowering the pH below 5.0. This suggests that the interaction of clathrin with
      phospholipid membranes can be regulated by pH.

PMID- 4054305
TI  - Antibodies to Z DNA stabilized with polyarginine.
AB  - The left-handed form of poly(dG-m5dC).poly(dG-m5dC) induced by heating the
      copolymer in the presence of magnesium and stabilized with polyarginine can be
      used to raise antibodies in rabbits. These antibodies are able to recognize the Z
      conformation of both methylated and nonmethylated forms of the copolymers. In the
      same experimental conditions, hypermethylated B DNA is not recognized by these
      antibodies.

PMID- 4054306
TI  - Identification of a major endogenous substrate for phospholipid/Ca2+-dependent
      kinase in pancreatic acini as Gc (vitamin D-binding protein).
AB  - A major 56 kDa substrate for phospholipid/Ca2+-dependent kinase (C-kinase) in
      pancreatic acinar cells is physicochemically and immunologically
      indistinguishable from the vitamin D-binding protein, Gc or group-specific
      component. Cellular Gc was also phosphorylated in intact cells following
      treatment with carbachol as a physiological stimulus. These findings indicate the
      potential usefulness of Gc as a defined substrate for further studies of the
      biological role of C-kinase activity in pancreatic acini and possibly in other
      cells.

PMID- 4054307
TI  - 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 3-sulphate is a major circulating form of vitamin D in man.
AB  - 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 3 beta-sulphate has been identified in human plasma. The
      compound was isolated by anion-exchange chromatography and following hydrolysis
      it was characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry. The mean concentration of sulphated 25
      hydroxyvitamin D3 in plasma from 60 patients was 16.7 +/- 7.1 ng/ml and the
      levels often exceeded those of the corresponding free compound. The study also
      shows that unconjugated 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is not readily sulphated by man in
      vivo.

PMID- 4054308
TI  - Lymphocyte glutathione status in relation to their Con A proliferative response.
AB  - We studied the intracellular total, oxidized and reduced glutathione levels in
      thymus and spleen rat lymphocytes cultured with or without Con A and 2
      mercaptoethanol (2-ME). After 48 h culture, the total glutathione level decreased
      and the oxidized glutathione level increased in the two types of unstimulated and
      stimulated cells. In the presence of 2-ME, the tritiated thymidine incorporation
      increased in splenocytes but not in thymocytes; on the other hand, the two types
      of stimulated cells increased their total and oxidized glutathione content. The
      enhancement of the GSSG/GSH + GSSG ratio, irrespective of culture conditions,
      indicates a severely disturbed redox state of the cells. 2-ME acts on the
      glutathione synthesis of stimulated lymphocytes but is unable to maintain a
      normal redox state of these cells.

PMID- 4054309
TI  - Channeling of ammonia from glutaminase to carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase in liver
      mitochondria.
AB  - In isolated rat-liver mitochondria the rate of citrulline synthesis from
      glutamine does not respond to changes in the ammonia concentration in the
      extramitochondrial fluid. This suggest that ammonia, produced in the mitochondria
      via glutaminase, is directly channeled to carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase.

PMID- 4054310
TI  - Valosin: isolation and characterization of a novel peptide from porcine
      intestine.
AB  - The isolation and primary structure of a novel gastrointestinal peptide,
      designated valosin, is described. The peptide was purified from porcine upper gut
      extracts using an HPLC and N-terminal sequence screening strategy which depends
      on chromatographic and structural characteristics as isolation criterion. The
      amino acid sequence of this peptide consists of 25 amino acid residues:

PMID- 4054311
TI  - Purification and complete amino acid sequence of canine pancreatic secretory
      trypsin inhibitor.
AB  - Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) was purified from canine pancreatic
      juice by HPLC. Canine PSTI inhibited bovine trypsin activity stoichiometrically
      and strongly with a dissociation constant of below 10(-9) M. The amino acid
      sequence of canine PSTI was determined by conventional methods. It had one more
      amino acid residue at the amino-terminus than other mammalian PSTIs, i.e. human,
      porcine, bovine and ovine.

PMID- 4054312
TI  - Ca2+-independent secretion is dependent on cytoplasmic ATP in human platelets.
AB  - The secretion evoked in human platelets by physiological agonists is an energy
      requiring process that depends on the metabolic ATP pool. Diacylglycerol, phorbol
      ester and collagen evoke a secretory response, which is not associated with an
      increase of cell Ca2+ levels, and is attributed to activation of protein kinase C
      [(1983) Nature 305, 317-319]. The secretion evoked by these agonists decreased
      along with cytoplasmic ATP depletion in the same way that the thrombin-induced
      secretion did. The secretory response was restored by raising again the
      cytoplasmic ATP levels. These results support the idea that the secretory
      response takes place by the physiological ATP-dependent mechanisms rather than by
      membrane perturbations in these instances.

PMID- 4054313
TI  - Equilibrium of conformers in solution: spin-labelled angiotensin.
AB  - The number of structural parameters were determined for spin-labelled angiotensin
      in aqueous solution with the use of fluorescence spectroscopy and 1H NMR
      relaxation induced by the spin label. At the same time all measured parameters
      were estimated theoretically by means of energy calculations and Monte-Carlo
      techniques. The matching procedure for experimental and computational data allows
      one to suggest a dynamic equilibrium between conformers of the molecule in
      aqueous solution and to estimate the values of their weights.

PMID- 4054314
TI  - Lipid domain in cancer cell plasma membrane shown by 1H NMR to be similar to a
      lipoprotein.
AB  - Human blood lipoproteins have been characterised by 1H NMR methods and chemical
      analysis, and comparisons made with the properties of the triglyceride-rich
      plasma membrane domain found in cancer cells. By means of selective and non
      selective T1 experiments, the lipids in HDL and LDL are shown to be in diffusive
      exchange. In contrast, the lipids of chylomicra and VLDL do not exhibit lipid
      diffusion, and therefore resemble the neutral lipids of cancer cell plasma
      membranes. 2D scalar correlated NMR (COSY) spectra of cancer cells or solid
      tumours are similar to those obtained from VLDL and LDL. The long T2 relaxation
      value observed for neutral lipid methylenes in metastatic cancer cells (greater
      than 300 ms) was not observed for any of the 4 lipoproteins studied. None of the
      lipoprotein classes gave a T2 longer than 250 ms.

PMID- 4054316
TI  - Binding of macrophages and phospholipid flip-flop in supported lipid bilayers.
AB  - Subclass-specific antibody-dependent interactions (binding and triggering)
      between macrophages and supported lipid bilayers have been studied. Percentages
      of mouse macrophage binding (J774 cell line) to the lipid bilayers were dependent
      on mouse monoclonal IgG subclasses. The efficiencies were as follows: IgG1 =
      IgG2a greater than IgG2b greater than IgG3. Furthermore, macrophage triggering
      (spreading) was more efficient on IgG2a- or IgG1-coated lipid bilayers than on
      IgG2a, IgG3, or non-specific rabbit IgG. The present experiments show also that
      phospholipid molecules are able to flip-flop from one side of a supported planar
      bilayer membrane to the other with a half-life of 10 h-1 day at 25 degrees C.

PMID- 4054315
TI  - Protein kinase C interferes with Ni-mediated inhibition of human platelet
      adenylate cyclase.
AB  - Addition of phorbol ester-activated, partially purified protein kinase C to
      membranes of human platelets had no effect on forskolin stimulation of the
      adenylate cyclase and increased stimulation by prostaglandin E1 only at high GTP
      concentrations by preventing inhibition by GTP. Hormonal inhibition of the
      platelet adenylate cyclase by epinephrine was eliminated or largely impaired. At
      low GTP concentrations, epinephrine even caused a small increase in cyclase
      activity. The data suggest that activated protein kinase C interferes with GTP-
      and hormone-induced adenylate cyclase inhibition probably by phosphorylating the
      inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory component Ni.

PMID- 4054317
TI  - The endometrial biopsy as a guide to the management of luteal phase defect.
AB  - The endometrial biopsy serves as a useful and valuable tool in the diagnosis and
      treatment of luteal phase defect (LPD). Eighty patients were diagnosed as having
      an LPD by endometrial biopsy. The subjects were divided into four equal groups,
      and different treatment protocols were introduced according to the histologic
      pattern found in the endometrial biopsy specimen. Patients in group I had
      glandular stromal asynchrony and were treated with clomiphene citrate therapy.
      Progesterone suppositories were administered to those patients in group II who
      showed glandular stromal synchrony. Groups III and IV had the same histologic
      pattern as groups I and II, but a reversal of the treatment protocol was made.
      The raw pregnancy rate was 85% and 80% for groups I and II, respectively. Groups
      III and IV had a raw pregnancy rate of 40% and 30%, respectively. Life-table
      analysis projected the pregnancy rate based on the protocol of therapy
      administered. This confirmed our findings and strengthened our belief that the
      endometrial biopsy is an invaluable guide in the treatment of LPD. This article
      addresses two distinct endometrial patterns within the framework of LPD and
      proposes a structured therapeutic regimen to treat this defect.

PMID- 4054318
TI  - Dysfunction of dopaminergic regulation of prolactin in patients with functioning
      and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas and craniopharyngiomas.
AB  - The response to domperidone (a dopamine blocking agent) of serum prolactin (PRL)
      levels was compared in 3 patients with amenorrhea-galactorrhea without evidence
      of a pituitary tumor, 23 patients with prolactinomas (10 cases with histologic
      confirmation), 7 patients with histologically verified large nonfunctioning
      pituitary adenomas with normal or moderately elevated basal PRL levels, and 6
      patients with histologically verified craniopharyngiomas (3 with normal basal PRL
      levels and 3 with elevated PRL levels). The response was compared with that of 10
      patients with postpartum hyperprolactinemia and 14 normal women. Ten milligrams
      of intravenous domperidone induced a rapid rise in PRL that was maximal at 30 to
      45 minutes in normal, postpartum, and amenorrhea-galactorrhea patients who had no
      sign of tumor. In contrast, domperidone failed to induce significant changes in
      PRL in cases of prolactinoma, nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas, and
      craniopharyngioma with or without elevated basal PRL levels. The results suggest
      that dopaminergic control on PRL secretion was impaired in all tumor cases. The
      mechanisms of this abnormal dopaminergic control, however, may be different.
      Whereas dopamine control in cases of prolactinoma is altered at the level of
      pituitary dopamine receptors, alternative explanations must be found for those
      tumors with normal basal PRL levels and lack of response to domperidone.

PMID- 4054319
TI  - Behavioral and emotional factors and treatment responses in a study of
      anovulatory infertile women.
AB  - In a controlled treatment study of 49 anovulatory infertile women, responses to
      clomiphene citrate (CC) and placebo treatments were compared and associations of
      behavioral and emotional factors with treatment responses were investigated. In
      the first treatment series, ovulation occurred in 20 of 24 women in the CC group
      and 8 of 22 women in the placebo group. Pregnancy was achieved by 11 women during
      CC treatment and 3 women during placebo treatment. Overall, 28 women completed
      the protocol and 21 withdrew. Those who achieved pregnancy (n = 14) did not
      differ significantly from the ovulation-only group (n = 22) on pretreatment
      measures of emotional, behavioral, and personality factors including the Hopkins
      Symptom Checklist (HSCL-90), Eysenck Personality Inventory, Langner Screening
      Scale, Mood Analog Scale, Social Adjustment Scale, Mooney Problem Checklist, and
      the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Conclusions were that a
      placebo response was observed in both ovulation and pregnancy, but psychologic
      factors as measured in this sample were not associated with these treatment
      outcomes.

PMID- 4054320
TI  - Interaction between human cervical mucus and sperm surface antibodies.
AB  - The immunobead test was used to study the immunoglobulin class of antibodies on
      sperm before and after penetration through a microcolumn of cervical mucus.
      Sixteen men with positive sperm antibodies (positive sperm immobilization test)
      and sperm that penetrated cervical mucus in prior tests were selected for study.
      However, at the time of study, sperm from seven subjects could not be recovered
      from the microcolumn. The nine subjects from whom motile sperm were obtained
      after passage through the column had better sperm mucus penetration tests, lower
      proportions of sperm binding to anti-IgA immunobeads, and higher proportions of
      sperm with tail-tip-only binding. Sperm recovered after penetration through the
      mucus microcolumn displayed a greatly reduced binding to anti-IgA immunobeads in
      all nine subjects, whereas similar reductions in anti-IgG binding occurred only
      in four subjects. These results confirm that IgA and sperm-head-directed
      antibodies are more important than IgG and sperm tail-tip-directed antibodies in
      impairing sperm penetration of cervical mucus.

PMID- 4054321
TI  - Dopamine is not involved in the opioid control of luteinizing hormone secretion
      in man.
AB  - The aim of this study was to examine the role of the central dopaminergic system
      in the mechanisms by which opioid peptides exert their influence on luteinizing
      hormone (LH) secretion in man. The effects of sulpiride and naloxone on the
      changes in LH secretion induced by a metenkephalin analog (D-Ala2-MePhe4-Met-(o)
      ol-Enkephalin, FK 33824, Sandoz, Basel, Switzerland) (DAMME) and dopamine
      infusion in four castrated men (21 to 25 years of age) were studied. In these
      patients, sulpiride pretreatment counteracted the inhibitory effect of dopamine
      but did not alter the fall of LH plasma levels that DAMME induced. Moreover, in
      these subjects naloxone reduced the inhibitory effects induced by DAMME but did
      not change the inhibitory effect of dopamine on LH secretion. These findings
      confirm that central dopaminergic and opiatergic systems play a role in the
      control of LH secretion; the data also exclude any interaction between these
      systems in regulating LH secretion.

PMID- 4054322
TI  - Sliding spermatozoa: a dyskinesia responsible for human infertility?
AB  - Microcinematographic analysis at 50 frames/second of motile spermatozoa from four
      sterile men, which were permanently unable to penetrate the cervical mucus or
      migrate through it was performed at ambient temperature. In all cases, we found
      the same abnormal pattern of movement, characterized by a very small amplitude of
      the periodic lateral displacement of the head and abnormal displacement of the
      wave along the flagellum. The results assessed the importance of normal sperm
      flagellar dynamics for fertility.

PMID- 4054323
TI  - Ten years of experience with semen cryopreservation by cancer patients: follow-up
      and clinical considerations.
AB  - Antineoplastic damage to the testicular germinal epithelium with accompanying
      infertility or subfertility is now a recognized indication for the use of sperm
      banking. Thus, issues concerning quality of life now compete with questions of
      survival in decisions made in oncologic settings. In an attempt to learn what
      concerns patients who use semen preservation facilities, a 10-year retrospective
      study was undertaken. Registered mail and phone solicitation was used to
      determine follow-up characteristics of self-referred male cancer patients who
      voluntarily banked semen at a private facility before they began cancer
      treatment. The difficulties encountered in conducting follow-up on this group of
      patients raise questions about sperm banking practices by cancer populations.

PMID- 4054324
TI  - Seminal parameters of ejaculates collected from oligospermic and normospermic
      patients via masturbation and at intercourse with the use of a Silastic seminal
      fluid collection device.
AB  - Seminal fluid parameters of ejaculates collected via intercourse with the use of
      a new Silastic seminal fluid collection device (SCD; HDC Corporation, Mountain
      View, CA) and via masturbation were compared. Thirty couples participated in this
      study. All males produced two specimens within 8 days with exactly 4 days of
      sexual abstinence each time. Thirteen patients were classified as oligospermic
      and the remaining 17 as normospermic on the basis of sperm numbers per
      milliliter. Each male patient subjectively rated (scale, 0 to 10) his sexual
      stimulation elicited during production of specimens with the use of the two
      methods. Specimens were evaluated and compared. Significant increases (P less
      than 0.05) were observed in all parameters observed within each group of patients
      when the SCD and masturbation methods were compared. The improvements in sperm
      parameters because of the method of collection were greater (P less than 0.05) in
      the oligospermic group than in the normospermic group of patients. The results
      point out that the SCD, as applied in this study, can assist in the improvement
      of the collected specimens and produce a specimen that closely resembles the
      ejaculate obtained during intercourse. In addition, the SCD, as shown in this
      study, can be of greater assistance to male infertility patients with
      oligospermia and other spermatogenic dysfunctions.

PMID- 4054326
TI  - Cigarette smoking and its possible effects on sperm.
AB  - The possible effects of cigarette smoking on sperm were evaluated by comparison
      of the quality of sperm from 103 smokers and 135 nonsmokers in a blind study.
      Smokers were found to possess significantly (P less than 0.001) decreased density
      (number) and motility of their sperm than nonsmokers. Morphologic abnormalities,
      particularly bicephalia, although prevalent among individual smokers, did not
      differ significantly (P greater than 0.9) when a comparison of smokers versus
      nonsmokers was made as a whole. Based on these observations and those of others
      demonstrating the presence of the mutagenic properties of smoke condensates, we
      suggest that decreases in sperm density and motility in cigarette smokers may be
      reflective of smoke condensate-induced mutagenic spermatogenital alterations.

PMID- 4054325
TI  - Evaluation of human fetal cord sera, Ham's F-10 medium, and in vitro culture
      materials with a mouse in vivo fertilization system.
AB  - A total of 54 human fetal cord sera, 42 lots of Ham's F-10 medium, and 36 lots of
      plastics were tested during a 10-month period with a mouse in vivo fertilization
      system. Two-cell embryos were collected from the oviducts of superovulated and
      mated (C57BL/6 X CBA)F1 mice. After collection, 2-cell embryos were distributed
      among test media and a modified Krebs-Ringer control medium. The test material
      passed quality control standards if a minimum of 80% of the original 2-cell
      embryos reached the blastocyst stage. Of the 54 cord sera examined, 8 (15%) were
      below our standards; 6 (14%) of the Ham's F-10 media and 4 (11%) of the plastics
      failed to pass minimum requirements. In all cases, the failed materials promoted
      slower-growing mouse embryos and increased the number of degenerates. It is our
      opinion that the mouse in vivo fertilization system has a valuable place in any
      in vitro fertilization program.

PMID- 4054327
TI  - Lack of tumor reduction in hyperprolactinemic women with extrasellar
      macroadenomas treated with bromocriptine.
AB  - Three patients with hyperprolactinemia and large extrasellar pituitary
      macroadenomas were treated with bromocriptine, 10 mg daily, for 8 weeks. In spite
      of correction of their amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and hyperprolactinemia,
      radiologic evaluation by CT scan failed to show evidence of tumor shrinkage.
      After surgical resection, histologic examination revealed that PRL-secreting
      cells comprised only a small portion of the tumor cell population in two patients
      and in the third patient were completely absent. These cases illustrate that
      large nonfunctional pituitary tumors may mimic signs and symptoms of a
      prolactinoma and stress the importance of adequate radiologic evaluation during
      medical management.

PMID- 4054328
TI  - The use of voided urine temperature in the determination of basal body
      temperature.
AB  - The temperature of freshly voided urine has been shown to be a reliable predictor
      of body temperature. This relationship was confirmed for the measurement of BBT.
      A method was described for patients to obtain their BBT in a way that they may
      find more convenient than obtaining either oral or rectal temperature. The BBT
      graph patterns generated from the temperature of freshly voided urine closely
      paralleled those generated by oral temperature.

PMID- 4054329
TI  - Familial ciliary dyskinesis: a cause of infertility without respiratory disease.
AB  - Two brothers were found to have primary infertility and nonmotile sperm secondary
      to ultrastructural defects, which included absent central doublets and peripheral
      microtubular translocation. No personal or family history of sinobronchial
      disease was obtained. Although sporadic cases of this type of ciliary dyskinesis
      have been reported, our patients constitute the first known occurrence of
      familial association.

PMID- 4054330
TI  - Nelson's syndrome in pregnancy.
AB  - A patient with Nelson's syndrome whose pregnancy was complicated by symptomatic
      enlargement of an ACTH-producing pituitary tumor was described. Emergency
      ablative surgery was performed with successful outcomes for both mother and
      infant.

PMID- 4054331
TI  - Heterotopic endometrium of the fallopian tube.

PMID- 4054332
TI  - Outcome of pregnancy.

PMID- 4054333
TI  - Dopamine agonists in hyperprolactinemia.

PMID- 4054334
TI  - Bipolar tubal cautery failures.

PMID- 4054335
TI  - Vasectomy failure and open-ended vasectomy.

PMID- 4054336
TI  - A unique case of Sertoli cell only syndrome with normal gonadotropins.

PMID- 4054337
TI  - Chlamydial infection in infertile women.

PMID- 4054338
TI  - Fertility after varicocele ligation.

PMID- 4054339
TI  - Reduction of pain following hysterosalpingogram by prior analgesic
      administration.

PMID- 4054341
TI  - Bioavailability of oral micronized progesterone.
AB  - Progesterone (P) has not been administered orally because of reportedly poor
      bioavailability and a rapid clearance rate. Unfortunately, the synthetic
      derivatives, although orally active, have a number of disadvantages and fail to
      mimic natural P completely. To investigate the bioavailability and short-term
      toxicity of oral micronized P, a standardized dose of 200 mg of micronized P was
      administered to nine healthy postmenopausal women and one male subject. Serial
      determinations of serum P concentrations demonstrated rapid absorption of P. Peak
      concentrations of P rose from a negligible baseline level to 17.0 +/- 4.9 ng/ml
      at an average of 2.8 +/- 0.35 hours after administration. The peak concentrations
      of P were equivalent to those observed in the midluteal phase in normal control
      cycles (14.1 +/- 2.7 ng/ml). All subjects exhibited significant elevation of P
      over baseline levels that persisted for at least 6 hours after the single oral
      dose and returned to initial levels by 24 hours. There was no significant change
      in estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, cortisol,
      aldosterone, lipids, or hepatic enzymes during the 24-hour study interval.

PMID- 4054340
TI  - Hysterectomy performed within 1 year after tubal sterilization.
AB  - In the United States, approximately 650,000 women of reproductive age undergo
      tubal sterilization each year and some of these women later have hysterectomies.
      Little is known about risk factors for having hysterectomy after tubal
      sterilization. For examination of this issue, we analyzed data from the
      Collaborative Review of Sterilization, an ongoing multicenter prospective study
      designed to assess the safety and efficacy of female sterilization operations. In
      1979 and 1980, 4002 women 15 to 44 years of age had interval tubal sterilization;
      of these women, 64 had hysterectomies within 15 months, which yielded a
      cumulative incidence of 1.6%. Women with a history of menstrual complaints,
      leiomyomata, ovarian cysts, or endometriosis before their tubal sterilization had
      an increased risk of hysterectomy, compared with women without such a history.
      However, 98% of women with a history of these conditions did not have a
      hysterectomy within 15 months after tubal sterilization. Further follow-up of
      these women should help to better delineate their long-term risks.

PMID- 4054342
TI  - Cryopreservation of cleaving embryos and expanded blastocysts in the human: a
      comparative study.
AB  - The survival and implantation capacity of cryopreserved cleaving (5-cell to 10
      cell) human embryos and expanded blastocysts was compared. Twice as many cleaving
      embryos were frozen as were expanding blastocysts because of the low
      developmental potential of human embryos in vitro. However, significantly more
      expanded blastocysts survived cryopreservation than cleaving embryos, and
      relatively more pregnancies were established by the replacement of thawed
      blastocysts than by the replacement of thawed cleaving embryos. Cleaving embryos
      from 26 women were thawed; 17 had thawed embryos replaced, and 4 subsequently
      became pregnant. Expanded blastocysts were thawed from 23 other women; 15 had
      thawed blastocysts replaced, and 8 subsequently became pregnant. The pregnancy of
      one patient in each group aborted; both patients were over 40 years of age. It is
      estimated that by maintaining the current policy of replacing three fresh embryos
      and freezing any remaining embryos when they reach blastocyst stage, the total
      incidence of pregnancy would increase by 3%.

PMID- 4054343
TI  - Human embryo features that influence the success of cryopreservation with the use
      of 1,2 propanediol.
AB  - Eighty-five human embryos fertilized in vitro were frozen and thawed with 1,2
      propanediol as a cryoprotective agent. The effects of viability of in vitro
      culture duration, stage, and morphologic appearance of embryos were examined
      after thawing. Survival was higher for 2-day-old embryos than for 3-day-old
      embryos (56% versus 18%) and for 2-, 4-, and 8-cell embryos than for intermediate
      cleavage-stage embryos (67% versus 22%). Among 19 regular-cell-size embryos at
      the 2-, 4-, and 8-cell stage, 15 (79%) kept 50% or more of their initial number
      of blastomeres after thawing and 9 were intact. The average viability of all 2
      day-old frozen-thawed embryos can be estimated at 19%.

PMID- 4054344
TI  - Meiosis-inducing substances in human preovulatory follicular fluid related to
      time of follicle aspiration and to the potential of the oocyte to fertilize and
      cleave in vitro.
AB  - Meiosis-inducing substance (MIS) and steroid and gonadotropic hormones were
      investigated in 41 preovulatory follicular fluids (FFs) aspirated at either 0,
      12, or 36 hours after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration in 25
      women with clomiphene citrate-stimulated cycles. Twenty-one oocytes were
      recovered from these FFs and subjected to in vitro fertilization. MIS activity
      was present in 25 (61%) of the FFs. The frequency of MIS-active FFs increased
      from 11% (1 of 9) at 0 hours and 40% (2 of 5) at 12 hours to 81% (22 of 27) at 36
      hours after hCG administration (P less than 0.001). The concentration of hormones
      in MIS-active FFs was not significantly different from that of MIS-inactive FFs.
      Twelve (86%) of 14 oocytes that fertilized and cleaved in vitro were recovered
      from MIS-active FFs. By contrast, all seven oocytes that remained unfertilized in
      vitro were recovered from MIS-inactive FFs. These findings support the notion
      that resumption of meiosis in the preovulatory oocyte is triggered by MIS in FF
      and suggest that follicular MIS production may be one of the factors that
      determines the success of in vitro fertilization and early embryonic development.

PMID- 4054345
TI  - The relationship between the human sperm hypoosmotic swelling test, routine semen
      analysis, and the human sperm zona-free hamster ovum penetration assay.
AB  - The functional integrity of sperm membranes of 270 semen samples collected from
      fertile men and the male partners in couples with infertile marriages was
      assessed by the hypoosmotic swelling test and the results correlated with routine
      semen analysis and the human sperm zona-free hamster ovum penetration assay.
      Semen samples with abnormal semen parameters had lower values of percentage of
      swollen sperm after hypoosmotic treatment in comparison with those with normal
      semen parameters. A weak positive correlation was observed between sperm swelling
      and sperm morphologic features (r = 0.32, P less than 0.05) and between sperm
      swelling and sperm motility (r = 0.22, P less than 0.05). Insignificant
      correlation was observed between sperm swelling and in vitro sperm fertilizing
      capacity, as assessed by the zona-free hamster ovum penetration assay. The
      results indicate that the sperm swelling test and the zona-free hamster ovum
      penetration assay are evaluating different functional qualities of sperm that are
      apparently not associated with each other.

PMID- 4054346
TI  - Antisperm antibodies in infertile and homosexual men: relationship to serologic
      and clinical findings.
AB  - The incidence and significance of antisperm antibodies in different groups of men
      were evaluated by a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In serum, 4.0% of
      dermatologic patients (n = 223), 9.6% of andrologic patients (n = 178), and 28.6%
      of homosexual men (n = 42) were positive for IgG and/or IgM antibodies. In
      seminal fluids, 7.3% of the andrologic patients had IgA (and IgG) antibodies to
      spermatozoa. Only 1 of 29 positive men had antibodies both in serum and in
      seminal fluid. No correlation between antisperm antibodies and IgG/IgM
      concentrations was found in serum, whereas in seminal plasma men with antisperm
      antibodies showed higher IgG/IgA concentrations than men without (IgA, 3.2 versus
      1.7 mg/dl; IgG, 9.8 versus 6.3 mg/dl). It is concluded that there is a high
      incidence of antisperm antibodies among homosexual men, probably because of
      contact of spermatozoa with the immune system by passive anal intercourse. There
      is little correlation between antisperm antibodies in serum and seminal plasma of
      infertile men because of a lack of relevant antibody transfer from the serum and
      the formation of local antibodies in seminal plasma. Antisperm antibodies in
      seminal fluid are associated with elevated local IgG and IgA concentrations.

PMID- 4054347
TI  - Effect of peritoneal fluid on in vitro cleavage of 2-cell mouse embryos: possible
      role in infertility associated with endometriosis.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of peritoneal fluid (PF) on
      in vitro cleavage of 2-cell mouse embryos. PF was aspirated from the posterior
      cul-de-sac at laparoscopy and centrifuged, and the cell-free supernatant was heat
      inactivated at 56 degrees C for 30 minutes and filtered (0.22 micron). Five
      percent PF in Ham's F-10 media was prepared and eight to ten 2-cell mouse embryos
      cultured for 72 hours. There were two study groups, one consisting of 10 PF
      samples from infertile patients with no endometriosis (PF-NE) and 18 from
      infertile patients with endometriosis (PF-E). Each sample was assayed along with
      a control consisting of media only. At 72 hours, greater than 50% of the embryos
      in the control groups reached the blastocyst and hatching stages. Individual PF
      samples in both study groups were classified as toxic if less than 50% of the
      embryos reached the blastocyst and hatching stages at 72 hours. Eight of the 10
      samples in the PF-NE group were nontoxic and 14 of the 18 samples in the PF-E
      group were toxic (P less than 0.01). For evaluation of the overall effect of PF,
      all results in the PF-E group were pooled (162 embryos) and compared by the Mann
      Whitney U test to pooled results in the PF-NE group (100 embryos). The embryonic
      stages in the PF-NE group were significantly more advanced than those in the PF-E
      group (P less than 0.001) at 24, 48, and 72 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4054348
TI  - Studies on the surgical induction of endometriosis in the rat.
AB  - As a model to examine the pathophysiologic attributes of endometriosis, attempts
      were made to surgically induce the disease in the rat by autotransplanting
      endometrial or uterine tissue to the peritoneum. Rats (n = 46) were randomly
      assigned to one of four surgical techniques: (1) four uterine squares sutured to
      the peritoneal cavity; (2) uterine luminal lavages instilled into the peritoneal
      cavity; (3) endometrial scrapings flushed into the peritoneal cavity; and (4)
      sham-operated controls. Rats were examined at various days after surgery for the
      presence of endometrial implants. The autotransplantation of uterine squares to
      the peritoneal cavity was the only treatment that yielded healthy endometriotic
      implants. These implants grew into ellipsoidal cystic structures that were
      composed of both endometrial glands and stroma and were found to contain
      prostaglandin F (202 ng/mg) at concentrations similar to those measured in
      uterine tissue (205 ng/mg). To examine the effect of surgically induced
      endometriosis upon fecundity, rats (n = 40) were autotransplanted with uterine
      squares or were sham operated and mated. The presence of ectopic endometrial
      tissue reduced the number of pups at term by 48% and the number of day 14 embryos
      by 28% (P less than 0.05). Peritoneal adhesions were greater in rats with induced
      endometriosis than in sham-operated controls (P less than 0.05); however, in rats
      with induced endometriosis, no differences were noted in the severity of
      adhesions between pregnant and nonpregnant rats. Endometriotic implants underwent
      complete regression in the day 14 pregnant rat but had doubled in size in the
      nonpregnant rat. At term, the endometriotic implants were larger than in the day
      14 pregnant rat (P less than 0.05) and similar to their original size. The
      successful growth and development of surgically transplanted endometrial tissue
      in the rat offers a research model that can be used to study those aspects of
      endometriosis that cannot be adequately investigated in women.

PMID- 4054349
TI  - The efficacy of bromocriptine in patients with ovulatory dysfunction and
      normoprolactinemic galactorrhea.
AB  - The response to bromocriptine therapy of 12 infertile women with ovulatory
      dysfunction and euprolactinemic galactorrhea was studied. Four of the subjects
      had anovulation, four had oligo-ovulation, and four had delayed ovulation. Serum
      PRL levels in all 12 subjects were less than 20 ng/ml. Normal ovulation occurred
      at least once in all of the patients on bromocriptine therapy and in 38 of 41
      (92%) of the cycles. Seven patients (58%) conceived promptly with bromocriptine
      therapy, and all subjects had cessation of galactorrhea within 1 month of the
      onset of therapy. The seven pregnancies included five normal term vaginal
      deliveries, one premature vaginal delivery, and one tubal pregnancy. The results
      of this study should be considered preliminary but suggest that the presence of
      euprolactinemic galactorrhea in patients with ovulatory dysfunction may still
      represent a covert disorder of PRL physiologic factors. The prompt correction of
      these ovulation disturbances gives supporting evidence for this hypothesis and
      suggests that a short trial of bromocriptine therapy may be warranted after
      minimal blood sampling. The differential outcome between our group of patients
      produces further evidence that variable mechanisms may be operative.

PMID- 4054350
TI  - The endometrial biopsy for diagnosis of luteal phase deficiency.
AB  - We studied endometrial luteal phase in specimens from 660 biopsies done in 300
      patients from our infertility clinic. A minimum of two (240 women) or three (60
      women) endometrial biopsy specimens from separate cycles were taken regardless of
      the previous histologic findings in all patients. Statistical analysis of results
      by the McNemar and the Cochran Q tests for the significance of changes leads us
      to conclude that a minimum of two, and even three, endometrial biopsy specimens
      are needed for diagnosis of luteal phase deficiency.

PMID- 4054352
TI  - Transvaginal fluoroscopic recanalization of a proximally occluded oviduct.

PMID- 4054351
TI  - Exacerbation of lymphomatoid papulosis during treatment with danazol.
AB  - A patient who experienced exacerbation of a previously diagnosed condition of
      lymphomatoid papulosis during infertility treatment with danazol is reported. The
      condition worsened over the first month of treatment with medication and resolved
      completely upon discontinuation of the medication.

PMID- 4054353
TI  - Detection of the ovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge with a semiquantitative
      urinary LH assay.
AB  - We examined blood concentrations of ovarian steroid hormones (E2, P) and serum LH
      concentrations to establish that the Ovu-STICK assay reliably reflects endocrine
      events in the periovulatory period. In all 16 cycles studied, which included 2
      cycles in which the women received CC, the ovulatory surge of LH was detected
      with the use of the Ovu-STICK assay. In contrast, BBT monitoring correctly
      predicted the ovulatory event in only half the cycles.

PMID- 4054354
TI  - Artificial insemination of single women.

PMID- 4054355
TI  - Evolution of the Revised American Fertility Society Classification of
      Endometriosis.

PMID- 4054356
TI  - Sex ratio and clomiphene treatment.

PMID- 4054357
TI  - [Nature and synaptic mechanisms of inhibition in neurons of the cerebral cortex].

PMID- 4054359
TI  - [Structuro-functional organization of intracortical inhibition].

PMID- 4054358
TI  - [Nonsynaptic inhibition in the superficial neuropile of the cerebral cortex:
      possible role of potassium ions].

PMID- 4054360
TI  - [Structural basis of inhibitory processes in the cerebral cortex].

PMID- 4054361
TI  - [Inhibitory neurons in the structural organization of cortical inhibition].

PMID- 4054362
TI  - [Principal mechanisms of inhibition of the visual cortex].

PMID- 4054363
TI  - [Role of cortical inhibition in the analysis of auditory stimuli].

PMID- 4054364
TI  - [Interaction and dynamics of the excitatory and inhibitory reactions of
      populations of neurons in response to activation of the brain by stimuli of
      different modalities].

PMID- 4054365
TI  - [Neuronal organization of inhibition in columns of the somatic cortex in the
      rat].

PMID- 4054366
TI  - [Inhibitory processes in epileptic foci of the sensomotor cortex of the cat].

PMID- 4054367
TI  - [Effect of penicillin on inhibitory processes in cortical neurons].

PMID- 4054368
TI  - [Interaction between excitation and inhibition in reactions of field 5b neurons
      of the associative cortex of the cat brain to stimulation of relay nuclei of the
      thalamus].

PMID- 4054369
TI  - [Inhibitory effect of extraneous stimuli on the spike activity of motor cortex
      neurons during a conditioned defense reflex in the cat].

PMID- 4054371
TI  - [Changes in the permeability of the sarcolemma to calcium in response to
      immunologic damage to the heart].

PMID- 4054370
TI  - [Effect of artificial mountain climate on respiration and circulation in coal
      miners with chronic dust bronchitis].

PMID- 4054372
TI  - [Activity of leukocyte acid phosphatase during the healing of experimental skin
      wounds].

PMID- 4054373
TI  - [Effect of colchicine on the bioelectrical activity of somatic and visceral
      nerves].

PMID- 4054374
TI  - [Effect of the hypothalamus on the motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract
      after removal of the pituitary].

PMID- 4054375
TI  - [Correlation analysis of multineuronal activity].

PMID- 4054376
TI  - [Multi-purpose carbon electrode].

PMID- 4054377
TI  - [Modification of a complex method of determining parameters of regional
      circulation].

PMID- 4054378
TI  - [Automated determination of cardiac output by the technic of tetrapolar thoracic
      rheography].

PMID- 4054379
TI  - [Calculation of the flow of chyme in the intestine using paired cannulas].

PMID- 4054380
TI  - [Heat sensitivity of the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus during seasonal
      adaptation and acclimation to high environmental temperature].
AB  - The activation threshold of the vascular heat dissipation response to local
      heating of the preoptic hypothalamus was studied with respect to year's seasons
      and in heat acclimation. The seasonal adaptation to high ambient temperature was
      followed by a shift of the thermal neutrality zone and a related change of the
      absolute temperature threshold of the heat dissipation response. The latter was
      triggered throughout the year by a raise of temperature of the medial preoptic
      area from the initial level by 0.92 +/- 0.07 degrees C on the average. This
      finding suggests that the relative heat sensitivity of the anterior hypothalamus
      does not change in adaptation to high ambient temperature.

PMID- 4054381
TI  - [Elements of the meta-language of neuronal groups (theoretical aspect)].

PMID- 4054382
TI  - [Mechanisms of early light and dark adaptation].
AB  - A possible role of transient and sustained mechanisms of vision in early light
      and dark adaptation was studied using the adaptive fields with different rates of
      luminance changes. The curve forms of early light and dark adaptation and time
      integration at different rates of switching on and off the adaptive field were
      studied as well as the changes of contrast sensitivity related to rates of
      background luminance changes. The data obtained confirm participation of
      transient and sustained mechanisms of vision in early light and dark adaptation.
      The contribution of each mechanism depends on the rate and direction of the
      luminance changes.

PMID- 4054383
TI  - [Purely phasic neurons of the medial geniculate body--markers of changes in the
      signal].
AB  - The majority of neurons in the medial geniculate body responded with short bursts
      of activity to increments of the noise signal, and some of them--to decrements of
      the signal as well. Responses to changes in the signal envelope were only
      observed in narrow intensity range different for different neurons. The data
      suggest that division of neurons into groups acting within local dynamic ranges
      related to the cochlear nerve level, remains on the medial geniculate body level
      so as the ability of the organism to detect small changes in the signal envelope
      is maintained by the convergence of information from local detectors.

PMID- 4054384
TI  - [Cervical and oculomotor reflexes induced by electrical stimulation of the
      semicircular canals of the pigeon].
AB  - The ampullae of horizontal, anterior and posterior canals of the alert pigeon
      were stimulated with short electrical pulses. The double pulses evoke
      synchronized biphasic short-latency disynaptic responses in neck muscles, their
      amplitudes depending on interpulse delay. Facilitation occurred between 80-100
      mcsec and 3-4 msec. The amplitudes of contralateral responses were higher. The
      short-latency responses are under control of the otolithic input. The angular
      acceleration or short pulse trains evoke eye movements in the plane of the
      stimulated canal, as well as their neck correlates the polysynaptic responses
      that form the nystagmic rhythm. Changing of the stimuli parameters induce di- and
      polysynaptic neck responses as different components of the reaction. The eye
      nystagmus evoked with electrical stimulation of ampullae in the wide frequency
      band of stimulation, depended on stimuli parameters. The data obtained are
      discussed using concept of central vestibulo-oculomotor integrator.

PMID- 4054385
TI  - [Changes in the level of serotonin in the brain and immunocompetent organs during
      the formation of the immune response].
AB  - The serotonin content increased in adrenals within 20 min after immunization of
      rats with sheep red blood cells, and diminished in ventral part of the anterior
      hypothalamus, hippocampus and in thymus. The number of antigen--responsive cells
      was increased twofold in bone marrow after the 1000-fold increase of the antigen
      dose. On the 4-5th days, the dependence of antibody-forming cells and rosette
      forming cells number on the antigen dose was still observed in the spleen. The
      correlation between the serotonin level in the above brain structures and
      immunocompetent organs and the intensity of immune responses is discussed.

PMID- 4054386
TI  - [Reactions of hypothalamic neurons to stimulation of the pelvic and sciatic
      nerves].
AB  - Unit activity of posterior, tuberal and anterior parts of the hypothalamus was
      studied during stimulation of the pelvic nerve in anesthetized and immobilized
      cats. Comparative analysis showed that neurons of the posterior hypothalamus were
      more responsive (89.6%) and had a shorter mean latency (33.3 +/- 2.4 msec) than
      neurons of more rostral parts of the hypothalamus. The focus of maximal pelvic
      induced unit activity seems to be located in the posterior hypothalamus. The unit
      responses of the posterior hypothalamus evoked by pelvic nerve stimulation had
      long recovery cycles and were suppressed at low frequencies of stimulation. These
      findings suggest a polysynaptic organization of pelvic afferent projection in the
      hypothalamus. A high degree of convergence of the visceral and somatic afferent
      signals onto single neurons was found during stimulation of pelvic and sciatic
      nerves. The functional role of neurons of integrative types is discussed.

PMID- 4054387
TI  - [Multineuronal activity of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus during
      activation and inhibition of the adrenocortical system].
AB  - Multiunit activity of paraventricular nucleus and fornix was studied during
      activation and inhibition of the pituitary--adrenocortical system in chronic
      experiments on rabbits. Immobilization causing blood corticosteroid levels to
      rise was followed by the excitation of the neurons in paraventricular nucleus and
      by inhibition in the fornix. Administration of cortisol (100 micrograms/kg before
      the immobilization) causing inhibition of pituitary--adrenocortical system was
      followed by the inhibition of neurons in paraventricular nucleus and fornix. The
      activation of the paraventricular nucleus seems to be responsible for the
      activation of the pituitary--adrenocortical system whereas its inhibition induced
      the inhibition of this system.

PMID- 4054388
TI  - [Role of the paraventricular and ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus in
      activating the hypophyseal-adrenocortical system].
AB  - Immobilization of rabbits resulted in the activation of the pituitary
      adrenocortical system. 3--7 weeks after lesion of paraventricular and
      ventromedial nuclei corticosteroid response to immobilization was inhibited. The
      rise of plasma corticosteroid level elicited by immobilization after
      paraventricular nucleus lesion was much smaller than after ventromedial nucleus
      lesion. The plasma corticosteroid response to stress in the group with
      paraventricular nucleus lesion plus ventromedial nucleus lesion was not lower
      than after lesion of paraventricular nucleus alone.

PMID- 4054389
TI  - [Effect of high spatial frequencies on processes of visual recognition].
AB  - Optical filtration of the spatial-frequency range high-frequency component of
      numerical images affected the probability of their recognition and amplitude-
      temporal features of the visual EPs in occipital leads O1 and O2. Blurring of the
      images entailed a decrease of the recognition probability as well as of the late
      phases amplitudes of the EPs (N1 and P2). When the extreme spatial frequency of
      the image increases, the spike latencies of the N1 increase as well whereas those
      of the P2 decrease. The N1 wave seems to reflect activation of selectively set
      narrow--band spatial--frequency filters of the visual sensory system, while P2
      wave reflects processes of decision-making in recognition and depends on the
      amount of images features subjected to analysis.

PMID- 4054390
TI  - [Neuronal reactions of the hippocampus of the frog in response to visual
      stimulation].
AB  - Histological and electrophysiological studies of the frog primordial hippocampus
      described coordinates of the hippocampus within the telencephalon. Receptive
      fields of hippocampal neurons were compared with those of other neurons within
      the visual system. Neurons with excitatory on-off responses and tonic type of
      responses were shown to prevail. The majority of the primordial hippocampus
      neurons turned out to be liable to "habituation", i.e. to be the "novelty
      neurons".

PMID- 4054391
TI  - [Changes in the redox systems of preterminals and the partition plateau of the
      bush receptor in different functional states].
AB  - Effects of mechanical stimulation and high concentration of sodium chloride on
      recuperative equivalents of preterminals and partition plateau of the frog
      bladder bush-receptors, were studied. Changes of levels of different parts of the
      interoceptor were shown to be similar and to consist of the phases as follows:
      initial increase of the level followed by its decrease and the rerminal increase
      of the recuperative equivalents level. Specifics of the pattern in these parts of
      the receptor involves different obviousness of phases and their duration. This
      specifics seems to be associated with different roles played by different parts
      of the receptor in generation of the bioelectrical activity.

PMID- 4054392
TI  - [Relation between the contractile activity of the heart and coronary circulation
      in different functional states of the myocardium].
AB  - The character of interrelationship among changes of the myocardium function, its
      need in blood supply and the coronary blood flow was studied in the dog isolated
      heart on graded increases of the left ventricle load. High perfusion pressure
      (PP)--13.3 kPa--made possible an adequate perfusion of the myocardium in one
      series of the experiments; in the second series, coronary dilatory capacity was
      greatly limited (PP=7.9 kPa), and in the third series coronary blood flow was
      significantly reduced (PP=6.0 +/- 0.25 kPa). Straight linear interrelationship
      only existed within the physiological range of the myocardium function and was
      combined with efficient left ventricle performance and adequacy of its blood
      supply. Overloading of the left ventricle as well as limiting of coronary
      dilatory capacity or coronary blood flow distorted the interrelationship, and
      myocardial need in blood supply greatly exceeded the actual coronary blood flow.

PMID- 4054393
TI  - [Comparative analysis of the action of 2 calmodulin inhibitors on the contractile
      function of the isolated heart].
AB  - Ca2+-complexon EGTA and two calmodulin inhibitors: metaphenazine and
      trifluoperazine, induced similar effects on the cardiac contractile function:
      they diminished cardiac output, decelerated left ventricle pressure fall and
      increased both minimal--and end-diastolic pressure. Changes in the left
      ventricular pressure and its time course were more obvious during calmodulin
      inhibitor action as compared to EGTA at equal diminution of cardiac output.
      Trifluoperazine decreased left ventricular systolic pressure and resistance of
      coronary arteries to a greater extent than metaphenazine. The findings suggest
      participation of calmodulin in the regulation of myocardial relaxation mainly.

PMID- 4054394
TI  - [Genesis of biorhythms of the cardiointervalogram in its evolutionary aspect].
AB  - Statistical characteristics and latent biorhythms of the frog, rabbit and human
      cardiointervalograms were studied in the volutionary aspect with the aid of ACBT
      M 6000 computer. Some mechanisms of temporary organization of the heart rhythm
      were revealed with regard to the level of organization of biological objects.
      Evolutionary aspects of analysis of the heart biorhythms provide an approach to
      their genesis.

PMID- 4054395
TI  - [Role of compression of the vessels of the gastrocnemius muscle in changes in its
      blood supply during stretching].
AB  - In the m. gastrocnemius of anesthetized cats, the pressure of tissue resistance
      balancing was 5 mm Hg initially and developed a 7-fold increase in longitudinal
      stretch of the muscle by 10-20% when the total mechanical tension increased 20
      fold (from 2400 to 47 662 H/m2) and the blood flow reduced from 5.0 to 3.0 ml .
      min-1 (100 r)-1. Decrease of the blood flow in stretching and the postelongation
      hyperemia could not be reproduced in external compression of the muscle equal to
      the balancing pressure at a given stretching. Only the external pressure 50 and
      100 mm Hg decelerated the blood flow and developed a hyperemia even though a
      lesser one than the postelongation hyperemia. The effect of longitudinal muscle
      stretch on its vessels is not limited by their compression with the
      "intramuscular pressure".

PMID- 4054396
TI  - [Topography and hydrodynamic heterogeneity in the terminal bed of the vessels of
      the gastrocnemius muscle of the cat].
AB  - The cine-TV technique acided to reconstruct the in vivo pattern of the vascular
      bed surface in the m. gastrocnemius of anesthetized cats. Existence of
      microvascular elements (modules) was confirmed as regularly repeated every 400
      500 mus along the muscular fibers. A module includes transversal (oblique)
      precapillary arteriole and postcapillary venule interconnected with 3-12 parallel
      capillaries. Mean blood velocity in the capillaries was initially 0.73 +/- 0.12
      mm/sec and during postelongation hyperemia it was 0.91 +/- 0.13 mm/sec, the
      velocity being slower in distal capillaries. This diversity was reduced in
      postelongation hyperemia. Mathematical modelling of blood flow distribution over
      different types of modules showed the blood flow velocity in the capillaries to
      depend on the ratio: total resistance of incoming and outgoing vessels against
      the resistance of the capillary part. Along with diminishing of the ratio, the
      diversity of perfusion must also diminish which has been corroborated in the
      course of experiments.

PMID- 4054397
TI  - [Relation between lymph flow and pressure in the interstitium and the degree of
      hydration of the lungs].
AB  - In 25 isolated canine lungs perfused through the pulmonary or bronchial vessels,
      lung lymph flow and interstitial pressure of the alveolar and peribronchium
      interstitium were studied. Lung lymph flow in both kinds of perfusion is the
      function of interstitial pressure which supports the convectional theory of lymph
      genesis in the lung. The data obtained reveal considerable distinctions between
      alveolar and peribronchial interstitial spaces fluid pressure-volume
      characteristics which determine qualitative features of lymph transport.

PMID- 4054398
TI  - [Role of irritant receptors in shortening expiration during collapse of the
      lungs].
AB  - In 24 vagotomized cats, firing rate of 44 irritant receptors was studied in lung
      collapse under conditions of pneumothorax or sucking off of air. The firing rate
      increased in 26 receptors in the latter condition. In pneumothorax the firing
      rate increased 1.5-2.7-fold as compared with sucking off of air. Discharges of
      the lung stretch receptors are practically similar in both conditions but the
      expiration increases more in pneumothorax due to a more intense activation of the
      irritant receptors. The data obtained suggest a major significance of the
      irritant receptors for expiration shortening in conditions of lung collapse.

PMID- 4054399
TI  - [Neurochemical mechanisms of artifical hypobiosis and chemical thermoregulation].
AB  - Artificial hypobiosis in rats and rabbits was modelled using ornid which caused
      the blockade of neurotransmitter release from adrenergic neurons. The data
      obtained corroborated the hypothesis of the mechanisms of chemical
      thermoregulation as well as new ways of controlling these processes up to their
      complete blockade by means of decreasing adrenergic effects in the organism. Warm
      blooded animals were transferred into poikilothermic state and then into
      hypobiosis under any given body temperature. At 18-20 degrees C, metabolism may
      be decreased to 1/10 of standard values and the state of hypobiosis may be
      maintained for a prolonged period remaining eversible without application of any
      drugs activating or blocking physiological functions.

PMID- 4054400
TI  - [Features of thermogenesis in newborn rats].
AB  - The millicalorimetry technique with simultaneous recording of the EMG and of the
      rectal and brown fat tissue temperatures revealed the energy contributions of
      motor activity and of brown fat to total heat production in newborn rats of 3-4
      and 8-9-day age. In absence of motor activity no increase of heat production
      occurs. In 3-4-day old rats, the heat production per unit of motor activity in
      greater than in 8-9-day old rats. Nevertheless, as the result of more intense
      movements, the 8-9-day old rats handle better a moderate cold stress: their
      rectal temperature proved higher by 1.3 degrees than in the 3-4-day old rats.

PMID- 4054401
TI  - [Effect of histamine on motor and vascular effects on the small intestine induced
      by acetylcholine].
AB  - In acute experiments on cats, an isolated portion of the small intestine was
      perfused with a constant blood flow pump. Contractile activity of the intestine
      was estimated by means of isometric tension. Arterial vessel reactions were
      reflected in perfusion pressure shifts. Responses of the venous section of the
      perfused vascular bed were recorded by means of accumulography technique. The
      subthreshold dose of histamine (10(-9) or 10(-7) g/ml, 0.8 ml/min) potentiated
      the contractile responses of the jejunum induced with i. a. administration of
      acetylcholine (0.1 X 10(-4) g). Blockade of nicotinic receptors with
      benzohexonium and H1-histamine receptors with suprastin did not affect the
      potentiating effect of histamine. Dilatatory responses of arterial vessels
      induced by acetylcholine could be either increased or decreased against the
      background of histamine. The drug did not modulate responses of the intestinal
      venous vessels however. The modulating effect of histamine on the acetylcholine
      induced contractile responses of the jejunum seems to be actualized through the
      participation of H2-histamine receptors.

PMID- 4054402
TI  - [Distribution of blood flow in the somatosensory region of the cortex of the
      rabbit during stimulation of its vibrissae].

PMID- 4054403
TI  - [Immobilization of the eyes in neurophysiologic studies of the visual system of
      the cat].

PMID- 4054404
TI  - [Cerebral blood flow in small laboratory animals].

PMID- 4054405
TI  - [The effects of metoclopramide and dopamine on aldosterone secretion in cultured
      adrenocortical adenoma cells and adjacent non-adenoma cells from patients with
      primary aldosteronism].
AB  - Several authors have reported that metoclopramide (MCP), a dopaminergic
      antagonist, stimulates aldosterone secretion and that dopamine (DA) inhibits the
      MCP-mediated aldosterone secretion in man. However, many controversial results
      have been reported relating to the direct effect of MCP and DA on the secretion
      of aldosterone by adrenocortical cells in in vitro experiments. The present
      studies were designed to determine whether or not MCP and DA exerts its effect
      directly on the cultured human adrenocortical adenoma cells and adjacent non
      adenoma cells obtained from patients with primary aldosteronism. A bolus
      intravenous injection of 10 mg MCP significantly increased the plasma aldosterone
      concentration (PAC) from 255 +/- 57 pg/ml (mean +/- SD) to 386 +/- 98 pg/ml after
      15 min in patients with primary aldosteronism. But MCP (10(10)-10(-6) M) failed
      to increase aldosterone secretion from both adenoma cells and non-adenoma cells
      in culture. DA (10(-9) and 10(-6) M) did not suppress the basal secretion and the
      enhanced secretion of aldosterone by A II or ACTH in cells of either culture. The
      analysis by HPLC showed that 57% of dopamine hydrochloride added in the medium
      was preserved after 60 min incubation. These results suggest that MCP and DA do
      not act directly on the human adrenal glomerulosa cells in the regulation of
      aldosterone secretion.

PMID- 4054406
TI  - [A combined radioimmunoassay method for the determination of 17 alpha
      hydroxypregnenolone, 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone sulfate and 17 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone in human blood].
AB  - It is well recognized that in the fetal adrenal cortex, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) activity is lower and in fetal tissues, steroid
      sulfokinase (SK) is higher than in the adult. In order to clarify a part of the
      development processes of the adrenal cortex or steroidgenesis in humans, a
      combined radioimmunoassay (RIA) method to estimate serum 17 alpha
      hydroxypregnenolone (17-OH-delta 5 P), 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone sulfate (17
      OH-delta 5 P-S) and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OH-delta 4P) was devised.
      The method consisted of the following procedures: 1) diethyl ether extraction and
      chromatographic separation of unconjugated steroids (17-OH-delta 5P and 17-OH
      delta 4P), 2) enzymatic hydrolysis of 17-OH-delta 5P-S using the residue of
      diethyl ether extraction for a material, 3) diethyl ether extraction and
      chromatographic purification of hydrolyzed 17-OH-delta 5P-S, and 4) RIAs for 17
      OH-delta 5-P to estimate 17-OH-delta 5P and 17-OH-delta 5P-S concentration, and
      for 17-OH-delta 4P. Extracted 17-OH-delta 5P was well separated from 17-OH-delta
      4P by Sephadex LH-20 microcolumn chromatography, using a benzene/methanol = 95/5
      (v/v) solvent as a mobile phase. Several procedures for hydrolysis or solvolysis
      of 17-OH-delta 5P-S were compared using available tritiated delta 5-3 beta
      hydroxysteroids including dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), DHA sulfate (DHA-S) and
      17-OH-delta 5P, and it was found that the most suitable method was an enzymatic
      hydrolysis by arylsulfatase from Helix Pomatia in an appropriate condition in
      which the percent hydrolysis was 92.9 +/- 1.2 (mean +/- SEM)%. The final percent
      recoveries were 88.7 +/- 1.2% in 17-OH-delta 4P, 90.7 +/- 1.4% in 17-OH-delta 5P
      and 78.1 +/- 2.1% in 17-OH-delta 5P-S, respectively. A suitable antiserum and its
      final dilution titer for RIA of 17-OH-delta 5P (hydrolyzed 17-OH-delta 5P-S also)
      was 1:12,000 dilution of anti-17-OH-delta 5P-3-succinate-BSA serum. An anti-7-oxo
      17-OH-delta 5P-7-carboxymethyloxime-BSA serum was considered to be unsuitable for
      the measurement of hydrolyzed 17-OH-delta 5-P-S, presumably because of a
      significant cross-reactivity with a large amount of unknown steroid sulfates
      simultaneously hydrolyzed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4054407
TI  - Cardiac surgery in Delaware.

PMID- 4054409
TI  - [1st Berlin Symposium: experimental dermatology. 28-29 March 1985, Berlin.
      Abstracts].

PMID- 4054408
TI  - Insomnia: diagnosis and management.

PMID- 4054410
TI  - Placenta previa--the identification of low- and high-risk subgroups.
AB  - Among a group of 155 women with placenta previa (PP), two subgroups were
      identified: subgroup A consisted of 56 pregnancies (56 newborns) in women who had
      an asymptomatic antenatal course and who were delivered following a single
      episode of uterine bleeding; subgroup B consisted of 99 pregnancies (103
      newborns) in women who had multiple antepartum bleeding episodes. The women in
      subgroup B were older, more parous, had more abortions and caesarean sections
      compared to those in subgroup A. Although the distribution of women in both
      subgroups with respect to the types of PP was similar, the prognosis in subgroup
      A was better with respect to various maternal and perinatal aspects. The
      recognition of low- and high-risk subgroups among women with PP may have
      practical implications for management protocols.

PMID- 4054411
TI  - Is maternal whole blood viscosity a factor in fetal growth?
AB  - Many authors have correlated changes in maternal hemodynamics during pregnancy
      with fetal growth. Sufficient plasma volume expansion in pregnancy seems
      mandatory for an optimal reproductive result. A correlation between rheological
      characteristics (low-shear whole blood viscosity and yield shear stress) and
      birthweight centiles was found in 26 third-trimester pregnancies. The level of
      statistical significance (P less than 0.05) was reached in nulliparous
      pregnancies but not in parous pregnancies. Measurements of whole blood viscosity
      at low shear rate and yield shear stress seem to provide information on the
      efficacy of placental perfusion. There have been reports in the literature to
      support the assumption of the prevalence of low-shear circumstances in the
      intervillous space. The hypothesis is put forward that, during pregnancy, the
      changes in maternal hemodynamics influence fetal growth by their impact on the
      flow through the placenta.

PMID- 4054412
TI  - Maternal serum folacin levels during and after normal pregnancy.
AB  - Maternal serum folacin levels decrease during pregnancy. This decrease could not
      be explained by hemodilution. Postpartum levels did not increase significantly
      compared to values measured at partum. In a healthy Dutch pregnant population
      receiving no vitamin supplementation the folacin status is at risk and after
      pregnancy it takes considerable time to refill folacin stores.

PMID- 4054413
TI  - Interruption of early pregnancy by an anti-progestational compound, RU 486.
AB  - RU 38-486 (17 beta-hydroxy-11 beta-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-17 alpha-(1
      propynyl)estra-4,9-dien-3-one), an antiprogestational compound, was given to 33
      women seeking termination of pregnancy. The patients were divided into two
      groups, 24 patients in group I with amenorrhoea up to 7 6/7 wk = 55 days, and 9
      patients in group II with 8-10 wk amenorrhoea. The patients received 200 mg
      orally per day for 4 days. The start, duration and amount of bleeding were
      determined for 14 days. beta-HCG, plasma progesterone, estradiol and cortisol
      were determined at day 0 and day 7. All patients started to bleed during
      treatment. The frequency of complete abortion was 79% (19 out of 24 patients) in
      group I. In group II 33% (3 out of 9 patients) had a complete abortion. Most of
      the patients experienced only minor side-effects in terms of mild uterine pain
      and bleeding as in a spontaneous abortion. However, 2 patients in group II with 8
      and 9 2/7 wk amenorrhoea suffered from heavy bleeding, requiring blood
      transfusion and curettage. In the patients with complete abortion, beta-HCG,
      estradiol and progesterone decreased significantly within 1 week. Cortisol
      concentrations remained within the normal range at day 0 and day 7. Treatment
      with RU 486 provides an acceptable method of early abortion, especially in women
      who refuse operative treatment and prefer a 'spontaneous abortion'. In 22 women
      RU 486 was administered from day 24 to day 27 of the menstrual cycle as a late
      'morning-after pill' in the same dosage. All women except one started to bleed
      before day 28 and observed a normal menstrual period. One woman stayed
      amenorrhoeic for 2 months; she was not pregnant but apparently had an anovulatory
      cycle with a low progesterone level.

PMID- 4054414
TI  - Malakoplakia of the endometrium: a rare cause of postmenopausal bleeding.
AB  - A rare cause of postmenopausal bleeding in a 72-yr-old woman due to malakoplakia
      of endometrium is described. The light and electron microscopic features are
      described and it is postulated that malakoplakia is due to an abnormal macrophage
      response to Escherichia coli infection.

PMID- 4054415
TI  - Intra-uterine tachycardia associated with multicystic encephalomalacia (MCE).
AB  - Multiple cystic brain lesions in neonates have been described as a result of a
      variety of causes. All events described thus far in association with multicystic
      encephalomalacia (MCE) seem to point to hypoxic-ischaemic injury as the common
      factor for this particular form of central nervous system damage. We describe a
      neonate in whom repeated, prolonged episodes of intrauterine tachycardia had been
      documented. Congestive heart failure and fetal hydrops were present at birth and
      MCE at the age of 13 wk. The obvious relationship between this child's
      intrauterine tachycardia and his MCE points to the fact that any fetus with
      prolonged tachycardia should be considered at risk of severe brain damage.

PMID- 4054416
TI  - Smoking and its effect on maternal plasma volume during and after normal
      pregnancy.
AB  - Smoking during pregnancy decreases birthweight significantly. The mechanisms
      causing this decrease have not yet been clarified. Plasma volume (expansion) is
      positively related to birthweight. There are indications that plasma volume
      expansion in pregnancy is lower among smokers. A group of healthy women (n = 70)
      producing healthy mature babies after an uncomplicated pregnancy was studied. No
      difference in plasma volume was observed between non-smokers and smokers during
      and after pregnancy. It is unlikely that the growth-depressing effect of smoking
      during pregnancy is mediated by an influence on plasma volume expansion.

PMID- 4054417
TI  - The effect of maternal hyperoxia on breathing movements, body movements and rest
      activity cycles of low-risk human fetuses.
AB  - The effects of maternal hyperoxia on fetal breathing and body movements, and on
      fetal activity state as reflected in the fetal heart rate pattern, were studied
      in 20 healthy gravida. Fetal breathing and trunk movements were observed by means
      of real-time ultrasound scanning, and the fetal heart rate was recorded
      continuously before, during and after 30 min of maternal oxygen inhalation by
      mask. Maternal transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2) was measured in 9 subjects.
      The protocol was also carried out in ten of the gravidas with substitution of
      compressed air for oxygen. Maternal TcPO2 nearly doubled during oxygen breathing
      in the subjects in whom this was measured. There were no significant changes in
      the incidence of fetal breathing or trunk movements, or in the distribution of
      heart rate patterns, during maternal oxygen breathing. Also, no differences were
      observed in these variables between the oxygen and compressed-air experiments. We
      conclude that the normal level of fetal oxygenation does not limit fetal activity
      in uncomplicated pregnancies.

PMID- 4054418
TI  - Hemangiopericytoma of the uterus vs. hemangiopericytoma-like endometrial stromal
      sarcoma: a histopathological approach to differential diagnosis.
AB  - A case of uterine hemangiopericytoma is reported and compared to a case of
      endometrial stromal sarcoma of low-grade malignancy (also termed endolymphatic
      stromal myosis). Their clinical features are quite similar, whereas their
      morphological appearances are fairly unalike. The actual existence of the uterine
      hemangiopericytoma is emphasized, although the very nature of this tumour is
      still disputed by some authors. Light-microscopy findings supplemented by special
      stains allow a definite diagnosis even without ultrastructural study.
      Histological criteria for differentiating hemangiopericytoma of the uterus from
      uterine mesenchymal neoplasms with a pericytomatous-like pattern are discussed.

PMID- 4054419
TI  - A solid virilizing granulosa cell tumour.
AB  - Clinical signs of virilization in patients with granulosa cell tumours are
      reported in approx. 2% of the cases, but hormonal investigation has been rarely
      performed. We present the clinical, histological and hormonal data obtained in a
      premenopausal, amenorrhoeic woman, with a testosterone-producing granulosa cell
      tumour. Based on the peripheral-ovarian hormone gradients, the biosynthetic
      pathway of steroidogenesis in this case is discussed.

PMID- 4054420
TI  - Placental teratoma or acardius amorphus with amniotic band syndrome.
AB  - The differential diagnosis between placental teratoma and fetus acardius may be
      difficult. Both are rare conditions and show a variable degree of organisation.
      Important diagnostic features are the presence or absence of an umbilical cord
      and craniocaudal development. The presence of an umbilical cord and obvious
      craniocaudal development is highly indicative of fetus acardius. A fetus acardius
      is a malformed member of a monochorial twin. An acardius is probably caused by
      overpowering of the heart of the fetus acardius by that of the normal sibling or
      primary agenesis of the heart. Our case illustrates the difficulties in making
      the right diagnosis. Careful analysis showed that most probably amniotic rupture
      followed by formation of amniotic bands had resulted in the development of a
      fetus acardius.

PMID- 4054421
TI  - Regulation of microtubule assembly.

PMID- 4054422
TI  - Inhibition by ethanol of cardiac protein synthesis in the rat.
AB  - Protein synthesis and degradation were measured in the hearts of rats fed on
      diets containing 27% of calories as ethanol. Feeding of ethanol decreased the
      rate of synthesis of mixed cardiac proteins but was without effect on the rate of
      breakdown of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins. Concentrations of RNA in the
      hearts were not altered by ethanol feeding, indicating a decrease in RNA activity
      for protein synthesis.

PMID- 4054424
TI  - Modification of the kinetic parameters of chicken liver cytoplasmic aspartate
      aminotransferase by lactate dehydrogenase.
AB  - A method for the purification of chicken liver soluble aspartate
      aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase free, is proposed. The preparation, which
      contained a mixture of the five molecular forms of the enzyme, showed a 120-fold
      increase in specific activity, with respect to the initial homogenates.
      Differences in Km(2-oxoglutarate) and saturating concentrations among solutions
      of purified enzyme and soluble fraction were due to the 2-oxoglutarate reductase
      activity of lactate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 4054423
TI  - Reduction of extracellular potassium ferricyanide by transmembrane NADH:
      (acceptor) oxidoreductase of human erythrocytes.
AB  - Reduction of extracellular ferricyanide by intact erythrocytes proceeds by a
      membrane bound, NADH-dependent reaction. It is depressed by a glycolysis
      inhibitor and a non penetrable sulfhydryl reagent, and activated by
      dehydroascorbate. Dehydroascorbate activation cannot be accounted for by release
      of reducing equivalents from the cells. It is concluded that the observed
      reaction is brought about by transmembrane NADH-acceptor oxidoreductase with
      donor binding at the inner and acceptor binding at the outer cell surface.

PMID- 4054425
TI  - Development of lipidic composition of neonatal chick liver and intestine
      microsomes: changes induced by cholesterol feeding.
AB  - Changes in cholesterol and phospholipid content of chick liver and intestine
      microsomes were studied throughout the two first weeks of life. Differences
      observed throughout postnatal development were mainly due to the free
      cholesterol. Cholesterol feeding resulted in a clear increase of the amounts of
      both free and esterified cholesterol. Phospholipid content of chick liver and
      intestine microsomes did not change significantly after hatching.
      Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were found to be the major
      phospholipids. Although the amount of each phospholipid could be affected by
      cholesterol feeding, its relative percentage did not change by this treatment.

PMID- 4054426
TI  - Kinetic studies of ox-liver glutamate dehydrogenase oxidative deamination of two
      glutamate analogues, L-threo-gamma-methylglutamate and L-alpha-amino-gamma
      nitraminobutyrate, in the presence of the allosteric effector ADP.
AB  - Ox-liver glutamate dehydrogenase is known to utilise a wide range of amino acid
      substrates. Kinetic studies are presented here for L-threo-gamma-methylglutamate
      and L-alpha-amino-gamma-nitraminobutyrate in the presence of the allosteric
      effector ADP. The results presented are considered in the light of similar
      studies presented elsewhere in which the cofactor was systematically replaced by
      a variety of analogues. These amino acid analogues share the same pH optimum as
      glutamate, unlike the monocarboxylic amino acids including alanine and norvaline,
      and give linear double-reciprocal plots under the conditions used here. Studies
      with the alternative coenzymes have suggested an ordered addition of glutamate
      before coenzyme in the presence of ADP. The present results obtained under
      identical conditions support this conclusion.

PMID- 4054427
TI  - Predicting severity of liver disease: twelve laboratory tests evaluated by
      multiple regression.
AB  - To determine the predictive value of laboratory procedures for severity of liver
      disease, twelve laboratory tests were evaluated in seventy-two patients with
      various liver disease and in nine non-liver disease hospitalized cases. A
      numerical score based on the number and extent of abnormal findings was developed
      for grading clinical and histological severity. Multiple linear regression,
      utilizing a forward stepwise selection procedure, was used to find the best
      combination of laboratory tests for prediction of disease severity. The best
      predictive model for both clinical and histological severity was found for
      lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), total plasma cholesterol, alkaline
      phosphatase and bile acids. Of the routine tests prothrombin time and
      albumin/globulin were useful if the four-test combination listed above was not
      used. There was a significant correlation (p less than 0.001) between the
      clinical and the histological score, confirming validity of clinical scoring. In
      conclusion, this study shows LCAT to rank as first in predicting severity of
      liver disease. Cholesterol metabolism appears to be affected by liver disease
      even more than prothrombin time, albumin and globulins. LCAT and bile acids have
      a place in routine testing of severity of liver disease.

PMID- 4054428
TI  - The effect of alclometasone dipropionate cream 0.05% on the hypothalamic
      pituitary-adrenal axis of normal volunteers.
AB  - In an open study of ten evaluable normal volunteers, 30 g of alclometasone
      dipropionate cream 0.05% was applied to 80% of body surface each morning and
      evening for 21 days. A plastic body suit effectively occluded the treated area
      for 12 hours/day. As demonstrated by continued normal levels of 8 a.m. plasma
      cortisol and 24-hour urinary 17-hydroxysteroid and free cortisol, no suppression
      of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis occurred. Local adverse reactions were
      mild and transient.

PMID- 4054429
TI  - Lack of effect of ambroxol, a bronchial secretolytic agent, on gastric mucus in
      man.
AB  - The effect of ambroxol, a bronchial mucolytic agent, on gastric mucus was
      investigated in man. Ten patients with bronchial hypersecretion were treated with
      ambroxol 30 mg t.i.d. by the oral route for 10 days. Before and after treatment
      the amount of total mucoproteins in the gastric juice was measured and a
      'mucoprotective index' was calculated. Neither quantitative nor qualitative
      changes in gastric mucus were observed after ambroxol treatment. Our results show
      that the drug does not exert lytic effects on the gastric mucus layer and hence
      is devoid of damaging activity on the gastric mucosa.

PMID- 4054430
TI  - Tolerance of carprofen in patients with asthma caused by non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs.
AB  - Eight asthmatics with respiratory intolerance to NSAIDs and two subjects (one
      asthmatic, one healthy) only sensitive (asthma) to pyrazolone drugs were
      challenged under single-blind conditions with a new NSAID, carprofen. No adverse
      effects were observed in patients sensitive to pyrazolones. Among the other
      patients, only three developed considerable bronchial obstruction which was
      rapidly reversed by inhalation of a beta 2-stimulant (fenoterol: 2 puffs). Two
      subjects developed nasal obstruction with rhinorrhoea: in conjunction with
      bronchoconstriction in one patient and alone in the other. In conclusion, acute
      administration of carprofen in patients with respiratory intolerance to NSAIDs,
      in contrast to most other NSAIDs, never creates a situation of real danger even
      though in some patients it may considerably increase nasal and bronchial
      resistance.

PMID- 4054431
TI  - Macroglial cell development in embryonic rat brain: studies using monoclonal
      antibodies, fluorescence activated cell sorting, and cell culture.
AB  - Astrocytes, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes have been shown to develop on
      the same schedule in dissociated cell cultures of early embryonic rat brain as in
      vivo. Subsequent studies showed that there are two major types of astrocyte (type
      1 and type-2), which, in cultures of perinatal optic nerve, develop as two
      distinct lineages. In such cultures, type-2 astrocytes and oligodendrocytes
      develop from the same, bipotential, (O-2A) progenitor cells, which differentiate
      into type-2 astrocytes in 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) and into oligodendrocytes in
      less than or equal to 0.5% FCS. In light of these findings, we now have extended
      our studies on macroglial cell development in rat brain and show the following:
      (i) The first astrocytes to develop have a type-1 phenotype, while astrocytes
      with a type-2 phenotype do not develop until almost 2 weeks later, just as in the
      optic nerve. (ii) Most importantly, type-2 astrocytes, like the other macroglial
      cells, develop on the same schedule in cultures of early embryonic (less than or
      equal to E15) brain as they do in vivo. (iii) By contrast, both oligodendrocytes
      and type-2 astrocytes develop prematurely in cultures of E17 brain, and FCS
      influences this development in the same way it does in perinatal optic nerve
      cultures. (iv) Type-2 astrocyte precursors are labeled by the A2B5 monoclonal
      antibody, as shown previously for oligodendrocyte precursors in brain and for O
      2A progenitor cells in optic nerve. Taken together with our previous findings,
      these results suggest that oligodendrocytes and type-2 astrocytes in brain
      develop from bipotential O-2A progenitor cells, whose choice of developmental
      pathway and timing of differentiation depend on mechanisms that operate
      independently of brain morphogenesis.

PMID- 4054432
TI  - Simultaneous expression of early and late histone messenger RNAs in individual
      cells during development of the sea urchin embryo.
AB  - The transition from early (E) to late (L) histone gene expression in developing
      sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) embryos was examined for H2B, H3, and
      H4 mRNAs by in situ hybridization of class-specific probes. Hybridization
      patterns indicate that the shift from E to L mRNAs occurs gradually and
      simultaneously in all blastomeres. Thus, during the transition the ratio of L to
      E mRNAs is similar in most cells. This suggests that no sudden changes in histone
      composition occur in individual cells which might be related to alterations in
      gene expression associated with differentiation of cell lineages. Around the
      midpoint of the transition, clusters of cells progressively appear which contain
      little, if any, E or L histone mRNA. This modulation of expression is coordinated
      for the three late genes examined because most individual cells contain either
      high or low levels of all three mRNAs. At blastula stage these clusters of
      unlabeled cells appear to be randomly distributed throughout the embryo.
      Subsequently the unlabeled regions expand and are found predominantly in aboral
      ectoderm as these cells cease to divide. Thus, the L/E histone mRNA ratio is not
      differentially regulated in diverse cell lineages, and the major differences in
      total histone mRNA content among individual cells may be related to cell cycle
      and/or the cessation of division.

PMID- 4054433
TI  - Developmental and tissue-specific differential regulation of the mouse dioxin
      inducible P1-450 and P3-450 genes.
AB  - The murine Ah locus has two structural genes, P1-450 and P3-450, that are members
      of the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-inducible P-450 gene family and are
      closely linked on mouse chromosomes 9. Transcriptional activation of both genes
      in liver is controlled by the Ah receptor. Inducible P1-450 mRNA is correlated
      with aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, whereas inducible P3-450 mRNA is
      correlated with acetanilide 4-hydroxylase activity. This report shows that
      inducible P3-450 mRNA is also highly correlated with estradiol 2-hydroxylase
      activity. Both P1-450 and P3-450 activities are induced by 3-methylcholanthrene
      in liver; in contrast, P1-450 but not P3-450 activity is induced to a significant
      extent in kidney, lung, and intestine. Constitutive levels of P3-450 mRNA in
      liver are at least five times greater than those of P1-450 mRNA, thus accounting
      for the much greater "fold inducibility" of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase than
      acetanilide 4-hydroxylase or estradiol 2-hydroxylase. The hepatic P3-450
      induction response occurs at lower inducer concentrations than the P1-450
      induction response, suggesting a difference in affinity of the inducer-receptor
      complex for regulatory regions of the two genes. Developmentally, P1-450
      inducibility occurs at least 2 weeks earlier in gestation than P3-450
      inducibility, which occurs near the time of birth. These data thus demonstrate
      striking differences between the expression of two homologous genes in the same P
      450 subfamily, with respect to developmental and tissue specificity and
      sensitivity to common inducers that interact with the Ah receptor.

PMID- 4054434
TI  - Germ cells in Hydra oligactis males. I. Isolation of a subpopulation of
      interstitial cells that is developmentally restricted to sperm production.
AB  - Single clones of interstitial cells were generated and analyzed to determine if
      one interstitial cell has the capacity to differentiate both somatic and germ
      cells. Such clones were produced by using hydroxyurea to selectively eliminate
      interstitial cells from normal Hydra oligactis males. The number of animals
      devoid of interstitial cells within the population was determined by staining
      whole animals with toluidine blue which renders the interstitial cells visible.
      The number of animals containing single clones of interstitial cells was then
      estimated using single hit Poisson statistics. In treatments which rendered 60
      80% of the population devoid of interstitial cells, the majority of the animals
      containing interstitial cells lost the ability to produce somatic cells,
      including nerves and nematocytes, but retained the capacity to produce sperm.
      This result strongly suggests the presence of a separate germ line in hydra.

PMID- 4054435
TI  - Development of a steady electric current in neonatal rat lumbrical muscle.
AB  - We have used a vibrating probe and intracellular recording techniques to study
      the development of a steady electric current generated by rat lumbrical muscle.
      In adult animals, previous work has revealed a steady outward current generated
      at the end plate region. In the present study, we show that at birth muscles
      generate a steady inward, not outward current. The inward current declines with
      age, disappearing about 5 days after birth. At about the same time, the steady
      outward current appears, and reaches adult amplitude by 2-3 weeks after birth.
      The two currents are generated by completely different mechanisms. The inward
      current is blocked by alpha-bungarotoxin and apparently results from activation
      of acetylcholine-gated channels at the end plate. The outward current, on the
      other hand, is not affected by alpha-bungarotoxin but is blocked by agents which
      interfere with chloride movements across the membrane, as in the adult.

PMID- 4054436
TI  - A structured approach to hearing aid selection.
AB  - Many different procedures have been suggested for use in hearing aid selection:
      the practicing audiologist must choose among them. A structured approach to the
      hearing aid selection process is most likely to result in an optimal choice for
      each patient. This paper describes one such approach to the process of hearing
      aid selection which attempts to customize the selection procedure to make maximum
      use of each individual patient's response capabilities. The approach is presented
      in generic form and one implementation is described in detail.

PMID- 4054437
TI  - Pediatric hearing aid evaluation: case reports.
AB  - The Pediatric Speech Intelligibility (PSI) sentence materials were used to carry
      out hearing aid evaluations in one child who was too immature to be tested by
      conventional speech audiometric techniques and in a second child who completed
      both conventional and PSI procedures. Results indicated that the PSI sentence
      materials lower the age level at which hearing aid evaluations can be carried out
      via speech audiometry in young children.

PMID- 4054438
TI  - Pure-tone and acoustic immittance screening of preschool-aged children: an
      examination of referral criteria.
AB  - Seventy-five 3- and 4-yr-old children participated in a hearing screening program
      that included both pure-tone and acoustic immittance measures. ASHA's guidelines
      for acoustic immittance screening were modified to include a rescreening of all
      children failing the immittance test. Results were then compared to those
      projected from the existing ASHA criteria and two other screening protocols. Our
      findings revealed a higher incidence of otologic abnormalities in preschoolers
      compared to school-aged children and a higher incidence of false positives, even
      when immittance rescreening was provided. Pure-tone audiometry was ineffective as
      a means of identifying otologic abnormalities. A comparison of the immittance
      screening protocols indicated that the ASHA guidelines are likely to result in an
      excessive number of false-positive medical referrals. Recommendations are made
      for procedural modifications aimed at improving the efficiency of this procedure.

PMID- 4054439
TI  - The AudioScope: a clinical tool for otoscopic and audiometric examination.
AB  - The AudioScope was evaluated both in laboratory and in clinical settings.
      Audiometric calibration of the instrument proved to be reliable and easy to
      accomplish. Clinic evaluation with 182 subjects demonstrated that audiometric
      screening with the AudioScope shows good agreement with conventional, clinical
      audiometry. The instrument is a useful clinical adjunct to audiometry since it
      generally categorizes audiogram configuration and level and provides insight into
      subject cooperation. This information can enhance the efficiency of manual,
      threshold audiometry, especially in pediatric cases.

PMID- 4054440
TI  - Hearing deficits correlated with the timing of systemic disturbance as indicated
      by primary incisor defects.
AB  - A correlation of hearing deficits and enamel defects was investigated in 18
      children presenting to a pediatric neurology service for hearing evaluation.
      Eleven had enamel defects. Five had defects consistent with a systemic insult
      occurring as early as 14 weeks gestation, two between 29 to 33 weeks gestation,
      and four near term. Hearing loss was more severe in the five with enamel defects
      occurring in the mid-trimester (mean = 70 dB), than in the four subjects with
      defects occurring around term (mean = 23 dB) (t = 3.8; p less than 0.01). Of the
      remaining two subjects, one had normal hearing and the other had a moderate loss.
      A correlation was found between the average degree of hearing loss (in dB) versus
      the estimated time of systemic insult in weeks gestational age as indicated by
      position of the tooth defect (r = -0.78; p less than 0.01). Neurological profiles
      also differed with those having early defects being more severe. These findings
      suggest a differential susceptibility for developing audiological (and possibly
      other neurological) structures based on insult timing.

PMID- 4054441
TI  - Bekesy-tracked aural harmonic distortion thresholds and uncomfortable loudness
      levels.
AB  - Sweep-frequency Bekesy audiometry was used to determine the uncomfortable
      loudness and threshold levels for the perception of an aurally generated harmonic
      distortion phenomenon in normal and sensorineural hearing impaired listeners. A
      continuous-interrupted tone crossover uncomfortable loudness level tracking
      pattern is described which appears to vary with the tracked aural harmonic
      distortion levels. Hearing impairment was seen to elevate the intensity required
      to achieve overload and distortion while reducing the range from audiometric
      threshold to the onset of aural harmonic distortion. Consideration of these
      findings to suprathreshold audiometric evaluation is discussed.

PMID- 4054442
TI  - Effects of noise on NST and NU 6 stimuli.
AB  - This study determined how normal-hearing listeners' performance on a nonsense
      syllable test (NST) was affected by three noise competitors, and how these
      responses differed from those on the standard NU 6 meaningful word test. Twenty
      young adult listeners heard the stimuli via earphones and provided verbal
      responses to the NST and NU 6 items in competition with: white noise, multitalker
      noise, and white noise which was amplitude modulated by the multitalker noise,
      each at a 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio. Responses were scored on a whole-word (all
      or-none) basis. Statistical analyses revealed that listeners' performance was
      always poorer on the NST than on the NU 6 regardless of competitor type; and that
      scores were better in the multitalker noise followed by white noise and amplitude
      modulated white noise. These data and those from earlier studies indicate that
      the NST is sufficiently difficult in quiet that it may not warrant testing in
      noise.

PMID- 4054443
TI  - Performance of adults on directed listening tasks using a dichotic CV test.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the response of adult subjects to
      directed listening tasks, using the dichotic consonant-vowel (CV) identification
      test. Twenty-five subjects, 20 to 36 years of age, were tested. Dichotic CV
      testing was administered utilizing the directed listening paradigm and free
      recall instructions. Results indicated that subjects showed right ear advantage
      in the directed right listening condition, and left ear advantage in directed
      left listening condition. Free recall listening conditions showed a right ear
      advantage. These results show a previously unreported maturational effect on
      dichotic CV testing. Implications of test findings are discussed.

PMID- 4054444
TI  - Spectral characteristics of air and bone conduction transducers used to record
      the auditory brain stem response.
AB  - This study sought to determine differences in the acoustic spectra of five
      different transducers commonly used for stimulus presentation to record the
      auditory brain stem response (ABR). The outputs of three commercially available
      bone conduction vibrators (Radioear B-70A, B-71 and B-72), a TDH-49 earphone, and
      an insert receiver were measured by applying a 0.1 msec rectangular electrical
      pulse to each transducer. The resultant output for each transducer was converted
      to one-third octave band data and plotted against reference threshold levels.
      Results demonstrated relatively flat acoustic spectra and high output levels for
      the two air conduction receivers. In contrast, each of the bone oscillators had
      its greatest concentration of energy in the 2000 Hz region with the spectrum
      characterized by a precipitous decrease in output at frequencies above and below
      this resonance peak. Maximum output never exceeded 35 dB HL for any of the three
      bone conduction devices. Of the three oscillators, however, the B-70A appeared to
      provide the highest output before reaching saturation. Results are discussed
      relative to the limitations for recording the auditory brain stem response to
      bone conducted transient signals.

PMID- 4054445
TI  - Diabetologia 1965-1985--portrait of a journal.

PMID- 4054446
TI  - alpha-Ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes and respiratory fuel utilisation in
      diabetes.
AB  - Activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex determines the rate of glucose
      oxidation in animals including man. The complex is regulated by reversible
      phosphorylation, phosphorylation resulting in inactivation. Activity is therefore
      dependent upon the activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and phosphatase.
      Activity of the complex is reduced in diabetes and starvation as a result of
      insulin deficiency. The mechanism involves activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase
      kinase by short-term effects of products of fatty acid oxidation and by longer
      term effects involving specific protein synthesis; in hepatocytes the signals may
      include lipid fuels and glucagon. Activity of the branched chain ketoacid
      dehydrogenase complex determines the rate of degradation of branched chain
      aminoacids which is adjusted according to dietary supply. The complex is
      regulated by reversible phosphorylation, phosphorylation being inactivating. In
      liver and kidney, but not in muscles a protein activator (free E1 component) may
      reactivate phosphorylated complex without dephosphorylation and facilitate
      hepatic oxidation of branched chain ketoacids. Metabolic adjustments induced by
      diet and diabetes include loss of activator protein, loss of total complex
      activity in liver but not muscles, and enhanced inactivation by phosphorylation
      in liver.

PMID- 4054447
TI  - Brittle diabetes--present concepts.

PMID- 4054448
TI  - The effect of proteinuria on relative mortality in type 1 (insulin-dependent)
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - We followed 1,134 patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes, diagnosed
      between 1933 and 1952, until 1982 or death or until their emigration. Their age
      at onset of diabetes was under 31 years. Information concerning the development
      of persistent proteinuria was sought in every case. In 104 cases, the data were
      either questionable or the patient could not be traced. Twenty-nine patients
      developed non-diabetic proteinuria. Among the remaining 1,001 patients, 406
      developed persistent proteinuria (350 died) and 595 did not (166 died). The
      incidence of persistent proteinuria was highest among men; it decreased with
      increasing year of diabetes onset from 1933 to 1952, and decreased with
      increasing age at onset. The relative mortality was extremely high among patients
      with persistent proteinuria, increasing to a maximum of about 100 at age 35
      years. Patients not developing proteinuria had a relatively constant low relative
      mortality of about 2. The decreasing incidence of persistent proteinuria and the
      decreasing mortality with increasing calendar year of diabetes onset resulted in
      a 50% increase in life-expectancy among patients diagnosed in 1950 compared with
      patients diagnosed in 1935. In patients who developed persistent proteinuria,
      relative mortality was higher in women than men at all ages. In patients who did
      not develop proteinuria, relative mortality was similar in men and women after
      the age of 35. Uraemia was the main cause of death in patients with persistent
      proteinuria, although cardiovascular deaths were more frequent than in patients
      without proteinuria. Thus, proteinuria is associated not only with death from
      uraemia but also from cardiovascular disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4054449
TI  - The problem of the diabetic patient in developing countries.

PMID- 4054450
TI  - Patient education as the basis for diabetes care in clinical practice and
      research.

PMID- 4054452
TI  - Accidents with apnea monitors.

PMID- 4054451
TI  - Use of theophylline in infants.

PMID- 4054453
TI  - Manufacturer revises IUD labeling.

PMID- 4054454
TI  - Boxed warning added to Fansidar labeling.

PMID- 4054455
TI  - Study of IV quinidine gluconate for severe malaria.

PMID- 4054456
TI  - Class I recalls: including products promoted as infant formulas.

PMID- 4054457
TI  - [Spatial-frequency mechanisms of light perception].

PMID- 4054458
TI  - [Binocular rivalry in monocular observation of a homogeneous field and stabilized
      images].

PMID- 4054459
TI  - [Human assessment of the speed of approach of a sound source].

PMID- 4054460
TI  - [The central spectrum and identification of voice-like stimuli].

PMID- 4054461
TI  - [Auditory parameters of anterior vowels].

PMID- 4054462
TI  - [Identification of verbal stimuli and functional asymmetry of the brain].

PMID- 4054463
TI  - [Myotonic afterimages--a new type of afterimage].

PMID- 4054464
TI  - [Structural properties of impulse activity fluxes in neuronal populations].

PMID- 4054465
TI  - [The galvanic skin reaction as an electrographic correlate of the processes of
      remembering and recognizing different types of verbal information by boys and
      girls].

PMID- 4054466
TI  - [Slow potentials during solution of arithmetic problems and receipt of feedback
      information on these problems].

PMID- 4054467
TI  - [Space-time distribution of EEG activation during verbal-logical and visual
      imaging activity].

PMID- 4054469
TI  - [Interaction of the parasympathetic and sympathetic sections of the autonomic
      nervous system in regulating cardiac rhythm].

PMID- 4054468
TI  - [Interhemispheric interrelations during stable changes in emotional states (based
      on data from a study of auditory adaptation)].

PMID- 4054470
TI  - [Evaluation of the level of disadaptation of higher nervous activity using
      electropolygram analysis].

PMID- 4054472
TI  - [Effect of meteorological factors on human psychophysiologic reactions].

PMID- 4054471
TI  - [Evaluation of emotional stress during work based on systemic analysis of the
      galvanic skin reaction].

PMID- 4054473
TI  - [Mechanism of the effect of different doses of lidase on the capillary-tissue
      diffusion of oxygen in middle and old age].

PMID- 4054474
TI  - [Electrolyte and sympathoadrenal system balance in children and adolescents 7-16
      years old].

PMID- 4054475
TI  - [Effect of graded physical exercise on the state of blood rheology in highly
      qualified sportsmen].

PMID- 4054476
TI  - [Effect of maximal physical exertion on adenine nucleotide metabolism in
      sportsmen].

PMID- 4054477
TI  - [Changes in water-electrolyte metabolism in the 1st hours of immersion as
      affected by submersion at different times of the day].

PMID- 4054479
TI  - [Effect of different low-calorie diets on water-electrolyte homeostasis].

PMID- 4054478
TI  - [Effect of the complexity of control tasks on the level of activation of
      physiological functions in an operator working in an anticipatory mode of
      operation].

PMID- 4054480
TI  - [Age-related dynamics of autonomic indices and changes in EEG characteristics as
      affected by functional states of the brain in normal children].

PMID- 4054481
TI  - [Relation of the psychodynamics of the verbal mnemonic function to the strength
      and lability of nervous processes].

PMID- 4054482
TI  - [Psychophysical characteristics of stereo perception of objects arbitrarily
      arranged in space].

PMID- 4054483
TI  - [The diagnosis of prosthesis pathology in biological and mechanical valves. I.
      Clinical and echocardiographic evaluation].
AB  - We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and echocardiographic findings of 50
      patients with documented malfunctioning of cardiac prosthetic valves. The
      prostheses, mechanical or biological, were in 24 cases in a mitral and in 26
      cases in an aortic position. Prosthetic dysfunction was due to thrombosis, fibro
      calcific degeneration, fibrous cloth, bacterial infection, dehiscence, mismatch.
      The clinical features were represented by cardiac insufficiency of different
      degrees, up to global congestive failure unresponsive to medical treatment, by
      sudden low-output syndrome, arrhythmias, angina. The changes in auscultatory
      findings have appeared important clues to prosthetic malfunction, but we stress
      the necessity of an instrumental documentation of the type and grade of
      dysfunction. Echocardiography has represented an essential tool for a rapid and
      accurate noninvasive diagnosis of prosthetic pathology. The echocardiographic
      examination, except 2 false negatives, has consistently provided informations
      useful for therapeutic decisions. In 7 cases in critical clinical conditions
      (refractory heart failure or shock) the echocardiographic examination has
      afforded the exact documentation and identification of prosthetic pathology,
      allowing by itself a surgical decision.

PMID- 4054484
TI  - [Prosthetic pathology of mechanical and biological valves in the mitral and
      aortic position. II. Hemodynamic-angiographic evaluation and anatomo-surgical
      aspects].
AB  - The catheterization parameters of 42 patients with surgically confirmed
      prosthetic valve malfunction were retrospectively analyzed in order to evaluate
      the role of hemodynamic and angiocardiographic examination in the diagnosis of
      prosthetic complications. The invasive investigation provided in all cases more
      precise informations regarding the type and grade of prosthetic malfunction as
      compared to noninvasive techniques. Transvalvular gradients could be quantified,
      the amount of regurgitation could be defined and associated lesions
      (paraprosthetic aneurysms, aortic root dissection, fistulas secondary to
      bacterial endocarditis) could be recognized. The surgical exploration confirmed
      prosthetic malfunction in all cases except two, with fibrous tissue ingrowth: at
      the moment this complication is not distinguishable from thrombosis and no
      specific diagnostic signs have been described either with invasive or noninvasive
      techniques. In our experience the patients who can benefit from hemodynamic
      examination are: patients with echocardiographic examination of poor technical
      quality, patients in whom noninvasive investigations can not completely explain
      the clinical status ("false negative" echocardiograms, multiple prosthetic
      valves), all cases in whom cardiac surgery requires a precisely detailed
      evaluation of the prosthetic malfunction. The opportunity or necessity to perform
      an invasive study in patients with clinically suspected or proven prosthetic
      malfunction should be discussed individually.

PMID- 4054485
TI  - [Pathology of mechanical and biological prostheses in the mitral and aortic
      position].

PMID- 4054486
TI  - [Cardiac and metabolic investigations during 24 hour endurance skiing (Pinzolo,
      Italy)].
AB  - In the "24-hour Cross Country Ski Race of Pinzolo" skiers attempt to cover as
      long as possible distances within 24 hours. Cardiac and metabolic changes of 6
      volunteer cross country skiers, aging 29 to 39 years, participating to the
      individual competition, were analysed. All skiers had negative clinical
      examination and resting standard 12-lead ECG, except for one who had a
      midsystolic click on auscultation suggesting the presence of mitral valve
      prolapse. They were submitted to 48-hour Holter monitoring (HM) going from 3:00
      p.m. of the day before the race up to one hour after the end of competition. The
      period of HM going from 3 p.m. of the day before to 1.00 p.m. of the day of race
      (one hour before the start) was utilized as control as concerns arrhythmias, ST-T
      wave and QT interval changes observed during the period of competition. In all 6
      skiers, standard 12-lead ECG was again recorded on completion of race. The
      following serum indexes were obtained in basal conditions and within one hour
      after the end of race: electrolytes (Na+, K+), Myoglobina (MG) and the enzymes
      GOT, GPT, LDH, CK and CK-MB. Complete urine analysis was also obtained before and
      immediately after the race. The distance covered by the skiers ranged from 189 to
      260 Km, except for the skier with systolic click who covered 95.7 Km within 12
      hour and then retired from the race for acute pain of knee.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4054487
TI  - [Evaluation of the seriousness of aortic valve stenosis: calculation of the
      valvular area or peak? Reliability of Hakki's formula].
AB  - The severity of aortic valve stenosis should be assessed by means of the
      calculation of the valvular area; on the other hand, the routine use of the
      Gorlin's formula for the aortic area is laborious and time consuming. Recently
      Hakki proposed a simplified formula (area = cardiac output/square root gradient)
      for the calculation of valvular areas. This method does not require the
      assessment of the systolic ejection time or the transvalvular flow; furthermore,
      the peak systolic gradient instead of the mean gradient may be entered into the
      formula. We have evaluated the reliability of this formula on 83 patients with
      aortic valve stenosis either pure or with absent to mild aortic incompetence
      (angiographically first degree maximum). Twenty-eight patients had isolated
      aortic stenosis, 55 had associated mitral stenosis and/or mitral or tricuspid
      regurgitation. Our results show a good correlation between the values of valvular
      areas obtained by Hakki's formula and those obtained by Gorlin's formula (r =
      0.90 in the first group and r = 0.91 in the second group of patients). On the
      contrary we observed a poor relationship between the peak systolic gradient and
      the valvular area, with a considerable scatter of the data, especially for low
      values of peak systolic gradient. We therefore conclude that the assessment of
      the aortic valve stenosis must be based on the estimation of the valvular area;
      in our hands the Hakki's formula has proven to be easy and sufficiently reliable
      for routine diagnostic studies.

PMID- 4054488
TI  - [Myocardial protection in valvular surgery by retroperfusion of the coronary
      sinus with cardioplegic solution in valve surgery. Immediate results and
      technical considerations].
AB  - Retrograde coronary sinus perfusion as a means of delivering cardioplegia was
      evaluated in 20 patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery. Other 10 patients,
      undergoing similar operation with antegrade coronary cardioplegic perfusion
      served as a control. Results showed no significant differences between the two
      groups of patients in terms of: myocardial cooling; pre-ischemic and post
      perfusion myocardial lactate extraction; post-operative clinical findings
      (myocardial infarction occurrence, need for inotropic support, mortality). We
      conclude that retroperfusion through the coronary sinus is a safe and effective
      alternative of cardioplegic delivery. Since it simplifies the operative procedure
      (it allows the cardioplegia delivery at any desired time of the operation,
      without discontinuing the procedure), we recommended its use during valvular
      cardiac operations, especially on aortic valve replacement.

PMID- 4054489
TI  - [Cardioinhibitory reflex provoked by stimulation of carotid sinus in normal
      subjects and those with cardiovascular disease].
AB  - The normal range and the reproducibility of the cardioinhibitory carotid sinus
      reflex were studied in 288 apparently healthy subjects of different ages (aged
      from 17 to 84 yrs., 156 males, 132 females). In each subject we chose the longest
      RR interval as an activation index of the reflex obtained by carotid sinus
      massage; its mean value increased slightly with advancing age. In the were 1, 5,
      2, 5, 3, 3 sec. respectively, with a 99% confidence limit. No sex difference was
      found. We studied also a group of 105 patients (aged from 39 to 82 yrs., 67
      males, 38 females) with various types of cardiovascular disorders, without a
      previous history of spontaneous syncope. Abnormal maximum RR values were found in
      18 of them (17%). This percentage was significantly higher than in normals (2%).
      In 11 patients (10%) the carotid sinus stimulation evoked a syncopal attack. It
      seems therefore that a statistically abnormal carotid sinus hypersensitivity can
      occur in a substantial number of cardiovascular patients without necessarily
      leading to spontaneous syncopal attacks. Finally the reproducibility of the
      cardioinhibitory reflex was tested in 42 patients with maximum RR interval values
      ranging from normal to extremely abnormal. In each subject a significant
      correlation (r = 0.79) was found between the maximum RR interval values tested in
      two occasions at intervals ranging from 1 hour to 3 months; besides a concordance
      in normal or abnormal result was present in 93% of the cases.

PMID- 4054490
TI  - [Assessment of coronary stenosis by myocardial scintigraphy with thallium-201
      after dipyridamol infusion].
AB  - After a 4 minute i.v. dipyridamole infusion (0.14 mg/Kg/min) serial Thallium-201
      scans were obtained in 45 patients, without myocardial necrosis, undergoing
      coronarography. Twelve patients had effort angina, 6 rest angina, 14 effort
      associated with rest angina, 13 had atypical chest pain. Thirty-two patients had
      a 50% or greater stenosis of 1 or more coronary artery (8 had three vessels
      disease, 7 two vessels, 17 one vessel); 13 patients had no significant coronary
      stenosis ("control group"). The test induced electrocardiographic signs of
      ischemia in 18 patients, all with significant coronary stenosis, 15 of them
      experienced angina too. Sensitivity of Thallium-201 for detecting coronary artery
      stenosis was 94% (30 of 32) and specificity was 85% (11 of 13). In the group of
      the 17 patients with one vessel disease we obtained a sensitivity and specificity
      of 100% (17 of 17). We conclude that Thallium-201 myocardial imaging after
      pharmacologic vasodilatation with dipyridamole is a highly sensitive and specific
      test for detecting coronary artery stenoses without necessary overt ischemia. In
      fact dipyridamole, as consequence of its important coronary vasodilatation,
      produces differences in myocardial perfusion with relative perfusion defects
      detectable with Thallium-201 imaging.

PMID- 4054491
TI  - [Disturbances of ventricular conduction in acute myocardial infarction and post
      infarction. Value of an electrophysiological study and indications for
      pacemakers].

PMID- 4054492
TI  - Lung disease associated with amiodarone treatment.
AB  - A case of pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis occurring during long term treatment
      with amiodarone hydrochloride is described. The patient, a 68 year old woman,
      presented with severe dyspnoea and weakness 13 months after the institution of
      amiodarone therapy, 200 mg. bid 6 days/week. Chest x-ray showed patchy
      infiltrates involving the parahilar and medullary areas of both upper lobes. The
      clinical symptoms and the pulmonary signs improved only after amiodarone
      discontinuation and steroid treatment. Radiographic abnormalities gradually
      cleared over 45 days except for residual lines of fibrosis in the zones of
      previous alveolar consolidation still present 4 months later.

PMID- 4054493
TI  - [Hypertrophic gingivitis caused by verapamil].
AB  - We observed gingival hyperplasia, similar clinically to the hyperplasia caused by
      diphenylhydantoin during the last 11 months in two patients treated by verapamil,
      suffering from angina pectoris pains. In Case I discontinuation of the calcium
      antagonist resulted in marked regression of the gingival hyperplasia. Evidence
      points to a strong relationship between the gingival hyperplasia and the
      administration of verapamil. Further studies are required to confirm definitively
      the relationship between the administration of verapamil and gingival
      hyperplasia, its incidence, and the correlation with local factors.

PMID- 4054494
TI  - Predictive relationship of hiatal hernia to reflux esophagitis.
AB  - The relationship between hiatal hernia and reflux esophagitis was compared in 93
      patients who underwent both radiographic and endoscopic examination of the
      esophagus. In 46 patients with a normal esophagus shown endoscopically, hiatal
      hernia was present in 59%, while 94% of 47 patients with reflux esophagitis had
      hiatal hernia. The positive and negative predictive values for hiatal hernia in
      diagnosing or excluding esophagitis were 62% and 86%, respectively. Extrapolation
      of these data and review of the literature suggest that much of the confusion
      concerning the relationship between hiatal hernia and reflux esophagitis is based
      on reports of populations with considerable variation in the prevalence of
      esophagitis and in which the radiographic criteria for diagnosing hiatal hernia
      have not been uniformly applied.

PMID- 4054495
TI  - Radiographic abnormalities in eosinophilic esophagitis.
AB  - Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is an unusual condition of unknown cause in which
      there is eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract usually
      accompanied by a peripheral eosinophilia. Rarely, it can also involve the
      esophagus. Recently, the authors have encountered 3 cases of eosinophilic
      infiltration of the esophagus. All patients had a strong history of allergies.
      Two of our patients have had upper esophageal strictures, as have 2 other
      previously reported cases. This appears to be the most common manifestation. One
      patient had polypoid lesions of the esophagus as well as of the rest of the
      gastrointestinal tract. Motility disturbances may also be present. Although
      steroid treatment may be beneficial, the esophageal strictures usually require
      mechanical dilatation to relieve submucosal fibrosis. This entity should be
      considered in any patient who has an esophageal disorder in the presence of
      either a strong history of allergy or peripheral eosinophilia.

PMID- 4054496
TI  - Barrett's esophagus complicating scleroderma.
AB  - Two patients with scleroderma whose esophageal involvement was associated with
      long-standing reflux esophagitis were found to also have Barrett's esophagus.
      Since Barrett's esophagus is a premalignant condition, these patients with
      scleroderma should be considered at high risk for the development of
      adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.

PMID- 4054497
TI  - Intrathoracic esophageal perforation with the Angelchik antireflux prosthesis:
      report of a new complication.
AB  - Esophageal perforation associated with migration of an Angelchik antireflux
      prosthesis into the thorax is reported. After initial nonoperative management,
      this patient was treated by an esophagogastrectomy with a favorable outcome. The
      complications associated with this prosthesis are reviewed briefly.

PMID- 4054498
TI  - Andrew's liver salt as an effervescent in upper gastrointestinal radiography.
AB  - Double-contrast radiography is widely used for examination of the upper
      gastrointestinal tract. However, it is not practiced routinely in many developing
      areas, partly because of high cost of the effervescent agents. In a series of 300
      upper gastrointestinal tract investigations, Andrew's Liver Salt has proven to be
      an effective effervescent, releasing adequate gas in more than 80% of the
      examinations. It disintegrates rapidly with minimal bubble formation and no
      artifacts. It has high patient acceptability and is very inexpensive.

PMID- 4054499
TI  - Squamous cell metastases to the gastric cardia.
AB  - Three patients with squamous cell carcinoma metastasized to the gastric cardia (1
      from the esophagus, 1 from the hypopharynx, and 1 of unknown origin) are
      described. Two patients presented after apparent successful treatment of the
      primary malignancy. In all 3 cases the lesion appeared as a large solitary
      submucosal mass in the region of the gastric cardia. Squamous metastases should
      be considered in the radiographic differential diagnosis of a large submucosal
      gastric mass. Metastasis to the proximal stomach from carcinoma of the esophagus
      may be more common than suspected. Contrast evaluation of this area may be
      indicated in both the initial evaluation and the routine follow-up in these
      patients.

PMID- 4054500
TI  - Gastric varices appearing as intraluminal masses on computed transaxial
      tomography.
AB  - Two case reports are presented to demonstrate that submucosal and subserosal
      gastric varices can appear as intraluminal masses on computed transaxial
      tomographic images.

PMID- 4054501
TI  - Anterolateral left gastric (coronary) vein: an anatomical variant.
AB  - The authors report a case of left gastric (coronary) vein that terminated on the
      anterior aspect of the portal vein 3.0 cm above the upper border of the duodenum
      after running anterolaterally. Preoperative arteriography helped to localize the
      vein, and allowed a safe portacaval shunt to be performed. The radiologic and
      surgical significance of this anomaly is discussed.

PMID- 4054502
TI  - Portal hypertension due to jejunal vascular malformation.
AB  - We report a case of hepatic portal venous hypertension secondary to a small-bowel
      vascular malformation in a 24-year-old man with anemia. Preoperative diagnostic
      evaluation included gastrointestinal barium studies and endoscopy (showing
      esophageal varices), hepatic panangiography, peroral small-bowel biopsy,
      percutaneous transhepatic portal venography, and manometry. Preoperative
      injection of methylene blue dye into the jejunal arteries supplying the
      malformation resulted in easy localization of the lesion at surgery. Direct
      manometry at the time of segmental jejunal resection yielded a portal pressure of
      35 mmHg, with subsequent reduction to 21 mmHg.

PMID- 4054503
TI  - CT demonstration of gastrointestinal involvement in Henoch-Schonlein syndrome.
AB  - The CT appearance of gastrointestinal involvement in Henoch-Schonlein syndrome is
      described. The protean manifestations of this disorder are easily confused both
      clinically and radiographically with those of many other conditions. Mural
      thickening, thickened folds, ulceration, and spasm are seen radiographically. The
      CT appearance of segmental mural thickening and luminal narrowing correlates well
      with the abnormalities seen on the small-bowel series and upper endoscopy.

PMID- 4054504
TI  - Computed tomography of adult ileocolic intussusception.
AB  - Computed tomographic evaluation of ileocolic intussusception in an adult is
      presented. Upper gastrointestinal series with orally administered water-soluble
      contrast agent suggested obstruction in the lower part of the small intestine,
      but computed tomography made a definitive diagnosis. Pathognomonic CT findings of
      ileocolic intussusception are presented.

PMID- 4054505
TI  - Roentgenologic changes of the colon in Campylobacter infection.
AB  - A double-contrast examination of the colon was performed during diarrheal illness
      in 5 patients with Campylobacter infection. The findings in these 5 patients were
      aphthoid ulcers and stippled appearance. In 1 patient with stool culture positive
      for Campylobacter, double-contrast study of the colon 9 days later showed no
      abnormalities. In a 12-year-old boy lymphoid hyperplasia could be observed as
      well as the aphthoid ulcers. All the abnormalities were segmental, more often
      localized in the rectosigmoid. No changes were found in the ascending colon.
      Histopathologic studies of the biopsy specimens taken endoscopically in 3
      patients showed a nonspecific inflammatory reaction.

PMID- 4054506
TI  - Role of CT in diagnosis and management of complications of diverticular disease.
AB  - The clinical complications of diverticular disease may be unclear. Seven patients
      with complicated diverticulitis of the transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon
      were examined with computed tomography. Exact knowledge of the anatomical
      relationships of the transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon and neighboring
      structures are a prerequisite for understanding and interpreting the extensions
      of peridiverticular disease. Computed tomography proved to be useful in
      evaluating the presence and extent of sequelae of perforations, and, as a
      consequence, influenced the planning and timing of treatment.

PMID- 4054507
TI  - Echinococcal cysts in the common bile duct: an uncommon cause of obstruction.
AB  - Obstruction of the biliary system due to intraductal echinococcal cysts is a rare
      but serious presentation of hepatic echinococcal disease. Four cases are
      described. There was a 50% mortality rate and morbidity was high. The clinical
      presentation is difficult to differentiate from other disease processes. Careful
      preoperative sonograms should be taken to detect echogenic cyst material in the
      biliary system in all patients with hepatic echinococcal cysts. If biliary
      pigments are seen in the cyst during surgical removal, or if the patient has a
      recent history of jaundice or cholangitis, intraoperative cholangiography should
      be done to rule out intraductal cysts, which may cause obstruction.

PMID- 4054508
TI  - Insertion of a biliary endoprosthesis using a balloon dilatation catheter.
AB  - Adequate function of a percutaneous biliary endoprosthesis is accomplished by its
      successful positioning through the site of obstruction. Stent insertion is
      greatly facilitated when a peripheral bile duct is entered parallel to its long
      axis or the stent angled in a caudal direction. When the biliary system is
      entered in a cephalad direction, insertion may be laborious and a mature tract is
      often required. We describe the technique for such a positioning of a large-bore,
      long endoprosthesis using a vascular balloon dilatation catheter.

PMID- 4054509
TI  - Catheter drainage of the left posterior subphrenic space: a reliable percutaneous
      approach.
AB  - Catheter drainage of left posterior subphrenic collections can be difficult
      because of lack of a safe access route. We have found that manual compression of
      the soft tissues of the posterior left flank can create a safe route for catheter
      drainage, which otherwise would not be possible. This report describes the
      technique we have used successfully in 8 cases.

PMID- 4054510
TI  - Biliary squalene levels in hepatobiliary disease.
AB  - Following overnight fasting, biliary levels of squalene, bile salts, cholesterol
      and phospholipid were estimated using human bile obtained with a duodenal double
      lumen catheter after administration of caerulein. While the squalene level in B
      bile was 6.86 microM in the control group, it fell significantly in patients with
      parenchymal liver diseases, especially liver cirrhosis. There was no significant
      change in the level in patients with cholelithiasis. Biliary squalene
      concentration showed a significant correlation with concentrations of bile salts,
      cholesterol and phospholipid. These results substantiate the possibility that the
      biliary squalene level reflects sterol metabolism in the liver.

PMID- 4054511
TI  - Clinicopathological study of carcinoma of the bifurcation of hepatic duct.
AB  - Ten cases of carcinoma of the bifurcation of hepatic duct were studied, 9 were
      resected and one case was autopsied. They were classified into two types
      according to the type of infiltration: Type 1 included cases, in which cancer
      cells were demonstrated in the mucosal or submucosal layer at a distance greater
      than 11 mm from the main tumors. Type 2 included the cases less than 11 mm
      distant. Histologic type and gross configuration had no correlation with the type
      of infiltration. Concerning hepatic infiltration, vascular invasion, serosal
      invasion and perineural invasion, Type 1 was more extensive than Type 2. Three
      Type 2 cases were all curatively resected, while all except one Type 1 were
      noncuratively resected. Three cases where the tips of the bile duct appeared to
      form a V and were connected through a narrow, long, stenotic bile duct on the
      preoperative cholangiographic figure were all Type 1. In these cases, cancer
      cells were thought to infiltrate into bilateral hepatic lobes, and as cancer
      cells would remain if only lobectomy is done, trisegmentectomy should be
      performed.

PMID- 4054512
TI  - Appearance mechanism and molecular heterogeneity of serum pancreatic secretory
      trypsin inhibitor (PSTI).
AB  - Serum immunoreactive pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) was measured
      by RIA. Serum PSTI levels were elevated in case of acute pancreatitis (15 of 15
      cases: 317.7 +/- 155.6 ng/ml: Mean +/- SE) or pancreatic carcinoma (16 of 25
      cases; 71.8 +/- 17.1 ng/ml), and in those with chronic renal failure (6 of 6
      cases: 412.8 +/- 98.2 ng/ml). The molecular heterogeneity of elevated serum PSTI
      n such diseases was studied using chromatofocusing column chromatography. The
      results showed that serum PSTI was free from trypsin(-ogen) and was composed of
      at least three molecular forms of different isoelectric points. Two major forms
      were eluted around pH 8.2 (peak I) and 7.5 (peak II), with one minor form around
      pH 6.9 (peak III) from the column. The relative ratio of three forms differed
      with the disease state. Peak I was high in patients with pancreatic carcinoma,
      and peak II was high in patients with acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 4054513
TI  - A case of primary sclerosing cholangitis.
AB  - A case of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is reported. A 16 year-old female
      developed right hypochondralgia and nausea without jaundice. Examination on
      admission showed elevation of SGOT, SGPT, Al-P, gamma-GTP and LAP activities, but
      T-Bil, AFP and CEA were within normal limits. Peripheral eosinocytes increased by
      10%, and tests for HBsAg, antiHBs, antimitochondrial antibody and anti-smooth
      muscle antibody were all negative. ERCP revealed a narrowing of the proximal
      portion of the common the hepatic duct, and beading of the intrahepatic bile
      ducts. Liver scintigram and CT revealed no tumors in the liver, biliary tract or
      pancreas. Laparoscopy showed a smooth liver without swelling and a slightly
      swollen gallbladder. Histologically, the liver biopsy specimen showed ductal
      proliferation of small interlobular bile ducts and periductal fibrosis. No bile
      plugs, granuloma or distinct cholangitis were observed. No abnormal findings,
      including evidence of inflammatory bowel disease, were detected by barium enema.
      At present, one year after discharge, although her symptoms and liver function
      test abnormalities continue, she has been attending high school. Although 58
      cases of PSC have been reported in Japan, juvenile cases occurring before the
      third decade number only 3 including ours.

PMID- 4054515
TI  - Early events in duck hepatitis B virus infection. Sequential appearance of viral
      deoxyribonucleic acid in the liver, pancreas, kidney, and spleen.
AB  - Early events in duck hepatitis B virus infection were studied in 1-day-old
      ducklings following inoculation. Group A ducklings (n = 26) were inoculated
      intraperitoneally with 10 microliter of infective serum, and group B ducklings (n
      = 29) were inoculated with 50 microliter. Samples of the serum, liver, pancreas,
      kidney, and spleen were taken, starting 3 h after inoculation and continuing
      through the 14th day. In group A, relaxed circular double-stranded
      deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) did not appear in serum until day 10, whereas single
      stranded DNA, indicative of active replication of the virus, was already
      demonstrable in the liver on day 6. In group B, single-stranded DNA was first
      detected in the liver on day 3, and relaxed circular double-stranded DNA became
      detectable in the liver and serum on day 6. The pancreas started to have single
      stranded DNA on day 10 in group A and on day 6 in group B, suggesting active
      viral replication in this organ soon after it occurred in the liver. In the
      spleen, relaxed circular double-stranded DNA was detectable when serum became
      positive for viral DNA, probably due to contamination by serum DNA. However,
      single-stranded DNA became detectable on day 14 in group A and on day 6 in group
      B, suggesting a delayed but active viral replication in the constituent tissues
      of the spleen. These results have demonstrated that active replication of duck
      hepatitis B virus starts in the liver after infection, and is followed by the
      pancreas, the kidney, and the spleen. The incubation period is shortened when
      larger amounts of virus are inoculated, but the sequential occurrence of viral
      replication in these organs remains the same.

PMID- 4054514
TI  - Hypouricemia and renal tubular acidosis in primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - A 51-year-old woman with primary biliary cirrhosis developed distal renal tubular
      acidosis and hypouricemia (1.4 mg per 100 ml) in the course of hepatic injury.
      Her renal clearance of uric acid reached 33.7 ml/min (mean +/- SD in five normal
      age-matched women: 9.2 +/- 3.1 ml/min). Pyrazinamide, an inhibitor of uric acid
      secretion, considerably reduced the uric acid clearance, while it was not
      enhanced by probenecid, a blocker of uric acid reabsorption. Thus, the
      hypouricemia may have been due to a defect of postsecretory reabsorption of uric
      acid in the renal tubules. The present case emphasizes the significance of
      hypouricemia and hyperuricosuria as indicators of renal tubular injury in primary
      biliary cirrhosis.

PMID- 4054516
TI  - Frequency and significance of delta antibody in acute and chronic hepatitis B. A
      United States experience.
AB  - Of 560 hepatitis B surface antigen-positive patients who were tested for antibody
      to hepatitis delta-antigen by blocking radioimmunoassay, 29 (5%) were
      seropositive. Patients with chronic active hepatitis had a greater frequency of
      seropositivity than those with chronic persistent hepatitis (26% vs. 0%, p less
      than 0.05), and patients with symptomatic chronic disease harbored the antibody
      more commonly than asymptomatic counterparts (14% vs. 2%, p less than 0.01) or
      patients with acute hepatitis (14% vs. 1%, p less than 0.02). Of 8 patients with
      acute fulminant hepatitis, including 6 who died of liver failure, none were
      seropositive. Antibody was detected in drug users, dialysis patients,
      hemophiliacs, and transfusion recipients; in 17 patients, however, including 3
      homosexuals, it occurred sporadically. Samples harvested in 1969 contained delta
      antibody. Antibody was found in most ethnic groups, including Orientals, where it
      occurred only in relocated Vietnamese. We conclude that delta-antibody is
      detected infrequently in a diverse referral population within the United States.
      Seropositivity is associated with symptomatic chronic disease and histologic
      findings of chronic active hepatitis. Homosexuals and resettled Vietnamese are
      susceptible to sporadic delta-infection.

PMID- 4054517
TI  - Polydispersity of acidic glycosaminoglycan components in human liver and the
      changes at different stages in liver cirrhosis.
AB  - The aim of this study was to characterize acidic glycosaminoglycan components in
      normal human liver and in alcoholic cirrhosis, and to determine whether the
      proportions of individual glycosaminoglycans change with advancing cirrhosis.
      Acidic glycosaminoglycans are components of extracellular matrices and consist of
      repeating disaccharides of hexosamine and hexuronic acid with molecular weights
      ranging from 5 X 10(3) to 5 X 10(4), except for hyaluronic acid, whose molecular
      weight ranges from 3 X 10(4) to 1.6 X 10(6). The acidic glycosaminoglycan
      components in normal liver and at different stages of liver cirrhosis were found
      to be polydisperse as to the molecular weight and the degree of sulfation. The
      increased content of glycosaminoglycans with advancing liver cirrhosis was
      related to those of heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate components. Heparan
      sulfates were the most prominent components of smaller molecular weight
      fractions. In the normal state, moderate amounts of dermatan sulfate and the
      oversulfated isomer were present in intermediate molecular weight fractions, but
      increasing amounts of the components shifted to higher molecular weight fractions
      with advancing cirrhosis. A small amount of hyaluronic acid was found in higher
      molecular weight fractions and the amount increased at the initial stage as a
      reversible phenomenon. The possible roles of hepatic glycosaminoglycan components
      in the process of fibrosis are discussed.

PMID- 4054518
TI  - Association of gallbladder carcinoma and anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal
      union.
AB  - A total of 96 patients with gallbladder carcinoma in whom direct cholangiography
      clearly opacified the pancreaticobiliary ductal union and the common channel, and
      65 patients with an anomalous union of these two duct systems at a distance
      greater than 15 mm from the papilla of Vater (normally less than 4.6 +/- 2.2 mm,
      mean +/- SD) were studied. It was found that this anomalous ductal union occurred
      in 16.7% of the patients with gallbladder carcinoma in comparison with an
      incidence of 2.8% among 641 consecutive patients with various hepatobiliary and
      pancreatic diseases studied by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography who
      did not have gallbladder carcinoma. It was also found that gallbladder carcinoma
      occurred in 24.6% of the 65 cases of anomalous ductal union in comparison with a
      1.9% incidence of this cancer among 635 consecutive patients similarly studied
      and found to have normal ductal union (p less than 0.001). Thus, a close
      etiologic association was suggested between this anomaly in the terminal segment
      of the biliary tract and gallbladder carcinoma. Of the 65 patients with anomalous
      ductal union, 50 had the so-called congenital cystic dilatation of the common
      bile duct and 15 did not. Five of the 50 (10%) and 11 of the 15 (73.3%) had
      gallbladder carcinoma (p less than 0.01), and this carcinoma seems to be related
      to anomalous ductal union rather than to cystic dilatation of the common bile
      duct. As a tumorigenic factor in this anomaly, regurgitation of pancreatic juice
      has been stressed.

PMID- 4054519
TI  - Lipoprotein abnormalities in primary biliary cirrhosis. Association with hepatic
      lipase inhibition as well as altered cholesterol esterification.
AB  - The nature and etiology of plasma lipoprotein abnormalities in patients with
      varying stages of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) were assessed. Two distinct
      lipoprotein patterns were observed. In patients with early and intermediate
      histologic stages of PBC, mild elevations of very low density lipoproteins and
      low density lipoproteins (LDLs), and marked increases in high density
      lipoproteins (HDLs) were often noted (group 1). In contrast, patients with
      advanced disease had marked elevations in LDLs with the presence of lipoprotein
      X, and a significant decrease in HDLs (group 2). The lipoprotein pattern in group
      1 was characterized by a normal ratio of free cholesterol to total cholesterol,
      whereas in group 2, this ratio was elevated. In plasma from group 1 patients only
      spherical micelles were observed on electron microscopy, whereas in plasma from
      group 2 patients bilayered disks could be seen in LDLs and HDLs. The increase in
      HDLs observed in group 1 subjects was associated with elevations in HDL2, whereas
      in group 2 subjects only very low amounts of HDL3 were observed on analytic
      ultracentrifugation. Mean plasma apolipoprotein B and C-II concentrations were
      increased in both groups; but apolipoprotein A-I and AII values were divergent,
      with group 1 subjects having elevated values,and group 2 subjects having
      decreases values. Mean postheparin hepatic lipase activity was decreased in both
      groups of patients with PBC due to the presence of an inhibitor in PBC plasma,
      while altered cholesterol esterification was only observed in group 2. These data
      indicate that hepatic lipase inhibition may play an important role in the
      pathogenesis of the lipoprotein abnormalities seen in early and intermediate PBC,
      and these abnormalities are then further modified by altered cholesterol
      esterification in advanced disease.

PMID- 4054520
TI  - Role of extrinsic and intrinsic nerves in the relationship between intestinal
      motility and transmural potential difference in the anesthetized ferret.
AB  - In the anesthetized ferret jejunum, the role of extrinsic and intrinsic nerves in
      the relationship between intestinal motor activity and transmural potential
      difference (PD) was studied. In the vagally intact ferret and after sympathetic
      blockade, spontaneous bursts of jejunal motor activity were associated with
      fluctuations in transmural PD. Both responses were abolished by vagotomy,
      atropine, and tetrodotoxin. Prolonged electrical stimulation of the cervical
      vagus nerve induced a cyclical motility pattern. Furthermore, there was an
      initial rise in transmural PD which then plateaued, and superimposed on this were
      fluctuations in transmural PD. Atropine abolished the phasic pattern of motor
      activity and the fluctuations in transmural PD, although the tonic increase in
      transmural PD was not blocked. The results indicate that nervous activity, either
      spontaneous or induced, must be present for the cyclic fluctuations in transmural
      PD and motility. However, fluctuations in transmural PD associated with
      intestinal motility are not directly dependent on an intact vagal or sympathetic
      supply and involve coordination with the enteric nervous system.

PMID- 4054521
TI  - Effect of ileal and intravenous infusions of fat emulsions on feeding and satiety
      in human volunteers.
AB  - The effect of ileal infusion of a lipid emulsion, containing 50% corn oil and 3%
      albumen, on food intake and satiety was measured in paired experiments carried
      out in 6 healthy volunteers. Subjects ate for shorter periods of time during
      ileal infusions of fat emulsion compared with control infusions of albumen and
      saline (25 +/- 1 vs. 32 +/- 3 min, mean +/- SEM) and consumed a smaller amount of
      food (670 +/- 23 g vs. 884 +/- 89 g) and energy (1016 +/- 79 kcal vs. 1591 +/-
      228 kcal). The quantity of liquid drunk and the rates of eating and drinking were
      not significantly affected by the infusion of fat emulsion. In a further series
      of experiments carried out in 5 normal volunteers, ileal infusion of corn oil
      emulsions delayed gastric emptying compared with ileal infusion of albumen and
      saline (t1/2 = 203 +/- 48 vs. 68 +/- 12 min, p less than 0.02). The possibility
      that the observed reductions in food intake were related to the effect of
      absorbed fat was investigated in 6 healthy volunteers during intravenous infusion
      of either fat emulsion or isosmotic saline. Food intake was not affected by
      intravenous infusion of lipid. Our results suggest that lipid may interact with
      ileal receptors to induce early satiety and reduce the amount of food consumed.
      The earlier inhibition of food intake during lipid infusion is perhaps best
      explained by early gastric distention caused by delayed gastric emptying, though
      the data would not exclude the release of an ileal mechanism, which has a direct
      action on the satiety centers.

PMID- 4054522
TI  - Transport of glycyl-L-proline by human intestinal brush border membrane vesicles.
AB  - This study characterizes the transport of [1-14C]glycyl-L-proline into purified
      brush border membrane vesicles prepared from human small intestine. Time-course
      uptake curves of glycyl-L-proline were similar under sodium thiocyanate or
      potassium thiocyanate gradient conditions (extravesicular greater than
      intravesicular) and did not show any overshoot phenomena. The transport of
      glycine and proline, however, was stimulated by the presence of sodium gradient.
      Measurement of peptide uptake with increasing medium osmolarity showed that
      glycyl-L-proline was transported into an osmotically reactive intravesicular
      space with insignificant binding to the surface of the vesicles. Only 2% of the
      glycyl-L-proline in the incubation media was hydrolyzed after 10 min of
      incubation. Also, there was no hydrolysis of peptide transported into the
      intravesicular space. The effects of increasing concentrations of glycyl-L
      proline on uptake showed that uptake of the peptide was saturable and conformed
      to Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km of 4.1 +/- 0.5 mM and a Vmax of 1.53 +/-
      0.07 nmol/mg protein X 0.5 min. Free amino acids did not inhibit the transport of
      glycyl-L-proline while dipeptides and tripeptides exerted appreciable inhibition
      (up to 60%). Our results show that human small intestinal brush border membrane
      vesicles transport glycyl-L-proline as an intact peptide by a carrier-mediated,
      Na+-independent process.

PMID- 4054523
TI  - Evidence for a growth-stimulating fraction in the rat proximal intestine after
      small bowel resection.
AB  - Small bowel resection results in a compensatory hyperplasia in the small
      intestine, but the molecular events that lead to the increased cell production
      are not known. In this study, a heat-stable acidic extract of the mucosa of the
      proximal intestine of Sprague-Dawley rats taken 96 h after a 50% small bowel
      resection was capable of stimulating DNA synthesis of mouse jejunal explants in
      organ culture. This stimulatory activity was present in the extracts obtained
      from resected animals after 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h, but was not detectable by 8
      days, when presumably a new steady state was established. A significant
      enhancement of DNA synthesis was observed 96 h after resection when compared with
      groups of normal and transected animals that were pair-fed with the resected
      group. This activity was destroyed by protease treatment. Gel filtration
      experiments showed that the growth-stimulating activity present in the mucosal
      extract of the 96-h resected animals was due to the presence of two distinct
      molecules with approximate molecular weights of 4500 and 1500. The extract did
      not stimulate DNA synthesis in rat peripheral blood lymphocytes, mouse skin
      fibroblasts, and the colon adenocarcinoma cell line, HCT-8R. Similar extracts
      taken 96 h after resection from the distal intestine, colon, pancreas, liver, and
      muscle did not stimulate DNA synthesis of the mouse jejunal explants. These data
      suggest that the two molecules in the proximal intestine in response to resection
      could play a role in promoting the observed hyperplasia.

PMID- 4054524
TI  - Effect of meal volume and energy density on the gastric emptying of
      carbohydrates.
AB  - Gastric test meals of Polycose, with volumes of 300, 400, and 600 ml and energy
      densities of 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, 1.3, 1.5, and 2.0 kcal/ml, were given to 21 men and
      recovered after 30, 60, or 120 min. Polycose, a polymer of glucose, was chosen as
      a soluble homolog of food. The results of 1134 Polycose meals were analyzed in
      terms of the rates of energy delivery to the duodenum. The rates of emptying in
      the initial 30 min were significantly greater than in either the 30-60- or 60-120
      min periods. Increases in either energy density or meal volume increased the rate
      of energy delivery in all time periods (p less than 0.001). The steady rate of
      energy delivery, which was evident after the initial 30 min, was correlated with
      increases in the initial meal volume and energy density, such that doubling the
      volume of meals from 300 to 600 ml increased the rate of emptying by a mean of
      0.72 kcal/min, whereas doubling the energy density of the meals from 0.7 to 1.3
      kcal/ml raised the rate of emptying by 0.62 kcal/min, with an overall mean rate
      of caloric emptying of 2.5 kcal/min. Thus, increases in either the initial
      volumes or the energy densities of the test meals significantly increased the
      rate of acceptance of energy by the duodenum.

PMID- 4054525
TI  - Barrett's esophagus in childhood.
AB  - This study describes the clinical, radiologic, esophageal function test,
      endoscopic, and histologic findings of Barrett's esophagus in 11 children aged 6
      14 yr. All had long-standing symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux, which had begun
      in the first year of life in 10 of the 11. Eight of the 11 patients had mid or
      upper esophageal strictures and 10 of the 11 required fundoplication. Most
      patients had low lower esophageal sphincter pressures and abnormal pH probe
      studies. Only 6 of the 11 children had the characteristic pink-red appearance of
      the mucosa at endoscopy. Fifty endoscopic biopsy specimens taken at multiple
      levels in the esophagus contained columnar-lined epithelium above the
      gastroesophageal junction. Five of the patients had specialized (intestinal-type)
      epithelium as part of the histologic spectrum. The clinical expression of
      Barrett's esophagus in children is similar to that in adults except that
      strictures appear to be more common in children, and the endoscopic appearance of
      the mucosa is not always typical in color. As in adults, gastroesophageal reflux
      appears to be the etiology. In children beyond infancy, Barrett's esophagus is
      the most common indication for antireflux surgery at our institution. Biopsy
      specimens should be taken from multiple levels in the esophagus to avoid
      overdiagnosis and to establish the diagnosis with certainty.

PMID- 4054526
TI  - Measurements of bile salt reflux are influenced by the method of collecting
      gastric juice.
AB  - Conventional gastric analysis by continuous aspiration and a marker technique
      that allows the stomach to retain its volume were compared with respect to the
      measured rates of gastric secretion and bile salt reflux in 10 fasting subjects.
      In marker technique studies, the stomach contained 35.7 +/- 3.3 ml (mean +/- SEM)
      and emptied at a rate of 4.1% +/- 0.4% per minute. Secretion rates of volume and
      acid were similar in studies using continuous aspiration and in marker technique
      studies. In contrast, the bile salt reflux rate was significantly higher when
      continuous aspiration was performed (0.89 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.38 +/- 0.06 mumol/min, p
      less than 0.01). Gastric bile salt concentrations were also higher (765 +/- 48
      vs. 366 +/- 67 mumol/L, p less than 0.01). This may be due to changes in the
      gastroduodenal pressure gradient induced by evacuating the stomach. It is
      concluded that measurements of bile salt reflux are influenced by the method of
      collecting gastric juice.

PMID- 4054527
TI  - Surveillance for colonic carcinoma in ulcerative colitis.
AB  - To evaluate the efficacy of surveillance colonoscopy with biopsy for the
      detection of high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or colonic carcinoma in patients with
      chronic ulcerative colitis, we undertook a retrospective review of 248 patients
      who underwent 370 examinations (mean duration of disease 12 yr). High-grade
      dysplasia or carcinoma was found in 24 examinations in 16 patients, with a mean
      duration of disease of 16 yr. There were 15 patients with HGD. Nine patients had
      HGD alone, 6 had HGD and carcinoma, and 1 had carcinoma without HGD. The overall
      incidence of HGD was 6%. Dysplasia-associated lesions or mass were the most
      consistent indicators of carcinoma, the combination being present in four
      instances. Of the 7 patients with cancer, 6 were recognized by colonoscopy, and 1
      patient with negative visual endoscopic findings was discovered using
      surveillance biopsies. The conclusions of this study are that dysplasia is a
      reliable histopathologic marker and correlates with the presence of cancer in
      chronic ulcerative colitis; the absence of dysplasia correlates with the absence
      of cancer. The presence of dysplasia-associated lesions or mass with HGD is the
      strongest indication for operation. This study supports the use of surveillance
      colonoscopy in managing high-risk ulcerative colitis patients.

PMID- 4054528
TI  - Gastric and duodenal fistulas in Crohn's disease.
AB  - We report gastric or duodenal fistulas in 6 patients with Crohn's colitis or
      ileocolitis. Two patients had duodenocolic fistulas, 1 had a duodenoileal
      fistula, 2 had gastrocolic fistulas, and 1 had gastric and duodenal fistulas from
      an ileocolic anastomosis. In each case the fistula originated from the lower
      bowel segment, and no patient in this series had primary gastroduodenal Crohn's
      disease. These cases illustrate the range of manifestations of fistulas to the
      stomach and duodenum in Crohn's disease, and emphasize that the predominant
      symptoms determining surgical intervention usually arise from the diseased ileum
      and colon, rather than from the fistula. Our experience demonstrates the
      simplicity and safety of excision of the fistula with primary closure of the
      stomach or duodenum when the stomach and duodenum are otherwise normal by
      endoscopic examination.

PMID- 4054529
TI  - Intrinsic factor-cobalamin accumulates in the ilea of mice treated with
      chloroquine.
AB  - Chloroquine, which interferes with the degradation of a number of transport
      proteins, impedes the exit of cobalamin from the small intestine of the mouse.
      This study was designed to determine if treatment with the drug led to the
      retention of cobalamin in the form of intrinsic factor-cobalamin in the ileal
      mucosa. Solubilized homogenates were prepared 2-4 h after an oral dose of
      [57Co]cobalamin and were examined by gel chromatography. There was a progressive
      transfer of [57Co]cobalamin from a protein identified as intrinsic factor to
      transcobalamin II in control mice. In chloroquine-treated mice, the major
      radioactive protein peak 2-4 h after an oral dose corresponded with the position
      of intrinsic factor. Only a small amount of the radioactivity was associated with
      transcobalamin. Cobalamin binding proteins were also identified by polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis and by their reaction with specific antibodies. It is
      concluded that chloroquine interferes with the release of cobalamin from
      intrinsic factor and thus slows the release of cobalamin from the intestine.

PMID- 4054530
TI  - Comparison of leukocytes obtained from the intestinal lumen of Giardia-infected
      immunocompetent mice and nude mice.
AB  - Previous studies have suggested that Giardia infections are cleared
      immunologically, but have not defined the mechanism of clearance. The aim of the
      present work was to compare subpopulations of leukocytes harvested from the
      intestinal lumen of immunocompetent BALB/c mice, which clear Giardia muris
      infection rapidly, with those of immunodeficient nude mice, which become
      chronically infected with Giardia muris. Leukocytes were obtained from the
      intestinal lumen of Giardia-infected mice, and subpopulations of these cells were
      quantified after immunofluorescent staining with monoclonal antibodies. Identical
      numbers of leukocytes were harvested from the intestinal lumen of Giardia
      infected immunocompetent mice and nude mice, but the number of these leukocytes
      bearing the T-lymphocyte antigen Thy-1.2 was smaller in nude mice than in
      immunocompetent mice. In contrast, no striking differences were observed between
      the numbers of luminal cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocytes or macrophages in
      Giardia-infected nude versus immunocompetent mice. The findings suggest that
      clearance of Giardia muris infection is not mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes
      or macrophages. Subsequently, T lymphocytes and T-lymphocyte subsets were
      quantified in cell suspensions prepared from Peyer's patches of immunocompetent
      BALB/c mice and nude mice. It was found that nude mice have a profound deficiency
      of Peyer's patch helper/inducer T lymphocytes. This deficiency may account for
      the inability of nude mice to clear Giardia muris infection at a normal rate.

PMID- 4054531
TI  - Cup cells: further structural characterization of the brush border and the
      suggestion that they may serve as an attachment site for an unidentified bacillus
      in guinea pig ileum.
AB  - We recognized a low incidence, spontaneously occurring colonization of guinea pig
      ilea by an unidentified strain of gram-negative bacteria. By thick section,
      bacteria were associated with 28% of cup cells but with only 0.4% of absorptive
      cells. Additionally, noncolonized guinea pig ileum was subsequently studied by a
      variety of morphologic techniques to further define the normal functional anatomy
      of cup cells. Cup cells have glycocalyces that are more extensive than those of
      absorptive cells. As judged by ruthenium red staining, cup cells are comparable
      to absorptive cells in the density of glycocalyceal anionic sites; thus cup cells
      would not be expected to bind negatively charged plasma membranes (like those of
      bacteria) simply on the basis of having diminished negative charge of the
      glycocalyx. Sequential studies of ileal loops exposed to cationized ferritin
      suggest cup cell microvilli are able to internalize small quantities of membrane
      bound molecules but, like absorptive cells, transport these substances to
      lysosomelike compartments. Finally, we show that cup cells, unlike absorptive
      cells, readily display morphologically detectable cholesterol on their
      microvillus membranes, even though it is likely that cup cell microvillus
      membranes are highly stabilized by underlying cytoskeleton as are those of
      absorptive cells, which label poorly for morphologically detectable cholesterol.
      These studies further define cup cell structure and suggest that these cells may
      represent preferential sites for attachment of at least some strains of bacilli.

PMID- 4054533
TI  - Brainstem tumor presenting as an upper gut motility disorder.
AB  - This case study of an adult with a medullary glioma documents the potential for
      brainstem lesions to present solely with symptoms of abnormal gastrointestinal
      motor function. The case illustrates the potential of manometric and
      scintigraphic techniques in confirming the presence of organic disease in
      patients with unexplained vomiting.

PMID- 4054532
TI  - Multiple hornet stings with features of Reye's syndrome.
AB  - Hornet's venom is known to possess a variety of toxic effects. A 19-mo-old girl
      who developed a Reye-like syndrome following multiple stings by the Oriental
      hornet (Vespa orientalis) is described. She presented with encephalopathy
      associated with hepatomegaly, elevated transaminase levels, low prothrombin time,
      and hyperammonemia. Liver biopsy demonstrated microvesicular fatty infiltration
      and diffuse mitochondrial changes. Additional features were acute renal tubular
      necrosis and massive hemolysis.

PMID- 4054534
TI  - Lipoprotein abnormalities in primary biliary cirrhosis: information concerning
      control of plasma high density lipoprotein levels.

PMID- 4054535
TI  - Extrahepatic hepadnavirus DNA: what does it mean?

PMID- 4054536
TI  - Pancreas divisum--curiosity or culprit?

PMID- 4054537
TI  - Antibacterial activity of the pancreatic fluid.

PMID- 4054538
TI  - Diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 4054539
TI  - [The cancer patient and his environment].
AB  - There are complex interacting factors at work both in the frequent social
      ostracism of cancer patients and in their self-imposed stigmatisation.
      Attribution of guilt and fantasies about the infectiousness of cancer are cited
      as examples of how the layman's concept of the disease often includes
      metaphorical elements. "Victimization" of the cancer patient on the part of a
      healthy person can often be interpreted as a defence mechanism in the process of
      the latter's coming to terms with his own fears and at the same time it may be
      due to unconscious justification of his tendency to keep distance. In view of the
      widespread tendency of people to behave insincerely and ambiguously towards
      cancer patients, it is shown how difficult it is for these patients to recognize
      any clear pattern in the reactions of others. This explains many of the
      conformist and defensive forms of behaviour adopted by cancer patients; however,
      such behaviour tends to reinforce isolation, rather than to dispel it. The
      feelings of cancer patients are frequently disregarded in medical institutions
      and this may take on the character of an "institutional defence"; this is a
      further reason why there are also many doctors (as well as laymen) who believe
      that they can do nothing to help overcome the psychosocial isolation of cancer
      patients.

PMID- 4054540
TI  - [Problems and limits of mammographic cancer diagnosis. Comparison of preoperative
      radiologic diagnosis with histologic findings in 335 patients with subcutaneous
      mastectomy].
AB  - Subcutaneous mastectomy was performed in 335 patients between 1974 and 1982. In
      265 of these, original mammographies were available which were analysed
      retrospectively and compared with the final histological finding of the
      subcutaneous mastectomy preparation. The rate of newly discovered non-invasive
      carcinomas in this was 11%, whereas the rate of invasive carcinomas was 8%.
      Radiological criteria: high degree of dysplasia, difficult assessment and
      mastopathy associated with large cysts, are associated with a significantly
      increased number of malignant histological findings. The radiological criteria of
      mastopathy, such as adenosis, fibrosis, indurating oedema of stroma, small-cyst
      mastopathy, as well as parenchymal patterns according to Wolfe, are not important
      with regard to our group of patients in respect of further selection of risk
      patients. Criteria of malignancy which are typical of carcinoma, are on the whole
      rarely recognised, because their assessment is often difficult. In patients with
      preceding carcinoma of the other breast, indication for subcutaneous mastectomy
      in case of "unclear" mammography has proved justified: In 4 out of 18 cases, a
      non-invasive or invasive carcinoma was found. Indication for primary subcutaneous
      mastectomy was too liberal in case mammography had been assessed as "benign", for
      the carcinoma rate was only 1/73. In radiologically "unclear" findings, the
      number of subsequently discovered non-invasive and invasive carcinomas was
      distinctly higher (in each case 6 out of 58). In such cases an attempt should be
      made to confirm preoperative diagnosis by means of additive measures before
      performing subcutaneous mastectomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4054541
TI  - [Locoregional breast cancer recurrence. Treatment following exclusively local
      therapy].
AB  - In 58 out of 515 patients with a primary carcinoma of the breast there was local
      regional recurrence. Treatment consisted in generous excision and local radiation
      (50-60 Gy). After a mean observation period of 65.4 +/- 22.2 months, distant
      metastasization was found to have occurred in 22 patients (37.9%). Of the other
      36 patients 23 (39.7%) had suffered no further recurrence at the end of this
      time, while 13 patients (22.4%) had a new local-regional recurrence. In a
      retrospective study a variety of parameters of prognosis were investigated in
      order to determine to their predictive value. It was found that there were
      significant differences in overall survival rates with tumors of histological
      differentiation stage I as compared to tumors of differentiation stages II and
      III (p = 0.003). There were no differences in the recurrence-free interval (p =
      0.34). The presence or respectively lack of steroid receptors in the primary
      tumor made no significant differences to the recurrence-free interval and the
      survival rates. Those of the patients on whom this study was based whose axillary
      nodal status was N+ had received (adjuvant) treatment with cytostatics. This
      resulted in no differences in the recurrence-free interval (p = 0.28) or the
      overall survival rates (p = 0.3) when the N+ and N- patients were compared. The
      therapeutic conclusion drawn from these results is that breast carcinoma patients
      with an exclusively local-regional recurrence should initially receive local
      treatment only; systemic therapy should be reserved for the generalization stage.

PMID- 4054542
TI  - [Cervical cancer despite prevention. Clinical and histomorphologic study of 255
      cervical cancers from 1974 to 1980 with regard to a 2d aggressively growing
      cancer type].
AB  - Historical data, histological parameters and follow-up findings were reviewed
      both in 75 "prophylaxis failures" and in 255 cases of clinical cervical carcinoma
      treated surgically (Wertheim's procedure); all of these cases were diagnosed
      between 1974 and 1980. In 29.5% of the patients preventive care or respectively
      gynaecological examination failed. The many and varied causes of errors are
      discussed. Neither the histological tumour type, nor the lymph-node metastasis
      rate, nor the frequency of recurrence, nor the mortality figures are indicative
      of a more aggressive type of tumour in the "prophylaxis failures". Mortality
      among the latter is 13.3%, as opposed to 15.3% in the entire patient collective,
      the lymph-node metastasis rate 25.3% as compared to 31.8% overall, and the
      recurrence rate 18.1% as compared to 18.8% overall. As expected, cases with
      obviously delayed diagnosis have the highest mortality rate, i.e., 25% as against
      15.3% overall. There is not a single case in which cancer can be shown to have
      developed without a preceding precancerous stage. It is suspected that mistakes
      made while obtaining smears are the principal cause of failure of prophylaxis,
      followed by errors of evaluation, in histology, and in therapeutic measures taken
      after histological confirmation of cervical neoplasm. These results do not in any
      way exclude an aggressive type of tumour in rare individual cases; however, the
      occurrence of such a tumour would be an exception.

PMID- 4054543
TI  - [Operative treatment of vulvar cancer].
AB  - The study reported in this paper was concerned with the problems and results of
      surgical treatment of invasive vulval carcinoma. Surgery was performed on 228
      patients, 101 of them (44.2%) with Stage III and Stage IV carcinoma. In 156 women
      radical vulvectomy was combined with pelvic and inguinal lymphadenectomy. Lymph
      node metastases were found postoperatively in 110 patients (48%). Thirty-six
      patients (32.7%) had lymph node metastases in the small pelvis. The operation
      coefficient was 82%; postoperative morbidity was 21.4%, postoperative mortality
      0.4%. Among the 228 patients operated on the 5-year survival rate was 59.2% (135
      patients), and the three-year survival rate 71% (163 patients).

PMID- 4054544
TI  - [Functional disorders of the lower urinary tract following a radical abdominal
      operation in cervical cancer].
AB  - 196 women underwent radical abdominal hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy
      for cervical cancer of the clinical stages Ib to IIb, at the University
      Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Graz during 1977 to 1982. 51 patients
      without recurring cancer and without subsequent radiotherapy were followed up for
      functional disturbances of the efferent urinary tract. The time interval between
      surgery and follow-up being 6 to 60 months. Follow-up examination consisted of
      palpation and, in addition, specific anamnesis based on a specially designed
      questionnaire, determination of residual urine, control of urine culture, and
      urodynamic measurement. Furthermore, urethro-cystoscopy and excretion urography
      were performed in all patients. 21.6% of the patients were completely free from
      complaints. In contrast, 78.4% of the women reported more or less pronounced
      signs and symptoms: first of all, delayed spontaneous micturition (78.4% of the
      cases), and, secondly, stress incontinence (58.8%) and a reduced desire to
      urinate (47.1%). Enhanced amounts of residual urine were measured in 35.3% of the
      women, whereas significant bacteriuria occurred in 31.4% of the women. Urodynamic
      measurement resulted in normal intravesical pressure values in 23 women (45.1%).
      On the other hand, hypotonic intravesical pressure was seen in 20 patients
      (39.2%) and hypertonic pressure in 8 women (15.7%). In all patients micturition
      was disturbed both in respect of urine flow and micturition time. 41 (80.4%)
      urethro-cystoscopic findings and 41 intravenous pyelography were in the normal
      range. The complaints reported by the patients were mostly not of special
      significance for them, since 34 women (66.6%) were greatly satisfied with their
      condition. The results are described in detail and are discussed.

PMID- 4054546
TI  - [Recurrent stress incontinence].
AB  - The results of urethrocystography in 193 patients with urodynamically and
      clinically confirmed recurrent incontinence were analyzed. Severe displacement of
      the vesical cervix and the proximal section of the urethra predisposes the
      patient to recurrent stress incontinence. The roentgenological findings
      (difference of over 30 mm in the distance between the vesical cervix and the
      ischium, outflow of contrast medium next to the catheter under stress with
      differential values between 20 and 40 mm, angle of inclination of the proximal
      urethra of over 45 degrees) are significantly more frequent in cases of recurrent
      stress incontinence than in cases of first occurrence (132 patients). Of the 193
      patients 164 (84%) had previously undergone a vaginal operation. In 60% of these
      164 patients the difference in the distance between the vesical cervix and the
      ischium was 30 mm or more under "resting" stress, and in a further 19% it was
      between 26 and 30 mm, often with outflow of contrast medium during "pressing".
      Stress incontinence has a damaging effect on the supporting apparatus of the
      urethra and the bladder, and also on the ureter and the kidneys. Ureteral
      drainage disorders and chronic pyelonephritis are the changes most commonly
      diagnosed in roentgenograms. No statistically significant differences between
      recurrent and first-time stress incontinence were found. Urethrocystographic
      findings facilitate selection of the surgical procedure. It appears possible to
      reduce the frequency of recurrence if preoperative roentgenological findings are
      taken into account.

PMID- 4054545
TI  - [Urologic complications following radiotherapy of cancers of the corpus uteri].
AB  - Patients with endometrial carcinomas who have undergone only radiation therapy
      represent a negative selection, because of the many concomitant diseases. In the
      author's group of 134 cases such patients were on average 7 years older than
      those who had undergone surgery. Even with computer-calculated opposing-field
      therapy with intracavity packing, radiation damage to the urinary tract must be
      expected. Of the 134 patients, 75 (55.9%) had pathologic urological findings
      following radiation therapy. The most commonly affected organ was the bladder
      (55.2%), followed by the kidneys (21.6%) and the ureter (7.5%). Radiation damage
      to the urethra could not be verified. The urological complications were hardly
      affected by the stage of the tumor, but considerably so by the time interval: the
      rate of urological complications was 68.9% higher after 5 years than after 1
      year. Therefore, accurate statements concerning urological complications
      following primary radiation therapy for endometrial carcinoma cannot be made
      until 5 years have elapsed.

PMID- 4054547
TI  - [Telemetric labor monitoring. Clinical aspects, cardiotocographic findings and
      acceptance of free mobilization in labor].
AB  - Telemetric signal transmission represents a suitable technical concept for
      combining free mobilisation with continuous electronic monitoring of birth. The
      obstetric aspect of telemetric birth monitoring is discussed on the basis of a
      clinical-statistical analysis: a group of 127 women in labour (64 primigravidae
      and 63 multigravidae) were examined and the specific effect of mobilisation on
      obstetrically relevant parameters was analysed. The results show the advantages
      of this method of birth management. Freedom of decision as regards choice of
      posture during birth, better subjective control and less painful labour, better
      birth mechanics, more effective labour, shorter duration of birth, better heart
      rate patterns, optimal exterior conditions and an active basic attitude of the
      woman in labour are the proven advantages of this method. The highly significant
      relationship between the degree of mobilisation and the duration of birth is
      emphasised as one of the most important results.

PMID- 4054548
TI  - [Bacterial colonization of the cervix and complications later in the course of
      pregnancy following cerclage].
AB  - In 107 patients undergoing cerclage operation, cervical bacterial flora was
      documented in a prospective study. Complications due to bacterial contamination
      were recorded. Postoperatively there was an increase in cervical bacteria, both
      in number and variety. The results were highly significant. The incidence of
      premature labor, premature rupture of membranes, puerperal and neonatal
      infections is higher than the level in our own institution and the overall level
      in Bavaria. Our results suggest that cerclage involves an increased risk of
      cervical contamination with subsequent complications during pregnancy, puerperium
      and newborn period.

PMID- 4054549
TI  - [German pelviscopy statistics 1978 to 1982].
AB  - The second statistics concerning pelviscopy in Germany included information about
      269603 pelviscopies done in 322 general hospitals and 22859 pelviscopies done in
      62 private clinics between 1978 and 1982. The participation of 38.7% for general
      hospitals and of 43.3% for private clinics may be explained by the fact that a
      major part of the participating clinics keep no detailed documentation on their
      operative procedures or cannot answer extensive questionnaires for lack of
      personnel. In general hospitals the rate of serious complications was 1.9% and in
      private clinics 2.0%. Injuries of large blood vessels topped the list of the
      complications (36.3% or 43.2%) (Bisler et al. 1980, Erkrath et al. 1979, Cognat
      et al. 1976, Mintz 1977). The rate of serious complications occurring in general
      hospitals and private clinics could certainly be lowered by intensifying the
      training in pelviscopic operation techniques (e.g. with the training phantom
      according to Semm) and by avoiding risky procedures like high frequency
      coagulation techniques in endoscopic operations. The predominant technique
      employed in tubal sterilisation was the bipolar high-frequency current method
      with 75% in general hospitals and 73.1% in private clinics, followed by the
      endocoagulation technique, according to Semm (36.8%). Sterilisation failures were
      reported in 2.6% or 2.5%. Most failures were reported after sterilisation by the
      bipolar high-frequency technique (3.9%) followed by clip technique (3.7%), and
      only very rarely in endocoagulation (1.1%). The rate of ectopic pregnancies
      following sterilisation was 1.06% = 40.6% of the total pregnancy rate after
      fallopian tube sterilisation or 0.68%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4054550
TI  - [Intrauterine homologous insemination as a trial treatment in oligo- and
      oligoasthenozoospermia].
AB  - Homologous insemination, a successful treatment for subfertile couples which
      utilizes a new method of preparation of the ejaculate, is described. To date 264
      intrauterine inseminations have been performed in 106 couples. Determination of
      the causes of infertility, timing of ovulation and new methods of sperm
      preparation are the most important factors responsible for the high rate of
      pregnancies. Up to now 23 of the patients treated have become pregnant (22.8%).
      On average, 2.5 inseminations per patient have been performed. These data
      represent a significant improvement on the often-used cap-method.

PMID- 4054551
TI  - [Liability of the physician in a legal but failed abortion for social reasons].

PMID- 4054552
TI  - [Training of young personnel--an urgent task of the blood service].

PMID- 4054553
TI  - [Splenic circulation in various diseases of the blood system].

PMID- 4054554
TI  - [Histomorphometry of structures of hematopoietic microenvironment of the iliac
      bone marrow].

PMID- 4054555
TI  - [Effect of blood donation on the level of physical activity of sportsmen].

PMID- 4054557
TI  - [Method of determining protein-cellular microaggregates in hemotransfusion media
      and a device for its conduction].

PMID- 4054556
TI  - [Use of the methods of simulation modeling in the management of blood supplies].

PMID- 4054558
TI  - [Obtaining leukocytes by the method of filtration leukapheresis].

PMID- 4054559
TI  - [Absence of an endogenous hyperheparinemia syndrome].

PMID- 4054560
TI  - [Effect of heparin on thrombocytic-vascular hemostasis].

PMID- 4054561
TI  - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome: its pathological anatomy and
      morphogenesis].

PMID- 4054562
TI  - [Importance of supermolecular formations circulating in the blood stream in
      maintaining the hemostatic potential].

PMID- 4054563
TI  - [Function of the thrombocyte component of hemostasis in patients following
      splenectomy and the reimplantation of spleen fragments].

PMID- 4054564
TI  - [Role of the antithrombin potential in recuperation during hemorrhage into the
      serous cavities].

PMID- 4054565
TI  - [Major eosinophilia in candidal stomatitis].

PMID- 4054566
TI  - [Diagnostic importance of transpharyngeal bone marrow puncture].

PMID- 4054567
TI  - [Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in the blood of patients with liver
      cirrhosis and iron-deficiency anemia].

PMID- 4054568
TI  - [Coagulating activity of lymph from the thoracic duct and other lymph
      collectors].

PMID- 4054569
TI  - [Correlation analysis of the interrelations of the rheological properties of the
      blood and transcapillary metabolic activity in acute blood loss].

PMID- 4054570
TI  - [Effect of a perfluoro-organic emulsion on bone marrow function in rats].

PMID- 4054571
TI  - [Dynamics of the accumulation and toxicity of molecules of medium mass in
      preserved blood].

PMID- 4054572
TI  - Effects of Quin-2, an intracellular Ca chelator, and TMB-8, an intracellular Ca
      antagonist, on the short-term desensitization to histamine in guinea pig taenia
      caecum.
AB  - The effects of Quin-2-acetoxylmethylester, an intracellular Ca ion chelator, and
      8-(N,N-diethylamino)-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate-HCl (TMB-8), an intracellular
      Ca antagonist, on short-term desensitization to histamine were tested in guinea
      pig taenia caecum. Desensitization was induced by incubating the muscle with 10(
      4) M histamine for 30 min and the recovery from the desensitization needed ca. 90
      min. Both Quin-2-acetoxylmethylester (50 microM for 120 min) and TMB-8 (5 microM
      for 20 min) suppressed the desensitization. Modes of action and structures of
      both agents are quite different but both may reduce the availability of
      intracellular Ca ion. It is possible that reduction of intracellular Ca ion
      suppressed the desensitization.

PMID- 4054573
TI  - Interference of pentobarbital and thiopental with the vascular contraction and
      noradrenaline release in human cerebral arteries.
AB  - Thiopental and pentobarbital induced dose-dependent vasodilations in human
      cerebral arteries previously contracted with noradrenaline (NA), serotonin (5-HT)
      and KCl. Preincubation with both barbiturates decreased the contractions evoked
      by the three agents. Pentobarbital and thiopental reduced the Ca2+-induced
      contractile effects in K+-depolarized arteries and 5-HT-Ca2+ and NA-Ca2+
      contractions dose-dependently. The tritium release evoked by K+ from these
      vessels prelabelled with [3H]NA was significantly reduced by both barbiturates at
      10(-3) M and by Ca2+ removal. These results indicate that pentobarbital and
      thiopental essentially produce a similar interference with Ca2+ influx inhibiting
      the contractile responses induced by the three vasoactive agents and the
      exocytotic NA release evoked by K+.

PMID- 4054574
TI  - Monosodium L-glutamate-induced convulsions--II. Changes in catecholamine
      concentrations in various brain areas of adult rats.
AB  - Norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) levels in various brain regions were
      measured in a model of experimentally produced convulsions by monosodium L
      glutamate (MSG) administration to adult rats. Stress by injection of all
      solutions produced a 60% decrease in NE level in forebrain, recovering its basal
      value at 15 min after injection. A significant reduction of brain NE and DA
      levels of MSG-injected animals was found in the preconvulsive stage, particularly
      in the forebrain. No significant variations in catecholamine levels were seen in
      brain stem and cerebellum as a result of MSG injection. It is suggested that the
      changes found in endogenous catecholamine concentration in the forebrain may play
      a physiological role in the mechanisms of production of convulsions in the MSG
      model.

PMID- 4054575
TI  - Analysis of mercury ions binding to the smooth muscle of guinea-pig taenia coli.
AB  - Mercury uptake to taenia coli increased with an increase of the Hg2+
      concentration (0.05-5 mmol/l). The Scatchard plots of mercury uptake showed that
      two qualitative Hg2+ binding sites (high and low affinity sites) exist in taenia
      coli. The Scatchard analysis of Hg2+ binding at 4 degrees C indicated a single
      class of binding site (high affinity binding site only). These results indicate
      that Hg2+ binds to high affinity binding sites of cell membrane and Hg2+ of low
      affinity binding sites may reflect intracellular accumulation in taenia coli.

PMID- 4054576
TI  - The effects of estradiol and progesterone on the concentration of striatal
      dopamine and tyramine in ovariectomized mice.
AB  - The concentration of homovanillic acid and p-tyramine in the female corpus
      striatum were increased after ovariectomy. The increases were reversed by chronic
      administration of estradiol benzoate and potentiated by progesterone. It is
      proposed that these changes are the consequence of concomitant variations in p
      tyrosine availability.

PMID- 4054577
TI  - Effects of acute ethanol intoxication combined with secobarbital abuse on
      hemostasis.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 0.5 ml of 46% ETOH, 2.8 mg/kg of
      secobarbital or 14.3 mg/kg secobarbital or combinations thereof. Twenty-four
      hours following treatment, blood clotting data was determined. The data indicated
      that either ethanol or secobarbital alone is just as detrimental to hemostasis as
      is the combined abuse of both. Likewise, a lesser concentration of alcohol was
      just as disruptive on hemostasis as was the greater concentration of ethanol.

PMID- 4054578
TI  - Effects of ethylenediamine on morphine analgesia and tolerance-dependence in
      mice.
AB  - Ethylenediamine, a GABA receptor agonist induced a small hyperalgesic state in
      mice, but increased morphine analgesia. The interaction with this morphine effect
      was not dose-dependent. Ethylenediamine significantly antagonized tolerance
      development at relatively low doses (5-10 mg/kg). The GABA mimetic agent
      increased the frequency of abstinence signs in the naloxone-precipitated morphine
      withdrawal in mice. The effect of ethylenediamine on morphine withdrawal was
      suppressed by the irreversible GABA transaminase inhibitor, gamma-vinyl GABA.

PMID- 4054579
TI  - A biochemical study of cholinergic-dopaminergic interactions in the central
      nervous system.
AB  - The effects of cholinergic (Ach) and anti-Ach drugs on striatal dopamine (DA)
      levels and turnover were studied. Treatment with both atropine sulfate and
      scopolamine hydrobromide increased striatal DA levels; scopolamine increased
      striatal DA turnover and decreased both striatal 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
      (DOPAC) levels and DOPAC/homovanillic acid (HVA) relation. Oxotremorine decreased
      striatal DA levels but did not change striatal DA turnover or DA metabolites.
      Changes in striatal DA levels or turnover were not observed after atropine methyl
      nitrate or physostigmine. The data show the Ach-DA interactions in the striatum.

PMID- 4054580
TI  - Similar metabolic response to acute ethanol intake in pregnant and non-pregnant
      rats either fed or fasted.
AB  - Plasma ethanol concentration 3 hr after its oral administration (3 g/kg body wt)
      did not differ in 20 day pregnant rats with virgin controls, and in both groups
      values were higher when studied after 24 hr fasted than when fed. In fed animals,
      blood glucose and liver glycogen concentrations were lower in pregnant than in
      virgin rats, whereas ethanol intake in both groups enhanced blood glucose levels,
      it reduced liver glycogen content only in virgins. In fetuses, maternal ethanol
      intake enhanced blood glucose levels. In fasted animals, ethanol intake decreased
      blood glucose levels in pregnant and virgin animals but did not affect these
      levels in fetuses. Ethanol intake enhanced beta-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate
      ratio similarly in blood of pregnant and virgin rats when either fed or fasted,
      and it produced the same change in fetuses from fasted mothers. Results indicate
      that the metabolic response to acute ethanol does not differ between pregnant and
      non-pregnant animals, and it is proposed that fetuses passively follow the
      metabolic changes occurring in their mothers after receiving ethanol.

PMID- 4054581
TI  - Effect of aminophylline on calcium transport across the rat diaphragm.
AB  - Calcium accumulation in muscle strips isolated from rat diaphragm reached steady
      state after 90 min with intracellular to extracellular ratio (IN/OUT) of 3.0.
      Calcium uptake by rat diaphragm is a saturable and carrier mediated process that
      is significantly enhanced in the presence of aminophylline in a dose-dependent
      pattern that produced maximal effect at 18.75 micrograms/ml. A Lineweaver-Burk
      plot shows Jmax = 25 microM/hr per g dry wt and Kt = 3.19 mM for the control, and
      Jmax = 26 microM/hr per g dry wt and Kt = 2.27 mM in the presence of 18.75
      micrograms/ml aminophylline. Aminophylline had no effect on cell volume and water
      of the diaphragmatic cells.

PMID- 4054583
TI  - Incidence of a circadian cycle of photosensitivity in the regulation of the
      annual testis cycle in the mink: a short-day mammal.
AB  - Like the birds or long-day mammals studied up until now the photoregulation of
      the annual testicular cycle in the mink, a short-day mammal, depends on phase
      relationships existing between the daily cycle of alternating period of light
      dark and the circadian cycle of photosensitivity. Our results show, however, that
      the characteristics of photoresponse in the mink are exactly the opposite of
      those of long-day animal species. For long-day species light has a stimulating
      effect on the central machinery of gonadotropic control (LH-RH) whereas in the
      mink, the secretion of gonadotropins is induced by short days. Interpreted
      according to this hypothesis, the sexual cycle of the mink under natural
      photoperiodic conditions is also explained by seasonal gonadotropic stimulation
      beginning after the autumn equinox when in our latitudes daily light duration is
      less than 12 hr. However, the end of the reproduction period which, in nature,
      seems to be the result of the inhibition of the gonadotropic function by long
      days could, in fact, be the result of a more complex mechanism. Different
      inhibiting mechanisms already shown in long-day animals could also be involved
      during this phase of the sexual cycle in the mink.

PMID- 4054582
TI  - Control of plasma angiotensin II in a bird with salt glands (Anas platyrhynchos).
AB  - A radioimmunoassay was developed for the measurement of avian angiotensin II
      (1Asp-5Val-AII) in the blood plasma. This assay was used to investigate the
      relationship between body fluid parameters and plasma levels of AII in the Pekin
      duck, an avian species employing salt glands, besides the kidneys, for NaCl
      excretion in case of chronic salt stress. A plasma AII concentration of 35.3 +/-
      3.9 pg X ml-1 (mean +/- SE) was found in normally hydrated, freshwater-adapted
      (FW) ducks with a plasma osmolality of 294.9 +/- 0.9 milliosmoles (mOsm) X kg-1.
      In saltwater-adapted (SW) ducks with a plasma osmolality of 312 +/- 1.5 mOsm X kg
      1 and functioning salt glands, a plasma AII level of 102.6 +/- 9.3 pg X ml-1 was
      found and plasma AII was positively correlated with plasma osmolality (r = 0.601;
      n = 47; 2P less than 0.001). Intravenous infusion of AII at different rates
      resulted in a strictly linear relationship between the log values of the AII
      plasma concentrations and the infusion rates, indicating a plasma clearance rate
      for AII of 119 ml X min-1 X kg-1 when taking into consideration endogenous AII
      formation. Experiments designed to produce physiological changes in body fluid
      and plasma volume and tonicity in FW and SW ducks by appropriate salt and/or
      water loading indicate that although both parameters may contribute to the
      control of plasma AII, volume is the dominant stimulus.

PMID- 4054584
TI  - Acute changes in plasma steroids and agonistic behavior in male Japanese quail.
AB  - A systematic analysis of the acute (minutes to hours) fluctuations of plasma
      steroids [androstenedione (A), 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone
      (T), corticosterone (B)] was investigated in relation to the fighting behavior
      displayed by experienced male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix) in short-term (2
      min) dyadic encounters. Plasma levels of hormones measured in competitors either
      1 hr before, during, or 3 min to 6 hr following a fight related poorly to either
      the attacking or nonattacking behavior displayed by opponents. However, transient
      fluctuations measured by the percentage change from prefight levels of plasma
      DHT, T, and B were identified in individuals following the onset of the fight.
      Winners demonstrated significantly greater percentage changes than did the losers
      at 3, 32, and 362 min for DHT and T and at 7 min for B. These differences in
      hormonal responses to the fight are attributed to the more aggressive behavior
      displayed by the victorious opponents (winners) over their defeated competitors
      (losers). Significance of these rapid changes is discussed in relation to the
      physiology and behavior of aggressive interactions.

PMID- 4054585
TI  - Circulating thyroid hormone concentrations in relation to seasonal events in the
      male Indian garden lizard, Calotes versicolor.
AB  - Circulating thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were estimated by RIA in
      plasma samples of Calotes versicolor collected over a period of 28 months.
      Monthly observations on seasonal events, viz., molting, whole body O2
      consumption, abdominal fat deposition, and testes weight were also made. Plasma
      T4 ranged from 0.16 to 4.63 ng/ml and T3 from 0 to 1.76 ng/ml during the course
      of the year. Peaks of T4 and T3 could be related with prehibernating
      (October/November) and posthibernating (March/April) periods, when scale shedding
      and O2 consumption were also enhanced. Maximum abdominal fat deposition was found
      in prehibernatory months (October/November). Thyroid hormone levels declined
      sharply with entry into hibernation. Abdominal fat deposits gradually decreased,
      being almost depleted by the end of hibernation. The gradual increase in thyroid
      hormone concentration in the later half of hibernation may be associated with
      increased lipolysis and preparation of the oncoming reproductive period. Although
      T4 and T3 profiles were apparently parallel, discrepancies were observed.
      Posthibernatory peak of T4 was maintained much longer than that of T3 which
      declined earlier. Also the rise in the prehibernatory T3 concentration was
      delayed as compared to that in T4.

PMID- 4054586
TI  - Identification of estradiol in the ovaries of the silkworm, Bombyx mori.
AB  - Estradiol was extracted and partially purified from the ovaries of the silkworm,
      Bombyx mori. Identification of estradiol was done by use of radioimmunoassay
      (RIA) and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after derivatization
      into the ethyldimethylsilyl derivative. Concentration of estradiol in the ovaries
      was estimated to be 176 pg/g (RIA) and 63 pg/g (GC-MS).

PMID- 4054587
TI  - Seasonal variations in spermatogenesis, testicular weights, vasa deferentia, and
      androgen levels in neotenic male tiger salamanders, Ambystoma tigrinum.
AB  - Significant seasonal changes were observed in spermatogenesis, testicular
      weights, vasa deferentia, and cloacal development as well as in plasma androgen
      levels (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone). Androgen levels were highest in
      the fall and lowest during the period of spermatogenesis. Low levels of androgens
      were also observed during the breeding season. Diameter of the vasa deferentia
      corresponded to presence of stored spermatozoa and not to plasma androgen levels.
      Testicular weights were independent of androgen levels and stage of
      spermatogenesis. Maximal testicular weight occurred at the onset of spermiation.
      Hypertrophy of the epithelial lining of the vasa deferentia and the condition of
      the cloacal gland complex were correlated closely to plasma androgen levels.
      Comparison of spermatogenetic events, androgen-dependent sex accessory
      structures, and plasma androgen levels suggests either differential release of
      pituitary gonadotropins on a seasonal basis or variable testicular responsiveness
      to gonadotropins.

PMID- 4054588
TI  - Pituitary control of metamorphosis in the southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria
      australis.
AB  - Partial hypophysectomy of pretransforming ammocoetes of the southern hemisphere
      lamprey, Geotria australis, shows that removal of the rostral pars distalis
      completely inhibits metamorphosis, whereas removal of the caudal pars distalis
      allows metamorphosis to begin but not to proceed to completion. Studies on the
      activity and identification of cell types within these two lobes of the pituitary
      of other species are related to this pituitary control over metamorphosis in
      lampreys.

PMID- 4054589
TI  - In vitro release of growth hormone from the pituitary gland of tilapia,
      Oreochromis mossambicus.
AB  - The release of growth hormone from the proximal pars distalis of the tilapia,
      Oreochromis mossambicus, was significantly stimulated by cortisol (1
      microgram/ml) in an in vitro system. Growth hormone released into the medium and
      remaining in the tissue was measured by densitometry after gel electrophoresis.
      Neither triiodothyronine (6.7 ng/ml) nor equimolar concentrations of thyroxin
      altered the release of growth hormone. In combination with cortisol,
      triiodothyronine did not alter the effect of cortisol alone.

PMID- 4054590
TI  - Genetic and environmental causes of variation in renal tubular handling of sodium
      and potassium: a twin study.
AB  - We have conducted a study of renal sodium and potassium reabsorption in 205 pairs
      of twins on freely chosen diets; 89 of the subjects were studied on more than one
      occasion. Renal tubular sodium and potassium handling, as measured by the
      fractional excretions FENa and FEK, show repeatable differences between
      individuals. Siblings (in this case monozygotic and dizygotic pairs of twins) are
      more alike in this respect than unrelated individuals. Comparison of monozygotic
      and dizygotic twin pairs indicates that genetic, rather than shared
      environmental, factors are probably responsible for this similarity, with
      heritability estimates of 0.5 for sodium and 0.6 for potassium. There are
      indications of sex differences in the sizes of the genetic and environmental
      effects for both variables and indications that the genetic effects may be
      qualitatively different for FEK. Such findings need further investigation.

PMID- 4054591
TI  - Multivariate path analysis of familial resemblance.
AB  - A method is presented for applying path analysis to general multivariate models
      of familial resemblance. In path models formulated using this approach, variables
      are defined as column vectors, path coefficients are defined as matrices of path
      coefficients, and correlations are defined as matrices of correlations. By
      applying a few simple rules for multivariate path analysis, general multivariate
      expected correlations can be derived from a path diagram which is essentially as
      simple as a univariate diagram and which can be used to analyze any number of
      variables. Multivariate expected correlations for three models of familial
      resemblance are derived, with particular attention given to the modeling of
      assortative mating: nuclear families with a phenotypic homogamy model of
      assortative mating, nuclear families with a social homogamy model of assortative
      mating, and twins and their parents with phenotypic homogamy. These models are
      applicable to many of the types of studies commonly undertaken in genetic
      epidemiology. The simplicity of the technique facilitates analyses of the
      etiology of variation and covariation among variables measured in such studies.

PMID- 4054592
TI  - Familial resemblance on the Thurstone Activity Scale, systolic blood pressure,
      and total cholesterol among first degree relatives of subjects with and without
      coronary heart disease.
AB  - An investigation of the pattern of familial resemblance of three different risk
      factors assessed in families of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients and
      controls is presented. The fathers of these families participated in the Western
      Collaborative Group Study that first established the type A/B behavior pattern as
      an independent risk factor for CHD. A recently developed methodology, the
      Structured Exploratory Data Analysis (SEDA), was implemented to examine parental
      interaction, parent-offspring closeness, asymmetries in transmission, and other
      differences in the pattern of familial similarities among family members of case
      and control subjects. The analysis performed revealed pronounced parent-child
      similarity for total serum cholesterol values in both case and control families;
      spouse closeness and parent-child resemblance for systolic blood pressure
      measurements only in control families; and sex asymmetries in the parent-child
      closeness on pace of activity, which also differed between case and control
      families. The results of this investigation underscore the value of examining the
      joint pattern of familial resemblance of a number of risk factors as a means for
      differentiating between cultural and biological factors affecting familial
      aggregation of CHD.

PMID- 4054593
TI  - Studies on vitiligo. I. Epidemiological profile in Calcutta, India.
AB  - An epidemiological profile of vitiligo in Calcutta is presented. Prevalence data
      were gathered from 15,685 individuals drawn from the general population; pedigree
      data were collected through 293 vitiligo patients. The overall prevalence of
      vitiligo is about 5 per 1,000 individuals. There are no significant sex or age
      differences in prevalence rates. About a 4.5-fold increase in prevalence is
      observed among close biological relatives of affected individuals. There is,
      however, no clearcut correspondence between relative risks and kinship
      coefficients. There are no significant differences in the frequencies of various
      types of vitiligo between probands with and without positive family history. The
      overall mean and modal ages of onset are about 22 years and 15 years,
      respectively. The mean ages among males (24.8 years) and females (19.3 years) are
      significantly different.

PMID- 4054594
TI  - A chi-square test to distinguish allelic association from other causes of
      phenotypic association between two loci.
AB  - In unrelated individuals, their phenotypes at two gene loci may appear
      correlated. The two major reasons for such a deviation from independence are
      linkage disequilibrium (allelic association) and an interaction between the
      phenotypes. In this paper, it is shown how the usual chi-square test for
      association of phenotypes can be partitioned into two components, one being due
      to allelic association and the other being due to other causes of phenotypic
      association. The test is demonstrated with an example.

PMID- 4054595
TI  - Resolving genetic models for the transmission of schizophrenia.
AB  - Although family studies have consistently reported elevated rates of
      schizophrenia among the relatives of schizophrenics, the exact nature of the
      transmission of the disorder remains uncertain. Genetic models hypothesized to
      explain the transmission of schizophrenia include the generalized single locus
      and multifactorial threshold models. Here we briefly describe these models and
      test their goodness-of-fit to a single data set on the pooled morbid risks of
      schizophrenia among the relatives of schizophrenic probands in nine different
      classes of relatives with five different degrees of genetic relatedness. The
      generalized single locus model is rejected, while a pure polygenic threshold
      model does fit the observed risks. Allowance for environmental sources of
      familial resemblance under the multifactorial threshold model significantly
      improved the fit of the model to the data. An application of the multifactorial
      model to family data on tuberculosis is also reported. For tuberculosis, a strong
      familial environmental but not genetic effect was found, consistent with the
      known infectious etiology of this condition, showing that the finding of a strong
      genetic effect upon schizophrenia is not a necessary bias of these methods of
      analysis. The implications of these results for the search for major gene effects
      in schizophrenia are discussed.

PMID- 4054596
TI  - Genetic and environmental influences on the size and number of cells in the
      blood.
AB  - The heritabilities of human blood cell characteristics were estimated in a study
      of 206 pairs of young adult twins, male and female. White cell numbers, indices
      related to circulating red cell mass (haemoglobin, red cell count, and
      haematocrit), and platelet numbers and size all appeared to be accounted for by
      genetic and nonshared environmental influences only. Mean cell volume (of the
      erythrocytes) appeared to be influenced by environmental factors shared by
      siblings as well as the other two sources of variation. Correlation between red
      cell count and haemoglobin is modulated by both genetic and environmental
      factors, but the negative correlation between red cell numbers and size is due
      mainly to genetic factors independent of those influencing haemoglobin. A
      significant negative correlation also exists between platelet numbers and size.
      In males, alcohol consumption increased mean cell volume, and genetic factors
      influencing alcohol consumption are partly responsible for the correlation
      between them.

PMID- 4054597
TI  - Efficiency of lod scores for representing multiple locus linkage data.
AB  - The problem of compact, fully efficient representation of multilocus data has not
      yet been solved. Lod scores can be used to map multilocus data, but because of
      certain statistical problems, this method loses some information. However,
      simulation studies show that for distances less than 10 or 20 cMo, where there is
      little danger of huge overestimates of distance, the lod score method yields
      estimators just as good as maximum likelihood (ML). Since short distances are the
      most important, the lod method is quite efficient. Its main drawback is
      misrepresentation of the likelihood under wrong gene orders. This problem can be
      ameliorated with a single multipoint calculation under each order. Thus,
      representation of multipoint data with lod scores can be very practical.

PMID- 4054598
TI  - Genetic epidemiology of breast cancer: a comment on heterogeneity.

PMID- 4054599
TI  - Genetic epidemiology of breast cancer: further clarification and a response to
      King and Elston.

PMID- 4054600
TI  - Proceedings of the Genetic Analysis Workshop held during the thirty-fifth annual
      meeting, American Society of Human Genetics. October 31, 1984, Toronto, Canada.

PMID- 4054601
TI  - The Collaborative Lipid Research Clinics Family Study: biological and cultural
      determinants of familial resemblance for plasma lipids and lipoproteins.
AB  - This paper reports on the biological and cultural determinants of total, LDL, and
      HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride (TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG) levels using a general
      linear model on randomly selected family data collected during 1975-1978 at nine
      North American Lipid Research Clinics. Initially, the analyses were clinic
      specific to assess the importance of genetic and cultural transmission, marital
      resemblance, and other determinants of these traits and then were made jointly to
      identify the nature and sources of any heterogeneity between clinics. There was
      evidence of significant genetic and cultural factors for all traits in most
      clinics. Clinic heterogeneity was also significant, but excluding one clinic
      reduced the heterogeneity considerably. The genetic (h2) and cultural (c2)
      heritabilities for the remaining eight clinics were homogeneous with pooled
      estimates of h2 of .556 +/- .028, .539 +/- .028, .485 +/- .029, and .358 +/-
      .028, and of c2 of .029 +/- .006, .033 +/- .006, .075 +/- .008, and .089 +/- .009
      for TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG, respectively. Among the traits, HDL-C exhibited the
      most difference among clinics, and both HDL-C and TG showed the largest cultural
      heritability. The relevance of these and similar studies in a broader
      understanding of the determinants of plasma lipids and lipoproteins is discussed.

PMID- 4054602
TI  - HLA antigens and acute rheumatic fever: evidence for a recessive susceptibility
      gene linked to HLA.
AB  - From 60 probands with acute rheumatic fever (ARF), 19 multiplex families
      segregating for ARF were ascertained. The parents and rheumatic and normal sibs
      of the probands in these 19 families were also studied. HLA typing using the
      microlymphocytotoxic assay was then performed on the 60 unrelated probands, the
      multiplex families, and 234 unrelated controls using 23 antigens from the HLA-A
      and -B loci. The controls lacked a past history of ARF and were from the same
      geographic locality. Calculations of relative risk demonstrate an increase of HLA
      B5 antigen in the 60 patients, but the result might not be significant from the
      point of view of multiple comparisons. Nevertheless, affected sib pairs from the
      multiplex families show 93% concordance for both or one HLA haplotype. A formal
      linkage analysis demonstrates that a recessive etiology is most likely (lod score
      of 3.3) with approximately 68% of cases being due to a gene closely linked to HLA
      and in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-B5. The remaining 32% of cases are due to
      other familial factors such as polygenic inheritance or common environmental
      factors. The results confirm a strong genetic predisposition to ARF and its
      heterogeneous nature in families.

PMID- 4054603
TI  - Segregation analysis of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and catechol-O
      methyltransferase (COMT): identification of major locus and polygenic components.
AB  - Enzymes of catecholamine metabolism, plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), and
      erythrocyte catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) were each previously shown to be
      transmitted as single codominant loci in a sample of approximately 30
      multigenerational families that were analyzed with the single major locus model.
      Here, both major locus and polygenic hypotheses are tested by applying the mixed
      model of analysis to the identical samples, after breaking the families into two
      generation units. For plasma DBH, the most parsimonious model is a dominant major
      locus (ie, high values dominant to low values) accounting for 41% of the variance
      and a polygenic component accounting for 25% of the variance. For erythrocyte
      COMT, the most parsimonious model is a dominant major locus accounting for 56% of
      the variance and a polygenic component accounting for 27% of the variance. The
      major locus for COMT has been supported by previous biochemical studies. The
      major locus for DBH is supported by the finding from our previous study of
      possible linkage to the ABO locus. Further biochemical and molecular genetic
      investigations are needed to better define the genetic loci determining the
      activity of these enzymes.

PMID- 4054604
TI  - The utility of Kohlberg's theory of moral development among adult probationers in
      a restitution field setting.
AB  - Probationers ordered to pay restitution were classified by Kohlberg's Stages of
      Moral Development in order to (a) identify background correlates of moral
      development; (b) explore the relation between moral development and restitution
      compliance; and (c) differentially identify facilitating circumstances of
      restitution. The research was conducted in Albuquerque, New Mexico, from 1978 to
      1980. Sixty-three probationers were interviewed and classified by moral
      development, I-level, and by ratings on relevant personality dimensions. Six
      month follow-up data were collected from probation records. The results revealed
      significant relationships (p less than .05) between moral development and
      ethnicity, education, occupation, income, prior fines, weapons possession,
      knowing the victim, I-level, responsibility, and empathy. In addition, high
      maturity offenders were more likely to reimburse their victims than were low
      maturity offenders. Finally, multivariate analysis revealed numerous
      circumstances of restitution that differentially impacted upon offenders'
      compliance with the terms of restitution.

PMID- 4054605
TI  - Infant temperament and noncompliant behavior at four years: a longitudinal study.
AB  - Noncompliant behavior in early childhood (i.e., exaggerated, but age-appropriate
      negativism) has been inadequately studied. This longitudinal study explores
      preschool temperament and maternal behavior as current correlates of negativistic
      behavior at age 4, and early maternal characteristics and infant temperament as
      etiological variables in the production of negativism. Longitudinal evidence was
      collected from 62 mother-child dyads, representative of all social classes. This
      evidence included home observations of maternal and child behavior at 4 years, a
      temperament questionnaire at 4 years, a questionnaire about infant temperament,
      and observational and interview measures at various stages from birth to 3 years,
      of infant behavior and maternal characteristics. The findings suggest that infant
      and childhood temperament (especially the degree of infant fussiness) are highly
      predictive of physical noncompliance, and that physical noncompliance is
      unrelated to maternal or demographic variables. A combination of maternal
      variables including warmth, closeness, and verbal directiveness, both positive
      and negative, as well as child variables, predict verbal noncompliance.
      Demographic variables, temperament, and maternal attitudes predict passive
      noncompliance. Noncompliance is viewed as a complex phenomenon in which
      constitutional and environmental variables interact.

PMID- 4054606
TI  - Isolation and genetic analysis of mutations at the SerH immobilization antigen
      locus of Tetrahymena thermophila.
AB  - Multiple alleles at the SerH locus specify the major cell surface protein
      (immobilization antigen) of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. Following
      mutagenesis of SerH1 homozygotes, two mutations, H1-1 and H1-2, were recovered in
      heterozygous form. Mutant homozygotes do not express H1 antigen, nor is H1
      expressed in F1 progeny of crosses to wild-type strains homozygous for SerH2 or
      SerH3. H1-1 and H1-2 segregate without recombination from these wild-type alleles
      in expected F2 and testcross Mendelian ratios. H1-1 and H1-2 do, however,
      complement each other to express H1 antigen. Experiments suggest this
      complementation is due neither to recombination during macronuclear development
      nor to interallelic complementation of defective SerH1 gene products. These
      results suggest that SerH1 is intact in one mutant, and possibly both, although
      no such allele has been segregated in testcross progeny (N = 205). The hypothesis
      is presented that complementation between H1-1 and H1-2 is due to interaction
      between allele-specific regulators closely linked to the SerH1 gene.

PMID- 4054607
TI  - Genetic analysis of mating locus linked mutations in Chlamydomonas reinhardii.
AB  - The mating-type (mt) locus of Chlamydomonas reinhardii has been analyzed using
      four mutant strains (imp-1, imp-10, imp-11 and imp-12). All have been shown, or
      are shown here, to carry mutations linked to either the plus (mt+) or the minus
      (mt-) locus, and their behavior in complementation tests has allowed us to define
      several distinct functions for each locus. Specifically, we propose that the mt+
      locus contains the following genes or regulatory elements: a locus designated
      sfu, which is necessary for sexual fusion between gametes; a locus designated upp
      (uniparental plus), which controls aspects of chloroplast gene inheritance and
      perhaps also zygote maturation; and a locus designated sad, which functions in
      sexual adhesion. The mt- locus also contains a sad locus as well as a gene or
      regulatory element designated mid, which is necessary for the minus dominance in
      mt+/mt- diploids.

PMID- 4054609
TI  - Genetics of mandible form in the mouse.
AB  - The underlying determination of phenotypic variability and covariability is
      described for 14 traits that define the morphological size and shape of the
      mature mouse mandible. Variability is partitioned into components due to direct
      additive and dominance genetic effects, indirect maternal additive genetic
      effects, genetic covariance between direct additive and indirect maternal
      additive effects and common and residual environmental effects. Multivariate
      analyses of the dimensionality of genetic variability indicate several complex
      and independent genetic components underlie the morphological form of the
      mandible. The multidimensional nature of the genetic components suggests a
      complex picture with regard to the consequences of selection on mandibular form.

PMID- 4054608
TI  - Natural selection vs. random drift: evidence from temporal variation in allele
      frequencies in nature.
AB  - We have obtained monthly samples of two species, Drosophila pseudoobscura and
      Drosophila persimilis, in a natural population from Napa County, California. In
      each species, about 300 genes have been assayed by electrophoresis for each of
      seven enzyme loci in each monthly sample from March 1972 to June 1975. Using
      statistical methods developed for the purpose, we have examined whether the
      allele frequencies at different loci vary in a correlated fashion. The methods
      used do not detect natural selection when it is deterministic (e.g.,
      overdominance or directional selection), but only when alleles at different loci
      vary simultaneously in response to the same environmental variations. Moreover,
      only relatively large fitness differences (of the order of 15%) are detectable.
      We have found strong evidence of correlated allele frequency variation in 13-20%
      of the cases examined. We interpret this as evidence that natural selection plays
      a major role in the evolution of protein polymorphisms in nature.

PMID- 4054610
TI  - Genetic analysis of size-scaling patterns in the mouse mandible.
AB  - The relationship between multidimensional form of the adult mouse mandible and
      body size is examined from an ontogenetic perspective. The origin and ontogeny of
      phenotypic correlations are described in terms of genetic and environmental
      covariance patterns between adult skeletal morphology and growth in body weight.
      Different ontogenetic patterns are observed in the genetic correlations, and
      these can be related to the developmental as well as the functional aspects of
      mandibular form. The quantitative genetic aspects of craniomandibular growth and
      morphogenesis are explored, together with an examination of the impact of
      ontogenetic changes in the genetic variance-covariance structure on morphogenetic
      integration and evolution by selection.

PMID- 4054611
TI  - Deleterious mutations as an evolutionary factor. II. Facultative apomixis and
      selfing.
AB  - A population with u deleterious mutations per genome per generation is considered
      in which only those individuals that carry less than a critical number k of
      mutations are viable. Besides a large number of loci subject to mutation and
      selection, the genome contains one or two special loci responsible for the mode
      of reproduction. Amphimixis vs. apomixis and amphimixis vs. selfing are
      considered separately. In the first case, the genome degradation rate v (=
      u/square root k) is found to play the decisive role, as in the case of
      recombination. When v greater than 1.25, obligate amphimixis is established. If v
      decreases below this value, the alleles with first low and then larger penetrance
      are fixed, until alleles conferring obligate asexual reproduction become
      advantageous. The proportion of resources allocated to produce seeds also
      increases with decrease of v. These results are unlikely to depend on the genetic
      basis of the mode of reproduction. The result of competition between outcrossing
      and selfing depends on both u and k, as well as on whether the mutations are
      recessive. The alleles for selfing with low penetrance are selected against if
      the mutations are at all recessive. The fitness of alleles with high penetrance
      depends primarily on u, decreasing when u increases. There may exist conditions
      when only the alleles providing intermediate selfing rates can be fixed in a
      population. In other cases a population may exist with either obligate
      outcrossing or selfing at a high rate. Thus, truncation selection against
      deleterious mutations may be a factor supporting obligate or facultative sex
      despite the twofold advantage of apomixis or selfing.

PMID- 4054612
TI  - Population bottlenecks and nonequilibrium models in population genetics. II.
      Number of alleles in a small population that was formed by a recent bottleneck.
AB  - A model is presented in which a large population in mutation/drift equilibrium
      undergoes a severe restriction in size and subsequently remains at the small
      size. The rate of loss of genetic variability has been studied. Allelic loss
      occurs more rapidly than loss of genic heterozygosity. Rare alleles are lost
      especially rapidly. The result is a transient deficiency in the total number of
      alleles observed in samples taken from the reduced population when compared with
      the number expected in a sample from a steady-state population having the same
      observed heterozygosity. Alternatively, the population can be considered to
      possess excess gene diversity if the number of alleles is used as the statistical
      estimator of mutation rate. The deficit in allele number arises principally from
      a lack of those alleles that are expected to appear only once or twice in the
      sample. The magnitude of the allelic deficiency is less, however, than the excess
      that an earlier study predicted to follow a rapid population expansion. This
      suggests that populations that have undergone a single bottleneck event, followed
      by rapid population growth, should have an apparent excess number of alleles,
      given the observed level of genic heterozygosity and provided that the bottleneck
      has not occurred very recently. Conversely, such populations will be deficient
      for observed heterozygosity if allele number is used as the sufficient statistic
      for the estimation of 4Nev. Populations that have undergone very recent
      restrictions in size should show the opposite tendencies.

PMID- 4054613
TI  - Population bottlenecks and nonequilibrium models in population genetics. III.
      Genic homozygosity in populations which experience periodic bottlenecks.
AB  - The amount of variability in a population that experiences repeated restrictions
      in population size has been calculated. The restrictions in size occur cyclically
      with a fixed cycle length. Analytical formulas for describing the gene identity
      at any specific time in the expanded and restricted phases of the cycle, and for
      the average and second moment of the gene identity, have been derived. It is
      shown that the level of genetic diversity depends critically on the two
      parameters that account for the population size, mutation rate and the time of
      duration for each of the two phases in the cycle. If one or both of these
      composite parameters are small, the gene diversity will be much reduced, and
      population gene diversity will then be predictable from knowledge of the harmonic
      mean population size over the entire cycle. If these parameters take on
      intermediate values, diversity changes constantly during the cycle, fluctuating
      steadily from a high to a low value and back again. If these parameters are
      large, gene diversity will fluctuate rapidly between extreme values and will stay
      at the extremes for long periods of time.

PMID- 4054614
TI  - [Specificity of replicating instability in Schizosaccharomyces pombe haploid
      yeasts].
AB  - UV-induced genetic instability in haploid Schizosaccharomyces pombe does not
      appear to be very locus-specific. This conclusion contradicts the data previously
      published by other authors. The possible causes for this discrepancy are
      discussed.

PMID- 4054615
TI  - [Mutagens and the tumor promoter].
AB  - We studied the effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and saccharin
      on the frequency of induced mutations of resistance to 6-mercaptopurine and
      ouabain in Chinese hamster and mouse cells. UV-rays, bovine adenovirus-3 (BAV-3)
      and 5-bromdeoxyuridine (BrdU) were used as mutagens. In the case of BAV-3 and
      BrdU, we investigated, apart from the mutagenic effect, the tumor-inducing
      activity of these mutagens in mice, BrdU proved to have no carcinogenic effect.
      The data about the influence of TPA on the mutagenic effect of the three
      different mutagens indicate that TPA increases the frequency of the gene
      mutations induced by UV-rays and BAV-3. The results of the study of BrdU and TPA
      combined action revealed the fact that TPA does not increase the mutagenic effect
      of BrdU. We demonstrated that saccharin also possesses the promoter activity; it
      increases the mutagenic effect of BAV-3. The results described above lead to the
      assumption that TPA influence on the mutagenic effect only takes place when
      carcinogenic mutagens are used.

PMID- 4054616
TI  - [Cytogenetic consequences of hyperbaric oxygenation in the sequence of cell
      cycles of human peripheral blood lymphocytes].
AB  - High pressure of oxygen induces chromosomal rearrangements in metaphases of human
      peripherical blood cells treated in vitro. An increase in the percentage of
      rearrangements was detected in the third mitosis, due mainly to chromatid breaks.
      The data of cytogenetical analysis of lymphocytes of human blood treated in vivo
      at 3 ata for 30 min are presented. A differential character of distribution
      spectrum of chromosomal aberrations induced after in vivo and in vitro treatment
      was noted. Some unusual alterations in chromosome morphology are described,
      namely, solid, not stained clear lense-like bodies surrounded by chromatin and
      localised in the long arm of chromatids.

PMID- 4054617
TI  - [Hereditary polymorphism of the secretion of ABH antigens in the Khoton
      population (Mongolian People's Republic)].
AB  - The secretory status of ABH antigens is studied in khotons (N = 69), inhabitants
      of North-West of MPR. The proportion of nonsecretory ABH antigens was 14.49%, the
      frequency of recessive gene being qse = 3807. The results confirm the historical
      evidence concerning the contribution of different peoples of Central and Middle
      Asia (uzbeks, uigurs) to the ethnogenesis of the khotons. The position of the
      khoton population on the genogeographical map of ABH secretion corresponds to
      that which was earlier predicted by the method of interpolation.

PMID- 4054618
TI  - [Genetic structure of the populations of native inhabitants of the northeastern
      USSR. IV. The Koryaks of Kamchatka].
AB  - Genetic structure of four Kamchatka subpopulations (675 individuals) was
      estimated for 25 erytrocyte and serum systems, some blood groups and for taste
      sensitivity to PTC. 23 of 38 loci examined are completely monomorphic. These are:
      AK, Ca-1, Cat, Dia, Est1-4, GOT, G-6-PD, LDH A and B, MDH, PGM2, SoD, Hb alpha
      and beta, ChE1, Lap, Alb, Cp, Tf, Rh. Following allele frequencies were found for
      polymorphic loci: AcPA = = 0.616; AcPB = 0.383; AcPC = 0.0015; EsD1 = 0.882; GLO 
      I1 = 0.156; GPT1 = 0.611; PGDA = = 0.959; PGM1(1) = 0.953; ChE2+ = 0.039; Gc1 =
      0.888; Hp1 = 0.173; r(0) = 0.620; P(A) = 0.201; q(B) = 0.179; le = 0.192; M =
      0.397; P1+ = 0.585; t = 0.371. According to monomorphic and polymorphic loci set,
      Kamchatka Koryaks are rather similar to other ethnic North-East Asiatic groups,
      being the most approximate to Reindeer Chuckchies and the most remote from
      Alaskan and Asiatic Eskimos. In other words, the extent of genetic differences
      between Kamchatka Koryaks and North-East populations corresponds to the
      geographic distribution and the degree of ecological differences in these
      populations. Analysis of interpopulation heterogeneity permitted to reveal the
      extent of contribution of individual loci to "differentiation" of North-East
      ethnic groups. The possible influence of ecological factors on interpopulation
      and intersubpopulation heterogeneity of the loci analysed is discussed.

PMID- 4054619
TI  - [Principle of plotting the age distribution of persons with hereditary diseases
      at various ages of onset and differential mortality].
AB  - A method for ascertaining the mode of current age distributions is suggested for
      accurate quantitative assessment of some genetic parameters of hereditary
      diseases, such as age-specific penetrance, frequency of heterozygotes in the
      general population, fitness. The method is based on estimating the age-specific
      proportion of affected among the total number of heterozygotes, which seems more
      reasonable than the common methodology, considering the age-specific proportion
      of affected among all cases of the disease indicated.

PMID- 4054620
TI  - Tuberculosis epidemiological situation in the world and in Hungary (1882-1982).
AB  - The centenary of the discovery of the tuberc bacillus (Koch-centenary) threw
      light on the unsolved problems of the epidemiology of tuberculosis in the world.
      Despite of the definitively significant progress made since the turn of the
      century the world-wide elimination and eradication of tuberculosis is not yet
      accomplished. Deficiencies in the fight against tuberculosis in the developing
      countries which represent two-third of the world play firstly a role in it. The
      number of new tuberculosis cases keeps being about 5.000 yearly in Hungary thus
      the present programme requires modification. An increased fight against
      tuberculosis on a global scale may be successful only with international
      collaboration and with higher rate of financial support provided by the highly
      developed industrial countries.

PMID- 4054621
TI  - Limitations of using medical records for the spatial analysis of health problems
      in Nigeria.
AB  - The objective of the paper is to examine the methods of keeping medical records
      in medical institutions in Nigeria and the limitations of present practices of
      record keeping to the study of various aspects of the spatial pattern of health
      problems in the country. There are suggestions of the type of additional
      information to be recorded about patients and methods of storage so that records
      at our health institutions can be more useful in understanding the health
      problems and needs of the country.

PMID- 4054622
TI  - The geopathological significance of drinking water on the Great Hungarian Plain.
AB  - The author has stated that the teeth of the population of a village on the Great
      Hungarian Plain were much better in the last century than now concerning the
      quality of teeth. The water supply of the village has changed by the turn of the
      century, as the population began to drink the water of deep wells instead of that
      of the superficial ones. The relation between the decay of teeth and the change
      in the quality of drinking water could be detected on the basis of the chemical
      analysis of the water. The water of the last century contained much more fluoride
      than the water used at present. It must be pointed out that the change in the
      quality of drinking water was much more favourable from the point of view of
      epidemiology.

PMID- 4054623
TI  - Railway and environment.

PMID- 4054624
TI  - Medical geography of renal lithiasis.

PMID- 4054625
TI  - The role of natural and anthropogenic factors in the spreading of man's diseases.

PMID- 4054626
TI  - Epidemiologic approach to the biology of human life span.
AB  - The present work suggests a new, epidemiologic approach to the study of the
      biological mechanisms determining human life span. The proposed approach is based
      on revealing the biological component of human mortality with a subsequent
      analysis of its regional and sex variability. The biological component of
      mortality is defined as a component which is age-dependent, but historically
      stable with respect to socio-economic transformations. It has been shown that the
      Gompertz function elaborated in the Gompertz-Makeham Law known since 1860 can
      serve as the biological component. The Gompertz function values, being
      historically stable. For the first time ever, biological mortality maps have been
      drawn for the male and female population of Europe. Possible mechanisms of these
      regional and sex-related biological distinctions are likewise considered.

PMID- 4054627
TI  - Brainstorming: an application for programme planning in family welfare planning.
AB  - There have been many participatory devices developed and applied for programme
      planning in a variety of fields by the social scientists in the recent past, of
      which brainstorming is one. This device has been widely used in interpretive
      structural modelling to higher education programme planning, programme planning
      for housing in urban development, etc. Following these studies, application of
      brainstorming to develop a preliminary operational value system as a structural
      model for programme planning in Family planning was attempted. The products of a
      sequence of three sessions of approximately 5 hours each generated 39 needs, 28
      alterables, and 22 constraints, all of which were used to set Family Planning
      objectives /34/. The objectives thus derived were used in building an intent
      structure to understand their priorities in plan formulation and eventual
      implementation.

PMID- 4054628
TI  - Planning for a comprehensive health care system; a case of Papanasam Taluk.

PMID- 4054629
TI  - Structure of the chromosomal gene for human serum prealbumin.
AB  - The human prealbumin gene has been cloned and its complete nucleotide sequence
      determined. The gene has a size of about 6.9 kb and is composed of four exons and
      three introns. Two Alu family sequences having opposing polarity were found in
      introns. In the 5'-flanking region, we found two overlapping sequences which have
      extensive homology to the glucocorticoid-responsive element. Three sequences
      identical with the enhancer core sequence were identified in introns and the 3'
      flanking region. Unusual tandem repeats of a sequence, TTTTG, were also found in
      the 5'-flanking region and introns.

PMID- 4054630
TI  - A genetic enrichment for mutations constructed by oligodeoxynucleotide-directed
      mutagenesis.
AB  - A genetic enrichment procedure for mutations constructed by
      oligodeoxynucleotide(oligo)-directed mutagenesis of DNA cloned in M13mp vectors
      is described. The procedure uses an M13 vector that contains the cloned target
      DNA and amber (am) mutations within the phage genes I and II. This vector cannot
      replicate in a suppressor-free (sup degrees) bacterial strain. A gapped
      heteroduplex is formed by annealing portions of a complementary (-)strand
      containing wild-type copies of genes I and II to the am-containing template
      (+)strand. The oligo is annealed to the single-stranded (ss) region and the
      remaining gaps and nicks are repaired enzymatically to form a closed circular
      heteroduplex structure. By transfecting the DNA into a sup degrees host we
      promote the propagation of heteroduplexes with the oligo-containing (-)strand
      since only this construction contains the wild-type copies of genes I and II.
      This procedure eliminates the need for any physical separation of the covalently
      closed circular DNA that contains the oligo from the ss template. Using this
      technique we have constructed 17 point mutations with mutation frequencies
      ranging from 2-20% for single base changes and from 0.3-9% for multiple base
      changes. In addition, we found that the mutation frequencies were affected by the
      state of DNA methylation in the (+) and (-)strands.

PMID- 4054631
TI  - Use of the newer agents for antibiotic-resistant infection: Harold C. Neu, MD.
      Interview by Richard L. Peck.

PMID- 4054632
TI  - Estrogen replacement therapy: current thinking and practice.
AB  - Radiographic evaluation of the skeleton is not needed to assess need for hormone
      replacement. No available method (including CT and dual photon absorptiometry)
      can predict osteoporosis. Because patients prone to osteoporosis cannot be
      preselected, all women should be considered probable victims. To avoid excess
      bone mineral loss, estrogens should begin soon after the diagnosis of menopause
      in women who do not have contraindications, regardless of symptoms.

PMID- 4054633
TI  - Headaches in older patients: Ddx and Tx of common nonvascular causes.
AB  - From this and the previous article, the following points may be offered in
      summary: When comparing the elderly age group with the general population, the
      incidence of migraine headaches decreases with age, whereas other etiologies such
      as glaucoma, temporal arteritis, and cerebrovascular disease may assume a more
      prominent role in the differential diagnosis. Patients in the geriatric
      population are frequently taking a multitude of medications, and it is extremely
      important to carefully evaluate these for possible precipitants of headache.
      Furthermore, in elderly patients with other potential medical problems,
      particular attention should be paid to the possibility of various systemic causes
      of headache. Therapy for specific headache disorders should be tailored to the
      individual patient. Consider the patient's overall general, psychological,
      medical, and neurologic background. The physician must be aware of possible
      interactions of medications with the therapeutic intervention, as well as
      possible poor tolerance to specific medications due to preexisting medical or
      neurologic disorders. A complete history, obtaining information on the temporal
      pattern of headache, the distribution of pain, and precipitating and alleviating
      factors, is extremely important in evaluating the elderly patient. A careful
      physical examination, paying particular attention to possible disorders of
      extracranial structures, is indicated. A neurologic exam, including basic tests
      of higher cortical function, should be obtained. Important additional laboratory
      investigations include a complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate,
      and basic blood chemistries. Arterial blood gases should be obtained in patients
      who have pulmonary disease, a history suggestive of sleep apnea, or other
      disorders that may produce hypoxia and hypercarbia, resulting in vascular
      headache.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4054634
TI  - ST segment and T wave abnormalities.
AB  - ST segment and T wave changes are the most common ECG abnormalities.
      Interpretation must be correlated with other clinical and laboratory information
      to avoid overestimating or underestimating their significance. Classic causes
      include left ventricular hypertrophy, digitalis glycosides, and ischemic heart
      disease. Notched or bifid T waves have been reported in a variety of syndromes.
      In the geriatric population, they are most commonly associated with psychoactive
      drugs or CNS disorders.

PMID- 4054635
TI  - Pulmonary function: do your older patients measure up?
AB  - Low-cost, accurate, easy-to-use portable spirometry equipment can be set up in a
      small space in the physician's office. Measurements are taken and recorded in
      only a few minutes and can be used to compare with predicted values based on age,
      sex, and height. Generally, values less than 80% of the predicted values are
      abnormal.

PMID- 4054636
TI  - Glucose phosphate isomerase activity in C57BL/6 and a mice of different ages.
AB  - Glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) enzyme activity was measured in two strains of
      mice, A/HeNNial (Gpi-1a) and C57BL/6NNia1 (Gpi-1b). Seven solid tissues (muscle,
      brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, spleen) and three cell types (peripheral blood
      lymphocytes, spleen lymphocytes, erythrocytes) were analyzed for GPI activity in
      mice from 6 to 36 months of age. No major changes in enzyme activity with age
      were found. The most striking observation was that A/HeNNial mice showed a
      significantly higher GPI activity than C57BL/6NNia1 mice in four of the solid
      tissues (muscle, heart, kidney, spleen) and two of the cell types (peripheral
      blood lymphocytes, erythrocytes) analyzed.

PMID- 4054637
TI  - Relationship between numbers of cortical argentophilic and congophilic senile
      plaques in the brains of elderly people with and without senile dementia of
      Alzheimer type.
AB  - Four neocortical regions (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital) of 44 cases
      were impregnated by a silver stain to show neuritic plaques and stained with
      Congo red to show amyloid plaques. In 11 cases with large numbers of
      argentophilic plaques these plaques decreased significantly with age while the
      reverse appeared to be true for the congophilic plaques. In the remaining 34
      cases which had few argentophilic plaques the numbers of congophilic plaques
      increased significantly with age in the parietal and occipital regions. These
      results suggest that the neuritic component of senile plaques precedes the
      amyloid cores in their pathogenesis although a causative relationship is not
      implied.

PMID- 4054638
TI  - Social implications of multiple pathology.
AB  - The degree of multiple pathology in 184 consecutive patients admitted to a
      geriatric unit was recorded using the 13 commonest conditions present at the time
      of admission to provide a standard group of disorders for comparison. All of the
      conditions were chronic in nature, and 35% of the patients had a combination of
      four or more of these present. Multiple pathology was associated with poor
      prognosis in terms of mortality and the need for long-term institutional care.
      Families, including those who were elderly, continued to support most of the
      frail elderly people even in the presence of multiple pathology. This emphasizes
      the social implications of multiple pathology and the need for support and
      information in the management of long-term disability.

PMID- 4054639
TI  - The effect of calcium on the lens ultrastructure.
AB  - The influence of a calcium-enriched solution on pig lens cell structure was
      studied in vitro. The morphological changes which occurred 20 min or 2 h after
      bathing in the solution were studied by transmission electron microscopy. After
      20-min incubation, small intercellular vacuoles containing membranous and
      amorphous substance occurred mainly in the epithelial cells. The cytoplasm of the
      cortical fibers had already been dissolved at this stage. Here the membrane was
      disrupted and the extracellular spaces widened. After 2-h incubation, the
      epithelial cells were compressed by adjacent swollen fibers. However,
      vacuolization in the epithelium had decreased at this stage. At the cortical
      fiber zone, vacuolar formation had increased extensively. Vacuolization was
      mainly observed in the intercellular spaces between the intact gap junctions.
      After 2 h, the main alterations were membrane disruptions and advancing
      dissolution of the cytoplasm. Deeper cortical fibers were swollen but showed no
      extracellular vacuoles.

PMID- 4054640
TI  - Wedge-shaped retinal nerve fiber layer defects in experimental glaucoma
      preliminary report.
AB  - Many investigators have reported that abnormalities in the retinal nerve fiber
      layer may be the earliest sign of primary open-angle glaucoma. We attempted to
      create defects in the retinal nerve fiber layer in experimentally induced
      glaucoma and to examine their histology. By repeated circumferential argon laser
      photocoagulation of the trabecular meshwork of normal cynomolgus monkeys, we
      succeeded in causing a continuous increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). During
      the course of this experiment, cupping of the optic nerve head, wedge-shaped
      retinal nerve fiber layer defects, and halo glaucomatosus developed, all of which
      are defects that are similar to those seen clinically in primary open-angle
      glaucoma. The IOP required for this fundus change was 25, 35, and 43 mmHg,
      indicating great individual variation. Histological examination revealed
      localized degeneration, loss of axon bundles, and diffuse thinning of the nerve
      fiber layer in the area of these wedge-shaped defects in the retinal nerve fiber
      layer. These results may indicate that the optic-nerve-damaging mechanism, both
      localized and generalized, is the same in the cynomolgus monkey and in man.

PMID- 4054641
TI  - Measurement of contrast sensitivity function using pattern-reversal visual evoked
      responses.
AB  - In order to determine whether pattern-reversal visual evoked response (VER) can
      be used to measure contrast sensitivity function (CSF), we investigated the
      effect of change of contrast upon pattern-reversal VER. Contrast thresholds for
      VER were extrapolated in five spatial frequencies. The CSF curve obtained from
      the VER showed the inverted U-shape as the psychophysical CSF curve. However, the
      low frequency fall-off that is usually seen in psychophysical CSF was less
      evident in the electrophysiological CSF. The difference between the
      electrophysiological CSF and the psychophysical CSF increased along with the
      spatial frequency. Proper stimulus conditions would make this method of
      evaluation of CSF by pattern reversal VER useful in relatively young children in
      whom psychophysical tests cannot be performed.

PMID- 4054642
TI  - Experimental studies on the spitting cobra ophthalmia (Naja nigricollis).
AB  - Experimental studies were conducted to investigate the clinical and morphological
      effects of various doses of Naja nigricollis venom (0.1-5.0 mg) on the eyes of
      rabbits. Our findings suggest that in the early stage of the ophthalmia caused by
      the spitting cobra, specific fractions of the venom are responsible for the
      nitrogen mustardlike effect. However, the further course seems to be determined
      by liberated inflammation mediators like prostaglandins and leukotrienes.

PMID- 4054643
TI  - Buoyancy of human and intraocular lenses in air and in aqueous humor.
AB  - The weights of seven human lenses in air and in aqueous humor were determined and
      compared to those of ten intraocular lens implants (IOLs). All IOLs tested were
      found to be significantly lighter than the human lenses in both air and in the
      aqueous humor.

PMID- 4054644
TI  - Reflectance spectrophotometry in the human ocular fundus.
AB  - Spectrometric investigations were carried out in normal human maculae and optic
      discs and in those with pathological findings (50 eyes in total). Reflection
      spectra were measured by illumination of various points of the fundus, using a
      highly sensitive photon-counting technique. It is necessary to distinguish
      diffusely reflected light from regularly reflected light, as we found marked
      differences in the spectra of diffusely reflected light between normal eyes and
      those with pathological findings. In optic atrophy cases, the intensity of light
      reflected from the optic disc (510-600 nm) was remarkably higher than normal. In
      findings of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, the reflected light intensity
      showed a steeper slope, beginning at 580 nm, in comparison with normal findings.

PMID- 4054646
TI  - 38th annual scientific meeting of the Gerontological Society of America. November
      22-26, 1985, New Orleans, Louisiana. Abstracts.

PMID- 4054645
TI  - Autoregulation of ocular blood flow during changes in intraocular pressure.
      Preliminary results.
AB  - Visual evoked potentials were recorded in six normal subjects and in three
      patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, while intraocular pressure was
      artificially elevated in stepwise increases. The resulting perfusion-pressure
      amplitude curves in our controls showed a kink, which can be interpreted as a
      sign of vascular autoregulation. No kink was observed in the curves of our
      glaucoma patients, which we interpret as indicating a lack of vascular
      autoregulation in primary open-angle glaucoma.

PMID- 4054647
TI  - [Effect of alcohol on human psychophysiological function and work capacity
      (chronophysiological research)].

PMID- 4054648
TI  - [Cytochemical evaluation of the lysosomes of blood lymphocytes in workers
      subjected to organic solvent exposure].

PMID- 4054649
TI  - [Hygienic characteristics of working conditions in the manufacture of synthetic
      vitamins].

PMID- 4054650
TI  - [Data on establishing the median shift and maximum single-time exposure MPEL for
      benzene].

PMID- 4054651
TI  - [The toxicokinetic characteristics of benzene for assessing the degree of its
      harmful action].

PMID- 4054652
TI  - [Effect of adrenal cortical function on exposure to yeast-like fungal producers
      and to the dust from a protein-vitamin concentrate preparation in an experiment].

PMID- 4054653
TI  - [The microclimate of the subway and its effect on the body of workers].

PMID- 4054654
TI  - [Improvement in the legal bases for the activities of the epidemiological health
      service].

PMID- 4054655
TI  - [Health status of the navigational crew of the Lena River Steamship Line and of
      workers in the ship repair and building plant in Yakutia].

PMID- 4054656
TI  - [Current problems of the development and course of neuropsychic disorders in
      exposure to occupational hazards].

PMID- 4054657
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of a complex of chemical plants in an industrial center].

PMID- 4054659
TI  - [Changes in the immunity indices of women in occupational contact with synthetic
      estrogens].

PMID- 4054658
TI  - [Characteristics of copper metabolism and the prevention of its deficiency in the
      body of different groups of virtually healthy persons].

PMID- 4054660
TI  - [Hygienic characteristics of working conditions in preparing and using silicone
      matrices in shoe manufacture].

PMID- 4054661
TI  - [Reproductive function of white rats under inhalational exposure to
      dinitrochlorobenzene].

PMID- 4054662
TI  - [Nutrition in pregnancy and its effect on the fetus].

PMID- 4054663
TI  - [Evaluation of karyotypes of married couples in cases of spontaneous abortion].

PMID- 4054664
TI  - [Prolactin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome after treatment with
      clomiphene].

PMID- 4054665
TI  - [Early cervical cancer with an unusual location of extensive metastatic focus].

PMID- 4054666
TI  - [Remarks with regard to performing amniocentesis in early pregnancy].

PMID- 4054667
TI  - [Clinical aspects of perinatal hysterectomy].

PMID- 4054668
TI  - [Incidence of respiratory distress in premature infants delivered by cesarean
      section in relation to the onset of uterine contractions and rupture of fetal
      membranes].

PMID- 4054669
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of management of breech presentation].

PMID- 4054670
TI  - [Management of breech presentation in term pregnancy (clinical data)].

PMID- 4054671
TI  - [Comparative analysis of forceps delivery and vacuum extraction based on our
      data].

PMID- 4054672
TI  - [The program of extracorporeal fertilization in humans].

PMID- 4054673
TI  - Hemodynamic determinants of fetal outcome in preeclampsia.

PMID- 4054674
TI  - [A new concept of ovarian development and gonadal dysgenesis].

PMID- 4054675
TI  - [Angioarchitectonics of uterine arteries].

PMID- 4054676
TI  - [Study of the "systemic effect" in the blood of patients with cervical cancer by
      the method of measuring T1 relaxation time].

PMID- 4054677
TI  - [Clinical value of routine prevention of postoperative thrombotic complications].

PMID- 4054678
TI  - [Remote results of surgical treatment of uterine and vaginal prolapse].

PMID- 4054679
TI  - [Diagnostic difficulties in the differentiation between intrahepatic cholestasis
      in pregnancy and initial stage of acute viral hepatitis].

PMID- 4054680
TI  - [Regional 3-level organization of perinatal medicine].

PMID- 4054681
TI  - [Regional Center of Perinatology].

PMID- 4054682
TI  - [Carrier- and immunoprotein levels in the blood serum of women infected with
      Toxoplasma gondii].

PMID- 4054683
TI  - [A method of management of premature labor using glucocorticoids].

PMID- 4054684
TI  - [Problem of prematurity in a sheltered work department. III. A multifactorial
      causative model].

PMID- 4054685
TI  - [Selected elements of physical exertion physiology as an introduction to
      physiopathology in obstetrics and gynecology. II. The factors of physiological
      regulation of energy metabolism during physical exertion].

PMID- 4054686
TI  - [Changes in serum levels of free estriol in pregnancy carried to term].

PMID- 4054687
TI  - [Thrombophlebitis of lower limbs: its incidence and the effect of its prevention
      in parturients and patients after gynecological operations].

PMID- 4054688
TI  - [A case of coexistent intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy].

PMID- 4054689
TI  - [Spontaneous delivery at term of conjoined twins of the thoraco-omphalopagus
      type].

PMID- 4054690
TI  - Compensatory kidney collagen growth vs. age in uni-nephrectomized rats.
AB  - Kidney collagen content, wet and dry weights, were measured in male Wistar rats
      unilaterally nephrectomized (NX) at ages ranging from 3-52 weeks. The
      compensatory responses in the contralateral kidney were assessed at eight (NX +
      8) and 16 (NX + 16) weeks post-operatively; the (NX) values were compared with
      those from sham-operated controls at the same age and post-operative time. Both
      (NX) and sham (S) values were contrasted to the normal kidney growth parameters
      of unoperated control (C) rats. Kidney wet weight in the (NX) group was greater
      than that in either (S) or (C) and the major part of the compensatory growth
      occurred in the (NX + 8) period. In younger rats (12 weeks at NX), the dry weight
      response was like that of net weight, but in older animals the dry weight
      compensation had a generally slower onset. The compensatory growth of collagen in
      younger (NX) rats was greater than that seen in (S), and (S) was the same as (C).
      In older rats, (NX) and (S) collagen were not different, but both were much
      higher than (C). The finding that older animals, unlike young ones, increase
      their kidney collagen in response to surgery, with or without a loss of renal
      tissue, points to a nonspecific stimulus for collagen growth and suggests that,
      in older rats, the turnover equilibrium of collagen is shifted toward synthesis
      under such conditions.

PMID- 4054691
TI  - Peripartal endocrine changes and the initiation of lactation in ewes of diverse
      breeds.
AB  - Perinatal endocrine changes and associated patterns of various milk constituents
      were examined in multiparous ewes from diverse breeds. Maternal progesterone,
      estrone, estradiol-17 beta, cortisol and prolactin patterns were measured
      simultaneously during the peripartal period in Dorset, Rambouillet (Ra) and
      Finnish Landrance (Finn) ewes, with characteristic gestational durations of 146.0
      +/- 0.91, 148.4 +/- 1.05 and 144.8 +/- 0.67 days, respectively. Changes in milk
      lactose, protein, fat and energy content were also examined in the subsequent
      lactation periods. Significant (P less than 0.05) declines in progesterone, with
      progressive increases in estradiol and estrone preceded an abrupt elevation in
      prolactin levels in all breeds near term. Consistent increases in maternal
      cortisol levels were noted immediately prior to parturition in all ewes and
      remained elevated for a few days in the first week of lactation, although other
      endocrine parameters had declined significantly. Similar peripartal endocrine
      changes in all ewes, corresponded to significant (P less than 0.05) increases in
      milk lactose, protein and fat content during the first 3 days of lactation. Milk
      lactose in particular was closely associated with low progesterone concentrations
      and a return of postpartal prolactin levels to prepartal concentrations. The
      initiation of lactation and subsequent composition of ewes' milk were not
      markedly affected by chronological changes in endocrine patterns, characteristic
      to diverse breeds with varying gestational durations.

PMID- 4054692
TI  - Postnatal changes in size, morphology and weight of developing postnatal
      deciduous anterior teeth.
AB  - The present investigation is concerned with the postnatal changes in size,
      morphology and weight of anterior deciduous teeth (maxillary and mandibular
      central and lateral incisors and canines) in infants aged 0-46 weeks. Relating
      tooth weight and height to the age of the infant revealed the time at which each
      tooth achieves its maximum crown height and root formation begins, the rate of
      root elongation and, in the case of the canine teeth, the postnatal rate of crown
      elongation.

PMID- 4054693
TI  - Effect of dietary energy on lipogenesis in turkey hens prior to and after sexual
      maturity.
AB  - An experiment was conducted with 208 Diamond Hybrid Small White turkey hens to
      determine the role of dietary energy on in vitro lipid metabolism. Young turkey
      hens were fed diets containing either a high (3100 kcal metabolizable energy) or
      low (2400 kcal metabolizable energy) energy level from 12 to 30 weeks of age.
      Both diets contained 12% protein and were fed on an ad libitum basis. Hens were
      then maintained under a constant (21 degrees C) or cyclic (12 to 27 degrees C)
      daily temperature regime and fed either a high (47% of the total energy) or low
      (8% of the total energy) fat diet for a 100-day egg collection period. Hens were
      killed at the end of the growing phase, after 1 week of receiving the breeder
      diets and after 2 weeks of stimulatory light (14 hr/day). Hens were also killed
      following a 100-day egg collection period. In vitro lipid metabolism and enzyme
      activities were determined at these periods. In vitro fatty acid synthesis was
      greater (P less than .05) in hens fed the high-energy prebreeder diet although
      total energy intakes for both groups of birds were similar. Transferring both
      groups of hens to individual cages in the breeder house decreased (P less than
      .05) fatty acid synthesis; however, lipogenic rates were higher (P less than .05)
      after 2 and 18 weeks of stimulatory light. The high-fat diet decreased (P less
      than .05) in vitro lipogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, malic enzyme and
      esterification of palmitate. Acetate utilization in the presence of pyruvate was
      one-half the rate in the absence. Diets fed prior to sexual maturity did not
      affect egg production or in vitro lipogenesis of mature hens.

PMID- 4054694
TI  - Serial composition during growth in mice with a major gene for rapid postweaning
      growth.
AB  - The chemical composition of growth in mice having a major gene for rapid post
      weaning growth (hg/hg) was compared to that of their normal counterparts (Hg/-)
      at repeated intervals from 21 to 57 days of age. Male mice of both genotypes were
      sacrificed at 3 day intervals from 21 to 42 days of age and at 5 day intervals
      thereafter to day 57 of age for determination of body composition. By day 57 the
      hg/hg mice weighed 44.2 g while the Hg/- mice weighed 31.9 g. Analysis of changes
      in body water, protein, fat and ash across ages demonstrated that the hg/hg mice
      had significantly greater percents of body water and fat while having less
      protein and ash as compared to the Hg/- mice. When the effect of body weight was
      removed by covariance analysis, the difference in body lipid between genotypes
      was no longer significant. The hg/hg mice continued to maintain a slightly but
      significantly greater amount of water in the body while protein and ash levels
      remained lower than in Hg/- mice. Age also significantly influenced the amount of
      water, protein and ash in both mouse genotypes. It was concluded that the very
      slight, but significant differences in amount of water, protein and ash in the
      hg/hg mice were the result of a slower rate of maturing. The gene (hg) seems to
      have a general influence on all chemical components of growth and apparently does
      not alter any specific chemical component of growth.

PMID- 4054695
TI  - May growth be regulated by systematic, stepwise collapse of DNA? A new hypothesis
      for the understanding of growth kinetics.
AB  - Cultured human and animal cells are predestined to undergo irreversible
      functional decrement that mimic age change in the whole organism. The underlying
      mechanism of this process, however, has not yet been discovered. A new hypothesis
      is introduced: The secondary structure of DNA is not stabile per se. It needs
      additional material surrounding it such as histones and non-histone proteins
      ("external stabilization"). In case of dissociations between the DNA and its
      additional stabilizer, well-defined localized break-downs of the chromatin
      structure will take place, which may happen predominantly during DNA replication.
      During subsequent cell divisions the number of break-downs will increase. Thus,
      higher molecular density will be reached which modifies not only the regulation
      of gene expression but also reduces the velocity of further cell division. A
      final state of density will be reached, where further replication is no longer
      possible.

PMID- 4054696
TI  - Relationships of birth weight and pre-nursing concentrations of serum albumin to
      survival and growth rate in swine.
AB  - Data from 29 litters of swine were analyzed to estimate the relationships of
      birth weight and pre-nursing concentrations of serum albumin to survival and
      daily gain from birth to 14 d and from 14 to 28 d. Means and standard deviations
      of birth weight and serum albumin were calculated within each litter and used as
      analytical units. Positive linear partial regression coefficients were detected
      for effects of serum albumin on birth weight (P less than .01) and daily gains (P
      less than .05). As both serum albumin and birth weight increased, survival also
      increased but at a decreasing rate (P less than .05). Survival decreased as the
      standard deviations of serum albumin (P less than .05) and the birth weight (P
      less than .10) increased. Daily gain from 14 to 28 d of age increased (P less
      than .10) as the standard deviation of serum albumin varied above or below about
      .5 mg/ml. The linear effect of birth weight on daily gain from birth to 14 d of
      age was positive (P less than .01), whereas daily gain from 14 to 28 d of age
      increased as birth weight varied above or below about 1.3 kg (P less than .01).
      Daily gains during the first and second periods also increased as the standard
      deviation of birth weight varied above or below .3 kg (P less than .05) and .25
      kg (P less than .001), respectively. Fitting birth weight and serum albumin
      simultaneously into the statistical model accounted for 57% of the variation in
      survival, a level at least twice as great as previously reported. It is
      speculated that use of a marker of physiological maturity, such as pre-nursing
      concentrations of serum albumin, might facilitate selection for survival.

PMID- 4054697
TI  - A flexible 3-parameter curve for limited or unlimited somatic growth.
AB  - Unlike population growth, the somatic growth of individual organisms is often
      well described by a curve passing through the origin, provided time (t) is
      measured from the moment at which the egg starts developing actively. A simple 3
      parameter asymptotic growth curve, X = A/(1 + D/tc), can be derived from the
      logistic curve, X = A/[1 + D/exp(Ct)], by replacing time (t) by its natural
      logarithm. Hill (1913) used a similar curve to describe the saturation of
      haemoglobin by oxygen, but he considered only exponents C greater than or equal
      to 1. Depending upon the value of exponent C, this curve has a flexible shape
      which can range all the way from a rotated and translated rectangular hyperbola
      to a sigmoid curve. When C greater than 1, there is an inflection point of which
      the ordinate can assume any value between 0 and A/2, where A denotes the (upper)
      asymptote. When C less than 1, if the pattern of growth appears to be unlimited,
      within the range of the data, this curve becomes similar to allometry with
      respect to time, X = Btc. The asymptote A then becomes large but the ratio of
      parameters A/D approaches B as a limit. Unlike other 3-parameter curves, the
      present curve shows acceptable numerical convergence when fitted both to limited
      and unlimited growth data. This curve is illustrated with data on the body length
      of male and female elephant seals and on the body length and weight of female
      yellow sturgeons.

PMID- 4054698
TI  - Phenotypic and genetic parameters for growth, puberty and composition traits in
      gilts.
AB  - A total of 12 Landrace and 12 Duroc boars were mated randomly to crossbred sows
      to produce 210 gilts over six farrowing seasons. Each sire was used in only one
      farrowing season. Biweekly measurements were taken on the live gilts for height,
      weight, loin depth, shoulder backfat, 10th rib backfat and stifle backfat from 30
      to 105 kg. Gilts were removed from confinement units and placed in pasture lots.
      Estrous detection began when the gilts reached 68 kg and continued until 75% of
      gilts in a test group had exhibited estrous. Compositional traits were regressed
      to 105 kg prior to being analyzed. Estimates of genetic parameters were
      determined using paternal half-sib analysis. Heritability estimates for age at
      first detectable estrous (ACYCL), tenth rib backfat at 105 kg (BFB) and average
      daily gain (ADG) were .29, .28 and greater than 1, respectively. Phenotypic
      correlations between ACYCL and backfat traits were approximately zero, those
      between ACYCL and growth traits were moderate and desirable and those between
      growth and backfat traits were low. Genetic correlation between ACYCL and ADG was
      estimated to be -.67 indicating faster gaining gilts were cycling at a younger
      age. Estimated genetic correlation between ACYCL and BFB was -.77 indicating that
      leaner gilts were cycling at a later age. Also, genetic correlation estimated
      between BFB and ADG was .64 inferring that faster gaining gilts were depositing
      more backfat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4054699
TI  - The British Society of Gastroenterology. 46th annual meeting. Newcastle upon
      Tyne, 18-20 September 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4054700
TI  - Effect of L-dopa with and without inhibition of extra cerebral dopa decarboxylase
      on gastric acid secretion and gastrin release in man.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to investigate the possibility that central
      nervous system monoaminergic pathways may play a role in the control of gastric
      acid and gastrin secretion in man. Submaximal pentagastrin stimulated (0.25
      micrograms/kg/h) gastric acid secretion, as well as basal gastrin concentrations
      were studied in two groups of subjects. The first group received oral
      administration of placebo and the catecholamine precursor L-dopa (500 mg); the
      second group was treated with placebo and the association of L-dopa (100 mg) plus
      carbidopa (35 mg) after pretreatment with carbidopa (50 mg every six hours for
      four doses), a schedule which is known to increase brain catecholamine
      concentrations. In comparison with placebo, stimulated gastric acid secretion was
      reduced by L-dopa alone, whereas was not modified by L-dopa plus carbidopa. Basal
      gastrin concentrations were increased after L-dopa and after L-dopa plus
      carbidopa. These data show that basal gastrin concentration is raised by central
      catecholamine augmentation; but gastric acid secretion seems to be influenced by
      changes of peripheral catecholamine concentrations. It is suggested that dopamine
      and perhaps noradrenaline, but not adrenaline, are important in these effects.

PMID- 4054701
TI  - Duodenal ulcer healing by separate reduction of postprandial and nocturnal acid
      secretions have different pathophysiology.
AB  - The endoscopic healing rates and factors related to healing of two cimetidine
      regimens designed to reduce respectively postprandial and nocturnal acid
      secretions were studied in a randomised trial of cimetidine 200 mg tds with
      meals, vs 600 mg at bedtime, vs 200 mg tds with meals plus 400 mg at bedtime in
      246 patients with duodenal ulcer. The respective healing rates were 62.3%, 63.1%,
      77.5% at four weeks and 86.6%, 83.3%, 91.2% at eight weeks. The healing rates at
      four weeks of both meal time and bedtime regimens were inferior (p less than
      0.05) to that of the standard regimen. Analysis of 45 prospectively obtained
      factors showed that (i) habitual cigarette smoking adversely affected healing
      with the meal time regimen but not with the others, indicating that its adverse
      effect disappeared once nocturnal acid secretion was reduced, (ii) habitual use
      of analgesics impaired and their abstinence favoured healing by both meal time
      and bedtime regimens but these effects were lost with the standard regimen,
      suggesting that if analgesics cannot be withdrawn during ulcer treatment, a
      reduction of both meal time and night time acid secretions should be ensured,
      (iii) responders with the meal time and bedtime regimens had respectively
      significantly higher postprandial serum gastrin and higher basal acid output than
      the corresponding non-responders suggesting that these responders had different
      pathophysiology, and (iv) high maximal acid output and large ulcers healed less
      well by any regimen.

PMID- 4054702
TI  - Polyps and diverticula of the large intestine: a necropsy survey in Hong Kong.
AB  - The study is based on a prospective survey of 200 necropsies, to determine the
      prevalence of colonic polyps and diverticula in Hong Kong. Adenomatous polyps
      were found in 34% of men and 19% of women. The corresponding figures for
      hyperplastic polyps were 22% and 15%. When compared with European countries
      having similar rates for colorectal cancer, the polyp pattern by type,
      prevalence, and distribution is very similar. For diverticula the prevalence rate
      in this study was only 5%; most of these were situated in the caecum. This is at
      marked variance to the European pattern.

PMID- 4054703
TI  - Balloon expulsion from the rectum in constipation of different types.
AB  - The defaecatory mechanism using a balloon model with simultaneous measurement of
      intrarectal pressure has been studied in 15 control subjects with normal bowel
      habit and in 39 patients with chronic constipation; 31 with a normal barium enema
      and eight with idiopathic megarectum. Fourteen of those with a normal barium
      enema had prolonged whole gut transit times as measured by radio-opaque shapes.
      The ability of the patient to expel a rectal balloon containing 50, 100, and 150
      ml of water, lying on their side in the left lateral position was tested and if
      unsuccessful, in the sitting position with the knees raised. All but one of the
      control subjects could expel balloons in the left lateral position. Only five of
      17 constipated patients with normal barium enemas and transit times could expel
      balloons lying on their side although a further three could do so when sitting.
      None of 14 patients with slow transit and normal barium enemas could expel
      balloons in left lateral position although three could do so when sitting.
      Patients with megarectum could not expel balloons in either position. Levels of
      intrarectal pressure with straining were not significantly different between
      controls, who were able to expel balloons, and constipated patients with a normal
      barium enema, but were greater (p less than 0.01) in patients with megacolon than
      in control subjects. Using the balloon model a disorder of the defaecatory
      mechanism is present in patients with constipation of different types, but this
      is not because of an inability to raise intrarectal pressure.

PMID- 4054704
TI  - Positive correlation between symptoms and circulating motilin, pancreatic
      polypeptide and gastrin concentrations in functional bowel disorders.
AB  - Motilin, pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin blood concentrations in response to
      drinking water have been studied in 40 patients with functional bowel disease and
      compared with results in two groups of healthy control subjects. Patients with
      slow transit constipation and idiopathic megacolon showed impaired motilin
      release. Pancreatic polypeptide release was reduced in patients with slow transit
      constipation, but increased in those with functional diarrhoea. Gastrin release
      was impaired in all groups complaining of chronic constipation. Circulating
      motilin, pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin concentrations appear to bear some
      relationship to intestinal transit time in patients with functional bowel
      disorders.

PMID- 4054705
TI  - Acetaldehyde alone may initiate hepatocellular damage in acute alcoholic liver
      disease.
AB  - Acetaldehyde may be the injurious agent in acute alcoholic liver disease. It has
      been suggested that the mechanism of liver injury in this situation may be
      immunologically mediated. In the present study acetaldehyde has been bound to
      human liver plasma membranes. The activation of C3 by the acetaldehyde/membrane
      product was measured by immunofixation of the separated C3 components. Activation
      of C3 by acetaldehyde exposed liver plasma membranes was increased to 16.4%
      compared with 6% by non-exposed membranes (p = 0.004). Human liver plasma
      membranes bound 212 +/- 18 nmol acetaldehyde per mg membrane protein. The binding
      constant was 439 +/- 81 microM. It is concluded that acetaldehyde bound to human
      liver plasma membranes activates the complement sequence and this may be the
      initial stage in the pathogenesis of acute alcoholic liver disease.

PMID- 4054706
TI  - Morbidity and mortality after peritoneovenous shunt surgery for refractory
      ascites.
AB  - A prospective analysis of the morbidity and mortality after peritoneovenous
      shunting was carried out in 25 patients who had a total of 27 shunts for
      refractory ascites. Major complications were limited to the patients in whom
      ascites was secondary to hepatic rather than peritoneal disease. Immediate
      postoperative complications followed 17 out of the 23 shunts carried out in
      patients with liver disease and included septicaemia (two), profound hypotension
      (two), pulmonary oedema (one), and clinically evident disseminated intravascular
      coagulation (14). Long term morbidity was again limited to the patients with
      liver disease and included chronic shunt infection (two) and major venous
      thrombosis (two). Shunt associated mortality was only seen in the patients with
      liver disease. Despite late shunt blockage in five long term survivors with
      alcoholic liver disease fluid retention was easily controlled by simple medical
      means probably because of improved liver function associated with abstinence from
      alcohol. It is concluded that: (1) patients with hepatic and malignant ascites
      respond differently to the insertion of a peritoneovenous shunt; (2) Shunt
      patency should be monitored regularly in patients with liver disease and, because
      of the potential for septic and thrombotic complications, if blocked the shunt
      should be removed and; (3) because of the morbidity and mortality of
      peritoneovenous shunt surgery in patients with liver disease and refractory
      ascites, an alternative mode of therapy, such as repeated ultrafiltration and
      reinfusion of ascitic fluid, may be a more effective initial therapeutic approach
      especially in patients in whom there is a reversible element to their underlying
      liver disease.

PMID- 4054708
TI  - Crohn's disease in two married couples.
AB  - Only two examples of married couples where both partners have developed Crohn's
      disease have been reported previously from the United Kingdom. We describe two
      further examples; one where the index patient had developed Crohn's disease
      before marriage, and the spouse subsequently developed Crohn's disease and a
      second example in which both spouses developed Crohn's disease after marriage.

PMID- 4054707
TI  - Platelet associated immunoglobulins in primary biliary cirrhosis: a cause of
      thrombocytopenia?
AB  - Thrombocytopenia in cirrhotic patients is usually attributed to splenic pooling
      whereas in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura it is related to platelet bound
      immunoglobulin (PA-IgG). Since primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune
      disorder we have undertaken a prospective study to assess the frequency and
      possible relationship of PA-IgG to thrombocytopenia in this condition. Sixty-two
      primary biliary cirrhosis patients (28 precirrhotic; 34 cirrhotic) were studied.
      Twenty-five patients (40%) had raised PA-IgG of whom 18 had cirrhosis. There was
      a significant inverse correlation between platelet count and PA-IgG (p less than
      0.001) and between platelet count and spleen size (p less than 0.001).
      Thrombocytopenia (platelets less than 100 X 10(9)/l) was found in nine patients
      (15%); all nine had raised PA-IgG and eight were cirrhotic with an enlarged
      spleen. Two cirrhotic patients with persistent thrombocytopenia and bleeding
      episodes were treated with prednisolone and showed a useful therapeutic response.
      These results suggest that immune mediated platelet destruction and splenic
      pooling of platelets may both play a part in the thrombocytopenia observed in
      primary biliary cirrhosis.

PMID- 4054709
TI  - Comparative radiological and morphological study of human pancreas.

PMID- 4054710
TI  - Liver and obesity.

PMID- 4054711
TI  - Statistical tests for 2 X 2 tables.

PMID- 4054712
TI  - Diet in the management of Crohn's disease.

PMID- 4054713
TI  - Crypt cell production rate in ulcerative proctocolitis: differential increments
      in remission and relapse.
AB  - Crypt cell production rate (CCPR) has been measured by a stathmokinetic technique
      in the relapse and remission phases of ulcerative proctocolitis. Rectal biopsies
      were obtained from eight patients with colitis in relapse, 14 patients with
      colitis in remission, and 14 patients with histologically normal mucosa. Biopsies
      were maintained in organ culture for 16 hours and were then exposed to
      vincristine for one to three hours. Crypt cell production rate was determined
      from the rate of accumulation of arrested metaphases. Mean CCPR in the relapse
      group (14.2 cells/crypt/hour) was 45% faster than in the remission group (9.8
      cells/crypt/hour; p less than 0.001), which was in turn 14% faster than in normal
      mucosa (8.6 cells/crypt/hour; p less than 0.04). More rapid turnover of the
      rectal epithelium in quiescent as well as active colitis may help to explain the
      enhanced risk of carcinogenesis in this disease.

PMID- 4054714
TI  - Occult, high-risk endometrial cancer.
AB  - In a series of 173 consecutive patients with endometrial cancer treated by a
      fixed protocol 62 tumors (36%) appear "estrogen independent," i.e. there is no
      history of estrogen ingestion and no recognized risk factors such as obesity or
      diabetes mellitus. A high proportion of these tumors are of advanced stage and
      grade. Prognosis is poorer and mortality higher than for "estrogen-dependent"
      tumors. Twenty-two tumors were truly occult (no spontaneous vaginal bleeding).
      Factors which identify this high-risk group are described and the reasons for
      delay in diagnosis discussed. Spread by intraperitoneal dissemination is
      considered a major factor in the poorer prognosis. Cytology of peritoneal
      washings is a useful diagnostic and prognostic aid. An estrogen provocation test
      is suggested as a means of earlier recognition which could reduce mortality in
      this group.

PMID- 4054715
TI  - Phase II trial of VP-16-213 in advanced ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - We have reevaluated the effectiveness of VP-16-213 in advanced ovarian carcinoma.
      Twenty-five patients with measurable disease were treated for 3 days every 2
      weeks with an escalating dose of the oral preparation. Twenty-two percent of 23
      evaluable patients responded including one complete response. The median duration
      of response was 20 weeks and median survival 32 weeks. Toxicity was mild. The
      response rate observed is relatively high in patients pretreated with cis
      platinum. VP-16-213 deserves further study, especially in combination with cis
      platinum.

PMID- 4054716
TI  - Pulmonary resection for metastases from gynecologic cancers: Massachusetts
      General Hospital experience, 1943-1982.
AB  - Fifteen patients with pulmonary metastases from gynecologic cancers have been
      evaluated and treated surgically at the Massachusetts General Hospital from 1943
      to 1982. These women have had primary tumors involving the cervix (6),
      endometrium (3), and ovary (2) as well as uterine sarcomas (2) and
      choriocarcinomas (2). Two-year Kaplan-Meier survival for this group was 71%; the
      corresponding survival at 5 years was 36%. No hospital mortality was encountered.
      Patients with solitary lesions of less than 4 cm diameter appeared to have the
      most favorable prognosis in the group. A prolonged time to initial recurrence
      (latent period) of greater than 36 months was associated with improved survival
      and there was a 60% survival among patients with latent periods of 60 months or
      more. An aggressive approach to resection of pulmonary metastases in selected
      patients provides gratifying palliation for the majority of women and long-term
      cure in a significant minority.

PMID- 4054717
TI  - Pelvic exenteration--Medical College of Georgia experience.
AB  - Between 1959 and 1983, 42 pelvic exenterations were performed. The early
      experience shows a rather high surgical mortality; 7 out of the first 10 cases.
      This has been improved with experience and better pre- and postoperative care.
      There has been no postoperative mortality in the last 20 patients. The combined
      published reports show an operative mortality of 15-17%.

PMID- 4054718
TI  - Concanavalin A-peroxidase labeling in cervical exfoliative cytopathology. I.
      Labeling of normal squamous cells and the detection of cancer.
AB  - The lectin binding capacity of the cell surface of normal flattened exfoliated
      epithelial cells of the uterine cervix was investigated looking for differences
      between specimens from normal and cancer patients. The method used was a modified
      concanavalin A-horseradish peroxidase (Con A-HRP) labeling procedure. Both normal
      and cancer specimens contain labeled as well as unlabeled usual flattened cells.
      There is a distinct difference between the labeling intensity of labeled and that
      of unlabeled cells. Quantification of the labeling results has been achieved
      using a light microscope equipped with a computerized video system. Apparently
      healthy persons, having a percentage of labeled flattened cells between 54 and
      94% (mean = 73%, SD = 10%, N = 40), were totally discriminated by this method
      from the cancer patients. These patients with a histologically confirmed squamous
      cell carcinoma, showed a labeling percentage between 10 and 22% (mean = 15%, SD =
      4%, N = 10). Hormonal factors, such as phase of cycle and pill use, appeared to
      have no significant influence. Statistical analysis revealed that at least 99% of
      all healthy persons will have a labeling percentage above 45%, while at most 1%
      of the cancer patients will show a labeling percentage above 30%. When choosing
      the labeling percentage of 45% as critical value, the Con A-HRP labeling might
      serve as an additional detection method for cancer of the uterine cervix.
      Moreover, as it is based on the abundantly present normal cells, and not on the
      often scarce abnormal cells, the method is not liable to sampling and screening
      errors.

PMID- 4054719
TI  - Concanavalin A-peroxidase labeling in cervical exfoliative cytopathology. II.
      Routine assessment of labeling results.
AB  - Concanavalin A-peroxidase (Con A-HRP) labeling of exfoliated cells of the uterine
      cervix have been shown to possess clinical significance in the detection of
      cancer. In the present study, a more simple method is used instead of the earlier
      applied complicated method. These two procedures for the assessment of the
      labeling results are compared. The first method is an objective machine-aided
      assessment procedure, consisting of a light microscope connected with a video
      system used in the sliced mode. The second is a more subjective method using
      human visual assessment with a light microscope only. The latter method would be
      suitable for routine use, if it shows similar Con A-HRP labeling results as
      obtained with the machine-aided procedure. In comparison with the machine-aided
      assessment procedure, the visual assessment procedure is less accurate. Moreover,
      the visual assessment is accompanied by intraobserver (between day) and
      interobserver variations. Although the discriminatory capacity in the detection
      of cancer patients is significantly lower for the human visual assessment
      procedure, this difference is small. It is of clinical relevance that in general
      a complete discrimination of healthy individuals and cancer patients is still
      possible. Therefore, visual assessment with a light microscope only, is preferred
      because of its simple equipment, which allows this procedure to be used as a
      routine method.

PMID- 4054720
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of Skene's duct associated with a systemic coagulopathy.
AB  - Adenocarcinoma of the urethra is a rare neoplasm which is believed to arise from
      the periurethral ducts. Four such cases have been diagnosed at our institution
      during the past 25 years and their clinical courses are summarized in this
      report. In one patient, a disseminated coagulopathy with a predominantly
      fibrinolytic component developed. The pathologic mechanism of fibrinolysis is
      addressed and a successful approach to the medical management of this confusing
      coagulopathy is outlined.

PMID- 4054721
TI  - Successful treatment of pseudomyxoma peritonei of ovarian origin with cis
      platinum, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide.
AB  - Pseudomyxoma peritonei is a rare disease characteristically secondary to mucin
      producing adenocarcinomas of the ovary and appendix. Though, as a rule, not
      invasive or metastatic, death occurs secondary to gastrointestinal dysfunction.
      This is the first case of pseudomyxoma peritonei secondary to an ovarian primary
      possibly cured by systemic cis-platinum, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 4054722
TI  - Alveolar soft part sarcoma of the uterine cervix.
AB  - Alveolar soft part sarcoma is a histologically distinctive neoplasm of uncertain
      histogenesis. Since its initial description in 1952, more than 200 cases have
      been reported. The extremities are most often the sites of involvement; the
      tongue, bones, and the orbit have been less commonly involved. The present paper
      describes a case of alveolar soft part sarcoma which was present only within the
      uterine cervix of a 37-year-old woman. Histologically, the tumor cells were
      arranged in the characteristic alveolar pattern; diagnostic PAS-positive diastase
      resistant needle-shaped crystals were observed within the cytoplasm of the tumor
      cells. After the initial biopsy, the patient underwent a radical hysterectomy and
      pelvic lymph node dissection. Although no residual tumor was found within the
      cervix, a microscopic focus of tumor was detected in an obturator lymph node. The
      patient is at present clinically free of disease.

PMID- 4054723
TI  - Post menopausal bleeding secondary to metastatic disease in the endocervix from
      carcinoma of the breast.

PMID- 4054724
TI  - [Therapy of cervical cancer stage I at the Zurich Gynecologic Clinic 1950-1970.
      Long-term results, significance of secondary cancers].

PMID- 4054725
TI  - [Significance of Lactobacilli as normal flora].

PMID- 4054726
TI  - [Detection, clinical aspects, complications and treatment of chlamydia infections
      in gynecology and obstetrics].

PMID- 4054727
TI  - Cytoplasmic estrogen receptors in carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
AB  - The concentration of cytoplasmic estrogen receptors (ER) in cancer of the uterine
      cervix was measured in 30 cases (28 squamous cell carcinomas and 2
      adenocarcinomas). The mean ER concentration in squamous cell carcinoma was 19.3
      +/- 26.0 fmol/mg cytosol protein; for pre- and postmenopausal women 6.82 +/- 9.86
      and 28.6 +/- 30.1 fmol/mg protein, respectively, were found, the latter being
      significantly higher. When 'ER-positive' was defined as concentrations greater
      than 10 fmol/mg protein, 12 of the 28 cases (43%) were found to be ER-positive.
      There were no significant differences between the ER concentrations of clinical
      stage I and II squamous cell carcinomas (19.2 +/- 24.2 and 20.9 +/- 27.2 fmol/mg,
      respectively). ER were detectable in the cervical tissue from all of the control
      cases of myoma of the uterus. There were, however, no differences in the ER
      content between the proliferative and secretory phases, but the concentration in
      premenopausal women was significantly lower than that in postmenopausal women. In
      comparison with the controls, the mean ER level in both pre- and postmenopausal
      women with squamous cell carcinoma was significantly lower, due to the fact that
      ER were not detectable in 57% of these cases. Both cases of cervical
      adenocarcinoma were ER-positive.

PMID- 4054728
TI  - Fetal supraventricular tachycardia: prenatal diagnosis and pharmacological
      reversal of associated hydrops fetalis.
AB  - Intrauterine fetal supraventricular tachycardia is a rare condition often
      associated with the syndrome of nonimmune hydrops fetalis. When the fetus is
      preterm it is vital to treat the arrhythmia with maternally administered drugs
      and different regimens have been reported in the literature. We report 1 case of
      this arrhythmia successfully treated in utero with maternally administered
      digoxin resulting in complete reversal of the hydrops fetalis and the birth of a
      healthy baby. A review of the relevant literature is brought forth.

PMID- 4054729
TI  - Early ultrastructural changes in RU-486-exposed decidua.
AB  - An antiprogesterone (RU-486) was administered to women undergoing voluntary
      interruption of pregnancy. Five patients received 100 mg 12 h before surgical
      interruption, 5 others received 100 mg twice, 24 and 12 h before interruption,
      respectively, and another 5 received no drug at all and served as controls.
      Placentas and deciduae were examined morphologically with the light microscope
      and by electron microscopy. No specific lesions were detected in placental
      tissue. With conventional histology, the deciduae showed various degrees of
      interstitial edema and necrosis, changes which did not enable a distinction
      between treated cases and controls, although stromal disintegration tended to be
      more marked in RU-486-treated patients. At the ultrastructural level, the
      endothelium of decidual capillaries showed striking hyperplasia of the
      endoplasmic reticulum. Morphometric evaluation showed a statistically significant
      difference between RU-486-treated patients (2 X 100 mg) and controls. A possible
      link between these morphological changes and the induction of prostaglandin
      synthesis by the antiprogesterone is suggested. However, the full significance of
      the observed lesions remains uncertain and does not allow definite conclusions
      concerning the abortifacient effect of RU-486.

PMID- 4054730
TI  - The integrity of cervical collagen during pregnancy and labor.
AB  - The concentration of collagen in the human uterine cervix decreases during
      pregnancy. This change contributes to the ripening process, which facilitates
      cervical dilatation during labor. It has been suggested that cervical collagen is
      partly degraded at term and after delivery. In order to evaluate this hypothesis
      we investigated the proportion of intact to degraded collagen after
      solubilization of about 86% of the collagen with pepsin in acetic acid. Total
      collagen was quantitated as hydroxyproline whereas intact collagen was estimated
      by SDS-gel electrophoresis. The proportion of intact collagen to total collagen
      did not change during pregnancy and delivery. Furthermore it was similar to that
      of intact standard collagen. Thus, even if the concentration of collagen is
      diminished during pregnancy as a result of increased collagenolytic activity,
      there is no indication of a qualitative change of the remaining collagen.

PMID- 4054731
TI  - Calcium blockade as a rapid pharmacological test to evaluate primary
      dysmenorrhea.
AB  - The calcium antagonist, nifedipine, was used to identify patients with primary
      dysmenorrhea caused by myometrial hyperactivity. Twelve patients with severe
      primary dysmenorrhea received an oral loading dose of 30 mg nifedipine on the
      first day of menstruation. Nine patients reported prompt relief of the menstrual
      cramps (within 15-60 min). In 3 patients no pain relief was obtained. In 2 of
      these subjects, subsequent laparoscopy revealed obvious signs of endometriosis
      and previous pelvic inflammatory disease as the cause of these patients pain.
      Moreover, intrauterine pressure recording with microtransducers displayed normal
      uterine activity in these patients. It is concluded that, due to its prominent
      tocolytic effect, nifedipine can be used as a simple pharmacologic test to
      identify patients suffering from severe primary dysmenorrhea. In addition it
      indicates a subsequent way to treat the disorder.

PMID- 4054732
TI  - Effect of single-dose progesterone administration on estradiol receptor levels in
      normal human endometrium.
AB  - The effects of single-dose progesterone administration on cytosolic and nuclear
      estradiol receptor levels (RCE2, RNE2) in normal human endometrium were studied
      in a group of 17 women and the results compared to 18 controls. In both groups,
      RCE2 and RNE2 levels were highest in the mid-cycle phase and lowest in the
      secretory phase. Although a wide range of values was found in both groups, the
      levels of RCE2 in the two groups did not differ significantly. It seems that in
      human endometrium a single progesterone injection does not significantly change
      RCE2 and RNE2 levels.

PMID- 4054733
TI  - [Effect of a new sleep inducer, 1H-1,2,4-triazolyl benzophenone derivative 450191
      S on rat liver drug-metabolizing enzyme system].
AB  - The effect of a new sleep inducer, 450191-S, on the hepatic drug-metabolizing
      enzyme system was examined using rats and compared with those of nitrazepam and
      phenobarbital. Cytochrome P-450-dependent 7-alkoxycoumarin O-dealkylation
      activity determined using liver homogenate and isolated microsomes increased
      after successive oral administrations of 450191-S, and induction of the enzyme
      system was observed by administration of 150 approximately 200 mg/kg of the drug
      for at least 3 approximately 5 days. Normal activity was recovered with
      withdrawal of the drug for 3 approximately 5 days after induction of the hepatic
      enzyme system. Administration of higher amounts of 450191-S (200 approximately
      600 mg/kg/day) for 3 days caused remarkable increases in the O-dealkylase and
      UDPGA-glucuronyltransferase activities and cytochrome P-450 and b5 contents.
      Similar changes in the hepatic enzyme system were observed with administration of
      nitrazepam (200 approximately 600 mg/kg for 3 days, p.o.) or phenobarbital (10
      approximately 40 mg/kg for 3 days, i.p.). We concluded that the inducing activity
      of 450191-S is almost the same as that of nitrazepam, but weaker than that of
      phenobarbital. When the hepatic enzyme system was induced by the administration
      of either 450191-S or phenobarbital, the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time was
      shortened with increasing doses of the drugs. On the other hand, sleeping time
      was prolonged by the administration of another type of inducer, beta
      naphthoflavone. The results suggest that the inductive pattern of 450191-S is
      similar to that of phenobarbital.

PMID- 4054734
TI  - [Transport of a new sleep-inducer, 1H-1,2,4-triazolyl benzophenone derivative
      (450191-S), and its active metabolites to the brain in rats and mice].
AB  - The transport of a new sleep-inducer, 450191-S, and its metabolites, M-1, M-2, M
      A, M-3 and M-4, to the brain was examined by the BUI (Brain Uptake Index) method
      in rats and by comparing the plasma and the brain concentration of the
      metabolites in mice. 450191-S was not passed to the brain and M-A was hardly
      passed, but the permeability of M-1, M-2 and M-3 was as high as that of diazepam.
      The blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of these benzodiazepines correlated
      with the lipid solubility expressed by the Rm value. After oral administration of
      450191-S or M-1 to mice, the common major metabolites, M-1, M-2, M-A, M-3 and M
      4, were detected in the plasma. At the dose level of 5.5 mumol/kg, M-A showed the
      highest plasma concentration among the metabolites, but only a low level in the
      brain. At an increased dose of 55 mumol/kg, M-2 showed the highest concentration
      in both the plasma and the brain. These results with mice correlated well with
      the results of BBB permeability in rats. The brain level of M-4 was almost at the
      background level in spite of a considerable plasma level. The total brain
      concentration of pharmacologically active metabolites immediately after
      administration of M-1 rose much faster and to a higher level than after 450191-S
      administration. These results may explain the pharmacological character of 450191
      S.

PMID- 4054735
TI  - [Effect of nicardipine on cholesterol-fed S.H.R].
AB  - The effect of nicardipine on experimental hyperlipemia induced by a 1%
      cholesterol diet in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was investigated by the
      change of hemodynamics and the determination of lipid contents of the serum,
      liver, heart and aorta. Nicardipine increased liver weight and liver weight per
      body weight ratio, and it decreased heart and kidney weight significantly.
      Nicardipine inhibited the increase in blood pressure with cholesterol and normal
      diets. Nicardipine decreased heart rate in SHR fed the normal diet, and it
      inhibited the increase in heart rate in SHR fed the cholesterol diet. Serum lipid
      levels significantly increased with the cholesterol diet. Nicardipine
      significantly increased cholesterol in high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and
      phospholipid in HDL (HDL-PL) with cholesterol and normal diets, and it decreased
      triglyceride and improved the atherogenic index "(total cholesterol-HDL-C)/HDL-C"
      with the normal diet. Serum GOT and GPT significantly increased with the
      cholesterol diet. Nicardipine significantly enhanced an increase in GOT and GPT
      levels with the cholesterol diet. Nicardipine increased phospholipid content in
      the liver, triglyceride in the heart, and it decreased total cholesterol in the
      aorta. A morphologic study showed a fatty liver in SHR fed the cholesterol diet,
      but nicardipine had no effect on the morphological changes in the liver, heart
      and aorta. These results suggest that nicardipine may prevent atherosclerotic
      degeneration by the inhibition of hypertension, increase in serum HDL and
      decrease in total cholesterol in the aorta.

PMID- 4054736
TI  - Morphological and colour mutants of Trichoderma viride: characterization and
      complementation.
AB  - A total of 26 morphological and colour mutants of Trichoderma viride were
      characterized. They were divided into three groups based on morphology,
      pigmentation, growth rates and intensity of conidiation. Complementation analysis
      of colour mutants and mutants with disturbances in conidiation showed that after
      anastomosis and protoplast fusion only heterokaryotes are formed while no nuclear
      migration and diploidization takes place.

PMID- 4054737
TI  - Acquisition of small colonies of Trichoderma viride for genetic analysis.
AB  - Growth and mutual interlacing of colonies of T. viride is affected by
      concentration of nutrients and presence of inhibitors in the culture medium. The
      most convenient colony restrictors were Bengal red, Ox Gall and sodium
      deoxycholate while L-sorbose and 2-deoxy-D-arabino-hexose were less efficient.

PMID- 4054738
TI  - Changes in the hypothalamus of the hibernating hedgehog.

PMID- 4054739
TI  - Ultrastructural study of development of the rat testis. I. Physiological
      conditions.

PMID- 4054740
TI  - Ultrastructural study of development of the rat testis. II. After injecting
      CdCl2.

PMID- 4054741
TI  - Histological study of the resorptive bodies of some Orthoptera.

PMID- 4054742
TI  - The paraphyseal/epiphyseal bar in Mollienisia sphenops (Cuv. et Val.).

PMID- 4054743
TI  - Seasonal changes in the cerebral neurosecretory system of adults of
      Schizodactylus monstrosus (Orthoptera: Schizodactylidae) of both sexes.

PMID- 4054744
TI  - The corpus pedunculatum of Rhizopertha dominica Fabr. (Coleoptera).

PMID- 4054745
TI  - Morphology and anatomy of the olfactory organs of the hill-stream fish Barilius
      bendelisis chedra (Ham.).

PMID- 4054746
TI  - The olfactory apparatus in the eel Anguilla bengalensis (Gray et Hardw.).

PMID- 4054747
TI  - Ultrastructure of the lungs of the garter snake.

PMID- 4054748
TI  - Studies of the accessory genital glands (colleterial glands) of the female
      Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). I. An anatomical and
      histological study.

PMID- 4054749
TI  - Studies of the accessory genital glands (colleterial glands) of the female
      Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). II. A cytological study.

PMID- 4054750
TI  - Haemocytes of a freshwater shrimp.

PMID- 4054751
TI  - Sexing of living larvae and pupae of Culex pipiens molestus (Forskal) (Diptera,
      Culicidae).

PMID- 4054752
TI  - A comparative study of two reptile muscles. III. A cytological study of cardiac
      and striated muscles.

PMID- 4054753
TI  - Notes on morpho-functional differences between the Meissner's corpuscles of man
      and the green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops L.).

PMID- 4054754
TI  - Cytomorphic studies of the thoracic ganglia of the prawn Penaeus monodon
      (Fabricius) (order: Decapoda; suborder: Macrura; family: Penaeidae).

PMID- 4054755
TI  - Volume comparisons in the cerebellar complex of primates. I. Ventral pons.
AB  - Volumes of the ventral pons (VPo) were measured in 82 brains of primates,
      Scandentia, and Insectivora, and the relative size of the VPo was expressed by
      size indices. The reference line was through the prosimian average; the mean
      index of prosimians was set at 1. The taxonomic groups arranged in a sequence of
      ascending mean VPo indices were: Insectivora (0.04), prosimians (1.00), monkeys
      (2.55), apes (4.48) and man (9.44). Thus, the VPo of man is more than 9 times
      larger than that of isoponderous average prosimians, and more than 230 times
      larger than that of isoponderous "basal' insectivores. The indices may reflect
      trends and extent of VPo evolution in primate phylogeny.

PMID- 4054756
TI  - Volume comparisons in the cerebellar complex of primates. II. Cerebellar nuclei.
AB  - Volumes of medial, interposed, and lateral cerebellar nuclei (MCN, ICN, and LCN)
      were measured in Insectivora, Scandentia, and Primates, including man. The
      relative size of the nuclei was expressed in size indices. Insectivora had by far
      the smallest cerebellar nuclei. The simians, in general, had larger cerebellar
      nuclei than the prosimians, but there was considerable overlap. From Insectivora
      to man, the MCN was the least progressive and the LCN the most progressive. The
      indices are expected to reflect the relative size of the three longitudinal zones
      of the cerebellum (vermis/MCN, pars intermedius/ICN, hemisphere/LCN). They,
      together with those of the ventral pons and cerebellum (part I), are discussed in
      relation to the predominant locomotor pattern of a species, and with reference to
      evolutionary trends in primate phylogeny.

PMID- 4054757
TI  - [Capgras syndrome--observations in 2 schizophrenic patients].
AB  - Two additional cases of Capgras syndrome were reported. In these schizophrenic
      patients, the abrupt hatred against family members seemed to contribute largely
      to the genesis of the syndrome in addition to delusional background. At the same
      time, the importance of delusional retrospective interpretation in these patients
      as well as in the previously reported case was discussed.

PMID- 4054758
TI  - Handedness conversion in children and parental handedness.
AB  - In order to find out which factor, genetic or environmental, is more involved in
      determining hand usage, the distribution of handedness in Japanese senior high
      school students and the success of their parents' attempts at conversion of
      handedness was investigated with respect to four pairings of parental handedness.
      When a child's handedness was related to that of the parent, children of a left
      handed parent were more likely to be non-right-handed than those of both right
      handed parents. There was no significant relation between parental handedness and
      the rate of handedness conversion of children. The results are in favor of the
      view that human handedness is genetically rather than forcibly determined by
      parents, although environmental factors such as parents' interference are
      involved in decreasing the incidence of non-right-handedness in Japan.

PMID- 4054759
TI  - On two cases of circumscribed hypochondriasis.
AB  - Two cases of circumscribed hypochondriasis were reported. Although the syndrome
      did not seem so rare, these cases were worthy of reporting in the following
      sense. In spite of the general opinion that the syndrome appeared in the middle
      age, the onset in our patients was in the young adult age, namely one at 25 and
      the other at 35, respectively. While the course of the syndrome is said to be
      chronic, our patients indicated a fairly favorable prognosis. The psychodynamics
      of the syndrome in our cases was discussed chiefly from the psychoanalytic point
      of view, and finally the similarity among the related syndromes was considered.

PMID- 4054760
TI  - Risk factors for the increased seizure frequency during pregnancy and puerperium.
AB  - Possible factors affecting the seizure frequency during pregnancy and puerperium
      were prospectively studied on 125 cases, paying particular attention to the drug
      compliance and the antiepileptic drug disposition. Of the subjects, 27% were
      under the poor compliance category. As the reasons for the poor compliance,
      anxiety about the side effects of antiepileptic drugs including teratogenecity
      and the harmful effects on their newborns by breast feeding were found in about
      half of them. In the cases with regular drug taking, 80% showed no change in the
      seizure frequency whereas only 16% exhibited an increase and 4% a decrease. The
      apparent serum clearance of phenytoin, primidone, phenobarbitone derived from
      primidone and valproic acid increased during pregnancy and puerperium. In some
      cases, the lowering of the serum level of drugs was associated with the
      aggravation of seizures.

PMID- 4054761
TI  - EEG abnormalities in nonepileptic patients.
AB  - A total of 202 nonepileptic patients (120 males and 82 females) who exhibited
      spike abnormalities at least twice in their EEG examinations were studied. The
      incidence of spike abnormalities among nonepileptic patients was 8.1%
      (847/10,473). The majority (90%) were under age 19. Headache, dizziness and
      vomiting, and abdominal pain were more frequently observed compared with
      controls. Mild paroxysmal EEG abnormalities such as diffuse irregular slow wave
      bursts with spike (27%), positive spikes (25%) or small spike (8.4%) were
      commonly detected. In three patients who developed epileptic seizures during the
      follow-up period, more specific EEG abnormalities were often exhibited. Other
      factors like the age at onset before 9, characteristic clinical symptoms or a
      positive family history of seizures were confirmed to be necessary for the
      manifestation of clinical seizures.

PMID- 4054762
TI  - EEG changes 24 hours after myelography with metrizamide.
AB  - A prospective study of EEG changes following metrizamide myelography was made on
      34 patients aged 17-79 years. EEGs were recorded just before and 22-26 hours
      after myelography. Usually 8-10 ml of metrizamide was injected by either lumbar
      or lateral cervical puncture. The concentration of metrizamide was relatively
      high. EEGs were abnormal in 15 out of the 20 patients whose baseline EEGs were
      normal. EEGs deteriorated in 10 of the 14 patients whose control tracings were
      abnormal. High voltage delta activity and/or a great deal of theta activity were
      common abnormalities. Three patients showed triphasic waves. No relationships
      were found between the EEG changes and clinical variables. But central nervous
      system involvements by metrizamide tended to be accompanied by a severe EEG
      slowing.

PMID- 4054763
TI  - A case of cerebral infarction showing periodic lateralized epileptiform
      discharges.
AB  - This is a report about the case of a 37-year-old female with left temporal damage
      due to a cerebral infarction and showing periodic lateralized epileptiform
      discharges (PLEDs). A hypsarhythmia-like pattern was observed a week after the
      onset. A repeat tracing of EEGs taken two weeks after the onset clarified the
      presence of PLEDs, consisting of a lateralized slow spike discharge in a rhythmic
      fashion at a frequency of every 1.6 seconds. PLEDs disappeared two months after
      the onset, and EEG activity normalized three months after the onset. But, her
      regressive behavior, crying before her doctor, which was considered to be due to
      a personality change, persisted for some years.

PMID- 4054764
TI  - Temporal aspects of speech and the aging process.

PMID- 4054765
TI  - [Studies on the vibratory pattern of vocal cords in different registers using
      different stroboscopic technics].

PMID- 4054766
TI  - Peer interactional abilities of children from four age-groups.

PMID- 4054767
TI  - [Assessment of phonation].

PMID- 4054768
TI  - Senescence of the voice: morphology of excised male larynges.

PMID- 4054769
TI  - [Dyslalia in question].

PMID- 4054770
TI  - Oral airflow and air pressure during speech production: a comparative study of
      children, youths and adults.

PMID- 4054772
TI  - [The anatomy of cataract extraction].

PMID- 4054771
TI  - Electroglottography and vocal nodules. An attempt to quantify the shape of the
      signal.

PMID- 4054773
TI  - [Phacoemulsification].

PMID- 4054774
TI  - [Pars plana lensectomy--indications and complications].

PMID- 4054775
TI  - [Control of astigmatism by operation keratometry].

PMID- 4054776
TI  - [Anterior chamber lens--review and new experiences with 500 implantations].

PMID- 4054777
TI  - Anterior chamber implants (1953-1984).

PMID- 4054778
TI  - [Experiences with the Kelman Multiflex lens].

PMID- 4054779
TI  - [Iris angiography studies of various intraocular lenses].

PMID- 4054780
TI  - [Decentering of posterior chamber lenses].

PMID- 4054781
TI  - [Retinal detachment following extracapsular cataract extraction in myopic eyes].

PMID- 4054782
TI  - [Uni- and bilateral ischemic papillary infarcts following cataract extraction].

PMID- 4054784
TI  - [Aniseikonia and intraocular optics in aphakia and pseudophakia. 1: Aniseikonia
      and intraocular optics in persons with healthy eyes and in an experiment].

PMID- 4054783
TI  - [Benefits and risks of the combined glaucoma-cataract operation].

PMID- 4054785
TI  - [Photographic documentation of image properties of optic media in aphakia
      correction].

PMID- 4054786
TI  - [Postoperative care and visual development of congenital cataract].

PMID- 4054787
TI  - [Course studies of the lenses of diabetic patients using linear densitometry of
      Scheimpflug photographs].

PMID- 4054788
TI  - [Calcium content of cataract lenses in the human--relation of the calcium content
      to the form and extent using Scheimpflug camera-documented lens opacities].

PMID- 4054789
TI  - [Effect of neodymium YAG laser treatment on open-angle glaucoma].

PMID- 4054790
TI  - [The 13q14 deletion syndrome].

PMID- 4054791
TI  - [The de Morsier syndrome].

PMID- 4054792
TI  - [Colobomas of the eyelids].

PMID- 4054793
TI  - [Extensive acute posterior multifocal pigment epitheliopathy with a slightly
      elevated ornithine level and minor visual loss].

PMID- 4054794
TI  - [Optotype visual acuity in media opacities].

PMID- 4054795
TI  - [Visual pathway diagnosis using the simultaneous registration of retinal and
      cortical pattern potentials].

PMID- 4054796
TI  - [Contrast and spatial frequency selectivity of pattern reversal ERG].

PMID- 4054797
TI  - [The psyche and cancer].

PMID- 4054798
TI  - [Acute anuria in elderly people].

PMID- 4054799
TI  - [Emergency situations in geriatric practice: acute abdominal pain].

PMID- 4054800
TI  - [Otorhinolaryngologic emergencies in elderly people].

PMID- 4054801
TI  - [Pancreatic and papilla carcinoma. Differential diagnosis].

PMID- 4054802
TI  - [Evidence of the cytoprotective action of antacids. Behavior of the transmural
      stomach electric potential difference with antacids in healthy subjects and
      stomach ulcer patients].

PMID- 4054803
TI  - [Therapy of pulsating temporal headache. Resection of the superficial temporal
      artery].

PMID- 4054804
TI  - [Clinical importance of nuclear magnetic resonance tomography in idiopathic femur
      head necrosis].

PMID- 4054805
TI  - [Esmalorid in ambulatory patients with mild to medium severe hypertension.
      Results of a dosage-titration study].

PMID- 4054806
TI  - [Patterns of esophageal invasion in gastric carcinoma. Macroscopic and
      microscopic appearance].

PMID- 4054807
TI  - Fertilization of human oocytes cultured in vitro. Fundamental experiments and the
      control culture of mouse embryos.

PMID- 4054808
TI  - [Developing of collateral circulation in cerebral ischemia caused by carotid
      artery occlusion. An experimental study].

PMID- 4054809
TI  - Late effects of jejunoileal bypass operations on hepatic inflammation, fibrosis
      and lipid content.
AB  - Patients more than six years following jejunoileal bypass operations for morbid
      obesity underwent liver biopsy for evaluation of hepatic histology and
      determination of hepatic lipid content. The amount of hepatic inflammation and
      fibrosis present was quantitated and compared to that present in liver biopsy
      specimens obtained at the time of performance of the jejunoileal bypass
      operation. Hepatic lipid content was compared to that present in the livers of
      six normal-weight patients with no liver disease, and with liver specimens from
      twenty morbidly obese patients undergoing gastroplasty operations. Since their
      jejunoileal bypass operations, hepatic fibrosis has increased in 87% of the
      patients and hepatic inflammation in 52%. Fibrotic liver disease is currently
      present in 50% of the patients compared to 10% at the time of performance of the
      jejunoileal bypass operations. Patients with jejunoileal bypass operations were
      found to have nine times more hepatic triglyceride than was found in patients
      with normal livers, and twice as much as identified in obese patients. These
      results suggest that some patients with jejunoileal bypass operations have severe
      liver histologic disease associated with increased hepatic triglyceride content.
      Patients with jejunoileal bypass operations should have periodic histologic
      evaluation of their liver.

PMID- 4054810
TI  - Effect of the oral antibilharzial niridazole (ambilhar) on patients with
      concomitant schistosomiasis and HBs antigenaemia.
AB  - Twenty-three patients received oral antibilharzial therapy in the form of
      niridazole tablets (10 mg/kg body weight for 20 days), and 10 patients served as
      controls. Three months post-therapy, 14 out of 23 treated patients (61%) had
      cleared the HBsAg. This was found to be statistically significant. In contrast, 2
      of the controls (20%) had eliminated the HBsAg from the serum. It is concluded
      that patients suffering from concomitant schistosomiasis and HBs antigenaemia are
      enabled to eliminate the HBsAg after niridazole therapy.

PMID- 4054811
TI  - Serum gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in patients with hepatic
      encephalopathy.
AB  - Serum levels of the potent inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid
      (GABA) were measured in 10 patients with chronic liver disease and hepatic
      encephalopathy, 11 patients with chronic liver disease and no evidence of hepatic
      encephalopathy, 7 patients with end-stage renal disease and 11 healthy
      volunteers. Serum GABA levels were elevated in all 10 patients with hepatic
      encephalopathy, 5/11 with liver disease and no encephalopathy and 4/7 renal
      disease patients. The mean serum GABA level for the encephalopathic patients
      (0.92 +/- 0.13 microM, mean +/- SEM) was significantly greater than the mean for
      liver disease patients without encephalopathy (0.48 +/- 0.05 microM, p less than
      0.05), renal disease patients (0.46 +/- 0.04 microM, p less than 0.05) and
      healthy volunteers (0.39 +/- 0.03 microM, p less than 0.001). These results would
      tend to support the hypothesis that GABA may play a role in the pathogenesis of
      hepatic encephalopathy.

PMID- 4054813
TI  - [Clinical aspects of psychosomatic disorders].

PMID- 4054812
TI  - Computed tomographic findings in myogenic gastric tumors.
AB  - Computed tomographic findings in leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma and benign
      leiomyoblastoma of the stomach are discussed. Gastroscopic biopsy was
      unsuccessful in every case, but CT was able to show the extragastric extension in
      all tumors. In one case, gastric leiomyoma and renal hypernephroma occurred
      simultaneously. Both tumors showed similar contrast medium enhancement, leading
      to a misdiagnosis.

PMID- 4054814
TI  - [Clinical aspects of psychosomatic disorders: a study from the viewpoint of
      Digestive system].

PMID- 4054815
TI  - [Clinical aspects of psychosomatic disorders: from the standpoint of respiratory
      diseases].

PMID- 4054816
TI  - [Clinical aspects of psychosomatic disorders: psychosomatic approach to
      obstetrics and gynecology].

PMID- 4054817
TI  - [Clinical aspects of psychosomatic disorders: from the standpoint of pediatric
      clinics].

PMID- 4054818
TI  - [Clinical aspects of psychosomatic disorders: diagnosis and therapy].

PMID- 4054819
TI  - [Electrophysiologic study of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia].
AB  - Seventy patients (pts) with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) were
      examined by using electrophysiological techniques (EPS). At rest, 23 pts had the
      ECG evidence of W-P-W syndrome (group I) and 47 pts did not have (group II). In
      20 pts of group I, PSVT could be induced by EPS. In 19 pts of them, the mechanism
      of PSVT was reentry using the accessory pathway (AP) retrogradely and the normal
      pathway (NP) antegradely, but only one showed the antidromic type (the former in
      reverse) of PSVT. Whereas in 45 pts of group II, PSVT could be induced
      reproduceably by EPS. In 31 pts of them, the mechanism of PSVT was reentry using
      concealed AP retrogradely and NP antegradely. In 13 pts, the mechanism was
      reentry within the AV node because dual pathways were found. In 11 pts, the
      reentrant beats conducted on the slow pathway (SP) antegradely, and on the fast
      pathway (FP) retrogradely. In 2 pts, reentrant beats conducted on the FP
      antegradely and on SP retrogradely. In one pt, PSVT was caused by sinus nodal or
      intraatrial reentry. Among 13 pts, in whom PSVT was caused by reentry using AP
      accompanied with dual pathways, the sudden change of the cycle length of PSVT
      were observed in 5 pts. PSVT which could only be induced by EPS in the laboratory
      were as follows: Af in 5, VT in 3 and sinus nodal reentrant tachycardia in one.
      In conclusion, in 65 pts of 70 pts with PSVT (93%), PSVT could be induced by EPS
      reproduceably. On the basis of EPS, the mechanism of PSVT was reentry involving
      AP in 29%, reentry involving concealed AP in 44%, AV nodal reentry in 19% and
      sinus nodal reentry in 1%.

PMID- 4054820
TI  - [Effects of noxious and innocuous cutaneous stimulation on adrenal sympathetic
      efferent nerve activity in rats].
AB  - Present study was undertaken to elucidate the reflex effects of cutaneous
      mechanical stimulation on both adrenal sympathetic efferent nerve activity and
      secretion rates of the adrenal catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) in
      anesthetized rats. An attempt was also made to clarify the effect of clonidine on
      this cutaneo-adrenal medullary reflexes. The results obtained were as follows: In
      central nervous system (CNS) intact rats, noxious pinching stimulation of the
      lower chest or hindpaw skin produced reflex increases in both nerve activity and
      secretion rates of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla; innocuous brushing
      stimulation of the lower chest or thigh skin produced reflex decreases in nerve
      activity and secretion rates of catecholamines during stimulation period. In
      spinalized rats, noxious pinching stimulation of the lower chest skin produced
      reflex increases in both nerve activity and secretion rates of catecholamines,
      whereas pinching of hindpaw skin did not produce any reflex increases; innocuous
      brushing stimulation of the lower chest or thigh skin elicited reflex increases
      in both nerve activity and secretion rates of catecholamines although lower chest
      brushing elicited a much stronger response than thigh brushing did. These
      findings suggest that; the secretion of adrenal medullary hormones can be
      controlled reflexly by mechanical cutaneous stimulation through CNS via adrenal
      sympathetic efferent nerves; the excitatory effect of the cutaneo-adrenal
      medullary reflexes was independent of noxious or innocuous stimulation at the
      spinal level, whereas in CNS intact rats the effect was either excitatory or
      inhibitory in response to noxious or innocuous stimulation, respectively; there
      is a marked segmental organization of this reflex at the spinal level which is
      modified into a generalized response through supraspinal structures. Furthermore,
      it was also demonstrated in present experiment that clonidine produced a dose
      dependent in these reflex responses in both CNS intact and spinalized rats.

PMID- 4054821
TI  - [Determination of glycosylated albumin and its clinical significance in diabetes
      mellitus].
AB  - Assessment of diabetic glycaemic control by nonenzymatically glycosylated albumin
      (G-A) was investigated. Serum albumin was purified by affinity chromatography on
      Affi-Gel Blue. Using the purified serum albumin in normal and diabetic subjects,
      G-A was estimated by a colorimetric thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method and the
      results compared with the levels determined using aminophenyl boronic acid (PBA)
      affinity chromatography. There was an excellent correlation between the levels
      estimated by TBA method and PBA affinity chromatography method (r = 0.94). The
      levels of G-A increased in patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus
      compared to normals. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.84) between the G
      A and HbA1 levels in 43 normal and 167 diabetic subjects. As an estimate of
      diabetic glycaemic control by G-A, the correlations between the G-A and mean
      fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels were studied. There was a higher correlation (r
      = 0.67) between G-A and the mean FBS within 2 weeks. On starting insulin therapy
      in 8 juvenile diabetic subjects, there was a different temporal relationship
      between the FBS, G-A and HbA1 levels. The G-A levels were significantly decreased
      at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks compared to the HbA1 levels. The present results indicate
      that the G-A may provide a valuable tool for assessing the mean blood sugar
      levels between shorter intervals, since the turnover of serum albumin is
      considerably faster than that of HbA1.

PMID- 4054822
TI  - [Effects of new antihypertensive agent, 2-[4-(n-butyryl)-homopiperazine-1-ul]-4
      amino-6, 7-dimethoxy-quinazoline (E-643), on blood pressure, urinary sodium
      excretion and urinary norepinephrine excretion rate in stroke-prone,
      spontaneously hypertensive rats].
AB  - Present study was undertaken to elucidate the effects of E-643, on blood
      pressure, urinary electrolyte (U-Na, U-K) and catecholamines excretion rates in
      stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). An attempt was also made to
      clarify the effects of E-643 on plasma catecholamine concentration and
      sympathetic efferent nerve discharges including renal and adrenal nerve activity.
      E-643 (10 mg/kg/day X 4 weeks, p.o.) administered SHRSP (E-643 SHRSP) produced a
      significant hypotensive effect as compared with sex-age matched nondrug control
      SHRSP (control SHRSP). Both U-Na and U-K in E-643 SHRSP increased significantly
      as compared with those of control SHRSP. Urinary norepinephrine content (U-NE)
      also increased significantly in E-643 SHRSP. Plasma NE concentration tended to
      increase in E-643 SHRSP. While, plasma epinephrine (E) concentration decreased
      significantly in E-643 SHRSP. E-643 did not produce any significant effects on
      both sympathetic renal nerve activity and adrenal nerve activity in SHR. The
      changes induced by exogenous administered NE (blood pressure rise, tachycardia
      and the change in sympathetic nerve activity) were antagonized by pretreatment of
      E-643 in SHR. It was demonstrated that therapeutic doses of E-643 did not seem to
      produce any significant effect on central nervous system. These findings suggest
      that E-643 is a peripherally acting alpha 1 antagonist with natriuretic effect.

PMID- 4054823
TI  - [Experimental study on the development of aseptic necrosis of femoral head--with
      comparison of osteoarthritis of the hip in collagen metabolism].
AB  - Collagen analysis of articular cartilage and subchondral bone was performed on
      femoral heads obtained from patients of late stage of aseptic necrosis (ANF) (4
      cases), and osteoarthritis (OA) (7 cases). In articular cartilage of both
      diseases, there was not observed any difference in the solubility of collagen
      compared with normal articular cartilage. However, collagen contents determined
      by hydroxyproline analysis showed a decrease in both diseases; this tendency was
      prominent in OA. On the other hand, copper contents showed an increase in ANF
      while there was a decrease in OA; the fact may suggest that lysyl oxidase acts
      actively on the formation of a precursor of cross-links in collagen matrix of
      articular cartilage in ANF. In subchondral bone of both diseases, collagen
      contents showed an increase in OA, and a decrease in ANF compared with normal
      subchondral bone. However the solubility of collagen has increased in both
      diseases. Moreover, lysine hydroxylation and copper contents showed an increase
      in both OA and ANF; these findings suggest that repairing reaction of the
      pathological lesion by proliferation of undifferentiated tissue remained even in
      late stage of the disease. In this paper, the author also discussed about the
      connective tissue metabolism of these two diseases by determination the types of
      collagen molecules of pathological cartilage and bone.

PMID- 4054824
TI  - [Apparatus for heart rate biofeedback training].
AB  - Present study was undertaken to develop an apparatus for heart rate biofeedback
      training in clinical basis. The plethysmographic transducer was used for
      detection of pulses. The main part of this apparatus is composed of three systems
      in function, that is, an audiovisual feedback system of heart rate in analogue
      and digital manners, a reinforcement system of exteroceptive stimuli of light
      and/or sound and operant biofeedback system. Experimental inspection of the
      apparatus showed no problem except a case of angiospasm of fingers. Clinical
      trials revealed that this apparatus was available to the biofeedback control of
      heart beats in both normal volunteers and some cardiac patients.

PMID- 4054825
TI  - [Study on a tumor associated antigen on a rat fibrosarcoma cell line--chemical
      structure of an antigen reactive to a rat natural antibody].
AB  - Conventionally bred rats possess a natural antibody (NA) in their sera, which is
      cytotoxic in its effect on a KMT-17 tumor cell line derived from a fibrosarcoma
      induced by 3-methylcholanthrene and can be absorbed by normal rat tissues. We
      have succeeded in isolating and purifying an antigen reactive to NA from the
      tumor cells as a glycosphingolipid (GSL). GSLs from the tumor cells were
      separated into neutral and acidic fractions. The former fraction was judged to be
      antigenic as detected by its capacity to absorb NA. The antigenic fraction was
      further separated into 7 fractions, Fr.A to Fr.G, by silicic acid chromatography.
      The antigenic activity was detected in only Frs.D and E, although Fr.D was a more
      potent antigen than Fr.E. Chemical and immunochemical analyses showed that both
      the fractions are lactoneotetraosylceramide (paragloboside), Gal (beta 1-4)
      GlcNAc (beta 1-3) Gal (beta 1-4) Glc (beta 1-1) ceramide, and that the more
      active GSL, Fr.D, contains larger amounts of long fatty acid chains. Inhibition
      studies using disaccharides and monosaccharides indicated that a N
      acetyllactosamine moiety, Gal (beta 1-4) GlcNAc, is a specific site of the GSL
      antigen to NA. These results suggest that a sugar chain portion of this GSL is
      required for defining specificity and that the ceramide portion plays a role in
      potentiating the antigenicity of this GSL antigen.

PMID- 4054826
TI  - [Histological and biochemical studies of collagen in human uterine leiomyomas].
AB  - Forty eight human uteri including normal group (16 cases), adenomyosis group (5
      cases) and myoma group (27 cases) were studied to clarify the pathogenesis of
      uterine leiomyomas on the viewpoint of the collagen metabolism. The leiomyomas in
      the myoma group were histologically divided into the three types; cellular
      leiomyoma type (7 cases), fibromyoma type (14 cases) and hyaline degeneration
      type (6 cases). After collagen contents were determined, collagen molecules were
      extracted and purified, then they were examined by the techniques of SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and amino acid analysis. The results were as
      follows: The collagen content of the myoma group (62.3 +/- 2.7%, mean +/- S.E.)
      was higher than those of the normal group (48.5 +/-3.2%) and the adenomyosis
      group (52.0 +/- 5.2%) (P less than 0.05), and it was consistent with the
      histological collagen amount in the three types of the myoma group respectively.
      The normal group, the adenomyosis group and the myoma group contained mainly type
      I collagen [alpha 1 (I)2 alpha 2] and a little type III collagen [alpha 1
      (III)3], but alpha 1(III)/alpha 1(I) ratio decreased in order of the normal group
      (20.6 +/- 0.3%), the adenomyosis group (16.4 +/- 0.2%) and the myoma group (12.9
      +/- 0.4%); the cellular leiomyoma type (15.8 +/- 0.2%), the fibromyoma type (12.4
      +/- 0.2%) and the hyaline degeneration type (10.5 +/- 0.6%) (P less than 0.001).
      Decrease of the type III collagen was related to decrease of the tissue
      elasticity and increase of the tissue firmness. Though hydroxylation ratio of
      proline showed no remarkable change, hydroxylation ratio of lysine in the myoma
      group (26.8 +/- 0.5%) was higher than those in the normal group (23.4 +/- 0.4%)
      (P less than 0.001) and the adenomyosis group (24.3 +/- 0.9%) (P less than 0.05).
      In the three types of myoma group, its ratio of the cellular leiomyoma type (28.8
      +/- 1.1%) was higher than that of the fibromyoma type (25.8 +/- 0.5%) (P less
      than 0.05). This suggests that intermolecular, rather than intramolecular, cross
      linking formation was accelerated in the collagen metabolism of uterine
      leiomyomas. In conclusion, it was suspected that these abnormalities in the
      collagen metabolism led to the development of the uterine leiomyoma.

PMID- 4054827
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptor number in ob/ob mice and streptozotocin-treated rats.
AB  - As one step in characterizing the effectiveness of glucocorticoid hormones in
      states of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, the number and affinity of
      glucocorticoid receptors in cytosolic extracts of liver and kidney from ob/ob
      mice and pancreata from streptozotocin-treated rats were determined and compared
      to values derived from normals. Scatchard analysis revealed that each tissue
      contained the same number of glucocorticoid receptors as its control when
      expressed in terms of receptor number per mg of cytosolic protein. Similarly, the
      affinity of these receptors for dexamethasone was unchanged. It is concluded that
      these two forms of diabetes are not associated with abnormalities of
      glucocorticoid receptor number.

PMID- 4054828
TI  - The effect of portocaval shunt on hepatic glycogen stores during fasting.
AB  - The effect of a prolonged fast was studied in surgically portocaval shunted (PCS)
      rats. This shunt excludes the liver from the direct effect of pancreatic and
      enteric hormones, thus facilitating the study of the biochemical and metabolic
      effects of these hormones. In portocaval shunted rats, liver glycogen was lower
      than that of control rats, and remained unaffected during fasting. No remarkable
      difference was observed in blood glucose, plasma and liver free fatty acids and
      blood ketone bodies. Among blood nitrogen compounds, total protein, alanine and
      urea did not show any significant variation, while, in PCS rats, the initial low
      levels of creatinine resulted in an increase after fast. Skeletal muscle protein
      decreased only slightly in control rats, while their loss was remarkable in PCS
      rats. The possibility of a differential activation of gluconeogenesis and
      glycogenolysis in control and PCS rats is discussed.

PMID- 4054829
TI  - Improvement of cardiovascular autonomic reflexes after amelioration of metabolic
      control in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects with severe autonomic neuropathy.
AB  - To evaluate the influence of good metabolic equilibrium on Diabetic Autonomic
      Neuropathy (DAN), cardiovascular autonomic reflexes were monitored in 9 male
      insulin-dependent diabetic patients with DAN, treated with Continuous
      Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII) by pump: 9 for 10 days, 4 for 1 year and 2
      for 20 months. Autonomic neuropathy was assessed evaluating 5 cardiovascular
      autonomic tests: Valsalva Manoeuvre (VR), Deep Breathing (DB), Lying-to-Standing
      (L-S), Sustained Handgrip (SHG), and Postural Hypotension (PH). Metabolic control
      was assessed evaluating the mean daily plasma glucose, glucosuria and
      glycosylated hemoglobin. Ten days of CSII treatment induced a normalization of
      glucose balance and a slight but significant improvement in some parasympathetic
      cardiovascular tests (VR: from 1.09 +/- 0.01 to 1.13 +/- 0.02; P less than 0.05).
      After 4-8 months of CSII treatment a significant improvement in VR (P less than
      0.05); DB (P less than 0.01) and L-S (P less than 0.05) was recorded. The long
      term treatment with CSII did not seem to induce a further amelioration in
      cardiovascular autonomic reflexes. These results show that the slight improvement
      induced by good metabolic balance in the cardiovascular autonomic response could
      be related to functional-metabolic rather than structural changes in the nerves.

PMID- 4054830
TI  - Fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and cholesterol ester in the normal
      menstrual cycle.
AB  - Gonadal hormones and the relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and
      cholesterol ester were studied on four occasions during one cycle in twenty-two
      regularly menstruating women. The most evident change during the menstrual cycle
      was a decrease in the sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the linoleic series
      in the late luteal phase. Concomitantly an increase in oleic acid as well as
      palmitic acid was recorded. These changes were considered to be dietary
      influenced since a shift of the oleic/linoleic acid ratio is often seen when fat
      is replaced by sugar and some women are known to increase their intake of refined
      carbohydrates premenstrually. The only correlation found for fatty acids and
      hormone levels was a correlation of the ratio oleic/linoleic acids and 17-beta
      estradiol. This pattern is not seen after administration of exogenous estrogens
      and obviously there is a discrepancy between endogenous and exogenous estrogens
      in this context. Whether physiological fluctuations of sex hormones during the
      menstrual cycle directly influence the fatty acid composition of serum lecithin
      and cholesterol ester is uncertain. No changes in dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid or
      arachidonic acid, the major precursors of prostaglandin synthesis were recorded.

PMID- 4054831
TI  - Neonatal serum growth-promoting activity measured in human lymphocytes:
      comparison of cord and capillary blood.
AB  - The growth-promoting activity of serum was studied in 47 normal full-term
      newborns, comparing the effects of cord and of capillary serum upon the 3H
      thymidine uptake into activated adult human lymphocytes. At birth the mean +/-
      SEM (TA) was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in capillary serum (1.26 +/
      0.08 U/ml) than in cord blood (0.88 +/- 0.05 U/ml), the individual values being
      significantly correlated. The relatively low values in cord blood do not result
      from the presence of an inhibitor, nor from the cortisol levels. It may be
      concluded that study of cord blood is not the best means to measure growth
      stimulating factors in newborns.

PMID- 4054832
TI  - Elevated growth hormone levels in sera from breast cancer patients.
AB  - The concentrations of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) in the serum of 42
      breast cancer patients were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Forty percent
      of the patients had elevated GH levels while only 17% had elevated PRL levels.
      These findings suggest a relationship between GH and breast cancer; a weaker
      correlation exists between PRL and this malignancy. In addition, total lactogens
      in the serum were measured by a bioassay (BA). The BA/RIA (GH + PRL) ratio was
      greater in the breast cancer patients than the controls, indicating that variant
      forms of the hormones with higher than normal biological activity might be
      present.

PMID- 4054833
TI  - Effect of nandrolone phenylpropionate on protein metabolism in rats.

PMID- 4054834
TI  - Urinary hydroxylysine and hydroxylysyl glycosides excretion in patients with
      Turner's syndrome.
AB  - Urinary excretion of 5-hydroxylysine (Hyl) and its two glycosides, a
      monoglycoside (Gal-Hyl) and a diglycoside (Glc-Gal-Hyl), and the ratio of the
      diglycoside to monoglycoside have been studied in 30 patients with Turner's
      syndrome and in 38 healthy controls. In patients, the urinary excretion of Hyl
      and its diglycoside was similar to that obtained in the controls, while the
      excretion of the monoglycoside was significantly lower before the age of 17
      years. As a consequence, between 6 and 17 years of age the Glc-Gal-Hyl/Gal-Hyl
      ratio is significantly higher in patients with Turner's syndrome than in normal
      subjects. The results of our study seem to indicate a disturbance in the turnover
      of collagen in Turner's syndrome.

PMID- 4054835
TI  - Prolactin. International symposium on clinical endocrinology. Paris, May 18-19,
      1984.

PMID- 4054836
TI  - Regulation of prolactin release by angiotensin.
AB  - In superfused anterior pituitary cell aggregates, prolactin release is stimulated
      by angiotensin II (AII) in a concentration-dependent fashion between 0.1 and 10
      nM. When studied in aggregates prepared from pituitary cell populations separated
      according to size by unit gravity sedimentation, the PRL response to AII was weak
      in a population enriched in lactotrophs but deprived of gonadotrophs. In other
      separated populations, the response increased with the proportional number of
      gonadotrophs. The response also increased when lactotrophs were co-aggregated
      with an enriched population of gonadotrophs. It is proposed that the PRL response
      to AII is augmented by an intercellular messenger system presumably operating
      between gonadotrophs and lactotrophs.

PMID- 4054837
TI  - Interactions of steroids with prolactin secretion in vitro.
AB  - Estrogens prevent or diminish the sensitivity to dopamine of prolactin (PRL)
      secretion by cultured rat pituitary cells. Cultured tumor cells prepared from a
      transplantable rat PRL-secreting tumor were insensitive to dopamine and
      bromocriptine, while the anti-estrogen tamoxifen restored this sensitivity.
      Cultured normal human pituitary cells were shown to be more sensitive to
      dopamine, if they were preincubated with estradiol, while cultured human
      prolactinoma cells became insensitive to bromocriptine after they were exposed to
      estrogens. This sensitivity was restored, however, by tamoxifen. These results
      point to an important species difference between primates and rodents with regard
      to the normal regulation of PRL secretion.

PMID- 4054838
TI  - Prolactin concentrations in follicular fluid following ovarian hyperstimulation
      for in vitro fertilization.
AB  - Prolactin (PRL) and sex steroid concentrations were measured in follicular fluids
      of women treated either with (1) clomiphene/hCG or with (2) clomiphene + hMG/hCG.
      Method 1 of ovarian stimulation resulted in lower follicular PRL and higher
      oestradiol-17 beta (E2) and progesterone (P) concentrations than method 2. There
      was no difference in the PRL and sex steroid concentrations of follicles with
      fertilized and of those yielding unfertilized ova, but in both stimulation types,
      follicles from which no oocytes were obtained had high PRL and low E2 and P
      levels. Significant positive correlations were evident for PRL and T and E2 and
      P, respectively, while PRL and P were negatively correlated.

PMID- 4054840
TI  - Management of borderline hyperprolactinemia.
AB  - Progressively increasing plasma prolactin (PRL) concentrations are currently
      associated with menstrual disturbances, anovulation and cessation of cyclic
      activity. Galactorrhea-amenorrhea in the presence of normal plasma PRL is rare,
      but the favorable response to bromocriptine confirms its lactogen dependency. The
      concept of "transient hyperprolactinemia' is analyzed and alternative
      explanations for the positive results of dopamine agonist therapy in this
      particular condition are proposed. Moderate hyperprolactinemia can be associated
      with luteal inadequacy and infertility. Inhibition of PRL secretion with
      bromocriptine can normalize luteal function and restore the ability to conceive.

PMID- 4054839
TI  - Hyperprolactinemia and sexual function in men.
AB  - Male hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) is known to induce different types of sexual
      dysfunctions. In order to determine the incidence of HPRL among patients referred
      for sexual dysfunction, serum prolactin (PRL) was assayed in 1053 clinically
      idiopathic cases. Among 850 cases complaining of erectile impotence, 10 with
      marked HPRL (1.1%, PRL above 35 ng/ml) were found, of whom 6 cases were
      associated with a pituitary adenoma. 17 mild HPRL (2%, PRL 20-35 ng/ml) were also
      found. Among 124 cases with premature ejaculation, 13 (10%) mild HPRL were found.
      Serum PRL was normal in 51 cases complaining of an ejaculation without orgasm,
      and 27 patients exclusively complaining of reduced sexual desire. Our results lay
      stress on the fact that serum PRL must be assayed in every case of clinically
      idiopathic erectile impotence. Indeed, 5 of the 10 marked HPRL patients would
      have been misdiagnosed if we had only assayed this hormone when plasma
      testosterone was below the normal range. Moreover, in order to shed some light on
      the mechanisms by which HPRL disturbs male sexual function, the sexual behaviour
      of 17 markedly HPRL males was compared to their serum levels of PRL and
      testosterone, first before treatment, then at regular intervals during treatment.
      Our main conclusion is that impotence cannot be totally explained by a decrease
      in plasma testosterone, because this steroid hormone was within the normal range
      7 of the 16 impotent patients. Moreover, when serum PRL was lowered by
      bromocriptine, 6 patients recovered their potency before plasma testosterone
      clearly increased, and in 3 of those patients before it reached the normal
      range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4054841
TI  - Which treatment for hyperprolactinemic females?
AB  - This paper has as its first aim the review of the present evidence for risks of
      chronic hyperprolactinemia as well as benefits and hazards of treatment tools.
      Among long-term risks, an increased incidence of breast cancer is unlikely while
      growth of pituitary adenomas occur in a minority. Though control of prolactin
      secretion can be obtained in most cases, cure of the disease is estimated to be
      nil with dopaminergic drugs and less than 50% with pituitary surgery. The
      efficacy of radiotherapy remains questionable. The choice of short- and long-term
      treatment is discussed according to specific clinical conditions.

PMID- 4054842
TI  - Surgical treatment of prolactinomas. Short- and long-term results, prognostic
      factors.
AB  - All 347 patients surgically treated for a prolactinoma from January 1, 1976 to
      December 31, 1982, in the neurosurgical ward of Foch Hospital, were
      retrospectively studied. The frequency of postoperative normalisation of plasma
      prolactin (PRL) depends on prolactinoma size, preoperative PRL level, duration of
      first clinical symptom, previous oestroprogestative contraception, and adenoma
      necrosis. Postoperative PRL values were normalized in 75% of small prolactinomas
      (grade 0, 1 or 2) with preoperative PRL values less than 200 ng/ml, and clinical
      duration less than 5 years (n = 102). There was no operative death and minor
      morbidity (2.7%). Among the 96 patients with postoperative PRL normalisation,
      operated between 1976 and 1979, 70 were followed up for an average time of 4.4 +/
      0.2 years. 17% of patients had hyperprolactinemia recurrence with a delay of 1.5
      +/- 0.4 years. Postoperative PRL levels near the upper normal limit, and weak PRL
      response to TRH tests were found to be unfavourable prognostic factors for
      hyperprolactinemia recurrence. Pregnancy did not increase the risk of recurrence,
      but could reflect genuine long-lasting remission. Selective adenomectomy remains
      an interesting treatment for prolactinoma, particularly if the adenoma is small,
      recent and with PRL moderately increased. The frequency of postoperative PRL
      normalisation after surgery is less than with bromocriptine, but surgery is the
      only treatment able to achieve a definitive cure with a low iatrogenic risk.

PMID- 4054843
TI  - Medical treatment of hyperprolactinemia.
AB  - The current treatment of choice for primary hyperprolactinemia is medical. This
      is true not only for idiopathic forms, but also for micro- and
      macroprolactinomas, which are the most frequent causes of this pathology.
      Although questioned by some authors, the slow evolution of the illness, the
      rarity of transformation of a microadenoma into a macroadenoma, and the
      possibility of spontaneous cure cause most authors to favor medical treatment,
      with which they observe both normalization of gonadal function and tumor
      regression. By retrospective analysis of 95 hyperprolactinemic patients (72 women
      and 23 men including 26 cases of suspected microadenoma and 44 macroadenomas)
      treated with 3 dopamine agonists (bromocriptine, metergoline and CU 32085)
      between 1975 and 1983, and with the help of large series published in the
      literature, we have tried to review the present knowledge of this subject. After
      a quick review of different medications, we will consider their prolactin
      suppressing effects, their influences upon gonadal and gonadotropic functions,
      and their antitumoral action. More specific problems will then be discussed: side
      effects, resistance, possibility of cure, the evolution of the prolactinoma, the
      place of medical therapy relative to surgery, and contraception in association
      with dopaminergics.

PMID- 4054844
TI  - Follow-up of children born of bromocriptine-treated mothers.
AB  - A survey carried out in France at the beginning of 1984 concerning development of
      children born of mothers treated with bromocriptine (BC) during part or all of
      the pregnancy showed the absence of any adverse effects of BC in 64 children born
      from 53 mothers. In 60 cases, BC was prescribed (2.5-7.5 mg/day) for
      hyperprolactinemia; 23 mothers were treated with BC for 4 weeks or less, and 23
      others for 30 weeks or more. After a follow-up of between 6 months and 9 years,
      all children are normal. Psychological development in the 23 children born to
      mothers treated with BC during more than 30 weeks of pregnancy actually appears
      more precocious, with excellent scholastic performance in the oldest.

PMID- 4054845
TI  - Colonic mucosa adjacent to adenomas and hyperplastic polyps--a morphological and
      histochemical study.
AB  - The morphological and histochemical features of colonic mucosa adjacent to 142
      adenomas and 31 hyperplastic polyps were studied. Three predominant patterns were
      identified: (1) normal mucosa, showing normal histological architecture and
      secretion of sulphomucins; (2) N+ type, histologically normal mucosa with
      predominance of sialomucins; (3) transitional mucosa; hyperplastic mucosa
      secreting sialomucins. Hyperplastic changes were observed in the immediate
      neighbourhood or at the base of adenomas and were more frequent and extensive
      near large adenomas than around smaller lesions. Sialomucins were often
      predominant in the mucosa adjacent to large adenomas, but N+ type mucosa was also
      seen near minute adenomas and hyperplastic polyps and remote from polypoid
      lesions. Moreover, both hyperplastic and secretory changes were more frequent in
      the left colon than in the right. These findings seem to suggest that mucosal
      hyperplasia more likely represents a local change, parallel with or secondary to
      tumour development rather than a pre-adenomatous lesion. Secretory modifications
      are widespread and may result from the action of various factors among which
      carcinogens cannot be excluded.

PMID- 4054846
TI  - Selective sparing of enterochromaffin cells in graft versus host disease
      affecting the colonic mucosa.
AB  - Graft versus host disease affecting the large bowel causes destruction of the
      crypt epithelium. There is a selective sparing of enterochromaffin cells in the
      majority of cases. As a consequence, single as well as small clumps of
      enterochromaffin cells are to be seen in the sites formerly occupied by the
      destroyed crypt epithelium. The reason for this phenomenon is unclear, but it may
      be related to the fact that the enterochromaffin cells are end-stage and non
      proliferating cells. This is useful diagnostically. However, cytotoxic drugs or
      irradiation must be excluded as the cause of the mucosal damage to bowel as there
      are theoretical reasons to expect that a similar phenomenon will be seen after
      these forms of therapy.

PMID- 4054847
TI  - High-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - A case of high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the breast with a dominantly
      epidermoid component is presented. The tumour was biochemically oestrogen and
      progesterone receptor negative. Though the primary tumour was small (1 cm) and
      without axillary lymph node metastases at mastectomy, the clinical course was
      rapid. Despite radio-, chemo- and hormonal therapy the patient died 25 months
      after mastectomy with widespread systemic disease. The metastatic pattern was
      that of typical breast carcinoma despite the unusual histological appearance of
      both primary and metastatic tumour tissue.

PMID- 4054849
TI  - Induction of ear wiggling in the estrous female rat by gonadectomized rats
      treated with androgens and estrogens.
AB  - Intact and gonadectomized male and female rats treated with estradiol and/or
      dihydrotestosterone were introduced into the cage of estrous female rats. For 3
      min the number of periods with ear wiggling displayed by the estrous female and
      the total duration of the periods with ear wiggling were recorded. It was found
      that estrous females showed about twice as much ear wiggling in the presence of
      intact males as in the presence of gonadectomized male and female rats. However,
      gonadectomized male and female rats treated with dihydrotestosterone induced as
      much ear wiggling as intact males did. In contrast, administration of estradiol
      to the gonadectomized stimulus rats did not affect the rate of ear wiggling of
      the estrous females. Estrous females showed the lowest rate of ear wiggling in
      the presence of intact female rats. It has been suggested that
      dihydrotestosterone-treated male and female rats have an odor which sexually
      excites estrous female rats.

PMID- 4054848
TI  - Concomitant angiosarcoma and carcinoma of the breast: a case report.
AB  - A case of concomitant angiosarcoma and carcinoma of the left breast in a forty
      three year old woman is described. Following a diagnosis of angiosarcoma she was
      treated by simple mastectomy. Five months later, left axillary lymph node biopsy
      showed metastatic adenocarcinoma. Retrospective examination of the mastectomy
      specimen disclosed a concomitant but separate adenocarcinoma. The patient remains
      well after 3 years. The implications of this rare association are discussed and
      the long survival gives an opportunity to review the prognosis in breast
      angiosarcomas.

PMID- 4054850
TI  - Specificity and neural sites of action of anisomycin in the reduction or
      facilitation of female sexual behavior in rats.
AB  - These experiments were designed to investigate the role of neuronal protein
      synthesis in the hormonal activation of female sexual behavior using intracranial
      implants of the protein synthesis inhibitor, anisomycin. In the first experiment,
      female rats receiving bilateral cannulae implants in the medial preoptic area
      (POA), septal region (SEPT), ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), or midbrain central
      gray (CG) were injected with 2.5 micrograms estradiol benzoate (EB), followed 48
      hr later by 500 micrograms progesterone (P). Females receiving anisomycin in the
      VMH at the time of EB injection had lower levels of lordosis and darting compared
      to tests without anisomycin. Sexual behavior was unaffected in females receiving
      anisomycin implants in the POA, SEPT, or CG. In a second experiment, we
      replicated the finding that anisomycin could attenuate lordotic responsivity when
      placed in the VMH of female rats injected with 2.5 micrograms EB and 500
      micrograms P. In addition, we found that POA implants of anisomycin could
      facilitate lordosis in females given a low dose of EB (1.25 microgram) plus 500
      micrograms P. In a third experiment, we assessed the effects of anisomycin
      application to the VMH or POA of female rats receiving estradiol (E; diluted
      1:250 with cholesterol) implants in the VMH and systemic P. Treatment of the VMH
      with anisomycin prior to E in the VMH suppressed lordotic responding, whereas
      anisomycin application to the POA prior to E in the VMH had no effect on
      lordosis. The results of these experiments suggest that reducing protein
      synthesis in the region of the VMH disrupts the action of estrogen on the VMH,
      and that the facilitative action of anisomycin in the POA of female rats requires
      more estrogen treatment than threshold stimulation of the VMH alone.

PMID- 4054851
TI  - Effects of testosterone on the behavior of male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca
      fascicularis).
AB  - To determine the threshold doses of testosterone propionate (TP) that cause clear
      cut behavioral changes in the sexual behavior of castrated male cynomolgus
      monkeys, observations were made on three males during successive 5-week treatment
      periods while they received daily subcutaneous doses of 100 micrograms TP
      increasing in octaves to 25.6 mg TP. Males were tested with each of the same two
      ovariectomized, estrogen-treated females (6 pairs, 330 1-hr behavior tests). To
      mimic the diurnal plasma testosterone rhythm, TP injections were given at 1600 hr
      and blood samples were obtained at 0800 hr (141 samples). Male ejaculatory
      activity increased at the threshold dose of 200 micrograms TP per day giving
      plasma testosterone levels of 830 ng/100 ml, which is in the physiological range
      of 600-1600 ng/100 ml for intact males. This threshold dose was eight times
      higher than in rhesus monkeys on a dose per kilogram body weight basis. There was
      a further marked increase in ejaculatory performance at higher doses (6.4 to 25.6
      mg) giving supraphysiological plasma levels of 4000-9000 ng/100 ml. There were
      individual differences in the behavioral changes occurring with TP treatment, and
      the female partner modulated the effects. These findings were generally similar
      to those obtained with male rhesus monkeys, but certain species differences were
      noted.

PMID- 4054852
TI  - Effects of chronically elevated intake of sweet solutions on sexual behavior of
      male rats.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted on the sexual behavior of gonadally intact and
      castrated male Sabra rats. Half of the animals drank water during the course of
      the experiment and half were offered sweet solutions, the assumption being that
      sweet gustatory stimulation elevates the level of central endogenous opioid
      peptides in rats. The effects on sexual behavior of the following drugs were
      explored: the opiate receptor blocker naloxone (5 mg/kg, sc), the serotonin
      precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) (20 mg/kg, sc), the serotonin antagonist
      methysergide (1 mg/kg, sc), and naloxone in combination with methysergide.
      Naloxone, whether administered alone or in combination with methysergide,
      impaired sexual performance in castrated male rats, and in gonadally intact rats
      maintained on sweet solutions. Methysergide elevated sexual behavior in all
      groups, whereas 5-HTP tended to suppress such behavior. The results support the
      hypothesis that endogenous opiates play a role in the expression of male sexual
      behavior in rats. While subtle in intact animals this role may become crucial
      following the disruption of sex hormone supply. Serotonergic influence on male
      sexual behavior is inhibitory.

PMID- 4054853
TI  - The role of the uterus in regulation of heat duration in cycling rats.
AB  - These experiments examined the effects of hysterectomy on heat duration and on
      the reinduction of estrous behavior by progesterone (P) following the termination
      of spontaneous heat in 4-day cycling rats. Hysterectomy did not affect the onset
      of estrus but prolonged heat duration. The average duration of sexual receptivity
      for hysterectomized (H) and sham-hysterectomized (SH) rats was 18.2 and 13.0 hr,
      respectively. Furthermore, H animals injected with either 0.5 mg P within 2 hr,
      or 4.0 mg P 24 hr following the termination of natural estrus showed
      significantly higher lordosis and solicitation responses than SH rats similarly
      treated. These behavioral findings were correlated with the level of hypothalamic
      progestin receptors. That is, H animals had a significantly higher concentration
      of progestin receptors than SH rats immediately following the termination of
      spontaneous heat and also 24 hr later. Both in estrous-cycling rats and in
      gonadectomized animals treated with estradiol benzoate (EB), hysterectomy
      resulted in higher serum estradiol (E2) levels. The results of these experiments
      suggest that prolongation of the period of sexual receptivity and the facilitated
      behavioral responses to P following the cessation of estrus in hysterectomized
      animals may be due to a lowered clearance rate of circulating estradiol which
      presumably enhances the estrogen conditioning of the neural substrates.

PMID- 4054854
TI  - Effects on penile reflexes and plasma hormones of hyperprolactinemia induced by
      MtTW15 tumors.
AB  - The effects of severe hyperprolactinemia induced by MtTW15 tumors (prolactin- and
      growth-hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma) on penile reflex activity and blood
      hormones were examined. There was no significant adverse effect of
      hyperprolactinemia on penile reflexes at 7, 14, or 21 days after tumor
      inoculation. However, a virtual elimination of penile reflex activity was
      observed 34 days after inoculation. Additionally, significant decrements in serum
      testosterone and dihydrotestosterone and an elevation in progesterone were seen
      at this time concomittant with greatly increased prolactin levels. The results
      suggest that erectile dysfunction may contribute to hyperprolactinemia-induced
      copulatory failure.

PMID- 4054855
TI  - The effects of early and late androgen treatments on the behavior of Sarotherodon
      mossambicus (Pisces: Cichlidae).
AB  - Groups of Sarotherodon mossambicus were treated with androgen by immersion or
      oral treatment at various stages of development. Fish were allowed to mature and
      the effects of treatment on gonadal and behavioral differentiation were examined.
      The effects of treatment on gonadal differentiation were assessed by determining
      the sex ratio for each group. Three treatments resulted in sex ratios
      significantly different from the 1:1 sex ratio obtained in untreated fish.
      Behavioral differences were detected between groups of males in three measures of
      territorial defense and aggression, and differences were detected between groups
      of females in two measures of male-female courtship interaction. A second
      experiment determined that early-treated females were more sensitive to a second
      androgen treatment later in life than females not exposed to androgen during
      development. A number of sex-reversed genetic females functioning as males were
      detected in two treatment groups with predominantly male sex ratios. There were
      no differences in the behavior of sex-reversed and non-sex-reversed male fish
      from the same treatment group. This study establishes that hormone treatments
      administered during development influence behavioral differentiation in a
      teleost.

PMID- 4054856
TI  - Estrogens before birth and development of sex-related reproductive traits in the
      female guinea pig.
AB  - Influences of estrogens on the differentiation of psychosexual traits in the
      female guinea pig were studied. Pregnant animals were injected intramuscularly
      with either 1, 2, or 3.3 micrograms estradiol benzoate (EB) or with 1 or 3
      micrograms diethylstilbestrol dipropionate (DESDP). Injections were started on
      the 29th day of pregnancy, given daily for 6 days, and continued every other day
      until parturition. Female offspring were evaluated for onset of puberty, ovarian
      function, and lordosis and mounting behavior in adulthood. Prenatal treatment
      with 3 micrograms DESDP caused delayed puberty, impaired ovarian function,
      reduced responsiveness of lordosis to EB and P in adulthood (defeminization),
      augmented mounting in the absence of hormones (masculinization), and reduced
      responsiveness of mounting to exogenous EB and P in adulthood (defeminization).
      Prenatal treatment with 1 microgram DESDP produced similar but less pronounced
      effects. Prenatal treatment with 3.3 micrograms EB also caused a delay in
      puberty. However, responsiveness of lordosis to EB and P in adulthood was
      enhanced by treatment with either 1 or 3.3 micrograms EB prenatally. Further,
      neither mounting in the absence of hormones nor mounting in response to EB and P
      in adulthood were affected in any measurable way by any prenatal treatment with
      EB. These results show that estrogens can have masculinizing and defeminizing
      effects on sexually dimorphic reproductive traits in guinea pigs. The failure of
      EB to duplicate or parallel the effects of DESDP is not completely understood at
      this time, but it may indicate that less of the active substance reaches the
      target tissues following maternal and placental metabolism of EB than of DESDP.

PMID- 4054857
TI  - Relationship between growth hormone levels and time spent by soldiers in an
      active war zone.
AB  - In a study involving soldiers in an active war zone, we found that serum levels
      of growth hormone correlated significantly with the amount of time spent in the
      war zone. Serum cortisol and prolactin showed no such correlation. Our
      observation suggests that growth hormone may be a useful marker of chronic
      stress.

PMID- 4054859
TI  - The role of the mental health professional in court.

PMID- 4054860
TI  - The amytal interview in the treatment of psychogenic amnesia.

PMID- 4054858
TI  - Considering family versus other therapies after a teenager's suicide attempt.

PMID- 4054861
TI  - Chronic mentally ill women: emergence and legitimation of program issues.
AB  - Program development for chronic mentally ill women is emerging in a climate where
      more general concerns relating to women's health and mental health are
      increasingly being examined. Although in the past the special needs of chronic
      mentally ill women have received scant attention in the professional literature,
      there is evidence today of a growing commitment to serving this population. The
      author traces the emergence and legitimation of three specific issues-
      homelessness, skills training, and family planning--that reflect the complexity
      of program development for this population. As specific issues in service
      delivery to chronic mentally ill women come to the fore and move toward relevant
      solutions, we may anticipate a sharpening of planning concepts. Both male and
      female chronic mental patients stand to benefit from these developments.

PMID- 4054862
TI  - Deferred pelvic examinations: a purposeful omission in the care of mentally ill
      women.
AB  - In their struggle to meet the multiple psychiatric and rehabilitative needs of
      the many chronic mentally ill living in the community, community mental health
      centers and aftercare clinics have overlooked the importance of pelvic
      examinations for women patients. The author presents a review of the literature
      focusing on the reasons that such exams are generally deferred and the arguments
      that support conducting complete physical examinations of women psychiatric
      patients. She then presents results of a study that indicate the extent to which
      pelvic examinations are deferred, suggests steps that facilities can take to
      rectify the problem, and poses questions for further research.

PMID- 4054863
TI  - Family violence: principles of intervention and prevention.
AB  - The dispersal of clinical and research information on family violence among many
      subspecialties has obscured the multidimensional nature of the problem and the
      need for clinicians in all settings to develop a coherent approach to family
      violence. Through an interpretive review, the author discusses specific mental
      health contacts that necessitate the exploration of family violence. Failure to
      do so may lead to underdiagnosis of dissociative disorders and overdiagnosis of
      depressive disorders in victims. The author also discusses three types of
      interventions--verbalization, violence-prevention strategies, and advocacy and
      support--that are useful with victims, abusers, and other family members as well
      as with "battered professionals" who handle these cases, and describes a
      comprehensive intervention program.

PMID- 4054864
TI  - Psychological considerations in the use of psychotropic drugs with women
      patients.
AB  - The use of psychotropic drugs with women patients raises special considerations.
      In some settings women are medicated too readily, and in others they have
      inadequate access to comprehensive care that includes medication. However,
      judicious use of medications to relieve disabling symptoms frequently promotes
      productive psychotherapy. Either prescribing drugs or withholding medication may
      involve special transference and countertransference issues for the woman
      patient. Women also have special concerns and conflicts about the effects of
      psychotropic drugs on pregnancy and lactation and about side effects involving
      sexual functioning and change of appearance.

PMID- 4054865
TI  - Benefits of long-term group therapy for disadvantaged Hispanic outpatients.
AB  - The authors describe a long-term group therapy program that has been successful
      in helping Hispanic women cope with adverse social and economic conditions and
      with a male-dominated culture. The group members explore conflicts presented by
      traditional roles of men and women in Hispanic culture and the issues of
      acculturation, family conflicts, children's performance, and violence, crime, and
      drug use in the community. Therapists' use of role modeling and didactic
      discussion encourages group members to share and examine their feelings, to
      provide insight into other members' feelings, and to slowly change their
      behavior.

PMID- 4054866
TI  - The health care needs of women veterans.
AB  - Although women veterans accounted for 4.1 percent of all veterans in 1983, they
      accounted for only 1.5 percent of all discharges from Veterans Administration
      hospitals in that year. These data suggest that women veterans are not utilizing
      their health care benefits as often as male veterans do, possibly because they
      are choosing to receive health care in non-VA facilities. Furthermore, the
      patterns of utilization for women veterans suggest a selective use of VA
      hospitals for serious illnesses that require protracted care. The author explores
      some possible explanations for this phenomenon and emphasizes the need for the VA
      health care system to incorporate such information in the planning of health care
      services for women veterans.

PMID- 4054868
TI  - Teaching mental health trainees to work with families of the chronic mentally
      ill.

PMID- 4054869
TI  - Psychiatrists' perceptions of mental health manpower needs in various population
      areas.

PMID- 4054867
TI  - Contemporary issues in obstetrics and gynecology for the consultation-liaison
      psychiatrist.
AB  - Medical advances in obstetrics and gynecology, combined with the
      depersonalization of health care and changes in sexual and reproductive behaviors
      in the general population, lead to challenging new problems for the psychiatric
      consultant who deals with reproductive issues. The author describes contemporary
      issues encountered in consultation-liaison work with the obstetrics and
      gynecology service in a general hospital. They include the reproductive
      implications of medical illnesses, the stress of deciding whether to continue a
      pregnancy known to carry genetic risk, the intrusiveness of certain options for
      dealing with infertility, parental expectations for a perfect baby, and the
      difficulties some traditional practitioners have in adapting their practice
      styles to the changing needs of the patient population.

PMID- 4054870
TI  - Elderly fallers.

PMID- 4054871
TI  - Eliciting information.

PMID- 4054872
TI  - Foreign-born patients.

PMID- 4054873
TI  - Outpatient visits rise, affect expenses.

PMID- 4054874
TI  - Insurers, UR firm form partnership to gain nationwide bargaining clout.

PMID- 4054875
TI  - Ethics committees double since '83: survey.

PMID- 4054876
TI  - Admitting systems aid planning, enhance efficiency.

PMID- 4054877
TI  - Integrating registration areas cuts costs.

PMID- 4054878
TI  - Hospital marketing more sophisticated: survey.

PMID- 4054880
TI  - HMO field now produces its own top execs.

PMID- 4054879
TI  - Insurance coverage drives consumer behavior.

PMID- 4054881
TI  - New money + savings = window refinancing.

PMID- 4054882
TI  - In-house legal counsel a recent phenomenon.

PMID- 4054883
TI  - Hospital group markets clinical trial research sites.

PMID- 4054884
TI  - California physical therapists in private practice form their own PPA, seeking
      representation in marketplace.

PMID- 4054885
TI  - Referral center created in a remote area.

PMID- 4054886
TI  - Pricing nursing services.

PMID- 4054888
TI  - Data-processing pay rises as job functions shift.

PMID- 4054887
TI  - Labor: a growing force in controlling health costs.

PMID- 4054889
TI  - Wound healing revisited: fibronectin and company.

PMID- 4054890
TI  - Expert systems: robot physicians of the future?

PMID- 4054891
TI  - Segmental subepithelial deposits in primary glomerulonephritis: scanning electron
      microscopic examination of acellular glomeruli.
AB  - More accurate perception of the structural alterations in glomerular basement
      membrane (GBM) produced by subepithelial immune complex deposits is possible with
      a recently adapted technique that uses scanning electron microscopy of acellular
      material. With this procedure frozen tissue is treated sequentially by osmotic
      lysis, detergents, and DNase to solubilize both cellular components and immune
      complex deposits. Four patients with glomerulonephritis (acute postinfectious
      glomerulonephritis [one patient], segmental membranous glomerulonephritis [two
      patients], membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, type III [one patient]) in
      whom segmental subepithelial deposits were found were studied by this technique;
      the resulting observations were correlated with the results of routine
      morphologic studies and a previous study of minimal change disease and diffuse
      membranous glomerulonephritis. Four types of structural alterations of the
      subepithelial GBM surface were observed. The differences in lesions observed in
      the various forms of glomerulonephritis are believed to be related to temporal,
      quantitative, and qualitative differences in immune complex-mediated glomerular
      injury.

PMID- 4054893
TI  - Crystalline foreign particulate material in hernia sacs.
AB  - The subserosal stroma of hernia sacs consistently contains birefringent
      particulate material, in amounts greater than those observed in other intra
      abdominal organs. The major component of this material was shown in the present
      study to be talc; thus, it cannot be of endogenous origin. Cellular response to
      this foreign material is remarkably slight. Possible sources of the material and
      mechanisms of access to the hernia sac were examined in a search of the available
      literature. It is proposed that the probable source is ingestion with food or,
      more likely, medications and that the particles reach the peritoneal cavity by
      migration through the intact intestinal wall. They probably reach the hernia by
      sedimentation in peritoneal fluid and subsequently migrate into the subserosa.
      The virtual absence of response to the particles is attributed to their
      composition (silicate) and their relatively small size (up to about 10 microns)
      compared with the particles in talc granulomas (up to at least 50 microns).

PMID- 4054892
TI  - Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis: quantitative analysis of lesions producing
      airflow limitation.
AB  - The lungs of three patients dying of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), which in two
      of the patients was associated with tuberous sclerosis, were studied to
      characterize better the sites of airflow limitation in this condition.
      Quantitative studies showed that small airways were narrowed and collapsed
      because of the surrounding emphysema, but few airways contained excess smooth
      muscle. These findings suggest that the airspace lesions are more important than
      muscular proliferation in small airways in producing airflow limitation. In the
      two patients who had LAM with tuberous sclerosis, sex steroid assays were
      negative. Pleurodesis controlled pleural effusions in all three patients but may
      have contributed to reductions in lung volume.

PMID- 4054894
TI  - Benign breast lesions with malignant clinical and mammographic presentations.
AB  - Nine cases of benign breast disease in which mammograms had been false-positive
      were collected at Northwestern Memorial Hospital. In all but one case the
      patients had presented initially with questionable masses that required biopsies
      with requests for frozen section diagnoses. Included in the study were three
      cases of indurative mastopathy, three cases of fibrocystic disease with
      sclerosing adenosis, and one case each of sclerosing papillary proliferation,
      infarcted intraductal papilloma, and fat necrosis with foreign body giant cell
      reaction. The mammographic and histologic findings for all cases were reviewed.
      Indurative mastopathy is a poorly known entity with radiologic features highly
      suggestive of malignancy. As described previously (Cancer 47:561, 1981), the
      lesion consists of a central nidus of elastosis with irregular projections
      radiating into the adjacent breast tissue. Peripheral areas of the infarcted
      papilloma and sclerosing papillary proliferation could be confused with
      infiltrating carcinoma in frozen sections. Familiarity of pathologists with these
      lesions is essential for avoiding the overdiagnosis of carcinoma.

PMID- 4054895
TI  - Structure of a radiate pseudocolony associated with an intrauterine contraceptive
      device.
AB  - Transmission electron microscopy of a radiate pseudocolony associated with an
      intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) showed central bundles of extracellular
      fibers averaging 35 nm in diameter, surrounded by layered mantles of electron
      dense, amorphous granular material. No bacterial, viral, or fungal structures
      were present. X-ray microanalysis revealed copper, sulfur, chloride, iron, and
      phosphorus; no calcium was found. It is postulated that these structures and
      histologically identical non-IUCD-associated granules from the female genital
      tract, as well as similar structures from other body locations, including those
      reported in colloid cysts of the third ventricle, are of lipofuscin origin.

PMID- 4054897
TI  - A case of congenital esophageal stenosis.
AB  - A case study of congenital esophageal stenosis is reported. Light microscopic
      examination revealed extensive disorganization of the inner circular muscle
      layer, with partial absence of the muscularis mucosae.

PMID- 4054896
TI  - Traumatic neuroma of the cystic duct in the absence of previous surgery.
AB  - An amputation neuroma of the cystic duct was found in the markedly fibrotic
      gallbladder of an 88-year-old man. Since most visceral amputation neuromas follow
      surgery and this patient had never undergone surgery, it is postulated that the
      stimulus for the neural and fibrous proliferation was leakage of bile and/or
      cholesterol.

PMID- 4054898
TI  - Dirofilaria immitis in a portacaval shunt.
AB  - The fifth known case of intravascular human infection with an adult Dirofilaria
      immitis (canine heartworm) is reported. This mature, but nongravid, female
      nematode was recovered at autopsy from a prosthetic portacaval shunt. A brief
      review of human dirofilariasis is presented.

PMID- 4054900
TI  - Umbilical cord teratoma.

PMID- 4054899
TI  - Reproducibility of morphometric image analysis.

PMID- 4054901
TI  - Arteritis or idiopathic arterial calcification of infancy.

PMID- 4054902
TI  - Human placental glucose dehydrogenase: IEF polymorphism in two Italian
      populations and enzyme activity in the six common phenotypes.
AB  - Glucose dehydrogenase (hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) has been assayed
      qualitatively and quantitatively in more than 600 human placentae collected in
      two Italian populations. The gene frequencies for GDH1, GDH2 and GDH3 were,
      respectively, 0.66, 0.21 and 0.12 in Continental Italy and 0.65, 0.23 and 0.12 in
      Sardinia. Among the six common phenotypes there was no difference in catalytic
      activity.

PMID- 4054903
TI  - Plasma cholinesterase variants. Family studies of the E1k gene.
AB  - The use of RO2-0683 as differential inhibitor has shown that 13% of 181
      heterozygotes, believed to be E1uE1a, are in fact E1aE1k. The results indicate
      that slightly more than 1% of the British population could be homozygote E1kE1k.
      Analysis of 47 families segregating the E1aE1k phenotype in more than 2 blood
      relatives is restricted by the inability to differentiate the genotypes E1uE1k
      and E1kE1k from E1uE1u and E1uE1f.

PMID- 4054904
TI  - Characterization of a human Y chromosome Pvu II repeated sequence.
AB  - The human Y chromosome carries numerous copies of a tandemly repeated Pvu II
      sequence, 2.4 kb long. These sequences are specific to humans, and are present in
      a much smaller amount in the DNA of females. They are localized on the long arm
      of the Y chromosome. We have compared this sequence with the Hae III 2.1 kb Y
      specific repeated sequence, already described.

PMID- 4054905
TI  - GC subtypes and malignant melanoma.
AB  - Using polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing (PAGIF), group-specific component
      (GC) subtypes were determined for 64 malignant melanoma patients and 208 controls
      residing in Victoria, Australia. No association was found, confirming the results
      of earlier studies.

PMID- 4054906
TI  - Equivalence of the total constitutive heterochromatin content by an
      interchromosomal compensation in the C band sizes of chromosomes 1, 9, 16, and Y
      in Caucasian and Japanese individuals.
AB  - A quantitative analysis of C bands by densitometric measurements in chromosomes
      1, 9, 16, and Y was conducted in Caucasians and Japanese living in Brazil. Sixty
      normal unrelated subjects (30 males and 30 females) were studied in each racial
      group. Caucasians presented C bands of chromosomes 1, 9, and 16 larger than
      Japanese, but, on average, only the difference for C bands of chromosome 9 was
      statistically significant. In the Japanese, the C band sizes of chromosomes Y
      were, on average, significantly larger than in the Caucasians. The mean C band
      size of chromosome 9 and the sum of the three pairs were significantly larger in
      Caucasian than in Japanese males. The total values of constitutive
      heterochromatin, sigma (1qh,9qh,16qh,Yq12), did not show significant difference
      between Caucasian and Japanese males. The relative C band sizes of chromosomes 1,
      9, and 16 were, on average, similar in Caucasians and Japanese. No sex difference
      was found in both racial groups. As regards the heteromorphism, only the values
      of C bands of chromosome 9 were, on average, significantly larger in Caucasians
      than in Japanese. Partial inversions were detected only among the Caucasians.

PMID- 4054907
TI  - Variability of genetic load with changing socio-cultural environment.
AB  - Variability in genetic load has been studied against their contrasting
      socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds in two endogamous populations, namely, the
      well-off Brahmins and the low income Jalaris of Visakhapatnam, India. The A
      (genetic and environmental damage) and B (hidden genetic damage) estimates are
      higher in Jalaris. Decreased A estimates indicate the better medical care in
      Brahmins; the value of B could be low since many of the deaths in consanguineous
      families due to infectious diseases are now rarer. The genetic load (B/A ratio)
      indicates that the average gamete carries 0.057 and 2.123 deleterious genes,
      respectively, in Brahmins and Jalaris, which, if made homozygous, would kill an
      individual before reproductive age. The load is 35 times higher in Jalaris; this
      may be due to their higher inbreeding level. Contrasting socioeconomic
      differences and meagre medical aid might add another bias towards relatively
      higher B/A in Jalaris. In general the observed genetic load in both populations
      are lower than in other studies which may be due to gradual elimination of
      deleterious genes by continued practice of inbreeding.

PMID- 4054908
TI  - C3 types in some endogamous populations of Andhra Pradesh.
AB  - The distribution of C3 phenotypes was studied in some endogamous caste groups of
      Andhra Pradesh, South India. The C3F allele was found to be at a low frequency
      and comparable to those found in castes of other regions on the Indian
      subcontinent.

PMID- 4054909
TI  - Nitrates and gastric cancer.

PMID- 4054910
TI  - Adverse reactions to drugs in migraine: some recent reports.

PMID- 4054911
TI  - Chemical accidents and toxicology.

PMID- 4054912
TI  - Renal failure and upper urinary tract obstruction after retrograde pyelography
      with potassium bromide solution.
AB  - Two iodine-sensitive women in whom potassium bromide solution was used as a
      radiocontrast agent for retrograde pyelography developed similar clinical
      conditions culminating in renal failure. Renal failure was due to upper urinary
      tract obstruction from fibrosis and fat necrosis in each case. Similar
      histological findings have been described in rabbit bladder exposed to sodium
      bromide solution. Different patterns of exposure corresponded with different
      sites of major damage in the two cases. One patient, who had repeated studies of
      the pelvicalyceal system with potassium bromide developed papillary necrosis.
      Systemic exposure to bromide-releasing compounds (in animals) and to bromides (in
      humans) has also been associated with papillary necrosis.

PMID- 4054913
TI  - Measurement of potato steroidal alkaloids in human serum and saliva by
      radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Radioimmunoassay methods are described for measuring potentially toxic potato
      glycoalkaloids and the aglycone solanidine in human serum and saliva. Solanidine
      and total alkaloid concentrations in serum and saliva during the summer are given
      for a group of subjects from the UK and a group from Sweden. Serum concentrations
      ranged from 3.2 to greater than 125 nmol/l for total alkaloid and 2.5 to 92.5
      nmol/l for solanidine and were comparable in the two populations. Salivary total
      alkaloid concentrations were only about 10% of serum values. Salivary solanidine
      concentrations did not exceed 20% of the serum levels. Good correlation was found
      between serum and salivary alkaloid concentrations (r = 0.734, for solanidine; r
      = 0.892 for total alkaloid). Serum and salivary alkaloid concentrations were
      significantly raised in a group of Swedish subjects eating potatoes containing
      unusually high concentrations of alkaloids when compared with those in a group of
      subjects eating their normal diets.

PMID- 4054914
TI  - Blood lead concentrations and lead intake in children of different ethnic origin.
AB  - Factors affecting blood lead concentrations in three groups of children of
      different ethnic origin have been investigated. Dietary lead intakes were similar
      for the three groups, the average lead intakes lay in the range 110-150
      micrograms/week. Blood lead concentrations were not related to ethnic origin when
      the effect of other factors was allowed for. Children who washed their hands
      before eating had significantly lower blood lead concentrations than those who
      did not.

PMID- 4054915
TI  - Reversible autonomic dysfunction in Oenanthe crocata poisoning evaluated by
      simple bedside tests.

PMID- 4054916
TI  - Gastric perforation after acute aspirin overdose.

PMID- 4054917
TI  - Arsenic speciation in urine from humans intoxicated by inorganic arsenic
      compounds.

PMID- 4054918
TI  - Computer simulation in biomedicine.

PMID- 4054919
TI  - Action potential collision in heart tissue--computer simulations and tissue
      experiments.

PMID- 4054920
TI  - Time-varying mechanical properties of the left ventricle--a computer simulation.

PMID- 4054921
TI  - Effect of the twisting motion on the nonuniformities of transmyocardial fiber
      mechanics and energy demand--a theoretical study.

PMID- 4054922
TI  - Simulation techniques in electromyography.

PMID- 4054923
TI  - Parameter estimation in the stenosed coronary circulatory system.

PMID- 4054924
TI  - A simulation study of physiological mechanisms controlling cerebral blood flow in
      venous hypertension.

PMID- 4054925
TI  - Neurophysiological model of the normal and abnormal human pupil.

PMID- 4054926
TI  - Analysis of fundamental human movement patterns through the use of in-depth
      antagonistic muscle models.

PMID- 4054927
TI  - Control of diabetes with artificial systems for insulin delivery--algorithm
      independent limitations revealed by a modeling study.

PMID- 4054929
TI  - Highlights from the seventh annual conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine
      and Biology Society. Frontiers of engineering and computing in health care.
      September 27-30, 1985, Chicago, IL. Abstracts.

PMID- 4054928
TI  - A system of models for fluid-electrolyte dynamics.

PMID- 4054930
TI  - Design and evaluation of a digital closed-loop controller for the regulation of
      muscle force by recruitment modulation.

PMID- 4054931
TI  - A study of the effect of sensor placement and perfusion pattern variations on
      thermal tomography solutions in hyperthermia.

PMID- 4054932
TI  - On the identification and analysis of saccadic eye movements--a quantitative
      study of the processing procedures.

PMID- 4054933
TI  - A system for automated liver tissue image analysis: methods and results.

PMID- 4054934
TI  - Ferromagnetic implants in hyperthermia.

PMID- 4054936
TI  - Noise evaluation and filter design in CT images.

PMID- 4054935
TI  - Digital filters for real-time ECG signal processing using microprocessors.

PMID- 4054937
TI  - An improved SIRT-style reconstruction algorithm for microwave tomography.

PMID- 4054938
TI  - Measurement of ultrasound velocity in tissues utilizing a microcomputer-based
      system.

PMID- 4054939
TI  - Joint annual conference of the Cardiological Society of India and the Association
      of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of India. Guwahati, Assam, October 3-6,
      1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4054940
TI  - 17th meeting of the Society of Immunology. September 25-28, 1985, Gottingen.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 4054941
TI  - Biosynthesis of the third (C3), eighth (C8), and ninth (C9) complement components
      by guinea pig hepatocyte primary cultures.
AB  - In the present report guinea pig hepatocyte primary cultures were established in
      order to study the synthesis of the eighth (C8) and ninth (C9) complement
      component. As reference-protein, the third complement component (C3) was measured
      antigenetically and hemolytically. Synthesis of C8 and C9 was determined by means
      of the hemolytic activity of the culture supernatant harvested every 24 h during
      a 6-day incubation period in vitro. The data to be reported demonstrated that the
      hepatocytes are able to synthesize spontaneously and secrete C8 and C9; in their
      culture medium a hemolytic activity of about 15-25 X 10(8) em/10(6) cells/24 h
      for C8 and of 25-90 x 10(8) em/10(6) cells/24 h for C9 were found. The same
      hepatocyte cultures produced 2500-6000 micrograms/10(6) cells/24 h of C3.
      Hemolytic C3 activity was also found in the culture media. The synthesis of C8
      and C9 could be reversibly inhibited by addition of 30-50 micrograms
      cycloheximide per ml of culture medium. The kinetics of synthesis show a slight
      decrease after the first day of culture and a recovery in the following days up
      to a rate that is two- to threefold higher than that of the first day. The data
      suggest that hepatocytes could contribute to the production of C8 and C9 present
      in the plasma.

PMID- 4054942
TI  - Specific antibodies elicited by antigen covalently linked to a synthetic
      adjuvant.
AB  - S-(2,3-Bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2RS)-propyl)-N-palmitoyl-(R)-cysteinyl-( S)-serine
      (Tripam-Cys-Ser), a synthetic analogue of the N-terminal part of bacterial
      lipoprotein, constitutes a potent B-lymphocyte activator, inducing mitosis and
      immunoglobulin production, and is an adjuvant of the humoral immune response. The
      product was covalently coupled to a nonimmunogenic oligopeptide, representing an
      extracytoplasmic sequence of the receptor for the epidermal growth factor (EGF-R
      amino acids 516-529: Asn-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gly-Glu-Pro-Arg-Glu-Phe-Val-Glu-Asn-Ser).
      The resulting conjugate was able to induce a specific antibody response 2 wk
      after a single i.p. administration in mice, as measured by ELISA assays. Controls
      performed by injecting either adjuvant or oligopeptide alone, or a mixture of
      both compounds, elicited only a marginal stimulation of the specific antibody
      response. The conjugate was also immunogenic in vitro. Synthetically derived
      lipopeptides, thus, constitute powerful agents for turning substances of low
      immunogenicity into potent immunogens, after conjugating them covalently to the
      adjuvants. This technique should have a wide application in the preparation of
      conventional and monoclonal antibodies, as well as for the design of synthetic
      vaccines.

PMID- 4054943
TI  - Genetic control of immunity to Trichinella spiralis in mice: capacity of cells
      from slow responder mice to transfer immunity in syngeneic and F1 hybrid
      recipients.
AB  - Mice of the C57BL/10 (B10) strain are slow responders to infection with T.
      spiralis in terms of ability to expel worms from the intestine. Compared with
      rapid-responder NIH mice, infection stimulates a slower and reduced blast cell
      response in the draining mesenteric lymph node (MLN). Transfer of immune cells
      from the MLN (MLNC) does not accelerate worm expulsion from naive B10 recipient
      mice, even though MLNC from this strain effectively transfer immunity to (B10 X
      NIH) F1 recipients. In common with other B10 background mice C57BL/10 show an
      infection-dose related suppression of immunity to T. spiralis. Such suppression
      does not appear to determine the response to MLNC, as adoptive transfer into B10
      recipients was not enhanced by reducing the level of challenge infection given,
      and transfer into F1 recipients was unaffected by simultaneous transfer of
      lymphocyte populations from donors infected at a level which would induce
      suppression. A hypothesis is proposed which relates slow response status to (i)
      the inherent capacity of the intestinal inflammatory component of worm expulsion,
      and (ii) the outcome of infection-dose related stimulatory and suppressive
      influences acting on the two interacting lymphocyte components of expulsion. The
      relevance of H-2-linked and non-H-2 genes to the control of the response is
      discussed.

PMID- 4054944
TI  - Reversal of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity suppression by
      cycloheximide.
AB  - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) carried out by fresh and
      precultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was compared. The results
      indicate that the cytotoxic capability was decreased in precultured PBMC,
      probably due to the effect of suppressor cells. The depletion of adherent cells
      before preincubation eliminated inhibitory effects, suggesting that the
      suppressor activity resided in this cell fraction. In addition, supernatants from
      adherent cell cultures were also able to suppress ADCC of non-adherent PBMC.
      Normal ADCC values were restored by supplementing the reaction medium with
      cycloheximide (Cy) 1 X 10(-3) M. The enhancing effect of Cy was exerted upon
      whole and adherent PBMC, while the opposite effect was observed when ADCC was
      carried out by non-adherent cells. The fact that Cy increased ADCC activity by
      precultured PBMC might rule out the possibility that suppression could be
      ascribed to trivial factors such as cell death, overcrowding or steric hindrance.
      The results presented in this report support the premise that ADCC is under
      active immunoregulation.

PMID- 4054945
TI  - Secretory immune responses in ageing rats. I. Immunoglobulin levels.
AB  - Immunoglobulin levels in saliva, serum and gastrointestinal perfusates were
      measured in groups of ageing CDF (F-344)Cr1BR rats. Four age groups were studied,
      including: (i) weanling (21-35 days), (ii) adult (3-4 months), (iii) midlife (10
      12 months), and (iv) senescent (18-20 months). There was no difference in the
      mean salivary volume and protein levels in the three older groups of rats.
      Salivary IgA in the weanling rats was significantly lower, having not yet
      attained adult levels, while salivary IgG was decreased in the senescent group.
      No IgM was detected in saliva from any of the animals. Serum IgM was elevated in
      the midlife and senescent rats. In contrast, serum IgG was significantly
      decreased in the senescent group when compared to the adult or midlife animals.
      Significant elevations were noted in serum and intestinal perfusate IgA in the
      senescent rats when compared to the adult group. While salivary IgA from all
      groups was shown to be greater than 95% polymeric, only the weanling and
      senescent groups exhibited a tendency toward predominantly polymeric serum IgA
      (67-70%). The results define altered immunoglobulin profiles in aged rats in both
      secretory and systemic fluids, which could affect the immunocompetence of these
      animals.

PMID- 4054946
TI  - Monocyte mediated modulation of the antibody response in vitro.
AB  - Human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) were isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque density
      gradient and then fractionated by differential adhesion to plastic surface.
      Adherent cell-depleted PBMC, non-readherent fraction and firmly adherent fraction
      so obtained from PBMC, PBMC themselves and a mixture of the above cells, were
      then sensitized in vitro with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) so as to produce a
      primary antigen-dependent, antigen-specific antibody response. It appears that
      adherent cell-depleted PBMC produce about twice as many haemolytic areas as
      compared to total PBMC (from 43 to 85). If depleted PBMC are co-cultured with
      firmly adherent or non-readherent cells, the number of haemolytic areas goes down
      to 19 or up to 102, respectively. Functional, histochemical, immunochemical and
      morphological data suggest that the inhibiting firmly adherent fraction is
      composed of typical phagocytizing cells, while the enhancing cells of the non
      readherent fraction are similar to the dendritic cells described in human blood
      and some lymphoid organs, which do not exhibit active pinocytic activity, but are
      the principal accessory cells needed to stimulate lymphocyte responses.

PMID- 4054947
TI  - Specificity of macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity: role of target and effector cell
      fucose.
AB  - In this study, we have examined the role cell surface carbohydrates play in the
      activation of macrophages to kill tumor cells as well as the effect removal of
      tumor cell surface fucose has on the susceptibility of the treated target cells
      to the cytotoxic macrophages. After incubation of human monocyte-derived
      macrophages with alpha-L-fucosidase, a glycosidase which splits terminal alpha-L
      fucose from oligosaccharides, the macrophages were no longer able to respond to
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These experiments strongly suggest that alpha-L-fucose
      probably comprises an essential part of the macrophage membrane receptor for LPS.
      In another series of experiments tumor cells were treated with alpha-L-fucosidase
      prior to co-cultivation with macrophages to determine whether the presence of
      alpha-L-fucose on the tumor cell surface had any effect on macrophage mediated
      cytotoxicity. It was found that the MA-160 sensitive tumor target, after alpha-L
      fucosidase treatment, became resistant to the effects of the cyto-toxic
      macrophages whereas the effect of the alpha-L-fucosidase treatment was blocked by
      addition of alpha-L-fucose to the incubation mixture.

PMID- 4054948
TI  - High concentrations of oxygen modulate in vitro Con A responses of rat lymphoid
      cells. Effect of 2-mercaptoethanol.
AB  - The effects of different normobaric oxygen concentrations (40, 60 and 95%) on the
      survival and the proliferative response to Con A of rat lymphoid cells were
      studied. Spleen, thymus and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were tested. We
      found that oxygen concentrations modulated the proliferative response
      independently of cell survival. The addition of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME)
      partially prevented the toxic effects of hyperoxia but the population of
      thymocytes which responded to Con A stimulation appeared to be less sensitive to
      the protective action of 2-ME. The relationship between oxygen concentrations and
      the lymphoid proliferative response could be used as a model of oxidant
      immunodepression for evaluating pharmacological effects of antioxidant compounds.

PMID- 4054949
TI  - Influence of vitamin B6 on age dependent changes in blood urea.

PMID- 4054950
TI  - Oxytocic action of prostaglandin E1--role of 5-hydroxytryptamine.

PMID- 4054951
TI  - Changes in spontaneous electrical activity of ventral nerve cord of the scorpion,
      Heterometrus fulvipes (C.L. Koch) after autoenvenomation.

PMID- 4054952
TI  - Suppressor factor abrogates dengue virus-induced depression of Fc-receptor
      functions of macrophages.

PMID- 4054953
TI  - Induction of transplantable teratocarcinoma in mice.

PMID- 4054954
TI  - Effect of the presence of females in groups on the male-induced implantation
      failure (the Bruce effect) in mice.

PMID- 4054955
TI  - Similar clastogenic sensitivities of rat and mouse bone marrow cells exposed in
      vivo to leaf-extract of Lathyrus sativus.

PMID- 4054956
TI  - Methyl parathion induced dose related alteration in lipid levels and lipid
      peroxidation in various regions of rat brain and spinal cord.

PMID- 4054957
TI  - Effect of antiproliferative agents on healing of incision wounds in rats.

PMID- 4054958
TI  - Regression of rifampicin and 7-azatryptophan induced multiple heterocysts by
      viper venom in Anabaena ARM 314.

PMID- 4054959
TI  - Irreversible binding of berenil, a trypanocidal drug to blood proteins.

PMID- 4054960
TI  - Mouse serum amyloid P-component (SAP) levels controlled by a locus on chromosome
      1.
AB  - Recombinant inbred strains were used to demonstrate the existence of a major
      locus on chromosome 1, designated Sap, which controls the endogenous
      concentration of the mouse acute phase reactant, serum amyloid P-component (SAP).
      Levels of SAP were associated with alleles at the Ly-9 locus in two sets of RI
      strains: BXD (C57BL/6J X DBA/2) and BXH (C57BL/6J X C3H/HeJ). Low endogenous
      levels of SAP were present in the C57BL/6J progenitor strain and in most of the
      RI strains which inherited the Ly-9b allele. High levels of SAP were present in
      the DBA/2J and C3H/HeJ progenitors and in most of the RI strains which inherited
      the Ly-9a allele. In the BXD strains 91% of the genetic variation of SAP levels
      was accounted for by segregation at the Ly-9 locus while an additional 9% was
      attributed to genetic factors unlinked to Ly-9. In the BXH strains the percentage
      of genetic variation accounted for by Ly-9 segregation was reduced to 46%, while
      54% was accounted for by other genetic factors. Because of background genetic
      variation it was not possible to detect any crossovers between Sap and Ly-9.
      However, in the BXD strains the linkage between Sap and Ly-9 appears to be quite
      close. The B6.C-H-25c congenic strain, which carries a segment of BALB/c
      chromosome 1 including the minor histocompatibility locus H-25 on a C57BL/6By
      background, had the same endogenous SAP level as the BALB/c donor strain.

PMID- 4054961
TI  - Serum protein profile in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 4054962
TI  - Incidence of three new Salmonella serotypes--S. irumu, S. panama & S. lexington
      from the south-east coast of India (Porto Novo).

PMID- 4054963
TI  - Use of excreted factors of Leishmania mexicana in serodiagnosis of kala-azar--a
      preliminary communication.

PMID- 4054964
TI  - Advantages of MacConkey biphasic medium for blood culture.

PMID- 4054965
TI  - Morphological & functional classification of non-Hodgkin lymphomas: frequency of
      distribution of sub-types.

PMID- 4054966
TI  - Serum copper/zinc ratio in oral carcinoma.

PMID- 4054967
TI  - Clinical & biochemical features of primary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 4054968
TI  - Temporal profile of platelet aggregation following experimentally induced acute
      cerebral ischaemia.

PMID- 4054969
TI  - Zinc in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4054970
TI  - Comparative pharmacology of tromaril with other common non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory agents.

PMID- 4054971
TI  - Characterisation of adrenoceptors mediating leucocytosis in rabbits.

PMID- 4054972
TI  - Evaluation of fenfluthrin (OMS 2013), a synthetic pyrethroid for insecticidal
      efficacy against mosquito vectors.

PMID- 4054973
TI  - Uric acid disposition during intermittent chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis
      with regimens containing pyrazinamide & rifampicin.

PMID- 4054974
TI  - Cellular immune status in rodents infected with Litomosoides carinii.

PMID- 4054975
TI  - Laboratory evaluation of six repellents against some Indian ticks.

PMID- 4054976
TI  - Estimation of serum cholinesterase & lactate dehydrogenase levels for diagnosis &
      prognosis in lymphoreticular malignancy.

PMID- 4054977
TI  - A simple non-roentgenographic alternative for skull volume measurement in
      children.

PMID- 4054978
TI  - Cytogenetic investigations in mentally retarded patients.

PMID- 4054979
TI  - Ultrastructure study of minimal change nephrotic syndrome with clinicomorphologic
      correlation.

PMID- 4054980
TI  - Use of Laxbro microtitration plates as a solid support in solidphase enzyme
      immunoassays.

PMID- 4054981
TI  - Status of mouse brain gamma aminobutyric acid metabolism during experimental
      primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.

PMID- 4054982
TI  - Antibacterial activity of flowers & flower buds of Saraca indica Linn.

PMID- 4054983
TI  - Correlation of cord & maternal transferrin with gestational age.

PMID- 4054984
TI  - Haemoglobin A2 levels in normal subjects & beta-thalassaemia traits by
      microchromatography.

PMID- 4054985
TI  - Dietary intake in obese vs nonobese adults.

PMID- 4054986
TI  - Behavioural measurements in textile weavers wearing ear protectors.

PMID- 4054987
TI  - Body temperature changes during transitional phases of work at different
      environmental warmths.

PMID- 4054988
TI  - Comparison of intravenous ranitidine & cimetidine on gastric acid secretion & pH.

PMID- 4054989
TI  - Haematologic alterations in snake bite poisoning.

PMID- 4054990
TI  - Clinical manifestations of campylobacter enteritis in Calcutta.

PMID- 4054991
TI  - Isolation of Salmonella agona (4, 12 : f, g, s:--) from a patient of
      gastroenteritis.

PMID- 4054992
TI  - Gram negative non-fermenting bacilli (G.N.N.F.B.) in clinical infections.

PMID- 4054993
TI  - Steering group report, part II: maternal and child health in the seventh five
      year plan.

PMID- 4054994
TI  - Vital statistics system--a major source of information on infant and child
      mortality.

PMID- 4054995
TI  - Intervention strategies for reduction of infant mortality.

PMID- 4054996
TI  - Ponderal index as a predictor of neonatal morbidity in small for gestational age
      infants.

PMID- 4054997
TI  - Platelet aggregation in iron deficiency anemia.

PMID- 4054998
TI  - Composition of breast milk with reference to vitamin B12 and folic acid in Indian
      mothers.

PMID- 4054999
TI  - Overview of anganwadi centres in an ICDS tribal block.

PMID- 4055000
TI  - Serum lipid peroxide in liver diseases in children.

PMID- 4055001
TI  - Antenatal care and perinatal mortality.

PMID- 4055002
TI  - Planning a pediatric practice.

PMID- 4055003
TI  - Rational approach to lactational failure.

PMID- 4055004
TI  - Management of tuberculous meningitis.

PMID- 4055005
TI  - Diagnosis of a primary complex.

PMID- 4055006
TI  - Management of febrile convulsions.

PMID- 4055007
TI  - Recurrent infections in children.

PMID- 4055008
TI  - Medical and legal aspects of adoption.

PMID- 4055009
TI  - Intestinal amoebiasis and giardiasis in children.

PMID- 4055010
TI  - Disseminated herpes simplex infection in a newborn--treatment with acyclovir.

PMID- 4055011
TI  - Anaclictic depression--an attachment disorder of infancy.

PMID- 4055012
TI  - Camurati-Engelmann disease with recurrent bone marrow hypoplasia.

PMID- 4055013
TI  - Pulmonary function tests in school children.
AB  - Pulmonary Function tests were measured in 261 healthy boys and 254 healthy girls
      in the age group of 6 to 15 years with standard Benidects Roth type recording
      spirometer and Wrights Peak Flow Meter. The values of Pulmonary Functions were
      found to be increased with increase in age. For vital capacity this relation was
      curvilinear. All values were higher in boys than girls. There was significant
      positive correlation between pulmonary Function Tests Vital Capacity, (VC),
      Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MV), peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) and
      anthropometric parameters like height, weight and body surface area. Equations
      were formed for prediction of V.C., M.V.V. and PEFR values in relation to the
      height. The values of Pulmonary Functions were lower when compared with Western
      Standards, but were comparable with different Indian Studies.

PMID- 4055014
TI  - Effect of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. seed extract on the genital organs of male and
      female rats.
AB  - Following the oral administration of acetone extract of Foeniculum vulgare
      (fennel) seeds for 15 days is male rats, total protein concentration was found to
      be significantly decreased in testes and vas deferens and increased in seminal
      vesicles and prostate gland. There was a decrease in activities of acid and
      alkaline phosphatase in all these regions, except that alkaline phosphatase was
      unchanged in vasa. In female rats, oral administration of the extract for 10 days
      led to vaginal cornification and oestrus cycle. While moderate doses caused
      increase in weight of mammary glands, higher doses increased the weight of
      oviduct, endometrium, myometrium, cervix and vagina also. The results confirm the
      oestrogenic activity of the seed extract.

PMID- 4055015
TI  - The influence of lactation on L-proline absorption from small intestine in the
      albino rat.
AB  - Intestinal absorption of L-proline was studied in control and lactating rats from
      jejunum and ileum by in vivo method and presented per unit dry weight and per
      unit length of the respective segment. L-proline absorption was found to be
      significantly reduced in lactating animals as compared to the virgin controls.
      The results were discussed in light of serosal to mucosal ratio. By in vitro
      method also jejunal and ileal uptake of L-proline were found to be significantly
      reduced in lactating animals as compared to the virgin controls.

PMID- 4055016
TI  - Antiatherosclerotic effects of alfalfa meal ingestion in chicks: a biochemical
      evaluation.
AB  - Feeding Alfalfa seed extract to chicks resulted in significant reduction of total
      cholesterol, phospholipid, triglyceride, LDL-Cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol.
      Simultaneously, an increased in the HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio
      occurred with reduction in total cholesterol and phospholipid contents of liver
      and (ventricular) muscle of the heart. Results obtained with alfalfa seed extract
      ingestion were evaluated with a standard drug, compound, clofibrate.

PMID- 4055017
TI  - Significance of serum phosphohexose isomerase, hexokinase and aldolase in
      carcinoma ovary.
AB  - The serum phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), aldolase and hexokinase activities have
      been determined in 36 patients of carcinoma ovary with different clinical stages
      and in 25 healthy normal female subjects. The serum PHI and hexokinase levels
      were significantly elevated (P less than .001) in all the stages of malignancy
      while serum aldolase was significantly elevated only in stages III and IV of
      malignancy. The enzyme levels showed statistically significant response to
      therapy in stage II patients. The mean values in patients with progression of the
      disease were not significantly different.

PMID- 4055018
TI  - Effect of L-glutamine on immune response in rabbit--a preliminary report.

PMID- 4055019
TI  - A simple technique to stop hiccups.

PMID- 4055020
TI  - Seasonal variation in taste threshold for salt in human subjects.

PMID- 4055021
TI  - Effect of hippocampal lesion on acquisition of conditioned avoidance behaviour in
      albino rats.
AB  - Control, hippocampal and Sham control male albino rats weighing 150-200 gms were
      trained for acquisition of conditioned avoidance behavioural response using
      escape avoidance apparatus. Parameters like rate of performance, error scores,
      conditioned stimulus latency and unconditioned stimulus latency were studied. It
      was observed that there was a facilitation in the behavioural response with less
      error scores in hippocampal animals as compared to Sham control and control
      groups. Our observations are similar to those of Douglas and Pribram and Douglas
      and it is concluded that the hippocampus acts as a gate restricting the range of
      stimuli to which an intact animal attends.

PMID- 4055022
TI  - Antigenic heterogeneity of an alkali-soluble, water-soluble cell wall extract of
      Coccidioides immitis.
AB  - The antigenic composition of an alkali-soluble, water-soluble cell wall extract
      of Coccidioides immitis, designated C-ASWS, was assessed by two-dimensional
      immunoelectrophoresis against goat antisera to C-ASWS and coccidioidin. The
      results established that C-ASWS from mycelia or spherule cell walls is
      heterogeneous in composition, containing two distinct antigenic components. One
      is present as a polymer that is antigenically identical to a polymeric antigen in
      coccidioidin, designated antigen 2. The other component detected in C-ASWS
      presented an unusual precipitin pattern in that a cathodal leg was demonstrable
      in the absence of an anodal leg. This incomplete precipitinogen was also detected
      in coccidioidin. In addition to the finding that C-ASWS is antigenically
      heterogeneous, the results provide evidence that the conformational and/or
      configurational structure of the C-ASWS antigen 2 (or antigen 2-like polymer) is
      altered during physicochemical extraction. This conclusion is based upon the
      finding that the immunoelectrophoretic profile of the C-ASWS polymer differs from
      that of coccidioidin antigen 2. The C-ASWS polymer is characterized by having a
      small cathodal precipitin peak connected to a large anodal peak, whereas
      coccidioidin antigen 2 is characterized by a predominant cathodal peak.

PMID- 4055023
TI  - Regulation of glycolytic rate in Streptococcus sanguis grown under glucose
      limited and glucose-excess conditions in a chemostat.
AB  - The biochemical mechanisms of the acidogenic potential of Streptococcus sanguis
      ATCC 10556 grown in glucose-excess and glucose-limited continuous culture were
      studied. The rate of acid production during the glucose metabolism by the cells
      grown under glucose limitation (glucose-limited cells) was 2.1 to 2.6 times that
      by the cells grown in an excess of glucose (glucose-excess cells). When the
      glucose-limited cells were metabolizing glucose, intracellular concentrations of
      glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, 3-phosphoglycerate, and pyruvate were
      higher, and that of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate was lower, than those when the
      glucose-excess cells were metabolizing glucose. The levels of fructose 1,6
      bisphosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate were not significantly different
      between these cells. The activities of glucose-phosphoenolpyruvate
      phosphotransferase system in decriptified cells and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase in cell-free extracts of the glucose-limited cells were higher than
      those in the glucose-excess cells. The activities of glucokinase,
      phosphoglycerate kinase, and pyruvate kinase in cell-free extracts of these cells
      were not different significantly. We conclude that the high glycolytic activity
      of the glucose-limited cells results from the increase in the synthesis of
      glucose-phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase.

PMID- 4055024
TI  - Structural integrity of host defense factors in dental plaque.
AB  - The structural integrity of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, and IgM and lactoferrin
      in dental plaque fluid samples from two populations of Colombian children with
      contrasting levels of dental caries was examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by electrophoretic transfer to
      nitrocellulose. The immune factors or their fragments or both were detected with
      monospecific antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. All the immune
      factors examined were extensively degraded, although there appeared to be small
      amounts of intact IgA and IgG in some samples. Analysis of the samples with
      antibody to secretory component showed that secretory IgA as well as serum IgA
      was degraded. IgG appeared to be cleaved into two major fragments, one fragment
      having a relative mobility similar to the F(ab')2 fragment of IgG and the other a
      relative mobility slightly greater than Fc. IgM and lactoferrin were virtually
      completely degraded. There was no apparent relationship between the fragmentation
      patterns of IgA and IgG in the plaque fluid samples from the two communities and
      their susceptibility to dental caries.

PMID- 4055025
TI  - Bovine neutrophils ingest but do not kill Haemophilus somnus in vitro.
AB  - Phagocytosis of Haemophilus somnus by bovine blood neutrophils required
      opsonization of the bacteria with antibodies against H. somnus. Few bacteria were
      phagocytosed in the absence of serum; in addition, absorption of immune serum
      with Formalin-killed H. somnus significantly reduced ingestion of H. somnus. Heat
      inactivation of antiserum (56 degrees C for 30 min) to eliminate complement
      activity had little effect on its ability to opsonize H. somnus for uptake by
      bovine neutrophils. Antiserum from an H. somnus-immunized calf and autologous
      sera from adult cattle supported equivalent phagocytosis of H. somnus by bovine
      neutrophils, suggesting that normal, healthy cattle may contain sufficient
      antibodies in their sera to facilitate phagocytosis of H. somnus. Although bovine
      neutrophils readily ingested H. somnus, they were unable to kill the bacterium in
      vitro. These same neutrophils readily killed opsonized Escherichia coli and
      Staphylococcus epidermidis, suggesting that H. somnus is able to survive and
      perhaps multiply within bovine neutrophils. Because bovine neutrophils stimulated
      with opsonized H. somnus demonstrated a reduced oxidative burst (as measured by
      chemiluminescence) compared with neutrophils stimulated by opsonized E. coli, we
      suggest that reduced production of reactive oxygen intermediates during the
      phagocytosis of H. somnus may account, in part, for the enhanced survival of H.
      somnus in bovine neutrophils.

PMID- 4055026
TI  - Interactions between Naegleria fowleri and Legionella pneumophila.
AB  - Using electron microscopy we documented some of the intracellular events that
      occur in Naegleria fowleri suspended in Page amoeba saline after ingestion of
      Legionella pneumophila. Photomicrographs showed intracellular vacuoles containing
      bacteria in the process of binary fission that was accompanied by alignment of
      mitochondria and ribosome-like structures along the vacuole membrane. Although
      these intracellular events are remarkably similar to that seen in Legionella
      replication within human monocytes, we could not demonstrate an increase in the
      number of bacteria by CFU or dark-field microscopy. However, when the Naegleria
      cells were allowed to ingest Legionella cells while suspended in amoeba culture
      medium, the number of bacteria increased, and this was contingent upon the
      presence of viable amoebae.

PMID- 4055027
TI  - Persistent infection of L cells with an ovine abortion strain of Chlamydia
      psittaci.
AB  - L cells inoculated at multiplicities of infection greater than or equal to 1
      inclusion-forming unit of the abortigenic chlamydial strain B577 were destroyed
      within 10 to 15 days. Upon continued incubation in fresh medium, a few surviving
      cells repopulated the flasks, and the reemerging cultures remained persistently
      infected. The persistent state was characterized by cycles of repopulation with a
      low ratio of infected cells and cycles of extensive cytopathic changes in which
      greater than 90% of the cells had chlamydial inclusions and which could be
      delayed or even terminated by penicillin treatment. Immunofluorescence and
      superinfection during the period of repopulation revealed that the persistently
      infected cells could adsorb chlamydiae but their multiplication was arrested.
      This nonpermissive state could be terminated by the specific action of
      cycloheximide. L cells spontaneously cured from a persistent infection exhibited
      no change in susceptibility to chlamydiae when compared with normal L cells.
      However, chlamydiae derived from L cells after 7.5 months of persistence
      destroyed L-cell monolayers more rapidly and at lower multiplicities of infection
      than the wild type. This state of chlamydia-host cell interaction could not be
      established with the arthropathogenic strain LW613 because chlamydial infectivity
      was lost after the first cytolytic burst of infection in the cell cultures. The
      persistence described for the strain B577-L-cell system appears to differ from
      previously described models involving other chlamydial strains.

PMID- 4055028
TI  - Attachment of Staphylococcus aureus to polymethylmethacrylate increases its
      resistance to phagocytosis in foreign body infection.
AB  - The mechanisms responsible for the development of a pyogenic infection (most
      commonly due to staphylococci) in the vicinity of an implanted foreign body have
      been studied recently by several investigators. Thus, we have been able to
      demonstrate that the phagocytic function of residential polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes (PMN) is deficient in the presence of a foreign body. Others have
      shown that in the presence of foreign surfaces, microorganisms produce
      extracellular amorphous material, the pathogenic role of which is still to be
      defined. In the present study we use a novel assay system to demonstrate that
      Staphylococcus aureus Wood 46, after attachment to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA),
      shows increased resistance to the phagocytic-bactericidal action of normal PMN.
      The first step of this assay involves the reproducible attachment of
      [3H]thymidine-labeled bacteria to PMMA cover slips. During the second step,
      attached bacteria were exposed to guinea pig peritoneal exudate PMN. In the third
      and final step, attached S. aureus cells were removed from the cover slips using
      a procedure harmless to the bacteria. The extent of bacterial detachment was
      estimated by radioactive counts and their viability by standard colony counts.
      Whereas bacteria that were attached artificially and rapidly by centrifugation
      and immediately exposed to PMN were killed in the phagocytic assay, bacteria
      adhering spontaneously to the cover slips for a prolonged period of time were
      more resistant to the killing action of the phagocytes. The spontaneous adherence
      of S. aureus to PMMA renders it poorly susceptible to the killing action of PMN.

PMID- 4055029
TI  - Activation of a heat-stable cytolytic protein associated with the surface
      membrane of Naegleria fowleri.
AB  - Surface membrane-enriched fractions of Naegleria fowleri obtained after isopycnic
      centrifugation experiments contain a potent cytolytic activity as determined by
      hemolysis and 51Cr release assays. This surface membrane cytolysin was unaffected
      by a treatment at 75 degrees C for 30 min and accounted for 70 to 90% of
      cytolysis by whole-cell lysates of amoebae. This heat resistance as well as
      intimate membrane association distinguished the surface membrane cytolytic
      activity from a second heat-labile cytolytic activity which appears to be latent
      within lysosomes. The surface membrane cytolysin was found to be specifically
      activated by diluted samples of lysosomal fractions. The possible role of this
      surface membrane cytotoxin in the pathogenicity of N. fowleri is discussed.

PMID- 4055030
TI  - Differences in outer membrane proteins of the lymphogranuloma venereum and
      trachoma biovars of Chlamydia trachomatis.
AB  - The lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) and trachoma biovars of Chlamydia trachomatis
      exhibit differences in biological properties both in vivo and in vitro. To
      identify analogous biochemical differences, we studied the molecular charges of
      chlamydial outer membrane proteins (OMPs) by means of isoelectric focusing and
      nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis. Analysis of proteins of whole
      elementary bodies biosynthetically labeled with L-[35S]cysteine revealed that
      most chlamydial proteins were neutral or acidic. The major OMPs (MOMPs) of all
      strains tested were acidic and had apparent isoelectric points (pIs) that varied
      within narrow limits (approximately 5.3 to 5.5) despite differences in molecular
      mass of up to 3,000 daltons (Da). However, a low-molecular-mass cysteine-rich OMP
      analogous to that previously described for Chlamydia psittaci varied consistently
      in molecular mass (12,500 versus 12,000 Da) and pI (5.4 versus 6.9) between LGV
      strains and trachoma strains, respectively. OMPs with a molecular mass of 60,000
      Da in the trachoma biovar strains had pIs in the 7.3 to 7.7 range. However,
      analogous OMPs in the LGV strains existed as a doublet with a molecular mass of
      about 60,000 Da. Both members of the doublet were basic (pIs greater than 8.5).
      Both proteins of this basic doublet in LGV strains and the neutral analog in
      trachoma strains bound a species-specific monoclonal antibody in an immunoblot
      assay. These data indicate substantial differences in biochemical characteristics
      of analogous OMPs in the LGV and trachoma biovars. Such differences are the first
      structural differences described between LGV and trachoma strains which support
      their distinction into separate biovars and may be related to some of their
      biological differences.

PMID- 4055031
TI  - Identification of precursor of phagocytosis-stimulating factor in guinea pig
      polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
AB  - A precursor of phagocytosis-stimulating factor (PSF) was identified by immunoblot
      assay with purified anti-PSF antibodies. The purified anti-PSF antibodies
      recognized not only the PSF with a molecular weight of 16,000 (16K) but also the
      36K protein with a pI of 6.5 in the granule fraction of polymorphonuclear
      neutrophils, indicating that this 36K protein has an antigenic determinant common
      to PSF. In addition, the appearance of the PSF during phagocytosis by
      polymorphonuclear neutrophils was closely correlated to the decrease of the 36K
      protein. These results suggest that the 36K protein is the precursor of PSF which
      is converted to biologically active PSF in the granules during phagocytosis.

PMID- 4055032
TI  - Growth inhibition of Babesia bovis in culture by secretions from bovine
      mononuclear phagocytes.
AB  - Bovine blood mononuclear phagocytes from babesia-free cattle were cultured in
      vitro. Cell monolayers were treated with culture-derived soluble Babesia bovis
      exoantigens, immune complexes, and bovine anti-B. bovis immune serum.
      Subsequently, the monolayers were washed free of the reagents and allowed to
      develop further in the presence of standard culture medium. Transfer of
      supernatant media from these cultures to those of B. bovis revealed the presence
      of growth-inhibiting factors. These factors were thermostable, nondialyzable, and
      were degraded by freeze-thawing, and their action was concentration dependent.
      Supernatants from antigen- and immune complex-treated monolayers demonstrated
      greater inhibitory effects than did supernatants from antibody-treated or
      untreated monolayers. Erythrocytes incubated with supernatant medium from antigen
      treated monolayers did not support growth of B. bovis as well as did erythrocytes
      incubated with supernatants from untreated monocyte monolayers. This result
      suggests that the mechanism of action of soluble factors could be through some
      modification of the erythrocyte such as the blockage of active transport of
      essential nutrients.

PMID- 4055033
TI  - Comparative studies on the effect of growth conditions on adhesion,
      hydrophobicity, and extracellular protein profile of Streptococcus sanguis G9B.
AB  - Streptococcus sanguis G9B was grown in continuous culture at different generation
      times and pH values in media containing either glucose or fructose and differing
      in the concentrations of Na+ and K+. The growth pH, carbohydrate, and cation
      concentration each affected the yield of organisms, their ability to adhere to
      saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads, and their hydrophobicity, as measured by
      adhesion to hexadecane. There was no correlation between adhesion to saliva
      coated hydroxyapatite beads and hydrophobicity, the values for hydrophobicity
      varying between 44 and 83% for organisms that adhered poorly and between 24 and
      75% for those that adhered effectively. For organisms grown in batch culture at
      pH 6.0 or 7.0 there was similarly no correlation between adhesion and
      hydrophobicity. The growth conditions also had a considerable influence on the
      production of extracellular protein. The total amount was greater at pH 7.5 than
      at other pH values, and there were also differences in the individual components
      in response to changes in generation time, pH, carbohydrate source, and cation
      concentration. Two protein bands were identified, namely, glucosyltransferase and
      protein P1 (also called antigen B or I/II). However, there was no correlation
      between a particular protein component and adhesion.

PMID- 4055034
TI  - Structural studies of the rhamnose-glucose polysaccharide antigen from
      Streptococcus sobrinus B13 and 6715-T2.
AB  - The rhamnose-glucose polysaccharide antigens from the cell walls of Streptococcus
      sobrinus B13 and 6715-T2 (formerly Streptococcus mutans serotypes d and g,
      respectively) were structurally examined by using gas chromatography-mass
      spectroscopy. These data confirmed earlier chemical and serological studies
      suggesting that these polysaccharides had identical structures. The
      polysaccharides appeared to have a backbone of alternating 1,2- and 1,3-linked
      rhamnose units. Branching occurred at 1,2,3-linked rhamnose units. Side chains
      appeared to be composed of 1,2- and 1,6-linked glucose units with glucose as the
      only terminal carbohydrate.

PMID- 4055035
TI  - Genetic control of systemic Leishmania major infections: dissociation of
      intrahepatic amastigote replication from control by the Lsh gene.
AB  - Systemic disease induced by Leishmania major was estimated by microscopic
      examination of liver impression smears and determination of numbers of
      intrahepatic amastigotes in intravenously or subcutaneously infected inbred,
      hybrid, and congenic mice. The distribution of susceptible phenotypes among these
      mice, particularly the susceptibility of a strain congenic for Lshr, strongly
      suggested that Lsh, a gene which controls intrahepatic replication of Leishmania
      donovani, does not influence systemic disease by L. major.

PMID- 4055036
TI  - Albumin as a blocking agent in studies of streptococcal adsorption to
      experimental salivary pellicles.
AB  - A procedure involving blocking with bovine albumin was useful for differentiating
      between streptococcal interactions with components of experimental salivary
      pellicles similar to those which form on teeth and potential interactions with
      uncoated areas of mineral.

PMID- 4055037
TI  - Neutralization of Chlamydia trachomatis cell culture infection by serovar
      specific monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Seventeen monoclonal antibodies (MAs) were tested. Five of seven serovar-specific
      MAs from five different serovars and two of five subspecies-specific MAs showed
      neutralizing activity as well as serovar specificity. No species- or genus
      specific MAs showed neutralizing activity. No neutralization occurred without
      complement. Results indicate neutralization was serovar specific and complement
      dependent.

PMID- 4055038
TI  - Cefotaxime for the treatment of gram-positive urinary tract infection.
AB  - Urinary tract infections (UTI) due to gram-positive bacteria are fairly uncommon.
      In order to investigate the efficacy of treatment for UTI secondary to gram
      positive rods, we performed a non-comparative study on the effect of cefotaxime
      in 64 patients with gram-positive UTI. Patients with a history of
      hypersensitivity to cephalosporins and penicillin as well as patients who had
      received antibiotic treatment within 48 hours after the administration of
      cefotaxime, patients with hepatic disease and patients with fatal progressive
      disease were excluded from the study. UTI was confirmed by positive cultures with
      a colony count of greater than or equal to 100,000 cfu/ml of gram-positive
      organisms before treatment with cefotaxime. When sepsis or bacteriuria occurred
      after two days of hospitalization, the UTI was considered nosocomial. The most
      common microorganism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus, followed by
      Streptococcus faecalis. 30% of the patients showed polymicrobic bacteriuria,
      especially in association with gram-negative bacteria (70%). A high frequency of
      predisposing factors was present in the urinary tract, mainly obstruction,
      indwelling catheters, surgery and chronic debilitating diseases. Seven patients
      developed bacteremia. All patients were treated with cefotaxime i.m. or i.v. at a
      daily dosage ranging between 4 and 12 g. Urine cultures were repeated five days
      after the beginning of treatment and again two to three weeks after the
      end.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4055039
TI  - Clinical superinfection and its attendant symptomatic changes in pediatrics.
AB  - Studies were conducted on the effects of antibiotics on intestinal bacterial
      flora and symptomatic changes associated with possible superinfection following
      antibiotic treatment. Following the administration of oral antibiotics, there
      were no marked changes in the intestinal flora. After second and third-generation
      cephems were injected, most bacteria, excluding Streptococcus faecalis which is
      resistant to them, decreased and fungi increased. The incidences of diarrhea
      after administering oral antibiotics were high for amoxicillin and amoxicillin +
      clavulanic acid. In some patients with depressed immunity, such as leukemic
      patients and neonates, decreases in intestinal bacteria after doses of
      antibiotics led to increases in pathogenic bacteria. They invaded the circulating
      blood, leading to septicemia. Septicemia originating in the intestinal tract was
      frequently associated with the development of vitamin K deficiency. Besides
      changes in the intestinal flora, a decrease in oral food intake and the presence
      of a methylthiotetrazole group in the structure of the administered antibiotics
      were also found to play a crucial role in causing vitamin K deficiency.

PMID- 4055040
TI  - Clinical experience of cefotaxime in infections caused by gram-positive
      pathogens.
AB  - We studied the activity of cefotaxime both microbiologically and clinically. 138
      blood cultures positive for gram-positive cocci were evaluated (90 strains of
      Staphylococcus aureus, 25 of Streptococcus faecalis, 13 of Streptococcus alpha
      and ten of Streptococcus mutans). Cefotaxime showed good activity against all
      strains with the exception of S. mutans, of which only 30% were sensitive. Ten
      cases of gram-positive infections were studied clinically: six sepsis cases and
      one endocarditis case due to S. aureus, two sepsis cases caused by Streptococcus
      alpha and one Enterococcus endocarditis case. Therapy was successful in nine; the
      S. aureus endocarditis failed. The local and general tolerance of cefotaxime was
      good.

PMID- 4055041
TI  - Superinfections during antimicrobial treatment with betalactam-aminoglycoside
      combinations in neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies.
AB  - The frequency, etiology and risk factors of superinfections during and/or within
      one week after antibiotic therapy with betalactam-aminoglycoside combinations
      were evaluated in 631 patients with hematologic malignancies admitted to the
      Institute of Hematology of Rome from January 1982 to December 1984. 356 patients
      (56%) developed 402 episodes of proven or presumed infection. Of these patients,
      78 developed 102 superinfections. Overall, superinfections responded less
      satisfactorily to antibiotic therapy than the primary febrile episodes (63% vs.
      85%). The distribution of etiologic agents of superinfections differed from those
      responsible for primary infections, since fungi and anaerobes (especially
      Clostridium difficile) were mostly isolated after antibiotic therapy had begun.
      Moreover, among aerobic bacteria, frequently antibiotic-resistant species, such
      as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus epidermidis
      were the leading etiologic agents of superinfection. The risk of superinfection
      appeared to increase with the depth and persistence of granulocytopenia. On the
      other hand, the length of hospitalization, length of previous antibiotic therapy,
      previous chemoprophylaxis and presence of indwelling venous catheter did not
      affect the risk of superinfection.

PMID- 4055042
TI  - Impact of injectable cephalosporins on the gastrointestinal microflora:
      observations in healthy volunteers and hospitalized patients.
AB  - A disturbed microbiological ecosystem of the gut flora is frequently seen as a
      consequence of antibiotic therapy. Because this impact on the physiological
      balance is known to be causative for severe nosocomial infections and is mainly
      seen with antibiotics that are massively excreted via the bile (e.g.
      broadspectrum penicillins, ceftriaxone and cefoperazone), we investigated
      cefotaxime (CTX), cefotiam (CTM), cefmenoxime (CMX), ceftazidime (CAZ),
      ceftizoxime (CZX) and cefazolin + netilmicin (CEZ + NTL) in healthy volunteers.
      The respective daily i.v. doses, days of medication and numbers of volunteers
      were: CTX 3 g, 1 d, n = 8; CTM 6 g, 3 d, n = 15; CMX 4 g, 3 d, n = 15; CAZ 4 g, 1
      d, n = 8; CZX 4 g, 1 d, n = 8; CEZ + NTL 2 X 3 g + 1 X 3 mg/kg/day, 4 d, n = 15.
      CTX was also investigated in 11 selected hospitalized patients. One or two stool
      specimens were taken before, during and several days after medication. The
      microorganisms were also tested for ampicillin and CEZ resistance on selective
      media. Ampicillin and CEZ resistance was much higher in hospitalized patients
      than in volunteers (mainly Proteus and Serratia sp.): 90% vs. 42% and 63.6% vs.
      43%, respectively. CTX did not affect the anaerobes (Bacteroides sp. and
      lactobacilli) that are antagonistic to clostridia and Candida. No selection of
      strains resistant to ampicillin or CEZ occurred. In hospitalized patients, the
      level of resistance to these drugs was lower after treatment than
      before.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4055043
TI  - The effect of a single intravenous dose of cefotaxime on the faecal flora.
AB  - Cefotaxime had an immediate effect on the faecal flora, mainly involving a loss
      of gram-positive organisms, but also reducing the number of Escherichia coli,
      Bacteroides spp. and Clostridium spp. There was little effect on the total
      bacterial counts because of compensatory increases in other species. These
      changes appear to initiate a period of instability in the composition of the
      faecal flora lasting for at least 14 days after the administration of cefotaxime.
      Other third-generation cephalosporins showed a similar prolonged disturbance to
      the stability of the faecal flora, but there were minor differences from
      cefotaxime in the bacterial species initially affected.

PMID- 4055044
TI  - The influence of third-generation cephalosporins on the aerobic intestinal flora.
AB  - The influence of three third-generation cephalosporins with varying degrees of
      biliary excretion on the aerobic flora was investigated. The faecal flora prior
      to therapy with one of these substances consisted mainly of anaerobic bacilli.
      Escherichia coli was present in concentrations of 10(9) organisms/g stool.
      Candida albicans and enterococci were observed in concentrations of 10(5) - 10(6)
      organisms/g stool. Within 24 hours after the administration of ceftriaxone and
      cefoperazone, the gram-negative aerobic flora was completely eradicated. C.
      albicans and enterococci increased to 10(9) organisms/g stool. Between the third
      and tenth days (mean 6.7 days) of therapy Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter
      and Citrobacter in this order of frequency reappeared in the faecal flora with
      complete resistance to all betalactam antibiotics. C. albicans and enterococci
      decreased to 10(7) organisms/g stool. The anaerobic flora was largely unaltered.
      In contrast, cefotaxime had only a moderate influence on the aerobic faecal
      flora. Concentrations of gram-negative organisms decreased to 5 X 10(7)
      organisms/g stool during the first five days of therapy; the concomitant increase
      in C. albicans and enterococci was approximately 1 log 10. No alterations in the
      susceptibility pattern were observed. We would like to emphasize that substantial
      alterations of the faecal flora and the susceptibility pattern of antibiotics may
      accompany the use of antimicrobial agents, particularly those with a high degree
      of biliary elimination.

PMID- 4055045
TI  - The use of cefotaxime in the treatment of gram-positive pneumonias.
AB  - A single-blind, prospective, randomized comparison of cefotaxime and cefazolin
      was conducted in 356 patients with gram-positive pneumonias. Clinical cure was
      achieved in 95.9% of patients receiving cefotaxime and 94% of patients receiving
      cefazolin. In a sub-group of patients with Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia,
      clinical cure was obtained in 31 of 37 patients treated with cefotaxime and all
      of six patients treated with cefazolin. Cefotaxime was well tolerated, safe, and
      efficacious. These data support the use of cefotaxime as an initial single
      antibiotic in treating patients with gram-positive pneumonias due to susceptible
      organisms.

PMID- 4055046
TI  - Impact of cefotaxime on the fecal flora in children.
AB  - A differential quantitative analysis was used to study the effect of cefotaxime
      on the fecal flora in 26 hospitalized children ranging from two days to four
      years of age. Fecal specimens were obtained before, during and after therapy.
      This study was evaluated in comparison to 41 patients of the same age and from
      the same environment without antibiotic treatment or signs of infection. The
      fecal flora of the control group showed qualitative and quantitative stability.
      Two groups of species were distinguished: a group in which the upper limit was
      less than or equal to 10(7) bacteria/g of stool (Klebsiella, Enterobacter, other
      enterobacteria, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas) and a group with less than or equal
      to 10(10) bacteria/g of stool (anaerobes, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus D).
      This stability of the control group of subjects allowed us to interpret the
      variations of microbial concentrations during and after cefotaxime treatment. In
      previous studies, we showed in the newborn a substantial risk of septicemia of
      intestinal origin when overgrowth occurred, especially with Klebsiella. With
      cefotaxime there was a decrease or a disappearance in 65% of E. coli and a slight
      decrease of Klebsiella and Enterobacter. This fact was of great interest in the
      treatment of endogenous secondary septicemia. We observed an appearance of
      Pseudomonas (nine Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two Pseudomonas putida, one Pseudomonas
      fluorescens) in 12 cases among the 26 children treated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4055047
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and ceftriaxone in renal and hepatic
      dysfunction.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime, its desacetyl metabolite and ceftriaxone were
      studied in 72 patients with various degrees of renal and hepatic failure.
      Patients with severe renal failure (creatinine clearance 3 to 10 ml/min) had a
      cefotaxime serum half-life of 2.6 h, a desacetyl cefotaxime serum half-life of 10
      h and ceftriaxone serum half-life of 17 h. In the case of ceftriaxone, this serum
      half-life could be very variable--increasing to over 50 h, possibly due to co
      existing hepatic dysfunction. Increases in serum half-life were found for
      cefotaxime in the presence of liver disease.

PMID- 4055048
TI  - Tolerance in patients with terminal renal insufficiency of high doses of
      cefotaxime.
AB  - Eleven patients with terminal renal insufficiency requiring dialysis were treated
      with 3 X 2 g cefotaxime in an open study lasting five days when the clinical
      findings strongly indicated a serious bacterial infection. The effect of the
      administration of the high-dose antibiotic on the coagulation system (Quick test,
      partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, antithrombin III and platelets) and
      on brain function (EEG) was investigated. The serum levels showed that the serum
      concentrations were not abnormally high in cases of terminal renal insufficiency
      requiring dialysis. In contrast to previous investigations in other beta-lactam
      antibiotics, no changes in the coagulation system or EEG occurred. On the basis
      of these findings, no reduction in the dose appears necessary for cefotaxime, if
      therapy does not exceed five days.

PMID- 4055049
TI  - Clinical evaluation of the effect of cefotaxime in senile pneumonia caused by
      gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
AB  - 66 patients with predominantly community-acquired pneumonia were treated with
      cefotaxime. The group consisted of 45 males and 21 females, aged 56 to 90 years,
      43 of the patients belonging to the age groups 65-80 years. Streptococcus
      pneumoniae was isolated in 21 of the 34 patients with gram-positive pneumonia,
      Staphylococcus aureus in six, Staphylococcus epidermidis in five and
      Streptococcus faecalis in two. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the predominant pathogen
      in gram-negative pneumonia (eight patients), followed by Enterobacter (n = 6),
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 5), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 4), Escherichia coli
      (n = 3), Serratia marcescens and Citrobacter (two cases each). The in vitro
      activity of cefotaxime against the isolates was compared to the activity of other
      beta-lactam antibiotics. Characteristically, the classical signs and symptoms of
      pneumonia were absent or discrete in some of the elderly patients. There was a
      delayed clearance of pulmonary infiltrates. 55 of 66 patients responded to
      cefotaxime within four weeks of treatment; the symptoms were aggravated or
      remained unchanged in seven patients. Patients with a delayed clinical response
      displayed decreased peripheral lymphocyte counts and T cell functions in PHA
      stimulation tests, as well as low immunoglobulin levels. A combination of
      cefotaxime and gamma-venin cleared the symptoms in some of these patients.

PMID- 4055050
TI  - Cefotaxime: efficacy and tolerance in lower respiratory tract infections caused
      by gram-positive cocci.
AB  - Cefotaxime is an effective antibiotic in lower respiratory tract infection caused
      by streptococci and staphylococci. There is a limited tendency to superinfections
      with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.5%) and there is a low incidence of side-effects.
      It is questionable whether there is really an urgent need for cefotaxime in gram
      positive lower respiratory tract infections.

PMID- 4055051
TI  - Clinical experience with cefotaxime for the therapy of bacteremias due to gram
      positive organisms.
AB  - Fifty-five patients with gram-positive bacteremias were treated with cefotaxime
      after enrollment in comparative and non-comparative study protocols. Forty-nine
      of these 55 patients were evaluable and followed for their response to therapy
      and adverse effects. Most patients were white males 50 years of age or older
      (69%); 45% had two or more serious underlying diseases. Pneumonias caused 59% of
      these bacteremias, which were etiologically due to Streptococcus pneumoniae (22
      episodes), Staphylococcus aureus (15), coagulase-negative staphylococci (3) and
      other streptococci (12). Overall, 90% of bacteremias were cured with cefotaxime
      therapy. Among five treatment failures were included three deaths, one due to
      cefotaxime-associated pseudomembranous colitis, one caused by a bacteremic
      superinfection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and one due to a progressive
      pneumonia despite therapy. Adverse effects of therapy were infrequent and
      noteworthy for only one patient with questionable nephrotoxicity and a lack of
      cefotaxime-associated coagulopathy.

PMID- 4055052
TI  - An overview of cefotaxime therapy in infections caused by gram-positive
      pathogens.
AB  - The in vitro activity of cefotaxime and other third-generation cephalosporins
      against gram-positive pathogens is generally considered to be less than that of
      earlier cephalosporins, such as cefazolin. A review of pooled pre-release data
      collected by numerous investigators and supplied by Hoechst-Roussel made it
      possible to evaluate the clinical and bacteriologic efficacy of cefotaxime in
      more than 900 infections caused by gram-positive organisms. The most commonly
      isolated pre-treatment organisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus
      epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and other streptococcal species. The
      overall clinical efficacy rate was 95% and the bacteriologic eradication rate was
      94.5%. Side-effects were limited to rash in two, diarrhea in one and fever in
      one. Pain at the administration site was reported by four patients. Comparative
      studies with cefazolin against S. aureus showed no statistically significant
      differences in efficacy. The highest failure rates were seen in enterococcal
      urinary tract infections, as predicted by in vitro sensitivity tests. Cefotaxime
      appears to be a safe, effective antibiotic for the therapy of infections caused
      by gram-positive pathogens.

PMID- 4055053
TI  - Staphylococcus aureus septicaemia treated with cefotaxime.
AB  - Staphylococcus aureus strains were exposed in vitro to continuously decreasing
      cefotaxime concentrations. The initial concentration was approximately 4 X MIC
      and decreased at t1/2 = 60 min. A reduction in the colony count was seen even
      after the concentration had dropped below the MIC level. Sixteen patients with
      blood cultures positive for S. aureus were treated with cefotaxime. Four patient
      died of underlying diseases. The condition of one patient with staphylococcal
      endocarditis under treatment with vancomycin in combination with cefotaxime
      deteriorated when cefotaxime was discontinued, suggesting possible synergism
      between these two drugs against staphylococci.

PMID- 4055054
TI  - The efficacy of cefotaxime in gram-positive surgical infections.
AB  - In order to evaluate the efficacy of cefotaxime in gram-positive surgical
      infections, three clinical studies were re-evaluated. Antibiotic susceptibility
      tests were carried out on clinical isolates from our hospital during the period
      of clinical use of cefotaxime. The tissue fluid concentrations measured were
      compared to minimal inhibitory concentrations of gram-positive pathogens.
      Following 2 g cefotaxime i.v., tissue fluid concentrations were higher than 8
      mg/l for more than 6 h and higher than 4 mg/l for more than 8 h. More than 90% of
      gram-positive pathogens excluding enterococci were inhibited at 4 mg/l. A
      comparison was made on the clinical efficacy of cefotaxime on infections caused
      by gram-positive organisms (group I) versus infections due to gram-negative
      bacteria (group II). 89 patients entered this study. In 40 patients only gram
      positive bacteria were isolated initially (group I) and in 49 mainly gram
      negative bacteria (group II). The mean age was 43 years (range 8-80 years) in
      group I and 61 years (range 19-92 years) in group II. Most patients received 2 g
      cefotaxime every 12 h. 40 skin and soft tissue infections (group I = 25, group II
      = 15), 25 pulmonary infections (group I = 7, group II = 18), 17 biliary
      infections (group I = 4, group II = 13) and nine bone and joint infections (group
      I = 4, group II = 5) were treated. The mean duration of therapy was nine (group
      I) and 11.2 (group II) days. Surprisingly, the cure rate was better in group I
      (70%) than in group II (59%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4055055
TI  - A review of the use of cefotaxime in the treatment of skin and skin structure
      infections, with special reference to gram-positive pathogens.
AB  - Data compiled from computer-generated summaries of patient records submitted to
      Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals were reviewed regarding the efficacy and toxicity
      of cefotaxime in the therapy of skin and skin structure infections associated
      with gram-positive pathogens. In addition, published open and comparative trials
      employing cefotaxime in gram-positive and gram-negative skin infections were
      evaluated with respect to the pathogens isolated and the nature, severity and
      bacteriological and clinical outcome of the treated infections. Within the
      limitations of the data reviewed, cefotaxime appeared to be a safe and effective
      therapy in greater than 90% of infections including cellulitis, abscesses and
      necrotizing ulcers of the skin and subcutaneous tissues when associated with the
      isolation of susceptible gram-negative bacilli, methicillin-susceptible
      Staphylococcus aureus, or aerobic or anaerobic gram-positive pathogens
      susceptible to aqueous penicillin G. The data would indicate that cefotaxime is a
      suitable therapy for patients with presumed polymicrobial, non-crepitant
      infections of the skin or skin structures pending microbiological studies.
      However, cefotaxime cannot be recommended for similar infections due to organisms
      such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa that are
      commonly resistant to cefotaxime in vitro. Data regarding skin and skin structure
      infections associated with Clostridium spp. and enterococcal group D streptococci
      are either lacking or inconclusive with respect to the utility of cefotaxime.

PMID- 4055056
TI  - Bone and joint infections caused by gram-positive bacteria: treatment with
      cefotaxime.
AB  - Cefotaxime treatment was evaluated in 41 patients with serious bone and joint
      infections. Septic arthritis and bursitis (8), acute and chronic osteomyelitis
      (33) were treated with 3 to 12 g of cefotaxime per day for three to 52 days. The
      diagnosis of osteomyelitis or septic arthritis was made on the basis of clinical
      and roentgenographic evidence of infection. The diagnosis of a joint infection
      was confirmed by a positive culture of a joint aspirate sample. The diagnosis of
      a bone infection was confirmed by either a positive culture of a bone biopsy or
      of blood in combination with a positive bone scan or roentgenogram.
      Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated pathogen. Overall, 36 of
      41 patients, who met all criteria for evaluation, had satisfactory responses to
      cefotaxime. The drug was well tolerated by all patients. However, six patients
      had a direct Coomb's test, two patients were noted to be neutropenic and two
      patients developed a macular rash. It is concluded that cefotaxime is a useful
      and safe antibiotic for the treatment of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis.

PMID- 4055057
TI  - Cefotaxime monotherapy of bacterial meningitis caused by gram-positive pathogens.
AB  - Primary meningitis in children is caused by two gram-negative bacterial species,
      Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae, and one gram-positive
      bacterial species Streptococcus pneumoniae. Despite optimal penicillin
      susceptibility, with few exceptions, therapeutic results in pneumococcal
      meningitis are by far worse than with the other two pathogens. Therefore, and
      because of the detection of penicillin-resistant rods, the study of alternatives
      in therapy is justified and was started with cefotaxime. Including six of our own
      patients, there are reports on 87 patients in the literature suffering from S.
      pneumoniae meningitis who were treated with cefotaxime monotherapy. Results of
      these studies will be analyzed. As none of these patients belonged to a
      prospective controlled study group, final evaluation in comparison with
      penicillin therapy remains open. There are also several reports on successful
      treatment of group B streptococcus meningitis with cefotaxime, although there is
      no need to abandon penicillin therapy. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus
      epidermidis meningitis, usually secondary in shunted hydrocephalus, brain tumors,
      brain injury or other causes, should not be treated with cefotaxime because of
      its limited activity on these bacteria. Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococcus
      faecalis are primarily cefotaxime-resistant, and neonatal meningitis of unknown
      origin, therefore, should not be treated with cefotaxime alone as long as these
      pathogens cannot be excluded.

PMID- 4055058
TI  - Cefotaxime in the treatment of meningitis.
AB  - Information on 62 bacteriologically confirmed cases of bacterial meningitis
      treated with cefotaxime in this country was obtained retrospectively from
      infectious disease consultants. This series of cases differed markedly from the
      world cumulative case data so far presented. One of the two most common organisms
      treated was the pneumococcus (allergy to penicillin or misdiagnosis of the Gram
      stain were the major reasons given). Unanticipated bacteriologic successes were
      noted in two cases of staphylococcal meningitis secondary to parameningeal foci.
      The bacteriologic cure rate and survival rate were about 85%. Failure of
      monotherapy was seen in one case of pseudomonas meningitis, as well as in three
      of five cases of enterobacter meningitis. In addition, two cases of Escherichia
      coli meningitis which had inexplicably failed on moxalactam were cured with
      cefotaxime. Thus, overall not all gram-negative species and not all isolates of
      any particular species which cause meningitis can be successfully treated by
      cephalosporins. Data obtained during the investigative trials do not appear to be
      entirely predicative of what occurred during the free clinical use of an
      antibiotic. There is a need for the post-investigatory follow-up and surveillance
      of all newly introduced therapeutic agents.

PMID- 4055059
TI  - Positioning of the beta-lactam antibiotics.

PMID- 4055060
TI  - Cefotaxime in pneumococcal meningitis.
AB  - Forty-six consecutive patients with pneumococcal meningitis were treated with
      cefotaxime (CTX). Ages ranged from 1-79 years: 29 adults, six adolescents, six
      children and five infants. Underlying diseases were found in 38 patients (82.6%).
      Twenty-six patients (56.5%) were admitted in coma. All isolates were sensitive to
      CTX, with MICs for 12 strains ranging from 0.01 to 0.08 mg/l. CTX was used as
      single-drug therapy for 12 to 27 days-mean 15 days. The daily dose of CTX was 200
      mg/kg, in four or six equal intravenous doses. CTX penetration into the CSF was
      studied in four patients. 40 patients (87.0%) were cured. The mortality rate was
      13.0%. All dead patients had been admitted in coma. The mortality rate in
      comatose patients was 23.1%. CSF sterilization was obtained within 72 h after
      starting treatment, mostly (90.7%) in the first 48 h. No serious side-effects
      were observed. The study proves that CTX is a safe and very successful therapy
      for pneumococcal meningitis.

PMID- 4055061
TI  - Respiratory superinfections after the use of third-generation cephem antibiotics.
AB  - This paper is a report on our studies on superinfections in respiratory tract
      infections treated during the years 1981-1984. The isolated strains of
      Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus faecalis,
      Streptococcus faecium and glucose non-fermentative gram-negative rods such as
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant to third-generation cephem antibiotics.
      These organisms proved to be widely distributed in hospitals and were frequently
      isolated from the sputum, excised lung and cardiac blood. The colonization of the
      sputum by bacteria in respiratory tract infections before, during and after
      treatment with third-generation cephem antibiotics revealed a tendency for these
      organisms to appear after treatment. Among the gram-positive cocci, S. faecium
      was most resistant to these antibiotics, followed by S. faecalis, S. epidermidis
      and S. aureus in that order. The incidence of resistant isolates in 1984 exceeded
      that in 1983, suggesting an annual increase in resistant bacteria.

PMID- 4055062
TI  - Experience with cefotaxime in infections caused by gram-positive pathogens,
      especially Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Cefotaxime (CTX) was the first third-generation cephalosporin to be launched.
      According to my classification of cephalosporins for practitioners, in contrast
      to old beta-lactamase-labile cephalosporins (Group I-III), CTX is beta-lactamase
      stable and belongs to Group V with anti-pseudomonas activity. A critical review
      of about 90 patients with Staphylococcus aureus infections, found among
      analyzable subjects treated with CTX for gram-positive infections, demonstrates
      that CTX can be expected to be bacteriologically and clinically effective against
      this pathogen. Moreover, CTX had excellent efficacy against gram-positive
      organisms compared with other so-called third-generation cephalosporins. CTX is
      comparable to or more effective than conventional antibiotics in the treatment of
      respiratory tract infections, soft tissue infections, and neonatal and pediatric
      infections caused by gram-positive organisms, S. aureus included, if used after
      taking the susceptibility of the pathogen into account.

PMID- 4055063
TI  - Defence of mucous membranes by antibodies, receptor analogues and non-specific
      host factors.
AB  - Most infections reach man via the mucosal membranes, and more than half of the
      lymphoid system is found in connection with mucosae. The major antibodies found
      on mucous membranes are secretory IgA, which function primarily by binding
      microorganisms and thereby preventing their contact with the host tissues. The
      optimal mode of immunization to obtain a secretory IgA response is not well
      defined. Repeated mucosal exposure with antigen may result in oral tolerance,
      with decreasing circulating antibodies but a remaining secretory IgA response.
      The secretory IgA response is usually short-lived and can be difficult to boost.
      IgM as well as IgG antibodies may add to host defence at the mucosal level, but
      when engaged, they usually induce inflammation in host tissues. Analogues to
      bacterial receptors on mucosal epithelium may be present in exocrine secretions
      such as human milk. During an attack on the host, it is possible that such
      receptor analogues may aid in the prevention of attachment of bacteria to mucous
      membranes used as an initial site. A number of non-specific host factors support
      mucosal defence. One of them is lactoferrin. Lactoferrin deficiency seems to
      result in recurrent bacterial infections, suggesting its importance in normal
      host defence.

PMID- 4055064
TI  - Stimulation of non-specific resistance to infections by synthetic
      immunoregulatory agents.
AB  - Muramyl dipeptide or MDP (AcMur-L-Ala-D-iGln) is a synthetic immunoadjuvant which
      can also enhance non-specific resistance to bacterial infections in mice, even by
      the oral route. By the use of several derivatives, it has been shown that neither
      adjuvanticity nor pyrogenicity was a perequisite for eliciting an increased
      resistance, and that unwanted pharmacological effects can be eliminated by minor
      chemical modifications. Moreover, some lipophilic analogs or derivatives obtained
      by linking the glycopeptide to a carrier were found to be more active than MDP.
      Their effectiveness also depended on the dose and the timing of administration,
      and varied according to the bacterial challenge. The most appropriately timed
      administration of MDP and derivatives was established between one and four days
      before the challenge. In some cases, MDP was protective even when injected one
      hour after the challenge, whereas with other immunostimulants such as
      lipopolysaccharides or BCG, a negative phase of higher susceptibility may occur
      under these conditions. MDP still enhanced resistance to bacterial infections in
      animals with a poor immune status, like newborns or adult mice under
      immunosuppressive treatment. Moreover, the protective activity was not impaired
      after repeated injections of large doses of MDP or other adjuvant analogs, a
      treatment which is known to inhibit specific immune responses.

PMID- 4055065
TI  - Infertility in the dog.

PMID- 4055066
TI  - Exposure in welding of high nickel alloy.
AB  - Nickel (Ni) levels in air during welding of high-Ni alloy (75% Ni) were very high
      (mean 0.44 mg/m3, range 0.07-1.1 mg/m3; 20 person-days of measurements). In six
      welders the Ni level in urine after four weeks of vacation was slightly but
      statistically significantly enhanced as compared to ten unexposed controls (means
      8.7 vs 5.1 micrograms/l; P less than 0.005). The level on Monday mornings
      increased somewhat during a period of six weeks of high-Ni alloy welding (mean 13
      micrograms/l; P less than 0.05). The level was slightly higher Thursday afternoon
      (mean 18 micrograms/l; P less than 0.0001). The data indicate the existence of a
      very slow pool of Ni in the body in addition to a faster one. There was no
      correlation between Ni levels in air and urine. Thus, in spite of the very high
      Ni levels in air, urinary Ni levels were thus of little use for biological
      monitoring of exposure and risk during high-Ni alloy welding. All eleven welders
      studied reported one or more symptoms (irritation of upper airways, headache,
      tiredness) as occurring more often (P less than 0.006) during high-Ni welding
      than when welding ordinary stainless steel. Lung-functions studies were normal.

PMID- 4055067
TI  - Serum lipid peroxide level and blood superoxide dismutase activity in workers
      with occupational exposure to lead.
AB  - We studied whether lead exposure increased the serum lipid peroxide (LPO) level
      and inhibited blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in workers with
      occupational exposure to lead and rats injected with lead. We examined the
      following subjects: (1) manual workers (712 males) from 18 to 59-years-old in
      steel production with occupational exposure to lead, (2) office workers (155
      males) without exposure to lead, (3) rats subcutaneously injected with lead in
      concentrations of 10 or 20 mg/kg as lead acetate. The nutritional intakes of
      manual workers and office workers were approximately equal. Serum LPO and high
      density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CL) levels in manual workers (LPO: 4.4 +/-
      1.9 nmol/ml, HDL-CL: 55.6 +/- 14.2 mg/dl) were significantly higher than those in
      office workers (LPO: 4.0 +/- 1.4 nmol/ml, HDL-CL: 53.0 +/- 13.9 mg/dl). Serum LPO
      level in the manual workers increased with an increase of the lead concentration
      in the blood, while blood SOD activity decreased. Similar phenomena were observed
      in rats subcutaneously injected with lead acetate. Furthermore, the addition of
      lead at higher than 20-microM concentrations to non-treated rats liver microsomes
      increased NADPH-dependent liquid peroxidation, and these lead concentrations
      inhibited bovine erythrocyte SOD activity in vitro assay system. In conclusion,
      the present results seem to indicate that the increase of serum LPO level in
      workers with occupational exposure to lead is due not only to the stimulation of
      lipid peroxidation, but also to the inhibition of SOD activity by exposure to
      lead in the manufacturing processes.

PMID- 4055068
TI  - Urinary hydroxydiphenyl excretion of workers occupationally exposed to a mixture
      of diphenyl and diphenylether (Dowtherm A).
AB  - A study was carried out in a nylon producing plant to determine exposure to
      Dowtherm A from frequently occurring leaks in the heating system. The daily
      exposure to both diphenyl and diphenylether of 20 workers was determined over
      seven consecutive days. Urine samples before and after the daily eight-hour
      workshift were obtained and analysed spectrofluorimetrically on hydroxydiphenyl.
      Urine concentration of creatinin was used as a correction factor for dilution. No
      correlation was found between the increase of urinary hydroxydiphenyl during the
      workshift and the eight-hour average exposure to diphenyl for the individual
      workers. This could be explained by the small variance of the daily exposure of
      each worker. Averaging, however, for each worker both exposure values and
      increases of urinary hydroxydiphenyl over 7 d, resulted in an explained variance
      of 72.5% using regression techniques. No influence of smoking was found.

PMID- 4055069
TI  - The validity of urinary metabolites as indicators of low exposures to toluene.
AB  - Exposure to toluene was studied in a group of 14 subjects working in a printing
      industry, who were exposed to this solvent only. Environmental monitoring was
      carried out using personal samplers for the whole workshift over three
      consecutive days. Toluene TWA concentrations ranged from 37 to 229 mg/m3. At the
      end of the workshift on each day of investigation, urine samples were collected
      for the determination of hippuric acid and ortho-cresol. Hippuric acid was also
      determined for urine before the workshift and on the Saturday and Monday mornings
      after the end of exposure; hippuric acid was also determined in 16 controls over
      the same five-day period. At the end of the workshift, hippuricuria levels in
      exposed workers always turned out to be statistically different from pre
      workshift levels and those of the controls. The end-of-workshift hippuricuria
      levels of exposed workers were significantly correlated with the mean daily
      environmental concentration (TWA): in the three days of comparative study, we
      found r = 0.63 (P less than 0.05) on Day 1, r = 0.90 (P less than 0.001) on Day
      2, and r = 0.87 (P less than 0.001) on Day 3. Ortho-cresol turned out to be
      correlated with daily exposure less significantly than hippuric acid: r = 0.49
      (n.s.) on Day 1; r = 0.78 (P less than 0.001) on Day 2, and r = 0.65 (P less than
      0.05) on Day 3. Using all available data (41 observations), a very significant
      correlation (P less than 0.001) was found between the TWA and both metabolites (r
      = 0.80 for hippuric acid; r = 0.68 for o-cresol). The values of the two
      metabolites in the end-of-workshift urine samples (41 observations) also turned
      out to be well correlated (r = 0.70; P less than 0.001). The authors conclude
      that hippuric acid is a valid test for evaluating even low exposures to toluene.

PMID- 4055070
TI  - Combined effects of noise, vibration and visual field stimulation on electrical
      brain activity and optomotor responses.
AB  - Eye movements and electroencephalographs (EEG) were recorded in intact rabbits
      during an optokinetic test. The animals were exposed to pure tone noise (85 dB at
      4000 Hz), impulse noise (159 dB), and vibration directed at the abdomen
      (amplitude 0.9 mm at frequencies of 40, 80, and 120 Hz). The velocity of
      optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) significantly increased with these stimuli. The
      increase seen with vibration was greater than the noise-induced increase. The
      response was strongest when noise and vibration were combined. The increase in
      OKN induced by vibration was successive and dependent on frequency. The increase
      was weakest during exposure to vibration at 40 Hz and strongest at 120 Hz. EEGs
      of the dorsal hippocampus, amygdaloid complex, midbrain reticular formation, and
      frontal motor cortex were all activated during noise and vibration exposure, but
      activation of the hippocampal EEG was the most closely related to the increase in
      OKN. Combination of the different stimuli indicated that their interaction could
      not be predicted on the basis of responses to single stimuli, and, in most cases,
      the result was indifference due to the high alerting effect of vibration alone.
      The findings can be related to the non-specific dizziness found in aerospace
      workers exposed to excessive noise and vibration.

PMID- 4055071
TI  - Corneal ulcer after exposure to vapours from bone cement (methyl methacrylate and
      hydroquinone).
AB  - An operation nurse repeatedly developed a corneal ulcer while mixing bone cement.
      It is suggested that the ulcer developed because of a composite effect of vapours
      from bone cement (methyl methacrylate monomer and hydroquinone), in spite of the
      fact that the Occupational Health Guidelines and the national threshold limit
      values for chemical substances had been respected. In-vitro and in-vivo animal
      studies are reviewed.

PMID- 4055072
TI  - Mortality study of industrial workers exposed to aldrin, dieldrin and endrin.
AB  - Vital status and cause of death were assessed for 232 of a group of 233 workers
      engaged in the manufacturing and formulation of aldrin, dieldrin, endrin and (for
      a limited period) Telodrin. This group is part of the total exposed population of
      more than 1000 workers and was selected for follow up on account of the high
      exposures in the initial years of manufacturing and formulation and of the long
      exposure (mean 11 years) and observation (mean 24 years) periods. Total observed
      mortality was 25 versus 38 expected on the basis of the death statistics of the
      male Dutch population. Of the 9 cancer deaths, 3 were caused by lung cancer,
      while the remaining 6 were each of a different nature. Although in this group
      exposures have been high and exposure, as well as observation periods, were long
      enough for meaningful evaluation, this study revealed no indication of a specific
      carcinogenic activity of aldrin, dieldrin or endrin in manufacturing plant
      workers exposed to these products.

PMID- 4055073
TI  - Optimization of night and shiftwork plans among policemen in Kuwait: a field
      experiment.
AB  - A pilot survey was designed to define incidence, rotation period, rotation
      direction and cycle of shiftwork plans in the production and service units in
      Kuwait. Preliminary results from the Ministry of Interior showed that four
      different shift plans are widely used. Forty policemen, ten from each shift plan,
      volunteered to fill in a diary for a period of two or more cycles. The diary was
      comprised of a set of questions planned to reveal disturbances in sleep duration,
      sleep quality, food intake and appetite. The daily questionnaire also covered
      psychosomatic complaints and subjective judgement of recovery. A control group,
      on permanent day work, volunteered to fill in the diary for the same period. The
      results indicated that one of the four shift plans was quite satisfactory and
      least harmful to the policemen. Two plans were associated with excessive strain
      during working days, but the number of free days was sufficient to achieve
      complete recovery. The fourth plan was associated with excessive strain during
      working days and recovery was not achieved after 24 h of rest at the end of the
      shift cycle.

PMID- 4055074
TI  - Effects of record music on hearing loss among young workers in a shipyard.
AB  - Effects of record music on hearing were studied by measuring the hearing loss
      among 175 shipyard workers ranging from 20 to 29 years, who did not have any
      history of ear or nose diseases, familial hearing loss or ingestion of oto-toxic
      drugs. There were 120 record-listeners and 55 non-listeners. It was found that
      there were more high frequency hearing impairments among the ears of record
      listeners than non-listeners. Means of hearing losses of the record-listeners'
      ears were 4.73 dB and at 4000 Hz and 9.24 dB at 6000 Hz. Failure rates
      (percentage of ears which had 20 dB or more hearing loss) were 8.4% at 4000 Hz
      and 18.8% at 6000 Hz. Three factors, "monthly listening hours", "duration of
      listening to records" and "favourite type of music", contributed to the high
      frequency hearing loss. The young shipyard workers should be warned against non
      occupational noise exposure, such as record music outside of the workplace,
      because this will significantly worsen hearing impairment due to the occupational
      noise exposure.

PMID- 4055076
TI  - Effect of seasonal ragweed exposure on immunoglobulin E antiragweed antibodies in
      cultures of peripheral mononuclear cells, plasma and nasal secretions.
AB  - To determine the effects of seasonal ragweed exposure on in vitro IgE antibody
      production, the antiragweed IgE antibody content of 7-day cultures of peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells was assessed in samples obtained before, during and after
      the ragweed season, in 4 ragweed-allergic and 11 nonallergic individuals. The
      levels of ragweed-specific IgE and total IgE in unstimulated culture supernatants
      were measured by solid phase radioimmunoassays. Antiragweed IgE antibody was
      apparently detectable in the 7-day culture supernatants of both allergic and
      nonallergic individuals, and the antibody concentrations increased after natural
      ragweed exposure. However, the bindable counts of IgE antibody in supernatants
      from allergic patients were inhibited by soluble ragweed antigen, while those
      from nonallergics were not inhibitable, suggesting that supernatants from
      nonallergics did not contain true ragweed-specific IgE antibody. Because, for
      most subjects, the quantity of IgE in culture supernatants from 7-day cultures of
      living cells was the same as that derived from cells which were either frozen and
      thawed prior to culture, or briefly exposed to pH 3.7 buffer, the majority of IgE
      antibody in supernatants from allergic subjects, and of total IgE in supernatants
      from all subjects, was apparently not newly synthesized, but was preformed, and
      appeared to be largely derived from the cell surface. IgE antiragweed antibody
      was detected in the nasal secretions and plasma of allergic, but not nonallergic
      individuals, and the levels of antibody in allergic subjects increased after
      seasonal exposure. The fraction of total IgE protein accounted for by IgE
      antiragweed antibody in nasal secretions collected postseasonally was higher than
      that in both culture supernatants and plasma, suggesting that ragweed-specific
      IgE antibody is synthesized locally in the nose.

PMID- 4055075
TI  - Passive smoking under controlled conditions.
AB  - Ten healthy subjects were exposed to passive smoking at a high level
      corresponding to 25-30 ppm CO in the ambient air for 3 h. All subjects were
      exposed at the same time in a climatic chamber especially designed for exposure
      experiments. Despite an identical exposure rate considerable interindividual
      variability of subsequent nicotine and cotinine levels in saliva, plasma and 24-h
      urine were observed. This variability was more prominent in nicotine than in
      cotinine levels. The kinetic pattern as reflected by saliva levels for up to 24 h
      was consistent with previous data found in active smokers. Nicotine levels found
      in saliva were markedly influenced by repeated sampling. This was not the case
      for cotinine levels. With regard to laboratory techniques RIA seems to be more
      sensitive than gas chromatography (GC). The results of this study suggest that
      measuring cotinine levels in 24-h urine with RIA is presently the most sensitive
      and reliable criterion for estimating exposure to passive smoking and for
      validating questionnaires or interviews about short-term exposure to passive
      smoking.

PMID- 4055077
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of the allergen Ag-54 from Cladosporium
      herbarum.
AB  - One important allergen, Ag-54, was extracted from Cladosporium herbarum and
      purified by a combination of diafiltration, gel filtrations and isoelectric
      focusing. The allergen, when examined by gel electrophoresis and high-performance
      liquid chromatography, was found to be essentially homogeneous with a molecular
      weight of about 20,000 daltons. Ag-54 is of glycoprotein nature. It contained
      19.5% protein, calculated from its amino acid composition and 80.2% carbohydrate,
      quantified by methanolysis, trimethylsilyl derivatization and gas-liquid
      chromatography. The carbohydrate moiety was composed only of mannose, galactose
      and glucose in the ratio 1.0:0.6:1.3. Frequently occurring amino sugars like
      glucosamine and galactosamine could not be detected. Mass spectrometry of
      trimethylsilyl-derivatized methylglycosides demonstrated that sialic acid was not
      present.

PMID- 4055078
TI  - Binding and activation of human precursor C1 by soluble aggregates of human and
      rabbit IgG.
AB  - The capacities of soluble human and rabbit IgG aggregates to bind and to activate
      human C1 were compared. Aggregates prepared by incubation of purified IgG at 63
      degrees C were fractionated by gel filtration and hemolytic assays were used to
      measure the binding and activation of isolated human precursor C1. The C1 binding
      and activation capacities of both human and rabbit IgG aggregates were highly
      dependent on their size. Human IgG aggregates had a slightly higher binding
      avidity for human C1 than rabbit IgG aggregates of comparable size, but no clear
      differences were found between their capacities to activate C1. Experiments with
      nonaggregated IgG also indicated that although human IgG binds human C1 somewhat
      more avidly, human and rabbit IgG do not differ in their capacities to initiate
      fluid-phase activation of the human classical complement pathway.

PMID- 4055079
TI  - Thymus dependence of connective tissue mast cells: a quantitative
      cytofluorometric study of the growth of peritoneal mast cells in normal and
      athymic rats.
AB  - The normal growth of peritoneal mast cells was studied in athymic and
      heterozygote rats over the period of 5-29 weeks of age. The total peritoneal mast
      cell mass and the mass of the granular components was calculated from mast cell
      numbers and their content of protein, heparin and 5-hydroxytryptamine. The growth
      process was analyzed by allometric log-log plots of mast cell quantities versus
      body weight and linear regressions. The mast cell growth in both groups of rats
      conformed to the allometric principle and was strictly proportional to the growth
      of the body as a whole. Two major differences between athymic and heterozygote
      rats were observed. The total peritoneal mast cell mass and the mass of its
      components was initially higher in the athymic rats, but the growth rate of the
      mast cells was lower. We suggest that the thymus may regulate the mast cells by
      an inhibitory factor acting on the bone marrow stem cell or circulating precursor
      level. The lower growth rate of the athymic rats may be due to the absence of a
      second, stimulatory thymic factor acting on the tissue precursor level, or to a
      tissue homeostatic mechanism triggered by the large initial mast cell mass and
      unrelated to the thymus.

PMID- 4055080
TI  - Induction of a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis inhibitory factor in mice.
AB  - The administration of a purified protein from Dactylis glomerata pollen, named
      Dactylis inhibitory protein (DIP), to Balb/C mice results in the production of a
      heat-resistant seric factor that blocks the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA)
      reaction in rat skin. This PCA inhibitory factor (PCA-IF) was purified following
      different purification procedures and analyzed in sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel. Amongst the array of bands detected it was possible to
      ascribe the inhibitory activity to a protein band of 76,000 daltons but only when
      it was associated either with another protein band of 69,000 daltons (obtained
      after a one-step purification procedure) or two other protein bands of 55,000 and
      26,000 daltons (obtained after a three-step purification procedure). The
      inhibitory activity of the PCA-IF is present at a low level in normal Balb/C mice
      sera and is enhanced after DIP treatment of the mice.

PMID- 4055081
TI  - Grass pollen allergens: antigenic relationships detected using monoclonal
      antibodies and dot blotting immunoassay.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies against major rye-grass pollen allergens have been used to
      detect cross-reactive determinants in other grass pollen extracts. Antibody
      binding was detected by the dot blotting immunoassay in which alkaline
      phosphatase-conjugated anti-mouse IgG was used as secondary antibody.
      Taxonomically ordered variations were found between pollen of 22 grass species
      representing all major natural groups. One of the antibodies, that bound to the
      28 to 30Kd allergen, showed high species specificity; immunoblotting showed
      binding to similar polypeptides in Festuca elatior but to none of the other
      grasses tested. This simple assay has applications in standardizing grass pollen
      extracts.

PMID- 4055082
TI  - Modulation of the host-versus-graft reaction of the popliteal lymph node by small
      numbers of dendritic cells injected at a distant site.
AB  - This paper demonstrates that dendritic cells (DC) injected intraperitoneally into
      CBA mice can alter the popliteal lymph node response of the animals to semi
      allogeneic spleen cells injected into the footpad. This effect is antigen
      specific, for both cell populations must share the same foreign antigenic
      determinants. The alteration is expressed as an augmentation of node swelling
      following injection of very low numbers of DC, whilst a slight increase in the
      numbers of DC leads to suppression of the host-versus-graft response. Therefore
      it would appear that, in addition to their role as antigen-presenting cells, DC
      are also capable of modulating the response to an allogeneic stimulus in an
      antigen-specific manner. It is postulated that such antigen-specific modulation
      arises from formation of complexes between prostaglandin E1 and antigen
      presenting moieties, which then determine the direction of the immune response.

PMID- 4055083
TI  - Induction of class II MHC antigens in cultured epithelial cells from rat gut.
AB  - A long-lived culture line of epithelial cells producing low levels of secretory
      component was derived from rat gut. Treatment of the cells with culture
      supernatants from rat spleen cells that had been stimulated with concanavalin A
      induced expression of class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex
      and inhibited DNA synthesis.

PMID- 4055084
TI  - Suppression of allergic reactivity by intestinal helminths: susceptibility is a
      function of IgE responder phenotype.
AB  - Animals from two inbred rat strains, Brown Norway (BN) and WAG, expressing high
      and low-IgE-responder phenotype, respectively, were sensitized to ovalbumin (OV)
      while parasitized with the intestinal helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb).
      The animals were challenged intradermally and intravenously with OV, and the
      severity of their immediate hypersensitivity responses was compared to those of
      non-parasitized OV-immune controls. Nb infestation depressed hypersensitivity
      responses in the low-IgE-responder WAG rats, but was without effect in high-IgE
      responder BNs.

PMID- 4055085
TI  - LDH-C4 in human seminal plasma and its relationship to testicular function. I.
      Methodological aspects.
AB  - LDH-C4 is a lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme specific for spermatocytes,
      spermatids and spermatozoa. Its presence in seminal plasma therefore stems from
      its release by one or more of these cell types. LDH-C4 has been analyzed
      quantitatively in semen samples from men under different experimental conditions.
      Incubation of semen at 37 degrees C for up to 6 h did not alter LDH-C4 activity
      in seminal plasma. When volunteers donated several semen samples with different
      time intervals (4 h to 7 days) between the ejaculations, the LDH-C4 activity
      showed only moderate variations when expressed per 100 million spermatozoa. The
      relatively constant relationship between LDH-C4 activity and the number of sperm
      in the ejaculate, and the observation that there was no leakage of LDH-C4 from
      the ejaculated sperm, indicate that this enzyme originates from the testis. It
      could, therefore, be a chemical marker reflecting the degree of germ cell
      degeneration in the seminiferous epithelium in relation to the number of
      spermatozoa formed during the same time period. In contrast to the small intra
      individual variation for LDH-C4 activity per 100 million sperm (mean cv = 36.6%,
      N = 5), there was a large inter-individual variation. In 79 men with a barren
      union the mean LDH-C4 activity was 28.9 nanokatal/100 million sperm (95%
      confidence limits 0 to 114).

PMID- 4055086
TI  - Morphological factors influencing the penetration of human sperm into cervical
      mucus in vitro.
AB  - The efficiency of cervical mucus in filtering out single, multiple and associated
      abnormalities of human spermatozoa was determined. Twenty semen samples which
      gave a normal in vitro cervical mucus penetration test (CMPT) were analysed
      before and after migration using a detailed classification system (13
      categories). The % of normal forms was significantly increased in cervical mucus
      (59.5 vs 33.2%), whereas the % of sperm with single, multiple or associated
      abnormalities of the midpiece or of the flagellum were found to decrease
      significantly in cervical mucus. Sperm with single or multiple abnormalities
      confined to the head migrated similarly to normal forms. The decrease in
      amorphous and elongated tapering sperm was explained by their more frequent
      association with other defects of the midpiece and/or of the flagellum.

PMID- 4055087
TI  - Physical properties and non-enzymic components of human ejaculates. Relationship
      to spontaneous liquefaction.
AB  - The relationship between spontaneous liquefaction and the characteristics of
      ejaculated human semen has been investigated. The liquefaction time of ejaculates
      was found to be significantly correlated with their extent of coagulation and
      some non-enzymic components of seminal plasma. Human ejaculates were classified
      into 3 distinct groups depending on their liquefaction time, and the groups were
      characterized physico-chemically. The liquefaction time also revealed a low but
      significant negative correlation with semen volume. It is concluded that an
      individual's ejaculatory characteristics can be evaluated simply by determining
      its liquefaction time.

PMID- 4055088
TI  - Synthesis of [2-11C]5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione with and without added
      dimethyl carbonate as a carrier for studies with positron tomography.
AB  - Two methods were developed for the synthesis of [2-11C]5,5-dimethyl-2,4
      oxazolidinedione ([2-11C]DMO) for use with positron emission tomography to
      measure regional cerebral tissue pH in vivo in man. In both methods, A and B, [2
      11C]dimethyl carbonate (DMC) was prepared from [11C]phosgene and excess of sodium
      methoxide in methanol containing 2-hydroxyisobutyramide (HIBA). In method A, an
      excess of DMC was used as a carrier, while in method B none was used. In both
      methods, the [2-11C]DMC solution was then heated for 10 min at 150 degrees +/- 2
      degrees C causing the reaction of [2-11C]DMC with HIBA to yield [2-11C]DMO with a
      radiochemical purity of greater than 99%. Method A gave significantly higher
      radioactive yields, a pure organic product, but lower specific activities. Flash
      chromatography was used for the separation and purification of [2-11C]DMO
      prepared by method B.

PMID- 4055089
TI  - The production and biological distribution of yttrium-90 labelled antibodies.
AB  - An antibody has been labelled with generator produced yttrium-90 (90Y) via a
      chelating group (DTPA) covalently attached to the protein. An average yield for
      protein labelling of 76% was obtained. The blood clearance of iodinated and 90Y
      labelled antibody is similar in rats and mice. However, in contrast to iodine,
      the yttrium label accumulates in the liver after release from the protein.

PMID- 4055090
TI  - A new design for a liquid scintillation counter for micro samples using a flat
      bed geometry.
AB  - A new design for a liquid scintillation counter based on a flat-bed geometry is
      described. Micro-samples are dried or filtered onto transfer membranes or glass
      fibre filters in a 6 X 16 matrix, compatible with 96-well micro-titration plate
      filtration assays of labelled cells. A prototype counter without lead shielding
      had low background countrates (2-3 cpm for 3H) giving a figure of merit of 1325
      (and 1292 for 14C). Only 5-15 ml of scintillant/96 samples are required and thus
      the volume of radioactive waste is low.

PMID- 4055091
TI  - A captive solvent method for rapid radiosynthesis: application to the synthesis
      of [1-(11)C]palmitic acid.

PMID- 4055092
TI  - Influence of blood temperature on vascular stability during hemodialysis and
      isolated ultrafiltration.
AB  - We tested the hypothesis that differing temperature (T) changes in extracorporeal
      blood circuit might partly account for the difference in vascular stability (VS)
      between isolated ultrafiltration (UF) and simultaneous UF-hemodialysis (HD). The
      study was carried out in 6 patients who presented frequent episodes of
      symptomatic hypotension during the routine dialytic sessions. During simultaneous
      UF-HD with dialysate T set at 37.5 degrees C (standard HD), blood reentered the
      patients with a T of about 2 degrees C higher, whereas during isolated UF
      (standard UF) 2 degrees C lower, than at its exit. These extracorporeal blood T
      changes were reciprocated by warming the venous line in isolated UF (warm UF) and
      by setting the dialysate at 34.5 degrees C in simultaneous UF-HD (cold HD).
      During warm UF mean arterial pressure (MAP) fell and heart rate (HR) increased
      nearly as much as during standard HD. Vice versa, during cold HD MAP and HR
      remained nearly as stable as during standard UF. It is concluded that the T
      changes in blood flowing through the extracorporeal circuit largely account for
      the differing VS between isolated UF and simultaneous UF-HD.

PMID- 4055093
TI  - Three cases of hemodialysis-associated hypersensitivity reactions.
AB  - According to the United States Food and Drug Administration, untoward reactions
      to capillary hemodialyzers occur at a rate of 3.5 of every 100,000 dialyzers
      sold. Allergic symptoms immediately after initiation of dialysis consist of
      burning retrosternal pain, sensation of diffuse heat, cold perspiration,
      periorbital and facial edema, flushing, laryngeal stridor, bronchial
      hypersecretion, hypotension, bradycardia, and loss of consciousness. In 1982
      Popli et al. reported four patients suffering from such allergic manifestations;
      three were successfully managed after being taken off dialysis. These
      investigators thought that inadequate rinsing of cuprammonium cellulose capillary
      dialyzers was responsible for the reactions, and recommended rinsing the blood
      compartment with 2 liters of normal saline, and the dialysate compartment with 10
      liters of dialysate, both in a single-pass fashion over 20 minutes. Nichols and
      Platts (1982) (3) reported 15 patients with urticaria, severe bronchospasm, and
      shock occurring immediately after the blood had been returned from the dialyzer.
      These authors suggested that the sterilizing agent, ethylene oxide (ETO), was
      responsible. Poothullil et al. (1975) (4) described a patient with pruritus,
      severe dyspnea, and hypotension during dialysis. On the basis of a positive skin
      prick test (dermal reaction to ETO-exposed human albumin) and of antigen-induced
      histamine release from peripheral leucocytes, these workers suggested that ETO
      was responsible for the allergic reactions. Marshall et al. (1984) (5) reported
      that 8.9% of hemodialysis patients had positive skin tests to ETO and that 12.1%
      were ETO-radioallergosorbent test (RAST) positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4055094
TI  - Peritoneal vascular reserve characterization through nitroprusside-induced
      modification of peritoneal mass transfer coefficients.
AB  - The transport of solutes across the peritoneum may be increased by the topical
      administration of nitroprusside; the effects of the drug seem to be due to an
      increase in the number of perfused capillaries and/or in their permeability. We
      have compared the peritoneal mass transfer coefficients (MTC) for urea,
      creatinine and parathormone (PTH) under basal conditions and after administration
      of nitroprusside (4.5 mg/l dialysate) in 15 patients under CAPD therapy. The mean
      increments of the MTC were 48.8% for urea, 77.5% for creatinine and 323% for PTH.
      The relative MTC increments for the three molecules (taken in pairs) were:
      MTCPTH/urea' 2.53 times (mean), MTCPTH/creatinine' 1.7 times, and
      MTCcreatinine/urea' 0.73-times, with very variable ranges. The overall mean
      increment (OMI) for all three ratios ranged from -1.25 and +6 times. In six
      patients, some of the relative increments (and in three of them the OMI) were
      negative but the epidemiological features of these patients revealed no clear
      data. The OMI shows a direct correlation with the body surface area and an
      inverse correlation with the the duration of CAPD and ESRD and with the number of
      peritonitis episodes, albeit without statistical significance. We conclude that
      the peritoneal vascular reserve has individual characteristics, and that perhaps
      the OMI or some other similar index might serve to quantify and characterise it,
      if our findings are confirmed.

PMID- 4055095
TI  - Dual lumen subclavian catheters for haemodialysis.
AB  - The dual lumen catheter has recently been developed as a subclavian vascular
      access device for haemodialysis. This paper describes our preliminary experience
      with two currently available catheters of this design: the Shiley Dual Lumen
      Catheter, and the Quinton-Mahurkar Dual Lumen Catheter. The performance of both
      catheters, characterised by high blood flow rate capabilities, low venous
      resistances and minimal recirculation, is superior to that of other types of
      subclavian haemodialysis cannula.

PMID- 4055096
TI  - Properties of new sorbents containing activated carbon-PHEMA-PEG.
AB  - A new immobilized powder activated carbon system was developed. In this approach,
      highly biocompatible hydrophilic polymer gels, namely polyHEMA and PEG, were used
      as support. The sorbents were produced by radiation-induced polymerization of
      HEMA in super-cooled media. The polymer composites obtained by using different
      ratios of ingredients (HEMA, PEG and AC) and by changing the radiation dose
      period, were in the form of, almost, spherical black gels having different
      elasticities. Equilibrium adsorption studies were carried out to evaluate the
      sorption capacities of both powder and immobilized activated carbon. The
      comparative performance characteristics of the hemoperfusion columns filled with
      either granules or immobilized carbons were obtained for creatinine. Fresh human
      blood was used to study the biocompatibility of immobilized carbon samples. The
      surface morphology and the pore structure of the gels were evaluated by means of
      Scanning Electron Microphotography and Optical Microphotography. According to the
      experimental results, it was concluded that this new type of immobilized
      activated carbon system seems to be more attractive for hemoperfusion
      applications due to having comparatively higher adsorption rates and very good
      blood compatibility as well as simple and uniformly reproducible method of
      production.

PMID- 4055097
TI  - Autotransfusion and emergency surgery: preliminary report on an improved
      technique.
AB  - A new improved technique of erythrocyte autotransfusion is described. Autologous
      blood aspirated from the operative field is centrifuged, washed and reinfused in
      5-10 minutes. The systems is composed of a centrifuge and vacuum pump built into
      the machine. The disposable set is very easy to assemble, and cost-effective.
      Preliminary data of 19 patients operated as emergency cases are shown. None had
      postoperative bleeding. Platelet count and function did not change. Even in the
      cirrhotic patients there were no changes in coagulation two hours after
      autotransfusion. The system seems easy to use, cost-effective and particularly
      indicated in emergency surgery.

PMID- 4055098
TI  - Adsorption and desorption characteristics of nucleotide based coenzymes on
      agarose encapsulated resins for long term cofactor supply of enzymatic reactions.
AB  - In order to find optimal long term cofactor supply for continuous enzymatic
      detoxification processes, different resins of varying surface, dipole moment,
      pore size, and chemical structure were investigated for their adsorptive capacity
      as well as their desorption behaviour towards various nucleotide based coenzymes.
      UDPGA, NADPGH, NADH, and SAM were gently shaken with agarose coated resins XAD
      12, XAD-8, XAD-7, XAD-4, XAD-2, Dowex 1 X 2 (50-100; 200-400), Dowex 1 X 4 (20
      50; 200-400), Dowex 2 X 8, and charcoal until all nucleotide was adsorbed or a
      saturation of the resins was achieved. High adsorption capacity was not always
      found to correlate with a steady release of cofactor in desorption experiments.
      Under this premise the optimal resin-cofactor combinations for long term cofactor
      supply were found to be XAD-12 for UDPGA, Dowex 2 X 8 for NADPH, Dowex 1 X 4 (20
      50) for NADH, and XAD-7 for SAM.

PMID- 4055099
TI  - Preparation of a bicarbonate-buffered, plasma-resembling parenteral solution.

PMID- 4055100
TI  - Haemodialysis induced activation of complement relates also to individual
      responsiveness.

PMID- 4055101
TI  - May pancreatitis represent a CAPD complication? Report of two cases with a
      rapidly evolution to death.

PMID- 4055102
TI  - II International Symposium on Plasma Exchange in Nephrology. May 18-19, 1984,
      Viareggio, Italy.

PMID- 4055103
TI  - Prostaglandins and other arachidonic acid metabolites in the pathogenesis of
      clinical and experimental glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Isolated glomeruli, glomerular epithelial cells and mesangial cells contain the
      cyclooxygenase enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandin (PG)
      endoperoxides. Biologically active metabolites of the latter include PGE2, PGF2
      alpha, PGI2 and Thromboxane (TX) A2. These substances modulate renal cortical
      functions, i.e. renin release, renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration
      rate. Acute glomerular injury (nephrotoxic serum nephritis) augments glomerular
      production of PGs and TXA2. Thromboxane A2 reduces glomerular function and
      inhibition of TXA2 synthesis preserves GFR and RBF in this disease model.
      Patients with chronic glomerulonephritis have a lower urinary excretion of 6-Keto
      PGF1 alpha (the stable hydrolysis product of the vasodilator PGI2). In these
      patients, inhibition of PGI2 synthesis by a cyclooxygenase inhibitor leads to
      reductions in GFR and RBF inversely related to the basal urinary excretion of 6
      Keto-PGF1 alpha. These findings suggest that in both acute and chronic
      glomerulonephritis, arachidonate metabolites may serve as pathophysiologic
      mediators of changes in glomerular function.

PMID- 4055104
TI  - The blood pressure lowering effects of plasma exchange.

PMID- 4055105
TI  - Plasma exchange in the treatment of essential mixed cryoglobulinemia nephropathy.
      Long-term follow up.
AB  - Plasma exchange is increasingly used for management of Essential Mixed
      Cryoglobulinemia. However little is known about the long term effects of this
      treatment. Therefore we have reviewed the clinical and laboratory data of 20
      patients with type II EMC who were followed for a mean of 24 months. 16 patients
      had renal involvement, which was characterized histologically in all of them: 9
      had diffuse proliferative GN plus endoluminal "thrombi" in 6 and vasculitis in 5,
      4 had lobular membranoproliferative GN and 3 had focal proliferative GN. 14
      patients had renal failure and 13 had proteinuria greater than or equal to 2 g/24
      hr. PE (combined with immunosuppressive drugs in 18) was performed for a mean of
      18 procedures. The combined treatment induced prompt remission of extrarenal and
      renal involvement. Serum creatinine and proteinuria decreased significantly in
      all but 2 patients during the treatment (s. creatinine from 2.9 to 1.6 mg/dl;
      proteinuria from 3.5 to 1.6 g/24 hr). Analysis of long term follow up revealed
      that these effects were long lasting in all the cases. We conclude that PE should
      be used for EMC nephropathy whenever prompt remission is not obtained by
      conventional therapy especially in consideration of its long term beneficial
      effects.

PMID- 4055106
TI  - Long term effects of cryoapheresis and cytostatic treatment in essential mixed
      cryoglobulinemia.
AB  - We studied the effects of cryoapheresis combined with different immunosuppressive
      treatments on the course of the glomerulonephritis of essential mixed
      cryoglobulinemia. The study was carried out on 11 patients. The effects of
      immunosuppressive treatments on cryoglobulin rebound after cryoapheresis varied
      widely. In those responding with sustained reduction in serum cryoglobulin
      levels, creatinine clearance increased, an effect that lasted several years in 4
      patients. In one patient cryoglobulin disappeared, with almost fully recovery of
      renal function and normalization of blood pressure. One patient died of acute
      liver failure shortly after the first observation and another entered regular
      dialysis treatment. All the other patients are still alive after follow-up of 2-9
      years. These results compare favourably with those reported by other
      investigators and suggest that cryoapheresis and cytostatic drugs are beneficial
      for glomerulonephritis associated with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia.

PMID- 4055107
TI  - An extracorporeal hollow fiber reactor for selective removal of antibodies or
      antigens.

PMID- 4055109
TI  - Effects of plasma-exchange on complement-mediated solubilization of circulating
      immune complexes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - In an uncontrolled clinical trial the effects of plasma-exchange (PE) on the
      capacity of the serum to solubilize circulating immune complexes were studied in
      patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus. Four patients were treated
      with immunosuppressive therapy alone, while others were also treated by PE over a
      period of four to seven weeks. Plasma was replaced by fresh frozen plasma in the
      final part of each procedure. All patients showed evidence of clinical
      improvement at the time of treatment. Furthermore, PE was demonstrated to reduce
      drastically the number of relapses. An improvement of the capacity of solubilize
      immune complexes in vitro associated with a persistent fall in the levels of the
      circulating immune complexes was observed in patients treated with PE. This
      suggests that fresh frozen plasma improves the clearance of immune complexes and
      reduces the frequency of relapses. In our experience, clinical improvement and/or
      resolution of the symptoms seems to be related to the decrease in serum immune
      complex levels, while clinical relapses seem to parallel the behaviour of
      complement-mediated solubilization.

PMID- 4055108
TI  - Plasma exchange therapy in rapidly progressive renal failure due to multiple
      myeloma.
AB  - Nineteen patients with severe renal failure due to multiple myeloma and with
      Bence Jones proteinuria greater than 1 gm/day were randomly assigned to group I
      or group II. Corticosteroids and cytotoxic drugs were given to all cases. The 9
      patients of group I were also treated by peritoneal dialysis and the 10 patients
      of group II by plasma exchange and hemodialysis. Only 1 patient of group I, who
      was not oliguric at the onset, showed partial recovery from renal failure after 3
      months of therapy, while 9 patients of group II (3 of whom were oliguric) had
      significant decrease in Bence Jones proteinuria and rapid improvement from the
      renal failure. In our experience, plasma exchange is more effective than
      peritoneal dialysis for reducing Bence Jones proteinuria and recovering from
      renal failure, even when there is oliguria.

PMID- 4055110
TI  - Optimization of bioreactors for clinical use.

PMID- 4055111
TI  - Current status of membrane plasma separation and plasma filtration techniques.
AB  - Blood and plasma processing by membranes was introduced into clinical medicine in
      1979. In the meantime, membrane plasma separation (plasmapheresis) has become
      very satisfactory and is now a routine therapeutic procedure in many apheresis
      centers. Plasma fractionation by membranes (plasma filtration or cascade
      filtration) for unselective removal of high molecular weight pathogens from the
      separated plasma is technically possible but its routine clinical application is
      still limited to a few diseases with at least IgM-sized target proteins. The
      separation of IgG from albumin needed to treat many autoimmune diseases requires
      further development of both the membranes and the filtration technology.

PMID- 4055112
TI  - Evaluation of two new filtration systems--Fenwal PS400 and Organon Teknika
      Curesis--and comparison of results with two centrifugation systems--IBM model
      2997 and Haemonetics V50.
AB  - Two new filtration systems (Fenwal CPS 10TM - PS 400 and Organon Teknika Curesis 
      M82) were evaluated and compared with two centrifugal cell separators (IBM 2997
      and Haemonetics V50). 11 patients with auto immune diseases and dermatological
      diseases underwent 230 consecutive plasma exchanges. For the filtration systems,
      the average whole blood rate was 50 ml/min and the plasma separation rate was
      about 21 ml/min for a transmembrane pressure about 70 mmHg. The pre/post percent
      reduction and sieving coefficient were calculated for some plasma and blood
      components. A variety of laboratory studies was monitored to assess the efficacy
      of plasma separators, their biocompatibility and some yields. These results show
      that the 2 filters appear safe and efficacious but their modules are too simple
      and do not offer a great security (no transmembrane pressure control or no
      extracorporeal fluid balance). For a blood banker, IBM 2997 seems more
      interesting if we take in account its characteristics during plasma exchanges and
      the possibility which is offered to carry out cytapheresis procedures. But for a
      thrombopenic patient the filtration systems keep their advantages.

PMID- 4055113
TI  - Plasma exchange-induced biological stress of the Hagemann-mediated systems:
      results of contact activation and plasma substitution.
AB  - Plasma exchange can induce changes in the biological systems of coagulation,
      fibrinolysis, complement and kinins, either by contact activation or plasma
      substitution. In order to know which of the two is responsible, the actual
      initial and final values and theoretical calculated final values were compared.
      Fibrinogen, Antithrombin III and platelets fell more than expected, and there was
      a significant increase in Platelet-Factor four and Betathromboglobulin which was
      greater than would produced by plasma substitution alone. Fibrinolysis is
      shortened and white cells rise. Complement and kinins were not significantly
      changed. During plasma exchange, contact activation actually triggers coagulo
      fibrinolytic pathway and stresses cellular components.

PMID- 4055114
TI  - Plasma exchange in progressive primary IgA nephropathy.
AB  - Five patients with progressive primary IgA nephropathy (PIgAGN) were treated by
      plasma-exchange (PE) combined with immunosuppressive drugs. Circulating IgA
      containing immune complexes (IgAIC), detected by a specific conglutinin solid
      phase assay, were monitored. Two patients with acute nephritic syndrome and
      rapidly progressing course, crescent formations and high levels of IgAIC had
      substantial lasting clinical improvement after several PE, with a fall in IgAIC
      levels. Another rapidly progressive case with marked sclerotic changes and a
      longer history of nephritic syndrome, but with normal levels of IgAIC, did not
      show any clinical improvement after PE. Two patients with a PIgAGN diagnosed
      several years before and presenting slowly evolutive course had no substantial
      clinical benefit from PE treatment. IgAIC levels, very high before PE temporarily
      decreased, but returned to the previous values after the end of the treatment. We
      conclude that PE combined with immunosuppressive treatment may be of clinical
      benefit for cases with acute nephritic syndrome of recent onset who still have
      high levels of IgAIC, even when important crescent formations are present.

PMID- 4055115
TI  - Immune complex behaviour during prolonged plasma exchange in essential mixed
      cryoglobulinemia and systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - A number of immunological parameters were measured in 9 patients with essential
      mixed cryoglobulinemia and 12 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
      undergoing plasma exchange alone or without cytotoxic drugs. Only cryocrit
      significantly decreased in the majority of patients with essential mixed
      cryoglobulinemia. In contrast, immune complex levels, measured in two different
      ways, did not change on the whole, although variable and unpredictable changes
      were often present in individual patients. Thus, these data do not support the
      view that the mechanism(s) of action of plasma exchange in these diseases is only
      due to the quantitative removal of circulating immune complexes, and qualitative
      changes in the immune complex moiety may also occur.

PMID- 4055116
TI  - Harmful effects of electromagnetic fields: myth or reality?

PMID- 4055117
TI  - On-line four channel measurements of colonic myoelectrical activity in humans
      using a compact portable microcomputer (EPSON HX20).
AB  - This paper describes a rapid, inexpensive method for a quantitative analysis of
      colonic myoelectrical analysis using a simple low-cost portable, battery-powered
      microcomputer EPSON HX20, including a printer and microcassette units. The EMG
      signals from the right to the left colon were obtained using an intraluminal
      probe supporting 8 groups of electrodes, placed by endoscopy and connected to an
      8-channel amplifiers. The EMG signals were continuously and successively
      amplified, filtered, rectified, integrated for the computerized analysis
      consisting of the recognition of the different kinds of spike bursts and their
      separate measurement during successive 30 min intervals over the entire (24-36 h)
      period of EMG recordings. For each channel, the printing program shows each 30
      min interval, total duration and number of each kind of spike bursts. An
      histogram of the total values for 4 channels was printed at 12-h intervals and
      stored in the microcassette unit. This microcomputerized system was successfully
      used in 4 healthy volunteers during 36 h recording sessions performed to analyze
      the influence of feeding and sleep of colonic myoelectrical activity.

PMID- 4055118
TI  - Zonal parametric imaging: concept and application to renal angiography.
AB  - A new method is described that modifies the original concept of parametric or
      functional imaging. While the conventional parametric image replaces a temporal
      sequence of images with a single static image based upon a selected parameter, in
      the new approach fixed zonal areas and bands are established within the imaged
      organ, and the mean value for each zone is computed. It is shown that parametric
      images can be quantified and objectively compared in this way. The algorithm has
      been implemented to analyze renal studies.

PMID- 4055119
TI  - EEG waveform analysis by means of dynamic time-warping.
AB  - The feasibility of using dynamic time-warping (DTW) to cluster EEG waveforms was
      studied. DTW compresses and extends the time axes of pairs of digitized waveforms
      to reduce the effects of minor differences in shape due to noise and normal,
      random shape fluctuations. The sum of the absolute amplitude differences that
      remain after time-warping can be used as a similarity index in a clustering
      procedure. Experiments with simulated data revealed that DTW based clustering
      could distinguish between waves only slightly different in frequency, amplitude,
      peak location, or initial phase. DTW clustering was also applied to sharp waves
      and spikes taken from actual EEG data and compared with an approach based on
      features extracted from the waveforms, and one based on computing the peak
      aligned difference between waveforms. The results indicated that the DTW approach
      yielded more homogeneous clusters than the other two methods.

PMID- 4055120
TI  - A bilinear control model for tumor growth and chemotherapy.
AB  - A new bilinear control model using Volterra-like equations is developed to
      analyze the growth of normal and malignant cells. The model is validated using
      experimental data on untreated sarcoma in mice. The model equations are modified
      to account for injection of a chemotherapeutic drug. Two drug scheduling methods
      are simulated to investigate the effect of the chemotherapeutic agent. The
      simulation results are in general agreement with clinical observations.

PMID- 4055121
TI  - A study of the use of free-text fields within a computer medical records system.
AB  - At present, the general practitioner considers any imposed rigidity or
      standardisation in his record keeping as an encroachment on his clinical
      practice. Thus, computerised clinical records are regarded with some suspicion.
      This paper explores the likely requirements of a computerised records system
      which will leave the clinician all his freedom, but at the same time give him all
      the potential advantages of a structured information gathering system. This
      investigation formed part of a joint project between IBM and the University of
      Sheffield Medical School, in conjunction with two general practices in the
      Sheffield area. The overall objective of the project was to investigate the
      requirements for computers in general practice, and develop an experimental GP
      computer system.

PMID- 4055122
TI  - Applications of lasers in medicine and surgery.

PMID- 4055123
TI  - The biological effects of air ions.

PMID- 4055124
TI  - Effects of low frequency electric fields on the sedimentation rate of human
      blood. Preliminary observations.

PMID- 4055125
TI  - Long-term biological effects of air ions and D.C. electric fields on NAMRU mice:
      first year report.

PMID- 4055126
TI  - Long-term biological effects of air ions and D.C. electric fields on NAMRU mice:
      second year report.

PMID- 4055127
TI  - Parity and cancer risk in Slovakia.
AB  - Mortality data from women aged 45-74 who died between 1968 and 1977 in Slovakia,
      Czechoslovakia, were used to examine the effect of parity (number of live-born
      children) on risk of dying from each of 20 common cancers. After controlling for
      the effects of age and year of death, the effect of parity on risk was
      statistically significant at the p less than 0.001 level, for cancers of the
      stomach, liver, gall-bladder, breast, cervix, and ovary; and at the p less than
      0.01 level for uterine corpus and brain. No effect of parity was seen for cancer
      of the colon or rectum. Among parous women the trend relating risk to level of
      parity was significant at the p less than 0.001 level for cancers of the breast,
      uterine corpus, ovary and brain; and at the p less than 0.01 level for stomach
      cancer. The findings relating parity to cancers of the breast and reproductive
      organs are consistent with previous reports. The associations of parity with
      cancers of the digestive tract deserve further study.

PMID- 4055128
TI  - Detection of a retrovirus-related glycoprotein in immune complexes from patients
      with hematopoietic disorders.
AB  - Human sera from normal and leukemic individuals were found to contain various
      amounts of an antigen with determinants related to p15E and reverse transcriptase
      of retroviruses. Using a specific monoclonal antibody and the immuno-affinity
      purified antigen, we surveyed a series of sera and plasmas from normal
      individuals and hematological patients by competition radioimmunoassays and
      binding assays directed against this specific protein. It was detected in all the
      samples at various levels. The level of this 74-kd glycoprotein appeared to be
      related to a stimulation of the hematopoietic system. No free antibodies were
      found that could recognized the labelled purified antigen. Only immune complexes
      prepared from the blood of some hematological patients contained the specific
      antigen, but complexes prepared from the blood of normal individuals did not.

PMID- 4055129
TI  - Prospective studies on nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Epstein-Barr virus IgA/VCA
      antibody-positive persons in Wuzhou City, China.
AB  - A serological mass survey was carried out in Wuzhou City in 1980, 1,136 IgA/VCA
      positive persons being followed up for 4 years. Altogether 35 NPC cases were
      detected, of which 15 (43%) were in stage I and 17 (48.5%) in stage II, early
      cases (I + II) thus amounting to 91.5%. The detection rate of early cases was 2.9
      times higher than in our outpatient clinic. IgA/VCA antibody could be detected 16
      41 months prior to clinical diagnosis of NPC. We conclude that, if IgA/VCA
      positive individuals are examined routinely once a year, NPC can be detected in
      the early stages of evolution. The annual detection rate of NPC in IgA/VCA
      antibody-positive individuals was 31.7 times higher than that of the annual
      incidence of NPC in the general population in the same age group, while during
      the 4-year follow-up period the incidence was 7.5 times higher than in the
      general population for the same age group. These results further indicate that EB
      virus plays an important role in the development of NPC, and that serological
      screening and follow-up studies are valuable for the early detection of NPC.

PMID- 4055130
TI  - Glycoconjugates of murine tumor lines with different metastatic capacities. II.
      Diversity of glycolipid composition.
AB  - A syngeneic tumor system in DBA/2 mice consisting of a methyl-cholanthrene
      induced, weakly metastatic lymphoma, L5178YE (= Eb), its spontaneous strongly
      metastatic variant, L5178YES (= ESb), and an unrelated, methylcholanthrene
      induced, metastasizing tumor, MDAY-D2, were used to study the relationship
      between metastatic behavior and composition of GSLs. The D-1-14C galactose and D
      1-14C glucosamine-labelled neutral GSL and gangliosides of these tumor cells, and
      additionally ConA-stimulated spleen T cells from normal mice, were analysed by
      thin-layer chromatography. Unlabelled GSLs of the tumors were also characterized
      by (HPLC) after perbenzoylation. Results obtained with the radioactively labelled
      GSLs correlated with those of the HPLC analysis of unlabelled GSLs. All tumors
      contained neutral GSL of the ganglio-series. Weakly metastatic tumor Eb showed
      neutral GSL patterns comparable to those from ConA-stimulated spleen cells,
      whereas strongly metastatic tumors ESb and MDAY-D2 had an enhanced expression of
      lactosylceramide. Gangliosides of metastatic ESb and MDAY-D2 had a higher degree
      of polarity than those of weakly metastatic Eb. Eb cells expressed primarily GM1.
      Metastasizing ESb and MDAY-D2 had significantly higher amounts of GM3, GM2 and
      GD1a. An unusual ganglioside, IV3GalNAc-GM1, was found in MDAY-D2 cells and ConA
      blasts. When the extent of label was compared in neutral GSLs and gangliosides,
      metastasizing ESb and MDAY-D2 were more heavily labelled in the ganglioside
      fraction (62%, 58%) than Eb (39%). ESb and MDAY-D2 also contained larger amounts
      of gangliosides than Eb.

PMID- 4055131
TI  - Dead-end tract of the conduction axis.
AB  - In the definitive heart the anterior continuation of the main conduction axis is
      considered to be the right bundle branch. In this study three hearts from
      neonates and infants were examined in which this situation did not pertain. The
      conduction axis continued beyond the point of origin of the right bundle branch
      as a dead-end tract. In two normal hearts the tract then faded out in the central
      fibrous body. In one heart with Fallot's tetralogy it disappeared on the crest of
      the trabecular septum. Although we are unaware of any functional significance of
      these tracts, our findings are of considerable interest in understanding the
      development of the atrioventricular conduction system.

PMID- 4055132
TI  - Absent right atrioventricular connexion with the left atrium connected to the
      morphologically right ventricle, a right-sided rudimentary left ventricle, and
      right juxtaposition of the atrial appendages: documentation by angiography and
      cross-sectional echocardiography.
AB  - In this report, a 12-hr-old male infant was demonstrated to have the absent
      connexion variant of right atrioventricular valve atresia with the left atrium
      connected to the morphologically right ventricle with a right-sided rudimentary
      left ventricle. The aorta arose from the right ventricle and there was pulmonary
      atresia, the pulmonary circulation being duct-dependent. In addition there was
      right juxtaposition of the atrial appendages. The definitive cross-sectional
      echocardiographic and angiographic findings are presented.

PMID- 4055133
TI  - Cardiac malformations in spontaneous abortions.
AB  - A detailed examination of 247 spontaneously aborted foetuses, under the age of 24
      weeks gestation, showed 38 instances of cardiac malformation (15.4%). Very early
      specimens were not included. There was a bimodal relationship with maternal age
      and parity and a higher incidence in summer conceptions, but there was no
      apparent association with maternal blood groups. There were more male foetuses
      and they had proportionately more malformed hearts than the females. There was a
      marked inverse relationship with foetal age; in early foetuses, less than 25 mm,
      cardiac malformations were present in 68%. A wide variety of morphological
      abnormalities was encountered; these are listed. No cardiac malformations
      occurred in 72 threatened abortions which went to full-term delivery.

PMID- 4055134
TI  - Efficacy of intravenous amiodarone in the management of paroxysmal or new atrial
      fibrillation with fast ventricular response.
AB  - We tested the efficacy of intravenous amiodarone (5 mg/kg) in slowing ventricular
      response and/or restoring sinus rhythm in 26 patients with paroxysmal or new
      atrial fibrillation with fast ventricular response. There were 16 men and 10
      women with ages ranging from 35 to 84 years, mean 63 years. Intravenous
      amiodarone initially slowed the ventricular response in all patients from 143 +/-
      27 to 96 +/- 10 beats/min (P less than 0.001). Twelve patients (46%) reverted to
      sinus rhythm within the first 30 min (range 5 to 30 min, mean 14 +/- 9 min). One
      patient reverted to atrial flutter after 10 min and 40 min later to sinus rhythm.
      Six patients (23%) converted to sinus rhythm after 2 to 8 hr and in these 6
      cases, the initial slowing in ventricular response obtained with amiodarone
      persisted until conversion. Seven patients (27%) did not convert to sinus rhythm
      following amiodarone administration and they required further medical therapy to
      slow the ventricular response and/or to convert to sinus rhythm. No serious side
      effects from drug administration were noted. Intravenous amiodarone appears as a
      highly effective medication in the conversion or control of new onset atrial
      fibrillation with fast ventricular response.

PMID- 4055135
TI  - Biplane measurement of mitral valve orifice size by two-dimensional
      echocardiography.
AB  - We used a new method of imaging the mitral valve orifice in two planes to assess
      187 cases of mitral stenosis. By ensuring that the diastolic antero-posterior
      diameter of the mitral valve orifice in the short-axis view was the same as that
      obtained in the long-axis view, imaging of the true mitral valve orifice could be
      confirmed in 173 cases. This objective method proved to be accurate and could
      eliminate observer variation noted in other methods of current usage.

PMID- 4055136
TI  - Subacute bacterial endocarditis following ear acupuncture.
AB  - Ear acupuncture followed by sepsis caused subacute bacterial endocarditis in a
      patient with rheumatic valve disease.

PMID- 4055137
TI  - QT prolongation and torsades de pointes: the sole manifestation of coronary
      artery disease.
AB  - We describe a case of torsades de pointes as the sole manifestation of coronary
      artery disease, a presentation not previously reported to our knowledge.

PMID- 4055138
TI  - Quadrivalvular heart disease.
AB  - A case of chronic rheumatic heart disease with quadrivalvular involvement is
      presented. Pulmonary valve involvement was diagnosed only at surgery. The rarity
      of this disorder and problems regarding diagnosis and management are highlighted.

PMID- 4055139
TI  - Echocardiographic features after surgical treatment for Bland-White-Garland
      syndrome.
AB  - We recently studied a patient with the Bland-White-Garland syndrome (anomalous
      origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk) who was successfully
      treated surgically using an autogenous pericardial tube for interposition between
      the aorta and the anomalous coronary arterial origin. Attention is drawn to the
      distinct echocardiographic pattern seen after this type of operation.

PMID- 4055140
TI  - Three-dimensional echocardiographic reconstruction: how does it stack up?
AB  - In conclusion, the data shows that in excellent quality studies such as those
      obtained in vitro, 3D echocardiography is as accurate in describing the volume of
      the left ventricle as is angiography. When excellent quality images are obtained,
      the endocardial wall motion, wall thickening and thinning are better described.
      This, in addition to echocardiography's promise of visualizing coronary perfusion
      regions using contrast agents and of detecting ultrasound tissue signatures of
      diseased myocardium give 3D echocardiography a very bright potential in research.
      Since ACCURACY is of utmost importance in defining the extent of wall motion
      defects for evaluation of therapeutic interventions, 3D reconstruction in the
      short term can only be beneficial in those patients who have excellent quality
      studies. In the evaluation of patients with valvular disease where changes in
      absolute volume may herald deterioration before change in ejection fraction, 3D
      echocardiography may find a more immediate role. In this situation, although
      there is still a degree of variability, predicted volumes are as good as those
      predicted from any other technique.

PMID- 4055141
TI  - The use of multiple extrastimuli during programmed ventricular stimulation: how
      many should be used?

PMID- 4055142
TI  - Atrial septal defect in patients over the age of 50.
AB  - Clinical, haemodynamic and follow-up data are presented for a group of 49
      patients with atrial septal defect who first presented between the ages of 50 and
      79. The incidence of supraventricular arrhythmias, pulmonary vascular disease and
      "heart failure" all increased with increasing age. Those who had the defect
      closed tended to be the more symptomatic and surgery resulted in symptomatic
      improvement in almost all. The combined early and late surgical mortality was
      6.6%. Surgery appears to be of benefit in symptomatic patients below the age of
      70. Above this age our small experience would suggest caution in recommending
      closure of the defect.

PMID- 4055143
TI  - Stress testing predischarge and six weeks after myocardial infarction to compare
      submaximal and maximal exercise predischarge and to assess the reproducibility of
      induced abnormalities.
AB  - Submaximal and maximal treadmill exercise tests were performed predischarge in 64
      patients after acute myocardial infarction to assess the relative yield of
      residual ischaemic abnormalities. The reproducibility of individual abnormalities
      resulting from maximal stress tests performed predischarge and 6 weeks after
      infarction was also assessed in 55 of these patients. Compared with predischarge
      submaximal exercise testing, a maximal exercise test identified a significantly
      greater number of patients with residual myocardial ischaemia (26 vs. 15, P less
      than 0.05) and this was associated with a significantly longer average maximal
      exercise duration (P less than 0.001), and a higher rate-pressure product (P less
      than 0.001). Among the 55 patients who had maximal stress tests both predischarge
      and 6 weeks after infarction, there was a significant lack of reproducibility in
      the occurrence of exercise induced angina (P less than 0.01) and an abnormal
      blood pressure response (P less than 0.02). In contrast, exercise induced ST
      segment depression and elevation and ventricular arrhythmias were relatively
      reproducible. More patients had an ischaemic test result (ST depression or
      angina) at the later test compared to the predischarge test (33 vs. 25 patients)
      but this increase was not statistically significant. There were, however,
      significant increases at the later test in mean maximal exercise duration (P less
      than 0.001). mean maximal heart rate (P less than 0.001) and heart rate-systolic
      blood pressure double product (P less than 0.001). The majority of patients who
      had a cardiac event in the period between the two tests had a predischarge test
      abnormality. We conclude that a significantly greater number of patients with
      residual reversible myocardial ischaemia after infarction will be identified by
      symptom limited exercise testing compared with a submaximal predischarge test.
      Because ST depression and elevation appear reproducible, patients who develop
      these abnormalities during a predischarge test do not, for prognostic reasons,
      need retesting 6 weeks after infarction. Exercise induced angina pectoris and an
      abnormal blood pressure response, however, are highly variable and in these
      patients a repeat test may be useful.

PMID- 4055144
TI  - Multiple unipolar lead electrocardiographic monitoring during exercise in severe
      coronary artery disease: a comparison with bipolar lead monitoring.
AB  - A system of 21-lead electrocardiography was used to assess 21 patients with
      severe angina during and after exercise using on-line computerised ST segment
      analysis. A direct comparison was made between the results obtained from 18
      unipolar precordial leads and those from bipolar leads CM5 and CC5. Treadmill
      exercise was performed 48 hr prior to cardiac catheterization, which revealed
      luminal narrowing of at least 70% in one or more major coronary arteries in all
      cases. In all cases the ST depression exceeded 1 mm in both CM5 and CC5 at the
      peak of exercise. The magnitude of ST depression was greater in the bipolar leads
      in 75% of cases and in the remaining 25% the greatest peak ST depression occurred
      in a single unipolar lead. There was no correlation between the magnitude of ST
      depression and the number of coronary vessels involved. Isopotential surface
      mapping in the anterior, lateral and inferior projections from the unipolar leads
      at each stage of exercise failed to show a correlation between the area or
      distribution of ST segment change and the number or anatomical location of the
      vessels involved. It was not possible to show that the multiple-lead system could
      differentiate the site and severity of coronary artery disease in these patients
      with angina. The multiple-lead system was cumbersome and time-consuming in
      application and therefore cannot be recommended for routine exercise testing.

PMID- 4055145
TI  - Cardiac valve area formula for the assessment of aortic stenosis based upon
      evaluation of left ventricular wall stress in diastole.
AB  - We have investigated the application of an hydraulic orifice equation employing
      aortic valve pressure gradient derived from ventricular diastolic wall stress
      measurements to estimate obstructive orifice area in aortic stenosis. The
      expression is given by A = SV square root (D/W)/(750t), where A is the aortic
      valve area in cm2, SV is the stroke volume in ml, D is the left ventricular minor
      axis dimension in diastole, W is the left ventricular posterior wall thickness in
      diastole and t is the systolic ejection period in sec. Valve areas computed by
      this expression using diastolic wall stress measurements correspond with valve
      areas derived from the Gorlin formula at a level characterized by a correlation
      coefficient of r = 0.95 and a standard error of SE = 0.16 cm2, N = 13 for a
      series of catheterization studies. All the parameters that enter the new
      expression may be estimated by conventional echocardiographic techniques.

PMID- 4055146
TI  - Reproducibility of metabolical parameters during successive coronary sinus pacing
      in patients known to have coronary artery disease.
AB  - We have studied the reproducibility of myocardial extraction ratios of lactate,
      glucose and free fatty acids in patients with stable angina during atrial pacing.
      Two pacing periods, separated by an interval of 45 min, were imposed. The
      individual data were highly reproducible for lactate. Mean values for glucose and
      for free fatty acids were closely similar in the two successive tests, but the
      individual response was not so highly reproducible. We recommend the
      demonstration of the reproducibility of events during pacing in studies in which
      the effects of the therapeutic interventions are being assessed. This is
      especially so when observations are made in a small number of patients.

PMID- 4055147
TI  - Fibrosarcoma of the right ventricle--a case report.
AB  - An unusual case of fibrosarcoma of the right ventricle is described in a 25-year
      old man. The diagnosis of a right ventricular tumour was made on the basis of
      echocardiographic and radionuclide studies and was confirmed by
      angiocardiography. The surgical management and postoperative course are described
      together with a brief review of the literature.

PMID- 4055148
TI  - Anomalous origin of the left coronary arterial tree through three stems--one from
      the pulmonary trunk.
AB  - In an 18-year-old asymptomatic male athlete, the left anterior descending
      coronary artery was found to arise from the pulmonary trunk. The remainder of the
      left coronary arterial tree arose through two stems from the aorta. Collateral
      retrograde filling of the left anterior descending coronary artery from the right
      coronary artery and the left circumflex coronary artery was demonstrated, but we
      found no evidence of left-to-right shunting into the pulmonary trunk. The patient
      has chosen conservative treatment, thus offering an unusual opportunity to follow
      the natural course of this lesion, which may increase understanding of its
      natural history.

PMID- 4055150
TI  - Overriding atrioventricular valves. An angiographic-anatomical correlate.
AB  - An analysis of 6 patients with overriding atrioventricular valve was performed in
      order to correlate the anatomic and angiographic features of this malformation.
      The atrial arrangement was usual (situs solitus) in each patient. The ventricular
      chambers were normally related in 4 and the mirror image of normal in 2. The
      atrioventricular connexion was concordant in parallel fashion in 4, discordant in
      1 and double inlet left ventricle in 1 heart. In 2 of 4 hearts with concordant
      atrioventricular connexion, the right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid) overrode
      the septum and connected partially to the left ventricle. In 2, the left
      atrioventricular valve (mitral) overrode the septum and partially connected with
      the right ventricle. One heart with discordant atrioventricular connexion had its
      right atrioventricular valve (mitral) overriding the septum. The remaining heart
      with double inlet left ventricle had an overriding left atrioventricular valve.
      Each overriding atrioventricular valve had its "septal" leaflet (the one
      committed to the contralateral ventricle) divided into 2 segments by a large
      cleft. Ventricular septal defects at different locations were present in all
      cases. The ventriculoarterial connexion was double outlet right ventricle in 5
      patients and was discordant in 1. Malalignment of the atrial and ventricular
      septa was present to some degree in all cases. This was well depicted on
      ventriculograms in four chamber view in those with an overriding tricuspid valve.
      It was not detected in those with an overriding mitral valve. The displaced
      leaflets of the overriding and/or stradding valve had a vertical motion on
      cineangiograms similar to those observed in atrioventricular septal defects.
      Abnormal morphology and motion of the septal leaflet of the overriding
      atrioventricular valve and malalignment of the atrial and ventricular septal
      structures were the most important angiographic findings in this series.

PMID- 4055149
TI  - Cardiac involvement in congenital myopathy.
AB  - We examined cardiac changes in 8 patients (4 men and 4 women, age 21-43 years)
      with congenital myopathy proven by skeletal muscle biopsy. Of 8 patients, 4
      showed cardiac changes, including 1 with cytoplasmic body myopathy (patient 1), 2
      with minimal change myopathy (patients 2 and 3) and 1 with nemaline myopathy
      (patient 4). Patients 1 and 2 showed left ventricular dilatation with severe
      global hypokinesis of left ventricular wall. These clinical features were quite
      similar to those of dilated cardiomyopathy and the patients were in NYHA class 3
      or 4. Patient 3 had severe mitral regurgitation with mitral valve prolapse. This
      patient also had a persistent left superior vena cava and hypoplasia of the
      aorta, and her cardiac function was in NYHA class 3. Patient 4 showed moderate
      global left ventricular hypokinesis but the left ventricle was not dilated. This
      patient also had sino-atrial block and type A Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. His
      cardiac function was NYHA class 1. In conclusion, various types of congenital
      myopathy are associated with cardiac changes which can result in severe
      congestive heart failure.

PMID- 4055151
TI  - Abnormal architecture of the ventricles in hearts with an overriding aortic valve
      and a perimembranous ventricular septal defect ("Eisenmenger VSD").
AB  - Among 111 hearts with so-called "isolated" ventricular septal defect, 18
      specimens were found to have a subaortic perimembranous defect with an overriding
      aortic valve but without pulmonary stenosis. The ventricular architecture was
      characterized by several abnormalities. A constant finding was the wide right
      ventricular outflow tract. The outlet septum had its normal continuity with the
      septomarginal trabecula, but its parietal extension was located relatively far
      anteriorly. Part of the aortic valve thus inserted to the right ventricular
      component of the ventriculo-infundibular fold in the gap between the outlet
      septum and the tricuspid valve. Left ventricular abnormalities comprised mitral
      valve anomalies in all cases. There was an anteroseptal twist (leftward
      thickening of the anterior part of the ventricular septum) in 16 cases. A
      bicuspid aortic valve and/or malformed cusps were observed in 4 cases. Because of
      the linking phenomenon of aortic override, we also examined 10 hearts with
      tetralogy of Fallot and, in the latter, such abnormalities were not found. Our
      observations indicate that this seemingly simple type of defect is part of a
      complex malformation involving both septation and valve formation. Awareness of
      the existence of the architectural abnormalities might make them accessible for
      echocardiographic diagnosis. It was noteworthy that 11 of the 18 patients had
      chromosomal abnormalities, 9 of them presenting with trisomy-18.

PMID- 4055152
TI  - Classification of hearts with overriding aortic and pulmonary valves.
AB  - Despite the clarity of the sequential segmential segmental approach to complex
      congenital heart malformations, the classification of hearts with overriding
      arterial valves remains contentious. A series of 67 hearts, all with overriding
      arterial valves, has therefore been studied in an attempt to provide clear and
      unambiguous criteria for their classification. There were 51 hearts with an
      overriding aortic valve, 13 hearts with an overriding pulmonary valve and 3
      specimens with overriding of both valves. In each of these categories the degree
      of override and the underlying morphology varied considerably. The options to
      classify these hearts are limited. Using the "50 per cent rule" as a device to
      catalogue the type of connexion - irrespective of the morphology - all hearts
      were described in unambiguous fashion. A comparison with synonyms, as frequently
      used for purposes of classification, revealed that the latter are often
      insufficient properly to classify the basic abnormality. By classifying the type
      of connexion and describing the morphology separately, no basic problem remains
      in distinguishing between hearts with double outlet right ventricle and
      subpulmonary ventricular septal defect and hearts with the morphology of Fallot's
      tetralogy with an aorta almost exclusively arising from the right ventricle.
      Similarly, the classification of hearts with complete transposition and
      subpulmonary defect in the setting of the so-called Taussig-Bing heart is brought
      back to its proper perspective. Proper and consistent application of the
      sequential segmental approach leaves no room for ambiguity, even in complicated
      hearts with overriding arterial valves.

PMID- 4055153
TI  - Radiation-induced coronary obstructive atherosclerosis and sudden death in a
      teenager.
AB  - An 18-year-old woman, affected by Hodgkin's disease and treated successfully with
      radiotherapy, died suddenly. The postmortem study showed an acute septal
      myocardial infarction in the presence of a severe focal atherosclerotic lesion of
      the anterior descending coronary artery. This suggests that radiation may
      contribute to the early development of coronary artery disease.

PMID- 4055154
TI  - Broncho-atrial discordance. A clinically diagnosed case.
AB  - Determination of the arrangement of the atrial chambers ("atrial situs") is the
      first step in sequential chamber analysis of complex congenital heart disease.
      Although bronchial pattern, as detected by chest X-ray, is an excellent guide for
      prediction of atrial arrangement, exceptions to this rule based on post-mortem
      examination have been described. We report a case in which discordance between
      the atrial arrangement (mirror-image) and bronchial morphology (usual) was
      diagnosed during life.

PMID- 4055155
TI  - Education and employability of young cardiac patients.
AB  - Between 1966-1980, 136 young cardiac patients were categorized as disabled in
      accordance with the National Act of Rehabilitation. To study their fate a
      questionnaire was circulated to them: 96 patients responded, all were 15 years of
      age or more at the time of the study; 31.2% attended middle or higher school
      education and 63.3% were employed; 45.9% were skilled and 54.1% unskilled
      workers; 2.2% were unemployed, which was very close to the general youth
      unemployment rate. Work was provided for unemployed patients in their homes but
      they needed additional financial support. The benefits for the young disabled
      cardiac patients include health insurance, vocational training, payment of
      boarding school fees and financial support. Nevertheless the focus of the team
      dealing with these patients should be their preparation for employment.

PMID- 4055156
TI  - Cross-sectional echocardiographic diagnosis of unruptured right sinus of Valsalva
      aneurysm dissecting into the interventricular septum.
AB  - We present a case of an unruptured right coronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm with
      dissection into the interventricular septum diagnosed pre-operatively by cross
      sectional echocardiography. The unique echocardiographic features of this rare,
      although potentially fatal congenital lesion, are described.

PMID- 4055157
TI  - Bioavailability of indomethacin capsules in humans. (I): Bioavailability and
      effects of gastric acidity.
AB  - The bioavailabilities of five indomethacin capsules, two commercial and three
      experimental products, were studied in ten human subjects. The bioavailabilities
      of the products increased in proportion to their in vitro dissolution rates,
      although one of the commercial products provided a relatively lower
      bioavailability than was expected. Comparison of the bioavailabilities between
      high and low gastric acidity humans revealed that the serum levels of the drug
      during the absorption phase following oral administration of all the indomethacin
      products, except for one commercial product, were higher in the low acidity
      subjects than in the high acidity subjects. Also, the mean peak serum level of
      the most rapidly dissolving product was 1.6 times higher in the low acidity
      subjects than in the high acidity ones. These gastric acidity effects indicated
      enhanced dissolution of indomethacin from the capsules in the stomach of low
      acidity humans.

PMID- 4055158
TI  - The in vitro liberation and the bioavailability of different brands of
      griseofulvin in plasma and urine in man.
AB  - The bioavailability of griseofulvin in three different brands, two microfine
      forms (Gricin = G, Likuden = L), and one ultramicrofine form (Gris-PEG = GP), was
      determined in plasma and urine in six healthy volunteers in a crossover study and
      compared with in vitro liberation data. GP shows a higher AUCo infinity (140 +/-
      24 mumol . h . l-1) and Cmax (4.5 +/- 0.1 mumol . h-1) than the microsize brands
      of griseofulvin (AUCo infinity:58 +/- 7, and 45 +/- 6 mumol . h . l-1; Cmax:1.7
      +/- 0.2, and 1.5 +/- 0.2 mumol . l-1; G and L, resp.), but the same tmax at the
      third hour. There results correspond with the in vitro liberation data.
      Contradictory results of the bioavailability are found by determining the amount
      of 6-Demethylgriseofulvin eliminated in urine. The elimination of this main
      metabolite after dosing with L is lower (0.18 +/- 0.02 mmol) than those of the
      other two brands, which do not differ (0.31 +/- 0.04; 0.32 +/- 0.02 mmol, G and
      GP, resp.). It is concluded that the determination of bioavailability only by
      means of the eliminated amount of a metabolite in urine may produce false
      results.

PMID- 4055159
TI  - Effect of antacids on salicylate kinetics.
AB  - The effect of an antacid on the absorption of aspirin can vary depending on
      certain physical characteristics of the brand of aspirin chosen. In a study
      carried out to test the effect of a commonly used antacid on the absorption of a
      brand of aspirin, no differences were seen in the area under the curve (AUC) of
      plasma concentrations of salicylic acid versus time, Cmax and Ka of salicylic
      acid without or with antacid. However, the antacid was seen to alter the pH of
      urine in four of the six subjects investigated. The study, when extended to
      examine the effect of antacid on steady-state kinetics of salicylic acid, showed
      that when the Cmin plasma concentrations of salicylic acid were in the region of
      15 mg%, the antacid reduced the plasma concentrations and half-life of salicylic
      acid. It therefore follows that 15 mg% is the minimum plasma concentration at
      which an antacid that alters the pH of urine brings about a reduction in the
      steady-state plasma concentrations and an increase in the elimination of
      salicylic acid from plasma.

PMID- 4055160
TI  - Prednisolone elimination in human saliva.
AB  - The elimination of prednisolone in saliva was studied following administration of
      intravenous doses of 16, 32, 48 and 64 mg to 7 healthy human subjects. While
      there was an approximate relationship between salivary and plasma concentrations
      of prednisolone a wide inter- and intraindividual variation in the ratio of the
      concentration in these two body fluids was observed. Salivary estimations of
      prednisolone concentration cannot replace plasma concentrations in
      biopharmaceutical studies.

PMID- 4055161
TI  - Treatment of dermatological conditions with a combination of an antibacterial
      agent, an antifungal agent and an antiinflammatory steroid.
AB  - Thirty-eight patients suffering from dermatological conditions of various natures
      were treated by means of the simultaneous application of a combination of three
      creams, the bases of which were sodium fusidate, ketoconazole and clobetasone
      butyrate respectively. Positive results, in the form of remission of symptoms,
      were obtained in 86.7% of the cases. Local tolerance was excellent in all cases
      and no adverse reactions were observed.

PMID- 4055162
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin in chronic renal failure.
AB  - Norfloxacin is an antibacterial drug chiefly eliminated by the kidney and
      therefore useful in the treatment of urinary tract infections. To study its
      pharmacokinetics in chronic renal failure, we administered a single oral dose of
      400 mg to 14 patients and 6 controls with normal renal function. Patients were
      divided into three groups according to the severity of renal failure. Norfloxacin
      was measured in serum and urine by bioassay. Serum half-life in controls was 3.87
      hours and prolonged to 5.85 hours in group I (creatinine clearance 80-45 ml/min),
      7.25 hours (p less than 0.05) in group II (creatinine clearance 44-20 ml/min) and
      8.34 hours (p less than 0.01) in group III patients (creatinine clearance less
      than 20 ml/min). A good linear correlation between the elimination rate constant
      and creatinine clearance (r = 0.79, p less than 0.01) has been found. Total
      urinary excretion in the 72 hour period after administration achieves 40.4% in
      controls, falls to 23.5% (p less than 0.05), 15.6% (p less than 0.01) and 8.2% (p
      less than 0.01) of administered dose in groups I, II and III, respectively.
      Similarly, urinary concentrations decrease in all patient groups with respect to
      controls. Our data show that effective urinary antibacterial concentrations of
      norfloxacin after 400 mg single oral dose were obtained even in patients with
      severe renal failure. In these patients systemic accumulation after repeated dose
      administration is a probable event. Therefore, dosage adjustment is advisable in
      patients with creatinine clearance less than 20 ml/min, although it will
      inevitably cause lower urinary concentrations.

PMID- 4055163
TI  - Methionine in paracetamol tablets, a tool to reduce paracetamol toxicity.
AB  - The analgesic effect, toxicity and kinetics of oral paracetamol were compared
      with those of paracetamol + l-methionine (5:1). The analgesic effect of
      paracetamol, studied in the Randall-Selitto test in rats, was not changed by
      methionine: ED50 was 94.6 mg/kg without methionine and 94.1 mg/kg with it.
      However, methionine reduced the acute toxicity (LD50) of paracetamol by 50% (p
      less than 0.05) in non-fasted, fasted and phenobarbital-pretreated mice. In a
      randomized cross-over study in 10 human volunteers the pharmacokinetics of
      paracetamol (1,500 mg) was not affected by methionine (300 mg). The absorption of
      methionine from the combination tablets was rapid, peak concentrations occurred
      in plasma at 30 min and were 3-4 times higher than after paracetamol tablets not
      containing methionine. Methionine in products containing paracetamol should
      increase their safety and be the simplest way to reduce the high mortality in
      paracetamol overdosage.

PMID- 4055164
TI  - Regimen for the control of blood pressure and symptoms during clonidine
      withdrawal.
AB  - Abrupt withdrawal of the centrally-acting antihypertensive agent, clonidine, is
      associated with a high incidence of rebound hypertension and tachycardia, with
      symptoms of sympathetic overactivity and increased catecholamine excretion.
      Gradual clonidine withdrawal has been recommended, but does not always avoid the
      reaction. A regimen is described comprising high doses of the alpha 1
      adrenoceptor antagonist, prazosin, the cardioselective beta-blocker, atenolol,
      and chlordiazepoxide, specifically designed to counter both central and
      peripheral effects of sudden withdrawal of a central alpha 2-adrenoceptor
      agonist. This combination was completely successful in preventing the
      haemodynamic and symptomatic features of clonidine withdrawal in eight
      hypertensive patients.

PMID- 4055165
TI  - Comparison of the short-term effects of mepindolol and propranolol on splanchnic
      and systemic haemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis.
AB  - The splanchnic and systemic haemodynamic effects of mepindolol (0.6 mg, IV), a
      beta-blocker with a marked beta 2-blockade activity and propranolol (15 mg, IV)
      were studied in two groups of eight patients with portal hypertension due to
      cirrhosis. Similar decreases in the hepatic venous pressure gradient were
      observed after mepindolol and propranolol, whereas hepatic blood flow
      significantly decreased after mepindolol but did not significantly do so after
      propranolol. The decreases in cardiac output and heart rate were statistically
      significant and similar after mepindolol and propranolol. Mepindolol slightly
      decreased mean arterial pressure and propranolol slightly increased this
      pressure. Both beta-blockers significantly increased systemic vascular
      resistance. From these observations, it was not possible to demonstrate that
      mepindolol offered a beneficial effect on splanchnic haemodynamics in patients
      with portal hypertension due to cirrhosis.

PMID- 4055166
TI  - Mexiletine action on the specialized tissues of the human heart.
AB  - Electrophysiological properties of mexiletine (3 mg/kg i.v.) were studied in
      fifteen patients with various degrees of abnormalities in the specialized
      conduction system. Sinus cycle length was decreased in all patients; sinus node
      recovery time was increased in all patients, but the increment was not
      statistically significant. Atrial and atrioventricular (AV) nodal refractoriness
      were not modified. The relative refractory period of the His-Purkinje system was
      reduced in patients with normal intraventricular conduction on the surface
      electrocardiogram; no changes were noted in five patients with intraventricular
      conduction delay. In two patients, in whom AV nodal refractory period curves
      showed antegrade dual AV nodal pathways, mexiletine increased refractoriness of
      the fast pathway. This report points out that the drug is effective against
      arrhythmias sustained by a reentry mechanism, not only in the ventricles, but
      also in the AV node.

PMID- 4055167
TI  - Long-term treatment with fenfluramine in obese subjects.
AB  - The effect of fenfluramine, an anorectical drug, given for nine months to a group
      of 156 obese subjects, on body-weight and adipose mass reduction as well as on
      glucose tolerance, has been studied. Subjects were divided in four different
      groups according to various protocols of therapy: the first group took the drug
      once a day in a single 60 mg dose in the morning; the second group received the
      drug once a day in a single 40 mg dose in the morning; the third group took the
      drug divided in three equal daily doses and the last group was treated with diet
      alone. During the first three months of treatment, fenfluramine 60 mg, given both
      in a single dose in the morning and divided in three equal daily doses, combined
      with diet, produces a significant body-weight reduction in comparison with the
      group of obese subjects treated with diet alone. In the following three months,
      it was possible to document a further body weight loss in all subjects, whatever
      the group to which they were assigned. At the end of the sixth month of
      observation, only slight differences could be demonstrated among the groups as
      regards the body-weight and adipose mass decrease. In addition the results failed
      to demonstrate a statistically different weight loss when the drug as
      administered in a single dose in the morning, compared with the conventional
      treatment of three times a day. No significant improvement of glucose tolerance
      was documented. In conclusion, in long-term treatment with fenfluramine, in
      contrast with short-term studies, no direct effect of this drug on body-weight
      and adipose mass decrease was demonstrated.

PMID- 4055168
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of indoprofen in elderly patients following repeated oral
      administration.
AB  - Twenty patients suffering from osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, aged
      between 60 and 85 years, received 200 mg indoprofen tablets thrice daily for 4-7
      days. Following the last dose, plasma samples were drawn and analysed for
      indoprofen. The mean peak plasma concentration of 25.5 +/- 7.06 micrograms/ml
      indoprofen was reached after 1.25 +/- 0.71 h. The total area under the curve was
      calculated as 207.2 +/- 108.7 micrograms X h/ml. Indoprofen was eliminated with a
      mean elimination half-life of t1/2 beta = 8.29 +/- 2.93 h compared with 5.5 +/-
      0.64 h in young subjects. In elderly patients receiving indoprofen, terminal
      plasma half-lives and area under the plasma level time curves corrected for body
      weight were moderately increased compared with young subjects whereas no
      significant differences were found for Vd beta. During the dosage interval
      indoprofen levels were appreciably higher in elderly patients than in healthy
      volunteers due to higher nadir values and slower elimination half-lives, whereas
      only minor differences could be detected for peak plasma levels. The differences
      observed between young healthy volunteers and elderly patients may be explained
      by the reduction of renal function with increasing age, since creatinine
      clearance was 30-40% lower than normal values. The dose schedule for elderly
      patients over 60 years of age should therefore be adjusted to 200 mg indoprofen
      twice daily. A further reduction of the total daily dose should be considered for
      patients suffering from renal diseases associated with reduced creatinine
      clearance.

PMID- 4055169
TI  - Power of isoniazid acetylation and pigmentation; first experimental tests in the
      rabbit: comparison with clinical data.
AB  - A positive correlation has been observed clinically at the Centre Edouard Rist,
      Paris, between the degree of pigmentation and the power of isoniazid acetylation
      in so-called "caucasians". The investigation was based on a relatively small
      sample of 153 observations, but sufficient to allow a significant statistical
      analysis. Comparing the results with data published in the literature, it may be
      assumed that this relationship between the power of acetylation and pigmentation
      would be applicable to all human beings. The rabbit, having as in man a bi-modal
      distribution of the power of acetylation, was used for further research of this
      correlation in that animal. The results of this research in rabbits may be
      compared with those in man, but further studies are required in view of the
      interest of this comparison and of the possible consequences of the relationship
      of pigmentation and the degree of acetylation of isoniazid in human therapeutics.

PMID- 4055170
TI  - Load cell analysis following silastic arthroplasty of the hallux.
AB  - The first metatarsophalangeal joint was replaced by a flexible silastic hinge
      prosthesis in 33 joints of 25 patients. Most patients were pleased with the
      operation but one third had some discomfort under the second and third metatarsal
      heads. We used a computer linked load cell matrix to analyse the forces under
      these feet during normal walking. After silastic arthroplasty there was a rise of
      65% in peak load under the second and third metatarsal heads compared with that
      found in the opposite feet which had not undergone operation (P less than 0.001).
      This was associated with a fall in peak load under the hallux of 43% (P less than
      0.03) compared to normal and a less significant fall averaging 23% in the peak
      pressure experienced under the first metatarsal head. There was a rise in peak
      heel loading and a reduction in the normal pronation which occurs during the
      stance phase of walking.

PMID- 4055171
TI  - The anatomy of the dysplastic hip in cerebral palsy related to prognosis and
      treatment.
AB  - The development of dysplasia of the hip in cerebral palsy has been studied in 292
      hips in children. The rate of migration of the hip has been defined, and gave a
      very early indication of the prognosis for the dysplasia. A close relationship
      was also found between the early radiographic changes and the functional
      locomotor anatomy. By reviewing the initial radiographs the need for early
      treatment and its adaptation to the future locomotor potential of the child can
      be assessed. Treatment is usually by musculotendinous releases and is especially
      effective in early recentering of the femoral head, but this method is
      ineffective in correcting bone dysplasia, particularly acetabular obliquity,
      which starts at around the age of 30 months. It is preferable to anticipate its
      development by early tenotomies which are much better tolerated than pelvic
      osteotomy in spastic children.

PMID- 4055172
TI  - Contracture of all the intrinsic muscles in the first intermetacarpal space.
AB  - The authors have previously described four types of intrinsic contracture in the
      first intermetacarpal web space. They now report a fifth group in which all the
      muscles in the space are involved. In this condition the thumb is flexed and
      adducted, and there is also radial deviation of the index finger with
      hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal joint. These deformities are
      produced by contractures of the adductor pollicis, the flexor pollicis brevis and
      the first dorsal interosseous muscles. Three patients with this type of
      contracture are described. Operation produced an excellent result in each case,
      but it is essential to achieve complete correction. in a prospective study

PMID- 4055173
TI  - A new method of electrodiagnosis during operations on the brachial plexus and
      peripheral nerve injuries. The value of motor nerve action potentials evoked by
      trans-skull motor area stimulation.
AB  - A method is described which records efferent motor nerve action potentials
      (MNAPs), evoked by trans-skull motor area stimulation, directly from a nerve root
      or peripheral nerve fibres during operation. The records of MNAPs from the root
      show whether function of the anterior root is intact and its continuity retained.
      When recorded from the proximal stump of a divided nerve at the wrist the motor
      funiculus can be identified, enabling funicular nerve suture to be carried out
      more easily.

PMID- 4055174
TI  - Characteristics of the receptors in the isolated capsule of the hip in the cat.
AB  - The properties of the afferent fibres from the capsule of the hip joint have been
      studied in the cat in situ, in relations to joint rotation, and in an isolated
      capsule preparation which was opened and stretched directly with an actuator. In
      situ two types of afferent fibres were found, those having a full range of
      sensitivity and others having only a limited range in response to the joint
      rotation. When studied in isolated tissue the afferent fibres of the capsule were
      uniform in threshold and sensitivities, and no full range receptors were found.
      We conclude that the full range receptors which enter the articular nerve of the
      hip are spindle afferents and not capsule receptors. On the basis of these and
      previous results in animals and man the role of joint receptors in kinaesthesia
      and position sense is discussed.

PMID- 4055176
TI  - Foot deformities associated with onycho-osteodysplasia. A familial study and a
      review of associated features.
AB  - A family, of which thirteen members suffered from hereditary onycho
      osteodysplasia (HOOD), is presented. Four of the thirteen patients also had foot
      deformities, and it is postulated that this anomaly may be a true part of the
      HOOD syndrome, and not just an incidental finding.

PMID- 4055175
TI  - The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on bone cell metabolism and calvaria
      resorption in vitro, and on calcium metabolism in the live rat.
AB  - The effects of three pulsed electromagnetic fields were investigated on bone
      cells and calvaria in culture, and on calcium metabolism in the live rat. No
      significant effect was seen on: 1) the proliferation of calvaria cells in
      culture; 2) alkaline phosphatase level, lactic acid release and collagen
      synthesis by confluent calvaria cells, with the exception of one pulse which
      produced a small increase in the latter when expressed as DNA; 3) resorption of
      calvaria in culture; 4) intestinal absorption, urinary excretion and net balance
      of calcium, bone formation and bone resorption in the live rat.

PMID- 4055177
TI  - Changes in the pelvis after the Chiari and Salter osteotomies.
AB  - Pelvic osteotomies were simulated on a macerated female pelvis using the
      techniques of Chiari and Salter. The effect of varying amounts of medial or
      angular displacement upon the actual and radiological displacement of the
      acetabulum were then measured and compared. With the Chiari osteotomy, increasing
      medial displacement in the range 0.5-2.5 cm appeared to give a wider acetabular
      roof but at the expense of rotating the true acetabulum to face more laterally,
      thereby reducing the width of articular cartilage in the weight-bearing area from
      that present originally. However no disturbance of the symphysis was detected. In
      the Salter osteotomy it was found that the radiologically determined angle was up
      to 50% greater than the true angle. With an increasing true osteotomy angle up to
      30 degrees steady improvement in the CE angle developed, but beyond 30%
      significant lateral displacement of the acetabulum, lengthening of the leg and
      disturbance of the symphysis pubis occurred. It is concluded that the osteotomy
      opening should not exceed 30 degrees in the Salter procedure.

PMID- 4055178
TI  - [Twenty-year record of osteosynthesis of bone metastases. Analyses of 300 cases].
AB  - The authors have analysed the results of 300 operations for metastases in bone
      carried out in the last 20 years. The best results were obtained where prosthetic
      replacement was possible, and where deposits in long bones were treated by closed
      intramedullary fixation. This type of surgery gives satisfactory, comfortable
      function and should be part of a multidisciplinary approach in the management of
      patients with cancer.

PMID- 4055179
TI  - Recent observations on osteomyelitis in sickle-cell disease.
AB  - Patients with sickle-cell haemoglobinopathy are more susceptible to osteomyelitis
      than normal people. The commonest causative organism in such cases has been
      widely reported as the salmonella species. Our findings in a prospective study of
      21 consecutive patients with osteomyelitis in sickle-cell haemoglobinopathy show
      that the staphylococcus species is the most likely causative organism.

PMID- 4055180
TI  - The 1980 and 1984 U.S. elections and the New Deal. An alternative interpretation.
AB  - This article has three sections. The first discusses the hegemonic
      interpretations of the 1980 and 1984 U.S. elections that are being reproduced on
      both sides of the political spectrum and that are presented as justification of
      current federal health and social policies. This section presents evidence that
      questions those hegemonic interpretations. Section II presents an alternative
      explanation of current political realities rooted in the class practices of the
      current federal administration and the Republican Party and in the abandonment by
      the opposition party--the Democratic Party--of the class practices of the New
      Deal. It discusses the reasons for that situation and analyzes its consequence
      for social policy. Section III presents evidence that questions the ideological
      arguments that are put forward by the Right (and are uncritically accepted by
      large sectors of the Left) and that sustain current federal economic and social
      policies. This section concludes with a discussion of alternative policies,
      stressing the need to rediscover class practices and its implication in health
      and social policy.

PMID- 4055181
TI  - Profit and health care: trends in corporatization and proprietization.
AB  - Throughout this century, profit has been an underlying motor force for health
      sector developments. However, as the concentration and centralization of health
      care delivery has proceeded in the United States, the pursuit of profit has
      become central. Even before the Reagan policy redirections raised "marketplace
      efficiency" as the supreme determinant of how the population's health needs are
      to be (or actually will not be) met, the rise of the nationwide proprietary
      hospital conglomerates over the last 15 years signified a new organization form.
      No longer camouflaged under an out-moded "not-for-profit" designation, the
      delivery of health care is now officially to be a "business" run for economic
      gain. Corporatization and proprietization trends have unmasked that profit
      regulates which people in which social groups get care. This article focuses upon
      developments which people in which social groups get care. This article focuses
      upon developments leading toward this monopolization within health services
      delivery. Specific attention is given to historical tendencies that have set the
      stage for its extension under conditions of a continuing general economic crisis,
      conservative health policy redirections, and rapid industrialization of the
      health sector. Scientific and technological advances have reshaped professional
      roles and relationships, and increased bureaucratization of provider
      organizations. Coinciding with these are major actions by the corporate class in
      health policy and planning, and an impending demographic shift where aging
      population cohorts give rise to expanding "markets" of middle-class patients for
      proprietary health care firms.

PMID- 4055182
TI  - Physicians' acceptance of an alternative to fee-for-service payment: a possible
      source of change in Quebec medicine.
AB  - This article reports on a survey conducted on a sample of Quebec physicians at
      the end of 1981. The objective of the study was to assess the acceptance by
      physicians of a possible change in their current mode of remuneration and to
      identify the consequences of such a change on the physicians' practice and on the
      attainment of broader health care objectives. The results presented in this
      article seem to indicate that neither the present fee-for-service mode of payment
      nor a change to time-based remuneration can reconcile both professional and
      broader health care objectives. Implications of these findings for health
      policies are discussed.

PMID- 4055183
TI  - 1984 update on the world economic crisis and the children: a United States case
      study.
AB  - A previously published report by these authors on the impact in the United States
      of recession on children's health emphasized four points: available monitoring
      systems are not adequate for reporting on the health of children in a timely
      fashion; the monitoring of maternal and child health must emphasize data on
      population subgroups, i.e., minorities, the poor and those hardest hit by
      recession; the health of poor children is adversely affected and their numbers
      dramatically increased during the recession of 1981-82; and comparisons between
      the recession of 1974-75 and that of 1981-82 suggest that expansion of health
      services and social support systems during the recession of 1974-75 had a
      cushioning effect that protected the health of children, while the curtailment of
      many of these programs during the 1981-82 recession is associated with adverse
      health trends, especially among the most vulnerable population subgroups. Data on
      these issues are appreciably better now than they were nine months ago, thus
      further validating the points made above. As with the previous report, officially
      released current data are abundant for economic indicators (even for early 1984),
      but are sparse for health status indicators. The previous report also observed
      that the health status of children is influenced by interdependent and
      interlocking factors that include economic well-being and access to health
      services and social supports. A new analysis attempts to unlock those
      relationships and measure the impact of lost welfare benefits, implemented as a
      result of the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1981 (OBRA), and the separate impact
      of the serious recession of 1981-82. That analysis shows the poverty rate for
      children increased by 7.6 percentage points between 1981 and 1982. Approximately
      60 percent of the increase is attributable to the recession and 40 percent to
      social policy changes effected after 1981.

PMID- 4055184
TI  - Two models for change in the health services in Zimbabwe.
AB  - The health situation in pre-Independence Zimbabwe was much as elsewhere in the
      Third World. While the majority suffered excess mortality and morbidity, the
      affluent enjoyed a health status similar to that of the populations of developed
      countries. The health services also showed the familiar pattern, with expenditure
      concentrated on sophisticated facilities in the towns, leaving the rural majority
      with practically no services at all. With the coming of Majority Rule, the
      previous pattern of controlling access to facilities on the basis of race could
      not continue. Two broad routes forward were defined. On the one hand, the private
      doctors, the private insurance companies, and the settler state proposed a model
      based on improving urban facilities, depending on a trickle-down to eventually
      answer the needs of the rural people. On the other hand, the post-Independence
      Ministry of Health advocated a policy of concentrating on developing services in
      the rural areas. The pattern of the future health service will depend on the
      capacity of the senior health planners and on the enthusiasm of front-line health
      workers but, of overriding importance will be the political commitment to answer
      the needs of the majority and the outcome of the inevitable struggle for access
      to scarce health sector resources.

PMID- 4055185
TI  - Health care for some: a Nigerian study of who gets what, where and why?
AB  - The persistent underdevelopment of health in the Third World belies the optimism
      of the "Health care for all by the year 2000" campaign. In order to understand
      the underdevelopment of health, it is essential to examine the historical
      evolution of specific health systems. These ideas are developed in a case study
      of health care in Kano State, Nigeria. The nature and contemporary development of
      the health care system, which includes state voluntary agency and private sector
      outlets for Western scientific medicine and a large and varied traditional
      medicine sector, are examined. Although the deepening health care crisis may
      potentially spur a reconsideration of priorities and strategies, past experience
      suggests that a stubborn retention of a pared-down and increasingly unjust
      version of the present system is more likely.

PMID- 4055186
TI  - Apartheid as a public mental health issue.
AB  - The most serious hazard to the physical and mental health of the majority rural
      poor black population in South Africa is caused by the ruling wealthy white
      minority's policy of apartheid. Forced removals and dumping of millions of people
      into small, disconnected, barren, poor reserve areas, bereft of adequate medical,
      psychiatric and public health services (the 'final solution' of the 'native
      problem') causes widespread malnutrition, infectious and other diseases, and high
      mortality and mental-illness rates. Blacks and progressive whites are banned,
      terrorized, detained without trial, tortured, and murdered by the state; the
      Africans are not only disfranchised but are now also being denationalized and
      deprived of their ancient birthright to this richly-endowed part of Africa.
      Acceptance of this modern version of Naziism by the World Psychiatric Association
      and the World Medical Association, in the face of adequate information provided
      by the United Nations, its agency the World Health Organization, the American
      Psychiatric Association, and numerous other agencies and reports, needs urgent
      examination and decisive action.

PMID- 4055187
TI  - Debate on popular opinion and U.S. health policy: are Americans schizophrenic?

PMID- 4055188
TI  - Energy expenditure during front crawl swimming: predicting success in middle
      distance events.
AB  - Male (n = 25) and female (n = 14) competitive swimmers were studied during
      tethered (breaststroke) and free (front crawl) swimming to determine the validity
      of calculating exercise oxygen uptake (VO2) from expired gas samples taken
      immediately after the activity. Based on a single 20-s recovery VO2, the
      swimmers' VO2 max was correlated with performance in a 400-yd (365.8-m) front
      crawl swim. The best predictors of VO2 max for trained swimmers were lean body
      weight and stroke index (r = 0.97). The single best predictor of performance in
      the 365.8-m front crawl swim was the distance per stroke (r = 0.88), whereas the
      combination of distance per stroke and VO2 max (ml/kg LBW/min) correlated 0.97
      with performance in the swim. This study demonstrates that it is possible to
      accurately determine the VO2 during maximal and submaximal swimming using a
      single, 20-s expired gas collection taken immediately after a 4-7 min swim. These
      findings demonstrate the importance of stroke technique on the energy cost and
      variations in performance during competitive swimming.

PMID- 4055189
TI  - Enlargement of the right heart in the endurance athlete: a two-dimensional
      echocardiographic study.
AB  - M-mode echocardiographic studies of endurance-trained athletes have provided
      conflicting data for right ventricular (RV) dimensions and no data for right
      atrial (RA) size. Since two-dimensional echocardiography provides a more accurate
      measurement of the RV and RA, it was employed together with M-mode
      echocardiography to evaluate 12 male endurance athletes and 12 sedentary controls
      matched for body size and age. All subjects were screened by history, physical
      examination, ECG, and maximal exercise testing. RV and RA areas were planimetered
      in the apical four-chamber view while displaying maximal chamber sizes. Athletes
      had significantly greater left ventricular (LV) wall thickness (P less than
      0.01), LV area (P less than 0.001), and left atrial (LA) area (P less than 0.01).
      They also had greater RV area (P less than 0.01), RV wall thickness (P less than
      or equal to 0.05), and RA area (P less than or equal to 0.01). Maintained
      proportionality of the cardiac chamber dimensions in the athletes was shown by
      similar ratios of right-to-left ventricular areas, right-to-left atrial areas,
      and right-to-left ventricular wall thicknesses in both groups. The symmetry of
      the greater athlete's heart differs from most pathological conditions which have
      heterogeneous effects on specific cardiac chambers.

PMID- 4055190
TI  - Adipose tissue lipid accumulation pathways in marathon runners.
AB  - Eighteen male marathon runners (mean marathon performance: 2 h 36 min, SD = 7.0
      min; VO2 max = 64.1 +/- 15.1 ml/kg . min-1) were submitted to a needle biopsy in
      the suprailiac region and to various measurements of body fatness: percent body
      fat (% fat), seven skinfold thicknesses, and mean fat cell diameter. Basal and
      insulin-stimulated glucose conversion into triglycerides were measured in
      collagenase-isolated fat cells, while heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase
      activity (LPLa) was determined in intact adipose tissue. All body fatness
      indicators were significantly smaller in marathon runners in comparison to a
      sedentary control group (P less than 0.001). Fat cell basal and insulin
      stimulated glucose conversion into triglycerides as well as LPLa were
      significantly higher for the runners group (P less than 0.01), differences being
      particularly important when comparisons were performed between subjects paired
      for mean fat cell diameter. Pearson interclass correlations between body fatness
      and fat cell glucose incorporation into triglycerides were low and positive for
      the sedentary group (0.04 less than or equal to r less than or equal to 0.41),
      while they were negative for the marathon runners groups (-0.28 less than or
      equal to r less than or equal to -0.40) with the exception of % fat. Moreover,
      correlations between LPLa and indicators of body fatness were positive in the
      sedentary group (0.47 less than or equal to r less than or equal to 0.79), while
      they were negative in the marathon runners group (-0.03 less than or equal to r
      less than or equal to -0.63).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4055191
TI  - Skiing injuries in children: lower leg fractures.
AB  - A study was made of 113 children who sustained a lower leg fracture during
      downhill skiing. The age distribution showed a peak between 4 and 7 years in both
      sexes, and boys had another peak in their teens. Three of four patients were
      beginners. To a large extent, they had had their bindings adjusted in ski shops.
      Three of four bindings did not release at the time of the accident. Spiral
      fractures in the shaft or distal metaphysis of the tibia predominated (73%); the
      incidence of concomitant fibular fracture was low. The degree of malalignment was
      generally small. The results of treatment, which was generally conservative, were
      good, 7% of the patients having minor sequelae 1-3 years after the accident. To
      reduce the risks in children's downhill skiing, the following measures seem
      important: intensified training during the beginner stage; increased supervision
      by parents and in ski schools; development of children's release bindings and
      testing methods; and adequate instruction of personnel in ski shops.

PMID- 4055192
TI  - Ski injuries in 1976-1982: Ybrig region, Switzerland.
AB  - An analysis is presented of 1763 consecutive injuries that occurred in the Ybrig
      region in Switzerland, a ski resort, during the 1976-1982 ski seasons. The study
      included all persons injured while skiing and treated at the emergency care
      facility at the base of the Ybrig region. Fractures were the most frequent
      injury. Over the years, a decrease in the total number of injuries was noticed.
      The severity of the injuries was increased. More attention should be paid to the
      individual preparation of the skier.

PMID- 4055193
TI  - Metabolic effects of physical training in subjects with oral glucose intolerance.
AB  - A group of normal weight subjects with oral glucose intolerance was studied for 4
      months before, during, and after a physical training program (8 km/day/run).
      There were no significant differences in weight, basal blood glucose, lactate,
      and total cholesterol during and after training as compared with before training.
      Serum triglycerides significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased during the
      training period, and cholesterol-HDL significantly (P less than 0.01) increased
      during and after the physical program. Our data show that in previously inactive
      subjects with oral glucose intolerance physical training improves serum lipid
      patterns and thereby reduces atherosclerotic risk.

PMID- 4055194
TI  - The diagnosis and treatment of tinea capitis due to Trichophyton tonsurans.

PMID- 4055195
TI  - A speculation on connective tissue-activating peptides in the psoriasiform
      reaction.

PMID- 4055196
TI  - Autoantibodies in dermatomyositis and polymyositis.

PMID- 4055197
TI  - Topical corticosteroids.

PMID- 4055198
TI  - Bazex syndrome. Follicular atrophoderma and basal cell epitheliomas.
AB  - A dominant inheritance leading to development of nevoid basal cell epitheliomas
      on the face and follicular atrophoderma on the extremities constitute the two
      constant manifestations of Bazex syndrome. A patient with both manifestations on
      the trunk who fulfilled all the criteria for a diagnosis of nevoid basal cell
      epitheliomas is described. Histopathology of the basal cell cancer corresponded
      to that of the fibroepithelial tumor, thus differing from the more common nodular
      and trichoepitheliomatous presentations. Difficulty in associating the
      atrophoderma with a hair follicle (histologically) arises because the latter
      ceases to exist as a functional unit.

PMID- 4055199
TI  - Dermatomyositis and cancer in Singapore.
AB  - Of 12 patients with adult dermatomyositis studied, 5 (41%) had associated
      malignancies, of which 3 were nasopharyngeal carcinomas. The youngest was a 23
      year-old woman. In view of the high incidence of cancer and the predominance of
      nasopharyngeal carcinoma, malignancy evaluation in Chinese patients from the Far
      East, 20 years of age or older with dermatomyositis should have extended workups
      for postnasal cancer. Two patients who had positive antinuclear not have
      associated cancers. Three patients died of acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4055200
TI  - Sarcoidosis with severe extensive skin ulceration. A case report.

PMID- 4055202
TI  - Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome.

PMID- 4055201
TI  - Discoid lupus erythematosus. Coexistence with porphyria cutanea tarda.

PMID- 4055203
TI  - The teaching of dermatology in Canada.

PMID- 4055204
TI  - Alterations of cervical cytology and steroid contraceptive use.
AB  - The alterations of cervical cytology in 3206 'users' of steroid contraceptives
      (SC) and 2394 'non-users' (controls) have been followed by means of five surveys
      for eight years. The alterations of cervical cytology have not differed
      significantly between the two groups seven years after the first examination, but
      have differed significantly between younger and older women in both groups. The
      incidence of progression to and regression from PAP III class cytology was more
      frequent than the prevalence, but again it did not differ significantly between
      users of SC and controls. In pairs of SC users and controls, matched by year of
      birth and presence of PAP III cytology, the users differed significantly from
      controls in the frequency of pregnancy, abortion and the circumcision of their
      husbands. The highly prevalent risk factor common to both groups was vaginal
      infection, including Trichomonas vaginalis. In conclusion the author offers some
      comments and raises questions and speculations based on the findings of this
      study about the nature of alterations of cervical cytology.

PMID- 4055205
TI  - Type of occupation and near-future hospitalization for myocardial infarction and
      some other diagnoses.
AB  - Using three different registers a cohort study was undertaken to describe the
      relationship between type of occupation and hospitalization. A total of 958 096
      subjects aged 20-64 years were followed-up for one year regarding inpatient care.
      Several significant associations between type of occupation and incidence of
      hospitalization for different diagnoses were observed. Male subjects employed in
      occupations where a high proportion reported a combination of hectic work and few
      possibilities to learn new things were more frequently hospitalized for
      myocardial infarction than other working men. The relative 'hospitalization'
      ratio for men 20-54 years of age in these strenuous occupations was estimated as
      1.6 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.3-1.9. For women, the relative
      'hospitalization' ratio in the ages 20-64 in occupations where a high proportion
      reported a combination of hectic and monotonous work was estimated as 1.6 with a
      95% confidence interval of 1.1-2.3. Both these associations were statistically
      significant even after controlling for 12 possible confounding factors.

PMID- 4055206
TI  - Evaluation of general practitioners' use of a smoking intervention programme.
AB  - A study was made of a smoking cessation programme in a four-man general practice
      to determine the efficacy of general practitioner counselling and follow-up. In
      the treatment group 33% of patients became abstainers at six months compared with
      3% in the control group. Self-reports of smoking status were verified by blood
      tests. Patients were more successful if they attended the first three visits
      compared with those who did not fully attend (48%: 6%). Continuing smokers had
      significantly higher blood concentrations of cotinine, thiocyanate and
      carboxyhaemoglobin per cigarette smoked at six months than at entry, despite a
      30% decrease in stated cigarette consumption. This suggests that when smokers
      reduce the number of cigarettes smoked they compensate by increased inhalation.
      If general practitioners in Australia widely used the intervention programme with
      similar success this could have a major impact on the smoking habits of the three
      million smokers in Australia between 16 and 65 years of age. The total cost of
      the visits is a fraction of the medical treatment for a cigarette-related
      disease.

PMID- 4055207
TI  - Exposure to cigarette smoking and children's growth.
AB  - An analysis of data from 5903 children from a study of primary schools in England
      and Scotland in 1982 showed that the number of cigarettes smoked by the parents
      at home was significantly associated with the attained height of their children.
      This relation was statistically significant after allowing for parents' height,
      child's birthweight, mother's smoking during pregnancy, overcrowding and number
      of older siblings. Number of cigarettes smoked at home was more strongly related
      to height than number of cigarettes smoked by the mother during pregnancy. The
      results suggest that passive smoking may have an effect on the height of a child
      independent of genetic factors, the social environment and mother's smoking in
      pregnancy. Whether this is a direct effect of parents' smoking on the child's
      growth remains unclear.

PMID- 4055208
TI  - Further correlates of problem drinking in Northern Ireland from a population
      study.
AB  - Information relating to drinking patterns was obtained by interviewing 3755
      individuals comprising 85.5% of a stratified random sample of Northern Ireland
      electors. The prevalence of problem drinking (defined according to pre-determined
      criteria) was studied in relation to 11 selected socio-demographic factors. Using
      a multifactor statistical method which differed from that employed in earlier
      reports it was found that separate prevalence models were required for males and
      females. Male prevalence was found to depend (in rank order of importance) on
      age, social class, area of residence and religious denomination. Although very
      few (0.5%) women were classed as problem drinkers, the evidence available
      suggests that their prevalence pattern is quantitatively and qualitatively
      different from that observed in males.

PMID- 4055210
TI  - Proportionate mortality among male corn wet-milling workers.
AB  - Workers in the corn wet-milling industry are exposed to grain dusts, pesticides
      and fumigants, acids, solvents, sulphur dioxide, and other chemicals used in the
      manufacture of starch, oil, syrup, and dextrins. In a preliminary investigation
      of the long-term health effects of occupational exposures in this industry,
      deaths among active and retired corn wet-milling workers were identified from
      records of a trade union. Underlying cause of death for workers who died between
      1947 and 1981 was determined from death certificates. Cause-specific
      Proportionate Mortality Ratios (PMR's) were computed for white and black males
      using US males as a comparison with adjustments for age, race, and calendar year
      of death. There were deficits of deaths from respiratory and digestive diseases.
      Among whites, mortality from chronic nephritis, bladder cancer, and lymphatic and
      haematopoietic malignancies was elevated. There was an elevated frequency of
      deaths due to diabetes and a threefold excess of pancreatic cancer deaths among
      blacks. Crude work history information indicated a small cluster of pancreatic
      cancer deaths among whites and blacks who had worked in production processes that
      convert corn starch to syrup and dextrins. An elevated frequency of deaths from
      leukaemia was seen among white maintenance workers.

PMID- 4055209
TI  - Factors affecting blood lead concentrations in the UK: results of the EEC blood
      lead surveys, 1979-1981.
AB  - Surveys of blood lead concentrations carried out in the UK under the EEC
      screening programme for lead covered 8500 people. Blood lead analyses were
      subject to stringent quality assurance schemes. Significant variations in blood
      lead were found with age and sex, smoking and drinking habits, social class (in
      children), age of dwelling and geographical location but not with social class in
      adults, or with ethnic origin. Blood lead concentrations in childhood exposed to
      leadworks fell in 1981 following efforts to reduce emissions and improve workers'
      hygiene. Levels in those living near major roads were not very different from
      those in the general population in the same area. The highest blood lead
      concentrations were related to plumbosolvent water; lower levels in 1981
      confirmed the effectiveness of remedial water treatment. Broadly similar effects
      of personal, social and environmental factors on blood lead have been found in
      other major studies. The findings that several geographical, environmental and
      personal factors were significantly related to the blood lead concentrations of
      children and adults have implications for all studies of blood lead
      concentrations in the general population.

PMID- 4055211
TI  - Fatal heat-related illness in naval cadets in Ecuador.
AB  - On 13 April 1982, after a 6 to 7 km training run on an extremely hot and humid
      day, 20 of 216 cadets at the Ecuadorian Naval Academy in Guayaquil became ill
      with symptoms of heat-related illness. Four of them suffered heat stroke, and
      three died. Illness was most highly associated with the amount of exercise
      performed that day but was significantly more common in first-year cadets than in
      older cadets. There were no differences in the anthropometric measurements of ill
      and well subjects. We conclude that heat-related illness can affect conditioned
      military personnel during routine training in severe weather and make
      recommendations for prevention.

PMID- 4055212
TI  - Problems and proposals for interview data in epidemiological research.
AB  - We assessed the reliability of epidemiological data obtained by interview of 120
      patients in a case-control study. The collected data, which were obtained by
      interview on two separate occasions, included such clinical and pharmaceutical
      features as history of lactation, hysterectomy, diabetes, type of menopause, and
      whether a woman had ever used exogenous oestrogens. Although we found generally
      high rates of agreement between interviews, errors in collecting and classifying
      data did occur, and were especially common for complicated clinical events, such
      as whether an oophorectomy accompanied the surgical removal of the uterus.
      Patients were also likely to disagree with previous responses when asked to
      recall a drug exposure occurring many years before. We identified seven sources
      of this variability, five in collecting the data, and two in coding. As a result
      of these findings, strategies are proposed for improving the quality of interview
      data obtained in epidemiological research.

PMID- 4055213
TI  - Comparison of the conical cuff and the standard rectangular cuffs.
AB  - In this study the applicability of the conical cuff in the measurement of
      arterial blood pressure in the general population was investigated. A wide range
      of arm circumferences was used for non-invasive comparative measurements of
      brachial artery pressures, using the standard rectangular sphygmomanometer cuffs
      and a recently developed conical cuff. In previous studies the conical cuff
      proved to reflect arterial blood pressure more accurately in obese patients than
      the standard rectangular cuffs. With the conical cuff lower systolic and
      diastolic pressure readings were obtained than with the rectangular cuffs and
      this proved to be independent of arm circumference. The lower pressure results in
      obese individuals were probably related to the fact that the conical cuff
      generally was found to fit better on larger upper arms than the large rectangular
      cuff. We conclude that in all likelihood blood pressure is more accurately
      measured in obese people with the use of a conical cuff and therefore warrants
      further investigation.

PMID- 4055214
TI  - A computer simulation of the EPI survey strategy.
AB  - A Monte Carlo simulation study was designed to evaluate the sample survey
      technique currently used by the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) of the
      World Health Organization. Of particular interest was how the EPI strategy
      compared to a more traditional sampling strategy with respect to bias and
      variability of estimates. It was also of interest to investigate whether the
      estimates of population vaccination coverage were accurate to within 10
      percentage points of the actual levels. It was found that within particular
      clusters, the EPI method was particularly sensitive to pocketing of vaccinated
      individuals, but the more traditional method gave more accurate and less variable
      results under a variety of conditions. However, the stated goal of the EPI, of
      being able to produce population estimates accurate to within 10 percentage
      points of the true levels in the population, was satisfied in the artificially
      created populations studied.

PMID- 4055215
TI  - New seasonal distribution in English and Welsh births.

PMID- 4055216
TI  - Blood pressure change and risk of heart disease: some additional evidence.

PMID- 4055217
TI  - Caffeine consumption and symptoms.

PMID- 4055218
TI  - Maternal mortality in developing countries.

PMID- 4055219
TI  - Nuclear morphometry in the determination of the prognosis of marked atypical
      endometrial hyperplasia.
AB  - Although only 10-20% of all cases of marked atypical hyperplasia (MAH) progress
      to cancer, usually all patients with this diagnosis are treated with
      hysterectomy. The lack of diagnostic criteria that can accurately predict the
      outcome of the disease is the major cause for this overtreatment. Recently, a
      classification rule consisting of nuclear morphometric features has been
      described, which can predict the outcome in the majority of these patients. In
      the present study, this predictive classification rule is tested in 42 cases of
      MAH, obtained from a total of 2,662 curettements diagnosed as hyperplasia or
      carcinoma. Among these 42 cases, eight (17%) progressed to cancer. In the
      classification rule, the following decision scheme is used: Classification value
      F = -7.13 + 1.24 X (mean maximal nuclear diameter) -3.00 X (SD maximal nuclear
      diameter), where F less than 0 means: no progression, F greater than 0 means:
      progression. Of the eight progressive cases, seven scored above zero and one just
      below that value (i.e., F = -0.3). Although a considerable number of the
      nonprogressive cases had values above zero, 11 (32%) scored below zero. Thus, in
      this independent "test set" material the nuclear morphometric classification rule
      proved to be accurate and useful in predicting the outcome of patients with MAH
      of the endometrium. Women with a score below -0.5 can be considered for a more
      conservative ("wait and see" or hormone treatment) therapeutic approach. This can
      be especially important in young patients.

PMID- 4055220
TI  - Multifocal tumorigenesis in the upper female genital tract--implications for
      staging and management.
AB  - A review of 128 cases of "primary" ovarian mullerian carcinoma treated at the
      King George V Memorial Hospital was undertaken to determine the relative
      frequency with which such tumors were associated with evidence of multifocal
      primary neoplasia. Of the 128 cases studied, 115 were invasive carcinomas and 13
      were noninvasive or borderline ovarian tumors ("tumors of low malignant
      potential"). Eight of 10 borderline serous ovarian tumors (80%) and 37 of 75
      invasive serous carcinomas (49%) exhibited evidence of independent primary
      neoplasia at more than one anatomical site in the biopsy material available for
      review. Many of these cases represented bilateral primary ovarian tumors, but
      autochthonous extraovarian neoplasia was also commonly encountered. A single
      borderline endometrioid ovarian tumor and six of 15 endometrioid carcinomas (40%)
      were associated with biopsy-proven multifocal primary tumorigenesis. These were
      predominantly neoplasms in one or both ovaries plus adenocarcinoma in the uterine
      corpus. Other histological types of malignant common epithelial tumors of the
      ovaries did not demonstrate any such tendency, highlighting major differences in
      pathogenesis between members of this loosely associated group of ovarian cancers.
      Our study suggests that gynecological endometrioid and serous malignancies are
      commonly multifocal and we feel this has significant implications for the way
      these neoplasms are staged and therefore treated.

PMID- 4055221
TI  - Reactive spindle cell nodule of the endocervix simulating uterine sarcoma.
AB  - A case of a reparative spindle cell nodule involving the endocervix is reported.
      The nodule was present in a curetted specimen of the endocervix 2 weeks following
      an endometrial curettage that showed adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. The
      lesion was interpreted at first as a carcinosarcoma until the historical facts
      were appreciated.

PMID- 4055222
TI  - Alveolar soft part sarcoma of the vagina: an immunohistochemical and electron
      microscopic study.
AB  - Alveolar soft part sarcoma is a soft tissue neoplasm of unknown histogenesis
      which has a distinctive morphology. It is a relatively rare tumor with
      approximately 200 cases described in the literature. Only two cases have
      previously been reported as occurring in the vagina. The purpose of this paper is
      to report the third case of alveolar soft part sarcoma occurring in the vagina
      and to emphasize the role of electron microscopy in the differential diagnosis.

PMID- 4055223
TI  - Extremely well-differentiated adenocarcinoma ("adenoma malignum") of the cervix
      in a patient with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
AB  - In a 29-year-old woman with the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), an extremely well
      differentiated adenocarcinoma (adenoma malignum) of the uterine cervix was
      detected. The cervical lesion consisted of a polypoid mass, measuring 3.5 cm in
      greatest diameter, composed of extremely well differentiated tubules resembling
      those of the endocervical glands, yet containing a few Paneth cells.
      Immunohistochemical stains displayed cytoplasmic carcinoembryonic antigen in this
      tumor. The ovaries had no apparent abnormality. The diagnosis of the PJS was
      based on the presence of numerous hamartomatous polyps of the rectum and
      cutaneous pigmentation around the lips, fingers, and toes. The patient underwent
      a simple total hysterectomy and was subsequently treated with chemotherapy. In an
      11 year follow-up, there has been no recurrence of the cervical tumor and she is
      currently well. The clinicohistopathologic differences of this cervical tumor in
      patients with and without PJS are briefly discussed.

PMID- 4055224
TI  - In vivo evaluation of immunological status after biliopancreatic bypass for
      obesity.
AB  - Cell mediated immunity was evaluated in vivo by means of the Multitest system in
      subjects at least one year after biliopancreatic bypass. Quantitative delayed
      hypersensitivity values were not significantly different between control, obese
      and partial biliopancreatic bypass subjects, while they were significantly (P
      less than 0.001) reduced in subjects who had total biliopancreatic bypass. The
      results demonstrate that cell-mediated immunity is not affected by partial
      biliopancreatic bypass, but that on the contrary, a severe immunosuppression
      follows total biliopancreatic bypass. A positive correlation between serum
      albumin concentration and Multitest score was found in all the operated patients.

PMID- 4055225
TI  - Gastric by-pass surgery in morbidly obese patients markedly decreases serum
      levels of vitamins A and C and iron in the peri-operative period.
AB  - We studied changes in serum levels of carotene, vitamins A, C, B12 and folate and
      iron in the immediate perioperative period after gastric by-pass surgery in nine
      morbidly obese patients and in six patients undergoing abdominal surgery. All
      parameters were measured preoperatively and 48 h postoperatively. Marked
      decreases occurred for vitamin A (2.04 +/- 0.45 mumol/l to 0.92 +/- 0.39 mumol/l,
      P less than 0.01), vitamin C (26 +/- 11.2 mumol/l to 4.9 +/- 4.0 mumol/l, P less
      than 0.01), iron (15 +/- 5.8 mumol/l to 4 +/- 2.7 mumol/l, P less than 0.01). A
      significant change also occurred for carotene (1.7 +/- 0.42 mumol/l to 1.25 +/-
      0.48 mumol/l, P less than 0.05). No significant changes were seen for vitamins
      B12 and folate. Only changes in vitamins A and C were significantly greater in
      the morbidly obese patients compared to the control group of six patients. These
      changes likely represent redistribution of vitamins rather than enhanced urinary
      excretion.

PMID- 4055226
TI  - Alternative measurements of obesity: accuracy of body silhouettes and reported
      weights and heights in a Mexican American sample.
AB  - The assessment of obesity by anthropometry or body composition in studies of
      chronic disease epidemiology is not always feasible. In this paper we test the
      accuracy and validity of two alternative methods: body silhouettes and reported
      weights and heights in a sample of Mexican American adults (n = 166)
      participating in the Diabetes Alert Study. The body silhouettes were those
      developed by A. Stunkard and colleagues. We compared the silhouettes obtained
      independently by three different observers, one with minimal experience in
      assessing obesity, the other two skilled in anthropometry. Correlations between
      the expert observers were 0.89-0.90. Those between the expert and less skilled
      observers were lower (0.64 to 0.85) and were better for female than male
      subjects. Results suggest an acceptable level of precision for persons with some
      training in obesity assessment. Body silhouettes compared well with the body mass
      index (r = 0.85 to 0.92 for the expert vs r = 0.65 to 0.84 for the less skilled
      observer), being higher for female subjects. The body silhouettes are thus useful
      for categorizing normal, overweight and obese individuals. The poorer performance
      on male subjects may relate to the female-like obesity depicted in both sexes in
      this particular set of silhouettes. A substantial proportion of subjects could
      not recall their weight or height. For those who could recall their measurements,
      accuracy was good but measurement error higher than that for measured variables.
      These problems of recall in this sample from rural Texas point to the potential
      usefulness of the body silhouette method when actual height and weight
      measurements cannot be made.

PMID- 4055227
TI  - Food perceptions and preferences of obese adults: a multidimensional approach.
AB  - Perceptions of nutritional aspects of common foods, as rated by obese and normal
      weight subjects, were mapped using multidimensional scaling (MDS) procedures. The
      foods were rated for their perceived protein, fat and carbohydrate content,
      calories, and overall nutritional value. No differences in food perception or
      nutritional evaluation were observed among obese and normal-weight subjects.
      However, the two groups differed in their reported patterns of food preference.
      Normal-weight subjects generally reported liking foods that were also viewed as
      nutritious and low in energy content, whereas obese subjects showed more diverse
      preference profiles that were not linked to perceived nutrition. This variability
      of response suggests internal inconsistencies in attitude structure among obese
      individuals.

PMID- 4055228
TI  - Calcium and praseodymium complexes in solution. 1H n.m.r. conformational study of
      the model tetrapeptide acetyl-aspartyl-valyl-aspartyl-alanine.
AB  - The synthetic tetrapeptide acetyl-aspartyl-valyl-aspartyl-alanine (Ac-DVDA) is a
      model of the calcium binding site of proteins such as carp parvalbumin,
      thermolysin and calmodulin. 1H n.m.r. spectra of the tetrapeptide are presented
      and assigned for D2O and DMSO solutions to determine the conformational mobility.
      The resonance of the two aspartyl side chains could be completely analysed and
      the vicinal coupling (C alpha H-C beta H and NH-C alpha H) indicated that the
      free peptide has considerable conformational mobility. The Ca(II) complex
      generates a different 1H n.m.r. spectrum for the aspartyl resonances at neutral
      pH. The solution conformation of Pr(III) complex of Ac-DVDA has been investigated
      using induced chemical shifts. The observed trends in the magnitude of the shift
      ratios and the rotamer population suggest that the metal ion binds predominantly
      to both carboxylates of two aspartyl residues in a bidentate fashion. We discuss
      the consistency of the differentiated spectra for aspartyl residues in the
      complex with the stepwise binding of Ca2+ to the carrier.

PMID- 4055229
TI  - Sodium dodecyl sulfate-bovine plasma albumin complex. Structural transition from
      native to relatively compact globule forms with mobile side chains in acidic
      region--N-F transition.
AB  - The acid-induced isomerization (the N-F transition) and expansion of sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-bovine plasma albumin complex (ADm; m, molar ratio of added
      sodium dodecyl sulfate to bovine plasma albumin; O less than or equal to m less
      than or equal to 12) were studied by measuring CD-resolved secondary structure,
      fluorescence polarization and life-time of tryptophyl fluorophors, acid-titration
      with the electrostatic correction for the surface potential, 1H-n.m.r. spectra
      and cross relaxation time between irradiated and observed protons. The
      immobilization of tryptophyl fluorophors observed in the F-form of AD0 was
      suppressed in the F-form of AD10. The acidtitration analysis of AD12 showed non
      salt-bonding between carboxylate groups and cationic side chains in the F-form,
      as in the case of AD0, indicating charged side chains being presumably mobile. 1H
      n.m.r. spectra and cross relaxation times between irradiated and observed protons
      in the F-form of AD10 indicated the increase in the local motion. On the other
      hand, AD10 and AD12 did not show any significant change in the CD-resolved
      secondary structure in the N-F transition region. The F-form of AD10 or AD12 may
      therefore be the moltenglobule state which has secondary structure similar to the
      N-form of the complexes with fluctuating tertiary structure (side chains).

PMID- 4055230
TI  - Synthesis of a docosapeptide comprising the hydrophobic membrane spanning region
      of glycophorin A.
AB  - The docosapeptide which constitutes the membrane spanning region (amino acid
      residues 73-94) of the human red blood cell protein glycophorin A has been
      synthesized. This may be the first example of the synthesis of the entire
      membrane embedded domain of a membrane spanning protein. Three fully protected
      fragments were prepared by stepwise elongation using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and
      p-nitrophenyl ester activation of N alpha-tert.-butyloxycarbonyl amino acids. The
      three fragments represent amino acid residues 73-79, 80-86, and 87-94 in the
      sequence of glycophorin A and contain a large proportion of valine, leucine, and
      isoleucine residues but contain no amino acids with ionizable side chain
      functional groups. The three fragments were condensed using both the azide method
      and the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide method to give fully protected docosapeptide.
      Benzyl groups protecting the side chains of the docosapeptide were removed by
      prolonged hydrogenolysis to give the desired product N alpha-tert.
      butyloxycarbonyldocosapeptide ethyl ester. High resolution proton n.m.r. spectra
      of the protected fragments in 100% deuterochloroform showed all resonances to be
      broadened with the amide resonances broadened beyond recognition. In
      perdeuterodimethylsulfoxide all resonances were relatively sharp with all amide
      resonances visible and showing coupling constants of 7-8 Hz. Solvent titration of
      the proton spectra of two of the fragments from 100% perdeuterodimethylsulfoxide
      to 100% deuterochloroform demonstrated a transition to the broadened spectrum,
      accompanied by a decrease in the coupling constant of the amide protons (JNH-CH
      alpha) suggesting solvent dependent onset of intramolecular secondary structure,
      possibly accompanied by aggregation. A proton n.m.r. spectrum of the
      docosapeptide in perdeuterodimethylsulfoxide shows a few resolved amide
      resonances with coupling constants of 7-9 Hz. Solvent titration with
      perdeuterochloroform again suggests a transition to a rigid intramolecular
      secondary structure.

PMID- 4055231
TI  - Improved approach for anchoring N alpha-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonylamino acids
      as p-alkoxybenzyl esters in solid-phase peptide synthesis.
AB  - Several Fmoc-amino acids have been esterified by use of N,N-dimethylformamide
      dineopentyl acetal to 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl 3'-(4''-hydroxymethyl
      phenoxy)propionate, and the resultant handle derivatives were purified and then
      quantitatively coupled onto aminomethyl supports. Compared to literature
      methodology, the present procedure is preferred because: (i) extra steps to
      selectively protect and liberate the carboxyl of the handle are circumvented; and
      (ii) the additional methylene group spacer reflecting substitution of a propionyl
      group for an acetyl group in the handle changes the electronic parameters of the
      resultant p-alkoxybenzyl ester sufficiently so that the rates of acidolytic
      cleavage of the anchoring linkage are 2- to 3-fold increased and useful
      improvements in yields can be achieved.

PMID- 4055232
TI  - Conformational preferences of cyclopropyl peptides. Crystal structure of (E)-DL-1
      benzamido-1-methoxycarbonyl-2-chlorcyclopropane (BCP).
AB  - Crystal structure analysis of (E)-DL-1-benzamido-1-methoxycarbonyl-2
      chlorocyclopropane (C12H12NO3Cl) is reported. The phi' (about N1-C1 bond) and
      psi' (about C1-C11 bond) torsional angles for this compound are -62.5 degrees and
      -33.0 degrees, respectively, and are close to the phi, psi values of the 3(10)
      helix and the alpha-helix. Semi-empirical potential energy calculations are
      performed on a cyclopropyl dipeptide which is a special case of alpha,alpha
      disubstituted dipeptide where the alpha-carbon and the two substituent carbon
      atoms form a 3-membered ring. Our calculations show that different types of
      helics: alpha-, gamma-, pi-, omega-, 3(10-) and delta-helices, are energetically
      favorable. Another interesting possibility is the formation of a cyclic
      pentapeptide with five-fold symmetry. The effect of substitutions on C beta atom
      are also studied with the help of potential energy maps. Selective substitutions
      on C beta atom may be used effectively to restrict either phi or psi values into
      a very narrow range.

PMID- 4055233
TI  - Equilibrium and kinetic study of sodium- and potassium-induced conformational
      changes of apo-alpha-lactalbumin.
AB  - Equilibrium and kinetics of Na+-and K+-induced conformational changes of apo
      alpha-lactalbumin were studied by means of circular dichroism. While apo-alpha
      lactalbumin was considerably unfolded in the absence of Na+ or K+ in 20 mM Tris
      at pH 8.0 and 25 degrees, both the monovalent cations restored the tertiary
      structure of the protein. Apparent binding constants of Na+ and K+ to the
      apoprotein were estimated from the equilibria of the Na+- and K+-induced
      conformational changes. Based on kinetic data of the conformational changes
      induced by the monovalent cations, binding mechanism of the ions to the apo
      protein was examined. Bound alkali-metal ions stabilize the native-like state and
      an activated state in the unfolding-refolding reaction of the apoprotein.

PMID- 4055234
TI  - Solid phase synthesis of gastrin I. Comparison of methods utilizing strong acid
      for deprotection and cleavage.
AB  - A successful synthesis of human gastrin I in 60% overall yield based on the first
      residue attached to a benzhydrylamine-resin was achieved by the stepwise
      solidphase method. The synthesis was carried out on a 1% crosslinked polystyrene
      support, using conventional benzyl-based side chain protecting groups and final
      deprotection with different acidic protocols. Several improvements in this
      general approach were applied, including new scavengers, new resin attachment and
      especially a new technique that allows the strong acid reactions to occur by an
      SN2 mechanism.

PMID- 4055235
TI  - Preparation of photoreactive derivatives of trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitors from
      soybeans and chick peas by selective modification of lysine residues.
AB  - Photoreactive derivatives of the Bowman-Birk trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitor (BBI)
      from soybeans and of CI, the trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitor from chick peas, were
      prepared by selective modification of the epsilon-amino groups of lysine residues
      with 2-nitro-4(5)-azidophenylsulfenyl chlorides (2,4(5)-NAPS-C1). The ultraviolet
      absorption spectra of the photolabeled inhibitors indicated that three out of the
      five lysines of BBI and one of the seven lysines of CI were modified. The
      inhibitory activity of the modified inhibitors towards trypsin and chymotrypsin
      was not reduced even after photolysis. The specific lysine residues that
      constitute the trypsin-inhibitory sites of BBI and CI did not react with the
      photoreactive reagents. Further modification of the photoreactive derivatives of
      BBI and CI with maleic anhydride, directed towards the trypsin-reactive sites,
      resulted in almost complete loss of the trypsin-inhibiting activity without
      reducing the ability to inhibit chymotrypsin. A pronounced potentiation effect
      (approximately 2x) of the chymotrypsin inhibiting activity was noted for 2,5-NAPS
      CI and it was retained even after maleylation followed by photolysis, raising the
      possibility of exposure of an additional chymotrypsin inhibitory site in CI.

PMID- 4055236
TI  - Henoch-Schonlein nephritis in children--a clinicopathological study.
AB  - 36 children with Henoch-Schonlein nephritis had their renal biopsy specimens
      studied by light and electron microscopic and immunofluorescence antibody
      techniques. Though no pathognomic changes were found the histological picture was
      characteristic. The severity of histological changes correlated well with the
      clinical manifestation and disease persistence. IMF studies showed characteristic
      mesangial IgA staining. The most prominent ultrastructural feature was segmental
      mesangial and subendothelial deposits with basement membrane changes. The amount
      of deposits was a good exponent of disease activity-children with few deposits
      recovering shortly. In spite of long duration, the outcome after an average 4
      year follow-up was good, the majority of children having improved and renal
      insufficiency developing rarely. Renal biopsy is essential for an estimation of
      severity of renal disease and enables prognosis of disease persistence and long
      term outlook.

PMID- 4055237
TI  - Effect of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with nephrotic
      syndrome on uptake of 35sulfate by glomerular basement membrane.
AB  - We have studied the effect of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from
      nephrotic patients on the incorporation of 35Sulfate in rat glomerular basement
      membrane. 35Sulfate uptake increased when glomeruli were incubated with PBMC from
      10 patients with idiopathic minimal lesion nephrotic syndrome (IMLNS) in relapse
      compared to simultaneous assays on 5 controls (2295 +/- 643 cpm/mg dry glomerular
      weight, mean +/- SEM, and 962 +/- 248 cpm/mg, respectively) (P less than 0.02).
      35Sulfate incorporation did not increase when glomeruli were incubated with PBMC
      from seven nephrotic patients with other glomerulopathies (1283 +/- 642 cpm/mg)
      as compared to controls (1016 +/- 503 cpm/mg). No significant differences in
      35Sulfate uptake were seen between glomerular cultures with and without control
      PBMC. These data show that PBMC from patients with IMLNS in relapse alter, at
      least in the rat GBM, the metabolism of sulfated compounds. Since these compounds
      have a role in glomerular permeability, this finding may have pathogenic
      significance.

PMID- 4055238
TI  - Excretion of urinary amino acids in children with postural proteinuria.
AB  - The urinary excretion of free amino acids was studied in urine specimens from 12
      subjects with postural proteinuria in recumbent posture and after a period of
      upright lordotic posture. The lordotic posture produced an increased urinary
      excretion of total amino acid and 12 amino acids, particularly of taurine,
      glutamic acid, a-amino adipic acid, valine, leucine, ethanolamine and arginine.
      However, 90 min after the lordotic posture, all amino acids returned to the
      initial values. Although, many factors must be considered in the evaluation of
      the urinary excretion of amino acids, an increased urinary excretion of amino
      acids occurring after the lordotic posture may be the result of reabsorption
      disturbance of the renal tubules.

PMID- 4055239
TI  - Dramatic response to corticosteroid therapy of nephrotic syndrome associated with
      IgA nephropathy.
AB  - We report a dramatic response of the nephrotic syndrome to prednisolone therapy
      (2 mg per kg per day) in a 6-year-old boy with IgA nephropathy. He had developed
      massive proteinuria (22.1 gm per day) and microscopic hematuria shortly after an
      episode of tonsillitis. Renal biopsy two months after onset showed mild mesangial
      hypercellularity with typical mesangial deposition of IgA. Corticosteroid therapy
      resulted in a sharp cessation of proteinuria and complete resolution of the
      urinary abnormalities. We suggest that massive proteinuria associated with IgA
      nephropathy may be responsive to corticosteroid therapy when there are minimal
      glomerular changes.

PMID- 4055241
TI  - Tuberculosis of the liver in end stage renal disease under treatment with
      hemodialysis.
AB  - We present a patient with end stage renal disease treated with hemodialysis, who
      developed prolonged fever and hepatomegaly. A laparotomy and culture of liver
      microabscesses led to the diagnosis of tuberculosis of the liver. A complete
      clinical response was achieved with a course of isoniazid and rifampin.

PMID- 4055240
TI  - Acute renal failure related to acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose without
      fulminant hepatic disease.
AB  - Acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdosing occurring in a girl in whom hepatic damage
      was relatively mild, resulted in acute renal failure necessitating dialysis.

PMID- 4055242
TI  - The attribution of affect in pain clinic patients: a psychophysiological study of
      the conversion process.
AB  - In a study to examine the relationship between the conversion process and
      physiological correlates of emotional arousal, three key elements of conversion
      were assessed separately in patients experiencing chronic pain for which no
      adequate somatic cause could be demonstrated. Thirty-seven patients referred to a
      pain clinic were categorized as members of either high, intermediate, or low
      conversion groups on the basis of their scores on the Disease Conviction,
      Affective Disturbance and Denial scales of the Illness Behaviour Questionnaire
      (IBQ). All patients scored in the high range on Disease Conviction. High
      conversion patients acknowledge little dysphoric affect and denied life problems
      apart from physical illness. Intermediate conversion patients also denied life
      problems other than somatic, but acknowledged high levels of dysphoria. Low
      conversion patients reported dysphoria and acknowledged life problems which they
      did not attribute to physical illness. The prediction that the high conversion
      group would show lower levels of resting skin conductance than the low conversion
      group was confirmed. Patients in the intermediate conversion group resembled
      those in the high conversion group in that their resting skin conductance was
      significantly lower than that observed in members of the low conversion group.
      These findings are consistent with those of previous studies of conversion
      disorders. They point to the importance in these conditions of the interaction
      between dysphoria and the cause to which it is attributed by the patient.

PMID- 4055244
TI  - Management of refusal of medical treatment.
AB  - As patients increasingly refuse medical and surgical treatment, the physician's
      response to this challenge to the healing-helping role is often extremely
      negative. Even though refusal may be felt by the patient as the only way to
      regain a measure of autonomy or control, such a response may have more to do with
      characteristic coping styles or interpersonal battles with the physician, staff,
      or family than with the treatment itself. Since management hinges on
      understanding the intrapersonal and interpersonal factors which contribute, it is
      essential to explore the meaning of the refusal. With reduction of the
      adversarial stance, the patient frequently regains enough sense of self to engage
      in a mutually cooperative effort. Even if the refusal stands, with understanding,
      the physician may be able to accept the patient's choice, and extrusion from the
      system upon which the patient is still dependent is avoided.

PMID- 4055243
TI  - Positive emotional states and enhancement of the immune system.
AB  - Salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration increased significantly after
      subjects viewed a humorous videotape and did not change significantly after they
      viewed a didactic videotape. Scores on a questionnaire measuring the perceived
      use of humor as a coping skill were positively related to initial IgA
      concentration and inversely related to changes in IgA concentration after
      subjects' viewing of the humorous videotape, which implies a ceiling effect.
      Enhancement of the immune system may be one link between anecdotal claims of
      relationships between an individual's being in a positive emotional state and
      healing.

PMID- 4055245
TI  - Drug abuse and bipolar disorders.
AB  - Abuse of multiple substances can coexist in many patients who present with
      symptoms indistinguishable from any Bipolar Disorder. Failure to recognize and
      treat this coexistent substance abuse may preclude the proper management of the
      bipolar disorder.

PMID- 4055246
TI  - Enhanced interpretation of nonverbal cues in male cocaine abusers.
AB  - Chronic alcoholics have been known to possess increased ability to interpret
      nonverbal facial cues. This has been hypothesized to account for the high rate of
      alcohol recidivism. Since cocainism is also associated with a high rate of
      recidivism, the authors examined nonverbal reception in twenty-five cocaine
      abusers and in an equal number of matched controls. All subjects were asked to
      view videotapes of individuals gambling and to determine, solely on the basis of
      facial cues, the size of the jackpot at risk during a specific trial. The cocaine
      abusers were found to be more accurate at interpreting nonverbal cues. Possible
      reasons for this finding are discussed.

PMID- 4055247
TI  - A Global Assessment of Recent Stress (GARS) Scale.
AB  - The Global Assessment of Recent Stress (GARS) Scale was developed to assess
      current stress perception. Most measurements of environment are derived from life
      event scales that capture amount of stress or change associated with stressful
      events that have occurred over the past six to twenty-four months. A scale that
      provides a more immediate estimate of stress is needed when physiological tests
      and perceived stress are studied together. The GARS has been subjected to a
      series of studies concerning its reliability, validity, and factor structure.
      Results suggest that it may be a useful instrument for helping individuals assess
      their current feelings of stress.

PMID- 4055248
TI  - The relationship between attitudinal and behavioral change in pediatric residents
      in a psychiatric liaison teaching program: a pilot study.
AB  - Two behavioral measures--chart audits and requests for psychiatric consultations-
      and two attitudinal measures--case conference comments and a case management
      questionnaire--were used to assess changes in pediatric residents' approaches to
      psychosocial issues over the course of liaison training. Both attitudinal
      measures showed changes in the residents' approaches, including an increased
      attention to patients' and families' feelings and an expanded awareness of the
      options available in dealing with psychosocial problems. These changes in
      attitude, however, did not result in increases in the amount of psychosocial data
      recorded in the charts or increases in resident-initiated consultation requests.
      The authors use their observations on the wards and in case conferences and
      interviews with pediatric residents to explain why chart contents and psychiatric
      consultation practices are resistant to change. Their findings indicate a gap
      between attitudinal and behavioral change that requires further research on how
      pediatric residents identify psychosocial problems, and how liaison training is
      integrated with the needs and expectations of nonpsychiatric physicians.

PMID- 4055249
TI  - Methylphenidate for medical in-patients.
AB  - Methylphenidate (Ritalin Hydrochloride) has been recommended as a treatment for
      depressed medical and geriatric patients. The rationale for this treatment
      includes both its safety (even in patients with contra-indications that prevent
      the use of other antidepressants) and its quick onset of action. In addition the
      drug can be withdrawn after a few weeks of treatment without the danger of a
      recurrence of depression. The author reports having used the drug safety in
      depressed medically ill patients with a success rate of at least 50 percent.

PMID- 4055250
TI  - Is tinnitus a psychological disorder?
AB  - There have been consistent reports in the psychosomatic literature indicating
      that a patient's perception of tinnitus as well as differential response to
      various treatment modalities may be affected by personality variables. The
      present study examined several personality correlates of subjective tinnitus in
      forty-five male patients referred to the Audiology Clinic of a large VA Medical
      Center with constant tinnitus of at least six months duration. Information was
      also collected on etiology, onset and chronicity, medications, prior treatment
      and related medical problems. Four standard psychological tests (MMPI, Cattel's
      16 PF, Rotter's Locus of Control and Holmes and Rahe Life Stress Scale) were
      administered to all patients in the study, in addition to a comprehensive
      audiologic and otologic evaluation. Correlational analyses were used to examine
      the relationship between personality profiles and the demographic, medical and
      audiologic data. The expected psychosomatic characteristics of this patient
      population did not emerge as had been predicted from previous reports in the
      literature. Findings suggest that tinnitus may have an unwarranted reputation as
      a psychopathological disorder. Therefore, conventional psychotherapy may be of
      limited efficacy whereas standard audiologic treatment approaches may be more
      promising.

PMID- 4055251
TI  - Control theory and multiple placebo effects.
AB  - The importance of the placebo in medicine is well documented, yet our
      understanding of placebo effects remains limited. One obstacle to a greater
      understanding is the fact that the phrase "placebo effect" has been used to refer
      to a number of qualitatively distinct behavioral events. Thus, different theories
      have been promulgated, each one tending to explain a selective portion of the
      placebo phenomenon. To help clarify matters, three kinds of placebo effects are
      described, and theories that have been used to explain them are reviewed.
      Limitations of these theories are then discussed, and a general model of placebo
      effects, based on a control theory perspective, is presented. Some implications
      and limitations of this model are outlined.

PMID- 4055252
TI  - Importance of "significant others" in predicting cooperation with diabetic
      regimen.
AB  - Patients' cooperation with their medical regimen is of prime importance in the
      treatment of a chronic illness such as diabetes. A psychosocial model of
      behavioral prediction developed by Fishbein was used to examine compliance
      intentions among diabetic patients. Patients' beliefs about the consequences of
      following their diet were identified. Surprisingly, how important following the
      regimen was to "significant others" in a patient's life was a stronger predictor
      of behavioral intention than were the patient's own beliefs.

PMID- 4055253
TI  - Sociocultural factors in MI recovery: an exploratory study.
AB  - The reported study examines the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) and
      ethnicity in coping with a first acute myocardial infarction (MI). The study
      employed a panel design in which seventy-five patients were interviewed during
      acute hospitalization and six months later, and sixty of those were interviewed
      again at one year post-MI. Using the analysis of variance test, gradients in
      anxiety, functional status, and self-reported health status were found among
      lower SES Blacks, Hispanics, Anglos and upper SES Anglos as well as statistically
      significant differences in personal sense of control, beliefs about recovery,
      coping responses, and social support systems. More important, analysis of
      covariance documents that associations between coping variables and post-MI
      recovery outcomes vary among the different sociocultural groups.

PMID- 4055254
TI  - Factors affecting anxiety and depression in psychiatric consultation patients.
AB  - Factors that contribute to dysphoric affects in patients seen on a consultation
      liaison service were investigated. Eighty-five subjects were studied to assess
      the role of character style, locus of control and seriousness of medical illness
      upon the magnitude of depression and anxiety each patient experienced. Results
      indicated that the obsessoid individual as well as individuals in pain reported
      significantly more depression and anxiety than their hysteroid counterparts. The
      severity of illness did not correlate with greater dysphoria. Those individuals
      who were more externally located were found to be in greater subjective pain.
      Furthermore, psychiatric consultants significantly tended to ignore the issue of
      the pain more often than anxiety and depression. The implications of these
      findings are discussed as they relate to a patient's personality style and the
      experience of illness and hospitalization.

PMID- 4055255
TI  - A preliminary study of the relationship between preoperative depression and
      weight loss following surgery for morbid obesity.
AB  - Fifty-two consecutive morbidly obese patients were evaluated psychiatrically
      before they were scheduled to undergo gastroplasty and again an average of twenty
      six months later. Ten patients did not undergo surgery; six patients who did
      undergo gastroplasty were unavailable for follow up. In the remaining thirty-six
      patients, there was a statistically significant correlation between the degree of
      clinically estimated preoperative depression and the percent of body weight lost
      following surgery. Amount of preoperative weight was also correlated with
      postoperative weight loss, but depression before surgery was a more significant
      predictor of postoperative weight loss. Patients who expressed less distress
      prior to surgery tended to lose less weight after surgery and were more likely to
      manifest increased psychiatric distress postoperatively.

PMID- 4055256
TI  - Fenfluramine and mazindol: acute reversible cardiomyopathy associated with their
      use.
AB  - An unusual side effect of amphetamine-like drugs is described. A patient with
      acute cardiomyopathy was discovered to have been taking Fenfluramine and Mazindol
      at the prescribed dose. Within a week after abstention from the drugs and
      appropriate cardiac treatment her cardiomyopathy resolved. The authors suggest
      that this effect is due to the combination of the two drugs and represents a drug
      interaction.

PMID- 4055257
TI  - Empirical study on an inpatient psychogeriatric unit: diagnostic complexities.
AB  - Retrospective analysis of the phenomenology and the diagnostic process of 112
      consecutive psychogeriatric admissions revealed the majority (61%) were suffering
      from affective illness. In 53 percent, the reason for admission was depression
      and 8 percent were in the manic phase of a bipolar disorder. Dementia was
      diagnosed in 32 percent, with a third of these patients having an associated
      depression. The remaining 7 percent had a schizophrenic or paranoid disorder.
      Ninety-two patients (82%) were found to have at least one coexisting medical
      and/or neurological disorder(s) requiring early intervention. Associated acute
      organic brain syndromes were common (18%) and often difficult to diagnose. The
      AOBS was at times the only sign of an underlying active medical condition. The
      diagnosis of this condition often required serial observations for fluctuations
      in mental status accompanied by appropriate laboratory investigations. These
      findings underscore the complexity of the diagnostic process in psychogeriatric
      patients suffering from concomitant medical and psychiatric disorders. High index
      of awareness is recommended for the need to search for coexisting delirium, which
      may be masked at times by the major psychiatric disorder.

PMID- 4055258
TI  - Management of the hearing impaired child with serous otitis media.
AB  - The majority of research and informative papers dealing with otitis media with
      effusion (OME) are concerned with normally hearing children who display a mild
      conductive hearing loss associated with the infection. In contrast, the target of
      our manuscript is the child who has a previously documented sensori-neural
      hearing loss that is complicated by the onset of a middle ear infection. It is
      our clinical experience that OME in the hearing impaired child must be treated
      aggressively in order to adequately override the additional loss that accompanies
      a middle ear infection. A number of our patients are children who have various
      degrees of sensori-neural hearing loss. A significant number of these children
      also have experienced bouts of OME. The case studies presented will examine the
      effect that middle ear effusion has had on these hearing impaired children and
      discuss the importance of vigorous treatment of OME in hearing impaired children.
      Our intention is to alert the otologist and the audiologist to the possibility of
      OME in the hearing impaired child and to demonstrate the need for and the benefit
      of aggressive medical and/or surgical intervention.

PMID- 4055259
TI  - Progressive hearing loss following Haemophilus influenzae meningitis.
AB  - Loss of hearing is a sequelae of meningitis. This hearing loss has been known to
      fluctuate for as long as one year following the acute infection. This paper
      presents a case of an 11-year documented downward fluctuating hearing loss
      following Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. The case indicates that patients
      should be followed audiologically for years following meningitis. A review of the
      literature of hearing loss in meningitis is presented with special emphasis on
      cases in which the hearing loss fluctuated. The cases in the literature were
      usually not followed for more than one year. In this case of acquired hearing
      loss secondary to Haemophilus influenzae meningitis, the patient's hearing
      fluctuated over 11 years, in a downward progression. It is not clear what type of
      mechanism is involved in the ongoing damage to the cochlea that could account for
      this gradual fluctuation. It is suggested that as the possibility of long-term
      fluctuation exists, patients with meningitis should be monitored audiologically
      for many years.

PMID- 4055260
TI  - Hereditary macrothrombocytopathia, deafness and nephritis (Epstein's triad).
AB  - Epstein's triad is a syndrome with a combination of hereditary
      macrothrombocytopathia and progressive sensorineural hearing loss and nephritis.
      This syndrome is rare and may be inherited as dominant trait or sex-linked or new
      mutation. But the true mode of this syndrome is still questionable. Bilateral
      sensorineural hearing loss is progressive and seems not to be related to the
      severity of bleeding episodes and renal failure. An 8-year-old boy with these
      findings is presented and discussed in this article.

PMID- 4055261
TI  - Properties of PAF-acether appropriate to a mediator of the inflammatory aspects
      of asthma.
AB  - The authors review the extensive literature on the asthmatic effects of Paf
      acether (PAF), suggesting that anti-asthmatic drugs may owe their therapeutic
      efficacy to their inhibition of PAF-induced pathology.

PMID- 4055262
TI  - Selective tissue accumulation of manganese and its effect on regional blood flow
      and haemodynamics after intravenous infusion of its chloride salt in the rat.
AB  - Manganese chloride (MnCl2), with or without the addition of trace amounts of
      54Mn2+, was administered as a 7-min i.v. infusion in rats. Tissue accumulation of
      54Mn2+ was determined 0-15 min after the infusion, and cardiac output, regional
      blood flows and vascular resistances were measured 5 and 60 min after the
      infusion by the microsphere technique. The plasma half-life of 54Mn2+ was found
      to be 4.7 min. Mn2+ accumulated in several organs, the highest relative
      concentrations being seen in the liver, duodenum, jejunum, kidney and heart, and
      intermediate concentrations in the ileum, colon, stomach and spleen. There was no
      uptake in the lung, skeletal muscle or brain. During the infusion of 180 mumol/kg
      b.w. of Mn2+, the arterial blood pressure fell from a mean of 123 +/- 5 mm Hg to
      a minimum of 85 +/- 7 mm Hg, and thereafter returned to normal. Five minutes
      after termination of the infusion, there was a decrease in cardiac output and
      minute work but not in total peripheral resistance, a finding interpreted as a
      negative inotropic effect of Mn2+. At this time blood flow was decreased in the
      stomach, ileum, colon, spleen and skin, and increased in duodenum, jejunum and
      liver. The blood flows were normalized 60 min after termination of the infusion
      in all organs except the liver and heart. The effects are probably due to the
      calcium-antagonistic properties of Mn2+ and the tissue accumulation is most
      probably a result of intracellular accumulation through calcium channels. The
      relation between tissue accumulation and tissue selectivity of blood-flow
      alterations is unexplained.

PMID- 4055263
TI  - Rat pleurisy induced by kaolin or croton oil: time course of fluid accumulation
      and white cell migration.
AB  - Rat pleurisy was induced by intrapleural injection of 0.1 ml of 1% kaolin or 1%
      croton oil, and the time courses of pleural fluid accumulation and white cell
      migration were examined. Peak pleural fluid accumulation was observed at
      respectively 5 and 16 h after the inciter injection. Migration of white cells
      into the pleural cavity showed a peak at respectively 7 or 24 h after each
      inciter. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes were predominant in pleural cells of kaolin
      pleurisy at 3 h, while in croton-oil pleurisy the major white cells were
      mononuclear cells and lymphocytes at 3 h, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      appeared later around 16 h. Pretreatment with several agents modified both types
      of induced pleurisy. Kaolin pleurisy at 3 h was suppressed by indomethacin,
      mefenamic acid, paramethasone, bromelain and soy-bean trypsin inhibitor, while
      croton oil pleurisy at 3 h was suppressed significantly by indomethacin and
      paramethasone.

PMID- 4055264
TI  - Comparison of spontaneous and retinoic acid stimulated rabbit articular cartilage
      degradation in vitro.
AB  - The in vitro degradation of rabbit articular cartilage explants was evaluated
      with and without the addition of retinoic acid under various experimental
      conditions. Retinoic acid at nontoxic concentrations ranging from 1 X 10(-7) to 1
      X 10(-5) M significantly increased cartilage degradation. The addition of
      phenanthroline or cycloheximide, but not pepstatin, significantly inhibited
      spontaneous and retinoic-acid-stimulated cartilage degradation at pH 7. When the
      pH was reduced to 5, only pepstatin inhibited spontaneous and retinoic-acid
      stimulated cartilage degradation. No chondroitin sulphate release was observed
      when the temperature was reduced to 4 degrees C. The different inhibitory
      profiles observed at pH 7 and pH 5 suggest that cartilage degradation at pH 7 is
      associated with the presence and synthesis of a neutral metalloproteinase.

PMID- 4055265
TI  - Clinical value of serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein measurements in
      secondary amyloidosis.
AB  - Serum amyloid A protein (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are acute-phase
      reactants synthesized by the liver. A close relationship was found between SAA
      and CRP concentrations in various rheumatic diseases (rs = 0.74 to 0.83). The
      serum concentration of these proteins reflected the activity of the rheumatic
      inflammation in a sensitive way. In secondary amyloidosis, persistently high SAA
      and CRP levels correlated closely with the progression of the renal amyloid
      manifestations. The findings show that measurements of SAA and CRP concentrations
      are valuable in assessing disease activity and the effect of therapy in rheumatic
      diseases, as well as in the assessment of the prognosis in secondary amyloidosis.
      Therapeutic measures that decrease SAA levels may reduce amyloid formation.

PMID- 4055266
TI  - Shedding of Coxiella burnetii in milk by Nigerian dairy and dual purposes cows.
AB  - Fresh milk from dairy cows kept at semi-intensive husbandry in governmental and
      institutional farms and dual purpose Fulani nomadic husbandry around Zaria,
      Nigeria were screened for Coxiella burnetii using the mouse inoculation test. Of
      the 20 herds from both management systems tested, 16(80.0%) contained dairy cows
      shedding C. burnetii in their milk. Of a total of 169 cows tested, 41(24.3%) were
      shedders. Eighteen (22.0%) of 82 cows kept under semi-intensive and 23(26.4%) of
      87 cows kept under Fulani nomadic systems were shedding C. burnetii. The
      difference in frequency of shedding C. burnetii between both system was not
      statistically significant (P greater than 0.05, X2). Of the 88 dairy cows
      serologically tested for C. burnetii agglutinins by the capillary agglutination
      test (C.A.T), 48(54.5%) were sero-positive and 40(45.5%) were seronegative. Among
      Q-fever sero-positive cows, 11(22.9%) were shedders and 37(77.1%) were not
      shedding C. burnetii in their milk. Of the sero-negative cows, 6(15.0%) and
      34(85.0%) were shedders and non-shedders, respectively. With milk from Fulani
      nomadic cows predominantly taken raw or made into unheated fermented milk
      products, the health risk to the consumers of such products cannot be over
      emphasized.

PMID- 4055267
TI  - The public health significance of trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) in Nigeria.
AB  - Although trypanosomiasis is no longer a major public health problem in the
      Federal Republic of Nigeria, it nevertheless remains a significant economic bane
      to farmers whose livestock suffer high morbidity and mortality and a significant
      loss of weight. This disease probably leaves many Nigerians, without adequate
      protein intake either from lost beef or from the inability of the cattle to
      produce milk. Ford (1970) stated that trypanosomiasis may be what is holding back
      the development of large areas of Africa--a statement which has credence
      especially when viewed in terms of the thousands of square miles of Nigeria which
      remain under the infestation of tsetse--land which could be employed in food
      production. It is therefore important that the history, epidemiology and control
      methods for this disease be reviewed from time to time in an attempt to ensure
      that the surveillance mechanisms in place are functional.

PMID- 4055268
TI  - Some epidemiological aspects of animal scabies in human population.

PMID- 4055269
TI  - Comparative study of four saprophytic leptospira strains as screening antigens in
      the serodiagnosis of leptospirosis in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis).
AB  - The profitability of four saprophytic leptospira strains (Buenos Aires, Patoc 1,
      Rufino and Sao Paulo) as polyvalent antigen in the serodiagnosis of leptospirosis
      in water buffaloes was studied by the microscopic agglutination test. From 104
      examined sera tested against 16 pathogenic leptospira serotypes, 52 were
      positives and 52 were negatives. The results led to the conclusion that from four
      studied strains, Buenos Aires strain showed the best results when utilized in
      screening tests for the serodiagnosis of leptospirosis in water buffaloes. The
      other three strains showed a good specificity but their sensibilities were poor
      and therefore should not be recommended for diagnosing water buffalo
      leptospirosis.

PMID- 4055270
TI  - The hazards of surgery in the obese.
AB  - Obesity is an additional risk factor in surgical patients. The mortality rate in
      obese patients is high (3.6% in my series) and the morbidity is much higher.
      These patients may be prediabetic, diabetic, hypertensive or atherosclerotic and
      they are liable to develop postoperative coronary thromboses and chest
      complications such as acute massive collapse of the lung or bronchopneumonia. In
      upper abdominal operations, they are more liable to develop septic wounds and
      postoperative distension. Thrombo-embolic phenomena are more pronte to develop in
      the obese. Intraoperative bleeding is particularly frequent in obese patients
      with hypertension, atheroscleroses and fatty liver. Surgery in severe obesity
      should be limited to emergencies. Elective surgery is not recommended unless it
      is mandatory, e.g. to reduce weight in hard-core obesity which resists expert
      medical treatment. Many hard-core obesity cases have psychological problems and
      require special pre- and postoperative psychological care.

PMID- 4055271
TI  - Epidemiological aspects of cancer in Iran.
AB  - In order to obtain information concerning the incidence of the various types of
      cancer in Iran, 40,690 identified cancer cases diagnosed in different
      histopathology laboratories in Tehran were studied. Skin cancer is the commonest
      form; 23% of all cases. The male/female ratio is a little more than 2:1. Cancer
      of the cervix uteri is the commonest form of cancer among women (19% of total
      cancer cases in women) and occupies the second place in the overall rating
      (8.60%). This also occurs predominantly in patients of the lower social classes.
      Primary cancer of the lymph nodes is very widespread in Iran. The general
      statistics show that primary malignant tumors of the lymph nodes comprise 8% of
      all cancer cases. Cancer of the esophagus occupies fourth place in the general
      statistics accounting for 7.5% of the total cases surveyed. Cancer of the breast
      (5%) occupies fifth place in the overall rating. Very few male patients have been
      diagnosed; the sex ratio being 1:28. Investigations show that breast cancer
      predominates among the higher social classes. Cancer of the respiratory tract is
      also common in Iran. From the total of 40,690 cases of cancer, 5.90% suffered
      from malignant tumors of these organs (3.30% cancer of larynx and 2.60% cancer of
      bronchus and lung). The incidence of malignant tumors of the prostate is very low
      and only 0.33% of all male cancer cases observed in Iran are localized in this
      organ.

PMID- 4055272
TI  - The preventative effect of pyridine on stress ulcers: a microvascular and
      morphological study.
AB  - The effect of pyridine in the prevention of cold restraint-induced stress ulcers
      in rats was investigated. After fasting, rats were administered the appropriate
      dosage of pyridine and were promptly placed into stress cages for cold room
      stress. The rats were sacrificed and bleeding, ulceration and vascular patency
      were examined. At doses of 0.01 mg/kg and 0.20 mg/kg, pyridine significantly
      decreased the amount of gastric hemorrhage and ulceration (p less than 0.01), as
      compared with the controls. In addition, microvascular dye, injected after
      stress, revealed perfused mucosal capillaries in the pyridine group, and
      occlusion of mucosal capillaries in the control group. These results suggest that
      the antiplatelet effect of pyridine reduced thrombus formation in the mucosal
      capillaries with subsequent reduction in mucosal ulceration.

PMID- 4055273
TI  - Breast biopsy and guidance for occult lesions.
AB  - Biopsy and histological examination is the only way of determining with absolute
      accuracy whether a lesion is benign or malignant, as well as its exact nature and
      whether it shows any evidence of precancerous changes. Occult malignant lesions,
      not clinically detectable, may be found by the study of surrounding tissue in the
      course of the excision of a benign lesion. However, they are most often found by
      breast x-rays (mammography or xerography) which are done for: the survey of high
      risk asymptomatic women; contralateral breast studies; symptomatic breasts
      without palpable findings; nipple discharge; large pendulous breasts; and
      multinodular breasts. Biopsies for occult lesions, based on radiographic
      findings, are recommended for: suspicious calcifications; stellate-shaped masses;
      breast masses with ill-defined borders or nodular contours; dominant masses; and
      areas of increased density or distorted breast architecture. In general, biopsy
      for these lesions is best done under general anesthesia, as an in-patient and as
      a two-step type of procedure, i.e., the biopsy should be studied by permanent
      histologic sections before making a final diagnosis. Preoperative localization
      can be done by measurements, markers, radio-opaque dye injections or by needle
      localization which we feel is the preferred technique because it is simple and
      accurate and allows for removal of only a small amount of tissue with better
      cosmetic results. The advantages and disadvantages of various types of needle
      localization are discussed and figures are given for 387 needle localizations in
      which 148 cancers were found (38.2%). Of these cancers, 54.1% were invasive and
      45.9% were noninvasive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4055274
TI  - Inclusion cytology by fine needle biopsy in mammary tumors.
AB  - In an attempt to reach a definite preoperative diagnosis of solitary, solid,
      breast lesions, data collected in our Institute during the last year was analyzed
      and confirmed the possibility of obtaining adequate cytologic and histologic
      specimens with fine-needle aspiration. When this is used in association with
      conventional cytologic examination the sensitivity of the procedure is increased
      from 73% to 78%. In 14% of cases, these combined aspiration techniques provided
      extra information concerning the histotype and infiltration of the tumor which
      was not obtainable with cytology alone.

PMID- 4055275
TI  - Thyroid cancer: surgical experience with 322 cases.
AB  - From November 1970 to July 1983, a total of 322 thyroid cancers were treated
      surgically in our clinic. Total thyroidectomy was the treatment of choice. In 131
      patients, modified neck dissection (unilaterally in 23 and bilaterally in 108)
      was added. Of the latter patients, 33 also required upper mediastinal lymph node
      dissection. There were no operative deaths. No recurrent laryngeal nerve
      iatrogenic palsy was observed. Permanent parathyroid insufficiency developed in
      only about 4% of patients. The low morbidity and good long-term results justify
      the use of this procedure in all patients with thyroid malignancies. Despite
      conservative arguments in the controversial issue of lobectomy versus total
      thyroidectomy, skilled surgeons should be able to perform total thyroidectomy
      safely. It is recommended as the treatment of choice because of the well
      documented multicentricity of thyroid cancers and the good prognosis of
      differentiated cancers associated with a near-normal life expectancy, to permit
      radioactive iodine therapy of possibly functioning metastases and the easier
      control of hypothyroidism with thyroid supplement medication.

PMID- 4055276
TI  - Clinical significance of choledochal diameter and hyperbilirubinemia in acute
      cholecystitis.
AB  - Persistent choledochal stones as well as negative choledochal explorations lead
      to increased morbidity and expense in surgery for acute cholecystitis. In an
      attempt to establish more precise criteria for the presence of CBD stones, 300
      consecutive emergency cholecystectomies were studied and computer analyzed.
      Precise determination of the choledochal diameter and preoperative bilirubin
      levels permit a very accurate estimation of the probable presence of choledochal
      stones. On the basis of this information, more than 50% of patients can be
      classified in the low risk group, in which operative cholangiography can be
      omitted with minimal risk when technical difficulties are encountered, and
      choledochotomy may be avoided when cholangiography is unclear.

PMID- 4055277
TI  - Kron's biliary prosthetic bypass in the treatment of neoplastic jaundice.
AB  - After experimental study in the dog, which showed the material to be highly
      reliable, an original method of biliary bypass using a silicone prosthesis in the
      treatment of neoplastic jaundice is introduced. This prosthesis allows the bile
      duct to be bypassed regardless of the location of the obstacle. This method was
      used in 150 patients; recession was sufficiently good in 84 of them to confirm
      good tolerance and the excellence of the results. In fact, good results were
      recorded in 95% of cases of cancer of the hilum, which is all the more remarkable
      in consideration of the difficulties involved in these operations. The main
      postoperative complications are bile fistulas which resolve spontaneously if the
      precaution of extensively draining the zones of intubation is taken;
      postoperative comfort is excellent; no constraint is necessary and the operative
      risk is moderate, this is particularly desirable in patients in a poor general
      condition. A short prosthesis makes transtumoral intubation possible, and a long
      prosthesis allows implantation in the digestive tract: stomach, duodenum or first
      intestinal loop. Postoperative persistence of jaundice is rare if a prosthesis of
      sufficient diameter is used and if no major bile duct or part of the liver is
      excluded. Cholangitis is exceptional and indicative of an excluded biliary area.

PMID- 4055278
TI  - Parietal cell vagotomy in the surgical treatment of chronic duodenal, pyloric and
      prepyloric ulcer disease.
AB  - During the 1970s, parietal cell vagotomy (PCV) gradually became accepted as a
      suitable method in the surgical treatment of prepyloric, pyloric and duodenal
      ulcer disease. This study reports the data from a study of 405 consecutive
      patients with chronic ulcer disease treated with PCV. Mortality was low (0.5%)
      and there were few postoperative sequelae (periodic loose stools in 2% and mild
      dumping in 2%). Reduction in basal acid output was 75% and in pentagastrin
      stimulated acid secretion 50%. The ulcer recurrence rate was initially higher in
      pyloric-prepyloric (PU/PPU) than in duodenal ulcer disease but after the seventh
      postoperative year this difference was no longer statistically significant. The
      accumulated recurrence rate was 17.5%. Few side effects and a comparatively low
      recurrence rate makes PCV the method of choice in the surgical treatment of
      peptic ulcer disease.

PMID- 4055280
TI  - Pheochromocytoma and renal artery stenosis.
AB  - Cases with concurrent pheochromocytoma and renal artery stenosis, two "surgically
      curable" hypertensive disorders, are rare. The stenosis is generally secondary to
      direct compression or stretching of the renal artery by the tumor. Five such
      cases are reported. Sometimes the tumor and the renal artery stenosis occur
      independently giving rise to some pathogenetic queries. Diagnosis and therapy are
      briefly discussed.

PMID- 4055279
TI  - Kock continent ileostomy in Indian patients.
AB  - Reservoir (continent) ileostomy was performed in 16 of our cases who had
      undergone total proctocolectomy. The basic pathology in these cases was chronic
      ulcerative colitis. Four cases (25%) had to be re-operated for partial or
      complete extrusion of the nipple valve causing incontinence. Two of these cases
      needed a second revision. By improving the valve formation technique, the
      incidence of sliding of the exit-valve was reduced. Other postoperative
      complications also responded well to this treatment. The patients were followed
      for three to five years. Three cases need frequent evacuation, but the remaining
      13 cases, including some who had undergone revisional surgery, are fully
      continent. This procedure is accepted well by our patients.

PMID- 4055281
TI  - Surgical approach to renal cell carcinoma extending into the right atrium through
      the inferior vena cava.
AB  - Successful management of a patient with an intracardiac tumor thrombus of renal
      carcinoma is described. This case and a few others in the literature have led us
      to consider the clinical signs of cavo-atrial obstruction, frequently silent and
      unspecific; the diagnostic methodology, especially based upon CAT scan and
      cavography, and the type of surgery and surgical technique called for, especially
      as regards the approach and the possible use of extracorporeal circulation (ECC).

PMID- 4055282
TI  - Myofacial pain dysfunction: a clinical examination procedure.
AB  - Myofacial pain dysfunction (MPD), a commonly occurring illness, presents with a
      variety of clinical appearances and patient symptoms which mimic many other
      illnesses. The family physician and medical specialist are often first consulted
      by patients suffering from the pain and/or limited functions associated with MPD.
      Although the definitive diagnosis and therapy is usually provided by a dental
      specialist, the attending physician is often required to make the initial
      clinical diagnosis of MPD and then select proper referrals and consultations.
      Physicians with an understanding of the cause and clinical picture of MPD can, by
      obtaining a comprehensive history and performing a concise clinical examination,
      make a diagnosis of MPD. A description of the nature of the illness and a
      clinical examination procedure are presented.

PMID- 4055283
TI  - Artificial sperm reservoir on epididymis using pedicled tunica vaginalis for the
      management of conductive azoospermia.
AB  - In persons with azoospermia due to obstructive or anejaculatory causes,
      implantation of alloplastic silicone reservoirs onto the epididymis for
      collection of spermatozoa for artificial insemination, with eventual pregnancy,
      has become technically feasible, although there have been poor results from the
      procedure. Our experimental study on dogs indicates that such an epididymal
      reservoir can easily be constructed from a pedicled tunica vaginalis flap.
      Observations on the qualitative and quantitative changes in the spermatozoa of
      these reservoirs and conjecture about possible means of improvement of these
      parameters are discussed.

PMID- 4055284
TI  - Axillary-femoral graft compression by prosthetic belt.
AB  - In severe peripheral vascular disease, a patient may need not only an amputation
      but an axillary-femoral bypass. In order to prevent the potential problem of
      axillary-femoral graft compression by a prosthetic belt, the importance of
      amputation length is stressed in this case report discussion.

PMID- 4055285
TI  - Squamous cell papilloma of the esophagus in a child.
AB  - The case of a 17 month-old girl with an esophageal squamous cell papilloma is
      presented. There was a previous history of intermittent hematemesis and vomiting.
      The tumors were located in the lower esophagus and were removed operatively. Our
      patient is the youngest case reported so far.

PMID- 4055286
TI  - Puerperal ovarian vein thrombosis.
AB  - Puerperal ovarian vein thrombosis presents as a life-threatening complication of
      pregnancy and/or pelvic surgery. Diagnosis and management have been obscure in
      the past. We have previously reported three non-surgically treated cases and are
      now adding two more, one of which was surgically treated.

PMID- 4055287
TI  - Interaction of ultraviolet laser light with the cornea.
AB  - The effect of pulsed ultraviolet (UV) laser light on the cornea depends on
      wavelength (photon energy), irradiance (photon flux), and pulse firing rate. At
      the available excimer laser wavelengths of 193, 249, 308, and 351 nanometers, the
      authors have varied the irradiance per pulse (10 to 2000 mj/cm2) as well a pulse
      frequency (1, 10, 25 Hz) and determined the thresholds for coagulation and
      ablation of the corneal stroma. The latter ablative action creates a groove
      resembling an incision and was present at all wavelengths studied. The threshold
      for ablation increased for longer wavelengths and lower pulse frequencies, except
      for 193-nm exposure, which was characterized by a constant threshold independent
      of laser pulse rate. The grooves at 193 nm were both biomicroscopically and
      histologically smooth and no coagulation effects were noted. Some degree of
      coagulation of adjacent tissues was noted at 249, 308, and 351 nm.

PMID- 4055288
TI  - Effect of hematoporphyrin derivative on rabbit corneal endothelial cell function
      and ultrastructure.
AB  - Hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) is a systemically administered photosensitizing
      agent that may be of value in the treatment of solid tumors. When corneal
      endothelial cells were perfused in the specular microscope with HpD and exposed
      to a 25-W incandescent light at 5 cm (5.5 mW/cm2) there was anatomic disruption
      of corneal endothelial cells and swelling of the corneal stroma. Perfusion with
      0.2 microliter/ml (1.0 microgram/ml) HpD and 5 min exposure to light resulted in
      a corneal swelling of 71 +/- 4 microns after 3 hr, whereas perfusion with 0.2
      microliter/ml HpD and a 1-min exposure to light resulted in a corneal swelling of
      36 +/- 4 microns after 3 hr. Perfusion with 0.2 microliter/ml HpD with no light
      exposure resulted in a corneal swelling of 22 +/- 4 microns after 3 hr. Inclusion
      of 100 micrograms/ml catalase in the perfusion solution resulted in a significant
      38% reduction of the corneal swelling. The inclusion of either 100 micrograms/ml
      superoxide dismutase, 15 mM D-mannitol, 5 mM ascorbic acid, 1/4% DMSO, 50 microns
      EDTA, 50 microns DETAPAC, 10 mM L-histidine, or 1 mM sodium azide did not modify
      the corneal swelling induced by the photosensitization reaction. Perfusion of
      corneal endothelial cells with 2 microliters/ml (10 micrograms/ml) HpD and
      exposure to 25-W incandescent light for 5 min resulted in swelling of
      mitochondria, the appearance of vacuoles in the cytoplasm, and rapid corneal
      swelling. The data suggests that corneal endothelial cells can be damaged by
      hydrogen peroxide generated by the dismutation of superoxide anion produced
      during the photoreaction. Superoxide anion itself and hydroxyl-free radical do
      not appear to participate in causing the endothelial cell damage. The role of
      singlet oxygen remains somewhat unclear. The data suggests that further in vivo
      studies should be performed to delineate precautions that should be taken to
      protect the corneal endothelium during photoradiation therapy.

PMID- 4055289
TI  - Adenosine-stimulated production of sugar-phosphates in bovine corneal
      endothelium.
AB  - Exogenous adenosine promotes deturgescence of in vitro corneal preparations, but
      the biochemical mechanism underlying this effect has yet to be elucidated. This
      study sought to investigate the possibility that adenosine promotes deswelling by
      activating the pentose shunt in corneal endothelium. Homogenized extracts of
      bovine corneal endothelial tissue cultures were incubated with [32P]K2HPO4 in the
      presence or absence of 5 mM adenosine for periods up to 30 min. Radiolabelled
      sugar-phosphates were separated on polyethyleneimine-cellulose thin layers,
      autoradiographed, removed, and counted by liquid scintillation. At 30 min,
      radiolabelled ribose-1-phosphate (R-1-P), ribose-5-phosphate (R-5-P), and
      sedoheptulose-7-phosphate (S-7-P) were identified and found to be significantly
      higher than control (without adenosine) levels by factors of 2.7, 4.2, and 2.4,
      respectively. The increases occurred first for the ribose-phosphates and later
      for sedoheptulose-7-phosphate. These results suggest that exogenous adenosine
      activates the pentose shunt by contributing its ribose moiety as a substrate,
      which may ultimately provide cellular energy for the deturgescence mechanism.

PMID- 4055290
TI  - The protective effect of ascorbate in retinal light damage of rats.
AB  - Cyclic light and dark-reared rats were exposed to intense visible light for
      various periods and then rhodopsin-measured following recovery in darkness for up
      to 14 days. Animals were injected with ascorbic acid or ascorbate derivatives at
      various doses prior to light exposure in green Plexiglas chambers. The results
      show that ascorbic acid administration elevates retinal ascorbate and reduces the
      loss of rhodopsin and photoreceptor cell nuclei resulting from intense light.
      When given in comparable doses, L-ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, and
      dehydroascorbate were equally effective in preserving rhodopsin. The ascorbate
      protective effect in the retina is also dose dependent in both cyclic light and
      dark-reared rats and exhibits a requirement for the L-stereoisomer of the
      vitamin. Ascorbic acid is effective when administered before, but not after,
      light exposure, suggesting that protection from light damage in the retina occurs
      during the light period. In some experiments, rod outer segments were isolated
      from rats immediately after light exposure, lipids extracted, and fatty acid
      composition determined. As judged by the preservation of rod outer segment
      docosahexaenoic acid in rats given ascorbate, the vitamin may act in an
      antioxidative fashion by inhibiting oxidation of membrane lipids during intense
      light.

PMID- 4055291
TI  - Amelioration of photic injury in rat retina by ascorbic acid: a histopathologic
      study.
AB  - It has been postulated that ascorbic acid may help to protect the retina from
      oxidative insult by light. To confirm this hypothesis, the authors compared light
      damaged retinas of rats with or without ascorbate supplement by morphologic and
      morphometric studies at different time periods after light exposure. No dramatic
      morphologic differences were observed in the photoreceptor-retinal pigment
      epithelium complex between the two groups six hr after light exposure to 200 to
      250-foot candles of visible light. Six to 13 days after 24 hr of exposure, the
      retina of rats that received ascorbate supplement showed significantly less
      severe damage than the retina of unsupplemented rats. The superior and temporal
      quadrants of the retina appeared to be most susceptible to the light damage when
      comparing rats with or without ascorbate supplement. These findings suggested
      that ascorbate ameliorates the photic injury in rat retina.

PMID- 4055292
TI  - An improved method for isolation and culture of rat retinal pigment epithelial
      cells.
AB  - Retinal pigment epithelial cells from normal, Long Evans (LE) and retinal
      dystrophic (RCS) rats can be grown in vitro (Edwards, 1977). An improved
      technique is described which permits a more rapid isolation of RPE cells, and
      routinely gives high cell yields (30,000-40,000/eye), excellent cell viability
      (95%), and high plating efficiencies (95-100%). Whole eyes are treated with
      hyaluronidase and collagenase followed by trypsin. These enzymes degrade
      components of the extracellular matrix, releasing sheets of RPE from adherent
      attachments to the retina and choroid. Trypsin was then used to dissociate the
      sheets into single cells. RPE cells are grown to confluence in primary culture.
      This technique permits RPE cell isolation from both normal and retinal dystrophic
      (RCS) rats, 8-15 days of age. Normal cells isolated by this technique
      consistently show excellent phagocytosis in vitro.

PMID- 4055293
TI  - The pattern evoked electroretinogram: its variability in normals and its
      relationship to amblyopia.
AB  - Electroretinograms evoked by pattern stimuli (contrast reversing gratings) were
      measured under steady state conditions in the normal and amblyopic eyes of 14
      amblyopic individuals having Snellen acuities in the range 20/100 to 20/600.
      These ERGs were measured as a function of spatial frequency, and compared with
      the psychophysical threshold losses to the same stimuli. In all cases the authors
      compared the normal and fellow amblyopic eye's response while taking into account
      the variability of right-left eye comparisons of normal individuals for these
      psychophysical and electrophysiological tests. When factors such as optical
      focus, fixation alignment, and fixation stability have been individually
      optimized, no pattern ERG deficit was observed in a spatial frequency range where
      there were obvious psychophysical deficits to the same stimuli. Our results do
      not substantiate previous claims of a pattern ERG anomaly in many severely
      amblyopic eyes.

PMID- 4055294
TI  - Monocular acuity and stereopsis in infantile esotropia.
AB  - Monocular acuity and stereopsis were assessed by preferential-looking procedures
      in untreated infantile esotropes. Results were compared to an age-matched normal
      population. Monocular PL acuity was not significantly different from normal
      during months 3-14 for infantile esotropes who freely alternated fixation and for
      the preferred eyes of unilateral infantile esotropes. PL acuity of the non
      preferred eyes of unilateral esotropes was significantly below normal during
      months 9-14, but not during months 3-8. The percentage of normal and esotropic
      infants who demonstrated PL stereopsis was approximately equal at 3-5 months but,
      unlike normal infants, the percentage of esotropic infants demonstrating
      stereopsis was lower in the older age groups. Taken together, the acuity results
      support previous reports that deficits in PL acuity develop after the onset of
      fixation preference. The results of PL stereopsis testing are consistent with the
      hypothesis that stereoscopic pathways are present and potentially functional in
      at least some esotropic infants.

PMID- 4055295
TI  - Phagocytosis of polystyrene spheres in the rabbit corneal endothelium:
      contribution of lysosomal enzymes to the endothelial degeneration.
AB  - The rabbit corneal endothelium phagocytized polystyrene spheres 0.5 micron in
      diameter. After phagocytizing spheres, the endothelium degenerated, and lost from
      the Descemet's membrane. Lysosomal enzyme activities of the endothelium
      Descemet's membrane complex, such as acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and N
      acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, were assayed and the total activities per
      microgram DNA were almost constant. The unsedimentable activities in the complex,
      however, increased by phagocytosis of polystyrene spheres, which indicated an
      extralysosomal release of lysosomal enzymes. Released lysosomal enzymes probably
      would have accounted for the degeneration of the corneal endothelium.

PMID- 4055296
TI  - Hydration stability of intracorneal hydrogel implants.
AB  - A hydrogel intracorneal lens for refractive keratoplasty must have predictable
      and stable optics when implanted in the corneal stroma. A series of experiments
      was performed to evaluate the hydrogel hydration stability when in the corneal
      stromal environment. Hydrogel ICLs of 54%, 63%, 66% and 71% water content showed
      no loss of hydration (by weight) after one week in the rabbit corneal stroma. In
      vitro experiments with hydrogel discs of 56%, 65%, 69.5% and 75% water content
      were subjected to swelling pressures ranging from 55 to 150 mmHg in a suction
      chamber. Only the hydrogel of 75% water content showed a significant loss of
      hydration at the physiologic swelling pressure of 55 mmHg. This study shows that
      hydrogel materials with up to 69.5% water content can be expected to be
      dimensionally stable when used in keratorefractive surgery.

PMID- 4055297
TI  - Cadmium reduces extraocular muscle contractility in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - Cadmium, a blocker of calcium channels in various excitable cells, reduces the
      contractility of extraocular muscles. When applied to rat extraocular muscles in
      vitro, it reduces the sustained or tonic tension generated by the tonic multiply
      innervated fibers of the global layer of the muscles. When injected in vivo into
      rabbit extraocular muscles, it produces a temporary paralysis of the muscles and
      a deviation of the eye position. These effects are presumed to involve a blockade
      of the calcium channels of the muscle fibers and of the neuromuscular junctions.
      It is proposed that, on the basis of these effects, a non-surgical treatment of
      strabismus could be developed.

PMID- 4055298
TI  - Contribution from proximal retina to intraretinal pattern ERG: the M-wave.
AB  - Intraretinal electroretinographic (ERG) responses were recorded from cat to
      spatial square wave gratings that were reversed in contrast (pattern ERG, PERG).
      Maximum 8 Hz PERG amplitudes occurred in proximal retina. Intraretinal ERGs to
      circular spots (photopic) also were maximal in proximal retina and resembled the
      M-waves of cold-blooded retinas. The temporal transforms of M-wave responses to 8
      Hz flicker (to simulate contrast reversal conditions) imitated the 8 Hz PERG,
      suggesting that the M-wave may contribute significantly to the PERG.

PMID- 4055299
TI  - Pattern and focal ERG in amblyopia.

PMID- 4055300
TI  - Ethiopia: famine and frustration.

PMID- 4055301
TI  - Weight prediction equation tested and available.

PMID- 4055302
TI  - Platitudinous insights.

PMID- 4055304
TI  - Infant feeding guidelines.

PMID- 4055303
TI  - Monotherapy with long half-life cephalosporins: example of ceftriaxone.

PMID- 4055305
TI  - Life-sustaining procedures act gives Iowa the 'living will'.

PMID- 4055306
TI  - Benign familial neonatal convulsions.

PMID- 4055307
TI  - Unit dose/clinical pharmacy: a twenty-year perspective.

PMID- 4055308
TI  - Species classification problems in virus taxonomy.
AB  - Although the species is the fundamental unit of taxonomy, virologists only
      recently have begun to classify virus species in a systematic way under the
      leadership of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Progress has
      been slow and uneven for several reasons: (i) Attempts to sort species are
      hampered even when the distinction between classification and nomenclature is
      blurred. Classifying is based on observation and involves deductive reasoning,
      whereas naming can be as arbitrary as desired, even to the point of dispensing
      with the traditional Latin binomial form. (ii) Some virologists deny the
      possibility of applying the species concept to asexual organisms, such as
      viruses. Those persons are influenced by an obsolete definition of biological
      species which rests on observed or inferred barriers to sexual reproduction.
      (iii) New taxonomic tools, such as mathematical (numerical) taxonomy, might be
      applied profitably to virus classification, but are unfamiliar to many
      virologists.

PMID- 4055309
TI  - The genetic basis for describing viruses as species.
AB  - The basis for the taxonomic definition of viruses or other species eventually has
      to be genetic. Since the beginning of the taxonomical considerations of
      organisms, the criterion that individuals can be grouped together on the basis of
      genetic compatibilities has been adopted as the guiding principle for describing
      a species. Although the genetic tests for grouping and distinguishing viruses may
      be different, the principle behind the species concept can still be applied.
      Also, the very existence of virus heredity and invokes the concept of speciation.

PMID- 4055310
TI  - Alternatives to the species concept for virus taxonomy.
AB  - The species concept seems to be inescapably based on the occurrence, in a
      population, of regular genetic interchange which leads to the formation of common
      gene pools and on the presence of barriers to interchange which distinguish one
      gene pool from another. Present knowledge indicates that some types of viruses
      (e.g. Orthomyxoviridae, Reoviridae) may exchange genes and have a gene-pool
      population structure; application of the species concept here is legitimate and
      likely to be feasible in practice. However, it seems that other types of viruses
      (e.g., tobamoviruses, tombusviruses) do not indulge in regular gene exchange and
      that common gene pools, distinct from each other, do not occur. Rather, there is
      clonal multiplication, accumulation of variants, and a fanwise radiation of types
      with little or no genetic exchange across the rays of the fan. Here, the species
      concept cannot usefully be applied at either the theoretical or the practical
      level. If viruses within some major groups are not amenable to being classified
      and named as species, it follows that attempts to apply the species concept to
      all viruses should be abandoned. An alternative system that can embrace all cases
      is already used by plant virologists and merits careful examination by others.
      Adoption of a 'nonspecies' general approach need not exclude the proposition that
      in some instances virus species do exist and can be identified and named, as
      special subsets of the general case. If we cease to aim for the universal
      pigeonholing of viruses into genera and species, binomial latinized names lose
      their chief justification.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4055312
TI  - "Infective endocarditis--a review of nineteen patients".

PMID- 4055313
TI  - A review of sports injuries seen in the casualty department.

PMID- 4055311
TI  - Ammonia metabolism during acid-base disturbance.

PMID- 4055314
TI  - Tubal pregnancy in the Rotunda Hospital. A review of 13 years.

PMID- 4055315
TI  - Complicated septic polyarthritis and rheumatoid disease.

PMID- 4055316
TI  - "Stokes' collar" due to a retrosternal toxic goitre.

PMID- 4055317
TI  - Aspergillomas and lung fibrosis--a review of cases in a general hospital.

PMID- 4055318
TI  - Mortality analysis of colorectal carcinoma in Ireland. Time trends and an
      international comparison.

PMID- 4055319
TI  - Wound infection rates in a community hospital. A second study.

PMID- 4055320
TI  - Hyperthyroidism due to a thyrotropin secreting pituitary adenoma.

PMID- 4055321
TI  - Alpha thalassaemia in an Irish family--a previously unreported finding.

PMID- 4055322
TI  - Proceedings of the Irish Society of Gastroenterology winter meeting. Belfast, 23
      24 November 1984. Abstracts.

PMID- 4055323
TI  - Cancer of the larynx.

PMID- 4055324
TI  - Umbilicus and xiphisternum--poor antenatal reference points.

PMID- 4055325
TI  - Perinatal epidemiological characteristics of the sudden infant death syndrome in
      an Irish population.

PMID- 4055326
TI  - Gaucher's disease: a case report with coincidental vitamin B12 deficiency
      anaemia.

PMID- 4055327
TI  - Measles in an Irish community.

PMID- 4055328
TI  - Relapsing polychondritis.

PMID- 4055329
TI  - In vitro assay for erythropoietin.
AB  - An in vitro assay method for the quantitative estimation of erythropoietin has
      been developed. The principle of the method is based on the stimulation of LP
      catalyzed iodination of MIT by erythropoietin and the iodination reaction was
      found to be linearly proportional to the increasing concentration of
      erythropoietin of same potency or same concentration of increasing potency. This
      assay procedure could be utilized for clinical purposes for the estimation of
      erythropoietin content of biological samples, like urine, serum etc. This method
      is very simple, rapid, highly specific and sensitive enough to detect as little
      as 0.25 mU of erythropoietin.

PMID- 4055330
TI  - Interactions of ubiquinones with membrane models.
AB  - The effect of the insertion of coenzyme Q10 and some of its shorter chain
      homologues in membrane models (Reverse Micelles, Small Unilamellar Vesicles and
      Liposomes) has been studied by NMR and IR spectroscopies. By 1H-NMR we have found
      that the stretched conformation of the isoprenoid side-chain observed in solution
      is maintained in membrane models. Interaction between the quinonoid moiety of the
      Q's and the phosphatidic groups of the phospholipids has been evidenced by 31P
      NMR. A large effect of this interaction on the water microdynamics and
      distribution around the charged groups of the phospholipids has been observed by
      measurements of 1H and 2H relaxation times and by infrared spectra. The 13C-NMR
      spectra of the backbone of the acyl chains of phospholipids does not seem to be
      influenced to a noticeable extent by the presence of the Q's.

PMID- 4055331
TI  - Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry: a powerful technique for structural
      studies on peptides.

PMID- 4055333
TI  - Diagnostic accuracy of thyroid aspirative cytology in view of cumulative
      experience.
AB  - Cytological findings of 100 fine-needle aspirations from thyroid nodules of 83
      patients were reviewed and correlated with histological or clinical diagnoses.
      Diagnostic accuracy of inflammatory lesions, papillary carcinomas and
      nonfollicular tumors was very high and did not alter significantly after
      reexamination. The diagnostic accuracy of proliferative follicular lesions
      improved considerably with experience. There was some overlap in the diagnosis of
      follicular adenomas and goiters; we did not differentiate between follicular
      adenomas and carcinomas, both of which were reported as follicular tumors, but
      all cases of follicular carcinoma were diagnosed as follicular tumors, thus
      warranting biopsy.

PMID- 4055332
TI  - Carnitine transport in rat heart slices: II. The carnitine/deoxycarnitine
      antiport.
AB  - In rat heart slices carnitine transport occurs in an exchange process with
      deoxycarnitine. This has been demonstrated in double labelling experiments
      allowing a preloading of either 3H-carnitine or 14C-deoxycarnitine, the
      immediated precursor of carnitine. The stoichiometry of the
      carnitine/deoxycarnitine exchange resulted close to one in both directions. The
      relative kinetics supports the assumption that the process is mediated by a
      membrane bound protein. The results may rationalize the circumstance that
      carnitine is taken up by myocardium against a concentration gradient. The meaning
      of the carnitine/deoxycarnitine exchange is discussed.

PMID- 4055334
TI  - Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid. Five years' experience with 183 patients.
AB  - Fine needle aspiration (FNA) was performed on 183 patients for the purpose of
      evaluating thyroid nodules. Adequate specimens were obtained in 70% of 217 FNA.
      Definite malignant or benign results were obtained in 68% of adequate specimens.
      Thus, data useful for patient management were obtained in half the cases. Among
      the 41 patients who underwent surgery following an adequate preoperative FNA,
      there was one false positive and one false negative report (a patient with
      necrotic undifferentiated carcinoma mistaken for acute bacterial thyroiditis).
      The use of FNA in a routine setting is supported by these results.

PMID- 4055335
TI  - A national monitoring system for congenital malformations in Israel.
AB  - In 1976 the Department of Maternal and Child Health in Israel established, at
      minimum cost, a national system for reporting of congenital malformations. The
      system is based on hospital reporting of all live births through a special form
      attached to the live birth certificate. Compliance of reporting has reached 80 to
      90%. Data obtained are tabulated and circulated monthly. It was found that forms
      that were received later reported a relatively higher percentage of congenital
      anomalies.

PMID- 4055336
TI  - Effect of furosemide on urinary excretion of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid
      (VMA).
AB  - Excretion of VMA was measured in 10 healthy volunteers before and after intake of
      40 mg furosemide and in 3 patients with congestive heart failure who were
      intermittently treated with 80 mg furosemide. In healthy volunteers furosemide
      caused an increase in VMA excretion from 5.0 +/- 0.5 to 7.8 +/- 0.9 mg/24 h and
      from 2.0 +/- 0.2 to 2.9 +/- 0.3 mg/g creatinine (mean +/- SE). Excretion of
      catecholamines was slightly increased in some subjects, but did not reach the
      upper limit of normal in any case. Furosemide induced an acute increase in
      urinary VMA that could have derived from inhibition of renal tubular
      reabsorption. Administration of furosemide might result, on occasion, in a false
      positive test for pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 4055338
TI  - Legionellosis--an occupational hazard?

PMID- 4055337
TI  - Familial Mediterranean fever: no association of HLA with amyloidosis or
      colchicine treatment response.

PMID- 4055339
TI  - Blood zinc protoporphyrin levels in the children and wives of lead battery
      workers: a preliminary report.

PMID- 4055340
TI  - Effect of cimetidine, ranitidine and omeprazole on hepatic flow of the
      artificially perfused rat liver.

PMID- 4055341
TI  - Senile dementia and motor neuron disease: a lesson in coping.

PMID- 4055342
TI  - Bat-Sheva seminar on medical decision-making. 16-22 April, 1985, Beer Sheva,
      Israel.

PMID- 4055343
TI  - Immunological effect of cycloheximide in mice.
AB  - We evaluated the effects of cycloheximide on two immune responses in the mouse.
      The data obtained in this series of experiments showed enhancement of the direct
      splenic plaque-forming cell response to sheep red blood cells when the drug was
      administered at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg i.p. and of the delayed type
      hypersensitivity reaction to oxazolone when cycloheximide was injected at doses
      of 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg i.p. Depression of these responses was observed when the
      dose of drug injected was 75 or 100 mg/kg i.p. At a dose of 5 mg/kg cycloheximide
      had no effect on these immune responses.

PMID- 4055345
TI  - AIDS: the emerging ethic dilemmas.

PMID- 4055344
TI  - Evaluation of the effects of various anti-arthritic drugs on type II collagen
      induced mouse arthritis model.
AB  - A battery of drugs which are commonly used as therapeutic agents for arthritis
      was tested for effects on the inflammatory and immunological responses of DBA/1J
      mice, after immunization with type II collagen. All the drugs were tested at more
      than one dosage. The mice were protected from the development of arthritis by
      treatment with paramethasone (0.25 mg/kg/day) or cyclophosphamide (5 mg/kg/day).
      The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used in these studies, viz. aspirin (200
      mg/kg/day), benoxaprofen (100 mg/kg/day) and naproxen (200 mg/kg/day), had no
      significant effect on the joint involvement, although naproxen and benoxaprofen
      at these high doses caused some reduction of immune responses of mice to
      collagen. Chloroquine (100 mg/kg/day), levamisol (50 mg/kg/day) and gold
      chlorophosphene (5 mg/kg/day) had no effect on the inflammatory or humoral
      response, while treatment with D-penicillamine (100 mg/kg/day) led to an early
      onset of arthritis in mice. These data suggest that the type II collagen-induced
      mouse arthritis model may not be highly suitable for detection of the traditional
      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory class of drugs or the anti-rheumatic drugs,
      although the possibility remains that some new and novel immunosuppressive agents
      may be detected with this model.

PMID- 4055346
TI  - Clinical care and research in AIDS.

PMID- 4055347
TI  - AIDS and the threat to public health.

PMID- 4055348
TI  - AIDS: Public policy and biomedical research.

PMID- 4055349
TI  - Public education on AIDS: not only the media's responsibility.

PMID- 4055350
TI  - Adam Smith in the emergency room.

PMID- 4055351
TI  - Why Britain can't afford informed consent.

PMID- 4055352
TI  - Nazi research: too evil to cite.

PMID- 4055353
TI  - The use--and misuse--of psychiatric consults.

PMID- 4055354
TI  - Making laws on making babies.

PMID- 4055355
TI  - The case against thawing unused frozen embryos.

PMID- 4055356
TI  - The origins of epidemiologic studies of heart disease, cancer and osteoporosis
      among Hawaii Japanese.

PMID- 4055357
TI  - Coronary heart disease, hypertension and stroke among Japanese-American men in
      Hawaii: the Honolulu Heart Program.

PMID- 4055358
TI  - Gastric cancer among the Japanese in Hawaii: a review.

PMID- 4055359
TI  - Predictors of health in men of Japanese ancestry in Hawaii.

PMID- 4055360
TI  - Osteoporosis among Hawaii Japanese: a review of the major findings of the Kuakini
      Osteoporosis Study.

PMID- 4055361
TI  - The role of personality in the etiology of chronic headache.

PMID- 4055362
TI  - Intravenous chlorpromazine--preliminary results in acute migraine.

PMID- 4055363
TI  - Caffeine consumption, withdrawal and cerebral blood flow.

PMID- 4055364
TI  - Lack of concordance between changes in headache activity and in
      psychophysiological and personality variables following treatment.

PMID- 4055365
TI  - Prevention of exercise induced migraine by quantitative warm-up.

PMID- 4055366
TI  - Recurrent VI nerve palsy in cluster headache.

PMID- 4055367
TI  - Behavioral treatment of headache following occupational trauma.

PMID- 4055368
TI  - Does the piribedil test permit predicting the efficacy of domperidone, a
      dopaminergic antagonist, in the treatment of migraine?

PMID- 4055369
TI  - Paresthesia of the trigeminal nerve secondary to endodontic manipulation with N2.

PMID- 4055370
TI  - The appropriate use of diagnostic services: (III). Thyroid disease and the
      laboratory.

PMID- 4055371
TI  - Cynicism and optimism: the National Health Service through a wide-angle lens.

PMID- 4055372
TI  - Health awareness and practices of primigravidae in Glasgow.

PMID- 4055373
TI  - Public knowledge of hospices: a street survey of general knowledge of hospices
      and specific knowledge of a local National Health Service continuing care unit.

PMID- 4055374
TI  - The prevalence of smoking among nurses of the Forth Valley Health Board Area.

PMID- 4055375
TI  - Incidence of colo-rectal, breast and lung cancer in a Scottish Asian population.

PMID- 4055376
TI  - Neuroblastoma in Edinburgh 1970-1984.

PMID- 4055377
TI  - Measuring hospital performance in multiinstitutional organizations using
      financial ratios.
AB  - The growth in the number of hospitals participating in MIOs is a critical force
      in the health services industry. Financial ratios serve as a tool to analyze the
      performance of these MIOs. Ratios can provide signals of financial stress or
      strength, which is essential to survival in a price-competitive environment.

PMID- 4055378
TI  - Take patient rights seriously to improve patient care and to lower costs.
AB  - Administrators can increase the quality of care and lower costs by taking patient
      rights seriously. Small rural hospitals as well as large urban ones can do this
      by encouraging the patient's right to self-determination and by gaining the
      support of employees and community alike.

PMID- 4055379
TI  - Financing health promotion and education programs in HMOs.
AB  - Health education and promotion programs provide numerous benefits to HMOs, plan
      members, and society. There are many approaches to financing such programs, and
      their application varies across organizations, depending on organizational
      values, managerial styles, decision-making structures, resources, administrative
      preferences, and program objectives.

PMID- 4055380
TI  - HCMR interview: Alexander Poston. Interview by Montague Brown.

PMID- 4055381
TI  - Hospital strategies for the eighties: a mid-decade look.
AB  - At the beginning of the 1980s, a variety of sources predicted turbulent times for
      the hospital industry. The past few years have brought many changes in the
      expectations, structure, and behavior of hospitals, and key questions face this
      health care industry as it enters the second half of the decade.

PMID- 4055383
TI  - Health education and medicine: competition or cooperation?
AB  - Shifts in the expectations of the public, in the practice of medicine, and in the
      state of the art of health education call for an examination of the nature of the
      relationship between the health education and medical professions. Their
      relationship can be characterized in terms of competition or cooperation. This
      paper examines a number of issues related to these shifts and discusses the
      potential and pitfalls of this relationship. It is concluded that power is a
      fundamental issue to be recognized and addressed by health education specialists.

PMID- 4055382
TI  - Cost savings in hospice: final results of the National Hospice Study.
AB  - Medicare inpatient and home care costs over the last year of life of terminal
      cancer patients served in two types of hospices and in conventional care (CC)
      were compared as a part of the National Hospice Study (NHS). Both home care (HC)
      and hospital-based (HB) hospice patients had lower costs in the last month of
      life than did CC patients. HC patients substituted home care for inpatient care,
      yielding cost savings for lengths of hospice stay of up to 1 year. Although HB
      patients added home care to relatively high levels of inpatient care, their
      ancillary costs per inpatient day were significantly lower than those of CC
      patients. Thus, HB costs over the last year of life were also somewhat less than
      those of CC. The size of the savings associated with hospice care is sensitive to
      the type of hospice and the length of stay distribution of patients served;
      patients served longer have significantly higher costs in the last year of life.

PMID- 4055384
TI  - Some notions about assumptions underlying health education.
AB  - By definition, the objective of health education is to change health behavior.
      One assumption underlying this objective is that changed health behaviors will
      result in improved health status. Both the objective and its assumption are based
      largely on experience with acute health problems. However, health education is
      now changing its focus towards chronic diseases. This paper examines a number of
      chronic disease health education studies. Investigation reveals that although
      there is often an improvement in health status, the associations between changed
      health behaviors and improved health status are not clear and at times do not
      appear to exist. In light of this evidence, the authors suggest that there is, in
      some cases, a need to reevaluate the assumptions that underlie health education
      and a need in health education programs to study factors other than, or in
      addition to, behavior change as mediators of health status.

PMID- 4055385
TI  - Diaphragm method contraceptors: implications for service organization and
      delivery.
AB  - Despite dissemination of modern contraceptive techniques among college women,
      unplanned pregnancy and pregnancy termination rates remain a major health issue.
      An investigation of 495 college women who use the diaphragm method of
      contraception was conducted in order to estimate pregnancy occurrence, to better
      understand factors related to successful use, and to profile service utilization
      patterns. Data were collected by medical record audit and client survey. Fifteen
      percent of the diaphragm clients reported a diaphragm-related pregnancy; clinical
      effectiveness was estimated to be 88% with a rate of 9.75 pregnancies per 100
      woman years of diaphragm use. A variety of demographic, personal history, and
      behavioral variables were found to be related to three dependent variables:
      pregnancy, consistent diaphragm use, and accurate diaphragm use. Review of clinic
      service utilization for this group of patients demonstrated considerable resource
      use, including frequent switching of prescription contraception methods.
      Considering all pregnancies, diaphragm related or not, 27% of the study subjects
      reported at least one unplanned pregnancy. Abortion was elected in 98% of these
      cases. There is general agreement about the need to focus on education,
      information, and service measures to reduce the incidence of unintended
      fertility. Many universities have family planning services available, yet
      unsuccessful outcome continues to be a concern. Specific and practical protocols
      for service implementation need clearer definition. Thus, the implications of
      this research for the content and organization of clinic services are discussed
      with reference to counseling and education and other systems strategies.

PMID- 4055386
TI  - Comparison of three methods of teaching women how to perform breast self
      examination.
AB  - This paper presents results from an experimental study designed to evaluate the
      relative effectiveness of three methods of teaching women how to do breast self
      examination (BSE). Frequency of BSE, confidence in examination performance,
      proficiency of BSE technique, and lump detection performance were the main
      outcome variables assessed. The three training methods compared in this study
      were provision of a pamphlet describing how to do BSE, having women view a
      videotape depicting proper performance of BSE, and having women practice doing
      BSE on a life-like breast model. Results showed that passive methods of BSE
      instruction such as the use of pamphlets or films were of little value in helping
      women develop the tactile skills necessary for proficient BSE. Three months after
      training, it was found that lump detection performance, as measured on silicone
      breast models, was significantly higher among those women who had been given an
      opportunity to practice doing the breast examination on a breast model with
      corrective feedback given by a BSE instructor. The opportunity to practice doing
      the examination with corrective feedback on performance appears to be a critical
      variable in the acquisition of BSE skill.

PMID- 4055387
TI  - General surgery in a developing country. 5 years' experience in Bophuthatswana,
      Southern Africa.

PMID- 4055388
TI  - [10 years' experience with parietal pleurectomy in spontaneous pneumothorax].

PMID- 4055389
TI  - [Aspirated foreign bodies of the lungs].

PMID- 4055390
TI  - [The effect of acid on the function of the esophagus and its lower sphincter].

PMID- 4055391
TI  - [Surgical treatment methods of therapy-resistant ventricular tachycardia in
      intramural heart aneurysms].

PMID- 4055392
TI  - [The effect of surgical treatment methods on the prognosis of early stomach
      carcinoma].

PMID- 4055393
TI  - [Leiomyoblastoma of the stomach].

PMID- 4055394
TI  - [Cicatrization of open wounds in rats. Effect of azathioprine, cyclosporin A and
      polyvinyl alcohol].

PMID- 4055395
TI  - [Function and morphology of the jejunal mucosa of rats treated with cyclosporin
      A].

PMID- 4055396
TI  - [Facilitation of long-term chemotherapy using a completely implantable catheter
      system].

PMID- 4055397
TI  - [Endarterectomy of the pelvic truncal arteries. Indication, technic, results].

PMID- 4055398
TI  - [Importance of colonic contents for recovery after ischemic lesions].

PMID- 4055399
TI  - [Vascular injuries in orthopedic-traumatologic interventions].

PMID- 4055400
TI  - [Chronic hematomas of the duodenum. Apropos of 3 cases].

PMID- 4055401
TI  - Pathology of the arterial hepato-cystic network.

PMID- 4055402
TI  - [Collateral circulation in occlusion of the 3 splanchnic arteries].

PMID- 4055403
TI  - [Asymptomatic cholecystolithiasis: surgical or conservative treatment?].

PMID- 4055404
TI  - [Conservative treatment of intra-articular calcaneus fractures].

PMID- 4055405
TI  - [Surgical treatment of fractures of the calcaneus].

PMID- 4055406
TI  - Priorities of care in the multiple trauma patient.

PMID- 4055407
TI  - Peripheral vascular disease.

PMID- 4055408
TI  - Control of infection--update 1984.

PMID- 4055409
TI  - Malignant goiter.

PMID- 4055410
TI  - The mutagenic effect of captan in bacteriophages T4D.

PMID- 4055412
TI  - The standard karyotype of the blue fox (Alopex lagopus L.). Committee for the
      standard karyotype of Alopex lagopus L.

PMID- 4055411
TI  - Structural concepts of chromosome axis. Chromosome scaffold and core within
      coiled mitotic chromatids.

PMID- 4055413
TI  - Cytogenetic studies in non-Hodgkin lymphomas--results from fine-needle aspiration
      samples.

PMID- 4055414
TI  - C-band polymorphism in non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

PMID- 4055415
TI  - Quantitative genetic models of female choice based on "arbitrary" male
      characters.
AB  - Multivariate, quantitative genetic models are developed for the evolution of
      female mating preferences in situations where males contribute only their gametes
      to their progeny. Although female mating preferences may not be directly subject
      to selection, they can evolve via genetic correlations with other characters that
      are undergoing evolutionary change. The first set of models examines the
      evolutionary origin of mating preferences directed at one or more traits that may
      or may not be expressed only in males. When several selected characters possess
      additive genetic variance, an indirect selective force exists for the evolution
      of multivariate mating preferences. The magnitude of this force is proportional
      to the covariance between a female's relative preference for a given male's
      phenotype and the expected viability of his progeny. The contribution of any
      single character to this covariance determines its potential value as a mate
      choice criterion. The pattern of genetic and phenotypic covariation may cause
      selectively unimportant traits to be useful in mate choice. In the extreme,
      selectively neutral characters may become the objects of mating preferences, if
      they are relatively immune to random environmental variation and genetically
      correlated with selectively important characters. The second set of models
      examines the dynamic evolution of such a selectively neutral ("arbitrary")
      character that is both the object of a mating preference and genetically
      correlated with a third trait that affects viability. The outcome of evolution in
      this three character system is highly indeterminate. As in other sexual selection
      models, there exists a line of neutral equilibria wherein the mean of the
      criterion character matches the mean level of mating preference within the
      population, while the viability trait equilibrates at the phenotypic value
      conferring maximum viability. This line of equilibria, however, is not likely to
      be stable unless females choose mates according to absolute mating preferences.
      Thus, mating preferences that initially may arise as a mean of increasing
      offspring viability may nevertheless lead to indeterminate and potentially
      maladaptive evolutionary outcomes.

PMID- 4055416
TI  - Lack of biochemical polymorphism in British fallow deer.
AB  - Seven-hundred and ninety-four samples of fallow deer (Dama dama L.) blood or
      tissue were collected from 37 sites in England and Wales. A selection of these
      samples was screened for electrophoretic variation at each of 30 loci (minimum of
      88 samples per locus). No genetic variation was found. Possible explanations for
      the lack of polymorphism are discussed. It is suggested that European fallow deer
      experienced a genetic bottleneck during a period of captivity in Mesolithic or
      Neolithic times.

PMID- 4055417
TI  - The tube esophagogram in cases of possible esophageal stricture: a technical
      note.

PMID- 4055418
TI  - Enteroclysis for the examination of the small bowel.

PMID- 4055419
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance: current and future clinical applications.

PMID- 4055420
TI  - Applications of magnetic resonance imaging in clinical urology.

PMID- 4055421
TI  - Percutaneous nephrolithotomy: current methods and the Henry Ford Hospital
      experience.

PMID- 4055422
TI  - Cerebral angiography in posterior fossa revascularization.

PMID- 4055423
TI  - Calorimetric evaluation of the diary-respirometer technique for the field
      measurement of the 24-hour energy expenditure.
AB  - The results of measuring the 24-h energy expenditure by the diary-respirometer
      technique (factorial method) have been compared to those obtained by direct
      measurement of heat output and continuous recording of oxygen consumption and
      carbon dioxide production. Anthropometric and skinfold measurements were used to
      estimate lean body mass in eight male Asian subjects. They remained for 36 h in a
      metabolic chamber wearing a calorimeter suit. A ventilated hood and differential
      gas analysers were used to measure oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide
      production. While the subjects were sitting inactive, the KM respirometer
      indicated a mean energy expenditure which was significantly lower than with the
      calorimeter suit or with the ventilated hood. During exercise on an ergometer at
      25 W and 75 W the respirometer gave readings of energy expenditure which were
      also significantly lower than either the ventilated hood or the calorimeter suit.
      The daily energy expenditure expressed in MJ for a standard body weight of 60 kg
      (MJ/60 kg) measured from the calorimeter suit was 9.79 MJ; from the ventilated
      hood, 9.51 MJ; from the diary-respirometer method, 8.30 MJ. The mean energy
      intake, measured for 10 consecutive d after the the subjects had left the
      metabolic room was 7.87 MJ, while during their stay in the metabolic room, their
      spontaneous intake was 7.74 MJ. The diary-respirometer technique tends to
      cumulate the errors from an incorrect time and motion recording and the potential
      lack of representativeness of the measurement of the energy cost of the
      activities. In the present study, it seems that the discrepancy observed between
      the results of the different methods can be attributed almost entirely to the
      underestimation of the energy cost of the activities by the respirometer.
      Contrary to our expectation the diary-respirometer technique does not seem to
      overestimate systematically the daily energy expenditure.

PMID- 4055424
TI  - Relationship between nutritional status, dietary intake patterns and plasma
      lipoprotein concentrations in rural black South Africans.
AB  - Coronary artery disease remains rare in rural Africans. The survey reported here
      was conducted in order to investigate nutritional factors that might be
      responsible for this. The nutritional status, dietary intake and plasma
      lipoprotein concentrations of a representative sample (42 men, 60 women) of the
      inhabitants of a rural district in Zululand, South Africa, were measured. Results
      demonstrated that whilst men were generally underweight (ie, 20 per cent below 80
      per cent of ideal body weight), women were commonly obese (20 per cent were over
      140 per cent of ideal). The major dietary component was refined commercial maize
      meal with infrequent intakes of animal and dairy products. Dietary fibre intake
      was consequently low (approximately 10 g/d). Low plasma cholesterol
      concentrations were found in 67 per cent of men and 42 per cent of women. High
      density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations were generally lower than quoted
      'desirable' levels. The results of our survey suggest that the low incidence of
      ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in rural Africans is associated with a diet low in
      cholesterol but often excessive in carbohydrate, resulting in obesity. HDL
      concentration and dietary fibre intake were low and therefore could not be
      invoked as 'protective'. The possibility of genetic resistance to IHD remains.

PMID- 4055425
TI  - Folic acid uptake characteristics of a human colon carcinoma cell line, Caco-2. A
      newly-described cellular model for small intestinal epithelium.
AB  - To investigate a newly described model for differentiated small intestinal
      function, folic acid uptake characteristics were examined in the human colon
      carcinoma cell line, Caco-2. Monolayers of this cell line spontaneously exhibit
      structural and functional differentiation patterns characteristic of mature
      enterocytes, with the appearance of brush border microvilli and high activity
      levels of the enzymes associated with the brush border. Our results concur with
      other models of folic acid uptake that emphasize the importance of intraluminal
      factors on micronutrient absorption. Folate uptake declined rapidly between pH
      5.8 and 7.5, and was dependent on the initial folate concentration in the media.
      A dual uptake process is suggested, with a high rate of uptake at folate
      concentrations below 20 nmol/ml and linear uptake characteristics at higher
      concentrations.

PMID- 4055426
TI  - Malnutrition in African patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
AB  - Anthropometric measurements and hand-grip dynamometry were performed on 84 (52
      male) African patients, aged 18-50 years, who were consecutively admitted to the
      General Hospital, Maiduguri, with pulmonary tuberculosis. Nutritional findings
      were related to clinical features, and also compared with those obtained in
      healthy age- and sex-matched hospital paramedical staff. Weight, subcutaneous
      fat, muscle mass and hand-grip strength were all significantly reduced in
      tuberculosis patients compared with controls (P less than 0.001). Patients with
      extensive radiological disease also had reduced measurements compared with those
      who had disease limited to one or two lobes (P less than 0.05). The results
      indicate that patients with pulmonary tuberculosis have a high degree of
      undernutrition, and further study is required to determine whether nutritional
      improvement accompanies successful chemotherapy.

PMID- 4055427
TI  - Body fat estimated from anthropometric and electrical impedance measurements.
AB  - Estimates of body fat based on anthropometric measurements were compared in two
      groups of females, one from the local community and the other from the 1984
      Australian Olympic Team. Estimates of body fat based on electrical impedance
      measurements were also made for the community group. For estimates of total body
      fat based on skinfold measurements, a significant difference of approximately 1
      kg fat/m2 was observed between athletes and non-athletes. In the group of non
      athletes estimates of fat based on skinfold measurements were significantly
      higher than those based on body mass index, with estimates from electrical
      impedance falling between. Electrical impedance measurements may provide a means
      of estimating body fat which takes into account differences in fat distribution
      and in the ratio of fat to fat-free tissue and may thus overcome the problems
      associated with estimates based on measurements of subcutaneous fat (skinfolds)
      or body size which do not allow for these differences.

PMID- 4055428
TI  - Serum concentrations of total T4, T3, reverse T3 and free T4, T3 in moderately
      obese patients.
AB  - Serum total thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), 3,3',5'-triiodo-L
      thyronine (reverse T3 or rT3) and free thyroxine (FT4), free 3,5,3'-triiodo-L
      thyronine (FT3) concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in 52 moderately
      obese patients and 32 age-matched control subjects with constant body weight and
      no dietary restriction. The comparisons of iodothyronine concentrations in the
      obese and control subjects gave the following results: serum T4 and FT4
      concentrations were not different in the two samples (mean +/- s.e. T4: 105.8 +/-
      3.0 vs 109.4 +/- 4.0 nmol/l, FT4: 10.9 +/- 0.4 vs 10.8 +/- 0.8 pmol/l). A slight
      but non-significant decrease in serum rT3 concentrations was observed in the
      obese patients (0.29 +/- 0.02 vs 0.32 +/- 0.02 nmol/l). A slight (10 per cent)
      but highly significant (P less than 0.01) decrease was observed in the obese
      patients for serum T3 (2.20 +/- 0.06 vs 2.44 +/- 0.05 nmol/l) and FT3 (6.0 +/-
      0.2 vs 6.9 +/- 0.2 pmol/l). Serum FT4 and T4 on the one hand and serum FT3 and T3
      on the other were positively correlated both in the obese and control subjects.
      No correlation was found between serum T3 and weight expressed as body mass
      index. The results suggest that the most important factor responsible for the
      decrease in the serum total and free T3 concentrations is the nutrient intake.

PMID- 4055430
TI  - Vitamin C and cholesterol in the elderly.

PMID- 4055429
TI  - Isotope dilution measurement of breast-milk production in Chilean urban mothers.
AB  - A heavy-water dilution technique has been used to measure mean daily breast-milk
      output in a group of nursing mothers from an urban community in Santiago, Chile.
      Infant milk intake was found to correlate significantly with weight (r = 0.646, P
      less than 0.005) and with weight-for-age (r = 0.640, P less than 0.005), but a
      much stronger and highly significant correlation was found with infant birth
      weight (r = 0.802, P less than 0.001). Milk output was also found to depend on
      the mother's nutritional status at the beginning of pregnancy and was
      significantly higher in overweight mothers. An even more marked difference was
      obtained if mothers were divided into two subgroups, above and below normal,
      according to their weight-for-height values at the first antenatal check-up (x+ =
      1148.1 ml/d, x- = 814.2 ml/d, P less than 0.02). Relationships between milk
      output and duration of lactation and parity were also apparent from the study but
      the latter was probably mediated through maternal nutritional status.

PMID- 4055431
TI  - Experimental studies on the pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of titan dust.

PMID- 4055432
TI  - Study on prevalence of pleural plaques in miniature X-ray films in Japan and
      Sweden.

PMID- 4055433
TI  - Choline and mica dust induced pulmonary lesions in rats.

PMID- 4055434
TI  - Changes in acid and alkaline phosphatase activity of a freshwater prawn,
      Macrobrachium lamarrei exposed to aldrin.

PMID- 4055435
TI  - Cadmium-induced behavioral changes in growing rats.

PMID- 4055436
TI  - Does mercury vapor exposure increase urinary selenium excretion?

PMID- 4055437
TI  - An estimation of the sublimation rate of o-phthalodinitrile and acrylamide during
      filter sampling.

PMID- 4055438
TI  - Cholinesterase activities in the blood and brain of rats and mice, as determined
      by a rapid colorimetric method.

PMID- 4055439
TI  - Effects of exhaust pollutant sulfur dioxide on lipid metabolism of guinea pig
      organs.

PMID- 4055440
TI  - Comparative toxicity of trivalent and hexavalent chromium V: Enzymatic
      alterations in rat liver and kidneys.

PMID- 4055441
TI  - Effects of gestational stage and injection route on the corporeal distribution
      and placental transfer of selenium in pregnant mice.

PMID- 4055442
TI  - Purified HLA antigens to probe human alloantibody specificity.
AB  - HLA class I antigens were purified in sufficient quantities to probe the antigen
      specificity of lymphocyte and platelet antibodies. Purification of HLA was
      achieved by affinity chromatography using the monoclonal W6/32 antibody that
      recognizes a nonpolymorphic determinant of HLA-A,B,C molecules. Pooled platelets
      from a large number of donors were used as source of antigen. A highly purified
      HLA preparation was obtained that produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the
      binding of the W6/32 antibody to lymphocytes as measured by flow cytometry. The
      binding of monoclonal antibodies to T-lymphocyte antigens or to HLA class II
      antigens was not affected. The purified HLA also inhibited the binding of
      lymphocyte alloantibodies from renal transplant patients, providing a direct and
      definitive way to probe HLA specificity. HLA also inhibited the binding of the
      same antibodies to platelets but it did not interfere with the binding of
      alloantibodies to the platelet-specific PLA1 antigen. This preparation,
      therefore, can conclusively probe the HLA specificity of both alloantibodies for
      clinical investigation purposes and monoclonal antibodies for screening purposes,
      and has the potential of becoming a reagent for routine use in clinical and
      research laboratories.

PMID- 4055443
TI  - Traumatic bowing of the forearm in children: report of a case.

PMID- 4055444
TI  - Primary lung abscess: report of a case and review of the literature.

PMID- 4055445
TI  - Risk of transmission of hepatitis B to hospital personnel exposed to a chronic
      HBsAg carrier.

PMID- 4055446
TI  - Patellofemoral arthralgia.

PMID- 4055447
TI  - Facial and ocular shotgun blast injury: report of a case.

PMID- 4055448
TI  - The next clinical revolution--behavioral medicine.

PMID- 4055449
TI  - Relationship between lymph nodal status and primary tumor control probability in
      tumors of the supraglottic larynx.
AB  - A retrospective review of 248 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the
      supraglottic larynx was undertaken to determine the relationship between the
      probability of control of the primary lesion, the extent of neck nodal disease at
      initial presentation, and its ultimate control. All patients were treated at the
      U.T. M. D. Anderson Hospital between 1960 and 1980, and had a minimum of 3 years
      follow-up. The primary lesion was staged T1 in 38 patients, T2 in 132, T3 in 50
      and T4 in 28. The initial volume of neck nodal disease was scored on a scale of 0
      (no palpable nodes) to 9 (bilateral neck nodes greater than 6 cm in diameter).
      All primary lesions were treated definitively with megavoltage radiation therapy.
      Treatment to the neck varied according to the extent of lymph node involvement.
      There was no significant difference in the range of total radiation doses
      delivered to the primary lesion, stage for stage, in patients who presented with
      clinically negative or positive nodes, or in those with controlled versus
      uncontrolled neck disease. Analysis of the probability of primary tumor control
      was made by life table methods because of the poorer survival expectation in node
      positive patients. For T1 and T2 primary lesions, any positive node decreased the
      probability of primary tumor control (p = 0.06). For T3 and T4 lesions, a single
      node less than 3 cm in diameter did not worsen the chance of primary tumor
      control, but any greater degree of lymph node involvement did (p = 0.03). For
      both T stage groupings, the probability of primary tumor control at 5 years
      decreased progressively with increasing neck nodal disease. Primary tumor control
      probability was also significantly associated with control of the neck disease,
      independent of the modality of neck treatment. No correlation could be
      demonstrated between the histological grade of the primary tumor and initial
      lymph node status or tumor control probability. Possible interpretations of this
      manifestation of biological heterogeneity are discussed.

PMID- 4055450
TI  - Radiation therapy alone or combined with surgery in the treatment of barrel
      shaped carcinoma of the uterine cervix (stages IB, IIA, IIB).
AB  - This retrospective analysis reports the results of therapy in 128 patients with
      carcinoma of the uterine cervix classified as barrel-shaped or expanded cervix
      (over 5 cm in diameter). Seventy-five percent of the patients were treated with
      irradiation alone and 25% with combinations of irradiation and surgery. The
      results of therapy are compared with those observed in 714 patients with non
      barrel-shaped carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated with similar techniques
      during the same period of time. The distribution of histological type of tumor
      was similar in both groups (90% epidermoid carcinoma, 8% adenocarcinoma, and 2%
      adenosquamous carcinoma). Approximately 15% of the patients in both groups with
      Stage IB and 25% with Stage IIA and IIB had positive endometrial curettings
      (stromal invasion or replacement by tumor only). Thus, the aggressive behavior
      observed in the barrel-shaped tumors is not a result of endometrial involvement,
      but to the large volume of tumor present. The actuarial 5-year tumor free
      survival in Stage IB barrel-shaped cervix was 76% compared to 92% in the non
      barrel-shaped lesions. In Stage IIA the 5-year NED survival for patients with
      barrel-shaped cervix was 60 compared to 80% for the patients with non-barrel
      shaped cervix. In Stage IIB the survival rates were 58 and 70%, respectively. A
      noteworthy finding in this analysis is the high incidence of distant metastases
      in the patients with barrel-shaped cervix (32% in Stage IB, 40% in Stage IIA, and
      32% in Stage IIB) in comparison with patients with non-barrel-shaped tumors (10%
      in Stage IB, 16% in Stage IIA, and 25% in Stage IIB). The incidence of pelvic
      failures was comparable in both groups. Higher doses of irradiation resulted in
      better tumor control, which was comparable to that observed with a combination of
      irradiation and surgery (conservative hysterectomy). The 5-year survival rate in
      Stage IB was similar in both the barrel-shaped and non-barrel-shaped tumors
      treated with irradiation alone or combination irradiation and surgery. In Stage
      IIA the non-barrel-shaped lesions had the same survival with either treatment
      technique. In the barrel-shape group, eight patients treated with irradiation
      alone or survival of 70%, compared to 45% in 24 patients treated with irradiation
      alone. However, these differences are not statistically significant (p = .50). In
      eight patients treated with definitive irradiation and a lymphadenectomy and four
      patients irradiated after an exploratory laparotomy, two major and three minor
      (grade 2) complications were noted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4055451
TI  - Carcinoma of the intact uterine cervix, stage IB-IIA-B, greater than or equal to
      6 cm in diameter: irradiation alone vs preoperative irradiation and surgery.
AB  - This is an analysis of 123 patients with Stage IB-IIA-B carcinoma of the intact
      uterine cervix, 6 cm or greater in diameter, who were treated with curative
      intent at the University of Florida with radiation alone or radiation followed by
      a hysterectomy between October 1964 and February 1982. There is a minimum follow
      up of 2 years in all patients; 87% of all recurrences and 91% of pelvic
      recurrences occurred within this time period. Examination of pelvic control
      rates, as well as disease-free survival, showed no significant advantage in
      pelvic control, disease-free survival, or absolute survival for either treatment
      group when compared by stage and tumor size. The incidence of severe
      complications was 6% for patients treated with irradiation alone and 15% for
      those treated with irradiation and surgery (p = 0.119).

PMID- 4055452
TI  - Stage II carcinoma of the endometrium: results of therapy and prognostic factors.
AB  - A retrospective analysis is reported of 116 patients with Stage II carcinoma of
      the endometrium treated definitively with combined radiation and total abdominal
      hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH-BSO) or irradiation alone
      from January 1960 through December 1981. At 5 and 10 years, the overall survival
      for all patients was 71 and 52% and the disease-free survival was 73 and 69%,
      respectively. Of 90 patients in the combined therapy group, most received a
      preoperative intracavitary insertion (3500 mgh to the uterus and 2000 mgh to the
      upper vagina) and preoperative external beam pelvic irradiation (2000 cGy whole
      pelvis, additional 3000 cGy to parametria, with midline shield) followed in 4 to
      6 weeks by a TAH-BSO. The 5 and 10 year disease-free survival for this group was
      78 and 75%, respectively. The incidence of major complications was 7% for the
      combined therapy group. Twenty-six patients were treated with irradiation alone;
      most of them received two intracavitary insertions (5000 mgh to the uterus and
      3000 mgh to the upper vagina) and external beam pelvic irradiation (2000 cGy
      whole pelvis, additional 3000 cGy to parametria). The 5 and 10 year disease-free
      survival was 53 and 45%, respectively. The incidence of major complications was
      19%. Factors found to influence the prognosis were histologic grade of tumor,
      clinical and histologic degree of tumor involvement of the ectocervix, presence
      of residual tumor in the hysterectomy specimen and the depth of myometrial
      invasion.

PMID- 4055453
TI  - Dose-response for bone regeneration after single doses of 60Co irradiation.
AB  - The Bone Growth Chamber (BGC) methodology was used to establish a dose-response
      relationship for regeneration of mature bone tissue after irradiation of 5, 8,
      11, 15 and 25 Gy single dose 60Co. The BGC, which is a titanium implant, was
      inserted in the proximal tibial metaphyses, bilaterally, of a rabbit immediately
      following local irradiation to one tibia. Each animal thus served as its own
      control. During a healing period of 4 weeks, the two canals penetrating the
      implant became filled with more or less newly formed bone. At the end of the
      healing period, the implants were removed and taken apart and the newly formed
      bone was collected and its volume measured by microradiography and
      microdensitometry. It was found that in the dose range of 5 to 8 Gy bone
      regeneration was reduced by about 20% as compared to non-irradiated controls.
      Between 8 and 11 Gy, there was a critical range in that a small increase in dose
      resulted in a greatly reduced bone formation. At 11 Gy and above, the depression
      in bone formation, as compared to non-irradiated controls, was about 65 to 75%.

PMID- 4055454
TI  - Enhancement of the responses of human colon adenocarcinoma cells to X-irradiation
      and cis-platinum by N-methylformamide (NMF).
AB  - The ability of the maturational agent N-methylformamide (NMF) to modify the
      response of exponentially growing clone A human colon adenocarcinoma cells to x
      irradiation, cis-platinum (cis-DDP), or x-irradiation combined with cis-platinum
      was studied using an in vitro clonogenic assay. When clone A tumor cells were
      adaptively grown in medium containing 1% NMF (V/V) for 3 passages prior to
      experiments, a significantly increased sensitivity to x-irradiation as compared
      to non-NMF treated cells was found. This increased sensitivity was most marked in
      the low dose region of the survival curve (as indicated by a large increase in
      the alpha constant in the linear-quadratic equation), and is similar to the
      increased radiosensitivity observed after treatment of these tumor cells with N,N
      dimethylformamide (DMF). Growth in NMF medium also sensitized these cells to the
      cytotoxic effects of a 1 hr treatment with cis-DDP at 37 degrees C. A dose
      enhancement factor of about 1.8 was found at the 10% level of survival for the
      NMF adapted and cis-DDP treated cells as compared to control cells. Clone A cells
      were treated either immediately prior to or immediately after x-irradiation with
      a single low dose of cis-DDP (1.5 microgram/ml, 1 hour at 37 degrees C) after
      adaptation to growth in NMF containing medium, and the modification of the X ray
      survival curve was compared to cells not exposed to NMF and to NMF-treated cells
      also treated with cis-DDP. For the non-NMF treated cells, the low dose cis-DDP
      treatment produced no change in the survival parameters of the X ray survival
      curve. However, the NMF adapted cells exhibited an additional decrement in cell
      survival, indicating that the effect of NMF on radiation on cis-DDP cell killing
      was additive in nature when all 3 agents were combined in this protocol. Also,
      there was no difference between the sequences of cis-DDP (1 hr, 37 degrees C) + X
      rays versus X rays + cis-DDP (1 hr, 37 degrees C). These data indicate that
      combinations of differentiation inducing agents, together with chemotherapeutic
      agents and X rays, may be a promising avenue of investigation in developing
      strategies for cancer treatment.

PMID- 4055455
TI  - The kinetics and capacity of repair of sublethal damage in mouse lip mucosa
      during fractionated irradiations.
AB  - The kinetics and capacity of repair of sublethal damage in mouse lip mucosa have
      been investigated. To assess the rate of repair 2 and 5 irradiations have been
      given with intervals ranging from 1 to 24 hours. It was found that the sublethal
      damage induced by a dose of approximately 10 Gy was fully recovered in
      approximately 4 hr. After a dose of 5-6 Gy, cellular repair was completed within
      3 hr. The half time of repair (T1/2) was estimated to be approximately 72 min for
      10 Gy and approximately 54 min for 5-6 Gy. Although these results suggest that
      the rate of repair is dependent on the fraction size, the possible influence of
      the amount of repair of sublethal radiation damage with the various fraction
      sizes used can not be ruled out. To evaluate the capacity of repair, a single
      dose, 2, 4 and 10 fractions have been given in a maximal overall time of 3 days
      in order to minimize the influence of repopulation. The slope of the isoeffective
      curve was 0.32 and the alpha/beta ratio was 8.5 Gy. This indicates that the
      capacity of cellular repair of lip mucosa is similar to those of other rapidly
      proliferating tissues but smaller than those of late responding tissues. The
      results of the present and other studies demonstrate that there are considerable
      differences in the repair characteristics between acutely and late responding
      tissues. These features have to be dealt with when fractionation schedules are
      markedly altered.

PMID- 4055456
TI  - Study of acute 60Co, low dose rate CF-252 and CS-137 radiation on LSA ascites
      lymphoma in vivo.
AB  - Dose response curves were determined for the LSA lymphoma for acute 60Co, low
      dose rate Cs-137 and Cf-252 radiations using in vivo survival time bioassay. Mean
      survival times increased with dose with a prominent oxygen effect noted for acute
      60Co and Cs-137. OER was lowest for Cf-252 where it was approximately 1.4. The
      RBEn for oxic LSA cells to Cf-252 neutrons was 3.1 for acute 60Co and 4.2 for Cs
      137. It was larger for hypoxic tumor and RBE was 5.3 for 60Co and 5.8 for Cs-137.
      Survival curves based on survival data used a multitarget dose-response model for
      photon radiation and exponential dose-response for Cf-252 radiation. When LSA was
      irradiated in advanced tumor stages in vivo, Cf-252 was much more effective than
      acute 60Co or LDR Cs-137 for increasing survival time. Tumor response in vivo
      matched the in vitro irradiated tumor data. No schedule dependence was observed
      for mixing of 60Co and Cf-252 radiations.

PMID- 4055457
TI  - Progress in 3-D treatment planning for photon beam therapy.
AB  - The purpose of this report is to study the feasibility of improving dose
      distributions using non-coplanar photon beams from a linear accelerator. Non
      coplanar beams may enter the patient in any arbitrary configuration. This type of
      treatment technique requires a three-dimensional (3-D) planning system. Clinical
      examples are used to illustrate the general problems in 3-D treatment planning,
      and the potential improvement over coplanar beam treatments. Features of a
      treatment planning system for 3-D planning are discussed.

PMID- 4055458
TI  - 125I interstitial brachytherapy for primary malignant brain tumors: technical
      aspects of treatment planning and implantation methods.
AB  - Use of interstitial radiation holds promise in the treatment of primary malignant
      brain tumors, but optimal technical factors have yet to be determined. We have
      developed a method of precise CT directed stereotactic placement of radioactive
      sources in a predetermined target volume. We use low activity (1-2
      millicurie/speed) sources of 125I loaded in silastic catheters, which are
      positioned in a parallel array in the target. Positioning of such multiple
      sources toward the periphery of the volume enhances achievable dose homogeneity.
      Seeds of various activities can be differentially loaded into each catheter and
      the catheters can be positioned at various radii from the central target so that
      the treated volume corresponds to the identified (often irregular) target volume.
      Although the implant is designed to be permanent, the sources can be removed
      easily in a second procedure.

PMID- 4055459
TI  - Portal film technique charts.
AB  - A method to produce consistent radiographic density in portal film images is
      described. The exposure required to produce the desired film density can be
      calculated on the basis of tissue depth dose data. The required exposure is
      tabulated as a function of patient thickness, field size, and air gap between the
      patient and the cassette. The table, referred to as a "technique chart," helps to
      maintain consistent image quality by minimizing the frequency of over and under
      exposed films. Alternatively, treatment planning software may be modified to
      determine the film exposure required for a specific patient. The calculated
      exposures are accurate only if the image receptor employs a sufficiently thick
      front metal screen, a requirement consistent with optimum image contrast.

PMID- 4055460
TI  - Fast neutron radiation therapy for unresectable squamous cell carcinomas of the
      head and neck: the results of a randomized RTOG study.

PMID- 4055461
TI  - Prevention of radiation pneumonitis by controlled pneumothorax in childhood
      rhabdomyosarcoma of the chest wall.

PMID- 4055462
TI  - Iron deficiency among incarcerated juvenile delinquents.
AB  - A population of 163 incarcerated delinquents (126 males and 37 females aged 12-18
      years) was studied to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency and to compare
      hemoglobin (Hgb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), serum ferritin (SF), and
      erythrocyte protoporphyrin/hemoglobin (EP/Hgb) as predictors of response to iron
      therapy. Thirty-two percent of females and 6% of males had SF less than or equal
      to 12 ng/ml; 51% of females and 24% of males had SF less than or equal to 20
      ng/ml. The mean SF was 17.7 ng/ml for females and 29.2 ng/ml for males. Of the
      163 subjects, 53 were at risk for iron deficiency based on SF, Hgb, EP/Hgb, or
      MCV criteria. Twenty-one completed treatment with iron, and nine had greater than
      1 g rise in Hgb. The following tests identified responders: SF less than or equal
      to 12 ng/ml-5/9; SF less than or equal to 20 ng/ml-9/9; Hgb less than or equal to
      third percentile-4/9; Hgb less than or equal to tenth percentile-7/9; MCV less
      than or equal to tenth percentile-2/9; EP/Hgb greater than or equal to 3.0
      micrograms/g Hgb-2/9; EP/Hgb greater than or equal to 2.5 micrograms/g Hgb-4/9.
      Serum ferritin less than or equal to 20 ng/ml had a false positive rate of 57%;
      Hgb less than or equal to tenth percentile and EP/Hgb greater than or equal to
      2.5 mu g/g Hgb had no false positives. The significance of the high prevalence of
      iron deficiency among a population of incarcerated adolescents is not
      clear.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4055463
TI  - Skills-building methods to prevent smoking by adolescents.
AB  - This study evaluated cigarette smoking prevention methods with a sample of
      adolescent females and males. Arranged by school, 331 informed and consenting
      sixth graders were randomly divided into four groups: 1) pretest, skills-building
      methods, posttest; 2) pretest, discussion methods, posttest; 3) pretest and
      posttest; and 4) posttest only. All subjects were followed for 6 and 15 months
      after the posttest. Outcome results on measures of non-smoking intentions,
      attitudes, predictions, problem-solving abilities, and peer interactions favored
      subjects in the skills-building group when compared with subjects in the
      discussion and pretest-posttest control groups. Smoking rates at posttest and at
      both follow-ups were lower in the skills-building group than in the other three
      groups. Results from posttest-only subjects did not support pretest reactivity.
      The study's strengths and limits are discussed along with directions for future
      smoking prevention research.

PMID- 4055465
TI  - The disease profile of hospitalized Third World urban black adolescents.
AB  - Our study evaluates the patients admitted to Baragwanath Hospital, which serves
      the city of Soweto, South Africa. A 5,175-patient sample (i.e., 50% of all
      adolescents admitted in 1980) was analyzed to determine the disease profile. The
      study population comprised 5,175 patients. Pregnancy and related states proved to
      be by far the commonest diagnosis (42.5%). These conditions were followed by
      trauma resulting from assault and violence (7.8%), epilepsy (3.6%), and minor
      surgical procedures for localized purulent infections (2.6%). Whereas rheumatic
      fever, chronic rheumatic heart disease, and tuberculosis are rare conditions
      among teenagers of the first world, they proved to be not uncommon in this study.
      Emotional disturbances, including attempted suicide, were as prominent in Third
      World adolescents as in their peers in the first world. It appears that apart
      from some important differences, the problems of urban adolescents in the first
      and Third World are remarkably similar. It is hoped that by highlighting these
      problems attention will be focused on the Third World adolescent and the further
      planning of adolescent units in hospitals in developing countries.

PMID- 4055464
TI  - The relationship of self-concept and autonomy to oral contraceptive compliance
      among adolescent females.
AB  - Self-concept and autonomy are typically negotiated during adolescence, a time
      when many females also become sexually active. Nonuse and discontinuation of
      contraceptives by teenagers place them at high risk for pregnancy. The present
      study explores the relationship between these psychological factors and
      contraceptive noncompliance during adolescence. Fifty-five adolescent females
      beginning a contraceptive regimen were entered into the study. Compliance at four
      months after the initiation of an oral contraceptive was associated with scoring
      high on the Behavior Subscale of the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale and the
      Autonomy Scale modified from Eysenk.

PMID- 4055466
TI  - Short stature in anorexia nervosa patients.
AB  - In the treatment of many anorexia nervosa (AN) patients, we observed clinically
      that these girls were short in stature. In order to test this hypothesis, we
      reviewed the height records of all patients seen with a previous diagnosis of AN
      in an eight-year period. Of 104 patients, 85 were suitable for study and were
      compared to a control group of 85 age-matched subjects. Seventy-six percent of
      the AN patients (mean age 15.8 years) were below the 50th height percentile for
      age; 14.1% were below the 5th percentile; and 25.8% were between the 25th and
      49th percentile. Parental height was available for 35 subjects. The AN patients
      were significantly shorter than their parents, and comparison suggests an
      impairment of growth rather than a familial etiology. As 80% of subjects
      developed AN after menarche, malnutrition does not appear to be responsible for
      the observed height deficits.

PMID- 4055467
TI  - Effect of physician dress style on patient-physician relationship.
AB  - This study evaluates the effect of physician dress and other variables (i.e., sex
      of physician and patient, age, and type and site of visit) on patient-physician
      rapport. Three hundred eighty-six teens filled out a questionnaire, at the end of
      an office visit, which evaluated their attitudes regarding their physician and
      their preference for physician dress. The physicians alternated between very
      informal, informal, formal-white coat, and formal-suit/dress styles. Dress style
      made no statistical difference in patients' attitudes toward their physician.
      When asked what they preferred their doctor to wear 43% responded "makes no
      difference," 26% said "white coat," 14% said "pants and shirt," 10% said "jeans
      and shirt," and 4% said "suit and tie." Female patients were significantly more
      comfortable (3.6 versus 3.3, p less than 0.01) with female physicians. Male
      patients did not show a preference for a same-sex physician.

PMID- 4055468
TI  - Myositis ossificans in an adolescent following sports injury.
AB  - Myositis ossificans, an abnormal formation of new bone in an injured muscle, can
      occur in young athletes involved in contact sports. Recognition and appropriate
      therapy can reduce associated disability. This report illustrates the condition
      and reviews the clinical manifestations and available therapeutic modalities.

PMID- 4055469
TI  - Adolescent cavitary tuberculosis. Secondary case finding using a social contact
      scale.
AB  - The spread of tuberculosis in a university environment following a case of
      cavitary disease was studied. Six loci of potential secondary infection were
      ascertained and the persons at risk were identified for tuberculin screening. All
      named contacts were ranked by the index patient and her friends on a closeness
      scale for social contact. This scale proved to be an excellent predictor of
      tuberculin positivity, suggesting that in a noninstitutionalized setting the risk
      of tuberculin conversion is associated more with social contact than with mere
      living proximity.

PMID- 4055470
TI  - More comments on xylazine.

PMID- 4055471
TI  - More on representation of private practitioners.

PMID- 4055472
TI  - Premises and institutional licensing laws.

PMID- 4055473
TI  - Transendoscopic electrosurgery for epiglottal entrapment in the horse.
AB  - Monopolar electrosurgical cutting was used to correct epiglottal entrapment in 5
      horses. The operations were carried out in the conscious animal, using topical
      anesthesia. The procedure required the use of a coagulation electrode designed
      specifically for electrosurgery, introduced through the instrument channel of a
      fiberoptic endoscope. The results were satisfactory and serious complications
      were not encountered. In 2 horses, excessive submucosal swelling developed at the
      site of the surgical wound, and the tumefaction took several weeks to subside in
      one of these horses. In both horses, the long-term outcome was a minor degree of
      reentrapment. The main advantages of this technique, compared with other
      corrective procedures, related to the avoidance of the need for general
      anesthesia and laryngotomy, allowing racehorses to be treated without any major
      interruption in their training schedules. The surgery was simple, rapid, and
      bloodless, and was not followed by any dorsal displacement of the soft palate. It
      was suggested that transendoscopic electrosurgery has potential for use in the
      treatment of a number of other diseases of the respiratory tract and other
      systems, both in the horse and in other species. In the equine respiratory tract,
      the technique might usefully be applied to the treatment of guttural pouch
      tympany, soft palate cysts, nasopharyngeal polyps, choanal atresia, subepiglottic
      cysts, and tracheal granulomata. A review of 21 cases of epiglottal entrapment in
      horses revealed no evidence to support the suggestion that dorsal displacement of
      the soft palate is a cause of epiglottal entrapment or vice-versa.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4055474
TI  - Periosteal transection of the proximal phalanx in foals with angular limb
      deformities of the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal area.
AB  - Bilateral angular limb deformities of the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal regions
      in 2 foals are discussed. Periosteal transection was used to correct the
      deformity in both foals. In one foal, only the right forelimb was treated because
      the deformity in the left forelimb did not appear to warrant surgery.
      Subsequently, an angular limb deformity, which could have been prevented,
      developed in the left forelimb. A third foal developed a deformity in the
      proximal phalanx after periosteal transection of the distal third metatarsal
      bone.

PMID- 4055475
TI  - Perirectal abscesses in six horses.
AB  - Perirectal abscesses were diagnosed retrospectively in 6 horses treated for
      colic. The abscesses caused colic in the horses by producing an extraluminal
      obstruction that led to fecal impaction. The abscesses were diagnosed by rectal
      palpation and aspiration of exudate from the masses and were drained surgically.
      In horses in which the abscess involved abdominal organs, peritonitis developed.

PMID- 4055476
TI  - Unilateral scrotal hernia repair in a ram lamb.
AB  - A hemilateral scrotal enlargement in a 5-month-old Hampshire ram lamb was
      diagnosed as a scrotal hernia. Surgical intervention revealed the herniation to
      involve only the omentum, with some testicular atrophy. The cause of this
      condition was thought to be trauma.

PMID- 4055477
TI  - Primary gastric impaction in a pony.
AB  - Primary gastric impaction developed in a pony as a result of the ingestion of
      persimmon seeds and mesquite beans. Clinical signs included mild abdominal pain,
      prolonged recumbency, anorexia, and lethargy. When medical therapy was
      unsuccessful, an exploratory laparotomy was performed. Previously, gastric
      impaction has been associated with signs of severe abdominal pain. Gastric
      impaction should be considered in cases of abdominal crisis of long duration and
      mild pain.

PMID- 4055478
TI  - Follicular cysts in sheep.
AB  - A flock of 188 sheep was surveyed for cutaneous lesions that were noticed 3 days
      after shearing. On the basis of histologic features of the cyst wall, ie,
      association with sebaceous glands and lack of follicular structures or rete pegs,
      the cysts were classified as follicular cysts.

PMID- 4055479
TI  - Epidermal inclusion cysts in a cow.
AB  - A 6-year-old Hereford-cross cow had multiple 2-cm diameter, well-circumscribed,
      firm, nonulcerated cutaneous nodules along the ventral midline. Biopsy of several
      nodules revealed epidermal inclusion cysts. Such cysts may be of economic
      importance because they affect hide quality in beef and dairy cattle.

PMID- 4055480
TI  - Micronema granuloma in the gingiva of a horse.
AB  - A well-circumscribed proliferative mass was protruding from the body of the
      mandible of a 4-year-old Appaloosa gelding. The mass was uniformly firm and was
      ulcerated on the dorsal surface. The horse was euthanatized due to extensive
      involvement of the jaw and difficulty in eating. Microscopically, the mass
      consisted of numerous discrete microgranulomas separated by bands of abundant
      fibrous connective tissue containing lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytic
      macrophages. Numerous rhabditiform nematodes were in the microgranulomas as well
      as in the surrounding connective tissue. The nematodes were identified as
      Micronema species.

PMID- 4055481
TI  - Unusual response following use of succinylcholine in a horse anesthetized with
      halothane.
AB  - A syndrome similar to malignant hyperthermia developed in a 545-kg Quarter Horse
      while anesthetized with halothane for cataract removal. Succinylcholine
      administration caused prolonged, severe muscle fasciculations followed by
      tachycardia, and an elevated blood pressure. Later, while the horse was still
      under anesthesia, its body temperature rose 2 degrees C, and respiratory acidosis
      developed. Myositis developed after surgery, but the horse recovered.

PMID- 4055482
TI  - Ketoconazole for successful treatment of cryptococcosis in a cat.
AB  - Cryptococcosis affecting the skin and a lymph node in a 1 1/2-year-old cat was
      treated successfully with ketoconazole as the sole therapeutic agent. The cat was
      lesion-free 1 year after treatment.

PMID- 4055483
TI  - Cholecystography and cholecystoduodenostomy in the diagnosis and treatment of
      bile duct obstruction in a dog.
AB  - A common bile duct obstruction was documented in a dog, by performing
      cholecystography haparoscopic visualization facilitated performance of the
      cholecystography. Target cells were a consistent hematologic finding.
      Cholecystoduodenostomy, an easily performed surgical technique, allowed for
      restoration of bile flow and resolution of clinical signs.

PMID- 4055484
TI  - Transporting large animals--some legal considerations.

PMID- 4055485
TI  - Usefulness of prognoses: qualitative terms vs quantitative designations.

PMID- 4055486
TI  - Update on the sulfonamide residue problem.

PMID- 4055487
TI  - Antibiotic susceptibility profiles for mastitis treatment.
AB  - Susceptibility tests were performed on milk samples representing prevalent
      mastitis infections in certain herds. Susceptibility patterns of the same
      bacterial species from several mastitis infections in the same herd were
      consistent. The herd antibiotic susceptibility profiles were used as a basis for
      selecting antibiotics for treatment of all such mastitis cases in that herd. A
      high degree of correlation was seen between the susceptibility test results and
      treatment results. Susceptibility patterns of the same bacterial species from
      mastitis infections in different herds varied greatly, which indicated that any
      one antibiotic would not work equally well against the same bacterial infection
      in every herd. Therefore, treatment should be selected on the basis of
      susceptibility test results. When both Streptococcus and Staphylococcus mastitis
      occurred in the same herd, the susceptibility patterns for the 2 bacterial
      species varied widely. Therefore, for herds that experienced both streptococcal
      and staphylococcal mastitis, antibiotics to which both bacterial species were
      susceptible were used for treatment.

PMID- 4055488
TI  - Effect of atrophic rhinitis on growth rate in Illinois swine herds.
AB  - Influence of atrophic rhinitis (AR) on mean daily weight gain (MDG) was studied
      in hogs randomly selected from 7 farrow-to-finish herds in Illinois. Herds were
      selected to obtain a wide range of clinical signs and lesions of the disease;
      thus, prevalence of clinical signs of AR in finishing hogs ranged from 0% to 20%
      among herds, and in hogs examined at slaughter the proportion of hogs with
      turbinate lesions ranged from 5% to 92%. None of the herds investigated had any
      obvious problems with pneumonia; nevertheless, hogs with moderate to severe
      pneumonic lesions were excluded from the study, to minimize any combined effect
      of AR and pneumonia. In 3 herds, MDG in AR-free pigs was 15% to 18% better than
      in pigs with severe AR lesions. Prevalence of clinical signs ranged from 5% to
      20%, and of turbinate lesions, from 66% to 92%. In 4 herds in which MDG appeared
      to be unaffected by AR, prevalence of clinical signs of the disease ranged from
      0% to 5%, and of turbinate lesions, from 5% to 74%. No consistent pattern of
      influence on AR lesions was found for bacterial infections, as determined by
      culturing of nasal swab specimens on MacConkey agar and blood agar.

PMID- 4055489
TI  - An epizootic of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a dairy herd.
AB  - Respiratory syncytial virus was the cause of a severe epizootic of bovine
      respiratory tract disease. The virus, isolated from a sick cow during the
      epizootic, produced cytopathic effect in a bovine turbinate cell line 14 days
      after it was inoculated. Additional support for the diagnosis came from the
      results of pathologic and serologic examinations. Lesions consistently present
      were severe necrotizing bronchiolitis and epithelial syncytia projecting from
      bronchiolar and alveolar walls. Also, in the cow from which the virus was
      isolated, there was tracheitis with a syncytial-like change involving the mucosal
      epithelium.

PMID- 4055490
TI  - Anaerobic bacteria in 21 horses with pleuropneumonia.
AB  - Anaerobic bacteria are important and overlooked bacterial pathogens of the lower
      respiratory tract in horses. Twenty-one of 46 horses with pleuropneumonia had
      anaerobic bacteria isolated from pleural fluid or from tracheobronchial aspirate.
      Bacteroides oralis and B melaninogenicus were the anaerobes most frequently
      isolated. Survival was significantly less for horses from which anaerobes were
      isolated than for horses from which anaerobes were not isolated. Putrid odor was
      associated with the pleural fluid and/or breath in 62% of the horses from which
      anaerobes were isolated. In these horses, the survival rate was significantly
      less than for horses from which odoriferous specimens were not isolated.

PMID- 4055491
TI  - Malignant edema in horses.
AB  - Malignant edema (clostridial myositis) was diagnosed in 9 horses with signs of
      illness that included fever, depression, painful muscular swellings, and toxemia.
      The infection followed intramuscular injections in 8 horses and developed in a
      puncture wound in 1 horse. Treatment consisted of surgical fenestration of the
      involved muscle, high doses of penicillin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
      and analgesics, and supportive fluid therapy. Five horses recovered and 4 died.
      Those that died had advanced signs of the disease at admission.

PMID- 4055492
TI  - Occipito-atlanto-axial malformation with atlanto-axial subluxation in an ataxic
      calf.
AB  - Occipito-atlanto-axial malformation with atlanto-axial subluxation was diagnosed
      radiographically in a 4-day-old Holstein calf with a short neck, symmetric
      ataxia, and tetraparesis, indicative of a cervical spinal cord lesion. Necropsy
      confirmed the clinical diagnosis and revealed ribs on C-7, with partial fusion of
      C-7 and T-1. Histologic examination revealed focal degeneration of the spinal
      cord in the second cervical segment at the level of the atlanto-axial joint and
      extensive secondary neuronal fiber degeneration possibly caused by spinal cord
      trauma that occurred in utero.

PMID- 4055493
TI  - Closed reduction and blind cross-pinning for repair of a proximal tibial fracture
      in a foal.
AB  - A 4-day-old foal underwent repair of a proximal metaphyseal fracture of the
      tibia. After closed reduction, fixation was achieved by use of blind cross
      pinning. Thirty-five days after surgery, radiography demonstrated complete
      healing. The foal was mildly lame 4 months after repair of the fracture. Blind
      cross-pinning may be considered as a method of repair for certain long bone
      fractures in small foals.

PMID- 4055494
TI  - What is your diagnosis? Esophageal foreign body.

PMID- 4055495
TI  - Equine monocytic ehrlichiosis in Illinois.

PMID- 4055496
TI  - Treatment of canine cystic hygroma.

PMID- 4055497
TI  - Standardized nomenclature of veterinary medicine: taking the next step.

PMID- 4055498
TI  - Trends in hip dysplasia control: analysis of radiographs submitted to the
      Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, 1974 to 1984.
AB  - From 1974 through 1984, the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals evaluated 143,218
      radiographic submissions representing 151 breeds of dogs. All breeds from which
      there were 35 or more evaluations had some frequency of dysplasia. Seventy
      breeds, each with over 100 submissions, were tabulated and ranked according to
      frequency of hip dysplasia. Frequency of dysplasia varied from 0.6% in the Borzoi
      to 46.9% in the Saint Bernard. These data were compared with data obtained
      earlier (1966 to 1973) on evaluations in 38 breeds for changes in frequency.
      There was significant (P less than 0.05) reduction in frequency of dysplasia in
      27 breeds, a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in frequency in only 1 breed
      (German Shorthaired Pointer), and no significant change in frequency in 10
      breeds. The median significant decrease was 22.4%, and the range was from 3.1% in
      the Chesapeake Bay Retriever to 48.7% in the Keeshond. The reduction in frequency
      of hip dysplasia demonstrated the value of a control program. There were 5 breeds
      with a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in frequency of dysplasia that had
      over 5,000 evaluations from 1974 to 1984. The decreases in frequency were
      independent of changes in American Kennel Club registrations for these breeds (a
      dramatic decline in registrations for the German Shepherd Dog and Old English
      Sheepdog, and a dramatic increase for the Rottweiler, Golden Retriever, and
      Labrador Retriever). Frequency regressed linearly in the German Shepherd Dog and
      Old English Sheepdog, but regressed nonlinearly in the other 3 breeds. The
      percentage reduction in frequency from the base frequency (1966 to 1973) for
      these breeds was 17.5% for the German Shepherd Dog, 23.1% for the Old English
      Sheepdog, 9.1% for the Rottweiler, 10.1% for the Golden Retriever, and 6.8% for
      the Labrador Retriever.

PMID- 4055499
TI  - Echocardiographic detection of ventricular septal defects in large animals.
AB  - Ventricular septal defects in a foal, a 2-year-old filly, and 2 calves were
      demonstrated with M-mode and two-dimensional real-time echocardiography. The
      studies were performed with the animals unsedated, either standing or in lateral
      recumbency. Cardiac windows were located between the 4th and 7th intercostal
      spaces, approximately at the level of the olecranon. In each case, the septal
      defect was visualized high in the membranous portion of the interventricular
      septum. Defects were visualized by use of sector scanning or linear-array
      ultrasonic equipment, with transducer frequencies of 2.25 to 3.5 MHz.

PMID- 4055500
TI  - Hemangiosarcoma in the cat: retrospective evaluation of 31 surgical cases.
AB  - Hemangiosarcoma was diagnosed in 31 cats. Diagnosis was confirmed by surgical
      biopsy. Locations of the primary tumors were the abdominal cavity (15 cats), sc
      tissue (13 cats), thoracic cavity (2 cats), and nasal cavity (1 cat). Nine (60%)
      of the 15 cats with abdominal hemangiosarcoma had extrathoracic evidence of
      metastasis: this was not found in the other cats. Of the cats with tumors located
      in the sc tissue, 6 of 10 (60%) evaluated on a long-term basis had local
      recurrence of the tumor. Eleven cats were not available for follow-up evaluation,
      3 cats were euthanatized at the time of surgery, and 2 others were euthanatized
      within the first postoperative week subsequent to histologic diagnosis of
      hemangiosarcoma. Of the remaining 15 cats, 4 with abdominal hemangiosarcoma and 5
      with hemangiosarcoma of the sc tissue died at means of 22 and 44 weeks,
      respectively.

PMID- 4055501
TI  - 24-Hour urine protein/creatinine ratio in dogs with protein-losing nephropathies.
AB  - The 24-hour urine protein/creatinine (U[P/C]) ratio was examined in 19 healthy
      dogs and in 38 dogs with protein-losing nephropathies. A positive correlation
      existed between the U(P/C) ratio and the 24-hour urine protein output per
      kilogram of body weight. The U(P/C) ratio in 18 of 19 healthy dogs was less than
      0.2; one dog had a ratio of 0.38. The median U(P/C) ratio in dogs with
      glomerulonephritis (n = 26) and amyloidosis (n = 6) was 5.73 and 22.50,
      respectively. The median U(P/C) ratio in dogs with chronic interstitial nephritis
      (n = 6) was 2.89. In the presence of hypoalbuminemia (albumin less than or equal
      to 1.5 g/dl), a U/(P/C) ratio greater than 1 indicated a nephrotic syndrome.
      Severe protein-losing nephropathies (ie, severe glomerulonephritis and
      amyloidosis) were characterized by U(P/C) ratios greater than 10 and urine
      protein values exceeding 159 mg/kg/day. The 24-hour U/(P/C) may be more sensitive
      than the 24-hour urine protein output per kilogram of body weight in the
      detection of mild glomerular disease. Abnormal U(P/C) ratios were present in 5
      dogs, 2 with glomerulonephritis and 3 with chronic interstitial nephritis; that
      had normal or mildly increased 24-hour urine protein output.

PMID- 4055502
TI  - Transarticular pinning for repair of hip dislocation in the dog: a retrospective
      study of 40 cases.
AB  - Transarticular pinning was used for the repair of hip dislocation in 40 dogs. The
      mean follow-up period was 18.4 months. Satisfactory results were achieved in 80%
      of the cases. Body weight, ipsilateral femoral head fracture, and hip dysplasia
      appeared to affect long-term prognosis. The most frequent complication was pin
      breakage, but this did not affect final outcome and could be avoided by using
      pins of larger diameter. Osteonecrosis was observed in two cases.

PMID- 4055503
TI  - Abortion and early neonatal death of kids attributed to intrauterine Yersinia
      pseudotuberculosis infection.
AB  - Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was isolated from placenta and abomasal contents of
      triplet goat kids, two of which were aborted and one of which died shortly after
      birth. Necropsy findings in the kids were suppurative placentitis and suppurative
      pneumonia. The public health implications in intrauterine Yersinia infection in
      goats are discussed.

PMID- 4055504
TI  - Focal granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis in a pup.
AB  - Granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME) was diagnosed in an 8-month-old
      Maltese with signs of CNS disease. Serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G concentration was
      decreased, and CSF analysis revealed high concentrations of mononuclear WBC and
      IgG. Initial improvement of the pup's signs in association with prednisolone
      treatment and postmortem examination of CNS tissues confirmed GME. Granulomatous
      meningoencephalomyelitis occurs rarely in young dogs and the abnormal Ig
      concentrations in this pup's serum and CSF suggest that immune responses may have
      a role in the cause and/or pathogenesis of GME.

PMID- 4055505
TI  - Astrocytoma in a boar.
AB  - A 2-year-old Duroc boar was examined because of weakness, ataxia, and blindness.
      During hospitalization, fever spikes of about 41.6 C (107 F) were recorded every
      24 hours. The tentative diagnosis was a space occupying mass in the diencephalon.
      The boar's condition deteriorated rapidly, so the boar was euthanatized and
      necropsied. On the basis of gross and histopathologic findings, as well as cell
      marker-specific-staining characteristics, astrocytoma was diagnosed.

PMID- 4055506
TI  - Bradycardia associated with meningioma in a dog.
AB  - Clinical signs of bradycardia and syncope, associated with intracranial
      meningioma, were observed in a 4-year-old female Irish Setter.
      Electrocardiographic abnormalities confirming bradycardia and suggestive of
      sinoatrial arrest were demonstrated. Return to a normal heart rate and sinus
      rhythm after administration of atropine IV indicated that increased vagal tone
      was responsible for the observed abnormalities. Neither glycopyrrolate nor
      propantheline bromide therapy was successful in controlling bradycardia and
      syncope. Necropsy findings included the demonstration of a 3 X 2 X 2-cm mass on
      the ventral aspect of the right half of the brain. This mass covered half of the
      mammillary body and extended as a thick reddish brown membrane extending over the
      piriform lobe of the cerebrum, optic chiasm, and longitudinal fissure.
      Histologically, the mass was identified as a meningotheliomatous meningioma.

PMID- 4055507
TI  - Recurrent adenocarcinoma in a ferret.
AB  - A 4.5-year-old, neutered male ferret with a history of recurrent adenocarcinoma
      in the preputial region was given 2 radiation treatment courses designed to
      control the rapidly growing neoplasm. The tumor regressed completely after the
      first 3.5-week course of therapy. The ferret remained clinically disease-free for
      4 months, at which time small masses were noticed in the inguinal area and the
      original tumor site. A second course of therapy was administered, which again
      resulted in complete clinical regression of the neoplasm. However, the duration
      of remission was brief. Local recurrence and abdominal metastasis were observed
      within 2 months of the completion of therapy.

PMID- 4055508
TI  - Congenital hypotrichosis in male basset hound littermates.
AB  - Four Basset Hound littermates, each 4 weeks old, with predominantly mahogany
      coats, had congenital focal alopecia especially affecting the head and dorsal
      pelvic region. Two predominantly black-coated female littermates were clinically
      normal. Histologic diagnosis was hypotrichosis.

PMID- 4055509
TI  - What is your diagnosis? Filling defect in the ascending colon suggestive of
      inverted cecum.

PMID- 4055510
TI  - Cryptococcal antigen test.

PMID- 4055511
TI  - When the sole practitioner dies.

PMID- 4055512
TI  - When doing good can help in doing well--a case study.

PMID- 4055513
TI  - Pylorectomy and gastroduodenostomy in the dog: technique and clinical results in
      28 cases.
AB  - Pylorectomy and end-to-end gastroduodenostomy are surgical procedures that allow
      excision of abnormal pyloric tissue and provide improved gastric outflow. These
      techniques were used for the treatment of benign, malignant, and ulcerative
      conditions that were judged to be not adequately treatable with pyloromyotomies
      or pyloroplasties. End-to-end gastroduodenostomy was not much more difficult than
      a standard intestinal anastomosis; however, a thorough knowledge of the pyloric
      area anatomy was required to avoid serious surgical errors. In addition, gentle
      tissue manipulation and precise suture placement reduced the chance of iatrogenic
      pancreatitis, biliary obstruction, tissue ischemia, and/or suture line leakage.
      The results of surgery depended on the underlying disease process. Dogs with
      benign lesions such as chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy responded
      favorably to treatment. Dogs with malignant disease and perforated ulcers had low
      long-term survival rate. Pyloric adenocarcinoma was not adequately treated with
      this method alone.

PMID- 4055514
TI  - Management of acquired flexural deformity of the metacarpophalangeal joint in
      Equidae.
AB  - Fifteen horses with flexural deformity of the metacarpophalangeal joint were
      evaluated and their conditions were designated as mild, moderate, or severe.
      Evaluations were made on the basis of clinical signs and lesions seen on
      radiography. Horses with mild deformities were treated with corrective trimming
      and shoeing; those with moderate deformities were treated with desmotomy of the
      accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon and corrective shoeing.
      Desmotomies of the accessory ligaments of both deep and superficial digital
      flexor tendons were performed on horses severely affected, followed by corrective
      shoeing. In this long-term study, 4 horses with mild lesions and 4 horses with
      moderate lesions returned to useful work. None of the horses with severe disease
      responded enough to withstand strenuous athletic training.

PMID- 4055515
TI  - Malignant histiocytosis in four dogs.
AB  - The clinical and pathologic features of 4 dogs with malignant histiocytosis were
      evaluated. The most common clinical signs were weight loss, lethargy,
      lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and anemia. Neoplastic histiocytic
      infiltrates most commonly were found in the spleen, bone marrow, liver, or lymph
      nodes. Malignant histiocytosis was considered as a differential diagnosis for
      anemic dogs with lymphadenopathy and/or hepatosplenomegaly.

PMID- 4055516
TI  - Cardiac hemangiosarcoma in the dog: a review of 38 cases.
AB  - During the period 1975 to 1984, a histopathologic diagnosis of primary cardiac
      hemangiosarcoma was made in 38 dogs at Angell Memorial Animal Hospital. The
      diagnosis was confirmed by exploratory thoracotomy in 16 cases and at necropsy in
      22 cases. At the time of exploratory thoracotomy, 7 dogs were euthanatized
      because of nonresectability of the primary tumor and/or gross metastatic disease.
      In 9 dogs, the tumor was resected by removing part of the right atrium.
      Complications included atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, anemia, disseminated
      intravascular coagulation, and pneumonia. Prolonged and multiple hospitalizations
      were a common feature of the postoperative period. Adjuvant therapy was not
      utilized in any case. The mean survival time was 4 months (2 days to 8 months).

PMID- 4055517
TI  - Efficacy of testing for illegal medication in horses.
AB  - The efficacy of testing for illegal drugs in race horses was surveyed by
      evaluating 27 questionnaires received from 28 racing jurisdictions polled. Large
      variations in the number of samples tested and drugs detected were reported. Some
      jurisdictions reported only illegal medications, whereas others also reported
      permitted medications. To facilitate comparison, stimulants, depressants, local
      anesthetics, narcotic analgesics, and tranquilizers were classified as hard
      drugs. Other drugs, which are legal in some jurisdictions, were classified as
      soft. To evaluate the efficacy of testing, positive test results were compared
      for hard drugs only. Positive test results varied from zero in some jurisdictions
      for some years to 14.8/1,000 samples tested for one small jurisdiction in one
      year. The mean rates over the years 1975 to 1983 varied from 0.2 to 6.5/1,000,
      with a modal positive test result of about 1/1,000. Beside the fact that prerace
      blood testing is less effective than is postrace urine testing, no cause for
      these variations in the positive test results could be identified. The positive
      test results also were compared for jurisdictions with differing medication rules
      for phenylbutazone (PBZ). Jurisdictions that did not allow PBZ had a mean
      positive test result for hard drugs of about 1.3 +/- 0.9/1,000 samples tested.
      Jurisdictions that allowed more liberal use of PBZ had a mean positive test
      result for hard drugs of about 1.3 +/- 1.0/1,000 samples tested. Seemingly, the
      presence of PBZ in equine forensic samples did not reduce the ability of forensic
      laboratories to detect the use of hard or illegal drugs.

PMID- 4055518
TI  - Thyrotropin stimulation test--new perspective on value of monitoring
      triiodothyronine.
AB  - Thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone; TSH) stimulus to thyroid cells of
      horses and dogs resulted in increased serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations
      that were detected earlier than those of thyroxine (T4). Doubling of the base
      line T3 values in horses was detected 0.5 hours after injection of 5 IU of TSH
      IV, with peak response of 5 times base-line value detected 2 hours after
      injection. Doubling of T4 values in horses was noticed between 2 and 3 hours,
      with the peak response of 2.4 times base-line value at 4 hours after injection of
      TSH. Doubling of base-line T3 values in dogs in response to 0.2 IU TSH/kg of body
      weight (IV-5 IU maximum dose) was noticed at 1 hour, whereas T4 response doubled
      between 1.5 and 2 hours. Peak release of T3 and T4 in response to TSH in dogs had
      not developed by 4 hours; however, the percentage increase over base-line values
      was greater for T3 than T4 at early sampling time points, and this response has
      resulted in an increased T3/T4 ratio in hypothyroid dogs. Thus, in both dogs and
      horses, these studies indicated that T3 response to TSH could be used as a
      measure of thyroid function at earlier time intervals after TSH administration
      than one measures T4 response.

PMID- 4055519
TI  - Bile acid concentrations in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease in the dog.
AB  - The clinical usefulness of measuring serum bile acid concentrations as a
      diagnostic test for hepatobiliary disease, was examined in 150 dogs that were
      suspected of having hepatic disease. Serum values of total bilirubin (TB),
      alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), and albumin were also
      measured. Fasting serum bile acid (FSBA) values were determined, using a solid
      phase radioimmunoassay for total conjugated bile acids or a direct enzymatic
      spectrophotometric method. A definitive diagnosis was established by histologic
      examination of the liver. On the basis of histologic findings, dogs were assigned
      to groups (1 to 8, respectively) including: extrahepatic bile duct obstruction,
      cirrhosis, portal systemic vascular anastomosis (PSVA), hepatic necrosis,
      intrahepatic cholestasis, steroid hepatopathy, neoplasia, and secondary disease.
      Dogs in group 8 had no morphologic evidence of hepatobiliary disease or had mild
      hepatic lesions. Test efficacies of FSBA, TB, ALP, ALT, and albumin were
      expressed using 4 indices: sensitivity, specificity, and positive-predictive and
      negative-predictive values. The diagnostic efficacy of FSBA was examined alone
      and in combinations with the other tests. There was wide overlapping of FSBA
      values among dogs in groups 1 to 7, and there was wide overlapping of ALT and ALP
      values among dogs in all groups. The specificity of FSBA for the diagnosis of
      liver disease exceeded 90% at values greater than or equal to 30 mumol/L and
      reached 100% at greater than or equal to 50 mumol/L. Individual liver tests with
      the best sensitivity for each group were:FSBA and ALP for extrahepatic bile duct
      obstruction; FSBA for cirrhosis and PSVA; ALT for hepatic necrosis; and ALP for
      intrahepatic cholestasis, steroid hepatopathy, and neoplasia. Combinations of
      tests with the best sensitivity for each group were: FSBA + ALP for extrahepatic
      bile duct obstruction; FSBA + ALT for cirrhosis and PSVA; FSBA + ALT and TB + ALT
      for hepatic necrosis; and FSBA + ALP for intrahepatic cholestasis, steroid
      hepatopathy, and neoplasia. Individual tests had the best sensitivity.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4055520
TI  - Review of idiopathic feline vestibular syndrome in 75 cats.
AB  - Idiopathic feline vestibular syndrome, a peripheral vestibular deficit of unknown
      cause, was diagnosed in 75 cats at the New York State College of Veterinary
      Medicine Teaching Hospital from July 1975 to October 1984. Review of the medical
      records of these cats indicated that the syndrome was seen in more cats in July
      and August (P less than 0.001) than in other months. Clinical signs included head
      tilt, ataxia, rolling, rotatory or horizontal nystagmus, and occasional vomiting.

PMID- 4055521
TI  - Pharyngeal trauma from endotracheal intubation in a colt.
AB  - A pharyngeal performation, probably associated with endotracheal intubation,
      occurred in a healthy 4 1/2-month-old colt. Inhalation anesthesia was carried out
      for elective surgery, but acute cervical cellulitis, pleuritis, and pneumonia
      developed after the surgery. Antibacterial and supportive therapy was
      ineffective.

PMID- 4055522
TI  - Trichosporon infection in a cat.
AB  - A protruding nasal mass in a domestic shorthair cat with nasal discharge and
      recurrent fever was determined to be caused by infection with the fungus
      Trichosporon pullulans, as determined by cytologic, histologic, and fungal
      culture methods. Initially, the cat was treated orally with ketoconazole and the
      mass decreased in size. When signs of hepatotoxicosis developed, treatment was
      reduced to an alternate-day basis. However, the nasal mass increased in size with
      this regimen, and therapy with amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine was begun. It
      also was unsuccessful.

PMID- 4055523
TI  - Juvenile-onset hypothyroidism in a dog.
AB  - Juvenile-onset hypothyroidism was diagnosed in an adult mixed-breed dog examined
      because of quadraparesis. Unusual clinical signs attributable to juvenile-onset
      or congenital hypothyroidism included disproportionate dwarfism; enlarged,
      protruding tongue; mental dullness; and retention of a "puppy" coat, which was
      soft and fluffy, without guard hairs. Radiography of the vertebral column and
      long bones revealed multiple areas of delayed epiphyseal closure and epiphyseal
      dysgenesis. Myelography demonstrated several intervertebral disk protrusions in
      the cervical and lumbar regions. Hypothyroidism was confirmed on the basis of a
      low basal serum thyroxine concentration that failed to increase after the
      administration of thyroid stimulating hormone. Other laboratory abnormalities
      included nonregenerative, normocytic, normochromic anemia; mild hypercalcemia;
      and an impaired growth hormone (GH) secretory response after xylazine
      administration. At necropsy, the thyroid gland was small and weighed only 0.2g.
      Microscopic examination of the thyroid gland revealed a loss of glandular tissue,
      which was replaced by adipose tissue along its periphery. Gross or microscopic
      abnormalities were not noted in the pituitary gland, and immunohistochemical
      staining of the pituitary gland revealed a normal number of GH-containing
      acidophils. This suggests that primary hypothyroidism may result in an impaired
      secretion of growth hormone, and that pituitary dwarfism or GH deficiency may be
      difficult to differentiate from hypothyroid dwarfism on the basis of provocative
      GH testing alone.

PMID- 4055524
TI  - Pleural dialysis in the management of acute renal failure in two dogs.
AB  - Pleural dialysis, as an alternative to peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis, was
      shown in a limited number of cases to be an inexpensive and easily applied
      technique for use in dogs. It is a viable modality for the management of acute
      renal failure in dogs that have suffered an acute but reversible renal insult, in
      which volume replacement and dopamine/furosemide infusion fails to reverse the
      oliguric state.

PMID- 4055525
TI  - What is your diagnosis? Multiple ischial and pubic fractures, fractured left
      acetabulum, and bilateral sacroiliac luxations; fractured right transverse
      process of L-7, and SC intestinal loops at the level of the right ilium,
      suggesting a hernia.

PMID- 4055526
TI  - An adolescent in search of her identity.

PMID- 4055527
TI  - Activation of palmitic acid by human spermatozoa.
AB  - Human spermatozoa were studied to determine if a long chain fatty acid, CoASH
      ligase (AMP) (E.C. 6.2.1.3), was present. Ligase activity was measured with a
      radioligand millipore filter technique and was readily detectable in spermatozoa
      or in the protein fraction extracted with Triton X-100, but was not present in
      seminal plasma. The assay was optimized for pH, protein concentration, and
      incubation time. Activity was dependent upon palmitic acid, ATP, coenzyme A, and
      a divalent cation. Sperm ligase appeared similar to the ligase characterized from
      other tissues by sharing a common pH optimum (approximately 8.0-8.4), and a
      preference for magnesium over manganese in the incubation media.

PMID- 4055528
TI  - Stagnation of blood in the microvasculature of the affected and contralateral
      testes of men with short-term torsion of the spermatic cord.
AB  - Bilateral testicular biopsies from four men with a short duration (3 hours 10
      minutes to 4 hours 30 minutes) of unilateral spermatic cord torsion and
      testicular biopsies from six men with irreversible brain death were used for the
      present investigation. Extensive light and electron microscopic studies and
      quantitative analyses of all biopsy materials were performed. The torsioned
      testes revealed variable degrees of damage to the seminiferous tubules, including
      germ cell disorganization and sloughing of immature germ cells. Ninety-five
      percent of the blood vessels from the biopsied tissue specimens were clogged with
      blood cells. The seminiferous tubules of the contralateral testis had normal germ
      cell arrangements and counts. However, 88% of the microvessels from the tissue
      biopsied from the contralateral testes were packed with blood cells, whereas only
      10% of the blood vessels in the control biopsy specimen were clogged with blood
      cells. At the electron microscopic level, fewer tight junctions and enlarged
      pores were found between the endothelial cells of the affected vessels, and
      microvilli were completely absent from these endothelial cells. The clogging
      caused by blood cells in the affected vessels was so severe that no space was
      found between the membrane of the endothelial cell and the membrane of the blood
      cells. It has been suggested that local clogging by blood is responsible for the
      initiation of degenerative changes in the testes of men with unilateral torsion
      of the spermatic cord.

PMID- 4055529
TI  - Selective luminal absorption of L-carnitine from the proximal regions of the rat
      epididymis. Possible relationships to development of sperm motility.
AB  - The absorption of L-carnitine from the duct of the proximal regions of the rat
      epididymis was investigated using a stopped-flow, split-droplet microperfusion
      technique. L-carnitine was absorbed from the duct of the proximal caput
      epididymidis by a time-dependent and saturable transport system (Km = 25 micron;
      Vmax = 0.65 pmoles absorbed/min/mm3 tubular volume). Furthermore, absorption
      appeared to be primarily sodium-independent, although the existence of a minor
      sodium-dependent pathway cannot be ruled out. A similar transport system was not
      evident along the distal caput epididymidis, where absorption of L-carnitine was
      attributable to passive diffusion only. The inward and outward movement of L
      carnitine across the epithelium of the proximal and distal caput epididymidis
      appears to be regulated so that the spermatozoa come into contact with high
      levels of L-carnitine in the distal caput region.

PMID- 4055530
TI  - Rat cauda epididymal fluid is a mucus.
AB  - Immobilin, the highly viscoelastic glycoprotein isolated from rat cauda
      epididymal fluid, exhibits all of the key biochemical characteristics of a mucin:
      1) it has a very high molecular weight (will not pass through a 10(6) dalton cut
      off filter; 2) it contains 56% carbohydrate, with low or undetectable levels of
      mannose, xylose and uronic acid; 3) the carbohydrates (primarily galactose, N
      acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine) are arranged in short,
      oligosaccharide chains (4-20 monosaccharides per chain); 4) these oligosaccharide
      chains can be cleaved by NaOH in the presence of NaBH4, suggesting O-glycosidic
      linkages; and 5) the protein core is pronase-resistant. Immobilin, however,
      contains no detectable sialic acid, and 67% of the oligosaccharides are
      uncharged, indicating that immobilin is less acidic than most other mucins.

PMID- 4055531
TI  - Tuning of the auditory brainstem OFF responses is complementary to tuning of the
      auditory brainstem ON response.
AB  - Continuous masking studies show a complementary pattern of effects on the
      auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) which are generated by the onset and by the
      offset of a midfrequency tone. The masking profiles of the two responses are
      almost opposite with a probe stimulus frequency of 32 kHz (16-32 kHz is the
      midfrequency region for the CBA/J mouse). The Offset and Onset ABR tuning curves
      (TCs) also reveal very different properties at the midfrequencies of 16, 20, 24
      and 32 kHz. The Offset TC is exquisitely sensitive to masking by very low
      intensity stimuli at a narrow range of frequencies which are lower than the probe
      stimulus frequency. Continuous masking produces a well-tuned low frequency tip to
      the Offset TC. For Offset TCs generated in response to midfrequency tones, the
      Q+10 dB of this tip averages 8.3. Masking at this low frequency tip of the Offset
      TC has no observable effect on the Onset ABR. The Offset ABR is also sensitive to
      masking by a narrow range of frequencies which are higher than the probe stimulus
      frequency. This occurs at an intensity which also has no observable effect on the
      Onset ABR. The Q+10 dB of this high frequency tip averages 9.2. The average
      frequencies where these Offset TC tips occur fit the cubic difference formula
      (2f1-f2), which describes a distortion product of two-tone suppression. At low
      probe stimulus frequencies, there is only a high frequency Offset TC tip; at high
      stimulus frequencies, only a low frequency tip. The high frequency tip has a
      higher threshold and appears more susceptible to metabolic disturbance. The
      Offset ABR TC also has a peak which corresponds to the probe stimulus frequency.
      Continuous masking with the stimulus frequency produces nonmonotonic enhancement
      of the Offset ABR, while it simultaneously reduces the magnitude of the Onset
      ABR. The tuning of this Offset TC peak (measured as Q-10 dB) is almost always
      much sharper than the corresponding Onset TC tip in the same mouse. These values
      for midfrequency stimuli average 6.2 for the Onset, and 13.6 for the Offset TCs.
      This fine tuning of the Offset TC at the probe stimulus frequency occurs at SPLs
      from 50 to more than 90 dB.

PMID- 4055532
TI  - Ontogenetic changes in the position of hair cell loss after acoustic
      overstimulation in avian basilar papilla.
AB  - High intensity sound was used to produce localized hair cell damage within the
      basilar papilla of chicks at three different ages: embryonic day 20, post-hatch
      day 10 and post-hatch day 30. At each age separate groups of animals were exposed
      to broadband white noise or pure tones at 500, 1500 or 3000 Hz for 12 h at 125 dB
      SPL. Chicks were killed 10 days later. Their basilar papillae were then fixed,
      dissected free, osmicated, embedded in Epon, sectioned serially and stained. Hair
      cells were counted at 100 micron intervals throughout the length of the papilla.
      There was a systematic developmental shift in the position of damage produced by
      each of the acoustic stimuli. Broadband white noise produced damage only in the
      basal one half of the cochlea in the embryonic animals while at later ages it
      produced damage throughout the length of the papilla. Exposure with each of the
      pure tones produced a discrete area of hair cell loss. However, with each
      frequency the region of damage shifted apically as a function of the age of the
      animal at the time of sound exposure. These results suggest that the frequency
      representation along the basilar papilla is not fixed, but changes during the
      development of hearing.

PMID- 4055533
TI  - The influence of moderate-intensity noise on the compound action potential evoked
      by tone bursts in the guinea pig, Cavia porcellus.
AB  - Noise-induced changes in the compound action potential (CAP) evoked by tone
      bursts in the frequency range 0.5-24 kHz were studied in 15 pigmented guinea pigs
      by means of chronically implanted electrodes positioned near the round window.
      The animals were exposed for 120 h to continuous pink noise at the intensities
      80, 90 and 100 dB SPL. During the exposure period, all the animals exhibited an
      exponential rise in CAP threshold, leveling out after 24-72 h (asymptotic
      threshold shift, ATS). The largest threshold shifts were recorded during exposure
      to 100 dB SPL, for frequencies in the range 8-12 kHz. In the recovery phase,
      after the end of noise exposure, the threshold to tones at all frequencies tested
      fell exponentially, reaching the original level in about 72 h in all cases.

PMID- 4055534
TI  - Sound localization in wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus).
AB  - The ability of three wild Norway rats to localize sound was determined for single
      clicks and 100-ms white noise bursts. Chance level localization thresholds were
      12 degrees for clicks and 9.7 degrees for white noise. A comparison of these
      results with published localization thresholds for the domestic albino rat
      yielded no significant differences. It appears that the combined effects of
      domestication and albinism have not affected the ability of the laboratory rat to
      localize sound. Instead, the relatively poor localization acuity of these rats
      appears to be part of the normal variation in sound localization acuity found
      among different species of mammals.

PMID- 4055535
TI  - Evoked acoustic emissions and cochlear microphonics in the mustache bat,
      Pteronotus parnellii.
AB  - In the echolocating bat, Pteronotus parnellii, otoacoustic responses at a
      frequency of 62 kHz are measurable in the external ear canal during continuous
      and after transient acoustic stimulation. These responses are interpreted to
      represent emissions from the cochlea. They can reach an amplitude as large as 70
      dB SPL and occur in the frequency range most important for echolocation, namely
      on the average about 700 Hz above the constant frequency component of the
      orientation calls. A sharp maximum of the amplitude of cochlear microphonic
      potentials at about 62 kHz could be correlated with the emission frequency. In
      one bat an evoked otoacoustic response changed to a spontaneous otoacoustic
      emission. The frequency and amplitude of the evoked otoacoustic responses
      reversibly decreased after exposure for 1 min to continuous sounds of more than
      85 dB SPL with frequencies of about 2.5-7.5 kHz above the emission frequency.
      Similar effects occurred during anaesthesia or cooling. A possible relation
      between the existence of otoacoustic emissions and morphological specializations
      of the cochlea is discussed.

PMID- 4055536
TI  - Outer hair cell loss and supporting cell expansion following chronic gentamicin
      treatment.
AB  - A sequence of changes in the organ of Corti associated with the destruction of
      outer hair cells (OHCs) and their replacement by supporting cells following
      chronic gentamicin treatment has been examined using thin-sections and SEM. The
      progression of change of OHCs was matched by concomitant expansion of adjacent
      supporting cells. Hair cells ruptured in the lateral membrane. The apical
      fragment was retained in the reticular lamina and became surrounded basally by
      the expanded supporting cells. No large breaches at the surface of the organ of
      Corti were formed. Rather, it appeared that the tight junctions around the hair
      cell were maintained until junctions were established between newly adjacent
      supporting cells in the space once occupied by the hair cell body. Only then was
      the OHC apex disrupted and the debris released into the sub-tectorial space. Some
      features of the OHC degeneration process were reminiscent of the controlled,
      cellular self-destruction phenomenon of apoptosis. The results suggest the
      possibility that the processes of hair cell loss and replacement may be
      controlled enabling maintenance of permeability barriers during structural
      reorganisation.

PMID- 4055537
TI  - Origin of afferents to physiologically defined regions of the medial geniculate
      body of the cat: ventral and dorsal divisions.
AB  - To study the origin of afferents to the medial geniculate body (MGB), single unit
      recordings were first conducted to define physiologically a given region in this
      auditory thalamic nucleus. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was then injected
      extracellularly, in order to label retrogradely the neurons whose axon terminals
      end in this region. The principal inputs to the MGB are coming from various
      nuclei of the brain stem, the auditory cortex and the reticular complex of the
      thalamus. The ventral division receives its cortical inputs principally from the
      primary (AI) and the posterior (PAF) auditory cortical fields, with a
      quantitatively smaller contribution of the secondary (AII) and anterior (AAF)
      cortical fields. On the other hand, the dorsal division receives a majority of
      its cortical inputs from AII, with a less important contribution of AI and PAF.
      The auditory cortex sends roughly as many axons to these two divisions as does
      the brain stem, mainly the inferior colliculus (IC). The analysis of ascending
      inputs to the same regions of the MGB reveals that, on the average, 88%, 7% and
      5% of them are coming from the ipsilateral IC, the contralateral IC and other
      nuclei of the brain stem, respectively.

PMID- 4055538
TI  - Characteristics of some unclassifiable strains of staphylococci isolated from
      goats and sheep.
AB  - Fourteen strains of catalase-positive, Gram-positive and coagulase-negative cocci
      that were sensitive to 20 micrograms/ml of furazolidone were isolated from goats
      and sheep. Two of the strains had glycerol with glucose teichoic acids whilst
      another possessed glycerol, glucose, glucosamine and acetylglucosamine teichoic
      acids. Six strains had peptidoglycan type L-Lys-Ala-Gly4 peculiar to
      Staphylococcus sciuri and Staph. lentus but other phenotypic characters were
      different from those of Staph. sciuri and Staph. lentus. The guanine plus
      cytosine (G + C) content of the DNA determined for three of the strains examined
      ranged from 32.9-34.6 mol %. The coagulase-positive staphylococcal strain of
      caprine origin examined had glycerol and glucosamine teichoic acids in addition
      to peptidoglycan type L-Lys-Gly5-6. The characteristics of the strains of
      staphylococci described herein are different from those already described in the
      literature.

PMID- 4055539
TI  - Antibiotics for expeditions.

PMID- 4055540
TI  - Newer mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in gram-negative
      bacteria.

PMID- 4055541
TI  - WIN 51711, a new systematically active broad-spectrum antipicornavirus agent.

PMID- 4055542
TI  - Effects of clindamycin in combination with rifampicin on clindamycin-susceptible
      and clindamycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - The effects of the combination of clindamycin and rifampicin against 21 strains
      of clindamycin-susceptible and 19 strains of clindamycin-resistant Staphylococcus
      aureus were studied by the time-kill method. For the clindamycin-susceptible
      strains, clindamycin prevented the re-growth of Staph. aureus in the presence of
      rifampicin. For the clindamycin-resistant Staph. aureus strains, indifference was
      demonstrated against the majority of strains, with only a few strains showing
      synergism or antagonism.

PMID- 4055544
TI  - The penetration of ceftriaxone into synovial fluid of the inflamed joint.
AB  - Fifteen patients with acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis each received a
      1 g bolus intravenous injection of ceftriaxone. Serum and synovial fluid was
      sampled at intervals between 1 h and 24 h later and assayed for ceftriaxone.
      Synovial fluid leucocyte counts and albumin content were measured concomitantly.
      Detectable levels of ceftriaxone were found in synovial fluid and serum 24 h
      after injection. Synovial fluid ceftriaxone concentration ranged between 66% and
      100% of the concomitant serum levels. No correlation was observed between
      synovial fluid ceftriaxone concentration and synovial fluid leucocyte count and
      albumin concentration.

PMID- 4055543
TI  - Oral cefuroxime axetil: clinical pharmacology and comparative dose studies in
      urinary tract infection.
AB  - Cefuroxime axetil, an orally absorbed pro-drug of cefuroxime was used to treat a
      mainly elderly group of patients with symptomatic urinary tract infections. The
      drug was clinically effective and the bacteriological short term and long term
      cure rates (55% and 48% respectively) comparable to those of other antibiotics.
      The study had to be terminated however after the development of three cases of
      antibiotic associated colitis. Studies of the pharmacokinetics of the drug in
      volunteers gave inconsistent results suggesting that there may be variable
      bioavailability of the compound.

PMID- 4055545
TI  - A comparison of oral cefuroxime axetil and oral amoxycillin in lower respiratory
      tract infections.
AB  - We assessed oral cefuroxime axetil in an open study of 30 patients with lower
      respiratory tract infection and then compared oral cefuroxime with oral
      amoxycillin in a randomized double blind study in a further 40 patients.
      Satisfactory clinical responses were obtained in 73% of patients receiving
      cefuroxime axetil 500 mg tid in the open study, and in the comparative study in
      71% of patients receiving cefuroxime axetil 500 mg bd, in 60% of patients
      receiving cefuroxime axetil 500 mg tid and in 63% of patients receiving
      amoxycillin 500 mg tid. There were no significant differences in response rates
      between the three regimens in the comparative study. There were no important
      adverse effects in any of the patients. Oral cefuroxime axetil is safe and
      effective in the therapy of lower respiratory tract infections.

PMID- 4055546
TI  - Leucopenia in rifampicin chemotherapy.

PMID- 4055547
TI  - Intraphagocytic penetration of macrolides: in-vivo comparison of erythromycin and
      spiramycin.

PMID- 4055548
TI  - Effects of erythromycin on gastrointestinal tract motility.

PMID- 4055549
TI  - Susceptibility of mycoplasmas and chlamydiae to macrolides.

PMID- 4055550
TI  - The penetration of macrolides into bronchial secretions.
AB  - Macrolides have shown efficacy in the treatment of a large range of respiratory
      infections. These antibiotics are well tolerated, have a narrow antibacterial
      spectrum, and excellent diffusion properties. We have studied the penetration
      into bronchial secretions of three macrolides, erythromycin, josamycin and
      oleandomycin. The bronchial concentrations of erythromycin reached an average of
      1 mg/l 2 h after oral administration of 1 g; they were lower for josamycin (0.52
      mg/l) but the ratio between bronchial and simultaneous serum concentrations was
      similar for both drugs. Bronchial levels of oleandomycin were rapidly higher than
      the serum levels, reaching 3 to 4 mg/l, a ratio of more than 100%. Other studies
      on tissue concentrations of erythromycin and josamycin showed local levels of 4
      to 6 mg/l, whereas in bronchial secretions the concentrations were identical to
      those measured in our study. On the whole, the good diffusion of macrolides into
      respiratory tissues and secretions as well as in-vitro antibacterial activity
      against most species responsible for respiratory infections confirm their
      indication in the treatment of these infections.

PMID- 4055551
TI  - Components of the macrolide binding site on the ribosome.
AB  - Carbomycin A, niddamycin and tylosin, macrolide antibiotics that inhibit
      ribosomal activity, have alpha-beta unsaturated ketone groups in their structure
      that make them photoreactive. These drugs can also take part in thermic
      reactions, probably through an addition mechanism to the double bond. Given of
      the photoactivity and thermic reactivity of their molecules, affinity labeling of
      the macrolide binding site on the ribosome has been performed using radioactive
      derivatives of these drugs. After either irradiating or incubating samples
      containing antibiotics and ribosomal particles, radioactivity appears covalent
      associated to the proteins. Ribosomal protein L27 is the major labeled component,
      indicating that this polypeptide, which seems to be part of the peptidyl
      transferase centre of the ribosome, also plays an important role on the macrolide
      binding site.

PMID- 4055552
TI  - Applications of monoclonal antibodies in solid-phase immunoassays of human
      luteinizing hormone.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies to human luteinizing hormone (hLH) were generated by a
      modified hybridoma technique. Out of forty hybrid cell lines that were shown to
      secrete antibodies reacting with hLH, LH35 and LH40 were further characterized
      biochemically and immunologically. LH35 was found to secrete immunoglobulin G1
      antibody specific to the alpha-subunit of LH, whereas that of LH40 was beta
      subunit specific. Association constants between the antibodies and LH were
      determined to be 2 X 10(8) and 1 X 10(9) M-1, respectively, by using competitive
      radioimmunoassay and Scatchard plots. Monoclonal antibodies from LH35 and LH40
      were purified from the respective ascites fluids by ammonium sulfate
      fractionations and DEAE ion-exchange chromatography. The purified alpha-subunit
      specific antibody of LH35 was immobilized on polystyrene balls (6 mm in
      diameter), whereas purified LH40 antibody was conjugated with horseradish
      peroxidase or labeled with iodine-125. Solid-phase radio- and enzyme immunoassays
      were designed to measure relatively low concentrations of LH (2-100 mIU/ml). The
      LH surge during the midcycles of women with normal menstrual cycles could easily
      be detected from daily urine or serum specimens by a 1-h assay procedure. It is
      proposed that this new LH immunoassay procedure can be routinely used for
      predicting ovulation of women with normal menstrual cycles.

PMID- 4055553
TI  - Calorimetric and potentiometric studies on the binding of calcium by phytic acid.
AB  - Potentiometric as well as thermal titrations of phytic acid and its calcium
      complexes have been conducted using both the batch and titration
      microcalorimeters. For phytic acid, the experimental values by either method are
      in excellent agreement. For the calcium complexes, the total number of groups and
      the total heat evolved are in agreement but the placement of the curves is
      different due primarily to the differences in calcium concentration. Binding of
      calcium by phytic acid is endothermic for the pH range 2.0-12.0 while the heat of
      dilution of 1 M CaCl2 is exothermic. The binding at pH greater than 11 gives a
      value of 22.5 +/- 0.9 kcal mol-1. The same enthalpy of binding (22.3 +/- 0.6 kcal
      mol-1) could be calculated for the entire pH range studied which requires a
      knowledge of the observed heat of binding, the thermal titration curves of the
      acid and its calcium complex, and the change in the hydrogen ion environment.
      Inspection of the thermal binding curves at pH greater than 11 indicates that a
      number of step-binding constants are involved and that 5.2 mol calcium are
      bound/mole phytic acid. This value has been confirmed by atomic absorption
      spectroscopy. Both the thermal and the potentiometric curves are reversible
      either by the instantaneous injection of acid or base or by continuous titration.
      Values for the ionization constants (as pK') and the enthalpy of ionization (as
      delta Hi) have been estimated by computer assisted curve fitting.

PMID- 4055554
TI  - Purification and properties of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Bacillus
      stearothermophilus.
AB  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glucose-6-phosphate: NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase,
      EC 1.1.1.49) from the thermophilic bacteria, Bacillus stearothermophilus, was
      purified and its properties were examined. The enzyme was shown to consist of
      four identical subunits, each of about Mr 50,000. This enzyme utilized both NADP+
      and NAD+ as cofactors, and the maximum velocity for both cofactors was similar.
      However, the Km values were quite different from each other, being 0.016 and 1.64
      mM for NADP+ and NAD+, respectively. From the analysis of sulfhydryl groups it
      was shown that there is one sulfhydryl group and one disulfide bridge per
      subunit. This sulfhydryl group had no reactivity with 5,5'-dithiobis(2
      nitrobenzoic acid) in the absence of guanidine hydrochloride. The enzyme showed a
      remarkable thermostability as well as storage stability.

PMID- 4055555
TI  - Serum lipid peroxide levels in rats with inherited cataracts.
AB  - In a new strain of rat with inherited cataracts, a postnatal increase in serum
      lipid peroxide level was observed. It reached the maximum on the 13th day after
      birth. This seems to be a reflection of the increased lipid peroxides in the
      liver. In accordance with the increase in serum lipid peroxide level, the
      occurrence of vacuoles in the subcapsular fibers of the posterior region of the
      lens was observed by electron microscopy, suggesting a relationship between the
      increase in serum lipid peroxides and the provocation of cataract formation.

PMID- 4055556
TI  - New method of respiratory gas analysis: light spectrometer.
AB  - A multigas concentration analyzer particularly suited for respiratory gas
      analysis has been developed using a new principle based on the measurement of the
      intensity of light emitted by excited atoms or ions in a direct current glow
      discharge. This glow discharge spectral emission gas analyzer (GDSEA), or light
      spectrometer, simultaneously measures O2, N2, CO2, He, and N2O gas concentrations
      with a 0-90% response time of 100 ms and a sample rate of less than 20 ml/min in
      a short gas sample line configuration. Mole accuracy and resolution of the GDSEA
      using a short sample line were determined in the laboratory to be +/- 0.15 to +/-
      0.7% and 0.02-0.05%, respectively. In the clinical setting a comparative
      evaluation was made with a mass spectrometer in a long sample line, computerized,
      multibed, respiratory monitoring system. Results indicate a close agreement
      between the two instruments with differences in mixed inspiratory or expiratory
      O2 and CO2 concentrations of less than 2% and of derived variables, such as O2
      consumption, CO2 production, and respiratory exchange ratio, of less than 5%.

PMID- 4055557
TI  - Accurate measurement of N2 volumes during N2 washout requires dynamic adjustment
      of delay time.
AB  - Measurement of respiratory gas composition by a mass spectrometer lags behind the
      measurement of gas flow. To obtain specific gas volumes (e.g., the N2 volume) by
      multiplication and integration of concentration and flow, one has to synchronize
      flow and concentration signals using the delay time (TD) of the gas analyzer.
      During the N2 washout, however, gas composition changes and causes alterations of
      TD. This leads to errors of up to 17 and 70% in the measurement of pulmonary
      volume and series dead space, respectively, in an ideally mixing physical model
      of the lung. On the basis of Poiseuille's law and exact measurements of the
      characteristics of the capillary it is possible to adjust the synchronization,
      which improves the absolute accuracy considerably.

PMID- 4055558
TI  - X-ray TV system for measuring microcirculation in small pulmonary vessels.
AB  - We developed a new system that consists of 1) a specially designed X-ray
      apparatus, 2) an X-ray-sensitive 1-in. Vidicon camera, and 3) a digital image
      processing device. The picture element is approximately 20 micron in size, and
      the time required for one frame is 1/30 s. Using this system, we measured the
      internal diameter (ID), the cross-sectional area, flow velocity, volume flow, and
      transit time of small pulmonary vessels of approximately 100-500 micron at
      control and with serotonin in anesthetized cats. Flow velocity and volume flow
      from large [458 +/- 22 (SE) micron] to small (340 +/- 32 micron) arteries were
      5.4 +/- 0.4 cm/s and 0.53 +/- 0.06 ml/min, respectively. Transit times of the
      contrast medium from large to small arteries (Ta) and to large veins (Tv) were
      0.68 +/- 0.04 and 3.71 +/- 0.25 s, respectively. Serotonin injection (20-30
      micrograms/kg iv) decreased ID, flow velocity, and volume flow of arteries by 8
      48, 32, and 76%, respectively, whereas Ta and Tv increased by 91 and 69%,
      respectively. The system can provide useful information regarding the local
      circulation in the lung.

PMID- 4055559
TI  - Genesis of rhythmic respiratory activity in pons independent of medulla.
AB  - We hypothesized that rhythmic respiratory-related activity could be generated in
      pons independent of medullary mechanisms. In decerebrate, cerebellectomized,
      vagotomized, paralyzed, and ventilated cats, we recorded efferent activities of
      the phrenic nerve and mylohyoid branch of the trigeminal nerve. Following
      transections of the brain stem at the pontomedullary junction, the phrenic and
      trigeminal nerves discharged with independent rhythms. Spontaneous trigeminal
      discharges eventually ceased but were reestablished after strychnine, doxapram,
      and/or protriptyline were administered. In some animals having no spontaneous
      trigeminal discharges after transection, these discharges appeared, with a rhythm
      different from the phrenic, following administration of these agents. In other
      cats having no transections between pons and medulla, these pharmacological
      agents induced trigeminal and phrenic discharges after kainic acid had been
      injected into the entire dorsal and ventral medullary respiratory nuclei. Phrenic
      and trigeminal discharges were linked, indicating survival of bulbospinal neurons
      or presence of pontospinal units. We conclude that rhythms, similar to
      respiratory rhythm, can occur by mechanisms in isolated pons. Such mechanisms are
      hypothesized to be within the pneumotaxic center and may underlie the
      neurogenesis of eupnea.

PMID- 4055560
TI  - Correlation between plasma fibronectin level and experimental rat heat stress
      mortality.
AB  - Reticuloendothelial system (RES) clearance function correlates with the mortality
      rate associated with stresses that can induce shock. Likewise, experimental rat
      heat stress (ERHS) mortality rate is altered by modulation of RES function. Since
      plasma fibronectin (PF) in many instances appears to mediate in vivo phagocytosis
      by the RES, the relationship between mean plasma fibronectin level (MPFL) and
      ERHS mortality was examined. A comparison of MPFLs prior to ERHS revealed that
      rats which ultimately comprised the survival group had a MPFL of 269.0 +/- 11.2
      micrograms/ml, whereas that of the nonsurvivors was 252.9 +/- 11.9 micrograms/ml.
      Both groups had elevated MPFLs up to 12 h following ERHS. However, after this
      time, MPFL began to decline. The decline was more severe for the nonsurvivors,
      with MPFLs at 15, 18, and 20.3 h significantly (P less than 0.01) lower than the
      values for the survival group. Even the lowest MPFL (256.0 +/- 30.7
      micrograms/ml) noted for the survival group was still significantly (P less than
      0.01) higher than the value (159.3 +/- 13.3 micrograms/ml) determined for agonal
      samples collected from nonsurvivors. Furthermore, grouping rats according to
      their preheat PF level demonstrated that rats with levels exceeding 300
      micrograms/ml had significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced mortality rates (12.5
      vs. 51.3%) compared with rats with levels below this value. It was concluded that
      elevated PF levels prior to ERHS correlated with thermotolerance.

PMID- 4055561
TI  - Delayed onset muscle soreness following repeated bouts of downhill running.
AB  - Perceived muscle soreness ratings, serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, and
      myoglobin levels were assessed in three groups of subjects following two 30-min
      exercise bouts of downhill running (-10 degrees slope). The two bouts were
      separated by 3, 6, and 9 wk for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Criterion
      measures were obtained pre- and 6, 18, and 42 h postexercise. On bout 1 the three
      groups reported maximal soreness at 42 h postexercise. Also, relative increases
      in CK for groups 1, 2, and 3 were 340, 272, and 286%, respectively. Corresponding
      values for myoglobin were 432, 749, and 407%. When the same exercise was
      repeated, significantly less soreness was reported and smaller increases in CK
      and myoglobin were found for groups 1 and 2. For example, the percent CK
      increases on bout 2 for groups 1 and 2 were 63 and 62, respectively. Group 3
      demonstrated no significant difference in soreness ratings, CK activities, or
      myoglobin levels between bouts 1 and 2. It was concluded that performance of a
      single exercise bout had a prophylactic effect on the generation of muscle
      soreness and serum protein responses that lasts up to 6 wk.

PMID- 4055562
TI  - Airway protective and abdominal expulsive mechanisms in infantile regurgitation.
AB  - To define the expulsive and airway protective mechanisms involved in infantile
      regurgitation, we studied 15 infants (9 premature and 6 mature infants) with
      histories of frequent postfeeding regurgitation. In 13 infants we recorded
      pharyngeal pressure, pH, nasal and oral airflow, and abdominal respiratory
      movements. In two additional infants we recorded gastric pressure. In eight
      infants observations were made without intrapharyngeal recording devices.
      Distinctive abdominal regurgitation movements (RMs) immediately preceded 84% of
      regurgitation episodes. These RMs were characterized by one or more large brief
      increases in abdominal girth. In the two infants with gastric pressure
      recordings, large increases in gastric pressure, with duration and frequency
      characteristics similar to the RMs, immediately preceded regurgitation episodes.
      Thus, in contrast to the generally accepted concept that flow of gastric contents
      out of the stomach is passive during infantile regurgitation, we documented an
      active expulsive mechanism similar to that of vomiting in the adult. In all
      regurgitation episodes, upper airway closure occurred at the onset of the
      regurgitation movement. One or more swallows occurred immediately following RMs
      and prior to airway reopening in 97% of regurgitation episodes. Brief respiratory
      pauses occurred during regurgitation in all premature infants and occasionally in
      mature infants. Nasal regurgitation, coughing, and sneezing occasionally
      accompanied regurgitation episodes. Thus upper airway closure and swallowing
      prior to airway reopening were the most frequently observed airway protective
      mechanisms during regurgitation. Brief respiratory pauses, sneezing, and coughing
      may be secondary airway protective mechanisms. Nasal regurgitation likely
      represents immaturity of airway protective mechanisms.

PMID- 4055563
TI  - Volume-time profile during relaxed expiration in the normal dog.
AB  - Airway opening pressure, esophageal pressure, and flow were obtained during
      relaxed expirations in two normal anesthetized paralyzed dogs. The signal-to
      noise ratio in the flow signals was greatly increased by averaging 10 different
      signals obtained with the same lung inflation volume. Numerical integration of an
      averaged flow signal then yielded the time course of the volume of the
      respiratory system above functional residual capacity (the elastic equilibrium
      volume). Comparison of volume signals obtained with different inflation volumes
      suggests that the resistance of the respiratory system increases with flow. The
      flow-volume and semilog volume curves show that expiration is induced by two
      apparently separate mechanisms: one causes emptying of most of the expired volume
      over a time interval of much less than 1 s, whereas the other contributes a
      relatively small amount to the expired volume over a significantly longer time
      (greater than or equal to 1 s). We postulate the first mechanism to be due to
      that of the respiratory system behaving like a single unit, with an elastance
      that is slightly volume dependent, emptying through a single airway which has a
      resistance that increases with flow. From the nature of airway opening pressure
      and esophageal pressure measured after occlusion in midexpiration, we conclude
      that the second mechanism is due to the viscoelastic properties (i.e., creep) of
      the respiratory system. The properties are manifest mainly in the chest wall.

PMID- 4055564
TI  - Role of hemoglobin P50 in O2 transport during normoxic and hypoxic exercise in
      the dog.
AB  - High hemoglobin affinity for O2 [low PO2 at 50% saturation of hemoglobin (P50)]
      could degrade exercise performance in normoxia by lowering mean tissue PO2 but
      could enhance O2 transport in hypoxic exercise by increasing arterial O2
      saturation. We measured O2 transport at rest and at graded levels of steady-state
      exercise in tracheostomized dogs with normal P50 (28.8 +/- 1.8 Torr) and again
      after P50 was lowered (19.5 +/- 0.7 Torr) by sodium cyanate infusions.
      Measurements were made during ventilation with room air (RA), 12% O2 in N2, or
      10% O2 in N2. Cardiac output (QT) as a function of O2 consumption (VO2) was not
      altered by low P50 at any inspired O2 fraction (P greater than 0.05). With RA
      exercise, arterial content (CaO2) and O2 delivery (QT X CaO2) were unchanged at
      low P50, whereas mixed venous PO2 was reduced at each level of VO2. With exercise
      in hypoxia, CaO2 and O2 delivery were significantly improved at low P50 (P less
      than 0.05). Mixed venous PO2 was lower than control during 12% O2 (P less than
      0.05) but not different from control during 10% O2 exercise at low P50. Despite a
      presumed decrease in tissue PO2 during RA and 12% O2 exercise, exercise
      performance and base excess decline were not significantly worse than control
      levels. We conclude that, in canine steady-state exercise, hemoglobin P50 is not
      an important determinant of tissue O2-extraction capacity during normoxia or
      moderate hypoxia. In extreme hypoxia, low P50 may help to maintain tissue PO2 by
      enhancing systemic O2 delivery at each level of QT.

PMID- 4055565
TI  - Exercise hyperthermia as a factor limiting physical performance: temperature
      effect on muscle metabolism.
AB  - The muscle contents of high-energy phosphates and their derivatives [ATP, ADP,
      AMP, creatine phosphate (CrP), and creatine], glycogen, some glycolytic
      intermediates, pyruvate, and lactate were compared in 11 dogs performing
      prolonged heavy exercise until exhaustion (at ambient temperature 20.0 +/- 1.0
      degrees C) without and with trunk cooling using ice packs. Without cooling, dogs
      were able to run for 57 +/- 8 min, and their rectal (Tre) and muscle (Tm)
      temperatures increased to 41.8 +/- 0.2 and 43.0 +/- 0.2 degrees C, respectively.
      Compared with noncooling, duration of exercise with cooling was longer by
      approximately 45% while Tre and Tm at the time corresponding to the end of
      exercise without cooling were lower by 1.1 +/- 0.2 and 1.2 +/- 0.2 degrees C,
      respectively. The muscle contents of high-energy phosphates (ATP + CrP) decreased
      less, the rate of glycogen depletion was lower, and the increases in the contents
      of AMP, pyruvate, and lactate as well as in the muscle-to-blood lactate ratio
      were smaller. The muscle content of lactate was positively correlated with Tm.
      The data indicate that with higher body temperature equilibrium between high
      energy phosphate breakdown and resynthesis was shifted to the lower values of ATP
      and CrP and glycolysis was accelerated. The results suggest that hyperthermia
      developing during prolonged muscular work exerts an adverse effect on muscle
      metabolism that may be relevant to limitation of endurance.

PMID- 4055566
TI  - Obesity alters regional ventilation in lateral decubitus position.
AB  - Alterations of regional ventilation were determined as a function of body
      position in five morbidly obese subjects using 81mKr to assess ventilation (V)
      and 127Xe at equilibrium to determine lung volume (V). With subjects in seated
      and supine positions, the left lung contributed an average of 43% of the total
      V/V. When the apical-basal gradient within each lung was examined in subjects in
      the seated position, V/V was greatest in the dependent (basal) regions in half of
      the subjects, whereas the others showed greater V/V near the upper lung regions.
      All obese subjects preferentially ventilated the nondependent lung in both the
      left and right lateral decubitus positions. In a control group of three nonobese
      subjects, V/V was found to be equally distributed between left and right lungs in
      both the seated and supine positions. In contrast with the results in the obese
      group, V/V was slightly greater in the dependent lung in both lateral decubitus
      positions. Although the combination of 127Xe images and He-dilution measurement
      of functional residual capacity in the lateral decubitus positions indicated a
      reduction in the volume of the dependent lung of the obese when compared with
      values in the seated position, other factors affecting the mechanical function of
      either the diaphragm or the intercostal muscles could also have produced these
      positional alterations of ventilation.

PMID- 4055567
TI  - Bronchoconstriction in asthmatics exposed to sulfur dioxide during repeated
      exercise.
AB  - Young male volunteers with mild asthma and hypersensitivity to methacholine were
      exposed for 75 min with natural breathing to 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 ppm SO2.
      Each exposure included three 10-min periods of moderate treadmill exercise
      (minute ventilation 21 l . m-2 . min-1, O2 consumption 25 ml . kg-1, and heart
      rate 120/min). Specific airway resistance (sRaw) was not significantly increased
      after exercise in 0.25 ppm SO2, relative to the control exposure (clean air). In
      0.5 and 1.0 ppm SO2, sRaw was increased twofold and threefold above preexposure
      levels, respectively, corresponding to increases of 3.2 and 9.2 cmH2O . s in
      excess over the increases seen in clean air (P less than 0.001). There was a
      broad range of responses to exercise and SO2. The increases in sRaw after the
      second and third exercises were significantly less than after the first exercise.
      Respiratory impedance measured by forced random noise suggests that the induced
      bronchoconstriction was primarily associated with peripheral airways. These
      results confirm that mild asthmatics selected for methacholine sensitivity have
      as a group significant bronchoconstriction in response to short-term moderate
      exercise with natural breathing in 1.0 and 0.5 ppm SO2. In addition, the induced
      bronchoconstriction is decreased after short-term repeated exercise in SO2.

PMID- 4055568
TI  - Control of exercise hyperpnea during hypercapnia in humans.
AB  - Previous studies have yielded conflicting results on the ventilatory response to
      CO2 during muscular exercise. To obviate possible experimental errors
      contributing to such variability, we have examined the CO2-exercise interaction
      in terms of the ventilatory response to exercise under conditions of controlled
      hypercapnia. Eight healthy male volunteers underwent a sequence of 5-min
      incremental treadmill exercise runs from rest up to a maximum CO2 output (VCO2)
      of approximately 1.5 l . min-1 in four successive steps. The arterial PCO2
      (PaCO2) at rest was stabilized at the control level or up to 14 Torr above
      control by adding 0-6% CO2 to the inspired air. Arterial isocapnia (SD = 1.2
      Torr) throughout each exercise run was maintained by continual adjustment of the
      inspired PCO2. At all PaCO2 levels the response in total ventilation (VE) was
      linearly related to exercise VCO2. Hypercapnia resulted in corresponding
      increases in both the slope (S) and zero intercept (V0) of the VE-VCO2 curve;
      these being directly proportional to the rise in PaCO2 (means +/- SE: delta S/
      delta PaCO2, 2.73 +/- 0.28 Torr-1; delta V0/ delta PaCO2, 1.67 +/- 0.18 l . min-1
      . Torr-1). Thus the ventilatory response to concomitant hypercapnia and exercise
      was characterized by a synergistic (additive plus multiplicative) effect,
      suggesting a positive interaction between these stimuli. The increased exercise
      sensitivity in hypercapnia is qualitatively consistent with the hypothesis that
      VE is controlled to minimize the conflicting challenges due to chemical drive and
      the mechanical work of breathing (Poon, C. S. In: Modelling and Control of
      Breathing, New York: Elsevier, 1983, p. 189-196).

PMID- 4055569
TI  - Role of hilar nerve afferents in hyperpnea of exercise.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine the role of hilar nerve (lung vagal)
      afferents in the hyperpnea of exercise. Ten ponies were studied before and 2-4 wk
      and 3-12 mo after sectioning only the hilar branches of the vagus nerves (HND).
      After HND, lung volume feedback to the medullary centers was attenuated as
      indicated in the anesthetized state by 1) attenuation or absence of the Hering
      Breuer inflation reflex (P less than 0.01) and 2) attenuation of the lengthened
      inspiratory time (TI) when the airway was occluded at end expiration (P less than
      0.01). Moreover, after HND in the awake state, there was an increase in the ratio
      of TI to total cycle time (P less than 0.01). These changes verify a compromise
      in lung innervation comparable to cervical vagotomy. Resting arterial PCO2, PO2,
      and pH were not altered following HND (P greater than 0.10). Moreover, at three
      levels of mild and moderate treadmill exercise, no difference in either the
      temporal pattern or the absolute levels of arterial blood gases and arterial pH
      was found between pre- and post-HND studies (P greater than 0.10). In addition,
      minute ventilation (VE) at rest and during exercise was not altered by HND (P
      greater than 0.10). However, 2-4 wk after HND the increase in breathing frequency
      (f) during exercise was less, whereas the increase in tidal volume during
      exercise was greater than pre-HND (P less than 0.05). The reduced f was due to an
      increase in TI with no change in expiratory time. We conclude that lung afferents
      via the hilar nerves influence the pattern of breathing at rest and during
      exercise in ponies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4055570
TI  - Haloperidol-induced suppression of carotid chemoreception in vitro.
AB  - Effects of antagonism of endogenous dopamine with haloperidol on single-unit
      frequency, interspike interval distribution, and interval serial dependency of
      the cat sinus nerve were tested using an in vitro carotid body-sinus nerve
      superfusion technique. A dose dependency of inhibition by haloperidol (0.05-2.0
      microgram/ml) was observed. Superfusion with 1-2 microgram/ml haloperidol
      significantly reduced frequency within 5 min (P less than 0.05) and caused a
      complete cessation of firing within 25 min in 5 of 10 chemoreceptor units.
      Frequency recovered to control during drug washout. Acetylcholine (10
      micrograms/ml superfusion or 500-micrograms bolus) increased sinus nerve activity
      under control conditions but not during superfusion with haloperidol. No effect
      of haloperidol on impulse serial dependency was detected. However, interval
      distribution was significantly altered by haloperidol in five of six
      chemoreceptor units. Our results suggest an excitatory role for dopamine in
      carotid chemoreception.

PMID- 4055571
TI  - Relation between electromyogram and force in fatigue.
AB  - The relationship between the surface electromyogram (SEMG) and force was examined
      during maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Isometric MVC of elbow flexors were
      studied in 18 subjects who performed 27 trials, each consisting of six MVCs
      lasting 45 s at intervals of 30 s. There was a decrease in the median frequency
      (Fm) of the SEMG and of the compound action potentials (CAP) during MVC. The CAPs
      demonstrated that the fall in Fm was associated with a proportional increase in
      signal power, whereas CAP amplitude did not decrease, indicating intact
      neuromuscular transmission. The SEMG root-mean-square amplitude remained fairly
      constant, progressively deviating from force with time of contraction (r = 0.40).
      When SEMG amplitude was corrected for the Fm change, it tracked force more
      closely (r = 0.68), indicating a fall in motoneuron drive during MVC. The
      corrected SEMG was used to calculate the change in the generalized firing rate of
      motoneurons. The firing rate decreased 60% in the first and sixth contractions,
      tracked force closely, and corresponded to the firing rate fall seen in late
      adaptation of motoneurons (r = 0.90, P less than 0.001).

PMID- 4055572
TI  - Effect of voluntary exercise on longevity of rats.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to obtain information regarding the effects of
      exercise on longevity in rats. The exercise used was voluntary activity wheel
      running. The runners gradually decreased their running from approximately 4 to
      approximately 1 mile/day as they aged from 9 to 30 mo. The runners lived slightly
      but significantly longer than sedentary freely eating controls and sedentary pair
      fed controls (1,012 +/- 138 vs. 923 +/- 160 and 928 +/- 186 days) but
      significantly less long than food-restricted paired-weight sedentary controls
      (1,113 +/- 150 days). Although the exercise improved survival, it did not result
      in an extension of life-span. In contrast, the food-restricted paired-weight
      sedentary rats showed a true increase in life-span. The paired-weight rats also
      had a significantly reduced incidence of malignancies compared with the other
      three groups. However, there was no significant difference between the runners
      and the freely eating or pair-fed sedentary controls in the cause of death. These
      results provide evidence that exercise improves survival but does not result in
      an extension of life-span in rats.

PMID- 4055573
TI  - Convection- and diffusion-dependent ventilation maldistribution in normal
      subjects.
AB  - We performed multiple-breath N2 washouts (MBNW) with tidal volumes of 1 liter at
      8-16 breaths/min and constant flow rates in six normal subjects. For each breath
      we computed the slope of the alveolar plateau, normalized by the mean expired N2
      concentration (Sn), the Bohr dead space (VDB), an index analogous to the Fowler
      dead space (V50), and the normalized slope of phase II (S2). In four subjects
      helium (He) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) were washed out after equilibration
      with a 5% gas mixture of each tracer. The Sn for He and SF6 increased in
      consecutive breaths, but the difference (delta Sn) increased only over the first
      five breaths, remaining constant thereafter. In all six subjects Sn, VDB, and V50
      increased progressively in consecutive breaths of the MBNW, the increase in Sn
      being the greatest, approximately 290% from the first to the 23-25th breath. In
      contrast, S2 was unchanged initially and decreased after the sixth breath. The
      results indicate that after the fifth breath the increase in Sn during a MBNW is
      diffusion independent and may constitute a sensitive index of convection
      dependent inhomogeneity (CDI). Subtraction of this component from the first
      breath suggests that Sn in a single-breath washout is largely due to a diffusion
      dependent mechanism. The latter may reflect an interaction of convection and
      diffusion within the lung periphery, whereas CDI may comprise ventilation
      inequality among larger units, subtended by more centrally located branch points.

PMID- 4055574
TI  - Differential response of respiratory muscles to airway occlusion in infants.
AB  - The effect of end-expiratory occlusion on respiratory muscle activity was studied
      in 10 unsedated preterm infants during sleep. Electromyograms (EMG) of the upper
      airway were recorded from surface electrodes placed over the submental (SM) area;
      diaphragm (DIA) EMGs were obtained with identical electrodes over the right
      subcostal margin. Phasic SM EMG accompanied 56 +/- 36% of breaths during
      spontaneous breathing and increased to 80 +/- 26% (P less than 0.05) on the first
      inspiratory effort after occlusion. Occlusion increased peak amplitude (P less
      than 0.001) and total duration (P less than 0.005) of the SM EMG without
      significant changes in its initial rate of rise. In contrast, only the total
      duration of the DIA EMG increased (P less than 0.005) during occlusion.
      Inspiratory time increased from 470 +/- 120 to 720 +/- 210 ms (P less than 0.001)
      during the first occluded effort, but expiratory time did not change. With
      sustained occlusion, peak amplitude of the SM EMG progressively increased, but
      DIA EMG only significantly increased by the third occluded effort. Pharyngeal
      patency was invariably maintained throughout the induced airway occlusions. Sharp
      bursts of SM EMG activity coincided with resolution of spontaneous obstructive
      apneic episodes in four infants. The immediate increase in SM EMG associated with
      airway occlusion may be a mechanism that prevents the development of obstructive
      apnea.

PMID- 4055575
TI  - Postnatal maturation of respiration in intact and carotid body-chemodenervated
      lambs.
AB  - The contribution of the carotid body chemoreceptor to postnatal maturation of
      breathing was evaluated in lambs from 7 to 70 days of age. The study was
      conducted by comparing the eupneic ventilation and resting pneumograms in intact
      conscious lambs with those of lambs that were carotid body chemodenervated (CBD)
      at birth. In comparison to the 1-wk-old intact lambs, the CBD lambs had
      significant decreases in minute ventilation (VE, 313 vs. 517 ml/kg), tidal volume
      (VT, 7.2 vs. 10.5 ml/kg), respiratory rate (f, 44 vs. 51 breaths/min), and
      occlusion pressure (P0.1, 2.8 vs. 7.2 cmH2O). Arterial PO2's were 59 vs. 75 Torr
      (P less than 0.05) and arterial PCO2's 47 vs. 36 Torr (P less than 0.05),
      respectively, in CBD and intact lambs. In intact lambs from 7 to 70 days, resting
      VE decreased progressively from 517 to 274 ml/kg (P less than 0.01) due to a fall
      in VT, mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI), and f, whereas the ratio of inspiratory
      time to total breath duration remained constant. P0.1 decreased from 7.2 to 3.9
      cmH2O from 7 to 42 days. In contrast the CBD lambs experienced only minimal
      changes in VE, VT, VT/TI, and f during the same period. VE only decreased from
      313 to 218 and P0.1 from 2.8 to 2.4 cmH2O. In contrast to that of intact lambs
      the resting pneumogram of CBD lambs remained relatively fixed from 7 to 70 days.
      Three CBD lambs died unexpectedly, without apparent cause, in the 4th and 5th wk
      of life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4055576
TI  - Use of aerosols to measure in vivo volume-dependent changes in lung air space
      dimensions.
AB  - Using measurements of aerosol recovery following a 5-s breath hold [NRC(5)] as
      indices of lung air space dimensions, we evaluated the in vivo changes in these
      dimensions associated with changes in lung volume (VL). In anesthetized dogs,
      single breaths of a 1.2-micron monodisperse aerosol were introduced into the
      respirator's cycle at a number of isovolume points on the inflation and deflation
      limb of the pressure-volume curve for the dog's lungs. At isovolume, NRC(5)
      measured off the inflation limb was slightly larger than NRC(5) measured off the
      deflation limb, implying a larger mean air space dimension for the air space
      configuration on the inflation vs. the deflation limb. Since a constant aerosol
      tidal volume (VT) was used for all VL in all dogs, the proportion of the lung
      filled with aerosol, VT/VL = Pn (where Pn is defined as an index of aerosol
      penetration into the lung periphery), varied along with VL. In all dogs, we found
      that, for NRC(5) measurements with Pn less than 0.33, NRC(5) steadily increased
      with increasing VL, which implies an increasing mean air space dimension as VL
      increases. However, when we account for the effect that changes in Pn with
      increasing VL have on NRC(5), we conclude that the observed increase in NRC(5)
      with VL is primarily due to decreases in Pn and not increases in the mean air
      space dimension as VL increases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4055577
TI  - Recovery in skeletal muscle contractile function after prolonged hindlimb
      immobilization.
AB  - Contractile properties of slow-twitch soleus (SOL), fast-twitch extensor
      digitorum longus (EDL), and fast-twitch superficial region of the vastus
      lateralis were determined in vitro (22 degrees C) in rats remobilized after
      prolonged (3 mo) hindlimb immobilization (IM). For all muscles the muscle-to-body
      weight ratio was significantly depressed by IM, and the ratios failed to
      completely recover even after 90 days. The contractile properties of the fast
      twitch muscles were less affected by IM than the slow-twitch SOL. The IM
      shortened the SOL isometric twitch duration due to a reduced contraction and half
      relaxation time. These parameters returned to control levels by the 14th day of
      recovery. Peak tetanic tension (Po, g/cm2) declined with IM by 46% in the SOL but
      showed no significant change in the fast-twitch muscles. After IM the SOL Po
      (g/cm2) recovered to control values by 28 days. The recovery of Po in absolute
      units (g) was considerably slower and did not return to control levels until 60
      (SOL) to 90 (EDL) days. The maximum shortening velocity was not altered by IM in
      any of the muscles studied. These results demonstrate that both fast- and slow
      twitch skeletal muscles possess the ability to completely recover normal
      contractile function following prolonged periods of hindlimb IM.

PMID- 4055578
TI  - Long-term clearance of liquid and protein from the lungs of unanesthetized sheep.
AB  - We measured the removal of 100 ml of autologous serum from the air spaces and
      lungs of unanesthetized, spontaneously breathing sheep at 4, 12, and 24 h. In the
      first 4 h, there was a rapid clearance of the liquid volume (8.3%/h), similar to
      our results in anesthetized ventilated sheep (Matthay et al., J. Appl. Physiol.
      53: 96-104, 1982). However, liquid removal progressively slowed to 3.3 and 1.4%/h
      at 12 and 24 h, respectively. In contrast, protein clearance (as measured by 125I
      albumin instilled with the serum) was monoexponential and slow (1%/h). The
      slowing of liquid clearance appears to be a function of the rising protein
      osmotic pressure of the residual protein in the air spaces (protein concentration
      doubled in 24 h). Because protein solutions are chemotactic for neutrophils, we
      quantified the movement of liquid from the extracellular space into the alveolar
      compartment with a plasma protein tracer (131I-albumin), so that our final
      calculation of alveolar liquid clearance would take into account bidirectional
      movement of liquid across the alveolar barrier. The corrected values for net
      liquid clearance are slightly faster (less than 10% of the instilled volume).

PMID- 4055579
TI  - Lactate, pyruvate, and lactate-to-pyruvate ratio during exercise and recovery.
AB  - The pattern of lactate increase and its relation to pyruvate and lactate-to
      pyruvate (L/P) ratio were studied during exercise and early recovery in 10 normal
      subjects for incremental exercise on a cycle ergometer. Gas exchange was measured
      breath by breath. Lactate and pyruvate were measured by enzymatic techniques.
      Lactate and log lactate changed only slightly at low levels of O2 uptake (VO2)
      but both began to abruptly increase at approximately 40-55% of the maximal VO2.
      However, the point of abrupt increase in pyruvate occurred at higher work rates
      and the rate of increase was not as great as that for lactate. Thus L/P ratio
      increased at the same VO2 as the log lactate increase. Following the exercise,
      pyruvate continued to increase steeply for at least the first 5 recovery min,
      whereas at 2 min lactate increased only slightly or decreased. Thus arterial L/P
      ratio reversed its direction of change and decreased toward the resting value by
      2 min of recovery. Lactate, as well as L/P ratios, decreased in all subjects by 5
      min. This study demonstrates that lactate and pyruvate concentrations increase
      slightly at low levels of exercise without a change in L/P ratio until a
      threshold work rate at which lactate abruptly increases without pyruvate. The
      resulting increase in L/P ratio is progressive as work rate is incremented and
      abruptly reverses when exercise stops.

PMID- 4055580
TI  - Hypoxia potentiates, oxygen attenuates deflation-induced reflex tracheal
      constriction.
AB  - The reflex tracheomotor responses of in situ isolated segments of the
      extrathoracic trachea of anesthetized, paralyzed, and ventilated dogs were
      monitored. Reflex tracheal constriction was evoked by passive lung deflation. The
      purpose of this study was to determine whether the prevailing state of
      oxygenation altered the magnitude of this reflex. Compared with the magnitude of
      the response during normoxia [arterial O2 tension (PaO2) = 78 Torr], that during
      hypoxia (PaO2 = 44 Torr) was nearly threefold larger while that during hyperoxia
      (PaO2 greater than 250 Torr) was about 50% smaller. The isocapnic changes in
      oxygenation by themselves usually had no effect on tracheomotor tone. The
      deflation-induced reflex tracheal constriction was eliminated by complete
      denervation of the tracheal segment but usually only diminished by partial
      denervation. Bilateral vagotomies or bilateral carotid body denervation also
      usually decreased the magnitude of the reflex. It appears that the magnitude of
      this reflex is dependent on the prevailing state of oxygenation and that a
      pulmonary stretch receptor-carotid body chemoreceptor interaction accounts for
      the exaggerated reflex tracheal constriction during hypoxia and the attenuated
      response during hyperoxia.

PMID- 4055581
TI  - Mechanism of hyperoxia-induced pulmonary vascular paralysis: effect of
      antioxidant pretreatment.
AB  - We designed experiments using isolated rabbit lungs to determine the effect of
      hyperoxia on the pulmonary vasoconstriction caused by the infusion of the lipid
      peroxide tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-bu-OOH), which produces vasoconstriction by
      stimulating the pulmonary synthesis of thromboxane. Exposure to 48-60 h of 100%
      O2 at 1 ATA markedly reduced the increase in pulmonary artery pressure caused by
      t-bu-OOH infusion. We also investigated whether the mechanism for the attenuated
      vasoconstriction was due to altered production of arachidonate mediators or
      oxidant-induced damage to the contractile mechanism. In addition to infusing t-bu
      OOH, which selectively stimulates thromboxane production, we also infused
      Intralipid, an esterified fatty acid emulsion that stimulates production of both
      thromboxane and prostacyclin. These experiments were done to study the effect of
      hyperoxia on prostacyclin synthesis. To determine if antioxidant therapy would
      prevent the changes in mediator production and vascular reactivity caused by
      hyperoxia, we pretreated animals with the antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole
      (BHA) or vitamin E. The lack of vascular reactivity to t-bu-OOH was not due to a
      decrease in thromboxane synthesis or an increase in prostacyclin synthesis.
      Hyperoxia did not affect thromboxane synthesis during basal conditions or after
      stimulation of synthesis by t-bu-OOH. 100% O2 also did not effect the basal
      synthesis of prostacyclin by the lung. Hyperoxia did, however, markedly reduce
      prostacyclin synthesis when it was stimulated by Intralipid infusion. Antioxidant
      pretreatment did not reverse the inhibition of prostacyclin synthesis but did
      prevent the loss of vascular reactivity caused by hyperoxia. Thus hyperoxia
      causes vascular paralysis through oxidant-induced injury to the pulmonary
      vasculature.

PMID- 4055582
TI  - Ventilatory response to fatiguing and nonfatiguing resistive loads in awake
      sheep.
AB  - To study the changes in ventilation induced by inspiratory flow-resistive (IFR)
      loads, we applied moderate and severe IFR loads in chronically instrumented and
      awake sheep. We measured inspired minute ventilation (VI), ventilatory pattern
      [inspiratory time (TI), expiratory time (TE), respiratory cycle time (TT), tidal
      volume (VT), mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI), and respiratory duty cycle (TI/TT)],
      transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi), functional residual capacity (FRC), blood gas
      tensions, and recorded diaphragmatic electromyogram. With both moderate and
      severe loads, Pdi, TI, and TI/TT increased, TE, TT, VT, VT/TI, and VI decreased,
      and hypercapnia ensued. FRC did not change significantly with moderate loads but
      decreased by 30-40% with severe loads. With severe loads, arterial PCO2 (PaCO2)
      stabilized at approximately 60 Torr within 10-15 min and rose further to levels
      exceeding 80 Torr when Pdi dropped. This was associated with a lengthening in TE
      and a decrease in breathing frequency, VI, and TI/TT. We conclude that 1) timing
      and volume responses to IFR loads are not sufficient to prevent alveolar
      hypoventilation, 2) with severe loads the considerable increase in Pdi, TI/TT,
      and PaCO2 may reduce respiratory muscle endurance, and 3) the changes in
      ventilation associated with neuromuscular fatigue occur after the drop in Pdi. We
      believe that these ventilatory changes are dictated by the mechanical capability
      of the respiratory muscles or induced by a decrease in central neural output to
      these muscles or both.

PMID- 4055583
TI  - Effect of short-duration constant exercise on permeability of cockerel aorta to
      125I-albumin.
AB  - To determine quantitatively the effect of short duration constant exercise on the
      rate of uptake (U) of intravenously injected 125I-labeled cockerel albumin (A) by
      the aorta of the adult cockerel, 24 birds divided into age-matched pairs, each
      pair consisting of an exercised and nonexercised control bird, were studied. The
      time period of heparinization, anesthesia, and time from injection of A (each
      member of each pair received about 50 microCi from the same batch) to the death
      of the animal (T) was identical for each member of each pair. The exercised
      animal was exercised at a constant speed of 3.2 kph at 0 degrees elevation for
      between 2 and 5 min on a treadmill. U was defined as accumulated wall
      radioactivity (dpm)/plasma radioactivity (dpm/ml) X endothelial surface area
      (cm2) X T (s). Free 125I in the injectate amounted to 1.29 +/- 0.31% (mean +/-
      SD). Free 125I in the plasma and the wall in the exercise and control animals was
      not significantly different: plasma 0.84 +/- 0.34% (mean +/- SD) and 0.55 +/-
      0.18 (P less than 0.20); wall 3.38 +/- 5.64% and 6.42 +/- 4.72 (P less than
      0.04). Injected A remaining in the blood at between 8 and 16 min after
      intravenous injection was 83 +/- 8.7% (n = 10) in the exercised and 82 +/- 10% (n
      = 7) in the control (P less than 0.2). U was greater in the exercise group in 9
      out of 12 matched pairs (P less than 0.05). We conclude that U increases for
      short periods of constant exercise.

PMID- 4055584
TI  - Age-related augmentation of plasma catecholamines during dynamic exercise in
      healthy males.
AB  - Although plasma norepinephrine (NE) increases with age in response to a variety
      of submaximal adrenergic stimuli, the effect of age on plasma catecholamine
      levels during maximal aerobic effort and during submaximal work at a fixed
      percent of peak O2 consumption (VO2) is unknown. We therefore measured NE,
      epinephrine (E), and VO2 at rest and during graded maximal treadmill exercise in
      24 healthy male volunteers (ages 22-77 yr) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study
      of Aging who were rigorously screened to exclude the presence of cardiovascular
      disease. At rest neither heart rate (HR) nor VO2 were age related. Resting NE
      (pg/ml) was not age related, but resting E (pg/ml) was higher in male subjects 68
      77 yr old (group III) than in those aged 22-37 (group I) or 44-55 yr (group II),
      P less than 0.01. Maximal HR (beats/min) showed a strong inverse relationship to
      age (203.5 - 0.65 age, r = -0.80, P less than 0.001). Peak VO2 in milliliters per
      kilogram total body weight per minute decreased with age (47.7 - 0.23 age, r = 
      0.71, P less than 0.001). At maximal effort both NE (P less than 0.01) and E (P
      less than 0.05) were higher in group III than in either of the younger groups. At
      submaximal work levels NE and E also increased with age, and when normalized for
      relative effort at loads between 45 and 80% of peak VO2 both NE and E were higher
      in the group III male subjects, although statistical significance was reached for
      NE (P less than 0.01) but not for E (P = 0.09).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4055585
TI  - Effect of exercise on deposition and subsequent retention of inhaled particles.
AB  - To investigate the effect of exercise and its associated increase in ventilation
      on the deposition and subsequent retention of inhaled particles, we measured the
      fractional and regional lung deposition of a radioactively tagged (99mTc)
      monodisperse aerosol (2.6 microns mass median aerodynamic diam) in normal human
      subjects at rest and while exercising on a bicycle ergometer. Breath-by-breath
      deposition fraction (DF) was measured throughout the aerosol exposures by
      Tyndallometry. Following each exposure gamma camera analysis was used to 1)
      determine the regional distribution of deposited particles and 2) monitor lung
      retention for 2.5 h and again at 24 h. We found that DF was unchanged between
      ventilation at rest (6-10 l/min) and exercise (32-46 l/min). Even though mouth
      deposition was enhanced with exercise, it was not large enough to produce a
      significant difference in the deposition fraction of the lung (DFL) between
      resting and exercise exposures. The central-to-peripheral distribution of
      deposited aerosol was larger for the exercise vs. resting exposure, reflecting a
      shift of particle deposition to more central bronchial airways. Apical-to-basal
      distribution was not different for the two exposures. Retention at 2.5 h and 24 h
      (R24) was reduced following the exercise vs. the resting exposure, consistent
      with greater bronchial deposition during exercise. The product of DFL and R24
      gave a measure of fractional burden at 24 h (B24), i.e., the fraction of inhaled
      aerosol residing in the lungs 24 h after exposure. B24 was not significantly
      different between rest and exercise exposures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4055587
TI  - Central adaptation to inspiratory-inhibiting expiratory-prolonging vagal input.
AB  - We reported earlier on the changes in excitability of central respiratory
      switching mechanisms in the course of a brief inspiratory-inhibiting vagal
      stimulus (J. Appl. Physiol. 50: 1183-1192, 1981). To further define the dynamics
      of central processing of such input we studied the changes in the excitability of
      timing mechanisms in the immediate (less than 1.0 s) and late (1-20 s) periods
      after stimulus removal. We also examined the changes in respiratory timing in the
      course of protracted (greater than 20 s) stimulation. Studies were done using
      pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. For studies involving long-term stimulation or
      late off responses, cats were paralyzed, vagotomized, carotid denervated, and
      artificially ventilated. We found that the inspiratory inhibitory influence of a
      brief stimulus continues, in a declining fashion, for 0.3-10 s after removal of
      the stimulus. This was followed by a paradoxical response, inspirations were
      prolonged and expirations were shortened, which was maximal 1-2 s after stimulus
      removal and which declined gradually over a period of 6-16 s. There was
      progressive decline in inspiratory-shortening expiratory-prolonging influence in
      the course of sustained stimuli. These results indicate substantial adaptation in
      the course of even brief stimuli and provide an explanation for inspiratory
      expiratory duration and expiratory-inspiratory duration linkages.

PMID- 4055586
TI  - Effect of exercise on epinephrine turnover in trained and untrained male
      subjects.
AB  - The kinetics underlying plasma epinephrine concentrations were studied. Six
      athletes (T) and six sedentary males (C) were given intravenous infusions of 3H
      labeled epinephrine, after which arterial blood was drawn. They rested sitting
      and bicycled continuously to exhaustion (60 min at 125 W, 60 min at 160 W, 40 min
      at 200 W, and 240 W to the end). Work time was 154 +/- 13 (SE) (T) and 75 +/- 6
      (C) min. At rest, epinephrine clearance was identical [28.4 +/- 1.3 (T) vs. 29.2
      +/- 1.8 (C) ml . kg-1 . min-1], but plasma concentration [1.42 +/- 0.27 (T) vs.
      0.71 +/- 0.16 (C) nmol . l-1] and, accordingly, secretion [2.9 +/- 0.7 vs. 1.5 +/
      0.4 nmol . min-1] were higher (P less than 0.05) in T than C subjects.
      Epinephrine clearance was closely related to relative work load, decreasing from
      15% above the basal level at 30% of maximal O2 uptake (VO2 max) to 22% below at
      76% of VO2 max. Epinephrine concentrations increased much more with work
      intensity than could be accounted for by changes in clearance and were, at
      exhaustion, higher (P less than 0.05) in T (7.2 +/- 1.6) than in C (2.5 +/- 0.7
      nmol . l-1) subjects despite similar glucose, heart rate, and hematocrit values.
      At a given load, epinephrine clearance rapidly became constant, whereas
      concentration increased continuously. Forearm extraction of epinephrine
      invalidated use of blood from a cubital vein or a hand vein arterialized by hot
      water in turnover measurements. During exercise, changes in epinephrine
      concentrations reflect changes in secretion rather than in clearance. Training
      may increase adrenal medullary secretory capacity.

PMID- 4055588
TI  - Effects of upper or lower airway anesthesia on hypercapnic ventilation in humans.
AB  - To evaluate the contribution of vagal airway receptors to ventilatory control
      during hypercapnia, we studied 11 normal humans. Airway receptor block was
      induced by inhaling an aerosol of lidocaine; a preferential upper oropharyngeal
      block was also induced in a subgroup by gargling a solution of the anesthetic.
      Inhalation of lidocaine aerosol adequate to increase cough threshold, as measured
      by citric acid, did not change the ventilatory response to CO2, ratio of the
      change in minute ventilation to change in alveolar PCO2 (delta VI/delta PACO2),
      compared with saline control. Breathing pattern at mean CO2-stimulated
      ventilation of 25 l/min showed significantly decreased respiratory frequency,
      increased tidal volume, and prolonged inspiratory time compared with saline.
      Resting breathing pattern also showed significantly increased tidal volume and
      inspiratory time. In nine of the same subjects gargling a lidocaine solution
      adequate to extinguish gag response without altering cough threshold did not
      change delta VI/delta PACO2 or ventilatory pattern during CO2-stimulated or
      resting ventilation compared with saline. These results suggest that lower but
      not upper oropharyngeal vagal airway receptors modulate breathing pattern during
      hypercapnic as well as resting ventilation but do not affect delta VI/delta
      PACO2.

PMID- 4055589
TI  - Effect of high-frequency ventilation on gas exchange and pulmonary vascular
      resistance in lambs.
AB  - We studied the effects of conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) (15 ml/kg
      tidal volume delivered at 18-25 breaths/min) and high-frequency oscillatory
      ventilation (HFOV) (less than or equal to 2 ml/kg delivered at 10 Hz) on
      pulmonary hemodynamics and gas exchange during ambient air breathing and hypoxic
      gas breathing in 10 4-day-old lambs. After instrumentation and randomization to
      either HFOV or CMV the animals breathed first ambient air and then hypoxic gas
      (inspired O2 fraction = 0.13) for 20 min. The mode of ventilation was then
      changed, and the normoxic and hypoxic gas challenges were repeated. The multiple
      inert gas elimination technique was utilized to assess gas exchange. There was a
      significant increase with HFOV in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) (20.1 +/
      4.2 vs. 22 +/- 3.8 Torr, CMV vs. HFOV, P less than 0.05) during ambient air
      breathing. During hypoxic gas breathing Ppa was also greater with HFOV than with
      CMV (29.5 +/- 5.7 vs. 34 +/- 3.1 Torr, CMV vs. HFOV, P less than 0.05). HFOV
      reduced pulmonary blood flow (Qp) during ambient air breathing (0.33 +/- 0.11 vs.
      0.28 +/- 0.09 l . kg-1 . min-1, CMV vs. HFOV, P less than 0.05) and during
      hypoxic gas breathing (0.38 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.29 +/- 0.09 l . kg-1 . min-1, P less
      than 0.05). There was no significant difference in calculated venous admixture
      for sulfur hexafluoride or in the index of low ventilation-perfusion lung regions
      with HFOV compared with CMV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4055590
TI  - Effects of hyperoxia on DNA synthesis in cultured porcine aortic endothelial
      cells.
AB  - The mode of action of hyperoxia on the inhibition of DNA synthesis from thymidine
      (dThd) was studied in primary cultures of porcine aortic endothelial cells (EC)
      at confluence. A significant effect of hyperoxia on dThd uptake was detected only
      after a 48-h exposure to 95% O2. On the other hand, decrease in dThd kinase
      activity was already observed after a 12-h exposure, and the time course of its
      reduction followed closely that of the inhibition of dThd incorporation into DNA.
      The incorporation of dThd triphosphate into DNA in permeabilized EC was
      unaffected by hyperoxia. Determination of DNA alpha- and beta-polymerase
      activities showed that hyperoxia reduced the activity of the alpha-polymerase and
      increased that of the beta-polymerase. We conclude that most of the O2 effects on
      DNA synthesis from dThd can be attributed to dThd kinase inhibition. The
      increased activity of DNA beta-polymerase, an enzyme involved in DNA repair, also
      supports the view that hyperoxia could damage DNA.

PMID- 4055591
TI  - Evaluation of factors affecting relationship between transcutaneous PO2 and probe
      temperature.
AB  - Several studies on transcutaneous O2 probes have shown that the transcutaneous
      PO2 increases to approximately 80% of the arterial PO2 when the probe is heated
      to 44 degrees C. It is not known whether this result reflects near-complete
      thermic arterialization or rather other factors such as the temperature-linked
      right shift of the hemoglobin O2-binding curve. In many clinical applications of
      transcutaneous probes the use of 44 degrees C is a major disadvantage because of
      the risk of skin burns. The development of new probes operating at lower
      temperatures is hampered by the lack of data on the temperature dependence of the
      factors influencing the relationship between the transcutaneous PO2 and the probe
      temperature. The present study attempts to estimate the temperature dependence of
      1) the degree of arterialization of the blood in the skin capillaries, 2) the PO2
      difference across the epidermis caused by the diffusion gradient and the
      epidermal O2 consumption, and 3) the arteriovenous saturation difference over the
      skin capillaries. The estimation is based on simultaneously measured
      transcutaneous PO2, PCO2, and argon partial pressure (PAr) values at seven
      different probe temperatures. The transcutaneous PCO2 is assumed equal to the
      mean capillary PCO2, which is used to calculate the mean capillary PO2 by the aid
      of a skin model. The O2 diffusion gradient is estimated from the transcutaneous
      PAr, and the PO2 difference caused by the epidermal O2 consumption is set equal
      to the difference between the mean capillary and transcutaneous PO2 less the
      partial pressure difference caused by the diffusion gradient. The degree of
      arterialization was found to be 53% at 38 degrees C and 65% at 44 degrees C. The
      partial pressure difference caused by the epidermal O2 consumption decreased from
      33 Torr at 38 degrees C to 6 Torr at 44 degrees C. The PO2 difference across the
      epidermis caused by the diffusion gradient was 7 Torr at 38 degrees C and 5 Torr
      at 44 degrees C. The arteriovenous saturation difference fell from 31% at 38
      degrees C to 12% at 44 degrees C.

PMID- 4055592
TI  - Plasma-lymph exchange and interstitial distribution volumes of charged
      macromolecules in the lung.
AB  - The plasma-lymph exchange of two lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes (4.2 nM) of
      different molecular charge between plasma (CP) and lung lymph (CL), their initial
      clearances across the capillary wall, and their extravascular distribution
      volumes were studied in dog lungs at control and increased left atrial pressures
      (Pla = 23.3 +/- 2.1 cmH2O). The anionic LDH 1 [isoelectric point (pI) = 5.0]
      exhibited a more rapid plasma decay compared with cationic LDH 5 (pI = 7.9) after
      bolus injection but was maintained relatively constant in several experiments
      using a constant infusion. The mean 10- to 12-min lung tissue clearances were 40%
      higher for LDH 5 than LDH 1 at control Pla and 120% higher at increased Pla. The
      CL/CP ratios of the anionic LDH 1 were consistently higher at 4-5 h after
      simultaneous injection than those of cationic LDH 5. However, the extravascular
      distribution volumes of LDH 5 were significantly higher in lymph equivalents than
      those of LDH 1 at 4 h in both Pla groups. Fixed negative charges located on
      endothelial cells, basement membrane, and interstitial matrix could explain the
      observed differences between LDH isozymes in CL/CP ratios, tissue uptake, and
      extra-vascular distribution volumes by the ionic interaction of LDH 5 with these
      negative change sites which would retard the plasma-lymph transport and enhance
      the extravascular distribution volume and initial clearance of these cationic
      macromolecules.

PMID- 4055593
TI  - Fast real-time moment-ratio analysis of multibreath nitrogen washout in children.
AB  - To apply real-time moment-ratio analysis to multibreath N2-washout curves (MBNW)
      from children, a new processor-controlled device was constructed. Flow and
      fractional N2 concentration (FN2) were each sampled by 200 Hz. An electromagnetic
      triple-valve system, with an instrumental dead space of 36 ml and a valve
      resistance of 0.3 cmH2O . l-1 . s, was connected in series with a
      pneumotachograph and an N2 analyzer (Ohio 720) placed next to the mouthpiece. A
      FORTRAN/MACRO program on a PDP 11/23 computer enabled measurement of inspiratory
      and expiratory flow and FN2 sampling by a 12-bit analog-to-digital converter. The
      fast real-time digital processing of the N2 and flow signals incorporated
      filtering, delay compensation, and corrections for the effects of changes in gas
      composition and temperature. MBNW dynamics of the lungs were studied in 17
      healthy and 28 asthmatic children and in 16 patients with cystic fibrosis,
      evaluating the moment ratios of the washout curves as indices of the ventilation
      characteristics. Intrasubject variability of the moment ratios (m1/m0, m2/m0) and
      determination of functional residual capacity (FRC) varied between 6.3 and 14.7%
      (depending on which parameter is considered) and was comparatively lower than
      other indices previously investigated in adults. In addition, the sensitivity of
      the moment ratios for discriminating different stages of ventilation
      inhomogeneity was superior to other indices. m2/m0 is closely related to the
      simultaneously measured airway resistance, and the ratio between cumulative
      expired volume and FRC is correlated with the ratio between residual volume and
      total lung capacity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4055594
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of anti-G suit inflation in a 1-G environment.
AB  - This study evaluated effects of various anti-G inflation pressures on cardiac
      volumes and the relationship of these volume changes to mean arterial pressure
      changes. Ventricular volumes were calculated using two-dimensional
      echocardiography. An anti-G suit was inflated to 2, 4, and 6 psi in the standing
      and supine positions for 10 male subjects. In the supine position, mean arterial
      pressure increased from base line for all three inflation pressures (P = 0.05).
      The end-diastolic volume increased after 2-psi inflation (P = 0.03). Cardiac
      output or stroke volume did not change. After standing, mean arterial pressure (P
      = 0.002), end-diastolic volume (P = 0.002), and stroke volume (P = 0.05) fell
      after suit deflation. Peripheral vascular resistance fell in the 2- and 4-psi
      inflation profiles. In the standing protocol, mean arterial pressure, end
      diastolic volume, stroke volume, and cardiac output rose with all three inflation
      pressures (P less than 0.05). After reclining, heart rate increased (P = 0.02)
      and mean arterial pressure fell (P less than 0.05) in the 4- and 6-psi inflation
      profiles after suit deflation. Increases in mean arterial pressure are caused by
      increases in cardiac preload and cardiac output after inflation of the anti-G
      suit while subjects were standing. Increased cardiac preload was not consistently
      seen after inflation while subjects were supine. Changes in end-diastolic volume
      and mean arterial pressure were dependent on the pressure used to inflate the
      anti-G suit.

PMID- 4055595
TI  - Effect of inspiratory muscle fatigue on breathing pattern.
AB  - Our aim was to determine whether inspiratory muscle fatigue changes breathing
      pattern and whether any changes seen occur before mechanical fatigue develops.
      Nine normal subjects breathed through a variable inspiratory resistance with a
      predetermined mouth pressure (Pm) during inspiration and a fixed ratio of
      inspiratory time to total breath duration. Breathing pattern after resistive
      breathing (recovery breathing pattern) was compared with breathing pattern at
      rest and during CO2 rebreathing (control breathing pattern) for each subject.
      Relative rapid shallow breathing was seen after mechanical fatigue and also in
      experiments with electromyogram evidence of diaphragmatic fatigue where Pm was
      maintained at the predetermined level during the period of resistive breathing.
      In contrast there was no significant difference between recovery and control
      breathing patterns when neither mechanical nor electromyogram fatigue was seen.
      It is suggested that breathing pattern after inspiratory muscle fatigue changes
      in order to minimize respiratory sensation.

PMID- 4055596
TI  - Collateral sources of costal and crural diaphragmatic blood flow.
AB  - We measured the contribution of aortic, internal mammary, and intercostal
      arteries to the blood flow to the costal and crural segments of the diaphragm and
      other respiratory muscles in seven dogs breathing against a fixed inspiratory
      elastic load. We used radiolabeled microspheres to measure the blood flow with
      control circulation, occlusion of the aorta distal to the left subclavian artery,
      combined occlusion of the aorta and both internal mammary arteries, and occlusion
      of internal mammary arteries alone. With occlusion of the aorta distal to the
      left subclavian artery, blood flow to the crural diaphragm decreased from 40.3 to
      23.5 ml . min-1 X 100 g-1, whereas costal flow did not change significantly (from
      41.7 to 38.1 ml . min-1 . 100 g-1). Blood flows to the sternomastoid and scalene
      muscles (above the occlusion) increased by 200 and 340%, respectively, whereas
      flows to the other respiratory muscles did not change significantly. Blood flows
      to organs above the occlusion either remained unchanged or increased, whereas
      flows to those below the occlusion all decreased. When the internal mammary
      artery was also occluded, flows to the crural segment decreased further to 12.1
      and costal flow decreased to 20.4 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1. Internal mammary arterial
      occlusion alone in two dogs had no effect on diaphragmatic flow. In conclusion,
      intercostal collateral vessels are capable of supplying a significant proportion
      of blood flow to both segments of the diaphragm but the costal segment is better
      served than the crural segment.

PMID- 4055597
TI  - Erythrocyte adenosine triphosphate depletion during voluntary hyperventilation.
AB  - Chronic hypophosphatemia in humans is associated with a slow depletion of
      adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) in
      erythrocytes, combined with shape alteration, impaired deformability, and
      viability of the cells. Likewise, incubation of erythrocytes in alkaline solution
      is associated with ATP depletion. Since in hyperventilation both hypophosphatemia
      and alkalosis are present, we have investigated red cell organic phosphates,
      shape, deformability, and osmotic fragility before, during, and after 20 min of
      voluntary hyperventilation. On the average, red cell ATP decreased by 42%, the
      blood pH increased by 0.2 units, and plasma inorganic phosphorus decreased by 46%
      compared with the initial values. Red cell 2,3-DPG, shape, deformability, and
      osmotic fragility remained unchanged. After the end of hyperventilation ATP
      increased rapidly to control values in parallel with the normalization of the
      blood pH, whereas inorganic plasma phosphorus remained at the low level observed
      during hyperventilation. It is concluded that the combined effects of
      hypophosphatemia and alkalosis in acute hyperventilation lead to an isolated fall
      of red cell ATP, which occurs as rapid as after total inhibition of red cell
      glycolysis in vitro.

PMID- 4055598
TI  - Responses of bulbospinal and laryngeal respiratory neurons to hypercapnia and
      hypoxia.
AB  - The purpose was to evaluate activities of medullary respiratory neurons during
      equivalent changes in phrenic discharge resulting from hypercapnia and hypoxia.
      Decerebrate, cerebellectomized, paralyzed, and ventilated cats were used. Vagi
      were sectioned at left midcervical and right intrathoracic levels caudal to the
      origin of right recurrent laryngeal nerve. Activities of phrenic nerve and single
      respiratory neurons were monitored. Neurons exhibiting antidromic action
      potentials following stimulations of the spinal cord and recurrent laryngeal
      nerve were designated, respectively, bulbospinal or laryngeal. The remaining
      neurons were not antidromically activated. Hypercapnia caused significant
      augmentations of discharge frequencies for all neuronal groups. Many of these
      neurons had no change or declines of activity in hypoxia. We conclude that
      central chemoreceptor afferent influences are ubiquitous, but excitatory
      influences from carotid chemoreceptors are more limited in distribution among
      medullary respiratory neurons. Hypoxia will increase activities of neurons that
      receive sufficient excitatory peripheral chemoreceptor afferents to overcome
      direct depression by brain stem hypoxia. The possibility that responses of
      respiratory muscles to hypoxia are programmed within the medulla is discussed.

PMID- 4055599
TI  - Changes in antidromic latencies of medullary respiratory neurons in hypercapnia
      and hypoxia.
AB  - We evaluated mechanisms underlying changes in discharge frequencies of medullary
      respiratory neurons. This evaluation was made by determining variations in
      antidromic latencies; these variations reflect changes in membrane potentials. In
      decerebrate, vagotomized, paralyzed, and ventilated cats, activities of the
      phrenic nerve and single respiratory neurons were monitored in hyperoxic
      normocapnia, hyperoxic hypercapnia, and/or normocapnic hypoxia. Axonal
      projections were defined as bulbospinal or laryngeal by antidromic activation. At
      normocapnic hyperoxia, antidromic latencies fell to minima during periods of
      spontaneous neuronal activity, with maxima occurring between neuronal bursts. In
      hypercapnia or hypoxia, these minima were not altered, whereas maximum latencies
      typically rose for neurons whose discharge frequencies increased. However, the
      increased frequencies most strongly correlated with increases in the difference
      between maximum and minimum latencies. No such correlation was evident for
      neurons whose discharge frequencies declined. We conclude that the overall change
      of membrane potential primarily defines neuronal discharge frequencies. Changes
      in membrane potentials induced by peripheral and central chemoreceptor afferents
      and by direct actions of hypercapnia and hypoxia are discussed.

PMID- 4055600
TI  - Changes in breathing when switching from nares to tracheostomy breathing in awake
      ponies.
AB  - We assessed the consequences of respiratory unloading associated with
      tracheostomy breathing (TBr). Three normal and three carotid body-denervated
      (CBD) ponies were prepared with chronic tracheostomies that at rest reduced
      physiological dead space (VD) from 483 +/- 60 to 255 +/- 30 ml and lung
      resistance from 1.5 +/- 0.14 to 0.5 +/- 0.07 cmH2O . l-1 . s. At rest and during
      steady-state mild-to-heavy exercise arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) was approximately 1
      Torr higher during nares breathing (NBr) than during TBr. Pulmonary ventilation
      and tidal volume (VT) were greater and alveolar ventilation was less during NBr
      than TBr. Breathing frequency (f) did not differ between NBr and TBr at rest, but
      f during exercise was greater during TBr than during NBr. These responses did not
      differ between normal and CBD ponies. We also assessed the consequences of
      increasing external VD (300 ml) and resistance (R, 0.3 cmH2O . l-1 . s) by
      breathing through a tube. At rest and during mild exercise tube breathing caused
      PaCO2 to transiently increase 2-3 Torr, but 3-5 min later PaCO2 usually was
      within 1 Torr of control. Tube breathing did not cause f to change. When external
      R was increased 1 cmH2O . l-1 . s by breathing through a conventional air
      collection system, f did not change at rest, but during exercise f was lower than
      during unencumbered breathing. These responses did not differ between normal,
      CBD, and hilar nerve-denervated ponies, and they did not differ when external VD
      or R were added at either the nares or tracheostomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4055601
TI  - Analysis of sampling errors in biopsy techniques using data from whole muscle
      cross sections.
AB  - Because of the large variability in the proportion of fiber types within a whole
      muscle, a single biopsy is a poor estimator of the fiber type proportion for a
      whole muscle. Data on the proportions of type I and II fibers, obtained from
      cross sections of whole human muscles (vastus lateralis) from young male
      individuals, have therefore been analyzed statistically in order to determine the
      sampling errors involved in muscle biopsy techniques. For the purpose of
      obtaining a good estimate of the fiber type proportion in a whole biopsy,
      counting all fibers is of great benefit compared with counting only half of the
      fiber number. The required number of biopsies to obtain a given sampling error of
      the mean proportion of fiber types in the whole muscle can vary by a factor of
      six. If less than three biopsies are taken from a muscle, there is a substantial
      reduction in sampling error taking biopsies with at least 600 fibers. For more
      than three biopsies there is a small gain in sampling greater than 150 fibers.
      The precision of the estimate of the mean proportion of fiber types for a group
      is increased with the number of biopsies per individual and number of
      individuals. In conclusion, for the muscle in this study, complete counting of
      three biopsies, each greater than 150 fibers, sampled from different depths of
      the muscle is recommended.

PMID- 4055602
TI  - Metabolism of norepinephrine during nerve stimulation in dog trachea.
AB  - We determined the relative importance of neuronal and extraneuronal uptake in the
      metabolism of norepinephrine (NE) released during electrical stimulation (ES) of
      isolated canine tracheal smooth muscle (TSM). Strips of TSM were labeled with L
      [3H]NE (2 X 10(-7) M) and mounted for superfusion. Superfusate was collected
      continuously before, during, and after ES (15 V, 0.5 ms, 5 Hz). Measurements were
      made of [3H]NE and its metabolites in superfusate and in tissue. Neuronal uptake
      followed by metabolism was estimated by measuring the amount of 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylglycol (DOPEG). Extraneuronal uptake was estimated by measuring O
      methylated metabolites (OMM). ES caused large increases in the efflux of NE,
      DOPEG, and OMM from TSM. However, the overflow of OMM was six times greater than
      that of DOPEG. Cocaine (10(-5) M) abolished the increased efflux of DOPEG during
      ES and enhanced the overflow of NE and OMM. We conclude that extraneuronal uptake
      constitutes the primary metabolic pathway for NE released from adrenergic nerves
      innervating TSM.

PMID- 4055603
TI  - Effect of increased bronchial venous pressure on lung lymph flow.
AB  - We postulated that if the bronchial circulation affects lung fluid balance,
      increases in bronchial venous pressures may influence lung lymph flow. This
      hypothesis was tested in eight anesthetized sheep prepared with acute lung lymph
      fistulas. After control data, we increased bronchial venous pressure by infusing
      saline directly into the bronchial vein at a controlled infusion pressure of 20
      25 cmH2O. Evans blue dye (2.5 mg/ml) was added into the saline as a marker for
      assessing leakage that might occur from either the catheter or the ruptured
      bronchial veins. Lymph flow was measured every 15 min. Lymph as well as plasma
      samples were collected every 30 min for measurement of protein. In five sheep we
      also measured Evans blue dye content both in lymph and plasma to further
      characterize the role of bronchial circulation in lung fluid balance. The control
      lymph flow was 1.9 +/- 0.2 ml/15 min, and lymph-to-plasma protein ratio was 0.65
      +/- 0.3 (mean +/- SE). With infusion of saline into the bronchial vein, the mean
      lung lymph flow and lymph-to-plasma protein ratio did not change significantly.
      There was a progressive increase in dye content both in lymph and plasma. The
      mean Evans blue dye content in lymph was 0.087, 0.16, and 0.26 microgram/ml,
      whereas in plasma it was 0.43, 1.15, and 1.45 microgram/ml in samples obtained at
      30, 60, and 90 min, respectively. The dye content was significantly higher in the
      plasma compared with the lymph in all three samples (less than 0.05). Pulmonary
      arterial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and cardiac output did not
      change significantly throughout the experiment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4055604
TI  - A study of the variability in the febrile responses of rabbits to endogenous
      pyrogen.
AB  - The range of body temperature increases elicited by a standard dose of endogenous
      pyrogen (0.5 ml/kg iv) was examined in a population of 26 male New Zealand White
      rabbits. Although the mean maximum increase in rectal temperature was 0.88 +/-
      0.06 degree C (SE), individual responses varied from 0.4 degree to 1.5 degree C.
      Three representative animals that responded to the standard dose of pyrogen with
      small, intermediate, and large febrile responses were selected and challenged
      with the same dose of pyrogen on eight separate occasions, and the variability of
      these responses was examined. There was little variability within the
      characteristic responses of any particular animal to the repeated challenges. The
      variability of the febrile responses elicited by both intravenous and
      intracerebroventricular administration of the same pyrogen was examined and
      compared using another group of 11 rabbits. The variability in response to the
      intravenous route was similar to that found in the larger population, whereas the
      variation in response to the intracerebroventricular route was smaller, and all
      11 animals had fevers that were greater than 1 degrees C. It is concluded that
      the variability of the febrile responses of rabbits to intravenous pyrogen was
      due to differences between individual sensitivities of animals to the
      intravenously administered pyrogen. This difference in sensitivity may be due to
      a difference in the amount of pyrogen that reaches the putative receptor sites,
      or to a difference in the density or effectiveness of receptor sites in
      translating the pyrogenic stimulus into a fever response.

PMID- 4055605
TI  - Respiratory effects of brief baroreceptor stimuli in the anesthetized dog.
AB  - To quantify the immediate isocapnic respiratory response to baroreceptor
      stimulation, pressure in the isolated externally perfused carotid sinuses (CS) of
      24 vagotomized alpha-chloralose-anesthetized dogs was increased selectively
      during either inspiration or expiration as a step (from time of onset to end of
      respiratory phase) or a pulse (500 ms). The rise time (150 ms), base-line
      pressure (80 mmHg), and stimulus magnitude (40 mmHg) were similar for the two
      stimuli. The time of stimulus onset (delay), expressed as a percent of control
      time of inspiration (TI) or expiration (TE), was varied. TI, TE, and tidal volume
      (VT) were expressed as percent changes from control. Stimuli delivered early in
      inspiration lengthened TI [23.5 +/- 6.4% (SE) for step and 11.7 +/- 6.3% for
      pulse stimuli at 5% delay] more effectively than late stimuli. VT was essentially
      unaltered. In contrast, step stimuli delivered during expiration caused a
      lengthening of TE (32.7 +/- 6.3% at 5% delay) that did not depend on the delay
      (up to 75%). Very late (85%) pulse stimuli lengthened TE (15.2 +/- 5.7%) more
      effectively than early stimuli. For both stimuli, the expiratory VT was
      unaltered. When the responses are compared before and after separation of the
      blood supply of the carotid bodies from the CS region and when they are compared
      before and after inhibition of reflex systemic hypotension by ganglionic
      blockade, the observed responses were shown to be due solely to CS baroreceptor
      stimulation and not to alterations in carotid body blood flow or reflex changes
      in systemic cardiovascular variables.

PMID- 4055606
TI  - Regional differences in erythrocyte transit in normal lungs.
AB  - We measured regional blood volume and flow in the lungs of nine mongrel dogs. The
      time taken for the erythrocytes to transit through individual lung regions was
      calculated from the relationship t = V/Q, where V is blood volume and Q is flow.
      The data show that the total pulmonary blood volume was 82 +/- 6 ml and that the
      average time spent in the pulmonary vascular bed was 2.86 +/- 0.31 s. The
      frequency distribution of the transit times ranged from 0.41 to 6 s in the
      experiment with the shortest mean transit (1.62 s) and from 0.9 to greater than
      20 s in the experiment with the longest mean transit time (4.6 s). The regional
      data show that the longer transit times were in the upper lung and that expansion
      of the blood volume as flow increased down the lung prevented an excessive
      shortening of the transit time. We conclude that increasing regional blood flow
      is associated with an expansion of regional blood volumes so that the transit
      times remain relatively constant.

PMID- 4055608
TI  - Wall motion in expiratory flow limitation: choke and flutter.
AB  - Limitation of expiratory airflow from mammalian airways is currently understood
      to be due to choking at wave speed (S. V. Dawson and E. A. Elliott. J. Appl.
      Physiol. 43: 498-515, 1977). A critical weakness of the theory is the lack of a
      mechanism for the dissipation of energy when effort exceeds that needed for
      maximal flow. We have observed substantial wall motion with flow limitation in a
      physical model of a trachea. Therefore we have examined a simple two-dimensional
      mathematical model, designed to approximate the behavior of the physical model of
      the trachea, to try to identify a relationship between flow limitation and wall
      oscillation. The model matches wave-speed predictions when only long waves are
      considered. The model predicts that aerodynamic flutter will occur in the zone of
      supercritical flow described in wave-speed theory. Aerodynamic flutter in the
      zone of supercritical flow provides a potential mechanism for the energy
      dissipation necessary for transition from supercritical to subcritical flow and
      explains the high-frequency pure tone heard with flow limitation.

PMID- 4055607
TI  - Effect of exercise training on antioxidant enzymes and cardiotoxicity of
      doxorubicin.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to correlate the exercise-induced changes of
      oxidant stress enzymes with possible modification of the response to the putative
      oxidant stressor doxorubicin. Enzymatic and histological changes were studied in
      mice placed on a 21-wk swim training program (1 h/day, 5 days/wk) with and
      without anthracycline administration. Doxorubicin (4 mg/kg) was administered
      intravenously through a tail vein on 10 separate days over a 7-wk period (twice
      weekly during weeks 10, 11, 14, 15, and 16). Blood, liver, and heart levels of
      catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GP) were
      measured following the 9th and 21st wk. Myocardial histomorphological
      observations were made by light microscopy after 21 wk. Following 9 wk of
      training swim-trained animals had significantly elevated levels of CAT, SOD, and
      GP in blood, as well as elevated GP in liver. After 21 wk, trained animals,
      regardless of drug status, had elevated blood CAT and SOD activity and increased
      liver CAT and GP. Training also produced increases in blood GP, liver SOD, and
      heart CAT; however, in conjunction with doxorubicin these changes were not seen.
      The degree of cardiotoxicity was significantly greater in the sedentary drug
      treated animals than in the swim-trained drug-treated animals. The results
      suggest a correlation between antioxidant enzyme levels in blood and liver and
      the degree of damage caused by an anthracycline drug. It was concluded that
      exercise ameliorates severe toxic damage caused by doxorubicin administration,
      possibly by increasing enzymes that combat free radical damage.

PMID- 4055609
TI  - Rat muscle blood flows during high-speed locomotion.
AB  - We previously studied blood flow distribution within and among rat muscles as a
      function of speed from walking (15 m/min) through galloping (75 m/min) on a motor
      driven treadmill. The results showed that muscle blood flows continued to
      increase as a function of speed through 75 m/min. The purpose of the present
      study was to have rats run up to maximal treadmill speeds to determine if blood
      flows in the muscles reach a plateau as a function of running speed over the
      animals' normal range of locomotory speeds. Muscle blood flows were measured with
      radiolabeled microspheres at 1 min of running at 75, 90, and 105 m/min in male
      Sprague-Dawley rats. The data indicate that even at these relatively high
      treadmill speeds there was still no clear evidence of a plateau in blood flow in
      most of the hindlimb muscles. Flows in most muscles continued to increase as a
      function of speed. These observed patterns of blood flow vs. running speed may
      have resulted from the rigorous selection of rats that were capable of performing
      the high-intensity exercise and thus only be representative of a highly specific
      population of animals. On the other hand, the data could be interpreted to
      indicate that the cardiovascular potential during exercise is considerably higher
      in laboratory rats than has normally been assumed and that inadequate blood flow
      delivery to the muscles does not serve as a major limitation to their locomotory
      performance.

PMID- 4055610
TI  - Wedge pressure in large vs. small pulmonary arteries to detect pulmonary
      venoconstriction.
AB  - Pulmonary arterial wedge pressure measures the pressure where blood flow resumes
      on the venous side. By occlusion of a large artery, the point where blood flow
      resumes will be in or near the left atrium. However, by occlusion of a small
      artery, it is possible to shift the point where flow resumes to a more proximal
      site in the veins and thus measure a pressure within the small veins. Increased
      pulmonary venous pressure, as a result of partial obstruction in the large veins,
      may not be detected by wedging a Swan-Ganz catheter in a large artery but may be
      detected by wedging in a small artery. We demonstrated this phenomenon in open
      chest dogs by mechanically obstructing the left lower lobar vein or by infusing
      histamine to cause a generalized pulmonary venoconstriction. The wedge pressure
      measured by a 7-F Swan-Ganz catheter, with its balloon inflated in the main left
      lower lobar artery, nearly equaled left atrial pressure. On the other hand, the
      wedge pressure measured with a 7-F, 5-F, or a PE-50 catheter advanced into a
      small artery (without a balloon) was considerably higher than left atrial
      pressure. These results suggest that high resistance in the pulmonary veins can
      be demonstrated with the Swan-Ganz catheter by comparing the pressures obtained
      with the catheter wedged in a small and large artery.

PMID- 4055611
TI  - Influence of hormones and growth factors on viability, DNA, and protein content
      of adult hepatocytes in primary culture.
AB  - The survival of adult rat hepatocytes in monolayer culture was studied in the
      presence of different hormones (neurotensin, oxytocin, thyrotropin releasing
      hormone, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, cholecalciferol, bradykinin,
      substance P, aldosterone, melanocyte stimulating hormone, 3,3',5-triiodo-1
      thyronine, corticosterone, human growth hormone, glucagon, insulin, progesterone,
      testosterone, estradiol, and dexamethasone phosphate) or growth factors (fetal
      bovine serum). For this purpose trypan blue exclusion, lactate dehydrogenase, and
      DNA and protein content were measured at 24 and 72 h of culture. 10(-7) M
      Dexamethasone, a mixture of eight hormones, 10% fetal bovine serum, and a
      combination of the latter two supplements caused a more than 64% higher DNA
      content at 72 h when compared to control cultures. A striking agreement of these
      results with changes of lactate dehydrogenase leakage was observed, whereas
      trypan blue exclusion gave erratic results. Considerable changes of cell
      arrangement apparently specific for each supplement were observed by low
      magnification microscopy. It is concluded that glucocorticoids and fetal bovine
      serum have an outstanding effect on cell viability and that DNA or protein
      content or both are reliable indicators of cell viability in amitotic cultures.

PMID- 4055612
TI  - Analyses for in vitro growth conditions, cytokinetics, and sister chromatid
      exchanges in lymphocytes cultured from the Sprague-Dawley rat.
AB  - Peripheral blood samples from Sprague-Dawley rats gave successful lymphocyte
      growth in GIBCO: 1A, RPMI 1640, and Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM)
      culture media. Various growth conditions, cytokinetics, and sister chromatic
      exchange (SCE) induction were studied using reconstituted GIBCO 1A only. Neither
      methoxyflurane anesthesia of the rats before sampling nor washing of the cells
      with phosphate buffered saline affected the mitotic index. Cultures treated with
      [3H]thymidine showed the lymphocytes entering into DNA synthesis after
      approximately 24 h. The time at which BUdR (5-bromo-2' deoxyuridine) was added,
      i.e. 0 vs. 24 h incubation, had minimal effect on the mitotic index of cultures
      harvested at 48 h. However, when harvest was extended to 72 h, mitotic activity
      was greater in the cultures treated with BUdR at 24 h. No significant differences
      in mitotic index and the number of average lymphocyte division were detected in
      cultures exposed to 0.3 to 0.5 microgram/ml BUdR at 24 h and harvested at 72 h.
      Although SCE frequencies increased in the presence of BUdR, the baseline level of
      SCEs was estimated to be 5 to 6/cell. Average generation time of the lymphocytes
      dividing between 48 and 72 h was 16.5 h. Because of its simplicity of culture and
      the reproducible nature of its in vitro growth kinetics, the Sprague-Dawley rat
      lymphocyte is a suitable model for cytogenetic investigations.

PMID- 4055613
TI  - Culture of sweat gland epithelial cells from normal individuals and patients with
      cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Recent electrophysiological and pharmacological studies have confirmed previous
      clinical evidence that the gene defect in cystic fibrosis is strongly expressed
      in the sweat gland. This has provided a major impetus to efforts to culture the
      cells of this tissue in order to provide a source of experimental material for
      molecular studies. Toward this end, eccrine sweat glands were isolated from
      collagenase treated skin specimens and the secretory coil and the reabsorptive
      duct separated. Segments of each portion of the gland were transferred to a
      plastic or collagen substrate and covered with serum-containing or serum-free
      defined growth media. Epithelial cell outgrowth took place in both media but
      fibroblast overgrowth occurred in the presence of serum at concentrations as low
      as 1%. In serum-free medium both secretory and reabsorptive cells formed tightly
      joined epithelial sheets, first as monolayers and later as multilayers consisting
      of at least six cell layers. Growth continued for approximately fifteen
      generations each of about two and a half days. Remarkably large domes or
      hemicysts with diameters as great as two cm were formed, apparently attesting to
      the retention of the capacity of the cells to actively transport ions and water.
      Ultrastructurally, cells which grew out from the secretory coil resembled the
      fluid secreting clear cells; neither dark cells nor myoepithelial cells were
      propagated.

PMID- 4055614
TI  - Identification and quantitation of sulfamethazine metabolites by liquid
      chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - Methods for the identification and quantitation of carbon-14 labeled
      sulfamethazine [4-amino-N-(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)benzenesulfonamide], N4
      acetylsulfamethazine, the N4-glucose conjugate of sulfamethazine, and
      desaminosulfamethazine in swine tissue are described. Tissues are ground and
      extracted with methanol, and the 14C-labeled compounds are purified by XAD-2
      column chromatography and C-18 reverse phase liquid chromatography (LC) and the
      14C-labeled compounds are then methylated and identified by gas chromatography
      mass spectrometry analysis. Quantitation is accomplished by measuring the amount
      of 14C-activity that cochromatographs (C-18 reverse phase LC) with reference
      compounds.

PMID- 4055615
TI  - Overview of physical-chemical methods for determining aminoglycoside antibiotics
      in tissues and fluids of food-producing animals.
AB  - A survey of literature is presented dealing with physical-chemical methods for
      the detection and quantitation of aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin,
      streptomycin, dihydrostreptomycin, and neomycin) that are used in food-producing
      animals. Recent developments in cleanup and determinative procedures,
      particularly liquid chromatography, for these compounds in fluids and tissues are
      emphasized. Little research has been done on residues in tissues compared with
      other biological matrices. This review also covers the chemistry, general
      characteristics, tolerances, and withdrawal times for the approved uses of these
      antibiotics in animals that are used for food.

PMID- 4055616
TI  - Liquid chromatographic assay of tetracyclines in tissues of food-producing
      animals.
AB  - A survey of the literature is presented on liquid chromatographic (LC)
      determination of tetracyclines in plasma, urine, and tissues of food-producing
      animals. Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) research on tetracyclines
      during 1973-1984 is discussed, including the thin layer chromatographic
      qualitative identification method for tissues. Research on development of LC
      column packings for trace level chromatography of tetracyclines and
      anhydrotetracyclines is also discussed. Data are shown for recovery, ruggedness
      testing, and analyst qualification studies on the tentative version of the LC
      method.

PMID- 4055617
TI  - Antibiotic identification by high voltage electrophoresis bioautography.
AB  - The high voltage electrophoresis bioautography method is applicable to meat,
      milk, and animal feeds. Meat is freeze-dried, powdered, and extracted with
      acetonitrile-water (9 + 1), and the extract is concentrated by evaporation at
      room temperature. Milk is examined directly or following acetonitrile-water
      extraction. Feed is extracted with acetonitrile-water. Samples or extracts are
      applied to preliminary assay plates of antibiotic medium No. 1 at pH 6 and 8,
      seeded with Micrococcus luteus (ATCC 9341), M. luteus DHSR (ATCC 9341A), Bacillus
      cereus (ATCC 11778), or B. cereus K250 TR (NCIB 11183), and nutrient agar at pH 7
      seeded with B. subtilis BGA. Inactivation of penicillinase indicates beta-lactam
      antibiotics. Addition of trimethoprim increases sensitivity to sulfonamides.
      After 18-24 h incubation at 30 degrees C, plates yielding clear inhibition zones
      guide selection of conditions for subsequent electrophoresis bioautography.
      Extracts are applied (5-100 microL) to 10 mm diameter wells on electrophoresis
      plates 60 cm long and 40 cm wide, with a gel depth of 1.6 mm. The support medium
      is 1% agar and 1% agarose in Tris/succinic acid buffers pH 6 and pH 8. A
      potential of 1500 V is applied for 1.5 h at 15 degrees C. Following
      electrophoresis, the migrated antibiotics are visualized by over-layering with
      antibiotic medium No. 1, pH 6 or 8, seeded with M. luteus or B. cereus spore
      suspension; plates are incubated for 18-24 h at 30 degrees C. Identification is
      based on results of preliminary screening together with electrophoretic migration
      distances and inhibition zone appearances compared with standards.

PMID- 4055618
TI  - Enzymatic-ultraviolet determination of glucose and fructose in wine:
      collaborative study.
AB  - This collaborative study on the determination of glucose and fructose in wine was
      performed by 18 laboratories on 4 matched pairs of commercial wine. The method
      uses the enzymes hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and
      phosphoglucose isomerase and the coenzyme nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide
      phosphate. Both glucose and fructose can be determined in the same sample without
      separation. The method is simple but care is necessary to ensure precise transfer
      of small volumes. Repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations for
      glucose ranged from 2.6 to 14.6 mg/L and 4.7 to 16.5 mg/L, respectively.
      Repeatability and reproducibility values for fructose ranged from 2.4 to 16.1
      mg/L and 6.0 to 21.3 mg/L, respectively. The method has been adopted official
      first action.

PMID- 4055619
TI  - Enzymatic-ultraviolet determination of L-citric acid in wine: collaborative
      study.
AB  - A collaborative study was carried out on an enzymatic method for the
      determination of L-citric acid in wine, using the enzymes citrate lyase, malate
      dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase and the coenzyme nicotinamide-adenine
      dinucleotide phosphate. The study was performed by 18 laboratories using 4 blind
      duplicates of commercial wine. The method is simple and shows good precision.
      Coefficients of variation (CV) for reproducibility ranged from 1.8 to 3.4%; CVs
      for repeatability ranged from 0.76 to 2.62%. Analysts are cautioned to check the
      linear absorbance response of their spectrophotometers when performing this assay
      and also to take care in pipetting the relatively small volumes used in this
      procedure. The method has been adopted official first action.

PMID- 4055620
TI  - Amino acid analysis of feedstuff hydrolysates by cation exchange high performance
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - Corn, peanut meal, and soybean meal samples were either untreated or oxidized
      with performic acid before hydrolysis; the amino acids were determined by cation
      exchange high performance liquid chromatography (LC) and conventional cation
      exchange LC using an amino acid analyzer (AAA). Reproducibility of each procedure
      was assessed by repeated injections of the same calibration standard solution
      over a period of several days. LC data were more precise with regard to
      coefficients of variation for amino acid retention times, but were more variable
      with regard to peak areas. Although some significant differences between methods
      were noted, feedstuff amino acid values obtained by LC and AAA compared very
      well. The only consistent differences observed within each feedstuff were that
      Phe and Tyr values were significantly lower when analyzed by LC compared with
      AAA. Results of this study suggest that modular LC instrumentation can be used to
      accurately and reproducibly analyze amino acids in feedstuff hydrolysates.
      Advantages of using ninhydrin derivatization for feedstuff analysis, as opposed
      to using o-phthalaldehyde or dansyl chloride, are discussed.

PMID- 4055621
TI  - Liquid chromatographic method for determination of furazolidone in premixes and
      complete feeds: collaborative study.
AB  - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determining furazolidone in finished
      feeds and premixes was collaboratively studied. Finished feed sample is extracted
      with acetone-water (93 + 7) on a Goldfisch apparatus, extracting solvent is
      removed, and the residual material is dissolved in warm DMF. A solution of
      tetraethylammonium bromide is added, the fat layer is removed, and the sample is
      clarified by filtration and injected onto a reverse phase LC system with
      detection at 365 nm. Premixes, extracted by shaking with DMF and diluted so that
      the final furazolidone concentration is about 55 micrograms/mL, are
      chromatographed and detected the same as finished feed samples, using a mobile
      phase of acetonitrile-2% acetic acid (20 + 80). Ten commercial feed samples were
      preweighed and supplied to 14 collaborators. The 5 matched pairs were chosen to
      represent the following allowed levels: 0.0055, 0.022, 0.033, 2.2, and 22%. Two
      familiarization samples at the 0.0055 and 11% levels were also supplied.
      Instructions called for a single analysis of each sample. Two results were
      eliminated by the Dixon test. The coefficients of variation, following treatment
      by the ranking test, ranged from 2.0 at the 22% level to 6.5 at the 0.0055%
      level. Calculated F-values are not significant (P greater than 0.01) except for
      the 0.0055% level samples extracted overnight. This method has been adopted
      official first action.

PMID- 4055622
TI  - Determination of small quantities of atropine in commercial preparations by
      liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.
AB  - A method is presented for the determination of small quantities of atropine in
      commercial preparations by liquid chromatography (LC) with fluorescence
      detection. The sample is extracted with CHCl3 from basic suspension, the CHCl3 is
      evaporated on the steam bath, and the dry residue is dissolved in a small volume
      of CH3OH. A reverse phase column is used for the LC analysis; the eluting solvent
      is prepared by mixing 950 mL CH3OH with 50 mL water containing 1 g of the sodium
      salt of 1-pentanesulfonic acid. The fluorescence detector is set at an excitation
      wavelength of 255 nm and an emission wavelength of 285 nm. Several commercial
      tablets and injections containing atropine in combination with other ingredients
      and a commercial sample of belladonna extract were analyzed by the proposed
      method. Recoveries of atropine sulfate from aqueous solutions averaged 100.7%
      with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.35% for atropine sulfate levels of
      0.12 mg. Recoveries of atropine sulfate from synthetic injection formulations
      were 99.8 and 100.0% with RSDs of 2.03 and 2.35%, respectively; the atropine
      sulfate concentrations of commercial injections with the same formulations were
      found to be 97.0 and 100.0% of the labeled amounts with RSDs of 0.53 and 1.46%,
      respectively.

PMID- 4055623
TI  - Spectrophotometric analysis of mixtures of acetaminophen, salicylamide, and
      codeine phosphate in tablets.
AB  - A simple and accurate spectrophotometric procedure for the analysis of a mixture
      of acetaminophen, salicylamide, and codeine phosphate is described. Determination
      of the first 2 components depends on pH-induced differential spectral changes of
      their nitroso derivatives. The third component is assayed by the acid dye method.
      The proposed procedure was successfully applied to the analysis of laboratory
      made and commercial tablets containing the ternary drug mixture.

PMID- 4055624
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of colchicine in pharmaceuticals:
      collaborative study.
AB  - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method for the determination of colchicine in
      pharmaceutical dosage forms and the bulk drug was evaluated in an interlaboratory
      study which included 13 participating laboratories. The method involves
      extraction (or dissolution) of the active ingredient with methanol-water (1 + 1),
      followed by filtration of the extract and reverse phase LC using an octylsilane
      bonded phase column and UV detection at 254 nm. The mobile phase consists of a
      methanol-phosphate buffer mixture (pH = 5.5). Three commercial tablet
      formulations (0.5-0.6 mg colchicine/tablet), 1 synthetic injectable preparation
      (0.510 mg colchicine/mL), and 1 bulk drug sample were assayed in duplicate by the
      proposed method. The reproducibility and repeatability standard deviations based
      on nonpooled results for each sample ranged from 0.0062 mg/mL to 0.0147 mg/tablet
      and from 0.0037 mg/mL to 0.0127 mg/tablet, respectively; the corresponding
      coefficients of variation ranged from 1.21 to 2.54% and from 0.73 to 2.19%,
      respectively. The mean recovery from the synthetic injectable formulation was
      100.0%. The method has been adopted official first action.

PMID- 4055626
TI  - Polarographic determination and aqueous potentiometric titration of cimetidine in
      tablets.
AB  - A method is described which uses the direct current (dc) polarographic behavior
      of cimetidine in a strong acid solution to determine this compound. The
      diffusional characteristics of the reduction wave of cimetidine in 1M HCl (about 
      0.8 V vs SCE) are shown, and their analytical usefulness was studied. This
      polarographic method was used to determine cimetidine in standard solutions
      ranging from 4 to 80 micrograms/mL with a coefficient of variation of 1.3%, and
      was further applied to the determination of cimetidine in tablets. The results
      obtained by the dc polarographic method agree with those obtained by an aqueous
      potentiometric titration of cimetidine with HClO4 and estimation of the end point
      by the Gran graphic method.

PMID- 4055625
TI  - Ion-pair column chromatographic determination of trimethobenzamide hydrochloride
      in capsule and injection dosage forms: collaborative study.
AB  - An ion-pair column chromatographic method was developed for the determination of
      trimethobenzamide hydrochloride in capsules and injection dosage forms. Detection
      is by UV spectrophotometry at 261 nm. Recoveries by the Associate Referee ranged
      from 98.3 to 101.0% for the drug substance. Results by 5 collaborators for
      capsules averaged 99.1% of labeled or theoretical with coefficients of variation
      (CVs) of 1.81% (reproducibility) and 1.17% (repeatability); results for
      injections averaged 100.4% of labeled or theoretical with CVs of 1.91%
      (reproducibility) and 0.69% (repeatability). The method has been adopted official
      first action.

PMID- 4055627
TI  - Analysis of fat-soluble vitamins. XXIX. Liquid chromatographic determination of
      vitamin D in AD concentrates: collaborative study.
AB  - A simplified liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determining vitamin D in
      vitamin AD concentrates (greater than or equal to 5000 IU vitamin D/g) was
      collaboratively studied. In the simplified method, the 2 columns specified in
      AOAC LC method 43.101-43.109 are replaced by a single column, which separates the
      vitamin D isomers and the vitamin A esters. The procedure for oils includes
      dissolution and quantitation by normal phase LC. Dry multivitamin concentrates
      and aqueous dispersions are treated with an enzyme system and the vitamins are
      extracted with n-pentane. Six coded samples were distributed to 16 laboratories;
      15 collaborators returned their results. Estimates of repeatability and
      reproducibility for the oil samples were 1.1 and 3.1%, respectively; for the high
      level concentrated dry preparation 1.4 and 3.9% and for the low-level
      concentrated dry preparation 1.3 and 11.4%, respectively. These values are a
      considerable improvement over the results obtained in the 1979 multivitamin
      collaborative study. The method has been adopted official first action for
      determination of vitamin D in vitamin AD concentrates containing greater than or
      equal to 5000 IU vitamin D/g.

PMID- 4055628
TI  - Oxidation and hydrolysis determination of sulfur amino acids in food and feed
      ingredients: collaborative study.
AB  - Samples of 6 food and feed ingredients and a purified protein, beta
      lactoglobulin, were analyzed by 7 laboratories to determine the concentrations of
      cysteine as cysteic acid and methionine as methionine sulfone. Samples were
      oxidized by reaction with performic acid before hydrolysis with 6N HCl. The free
      amino acids were then separated and measured by ion-exchange chromatography on
      dedicated amino acid analyzers. Each laboratory was provided with a detailed
      method as well as sealed vials containing solutions of standards. For the
      determination of cysteine as cysteic acid, the coefficients of variation between
      laboratories for duplicate samples ranged from 7.13 to 10.8% for the 6
      ingredients. For the determination of methionine as methionine sulfone, the
      coefficients of variation between laboratories for duplicate samples ranged from
      1.18 to 12.8% for the 6 ingredients. Cysteine and methionine recoveries were
      determined by analysis of beta-lactoglobulin and were based on expected levels of
      each amino acid from amino acid sequence data. The mean recovery of cysteine was
      95% with a range of 91-101%. The mean recovery of methionine was 101% with a
      range of 98-106%. This method has been adopted official first action.

PMID- 4055629
TI  - Performance characteristics of methods of analysis used for regulatory purposes.
      I. Drug dosage forms. E. miscellaneous methods.
AB  - Precision parameters of miscellaneous methods for the analysis of drug dosage
      forms approved by AOAC since 1972, and not previously reviewed in this series,
      were recalculated on a consistent statistical basis by using the computer program
      FDACHEMIST. Seventeen published collaborative studies were reviewed; the studies
      encompassed 19 analytes in 80 different materials (dosage forms), 102
      collaborative assays, approximately 10 laboratories per study, and principally
      direct spectrophotometric, polarographic, and spectroscopic methods, for a total
      of 1451 determinations. The average repeatability relative standard deviation
      (within-laboratories, RSDo) for the instrumental methods was 1.5%; the
      reproducibility relative standard deviation (among-laboratories, including within
      , RSDx) was 2.6%; the ratio RSDo/RSDx of the averages was 0.57, with an average
      outlier rate of 2.7% of the reported determinations. The line of best fit of RSDx
      for the instrumental methods plotted against the negative logarithm of the
      concentration increases slightly with decreasing concentration, extending from an
      RSDx of approximately 2.0% at 100% concentration to an RSDx of 3.4% at 0.001% (10
      ppm) concentration; this represents an RSDx change of approximately 0.3%
      (absolute) for each 10-fold decrease in concentration, independent of analyte,
      matrix, and method. A method for determining precipitated allergenic protein by
      the micro-Kjeldahl technique appeared to be outside this general relation,
      showing an RSDx of about 13% at a concentration of 0.015% (150 ppm) nitrogen.

PMID- 4055630
TI  - Pesticides, selected elements, and other chemicals in infant and toddler total
      diet samples, October 1978-September 1979.
AB  - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conducts Total Diet Studies to
      determine the dietary intake of selected pesticides, industrial chemicals, and
      elements (including radionuclides). These studies involve the retail purchase and
      analysis of foods representative of the diets of infants, toddlers, and adults.
      The individual food items are separated into a number of food groups, each of
      which is analyzed as a composite. This report summarizes the results for infant
      and toddler Total Diet samples collected in 10 cities between October 1978 and
      September 1979. The average concentration, range of concentrations, and
      calculated average daily intake of the chemicals found are presented by food
      group. The average daily intakes of the chemicals are similar to those found in
      the several preceding years and generally are within acceptable limits. The
      results for samples collected during the same period that represent the adult
      diet are reported separately.

PMID- 4055631
TI  - Pesticides, selected elements, and other chemicals in adult total diet samples,
      October 1978-September 1979.
AB  - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conducts Total Diet Studies to
      determine the dietary intake of selected pesticides, industrial chemicals, and
      elements (including radionuclides). These studies involve the retail purchase and
      analysis of foods representative of the diets of infants, toddlers, and adults.
      The individual food items are separated into a number of food groups, each of
      which is analyzed as a composite. This report summarizes the results for adult
      Total Diet samples collected in 20 cities between October 1978 and September
      1979. The average concentration, range of concentrations, and calculated average
      daily intake of each chemical found are presented by food group. The average
      daily intakes of the chemicals are similar to those found in the several
      preceding years and are within acceptable limits. The results for samples
      collected during the same period that represent the diets of infants and toddlers
      are reported separately.

PMID- 4055632
TI  - Automated methods for determination of fat and moisture in meat and poultry
      products: collaborative study.
AB  - A collaborative study was conducted to compare automated methods for rapid
      determination of fat and moisture in meat and poultry products with the official
      AOAC solvent extraction and forced-air oven methods, respectively. Fourteen
      products were tested, with fat and moisture contents ranging from 2 to 43% and 44
      to 74%, respectively. Eight of the collaborating laboratories analyzed the
      products by using a moisture/fat analyzer; 4 laboratories used the AOAC methods.
      Standard deviations for within-laboratory repeatability, between-laboratory
      reproducibility, and bias for each product indicated that the rapid methods were
      acceptable. The moisture/fat analyzer methods have been adopted official first
      action for fat and moisture analyses in meat and poultry products.

PMID- 4055633
TI  - Evaluation of liquid chromatographic methods for analysis of chlorphoxim
      formulations.
AB  - Liquid chromatographic (LC) methods for determination of active ingredient in
      chlorphoxim formulations have been developed independently by Bayer AG and the
      Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Both methods specify separation on a silica
      gel column. The Bayer method uses a 5% solution of tetrahydrofuran in hexane as
      the eluting solvent and quantitates results on the basis of an external standard.
      The CDC method uses a 5% solution of ethyl acetate in hexane as the eluting
      solvent and uses 4-fluorophenyl sulfone as an internal standard. The 2 methods
      were compared by replicate analyses of samples of chlorphoxim technical and water
      dispersible powder and emulsifiable concentrate formulations. The precision of
      both methods was acceptable.

PMID- 4055634
TI  - Brine saturation technique for extraction of light filth from rubbed, ground, and
      whole sage: collaborative study.
AB  - A new approach to the isolation of light filth from the 3 commercial forms of
      sage was studied collaboratively. It incorporates a simple isopropanol defatting,
      followed by saturation of the product with brine by alternately heating and
      cooling, and subsequent trapping of filth from tap water with olive oil. This
      method circumvents the use of hazardous, expensive solvents and more time
      consuming pretreatment procedures. Overall recoveries were 92.1% for rodent hair
      and 78.7% for insect fragments on clean, easy-to-read papers. An additional
      blending step was necessary to obtain satisfactory recovery of rodent hair
      fragments from whole sage. The method has been adopted official first action for
      light filth in rubbed and ground sage only.

PMID- 4055635
TI  - Ruggedness testing of the official method for rot fragments in comminuted tomato
      products.
AB  - The official AOAC method for rot fragments in comminuted tomato products (44.224)
      has been revised on the basis of Youden's ruggedness testing procedures to
      provide better control over the sources of variability. Two sets of ruggedness
      tests were carried out to evaluate the type of balance used to weigh the sample,
      amount of stain, staining time, sieve design, technique used to transfer stained
      material from beaker to sieve, washing technique used to accumulate stained
      material at edge of sieve, diameter of eye dropper used to transfer sample from
      sieve to graduated tube, number of 0.5 mL portions examined, and magnification
      used to examine prepared slides. A 3-way analysis of variance conducted on amount
      of stain, transfer technique, and washing technique showed that the transfer and
      washing techniques were significant areas of variability.

PMID- 4055636
TI  - Extraction of light filth from unground marjoram: collaborative study.
AB  - The present method for filth in underground marjoram is conducted in 2 parts. The
      first of these, which is for heavy filth and sand, requires the spice to be
      boiled with petroleum ether, then floated off with chloroform and, if needed,
      carbon tetrachloride. The second part, which is for light filth, is dependent on
      completion of the heavy filth section. After the spice is air-dried, the light
      filth is extracted with heptane and water. The proposed method was developed to
      make light filth independent of heavy filth analysis, improve filth recoveries,
      and reduce microscopic examination time. The light filth is extracted by ethanol
      defatting followed by a combination 15-60% ethanol/mineral oil extraction in a
      Wildman trap flask. Tween 80-NaEDTA solution is added to the trapping system to
      reduce the rising of excess plant material to the trap interface. The official
      method (AOAC 13th edition secs 44.142, 44.120(b)) produced an average of 8
      extraction papers per test portion and microscopic examination took an average of
      88 min per test portion. The official method gave average recoveries of 14% for
      rodent hairs and 26% for insect fragments with 2 spike levels of 15 and 30 for
      each filth element. Recoveries of the 2 levels of each spike were not
      significantly different (P greater than 0.05). The proposed method gave average
      recoveries of 73% for rodent hairs and 70% for insect fragments. The proposed
      method has been adopted official first action to replace AOAC 13th edition secs
      44.142 and 44.120(b) for unground marjoram only.

PMID- 4055637
TI  - Simultaneous gas chromatographic determination of carboxylic acids in soft drinks
      and jams.
AB  - A method was developed for simultaneous gas chromatographic determination of
      sorbic acid, dehydroacetic acid, and benzoic acid used as preservatives, and
      succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid used as acidulants in
      soft drinks and jams. A sample was dissolved in NH4OH-NH4Cl pH 9 buffer solution,
      and an aliquot of the solution was passed through a QAE-Sephadex A 25 column. The
      column was washed with water, and the carboxylic acids were eluted with 0.1N HCl.
      Sorbic acid, dehydroacetic acid, and benzoic acid were extracted with ethyl ether
      petroleum ether (1 + 1), and determined on a 5% DEGS + 1% H3PO4 column. Succinic
      acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid in the lower layer were
      derivatized with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide and trimethylchlorosilane, and
      determined on a 3% SE-30 column. Recoveries from soft drink and jam samples
      fortified with 0.1% each of 7 carboxylic acids ranged from 92.4 to 102.6% for
      preservatives, and from 88.1 to 103.2% for acidulants.

PMID- 4055638
TI  - AOAC/CIPAC symposium on analysis of pesticide products, impurities, and
      degradation materials. 98th annual international meeting of the Association of
      Official Analytical Chemists. October, 1984.

PMID- 4055639
TI  - Problems and results of trace analysis of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in
      2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and its esters.
AB  - Quantitative analysis of tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (TCDDs) has gained
      increasing importance in the public domain. The analytical problem is complex
      because of the large number of interfering isomers and the extremely low limit of
      determination enforced by legislation. DAPA elaborated a procedure based on the
      latest published methods and on the existing experience of the collaborators.
      This procedure involves preseparation of the original sample on a silica column
      and cleanup by liquid chromatography (LC) on alumina. Alkaline saponification of
      2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) esters seems to create artificial
      dioxins in the organic extract. Final determination is performed by capillary gas
      chromatography (GC)-low resolution mass spectrometry (MS). Final international
      collaborative work was carried out on 4 samples. Results were reported by 13 of
      20 laboratories. Mean values ranged from 3.5 to 8.7 micrograms/kg. The
      interlaboratory reproducibilities ranged from 3.4 to 8.2 micrograms/kg (about
      100% of the mean value).

PMID- 4055640
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of benzo[a]pyrene in total particulate
      matter of cigarette smoke.
AB  - The benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) delivery of reference and commercially available tobacco
      cigarettes, as well as reference and placebo marijuana cigarettes, is determined
      using a sequential liquid chromatographic/liquid chromatographic procedure. The
      total particulate matter of sample cigarette smoke is collected using a Cambridge
      filter pad, which is ultrasonically extracted with acetone. The resulting extract
      is filtered, then fractionated using semipreparative-scale normal phase liquid
      chromatography (LC). Quantitative determination is achieved using analytical
      scale reverse phase LC equipped with a fluorescence detector. The method is
      precise (+/- 10-15% relative standard deviation) and yields 85% or better BaP
      recovery at the ng/cig. level. A single pad may be analyzed in 8 person-hours,
      while a more typical lot of 12 pads (6 pads each for 2 cigarette brands) may be
      analyzed in 10 person-days.

PMID- 4055641
TI  - Multiresidue gas chromatographic method for determining organochlorine pesticides
      in meats: validation study for swine and beef fats.
AB  - A validation of a previously studied method for determining organochlorine
      residues in poultry fat was conducted to extend the usefulness of the method to
      beef and swine fats. The validation samples consisted of 16 materials all
      analyzed in duplicate. Fortification levels ranged from 0.02 to 1.2 ppm for alpha
      BHC, lindane, cis- and trans-chlordane, octachlor epoxide, o,p'- and p,p'-DDT,
      p,p'-DDE, p,p'-TDE, hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endrin,
      methoxychlor, mirex, and toxaphene. The average recovery was 101% with a range of
      79-113%, not including toxaphene. The ranges of coefficients of variation were
      CVo = 0-23.37% and CVx = 3.74-26.19%. The results were comparable to the previous
      collaborative study of the same method for poultry fat. The extended method has
      been adopted official first action.

PMID- 4055642
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fish
      and shellfish.
AB  - A simple and accurate analytical method for determination of polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fish and shellfish is presented, which is considered to be
      useful for routine analyses and for screening purposes. The procedure involves
      alkaline digestion, extraction with n-hexane, silica gel column chromatography,
      and liquid chromatographic (LC) determination with fluorometric detection. During
      development of the analytical method for determination of PAHs, it was found that
      benzo[a]pyrene, a representative PAH, was decomposed easily by the analytical
      procedure, and this tendency was investigated for the experimental conditions
      used. Benzo[a]pyrene was decomposed by the coexistence of alkaline conditions,
      light, and oxygen; by peroxides in aged ethyl ether; and by oxygen when absorbed
      on silica gel. Thus, to obtain good recoveries and precise analytical results,
      these decomposition conditions must be avoided. The following precautions are
      recommended: protection from light through all analytical steps; addition of Na2S
      to alkaline digestion mixture as an antioxidant; complete removal of peroxides
      from ethyl ether just before use; quick column chromatography on silica gel; and
      prevention of air from contact with adsorbent. When this simple method was
      applied to fish and shellfish samples, very good recoveries of PAHs from
      fortified fish samples were obtained, and no serious interferences were observed
      in fish and shellfish extracts.

PMID- 4055643
TI  - Rapid liquid chromatographic determination of patulin in apple juice.
AB  - A rapid method is described for the quantitative determination of patulin in
      apple juice. The mycotoxin is extracted from the sample with ethyl acetate and
      the extract is cleaned up by extraction with a sodium carbonate solution. Patulin
      is determined by reverse phase liquid chromatography using a muBondapak C18
      column and a 254 nm ultraviolet detector. The lower detection limit in patulin
      standard solution is 0.32 ng and recovery is greater than 75%.

PMID- 4055644
TI  - Symposium on physical-chemical methods for determining antibiotic residues in
      tissues and milk of food-producing animals. 98th Annual International Meeting of
      the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. October 1984.

PMID- 4055645
TI  - Antibiotic residues in animal-derived food.
AB  - Antibiotics are used extensively in food-producing animals to maintain optimal
      health and promote growth. The use of these drugs has the potential to leave drug
      related residues such as parent drug and metabolites in meat, milk, and eggs. For
      those drugs that require a withholding period to ensure that residues in the food
      products are below established tolerances, methods of analysis are required. The
      majority of approved antibiotics are assayed by microbiological methods. Although
      these methods are suitable for screening for drug residues, they often lack the
      specificity and precision required of regulatory methods. Present requirements
      for regulatory methods have resulted in the submission of physical-chemical
      methods in support of New Animal Drug Applications for antibiotics.

PMID- 4055646
TI  - Multiresidue method for determination of eight neutral beta-lactam penicillins in
      milk by fluorescence-liquid chromatography.
AB  - A method of determining total penicillins begins with an enzymatic hydrolysis of
      the beta-lactam ring to form their respective penicilloate product. Acetonitrile
      precipitates much of the casein and protein, which are then separated from the
      liquid by centrifugation. The lipids are removed from the aqueous fraction with
      methylene chloride. Mercuric chloride is added, which reacts with the
      penicilloate to liberate the side chain that has a terminal aldehyde. These
      penilloaldehyde products are extracted with methylene chloride and are
      subsequently reacted with dansyl hydrazine. The resulting fluorolabeled side
      chains are separated by liquid chromatography on a C18 column with acetonitrile
      water as mobile phase. The fluorescence is measured by the mercury line at 254 nm
      excitation wavelength and a 500 nm filter on the emission side. The overall
      average recoveries from milk spiked at 25, 50, and 100 ppb are benzyl penicillin
      79.4%; phenoxymethyl penicillin 59.7%; phenethicillin 75.9%; nafcillin 87.7%;
      methacillin 47.5%; oxacillin 57.6%; cloxicillin 37.3%; and dicloxicillin 26.4%.

PMID- 4055647
TI  - Methods for determination of ionophore-type antibiotic residues in animal
      tissues.
AB  - Methods for the analysis of polyether antibiotics in animal tissues and fluids
      are described. For monensin and nigericin, only methods based on bioautography
      are available. For lasalocid, in addition to TLC bioautography for quantitation
      in chicken skin and fat, LC methods based on fluorescence detection have been
      developed for quantitation in animal blood, milk, liver, skin, and fat. In
      addition, a confirmatory method for lasalocid is described; this is based on
      purification by LC followed by silylation and pyrolysis gas chromatography
      positive chemical ionization mass spectrometry.

PMID- 4055648
TI  - Chromatographic methods for determination of macrolide antibiotic residues in
      tissues and milk of food-producing animals.
AB  - Tylosin, an antibiotic developed specifically for agricultural use, and
      erythromycin are the main macrolide antibiotics used in animal production. Two
      dimensional thin layer chromatography has been used for detection of tylosin in
      poultry meat, eggs, and milk and for erythromycin in poultry meat. Detection
      limits reported are, for tylosin, 0.1 ppm in poultry meat, 0.05 ppm in egg, and
      0.01 ppm in milk, and for erythromycin, 0.25 ppm in poultry meat. Liquid
      chromatography (LC) has also been used for determination of tylosin in milk,
      blood, and tissues of animals. Samples (milk, blood serum, or tissue homogenates
      in water or pH 2.2 buffer) were deproteinized with acetonitrile, tylosin was
      partitioned into methylene chloride, and the extracts were concentrated and
      dissolved in acetonitrile. Chromatography was done on a reverse phase end-capped
      C18 column using 0.002-0.005 M ammonium dihydrogen phosphate-acetonitrile
      methanol (10 + 60 + 30-5 + 80 + 15). Solvent composition was varied with the type
      of sample analyzed. The method will detect 0.1 ppm tylosin in tissues and less in
      milk and blood serum. The LC method was more sensitive than microbiological
      assays for detection of tylosin in tissues of treated swine; recoveries of
      tylosin by the LC method were frequently several-fold higher.

PMID- 4055649
TI  - Trace analysis of chloramphenicol residues in eggs, milk, and meat: comparison of
      gas chromatography and radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A radioimmunological assay (RIA) to detect chloramphenicol (CAP) residues in
      eggs, milk, and meat is described. For tissues and other edible products of
      chloramphenicol-treated animals (chickens, cows, and pigs), the limit of
      detection is about 200 ng/kg. Residue levels above 1 microgram/kg can easily be
      quantitated. When highly specific antisera produced in sheep were used, cross
      reactivity was insignificant except for metabolites deviating from the parent
      compound in the acyl side chain only. Thiamphenicol fails to bind to the
      antisera; hence, it does not interfere with the assay. In the procedure
      described, the role of cleanup is merely to remove lipids. Thus, skim milk can be
      analyzed following appropriate dilution without cleanup. The results obtained by
      RIA were confirmed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The new
      RIA allows rapid, sensitive, and specific screening of large numbers of samples.

PMID- 4055651
TI  - Techniques for photography of immersed specimens.

PMID- 4055650
TI  - Review of chromatographic methods for chloramphenicol residues in milk, eggs, and
      tissues from food-producing animals.
AB  - Although chloramphenicol is not approved for use in food-producing animals in the
      United States, this broad spectrum antibiotic has been widely used to treat
      diseases in such animals including the lactating dairy cow. Extremely low
      ophthalmologic doses of chloramphenicol are known to cause aplastic anemia in
      humans. The residues in meat, milk, and eggs intended for human consumption cause
      particular public health concern because the bone marrow aplasia is not dose
      dependent. Furthermore, chloramphenicol, a known inhibitor of protein synthesis,
      also retards erythropoiesis, a condition that is dose dependent and may cause
      allergic hypersensitivity reactions. This paper is a review of sensitive methods
      that use gas, liquid, thin layer, and simple column chromatography as both
      determinative and cleanup steps for detecting and quantitating chloramphenicol in
      edible animal tissues, milk, and eggs.

PMID- 4055652
TI  - Breakthrough! Keynote address--biosynthesis.

PMID- 4055653
TI  - A compositing notebook.

PMID- 4055654
TI  - The role of photography in the presentation of bitemark evidence.

PMID- 4055655
TI  - Sharp focus composite imaging by computer.

PMID- 4055656
TI  - Light scanning photomacrography--a brief history and its current status.

PMID- 4055657
TI  - Steady-state evaluation of twice-a-day dosing of a new sustained-release
      theophylline preparation for young children.
AB  - We studied the absorption properties of a new sustained-release theophylline,
      Theo-Dur Sprinkle (TS), to see if this formulation when given on a b.i.d. basis
      results in acceptable steady-state theophylline levels in children with asthma.
      Twelve patients (ages 5-8 years), after multiple TS dosing, had serum
      theophylline levels determined over a 10-hr period after a morning TS dose.
      Fluctuations in serum theophylline concentrations were acceptable with the
      observed mean percent peak-to-trough fluctuation [(peak-trough/trough) x 100]
      being 53%. Patients required higher than usually recommended theophylline doses
      to obtain therapeutic levels, suggesting incomplete absorption of TS; this was
      documented with one patient using a 100% bioavailable theophylline product as a
      comparison.

PMID- 4055658
TI  - Assessment of corticosteroid therapy for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
      in a patient with cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 4055659
TI  - A plea for the malignant asthmatic: a look at the need for residential centers
      for a subgroup of severe asthmatic children.

PMID- 4055660
TI  - Diabetic microangiopathy: early functional and structural changes.

PMID- 4055661
TI  - Comparative study of cigarette and bidi smoking on left ventricular performance
      as determined by systolic time intervals.

PMID- 4055663
TI  - Microangiopathic changes in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 4055662
TI  - Platelet in hepatic disorders.

PMID- 4055664
TI  - Effect of yogic exercises on lean body mass.

PMID- 4055665
TI  - Proteinuria--its clinical implications.

PMID- 4055666
TI  - Serum unconjugated bilirubin and free fatty acids in acute myocardial infarction
      and angina.

PMID- 4055667
TI  - Serum immunoglobulins in pemphigus vulgaris.

PMID- 4055668
TI  - Glycosylated hemoglobin in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4055669
TI  - Repetitive ventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 4055670
TI  - Pulmonary oedema following scorpion sting.

PMID- 4055671
TI  - Osteopetrosis.

PMID- 4055672
TI  - Secondary diabetes due to cystic fibrosis with multisystem involvement.

PMID- 4055673
TI  - Dermatological complications of chronic graft versus host disease.

PMID- 4055674
TI  - Australia antigen testing for various blood products.

PMID- 4055675
TI  - Pseudoexoenteric lymphoma--an unusual variant of primary intestinal lymphoma.

PMID- 4055676
TI  - Variability in diastolic time intervals with age.

PMID- 4055677
TI  - Pattern of triggering factors among patients with epilepsy from Kerala.

PMID- 4055678
TI  - Disulfiram in chronic alcoholism: a study of two treatment schedules.

PMID- 4055679
TI  - A study of CPK enzyme in cases of meningitis.

PMID- 4055680
TI  - Recent trends in chemotherapy of leprosy.

PMID- 4055681
TI  - Sick sinus syndrome due to hypervagotonic state.

PMID- 4055682
TI  - Absent left pericardium.

PMID- 4055683
TI  - Upper motor neuron facial palsy due to lacunar infarction.

PMID- 4055684
TI  - Myasthenic symptoms in elderly people.

PMID- 4055685
TI  - Thrombocytopenic purpura: a rare complication of chicken-pox.

PMID- 4055686
TI  - Acute reversible membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis after cobra snake
      bite.

PMID- 4055688
TI  - Refractory seizure disorder due to hypocalcemia.

PMID- 4055687
TI  - Carcinoma of the gallbladder in a young male presenting with root pains.

PMID- 4055689
TI  - Cerebellar ataxia--a complication of heat stroke.

PMID- 4055690
TI  - Progression of renal disease--role of non-immunologic factors.

PMID- 4055691
TI  - A study of serum and cerebrospinal fluid magnesium in convulsive disorders.

PMID- 4055692
TI  - Ascent to high altitude and blood pressure.

PMID- 4055693
TI  - Anterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia.

PMID- 4055694
TI  - Pneumococcal meningitis with purpura.

PMID- 4055695
TI  - Oliguria: uncommon presentation of common disease.

PMID- 4055696
TI  - Intracavitary rifampicin.

PMID- 4055697
TI  - High levels of glycolipid and low levels of phospholipid in a marine caulobacter.
AB  - Studies of the lipid composition of the marine bacterium Caulobacter
      halobacteroides revealed the presence of glycolipid as the predominant lipid
      constituent. The presence of minor amounts of phospholipid was confirmed with the
      incorporation of 14C- and 32P-labeled compounds. Other marine caulobacters had
      similar lipid compositions. Five chromatographically separable glycolipids were
      detected, two of which were identified as mono- and diglycosyldiglycerides.
      Glycolipid constituted 90 to 99% of the total extractable lipid based on 14C
      acetate incorporation into six marine caulobacter strains. In addition,
      comparisons were made with the lipid extracts of the nonmarine Caulobacter
      crescentus and Micrococcus lysodeikticus, which contain substantial amounts of
      phospholipid. Studies of lipid composition during growth showed the maximum
      amount of phospholipid during early logarithmic growth (2.9%) with a decrease to
      0.3% in the early stationary phase. The finding of a group of organisms in which
      phospholipid is not a major constituent of the lipid fraction is unique and
      generates many questions about the lipid requirements for membrane structure and
      function.

PMID- 4055698
TI  - New class of limited-host-range Agrobacterium mega-tumor-inducing plasmids
      lacking homology to the transferred DNA of a wide-host-range, tumor-inducing
      plasmid.
AB  - Biotype 1 and 2 strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens were isolated from crown
      gall tumors of Lippia canescens plants growing as ground cover in Arizona. The
      isolates were agrocin 84 sensitive, did not catabolize octopine, nopaline,
      agropine, or mannopine, and were limited in their tumorigenic host range. One
      biotype 2 strain, AB2/73, showed the most limited host range; it incited tumors
      only on Lippia strains, the cucurbit family of plants, and Nicotiana glauca.
      Megaplasmids were detected in the isolates by vertical agarose gel
      electrophoresis. The unusual host range, as well as sensitivity to agrocin 84,
      were plasmid specified since they were conjugally cotransferred with plasmids
      from donor strain AB2/73. Correlation of deletions with concomitant loss of
      virulence and agrocin 84 sensitivity identified the megaplasmid pAtAB2/73d as the
      virulence element in strain AB2/73. The estimated size of this tumor-inducing
      plasmid was 500 kilobases. Axenic growth of tumor tissue incited by strains
      carrying pAtAB2/73d was phytohormone independent. Although the limited-host-range
      megaplasmid pAtAB2/73d lacked any detectable homology to the phytohormone
      biosynthetic genes in wide-host-range transferred DNA (tms-1, tms-2, tmr), it
      showed homology to the wide-host-range virB, virC, virD, and virG loci.
      Therefore, pAtAB2/73d represents a new class of tumor-inducing plasmids
      distinguished by its large size, the absence of determinants for the catabolism
      of several known opines, the presence of agrocin 84 sensitivity, and its lack of
      homology to wide-host-range transferred DNA contrasted with its conservation of
      sequences from the wise-host-range vir region.

PMID- 4055699
TI  - Regulation of Ti plasmid virulence genes by a chromosomal locus of Agrobacterium
      tumefaciens.
AB  - We isolated a mutant strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, designated Ros, that
      has a pleiotropic phenotype which includes elevated levels of expression of
      certain genes in the virulence (Vir) region of tumor-inducing plasmid pTiC58.
      This mutant and others were isolated by fusing the promoter of the Vir bak gene
      to a promoterless gene (cat) that encodes chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and
      then selecting for increased expression of cat in A. tumefaciens. The ros
      mutation is chromosomal in nature and is characterized by a more-than-300-fold
      increase in the level of expression of bak and a 12-fold increase in the level of
      expression of an adjacent divergent operon containing the hdv genes, which are
      involved in some aspect of host specificity. The Ros mutant is fully virulent and
      is typified by its unusual colony morphology; the colonies have rough surfaces,
      uneven edges, and a pit in the center at 24 degrees C and vary markedly in
      appearance from one growth temperature to another. The Ros mutant is not able to
      form colonies at 12 degrees C, a temperature at which the wild-type strain forms
      colonies in 14 days. The ros mutation occurs spontaneously with a frequency of 5
      X 10(-8). Genetic and biochemical evidence indicates that the product of the ros
      locus is a negative regulator of Ti plasmid genes and is related to undefined
      chromosomally encoded functions that are involved in the mutant phenotype.

PMID- 4055700
TI  - Isolation, identification, and structural analysis of the mycobactins of
      Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum,
      and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.
AB  - Methods were devised to purify the cell-associated, iron-binding compounds known
      as mycobactins from the closely related species Mycobacterium avium,
      Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum (i.e., the MAIS
      complex of organisms). The mycobactins from these three species showed a
      structure that is common to the mycobactins from all the mycobacteria examined to
      date. However, these mycobactins were unique in that they had more than one alkyl
      chain. The M. scrofulaceum mycobactins differed from other MAIS mycobactins by a
      shift in the position of the double bond in the R1 alkyl chain. Traces of other
      mycobactin types were observed in ethanol extracts of the three species, and
      examination of the chromatographic properties of these mycobactins showed that
      each species produced five mycobactin types. Each mycobactin could be subdivided
      further by the length of its R1 alkyl chain. No differences in the production of
      these novel mycobactin were observed among species. Mycobactins from three
      strains of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and two wood pigeon strains of
      Mycobacterium avium which had lost their original growth requirements for
      mycobactin after repeated subculturing in laboratory growth media were examined
      by thin-layer chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Each
      organism produced a mycobactin with similar chromatographic properties to those
      synthesized by MAIS organisms. M. paratuberculosis NADC 18 produced at least two
      components in our laboratory, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the
      major component showed this mycobactin to be identical to that produced by M.
      intracellulare M12. However, a sample of mycobactin J isolated by Merkal and
      McCullough (Curr. Microbiol. 7:333-335, 1982) from M. paratuberculosis NADC 18
      was different from our isolates and appeared to correspond to a minor mycobactin
      component we had seen by thin-layer chromatography. No reason for this difference
      could be evinced. Our findings indicate that there is a close taxonomic
      relationship between M. paratuberculosis and the MAIS complex.

PMID- 4055701
TI  - Identity of the quinone in Bacillus alcalophilus.
AB  - Every Bacillus species so far examined contains menaquinone as the sole quinone.
      In contrast, the alkalophilic Bacillus alcalophilus has been reported to be
      unusual in containing ubiquinone rather than menaquinone. In this communication,
      we demonstrate that B. alcalophilus, like all the other bacilli, contains
      menaquinone as the only quinone.

PMID- 4055702
TI  - Nitrogen catabolite repression of the L-asparaginase of Bacillus licheniformis.
AB  - We report the presence of a single L-asparagine aminohydrolase activity (EC
      3.5.1.1) in extracts of Bacillus licheniformis A5. The synthesis of the enzyme
      was apparently under nitrogen catabolite repression control.

PMID- 4055703
TI  - Adaptive response and enhancement of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
      mutagenesis by chloramphenicol in Streptomyces fradiae.
AB  - Streptomyces fradiae expressed an adaptive response to treatment with small doses
      of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) that caused a reduction in
      mutagenesis by treatment with larger doses of MNNG. Treatment of S. fradiae with
      high levels of MNNG in the presence of chloramphenicol caused enhancement of
      mutagenesis, independent of the adaptive response.

PMID- 4055704
TI  - Evidence for a sex factor in Streptomyces erythreus.
AB  - A lethal zygosis-sensitive mutant of Streptomyces erythreus, ER720, was isolated.
      Pocks were formed when spores of the parental type were plated on a lawn of
      ER720, suggesting the loss of a transmissible plasmid, SEP1, from this strain.
      Recombination did not occur between derivatives of ER720 lacking SEP1, but it did
      occur if SEP1 was transferred to one of these strains or if these strains were
      crossed with other strains containing SEP1. SEP1 could also be transferred at
      high frequency between strains. This is consistent with SEP1 acting as a sex
      factor in S. erythreus.

PMID- 4055705
TI  - The dexamethasone suppression test and unipolar/bipolar distinctions.
AB  - In an attempt to validate several subtypes of affective disorders, 52 consecutive
      patients hospitalized at a clinical research center were comprehensively
      classified along several diagnostic and phenomenologic axes. Cortisol levels of
      each patient were evaluated at baseline and after the administration of 0.5 and
      1.0 mg dexamethasone. None of the depressive subtypes responded significantly
      differently to the 1.0 mg dose. However, the bipolar subtype was associated with
      significantly different DST responses to the 0.5 mg dose. Patients with bipolar
      affective disorder, both manic and depressed, had higher postdexamethasone mean
      cortisol levels than all other groups. The results support the distinctiveness of
      the bipolar diagnosis.

PMID- 4055706
TI  - Acute response to methylphenidate as a predictor of outcome of treatment with
      TCAs in the elderly.
AB  - Acute response to a single-dose, nonblind administration of methylphenidate 20 mg
      predicted outcome of treatment with desipramine in 42 elderly depressed
      inpatients. Treatment outcome was not predicted by the methylphenidate challenge
      in 29 patients who received amitriptyline. These findings are consistent with
      Maas' biogenic amine hypothesis and are encouraging with respect to the clinical
      utility of the methylphenidate challenge in geriatric depression.

PMID- 4055707
TI  - Noninvasive assessment of electroconvulsive-induced changes in cardiac function.
AB  - Systolic time intervals were used to noninvasively evaluate the cardiac effects
      of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in eight psychiatric patients. ECT produced a
      hyperdynamic cardiac state in which there was a significant increase in blood
      pressure, a shortening of the pre-ejection period (PEP), and an increase in rate
      pressure product (RPP). Changes in the PEP and the RPP are compatible with
      increased cardiac contractility and oxygen consumption, respectively. These
      effects were apparently mediated by an ECT-induced increase in circulating
      catecholamines, particularly epinephrine.

PMID- 4055708
TI  - Depressive symptoms in acute schizophrenic hospitalized patients.
AB  - Thirty-four newly admitted patients who met the Research Diagnostic Criteria for
      schizophrenia were assessed on admission and in their 8th week of
      hospitalization. The data were obtained using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale
      (BPRS), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), and the Extrapyramidal
      Involvement Rating Scale (EPRS). A significant reduction in BPRS scores was
      observed on Week 8 scores compared with baseline scores (p less than .001);
      however, no significant difference could be found between baseline and Week 8 HAM
      D scores. In addition, no significant correlation between the HAM-D scores and
      the EPRS scores was seen. Depressive symptoms appear to be present during the
      acute phase of schizophrenic psychosis and do not remit as rapidly as the
      psychotic symptoms.

PMID- 4055709
TI  - Carbamazepine in bipolar-depressed disorder complicated by tricyclic
      antidepressant switching: case report.
AB  - The use of carbamazepine in a depressed bipolar patient with a history of manic
      switching with tricyclic antidepressants is described. Carbamazepine effectively
      treated the depression and mania was avoided.

PMID- 4055710
TI  - ECT in the presence of increased intracranial pressure and respiratory failure:
      case report.
AB  - Despite the safety of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the presence of such
      potentially dangerous CNS disorders as CNS infections, brain tumor, and normal
      pressure hydrocephalus, increased intracranial pressure is still considered an
      absolute contraindication. In addition, although ECT has been administered to
      patients with pneumonia, it has never been used when respiratory failure is
      present. The safe and effective use of ECT in a patient in whom life-threatening
      refusal to cooperate with medical therapy appeared to be caused by a combination
      of depression and organic brain disease is reported.

PMID- 4055711
TI  - Carbamazepine treatment of a patient with Kluver-Bucy syndrome.
AB  - A 20-year-old man developed Kluver-Bucy syndrome with rage attacks following a
      motor vehicle accident. Several symptoms, including the attacks, responded
      dramatically to carbamazepine. Carbamazepine may be a useful agent in the
      treatment of this unusual syndrome.

PMID- 4055713
TI  - Tonic-clonic seizures with maprotiline.

PMID- 4055712
TI  - AMP: a new form of marijuana.
AB  - Marijuana soaked in formaldehyde, popularly called AMP, is an increasingly
      prominent abuse substance. Psychiatrists and emergency physicians should be
      alerted to AMP's unique symptom profile.

PMID- 4055714
TI  - Depression, agoraphobia, and the DST.

PMID- 4055715
TI  - Treatment of pavor nocturnus with alprazolam.

PMID- 4055716
TI  - Effect of estrogens on the DST.

PMID- 4055717
TI  - Ordinary conditions for indefinite continuation of lithium therapy.

PMID- 4055718
TI  - Antidepressant effects of estrogen.

PMID- 4055719
TI  - Benzodiazepines in the management of psychotic agitation.

PMID- 4055720
TI  - Suicide in schizophrenia: the Iowa Record Linkage Study.
AB  - Of 688 schizophrenics admitted to a psychiatric hospital over a 10-year period,
      14 committed suicide. The numbers of suicides for both males and females
      significantly exceeded expected rates. Most of these deaths (71%) occurred within
      2 years of discharge. Although more men than women committed suicide, women were
      found to be at relatively greater risk for suicide. Male suicides were
      significantly older than female suicides. Relevant literature is reviewed and
      implications for treatment and further research are discussed.

PMID- 4055721
TI  - Diagnosis of secondary depression in schizophrenia.
AB  - Four diagnostic groups were studied to determine the relationship of depression
      secondary to schizophrenia to DSM-III major depression criteria and Hamilton
      Depression Rating Scale scores. The symptoms found in schizophrenic patients with
      major-type depressions differed qualitatively from those in primary depressives.
      Some of the criteria used to diagnose depression in schizophrenic patients
      (retardation and insomnia) probably arise from the schizophrenic syndrome. Since
      secondary depression in schizophrenia is associated with poor outcome, it is
      important that specific diagnostic criteria for distinguishing depressed from
      nondepressed schizophrenics be developed. Such criteria should not include
      symptoms that are part of the schizophrenic syndrome.

PMID- 4055722
TI  - The use of animals in research.

PMID- 4055723
TI  - The role of the medical artist in maxillofacial prosthetics.
AB  - This paper describes a task analysis methodology for defining the role of medical
      artists as members of a maxillofacial team. On-the-job performances are
      identified, functionally analyzed and scaled to determine the level of complexity
      in relation to three dimensions: data, people, and things. Implications for
      professional role definition and curriculum development are discussed.

PMID- 4055724
TI  - An analysis of the GPEP Report: implications for biomedical communicators.

PMID- 4055725
TI  - The primary structure of human tissue amyloid P component from a patient with
      primary idiopathic amyloidosis.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of human tissue amyloid P component (AP) extracted by a
      modified method from the spleen of a patient with primary idiopathic amyloidosis
      was determined. AP is a glycoprotein composed of a pair of noncovalently bound
      pentameric discs with a subunit size of 23-25 kDa. Each subunit consists of 204
      residues, a single disulfide bridge linking Cys 36 to Cys 95, and a carbohydrate
      moiety attached to Asn 32. The precursor of AP is the serum amyloid protein
      (SAP). The primary structure of AP presented here differs from the amino acid
      sequence of SAP previously reported, but is identical to the amino acid sequence
      of mature SAP deduced from the nucleotide sequence of complementary DNA clones.
      It shares 52% homology with the amended sequence of human C-reactive protein, an
      acute phase protein, and 68% homology with the Syrian hamster "female protein,"
      another acute phase protein whose response is modulated by sex steroids. AP/SAP,
      C-reactive protein, and female protein belong to a family of plasma proteins
      called pentraxins and their considerable sequence homology is probably the result
      of gene duplication. Neither the physiological function of AP nor its possible
      pathological role in amyloidosis are yet known.

PMID- 4055726
TI  - Specific stimulation of histone H2B and H4 phosphorylation in mouse lymphocytes
      by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate.
AB  - This report demonstrates that the potent tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol
      13-acetate rapidly stimulates the phosphorylation of histones H2B and H4 in a
      cell cycle-independent manner. This effect was observed in primary cultures of
      BALB/c mouse splenocytes, a population of noncycling, G0 cells which are not
      stimulated to divide by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate treatment alone. The
      biological nature of this cell system allowed the analysis of histone
      phosphorylation in the absence of a background of cell cycle-dependent changes
      and in response to a nonmitogenic agent. The phosphorylation of H2B was
      determined with high resolution through the use of two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis. In contrast to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, the mitogen
      from pokeweed did not induce stimulation of H2B and H4 phosphorylation, but did,
      however, elicit increases in the phosphorylation of histones H1, H2A, and H3, in
      parallel with changes in rate of DNA synthesis.

PMID- 4055727
TI  - Monodehydroascorbate reductase from cucumber is a flavin adenine dinucleotide
      enzyme.
AB  - Monodehydroascorbate reductase (EC 1.6.5.4) was purified from cucumber fruit to a
      homogeneous state as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The cucumber
      monodehydroascorbate reductase was a monomer with a molecular weight of 47,000.
      It contained 1 mol of FAD/mol of enzyme which was reduced by NAD(P)H and
      reoxidized by monodehydroascorbate. The enzyme had an exposed thiol group whose
      blockage with thiol reagents inhibited the electron transfer from NAD(P)H to the
      enzyme FAD. Both NADH and NADPH served as electron donors with Km values of 4.6
      and 23 microM, respectively, and Vmax of 200 mol of NADH and 150 mol of NADPH
      oxidized mol of enzyme-1 s-1. The Km for monodehydroascorbate was 1.4 microM. The
      amino acid composition of the enzyme is presented. In addition to
      monodehydroascorbate, the enzyme catalyzed the reduction of ferricyanide and 2,6
      dichloroindophenol but showed little reactivity with calf liver cytochrome b5 and
      horse heart cytochrome c. The kinetic data suggested a ping-pong mechanism for
      the monodehydroascorbate reductase-catalyzed reaction. Cucumber
      monodehydroascorbate reductase occurs in soluble form and can be distinguished
      from NADPH dehydrogenase, NADH dehydrogenase, DT diaphorase, microsome-bound NADH
      cytochrome b5 reductase, and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase by its molecular
      weight, amino acid composition, and specificity of electron acceptors and donors.

PMID- 4055728
TI  - Dimerization of human complement proteins C3 and C4 in dilute lauryl sulfate
      buffer after reaction with methylamine.
AB  - In the presence of methylamine and dilute lauryl sulfate (pH 8.0), the human C3
      and C4 complement proteins dimerize almost completely. Under these conditions,
      the related complement protein C5 does not show any tendency to form dimers. This
      is shown by x-ray and neutron scattering at 9 degrees C and 0.15 M ionic
      strength. The radii of gyration of the C3 and C4 dimers are very similar, 7.7 and
      7.4 nm, and the cross-sectional radii of gyration are the same, 3.4 nm. The
      scattering curves of the C3 and C4 dimers as well as their Fourier transforms,
      the p(r)-curves, can be explained by scattering from a model consisting of an
      elongated elliptic cylinder with semiaxes 6.5 and 2.1 nm and length of 23 nm.
      This elongated elliptic cylinder model is consistent with the elliptic cylinder
      model of C4 (Osterberg, R., Eggertsen, G., Lundwall, A., and Sjoquist, J. (1984)
      Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 6, 195-198) provided that the protein molecules dimerize
      via their cross-sectional surfaces. Also, the model is consistent with the model
      of the related protein, alpha 2-macroglobulin, where the four subunits are
      supposed to form pairwise dimers of an elliptic cylindrical form (Osterberg, R.,
      and Malmensten, B. (1984) Eur. J. Biochem. 143, 541-544).

PMID- 4055729
TI  - The amino acid sequences of the flavin-peptides of dimethylglycine dehydrogenase
      and sarcosine dehydrogenase from rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - The flavoenzymes dimethylglycine dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.99.2) and sarcosine
      dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.99.1) contain covalently bound FAD linked via the 8 alpha
      position of the isoalloxazine ring to the imidazole N(3) of a histidine residue
      (Cook, R. J., Misono, K. S., and Wagner, C. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 12475
      12480). The flavin-peptides from tryptic digests of these two enzymes have been
      isolated and sequenced. Automated sequence analysis showed that the flavin
      peptide from dimethylglycine dehydrogenase contained 25 amino acid residues in
      the following sequence: Ser-Glu-Leu-Thr-Ala-Gly-Ser- Thr-Trp-His(flavin)-Ala-Ala
      Gly-Leu-Thr-Thr-Tyr-Phe-His-Pro-Gly-Ile-A sn-Leu-Lys. The sequence determined for
      the flavin-peptide from sarcosine dehydrogenase contained 14 amino acid residues
      Leu-Thr-Ser-Gly-Thr-Thr-Trp-His(flavin)-Thr-Ala-Gly-Leu-Gly-Arg.

PMID- 4055730
TI  - Adriamycin as a probe for the transversal distribution of cardiolipin in the
      inner mitochondrial membrane.
AB  - The ability of adriamycin to complex cardiolipin was used to determine the
      distribution of cardiolipin across the inner membrane of rat liver and heart
      mitochondria. In both mitochondrial types, about 57 +/- 5% of the total
      cardiolipin was found to be located in the cytoplasmic face of the inner
      membrane. Mitochondria and mitoplasts were used to study the cytoplasmic face of
      the inner membrane, purified submitochondrial vesicles with inverted membrane
      orientation for the matrix face. The cardiolipin amount titrated by adriamycin in
      the latter was found to be complementary to the amount titrated in the
      cytoplasmic face. The adriamycin association constant determined for the first
      saturation level of mitochondria was in good agreement with the value published
      by Goormaghtigh et al. (Goormaghtigh, E., Chatelain, P., Caspers, J., and
      Ruysschaert, J. M. (1980) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 597, 1-14) for cardiolipin in
      artificial membranes. Two binding plateaus were observed when increasing amounts
      of adriamycin were added to mitochondria. The plateau at higher concentrations is
      conveniently explained by the penetration of adriamycin into mitochondria and the
      titration of cardiolipin in the matrix face. Scatchard plot analysis of the
      binding curves leading to the two plateaus produced almost identical association
      constants. The total amount of cardiolipin in mitochondria calculated from curves
      of this type corresponded to the total amount of cardiolipin determined by
      phosphate analysis of extracts, analyzed by thin layer chromatography.

PMID- 4055731
TI  - Coordinate regulation of collagen and alkaline phosphatase levels in chick embryo
      chondrocytes.
AB  - Chick embryo tibial chondrocytes release into their extracellular matrix several
      species of proteochondroitin sulfate and collagen as well as matrix vesicles that
      are rich in Ca2+ and alkaline phosphatase and that appear to play a role in the
      calcification of cartilage. To determine whether there was any parallel
      regulation of the production of these products, the rates of collagen synthesis
      by cultured chick embryo tibial chondrocytes were altered, and the resulting
      changes in proteochondroitin sulfate synthesis and alkaline phosphatase levels in
      the cells were measured. As the rate of collagen synthesis was increased by
      adding increasing amounts of ascorbic acid to the culture medium, there was a
      parallel increase in the level of alkaline phosphatase. Similarly, when the rate
      of collagen synthesis was inhibited by adding 3,4-dehydroproline to the culture
      medium, the levels of alkaline phosphatase fell. The alkaline phosphatase in the
      culture medium was associated with vesicles which appeared to be matrix vesicles.
      It was recovered quantitatively by filtration through membranes with a pore size
      of 0.1 mu and measured by solubilizing the alkaline phosphatase from the membrane
      with detergent and assaying with 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate as the substrate.
      When the matrix vesicles from the culture medium were analyzed for collagen
      types, it was found that only Type X collagen was recovered in this fraction. The
      implications of the association of Type X collagen and the matrix vesicles, both
      of which are found primarily in growth plate cartilage in the zone of
      hypertrophied chondrocytes which is in the process of mineralization, are
      discussed.

PMID- 4055732
TI  - Agonist-induced alteration in the membrane form of muscarinic cholinergic
      receptors.
AB  - Incubation of 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells with carbachol resulted in a rapid
      loss of binding of [3H]N-methylscopolamine ([3H]NMS) to muscarinic cholinergic
      receptors measured at 4 degrees C on intact cells; loss of muscarinic receptors
      in lysates from the same cells measured with [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate [(
      3H]QNB) at 37 degrees C occurred at a slower rate. Upon removal of agonist from
      the medium, the lost [3H]NMS binding sites measured on intact cells recovered
      with a t1/2 of approximately 20 min, but only to the level to which [3H]QNB
      binding sites had been lost; no recovery of "lost" [3H]QNB binding sites occurred
      over the same period. Based on these data and the arguments of Galper et al.
      (Galper, J. B., Dziekan, L. C., O'Hara, D. S., and Smith, T. W. (1982) J. Biol.
      Chem. 257, 10344-10356) regarding the relative hydrophilicity of [3H]NMS versus
      [3H]QNB, it is proposed that carbachol induces a rapid sequestration of
      muscarinic receptors that is followed by a loss of these receptors from the cell.
      These carbachol-induced changes are accompanied by a change in the membrane form
      of the muscarinic receptor. Although essentially all of the muscarinic receptors
      from control cells co-purified with the plasma membrane fraction on sucrose
      density gradients, 20-35% of the muscarinic receptors from cells treated for 30
      min with 100 microM carbachol migrated to a much lower sucrose density. This
      conversion of muscarinic receptors to a "light vesicle" form occurred with a t1/2
      approximately 10 min, and reversed with a t1/2 approximately 20 min. In contrast
      to previous results in this cell line regarding beta-adrenergic receptors
      (Harden, T. K., Cotton, C. U., Waldo, G. L., Lutton, J. K., and Perkins, J. P.
      (1980) Science 210, 441-443), agonist binding to muscarinic receptors in the
      light vesicle fraction obtained from carbachol-treated cells was still regulated
      by GTP. One interpretation of these data is that agonists induce an
      internalization of muscarinic receptors with the retention of their functional
      interaction with a guanine nucleotide regulatory protein.

PMID- 4055733
TI  - Sulfation of p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide with a microsomal
      fraction from cultured chondrocytes.
AB  - Chick embryo chondrocyte microsomes containing intact Golgi vesicles took up 3'
      phosphoadenosine-5'-phospho[35S]sulfate ([35S]PAPS) in a time- and temperature
      dependent, substrate-saturable manner. When [35S]PAPS and p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl
      beta-D-galactosaminide (pNP-GalNAc) were added to the incubation in the absence
      of detergent, the microsomes catalyzed the transfer of sulfate from [35S]PAPS to
      pNP-GalNAc to form pNP-GalNAc-6-35SO4. The apparent Km values for PAPS in the
      uptake and the pNP-GalNAc sulfation reactions were 2 X 10(-7) and 2 X 10(-6) M,
      respectively. The sulfation of pNP-GalNAc by the microsomal preparation was
      inhibited by detergent. The microsomal fraction also catalyzed the transfer of
      sulfate from [35S]PAPS to oligosaccharides prepared from chondroitin. However, in
      contrast to the sulfation of pNP-GalNAc, the rate of sulfation of these
      oligosaccharides was low in the absence of detergent and was markedly stimulated
      when detergent was added. Sulfation of pNP-GalNAc by the freeze-thawed microsomes
      was inhibited when the octasaccharide prepared from chondroitin was present in
      the reaction mixture. As the PAPS that had been internalized in the microsomal
      vesicles was consumed in the sulfation of pNP-GalNAc, more [35S]PAPS was taken up
      and the sulfated pNP-GalNAc was released from the vesicles. These observations
      suggest that pNP-GalNAc may serve as a model membrane-permeable substrate for
      study of the 6-sulfo-transferase reaction involved in sulfation of chondroitin
      sulfate in intact Golgi vesicles.

PMID- 4055734
TI  - Reconstitution of a porcine submaxillary gland beta-D-galactoside alpha 2----3
      sialyltransferase into liposomes.
AB  - Form A of the beta-D-galactoside alpha 2----3 sialyltransferase from porcine
      submaxillary glands was incorporated into liposomes. Incorporation was achieved
      by gel filtration of the enzyme in the presence of octylglucoside-phospholipid
      micelles. As detergent was removed during gel filtration, liposomes (average
      diameter, 370 A) with bound enzyme were formed and emerged unretarded from the
      column. The recovery of enzyme activity in the liposomes was about 40% of the
      initial activity starting with as little as 9 micrograms of transferase.
      Chromatography on Sepharose CL6B and sucrose density gradient centrifugation
      confirmed the association of enzyme with liposomes. In contrast to Form A, Form B
      of the sialyltransferase, which lacks the proposed lipid-binding domain of Form
      A, cannot be incorporated into liposomes. Form A of the transferase was also
      incorporated into liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and a
      mixture of phospholipids from the membranes of the Golgi apparatus from porcine
      submaxillary glands. Although the transferase was distributed about equally on
      the internal and external surface of the phosphatidylcholine liposomes, most of
      the transferase was on the external surface in liposomes containing cholesterol
      (72%) or in liposomes containing Golgi apparatus phospholipids (88%). The enzyme
      bound to phosphatidylcholine liposomes was shown by kinetic analysis to have the
      same activity as that found in the presence of activity-stimulating detergents
      such as Triton X-100. Enzyme incorporated into cholesterol-containing liposomes
      had the same activity. In contrast, enzyme bound to liposomes formed from the
      Golgi apparatus mixed phospholipids had a lower activity, but one similar to that
      of the transferase in Golgi apparatus membranes. These studies suggest that the
      composition of a biological membrane may well influence the orientation of the
      transferase in the membrane as well as modulate its enzymic activity.

PMID- 4055735
TI  - The relationship between a novel NAD(P)H oxidase activity of ovoperoxidase and
      the CN- -resistant respiratory burst that follows fertilization of sea urchin
      eggs.
AB  - The extracellular protein coat of the sea urchin egg is cross-linked after
      fertilization via dityrosyl linkages made by an exocytosed ovoperoxidase. The
      source of oxidant for this reaction is unknown, but eggs produce H2O2 in amounts
      equivalent to the cyanide-insensitive O2 uptake "respiratory burst" that follows
      fertilization. Several possible H2O2-forming oxidase activities, including
      glucose, xanthine, fatty acyl, and fatty-acyl CoA oxidases, were absent from the
      egg cortex. However, an NAD(P)H-O2 oxidoreductase activity was found in the egg
      cortex and was completely accounted for by ovoperoxidase. Homogeneous
      ovoperoxidase exhibits two types of NAD(P)H oxidase activity. One of these
      activities is similar to that of horseradish peroxidase and lactoperoxidase; it
      is dependent on Mn2+ ions and catalytic amounts of phenols, such as 2,4
      dichlorophenol and N-acetyltyrosinamide, and is greater than 95% inhibited by 0.1
      mM cyanide. A second, novel oxidase activity utilizes Ca2+ and an unidentified,
      heat-stable, Mr less than 1000 factor that can be extracted by ethanol from egg
      homogenates. This NADH oxidase activity is only 40% inhibited by 0.1 mM cyanide
      and is maximally stimulated by 10 mM Ca2+. It has an apparent Km for NADH of 50
      microM. The stoichiometry of NADH:O2 consumption is 1.6:1, but approaches 2:1 in
      the presence of 20 micrograms/ml superoxide dismutase or 200 micrograms/ml
      catalase. This indicates that complete reduction of O2 to water occurs and that
      the reaction does not produce H2O2 stoichiometrically. However, nearly complete
      inhibition of the reaction by higher catalase concentrations suggests that H2O2
      is an intermediate. The properties of this novel oxidase activity suggest that it
      may play such a role in vivo.

PMID- 4055736
TI  - Lactate reduction in Clostridium propionicum. Purification and properties of
      lactyl-CoA dehydratase.
AB  - Clostridium propionicum converts lactate to propionate (Cardon, B.P., and Barker,
      H.A. (1947) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 12, 165-171). We have obtained a soluble
      system that carries out this conversion as well as the hydration of acrylate to
      lactate and the reduction of acrylate to propionate. 3-Pentynyl-CoA inhibits
      reduction of acrylate and lactate to propionate, but not hydration of acrylate to
      lactate by cell extracts. The conversion probably involves CoA esters. When [beta
      2H3] lactate is used as a substrate, the rate of propionate formation is reduced
      1.8-fold, and the methyl group of the resulting propionate has lost 1.4 deuterium
      atoms. These results are consistent with the intermediate formation of acrylate
      (acrylyl-CoA) in the conversion of D-lactate to propionate. Two proteins, which
      we designate E I and E II, were purified to greater than 90% homogeneity.
      Together, they catalyze the hydration of acrylyl-CoA to lactyl-CoA. E I has an
      apparent molecular mass of 27,000 daltons and is rapidly and irreversibly
      inactivated by O2. E II consists of two subunits of molecular mass 41,000 and
      48,000 daltons and contains equal amounts of riboflavin and flavin
      mononucleotide. Hydration of acrylyl-CoA to lactyl-CoA requires Mg2+ and
      catalytic quantities of ATP. GTP can replace ATP, but ADP and adenylyl
      imidodiphosphate cannot. We were unable to detect any stable intermediate during
      acrylyl-CoA hydration. Finally, we proposed a mechanism for this reaction.

PMID- 4055737
TI  - The minimal structure containing the band 3 anion transport site. A 35Cl NMR
      study.
AB  - 35Cl NMR, which enables observation of chloride binding to the anion transport
      site on band 3, is used in the present study to determine the minimal structure
      containing the intact transport site. Removal of cytoskeletal and other
      nonintegral membrane proteins, or removal of the 40-kDa cytoskeletal domain of
      band 3, each leave the transport site intact. Similarly, cleavage of the 52-kDa
      transport domain into 17- and 35-kDa fragments by chymotrypsin leaves the
      transport site intact. Extensive proteolysis by papain reduces the integral red
      cell membrane proteins to their transmembrane segments. Papain treatment removes
      approximately 60% of the extramembrane portion of the transport domain and
      produces small fragments primarily in the range 3-7 kDa, with 5 kDa being most
      predominant. Papain treatment damages, but does not destroy, chloride binding to
      the transport site; thus, the minimal structure containing the transport site is
      composed solely of transmembrane segments. In short, the results are completely
      consistent with a picture in which the transport site is buried in the membrane
      where it is protected from proteolysis; the transmembrane segments that surround
      the transport site are held together by strong attractive forces within the
      bilayer; and the transport site is accessed by solution chloride via an anion
      channel leading from the transport site to the solution.

PMID- 4055738
TI  - Subcellular localization of adrenal cortical glutathione peroxidase and
      protective role of the mitochondrial enzyme against lipid peroxidative damage.
AB  - In view of the physiological importance of adrenocortical lipid peroxidation, we
      have carried out subcellular fractionation to determine the location of
      glutathione peroxidase, an enzyme which protects against lipid peroxidation.
      Glutathione peroxidase is present in both cytosolic (92%) and mitochondrial (8%)
      fractions. The small activity in mitochondria is not due to contamination by the
      cytosolic activity as evidenced by several rigorous approaches. The mitochondrial
      enzyme is located in the matrix and appears to be effective in protection from
      NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidative damage of cytochrome P-450 and succinic
      dehydrogenase, which are located exclusively in the inner membrane.

PMID- 4055739
TI  - 24(S),25-Epoxycholesterol. Evidence consistent with a role in the regulation of
      hepatic cholesterogenesis.
AB  - Previously we showed that 24(S),25-epoxycholesterol is formed from acetate, via
      squalene 2,3(S),22(S),23-dioxide and 24(S),25-oxidolanosterol, during the normal
      course of cholesterol biosynthesis in S10 rat liver homogenate (Nelson, J. A.,
      Steckbeck, S. R., and Spencer, T. A. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 1067-1068;
      Nelson, J. A., Steckbeck, S. R., and Spencer, T. A. (1981) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103,
      6974-6975). Herein we demonstrate that the nonsaponifiable extract from human
      liver tissue contains 24(S),25-epoxycholesterol in an amount approximately 10(-3)
      relative to cholesterol. We show that 24(S),25-epoxycholesterol, like many other
      oxygenated sterols, represses hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity in
      cultured cells and binds to the cytosolic oxysterol-binding protein. Furthermore,
      we show that this epoxide is not rapidly metabolized in cultured cells. These
      results suggest that 24(S),25-epoxycholesterol may participate in the regulation
      of hepatic cholesterol metabolism in vivo.

PMID- 4055740
TI  - Fatty acid activation of the reconstituted brown adipose tissue mitochondria
      uncoupling protein.
AB  - The effect of fatty acids, palmitoyl-CoA, and N',N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide on
      the ion conductance of the reconstituted brown adipose tissue mitochondria
      uncoupling protein was investigated. 1, 5, and 10 microM palmitic acid induced a
      specific, GDP inhibited, increase in proton conductance in proteoliposomes
      containing the uncoupling protein but not in proteoliposomes prepared with
      purified protein extracts of liver mitochondria. 10 microM oleic acid, like
      palmitic acid, increased proton conductance in proteoliposomes prepared with the
      uncoupling protein. Palmitoyl-CoA and caprylic acid had no effect on increasing
      proton conductance. Similar to the observation in mitochondria, there was no
      effect of palmitic acid on Cl-conductance, but unlike mitochondria its activation
      by palmitoyl-CoA or inhibition by N',N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide was lost. The
      results, obtained in an isolated system, provide support for the contention that
      long chain fatty acids act as an acute physiological activator of the uncoupling
      protein.

PMID- 4055741
TI  - Swelling and contraction of the mitochondrial matrix. I. A structural
      interpretation of the relationship between light scattering and matrix volume.
AB  - The amount of light scattered by a mitochondrial suspension depends on matrix
      volume (Tedeschi, H., and Harris, D.L. (1955) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 58, 52-67),
      a correlation which has been extensively exploited for qualitative studies of
      solute transport across the inner membrane. To obtain reliable, quantitative
      estimates of solute transport, it is first necessary to characterize the factors
      determining mitochondrial light scattering. We show that the dependence of
      absorbance on mitochondrial concentration can be linearized, resulting in an
      intrinsic light scattering parameter which is independent of the concentration
      and source of mitochondria. We show that the absorbance osmotic curve is
      segmentally linear, exhibiting discontinuities which disappear irreversibly
      following preswelling. In contrast, direct measurements reveal matrix volume to
      be reversibly and linearly dependent on inverse osmolality. This divergence is a
      consequence of the fact that the optical technique samples total particle volume,
      including contributions from folded membranes and trapped medium. These
      contributions are minimized by structural components, such as intermembrane
      connections and the outer membrane, which contribute to efficient packaging of
      the mitochondrion. When these structures are broken, the mitochondrion cannot
      return to its native state. We observe that the swelling-induced, irreversible
      transition from efficient packaging to a random packing state begins at a matrix
      volume of 1.9 microliter/mg and is complete at 3.1 microliter/mg. These findings
      complicate the interpretation of light scattering results but do not appear to
      present an insurmountable obstacle to the quantitative application of this
      technique to transport kinetics.

PMID- 4055742
TI  - Swelling and contraction of the mitochondrial matrix. II. Quantitative
      application of the light scattering technique to solute transport across the
      inner membrane.
AB  - The relationship between matrix volume and the amount of light scattered by a
      mitochondrial suspension has been characterized for equilibrium measurements and
      shown to depend in a complex but predictable manner on native structure of the
      mitochondrion (Beavis, A. D., Brannan, R. D., and Garlid, K. D. (1985) J. Biol.
      Chem. 260, 13424-13433). In the present report, we show that this
      characterization also applies to kinetic measurements of salt and nonelectrolyte
      transport. We derive and evaluate quantitative methods for determining
      permeability constants from light scattering kinetics. We apply these equations
      to the problem of whether matrix swelling itself induces permeability changes
      secondary to membrane stretching or changes in surface available for transport. A
      study of erythritol transport over a 7-fold range of matrix volume reveals
      dramatic changes in light scattering rates, as previously observed (Tedeschi, H.
      (1959) J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 6, 241-252). These transitions correspond
      exactly to structure-dependent transitions in the relationship between absorbance
      and matrix volume. When this is taken into account, erythritol permeability is
      found to be constant over the entire volume range. Factors affecting intrinsic
      membrane porters, such as Mg2+ depletion and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, are also
      found to be without effect on erythritol permeability. The broader significance
      of this study is that the light scattering technique is shown to be capable of
      providing quantitative answers to important questions about solute transport
      across the inner membrane.

PMID- 4055744
TI  - Structural studies of lipophorin in insect blood by differential scanning
      calorimetry and 13C nuclear magnetic relaxation measurements. Location of
      hydrocarbons.
AB  - The possible structure of lipophorin in insect blood (hemolymph) was investigated
      by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and 13C nuclear magnetic relaxation
      studies. The DSC heating curves of intact lipophorins showed endothermic peaks
      between -3 and 40 degrees C for lipophorins which contain hydrocarbons, whereas
      no such peaks were observed for lipophorins which do not contain this lipid.
      Hydrocarbon fractions isolated from the lipophorins showed endothermic peaks
      similar to those obtained from intact lipophorin in terms of the transition
      temperatures, the shapes, and the enthalpy changes. 13C spin lattice relaxation
      times of the (CH2)n resonance of hydrocarbons of intact lipophorin were measured
      as a function of temperature and revealed that the motions of hydrocarbon chains
      changed coincidentally with the onset and offset of phase transition. These data
      suggest the presence of a hydrocarbon-rich region within the lipophorin
      particles.

PMID- 4055743
TI  - Absence of negative feedback control of bile acid biosynthesis in cultured rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - The effect of individual bile acids on bile acid synthesis was studied in primary
      hepatocyte cultures. Relative rates of bile acid synthesis were measured as the
      conversion of lipoprotein [4-14C]cholesterol into 4-14C-labeled bile acids.
      Additions to the culture media of cholate, taurocholate, glycocholate,
      chenodeoxycholate, taurochenodeoxycholate, glycochenodeoxycholate, deoxycholate,
      and taurodeoxycholate (10-200 microM) did not inhibit bile acid synthesis. The
      addition of cholate (100 microM) to the medium raised the intracellular level of
      cholate 10-fold, documenting effective uptake of added bile acid by cultured
      hepatocytes. The addition of 200 microM taurocholate to cultured hepatocytes
      prelabeled with [4-14C]cholesterol did not result in inhibition of bile acid
      synthesis. Taurocholate (10-200 microM) also failed to inhibit bile acid
      synthesis in suspensions of freshly isolated hepatocytes after 2, 4, and 6 h of
      incubation. Surprisingly, the addition of taurocholate and taurochenodeoxycholate
      (10-200 microM) stimulated taurocholate synthesis from [2-14C]mevalonate-labeled
      cholesterol (p less than 0.05). Neither taurocholate nor taurochenodeoxycholate
      directly inhibited cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity in the microsomes
      prepared from cholestyramine-fed rats. By contrast, 7-ketocholesterol and 20
      alpha-hydroxycholesterol strongly inhibited cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase
      activity at low concentrations (10 microM). In conclusion, these data strongly
      suggest that bile acids, at the level of the hepatocyte, do not directly inhibit
      bile acid synthesis from exogenous or endogenous cholesterol even at
      concentrations 3-6-fold higher than those found in rat portal blood.

PMID- 4055745
TI  - Higher homolog and N-ethyl analog of creatine as synthetic phosphagen precursors
      in brain, heart, and muscle, repressors of liver amidinotransferase, and
      substrates for creatine catabolic enzymes.
AB  - Tissues of chicks fed 5% N-methyl-3-guanidinopropionate (N-amidino-N-methyl-beta
      alanine) for 12 days accumulated the following amounts of free plus
      phosphorylated derivatives as mumol/g, wet weight: brain, 5.5; heart, 7.3; leg
      muscle, 21.0; and breast muscle, 24.4. Since total creatine levels remained
      nearly the same in brain, N-methyl-3-guanidinopropionate-P provided brain with a
      supplemental reservoir of high energy phosphate. Tissues of rats fed 2% N
      ethylguanidinoacetate (N-amidino-N-ethylglycine) accumulated large amounts of N
      ethylguanidinoacetate-P, which has thermodynamic properties similar to creatine-P
      and is the kinetically most reactive synthetic phosphagen yet described. N
      Ethylguanidinoacetate derivatives replaced creatine derivatives mole-for-mole,
      and the fraction of synthetic to total phosphagen after 19 days was 60% in heart,
      54% in slow oxidative muscle, 42% in fast glycolytic muscles, and 22% in brain. N
      Ethylguanidinoacetate served as a false end product co-repressor of liver
      arginine:glycine amidinotransferase levels in both chicks and chick embryos; N
      methyl-3-guanidinopropionate and N-propylguanidinoacetate were relatively
      inactive. Creatinine amidohydrolase reversibly cyclized both N
      ethylguanidinoacetate and N-propylguanidinoacetate with even lower Km values than
      for creatine derivatives, but it did not react significantly with N-methyl-3
      guanidinopropionate, 3-guanidinopropionate, or 1-carboxy-methyl-2-imino
      imidazolidine (cyclocreatine). Creatine amidinohydrolase also hydrolyzed N
      acetimidoylsarcosine, but was relatively unreactive toward N
      ethylguanidinoacetate, N-methyl-3-guanidinopropionate, 3-guanidinopropionate, and
      cyclocreatine. Amidinohydrolase can therefore be used to remove interfering
      creatine in assays of tissues for coexisting N-ethylguanidinoacetate or N-methyl
      3-guanidinopropionate. Assays are now available to follow changes during
      metabolic stresses of any combination or all of the following phosphagens
      accumulated by the same tissue: creatine-P, N-ethylguanidinoacetate-P,
      cyclocreatine-P, N-methyl-3-guanidinopropionate-P, and homocyclocreatine-P.

PMID- 4055746
TI  - 13C NMR studies of butyric fermentation in Clostridium kluyveri.
AB  - The fermentation of 13C-labeled ethanol and acetate into butyrate and caproate by
      Clostridium kluyveri has been studied by using 13C NMR. The pathway involves the
      conversion of both ethanol and acetate into acetyl coenzymes A, two of which
      condense to form CoA-linked precursors of butyrate. If butyryl-CoA is involved in
      the condensation, caproate is the ultimate product. ATP is produced from acetyl
      CoA via the reactions catalyzed by phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase with
      acetate, a required carbon source, as a co-product. In spectra of whole cells
      incubated with the labeled carbon sources, label from ethanol appears rapidly in
      acetate, which then reaches a lower, steady-state concentration due to its re
      entry into the pathway. The rapid initial production of acetate indicates equally
      rapid production of ATP. Label from acetate appears in ethanol only if ethanol is
      already present, indicating that this process is one of isotopic equilibration
      rather than net synthesis of ethanol from acetate. The ratio of butyrate to
      caproate produced depends strongly on the initial ratio of ethanol to acetate in
      the medium. The relative rates of utilization of ethanol and acetate vary as the
      fermentation proceeds. 13C-13C coupling in the butyrate and caproate produced
      from [1-13C]ethanol and [2-13C]acetate can be used to determine if the acetyl-CoA
      molecules arising from ethanol and acetate enter the same pool or if they remain
      separated. The data are consistent with random mixing of the acetyl-CoA produced
      from the two carbon sources.

PMID- 4055747
TI  - Elementary steps in the reaction mechanism of chicken liver fatty acid synthase.
      Acylation of specific binding sites.
AB  - The mechanism of acyl enzyme formation from acyl-CoA derivatives was studied for
      chicken liver fatty acid synthase in 0.1 M potassium phosphate (pH 7.0) and 1 mM
      EDTA at 23 degrees C. Three mechanistically important acyl-binding sites exist: a
      cysteine, 4'-phosphopantetheine, and a hydroxyl (serine). The cysteine was
      specifically labeled with iodoacetamide, and chemical modification of this
      labeled enzyme with chloroacetyl-CoA resulted in additional covalent labeling of
      4'-phosphopantetheine. Reaction of the enzyme with acetyl-CoA results in 47%
      oxyester formation, whereas with malonyl-CoA and butyryl-CoA, 57 and 80% are
      oxyesters, respectively, as judged by treatment of the denatured enzyme with
      hydroxylamine. Limited proteolysis with trypsin followed by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicates that the reactive hydroxyl
      and cysteine are on the same peptide. Butyryl-CoA is a relatively poor primer for
      steady state fatty acid synthesis, probably because transfer from the hydroxyl
      binding site to 4'-phosphopantetheine is inefficient. Quenched flow studies
      indicate that the rate constants for transfer of acetyl from enzyme-bound acetyl
      CoA to native, iodoacetamide-labeled, and iodoacetamide-chloroacetyl-labeled
      enzyme are 43, 110, and 150 s-1. These results can be interpreted in terms of a
      random acylation of the hydroxyl, 4'-phosphopantetheine, and cysteine by enzyme
      bound acetyl-CoA with rate constants of 150 s-1, less than 110 s-1, and less than
      43 s-1, respectively. Alternatively the latter two rate constants could be
      characteristic of intramolecular transfer between enzyme acylation sites.
      Structural constraints apparently prevent all three acylation sites from being
      occupied simultaneously. The rate of deacetylation of the acetylated enzyme by
      enzyme-bound CoA also is most rapid for the iodoacetamide-chloroacetyl-labeled
      enzyme.

PMID- 4055748
TI  - Hepatic uptake of [3H]retinol bound to the serum retinol binding protein involves
      both parenchymal and perisinusoidal stellate cells.
AB  - We have studied the hepatic uptake of retinol bound to the circulating retinol
      binding protein-transthyretin complex. Labeled complex was obtained from the
      plasma of donor rats that were fed radioactive retinol. When labeled retinol
      retinol binding protein-transthyretin complex was injected intravenously into
      control rats, about 45% of the administered dose was recovered in liver after 56
      h. Parenchymal liver cells were responsible for an initial rapid uptake.
      Perisinusoidal stellate cells initially accumulated radioactivity more slowly
      than did the parenchymal cells, but after 16 h, these cells contained more
      radioactivity than the parenchymal cells. After 56 h, about 70% of the
      radioactivity recovered in liver was present in stellate cells. For the first 2 h
      after injection, most of the radioactivity in parenchymal cells was recovered as
      unesterified retinol. The radioactivity in the retinyl ester fraction increased
      after a lag period of about 2 h, and after 5 h more than 60% of the radioactivity
      was recovered as retinyl esters. In stellate cells, radioactivity was mostly
      present as retinyl esters at all time points examined. Uptake of retinol in both
      parenchymal cells and stellate cells was reduced considerably in vitamin A
      deficient rats. Less than 5% of the injected dose of radioactivity was found in
      liver after 5-6 h (as compared to 25% in control rats), and the radioactivity
      recovered in liver from these animals was mostly in the unesterified retinol
      fraction. Studies with separated cells in vitro suggested that both parenchymal
      and stellate cells isolated from control rats were able to take up retinol from
      the retinol-retinol binding protein-transthyretin complex. This uptake was
      temperature dependent.

PMID- 4055749
TI  - Arrangement of subunits in peanut lectin. Rotation function and chemical cross
      linking studies.
AB  - X-ray intensity data from the native orthorhombic crystals of peanut lectin have
      been collected using oscillation photography. Rotation function studies using
      data up to a resolution of 4.5 A indicate that the four subunits in the molecule,
      which constitute the asymmetric unit in the crystals, are related to one another
      by three mutually perpendicular noncrystallographic 2-fold axes. Chemical cross
      linking experiments in solution followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel
      electrophoresis, carried out in parallel, suggest that there is more than one
      type of intersubunit approach in the molecule. Rotation function and cross
      linking studies thus show that the tetrameric molecule of peanut lectin is a
      dimer of a dimer. The two monomers in a dimer are related by a 2-fold axis. The
      two dimers are in turn related by another 2-fold axis perpendicular to the one
      that relates the two monomers in the dimer, endowing the molecule with 222 (D2)
      symmetry.

PMID- 4055750
TI  - Identification of ethanol-inducible P-450 isozyme 3a as the acetone and acetol
      monooxygenase of rabbit microsomes.
AB  - Treatment of rabbits with 1% (v/v) acetone for 1 week resulted in the appearance
      in blood serum of 88 +/- 14 14 nmol/ml 1-hydroxyacetone (acetol) and 70 +/- 9
      nmol/ml 1,2-propanediol. Untreated rabbits had no detectable 1,2-propanediol or
      acetol. Hepatic microsomes from control, ethanol-, and acetone-treated rabbits
      catalyzed the hydroxylation of acetone at rates of 0.32 +/- 0.01, 2.01 +/- 0.43,
      and 3.64 +/- 0.23 nmol/min/mg of protein, respectively. The same microsomal
      preparations catalyzed the hydroxylation of acetol at rates of 0.33 +/- 0.04,
      0.94 +/- 0.20, and 1.08 +/- 0.12 nmol/min/ mg of microsomal protein,
      respectively. Isozyme 3a purified from acetone- or ethanol-treated rabbits was
      identical as judged by comparison of the high performance liquid chromatographic
      profiles of tryptic digests of the two proteins. Antibody to isozyme 3a inhibited
      greater than 90% of the acetone monooxygenase activity from untreated, acetone-,
      or ethanol-treated rabbits. In contrast, the antibody only inhibited 30% of the
      acetol monooxygenase activity of microsomes from untreated rabbits. The
      inhibition was increased to about 70% after acetone or ethanol treatment.
      Although the activities were inhibited to different extents, a comparison of the
      rates attributable to isozyme 3a from antibody inhibition experiments indicated
      that both activities were induced to a similar extent by ethanol. Similarly,
      acetone also increased both activities to the same extent but was more effective
      than ethanol. In a reconstituted system, isozyme 3a was the only isozyme of six
      forms from rabbit liver to exhibit acetone monooxygenase activity. Isozyme 3a was
      the most active enzyme in the hydroxylation of acetol, but isozymes 2, 3b, and 4
      also were able to catalyze the reaction. Antibody to isozyme 3a also inhibited
      greater than 90% of the acetone hydroxylase activity and 70% of the acetol
      hydroxylase activity of microsomes from acetone-treated rats. Two proteins were
      immunochemically stained on Western blots of microsomes from untreated and
      acetone-treated rats, one of which was increased by acetone treatment. These
      results suggest that isozyme 3a in rabbit and an immunochemically homologous
      enzyme in rat are responsible for acetone and acetol hydroxylation, the initial
      steps in the proposed gluconeogenic pathways for acetone.

PMID- 4055751
TI  - Potentiometric studies of native and flavin-substituted Old Yellow Enzyme.
AB  - We have measured the redox potentials for the flavin cofactor of native Old
      Yellow Enzyme and for a series of chemically modified flavin derivatives bound to
      the apoprotein. These flavin derivatives have midpoint potentials ranging from 
      120 to -300 mV in free solution. For the native enzyme, the midpoint potential of
      the first one-electron couple EFMNox + e- in equilibrium EFMN-. is E1 = -245 +/-
      5 mV and that for the second one-electron couple EFMN-. + e- in equilibrium EFMN
      red is E2 = -215 +/- 5 mV in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C.
      Thus, the apoprotein lowers the two-electron midpoint potential of FMN below its
      value in free solution (Emid,bound = -230 mV, Emid,free = -210 mV). A similar
      effect on the two-electron midpoint potentials of most of the chemically modified
      flavins is observed upon binding to the apoprotein. Therefore, the relative order
      of the respective midpoint potentials of this series of flavins is maintained
      upon binding to the apoenzyme. However, the effect of the apoprotein on the
      separation between E1 and E2 varies considerably over this series of flavin
      derivatives, resulting in quite different levels of thermodynamic stability for
      the one-electron-reduced (semiquinone) forms of the flavin-substituted enzymes.
      The optical absorption spectra of these flavin-substituted enzymes were
      determined in the presence of several phenolic compounds which are known to bind
      to the native enzyme and to give characteristic long wavelength transitions. We
      have found that the positions of the wavelength maxima of these transitions are
      shifted to longer wavelengths as the measured redox potentials of the enzyme
      bound flavins are increased. The relationship between the energy of these long
      wavelength transitions (expressed as vCT = 1/lambda max) and the redox potential
      of the enzyme-bound flavin is interpreted as further evidence that these
      transitions arise from charge-transfer complexes between the phenolic compounds
      and the flavin.

PMID- 4055752
TI  - Isolation and characterization of methionine synthetase from human placenta.
AB  - The cobalamin-dependent enzyme, methionine synthetase, has been purified
      approximately 1000-fold to apparent homogeneity from human placenta with a 19%
      recovery. The final two steps of the purification utilized two different affinity
      columns. The first was a N5-methyltetrahydrofolate-cystamine-agarose column, and
      the second was a S-adenosylhomocysteine-agarose column. The enzyme was eluted
      from the first affinity column by buffer containing reducing agent which released
      the folate and the enzyme while elution from the second affinity column was
      accomplished with buffer containing 0.5 M sodium chloride. Criteria for purity
      were the observations that single peaks of enzyme activity, protein, and
      cobalamin with an apparent molecular weight of 160,000 were obtained by gel
      filtration and that holomethionine synthetase contained 1 mol of cobalamin/mol of
      protein. Furthermore, analysis by high performance liquid chromatography using a
      molecular weight sizing column demonstrated a single peak of protein with a
      corresponding cobalamin peak. This single peak of protein was progressively
      converted to a second protein peak that was enzymatically inactive, and this
      conversion was associated with a directly proportional loss of enzyme activity
      and cobalamin from the first peak. Methionine synthetase appeared to have a
      molecular weight of 160,000 on unreduced sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      slab gel electrophoresis and subunits of Mr 90,000, 45,000, and 35,000 on reduced
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 4055753
TI  - Proton NMR study of yellowfin tuna myoglobin in whole muscle and solution.
      Evidence for functional metastable protein forms involving heme orientational
      disorder.
AB  - Proton NMR spectra of met-aquo-myoglobin have been recorded in whole dark muscle
      from yellowfin tuna for the first time; in addition, spectra of the met-aquo, met
      cyano, and deoxy forms were recorded in solution. The number of resolved methyl
      resonances in the met-aquo and met-cyano derivatives of the purified protein
      indicates a molecular heterogeneity, with the two species present in a ratio of
      approximately 3:2. These same two species, in very similar environments, are
      found in whole muscle. Upon reconstitution of the protein, the ratio of the two
      species is approximately 1:1. Specific isotope labeling in the met-cyano form
      reveals an interchange of 5-methyl and 8-methyl environments that is
      characteristic of heme orientational disorder about the alpha, gamma-meso axis.
      Incubation of the met-cyano protein at 37 degrees C shows that the two species
      are interconvertible, with the minor component declining to about one-eighth of
      that of the major component. This indicates that one of the two orientations is
      favored thermodynamically. The rate of equilibration for the met-aquo protein is
      exceedingly slow (half-life greater than 30 days), some 10(2) slower than for the
      analogous sperm whale derivative. The "reversed" heme orientation is therefore
      present in muscle as a kinetically trapped or metastable species, suggesting that
      the last step in the biosynthesis of myoglobin is similar to that of in vitro
      reconstitution. The presence of both heme orientations in myoglobin in whole
      muscle proves that heme orientational disorder is a physiological phenomenon.

PMID- 4055754
TI  - Reaction of 3-ethoxy-2-oxobutyraldehyde bis(thiosemicarbazonato) Cu(II) with
      Ehrlich cells. Binding of copper to metallothionein and its relationship to zinc
      metabolism and cell proliferation.
AB  - The copper complex of 3-ethoxy-2-oxobutyraldehyde bis(thiosemicarbazone) or CuKTS
      is reduced and dissociated upon reaction with Ehrlich cells. Titration of the
      cells with the complex leads to the specific binding of copper to metallothionein
      with 1 to 1 displacement of its complement of zinc. Under conditions of complete
      titration of metallothionein, 1.25-2.5 nmol CuKTS/10(7) cells, cellular DNA
      synthesis is rapidly inhibited but no long term effects on cell proliferation are
      observed. The kinetics of redistribution of Cu and Zn in Ehrlich cells in culture
      and in animals were studied after pulse reaction of CuKTS with cells. After
      exposure of cells to the noncytotoxic concentration of 2.5 nmol of CuKTS/10(7)
      cells, nonmetallothionein bound copper is lost rapidly from the cells, after
      which copper in metallothionein decays. New zinc metallothionein is made as soon
      as exposed cells are placed in culture. New synthesis stops when the level of
      zinc in metallothionein reaches control levels. A second pulse treatment of cells
      with CuKTS to displace zinc from metallothionein again stimulates new synthesis
      of the protein to restore its normal concentration. The kinetics of metal
      metabolism in Ehrlich cells exposed to 5.5 nmol of CuKTS/10(7) cells, which
      inhibits cell proliferation, are qualitatively similar except there is a
      pronounced lag before new zinc metallothionein is synthesized. The Ehrlich
      ascites tumor in mice responds to CuKTS similarly to cells in culture. It is also
      shown that cultured Ehrlich cells do not make extra zinc metallothionein in the
      presence of high levels of ZnCl2, and fail to accumulate copper in the presence
      of large concentrations of CuCl2.

PMID- 4055755
TI  - Characterization of a dermatan sulfate proteoglycan synthesized by murine
      parietal yolk sac (PYS-2) cells.
AB  - A dermatan sulfate proteoglycan has been isolated from a murine parietal yolk sac
      cell line, which in culture synthesizes basement membrane components. The
      proteoglycan has a molecular weight of 200,000-300,000 with 10-15 dermatan
      sulfate chains of Mr = 14,000-16,000. The glycosaminoglycan chains carry sulfate
      residues predominantly attached to C-4 of the galactosamine unit; less than 10%
      of the sulfate groups occur as 6-sulfated galactosamine units. About 60% of the
      uronic acid residues are of the glucuronic configuration, the rest being iduronic
      acid. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of
      chondroitinase ABC-treated 125I-labeled proteoglycan reveals two polypeptides
      with molecular weights of 34,000 and 27,000. Results from papain digestion of the
      proteoglycan suggest that most of the polysaccharide chains are clustered at a
      papain-resistant segment of the core protein (Mr = 8,000). This proteoglycan is
      distinctly different from the large cartilage proteoglycan in the smaller size of
      its core protein, and its relationship to other small chondroitin and dermatan
      sulfate proteoglycans and to the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan recently
      located in rat tissue basement membranes will be discussed.

PMID- 4055756
TI  - Subunit structure of the dihydrolipoyl transacylase component of branched-chain
      alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex from bovine liver. Characterization of the
      inner transacylase core.
AB  - Limited proteolysis has been used to probe the subunit structure (Mr = 52,000) of
      the dihydrolipoyl transacylase (E2) component of the branched-chain alpha-keto
      acid dehydrogenase complex from bovine liver. Digestion of the complex at 0
      degrees C with a low concentration of trypsin produces an inner E2 core that
      retains the activity for the transacylation reaction and is completely
      dissociated from the decarboxylase (E1) component. The trypsinized E2 maintains
      the highly assembled structure and migrates faster than the native E2 in the
      Sepharose 4B column. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      shows that the inner E2 core consists of two lipoate-free tryptic fragments, i.e.
      fragment A and fragment B with Mr = 26,000 and 22,000, respectively. Both
      fragments apparently fail to bind the E1 component. Fragment A is converted into
      fragment B by increasing trypsin concentrations. Fragment B is a stable limit
      polypeptide containing the intersubunit-binding sites for E2. The assemblage of
      fragment B confers the cubelike appearance of the inner E2 core in electron
      micrographs. Activity measurements indicate that the larger fragment A, but not
      fragment B, possesses transacylation activity. It is likely that a critical
      portion of the active site is present in the 4,000-dalton fragment that is lost
      during the conversion of fragment A to B.

PMID- 4055757
TI  - A photoaffinity derivative of colchicine: 6'-(4'-azido-2'
      nitrophenylamino)hexanoyldeacetylcolchicine. Photolabeling and location of the
      colchicine-binding site on the alpha-subunit of tubulin.
AB  - A photoaffinity analog of colchicine, 6-(4'-azido-2'
      nitrophenylamino)hexanoyldeacetylcolchicine, was synthesized by reacting
      deacetylcolchicine or [3H]deacetylcochicine with N-succinimidyl-6-(4'-azido-2'
      nitrophenylamino)hexanoate. Homogeneity of the photoaffinity analog was
      established by thin-layer chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography.
      The structure of the photoaffinity analog was determined by 1H and 13C NMR,
      infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopies, and elemental analysis. Binding
      of 6-(4'-azido-2'-nitrophenylamino)hexanoyldeacetylcolchicine to bovine renal
      tubulin was measured by competition with [3H]colchicine. The value of the
      apparent Ki for the photoaffinity analog was 0.28 microM in the concentration
      range of 0.8-1.2 microM of the analog. A value of 0.50 microM for the apparent Kd
      was measured by the direct binding of the tritiated photoaffinity analog to
      tubulin. The analog is slightly more potent an inhibitor of microtubule formation
      than colchicine. The photoaffinity analog reacted with renal tubulin upon
      irradiation with a mercury lamp equipped with a 420-nm cutoff filter. Spectral
      and radiochemical analyses of the tubulin after photolysis and dialysis have
      demonstrated a stoichiometric incorporation of the photoaffinity analog in the
      alpha-subunit of the tubulin. Covalent labeling of tubulin with the photoaffinity
      analog decreases the extent of [3H]colchicine binding by more than 90%.

PMID- 4055758
TI  - The identification of N-linked oligosaccharides on the human CR2/Epstein-Barr
      virus receptor and their function in receptor metabolism, plasma membrane
      expression, and ligand binding.
AB  - Human complement receptor type 2 (CR2) was biosynthetically labeled by pulsing SB
      B lymphoblastoid cells for 25 min with [35S]methionine followed by chase in the
      presence of excess unlabeled methionine. An Mr 134,000 polypeptide represented
      the major form of the receptor at the end of the pulse period, and within 1 h of
      chase this disappeared coincident with the appearance of the Mr 145,000 mature
      form of CR2. Precursor, but not mature, CR2 was sensitive to endoglycosidase H,
      indicating that maturation of CR2 represented processing of N-linked high mannose
      oligosaccharides to the complex type. The processing of precursor CR2 was
      impaired by monensin. In the presence of tunicamycin an Mr 111,000 form of CR2
      was synthesized by SB cells, and this did not chase into either precursor or
      mature CR2. This Mr 111,000 form of CR2 did not incorporate [3H]glucosamine,
      indicating that it lacked both N- and O-linked oligosaccharide. The half-lives of
      mature CR2 and nonglycosylated CR2 pulse-labeled in the presence of tunicamycin
      were 13.8 and 2.8 h, respectively; the turnover rate of B1, a membrane protein
      normally lacking carbohydrate, was unaffected by the presence of the antibiotic.
      The percentage of pulse-labeled, nonglycosylated CR2 that was expressed at the
      cell surface after 1 h of chase in the presence of tunicamycin was 30%, identical
      to that of mature CR2 in cells chased in the absence of the antibiotic. However,
      after 6 h of chase there was no additional net accumulation of nonglycosylated
      CR2 at the plasma membrane, while the proportion of pulse-labeled mature CR2 at
      this site had risen to 81%. Therefore, N-linked oligosaccharides are essential
      for the stability of CR2 and have some role in its plasma membrane expression. In
      contrast, the observation that all three forms of CR2 bound to Sepharose C3
      indicates that oligosaccharides are not necessary for the interaction between CR2
      and its complement ligand.

PMID- 4055759
TI  - Photoaffinity labeling of the cap-binding protein complex with ATP/dATP.
      Differential labeling of free eukaryotic initiation factor 4A and the eukaryotic
      initiation factor 4A component of the cap-binding protein complex with [alpha
      32P]ATP/dATP.
AB  - It has been suggested that the cap-binding protein complex is involved in ATP
      mediated melting of 5'-mRNA secondary structure to facilitate ribosome binding
      during initiation of translation in eukaryotic cells (Edery, I., Lee, K. A. W.,
      and Sonenberg, N. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 2456-2462). Consequently, we have
      studied the interaction of dATP/ATP with the eukaryotic cap-binding protein
      complex by UV photoaffinity labeling. UV irradiation of the cap-binding protein
      complex in the presence of [alpha-32P]dATP/ATP resulted in the cross-linking of
      this compound to the 50-kDa polypeptide of the complex. This polypeptide is
      almost identical to the previously characterized eukaryotic initiation factor
      (eIF) 4A. We examined the ability of dATP/ATP to cross-link to eIF-4A and found
      that it cross-links less efficiently (approximately 60-fold on a molar basis)
      compared to the cross-linking obtained for the eIF-4A component of the cap
      binding protein complex. Irradiation of purified eIF-4A together with the cap
      binding protein complex in the presence of [alpha-32P]dATP resulted in greater
      than additive labeling of the eIF-4A component of the cap-binding protein complex
      and purified eIF-4A, suggesting a synergistic interaction between purified eIF
      4A, the cap-binding protein complex, and dATP/ATP. We also report that
      photoaffinity labeling of eIF-4A and the eIF-4A component in the cap-binding
      protein complex is stimulated by eIF-4B, but not by other initiation factors or
      mRNA.

PMID- 4055760
TI  - Mitochondrial and plasma membrane potentials cause unusual accumulation and
      retention of rhodamine 123 by human breast adenocarcinoma-derived MCF-7 cells.
AB  - Quantitative studies of MCF-7 cells (derived from human breast adenocarcinoma)
      and CV-1 cells (from normal African green monkey kidney epithelium), using the
      permeant cationic compound tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP), in conjunction with
      fluorescence microscopy using rhodamine 123 (Rh123), indicate that the
      mitochondrial and plasma membrane potentials affect both uptake and retention of
      these compounds. Under conditions that depolarize the plasma membrane, uptake and
      retention of TPP and Rh123, driven only by the mitochondrial membrane potential,
      is greater in MCF-7 than in CV-1. An ionophore that dissipates the mitochondrial
      membrane potential of MCF-7 cells causes them to resemble CV-1 cells by
      decreasing uptake and retention. Hyperpolarizing the mitochondrial membrane of CV
      1 increases accumulation and prolongs retention; hyperpolarization of the plasma
      membrane further heightens this effect, causing the uptake of CV-1 cells to
      resemble that of MCF-7 cells even more closely. The greater uptake and retention
      by MCF-7 appears to be a consequence of elevated mitochondrial and plasma
      membrane potentials. The plasma membrane potential affects mitochondrial
      retention of TPP and Rh123 and its role in enhancing the effect of a difference
      in mitochondrial membrane potential is explained.

PMID- 4055761
TI  - Purification and characterization of multiple isoforms of tropomyosin from rat
      cultured cells.
AB  - We have previously shown that rat cultured cells contain five isoforms of
      tropomyosin (Matsumura, F., Yamashiro-Matsumura, S., and Lin, J. J.-C. (1983) J.
      Biol. Chem. 258, 6636-6644) and that these tropomyosins are differentially
      expressed upon cell transformation (Matsumura, F., Lin, J. J.-C., Yamashiro
      Matsumura, S., Thomas, G. P., and Topp, W. C. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 13954
      13964). To examine functions of tropomyosin in microfilament organization, we
      have purified and partially separated the multiple isoforms of tropomyosin by
      chromatography on hydroxylapatite. Analyses of cross-linked dimers produced by
      air oxidation have revealed that all isoforms except the tropomyosin isoform with
      apparent Mr of 35,000 form homodimers. Although these tropomyosins share many
      properties characteristic of tropomyosin, structural analyses at a peptide level
      and immunological analyses have shown that the five isoforms can be classified
      into two groups, i.e. tropomyosins with higher apparent Mr (Mr = 40,000, 36,500,
      and 35,000) and tropomyosins with lower apparent Mr (Mr = 32,400 and 32,000). The
      low Mr tropomyosins show less ability for head-to-tail polymerization and lower
      affinity to actin than the high Mr tropomyosins. We suggest that these
      differences in properties may be related to the changes in microfilament
      organization observed in transformed cells.

PMID- 4055762
TI  - Cell-free sulfation of the contact site A glycoprotein of Dictyostelium
      discoideum and of a partially glycosylated precursor.
AB  - An 80-kDa glycoprotein of Dictyostelium discoideum, designated contact site A,
      has been implicated in EDTA-stable cell adhesion. This protein is known to be the
      major sulfated protein of aggregation-competent cells and has been shown to
      contain two types of carbohydrate, sulfated type 1 and unsulfated type 2
      carbohydrate moieties. Here we investigate the cell-free sulfation of this
      protein. In the homogenate of developing cells, [35S]sulfate was transferred by
      endogenous sulfotransferase from [35S]3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate to
      the contact site A glycoprotein and to various other endogenous proteins. The
      sulfate was transferred to carbohydrate rather than to tyrosine residues. After
      differential centrifugation of the homogenate, the capacity for sulfation of the
      contact site A glycoprotein was barely detected in the plasma membrane-enriched
      10,000 X g pellet fraction which contained the bulk of this glycoprotein, but was
      largely recovered in the 100,000 X g pellet fraction which contained only a small
      portion of this glycoprotein. After sucrose gradient centrifugation, the
      membranes containing the sulfation capacity were found to have a density
      characteristic for Golgi membranes. In immunoblots, monoclonal antibodies raised
      against the contact site A glycoprotein recognized not only this 80-kDa protein,
      but also a sulfatable 68-kDa protein found in the 100,000 X g pellet fraction.
      The 68-kDa protein did not react with monoclonal antibodies against type 2
      carbohydrate but was converted by endoglycosidases F and H into a 53-kDa protein,
      indicating that it was a partially glycosylated form of the 80-kDa glycoprotein
      containing only type 1 carbohydrate. Isoelectric focusing showed that a
      substantial portion of the 68-kDa glycoprotein was unsulfated, even after cell
      free sulfation. The 68-kDa glycoprotein was not found in the plasma membrane
      enriched 10,000 X g pellet fraction and did not accumulate in parallel with the
      80-kDa contact site A glycoprotein during cell development. We conclude that the
      68-kDa glycoprotein is a precursor that is converted by attachment of type 2
      carbohydrate and sulfation of type 1 carbohydrate into the mature 80-kDa
      glycoprotein. The precursor nature of the 68-kDa glycoprotein was supported by
      results obtained with mutant HL220 which is defective in glycosylation (Murray,
      B. A., Wheeler, S., Jongens, T., and Loomis, W. F. (1984) Mol. Cell. Biol. 4, 514
      519). This mutant specifically lacks type 2 carbohydrate and produces a 68-Kda
      glycoprotein instead of the 80-kDa contact site A glycoprotein (Yoshida, M.,
      Stadler, J., Bertholdt, G., and Gerisch, G. (1984) EMBO J. 3, 2663
      2670).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4055763
TI  - Deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin. Modulation of its solubility by 2,3
      diphosphoglycerate and other allosteric polyanions.
AB  - The effects of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) and other allosteric polyanions of
      the phosphate or sulfate ester class (inositol hexaphosphate (IHP), ATP,
      pyridoxamine-5'-phosphate (PMP), and inositol hexasulfate (IHS] on the solubility
      of deoxyhemoglobin S, and the oxygen affinity of Hb A were evaluated. Their
      effects on the saturation concentration (csat) indicated promotion of gelation in
      each case, according to the following order of molar effectiveness: IHP greater
      than IHS greater than DPG greater than ATP much greater than PMP. Four polybasic
      carboxylic acids (benzenetricarboxylate (trimesic acid), benzenetetracarboxylate
      (BTC), benzenepentacarboxylate (BPC), and benzenehexacarboxylate (BHC] were
      evaluated as well. Their order of molar effectiveness was: BHC greater than BPC
      greater than BTC much greater than trimesic acid. Both classes of polyanions
      influenced oxygen affinity in the same order as solubility. Overall, a good
      correlation existed between the negative charges of these nine allosteric
      polyanions at neutral pH and their effects on solubility and oxygen affinity.
      Because of its possible role in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease, the
      effect of DPG on csat was examined over the pH range 6.5-7.6. While a decrease in
      csat was observed for DPG-saturated deoxyhemoglobin S throughout this range, the
      decrement observed in the physiological pH range (1.8 g/dl) was somewhat lower
      than that below neutral pH (3.0 g/dl); in either case the sickling tendency of SS
      red cells would be enhanced. Inasmuch as the intracellular concentration of DPG
      in sickle cell anemia may be elevated as much as 2-fold, maneuvers aimed at its
      reduction could be therapeutically beneficial.

PMID- 4055764
TI  - Biosynthesis of monoterpenes. Enantioselectivity in the enzymatic cyclization of
      linalyl pyrophosphate to (-)-endo-fenchol.
AB  - The conversion of geranyl pyrophosphate to (-)-endo-fenchol is considered to
      proceed by the initial isomerization of the substrate to (-)-(3R)-linalyl
      pyrophosphate and the subsequent cyclization of this bound intermediate. To test
      this stereochemical scheme, phosphatase-free preparations of (-)-endo-fenchol
      cyclase from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare M.) fruit were repeatedly incubated with
      a sample of (3RS)-[1-3H2]linalyl pyrophosphate until approximately 50% of this
      precursor was converted to the bicyclic monoterpenol end product. The residual
      linalyl pyrophosphate was isolated and enzymatically hydrolyzed to the free
      alcohol, linalool, which was resolved by chiral phase capillary gas-liquid
      chromatography of the derived threo and erythro mixture of 1,2-epoxides. The
      predominance of the (3S)-enantiomer in the residual substrate indicated that the
      (3R)-enantiomer was preferred for the cyclization to (-)-(1S)-endo-fenchol. This
      conclusion was subsequently confirmed by the preparation and direct testing of
      (3R)-1Z-[1-3H] linalyl pyrophosphate, which afforded a Km value lower than that
      observed for geranyl pyrophosphate and a relative velocity nearly three times
      higher. (3S)-1Z-[1-3H]Linalyl pyrophosphate was not an effective substrate for (
      )-endo-fenchol biosynthesis but did, by an anomalous cyclization, give rise to
      low levels of the enantiomeric (+)-(1R)-endo-fenchol as well as to other
      products. These results support the proposed stereochemical model and also
      suggest that the isomerization step is rate limiting in the coupled isomerization
      cyclization of geranyl pyrophosphate to (-)-endo-fenchol.

PMID- 4055765
TI  - The mechanism and specificity of iron transport in Rhodotorula pilimanae probed
      by synthetic analogs of rhodotorulic acid.
AB  - The yeast Rhodotorula pilimanae produces the dihydroxamate siderophore
      rhodotorulic acid (RA) in prodigious amounts when starved for iron. Synthetic
      dihydroxamate analogs of RA have been prepared in which the diketopiperazine ring
      of RA is replaced by a simple chain of n methylene groups. It is found that R.
      pilimanae is able to accumulate iron using these achiral complexes, as well as
      from simple monohydroxamate analogs, at rates comparable to those of RA. While
      the Fe2RA3 complex does not enter the cell, there is a receptor system whose
      geometric requirements for siderophore recognition have been probed using
      analogs. In contrast to mono- or dihydroxamate ligands, the trihydroxamate
      siderophores such as ferrioxamine B are completely ineffective at delivering iron
      to R. pilimanae. This is ascribed to the greater stability of these complexes,
      which blocks release of the Fe(III) in a ligand exchange process that is required
      for uptake. To explore whether this ligand exchange involves redox catalysis,
      Ga(III) was substituted for Fe(III). The gallium was taken up at rates near those
      of iron and were also energy-dependent, as determined by metabolic inhibition
      with KCN.

PMID- 4055766
TI  - Stereospecificity of siderophore-mediated iron uptake in Rhodotorula pilimanae as
      probed by enantiorhodotorulic acid and isomers of chromic rhodotorulate.
AB  - Rhodotorulic acid (RA), a dihydroxamate siderophore produced by Rhodotorula
      pilimanae, forms 3:2 complexes with ferric and chromic ions (M2RA3) at pH 7.
      Kinetically inert chromic complexes of RA have been separated into geometrical
      isomers and for the first time partially resolved into optical isomers. The three
      isomers delta-cis, delta-trans, and lambda-trans were characterized by their
      visible and circular dichroism spectra. Inhibition by both delta-isomers of
      radiolabeled ferric RA uptake in R. pilimanae was equally effective. However the
      lambda-cis isomer was significantly less effective as an inhibitor. Concentration
      dependent uptake kinetics were performed with ferric RA and the ferric complex of
      synthetic enantio-RA, which form predominantly delta and lambda complexes,
      respectively. The lambda-enantio-Fe2RA3 was 50% less effective in supplying iron
      to R. pilimanae than was Fe2RA3. An additional synthetic analog of RA, which
      lacks a carbonyl group at the diketopiperazine ring, exhibited the same uptake
      rates as ferric RA. We conclude that stereoselective recognition of optical
      isomers takes place during iron uptake mediated by RA and that this recognition
      primarily involves the right-handed delta coordination "propellor" of the metal
      center and its adjacent functionalities.

PMID- 4055767
TI  - Primary structure of the low-molecular-weight carbohydrate chains of Helix
      pomatia alpha-hemocyanin. Xylose as a constituent of N-linked oligosaccharides in
      an animal glycoprotein.
AB  - alpha-Hemocyanin of Helix pomatia is a copper-containing glycoprotein which
      serves as an oxygen carrier in the hemolymph. Its carbohydrate moiety has as
      constituents fucose, xylose, 3-O-methylgalactose, mannose, galactose, N
      acetylgalactosamine, and N-acetyl-glucosamine residues. Alkaline borhydride did
      not split off any carbohydrate material, suggesting the absence of O-glycosidic
      chains. The N-glycosidic carbohydrate chains of this glycoprotein were liberated
      by hydrazinolysis of a Pronase digest then fractionated as alditols on Bio-Gel P
      4. The fractions containing the low-molecular-weight glycans were investigated by
      500-MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with sugar and methylation analysis.
      The largest, and most abundant, compound was established to be: (Formula: see
      text). Another compound was characterized as the afuco analogue of this
      structure. H. pomatia alpha-hemocyanin is the first example of an animal
      glycoprotein having xylose as a constituent of N-glycosidic carbohydrate chains.

PMID- 4055768
TI  - Receptor binding and biological potency of several split forms (conversion
      intermediates) of human proinsulin. Studies in cultured IM-9 lymphocytes and in
      vivo and in vitro in rats.
AB  - The biological activities of several derivatives of human proinsulin (HPI)
      containing peptide bond cleavages or peptide deletions in the connecting peptide
      region were examined in vivo in rats and in several in vitro systems. The two
      derivatives which were tested in vivo, split (32-33)HPI and des-(64,65)HPI, both
      demonstrated greater potency in lowering blood glucose than did intact HPI. The
      receptor binding affinities of split (65-66)HPI, des-(57-65)HPI, des-(64,65)HPI,
      des-(33-56)HPI, des-(31,32)HPI, split (32-33)HPI, and split (56-57)HPI were
      examined in cultured IM-9 lymphocytes, freshly isolated rat adipocytes, and
      purified rat liver membranes and were compared to the binding of intact HPI and
      insulin. In these systems, HPI averaged approximately 1% of the activity of
      insulin. Modification of proinsulin in the connecting peptide region near the A
      chain of insulin to form split (65-66)HPI, des-(57-65)HPI, des-(64,65)HPI, or des
      (33-56)HPI resulted in an increase in affinity for receptor binding ranging from
      11 to 27-fold over that of intact HPI. In contrast, modifications near the B
      chain of insulin to form either des-(31,32)HPI or split (32-33)HPI resulted in
      roughly a 5-fold increase in affinity, whereas a cleavage within the connecting
      peptide to form split (56-57)HPI showed only a 2-fold increase in affinity as
      compared to intact HPI. The biological potencies of these materials were examined
      in isolated rat adipocytes. At high concentrations (10(-7) M), each derivative
      produced the same maximal response. At lower concentrations, differences in the
      relative potencies paralleled the differences in receptor binding affinity
      previously noted.

PMID- 4055769
TI  - Effects of molybdate on steroid receptors in intact GH1 cells. Evidence for
      dissociation of an intracellular 10 S receptor oligomer prior to nuclear
      accumulation.
AB  - Treatment of intact GH1 cells with sodium molybdate inhibits the subsequent rate
      of nuclear accumulation of hormone-occupied glucocorticoid and estrogen
      receptors. Cells were incubated at 23 degrees C for 1 h with 30 mM molybdate and
      then for up to 30 min with [3H]triamcinolone acetonide or [3H]estradiol in the
      continued presence of molybdate. Although molybdate did not affect the rate of
      receptor occupancy with either steroid, cells treated with molybdate had more
      occupied cytosolic and fewer occupied nuclear receptors than control cells. For
      the glucocorticoid receptor, cells treated with molybdate had more 10 S and fewer
      4 S cytosolic receptors than control cells. In low salt cytosol molybdate
      inhibits the temperature-mediated subunit dissociation of occupied 10 S
      glucocorticoid receptor. These results suggest that a hormone-mediated
      dissociation of an intracellular 10 S oligomeric glucocorticoid receptor form to
      its 4 S subunits is required prior to accumulation of occupied receptors in the
      nuclear fraction. In cells incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 h or longer with
      [3H]triamcinolone acetonide, molybdate shifts the steady state intracellular
      distribution of receptor toward the 10 S cytosolic receptor form, consistent with
      the interpretation that molybdate affects the rapidly exchanging subunit
      equilibrium between the 10 S and 4 S cytosolic forms by slowing the rate of 10 S
      receptor dissociation. Molybdate prevents loss of glucocorticoid-occupied 10 S
      but not 4 S receptors in heated cytosol by stabilizing the relatively protease
      resistant 10 S receptor. Since molybdate stabilizes 10 S oligomeric steroid
      receptors in vitro, the effects of molybdate on nuclear accumulation of occupied
      receptors in intact cells support the intracellular existence and physiological
      relevance of 10 S glucocorticoid and estrogen receptors. These results support a
      general model for steroid receptor activation in which binding of hormone
      promotes dissociation of intracellular 8-10 S oligomeric receptors to their DNA
      binding subunits.

PMID- 4055770
TI  - The influence of isolation conditions on the molecular weight of bovine alpha
      crystallin.
AB  - The molecular weight of bovine alpha-crystallin, isolated at 37 degrees C, was
      studied and found to be about 800,000. This contrasts with the results of Thomson
      and Augusteyn (Thomson, J. A., and Augusteyn, R. C. (1983) Exp. Eye Res. 37, 367
      377) who isolated a species of about half this molecular weight. We show here
      that this form of alpha-crystallin can only be isolated under unphysiological
      conditions with regard to buffer pH and ionic strength.

PMID- 4055771
TI  - Electrostatic interactions in sperm whale myoglobin. Site specificity, roles in
      structural elements, and external electrostatic potential distributions.
AB  - The electrostatic free energy contribution to the stability of sperm whale
      ferrimyoglobin was evaluated according to the static accessibility modified
      Tanford-Kirkwood model. The electrostatic free energy contribution of each
      distinct structural element was divided into one term arising from interactions
      between it and other elements (interelemental) and another from interactions
      within the particular element itself (intraelemental). At pH 7 the majority of
      the terms were found to be stabilizing. The interelemental terms are the dominant
      ones for most structural elements. The small interelemental terms of the C and D
      helices are compensated by large intraelemental interactions which stabilize
      these short helices. Perturbations in pH can be accommodated by the structural
      elements through a redistribution of stabilizing and destabilizing interactions.
      The electrostatic potentials calculated at the surface of the protein indicate
      that the internal compensation of local potentials achieved during folding
      results in a generally neutral protein-solvent interface save for two distinct
      areas of nonzero potential. The accessibility of each charged atom to solvent was
      analyzed in terms of the surface area lost to charged, polar and nonpolar atoms
      separately. The net solvent accessibility lost parallels closely that lost to
      nonpolar atoms alone, indicating a specific role for nonpolar atoms in defining
      dielectric shielding of charged atoms, aside from their participation in the well
      known hydrophobic interactions.

PMID- 4055772
TI  - Isoprenoid synthesis in isolated embryonic Drosophila cells. Sterol-independent
      regulatory signal molecule is distal to isopentenyl 1-pyrophosphates.
AB  - Embryonic Drosophila cells (Kc cells) were used to further characterize sterol
      independent modulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA)
      reductase activity. 3-Methyl-3-5-dihydroxyvalerate (mevalonate), 3-fluoromethyl
      3,5-dihydroxyvalerate (fluoromevalonate), and 3-ethyl-3,5-dihydroxyvalerate
      (homomevalonate) were tested as modulators. Although mevalonate caused a rapid,
      reversible suppression of reductase activity, fluoro- and homomevalonate
      increased activity; fluoromevalonate was more effective than homomevalonate.
      Mevalonate, added simultaneously with fluoromevalonate, blocked the analogue's
      effect on Kc cell reductase activity. However, mevalonate did not suppress an
      established fluoromevalonate increase in HMG-CoA reductase activity.
      Fluoromevalonate blocked [1-14C, 5-3H]mevalonate conversion to 14CO2- and 3H
      labeled lipids and [3H] mevalonate 5-pyrophosphate accumulated. Neither protein
      nor RNA synthesis were required for mevalonate-mediated suppression of reductase
      activity. However, fluoromevalonate's effect on reductase activity required
      protein synthesis. Furthermore, in the absence of protein synthesis,
      fluoromevalonate-stabilized Kc cell HMG-CoA reductase activity. We have concluded
      that mevalonate, fluoromevalonate, homomevalonate, and compactin (mevinolin)
      modulated HMG-CoA reductase activity because they altered isoprenoid carbon flow
      to a post-isopentenyl 1-pyrophosphate regulatory, signal molecule.

PMID- 4055773
TI  - Geminate reactions of oxygen and nitric oxide with the alpha and beta subunits of
      Fe-Co hybrid hemoglobins.
AB  - The alpha and beta subunits in Fe-Co hybrid hemoglobins differ in their rapid
      reactions with dioxygen and nitric oxide after dissociation by a 25-ns
      photoflash. The alpha subunits show little recombination on a scale of tens of
      nanoseconds, whereas the beta subunits show extensive recombination on this time
      sale. The alpha-beta difference is more marked with Fe than with Co and greater
      with dioxygen as ligand than with nitric oxide, but is clearly evident in all
      combinations of ligand and metal. Addition of inositol hexaphosphate slows ligand
      binding and reduces the proportion of rapid recombination of dioxygen and nitric
      oxide to beta-Fe subunits. The behavior of alpha-Fe subunits is unaffected by
      this compound. These results permit the beta subunit to be identified as the T
      state species which equilibrates rapidly with oxygen in the T-state, i.e. the
      reverse of the identification suggested on structural grounds.

PMID- 4055774
TI  - Intrahepatic assembly of very low density lipoproteins. Varied synthetic response
      of individual apolipoproteins to fasting.
AB  - Hepatocytes obtained from rats fed for 3 days chow (control) or drinking water
      only (fasted) were used to examine how metabolic state affects lipogenesis,
      apolipoprotein synthesis, and the capacity to secrete de novo synthesized
      triacylglycerol. The secretion of triacylglycerol (mass and 3H-labeled via 3H2O
      incorporation) by both groups of cells was constant for 30 h. Moreover, cells
      from fasted rats secreted triacylglycerol at rates which were markedly reduced
      (mass -84%; 3H-labeled -91%). To assess the relative capacities of the two groups
      of hepatocytes to augment triacylglycerol secretion in response to stimulated
      lipogenesis, cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of glucose.
      Control cells responded to glucose by increasing equally the synthesis and
      secretion of [3H] triacylglycerol. When cells from fasted rats were challenged
      with glucose, triacylglycerol secretion was not increased. Rather, it accumulated
      intracellularly. Double-reciprocal plot analysis of the capacity to augment
      triacylglycerol secretion in response to glucose showed that cells from fasted
      rats had a greater than 10-fold decrease in V'max. Moreover, fasting changed the
      synthesis and secretion of apolipoproteins selectively: secretion of low
      molecular weight apo-B was decreased 50%, large molecular weight apo-B was
      unchanged, and apo-E was increased 2-4-fold. Analysis of the lipoproteins from
      both groups of cells on Bio-Gel A-50m showed that the very low density
      lipoprotein secreted by cells from fasted rats was smaller. In addition, all of
      the increased de novo synthesized apo-E secreted by cells from fasted rats eluted
      after the triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. The combined data show that: 1) the
      synthesis of individual very low density lipoprotein apolipoproteins is
      independently regulated, and 2) the synthesis (availability) of apo-B determines
      the capacity of the hepatocyte to assemble/secrete triacylglycerol-rich very low
      density lipoprotein.

PMID- 4055775
TI  - Properties of rat liver N-acylethanolamine amidohydrolase.
AB  - Rat liver microsomes and mitochondria contain an amidohydrolase which catalyzes
      the hydrolysis of N-acylethanolamine to ethanolamine and fatty acid. The enzyme
      is active over a wide range of pH, does not require divalent cations, and is
      inhibited by sulfhydryl-reactive agents. The detergents Triton X-100, sodium
      cholate, and sodium dodecyl sulfate are also inhibitory, but sodium
      taurodeoxycholate has little effect and was therefore used to solubilize the
      enzyme. The solubilized enzyme exhibits high substrate specificity for long-chain
      amides of ethanolamine. Amides of propanolamine or higher homologs are hydrolyzed
      at a drastically slower rate, and isomers prepared from long-chain amine and
      short-chain hydroxy acid are neither substrates nor inhibitors of the enzyme.
      Neither ceramide (N-acylsphingosine) nor N,O-diacylethanolamine is hydrolyzed.
      Both particulate and soluble enzyme preparations also catalyze the synthesis of N
      acylethanolamine from ethanolamine and fatty acid, probably by the amidohydrolase
      acting in reverse.

PMID- 4055776
TI  - Characterization of a mitochondrial transport system for branched chain alpha
      keto acids.
AB  - Efflux of branched chain alpha-keto acids from preloaded rat heart mitochondria
      was slow at low external pH. Efflux was first order, and measured rate constants,
      kappa efflux, were 0.104 +/- 0.005 and 0.115 +/- 0.006 min-1 for alpha
      ketoisovalerate and alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC), respectively. Efflux was
      stimulated significantly by branched chain alpha-keto acids and related
      carboxylates such as alpha-ketocaproate and alpha-ketovalerate, but not by
      substrates for the pyruvate transporter. KIC was the preferred substrate, and the
      apparent exchange K0.5 for KIC was 0.14 +/- 0.10 mM. Exchange was 7-8-fold faster
      than efflux, and the maximal rate of exchange at saturating concentrations of
      alpha-ketoisovalerate and KIC appeared to be independent of the metabolite used.
      It is proposed that branched chain alpha-keto acids cross the inner mitochondrial
      membrane on a specific transporter. Transport occurs with a proton, i.e. by
      proton symport, and is sensitive to inhibition by cinnamic acid derivatives.

PMID- 4055777
TI  - The structural organization of skeletal proteins influences lipid translocation
      across erythrocyte membrane.
AB  - In order to define the influence of skeletal protein organization on
      transmembrane phospholipid movement in erythrocyte membranes, we measured the
      translocation rate of lysophosphatidylcholine in pathologic red cells. A simple
      method based on the differential extraction of lysophosphatidylcholine from the
      red cell membrane by saline and albumin solutions was used to quantitate the
      translocation rate. Two groups of pathologic red cells were chosen for these
      studies: red cells with quantitative deficiencies of the skeletal proteins,
      spectrin and protein 4.1, and sickle erythrocytes in which controlled
      reorganization of the membrane was induced by hemoglobin polymerization. Marked
      increase in lipid translocation rate was seen in red cells having quantitative
      deficiencies of spectrin and protein 4.1. The magnitude of the increase in
      translocation rate in spectrin-deficient red cells was related to the magnitude
      of protein deficiency. Translocation rate in sickle erythrocyte membranes
      increased by 50% upon deoxygenation as a result of sickle hemoglobin
      polymerization. No increase in translocation rate was seen in normal cells upon
      deoxygenation. By manipulating the extent of membrane reorganization that
      occurred following deoxygenation of sickle cells, we have been able to show that
      skeletal reorganization induced by hemoglobin polymerization and not hemoglobin
      polymerization per se is responsible for the increase in translocation rate.
      Together, these findings imply that the structural organization of membrane
      skeletal proteins plays an important role in regulating the rate of transbilayer
      movement of lipids across the erythrocyte membrane.

PMID- 4055778
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation. Catalytic site
      cooperativity in ATP synthesis.
AB  - Oxidative phosphorylation catalyzed by bovine heart submitochondrial particles
      appears to exhibit negative cooperativity with respect to [ADP] and positive
      cooperativity in catalysis. Eadie-Hofstee plots (v/[S]versus v) of the kinetics
      of oxidative phosphorylation at the variable ADP concentration range of 1-1200
      microM were curvilinear and could be analyzed for two apparent KmADP values
      differing by one order of magnitude, and two apparent Vmax values. The KmADP
      values with either NADH or succinate as the respiratory substrate were in the
      ranges of 10 and 100 microM, and the Vmax values in nmol of ATP formed X min-1
      (mg of protein)-1 were, respectively, 500 and 1840 when NADH was the oxidizable
      substrate, and 550 and 100 when succinate was the energy source. Site-site
      cooperativity of the ATP synthase, which is a central feature of current theories
      for the mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation, has been well-documented for ATP
      hydrolysis by isolated F1-ATPase, but never before demonstrated for mitochondrial
      ATP synthesis.

PMID- 4055779
TI  - Regulation of low density lipoprotein receptor synthesis in cultured luteinized
      human granulosa cells by human chorionic gonadotropin and 8-bromo-cyclic AMP.
AB  - We investigated the regulation of synthesis of low density lipoprotein (LDL)
      receptor in cultured luteinized human granulosa cells using a monoclonal antibody
      recognizing the human LDL receptor (IgG-C7). Cells cultured under serum-free
      conditions were treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or 8-bromo-cAMP
      alone or in combination with aminoglutethimide (to block conversion of
      cholesterol to steroid hormones) and 5-cholesten-3 beta, 25-diol (25
      hydroxycholesterol, a potent suppressor of LDL receptor expression in human
      fibroblasts) and pulse-labeled with [35S]methionine. A labeled protein
      immunoisolated with IgG-C7 was identified as the mature LDL receptor in 7.5%
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels on the basis of an apparent molecular
      mass of 160 kDa, absence of the protein from immunoisolates prepared with a
      monoclonal antibody against an irrelevant antigen, and an apparent decrease in
      molecular weight of the mature receptor upon treatment with neuraminidase or
      electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions. hCG and 8-bromo-cAMP consistently
      increased the incorporation of radioactivity into the mature LDL receptor by 2-6
      fold. The effect of hCG on LDL receptor synthesis was observed with as little as
      10 mIU of hCG/ml and was apparent within 2 h of addition of the hormone. A
      combination of 25-hydroxycholesterol and aminoglutethimide resulted in a 60%
      suppression of label incorporation into mature LDL receptor compared to untreated
      cells. This would suggest some regulation of LDL receptor synthesis by negative
      feedback of sterol. However, both hCG and 8-bromo-cAMP increased label
      incorporation into the LDL receptor in the face of these agents. We conclude that
      in human granulosa cells, hCG, through the intermediacy of cAMP, rapidly
      increases LDL receptor synthesis by a mechanism which is, at least in part,
      independent of alterations in cellular cholesterol balance.

PMID- 4055780
TI  - Shortening velocity and myosin heavy chains of developing rabbit muscle fibers.
AB  - The regulation of vertebrate muscle contraction with respect to the role of the
      different subunits of myosin remains somewhat uncertain. One approach to gaining
      a better understanding of the molecular basis of contraction is to study
      developing muscle which undergoes changes in myosin isozyme composition and
      contractile properties during the normal course of maturation. The present study
      utilizes single fibers from psoas muscles of rabbits at several ages as a model
      system for fast-twitch muscle development. This approach eliminates the inherent
      problems of interpreting results from studies on whole muscles which usually
      contain heterogeneous fiber types with respect to contractile properties and
      isoenzyme composition. Maximum velocity of shortening and tension-generating
      ability of individual fibers were measured and the myosin heavy chain composition
      of the same fibers was examined using an ultrasensitive sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel system. The results indicate that 1) with regard to
      contractile properties, there is a transitional period from slow to fast
      shortening velocities within the first postnatal month; 2) a strong, positive
      correlation exists between the speed of shortening and tension-generating ability
      of individual postnatal day 7 fibers, suggesting that as more myosin is
      incorporated in these developing fibers it is of the fast type; and 3) there is a
      wide variation in maximum velocity of shortening among postnatal day 7 psoas
      fibers which is also a time when a mixture of heavy chain isoforms characterizes
      the myosin composition of single muscle fibers.

PMID- 4055781
TI  - pH control of actin polymerization by cofilin.
AB  - Cofilin, a 21,000 molecular weight actin-regulatory protein (Nishida, E.,
      Maekawa, S., and Sakai, H. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 5307-5313), was here shown to
      be capable of reversibly controlling actin polymerization and depolymerization in
      a pH-sensitive manner. When cofilin was reacted with F-actin at different pH, the
      depolymerized actin concentration (= monomeric actin concentration) was higher at
      elevated pH. At pH less than 7.3, the monomeric actin concentrations did not
      exceed approximately 1 microM even in the presence of excess amounts of cofilin,
      whereas at pH greater than 7.3 it increased in proportion to the concentration of
      cofilin added, and complete depolymerization of F-actin occurred by the addition
      of an excess amount of cofilin. Moreover, in the presence of cofilin, rapid
      interconversion of monomeric and polymeric forms of actin can be induced by
      simply changing the pH of the medium. Thus, this study provides a new possible
      mechanism regulating actin polymerization, pH control.

PMID- 4055782
TI  - Identification of a peptide fragment from the carboxyl-terminal extension region
      (E-domain) of rat proinsulin-like growth factor-II.
AB  - A fragment of the carboxyl-terminal extension region (E-peptide) of rat
      proinsulin-like growth factor-II has been purified from medium conditioned by
      cultured BRL-3A rat liver cells. The fragment, identified by microsequence
      analysis, was discovered in a biologically active fraction of insulin-like growth
      factor II (IGF-II). The fragment begins at position 117 in pro-IGF-II, two amino
      acids downstream from an Arg-Arg potential prohormone processing site. A
      synthetic analogue of the E-peptide at high concentrations stimulates
      [3H]thymidine incorporation in NIL8 hamster cells, raising the possibility that
      the E-peptide might bind with low affinity to a mitogen receptor. Peptides from
      the E-regions of pro-IGF-I and pro-IGF-II should be useful for development of
      radioimmunoassays for measurement of the somatic production of IGF-I and IGF-II,
      analogous to the radioimmunoassay for the insulin C-peptide.

PMID- 4055783
TI  - Binding of adenovirus and its external proteins to Triton X-114. Dependence on
      pH.
AB  - 35S-Labeled adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) (10 ng/ml) was incubated with 1% Triton X-114
      at various pH values varying from 3.0 to 8.0. The detergent phase was separated
      from the aqueous phase by centrifugation, and the amounts of Ad2 were determined
      in the two phases. At pH 7.0-8.0, less than 5% of Ad2 was associated with the
      detergent phase; at pH 5.0 or below, about 60% of Ad2 was associated with the
      detergent phase. When a mixture of 35S-labeled capsid proteins was used at pH
      7.0, 60-70% of the total proteins were associated with the detergent at pH 5.0,
      but less than 5% of the proteins interacted with detergent at pH 7.0. Among the
      three major external proteins (hexon, penton base, and fiber), penton base had
      the highest association with Triton X-114 at pH 5.0. Both intact virus and the
      capsid proteins that were associated with Triton X-114 at pH 5.0 were released
      into the aqueous phase on subsequent incubation at pH 7.0. On the basis of these
      results, it is suggested that mildly acidic pH induces amphiphilic properties in
      adenovirus capsid proteins and may help Ad2 escape from acidic endocytic
      vesicles.

PMID- 4055784
TI  - Substrate specificity of a multifunctional calmodulin-dependent protein kinase.
AB  - The substrate specificity of the multifunctional calmodulin-dependent protein
      kinase from skeletal muscle has been studied using a series of synthetic peptide
      analogs. The enzyme phosphorylated a synthetic peptide corresponding to the NH2
      terminal 10 residues of glycogen synthase, Pro-Leu-Ser-Arg-Thr-Leu-Ser-Val-Ser
      Ser-NH2, stoichiometrically at Ser-7, the same residue phosphorylated in the
      parent protein. The synthetic peptide was phosphorylated with a Vmax of 12.5
      mumol X min-1 X mg-1 and an apparent Km of 7.5 microM compared to values of 1.2
      mumol X min-1 X mg-1 and 3.1 microM, respectively, for glycogen synthase.
      Similarly, a synthetic peptide corresponding to the NH2-terminal 23 residues of
      smooth muscle myosin light chain was readily phosphorylated on Ser-19 with a Km
      of 4 microM and a Vmax of 5.4 mumol X min-1 X mg-1. The importance of the
      arginine 3 residues NH2-terminal to the phosphorylated serine in each of these
      peptides was evident from experiments in which this arginine was substituted by
      either leucine or alanine, as well as from experiments in which its position in
      the myosin light chain sequence was varied. Positioning arginine 16 at residues
      14 or 17 abolished phosphorylation, while location at residue 15 not only
      decreased Vmax 14-fold but switched the major site of phosphorylation from Ser-19
      to Thr-18. It is concluded that the sequence Arg-X-Y-Ser(Thr) represents the
      minimum specificity determinant for the multifunctional calmodulin-dependent
      protein kinases. Studies with various synthetic peptide substrates and their
      analogs revealed that the specificity determinants of the multifunctional
      calmodulin-dependent protein kinase were distinct from several other "arginine
      requiring" protein kinases.

PMID- 4055785
TI  - Biochemical characterization of two nicotinic receptors from the optic lobe of
      the chick.
AB  - We have studied putative nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the optic lobe of
      the newborn chick, using 125I-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin, a specific blocker of
      acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular junction, and [3H]acetylcholine, a
      ligand which in the presence of atropine selectively labels binding sites of
      nicotinic character in rat brain cortex (Schwartz et al., 1982).
      [3H]Acetylcholine binds reversibly to a single class of high affinity binding
      sites (KD = 2.2 X 10(-8) M) which occur at a tissue concentration of 5.7 pmol/g.
      A large fraction (approximately 60%) of these binding sites is solubilized by
      Triton X-100, sodium cholate, or the zwitterionic detergent 3-[(3
      cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate. Solubilization increases the
      affinity for acetylcholine and several nicotinic drugs from 1.5- to 7-fold. The
      acetylcholine-binding macromolecule resembles the receptor for alpha-bungarotoxin
      present in the same tissue with respect to subcellular distribution, hydrodynamic
      properties, lectin binding, and agonist affinity rank order. It differs from the
      toxin receptor in affinity for nicotinic antagonists, sensitivity to thermal
      inactivation, and regional distribution. The solubilized [3H]acetylcholine
      binding activity is separated from the toxin receptor by incubation with agarose
      linked acetylcholine, by affinity chromatography on immobilized Naja naja
      siamensis alpha-toxin, and by precipitation with a monoclonal antibody to chick
      optic lobe toxin receptor.

PMID- 4055786
TI  - A protein of the Z class of liver cytosolic proteins in the rat that
      preferentially binds heme.
AB  - A low molecular weight protein purified from rat liver cytosol was observed to
      bind heme with an affinity higher than that for other organic anions.
      Purification was achieved by two procedures, one employing affinity
      chromatography on oleic acid-agarose, and the other using sequential ion-exchange
      and gel filtration chromatography after initial removal of aprotinin-sensitive
      proteases. Removal rather than inhibition of proteases improved the yield four
      times. Both procedures produced a stable protein. The purified protein binds heme
      with a higher affinity (Kd 0.15 microM) than any other organic anion tested
      including other (metallo)porphyrins, bilirubin, and oleic acid. Based on its
      molecular weight, amino acid composition, immunological properties, and the
      increase of its tissue levels in response to the administration of hypolipidemic
      agents, the protein was identified as being related to proteins of the Z class,
      whose members include fatty acid binding protein and sterol carrier protein. Like
      other Z proteins, our protein exhibits several forms on electrofocusing, but
      differs from fatty acid-binding protein and sterol carrier protein in that its
      major form exhibits a pI of 7.4. In view of its distinct isoelectric focusing
      pattern, its higher affinity for heme than for oleic acid, and its apparent
      inability to bind cholesterol and steroids, we cannot identify this protein as
      any of the above-mentioned proteins of the Z class. Consequently we have
      provisionally designated it heme-binding protein.

PMID- 4055787
TI  - Regulation of growth hormone mRNA synthesis by 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine in
      cultured growth hormone-producing rat pituitary tumor cells (GC cells).
      Dissociation between nuclear iodothyronine receptor concentration and growth
      hormone mRNA synthesis during the deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis phase of the
      cell cycle.
AB  - 3,5,3'-Triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) regulates the growth rate and GH production of
      cultured GC cells, a rat pituitary tumor cell line. We have previously
      demonstrated a parallel increase in cellular content of DNA and nuclear T3 and
      glucocorticoid receptors during the DNA synthesis (S) phase of the GC cell growth
      cycle. To determine the relationship between the increase in nuclear hormone
      receptors and GH production in S-phase cultures, we measured the synthesis rate
      of GH by pulse-labeling with [3H]leucine and immunoprecipitation as well as the
      relative concentration of GH mRNA by dot hybridization employing formaldehyde
      treated cytoplasm and GH cDNA. Total protein synthesis was similar in S-phase and
      asynchronous cultures. However, in comparison to asynchronous cultures, S-phase
      cells had an increased GH synthesis rate, p less than 0.005 (from 13,430 +/- 609
      to 19,150 +/- 1160 cpm/10(6) cells/2 h) and increased GH mRNA, p less than 0.001
      (from 7.2 +/- 1.2 to 14.5 +/- 1.5 relative A units). The S-phase-associated
      augmentation in GH production did not appear to result from a decrease in ADP
      ribosylation induced by 2 mM thymidine treatment which was utilized for the S
      phase synchronization. To determine whether increased GH mRNA and GH synthesis in
      S-phase was associated with an increase in synthesis of GH mRNA, we measured the
      incorporation of [3H]uridine into GH mRNA by incubating partially synchronized S
      phase cells with [3H]uridine and isolating 3H-labeled GH mRNA by hybridization to
      GH cDNA immobilized on nitrocellulose filters. Total RNA synthesis was similar in
      asynchronous, S-phase and G1 cell populations. However, the mean incorporation of
      [3H]uridine into GH mRNA of S-phase cultures was decreased to 52, 59, and 61%
      (counts/min of GH mRNA/10(6) cells), 49, 59, and 65% (ppm of total RNA), and 64
      and 69% (ppm of poly(A)+ RNA) of asynchronous cultures. Our studies show further
      that the decrease in [3H]uridine incorporation into GH mRNA did not result from a
      cell cycle specific change in efficiency of hybridization or exclusively to an S
      phase associated increased rate of degradation of GH mRNA. Thus, despite
      increased nuclear T3 and glucocorticoid receptors and, increased GH mRNA and GH
      synthesis, the synthesis rate of GH mRNA appears decreased in S-phase GC
      cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4055788
TI  - Glycosyl-sn-1,2-dimyristylphosphatidylinositol is covalently linked to
      Trypanosoma brucei variant surface glycoprotein.
AB  - The COOH terminus of the externally disposed variant surface glycoprotein (VSG)
      of the eukaryotic pathogenic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei strain 427 variant
      MITat 1.4 (117) is covalently linked to a novel phosphatidylinositol-containing
      glycolipid. This conclusion is supported by analysis of the products of nitrous
      acid deamination or Staphylococcus aureus phosphatidylinositol-specific
      phospholipase C treatment of purified membrane-form VSG. Lysis of trypanosomes is
      accompanied by release of soluble VSG, catalyzed by activation of an endogenous
      phospholipase C. The only apparent difference between membrane-form VSG and
      soluble VSG is the removal of sn-1,2-dimyristylglycerol. The COOH-terminal
      glycopeptide derived by Pronase digestion of soluble VSG was characterized by
      chemical modification and digestion with alkaline phosphatase. The results are
      consistent with the single non-N-acetylated glucosamine residue being the
      reducing terminus of the oligosaccharide and in a glycosidic linkage to a myo
      inositol monophosphate that is probably myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic monophosphate. A
      partial structure for the VSG COOH-terminal moiety is presented. This structure
      represents a new type of eukaryotic post-translational protein modification and
      membrane anchor. We discuss the relevance of this structure to observations that
      have been made with other eukaryotic membrane proteins.

PMID- 4055789
TI  - Proton NMR and fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry analysis of the melanoma
      associated ganglioside 9-O-acetyl-GD3.
AB  - A glycolipid antigen, detected by a monoclonal antibody (ME 311) obtained by
      immunizing mice with a human metastatic melanoma cell line (WM 46), was isolated
      and structurally characterized. Using immunostaining on thin-layer chromatograms
      for monitoring, 1.0 mg of a pure alkali-labile disialoganglioside was obtained
      from 23 g of packed melanoma cells (WM 164). Fractionation of the lipid extract
      was done on DEAE-Sepharose columns into total disialogangliosides which were
      repeatedly separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography. On mild alkaline
      treatment, the ganglioside was converted to a slower migrating species identical
      with a ganglioside GD3 isolated from the same source (Neu5Ac alpha 2----8Neu5Ac
      alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4Glc beta 1----1-cer-amide) and specifically detected
      by monoclonal antibody R24. Comparison of the two gangliosides by fast-atom
      bombardment mass spectrometry (revealing an acetyl group on the terminal sialic
      acid on the alkali-labile species) and by 1H NMR (indicating the position of the
      acetyl group) suggested the following structure: Neu5,9Ac2 alpha 2----8Neu5Ac
      alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4Glc beta 1----1-ceramide. This is identical with a
      ganglioside proposed earlier to exist in melanoma cells (Cheresh, D. A., Varki,
      A. P., Varki, N. M., Stallcup, W. B., Levine, J., and Reisfeld, R. A. (1984) J.
      Biol. Chem. 259, 7453-7459). Immunostaining with ME 311 antibody of cell extracts
      on thin-layer chromatography chromatograms revealed only this ganglioside in the
      melanoma cells, while normal human brain was negative. However, in one of the
      total ganglioside extracts tested for presence of binding with antibody ME 311,
      three gangliosides were found to bind. No evidence was obtained for the presence
      of the antigenic epitope in mucins or glycoproteins of the melanoma cells.

PMID- 4055790
TI  - Loci of catabolism of beta-very low density lipoprotein in vivo delineated with a
      residualizing label, 125I-dilactitol tyramine.
AB  - beta-Very low density lipoprotein (beta-VLDL) may be a major atherogenic
      lipoprotein, and knowledge of the sites of its catabolism should facilitate
      elucidation of mechanisms important in the regulation of its plasma
      concentrations. In this study, catabolic sites of beta-VLDL have been delineated
      in normolipidemic rabbits with a novel, radioiodinated, residualizing label, 125I
      dilactitol tyramine (125I-DLT). Comparative studies of beta-VLDL and low density
      lipoprotein catabolism were performed with 125I-DLT conjugated to each
      lipoprotein and with lipoproteins iodine-labeled conventionally. Conjugation did
      not alter size distributions or charge characteristics of lipoprotein particles.
      The overall processing (binding and degradation) of lipoproteins by cultured
      rabbit skin fibroblasts was not influenced by 125I-DLT derivatization, suggesting
      that attachment of the label did not influence cell receptor-lipoprotein
      interactions. Furthermore, although degradation products of 125I-lipoproteins
      leaked out of the cells and into the medium, the degradation products of 125I-DLT
      lipoproteins were retained by the cells. The principal catabolic site of beta
      VLDL in normolipidemic rabbits was found to be the liver with 54 +/- 4% of
      injected 125I retained in this organ 24 h after injection of 125I-DLT-beta-VLDL.
      When catabolism was normalized to tissue weight, the liver and adrenals were
      found to be approximately equally active in the metabolism of beta-VLDL. In
      agreement with results of other studies with residualizing labels, the principal
      organ of catabolism of 125I-DLT-LDL in vivo was the liver. The adrenals were the
      most highly catabolizing organ when results were normalized for tissue weight.
      The quantitative differences observed in the tissue distributions of injected
      125I-DLT-beta-VLDL and 125I-DLT-low density lipoprotein suggested that a
      significant proportion of beta-VLDL is removed by tissues before conversion to
      low density lipoprotein.

PMID- 4055792
TI  - The isozymes of glucose-phosphate isomerase (GPI-A2 and GPI-B2) from the teleost
      fish Fundulus heteroclitus (L.).
AB  - The fish, Fundulus heteroclitus (L.), like most advanced teleosts, possesses
      duplicate loci for the glycolytic enzyme, glucose-phosphate isomerase (D-glucose
      6-phosphate ketol-isomerase, EC 5.3.1.9). The locus for the GPI-A2 (where GPI
      represents glucose-phosphate isomerase) isozyme is preferentially expressed in
      anaerobic tissues such as white skeletal muscle, while GPI-B2 predominates in
      aerobic tissues like liver and red muscle. We questioned whether this tissue
      specificity would be reflected in unique structural and functional
      characteristics of the respective isozymes. Consequently, an analysis of the two
      isozymes was undertaken. The enzymes were purified by a combination of ion
      exchange chromatography and isoelectric focusing. Each isozyme was characterized
      as to native and subunit molecular weight, isoelectric pH, and susceptibility to
      thermal denaturation. Both were dimeric enzymes, with native molecular masses of
      110 kDa. The isoelectric pH values for GPI-A2 and GPI-B2 were 7.9 and 6.4,
      respectively. Differences were apparent in thermal stability, i.e. GPI-A2 was
      more stable than GPI-B2. Kinetic properties were investigated as a function of
      both pH and temperature. The Km values for fructose 6-phosphate (Fru-6-P)
      differed between the isozymes at low pH, but no significant differences were
      observed at higher pH. The inhibition constant (Ki) for 6-phosphogluconate (6-P
      gluconate) was pH dependent. GPI-A2 was slightly more sensitive to 6-P-gluconate
      inhibition than GPI-B2 between pH 7.0 and 8.5. The Km for Fru-6-P was temperature
      dependent for the GPI-B2 isozyme, but relatively temperature independent for GPI
      A2 between 10 and 35 degrees C. The Ki for 6-P-gluconate was temperature
      dependent for both isozymes. The Ki values for GPI-A2 were consistently lower
      than those for GPI-B2. Energies of activation differed between the two isozymes
      by 4.4 kcal with GPI-A2 having the lower value. While delta G values were
      identical for the isozymes, their delta H and delta S values differed
      significantly. The structural and kinetic differences that exist between the
      glucose-phosphate isomerase isozymes appear to be tailored to the unique
      metabolic demands of the tissues in which these Gpi loci are expressed.

PMID- 4055791
TI  - Identification of regulatory oxysterols, 24(S),25-epoxycholesterol and 25
      hydroxycholesterol, in cultured fibroblasts.
AB  - Biosynthetically tritiated sterols from Chinese hamster lung (Dede) cells were
      fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography, and fractions were
      assayed for their ability to repress 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in
      L cell cultures. Most of the activity found was associated with two oxysterols,
      24(S),25-epoxycholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol. The identities of the two
      sterols were established by co-chromatography with authentic samples and by
      isotopic dilution and recrystallization. Only low levels of repressor activity
      were found in other fractions of the sterol extract. The endogenous
      concentrations of 24(S),25-epoxycholesterol (7.2 fg/cell) and 25
      hydroxycholesterol (1.5 fg/cell) appear to be within the ranges required for the
      regulation of HMG-CoA reductase.

PMID- 4055793
TI  - Electrophoretic analysis of the estrogen receptor. Relationship of multiple
      receptor forms to the molybdate-stabilized form.
AB  - The origin of and relationships among multiple forms of the estrogen receptor
      from rat uteri were investigated using electrophoretic and conventional
      hydrodynamic methods of analysis. Evidence is presented that the molybdate
      stabilized, multimeric receptor (Stokes radius approximately 70A; S20,w
      approximately 9.5 S; Mr approximately 290,000) corresponds to an acidic form of
      the receptor that has relatively high electrophoretic mobility. This discrete
      form, which appears to represent the untransformed state that does not bind to
      DNA, was converted to a number of derived forms by exposure to conditions that
      result in receptor transformation and/or subunit dissociation. In crude cytosol,
      transformation always generated receptor forms that were excluded from
      polyacrylamide gels, and it was shown that these are large heterogeneous
      aggregates. This explains previous failed attempts to analyze the receptor by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Transformation of partially purified,
      molybdate-stabilized receptor never led to aggregate formation, but resulted
      instead in the generation of two relatively basic estrogen-binding species of low
      electrophoretic mobility. These components may represent the free or dissociated
      estrogen-binding subunits. Together, the results suggest a model for the
      molybdate-stabilized receptor wherein at least one of its components is an
      acidic, nonestrogen-binding subunit.

PMID- 4055794
TI  - Inactivation of monoamine oxidase by allylamine does not result in flavin
      attachment.
AB  - [1-3H]Allylamine was synthesized by sodium boro[3H]hydride reduction of acrolein
      followed by direct conversion of the [1-3H]allyl alcohol to N-allylphthalimide
      with triphenylphosphine, diethylazodicarboxylate, and phthalimide. The protecting
      group was removed with hydrazine. Inactivation of beef liver mitochondrial
      monoamine oxidase with [1-3H]allylamine led to incorporation of 1-6 eq of
      inactivator/active site depending upon the length of incubation time.
      Inactivation and radioactivity incorporation coincided; however, after 1 eq of
      tritium was incorporated and 5% enzyme activity remained, additional
      radioactivity continued to become incorporated into the enzyme. The optical
      spectrum of the FAD coenzyme changed during inactivation from that of oxidized to
      reduced flavin. Following dialysis of the inactivated enzyme, the spectrum
      remained reduced, but denaturation in urea rapidly resulted in reoxidation of the
      flavin. Under these same denaturing conditions, 96% of the radioactivity
      associated with the enzyme remained bound, therefore indicating that allylamine
      attachment is not to the flavin coenzyme but rather to an active site amino acid
      residue. The adduct also was stable to base and, to a lesser degree, acid
      treatment. Although allylamine and N-cyclopropylbenzylamine appear to be oxidized
      by monoamine oxidase to give 3-(amino acid residue) propanal adducts, two
      different amino acids seem to be involved because of a difference in stability of
      the adducts. The mechanisms for inactivation of monoamine oxidase by allylamine
      and reactivation by benzylamine are discussed in relation to previously reported
      results.

PMID- 4055795
TI  - The binding of folyl- and antifolylpolyglutamates to hemoglobin.
AB  - A binding method that detects only the strongest binding site for a ligand on a
      protein has been used to show that folates and folate analogs, conjugated with
      poly-gamma-glutamates, are bound to hemoglobin. When the concentration of
      hemoglobin is much larger than that of the polyglutamate, as is the case in the
      red cell, the fraction bound is a direct function of the hemoglobin concentration
      and is independent of the total polyglutamate concentration. Binding to
      deoxyhemoglobin tetramers is competitive with 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. In
      oxyhemoglobin the folyl and methotrexate polyglutamates are bound preferentially
      by free alpha beta dimers, but removal of the pteridine moiety leads to tetramer
      binding even in oxyhemoglobin. Changes in the length of the polyglutamate side
      chain and alterations of the pteridine structure such as reduction and/or
      methylation have a much larger effect on the constant for binding to
      deoxyhemoglobin tetramers than on that for oxyhemoglobin dimers. The implications
      of these results for the storage of pteroylpolyglutamates in the erythrocyte and
      their release from the red cell under the influence of the degree of oxygenation
      and variations in the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate level are discussed.

PMID- 4055796
TI  - Multiple requirements for glycogen synthesis by hepatocytes isolated from fasted
      rats.
AB  - Glycogen synthesis from various combinations of substrates by hepatocytes
      isolated from rats fasted 24 h was studied. As reported by Katz et al. (Katz, J.,
      Golden, S., and Wals, P. A. (1976) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 73, 3433
      3437), appreciable rates of glycogen synthesis occurred only in the presence of
      gluconeogenic precursors and one of several amino acids, which includes L
      glutamine. L-Leucine had negligible effects on glycogen synthesis from 20 mM
      dihydroxyacetone and/or 15 mM glucose when L-glutamine was not added to the
      medium. In the presence of 10 mM L-glutamine, L-leucine greatly increased
      glycogen synthesis from these substrates. alpha-Ketoisocaproate was ineffective,
      as was oleate. NH4Cl depressed glycogen synthesis from 10 mM glucose plus 20 mM
      dihydroxyacetone in the absence of added L-glutamine and enhanced that in its
      presence, but these effects were weak compared to those of L-leucine. The amino
      acid analogues L-norvaline and L-norleucine exerted effects that were similar to
      those exerted by L-leucine. Under all conditions studied, cycloheximide and
      puromycin inhibited net glycogen synthesis. Cycloheximide did not stimulate
      gluconeogenesis from dihydroxyacetone, or phosphorylase in hepatocytes from
      starved rats, or glycogenolysis in hepatocytes from fed rats. Puromycin, however,
      stimulated glycogenolysis in hepatocytes from fed rats. Glycogen synthesis from
      20 mM dihydroxyacetone proceeds with a pronounced initial lag phase that can be
      shortened by incubation of cells with glutamine plus leucine before addition of
      dihydroxyacetone. Concurrent measurements of glycogen synthesis, glycogen
      synthase, and gluconeogenesis under different conditions reveal that in addition
      to protein synthesis, activation of glycogen synthase, which must occur to allow
      glycogen synthesis in hepatocytes, requires a second component which can be
      satisfied by addition of dihydroxyacetone or fructose to the cells.

PMID- 4055797
TI  - Iron uptake in reticulocytes. Inhibition mediated by the ionophores monensin and
      nigerisin.
AB  - The lipophilic carboxylic ionophores monensin and nigerisin reversibly blocked
      iron uptake by erythroid cells. At low concentrations of ionophores (0.25-0.5
      microM), the disruption of the compartment in which iron is released affected
      minimally the release of iron from transferrin but effectively inhibited iron
      uptake. Iron released from transferrin was extruded from the cell synchronously
      with but not bound to transferrin. The compartment disrupted by the ionophores,
      and in which iron is released from transferrin, is apparently contiguous to the
      extracellular medium. Contiguity was assessed by determining the effect of
      extracellular Na+ and K+ on the activity of the ionophores. The above data fit a
      model of iron uptake in which iron is released from transferrin in an acidic
      compartment in immediate contiguity with the cell plasma membrane. Iron is then
      bound by its membrane acceptor and is translocated to the cytosolic side of the
      plasma membrane. At submicromolar concentrations, the ionophores monensin and
      nigerisin produce a small increase in the pH of the acidic compartment. The pH
      change, which is not sufficient to block the release of iron from transferrin, is
      enough to block the binding of released iron to its acceptor in the plasma
      membrane, thus producing inhibition of iron uptake.

PMID- 4055798
TI  - Acquisition of iron from transferrin regulates reticulocyte heme synthesis.
AB  - Fe-salicylaldehyde isonicotinoylhydrazone (SIH), which can donate iron to
      reticulocytes without transferrin as a mediator, has been utilized to test the
      hypothesis that the rate of iron uptake from transferrin limits the rate of heme
      synthesis in erythroid cells. Reticulocytes take up 59Fe from [59Fe]SIH and
      incorporate it into heme to a much greater extent than from saturating
      concentrations of [59Fe]transferrin. Also, Fe-SIH stimulates [2-14C]glycine into
      heme when compared to the incorporation observed with saturating levels of Fe
      transferrin. In addition, delta-aminolevulinic acid does not stimulate 59Fe
      incorporation into heme from either [59Fe]transferrin or [59Fe]SIH but does
      reverse the inhibition of 59Fe incorporation into heme caused by isoniazid, an
      inhibitor of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase. Taken together, these results
      suggest the hypothesis that some step(s) in the pathway of iron from
      extracellular transferrin to intracellular protoporphyrin limits the overall rate
      of heme synthesis in reticulocytes.

PMID- 4055799
TI  - Isolation and characterization of an anti-peptide monoclonal antibody to human
      erythropoietin.
AB  - A site-specific monoclonal antibody to human erythropoietin has been developed.
      It is secreted by a hybridoma cell line derived from the fusion of murine myeloma
      cells with the splenocytes of a mouse that had been immunized with a 26-residue
      synthetic peptide antigen homologous to the amino-terminal sequence of the
      hormone. The antibody binds specifically to peptide, 125I-erythropoietin, and
      biologically active erythropoietin. The equilibrium dissociation constants of the
      antibody-erythropoietin and the antibody-peptide interactions are identical, Kd =
      6.7 X 10(-9) M, suggesting strong conformational similarity or identity of the
      epitope as expressed on the peptide and the hormone. Immune complexes formed
      between the antibody and either human or rat erythropoietin exhibit full biologic
      activity. However, the antibody does not recognize the baboon, sheep, or canine
      hormones, indicating antigenic differences or structural variation among these
      erythropoietins. These results indicate that the amino-terminal region of
      erythropoietin is not involved in receptor binding. Furthermore, they form a
      basis for the study of the structure and function of the hormone using anti
      peptide antibodies.

PMID- 4055800
TI  - Oligosaccharide composition of an influenza virus hemagglutinin with host
      determined binding properties.
AB  - We have previously reported that the binding properties of the hemagglutinin (HA)
      of the WSN-F strain of influenza A are affected by the cells in which the virus
      is grown (Crecelius, D. M., Deom, C. M., and Schulze, I.T. (1984) Virology 139,
      164-177); at 37 degrees C chick embryo fibroblast-grown F virus has a greater
      affinity for host cells than does the same virus grown in Madin-Darby bovine
      kidney (MDBK) cells. In an attempt to explain this host-determined property, we
      have characterized the carbohydrate put onto the viral HA by these two cells.
      Experiments using tunicamycin indicate that the HA made by MDBK cells contains
      about 4000 daltons of carbohydrate in excess of that on the HA from chick embryo
      fibroblast. Serial lectin affinity chromatography of the asparagine-linked
      oligosaccharides on the HA subunits, HA1 and HA2, detected a number of host
      dependent differences in the complex oligosaccharides. Both HA1 and HA2 from MDBK
      cells contained more highly branched (i.e. tri- and tetraantennary) complex
      oligosaccharides than did the subunits from chick embryo fibroblasts. In
      addition, the HA subunits from the two sources differed in the amount of
      galactose-containing "bisected" complex oligosaccharides and in the presence of
      certain fucosylated triantennary oligosaccharides. Profiles of the asparagine
      linked oligosaccharides from the host cells did not show these differences,
      indicating that the HA subunit profiles were not necessarily representative of
      the structures found on the cellular glycoproteins. The data support the
      conclusion that bulky oligosaccharides on the MDBK-HA subunits of WSN-F reduce
      the affinity of the virus for cellular receptors.

PMID- 4055801
TI  - The architecture of complement component C9 and poly(C9).
AB  - The architecture of human complement component C9 and poly(C9) was investigated
      by transmission electron microscopy. Monomeric native C9 (Mr = 66,000) exhibits
      an ellipsoid appearance (70 X 50 A) with a crevice visible on one face. C9
      polymerizes spontaneously to form hollow tubular structures consisting of 12-16
      monomeric subunits. Poly(C9) is a cylinder (150 A-outer diameters and 90 A-inner
      diameter) rimmed by a torus (46-A thick) on one end. Electron micrographs of
      poly(C9) indicate that the torus is formed by radial strands of polypeptide. Each
      subunit of poly(C9) is apparently tilted relative to the central axis of the
      cylindrical structure. C9 can be cleaved by alpha-thrombin into two single-chain
      polypeptide fragments: C9a (Mr = 28,000) and C9b (Mr = 38,000), which are the
      amino- and carboxyl-terminal segments of the protein, respectively. The cleaved
      form of the protein, C9a,b, can be induced to polymerize under suitable
      conditions to form sodium dodecyl sulfate-resistant poly(C9), indicating that the
      resistance of poly(C9) to denaturation is a collective feature of both C9a and
      C9b. The C9a and C9b polypeptide regions have been mapped on poly(C9) by
      immunoelectron microscopy. Determinants for the C9a region were observed about
      the torus, base, and on the midsection of the poly(C9) cylinder. C9b epitopes are
      concentrated predominantly about the torus and base, but were rarely observed on
      the midsection of poly(C9). Thus, the C9a and C9b segments of the C9 polypeptide
      are not clearly segregated in poly(C9). The locations of oligosaccharide units on
      poly(C9) were visualized by electron microscopy after labeling of the complex
      with concanavalin A bound to colloidal gold. The oligosaccharide positions were
      found on the periphery of the torus and base. In summary, C9 appears to be a
      single-domain protein. Polymerization involves a major rearrangement. To form a
      subunit of poly(C9) the polypeptide chain must form at least one major fold
      parallel to the central axis of the tubule.

PMID- 4055802
TI  - Human erythrocyte clathrin and clathrin-uncoating protein.
AB  - Clathrin, a Mr = 72,000 clathrin-associated protein, and myosin were purified in
      milligram quantities from the same erythrocyte hemolysate fraction. Erythrocyte
      clathrin closely resembled brain clathrin in several respects: (a) both are
      triskelions as visualized by electron microscopy with arms 40 nm in length with
      globular ends and a flexible hinge region in the middle of each arm, and these
      triskelions assemble into polyhedral "cages" at appropriate pH and ionic
      strength; (b) both molecules contain heavy chains of Mr = 170,000 that are
      indistinguishable by two-dimensional maps of 125I-labeled peptides; and (c) both
      molecules contain light chains of Mr approximately 40,000 in a 1:1 molar ratio
      with the heavy chain. Erythrocyte clathrin is not identical to brain clathrin
      since antibody raised against the erythrocyte protein reacts better with
      erythrocyte clathrin than with brain clathrin and since brain clathrin contains
      two light chains resolved on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels while the light chain of
      erythrocyte clathrin migrates as a single band. The erythrocyte Mr = 72,000
      clathrin-associated protein is closely related to a protein in brain that
      mediates ATP-dependent disassembly of clathrin from coated vesicles and binds
      tightly to clathrin triskelions (Schlossman, D. M., Schmid, S. L., Braell, W. A.,
      and Rothman, J. E. (1984) J. Cell Biol. 99, 723-733). The erythrocyte and brain
      proteins have identical Mr on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels and identical maps of
      125I-labeled peptides, share antigenic sites, and bind tightly to ATP immobilized
      on agarose. Clathrin and the uncoating protein are not restricted to
      reticulocytes since equivalent amounts of these proteins are present in whole
      erythrocyte populations and reticulocyte-depleted erythrocytes. Clathrin is
      present at 6,000 triskelions/cells, while the uncoating protein is in substantial
      excess at 250,000 copies/cell.

PMID- 4055803
TI  - Lack of NH2-terminal processing of actin from Acanthamoeba castellanii.
AB  - Acanthamoeba actin is the only actin sequenced to date that has neither an NH2
      terminal Ac-Asp nor Ac-Glu residue. The protein begins with an Ac-Gly-Asp and is
      coded for by a gene that specifies a polypeptide beginning Met-Gly-Asp. Thus, the
      Acanthamoeba actin gene would appear to specify a class II actin with the usual
      NH2-terminal Cys replaced with a Gly. Previous studies (Rubenstein, P. A., and
      Martin, D. J. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 11354-11360) revealed that for class II
      actins the Met is probably removed early in translation and the Cys is removed
      post-translationally as an Ac-Cys residue. Two possibilities might explain why
      Acanthamoeba actin is not processed in a similar fashion. Either Ac-Gly is not a
      substrate for the enzyme or the enzyme is absent from the organism. To test these
      alternatives, Acanthamoeba actin was labeled in vivo with [35S]methionine and
      incubated with processing enzyme from rat liver, rabbit reticulocytes, and
      Dictyostelium. In no case did the processing reaction occur, indicating that Ac
      Gly is not recognized by the enzyme as a substrate. Furthermore, we could not
      reproducibly detect the presence of a processing enzyme in Acanthamoeba. We were,
      however, able to show the presence of such an enzyme in Dictyostelium, the first
      demonstration of this activity in a lower eukaryote.

PMID- 4055804
TI  - Phosphoproteins and protein kinases of the Golgi apparatus membrane.
AB  - Incubation of a highly purified fraction derived from rat liver Golgi apparatus
      with [gamma-32P]ATP results in phosphorylation of several endogenous
      phosphoproteins. One phosphoprotein with an apparent Mr of 48,300 is radiolabeled
      to an apparent extent at least 5-fold higher than any other phosphoprotein as
      part of either the Golgi apparatus or highly purified rat liver fractions derived
      from the rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, plasma membrane, coated
      vesicles, cytosol, and total homogenate. Approximately 70% of the 48.3-kDa
      phosphoprotein appears to be a specific extrinsic Golgi membrane protein with the
      phosphorylated amino acid being threonine. The protein kinase which
      phosphorylates the 48.3-kDa protein is an intrinsic Golgi membrane protein and is
      dependent on Mg2+, independent of Ca2+, calmodulin, and cAMP, and is inhibited by
      N-ethylmaleimide. Preliminary evidence suggests that there are also intrinsic
      membrane protein kinases in the Golgi apparatus which are dependent on Ca2+ and
      cAMP. The physiological role of the above phosphoproteins and protein kinases is
      not known.

PMID- 4055805
TI  - Rubella in teenagers: epidemiology and prophylaxis in Siena, Italy.
AB  - Six hundred and fifty-three teenagers (aged 11-13 year) living in Siena and its
      surroundings (Tuscany, Italy) were the sample for serological screening intended
      to ascertain immunity to rubella. It was found that 324 of the teenagers (49.62%)
      lacked antibodies and, hence, were unprotected against the infection. Out of the
      324 girls, 196 (around 3/5) were vaccinated using live vaccine. Post-vaccinal
      complications, with clinical signs of rubella infection, were recorded in almost
      one third of the vaccinees. Virus isolation from the blood was, in every case,
      not possible after either 10 or 30 days from vaccination. The serological
      findings, expressed in hemagglutination inhibition antibodies, could be
      summarized in the following way: (i) antibodies at low titre were found in only
      eight out of 184 girls (4.35%) ten days after vaccination; (ii) serological
      conversion was recorded in 187 out of 188 girls (99.47%) 30 days after
      vaccination; (iii) the titres were moderately high but much lower than those
      recorded for the natural infection. The results are discussed in the context of
      their implications for the strategies of rubella vaccination as far as the safety
      and the effectiveness of the vaccine are concerned, with emphasis on the duration
      of the protective immunity.

PMID- 4055806
TI  - A simple endpoint dilution method for evaluating serum used for cell culture.
AB  - A simple endpoint dilution method for evaluating foetal calf serum quality is
      described. The test uses a series of doubling dilutions of cells on microtitre
      trays with the test sera added to replicate dilution series. After five to six
      days of incubation the cells are stained with crystal violet and the end points
      read macroscopically. The cell growth-promoting property of serum may be
      expressed as a reciprocal of the cell dilution resulting in an approximately 50%
      coverage of cells.

PMID- 4055808
TI  - Acetone-treated pertussis vaccine--a potent and safer new pertussis vaccine.
AB  - A vaccine was prepared from the growth of Bordetella pertussis by repeated
      treatment with acetone. The vaccine has been designated as acetone-treated
      pertussis vaccine (ATPV). A total of ten batches of ATPV were prepared, five each
      from B. pertussis strains 134 and 509. These strains are routinely employed at
      this Institute for the production of conventional whole-cell pertussis vaccine
      (WCPV) for blending in diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine. The mouse protective
      and histamine sensitizing activities of ATPV and WCPV were compared. The ATPV
      showed 1.5- to 2-fold higher potency than the WCPV. The histamine sensitizing
      activity of ATPV was much reduced compared with that of the WCPV. No appreciable
      difference was observed in the results of a mouse weight-gain tests between the
      ATPV and WCPV. The details of the preparation of ATPV have been described.
      Because of higher potency and reduced histamine sensitizing activity, the ATPV
      may prove more acceptable in immunization programmes against pertussis, even in
      countries where WCPV is unpopular due to its suspected reactogenicity.

PMID- 4055807
TI  - A quantitative Western Blot method for protein measurement.
AB  - A radioimmunologic assay method for the quantitation of small amounts of protein
      in recombinant vaccines at the level of 20-150 ng is evaluated which uses the
      techniques of SDS-PAGE and electrophoretic protein transfer ("Western Blot').
      Known amounts of the protein being determined are included on the same gel as the
      unknown. After protein blotting, the nitrocellulose membrane is treated with
      antibody specific for the protein being determined and subsequently with [125I]
      Protein A. An autoradiogram is produced which corresponds directly to the
      nitrocellulose blot. It can, therefore, serve as a template to locate the labeled
      protein which is excised from the blot and measured in a gamma counter. The
      technique is found especially useful for evaluating cell lysates of recombinant
      bacteria and yeast for the percentage of the recombinant protein in the total
      protein mixture.

PMID- 4055809
TI  - A collaborative study to establish an International Standard Rabies
      immunoglobulin of human origin.
AB  - Because the supply of the International Standard for Anti-rabies Serum was very
      low, the WHO initiated a search for a replacement product. The US Food and Drug
      Administration agreed to undertake a collaborative study using a human rabies
      immunoglobulin previously purchased for use as a US standard. The potency of this
      product was determined, in International Units (IU) per millilitre using the
      rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test for measuring rabies antibody. The mean
      potency value was found to be 59 IU per ampoule. In June 1984 this preparation
      was accepted by WHO as the International Standard for Rabies Immunoglobulin.

PMID- 4055810
TI  - A rapid and sensitive method for the identity testing of adsorbed tetanus toxoid.

PMID- 4055811
TI  - Analytical stereophotogrammetric determination of three-dimensional knee-joint
      geometry.
AB  - An analytical stereophotogrammetric method is introduced to measure the three
      dimensional geometry of articular surfaces in vitro. Information of this kind is
      particularly useful for mathematical joint models and anthropological studies.
      The method requires no specific equipment, such as a stereocomparator, contrarily
      to other techniques reported (e.g. Ghosh, 1983) and is relatively simple and
      inexpensive. The background of the method is outlined in the present paper, and
      results of accuracy and precision tests are presented. It is shown that an
      accuracy on the order of 0.2 mm (95% confidence interval) is well feasible in
      actual knee-joint evaluations, if the measuring procedure is conducted carefully.
      The method is illustrated by measuring and comparing the articular surface
      geometries of a bilateral pair of knee joints.

PMID- 4055812
TI  - A biomechanical model of the lumbosacral joint during lifting activities.
AB  - A biomechanical model of the lumbosacral region was constructed for the purpose
      of systematically studying the combined stresses and strains on the local
      ligaments, muscles and disc tissue during sagittal plane two-handed lifting. The
      model was validated in two ways. The first validation was a comparison of
      experimental study results with model predictions. In general predictions
      compared very reasonably with observed values of several authors with the
      exception of strain predictions on the articular ligaments. Second, a sensitivity
      analysis was performed over a wide range of lifting tasks. The predicted
      stress/strain values followed anticipated patterns and were of reasonable
      magnitudes. On the basis of the results of the sensitivity analysis it was
      concluded that typical lifting tasks can lead to excessive disc compressive
      forces, muscle moment generation requirements, and possibly lumbodorsal fascia
      strains. Conversely, annulus rupture of a healthy disc due to overstrain appears
      very unlikely.

PMID- 4055813
TI  - The mechanical response of the active human triceps brachii muscle to very rapid
      stretch and shortening.
AB  - Very rapid, small amplitude, ramp-and-hold rotations were imposed on the braced
      forearms of three normal adult male subjects who were isometrically contracting
      their elbow extensors. By carefully accounting for inertial and viscoelastic
      coupling effects in the experimental system it was possible to compute the time
      course of the muscle-moment evoked by these mechanical perturbations. The muscle
      moment responses, and their dependence on rotation amplitude and direction, as
      well as tonic contraction level, are described. These responses are also compared
      to the predictions of a simple muscle model which we have proposed previously on
      the basis of frequency-response tests. The results indicate that: at a given
      tonic contraction level, triceps may be stiffer in an isometric state than in an
      oscillatory steady state, and high frequency fluctuations in the myoelectric
      activity are very ineffective in generating corresponding muscle-force
      fluctuations.

PMID- 4055814
TI  - Predicted pattern of human muscle activity during clenching derived from a
      computer assisted model: symmetric vertical bite forces.
AB  - A computer assisted three-dimensional model of the jaw, based on linear
      programming, is presented. The upper and lower attachments of the muscles of
      mastication have been measured on a single human skull and divided into thirteen
      independent units on each side--a total of 26 muscle elements. The direction (in
      three dimensions) and maximum forces that could be developed by each muscle
      element, the bite reaction and two joint reactions are included in the model. It
      is shown for symmetrical biting that a model which minimizes the sum of the
      muscle forces used to produce a given bite force activates muscles in a way which
      corresponds well with previous observations on human subjects. A model which
      minimizes the joint reactions behaves differently and is rejected. An analysis of
      the way the chosen model operates suggests that there are two types of jaw
      muscles, power muscles and control muscles. Power muscles (superficial masseter,
      medial pterygoid and some of temporalis) produce the bite force but tend to
      displace the condyle up or down the articular eminence. This displacement is
      prevented by control muscles (oblique temporalis and lateral pterygoid) which
      have very poor moment arms for generating usual bite forces, but are efficient
      for preventing condylar slide. The model incorporates the concept that muscles
      consist of elements which can contract independently. It predicts that those
      muscle elements with longer moment arms relative to the joint are the first to be
      activated and, as the bite force increases, a ripple of activity spreads into
      elements with shorter moment arms. In general, the model can be used to study the
      three-dimensional activity in any system of joints and muscles.

PMID- 4055815
TI  - The pressure dependent dynamic elasticity of 35 thoracic and 16 abdominal human
      aortas in vitro described by a five component model.
AB  - Segments of 35 thoracic and 16 abdominal human aortas, including nine pairs, aged
      30-78 yr at autopsy, were perfused with 37 degrees C Tyrode's solution at in situ
      length. Diameter changes due to 20 mmHg pressure steps between 20 and 180 mmHg
      were measured to 1 micron accuracy at an equivalent noise level of 0.1 micron
      RMS, using balanced transducers. Aortic creep curves at each pressure level were
      described individually by a constant plus bi-exponential creep model
      characterized by two creep fractions (alpha 1 and alpha 2) and two time constants
      (tau 1 and tau 2). Creep fractions and time constants increased substantially
      with the pressure level, indicating a significant effect of pressure or
      distension on aortic viscoelasticity. At 110 mmHg the mean +/- 1 S.D. parameter
      values were: thoracic aorta: alpha 1 = 0.076 +/- 0.017, alpha 2 = 0.102 +/-
      0.028, tau 1 = 0.73 +/- 0.29 s, tau 2 = 14.0 +/- 4.1 s; abdominal aorta: alpha 1
      = 0.078 +/- 0.017, alpha 2 = 0.101 +/- 0.025, tau 1 = 0.61 +/- 0.12 s, tau 2 =
      12.1 +/- 3.4 s. Nine paired comparisons at each pressure level showed that creep
      fractions and time constants of thoracic and abdominal segments were not
      significantly different (p = 0.05).

PMID- 4055816
TI  - Regression equations to predict segmental moments of inertia from anthropometric
      measurements: an extension of the data of Chandler et al. (1975).
AB  - A set of regression equations was developed to fully utilize the data of Chandler
      et al. (AMRL Technical Report 74-137, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, 1975) to
      estimate segmental moments of inertia in living subjects. Using anthropometric
      measurements as predictors, moments of inertia can be computed about both
      transverse and longitudinal axes passing through each segment's center of mass.
      Symmetry about segment long axes is assumed. Because of the small sample size
      upon which these equations are based, it is suggested that they be used
      cautiously, especially to avoid extrapolation to subjects having anthropometric
      measurements outside the range of sample values.

PMID- 4055817
TI  - A new method to measure foot contact.
AB  - A new method to measure foot contact is described. It consists of a pressure
      sensitive transducer attached to one end of a flexible silicone rubber tube. A
      reliable indicator of foot contact is obtained with the tube glued to the outer
      perimeter of the sole of a shoe.

PMID- 4055818
TI  - Evidence for vagal involvement in the electrophysiologic actions of exogenous
      adenosine and adenosine triphosphate in the canine heart.
AB  - A closed chest canine model was used to study the electrophysiologic effects of
      adenosine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on the sino-atrial (SA) and
      atrioventricular (AV) nodes. Exogenous adenosine and ATP, when rapidly
      administered into the right atrium, caused transient negative chronotropic and
      dromotropic effects on the SA and AV nodes, respectively. These effects reached a
      maxima in 10-15 sec and dissipated in less than 120 sec. The electrophysiologic
      effects of ATP were more pronounced than those of adenosine. Physostigmine
      enhanced the chronotropic effects of adenosine and ATP and the dromotropic
      effects of ATP. Atropine abolished the enhancement of the electrophysiologic
      effects of adenosine and ATP caused by physostigmine. In the pentobarbital
      anaesthetized dog, ATP triggers a vagal reflex which plays a major role in
      mediating its electrophysiologic effects. Vagal involvement in the
      electrophysiologic action of adenosine is more modest, but does not appear to be
      mediated via reflex mechanisms.

PMID- 4055819
TI  - Influence of adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists on ovulation in the rabbit
      ovary perfused in vitro.
AB  - Ovaries from sexually mature virgin rabbits were dissected free on both sides and
      cannulated in situ via that part of the aortic segment supplying the ovarian
      arteries. The ovaries were mounted in a closed, recirculating perfusion system
      for oxygenation in vitro. Ovulation was induced by human chorionic gonadotropin
      (hCG) given either i.v. (100 IU) or directly into the perfusion medium (20 IU).
      Follicular ruptures occurred in 42 out of a total of 54 ovaries. The in vivo
      route of hCG administration was found to be most efficient, with ovulations
      occurring after a mean of 11.5 h, which corresponds well with the incidence of
      ovulations in situ. The prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin, totally
      abolished the hCG-induced ovulations. beta-Adrenoreceptor stimulation in vitro
      with terbutaline or with noradrenaline in the presence of alpha-receptor blockade
      with phenoxybenzamine caused a significantly increased number of gonadotropin
      induced ovulations. Phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine given alone reduced the
      number of ruptured follicles. Noradrenaline (in the absence of hCG) and clonidine
      augmented the incidence of ovulation. The results indicate that local
      adrenoreceptor mechanisms participate in the process of ovulation, both via alpha
      adrenoreceptors (probably affecting the follicular smooth musculature) and beta
      adrenoreceptors (possibly through some trophic or endocrine mechanism other than
      a mechanical factor).

PMID- 4055820
TI  - The influence of diltiazem and nifedipine on the haemodynamic and tubular
      responses of the rat kidney to renal nerve stimulation.
AB  - An investigation was undertaken in the pentobarbitone anaesthetized rat to
      determine the influence of calcium entry blockade on the haemodynamic and tubular
      responses of the kidney to renal sympathetic nerve stimulation. Electrical
      activation of the nerves, at rates causing a 12% reduction in renal blood flow,
      did not change glomerular filtration rate but significantly reduced urine flow
      (32%) and absolute (34%) and fractional sodium excretion (33%). Intravenous
      administration of diltiazem (10 and 20 micrograms/kg/min) and nifedipine (1.0 and
      2.0 micrograms/kg/min) caused significant reductions of systemic blood pressure.
      Stimulation of the renal nerves, to reduce renal blood flow between 15% and 18%
      in the presence of both low and high doses of diltiazem, caused significant falls
      in glomerular filtration rate of 9% and 23%, respectively. During the low dose of
      nifedipine glomerular filtration rate did not change but in animals receiving the
      higher dose it fell by 17%. The magnitude of the neurally induced changes in
      urine flow, absolute and fractional sodium excretions were not different at
      either dose level of diltiazem or nifedipine from that observed in the absence of
      drugs. Stimulation of the renal nerves at low rates, which did not change renal
      blood flow, had no effect on glomerular filtration rate but significantly reduced
      urine flow (38%) and absolute (39%) and fractional sodium excretion (35%). At
      these low rates of nerve stimulation glomerular filtration rate remained
      unchanged during the infusion of either dose level of diltiazem. However, during
      administration of both the low and high doses of nifedipine there were
      significant reductions of glomerular filtration rate of 20% and 17%,
      respectively. The magnitude of the neurally induced changes in urine flow,
      absolute and fractional sodium excretions in the presence of both low and high
      doses of diltiazem and nifedipine were the same as those observed in the absence
      of drugs. The results of this study provide no evidence to indicate that the
      nerve mediated increases in tubular sodium reabsorption, a response involving
      alpha-adrenoreceptors, is dependent on the movement of calcium into the
      epithelial cells. The data did not indicate that blockade of calcium entry into
      cells impaired the ability of the kidney to regulate glomerular filtration rate
      which appeared to be due to a lack of renal efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction.

PMID- 4055821
TI  - Metallographic texture analysis of dental materials by polarizing microscopy in
      the incidental light.
AB  - Incidental polarized light microscopy can be used for the optical analysis of
      crystal phases with similar anisotropic behavior or preferred textures in
      polished sections. In this method, the vibration mode of the reflected light is
      determined by remarkable interference colors in the microscope using a
      compensator plate. The application of this method for the analysis of dental
      materials is demonstrated with amalgams and gold-reduced alloys. As a
      prerequisite, a modified procedure for preparing suitable polished sections of
      inhomogenous materials is described. Employing this optical and a
      crystallographic computing method, more detailed information about the way of
      element replacement in the course of the chemical reaction can be obtained. The
      results of these investigations also warrant the assumption that coherent crystal
      intergrowth which prefers low indicated and closely packed lattice directions,
      gives rise to a good adhesive strength of the bonding in the alloy.

PMID- 4055822
TI  - Roughness and thrombogenicity of the outer surfaces of intravascular catheters.
AB  - Thirty-seven types of catheters made from plastics including silicone rubber,
      polyvinylchloride, polyethylene, and polyurethane were tested for thrombogenesis
      in the cephalic vein of sheep. The range in the mass of thrombus on the catheters
      at autopsy 9 days after insertion was 20-fold. There was considerable variation
      when catheters made from the same types of plastic were compared, but
      polyethylene catheters tended to be more thrombogenic than other types. Scanning
      electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a variety of surfaces ranging from very smooth
      to very rough. Roughness was frequently associated with the presence of
      radioopaque particles which in several catheters were concentrated into radio
      opaque tracer strips. Within types of plastics, catheters with rougher surfaces
      were usually more thrombogenic than those with smooth surfaces.

PMID- 4055823
TI  - The structure of highly crosslinked poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels.
AB  - Films were prepared by reaction of HEMA monomer with the crosslinking agent
      ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) at crosslinking ratios, X, of 0.005, 0.01,
      0.0128, 0.025, and 0.050 mol EGDMA/mol HEMA in the presence of 40 wt.% water at
      60 degrees C for 12 h. These membranes were subsequently swollen in water at 37
      degrees C and their structure analyzed using a modified Gaussian distribution
      equation of equilibrium swelling. The calculated values of Mc varied between 800
      and 3700 daltons, which corresponded to a correlation length of the mesh size xi
      of 16.2 to 35.6 A. The structural analysis and diffusive studies of PHEMA
      membranes indicate that the recent determinations of Mc for PHEMA by Migliaresi
      et al. (C. Migliaresi, L. Nicodemo, L. Nicolais, and P. Passerini, "Physical
      characterization of PHEMA gels," J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 15, 307 (1981). and
      others are not accurate. The methods presented can also be used for analysis of
      any highly crosslinked polymer network produced by simultaneous polymerization
      and crosslinking reactions.

PMID- 4055824
TI  - The blood compatibility of chitosan and N-acylchitosans.
AB  - A segment of silk polyfilament suture [No. 2-0(USP)], ca. 10 cm long, was coated
      with a thin membrane (2-6 micron) of chitosan, N-acetylchitosan, or N
      hexanoylchitosan. The suture was directly inserted into the lumen of dog's
      peripheral veins. The in vivo blood compatibility of these membranes was
      macroscopically determined from the blood coagulum formed on the membrane surface
      at 2 h. An intense thick blood coagulum formed on the chitosan membrane surface
      and a thin blood coagulum formed on N-acetylchitosan membrane surface, but no
      blood coagulum formed on N-hexanoylchitosan membrane surface.

PMID- 4055827
TI  - Polymers for the controlled release of macromolecules: effect of molecular weight
      of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
AB  - Matrices composed of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVAc) have been used for
      controlled delivery of macromolecular bioactive agents. Three EVAc samples of
      different molecular weight (MW) were selected from solution fractionated samples.
      The polymer MW is a sensitive factor in affecting the release rate of bovine
      serum albumin (BSA); the higher the MW of EVAc, the slower the release rate.
      Depending on the degree of hydrophilicity of the device, the relatively
      hydrophilic drug particles would cause various degrees of swelling pressure upon
      water uptake. The relatively hydrophobic EVAc carrier would impose different
      degrees of restrictive force as determined by polymer MW. The interaction between
      the restrictive force of the carrier and the swelling pressure of the drug
      particles is a key factor in affecting the drug release kinetics. As a result,
      the selection of the polymer carrier can be used to affect the kinetics of a
      controlled release device.

PMID- 4055825
TI  - Heparinized polyurethanes: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AB  - Heparin immobilization chemistry using alkyl spacer arms was adapted to optimize
      yield on polyurethane (PU) surfaces. The resultant biological activity of
      immobilized heparin (HI) was examined in vitro and in vivo, and compared with a
      heparin releasing (HR) system. Immobilized heparin retained its ability to bind
      and inactivate thrombin and Factor Xa; nonspecific coagulation factor binding was
      insignificant. Such activity cannot be attributed to the leakage of improperly
      bound heparin. Immobilized heparin-polyurethane catheters implanted in canine
      femoral and jugular veins for 1 h periods exhibited significant reduction in
      thrombus formation compared with untreated PU contralateral controls.
      Polyurethane catheters coated with a 9% heparin dispersion in PU (HR) system
      provided even greater improvement in antithrombogenicity.

PMID- 4055826
TI  - The intracellular degradation of poly(epsilon-caprolactone).
AB  - Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) [PEC], a biodegradable aliphatic polyester, undergoes
      a two-stage degradation process: The first lengthy phase involves nonenzymatic
      hydrolytic cleavage of ester groups, the second phase beginning when the polymer
      is more highly crystalline, and of low molecular weight. The cellular events of
      the second phase were examined by implanting gelatin capsules containing 25 mg of
      low molecular weight (Mn 3000) PEC powders, 106 to 500 micron, in rats. PEC
      fragments ultimately were degraded in phagosomes of macrophages and giant cells,
      the process requiring less than 13 days for completion at some sites. PEC was
      also identified within fibroblasts. These studies support the intracellular
      degradation of PEC as the principal pathway of degradation once the molecular
      weight of the aged polymer is reduced to 3000 or less.

PMID- 4055828
TI  - Intelligence test performance in obesity in relation to educational attainment
      and parental social class.

PMID- 4055829
TI  - Canonical correlation analysis of assortative mating in two groups of Brazilians.

PMID- 4055830
TI  - A genetic isolate in the French Pyrenees: probabilities of origin of genes and
      inbreeding.

PMID- 4055831
TI  - Divorce, widowhood, remarriage and geographic mobility among women.

PMID- 4055832
TI  - Is there a connection between a woman's fecundity and that of her mother?

PMID- 4055833
TI  - Marriage pattern of the Korean population in Japan.

PMID- 4055835
TI  - Determinants of breast-feeding and post-partum sexual abstinence: analysis of a
      sample of Yoruba women, western Nigeria.

PMID- 4055834
TI  - Son preference and its effects on Korean lactation practices.

PMID- 4055836
TI  - Married women and contraceptive sterilization: factors that contribute to pre
      surgical ambivalence.

PMID- 4055837
TI  - Factors affecting infant and child mortality.

PMID- 4055838
TI  - Nutritional status and age at secondary sterility in rural Bangladesh.

PMID- 4055839
TI  - A comparison of different methods used to diagnose pseudarthrosis following
      posterior spinal fusion for scoliosis.
AB  - Pseudarthrosis is a recognized complication of posterior spinal fusion for
      scoliosis, and its early recognition and repair may prevent loss of correction,
      failure of the instrumentation, or pain. In this study of 200 fusions for
      scoliosis, we compared the reliability of different methods that are currently
      used to determine the presence or absence of a pseudarthrosis. Anteroposterior
      tomography was found to have the highest rate of correlation (96 per cent), as
      there was only one false-negative study. Other methods of diagnosis--including
      anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique radiographs and clinical findings such as
      loss of correction and back pain--were less accurate.

PMID- 4055840
TI  - Correction of post-traumatic flexion contracture of the elbow by anterior
      capsulotomy.
AB  - Despite prolonged conservative therapy, including splinting, bracing, and
      supervised exercise programs, significant flexion contracture of the elbow after
      local trauma may remain both a functional and a cosmetic impairment. We studied
      the cases of fifteen patients who underwent a relatively limited surgical
      procedure consisting of anterior capsulotomy of the elbow without tenotomy of the
      biceps tendon or myotomy of the brachialis muscle. The mean preoperative flexion
      deformity of 48 degrees was reduced to a mean postoperative deformity of 19
      degrees (a 61 per cent improvement). Two groups of patients were identified.
      Eleven patients who did not have significant preoperative evidence of intra
      articular degenerative (post-traumatic) changes in the joint achieved a 65 per
      cent improvement in extension, with one patient having continued pain with
      vigorous activity. Four patients who had significant preoperative post-traumatic
      arthrosis achieved a 50 per cent improvement in extension; however, three of
      these four patients continued to have significant pain. Limited anterior
      capsulotomy is a safe and effective means of decreasing post-traumatic flexion
      contracture of the elbow in properly selected patients. Better overall results
      are obtained in elbows without significant post-traumatic arthrosis.

PMID- 4055841
TI  - Unicompartmental and bicompartmental arthroplasty of the knee with a finned metal
      tibial-plateau implant.
AB  - We followed a series of ten patients (ten knees) who had a unicompartmental and
      twenty patients (twenty-two knees) who had a bicompartmental arthroplasty of the
      knee, in which a finned metal tibial-plateau implant had been used, for two to
      fourteen years (average, five years) postoperatively. According to the modified
      criteria of MacIntosh and Hunter, thirty knees (94 per cent) had a good result
      and two (6 per cent), a fair result. There were two complications: one
      intraoperative and one postoperative fracture of the tibial plateau. One patient
      with rheumatoid arthritis required a revision to a total knee arthroplasty at six
      months because of rapid progression of disease in the contralateral, untreated
      compartment. Our results suggest that with the proper indications this
      arthroplasty has a place in reconstructive surgery of the arthritic knee joint.

PMID- 4055842
TI  - Anterior cruciate reconstruction using the MacIntosh lateral-substitution over
      the-top repair.
AB  - We reviewed the results of a MacIntosh lateral-substitution over-the-top repair
      for chronic anterior cruciate-ligament insufficiency in thirty-four patients.
      This technique is a combined intra-articular and extra-articular repair using a
      strip of the tensor fasciae latae that is based at Gerdy's tubercle. We describe
      the operative procedure in detail. The patients were evaluated for both
      subjective and objective improvement. The average length of follow-up was thirty
      seven months (range, twenty-four to fifty-nine months). Thirty-one patients (91
      per cent) had a good or excellent result and in three patients (9 per cent) the
      result was rated as a failure. Ninety-seven per cent returned to their
      preoperative level of activity. There were no significant complications. We
      recommend this repair as a sound and effective method of treating chronic
      anterior cruciate-ligament insufficiency in the young to middle-aged symptomatic
      patient.

PMID- 4055843
TI  - A relationship between gait and clinical changes following high tibial osteotomy.
AB  - We studied the cases of twenty-one patients with high tibial osteotomy in order
      to determine the relationship between knee-joint loading during gait and clinical
      outcome. The patients were tested before surgery, one year after surgery, and
      again at an average of 3.2 years after surgery. An age-matched group of fifteen
      control subjects was also studied. The results of this study indicate that
      certain characteristics of preoperative walking are associated with postoperative
      clinical results. In particular, the moment tending to adduct the knee joint
      during walking preoperatively was predictive of postoperative clinical results.
      The patients were classified into a high adduction-moment group and a low
      adduction-moment group according to the magnitude of the knee-adduction moment.
      The adduction moment was reduced in both groups after high tibial osteotomy.
      However, the average postoperative adduction moments in the low adduction-moment
      group were still significantly lower than those in the high adduction-moment
      group. The two groups were indistinguishable on the basis of preoperative knee
      score, initial varus deformity, immediate postoperative correction, age, and
      weight. However, at an average 3.2-year follow-up, patients with low preoperative
      adduction moments had substantially better clinical results than did patients
      with high adduction moments. The low adduction-moment group had 100 per cent
      excellent or good clinical results, while only 50 per cent of the patients in the
      high adduction-moment group had an excellent or good result. Furthermore, there
      was a significant recurrence of varus deformity in the patients in the high
      adduction-moment group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4055844
TI  - Early diagnosis of scoliosis based on school-screening.
AB  - A total of 8165 schoolchildren were screened for scoliosis by two teams of
      orthopaedic surgeons using the same procedures and criteria. Of 790 children who
      had positive physical signs, 689 were examined roentgenographically. Using 5 and
      10 degrees as cut-off points, the prevalence of scoliosis was 6.58 and 2.4 per
      cent, respectively. A follow-up study of children who had been reported to have
      scoliosis at the age of eleven months showed that only half of them actually had
      scoliosis.

PMID- 4055845
TI  - Prediction of vertebral body compressive fracture using quantitative computed
      tomography.
AB  - We performed quantitative computed tomography in vitro on the first and third
      lumbar vertebrae in human cadavera using a dibasic potassium phosphate phantom
      for calibration. The quantitative computed-tomography numbers exhibited a
      significant positive correlation (R2 = 0.89, p less than 0.0001) with direct
      measurements of the apparent density of the vertebral trabecular bone. We also
      conducted uniaxial compression tests to failure of the vertebral bodies after
      removal of the posterior elements, and found that vertebral compressive strength
      was also correlated at a high level of significance (R2 = 0.82, p less than
      0.0001) with direct measurement of the trabecular apparent density. These
      findings suggested the possibility that the quantitative computed-tomography
      values might be directly predictive of vertebral compressive strength. However,
      when we correlated the quantitative computed-tomography values directly with
      vertebral compressive strength, the results (R2 = 0.46, p less than 0.061) were
      suggestive but not quite significant. All vertebral bodies failed by compression
      of the end-plate, suggesting only a modest structural role for the cortical shell
      under these loading conditions. This was confirmed by comparing the compressive
      load to failure of twenty additional pairs of vertebrae that were tested with and
      without an intact vertebral cortex. Removal of the cortex was associated with
      approximately 10 per cent reduction in vertebral load to failure.

PMID- 4055846
TI  - Chondrosarcoma in Maffucci's syndrome.
AB  - Nine patients with Maffucci's syndrome were seen at our institution;
      chondrosarcoma developed in five. On the basis of the cases of these patients and
      those reported in the English literature since 1973, we determined that the
      incidence of chondrosarcoma in patients with Maffucci's syndrome is 17.8 per
      cent.

PMID- 4055847
TI  - Obturator-nerve palsy resulting from intrapelvic extrusion of cement during total
      hip replacement. Report of four cases.
AB  - Obturator neuropathy is an infrequently identified complication of total hip
      replacement that may cause debilitating pain. There have been isolated reports of
      this complication in the literature, but only one case has been published in
      which intrapelvic cement was the causative agent. We are describing the cases of
      four patients with obturator neuropathy after total hip replacement, documented
      by electromyography and attributed to intrapelvic extension of cement. In each
      patient the source of the symptoms was not initially apparent. In three of the
      patients the extruded cement and obturator nerve were explored surgically. One of
      the three patients was improved by obturator neurectomy. Of the other two
      patients, both treated by excision of cement, only one was improved. The fourth
      patient was not treated. Persistent pain in the groin and thigh, intrapelvic
      cement visible on plain roentgenograms, and adductor weakness after total hip
      replacement suggest that this complication has occurred. Electromyography can
      confirm the presence of obturator neuropathy. Based on this limited series,
      excision of the extruded cement and preservation of the nerve should be attempted
      only when the nerve is grossly normal and functional as determined by electrical
      stimulation at the time of surgical exploration; otherwise, obturator neurectomy
      should be considered.

PMID- 4055848
TI  - Femoral varus-derotation osteotomy in spastic cerebral palsy.
AB  - Twenty children (twenty hips) with spastic cerebral palsy underwent femoral varus
      derotation osteotomy for which the principal indication was inadequate coverage
      of the femoral head. Other infrequent indications included pain, valgus
      angulation of the femoral neck, and dislocation of the hip. The age at surgery
      ranged from four to fifteen years. Each child had muscle releases before the
      osteotomy was done. At follow-up, at least seven years later, the femoral head in
      twenty hips was well centered. Four hips remained subluxated but were less
      subluxated than before the osteotomy. One hip remained dislocated. The center
      edge angle averaged -8 degrees preoperatively and +17 degrees at follow-up. The
      neck-shaft angle averaged 155 degrees preoperatively, 114 degrees immediately
      post-operatively, and 125 degrees at follow-up. Femoral varus-derotation
      osteotomy, when combined with muscle releases, can allow children with spastic
      cerebral palsy to maintain their ambulatory status and may decrease pain about
      the hip.

PMID- 4055849
TI  - Energy cost of paraplegic locomotion.
AB  - We measured the physiological energy expenditure that was associated with several
      modes of mobility in 151 individuals with paraplegia that resulted from spinal
      cord injury. The relationship of the neurological level of the spinal lesion,
      extent of paralysis, orthotic requirement, and type of gait pattern was
      evaluated. The patients who required a bilateral knee-ankle-foot orthosis in
      order to walk with a swing-through crutch-assisted gait had an average rate of
      oxygen consumption that was 43 per cent greater than that of the patients who
      used a wheelchair and 38 per cent greater than was required for normal walking.
      Their average walking speed was slow in comparison with wheelchair propulsion or
      normal walking. Furthermore, the paraplegics in whom the hip flexor and knee
      extensor muscles were intact bilaterally and who were able to walk with a
      reciprocal crutch-assisted gait, but did not require knee-ankle-foot orthoses,
      did no better. They had a rate of oxygen consumption that was 20 per cent greater
      than that required for wheelchair use and 15 per cent greater than that required
      for normal walking. In addition, their mean walking speed was the slowest of all
      of the groups. These findings account for the common clinical experience that
      most paraplegics who require a knee-foot-ankle orthosis bilaterally and use a
      swing-through crutch-assisted gait prefer to use a wheelchair, and discontinue
      walking as the primary means of mobilization after gait-training.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4055850
TI  - Time-related improvement in the range of motion of the hip after total
      replacement.
AB  - We studied the progression of improvement in the range of motion of the hip after
      total hip replacement as it was related to time postoperatively. One hundred and
      eight hip replacements performed by members of the Stanford University Division
      of Orthopaedic Surgery in ninety-two patients were included in the analysis. The
      hips had no major postoperative complications, and the range of motion was
      examined preoperatively; at six months, one year, and two years, postoperatively;
      and at a last follow-up examination at a minimum of 4.5 years. There was no
      statistically significant improvement in the flexion and abduction of the hip
      after the one-year follow-up visit, but adduction and internal and external
      rotation were improved significantly at the last follow-up (average, 7.5 years).
      Of multiple variables that were studied, including those related to the patient,
      to the size and design of the prosthesis, and to the orientation of the total hip
      components, only the preoperative range of motion of the hip and a history of
      previous surgical treatment were major determining factors in the postoperative
      improvement of the range of motion.

PMID- 4055851
TI  - Femoral neck fractures in skeletally mature patients, fifty years old or less.
AB  - We studied the cases of thirty-two skeletally mature patients, fifty years old or
      less, who had a fracture of the femoral neck. In all patients with a stage-1 or 2
      fracture, the fracture healed without osteonecrosis. Among the stage-3 and 4
      fractures, the rate of non-union was 5.5 per cent and that of osteonecrosis, 33
      per cent (3 and 18.8 per cent, respectively, for the whole group). Three patients
      with osteonecrosis required revision to arthroplasty at six, sixty-eight, and
      ninety-nine months. Three others had good function of the hip at forty-eight,
      ninety-six, and 129 months despite the development of osteonecrosis. Treatment of
      these fractures yielded very good results over-all, and even the occurrence of
      osteonecrosis did not necessarily cause an unsatisfactory result.

PMID- 4055852
TI  - Iliofemoral thrombosis following Harrington spinal instrumentation. Report of a
      case.

PMID- 4055853
TI  - Extraforaminal disc herniation simulating a retroperitoneal neoplasm. Case
      report.

PMID- 4055854
TI  - Acute posterior compartment syndrome in the thigh. A case report.

PMID- 4055855
TI  - Psoas abscess mimicking a septic hip. Diagnosis by computed tomography.

PMID- 4055856
TI  - The randomized clinical trial in orthopaedics: obligation or option?
AB  - The classic randomized clinical trial is difficult to apply to the evaluation of
      surgical procedures. After reviewing the structure and rationale of cohort
      studies and randomized clinical trials, four types of bias in randomized clinical
      trials that present difficulties in clinical studies are identified. Other
      problems that may limit the willingness of orthopaedic surgeons to conduct
      randomized clinical trials relate to the surgical procedure itself, the outcome
      of the trial of interest, surgical philosophy, and the ethical implications for a
      surgeon of a randomized clinical trial. A recently proposed variation of the
      classic randomized clinical-trial model, the randomized-surgeon design, appears
      to solve some of these problems.

PMID- 4055857
TI  - Methodological guidelines for clinical trials evaluating new therapeutic
      approaches in bone and joint surgery.

PMID- 4055858
TI  - Leaders and leadership: tomorrow's American Orthopaedic Association.

PMID- 4055859
TI  - The effect of age on bone composition and viability in the femoral head.

PMID- 4055860
TI  - Treatment of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures.

PMID- 4055861
TI  - Possible congenital osteoid-osteoma of a phalanx.

PMID- 4055862
TI  - Can the ankle joint be replaced?

PMID- 4055863
TI  - The assessment of lung function in children with scoliosis.
AB  - Abnormalities of lung function in 92 children with idiopathic or congenital
      scoliosis are described. The changes are restrictive in type with reduction in
      vital capacity and total lung capacity but normal residual volume. In children
      whose curves had an early onset, the amount by which vital capacity was reduced
      depended on the severity of the deformity; in those whose curves began in
      adolescence this severity had little or no effect on vital capacity. Most
      adolescents with idiopathic curves had normal or near normal lung volumes and
      measurement of vital capacity proved to be a reliable screening test. We
      therefore advocate a simple approach to the pre-operative pulmonary investigation
      of scoliotic patients; only a few require full spirometry.

PMID- 4055864
TI  - The role of the coracoid process in the chronic impingement syndrome.
AB  - Symptomatic impingement of the rotator cuff between the humeral head and the
      coracoid process has been studied and three varieties recognised: idiopathic,
      iatrogenic and traumatic. In all three the clinical findings consisted of pain in
      front of the shoulder, referred to the upper arm and forearm, and especially felt
      during forward flexion and medial rotation; the pain could be reproduced by
      medial rotation with the arm in 90 degrees of abduction, or by adduction with the
      shoulder flexed to 90 degrees. Patients were relieved of their symptoms by
      restoring adequate subcoracoid clearance.

PMID- 4055865
TI  - Failed anterior reconstruction for shoulder instability.
AB  - We report a retrospective study of 46 patients with continuing difficulties after
      anterior reconstruction of a shoulder for instability. In 31 patients instability
      was still present; in 12 of these, posterior or multidirectional instability had
      not been recognised and a further 11 had an uncorrected anatomical defect. In 20
      patients with significant pain there was often more than one cause: impingement
      syndrome was seen in nine, osteoarthritis in seven, implant irritation in four
      and instability alone in two. A disabling medial rotation contracture was seen in
      10 patients, four of whom had painful osteoarthritis. We conclude that recurrence
      of symptoms may imply that the direction of the instability was not recognised,
      that an anterior repair should not be too tight, and that pain after successful
      stabilisation is often due to impingement.

PMID- 4055866
TI  - Delayed union of humeral shaft fractures treated by closed flexible
      intramedullary nailing.
AB  - Ten patients with humeral shaft fractures and no clinical or radiographic signs
      of healing after at least six weeks' immobilisation were treated by flexible
      intramedullary nailing using a closed retrograde technique. Bone grafting was not
      performed, and active movement was encouraged after operation. Nine fractures
      healed; the mean time to union was 10.5 weeks (range 6 to 22 weeks). One patient
      needed compression plating and bone grafting at 22 weeks, and another required re
      operation for distal migration of the rods. There were no infections, nerve
      palsies or other complications. Stiffness of the shoulder which had developed
      during early treatment improved after operation.

PMID- 4055867
TI  - The role of atmospheric pressure in stabilising the shoulder. An experimental
      study.
AB  - The role of atmospheric pressure in providing static stability of the shoulder
      was studied experimentally in 24 cadaveric shoulders. Atmospheric air was allowed
      to enter the joint after puncturing the capsule. Three types of experiment were
      performed: in the first, the capsule was punctured after sequential division of
      the muscles; in the second, atmospheric air was let in by percutaneous puncture
      of of the capsule without dividing the muscles; and in the third, air was first
      let into the joint by percutaneous puncture of the capsule and then the muscles
      of the shoulder were divided. It was found that the intact shoulder subluxated
      after percutaneous puncture even without division of the overlying muscles or the
      capsule. Our findings suggest that negative pressure and muscle tone are the main
      static stabilisers of the shoulder, rather than the joint capsule.

PMID- 4055868
TI  - Non-union of a fractured coracoid process after dislocation of the shoulder. A
      case report.
AB  - A patient with a fractured coracoid process in association with a dislocation of
      the shoulder is reported. The fracture was not recognised initially, and early
      mobilisation was encouraged; the widely separated fracture did not heal and a
      painful pseudarthrosis developed. We believe that this association may not be as
      rare as generally supposed, and emphasise the importance of careful clinical
      examination in patients with shoulder dislocation. If a coracoid fracture is
      suspected, lateral or oblique radiographs should be taken to confirm the
      diagnosis. A further radiograph after reduction is a useful precaution.

PMID- 4055869
TI  - Monteggia fracture-dislocations in children.
AB  - Thirty-three Monteggia fracture-dislocations occurring in patients aged 2 to 15
      years were reviewed. A follow-up of 2 to 7 years in 25 patients revealed that 88%
      had good to excellent results and 12% had results which were fair or poor. Closed
      reduction was successful in 24 of 28 cases and appeared to be very effective.
      Open reduction was required only for older children or when treatment was begun
      late. A mild hyperextension deformity at the elbow noted on follow-up of patients
      with anterior dislocation of the radial head seemed to support the theory that
      the injury is caused by hyperextension. A new classification of Monteggia
      fracture-dislocations in children is proposed.

PMID- 4055870
TI  - Monteggia injuries in children.
AB  - Forty-six children with Monteggia fracture-dislocations have been studied. The
      circumstances of the accident could rarely be recalled so that the mechanism of
      injury remains unclear. The study did, however, confirm the importance of
      conservative management of the injury in children; unlike the adult variety, this
      gave very satisfactory results. Our review also supports the classification into
      three basic types of Monteggia lesion according to the direction of displacement
      of the dislocated radial head. For simplicity, all other types, variations or
      equivalents can be regarded as belonging to these basic patterns; in particular
      we include those controversial cases in which the radiohumeral dislocation is
      combined with a fractured olecranon.

PMID- 4055871
TI  - Stress fractures in military recruits. A prospective study showing an unusually
      high incidence.
AB  - In a prospective study of 295 male Israeli military recruits a 31% incidence of
      stress fractures was found. Eighty per cent of the fractures were in the tibial
      or femoral shaft, while only 8% occurred in the tarsus and metatarsus. Sixty-nine
      per cent of the femoral stress fractures were asymptomatic, but only 8% of those
      in the tibia. Even asymptomatic stress fractures do, however, need to be treated.
      Possible explanations for the unusually high incidence of stress fractures in
      this study are discussed.

PMID- 4055872
TI  - Reattachment of the greater trochanter after hip replacement.
AB  - A method of performing a biplanar intracapsular trochanteric osteotomy with a
      Gigli saw was designed and tested prospectively in 431 cases of Charnley low
      friction arthroplasty. Three methods of trochanteric reattachment were tested,
      and a double cross-over wire with a compression spring was best; this method was
      successful in 222 out of 226 patients (98.2%), of which half were revision
      operations. Adduction seemed to be the main movement leading to trochanteric
      detachment.

PMID- 4055873
TI  - The significance of the Trendelenburg test.
AB  - Trendelenburg's test of function of the hip joint was first reported before
      radiology was available. At least four methods of performing it have since been
      described in the literature. We examined 50 normal subjects and 103 people with
      disorders affecting either the spine or the hip, in order to determine the
      different responses that occurred when they were asked to stand on one leg. This
      has enabled us to define a standard method of performing the Trendelenburg test,
      and to interpret the test as a method of assessing hip abductor function. The
      major pitfalls that result in misinterpretation, or false-positive responses, are
      pain, lack of cooperation from the patient, and impingement between the rib cage
      and the iliac crest. False-negative responses result from the patient using
      muscles above and below the pelvis, and from leaning beyond the hip on the
      standing side.

PMID- 4055874
TI  - Bony ankylosis of the elbow after burns.
AB  - Ten patients with 13 ankylosed elbows after burns are described. Six elbows,
      fixed in nearly full extension, had almost total functional disability; the other
      seven had varying amounts of deformity. In five of the 13 elbows there was a
      continuous bony mass with loss of the joint space; these were treated by a
      modified excision arthroplasty which restored good movement and useful function,
      though there was some lateral laxity. Six elbows had a posterior bony block; this
      was excised, which restored a useful arc of movement. The literature on bony
      ankylosis after burns is reviewed and the management of these cases in a
      developing country is described.

PMID- 4055875
TI  - Hinged cast and roller traction for fractured femur. A system of treatment for
      the Third World.
AB  - Hinged casts and roller traction were used in two developing countries to treat
      fractured femora, most of which were due to road traffic accidents or civil
      violence. This method of treatment, developed by Neufeld, is particularly useful
      in the Third World because it uses local materials, adapted in a hospital
      workshop, and circumvents the difficulties and complications of standard traction
      and of operative treatment. The results are reported from 11 patients treated in
      Uganda in 1979 and from 110 treated in the Dominican Republic in 1981 and 1982.
      All but one fracture united without complication or significant shortening after
      a brief period in hospital. The method was easily taught to hospital staff and is
      strongly recommended.

PMID- 4055876
TI  - Direction and rate of socket wear in Charnley low-friction arthroplasty.
AB  - Twenty-two high-density polyethylene sockets from Charnley low-friction
      arthroplasties have been studied. Acrylic casts and shadowgraph techniques were
      used to measure both the real and radiographic rates of wear; these rates showed
      a significant correlation. In the sagittal plane, nine of the sockets had worn
      lateral to a line drawn vertically from the centre of curvature of the socket, 12
      had worn medial to that line and only one was worn exactly in the line. In the
      coronal plane, nine sockets had worn in front of a similar vertical line, two
      behind that line and 11 had worn exactly in the line. Evidence of impingement of
      the neck of the stem onto the rim of the socket was found in 14 patients; this is
      considered to be one of the causes of socket loosening. The obvious solution is
      to reduce the diameter of the neck of the stem from 12.5 mm to 10 mm; provided
      that it is made of cold-formed, high nitrogen-content stainless steel, this
      narrower neck is strong enough not to fracture.

PMID- 4055877
TI  - Greater trochanteric pain syndrome. A report of 15 cases.
AB  - Fifteen patients with identical symptoms of pain and tenderness at the tip of the
      greater trochanter are reviewed. Diagnosis by the referring doctor was usually
      osteoarthritis of the hip or sciatica, but localised tenderness and pain on
      resisted abduction were the only clinical signs. Radiographs were usually normal.
      Most cases were relieved by one or more local steroid injections. This disorder
      has much in common with tennis elbow, golfer's elbow, coccydynia and policeman's
      heel. We suggest that all these conditions may be traction syndromes.

PMID- 4055878
TI  - The management of infected total knee replacements.
AB  - A review of patients with an infected resurfacing prosthesis is presented. Eight
      patients with a loose infected prosthesis were treated by a one-stage exchange
      arthroplasty; six others with a well-fixed infected prosthesis were treated by
      drainage and antibiotics. All eight treated by exchange arthroplasty remained
      free of infection as did five of those treated by drainage. In four of these last
      five patients, the prosthesis was inserted without cement; the possible role of
      polymethylmethacrylate in the persistence of infection is discussed.

PMID- 4055879
TI  - Articular cartilage changes in chondromalacia patellae.
AB  - Full thickness samples of articular cartilage were removed from areas of
      chondromalacia on the medial and "odd" facets of the patellae of 21 adults and
      examined by histology, autoradiography and electron microscopy. Surface
      fibrillation, loss of superficial matrix staining and reduced 35SO4 labelling was
      seen, with little change in the deep zone. Ten cases showed "fibrous metaplasia"
      of the superficial cartilage with definite evidence of cell division and apparent
      smoothing of the surface. Scattered chondrocyte replication appeared to occur in
      the surrounding intact cartilage. The findings suggest that early lesions in
      chondromalacia patellae may heal either by cartilage or fibrous metaplasia and
      that this may account for the resolution of clinical symptoms.

PMID- 4055880
TI  - Comparing the results of different types of knee replacement. A method proposed
      and applied.
AB  - Many knee replacement prostheses, embodying various principles of design, are now
      available and there is need for a method by which valid comparisons of results
      can be made. An important criterion of success is durability, so the length of
      time the prostheses have been in situ must be taken into account. Such a method
      is proposed here and is applied to the results of 673 knee replacements, of nine
      different types, implanted at the same hospital between 1970 and 1983. A
      prosthesis was considered to have failed if it had been removed or persistently
      caused severe pain. Two types of prosthesis were found to be significantly less
      successful than the other seven, between which none consistently showed
      significant superiority. Results for the seven types were similar despite the
      facts that they had been used for knees with different degrees of damage, some as
      secondary implants, and that they were of different design and at different
      stages of technical development. The more recently introduced types of
      prosthesis, designed to have theoretical advantages, were found in practice to be
      no more successful than the models they superseded.

PMID- 4055881
TI  - Tibia vara caused by focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia. Three case reports.
AB  - We present three cases of a previously undescribed condition characterised by
      unilateral tibia vara associated with an area of focal fibrocartilaginous
      dysplasia in the medial aspect of the proximal tibia. The three children affected
      were aged 9, 15 and 27 months respectively. Two required tibial osteotomy, but in
      one the deformity resolved without treatment. The pathogenesis of the focal
      lesion remains conjectural; the most likely explanation is that the mesenchymal
      anlage of the tibial metaphysis has, for unknown reasons, developed abnormally at
      the insertion of the pes anserinus.

PMID- 4055882
TI  - Total ankle arthroplasty. A long-term review of the London Hospital experience.
AB  - We report a retrospective study of 62 total ankle arthroplasties performed
      between 1972 and 1981. Forty-one of these have been reviewed clinically after an
      average follow-up of five and a half years; only 13 can be described as
      satisfactory. The complications encountered in all 62 arthroplasties are
      detailed, the most significant being superficial wound healing problems, talar
      collapse, and loosening of the components; 13 prosthetic joints have already been
      removed and arthrodesis attempted. The management of the complications is
      discussed. In view of the high complication rate and the generally poor long-term
      clinical results, we recommend arthrodesis as the treatment of choice for the
      painful stiff arthritic ankle, regardless of the underlying pathological process.

PMID- 4055883
TI  - Long-term results of early surgical release in club feet.
AB  - One-hundred and seventy patients with 252 club feet treated by early posterior
      release were reviewed after a follow-up averaging 15 years 10 months. The feet
      were assessed both functionally and clinically and the results related to any
      bony deformity found radiographically; a satisfactory result was obtained in 81%.
      Lateral tibial torsion was examined and found to be less than in a normal
      population. The relationship between primary bone deformity and eventual
      functional result was examined, and a classification of talar dome deformity
      introduced. The range of ankle movement was a major factor in determining the
      functional result, and this in turn was influenced by the degree of talar dome
      flattening. It is suggested that the primary bone deformity present at birth
      dictates the eventual result of treatment.

PMID- 4055884
TI  - Multiple epiphysial dysplasia in one family. A further review of seven
      generations.
AB  - A family of 114 people in six generations, of whom 45 were affected by multiple
      epiphysial dysplasia, was described in this Journal in May 1960. We have been
      able to review them again 23 years later, and also to report on the type and
      incidence of the disease in more children and in a further generation. The
      relative severity of the disease in different branches of the family has been
      unchanged through the generations. Patients who were previously hopelessly
      crippled can today be rehabilitated by total hip replacement. Genetic counselling
      and birth control have reduced the relative and absolute numbers of affected
      children; this is tending to make the disease self-limiting.

PMID- 4055885
TI  - Evaluation of sensibility after sensory reconstruction of the thumb.
AB  - We have studied the restoration of sensation in 24 patients after operations
      involving the digital nerves of the thumb. These comprised 10 neurorrhaphies, two
      nerve graftings, five replantations, one toe-to-thumb transfer and six
      neurovascular island flaps. The average follow-up period was 46 months. Greater
      sensitivity was found in the moving two-point discrimination (2PD) test than in
      the static 2PD test. The results of the Semmes-Weinstein test showed good
      correlation with the static 2PD test. Porter's letter test showed correlations
      with both 2PD tests, and the pulp-writing test showed good correlation with the
      moving 2PD test. The neurorrhaphy cases had the best results using the static 2PD
      and Semmes-Weinstein test, and had good restoration of sensation; the
      replantation cases were next best. After neurovascular island flaps, patients
      exhibited hypersensitivity, double sensation and distorted images on the pulp
      writing test. Using this same test the nerve grafting cases had distorted touch
      perception and perceived a straight line as a curve. The pulp-writing test, using
      moving touch, is one method of examining mechanoreceptors and shows to what
      extent the patient perceives what touches the finger pulp; it gives a better
      indication of higher functions than the 2PD test.

PMID- 4055886
TI  - Strength of carbon and polyester fibre tendon replacements. Variation after
      operation in rabbits.
AB  - The calcaneal tendons of rabbits were excised and either replaced with a carbon
      or polyester fibre implant, or left as controls. The strength of the neotendons
      and their mode of failure under tension were examined at intervals up to six
      months after operation. Return to near normal strength took six months to
      develop, suggesting that patients having ligament or tendon reconstructions
      should not resume normal activity for several months. Carbon fibre-based
      neotendons showed progressive elongation which, unless avoided by a sufficient
      period of immobilisation, would affect the functional result.

PMID- 4055887
TI  - Pulmonary insufficiency after long bone fractures. Absence of circulating fat or
      significant immunodepression.
AB  - Twenty young men with displaced fractures of one or more long bones in the lower
      limb, but with no evidence of cranial, thoracic or abdominal injury, were studied
      prospectively. Although all the patients became hypoxaemic, the six who developed
      signs of respiratory distress (Group 1) were found to have a significantly lower
      arterial oxygen tension and a significantly higher rate of urinary urea excretion
      than the remaining 14 patients whose pulmonary function appeared to be clinically
      normal (Group 2). Circulating fat macroglobules were identified in three cases,
      only one of whom was in Group 1, and hence the tests for fat embolism were not of
      prognostic value. Although an immunodeficient state is considered to contribute
      to the pulmonary insufficiency which occurs after major trauma, convincing
      evidence of a lymphocyte-suppressive agent was found in only one patient.

PMID- 4055888
TI  - The art and science of orthopaedics in developing countries.

PMID- 4055889
TI  - Direct observation of microtubule treadmilling by electron microscopy.
AB  - Using an immunoelectron microscopic procedure, we directly observed the
      concurrent addition and loss of chicken brain tubulin subunits from the opposite
      ends of microtubules containing erythrocyte tubulin domains. The polarity of
      growth of the brain tubulin on the ends of erythrocyte microtubules was
      determined to be similar to growth off the ends of Chlamydomonas axonemes. The
      flux rate for brain tubulin subunits in vitro was low, approximately 0.9
      micron/h. Tubulin subunit flux did not continue through the entire microtubule as
      expected, but ceased when erythrocyte tubulin domains became exposed, resulting
      in a metastable configuration that persisted for at least several hours. We
      attribute this to differences in the critical concentrations of erythrocyte and
      brain tubulin. The exchange of tubulin subunits into the walls of preformed
      microtubules other than at their ends was also determined to be insignificant,
      the exchange rate being less than the sensitivity of the assay, or less than
      0.2%/h.

PMID- 4055890
TI  - An unusual lysosome compartment involved in vitellogenin endocytosis by Xenopus
      oocytes.
AB  - We have investigated the lysosomal compartment of Xenopus oocytes to determine
      the possible role of this organelle in the endocytic pathway of the yolk protein
      precursor, vitellogenin. Oocytes have lysosome-like organelles of unusual
      enzymatic composition at all stages of their development, and the amount of
      hydrolase activity increases steadily throughout oogenesis. These unusual
      lysosomes appear to be located primarily in a peripheral zone of oocyte
      cytoplasm. At least two distinct populations of lysosomal organelles can be
      identified after sucrose density gradient fractionation of vitellogenic oocytes.
      Most enzyme activity resides in a compartment of large size and high density that
      appears to be a subpopulation of yolk platelets that are less dense than most
      platelets within the cell. The appearance of this high density peak of lysosomal
      enzyme activity coincides with the time of onset of vitellogenin endocytosis
      during oocyte development. The data suggest that endocytic vesicles that contain
      vitellogenin fuse with modified lysosomes shortly after their internalization by
      the oocyte. Pulse-chase experiments with radiolabeled vitellogenin suggest that
      the ligand passes through the low density platelet compartment en route to the
      heavy platelets. The accumulation of yolk proteins apparently results from a
      failure of these molecules to undergo complete digestion after their entry into
      an unusual lysosomal compartment. The yolk platelets that these proteins finally
      enter for prolonged storage appear to be a postlysosomal organelle.

PMID- 4055891
TI  - Inhibition of receptor-mediated but not fluid-phase endocytosis in
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - We have found that hypertonic medium inhibited the receptor-mediated uptake of
      the chemotactic peptide N-formylnorleucylleucylphenylalanine without affecting
      fluid-phase endocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Morphological and
      biochemical evidence demonstrated that cells in hypertonic medium did not
      accumulate peptide in a receptor-mediated manner. However, the cells continued to
      form endosomes containing fluid-phase markers. Furthermore, the content of these
      endosomes was processed normally, i.e., both digested and intact material were
      released into the medium. The inhibition of receptor-mediated uptake was a
      function of the tonicity. Partial inhibition occurred in 0.45 and 0.6 osmolar
      medium and maximal inhibition occurred in 0.75 osmolar medium. The inhibition was
      independent of the solute used to increase the tonicity: sodium chloride,
      sucrose, and lactose all inhibited uptake to similar extents. Hypertonic medium
      had little effect on saturable peptide binding. However, it did prevent the
      clustering of surface molecules as indicated by the inhibition of capping of
      fluorescent concanavalin A. In addition, hypertonic medium prevented the peptide
      stimulated increase in cytosolic calcium levels as measured by quin 2
      fluorescence. The tonicity dependence of the inhibition of quin 2 fluorescence
      paralleled the inhibition of receptor-mediated uptake.

PMID- 4055892
TI  - Generation of microtubule stability subclasses by microtubule-associated
      proteins: implications for the microtubule "dynamic instability" model.
AB  - We have developed a method to distinguish microtubule associated protein (MAP)
      containing regions from MAP-free regions within a microtubule, or within
      microtubule sub-populations. In this method, we measure the MAP-dependent
      stabilization of microtubule regions to dilution-induced disassembly of the
      polymer. The appropriate microtubule regions are identified by assembly in the
      presence of [3H]GTP, and assayed by filter trapping and quantitation of
      microtubule regions that contain label. We find that MAPs bind very rapidly to
      polymer binding sites and that they do not exchange from these sites measurably
      once bound. Also, very low concentrations of MAPs yield measurable stabilization
      of local microtubule regions. Unlike the stable tubule only polypeptide (STOP)
      proteins, MAPs do not exhibit any sliding behavior under our assay conditions.
      These results predict the presence of different stability subclasses of
      microtubules when MAPs are present in less than saturating amounts. The data can
      readily account for the observed "dynamic instability" of microtubules through
      unequal MAP distributions. Further, we report that MAP dependent stabilization is
      quantitatively reversed by MAP phosphorylation, but that calmodulin, in large
      excess, has no specific influence on MAP protein activity when MAPs are on
      microtubules.

PMID- 4055894
TI  - Is cytochrome P-450 transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi
      apparatus in rat hepatocytes?
AB  - The Golgi apparatus mediates intracellular transport of not only secretory and
      lysosomal proteins but also membrane proteins. As a typical marker membrane
      protein for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of rat hepatocytes, we have selected
      phenobarbital (PB)-inducible cytochrome P-450 (P-450[PB]) and investigated
      whether P-450(PB) is transported to the Golgi apparatus or not by combining
      biochemical and quantitative ferritin immunoelectron microscopic techniques. We
      found that P-450(PB) was not detectable on the membrane of Golgi cisternae either
      when P-450 was maximally induced by phenobarbital treatment or when P-450 content
      in the microsomes rapidly decreased after cessation of the treatment. The P-450
      detected biochemically in the Golgi subcellular fraction can be explained by the
      contamination of the microsomal vesicles derived from fragmented ER membranes to
      the Golgi fraction. We conclude that when the transfer vesicles are formed by
      budding on the transitional elements of ER, P-450 is completely excluded from
      such regions and is not transported to the Golgi apparatus, and only the membrane
      proteins destined for the Golgi apparatus, plasma membranes, or lysosomes are
      selectively collected and transported.

PMID- 4055893
TI  - Phosphorylation in isolated Chlamydomonas axonemes: a phosphoprotein may mediate
      the Ca2+-dependent photophobic response.
AB  - An in vitro system was devised for studying phosphorylation of Chlamydomonas
      reinhardtii axonemal proteins. Many of the polypeptides phosphorylated in this
      system could be identified as previously described axonemal components that are
      phosphorylated in vivo. The in vitro system apparently preserved the activities
      of diverse axonemal kinases without greatly altering the substrate specificity of
      the enzymes. The in vitro system was used to study the effect of calcium
      concentration on axonemal protein phosphorylation. Calcium has previously been
      demonstrated to initiate the axonemal reversal reaction of the photophobic
      response; the in vitro system made it possible to investigate the possibility
      that this calcium effect is mediated by protein phosphorylation. Calcium
      specifically altered the phosphorylation of only two axonemal proteins; the
      phosphorylation of an otherwise unidentified 85,000 Mr protein was repressed by
      calcium concentrations greater than or equal to 10(-6) M, while the
      phosphorylation of the previously identified 95,000 Mr protein b4 was stimulated
      by calcium at concentrations greater than 10(-6) M. Protein b4 is one of six
      polypeptides that are deficient in the mbo mutants, strains that do not exhibit a
      photophobic reversal reaction. Therefore, this calcium-stimulated phosphorylation
      may be involved in initiating the photophobic response. Neither calmodulin nor
      the C-kinase could be implicated in b4 phosphorylation. The calcium-dependent
      activation of the b4 kinase was not affected by several drugs that bind to and
      inhibit calmodulin, or by the addition of exogenous calmodulin. Activators and
      inhibitors of the calcium-phospholipid-dependent C kinase also had no effect on
      b4 phosphorylation.

PMID- 4055895
TI  - The ribosomal RNA gene cluster in aneuploid chickens: evidence for increased gene
      dosage and regulation of gene expression.
AB  - In the chicken, the nucleolus organizer regions, or sites of the genes encoding
      18S, 5.8S, and 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), map to one pair of microchromosomes that
      can be identified by silver nitrate cytochemistry. This nucleolar organizer
      chromosome also contains the major histocompatibility complex. Chickens aneuploid
      for this chromosome have been identified and reproduced for over seven
      generations. Crossing two trisomic parents results in the production of viable
      disomic, trisomic, and tetrasomic progeny, showing two, three, and four nucleoli
      and nucleolar organizers per cell, respectively. A molecular analysis of rRNA
      genes was undertaken to establish the gene copy numbers in the aneuploid
      genotypes, and to determine if elevated numbers of rRNA genes are stably
      maintained and inherited over multiple generations. Gene copy numbers were
      determined using hybridization analysis of erythrocyte DNA obtained from
      individuals comprising a family which segregated disomic, trisomic, and
      tetrasomic genotypes. The values obtained were 290, 420, and 570 rDNA repeats per
      cell for disomic, trisomic, and tetrasomic animals, respectively. These results
      provide molecular confirmation of the two aneuploid states and show that elevated
      gene copy numbers have been maintained over multiple generations. Fibroblasts
      derived from disomic and tetrasomic embryos were found to grow at similar rates
      in culture, and mature rRNA levels in chicken embryo fibroblasts from disomic,
      trisomic and tetrasomic embryos were also found to have similar levels of mature
      rRNA. Therefore, despite the increase in rDNA content, the level of rRNA is
      regulated to diploid amounts in aneuploid fibroblasts.

PMID- 4055896
TI  - Analysis of the microtubule-binding domain of MAP-2.
AB  - We examined the microtubule-binding domain of the microtubule-associated protein
      (MAP), MAP-2, using rabbit antibodies that specifically bind to the microtubule
      binding region ("stub") and the projection portion ("arm") of MAP-2. We found
      that (a) microtubules decorated with arm antibody look similar to those labeled
      with whole unfractionated MAP antibody, though microtubules are not labeled with
      stub antibody; (b) incubation of depolymerized microtubule protein with stub
      antibody prior to assembly partially inhibits the rate of microtubule elongation,
      presumably because MAPs that are complexed with antibody cannot bind to
      microtubules and stabilize elongating polymers; (c) the rate of appearance and
      amounts of 36- and 40-kD microtubule-binding peptides produced by digestion with
      chymotrypsin are distinct for MAPs associated with microtubules vs. MAPs free in
      solution. The enhanced stability of the 40-kD peptide when associated with
      microtubules suggests that this domain of the protein is closely associated with,
      or partially buried in, the microtubule surface; (d) MAP-2 is a slender, elongate
      molecule as determined by unidirectional platinum shadowing (90 +/- 30 nm), which
      is in approximate agreement with previous observations. Stub antibody labels MAP
      2 in the terminal one-quarter of the extended protein, indicating an intrinsic
      asymmetry in the molecule.

PMID- 4055897
TI  - Specific alteration of NCAM-mediated cell adhesion by an endoneuraminidase.
AB  - A phage endoneuraminidase that specifically cleaves alpha-2, 8-linked polysialic
      acid has been found to be a useful probe for examining the biological role of
      this sugar moiety on the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). The enzyme caused
      a 3.3-fold increase in the rate of NCAM-dependent aggregation of membrane
      vesicles from chicken embryonic brain, without the nonspecific effects previously
      encountered with the use of exoneuraminidases. The enhancement of aggregation was
      closely correlated with removal of sialic acid as assessed by electrophoretic
      mobility. Extension of this analysis to cultures of spinal ganglia indicated that
      removal of sialic acid by the endoneuraminidase results in an increase in the
      thickness of neurite bundles. This enhancement of fasciculation was reversed by
      addition of anti-NCAM Fab, suggesting that the enzyme treatment was not toxic and
      did not produce nonspecific effects on adhesion. Injection of the enzyme into the
      eyes of 3.5-d chicken embryos consistently produced a striking array of
      abnormalities in those parts of the neural retina that contained the highest
      concentrations of NCAM at the time of injection. These perturbations included a
      dramatic thickening of the neural epithelium in the posterior eye, a failure of
      cells in this region to elongate radially, formation of an ectopic optic fiber
      layer, and an incomplete association of the presumptive pigmented epithelium with
      the neural retina. These results provide the first direct evidence that the
      polysialic acid on NCAM has a regulatory effect on adhesion between living cells,
      and that the amount of this carbohydrate is critical for the normal morphogenesis
      of nerve tissue.

PMID- 4055898
TI  - A nucleus-basal body connector in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that may function in
      basal body localization or segregation.
AB  - We have isolated a nucleus-basal body complex from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The
      complex is strongly immunoreactive to an antibody generated against a major
      protein constituent of isolated Tetraselmis striata flagellar roots (Salisbury,
      J. L., A. Baron, B. Surek, and M. Melkonian, J. Cell Biol., 99:962-970).
      Electrophoretic and immunoelectrophoretic analysis indicates that, like the
      Tetraselmis protein, the Chlamydomonas antigen consists of two acidic isoforms of
      approximately 20 kD. Indirect immunofluorescent staining of nucleus-basal body
      complexes reveals two major fibers in the connector region, one between each
      basal body and the nucleus. The nucleus is also strongly immunoreactive, with
      staining radiating around much of the nucleus from a region of greatest
      concentration at the connector pole. Calcium treatment causes shortening of the
      connector fibers and also movement of nuclear DNA towards the connector pole.
      Electron microscopic observation of negatively stained nucleus-basal body
      complexes reveals a cluster of approximately 6-nm filaments, suspected to
      represent the connector, between the basal bodies and nuclei. A mutant with a
      variable number of flagella, vfl-2-220, is defective with respect to the nucleus
      basal body association. This observation encourages us to speculate that the
      nucleus-basal body union is important for accurate basal body localization within
      the cell and/or for accurate segregation of parental and daughter basal bodies at
      cell division. A physical association between nuclei and basal bodies or
      centrioles has been observed in a variety of algal, protozoan, and metazoan
      cells, although the nature of the association, in terms of both structure and
      function, has been obscure. We believe it likely that fibrous connectors
      homologous to those described here for Chlamydomonas are general features of
      centriole-bearing eucaryotic cells.

PMID- 4055899
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of retinoid-induced pattern duplications in the early
      chick limb bud: temporal and spatial aspects.
AB  - All-trans-retinoic acid causes striking digit pattern changes when it is
      continuously released from a bead implanted in the anterior margin of an early
      chick wing bud. In addition to the normal set of digits (234), extra digits form
      in a mirror-symmetrical arrangement, creating digit patterns such as a 432234.
      These retinoic acid-induced pattern duplications closely mimic those found after
      grafts of polarizing region cells to the same positions with regard to dose
      response, timing, and positional effects. To elucidate the mechanism by which
      retinoic acid induces these pattern duplications, we have studied the temporal
      and spatial distribution of all-trans-retinoic acid and its potent analogue TTNPB
      in these limb buds. We find that the induction process is biphasic: there is an 8
      h lag phase followed by a 6-h duplication phase, during which additional digits
      are irreversibly specified in the sequence digit 2, digit 3, digit 4. On average,
      formation of each digit seems to require between 1 and 2 h. The tissue
      concentrations, metabolic pattern, and spatial distribution of all-trans-retinoic
      acid and TTNPB in the limb rapidly reach a steady state, in which the continuous
      release of the retinoid is balanced by loss from metabolism and blood
      circulation. Pulse-chase experiments reveal that the half-time of clearance from
      the bud is 20 min for all-trans-retinoic acid and 80 min for TTNPB. Manipulations
      that change the experimentally induced steep concentration gradient of TTNPB
      suggest that a graded distribution of retinoid concentrations across the limb is
      required during the duplication phase to induce changes in the digit pattern. The
      extensive similarities between results obtained with retinoids and with
      polarizing region grafts raise the possibility that retinoic acid serves as a
      natural "morphogen" in the limb.

PMID- 4055900
TI  - Biochemical and cytochemical evidence indicates that coated vesicles in chick
      embryo myotubes contain newly synthesized acetylcholinesterase.
AB  - We have isolated highly purified coated vesicles from 17-d-old chick embryo
      skeletal muscle. These isolated coated vesicles contain acetylcholinesterase
      (AChE) in a latent, membrane-protected form as demonstrated enzymatically and
      morphologically using the Karnovsky and Roots histochemical procedure (J.
      Histochem. Cytochem., 1964, 12:219-221). By the use of appropriate inhibitors the
      cholinesterase activity can be shown to be specific for acetylcholine. It also
      can be concluded that most of the AChE represents soluble enzyme since it is
      rendered soluble by repeated freeze-thaw cycles. To determine the origin of the
      coated vesicle-associated AChE, we have isolated coated vesicles from cultured
      chick embryo myotubes which have been treated with diisopropylfluorophosphate, an
      essentially irreversible inhibitor of both intra- and extracellular AChE, and
      have been allowed to recover for 3 h. This time is not enough to allow any newly
      synthesized AChE to be secreted. These coated vesicles also contain predominantly
      soluble AChE. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that coated vesicles
      are important intermediates in the intracellular transport of newly synthesized
      AChE.

PMID- 4055901
TI  - Retention of autoregulatory control of tubulin synthesis in cytoplasts:
      demonstration of a cytoplasmic mechanism that regulates the level of tubulin
      expression.
AB  - Virtually all animal cells rapidly and specifically depress synthesis of new
      alpha- and beta-tubulin polypeptides in response to microtubule inhibitors that
      increase the pool of depolymerized subunits, or in response to direct elevation
      of the cellular tubulin subunit content through microinjection of exogenous
      tubulin subunits. Collectively, these previous findings have documented the
      presence of an apparent eucaryotic, autoregulatory control mechanism that
      specifies the level of expression of tubulin in cultured animal cells.
      Mechanistically, this regulation of tubulin synthesis is achieved through
      modulation of tubulin mRNA levels. To dissect further the molecular pathway that
      underlies this autoregulatory phenomenon, we have now investigated whether
      enucleated cells still retain the requisite regulatory machinery with which to
      alter tubulin synthetic levels in response to fluctuations in the pool size of
      unpolymerized tubulin subunits. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to
      analyze the patterns of new polypeptide synthesis, we have determined that such
      cytoplasts can indeed respond to drug-induced microtubule depolymerization by
      specific repression of new beta-tubulin synthesis. Moreover, the response of
      cytoplasts is, if anything, greater in magnitude than that of whole cells. We
      conclude that autoregulatory control of beta-tubulin gene expression must derive
      principally, if not exclusively, from a cytoplasmic control mechanism that
      modulates beta-tubulin mRNA stability. For alpha-tubulin, although the response
      of cytoplasts after drug-induced microtubule depolymerization is quantitatively
      less dramatic than that of whole cells, at least part of the regulatory machinery
      must also be activated through a cytoplasmic regulatory event.

PMID- 4055902
TI  - Spindle microtubule differentiation and deployment during micronuclear mitosis in
      Paramecium.
AB  - Spindles underwent a 12-fold elongation before anaphase B was completed during
      the closed mitoses of micronuclei in Paramecium tetraurelia. Two main classes of
      spindle microtubules have been identified. A peripheral sheath of microtubules
      with diameters of 27-32 nm was found to be associated with the nuclear envelope
      and confined to the midportion of each spindle. Most of the other microtubules
      had diameters of approximately 24 nm and were present along the entire lengths of
      spindles. Nearly all of the 24-nm microtubules were eliminated from spindle
      midportions (largely because of microtubule disassembly) at a relatively early
      stage of spindle elongation. Disassembly of some of these microtubules also
      occurred at the ends of spindles. About 60% of the total microtubule content of
      spindles was lost at this stage. Most, perhaps all, peripheral sheath
      microtubules remained intact. Many of them detached from the nuclear envelope and
      regrouped to form a compact microtubule bundle in the spindle midportion. There
      was little, if any, further polymerization of 24-nm microtubules after the
      disassembly phase. Polymerization of microtubules with diameters of 27-32 nm
      continued as spindle elongation progressed. Most microtubules in the midportions
      of well-elongated spindles were constructed from 14-16 protofilaments. A few 24
      nm microtubules with 13 protofilaments were also present. The implications of
      these findings for spatial control of microtubule assembly, disassembly,
      positioning, and membrane association, that apparently discriminate between
      microtubules with different protofilament numbers have been explored. The
      possibility that microtubule sliding occurs during spindle elongation has also
      been considered.

PMID- 4055903
TI  - Secretogranins I and II: two tyrosine-sulfated secretory proteins common to a
      variety of cells secreting peptides by the regulated pathway.
AB  - We report on the biochemical and immunological properties as well as on the
      cellular and subcellular distribution of two proteins, called secretogranins I
      and II. These proteins specifically occur in a wide variety of endocrine and
      neuronal cells that package and sort regulatory peptides into secretory granules.
      Both secretogranins take the same intracellular route as the peptides and are
      also sorted into secretory granules. Secretogranins I and II are biochemically
      and immunologically distinct proteins and differ from chromogranin A. Yet, these
      three proteins are similar to each other in many respects and therefore
      constitute one class of proteins. A remarkable feature of this protein class is a
      very acidic pI, brought about by a high content of acidic amino acids as well as
      by phosphorylation on serine and sulfation on tyrosine and O-linked carbohydrate.
      As a result, this class of proteins has a high net negative charge even at the
      acidic pH of the trans Golgi cisternae. We discuss the possibility that this
      property of the proteins may point to a role in the packaging of regulatory
      peptides into secretory granules.

PMID- 4055905
TI  - Induction of metallothionein synthesis in cultured cells derived from rabbit
      kidney.
AB  - Metallothionein (MT) synthesis in rabbit kidney-derived RK-13 cells was studied.
      In response to Cd2+, RK-13 cells synthesized proteins closely similar in
      chromatographic and electrophoretic behaviors to the liver MTs induced in Cd2+
      injected rabbit. These proteins were specifically immunoprecipitated by anti
      mouse liver MT-II serum. The rate of RK-13 thionein (apoprotein of MT) synthesis
      rapidly increased after exposure to 1 microgram/ml of Cd2+, and reached the
      maximum in 7 h. The dose-response curve for the synthesis was biphasic; a sharp
      increase up to 0.5 microgram/ml and a slower increase at higher concentrations.
      RK-13 cells retained kidney-specific properties in terms of responsiveness of
      thionein synthesis to inducers; The MTs were inducible also by Zn2+ and probably
      by Hg2+, but not by dexamethasone. This system would therefore be a useful model
      in vitro for studying the regulation of MT synthesis in kidney cells.

PMID- 4055904
TI  - Expression of tracheal differentiated functions in serum-free hormone
      supplemented medium.
AB  - Most dissociated airway epithelial cells in culture express few of their in vivo
      functions and only to a limited degree. In this report, we demonstrate that
      hamster tracheal epithelial (HTE) cells cultured on a collagen gel substratum in
      a serum-free hormone-supplemented medium differentiate to cilia-beating and mucus
      secreting cell types. The medium is Ham's F-12 supplemented with insulin,
      epidermal growth factor, transferrin, hydrocortisone, cholera toxin, bovine
      hypothalamus extract, and vitamin A. Under these culture conditions, HTE cells
      exhibit a growth rate of 24 h/population doubling and reach confluency, at a
      density of 2-5 X 10(4) cells/cm2, within 2 weeks. Both the collagen gel
      substratum and vitamin A of this culture system are important to the growth and
      differentiation of HTE cells in vitro. Evidence of HTE cell differentiation has
      been obtained at both the ultrastructural and the histochemical levels. In
      addition, a variety of biochemical studies (gel filtration, ion exchange column
      chromatography, enzyme digestion, nitrous acid treatment, and composition
      analysis) indicate the production of mucin-like glycoprotein in the HTE cultures.
      The levels of mucin-like glycoprotein were found to closely correlate with the
      histochemically quantitated levels of the mucous cell type. Kinetic studies
      demonstrate that HTE cells rapidly lose their differentiated features during the
      attachment stage of primary culture but redifferentiation occurs after the
      cultures reach confluency. The ability of HTE cells to grow and differentiate in
      this serum-free culture system in the absence of other cell types should greatly
      facilitate the study of mucociliary functions in vitro.

PMID- 4055906
TI  - BrdU-Hoechst flow cytometry reveals regulation of human lymphocyte growth by
      donor-age-related growth fraction and transition rate.
AB  - An improved BrdU-Hoechst flow assay was applied to cell kinetic studies of human
      lymphocyte cultures during a 24-96 hr interval after PHA stimulation. The assay
      shows that the duration of the initial lag phase and the proportions of
      noncycling cells increase as a function of donor age, whereas the rates of
      transition from each cell cycle compartment to the next decrease. Cell cycle
      arrest occurs in the first S and G2 phase after stimulation of lymphocytes from a
      75-year-old donor but not from younger donors. The data are consistent with
      several models of cell cycle kinetics, so long as these models are modified to
      include a fraction of noncycling cells in each cell cycle compartment.

PMID- 4055907
TI  - Effect of sodium butyrate on actin distribution in rat 3Y1 fibroblasts in
      monolayer culture.
AB  - We studied the effect of sodium butyrate, a potent G1/G2-arresting agent, on
      actin distribution in rat 3Y1 fibroblasts in monolayer culture by fluorescence
      microscopy of cells stained with 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazole phallacidine (NBD
      Ph). When randomly proliferating cells were arrested mainly in G1 phase with
      butyrate, a reversible overaccumulation of cellular net protein occurred. In the
      G1-arrested cells, actin markedly accumulated at the margin of cells, and a
      network structure of actin stress fibers appeared. When density-arrested cells
      were replated sparsely and rearrested in the G1, early S, and G2 phases with
      butyrate or hydroxyurea, the actin network was observed extensively in the cells
      arrested in the G1 and G2 phases with butyrate. These results agree with our
      previous results indicating the existence of some physiological similarity
      between cells in the G1 and G2 phases and suggest that actin distribution somehow
      depends on the phases of the cell cycle. The actin profiles observed by the NBD
      Ph staining were confirmed by transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM) of negatively
      stained whole cells. TEM further revealed that electron-dense amorphous materials
      were present at crossing points in the network but rarely present on
      interconnecting microfilament bundles.

PMID- 4055908
TI  - Sulfate transport in human lung fibroblasts (IMR-90).
AB  - Sulfate transport in a fibroblast cell line derived from human lung (IMR-90)
      occurred mainly via high- and low-affinity, SITS-sensitive pathways and to a
      lesser extent by an SITS-insensitive mechanism. In low-ionic-strength media
      (sucrose substituted for salts) the apparent Km of the carrier-mediated sulfate
      influx was 1 mM. At 0.3 mM, the sulfate concentration normally found in human
      serum, the contribution of the SITS-insensitive pathway was negligible. In
      physiological salts solution, an SITS-sensitive, high-affinity (Km 34 +/- 14
      microM) sulfate influx system was observed at extracellular sulfate
      concentrations less than 100 microM. Between 100 and 500 microM sulfate, the
      range normally found in human serum, sulfate influx occurred via an SITS
      sensitive, low-affinity pathway and to a small extent by an SITS-insensitive
      mechanism. Extracellular chloride inhibited the influx and stimulated the efflux
      of sulfate. Bicarbonate and thiosulfate inhibited sulfate influx but had no
      effect on sulfate efflux. Phosphate, arsenate, or Na+ did not affect sulfate
      uptake. These results indicate that in human lung fibroblast IMR-90 cells sulfate
      is transported mainly via an SO4(2-)/Cl- exchange system independent of the
      phosphate or Na+ transport. Since sulfate concentration as high as 50 mM only
      slightly increased sulfate efflux, SO4(2-)/SO4(2-) exchange is probably a minor
      component of sulfate uptake.

PMID- 4055909
TI  - Differential induction of glucose-regulated and heat shock proteins: effects of
      pH and sulfhydryl-reducing agents on chicken embryo cells.
AB  - Glucose-regulated and heat shock proteins are two subsets of eukaryotic stress
      proteins that can be induced differentially, simultaneously, and reciprocally.
      Two new inducers, low extracellular pH and 2-mercaptoethanol, that stimulate
      chicken embryo cells to synthesize glucose-regulated proteins rapidly were found.
      Two classes of cellular targets for mercaptoethanol were defined operationally,
      one dependent on and the other independent of protein synthesis. A new inducer of
      heat shock proteins, high extracellular pH, was found as well. Inductions by low
      and high extracellular pH were inhibited by actinomycin D but were insensitive to
      cycloheximide. Inductions of glucose-regulated and heat shock proteins are
      discussed in terms of changes in intracellular pH and sulfhydryl oxidation
      states.

PMID- 4055910
TI  - Potassium-induced reverse transformation of cells infected with a temperature
      sensitive transformation mutant virus.
AB  - High potassium concentrations altered the morphology and the ability to grow in
      soft agar in 6m2 cells, a clone of rat kidney cells infected with a temperature
      sensitive mutant of Moloney sarcoma virus. Approximately 60% of cells exhibited
      normal morphology in the presence of 94.8 mM potassium in isotonic medium at the
      temperature permissive for transformation, whereas 100% were normal at 72 mM
      potassium in hypertonic media. A significant reduction of growth in soft agar was
      also induced with these conditions. However, the synthesis ratio of virus
      specified transforming protein to marker viral protein was not altered. Na+K+
      ATPase might play a role in this reverse-transformation process.

PMID- 4055911
TI  - Cell cycle phase-dependent induction of ornithine decarboxylase-antizyme.
AB  - The activities of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and ODC inhibitory protein (ODC
      antizyme) were studied in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, separated according to
      their position in the cell cycle by centrifugal elutriation. Release and/or
      synthesis of ODC-antizyme was induced by putrescine treatment. Each mouse
      received an intraperitoneal injection of 25 mumoles of putrescine at 0, 1, 2, and
      3 hr after tumor transplantation. Tumor cells obtained from putrescine-treated
      and control mice at 4 hr after transplantation were separated into fractions
      representing all phases of the cell cycle. The cell cycle distribution of the
      tumor cells in each fraction was determined by flow cytometry. In control tumor
      cells the ODC activity exhibited two maxima; in late-G1/early-S and in late-S/G2.
      A marked decrease in ODC activity was observed in mid-S phase. This decrease
      coincided with maximum ODC-antizyme activity (revealed by putrescine treatment),
      suggesting that ODC-antizyme is involved in the regulation of ODC activity during
      the cell cycle.

PMID- 4055912
TI  - Stretch-induced growth in chicken wing muscles: role of soluble growth-promoting
      factors.
AB  - The involvement of soluble growth-promoting factors in stretch-induced
      hypertrophy of the Patagialis muscle (PAT) in the chicken wing was investigated.
      Soluble extracts were prepared from young chicken PAT muscles made hypertrophic
      by passive stretch and from unstretched contralateral controls. Extracts were
      tested for their ability to stimulate cell proliferation and creatine
      phosphokinase (CPK) activity in primary monolayer cultures of chick embryo muscle
      cells. Factors were present in muscle extracts which showed a dose-dependent
      stimulation of cell proliferation and CPK activity in vitro. Passive stretch for
      5 days produced a rapid hypertrophy of the PAT which was accompanied by a
      dramatic increase in the activity of the growth factor(s). Release of stretch
      resulted in an arrest of growth and an immediate fall in growth factor activity.
      The difference in growth-stimulating activity between control and stretched PAT
      extracts could be demonstrated in chicken transferrin-sensitive chick myoblast
      cultures. Stretch thus induces an increase in a class-specific growth factor,
      possibly Transferrin, in the PAT. Stretched PAT extracts stimulated: (a) chick
      myoblast proliferation to a greater extent than an optimum concentration of chick
      embryo extract, and (b) CPK activity in vitro to a greater extent than excess
      Transferrin. Both control and stretched PAT extracts supported the growth of rat
      myoblasts. We conclude that PAT muscle extracts also contain unknown growth
      factor(s) which are different from Transferrin.

PMID- 4055913
TI  - Expression of glucagon sensitivity by transformed MDCK cells normally
      unresponsive to glucagon: early commitment to differentiation.
AB  - A cloned line of canine kidney cells (MDCK) transformed with Harvey murine
      sarcoma virus, in contrast to the parental, untransformed line, expressed
      glucagon sensitivity only under controlled culture conditions. The glucagon
      sensitivity of transformed MDCK cells appeared after 10 days of culture if plated
      at less than 100,000 cells/dish or after 3 days if cells were plated at greater
      than 300,000 cells/dish. As there was no effect of conditioned medium from
      glucagon-sensitive cells on insensitive cells, media components seemed not to be
      involved in this phenomenon. Glucagon sensitivity appeared more readily in
      defined as opposed to serum-containing medium. In fact, as little as 2% fetal
      bovine serum inhibited the expression of glucagon sensitivity when included in
      defined medium over the course of the experiment. Furthermore, when transformed
      MDCK cells were exposed to serum for only the first 24 hr of culture, glucagon
      sensitivity on day 11 was identical to that of cells exposed to serum throughout
      the entire experiment. In contrast, exposure to serum later in culture (days 4-8)
      had no inhibitory effect on the expression of glucagon sensitivity on day 11. The
      data suggest that differentiation, or glucagon sensitivity, occurs when
      transformed, glucagon-insensitive cells achieve a critical high density and that
      differentiation is sensitive to inhibition by serum only during the first 24 hr
      of culture.

PMID- 4055914
TI  - Phosphorylation of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin in situ.
AB  - Myosin light chain (P light chain) is phosphorylated by Ca2+ X calmodulin
      dependent myosin light chain kinase. Based on studies with rat skeletal muscles,
      it has been shown that P light chain phosphorylation correlated to the extent of
      potentiation of isometric twitch tension. It is not clear whether this
      correlation exists in rabbit skeletal muscle, which has been the primary source
      of contractile proteins for biochemical studies. Therefore, phosphorylation of
      myosin P light chain in rabbit slow-twitch soleus and fast-twitch plantaris
      muscles in situ was examined. Electrical stimulation (5 Hz, 20 seconds) of
      plantaris muscle produced an increase in the phosphate content of P light chain
      from 0.17 to 0.45 mol phosphate/mol P light chain. This increase in phosphate
      content was accompanied by a 58% increase in maximal isometric twitch tension.
      Tetanic stimulation (100 Hz, 15 seconds) of rabbit soleus muscle resulted in only
      a small increase in P light chain phosphate content from 0.02 to 0.10 mol
      phosphate/mol P light chain, and posttetanic twitch tension did not increase
      significantly. The correlation between potentiated isometric twitch tension and P
      light chain phosphorylation in rabbit fast-twitch muscle is similar to that
      observed in rat skeletal muscle. These results were consistent with the
      hypothesis that phosphorylation of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin, which results
      in an increase in actin-activated ATPase activity, may be related to isometric
      twitch potentiation.

PMID- 4055915
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptors and cell cycle progression in human melanoma cell lines.
AB  - Proliferation of six established human melanoma cell lines was inhibited after
      treatment for 1 h with a high dose of glucocorticoid. Four of the lines with the
      capacity of colony formation were used to quantify final plating efficiency.
      Specific glucocorticoid binding sites in these cell lines ranged from 51,000 to
      170,000 sites per cell as measured with a whole-cell assay. Growth inhibition was
      completely reversible in one cell line, irreversible in another, and partially
      reversible in two lines. Receptor content per cell correlated with the reduction
      in final plating efficiency of glucocorticoid-treated cells, suggesting a
      receptor-mediated event. A more than 90% growth inhibition and a 40% reduction in
      cell survival in the most sensitive cell line, M-5A, was accompanied by a dual
      blockage in G1 and G2/M phase that lasted till at least 96 h after treatment with
      2.5 microM dexamethasone for 1 h. Evidence is presented of a real arrest of M-5A
      cells in G1 phase and a markedly retarded progression through G2; the blockage of
      G1-S transition was immediate and complete. Accumulation of G1 cells was observed
      in two other cell lines but was inconsistent in the fourth line studied by flow
      cytometry; in none of the three cell lines was G2/M accumulation observed.
      Stimulated melanogenesis after glucocorticoid treatment of M-5A and NKI-26 cells
      suggested differentiation of the cells during glucocorticoid-induced arrest.

PMID- 4055916
TI  - Induction and/or selective retention of proteins in mammalian cells exposed to
      cycloheximide.
AB  - Exposure of a number of murine and human cell lines to low graded doses of
      cycloheximide (CXM) results in a pattern of protein synthesis consisting of
      enhanced and induced species. These can be divided into two main classes
      according to molecular weight (20-40 and 70-120 Kd), similar to what has been
      described for other agents that modify the physiological conditions of growth. In
      addition, the pronounced synthesis of a hitherto unreported 50-Kd protein species
      has been consistently observed in all lines tested. Simultaneous exposure of
      cells to CXM and actinomycin D results in suppressing synthesis of some but not
      all protein species observed, indicating that control mechanisms at both
      transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels may be operative in this system.

PMID- 4055917
TI  - Actin-associated cell-surface glycoprotein from ascites cell microvilli: a
      disulfide-linked multimer.
AB  - Isolated microvilli of the MAT-C1 subline of the 13762 rat mammary adenocarcinoma
      contain a transmembrane complex composed of a cell surface, cytoskeleton
      associated glycoprotein (CAG), actin, and a 58,000-dalton polypeptide (58K). The
      behavior of CAG has been studied by differential centrifugation and velocity
      sedimentation gradient centrifugation of detergent extracts of microvilli. CAG
      can be pelleted along with a fraction of the microvillar actin even in the
      presence of ionic detergents and under microfilament-depolymerizing conditions.
      By velocity sedimentation analysis CAG in Triton/PBS extracts sediments as a
      large, heterogeneous species (sedimentation coefficient greater than 25S). In
      Sarkosyl and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) the size and heterogeneity are somewhat
      reduced. In SDS CAG sediments as a 20S species in the absence of mercaptoethanol
      and as a 5S species in the presence of mercaptoethanol. These results indicate
      that CAG is a disulfide-linked multimer in the microvillus membrane. We suggest
      that the stable multimeric structure of CAG permits it to act as the membrane
      association site for several microfilaments and plays an important role in the
      formation and stabilization of the microvillus structure.

PMID- 4055918
TI  - Phenazine methosulfate stimulation of ouabain-sensitive Rb+ uptake by HeLa cells:
      effects of respiratory inhibitors, anaerobiosis, and ascorbate.
AB  - phenazine methosulfate (PMS) stimulates ouabain-sensitive Rb+ uptake by HeLa
      cells. This stimulation cannot be attributed to the effect of the dye on the
      intracellular Na+ or ATP content. Respiratory inhibitors, such as 5 mM NaCN and 5
      microM rotenone, and anaerobic conditions enhance the stimulation of Rb+ uptake
      by PMS. Cellular respiration is stimulated, but lactate production is reduced in
      the presence of PMS, irrespective of the presence of respiratory inhibitors.
      Cellular NADH is oxidized markedly on addition of PMS plus inhibitors, but it is
      not affected by addition of the inhibitors only. In the presence of a high
      concentration of PMS, PMS-stimulated ouabain-sensitive Rb+ uptake is inhibited by
      addition of ascorbate. From these results it is concluded that Na+K-pump activity
      is closely related to the cellular redox state.

PMID- 4055919
TI  - Characterization of a membrane-associated glycoprotein complex implicated in cell
      adhesion to fibronectin.
AB  - We have characterized a 140-kDa glycoprotein complex purified by a monoclonal
      antibody and implicated in cell adhesion to the extracellular molecule
      fibronectin. Three major polypeptide components were purified by monoclonal
      antibody JG22E, which had apparent molecular weights of 155,000 (band 1), 135,000
      (band 2), and 120,000 (band 3). In two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, each
      subunit migrated as either a broad band or a series of spots at acidic
      isoelectric points. After treatment with neuraminidase, the spots became focused
      around pH 6.2 (band 1), pH 5.6 (band 2), and pH 5.3 (band 3). These three major
      bands were compared by two-dimensional peptide mapping in a series of pairwise
      combinations and were found to be distinct proteins. In sucrose gradients, these
      proteins co-migrated as a complex sedimenting at approximately 8.4 S either
      before or after affinity purification, whereas separated subunits migrated at 4.7
      to 5.8 S. Amino acid analysis revealed no detectable hydroxyproline and a
      composition characterized by a substantial number of cysteine residues compared
      to the average protein. Our results suggest that a noncovalent complex of
      structurally distinct glycoproteins is involved in adhesive interactions of
      fibronectin with cells.

PMID- 4055920
TI  - Phosphorylation of a tropomyosin-like (30 KD) protein during platelet activation.
AB  - In this study, we have used the tumor promoter 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13
      acetate (TPA), as well as its biologically inactive analogue 4 alpha-phorbol
      12,13-didecanoate (4 alpha-PDD), to investigate platelet protein phosphorylation
      and its possible correlation with platelet activation. Our data show that TPA,
      but not 4 alpha-PDD, induces a preferential phosphorylation of a 30,000 dalton
      (30 KD) protein. This phosphoprotein is found to be physically associated with an
      actomyosin-containing platelet cytoskeleton complex. Further analysis using both
      standard two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and one-dimensional urea-SDS gel
      electrophoresis reveals that this 30 KD protein has several tropomyosin-like
      properties. Most importantly, the degree of TPA-induced phosphorylation of the 30
      KD protein is directly proportional to the extent of platelet granule release and
      the shape change of the platelet, as well as to the degree of aggregation. We
      speculate that this phosphorylated tropomyosinlike protein may play a pivotal
      role in the regulation of actomyosin-mediated platelet contractility, which has
      been previously implicated in a variety of platelet functions.

PMID- 4055921
TI  - Stoichiometric binding of diacylglycerol to the phorbol ester receptor.
AB  - The major phorbol ester receptor is the Ca++-activated, phospholipid-dependent
      protein kinase C. Diacylglycerol stimulates protein kinase C in a fashion similar
      to the phorbol esters. Likewise, it inhibits phorbol ester binding competitively.
      Both results suggest that diacylglycerol is the/an endogenous phorbol ester
      analogue. Alternatively, the diacylglycerol might simply be acting to modify the
      phospholipid environment of the protein. If diacylglycerol were indeed
      functioning as an analogue, it should interact with the receptor
      stoichiometrically. This interaction can be quantitated by measuring the
      perturbation in apparent diacylglycerol binding affinity as a function of the
      ratio of diacylglycerol to receptor. We report here that 1,2-dioleoylglycerol
      interacts with the receptor with the predicted stoichiometry.

PMID- 4055922
TI  - Vascular endothelial cells in cell-mediated immunity: adoptive transfer with in
      vitro conditioned cells is genetically restricted at the endothelial cell
      barrier.
AB  - Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) is a cell-mediated immune response that can
      be adoptively transferred in rats when greater than 2 X 10(8) cells from
      peritoneal exudate, lymph nodes, or spleen are used. We have shown that by using
      an in vitro conditioning step with antigen, transfer can be subsequently carried
      out with as few as 2 X 10(7) spleen cells. The magnitude of DTH was reflected in
      ear swelling after intradermal injection of antigen [tuberculin or keyhole limpet
      hemocyanin (KLH)] and confirmed histologically. The transfer was antigen
      specific, requiring the sensitizing antigen in both the in vitro conditioning
      step and in the ear test challenge. Adoptive transfer with conditioned cells was
      genetically restricted by alleles of the RT-1 region [major histocompatibility
      complex (MHC) of the rat]. Brown Norway strain (n haplotype) immune cells would
      not transfer DTH to Lewis (1 haplotype), ACI (a haplotype), or Buffalo (b
      haplotype) rats, whereas each strain would transfer DTH to syngeneic recipients.
      Moreover, this pattern of restriction held for all strains when tested in
      reciprocal fashion. In additional experiments, F1 to parental bone marrow
      chimeras were constructed so that bone-marrow-derived cells and non-bone-marrow
      derived cells were of different RT-1 haplotypes. When these chimeras were used as
      recipients, transfer of DTH was only observed when immune donor cells and
      recipient non-bone-marrow-derived cells were syngeneic. These results point to
      the critical role of non-bone-marrow-derived cells (endothelial cells) in the DTH
      reaction.

PMID- 4055923
TI  - Regional brain energy metabolism after complete versus incomplete ischemia in the
      rat in the absence of severe lactic acidosis.
AB  - Levels of energy metabolites were measured in forebrain regions in fasted rats
      subjected to 4-h recirculation after 1 h of either incomplete or complete
      ischemia. Both models of ischemia were produced by a procedure combining
      bilateral common carotid artery occlusion, systemic hypotension, and CSF pressure
      elevation; the degree of intracranial hypertension was varied to produce
      incomplete and complete ischemia. Levels of brain lactate at the end of ischemia
      ranged from 16 to 19 mmol/kg in incomplete ischemia and from 11 to 13 mmol/kg in
      complete ischemia. Energy metabolism recovered evenly in the neocortical and
      subcortical regions with recirculation after incomplete ischemia. The metabolic
      recovery in the cerebral cortex after complete ischemia was similar to that
      observed after incomplete ischemia; however, recovery in the subcortical regions
      after complete ischemia was less extensive, NADH fluorescence remained high, and
      there was a fall in total creatine. Intracellular pH in the dorsal thalamus was
      more alkalotic after complete than incomplete ischemia. Thus, in the absence of
      profound tissue lactic acidosis, residual CBF during prolonged ischemia helps
      postischemic restitution of brain energy metabolism in subcortical regions. The
      pattern of poor recovery in these regions after complete ischemia suggests
      inadequate reperfusion. The decreased total creatine and the severe tissue
      alkalosis may be biochemical markers of advanced tissue injury during reflow.

PMID- 4055924
TI  - Effects of hypoxic hypoxia on cerebral phosphate metabolites and pH in the
      anesthetized infant rabbit.
AB  - The effects of hypoxic hypoxia on high-energy phosphate metabolites and
      intracellular pH (pHi) in the brain of the anesthetized infant rabbit were
      studied in vivo using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Five 10- to 16
      day-old rabbits were anesthetized with 1.5% halothane. Ventilation was controlled
      to maintain normocarbia. Inspired O2 fraction was adjusted to produce three
      states of arterial oxygenation: hyperoxia (PaO2 greater than 250 mm Hg), normoxia
      (PaO2 approximately 100 mm Hg), and hypoxia (PaO2 25-30 mm Hg). During hypoxia,
      blood pressure was kept within 20% of control values with a venous infusion of
      epinephrine. During hyperoxia, the phosphocreatine-to-ATP ratio was 0.86, a value
      that is 2-2.5 times less than that reported for adults. During normoxia, ATP
      decreased by 20% and Pi increased by 90% from hyperoxia values. During 60 min of
      hypoxia, the concentrations of high-energy phosphate metabolites did not change,
      but intracellular and arterial blood pH (pHa) decreased significantly. When
      hyperoxia was reestablished, pHi returned to normal and pHa remained low. These
      results suggest that during periods of hypoxemia, the normotensive infant rabbit
      maintains intracellular concentrations of cerebral high-energy phosphates better
      than has been reported for adult animals.

PMID- 4055925
TI  - Cerebral intracellular changes during supercarbia: an in vivo 31P nuclear
      magnetic resonance study in rats.
AB  - 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used noninvasively to
      measure in vivo changes in intracellular pH and intracellular phosphate
      metabolites in the brains of rats during supercarbia (PaCO2 greater than or equal
      to 400 mm Hg). Five intubated rats were mechanically ventilated with inspired gas
      mixtures containing 70% CO2 and 30% O2. Supercarbia in the rat was observed to
      cause a greater reduction in cerebral intracellular pH (pHi) and increase in PCO2
      than observed in other experiments with rats after 15 min of global ischemia.
      Complete neurologic and metabolic recovery was observed in these animals, despite
      and average decrease in pHi of 0.63 +/- 0.02 pH unit during supercarbia episodes
      that raised PaCO2 to 490 +/- 80 mm Hg. No change was observed in cerebral
      intracellular ATP and only a 25% decrease was detected in phosphocreatine. The
      concentration of free cerebral intracellular ADP, which can be calculated if one
      assumes that the creatine kinase reaction is in equilibrium, decreased to
      approximately one-third of its control value. The calculated threefold decrease
      in the concentration of free ADP and twofold increase in the cytosolic
      phosphorylation potential suggest that there is increased intracellular
      oxygenation during supercarbia. Because a more than fourfold increase in
      intracellular hydrogen ion concentration was tolerated without apparent clinical
      injury, we conclude that so long as adequate tissue oxygenation and perfusion are
      maintained, a severe decrease in intracellular pH need not induce or indicate
      brain injury.

PMID- 4055926
TI  - Effect of leukotrienes, 12-HETE, histamine, bradykinin, and 5-hydroxytryptamine
      on in vivo rabbit cerebral arteriolar diameter.
AB  - To determine the possible role that leukotrienes (LTs) may play in the regulation
      of cerebral blood flow, the responses of cerebral arterioles to LTs and 12
      hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) were studied in vivo in rabbits equipped
      with a cranial window for direct observation of the microcirculation. Topical
      application of LTC4, LTD4, or 12-HETE (1.6 X 10(-9)-3.1 X 10(-6) M) neither
      constricted nor dilated the pial arteries. LTB4 produced only a 5%
      vasoconstriction at 3.0 X 10(-6) M. However, bradykinin induced dose-dependent
      arteriolar vasodilation and histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine induced dose
      dependent arteriolar vasoconstriction. Although some LTs have potent
      vasoconstrictor activity in peripheral tissues and 5-lipoxygenase products have
      been hypothesized to be mediators of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage,
      LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, and 12-HETE apparently are unable to induce significant
      constriction of the cerebral arterioles in the anesthetized rabbit.

PMID- 4055927
TI  - Carotid artery injection technique: bounds for bolus mixing by plasma and by
      brain.
AB  - Estimation of Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters (Km, Vmax) of blood-brain
      barrier (BBB) transport processes with the carotid artery single injection
      technique assumes that mixing of the bolus with unlabeled substrate either from
      (a) circulating plasma or (b) amino acid efflux from brain, is minimal. The
      maximum extent to which the bolus could mix by these two sources is quantified in
      the present studies by measuring 14C-phenylalanine extraction in pentobarbital
      anesthetized and conscious rats after the addition of 0-80% rat serum to the
      arterial injection solution. An upper bound (+/- SE) of bolus mixing due to
      mixing from both sources, expressed in terms of percentage of rat plasma, is 8.8
      +/- 1.9 and 7.0 +/- 2.1% for the anesthetized and conscious rat, respectively.
      The estimated contribution to bolus mixing due to amino acid efflux from brain is
      3.3 and 2.1% for the anesthetized and conscious rat, respectively. Based on these
      estimates, the upper bound for bolus mixing with circulating rat plasma is only
      5.5 and 4.9%, respectively, for the anesthetized and conscious catheterized rat.
      Thus, any bolus mixing after rapid carotid injection is relatively small and is
      comparable to the mixing effects observed with the carotid artery infusion
      technique. Mixing effects on the order of 5% are shown to have no significant
      effect on the estimation of kinetic parameters of BBB nutrient transport, except
      for neutral and basic amino acid transport, which are characterized by very low
      Km values relative to the usual amino acid plasma concentrations.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4055928
TI  - Graphical evaluation of blood-to-brain transfer constants from multiple-time
      uptake data. Generalizations.
AB  - The method of graphical analysis for the evaluation of sequential data (e.g.,
      tissue and blood concentrations over time) in which the test substance is
      irreversibly trapped in the system has been expanded. A simpler derivation of the
      original analysis is presented. General equations are derived that can be used to
      analyze tissue uptake data when the blood-plasma concentration of the test
      substance cannot be easily measured. In addition, general equations are derived
      for situations when trapping of the test substance is incomplete and for a
      combination of these two conditions. These derivations are independent of the
      actual configuration of the compartmental system being analyzed and show what
      information can be obtained for the period when the reversible compartments are
      in effective steady state with the blood. This approach is also shown to result
      in equations with at least one less nonlinear term than those derived from direct
      compartmental analysis. Specific applications of these equations are illustrated
      for a compartmental system with one reversible region (with or without reversible
      binding) and one irreversible region.

PMID- 4055929
TI  - Regional quantitative determination of lactate in brain sections. A
      bioluminescent approach.
AB  - Regional lactate distribution in brain was assessed quantitatively in coronal
      sections using a bioluminescent technique. This bioluminescence can be induced by
      covering freeze-dried and heat-inactivated brain sections with a frozen solution
      containing enzymes and coenzymes both for lactate-dependent NADH formation and
      NADH-dependent bioluminescence, which was recorded photographically.
      Quantification and density coding of bioluminescent images were carried out by
      utilizing the regression coefficients of the correlation between the optical
      density of bioluminescent pictures and the lactate content measured in tissue
      samples. Regional quantitative lactate images were obtained from brain tissue
      taken from brain tumors or after experimental cerebral ischemia.

PMID- 4055930
TI  - Effects of xenon inhalation on cerebral blood flow: relevance to humans of
      reported effects in the rat.

PMID- 4055931
TI  - Glucose use correlations.

PMID- 4055932
TI  - Improved reproducibility and quantitative analysis of phospholipids by flame
      ionization detection.
AB  - Quantitative analysis of phospholipids by flame ionization was improved by
      careful application of samples with a Hamilton syringe and use of a sealed dual
      tank system. Chromarods developed more consistently with reproducible scanning
      times or RF values (coefficient of variation of 1%) and with sharper peaks if
      development was carried out in a sealed dual tank system. The Chromarods were
      placed in the inner tank, which was the standard ground glass topped tank
      furnished with the Iatroscan TH-10 system. This inner tank was placed inside a
      larger thin-layer chromatography tank which was sealed with silicone grease and
      the lid held in place with a lead brick. Both tanks were lined with absorbent
      paper and contained the same solvent system. Biological samples quantified with
      these procedures and measured in amounts between 1 and 30 micrograms had
      coefficients of variation between 0.2 and 6%. An efficient method of completely
      separating neutral lipids from phospholipids and allowing quantitative
      determination of cholesterol is described. Scanning times and RF values of
      various phospholipids are compared to determine the best separation of the major
      phospholipids found in 3T3-L1 and leukocyte membranes.

PMID- 4055933
TI  - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation and mass
      detection of individual phospholipid classes.
AB  - A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for
      the separation of individual classes of phospholipids into subfractions. The
      separation was achieved with isocratic elution using a Nucleosil-5 C18 column and
      a mobile phase consisting of methanol, acetonitrile and water. Three commercial
      C18 packing materials were evaluated before Nucleosil was chosen as the
      stationary phase. The compounds were detected with a combination of an UV
      detector and a light-scattering mass detector, which provided quantitative
      chromatograms reported for the first time. The mass detector also allowed
      location of the most relevant peaks of the UV chromatogram. Phosphatidylcholine
      and phosphatidylethanolamine species from egg, and phosphatidylcholine species
      from rat liver, were resolved into more than 20 peaks. The method can be applied
      to the separation of phospholipids from different biological sources.

PMID- 4055934
TI  - Use of bonded-phase silica sorbents for rapid sampling of impurities in illicit
      amphetamine for high-performance liquid chromatographic analyses.
AB  - A simple and rapid method has been developed for the extraction of impurities
      from illicit amphetamine samples using bonded-phase silica sorbents. The drug is
      dissolved in phosphate buffer (pH 7) and added to a C8 Bond Elut extraction
      column. The column is washed with water, and the impurities are then eluted with
      acetonitrile. The eluate is directly injected into the liquid chromatograph. This
      sample preparation technique has been compared with the traditional liquid-liquid
      extraction method. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the
      impurities is carried out on a reversed-phase C18 column with an acetonitrile
      water gradient as mobile phase. Peaks are monitored by UV detection at 220 and
      254 nm. A series of seized amphetamine samples has been analysed, and the
      procedure gives detailed impurity patterns suitable for the comparison of
      samples. Compounds are identified by absorbance ratios (A220/A254).

PMID- 4055935
TI  - Relative precision in the determination of some structurally-similar O
      pentafluorophenylsulfonylphenols by ultratrace gas chromatography.

PMID- 4055936
TI  - Quantitative gas chromatographic determination of tamoxifen citrate in
      pharmaceuticals.

PMID- 4055937
TI  - International symposium on high-performance liquid chromatography. Kyoto (Japan),
      January 28-30, 1985 and Annual meeting on high-performance liquid chromatography
      of the Japanese Research Group on Automatic Liquid Chromatography. Kyoto(Japan),
      January 31-February 1, 1985.

PMID- 4055938
TI  - Reversed-phase liquid chromatographic investigation of nucleosides and bases in
      mucosa and modified nucleosides in urines from patients with gastrointestinal
      cancer.
AB  - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been used to
      determine the level of nucleic acid metabolites in perchloric acid extracts of
      gastrointestinal mucosa. By comparing the levels of these compounds in the normal
      portion with the levels in the neoplastic portion of mucosa resected from
      patients with malignant cancer, it was found that uracil was significantly
      elevated in the neoplastic colorectal mucosa (adenocarcinoma) of eight patients
      with colorectal cancer (P less than 0.01, statistically significant with the
      paired t test). The mean level of uracil in neoplastic colorectal mucosa was 2.7
      fold higher than that in normal mucosa. However, in neoplastic gastric mucosa,
      only one out of four patients with gastric cancer showed elevated uracil. In
      neoplastic mucosa, the levels of hypoxanthine and uridine for colorectal cancer,
      and inosine for gastric cancer, were also significantly higher than those in
      normal mucosa (P less than 0.05, with the paired t test). The urinary modified
      nucleosides were prefractionated with a boronate affinity gel column, and their
      levels determined by the same HPLC method. No significant differences in the
      concentrations of pseudouridine, 1-methylguanosine, N2-methylguanosine or N2,N2
      dimethylguanosine were observed in pre- and post-operative urines from patients
      with colorectal cancer and normal urines.

PMID- 4055939
TI  - Quantitative deconvolution of heavily fused chromatographic peaks of biological
      components using a multi-wavelength UV detector.
AB  - Quantitative deconvolution of a chromatographic peak with extremely low UV
      absorption (less than 0.005 A.U.) is demonstrated for the analysis of an
      anaesthetic (ketamine) in rabbit serum. One ketamine metabolite, nor-ketamine,
      was deconvoluted from a completely fused peak in the three-dimensional
      chromatogram by using a highly sensitive multi-wavelength UV detector. After
      injection of ketamine, the nor-ketamine level in the serum increased to 3
      micrograms/ml, calculated as ketamine, in 120 min.

PMID- 4055940
TI  - Stoichiometric displacement of solvent by non-polar solutes in reversed-phase
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - This paper proposes a retention model which predicts that the displacement of non
      polar solutes from a reversed-phase chromatographic column is accompanied by the
      adsorption of a stoichiometric number (Z) of solvent molecules. The number of
      solvent molecules involved in this process is a function of both solute and
      solvent contact surface areas. Increasing solute contact surface area would
      increase Z whereas increasing solvent contact surface area would decrease the Z
      value for a specific solute. The experimental observations presented are
      consistent with this model. Further predictions of the model are that (1) plots
      of log k' versus the inverse log of solvent concentration will be non-linear at
      solvent concentrations where the surface of a reversed-phase support is not fully
      solvated, and (2) only a portion of the total non-polar surface area of a
      molecule actually contacts the surface of a reversed-phase support. Non-linearity
      in plots of log k' versus the inverse log of solvent concentration was in fact
      observed at solvent concentrations where solvation of the reversed-phase support
      is incomplete.

PMID- 4055941
TI  - Determination of thiamine and its phosphate esters in human and rat blood by high
      performance liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization.
AB  - A method for the determination of thiamine and thiamine phosphate esters in human
      and rat blood by liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization, and
      distribution of thiamine and its phosphate esters in human and various animals is
      demonstrated. Blood is deproteinized and centrifuged. Aliquots of the samples are
      applied to a mu Bondapak C18 column attached to a high-performance liquid
      chromatograph. Addition of potassium ferricyanide sodium hydroxyide solution to
      the column effluent with a proportioning pump converts thiamine phosphate into
      fluorophores, the intensities of which are measured with a
      spectrofluorophotometer. In human blood, thiamine pyrophosphate was present in
      the greatest concentration, followed by thiamine triphosphate; thiamine
      monophosphate and thiamine were present in small amounts. In rat blood, thiamine
      pyrophosphate was found in the largest amount, followed by thiamine
      monophosphate. Thiamine triphosphate and thiamine were present in small amounts.

PMID- 4055942
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic studies on non-mercapt in equilibrium
      with mercapt conversion of human serum albumin. II.
AB  - High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of human serum albumin
      (HSA) on a GS-520 column with 0.03 M sodium phosphate buffer-0.15 M sodium
      sulphate (pH 6.87) showed three peaks, the principal component corresponding to
      human mercaptalbumin (HMA) and the secondary and tertiary components to
      nonmercaptalbumin (HNA). Using HPLC analysis, the nonmercapt----mercapt
      conversion of HSA during haemodialysis and the mercapt----nonmercapt conversion
      after haemodialysis in chronic renal failure were re-confirmed, indicating that
      HMA is a covalent carrier protein for sulphur-containing amino acids. Fractions
      of HMA in various liver diseases were significantly lower than those of healthy
      male adults.

PMID- 4055943
TI  - Separation of ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, diketogulonic acid and glucose
      by isocratic elution from a column of a hydrophilic gel.
AB  - High-performance liquid chromatography on an Asahipak GS-320 hydrophilic gel
      column with tartrate buffer (0.015 M, pH 3.0) containing 2 mM
      ethylenediaminetetraacetate and 0.05% beta-thiodiglycol as the eluent allowed the
      separation of glucose, diketogulonic acid, dehydroascorbic acid and ascorbic acid
      within 30 min. Fluorimetric monitoring of these compounds in the eluate with
      benzamidine at alkaline pH and at 90 degrees C in the presence of potassium
      sulphite allowed the determination of nanogram amounts of ascorbic acid,
      dehydroascorbic acid and diketogulonic acid. This method was applied to the
      determination of ascorbic acid in fruit juice.

PMID- 4055944
TI  - Ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatographic studies on sulphydryl
      catalysed structural alterations of bovine mercaptalbumin.
AB  - The N-A isomerization (the intramolecular SH/S-S exchange reaction) of bovine
      mercaptalbumin (BMA) in alkaline medium was studied by using ion-exchange high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and moving-boundary electrophoresis.
      Results obtained by ion-exchange HPLC on the N-A isomerization of BMA were
      consistent with those by moving-boundary electrophoresis and showed at least two
      kinds of the A-form, A1 and A2, indicating that the N-A isomerization is a multi
      step reaction. The rate of the N-A isomerization was strongly suppressed in
      [2H]water solution. The suppression by [2H]water might support the current view
      that intra- and intermolecular hydrophobic and/or hydrogen bonds are strengthened
      in [2H]water.

PMID- 4055945
TI  - Estimation of catecholamines by ion-exchange chromatography on Asahipak ES-502C,
      using glycylglycine as the post-derivatizing agent.
AB  - The estimation of catecholamines in human urine was carried out by ion-exchange
      chromatography on a column of a weakly acidic ion exchanger with an hydrophilic
      matrix. The catecholamines were first adsorbed onto Amberlite CG-50 (buffered at
      pH 6.5 with 0.4 M phosphate buffer) and selectively eluted by 0.66 M boric acid
      solution. They were then separated from impurities that responded to fluorometric
      detection by isocratic elution from a column of Asahipak ES-502C, a cross-linked
      vinyl alcohol copolymer with carboxymethyl groups, at 60 degrees C. The mobile
      phase was 0.05 M sodium succinate buffer pH 5.25 containing 0.015 M borate and
      0.5 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetate. Isoproterenol was used as the internal
      standard; epinephrine, norepinephrine, isoproterenol and dopamine were eluted in
      this order. One sample could be analyzed every 35 min. The detection limits were
      0.2 ng for epinephrine and norepinephrine, 0.6 ng for dopamine. The elution
      pattern was quite reproducible; the elution volumes of the catecholamines had not
      changed after 500 determinations.

PMID- 4055946
TI  - Nitrogen-sensitive thermionic detection in microcolumn liquid chromatography.
AB  - The dual-flame thermionic detector for microcolumn liquid chromatography has been
      improved and optimized for nitrogen sensitivity. The total column effluent is
      concentrically nebulized and aspirated directly into an air-hydrogen diffusion
      flame, while detection limits of 1.4 X 10(-11) g nitrogen/sec at the maximum of a
      Gaussian peak are achieved. Detection linearity spans three orders of magnitude.
      An example of the analysis of underivatized barbiturate standards is provided.

PMID- 4055947
TI  - Chromatographic determination of N-acetyl-DL-tryptophan and octanoic acid in
      human albumin solutions.
AB  - Chromatographic procedures have been developed for determination of the
      stabilizers N-acetyl-DL-tryptophan and octanoic acid in human albumin solutions.
      N-Acetyl-DL-tryptophan and the internal standard, N-formyl-DL-tryptophan, were
      separated by liquid chromatography on a reversed-phase column with UV detection
      at 280 nm. Deproteinization and extraction were carried out with methanol. The
      extraction recovery at the level of 4.9 mM was 92.5 +/- 2.5% (S.D.) (n = 10), and
      the average coefficient of variation (C.V.) for replicate analyses of albumin
      solutions (mean = 2.57, 10.44 and 17.10 mM) was 1.10% (n = 27). Octanoic acid was
      determined gas chromatographically as its methyl ester, with nonanoic acid as the
      internal standard. The sample pretreatment included acidification, extraction
      with hexane and derivatization with methanol-sulphuric acid. The relative
      recovery from albumin solutions was 89.7 +/- 5.8% (S.D.) (n = 6), and replicate
      determinations of the compound yielded a C.V. of 5.5% (mean = 14.82 mM, n = 9).

PMID- 4055948
TI  - Determination of dopamine-3- and 4-O-sulphate in human plasma and urine by anion
      exchange high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is reported for the
      determination of dopamine-3- and -4-O-sulphate isomers in human plasma and urine
      using an anion exchanger coupled with post-column hydrolysis and fluorimetric
      detection. Samples of plasma or urine are partially purified on Dowex 1 and Dowex
      50 columns and separated using HPLC. These compounds are then hydrolysed and
      determined automatically by the p-aminobenzoic acid method in a continuous-flow
      reaction system. As the p-aminobenzoic acid method is very specific for dopamine,
      it is also possible to determine the isomers by injecting 5-20 microliter of
      urine or 100-200 microliter of deproteinized plasma directly into the HPLC system
      without clean-up. The detection limit of the method for both isomers is 0.3 pmol.
      In normal subjects, the plasma levels of dopamine-3- and -4-O-sulphate are 26.5
      (S.D. 11.1) and 2.68 (S.D. 0.34) pmol/ml, and their urinary excretion rates are
      1.73 (S.D. 0.56) and 0.27 (S.D. 0.04) nmol/min, respectively. Thus the two
      isomers are present in both plasma and urine and their urinary excretions reflect
      directly their plasma levels.

PMID- 4055949
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of guanidino compounds using
      ninhydrin reagent. II. Guanidino compounds in blood of patients on haemodialysis
      therapy.
AB  - An automated high-performance liquid chromatographic method using alkali
      ninhydrin reagent for the post-column derivatization of guanidines has been
      developed. This procedure was applied to measurements made before and after
      haemodialysis. Among the guanidino compounds found in human blood,
      methylguanidine showed the lowest removal rate. The removal rate of
      guanidinosuccinic acid correlated with the plasma alpha 1-globulin fraction. The
      removal rate of each guanidino compound decreased with the period of dialysis.

PMID- 4055950
TI  - Stability of pyridoxal-5-phosphate semicarbazone: applications in plasma vitamin
      B6 analysis and population surveys of vitamin B6 nutritional status.
AB  - The determination of pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxal (PL) in plasma
      requires the availability of dark room facilities, due to the photosensitivity of
      these vitamin B6 vitamers. The fact that the semicarbazone forms of PL and PLP
      are more strongly fluorescent than the underivatized B6 vitamers has been
      exploited in plasma analyses, but it was not previously realised that these
      semicarbazone forms are also very stable even under conditions that lead to rapid
      decomposition of free PL and PLP. The stabilisation of PLP and PL obtained in
      this manner is sufficient and fully adequate to meet the practical requirements
      of clinical field studies. We report a high-performance liquid chromatographic
      method for plasma PLP and PL determinations based on precolumn semicarbazone
      formation and fluorescence detection. The method is sensitive enough for
      quantitative plasma PLP determinations even in B6-deficient patients.

PMID- 4055951
TI  - Determination of drugs in untreated body fluids by micellar chromatography with
      fluorescence detection.
AB  - Direct serum and urine injection, without sample extraction or protein
      precipitation steps, into a liquid chromatographic system using sodium dodecyl
      sulfate (SDS) with 10% added propanol as the mobile phase, is described for
      measurement of drug levels. The ability of SDS micelles to form soluble protein
      SDS complexes, with no on-column precipitation, provides a simple, rapid method
      for routine determination of quinine, quinidine, propranolol, morphine and
      codeine at concentration levels found in serum and urine following administration
      of therapeutic doses. Absolute limits of detection ranged from 0.2 to 6 ng.
      Variation of the surfactants mobile phase concentration allows control of
      selectivity and analysis time, although a minimum concentration is required to
      prevent protein precipitation. Chromatographic efficiencies are improved by the
      addition of propanol to the micellar mobile phase, and sensitivities improved by
      use of fluorescence detection. The sensitivities are more than adequate for
      therapeutic drug monitoring of concentration ranges normally encountered in serum
      and urine.

PMID- 4055952
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of certain salicylates and
      their major metabolites in plasma following topical administration of a liniment
      to healthy subjects.
AB  - The liniment used is a topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory preparation
      containing two active constituents, 3-phenylpropylsalicylate and ethyl-5
      methoxysalicylate, in solution in isobutyl decanoate. It is known that 3
      phenylpropylsalicylate is metabolised to salicylic acid and salicyluric acid and
      ethyl-5-methoxysalicylate is metabolised to 5-methoxysalicylic acid and gentisic
      acid. In the present study the separation of the salicylates and their
      metabolites was carried out on a Waters mu Bondapak C18 column using two
      different mobile phases, methanol-water (80:20) for the parent drugs and methanol
      5% aqueous acetic acid (27:73) for their metabolites. The salicylates and their
      metabolites were detected by absorption at 310 nm. The limits of detection for
      parent drugs and metabolites were respectively 0.2 and 0.1 microgram/ml in
      plasma, using a 1-ml plasma sample and a 20-microliter injection from a
      reconstituted volume of 250 microliter. Mean percentage coefficients of variation
      for intra-assay and inter-assay precision were between 3.3 +/- 1.9% to 9.1 +/-
      3.7% and 6.8 +/- 2.2% to 15.7 +/- 10.1%, respectively. Linearity, as measured by
      the correlation coefficient of intra-assay linear regression curves, was better
      than 0.998 in all cases.

PMID- 4055953
TI  - Urinary dihydrodiol metabolites of phenytoin: high-performance liquid
      chromatographic assay of diastereomeric composition.
AB  - Diastereomeric dihydrodiol metabolites of phenytoin, (5S)-5-[(3R,4R)-3,4
      dihydroxy-1,5-cyclohexadien-1-yl]-5-phenylh yda ntoin, (S)-DHD, and (5R)-5
      [(3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-1,5-cyclohexadien-1-yl]-5-phenylh yda ntoin, (R)-DHD, have
      been resolved from each other and from urinary constituents with reversed-phase
      HPLC columns and acetonitrile-water gradients. Recoveries of DHD isomers from
      urine averaged 99.1% and it was demonstrated that known mixtures of DHD
      diastereomers added to blank urine were not altered by the assay procedures. The
      relative diastereomeric content of DHD was determined from integration of the
      chromatographic peaks. Assay of urine samples from patients on chronic phenytoin
      therapy and from volunteers indicated that both DHD isomers were present in all
      samples, and stereoselectivity favored the production of (S)-DHD.

PMID- 4055954
TI  - Sub-nanogram analysis of yohimbine and related compounds by high-performance
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - A sensitive (50 pg/ml) method is described for the analysis of yohimbine in blood
      by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The
      chromatographic behaviour of eserine (employed as internal standard), reserpine,
      corynanthine, yohimbinic acid, and yohimbine are examined on a series of reversed
      phase and normal-phase chromatographic columns with methanol-water mobile phases.

PMID- 4055955
TI  - Simultaneous determination of carbamazepine and its epoxide metabolite in plasma
      and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A simple procedure for the simultaneous determination of carbamazepine and its
      major metabolite, carbamazepine epoxide, in plasma and urine is described. The
      assay involves two extractions of the drugs and an internal marker, clonazepam,
      from the alkalinized sample. The extract is evaporated to dryness at 45 degrees C
      and the residue is redissolved in methanol (30 microliters). A 25-microliters
      aliquot is injected into the liquid chromatograph and eluted with acetonitrile
      water (40:60, v/v) on a C18 pre-column linked to a 5-microns C8 reversed-phase
      column. The eluent is detected at 215 nm. The method has been used to investigate
      the steady-state concentrations of carbamazepine and carbamazepine epoxide in the
      plasma and urine of a manic-depressive patient.

PMID- 4055956
TI  - Determination of malotilate and its metabolites in plasma and urine.
AB  - A method for the determination of malotilate (I), the corresponding
      monocarboxylic acid (II) and its decarboxylated product (III) in plasma is
      described. Plasma was extracted with chloroform spiked with internal standard.
      The residue, dissolved in methanol, was chromatographed on a reversed-phase
      column with a mobile phase of 60% acetonitrile and 1% acetic acid in water. The
      sensitivity limit for I, II and III was 50, 25 and 100 ng/ml of plasma,
      respectively. Compound I in the same plasma extract was also analysed by gas
      chromatography--electron-impact mass spectrometry. The base peaks m/z 160 for I
      and m/z 162 for internal standard (IV) were monitored; the sensitivity limit for
      I was 2.5 ng/ml of plasma. The determination of the metabolites of I, II and its
      conjugate (V), and isopropyl-hydrogen malonate (VI) in urine by high-performance
      liquid chromatography is also described. The limit of quantification for VI was
      2.0 micrograms/ml, and the overall coefficient of variation of VI was 4.7%. The
      limit of quantification for II in urine was 0.5 micrograms/ml and that for V was
      1.0 micrograms/ml as total II (II + V). The overall precision of the method was
      satisfactory. The method was used to determine plasma and urine concentrations in
      four dogs orally dosed with 100, 200 or 400 mg of malotilate.

PMID- 4055957
TI  - Fatty acid analysis in phosphatidylethanolamine subclasses of human erythrocyte
      membranes by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4055958
TI  - Estimation of adrenal catecholamines by elevated-temperature liquid
      chromatography with amperometric detection.

PMID- 4055959
TI  - Alkyl boronates as catechol-specific mobile phase pairing agents. Application to
      high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of amines, precursors and
      metabolites in brain tissue.

PMID- 4055960
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic support for the baseline separation of
      all phenylthiohydantoin amino acids.

PMID- 4055961
TI  - Rapid isocratic procedure for the separation of platelet-activating factor from
      phospholipids in human saliva by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4055962
TI  - Purification of the peracetylated glycosphingolipids of the gala series
      (galactosyl- and galabiosylceramides).

PMID- 4055963
TI  - Determination of di- and mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in plasma by gas
      chromatography.

PMID- 4055964
TI  - Rapid gas-liquid chromatographic method for plasma verapamil level determination.

PMID- 4055965
TI  - Quantitative determination of cantharidin in biological materials using capillary
      gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.

PMID- 4055966
TI  - Colchicine quantitation by high-performance liquid chromatography in human plasma
      and urine.

PMID- 4055967
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for methotrexate utilizing a cold
      acetonitrile purification and separation of plasma or cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 4055968
TI  - Determination of benzylpenicillin in plasma and urine by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 4055969
TI  - Determination of trazodone in human plasma by liquid chromatography with
      fluorescence detection.

PMID- 4055970
TI  - Determination of chlorambucil in plasma using reversed-phase high-performance
      liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4055971
TI  - Determination of pindolol in plasma and urine by thin-layer chromatography.

PMID- 4055972
TI  - Simultaneous determination of anticonvulsant drugs and metabolites in plasma by
      high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4055973
TI  - A new physical assay method for tobacco mosaic virus using a radioactive virus
      recovery standard and the first derivative of the ultraviolet absorption
      spectrum.
AB  - A new physical assay method for tobacco mosaic virus is described which
      incorporates two improvements on previous procedures. Losses of up to 75% of
      virus during extraction are corrected by adding a trace of radioactive virus to
      leaf samples before homogenization, and determining percentage recovery of
      radioactivity in final virus preparations. Estimation of virus concentration in
      partially purified preparations is from the first derivative (dA/d lambda) of the
      ultraviolet absorption spectrum, using a pronounced signal from the tryptophan
      fine-structure absorption band at 285-293 nm. This method is highly insensitive
      to ultraviolet-absorbing contaminants, which cause errors and increase variation
      between replicates, when estimation of virus concentration is by normal
      measurement of ultraviolet absorption (A260). The method can be applied to at
      least some other viruses.

PMID- 4055974
TI  - A single-radial haemolysis technique for measurement of antibody to influenza
      virus neuraminidase in equine sera.
AB  - A modified single-radial-haemolysis (SRH) test for measurement of antibody to
      influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) is described. The test requires treatment of
      sheep erythrocytes with butanol to increase sensitivity. In comparative assays,
      SRH was found to be more sensitive than the conventional neuraminidase-inhibition
      test. The SRH test was reproducible, specifically measured antibody to influenza
      NA and was easy to use. SRH antibody responses in ponies vaccinated with bivalent
      equine influenza vaccine were shown to be vaccine dose-related but were lower in
      magnitude and shorter in duration than comparable anti-haemagglutinin responses.

PMID- 4055975
TI  - Plant virus detection using a new form of indirect ELISA.
AB  - A novel form of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been
      devised for the detection of viruses in plants. The method uses protein A in two
      applications to sandwich antibody-antigen-antibody layers. The first applied
      layer of protein A prepares the plate for the coating antibody layer. The second
      layer of protein A is conjugated to the enzyme and detects the second antibody
      layer. The orientation of the IgG induced in the coating layer of antibody
      prevents later unwanted reaction with the conjugated protein A. Using seven
      antisera, protein A sandwich ELISA (PAS-ELISA) detected homologous virus isolates
      in standard dilutions of infected plant homogenates at A405 values which were at
      least one absorbance unit greater than those of healthy controls. The PAS-ELISA
      method was more sensitive than the direct double antibody sandwich form of ELISA
      (DAS-ELISA), e.g. not only were A405 values for homologous reactions greater in
      PAS-ELISA but also an antiserum to a birch isolate of cherry leaf roll virus
      detected four related isolates with the new method against only one with DAS
      ELISA. However, dilution end points for the homologous virus were about the same
      in both methods. In a practical application, PAS-ELISA detected prune dwarf virus
      in 18-36% of tested Prunus avium seeds.

PMID- 4055976
TI  - An evaluation of some factors important for maximising sensitivity of plant virus
      detection by immuno-electron microscopy.
AB  - We report the results of a comparison of the variations to the basic technique
      developed by Derrick and called 'serologically specific electron microscopy' by
      him. We have found that the reaction time of the antibody-coated grid with the
      virus preparation (virus acquisition time) is one of the key factors in
      determining the efficiency of the method at trapping virus particles. The lower
      the virus concentration, the longer the reaction time should be. The use of
      protein A to pretreat the grids before coating with antiserum did not appear to
      be of benefit under our conditions.

PMID- 4055977
TI  - Acute stroke in a metropolitan area, 1970 and 1980. The Minnesota Heart Survey.
AB  - Mortality rates for stroke, and hospitalization and case fatality rates for acute
      stroke in 1970 and 1980 were obtained for residents aged 30-74 of the Twin Cities
      (Minneapolis--St Paul) metropolitan area to determine whether improved hospital
      care contributed to the decline in stroke mortality. Age-adjusted mortality rates
      per 100,000 declined significantly in that decade for men (1970, 89.4; 1980,
      47.5; p less than 0.01) and women (1970, 72.6; 1980, 40.9; p less than 0.01). Age
      adjusted hospitalization rates per 100,000 population also declined significantly
      for men (1970, 438; 1980, 323; p less than 0.01) and women (1970, 331; 1980, 203;
      p less than 0.01). Age-adjusted mean length of hospital stay did not change
      significantly. Hospital case fatality declined for men aged 30-64 years (1970,
      22.5%; 1980, 15.1%; p less than 0.01) but did not change significantly for 65 to
      74 year-old men (1970, 16.5%; 1980, 20.0%; p = 0.09) or for all women (age
      adjusted rates: 1970, 13.6%; 1980, 16.0%; p = 0.17). There was no change in the
      distribution of severity of hospitalized cases between years. Therefore, the
      decline in stroke mortality is consistent with a decreased incidence of stroke
      resulting from improved hypertension control. Improvements in hospital medical
      care appear not to have contributed substantially to the decline in stroke
      mortality.

PMID- 4055978
TI  - Relative observer accuracy for dichotomized variables.
AB  - We suggest that the relative accuracy of several observers of a disease
      manifestation can be assessed by comparing the strength of association between
      their observations and a known cause of that disease. In principle, the observer
      whose findings are most strongly associated with the causal variable has the
      least error. In practice many observations appear binary ("normal" or "abnormal")
      when the underlying distribution of the variable they measure is continuous. For
      this case of a dichotomized variable, several observers may find different
      prevalences of abnormality in the same sample either because their accuracy
      differs or because they use different thresholds above which they regard
      abnormality as present. A comparison of how strongly their observations are
      associated with a causal variable using statistical methods for binary
      observations may lead to incorrect conclusions about the relative accuracy of the
      observers. We suggest and evaluate a method, based on the biserial correlation
      coefficient, for comparing the relative accuracy of several observers who may
      differ in the thresholds they use.

PMID- 4055979
TI  - Primary liquid intake and urinary stone disease.
AB  - This investigation indicates that there are important associations between
      urinary stone disease and a person's primary liquid intake. Based on data
      collected from 2295 caucasian male patients from two geographical regions, the
      Carolinas (both North and South) and the Rockies (including Colorado, Idaho,
      Nevada, Montana, Utah and Wyoming) an important (p less than 0.01) positive
      association was found between urinary stone disease and soda (carbonated
      beverage) consumption within both geographical regions. It was also found that
      negative associations exist between urinary stone disease and both beer
      consumption and coffee consumption in the Rockies and that no important
      associations exist between urinary stone disease and any of milk, water, or tea,
      when these beverages represent a person's primary liquid intake. Moreover, soda
      can be viewed almost synonymously as sugared cola, since few subjects had diet
      sodas or sugared non-cola soda as primary fluid. No cause/effect relationships
      are implied in this paper.

PMID- 4055980
TI  - Methodologic evaluation of incidence rates for hypertension: calculated for
      Pittsburgh's MRFIT usual care men.
AB  - Methodologic limitations in the calculation of incidence rates for hypertension
      and in the assessment of associations between rates of change in attributes and
      the development of hypertension were examined for Pittsburgh's MRFIT Usual Care
      population. In a group of normotensive middle-aged men at high risk for the
      development of coronary heart disease, the incidence of hypertension ranged from
      6.2 to 15.5 per 100 man years, depending on the definition of hypertension. A
      simulation study showed that the magnitude of these incidence rates could be
      explained by random variation in the measurement of blood pressure. Controlling
      for these random effects, the development of hypertension was associated with
      high normal baseline diastolic blood pressure and with a reported past diagnosis
      of hypertension, but not with age or baseline body mass index. Finally, a method,
      estimating the relative risk associating weight gain and the development of
      hypertension, was presented.

PMID- 4055981
TI  - The concept of cause in disease.
AB  - Reinforcement of the concept of cause in the current lexical sense, i.e. as the
      sole prerequisite in the production of a disease, is essential to medical
      progress. Multiple factors participate in disease pathogenesis but distinguishing
      between cause and all contributing, conditional or risk factors is not merely a
      semantic exercise. To proceed otherwise is scientifically inaccurate and should
      be avoided for the sake of logic, clarity and precision in scientific
      communications and education. All non-causative, associated factors should be
      classified according to the specific role each plays in the pathogenesis and
      natural history of disease.

PMID- 4055982
TI  - RU 486 inhibits peripheral effects of glucocorticoids in humans.
AB  - RU 486 [17 beta-hydroxy-11 beta-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)17 alpha-(prop-1
      ynyl)estra-4,9-dien-3-one] is a synthetic steroid receptor antagonist. To
      evaluate the peripheral antiglucocorticoid action of this compound, we
      investigated its ability to antagonize cutaneous steroid-induced
      vasoconstriction. This phenomenon, produced by three different topical steroids
      in six normal men, was consistently and significantly attenuated or abolished by
      oral administration of 6 mg/kg RU 486. This demonstration of a peripheral action
      of RU 486 is important in relation to the potential therapeutic use of this well
      tolerated drug in states of hypercortisolism. It also indicates that the
      cutaneous vasoconstrictor effects of topical steroids are mediated by occupancy
      of glucocorticoid receptors.

PMID- 4055983
TI  - Metabolism of estradiol fatty acid esters in man.
AB  - Fatty acid esters of estradiol coupled at the C-17 position are naturally
      occurring metabolites of estradiol (E2). They have been recovered after
      incubation of E2 with human tissue and identified in human plasma. We
      investigated the primary metabolic transformation of E2, namely C-17 oxidation,
      of two representative fatty acid esters, in five normal subjects (four men and
      one woman), aged 25-55 yr, using a radiometric method. The transfer of tritium
      from the C-17 alpha position to tritium water after iv injection of free E2 was
      compared to that of E2-17 beta-stearate and E2-17 beta-arachidonate. Both esters
      were oxidized at the C-17 position to a greater extent than was free E2. In
      addition, the oxidation of the E2 fatty acid esters proceeded more slowly. Thus,
      the time necessary to reach half the maximal extent of reaction ranged from 30-45
      min for the three E2-17 beta-arachidonate studies and from 2.5-4 h for the five
      E2-17 beta-stearate studies, while that for free E2 was less than 15 min in each
      instance. The disappearance of intact E2-17 beta-stearate from plasma after bolus
      injection was studied in two subjects (one of the five above and one additional
      subject). The t1/2 values calculated for the 0-60 min period were 24 and 16 min.
      The rate of disappearance E2-17 beta-stearate was slower than that of E2. The
      biological activity of E2 esters is thought to reside in their ability to be
      converted, by hydrolysis, to free E2. The E2 esters must undergo hydrolysis
      before the oxidation of free E2 to estrone can proceed. Since the oxidation
      reaction is extremely rapid, studying the rate of oxidation after injection of
      the E2 fatty acid esters provides an index of their in vivo hydrolysis and, thus,
      a measure of their subsequent biological activity as the free hormone. The
      unsaturated arachidonate ester of E2 was oxidized at a faster rate than the
      saturated stearate ester; this implies that the hydrolysis of the arachidonate
      ester was faster. Evidence of continuing oxidation of E2-17 beta-stearate at
      times well after its level in plasma markedly decreased indicates that the ester
      is removed from the circulation before its subsequent hydrolysis and oxidation.
      We conclude that in man, the C-17 oxidation of both E2-17 beta-arachidonate and
      E2-17 beta-stearate proceeds more slowly but to a greater extent than that of the
      free steroid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4055985
TI  - Neuroendocrine effects of M-chlorophenylpiperazine, a serotonin agonist, in
      humans.
AB  - M-Chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) produces effects on the central serotonergic
      system in animals compatible with direct agonist activity on postsynaptic
      serotonin receptors. Although it is a metabolite of the antidepressant trazodone,
      m-CPP has not previously been given to humans. To evaluate the neuroendocrine,
      behavioral, and physiological effects of m-CPP, 15 normal subjects were given 0.5
      mg/kg m-CPP, orally. Administered acutely under double blind, placebo-controlled
      conditions, m-CPP was well tolerated by 14 of the 15 subjects; it produced
      significant increases in plasma PRL and cortisol and in body temperature, without
      changing pulse or blood pressure. The mean (SD) maximal increases over baseline
      for PRL, cortisol and temperature were 13.4 (9.9) ng/ml, 10.1 (6.7)
      micrograms/100 ml, and 0.4 (0.2) C, respectively. A small but significant
      increase in self-rated activation-euphoria and anxiety was noted by some
      subjects, whereas there were no significant effects on ratings of depression,
      dysphoria, altered self-reality, or functional impairment. These results are
      similar to those for other serotonin agonists and, thus, suggest that m-CPP
      merits further study as a pharmacological probe of serotonergic responsivity in
      humans. The results also support the hypothesis that serotonin plays a role in
      the regulation of PRL, cortisol, body temperature, and mood.

PMID- 4055984
TI  - The effects of phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin) on the extrathyroidal turnover of
      thyroxine, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine, and 3',5'
      diiodothyronine in man.
AB  - The extrathyroidal metabolism of T4, T3, rT3, and 3',5'-diiodothyronine (3',5'
      T2) was studied before and after treatment with 350 mg phenytoin (DPH) daily for
      14 days in six hypothyroid patients receiving constant L-T4 replacement. The
      total and free serum concentrations of the four iodothyronines were reduced by
      approximately 30% during DPH treatment, whereas the free fractions in serum were
      unaltered. Concomitantly, serum TSH increased 137% (P less than 0.02). The
      production rate (PR) of T4 decreased 16% (P less than 0.005), indicating
      decreased intestinal absorption (bioavailability) of oral L-T4 during DPH
      treatment. The fractional rate of 5'-deiodination of T4 to T3 increased from 27%
      to 31% (P less than 0.05), whereas the rate of 5-deiodination of T4 to rT3
      decreased from 45% to 25% (P less than 0.05). The urinary excretion of free and
      conjugated T4 was 2.3% of the T4 PR and was unaffected by DPH. Thus, the amount
      of T4 metabolized through nondeiodinative pathways apart from urinary excretion
      increased from 25% to 44% (P less than 0.05). The apparent distribution volume
      (Vd) of T4 increased (P less than 0.05), whereas the pool size was unchanged. The
      PR of T3 did not change during DPH treatment, nor did the mean transit time or
      the cellular clearance. The rT3 PR was reduced by 54% (P less than 0.02) during
      DPH treatment. Concomitantly, the transit time increased 10-fold (P less than
      0.05), whereas Vd and pool size increased 5-fold (P less than 0.01 and P less
      than 0.05, respectively). The turnover of 3',5'-T2, in contrast to that of the
      other iodothyronines, did not change significantly during DPH treatment. T3
      formation from T4 was measured in liver microsomal fractions from rats treated
      for 8 days with DPH and was almost identical to that in untreated animals. The
      data demonstrate that DPH in therapeutic concentrations did not affect serum
      protein binding of the iodothyronines. DPH reduced the intestinal absorption of
      T4 and increased the nondeiodinative metabolism of T4. The resulting decrease in
      total and free serum T4 and T3 was associated with an increase in serum TSH,
      demonstrating reduced negative feedback on the pituitary. Our data do not support
      the assumption that DPH induces increased hepatic deiodinating enzyme
      activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4055986
TI  - Acromegaly: biochemical assessment of cure after long term follow-up of
      transsphenoidal selective adenomectomy.
AB  - This study reports the clinical and biological follow-up 5-11 yr after
      transsphenoidal selective adenomectomy in 25 patients with acromegaly. Eight
      patients had microadenomas, and 17 had macroadenomas. Initial normalization of
      plasma GH levels (basal values, less than 5 ng/ml; glucose-suppressed
      concentrations, less than 2.5 ng/ml) was achieved in all 8 patients with
      microadenomas and in 13 patients with macroadenomas. Of these, 3 patients with
      normal GH levels and dynamics had relapse of GH hypersecretion after intervals
      between 1-6 yr after microadenoma removal. Recurrence of pituitary adenoma was
      documented by surgery in 1 patient and by computed tomographic scanning in 2
      others. Normal basal and glucose-suppressed plasma GH concentrations were
      maintained 7.4 +/- 0.5 (+/- SEM) yr after adenomectomy in 7 patients with
      microadenomas and in all 10 patients with macroadenomas. Thus, 88% of the
      patients with microadenomas and 59% of the patients with macroadenomas were
      cured, and the overall cure rate was 68%. We conclude that recurrence of
      acromegaly after successful surgery may occur late after adenoma removal and that
      it cannot be predicted by normal postoperative GH levels and dynamics. However,
      in view of the overall cure rate, transsphenoidal adenomectomy remains a most
      valuable treatment for acromegaly.

PMID- 4055987
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of melatonin in man: first pass hepatic metabolism.
AB  - Hepatic clearance concepts were applied to existing data on iv and oral
      administration of melatonin to man. A high hepatic extraction ratio was
      calculated, suggesting prominent first pass hepatic metabolism and reduced
      bioavailability for orally administered melatonin. Using clearance parameters and
      previous data, endogenous production rates for melatonin were determined for
      normal individuals and patients with cirrhosis. Normal melatonin production was
      28.8 micrograms/day, while the production rate for cirrhotic patients was 12.3
      micrograms/day. Thus, not only do cirrhotic patients have decreased melatonin
      elimination, as noted in the original report, but they also have decreased daily
      melatonin production.

PMID- 4055988
TI  - Calcium citrate: reduced propensity for the crystallization of calcium oxalate in
      urine resulting from induced hypercalciuria of calcium supplementation.
AB  - The effect of calcium citrate (800 mg calcium/day in 4 divided doses) on urinary
      biochemistry and crystallization of calcium salts was examined in 18 normal
      subjects. During treatment, urinary calcium increased significantly (from 150 +/-
      65 (SD) to 248 +/- 77 mg/day). Urinary citrate rose from 611 +/- 208 to 730 +/-
      225 mg/day, owing largely to the alkali load. The urinary saturation of calcium
      oxalate rose by only 41% during calcium citrate treatment, due mainly to citrate
      complexation of calcium (rather than by 62% without such complexation). Moreover,
      the formation product of calcium oxalate rose during treatment, indicating that
      the enhanced citrate excretion augmented the inhibitor activity against calcium
      oxalate crystallization. Thus, calcium citrate may not be attendant with the risk
      for stone formation usually associated with calcium supplementation.

PMID- 4055989
TI  - Urinary IgA in IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schoenlein purpura.
AB  - To determine the concentrations and molecular forms of urinary IgA in IgA
      nephropathy and Henoch-Schoenlein purpura, we studied 29 patients with these IgA
      associated renal diseases (IgAN). Control groups comprised 10 patients with other
      diverse renal disease and 11 healthy volunteers. Urinary IgA and IgG
      concentrations were higher in IgAN than in either control group and correlated
      positively with the serum creatinine concentration as well as the urinary protein
      excretion (P less than 0.01). However, IgA/IgG ratios did not differ among the
      three groups. Polymeric IgA (p-IgA) in the urine predominated only in normals; in
      IgAN and patients with other renal diseases, monomeric IgA (m-IgA) occurred
      almost exclusively. Serum IgA concentrations were generally normal in IgAN; four
      patients had concentrations greater than 500 mg/dl. Although the fraction of p
      IgA in serum (median, 18%) was increased above normal (5-10%) in 13 of 16 (81%)
      subjects, neither the concentration of IgA or IgG nor the amount of p-IgA
      correlated with the serum creatinine concentration. These data suggest that the
      molecular form and concentration of urinary IgA are not discriminating for IgAN
      and are independent of these characteristics of serum IgA.

PMID- 4055990
TI  - Assessment of class-specific antibodies against denatured DNA in patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - In this retrospective study 103 serum samples from 16 females with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE), obtained during a mean follow-up time of 2 years, were
      investigated for the presence of anti-denatured [single-stranded (ss)] DNA
      antibodies of the IgG, IgM, and IgA classes. The anti-ssDNA antibodies were
      determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the results were
      expressed in three ways: as units derived from a single serum dilution and as two
      parameters, E and A, calculated from the dose-response curve, E being an estimate
      of the effective amount of antibodies and A a function of the reaction constant
      between the antigen and the antibody. The simultaneous occurrence of anti-ssDNA
      antibodies of all three immunoglobulin classes was seen most often in the
      patients with the shortest duration of the disease. Clinically active disease was
      found to correlate with high reaction constants of the IgA anti-ssDNA antibodies.
      There was also an association between the IgA anti-ssDNA antibody levels and the
      presence of nephritis. Great fluctuations in the amounts of effective antibodies
      of the IgG class were seen in seven patients, in six of whom changes in the
      disease activity also were seen. Changes in the disease activity were
      unaccompanied by fluctuations in the IgG anti-ssDNA levels in four patients; two
      of these patients were positive for antibodies against extractable nuclear
      antigens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4055991
TI  - [The prognostic value of eight parameters in the severely head-injured patient].

PMID- 4055992
TI  - [The influence of the characteristics of households on the use of mass health
      examinations in a farming district].

PMID- 4055993
TI  - [An electron microscopic study on the aging process of the lumbar intervertebral
      disc].

PMID- 4055994
TI  - [Studies on axillary lymphography in carcinoma of the breast].

PMID- 4055995
TI  - [A morphological investigation of the thoracic sympathetic trunks and the chain
      ganglia of human fetuses].

PMID- 4055996
TI  - [The study of the early diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy. Electrophysiological
      studies].

PMID- 4055997
TI  - [Diagnostic imagings of cerebrovascular disease].

PMID- 4055998
TI  - [Five cases of cerebellar hemangioblastoma. Electron microscopic study].

PMID- 4055999
TI  - [Isolation of influenza viruses in Thailand during June-August, 1984].

PMID- 4056000
TI  - Measurement of amikacin in serum by a latex agglutination inhibition test.
AB  - Levels of amikacin in serum were determined in 106 serum specimens by a latex
      agglutination inhibition card test and by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Linear
      regression analysis demonstrated a high degree of correlation between the two
      assays (latex = 0.95 (RIA) + 0.69; r = 0.97). Assay of three control sera
      containing 7.5, 15, and 30 micrograms of amikacin per ml on 7 separate days
      showed good reproducibility with a coefficient of variation of 0 to 11.7% for the
      latex assay compared with 7.01 to 22.2% for RIA. Recovery of amikacin in spiked
      sera varied between 93 and 108% for the latex assay compared with 90 and 100% for
      RIA. Because the procedure involves a titer, the latex agglutination inhibition
      card test produces results which are categorized rather than results which are
      continuous. However, it is a rapid and specific method for determining amikacin
      levels in clinical specimens and is particularly useful when processing small
      numbers of specimens.

PMID- 4056001
TI  - Evaluation of a new method for routine in vitro cultivation of Giardia lamblia
      from human duodenal fluid.
AB  - Although a method for in vitro cultivation of Giardia lamblia was described as
      early as 1927, only a few clinical isolates were cultured in vitro due to the
      complexity of the techniques. We developed a method which allows for the routine
      isolation of Giardia trophozoites from human duodenal fluid and maintenance of
      the organisms in axenic culture. This study evaluates the method in 198 patients.
      Seventeen strains of Giardia were isolated and cultivated axenically. The method
      was more sensitive than the microscopic examination of aspirated fluid and
      examination of an impression of mucosal biopsy. Five patients, however, excreted
      cysts in the stool, although no trophozoites could be demonstrated in the
      duodenal fluid. G. lamblia were cultivated from one patient who did not excrete
      cysts. The method will enable the collection of G. lamblia strains from clinical
      material in large numbers and can offer an important advance in epidemiological,
      biochemical, immunological, and therapeutic investigations of giardiasis.

PMID- 4056002
TI  - Attenuation of wild-type human influenza A virus by acquisition of the PA
      polymerase and matrix protein genes of influenza A/Ann Arbor/6/60 cold-adapted
      donor virus.
AB  - Wild-type influenza A viruses can be attenuated for humans by the acquisition of
      genes from the A/Ann Arbor/6/60 cold-adapted (ca) donor virus. Six-gene
      reassortants, that is, viruses containing the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
      surface glycoprotein genes of the wild-type virus and the six remaining RNA
      segments of the ca donor virus, are consistently attenuated for humans. During
      the production of a six-gene reassortant virus containing the surface
      glycoproteins of the A/Washington/897/80 (H3N2) wild-type virus, a reassortant
      virus was isolated that contained RNA segments 3 (coding for the polymerase PA
      protein) and 7 (coding for matrix [M] proteins) from the ca parent and all other
      genes from the wild-type virus. This reassortant virus is referred to as a two
      gene reassortant. Because the gene or set of genes responsible for the
      attenuation of ca reassortant viruses has not been defined, we evaluated the two
      gene reassortant for level of replication and level of virulence in ferrets and
      in humans, and we compared its characteristics to those of a six-gene reassortant
      virus derived from the same two parents. The two-gene reassortant virus infected
      each of 14 adult seronegative (serum hemagglutination inhibition titer of less
      than or equal to 1:8) volunteers when administered intranasally at a dose of
      10(7) 50% tissue culture infectious doses, yet it did not produce illness. The
      level of replication of the two-gene reassortant virus in the upper respiratory
      tract was equivalent to that of the six-gene reassortant virus. This demonstrates
      that transfer of the A/Ann Arbor/6/60 ca PA polymerase and M genes is sufficient
      to confer the attenuation phenotype on wild-type influenza A viruses. In the
      context of previous observations, these results suggest that the A/Ann Arbor/6/60
      ca donor virus PA polymerase gene plays a major role in the attenuation of ca
      reassortant viruses.

PMID- 4056003
TI  - Comparison of API 20E, API rapid E, and API rapid NFT for identification of
      members of the family Vibrionaceae.
AB  - Sixty isolates, from nine species of the family Vibrionaceae, were tested by the
      API 20E, API Rapid E, and API Rapid NFT systems. Results were compared with those
      obtained with standard biochemicals. Included were 7 Aeromonas caviae isolates,
      27 Aeromonas hydrophilia isolates, 10 Aeromonas sobria isolates, 3 Plesiomonas
      shigelloides isolates, 3 Vibrio alginolyticus isolates, 3 Vibrio cholerae
      isolates, 1 Vibrio fluvialis isolate, 5 Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates, and 1
      Vibrio vulnificus isolate. The API 20E correctly identified all the isolates
      within 24 h. The API Rapid E correctly identified only 77%, misidentified 8%, and
      failed to identify 2% of the isolates in 4 h. The remaining 13% of the isolates
      gave a low selectivity identification, with one of the choices being correct. The
      API Rapid NFT correctly identified 87%, misidentified 5%, gave a low selectivity
      identification for 8% of the isolates, and in some instances, required up to 48 h
      of incubation. The API 20E is a valid system for use in the identification of the
      more commonly occurring members of the family Vibrionaceae and the most accurate
      and efficient of the three systems tested.

PMID- 4056004
TI  - Evaluation of Mycotrim-GU for isolation of Mycoplasma species and Ureaplasma
      urealyticum.
AB  - The Mycotrim-GU (Hana Biologics, Berkeley, Calif.) biphasic culture system and a
      conventional system were compared for their ability to detect Ureaplasma
      urealyticum and Mycoplasma species in 100 clinical specimens. Both systems
      detected 18 Mycoplasma spp. isolates. The average colony detection time was 1.9
      days with the Mycotrim-GU and 2.3 days with the conventional system. The Mycotrim
      GU agar detected all 33 U. urealyticum isolates recovered in the study, and the
      conventional agar detected 31. In addition to the U. urealyticum isolates
      recovered from the agar, there were several specimens that, although they did not
      grow colonies on the agar, gave an alkaline broth change. Of these specimens, two
      were found with the conventional system and seven were found with the Mycotrim
      GU. The average detection time of U. urealyticum colonies was 2.0 days for the
      conventional agar and 1.7 days for the Mycotrim-GU. The Mycotrim-GU offers
      several advantages over the conventional system: it is commercially available,
      consists of a one-flask system which is ready to use, has a significantly longer
      shelf life, and is cost competitive. This study showed the Mycotrim-GU to be an
      effective system for detecting the genital mycoplasmas.

PMID- 4056005
TI  - Evaluation of the BIOGRAM antimicrobial susceptibility test system.
AB  - BIOGRAM is an antimicrobial susceptibility test system for the determination of
      MICs from the standard disk diffusion test zone diameters. The system was
      challenged with 511 recent clinical isolates of members of the family
      Enterobacteriaceae, nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria, staphylococci, and
      enterococci. Results were compared with those obtained with the broth
      microdilution method. Appropriate control organisms were included with each test
      series. A total of 10,085 organism-drug combinations were evaluated. BIOGRAM
      demonstrated an overall correlation of 95.9% with the reference broth
      microdilution method.

PMID- 4056006
TI  - Bacteroides gracilis, an important anaerobic bacterial pathogen.
AB  - Clinical isolates of agar-pitting, formate-fumarate-requiring, anaerobic gram
      negative bacilli were recharacterized in consideration of the species
      descriptions of Bacteroides ureolyticus and the newly described B. gracilis,
      Campylobacter concisus, and Wolinella sp. During an 11-year period, 7.5% (101 of
      1,341) of all specimens yielding anaerobes were found to contain an organism in
      this group. Of the 71 isolates that were available for study, 43 were B.
      ureolyticus, 23 were B. gracilis, and 5 were in the Wolinella-C. concisus group.
      The role in infection and patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility for B.
      ureolyticus and B. gracilis were studied. Review of the clinical data indicated
      that 83% of B. gracilis strains were recovered from patients with serious
      visceral or head and neck infection, whereas 73% of B. ureolyticus isolates were
      recovered from superficial soft-tissue or bone infections. The strains of B.
      ureolyticus were uniformly susceptible to the tested antimicrobial agents. B.
      gracilis, however, showed some striking resistance, with penicillin active
      against only 67% and the cephalosporins active against 67 to 84% of the isolates
      tested. The association of B. gracilis with serious deep-tissue infection,
      coupled with the relatively high frequency of antibiotic resistance, indicates
      that it is an important, previously unrecognized, pathogen.

PMID- 4056007
TI  - Determination of antibodies to pneumococcal C polysaccharide in patients with
      community-acquired pneumonia.
AB  - The pneumococcal C polysaccharide (PnC) is species specific and believed to be a
      cell wall component of all capsular types. Antibodies against PnC in human sera
      have been demonstrated previously, but the question of whether a rise in these
      antibodies occurs during pneumococcal infections has not been investigated. We
      used an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the estimation of
      PnC antibodies in 124 hospital-treated patients with pneumonia. In 3 of 6
      patients with pneumococcal bacteremia and in 17 of 44 patients with S. pneumoniae
      isolated in the blood, sputum, or nasopharynx, a significant rise in antibody
      levels was recorded, accounting for a sensitivity of 38.6%. Of 35 patients with
      pneumonia of other known or suspected etiology, 1 gave a positive result,
      corresponding to a specificity of 97.1%. In addition, 3 of 8 patients with PnC
      antigen in the sputum as the only etiological finding and 5 of 37 patients with
      unknown etiology gave positive results. The PnC antibodies did not seem to have
      any protective capacity against pneumonia caused by pneumococci. The ELISA, in
      which only one antigen preparation was used, was more simple than other tests in
      which traditional capsular antigen preparations are used. It might therefore be
      used as a supplemental method in the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. The
      problems involved in expressing serum titers obtained with the ELISA are
      discussed.

PMID- 4056008
TI  - Variable phenotypes of Providencia stuartii due to plasmid-encoded traits.
AB  - Weekly urine specimens from 51 long-term catheterized patients yielded 699
      isolates of Providencia stuartii. Urease-positive strains represented 23.7% (166)
      of the isolates, sucrose-positive strains represented 24.5% (171), and lactose
      utilizing strains represented 0.7% (5). Urease and sucrose traits were
      transferred by conjugation to Escherichia coli via an 82-kilobase plasmid;
      lactose fermentation was transferred by a 150-kilobase plasmid.

PMID- 4056009
TI  - Cephalothin susceptibility as a potential marker for the Aeromonas sobria group.
AB  - Fifty-four motile Aeromonas strains, composing the three currently recognizable
      species, were tested for susceptibility to cephalothin by broth dilution and disk
      agar diffusion assays. Cephalothin susceptibility was significantly associated
      with Aeromonas sobria (P less than 0.001) and may be an additional phenotypic
      marker useful in the identification of this species.

PMID- 4056010
TI  - New cause for false-positive results with the cryptococcal antigen test by latex
      agglutination.
AB  - The highly specific and sensitive latex agglutination test for cryptococcal
      antigen detection in cerebrospinal fluid is routine in many hospitals.
      Contamination of cerebrospinal fluid by a minute amount of syneresis fluid
      (surface condensation) from agar gave a strongly positive reaction which was heat
      stable, was not eliminated by pronase treatment, and was not detected by the
      normal rabbit globulin controls. These observations were valid for three
      commercially available test kits and could represent a preventable cause of some
      unexplained false-positive tests despite the use of adequate controls.

PMID- 4056011
TI  - Frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis as the cause of pharyngitis.
AB  - We evaluated the incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis as the etiologic agent of
      uncomplicated pharyngitis by the cell culture procedure recommended by the
      Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga., and by the MicroTrak direct
      immunofluorescent stain (Syva Co., Palo Alto, Calif.) for elementary bodies on
      throat swabs collected from 126 symptomatic patients. Of the 126 cultures, 8%
      were positive for group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Of 126 chlamydia cultures,
      none was positive. The MicroTrak test gave one borderline positive result. In
      contrast to a previously published report that C. trachomatis is the most
      frequent nonviral cause of adult pharyngitis (A. L. Komaroff, M. D. Aronson, T.
      M. Pass, C. T. Ervin, and W. T. Branch, Jr., Science 222:927-929, 1983), our data
      indicated an infection rate of less than 1%.

PMID- 4056012
TI  - Serum bactericidal activity against Legionella pneumophila.
AB  - Two strains of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (UH1 and RH1) were incubated in
      fresh human serum. The UH1 strain was serum resistant, whereas the RH1 strain was
      serum susceptible. The bactericidal activity of fresh serum was abrogated by
      heating. Serum resistance of L. pneumophila strains may correlate with increased
      virulence.

PMID- 4056013
TI  - Survey of neuraminidase production by Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium
      beijerinckii, and Clostridium difficile strains from clinical and nonclinical
      sources.
AB  - Neuraminidase production was investigated in 57 Clostridium butyricum strains, 16
      Clostridium beijerinckii strains, and 25 Clostridium difficile strains.
      Neuraminidase activity was found only in C. butyricum strains originating from
      one human newborn with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, two newborns with
      hemorrhagic colitis, one infected placenta, and one adult with peritonitis, It
      was concluded that neuraminidase was not a major virulence factor in C. butyricum
      strains.

PMID- 4056014
TI  - Evaluation of a simple method for growing Mycobacterium haemophilum.
AB  - Surface paper strips containing hemin (X factor) were tested on Middlebrook 7H10
      agar and Lowenstein-Jensen medium to determine if the growth requirement of
      Mycobacterium haemophilum for iron-containing complexes could be met by this
      simplified method. One reference strain and seven strains of this species
      isolated from patients showed good growth around the strips on 7H10 within 2
      weeks but failed to grow on Lowenstein-Jensen medium with X-factor strips.
      Middlebrook 7H10 medium with X-factor strips may be a useful alternative to the
      preparation of specialized media for the recovery of M. haemophilum from clinical
      specimens.

PMID- 4056015
TI  - Media for the isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila.
AB  - Isolation rates of Aeromonas hydrophila from stool samples of symptomatic and
      asymptomatic individuals were examined for several common enteric media. Sheep
      blood agar with 10 micrograms of ampicillin per ml, preceded by overnight
      enrichment in alkaline peptone water, yielded 2.6 times the number of isolates as
      the other media examined and is recommended for the isolation of A. hydrophila
      from humans.

PMID- 4056016
TI  - An introduction to the basic concepts of polarity and localization.

PMID- 4056017
TI  - Further thoughts on polarity, montages, and localization.

PMID- 4056018
TI  - Somatosensory evoked potentials: a quest for relevance.

PMID- 4056019
TI  - Classification of the epilepsies.
AB  - We review the development of the classification of the epilepsies. Primary
      epilepsies are relatively benign, usually age-limited syndromes without clinical
      or radiologic evidence of brain lesions, and are related to a heritable
      constitutional predisposition to epilepsy. They usually respond well to
      antiepileptic drugs. The biochemical correlates of primary generalized epilepsy
      have been demonstrated in animals and man and have been related to diffuse
      cortical hyperexcitability, which has been linked to this disorder. The
      pathophysiology of the primary partial or focal epilepsies is poorly understood
      but does not appear to depend on focal brain lesions. We suggest that these are
      due to relatively localized areas of cortical hyperexcitability confined to
      isolated corticothalamic sectors and depend on interrelations between a
      constitutional cortical hyperexcitability and normal cortical maturation. The
      secondary epilepsies are associated with clinical and radiologic evidence of
      brain lesions and are often resistant to anticonvulsants. Secondary generalized
      epilepsies, with an associated diffuse encephalopathy, are typified by the Lennox
      Gastaut syndrome. The presentation of the secondary partial epilepsies depends on
      the site of the lesion. The pathogenesis of epilepsy is multifactorial, and a
      preexisting constitutional predisposition can interact with an acquired diffuse
      or focal encephalopathy, facilitating the clinical expression of one or the
      other.

PMID- 4056020
TI  - Neuronal generators and the problem of localization in electroencephalography:
      application of volume conductor theory to electroencephalography.

PMID- 4056021
TI  - Optimizing stimulating and recording parameters in somatosensory evoked potential
      studies.
AB  - Methods to increase the signal:noise ratio of evoked potentials are reviewed,
      dividing them into three groups: (1) increasing the number of stimuli averaged;
      (2) decreasing the noise (muscle relaxation, filters, intermittent artifact
      reject methods); and (3) increasing the amplitude of the signal (stimulus
      intensity, nerves stimulated, bilateral versus unilateral stimulation, stimulus
      modality, and montage). Examples of these different methods applied to recording
      of somatosensory evoked potentials are given, and it is concluded that, for
      optimal recording of somatosensory evoked potentials, a combination of all these
      methods should be used.

PMID- 4056022
TI  - Ambulatory cassette EEG.
AB  - The neurophysiologic evaluation of patients with possible or proven paroxysmal
      disorders is no longer limited to routine laboratory EEGs or intensive inpatient
      monitoring. Expanded temporal sampling of the EEG, which increases the
      probability of documenting, characterizing, and quantitating the electrographic
      manifestations of these illnesses, is now available on a portable, outpatient,
      and less cumbersome inpatient basis by means of ambulatory cassette recordings.
      Ambulatory EEG has evolved from clinical need and from new technology that has
      provided small multichannel tape recorders, miniature preamplifiers, and rapid
      video/audio playback units. Clinical series and controlled trials have confirmed
      the usefulness of cassette EEG monitoring in a wide range of neurologic
      disorders, particularly epilepsy. Ambulatory EEG diagnostic yields have been
      shown to be superior to routine laboratory studies and nearly as good as
      inpatient telemetry evaluations. The role of cassette recordings in clinical EEG
      is being redefined as new applications are established.

PMID- 4056023
TI  - American Electroencephalographic Society guidelines for long-term neurodiagnostic
      monitoring in epilepsy.

PMID- 4056024
TI  - Alcohol policy and the nation's youth.

PMID- 4056025
TI  - Health policy and the quality of the evidence: introduction.

PMID- 4056026
TI  - Public health policy and the quality of epidemiological evidence: how good is
      good enough?

PMID- 4056027
TI  - Decision-making under uncertainty in the setting of environmental health
      regulations.

PMID- 4056028
TI  - The politics of public health decision making.

PMID- 4056029
TI  - The fire-safe cigarette campaign.

PMID- 4056030
TI  - The health effects of agricultural production: I. The health of agricultural
      workers.

PMID- 4056031
TI  - Driving behavior of licensed and unlicensed teenagers.

PMID- 4056032
TI  - The future of the physician scientist. Presidential address delivered before the
      76th annual meeting of the American Society for Clinical Investigation,
      Washington, DC, 4 May 1985.

PMID- 4056033
TI  - Postnatal development of alveoli. Regulation and evidence for a critical period
      in rats.
AB  - In many species, including humans, pulmonary alveoli are formed after birth by
      septal subdivision of the large gas-exchange saccules present at birth. In rats
      septation occurs mainly between the 4th and 14th postnatal days (Burri, P. H.
      1974. Anat. Rec. 180:77-98), but little is known about the regulation of this
      process. We found that dexamethasone (0.1 micrograms daily) given to rats from
      age 4 to 13 d markedly impaired saccule septation to at least age 60 d and also
      diminished the extent of the increase of alveolar surface area (Sa). Underfeeding
      from birth to age 14 d did not diminish saccule septation but did result in
      diminished Sa. We conclude dexamethasone-treated rats have a critical period
      during which the gas-exchange saccules present at birth must be subdivided. Since
      Sa increased in dexamethasone-treated rats without a change in alveolar size,
      and, the enlargement of Sa was diminished in underfed rat pups without a deficit
      of saccule septation, we postulate new alveoli were formed by means other than
      septation of the large gas-exchange saccules present at birth. Furthermore, these
      various means of forming alveoli, and hence of increasing Sa, were differently
      regulated: dexamethasone decreased the enlargement of Sa brought about by both
      septation of the gas-exchange saccules present at birth and by other, as yet
      unidentified, means of forming alveoli; underfeeding did not diminish Sa
      increases produced by saccule septation but did decrease the extent of Sa
      enlargement due to the other means of forming alveoli.

PMID- 4056034
TI  - Active and passive components of chloride transport in the rat proximal
      convoluted tubule.
AB  - Rat proximal convoluted tubules were perfused in vivo to examine the active and
      passive components of chloride absorption. Chloride flux was a linear function of
      the transepithelial electrochemical driving force, yielding a permeability
      coefficient of 20.6 X 10(-5) cm/s. In the absence of an electrochemical driving
      force, chloride absorption persisted at the rate of 131 peq/mm X min, thus
      demonstrating active absorption of chloride. Addition of luminal cyanide to
      tubules absorbing chloride inhibited net chloride absorption. In tubules perfused
      with a low luminal chloride concentration in which there was net chloride
      secretion, addition of luminal cyanide increased the magnitude of net chloride
      secretion. These studies demonstrate that transepithelial chloride transport
      involves two components: a passive paracellular flux and an active transcellular
      flux. Cyanide affects net chloride flux by inhibiting active transcellular
      chloride absorption.

PMID- 4056036
TI  - Primary structures of three human neutrophil defensins.
AB  - The primary structures of three human neutrophil antimicrobial peptides (HNP)
      were determined. The peptides, HNP-1, HNP-2, and HNP-3, which we have termed
      defensins, were rich in cystine, arginine, and aromatic residues, but were devoid
      of free sulfhydryl groups and carbohydrate moieties. They were 29-30 residues in
      length and identical in sequence in all but their amino terminal residues. The
      defensins were homologous in sequence to peptides of similar size and biological
      activity previously purified from rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but
      unrelated to other neutrophil proteins of known sequence. 11 amino acid residues
      of the human defensins, including all six cysteinyl residues, were invariantly
      conserved in the six rabbit members of this multigene peptide family. That
      similarly structured antimicrobial peptides are present in both rabbit and human
      leukocytes supports their purported role as cidal agents in phagocyte-mediated
      host defense.

PMID- 4056035
TI  - Macrophage-induced glomerular fibrin deposition in experimental
      glomerulonephritis in the rabbit.
AB  - Glomerular fibrin deposition is important in the pathogenesis of renal failure
      and crescent formation in glomerulonephritis. The mechanisms of glomerular fibrin
      deposition are unknown. The current studies explored the role of macrophages in
      this process. Methods were developed for measuring glomerular fibrin deposition
      and glomerular procoagulant activity in a passive model of the autologous phase
      of antiglomerular basement membrane antibody-induced glomerulonephritis in
      rabbits. Significant fibrin deposition was observed to be associated with
      glomerular macrophage accumulation. Leukocyte ablation with mustine hydrochloride
      prevented both glomerular macrophage accumulation and fibrin deposition without
      affecting the coagulation system or the deposition of disease-inducing antibodies
      and complement. Repletion with mononuclear inflammatory cells produced
      significant fibrin deposition. To examine the role of tissue injury per se in
      glomerular fibrin deposition, a macrophage-independent model of glomerular injury
      (heterologous phase glomerulonephritis) was also studied. Although a similar
      degree of glomerular injury occurred, there was no significant fibrin deposition.
      This suggests that macrophages, rather than injury alone, are responsible for
      fibrin deposition. Lysates of isolated glomeruli containing macrophages
      demonstrated greatly enhanced procoagulant activity compared with lysates of
      glomeruli without macrophages. Thus macrophages appear to be directly responsible
      for glomerular fibrin deposition in antiglomerular basement membrane antibody
      induced glomerulonephritis, and this appears to be due to their ability to
      express procoagulant activity rather than their propensity to cause glomerular
      injury.

PMID- 4056037
TI  - Urine glycoprotein crystal growth inhibitors. Evidence for a molecular
      abnormality in calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.
AB  - One reason that some people are prone to calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis is that
      they produce urine that is subnormal in its ability to inhibit the growth of
      calcium oxalate crystals. We have identified in human urine a glycoprotein (GCI)
      that inhibits calcium oxalate crystal growth strongly, and at low concentrations
      (10(-7) M); in this study, we have isolated GCI molecules from the urine of
      normal people and patients with calcium oxalate stones. GCI from stone formers is
      abnormal in three ways: it contains no detectable gamma-carboxyglutamic acid
      (Gla), whereas normal GCI contains 2-3 residues of Gla per mole; about half of
      the GCI in urine of patients inhibits crystal growth 4-20 times less than normal
      GCI as judged by its performance in a kinetic growth assay, in vitro; at the air
      water interface, patient GCI has a film collapse pressure approximately half of
      normal. GCI molecules from the urine of patients with calcium oxalate
      nephrolithiasis are intrinsically abnormal, and these abnormalities could play a
      role in the genesis of stones.

PMID- 4056038
TI  - Efficient clearance of non-transferrin-bound iron by rat liver. Implications for
      hepatic iron loading in iron overload states.
AB  - In hemochromatosis and other disorders associated with iron overload, a
      significant fraction of the total iron in plasma circulates in the form of low
      molecular weight complexes not bound to transferrin. Efficient and unregulated
      clearance of this form of iron by the liver may account for the hepatic iron
      loading and toxicity that characterize these diseases. We tested this possibility
      by examining the hepatic removal process for representative iron complexes in the
      single-pass perfused rat liver. Hepatic uptake of both ferrous and ferric 55Fe
      from ultrafiltered human serum was found to be highly efficient and effectively
      irreversible (single-pass extraction of 1 microM iron, 58-75%). Similar high
      efficiencies were seen for iron complexed to specific physiologic and
      nonphysiologic coordinators, including histidine, citrate, fructose, oxalate and
      glutamate, and tricine. Because of lower plasma flow rates, single-pass
      extraction of these iron complexes in vivo should be even greater.
      Autoradiography confirmed that most iron had been removed by parenchymal cells.
      Hepatic removal from Krebs-tricine buffer was saturable with similar kinetic
      parameters for ferrous and ferric iron (apparent Km, 14-22 microM; V max, 24-38
      nmol min-1 g liver-1). These findings suggest that high levels of non-transferrin
      bound iron in plasma may be an important cause of hepatic iron loading in iron
      overload states.

PMID- 4056039
TI  - A circulating myocardial depressant substance in humans with septic shock. Septic
      shock patients with a reduced ejection fraction have a circulating factor that
      depresses in vitro myocardial cell performance.
AB  - We have previously described a subpopulation of patients with septic shock who
      had a reversible depression of radionuclide-determined left ventricular ejection
      fraction (EF). To investigate the mechanism of this myocardial depression, an in
      vitro model of mammalian myocardial cell performance was established employing
      primary spontaneously beating rat myocardial cells. The contraction of a single
      cardiac cell was quantitated by recording the changes in area occupied by the
      cell during contraction and relaxation. In 20 septic shock patients during the
      acute phase, the mean left ventricular EF was decreased (mean = 0.33, normal mean
      = 0.50), and serum obtained during this acute phase induced a mean (+/- standard
      error of the mean) 33 +/- 4% decrease in extent and 25 +/- 4% decrease in
      velocity of myocardial cell shortening during contraction (P less than 0.001). In
      contrast, serum obtained from 11 of these same patients before shock (n = 2) or
      after recovery (n = 9) of the left ventricular EF (mean = 0.50) showed a return
      toward normal in extent and velocity of shortening (P less than 0.001). Sera from
      17 critically ill nonseptic patients, from 10 patients with structural heart
      disease as a cause for a depressed EF, and from 12 healthy laboratory personnel,
      induced no significant changes in in vitro myocardial cell performance. In 20
      patients during the acute phase of septic shock, the decreased EF in vivo
      demonstrated a significant correlation (r = +0.52, P less than 0.01) with a
      decrease in the extent of myocardial cell shortening in vitro. The quantitative
      and temporal correlation between the decreased left ventricular EF and this serum
      myocardial depressant substance argues for a pathophysiologic role for this
      depressant substance in producing the reversible cardiomyopathy seen during
      septic shock in humans.

PMID- 4056040
TI  - Electrophysiologic mechanisms of functional bundle branch block at onset of
      induced orthodromic tachycardia in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Role of
      stimulation method.
AB  - The mechanisms of aberrant conduction at the onset of induced orthodromic
      tachycardia in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome were analyzed in 20 consecutive
      patients in whom this tachycardia was initiated by the atrial (A2) and/or right
      ventricular (V2) extrastimulus techniques. Of 13 patients in whom orthodromic
      tachycardia was induced by the A2 method, functional right bundle branch block
      occurred at tachycardia onset in four (31%) and left bundle aberrancy in two
      (15%), one of whom also manifested right bundle aberrancy. The occurrence of
      bundle branch block at the onset of tachycardia was linked to aberrant conduction
      of the initiating A2 impulse which, in turn, was associated with attainment of
      relatively short His1His2 intervals within the tachycardia initiation zone.
      Aberrant conduction of A2 was also more common in patients without manifest
      preexcitation. In contrast, of 14 patients in whom orthodromic tachycardia was
      induced by the V2 method, left bundle aberrancy occurred at the onset of
      tachycardia in 11 (79%), one of whom manifested right bundle branch block as
      well. Left bundle aberrancy was more likely to occur when the interval from the
      initiating V2 (or macro-reentrant V3) impulse to the first anterograde His
      deflection was less than 300 ms. This suggests that left bundle aberrancy at the
      onset of orthodromic tachycardia induced by the V2 method results from concealed
      retrograde penetration of the His-Purkinje system, with the left bundle being
      last to recover. Our findings provide the conceptual basis for a physiologic
      approach to the deliberate induction of specific types of aberrant conduction at
      onset of orthodromic tachycardia in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

PMID- 4056041
TI  - In vivo stimulation of sugar uptake in rat thymocytes. An extranuclear action of
      3,5,3'-triiodothyronine.
AB  - In previous studies we have demonstrated that 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) in
      vitro produces a prompt increase in the uptake of the sugar analogue 2
      deoxyglucose (2-DG) by freshly isolated rat thymocytes. This effect is prompt,
      being evident at 20 min after addition of T3, is independent of new protein
      synthesis, and can be elicited by physiologic concentrations of the hormone. In
      the present studies, we have sought to determine whether physiologic doses of T3
      are capable of inducing an increase in 2-DG uptake in the thymocytes of the
      living animal. Therefore, 26-28-d-old female rats were injected with increasing
      doses of i.v. T3, followed 60 min later by 3H-labeled 2-DG. 30 min later, animals
      were killed, thymocytes were isolated, and their 3H content determined. Uptake of
      [3H]2-DG was increased by T3 in a dose-dependent manner. The lowest effective
      dose was 10 ng/100 g of body weight (30% above control) and the maximally
      effective dose 1 microgram/100 g of body weight (116% above control). The effect
      of T3 was independent of new protein synthesis in that it was not blocked by a
      dose of cycloheximide that inhibited the incorporation of [3H]leucine into
      thymocyte protein by 92-95%. Comparable studies with various thyronine analogues
      revealed the following rank order of potency: L-T3 greater than L-3,5,3'5'
      tetraiodothyronine (L-T4) greater than D-T3 greater than or equal to D-T4 greater
      than L-3,3'5'-triiodothyronine greater than 3'-isopropyl-3,5-L-diiodothyronine
      (T2) = 3,5-L-T2. DL-thyronine was without effect. These studies indicate that T3
      in physiologic doses acts in vivo to increase the uptake of sugar by rat
      thymocytes by a mechanism that is extranuclear in origin, in that it is
      independent of new protein synthesis. The findings support the conclusion that
      the previously demonstrated effects of T3 on thymocyte sugar uptake in vitro,
      which seem clearly to be mediated at the level of the plasma membrane, have
      physiologic relevance.

PMID- 4056042
TI  - Interaction of cardiopulmonary and carotid baroreflex control of vascular
      resistance in humans.
AB  - Previous studies in experimental animals indicate an important inhibitory
      interaction between cardiopulmonary and arterial baroreflexes. In the dog, for
      example, cardiopulmonary vagal afferents modulate carotid baroreflex control of
      vascular resistance. On the other hand, previous studies in human subjects have
      not produced convincing evidence of a specific interaction between these
      baroreceptor reflexes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether
      unloading of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors in humans with nonhypotensive lower
      body negative pressure selectively augments the reflex vasoconstrictor responses
      to simulated carotid hypotension produced by neck pressure. In nine healthy
      subjects, we measured forearm vascular responses with plethysmography during
      lower body negative pressure alone (cardiopulmonary baroreflex), during neck
      pressure alone (carotid baroreflex), and during concomitant lower body negative
      pressure and neck pressure (baroreflex interaction). Lower body negative pressure
      produced a greater than twofold augmentation of the forearm vasoconstrictor
      response to neck pressure. This increase in resistance was significantly greater
      (P less than 0.05) than the algebraic sum of the increase in resistance from
      lower body negative pressure alone plus that from neck pressure alone. In
      contrast, lower body negative pressure did not potentiate the forearm
      vasoconstrictor responses either to intra-arterial norepinephrine or to the cold
      pressor test. Thus, the potentiation of the vasoconstrictor response to neck
      pressure by lower body negative pressure cannot be explained by augmented
      reactivity to the neurotransmitter or to a nonspecific augmentation of responses
      to all reflex vasoconstrictor stimuli. In conclusion, nonhypotensive lower body
      negative pressure selectively augments carotid baroreflex control of forearm
      vascular resistance. These experiments demonstrate a specific inhibitory
      cardiopulmonary-carotid baroreflex interaction in humans.

PMID- 4056043
TI  - Activity in fetal bovine serum that stimulates erythroid colony formation in
      fetal mouse livers is insulinlike growth factor I.
AB  - In the present study, the erythropoietic activity of fetal serum was
      characterized. Using fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a source of the erythropoietic
      activity and serum-free cultures of fetal mouse livers (FMLC assay) as a
      detection system, we found that FBS stimulated colony formation from late
      erythroid progenitor cells (CFU-E) in a dose-dependent fashion. The slope of the
      dose-response curve, however, was significantly different from that for
      erythropoietin (Ep), the best-characterized erythropoietic activity so far. The
      erythropoietic activity of FBS was found in the 120-160- and 40-70-kD range at
      neutral pH. In the presence of 1 M acetic acid, however, the erythropoietic
      activity had an apparent molecular mass between 3 and 13 kD. From ion exchange
      experiments with DEAE-cellulose, the isoionic point of the activity was estimated
      to about pH 5. Furthermore, the erythropoietic activity of FBS was found to be co
      eluted on Sephadex G-150 with the binding proteins of insulinlike growth factors
      (IGF). The IGF I concentration determined by radioimmunoassay was 70 ng IGF I/ml.
      The Ep activity of FBS was less than 5 mU/ml when determined with the posthypoxic
      polycythemic mouse assay for Ep. These results suggest that the erythropoietic
      activity of FBS is related to IGF and not to Ep. The erythropoietic activity of
      FBS was abolished by an antiserum against IGF I. Furthermore, IGF I was a factor
      of approximately 40 more potent than IGF II in stimulating erythroid colony
      formation. All of these findings suggest that the erythropoietic activity of FBS
      is IGF I.

PMID- 4056044
TI  - Metabolism of pantethine in cystinosis.
AB  - D-Pantethine is a conjugate of the vitamin pantothenic acid and the low-molecular
      weight aminothiol cysteamine. Pantethine is an experimental hypolipemic agent and
      has been suggested as a source of cysteamine in the treatment of nephropathic
      cystinosis. We treated four cystinotic children with 70-1,000 mg/kg per d oral D
      pantethine and studied its metabolism. Pantethine was rapidly hydrolyzed to
      pantothenic acid and cysteamine; we could not detect pantethine in plasma after
      oral administration. The responsible enzyme, "pantetheinase," was highly active
      in homogenates of small intestinal mucosa and plasma. The Michaelis constant of
      the rat intestinal enzyme was 4.6 microM and its pH profile showed a broad
      plateau between 4 and 9. Pantothenate pharmacokinetics after orally administered
      pantethine followed an open two-compartment model with slow vitamin elimination
      (t1/2 = 28 h). Peak plasma pantothenate occurred at 2.5 h and levels over 250
      microM were seen at 300 times normal. Apparent total body storage of pantothenate
      was significant (25 mg/kg), and plasma levels were elevated threefold for months
      after pantethine therapy. Plasma cysteamine concentrations after pantethine were
      similar to those reported after equivalent doses of cysteamine. However, at best
      only 80% white blood cell cystine depletion occurred. We conclude that pantethine
      is probably less effective than cysteamine in the treatment of nephropathic
      cystinosis and should only be considered in cases of cysteamine intolerance.
      Serum cholesterol was decreased an average of 14%, which supports the potential
      clinical significance of pantethine as a hypolipemic agent. Rapid in vivo
      hydrolysis of pantethine suggests that pantothenate or cysteamine may be the
      effectors of its hypolipemic action.

PMID- 4056045
TI  - In vitro function of cyst epithelium from human polycystic kidney.
AB  - It is thought that cysts in polycystic kidneys originate from nephron segments
      and function in a manner similar to the segment or origin. The indirect evidence
      for this derives from studies of microanatomy and cyst fluid composition. Cysts
      with low Na+ have been classified as distal, whereas cysts with high Na+ have
      been classified as proximal. In order to directly determine the transport
      characteristics of cyst epithelium, cysts from a human polycystic kidney were
      studied in vitro using Ussing chamber techniques. Composition of cyst fluid was
      determined in parallel with these studies. Cysts with low Na+ (gradient cysts)
      demonstrate characteristics consistent with distal nephron origin including
      elevated potential difference (PD), short-circuit current (Isc), and low
      conductance. PD and Isc of gradient cysts were amiloride sensitive. Nongradient
      cysts, however, require additional characterization. At least two types of
      nongradient cysts were identified, one with characteristics consistent with
      proximal nephron origin and another apparently without function. These studies
      are the first direct evidence for active transport of cysts from human polycystic
      kidney and provide strong evidence to support the concept that cysts function in
      the same manner as the nephron segment of origin.

PMID- 4056046
TI  - Diabetes in the Bio-Breeding/Worcester rat. Induction and acceleration by spleen
      cell-conditioned media.
AB  - Injections of media conditioned by concanavalin A-activated spleen cells from
      acutely diabetic rats accelerated the appearance of diabetes in young Bio
      Breeding/Worcester (BB/W) rats. Activity was also found in media conditioned by
      spleen cells from nondiabetic, W-line Wistar Furth and Buffalo rats.
      Unconditioned media containing mitogen had no activity. Conditioned media also
      induced diabetes in resistant W-line BB/W rats but not in Wistar Furth rats. A
      soluble factor may activate a BB lymphocyte population that promotes diabetes.

PMID- 4056047
TI  - Erythrocyte survival in chronic renal failure. Role of secondary
      hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - The human erythrocyte (RBC) is a target organ for parathyroid hormone (PTH) and
      the hormone increases RBC osmotic fragility and induces their hemolysis. The
      present study was undertaken to examine whether elevated blood levels of PTH
      affect RBC survival, and therefore whether PTH, being an extracorpuscular factor,
      is responsible for the shortened RBC survival in chronic renal failure. 51Cr
      labeled RBC survival was elevated in six normal dogs, in six animals with chronic
      renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism (NPX), and in six
      thyroparathyroidectomized dogs (NPX-TPTX) with comparable degree and duration of
      chronic renal failure. In the normal dogs, 51Cr-labeled RBC survival ranged
      between 22 and 35 (25.6 +/- 1.9) d. In the NPX dogs, 51Cr-labeled RBC survival
      was shortened and the values ranged between 16 and 20 (18.4 +/- 0.6) d, a value
      significantly (P less than 0.01) lower than normal dogs. In NPX-TPTX dogs, 51Cr
      labeled RBC survival ranged between 20 and 33 (25.2 +/- 1.8) d, a value not
      different from that in normal dogs but significantly higher (P less than 0.01)
      than that in NPX animals. Our data demonstrate that excess blood levels of PTH
      and not other consequences of the uremic state are responsible for the shortened
      RBC survival in chronic renal failure.

PMID- 4056048
TI  - Myocardial reperfusion: a double-edged sword?

PMID- 4056049
TI  - Stereoselective renal clearance of pindolol in humans.
AB  - In this study, pindolol, a beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent marketed as a racemic
      mixture, was used as a model compound to investigate stereoselective renal
      clearance of organic cations in human beings. Six normal subjects received an
      oral dose of 20 mg racemic pindolol. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured
      throughout the study. A stereospecific high performance liquid chromatographic
      procedure was used to quantitate the concentrations of d- and l-pindolol in
      plasma and urine. Renal clearance and other pharmacokinetic parameters of both
      enantiomers were calculated and compared. The renal clearance of l-pindolol was
      greater than that of d-pindolol in all subjects. The renal clearance (mean +/-
      SD) was 240 +/- 55 ml/min for l-pindolol and 200 +/- 51 ml/min for d-pindolol (P
      less than 0.01). Since stereoselective binding to plasma proteins was not
      observed, differences in renal clearance between d- and l-pindolol were caused by
      either stereoselective renal transport, or stereoselective renal metabolism. The
      area under the plasma concentration-time curve, the amount of drug excreted, and
      the half-life of l-pindolol were greater than those of d-pindolol, which suggests
      that pindolol was also eliminated stereoselectively by nonrenal routes. The
      slopes of the resting heart rate vs. the plasma concentration of l-pindolol were
      significantly less than zero and were significantly correlated to the
      pretreatment heart rate, which supports the hypothesis that intrinsic sympathetic
      tone largely determines the effect of pindolol on the resting heart rate. The
      observation that pindolol is eliminated stereoselectively by the kidney may have
      clinical implications for other racemic drugs that are renally eliminated.

PMID- 4056050
TI  - Effects of bile and bile salts on growth and membrane lipid uptake by Giardia
      lamblia. Possible implications for pathogenesis of intestinal disease.
AB  - We have shown previously that ox and pig bile accelerate in vitro growth of
      Giardia lamblia. We have now investigated the possible mechanisms by which
      mammalian biles promote parasite growth. Growth effects of (a) ox, pig, guinea
      pig, and human biles, (b) pure bile salts, and (c) egg and soybean lecithins were
      studied in the presence of a lecithin-containing growth medium. Individually,
      dilute native bile and pure sodium taurocholate (TC), glycocholate (GC), and
      taurodeoxycholate (TDC) promoted parasite growth; growth was most marked with
      biles of high phospholipid content, with biles enriched in more hydrophobic bile
      salts (ox approximately equal to human greater than pig greater than guinea pig)
      and with micellar concentrations of GC and submicellar concentrations of TC and
      TDC. By measuring uptake of radiolabeled biliary lipids from bile and bile salt
      supplemented growth medium, we showed that the parasite consumed bile lipids,
      with the rank order lecithin greater than bile salts. Apparent net uptake of
      cholesterol was considered to be due to exchange, since net loss of cholesterol
      from the growth medium was not detected. Although bile and bile salt-stimulated
      parasite growth was associated with enhanced lecithin uptake, reduction in
      generation time was observed at low bile and bile salt concentrations when
      lecithin uptake was similar to bile free controls. Thus, bile salts may stimulate
      Giardia growth initially by a mechanism independent of enhanced membrane
      phospholipid uptake. However, since Giardia has no capacity to synthesize
      membrane lipid, biliary lecithin may be a major source of phospholipid for growth
      of this parasite.

PMID- 4056051
TI  - Tracer norepinephrine kinetics in coronary circulation of patients with heart
      failure secondary to chronic pressure and volume overload.
AB  - Controversy exists over the nature of the abnormality in cardiac sympathetic
      nerves in heart failure. In the cardiomyopathy of the Syrian hamster, reduction
      in tissue stores and increased turnover of norepinephrine is clearly associated
      with excessive sympathetic stimulation but in animal models and humans with heart
      failure secondary to mechanical overload there is evidence for depression of
      neuronal uptake. Because norepinephrine is both released and taken up by
      sympathetic fibers it is impossible to assess norepinephrine kinetics in an
      intact heart without separating these two functions. A technique for doing so has
      recently been developed in normal dogs and we therefore acquired similar data in
      humans with heart failure secondary to chronic pressure and volume overload. The
      technique involves the combination of transient norepinephrine tracer coronary
      sinus outflow in relation to intravascular and interstitial references after
      simultaneous injection into the left coronary artery and the measurement of
      endogenous norepinephrine concentrations in artery and coronary sinus. We found a
      marked reduction in cardiac norepinephrine release and uptake in a group of
      patients with clinical left ventricular failure secondary to mechanical overload,
      relative to a group of patients with no failure. Norepinephrine balance and
      overflow across the heart were not significantly different. We conclude that
      there is hypofunction of the cardiac sympathetic nerves in heart failure
      secondary to mechanical overload and that traditional methods are inadequate in
      assessing cardiac norepinephrine kinetics when there are simultaneous changes in
      neuronal uptake and release.

PMID- 4056052
TI  - Regulation of rat biliary cholesterol secretion by agents that alter intrahepatic
      cholesterol metabolism. Evidence for a distinct biliary precursor pool.
AB  - Propensity for cholesterol gallstone formation is determined in part by biliary
      cholesterol content relative to bile salts and phospholipid. We examined the
      hypothesis that the rate of biliary cholesterol secretion can be controlled by
      availability of an hepatic metabolically active free cholesterol pool whose size
      is determined in part by rates of sterol synthesis, as reflected by activity of
      the primary rate-limiting enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA)
      reductase and of sterol esterification, as reflected by the activity of the
      enzyme acyl coenzyme A/cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). Rats were prepared
      with biliary, venous, and duodenal catheters. The enterohepatic circulation of
      biliary lipids was maintained constant by infusion of a bile salt, lecithin,
      cholesterol replacement solution. Administration of 25-hydroxycholesterol
      decreased HMG CoA reductase activity, increased ACAT activity, and decreased
      biliary cholesterol output 26% by 1 h. By 2 h, ACAT activity and biliary
      cholesterol secretion were at control levels. Administration of mevinolin, a
      competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase, had no effect on ACAT activity and
      decreased biliary cholesterol secretion 16%. Administration of progesterone, an
      inhibitor of ACAT, had no effect on HMG CoA reductase and increased biliary
      cholesterol output 32% at 1 h. By 2 h, all parameters were near control levels.
      None of these agents had any significant effect on biliary bile salt or
      phospholipid secretion. Thus, acutely altering rates of esterification and/or
      synthesis can have profound effects on biliary cholesterol secretion independent
      of the other biliary lipids. These experiments suggest the existence of a
      metabolically active pool of free cholesterol that serves as a precursor pool for
      biliary cholesterol secretion. Furthermore, the size of this precursor pool is
      determined in part both by rates of cholesterol synthesis and esterification and
      is a key determinant of biliary cholesterol secretion.

PMID- 4056053
TI  - Calcium transport abnormality in uremic rat brain synaptosomes.
AB  - Brain calcium is elevated in patients and laboratory animals with uremia. The
      significance of this finding is unclear. We evaluated calcium transport in brain
      of both normal and acutely uremic rats (blood urea nitrogen = 250 mg/dl) by
      performing studies in synaptosomes from rat brain cerebral cortex. Synaptosomes
      are vesicular presynaptic nerve endings from brain that contain mitochondria and
      are metabolically active. Two mechanisms of calcium transport were evaluated
      using radioactive 45Ca++ as a tracer. Both mechanisms were evaluated in the
      absence of exogenously administered parathyroid hormone (PTH). We first evaluated
      Na+-Ca++ exchange in vesicles that were loaded with NaCl in an external media
      containing 10 microM CaCl2. Both initial rates of calcium transport and
      equilibrium levels of calcium accumulation in synaptosomes prepared from uremic
      rats were significantly greater (P less than 0.005) than in normal. To assess
      calcium efflux, ATP-dependent calcium uptake (1 mM ATP) was studied in inverted
      plasma membrane vesicles loaded with KCl. In the uremic synaptosomes, a
      significant increase (P less than 0.005) in ATP-dependent calcium uptake was
      observed as compared with the normal. These studies show that (a) Calcium
      accumulation via the Na+-Ca++ exchanger is increased in synaptosomes prepared
      from uremic rat brain. (b) Calcium influx into inverted plasma membrane vesicles
      from uremic rats via the ATP-dependent calcium transport mechanism is increased
      when compared with normal. (c) The increased calcium accumulation in uremia by
      both Na+-Ca++ exchange and ATP-dependent calcium transport mechanism appears to
      be a result of increased synaptosomal membrane permeability to calcium. Both
      these abnormalities of calcium transport in uremia would tend to increase brain
      extracellular calcium in vivo. The defects observed in uremia do not appear to be
      readily reversible, and the relationship to PTH is presently unclear. These
      abnormalities may affect neurotransmission in the uremic state.

PMID- 4056054
TI  - Disparate mechanisms for hypoxic cell injury in different nephron segments.
      Studies in the isolated perfused rat kidney.
AB  - Hypoxic injury was evaluated morphologically in the proximal tubule and in the
      medullary thick ascending limb of isolated rat kidneys perfused for 90 min
      without O2 or with various metabolic inhibitors. Inhibition of mitochondrial
      respiration (with rotenone, antimycin, oligomycin) or of intermediary metabolism
      (with monofluoroacetate, malonate, 2-deoxyglucose) caused reduction in renal
      oxygen consumption, renal function, and ATP content comparable with those
      elicited by oxygen deprivation. Metabolic inhibition produced hypoxiclike injury
      in the first portions of the proximal tubule, S1 and S2 ("clubbing" of
      microvilli, mitochondrial swelling), and the extent of damage was correlated with
      the degree of ATP depletion. In the third portion of the proximal tubule, S3,
      hypoxiclike damage (cytoplasmic edema or fragmentation) occurred most
      consistently when both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism were inhibited
      simultaneously. In the medullary thick ascending limb, none of the metabolic or
      mitochondrial inhibitors used could reproduce the injury of oxygen deprivation.
      Thus, the proximal tubule and the thick ascending limb have markedly different
      responses to cellular energy depletion, suggesting disparate mechanisms for
      hypoxic injury along the nephron.

PMID- 4056055
TI  - Metabolic fate of extracted glucose in normal human myocardium.
AB  - Glucose is an important substrate for myocardial metabolism. This study was
      designed to determine the effect of circulating metabolic substrates on
      myocardial glucose extraction and to determine the metabolic fate of glucose in
      normal human myocardium. Coronary sinus and arterial catheters were placed in 23
      healthy male volunteers. [6-14C]Glucose was infused as a tracer in 10 subjects.
      [6-14C]Glucose and [U-13C]lactate were simultaneously infused in the other 13
      subjects. Simultaneous blood samples were obtained for chemical analyses of
      glucose, lactate, and free fatty acids and for the the isotopic analyses of
      glucose and lactate. Glucose oxidation was assessed by measuring myocardial 14CO2
      production. The amount of glucose extracted and oxidized by the myocardium was
      inversely correlated with the arterial level of free fatty acids (r = -0.71; P
      less than 0.0001). 20% (range, 0-63%) of the glucose extraction underwent
      immediate oxidation. Chemical lactate analysis showed a net extraction of 26.0 +/
      16.4%. However, isotopic analysis demonstrated that lactate was being released
      by the myocardium. In the 13 subjects receiving the dual-carbon-labeled isotopes,
      the lactate released was 0.09 +/- 0.04 mumol/ml and 49.5 +/- 29.5% of this
      lactate was from exogenous glucose. This study demonstrates that the circulating
      level of free fatty acids plays a major role in determining the amount of glucose
      extracted and oxidized by the normal human myocardium. Only 20.1 +/- 19.4% of the
      glucose extracted underwent oxidation, and 13.0 +/- 9.0% of the glucose extracted
      was metabolized to lactate and released by the myocardium. Thus, 60-70% of the
      glucose extracted by the normal myocardium is probably stored as glycogen in the
      fasting, resting state.

PMID- 4056056
TI  - Mechanoelectrical feedback: independent role of preload and contractility in
      modulation of canine ventricular excitability.
AB  - Mechanoelectrical feedback, defined as changes in mechanical state that precede
      and alter transmembrane potential, may have potential importance in understanding
      the role of altered load and contractility in the initiation and modulation of
      ventricular arrhythmias. To assess the independent effects of preload and
      contractility on myocardial excitability and action potential duration, we
      determined the stimulus strength-interval relationship and recorded monophasic
      action potentials in isolated canine left ventricles contracting isovolumically.
      The strength-interval relationship was characterized by three parameters:
      threshold excitability, relative refractory period, and absolute refractory
      period. The effects of a threefold increase in left ventricular volume or twofold
      increase in contractility on these parameters were independently assessed. An
      increase in preload did not change threshold excitability in 11 ventricles but
      significantly shortened the absolute refractory period from 205 +/- 15 to 191 +/-
      14 ms (P less than 0.001) (mean +/- SD). Similarly, the relative refractory
      period decreased from 220 +/- 18 to 208 +/- 19 ms (P less than 0.002). Comparable
      results were observed when contractility was increased as a result of dobutamine
      infusion in 10 ventricles. That is, threshold excitability was unchanged but the
      absolute refractory period decreased from 206 +/- 14 to 181 +/- 9 ms (P less than
      0.003), and the relative refractory period decreased from 225 +/- 17 to 205 +/-
      18 ms (P less than 0.003). Similar results were obtained when contractility was
      increased with CaCl2, indicating that contractility associated changes were
      independent of beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation. An increase in preload or
      contractility was associated with shortening of the action potential. A threefold
      increase in preload and twofold increase in contractility were associated with a
      decrease in action potential duration of 22 and 24 ms, respectively. There was a
      significant linear correlation between action potential duration and excitability
      (absolute refractory period). The similar effects of increased preload and
      contractility on threshold excitability and refractoriness can be explained by
      the action these perturbations have on the time course of repolarization.
      Therefore, excitability of the ventricle is sensitive to and is modulated by
      alteration of load or inotropic state. The similar effects of either increased
      preload or contractility on excitability may be mediated by a common cellular
      mechanism which results in a rise in intracellular free Ca2+ and secondary
      abbreviation of the action potential.

PMID- 4056057
TI  - Hepatic microcirculation in the perfused cirrhotic rat liver.
AB  - Liver microcirculation in the perfused rat liver was assessed by the multiple
      indicator dilution technique. Comparative studies were carried out in
      noncirrhotic rats and in rats with cirrhosis secondary to chronic exposure to
      phenobarbital and carbon tetrachloride. The alterations of the sinusoidal bed
      were characterized by changes in the displacement of hepatic venous outflow
      curves of various diffusible substances (labeled albumin, sucrose, and water)
      relative to that of labeled erythrocytes (vascular reference). Outflow recoveries
      of lidocaine (a substance that penetrates the liver cell membrane freely and
      completely) and of labeled microspheres (15 microns diam) were also appraised. In
      all cirrhotic rats, unimodal erythrocytes and albumin curves were obtained. The
      sinusoidal space was significantly decreased when compared with normal rats (P
      less than 0.001) and the total space accessible to albumin became progressively
      restricted. In seven cirrhotic rats, the profiles of labeled sucrose and water
      curves were compatible with a flow-limited diffusion and the total distribution
      volumes were not significantly different from values found in noncirrhotic rats
      (P = NS), which indicates that sucrose and water were still able to diffuse into
      an extravascular space not accessible to albumin. In the other cirrhotic rats,
      labeled sucrose and water curves showed progressive bimodal changes not
      compatible with a flow-limited diffusion. Such alterations were not due to large
      intrahepatic shunts, since only 0.25% of the 15-microns microspheres were
      recovered in the outflow of cirrhotic rats. However, an early lidocaine outflow
      peak related in time to the peak erythrocyte curve was observed in cirrhotic, but
      not in noncirrhotic, rats. Lidocaine recovery varied greatly in cirrhotic rats
      and appeared to increase as the liver disease progressed. These data can be
      explained by capillarization of sinusoids and/or by the development of channels
      with poor permeability. Electron microscopic observations of these rat livers
      favored the latter. Thus, in cirrhotic rat liver, two kinds of alteration are
      likely: (a) the vascular space is decreased with collagenization of the
      extravascular space, limiting the diffusion of large molecules such as albumin;
      and (b) small channels with poorly permeable walls develop, limiting the
      diffusion of small molecules such as lidocaine, sucrose, and water. Large
      intrahepatic shunts are not a common feature.

PMID- 4056058
TI  - Role of renal sympathetic nerves in mediating hypoperfusion of renal cortical
      microcirculation in experimental congestive heart failure and acute extracellular
      fluid volume depletion.
AB  - To evaluate the pathophysiologic importance of renal nerves in regulating the
      renal vasomotor tone, we measured several parameters of renal cortical
      microcirculation before and after acute renal denervation (DNx) in the following
      three groups of anesthetized Munich-Wistar rats: (group 1) congestive heart
      failure after surgically induced myocardial infarction (n = 10), (group 2) acute
      extracellular fluid volume depletion after deprivation of drinking water for 48 h
      (n = 8), and (group 3) sham or nontreated controls (n = 6). In the myocardial
      infarcted rats, DNx led to a uniform increase in glomerular plasma flow rate of,
      on average, 36%. Single nephron glomerular filtration rate of myocardial
      infarcted rats also increased despite a reduction in glomerular capillary
      hydraulic pressure. These changes were associated with a fall in arteriolar
      resistances, particularly in the efferent arteriole. The glomerular capillary
      ultrafiltration coefficient rose in all but one myocardial-infarcted animal. A
      similar hemodynamic pattern was seen after DNx in water-deprived animals. In
      every water-deprived animal, glomerular plasma flow rate and single nephron GFR
      increased on average by 28 and 14%, respectively. Again, afferent and efferent
      arteriolar resistances decreased significantly. Furthermore, the ultrafiltration
      coefficient increased uniformly and substantially with DNx. To ascertain the
      potential importance of the interaction between the renal nerves and angiotensin
      II in these circumstances, we compared the renal cortical hemodynamics in
      additional groups of water-deprived rats (group 4) after DNx (n = 15), (group 5)
      during inhibition of angiotensin II with saralasin (n = 15), and (group 6) during
      treatment with both saralasin and DNx (n = 15). No appreciable difference was
      detected between group 4 vs. 6. In contrast, substantial differences were noted
      between group 5 vs. 6: on average, the glomerular plasma flow rate was 26% higher
      and the afferent and efferent arteriolar resistances 25% and 27% lower,
      respectively, in group 6. These observations provide direct evidence to indicate
      pathophysiologic importance of renal nerves in the profound intrarenal
      circulatory adjustments in prerenal circulatory impairment. The vasoconstrictive
      effects of renal nerves appear to be mediated in part by their stimulatory
      influence on angiotensin II release and their direct constrictor actions on pre-
      and post-glomerular vessels as well.

PMID- 4056059
TI  - Inner-ring deiodination of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in the in situ perfused guinea
      pig placenta.
AB  - Broken cell preparations of rat and human placentas contain an inner (tyrosyl)
      ring iodothyronine deiodinase enzyme with greatest activity when the substrate is
      3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3). This report describes the deiodination of T3 in the
      intact placenta and the effect of sodium iopanoate (IA) and propylthiouracil
      (PTU) on T3 deiodination. Under nembutal anesthesia, the placenta of 60-65-d-old
      pregnant guinea pigs was surgically exposed, a single umbilical artery and the
      umbilical vein were cannulated, and the fetus was removed. In a temperature
      controlled chamber (37 degrees C), the fetal side of the placenta was perfused
      through the umbilical artery at a rate of 1 ml/min with 3% bovine serum albumin
      Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 0.14 nM outer ring labeled [125I]T3. Placenta
      effluent fractions were collected at timed intervals from the umbilical vein
      cannula throughout a 120-min perfusion period. The contents of the perfusion
      buffer and the various effluent fractions were analyzed for their iodothyronine
      content by high pressure liquid chromatography. In five experiments, the percent
      composition of 125I-labeled iodothyronines in the perfusion buffer and placenta
      effluent was 95.3 +/- 1.0 (mean +/- SE) and 70.2 +/- 2.1 for T3 (P less than
      0.01), 2.5 +/- 0.7 and 20.1 +/- 1.8 for 3,3'-T2 (P less than 0.01), and 0 and 8.2
      +/- 0.9 for 3'-T1. There was no difference between the percent [125I]iodide in
      the perfusion buffer and in the placenta effluents. When placentas were perfused
      with IA and [125I]T3, after perfusion with [125I]T3 alone, there was a
      significant increase (P less than 0.01) in the percent [125I]T3 in the placenta
      effluents, and a significant decrease in [125I]3,3'-T2 (P less than 0.01) and
      [125I]3'-T1 (P less than 0.01). In contrast, PTU did not affect the composition
      of labeled iodothyronines in the placenta effluents, despite the fact that the
      addition of PTU significantly (P less than 0.001) inhibits the inner-ring
      deiodination of [125I]T3 in human or guinea pig placenta microsomes in the
      presence of low (0.25 mM) concentrations of dithiothreitol. The present studies
      demonstrate that T3 is actively deiodinated in the inner ring to 3,3'-T2 by the
      intact guinea pig placenta. A portion of 3,3'-T2 is further deiodinated in the
      inner ring to generate 3'-T1. No outer ring deiodination of T3 was seen under the
      conditions employed. IA, but not PTU, inhibits T3 deiodination in the placenta
      perfused in situ. We conclude that the placenta is probably a site for fetal T3
      metabolism.

PMID- 4056060
TI  - Effect of hydrogen peroxide exposure on normal human erythrocyte deformability,
      morphology, surface characteristics, and spectrin-hemoglobin cross-linking.
AB  - To further define the conditions for forming spectrin-hemoglobin cross-linking in
      human erythrocyte membranes and to examine its possible effects on membrane
      function, we incubated normal human erythrocytes for up to 3 h in concentrations
      of H2O2, varying from 45 to 180 microM, in an azide phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. The
      chemical changes observed indicated that methemoglobin formation occurred early
      and at a low concentration (45 microM). Morphologic changes characterized by
      increased echinocyte formation occurred in a dose-dependent fashion. In addition,
      decreased cell deformability commensurate with increased membrane rigidity was
      found. Finally, an increase in cell recognition as determined by monocyte
      phagocytosis and adherence in vitro, as well as decreased phosphatidylcholine
      accessibility to bee venom phospholipase A2, was found in H2O2-treated
      erythrocytes compared with controls. Both of these latter changes were closely
      correlated with the extent of spectrin-hemoglobin cross-linking. In addition to
      these protein-mediated interactions, lipid peroxidation also occurred after H2O2
      exposure, as shown by generation of fluorescent amino propene derivatives. The
      addition of the antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene, decreased the fluorescent
      derivatives, but did not prevent the effects on membrane function. This suggests
      that lipid peroxidation, though present, was not necessary for the membrane
      changes found. In contrast, spectrin-hemoglobin aggregation and the alterations
      in membrane function were completely prevented by prior exposure of the
      erythrocytes to carbon monoxide.

PMID- 4056061
TI  - Isolation and characterization of glycosaminoglycans in human plasma.
AB  - We have described methodology for the isolation and quantitation of
      glycosaminoglycans present in human plasma. Plasma glycosaminoglycans can be
      quantitatively adsorbed on a DEAE-Sephacel ion exchanger and eluted with a salt
      gradient as two groups: a low-charge fraction and a high-charge fraction. The low
      charge fraction consists of chondroitin sulfate with a low sulfate content and
      the high-charge fraction consists of heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and
      keratan sulfate (type I). We have determined the plasma concentration of each of
      these glycosaminoglycans in six normal human subjects. We have established that
      none of the glycosaminoglycans in plasma are covalently linked to plasma
      proteins. All are isolated as complexes with plasma proteins in noncovalent
      linkages. The glycosaminoglycans in the low-charge fraction are bound with high
      affinity to a single plasma glycoprotein by a lectin-type bond that can be
      disrupted by a simple glycoside. The high-charge fraction contains three major
      proteins and several minor proteins associated with the glycosaminoglycans by
      both lectin-type and ionic bonding. The plasma proteins associated with
      glycosaminoglycans represent less than 0.5% of the total plasma proteins. Little
      is known about the physiologic role of the plasma glycosaminoglycans as
      components of metabolic processes. Because glycosaminoglycans have been
      implicated in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis, we tested all of these
      compounds, isolated in free form, on the in vitro hydrolysis of triglycerides by
      lipoprotein lipase. Plasma heparan sulfate stimulated the rate of this reaction
      severalfold. All other plasma glycosaminoglycans were inactive. Thus, plasma
      heparan sulfate may play an important role in plasma lipoprotein metabolism.

PMID- 4056062
TI  - Pathogenesis of heterogeneity in human multinodular goiter. A study on growth and
      function of thyroid tissue transplanted onto nude mice.
AB  - Functional and morphologic heterogeneity of human multinodular goiters was
      investigated in 300 samples from "cold" and "hot" regions of 20 goiters
      transplanted onto nude mice. Transplants were labeled with [3H]thymidine and
      radioiodine, while the host's thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion was
      either stimulated or suppressed. Proliferation and function of follicular cells
      were assessed in whole follicles reconstructed from autoradiographs of serial
      sections. Hot transplants had a higher autonomous iodine uptake than those of
      cold tissue in TSH-suppressed hosts. Functional autonomy widely varied among the
      follicles, but even more so among individual cells. Hot grafts differed from cold
      ones only by a comparatively larger fraction of autonomous cells. Intercellular
      differences of iodinating activity were not abolished by TSH. Grafts faithfully
      reproduced the individual growth pattern of the original tissue. Between 0.5% and
      7% of all follicular cells replicated despite suppression of TSH. Up to 70% of
      these cells were clustered, forming scattered foci of autonomously growing
      tissue. Other cells only started replicating after long-term TSH stimulation.
      Thus, goiters contained subsets of cells with high and others with low growth
      response. Progenies of replicating cells remained clustered, sometimes budding
      outwards to form new follicles. Autonomy of growth and autonomy of function are
      independent traits of epithelial cells. Epithelial cells have their individual
      growth pattern, replication rate, and functional capacity. These traits are
      passed on from a mother cell to its progeny during follicle neogenesis. To this
      main mechanism accounting for the morphologic and functional heterogeneity of
      human goiters, inheritable modifications of gene expression must probably be
      added.

PMID- 4056063
TI  - The transmembrane pH gradient drives uphill folate transport in rabbit jejunum.
      Direct evidence for folate/hydroxyl exchange in brush border membrane vesicles.
AB  - In rabbit jejunal, but not ileal brush border membrane vesicles, an outwardly
      directed OH- gradient (pH 7.7 inside, pH 5.5 outside) markedly stimulated the
      initial velocity of folate (0.1 microM) uptake compared with uptake in the
      absence of a pH gradient. Under pH gradient conditions, folate was transiently
      accumulated at a concentration four times that found at equilibrium (over-shoot),
      implying uphill transport of the vitamin. Equilibrium folate uptake was inversely
      proportional to medium osmolality, suggesting uptake into an osmotically
      sensitive space. pH gradient-stimulated folate uptake was markedly reduced by
      inhibitors of anion exchange (4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic acid stilbene;
      4-acetamido-4-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid; furosemide), and was
      saturable (folate Km = 0.19 +/- 0.02 microM; Vmax = 12.8 +/- 0.4 pmol X mg
      protein-1 X min-1). Imposition of an inside-positive electrical potential did not
      stimulate folate uptake, suggesting that stimulation by a pH gradient was not due
      to an induced electrical potential. In contrast, an inwardly directed Na+ or K+
      gradient did not stimulate folate uptake. These findings provide evidence for a
      carrier on the jejunal brush border membrane that mediates folate/OH- exchange
      (or H+/folate co-transport), and are consonant with the known presence of an
      outwardly directed OH- gradient in vivo (brush border acid microclimate), an
      acidic pH optimum for intestinal folate uptake, and the primary role of the
      jejunum in folate absorption.

PMID- 4056064
TI  - Comparison of DNA flow cytometry from fresh and paraffin embedded samples of non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma.
AB  - Cell suspensions were prepared from fresh and paraffin embedded samples of lymph
      nodes from nine patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. DNA flow cytometry was
      performed on these samples and the results from fresh tissue compared with those
      from paraffin embedded material. Results were compared in terms of DNA index (as
      a measure of aneuploidy) and S phase fraction (as an indication of proliferative
      activity). Good agreement was found between the results from the samples prepared
      by the two methods. The quality of DNA flow cytometry from paraffin embedded
      material was comparable with or better than that from fresh samples.

PMID- 4056065
TI  - Microtome: histopathology day book based on a microcomputer system.
AB  - The development of a histopathology day book based on a microcomputer is
      described. The system has the capacity to search on file records for details of
      previous specimens from current patients. It also possesses a SNOP/SNOMED input
      and search system that can aggregate data for analytical and other purposes. The
      system is relatively inexpensive and is user friendly. It has been developed
      within and is exclusively devoted to the requirements of a histopathology
      department and is designed to permit expansion to a multiuser system.

PMID- 4056066
TI  - Parathyroid carcinoma associated with chronic renal failure and previous
      radiotherapy to the neck.
AB  - Carcinoma of the larynx was treated by irradiation followed by laryngectomy in a
      man who had been receiving regular haemodialysis for two years. At least one, and
      probably two, parathyroid glands were removed at this time, and the remaining two
      were removed three years later for tertiary hyperparathyroidism. A portion of one
      gland was implanted into the forearm. The forearm implant was resected the
      following year for recurrent hypercalcaemia. Six years later, again with
      recurrent hypercalcaemia, he died of bronchopneumonia. Metastatic parathyroid
      carcinoma was found in the apex of the left lung. The source of this parathyroid
      tissue and the possible role of irradiation in the pathogenesis of parathyroid
      cancer in this patient were investigated.

PMID- 4056068
TI  - Public Health Laboratory Service IgM antibody capture enzyme linked immunosorbent
      assay for detecting rubella specific IgM.
AB  - A total of 468 sera were selected for the evaluation of the Public Health
      Laboratory Service's IgM antibody capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit
      (MACELISA) for detecting rubella specific IgM. The results obtained were compared
      with those obtained by IgM antibody capture radioimmunoassay (MACRIA). Sera from
      patients with primary postnatal rubella, congenital rubella, remote rubella,
      infectious mononucleosis, and recent infection with other agents were included,
      in addition to sera taken after rubella immunisation and sera containing
      rheumatoid factor and rubella specific IgG antibody. The assay exhibited a
      similar ability and comparable specificity to MACRIA for detecting rubella
      specific IgM antibody. The Public Health Laboratory Service MACELISA can be
      recommended if, as for all assays that detect rubella specific IgM, all the
      available clinical and serological data are taken into account when the results
      are interpreted.

PMID- 4056067
TI  - Defining duodenitis: quantitative histological study of mucosal responses and
      their correlations.
AB  - Biopsies from 56 patients with endoscopically normal duodenal bulbs, duodenitis,
      or duodenal ulceration were studied for counts of plasma cells, polymorphs, and
      eosinophils and extent of gastric metaplasia, villous atrophy, and mucosal
      oedema. A correlation matrix showed that the counts of different types of plasma
      cells were closely correlated with each other and that there was also a close
      correlation between the presence of intraepithelial polymorphs, villous atrophy,
      and gastric metaplasia. Cluster and discriminant analysis indicated that the
      histological changes could be grouped by their statistical association into three
      simple categories: normal, which includes many cases incorrectly labelled in some
      classification systems as mild or chronic duodenitis; histologically defined mild
      duodenitis, characterised by an appreciable plasma cell response and oedema
      usually with intraepithelial polymorph infiltration and gastric metaplasia; and
      severe duodenitis, with an appreciable polymorph response and villous atrophy but
      decreased plasma cells. Decreased plasma cells may be an important indication of
      peptic ulceration.

PMID- 4056069
TI  - Size of spleen rather than amount of platelet sequestration may determine long
      term responses to splenectomy in adult idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - Fourteen adults with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura suffered a relapse after
      treatment with steroids, vinca alkaloids, or intravenous gammaglobulin. Splenic
      sequestration of platelets labelled with 111In-oxine was assessed, and the
      patients then underwent splenectomy. During follow up of four to 47 months (mean
      20.7) none of the patients required further treatment, including three of 14 who
      showed partial relapses. Splenic sequestration patterns did not predict relapses,
      but an unexpected finding was that patients who relapsed had significantly
      smaller spleens. It is concluded that splenectomy is beneficial in most adult
      patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and that radiological
      techniques to measure the size of the spleen may be useful in predicting which
      patients may relapse.

PMID- 4056070
TI  - Importance of low serum vitamin B12 and red cell folate concentrations in elderly
      hospital inpatients.
AB  - To determine the functional importance of the low B12 and red cell folate
      concentrations repeatedly observed in the elderly 200 consecutive patients
      admitted to a geriatric unit were studied. Forty six of the patients had low
      serum concentrations of B12 (15), red cell folate (26), or both (five). Serum B12
      and red cell folate concentrations correlated with mean cell volume, and serum
      B12 correlated with the neutrophil lobe count. Bone marrow deoxyuridine
      suppression was abnormal in 35% of the patients with low vitamin concentrations,
      but 55% of those with abnormal deoxyuridine suppression had morphologically
      normal bone marrow, and 73% had a normal mean cell volume. In patients with low
      vitamin values the deoxyuridine suppressed value correlated with the haemoglobin
      concentration and neutrophil lobe count. Thus synthesis of thymidylate was
      impaired by vitamin B12 or folate deficiency in at least 8% of newly admitted
      elderly patients, many of whom had normal blood counts despite the biochemical
      disturbance affecting haemopoiesis. A nutritionally depleted diet may have been
      responsible for many of the low vitamin values.

PMID- 4056071
TI  - Zinc deficiency in senile purpura.
AB  - Fasting plasma zinc concentrations were lower in elderly people with senile
      purpura than in a control group matched for age. No significant difference was
      found in the mean serum concentration of albumin, which is the main binder of
      zinc. No other clinical or laboratory findings differentiated the two groups. As
      the cause of the low plasma zinc values has not been found it is suggested that
      further studies of the related factors including input, output, and binding
      should be made before a therapeutic trial is launched.

PMID- 4056072
TI  - Donor screening for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen.

PMID- 4056073
TI  - Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens in upper gut of infants with
      protracted diarrhoea.

PMID- 4056074
TI  - EDTA plasma rather than serum for B12, folate and ferritin estimations?

PMID- 4056075
TI  - Creatine clearance in anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 4056076
TI  - Effect of transdermal scopolamine on salivation.
AB  - The effect of transdermal scopolamine on salivary flow and composition was
      analyzed in 21 healthy volunteers. The flow rate of whole saliva was
      significantly lowered by transdermal scopolamine. Significant positive
      correlations were found between the placebo rate of flow and both the quantity
      and percentage decreases in response to transdermal scopolamine. The magnesium
      concentration was significantly increased during transdermal scopolamine
      administration, whereas the sodium, potassium, and calcium concentrations were
      not consistently altered. Accordingly, the magnesium secretion rate was
      unaltered, whereas sodium, potassium, and calcium secretion rates were
      significantly lowered by transdermal scopolamine administration.

PMID- 4056077
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous cibenzoline in normal
      volunteers.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of intravenous (IV) cibenzoline were studied in six healthy
      male volunteers ranging in age from 51 to 78 years. The subjects received
      intravenous (IV) cibenzoline 100 mg over 20 minutes, and plasma and urine
      specimens were collected for 48 hours. Cibenzoline plasma concentrations at the
      end of the infusion ranged from 730 to 1,420 ng/mL and exhibited triexponential
      decline thereafter. The following mean model independent pharmacokinetic
      parameters were calculated from the plasma and urine concentration data: terminal
      half-life, 9.8 hours (range, 8.5-11.9); plasma clearance, 523 mL/min (range, 387
      687); volume of distribution, 445 L (range, 328-506); and renal clearance, 289
      mL/min (range, 202-334). Approximately 31% to 59% of the dose was recovered
      unchanged in the urine in 48 hours. A triexponential pharmacokinetic equation
      with zero order input was used to curve fit the plasma and urine data, and the
      model-dependent parameters agreed well with the model-independent estimates. A
      hysteresis loop was observed in the relationship between cibenzoline plasma
      concentration and QRS prolongation, indicating an initial lag between plasma
      concentration and effect after IV administration. Based on these results, the
      following preliminary dosing regimen was proposed to rapidly achieve and maintain
      therapeutic plasma concentrations equal to or slightly greater than 200-400
      ng/mL: 0.25 mg/kg/min IV bolus over one minute followed by 1-1.5 mg/kg/hr for one
      hour and 0.2-0.4 mg/kg/hr for long-term infusion.

PMID- 4056078
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of ranitidine following oral administration with ascending doses
      and with multiple-fixed doses.
AB  - The aim of these studies was to further delineate pharmacokinetic characteristics
      of ranitidine, a new histamine H2-receptor antagonist. In one study, ranitidine
      was administered orally to six normal men in increasing doses of 100 mg, 150 mg,
      250 mg, and 400 mg weekly over a four-week period. The peak serum concentrations
      increased with the corresponding increases in dose but the time needed to reach
      peak serum concentration did not vary significantly with increased doses. The
      pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for each subject at each of the four
      dose levels. The total area under the curve (AUC) at the four different doses was
      linearly related to the dose for each individual subject; and a plot of AUC
      versus dose had a correlation coefficient of .886 (P less than .001). The
      apparent plasma clearance did not vary with the increase in dose; and the average
      corrected clearance values ranged between 6.7 and 10 mL/(min X kg). Elimination
      half-life was between 2.6 and 3.0 hours; and the volume of distribution (Vd area)
      was between 1.6 and 2.4 L/kg. About 35% of the ranitidine dose was excreted in
      the urine in the unchanged form over a 12-hour excretion interval. In the second
      study, ranitidine was administered orally to 12 normal subjects in doses of 150
      mg and 200 mg twice daily for 28 days. The pharmacokinetic parameters for
      ranitidine with multiple-dose treatment were similar to those obtained with
      single-dose administration. Predose ranitidine concentrations (trough levels) did
      not increase with multiple dose administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4056079
TI  - Comparison of two sustained-release theophylline preparations in adult patients
      with obstructive airways disease.
AB  - The bioavailability profiles of two sustained-release oral theophylline
      preparations, Respbid and Theo-Dur, were compared in 19 adults with obstructive
      airways disease. Intravenous aminophylline was used as the reference standard. No
      significant differences were detected in fraction absorbed, peak-trough
      fluctuations, or time to peak concentrations.

PMID- 4056080
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of doxylamine: use of automated gas chromatography with
      nitrogen-phosphorus detection.
AB  - Sixteen healthy male volunteers received a single oral dose of 25 mg doxylamine
      succinate. Doxylamine concentrations in plasma were measured by a newly developed
      gas chromatographic methodology, utilizing direct alkaline extraction into
      hexane:isoamyl alcohol followed by concentration and autoinjection. Doxylamine
      kinetics were determined from multiple plasma doxylamine concentrations measured
      during the 24 hours postdose. Mean kinetic variables were: peak plasma level, 99
      ng/mL; time of peak, 2.4 hours postdose; elimination half-life, 10.1 hours; and
      apparent oral clearance, 217 mL/min. Analogous analytic methodology can be used
      to study the pharmacokinetics of other drugs of this class.

PMID- 4056081
TI  - Comprehension of neutral, melodically intoned, and affectively toned sentences by
      adults with aphasia.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a notable
      improvement in the auditory comprehension of adults with aphasia when sentences
      are melodically intoned or spoken with strong affect, as compared to when the
      same sentence materials are spoken in a neutral manner. The subjects for this
      study were six aphasic patients with left-brain damage and two control subjects:
      one patient with bilateral brain damage and one subject with no history of
      neurological insult. The subjects responded to a picture identification task
      where the same sentence stimuli were presented in three conditions: neutral,
      melodic intonation, and strong affect. There was no significant difference in the
      left-brain damaged patients' auditory comprehension scores in the three
      conditions. No improvement of performance was noted for the bilaterally brain
      damaged patient, and the nonaphasic subject attained a perfect or near-perfect
      score in each condition. Results are discussed in terms of the need for future
      research.

PMID- 4056082
TI  - Disturbances of the temporal organization of speech following bilateral thalamic
      surgery in a patient with Parkinson's disease.
AB  - This report summarizes a detailed analysis of the speech of a 45-yr-old man who
      had become dysarthric following bilateral thalamic surgery for the relief of
      symptoms of Parkinson's disease. His speech was characterized by a rapid rate and
      a mild-to-moderate articulatory deficit. Intelligibility was markedly reduced.
      The rapid rate was found to be the result of decreased syllable durations rather
      than to changes in pause or phrase patterns. Decreased syllable durations
      resulted from abnormal shortening of vowels. Consonant releases were found to be
      prolonged. This distorted temporal relationship among speech segments was
      considered to be an important factor in the patient's poor intelligibility and
      partially explained why uniform electronic expansion of his speech resulted in
      only negligible increase in intelligibility. It is hypothesized that this speech
      disturbance results from the interaction of central "metronomic" abnormality with
      a peripheral neuromotor articulatory impairment.

PMID- 4056083
TI  - Acoustic characteristics of vocal tension/harshness in the speech of the hearing
      impaired.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to calculate, from vowels in continuous
      speech, the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N ratio) and average fundamental vocal
      frequency (F0) for hearing-impaired young adults who demonstrated varying degrees
      of vocal tension/harshness, and to correlate these acoustic measures with the
      degree of perceived, vocal tension/harshness. Subjects for this investigation
      consisted of 20 hearing-impaired males and 20 hearing-impared females who ranged
      in degree of tension/harshness from severe to normal/relaxed. S/N ratios and F0s
      were calculated, using a computer analysis program, from audio recordings of the
      speakers' reading of the first two sentences of the Rainbow Passage. The results
      indicated significant correlations between S/N ratios and degree of perceived
      tension/harshness, as well as between the average F0s and perceived
      tension/harshness. The clinical implications of these objective acoustic measures
      are discussed.

PMID- 4056084
TI  - A vocal placement model: I. Perceptual aspects.
AB  - A study of the perception of vocal placement was carried out to determine if
      speakers and listeners could agree about the speakers' intents in "placing"
      productions of vowels and sentences at different locations in the vocal tract.
      The model tested divided the vocal tract into five volumes from the
      laryngopharynx to the lips. The results showed that naive listeners, as a group,
      achieved significant concordance of agreement with the speakers' intents in
      placement. The speakers were much superior to the naive listeners in a delayed
      judgement self-listening task. It was concluded that the vocal tract model has
      perceptual validity.

PMID- 4056085
TI  - Facial hair as a factor in speechreading performance.
AB  - Eleven hearing-impaired subjects were tested using a speechreading test employing
      the CID Everyday Sentence Lists read by a male speaker under four different
      conditions: full beard and moustache, trimmed beard and moustache, moustache
      only, and clean shaven. The results indicated that varying amounts of facial hair
      do not have significant effects on speechreading performance. Mean scores for
      speechreading performance decreased somewhat with reduction of facial hair,
      however, as confirmed by a test of linear trend (p less than 0.05).

PMID- 4056086
TI  - Goldenhar's syndrome: a case study.
AB  - Goldenhar's Syndrome, a rare symptom complex involving craniofacial and vertebral
      malformations, is reviewed and a detailed case history of a 19-mo-old exhibiting
      the syndrome is described. This multiple-problem child exhibited a 6-mo deficit
      in communication skills at 12 mo of age. After 6 mo of participation in a
      multidisciplinary early intervention program, including speech-language therapy,
      the child exhibits normal language although he has articulation problems
      consistent with his craniofacial defects.

PMID- 4056087
TI  - Airflow, volume, and durational characteristics of oral reading by the hearing
      impaired.
AB  - This study examined airflow, volume,and durational characteristics of speech
      produced by hearing-impaired subjects using a face-mask-pneumotachometer-pressure
      transducer system. Results or oral reading of a standard passage indicated that,
      in comparison to the normal-hearing subjects, the speech respiration of the
      hearing-impaired was characterized by high air consumption manifested as high air
      expenditure per syllable, high average expiratory airflow rates, and high peak
      airflow rates; frequent inspirations; inspirations at linguistically
      inappropriate places; short duration of expiration; and large individual
      differences. These characteristics were especially prominent among the more
      severely hearing-impaired individuals. Correlational analysis revealed that more
      frequent inspirations were associated with poorer overall speech proficiency
      while high air consumption was closely related to a breathy voice quality.

PMID- 4056088
TI  - Light microscopic analysis of Golgi-impregnated rat subthalamic neurons.
AB  - The neuronal morphology of the rat subthalamic nucleus (STH) was studied using
      Golgi techniques and Nissl stain. The results show that the somatic shapes of STH
      neurons vary from fusiform to oval or polygonal. Somatic cross-sectional areas
      vary between 140 microns2 and 440 microns2. Some of the cells have a few somatic
      spines. Two to six primary dendrites gave rise to tapering daughter dendrites
      which extend up to 500 microns. These dendrites are sparsely covered with spines.
      Some distal dendrites and primary dendrites of the STH also bear filiform
      appendages. Neurons located in the deep portion of the STH have oval dendritic
      fields whose long axis is parallel to the long axis of the nucleus in frontal or
      sagittal planes. Some of these neurons have one or two dendrites which cross the
      borders of the STH into the zona incerta, the lateral hypothalamus, or the
      cerebral peduncle. Generally, neurons located at the borders of the STH have
      their dendritic fields extending parallel to the borders and are confined to the
      nucleus. However, some neurons adjacent to the ventrolateral border of the
      nucleus have some dendrites extending into the cerebral peduncle. Quantitative
      analysis of the STH neurons showed a unimodal distribution of somatic sizes as
      well as the number of primary dendrites. No neurons with obvious Golgi type II
      characteristics were found. Two types of afferent fibers were observed entering
      the STH. One type consists of axon collaterals arising from the cerebral peduncle
      ventrolaterally, or the internal capsule rostrally, while the other enters the
      nucleus after crossing the internal capsule rostrally. These results suggest that
      the rat STH is an open nucleus in contrast to other species such as man, monkey,
      and cat, where it is closed, and that the rat STH may contain only one type of
      neuron.

PMID- 4056089
TI  - The effects of a 30 day period of environmental diversity on well-fed and
      previously undernourished rats: neuronal and synaptic measures in the visual
      cortex (area 17).
AB  - Black and white Lister hooded rats were undernourished from the 16th day of
      gestation until 25 postnatal days of age. These previously undernourished rats
      and a set of well-fed rats were later subjected to 30 days of environmental
      diversity, i.e., environmental enrichment or isolation. Two separate experiments
      were carried out. In experiment 1, the environmental diversity lasted from 85 to
      115 days of age and in experiment 2, from 35 to 65 days of age. At the end of the
      period of environmental diversity, all rats were killed by perfusion with 2%
      phosphate-buffered glutaraldehyde. Small pieces of tissue from the right visual
      cortex were embedded in Spurr's resin. For each rat two blocks of resin-embedded
      tissue were randomly selected, and from these semithin sections (0.5 micron) were
      cut and stained with toluidine blue. Photomicrographs of cortical layers II and
      III were taken from these sections and used to estimate the numerical density of
      neurons. Ultrathin (ca. 70 nm) sections of the same region of the cortex were cut
      and stained with lead citrate. These sections were used to estimate the synaptic
      disc diameter and numerical density. Synapse-to-neuron ratios were calculated
      from the estimates of synaptic and neuronal numerical densities. In experiment 1,
      well-fed rats raised in enriched environments had a significantly smaller
      neuronal numerical density and a greater synaptic disc diameter than well-fed
      rats raised in an impoverished environment. In experiment 2, neither the well-fed
      nor previously undernourished rats showed significant effects of environmental
      treatment on any of the features studied. The statistical interaction between
      nutrition and environment was not significant for any of the features in either
      experiment.

PMID- 4056090
TI  - The retinal projection to the cat pretectum.
AB  - Retinal ganglion cells were labeled retrogradely by localized injections of HRP
      into different regions of the pretectum, tectum, and optic tract in 26 cats.
      Retinal projection zones in the pretectum were labeled anterogradely in the same
      cats by intravitreal injections of 3H-proline. This allowed the HRP injection
      sites to be located with respect to the retinal termination zones. The form of
      the projection zones from retina to pretectum was determined from serial
      reconstructions of either coronal or horizontal sections. The zones are best
      distinguished in horizontal sections, where they are seen as four roughly
      parallel strips on either side of the brain. They are more-or-less parallel to
      the anterior border of the tectum, and appear to traverse the entire width of the
      retinal projection to the tectum. Each zone is similar in form for the
      ipsilateral and contralateral projections, although the contralateral projection
      is thicker and denser. Binocular injections of 3H-proline showed that the
      projections from the two eyes were in register and did not interdigitate. Cells
      labeled by HRP injections in the anteromedial end of the pretectum were
      concentrated in the lower nasal quadrant of the contralateral retina, and the
      lower temporal quadrant of the ipsilateral retina. Posterolateral injections
      labeled cells in the upper quadrants. There is thus a rough retinotopic mapping
      along the elongated axis of the pretectum. When the distributions of ganglion
      cells labeled by HRP injections to different parts of the pretectum are combined,
      they show a concentration in both the visual streak and area centralis, and
      thereby reflect, at least qualitatively, the relative spatial distribution of the
      entire ganglion-cell population. About 85% of the retinal projection to the
      pretectum is contralateral. For all of the HRP injections, the spatial density of
      labeled cells was always low, accounting for no more than 3% of the total spatial
      density of ganglion cells in any retinal region. Several types of ganglion cells
      were labeled following injections to most regions of the pretectum; these
      included alpha, beta, and epsilon cells, as well as small-bodied cells showing a
      variety of morphologic forms. Alpha cells were labeled mainly from the
      anterolateral end of the pretectum, but other cell types were labeled from all
      injected regions. In the peripheral retina, 2% of the labeled cells were alpha
      cells, 32% were beta cells, 19% were epsilon cells, and the remaining 47% were
      small cells whose dendrites only occasionally filled to any significant
      extent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4056091
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of serotonin in the rat periaqueductal gray: a
      quantitative light and electron microscopic study.
AB  - The distribution of serotonin-like immunoreactivity in five regions of the rodent
      midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) was studied by using light and electron
      microscopic immunohistochemistry in combination with quantitative analysis. Light
      microscopic analysis revealed the presence of serotonin-like immunoreactive cell
      bodies located in the ventrolateral and ventromedial regions of the caudal PAG
      and serotonin-like immunoreactive processes throughout the PAG. Ultrastructural
      analysis showed dendritic profiles that stained positively for serotonin
      primarily in ventral regions, although an occasional profile was seen dorsally.
      Numerous synaptic contacts between unstained axon terminals and ventral dendritic
      profiles were seen. Axonal profiles that contained reaction product were
      identified throughout the PAG, but were rarely observed to make any type of
      specialized contact. Ultrastructural quantification of serotonin-like
      immunoreactive processes indicated that the highest volume fraction of serotonin
      immunoreactivity occurred caudoventrally where stained processes constituted 2.6%
      of the neuropil volume. Rostroventrally stained processes constituted only 0.14%
      of the neuropil volume at the level of the posterior commissure. By contrast the
      amount of serotonin-like immunoreactivity found dorsally remained relatively
      constant at all rostrocaudal levels. Analysis of serotonin staining among PAG
      regions demonstrated the lowest overall volume fraction in the dorsal region and
      the highest overall volume fraction in the ventromedial region. No significant
      differences were observed between medial and lateral regions. A comparison of the
      results of light microscopic quantitative analysis of serotoninergic processes
      with electron microscopic quantitative analysis indicated that both techniques
      produce comparable results.

PMID- 4056092
TI  - Cytodifferentiation of photoreceptors in larval goldfish: delayed maturation of
      rods.
AB  - This study describes the differentiation of photoreceptors in larval goldfish
      retina. The earliest photoreceptors to differentiate were cones; 3H-fucose
      labeled cone but not rod outer segments in larval as well as adult goldfish. All
      major cone types known to be present in the adult goldfish retina (double cones,
      long and short single cones) were found in the larval retina by 2 days after
      hatching. The cones matured rapidly; within a few days they had well-developed
      outer segments and synaptic pedicles that were smaller, but otherwise similar to
      those in adults. Rods were slower to mature. Their outer segments were at first
      short, wide, and misshapen; only as they grew longer and narrower did they become
      straight and properly aligned. Rod spherules were first seen in fish older than 1
      month; immature rods contained perinuclear synaptic ribbons and invaginating
      processes penetrated the cell body. These results suggest that the influence of
      rods and cones on visual function in larval goldfish may be quite different from
      the adult.

PMID- 4056093
TI  - Reexamination of photoreceptor-bipolar connectivity patterns in carp retina: HRP
      EM and Golgi-EM studies.
AB  - On- and off-center bipolar cells were identified in the carp retina by means of
      intracellular recording, intracellular injection of HRP, and Golgi silver
      chromate impregnation. Light and electron microscopy revealed that these
      functionally different bipolar cells make synaptic contacts with both rods and
      cones, and that both on- and off-center cells can be further divided into two
      subtypes (I and II) according to the relationship between the position of their
      dendritic processes and the synaptic ribbons in the photoreceptor terminal. The
      type I on-center bipolar cell is characterized by a large cell body, a thick
      primary dendrite, and a big swelling of the axon terminal in the innermost part
      of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Dendritic processes of this cell type make
      predominantly ribbon contacts with rods and nonribbon contacts with cones. The
      type II on-center cell, having a large dendritic tree in the outer plexiform
      layer and a large ramification of the axon terminal extending over the inner part
      of the IPL makes mostly nonribbon contacts with rods and cones. Many of these
      type II cell processes, however, terminate very close to cone synaptic ribbons.
      The type I off-center cell shows two varieties in the axon terminal structure; a
      large terminal swelling or a large flat ramification of the terminal in the
      outermost part of the IPL. These cells make predominantly ribbon contacts with
      rods and cones. Usually, but not always, the process of a type I off-center cell
      runs parallel to the synaptic ridge apex of cones. The type II off-center cell,
      showing a large ramification of the axon terminal extending over the outer half
      of the IPL, makes mainly nonribbon contacts with rods and cones. The results from
      the HRP-EM study generally agree with those from the Golgi-EM study. A few
      discrepancies between the results obtained with these two techniques are noted
      and their implication is discussed.

PMID- 4056094
TI  - Distribution of central cholinergic neurons in the baboon (Papio papio). I.
      General morphology.
AB  - The morphological characteristics of cholinergic neurons in the central nervous
      system (CNS) of the baboon (Papio papio) were studied by choline
      acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemistry and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
      pharmacohistochemistry. The distributions of central cholinergic neurons as
      visualized by these two histochemical techniques were similar in most, but not
      all regions of the brain and spinal cord. Based upon these observations, central
      cholinergic neurons that are immunoreactive to ChAT and intensely stained for
      AChE by the pharmacohistochemical procedure can be divided into four major
      groups: (1) those in the caudate nucleus, putamen, nucleus accumbens and anterior
      perforated substance. These ChAT-containing and AChE-intense neurons are large
      and multipolar, and are scattered throughout these structures. (2) The rostral
      cholinergic column, which consists of a continuous mass of cholinergic perikarya
      situated in the medial septal nucleus, nucleus of the diagonal band, and nucleus
      basalis (Meynert). The ChAT-immunoreactive and AChE-intense cell bodies of the
      nucleus basalis are a prominent feature in the basal forebrain of the baboon. The
      labeled neurons are large, multipolar, and hyperchromic and show a tendency to
      aggregate in cell clusters. These cells are distributed within the full extent of
      the substantia innominata, often being associated with subcortical fiber networks
      such as the medullary laminae of the globus pallidus. (3) The caudal cholinergic
      column, which consists of a continuous group of cholinergic neurons in the caudal
      midbrain and pontine tegmentum. The rostral component of this group of cells is
      the nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus (subnucleus compacta) and it extends
      caudally to include the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus. Compared to that in other
      species the nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus in the baboon appears to occupy a
      relatively greater volume and is composed of a greater number of cholinergic
      neurons. The cells of the caudal column are large and hyperchromic. (4) Nuclei of
      origin of somatic and visceral efferents of the cranial nerves (III, IV, V, VI,
      VII, IX, X, XI, XII) and spinal nerves. In addition to these major cholinergic
      cell groups, a small population of ChAT-positive and AChE-intense cell bodies can
      be observed at the floor of the fourth ventricle and in lamina VII and X of the
      cervical cord. The present findings indicate that although some differences
      exist, the overall distribution and morphological features of cholinergic cell
      bodies identified in the baboon brain and spinal cord are similar to those
      demonstrated previously in investigations of the rhesus monkey and nonprimates.

PMID- 4056095
TI  - Distribution of central cholinergic neurons in the baboon (Papio papio). II. A
      topographic atlas correlated with catecholamine neurons.
AB  - The topographic distribution of central cholinergic and catecholaminergic neurons
      has been investigated in the baboon (Papio papio). The perikarya were mapped on
      an atlas through the brain and spinal cord employing sections processed for
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) pharmacohistochemistry coupled with choline
      acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemistry or aqueous catecholamine
      fluorescence histochemistry. Compared with subprimates, there is a remarkable
      increase in the volume occupied by and the number of cholinergic cells contained
      in the nucleus basalis and nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus (subnucleus
      compacta). The elaboration of these parts of the cholinergic system is
      accompanied by a large extension of catecholaminergic cell groups in the midbrain
      (groups A8-A10), particularly the substantia nigra (pars compacta), and in the
      dorsolateral pontine tegmentum (A5-A7 complex). Although cholinergic and
      catecholaminergic soma generally occupy distinctly different regions of the
      brain, a close apposition of cholinergic and noradrenergic neurons occurs in the
      dorsolateral pontine tegmentum. In the peripeduncular region ChAT-positive cells
      and green fluorescent neurons of the A6-A7 complex form parallel lines and do not
      intermingle as has previously been demonstrated in the cat. Two distribution
      patterns, aggregated or disseminated, are another common feature of central
      cholinergic and catecholaminergic perikarya. The cholinergic neurons in the
      nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus and the catecholaminergic neurons in A6-A7
      complex display both patterns. This comparative study of three transmitter
      systems in the baboon suggests that the cholinergic as well as the
      catecholaminergic neurons that give rise to ascending telencephalic and dorsal
      diencephalic projections undergo phylogenetic development in terms of cell number
      and nuclear volume.

PMID- 4056096
TI  - Microtubules and caliber of central and peripheral processes of sensory axons.
AB  - The microtubular content and caliber of sensory axons were studied in the L7
      dorsal root, at the distal pole of the L7 spinal ganglion, and in the sural nerve
      of cats. Calibers of myelinated axons were symmetrical about the ganglion. In
      contrast, nonmedullated axons were strikingly different; 80% of the population at
      the root were smaller than 0.4 micron2, whilst just across the ganglion the same
      group was less than 20%. The microtubule densities of myelinated axons of the
      root were 11.8 and 6.1 microtubules/micron2 for 3- and 10 microns diameter axons,
      respectively. Across the ganglion the densities of myelinated axons of equal
      sizes were 24.2 and 14.4 microtubules/micron2, respectively. These values
      represent an approximate ratio of 1:2 between central and peripheral microtubule
      densities. Microtubule densities for nonmedullated axons also decreased with the
      increase in the cross-sectional area. The densities of root nonmedullated axons
      ranged between 90 and 10 microtubules/micron2; these were smaller, usually by a
      factor of three, than the densities of peripheral axons of a similar size (range:
      367-44). Contrasting with the differences observed across the ganglion, the
      microtubular content and caliber of sensory axons seems to be quite uniform along
      their peripheral course. This is supported by the similar values found in the
      juxtaganglionic and sural nerves. It is estimated that an axon that contains 90
      microtubules/micron2 has 26.7 mg of tubulin per ml of axoplasm in its assembled
      form, and 3.0 mg/ml if it contains 10 microtubules/micron2; these values are the
      practical limits of assembled tubulin in axoplasms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4056097
TI  - Torpedo electromotor system development: neuronal cell death and electric organ
      development in the fourth branchial arch.
AB  - The fourth branchial arch of Torpedo marmorata has been examined at the light and
      electron microscopic level during development. Of interest was the determination
      of the extent of electric organ tissue reported to be present in this arch and
      its possible relationship to electromotoneuron cell death in the electric lobes.
      The main electric organ of the torpedo is derived from the hyoid and first three
      branchial arches and is innervated by four major electromotor nerves. Extensive
      electromotoneuron cell death occurs in the electric lobes and most notably in the
      posterior poles. This feature could be due to a tendency for these neurons to
      innervate the fourth branchial arch where little or no electric tissue is formed.
      Our findings support this conclusion but are not entirely consistent with the
      idea that a population mismatch has occurred. This is because cell death precedes
      the genesis of the target cells. The presence of innervated differentiated
      electric tissue in this arch is also reported, leading to the conclusion that
      Torpedo marmorata possesses an accessory electric organ.

PMID- 4056098
TI  - Organization of the nigrothalamocortical system in the rhesus monkey.
AB  - The nigrothalamocortical connections and their topography were analyzed by
      autoradiography and double or triple retrograde labeling with the fluorescent
      dyes Fast Blue, Diamidino Yellow, and Propidium Iodide. Injections of tritiated
      leucine into different parts of the substantia nigra (SN) revealed that the
      medial SN projects to the medial magnocellular subdivisions of the ventral
      anterior (VAmc) and mediodorsal (MDmc) nuclei of the thalamus while the lateral
      SN projects to the more lateral and more posterior part of the VAmc, and the
      paralaminar, parvicellular, and densocellular subdivisions of the mediodorsal
      nucleus (MDmf, MDpc, and MDdc). With the exception of the MDmf, terminal areas
      observed in the mediodorsal nucleus were in the form of scattered clusters of
      grains. Analysis of the thalamus in cases with fluorescent dye injections into
      the lateral orbital gyrus (Walker's area 11), principal sulcus (area 46),
      anterior bank of the arcuate gyrus (areas 8 and 45), supplementary motor area
      (area 6), and motor cortex (area 4) revealed topographic organization of the
      nigrothalamocortical projection system. The parts of the VAmc and MDmc which
      receive afferents from the medial part of the SN in turn project to the most
      anterior regions of the frontal lobe including principal sulcus and orbital
      cortex. The lateral posterior VAmc, MDmf, MDpc, and MDdc, all of which receive
      afferents from the lateral part of the SN; project to more posterior regions of
      the frontal lobe including, in addition to the principal sulcus, the frontal eye
      field and also areas of the premotor cortex. These findings indicate that the SN
      has preferential targets in the thalamus and cerebral cortex which are segregated
      from those of the globus pallidus and cerebellum. Whereas the motor cortex is the
      primary target of cerebellar output (Asanuma et al., '83b), and the premotor
      cortex is the target of pallidal output (Schell and Strick, '84), the SN output
      appears to be directed more anteriorally--to the prefrontal cortex.

PMID- 4056099
TI  - A comparative analysis of the development of the primary somatosensory cortex:
      interspecies similarities during barrel and laminar development.
AB  - The development of the barrels and layers II-V was examined in Nissl-stained
      preparations of the primary somatosensory cortex in six species--hamster, mouse,
      rat, gerbil, rabbit, and guinea pig--that have increasingly longer gestation
      periods. The barrels and layers II-V begin to differentiate postnatally during
      the first week postpartum in the hamster, mouse, rat and gerbil; perinatally in
      the rabbit; and approximately 4 weeks prenatally in the guinea pig. The structure
      of the barrels and layers II-V is similar at the onset of their differentiation
      in each species, even though there are interspecies differences in the mature
      structure of the barrels and layer V. The rate of the initial differentiation of
      the barrels and layers II-V is also similar in each species, even though there
      are considerable interspecies differences in the duration of the preceding period
      of development. In each species, layer V begins to differentiate first from the
      cortical plate and, within 1 or 2 days, contains sublayers that eventually
      disappear in the rabbit and guinea pig. About 3 days after the initial
      differentiation of layer V, layers II-IV begin to differentiate, seemingly
      simultaneously, causing the cortical plate to have a trilaminar appearance.
      Barrels are first evident just before the appearance of the trilaminar plate in
      hamsters; concomitant with the trilaminar plate in mice, rats, and guinea pigs;
      and just after the trilaminar plate in gerbils and rabbits. Septa appear 1 or 2
      days after the barrels except in rabbits, which never have septa. Barrel
      maturation proceeds rapidly after the initial appearance in all species except
      the hamster, in which continued maturation seems to be delayed until the
      appearance of the trilaminar plate. The barrels in immature rats and rabbits
      become more prominent than they will eventually be in the adults. Our results
      indicate a close and rapid developmental affiliation between layers II-V,
      especially layers II-IV, that seems quite separate from the development of layers
      I and VI. However, barrel development and differentiation of layers II-IV seem to
      be closely, but independently initiated. Secondary remodeling occurs in layer V
      and the barrels of some species.

PMID- 4056100
TI  - Gradual changes in the structure of the barrels during maturation of the primary
      somatosensory cortex in the rat.
AB  - The maturation of the barrel field in the primary somatosensory cortex was
      observed in Nissl-stained preparations from rats ranging in age from 12 days to
      1.5 years postpartum. Prior to the 20th day, the barrels in the rat resemble
      those of the mouse and have distinct cell-sparse hollows that are surrounded by
      cell-dense sides. They span the full thickness of layer IV. Between the 20th and
      34th days, the barrels in only the posteromedial part of the barrel field
      gradually change and the distinction between the hollows and sides is lost
      throughout all but the deepest part of layer IV. The resulting mature barrels are
      relatively indistinct and have a uniformly high cell density that extends well
      into the supragranular layers. In contrast, the barrels in the anterolateral part
      of the barrel field remain essentially unchanged. The remodeling apparently is
      not due passively to cortical growth because, by P20, the thicknesses of the
      cortical layers and the dimensions of the barrels are virtually the same as in
      the adult. Several mechanisms are considered that may account for the changes.
      These include a redistribution of the neurons that originally were in barrel
      sides; a reduction in the neuropil between the neurons that originally were
      within hollows; and differential growth of layer IV dendrites. The changes in the
      barrel structure may be related to the differentiation and quantity of
      innervation in the hairy skin between the vibrissae.

PMID- 4056101
TI  - Freeze-fracture study of filipin binding in photoreceptor outer segments and
      pigment epithelium of dystrophic and normal retinas.
AB  - We have studied sterol distribution in the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE)
      microvillous and outer segment disc membranes of rats with inherited retinal
      degeneration (RCS; RCS-p/+) and of normal genetic controls (RCS-rdy+, RCS-rdy+
      p/+) by using the polyene antibiotic filipin, which binds specifically to 3-B
      hydroxy-sterols, and freeze-fracture techniques. Retinas were perfusion-fixed,
      incubated with filipin in the same fixative, and prepared routinely for freeze
      fracture electron microscopy. In the normal retina, the distribution of filipin
      binding sites on both RPE microvillous and outer segment disc membranes changes
      during development. Prior to outer segment elongation and the onset of
      phagocytosis (10 days postnatal), filipin sterol complexes are homogeneously
      distributed in both microvillous and outer segment membranes. With the onset of
      phagocytosis (2 weeks postnatal and later) filipin binding in both tissues forms
      a proximal-to-distal gradient, and binding sites decrease as distance from the
      cell body increases. In the normal RPE microvillous membranes, binding sites are
      numerous proximally and sparse on the distal tips. In the normal outer segment
      disc membranes, binding sites are often present on the basal discs, but are
      sparse on the intact apical discs prior to shedding. As the discs are cast off
      and engulfed by the RPE, however, filipin binding increases on both disc and
      phagosome membranes. In the dystrophic retina, the distribution of filipin
      binding sites differs from the normal. First, in the microvillous membranes, the
      proximal-to-distal gradient in filipin binding is rarely present at 2 weeks
      postnatal and becomes prominent only after the buildup of membranous debris has
      begun (3-5 weeks postnatal). Second, as the photoreceptors degenerate and the
      membrane debris disappears (4 months postnatal), filipin binding on the
      microvillous membranes becomes relatively sparse and homogeneous. Third, filipin
      binding on the intact disc membranes does not change with outer segment
      elongation, and numerous filipin binding sites are present on both apical and
      basal outer segment disc membranes. Fourth, large aggregates of filipin binding
      sites occupy the vast expanses of particle-free areas of debris membranes which
      accumulate between the photoreceptors and the RPE. These changes in the amount
      and distribution of filipin binding sites in the dystrophic retina add to the
      evidence that the disease process involves outer segment as well as RPE membranes
      and suggest that alterations in cholesterol distribution could contribute to the
      phagocytic defect.

PMID- 4056102
TI  - Spinal motoneurons of the larval zebrafish.
AB  - Application of horseradish peroxidase to lesions of the muscles and the central
      nervous system of larval zebrafish Brachydanio rerio was used to identify several
      types of neurons present in the spinal cord. The spinal cord was found to contain
      three distinct motoneuronal types: primary and secondary motoneurons that
      innervate the axial muscles, and pectoral fin motoneurons that innervate the
      muscles of the pectoral girdle. The cell types are similar to those described in
      larvae of other anamniote vertebrates. The axial muscles of a given hemisegment
      are innervated by two or three primary motoneurons and a larger number of
      secondary motoneurons in the corresponding spinal segment, whereas fin muscles
      are innervated by a pool of motoneurons spanning several spinal segments.

PMID- 4056103
TI  - Connections of area 2 of somatosensory cortex with the anterior pulvinar and
      subdivisions of the ventroposterior complex in macaque monkeys.
AB  - The principal goal of the present study was to determine the thalamic connections
      of area 2 of postcentral somatosensory cortex of monkeys. The placement of
      injections of anatomical tracers (horseradish peroxidase, wheat germ agglutinin,
      or 3H-proline) was guided by extensive microelectrode maps of cortex in the
      region of the injection site. These maps identified the body parts represented in
      the cortex included in the injection site, and provided information about the
      physiological boundaries of area 2, which was related later to the cortical
      architecture. Most injections were placed in the representation of the hand in
      area 2, which was highly responsive to cutaneous stimuli and could be mapped in
      detail. Injections were also placed in other parts of area 2, area 1, or area 5,
      and some injections involved more than one area. As other investigators have
      determined, regions of retrograde and anterograde thalamic label overlapped,
      demonstrating that connections with cortex are reciprocal. Injections completely
      confined to area 2 consistently produced label in two locations: the anterior
      pulvinar (Pa) and a dorsal capping zone of the ventroposterior complex that we
      term the ventroposterior superior nucleus (VPS). Single restricted injection
      sites resulted in one region of label in VPS, and multiple foci of label in Pa.
      In some cases where the injection was confined to the representation of the hand
      in area 2, label was also found more ventrally in the ventroposterior complex in
      ventroposterior nucleus proper (VP). Thus, area 2 receives input from Pa, VPS,
      and, at least in some locations and individuals, VP. Injections of tracers into
      area 1 confirmed previous findings that area 1 is densely interconnected with VP.
      In addition, there appear to be sparse connections with VPS. There was no
      evidence of connections with Pa. Evidence from injection sites that extended from
      area 2 into areas 5 and 7, and from injection sites in area 5, indicates that the
      lateral posterior nucleus (LP) projects to rostral areas 5 and 7. The results
      support the conclusion that area 2 is a functionally distinct subdivision of
      somatosensory cortex, and indicate that area 2 has thalamic connections that are
      characteristic of both "sensory" (VP and VPS) and "association" (Pa) cortical
      fields.

PMID- 4056104
TI  - An analysis of the origins of the cholinergic and noncholinergic septal
      projections to the hippocampal formation of the rat.
AB  - These experiments were directed at determining the proportion and distribution of
      cholinergic septal cells which project to the rat hippocampal formation.
      Injections of WGA-HRP were placed into different regions of the hippocampal
      formation and sections through the septal complex were processed for the
      simultaneous demonstration of the retrogradely transported marker and for choline
      acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity. Preliminary analysis of adjacent
      normal series prepared either for the demonstration of ChAT or stained by the
      Nissl method demonstrated several distinct cell groups in the classically defined
      medial septal nucleus and vertical limb of the nucleus of the diagonal band. The
      groups of cells ranged from almost entirely ChAT-positive to entirely
      noncholinergic. On the basis of shape and size of the constituent cells, the ChAT
      positive cells of the septal complex were divided into dorsal, intermediate, and
      ventral subdivisions. The proportion of retrogradely labeled cells that were also
      ChAT positive ranged from 22.8% to 77.4% in different experiments. When only the
      hippocampus and dentate gyrus are considered, this variation can largely be
      accounted for by the topographic organization of the septohippocampal projection.
      The medial, noncholinergic half of the medial septal nucleus projects primarily
      to the rostral or septal portions of the dentate gyrus and hippocampus, whereas
      the lateral half, in which the dorsal ChAT group is located, projects heavily to
      more temporal levels. Rostral portions of the hippocampus and dentate gyrus
      receive most of their cholinergic input from the ventral ChAT cell group which
      forms a major component of the vertical limb of the nucleus of the diagnoal band.
      While some ChAT-positive cells in the intermediate group project to the
      hippocampal formation, they are generally less numerous than those from the
      dorsal and ventral groups. However, in a control experiment in which the WGA-HRP
      injection was placed into the cingulate cortex overlying the rostral hippocampal
      formation, the intermediate ChAT group accounted for 71.2% of the double-labeled
      cells.

PMID- 4056105
TI  - Morphology of terminations of small and large myelinated trigeminal primary
      afferent fibers in the cat.
AB  - Horseradish peroxidase was injected intra-axonally into functionally identified
      cutaneous primary afferent fibers in the cat's spinal trigeminal nucleus in order
      to study the morphology of their central terminations. They were determined
      physiologically to be large, myelinated primary afferents including vibrissa, G1
      hair, and slowly adapting type I afferents, as well as small, myelinated primary
      afferents including D-hair and A-delta high-threshold mechanoreceptive (HTM)
      afferents. The axons were stained for distances of 4-12 mm at the levels of the
      subnuclei interpolaris (Vi) and caudalis (Vc) of the spinal trigeminal nucleus.
      The collaterals of large, myelinated primary afferents formed terminal arbors in
      the outer part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus when they were rostral to or near
      the obex (rostral-type collaterals), in lamina V when in the rostral part of Vc
      (caudalis-type collaterals), and in lamina III/IV when in the caudal part of Vc
      (spinal dorsal horn-type collaterals). There were no transitional forms between
      the rostral and caudalis types, but there was a transitional type which
      terminated in laminae III/IV and V between the caudalis and spinal dorsal horn
      types. Major morphological differences were not observed among the three
      functional types of large, myelinated primary afferents. The collaterals of D
      hair afferents showed the same types of collaterals as were seen in the large,
      myelinated primary afferents, except that terminal arbors of the spinal dorsal
      horn-type collaterals were distributed in lamina IIb in addition to lamina
      III/IV. Collaterals of A-delta HTM afferents formed extensive terminal arbors in
      the superficial part of Vi. In Vc they were distributed mainly in lamina I and
      few terminals existed in lamina IIa. The frequency of collaterals of A-delta HTM
      afferents was less than that of the other types of afferents. The collaterals of
      A-delta HTM afferents in Vi were distributed less frequently than those in Vc.
      The terminal arbors of A-delta HTM afferents were less extensive than those of
      the other types of afferents. The average size of varicosities of A-delta HTM
      afferents was smaller and that of vibrissa afferents was larger than that of the
      other types of afferents. This study demonstrated that there are large
      differences in the terminations of nociceptive and non-nociceptive primary
      afferents and that Vi receives direct nociceptive input from facial skin.
      However, the sparse distribution of collaterals of HTM afferents in Vi suggests
      that the rostral trigeminal nucleus contributes partially to sensory processing
      of facial pain.

PMID- 4056106
TI  - The development of acetylcholinesterase activity in normal and transplanted
      superior colliculus in rats.
AB  - Histochemical techniques have been used to examine the development of the enzyme
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in normal and transplanted rat superior colliculus
      (SC). At birth (P0), relatively little AChE activity was found in SC in situ;
      however, there was a gradual increase in the intensity of AChE staining in the SC
      over the first 4 postnatal weeks. In the superficial layers, an increase in AChE
      activity was first seen in rostromedial SC at P6 and was found throughout the
      upper tectal layers by P10. An increase in AChE activity in the intermediate
      layers was apparent by P12 and the adult pattern, characterized by periodic bands
      of AChE staining, was established by P22. In tectal grafts, the development of
      AChE activity followed a time course similar to that found in normal SC. Mature
      tectal grafts contained moderate AChE activity with AChE-positive cells scattered
      throughout the neuropil. There were however, localized, often spherically shaped
      areas which displayed relatively intense AChE activity. These AChE-dense areas
      had a characteristic appearance in adjacent sections stained for Nissl or
      neurofibrils. Significantly, host retinal input, where present, was always
      restricted to the AChE-dense regions and it seems certain that these areas are
      homologous to the superficial layers of normal SC. AChE-rich regions were also
      present, however, in grafts which received no retinal input and in general the
      pattern of AChE activity in tectal grafts was strikingly similar, irrespective of
      their location or connections with the host brain. It would appear, therefore,
      that much of the AChE activity in tectal transplants, and presumably in SC in
      situ, is intrinsic to that region and not derived from or dependent upon
      extrinsic innervation.

PMID- 4056107
TI  - Ultrastructural characterization of synaptic terminals formed on newly generated
      neurons in a song control nucleus of the adult canary forebrain.
AB  - The fine structure of synaptic terminals contacting neurons generated in the
      forebrain of adult male canaries was investigated by autoradiography and electron
      microscopy. The procedure for labeling the new neurons included pretreating adult
      canaries with 3H-thymidine and sacrificing them 23-45 days later. Neurons were
      identified as newly generated by the presence of 3H-thymidine in the cell
      nucleus. The new neurons in the nucleus hyperstriatum ventralis, pars caudalis
      (HVc) were identified by autoradiography and light microscopy and examined with
      electron microscopy. Several types of synaptic terminals contacted the cell body
      and proximal dendrites of the newly formed neurons. Synaptic junctions were
      formed by terminals that contained spherical, agranular vesicles, large dense
      core vesicles and spherical, agranular vesicles, and pleomorphic or flattened
      synaptic vesicles. Terminals that contained spherical vesicles were most often
      associated with asymmetric synaptic densities, and terminals that contained
      pleomorphic or flattened vesicles formed symmetric junctions. New neurons were
      also contacted by small terminals that contained few vesicles and had little pre-
      or postsynaptic density associated with the junction; these terminals may be a
      special type or may be in the process of developing their synaptic contact with
      the new neuron. In addition, rare terminals that appeared to be degenerating or
      to contain debris from other degenerating neural elements contacted new neurons.
      In summary, these data indicate that the new neurons, which are known to be
      inserted into existing neural networks, receive synaptic input from at least
      three different sources.

PMID- 4056108
TI  - Topographic organization of facial motoneurons to individual pinna muscles in rat
      (Rattus rattus) and bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus).
AB  - The location and number of motoneurons to individual pinna muscles were
      determined by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase in rat and flying
      fox. The degree of ear mobility differs considerably between these species in
      that rats perform simpler ear movements while flying foxes move their pinnae in a
      sophisticated way. Five pinna muscles were investigated in each species.
      Motoneurons lay within the medial subdivision of the facial motor nucleus
      extending over its entire rostrocaudal length. They were topographically
      organized; however, a somatotopic order could not be observed. With one exception
      homologous pinna muscles were represented in corresponding areas in both species,
      supporting the idea of a common representation of ear muscles in mammals. In rat,
      motoneuron pools overlapped considerably, whereas in flying fox overlap was
      minute. A total of 1,110 and 1,646 motoneurons were labeled in rat and flying
      fox, respectively. We conclude that the higher number of pinna motoneurons in the
      latter species in addition to the more clear-cut topography provide the
      structural substrates that underlie differences in the quality of ear movements
      as seen in bats vis-a-vis other mammals.

PMID- 4056109
TI  - Projections from the cochlear nucleus to the inferior colliculus in normal and
      neonatally cochlea-ablated gerbils.
AB  - The distribution of the projection from one cochlear nucleus (CN) within each
      inferior colliculus (IC) was studied in adult, normal gerbils and adult gerbils
      subjected to unilateral ablation of the contralateral cochlea at 2 days of age.
      The projection was studied by using the Fink-Heimer technique for impregnating
      degenerating axons and their terminal processes with silver. Following an
      extensive, unilateral lesion of the CN, degeneration was seen in both ICs of all
      animals. In normal animals, degeneration was both more widespread and heavier in
      the contralateral than in the ipsilateral central nucleus of IC (ICC).
      Degeneration was most widespread in the rostral and lateral parts of both ICCs
      and in the ventral part of the contralateral ICC. Degeneration was observed in
      26% of the area examined in ipsilateral ICC and in 73% of the area examined in
      contralateral ICC. In cochlea-ablated animals there was a much greater similarity
      in the area of degeneration in the ICC ipsilateral (57%) and contralateral (67%)
      to the CN lesion. The same regional distributions of degeneration were observed
      as in the normal animals except that the distribution of degeneration in the
      ipsilateral ICC more closely resembled the normal contralateral than the normal
      ipsilateral profile. We conclude that the normal distribution of projections from
      the CN within the ipsilateral ICC is substantially modified by neonatal ablation
      of the contralateral cochlea.

PMID- 4056110
TI  - A quantitative electron microscope study of the perikaryal projections of sensory
      ganglion neurons. II. Gecko and lizard.
AB  - The perikaryal projections of the neurons in the thoracic spinal ganglia of gecko
      and lizard usually appear as finger-shaped evaginations running roughly parallel
      to the surface of the nerve cell body; they show a nearly circular cross section
      with a rather uniform transverse diameter having an average value of about 0.2
      micron. In both gecko and lizard a very high correlation was found between the
      surface area of perikaryal projections and both the volume and smoothed surface
      area of the corresponding nerve cell body. The results of the present research
      agree with those obtained in a previous study on two mammal species (cat and
      rabbit) and lend further support to the hypothesis advanced in that study; i.e.,
      that perikaryal projections in sensory ganglion neurons are normal formations
      which maintain the surface-to-volume ratio above the critical level for metabolic
      exchanges. Perikaryal projections increase the surface area of the nerve cell
      body by 32.5% in gecko and 30% in lizard, while they increase it by 43% in cat
      and 39.5% in rabbit. This difference may be related to the lower metabolic rate
      of the neurons in poikilotherms than in mammals.

PMID- 4056111
TI  - Morphology, central projections, and dendritic field orientation of retinal
      ganglion cells in the ferret.
AB  - Retinal ganglion cells were studied in pigmented ferrets that received small
      electrophoretic injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the dorsal
      lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) or optic tract. Ferret retina contains a number
      of types of retinal ganglion cells of which the relative cell body sizes,
      dendritic field structures, and central projections correspond closely to those
      of retinal ganglion cell types in the cat. Ferret retina contains about the same
      proportion of alphalike cells, a lower proportion of betalike cells, and thus a
      high proportion of other types of ganglion cells than cat retina. Ferret retina
      has a visual streak and somewhat weaker area centralis than cat retina. Changes
      in ganglion cell morphology associated with eccentricity are less pronounced in
      the ferret than in the cat. The adult ferret retina is about 12.5 mm in diameter,
      and the nasotemporal division is about 2.7 mm from the temporal margin.
      Interestingly, virtually all alpha cells in the pigmented ferrets studied
      projected contralaterally. Studies of infant ferrets indicate that 4 days after
      birth (P4) the area of ferret retina is 25% that of the adult. The neonatal
      ferret retina contains numerous small, densely packed cells in the presumptive
      ganglion cell layer. At P4 these cells appear to be uniformly distributed across
      the retina. The area centralis and visual streak are not obvious as late as 8
      days after birth.

PMID- 4056112
TI  - Cerebellar external granule cells are attached to the basal lamina from the onset
      of migration up to the end of their proliferative activity.
AB  - The development of cerebellar external granule cells in rats was studied from the
      time of demarcation of the cerebellar anlage on embryonal day 12 up to the time
      of their disappearance on postnatal day 20. Two types of cells were found. The
      first was orientated tangentially to the cerebellar surface and was characterized
      by a persistent contact to the basal lamina via an external process, with a
      lamellopodial tip and a cytoskeleton characteristic for migratory cells, and a
      retracting internal process featuring a single cilium. This cell type was the
      first to appear on embryonal day 14 in the caudolateral angle of the cerebellar
      anlage and, later, spread over the whole cerebellar surface. It disappeared after
      the external granular layer was completely expanded over the cerebellum. The
      second cell type appeared for the first time on embryonal day 16 in the caudal
      part of the cerebellar anlage and disappeared on postnatal day 20. It was
      orientated radially and also had contact with the basal lamina either with its
      cell body or with one or two short, radial processes, whose morphology differed
      from that of the external process of tangential cells by the absence of a
      lamellopodium and a prominent cytoskeleton. After postnatal day 17 contacts of
      external granule cells with the basal lamina decreased rapidly in length and
      number and were absent on postnatal day 20. We interpret these findings to
      indicate that tangential external granule cells are migrating before taking on a
      radial orientation characteristic for the mitotic cycle of proliferating external
      granule cells. In the light of increasing evidence implicating extracellular
      matrix in various developmental events of the nervous system we propose that the
      basal lamina of the cerebellum may be used as substrate and guidance structure by
      migrating external granule cells, and, furthermore, that the persistent contact
      with the basal lamina may mediate stimuli maintaining external granule cells in a
      proliferative state.

PMID- 4056113
TI  - Thalamic projections to motor, prefrontal, and somatosensory cortex in the sheep
      studied by means of the horseradish peroxidase retrograde transport method.
AB  - In this study the motor, prefrontal, and somatosensory areas of the sheep
      cerebral cortex were defined on the basis of their thalamic afferents traced with
      the horseradish peroxidase method. The motor area (areas 4 and 6) occupies the
      cruciate gyrus. It receives a substantial projection from the thalamic nuclei
      ventralis anterior, ventralis lateralis, medialis dorsalis, and centralis
      lateralis and a smaller one from the nuclei ventralis medialis, centralis
      medialis, paracentralis, lateralis dorsalis, lateralis posterior, centromedianus,
      parafascicularis, suprageniculatus, ventralis posterolateralis, and the midline
      nuclei. Area 4 receives afferents mainly from the nuclei ventralis anterior,
      ventralis lateralis, medialis dorsalis, and lateralis posterior, whereas area 6
      receives afferents mainly from the nuclei ventralis anterior, medialis dorsalis,
      and lateralis posterior and fewer afferents from the nucleus ventralis medialis.
      The prefrontal area occupies the gyrus proreus and receives numerous afferents
      from the nucleus medialis dorsalis and fewer from the nuclei lateralis posterior
      and ventralis medialis. The area extending between the lateral fissure, the
      coronal sulcus, the presylvian sulcus, and the rostral branch of the lateral
      fissure is connected mainly with sensory thalamic nuclei. Thalamic afferents were
      found to emanate from the nuclei ventralis posteromedialis (its parvicellular
      part included), ventralis posterolateralis, ventralis medialis, paracentralis,
      lateralis posterior, medialis dorsalis, centromedianus, suprageniculatus,
      paraventricularis, the substantia nigra, and the ventral part of the lateral
      geniculate nucleus. The first somatosensory area (Johnson et al., '74, J. Comp.
      Neurol. 158:81-108) was found to extend between the coronal, the diagonal, and
      the anterior suprasylvian sulci and to receive afferents almost exclusively from
      the nucleus ventralis posteromedialis.

PMID- 4056114
TI  - Origin of interhemispheric fibers in acallosal opossum (with a comparison to
      callosal origins in rat).
AB  - The neocortical origins of the anterior commissure in the acallosal, marsupial
      opossum were studied with the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. Following
      complete surgical transection of the anterior commissure, HRP was applied
      directly to the cut fiber tips. This procedure resulted in very large numbers of
      vividly labeled cells within the neocortex. The labeled cells were plotted and
      counted for comparison among cytoarchitectonic areas and among cortical layers.
      For comparative purposes, the neocortical origins of the corpus callosum are
      studied with the same procedure in the rat. No cytoarchitectonic area was
      entirely devoid of labeled cells in either species. The concentration of labeled
      cells throughout the entire neocortex averaged 25.2 cells/0.05 mm3 in opossum and
      31.2 cells/0.05 mm3 in rat. The concentrations of labeled cells were correlated
      for the eight cytoarchitectonic areas common to the two species, though they were
      different enough in number to be statistically reliable. The distribution of
      labeled cells both among and within cytoarchitectonic areas was often more
      homogeneous in opossum than in rat. Although cortical layer 1 had no labeled
      cells in either species, the distribution of labeled cells across the remaining
      cortical layers differed sharply between the two species. In opossum, layer 3 had
      the most labeled cells (averaging 55% of the total number) while layer 5 had
      considerably less (averaging 12%). In rat, layer 5 had as many labeled cells as
      layer 3--both layers averaging 43% of the total number of labeled cells. In both
      species, striate cortex deviated markedly from other cytoarchitectonic areas.
      Although both species had very few labeled cells in striate cortex, those that
      were labeled were invariably supragranular in opossum and infragranular in rat.
      The similarities and dissimilarities in the topographic distribution of the
      origins of the two types of interhemispheric fiber systems seem to parallel the
      degree of cortical (and thalamic) differentiation in the two animals. However,
      the differences in laminar distribution are much greater and in particular, the
      small contribution of layer 5 in opossum as opposed to rat may well be
      functionally significant.

PMID- 4056115
TI  - The structure of the brainstem and cervical spinal cord in lungless salamanders
      (family plethodontidae) and its relation to feeding.
AB  - We present an HRP study of the sensory tracts and motor nuclei associated with
      feeding (especially use of the tongue) in plethodontid salamanders (mainly
      Batrachoseps attenuatus, Bolitoglossa subpalmata, Desmognathus ochrophaeus,
      Eurycea bislineata, and Plethodon jordani). The nerves studied are VII (ramus
      hyomandibularis only), IX, X, XI, the first spinal nerve (hypoglossus), and the
      second spinal nerve. Two types of sensory projections are universally found in
      the brainstem: superficial somatosensory projections of VII, IX, and X, and
      deeper visceral sensory projections of IX and X to the fasciculus soltarius. The
      first spinal nerve and the spinal accessory nerve (XI) have no sensory
      projections, but the second spinal nerve has typical projections along the dorsal
      funiculus of the spinal cord. The motor nuclei of VII ramus hyomandibularis, IX,
      and X form a combined nucleus situated at the level of the IX/X root complex. The
      nucleus of the first spinal nerve is well separated from the combined nucleus and
      is situated rostral and caudal to the obex. The rostral part of the motor nucleus
      of the second spinal modestly overlaps that of the first. The motor nucleus of
      the spinal accessory nerve is more or less restricted to the region of the second
      spinal nerve. Its fibers leave the brain through the last root of the IX/X
      complex and the related ganglion. Bolitoglossine and nonbolitoglossine differ in
      the architecture of the spinal nuclei. Two distinct types of motor neurons occur
      in spinal nuclei of nonbolitoglossine species--some of those with tongue
      projection--but only one type is found among the tongue-projecting bolitoglossine
      group.

PMID- 4056117
TI  - Aplasia cutis congenita.
AB  - We report a family with aplasia cutis congenita, an extremely rare condition.
      Particular attention is paid to the clinical, etiologic, and genetic
      characteristics. The only possible treatment, as in the first case in this
      family, is excision and reconstruction by dermatologic surgery procedures.

PMID- 4056116
TI  - Clinical and histologic differentiation between lymphomatoid papulosis and
      pityriasis lichenoides.
AB  - The relationship between lymphomatoid papulosis and pityriasis lichenoides is a
      matter of considerable debate. Differentiation between these two conditions is,
      however, important because patients with lymphomatoid papulosis, unlike those
      with pityriasis lichenoides, may develop systemic lymphoma and thus require long
      term follow-up. In our study the clinical and histologic features of eighty-two
      patients with pityriasis lichenoides and twenty-six patients with lymphomatoid
      papulosis were reviewed and compared. Clinical and histologic differences were
      recognized, not only allowing differentiation between the two conditions, but
      also suggesting that they are pathogenetically distinct diseases. Finally,
      evidence is presented to suggest that the different views on the relationship
      between these diseases mainly result from differences in patient selection.

PMID- 4056118
TI  - Etretinate therapy reduces polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis--enhancing
      properties of psoriatic serum.
AB  - Using a Boyden chamber technic, we measured the directed chemotaxis of
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes obtained from control subjects or psoriasis patients
      when the leukocytes were placed in sera obtained from control subjects or
      psoriasis patients. The samples from patients were obtained before therapy and
      after 2 and 4 weeks of etretinate administration. Compared with control sera, the
      sera from seven untreated psoriasis patients significantly enhanced the
      chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from control subjects toward a
      chemotaxin (p less than 0.05). After 4 weeks of etretinate therapy, the
      chemotaxis-stimulating ability of the sera from psoriasis patients was no longer
      significantly greater than that of the control sera. This decline in the
      chemotaxis-stimulating activity of our patients' sera preceded significant
      clearing of their psoriasis. The levels of circulating etretinate in the blood of
      our patients could not account for the reduction. Etretinate therapy had no
      apparent direct effect on the chemotactic activity of polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes from the psoriasis patients but may act in part by reducing the
      inflammatory effects of psoriatic sera.

PMID- 4056119
TI  - Psoriasis of early and late onset: characterization of two types of psoriasis
      vulgaris.
AB  - In 2,147 patients suffering from psoriasis, evaluation of the age of onset
      revealed two peaks, one occurring at the age of 16 years (female) or 22 years
      (males) and a second peak at the age of 60 years (female) or 57 years (males).
      Human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) tissue typing in 112 randomly assigned patients
      showed that HLA-Cw6, known to be at disequilibrium in psoriasis, is present in
      85.3% of patients with early onset. In contrast, 14.7% patients with late onset
      showed this marker. Parents (father or mother) were affected in approximately
      half of the patients with early onset and in none belonging to the group with
      late onset. Furthermore, psoriasis in patients with early onset follows an
      irregular course and shows a strong tendency to become generalized. On the basis
      of clearly defined criteria (e.g., age of onset, heritability, and clinical
      course of disease), nonpustular psoriasis shows two distinct forms, one of which
      is hereditary, with early onset, and the other is sporadic and occurs in older
      age.

PMID- 4056120
TI  - Power analysis in dermatohistopathology.
AB  - Magnification of histologic and ultrastructural photoimages is frequently
      misrepresented in published reports. "Power," P, the usual mode of representation
      of magnification, is defined as the ratio of the distance between two points on
      the photoimage to that between the same two points on the original specimen, but
      is idiomatically denoted as xP rather than the mathematically correct xP2 in
      common usage. In this publication, the definitions of "power" and "area
      magnification," the relationship between "original magnification," "resolving
      power," and "empty magnification," sources of error that may be introduced during
      processing of papers for publication, and the relationship between magnification
      and perception are delineated. Practical suggestions, arising from this
      discussion, for expression of magnifications when publishing photoimages and for
      dealing with projected photoimages are provided.

PMID- 4056121
TI  - Lymphomatoid papulosis.

PMID- 4056122
TI  - Significant response of oral aphthosis to thalidomide treatment.

PMID- 4056123
TI  - Evidence for immunologically mediated pulmonary injury in the hypocomplementemic
      urticarial vasculitis syndrome.

PMID- 4056124
TI  - Dermatitis herpetiformis responsive to systemic corticosteroids.

PMID- 4056125
TI  - Benign intracranial hypertension during etretinate therapy for mycosis fungoides.

PMID- 4056126
TI  - Adverse effect of melanoma incision.

PMID- 4056127
TI  - Most genital warts in children should be reported as possible sexual abuse.

PMID- 4056128
TI  - Alopecia associated with syringomas.

PMID- 4056129
TI  - A method for T1 rho imaging.
AB  - The spin lattice relaxation time (T1) is dependent on the strength of the
      polarizing magnetic field. The relaxation at low field strengths provides
      information from the processes at macromolecular level. However, the decrease of
      the polarizing magnetic field decreases the signal-to-noise ratio that determines
      the resolution of magnetic resonance images. In this report we describe a method
      for T1 rho imaging. The method possesses the relaxation time contrast of low
      field strengths with signal-to-noise ratio provided by the higher polarizing
      field. The relaxation time T1 rho is obtained under spin lock conditions. The
      spin system relaxes toward thermal equilibrium along the locking field. This
      process is analogous to the spin lattice relaxation at low field strength and
      characterized by the time constant T1 rho. T1 rho and T1 rho-dispersion may
      provide new imaging parameters for noninvasive tissue characterization.

PMID- 4056130
TI  - In vivo 19F NMR imaging of the cardiovascular system.
AB  - A technique is described that permits the 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
      imaging of the vascular system in animals that have been infused with certain
      perfluorocarbon blood substitutes. The essence of the technique is the selection
      for imaging of a narrow group of spectral lines from the fluorocarbon using a
      combination of selective excitation and selective spin echo. For
      perfluorotributylamine (FTBA), this uses 56% of the available fluorine signal.
      Both slice and whole body projection images were obtained. The method was studied
      on an experimental NMR imaging system based on a 1.4 T, 31 cm diameter magnet.
      Phantom tests showed that misregistration artifacts, due to the imaging of
      unwanted spectral lines, were negligible. The spatial resolution obtained in a
      scan time of 8.5 min was approximately 1 mm. The technique was tested with living
      rats in which 50% of the blood volume was replaced with an emulsion of FTBA.
      Short echo times, less than 15 ms, were essential to avoid losing signal from
      flow effects in the larger vessels. Structures identified included the heart,
      liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, and major veins. A diffuse fluorine signal seen in
      most tissues is indicative of tissue perfusion. The problems and possibilities of
      potential clinical applications are discussed.

PMID- 4056132
TI  - Position of cerebellar tonsils in the normal population and in patients with
      Chiari malformation: a quantitative approach with MR imaging.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging was used to define quantitatively the position of the
      cerebellar tonsils in the normal population and in patients with Chiari
      malformations. The average distance of the tonsillar tips from the foramen magnum
      was 2.9 +/- 3.4 mm above the foramen in 82 subjects without posterior fossa
      abnormality or increased intracranial pressure, and 10.3 +/- 4.6 mm below the
      foramen in 13 patients with Chiari malformations (p less than 0.005).
      Consequently, extension of the tonsils below the foramen magnum is considered
      normal up to 3 mm, borderline between 3 and 5 mm, and clearly pathologic when it
      exceeds 5 mm.

PMID- 4056131
TI  - Clinical use of the partial saturation and saturation recovery sequences in MR
      imaging.
AB  - The partial saturation (PS) (90 degree-data collection) and saturation recovery
      (SR) [(90 degree-dephase)n-90 degree-data collection] sequences are described.
      The early data collection of the PS sequence is of value in demonstrating tissues
      with a short T2 such as articular cartilage and the annulus fibrosus. The PS
      sequence also highlights flow and this may provide specific information in
      vascular lesions. Appropriate choice of echo time enables chemical shift effects
      to be seen in normal tissues such as breast and bone marrow as well as a variety
      of diseases such as bone marrow infiltration, pancreatitis, and fatty
      infiltration of the liver in which there is mixed lipid and water. The SR
      sequence can be used to control flow effects as well as to calculate values of
      T1. Although PS and SR sequences display less T1 and T2 dependent contrast than
      conventional highly T1 and T2 dependent inversion recovery and spin echo
      sequences, they may still be of clinical value when the mechanism of contrast
      formation is change in proton density, chemical shift effects, flow effects, or
      detection of short T2 tissue components.

PMID- 4056133
TI  - MR imaging of intradural extramedullary tumors of the cervical spine.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in eight patients with extramedullary
      cervical tumors; two were studied with a 0.15 T resistive system and six with a
      0.5 superconductive unit. All tumors were verified surgically: Five meningiomas
      and three schwannomas were found. Magnetic resonance demonstrated the location
      and size of the tumors as well as their relationship with and mass effect on the
      adjacent spinal cord. Meningiomas showed a tendency to have relaxation times
      close to those of the normal parenchyma; in multiple echo sequences their signal
      tends to decay in a way similar to that of the spinal cord. The different signal
      from the surrounding cerebrospinal fluid sometimes provides a visual cleavage to
      define the extramedullary location of the neoplasm. Schwannomas and neurofibromas
      have a less constant behavior; their T2 relaxation time may be slightly longer
      than that of the spinal cord and the tumor may display a more intense signal in
      the T2 weighted images. Usually, however, the signal intensity of the
      extramedullary tumors is lower than that of the intramedullary.

PMID- 4056134
TI  - Computed tomography of solitary spinal osteochondromas.
AB  - Solitary osteochondromas rarely occur in the axial skeleton. These benign tumors
      may cause a variety of symptoms while remaining difficult to recognize by plain
      radiographic and myelographic studies. We present three cases of solitary
      osteochondromas of the spine and demonstrate the CT findings of these unusual
      tumors.

PMID- 4056135
TI  - Unusual osseous changes in lumbar herniated disks: CT features.
AB  - Osseous changes in cases of lumbar herniated disks including erosion of the
      posterior vertebral body cortex near the herniated disk, spinal canal and
      intervertebral foramen enlargement, and focal sclerosis of the adjacent body are
      described. The changes were observed in four patients with large and old
      herniated disks.

PMID- 4056136
TI  - CT appearance of Candida diskitis.
AB  - Two cases of a rare entity, Candida diskitis, are reported with presentation of
      plain film and CT findings. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment are reviewed.

PMID- 4056137
TI  - MR imaging of central nervous system tumors that do not display increase in T1 or
      T2.
AB  - A retrospective review of brain tumors examined with magnetic resonance imaging
      has shown that 12% of tumors or their components do not display evidence of an
      increase in T1 or T2 when examined with highly T1 dependent inversion recovery of
      highly T2 dependent spin echo sequences. This was observed in lipid containing
      tumors, malignant melanomas, tumors containing hemorrhage, acoustic neuromas,
      meningiomas, hamartomas, a pituitary prolactinoma, astrocytomas (grade I) treated
      with radiotherapy, pediatric tumors, and cases of unknown cause.

PMID- 4056138
TI  - Comparison of MR relaxation times and X-ray attenuation coefficients of focal
      brain lesions.
AB  - Twenty cases of selected focal brain parenchymal lesions that were seen on both X
      ray CT and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were studied retrospectively. The CT
      attenuation coefficients and MR relaxation times were calculated for each lesion
      in an attempt to determine if an interdependence existed between these
      parameters. The CT attenuation and spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) appeared to
      be independent. There appeared to be an inverse relationship between CT
      attenuation and spin-spin relaxation time (T2). It is suggested that the
      explanation of this relationship is that lesions with greater amounts of edema
      tend to have lower CT attenuations and longer T2s and that this effect plays a
      major role in determining these values. The reason that T1 does not show a
      similar relationship is unknown. It is suggested that the explanation may be a
      combination of more complex factors determining T1 and of small sample size.

PMID- 4056139
TI  - Direct coronal computed tomography for presurgical evaluation of posterior fossa
      tumors.
AB  - Correlation of direct coronal CT with observations at surgery demonstrates that
      direct coronal CT is a highly useful guide to planning surgical resection of
      posterior fossa tumors. Computed tomography performed in this plane displays all
      significant anatomic relationships in the exact orientation found during surgical
      dissection.

PMID- 4056140
TI  - MR imaging of the hilum and mediastinum: effects of cardiac gating.
AB  - The effect of cardiac gating (CG) on the diagnostic quality of magnetic resonance
      images of the hilum and mediastinum was evaluated by comparing gated with
      nongated scans in 20 patients. The advantages of CG varied depending on the
      regions and structures under study and the presence and extent of disease. In
      general, CG was more advantageous in normal subjects and patients with small or
      subtle lesions than in patients with advanced disease. In the posterior and
      superior portions of the thorax there was no clear-cut advantage of CG. Normal
      structures were usually seen slightly better on gated images, but lung and
      mediastinal masses were usually visualized equally well with or without CG. From
      the level of the pulmonary arteries to the diaphragm, gated images were superior
      for visualizing normal and abnormal structures in the hilum, mediastinum, and to
      a lesser extent, the lungs. Both hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy and
      mediastinal invasion at the level of the lung root were consistently better
      visualized with CG. Large masses were usually well demonstrated without CG, but
      the relationship of the mass to adjacent structures was better delineated with
      CG.

PMID- 4056141
TI  - Lower lobe collapse due to pleural effusion: a CT analysis.
AB  - In the presence of a pleural effusion, volume loss is seen in the adjacent lung,
      primarily in the lower lobe. With a modest effusion a compliant lower lobe may
      show displacement and generalized volume loss without focal atelectasis, but more
      commonly segmental atelectasis does occur, typically in the posterior basal
      segment. Large effusions result in a major degree of lower lobe collapse. The
      collapsed lobe tends to be uplifted by the fluid and compressed toward the hilum
      with consequent stretching and attenuation of the inferior pulmonary ligament,
      rather than collapsing posteriorly and medially.

PMID- 4056142
TI  - MR imaging of the liver using short TI inversion recovery sequences.
AB  - Use of the short inversion time inversion recovery (STIR) sequence in magnetic
      resonance (MR) imaging of the liver is illustrated in 20 patients. The sequence
      provides high contrast images of the liver with relatively little degradation due
      to motion. Lesions appeared more extensive than with X-ray CT in 14 cases and
      equal in six. Additional areas of presumed atrophy, fatty infiltration, edema, or
      vascular insufficiency were only seen with MR. The STIR sequence may be valuable
      in screening of the liver for metastatic disease.

PMID- 4056143
TI  - Evolution of CT findings in hepatic hematoma.
AB  - This report evaluates the CT findings of posttraumatic, intrahepatic lesions in
      10 patients. The change in appearance of the lesions on follow-up examinations,
      in the absence of surgical intervention, is described. Similar lesions were
      produced in dogs and are compared with the human lesions and with hematomas in
      nonhepatic tissue.

PMID- 4056144
TI  - Dynamic computed tomography in acute renal failure: analysis of time-density
      curve.
AB  - An analysis of dynamic CT curves in 12 patients with acute renal failure was
      performed. An oliguric patient who demonstrates corticomedullary differentiation
      on CT images will develop diuresis within 4 days. A corticoaortic junction time
      of more than 180 s associated with no differentiation between cortex and medulla
      is associated with prolonged oligoanuria. Impending diuresis is heralded by a
      corticoaortic junction time of less than 180 s. These preliminary results suggest
      that an analysis of dynamic CT curves in acute renal failure can predict the time
      of appearance of the diuretic stage.

PMID- 4056145
TI  - MR imaging of an intrapericardial pheochromocytoma.
AB  - The magnetic resonance (MR) appearance of an intrapericardial pheochromocytoma is
      reported, and the role of MR, compared with CT and a 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine
      scan in delineating masses from cardiac and vascular structures in the
      mediastinum is discussed.

PMID- 4056146
TI  - Pericardial varices demonstrated by computed tomography.

PMID- 4056147
TI  - CT demonstration of empyema necessitatis.
AB  - Empyema necessitatis is a collection of fluid that has, by direct extension from
      the pleural cavity, penetrated the thoracic wall to form a mass in the
      extrapleural soft tissues of the chest wall. This is a rare condition and usually
      is associated with tuberculous effusion but may be associated with malignancy,
      blastomycosis, actinomycosis, and may even follow thoracentesis.

PMID- 4056148
TI  - Omental fat simulating pleural fluid in traumatic diaphragmatic hernia: CT
      characteristics.
AB  - We report a case of a traumatic rupture of the diaphragm suspected of undergoing
      strangulation. Omental fat was found to simulate pleural effusion. Computed
      tomography was helpful in the diagnosis.

PMID- 4056150
TI  - Computed tomography and magnetic resonance of pseudomyxoma peritonei.
AB  - Computed tomographic and magnetic resonance (MR) findings in a case of
      pseudomyxoma peritonei arising from a mucoid cystadenoma of the ovary are
      presented. The possible diagnostic aid of MR is discussed.

PMID- 4056149
TI  - Bronchogenic cavoatrial tumor thrombus: CT demonstration.

PMID- 4056151
TI  - Primary aldosteronism due to bilateral nodular hyperplasia: CT demonstration.
AB  - Often the CT appearance of adrenal hyperplasia is indistinguishable from the
      normal appearing gland. We report a case of a 53-year-old man with focal adrenal
      hyperplasia demonstrated by CT. The CT examination is indistinguishable from
      bilateral adrenal adenomas.

PMID- 4056152
TI  - Presacral myelolipoma: CT findings.
AB  - The CT findings of a proven presacral myelolipoma are described, illustrated, and
      discussed. This lesion presents as an encapsulated mixed but predominantly fatty
      soft tissue mass located in the extraperitoneal retrorectal space. It occurs in
      asymptomatic individuals usually between the 5th to 8th decades, with a slight
      female predominance and without significant hematologic disturbances. This entity
      should be included in the differential diagnosis of a fat-containing presacral
      lesion. Familiarization with its typical CT appearance may permit a percutaneous
      needle biopsy diagnosis, avoiding unnecessary surgery.

PMID- 4056154
TI  - Thorn synovitis: CT diagnosis.
AB  - A case of monoarticular arthritis due to a retained thorn about the left knee is
      presented. In this case CT was helpful to localize precisely the thorn within the
      joint whereas other modalities such as plain films, gallium scan, and 99mTc
      methylene diphosphonate bone scan were negative.

PMID- 4056153
TI  - MR imaging of a ruptured Achilles tendon.
AB  - Rupture of the Achilles tendon is an urgent but usually clinically apparent
      orthopedic problem. Repair must be made promptly for full recovery. A number of
      methods of radiographic evaluation have been proposed to confirm the diagnosis of
      Achilles rupture. This report describes a case in which magnetic resonance
      imaging provided exquisite definition of the injury to the Achilles tendon.

PMID- 4056155
TI  - MR imaging of heterotopic gray matter.
AB  - Heterotopic gray matter nodules have long been recognized by pathologists at
      autopsies. A case of this cerebral congenital abnormality has been studied by CT
      and magnetic resonance.

PMID- 4056156
TI  - Clivus fracture: CT demonstration.
AB  - A transverse fracture of the clivus through the region of the fused
      sphenooccipital synchondrosis involving the carotid canals was studied by CT. The
      patient also had bilateral temporal bone fractures with otorrhea and a carotid
      cavernous fistula. The literature related to clivus fractures is reviewed.

PMID- 4056157
TI  - MR imaging of mesenteric varices.

PMID- 4056158
TI  - CT diagnosis of oil-induced granuloma secondary to diabetes insipidus therapy.

PMID- 4056159
TI  - Test method for MR image slice profile.
AB  - This article describes a method of constructing the slice profile of a magnetic
      resonance image, using an acrylic ramp in doped water as a phantom. The method
      can also be used to define the absolute slice position and is equally applicable
      to single and multiple slices.

PMID- 4056160
TI  - Low field strength magnetic scanners.

PMID- 4056161
TI  - Magnetic resonance imager survey, June 1985.

PMID- 4056162
TI  - Histopathology of Gottron's papules.
AB  - We studied Gottron's papules in 11 cases of known dermatomyositis to determine
      whether the findings were similar to those in the poikilodermatous eruption
      usually biopsied in this disease. As in typical poikilodermatous dermatomyositis,
      basal layer vaculopathy, PAS-positive basement membrane thickening, upper dermal
      mucin deposition and a mild diffuse upper dermal mononuclear infiltrate were
      frequent findings. In contrast to poikilodermatous dermatomyositis, however,
      epidermal hyperplasia consisting of acanthosis or papillomatosis was often
      present and epidermal atrophy was rare. We conclude that a specific diagnosis of
      dermatomyositis can often be made on biopsy of a Gottron's papule.

PMID- 4056164
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic observation of Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis.
AB  - Scanning electron microscopy of Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis was carried out on
      a single mite. The ultrastructural morphology of Sarcoptes is illustrated.

PMID- 4056163
TI  - Microscopic abnormalities in the liver of two patients with Porphyria variegata.
AB  - In contrast to Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), which is characterized by constant
      hepatic involvement, the liver seems to be unaltered in Porphyria variegata (PV).
      However, the authors have found microscopic alterations in the liver of 2
      patients with PV (mild inflammation and fibrosis of the portal tracts and the
      presence of iron deposits in one of the cases). Although these changes could be
      attributed to other causes, the hypothesis of possible liver involvement in PV is
      not excluded.

PMID- 4056165
TI  - Cutaneous 'bronchogenic' cyst.
AB  - A case of a congenital 'bronchogenic' cyst of the skin over the right scapula of
      a 4-year-old boy is reported. The continuity of its epithelial lining with the
      epidermis and its appendages is stressed and the consequences of this
      relationship for current theories about the pathogenesis of cutaneous ciliated
      cysts are discussed.

PMID- 4056166
TI  - The representation of authority: an adolescent viewpoint.
AB  - It is argued in this paper that participation of young people in society is to a
      degree a function of their attitudes towards those in authority. More
      specifically the research reports results from an investigation designed to
      assess young people's attitudes (n = 2046) to parents, teachers and police taken
      together as a multivariate representation of authority. The results, at both
      scale and item level, provide little support for the position often taken in the
      literature that adolescents are generally anti-authority. On the contrary the
      evidence points in the opposite direction with favourable attitudes being
      displayed to all three authority roles but in particular towards police and
      parents. Some of the complexities inherent in such research are pointed up with
      attitude to authority, represented as a tripartite dependent vector variable,
      being seen to vary with individual attributes such as sex and age and contextual
      variables such as school attended. In general girls exhibit a more favourable
      attitude to authority than boys, authority relationships weaken with age and
      organisation of schools in terms of "caring" principals result in a weakening of
      adult-authority relationships.

PMID- 4056167
TI  - The perception of poverty and wealth among teenagers.
AB  - This study is concerned with the perception of poverty and wealth among high
      school teenagers. Over 300 teenagers completed a questionnaire which probed their
      perceptions of the attributions and consequences of poverty and wealth, and
      requested them to estimate the income for both a specified "poor" and "rich" man.
      The results indicate that all groups in this sample emphasized the significance
      of the family and downplayed the significance of luck when dealing with poverty
      and wealth. Further, the groups emphasized the economic consequences of poverty
      and wealth and they did not rate their psychological consequences as being of
      much importance. The results are discussed in terms of the small literature
      relevant to this topic.

PMID- 4056168
TI  - Staff perceptions of adolescent behaviour problems.
AB  - Staff in three residential units completed a 25 item behaviour problem
      questionnaire. From analysis of questionnaires a rank order of behaviours
      according to rated severity was made for each Unit. Comparisons of ranking were
      made between the Units and, from factor analysis, perceptions of these items of
      behaviour by staff in the three Units were studied. We were able to establish
      three hypotheses regarding the severity of problem behaviours and their
      perceptions by staff. We suggest that staff support has a major function in
      influencing them.

PMID- 4056169
TI  - Extra meetings: a tool for decisions and therapy.
AB  - An Adolescent Unit uses the tool of any member of staff or patient group having
      the right to call a meeting. The development of this idea, anxieties about it,
      its usefulness and examples are presented. The meetings are used for
      communication, support or decisions and are often in themselves the vehicles for
      change.

PMID- 4056170
TI  - Suicidal behavior at school: a systemic perspective.
AB  - This article delineates the interpersonal function of suicidal behavior in
      children. Children's suicidal attempts have a major impact on their immediate
      surroundings and can be perceived as a mode of controlling the family or school.
      In order to highlight this approach, a case of epidemic suicidal attempts in a
      special education high school is presented. A systemic mode of intervention,
      consisting of an adolescents' group and a teachers' group within the school
      system, is described. The importance of implementing systemic modes in preventing
      suicide is outlined.

PMID- 4056171
TI  - "A bucket of cold water": a follow-up study in a residential special school.
AB  - This paper reports the initial findings of a follow-up study of the 75 young men
      who were admitted in their early teens to a residential school for maladjusted
      boys over a five year period. Sixty were traced and interviewed in depth, using
      an approach based on methods established at the Institute of Psychiatry. A
      structured interview was used which covered the individual's recollections of
      family, peer experiences, schools and adult life, with a special section on the
      residential therapeutic environment. The data allowed an assessment of their
      overall psycho-social adjustment. The preliminary analysis indicates that two
      thirds had no current problems of note, and that just under two-fifths had had no
      history of problems since leaving. With only a few exceptions, the ex-boys'
      evaluation of the school's regime was positive.

PMID- 4056172
TI  - Elective mutism--an atypical antecedent of schizophrenia.
AB  - Elective mutism (EM) is a rare psychiatric condition of childhood involving
      refusal to speak in social situations. We herewith describe such a case which
      developed into a full-blown schizophrenic illness. This may be the first detailed
      report of such an outcome in the literature.

PMID- 4056173
TI  - Primary prevention of childhood disorders.

PMID- 4056174
TI  - Primary prevention of child abuse.

PMID- 4056175
TI  - Prevention of child injury: an overview of targets, methods, and tactics for
      psychologists.

PMID- 4056176
TI  - Preventing substance abuse with children and adolescents.

PMID- 4056177
TI  - The Children of Divorce Intervention Program: an investigation of the efficacy of
      a school-based prevention program.

PMID- 4056178
TI  - Stepping backward in order to step forward: an acquisition-oriented approach to
      primary prevention.

PMID- 4056179
TI  - Primary prevention of school maladjustment.

PMID- 4056180
TI  - Evolving adaptive theories and methods for prevention research with children.

PMID- 4056181
TI  - Children of battered women: the relation of child behavior to family violence and
      maternal stress.

PMID- 4056182
TI  - Identifying survivors at risk: long-term impairment following the Beverly Hills
      Supper Club fire.

PMID- 4056183
TI  - Consistency of posttreatment alcoholics' drinking patterns.

PMID- 4056184
TI  - Sequential interactions that discriminate high- and low-problem single mother-son
      dyads.

PMID- 4056185
TI  - Life stress, current problems, problem solving, and depressive symptoms: an
      integrative model.

PMID- 4056186
TI  - Ambulatory computer-assisted therapy for obesity: a new frontier for behavior
      therapy.

PMID- 4056187
TI  - Posttraumatic stress disorder among Army Nurse Corps Vietnam veterans.

PMID- 4056188
TI  - Neurodevelopmental investigation of academic achievement: a report of years 1 and
      2 of a longitudinal study.

PMID- 4056189
TI  - Mothers' and fathers' perceptions of child deviance: roles of child behavior,
      parental depression, and marital satisfaction.

PMID- 4056190
TI  - Concurrent validity of the internalizing and externalizing profile patterns of
      the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist.

PMID- 4056191
TI  - Liposuction for lipomas.
AB  - Six cases of giant lipomas were treated by liposuction surgical removal. The
      method involves only a 1-cm incision and insertion of a liposuction cannula. The
      fibrous stroma of the lipoma may be more difficult to remove. Liposuction is a
      safe and easy method of removing giant lipomas.

PMID- 4056192
TI  - Decreased risk of subsequent primary noncutaneous malignancies among patients
      with primary cutaneous malignant melanoma.
AB  - It is established in the clinical literature that patients who develop specific
      types of malignancies are at an increased statistical risk for the development of
      a second primary malignancy. Previous studies have supported the theory that
      patients who develop primary cutaneous malignant melanoma (PCMM) have a greater
      risk for the development of a secondary primary noncutaneous malignancy (SPNM).
      Taken from the tumor registry of a community hospital, data for 504 consecutive
      patients (254 men and 250 women) with a diagnosis of PCMM were evaluated for the
      incidence of subsequent SPNM by comparing this series of patients to the general
      population of Connecticut. It was demonstrated that patients with PCMM had a
      significantly reduced incidence of SPNM (p = 0.002). Consideration should be
      given to possible biological and behavioral mechanisms which could explain the
      observed deficit.

PMID- 4056193
TI  - German cockroach (Orthoptera: Blatellidae) mortality on various surfaces
      following application of diazinon.

PMID- 4056194
TI  - Genetic sexing systems in Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae).

PMID- 4056195
TI  - Injury thresholds and production loss functions for the lone star tick, Amblyomma
      americanum (Acari: Ixodidae), on pastured, preweaner beef cattle, Bos taurus.

PMID- 4056196
TI  - Reproductive performance of adult stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) when fed fresh
      or reconstituted, freeze-dried bovine or porcine blood.

PMID- 4056197
TI  - Comparative toxicity of selected insecticides to laboratory-reared and field
      collected face flies (Diptera: Muscidae).

PMID- 4056198
TI  - Red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): population dynamics following
      treatment with insecticidal baits.

PMID- 4056199
TI  - Cyromazine inhibits reproduction and larval development of the Australian sheep
      blow fly (diptera: Calliphoridae).

PMID- 4056200
TI  - Comparative studies of several methods for determining the repellency of
      blatticides.

PMID- 4056201
TI  - Metabolic resistance to insecticides: heterozygosity at the chromosome II locus
      in house flies, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae).

PMID- 4056202
TI  - Evaluation of a visual sampling method used to estimate northern fowl mite,
      Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Acari: Macronyssidae), populations on caged laying hens.

PMID- 4056203
TI  - [Shifts in the cellular lipids of Candida resistant to polyene antibiotics].

PMID- 4056204
TI  - [Ischemia of the stomach and intestines].

PMID- 4056205
TI  - [Role of lytic bacteria of the rumen in ruminants].

PMID- 4056206
TI  - [Enzymatic and structural mechanisms of DNA repair in isolated mammalian
      chromatin].

PMID- 4056207
TI  - [Role of cellular mediators (cytomedins) in regulating genetic activity].

PMID- 4056208
TI  - [Contribution of antioxidants and endogenous thiols to the support of body
      radioresistance].

PMID- 4056209
TI  - [Role of the hyperconcentration of salts and dehydration in disorder of the
      permeability of reconstituted erythrocytes during freezing-thawing].

PMID- 4056210
TI  - Passive acoustic location of bowhead whales in a population census off Point
      Barrow, Alaska.
AB  - A sonobuoy array placed in the nearshore lead was used for locating bowhead whale
      sounds to determine if whales migrated past census stations beyond visual range
      and were uncounted. Based on a sample of 182 whale sounds (over 48 h) from
      closest point of approach (CPA) distances out to more than 10 km, 68% originated
      beyond 2 km (CPA), where only 1% of the 242 whales were sighted. No whales were
      sighted beyond 3 km during this time, but 53% of the located sounds originated
      that far and beyond. Thirty-seven other bowhead sounds over 15 h were distributed
      out to 6 km. Two tracked whales moved at average speeds of 1.5 and 1.8 kn.
      Maximum location error was 1%-25% in a sector of 120 degrees X 5-10 km, depending
      upon bearing and range. Most whale sounds were low-frequency moans, trumpeting
      roars, and repetitive sequences (songs) with peak spectrum source level up to 189
      dB re: 1 microPa, 1 m. Lack of correlations between numbers of sounds and sighted
      whales precluded using bowhead sounds to count individuals or even to extrapolate
      ratios of unseen to observed whales.

PMID- 4056211
TI  - Colony differences in auditory thresholds in the canary (Serinus canarius).
AB  - Adult canaries (Serinus canarius) from a closebred colony of the Belgian
      "Waterslager" strain were trained with operant techniques to respond to pure
      tones. A psychophysical tracking procedure was used to measure absolute auditory
      thresholds in quiet and in noise. Absolute thresholds in the middle- to high
      frequency region of the audiogram were between 30 and 40 dB higher (4-5 standard
      deviations) than those typically reported for other song birds including canaries
      of other strains and Waterslagers tested some years ago from another colony. Thus
      the Millbrook colony of domestic canary--an oscine songbird which learns its
      vocalizations by reference to auditory information--shows unusually high absolute
      thresholds for pure tones.

PMID- 4056212
TI  - Perceptual aspects of synthesized approximations to melody.
AB  - A procedure is described for synthesizing tone sequences that contain a high
      proportion of events that are likely to be found in melodies that occur in music.
      This is done by using a random-number generator with probability weightings that
      favor the selection of certain notes and intervals. The form of the probability
      weightings derives from constraints on the "semitone span" of the intervals, the
      "fifth span" of the intervals, and the occurrence of "scale" notes. The role of
      "redundancy" is also considered. In this way it is possible to obtain melodies
      that obey various combinations of the different constraints. Other melody
      variables are either fixed, randomized, or controlled. These experimental
      melodies were used in a test of the hypothesis that the more melodious tone
      sequences will be easier to organize perceptually and remember than less
      melodious sequences of equal redundancy. A psychophysical scaling procedure
      confirmed that the constraints generated tone sequences bearing degrees of
      perceptual similarity to "real" melodies. Melody discrimination was also
      measured. The "fifth span" and "scale" constraints increased the melodiousness of
      tone sequences. They also improved performance on tasks requiring the
      discrimination of unfamiliar, untransposed melodies, and the discrimination of
      transposed melodies after some familiarization. It is argued that general
      perceptual principles do not give a complete account of the perception of melody:
      A full description requires consideration of the listener's tacit musical
      "knowledge" and its interaction with perceptual processes.

PMID- 4056213
TI  - Perceptual equivalence of acoustic cues that differentiate /r/ and /l/.
AB  - The perceptual effects of orthogonal variations in two acoustic parameters which
      differentiate American English prevocalic /r/ and /l/ were examined. A spectral
      cue (frequency onset and transition of F2 and F3) and a temporal cue (relative
      duration of initial steady state and transition of F1) were varied in synthetic
      versions of "rock" and "lock." Four temporal variations in each of ten stimuli of
      a spectral-cue continuum were generated. Phonetic identification and oddity
      discrimination tasks with the four series showed systematic displacement of
      perceptual boundaries and discrimination peaks, thus reflecting a trading
      relation between the two cues. The perceptual equivalence of spectral and
      temporal cues was investigated by comparing the accuracy of discrimination of
      three types of stimulus comparisons: phonetically facilitating two-cue pairs, one
      cue pairs, and phonetically conflicting two-cue pairs. As predicted,
      discrimination accuracy was ordered: Facilitating cues greater than one-cue
      greater than conflicting cues, indicating that perceivers discriminated on the
      basis of an integrated phonetic percept.

PMID- 4056214
TI  - Consonant recognition in quiet as a function of aging among normal hearing
      subjects.
AB  - Consonant recognition in quiet using the Nonsense Syllable Test (NST) [Resnick et
      al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 58, S114 (1975)] was investigated in 62 normal
      hearing subjects 20 to 65 years of age at their most comfortable listening levels
      (MCLs) and at 8 dB above and below MCL. Although overall consonant recognition
      performance was high (as expected for normal listeners), the effects of age
      decade, relative presentation level, and NST subsets were all significant, as was
      the interaction of age X level. The interactions of age X NST subset, and age X
      subset X level were nonsignificant. These findings suggest that consonant
      recognition decreases with normal aging, particularly below MCL. However, the
      relative perceptual difficulty of the seven subtests is the same across age
      groups. Confusion matrices were similar across levels and age groups. Percent
      information transmitted for several consonant features was calculated from the
      confusion matrices. Older subjects showed decrements in performance primarily for
      the features recognized relatively less accurately by the younger subjects. The
      results suggest that normal hearing older individuals listening in quiet have
      decreased consonant recognition ability, but that their confusions are similar to
      those of younger persons.

PMID- 4056216
TI  - Simultaneous masking by gated and continuous sinusoidal maskers.
AB  - Simultaneous masking of a 20-ms, 1-kHz signal was investigated using 50-ms gated
      and continuous sinusoidal maskers with frequencies below, at, and above 1 kHz.
      Gated maskers can produce considerably (5-20 dB) more masking than continuous
      maskers, and this difference does not appear to result from the spread of energy
      produced by gating either the masker or the signal. For masker frequencies below
      the signal frequency, this difference in masking is primarily due to the
      detection of the cubic difference tone in the continuous condition. For masker
      frequencies at and above the signal frequency, the difference appears to be an
      important property of masking. Implications of this frequency-dependent effect
      for measures of frequency selectivity are discussed.

PMID- 4056215
TI  - Effects of masker waveform and signal-to-masker phase relation on diotic and
      dichotic masking by reproducible noise.
AB  - The proportions of hits and false alarms were estimated for the detection of a
      500-Hz sinusoidal signal in each of 25, reproducible samples of wideband, white,
      Gaussian noise. The effects of signal phase were investigated under diotic (MoSo)
      and dichotic (MoS pi) conditions and compared to the predictions of two major
      models of binaural hearing. Averaging the data over samples obscured important
      across-sample and across-subject differences in performance. The proportions of
      hits and false alarms for individual noise samples presented under the MoSo
      condition were highly correlated with those for the same noise samples under the
      dichotic MoS pi condition, suggesting that the cues determining performance under
      these conditions are related. Signal-to-masker phase had a large effect on the
      proportion of hits under the MoSo condition, but only a small effect under the
      MoS pi condition. The Vector model predicts a large effect of signal phase under
      the MoS pi condition, and is, therefore, imcompatible with this aspect of the
      data. The expected value of the decision variable of the EC model is independent
      of signal phase. However, when the variance of the decision variable is also
      considered, the EC model does predict changes in the proportion of hits with the
      phase of the signal, comparable to those observed here. Further, it was shown
      that, if minor changes in the form of the EC model's decision variable or in the
      distribution of the internal noise parameters are assumed, the expected value of
      the decision variable also changes with the phase of the signal.

PMID- 4056217
TI  - The temporal course of simultaneous tone-on-tone masking.
AB  - Threshold for a 20-ms, 1-kHz signal was measured as a function of its temporal
      position within a longer duration gated masker; masker frequencies were below,
      at, and above 1 kHz. For a masker frequency above the signal frequency, there is
      a sizable temporal effect: As the onset of the signal is delayed, threshold
      decreases rapidly but then increases again as the signal approaches masker
      offset. Similar results can be observed for a masker frequency below the signal
      frequency, but that temporal effect is due to the detection of the cubic
      difference tone. The implication of this frequency-dependent temporal effect for
      measuring psychophysical tuning curves is discussed.

PMID- 4056218
TI  - Cancellation level and phase of the (f2-f1) distortion product.
AB  - The cancellation level and phase were measured for the (f2-f1) distortion product
      in six normal-hearing ears as a function of input level (L1,L2) and the frequency
      separation of the two input signals (f1,f2, where f2 greater than f1). The
      effects of input level were examined for L1 and L2, varied together (L1 = L2) and
      separately. Typically, f1 was 1500 Hz while f2/f1 was either 1.16, 1.32, 1.44, or
      1.68. For L1 = L2, the median data indicate that the (f2-f1) level grows at a
      rate of approximately 1.1 dB/dB when averaged across all stimulus conditions.
      This slope tended to be higher (approximately 1.6 dB/dB) for L1 = L2 greater than
      80 dB. Slopes for some subjects also increase as f2/f1 increases. The
      cancellation phase increases slightly (50 degrees - 100 degrees) with an increase
      in L1 = L2. With L1 at 75 to 80 dB, L2 ranging from 65 to 95 dB, and f2/f1 =
      1.16, (f2-f1) increases monotonically with L2 up to L1 = L2. As L2 increases
      further (L2 greater than L1), the slopes for the growth of (f2-f1) decrease. For
      f2/f1 = 1.44, on the other hand, (f2-f1) appears to grow monotonically at a rate
      of approximately 0.5 dB/dB throughout the range of L2 values. The cancellation
      phase increases with L2 (approximately 100 degrees) only for the wider frequency
      separation of the two input signals (f2/f1 = 1.44). There are, however, sizable
      individual differences in the behavior of the (f2 - f1) distortion product.

PMID- 4056219
TI  - An excitation-pattern algorithm for the estimation of (2f1-f2) and (f2-f1)
      cancellation level and phase.
AB  - An excitation-pattern algorithm is described which provides an estimate of
      cancellation level and phase for the (2f1-f2) and (f2-f1) distortion products. An
      experiment is first conducted to demonstrate the need for such an algorithm for
      (f2-f1) level predictions. The results of this experiment, which employed three
      pairs of primaries having complementary input levels (L1 = 65, L2 = 85 dB; L1 =
      85, L2 = 65 dB), do not agree with the predictions of another similar algorithm
      [E. Zwicker, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 69, 1410-1413 (1981)]. A new excitation-pattern
      algorithm is then described. The predicted level behavior for (f2-f1) and (2f1
      f2) is more accurate for the proposed algorithm. In addition, an accurate phase
      estimate is also provided by the new algorithm.

PMID- 4056220
TI  - Relations between psychophysical data and speech perception for hearing-impaired
      subjects. II.
AB  - Twenty-one sensorineurally hearing-impaired adolescents were studied with an
      extensive battery of tone-perception, phoneme-perception, and speech-perception
      tests. Tests on loudness perception, frequency selectivity, and temporal
      resolution at the test frequencies of 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz were included. The
      mean values and the gradient across frequencies were used in further analysis.
      Phoneme-perception data were gathered by means of similarity judgments and
      phonemic confusions. Speech-reception thresholds were determined in quiet and in
      noise for unfiltered speech material, and with additional low-pass and high-pass
      filtering in noise. The results show that hearing loss for speech is related to
      both the frequency resolving power and temporal processing by the ear. Phoneme
      perception parameters proved to be more related to the filtered-speech thresholds
      than to the thresholds for unfiltered speech. This finding may indicate that
      phoneme-perception parameters play only a secondary role, and for that reason
      their bridging function between tone perception and speech perception is only
      limited.

PMID- 4056221
TI  - Relations among some psychoacoustic parameters in normal and cochlearly impaired
      listeners.
AB  - Frequency resolution (viz., masking by low-pass-filtered noise and broadband
      noise) and temporal resolution (viz., masking by interrupted noise) were compared
      with hearing thresholds and acoustic reflex thresholds for four normally hearing
      and 13 cochlearly impaired subjects. Two models, one for frequency resolution
      (model I) and one for temporal resolution (model II), were introduced, and these
      provided a means of predicting individual frequency and temporal resolution from
      hearing thresholds for both normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners. Model
      I is based on the assumption that the upward spread of masking increases in
      cochlearly impaired hearing with an amount proportional to the hearing threshold
      in dB HL. Model II is based on the assumption that the poststimulatory masked
      thresholds return to the level of the hearing threshold within a duration of 200
      ms, independent of the level of the masker and the amount of cochlear hearing
      loss. Model parameters were determined from results from other studies. Although
      some discrepancies between measured and predicted values were observed, the model
      predictions generally agree with measurements. Thus, to a first-order
      approximation, it seems possible to predict individual frequency and temporal
      resolution of cochlearly hearing-impaired listeners solely on the basis of their
      hearing thresholds.

PMID- 4056222
TI  - Sound intensity processing by the goldfish.
AB  - Capacities of the goldfish for intensity discrimination were studied using
      classical respiratory conditioning and a staircase psychophysical procedure.
      Physiological studies on single saccular (auditory) nerve fibers under similar
      stimulus conditions helped characterize the dimensions of neural activity used in
      intensity discrimination. Incremental intensity difference limens (IDLs in dB)
      for 160-ms increments in continuous noise, 500-ms noise bursts, and 500-ms, 800
      Hz tone bursts are 2 to 3 dB, are independent of overall level, and vary with
      signal duration according to a power function with a slope averaging - 0.33.
      Noise decrements are relatively poorly detected and the silent gap detection
      threshold is about 35 ms. The IDLs for increments and decrements in an 800-Hz
      continuous tone are about 0.13 dB, are independent of duration, and are level
      dependent. Unlike mammalian auditory nerve fibers, some goldfish saccular fibers
      show variation in recovery time to tonal increments and decrements, and
      adaptation to a zero rate. Unit responses to tone increments and decrements show
      rate effects generally in accord with previous observations on intracellular
      epsp's in goldfish saccular fibers. Neurophysiological correlates of
      psychophysical intensity discrimination data suggest the following: (1) noise gap
      detection may be based on spike rate increments which follow gap offset; (2)
      detection of increments and decrements in continuous tones may be determined by
      steep low-pass filtering in peripheral neural channels which enhance the effects
      of spectral "splatter" toward the lower frequencies; (3) IDLs for pulsed signals
      of different duration can be predicted from the slopes of rate-intensity
      functions and spike rate variability in individual auditory nerve fibers; and (4)
      at different sound pressure levels, different populations of peripheral fibers
      provide the information used in intensity discrimination.

PMID- 4056223
TI  - Sensitivity of auditory-nerve fibers to changes in intensity: a dichotomy between
      decrements and increments.
AB  - Adaptation of auditory-nerve responses was investigated by applying increments
      and decrements in intensity to an ongoing tonal background. The change in firing
      rate produced by a change in intensity was obtained as a function of the time
      delay from the onset of the background to the onset of the change in intensity.
      The initial change in firing rate was measured using both small (1 ms) and large
      (10 ms) time intervals in order to evaluate properties of rapid and short-term
      adaptation, respectively. Consistent with previous results, the incremental and
      decremental responses measured with large windows were independent of time delay
      and the amount of prior adaptation. A similar additivity was observed for the
      incremental response measured with a small time window. In contrast, the
      decremental response measured with a small window decreased with increasing time
      delay and in proportion to the decrease in firing rate produced by the
      background. A similar decrease was observed in the response modulation produced
      by sinusoidal amplitude modulation. It was concluded that sensitivity to
      decrements in intensity decreases during adaptation, so that this response
      component does not reflect the additivity inherent in other aspects of
      adaptation.

PMID- 4056225
TI  - Program of the 110th meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. Nashville,
      Tennessee, 4-8 November 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4056224
TI  - Editorial comment and critique of "Syllable identification by children and adults
      for two task conditions".

PMID- 4056226
TI  - Comparison of carboxyhemoglobin concentrations in adult nonsmokers with ambient
      carbon monoxide levels.

PMID- 4056227
TI  - The Mental Health Walk-In Clinic: the University of Massachusetts experience.

PMID- 4056228
TI  - When the learning disabled go to college.

PMID- 4056229
TI  - The utilization of sexual fantasies by sexually experienced university students.

PMID- 4056230
TI  - Vending machines and the self-care concept.

PMID- 4056232
TI  - Perspectives on college health.

PMID- 4056231
TI  - Student health centers, elephants, and blind men.

PMID- 4056233
TI  - Classification of diseases in student health with ICD-9.

PMID- 4056234
TI  - Nutritional assessment in gynecology patients.
AB  - A nutritional assessment was performed upon 72 patients admitted for major
      elective gynecologic surgery for nonmalignant diseases. This nutritional
      assessment included body weight, triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference,
      creatinine-height index, serum albumin and transferrin, total lymphocyte count,
      and dermal antigen testing. We found that 29 patients (42%) had at least one test
      result indicating a nutritional deficiency. Of the 72 patients, 19 (26%)
      experienced a postoperative complication. The occurrence of a complication did
      not correlate with any nutritional parameter other than albumin (p = 0.013), but
      even then, the positive predictive value of albumin was only 40%. Age also
      correlated with complication status (p = 0.002).

PMID- 4056235
TI  - A new device for delayed hypersensitivity skin testing.
AB  - A new device for assessment of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity using seven
      standardized antigens (Multitest CMI) was compared to conventional intradermal
      testing with two recall antigens in 83 patients referred for nutritional support.
      Sixteen patients (19.3%) were anergic to Multitest CMI while four (4.8%) were
      anergic to conventional testing. Patients anergic to Multitest CMI had a higher
      complication (intraabdominal abscess, prolonged ileus, sepsis, pneumonia) than
      those who were immunocompetent by this test suggesting a group at greater risk.
      This interpretation is consistent with an increased specificity of Multitest CMI
      over conventional testing in the identification of clinically important anergy.

PMID- 4056236
TI  - Evaluation of clinical skills for nutrition counseling.
AB  - This report describes the procedures for and feasibility of an evaluation program
      that provides a direct assessment of the use of specific clinical skills during
      an interview with a simulated patient. The specific aims of this evaluation were
      to assess untrained graduate students in nutrition on their application of a set
      of 31 specific clinical skills for resolving dietary adherence problems. Each
      student conducted two interviews with each of two different simulated patients
      with hyperlipidemia presenting typical problems following a diet low in saturated
      fat and cholestrol. The evaluation program provided analyses that identified the
      strengths and deficits of each student and the performance of the entire group.
      It is suggested that the evaluation program offers a practical, objective method
      for examining the entry-level clinical skills of students in training and may be
      useful in other educational programs (eg, in-service, continuing education
      workshops).

PMID- 4056237
TI  - Plasma and skeletal muscle electrolytes in patients with Crohn's disease.
AB  - Plasma and skeletal muscle electrolytes were measured in 13 patients with Crohn's
      disease, and in an age- and sex-matched reference group. Patients with Crohn's
      disease demonstrated significantly lower muscle potassium content (p less than
      0.01) than did controls. Patients with extensive involvement of the bowel tended
      to have lower muscle potassium content. The patient population did not differ
      significantly from the controls with regard to skeletal muscle magnesium content
      but displayed a far wider range of values. Our results indicate that potassium
      depletion is present in nonresected patients with Crohn's disease.

PMID- 4056238
TI  - Dietary studies of children from a biracial population: intakes of vitamins in 10
      and 13-year-olds.
AB  - Impact of vitamin supplements upon dietary intakes of eight vitamins was examined
      in 10- and 13-year-old children randomly selected from a biracial community,
      Bogalusa, LA. More younger children reported taking supplements daily (17%) than
      did adolescents (12%). Over 90% of the children surveyed had dietary intakes of
      vitamin E and niacin that met or exceeded the RDA. One-half to two-thirds of
      children using supplements had adequate intakes of ascorbic acid from diet alone.
      Children who most needed ascorbic acid supplements were the least likely to take
      them. One-quarter to one-half of the children did not consume the RDA levels of
      vitamin A, thiamine, and riboflavin. Adolescents had less adequate vitamin A
      intakes than younger children. In all surveys, a higher proportion of girls than
      boys had intakes that did not meet the RDA for vitamins B6 and B12. Vitamin
      intakes of Bogalusa children and adolescents were comparable to other U.S.
      surveys. Inclusion of vitamin E and niacin in supplements may be unnecessary.

PMID- 4056239
TI  - Breast cancer prevention by supplemental vitamin E.

PMID- 4056240
TI  - Hydrocortisone and airflow impairment in aspirin-induced asthma.
AB  - We studied the effects of intravenous injection of hydrocortisone, as compared to
      its solvent, in 31 patients with aspirin-induced asthma. Mean FEV1 fell
      significantly 5 minutes after an intravenous bolus of 300 mg of hydrocortisone,
      but not after the solvent, and returned to the initial values 1 hour later. Only
      three of 31 patients displayed at this time clinical signs of increased
      impairment of airflow that resolved spontaneously. Neither in these three
      patients nor in another patient known already to respond with bronchoconstriction
      to 30 to 50 mg of hydrocortisone did intravenous injections of 20 mg of
      methylprednisolone, 4 mg of dexamethasone, or 4 mg of betamethasone produce any
      signs of bronchial obstruction. In the whole group of patients, mean FEV1
      increased significantly 3 to 5 hours after hydrocortisone injection. It is
      hypothesized that hydrocortisone might induce early bronchoconstriction in
      patients with aspirin-induced asthma through its inhibitory effects on prostanoid
      biosynthesis. Use of intravenous steroids other than hydrocortisone is advisable
      in patients with aspirin-induced asthma.

PMID- 4056241
TI  - Use of immunoblot technique for detection of human IgE and IgG antibodies to
      individual silk proteins.
AB  - Allergenic proteins were extracted from one silk batch that was imported to be
      used as filling material for bed mattresses and rugs. IgE and IgG antibodies to
      the extracted silk proteins were measured by RAST in sera of nine silk-sensitive
      persons as well as in sera of healthy control donors. Silk proteins were
      fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into 12
      polypeptides of molecular weights between 14 and 70 kilodaltons. By means of the
      immunoblot technique, IgE and IgG antibodies to the individual silk polypeptides
      could be detected. Sera of silk-sensitive persons contained high titers of IgE
      and low titers of IgG antibodies to the separated silk polypeptides. Sera of
      control donors contained low IgG antibody titers to a limited number of these
      polypeptides.

PMID- 4056242
TI  - Stabilizing effect of epsilon-aminocaproic acid on allergenic extracts.
AB  - The effect of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) on the degradation of an aqueous
      Lolium perenne extract was studied by intracutaneous tests and by RAST
      inhibition. Extracts for skin testing stored at 4 degrees C for 12 months and at
      37 degrees C for 6 weeks were significantly protected from degradation by
      addition of 0.1 mol/L of EACA before storage. Extracts were stored for RAST
      inhibition at 4 degrees C for 6 months and at 37 degrees C for 7 days. Shelf life
      was twofold to threefold increased when 0.1 mol/L of EACA was added to the
      dilution medium. EACA also protected the extracts from the effect of freezing and
      thawing. Comparison with the effect of human serum albumin indicated a rather
      short activity of human serum albumin, whereas the effect of EACA lasted longer.
      It is suggested that EACA can be used to increase the stability of aqueous
      allergen extracts for skin testing and for hyposensitization therapy.

PMID- 4056243
TI  - The effects of intranasal histamine challenge on eustachian tube function.
AB  - Eustachian tube (ET) function was evaluated bilaterally by use of the inflation
      deflation and forced-response test before and after nasal challenge with various
      doses of histamine in five adult and 10 infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).
      Of the 20 experiments conducted on the infant and juvenile monkeys, functional ET
      obstruction resulted in six ears after a dose of 0.5 mg of histamine, in 10 ears
      after a dose of 1 mg, and in four ears after a dose of 2 mg. In contrast, of the
      10 experiments conducted on the adult monkeys, functional ET obstruction
      developed in two ears after a dose of 1 mg of histamine and in two ears after a
      dose of 4 mg. Six ears failed to respond at doses of 8 mg of histamine. The ET
      obstruction was characterized by increases in the values of the passive function
      parameters and an abolition of the ability to equilibrate applied middle ear
      pressures by muscular activity. ET obstruction was not observed in any ears after
      challenge with a saline control. The severity of the induced ET obstruction was
      lessened within 60 minutes after challenge. These data are similar to those
      reported for intranasal pollen challenges in sensitized rhesus monkeys and human
      volunteers and suggest that type I allergic reactions at the site of the
      nasopharyngeal mucosa disrupts the normal functioning of the ET by a mechanism
      potentially mediated by histamine release.

PMID- 4056244
TI  - A comparative study of the allergens of cat urine, serum, saliva, and pelt.
AB  - In direct RAST analyses of sera from 43 individuals with a history of cat
      allergy, 39.5% were positive to cat pelt, 37.5% to cat saliva, and 12% each to
      cat urine and serum. The cat pelt and saliva extracts contained allergen 1, but
      cat serum and cat urine collected by bladder puncture had no detectable levels of
      this allergen. A crossed immunoelectrophoresis/crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis
      analysis failed to reveal any allergen in urine or serum that was not also
      present in the saliva or pelt preparations, although urine had two allergens not
      present in serum. When serum from a patient who was direct RAST positive to cat
      pelt, serum, saliva, and urine was tested by crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis,
      it was determined that a total of six allergens were detectable in cat pelt,
      three in cat urine, and six in cat serum. Since cat serum contains no detectable
      cat allergen 1, it may be concluded that at least seven allergens derived from
      the cat are capable of binding to IgE antibody in humans.

PMID- 4056245
TI  - Comparison of sequential anterior and posterior rhinomanometry.
AB  - This study was conducted to test the validity in adult subjects of the commonly
      used technique of summing anterior nasal measurements to describe the patency of
      the total nose. We measured the total nasal conductance in 36 nonallergic,
      nonsmoking subjects by use of posterior rhinomanometry (PRM) and compared the
      results with sequential summed unilateral conductances in the same subjects based
      on anterior rhinomanometry (ARM). Linear regression of the relationship between
      the two measures demonstrated significant differences. Variation between these
      two measures is composed of two parts: random time variation and a component
      attributable to the difference between methods. Random time variation was
      estimated from five serial posterior nasal conductances in nine of the subjects
      in a second experiment. We observed significantly greater variations between ARM
      and PRM than between PRM measures separated by similar time intervals (F 36.36 =
      2.30, p less than 0.01). We conclude that PRM is significantly more accurate than
      summed ARM when the goal is to quantitate precisely the patency of the nose as a
      whole at a given instant in time, and yet summed ARM measurements may be
      acceptable in clinical studies wherein large changes in nasal patency occur.

PMID- 4056246
TI  - The effect of theophylline and enprofylline on allergen-induced
      bronchoconstriction.
AB  - The effect on the allergen-induced immediate and late bronchoconstriction of
      theophylline and enprofylline (3-propylxanthine), a new xanthine derivative with
      negligible ability to antagonize adenosine, was studied in nine patients with
      asthma. The patients were challenged three times at weekly intervals with the
      same dose of allergen. FEV1 and SGaw were followed up to 6 hours after challenge.
      The drugs were administered intravenously. Placebo was always administered on the
      first occasion. Theophylline and enprofylline were administered on test days 2
      and 3 with a double-blind, randomized crossover technique. One hour before the
      allergen challenge, a loading dose was administered during 60 minutes followed by
      a constant infusion during 6 hours. The loading infusion was 7.2 mg/kg of
      theophylline and 2.7 mg/kg of enprofylline. The maintenance dose was 74 mg/hr and
      71 mg/hr, respectively. Both theophylline and enprofylline caused a minor initial
      bronchodilatation. Theophylline and enprofylline slightly but significantly
      attenuated the immediate bronchoconstricting reaction after allergen inhalation.
      Theophylline and enprofylline had a significant attenuating effect on the late
      bronchial reaction. The mean plasma level of theophylline was 0, 10.8, 10.5, and
      10.5 mg/L at 0, 1, 4, and 7 hours after the start of the loading infusion,
      respectively. The corresponding mean plasma levels of enprofylline were 0, 2.6,
      2.7, and 2.7 mg/L. Theophylline and enprofylline caused headache in one patient.
      Two patients developed nausea and vomiting during the enprofylline infusion. The
      present data suggest that adenosine receptor antagonism may not be the main mode
      of action of xanthines in inhibiting bronchoconstriction after single dose
      antigen challenge.

PMID- 4056247
TI  - Hypersensitivity reaction to a metabolite of cyclophosphamide.
AB  - Generalized urticaria and fever were noted in a patient with IgA (kappa) myeloma
      after intravenous cyclophosphamide. Intradermal skin testing revealed no reaction
      to cyclophosphamide and its analog, isophosphamide. However, phosphoramide
      mustard, a principle metabolite of cyclophosphamide, evoked an immediate wheal
      and-flare response. Subsequent therapy with isophosphamide was well tolerated.
      These findings suggest that acute hypersensitivity reactions to cyclophosphamide
      are due to its metabolites and can be delineated with skin testing.

PMID- 4056248
TI  - Eosinophil- and eosinophil granule-mediated pneumocyte injury.
AB  - The function of the eosinophil in eosinophilic pulmonary syndromes and asthma is
      uncertain. To determine if eosinophils might play a harmful role in these
      conditions, we cocultured purified human eosinophils, eosinophil major basic
      protein (MBP), and chromatographically eluted eosinophil granule fractions with
      human A549 and rat type II pneumocytes. Damage to these target cells was measured
      as cell lysis and nonlethal cell detachment. We found that unstimulated intact
      eosinophils affected minimal lysis or detachment of either pneumocyte target, but
      eosinophils stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate and other activators
      produced time- and dose-dependent nonlytic detachment of both targets. In
      contrast, supernatants from activated eosinophils did not produce significant
      injury, suggesting that close apposition of the effector and target cells was
      required. Catalase and superoxide dismutase did not inhibit the detaching
      activity of eosinophils, suggesting that hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion
      were not activity of eosinophils, suggesting that hydrogen peroxide and
      superoxide anion were not responsible for mediating this form of injury. In
      contrast to our findings with intact eosinophils, we observed that the addition
      of purified eosinophil MBP to pneumocytes caused marked cytolysis with little
      detachment. When sequential fractions of eosinophil granules separated by
      Sephadex G-50 chromatography were added to A549 and rat type II pneumocyte
      targets, it was found that different fractions produced distinct forms of injury.
      Higher molecular weight fractions containing lysosomal enzymes and eosinophil
      peroxidase produced predominantly detachment, whereas fractions enriched in MBP
      produced lysis. These results indicate that intact eosinophils can produce
      nonlytic detachment of alveolar pneumocytes that is probably not dependent on the
      generation of toxic oxygen radicals but rather appears to be mediated by granule
      associated products, possibly lysosomal enzymes. Furthermore, although intact
      eosinophils are not capable of lysing alveolar epithelial cells under the
      conditions of our assay, MBP has the potential to do so when the protein is
      released in high enough concentrations. The in vivo relevance of these findings
      in eosinophilic lung diseases may be that eosinophils, by producing both
      desquamation and death of alveolar epithelium cells, may increase the
      permeability of the alveolus to fluid and cells. Moreover, these forms of damage
      might also enhance the ingress of inhaled antigens across the pulmonary
      epithelial barrier, thus increasing immunologic sensitization.

PMID- 4056249
TI  - Alveolar macrophage catabolism of Micropolyspora faeni.
AB  - Pulmonary histologic abnormalities resolve despite continuing intratracheal
      injections of Micropolyspora faeni in a rabbit model of hypersensitivity
      pneumonitis. We examined in vitro alveolar macrophage (AM) metabolism to
      determine if increased efficiency of M. faeni degradation by AMs was associated
      with resolution of pulmonary abnormalities. Rabbits were exposed to M. faeni with
      three sensitizing and two, four, or eight weekly intratracheal challenge
      injections. Bronchoalveolar cells (BAC) were obtained by lavage 4 to 6 days after
      the last intratracheal injection. We determined the fate of 125I-labeled M. faeni
      added to 48-hour cultures of BAC derived from naive and M. faeni-exposed animals.
      Label was transported from the pellet to the supernatant fraction of BAC
      cultures, and the proportion of supernatant label that was precipitated by
      trichloroacetic acid decreased. These phenomena were dependent on time, viable
      cells, and temperature. They were not altered by puromycin and were caused by AM.
      BAC from M. faeni-treated rabbits were slightly more effective in transport of
      label from pellet to supernatant than BAC from naive rabbits during the first 4
      hours of culture but not thereafter. There was no difference between BAC from
      rabbits challenged two, four and eight times. We conclude that resolution of
      pulmonary histologic abnormalities in this model of hypersensitivity pneumonitis
      is not associated with evidence of enhanced AM particulate M. faeni catabolism.

PMID- 4056250
TI  - Changes in bronchial hyperreactivity induced by 4 weeks of treatment with
      antiasthmatic drugs in patients with allergic asthma: a comparison between
      budesonide and terbutaline.
AB  - We performed a double-blind crossover study to compare the effects of long-term
      treatment of inhaled budesonide and terbutaline on bronchial hyperreactivity in
      17 patients with allergic asthma. Both drugs were administered for 4 weeks with a
      placebo-treatment period before and after each active-treatment period. To assess
      bronchial hyperreactivity, standardized inhalation provocation tests with
      histamine and propranolol were performed every 2 weeks. Before each inhalation
      provocation the drugs were withheld for at least 12 hours. Before the budesonide
      treatment the FEV1 value (percent predicted) was 85.3 +/- 4.1% (mean +/- SEM).
      After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with this drug, the value increased
      significantly to 89.4 +/- 4.1% and 96.2 +/- 3.8%, respectively (p less than 0.05
      and p less than 0.005). The histamine provocation concentrations causing a
      decrease in FEV1 of 20% (PC20) on the same days were 4.0, 7.2, and 9.5 mg/ml,
      respectively (both p less than 0.001). The PC20 values for propranolol, which
      were measured 1 hour after the histamine provocation, were 11.7, 13.3, and 14.0
      mg/ml (ns). The FEV1 values before and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with
      terbutaline were 86.2 +/- 4.0%, 84.8 +/- 4.1%, and 87.0 +/- 4.6%, respectively.
      The histamine PC20 values on the same days were 4.7, 3.1 (p less than 0.05), and
      3.8 mg/ml, respectively. The propranolol PC20 values were 14.2, 8.7, and 10.1
      mg/ml (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05, respectively. We conclude that
      budesonide improves bronchial hyperreactivity, possibly by a dampening of late
      allergic reactions, whereas treatment with terbutaline may lead to a temporary
      increase of bronchial hyperreactivity, possibly as a result of beta-receptor
      desensitization.

PMID- 4056251
TI  - Clemastine and ketotifen in allergen-induced bronchoconstriction: is the current
      evidence conflicting?

PMID- 4056252
TI  - Follow-up of occupational asthma caused by crab and various agents.
AB  - Sixty-three subjects with occupational asthma caused by crab (n = 31) and various
      other agents (n = 32) were studied after cessation of exposure at work for mean
      +/- SD intervals of 12.3 +/- 5.5 and 24.5 +/- 18.7 months (greater than 6 months
      in every subject), respectively. Nineteen of the subjects with asthma caused by
      crab and 30 of the subjects with asthma caused by various agents were still
      symptomatic of asthma, nine subjects of the latter group requiring
      bronchodilators (with inhaled beclomethasone in five) regularly. No significant
      changes in baseline spirometry were observed at the time of follow-up as compared
      with initial assessment, nine subjects (all in the asthma group caused by various
      agents) demonstrating significant bronchial obstruction. Improvement in bronchial
      responsiveness to histamine was significant (p less than 0.01) in the group with
      asthma caused by crab but not in the other group. Forty-eight of 52 subjects
      still had significant airway hyperexcitability. Subjects with asthma caused by
      crab who were asymptomatic and those subjects with asthma caused by various
      agents who used bronchodilators only if they were needed had worked for shorter
      intervals after onset of symptoms (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05,
      respectively). It is concluded that subjects with occupational asthma caused by
      various agents can remain symptomatic of asthma and demonstrate a persistence of
      bronchial obstruction and hyperexcitability for prolonged intervals after
      cessation of exposure.

PMID- 4056253
TI  - Improving the ability of peak expiratory flow rates to predict asthma.
AB  - A major problem in the behavioral management of childhood asthma concerns
      recognition of the early signs of impending episode. An objective measure
      commonly used to aid recognition of early warning signs is the peak expiratory
      flow rate (PEFR). This study examined the ability of PEFRs to predict asthma
      within a 12-hour period; the prediction method used was based on prior and
      conditional posterior probabilities. Twenty-five children with asthma recorded
      their PEFR twice daily, and also recorded the date and time of their asthma
      episodes. Conditional posterior probabilities and the ratio of hits to misses
      were computed for each subject at successively lower flow rates. The average
      improvement in predictability from the prior probability to the highest posterior
      probability was 491%. The ratio of hits to misses and the number of episodes
      predicted, however, decreased as the posterior probability increased. Selection
      of the PEFR at lower posterior probabilities resulted in fewer prediction errors
      and led to prediction of a higher number of episodes than selection of the PEFR
      at the highest posterior probability.

PMID- 4056254
TI  - The bronchodilator effect and pharmacokinetics of theobromine in young patients
      with asthma.
AB  - The bronchodilator effect of a 10 mg/kg dose of theobromine (3,7
      dimethylxanthine) was compared with that of 5 mg/kg of theophylline (1,3
      dimethylxanthine) in young patients with asthma. Bronchodilation, as assessed by
      forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in the first second, forced
      expiratory flows at 25%, 50%, and 75% of vital capacity, and percent of forced
      expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity did not differ
      significantly between the two drugs. After each drug bronchodilation peaked at 2
      hours and lasted for 6 hours, although it was not always statistically
      significant for theobromine. The mean peak serum concentrations of both drugs,
      the time at which peak serum concentrations occurred, and elimination half-life
      values were similar for theobromine and theophylline.

PMID- 4056255
TI  - Serum sickness triggered by anaphylaxis: a complication of immunotherapy.
AB  - An 8-year-old boy developed anaphylaxis after receiving his maintenance dose of
      immunotherapy and proceeded to display the signs and symptoms of serum sickness.
      These consisted of fever, arthralgia, arthritis, urticaria followed by a
      hemorrhagic palpable rash, edema, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, abdominal pain,
      proteinuria, and neurologic manifestations consistent with vascular compromise of
      the posterior cerebral circulation. A skin biopsy specimen revealed perivascular
      infiltrates of lymphocytes and few polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The timing of
      events in this patient suggests that immunotherapy initiated a chain of events
      beginning with anaphylaxis and leading to serum sickness. It is hypothesized that
      the enhanced vascular permeability that accompanied the anaphylaxis allowed
      immune complexes that may have preexisted in the circulation to deposit in the
      blood vessels of the patient. These complexes may or may not have been related to
      the immunotherapy itself. Because antihistamines are known to prevent the
      induction of serum sickness, early and aggressive treatment of anaphylaxis during
      immunotherapy may prevent the occurrence of immune complex disease.

PMID- 4056256
TI  - The effect of inhaled nifedipine on bronchial reactivity to histamine in man.
AB  - We have administered nifedipine by aerosol to six patients with mild asthma to
      determine whether local administration of a potent calcium channel blocker has
      any effect on resting airway tone or histamine reactivity. Subjects had their
      responsiveness to histamine measured and then received either nifedipine, 10 mg
      in 40% ethanol, or diluent alone in a randomized, double-blind fashion. Specific
      airway conductance, blood pressure, and heart rate did not change after either
      inhalation. Histamine reactivity was significantly reduced after the nifedipine
      aerosol, the geometric mean provocative concentration causing a 35% fall in
      specific airway conductance, rising from 5.0 to 10.9 mg/ml of histamine (p less
      than 0.05). In individuals this protective effect was variable but overall was no
      greater than that observed after sublingual nifedipine. Plasma nifedipine
      concentrations were measured in two subjects after administration of the aerosol
      and confirmed that inhaled nifedipine is absorbed across the bronchial mucosa.

PMID- 4056257
TI  - An immunochemical approach to indoor aeroallergen quantitation with a new
      volumetric air sampler: studies with mite, roach, cat, mouse, and guinea pig
      antigens.
AB  - We describe a new high-volume air sampler for determining antigen concentrations
      in homes and illustrate its use for quantitating airborne house dust mite, cat,
      cockroach, mouse, and guinea pig antigens. The concentration of house dust-mite
      antigen was similar from houses in Rochester, Minn. and tenement apartments in
      Harlem, N. Y., but cockroach and mouse urinary proteins were present only in
      Harlem. The amount of cat or guinea pig antigen varied as expected with the
      number of pets in the home. In calm air the airborne concentration of mite and
      cat antigen was similar throughout the house but increased greatly in a bedroom
      when bedding was changed. In calm air most of the cat and mite antigens were
      associated with respirable particles less than 5 microns mean aerodynamic mass
      diameter, but in air sampled after the bedding was changed, more cat antigen was
      found in particles greater than 5 microns. The apparatus and technique described
      can provide objective data concerning the magnitude and the relative distribution
      and duration of suspended particles of defined sizes, which contain allergen
      activity.

PMID- 4056258
TI  - Suppression of late-phase skin reactions by immunotherapy with ragweed extract.
AB  - The cutaneous late-phase reaction (LPR) to ragweed was studied in untreated
      ragweed-allergic individuals and patients receiving 3 to 5 years of immunotherapy
      demonstrating clinical improvement. The magnitude of immediate skin reactions and
      the initial levels of the specific IgE and IgG antiragweed antibodies were
      similar in both groups. The LPR was elicited by administering a skin test with
      ragweed extract at 10 times the concentration required to elicit a 4 + immediate
      reaction and appeared as an erythematous-edematous lesion associated with
      pruritus. In the untreated group 94% developed an LPR (59 +/- 32 mm at 4 hours
      and 67 +/- 30 mm at 8 hours) at this dose. In the treated group only one third
      developed an LPR, one third had partial response measurable at one of these two
      times, and one third failed to develop any LPR (21 +/- 20 mm at 4 hours, p less
      than 0.002, and 20 +/- 22 mm at 8 hours, p less than 0.001). Therapy resulted in
      a twentyfold increase of IgG antiragweed level and in a decline of IgE
      antiragweed. The size of the LPR correlated inversely with the level of IgG
      antiragweed (p less than 0.01; r = -0.52) but not with IgE antibody. Thus, in a
      retrospective analysis immunotherapy was associated with the suppression of the
      skin LPR, and the magnitude of the LPR was correlated with the level of IgG
      antiragweed. We suggest that the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy is related in
      part to effects on the LPR.

PMID- 4056259
TI  - Immunotherapy with a standardized Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract. I. In
      vivo and in vitro parameters after a short course of treatment.
AB  - Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) is the major allergen in allergic asthma in
      France. Standardized and lyophilized Dp extracts are available, and their
      effectiveness after a short course of rush immunotherapy was examined in a
      placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Twenty patients received the Dp
      standardized extract, and 10 other patients received a placebo extract. Before
      and 7 weeks after rush immunotherapy, in vivo and in vitro parameters were
      examined. Bronchial provocation tests performed in a standardized manner
      demonstrated that a provocative dose causing a 20% fall in FEV1, a 25% fall in
      maximum mild expiratory flow rate, a 25% fall in maximum flow when 50% of the
      forced vital capacity has been expired, and a 35% fall in specific airway
      conductance were significantly (p less than 0.005 to p less than 0.01, Wilcoxon W
      test) improved in the treated group and remained unchanged in the placebo group.
      Skin test titration demonstrated that patients placed in the treated group had a
      significant (p less than 0.001, Wilcoxon W test) decrease of both end point titer
      and size of the largest wheal. No significant difference was observed in the
      placebo group. Serum Dp-IgE did not vary significantly in either group. Serum Dp
      antigen P1-IgG was significantly (p less than 0.001, Wilcoxon W test) increased
      in the treated group and slightly increased in the placebo-treated group. This
      study demonstrated that a Dp standardized extract administered by a rush protocol
      elicits a rapid and significant immune response and leads to a significant
      protection of the patients.

PMID- 4056260
TI  - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy in a child with unusual clinical and
      immunologic features.
AB  - We report a case of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy in a child followed for 13
      years. Unusual features include prolonged course, cold urticaria,
      nonthrombocytopenic purpura, poor wound healing, transfusion reactions, and
      possible neurologic involvement with cerebritis and epileptic seizures. The
      patient's serum contained a monoclonal cryoglobulin, immunoglobulin G, kappa
      light chain type, that activated the classic complement pathway in vitro and
      mediated passive transfer of the cold urticaria. The patient responded well to
      corticosteroids and has been in clinical remission for 8 years without specific
      treatment. There is immunologic evidence of persistent residual disease activity.
      This case illustrates the remarkable diversity of clinical and immunologic
      features and the variable prognosis of this disorder.

PMID- 4056261
TI  - The Army Weight Control Program: a comprehensive mandated approach to weight
      control.
AB  - The Army Weight Control Program is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, and
      mandated approach to weight control, designed to assist, educate, and motivate
      overweight individuals to reach their ideal body weight. The program objective is
      to ensure that Army personnel are able to meet the physical demands of their
      duties under combat conditions and is based on the assumption that the individual
      is ultimately responsible for exhibiting high standards of professional
      appearance. The history and the program philosophy are described. The Army Weight
      Control Program utilizes height-weight tables as an initial screen, followed by
      skinfold measurements, to identify overweight soldiers. Individuals who exceed
      established age and sex adjusted body fat standards (20% to 26% for men and 28%
      to 34% for women) and who do not have a pathological cause for their obesity are
      enrolled in the mandatory Army Weight Control Program. Entry into the program
      results in the withholding of favorable personnel actions. Noncompliance with
      established monthly weight-loss goals for a period of 6 months may result in
      separation from the Army. The rationale for the procedures and the methodologies
      of the program are reviewed and discussed. It is concluded that studies are
      required to evaluate the effectiveness of mandatory weight-control programs.

PMID- 4056262
TI  - Validity of the 24-hour dietary recall.
AB  - The validity of the 24-hour recall was studied with a comparison of recalled and
      observed food and nutrient intake for 140 subjects, 84 males (60%) and 56 females
      (40%), 15 to 57 years old. The observation was carried out during 1 day by
      recording the amounts of foods selected by the subjects at four meals. The
      following day, 24-hour recalls were obtained. The results showed that some food
      items eaten were omitted in the recall, the extremes being 4% of times eaten for
      fish and 50% for cooked vegetables. In addition, some food items not actually
      eaten were added in the recall, the additions ranging from 2% of times recalled
      for bread to 29% for sugar. The difference between mean recalled and observed
      nutrient intake was between -6% and 11%, except for sucrose (-20%) and vitamin C
      (-16%). The product-moment correlation coefficient between observed and recalled
      nutrient intake was in the range of 0.58 to 0.74. Women achieved somewhat more
      accurate results than men, and the recall results in the 35 to 44 age group were
      the most valid. It was concluded that validity is unsatisfactory on the
      individual level and satisfactory on the group level.

PMID- 4056263
TI  - Weight control in young college women: who are the dieters?
AB  - Dieting behavior was studied in 166 young college women, 18 to 24 years old. The
      women were divided into three groups on the basis of the amount of time they had
      spent dieting during the previous school year (8 months). Of the whole
      population, 18.1% had spent more than half the time dieting (chronic dieters),
      45.2% had dieted 50% of the time or less (periodic dieters), and 36.7% had not
      dieted during that period (nondieters). Physical measurements, background
      characteristics, and weight-loss experiences were compared among the three
      groups, following an anthropometric measurement session and administration of a
      self-report questionnaire. The chronic and periodic dieters weighed an average of
      12 lb more than the nondieters and were more likely to be obese. The dieters also
      had greater triceps skinfold thickness, arm circumference, arm muscle diameter,
      and arm muscle circumference measurements. Women in both dieting groups were more
      likely than the nondieting group to consider themselves as having been overweight
      during their childhood and adolescent years and to consider at least one parent
      overweight. The average age at the time of the first reducing diet was 16.2
      years. The four most commonly tried weight-loss approaches were exercise,
      moderate calorie restriction, fasting/starvation, and diet pills or supplements.
      The major sources of information on reducing diets were magazines or newspapers
      and friends or relatives.

PMID- 4056264
TI  - Appalachian adolescents' snack patterns: morning, afternoon, and evening snacks.
AB  - The snack patterns of 225 adolescents selected from four metropolitan and three
      rural schools in eastern Tennessee were examined with the use of 24-hour food
      records kept on a school day. Most (89%) of the respondents ate at least one
      snack on the day of the survey. Morning snacks, most of which were obtained from
      school stores or school vending machines, were more likely to include candies and
      salty snack foods than were afternoon and evening snacks, most of which were
      eaten at home. Breads and cereals were popular choices for afternoon and evening
      snacks. Carbonated beverages and desserts were popular during all time periods.
      Nutrient densities of snacks were low in all time periods but lowest in morning
      snacks. Nutrients present in lowest amounts were iron, calcium, and vitamin A.
      Snack patterns of boys and girls were similar, although boys' intakes of energy,
      calcium, and riboflavin were higher than those of girls.

PMID- 4056265
TI  - State of the art in marketing hospital foodservice departments.
AB  - The purposes of this study were to identify the state of the art relative to the
      utilization of marketing techniques within hospital foodservice departments
      throughout the United States and to determine whether any relationships existed
      between the degree of utilization of marketing techniques and selected
      demographic characteristics of the foodservice administrators and/or operations.
      A validated questionnaire was mailed to 600 randomly selected hospital
      foodservice administrators requesting information related to marketing in their
      facilities. Forty-five percent of the questionnaires were returned and analyzed
      for frequency of response and significant relationship between variables. Chi
      square was used for nominal data and Spearman rho for ranked data. Approximately
      73% of the foodservice administrators stated that marketing was extremely
      important in the success of a hospital foodservice department. Respondents (79%)
      further indicated that marketing had become more important in their departments
      in the past 2 years. Departmental records, professional journals, foodservice
      suppliers, observation, and surveys were the sources most often used to obtain
      marketing data, a responsibility generally assumed by the foodservice director
      (86.2%). Merchandising, public relations, and word-of-mouth reputation were
      regarded as the most important aspects of marketing. Increased sales,
      participation, good will, departmental recognition, and employee satisfaction
      were used most frequently to evaluate the success of implemented marketing
      techniques. Marketing audits as a means of evaluating the success of marketing
      were used to a limited extent by the respondents.

PMID- 4056266
TI  - The Enhanced Productivity Program.
AB  - The Enhanced Productivity Program is based on an organizational audit of a
      dietary department by a foodservice consultant. The objective of the program was
      to enhance department productivity by increasing personnel efficiency through
      work simplification and work organization principles while maintaining quality
      standards. The Enhanced Productivity Program comprises 13 subsystems that
      interact to affect overall productivity of the department. The program was
      structured by a task-oriented program schedule that identified tasks to be
      carried out in each subsystem. A system diagram detailed time frames and
      milestones guiding each task to completion. A comprehensive work plan was
      developed for each task. Time and motion studies carried out before and after
      implementation of program changes demonstrate a savings of 9.27 labor hours per
      day. Trayline speed increased from 1.7 trays to 3 trays per minute. Improved
      personnel efficiency allowed an 11% growth in meal volume in 6 months, thus
      improving departmental productivity.

PMID- 4056267
TI  - A nutrition and weight-control program in industry.

PMID- 4056268
TI  - A weight-control program for bank employees.
AB  - Three separate weight-control classes were offered to employees of a Lincoln
      bank. The classes consisted of eight consecutive, 1-hour weekly sessions with two
      booster sessions at 6-week intervals. Behavior change, caloric and nutritional
      value of foods, and exercise were stressed in the classes. Long-term success of
      the program was evaluated for two classes, one at 27 months and the other at 22
      months after the initial session. Weight losses of Class 1 averaged 11.3 lb at 8
      weeks, 15.7 lb after 5 months, and 8.5 lb at 27 months. For Class 2, weight loss
      after 8 weeks averaged 8.8 lb, with a 10.3-lb loss at 5 months, and an 8.3-lb
      loss at 22 months. For Class 3, weight loss averaged 6.8 lb after 8 weeks and
      12.0 lb at 5 months. This was the most recent class, and sufficient time has not
      elapsed to measure long-term results. Participants who achieved the greatest
      success reported substituting baking and broiling for frying as their method of
      food preparation, exercising routinely, eating smaller portions of food, and
      setting goals for weight loss. The program was considered cost-effective by both
      the dietitian and the bank administration.

PMID- 4056269
TI  - Newsletter for university students promotes nutrition services.
AB  - Survey results indicated that university students benefited from reading Nutri
      Notes, a newsletter based on Dietary Guidelines for Americans and written by
      members of a student dietetic association. Students said that they had more
      knowledge of nutrition and had increased their contacts with
      dietitians/nutritionists after they had read the newsletters.

PMID- 4056270
TI  - Left ventricular diastolic function in a population of healthy elderly subjects.
      An echocardiographic study.
AB  - Diastolic left ventricular function was comparatively assessed in 19 healthy
      elderly individuals (mean age 71 years) and in 20 young normal subjects (mean age
      26 years), using digitized echocardiograms. Peak and average filling rates were
      slower in the group of elderly subjects than in the younger population (128 +/-
      26 and 75 +/- 11 v 182 +/- 37 and 92 +/- 17 mm per second, respectively, P less
      than .001). The duration of the rapid filling phase and the time to peak filling
      rate were significantly longer in the older than in the younger population (207
      +/- 39 and 125 +/- 21 v 174 +/- 38 and 90 +/- 26 ms, respectively, P less than
      .01). The atrial contribution to total ventricular filling was 18 +/- 6% in the
      elderly and 10 +/- 3% in the young (P less than .001). The group differences of
      most of these measurements of diastolic function retained statistical
      significance after correction for heart rate. Measurements of left ventricular
      systolic function were similar in both age groups. The authors conclude that
      aging is associated with a decline of left ventricular compliance, unrelated to
      heart rate or systolic performance. The contribution of atrial contraction to
      ventricular filling is quantitatively larger in elderly individuals.

PMID- 4056271
TI  - Assessment of iron stores in anemic geriatric patients.
AB  - Of patients referred to a geriatric service, 66 were identified who were clearly
      anemic (hemoglobin less than 12 g in men, less than 11 g in women) but whose
      cause of anemia was not readily identifiable by noninvasive measures. The
      difficulty in distinguishing iron deficiency from chronic disease as a cause of
      anemia by noninvasive means (serum iron, total iron binding capacity, transferrin
      saturation ratio, and serum ferritin), is highlighted by the poor power of these
      investigations when compared with bone marrow iron stores. A transferrin
      saturation ratio of less than 11% and a serum ferritin of less than 45 pg/L serve
      better than currently accepted values to identify iron deficiency in this
      population.

PMID- 4056272
TI  - Consumer products and hospitalized burn injuries among elderly Massachusetts
      residents.
AB  - This study is based on data for Massachusetts residents who were burned between
      July 1, 1978 and June 30, 1979 and who were treated as hospital inpatients in any
      of the 240 hospitals participating in the New England Regional Burn Program.
      Demographic information and information regarding the nature of the burn injury
      and consumer products involved were obtained by review of the medical record for
      each case. One hundred seven (9%) of the 1237 burn victims identified were aged
      65 years or older, yielding a burn incidence rate equal to 15.5 burns per 100,000
      person-years compared with a rate of 23.8 burns per 100,000 person-years for
      younger Massachusetts residents. The burn mortality rate for the elderly who
      survived long enough to be hospitalized was 2.6 deaths per 100,000 person-years
      compared with a rate of 0.4 deaths per 100,000 person-years for younger
      individuals. For survivors, the average length of hospital stay for elderly
      victims was 28.6 days compared with 12.0 days for younger individuals. Clothing
      ignition, stoves and ovens, smoking materials, and bathroom showers and tubs
      contributed significantly to the causes of burning among the elderly. In
      addition, evidence was found suggesting that elderly patients receive medical
      care relatively later after injury, thus considerably complicating their illness.

PMID- 4056274
TI  - Performance of candidates on the geriatric medicine items of the American Board
      of Internal Medicine Certifying Examination.
AB  - The performance of candidates on the geriatric medicine items on the American
      Board of Internal Medicine's 1980, 1981, and 1982 Certifying Examinations was
      analyzed. For the 1981 and 1982 examinations, candidates who trained in residency
      programs having a special emphasis on geriatric medicine performed significantly
      better on the geriatric item than did candidates who attended other residency
      programs, regardless of overall medical knowledge. This finding suggests the
      efficacy of training in geriatric medicine as measured by a written examination.

PMID- 4056273
TI  - Survey of the age structure of "age-relevant" articles in four general medical
      journals.
AB  - The authors analyzed clinical research articles (1980 to 1982) in four general
      medical journals: New England Journal of Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine,
      Journal of the American Medical Association, and British Medical Journal. Of the
      1943 articles surveyed, 38.2% were judged to be clinically "relevant" to the
      elderly. "Relevant" articles were further analyzed to determine whether they
      contained enough older subjects to enable the reader to draw any inferences about
      the particular disease or diagnostic or treatment modality studied. Criteria for
      "age sufficiency" included: mean age of study group (means) greater than or equal
      to 60 years; if means was less than 60 years, two SD or the range included at
      least one patient aged 70 years; and greater than or equal to 20% of the study
      group was older than 60 years. Overall, slightly more than 50% of clinically
      relevant articles had too few older subjects by the authors' quite liberal age
      criteria. No statistically significant differences were found among the four
      journals. Of the age-relevant articles, 25.5% had a mean age of sample studied of
      greater than or equal to 60 years, 10.9% of greater than or equal to 65 years,
      5.6% of greater than or equal to 70 years, and 2.3% of greater than or equal to
      75 years. The average age of all subjects studied for three conditions commonly
      found among the elderly was calculated: coronary artery disease (51.7 years);
      hypertension (49.8 years); and cancer (52.9 years). The authors concluded that
      many of the original articles of these four journals did not include (for 1980 to
      1982) enough older subjects in their study samples to enable readers to draw any
      valid inferences about the older population itself.

PMID- 4056275
TI  - Preventive geriatric care on the kibbutz.

PMID- 4056276
TI  - Comfort measures for the terminally ill. Is dehydration painful?

PMID- 4056277
TI  - Capgras syndrome in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type.

PMID- 4056278
TI  - Terminating life support.

PMID- 4056279
TI  - The medical students of 1985: toward meeting their personal needs.

PMID- 4056280
TI  - Developmental strains of women medical students.

PMID- 4056281
TI  - Finances: a hidden cost to women medical students.

PMID- 4056282
TI  - Snellen and S-chart acuity.

PMID- 4056283
TI  - The nation's new health care agenda: challenges to professional values in
      optometric care, services.

PMID- 4056284
TI  - Position statement on vision therapy.

PMID- 4056285
TI  - Oral fluorography. The Oral Fluorescein Study Group.
AB  - A cooperative study group was formed to evaluate the use and effectiveness of
      oral fluorography. The procedure is simple to perform, reliable, and side effects
      are almost negligible. Oral fluorescein provides valuable information when such
      information is required in a timely manner, or when late leakage of fluorescein
      is anticipated. It is also valuable for patients who fear intravenous injection
      of dye or who have relatively inaccessible veins.

PMID- 4056286
TI  - Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy.
AB  - Although cataract surgery alone carries a risk of iatrogenic endothelial damage,
      IOL implantation will further increase the risk of endothelial compromise and
      resulting bullous keratopathy. PBK is an important consideration in the
      differential diagnosis of corneal disease in the pseudophakic eye and with proper
      treatment visual loss due to PBK is usually reversible. While seen most
      frequently with iris clip implants, all pseudophakes are susceptible to PBK and
      should be carefully observed for this disease entity.

PMID- 4056287
TI  - Retinal macroaneurysms.

PMID- 4056288
TI  - A newsletter is the answer.

PMID- 4056289
TI  - Happiness is choosing your optimum scope of practice.

PMID- 4056290
TI  - Role of the optometrist in disease prevention and health promotion.

PMID- 4056291
TI  - Economic and professional aspects of disease prevention and health promotion.
AB  - The prevention of disease and the promotion of health, along with cost
      containment, have become major priorities in the planning for and the delivery of
      health care services. As the second most prevalent chronic health problem in the
      United States, vision disorders create a serious health and economic threat to
      society and, therefore, they should be considered as a prime target for inclusion
      in programs of disease prevention and health promotion. In recognition of the
      role and scope of the third largest independent health care profession and in
      consideration of its cost efficient delivery of eye and vision care services,
      optometry must become a more active participant in the development and
      implementation of strategies and programs for improving, maintaining and
      protecting the visual health of society.

PMID- 4056292
TI  - Combat spectacles: military testing of a new spectacle frame.
AB  - An improved spectacle frame has been developed for use during periods of extreme
      physical activity, particularly by military personnel during combat operations,
      and which can be used under protective face masks and headgear. The frame has a
      wrap-around shape, made of nylon with a contoured, recessed bridge and safety
      lens groove. U-shaped bridles snap on the frame front and an adjustable,
      interlocking strap fits over the bridles and passes under a protective mask
      sealing area. Field tests were conducted with 1231 soldiers at 12 military
      installations. Over 90% of those tested found combat spectacles were comfortable
      to wear, extremely durable, compatible with headgear and superior to existing
      military eyewear.

PMID- 4056293
TI  - Comparison of the acceptance of progressive addition multifocal vs. a standard
      multifocal lens design.
AB  - An evaluation of the relative influence of the optical features of two forms of
      multifocal lenses, one of progressive power form and one of standard flat-top 25
      bifocal form, is made upon a number of subjects. A comparison of acceptance was
      made with special emphasis on testing of intermediate range of vision and breadth
      of the near field. The progressive form of multifocal correction were
      overwhelmingly preferred over flat-top 25 bifocals. A preference was found for
      the optical advantage of acceptable vision at all distances over the
      disadvantages of narrower field afforded by the progressive multifocal design.

PMID- 4056294
TI  - A comparison of static and dynamic stereoacuity.
AB  - It is usually assumed by the clinician that a person's total stereoscopic ability
      can be measured by routine stereoacuity tests. Yet, there is considerable
      evidence that the brain processes static and moving images via separate channels.
      In an attempt to determine the validity of the clinician's assumption, we
      compared results of the Titmus and TNO stereoacuity test with that of a dynamic
      stereoacuity test of our design. The data obtained from 146 subjects showed no
      correlation between static and dynamic responses. It seems improbable, therefore,
      that stereoscopic ability in the real world can be predicted from static clinical
      stereoacuity tests. The implication of dynamic stereopsis in sports vision and
      athletic performance is discussed.

PMID- 4056295
TI  - Ectoparasitic infestation of the lashes.
AB  - Phthirus pubis, commonly known as the crab louse, has as its habitat the pubic
      and inguinal regions of the body. Transfer between hosts is most commonly a
      result of sexual contact. On occasion, Phthirus pubis will leave its usual seat
      of predilection and infest other hair-bearing body parts. When infestation of the
      eyelashes occurs, it is known as phthiriasis palpebrarum. The case presented is
      an example of phthiriasis palpebrarum in a young female, apparently contracted as
      a result of transfer from the genital region of an affected male by hand contact.

PMID- 4056296
TI  - An itinerant model for delivery of clinical low vision services in a rural
      community.
AB  - In 1976, a premise was developed that resulted in the inception of a mobile low
      vision service in the State of New Hampshire. Today, the New Hampshire
      Association for the Blind continues to provide low vision service throughout the
      state using a mobile clinical van and a training staff who provide training in
      aid use within the home. The model has proved effective in dealing with the
      special needs of the low vision population in a rural area.

PMID- 4056297
TI  - Introduction to panel: perspectives on the nature of psychic reality.

PMID- 4056298
TI  - The concept of psychic reality and related problems.

PMID- 4056299
TI  - The interpretation of psychic reality, developmental influences, and unconscious
      communication.

PMID- 4056300
TI  - The concept of psychic reality: its meaning and value.

PMID- 4056301
TI  - Dual coding: a cognitive model for psychoanalytic research.
AB  - Four theories of mental representation derived from current experimental work in
      cognitive psychology have been discussed in relation to psychoanalytic theory.
      These are: verbal mediation theory, in which language determines or mediates
      thought; perceptual dominance theory, in which imagistic structures are dominant;
      common code or propositional models, in which all information, perceptual or
      linguistic, is represented in an abstract, amodal code; and dual coding, in which
      nonverbal and verbal information are each encoded, in symbolic form, in separate
      systems specialized for such representation, and connected by a complex system of
      referential relations. The weight of current empirical evidence supports the dual
      code theory. However, psychoanalysis has implicitly accepted a mixed model
      perceptual dominance theory applying to unconscious representation, and verbal
      mediation characterizing mature conscious waking thought. The characterization of
      psychoanalysis, by Schafer, Spence, and others, as a domain in which reality is
      constructed rather than discovered, reflects the application of this incomplete
      mixed model. The representations of experience in the patient's mind are seen as
      without structure of their own, needing to be organized by words, thus vulnerable
      to distortion or dissolution by the language of the analyst or the patient
      himself. In these terms, hypothesis testing becomes a meaningless pursuit; the
      propositions of the theory are no longer falsifiable; the analyst is always more
      or less "right." This paper suggests that the integrated dual code formulation
      provides a more coherent theoretical framework for psychoanalysis than the mixed
      model, with important implications for theory and technique. In terms of dual
      coding, the problem is not that the nonverbal representations are vulnerable to
      distortion by words, but that the words that pass back and forth between analyst
      and patient will not affect the nonverbal schemata at all. Using the dual code
      formulation, and applying an investigative methodology derived from experimental
      cognitive psychology, a new approach to the verification of interpretations is
      possible. Some constructions of a patient's story may be seen as more accurate
      than others, by virtue of their linkage to stored perceptual representations in
      long-term memory. We can demonstrate that such linking has occurred in functional
      or operational terms--through evaluating the representation of imagistic content
      in the patient's speech.

PMID- 4056302
TI  - On the vicissitudes of early primary surrogate mothering.
AB  - I have noted estrangement from biological mothers and intolerance of intimate
      relationships in patients with an early history of primary surrogate mothering.
      This observation facilitated discovery of such early histories in 31 of 102
      patients I examined during a five-year period. With a review of the literature,
      and clinical examples, I attempt to associate the estrangement and intolerance
      with the mother's exclusion resulting from her infant's close tie to a surrogate
      and the infant's inevitable traumatic loss of the latter. In the analyses of
      screen phenomena, mother and surrogate mother transferences, all peculiar to that
      caretaking, the surrogate is seen to emerge from obscurity. In the clinical
      examples (limited to losses of surrogates following the infant's eighteenth
      month) screen memories, dreams, and eclipse are found to possess a common
      feature: the image of the surrogate is screened by that of the mother. Biological
      mother and, in the countertransference, the analyst play a significant role in
      perpetuating the concealment of the surrogate.

PMID- 4056303
TI  - Perspectives on the nature of psychic reality. Panel report.

PMID- 4056304
TI  - Similar profile of urinary and faecal metabolites of 14C-carmoisine in male and
      pregnant female rats after oral administration.
AB  - Pregnant rats received 14C-Carmoisine (200 mg kg-1; 25 microCi) by gavage on days
      16-19 of gestation. The animals were killed and maternal tissues, amniotic fluid,
      placentae, foetal membranes and foetuses were analyzed for radioactivity. No
      evidence for the transplacental transfer of 14C-Carmoisine or its metabolites was
      obtained. Male rats were given a single oral administration of 14C-Carmoisine
      (200 mg kg-1; 25 microCi) and killed at different times after dosing. In both
      male and female animals, more than 90% of the radioactivity was excreted in
      faeces and urine within 64 h, and the results suggested that there was no
      significant absorption of the azodye and no preferential concentration of the red
      food colour or its metabolites in any particular tissue. Analyses by HPLC,
      combined with a radioactivity monitor (RAM), of urine and faeces of such animals
      show that five radioactive peaks were present in the radiochromatogram in
      addition to unmodified Carmoisine. The mean peak shows the retention time and the
      u.v. spectrum of authentic naphthionic acid. The results demonstrate that the
      pregnancy does not affect the kinetic and the metabolic profile of a single oral
      administration of the azodye Carmoisine given at different days of gestation.

PMID- 4056305
TI  - Method for determining the lung burden of talc in rats and mice after inhalation
      exposure to talc aerosols.
AB  - A method has been developed to quantitate talc lung burdens in rats and mice
      after inhalation exposure to talc aerosols. The method is based on acid-insoluble
      magnesium (Mg) determination by flame atomic absorption. Precipitating protein
      from homogenates of lungs of unexposed rodents with 5% perchloric acid and
      washing with 5% trichloroacetic acid removed the soluble and naturally occurring
      Mg. This resulted in residual Mg content averaging 0.43 micrograms Mg per g lung
      in rats and less than 0.1 microgram Mg per g lung in mice for young rodents less
      than 12 weeks old. Rodents 12-18 months old had residual mean (+/- SD) Mg
      contents of 3.4 +/- 2.0 micrograms Mg per g rat lung (n = 17) and 6.5 +/- 2.9
      micrograms Mg per g mouse lung (n = 12). Thus, the background residual acid
      insoluble Mg content in rodent lungs appears to increase with age. Negligible
      quantities of Mg were extracted directly from the talc treated by these
      procedures. Adding 50-2000 micrograms talc to lungs from unexposed rodents,
      followed by the sample treatment, gave mean (+/- SD) Mg recoveries of 89 +/- 12%
      (n = 19) for rat lungs and 96 +/- 26% (n = 15) for mouse lungs. The lung burden
      of talc in rodents exposed to talc aerosols for 6 h per day, 5 days per week for
      4 weeks was determined. Mean lung burdens in rats were 77, 187, and 806
      micrograms talc per g lung (n = 10) for exposures at 2.3, 4.3, and 17 mg talc m
      3, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4056306
TI  - Effects of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde inhalation on rat pulmonary mechanics.
AB  - Two groups of 12 male Wistar rats received either 243 ppm of acetaldehyde or 5.7
      ppm of formaldehyde for 8 h a day, 5 days a week during 5 weeks. These levels
      represent three times the threshold limit values (TLV) for these substances in
      Brazilian legislation. The animals were evaluated by pulmonary function tests
      before and after exposure to the pollutants. The data obtained from these rats
      were compared with those of 12 controls, housed in identical conditions for the
      same length of time but breathing normal air. The results showed an increase of
      the functional residual capacity, residual volume, total lung capacity and
      respiratory frequency in the rats exposed to acetaldehyde atmosphere. The animals
      exposed to formaldehyde did not present pulmonary function alterations when
      compared with the controls. The damage caused by acetaldehyde to the peripheral
      regions of the lung parenchyma, affecting small airways or altering pulmonary
      elastic properties, is discussed. It is suggested that the Brazilian TLV for
      acetaldehyde (78 ppm) is not as safe as that for formaldehyde (1.6 ppm).

PMID- 4056307
TI  - A comparison of two bioassays used to estimate the toxicity of lupin material
      infected with Phomopsis leptostromiformis.
AB  - Eighty-four lupin samples were tested for toxicity using two currently available
      bioassays. One utilizes sheep and the other nursling rats. There was an
      association between the results obtained by the two bioassays but 65% of the
      variance of the nursling rat bioassay results was not associated with the sheep
      bioassay results in the linear regression. Reasons for this poor correlation are
      suggested and discussed.

PMID- 4056308
TI  - Welding fumes and chromium compounds in cell transformation assays.
AB  - Fumes generated from mild steel and stainless steel welding were collected on
      paper filters and tested in the BHK and SHE cell transformation assays. Fumes
      from the manual metal arc welding of stainless steel (MMA/SS) had a toxic and
      transforming effect attributable to their Cr(VI) content. The fumes from metal
      inert gas stainless steel (MIG/SS) welding also had a toxic effect but this was 2
      3 times greater than that expected from their soluble Cr(VI) content based on the
      activity of soluble Cr(VI) from pure chromium compounds. When collected in an
      impinger, the fumes from MIG/SS were found to contain approximately 10 times the
      soluble Cr(VI) content of samples collected on filters. This additional Cr(VI),
      when collected in a water impinger, also exhibited a greater toxicity compared
      with that found for the additional Cr(VI) collected in an impinger filled with
      growth medium. This comparison implies the presence of a short-lived biologically
      active Cr(VI) species usually lost in conventional sampling techniques. It also
      implies that there is a detoxification step associated with the formation of
      Cr(VI) organic complexes. Relatively insoluble Cr(VI) compounds showed a higher
      toxic and transforming effect in the BHK assay than could be ascribed to the
      soluble Cr(VI) content of the medium, indicating the importance of phagocytosis
      as a pathway for the uptake of Cr(VI) and other toxic substances from
      particulates.

PMID- 4056309
TI  - Oxidant gas injury to the lung: a discussion on the functional implications.
AB  - Acute toxic inhalation by the oxidant gases, particularly ozone (O3), nitrogen
      dioxide (NO2) and oxygen (O2) at high tension, has been assumed to be no more
      than a chemical burn of the epithelial surface. More recently, oxidant toxic
      inhalation has been appreciated as a complex process involving biochemical,
      morphological and functional changes which are qualitatively similar although
      inducible by different agents. Recent advances in pulmonary pathophysiology,
      inhalation toxicology and particularly endothelial biology now challenge the
      validity of a theoretical framework which seemed almost complete just 5 years
      ago. Considerable attention has been paid in recent years to the biochemical
      events occurring at the moment of and immediately following exposure to the
      oxidant gases. Progress in elucidating the initial events has been rapid and
      promises a more complete picture in the near future. Studies of the
      pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with toxic inhalation by the oxidant gases
      have been relatively static, however. In this discussion, implications of recent
      findings in related fields were examined in an effort to identify new hypotheses
      and directions for investigation.

PMID- 4056310
TI  - Partition coefficients of mercury (203Hg) vapor between air and biological
      fluids.
AB  - Ostwald partition coefficients for mercury (Hg203) vapor (ng Hg per ml fluid/ng
      Hg vapor per ml air) were determined for human whole blood, 10.50 (10 degrees C),
      6.62 (22 degrees C); 4.20 (37 degrees C); for human plasma, 5.56 (10 degrees C),
      3.63 (22 degrees C), 2.40 (37 degrees C); for 0.9% NaCl; 2.65 (22 degrees C); and
      for sunflower oil, 80.8 (22 degrees C). It was shown that the uptake of mercury
      vapor by whole blood can not be accounted for as the sum of the solubilities of
      the saline and lipid components, but that when the uptake by hemoglobin is
      included the agreement is satisfactory. Using the solubility of mercury vapor as
      determined in this paper, consideration was given to various mechanisms for
      mobilization of mercury vapor from the lung. The method used for these
      determinations is recommended for similar studies because of its simplicity and
      precision.

PMID- 4056311
TI  - Toxicity study of uracil in dogs.
AB  - Uracil was administered to male and female dogs for 3 months and to male dogs for
      12 months at dose levels of 0, 210, 420, 840 and 1680 mg uracil per kg body
      weight per day by gavage. While there were minor differences seen in food
      consumption, water consumption and erythroid parameters between the 3-month and
      the 12-month studies, it was concluded that there were no adverse effects seen on
      these parameters nor on body weight, EKG, clinical laboratory studies and organ
      weights. Pathological observations did not show treatment-related effects.

PMID- 4056312
TI  - Oxidation state analysis of mercury: evidence of the formation of mercurous ion
      in the oxidation of mercury by peracetic acid.
AB  - Both elemental mercury and the mercurous ion give rise to a signal in Cold-Vapor
      Atomic Absorption Analysis under non-reducing conditions. Distinction between
      these species based on the greater solubility of the mercurous ion in water is
      possible, and the potential of this analytical distinction is illustrated with
      the finding that oxidation of mercury by peracetic acid involves the mercurous
      state.

PMID- 4056313
TI  - [Retinal illumination during operations using picosecond YAG laser].
AB  - We review the main physical parameters involved in YAG laser surgery upon
      transparent ocular media, as well as the plasma creation process. Then we study
      the variations of the retinal illumination due to laser fluctuations, leading to
      some conclusions about safety.

PMID- 4056314
TI  - [Argon laser trabeculoretraction in chronic open-angle glaucoma. Personal results
      based on 100 eyes].
AB  - Argon laser trabeculoplasty (or trabeculoretraction) was used following WISE's
      technique in 100 cases of open angle glaucoma. The patients, all of different
      ages, presented with various forms of open angle glaucoma. In some cases, the
      intraocular pressure had not been normalized by the medical treatment, and in
      some others, the patients showed drug intolerance. We eliminated the patients
      whose angle was too narrow to allow photocoagulation. They were examined at
      regular intervals of 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months
      after therapy. Pressure figures only were considered in the therapeutic follow
      up. After 12 months, the mean pressure drop was 7.3 mmHg after 180 degrees
      trabeculoplasty and 11.43 mmHg after 360 degrees trabeculoplasty, the latter
      consequently entailing a more considerable drop. Older subjects however showed a
      greater pressure decrease. We obtained less satisfactory results in cases of
      exfoliative syndrome glaucoma and pigmentary glaucoma. The important point is
      that pressure normalization was obtained--in most cases--only if the prior
      medical treatment was maintained either without any change or lightly reduced.
      The trabeculoplasty alone reduced ocular pressure in only 3.57% and in 9.09%
      respectively after 180 degrees and 360 degrees trabeculoplasty. We can therefore
      conclude from these observations that this technique is only an auxiliary method
      in open angle glaucomas that do not sufficiently respond to medical treatment.

PMID- 4056315
TI  - [Ocular complications of Lyell's syndrome: recent concepts apropos of 26 cases].
AB  - Acute ocular lesions are usual during Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (T.E.N.) and may
      induce persistent alterations. These were thought to be of cicatricial nature. 26
      patients recovering from TEN had a systematic ophthalmological follow-up of at
      least six months after the acute stage (mean: 3 years). 11 of 26 patients (42%)
      exhibited a dry eye, associated in 7 with decreased salivary flow. The sicca
      syndrome appeared during the acute phase of TEN or, more often, a few weeks
      later. The reduction of the lacrymal flow induced corneal lesions in all 11
      patients and 6 patients suffered permanent visual impairment. Biopsies of labial
      accessory salivary glands showed a lymphocytic infiltration of the glandular
      tissue in 5 of 7 cases. In 2 cases the lymphocytic infiltrate was nodular, grade
      III of Chisholm's classification, considered as pathognomonic of Sjogren's
      syndrome. The occurrence of Sjogren-like syndrome in patients recovering from TEN
      suggests an auto-immune pathogenesis for TEN, and is one more analogy between TEN
      and graft-versus-host disease.

PMID- 4056316
TI  - [Intraocular fibrosis after perforating injury of the posterior segment.
      Experimental study].
AB  - Double perforating injuries and linear wounds were produced in the posterior
      segment of the rabbit eye in order to study post-traumatic intraocular
      proliferation. After observation for one month, the animals were sacrificed and
      the eyes treated for histologic examination. Transvitreous strands and preretinal
      membranes slowly developed, sometimes inducing traction retinal detachment.
      Histologic studies demonstrated the new-formed tissue to be fibrovascular, mainly
      containing collagenous fibers and fibroblast-like cells. This fibroblastic
      proliferation closed the wound through the ocular membranes and invaded the
      vitreous using vitreous fibers as a scaffold. The authors discuss the
      signification of this results comparing them to literature data on different
      animals and on man.

PMID- 4056317
TI  - [Statistical study of the basic angle and intensity of spasm in functional
      esotropia (surgical consequences)].
AB  - In esotropia surgery all statistical results give the correlation between the
      amount of the operative correction and the angle of deviation; but this last
      entity is without value, because a consistent deviation nearly ever exists in
      spite of protracted medical management; indeed it is usual to notice large
      spatial variations. In a prospective series of 122 cases the authors have
      carefully studied the basic angle, the amount of angular variations which give
      evidence of the strength of spasm, the deep narcosis angle and the muscle
      elongation test. The various statistical correlations are analyzed. It appears
      that the basic angle and the strength of spasm are two essential connected but
      distinct characteristics of innervational imbalance, and it is necessary to
      carefully evaluate each one. There exists a highly significant correlation
      between the degree of innervational troubles and the frequency of visco-elastic
      impairments. The authors make several statements about medical management, early
      surgery and one-step surgery. They give new guidelines for their operative plan
      with the Faden operation.

PMID- 4056318
TI  - [Lanthony's New Color Test. V. Classification of the grays].
AB  - It is easy to make a shortened Lightness Discrimination Test (LDT) using the grey
      caps of the New Color Test (NCT). The shortened test shows the reduction in
      contrast sensitivity as well as the original LDT in squint amblyopia multiple
      sclerosis, optic neuritis and cerebral tumours. So it is a useful complement to
      the NCT.

PMID- 4056319
TI  - [The preferential looking technic: material and procedure for testing baby
      vision].
AB  - The preferential looking technique, together with a cover test, retinoscopy and a
      fundus examination is done in a hospital setting for screening and follow-up of
      visual deficiencies in infants between 3 and 12 months of age. A series of
      granting from .375 to 18 cycles per degree are generated by slides, paired with a
      matched mean luminance uniform area. The child's preferred gaze orientation is
      determined by an orthoptist unaware of the randomized side of the granting, from
      a picture of the infant displayed on a closed-circuit television. The baby is
      gratified after each positive trial. The finest grating toward which the baby
      systematically orients its gaze is a behavioral estimate of its spatial
      resolution ability. Binocular and monocular testing are performed in at least 15
      minutes. Details of equipment and procedure are described.

PMID- 4056320
TI  - [Effects of oxygenated free radicals on the electrophysiological activity of the
      isolated retina of the rat].
AB  - Particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, the retina constitutes an
      excellent model for testing the functional consequences of membrane
      lipoperoxidation. The effects could be quantified by measuring the amplitude of
      the electroretinogram which represents the characteristic response of the retina
      to its physiological stimulus (light photons). The authors report results
      obtained on isolated rat retina maintained in survival by perfusion. The membrane
      lipid peroxidation is induced by the non enzymatic catalytic system (Fe2+ +
      ascorbate). In the presence of such a system, the amplitude of the b-wave of the
      electroretinogram rapidly decreases and the survival time is notably shortened.
      These results are discussed with regards to the mechanism generating the
      electroretinogram and the specific role played by the disk membrane and plasmic
      membrane of the rod outer segment. Finally, the authors test the radical
      scavenger properties of a Ginkgo biloba extract. The results indicate that such
      an extract develops an antiperoxidative effect probably connected with its
      flavonoid composition. With this extract the survival time of the isolated retina
      is significantly increased and this result could be related to the retinal cell
      membrane disorders observed in diabetes.

PMID- 4056321
TI  - Nutritional influences on aging of Fischer 344 rats: I. Physical, metabolic, and
      longevity characteristics.
AB  - The aims of this research were (a) to compare food restriction initiated in adult
      life of male Fischer 344 rats with that limited to early life or involving most
      of the life span on physical, metabolic, and longevity characteristics and (b) to
      study a similar level of protein restriction without caloric restriction on these
      characteristics. Food restriction (60% of the ad libitum intake) initiated at 6
      months of age markedly increased life span as did a similar restriction started
      at 6 weeks of age, but food restriction limited to early life (6 weeks to 6
      months of age) and protein restriction caused only a small increase in longevity.
      Food restriction does not act by reducing the intake of calories or other
      nutrient per gram of body mass, a finding not in accord with classic views. A
      progressive decrease in spontaneous locomotive activity with age occurred in ad
      libitum fed but not restricted rats.

PMID- 4056322
TI  - Nutritional influences on aging of Fischer 344 rats: II. Pathology.
AB  - The aim of this study was to explore the effects of nutritional manipulations on
      the occurrence and progression of age-related pathologic lesions in male Fischer
      344 rats. The following nutritional regimens were studied: (a) ad libitum
      feeding, (b) food restriction initiated at 6 weeks of age, (c) food restriction
      initiated at 6 months of age, (d) food restriction limited to a period of early
      life (6 weeks to 6 months of age), (e) protein restriction without caloric
      restriction. The major age-related lesions observed were chronic nephropathy,
      cardiomyopathy, and neoplasia. Food restriction initiated at 6 months of age was
      as effective as food restriction initiated at 6 weeks of age in slowing the
      progression of chronic nephropathy and cardiomyopathy and in delaying the
      occurrence of neoplasia. Food restriction limited to early life was much less
      effective. Protein restriction in the absence of caloric restriction did not
      delay the occurrence of neoplasia, but it did retard chronic nephropathy and
      cardiomyopathy, although much less effectively than caloric restriction involving
      a similar level of protein restriction.

PMID- 4056323
TI  - Growth hormone restores protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of old male rats.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to determine if the decline in skeletal muscle
      protein synthesis with age results from diminished secretion of growth hormone
      (GH). Young rats (3 to 4 months) were injected with vehicle and old rats (19 to
      21 months) with bovine GH (2 mg/kg/day), L-dopa (100 mg/kg/day), or vehicle for 8
      days, and the rates of phenylalanine incorporated into total diaphragm muscle
      protein/ug DNA/unit time were compared. After correction for free phenylalanine
      specific activity, rates of protein synthesis were determined to be reduced by
      26% in old as compared with young rats (p less than .05). Treatment of old rats
      with bovine GH increased the rate of protein synthesis by 55% when compared with
      vehicle-treated old rats (p less than .05). L-dopa increased protein synthesis by
      22% when compared with vehicle-treated old rats, although this was not
      statistically different from young or old vehicle-treated rats. These data
      indicate that (a) there is diminished capacity by skeletal muscle of old rats to
      synthesize protein; (b) this decrease is related to the reduced GH secretion
      because protein synthesis can be restored by GH administration; and (c) the dose
      of L-dopa given, although it increased the levels of circulating GH, did not
      completely restore protein synthetic capacity.

PMID- 4056324
TI  - Changes of histone H1 subtypes with aging in strains of mice that possess
      different immunological characteristics.
AB  - Relative proportions of histone H1 proteins were determined for brain, heart,
      liver, and spleen for five strains of mice as a function of age. The strains
      examined were SJL/J and MRL/MPJ-lpr/pr which develop early resistance to
      tolerance and A/J, C57BL/6J and MRL/MPJ-+/+ which do not. Heart, brain, and liver
      of most of these strains displayed significant relative increases in histone
      H1(0) and coordinate decreases in H1I or H1II with age. In contrast, spleen
      cells, which are highly proliferative, contained little or no histone H1(0). Only
      spleen cells from a mouse strain with a predisposition to lupus erythematosus,
      MRL/MPJ-lpr/lpr, displayed any significant H1 changes.

PMID- 4056325
TI  - Widening of inter-Purkinje cell distances in association with corpora amylacea.
AB  - Inter-Purkinje cell distances were determined in random routine cerebellums
      obtained at autopsies of adults over the age of 50. There was a significant
      increase in the inter-Purkinje cell distances proportionate to the increase in
      adjacent corpora amylacea. The possibility of replacement of Purkinje cells by
      corpora amylacea is discussed.

PMID- 4056326
TI  - Ventilation threshold and aging.
AB  - The ventilation threshold (VeT) in 60 healthy men ages 22 to 65 years was
      determined on a maximal treadmill test. The VeT was identified as the highest VO2
      before the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen began to increase without a
      corresponding increase in the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide. The VO2
      max was significantly lower in the 60 compared with the 20-year-old group (with
      age, r = -.81). The VeT was significantly lower in the oldest compared with the
      youngest group (with age, r = -.69); however, the VeT as a percentage of VO2 max
      was significantly greater in the oldest group, (with age, r = .37). The reserve
      capacity (VO2 max minus VeT) was significantly lower in the older men (with age,
      r = -.75) and was due to a greater reduction in VO2 max than in VeT. With
      multiple regression analysis, the variability in VeT was determined primarily by
      VO2 max (65.8%) and not age. Decrease in strenuous activity with age may account
      for the large reduction in VO2 max, whereas maintained submaximal activity may
      attenuate the reduction in VO2 at the ventilation threshold, thus resulting in a
      large loss in functional reserve above the level of the VeT.

PMID- 4056327
TI  - Relationships among age, sex, the type A behavior pattern, and cardiovascular
      reactivity.
AB  - Most investigations of Type A behavior and cardiovascular responsivity have used
      age-homogeneous, male samples. In this study, heart rate (HR) and blood pressure
      responses were obtained from men and women, age 27 to 70, during mental
      arithmetic and a visual discrimination task called the Matching Familiar Figures
      test (MFF). Both tasks produced HR deceleration in Type A women and acceleration
      in Type B women, responses that decreased with age. Men's responses were not
      related to Type A behavior or age. Systolic pressure decreased in response to the
      MFF. This response became larger with age in Type Bs and smaller in Type As.
      Diastolic pressure also decreased during the MFF. Response amplitude increased
      with age in Type Bs but was unrelated to age in Type As. The results of this
      study indicate that the relationship between cardiovascular responding and Type A
      behavior is complex and may be different for men and women and for persons of
      different ages.

PMID- 4056328
TI  - Effects of age on the P300 component of the event-related potential from auditory
      stimuli: peak definition, variation, and measurement.
AB  - An auditory "oddball" paradigm was used to elicit the P300 component of the event
      related brain potential (ERP) from a large sample of young (5 to 15 years) and
      older (20 to 86 years) persons. Distinct P3a and P3b subcomponents of the P300
      were observed within individuals and across trial blocks. Age affected P300
      latency in a similar fashion for both subcomponents with latency increasing about
      65 msec between 20 and 70 years. P300 latency variability also was found to
      increase somewhat with advanced age. These results confirmed previous age-related
      ERP changes and extended them to the P3a and P3b subcomponents.

PMID- 4056329
TI  - Age-related decline in extrafoveal letter perception.
AB  - Peripheral vision is constricted in elderly adults. Experiment 1 showed that the
      age deficit in letter recognition time increased as the target moved off the
      fovea. Experiment 2 showed a corresponding reduction in angular threshold. Thus,
      the outer elements in a multicharacter display are seen with greater difficulty
      or not at all by the elderly adult. Experiment 3 showed this restricted field
      protected elderly adults from eccentric distractors, as found by Wright and Elias
      (1979). At the same time, elderly adults showed more, not less, interference on
      foils matched on discriminability with younger adults, in keeping with the larger
      literature on age and noise. Similar perceptual limitations may confound other
      array-processing experiments.

PMID- 4056330
TI  - Working-memory capacity, age, and memory for discourse.
AB  - Two experiments explored the issue of whether age-related differences in memory
      for discourse can be explained by age-related differences in working memory
      capacity. Young and older adults were given a series of tasks designed to measure
      working memory capacity and memory for paragraphs. Although age-related
      differences were observed on digit, word, and sentence spans as well as on recall
      (Experiment 1) and recognition (Experiment 2), retention was not predicted well
      by scores on any of the span measures for either young or older adults in either
      experiment. The implications of these findings for hypotheses that age-related
      declines in working memory are responsible for problems in memory for prose are
      considered.

PMID- 4056331
TI  - Relationships among abilities in elderly adults: a time lag analysis.
AB  - Previous research has suggested that relationships among primary abilities said
      to measure crystallized (Gc) and fluid (Gf) intelligences remain the same across
      cohorts if age is held constant, despite generational changes in the levels of
      abilities. The present study assessed differences in relationship among several
      components of Gf/Gc in two independent samples of elderly adults, tested in 1975
      and 1979 by the same investigator. The 1975 sample consisted of 54 elderly adults
      aged 59 to 76 years (M = 67.7); the 1979 sample of 50 elderly adults was aged 55
      to 82 (M = 69.4). Time-lagged differences in relationships among abilities
      measuring Gf and Gc (induction, figural relations, and verbal comprehension) were
      investigated using confirmatory factor analytic procedures. Although a two factor
      (Gf, Gc) model was common to both the 1975 and 1979 samples, significant
      differences in unique variances were observed across samples. Some, albeit
      weaker, evidence was found suggesting time-lagged differences in factor
      covariances. These data, for the most part, support previous research with
      younger individuals, suggesting consistency in factor structure across time and
      cohort.

PMID- 4056332
TI  - Why is poverty after 65 a woman's problem?
AB  - This paper compares the composition of family income for families with aged male
      and female heads to determine why poverty during old age is so heavily
      concentrated among the families of aged women. Data from the March 1968 and 1979
      Current Population Surveys were used. The inferior economic position of women is
      due to deficient market incomes and dependence upon deceased husbands for private
      and public pensions. Policies that encourage work and insure adequate survivor
      benefits will raise the relative economic status of these families.

PMID- 4056333
TI  - The impact of age-concentrated, publicly assisted housing on older people's
      social and emotional well-being.
AB  - Publicly assisted housing sites that were similar in environmental and background
      characteristics of (N = 131) residents but that varied in the proportion of
      within-residence elderly adults were used to ascertain the social and
      psychological influence of low, medium, and high densities of elderly adults in
      different apartment buildings. Using a comprehensive measure of social networks,
      the research documented that residence in age-concentrated housing, especially
      high density senior citizen housing, was associated with larger numbers of
      friends, more active friendships, and slightly better morale but not with
      distinctive qualitative or structural aspects of social networks. Residents of
      more age-dense housing did not place more emphasis on health as a social value as
      suggested by Rose's aged subculture hypothesis nor did they voice greater
      fearfulness of future poor health as a function of the greater salience of ailing
      cohorts as compared with respondents in less age-dense residences.

PMID- 4056334
TI  - Conjugal social support: patterns in later life.
AB  - This investigation of conjugal social support was based on 412 married
      respondents from a national sample of adults 50 years of age or older. A review
      of the literature yielded hypotheses concerning the exchange of three forms of
      support: emotional support, respect, and health-related support. Results showed
      that older respondents were least likely to provide each form of social support.
      These findings were reviewed in light of evidence for increased need for support
      in later life. The perceptual bases of social support were discussed in
      conjunction with the finding that women perceive less social support within
      marriage than men.

PMID- 4056335
TI  - Temperature effects on oxygen affinity of human fetal blood.
AB  - In an effort to understand the effects of temperature changes on fetal
      oxygenation, the temperature effects were measured on oxygen affinity of whole
      blood from term human fetuses. The blood obtained was tonometered at delivery in
      two flasks gassed with 95% N2 (+ 5% CO2 or 20.9% + 5% CO2, and mixed aliquots
      from each flask in different proportions to obtain samples for analysis of PO2
      and percent saturation. The oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve was constructed and
      P50 determined at two or three different temperatures for each batch of blood. As
      temperature increased from 30 to 41 degrees C, human fetal blood bound O2 less
      avidly, the temperature coefficient for changes in P50 being 0.0255 per degree C.
      This temperature effect was similar to that in adult blood, although at any
      temperature O2 affinity of fetal blood was greater than that of the adult.
      Placental oxygen exchange could be significantly affected by changes in
      temperature such as occur during hypo- or hyperthermia, as with maternal
      exercise.

PMID- 4056336
TI  - Lipid chain length alterations during placental transfer in the guinea pig.
AB  - Using an in situ perfusion of the fetal side of the guinea-pig placenta the
      modification of a non-esterified fatty acid during transfer across the placenta
      was investigated. Simultaneous constant infusions of [9,10(3)H] palmitic acid and
      [1-14C] palmitic acid (3 animals) or [9,10(3)H] and [6-14C] palmitic acids (3
      animals) or [9,10(3)H] and universal [14C] palmitic acids (3 animals) were given
      to the mothers and blood samples and perfusion fluid collected over 90 min in
      each experiment. When expressed as a ratio of perfusion fluid/maternal plasma
      radioactive counts, no difference between [3H] isotopes results were found for
      the 3 triplets of experiments. However significant differences were found between
      the [14C] isotope ratios. More radioactive lipid was found in the perfusion fluid
      when the label was positioned away from the C1 terminal of the fatty acid chain,
      i.e. the ratios were [1-14C] less than [6-14C] less than [9,10(3)H] less than
      universal [14C] palmitic acid. It was concluded that this indicates release of
      partially oxidised fatty acid products from the fetal side of the placenta, and
      it was speculated that this partial oxidation takes place in placental
      peroxisomes.

PMID- 4056337
TI  - The relationship of umbilical glucose uptake to uterine blood flow.
AB  - In 30 experiments performed on 5 pregnant sheep, the rate of glucose transfer
      from the placenta to fetus via the umbilical circulation was measured while
      varying uterine blood flow by means of a cuff-type occluder and while maintaining
      a constant maternal glucose concentration by means of a 'glucose clamp'. Over the
      range of uterine blood flows obtained, there was no significant effect on the
      simultaneously measured umbilical blood flow. Fetal glucose uptake and arterial
      glucose concentration remained normal as the uterine blood flow rate decreased
      from 600 to 300 ml per min per kg of fetus. At blood flow rates less than 300
      ml.min-1.kg-1, the fetal glucose uptake decreased and became negative in one
      instance while the arterial glucose concentration became variable and markedly
      increased in 2 animals. This increase in fetal glucose concentration was
      associated with a decrease in the uterine oxygen delivery rate, a decrease in
      fetal oxygen content and a decrease in fetal oxygen uptake. These observations
      support the concept that fetal glucose metabolism is altered by severe hypoxia
      and demonstrate that there is little effect of uterine blood flow on fetal
      glucose uptake in the normal physiological range.

PMID- 4056338
TI  - Transient enhancement of serum somatomedin levels prior to weaning of growth
      impaired vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats.
AB  - Somatomedin serum levels of congenitally vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats
      were determined postnatally between day 1 and 55, and compared with heterozygous
      control values. Assays were performed with a radioimmunoassay of insulin-like
      growth factor 1 (IGF-1). A transient enhancement of immunoreactive IGF-1 levels
      between day 8 and 21 of age and a reduction in adulthood was found. This
      observation shows that the early growth impairments of the Brattleboro mutant are
      not due to a deficiency of IGF-1.

PMID- 4056339
TI  - Natural history of chronic persistent hepatitis B. Relationship between hepatitis
      B virus replication and the course of the disease.
AB  - The status of viral replication at diagnosis and its relationship to the changes
      occurring during the natural history of the disease have been investigated in 26
      patients with chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) type B. Liver HBcAg and serum
      HBeAg were found in 73% of patients. During follow-up, serum transaminases
      normalized in 13/17 HBeAg-positive patients 1-6 years after diagnosis and 11 of
      them developed anti-HBe. HBe seroconversion was closely preceded by a transient
      elevation of transaminases in 5 patients in whom a repeated liver biopsy showed
      prominent lobular hepatitis and marked reduction of liver HBcAg. Such changes
      resulted in long-lasting biochemical normalization but only 1 patient became
      HBsAg-negative. These observations indicate that prolonged viral replication
      occurs in type B CPH. Termination of replication frequently implies a transient
      worsening caused by lysis of HBcAg-containing hepatocytes which leads to
      inactivation of the disease and to development of a healthy HBsAg carrier state.

PMID- 4056340
TI  - Blood analysis for liver cirrhosis.
AB  - Liver fibrosis is one of the most important factors of disturbed liver function,
      but could not be measured by simple blood tests until recently. Among several
      parameters used for this purpose, the aminoterminal procollagen type III peptide
      (PIIIP) appears to be the most widely accepted. Studies conducted in several
      clinical groups have shown that PIIIP effectively distinguishes between non
      fibrotic and fibrotic liver disease. A reliable commercial kit is available and a
      wide application possible to evaluate the clinical meaning of serum PIIIP for the
      long-term outcome of chronic liver disease. With this novel blood test we can now
      assess liver fibrosis as we can measure the hepato-biliary function.

PMID- 4056341
TI  - The portacaval and splenocaval shunt in the normal rat. A morphometric and
      functional reevaluation.
AB  - Consequences of a portacaval and a distal splenocaval shunt on the liver were
      examined in normal male rats with measurements of the fractional clearance of
      ICG, of aminopyrine demethylation and of the hepatic ultrastructure with
      morphometric techniques. Twenty days after a portacaval shunt liver weight/100 g
      body weight was 30% smaller than in sham-operated controls. The most pronounced
      reduction of 50% occurred with surface area of the RER, whereas hepatocyte
      volumes, SER-surface area, mitochondria and peroxisomes were reduced between 30
      and 40% hepatogenic lysosomes and non-hepatocytes/100 g b.wt. remained unchanged.
      The loss of liver mass is therefore compatible with the hypothesis, that it is
      the consequence of a decrease in synthetic and an increase in catabolic
      processes. The rate of elimination of ICG from plasma was proportional to the
      liver weight (r = 0,79, n = 20) and 14C-exhalation derived from [14C]aminopyrine
      was correlated with the surface of the SER (r = 0.72, n = 20), confirming that
      the morphometrically observed changes are functionally relevant. The lack of
      morphological and functional sequelae following distal splenocaval shunt suggests
      that blood drained by the splenic vein is not essential for the integrity of the
      liver in rats.

PMID- 4056342
TI  - Phagocytic function in the isolated perfused rat liver. An experimental model.
AB  - An experimental model for measuring the phagocytic function of the isolated
      perfused rat liver is described. A progressive rise in phagocytosis was observed
      with increasing liver blood flow. This is due to an increase in total particle
      uptake by the liver with no alteration in the rate constant for phagocytosis
      except at the highest flow rate. Phagocytosis is substantially greater in the
      livers of 100-day-old rats than in 21-day-old rats, but the number of particles
      ingested per unit weight by the older rats is significantly less. Liver
      phagocytosis is shown to be both temperature- and oxygen-dependent, but
      independent of nutritional status and animal gender. This model may be useful for
      assessing the effects of drugs and toxins on hepatic phagocytosis.

PMID- 4056343
TI  - Primary sclerosing cholangitis.

PMID- 4056344
TI  - Delta hepatitis--present status.
AB  - The hepatitis delta virus (Delta) is a defective RNA pathogen dependent for
      replication on obligatory helper functions provided by the hepatitis B virus
      (HBV). The virion is a particle of 35-37 nm, which encloses within a HBsAg coat
      the RNA genome and the Delta antigen, the specific immunologic expression of the
      new pathogen. Infection is diagnosed by the presence of Delta antigen in liver
      and the finding of antibody to Delta in serum. The virus is infectious for
      primates but can also adapt to non-primates. Distribution is world-wide with peak
      prevalence in the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East and areas of Africa.
      Transmission occurs by direct parenteral inoculation and by non-parenteral routes
      linked to close body contacts. Delta is highly pathogenic and a cause or an
      aggravating factor of HBsAg-positive liver disease. Infection superimposed on
      acute HBV hepatitis may induce a fulminant illness. Superinfection of carriers of
      HBsAg may convert a previously asymptomatic carrier in a carrier with chronic
      hepatitis, or accelerate the downward clinical course of chronic underlying HBV
      disease. Carriers of HBsAg probably represent the reservoir of the virus.

PMID- 4056345
TI  - Hepatitis B virus multiplication in the absence of usual serological markers. A
      study of 146 chronic alcoholics.
AB  - The possible role of HBV infection in the progression of alcoholic liver disease
      remains debated. However, serum HBV markers in alcoholics, although present with
      a high frequency, mainly consist of anti-HBs and/or anti-HBc antibodies. In order
      to detect an HBV multiplication that could be missed by the usual markers, we
      looked for HBV-DNA in the serum of 146 chronic alcoholics; the results were
      compared with those of the usual serological HBV markers. Sixty-eight of the 146
      patients could be studied for HBV-DNA both in the liver and the serum. The 146
      alcoholics were divided in 48 with normal liver function (group I); 67 with non
      cirrhotic alcoholic liver disease (group II); 31 with alcoholic cirrhosis (group
      III). Among the 146 patients, 17 had a viral multiplication reflected by serum
      positive HBV-DNA, as against none of 100 healthy controls (P less than 0.01). Six
      of the 17 had a normal liver function (6/48 = 12.5%), 7 were of group II (7/67 =
      10.4%) and 4 had cirrhosis (4/31 = 12.9%). Serum HBV-DNA was associated with
      HBsAg in 3 occasions; in addition serum HBV-DNA was also present in 5 HBsAg
      negative patients with anti-HBc and/or anti-HBs and even in 9 without any usual
      HBV marker. The overall prevalence of HBV markers in the 146 patients went from
      30.8% to 37.0% when serum HBV-DNA was taken into account; it was similar in the 3
      groups studied. Eight patients, of the 68 studied, were liver HBV-DNA
      positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4056346
TI  - Reduction of the increased portal vascular resistance of the isolated perfused
      cirrhotic rat liver by vasodilators.
AB  - This study was undertaken to compare the in vitro responses of the portal
      vascular bed of normal and cirrhotic rat livers to a variety of vasodilator
      agents. Using carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis in the rat as a model,
      isolated liver preparations were perfused via the portal vein with a synthetic
      medium (2.5% bovine serum albumin in Krebs-Henseleit buffer) to eliminate
      extrahepatic neural and humoral influences. Under these experimental conditions
      the mean perfusion resistance of the cirrhotic livers was approximately 117%
      higher than in controls (P less than 0.001). The vascular tone of the normal
      liver was minimal as assessed by the response to a variety of vasodilator agents,
      including sodium nitroprusside (3.0 X 10(-3) M), magnesium sulphate (6.0 X 10(-2)
      M), papaverine hydrochloride (6.4 X 10(-4) M), and cytochalasin B (6.3 X 10(-5)
      M). In contrast, these agents reduced the perfusion resistance of the cirrhotic
      livers by approximately 15%. Prostaglandin E1 (3.0 X 10(-6) M) and isoprenaline
      hydrochloride (2.4 X 10(-6) M) produced a lesser fall in resistance which
      nevertheless was greater in cirrhotic livers than controls. Cirrhotic livers,
      unlike the controls, were found to contain large numbers of myofibroblasts in
      perivenous and perisinusoidal locations. Previous studies have shown that
      myofibroblasts are capable of sustaining a high level of intrinsic tone and relax
      in response to vasodilator agents. It is concluded that part of the increased
      resistance to flow through the portal vascular bed of the cirrhotic rat liver in
      vitro is due to an increase in intrinsic vascular tone, possibly mediated via
      myofibroblasts, and can be reversed by pharmacological agents.

PMID- 4056347
TI  - Acute effect of propranolol on splanchnic circulation in normal and portal
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - Propranolol decreases portal venous pressure in patients with cirrhosis but no
      method is available in man to study the effect of this beta-blocker on splanchnic
      organ blood flow. Because in rats, the microsphere method allows evaluation of
      regional blood flow, the acute effect of propranolol on both splanchnic and
      systemic circulations was studied in normal rats and in rats with portal
      hypertension due to portal vein stenosis. Portal venous pressure significantly
      decreased during propranolol administration in normal (5.6 +/- 1.0-4.7 +/- 1.1 mm
      Hg; mean +/- SD) as well as in portal hypertensive rats (11.7 +/- 2.3-10.3 +/-
      1.8 mm Hg). Propranolol slightly decreased cardiac output and arterial pressure
      in all rats. Portal tributary blood flow was significantly reduced by propranolol
      in normal rats (17.4 +/- 3.0-11.3 +/- 2.2 ml/min) and in portal hypertensive rats
      (23.7 +/- 5.0-16.6 +/- 3.3 ml/min). Accordingly vascular resistance of the
      different organs in the portal venous territory increased in these rats receiving
      propranolol. The percentage of the decrease in portal tributary blood flow was
      significantly more marked than the percentage of reduction in cardiac output in
      portal hypertensive rats but, in normal rats, these percentages were parallel.
      Hepatic arterial blood flow did not change or slightly increased and,
      consequently, hepatic arterial vascular resistance decreased. These findings
      further clarify the marked effects of propranolol on splanchnic circulation.

PMID- 4056348
TI  - Cimetidine-induced liver injury. Report of three cases.
AB  - Cimetidine-induced liver injury has only very rarely been reported. Three
      patients are described who developed signs of hepatic damage after the
      institution of cimetidine therapy. Transient signs of acute liver failure were
      noticed in one patient. Histologically, a cytotoxic type of injury with
      centrilobular confluent and bridging portal-central necrosis, accompanied by a
      mixed mono- and polymorphonuclear infiltrate with signs of cholangiolitis in the
      portal tracts was observed in two patients, whereas a hepatocanalicular type of
      cholestatic hepatitis was noticed in another patient. It is proposed that the
      mechanism of cimetidine-induced liver injury may vary in different patients: it
      may be due either to a 'metabolic idiosyncrasy' because of the production of
      hitherto unknown toxic metabolites or to a hypersensitivity reaction.

PMID- 4056349
TI  - High oral doses of mebendazole interfere with growth of larval Echinococcus
      multilocularis lesions.
AB  - The natural development of the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis in man
      has been studied in 7 patients after presumed radical operation 2 8/12-11 2/12
      years prior to detection of a relapse. The volumes of the recurring lesions were
      assessed by CT-scanning, and assuming linear growth a median increase of 14.8
      ml/year (range 3.8-220 ml/year) was calculated. In 6 patients treated for a
      median duration of 4 5/12 years with high oral doses of mebendazole a median
      growth rate of -3.0 ml/year (range-470- + 10.2 ml/year) was found, which differed
      significantly from the natural growth rate (P less than 0.01). Although the
      patients improved clinically, there was evidence of persistent infection. These
      data are the first controlled evidence that high oral doses of mebendazole may be
      parasitostatic in alveolar echinococcosis in man. Although not curative, this
      pharmacological effect appears to be clinically beneficial.

PMID- 4056350
TI  - Portal hemodynamics in chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy. Angiographic study
      in seven cases.
AB  - A portal hemodynamic study was made in 7 consecutive patients with chronic portal
      systemic encephalopathy by percutaneous transhepatic catheterization of the
      portal vein and injecting contrast medium into the superior mesenteric vein or by
      superior mesenteric arterial portography in comparison with patients without
      encephalopathy studied by percutaneous catheterization of these veins. All 7
      patients had a large gastro-renal or spleno-renal shunt, and a large proportion
      of superior mesenteric venous blood was being shunted as estimated from the
      diameter of the portal and the collateral vein, whereas in nonencephalopathic
      patients in whom part of the superior mesenteric venous blood was shunting this
      diversion was much less (P less than 0.001). Only one of the chronic portal
      systemic encephalopathic patients had esophageal varices, insignificant in size,
      and the incidence of esophageal varices was significantly less compared to the 12
      nonencephalopathic control patients with portal hypertension who had either a
      gastro-renal or spleno-renal shunt (P less than 0.05). It is suggested that
      chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy is a result of a large collateral route
      shunting a large proportion of the superior mesenteric venous blood into systemic
      circulation, and that development of such collaterals precludes formation of
      large esophageal varices.

PMID- 4056351
TI  - A dimethylnitrosamine-induced model of cirrhosis and portal hypertension in the
      rat.
AB  - A method of producing cirrhosis consistently in rats by the administration of
      dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA) is described. Two weeks following the cessation of
      DMNA treatment there was distortion of the lobular architecture of the liver and
      some focal nodule formation. This 'pre-cirrhotic' state was accompanied by portal
      hypertension, biochemical abnormalities and the development of ascites. The
      mortality 2 weeks after cessation of DMNA was 42%. Twenty-four weeks after DMNA
      treatment cirrhosis had developed with diffuse nodularity and fibrosis, marked
      portal hypertension, and accumulation of ascites. There was also a deterioration
      in liver function, with hypoproteinaemia and jaundice. The overall mortality 24
      weeks after the cessation of DMNA treatment had risen to 52%. This model of
      cirrhosis in the rat may be useful in evaluating the efficacy of drugs in the
      long-term management of portal hypertension in man.

PMID- 4056352
TI  - Investigation of intestine and liver function in cirrhosis using combined sugar
      oral loads.
AB  - Active and passive intestinal absorption and the efficiency of hepatic galactose
      clearance were studied in 12 patients with liver cirrhosis and 8 healthy control
      subjects using differential absorption techniques in which paired sugar markers
      were ingested simultaneously. Such differential absorption procedures overcome
      the effects of variation in gastric emptying, intestinal transit, distribution
      space and renal clearance which could invalidate tests incorporating a single
      marker only. In the cirrhotic group, active absorption of D-xylose (D-xyl)
      compared with that of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (3-OMG), indicated by the ratio of D
      xyl/3-OMG concentration in plasma, showed no reduction in respect to the control
      group. The passive intestinal permeability to lactulose (lac) compared with that
      of L-rhamnose (rham), indicated by urinary lac/rham excretion ratio, was not
      raised. These findings indicate no dysfunction of small intestinal mucosa in
      cirrhotic patients in spite of the clinical evidence of portal hypertension.
      Urinary galactose (gal) excretion after oral load was 10 times higher in the
      cirrhotic group (P less than 0.001). The gal/3-OMG excretion ratio correlated
      well with galactose elimination capacity as assessed by an intravenous method.
      Estimation of plasma D-xyl/3-OMG concentration and both urinary lac/rham and
      gal/3-OMG excretion ratios after appropriate oral loads provided a convenient and
      simultaneous evaluation of intestinal absorption, permeability and hepatic
      galactose elimination.

PMID- 4056353
TI  - Mechanisms of liver adaptation to prolonged selective biliary obstruction (SBO)
      in the rat.
AB  - To determine changes which occur in selective biliary obstruction (SBO), we
      studied male adult Fischer rats after one month of either SBO or selective
      biliary cannulation (SBC) of the median lobe duct (MLD). In rats with SBC the ML
      was obstructed with a sealed PE-10 catheter placed in the MLD. One month later at
      laparotomy the ML was either drained or not drained for 30 min before the
      injection of 200 microCi [99Tc]DIDA (2,6-diethylacetoanilido-imino-diacetic
      acid). Bile was collected and biopsies of the obstructed ML and non-obstructed
      right lobe (RL) were taken at 1, 3, 10 and 30 min. Serum bile acid concentrations
      were higher in SBC not drained rats than in control as were hepatic bile acid
      concentrations. The latter, however, did not achieve statistical significance. In
      SBC-drained rats biliary bile acid secretion from the obstructed lobe was lower
      than that from the non-obstructed lobe for 30 min after the release of
      obstruction but was thereafter the same. Hepatic DIDA levels in both the
      obstructed and non-obstructed portions of liver from SBO animals were higher than
      in liver from controls, despite normal DIDA biliary excretion. This is in part
      explained by increased cytosolic binding of DIDA. In rats with SBO the MLD was
      simply ligated and transected. After one month uptake kinetics of
      [14C]taurocholate in freshly isolated hepatocytes from obstructed and non
      obstructed lobes were similar suggesting that no major impairment of BA uptake
      occurs. We conclude that cholestasis is still present after 30 days of SBO in
      spite of the presence of interlobular biliary connections. The observed increased
      hepatic storage capacity for DIDA is probably an adaptive mechanism in mild
      chronic cholestasis.

PMID- 4056354
TI  - Comparison of nicotinic acid- and caloric restriction-induced hyperbilirubinaemia
      in the diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome.
AB  - The diagnostic value of the nicotinic acid (NA)-induced hyperbilirubinaemia was
      compared with that resulting from caloric restriction in 40 patients with
      Gilbert's syndrome (GS) and 20 controls. Both tests resulted in a significant
      higher level of serum bilirubin in GS than in controls (P less than 0.001). When
      the serum bilirubin level 240 min after NA administration (5.9 mumol/kg i.v.) was
      higher than 18 mumoles/l, this test had a specificity and sensitivity of 100%,
      both in males and females with the syndrome. The discriminatory value of the test
      was lower when either the area under the time concentration curve or the maximal
      increment of serum unconjugated bilirubin were used. Reduction in caloric intake
      (400 calories/day) showed a lower specificity and sensitivity than the NA test,
      particularly in females. An increment of bilirubin at 24 h greater than 15
      mumoles/l was more diagnostic than an increase by 100% or more over the pre-diet
      value. The efficacy was not improved by prolonging the test for additional 24 h.
      From these data we conclude that NA-induced hyperbilirubinaemia and, in
      particular the concentration of the pigment 240 min after drug administration, is
      more efficient than fasting-induced hyperbilirubinaemia in the diagnosis of the
      Gilbert's syndrome both in males and in females.

PMID- 4056355
TI  - Intrahepatic bile ducts under the lens.

PMID- 4056356
TI  - Management of paucity of interlobular bile ducts.
AB  - Two types of paucity of interlobular bile ducts (PIBD) may be observed in
      children with chronic cholestasis. The syndromatic type (80 cases) is the most
      frequent. The non-syndromatic type (32 cases) is the most severe and half of the
      patients in this group died from liver failure in the first years of life. The
      main therapeutic point is that patients with PIBD should not be operated on. The
      only treatment available is symptomatic medical treatment: the main helpful
      possibilities concern feeding of medium-chain triglycerides, large
      supplementation of liposoluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) given intramuscularly,
      phenobarbital and cholestyramine when there is severe pruritus. The place of the
      liver transplantation will be clarified in the near future.

PMID- 4056357
TI  - Biliary adenocarcinoma. Characterisation of three new human tumor cell lines.
AB  - Three human cell lines from adenocarcinomas of the extrahepatic biliary tract
      were established in permanent tissue culture. Mz-ChA-1 and Mz-ChA-2 were cultured
      from mechanically dissociated gallbladder adenocarcinoma metastases and SK-ChA-1
      was grown from malignant ascites of a patient with primary adenocarcinoma of the
      extrahepatic biliary tree. Cell doubling times in tissue culture are 3-4 days for
      Mz-ChA-1 and approximately 2 days for Mz-ChA-2 and SK-ChA-1. All three tumour
      cell lines were successfully transplanted to nude mice, inducing progressive
      tumour growth. Histologically, nude mouse tumours resembled the original
      adenocarcinomas. In vitro formation of gland-like structures were regularly seen
      in Mz-ChA-1 and Mz-ChA-2 but only occasionally in SK-ChA-1. All three cell lines
      formed contacts through interdigitating processes with desmosomes and junctional
      complexes. On scanning electron microscopy, an abundance of microvilli was seen
      at the cell surfaces. Chromosome analyses of all three tumour cell lines showed a
      wide range of numerical abnormalities and presence of marker chromosomes. Mz-ChA
      1 appears to be highly differentiated with cells producing mucus. Mz-ChA-2
      synthesizes components of complement C2, C3 and C5, while Mz-ChA-1 and SK-ChA-1
      produce only C3 in detectable quantities. In addition, Mz-ChA-2 supernatants are
      positive for ferritin and alpha 1-fetoprotein, but not CEA; while Mz-ChA-1 and SK
      ChA-1 produce only CEA. Supernatants of all three cell lines are positive for N
      acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA), phosphohexoisomerase (PHI) and LDH, and negative
      for alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-anti-trypsin, gamma-GT, AP, coeruloplasmin,
      haptoglobin and albumin. A high cloning efficiency renders these new tumour cell
      lines suitable for continued studies on clonal heterogeneity in malignant
      tumours. The establishment of these cell lines in tissue culture facilitates
      further studies on the biology of upper gastrointestinal tract cancer in man.

PMID- 4056358
TI  - Fasting serum bile acid level in cirrhosis. A semi-quantitative index of hepatic
      function.
AB  - We examined the roles of the factors which influence bile acid levels in order to
      define to what extent fasting serum total bile acid (FSTBA) level might reflect
      hepatic function and/or anatomy of the portal circulation in patients with
      cirrhosis. In a first group of 13 patients having mild to moderately advanced
      cirrhosis we determined the apparent oral clearance (CLo) of chenodeoxycholic
      acid (764 mumol) and their FSTBA levels. In a second group of 15 similar patients
      we measured FSTBA levels and by hepatic vein catheterization the intrinsic
      clearance (CLi) of ICG as well as total hepatic blood flow (Q). We found a
      significant inverse log-log relationship (r = 0.752, P less than 0.01) between
      the FSTBA and the CLo on the one hand and significant inverse log-log
      relationship (r = 0.707, P less than 0.01) between the FSTBA and CLi on the other
      hand. Q was not found to bear any significant relation to FSTBA (r = 0.120, P
      greater than 0.1). To conclude, in view of the observed relationship between CLi
      and CLo vs FSTBA, the latter might serve as a simple non-invasive
      semiquantitative index of hepatic function and/or anatomy of portal circulation
      in cirrhosis.

PMID- 4056359
TI  - Portaprival collaterals following distal splenorenal shunt. Incidence, magnitude
      and associated portal perfusion changes.
AB  - Collateral venous pathways develop between the high pressure portal vein and low
      pressure splenic vein following distal splenorenal shunt. This review of
      angiography in 50 patients with cirrhosis prior to and 1 year after DSRS shows
      that 98% developed collaterals: 72% transpancreatic, 48% transgastric, and 46%
      colonic. Multiple pathways developed in 64% of patients. Grading of the size of
      these collaterals showed that in 74% these exceeded the size of the portal and/or
      superior mesenteric vein. The effect of these collaterals on portal perfusion
      showed that 32% lost perfusion at 1 year, but significantly (P less than 0.05)
      more alcoholics (48%) lost perfusion than nonalcoholics (16%). The size, site and
      number of collaterals was not different between etiologies. Late follow-up in a
      subset of 32 of the patients showed no change in the site, and minimal increase
      in size of the collaterals at 3-11 years, with no further loss of portal
      perfusion. We conclude that virtually all patients develop collaterals after
      DSRS, these are along predictable pathways and are of significant size in the
      majority. However, development of collaterals per se does not equate to loss of
      portal venous flow, and a stable pattern is set in the first year after shunt.
      Characterization of these pathways will permit new approaches to minimizing their
      development.

PMID- 4056360
TI  - Suramin inhibits duck hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase activity.
AB  - Suramin, a polybasic anion, blocks the activity of the DNA polymerase encoded by
      the duck hepatitis B virus. The interaction with the virus was studied under
      conditions in which the property of the drug to bind with proteins was used with
      plasma obtained from infected ducks with viraemia. Inhibition of DNA polymerase
      activity associated with core particles from infected liver and circulating
      virions is irreversible, occurs in a dose-response fashion and suggests that
      inhibition results from suramin-virus interaction. The inhibition of the specific
      viral polymerase activity clearly indicates that this drug should be evaluated
      for the treatment of hepatitis B and infection caused by the related Hepadna
      viruses.

PMID- 4056361
TI  - Studies of HBV replication during acute hepatitis followed by recovery and acute
      hepatitis progressing to chronic disease.
AB  - The serologic and viral profiles of 24 patients who presented with acute
      hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were studied. Although in rare cases, HBV-DNA
      was detectable before hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and e antigen (HBeAg),
      in the majority the viral proteins appeared first. In acute hepatitis followed by
      recovery, as IgM anti-HBc (hepatitis B core antigen) titres rose, the level of
      HBV replication fell and serum transaminases became elevated. In patients
      progressing to chronic HBV infection, IgM anti-HBc titres rose early, viral
      replication was initially low but continued to rise as the serum transaminase
      levels became elevated. 7S IgM anti-HBc, although present in the phase of
      established chronic HBV infection, was not found in the early phase of the
      chronic infection. Thus this antibody appears to be a consequence of, rather than
      a causative factor in, chronic HBV infection.

PMID- 4056362
TI  - Frequency of polymorphisms for alleles encoding for liver proteins of
      domesticated mice.
AB  - Three different inbred strains of mice have been crossed with a lethal albino
      line (cch/c3H) and the liver polypeptides of the parents and offspring examined
      by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for evidences of protein
      polymorphisms, different alleles of which have gone to fixation in different
      strains. In the battery of polypeptides considered most favorable for scoring,
      3.3 +/- 1.6 percent of the battery exhibited paired variants and 1.6 +/- 1.2
      percent, unpaired. An adjustment for the fact the same allele of a biallelic
      polymorphism may go to fixation in two inbred lines of common ancestry leads to
      the suggestion that in the stock from which these inbred lines were ultimately
      derived, there were some 11.0 percent paired and 5.3 percent unpaired
      polymorphisms in the average mouse. This is about half the frequency of
      polymorphisms observed in wild European Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus
      domesticus with one-dimensional electrophoresis of blood plasma and erythrocyte
      proteins. Three explanations were considered for the lower estimated frequency
      for liver protein polymorphisms: the difference is real, the apparent difference
      is due to the lower resolving power of two-dimensional gels, or the mouse strains
      from which the present inbred lines were drawn had already, lost through
      inbreeding, a considerable amount of their genetic variation before the
      inbreeding leading to the present strains commenced.

PMID- 4056363
TI  - Diphtheria toxin sensitivity in a monochromosomal hybrid containing human
      chromosome 5.
AB  - Among the mouse-human hybrids prepared in our laboratory one clone was found to
      contain only human chromosome 5 with an integrated selectable marker. This
      monochromosomal hybrid was used to investigate different aspects related to the
      toxicity of diphtheria toxin (DT). The hybrid was as sensitive to diphtheria
      toxin as the human donor cells. The protective effect of NH4Cl against diphtheria
      toxin could be demonstrated in the hybrid and also in the mouse and human cell
      lines. The reversal of the protective NH4Cl effect at acid pH also could be
      demonstrated in all three cell types. Incubation of cells with 125I-diphtheria
      toxin at 37 degrees C in the presence of methylamine showed a time-dependent
      increase in specific association in the human and the hybrid but not in the mouse
      cell line. The results obtained for the first time on a stable monochromosomal
      hybrid suggest that chromosome 5 is both necessary and sufficient for the
      expression of DT sensitivity.

PMID- 4056364
TI  - Meiotic nondisjunction and translocation segregation in dwarf (dw/dw) and control
      T(1;13)70H heterozygous mice.
AB  - The meiotic behavior of translocation heterozygous T70 (1;13)H/+ male mice with a
      Snell dwarf (dw/dw) genotype was compared with that of nondwarf T70H/+ controls.
      A four-fold increase in the nondisjunction frequency of the normal bivalents
      occurred as a consequence of the dwarf genotype. This increase is identical to
      that seen in karyologically normal dwarf males. No effect of the dwarf condition
      on the segregation of the translocation multivalent could be noted. Thus,
      translocation heterozygosity does not enhance the meiotic instability caused by
      the hypopituitary dwarf condition. From a small sample of oocytes from T70H/+ and
      chromosomally normal dwarf females it is concluded that nondisjunction in females
      is not increased by the dwarf condition. In general we conclude that animals with
      higher spontaneous nondisjunction levels are not necessarily more sensitive to
      factors increasing nondisjunction.

PMID- 4056365
TI  - Gene-centromere mapping in Xenopus laevis.
AB  - Gynogenesis was used to map eight loci to their centromeres in Xenopus laevis.
      Several loci remote from their centromeres were identified. This information may
      be useful in distinguishing gynogenetic diploid progeny produced by suppression
      of second polar bodies from gynogenetic diploid progeny homozygous at all loci
      produced by suppression of first cleavage of gynogenetic haploids.

PMID- 4056367
TI  - Cytological evidence of transient sex chromatin decondensation during
      compensatory hypertrophy in rat livers.
AB  - The left lateral lobes were surgically removed from livers of female rats. The
      number of cells containing sex chromatin bodies was counted in the surgically
      removed lobes and compared with counts from the remaining lobes removed at
      various intervals after the operation. The proportion of cells showing positive
      sex chromatin was found to decrease to nearly one-half the initial preoperative
      value by four days after partial hepatectomy. Sex chromatin frequency returned to
      near preoperative levels by 21 days. A 3H-thymidine autoradiography showed that
      the number of cells in the S-phase was less than 5 percent at the postoperative
      time when sex chromatin frequency was lowest, thus ruling out the possibility
      that the decreased numbers of sex chromatin positive cells was related to genome
      replication. These data show that condensation of the late-replicating, and,
      presumably, inactive X-chromosome is not permanent, a fact that may relate to X
      inactivation observed in embryogenesis.

PMID- 4056366
TI  - Population genetics of Biomphalaria straminea in Hong Kong. A neotropical
      schistosome-transmitting snail recently introduced into China.
AB  - Since its introduction in the early 1970s Biomphalaria straminea (Gastropoda:
      Planorbidae) has spread rapidly and is locally the most abundant fresh water
      snail in Hong Kong. Studies of 19 electrophoretically detected loci in four
      populations show that the colonists retain high levels of variability (P = 0.26,
      H = 0.056 - 0.097), comparable with those found in autochthonous samples of
      related species. Genotype frequencies at the five polymorphic loci, and a
      comparison of maternal and progeny genotypes of individual field-collected
      snails, revealed no evidence for self-fertilization in these functional
      hermaphrodites. F statistics indicated minimal genetic structuring, presumably
      because of outcrossing and recency of origin of the populations. Geographic
      distribution of various alleles and their frequencies suggest that two southern
      populations were derived from the original colonists by dispersal but that a
      northern population represents a second introduction in about 1982. This
      interpretation (based on genetics) is consistent with the known history of the
      various populations. The Asian populations of this South American snail are
      interpreted as being in the "flush" phase of the colonization process. Finally,
      the probability of the secondary spread of this snail from Hong Kong, and the
      probability of its parasite, the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni, being
      introduced to Asia are discussed.

PMID- 4056368
TI  - Blood typing South American camelids.
AB  - Preliminary blood typing tests were made on New World camelids, guanacos, llamas,
      and two hybrids. Erythrocyte samples were tested against a battery of cattle
      blood typing reagents. Three different reagents were prepared from rabbit anti
      erythrocyte sera. Transferrin variation and lectin polymorphism also were
      observed. No naturally occurring isoantibodies were found. Blood typing tests of
      New World camelids were shown to be feasible for studies of taxonomic
      relationships.

PMID- 4056369
TI  - Inherited nuclear cataracts in the Morgan horse.
AB  - Congenital cataracts affecting the fetal and embryonal lens nucleus were found in
      12 Morgan horses. Ten of the 12 affected animals were sired by the same stallion
      and the condition also affected his female half sibling. Although females were
      almost three times more likely to be affected than males (9 vs 3), the difference
      was not significant. The ratio of 11 normal to 10 affected offspring by the
      affected stallion is compatible with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance.

PMID- 4056370
TI  - Cell synchronization and dynamic G-banding of equine chromosomes by
      bromodeoxyuridine.
AB  - Both dynamic G-banding and cell synchronization produced by bromodeoxyuridine
      (BrdU), were applied to equine chromosomes. BrdU incorporated during the first
      half of the S-phase is taken up into the R-bands that are early replicating.
      These bands, which have incorporated BrdU, cannot contract as usual and remain
      elongated; only the other regions of the chromosome, i.e., the G-bands, contract
      normally and are sharply defined. BrdU also can be used for cell synchronization.
      The addition of BrdU in a high concentration, 15 hours before harvest, and its
      removal 11 hours later, has two effects: initially the BrdU is incorporated
      during the first part of the S-phase and then it blocks the cells at mid-S-phase.
      Within the cell cycle, mid-S-phase appears to be the most vulnerable time to
      various blocking agents. To differentiate the regions of BrdU incorporation from
      those that have not been substituted, the fluorescence-photolysis-Giemsa (FPG)
      technique was applied as modified for horse chromosomes. This dynamic technique,
      which produces many prometaphase and prophase chromosomes showing very sharp G
      bands, is certain to enhance the accuracy of cytogenetic analysis and aid in the
      standardization of equine chromosomes.

PMID- 4056371
TI  - High resolution R-bands produced in equine chromosomes after incorporation of
      bromodeoxyuridine.
AB  - Cell synchronization was used to obtain an adequate percentage of very long
      chromosomes in equine mitotic spreads. Reported here is our variation, adapted to
      horse chromosomes, of a method using excess thymidine followed by
      bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. This technique routinely yields excellent
      quality cells, predominantly in prometaphase and prophase. Among other
      differences with the standard technique, this method does not use Colcemid,
      which, in addition to inhibiting spindle fiber formation, also increases
      chromosome contraction resulting in thicker and thus fewer bands. Consequently,
      horse prometaphase chromosomes, which have incorporated BrdU in the late-S-phase,
      are very long and display a large number of R-bands after the fluorescence
      photolysis-Giemsa method. This technique should definitely be useful for the
      analysis of structural anomalies and the standardization of equine R-bands.

PMID- 4056372
TI  - Male mule foal qualifies as the offspring of a female mule and jack donkey.
AB  - Whereas mules are normally considered sterile, reports of fertile female mules
      persist. However, none subjected to cytogenetical and blood typing analyses could
      be confirmed as having indeed been mules that transmitted maternal markers to
      their alleged offspring. Reported here is the case of a cytogenetically verified
      female mule whose alleged male foal qualifies as offspring by a male donkey. The
      male foal is karyotypically a mule.

PMID- 4056373
TI  - Genetic analysis of the pinna of the human ear: sex differences in college age
      adults.
AB  - Photographs of the left ears of 113 male and 197 female students of the
      University of Northern Colorado were taken using a 35mm camera with 50mm lens,
      small electronic flash, +4 close-up lens, and ASA 100 color film. Camera and
      flash attachment were mounted on a light metal frame positioning the camera 90
      degrees to the head and a specific distance from the ear. Metric scale and
      counter were mounted so they were visible in the photograph. Eight vertical
      measures and eight horizontal measures were made, and 15 subjective-objective
      data taken. Means, variances, and interrelationships were determined. Mean height
      for males was approximately five inches greater than for females. Vertical
      measures were standardized by expressing ear/body height as a ratio. Three
      vertical measures--width of the superior helix, distance from superior helix to
      the edge of antihelix, and distance from antihelix to tip of the lobule--and
      three horizontal measures--width of the pinna, width of the posterior helix, and
      width of the notch--appear to be under specific genetic regulation in the two
      sexes.

PMID- 4056374
TI  - Heritable syndrome of skeletal defects in a family of Australian shepherd dogs.
AB  - A syndrome of multiple defects including cleft palate, polydactyly, and often
      syndactyly, shortened tibia-fibula, brachygnathism and scoliosis lethal to males
      is described in a family of Australian shepherd dogs. Female pups lack the cleft
      palate and survive, but may exhibit the other defects to a lesser degree than do
      males. Litter data suggest that the trait is inherited as an X-linked lethal
      gene, but the possibility of a sex-influenced autosomal allele cannot be ruled
      out. The syndrome may have arisen in conjunction with instability of the merle
      locus.

PMID- 4056375
TI  - Logistic growth curve of chickens: a comparison of techniques to estimate
      parameters.
AB  - Parameters of a mathematical function of growth, fit to the body weight curve of
      two randombred control populations of each sex of chickens from hatching through
      45 weeks of age, were estimated. The logistic function was chosen from among
      growth formulae that express rate of gain as a function of weight at a given time
      and gain to be made. Two logistic parameters, growth-rate constant and age at the
      point of inflection, were estimated by the methods of sample quantiles and
      nonlinear regression from weekly mean body weights of 225 males and 281 females
      of the Rhode Island Red (RIR) line, and 164 males and 239 females of the White
      Leghorn (WL) line. Males had a larger growth-rate constant than females of the
      same line. The RIR line had a larger rate constant than the WL line, for each
      sex. Age at the point of inflection was similar for males and females in the RIR
      line, but smaller for males than females in the WL line. Sample quantiles yielded
      larger, less precise estimates of the growth-rate constant than nonlinear
      regression. Estimates of age at the point of inflection were usually smaller
      using sample quantiles.

PMID- 4056376
TI  - Maternal mortality in Indiana: a report of maternal deaths in 1983.

PMID- 4056377
TI  - Pediatric epiglottitis: a review of 34 patients.

PMID- 4056378
TI  - Purified digoxin specific Fab fragments. Their use in preventing serious
      complications of digoxin toxicity.

PMID- 4056379
TI  - Enamel protein biosynthesis and secretion in mouse incisor secretory ameloblasts
      as revealed by high-resolution immunocytochemistry.
AB  - Mouse secretory ameloblasts express a number of enamel proteins, which have been
      divided into amelogenin and enamelin subfamilies. We have used polyclonal
      antibodies to murine amelogenins to reveal enamel proteins in mouse ameloblasts
      using the protein A-gold immunocytochemical technique. Specific immunolabeling
      was detected over the extracellular enamel matrix and over the rough endoplasmic
      reticulum, the saccules of the Golgi apparatus, and the secretory granules of the
      ameloblasts. In addition, some lysosome-like granules were also labeled. Only
      background labeling was obtained over mitochondria, nuclei, cytosol, adjacent
      odontoblasts, and dentin. Quantitation of the intensity of labeling showed the
      presence of an increasing gradient along the secretory pathway, which may
      correspond to the concentration or the maturation of these proteins as they are
      processed by the cell. These findings indicate that the ameloblast displays an
      intracellular distribution of its secretory products similar to that of other
      merocrine secreting cells. The presence of enamel proteins in lysosomes suggests
      that crinophagy and/or resorption occurs in these cells.

PMID- 4056380
TI  - Cytochemical localization of dipeptidyl peptidase II (DPP-II) in mature guinea
      pig sperm.
AB  - Guinea pig sperm contain the exopeptidase dipeptidyl peptidase II (DPP-II). Our
      purpose was to localize this enzyme in sperm at the ultrastructural level using
      lysylalanyl-4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide which is the specific synthetic
      substrate for DPP-II. In substrate incubated sperm, reaction product was located
      within the acrosome. It was concentrated over the light staining area which forms
      the prominent dorsal bulge of the acrosome. Within this area there are spherical
      zones of moderate electron density which had little or no reaction product.
      Control sperm did not have reaction product. We conclude that DPP-II is
      restricted to a compartment within the guinea pig sperm acrosome.

PMID- 4056381
TI  - Different immunolocalizations of cathepsins B, H, and L in the liver.
AB  - Different localizations of cathepsin B, H, and L in normal rat liver were
      revealed immunohistochemically with anticathepsin Fab'-horseradish peroxidase
      conjugates. Staining of cathepsin B was strong in the periportal sinusoids,
      possibly in Kupffer cells; and weaker in panlobular hepatocytes. Staining of
      cathepsin H was strong in panlobular hepatocytes, especially in the periphery of
      the cytoplasm, possibly representing the peribiliary dense bodies; and weaker in
      periportal sinusoidal cells, possibly Kupffer cells. Staining of cathepsin L was
      strongest in centrilobular hepatocytes and weaker in periportal sinusoidal cells,
      possibly Kupffer cells. These findings, revealed for the first time in the
      present study, show that the histologic and intracellular localizations of the
      three cathepsins are different, suggesting that they have different roles in
      degradation of exogenous and endogenous proteins.

PMID- 4056382
TI  - Bisexuality reconsidered: an idea in pursuit of a definition.
AB  - This paper examines the confusion and conflict stemming from the inability of
      sexological research to establish a reliable operational definition of the
      bisexual condition. An examination of current research assumptions, definitions,
      and limitations revealed several "errors" which predispose most investigations to
      controversial or insignificant results. These errors include the researcher's:
      erotophobia, dualistic thinking, use of "self-labels," and most important, misuse
      of the Kinsey Scale as a basic definitional assumption. This paper concludes with
      a description of an alternative research model and methodology for bisexuality
      research. This new model eschews subject labeling and proposes a two-axis system
      for operationally defining bisexuality and for generating testable hypotheses.

PMID- 4056383
TI  - Wives' reactions to learning that their husbands are bisexual.
AB  - Interviews with 33 women, plus data from 70 more, explored wives' reactions to
      being informed by their husbands that their husbands were bisexual, the
      consequences of disclosure, and the factors determining those reactions and
      consequences. Findings suggest that wives struggled less with the homosexuality
      itself than with problems of isolation, stigma, loss, cognitive confusion and
      dissonance, and lack of knowledgeable, empathic support or help in problem
      solving. Moreover, faulty assumptions about "disclosure" seem to have led to
      serious misconceptions about the wives, on the part of husbands, researchers, and
      therapists alike. These misconceptions and the "realities" are discussed.

PMID- 4056384
TI  - Sexuality and relationship changes in married females following the commencement
      of bisexual activity.
AB  - Some of the changes in sexual behavior and relationships with spouses and other
      females following the commencement of bisexual activity by women after the age of
      30 were studied by conducting in-depth personal interviews with 50 women. Each
      participant, at the time of her first sexual activity with another female: (a)
      was married; (b) was at least 30; (c) was, with her spouse, engaging in
      consensual swinging activities; (d) was enjoying sex with males; and (e) had no
      history, prior to age 30, of sexual attraction to females. Generally, the
      subjects revealed high levels of participation in, and enjoyment of, sexual
      activity with other females, in addition to high levels of enjoyable heterosexual
      activity. Their generally happy and stable marriages tended somewhat to improve,
      as did their overall sex lives, and they saw their relationships with other
      females as significantly improved. Significant changes in sexual fantasies
      occurred. In all cases, sexual orientation became bisexual, but overall
      preference for male sex partners did not change.

PMID- 4056385
TI  - Marriages of bisexual men.
AB  - This study examined the marriages of 26 couples in which the husband was
      bisexual. The subjects were a non-clinical sample married for at least two years
      and intending to continue their marriages. The sample was, overall, highly
      educated and earned concomitantly high incomes. Subjects were administered the
      Klein Sexual Orientation Grid and a research questionnaire to determine
      successful or problematic aspects of their marriages. Subjects were, for the most
      part, satisfied with the quality of their marriages, sexually active within the
      marriages, and open about the husband's homosexual behavior. A high-level of
      sexual activity within the marriage, open and direct communication, a valued
      friendship, previous counseling or psychotherapy, cognitive flexibility, and
      financial independence contributed to the success of these marriages. The
      husbands reported a great deal of ambiguity about their homosexual behavior, and
      the couples reported intense conflict dealing with their open marriage styles.

PMID- 4056386
TI  - Bisexual men in marriage: is a positive homosexual identity and stable marriage
      possible?
AB  - The negative picture of mixed-orientation marriages portrayed in previous
      research is challenged by results from a study and two-year follow-up of a non
      clinical sample of 41 spouses representing 30 marriages. Evidence suggests that
      more recent marriages involving a bisexual are made for positive reasons, rather
      than as an escape from homosexuality. A comparison of couples in which the
      homosexual behavior is acknowledged to those in which it is secretive suggests a
      positive homosexual identity can be developed in the acknowledged situation. Data
      from a two-year follow-up provide information on the factors which led to the
      stabilization of such marriages. A schema of developmental crises, decisions, and
      consequences is presented.

PMID- 4056387
TI  - A study of the married bisexual male: paradox and resolution.
AB  - Men who live in conventional marriages and at the same time have significant love
      sex relationships with members of their own sex are largely an invisible group in
      our society. However, there is evidence to suggest that they are not rare, only
      rarely identified. How these men perceive themselves, reconcile the ordinary
      aspects of their lives with their atypical sexuality, and conduct themselves in
      marriage and family life are the focus of this study. Particular attention is
      paid to two major paradoxes in their lives: the contradiction between their
      heterosexual public identity which places them comfortably in the mainstream of
      society and their stigmatized and forbidden homosexual desires and behavior; and
      the ethical issue of deceiving their wives as well as others to whom they are
      intimately related. Sixty men drawn from a non-clinical population presented
      their life stories in extended tape-recorded interviews. These men show great
      variations in their patterns of psychosexual development as well as in their
      accoMmodations to marriage and do not fit readily into simple categories. Most of
      them have found fulfillment and have no wish to change the pattern of their
      lives. In part, the study contrasts the more successful with the less successful
      marriages. A major conclusion is that some men are able to express with minimal
      conflict their homosexual and heterosexual impulses within the framework of a
      conventional marriage.

PMID- 4056388
TI  - Integration of male bisexuality and marriage.
AB  - Eighteen couples who had originally entered therapy because of conflicts created
      by the husband's bisexuality were studied to determine the dynamics and
      adjustment of their marriages. All the couples, to varying degrees, had been
      openly dealing with the husband's bisexuality for at least two years. Through
      questionnaires and psychological instruments, couples indicated that openness and
      communication helped the relationship. The greatest difficulties they encountered
      were in their sexual relationships. Marital satisfaction and adjustment was found
      to be negatively correlated with increasing age, number of children, later onset
      of homosexual activities, increased emotional involvement with male partners,
      increased numbers of people who know about the husband's homosexual activities,
      and increased sexual dissatisfaction and conflict. Basically, this study
      reinforced the notion that some marriages can survive by way of open
      communication, acceptance and understanding, dynamics which help compensate for
      the inherent conflicts these couples face.

PMID- 4056389
TI  - Perceived sexual satisfaction and marital happiness of bisexual and heterosexual
      swinging husbands.
AB  - This study compared the sexual satisfaction and marital happiness of 50 bisexual
      and 50 heterosexual married male volunteers. All participants chosen were in
      swinging marriages. Age, length of current marriages, and socioeconomic status
      were matched and controlled between samples. The bisexual sample reported: (a)
      significantly more frequent orgasms with females, from masturbation, and from all
      sexual activities combined; and (b) a significantly greater incidence of orgasms
      from fantasies or dreams. Although both samples gave high ratings to their sexual
      satisfaction and marital happiness, both measures were rated significantly higher
      by the heterosexual males.

PMID- 4056391
TI  - The bisexual scene in New York City.

PMID- 4056390
TI  - Bisexuality: reassessing our paradigms of sexuality.
AB  - Sexuality research currently needs to re-examine critically its constructs of
      sexual orientation and identity for theoretical inconsistencies and simplistic
      assumptions about the nature of sexual desire continue to plague it. This becomes
      evident when one reviews how the confluence of heterosexual and homosexual desire
      in individuals is "explained" by theories that assume a basic dichotomy in sexual
      orientation. This article examines how categories such as homosexual,
      heterosexual, and bisexual have developed, and differentiates between their
      utility as social labels and as scientific constructs. The intrusion of social
      and political considerations into the scientific investigation of sexuality is
      noted, and it is suggested that the use of these labels impedes rather than
      advances such study.

PMID- 4056392
TI  - A profile of the San Francisco Bisexual Center.

PMID- 4056393
TI  - Sexual orientation: a multi-variable dynamic process.
AB  - Theory and research concerning sexual orientation has been restricted in its
      scope and influence by the lack of clear and widely accepted definitions of terms
      like heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual. In an attempt to better demarcate
      and understand the complexities of human sexual attitudes, emotions, and
      behavior, the Klein Sexual Orientation Grid (KSOG) was developed and
      administered. The KSOG is composed of seven variables that are dimensions of
      sexual orientation, each of which is rated by the subject as applying to the
      present, past, or ideal. Analysis of the data from subjects who filled out the
      KSOG in Forum Magazine indicated that the instrument was a reliable and valid
      research tool which took into consideration the multi-variable and dynamic
      aspects of sexual orientation.

PMID- 4056394
TI  - Psycho-social issues related to counseling bisexuals.
AB  - An increasing number of persons who experience bisexual feelings or behaviors are
      seeking professional counseling. This article explores the psycho-social issues
      related to counseling individuals and couples concerned about their own or their
      partner's feelings, fantasies, or behaviors with both men and women, and the
      appropriateness or inappropriateness of adopting a bisexual identity or
      developing a bisexual life-style. The steps for helping individuals to
      differentiate problems, handle confusion, and conceptualize bisexuality are
      outlined. The counseling process with bisexuals includes developing support
      systems, examining internalized homophobia and sex-role stereotyping, helping
      them deal with heterosexual concerns, and with issues which affect partners when
      one or both is bisexual.

PMID- 4056395
TI  - Personality variables in males as they relate to differences in sexual
      orientation.
AB  - This study investigated personality variable differences among men of different
      sexual orientations. One hundred-fourteen males completed a demographic sheet,
      the Sexual Screening Questionnaire (SSQ), the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability
      Scale, and the Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style (TAIS). The SSQ
      screened subjects into one of three categories: heterosexual, bisexual, or
      homosexual. It was hypothesized that, based on TAIS scores, bisexuals would
      describe themselves as being more attentionally unfocused and more anxious, and
      as having lower self-esteem than the other two groups. One-way analyses of the
      variance (ANOVA) of these hypotheses failed to produce significant results. A
      post-hoc multiple discriminant function analysis revealed that the heterosexual
      group was significantly more competitive both physically and interpersonally, and
      that the bisexual group displayed significant difficulty focusing their attention
      in a disciplined way.

PMID- 4056396
TI  - Identity conflict or adaptive flexibility? Bisexuality reconsidered.
AB  - A definition of bisexuality is offered, followed by a discussion of two opposing
      models of bisexual functioning: the "conflict model," which views bisexuality as
      problematic, stemming from identity conflict and confusion that marks a
      transitional stage to a homosexual orientation; and the "flexibility model,"
      which views bisexuality as the coexistence of heteroeroticism and homoeroticism,
      as the successful integration of homosexual and heterosexual identities into a
      dual sexual orientation. The Kinsey data are reviewed in an effort to determine
      the incidence of bisexuality in the U.S. population. Finally, specific clinical
      and empirical studies investigating bisexual subjects are reviewed in light of
      the two models.

PMID- 4056397
TI  - Mexican male bisexuality.
AB  - Even one adult homosexual act may threaten the masculine gender identity of
      American males, and raise the question of their homosexuality. However, fieldwork
      in Northwestern Mexico revealed a different belief system. A Mestizo Mexican
      male's masculine gender identity is not threatened by homosexual acts as long as
      he plays the insertor sex role; only the male insertee, playing a female sex
      role, is considered homosexual. An analysis of the Mexican data suggests that
      bisexual behavior is thus more easily accepted by Mestizo Mexican males and is
      more widely practiced in that region of Mexico than in the United States.

PMID- 4056398
TI  - Bisexual women in marriages.
AB  - A clinical sample of women who were currently or previously married were surveyed
      regarding demographics, homosexual experiences before marriage, problems in
      marriage, and sexual orientation. The average age of the 45 participants was
      35.9. Before marriage, 21 (47%) were somewhat aware of their homosexual feelings
      but were much less likely to have thought of or identified themselves as
      homosexuals. Sexual difficulties were very common in these marriages (89%), the
      most cited sexual difficulty being a lack of sexual desire for their spouse
      (62%). Based upon Kinsey-type ratings, the sample could be described as almost
      exclusively heterosexual in behavior and fantasies before marriage. Some changes
      could be seen during marriage toward more of a homosexual orientation. The
      dramatic change, however, occurred following marriage, when the women reported
      even more of a homosexual orientation, tending toward the homosexual end of the
      Kinsey continuum. At the time of the study, a majority of the sample was, in
      fact, relating almost exclusively to other women. This study found that, compared
      to homosexual men who have been married, these women are more likely to marry at
      an earlier age, unlikely to be aware of their homosexual feelings prior to
      marriage, and more likely to terminate their marriage earlier because of
      conflicts arising as a result of their bisexual orientation and sexual
      dissatisfaction.

PMID- 4056399
TI  - An ELISA to detect antibody specific for surface antigens of parasitic nematodes.
AB  - An enzyme immunoassay method is described for the detection of specific
      immunoglobulins bound to the surface of intact adult Nippostrongylus
      brasiliensis. Binding of antibody is complete in 1 h and the entire procedure can
      be completed in less than 4 h. This method has been used to detect the quantity
      of specific IgG antibodies in sera of rats infected with N. brasiliensis.

PMID- 4056400
TI  - Use of a monoclonal antibody in a double-sandwich ELISA for detection of IgM
      antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii major surface protein (P30).
AB  - A double-sandwich ELISA, developed for detection of IgM antibodies to the major
      surface protein of Toxoplasma gondii (P30), is proposed for the diagnosis of
      acute acquired toxoplasmosis. The method is based on the capture of serum IgM
      antibodies, which are revealed indirectly by the sequential addition of a
      Toxoplasma extract and a beta-galactosidase-conjugated anti-P30 monoclonal
      antibody. All 57 patients tested with serological characteristics of recently
      acquired toxoplasmosis showed high levels of IgM anti-P30 antibodies. In
      addition, 5 out of the 24 patients with chronic toxoplasmosis and all 7 patients
      with a clinical acute infection in which the classical IgM serology was negative,
      also presented significant anti-P30 IgM antibodies. Patients with either
      rheumatoid factor or antinuclear antibodies were all negative. In view of its
      simplicity, specificity and sensitivity, this method is recommended for the
      current diagnosis of T. gondii infection.

PMID- 4056401
TI  - A critical analysis of commercially available latex particle reagents for C
      reactive protein (CRP) slide agglutination tests.
AB  - C-reactive protein (CRP) was assessed in pediatric serum samples using different
      commercial latex reagents, which were analyzed for species origin of the coating
      antibodies, homogeneity and density of the latex particles, and prozone
      agglutinating capacity. All reagents correctly agglutinated the positive and
      negative control sera. The antibodies coating the particles differed with regard
      to species origin: one was coated with rabbit, one with horse and goat, one with
      horse, goat, rabbit and swine, while the reference reagent had horse, goat and
      rabbit antibodies. Only the monospecies specific antibody-coated latex showed
      obvious prozoning; this reagent also had the smallest and most homogenous latex
      particles and showed the most clear-cut reactions. False agglutination was
      observed at 7-26% according to quantitation with the spot immunoprecipitate
      assay, which compared favorably with radial immunodiffusion measurements. The
      lowest percentage of false readings was noted for the rabbit antibody-coated
      particles; the highest for the reagent with particles coated using antibodies
      from 4 different species. No reagent had satisfactory precision for the low
      positive sera between 10 and 40 mg CRP/l.

PMID- 4056402
TI  - Detection of blood group type glycosphingolipid antigens on thin-layer plates
      using polyclonal antisera.
AB  - The conditions for binding of antibodies to glycosphingolipids separated on a
      thin-layer plate have been optimized for polyclonal antisera. The method has a
      broad detection range with low background staining. Examples are shown for the
      detection of blood group A and B active glycosphingolipids.

PMID- 4056403
TI  - Computer simulations and the use of radiolabelled sulphur colloid to measure the
      efficiency of the mononuclear phagocyte system.
AB  - Techniques are described whereby the clearance of the radiolabelled blood borne
      colloid can be continuously and reproducibly measured non-invasively from the
      same animal in vivo or from the isolated perfused intact liver in vitro. Using
      these techniques, the rate of removal of radiolabelled sulphur colloid by the
      mononuclear phagocytes in vivo and in vitro was shown to be biexponential. The
      pattern of clearance of colloid and the factors contributing to this were
      analysed with the aid of a computer program which mimicked the in vitro liver
      perfusion.

PMID- 4056404
TI  - Standardisation of the quantitation of serum amyloid A protein (SAA) in human
      serum.
AB  - An adequate method for standardising the quantitation of serum amyloid A protein
      (SAA) in human serum was developed. Acute phase high density lipoprotein3 (HDL3)
      was used as a standard. The concentration of the SAA in the standard was
      determined by the use of purified SAA. After protein determination, various
      concentrations of purified SAA were run on SDS-polyacrylamide gel together with
      the HDL3 standard containing an unknown amount of SAA amongst the
      apolipoproteins. From the standard curve obtained by pyridine extraction
      (Coomassie blue colour yield at A605 nm) the concentration of SAA in the HDL3
      standard was determined. An established immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for SAA
      was standardised with the HDL3. SAA concentrations in normal and acute phase sera
      were determined.

PMID- 4056405
TI  - The relationship between the binding of primary antibody to solid-phase antigen
      in microtiter plates and its detection by the ELISA.
AB  - Radioiodinated monomeric and dimeric M315 (mM315 and dM315) prepared from BALB/c
      ascites fluid by gel filtration and affinity chromatography were used to study
      the relationship between primary antibody binding to solid-phase
      dinitrophenylated gelatin in microtiter ELISAs and its indirect detection by
      enzyme-antibody conjugates and complexes. The relationship between the amount of
      mM315 or dM315 which binds to dinitrophenylated gelatin to the amount added is
      linear over a nearly 3-log range with a slope of 1; the amount of M315 which
      binds in this linear range after 24 h represents all of the active antibody in
      the system. On a binding site basis, mM315 was inhibited by a significantly lower
      amount of dinitrophenyl-(DNP)glycine than was dM315. The indirect detection of
      bound M315 over the same 3-log range using ELISA yielded a sigmoidal titration
      curve which encompassed a short linear region that had a slope of 0.9 or less.
      Plateauing of the titration plots at high input of both mM315 and dM315 was shown
      to be progressively exaggerated in direct relationship to the size of the enzyme
      antibody conjugate used for their detection. The data show that the upper region
      of the sigmoidal ELISA titration plot is the result of steric hindrance of the
      detection system. Through the combined use of an 131I-enzyme-antibody immune
      complex (EIC) detection system and 125I-M315, it was shown that the deviation
      from the linear binding of 125I-M315 observed during its indirect detection in
      the so-called linear region of the ELISA titration curve was the result of
      changing ratios of bound EIC: bound primary antibody, not altered enzymic
      activity.

PMID- 4056406
TI  - Rapid separation of IgM from whole serum using spun column chromatography.
AB  - Spun columns were used to separate IgM from serum samples by exploiting molecular
      weight and size difference between IgM and other serum antibodies. Miniature gel
      chromatography columns were prepared in 3 ml syringe barrels. A polyacrylamide
      liquid chromatography gel, Bio-Gel P-200, was chosen to exclude proteins with
      molecular weights greater than 200,000. IgM, 900,000 MW, was excluded while IgG,
      150,000 MW, was retained in the gel column. Centrifugation of the serum-loaded
      columns in test tubes accomplished the separation in one step by eluting a void
      volume equal to the sample volume from each column into a holding tube. IgM
      recovery in the eluent exceeded 96% of the total serum IgM in the pre-column
      sample. No IgG was detected in the eluent. IgM separated from La Crosse
      encephalitis immune human serum retained immunological activity in a viral
      neutralization test. Spun column chromatography is eminently suitable for
      diagnostic laboratories as more than 100 sera may be fractionated in one day
      using inexpensive materials and a low-speed centrifuge equipped with a swinging
      bucket rotor.

PMID- 4056407
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of IgG and IgM anti-albumin autoantibodies in human serum.
AB  - An antigen-coated plate radioimmunoassay used to detect autoantibodies of IgG and
      IgM classes against human serum albumin is described. It comprises 3 steps: (a)
      adsorption of glutaraldehyde-polymerized human serum albumin on the wells of a
      plastic plate, (b) incubation of the serum to be tested with the antigen in the
      wells, and (c) the addition of radiolabelled antibodies against human IgG or IgM.
      The method has been used to estimate the level of anti-albumin autoantibodies
      (AAA) belonging to IgG or IgM classes in the sera of normal subjects and patients
      with liver diseases.

PMID- 4056408
TI  - Hydatidiform mole and HLA. Methods for HLA-A,B,C determination.
AB  - The current Danish project on genetic markers and hydatidiform moles involves the
      examination of the histocompatibility between patient, spouse and molar tissue.
      For this purpose 2 techniques have been developed for HLA-A,B determination of
      molar tissue: (a) a cytotoxic microtechnique for the HLA typing of cultured molar
      cells, and (b) a microabsorption method using selected HLA antisera for the
      examination of frozen molar tissue. To date molar cell cultures or tissue have
      been examined in 22 of the cases. The results of HLA determination were compared
      with chromosomal markers to elucidate the origin of the haploid chromosome
      complements. In the cases examined a general agreement between the HLA-A,B type
      and the origin of the chromosomes was observed. The microabsorption method used
      seems to be less sensitive than the cytotoxic technique.

PMID- 4056409
TI  - A rapid and efficient immunization protocol for production of monoclonal
      antibodies reactive with autoantigens.
AB  - A simple, time-saving and efficient immunization method suitable for the
      production of mouse monoclonal antibody secreting hybridomas is described.
      Draining lymph nodes isolated 9 days after a primary immunization were used as
      the source of antibody producing cells. No systemic spread of antibody producing
      cells or specific antibodies could be detected. The present protocol was employed
      to generate a panel of collagen type II reactive monoclonal antibodies. Most of
      the monoclonals so generated were found to be of the IgG class.

PMID- 4056410
TI  - Chemiluminescence monitoring of phagocyte oxidative metabolism in mice bearing
      polyacrylamide induced granulomas.
AB  - A technical protocol was recently described by Fauve et al. (J. Immunol. Methods
      1983, 64, 345) for inducing subcutaneous granuloma with polyacrylamide
      microbeads. The present study using this technique demonstrates that the capacity
      of host phagocytes to generate reactive oxygen species can be easily monitored by
      chemiluminescence, both locally in granuloma infiltrating cells and at sites
      remote from the inflammatory reaction, i.e., within microamounts of whole blood
      and in spleen cells. We observed that both resting and stimulated (zymosan or
      phorbol-myristate acetate) production by C57BL/6 mouse phagocytes are
      significantly higher in granulomas induced with high porosity polyacrylamide
      beads (P300) than in those induced with beads of low polyacrylamide porosity
      (P4). Since this selective modulation of phagocyte oxidative metabolism is also
      detectable within microamounts of whole blood and in spleen cells, it could serve
      as a model for investigating the role of reactive oxygen species in the
      inflammatory reaction.

PMID- 4056411
TI  - In vitro stimulation of macrophages by quadrol [N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2
      hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine].
AB  - Mouse peritoneal macrophages, when exposed to Quadrol [N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2
      hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine] in vitro, show a dose dependent enhanced spreading
      over a four-hour period. In vitro Quadrol induced phagocytosis of polystyrene
      beads was found to be time and concentration dependent. The rate and extent of
      the enhancement of phagocytosis was comparable to that observed for
      lipopolysaccharide and tuftsin.

PMID- 4056412
TI  - Effects of antiarthritic compounds on sheep erythrocyte-induced delayed-type
      hypersensitivity.
AB  - Delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) in mice is a simple
      model of cellular immunity mediated primarily by Ly 1+ T-cells. Because little is
      known about the pharmacology of this model, the therapeutic effects of a variety
      of antiarthritic agents were tested. Swelling was determined using mercury
      plethysmography and used to determine drug activity. Two immunosuppressive agents
      (cyclophosphamide and azathioprine) and two steroids (dexamethasone and
      hydrocortisone) significantly reduced swelling. Only one of six nonsteroidal
      antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, reduced swelling. Indomethacin,
      phenylbutazone, and benoxaprofen augmented swelling and ibuprofen and isoxicam
      were inactive. Four disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), D
      penicillamine, levamisole, chloroquine, and aurothioglucose, were tested and none
      inhibited swelling. Aurothioglucose significantly augmented swelling. In
      conclusion, only steroids and immunosuppressive agents had consistent effects on
      DTH to SRBC. In general, NSAIDs and DMARDs were either inactive or augmented
      swelling. These results suggest that this model may be of use as a routine screen
      for immunomodulatory agents.

PMID- 4056413
TI  - The immune response to a schistosomacide, amoscanate. II. Cell-mediated immune
      responses.
AB  - A potent antischistosomal drug, Amoscanate, was found to induce vigorous serum
      antibody responses when either fed or administered parenterally as a drug-protein
      conjugate. Because of preliminary evidence that the drug could bind covalently to
      proteins in vivo, we decided to investigate the possibility that the drug could
      act as a contact sensitizing agent like DNCB. It was found that Amoscanate could
      induce a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response when painted on the shaved
      skin of guinea pigs. Moreover, the type of DTH response elicited was found to be
      cutaneous basophilic hypersensitivity (CBH). The significance of these findings
      are discussed.

PMID- 4056414
TI  - Impact of talc dust on the respiratory system of working population.

PMID- 4056415
TI  - Haemorrhoids: amelioration without tears.

PMID- 4056416
TI  - Therapy of pyogenic osteomyelitis.

PMID- 4056417
TI  - Prognostic factors and sequelae of tuberculous meningitis in adults.

PMID- 4056418
TI  - Caecal volvulus.

PMID- 4056419
TI  - Adverse drug reactions in ophthalmology.

PMID- 4056420
TI  - Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.

PMID- 4056421
TI  - Pyometrocolpos with distal vaginal agenesis.

PMID- 4056422
TI  - Torsion of fallopian tube in an adolescent girl.

PMID- 4056423
TI  - Retroperitoneal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma.

PMID- 4056424
TI  - Retroperitoneal primary hydatid cyst of pelvis.

PMID- 4056426
TI  - Fracture of penis.

PMID- 4056425
TI  - Arrow injury.

PMID- 4056427
TI  - Massive osteolysis of skull associated with meningeal sarcoma.

PMID- 4056428
TI  - Non-functioning short colon with anorectal malformation.

PMID- 4056429
TI  - Poststerilisation tubal pregnancy.

PMID- 4056430
TI  - The Bhopal tragedy.

PMID- 4056431
TI  - Early ambulation and rehabilitation after acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4056432
TI  - A study of FEV1 in children and its prediction from some anthropometric indices.

PMID- 4056433
TI  - Monitoring of labour by partogram.

PMID- 4056434
TI  - Changing profile of bacterial pneumonias.

PMID- 4056435
TI  - Evaluation of bromide partition test in tuberculous meningitis.

PMID- 4056436
TI  - Efficacy of mebendazole with or without laxative.

PMID- 4056437
TI  - Goldenhar syndrome.

PMID- 4056438
TI  - Placenta accreta.

PMID- 4056439
TI  - Medullary carcinoma of thyroid in a child with stunted growth.

PMID- 4056440
TI  - Medullary carcinoma of thyroid.

PMID- 4056441
TI  - Alport's syndrome.

PMID- 4056442
TI  - Beta-blocker poisoning: prolongation of Q-T interval and inversion of T wave.

PMID- 4056443
TI  - Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhages.

PMID- 4056444
TI  - Chromosomal factors in repeated foetal loss.

PMID- 4056445
TI  - Auto-immune disease of oral cavity.

PMID- 4056446
TI  - Enteric fever: an unusual clinical presentation.

PMID- 4056447
TI  - Actinomyces odontolyticus infections: review of six patients.

PMID- 4056448
TI  - Response to pneumococcal vaccination in normal and post-infected Nigerians.
AB  - Twelve patients who had recovered from pneumococcal infections and 12 household
      controls were given a polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine. Adequate amounts of
      antibody were detected by radioimmunoassay before immunisation in controls and
      patients. More controls responded to nine pneumococcal polysaccharides than did
      patients. A transient state of unresponsiveness to vaccine may exist in some
      patients for a period of 4-6 weeks after infection. The high concentrations of
      antibody before immunisation in adult controls suggest adequate herd immunity to
      the endemic serotypes in the adult population.

PMID- 4056449
TI  - Another source of aerosol causing nosocomial Legionnaires' disease.
AB  - We report on a 64-year-old man who developed pneumonia after a laryngectomy.
      Legionella pneumophila serogroup Leiden-I was isolated from his sputum.
      Investigation revealed that infection followed exposure to an aerosol from a
      mechanical humidifier.

PMID- 4056450
TI  - Pericardial effusion as the sole manifestation of infectious mononucleosis.
AB  - A 56-year-old patient presented with fever, dyspnoea and large pericardial
      effusion, which were the only features of infectious mononucleosis. Atypical
      cases or infectious mononucleosis are common in older patients. Such a well
      documented case of effusive pericarditis, however, has not been previously
      recorded.

PMID- 4056452
TI  - Stevens-Johnson syndrome associated with psittacosis.

PMID- 4056451
TI  - Serotyping of Campylobacter jejuni from an outbreak of enteritis implicating
      chicken.
AB  - An outbreak of campylobacter enteritis involving 7 of 17 people over a period of
      5 days followed a dinner at a restaurant. A chicken casserole dish was implicated
      with a food-specific attack rate of 58%. Campylobacter jejuni Penner serotype
      18/21/29, resistant to metronidazole, was isolated from 3 of 4 symptomatic
      patients and from three raw fresh chicken samples closely associated with the
      implicated chicken. Numbers of C. jejuni in the chicken ranged from 5.3 X 10(1)
      to 7.5 X 10(2) colony forming units per square centimeter of surface area. This
      is the first outbreak of campylobacter enteritis reported in Australia in which
      C. jejuni has been isolated from both human and food sources and the isolates
      serologically confirmed as identical.

PMID- 4056453
TI  - Legionnaires' disease and hairy cell leukaemia.

PMID- 4056454
TI  - The characterization, origin, and kinetics of skin macrophages during
      inflammation.
AB  - This report deals with the characterization, origin, and kinetics of exudate skin
      macrophages. The inflammatory stimulus used was a subcutaneously inserted glass
      coverslip. The macrophages adhering to the glass surface have many
      characteristics in common with circulating monocytes. During this kind of
      inflammation there is little differentiation into a more mature or activated type
      of mononuclear phagocyte. The kinetic studies with [3H]thymidine as cell marker
      and calculation of local production at the site of inflammation as well as the
      influx of cells to that site led to the conclusion that greater than or equal to
      99% of the exudate skin macrophages were monocyte derived and less than or equal
      to 1% originated by local division of macrophages.

PMID- 4056455
TI  - Inhibition of DNA synthesis of melanoma cells by azelaic acid.
AB  - Azelaic acid was successfully used in the clinical treatment of 7 cases of
      lentigo maligna in that remission of the lesions was observed in all our
      patients. In order to elucidate mechanism(s) of the beneficial clinical effects,
      we studied the effect of azelaic acid on cultured melanoma cells. Cell numbers
      recovered from melanoma cell cultures grown for several days in the presence of
      10 mM azelaic acid were 50-70% less than those recovered from control cultures or
      from cultures containing 10 mM adipic acid. This reduction of cell numbers was
      not due to a simple cytotoxic or cytolytic effect of azelaic acid but rather due
      to a dose-dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis. Interestingly, nontoxic
      concentrations of azelaic acid, which significantly reduced DNA synthesis of
      cultured melanoma cells, had no overt effect on the protein synthesis of these
      cells. It is conceivable that inhibition of DNA synthesis is one of the
      mechanisms by which azelaic acid prevents growth and proliferation of abnormal
      melanocytes.

PMID- 4056456
TI  - UVA-induced erythema, pigmentation, and skin surface temperature changes are
      irradiance dependent.
AB  - Human cutaneous erythemogenic and melanogenic responses to long-wave (UVA)
      ultraviolet radiation were investigated using irradiances ranging from 5-50
      mW/cm2. Skin surface temperature changes resulting from the different irradiances
      were also compared. In general, threshold doses for erythema and pigmentation
      were higher when UVA was administered at the lowest irradiance (5 mW/cm2) than at
      the highest (50 mW/cm2). Erythema was maximal immediately after exposure to UVA.
      The most intense responses (erythema with edema, or intense pigmentation) were
      induced more frequently by the highest irradiance. Components of both the
      erythema and the pigment response to UVA are therefore irradiance-dependent. The
      greatest increase in skin surface temperature was observed after exposure to the
      highest irradiance.

PMID- 4056457
TI  - Lack of photoprotection against UVB-induced erythema by immediate pigmentation
      induced by 382 nm radiation.
AB  - Immediate pigment darkening (IPD) was induced on the backs of 11 human volunteers
      of skin types III and IV by exposing the skin to UVA radiation (382 nm). The
      minimum erythema dose (MED) of UVB radiation was also determined by exposing
      sites to graduated doses of 304 nm radiation. The order of exposure of distinct
      anatomic areas was as follow: UVB followed by IPD induction; IPD induction
      followed by UVB; IPD induction followed 3 h later by UVB; and UVB only. Erythema
      responses induced by UVB were graded by inspection 24 h later and the MEDs in the
      4 areas were compared. The induction of IPD before UVB exposure caused no
      significant change in the MED compared to sites receiving UVB only, or receiving
      UVA radiation after UVB, confirming that the IPD reaction does not protect
      against UVB-induced erythema. There was also no evidence of photorecovery, i.e.,
      an increase in the MED of UVB resulting from exposure to longer wavelength, UV or
      visible radiation following UVB exposure.

PMID- 4056458
TI  - Qualitative and quantitative analysis of cytosol retinoid binding proteins in
      human skin.
AB  - The distribution of the cytosol retinol and retinoic acid binding proteins are
      known to vary greatly within the different layers of the eye, a retinoid target
      organ. We have analyzed the cytosol retinoid binding from adult human skin,
      another retinoid target organ, and examined the relative contribution of the
      epidermis and dermis to the total retinoid binding. The mean specific activity of
      [3H]retinol (0.52 +/- 0.06 pmol/mg protein) and [3H]retinoic acid (3.20 +/- 0.45
      pmol/mg protein) binding to cytosol preparations from different specimens of
      adult human skin was determined. On the average these skins bound 7-fold more
      retinoic acid than retinol. When skin was treated with EDTA and separated into
      epidermal and dermal fractions, [3H]retinol and [3H]retinoic acid binding was
      found in the cytosol derived from epidermis (0.36 +/- 0.03 pmol/mg protein, 3.69
      +/- 0.13 pmol/mg protein, respectively) but not from dermis. To confirm that the
      absence of dermal binding was not due to loss during the EDTA separation, we
      assayed skin keratomed at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mm. The skin obtained at 0.1 mm was
      upper epidermis and exhibited binding for both retinol and retinoid acid. The 0.2
      mm skin, which added lower epidermis but little dermal contamination, had higher
      specific activities for both retinol and retinoic acid binding. The 0.3 mm skin
      which added primarily dermis, had lower specific activities for binding both
      retinoids. This is consistent with the concept that the epidermis is responsible
      for the majority of retinoid binding in adult human skin obtained from the lower
      limb.

PMID- 4056459
TI  - The in vitro metabolism of 13-cis-retinoic acid in a model sebaceous structure,
      the rat preputial gland.
AB  - In order to study the metabolism of 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) in animal
      sebaceous glands and analogues, preputial glands from normal and vitamin A
      deficient male rats were incubated with [3H]13-cis-RA for up to 24 h; vitamin A
      normal hamster costovertebral glands (flank organs) were incubated for 24 h as
      well. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to identify the
      metabolites. [3H]13-cis-RA was rapidly converted to a less polar compound,
      [3H]all-trans-retinoic acid, by the preputial glands from both normal and
      deficient rats. In normal preputial glands, the level of [3H]all-trans-RA
      decreases and two more polar compounds, metabolite I and [3H]4-keto-13-cis-RA
      appear. In contrast, [3H]all-trans-RA is not metabolized further by the preputial
      glands from deficient rats, while [3H]13-cis-RA in the hamster costovertebral
      glands remains intact for up to 24 h. The major metabolite of [3H]13-cis-RA in
      rat preputial glands is [3H]4-keto-13-cis-RA. Initially, [3H]13-cis-RA is
      converted to [3H]all-trans-RA. In vitamin A-deficient rats the preputial glands
      fail to further metabolize [3H]13-cis-RA to the more polar [3H]13-cis-RA
      derivatives. This may be due to the reduced level of P-450 enzyme in vitamin A
      deficient rat preputial glands.

PMID- 4056460
TI  - Age-related changes in sebaceous wax ester secretion rates in men and women.
AB  - Sustainable rates of sebaceous wax ester secretion were measured on the foreheads
      of 109 men and 167 women, aged 15-97. Each measurement was made after first
      depleting the cutaneous sebum reservoir by overnight absorption of lipid into a
      layer of bentonite clay. Lipid was then absorbed for 3 h into fresh clay in which
      two 2-cm cloth disks were embedded. The absorbed lipid was extracted from the
      disks with ether and analyzed for wax esters by thin-layer chromatography. For
      both men and women there was a wide range of wax ester secretion rates at all
      ages. Rates were highest in the 15- to 35-year-olds and appeared to decline
      continuously throughout the adult age range. Values of log(wax esters) were
      better correlated with age than the untransformed values of wax ester secretion.
      The equations of best fit of log(wax esters) vs age suggested that sebum
      secretion declines about 23% per decade in men and 32% per decade in women.

PMID- 4056461
TI  - Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Al Menoufia Governorate, Egypt.

PMID- 4056462
TI  - Histochemical studies in experimental heterophyiasis.

PMID- 4056463
TI  - Hydatidosis of the orbit.

PMID- 4056464
TI  - Clinical patterns of scorpion stings in Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 4056465
TI  - Critical assessment of eosinophilia versus some immunologic tests in human
      hydatidosis in Egypt.

PMID- 4056466
TI  - Clinico-biochemical and EEG studies in bilharzial hepatosplenomegaly.

PMID- 4056467
TI  - Trematodes of fishes from the Red Sea. Two new species of Lepidapedon Stafford,
      1904 (Lepocreadiidae).

PMID- 4056468
TI  - Echinostome parasites of aquatic birds in Assiut G., Egypt.

PMID- 4056469
TI  - Study of plasma coagulation factors: IX & X in adults with nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 4056470
TI  - Echinostome parasites of aquatic birds in Assiut G. genus Echinostoma (Rudolph,
      1909).

PMID- 4056471
TI  - Food handlers as a potential hazard in transmission of pathogens in Dakahlia G.,
      Egypt.

PMID- 4056472
TI  - Some unusual parasitic infestation reported at King Abd Al-Aziz Teaching
      Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 4056473
TI  - Some criteria and concepts about the taxonomic status of Rhipicephalus sanguineus
      Latr. and R. turanicus Pomer. & Matik. (Ixodidae, Acarina).

PMID- 4056474
TI  - Revision of the family Galumnidae Jacoi, 1925 (acari: Oribatei) of Egypt with
      further studies.

PMID- 4056475
TI  - In-vitro catabolism of L-histidine by adult Schistosoma mansoni.

PMID- 4056476
TI  - The genus Proctotrema odhner, 1911 (Monorchiidae), with description of
      Proctotrema odhneri sp. n. from Red Sea fishes.

PMID- 4056477
TI  - The evaluation of some laboratory techniques in the detection of enterobiasis in
      school children in Egypt.

PMID- 4056478
TI  - House dust mites in Kuwait: Preliminary pilot survey to shed some light on
      diagnosis and treatment of mite allergy.

PMID- 4056479
TI  - On the treatment of onchocerciasis in Sudan.

PMID- 4056480
TI  - On Aphanurus pimelopteri sp. n. (Trematoda: Hemiuridae) from the Red Sea fishes.

PMID- 4056481
TI  - The toxic effects of pyrimethamine in albino rats.

PMID- 4056482
TI  - Effect of levamisole on toxoplasmosis during pregnancy in guinea-pigs.

PMID- 4056483
TI  - The specificity of leishmaniasis I.H.A.T. in albino rats experimentally infected
      with Toxoplasma gondii and Hymenolepis nana.

PMID- 4056484
TI  - House dust mite sensitive asthma: preliminary study on its incidence and seasonal
      prevalence under the Egyptian environmental conditions.

PMID- 4056485
TI  - Correlation between endogenous interferon and the clinical evolution of patients
      with Argentine hemorrhagic fever.
AB  - To explore the endogenous interferon levels in patients of Argentine hemorrhagic
      fever (AHF) with different clinical evolution of the disease, 29 fatal and 33
      surviving cases of AHF were analyzed. As previously reported, the titers of
      endogenous alpha-IFN in patients with AHF are very high, generally between 2,000
      and 64,000 IU/ml. Thus far, these are the highest levels of circulating
      interferon detected in any human viral disease. In this study it was found that
      during the second week of evolution the titers of interferon were significantly
      higher in fatal cases than in survivors. Therefore, very high levels of
      interferon have a prognostic value in AHF.

PMID- 4056486
TI  - Subchromosomal localization of mouse IFN-alpha genes by in situ hybridization.
AB  - We have utilized in situ hybridization techniques to determine the chromosomal
      location of alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha) genes in the mouse. The results allow
      regional assignment of the IFN-alpha gene family to a position close to the
      center of chromosome 4, in bands C3-C7.

PMID- 4056487
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of recombinant leukocyte A interferon following various routes
      and modes of administration to the dog.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of recombinant leukocyte A interferon (rIFN-alpha A) were
      studied following intravenous (i.v.) bolus, 60 min (i.v. inf.) infusion,
      intramuscular (i.m.), subcutaneous (s.c.), and oral (p.o.) administrations to 15
      male beagle dogs. Each animal received at least one 3 X 10(6) units/kg dose of
      rIFN-alpha A by one of the five routes and/or modes of administration. Blood
      samples were collected and the serum was separated and analyzed for rIFN-alpha A
      concentrations by an enzyme immunoassay, ELISA. There were no measurable rIFN
      alpha A concentrations (less than 0.020 ng/ml) following oral administration. In
      general serum rIFN-alpha A concentrations exceeded 100 ng/ml following i.v. bolus
      and infusion doses then declined rapidly in a biphasic manner. The volume of
      distribution at steady state Vdss ranged from 0.14 to 0.21 liters/kg after i.v.
      infusion. Total body serum clearance (ClB) ranged from 14.6 to 23.9 ml/min, which
      is about 50% the estimated inulin clearance in dogs. The harmonic mean
      elimination half-lives ranged from 4.5 to 9.5 h. A prolonged absorption profile
      was seen following i.m. and s.c. administrations and the systemic bioavailability
      for both routes was 42% when compared with the i.v. infusion. These appear to be
      the first pharmacokinetic profiles of rIFN-alpha A reported in the dog.

PMID- 4056488
TI  - Localization of the mouse interferon-beta 1 gene to chromosome 4.
AB  - Using Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA isolated from hamster/mouse somatic
      cell hybrids, we have mapped the mouse interferon-beta 1 gene to chromosome 4.
      Thus, as in humans, both the alpha- and beta-interferon genes are localized on
      the same chromosome in mouse.

PMID- 4056489
TI  - A high-yield chromatographic method for the purification of rat fibroblast
      interferon to a high specific activity.
AB  - Rat fibroblast interferon (RfIFN), produced in serum-free media, has been
      purified 2,000-fold to 88% purity by a simple method that involves only two
      chromatographic steps: controlled pore glass and phenyl agarose chromatography.
      Over 70% of the initial activity was recovered. Gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)
      and silver staining of the purified RfIFN revealed two major bands of RfIFN
      activity corresponding to Mr of 26,000 and 22,500 daltons, respectively. A very
      small amount of RfIFN was also recovered from a region of the gel corresponding
      to a Mr of 18,500. The average specific activity of the purified material was 3.7
      X 10(8) U/mg. From these results it can be calculated that the specific activity
      of homogenous RfIFN is 4.0 X 10(8) U/mg.

PMID- 4056490
TI  - Purification of carboxymethylcellulose decreases toxicity of poly ICLC in mice.
AB  - The interferon inducer poly ICLC has toxic side effects; the
      carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) component is a possible source of this toxicity. We
      have purified CMC by ethanol extraction, and found that poly ICLC made with
      purified CMC is not significantly different in its effectiveness as an interferon
      inducer in mice than poly ICLC made with unpurified CMC, but is less toxic.

PMID- 4056491
TI  - Depressed interferon synthesis in skin fibroblasts from lung cancer patients.
AB  - Skin fibroblast cell cultures, derived from male adult lung cancer patients, an
      adult control population, and a newborn population were examined for their
      susceptibility to transformation with Kirsten murine sarcoma virus and their
      ability to respond to an interferon inducer (poly I X poly C). An association
      between sensitivity to viral transformation and induction of interferon was
      observed. Cultures derived from lung cancer patients demonstrated an increased
      sensitivity to virus transformation and a decreased ability to respond to
      interferon induction as compared with age-matched controls and newborns.

PMID- 4056492
TI  - Ventricular septation within the spectrum of surgery for double inlet ventricles.

PMID- 4056494
TI  - [Etiology of congenital disease and thoracic surgery].

PMID- 4056493
TI  - The surgical treatment of atrioventricular canal anomalies.

PMID- 4056495
TI  - [Paths we have followed].

PMID- 4056496
TI  - [Surgical management of chest diseases in infants].

PMID- 4056497
TI  - [Function after reconstructive surgery of the esophagus].

PMID- 4056498
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of lung complications after thoracic surgery in aged
      patients].

PMID- 4056499
TI  - [Carinal resection and reconstruction].

PMID- 4056500
TI  - [Acute renal failure following open heart surgery].

PMID- 4056501
TI  - [Pulmonary function after lobectomy in children under ten years of age].

PMID- 4056502
TI  - [Experience of palliative right ventricular outflow tract construction without
      extracorporeal circulation with the use of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene
      tube--staged operation for cases of hypoplastic pulmonary arteries].

PMID- 4056503
TI  - [Long-term follow-up study on valve function and left ventricular function after
      mitral valve replacement with a tilting disc valve--an echocardiographic study].

PMID- 4056505
TI  - [Prediction of postoperative pulmonary function in lung cancer patients using
      corrected lateral radionuclide lung images].

PMID- 4056504
TI  - [Oliguric acute renal failure following cardiac surgery].

PMID- 4056506
TI  - [Surgical treatment for criss-cross heart with complex cardiac anomalies].

PMID- 4056507
TI  - [Successful surgical correction of cyanotic cor triatriatum dexter associated
      with a two-chambered right ventricle].

PMID- 4056508
TI  - [Carcinoid tumor of the thymus with unusual presenting symptoms].

PMID- 4056509
TI  - [Congenital esophago-bronchial fistula in a 39-year-old male].

PMID- 4056510
TI  - [Malfunction of a Bjork-Shiley tricuspid prosthesis].

PMID- 4056511
TI  - [A large aneurysm of the previously ligated patent ductus arteriosus].

PMID- 4056512
TI  - [A case report of traumatic rupture of the descending aorta].

PMID- 4056513
TI  - [Studies on an antigen associated with human bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma
      -identification and purification of an antigen].

PMID- 4056514
TI  - [Pseudotruncus arteriosus associated with large aorto-pulmonary collateral
      arteries--operative indications and management of collaterals].

PMID- 4056515
TI  - [In-vivo valve function of the Bicer-Val prosthesis in the aortic position].

PMID- 4056516
TI  - [A fulminant hematologic disorder resembling aplastic anemia after cardiac
      surgery].

PMID- 4056517
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of combination treatment with dopamine and dobutamine in
      patients following open heart surgery].

PMID- 4056518
TI  - [High speed cinefluoroscopic evaluation of the St. Jude medical valve
      prosthesis].

PMID- 4056519
TI  - [Long-term results of aortic valve replacement--postoperative prognosis in
      patients with markedly depressed left ventricular function].

PMID- 4056520
TI  - [Re-surgical correction of a case of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage
      of the right inferior pulmonary vein into the right atrium with azygos
      continuation of the inferior vena cava].

PMID- 4056521
TI  - [Successful surgical correction of supraaortic stenosis by extended aortoplasty].

PMID- 4056522
TI  - [Surgical treatment of tetralogy of Fallot with a congenitally absent left
      pulmonary artery].

PMID- 4056523
TI  - [Carinal resection associated with subtotal esophagectomy ofa carcinoma of the
      esophagus with an esophagotracheal fistula].

PMID- 4056524
TI  - [An operated case of infant ductal aneurysm found on the second day of birth].

PMID- 4056525
TI  - [Radical correction of inferior vena cava obstruction with Budd-Chiari syndrome].

PMID- 4056526
TI  - [Exercise echocardiographic evaluation of postoperative cardiac function in
      patients undergoing open mitral commissurotomy].

PMID- 4056527
TI  - [The measurement of renal venous blood flow in man during open heart surgery].

PMID- 4056528
TI  - [Software of Japanese biochemical terms for the age of information].

PMID- 4056530
TI  - [Establishment and characterization of a cell line derived from mucinous
      cystadenocarcinoma of human ovary].
AB  - A human tumor cell line MCAS, which was derived from mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
      of the ovary, was established. The tissue specimen was obtained on December 1,
      1983 and the culture was maintained in Ham's F-12 medium supplemented with 20%
      fetal calf serum. Continuous growth made possible cell transfer every 3-5 days
      and the seventy-third passage was achieved on August 15, 1984. This cell line has
      the following characteristics. The doubling time of the MCAS cell line was 27
      hours and the saturation density was 5.1 X 10(4)/cm2. The cultured cells appeared
      monolayer and the cellular arrangement was a pavement-like pattern. Rather large
      cells with vacuoles in the cytoplasm appeared in the confluent state and PAS
      staining proved to be positive specifically in these large cells. A chromosomal
      analysis revealed a peritetraploid tendency. By heterotransplantation of MCAS
      cells to the nude athymic mouse, the tumor developed and had both cystic and
      solid components. The cystic content was mucinous. Histopathological diagnosis of
      the tumor was papillary adenocarcinoma and alcian blue staining was positive. The
      characteristics of the original mucinous cystadenocarcinoma have been precisely
      maintained in this cell line.

PMID- 4056529
TI  - [Tissue polypeptide antigen as a tumor marker for gynecologic malignancies].
AB  - Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) was measured by radioimmunoassay in sera from
      413 patients with various gynecologic tumors. The distribution of positive values
      (greater than 102 U/l) in the patients with gynecologic malignancies was such
      that the percentage of patients with elevated values appeared to increase with
      advancing stages of disease. Among the cervical cancer patients, elevated TPA
      values were observed in 11% of preinvasive, 35% of stage I and 67% of advanced
      cases. Similarly, the TPA values were elevated in 35% of the endometrial cancer
      patients. Among the patients with ovarian malignancies, serum TPA was elevated in
      33% of borderline, 47% of stage I and 86% of advanced cases. However, serum TPA
      was elevated in 21% of patients with uterine myomas and in 12% of those with
      ovarian benign tumors. The serial measurements of TPA in sera of the patients
      with gynecologic malignancies showed that serum TPA levels correlated with the
      effect of treatment and the clinical courses. The present observations
      demonstrate that the lack of tumor specificity of TPA limits its diagnostic value
      in gynecologic malignancies but that serial measurements of this antigen appear
      to be useful for monitoring of patients.

PMID- 4056531
TI  - [Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in cord blood with reference to birth
      weight].
AB  - To clarify the hemocoagulative and fibrinolytic dynamics of the perinatal period
      and also to seek the cause of SGA (small for gestational age) baby birth, the
      coagulation and fibrinolysis of the cord blood were examined, and moreover a
      comparison with the maternal blood, discussion on the difference in birth weight,
      and an examination of the difference due to the sex of babies were made in 68
      cases with full-term, vaginal, spontaneous delivery, and the following
      conclusions were reached. In comparison with maternal blood, cord blood
      significantly showed any of the following: Prolongations of the prothrombin time,
      and the activated partial thromboplastin time, a decrease in fibrinogen, and a
      decrease in the platelet aggregation, antithrombin III, and plasminogen. In
      addition, high values for thromboxane B2 and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha were
      observed. In the SGA group, significant decreases were observed in the platelet
      count, antithrombin III, plasminogen, and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor as compared
      with the AGA (appropriate for gestational age) and LGA (large for gestational
      age) baby groups. No sex difference was observed in the hemocoagulative and
      fibrinolytic capacities of the cord blood. These hemocoagulative and fibrinolytic
      capacities, particularly changes in the fibrinolytic system observed in the SGA
      group, seem to be attributable to chronic DIC (disseminated intravascular
      coagulation) and mild acidosis due to various stresses during pregnancy and at
      parturition, in turn due to immaturity of the liver in babies.

PMID- 4056532
TI  - [Histopathologic study of uterine adenomatoid tumor with special reference to
      histogenesis].
AB  - Twenty cases (13 from Jichi Medical School Hospital and 7 from other hospitals)
      of uterine adenomatoid tumor (ADT) were examined histochemically,
      immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally, to determine the histogenesis. For
      the control study, cases of malignant mesothelioma, reactive mesothelial
      hyperplasia, ADT of male genital organs and appendix testis were also examined.
      The results were summarized as follows: The age of the patients at hysterectomy
      ranged from 37 to 62 years with a mean of 44.6 years. Thirteen uteri containing
      ADT were found among 1250 hysterectomized specimens (the frequency, 1.04%) over
      the past 10 years at Jichi Medical School Hospital. The tumors were incidentally
      detected within the uteri which were removed for other genital conditions except
      for two cases with clinical symptom from ADT. Eighteen cases of ADT were small,
      non-encapsulated nodular lesions resembling adenomyosis uteri, and 12 cases were
      situated at the left cornual region of the uterine subserosa. The tumor cells
      showed a vivid production of hyaluronic acid and a positive staining reaction for
      intracytoplasmic keratin, but negative for factor VIII-related antigen in all
      cases. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells were characterized by numerous, well
      developed microvilli, abundant tonofilaments and tonofibrils frequently
      associated with desmosomes. The present findings were identical to those for
      malignant mesothelioma, reactive mesothelial hyperplasia and ADT of male genital
      organs, but not identical to those for appendix testis. In the light of the
      location, histopathological features and proliferative behavior of uterine ADT,
      it was considered to be a choristoma rather than a true neoplasm, namely, a
      malformational non-neoplastic lesion composed of heterotopic mesothelial cells.

PMID- 4056533
TI  - [The evaluation of serum estradiol, progesterone, testosterone concentrations and
      urinary estrogen excretion level for the monitoring indices of follicular
      maturation].
AB  - We have evaluated serum estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and urinary
      estrogen excretion in 24 hour urine samples to monitor indices of follicular
      maturation. The serum steroid levels were determined with the direct
      radioimmunoassay kit. The urinary estrogen level was measured with the estrogen
      micrometering kit using hemagglutination inhibition reaction. Moreover,
      relationships between these steroid levels and the follicular size measured with
      ultrasound were analyzed. The serum estradiol concentration and the estrogen
      excretion in 24 hour urine samples mostly showed a continuous increase during the
      late follicular phase, and had a positive correlation to the maximum follicular
      diameter of the leading follicle (MxFD) and to the total of the maximum diameter
      of the follicles (TFD). The serum progesterone concentration showed a remarkable
      increase especially on the day of the LH surge onset in many cases, and had a
      significant (p less than 0.01) correlation to MxFD but not to TFD. The serum
      testosterone concentration, however, showed neither a specific tendency on its
      daily change nor a correlation with the follicular size. These results indicated
      that the serum estradiol and progesterone, and the urinary estrogen excretion can
      be utilized as indices of follicular maturation.

PMID- 4056534
TI  - [Significance of amniotic fluid phosphatidylglycerol for the assessment of fetal
      lung maturity during diabetic pregnancy].
AB  - In diabetic pregnancy, a high rate of postnatal development of RDS has been
      observed even with a mature lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio, and the efficacy
      of phosphatidylglycerol (PG), a second major surfactant phospholipid, in
      predicting fetal lung maturity remains to be established. In this communication,
      we determined PG and phosphatidylcholine (PC) in 59 samples of amniotic fluid
      obtained from 46 pregnant diabetic patients, based on an enzymatic method
      reported previously. 35 infants who had more than critical PG concentrations
      (0.36 mumoles/dl) were all associated with normal postnatal respiratory function.
      9 out of 10 infants with a PG value lower than this level developed RDS. PG
      values in patients with mild and severe type diabetes were compared with those of
      uneventful pregnant women. The appearance of PG was delayed in mild diabetes
      (Class A, B and C), while it appeared earlier in severe type diabetes (Class D, F
      and R). Determination of catecholamines together with PG in amniotic fluids of
      four pregnant women with diabetes indicated that PG values were closely
      associated with the activities of the fetal adrenergic system. Since an increase
      in adrenergic activity occurs as a response to fetal distress, amniotic fluid PG
      is important not only in assessing fetal lung maturity, but also in managing high
      risk pregnancies such as diabetic patients.

PMID- 4056535
TI  - [Enhancement of irradiation effect in carcinoma of the uterine cervix with the
      administration of protein-bound polysaccharide kureha (PS-K)].
AB  - The combined effect of PS-K, a protein-bound polysaccharide, and radiation
      therapy has been studied in patients with cancer of the uterine cervix. Thirty
      cases (study group) were administered daily 3g. of PS-K throughout the course of
      radiation. Sixty cases (control group) were treated with external cobalt-60
      irradiation alone. All cases were evaluated at the dose of 1,400 rads and 3,000
      rads histologically and colposcopically. Histological evaluations were performed
      on the punch-biopsied specimen in view of Oboshi-Shimosato's classification and
      the rate at which the cancer cell population diminished in the tissues. Tumor
      sizes were measured on the photographs obtained from the colposcopic
      observations. These 3 parameters were recorded, summed up and evaluated. In the
      control group, there was found a good, 31.7%, response, 41.7% moderate response
      and 26.7% poor response in the phase of 3,000 rads. However, those figures were
      calculated to be 60.0%, 36.7% and 3.3% respectively in study group. Hence, the
      administration of PS-K rendered the enhancement of the irradiation effect
      statistical significant (p less than 0.01). Patients were classified into two
      groups: very responsive and less responsive groups. Transition of immunological
      reactivity was analyzed. Peripheral and tissue lymphocytes counts and
      immunological skin test were suppressed in both groups. This can be attributed to
      the immuno-suppression of irradiation exceeding the enhancing effect of PS-K. The
      LMIT (leucocyte migration inhibition test) of the very responsive group was
      maintained up to the completion of the treatment in contrast to the less
      responsive group where it was somewhat suppressed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4056536
TI  - Case report of malignant primary nerve sheath tumor arising in the female pelvis.
AB  - This paper reports a malignant primary nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) which
      originated in the obturator nerve in a 54-year-old woman. That the tumor
      originated in the nerve sheath is supported by the site of occurrence, which was
      consistent with the obturator nerve, an arrangement of cells similar to that in
      schwannoma, and that extracellular basement membrane was noted ultrastructurally.
      This tumor was classified not as malignant schwannoma but as a nerve sheath
      fibrosarcoma because the matrix of tumor tissues contained abundant mucinous
      materials, some tumor cells were fibroblastic, and the clinical change was rapid.
      In general, with plexiform neurofibroma there is a familial manifestation and it
      occurs as a complication of von Recklinghausen's disease, associations not
      demonstrated in this patient. From these findings, this tumor is considered to be
      an extremely rare nerve sheath fibrosarcoma which originated from a malignant
      change in a sporadic and solitary plexiform neurofibroma.

PMID- 4056538
TI  - HCG production of non-trophoblastic cancer cell lines and its modulation by
      sodium butyrate.

PMID- 4056537
TI  - Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary with Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor components
      (gynandroblastoma).
AB  - A rare granulosa cell tumor with Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor components
      (gynandroblastoma) arising in the left ovary was reported in a 63-year-old
      female. Microscopically, the tumor was composed predominantly of granulosa cells
      arranged mainly in a diffuse solid pattern, but in some areas there were a
      trabecular pattern and thecofibromatous stromal components. Also, well
      differentiated Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor elements were present as a minor
      component. The tumor produced, endocrinologically, a large amount of estradiol,
      some androstenedione and a small amount of testosterone. The possibility that
      estradiol in the present tumor was produced predominantly from androstenedione
      via estrone was suggested by the results of an in vitro biosynthetic study.

PMID- 4056539
TI  - [Placental transport of amino acid].

PMID- 4056540
TI  - [Secondary and multiple primary cancers following radiation therapy for cancer of
      the oral region].

PMID- 4056541
TI  - [Anti-tumor effects of the anti-hCG antibody on choriocarcinoma].

PMID- 4056542
TI  - [Experimental and clinical studies of human natural killer cell activity in
      healthy subjects and patients with cancer of the digestive tract].

PMID- 4056543
TI  - [Effect of angiotensin II in intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy of locally
      advanced breast cancer].

PMID- 4056545
TI  - [Abstracts of the twenty-second congress of the Japan Society for Cancer
      Therapy].

PMID- 4056544
TI  - [The oral administration of OK-432. The 5th report: the effects on the
      lymphoproliferative response and natural killer cell activity in mice with
      transplanted cecal tumors].

PMID- 4056546
TI  - [Laryngeal complications following radiotherapy of laryngeal cancer].

PMID- 4056547
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of fluorescein polarization of peripheral lymphocytes (SCM
      test) in the diagnosis of cancer].

PMID- 4056548
TI  - [In vitro sensitivity of human tumor xenografts to cytotoxic drugs in soft agar
      clonogenic assay].

PMID- 4056549
TI  - [Experimental study of the clonogenic assay--with reference to the evaluation
      criteria].

PMID- 4056551
TI  - [Indication of modified radical mastectomy in breast cancer].

PMID- 4056550
TI  - [Intraperitoneal (Ip) high-dose cisplatinum (CDDP) chemotherapy in patients with
      advanced ovarian cancer].

PMID- 4056552
TI  - [Scintillation assay for evaluating chemosensitivities of human tumors--the basic
      principle and clinical utility].

PMID- 4056553
TI  - [Educational lecture on pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease].

PMID- 4056554
TI  - [Evaluation of vectorcardiographic findings for estimating left ventricular
      function in acute myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4056555
TI  - [A case of ankylosing spondylitis complicated with mitral regurgitation].

PMID- 4056556
TI  - [An autopsy case of acute pancreatitis in systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 4056557
TI  - [A case report of secondary Budd-Chiari syndrome due to chronic empyema diagnosed
      by NMR-CT].

PMID- 4056558
TI  - [Progressive systemic sclerosis with pancytopenia, polymyositis and complete
      heart block developing after D-penicillamine therapy: a case report].

PMID- 4056559
TI  - Human pregnancy by in vitro fertilization (IVF) using sperm aspirated from the
      epididymis.
AB  - Spermatozoa were collected by microaspiration from the corpus epididymidis of a
      42-year-old man with secondary obstructive azoospermia and used for in vitro
      fertilization. At insemination 61% of the spermatozoa were motile, with a
      motility index of 157. One of five eggs was fertilized and this was subsequently
      transferred to the patient's wife at the two-cell stage. Ultrasound examination
      and changing hormone levels confirmed an on-going pregnancy, which is currently
      at 30 weeks of gestation. This technique will provide a useful alternative for
      the management of some infertile men with obstructive azoospermia.

PMID- 4056560
TI  - Abnormal chromosome behavior in human oocytes which remained unfertilized during
      human in vitro fertilization.
AB  - Chromosomal abnormalities and abnormal embryonic development have previously been
      observed after human in vitro fertilization (IVF). Chromosomal abnormalities may
      arise not only after fertilization but even earlier during meiotic maturation of
      human oocytes in culture. Since chromosomal analysis is simple in oocytes during
      meiotic maturation, the chromosomal status was analyzed in oocytes which remained
      unfertilized in a human in vitro fertilization program. In 50 fertilization
      attempts the chromosomes of 62 unfertilized oocytes could be analyzed; 45 of them
      were in the process of meiotic maturation. In three oocytes two small polar
      bodies were observed 16-18 hr after insemination in the absence of fertilization.
      In one oocyte abnormal chromosome behavior was found during the first meiotic
      division, and in four oocytes during metaphase of the second meiotic division.
      These data suggest that chromosomal analysis of unfertilized oocytes in human IVF
      may improve the understanding human oocyte maturation and fertilization.

PMID- 4056561
TI  - Successful human pregnancy following in vitro fertilization using frozen semen.
AB  - Frozen-thawed husband's semen was utilized for insemination of spouse's oocytes
      in vitro. Postthaw semen had a low motility (40%) with a poor forward progression
      (+2), which subsequently decreased rapidly in the regularly used Ham's F-10
      medium (pH 7.42, 280 mosmol/kg) supplemented with 7.5% fetal cord serum. When
      Ham's F-10 was supplemented with an additional 0.5 mmol each of magnesium sulfate
      (MgSO4) and potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) at a higher pH (pH 7.69, 280
      mosmol/kg), the sperm maintained their motility and forward progression and
      fertilized all the oocytes, which subsequently cleaved and developed into normal
      embryos. Transfer of these embryos resulted in a normal pregnancy. Our results
      indicate that cryopreserved semen of poor quality can be successfully employed
      for an in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) program, especially when
      MgSO4 and KHCO3 are used in Ham's F-10 at a higher pH.

PMID- 4056562
TI  - Failure of in vitro fertilization and embryo replacement following infection with
      Chlamydia trachomatis.
AB  - Antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis were detected in 54 (47.4%) of 114 infertile
      women attending Bourn Hall Clinic. Antibodies were solely of the IgG class and
      mainly of a low titer, suggesting past infection. Antibodies were found in
      significantly more patients with tubal damage (54.4%) than in women whose
      infertility was due to other causes (16.6%). Seventy-two women completed in vitro
      fertilization, with 52 having three embryos replaced. We found that this
      treatment offered the optimum chance of a pregnancy being established, and 20
      (38.5%) of these women became pregnant. Antibodies to C. trachomatis were present
      in only six (30.0%) of the women becoming pregnant, whereas antibodies were found
      in 21 (65.6%) of those who failed to become pregnant. Thus past infection with C.
      trachomatis halved the success rate of in vitro fertilization in these patients.
      The implications of these findings are relevant to all aspects of infertility
      from prevention to in vitro fertilization treatment.

PMID- 4056563
TI  - Steroid secretion by human oocyte--corona--cumulus complexes associated with
      conceptions following in vitro fertilization.
AB  - Seventy-one oocyte--corona--cumulus complexes (OCCCs) were obtained from eight
      women who conceived and delivered following in vitro fertilization (IVF) and
      eight women who were matched for the number of embryos transferred into the
      uterus but failed to conceive following the procedure. The steroid secretion of
      these OCCCs was assessed during a 24-hr culture period. Intermediate (N = 35) and
      mature (N = 36) complexes did not differ in steroid secretion, and progesterone
      was the major steroid secreted. OCCCs associated with a fertilized oocyte (N =
      59) produced significantly (P less than 0.02) higher levels of progesterone than
      those associated with nonfertilized oocytes (N = 12) (515 +/- 53 vs 231 +/- 70
      ng/OCCC/24 hr) but comparable levels of estradiol (9.17 +/- 1.14 vs 6.55 +/- 2.0
      ng/OCCC/24 hr) and testosterone (0.34 +/- 0.09 vs 0.22 +/- 0.05 ng/OCCC/24 hr).
      Steroid production by OCCCs of oocytes which continued to cleave was not
      different from that of oocytes which did not cleave following fertilization, but
      the estradiol-to-testosterone ratio was significantly higher (31.4 +/- 3.5 vs
      19.1 +/- 3.3; P less than 0.02) in the former group. The degree of cleavage was
      not related to the levels of steroid secretion. Cleaved oocytes associated with
      viable pregnancies (N = 28) were derived from OCCCs which secreted significantly
      less testosterone than those which did not result in a pregnancy following
      transfer (N = 26) (0.27 +/- 0.04 vs 0.41 +/- 0.04 ng/OCCC/24 hr).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4056564
TI  - An unusual cause of failure of in vitro fertilization: report of a case.

PMID- 4056565
TI  - Relationship between body store of vitamin B6 and plasma pyridoxal-P clearance:
      metabolic balance studies in humans.
AB  - Factors that regulate the clearance of plasma pyridoxal-P (PLP) are unknown. Four
      volunteers were given a diet supplying approximately 12 mumol pyridoxine (PN) per
      day. The pharmacokinetics of plasma PLP clearance were measured in these subjects
      before and after 4 weeks of intravenous PN supplementation (122 mumol/day).
      Urinary B6 excretion, mainly as 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA), increased progressively
      after initiation of PN supplementation until a new steady state was reached on
      day 10 of supplementation, whereupon greater than 93% of the daily injected PN
      could be recovered in the urine. Hence, urinary excretion is almost the sole
      route for vitamin B6 elimination. Fasting plasma PLP concentration increased with
      supplementation and also reached a new steady state at this time. When
      supplementation was terminated, urinary B6 excretion decreased in 5 days to an
      amount only slightly higher than that before supplementation. This amount was
      maintained for 2 months. By comparison, plasma PLP decreased more slowly and
      remained considerably higher than the presupplementation level for the rest of
      the study. These data confirm that urinary 4-PA excretion is a better indicator
      of B6 intake than is plasma PLP content, whereas plasma PLP content is a better
      indicator of the body store of the vitamin. Plasma clearance and volume of
      distribution of PLP decreased significantly after supplementation, but half-life
      t 1/2 did not change. Plasma clearance of PLP, therefore, is dependent on the
      vitamin B6 status of an individual.

PMID- 4056566
TI  - Sodium morrhuate stimulates granulocytes and damages erythrocytes and endothelial
      cells: probable mechanism of an adverse reaction during sclerotherapy.
AB  - Stimulated by a patient with dyspnea, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia after
      sodium morrhuate sclerotherapy, we studied the effect of this agent on the plasma
      coagulation and complement systems, the formed elements of the blood, and
      cultured human endothelial cells. The addition of sodium morrhuate to citrated
      plasma did not cause clotting or shorten the prothrombin time or partial
      thromboplastin time. Incubation of a 1:100 dilution of the clinical sodium
      morrhuate preparation in heparinized plasma led to a modest rise in [C3a]. The
      addition of the drug (dilutions 1:50 to 1:300) to granulocytes caused prompt
      aggregation (and, at the higher concentrations, granulocyte cytotoxicity [trypan
      blue exclusion; lactate dehydrogenase release]), but the same dilutions failed to
      aggregate platelets. However, 0.05% morrhuate added to washed red blood cells
      caused a prompt 84.0% (+/- 0.8% SEM) hemolysis, rendering the supernatant buffer
      a potent platelet aggregant. Not only was this sclerosing agent toxic to
      granulocytes and red cells, but a 1:1000 dilution of the drug also caused the
      destruction of 35.5% (+/- 6.6%) of cultured endothelial cells as measured by
      chromium 51 release. Three other agents in current use (ethanolamine oleate,
      sodium tetradecyl sulfate, and polidocanol) were studied and found to cause
      effects qualitatively similar to those of sodium morrhuate. We conclude that
      these drugs cause phlebosclerosis not primarily through induction of plasma
      coagulation, but by directly damaging endothelium and red cells, triggering
      platelets, and aggregating granulocytes at the venous wall endothelium. These
      effects likely derive from the surfactant properties of sodium morrhuate as well
      as its high arachidonate content.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4056567
TI  - Immunoglobulin E and other immunoglobulins in patients with eosinophilic pleural
      effusions.
AB  - Paired serum and pleural fluids from seven patients with eosinophilic pleural
      effusions (EPE) and seven control patients with noneosinophilic exudative pleural
      effusions (non-EPE) were quantitatively assayed for IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE. A
      comparison of the absolute serum values, pleural fluid values, and pleural
      fluid/serum concentration ratios obtained for each immunoglobulin, including IgE,
      failed to detect any significant differences in the two groups. It is concluded
      that IgE in exudative effusions reflects passive filtration and diffusion from
      serum and that immunoglobulin concentrations have no apparent value when
      assessing EPE.

PMID- 4056569
TI  - Effect of hepatic failure toxins on liver thymidine kinase activity and ornithine
      decarboxylase activity after massive necrosis with acetaminophen in the rat.
AB  - After massive liver injury with acetaminophen, subcoma doses of hepatic failure
      toxins (NH+4, dimethyl disulfide [----methanethiol], octanoic acid) depressed
      liver thymidine kinase (TK) activity by 78%, 85%, and 90%, respectively, and
      ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity by 40%, 83%, and 78%, respectively. Twenty
      four hours after the last dose of the toxins the depressant effects were still
      evident. The doses of dimethyl disulfide and octanoic acid required for these
      depressant effects on TK activity were less than half those required for similar
      effects previously reported after two-lobe hepatectomy of normal rat liver. The
      dose of NH+4 required was not reduced. None of the toxins depressed ODC activity
      after the hepatectomy, in contrast to their depressant effects after
      acetaminophen. Thus doses of the hepatic failure toxins that were about one
      fourth to one half those needed to induce coma in normal rats inhibited activity
      of regenerative enzymes after acute massive liver injury with acetaminophen. The
      effects were persistent for at least 24 hours. These observations may have
      relevance to the lack of regeneration observed commonly after fulminant hepatic
      failure in humans.

PMID- 4056568
TI  - Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on the canine cardiovascular system.
AB  - Our purpose was to determine the effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
      (VIP) on the cardiovascular system with special emphasis on coronary vascular
      effects. In section I, VIP was infused into six healthy and six cobalt
      cardiomyopathic dogs at two infusion rates (0.02 and 0.05 micrograms/kg/min).
      Left ventricular end diastolic pressure and mean systemic pressure fell
      significantly in both groups. Heart rate rose in both, and maximum systolic dP/dt
      increased in the myopathic group. Cardiac output and regional blood flows were
      determined by serial left atrial injections of radioactive 15 +/- 3 mum (mean +/-
      SD) microspheres. In both groups, blood flow increased significantly to the
      esophagus, pancreas, atria, and ventricles and to the endocardial and epicardial
      regions of the left ventricular free wall. Blood flow to the brain decreased. In
      section II, VIP was infused intravenously at 0.1 micrograms/kg/min into six
      anesthetized dogs with coronary sinus flow, pulmonary artery, and systemic artery
      catheters inserted. Cardiac index rose from baseline (3.1 +/- 0.5 to 4.8 +/- 1.3
      L/min/m2, P less than 0.005), as did coronary blood flow (90 +/- 25 to 159 +/- 54
      ml/min, P less than 0.005) during the VIP infusion. Myocardial oxygen consumption
      rose from 14.1 +/- 3.9 to 19.8 +/- 5.4 ml/min (P less than 0.001), but the aorta
      to-coronary sinus O2 difference decreased from 157 +/- 19 ml/L to 132 +/- 42 ml/L
      (P less than 0.05), and the percent O2 extracted from coronary blood also
      decreased significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4056570
TI  - Effects of genetic obesity on renal structure and function in the Zucker rat.
AB  - Although hyperphagia and obesity in the Zucker rat strain have been reported to
      be associated with spontaneous focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS), little is known
      about the age of onset and the natural history of hypertension, albuminuria,
      renal function, and glomerular injury in this model. We systematically
      investigated renal structure and function in obese male Zucker rats. Lean male
      littermates were used as controls. Obese rats developed glomerular mesangial
      matrix expansion and albuminuria by 14 weeks of age. These changes occurred
      despite normal inulin clearance (2.2 +/- 0.6 ml/min obese vs. 2.0 +/- 0.4 ml/min
      lean, P greater than 0.1) and filtration fraction (0.32 +/- 0.08 obese vs. 0.34
      +/- 0.06 lean, P greater than 0.1), suggesting that increased glomerular
      filtration and renal plasma flow were not a prerequisite for the development of
      FGS. By 28 weeks of age, FGS was evident in seven of eight obese rats, and at 68
      weeks of age all obese rats had marked FGS. Mean systolic blood pressure was
      elevated by 11 to 25 mm Hg in obese rats at all ages. Although the pathogenesis
      of glomerular injury is unknown, our data demonstrate that microalbuminuria, mild
      hypertension, and mesangial matrix expansion precede the development of
      progressive FGS in obese Zucker rats.

PMID- 4056571
TI  - Effects of genetic obesity on renal structure and function in the Zucker rat. II.
      Micropuncture studies.
AB  - The obese Zucker rat is a model of nonimmune glomerular disease characterized by
      spontaneous proteinuria and focal glomerulosclerosis. Mechanisms important in the
      pathogenesis of glomerular injury in obese Zucker rats are unknown, but may
      involve hemodynamic and metabolic factors. Micropuncture studies of superficial
      nephron function were performed prior to the development of FGS in male obese
      Zucker rats and lean littermates 9 to 13 weeks of age. Compared with lean
      littermates, obese Zucker rats demonstrated small increases in superficial
      nephron glomerular filtration rate (32.3 +/- 2.3 nl/min vs. 27.8 +/- 2.0, P
      greater than 0.05) and plasma flow (87.1 +/- 7.2 nl/min vs. 79.0 +/- 5.1, P
      greater than 0.05). Intraglomerular hydraulic pressures were not significantly
      different between groups. Despite similarities in superficial nephron glomerular
      function, obese Zucker rats displayed increases in glomerular area and mesangial
      matrix. These morphologic changes occurred in both superficial and deep nephrons.
      We conclude that increases in glomerular pressures and flows are not a
      prerequisite for the initiation of glomerular injury in the obese Zucker rat.

PMID- 4056572
TI  - Risk factors for death during a heat wave.

PMID- 4056573
TI  - Cerebral resuscitation of infants and children. Guidelines for the management of
      acute brain failure.

PMID- 4056574
TI  - Experience with the Artificial Sphincter 800 in patients with severe urinary
      incontinence.

PMID- 4056576
TI  - Physician criteria for evaluating alternative delivery systems.

PMID- 4056575
TI  - Medical malpractice legislation--the Kentucky experience.

PMID- 4056577
TI  - Post-laryngectomy pharyngo-cutaneous fistulae.
AB  - A personal series of 66 total laryngectomy cases is presented with special
      reference to post-operative fistula formation. The incidence of fistulae was 7.4
      per cent. We could not verify previous reports that any specific factors were
      significantly related to fistula formation and we feel that operative technique
      and the post-operative drainage of any fluid collection under the flaps, are the
      most important ways of reducing the complication of a fistula to a minimum.

PMID- 4056578
TI  - Otorrhoea as a presenting feature of a spontaneous round window rupture in a
      patient with Meniere's disease.

PMID- 4056579
TI  - Tumour-associated hypophosphataemic osteomalacia occurring in a patient with an
      odontogenic tumour of the maxilla.

PMID- 4056580
TI  - Primary Ewing's sarcoma of the ethmoid bone.
AB  - Primary Ewing's sarcoma of the ethmoid bone has not been previously described.
      This case presented as a mass at the nasal bridge and posed diagnostic and
      therapeutic difficulties. The clinical, radiological, macroscopic and microscopic
      features are described. The treatment by the combined therapies of cranio-facial
      resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are discussed.

PMID- 4056581
TI  - Olfactory groove meningioma following radiation therapy for
      esthesioneuroblastoma.

PMID- 4056582
TI  - Rhabdomyosarcoma of soft palate: a case of late relapse.
AB  - A patient with pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma of the soft palate is reported. The
      long disease-free interval is due to the success of the combined modalities of
      treatment and the late relapse is probably related to the biological activity of
      the tumour.

PMID- 4056583
TI  - Laryngeal bilharzia.

PMID- 4056584
TI  - Cervical hibernoma. Review of the literature and a new case.
AB  - Hibernoma is the designation for a rare, benign, soft-tissue tumour composed of
      cells similar to those of brown adipose tissue. Review of the world literature
      reveals about 80 cases, but only six hibernomas in the cervical region have
      previously been reported. A case of cervical hibernoma showing descending
      behaviour is presented, and the histological, histogenetical, and clinical
      features of hibernomas are discussed. It is stated that the tumours are
      adequately treated by local excision, as the neoplasms are histologically and
      clinically benign, but the extensive vascularity may cause troublesome bleeding
      in some instances.

PMID- 4056585
TI  - Osteomyelitis in the head and neck.
AB  - Since the advent of antibiotics osteomyelitis in the head and neck is relatively
      uncommon and the condition has become a sort of medical curiosity. In the last 16
      years, only three cases have been seen by the second author. It is the purpose of
      this paper to present these cases from our experience and to show that control
      and cure may only be achieved by early diagnosis, appropriate antibiotic therapy
      and, where necessary, by radical surgery with the excision of all diseased bone
      and with prolonged use of antibiotics post-operatively. In cases of diagnostic
      difficulties the use of scintigraphy is advisable. Established osteomyelitis of
      the frontal bone necessitates CAT scanning of the cranium to exclude
      intracerebral extension.

PMID- 4056586
TI  - Drill-generated noise levels in mastoid surgery.

PMID- 4056587
TI  - A cranio-facial approach to large osteomas of the fronto-ethmoidal region.

PMID- 4056588
TI  - Upper airway manifestations of primary ciliary dyskinesia.

PMID- 4056589
TI  - Failure of intubation in acute inflammatory airway obstruction in childhood.
AB  - At the present time, viral laryngotracheobronchitis, (LTB), and bacterial
      epiglottitis account for the majority of cases of acute infectious upper airway
      obstruction in children. This airway obstruction may become life-threatening and
      require relief either by tracheotomy or by nasotracheal intubation. Recently the
      trend has been away from tracheotomy and towards intubation. Three cases are
      reported in this paper, in which intubation by experienced anaesthetists proved
      impossible, and a life-saving tracheotomy was immediately performed by the
      otolaryngologist in attendance. It is recommended that an experienced
      otolaryngologist should always be present at the time of intubation, should it
      prove impossible, and the child require emergency tracheotomy to secure the
      airway.

PMID- 4056591
TI  - Aural tuberculosis: a series of 25 patients.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with thirty ears affected by tuberculosis of the middle ear
      cleft were diagnosed and treated at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, during the
      years 1972 to 1983. This series is a sequel to the series of 1967 to 1971 and
      reported by Sellars and Seid (1973). The classical disease presentation will be
      reviewed and compared to that found in our patients. The modern trends in
      diagnosis and management will be discussed. The emphasis is on early diagnosis
      and treatment in an eminently curable disease.

PMID- 4056590
TI  - Multiple primary tumours in laryngeal cancer.
AB  - In a series of 1,389 cases of laryngeal cancer, multiple primary malignancies
      were found in 138 cases, 9.94 per cent. In these 138 patients, the most frequent
      sites of occurrence were the stomach and lung. Nine cases of triplicated
      malignancies and two cases of quadruplicate malignancies were found, and all died
      from the cancers. So-called radiation induced cancers were found in the 13 cases,
      showing a tendency toward field carcinogenesis or multicentric carcinogenesis. In
      76 per cent of multiple primary tumours, the second or third tumour was the cause
      of death. The importance of inquiry regarding other malignancies in treatment and
      follow-up of laryngeal cancer was discussed. To obtain better survival of
      laryngeal cancer patients, early diagnosis and early treatment of the second
      primary tumours is essential.

PMID- 4056592
TI  - The changing pattern of mastoid abscess.

PMID- 4056593
TI  - Facial electroneurography: results on normal humans.
AB  - Electroneurography (ENoG) is one of the tests recently introduced for the
      clinical analysis of facial paralysis. Right-left facial differences, test-retest
      variability and differences between the first and the last CAPs after 25
      consecutive stimuli were studied in 24 normal subjects. Significant inter-subject
      right-left differences were not found. Intra-subject results show an average
      variation of 25 per cent in the amplitude between either side of the face. Test
      retest variability is minimal both for the amplitude and for the latency (3.15
      per cent and 1.9 per cent respectively). No differences in amplitude or in
      latency were found between the first and last compound action potentials gathered
      after 25 consecutive stimuli.

PMID- 4056594
TI  - Preoperative embolization in paediatric maxillofacial haemangiomas.

PMID- 4056596
TI  - Surgery of sialorrhoea.
AB  - The drooling that accompanies motor neurone disorders adds to the burden of an
      individual already severely handicapped socially. Control of this problem can be
      achieved by a number of measures, such as the surgical repositioning of the
      salivary gland ducts and by use of medical or surgical means of reducing salivary
      production. Nineteen patients aged 5 to 9 years, with excessive drooling as a
      result of perinatal brain damage, have been treated surgically at Groote Schuur
      Hospital, Cape Town, by bilateral tympanic neurectomies, unilateral chorda
      tympani nerve section and contralateral submandibular gland excision. In all 19,
      salivary flow was reduced and the drooling problem significantly improved. No
      post-operative complications occurred.

PMID- 4056595
TI  - Aspects of mandibular reconstruction.
AB  - We present in this paper the indications for bony reconstruction following
      mandibular resection, together with evaluation of the reconstructive techniques
      available. Case reports illustrate methods we have found satisfactory and are
      followed by our recommendations for their specific use.

PMID- 4056597
TI  - Treatment of the drooling child by submandibular duct transposition.
AB  - Drooling is frequently a major problem in the neurologically damaged child, and
      carries a considerable social stigma. Current methods of treatment are reviewed,
      and the authors' experience using the technique of bilateral submandibular duct
      transposition in a series of 25 consecutive cases is evaluated. The operation is
      technically straightforward, with a high success rate and low morbidity, and is
      considered to be the procedure of choice.

PMID- 4056598
TI  - Tuberculous laryngitis--a one year harvest.
AB  - We present nine patients with tuberculous laryngitis seen in our otolaryngology
      out-patient department during the year of 1983. Four patients were previously
      diagnosed as having pulmonary tuberculosis and were receiving or had received
      treatment for the complaint prior to our consultation. Of the nine patients,
      eight had positive chest X-rays for pulmonary tuberculosis. Three patients were
      known to have positive sputum results; in three patients the result was not
      known, whilst in the remaining three patients the result was recorded as
      negative. Biopsies done on four patients were compatible with the diagnosis of
      tuberculous laryngitis. Two of these four were undisputedly confirmed by the
      presence of Acid-fast Bacilli on histological sections. Two patients demonstrated
      permanent structural derangement of the larynx as end-result manifestations. The
      incidence, site and appearance of the lesions, diagnosis and treatment are
      discussed.

PMID- 4056599
TI  - Auricular complications of acupuncture.

PMID- 4056600
TI  - Nasal tooth.

PMID- 4056601
TI  - Solitary neurogenic sarcoma of the nose.

PMID- 4056602
TI  - Ectopic meningioma of the nose and paranasal sinuses (report of a case).

PMID- 4056603
TI  - Dysphagia due to cervical spondylosis.
AB  - Dysphagia from mechanical obstruction by osteophytes is rare. It is most
      important to investigate cases fully to rule out an alternative pathology. We
      describe a case of dysphagia resulting from cervical osteophytes interfering with
      epiglottic retrovertion. As far as we are aware, this has not been previously
      described.

PMID- 4056604
TI  - Misleading normal findings after the inhalation of a radio-opaque foreign body.

PMID- 4056605
TI  - Tracheostomy sinuses. Case reports of an internal and external sinus.

PMID- 4056606
TI  - Branched and polycystic thyroglossal duct anomaly.
AB  - An unusual thyroglossal duct anomaly characterized by a branched tract
      terminating in two separate cysts is described. The patient presented with a long
      standing fistula following previous incomplete excision. Thyroglossal cysts are
      common congenital anomalies (Moussatos and Baffes, 1963; Allard, 1982), which do
      not usually present any diagnostic difficulty. However, they may sometimes
      present with unusual clinico-pathological features. In this report we describe a
      branching and polycystic thyroglossal duct abnormality occurring in a young woman
      with a history of previous surgery for a midline cervical mass.

PMID- 4056607
TI  - Multiple acinic cell carcinoma. Some histological and ultrastructural features of
      a case.
AB  - A case is presented of multiple acinic cell carcinoma, occurring synchronously in
      the left parotid gland and in the right submaxillary gland of a 75-year-old male
      patient. Fourteen cases of primary multiple acinic cell carcinoma have previously
      been reported, all bilateral parotid gland tumours. To our knowledge this is the
      first report of extraparotid localization of an acinic cell carcinoma in a
      patient presenting multiple salivary gland tumours. The histologic and
      ultrastructural characteristics of the tumours are described and a review of the
      literature is given.

PMID- 4056608
TI  - Learning disabilities resource room teachers and students: competent for what?

PMID- 4056609
TI  - Validation of a learning disability index (LDI) derived from a principal
      components analysis of the WISC-R.

PMID- 4056610
TI  - The kinesthetic approach to teaching: building a foundation for learning.

PMID- 4056611
TI  - Administrative support for mainstreaming learning disabled students.

PMID- 4056612
TI  - Appraisal practices in the public schools.

PMID- 4056613
TI  - Learned helplessness: perceived effects of ability and effort on academic
      performance among EH and LD/EH children.

PMID- 4056614
TI  - Subclinical lead level and developmental deficit: re-analyses of data.

PMID- 4056615
TI  - Stimulus-control factors in search performance of hyperactive children.

PMID- 4056617
TI  - [Carotid surgery, indications, results and perspectives].
AB  - A series of 215 patients who had undergone 250 carotid artery operations were
      followed up for a mean of 30 months. Perioperative mortality was 2%, neurologic
      morbidity was 7% but with permanent sequelae in 1.39% of cases. Recurrence of
      stenosis was detected in 0.8% of patients but there were no cases of
      postoperative thrombosis. Indications for surgery were based on the existence of
      hemispheric ischemic accidents corresponding to the territory supplied by the
      artery operated upon, and on anatomic and evolutive arguments drawn from results
      of non-invasive review examinations: ultrasonography and Doppler. Results
      obtained: 81.9% of patients were asymptomatic after 30 months, appear to be
      superior to those of the natural history of carotid artery lesions.

PMID- 4056616
TI  - [Evaluation of intermittent claudication using a treadmill with measurement of
      systolic pressure at the ankle following exercise].
AB  - Intermittent claudication (IC) and maximum walking distance (MWD) were studied in
      173 patients and compared to post-stress Doppler claudicant ankle pressure
      (PSCAP) and to ankle index (PSCAI) recorded 2 minutes after exercise. Self
      evaluation of MWD by the patient was inaccurate in 60% of cases. The treadmill
      testing (at 12% of rate and 2 miles/hour) exhibited a clinically overt IC in 93
      cases with MWD of 166 m +/- 76, a PSCAP of 24 mm Hg +/- 24 and a PSCAI of 0.17 +/
      0.17. A clinically questionable IC occurred in 50 cases with significantly
      higher values (p less than 0.001) for MWD (278 m +/- 75) PSCAP (52 mm Hg +/- 24)
      and PSCAI (0.34 +/- 0.16). In 30 cases without IC after 400 m on treadmill, the
      PSCAP (81 mm HG +/- 26) and the PSCAI (0.57 +/- 0.18) were significantly (p less
      than 0.001) higher than in IC groups and related to milder iliofemoral stenosis.
      Overall reproducibility of MWD (mean = 190 m +/- 90) with 2 or 3 repeated
      measures in 75 cases, was 10.8% +/- 8.6 with large individual variations. Overall
      reproducibility of PSCAP after standardized treadmill testing in 42 cases was 6.5
      +/- 5.3 (range of CV = 0 to 16%). A variation of PSCAP of more than 15 mm Hg is
      considered significant at level 0.01. It is concluded that overt IC with foot
      pallor and PSACP at 40 mm Hg or less reflects actual and reproducible MWD
      (especially below 300 m).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4056618
TI  - [Severe ischemia caused by femoro-popliteal thrombosis. Endarterectomy using a
      pneumatic oscillator].
AB  - Autologous saphenous vein bypass is the best treatment for severe ischemia with
      femoro-popliteal thrombosis. But in over 20% of cases a vein is not available.
      Patency rates after prosthetic grafts are low. Therefore we have tested femoro
      popliteal endarterectomy with the Hall arterial oscillator. This instrument is
      composed of loops (size: 5-12 mm) and of a pneumatic oscillator. All the length
      of the artery has to be exposed. The endarterectomy is started with a spatula and
      is then performed with the oscillating loops. Three arteriotomies are usually
      necessary to remove the total core. After the arterial vacuity has been checked,
      the distal intima is tacked down and the arteriotomies are closed with or without
      a venous patch angioplasty. Thirteen patients have been operated on. All of them
      were high risk patients. They were submitted to surgery for rest pain, distal
      gangrene or acute ischemia. During the post-operative period, one death and 4
      thromboses occurred, the latter leading to major amputation with two subsequent
      deaths. Early results of the 8 other patients were good. Mean follow-up was ten
      months. Limb salvage was achieved in 7 patients out of 8,6 of them with patent
      artery and 1 with an occluded artery. Run off was an essential condition for
      patency. The best results were achieved when distal arteries were patent. But
      some success occurred in spite of a poor run off. This technic is an useful and
      money saving alternative for severe ischemia associated with femoro-popliteal
      thrombosis when autologous vein is not available.

PMID- 4056619
TI  - [Results of 68 revascularizations of the arteries of the leg].
AB  - Results with 68 infra popliteal revascularization inversed autogenous grafts are
      subjected to life table analysis. The patency rate at 1, 3 and 5 years are 63.8%,
      53.5% and 43.7%. This procedure allowed limb salvage in 78.5% (13 years follow
      up).

PMID- 4056620
TI  - [180 aorto-bifemoral bypasses for chronic occlusive arteritis].
AB  - In the authors' experience, 180 aorto-bifemoral by-pass grafts represent 42.4% of
      all reconstructive operations for aorto-iliac atheromatous disease performed
      between 1st January 1972 and 1st July 1983. 37% of the patients presented a
      threatened amputation and 38.8% had a walking distance of less than 100 metres.
      The immediate post-operative mortality (1st month) was 2.2% (4 patients). The 5
      year survival, expressed according to the actuarial method, was 89% and the
      patency was 91%. The long-term functional deterioration was due to a progressive
      alteration of the distal vascular bed and to complications: false aneurysms
      (2.2%), prosthetic infections (1%), aorto-intestinal fistulae (2.2%), thrombosed
      prostheses (7.3%). 7 complementary femoro-popliteal by-pass grafts (4%) and 13
      major amputations (7.4%) were required. The authors stress the value of
      performing end-to-end aortic anastomoses rather than side-to-end anastomoses. The
      anastomoses should be well isolated from the gastrointestinal tract. The patients
      should be rigorously followed post-operatively and any complication detected
      should be treated actively.

PMID- 4056621
TI  - [Physical characteristics of stripping veins preserved at 4 degrees C and usable
      as artery substitutes].
AB  - The mechanical behavior of varicosis veins harvested during stripping and
      preserved at 4 degrees C has been investigated by measuring the compliance, the
      yield strain, the yield stress and the longitudinal Young's modulus. No
      relationship has been demonstrated between those parameters and external factors
      such as age, sex, storage duration and bacteremic contamination. The mechanical
      behavior of such veins is unpredictable. Therefore, it is mandatory to proceed
      through individual and non-destructive quality control tests to obtain a
      selection of grafts suitable for implantation. Moreover, implantation should be
      oriented towards patients who are able to visit the hospital frequently since the
      healing capacity of the venous homograft is unpredictable.

PMID- 4056623
TI  - The uses and abuses of life table methods in vascular surgery.

PMID- 4056622
TI  - [Initial results at 6 months of the embolization of the deep dorsal vein of the
      penis in erectile insufficiencies of venous origin].

PMID- 4056624
TI  - The direct connections of the C2 dorsal root ganglia in the Macaca irus monkey:
      relevance to the chiropractic profession.
AB  - In order to assess the direct connections of the C2 Dorsal Root Ganglion, the
      right ganglion in each of three Macaca Irus Monkeys was injected with labelled 3H
      leucine. After survival times of 24 hours and autoradiographic techniques, the
      slides were read using light and dark field microscopes and mapped onto enlarged
      cross sectional drawings. Results show labelling into the lateral cervical
      nucleus, the central cervical nucleus and caudal to C5 of the spinal cord.
      Cephalad projections were into the medullary nuclei: cuneatus, lateral cuneatus,
      nucleus tractus solitarius, intercalatus, and X of the vestibular system. The
      relevance to chiropractic therapeutics is outlined, and this data will be used in
      a later paper to outline the office routine for assessing vertigo/dizziness of
      cervical origin.

PMID- 4056625
TI  - Chiropractic concepts of the short leg: a critical review.
AB  - There have been relatively few subject areas within the chiropractic profession
      which have led to such widespread misunderstanding, confusion and controversy.
      This paper will attempt to examine the research surrounding the development of
      our current state of understanding concerning the many factors affecting the
      short leg. Traditionally, research surrounding the short leg has moved in several
      discreet directions. The first has been toward determining a reliable
      radiographic method used for measuring structural short legs. Many papers have
      been published here; included would be the work of Heufelder, Farinet, Giles,
      Nylander, Manganiello, Marstander, Wettstein, Schilgen and many others. Most tend
      to center upon use of new instrumentation or use of precise radiographic methods,
      usually involving femoral head views in some form or other. Another direction the
      research has taken is into an examination of how the presence of short leg
      affects biomechanics in both stance and ambulation. Further, investigation here
      have also centered upon how short leg may alter spinal growth and growth of other
      bones. I would include here the work of Giles, Pokorna, Moseley, Shapiro,
      Freiburghaus and Friberg. Other areas of research include diagnosis, therapy and
      correction. I leave for last a discussion on reliability studies. A major tenant
      of some chiropractic therapies involves the use of measurement of "functional"
      short leg. Though procedures for making such measurement are in the public
      domain, there is no proof within the literature that such exists. There have been
      done reliability studies attempting to show repeatability of measurement. Results
      have been mixed at best. I would note here the work of De Boer, Venn and
      Wakefield, Nichols and others. In all, this is an area under rapid and fairly
      extensive examination, with a wealth of previous papers available for perusal.

PMID- 4056626
TI  - Review of the literature supporting a scientific basis for the chiropractic
      subluxation complex.
AB  - A review of the literature reveals strong evidence for both the mechanical model
      of disease production (structural) and the neurobiological model (functional).
      Outdated models which attempt to describe a scientific basis for chiropractic
      theory are inadequate and indeed harmful to the progress and acceptance of
      chiropractic. Pragmatic or empirical arguments that "Chiropractic works and
      that's what counts" have served a useful purpose, but now must be augmented by
      extant research findings. The "paradigm shift" is on. Research investigators
      around the world are focusing on the multiple components of the chiropractic
      subluxation complex (CSC), a definitive, provable clinical entity. No longer can
      "informed" critics support the accusation that "chiropractic practice is based
      upon irrational, untenable premises." Only a few more pieces of the puzzle need
      to be fitted into place to produce the "big picture," i.e., the vertebral column
      is one of the most neglected vital organs in the human body--the sine qua non of
      the neurobiomechanical system--which influences every structure and function.
      Historically, its role in maintaining health has been almost totally ignored and
      for nearly a century chiropractors have battled against the consequences of this
      neglect. The scientific community is about to see that chiropractic is leading
      the way in discovering the "new world" in health care. Past, present and future
      research is discussed.

PMID- 4056627
TI  - Application of lead-acrylic compensating filters in chiropractic full spine
      radiography: a technical report.
AB  - X-raying the entire spinal column in the standing position in a single exposure
      (mainly the AP projection) is an often-used chiropractic radiography procedure
      which has also found some application in medical scoliosis screening program.
      Aside from any controversy of clinical objectives or medical necessity, the
      primary agreed-upon requisite for such procedure is twofold; achieving the best
      possible film image quality with the least amount of radiation exposure to the
      patient. A popular method of accomplishing this objective is by the use of
      collimator-attached devices designed to selectively filter the primary x-ray beam
      in accordance with regional variations of body thickness and/or density. This
      study was conducted to evaluate the use of a new lead-acrylic filter system (a
      prior model of which had previously been evaluated for its use in medical
      radiography) under specialized chiropractic conditions. In comparison to other
      available systems, it was concluded that this new system; a) is generally
      equivalent in its radiation dose reduction capabilities; b) is capable of
      producing full spine radiographs with good to above average image quality; and c)
      is appreciably easier to use.

PMID- 4056629
TI  - Urobehavioral intervention in the rehabilitation of lower urinary tract
      dysfunction: a case report.
AB  - A case study illustrates the usefulness of behavioral analysis and paradoxical
      strategy in the treatment of life-long urgency incontinence in a cerebral palsy
      patient. Volitional increase in diurnal enuresis appeared to result in rapid
      (within 5 days) acquisition of continence. From pretreatment to 13 month follow
      up interview, the weekly wetting frequency decreased from an average of 25 to 0.5
      episodes. Symptom rehearsal is believed to have interrupted the typical
      pathobehavioral sequence between the urge to void and micturition.

PMID- 4056628
TI  - Upper extremity dyskinesis: a case report.
AB  - A case is presented demonstrating upper extremity dyskinesis. Dyskinesia is a
      kinesiopathology of both hyper and hypomobility. Hyper and hypomobility of the
      spine are discussed and the theory of this extremity dyskinesia is examined. The
      necessity for a thorough and complete biomechanical evaluation is emphasized
      before successful treatment can be initiated.

PMID- 4056630
TI  - Benign osteoblastoma of the atlas: a case report.
AB  - Benign Osteoblastomas are uncommon tumors which make up approximately 1 percent
      of all bone tumors. The distribution of the tumor demonstrates a high incidence
      for spinal involvement. This case report shows an osteoblastoma in a somewhat
      unusual location of the cervical spine, the posterior arch of the atlas.

PMID- 4056631
TI  - Screen design and visual evoked potentials.
AB  - In this paper we present a method to complement the sophisticated mathematical
      analyses on screen designs. The use of an objective measure of screen "goodness"
      is employed, namely, the Visual Evoked Potential (VEP) of the humans performing
      the test. After the screen is designed, the text on the screen is transformed
      into an intensity pattern using a recursive algorithm. This intensity pattern is
      used as a stimulus to obtain wave forms from the scalp of the subject, and the
      wave forms are analyzed as to their frequency content. A 2-D Fourier transform of
      the screen design is performed and the frequency components of the power spectrum
      are compared to the frequency components of the wave form. Our results indicate
      that when a "balanced" and well-designed screen is used as a stimulus, the second
      harmonic of the VEP wave form is always smaller than the first harmonic. The
      implications of such an analysis are discussed.

PMID- 4056632
TI  - Field trial of short course chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis: results at
      30 months.

PMID- 4056633
TI  - Solitary thyroid nodule.

PMID- 4056634
TI  - Investor-owned and not-for-profit hospitals. A comparison study in Bangkok, 1981.

PMID- 4056635
TI  - Diarrhea in measles.

PMID- 4056636
TI  - Oral amyloidosis and gastrointestinal-motility dysfunction in amyloidosis
      associated with multiple myeloma.

PMID- 4056637
TI  - Aplastic anemia following topical administration of ophthalmic chloramphenicol:
      report of a case and review of the literature.

PMID- 4056638
TI  - Lateral cervical fistula.

PMID- 4056639
TI  - Tuberculous duodeno-colic fistula.

PMID- 4056640
TI  - Milk and health.

PMID- 4056641
TI  - Hemoglobin E frequencies of Pootai and So tribes, northeast Thailand.

PMID- 4056642
TI  - Intravesical formalin instillation in intractable bladder hemorrhage.

PMID- 4056643
TI  - A clinic model for a better tuberculosis treatment outcome and factors
      influencing compliance.

PMID- 4056644
TI  - The androgenic activities of nandrolone phenylpropionate and nandrolone decanoate
      in comparing to testosterone propionate.

PMID- 4056645
TI  - External quality assessment in parasitology. Thailand, 1984.

PMID- 4056647
TI  - Recurrent Aeromonas hydrophila septicemia, a case report.

PMID- 4056646
TI  - Gastric ameboma, a complication of amebic liver abscess: a case report.

PMID- 4056648
TI  - Possible factors influencing unsuccessful protection of post-exposure prophylaxis
      for rabies by human diploid cell vaccine.

PMID- 4056649
TI  - Three-dimensional reconstruction of the open canalicular system of human
      platelets by means of high-voltage electron microscopy.

PMID- 4056650
TI  - 172nd meeting of The Society for Endocrinology. 27-29 November 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4056651
TI  - The effects of behaviourally relevant temperatures on mechanosensory neurones of
      the grasshopper, Schistocerca americana.
AB  - Grasshopper mechanosensory hair neurones respond to displacement of their
      associated hairs in a temperature sensitive manner: comparable increases in the
      number of spikes per stimulus result from increases in temperature with constant
      stimulus strengths and from increasing stimulus strengths at constant
      temperature. It is therefore not obvious that neurones in the CNS which receive
      inputs from mechanosensory hairs would be able to distinguish between these two
      parameters. The temperatures which populations of mechanosensory hairs on the
      thorax, head and tarsus experienced were measured in freely moving animals.
      Animals in thermally heterogeneous environments spent 90% of the accounted time
      in locations where thoracic temperatures of 32-44 degrees C were maintained (the
      behaviourally 'preferred' range). Head temperatures covered a wider range, and
      tarsal temperatures the widest. Different populations of mechanosensory hair
      neurones exhibited different sensitivities to temperature. Thoracic hair neurones
      were significantly more temperature sensitive than one of the two populations of
      head hairs studied, and tarsal hairs exhibited a pronounced temperature
      compensation in the behaviourally 'preferred' range. Wind sensitive head hairs,
      however, showed exceptionally high temperature sensitivities. There is a negative
      correlation between the temperature sensitivity of a population of mechanosensory
      hair neurones and the temperature variability to which those neurones are
      normally exposed. Implications of this correlation for the central interpretation
      of mechanosensory input are considered.

PMID- 4056652
TI  - Habituation of swimming activity in the medicinal leech.
AB  - Tactile stimulation (light stroking) of a body wall flap attached to the ventral
      nerve cord of the medicinal leech evokes episodes of swimming activity. This
      swimming response undergoes habituation, involving changes in swim initiation and
      swim maintenance. Repeated stimulation of the body wall flap evoked swimming
      activity between three and 39 times before this response failed. During
      repetitive stimulation, the length of swim episodes decreased by about 50%. The
      number of swim episodes which could be elicited was not correlated with swim
      episode length. Following habituation, swim initiation showed significant
      spontaneous recovery, but swim episode length returned only to 60% of control
      values. In preparations where spontaneous recovery was followed by rehabituation,
      the number of swim episodes elicited declined with each habituation-recovery
      sequence. Additional stimulation immediately following habituation trials had a
      dual effect: recovery of the swimming response was delayed, but the lengths of
      swim episodes following spontaneous recovery were increased. Pinching the body
      wall flap immediately restored the swimming response in an habituated
      preparation. Swim initiation habituated more rapidly during stimulation of
      anterior body wall flaps than during stimulation of mid-body or posterior flaps.
      However, swim length was independent of this regional variation in swim
      responsiveness. The number of swim episodes elicited by stimulation of body wall
      flaps attached to posterior or anterior segments depended upon whether this
      segment was stimulated before or after other flaps. In contrast, in mid-body
      segments there was no evidence for such stimulus generalization. The lengths of
      swim episodes elicited during sequential stimulation of several body wall flaps
      were independent of the stimulation sequence. We propose that separate processes
      control swim initiation and swim maintenance. These processes must be repeated in
      most, if not all, of the segmental ganglia of the leech ventral nerve cord.

PMID- 4056653
TI  - Partitioning of body fluids and cardiovascular responses to circulatory
      hypovolaemia in the turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans.
AB  - Investigations were conducted (1) to measure the steady state compartmentation of
      body fluids and (2) to assess the efficacy of blood volume and pressure
      maintenance during haemorrhage-induced hypovolaemia in the pond turtle, Pseudemys
      scripta elegans. The pre-haemorrhage blood volume, as determined by tracer
      dilution of 51Cr-labelled erythrocytes, averaged 6.89 +/- 0.33% of the body mass,
      and was part of comparatively large extracellular (40.2 +/- 0.70%) and total body
      fluid volumes (75.25 +/- 1.48%). Turtles exhibited progressive reductions in
      systemic arterial pressure throughout a cumulative haemorrhage of -48% of their
      original blood volume, despite dramatic increases in heart rate and comparatively
      large magnitudes of transcapillary fluid transfer from interstitial to
      intravascular spaces. Arterial blood pressure returned to pre-haemorrhage values
      2h after experimental haemorrhage ceased, concomitant with the restoration of the
      original blood volume. Our results support arguments made in previous studies
      that the resistance to fluid movement between vascular and extravascular
      locations in reptiles is comparatively low. Furthermore, the haemodynamic
      responses of turtles to experimental hypovolaemia suggest that barostasis through
      adjustments in vascular tone is less effective than that observed in other
      reptiles.

PMID- 4056654
TI  - Serotonin modulates the central pattern generator for locomotion in the isolated
      lamprey spinal cord.
AB  - The central pattern generator for locomotion in the spinal cord of the lamprey
      can be activated in vitro by the addition of D-glutamate to the bathing saline.
      Serotonin has no effects when bath-applied alone, but it modulates the D
      glutamate-activated swimming pattern. Three major effects are observed: a dose
      dependent reduction in the frequency of rhythmic ventral root burst discharge;
      enhancement of the intensity of burst discharge, due in part to the recruitment
      of previously inactive motoneurones; prolongation of the intersegmental phase
      lag. Motoneurone activation appears to result from enhanced synaptic drive from
      the central pattern generator; no direct effects of serotonin on the motoneurones
      themselves (resting potential, input resistance or threshold for action potential
      generation) were observed. Theoretical and experimental studies suggest that the
      prolongation of the intersegmental phase lag results at least in part from
      differential effects of serotonin on segmental oscillators in different parts of
      the spinal cord. Isolated caudal pieces of the cord were more strongly affected
      by serotonin than isolated rostral pieces. We propose that serotonin may be an
      endogenous modulator of the central pattern generator for locomotion in the
      lamprey. It may have a role in the generation of a family of related undulatory
      movements (swimming, crawling, burrowing) by a single central pattern generator.

PMID- 4056655
TI  - Locomotor activity of the terrestrial slug, Limax maximus: response to
      progressive dehydration.
AB  - The circadian locomotor rhythm of the terrestrial slug, Limax maximus, was
      measured with activity wheels during exposure to both humid and drying
      conditions. Slugs kept in wet wheels (100% RH) remained fully hydrated while
      those in dry wheels (less than 30% RH) experienced progressive dehydration.
      Transfer of slugs from a wet wheel to a dry wheel resulted in an increase in the
      intensity and duration of their patterned locomotor activity that persisted for 3
      days. Once the slugs were returned to wet wheels, their locomotor activity
      returned to normal.

PMID- 4056656
TI  - Effect of limb mass and its distribution on the energetic cost of running.
AB  - Functional morphologists have traditionally regarded cost of locomotion as an
      important influence on the design of locomotor structures. If cost of locomotion
      is an important constraint in the natural selection of these structures, it
      should be possible to show that animals differing in limb morphology also differ
      in their locomotor costs. In previous experiments on three species of cursorial
      mammals differing considerably in limb structure, no such differences were
      detected. Since the factors that determine the rate of energy consumption of a
      running animal are not well understood, we felt that the effect of limb
      morphology on cost could best be examined in a system in which only the inertial
      properties of limbs were varied while other factors remained constant.
      Consequently, we have measured changes in the rate of energy consumption of
      running human subjects produced by artificial alterations in limb inertial
      properties. Other variables that might influence cost have been controlled. We
      found that the cost of adding a given mass to the limbs is significantly greater
      than adding it to the centre of mass and that this effect becomes more pronounced
      as the limb loads are moved distally. Thus a clear effect of limb mass and its
      distribution on cost of locomotion has been demonstrated.

PMID- 4056657
TI  - Plasticity and proprioception in insects. I. Responses and cellular properties of
      individual receptors of the locust metathoracic femoral chordotonal organ.
AB  - The metathoracic femoral chordotonal organ is a joint angle receptor of the
      locust hindleg. It consists of 45-55 bipolar sensory neurones located distally in
      the femur and mechanically coupled to the tibia. Responses of receptors of the
      organ were examined by extracellular and intracellular recording. The organ as a
      whole encodes the angle of the femorotibial joint but shows substantial
      hysteresis. Tonic activity is greatest at the extremes of joint position. The
      organ possesses no direct linkage to tibial muscle fibres and shows no response
      to resisted muscle contractions in most ranges of joint angle. However, responses
      to extensor muscle contractions are obtained when the tibia is held in full
      flexion due to specializations of the femoro-tibial joint. These responses could
      be of importance in signalling preparedness for a jump. Intracellular soma
      recordings of activity in individual receptors indicate that the organ contains
      two types of receptors: phasic units that respond to joint movement and tonic
      units that encode joint position and also show some response to movement. All
      units are directionally sensitive and respond only in limited ranges of joint
      angle. Some phasic units increase firing frequency with increasing rate of
      movement and thus encode joint velocity. Other phasic units fire only single
      action potentials and can encode only the occurrence and direction of joint
      movement. All tonic units increase activity in the extremes of joint position and
      show substantial hysteresis upon return to more median positions. Direct soma
      depolarization produces different responses in different types of units: phasic
      receptors show only transient discharges to current injection; tonic receptors
      exhibit sustained increases in activity that are followed by periods of
      inhibition of background firing upon cessation of current injection. Receptors of
      the chordotonal organ are separable into two major groups, based upon their
      response characteristics, soma location and dendritic orientation: a dorsal group
      of receptors contains tonic units that respond in ranges of joint flexion (joint
      angle 0-80 degrees) and phasic units that respond to flexion movements; a ventral
      group of sensilla contains tonic units active in ranges of joint extension (joint
      angle 80-170 degrees) and phasic receptors that respond to extension movements.
      The response properties of these receptors are discussed with reference to the
      potential functions of the chordotonal organ in the locust's behavioural
      repertoire.

PMID- 4056658
TI  - Plasticity and proprioception in insects. II. Modes of reflex action of the
      locust metathoracic femoral chordotonal organ.
AB  - Reflex responses of tibial motoneurones were examined during mechanical
      stimulation of the femoral chordotonal organ, a joint angle receptor of the
      locust hindleg. Step displacements of the main ligament of the organ, mimicking
      10-15 degree changes in joint angle, produced different patterns of discharge in
      motoneurones (1) when the leg was resting against a support and (2) when the
      support was removed to induce active searching movements. Tibial motoneurones
      showed resistance reflex responses to oppose the apparent joint movement when the
      leg rested against a support. Resistance reflexes consisted of constant, short
      latency excitatory responses followed by discharges that varied in intensity
      (gain) and degree of tonic coupling. These variations were not due to simple
      summation with other inputs to motoneurones. Responses changed during periods of
      active searching movements. Tibial flexor motoneurones fired phasically in
      response to apparent joint movement in any direction. Tibial extensor
      motoneurones were generally inhibited by chordotonal inputs. These reflex changes
      are not simple reflex 'reversals', but represent more complex changes in reflex
      mode. Potential functions of each of these reflex modes and the need for
      plasticity in reflexes of the chordotonal organ are discussed.

PMID- 4056659
TI  - Establishment of the DU.528 human lymphohemopoietic stem cell line.
AB  - We have established the DU.528 cell line from the pretreatment leukemia cells of
      a patient who underwent a T lymphoblastic-to-promyelocytic phenotype conversion
      during treatment with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, deoxycoformycin. The
      cell line and clones obtained from it by limiting dilution have the same
      karyotype previously found in the patient's pretreatment T lymphoblasts and post
      deoxycoformycin treatment promyelocytes. DU.528 cells in continuous culture for
      greater than 2 yr display a predominant undifferentiated T lymphoblastoid
      phenotype. These cells spontaneously generate progeny of at least three lineages,
      T lymphoid, granulocytic/monocytic, and erythroid. The surface marker most
      consistently expressed by DU.528 cells in the undifferentiated state is the 3A1
      antigen, which has been found on prothymocytes in the embryonic thymus. Some
      undifferentiated DU.528 cells also expressed the IL-2 receptor, but no other T
      cell differentiation antigens. Exposure of DU.528 cells to a variety of agents
      induced myeloid maturation; adenosine and deoxyadenosine, in the presence of
      deoxycoformycin, induced expression of myeloid differentiation antigens. Our
      results suggest that DU.528 is a lymphohematopoietic stem cell line and support
      the hypothesis that differentiation of pluripotent stem cells may be altered by
      genetic deficiency of adenosine deaminase. DU.528 cells may provide a useful
      model for examining factors that regulate stem cell proliferation and
      differentiation.

PMID- 4056660
TI  - Transfection of a rat cell line with the v-Ki-ras oncogene is associated with
      enhanced susceptibility to natural killer cell lysis.
AB  - Transfection of the v-Ki-ras oncogene into rat-1 fibroblasts resulted in the
      establishment of cell lines that were transformed, tumorigenic, and sensitive to
      lysis by natural killer (NK) cells. Characterization of effectors indicated that
      the killing was not related to Lyt-1+ or Lyt-2+ cells (T cells) but was
      associated with cells bearing NK markers (asialo GM1, NK-1.2+, and NK-2.1+).
      Transfected targets were also killed by cloned NK lines. The transformation
      determinants on rat-1 transfectants cross-competed with YAC 1.2 lymphoma cells,
      suggesting a common target structure on these two diverse cell types. The results
      indicate that the NK surveillance system can recognize and kill cells newly
      transformed by a member of the ras oncogene family.

PMID- 4056661
TI  - Catecholamines in the plasma and urine of patients with alcoholic liver damage
      under resting and exercise conditions.
AB  - Heart rate and plasma catecholamines were determined in 16 patients with
      alcoholic fatty liver and 14 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver. The
      measurements were performed at rest and after exercise on the bicycle ergometer,
      on average 11 days after admission to hospital. In comparison with a control
      group, the mean heart rate of the patient group was significantly increased at
      rest and under graduated loading. Significantly increased plasma catecholamine
      concentrations under resting conditions were observed in both groups of patients,
      the increase being more pronounced in the cirrhotics (increased with progressive
      liver damage, significant differences being found between the control group and
      each of the two groups of patients). During exercise under a load of 50 or 100
      watts, the increases in adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine concentrations
      were greatest in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. With reference to the initial
      values, however, the increases in concentration were identical in all three
      groups. In the patients, metabolism of the catecholamines remained unchanged
      after an average of 11 days abstinence from alcohol; they showed a significantly
      diminished elimination of vanillylmandelic acid in the urine and, compared with
      the greatly elevated plasma catecholamine levels, they showed only a moderate
      increase in the excretion of catecholamines. The results reported here support
      the assumption that changes in catecholamine metabolism compatible with an
      increased sympathetic activity are present in chronic alcoholics without advanced
      liver damage.

PMID- 4056662
TI  - An evaluation of six solid-phase thyrotropin (TSH) kits.
AB  - This article describes an objective evaluation of six thyrotropin (TSH) kits. One
      was a radioimmunoassay kit taken for comparison, three were immunoradiometric
      assays and one was an immunoenzymometric assay. The laboratory internal
      immunoluminometric assay for thyrotropin was used to measure the concentrations
      of thyrotropin in the kit standards using a standard curve of WHO 68/38
      international reference preparation in serum from a thyrotoxic patient as matrix.
      The in-house assay was used to demonstrate the "sensitivity" to citrated plasma
      and the fact that kit standards could only measure "correctly" when used in its
      own kit. The study was carried out in a "blind" way, the assayist and organiser
      not knowing from which of the four groups under test (blood donors - serum and
      citrated plasma, thyroliberin-test and thyroid outpatient clinic patients) the
      samples came until the study had been completed. The immunometric assay kits were
      able to differentiate statistically between euthyroid and untreated hyperthyroid
      patients, although one IRMA kit (Kit F) had a large "grey zone" where both
      euthyroid and hyperthyroid patients overlapped. Compound precision profiles
      covering the range 0-5 mU/l thyrotropin were good, a mean coefficient of
      variation under 5% within the range 0.5-5 mU/l being demonstrated by 3
      immunometric assays. The immunometric assay kit with the most cumbersome
      methodology showed, as was to be expected, the worst precision. The euthyroid
      ranges for thyrotropin were similar in 3 immunometric assay kits using the WHO
      68/38 reference material as calibrator (Kits C and E, 0.25-3 mU/l) and correlated
      well with one kit using the 2nd IRP (NIBSC 80/558) as calibration material (Kit D
      0.33-4 mU/l), although the results were around 30% higher in Kit D. The second
      kit (Kit A) using the 2nd IRP material as calibrator gave identical values with
      the kits using the WHO 68/38 reference thyrotropin-preparation for calibration
      purposes. In a further kit (Kit F) it was stated that both thyrotropin
      international reference preparations gave rise to identical serum values when
      used as calibrators. The thyroliberin-test may have an additional role to play in
      monitoring returning pituitary function in thyrotoxic patients under treatment as
      the immunometric assay kits were easily able to measure a thyrotropin difference
      of 0.5 mU/l in the range 0-1 mU/l. The conventional radioimmunoassay (Kit B) was
      unable to match the precision and sensitivity of the better immunometric assay
      kits in the range under 1 mU/1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4056663
TI  - Multi-centre evaluation of the urine test strip analyser Rapimat.
AB  - A multi-centre evaluation of the test strip analyser, Rapimat, was performed by
      four laboratories following the ECCLS 2nd draft guidelines for the evaluation of
      analysers in clinical chemistry. Using the Rapignost urine test strip with the
      test fields for bilirubin, urobilinogen, acetoacetate, ascorbic acid, glucose,
      protein, nitrite, pH and haemoglobin, the Rapimat was found to be analytically
      reliable in comparison with other, in most cases quantitative procedures. During
      the observation period of about 6 months no breakdown occurred in any laboratory.
      Interferences and sensitivity as discussed for the bilirubin and urobilinogen
      test field are more related to the test strip than to the instrument. Several
      improvements for further developments are suggested. This multi-centre study has
      shown that the ECCLS protocol is applicable to analytical procedures leading to
      discrete results.

PMID- 4056665
TI  - The public perception of physicians.

PMID- 4056664
TI  - International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC), Scientific Committee,
      Analytical Section. Guidelines (1985) for classification, calculation and
      evaluation of conversion rates in clinical chemistry.

PMID- 4056666
TI  - Disability assessment.

PMID- 4056667
TI  - Diet and constipation.

PMID- 4056668
TI  - Vitamin and mineral usage in adult family practice patients.

PMID- 4056669
TI  - Severe cerebral injury and brain death: management of the patient's family.

PMID- 4056670
TI  - Development of a decision aid for women choosing a method of birth control.
AB  - The choice of a contraceptive method is complex and difficult. This study
      identifies issues for concern for women in selecting a birth control method,
      examines the accuracy of a self-administered questionnaire based upon these
      outcomes in predicting actual use, and in a preliminary fashion evaluates the
      usefulness of such an instrument as a decision aid. A questionnaire was designed
      to assess women's perceptions of the likelihood of each issue of concern for four
      birth control methods--oral contraceptives, intrauterine device (IUD), diaphragm,
      and foam or condoms--as well as the relative value of each issue. It was then
      tested among a convenience sample of 106 women. A weighted score was constructed
      by combining likelihood and value estimates for each contraceptive method. The
      method with the highest score was compared with actual contraceptive use and the
      intention to use such methods in the future. Positive predictive values were
      highest for pill use (83 percent) and lowest for IUD use (40 percent). While 65
      percent of the sample were satisfied with their current method, 60 percent also
      found the questionnaire helpful. This attitude was most prevalent among younger,
      unmarried women. A decision aid for contraceptive decision making appears to be
      reasonably predictive of actual contraceptive use and helpful in thinking about
      the choice of a birth control method.

PMID- 4056671
TI  - Continuity of care during pregnancy: the effect of provider continuity on
      outcome.
AB  - Continuity of care during pregnancy was examined in a family practice residency
      setting. The effect of provider continuity on the rate of pregnancy complications
      and patient satisfaction was studied prospectively in a sample of 61 patients.
      Patients in this study placed relatively low value on continuity of care.
      Pregnancy complications were predicted by traditional prenatal risk factors.
      Perceived waiting time in the office had the greatest effect on patient
      satisfaction. Provider continuity had no significant effect on either outcome.

PMID- 4056672
TI  - Fluoride prescribing patterns among primary care physicians.
AB  - Fluoride supplement prescribing habits of US Air Force primary care physicians
      were studied. A questionnaire was sent to all active duty Air Force
      obstetricians, family physicians, and pediatricians assigned within the
      continental United States. Few obstetricians and family physicians in the Air
      Force currently prescribe prenatal fluoride supplements. The majority of
      respondents are skeptical of its efficacy or state that local water contains
      adequate amounts. Only 2.5 percent of all physicians question prenatal fluoride's
      safety. Fluoride supplements for breast-feeding infants are correctly prescribed
      by 80 percent of pediatricians and 54 percent of family physicians (P = .0002).
      Pediatricians more often know the local concentration of fluoridated water and
      more readily prescribe fluoride for children of all ages. Primary care
      physicians, especially family physicians, are in an excellent position to
      practice caries prevention. The survey results indicate a need for more physician
      education on the current issues and proper use of fluoride supplements.

PMID- 4056673
TI  - The research environment in family practice.
AB  - Both the place of family practice in academic medicine and the intellectual
      underpinning of the specialty itself are thought by many to depend on the
      development of successful research programs in academic departments of family
      medicine. Yet many believe less research than desired is being done in such
      departments, even by faculty trained in research. To gain additional information
      on this important subject, a survey was conducted of the departmental research
      experiences of 42 graduates of the several Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Family
      Practice Academic Fellowship Programs who had had the opportunity for at least
      one year of faculty experience. The responses indicate that the majority of such
      graduates spend 20 percent or less of their time in research, that most perceive
      administrative duties as interfering with research, that a minority have budgeted
      research time, and few have departmental research funds. Despite these obstacles,
      those who do research publish with surprising frequency, about one paper per
      fellow per year. Several ways are presented to improve the research environment
      in departments of family practice and to lead to even more productive, secure
      research activities of these and other family practice faculty.

PMID- 4056674
TI  - Impact of family practice literature of record on other medical literature.

PMID- 4056675
TI  - Thermoregulatory responses to photoperiod by kangaroo rats (Dipodomys ordii):
      influence of night lighting on nonshivering thermogenesis and resting metabolism.
AB  - The influence of photoperiod on resting oxygen consumption and nonshivering
      thermogenesis of winter-acclimatized kangaroo rats was determined by exposing
      freshly captured animals to 10-week controlled photoperiod treatments. Three
      treatments were employed: 1) long days (LD) = 16L:8D, 2) short days (SD) =
      8L:16D, and 3) short days interrupted with 15 min light at midnight (SDL).
      Thermoneutral oxygen consumption was uninfluenced by treatment, and posttreatment
      values were not different from pretreatment values. Below thermoneutrality, mean
      values for oxygen consumption and norepinephrine(NE)-induced thermogenesis each
      were significantly greater in the SD group than they were in either the LD or SDL
      groups. Furthermore, oxygen consumption of LD and SDL groups, and NE-induced
      thermogenesis of LD and SDL groups were indistinguishable. Posttreatment oxygen
      consumption and NE-induced thermogenesis of the SD group were not different from
      pretreatment values. These results indicate that thermogenic capacities of
      kangaroo rats are strongly influenced by photoperiod. The similarities of
      responses by the LD and SDL groups indicate that the length of the dark period is
      of importance, and indirectly support suggestions that the pineal gland, through
      its nocturnal secretion of melatonin, may be involved in the transduction of
      photic information.

PMID- 4056676
TI  - Regrowth of amputated velvet antlers with and without innervation.
AB  - The influence of removing portions of the growing antler of yearling red deer
      stags on subsequent regeneration of the antler in the same season was studied.
      The influence of the innervation of the antler on such regeneration was the
      subject of a further study. When the top 0.5-1 cm was removed from antlers 9-17
      cm long, growth was slightly reduced in that season. When the antler/pedicle
      length was reduced to 6-10 cm in antlers 16-38 cm long, branched antlers regrew
      in 11 out of 13 cases provided the amputation was carried out early in the
      growing season, i.e., before mid-December. Denervated antlers were shorter,
      lighter, and of different shape compared with controls, but they were of similar
      density. Denervation was confirmed histologically. Cleaning of velvet and casting
      of antlers following castration were unaffected by denervation. It would appear
      that although nerves affect the size and shape of the antler, they are not
      essential to the actual control of antler growth and regeneration.

PMID- 4056677
TI  - Necessity of an adequate nerve supply for regeneration of the amputated pectoral
      fin in the teleost Fundulus.
AB  - The present work deals with determination of the threshold of nerve fibers per
      unit of amputation surface necessary for regeneration of the pectoral fins of a
      teleost, Fundulus. Partial denervation of the amputated pectoral fins, i.e.,
      resection of one or two of the three nerves of the brachial (=pectoral) plexus
      revealed that the presence of a single one allows the amputated fin to
      regenerate. From these data and others obtained previously, it is concluded that
      the nervous requirements for a teleost fin to regenerate are similar or slightly
      lower than those for tetrapods, for example in the newt, which are capable of
      appendage regeneration.

PMID- 4056678
TI  - Changes in polyamine synthesis and concentrations during chick embryo
      development.
AB  - We have measured the activities of the two rate controlling enzymes in polyamine
      synthesis, L-ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosyl-L-methionine
      decarboxylase (SAMDC), and the concentrations of the polyamines, putrescine,
      spermidine and spermine, in the developing chick embryo from laying to hatching.
      The embryo exhibited major peaks in the ODC and SAMDC activities as well as in
      the concentrations of all three polyamines at 15 h (gastrulation), 23-30 h (early
      organogenesis), days 4-5 (mid-organogenesis), and days 12-17 (organ growth and
      maturation). In the 4 and a half-day-old embryo, ODC activity and polyamine
      concentrations were about twice as high in the head region as compared to the
      trunk region. In the 14-day-old embryo, the highest ODC and SAMDC activities were
      found in lung, intestine and kidney, and there was a positive correlation between
      the enzyme activities and the growth rates of most organs/tissues.

PMID- 4056679
TI  - X-ray micro analyses of cations (Na, K, Ca) and anions (S, P, Cl) in uterine
      secretions during blastocyst implantation in the rat.
AB  - The mass changes of sodium, potassium, and calcium ions in the rat uterine
      secretion at blastocyst delay, activation, and attachment have been estimated
      with X-ray microanalyses of samples of uterine secretions absorbed by small
      Sephadex beads. A quantification of the ions was attempted by using a
      standardized coat of gold on the beads as a reference element for normalization
      of the ion peaks and by fitting the normalized values into corresponding linear
      regression equations obtained from measurements of step-wise dilutions of a
      control rat serum. The concentrations of sodium observed at delay, activation,
      and attachment were 117, 201, and 203 mEq/l, respectively, and those of potassium
      were 6, 18, and 19 mEq/l, respectively. Calcium values were about 2 mEq/l and
      decreased at attachment. Among the anions, only the chloride concentration
      increased at activation and attachment.

PMID- 4056680
TI  - Surface of the rooster spermatozoon changes in passing through the Wolffian duct.
AB  - Fluid secreted by the rooster Wolffian duct contains several proteins separable
      on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and isoelectric focusing (IEF) gels.
      Antibodies against these fluid components were obtained by immunizing rabbits,
      and the IgG fraction was then purified. As judged by indirect immunofluorescence,
      purified IgG against rooster duct fluid did not bind to any testicular
      spermatozoa. However, it bound distinctly to the whole surface of spermatozoa
      from the initial (epididymal) region and more intensely to all spermatozoa from
      the mid- and terminal regions of the Wolffian duct of the rooster, though not at
      all to mature duck or pigeon spermatozoa. Thus, in the rooster, as in therian
      mammals, the surface of the spermatozoon clearly acquires specific components
      secreted by the Wolffian duct. It should not be assumed that such surface change
      in rooster spermatozoa is entirely comparable, in a functional sense, to that
      undergone by mammalian spermatozoa, in which this seems directly related to
      fertilizing ability. Unlike those of mammals, rooster spermatozoa do not seem to
      require capacitation, and some spermatozoa in the testis already are competent to
      fertilize. Components acquired in the Wolffian duct by the rooster spermatozoon
      may bear on other aspects, perhaps sperm transport and/or survival in the female.

PMID- 4056681
TI  - Unusual features of sperm ultrastructure in the musk shrew Suncus murinus.
AB  - The spermatozoon of the Musk shrew Suncus murinus displays unusual fine
      anatomical features. In the head, the equatorial segment of the acrosome is
      recessed within a waist in the sperm nucleus in a way that could afford some
      protection for this fusogenic region, perhaps during penetration of the egg
      vestments. The perinuclear material has distinctive inner and outer regions, the
      latter being arranged as a series of coxcomblike spikes. These structures in
      Suncus could serve to anchor its characteristically giant acrosome to the sperm
      nucleus. In the tail, small aggregations of electron dense material appear
      against some centriolar triplets and also, proximally, against some axonemal
      doublets. In the midpiece, prominent satellite material aggregates proximally
      over the inner border of the dense fibers. More distally, the material maintains
      a close relationship with and primarily lies between the corresponding axonemal
      doublets and dense fibers 5 and 6, the latter being positioned asymmetrically in
      relation to the remaining dense fibers.

PMID- 4056682
TI  - Chicken developmental antigens: analysis of erythroid populations with monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - Fusions were performed between the mouse PAI myeloma cell line and spleen cells
      from Balb/c mice immunized with intact erythrocytes from 1-day Cornell K-strain
      White Leghorn chickens. Following single cell cloning, four hybridoma clones were
      found to secrete erythroid specific monoclonal antibodies. Based on its pattern
      of reactivity, the antibody (IgG2a, kappa) secreted by clone 10C6 detects a
      specific avian oncodevelopmental antigen associated with the hematopoietic
      system: chicken fetal antigen (CFA). Two other clones, designated as 3F12 and
      4C2, produced antibodies (IgM, kappa) that recognize another avian developmental
      antigen: chicken adult antigen (CAA). A fourth clone, 9F9, produced an antibody
      (IgM, kappa) that reacts with all peripheral erythrocytes from both Japanese
      quail and chicken regardless of age. Clone 10C6 antibody apparently detects an
      erythrocyte specific (ES) determinant of CFA associated with determinant #8 while
      antibodies of clones 3F12 and 4C2 recognize a chicken specific determinant of
      CAA. Analysis by complement mediated microcytotoxicity indicated that the
      epitopes detected by 10C6 vs 3F12 and 4C2 antibodies were expressed on
      erythrocytes in a reciprocal fashion during development. Furthermore, strain
      variations in the incidence of erythrocytes carrying these epitopes were
      observed. The usefulness of these monoclonal antibodies for the study of
      erythroid populations is discussed.

PMID- 4056683
TI  - A possible effect of the Na+ concentration in oviductal fluid on amino acid
      uptake by cleavage-stage mouse embryos.
AB  - Two- and four-cell mouse embryos exhibited both Na+-dependent and Na+-independent
      components of zwitterionic alpha-amino acid transport, which we tentatively
      ascribe to the A and L amino acid transport systems, respectively. Uptake of
      taurine was virtually all Na+-dependent and is probably via the beta system. Na+
      independent L-lysine uptake by two-cell embryos may have been via system y+. The
      small amount of lysine transport which was Na+-dependent (30% of the total) could
      not be attributed to any well known transport system and may have been due to the
      early ontogenetic expression of a newly described transport system which
      predominates in preimplantation blastocysts. We conclude that the rate of Na+
      dependent amino acid transport in two-cell mouse embryos could be significantly
      affected in situ by changes in the [Na+] which are known to occur in oviductal
      fluid.

PMID- 4056684
TI  - Electrophoretic patterns of hemoglobin and oxygen binding properties of blood of
      anostomidae fishes from Parana-Pardo-Grande hydrographic basin (Sao Paulo State,
      Brazil).
AB  - The electrophoretic patterns of hemoglobin (Hb) and the functional properties of
      blood of seven migratory fish species, in two different kinds of habitat during
      both the rainy and dry seasons, were studied. All species showed multiple
      hemoglobins and very similar electrophoretic patterns except for Schizodon
      nasutus, which showed two cathodal components. The functional properties of blood
      reflect those electrophoretic patterns, since all species showed very little or
      no Bohr effect during each situation studied. Data on Leporinus obtusidens blood
      (during the rainy season), from both lotic and lentic environments, showed a
      normal Bohr effect (phi = -0.073). Similarly, Schizodon nasutus and Leporinus
      friderici from a lotic environment during the dry season were compared and showed
      a reverse Bohr effect (phi = 0.042). In the other 14 situations, only Leporinus
      elongatus from a lentic environment during the rainy season showed a
      statistically significant difference in log P50 values from the other fishes.

PMID- 4056685
TI  - Adrenergic responses of the cardiovascular system of the eel, Anguilla australis,
      in vivo.
AB  - Heart output, arterial pressures, and heart rate were measured directly in
      conscious unrestrained eels (Anguilla australis) and responses to intra-arterial
      injection of adrenaline monitored. Adrenaline increased systemic vascular
      resistance, heart output, and cardiac stroke volume in all animals. In some cases
      small transient decreases in stroke volume and hence heart output were seen at
      the peak of the pressor response: These probably reflect a passive decrease in
      systolic emptying due to increased afterload on the heart. In most cases,
      adrenaline produced tachycardia; but two animals showed consistent and profound
      reflex bradycardia, which was accompanied by a concomitant increase in stroke
      volume such that heart output was maintained or increased slightly. The
      interaction of changes in heart output and systemic vascular resistance produced
      complex and variable changes in arterial pressure. There was no consistent
      pattern of changes in branchial vascular resistance. Atropine treatment in vivo
      revealed vagal cardio-inhibitory tone in some animals and always blocked the
      reflex bradycardia seen during adrenaline induced hypertension. In some animals,
      adrenaline injection after atropine pretreatment led to the establishment of
      cyclic changes in arterial pressure with a period of about 1 min (Mayer waves).

PMID- 4056686
TI  - Nerve repair and behavioral recovery following brain transplantation in Notoplana
      acticola, a polyclad flatworm.
AB  - Although Notoplana acticola, a marine polyclad, cannot regenerate brain tissue,
      neuronal repair is rapid. Brains were transplanted into decerebrate flatworms to
      determine the anatomical patterns and functionality of neural connections
      established between a new brain and the peripheral nerve network of the recipient
      animal. Sixty-nine transplants were performed. Four brain transplant orientations
      were used: normal, reversed, inverted, and reversed inverted. The functionality
      of the transplanted brains was tested and measured using both behavioral and
      electrophysiological criteria. Within 23 days, 56% of the transplants that
      survived and retained the transplants recovered the four behaviors tested:
      righting behavior, avoidance turning, ditaxic locomotion, and feeding. Nerves
      exiting the brain tended to join with the peripheral nerves closest to them.
      Anatomical connections were made within 24 hr of surgery. Some normal behavior
      was seen within the first 36 hrs after surgery. Control decerebrate worms did not
      recover behavior. Preliminary intracellular recordings from three types of
      identified brain sensory interneurons, in transplants, revealed normal
      electrophysiological properties and this implied that appropriate connections
      with peripheral sensory cells had been reestablished. Intracellular dye-marking
      of these neurons in reverse-oriented brains revealed that, although individual
      nerve processes apparently leave the brain and associate with inappropriate nerve
      cords, some of the processes turn 180 degrees to reinervate nerve cords, which
      they normally occupy in unoperated animals. Thus, although anatomical and
      functional neural connections apparently were made rapidly following brain
      transplantation, the specificity of the reconnections remains to be shown.

PMID- 4056687
TI  - Melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) effects on teleost (Chrysiptera cyanea)
      melanophores.
AB  - The in vitro biological actions of synthetic chum salmon melanin concentrating
      hormone (MCH) on melanophores of the blue damselfish (a teleost), Chrysiptera
      cyanea, were studied. This cyclic heptadecapeptide stimulated melanosome (melanin
      granule) aggregation (centripetal migration) within melanophores at a threshold
      concentration of about 10(-10) M. The action of this putative hormone was not
      blocked by alpha- or beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. It was concluded that the
      effects of MCH were direct and were not mediated indirectly through the actions
      of adrenergic neurotransmitters released from nerve terminals. Further evidence
      for this view comes from the observation that, unlike the case of
      neurotransmitter release, melanosome aggregation in response to MCH proceeded in
      the absence of calcium. The possible role of MCH in the control of color change
      of teleost fishes is discussed.

PMID- 4056689
TI  - Plasma and pituitary prolactin levels in rainbow trout during adaptation to
      different salinities.
AB  - The development of a highly specific radioimmunoassay for salmonid prolactin
      (PRL) using chinook salmon PRL allowed us to study plasma and pituitary PRL
      profiles in large sedentary rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) transferred from
      fresh water to seawater and vice versa. Plasma osmotic pressure and chloride
      levels were also measured for 3 weeks following change of salinity. Within 1 day
      after transfer to full seawater we observed a plasma PRL decrease, which stayed
      significantly lower (3-5 ng/ml) than the fresh water control group (10-15 ng/ml)
      during the entire experiment. Pituitary PRL content showed an initial abrupt
      increase, but after 3 weeks in seawater pituitary PRL content had decreased to
      the same level as in the fresh water control group. On the contrary, transfer
      from seawater to fresh water was followed within 1 day by a rise in plasma PRL
      levels, which stayed high (10-15 ng/ml) after 3 weeks in fresh water.
      Simultaneously, pituitary PRL content decreased significantly. These results may
      indicate an important role of PRL in fresh water adaptation of sedentary rainbow
      trout.

PMID- 4056688
TI  - The 3, 4-didehydroretinal chromophore of goldfish porphyropsin.
AB  - The isomeric configuration of the 3,4-didehydroretinal chromophore of goldfish
      porphyropsin was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and
      by the regeneration of this visual pigment with authentic isomers of 3,4
      didehydroretinal. A nonisomerizing, quantitative method using hydroxylamine and
      methylene chloride was employed to extract the 3,4-didehyroretinal chromophore
      from the rod outer segment membrane (containing the porphyropsin). When this
      extracted chromophore was injected into the HPLC, only a single major peak was
      observed and this peak coeluted with the authentic 11-cis 3,4-didehydroretinyl
      oxime. This suggests that the chromophore of goldfish porphyropsin is 11-cis 3,4
      didehydroretinal. When the bleached rod outer segments (containing the opsin)
      were incubated with different 3,4-didehydroretinal isomers (13-cis, 11-cis, 9
      cis, and all-trans), only the 11-cis isomer resulted in the degeneration of
      porphyropsin. This also suggests that the porphyropsin chromophore exists in the
      11-cis configuration.

PMID- 4056691
TI  - Inhibition of nuclear maturation in fully grown porcine and mouse oocytes after
      their fusion with growing porcine oocytes.
AB  - Porcine ovarian oocytes, isolated from follicles of 5 mm in diameter (large
      oocytes), were fused either together or with oocytes isolated from follicles of
      0.5 mm in diameter (small oocytes). In giant cells composed of two large oocytes
      (control) germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) occurred and two metaphase I
      chromosome sets (M I) were observed 24 to 30 h after fusion. By contrast, in
      giant cells composed of one large and one small porcine oocyte, both germinal
      vesicles (GVs) remained well conserved after 24-30 h of culture. An identical
      situation was observed after fusion and cultivation of small porcine and large
      mouse oocytes isolated from preovulatory follicles. The results demonstrate the
      presence of inhibiting activity in the ooplasm of small porcine oocytes that
      prevents nuclear maturation of large porcine and mouse oocytes fused to them.
      This maturation inhibiting activity can be overcome by preincubating large
      porcine oocytes for more than 14 h before fusion with small oocytes. During
      preincubation the ooplasm produces sufficient amount of maturation promoting
      factor (MPF) to overcome the inhibiting activity present in small porcine oocytes
      thus inducing GVBD and chromatin condensation both in small and large oocytes.

PMID- 4056690
TI  - Association of maternal and newly synthesized ribosomes with membranous
      noncytoskeletal structures in Xenopus laevis embryonic cells.
AB  - In Xenopus laevis embryos a high concentration of both KCl and 0.5% DOC (sodium
      deoxycholate) is needed for maximal extraction of ribosomes and polysomes. We
      studied the nature of the structures that keep ribosomes and polysomes
      immobilized within the cytoplasm of embryonic cells at cleavage through tailbud
      stages, using various combinations of a low-salt buffer (20 mM KCl), a high-salt
      buffer (500 mM KCl), 0.5% DOC, and 0.5% Triton X-100. With a low-salt buffer and
      0.5% DOC, but not Triton X-100, 80S ribosomal monomers and polysomes were
      liberated from the cytoplasmic rapidly sedimenting structures (RSS) to the
      soluble fraction. With a high-salt buffer (500 mM KCl), ribosomes were
      solubilized as 60S and 40S subunits together with about one-half of the total
      polysomes. When cells were homogenized in a low-salt buffer with added inhibitors
      of the cytoskeleton (cytochalasin B or colchicine), the majority of polysomes but
      not ribosomes were solubilized. These results provide evidence for the following
      conclusions. 1) Polysomes are bound to cytoskeletal structures in Xenopus
      embryos, but ribosomes, both maternal and newly synthesized, are associated with
      membranous noncytoskeletal structures. 2) The membranous structures consist of
      two compartments, one high-salt sensitive and the other high-salt resistant. 3)
      Ribosomes of the high-salt resistant group increase in amount with developmental
      stage and appear to be the precursor to the ribosomes of the high-salt sensitive
      group.

PMID- 4056692
TI  - Epinephrine decreases the potassium requirements of hamster sperm capacitation:
      furosemide blocks the effect of epinephrine.
AB  - We have investigated the possibility of an interaction between epinephrine and
      external potassium in the stimulation of the hamster sperm acrosome reaction and
      in vitro fertilizing ability. We have found that: 1) K+ is required late in
      capacitation and/or the acrosome reaction, but is not required for penetration of
      the zona pellucidae, 2) the presence of epinephrine (50 microM) in the
      capacitation medium lowers the K+ requirements of these processes and 3)
      furosemide, a cotransport inhibitor, blocks the acrosome reaction, in vitro
      fertilization, and inhibits the stimulation by epinephrine. These results support
      the idea that there is an interaction between epinephrine as a stimulus to the
      secretion of the acrosomal content, and K+ as a mediator of the stimulus signal.
      They further suggest that K+ influx through the cotransport mechanism occurs
      during capacitation, that this mechanism is activated late during the process,
      and that it probably mediates the stimulatory effects of epinephrine. We would
      like to propose that the activation of passive cation transport mechanisms is a
      general phenomenon in biological signal transduction.

PMID- 4056693
TI  - Hemodynamic adjustments to head-up posture in the partly arboreal snake, Elaphe
      obsoleta.
AB  - Radioactively-labeled microspheres were used to quantify adjustments of regional
      blood flows in 15 snakes (Elaphe obsoleta) subjected to 45 degrees head-up tilt.
      Heart rate and peripheral vascular resistance increased during tilt to compensate
      for the passive drop of pressure at the head. Two snakes failed to regulate blood
      pressure, but in 13 others arterial pressure increased at midbody (where passive
      changes in pressure are unexpected due to tilt alone) and arterial pressure at
      the head averaged 67% of the pretilt value. Tissue blood flow was reduced
      significantly in visceral organs, posterior skin and posterior skeletal muscle,
      but was maintained at pretilt levels in brain, heart, lung and anterior tissues.
      Ventricular systemic output averaged 24 ml/min X kg in horizontal posture and 9.4
      ml/min X kg during tilt. Comparable values for pulmonary output were 4 and 6.5
      ml/min X kg. Patterns of intraventricular shunting of blood acted to maintain
      pulmonary flow during tilt. A large right-to-left shunt (mean 76%) was present in
      horizontal snakes, but the shunted fraction declined during tilt (mean 54%). Left
      to-right shunt increased during tilt from 7% to 14%.

PMID- 4056694
TI  - Purification and characterization of an N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase from
      cortical granules of Xenopus laevis eggs.
AB  - The enzyme N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was purified from the cortical
      granules of Xenopus laevis eggs using affinity chromatography, gel filtration,
      and density gradient centrifugation. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 37,000
      40,000 as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and density gradient
      centrifugation, had a Km for p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-N-acetyl-glucosaminide of 0.66
      mM and a Ki for glucosamine of 4.3 mM. The kinetic properties of the cortical
      granule enzyme were similar to the enzyme isolated from jack bean. Treatment of
      unfertilized eggs with the enzyme isolated from cortical granules or jack bean
      rendered eggs unfertilizable. Loss of fertilizability was proportional to the
      product of time and enzyme concentration, consistent with an enzymatic mechanism
      being responsible for the loss of fertilizability. The amount of enzyme present
      in the perivitelline space was approximately the same as that which reduced
      fertilizability by 50% in one hour. We suggest that the action of cortical
      granule N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase on egg integuments may function as a
      block to polyspermy at fertilization.

PMID- 4056695
TI  - Control of panting in the desert iguana: roles for peripheral temperatures and
      the effect of dehydration.
AB  - Although it is generally held that panting is a physiological mechanism for the
      regulation of brain temperature during heat stress, a number of studies have
      pointed to the importance of peripheral input for the initiation of the panting
      response in a variety of animals. By presenting ambient heat loads of 47 degrees,
      54 degrees, 58 degrees, and 65 degrees C, and measuring skin, ear and core
      temperatures of the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis, at the onset of panting,
      we found that the skin temperature at panting onset was independent of ambient
      heat load. This suggests that skin (peripheral) temperature is the body
      temperature on which the central thermoregulatory center cues to initiate thermal
      panting. Peripheral temperature control of panting was retained when the plasma
      osmolality of the desert iguana was increased by 100 mOsm/kg H2O to simulate
      dehydration. Dehydration to 80% initial body weight (IBW) resulted in a
      progressive increase in panting threshold (skin) from 42 degrees C for untreated
      lizards to 42.5 degrees C at 90% IBW to 43.3 degrees C at 80% IBW. Injection of
      80% IBW lizards with a volume of 10 mM NaCl equivalent to weight loss resulted in
      a decrease in panting threshold to 40.8 degrees C. Injection with 1% body weight
      3000 mM NaCl produced a dramatic increase in panting threshold to 45.9 degrees C.
      These data suggest that the desert iguana responds to dehydration by elevating
      panting threshold, thus promoting water conservation. These data also suggest
      that changes in plasma osmolality may be involved in the "setting" of panting
      threshold.

PMID- 4056696
TI  - Calcium mobilization, water balance, and growth in embryos of the agamid lizard
      Amphibolurus barbatus.
AB  - Embryos of the agamid lizard Amphibolurus barbatus are at developmental stage 29
      of Dufaure and Hubert at the time of oviposition. Mobilization of calcium and
      other nutrients from the yolk proceeds slowly for the first half of incubation,
      during which time embryonic growth also proceeds slowly. During the second half
      of incubation, however, embryos withdraw calcium and other nutrients from the
      yolk very rapidly, and growth rates are correspondingly high. Approximately 60%
      of the calcium used by developing embryos is obtained from the yolk, but fully
      40% of their requirement is met by calcium mobilized from the eggshell. Very
      little calcium remains in residual yolk of hatchlings, so this yolk must be used
      in maintenance metabolism rather than in growth of neonates. No dichotomy exists
      among oviparous, amniotic vertebrates with respect to sources of calcium used by
      developing embryos, but one does exist with respect to patterns of mobilization
      of this element. Whereas calcium is extracted from yolk of embryonic reptiles
      throughout incubation, it actually is deposited in yolk of embryonic birds after
      the midpoint in development.

PMID- 4056697
TI  - Induction of deer antlers by transplanted periosteum. I. Graft size and shape.
AB  - When discs of frontal periosteum from presumptive antler sites of 6-8 month old
      male fawns of the fallow deer are grafted beneath the foreleg skin, they will
      differentiate into pedicle bones and induce small antlers in the overlying
      integument. These antlers shed their velvet in the fall, and in succeeding years
      are replaced by larger outgrowths not exceeding 7 cm in length. Periosteal
      transplants 1.5 cm in diameter gave rise to ectopic antlers in 100% of the
      grafts, while discs measuring 1.05 cm, 0.75 cm and 0.4 cm did so in only 20% of
      the cases. Conversely, the donor sites produced antlers in 20-23% of the cases
      following removal of 1.05 cm or 1.5 cm of periosteum, while 80% and 100% grew
      antlers after deletions of 0.75 cm and 0.4 cm discs of periosteum, respectively.
      Semicircular grafts of periosteum induced antler development in most cases,
      especially when derived from the lateral halves of the antlerogenic region on the
      frontal bone. These findings confirm that the histogenesis of a deer's first
      pedicle and antler resides in the frontal periosteum over an area about 1.5 cm
      wide. They also show that leg skin is capable of antlerogenic development under
      the inductive influence of frontal periosteum, and that integumental wounding may
      enhance inductive interactions.

PMID- 4056698
TI  - The distribution of actin in sheep ovaries.
AB  - The distribution of actin in sheep ovaries has been examined using
      immunofluorescent techniques. The germinal epithelium, which contained abundant
      microfibrils, fluoresced strongly while the underlying stroma was only weakly
      positive. During early follicular growth a band of fluorescence was associated
      with the base of those granulosa cells abutting onto the basal lamina. This
      transitional polarity of actin distribution was correlated with cell shape
      changes in the basal granulosa.

PMID- 4056699
TI  - Temperature-sensitive mutations causing reversible paralysis in Caenorhabditis
      elegans.
AB  - A method has been developed for the isolation of temperature-dependent paralytic
      mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, based on a screening procedure
      using short-time exposure to 30 degrees C. Of ten mutants isolated, eight lose
      their motilities between 30 degrees C and 33 degrees C without prominent changes
      in body forms. The other two strains that are mainly described in this report are
      accompanied by alterations in body forms. One mutation, cn101, is recessive and
      an allele of cha-1. The cn101 mutant shows reversible paralysis at 30 degrees,
      accompanied by a hypercontracted and coiled body form. At the restrictive
      temperature, the strain is resistant to all tested inhibitors of
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Another mutation, designated mah-2 (cn110), is a sex
      linked semidominant that is mapped as 0.6 map units left of dpy-6. The cn110
      mutant is rapidly paralyzed at the restrictive temperature and has a straight and
      rigid body form; the mutant rapidly recovers when the temperature is lowered. No
      disorganization of the muscle structure was detected by polarized light and
      electron microscopic inspection.

PMID- 4056700
TI  - Identification of zona binding proteins of rabbit, pig, human, and mouse
      spermatozoa on nitrocellulose blots.
AB  - Mammalian fertilization is a multi-step process with different requirements for
      specificity at each step. In the present report we have examined the binding of
      spermatozoa to homologous and heterologous zonae pellucidae. The homologous zona
      binding proteins (ZBP) of ejaculated rabbit, pig and human spermatozoa and
      epididymal mouse spermatozoa have been identified. The rabbit's ZBPs have
      relative molecular weights (MW) of 32K, 18K, 16K and 14K; the pig's major ZBP is
      16K while human spermatozoa bind human zona protein at 17K and 18K. Mouse sperm
      ZBPs are 19K, 18K and 16K.

PMID- 4056701
TI  - The effects of diet on growth and reproduction in gray short-tailed opossums
      (Monodelphis domestica).
AB  - In order to develop standard conditions for rearing the gray short-tailed
      opossum, Monodelphis domestica, as a potentially useful experimental laboratory
      animal, the effects of four different diets on growth and reproduction were
      assessed. One diet was a meat-based diet prepared in the laboratory. The other
      three diets were commercially produced fox foods designated Reproduction diet,
      Lactation diet, and Growing and Furring diet. All pairs of M. domestica fed the
      Reproduction diet produced at least one litter, but only two-thirds or fewer of
      the pairs fed any of the other three diets reproduced. There were no significant
      differences in the number of young born per litter or the number of young weaned
      per litter among the diets. Weight at weaning was significantly lower for
      individuals on the meat-based diet compared to those on the fox food diets. Young
      on the meat-based diet suffered 50% mortality within 6 weeks after weaning,
      whereas none of the animals fed the fox food diets died within the same 6-week
      period. Age-weight data were described using the Bertalanffy growth function. In
      terms of growth and overall reproductive performance, the fox food diets were
      clearly superior to the meat-based diet, and the Reproduction diet was judged to
      be the best of the fox food diets tested. Growth curves, from birth to 550 days
      of age, of individuals fed the Reproduction diet were developed and can be used
      as standards for the species under laboratory conditions. The maximal weights
      attained by animals fed the fox food diets were similar to the weights of the
      wild-caught founders of the laboratory population, indicating that the fox food
      diets provide adequate nutrition for normal growth. An additional observation was
      that females housed singly past the normal age of sexual maturity attained
      significantly lower adult weights than did females that were paired with males at
      6 months of age.

PMID- 4056702
TI  - Trimethylamine oxide and the maintenance of volume of dogfish shark rectal gland
      cells.
AB  - Determinants of the steady-state vol of the dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias)
      rectal gland cells were studied. The cellular levels of trimethylamine oxide
      (TMAO) in fresh tissue and slices incubated aerobically 60 min in standard (TMAO
      free) elasmobranch saline were close to those in the plasma (71 +/- 5 mM S.E.M.);
      therefore, under these conditions, the cell membrane appears to be impermeable to
      this solute. However, depolarization of the cells in high-K+ media produced a
      rapid loss of TMAO. Thus, TMAO is a major, effectively impermeant solute in the
      rectal gland cells. The osmolarity of cell solutes in tissue water (fresh and
      incubated slices) did not differ significantly from values in the plasma or
      incubation medium, demonstrating the absence of an osmotic pressure gradient
      across the cell membrane. An analysis of a simple model of cell solutes under
      steady-state conditions shows that the presence of an (effectively) impermeant
      osmolyte decreases the cellular concentration of bulk cations. The analysis is
      consistent with available observations on the distribution of cell Na+ and K+ in
      tissues containing high concentrations of (nitrogeneous) osmolytes. One
      simplifying assumption of the model, i.e., identity (or closeness) of the
      respective reflection coefficients sigma for Na+ and K+ passage through the cell
      membranes could not be verified. Compared to available data on the steady-state
      cellular fluxes of 42K+ in slices of the rectal gland, the uptake of 22Na+ by the
      tissue was slow (the derived rate constant k' = 0.017 min-1, i.e., about one
      tenth of that for K+).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4056704
TI  - Fertilization potential and polyspermy prevention in the egg of the nemertean,
      Cerebratulus lacteus.
AB  - We investigated the electrical properties of the egg of the nemertean worm
      Cerebratulus, and found evidence that an electrically-mediated polyspermy block
      operates for a period of about 1 hr after fertilization. At fertilization, in
      natural or artificial sea water, the membrane potential shifts from its resting
      level of about -66 mV to a peak of about +43 mV, and in most cases remains
      greater than 0 mV for more than 1 hr. The average potential during the first 30
      min is +22 +/- 8 mV (SD, n = 12). When the external Na+ concentration is reduced
      from 486 to 51 mM (choline substituted) the fertilization potential amplitude is
      reduced; the average potential during the first 30 min is -27 +/- 21 mV (SD, n =
      5). Eggs inseminated in 51 mM Na+ sea water become polyspermic, indicating that
      polyspermy prevention depends on an electrically-mediated mechanism. The
      electrical block is required for about 60 min, since transfer to 51 mM Na+ sea
      water during this period results in polyspermy. During the first hour following
      fertilization, the egg is also developing a permanent, nonelectrical block; the
      degree of polyspermy which results upon transfer to low Na+ sea water decreases
      progressively with time. The permanent block appears to be at the level of the
      egg plasma membrane or glycocalyx, since the egg envelope is not a barrier to
      sperm penetration, nor does its removal induce polyspermy. Electron micrographs
      show no obvious changes in the morphology of the extracellular layers, plasma
      membrane or cortex of the egg after fertilization.

PMID- 4056703
TI  - The role of K+ and Cl- conductances in chloride secretion by the opercular
      epithelium.
AB  - The opercular epithelium of the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus, when mounted in a
      lucite chamber under short-circuited conditions, secretes Cl- at a rate
      equivalent to the short-circuit current (Isc). The transepithelial Na+ movements
      are passive and proceed by a paracellular pathway. The addition of 2 X 10(-3) M
      Ba2+ to the serosal bathing solution inhibited the Isc 76.8% with no effect on
      the transepithelial conductance (Gt). The addition of 5 X 10(-4) M Cu2+ to the
      mucosal bathing solution inhibited the Isc 79.6% and reduced the Gt 35.6%. These
      inhibitory effects of Ba2+ and Cu2+ on the Isc were initiated within 1 minute
      after exposure with maximum effects occurring within 20 and 30 minutes,
      respectively. Simultaneous 36Cl- and 22Na+ unidirectional fluxes were performed
      on paired epithelia from the same fish. Serosal Ba2+ and mucosal Cu2+ inhibited
      the Cl- secretory flux 30.2 and 58.9%, respectively. The resulting net Cl- flux
      after inhibition was not significantly different from the mean measured Isc.
      Neither ion had significant effects on the Cl- influx (mucosa to serosa) or the
      unidirectional Na fluxes. These results indicated that the effects of both Ba2+
      and Cu2+ were most likely exclusive to the transcellular Cl- pathway. Ba2+ is
      proposed to inhibit Cl- secretion by blocking the basolateral K+ channels,
      depolarizing the cell, and reducing the electrochemical driving force for Cl-
      across the apical membrane. Cu2+ is proposed to inhibit Cl- secretion by blocking
      the apical membrane Cl- channels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4056705
TI  - Cell allocation in half- and quadruple-sized preimplantation mouse embryos.
AB  - The size of preimplantation mouse embryos was experimentally manipulated in order
      to examine the consequences for the allocation of cells to the two primary
      tissues, trophectoderm and inner cell mass (ICM). Half embryos were produced by
      the mechanical lysis of one cell at the two-cell stage and quadruple embryos by
      the aggregation of four whole eight-cell embryos. Such procedures are shown not
      only to alter the absolute number of cells that are assigned to the trophectoderm
      and ICM, but also to disturb significantly the proportions of these two tissues
      in the blastocyst. The proportion of trophectoderm is directly related to the
      surface area of the morula, as is predicted by a purely epigenetic scheme for
      cell allocation.

PMID- 4056706
TI  - Characterization of molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH) action on crustacean Y-organ
      segments and dispersed cells in culture and a bioassay for MIH activity.
AB  - Ecdysteroid secretion in vitro by gland quarters and dispersed cells of ecdysial
      glands (Y-organs) of the crab, Cancer antennarius Stimpson, was characterized.
      Optimum culture conditions are reported for maximum, sustained (72 hr) secretion
      and maintenance of cell viability in activated Y-organs obtained from de
      eyestalked donors. Addition in vitro of eyestalk ganglia extracts containing the
      putative molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH) inhibited ecdysteroid production dose
      dependently in the range of 0.1-4.0 and 0.01-4.0 eyestalk equivalents of MIH for
      gland quarters and dispersed cells, respectively. Inhibition by MIH was
      reversible, tissue specific as to source of MIH activity, and did not affect cell
      viability relative to controls. The results of replicate incubations of gland
      quarters with MIH were analyzed with formal statistics of parallel-line assay.
      The inhibitory action on ecdysteroid secretion is shown to be reproducibly linear
      and parallel in the dosage range, 0.1-4.0 eyestalk equivalents, amenable to
      calculation of relative potency among successive extracts, and of sufficiently
      high precision to serve as an MIH bioassay. Also, the results of these studies
      support the hypothesis that control of Y-organs by the eyestalks is
      physiologically direct.

PMID- 4056707
TI  - We can prevent cancer.

PMID- 4056708
TI  - Lung cancer--the case for prevention.

PMID- 4056709
TI  - Breast self-examination: a patient-physician partnership.

PMID- 4056710
TI  - Colorectal cancer.

PMID- 4056711
TI  - Early detection of uterine cancer.

PMID- 4056712
TI  - Teaching patients about testicular cancer.

PMID- 4056713
TI  - Childhood cancer--early detection and prevention.

PMID- 4056714
TI  - Fracture of humerus from muscular violence: case report.

PMID- 4056715
TI  - Contemporary surgical management for hepatic metastases of colorectal origin.

PMID- 4056716
TI  - Presentation of hemophilia A in the newborn period.

PMID- 4056717
TI  - Community care for the elderly.

PMID- 4056718
TI  - Population aging as progress, not as burden.

PMID- 4056719
TI  - The aging skin.

PMID- 4056720
TI  - Program of health education for people 55 and better.

PMID- 4056721
TI  - Lifelong learning: prescription for health.

PMID- 4056722
TI  - Alzheimer's disease--a team approach to diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 4056723
TI  - Megatrends in volunteering for and by the aging.

PMID- 4056724
TI  - Caregivers of the demented elderly.

PMID- 4056725
TI  - On death and dying.

PMID- 4056726
TI  - What Florida's elderly need from the medical community.

PMID- 4056727
TI  - Involuntary guardianship: panacea or bitter pill.

PMID- 4056729
TI  - Cracks in the image or what patients think of us.

PMID- 4056728
TI  - Anxiety, depression and health locus of control orientation in an out-patient
      elderly population.

PMID- 4056730
TI  - What can doctors do when a colleague is incompetent.

PMID- 4056731
TI  - Olfactory stimulation variables. Which model best predicts the olfactory nerve
      response?
AB  - Mozell et al. (1984. J. Gen. Physiol. 83:233-267) have examined the traditional
      manner in which olfactory stimulus-response relationships have been addressed.
      They developed a model that describes the olfactory nerve response as a function
      of three factors, viz., the number of odorant molecules (N), the stimulus
      duration (T), and the stimulus volume (V). In addition, two models derived from
      this three-variable model were also found to predict the response well. These
      were the [F, N] model involving flow rate (F = V/T) and, ranking closely behind,
      the [C, T] model involving concentration (C = N/V). A model involving the
      delivery rate (D = N/T) and volume was found to predict the response poorly.
      These models imply very different stimulus-response relationships. The present
      study was designed to assess the validity of this earlier approach by testing
      specific predictions drawn from each of the models. Because of the excellence of
      the [F, N] model, one would predict that the response will not change when F and
      N are held constant in spite of proportional increases in V and T. Similarly, one
      would predict from the [C, T] model that the response will be constant when C and
      T are held constant in spite of proportional increases in N and V. Because of the
      poor showing of the [D, V] model, one would predict changes in the response even
      when D and V are held constant while N and T are increased proportionately. It
      was observed that when F and N were held constant, the response was, in fact,
      constant. When D and V were held constant, the response increased dramatically.
      When C and T were held constant, there was a statistically significant, but
      small, change in the response. These results support the approach taken by Mozell
      et al. (op. cit.) and highlight the applicability of the [F, N] model to
      peripheral olfactory processing. The results are discussed in terms of their
      impact on the traditional manner in which olfactory stimulus-response
      relationships are conceived.

PMID- 4056732
TI  - Intracellular topography of rhodopsin regeneration in vertebrate rods.
AB  - The vertebrate visual pigment of rods, rhodopsin, bleaches in light and
      regenerates in darkness. When the bleaching and regeneration are carried out in
      vivo, it is found that the regeneration takes place at nonuniform rates along the
      rod outer segment (ROS): toads and frogs regenerate rhodopsin faster in the
      proximal ends of the ROS than in the distal ends. Rats do the reverse. These
      patterns of regeneration persist whether the bleaching is done with flashes or
      with steady light. They are also independent of the extent to which the retinal
      pigment epithelium contains melanin. Furthermore, the dichotomy of patterns
      (proximal faster vs. distal faster) does not seem to depend upon the presence of
      an excess of stored retinoid in the eye. Instead, it is suggested that the
      villous processes of the epithelial cells may play an important role in the
      regeneration patterns. These processes in amphibia extend nearly to the rod inner
      segment but in the rat they surround only the apical end of the outer segment. If
      they "funnel" the retinoids back to the ROS, their location and morphology could
      explain the two different kinds of patterns seen.

PMID- 4056733
TI  - Dynamics of turtle horizontal cell response.
AB  - The small- and large-field (cone) horizontal cells produce similar dynamic
      responses to a stimulus whose mean luminance is modulated by a white-noise
      signal. Nonlinear components increase with an increase in the mean luminance and
      may produce a mean square error (MSE) of up to 15%. Increases in the mean
      luminance of the field stimulus bring about three major changes: the incremental
      sensitivity defined by the amplitude of the kernels decreases in a Weber-Fechner
      fashion; the waveforms of the kernels are transformed from monophasic
      (integrating) to biphasic (differentiating); the peak response time of the
      kernels becomes shorter and the cells respond to much higher-frequency inputs.
      The dynamics of the horizontal cell response also depend on the area of the
      retina stimulated. Smaller spots of light produce monophasic kernels of a longer
      peak response time. The presence of a steady background produces three major
      changes in the spot kernels: the kernel's amplitude becomes larger (incremental
      sensitivity increases); the peak response times become shorter; the waveform of
      the kernels changes in a fashion similar to that observed with an increase in the
      mean luminance of the field stimulus. A similar enhancement in the incremental
      sensitivity by a steady background has also been observed in catfish, which shows
      that this phenomenon is a common feature of the horizontal cells in the lower
      vertebrate retina.

PMID- 4056734
TI  - Peeled mammalian skeletal muscle fibers. Possible stimulation of Ca2+ release via
      a transverse tubule-sarcoplasmic reticulum mechanism.
AB  - Single muscle fibers from rabbit soleus and adductor magnus and from
      semitendinosus muscles were peeled to remove the sarcolemma and then stimulated
      to release Ca2+ by (a) caffeine application or (b) ionic depolarization
      accomplished via substitution of choline chloride for potassium propionate at
      constant [K+] X [Cl-] in the bathing solution. Each stimulus, ionic or caffeine,
      elicited an isometric tension transient that appeared to be due to Ca2+ released
      from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The peak magnitude of the ionic (Cl- 
      induced) tension transient increased with increasing Cl- concentration. The
      application of ouabain to fibers after peeling had no effect on either type of
      tension transient. However, soaking the fibers in a ouabain solution before
      peeling blocked the Cl- -induced but not the caffeine-induced tension transient,
      which suggests that ouabain's site of action is extracellular, perhaps inside
      transverse tubules (TTs). Treating the peeled fibers with saponin, which should
      disrupt TTs to a greater extent than SR membrane, greatly reduced or eliminated
      the Cl- -induced tension transient without significantly altering the caffeine
      induced tension transient. These results suggest that the Cl- -induced tension
      transient is elicited via stimulation of sealed, polarized TTs rather than via
      ionic depolarization of the SR.

PMID- 4056737
TI  - Little fleas and lesser fleas. The seventeenth Marjory Stephenson memorial
      lecture.

PMID- 4056736
TI  - The effects of partial extraction of TnC upon the tension-pCa relationship in
      rabbit skinned skeletal muscle fibers.
AB  - The activation of contraction in vertebrate skeletal muscle involves the binding
      of Ca2+ to low-affinity binding sites on the troponin C (TnC) subunit of the
      regulatory protein troponin. The present study is an investigation of possible
      cooperative interactions between adjacent functional groups, composed of seven
      actin monomers, one tropomyosin, and one troponin, along the same thin filament.
      Single skinned fibers were obtained from rabbit psoas muscles and were then
      placed in an experimental chamber containing relaxing solution maintained at 15
      degrees C. Isometric tension was measured in solutions containing maximally and
      submaximally activating levels of free Ca2+ (a) in control fiber segments, (b) in
      the same segments after partial extraction of TnC, and finally (c) after
      recombination of TnC into the segments. The extraction was done at 11-13 degrees
      C in 20 mM Tris, 5 mM EDTA, pH 7.85 or 8.3, a procedure derived from that of Cox
      et al. (1981. Biochem. J. 195:205). Extraction of TnC was quantitated by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the control and
      experimental samples. Partial extraction of TnC resulted in reductions in tension
      during maximal Ca activation and in a shift of the relative tension-pCa (i.e., 
      log[Ca2+]) relationship to lower pCa's. The readdition of TnC to the extracted
      fiber segments resulted in a recovery of tension to near-control levels and in
      the return of the tension-pCa relation to its original position. On the basis of
      these findings, we conclude that the sensitivity to Ca2+ of a functional group
      within the thin filament may vary depending upon the state of activation of
      immediately adjacent groups.

PMID- 4056735
TI  - Volume-regulatory responses of Amphiuma red cells in anisotonic media. The effect
      of amiloride.
AB  - Amphiuma red cells were incubated for several hours in hypotonic or hypertonic
      media. They regulate their volume in both media by using ouabain-insensitive salt
      transport mechanisms. After initially enlarging osmotically, cells in hypotonic
      media return toward their original size by losing K, Cl, and H2O. During this
      volume-regulatory decrease (VRD) response, K loss results from a greater than 10
      fold increase in K efflux. Cells in hypertonic media initially shrink
      osmotically, but then return toward their original volume by gaining Na, Cl, and
      H2O. The volume-regulatory increase (VRI) response involves a large (greater than
      100-fold) increase in Na uptake that is entirely blocked by the diuretic
      amiloride (10(-3) M). Na transport in the VRI response shares many of the
      characteristics of amiloride-sensitive transport in epithelia: (a) amiloride
      inhibition is reversible; (b) removal of amiloride from cells pretreated with
      amiloride enhances Na uptake relative to untreated controls; (c) amiloride
      appears to act as a competitive inhibitor (Ki = 1-3 microM) of Na uptake; (d) Na
      uptake is a saturable function of external Na (Km approximately 29 mM); (e) Li
      can substitute for Na but K cannot. Anomalous Na/K pump behavior is observed in
      both the VRD and the VRI responses. In the VRD response, pump activity increases
      3-fold despite a decrease in intracellular Na concentration, while in the VRI
      response, a 10-fold increase in pump activity is observed when only a doubling is
      predicted from increases in intracellular Na.

PMID- 4056738
TI  - Purification and molecular and catalytic properties of bromoperoxidase from
      Streptomyces phaeochromogenes.
AB  - A bromoperoxidase has been isolated and purified from the chloramphenicol
      producing actinomycete Streptomyces phaeochromogenes. The purified enzyme was
      homogeneous as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The prosthetic
      group of the bromoperoxidase was ferriprotoporphyrin IX. Based on gel filtration
      results the molecular weight of the enzyme was 147 000 +/- 3000. Sodium dodecyl
      sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a single band having the
      mobility of a 72 500 molecular weight species. Therefore, in solution at neutral
      pH, the bromoperoxidase behaved as a dimer. The isoelectric point was 4.0. The
      spectral properties of the native and reduced enzyme are reported. The
      homogeneous enzyme also had peroxidase and catalase activity.

PMID- 4056739
TI  - Motility as an intestinal colonization factor for Campylobacter jejuni.
AB  - The colonization of the intestinal tract of suckling mice by Campylobacter jejuni
      was examined by orally challenging the mice with a wild-type strain and several
      nonmotile mutant strains which were isolated after treating the wild-type strain
      with mutagens. The wild-type strain had colonized the lower portion of the small
      intestine, the caecum and the colon 2 d after inoculation. Two nonmotile strains,
      one of which (M8) had lost all the flagellar structure including the filament,
      the hook and the basal structure, and the other (M1) which had lost only the
      filament region, were both cleared from the intestinal tract 2 d after challenge.
      Another nonmotile strain (M14), which had a complete flagellar structure like
      that of the wild-type strain, did not colonize and was cleared from the
      intestinal tract like the other nonmotile and nonflagellated strains. One
      atypically motile strain (M5), which had a shorter flagellar filament than that
      of the wild-type strain, colonized the intestinal tract only when mice were
      challenged with a large inoculum. None of the mice challenged with either the
      wild-type or any of the mutant strains showed signs of illness. We concluded that
      motility is an important factor in the colonization of the intestinal tract of
      suckling mice by C. jejuni.

PMID- 4056740
TI  - Mechanism of self-protection in a puromycin-producing micro-organism.
AB  - Puromycin is a potent inhibitor of bacterial protein synthesis, but puromycin
      producing Streptomyces alboniger KCC S-0309 is tolerant to the antibiotic in
      vivo. Puromycin bound to both 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits from S. alboniger
      and inhibited polyuridylate-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis by the
      ribosomes. However, the organism possessed a novel puromycin-inactivating enzyme
      which acetylated the antibiotic at the 2''-NH2 group of the O-methyltyrosine
      moiety.

PMID- 4056741
TI  - Numerical analysis of fatty acid profiles in the identification of staphylococci.
AB  - Representative strains of coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci
      were degraded by acid methanolysis and the resultant fatty acid methyl esters
      analysed by gas chromatography. The quantitative data obtained were examined by
      cluster analysis. The coagulase-positive strains formed six major and one single
      member cluster at the 90% S-level. The Staphylococcus intermedius aggregate
      cluster included the single-member cluster and major clusters 1 and 2. The four
      remaining clusters contained S. aureus strains and were homogeneous and distinct.
      The coagulase-negative strains were recovered in ten major and three single
      member clusters at the 90% S-level. Five of the ten major clusters were
      reasonably homogeneous with respect to the existing classification. Thus, three
      S. capitis strains and five of the six S. epidermidis strains, two of the three
      S. hominis strains and five of the six S. simulans strains were recovered in
      separate clusters. Cluster 7 was divided into two subclusters; one contained five
      of the six S. hyicus strains and the other contained the two representatives of
      S. lentus. The remaining clusters were heterogeneous with regard to the named
      strains they contained.

PMID- 4056742
TI  - An exo-D-galacturonanase of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens from the bovine rumen.
AB  - An intracellular pectinolytic enzyme was isolated from a cell extract of
      Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and purified. The optimum pH for enzyme activity was
      5.6. The enzyme preferentially degraded de-esterified substrates by hydrolysis of
      monosaccharide units from the non-reducing end; the only product of degradation
      was D-galacturonic acid. Values of Km and Vmax for oligo- and polygalacturonates
      indicated that the best substrate was digalacturonic acid; oligogalacturonates
      containing either a saturated or a delta 4,5-unsaturated non-reducing end were
      both degraded. The enzyme was classified as an exo-D-galacturonanase [poly(1,4
      alpha-D-galacturonide) galacturonohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.67)].

PMID- 4056743
TI  - Purification and characterization of flagella from Roseburia cecicola, an
      obligately anaerobic bacterium.
AB  - Flagella from Roseburia cecicola, an obligately anaerobic bacterium originally
      isolated from murine caecal mucosa, were purified by mechanical shearing followed
      by differential centrifugation. Purity of the flagellar preparation was
      determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, electron microscopy and
      chemical analysis. The flagella were composed of a single protein subunit
      (flagellin) with an estimated molecular weight of 42 000. The amino acid
      composition of the flagellin was similar to that of some facultatively anaerobic
      and aerobic bacteria.

PMID- 4056744
TI  - The proteins and RNAs specified by Clo Mor virus, a Scottish Nairovirus.
AB  - The proteins and RNAs of Clo Mor virus have been analysed. Virus-specific
      proteins in infected cells had previously been identified by isotopic labelling
      and radioimmunoprecipitation; these were three glycoproteins (mol. wt. 115K, 90K
      and 80K) and an unglycosylated nucleocapsid (N) protein (50K). We have performed
      pulse-chase experiments which indicated that the 115K protein is processed to
      give the 90K and 80K proteins, while a 45K protein was detected in released
      virions after prolonged chase. Translation in vitro of mRNA extracted from Clo
      Mor virus-infected cells resolved only the N protein. Three species of RNA were
      extracted from Clo Mor virus intracellular nucleocapsids and have been designated
      L (11000 to 13000 bases), M (6300 bases) and S (1900 bases). The processing of
      viral proteins and the sizes of RNAs are characteristic of the Nairovirus genus
      of the family Bunyaviridae.

PMID- 4056745
TI  - [Is fetopathology a new discipline?].
AB  - The author emphasizes the recent scientific data and the evolution of the
      attitudes which is creating a new medical field: fetopathology.

PMID- 4056746
TI  - [General anthropometric data].
AB  - Presentation of ultrasonography moving data about the 1st trimester pregnancy:
      visualization of heart beating of fetal movements, measurements, aspect and shape
      of the main organs and of the fetal skeleton.

PMID- 4056747
TI  - [Assessment of fetal maturation].
AB  - Few organs or tissues are convenient to use for the pathologist to assess fetal
      maturity: the brain, particularly the external configuration of the cerebral
      hemispheres: the primary and secondary sulci appear in a definite chronologic
      order; the lungs; four developmental stages are defined: the last stage is
      characterized by attenuation of alveolar epithelial lining, and increase and
      superficial migration of capillaries. It must be reached necessarily to have
      postnatal respiration; the kidneys have a typical pattern of development,
      especially after 28 weeks, when it is possible to count the number of immature
      glomerular layers in the cortex; for the differentiation of the skin, specimens
      taken from special regions of the body are characteristic enough to determine the
      maturity, especially during the second trimester.

PMID- 4056748
TI  - [Importance of examination of the placenta].
AB  - It is necessary to examine the placenta in two conditions at least: when the
      fetus is still born or dies in the neonatal period, and when there is a
      gestational or a neonatal pathology. Placental examination is essentially
      macroscopic. It is recommended to practice it on fresh placenta, so that
      cytobacteriological investigation can be done at the same time. Histological
      samples are taken in one third of the cases. The principal abnormalities or
      lesions are described, with their clinical significance: shape abnormalities,
      pathology of the cord and membranes, vascular lesions (decidual haematoma,
      infarcts, perivillous fibrin deposition), chorioangioma, abscess. Some more
      "genetical" aspects of the placentology are also approached, for instance
      chromosomal aberrations, or multiple pregnancies.

PMID- 4056749
TI  - [The register of stillbirths in Bouches-du-Rhone: evaluation after 3 years in
      operation].
AB  - A register of stillbirths from the Bouches-du-Rhone area in France was settled in
      1982 with the double goal to provide epidemiological data on mortinatality and to
      help organizing a network of post-mortem examination. The results on 409
      stillbirths out of 21.292 consecutive births are presented. The protocol for post
      mortem examination included photography, radiography, karyotype and autopsy. A
      definitive conclusion was drawn in 75% of cases. The fetal anomalies recognized
      were isolated malformations (14,4%), multiple malformations (5,1%), syndromes
      (3,2%) and chromosomal anomalies (3,9%).

PMID- 4056750
TI  - [Fetal or neonatal autopsy and genetic counseling. Experience of the Human
      Genetic Service of Liege].
AB  - From January 1976 to June 1984, 308 necropsies were performed on neonates and
      fetuses of various gestational age, mainly coming from hospitals of the province
      of Liege. 41% of the necropsied infants have at least one malformation and 34% of
      the malformed show multiple birth defects. There were 17 anatomo-clinic diagnoses
      of chromosomal aberrations but only 12 cases were confirmed by caryotype, for
      practical or technical reasons. One third of the parents of the necropsied
      infants came for genetic counselling with a high recurrence risk in 13% of the
      advices. For further improvement of the possibilities of diagnosis, we are
      pleading in favour of more frequent radiological and chromosomal fetal
      examinations. This must lead us to better convince obstetricians and
      neonatologists and get more favourable practical conditions to carry out the
      necropsies.

PMID- 4056751
TI  - [Contribution of anatomic verification of the fetus and newborn infant in
      diagnosis and genetic counseling. Apropos of 221 autopsies].
AB  - The authors report the results of 221 post-mortem examinations of fetuses,
      newborns, and infants performed during 26 months and theirs involvements in
      genetic counselling. 10,8% of these cases are provided by therapeutic
      terminations of pregnancy; necropsy confirmed the diagnosis afforded except for
      maternal infectious diseases contracted during pregnancy in which post-mortem
      examination revealed generally no abnormality. Genetic diseases represented
      33,7%: in these cases anatomic examination took variable role, it is more
      important in multivisceral malformative syndromes, sudden death of infancy, and
      histologically prominent feature diseases. In 38,5% of cases, medical acquired
      disease were found; it elucidated cause of death and generally permitted to carry
      out favourable genetic counselling. At least 17,1% of cases stayed unexplained
      after necropsy.

PMID- 4056752
TI  - [Frequency of lethal congenital malformations. Experience supported by 600
      autopsies].
AB  - Data analysis of 600 neonatal necropsies performed in our Center from 1978 to
      1984, has shown that in 200 cases one or more lethal malformations were observed:
      the most frequent concerned the central nervous system (33 cases), the urinary
      tract system (28 cases) and the cardiovascular system (26 cases). A genetic
      determinism was considered in 127 cases (63,5%). Usually a genetic counselling
      follows neonatal death in our Center: necropsy findings are then most useful: the
      authors advocate the interest of a close collaboration between pathologists and
      geneticists.

PMID- 4056753
TI  - [S-100 protein in amniotic fluid of the ancencephalic fetus].
AB  - S-100 protein, essentially of astrocytic origin, is present in the amniotic fluid
      of anencephalic fetuses. Its detection reflects tissue necrosis and could be
      complementary for prenatal diagnosis.

PMID- 4056754
TI  - [Teratogenic risk during treatment of Wilson disease].
AB  - Untreated Wilson's disease usually causes infertility or abortion, as a result of
      increased intrauterine copper level. Therefore, a chelation treatment is
      necessary during the whole pregnancy. The most used is D-Penicillamine whose
      teratogenic risks such as cutis laxa, dermatopathy or complex mesenchyme
      abnormalities are paradoxically rare in the new borns of treated Wilson's disease
      mothers, perhaps owing to hypercupremia that protects the foetus from excessive
      copper deficiency. Yet, it's wise to reduce chelation treatment about a quarter
      fold and to add 50 mg vitamin B6 weekly as we did in our case whose child was
      born normal.

PMID- 4056755
TI  - Genetic restriction of immune responsiveness to synthetic peptides corresponding
      to sequences in the pre-S region of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope gene.
AB  - Proteins of the HBV envelope (env) are coded for by two adjacent regions of the
      HBV env gene: the pre-S and S regions. Antigenic determinants corresponding to
      amino acid sequences of both regions are recognized by human antibodies and are
      important in virus-neutralizing responses. Protective immune responses to HBV
      appear to be linked to the major HLA histocompatibility complex. Inbred and
      congenic strains of mice represent a model system relevant for studies on the
      genetic control of immune responsiveness of humans to HBV envelope proteins. Such
      mouse strains were ranked according to their antibody response to the S protein
      and divided into high [d,q], intermediate [a,k,b], and low [s] responders
      (letters in brackets indicate H-2 haplotype.) Selected pre-S antigenic
      determinants can be mimicked with high fidelity by synthetic peptide analogues
      that are immunogenic without any carriers. Thus it is possible to study directly
      the genetic control of immune responsiveness to pre-S epitopes mimicked by these
      peptides without having to consider the influence of carriers or of S protein.
      The results presented here show that inbred mouse strains can be ranked according
      to their antibody responses to the synthetic peptide pre-S(120-145) as follows:
      A/J[a] approximately equal to SWR/J[q] greater than C57BL/6J[b] approximately
      equal to AKR/J[k] approximately equal to SJL/J[s] much greater than DBA/2J[d]
      greater than BALB/cJ[d]. Only SJL/J[s] mice responded well to another synthetic
      peptide pre-S (12-32). Thus, H-2-linked genes regulating the immune response to S
      protein and to epitopes on pre-S-coded sequences are distinct. Anti-pre-S(120
      145) responses in S protein-nonresponders circumvent this nonresponsiveness. This
      should be considered in the design of hepatitis B vaccines.

PMID- 4056756
TI  - Relationship between HBcAg in serum and liver and HBV replication in patients
      with HBsAg-positive chronic liver disease.
AB  - The expression of hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) in serum and in hepatocytes
      was evaluated in relation to HBV replication. Fifty chronic HBsAg carriers with
      histological evidence of liver disease were studied, including 24 HBeAg-positive
      patients, 2 HBeAg/anti-HBe-negative patients, and 24 anti-HBe-positive cases, two
      of them with evidence of delta agent infection. Serum HBV-DNA was evaluated in
      all patients and related to HBcAg examined at the same time in frozen liver
      biopsies by immunofluorescence and to HBcAg detected in the corresponding serum
      by a recently developed radioimmunoassay. HBV-DNA was present in serum in 20
      (83%) HBeAg-positive patients, all positive for serum HBeAg, whereas liver core
      antigen was detected in 14 (73%) of 19 cases. Among HBeAg-negative patients, 50%
      showed the presence of circulating DNA viral sequences, and HBcAg was identified
      in five of 26 (19%) cases in serum and in six of 24 (25%) in the liver
      respectively. In 15 patients, liver fragments permitted examination in parallel
      by immunofluorescence for HBcAg and molecular hybridization for viral DNA in
      liver cells. A DNA pattern characteristic of viral replication was found in cases
      with evidence of active virion production, independently from HBeAg and anti-HBe,
      and in these patients HBcAg was present both in serum and in hepatocytes. In two
      cases with free HBV-DNA, without evidence of replicative activity, core antigen
      was not detected in the liver, but in one patient HBcAg was found in the serum. A
      similar finding was also noted in another patient, in whom the hybridization
      pattern was consistent with integration of viral genome into high-molecular
      weight cellular DNA. Whether serum HBcAg detected in these patients without HBV
      DNA in serum reflects the presence of defective viral particles or of core
      antigen released as a viral protein remains to be determined.

PMID- 4056757
TI  - Altered natural history of hepatitis B in homosexual males--a reflection of
      altered immune responsiveness?
AB  - We suggest that subtle alterations in T-cell functions in male homosexuals makes
      them more likely to have silent anicteric hepatitis B infection, and perhaps more
      likely to become chronic carriers with significant chronic liver disease. This
      immunodeficiency might also explain why they respond less favourably to antiviral
      therapy. In future trials of antiviral therapy homosexual males should be
      randomised separately. Further studies of the immunomodulatory effects of new and
      existing agents will be of value in designing drug regimes particularly suited to
      the treatment of homosexual HBV carriers.

PMID- 4056758
TI  - An outbreak of hepatitis A on a hospital ward.
AB  - An outbreak of hepatitis A has been recognised on a medical ward of a district
      general hospital. Eleven nurses and one patient were reported to have hepatitis
      over a period of 18 days in October, 1984. Specific tests for hepatitis A IgM
      were positive in all cases. Following extensive investigations, the outbreak was
      traced to a female patient who had recently returned from India and who was
      incontinent. Her serum, when tested subsequently, showed evidence of recent
      hepatitis A infection. The implications of this outbreak are discussed.

PMID- 4056759
TI  - Beliefs and fears underlying type A behavior: correlates of time urgency and
      hostility.
AB  - Price (1980, 1983) has proposed that Type A behavior allows individuals to cope
      with fears and anxieties engendered by beliefs about their environment they
      develop through socialization. The present investigation tested her cognitive
      social learning model of Type A behavior by developing measures of beliefs and
      fears and validating them against Type A measures. Data was provided by 137 male
      and female university students of administration who completed questionnaires.
      Three beliefs and four fears were assessed along with four aspects of Type A
      behavior. Measures of beliefs and fears were moderately correlated with measures
      of time urgency and hostility, particularly among women. Younger men and women
      reported stronger beliefs and fears.

PMID- 4056760
TI  - The influence of temporal and spatial variation on tactile identification of
      letters.
AB  - This study was designed to show that variation in stimulation has an influence on
      tactile perception similar to that in the visual modality. Thirty-two subjects
      were required to identify Hebrew letters by the tactile sense. Identification
      time was found to be significantly (p less than .01) shorter when subjects could
      feel the letters both with temporal variation (i.e., vibrations) and spatial
      variation (i.e., allowing the subjects to move their fingers over the letters)
      than when the letters were stable. The longest identification time was found when
      both temporal and spatial variation were absent. The effects of the two types of
      tactile variation were found to be compensatory, and a possible explanation for
      that is offered. Possible implications of these results regarding the use of
      tactile perception in man-machine systems are discussed.

PMID- 4056761
TI  - The use of imagery by intelligent and by creative schoolchildren.
AB  - Two studies focusing on differences in thinking strategies between intellectually
      gifted and creative children were undertaken. In the first study (N = 29),
      ethnographic techniques of observation along with testing and problem-solving
      interviews were used in a regular classroom. Three subjects (one high IQ and high
      creativity, one high IQ and low creativity, and one low IQ and high creativity)
      were identified for intensive observation. In the second study, testing
      procedures and problem-solving interviews were completed with 30 children who
      were placed in a gifted program within an urban school system. Both studies
      produced evidence supporting the link between imaging abilities and creative
      thinking.

PMID- 4056762
TI  - Utilization of odor cues as a function of reward-magnitude contrast and delay of
      reinforcement.
AB  - An experiment manipulating both reward-magnitude contrast and delay of
      reinforcement is reported. The results indicated that odor cues are produced
      under conditions of delayed large-reward versus nonreward contrast but not under
      large- versus small-reward contrast. Additional magnitude and delay manipulations
      that resulted in the elimination of odor-based double-alternation patterning in
      the straight runway are presented.

PMID- 4056763
TI  - Lateral cradling preferences in men and women: results from a photographic study.
AB  - Photographs of men and women holding infants were analyzed for side of holding.
      Of the photographs of women, a significant majority (63%) showed left-side
      holding, consistent with previous reports. In contrast to these same reports,
      however, men also showed a left-side preference and by the same margin.

PMID- 4056764
TI  - Eyewitness performance in different psychological types.
AB  - A study of 112 subjects examined the performance on a complex memory task by
      various Jungian psychological types. Although differences did not emerge in terms
      of overall accuracy, they did emerge in terms of susceptibility to postevent
      information. Introverts and intuitives, alone and in combination, were found to
      be more prone to accept both misleading and consistent postevent information,
      rendering them more likely to be inaccurate in the first case and more likely to
      be accurate in the second case. A variety of explanations are considered.

PMID- 4056765
TI  - Learning and retrieval rate of words presented auditorily and visually.
AB  - Mode of presentation (visual or auditory) of a multitrial free recall test is
      stressed as an important factor in improving the diagnosis of certain
      neurological patients. For further use in neuropsychological research, an
      experiment was carried out using normal subjects, in which the effects of
      presentation mode and order of modality were investigated. There were no
      differential effects of these variables on several parameters, such as the number
      of words recalled and the learning curve. The time needed for the responses in
      immediate recall was the same in both auditory and visual conditions. In delayed
      recall, however, the interresponse times were significantly shorter when words
      had been presented auditorily than when presented visually. The results are
      discussed in light of further application in the field of neuropsychology.

PMID- 4056766
TI  - Suicidal history of defendants and offenders.

PMID- 4056767
TI  - On the streets with no money and no place to go. A profile of housing and health
      care in New Orleans.

PMID- 4056768
TI  - Tubular carcinoma: an indication for subcutaneous mastectomy?

PMID- 4056769
TI  - Home, safe! Supraventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 4056770
TI  - AIDS: Definition, overview, and "new" virus.

PMID- 4056771
TI  - AIDS: impact on public service personnel.

PMID- 4056772
TI  - AIDS: a personal experience.

PMID- 4056774
TI  - AIDS hospice care.

PMID- 4056773
TI  - How does the medical profession protect itself?

PMID- 4056775
TI  - AIDS: community concerns, support services and resources.

PMID- 4056776
TI  - Children and transfusion related AIDS.

PMID- 4056777
TI  - AIDS research: advances in therapy of the immune defect.

PMID- 4056778
TI  - Are there sex differences in the long-term outcome of schizophrenia? Comparisons
      with mania, depression, and surgical controls.
AB  - Female schizophrenics have been reported to have a better prognosis than male
      schizophrenics. However, earlier reports rarely used either operational criteria
      for schizophrenia or appropriate comparison groups. Using data collected as part
      of a long-term follow-up and family study, the authors examined outcome by sex of
      186 schizophrenics, 212 depressives, 86 manics, and 145 surgical controls. When
      the authors controlled for differences in the age and sex distributions of the
      diagnostic groups, sex did not make a significant contribution to the explanation
      of outcome differences between diagnoses or within diagnoses. Examination of
      outcomes within diagnoses revealed only a nonsignificant trend for female manics
      to have a better long-term outcome than male manics.

PMID- 4056779
TI  - Auditory span of apprehension deficits in schizophrenia.
AB  - Previous research on the visual span of apprehension procedure has interpreted
      the performance deficits commonly demonstrated by schizophrenic subjects as
      indicative of a core central processing deficit. Little research has directly
      investigated the existence of similar information-processing deficits in an
      auditory modality in these patients. In the present study, groups of
      schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic patients and a comparison group of normal
      subjects reported the occurrence of a target syllable in the presence of
      background speech. Schizophrenic subjects performed as well as subjects from both
      comparison groups in the simpler background conditions, but were significantly
      less able to identify the target in the presence of auditory distracters when
      greater amounts of information were available to be processed. These data support
      the nonmodality specific nature of the deficit.

PMID- 4056780
TI  - Further data on the effects of subliminal symbiotic stimulation on
      schizophrenics.
AB  - This investigation further examined the effects of activating unconscious
      symbiotic fantasies in schizophrenics. One hundred twenty-eight hospitalized
      schizophrenic men who qualified as "relatively differentiated" on the Adjective
      Rating Scale were randomly assigned to four groups. Each group was assessed for
      pathological thinking, pathological nonverbal behavior, and self-esteem before
      and after the subliminal exposure of an experimental and control stimulus. The
      control stimulus for all groups was the message PEOPLE ARE WALKING and the
      experimental stimuli were the messages MOMMY AND I ARE ONE, MOMMY IS ALWAYS WITH
      ME, MOMMY FEEDS ME WELL, and I CANNOT HURT MOMMY (one for each group). One half
      of each group was subliminally exposed to verbal messages only and one half to
      verbal messages accompanied by congruent pictures. The first stimulus (MOMMY AND
      I ARE ONE) was intended to activate unconscious symbiotic fantasies that in a
      number of prior studies reduced pathology in groups of relatively differentiated
      schizophrenics. The other stimuli were intended to activate reassuring
      unconscious fantasies about "mommy" that were not specifically symbiosis-related.
      Only the MOMMY AND I ARE ONE stimulus led to more adaptive behavior and did so on
      all three dependent variables. This supported the supposition, also borne out in
      two other studies, that it is specifically symbiosis-related gratifications that
      are ameliorative for schizophrenics. The above results were considerably stronger
      for the subgroup that was exposed to a picture accompanying the MOMMY AND I ARE
      ONE message. This was viewed as probably the result of the pictorial
      representation serving as a concretization of the more abstract verbal message
      and as such being more relevant to the relatively primitive mode of thinking in
      schizophrenia.

PMID- 4056781
TI  - Processes underlying formal thought disorder in psychiatric inpatients.
AB  - Three theories about the cognitive processes underlying symptoms of formal
      thought disorder in psychiatric inpatients were tested. Chapman and Chapman's
      "excessive yielding to normal bias" theory and a response competition theory were
      tested by using two ambiguity tasks. Chapman and Chapman's bias theory predicts a
      smaller ambiguity effect for thought-disordered patients; a response competition
      hypothesis predicts a larger ambiguity effect. Results showed no difference
      between thought-disordered and non-thought-disordered patients. To test a
      distractibility theory of thought disorder, subjects performed a Stroop-type task
      in which they counted the number of digits (e.g., 3333) or symbols (####) in a
      set. Thought-disordered patients did show an increased effect of the presence of
      the digits, and this finding was replicated in a second inpatient sample. Thus,
      results were consistent with the distractibility theory and with a reformulation
      of the bias theory, in which the bias shown by thought-disordered patients is not
      a tendency toward a particular response, but rather toward a particular rule, or
      set, for responding.

PMID- 4056782
TI  - Developmental correlates of age at first hospitalization in nonschizophrenic
      psychiatric patients.
AB  - Age at first hospitalization, premorbid social competence, and developmental
      categorizations of symptomatology were examined in 228 male and 220 female
      patients in three diagnostic categories: major affective disorder, neuroses, and
      personality disorder. High social competence patients were older at first
      hospitalization than low competence individuals. Younger first admission patients
      showed more symptoms in the action category and in the role orientation of
      turning against others. Older patients more frequently displayed symptoms of the
      thought variety and of turning against the self. Gender differences in age at
      first hospitalization were not found. With respect to all developmental variables
      examined, the results suggest that a broader view of prognosis proposed in
      research with schizophrenic patients is applicable to nonschizophrenic groups.

PMID- 4056783
TI  - Neuroticism as a predictor of outcome in depression.
AB  - Low levels of neuroticism have variably been associated with a better outcome of
      depressive disorders but the interpretation of this phenomenon is clouded by the
      knowledge that severity of depression may itself confound ratings of neuroticism.
      To clarify any relationship between neuroticism and outcome, the authors assessed
      the predictability of neuroticism (as assessed by questionnaire, psychiatrist
      rating, and subject self-report) in separate groups of psychiatric patients and
      symptomatic volunteers with nonmelancholic depression. Depressives' judgments of
      their own neuroticism correlated with neuroticism scores on the Eysenck
      Personality Inventory (EPI), but neither of these measures predicted improvement
      at 6 nor 20 weeks. Judgments of neuroticism made by psychiatrists, which did not
      correlate with EPI neuroticism scores, did predict improvement. The study
      suggests that differences in defining neuroticism contribute to its variable
      association with outcome and further suggests the relevance of clinically
      assessing neuroticism as a personality variable.

PMID- 4056784
TI  - The behavior of adult alcoholic men abused as children.
AB  - Thirty-one adult alcoholic men who suffered physical abuse during childhood
      (defined as repetitive, physically injurious punishment) were compared with a
      control group of alcoholic men without histories of child abuse. A similar
      comparison was made for an age-matched subgroup of 21 men. As adults, the abused
      alcoholic men demonstrated significantly more legal difficulties, domestic
      violence, and violence against authority figures than the controls. They also had
      a higher incidence of serious suicide attempts, suicidal drinking, and increased
      level of pervasive and situational anxiety. The behavioral consequences in adult
      alcoholic men abused as children were consistent with those seen in follow-up
      studies of abused children. Recognition of a history of child abuse was often
      important in the treatment of the aggressive alcoholic patient.

PMID- 4056785
TI  - Qualifying phrases as a measure of spontaneity in speech.
AB  - Although investigators have attempted to define the paralinguistic
      characteristics of spontaneous speech, there have been no systematic attempts to
      study its verbal reflections. An experiment comparing extemporaneous and
      impromptu speech samples of 10 freshman medical students showed that, of 10
      verbal categories, only qualifying phrases significantly differentiated the two
      levels of spontaneity. A second study compared post-World War II presidential
      communications of different degrees of spontaneity. Speech samples were taken
      from inaugural addresses of seven presidents, and from both introductory remarks
      and responses to questions at their press conferences. The proportion of
      qualifying phrases significantly decreased as the amount of preparation
      increased, confirming the results of the student experiment. The use of
      qualifying phrases appears to represent, in part, an attempt by the speaker to
      avoid silence while retrieving and encoding memories from long-term storage.

PMID- 4056786
TI  - Penicillamine therapy for schizophreniform psychosis in Wilson's disease.
AB  - A hospitalized 22-year-old woman had suffered from Wilson's disease for the past
      11 years. The diagnosis was confirmed by hepatic nonspecific changes, high copper
      urine excretion, and low to zero serum ceruloplasmin, but psychiatric
      symptomatology was the main manifestation of the disease. The history of
      treatment modalities and a controlled trial with penicillamine revealed a clear
      priority of this drug over phenothiazines in abolishing the psychotic features of
      the disease. The effective dose in this case was found to be over 1650 mg/day.
      The mental state, as measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, was clearly
      correlated to the dose of penicillamine. In addition, there was a tendency to
      increased copper excretion with penicillamine treatment. This case suggests a
      connection between copper brain poisoning and the related acute psychotic
      features, which responded well to penicillamine treatment.

PMID- 4056787
TI  - Circular dichroism of micrococcal nuclease-treated calf thymus chromatin (soluble
      chromatin) in presence of CH3HgOH.
AB  - Exposing (soluble) calf thymus chromatin and, as reference, protein-free native
      calf thymus DNA (both in 0.01 M Na+, pH 6.8, 25 degrees C) to increasing
      concentrations of CH3HgOh produces cooperative transitions in their CD spectra.
      In the case of chromatin, and there especially at low concentrations of
      methylmercury, they are due to reactions affecting the relative orientation of
      the bases in the constituent DNA, without disrupting base-pairing. In the case of
      protein-free DNA, and with chromatin at higher methylmercury concentrations, the
      CD changes signal collapse of the DNA secondary structure. Primary data (molar
      ellipticities [theta], zero-ellipticity points, and rotational strengths R) are
      presented as a function of methylmercury concentration and wavelength. The
      results are discussed in relation to previous findings of this laboratory
      regarding methylmercury-DNA and methylmercury-chromatin interactions, and it is
      pointed out that the structural alterations observed with chromatin at low levels
      of methylmercury may very well be the primary events in a chain that is
      responsible for the teratogenic and clastogenic damages caused by organic
      mercury.

PMID- 4056788
TI  - Subcellular distribution of selenium-containing proteins in the rat.
AB  - The subcellular distribution of selenium in rat tissues was studied by measuring
      75Se in animals provided for 5 months with [75Se]selenite as the main dietary
      source of selenium. Equilibration of the animals to a constant specific activity
      allowed the measurement of 75Se to be used as a specific elemental assay for
      selenium. Of the whole-body selenium, 51% was in the soluble fractions and 48%
      was bound to the particulate fractions as follows: 21% in plasma membranes, 11%
      in microsomes, and 16% in mitochondria. Glutathione peroxidase was primarily a
      soluble enzyme, but part of the activity was associated with plasma membrane in
      liver, mitochondria in liver and kidney, and microsomes in testes. Selenium in
      glutathione peroxidase accounted for about one-third of the particulate
      associated selenium. These results indicate that other selenium-containing
      proteins besides glutathione peroxidase are present in membranes.

PMID- 4056789
TI  - Serotonin inhibits acetylcholine release from rat striatum slices: evidence for a
      presynaptic receptor-mediated effect.
AB  - Rat brain striatum slices were incubated with [3H]choline, perfused with a
      physiological buffer, and stimulated by perfusion with a K+-enriched buffer for 2
      min. The tritium overflow evoked by K+ was decreased by 5-hydroxytryptamine
      (serotonin, 5-HT) (maximal inhibition 10(-6) M). This effect of 5-HT was mimicked
      by several agonists (5-methoxytryptamine, N,N-dimethyl-tryptamine, bufotenin) and
      blocked by serotonergic antagonists (methiothepin, methysergide, cinanserin) but
      not by haloperidol; methiothepin and methysergide alone slightly increased the K+
      evoked overflow of tritium (3H). Inhibition of the tritium release by 5-HT was
      not suppressed in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) (10(-6) M). These results
      suggest that 5-HT tonically inhibits acetylcholine (ACh) release from striatal
      cholinergic neurons by acting on a presynaptic receptor localized on cholinergic
      terminals.

PMID- 4056790
TI  - Dynamic aspects of glucocorticoid receptors in the spinal cord of the rat.
AB  - In spite of biochemical and autoradiographic evidence for glucocorticoid binding
      sites in the spinal cord (SC), events occurring after the preliminary step of
      hormone binding were not studied. In this investigation, we have examined the
      transformation (activation) of the cytosolic receptor coupled to
      [3H]dexamethasone (DEX) and the in vivo interaction of adrenal hormone
      [corticosterone (CORT)] with purified nuclei from the SC, in addition to the CORT
      content of the SC before and after stress. Binding of [3H]DEX in the SC was 40%
      lower than in the hippocampus (HC), although the KD values were comparable.
      Transformation of [3H]DEX-receptor complexes in the cytosol was demonstrated by
      diethylaminoethane-cellulose chromatography, by DNA-cellulose binding, and by a
      combined minicolumn procedure including hydroxyapatite in addition to the last
      two techniques for separation of transformed, nontransformed, and meroreceptor
      complexes. In all these situations, SC glucocorticoid binding sites behaved
      similarly to those in the HC. Nuclear uptake of a tracer dose of [3H]CORT was
      much lower in the SC than in the HC; nuclear retention of CORT was more easily
      detected by radioimmunoassay after injection of 1 mg of CORT into
      adrenalectomized rats. Substantial amounts of CORT, which increased in level
      after stress, were measured in five regions in the SC, with higher concentrations
      in the cervical regions. These studies suggest that although SC and HC receptors
      show similar properties in vitro, differences emerged at the level of nuclear
      uptake in vivo, in that glucocorticoid action in the SC was similar to that in
      the optic nerve, where receptors seem to be localized mostly in glial cells.

PMID- 4056791
TI  - Alterations in mRNA translation products associated with regenerative responses
      in the retina.
AB  - Translation products of mRNA from retinas of goldfish optic nerve (representing a
      regenerative CNS) and adult rabbit optic nerve (representing a nonregenerative
      CNS which can be induced to express regenerative characteristics) were examined
      by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Translation products from
      retinas of the regenerating goldfish optic nerve included polypeptides barely
      detectable in the translation products of mRNA derived from retinas of uninjured
      controls. Some of these polypeptides, of apparent molecular weights 24-28, 43-49,
      60, and 65 kilodaltons can be considered as growth-associated polypeptides
      described in other regenerative and developing systems. The induction of
      regeneration-associated characteristics in the injured adult rabbit optic nerve,
      "implanted" with diffusible substances from nonneuronal cells of regenerative or
      growing nerve, is reflected by changes in the mRNA translation products of the
      retina. Among such translation products are those of the following molecular
      weights: 16-18, 28, 32-35, 43-47, and 56-60 kilodaltons, and some higher
      molecular-weight species.

PMID- 4056792
TI  - Subsynaptosomal calcium distribution during hypoxia and 3,4-diaminopyridine
      treatment.
AB  - Previous results demonstrate that hypoxia (low oxygen) diminishes calcium uptake
      by synaptosomes. The present studies examined the effects of low oxygen on
      calcium homeostasis in the digitonin-resistant (mitochondrial) and the digitonin
      labile (nonmitochondrial) compartments of intact synaptosomes and their relation
      to altered membrane potentials. A 10-min hypoxic incubation in low-potassium
      media reduced total (-38.3%), mitochondrial (-43.3%), and nonmitochondrial (
      27.8%) calcium uptake. In high-potassium media, low oxygen reduced mitochondrial
      (-41.2%) and total (-34.4%) uptake whereas nonmitochondrial (+ 6%) calcium uptake
      was essentially unaffected. A temporal analysis of nonmitochondrial calcium
      uptake revealed an initial depression (0-5 min) followed by a stimulation (5-10
      min). Hypoxic-induced alterations in the subsynaptosomal distribution of calcium
      resembled those produced by uncouplers [FCCP (carbonylcyanide-p
      trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone) or rotenone plus oligomycin]. 3,4
      Diaminopyridine partially ameliorated the hypoxic- and FCCP-induced decreases in
      synaptosomal calcium uptake. Low oxygen reduced the total synaptosomal membrane
      potential (i.e., plasma plus mitochondrial membrane potential) as measured by an
      increased efflux of tetraphenylphosphonium ion. This hypoxic-induced efflux of
      tetraphenylphosphonium was slowed by pretreatment with 3,4-diaminopyridine. Thus,
      both drug and membrane potential studies suggest that hypoxic-induced alterations
      in the subcellular distribution of calcium may be due to an uncoupling mechanism
      and a collapse of the synaptosomal mitochondrial membrane potential.

PMID- 4056793
TI  - Incorporation of acetate into acetylcholine, acetylcarnitine, and amino acids in
      the Torpedo electric organ.
AB  - The metabolism of acetate was investigated in the nerve-electroplaque system of
      Torpedo marmorata. In intact fragments of electric organ, radiolabeled acetate
      was incorporated into acetylcholine (ACh), acetylcarnitine (ACar), and three
      amino acids: aspartate, glutamate, and glutamine. These compounds were identified
      by TLC, high-voltage electrophoresis, column chromatography, and enzymic tests.
      The system responsible for acetate transport and incorporation into ACh displayed
      a higher affinity but a lower Vmax than that involved in the synthesis of ACar
      and amino acids. Choline, when added to the medium, increased the rate of acetate
      incorporation into ACh but decreased (at concentrations greater than 10(-5) M)
      that into ACar and amino acids. Monofluoroacetate slightly depressed ACh and ACar
      synthesis from external acetate but inhibited much more the synthesis of amino
      acids. During repetitive nerve stimulation, the level of the newly synthetized
      [14C]ACh was found to oscillate together with that of endogenous ACh, but the
      level of neither [14C]ACar nor the 14C-labeled amino acids exhibited any
      significant change as a function of time. This means that there is probably no
      periodic transfer of acetyl groups between ACh and the investigated metabolites
      in the course of activity. Acetate metabolism was also tested in the electric
      lobe (which contains the cell bodies of the neurons innervating the electric
      organ) and in Torpedo synaptosomes (which are nerve terminals isolated from the
      same neurons). Radioactive pyruvate and glutamine were also assayed in some
      experiments for comparison with acetate. These observations are discussed in
      connection with ACh metabolism under resting and active conditions in tissues
      where acetate is the preferred precursor of the neurotransmitter.

PMID- 4056794
TI  - Synthesis of gamma-glutamyldopamine and other peptidoamines in the nervous system
      of Aplysia californica.
AB  - The synthesis of a series of gamma-glutamyl amines (gamma-Glu-amines), including
      gamma-Glu-dopamine, gamma-Glu-5-hydroxytryptamine, gamma-Glu-octopamine, gamma
      Glu-tryptamine, gamma-Glu-tyramine, and gamma-Glu-phenylethylamine, by nervous
      tissue of the marine mollusc Aplysia californica is described. After ganglia were
      incubated in vitro with 14C-amines, the unchanged amine and a new 14C-labeled
      product, identified as the gamma-Glu conjugate of the amine, were isolated from
      the tissue extracts. Identification was made by comparing the chromatographic
      properties (HPLC, TLC, and LC) of the isolated conjugates with chemically
      synthesized gamma-Glu-amines before and after acid hydrolysis.

PMID- 4056795
TI  - Lipid composition of the nervous system of earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris).
AB  - As part of a systematic study of the evolution of the nervous system, the lipid
      composition of the ventral nerves of earthworms was examined. The nerve axons are
      wrapped in copious layers of loosely bound membrane, superficially resembling the
      myelin sheath of vertebrates. However, neither galactocerebroside nor sulfatide,
      both of which are considered to be markers for myelin, was present, and only
      traces of glucocerebroside, which is abundant in shrimp nerve, were detected. The
      lipids were rich in cholesterol (15.3 mumol/g of fresh tissue) and phospholipids
      (21.7 mumol/g of fresh tissue). The phospholipids were composed of
      phosphatidylethanolamine, -choline, -serine, and -inositol in the ratio of
      41:44:8:7. Most of the ethanolamine-containing phospholipids were in the form of
      plasmalogens. The fatty acid moieties of these phospholipids were predominantly
      18:1, 18:0, and 20:1, whereas the aldehyde moieties of plasmalogen were mostly
      18:0. Sphingomyelin, which is considered a ubiquitous component of animal
      membranes, was not detected. How the unique structure of the membranes of
      earthworm nerves may be related to the function of the nervous system in this
      organism is discussed.

PMID- 4056796
TI  - Changes in histamine metabolism in the mouse hypothalamus induced by acute
      administration of ethanol.
AB  - The effect of acute ethanol administration on histamine (HA) dynamics was
      examined in the mouse hypothalamus. The steady-state level of HA did not change
      after intraperitoneal administration of ethanol (0.5-5 g/kg), whereas the level
      of tele-methylhistamine (t-MH), a predominant metabolite of brain HA, increased
      when 3 and 5 g/kg of ethanol was given. Pargyline hydrochloride (80 mg/kg, i.p.)
      increased the level of t-MH by 72.2% 90 min after the treatment. Ethanol at any
      dose given did not significantly affect the t-MH level in the pargyline
      pretreated mice. Decrease in the t-MH level induced by metoprine (10 mg/kg,
      i.p.), an inhibitor of HA-N-methyltransferase, was suppressed by ethanol (5
      g/kg), thereby suggesting inhibition of the elimination of brain t-MH. Ethanol (5
      g/kg) significantly delayed the depletion of HA induced by (S)-alpha
      fluoromethylhistidine (50 mg/kg, i.v.), a specific inhibitor of histidine
      decarboxylase. Therefore, a large dose of ethanol apparently decreases HA
      turnover in the mouse hypothalamus.

PMID- 4056797
TI  - Partial purification and properties of human brain aldehyde dehydrogenases.
AB  - Acetaldehyde and biogenic aldehydes were used as substrates to investigate the
      subcellular distribution of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in autopsied human
      brain. With 10 microM acetaldehyde as substrate, over 50% of the total activity
      was found in the mitochondrial fraction and 38% was associated with the cytosol.
      However, with 4 microM 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde and 10 microM
      indoleacetaldehyde as substrates, 40-50% of the total activity was found in the
      soluble fraction, the mitochondrial fraction accounting for only 15-30% of the
      total activity. These data suggested the presence of distinct aldehyde
      dehydrogenase isozymes in the different compartments. The mitochondrial and
      cytosolic fractions were, therefore, subjected to salt fractionation and ion
      exchange chromatography to purify further the isozymes present in both fractions.
      The kinetic data on the partially purified isozymes revealed the presence of a
      low Km isozyme in both the mitochondria and the cytosol, with Km values for
      acetaldehyde of 1.7 microM and 10.2 microM, respectively. However, the cytosolic
      isozyme exhibited lower Km values for the biogenic aldehydes. Both isozymes were
      activated by Mg2+ and Ca2+ in phosphate buffers (pH 7.4). Also, high Km isozymes
      were found in the mitochondria and in the microsomes.

PMID- 4056798
TI  - Shiverer and normal peripheral myelin compared: basic protein localization,
      membrane interactions, and lipid composition.
AB  - We have correlated membrane structure and interactions in shiverer sciatic nerve
      myelin with its biochemical composition. Analysis of x-ray diffraction data from
      shiverer myelin swollen in water substantiates our previous localization of an
      electron density deficit in the cytoplasmic half of the membrane. The density
      loss correlates with the absence of the major myelin basic proteins and indicates
      that in normal myelin, the basic protein is localized to the cytoplasmic
      apposition. As in normal peripheral myelin, hypotonic swelling in the shiverer
      membrane arrays occurs in the extracellular space between membranes; the
      cytoplasmic surfaces remain closely apposed notwithstanding the absence of basic
      protein from this region. Surprisingly, we found that the interaction at the
      extracellular apposition of shiverer membranes is altered. The extracellular
      space swells to a greater extent than normal when nerves are incubated in
      distilled water, treated at a reduced ionic strength of 0.06 in the range of pH 4
      9, or treated at constant pH (4 or 7) in the range of ionic strengths 0.02-0.20.
      To examine the biochemical basis of this difference in swelling, we compared the
      lipid composition of shiverer and normal myelin. We find that sulfatides,
      hydroxycerebroside, and phosphatidylcholine are 20-30% higher than normal;
      nonhydroxycerebroside and sphingomyelin are 15-20% lower than normal; and
      ethanolamine phosphatides, phosphatidylserine, and cholesterol show little or no
      change. A higher concentration of negatively charged sulfatides at the
      extracellular surface likely contributes to an increased electrostatic repulsion
      and greater swelling in shiverer. The cytoplasmic surfaces of the apposed
      membranes of normal and shiverer myelins did not swell apart appreciably in the
      pH and ionic strength ranges expected to produce electrostatic repulsion. This
      stability, then, clearly does not depend on basic protein. We propose that P0
      glycoprotein molecules form the stable link between apposed cytoplasmic membrane
      surfaces in peripheral myelin.

PMID- 4056799
TI  - Cellular and secreted forms of acetylcholinesterase in mouse muscle cultures.
AB  - When grown in primary cell culture in the absence of neurons, muscle cells from a
      variety of species synthesize several forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE),
      including the collagen-tailed A12 form. A12 AChE has been the subject of much
      study because it is thought to be a major functional enzyme form normally found
      in the basal lamina at the neuromuscular junction. In this paper, we show that
      muscle fibers derived from mouse embryos and neonates are also able to synthesize
      substantial percentages of their AChE as the A12 form when grown in vitro. This
      synthesis is modulated by a process associated with spontaneous muscle
      contractile activity since both total enzyme levels and the proportion of A12
      AChE expressed on the cell surface are decreased when the cells are grown in the
      sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin, which blocks muscle contraction. On the
      other hand, when the cells are treated with veratridine, which opens sodium
      channels, thereby mimicking one aspect of muscle contraction, their AChE levels
      are comparable to those of untreated cells. Although smaller in magnitude, these
      changes are similar to those seen in rat muscle cultures. A novel feature of
      mouse muscle cultures, not seen in those from rat and chick, is the presence of a
      secreted enzyme form that sediments in the same position as the cellular A12 form
      (when separated on sucrose density gradients containing high salt) and is also
      collagenase sensitive.

PMID- 4056800
TI  - Cholinergic muscarinic receptors in human fetal brain: ontogeny of
      [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding sites in corpus striatum, brainstem, and
      cerebellum.
AB  - The ontogeny of muscarinic receptors was studied in human fetal striatum,
      brainstem, and cerebellum to investigate general principles of synaptogenesis as
      well as the physiological balance between various chemical synapses during
      development in a given region of the brain. [3H]Quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB)
      binding was assayed in total particulate fraction (TPF) from various parts of
      brain. In the corpus striatum, QNB binding sites are present at 16 weeks of
      gestation (average concentration 180 fmol/mg protein of TPF), slowly increase up
      to 24 weeks (average concentration 217 fmol/mg protein), and rapidly increase
      during the third trimester to 480 fmol/mg protein of TPF. In contrast,
      dopaminergic receptors exist as two subpopulations, one with low affinity and the
      other with high affinity up to the 24th week of gestation; all of them acquire
      the high-affinity characteristic during the third trimester. In brainstem, the
      muscarinic receptors show maximum concentration by 16 weeks of age (360 fmol/mg
      protein of TPF). Subsequently the muscarinic receptor concentration shows a
      gradual decline in the brainstem. In cerebellum, except for a slight increase at
      24 weeks (average concentration 90 fmol/mg protein of TPF), the receptor
      concentration remained nearly constant at about 60-70 fmol/mg protein of TPF
      throughout fetal life. This study demonstrates that the ontogeny of muscarinic
      receptors varies among the different regions, and the patterns observed suggest
      that receptor formation occurs principally in the third trimester. Also
      noteworthy is the finding that the QNB binding sites decreased in all regions of
      the human brain during adult life.

PMID- 4056801
TI  - Restrictive transport of a lipid-soluble peptide (cyclosporin) through the blood
      brain barrier.
AB  - The blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport of a highly lipid-soluble peptide,
      [3H]cyclosporin, was studied in ketamine-anesthetized rats using the carotid
      artery injection technique. For comparison, peptide transport into rat liver was
      also assessed with the portal vein injection technique. Despite the high lipid
      solubility of this peptide (1-octanol/Ringer's partition coefficient = 991 +/-
      55), the extraction by rat brain was only 2.9 +/- 0.5% in the presence of 80%
      human serum, and this value approximated the extraction for a poorly diffusible
      substance such as [3H]inulin, 2.0 +/- 0.1%. In contrast, the hepatic extraction
      of [3H]cyclosporin was high, 84 +/- 2%, in the presence of 80% human serum. The
      BBB transport of cyclosporin is markedly restricted owing to the combined effects
      of binding by serum proteins and a paradoxically low permeability of the BBB to
      the peptide.

PMID- 4056802
TI  - Possible artefacts in imipramine binding assays.

PMID- 4056803
TI  - Decelerating burst and complex repetitive discharges in the striated muscle of
      the urethral sphincter, associated with urinary retention in women.
AB  - A type of electromyographic activity, formerly referred to as "pseudomyotonia",
      can be recorded from the striated muscle of the urethral sphincter using a
      concentric needle electrode. There are two components to this activity, complex
      repetitive discharges and decelerating bursts. The latter usually dominate
      recordings and sound very like myotonic discharges. Analysis of these discharges
      indicates that they are a form of "bizarre repetitive discharge", and as such,
      result from ephaptic spread of excitation between muscle fibres rather than from
      excitation arising in the terminal branches of the motor axon. Profuse activity
      of this type has been found in 15 women with symptoms of urethral dysfunction,
      including 11 with urinary retention. It is suggested that this activity is
      associated with a failure of urethral sphincter relaxation.

PMID- 4056804
TI  - Autonomic neuropathy in acute intermittent porphyria.
AB  - Autonomic function was assessed in subjects with acute intermittent porphyria and
      age- and sex-matched controls using five different bedside tests of
      cardiovascular reflexes. During the acute attack both parasympathetic and
      sympathetic tests were impaired, but subsequently improved during remission.
      Early parasympathetic dysfunction was also detected during remission and in
      latent asymptomatic acute intermittent porphyria.

PMID- 4056805
TI  - A dominantly inherited lower motor neuron disorder presenting at birth with
      associated arthrogryposis.
AB  - Of a family consisting of 54 members, 44 were examined. Twenty-one showed signs
      of a clinically non-progressive congenital lower motor neuron disorder restricted
      to the lower part of the body, which resulted in arthrogryposis in 15 cases. The
      mode of inheritance is autosomal dominant with very varied expression of the
      gene.

PMID- 4056806
TI  - Luria's frontal lobe syndrome: psychological and anatomical considerations.
AB  - Luria has described a syndrome of disinhibited and impulsive behaviour, in which
      the patient is unable to follow sequential instructions. This he attributes to
      localised frontal lobe damage. However, group studies of patients with focal
      lesions of the frontal lobes fail to reveal such a syndrome. A patient is
      described who displayed a form of Luria's syndrome temporarily. Psychometric and
      post mortem evidence indicate that the syndrome arises only under conditions of
      more global cerebral dysfunction.

PMID- 4056807
TI  - Granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system: a case with recurrent
      intracerebral haemorrhage.
AB  - A 43-year-old man with a history of radiculomyelopathy developed recurrent
      intracerebral haemorrhage confirmed by CT brain scan. Cerebral angiography and
      systemic investigations showed no underlying cause for the haemorrhage. Cerebral
      biopsy at the time of evacuation of a haematoma revealed granulomatous angiitis.
      This condition may be responsive to steroids and should be considered in cases of
      intracerebral haemorrhage of obscure origin.

PMID- 4056808
TI  - Spinal cord lesions in heat stroke.
AB  - A clinical and pathological report of a patient who died 15 days after suffering
      a classic heat stroke is presented. The clinical picture was of a flaccid
      quadriplegia with anhidrosis and sphincter disturbance. The most severe
      pathological lesions were to be seen in the anterior and intermedio-lateral horns
      of the spinal cord. Hyperthermia was the only physiopathological mechanism
      demonstrated in the patient. It is suggested that the motor neurons and
      vegetative neurons of the spinal cord are specially sensitive to hyperthermia.

PMID- 4056809
TI  - Postoperative salmonella meningitis: successful treatment with cefotaxime.

PMID- 4056810
TI  - High resolution CT scan in pontine ataxic hemiparesis.

PMID- 4056811
TI  - Pseudoankylosis of the mandible following a fronto-temporal craniotomy.

PMID- 4056812
TI  - Measurement of thermal thresholds.

PMID- 4056813
TI  - Alcaptonuria with seizures.

PMID- 4056814
TI  - Lesions of the optic radiations mimicking lateral geniculate nucleus visual field
      defects.
AB  - Three patients were found to have visual field defects which involved homonymous
      horizontal sectors of the visual fields, thus mimicking field defects associated
      with lesions of the lateral geniculate nucleus. Computed tomography provided
      anatomical evidence that the responsible lesion involved the optic radiations
      rather than the lateral geniculate nucleus.

PMID- 4056815
TI  - Suspected and clinically definite multiple sclerosis: the relationship between
      CSF immunoglobulins and clinical course.
AB  - CSF immunoglobulins were examined in 103 patients with clinically definite
      multiple sclerosis, 106 patients with either suspected or progressive possible
      multiple sclerosis and 72 patients with other neurological diseases. Raised CSF
      IgG index and oligoclonal banding were found in 71% and 75% of clinically
      definite multiple sclerosis patients respectively and both tests were abnormal in
      11% of patients with other neurological diseases. The CSF IgG index and the
      presence of oligoclonal IgG did not relate to the severity or duration of
      established disease in these patients. In patients with suspected and progressive
      possible multiple sclerosis, both a raised IgG index and the presence of
      oligoclonal banding were found significantly more frequently than in the OND
      group. Abnormalities of these parameters were significantly correlated with the
      presence of an abnormal evoked response in these patients (chi 2 = 10.16 p less
      than 0.01). When 47 patients with suspected multiple sclerosis were studied
      prospectively the presence of oligoclonal banding at presentation was associated
      with development of further disease activity.

PMID- 4056816
TI  - The near-nerve sensory nerve conduction in tarsal tunnel syndrome.
AB  - The near-nerve sensory nerve conduction in the medial and lateral plantar nerves
      was studied in 25 cases of tarsal tunnel syndrome. Sensory nerve conduction was
      abnormal in 24 cases (96%) The most common abnormalities were slow nerve
      conduction velocities and dispersion phenomenon (prolonged duration of compound
      nerve action potentials). These two electrophysiological abnormalities are
      indicative of a focal segmental demyelination as the primary pathological process
      in tarsal tunnel syndrome.

PMID- 4056817
TI  - Somatosensory evoked potentials over the non-affected hemisphere in patients with
      unilateral cerebrovascular lesions.
AB  - Changes in somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) over the non-affected
      hemisphere in 61 patients with unilateral cerebrovascular lesions were studied
      using age-matched controls. The latencies showed no significant differences when
      compared to controls. In cerebral infarctions produced by occlusion of the
      perforating artery in the middle cerebral artery (MCA), the amplitudes over the
      non-affected hemisphere decreased in the acute phases, but did not change in the
      chronic phases in comparison with the controls; whereas in cerebral infarctions
      produced by occlusion of the cortical artery in the MCA, the amplitudes over the
      non-affected hemisphere increased in the chronic phases compared to controls. The
      amplitudes over the non-affected hemisphere in intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH)
      increased in the chronic phases in comparison with the controls, but in the acute
      phases, they showed no change in the cortical artery group nor in ICH. The
      increases in the amplitudes were more prominent in patients with than in patients
      without sensory impairment. These data suggest that the affected hemisphere gives
      rise to high amplitude SEPs over the non-affected hemisphere.

PMID- 4056818
TI  - Amino acid transport across the human blood-CSF barrier. An evaluation graph for
      amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - The correlation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/serum concentration quotients was
      used as a method for identification of amino acids which are transported by a
      common carrier system across the blood-CSF barrier. Isoleucine, leucine, valine,
      phenylalanine, tyrosine and lysine were found to compete for the same carrier
      system. This group of amino acids in man was found to be different from the
      system described as a neutral amino acid carrier at the blood-brain barrier in
      rats. In man, methionine and tryptophan do not compete with the other neutral
      amino acids for the same carrier system. In contrast, lysine as a basic amino
      acid is found to be correlated with the same transport system as the five neutral
      amino acids. A graph for the evaluation of pathological amino acid concentrations
      in CSF is presented. Patients with a blood-CSF barrier dysfunction for proteins
      showed partly normal, partly increased, CSF/serum concentration quotients for the
      amino acids. Hydroxyproline could be identified as a constituent of the amino
      acid pool in CSF. For proline and hydroxyproline a special control system has to
      be suggested because of their smaller biological variance in CSF than in blood.
      Contrary to the other amino acids proline and hydroxyproline have a smaller
      biological variation in CSF than in serum.

PMID- 4056819
TI  - Congenital muscular dystrophy. A histochemical study with morphometric analysis
      on biopsied muscles.
AB  - Muscle biopsies from 10 Japanese patients (9 females and 1 male) with congenital
      muscular dystrophy (CMD) were studied. Their clinical features varied remarkably
      in severity; one patient died at 6 years of age. Family history was negative in
      all but one patient who had an affected sibling. Muscle biopsy findings varied
      from mild myopathic to advanced dystrophic changes. Hypertrophic fibers
      associated with occasional fiber splitting were assumed to reflect a chronic
      dystrophic process. Histochemical examination revealed type 1 fiber predominance
      in 5 patients, and type 2 fiber predominance in one. Eight patients had a slight
      to moderate increase in the number of undifferentiated type 2C fibers suggesting
      a regenerating process after fiber necrosis. Type 2B fibers were fairly well
      preserved in 8 patients. The overall findings differed from those of the Fukuyama
      type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)
      in which more active fiber necrosis and regeneration are seen. We conclude that
      the present CMD patients suffered from a chronic dystrophic process similar to
      that in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 4056820
TI  - The use of cultured autologous Schwann cells to remyelinate areas of persistent
      demyelination in the central nervous system.
AB  - Areas of persistent demyelination were created in the dorsal columns of the cat
      spinal cord by injecting ethidium bromide into white matter which had previously
      been exposed to 40 Grays of X-irradiation. In the centre of such lesions
      demyelinated axons occurred in a glial-free area while axons next to normal
      tissue were separated by astrocyte processes. No remyelination occurs in such
      lesions (Blakemore 1984). Autologous Schwann cells and fibroblasts cultured from
      a peripheral nerve biopsy were injected into such lesions and the extent of
      Schwann cell remyelination examined. Only lesions injected with viable cells
      showed remyelination by Schwann cells; in no lesion were all the demyelinated
      axons remyelinated. Three forms of association of Schwann cell with axons were
      detected. In the centre of the lesions Schwann cells either remyelinated axons
      around or near to blood vessels, or lay next to demyelinated axons and did not
      form myelin. Schwann cell remyelination was also detected in the astrocyte
      containing areas around the edges of some lesions. It was concluded that the
      extent of Schwann cell remyelination was influenced by the mode of entry of the
      cells into the lesion and by the architecture of the lesion. The presence or
      absence of stable extracellular matrix is believed to be the prime factor which
      influenced Schwann cell remyelination. The relevance of these observations to
      artificial repair of the lesions of multiple sclerosis is discussed.

PMID- 4056821
TI  - Glabella tap sign. Is it due to a lack of R2-habituation?
AB  - In 30 patients with Parkinson's disease, 55 patients with other neurological
      disorders and 25 normal subjects, both upper eyelid movements and orbicularis
      oculi reflexes to repetitive glabella taps were simultaneously recorded using a
      newly devised apparatus for the measurement of eyelid movement. Upper lid
      movement during the blink reflex has been thought to correspond to the late
      component of the two components of the orbicularis oculi reflex, and failure of
      habituation of the late component to repetitive stimuli has been considered to be
      responsible for the glabella tap sign. However, the present study showed that the
      eyelid lowered after the early component (R1), and habituation of the late
      component (R2) was recognized in 31% of subjects with the glabella tap sign. This
      shows that there is no direct causal relationship between the glabella tap sign
      and lack of the habituation of the late component.

PMID- 4056822
TI  - High cerebrospinal fluid concentration of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
      in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus.
AB  - The concentration of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in lumbar
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was measured in 12 patients with normal pressure
      hydrocephalus (NPH) 11 patients with primary degenerative dementia (PDD), 8
      patients with various other neurological diseases, and 18 patients without signs
      of organic nervous disease (controls). Mean CSF GFAP concentration was
      significantly higher in NPH patients: 96 +/- 23 ng/ml (SEM) when compared with
      PDD patients: 8.2 +/- 1.9 ng/ml (P less than 0.01), or with controls: 4.3 +/- 0.7
      ng/ml (P less than 0.01). Only 2 NPH patients had a GFAP concentration within the
      range of the control group (2-14 ng GFAP/ml CSF). No significant differences were
      found between the PDD patients and the control group, or between the group of
      patients with other neurological diseases and the control group. In addition, a
      rostro-caudal gradient of GFAP in CSF could be demonstrated. In 6 NPH and 2 PDD
      patients both ventricular and lumbar CSF samples were investigated. In all cases
      the ventricular GFAP concentration was higher than the lumbar concentration. The
      difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.01). Our results suggest
      that determination of CSF GFAP concentration might be of diagnostic value in
      discrimination between NPH patients and patients with enlarged ventricles
      associated with degenerative brain disease.

PMID- 4056823
TI  - Vascular permeability in experimental spinal cord injury.
AB  - Following spinal cord injury in rats there was a time-dependent change of
      vascular permeability as reflected by extravasation of 125I-labelled serum
      albumin. The change of vascular permeability correlated with tissue calcium and
      water accumulation suggesting that cord exposure to plasma calcium as a
      consequence of vascular injury may contribute to the progressive post-traumatic
      cord necrosis.

PMID- 4056824
TI  - In vitro studies on the comparative sensitivities of cells of the central nervous
      system to diphtheria toxin.
AB  - We have used tissue culture techniques and cell type-specific antibodies to
      compare the sensitivity of the various cell types of the white matter tracts of
      the rat central nervous system to in vitro exposure to diphtheria toxin (DTx). We
      have found that oligodendrocytes and Type 2 astrocytes (Raff et al. 1983a), which
      at least in the rat optic nerve, appear to be derived from a single bipotential
      progenitor cell (Raff et al. 1983b), are both more susceptible to DTx than are
      either Type 1 astrocytes or spinal neurones. The loss of oligodendrocytes and
      Type 2 astrocytes caused by exposure to DTx in vitro appeared to be irreversible.
      Even when cultures were maintained for a month following initial treatment with
      DTx, these glial populations were not reestablished, suggesting that precursors
      for these macroglial cell types were as sensitive to the effects of DTx as were
      the oligodendrocytes and Type 2 astrocytes themselves. Our results are discussed
      in the light of the failure of diphtheritic lesions to remyelinate in vivo.

PMID- 4056825
TI  - Ribosomal protein synthesis in cultured skin fibroblast cells obtained from
      patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Ribosomes and ribosomal subunits were extracted from cultured skin fibroblasts
      from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). A poly(U)-directed
      polyphenylalanine synthesis system was used to test 80S ribosomes from DMD cells
      and normal controls as well as hybrid 80S couples of subunits from DMD cells and
      control cells. The activity of ribosomes extracted from the patients was 38-62%
      lower than that of normal controls. Of the 80S hybrid ribosomes, only those
      consisting of 40S subunits from DMD cells and 60S subunits from the control
      cells, showed a similar decrease in activity. That means that the defect is
      exclusively based on an alteration in the small ribosomal subunit.

PMID- 4056826
TI  - A morphometric study of nerve fiber atrophy in rat spinal roots.
AB  - A morphometric study of atrophy of nerve fibers was made in the ventral and
      dorsal roots of rats, four to 48 weeks (wk) after transection of their sciatic
      nerves and with regeneration prevented. The pathophysiological events of fiber
      atrophy may be summarized as follows: wasting of the axon caliber coincides with
      a loss of neurofilaments with relative preservation of microtubules. This leads
      to non-circularity of the fiber, evident from four wk on. The caliber of the
      circular profile is also reduced. Adaptive changes in myelin sheath structure
      follow. Thinner fibers with relatively thick sheaths are first detectable after
      eight wk and prominent after 24 to 48 wk. This change may indicate passive
      slippage of the sheath, but sheath remodelling in adjustment to a changed
      internodal geometry appears more likely.

PMID- 4056827
TI  - Topography of the human corpus callosum.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine the topographical organization of fibers
      coursing through the human corpus callosum. We correlated the distribution of
      Wallerian degeneration in the corpus callosum with the anatomical sites of focal
      cortical lesions due to ischemic infarctions or circumscribed contusions. Fibers
      from the inferior frontal and anterior inferior parietal regions course through
      the rostrum and genu of the corpus callosum. Callosal connections from the
      temporo-parieto-occipital junctional region course through the splenium and
      caudal portion of the body of the corpus callosum. Both the superior parietal
      lobule and the occipital cortex give rise to interhemispheric fibers that course
      exclusively through the splenium of the corpus callosum. No callosal degeneration
      was associated with a cortical lesion in the anterior superior frontal region.
      The topographical organization of fibers in the human corpus callosum appears to
      be fairly similar to that found in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).

PMID- 4056828
TI  - Establishment and characterization of the human medulloblastoma cell line and
      transplantable xenograft D283 Med.
AB  - A new continuous cell line and transplantable xenograft, D283 Med, was derived
      from the peritoneal implant and ascitic fluid of a child with metastatic
      medulloblastoma and grew in vitro in suspension culture with spontaneous
      macroscopic spheroid formation. The in vitro population doubling time was 52.55
      hours. Mean colony forming efficiency in an agarose medium was 1.83 +/- 0.56%.
      The cell line, D283 Med, grew in athymic mice as serially transplantable
      intracranial and subcutaneous xenografts. Intracranial tumors grew as masses of
      small cells with scant cytoplasm and abundant mitotic figures and prominent
      anuclear zones resembling neuroblastic rosettes. Subcutaneous (SQ) tumors were
      markedly cellular neoplasms but did not contain rosettes. They expressed
      glutamine synthetase, neuron-specific enolase and neurofilament protein. Glial
      fibrillary acidic protein and S-100 protein were not detected. The SQ tumors grew
      to 500 mm3 with a latency of 52.55 +/- 12.5 days and a doubling time of 9.33 +/-
      2.39 days. The stemline karyotypes of the peritoneal implant and ascitic fluid
      cells contained an extra copy of chromosome number 11 and three marker
      chromosomes (8q+, 17p+, 20q+). The cultured cell line and subcutaneous and
      intracranial xenografts retained the three marker chromosomes and differed from
      the original karyotype only in that they lacked the additional copy of chromosome
      number 11. This cell line and transplantable xenograft may allow further analysis
      of the biological properties and therapeutic sensitivity of human
      medulloblastoma.

PMID- 4056829
TI  - Intracellular mucoid changes in tumor cells of meningiomas: a manifestation of
      polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) effect on tissues with mesenchymal characteristics.
AB  - In two cases of meningiomas in Taiwanese patients, extensive intracellular mucoid
      changes were found within tumor cells, together with deposits of
      polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) granules. Both patients had in the past received
      intravenous PVP as a plasma expander. Recipients of PVP have previously been
      reported to develop a form of PVP thesaurismosis with concomitant mucoid changes
      in the cells storing this substance. Such changes, as a rule, were limited to
      cells of mesenchymal origin. By storing PVP granules and undergoing mucoid
      changes as a result, meningioma tumor cells behave as cells with mesenchymal
      characteristics.

PMID- 4056830
TI  - Intermediate filaments in meningiomas.
AB  - The presence of intermediate filaments (IF) (diameter 10 nm) is a characteristic
      electron microscopic finding in the cytoplasm of meningioma cells. To identify
      these IF, immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratins and vimentin and two
      dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblot analysis were
      applied to a group of 16 meningiomas. Thirteen meningiomas were obtained directly
      from surgery and three came from an autopsy in which they were found in close
      proximity as discrete tumor masses. Except for the angioblastic type, all major
      histological variants were represented (nine transitional, four syncytial, and
      three fibroblastic). None of the meningiomas stained for epithelial or internal
      organ cytokeratins. With monoclonal antibodies, each of the meningiomas stained
      positively for vimentin. Two-D gels revealed vimentin and vimentin breakdown
      products as the only IF present; these findings were verified by immunoblots. The
      study concludes that vimentin is the IF present in fibroblastic, syncytial, and
      transitional meningiomas.

PMID- 4056831
TI  - Vascular changes accompanying hemorrhage in benign hypertension often poorly
      described by standard textbooks.

PMID- 4056832
TI  - Adrenoleukodystrophy without adrenal insufficiency and its magnetic resonance
      imaging.
AB  - Fatty acids of plasma and erythrocyte membrane sphingomyelin were determined by
      gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) without
      adrenal insufficiency. Mass chromatogram tracing with the ion at m/z 143
      [(CH2)6COOH3]+ showed increases of saturated very long chain fatty acids in
      plasma and erythrocyte membrane sphingomyelin in ALD. The C26:0/C22:0 ratios in
      plasma were 0.121, 0.057 and 0.007 in cases 1 and 2, and a control subject,
      respectively. The C26:0/C22:0 ratios in erythrocyte membrane sphingomyelin were
      0.386, 0.211 and 0.093 in cases 1 and 2 and the control subject, respectively.
      The demyelinating process of ALD was clearly observed in both the inversion
      recovery 2100/500 and spin echo 2100/80 scans on magnetic resonance imaging. The
      magnetic resonance image in case 1 revealed widespread demyelinated lesions,
      involving almost the entire cerebrum and cerebellum, at 4 years after the onset,
      while that in case 2 revealed demyelinated lesions mainly limited to parieto
      occipital areas at 1 year after the onset.

PMID- 4056833
TI  - Smell and other sensory disturbances in migraine.
AB  - Osmophobia or hyperosmia featured in 25 of 50 migraineurs during the headache
      phase of their attacks. Pleasant or unpleasant odours could precipitate migraines
      in 11 patients in this series. Other sensory disturbances and precipitants were
      also studied. Neurological precipitation of attacks provides further support for
      a primary neural rather than a vascular pathogenesis of migraine.

PMID- 4056834
TI  - Long-term prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhages of unknown etiology.
AB  - Forty-nine patients who suffered a spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and
      in whom panangiography did not show the cause of the bleeding, were evaluated
      after a long follow-up (median 8 years). No relationship was found between
      outcome and antifibrinolytic treatment or blood pressure level. Angiography was
      repeated in cases with spasm or after rebleeding: one aneurysm was found (7%).
      The authors suggest that angiography should be repeated in these circumstances.
      The early mortality was 2%. Late functional capacity was normal in 94% of the
      patients. No particular restrictions should therefore be recommended.

PMID- 4056835
TI  - Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis associated with Evans' syndrome of haemolytic
      anaemia.
AB  - A case of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis associated with Evans' syndrome of
      immune haemolytic anaemia is reported. The neurological symptoms and signs were
      headaches, right quadrant hemianopia, dyslexia without agraphia, motor aphasia,
      numbness in and weakness of the right upper extremity, papilloedema and coma. The
      cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, involving cerebral veins, superior sagittal
      sinus and straight sinus, was diagnosed by cerebral angiography. It is noteworthy
      that the superior sagittal sinus thrombosis occurred during a haematological
      recovery period, with rapid responses to treatment with 6-mercaptopurine and high
      doses of adrenocorticosteroids. Following a reduction in the doses of these
      drugs, the symptoms and signs related to the superior sagittal sinus thrombosis
      gradually subsided, and the haematological pictures remained in remission.

PMID- 4056836
TI  - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A study of its presentation and prognosis.
AB  - All identified Israeli patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with
      onset of the disease from 1959 through 1975 (n = 318) were evaluated clinically.
      Most of our patients (63%) presented with weakness; only 10% presented with
      atrophy and 3% with fasciculations. In 31% of the cases, the onset of the disease
      was focal and 22% of the patients presented with bulbar signs, but only 6
      patients presented with emotional lability (pseudo-bulbar). Twelve per cent of
      the patients presented with muscle cramps, pain or paraesthesia. Atypical signs
      such as motor cranial nerve lesion, dementia, sphincter disturbance and deep
      sensation loss are discussed. A relatively high proportion of our patients
      suffered from malignant tumour, but with no association with any specific tumour.
      The median survival time was 3 years. Patients with onset of their disease with
      bulbar signs had a shorter life expectancy (2.2 years): Twenty nine per cent of
      our patients survived for more than 5 years and 16% for more than 10 years.

PMID- 4056837
TI  - Acute hepatitis in a patient treated with carbamazepine.
AB  - A case of serious acute hepatic damage probably induced by carbamazepine (CBZ) is
      described. A 4-year-old patient with generalized tonic-clonic seizures was
      started on CBZ after various ineffective therapies. On the 10th day of CBZ
      therapy, he was readmitted to the hospital because of reappearance of fits, and
      went into hepatic coma. On the hypothesis that he was suffering an acute toxic
      reaction to CBZ, the drug was withdrawn (the serum level was not toxic) and the
      patient was subjected to peritoneal dialysis. The patient was discharged after 15
      days in general conditions similar to those preceding the comatose state. The
      type of hepatic damage revealed by the laboratory tests and the early appearance
      of the clinical symptoms with non-toxic serum CBZ levels support the hypothesis
      of an idiosyncratic reaction to CBZ.

PMID- 4056838
TI  - Cheiro-oral syndrome following midbrain haemorrhage.
AB  - Cheiro-oral syndrome, a sensory disturbance of the corner of the mouth and the
      palm of the hand due to a lesion in the midbrain has never been reported
      previously. We describe a 67-year-old woman with cheiro-oral syndrome following
      midbrain haemorrhage confirmed by computed tomographic (CT) scan. A CT scan and
      neurological findings showed that the syndrome was due to a lesion in the medial
      lemniscus of left midbrain. Consequently, not only parietal lobe lesions and
      limited lesions in the inferior medial portion of the posterolateral ventral
      nucleus (VPL) and lateral part of the posteromedial ventral nucleus (VPM), but
      also damage to a restricted group of fibres reaching these nuclei, may cause
      cheiro-oral syndrome.

PMID- 4056839
TI  - Bilateral traumatic extracranial aneurysms of the internal carotid artery with
      delayed brain infarction.
AB  - A 24-year-old woman with a left-sided cerebral infarction presented with
      hemiplegia and aphasia. Five months earlier she had had a closed head injury.
      Angiography revealed bilateral extracranial post-traumatic aneurysms of the
      internal carotid artery at the atlanto-axial level. There was full recovery
      without operative treatment within a week.

PMID- 4056840
TI  - Cisplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine (CMV): an effective chemotherapy regimen
      for metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract. A Northern
      California Oncology Group study.
AB  - Fifty-eight patients with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary
      tract received cisplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine (CMV) combination
      chemotherapy. Complete responses (CRs) were noted in 14 of the 50 (28%) evaluable
      patients and partial responses (PRs) in 14 patients for an overall response rate
      of 56% (95% confidence limits of 42% to 70%). The median duration of the 14 CRs
      was 9 months. Six of the 14 CRs (43%) remain in unmaintained remission from 6 +
      to 35 + months from onset of treatment. The median survival of evaluable patients
      receiving CMV was 8 months. Median survival for CRs was 11 months v 7 months for
      PRs (P less than .05) and 6 months for nonresponders. Renal and hematologic
      toxicities with this regimen were moderate. CMV is an effective regimen for
      patients with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Prolonged
      disease-free survival may result from a CR to this regimen.

PMID- 4056841
TI  - A prospective evaluation of 5-fluorouracil plus cisplatin in advanced squamous
      cell cancer of the head and neck.
AB  - Recent studies have shown improved efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with
      advanced squamous-cell cancer of the head and neck. Our purpose was to evaluate
      prospectively the activity of cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in 37 patients
      with advanced stage IV squamous-cell cancer of the head and neck. There were two
      groups. Group 1 consisted of 19 previously untreated patients with either T4 or
      N3 disease. They received 100 mg/m2 cisplatin (days 1 and 28) and 120-hour
      infusion of 1,000 mg/m2/24 hours 5FU (days 1 to 5 and 28 to 32). They
      subsequently were offered preoperative radiotherapy (RT) and surgery. Group 2
      consisted of 18 previously treated patients. They received 5FU and cisplatin in
      the same dosage every 28 days for either recurrent or metastatic disease. It was
      found that in group 1 there was an 84% response rate (five complete responses
      (CR) and 11 partial responses (PR) ). Three of those with PR achieved a CR after
      RT. Seven patients have had RT plus surgery and are disease free at 8 to 27 month
      follow-up. Six patients (one CR, five PR) refused surgery and progressed within 4
      months. In group 2 there was an 11% response rate after two cycles (two PR),
      three patients had a minimal response (MR, less than 50% response) and received a
      mean of four cycles of treatment. Three patients with stable disease received a
      mean of four cycles of chemotherapy until progression. Two of 11 patients who had
      received previous chemotherapy plus RT showed an MR; nine of these patients had
      shown a response to their previous chemotherapy. Only one of 14 patients who had
      RT plus chemotherapy had a PR, and three had MR. Of five patients who had
      previous surgery, only one had a PR. All five had received chemotherapy as well.
      It was concluded that 5FU plus cisplatin is an effective combination in
      previously untreated patients. In previously treated patients with recurrent
      disease, there is a substantially lower response rate.

PMID- 4056842
TI  - Plasma cell acid phosphatase activity as prognostic factor in multiple myeloma:
      relationship to the thymidine-labeling index.
AB  - Plasma cell acid phosphatase (AP) activity and thymidine labeling index (LI%)
      were evaluated concomitantly in 52 patients with monoclonal gammopathies. AP
      score, percentage of AP positive plasma cells, and LI% were significantly higher
      in 26 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) at the time of diagnosis than in 11
      monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and eight smoldering
      myeloma (SM) patients. LI% had the highest statistical correlation with disease
      status. A 1% cutoff could clearly separate the patients with progressive MM
      compared to those with stable disease (SM-MGUS) (P less than .001). There was a
      significant overall correlation between the AP score and LI% (P less than .005).
      Since LI% is a recognized powerful prognostic factor, this correlation suggests
      that the AP score can also be a reliable test predicting patient survival
      duration. In addition, we identified a subgroup of IgG MM patients with very high
      tumor mass who had a low LI% but a high AP score. This was associated with very
      poor patient survival and indicated the discrete prognostic importance of AP
      score in this subgroup with low LI%. Thus, both the LI% and AP score can be
      recommended as helpful clinical tests in patients with monoclonal gammopathies.

PMID- 4056843
TI  - Antitumor activity of recombinant-derived interferon alpha in metastatic renal
      cell carcinoma.
AB  - Fifty-six patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were treated with
      recombinant DNA-derived interferon alpha (rIFN alpha A). The first 30 patients
      were randomized between doses of 2 X 10(6) U/m2 and 20 X 10(6) U/m2
      intramuscularly daily. No complete (CR) or partial (PR) remissions were achieved
      in 15 patients receiving the low dose. In contrast, 27% of those receiving the
      high dose achieved CR or PR. Subsequently, 26 additional patients were given the
      high dose and achieved a 31% response rate. Remissions lasted from 1 to more than
      12 months (median, 3 months). Responses occurred predominantly in lung parenchyma
      or mediastinal node metastases. Toxicity of the high dose required dose reduction
      in 50% of the patients. Neutralizing antibodies to rIFN alpha A developed in
      seven of 12 responsive (58%) and nine of 29 (31%) nonresponsive patients (P =
      greater than .5). The median duration of remission among the antibody-positive
      and antibody-negative patients were 2 and 10 months, respectively (P = .009). The
      clinical significance of the antibodies to rIFN alpha A remains unclear, but the
      coincidence between the detection of antibodies and the early relapse of the
      disease in some responsive patients suggests that these antibodies may abrogate
      the biologic activity of rIFN alpha A. This effect, however, was not associated
      with adverse clinical sequelae.

PMID- 4056844
TI  - Detorubicin--an active anthracycline in untreated metastatic melanoma.
AB  - A phase II study of detorubicin, the semisynthetic 14-diethoxyacetoxy ester of
      daunorubicin, was conducted in 42 patients with metastatic melanoma. The drug was
      administered in a dose range of 120 to 180 mg/m2 and repeated at 3-week
      intervals. One clinical complete remission (soft tissue) and seven partial
      responses (three visceral and four soft tissue) were observed among the 22
      patients who had undergone no prior chemotherapy, a complete and partial response
      rate of 36%. The duration of response varied from 2 to 27 months with a median of
      10 months. There were also four (19%) minor responses (one visceral and three
      soft tissue). In contrast, among the 20 patients who had undergone prior
      chemotherapy treatment, only three patients showed a minor response. General
      toxicities were acceptable and were similar to those of Adriamycin (Adria
      Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio). Cardiac toxicity was evaluated by cardiac biopsy
      and radionuclide scan. Cardiac biopsy changes were identical to those observed
      with Adriamycin and were progressive with cumulative dose. One patient had a high
      grade biopsy at a cumulative detorubicin dose of 1,420 mg/m2. Similarly, a trend
      of decreasing ejection fraction with cumulative dose was noted. Only one patient
      developed congestive heart failure at a cumulative dose of 1,290 mg/m2, that was
      well compensated with digoxin and diuretics. In contrast to Adriamycin,
      detorubicin has shown activity in previously untreated patients with metastatic
      melanoma.

PMID- 4056845
TI  - The use of computed tomography of the spine to identify patients at high risk for
      epidural metastases.
AB  - The usefulness of spinal computed tomography (CT) in predicting the presence of
      epidural tumor was evaluated in cancer patients undergoing CT myelography for
      suspected epidural tumor. Two hundred ninety two vertebral levels were evaluated
      in 30 patients. Spinal CT demonstrated cortical disruption surrounding the
      epidural space from metastatic cancer in 109 vertebrae. Eighty-five (78%) of
      these vertebral levels had tumor extension into the adjacent epidural space. The
      incidence of epidural tumor adjacent to vertebrae which had normal spinal CT or
      metastatic tumor without cortical disruption was 11%. Eighty-six percent of the
      epidural tumor adjacent to these vertebrae were a result of craniocaudal tumor
      extension in the epidural space from adjacent vertebral levels with cortical
      disruption. Twenty-one of 23 patients (91%) with cortical disruption at more than
      one vertebral level on spinal CT had epidural tumor. Synchronous noncontiguous
      epidural lesions were observed in 38% of patients with epidural tumor. Spinal CT
      is an important diagnostic test in determining which patients are at high risk
      for epidural tumor. Myelography should be performed in all patients with
      suspected epidural tumor to accurately define the full extent of tumor.

PMID- 4056847
TI  - Volume doubling approach to tumor measurement.

PMID- 4056846
TI  - Absence of major depressive disorder in female cancer patients.
AB  - This investigation evaluated the prevalence of depression in female patients who
      had cancer in any of five predesignated sites. Five hundred five women aged 17 to
      80 (190 with breast cancer, 143 with gynecologic malignancies, 111 with melanoma,
      37 with bowel cancer, and 24 with lymphoma) were randomly screened. Assessment
      included the Hamilton rating scale for depression, the Zung self-rating
      depression scale, the Karnofsky performance scale, and a 10-cm visual pain
      analogue line. The results revealed a mean Hamilton of 10.2 (range, 0 to 41; SD,
      7.5), a mean Zung score of 35.3 (range, 11 to 68; SD, 9.6), a Karnofsky median
      score of 80, and a median pain score of 0. Scores on the Zung scale were highly
      correlated with those of the Hamilton scale (r = .75). Based on cutoff scores
      accepted as indicating depression (Hamilton greater than or equal to 20 and Zung
      greater than or equal to 50), patients were depressed. The depressed subgroup was
      in significantly more pain, experienced greater physical disability, and was more
      likely to have had prior episodes of depression as compared to the non-depressed
      women. The two best predictors of current depression were performance status
      (Karnofsky) and history of depression. No relationship was found between
      depression and other demographic variables or disease parameters (diagnosis, time
      since diagnosis, stage or phase of illness, and current treatment). Our findings
      indicate that the prevalence of major depression in cancer patients is lower than
      many previous studies have indicated and falls within the range seen in the
      general population.

PMID- 4056848
TI  - Treatment of pathologic stages IA and IIA Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 4056849
TI  - The embryonal or 'primitive' tumors of the central nervous system.

PMID- 4056850
TI  - A new technique to register proliferation of clonogenic cells from brain tumors.
AB  - The soft agar technique for culturing human clonogenic tumor cells has been
      usefully applied for predicting individual clinical responses to chemotherapy,
      for screening of new antineoplastic drugs, and in basic biological research. The
      counting of colonies formed by clonogenic cells is, however, a rather time
      consuming and inaccurate procedure. We here report a method to combine the easy
      and precise registration of DNA-synthesis by 3H-thymidine incorporation with the
      ability of soft agar to permit proliferation of clonogenic cells and inhibit
      proliferation of non-neoplastic cells. The glioma cell lines U 251 MG and T-MG 1,
      the benignant glia cells T-BG 1, T-BG 2, T-BG 3 and fibroblasts were cultured in
      Furcellaran gel. Twenty hours before harvesting 3H-thymidine was added. The
      Furcellaran gel was resolved by 50 mM LiI. The cells were trapped on glass fiber
      filters and incorporated radioactivity was measured. 3H-thymidine incorporation
      in malignant cells increased exponentially with time, while 3H-thymidine
      incorporation in the benignant glia cells and fibroblasts was inhibited. The
      correlation between number of colonies counted after 16 days and 3H-thymidine
      incorporation registered after different culture times was very good. The
      correlation was best when the cultures were harvested after 8 days (r = 0.95),
      indicating that it is possible to reduce the assay time. The five glioma biopsies
      tested grew well with a mean plating efficiency of 0.4% (range 0.02-1.8%). The
      most intense proliferation seemed to take place during the first week in culture.
      The good correlation between 3H-thymidine incorporation on day 7 and colony
      number on day 14 (r = 0.93), indicate that reduction of assay time is possible
      also for the glioma biopsies.

PMID- 4056851
TI  - Photoradiation therapy of 9L-gliosarcoma in rats: hematoporphyrin derivative
      (types I and II) followed by laser energy.
AB  - Suspensions of 9L-gliosarcoma cells were inoculated into the brain or flank of
      rats and photoradiation therapy (PRT) was applied to the resulting tumors. The
      PRT consisted of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD), type I or II, followed by
      single-fiber laser energy 24, 48, or 72 h later. Necrotic foci in brain tumors
      were most numerous following laser exposure 24 h after HpD; they were more than
      twice as common, and with less damage to healthy tissue, after HpD II than after
      HpD I with the same laser dose. Neither lifespan nor the final weight of brain
      tumor was affected by the type of HpD or whether PRT was applied once or twice.
      In rats with flank tumor, multiple PRT (up to X 4) did not delay tumor growth;
      also, 11 of 12 PRT-treated flank tumors grew after implantation at various sites
      in healthy rats. We conclude that HpD II is a more effective photosensitizer than
      HpD I. However, the value of PRT will be limited until a lethal dose of laser
      energy can be delivered throughout a tumor without destroying vital healthy
      tissue.

PMID- 4056852
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of 11C-BCNU in experimental brain tumor.
AB  - Wistar rats implanted intracerebrally with AA ascites tumor were injected seven
      or eight days later with 11C-labelled BCNU. Radioactive compounds in samples of
      plasma, tumor, and contralateral brain were identified after injection at
      intervals by doing chloroform extraction and thin layer radiochromatography. At
      60 min after injection radioactivity levels were 56% higher in the tumor than in
      contralateral brain. This increase was due mainly to 2-chlorethyl isocyanate,
      which binds to amino groups and/or nucleic acid. The results demonstrated both a
      higher concentration and a faster decomposition of BCNU in the tumor.

PMID- 4056853
TI  - Phase II evaluation of diaziquone (CI-904, AZQ) in the treatment of human
      malignant glioma.
AB  - Diaziquone, a new alkylating agent which crosses the blood brain barrier, has
      shown a 20% response rate in phase II studies in heavily pretreated patients. We
      have treated 23 patients at our institution as part of a multicentric phase II
      European trial of diaziquone. All had histologically proven malignant glioma
      unequivocally progressing on CT scan. Prior therapy had consisted of surgical
      excision (13 patients), cobalt radiotherapy to CNS (13 patients), and
      chemotherapy with nitrosourea derivatives (11 patients). Six patients had no
      prior therapy. Median age was 42 years (range 22-69) and performance status was
      3+ or better. They were treated with monthly courses of diaziquone 5.5 mg/m2 I.V.
      (10 min.) X 5 days. Dosage adjustments were made according to leucocyte and
      platelet nadirs. Thrombocytopenia was the dose limiting toxicity. Very mild
      gastrointestinal toxicity was observed. One patient developed hemolytic anemia.
      One complete response (clinical and CT scan), 7 partial clinical responses (3:
      greater than 50%, 4: 25-50%), and 1 disease stabilization (less than 25%) were
      documented. The longest response has now lasted over 26 months. These preliminary
      results show that chemotherapy with diaziquone can achieve a response rate as
      high as 35% in malignant glioma even in patients previously treated with a
      chemotherapy regimen including a nitrosourea (four of the seven objective
      responses were seen in such patients). Diaziquone is well tolerated and deserves
      further study in the management of malignant glioma.

PMID- 4056854
TI  - Spinal carcinomatous metastases. Retrospective study of 67 surgically treated
      cases.
AB  - A series of 67 surgically treated spinal carcinomatous metastases is reviewed in
      order to establish the role played by surgery in the management of such a
      disease. The authors compare the results achieved in two groups of patients
      treated with a different therapeutic approach: either surgery alone or surgery
      associated with other therapies (mainly radiotherapy). On this basis, although no
      ideal treatment for spinal epidural metastases can be established, the authors
      suggest decompressive laminectomy as a first choice approach in the treatment of
      patients bearing a scarcely radiosensitive spinal metastasis with a rapidly
      deteriorating motor function.

PMID- 4056855
TI  - Regional glucose utilization and blood flow in experimental brain tumors studied
      by double tracer autoradiography.
AB  - Coupling of regional glucose utilization (GLU) and blood flow (CBF) was examined
      in rats with implanted brain tumors (AA ascites tumor) by quantitative double
      tracer autoradiography using 18F-2-fluorodeoxyglucose and 14C-iodoantipyrine.
      Four to 13 days after implantation, the animals were injected with the two
      tracers to obtain autoradiograms from the same brain section before and after the
      decay of 18F. The autoradiograms were then analyzed by an image processor to
      obtain a metabolic coupling index (MCI = GLU/CBF). In the tumor, high GLU and low
      CBF were uncoupled to give a high MCI which implied anerobic glycolysis. In large
      tumors, the CBF was even lower. In the peri-tumoral region, GLU was reduced
      (especially in gray matter) and reduction was lowest around the larger tumors.
      CBF in the peri-tumoral region was also reduced, but this reduction became less
      as the distance from the tumor margin increased. These changes in the peri
      tumoral region may be secondary to edema. The GLU and CBF of white matter was
      little influenced by the presence of tumors except for some reduction in these
      values in relation to the larger tumors. On a narrow margin of tumor and brain,
      corresponding to a zone of increased vascularity, CBF was moderately high. The
      MCI in the tumor was higher than in the cortex of the same as well as the
      opposite hemisphere. These findings indicate that the metabolism and blood flow
      of the tumor and surrounding brain are variable and directly related to tumor
      size.

PMID- 4056856
TI  - Reduced metabolic response of the aged rat brain to haloperidol.
AB  - Local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) was determined in 49 brain regions of 3
      , 12-, 24-, and 33-month-old awake Fischer-344 rats, at 30 to 120 min after
      administration of the dopaminergic antagonist haloperidol (HAL) at 1 mg/kg
      (i.p.). The quantitative autoradiographic [14C]-2-deoxyglucose technique was
      employed. In 3-month rats, HAL produced statistically significant (p less than
      0.05) reductions in LCGU in 63% of the brain regions examined, including those
      having dopaminergic as well as non-dopaminergic function. With increasing age,
      LCGU was progressively less affected by HAL. Significant declines in LCGU
      occurred in 21 to 23% of the observed regions in 12- and 24-month rats, and in
      10% of the 49 regions in 33-month-old rats. The peak effects of HAL on LCGU
      occurred later in the 33-month- than in the 3-month-old rats (90 and 60 min after
      HAL, respectively). The behavioral effect (catalepsy) of HAL was less in old than
      in young rats. Age-related differences in the cerebral metabolic and behavioral
      responsivities of rats to HAL are not due to differences in brain concentrations
      of HAL, as higher concentrations are obtained in older animals (Kapetanovic,
      I.M., D.J. Sweeney, and S.I. Rapoport (1982) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 221: 434
      438). The differences correlate with known age-dependent structural and
      biochemical deficits of the central dopaminergic system and indicate reduced
      functioning of that system in the rat brain after 12 months of age.

PMID- 4056857
TI  - Giant Aplysia neuron R2 reliably forms strong chemical connections in vitro.
AB  - The giant cholinergic neuron R2 of Aplysia was cultured in combination with
      identified neurons L11 and R15 and members of a group of left upper quadrant
      (LUQ) cells L2 to L6 from the abdominal ganglion. All of these neurons receive
      cholinergic input from other cells in vivo, but not from R2. In vitro, R2
      reliably formed unidirectional chemical connections with these cells. Single
      action potentials in R2 produced a dual fast and slow inhibitory response in LUQ
      cells (L2 to L6), a dual fast inhibitory-slow excitatory response in L11, and a
      slow inhibitory response in R15. The connections formed on LUQ cells were
      characteristic of their cholinergic input, but the R2-L11 and the R2-R15
      connections also had noncholinergic properties. Thus, unlike L10 which forms
      connections only with its normal targets in vitro, R2 forms strong chemical
      connections with other neurons which are not found in vivo. The properties of the
      R2 connections also suggest that it may release another neurotransmitter besides
      acetylcholine.

PMID- 4056858
TI  - Synaptogenesis by single identified neurons in vitro: contribution of rapidly
      transported and newly synthesized proteins.
AB  - The object of these studies is to define the molecular events that occur during
      synaptogenesis. Our approach is to use single identified Aplysia neurons grown in
      culture under conditions where chemical synapses are formed. In this report we
      studied synapses established by R2, a giant cholinergic neuron, onto neurons R15
      and L11, and a group of left upper quadrant (LUQ) cells. The detailed
      electrophysiology of these contacts was described in the preceding paper
      (Schacher, S., S. G. Rayport, and R. T. Ambron (1985) (J. Neurosci. 5: 2851
      2856). Within the animal, R2 synapses on thousands of unicellular mucus glands in
      the skin. R2 growing in vitro will establish contacts with isolated mucus glands.
      Although we do not know whether a functional synapse is formed, electron
      microscopy shows that the membrane in the area of contact is differentiated and
      that the ending is filled with various types of vesicles. A single R2
      regenerating neurites in vitro synthesizes more than 300 polypeptides containing
      [35S]methionine. Many of these are subsequently transported into the growing
      neurites. We compared the newly synthesized proteins made by R2 before and after
      synapse formation and found that the expression of a 68-kilodalton (kd) and 72-kd
      protein was markedly enhanced after synaptogenesis. The finding that only two
      proteins were affected implies that many of the proteins required for synapse
      formation are present in R2 prior to contacting a target cell. Support for this
      idea was obtained when we compared the proteins present in R2's neurites in vitro
      with those that are rapidly transported to R2's mature synapses in vivo (Ambron,
      R. T., S. Schacher, and S. G. Rayport (1985) J. Neurosci. 5: 2866-2873).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4056859
TI  - Proteins rapidly transported to the synapses of a single identified neuron of
      Aplysia californica.
AB  - The cell body of R2, a giant cholinergic neuron of Aplysia californica, resides
      in the abdominal ganglion, whereas its synapses are on thousands of unicellular
      mucus glands located in the skin. Due to the great spatial separation between the
      site of macromolecular synthesis and the presynaptic terminals, rapid axonal
      transport can be used to segregate synaptic proteins from those to be used
      elsewhere in the cell. The proteins of R2 were labeled by incubating the
      abdominal ganglion in [35S]methionine for 5 hr in a chamber separated from the
      rest of the isolated central nervous system. After 50 hr, 28 radiolabeled
      proteins were reproducibly found by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis to be transported to the distal regions of peripheral nerves P6,
      P7, and P8 that innervate the parapodia and middle body wall. We are sure that R2
      is the source of these proteins since radioautography of sections taken
      throughout the nervous system, complemented by cobalt tracings, showed that R2 is
      the only neuron in the abdominal ganglion with axons in these nerves. Nine of the
      28 transported proteins are glycoproteins since they were also labeled after
      injecting R2's cell body with [3H]-L-fucose. There is evidence that the proteins
      and glycoproteins are destined for R2's presynaptic terminals. For example, in
      experiments in which the body wall and parapodium remained attached to the
      nerves, the proteins were transported to the skin region that contains the
      glands. Moreover, analyses of the distribution of the rapidly transported
      proteins by qualitative radioautography and by extrusion of axoplasm indicated
      that none are constituents of the axolemma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4056860
TI  - On the mechanism by which phenytoin blocks post-tetanic potentiation at the frog
      neuromuscular junction.
AB  - Post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) was elicited at the frog sartorius and cutaneous
      pectoris neuromuscular junctions. A 30-sec, 30-Hz tetanus produced a 2- to 3-fold
      post-tetanic increase in endplate potential (EPP). In surface-recorded responses
      this PTP decayed in a double exponential way with time constants of 12.7 sec +/-
      2.4 (SEM) and 146.8 sec +/- 36.6. In acute experiments 0.2 to 0.8 mM phenytoin
      (5,5-diphenylhydantoin, DPH) dramatically and reversibly reduced the early
      component. The late component was also reduced, although to a lesser extent and
      often not reversibly. DPH reduced PTP even when there was no failure of the EPP
      during the tetanus. Thus, the DPH effect did not require a complete block of the
      presynaptic action potential. At longer exposures and higher DPH concentrations
      EPP failures did develop, and this was associated with a more profound
      suppression of PTP. PTP was also elicited in tetrodotoxin (TTX)-containing
      solutions using electronic stimulation of nerve terminals to elicit transmitter
      release. This PTP had a much shorter duration (about 30 sec) than that seen in
      normal Ringer's solution and was followed by depression of EPP amplitudes. Thus,
      sodium entry into nerve terminals enables a mechanism which greatly prolongs PTP.
      DPH had no effect on PTP in TTX. These results, together with others in the
      literature, suggest that the reduction of PTP by DPH involves a graded reduction
      of sodium influx into nerve terminals during high rates of axon stimulation. The
      development of all-or-none failures of the presynaptic action potential results
      in even greater suppression of PTP.

PMID- 4056861
TI  - Responses to odors mapped in snail tentacle and brain by [14C]-2-deoxyglucose
      autoradiography.
AB  - The method of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiography has been widely used to map
      functional neuronal systems in vertebrates, but in invertebrate species, where
      morphological dimensions favor its use, the applications have been minimal. This
      study uses [14C]-2-DG to map the olfactory system of a terrestrial snail,
      Achatina fulica. The olfactory organ in the snail's tentacles bears a striking
      resemblance to the vertebrate olfactory mucosa. There are also complex neural
      structures in the tentacle and brain that are devoted to subsequent processing.
      These facts make the molluscan olfactory system a suitable complement to the
      traditional vertebrate and insect models in olfaction. The experiments utilized
      intact snails in which one tentacle was exposed to a controlled odor environment
      while the contralateral tentacle was held in a retracted position. The dose of
      [14C]-2-DG (2 microCi/gm) was injected into the hemocele. Tissue processing
      involved freeze-substitution with acetone, dry sectioning, and the preparation of
      liquid film autoradiographs. Optical density measurements permitted quantitative
      comparisons between experimental conditions. The natural odors of conspecific
      snails and of carrots elicited significantly more uptake of 2-DG in the exposed
      tentacle than in the unexposed tentacle and, in the exposed tentacle,
      significantly more label over the axons of the primary sensory neurons than was
      elicited by exposure to clean air. Amyl acetate and octanol were less effective.
      A small number of superficially placed sensory neurons were labeled in all
      stimulus conditions, including clean air, and may represent the mechanosensors.
      Stimulus-dependent labeling in the brain was limited to the procerebrum and
      included both neuropilar and cellular parts. In contrast to vertebrate and insect
      olfactory systems, there was no evidence of spatial coding for odor quality.

PMID- 4056862
TI  - Responsiveness of ventrobasal thalamic neurons after suppression of S1 cortex in
      the anesthetized rat.
AB  - Corticofugal influences on the responses of ventrobasal (VB) thalamic neurons to
      repetitive stimuli were studied in anesthetized rats by suppressing primary
      somatosensory (S1) electrocortical activity with topically applied lidocaine.
      Effective concentrations of lidocaine were confined to S1 and immediately
      adjacent cortex and suppressed evoked S1 responses and corticofugal discharges.
      Suppression of S1 cortex reduced the average number of spikes discharged by 83 VB
      neurons in response to each of 25 electrical somatic stimuli delivered at
      frequencies ranging from 1 to 50 Hz. Of 20 units studied both before and after S1
      suppression, 14 (70%) showed a similar reduced response to repetitive stimuli.
      Cortical suppression produced no consistent changes in spontaneous activity,
      somatic stimulus threshold, response latency, or size of receptive field. There
      was no significant difference in the effect of cortical suppression on the
      responsiveness of 8 VB neurons to repetitive medial lemniscal, as compared to
      somatic, stimuli. We conclude that, in the anesthetized rat, S1 corticofugal
      activity facilitates somato-sensory transmission to VB neurons and that this
      facilitation is mediated, at least in part, by corticothalamic neurons.

PMID- 4056863
TI  - Correlations between the structural and functional characteristics of neurons in
      the superficial laminae and the hamster's superior colliculus.
AB  - Intracellular recording, receptive field mapping, and horseradish peroxidase
      (HRP) injection techniques were used to determine the structural and functional
      characteristics of neurons in the superficial laminae (stratum griseum
      superficiale and stratum opticum) of the hamster's superior colliculus (SC).
      Fifty-nine neurons (from 38 different hamsters) were successfully characterized,
      injected with HRP, and recovered. Of these, 8 were marginal cells, 14 had
      stellate morphology, 10 had narrow, vertically oriented dendritic trees, 12 had
      wide, vertically oriented dendritic arbors, and 8 were horizontal cells. Seven
      neurons had somatodendritic morphologies which did not fall into any of these
      groups. Overall, the distribution of receptive field properties for these cells
      matched that obtained in previous extracellular recordings from the superficial
      SC laminae in this species (Chalupa, L.M., and R.W. Rhoades (1977) J. Physiol.
      (Lond.) 270: 595-626; Chalupa, L.M. and R.W. Rhoades (1978) J. Physiol. (Lond.)
      274: 571-592). There were significant correlations between receptive field
      properties and morphology. Sixty-four percent of the stellate cells and 75% of
      the marginal cells were directionally selective. Only 17% of the other cell types
      exhibited this response property. In addition, only 36% of the stellate cells and
      25% of the marginal neurons were discharged by stationary, flashed spots. Eighty
      one percent of the other recovered cells gave reliable responses to such stimuli.
      Stellate and marginal cells could also be differentiated from the other cell
      types on the basis of speed selectivity. Only 29% of the stellate and 13% of the
      marginal cells responded to stimulus speeds in excess of 20 degrees/sec.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4056864
TI  - Laminin and optic nerve regeneration in the goldfish.
AB  - Previous work from our laboratory had shown that goldfish retinal fragments
      explanted onto a polylysine substratum 1 to 2 weeks following optic nerve crush
      exhibit a striking clockwise pattern of neuritic outgrowth. In the present study,
      however, when the basal lamina component laminin was used as a substratum,
      neurites grew out as uncurved spokes, were less fasciculated, and had an
      increased rate of elongation. When laminin was combined with polylysine in the
      substratum, the degree of fasciculation and rate of elongation were similar to
      those seen on laminin alone, whereas the tendency for clockwise outgrowth was
      even more pronounced than that observed with polylysine alone. These results
      suggest that regenerating neurites have an affinity for laminin. Using an
      antibody to murine Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm sarcoma laminin, which cross-reacted
      with basal lamina in goldfish tissue sections, we studied the histochemical
      distribution of laminin in the goldfish visual system. Immunoperoxidase staining
      for laminin showed a characteristic scalloped pattern of staining in cross
      sections of optic nerve bundles. Following optic nerve crush, the reaction
      product became much more diffuse and intense, especially distal to the crush
      site. When the retinal ganglion cell bodies were eliminated by removing the eye,
      the degenerating optic nerve stump still showed the intensive staining. We
      interpret these results to indicate that optic nerve glia are responsible in
      large part for the formation of laminin. Taken together, these in vivo and in
      vitro findings suggest that laminin plays a role in nerve regeneration in the
      goldfish central nervous system.

PMID- 4056865
TI  - Experience alters the spatial tuning of auditory units in the optic tectum during
      a sensitive period in the barn owl.
AB  - The auditory spatial tuning of bimodal (auditory-visual) units in the optic
      tectum of the barn owl was altered by raising animals with one ear occluded.
      Changes in spatial tuning were assessed by comparing the location of a unit's
      auditory best area with that of its visual receptive field. As shown previously,
      auditory best areas are aligned with visual receptive fields in the tecta of
      normal birds (Knudsen, E. I. (1982) J. Neurosci. 2: 1177-1194). It was
      demonstrated in this study that, when birds were raised with one ear occluded,
      best areas and visual receptive fields were aligned only as long as the earplug
      was in place. When the earplug was removed, best areas and visual receptive
      fields became misaligned, indicating that a change in auditory spatial tuning had
      taken place during the period of occlusion. However, in a bird that received an
      earplug as an adult, no such alterations in auditory spatial tuning were
      observed; even after 1 year of monaural occlusion, auditory best areas and visual
      receptive fields were misaligned so long as the earplug was in place, and were
      aligned when the earplug was removed. These results suggest that exposure to
      abnormal localization cues modifies the auditory spatial tuning of tectal units
      only during a restricted, sensitive period early in development. After the
      earplug was removed from a juvenile bird that had been raised with an occluded
      ear, the initial misalignment between auditory best areas and visual receptive
      fields decreased gradually over a period of weeks. In contrast, when earplugs
      were removed from two adult birds that had been raised with monaural occlusions,
      auditory-visual misalignments persisted for as long as measurements were made,
      which was up to 1 year after earplug removal. These data indicate that auditory
      cues become permanently associated with locations in visual space during a
      critical period which draws to a close at about the age when the animal reaches
      adulthood. Horseradish peroxidase was injected into two optic tecta (in a single
      animal) that contained units with permanently altered auditory spatial tuning.
      The positions of retrogradely labeled cells in the external nucleus of the
      inferior colliculus (ICX) were the same as those observed in control birds
      (Knudsen, E. I., and P. F. Knudsen (1983) J. Comp. Neurol. 218: 187-196). Thus,
      the changes in spatial tuning were not due to a shift in the topographic
      projection from the ICX to the optic tectum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4056866
TI  - The need for repeated CT examinations in hypothalamic-pituitary pathology.

PMID- 4056867
TI  - Fibromuscular dysplasia of the vertebral artery (angiographic features). A review
      of 85 cases.

PMID- 4056868
TI  - Intracranial supratentorial "hypergiant" aneurysms. Diagnostic problems. A study
      of 8 cases.

PMID- 4056869
TI  - Astrocytomas of the spinal cord in children and adolescents.
AB  - The authors review 32 cases of spinal cord astrocytoma in patients under 20 years
      of age who were treated at the Mayo Clinic between 1955 and 1980. There was a
      1.3:1 male to female ratio. Twenty patients were between 6 and 15 years of age at
      the time of diagnosis. The duration of symptoms prior to definitive diagnosis
      varied from 5 days to 9 years, with an average of 24 months. The most common
      symptoms were pain (62.5%), gait disturbance (43.7%), numbness (18.8%), and
      sphincteric dysfunction (18.8%). The most common neurological findings were a
      Babinski response (50.0%), posterior column sensory dysfunction (40.6%), and
      paraparesis (37.5%). A median follow-up period of 8.6 years (range 0.8 to 25.5
      years) revealed that the survival time diminished with increased histological
      grade of the astrocytoma (p less than 0.001). The development of postlaminectomy
      spinal deformities represented a serious postoperative complication. This
      occurred in 13 patients and was first recognized between 8 and 90 months
      postoperatively. Six deformities occurred following cervical laminectomy, and
      eight patients required at least one orthopedic procedure. It is crucial to
      follow these patients for an extended period of time to watch for postoperative
      spinal deformities.

PMID- 4056870
TI  - Treatment of neoplastic epidural cord compression by vertebral body resection and
      stabilization.
AB  - The results of treatment of neoplastic spinal cord compression by vertebral body
      resection and immediate stabilization in 101 consecutive patients over a 5-year
      period have been analyzed. Sites of primary cancer included the lung (25
      patients), kidney (15 patients), breast (14 patients), connective tissue (12
      patients), and a variety of others (35 patients). Of the 101 patients, 23
      received surgery de novo; the remaining 78 patients had undergone previous
      therapy. Sites of involvement included the cervical region in 13 patients, the
      thoracic region in 68 patients, and the lumbar region in 20 patients. Prior to
      surgery, severe pain was noted in 90% of the patients, and 45% were non
      ambulatory. Using an anterolateral surgical exposure, the vertebral body was
      resected along with all epidural tumor. Immediate stabilization was achieved with
      methyl methacrylate and Steinmann pins. Following surgery, the overall ambulation
      rate was 78%, and 85% of patients experienced pain relief. Of the 23 patients who
      had received no prior therapy, 90% continued to be ambulatory at their last
      follow-up examination or until death. The authors believe that surgery prior to
      irradiation is indicated in selected patients with neoplastic cord compression.
      In patients with solitary osseous metastasis to the spine, potentially curative
      resection can be undertaken if surgery is performed when the tumor is still
      confined to the vertebral body.

PMID- 4056872
TI  - Chronic subdural hematoma presenting as spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage.
      Report of six cases.
AB  - Six cases of chronic subdural hematoma presenting with the clinical findings of
      acute subarachnoid hemorrhage are reported. No systemic or focal cause for the
      bleeding was found, and possible mechanisms are discussed.

PMID- 4056871
TI  - Aneurysmal bone cysts of the spine. Report of 17 cases.
AB  - Seventeen cases of aneurysmal bone cyst of the spine are reported. Clinical
      manifestations, methods of investigation, differential diagnosis, treatment, and
      pathogenesis are discussed. The condition is essentially a benign lesion, affects
      a young age group, and grows rapidly, often producing a paravertebral mass.
      Occasionally it becomes acutely exacerbated, causing irreversible damage to the
      spinal cord. For these reasons, prompt diagnosis and timely treatment are
      important. Excision of the lesion is the treatment of choice but, if not
      feasible, thorough curettage and radiotherapy not exceeding 2000 rads are
      indicated. With a two-stage operation, excision of the lesion is often possible,
      and the stability of the vertebral column is assured with bone-graft fusions.

PMID- 4056873
TI  - Steroid administration and nitrogen excretion in the head-injured patient.
AB  - The effect of steroid administration on metabolic rate and nitrogen excretion was
      examined in 20 head-injured patients alternately assigned to receive either
      methylprednisolone for 14 days or no steroid treatment. Although metabolic rate,
      caloric intake, and nitrogen intake were not different between the two groups,
      the patients who received steroids had a 30% higher excretion of nitrogen during
      the first 6 days after injury than did the patients not receiving steroids. All
      patients had an increase in nitrogen excretion through the 2nd week, peaking on
      Day 11. By Day 21 after injury, the patients had an average cumulative nitrogen
      loss of 162 gm and had lost an average of 5 kg body weight regardless of whether
      they had received steroids. Serum albumin levels decreased in the steroid-treated
      patients but returned to nearly normal by Day 21 in the untreated group.
      Immunosuppression, evidenced by a lower initial total lymphocyte count and a
      higher incidence of infections, was present in the steroid group; hyperglycemia
      requiring insulin treatment was more common in those patients.

PMID- 4056874
TI  - Reduced systemic drug exposure by combining intra-arterial chemotherapy with
      hemoperfusion of regional venous drainage.
AB  - Four patients with malignant cerebral gliomas received 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1
      nitrosourea (BCNU) into the internal carotid artery (ICA) while the ipsilateral
      jugular drainage was pumped extracorporeally through a hemoperfusion cartridge
      containing a nonionic adsorbant resin. Each patient received 220 mg/sq m BCNU,
      infused over 45 minutes through a toposcopic catheter positioned with the tip in
      the ICA beyond the origin of the ophthalmic artery. Jugular blood was pumped
      extracorporeally at 300 ml/min through a large-bore catheter in the jugular bulb.
      Plasma samples were obtained for BCNU measurement at frequent intervals from the
      right atrium. During a separate treatment, 6 weeks before or after the
      hemoperfusion treatment, the same dose of BCNU was infused into the ICA and
      atrial samples were obtained on a similar schedule. Hemoperfusion of the jugular
      blood during intracarotid infusion reduced the systemic exposure by 56% to 87%
      and increased total body clearance of BCNU by two- to eightfold. The calculated
      pharmacokinetic advantage (brain:body exposure ratio) was between 21 and 55:1
      when the combined treatment was used.

PMID- 4056875
TI  - Immunohistochemical study of placental alkaline phosphatase in primary
      intracranial germ-cell tumors.
AB  - Indirect immunoperoxidase staining by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP)
      technique was carried out on 23 human primary intracranial germ-cell tumors (17
      germinomas, one embryonal carcinoma, one yolk-sac tumor, three teratomas, and one
      teratoma with embryonal carcinoma) and on six human primary pineal non-germ-cell
      tumors (one pineocytoma, two pineoblastomas, two astrocytomas, and one
      glioblastoma multiforme). The technique used specific rabbit antisera against
      placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and human
      chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Thirteen of 17 intracranial germinomas (76.5%)
      showed positive staining for PLAP mainly on the tumor cell membrane. In six
      primary intracranial non-seminomatous germ-cell tumors, there was weak positive
      staining indicating the presence of PLAP in only a few cells of one embryonal
      carcinoma, and in some glandular epithelial cells of one teratoma; this staining
      was limited to the cytoplasm. None of the other six primary pineal non-germ-cell
      tumors showed any positive PLAP reaction. From these results, PLAP was shown to
      be very useful in histopathology as a diagnostic tumor marker of intracranial
      germinoma. Positive AFP staining was seen in several yolk-sac tumor cells and a
      few embryonal carcinoma cells. However, no intracranial germinomas and non-germ
      cell tumors of the pineal region showed positive reaction. As for HCG, only one
      suprasellar germinoma and one pineal embryonal carcinoma among 29 specimens
      contained a few positive-staining tumor cells.

PMID- 4056876
TI  - Comparison of computerized tomographic and radionuclide methods in determining
      intracranial cystic tumor volumes.
AB  - The dosimetry of radioactive phosphorus (32P) for intracavitary treatment of
      cystic brain tumors is dependent upon accurate determination of the cyst volume.
      The authors have used both high-resolution computerized tomography (CT) scanning
      and an isotope dilution technique with technetium-99m (99mTc) sulfur colloid to
      determine cyst volumes in an experimental model and in six patients with
      intracerebral cystic tumors. In six separate comparisons using an experimental
      phantom "cyst," no significant differences between CT and 99mTc values were
      detected. In six patients with cystic neoplasms varying from 3 to 6.7 ml in
      volume, the percent differences between values obtained by CT and isotope
      dilution ranged from -17.26% to +13.13%. In individual patients, these
      differences proved to be of little significance for planning dosimetry. In both
      experimental and clinical trials comparing isotope dilution and CT measurement
      techniques, the CT technique using the standard software of the scanner and 5-mm
      thick slices proved to be a highly accurate method of determining cyst volume.
      The authors now base dosimetric calculations for intracavitary radiation with 32P
      on CT technique alone.

PMID- 4056877
TI  - Behavior of an extradural pressure monitor in clinical use. Comparison of
      extradural with intraventricular pressure in patients with acute and chronically
      raised intracranial pressure.
AB  - A comparison of intraventricular pressure (IVP) and extradural pressure (EDP) was
      carried out in 17 patients being investigated for normal-pressure hydrocephalus,
      and in six patients with acutely raised intracranial pressure following events
      such as head injury or intracerebral hematoma. Extradural pressure was measured
      using the CardioSearch monitor. There was a reasonably good correlation between
      EDP and IVP in the chronic stable group with pressures up to 25 mm Hg. In the
      acute group there was no predictable relationship between EDP and IVP, and during
      a 24-hour period the pressures could vary by as much as 30 mm Hg. Subdural
      pressure, measured with the same instruments, was compared to IVP in both acute
      and stable situations in eight other patients: there was a close and constant
      correlation between pressures in these two spaces. The authors conclude that
      misleading information may be obtained from EDP monitoring, and erroneous
      management decisions may result from dependence on such a technique. Possible
      explanations for this are discussed.

PMID- 4056878
TI  - Centrocentral anastomosis in the prevention and treatment of painful terminal
      neuroma. An experimental study in the rat.
AB  - In this experimental study, microsurgical centrocentral anastomosis was applied
      to an experimental model of painful terminal neuroma resulting from left sciatic
      nerve section in the rat. The anastomosis consisted of end-to-end suturing of the
      sciatic nerve fascicles to the tibial branch, with the interposition of a nerve
      graft taken from the same anastomosed fascicle. As a control parameter for the
      experiment, the autotomy which follows sciatic nerve section in the rat was
      evaluated. Autotomy is considered an objective indication of abnormal sensations
      that are provoked by the formation of a terminal neuroma. Histological study of
      the proximal stump of the sciatic nerve was also performed. The observation
      period was 10 weeks. The study demonstrates that centrocentral anastomosis
      reduces the size of the neuroma formation and the incidence of autotomy.

PMID- 4056879
TI  - Acute effect of glycerol on net cerebrospinal fluid production in dogs.
AB  - The effect of glycerol administration on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) formation in
      dogs was studied by means of a ventriculocisternal perfusion technique. Net CSF
      production rate decreased after oral administration of glycerol (3 gm/kg) from a
      baseline level of 42.33 +/- 6.68 microliter/min (mean +/- standard error) to a
      trough of 10.33 +/- 4.88 microliter/min at 90 minutes after administration (p
      less than 0.025). Serum osmolality concomitantly increased from a baseline value
      of 296 +/- 2.83 to 309 +/- 4.7 mOsm/kg H2O at 90 minutes. The mean percentage
      change in CSF production inversely correlated to the mean percentage change in
      serum osmolality, r = -0.85. Thus, glycerol administration decreases net CSF
      formation, and this effect may be related in part to the rise in serum
      osmolality.

PMID- 4056880
TI  - Carotid artery end-to-end anastomosis in the rat using the argon laser.
AB  - Microvascular end-to-end anastomoses of rat common carotid arteries measuring 0.6
      to 0.7 mm in diameter were performed using an argon surgical laser system.
      Vascular bonding with the argon laser was accomplished in all cases. The
      anastomosed carotid artery segments were evaluated both angiographically and
      histologically at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after laser bonding. With increasing
      time after anastomosis, there was a trend toward increasing angiographically
      proven stenosis of the anastomotic segment and histologically demonstrated
      pseudoaneurysm formation of the vessel wall at the bonded site. Pseudoaneurysm
      formation was associated with a dense inflammatory response in the anastomotic
      vessel segment. In spite of excellent initial tissue bonding and vessel patency,
      the delayed results of progressive vessel wall disruption and segmental stenosis
      indicate that further experience in using the argon laser for vessel welding is
      needed before this method can be accepted as an alternative to current
      microvascular suture technique.

PMID- 4056881
TI  - Neuronal effects of experimentally induced hydrocephalus in newborn rats.
AB  - To determine the effects of increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure on
      neuronal morphology, obstructive hydrocephalus was induced by injecting kaolin
      into the fourth ventricle and cisterna magna of 1-day-old rats. The animals were
      sacrificed 10 to 12 days later, at which time severe ventriculomegaly and
      cortical thinning were apparent in the parieto-occipital region. Tissue from this
      area was processed by rapid Golgi methods. Well impregnated pyramidal neurons
      were examined by light microscopy, and their somatic and dendritic features
      compared to those of age-matched littermate controls. The somata of medium
      pyramidal neurons were unaffected, but their basilar dendrites had fewer branches
      and those that remained were shorter. A variable reduction in dendritic spines
      occurred, such that some branches were totally denuded while others exhibited
      spine densities similar to those seen in control animals. The most striking
      alteration was the occurrence of frequent dendritic varicosities. These
      enlargements of the dendritic shaft separated by extremely thin constrictions
      gave the affected segment a beaded appearance. Both dendritic spine loss and
      varicosity formation were most notable on distal portions of individual branches
      and within regions of the dendritic tree closest to the ventricular and meningeal
      surfaces. These alterations are consistent with other reports of dendritic
      changes associated with aging, mental retardation, and alcohol exposure. These
      observations suggest that hydrocephalus causes dendritic deterioration or
      retardation of dendritic maturation. The fact that neuronal morphology was not
      more severely affected may indicate that these effects are reversible.

PMID- 4056882
TI  - Glycerol neurolysis: neurophysiological effects of topical glycerol application
      on rat saphenous nerve.
AB  - The effect of topical glycerol application on normal and previously injured
      saphenous nerves was tested in 20 Sprague-Dawley rats. Anhydrous glycerol
      treatment of five normal nerves showed a rapid loss of C-fiber conduction within
      5 minutes of application, while after 10 to 30 minutes, a complete conduction
      blockade in all fiber types was produced. The effect of anhydrous glycerol on
      both spontaneous firing from the neuroma and impulse propagation within the nerve
      was examined in 11 rats that had undergone saphenous neurotomy 7 days previously.
      In these animals, cessation of spontaneous action potential production from the
      neuroma was the earliest electrophysiological change noted, followed by loss
      first of C-fiber, then of A-fiber conduction. Graded concentrations of glycerol
      (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) were used in four rats with saphenous neuromas, which
      allowed selective blockade of spontaneous action potential generation and C-fiber
      conduction with minimal effect on A-fibers. The neurophysiological mechanism of
      glycerol neurolysis appears to be a nonspecific conduction blockade of large and
      small fibers, which is established within minutes of its application. Spontaneous
      firing within damaged axons, which may play a role in a variety of cranial and
      peripheral nerve sensorimotor syndromes, is also exquisitely sensitive to
      glycerol application.

PMID- 4056883
TI  - Spasmodic torticollis due to neurovascular compression of the 11th nerve. Case
      report.
AB  - An unusual case of spasmodic torticollis caused by posteroinferior cerebellar
      artery compression of the spinal accessory nerve is reported. The spasmodic
      torticollis was cured by abolishing the neurovascular compression.

PMID- 4056884
TI  - CT demonstration of spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection. Case report.
AB  - A case of internal carotid artery dissection is presented. It was diagnosed by
      computerized tomography (CT) and confirmed by angiography. The typical clinical
      presentation and radiographic evaluation are briefly reviewed. High-resolution CT
      scanning with intravenous contrast enhancement is a valuable diagnostic aid in
      the diagnosis of this entity.

PMID- 4056885
TI  - Treatment of ophthalmofacial-hypothalamic arteriovenous malformation (Bonnet
      Dechaume-Blanc syndrome). Case report.
AB  - A 17-year-old girl with unilateral blindness and exophthalmos was found to have
      Bonnet-Dechaume-Blanc syndrome without retinal arteriovenous communications. The
      arteriovenous malformation was managed by combined intracranial resection,
      ophthalmic artery ligation, and selective embolization of the external carotid
      component.

PMID- 4056886
TI  - Cystic cavernous angiomas of the posterior fossa. Report of three cases.
AB  - Three histologically verified cases of cystic cavernous angioma of the posterior
      fossa are reported. The clinical history of these patients is presented, and the
      diagnostic and surgical problems arising from the extreme rarity of the
      combination of cerebellar site and cystic nature of the lesion are discussed.

PMID- 4056887
TI  - Subdural meningioma of spinal cord. Case report.
AB  - A case of extensive circumferential meningioma of the spinal subdural space is
      reported. A potential mechanism for this growth pattern is proposed, and
      preoperative diagnosis by computerized tomography is discussed. This case
      reinforces the necessity for intradural exploration when an expected extradural
      neoplasm is not encountered at operation.

PMID- 4056888
TI  - Turcot syndrome (glioma polyposis). Case report.
AB  - A case of Turcot syndrome (glioma polyposis) is described in a 22-year-old woman.
      The patient initially presented with a frontoparietal glioma, and was
      subsequently found to have segmental colonic polyposis with adenocarcinomatous
      changes. Her colonic polyposis was nonfamilial.

PMID- 4056889
TI  - Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with 18-year survival. Case report.
AB  - The authors present a case of right parietal pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma that
      occurred in a 24-year-old man. The patient was originally operated on in 1966,
      and at that time the diagnosis of monstrocellular sarcoma was made. The patient
      is still alive and totally symptom-free. A careful reevaluation of the
      microscopic findings, including positive glial fibrillary acidic protein
      staining, led to the definite diagnosis of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma.

PMID- 4056890
TI  - Frontal sinus approach to the orbit. Technical note.
AB  - The authors have previously advocated a supraorbital approach to tumors of the
      orbit. In this paper, they describe a technique in which they take advantage of a
      large frontal sinus as a means of entering the orbit without the necessity of
      intracranial exposure, as required by the more conventional supraorbital
      approach. This is achieved without frontal burr holes, allowing for a superior
      cosmetic result. The anterior wall of the frontal sinus is removed, and with it
      the roof of the orbit as a single bone flap. A case in which this technique was
      used is described.

PMID- 4056891
TI  - Limitations of premature rabbit model of IVH.

PMID- 4056892
TI  - Timing of CT scanning after SAH.

PMID- 4056893
TI  - History of the anterior cervical fusion technique.

PMID- 4056894
TI  - Anti-siphon shunt device: technical details.

PMID- 4056895
TI  - Neurosurgical management of low-grade astrocytoma of the cerebral hemisphere.

PMID- 4056896
TI  - Acute brain edema in fatal head injury: analysis by dynamic CT scanning.
AB  - Dynamic computerized tomography (CT) was performed on 42 patients with acute head
      injury to evaluate the hemodynamics and to elucidate the nature of fatal diffuse
      brain bulk enlargement. Patients were divided into two groups according to the
      outcome: Group A included 17 nonfatally injured patients, eight with acute
      epidural hematomas and nine with acute subdural hematomas; Group B included 25
      fatally injured patients, 16 with acute subdural hematomas and nine with
      bilateral brain bulk enlargement. Remarkable brain bulk enlargement could be seen
      in all fatally injured patients with acute subdural hematoma. In 29 (69%) of 42
      patients, dynamic CT was performed within 2 hours after the impact. In the
      nonfatally injured patients with brain bulk enlargement, dynamic CT scans
      suggested a hyperemic state. On the other hand, in 17 (68%) of the 25 fatally
      injured patients, dynamic CT scans revealed a severely ischemic state. In the
      fatally injured patients with acute subdural hematoma, CT Hounsfield numbers in
      the enlarged hemisphere (hematoma side) were significantly lower than those of
      the opposite side (p less than 0.001). Severe diffuse brain damage confirmed by
      follow-up CT scans and uncontrollable high intracranial pressure were noted in
      the fatally injured patients. Brain bulk enlargement following head injury
      originates from acute brain edema and an increase of cerebral blood volume. In
      cases of fatal head injury, acute brain edema is the more common cause of brain
      bulk enlargement and occurs more rapidly than is usually thought.

PMID- 4056897
TI  - Anterior osteophytectomy for cervical spondylotic myelopathy in developmentally
      narrow canal.
AB  - The authors present 19 cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in patients with
      developmentally narrow canal treated by microsurgical anterior osteophytectomy
      with interbody fusion, with follow-up periods of 1 to 8 years (mean 38 months).
      Postoperatively, the lower limb function, evaluated by Nurick's six-grade
      classification, improved two or three grades in 16 cases, one grade in two cases,
      and remained unchanged in one case. The upper limb function, evaluated by the
      authors' own four-grade classification, improved two or three grades in 11 cases,
      one grade in seven cases, and remained unchanged in one case. No deterioration
      caused by the osteophytectomy was seen. During the follow-up period,
      spondylolisthesis appeared 31 months postoperatively in one patient and soft disc
      hernia occurred 66 months postoperatively in another; these two patients were
      treated by a second operation and cervical traction, respectively. The authors
      conclude that anterior osteophytectomy with interbody fusion is applicable as a
      surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy even where developmental
      canal stenosis is present.

PMID- 4056898
TI  - Presentation of central nervous system sarcoidosis as intracranial tumors.
AB  - Five cases of sarcoid presenting as an intracranial tumor are reported. In one
      instance, the lesion presented as a tumor in the cerebellopontine angle, a site
      not previously reported for the initial presentation of sarcoid isolated to the
      central nervous system. The role of computerized tomography, surgery, and steroid
      therapy is discussed. In the absence of pulmonary involvement, serum angiotensin
      converting enzyme levels do not appear to be helpful in predicting steroid
      response.

PMID- 4056899
TI  - Transpetrosal approach for aneurysms of the lower basilar artery.
AB  - Extradural subtemporal access to the petrosal ridge and a resection of the
      anterior pyramidal bone produced direct observation of the lower basilar artery,
      with minimum retraction of the temporal lobe and preservation of the temporal
      bridging veins. Two patients with lower basilar trunk aneurysms facing toward the
      brain stem, were operated on by the "transpetrosal approach," with successful
      clipping of the aneurysms. Auditory function was preserved in one case. This
      approach decreases the possibility of retraction damage to the temporal lobe,
      brain stem, or cranial nerves, and may be helpful for surgery of aneurysms
      arising around the vertebrobasilar junction or at the origin of the anterior
      inferior cerebellar artery.

PMID- 4056900
TI  - Chiasmatic optic glioma treated with chemotherapy. A preliminary report.
AB  - Chiasmatic optic glioma is a rare tumor with an erratic natural history, usually
      seen in young children. A prior study from this institution demonstrated that
      these lesions were frequently lethal, despite initial clinical stabilization
      following radiation therapy, and that visual, intellectual, and late
      endocrinological disabilities were prevalent. A novel approach was developed in
      1977, when an initial clinical response to vincristine was recorded in a child
      with a recurrent optic glioma. Since then, all children with recurrent optic
      glioma and all children aged 6 years old and under with newly diagnosed optic
      glioma have been offered a program of initial therapy with vincristine and
      actinomycin D for six cycles over 18 months. The four children with recurrent
      tumor who were treated with that regimen remain clinically stable 13 to 115
      months after chemotherapy. Twelve children (eight under 24 months old) with newly
      diagnosed optic glioma have been treated with this program, and three are still
      on therapy. Four developed progression while on therapy, and five remain stable
      from 1 to 60 months posttherapy. The four children who developed progressive
      disease have been treated with radiation therapy and remain stable. Six of the 12
      children showed shrinkage of their tumor on computerized tomography while
      receiving chemotherapy. This program may serve as an alternative to initial
      radiation therapy in young children.

PMID- 4056901
TI  - The morphology of cerebrospinal fluid drainage pathways in human arachnoid
      granulations.
AB  - Arachnoid granulations and villi from 23 brains from subjects aged 9 to 84 years
      were examined post mortem by serial sections with the light microscope and as
      whole or fractured preparations in the scanning electron microscope. The object
      of the study was to investigate the pathways within the arachnoid granulations by
      which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drains from the subarachnoid space to the sinus
      endothelium. At the base of each granulation, a thin neck of arachnoid projects
      through an aperture in the dural lining of the sinus and expands to form a core
      of collagenous trabeculae and interwoven channels. An apical cap of arachnoid
      cells, about 150 microns thick, surmounts the collagenous core, and channels
      extend through the cap to reach subendothelial regions of the granulation.
      Channels within the granulation are lined by compacted collagen and may contain
      macrophages. Following recent subarachnoid hemorrhage, erythrocytes are found in
      the channels, suggesting that the channels are in continuity with the
      subarachnoid space and are CSF drainage pathways. The cap region of the
      granulation is only attached to the endothelium over an area 300 microns in
      diameter; the rest of the granulation core is separated from the endothelium by a
      subdural space and a fibrous dural cupola. Scanning electron microscopy reveals
      an intact endothelial surface to the granulations with small perforating venous
      channels present on the apex of some granulations. The differences between human
      arachnoid granulations and arachnoid villi in animals are discussed, together
      with preliminary observations regarding the transition of villi into granulations
      in man.

PMID- 4056902
TI  - Oligodendroglioma: incidence and biological behavior in a defined population.
AB  - The cases of 208 patients with histologically confirmed oligodendrogliomas were
      studied. The incidence represents 4.2% of all primary brain tumors diagnosed in
      the Norwegian population over a 25-year period. All of these tumors were cerebral
      and the majority affected the frontal lobe. The patients' median age at diagnosis
      was 47 years, with a range from 3 to 76 years; 6% of the oligodendrogliomas
      occurred in children. The median duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 20.5
      months (mean 43 months). Plain skull x-ray films showed calcified deposits in 28%
      of the tumors. At operation, most of the tumors were poorly defined, without cyst
      formation, hematoma necrosis, or calcification. The median duration of disease
      from onset of symptoms until death was 14 months in nine untreated cases. In
      surgically treated oligodendroglioma patients the median survival time from onset
      of symptoms was 74 months. The median postoperative survival time was 35 months
      (mean 52 months). Tumor calcification, as seen on plain skull x-ray films, was
      associated with a significantly longer survival period. The surgical findings of
      gross necrosis, gross hypervascularity, and soft tumor consistency were all
      related to a shorter total duration of disease. Grossly well demarcated lesions
      were associated with a significantly longer postoperative survival. The length of
      postoperative survival correlated with the preoperative clinical status. The
      cumulative proportion of patients surviving 5 years was 0.342. The patient's age
      and sex did not have a statistically significant influence on survival time. The
      extent of surgical excision only seemed to play a role when the neurosurgeon
      considered that he had removed the whole lesion: these patients had a median
      postoperative survival period 14 months longer than the other oligodendroglioma
      patients. The ABO blood group of the oligodendroglioma patient was of prognostic
      value. In particular, patients with blood group A had a distinctly poorer
      prognosis than patients with O or B blood. The survival data from this unselected
      series indicate that cerebral oligodendrogliomas have a less favorable prognosis
      than has generally been believed.

PMID- 4056903
TI  - Beagle puppy model of perinatal cerebral infarction. Acute changes in regional
      cerebral prostaglandins during hemorrhagic hypotension.
AB  - Perinatal cerebral infarction is a not uncommon finding in newborn babies
      surviving intensive care. Asphyxia, with its attendant hypotension, is the most
      common cause of this problem and may result in neuropathological changes in the
      periventricular white matter. Previous studies have demonstrated uncoupling of
      cerebral blood flow and metabolism in the periventricular white matter regions of
      newborn beagle pups exposed to hemorrhagic hypotension. This work examines the
      effects of hypotension on serum and regional cerebral prostaglandin levels in the
      newborn beagle pup. The animals were anesthetized, tracheostomized, and
      paralyzed. Pups were randomly assigned to two groups: one was subjected to
      hemorrhagic hypotension and the other received no insult. Hypotension was induced
      by slow venous hemorrhage calculated to maintain a mean arterial blood pressure
      at 20 to 30 mm Hg. Serum prostaglandin determinations were made immediately
      before and 15 minutes after random assignment to hypotension or control groups.
      In addition, regional cerebral prostaglandin determinations were performed 15
      minutes after randomization. Analysis of the serum prostaglandin data revealed
      that there were no significant differences in the values for thromboxane B2 or 6
      keto-prostaglandin (PG) F1 alpha, which are the stable breakdown products of
      thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin, respectively. Prostaglandin E2 levels increased
      in response to hemorrhagic hypotension insult. Regional cerebral prostaglandin
      determinations demonstrated decreases in thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in
      both gray and white matter. Although gray matter PGE2 was increased in pups
      exposed to hemorrhagic hypotension, this increase was not found in the
      periventricular white matter of injured pups. This regional difference in PGE2
      synthesis in response to insult may explain the periventricular white matter
      neuropathological changes attributed to it.

PMID- 4056904
TI  - Potentiation of vincristine effect in human and murine gliomas by calcium channel
      blockers or calmodulin inhibitors.
AB  - The effects of calcium channel blockers and calmodulin inhibitors on vincristine
      cytotoxicity were studied in vitro with five glioma cell lines: three human
      glioblastomas, one rat glioma, and one mouse ependymoblastoma. One human
      glioblastoma and the rat glioma were resistant to vincristine in contrast to
      other glioma cells. The resistance to vincristine was considerably decreased by
      nontoxic or marginally toxic concentrations of calcium channel blockers or
      calmodulin inhibitors, although the former was more effective than the latter. In
      the presence of verapamil, the vincristine cytotoxicity, as measured by cell
      doubling times, increased 90- and 84-fold in the vincristine-resistant human
      glioblastoma and rat glioma, respectively. The decrease in the resistance to
      vincristine was related to a marked increase in the intracellular level of that
      drug, probably mediated by inhibiting its outward transport. The in vivo studies
      showed that verapamil or nicardipine administered daily with vincristine for 10
      days significantly enhanced the chemotherapeutic effect of vincristine in an
      intracranially transplanted rat glioma model. An approximately 32% to 118%
      increase in life span occurred with 15 mg/kg/day of verapamil, depending on the
      doses of vincristine.

PMID- 4056905
TI  - Immunohistochemical investigation of cerebral ischemia during recirculation.
AB  - Immunohistochemical methods for the determination of tubulin, creatine kinase BB
      isoenzyme, and astroprotein-glial fibrillary acidic protein were used to
      investigate recovery of the ischemic lesion after temporary occlusion of a common
      carotid artery in the gerbil and the evolution of the postischemic lesion
      following reperfusion. One group of gerbils was followed from 15 minutes to one
      month after an ischemic period of 30 minutes, and another group was examined
      after 7 days following an ischemic period of 5 to 30 minutes. It was found that
      the postischemic lesion, visualized as loss of the immunohistochemical reaction
      for tubulin and creatine kinase BB-isoenzyme, evolved within 60 minutes after
      reperfusion in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex and within 3 hours in the
      caudoputamen and thalamus. Resolution of the preexisting ischemic lesion was
      possible only after an ischemic period of less than 10 minutes in the cerebral
      cortex and caudoputamen and less than 15 minutes in the thalamus. In the CA1-CA2
      region of the hippocampus, the ischemic lesion already existed after an ischemic
      period of 5 minutes and was mostly irreversible. The immunohistochemical method
      of testing for different cellular and subcellular components was very useful for
      investigation of cerebral ischemia and may also be advantageous for investigation
      of other pathophysiological conditions of the nervous system.

PMID- 4056906
TI  - Effects of verapamil and diltiazem on acute stroke in cats.
AB  - To test the effect of verapamil and diltiazem in acute stroke, three groups of
      mongrel cats of either sex underwent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery
      (MCA) via a transorbital approach under ketamine anesthesia. The first group
      served as controls, the second received an intravenous infusion of verapamil (0.1
      microgram/kg/min), and the third received an intravenous infusion of diltiazem
      (0.1 to 1.0 microgram/kg/min). All drug infusions began 2 hours before MCA
      occlusion and continued for the remainder of the experiment. Before and for up to
      24 hours after MCA occlusion, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), somatosensory
      evoked potentials (SSEP's), arterial blood gases, blood pressure, temperature,
      and hematocrit were measured at least every 2 hours. At the experiment's end,
      brains were perfused with India ink, removed, sliced, photographed for
      determination of nonperfused brain area, and weighed, dried, and reweighed for
      H2O content determination. In these studies, verapamil was associated with
      worsening of rCBF in ischemic regions and inappropriate increases in rCBF in
      nonischemic regions, indicating intracerebral steal. Diltiazem increased rCBF in
      marginally ischemic regions. Changes in SSEP's paralleled blood flow changes,
      with verapamil decreasing amplitude and conduction velocity while diltiazem
      slightly improved conduction in the ischemic brain. Verapamil increased the area
      of nonperfused brain and the content of cerebral H2O. Diltiazem-treated animals
      had decreased cerebral H2O content, but had a marked increase in the area of
      nonperfused brain, a finding associated with the high incidence of transtentorial
      herniation in the diltiazem-treated animals. These findings agree with in vitro
      studies demonstrating high sensitivity of cerebral blood vessels to calcium
      channel blockers. These studies further support the notion that calcium channel
      blockers probably affect several different classes of calcium channels, at
      different brain sites.

PMID- 4056907
TI  - Cerebral effects of isovolemic hemodilution with a hypertonic saline solution.
AB  - In view of a growing interest in the resuscitative use of hypertonic saline
      solutions, the authors have examined the cerebral effects of isovolemic
      hemodilution carried out over 1 hour (hematocrit decreased from 40% to 20%,
      stable arterial and right arterial pressures), using a hypertonic lactated
      Ringer's solution (HT-LR: Na+ 252 mEq/liter, osmolality 480 mOsm/liter).
      Experiments were carried out in anesthetized ventilated rabbits. Measured
      variables included cerebral blood flow (using the H2 clearance method),
      intracranial pressure (ICP), the electroencephalogram, spinal cord and skeletal
      muscle water content (%H2O), and the specific gravity of small (10- to 30-mg)
      tissue samples taken from different areas of the left hemisphere (including the
      cortex, thalamus, internal capsule, and hippocampus). The changes produced by HT
      LR were compared with those seen in both undiluted control animals and in rabbits
      hemodiluted with normal saline (Na+ 155 mEq/liter, osmolality 310 mOsm/liter).
      The results demonstrate that hemodilution with HT-LR leads to the expected
      increases in serum Na+ and osmolality (158 +/- 6 mEq/liter and 320 +/- 5 mOsm/kg,
      respectively, mean +/- standard deviation) and that these were accompanied by
      reductions in the %H2O of all cerebral and extracerebral tissues, increases in
      the specific gravity of all tissue regions studied, and a decrease in ICP (1.9 +/
      0.7 mm Hg). By contrast, rabbits with hemodilution by normal saline showed no
      changes in either %H2O or specific gravity, but had significant increases in ICP
      (3.3 +/- 1.3 mm Hg). Cerebral blood flow increased in all animals hemodiluted
      with either HT-LR or normal saline by a combined average of +29 ml/100 gm/min.
      Although these studies were performed in neurologically normal animals, the
      combination of cerebral changes seen with HT-LR (cerebral dehydration, less
      peripheral edema, decreased ICP but with increased cerebral blood flow) suggests
      that this approach may have some advantages over the use of isotonic fluids, and
      may have some utility in the resuscitation of head-injured patients.

PMID- 4056908
TI  - Delayed CSF lavage for arteriographic and morphological vasospasm after
      experimental SAH.
AB  - Irrigation of the subarachnoid space after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
      (SAH) has been reported to alleviate subsequent arterial vasospasm. The authors
      have investigated the effect of lavage of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space in
      the two-hemorrhage canine model of vasospasm. Twelve dogs had basilar cistern
      lavage with 120 cc of artificial CSF 24 hours after each of two SAH's, and 12
      control dogs had two sequential SAH's without intervening lavage of clot. The
      amount of clot on the ventral brain stem was evaluated at sacrifice and was
      graded from 0 (no clot) to 4 (maximum clot) to assess the adequacy of clot
      removal. Dogs that had undergone lavage had a median grade of 1 (range Grade 0 to
      2); control dogs had a median grade of 2 (range Grade 1 to 3.5, p less than
      0.001. Wilcoxon rank sum test), indicating significant reduction of gross clot by
      lavage. The neurological findings were graded from 0 to 5, based on meningismus,
      ataxia, paresis, and cranial nerve deficits. No significant differences in
      neurological grade were found on any day between the two groups. Satisfactory
      angiograms were obtained before and 7 days after hemorrhage and were controlled
      for blood pressure and blood gases; these showed significant spasm in both
      groups. There was a mean reduction (+/- standard deviation) of 21.6% +/- 16.2% in
      basilar artery diameter in control dogs, compared to a 28.8% +/- 15.1% reduction
      in dogs with lavage (difference not significant, t-test). There was a strong, but
      insignificant, trend toward reduction of endothelial desquamation in the basilar
      and middle cerebral arteries in dogs with lavage compared to control animals (p =
      0.06). Corrugation and tearing of the elastica, thickened intima, intimal
      fibroplasia, vacuolization of the endothelial or smooth-muscle cells, and
      presence of blood cells in the adventitia occurred similarly in both groups. It
      appears that cisternal lavage 24 hours after hemorrhage in this model has no
      effect on the angiographic, neurological, or most morphological sequelae of SAH,
      in spite of evidence for removal of clot as seen at sacrifice. Any postulated
      interaction of clot and vessel resulting in chronic vasospasm must occur before
      this time. Evaluation of the effect of much earlier lavage (for instance, 1 hour
      after hemorrhage) may elucidate the point at which vasospasm is instigated after
      SAH, and help in determining what factors cause vasospasm.

PMID- 4056909
TI  - Evaluation of the risks of anticoagulation therapy following experimental
      craniotomy in the rat.
AB  - The risk of hemorrhagic complications with anticoagulation therapy in patients
      following intracranial surgery has prevented investigation of the potential use
      of heparin in the early postoperative period. The authors have evaluated the
      safety of anticoagulation therapy following experimental craniotomy in male
      Holtzman rats. The dose and schedule of heparin administration, which elevated
      and maintained the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) within the
      therapeutic range of 1 1/2 to 3 X control APTT, was alternating doses of 400 and
      500 IU/kg injected subcutaneously every 6 hours. This schedule was initiated 2,
      4, 7, 10, and 14 days after craniotomy and was continued for 72 hours thereafter.
      The results demonstrated that the incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage declined
      as the postoperative interval prior to initiation of anticoagulation increased.
      If anticoagulation therapy was initiated during the first 7 postoperative days,
      the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage was high (mean 14.7%): however, if an
      additional 3 to 7 days elapsed prior to initiation of anticoagulation, the
      incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage dropped significantly (mean 0%) (p less
      than 0.05). These results suggest that anticoagulation therapy can be safely
      initiated 10 to 14 days after craniotomy.

PMID- 4056910
TI  - Cerebral amyloid angiopathy presenting as transient ischemic attacks. Case
      report.
AB  - Cerebral amyloid angiography can cause ischemic stroke and transient ischemic
      attacks (TIA's), as illustrated by this case report and literature review. It is
      possible that the use of anticoagulant or platelet-antiaggregant drugs in elderly
      patients with TIA's but no angiographic abnormalities may increase the risk of
      hemorrhage from unsuspected amyloid angiopathy.

PMID- 4056911
TI  - Intracerebral hemorrhage due to cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Case report.
AB  - The case is presented of a 59-year-old man with cerebral amyloid angiopathy and
      three consecutive hemorrhages in the occipital lobes. The clinicopathological
      features and the relationship to Alzheimer's dementia are discussed. The correct
      treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy is a
      matter of controversy.

PMID- 4056912
TI  - Mucocele of the pterygoid recess treated by laser surgery. Case report.
AB  - Mucoceles arising from accessory paranasal sinuses about the orbit are quite
      rare. A case is reported of a retro-orbital mucocele arising from the pterygoid
      recess of the sphenoid sinus. The clinical and anatomical presentations,
      computerized tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics, and
      laser surgical management of such lesions are described.

PMID- 4056913
TI  - Spontaneous reduction in size of prolactin-producing adenoma after delivery. Case
      report.
AB  - The authors describe the case of a pregnant woman with a large prolactin
      producing pituitary adenoma that regressed after delivery. The patient's
      neurological signs and symptoms spontaneously disappeared soon after delivery
      without treatment. Reduction in tumor size was confirmed on computerized
      tomography scans. It is hypothesized that the growth rate of a prolactinoma may
      be accelerated by estrogen.

PMID- 4056914
TI  - Intrasellar cysticercosis. Case report.
AB  - Cysticercosis of the pituitary fossa is a rare finding. A case is described in
      which intra- and suprasellar cysticercosis produced disturbances in both visual
      acuity and visual fields. On clinical examination, angiography, and computerized
      tomography, it simulated an intrasellar tumor with suprasellar extension. The
      diaphragma sellae was absent.

PMID- 4056916
TI  - A guide for ventricular catheter placement. Technical note.

PMID- 4056915
TI  - Biocompatibility analysis of the Sundt-Kees booster clip and the Drake aneurysm
      clip. Technical note.
AB  - A combination of the Sundt-Kees reinforcing aneurysm clip applied to a Drake
      aneurysm clip in a piggyback fashion was studied for possible defects due to
      corrosion and or tissue toxicity. These two clips, which are made of similar
      metal (301 stainless steel), showed little or no defects when immersed in 5%
      saline or when implanted in rats for 6 months. This study demonstrates that clips
      made of similar metals can be used piggyback in patients without ill effects
      provided that they are carefully handled to avoid any abrasion or misbends which
      could conceivably lead to corrosion.

PMID- 4056917
TI  - Efficacy and safety of chymopapain versus laminectomy.

PMID- 4056918
TI  - Rationale for preirradiation chemotherapy in treatment of malignant gliomas.

PMID- 4056919
TI  - Transorbital intracavernous needle biopsy in painful ophthalmoplegia.

PMID- 4056921
TI  - Effects of irradiation on mandibular scintigraphy.
AB  - Technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate (Sn) scintigraphy with computer analysis
      was used to investigate alterations in the pathophysiology of the normal mandible
      and the pathologic mandible during and after irradiation. Slight but significant
      elevations of uptake levels were recorded as an early effect of irradiation. The
      elevations correlated with the duration of treatment and normalized over a follow
      up period of 6 to 12 mo. Increased mandibular metabolism was found during
      irradiation and in osteomyelitis and osteoradionecrosis of the mandible.
      Scintigraphy with computer analysis proved a simple and valid method in the
      evaluation of early irradiation damage and pathophysiologic conditions of the
      mandible. The method can also be used to predict whether the irradiation damage
      will become irreversible.

PMID- 4056920
TI  - Comparison of single- and dual-photon absorptiometry in postmenopausal bone
      mineral loss.
AB  - We describe a single photon absorptiometric (SPA) technique, which enables
      differential estimation of the rates of loss from trabecular and cortical bone.
      Ten scans are obtained in the forearm: six in an area with about 7% trabecular
      bone and four scans in the adjacent distal area with a trabecular bone content of
      25%. By comparing bone masses of these two sites in 19 postmenopausal and 53
      premenopausal women, the postmenopausal trabecular bone loss was estimated to be
      approximately seven times greater than cortical loss within the first years of
      cessation of regular vaginal bleeding. On a group basis the bone loss at the
      distal forearm scan site (by SPA) corresponded closely to the spinal bone loss
      (by dual-photon absorptiometry). The reproducibility of the two scan sites in the
      forearm was 1-1.5% (CV%), which makes the method suitable for longitudinal
      studies. Corrections for variations in fatty tissue covering can be made without
      deterioration of the reproducibility. The high precision can only be achieved
      with a good calibration procedure; if calibration is not done the reproducibility
      error increases two- or threefold.

PMID- 4056922
TI  - Evaluation of renal-skeleton ratio of technetium-99m phosphonate in multiple
      myeloma.
AB  - The kidneys were evaluated on [99mTc]phosphonate bone scans using 35 studies from
      23 individuals with multiple myeloma; these images were compared with those from
      50 controls. In each case, the kidneys could be visualized and calculation was
      made of the renal:skeleton ratio. Two myeloma patients showed an elevated
      renal:skeleton ratio. One was due to reduced vertebral uptake of
      [99mTc]phosphonate following therapeutic radiation. In the second case, the
      elevated ratio was related to renal uptake of the tracer (independent of urinary
      retention), and was consistent with nephrocalcinosis. No significant correlation
      between the renal:skeleton ratio and the degree of hypercalcemia, proteinuria, or
      renal impairment was found. We conclude that bone scintigraphy represents a safe,
      simple means of demonstrating renal presence and activity in multiple myeloma
      patients. However, calculation of the renal:skeleton ratio is not directly
      helpful in clarifying the events of calcium metabolism.

PMID- 4056923
TI  - Demonstration of a malignant soft-tissue lymphoma during triple-phase skeletal
      scintigraphy.
AB  - Malignant soft-tissue neoplasms may be demonstrated in the course of triple-phase
      skeletal scintigraphy due to the presence of either abnormal vascularity or
      calcifications. We report the unusual case of a malignant lymphoma which was
      detected in the vascular phases of a triple-phase skeletal scintigraphic study
      but was not visualized utilizing conventional radioangiographic techniques.
      Lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of soft-tissue
      neoplasms demonstrable by scintiangiography.

PMID- 4056924
TI  - Leiomyoma of terminal ileum producing a false-positive Meckel's scan.
AB  - A case of positive Meckel's diverticulum scan caused by a leiomyoma of the
      terminal ileum is reported. The early appearance of activity on the perfusion
      study aided in recognition of a false-positive scan.

PMID- 4056925
TI  - Indium-111 white blood cell scan for infectious complications of polycystic renal
      disease.
AB  - This case report describes the localization of a unilateral renal abscess with
      [111In]oxine-labeled autologous leukocyte scanning in a febrile patient with
      polycystic renal disease, after other noninvasive imaging procedures failed to
      identify a source of infection. In polycystic renal disease, leukocyte scans have
      advantages over standard diagnostic modalities and are very helpful in planning
      appropriate therapy.

PMID- 4056926
TI  - Design, preparation, and biodistribution of a technetium-99m triaminedithiol
      complex to assess regional cerebral blood flow.
AB  - A new ligand (N-piperidinylethyl-DADT, 5) has been prepared which forms two
      complexes with 99mTc when stannous chloride is used as a reducing agent for
      [99mTc] pertechnetate. Biodistribution studies of one of the complexes in mice
      showed that 2.2% of the injected dose of the tracer was in the brain at 5 min
      postintravenous injection with 0.53% of the dose remaining in the brain at 30 min
      postinjection. Brain-to-blood ratios at these times were 5.3 and 3.0,
      respectively. Biodistribution studies of the other complex showed similar
      behavior with a slightly lower initial uptake by and faster clearance from the
      brain. Imaging studies of the more promising of the two complexes were conducted
      in a monkey and a baboon. In both cases, rapid uptake of the tracer in the brain
      was observed and clear brain images were obtained. Time-activity curves showed
      peak uptake in the brain at approximately 5 to 7 min postintravenous injection
      followed by a plateau of about 11 min. The half-lives for clearance of the tracer
      from the brains of the monkey and baboon were found to be 63 and 58 min,
      respectively. These results suggest that this tracer may be useful for brain
      imaging in humans.

PMID- 4056928
TI  - The effect of source size on the buildup factor calculation of absolute volume.
AB  - A general scheme for generating attenuation-corrected images for use in absolute
      volume measurements has been developed. The technique is based on a buildup
      factor approach for Compton scatter compensation and requires anterior and
      posterior count-rate measurements. The scatter correction requires evaluation of
      the attenuation factor (1-(1-e-mu d)B(infinity), where mu is the linear
      attenuation coefficient in cm-1 and B(infinity) is the buildup factor at infinite
      depth. The attenuation factors for four different source sizes using 99mTcO4- and
      a 20% scintillation camera energy window are reported. The results indicated that
      B(infinity) was constant while mu varied as a function of size (S) in pixels
      according to mu = 0.151 cm-1 X exp(-1.18 X 10(-4) pixels-1 X S). Once the
      appropriate value of mu was determined, a pair of anterior-posterior count rate
      equations was used to generate attenuation-corrected count rate data for use in
      absolute volume measurements. The method was validated by calculating three
      separate phantom volumes. The results showed that the method provides less than
      +/- 6.0% error for volume determinations at all investigated depths.

PMID- 4056927
TI  - A noninvasive procedure for in vivo assay of a lung amine endothelial receptor.
AB  - Lung endothelial N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) binding sites were assessed
      applying principles of competitive binding assay adapted for in vivo measurements
      obtained by digital imaging. Data were acquired following the method published by
      Rahimian et al., a modification of the dual indicator dilution technique of
      Chinard and Crone. Iodine-123 (123I) IMP, the test cellular tracer, and
      technetium-99m (99mTc) dextran, the reference vascular tracer were imaged during
      their first pass through the superior vena cava, right heart, lungs, and left
      heart in West African dwarf goats. The lung fractional extraction of IMP
      diminished progressively from 0.96 to 0.20 as the amount of IMP in the test
      tracer boluses was gradually increased from 0.6 to 150 mg. This demonstrated that
      lung extraction of IMP is by way of a saturable binding system, presumably
      receptors. The dissociation constant of IMP-lung binding sites reaction was
      calculated by Scatchard plot and found to be 11.7 mg. The amount of IMP bound at
      saturation (R), was found to be 30 mg. Assuming that a single molecule of IMP
      bound a single receptor, the total number of free receptors was computed as the
      Avogadro's number times R, divided by the IMP molecular weight, and found to be
      6.04 X 10(19). Using a computer model, it was determined that the 20 mg per bolus
      isotherm was the most sensitive for measuring the number of total free receptors
      (binding sites). This is the first time, to our knowledge, that noninvasive in
      vivo assessment of receptors in lung has been accomplished. Basically, the method
      used can be applied in humans and, also, to assess receptors in organs other than
      the lungs.

PMID- 4056929
TI  - Effect of scintillation camera nonuniformity on ejection fraction measurements.
AB  - A rotating cardiac phantom with three possible ejection fraction (EF) values was
      used in conjunction with a scintillation camera employing energy correction and
      count skim arithmetic for uniformity correction. Studies were collected with and
      without any correction, with the energy window of the analyzer set properly, and
      with the camera properly tuned. The uniformity was then degraded in one
      experiment by off-setting the analyzer window both high and low with respect to
      the primary photopeak and in another experiment by de-tuning a selected
      photomultiplier tube. In both experiments studies were taken with no correction
      enabled, and then with each of the correction options enabled. The results of
      both experiments show that ejection fraction values could be in error when the
      differential uniformity using National Electrical Manufacturers Association
      (NEMA) protocols exceeds 10%. If either energy correction alone, or energy
      correction combined with count skim correction is used, the ejection fraction
      values return to more acceptable values. Asymmetric windows, improper setting of
      the energy window or a badly tuned photomultiplier will likely result in poor
      analog images before the effect on ejection fraction measurements becomes
      evident. Uniformity correction devices do not adversely affect the numerical
      results obtained from these phantom studies, but should, nevertheless, be used
      with caution.

PMID- 4056930
TI  - Bone mineral density of the radius: where do we stand?

PMID- 4056931
TI  - Congenital lobar emphysema: segmental lobar involvement demonstrated on
      ventilation and perfusion imaging.

PMID- 4056932
TI  - Cost of gamma photon absorptiometry in management of osteoporosis.

PMID- 4056933
TI  - Three Mile Island--six years later.

PMID- 4056934
TI  - Electrophoretic analysis of technetium-99m MDP complexes.

PMID- 4056935
TI  - Measurement of glomerular filtration rate using technetium-99m DTPA.

PMID- 4056936
TI  - Analysis of zinc data from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination
      Survey (NHANES II).

PMID- 4056937
TI  - Analysis of folate data from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination
      Survey (NHANES II).

PMID- 4056938
TI  - Effects of undernutrition during suckling on footshock escape behavior and on
      related neurochemical parameters in rats.
AB  - The effects of undernutrition during suckling on neurochemical and behavioral
      parameters were investigated in adult rats. Young rats were undernourished by
      feeding their mothers an 8% (by wt) protein diet from delivery until weaning (d
      21). Mothers of control rats were fed a 20% protein diet. After weaning, normal
      and undernourished rats were fed a 20% protein diet until 90-120 d of age, when
      the rats were subjected to footshocks of low and high intensity during escape
      training sessions. The memory of footshock escape learning was measured 24 h
      later by testing with low and high footshock intensity. Also, two neurochemical
      changes related to the escape training with high footshock intensity were
      studied: hypothalamic beta-endorphin release during the training and the increase
      of amino acid incorporation into protein in brain structures 4 h after training.
      By means of low shock intensity we observed that undernutrition during suckling
      causes hyperreactivity to electric shock. By means of high shock intensity we
      observed that undernutrition abolished the neurochemical changes caused by
      learning training and abolished the memory of footshock escape learning.

PMID- 4056939
TI  - Effect of dietary polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio and dietary vitamin
      E on lipid peroxidation in the rat.
AB  - The effects of the dietary ratio of polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids (P/S)
      and dietary vitamin E on lipid peroxidation (LP) were examined to determine
      whether the vitamin E requirement is elevated by increased P/S in ratios
      comparable to those found in human diets. Twelve groups of male weanling rats
      (six/group) were fed purified diets containing 20% fat with P/S ratios of 0.38,
      0.82 or 2.30. At each P/S level, groups of rats received either 0, 10, 40 or 100
      IU vitamin E/kg diet supplied as all-rac-alpha-tocopherol. After the diets were
      fed for 16 wk, in vivo LP was assessed by measuring pentane in expired breath.
      Pentane levels were significantly elevated in rats fed 0 IU vitamin E at all P/S
      levels. Both 40 and 100 IU vitamin E decreased pentane production to minimal
      levels for all P/S groups. Liver malondialdehyde levels and in vitro spontaneous
      red blood cell hemolysis results also indicated a significant effect of vitamin E
      in reducing in vitro LP, but no overall effect of P/S. Testicular and epididymal
      histology showed no effect of dietary P/S on the vitamin E requirement. These
      data demonstrated 40 IU vitamin E to be adequate for maximal inhibition of LP at
      the P/S levels tested and indicated that these levels of dietary P/S had no
      significant impact on the vitamin E requirement for the growing rat.

PMID- 4056940
TI  - Comparative effects of protein, protein hydrolysate and amino acid diets on
      nitrogen metabolism of normal, protein-deficient, gastrectomized or
      hepatectomized rats.
AB  - The effects of diets containing protein, protein hydrolysate or an amino acid
      mixture on nitrogen metabolism of normal and severely protein-deficient rats and
      on rats after gastrectomy and hepatectomy were compared. In experiment 1, rats
      weighing about 80 g were fed one of three experimental diets containing casein,
      protein hydrolysate or an amino acid mixture for 28 d. In experiment 2, rats
      weighing about 270 g were fed a protein-free diet for 40 d, and then one of the
      above three experimental diets for 14 d. In experiment 3, rats weighing about 220
      g were totally gastrectomized and fed one of the three experimental diets for 21
      d. In experiment 4, rats weighing about 210 g had about 70% of the liver
      resected, and then were fed one of the three experimental diets for 15 d. In all
      four experiments, daily food intake, daily body weight gain, nitrogen balance,
      urinary nitrogen compounds, body composition and hematologic values were
      measured. In normal, protein-deficient and hepatectomized rats, most results were
      similar for the groups fed protein, protein hydrolysate or amino acid diets,
      except that urinary ammonia was higher in the group fed the amino acid diet than
      in the other two groups. For about 10 d after total gastrectomy, food intake and
      growth of the animals fed the protein diet were lower than in the other two
      groups.

PMID- 4056941
TI  - Energy intake, weight gain and fat deposition in rats fed flavored, nutritionally
      controlled diets in a multichoice ("cafeteria") design.
AB  - The effect of flavor variety on diet selection, energy intake, weight gain and
      fat deposition was studied in male rats fed flavored, nutritionally controlled,
      purified diets in a multichoice "cafeteria" (CAF) arrangement. Serum insulin, L
      3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels were also determined. Rats
      fed nutritionally balanced diets containing a variety of preferred flavors and
      textural forms ad libitum in a CAF design did not consume more energy nor did
      they gain more weight than rats fed a single choice of nutritionally balanced
      diet with no modifications in flavor or texture. Feeding high fat, high sucrose
      diets containing a variety of flavors in a CAF arrangement resulted in higher
      energy intake, body weight gain, lipid content in fat pads and serum T3 levels
      than did feeding the nutritionally balanced diet. However, the high fat diet with
      no added flavors also resulted in an energy intake, body weight gain and lipid
      content of fat pads at a level equal or close to that produced by the CAF feeding
      of the flavored, high fat, high sucrose diet. It is therefore concluded that the
      effect of a variety of food flavors on hyperphagia and fat deposition is of minor
      importance in purified diets compared to the stimulating effect of the fat in the
      diet.

PMID- 4056942
TI  - Effect of ambient temperature on the toxicity of palmitoyl glycerol in weanling
      mice.
AB  - The toxicity of dietary rac-1(3)-palmitoyl glycerol in weanling mice was greatly
      exacerbated when the animals were kept at low ambient temperatures. Death
      occurred at temperatures below 25 degrees C but did not occur when the
      temperature was between 27 and 35 degrees C. As observed previously,
      supplementing the diet with 4% safflower oil afforded some protection against the
      toxicity of palmitoyl glycerol. In contrast, the interstitial pneumonitis,
      usually observed when palmitoyl glycerol is fed, was found in the lungs of
      animals at all temperatures. These findings show that the lung lesion is not the
      immediate cause of death.

PMID- 4056943
TI  - Alterations in tissue trace element and ascorbic acid metabolism in phenytoin-fed
      rats and mice.
AB  - Phenytoin was fed to rats and mice in their diet for 6 wk. The dosage was about
      80 mg/kg. In rats, phenytoin treatment had no effect on tissue and body weights
      and had a minimal effect on the hepatic mixed-function oxidase (MFO, EC
      1.14.14.1) system. Plasma ascorbic acid levels were higher in the phenytoin group
      than in the controls, but tissue levels and the rate of ascorbic acid synthesis
      were similar in the two groups. Also, copper concentration in liver and kidney
      was significantly higher in phenytoin-treated rats than in controls. Iron, zinc
      and manganese levels were unchanged in comparison to control values in liver,
      kidney, heart and brain. In contrast to the results with rats, phenytoin
      treatment in mice resulted in a lower body weight and a clear induction in the
      hepatic MFO system compared to that in controls. Phenytoin treatment resulted in
      higher liver ascorbic acid tissue levels than in controls. Liver copper and
      kidney zinc were lower and liver and kidney calcium and bone iron were higher in
      phenytoin-fed mice than in controls. This study shows that for both species
      phenytoin feeding affected ascorbic acid and tissue trace element metabolism. The
      clinical significance of these findings with regard to the nutritional status of
      the human patient undergoing treatment with phenytoin needs to be considered.

PMID- 4056944
TI  - Fatty acids and retinyl esters of rat milk: effects of diet and duration of
      lactation.
AB  - This study was initiated to explore the quantitative and qualitative differences
      in milk total fatty acids and milk retinyl esters when either hydrogenated or
      nonhydrogenated fat is fed during pregnancy and lactation. Rats were fed diets
      containing 10% by weight of corn oil or partially hydrogenated corn oil. Milk was
      collected on d 1, 8 and 14 of lactation and analyzed for protein, total fatty
      acids, fatty acid pattern, and retinyl ester pattern. Whereas diet produced no
      quantitative differences in milk protein or total fatty acids, the pattern of
      milk fatty acids varied significantly. Rats fed corn oil produced milk having
      more medium-chain saturated fatty acids, less long-chain monoenoic fatty acids,
      and more polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to those fed hydrogenated corn oil.
      Rats fed hydrogenated corn oil produced milk fat having 21-26% of the trans fatty
      acid, elaidic acid. Significant differences were also observed with duration of
      lactation: medium-chain fatty acids increased three to fourfold between d 1 and
      8, where cis-monoenes and polyunsaturated fatty acids declined. The pattern of
      milk retinyl esters strongly reflected, but was not identical to, that of total
      milk fat. Comparing d 14 milk from rats fed corn oil with that from rats fed
      hydrogenated corn oil, medium-chain esters of retinol constituted 24 and 11% of
      total retinyl esters, whereas saturated long-chain fatty acid esters constituted
      52 and 44%, respectively. trans Fatty acid esters of retinol comprised 24% of
      vitamin A esters in milk of rats fed hydrogenated fat. These data provide
      evidence that the composition of milk retinyl esters, as well as that of total
      milk fat, is determined both by the type of fatty acids from diet and from diet
      related differences in de novo synthesis of fatty acids within the mammary gland
      and other tissues.

PMID- 4056945
TI  - Plasma amino acids and excretion of protein end products by mice fed 10 or 40%
      soybean protein diets with or without dietary benzo[a]pyrene or 1,2
      dimethylhydrazine.
AB  - The effects of two carcinogens benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and symmetrical 1,2
      dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH), on plasma amino acid concentrations and
      on excretion of lipids and nitrogenous metabolites were studied in 7- to 8-wk-old
      male and female B6C3F1 mice. BP and DMH were fed at concentrations of 0.3125 and
      0.0225 g/kg, respectively, in purified diets containing 10 or 40% soybean
      protein. Nutritional balances were measured over a 7-d period after 7 d of
      acclimatization. Females excreted less urea and more NH3 than males. Urinary urea
      nitrogen, NH3, allantoin, uric acid and total urinary nitrogen were consistently
      higher in mice fed 40% protein than in those fed 10% protein. The increases in
      total and NH3 nitrogen paralleled the increase in nitrogen intake. Nitrogen of
      urea rose more, while that of allantoin and uric acid rose less, than nitrogen
      intake. Fecal lipid excretion, as a percentage of intake, was consistently higher
      in mice fed the 40% protein diets than in mice fed 10% protein. Plasma glycine
      and branched-chain amino acids were higher, but citrulline was lower, when the
      40% protein diet was fed. Body weight gain was higher when the 10% protein diet
      was fed with BP than without it, but BP made no apparent difference in weight
      gain when the 40% protein diet was fed. BP interacted with dietary protein to
      influence the excretion of nitrogenous metabolites. In addition, BP feeding
      produced numerous BP X sex and BP X protein interactions for plasma amino acid
      concentrations. Compared to controls, feed intake and weight gain were,
      respectively, 8 and 61% lower in DMH-fed animals during wk 1, but no differences
      in intake or weight gain were found during wk 2. In contrast to BP, DMH had no
      significant effects on urinary or fecal nitrogen metabolites, except that urinary
      uric acid (relative to nitrogen intake) was 9% higher in DMH-fed mice than in
      controls. DMH-fed mice had 43% higher serum glutamate and 6% lower glutamine than
      controls.

PMID- 4056946
TI  - Fatty acid-binding protein activities in bovine muscle, liver and adipose tissue.
AB  - Subcutaneous adipose tissue, sternomandibularis muscle and liver were obtained
      from steers immediately postmortem. Muscle strips and adipose tissue snips were
      incubated with 0.75 mM [1-14C]palmitate and 5 mM glucose. Muscle strips
      esterified palmitate at the rate of 2.5 nmol/min per gram tissue, which was 30%
      of the rate observed for adipose tissue. Fatty acid-binding protein activity was
      measured in 104,000 x g supernatant fractions of liver, muscle and adipose tissue
      homogenates. Muscle and adipose tissue fractions bound 840 and 140 pmol [1
      14C]palmitoyl-CoA per gram tissue, respectively. Fatty acid-binding protein
      activity was greater in adipose tissue than in muscle when data were expressed
      per milligram protein (35 vs. 13 pmol palmitoyl-CoA bound per milligram of
      soluble protein, respectively). Fatty acid binding-protein activity was
      correlated with the rate of palmitate esterification within each tissue. Liver
      contained the highest fatty acid-binding protein activity (13,000 pmol palmitoyl
      CoA bound per gram tissue and 215 pmol palmitoyl-CoA bound per milligrams soluble
      protein).

PMID- 4056947
TI  - Microdifferential holography.
AB  - A novel coherent imaging method analogous to electronic differential
      amplification is described and analyzed. The method is well suited to
      highlighting local changes in the optical properties of a dynamic object whose
      more prominent details are largely static. The object may be examined either in
      transmitted light or in reflected light. The method discriminates between changes
      that result from substructural reorganization of object details too fine to be
      imaged as resolved structures and changes that result from the microdisplacement
      of optically resolved structures. Substructural reorganization is signaled by
      changes in the amplitude of the transmitted or reflected light, whereas ordinary
      displacement is displayed in the usual way through a change in phase. The method
      is capable of detecting displacements as small as several milliwavelengths.
      Images of contractile activity in muscle are presented that illustrate the
      method's sensitivity and analytic power.

PMID- 4056948
TI  - Image gathering and processing: information and fidelity.
AB  - In this paper we formulate and use information and fidelity criteria to assess
      image gathering and processing, combining optical design with image-forming and
      edge-detection algorithms. The optical design of the image-gathering system
      revolves around the relationship among sampling passband, spatial response, and
      signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Our formulations of information, fidelity, and
      optimal (Wiener) restoration account for the insufficient sampling (i.e.,
      aliasing) common in image gathering as well as for the blurring and noise that
      conventional formulations account for. Performance analyses and simulations for
      ordinary optical-design constraints and random scenes indicate that (1) different
      image-forming algorithms prefer different optical designs; (2) informationally
      optimized designs maximize the robustness of optimal image restorations and lead
      to the highest-spatial-frequency channel (relative to the sampling passband) for
      which edge detection is reliable (if the SNR is sufficiently high); and (3)
      combining the informationally optimized design with a 3 by 3 lateral-inhibitory
      image-plane-processing algorithm leads to a spatial-response shape that
      approximates the optimal edge-detection response of (Marr's model of) human
      vision and thus reduces the data preprocessing and transmission required for
      machine vision.

PMID- 4056949
TI  - Effect of noise correlation on detectability of disk signals in medical imaging.
AB  - Pixel signal-to-noise ratio is one accepted measure of image quality for
      predicting observer performance in medical imaging. We have found, however, that
      images with equal pixel signal-to-noise ratio (SNRp) but different correlation
      properties give quite different observer-performance measures for a simple
      detection experiment. The SNR at the output of an ideal detector with the ability
      to prewhiten the noise is also a poor predictor of human performance for disk
      signals in high-pass noise. We have found constant observer efficiencies for
      humans relative to the performance of a nonprewhitening detector for this task.

PMID- 4056950
TI  - Perceived contrast in the fovea and periphery.
AB  - Subjects estimated the perceived contrast of 2 degrees-diameter sine-wave grating
      patches for spatial frequencies of 2, 4, 8, and 16 cycles/deg, at eccentricities
      from 0 degrees to 40 degrees and contrasts up to 0.8. The data were well fitted
      in all cases by power functions of contrast minus threshold, with exponents of
      the order of 0.5 implying similar mechanisms in both fovea and periphery. The
      data also demonstrate that, at high physical contrast, the visual system is
      generally driven toward an operating state in which two stimuli of equal physical
      contrast have equal perceived contrast even if the thresholds are quite
      different. As a consequence, peripheral perceived contrasts produced by high
      physical contrasts show almost no change with eccentricity, whereas thresholds
      increase by at least an order of magnitude. This implies that mechanisms
      mediating threshold detection and suprathreshold perception may be different.

PMID- 4056951
TI  - Intensity-dependent spatial summation.
AB  - Psychophysical evidence indicates that, in the human retina, the size of the
      spatial-summation area decreases as illuminance increases. Such a relationship
      would be beneficial for the detection of spatial contrast in the presence of
      photon noise. We analyze an image-processing mechanism in which the area of a
      strictly positive point-spread function varies inversely with local illuminance
      while its volume remains constant. In addition to its expected effect of
      improving spatial resolution as illuminance increases, this mechanism also yields
      center-surround antagonism and all other manifestations of bandpass filtering and
      accounts for Ricco's law and Weber's law--including the failures of both laws as
      a function of test conditions. The relationship between this mechanism and
      lateral inhibition is analyzed.

PMID- 4056952
TI  - Remarks on signal-processing explanations of the trichromacy of vision.
AB  - We present criticism of signal-processing arguments recently used to explain the
      trichromacy of color vision. In particular, we note that illuminant spectral
      power distributions (SPD's) can be metameric even when the signal-processing
      arguments state that trichromatic vision represents such SPD's without ambiguity.
      Being statistical in nature, these arguments need not apply to each individual
      SPD; however, further use of the arguments calls for attributing them to some
      ensemble of SPD's and then testing whether the ensemble satisfies the underlying
      statistical assumptions.

PMID- 4056953
TI  - Outpatient cisplatin chemotherapy in a community hospital cancer center.

PMID- 4056954
TI  - [Mechanical properties of the vocal fold in excised human larynges--resonance
      characteristics by a single rectangular pulse excitation].

PMID- 4056955
TI  - [A morphogenetic study of the facial nerve in the mouse fetus].

PMID- 4056956
TI  - [Articulatory examination following the surgical treatments of carcinoma of the
      tongue--a proposal of an utterance list consisting of 25 monosyllables].

PMID- 4056958
TI  - [Physiological characteristics of the first order horizontal canal neurons in
      guinea pigs. 1. Resting discharge characteristics].

PMID- 4056959
TI  - [The effects of alcohol on the acoustic reflex].

PMID- 4056957
TI  - [Clinical aspect of aspirin-induced asthma].

PMID- 4056960
TI  - [Neuro-otological findings in acute diphenylhydantoin (DPH) intoxication].

PMID- 4056961
TI  - [Three cases of the foreign bodies of button batteries in the nasal cavity].

PMID- 4056962
TI  - Evaluating the effects of parent groups on the correlates of adolescent substance
      abuse.

PMID- 4056963
TI  - Self-reports of youthful drinking and driving: sensitivity analyses of sensitive
      data.

PMID- 4056964
TI  - Food hypersensitivity and atopic dermatitis: evaluation of 113 patients.
AB  - One hundred thirteen patients with severe atopic dermatitis were evaluated for
      food hypersensitivity with double-blind placebo-controlled oral food challenges.
      Sixty-three (56%) children experienced 101 positive food challenges; skin
      symptoms developed in 85 (84%) challenges, gastrointestinal symptoms in 53 (52%),
      and respiratory symptoms in 32 (32%). Egg, peanut, and milk accounted for 72% of
      the hypersensitivity reactions induced. History and laboratory data were of
      marginal value in predicting which patients were likely to have food allergy.
      When patients were given appropriate restrictive diets based on oral food
      challenge results, approximately 40% of the 40 patients re-evaluated lost their
      hypersensitivity after 1 or 2 years, and most showed significant improvement in
      their clinical course compared with patients in whom no food allergy was
      documented. These studies demonstrate that food hypersensitivity plays a
      pathogenic role in some children with atopic dermatitis and that appropriate
      diagnosis and exclusionary diets can lead to significant improvement in their
      skin symptoms.

PMID- 4056965
TI  - Natural history of severe reactions to foods in young children.
AB  - Nine children with very severe adverse reactions to foods during the first 2
      years of life were followed to determine the subsequent course of their
      reactions. Cautious challenges were given in these children over a period of
      time. Three of nine children can tolerate the offending food in usual portions;
      four of nine can tolerate small amounts of the offending food; and two children
      continue to have reactions to small amounts of the offending food. At some time
      each of these children have exhibited significant positive wheal and flare
      reactions when skin tested with extracts of the offending food. This study
      demonstrates that some children with severe reactions to foods may lose their
      frightening reactivity to foods over time. Very careful challenges in these
      patients are thus justified to save families from prolonged anxiety about
      accidental ingestion, which inevitably occurs.

PMID- 4056966
TI  - Scintigraphic differentiation of bone infarction from osteomyelitis in children
      with sickle cell disease.
AB  - Bone scans or bone marrow scans or both were obtained during 42 episodes of bone
      pain in 40 children with sickle cell disease, and the usefulness of these
      procedures was compared. On the basis of the subsequent clinical course, a
      diagnosis of bone infarction was made in 34 episodes, and osteomyelitis in eight.
      Among 22 patients with bone infarction, uptake on bone scan was increased in 14,
      decreased in three, and normal in five. Seven of eight patients with
      osteomyelitis had increased uptake on bone scan; one had normal uptake. In
      contrast, marrow scan uptake was markedly decreased in 15 of 16 patients with
      bone infarction, and was normal in five of five patients with osteomyelitis.
      Thus, decreased uptake on bone marrow scan in a patient with sickle cell disease
      and bone pain almost invariably indicates infarction, whereas normal uptake
      strongly suggests the diagnosis of osteomyelitis. We found marrow scans more
      useful than bone scans for this differential diagnosis.

PMID- 4056967
TI  - Familial granulomatous arthritis, iritis, and rash.
AB  - Eleven family members over four generations have had granulomatous disease of the
      skin, eyes, and joints. Ten have had arthritis; two had skin, eye, and joint
      involvement; one had skin and joint disease, and one had iritis only. The disease
      is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait and is not associated with HLA-B27.
      The disease resembles sarcoidosis in some ways but not in others, and is probably
      a new syndrome. The major long-term problems are iritis and joint contractures.

PMID- 4056968
TI  - Platelet antibody in prolonged remission of childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic
      purpura.
AB  - Evaluations were performed in 20 patients with childhood idiopathic
      thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) who remained in remission longer than 12 months.
      The mean duration of follow-up from diagnosis was 39 months (range 17 to 87
      months). Eleven patients (four girls) in group 1 had an acute course of ITP,
      defined as platelet count greater than 150 X 10(9)/L within 6 months of
      diagnosis. Nine patients (five girls) in group 2 had a chronic course, defined as
      platelet count less than 150 X 10(9)/L for greater than or equal to 1 year or
      requiring splenectomy in an attempt to control hemorrhagic symptoms. Mean age at
      diagnosis and duration of follow-up were similar for both groups. Platelet count
      and serum (indirect) platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) levels were normal in all 20
      patients at follow-up. Both direct and indirect PAIgG levels were measured using
      a 125I-monoclonal anti-IgG antiglobulin assay. All had normal direct PAIgG
      levels, except for one patient in group 1 who had a borderline elevated value of
      1209 molecules per platelet. These data suggest that the prevalence of elevated
      platelet antibodies is low during sustained remission without medication in
      patients with a history of childhood ITP. These data may be relevant for pregnant
      women with a history of childhood ITP, with regard to the risk of delivering an
      infant with thrombocytopenia secondary to transplacental passage of maternal
      platelet antibody.

PMID- 4056969
TI  - Differentiation of transient hyperammonemia of the newborn and urea cycle enzyme
      defects by clinical presentation.
AB  - We reviewed clinical data in 33 patients with transient hyperammonemia of the
      newborn (THAN): six previously unreported cases and 27 from the literature.
      Thirteen neonates with urea cycle enzyme deficiencies (UCED) served for
      comparison. No differences were found in the incidence of perinatal
      complications, route of delivery, Apgar scores, sex, or incidence or time of
      onset of seizures. On the other hand, neonates with THAN had significantly lower
      birth weights (mean +/- SEM 2282 +/- 78 gm vs 3336 +/- 222 gm, P less than 0.001)
      and gestational ages (35.1 +/- 0.5 weeks vs 39.6 +/- 0.5 weeks, P less than
      0.001). Mean time of onset of respiratory distress (3.9 +/- 1.4 hours vs 71.5 +/-
      26.1 hours, P less than 0.001), ventilatory support (P less than 0.001), lethargy
      (P less than 0.005), and coma (P less than 0.005) occurred earlier in THAN.
      Distinctive laboratory findings in patients with THAN included abnormal chest
      radiographic findings and plasma ammonium concentrations that were higher (1871
      +/- 209 microM vs 973 +/- 169 microM, P less than 0.02) at an earlier age.
      Respiratory distress occurred in all but one patient with THAN before 24 hours;
      in contrast, only 62% of infants with UCED had respiratory symptoms, and none
      before 30 hours. In this retrospective study, the clinical presentation alone
      differentiated THAN from UCED.

PMID- 4056971
TI  - Symptomatic sinus bradycardia in infants with structurally normal hearts.
AB  - Sixteen infants, ages 6 weeks to 23 months, were evaluated because of syncopal
      attacks (n = 6), apneic episodes (n = 3), or a combination of syncope, apnea, or
      "convulsions" (n = 7). Comprehensive metabolic and neurologic investigations
      yielded negative results in 15 infants; in one, an abnormal EEG was recorded.
      Severe sinus bradycardia, complete sinus arrest, junctional escape rhythm, or
      ventricular escape rhythm was found in four patients, and permanent
      multiprogrammable pacemakers were implanted. Follow-up for 6 to 24 months with
      ventricular demand pacing showed complete cessation of attacks in two infants and
      marked improvement in two.

PMID- 4056970
TI  - Imparied calcitonin secretion in patients with Williams syndrome.
AB  - Williams syndrome is associated with neonatal hypercalcemia of unclear
      pathogenesis. To learn more about the hormonal control of calcium metabolism in
      patients with Williams syndrome, we studied five such children, with intravenous
      calcium and parathyroid hormone infusions as provocative stimuli. These patients
      were found to have significantly higher mean baseline calcium concentrations,
      delayed clearance of calcium after intravenous calcium loading, and blunted
      calcitonin responses after calcium infusion, compared with a group of seven
      normal children. No abnormalities of vitamin D metabolite concentrations were
      found, either before or after parathyroid hormone stimulation. Our studies
      demonstrate that patients with Williams syndrome have a defect in the synthesis
      or release of immunoreactive calcitonin. A deficiency of calcitonin may explain
      the abnormalities of calcium metabolism seen in these patients and can serve as
      an important endocrine marker for Williams syndrome.

PMID- 4056972
TI  - Motility and arousal in near miss sudden infant death syndrome.
AB  - Developmental sleep patterns were compared in infants at known risk for "near
      miss" sudden infant death syndrome and age-matched normal infants. Near-miss SIDS
      infants had significant differences suggestive of a temporary developmental
      delay. They retained rapid eye movement (REM) sleep at neonatal proportions, and
      stage 2 non-REM sleep appeared later. They also had a significantly increased
      apnea index. Twenty-four-hour recordings of sleep and respiratory patterns in
      near-miss SIDS infants from 3 weeks through 6 months of age showed a significant
      reduction in number of body movements in REM, non-REM, and total sleep time and
      in percentage of movement time at 3 weeks through 3 months of age. These findings
      can be used to address the role of arousal threshold in infants at risk for SIDS.

PMID- 4056973
TI  - High-dose intravenous intact IgG infusion in refractory autoimmune hemolytic
      anemia (Evans syndrome).

PMID- 4056974
TI  - Hypoglycorrhachia in neonatal herpes simplex virus meningoencephalitis.

PMID- 4056975
TI  - Female pseudohermaphroditism with anorectal, mullerian duct, and urinary tract
      malformations: report of four cases.

PMID- 4056976
TI  - Renal failure in a sibship with late-onset cystinosis.

PMID- 4056977
TI  - Stability of amino acids and galactose in the newborn screening filter paper
      blood specimen.

PMID- 4056978
TI  - So-called thiamin-responsive maple syrup urine disease: 15-year follow-up of the
      original patient.

PMID- 4056979
TI  - Fortified mothers' milk for very low birth weight infants: results of
      macromineral balance studies.
AB  - The mineral adequacy of fortified mothers' milk for very low birth weight (VLBW)
      infants was tested during their first two postnatal months. Metabolic balance and
      serum Ca, P, Mg, Na, and K values were evaluated at 2.5 and 6 weeks of life in 32
      VLBW infants (less than 1.3 kg). Infants were fed either their mothers' milk
      fortified with skim and cream components derived from heat-treated, lyophilized
      mature human milk (FMM) or commercial cow milk-derived formulas. Despite Ca and P
      concentrations 50% to 100% higher in the fortified human milk than is usual in
      unfortified human milk, group FMM's Ca and P intakes remained significantly below
      those fed formula (P less than 0.001). Serum calcium levels and alkaline
      phosphatase activity were higher and serum phosphorus lower (P less than 0.002)
      in group FMM, whereas serum levels of magnesium, sodium, and potassium were
      similar in both groups. Ninety-six-hour urinary excretion of Ca was greater and
      96-hour urinary excretion of P was less in group FMM (P less than 0.02).
      Retention of Ca and P in both groups was significantly below estimates of
      intrauterine accretion. Mg retention was significantly higher in group FMM (P
      less than 0.002) despite intakes of Mg significantly below those in infants fed
      formula. Although intakes of Na were below recommended levels in both groups, by
      the second balance period all infants demonstrated Na retention that was greater
      than expected from the sum of estimates of intrauterine accretion and dermal
      losses. Similar findings were noted for K. Biochemical and balance data indicate
      that relative to the needs of the VLBW infant, fortified mothers' milk was
      deficient in Ca and P, but adequate in Mg, Na, and K.

PMID- 4056980
TI  - Cardiac output in newborn infants with transient myocardial dysfunction.
AB  - Decreased cardiac output is a common presumption in left ventricular myocardial
      dysfunction in neonates, but because of a lack of reliable noninvasive
      techniques, data on cardiac output are missing. We measured cardiac output by
      pulsed Doppler echocardiography in 22 newborn infants with left ventricular
      myocardial dysfunction diagnosed by M-mode echocardiography. Eleven neonates had
      severe perinatal asphyxia, seven had tachypnea, two hypoglycemia, and one septic
      shock; one had no symptoms. Right ventricular function was abnormal in 13 of the
      22 infants. Hypotension was found in eight; cardiac output and stroke volume were
      low in 20. The abnormalities were more pronounced in infants with asphyxia. Six
      such infants were given dopamine (4 to 10 micrograms/kg/min). Within 1 hour,
      arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate increased
      sharply, with normalization of the myocardial contractility; the other
      echocardiographic abnormalities normalized over 24 to 48 hours. Pulsed Doppler
      echocardiography is an advance in the detection and evaluation of therapy for
      left ventricular myocardial dysfunction in the neonate.

PMID- 4056981
TI  - Fecal bilirubin excretion and serum bilirubin concentrations in breast-fed and
      bottle-fed infants.
AB  - To assess the rate of excretion of bilirubin in the stools and its effects on
      serum bilirubin concentrations, we studied 24 breast-fed and 13 bottle-fed
      infants during the first 3 days after birth. Bottle-fed infants passed
      significantly more stool (3-day totals, 82 vs 58 gm, P less than 0.001), excreted
      more bilirubin (3-day totals, 23.8 vs 15.7 mg, P less than 0.05), and had lower
      serum bilirubin values (day 3, 6.8 vs 9.5 mg/dl, P less than 0.02). Among the
      breast-fed infants, greater stool output was associated with greater fecal
      bilirubin excretion (r = 0.56, P less than 0.05) and lower serum bilirubin
      concentrations (r = 0.66, P less than 0.001). Our data suggest that
      hyperbilirubinemia in breast-fed infants may be related to a delay in bilirubin
      clearance resulting from low stool output.

PMID- 4056982
TI  - Phosphorus wasting during phosphorus supplementation of human milk feedings in
      preterm infants.

PMID- 4056983
TI  - Fluorescein phototoxicity in a premature infant.

PMID- 4056984
TI  - Dermal erythropoiesis in Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn.

PMID- 4056985
TI  - Evaluation of four length-weight formulas for estimating body surface area in
      newborn infants.

PMID- 4056986
TI  - Theophylline absorption in young asthmatic children receiving sustained-release
      formulations.
AB  - Theophylline absorption from sustained-release formulations intended for
      administration every 8 hours and every 12 hours was examined in children ages 2
      to 6 years during multiple dosing intervals. By generally applied measurements,
      including mean serum theophylline concentration, bioavailability over a single
      daytime dosing interval, and percent change in serum theophylline concentration
      over a single dosing interval, the preparations did not differ. However, over
      multiple dosing intervals, the 8-hour preparation varied in rate and extent of
      absorption, with subsequent large variations in serum theophylline
      concentrations. The 12-hour preparation, on the other hand, was completely
      bioavailable during each dosing interval, although the rate of absorption did
      differ from day to night, and was associated with generally acceptable changes in
      serum concentrations. Thus, analysis of dose-to-dose absorption was required to
      reveal the differences between the two study preparations. This indicates that
      traditional analysis of a single daytime dosing interval may be inadequate in the
      evaluation of preparations of sustained-release theophylline.

PMID- 4056987
TI  - Clinical and bronchodilating efficacy of controlled-release theophylline as a
      function of its serum concentrations in preschool children.
AB  - To evaluate the dose-effect relationship of a controlled-release theophylline in
      preschool children, 20 patients with asthma (mean age 4.8 years, range 2 1/2 to 7
      years) were given three different dose levels (13.4 +/- 1.4, 18.4 +/- 1.6, and
      23.5 +/- 2.0 mg/kg/day, mean +/- SD) at 12-hour intervals for 2 weeks. Subjective
      variables, peak expiratory flow rate, and co-medications were recorded daily;
      clinical condition, serum theophylline levels, and lung function measured with a
      multiple forced oscillation technique were assessed at the end of each period.
      The morning predose (through) and 4-hour postdose (peak) serum theophylline
      concentrations increased in an approximately linear fashion with increasing dose.
      In the majority of patients, dose levels of 20 to 25 mg/kg/day maintained serum
      concentrations within a clinically effective range, with an acceptable level of
      fluctuation. However, wide interindividual variations in serum theophylline
      concentrations were observed, indicating that for optimal treatment
      individualization of dosage is preferable. Efficacy was related to serum
      concentration and, less closely, to the dose administered. Symptom scores for
      night cough, wheeze, and activity showed small improvements between 5 and 10 mg X
      1(-1) and marked improvements above 10 mg X 1(-1), whereas lung function values
      improved in a linear fashion across the serum concentration range. The serum
      theophylline concentration-response curves varied in an approximately parallel
      manner between individuals.

PMID- 4056988
TI  - Nicotine and cotinine concentrations in serum and urine of infants exposed via
      passive smoking or milk from smoking mothers.
AB  - The exposure of infants to nicotine via milk of smoking mothers or via inhaled
      side-stream smoke ("passive smoking") was evaluated. Newborn infants nursed by
      smoking mothers and unexposed to passive smoking showed measurable serum
      concentrations of nicotine (0.2 to 1.6 ng/ml) and its main metabolite, cotinine
      (5 to 30 ng/ml), and also excreted measurable amounts of nicotine and cotinine in
      their urine: the ratio of nanograms of nicotine/milligrams of creatinine (N/C
      ratio) ranged from 5.0 to 110 (median 14), and the corresponding ratio of
      nanograms of cotinine/milligrams of creatinine (C/C ratio) from 10 to 555 (median
      110). Infants of the same age nursed by nonsmoking mothers did not excrete
      measurable amounts of the two substances except in one case. Older and non-breast
      fed infants exposed only to passive smoking had N/C ratios in the range of 4.7 to
      218 (median 35) and C/C ratios in the range of 117 to 780 (median 327 ng/mg).
      Infants exposed to passive smoking and to smoke via breast milk had N/C ratios in
      the range of 3.0 to 42 (median 12) and C/C ratios in the range of 225 to 870
      (median 550). The significant serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates of
      nicotine in the breast-fed infants of smoking mothers suggest that nursing
      contributes to the nicotine exposure of these neonates. In older infants, the
      wide variation of cotinine excretion values did not allow separate evaluation of
      the two exposure routes.

PMID- 4056989
TI  - Abnormalities of the conotruncus and DiGeorge syndrome.

PMID- 4056990
TI  - Protein requirement in VLBW infants.

PMID- 4056991
TI  - Composition of solutions for oral hydration.

PMID- 4056992
TI  - Progressive vascular lesions in Williams syndrome.

PMID- 4056993
TI  - Serum concentrations of carbamazepine.

PMID- 4056994
TI  - Erythropoietin and the anemia of prematurity.

PMID- 4056995
TI  - JRA and hyperphosphataemia.

PMID- 4056996
TI  - Optimal sites for throat cultures.

PMID- 4056997
TI  - Growth hormone replacement and hypothyroidism.

PMID- 4056998
TI  - Inhibition of specific antibody binding to adult male Schistosoma mansoni by
      adsorbed host serum components.
AB  - The ability of anti-schistosome antibody to bind to adult male Schistosoma
      mansoni was studied, using fluoresceinated Staphylococcus aureus to detect
      specific antigen-antibody interaction at the parasite's surface. Both freshly
      perfused parasites and parasites which had had their adsorbed host antigens
      removed by elution were employed in a series of experimental manipulations to
      ascertain under what conditions specific antibody binding occurs and what
      conditions or factors are necessary for the parasite to reconstitute its surface
      so that specific binding is precluded. Neither normal mouse serum nor normal
      mouse IgG bound in a specific manner to either fresh or eluted worms. Slight
      binding was noted with immune mouse serum on both fresh and eluted worms, while
      immune IgG produced weak binding on fresh worms, but strong binding to eluted
      worms. This strong binding was reduced to the level seen on fresh worms by pre
      incubation of the eluted worm in normal IgG prior to incubation in immune IgG and
      binding was completely negated by pre-incubation in either normal mouse serum or
      normal mouse serum minus IgG. The binding of immune IgG to eluted worms was not
      diminished by pre-incubation in mouse albumin, bovine albumin, or fetal bovine
      serum. These studies demonstrate that adsorbed host serum components can inhibit
      specific antigen-antibody interaction at the parasite's surface and suggest that
      a degree of specificity exists in what the parasite adsorbs from the host. These
      data further suggest that the protective serum factor or factors may include, but
      are not limited to, host IgG.

PMID- 4056999
TI  - Plasmodium fallax: phagocytosis of exoerythrocytic stages in tissue culture.
AB  - Wandering phagocytes in tissue cultures were attracted to the exoerythrocytic
      stages, both intracellular and extracellular, of Plasmodium fallax. They
      phagocytized free merozoites or schizonts that had been freed from host cells.
      They attempted to phagocytize large intracellular parasites.

PMID- 4057000
TI  - Paramoeba sp. (Amoebida, Paramoebidae) as the possible causative agent of sea
      urchin mass mortality in Nova Scotia.
AB  - An amoeba resembling Paramoeba has been cultured from tissues of diseased sea
      urchins. Cultures containing the amoeba produced signs of the disease when
      injected into the coelom of healthy urchins. Control treatments lacking the
      amoeba did not cause the disease. The amoeba was cultured from radial nerve
      fragments and seen in tissue sections from experimentally infected urchins.
      Cultures of the amoeba from these experimentally infected urchins reproduced the
      disease in healthy urchins by both injection and water-borne routes. These
      observations suggest involvement of Paramoeba in recent mass mortalities of sea
      urchins in Nova Scotia.

PMID- 4057001
TI  - Leishmania donovani: clinical, hematologic and hepatic changes in squirrel
      monkeys (Saimiri sciureus).
AB  - Clinical signs, parasite densities, and hematologic and hepatic changes were
      studied in 7 squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) each of which was inoculated
      intravenously with amastigotes (5.0 X 10(7) per kg body weight) of a Khartoum
      strain (WR 378) of Leishmania donovani. One control monkey was inoculated with
      uninfected hamster spleen homogenate. Five of the infected monkeys recovered
      spontaneously from visceral leishmaniasis by 8 to 15 wk postinoculation (wk PI)
      and 2 of the infected monkeys died at 39 and 59 days PI, respectively. All
      monkeys inoculated with L. donovani experienced a slight body weight loss, mild
      but significant anemia, lymphocytosis and an inconsistent neutropenia. Liver
      parasite densities could be quantitated from liver imprints from 2 to 8 wk PI and
      reached a maximum mean of 6.3 X 10(7) amastigotes/g liver at 4 wk PI in
      Experiment 1 and 13.4 X 10(7) amastigotes/g liver at 6 wk PI in Experiment 2.
      None of the liver imprints contained parasites at 15 wk PI. The characteristic
      histopathologic findings in liver biopsy and necropsy samples were multiple
      granulomas consisting of macrophages (some of which contained parasites),
      lymphocytes and plasma cells. The squirrel monkey is a moderately susceptible
      host for L. donovani. Squirrel monkey visceral leishmaniasis has a sustained
      course and certain clinical, hematologic and pathologic characteristics which are
      similar to human visceral leishmaniasis.

PMID- 4057002
TI  - Helminths of sympatric populations of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys ordii) and
      grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster) from the high plains of eastern New
      Mexico.
AB  - During a 1-yr period 124 Dipodomys ordii and 92 Onychomys leucogaster were
      trapped from the same locality and were examined for helminths. Only 1 cestode
      species (Catenotaenia linsdalei) was recovered from D. ordii, whereas O.
      leucogaster was infected with 2 nematoda (Litomosoides carinii, Mastophorus
      muris), 2 cestoda (Hymenolepis citelli, and 1 unknown), and 1 acanthocephalan
      (Moniliformis clarki) species. All represent new host and distribution records.

PMID- 4057003
TI  - The relationship of Baylisascaris procyonis to Illinois raccoons (Procyon lotor).
AB  - The gastrointestinal tracts of 310 steel-trapped or hunter shot Illinois raccoons
      (Procyon lotor) were collected in November and December 1979 and 1980 and
      examined for the presence of Baylisascaris procyonis (Nematoda) in order to
      determine the prevalence and intensity of this ascarid and to note any
      differences with respect to host age and sex. The raccoons were classified as
      either juveniles (animals less than 1 yr old) or adults. The prevalence for all
      the raccoons examined was 81.9% and is the highest reported in the United States
      when compared to other moderate to large samples. Juvenile raccoons had a
      significantly higher (P less than 0.0005) prevalence (93.5%) and mean intensity
      (62.4) than adults (55.3%; 11.8). Male raccoons had a significantly higher (P
      less than 0.025) prevalence (87.6%) than females (76.4%). Adult males had a
      significantly higher (P less than 0.05) prevalence (66.7%) than adult females
      (44.9%). In the other comparisons, no significant differences (P less than 0.05)
      in either prevalence or intensity were found. Since juveniles are more heavily
      infected than adults, they most likely pose a greater threat to other animals and
      humans as a potential cause of visceral larva migrans. It is advisable that all
      young raccoons kept as pets or in captivity be systematically and routinely
      treated with an appropriate anthelminthic to remove adult B. procyonis from the
      intestine.

PMID- 4057004
TI  - Eimeria species (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) infecting Peromyscus rodents in the
      southwestern United States and northern Mexico with description of a new species.
AB  - Of 198 deermice (Peromyscus spp) collected from various localities in the
      southwestern United States and northern Mexico, 106 (54%) had eimerian oocysts in
      their feces when examined. These included 50 of 106 (47%) Peromyscus truei, 34 of
      54 (63%) Peromyscus maniculatus, 4 of 17 (24%) Peromyscus leucopus, and 18 of 21
      (86%) Peromyscus eremicus. The following Eimeria were identified from infected
      mice: Eimeria arizonensis and Eimeria langebarteli from P. truei; E. arizonensis,
      Eimeria peromysci, and Eimeria delicata from P. maniculatus; E. arizonensis and
      Eimeria lachrymalis n. sp. from P. eremicus; and E. langebarteli from P.
      leucopus. Of the 106 Peromyscus found positive for Eimeria, 97 (91.5%) harbored
      only a single eimerian species at the time of examination. Sporulated oocysts of
      E. lachrymalis n. sp. were ellipsoid, 27-35 X 17-21 (30.8 +/- 1.7 X 19.1-0.9)
      micron, possessed a smooth wall and one polar granule, but lacked a micropyle and
      an oocyst residuum. Sporocysts were teardrop-shaped, 9-13 X 6-10 (10.9 +/- 0.9 X
      7.9 +/- 0.5) micron, and had a Stieda body and sporocyst residuum, but no
      substieda body. Prepatent periods in experimental infections were 3-6 days after
      inoculation (DAI) for E. arizonensis (hosts: P. eremicus, P. maniculatus, P.
      truei); 4-5 DAI for E. peromysci (host: P. maniculatus); 6-9 DAI for E.
      langebarteli (hosts: P. truei, P. leucopus); and 8-10 DAI for E. lachrymalis
      (host: P. eremicus). Patency in these infections lasted 6-11 days for E.
      arizonensis, 5-10 days for E. peromysci, 14-40+ days for E. langebarteli, and 19
      50+ days for E. lachrymalis. Eimeria lachrymalis appears to produce occult
      infections in P. eremicus that can be reactivated upon inoculation of the host
      with E. arizonensis.

PMID- 4057005
TI  - A comparison of Texan and Hawaiian strains of the avian eyefluke, philophthalmus
      gralli, with a cautionary note on the importation of exotic animals.
AB  - Philophthalmus gralli (Mathis and Leger, 1910) was introduced into the San
      Antonio, Texas area within the last 25-30 years from an unknown foreign source.
      Strains of P. gralli originally from Texas and Hawaii were compared for
      differences in morphology, growth patterns, mating compatibility, and isozyme
      mobilities. Metacercarial cysts of the 2 strains were compared for viability
      after storage at room temperature. Adult stages of the 2 strains were
      indistinguishable based on sucker ratios, vitellaria, and egg sizes. In single-
      and multiple-worm infections, both strains exhibited similar growth patterns when
      reared in chickens. Adults of the 2 strains, when transplanted in concurrent
      infections, readily cross-inseminated. Isozyme mobilities of 5 enzymes were
      identical in all adult worms examined from both strains. After 3 days,
      metacercarial cysts from both strains rapidly lost their ability to excyst. The
      cysts of the Texan strain remained viable for 4 days longer than the Hawaiian
      strain, although excystment rates were low during that period. The evolutionary
      implications of this imported species are discussed.

PMID- 4057006
TI  - The species of Cryptosporidium (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) infecting
      mammals.
AB  - Oocysts of Cryptosporidium muris (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) were obtained
      from the feces of naturally infected calves. Oocysts were fully sporulated in
      fresh feces, measured 7.4 X 5.6 (6.6 - 7.9 X 5.3 - 6.5) micron, and possessed a
      longitudinal suture along one pole of the oocyst wall. Morphologic and biologic
      evidence obtained from this study demonstrated that C. muris is a species
      distinct from Cryptosporidium parvum, which has smaller oocysts.

PMID- 4057007
TI  - Hyalomma (Hyalommina) arabica: nymphal and larval identity and spiny mouse hosts
      in Saudi Arabia (Acarina: Ixodoidea: Ixodidae).
AB  - Nymphal and larval Hyalomma (Hyalommina) arabica Pegram, Hoogstraal, and Wassef,
      1982, described herein, closely resemble those of Hyalomma (Hyalommina)
      rhipicephaloides Neumann, differing chiefly in body size (both stages), nymphal
      basis capituli and scutal proportional dimensions, and distinctness of larval
      coxal spurs. Females of these species are also structurally similar but males
      differ in major critical characters. Nymphs and larvae of both species parasitize
      the spiny mouse (Acomys spp.), but immatures of the third African- Arabian
      species of this subgenus, Hyalomma (Hyalommina) punt Hoogstraal, Kaiser, and
      Pedersen, are unknown. Hyalomma (Hyalommina) arabica occurs in valleys and hills
      of western Saudi Arabia and western Yemen; H. (H.) rhipicephaloides in the Red
      Sea and Dead Sea areas; and H. (H.) punt in northeastern Somalia and eastern
      Ethiopia. The ibex (Capra ibex nubiana Cuvier) is probably the original host of
      adult H. (H.) arabica and H. (H.) rhipicephaloides; the related domestic goat is
      an important host of adults of the 3 species, which also parasitize domestic
      sheep. Gazelles are recorded hosts of adults of H. (H.) rhipicephaloides and H.
      (H.) punt and the latter is also recorded from goats, sheep, camels and cattle.

PMID- 4057008
TI  - Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) spheniscus n. sp. [Acarina: Ixodoidea: Argasidae:
      Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) capensis group], a tick parasite of the Humboldt
      penguin in Peru.
AB  - Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) spheniscus n. sp., described from wild-caught and
      laboratory-reared females, males, nymphs, and larvae parasitizing the Humboldt
      Penguin, Spheniscus humboldti Meyen, is the fifth species of the Ornithodoros
      (Alectorobius) capensis group to be recognized in the Neotropical Region. A
      related Peruvian species, Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) amblus Chamberlin, also
      parasitizes S. humboldti but is recorded from a wider range of marine birds
      breeding on the Pacific coast and offshore islands, where the birds congregate to
      feed on the rich fish fauna usually produced by the Humboldt current.
      Differential criteria are provided for the new species, O. (A.) amblus, and
      Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) yunkeri Keirans, Clifford, and Hoogstraal of the
      Galapagos. These 3 members of the O. (A.) capensis group parasitize marine birds
      associated with the Humboldt current in western South America and the Galapagos.
      Persons visiting Humboldt Penguin breeding sites in caves and on barren coastal
      ledges are eagerly attacked by nymphal and adult O. (A.) spheniscus and suffer
      afterward from pruritus and slowly-healing blisters. The O. (A.) spheniscus life
      cycle required 128 to 193 days in the laboratory and, as typical of bird
      parasitizing members of the subgenus Alectorobius, the first nymphal instar did
      not feed.

PMID- 4057009
TI  - 31P NMR studies on adenylates and other phosphorus metabolites in the schistosome
      vector Biomphalaria glabrata.
AB  - 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was applied successfully to whole
      intact and de-shelled snails and to the isolated digestive gland-gonad tissue
      complex as well as other tissues of Biomphalaria glabrata. Several phosphorus
      metabolites, including ATP and ADP, were observed. The mean ATP/ADP ratio
      calculated for the tissue complex was 3.1 and the ATP concentration was 0.73
      nmoles/mg tissue fresh weight. Assignments for AMP, sugar phosphates, and
      inorganic phosphate peaks were tentatively made. A major phosphorus component was
      identified as a phosphonate and this metabolite was also present in egg masses
      and the albumin gland. Phosphoarginine was not observed in the tissue complex but
      was present in whole animals. Infection by Schistosoma mansoni resulted in marked
      alteration in the relative levels of phosphorus metabolites in the digestive
      gland-gonad complex during the course of infection. The decrease in phosphonate
      was particularly notable. The relative level of a metabolite occurring at -1.1
      ppm was also decreased but its identity remained unknown. The ATP/ADP ratio was
      not affected by infection, but an increase in the relative level of inorganic
      phosphate suggested a possible decrease in phosphorylation potential.

PMID- 4057010
TI  - The use of enzyme polymorphisms to identify genetic differences in the genus
      Trichinella.
AB  - Seven isolates of the genus Trichinella were evaluated for their genetic identity
      and variability using starch gel electrophoresis. The various strains exhibited
      polymorphism in 8 of 11 enzyme systems tested and the strains could be segregated
      into at least 3 basic patterns for geographical isolates of Trichinella: pigs,
      wild carnivores and Trichinella spiralis var. pseudospiralis. There was also
      evidence for further differences between isolates from wild carnivores. The
      isozyme technique appears to have potential for zoogeographic studies in the
      genus Trichinella.

PMID- 4057011
TI  - Comparison of immune effects in mice immunized with Trichinella spiralis adult
      and larval antigens.

PMID- 4057012
TI  - Coccidia from California kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spp.).

PMID- 4057014
TI  - The management of surgery in infants and children with the acquired immune
      deficiency syndrome.
AB  - Between January of 1981 and June of 1984, 53 infants and children with the
      diagnosis of AIDS were seen at our institution. Twenty-one of these patients have
      required 35 operations to determine or administer the proper therapy. We have
      taken every precaution to minimize the risks of exposure of all health care
      personnel.

PMID- 4057013
TI  - Gastric damage from ingested acid in children.
AB  - Acid ingestion occurs relatively rarely and produces a spectrum of injury that is
      markedly different from the more commonly encountered alkaline burns of the
      oropharynx and esophagus. Gastric damage results from pylorospasm with pooling of
      the ingested caustic in a dependent location. Symptoms may be delayed for days or
      weeks. Perforation and/or strictures may require extensive gastric surgery. Early
      fiberoptic endoscopy is essential.

PMID- 4057015
TI  - Condyloma acuminata in children.
AB  - Condyloma Acuminata (venereal warts) are sexually transmitted involving the human
      papilloma virus. It has become commoner in adults in the last decade. While
      infection is most often by sexual intercourse, it can be transmitted at birth and
      with close contact with infected individuals. It is common in marked sexual
      promiscuity. Condyloma acuminata in children should alert the physician to the
      possibility of sexual abuse or early sexual activity. We report 14 cases of
      condyloma acuminata in children; from 6 months to 17 years. Sex incidence was
      equal. All had social and family problems in common, except for one who developed
      perianal condyloma after repeated rectal dilatations because of a pull through
      procedure for Hirschsprung's Disease. Two cases of sexual abuse were documented.
      Treatment methods included podophyllin, liquid nitrogen, 5 fluorouracil cream,
      fulguration and laser therapy. An adequate social history was available only in
      six cases. Investigations should include VDRL and cultures for Gonococcus,
      careful medical and social history for neglect or abuse.

PMID- 4057016
TI  - Halothane anesthesia in infancy: identification and correlation of preoperative
      risk factors with intraoperative arterial hypotension and postoperative recovery.
AB  - Infants are well known to be sensitive to the myocardial depressant effects of
      halothane. In this study of more than 300 infants, 0 to 24 weeks of age, who
      received halothane anesthesia, preoperative risk factors were correlated with
      intraoperative outcome and postoperative recovery. Possible risk factors
      considered were age, history of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), preoperative
      fasting time, and anemia. Intraoperative morbidity was evaluated by occurrence of
      significant hypotension, slow heart rates, or serious bradycardias. Parameters of
      postoperative recovery included postanesthetic recovery room admission score,
      duration of recovery room stay, and time to first feeding. Arterial hypotension
      occurred with an unexpectedly high frequency of 49.2%. Infants younger than 8
      weeks of age (particularly newborns), infants 9-16 weeks of age (fasting eight or
      more hours), and RDS survivors 0-16 weeks of age were found to be most
      susceptible to hypotension. Only age and history of RDS, however, proved to be
      statistically significant risk factors in predicting the probability of
      intraoperative circulatory depression. Though circulatory depression during
      halothane inhalation was common, it was not associated with significant
      intraoperative or postoperative morbidity in terms of cardiorespiratory arrests,
      serious dysrhythmias, prolonged postanesthetic recovery, or delayed feeding
      times.

PMID- 4057017
TI  - Posterior mediastinal teratomas.
AB  - Eight benign posterior mediastinal teratomas have been found in the world's
      literature. Including our case, four teratomas were intimately involved with, and
      often required, partial resection of the major surrounding structures--aorta,
      chest wall, and esophagus. Preoperative evaluation of posterior mediastinal
      teratomas should include consideration of a barium swallow and/or aortography to
      rule out significant local involvement.

PMID- 4057018
TI  - Morbid musculoskeletal sequelae of thoracotomy for tracheoesophageal fistula.
AB  - The standard surgical approach for tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is right dorso
      lateral thoracotomy. The late musculoskeletal consequences of the operation have
      been evaluated only rarely. Two hundred and seventy-seven patients with TEF were
      operated upon during the past 16 years, 117 of whom were available for long term
      (3 to 16 year) study. Twenty-nine of the patients had significant musculoskeletal
      deformities: (1) Twenty-one patients (23.8%) had prominent elevation of the right
      shoulder or "winged" scapula secondary to partial paralysis of the latissimus
      dorsi muscle; (2) Eighteen (20%) had marked asymmetry of the thoracic wall from
      atrophy of the serratus anterior muscle; (3) Nine (10%) had fusion of the ribs,
      in one of whom major respiratory dysfunction was a consequence; (4) Seven (7.8%)
      had severe thoracic scoliosis. The deformity was not of sufficient severity to
      warrant surgical correction but all patients required physiotherapy; (5) In two
      children (2.2%), fixation of the skin cicatrix to the bony thorax limited the
      mobility of the ipsilateral shoulder; (6) And finally, in three girls (3.3%), the
      thoracotomy scar disfigured the right breast leading to mammary maldevelopment in
      one adolescent. The latter child required plastic release of the entrapped
      breast. The dorso-lateral thoracic incision for tracheoesophageal atresia may
      lead to significant musculoskeletal complications and, since other alternatives
      are available, should be reevaluated as the recommended surgical approach.

PMID- 4057019
TI  - Value of tests for evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux in children.
AB  - The accuracy of five tests for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux in
      children was performed in 93 symptomatic children with gastroesophageal reflux
      and 16 nonreflux patients. These tests include the barium esophagram, the Tuttle
      test, extended esophageal pH monitoring, esophagoscopy, and esophageal biopsy.
      Esophagoscopy was less sensitive in detecting reflux in patients than any other
      test (P = less than 0.001), and biopsy was more likely to identify reflux
      patients than the barium swallow (P = less than 0.02), but there was no test
      superior to others. The severity of esophagitis noted at endoscopy or the
      presence of eosinophils or neutrophils in the mucosa was not associated with a
      decreased possibility that one other test would be normal or that surgical repair
      of the reflux would be performed. Patients with extended esophageal pH test
      scores markedly elevated were less likely to have another negative test (P = less
      than 0.01) and more likely to have surgical repair of gastroesophageal reflux (P
      = less than 0.001). Obtaining two tests of esophageal function that agree
      increases the certainty of diagnosis, and use of several tests are indicated if
      the results of a single test do not support the clinical impression.

PMID- 4057020
TI  - Diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal perforations in childhood
      dermatomyositis with particular reference to perforations of the duodenum.
AB  - Four children with dermatomyositis were recently seen with gastrointestinal
      perforations. The sites of perforation in the four cases were: (1) the duodenum,
      esophagus, and colon; (2) the duodenum; (3) the distal stomach; and (4) the
      traverse colon. The gastric and transverse colon perforations were
      intraperitoneal and easily diagnosed. The gastric perforation was treated
      successfully by partial gastrectomy. The patient with the colon perforation
      underwent exteriorization; death occurred from cerebral complications possibly
      related to vasculitis. Both duodenal perforations were posterior in the distal
      descending portion. Enzymatic dissection into the right lower quadrant produced
      confusing clinical and radiographic signs and extensive retroperitoneal necrosis.
      Successful treatment was obtained by partial gastrectomy, sump drainage of the
      perforation, and parenteral nutrition. Gastrointestinal perforation is a well
      recognized complication of vasculitis in childhood dermatomyositis. In
      particular, perforations of the distal duodenum, as reported by others, are
      associated with delay in diagnosis and high mortality.

PMID- 4057021
TI  - Ileocaecal atresia.
AB  - Meconium ileus is one of the commonest causes of distal small bowel obstruction
      in neonates. Within the last six years at our hospital two newborns presented
      with identical signs and symptoms of meconium ileus. Abdominal x-rays showed
      distal small bowel obstruction with ground glass opacity in the right lower
      quadrant. Gastrografin enema in both cases demonstrated a microcolon, but there
      was no reflux of this contrast material into the terminal ileum. Laparotomy in
      both babies revealed atresia of the ileocaecal valve with dilatation of the
      terminal ileum loops which contained normal meconium. Ileocolic resection was
      carried out in both neonates. Sweat chlorides and eventual recovery were normal.
      Pathology in one of the specimens showed muscularis passing across the atretic
      area with a telescoped pattern of the muscularis propria suggesting
      intussusception in utero. Although the presentation of a newborn may be that of
      meconium ileus, the fact that the Gastrografin enema is unable to enter the
      terminal ileum in a retrograde fashion should be an indication for immediate
      laparotomy rather than persisting in this mode of treatment. It is obvious that
      occasionally the radiological diagnosis of meconium ileus is incorrect.

PMID- 4057022
TI  - Hereditary pancreatitis and recurrent abdominal pain of childhood.

PMID- 4057023
TI  - Chylous ascites: an etiology of peritonitis in infancy.
AB  - Fifty-six cases of chylous ascites in patients under the age of fifteen have been
      reported in the last three hundred years. A case of chylous ascites that
      presented with the signs and symptoms of peritonitis is reviewed. The normal
      anatomy and physiology of the intraabdominal lymphatic system, pathophysiology of
      the entity, as well as a mechanism for diagnosis, are addressed and a treatment
      algorithm is presented.

PMID- 4057024
TI  - Aminoglycoside peritoneal lavage: lack of efficacy in experimental fecal
      peritonitis.
AB  - The utility of an adjunctive aminoglycoside lavage in the prevention of intra
      abdominal abscesses utilizing an experimental rodent model was studied.
      Peritonitis was created in 115 rats by the intra-abdominal placement of gelatin
      capsules containing a barium-sulfate, human stool mixture. Four hours later, the
      animals were re-explored and lavaged with 30 ml/kg of sterile saline. Following
      the lavage, they were randomized to receive 15 ml/kg of either a 0.2% gentamicin
      or a normal saline lavage. The animals were then treated with intramuscular
      gentamicin-clindamycin or saline placebo for nine days. There was no difference
      in the number of abscesses between the groups receiving systemic antibiotics. The
      addition of gentamicin to a peritoneal lavage did not decrease the incidence of
      intra-abdominal infection in animals receiving effective systemic antibiotics.

PMID- 4057025
TI  - Simple renal cysts in children.
AB  - Although renal cysts occur in children less frequently than adults, they are not
      as rare as once believed. Eight children with simple renal cysts are reviewed.
      The diagnostic and radiographic studies in each patient showed characteristic
      findings. A nonoperative diagnosis of simple renal cyst in a child usually can be
      made with confidence and surgical confirmation is not necessary.

PMID- 4057026
TI  - The association of ovarian malignancy in children with maternal carcinogenesis.
AB  - The occurrence of malignancy in three mothers out of six girls presenting with
      malignant ovarian tumors is reported. The significance of this finding is
      discussed.

PMID- 4057027
TI  - Transient quadriceps paresis following local inguinal block for postoperative
      pain control.
AB  - Two patients were observed who had transient quadriceps paresis following local
      inguinal block for postoperative pain control following inguinal herniorrhaphy.

PMID- 4057028
TI  - Congenital hemangiopericytoma of duodenum.
AB  - Hemangiopericytoma has never previously been reported as a cause of hematemesis
      in the newborn. We now report one such case.

PMID- 4057029
TI  - Use of lateral flap anoplasty.

PMID- 4057030
TI  - Vascular rings and slings: long term follow-up of pulmonary function.

PMID- 4057031
TI  - Elective induction of labor: a prospective clinical study, I: Obstetric and
      neonatal effects.
AB  - Elective induction of labor is still a controversial obstetric procedure. The
      safety of the procedure and the possibility to program labor during daytime is an
      often heard argument in favor of it. Also the possibility to prevent term
      intrauterine fetal death of unknown cause and the possibility to apply fetal
      monitoring from the beginning of labor are put forward as arguments in favor of
      elective induction of labor. Feelings of unnaturalness and the dangers of
      prematurely induced delivery are the most often heard arguments against it. We
      performed a prospective study to determine the differences between elective
      induction of labor and spontaneous labor. During 17 consecutive months a group of
      184 elective inductions was studied in the Department of Obstetrics, University
      Hospital - Dijkzigt, Rotterdam. Only healthy women with an uncomplicated
      pregnancy were included in the study group and all women were allowed a free
      choice of elective induction or spontaneous labor. The reference group was
      composed by a system of "matched controls". For induction of labor a standard
      technique including artificial rupture of the membranes and constant intrauterine
      fetal monitoring was used. Oxytocin was administered intravenously in an
      incremental dose. After delivery the acid-base status of the newborns was
      determined, and part of the newborns were subjected to a neurological screening
      according to Prechtl. The developments of the infants was followed during one
      year using a "psychomotor development scheme 0-15 months".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4057032
TI  - Elective induction of labor: a prospective clinical study, II: Psychological
      effects.
AB  - Several authors have stated that induction of labor may have deleterious
      psychological effects on women's experiences of labor and early mother-infant
      interaction. Research on this subject is scarce and in most cases no distinction
      is made between elective induction and induction for medical reasons. For that
      reason the observed effects may also have been caused by the medical
      complications that led to the induction. Differences in experience of labor may
      also be in part explained by differences in personal characteristics between
      women choosing or rejecting induction of labor. Influences of induction of labor
      can only be reliably assessed in prospective studies. In the present study of 271
      women with an uncomplicated pregnancy, data regarding their experiences of
      pregnancy and their expectations of labor and motherhood were collected before
      labor. In 72 women labor was electively induced, and 199 women had a spontaneous
      onset of labor. Of 33 women, 19 with spontaneous labor and 14 with elective
      induction, the first contact with their newborn was observed. All women who could
      be contacted were interviewed about their experience of labor and the first
      contact with their infant. Six months after delivery the mothers were questioned
      about the state of health of mother and infant and about nursing the infant.
      Mothers with induced labor were rated as being generally less emotionally
      involved in the first contact with their newborn than mothers with spontaneous
      labor, but the differences were not significant (Fig. 1). The duration of
      spontaneous labor was longer, but the subjective time experience did not differ
      between groups. Women with spontaneous labor were more tired during
      labor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4057033
TI  - Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in pre-term infants.
AB  - A representative sample (N = 120, 96%) of all pre-term (gestational age less than
      or equal to 36 weeks) infants born alive to mothers resident in the province of
      Kuopio, Finland, during a two year period, were studied at birth to evaluate the
      signs of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Norms for somatic growth were
      based on measurements of birth weight, length and Ponderal Index (100 X birth
      weight (g) X birth length (cm)-3) of 51 pre-term singletons, born to healthy
      mothers after uncomplicated pregnancies, in relation to whom there were no
      discrepancies between menstrual dates and pediatric assessment of gestational
      age. The lower limits for normal ranges were defined as values two standard
      deviations below the expected means for the gestational age. Pre-term IUGR was
      diagnosed if birth weight and/or birth length and/or PI were more than 2 SD below
      the expected mean for gestational age. Different types of IUGR were found in 49
      pre-term infants (41% of the pre-term population). A low PI was the most common
      descriptor of IUGR, being present in 42 out of 49 infants. A third of infants had
      more than one indicator of IUGR. In this population, pre-term IUGR was strongly
      associated with perinatal maternal pathology (especially hypertension, toxemia
      and prolonged leakage of amniotic fluid). The neonatal morbidity and mortality
      among pre-term IUGR infants was markedly higher than that among appropriately
      grown pre-term infants with corresponding gestational age. There were
      significantly more cases with fatal intraventricular hemorrhage in pre-term IUGR
      than in pre-term normally-grown infants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4057034
TI  - Cimetidine as pre-anesthetic agent for cesarean section: perinatal effects on the
      infant, the placental transfer of cimetidine and its elimination in the infants.
AB  - In a prospective randomized study of 39 consecutive cesarean sections, 20
      patients received cimetidine 400 mg intramuscularly as a pre-anesthetic, an 19
      control patients were given NaCl. No perinatal effects on the infants were
      observed by cardiotocography before delivery, and K, Na, pH, PCO2, HCO-3 and
      glucose values in capillary blood were nearly identical in the two groups 2 hours
      after birth, the difference being non-significant (p greater than 0.05). No
      respiratory effects or arrhythmias were observed. In another study comprising 8
      elective cesarean sections in patients with uncomplicated pregnancies, cimetidine
      was found to cross the placenta at a maternal/cord blood ratio of 3:1. The drug
      could not be detected in any of the infants 2 hours after delivery.

PMID- 4057035
TI  - Intrauterine fetal activity in at term and prolonged pregnancies.
AB  - Fetal body movements and breathing movements were recorded with a real time
      ultrasound scanner in 26 fetuses. There were two recording periods of 25 min
      each, before and half and hour after maternal IV administration of 50 gr glucose.
      Six fetuses were at 280 days of gestation (Group A), twelve fetuses were at 294
      days of gestation (group B), eight fetuses at 294 days gestation were classified
      as stage I postmature (group C). The incidence of fetal body movements was not
      significantly different in the three groups. Maternal glucose administration had
      no significant influence on fetal body movements in any group. On the other hand
      fetal breathing activity was significantly increased in all three groups after
      maternal glucose administration. Breathing activity was significantly greater in
      group A when compared to group C in both recording periods, and when compared to
      group B in the period which followed maternal glucose administration. It is
      concluded that fetal breathing activity is reduced in prolonged pregnancies.

PMID- 4057036
TI  - Mouse granuloma pouch induced by Freund's complete adjuvant with croton oil.
AB  - A mouse inflammation model of chronic proliferative type was newly produced in
      this study. Among a great many methods examined in mice, only an air-pouch method
      with Freund's complete adjuvant with 0.1% croton oil obviously induced the
      granuloma pouch with well-developed vascularization, which a little differed from
      that seen in rats. Both granuloma formation and fluid exudation in this adjuvant
      pouch increased until one or two weeks after treatment, respectively, followed by
      reducing gradually to become nearly normal at 12 weeks after. The
      pathohistological study exhibited liquefaction necrosis in the earlier stage,
      followed by coagulation necrosis accompanied with inflammatory cells
      infiltration. The nascently sprouted capillaries were well-developed and then the
      fibrous tissue formation proceeded along with the vascularization. The granuloma
      finally changed to scars and callous tissues. Intrapouch injection of
      hydrocortisone and indomethacin decreased the pouch fluid and the pouch wall
      weight. In conclusion, the adjuvant pouch in mice may be a feasible experimental
      model for the pharmacological study on the vascularization in the acute and
      chronic inflammatory processes.

PMID- 4057037
TI  - Effects of oximes, diacetylmonoxime, pyridine-2-aldoxime, and pyridine-2-aldoxime
      methochloride, on the electrical and mechanical activities of guinea pig cardiac
      ventricular muscles.
AB  - Effects of 3 oximes, diacetylmonoxime (DAM), pyridine-2-aldoxime (PAM) and
      pyridine-2-aldoxime methochloride (2-PAM), on the normal electrical and
      mechanical activities and on the slow response action potentials were examined in
      the guinea pig ventricular muscles. DAM and long-term exposure to high
      concentrations of PAM produced decreases in contractile force, action potential
      duration and slow response action potentials, whereas 2-PAM and low
      concentrations of PAM tended to increase these parameters. Thus, these 3 oximes
      did not act uniformly on cardiac muscle. It was speculated that DAM and high
      concentrations of PAM may act as slow channel inhibitors, whereas 2-PAM and low
      concentrations of PAM may act as slow channel activators.

PMID- 4057038
TI  - Effects of buthiobate, a fungicide, on cytochrome P-450 of rat liver microsomes.
AB  - Effects of buthiobate (S-butyl S'-p-tert-butylbenzyl N-3
      pyridyldithiocarbonimidate), a fungicide which inhibits lanosterol 14 alpha
      demethylation catalyzed by a cytochrome P-450 (P-450 14DM) of yeast, on
      cytochrome P-450 of rat liver microsomes were studied. Buthiobate bound to
      limited forms of cytochrome P-450 in the microsomes with three different Kd
      values, 0.38, 1.56 and 13.6 microM. Buthiobate inhibited lanosterol 14 alpha
      demethylase activity of the microsomes with a 50%-inhibition concentration of 0.4
      microM. This concentration was comparable to the lowest Kd of buthiobate for the
      microsomal cytochrome P-450 and also to the 50%-inhibition concentration of the
      inhibitor for lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylation by yeast P-450 14DM. Buthiobate
      partially inhibited 7-ethoxycoumalin O-deethylase activity of the microsomes but
      inhibited neither benzphetamine N-demethylation nor p-nitroanisole O
      demethylation. These observations suggest that cytochrome P-450s catalyzing drug
      oxidations are rather insensitive to buthiobate. These observations indicate that
      buthiobate is an unique inhibitor for hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 system,
      which inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis effectively but causes a little effect on
      drug oxidations.

PMID- 4057039
TI  - Displacing effects of chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid and
      sulfadimethoxine on plasma protein binding of tolbutamide.
AB  - The interactions between chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) or ursodeoxycholic acid
      (UDCA) and tolbutamide including its displacement from plasma protein binding
      sites were investigated pharmacokinetically. An increasing concentration of
      unbound tolbutamide was observed in the in vitro experiment, conducted by
      equilibrium dialysis method at 30 degrees C after the addition of CDCA and UDCA
      to human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and rabbit plasma
      containing tolbutamide. Small changes in total plasma concentration of
      tolbutamide were noted after high dose (0.167 mg/kg/min) intravenous infusion of
      CDCA to rabbits receiving a constant intravenous infusion of tolbutamide, but,
      such an observation was not obtained with low dose (0.083 mg/kg/min) of CDCA or
      with either high or low dose of UDCA. These results seem to indicate the
      displacement of high doses of CDCA. The coadministration of sulfadimethoxine
      which not only displaces tolbutamide from binding sites but also inhibits its
      metabolism was investigated. A different plasma pattern was obtained under the
      same intravenous infusion conditions, as compared with the plasma pattern
      resulting from tolbutamide-CDCA or UDCA combination.

PMID- 4057040
TI  - Metabolism of idebenone (CV-2619), a new cerebral metabolism improving agent:
      isolation and identification of metabolites in the rat and dog.
AB  - Metabolic studies of idebenone (CV-2619), a new cerebral metabolism improving
      agent, in the rat and dog by thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography
      mass spectrometry and fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry led to
      characterization of the following metabolites: the parent compound, 6-(9
      carboxynonyl)-2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (QS-10), 6-(7
      carboxyheptyl)-2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (QS-8), 6-(5
      carboxypentyl)-2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (QS-6), 6-(3
      carboxypropyl)-2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (QS-4), 1- or 4-phenyl
      sulfate of the hydroquinone derivatives of CV-2619 and QS-4, and 1- and 4-phenyl
      glucuronides of the hydroquinone derivative of QS-10. These results indicated
      that CV-2619 was metabolized by oxidation of the side chain followed by beta
      oxidation to form successively QS-10, QS-8, QS-6 and QS-4, and reduction of the
      quinone ring and subsequent conjugation yielding the sulfates and glucuronides of
      the hydroquinone derivatives of CV-2619, QS-10, QS-8, QS-6 and QS-4.

PMID- 4057042
TI  - Dose-dependent disposition of fractionated 3H-heparin in rats.
AB  - To investigate the disposition of fractionated 3H-heparin, commercial 3H-heparin
      was fractionated by affinity chromatography on protamine-Sepharose and
      subsequently by Sephadex G-100 chromatography. Effect of dose on the disposition
      of fractionated 3H-heparin was studied. At an early stage following the
      intravenous administration of fractionated 3H-heparin which had either affinity
      or non-affinity for protamine-Sepharose, elimination of the radioactivity from
      plasma was delayed with increasing dose. Even at 5 h after the administration
      when most radioactivity in plasma disappeared, the cumulative urinary recovery
      was only 4.8 to 8.4% of dose (1 to 15 microCi/kg), and 61 to 43% of dose was
      found in liver. Therefore, it was suggested that tissue (liver) distribution of
      radioactivity might be a predominant factor for the dose-dependent disappearance
      of the radioactivity from plasma at an early stage following the administration
      of fractionated 3H-heparin. Plasma radioactivity levels tended to be pseudo
      steady state or to increase slightly after about 1 to 2 h following the
      administration of fractionated 3H-heparin. Participation of entero-hepatic
      circulation in this tendency was rejected.

PMID- 4057041
TI  - Disposition of idebenone (CV-2619), a new cerebral metabolism improving agent, in
      rats and dogs.
AB  - After oral administration of 14C-labeled idebenone (14C-CV-2619) to rats, the
      plasma 14C level reached a plateau at 15 min, which persisted till 8 h and then
      decreased with a half-life of 4.5 h. In dogs, after oral dosing, the plasma 14C
      peaked at 15 min, followed by biophysical decline with half-lives of 2.2 and 15.4
      h. The plasma of both animals contained mostly metabolites, with a small amount
      of unchanged CV-2619, which was greater than 90% protein-bound. In rats given 14C
      CV-2619 orally or intravenously, 14C was distributed widely in tissues, with
      relatively high concns. in the gut, liver and kidney. CV-2619 readily entered the
      rat brain to undergo subcellular distribution with a significant amount localized
      in mitochondria. The concn. of 14C in rat fetus was low, as was that in the milk.
      Oral 14C-CV-2619 was eliminated by rats and dogs mostly as metabolites within 48
      h. In rats, more was excreted in urine than in feces, whereas in dogs excretion
      by these two routes was almost equal. Enterohepatic cycling of biliary 14C
      occurred in rats. Repeated oral ingestions of 14C-CV-2619 to rats resulted in no
      accumulation of 14C. The metabolites found in rats and dogs were QS-10, QS-8, QS
      6 and QS-4 formed by oxidative shortening of the side chain of CV-2619, and
      desmethylated CV-2619 and QS-4. Glucuronides and sulfates of the dihydro (quinol)
      derivatives of the above metabolites were also detected. Dihydro QS-4 sulfate was
      the major metabolite in plasma and urine of both animals, while dihydro QS-10
      glucuronide was predominant in rat bile.

PMID- 4057043
TI  - Factors governing the effective remediation of negative affect and its cognitive
      and behavioral consequences.
AB  - The present experiment tested the hypothesis that the remediation of negative
      emotion will be most effective when the remedial procedure matches the experience
      or cognition that induced the negative state--process-specificity hypothesis.
      Other hypotheses examined were that negative states induced by cognitive
      reflection related to the self would be resistant to remediation, even by a same
      process positive procedure, and that changes in emotional expressions may make it
      appear that a negative state has been effectively remediated when lingering
      effects on behavior and cognition indicate that it has not. Negative emotional
      states were induced in second-grade children by one of four processes, all of
      which involved social rejection content: cognition that focused on (a) the self
      (thinking about oneself being rejected by a peer) or (b) another person (thinking
      about a peer being rejected); or experience that related to (c) oneself (actually
      being socially rejected) or (d) observing another (vicarious: seeing a peer be
      socially rejected). These inductions were then followed by a positive, remedial
      induction whose content was the reverse (social acceptance) and whose process did
      or did not match that of the negative induction. As predicted, except for
      negative self-cognitions, it was found that the behavioral (altruism) and
      cognitive (performance on a block design task) consequences of negative emotion
      were alleviated when the positive remediation was of the same type as the
      original induction. Emotional expressions were consistently positive following
      remediation, regardless of their type. The results are discussed in terms of
      differing processes for maintaining negative emotion as a function of the
      character of induction, and the implications for the understanding of clinical
      depression in children are noted.

PMID- 4057044
TI  - Consistency of assertive, aggressive, and submissive behavior for children.
AB  - The interpersonal behavior of 50 third- through fifth-grade children was assessed
      over an 8-month period in a wide variety of naturally occurring school
      activities. The consistency of the children's behavior was found to vary as a
      function of the child's sex, the class of behavior examined, and the
      similarity/dissimilarity of the contexts in which the behaviors occurred. Boys
      demonstrated remarkable consistency in their aggressive expression; 46 of 105
      intercorrelations for the aggressiveness dimensions were statistically
      significant. In general, the consistency of assertive behavior for both boys and
      girls was unexpectedly high.

PMID- 4057045
TI  - Depression and preference for self-focusing stimuli after success and failure.
AB  - Depressed individuals, who tend to have large perceived-self/ideal-self
      discrepancies, have been shown to be particularly high in private self
      consciousness. On the bases of this finding and of several converging theoretical
      perspectives, we hypothesized that depressives, unlike nondepressives, do not
      find self-focus more aversive after failure than after success, and thus either
      (a) show no differential preference for self-focusing stimuli after success
      versus after failure (weak hypothesis), or (b) prefer self-focusing stimuli after
      failure over self-focusing stimuli after success (strong hypothesis). Depressed
      and nondepressed college students succeeded or failed on a supposed test of
      verbal intelligence, and then worked on two sets of puzzles, one in the presence
      and one in the absence of a self-focusing stimulus (mirror). Whereas nondepressed
      subjects liked the mirror-associated puzzle more after success than after
      failure, depressed subjects did not; depressed subjects tended to like the mirror
      associated puzzle more after failure than after success. Nondepressed subjects
      also exhibited a self-serving pattern of attributions, viewing the test as less
      valid and luck as more responsible for their performance after failure than after
      success; depressed subjects showed no such differences. In consistency with their
      failure to use defensive strategies, depressed subjects showed a decrease in self
      esteem after failure; nondepressed subjects showed no such change.

PMID- 4057046
TI  - Pessimistic self-preoccupation, performance deficits, and depression.
AB  - Three studies are presented testing a model of the cognitive performance deficits
      shown in depression. The model proposes that such deficits occur as an
      interaction of expectancy and focus of attention variables, that is, in the
      presence of both low expectancy of success and high self-focus. Study 1 was a
      pilot study which documented that depressed undergraduates evidence poorer
      anagram performance, greater self-focus, and lower pretask expectancies than do
      nondepressed subjects. Study 2 showed that nondepressed undergraduates evidence
      performance deficits only when both expectancy is lowered and self-focus is
      increased. Study 3 suggested that depressed undergraduates' performance deficits
      are overcome either by lowering self-focus or by raising expectancy. Discussed
      are discrepancies between self-report and performance data, the relevance of
      these studies to the test anxiety literature, the need to integrate literature
      concerning the effects of depression, anxiety, and self-esteem on performance,
      and how the interactive roles of positive expectancy and focus of attention may
      be related to effective coping in a variety of situations.

PMID- 4057047
TI  - Induction of depressive affect after prolonged exposure to a mildly depressed
      individual.
AB  - Scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were periodically obtained from the
      roommates of college students who exhibited a persistent mild depression over a 3
      month period. For comparative purposes, BDI scores were also obtained from
      roommates of individuals who were transiently depressed and from subjects with
      nondepressed roommates. In comparison with control subjects, the roommates of
      persistently depressed persons displayed a progressive increase in BDI score over
      the course of the study.

PMID- 4057048
TI  - Social contract and social integration in adolescent development.
AB  - Eighty-nine subjects from two high schools were tested during the spring of their
      sophomore and senior years, when their mean ages were 16 years, 1 month, and 18
      years, 1 month, respectively. Composites measured social contract with: (a)
      independence, (b) implicit social contract, societal norms and expectations, and
      (c) explicit social contracts, rules. Composites and single items measured social
      integration with: (d) role commitment, (e) social-American Dream, accepting the
      belief in the American Dream that hard work would lead to social success, (f)
      self-American Dream, belief that hard work will produce personal satisfaction and
      success, (g) raw deal, perceptions of being treated unfairly, (h) self-blame, and
      (i) feelings of hopelessness. The results of the cross-lagged panel correlations
      generally support the hypothesis that students respond to implicit social
      contracts through role commitment, which is further expressed by a belief in the
      American Dream for social fulfillment, while responding to the perception of
      explicit social contracts by not believing in the benefits of the American Dream
      for personal fulfillment. These results were interpreted as supporting
      Dienstbier's theory of moral development.

PMID- 4057049
TI  - How automatic are social judgments?
AB  - Do people infer personality dispositions automatically when they encode behavior?
      Tulving's encoding-specificity paradigm was adapted to test three operational
      indicants of automatism: absence of intention, of interference from other mental
      activity, and of awareness. Recruited for a digit-recall study, subjects read
      sentences describing actions during the retention interval of either an easy or a
      difficult digit recall task. Later, sentence recall was cued by (a) disposition
      cues, (b) strong semantic associates to the sentence actor, or (c) words
      representing the gist of the sentence, or (d) sentence recall was not cued.
      Awareness was measured immediately after the last sentence was read. Disposition
      cued recall was higher than (b) or (d) and was unaffected by digit recall
      difficulty. Awareness of making dispositional inferences was only weakly
      correlated with disposition-cued recall. Results suggest that disposition
      inferences occurred at encoding, without intention, without interference by
      differential drain on processing capacity, and with little awareness. Thus,
      making dispositional inferences seems to be largely, but not entirely, automatic.

PMID- 4057050
TI  - Memory deficits and memory surfeits: differential cognitive consequences of
      tokenism for tokens and observers.
AB  - Historically, women and minority group members have been underrepresented in the
      professions and in better paying, high-status jobs. Even when they have been
      admitted to such positions, these underrepresented persons often have been the
      only member of their social category: a token. Previous field and laboratory
      research has shown that "tokens" attract disproportionate attention and are
      either evaluated unfairly or evaluated on the basis of their normal reactions to
      differential treatment by majority group members. We tested the possibilities of
      whether tokens might suffer more cognitive deficits than would nontokens, and
      whether they do so even when they are treated no differently. College students
      were led to believe that they were sharing their views on everyday topics with
      three other students (actually videotaped confederates), who were either all of
      the student's own sex or all of the opposite sex. In a later memory test, token
      participants remembered fewer of the opinions that they and the three other
      students had expressed than did nontokens. Observers, in contrast, remembered
      more of what token subjects said than what the three other students said.
      Theoretical and public policy implications are discussed.

PMID- 4057051
TI  - Effects of dominance on group decision making: toward a stress-reduction
      explanation of groupthink.
AB  - Janis (1972) proposed that groupthink is essentially a stress-reduction process.
      Cohesive groups reduce the stress of decision making by suppressing critical
      inquiry. Theoretically, groupthink could be prevented in cohesive groups if the
      stress could be diffused by other factors. We investigated the effects of task
      structure (decision-making procedures) and an individual factor (dominance) on
      the quality of group decision making, anxiety, and symptoms of groupthink.
      Students (n = 112) participated in twenty-eight 4-person, mixed-sex groups.
      Groups composed of highly dominant members made higher quality decisions,
      exhibited lower state anxiety, and took more time to reach a decision. They also
      tended to make more statements of disagreement and agreement, and to report more
      group influence on the members. Decision-making procedures had little effect on
      the decision process.

PMID- 4057052
TI  - Test anxiety and visual vigilance.
AB  - Twenty male and 20 female subjects, previously classified as high or low in test
      anxiety, participated in an experiment on visual vigilance under conditions
      designed either to enhance or minimize feelings of being tested. Detection rate
      declined across the 36 min of the task among subjects high in test anxiety who
      believed that they were being tested and in subjects low in test anxiety who did
      not. False detection rates revealed no significant differences among conditions.
      Analysis of sensitivity to signals according to statistical decision theory
      revealed low sensitivity in both the high-anxiety test and low-anxiety/no-test
      conditions than in the other two. Analysis of decisional criteria showed that
      subjects in the high-anxiety test condition were more conservative in setting a
      criterion than subjects in the other three conditions. No sex differences were
      found. The results are discussed in terms of an elaboration of Sarason's (1978)
      model of test anxiety.

PMID- 4057053
TI  - Self-enhancement, self-assessment, and self-evaluative task choice.
AB  - Past research on self-evaluation indicates that there are two contrasting
      viewpoints concerning the acquisition of self-knowledge. According to the self
      assessment view, accurate information is sought, regardless of its implications
      for self-esteem. According to the self-enhancement view, accurate information is
      desirable, but only if it also has positive implications for the self. We
      examined the conditions under which each view provides an adequate description of
      self-evaluative task choice. We predicted that both individuals with high self
      esteem and individuals with low self-esteem but no tendency to use self
      protective strategies would choose maximally informative tasks. By contrast,
      individuals with low self-esteem and a tendency to use self-protective strategies
      were expected to choose tasks that were maximally self-enhancing. Subjects chose
      among four forms of a cognitive abilities test that varied in diagnosticity of
      success and diagnosticity of failure. As expected, subjects with ego-protective
      tendencies and low self-esteem preferred the test form that was high in
      diagnosticity of success but low in diagnosticity of failure, whereas subjects
      with low self-protective tendencies (both high and low self-esteem) preferred the
      test form high in diagnosticity of both success and failure. Subjects with both
      high self-esteem and high self-protective tendencies did not exhibit a clear
      preference between test forms allowing maximal self-assessment and those allowing
      self-enhancement. The results suggest the importance of considering both
      diagnosticity and self-esteem protection in the study of self-evaluation.

PMID- 4057054
TI  - The human pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and its metabolites and the role of
      renal tubular secretion on their elimination.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime were investigated in human volunteers given
      constant intravenous infusions, intravenous bolus, and intramuscular doses of the
      drug. After intravenous dosing, the plasma levels of cefotaxime declined in a
      biphasic manner with a terminal half-life varying between 0.92 and 1.65 hr.
      Moreover, the pharmacokinetics were linear up to at least a 2.0 g dose for volume
      of distribution based on area (23.3-31.3 l), plasma clearance (249-2.88 ml/min),
      and renal clearance (151-177 ml/min). Renal tubular secretion of intact
      cefotaxime and each of its metabolites was demonstrated by its interaction with
      probenecid, although the ratio of drug to metabolites ultimately excreted in
      urine after probenecid was similar to that seen normally (54 +/- 6, 19 +/- 4, 6.5
      +/- 0.7 and 5.5 +/- 0.7% for cefotaxime, DACM, M2, and M3, respectively, when
      calculated as a percentage of the dose). The observed half-lives of DACM, M2, and
      M3 were 2.3 +/- 0.4, 2.2 +/- 0.1 and 2.2 hr, respectively. However, when the true
      half-life of DACM was calculated (0.83 +/- 0.23 hr) it was not only significantly
      shorter than that observed but also shorter than that for intact cefotaxime. The
      plasma clearance of DACM (744 +/- 226 ml/min) was much higher than that of
      cefotaxime while the volume of distribution was of a similar order (56 +/- 24 l).
      When administered intramuscularly, there was good absorption of cefotaxime from
      the site of injection (92-94%) giving maximum plasma levels of the drug of
      between 30 and 35 mg/l at approximately 40 min after dosing. Thereafter, the
      plasma levels of cefotaxime declined in a monophasic manner with a half-life (1.0
      1.2 hr) similar to that of the terminal half-life seen after intravenous
      administration. Lidocaine had no significant effect on either its absorption or
      elimination kinetics.

PMID- 4057055
TI  - Urinary pH and urine flow independent renal clearance of methotrexate in dogs.
AB  - The effects of urine flow and pH on methotrexate renal clearance were studied in
      seven conditioned male Beagle-Mongrel dogs. Steady-state plasma methotrexate and
      inulin concentrations were achieved by i.v. infusions preceded by i.v. bolus
      doses. Plasma and urine concentrations of methotrexate were quantitated by a
      sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay, while those of inulin
      were measured by a colorimetric method. Since plasma protein binding of
      methotrexate was pH and concentration independent, methotrexate/inulin renal
      clearance without correcting for plasma binding was used for most of the data
      analyses. The results showed that the renal clearance ratios at the plasma
      methotrexate levels (approximately 0.1, 1.0, 20.0 and 100 micrograms/ml) studied
      remained relatively constant when urine pH (differences of up to about 2.5 units)
      and flow rate (differences of up to approximately 30 times) were changed. This
      indicated that renal reabsorption of methotrexate in these dogs was negligible.
      However, concentration-dependent renal clearance was observed. The mean renal
      clearances were 3.84, 3.94, 2.73, and 2.72 ml/min/kg at plasma concentrations of
      about 0.1, 1.0, 20.0, and 100.0 micrograms/ml, respectively, when urine was
      alkalized by sodium bicarbonate. The corresponding clearances were 4.02, 4.28,
      2.62,and 2.65 ml/min/kg when urine was acidified by ammonium chloride. These
      showed the existence of saturable tubular secretion of methotrexate. No 7-hydroxy
      methotrexate, a metabolite found in other species, was detected in the urine and
      plasma of the dogs.

PMID- 4057056
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of diminazene in sheep.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic behavior of diminazene in plasma after administration of 2
      mg/kg i.v. and 3.5 mg/kg i.m. was studied in four healthy Dala x Ryggja rams.
      Following i.v. injection, the data were satisfactorily described by a tri
      exponential equation; the apparent volume of distribution at the steady-state was
      0.56 +/- 0.04 L/Kg (mean +/- SD; n = 4); total body clearance averaged 1.1 +/-
      0.09 ml/kg/min and elimination half-life was 9.30 +/- 1.40 hr. After
      intramuscular administration peak plasma levels of 6.30-7.57 micrograms/ml were
      reached in 20 to 45 min and the mean absorption time averaged 5.83 +/- 1.61 hr.
      Systemic availability relative to the intravenous dose was 95.10 +/- 23.21% and
      mean residence time averaged 14.16 +/- 1.55 hr. The partition of diminazene
      between erythrocytes and plasma averaged 0.64 +/- 0.10; plasma protein binding
      was high (65-85%) and concentration-dependent. Based on the experimental data
      obtained, an initial i.m. dose of 2.5 mg/kg followed by 2 mg/kg 24 hr later
      should be safe and effective in cases of babesiosis and trypanosomiasis sensitive
      to diminazene. A preslaughter withdrawal period of 14-26 days was estimated.

PMID- 4057057
TI  - Pharmacokinetic parameter estimates from several least squares procedures:
      superiority of extended least squares.
AB  - The precision of pharmacokinetic parameter estimates from several least squares
      parameter estimation methods are compared. The methods can be thought of as
      differing with respect to the way they weight data. Three standard methods,
      Ordinary Least Squares (OLS-equal weighting), Weighted Least Squares with
      reciprocal squared observation weighting [WLS(y-2)], and log transform OLS
      (OLS(ln))--the log of the pharmacokinetic model is fit to the log of the
      observations--are compared along with two newer methods, Iteratively Reweighted
      Least Squares with reciprocal squared prediction weighting (IRLS,(f-2)), and
      Extended Least Squares with power function "weighting" (ELS(f-xi)--here xi is
      regarded as an unknown parameter). The values of the weights are more influenced
      by the data with the ELS(f-xi) method than they are with the other methods. The
      methods are compared using simulated data from several pharmacokinetic models
      (monoexponential, Bateman, Michaelis-Menten) and several models for the
      observation error magnitude. For all methods, the true structural model form is
      assumed known. Each of the standard methods performs best when the actual
      observation error magnitude conforms to the assumption of the method, but OLS is
      generally least perturbed by wrong error models. In contrast, WLS(y-2) is the
      worst of all methods for all error models violating its assumption (and even for
      the one that does not, it is out performed by OLS(ln)). Regarding the newer
      methods, IRLS(f-2) improves on OLS(ln), but is still often inferior to OLS. ELS(f
      xi), however, is nearly as good as OLS (OLS is only 1-2% better) when the OLS
      assumption obtains, and in all other cases ELS(f-xi) does better than OLS. Thus,
      ELS(f-xi) provides a flexible and robust method for estimating pharmacokinetic
      parameters.

PMID- 4057058
TI  - Performance of Bayesian feedback to forecast lidocaine serum concentration:
      evaluation of the prediction error and the prediction interval.
AB  - The prediction performance of the Bayesian feedback method was evaluated with
      respect to accuracy and precision, and efficacy and safety (width of the
      prediction interval) on the basis of 90 predictions in 30 patients treated with
      lidocaine. The mean of the prediction error (PE) and the root mean squared error
      (RMSE) served as a measure of accuracy and precision. The variance of the
      standardized prediction error (SPE) was used to evaluate the estimate of the
      standard deviation of the prediction error. SPE was defined as PE divided by the
      standard deviation of the predicted concentration. The standard error of RMSE and
      of the variance of SPE was determined by bootstrap. The results indicate that the
      lidocaine serum concentration at 12 hr (C2) after starting continuous infusion
      can be predicted with high accuracy and precision with a single feedback
      measurement obtained 2-4 hr (C1) after commencement of treatment: RMSE = 20.6%.
      Prediction at 24 hr (C3) was less accurate: RMSE = 31.4%. Using both C1 and C2 to
      predict C3 improved precision (RMSE = 23.4%). The evaluation of the prediction
      interval revealed that the current algorithm produces an upward biased estimate,
      probably due to a positive bias in the estimate of the covariance matrix of the
      parameter estimates. It is suggested that evaluation of prediction performance
      should include the estimate of the prediction interval.

PMID- 4057059
TI  - Tangential angle to the second axis. A new angle with implications for bunion
      surgery.

PMID- 4057060
TI  - The effect of foot orthoses on oxygen consumption while cycling.

PMID- 4057061
TI  - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. A review of the literature.

PMID- 4057062
TI  - Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica. A case report and literature review.

PMID- 4057063
TI  - Exercise and diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 4057064
TI  - Cavernous hemangioma. A literature review and case report.

PMID- 4057065
TI  - Calcaneal decompression for chronic heel pain.

PMID- 4057066
TI  - Osteochondrosis of the medial cuneiform. A case report.

PMID- 4057067
TI  - Synpolydactyly. A case report and literature review.

PMID- 4057068
TI  - Congenital hallux valgus occurring with the windswept deformity. A case report.

PMID- 4057069
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the lung with phalangeal metastasis. A case report.

PMID- 4057070
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneous morphine pellets in the
      rat.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and drug release characteristics of a standard, widely
      available s.c. morphine pellet were examined in the rat, together with
      antinociceptive (tailflick) effects and physical dependence. Over a 72-hr implant
      period one, two or three 75-mg morphine pellets released 12.5, 22.6 and 27.6 mg
      of morphine, respectively. Mean plasma morphine concentration after two morphine
      pellets reached a peak at 4 to 6 hr, then declined to a mean apparent steady
      state level of 210 ng/ml at 36 hr that was maintained until the pellets were
      removed at 72 hr. The antinociceptive action of two morphine pellets peaked at 4
      to 6 hr and had returned to predrug base-line values by 36 hr. After pellet
      removal, the plasma elimination kinetics of morphine were biexponential with a
      terminal T1/2 of 8.3 hr. The plasma morphine concentration declined 85% before
      the onset of significant weight loss could be measured. Peak abstinence weight
      loss was dose-related and was significantly correlated with both plasma morphine
      levels just before withdrawal and total dose of morphine absorbed over the 72-hr
      implant. These studies indicate that the release of morphine from s.c. implanted
      pellets in the rat is characterized by an initially higher rate of release (dose
      dumping effect) over the first 24 hr followed by a very constant release from 36
      to 72 hr after implantation. The pharmacodynamic consequences of these dosage
      characteristics are the rapid development of tolerance and maintenance of
      physical dependence during the period of the implant.

PMID- 4057071
TI  - Effects of beta-funaltrexamine in normal and morphine-dependent rhesus monkeys:
      observational studies.
AB  - The behavioral effects of the opioid receptor alkylating agent beta
      funaltrexamine (beta-FNA) were assessed in normal (drug-naive) and morphine
      dependent rhesus monkeys. In normal monkeys, beta-FNA (10 mg/kg s.c.) produced
      muscle relaxation and stupor, which could be reversed by the opioid antagonist
      Win 44,441. Given as a 48-hr pretreatment, beta-FNA antagonized the behavioral
      effects of acute morphine, but not those of two kappa agonists, ethylketazocine
      and Mr 2033 (UM 1072). In morphine-dependent monkeys, beta-FNA (10 mg/kg, s.c.
      and 0.003 mg i.c.v.) precipitated severe abstinence which lasted for 3 days. beta
      FNA was more than 13,000 times more potent in precipitating withdrawal after
      i.c.v. than s.c. administration, whereas naltrexone and Win 44,441 were
      equipotent by these routes. Deprivation-induced abstinence (14 hr) and withdrawal
      of similar severity precipitated by naltrexone, Win 44,441 or naloxonazine were
      suppressed completely by 17.5 mg/kg of morphine. In contrast, 320 mg/kg of
      morphine failed to suppress completely a withdrawal syndrome of the same severity
      elicited by s.c. or i.c.v. beta-FNA. These data are consistent with the view that
      beta-FNA has reversible opioid agonist and insurmountable mu selective antagonist
      activity in the rhesus monkey.

PMID- 4057072
TI  - Distribution and fate of acetaminophen conjugates in fetal lambs in utero.
AB  - The disposition of the two major metabolites of acetaminophen, acetaminophen
      glucuronide (A-G) and acetaminophen sulfate (A-S), was studied in nine
      chronically catheterized fetal lambs during the third trimester. After a bolus
      i.v. injection, both conjugates exhibited biphasic log plasma concentration vs.
      time curves with terminal half-lives of 3.36 to 7.60 hr for A-G and 4.61 to 8.20
      hr for A-S. The steady-state volumes of distribution and the total clearances of
      both conjugates increased with the gestational age of the fetus. The ratios of
      renal clearance to total clearance were 1.00 +/- 0.06 and 0.95 +/- 0.07,
      respectively, for A-G and A-S. Neither placental transfer nor systemic hydrolysis
      of either conjugate was detectable in our experiments. The ratios of renal
      clearance to glomerular filtration rate, as determined by [14C] inulin renal
      clearance, were 0.96 +/- 0.06 and 0.67 +/- 0.10 for A-G and A-S, respectively.
      These ratios corresponded to the free fractions of the two conjugates in the
      plasma, which were 0.96 +/- 0.03 and 0.64 +/- 0.09, respectively, for A-G and A
      S. Our data indicate that transplacental transfer of acetaminophen conjugates is
      not detectable and both conjugates are predominantly eliminated from the fetal
      plasma through renal excretion by glomerular filtration in the fetal kidney. As
      the conjugates are apparently not hydrolyzed in the fetus, they remain in the
      fetus and the surrounding amniotic fluid until birth.

PMID- 4057073
TI  - Pharmacological activity of the isomers of LY53857, potent and selective 5-HT2
      receptor antagonists.
AB  - LY53857 is an ergoline derivative that is a potent and selective antagonist at 5
      HT2 receptors. The present study investigated the activities of the diastereomers
      of LY53857. The SS- and RR-isomers and the meso mixture of isomers of LY53857 all
      showed affinity for 5-HT2 receptors approximately 100-fold higher than for 5-HT1
      receptors based on radiolabeled ligand binding studies in rat cortical membranes.
      Based on these binding data, the meso mixture of isomers was one-half as potent
      as the other two isomers. Consistent with the binding data, the SS- and RR
      isomers and the meso mixture of isomers all showed high affinity as antagonists
      of 5-HT2 receptors in the rat jugular vein, with the meso mixture of isomers
      being slightly less potent than the other two isomers. Affinity of the isomers at
      alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptors was low. Approximately 100,000- and 2000-fold
      higher concentrations were required for antagonism of alpha-1 and alpha-2
      receptors, respectively, relative to 5-HT2 receptors. A similar profile of
      selectivity was demonstrated for each of the isomers studied. These in vitro data
      were consistent with in vivo data showing the high i.v. and p.o. potency of all
      the isomers to antagonize the pressor response to i.v. administration of
      serotonin in pithed spontaneously hypertensive rats. As seen in vitro, the meso
      mixture of isomers was slightly less potent than the SS- and RR-isomers after
      p.o. administration in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4057074
TI  - Role of the sympathetic nervous system in functional maturation of Muller's
      smooth muscle in the rat.
AB  - The role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in postnatal functional
      maturation of Muller's smooth muscle was evaluated in urethane-anesthetized
      Sprague-Dawley rats. Guanethidine treatment beginning at birth induced complete
      sympathectomy, as determined by abolition of contractile responses to electrical
      stimulation of preganglionic axons and tyramine. Through 45 days of age,
      sympathectomy had little effect on development of contractile responses to
      stimulation of alpha-1 adrenoceptors by methoxamine. In contrast, sympathectomy
      prevented the 2-fold increase in contractile response which normally occurs
      between 45 and 70 days. Similarly, treated preparations were supersensitive to
      methoxamine (decreased ED50) only after 45 days. Neonatal decentralization of
      sympathetic neurons also prevented the increase in methoxamine response occurring
      after 45 days. Treatment of mature rats with guanethidine from 70 to 100 days of
      age resulted in a 40% reduction in force of contraction. It is concluded that:
      the SNS is not obligatory for Muller's muscle functional maturation through 45
      days; the SNS mediates a 2-fold increase in contractile response between 45 and
      70 days; the effect of the SNS is impulse-dependent; and the intact SNS is
      required to maintain end organ function at mature levels.

PMID- 4057075
TI  - Inotropic selectivity of dobutamine enantiomers in the pithed rat.
AB  - The inotropic selectivities of the (-)- and (+)-enantiomers of dobutamine were
      assessed in pithed rat by comparing the relative ability of each enantiomer to
      increase left ventricular contractility (left ventricular dp/dt) and heart rate.
      The (-)-enantiomer of dobutamine, which is predominantly an alpha-1 adrenoceptor
      agonist, displayed greater inotropic selectivity than the (+)-enantiomer, which
      is predominantly a beta-1 and beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist. Pretreatment with the
      alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin significantly inhibited the effect of (
      )-dobutamine on left ventricular dp/dt, but did not affect the chronotropic
      activity of this enantiomer. As such, pretreatment with prazosin decreased the
      inotropic selectivity of (-)-dobutamine. In contrast, the inotropic activity and
      selectivity of (+)-dobutamine were not affected by prazosin pretreatment. These
      results indicate that the inotropic effects of (-)-dobutamine are mediated, at
      least in part, by alpha-1 adrenoceptors. We conclude, based on the marked
      inotropic activity of (-)-dobutamine and the greater inotropic selectivity of (-)
      dobutamine over (+)-dobutamine, that alpha-1 adrenoceptors may play a role in the
      inotropic activity and selectivity of racemic dobutamine used clinically. The
      possible involvement of both myocardial alpha-1 and beta-1 adrenoceptors in the
      inotropic activity of dobutamine must be considered.

PMID- 4057076
TI  - Clonidine effects on sulfobromophthalein disposition in mice.
AB  - Increasing doses of clonidine enhanced the retention of sulfobromophthalein (BSP)
      in plasma and liver, while reducing elimination of this dye into bile. The ED50
      of clonidine for these effects was 0.05 to 0.2 mg/kg s.c. In clonidine-treated
      mice which were warmed to reverse drug-induced hypothermia, plasma and liver BSP
      levels were raised as compared to saline-treated mice. Clonidine also raised
      plasma and liver levels of the BSP analog, dibromosulfophthalein, which is not
      conjugated before biliary elimination. Hepatic glutathione levels, activity of
      glutathione-S-transferase and ratios of conjugated to unconjugated BSP were not
      affected by clonidine. In mice with cannulas in their common bile ducts to
      prevent duct spasm, clonidine reduced the amounts of BSP eliminated into bile.
      Thus, the alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, raised plasma and liver levels
      of anionic dyes and reduced their levels in bile by mechanisms other than altered
      conjugation, hypothermia or bile duct spasm.

PMID- 4057077
TI  - Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of diflunisal in rats: dual effects of protein
      binding and metabolism.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to define the dual effects of saturable metabolism
      and saturable protein binding on the pharmacokinetics of diflunisal. Steady-state
      diflunisal concentration and its unbound fraction were examined in seven groups
      of rats to determine the relationships of infusion rate, concentration and total
      and unbound clearances. The total body plasma clearance decreased initially and
      then went up as the concentration of diflunisal increased, whereas the intrinsic
      clearance of unbound drug decreased with increasing concentration. The former is
      a consequence of saturable metabolism as well as saturable protein binding; the
      latter is a consequence of saturable metabolism. The fraction of unbound
      diflunisal increased with concentration. The biliary excretion data of ester and
      ether glucuronide suggested that both the ester and ether glucuronidation
      processes are capacity-limited, although the enzyme system for ether glucuronide
      has a lower Km and capacity than the system responsible for the ester
      glucuronidation.

PMID- 4057078
TI  - Effects of quaternary naltrexone and chlordiazepoxide in squirrel monkeys with
      enhanced sensitivity to the behavioral effects of naltrexone.
AB  - Dose-effect curves were determined for the effects of the opioid antagonist,
      naltrexone, on lever-pressing responses of squirrel monkeys maintained under a 30
      response fixed-ratio schedule of food presentation. Cumulative doses of
      naltrexone up to 3 mg/kg i.m. had little or no effect on fixed-ratio responding,
      whereas higher doses reduced responding in all monkeys. After initial
      determinations of the dose-effect curve for naltrexone, repeated daily injections
      of high doses of naltrexone resulted in enhanced sensitivity to its behavioral
      effects. The cumulative dose-effect curve for naltrexone determined after
      termination of daily injections was shifted more than 3-fold to the left. In
      these same monkeys, the dose-effect curve for naltrexone methobromide, a
      quaternary derivative of naltrexone with limited access to the central nervous
      system, was similar to the initial dose-effect curve for naltrexone.
      Chlordiazepoxide given 1 hr before the experimental session shifted the
      naltrexone dose-effect curve back toward its initial position before the regimen
      of daily injections, but had no systematic effect on the dose-effect curve for
      quaternary naltrexone. Enhanced sensitivity to the behavioral effects of
      naltrexone in these experiments appears to depend on a central component of
      action and is attenuated by chlordiazepoxide.

PMID- 4057079
TI  - Shock titration in the rhesus monkey: effects of opiate and nonopiate analgesics.
AB  - This study evaluated the antinociceptive effects of several opiate and nonopiate
      analgesics in the rhesus monkey using a discrete trial shock titration paradigm.
      Morphine sulfate (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg i.m.) and codeine sulfate (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg
      i.m.) produced a significant and dose-dependent increase in mean shock threshold
      that was not accompanied by a significant increase in mean response latency. The
      mean number of shocks terminated was significantly decreased at the highest dose
      of each opiate. Aspirin (100 and 300 mg/kg p.o.) or ibuprofen (200 mg/kg p.o.)
      did not significantly increase mean shock threshold or mean response latency or
      decrease mean number of shocks terminated. However, 6 mg/kg i.m. of 4,5,6,7
      tetrahydroisoxazolo [5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol produced a significant increase in mean
      shock threshold and mean response latency with no significant effect on mean
      number of shocks terminated. The absence of any effects of a 2-mg/kg dose of
      4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol and the severe side effects
      produced by 10 mg/kg prevented determination of its dose-response relationship.
      Diazepam (0.5, 2 and 8 mg/kg i.m.) produced a significant, dose-dependent
      increase in mean shock threshold and a significant increase in mean response
      latency with no consistent or significant effect on mean number of shocks
      terminated. Doses of 2 and 8 mg/kg of diazepam also produced signs of ataxia.
      These results suggest that the discrete trial shock titration paradigm is
      suitable for demonstration of the antinociceptive effects of opiate and certain
      nonopiate analgesics, but not nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics in the
      rhesus monkey.

PMID- 4057080
TI  - Antagonistic and rate-suppressing effects of opioid antagonists in the pigeon.
AB  - Pigeons trained to peck a key on a fixed-ratio 20 schedule of food presentation
      were used to evaluate the antagonistic and rate-suppressing effects of several
      opioid antagonists. Antagonism was measured as an increase in the dose of
      morphine necessary to suppress responding. Antagonist pretreatments increased the
      suppressing dose of morphine, although the magnitude of the increase varied
      markedly among different antagonists. Rank order of the maximum increase in the
      suppressing dose of morphine that each antagonist produced was: naltrexone = WIN
      44,441 greater than beta-funaltrexamine greater than naloxone = buprenorphine
      greater than MR 2266 greater than diprenorphine. The time course of morphine
      antagonism also differed among antagonists. For example, buprenorphine was not an
      effective antagonist when administered 10 min before morphine, but was effective
      when administered either 2 or 12 hr before morphine. beta-Funaltrexamine and WIN
      44,441 had the longest durations of antagonist action; each antagonized the rate
      suppressing effects of morphine from 10 min to 24 hr. The effective antagonistic
      dose range (i.e., doses which blocked the rate-suppressing effects of morphine
      without affecting response rate when administered alone) and maximum increase in
      the suppressing dose of morphine were highly correlated, suggesting that the
      direct effects of most of these antagonists on responding may limit their
      effectiveness as morphine antagonists.

PMID- 4057081
TI  - Effects of cholinesterase inhibitors on evoked responses in field CA1 of the rat
      hippocampus.
AB  - The anticholinesterases, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) and eserine, were bath
      applied to submerged rat hippocampal slices. Eserine at concentrations from 100
      nM to 100 microM did not produce a significant change in the amplitude of either
      the orthodromic or antidromic population spike (PS). DFP also produced no
      significant change in either response at concentrations from 10 nM to 10 microM.
      In 100 microM DFP, there was a reversible depression in the orthodromic PS but no
      change in the antidromic response. However, both anticholinesterases elicited a
      second PS at most concentrations tested. Whereas the second PS elicited by
      eserine treatment was reversible, the second PS produced by DFP was not
      reversible. Neither compound elicited spontaneous activity. Application of
      acetylcholine, carbachol or muscarine produced second PSs which were blocked by
      the muscarinic antagonists atropine and quinuclidinyl benzylate. Whereas atropine
      reduced the amplitude of the second PS elicited by 1 microM DFP and 10 microM
      eserine, neither atropine nor quinuclidinyl benzylate affected the amplitude of
      the second PS in 10 microM DFP or 100 microM eserine. The nicotinic antagonists,
      gallamine, hexamethonium and dihydro-beta-erythroidine (10 microM), were
      ineffective in reversing the second PS elicited by DFP or eserine. The excitatory
      effects of 10 microM DFP did not resemble those produced by the convulsant,
      bicuculline methiodide, which produced a large afterdischarge even in the
      presence of 10 microM DFP. It is concluded that 10 microM DFP and 100 microM
      eserine have effects in field CA1 that are probably not mediated by cholinergic
      mechanisms.

PMID- 4057082
TI  - Behavioral effects of selected opiates and phencyclidine in the nondependent and
      cyclazocine-dependent rhesus monkey.
AB  - Tolerance to the behavioral effects of selected opiate compounds (cyclazocine,
      ketocyclazocine, naloxone and the stereoisomers of N-allylnormetazocine) and
      phencyclidine was evaluated using cumulative dosing procedures in rhesus monkeys
      responding under a fixed-ratio (FR) schedule of food presentation. Initially, the
      i.v. injection of graded doses of each drug in 8-min time-out periods preceding
      sequential FR periods decreased responding after each time-out in dose-related
      fashion. Subsequently, daily administration of up to 11 mg/kg of cyclazocine led
      to an approximately 16 to 32-fold rightward shift in the dose-effect curves for
      cyclazocine and ketocyclazocine and an approximately 4-fold rightward shift in
      the dose-effect curves for phencyclidine and (+)-N-allynormetazocine. In
      contrast, the dose-effect curves for naloxone and (-)-N-allynormetazocine were
      generally unchanged or shifted leftward. Termination of daily cyclazocine
      administration produced signs of withdrawal which disappeared over several days
      in all monkeys. These included emesis, frequent aggressive display and disruption
      of schedule-controlled performance. Present results suggest that the rate
      decreasing effects of racemic cyclazocine involve mechanisms distinct from those
      mediating the rate-decreasing effects of naloxone or (-)-N-allynormetazocine. The
      differing degrees of cross-tolerance produced to the rate-decreasing effects of
      ketocyclazocine and of phencyclidine and (+)-N-allynormetazocine also suggest
      that the latter compounds produce behavioral effects to some extent through
      mechanisms distinct from those through which ketocyclazocine is effective.

PMID- 4057083
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and systemic fibrinogenolytic effects of recombinant human
      tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in humans.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt
      PA) were studied in 20 subjects during and after its i.v. infusion at three
      different rates (5.6, 8.3, and 10 micrograms/kg/min). Steady-state plasma
      concentrations of 0.9 to 1.6 micrograms/ml were reached. The plasma disappearance
      curves of rt-PA (both antigen and activity) after cessation of infusion were
      approximated by a sum of two exponential terms and the turnover of rt-PA was
      represented by a two-compartment mammillary model with peripheral (liver)
      elimination. The fractional efflux rate constant from the central compartment was
      0.10 per min and the fractional catabolic rate constant about 0.02 per min. After
      cessation of infusion the initial half-life of the drug in plasma was 6 min.
      Fibrinogen levels were measured by a clotting rate assay and by sodium sulfite
      precipitation. Infusion of rt-PA at 10 micrograms/kg/min for 30 min did not cause
      systemic fibrinogen breakdown. Infusion of 5.6 micrograms/kg/min for 90 min was
      associated with a decrease of fibrinogen to 62% of the preinfusion value (4.5
      g/l) as measured with the clotting rate assay, but only 2% was recovered as
      incoagulable fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products. Infusion of 8.3
      micrograms/kg/min for 90 min resulted in a decrease of fibrinogen to 45% of the
      preinfusion level (2.5 g/l) and generation of 8.5% fibrinogen-fibrin degradation
      products. Fibrinogen assays with the sodium sulfite method showed a much less
      extensive decrease of fibrinogen. This extent of systemic fibrinolytic activation
      and fibrinogen breakdown at high infusion rates and prolonged durations is
      compatible with that anticipated from the kinetic parameters of the activation of
      plasminogen by rt-PA.

PMID- 4057084
TI  - Sensitization to repeated enkephalin administration into the ventral tegmental
      area of the rat. II. Involvement of the mesolimbic dopamine system.
AB  - In the preceding report it was shown that daily microinjection with the
      enkephalin analog, D-Ala2-Met5-enkephalinamide (DALA), into the ventral tegmental
      area (VTA) results in a progressive increase in spontaneous motor activity. In
      this study it was found that the enhanced behavioral response was associated with
      a greater increase in dopamine metabolism in the nucleus accumbens and striatum
      after acute DALA administration. However, daily injection with either DALA or
      saline did not alter the steady-state levels of dopamine or its metabolites.
      Haloperidol did not block the development of an augmented behavioral response.
      Rats pretreated with daily intra-VTA injections of DALA had a significantly
      greater motor response to amphetamine, i.p. or neurotensin, intra-VTA, when
      compared with rats pretreated with daily saline. However, the motor effects of
      caffeine or intraaccumbens injection with dopamine were not altered by daily
      injections. These data support the idea that daily intra-VTA injection with DALA
      results in an increased responsiveness of mesolimbic dopamine neurons to
      excitatory pharmacological stimuli.

PMID- 4057085
TI  - Gastric tone modifies the responses to extrinsic neural stimuli in the
      anaesthetized ferret.
AB  - To determine the relation between resting intragastric pressure and neuronally
      evoked motility responses, the stomach of the anaesthetized ferret was inflated
      with two volumes within the physiological range. Vagal evoked contractions
      decreased as the resting pressure was increased. The decrease affected responses
      to high, but not low, intensity stimulation of the vagus. Vagal evoked relaxation
      of the stomach increased as a linear function of resting pressure. Atropine
      lowered the resting pressure in vagotomized ferrets but did not alter the
      relation between vagal evoked relaxation and resting pressure. Intra-arterial
      acetylcholine evoked a contraction followed by a relaxation. The contraction was
      reduced at higher resting pressures but the relaxation increased. Hexamethonium
      had no effect on the contraction but substantially reduced the relaxation.
      Stimulation of the greater splanchnic nerve evoked two responses. The first,
      direct relaxation of the stomach (independent of cholinergic activity), bore the
      same relation to resting pressure as vagal evoked relaxation. The second,
      inhibition of vagal evoked contraction, had no relation to resting pressure. The
      degree of reduction in the amplitude of vagal evoked contraction by an
      immediately preceding vagal stimulation decreased at higher resting pressures.
      This was the opposite of vagal evoked relaxation. The capacity of stimulation of
      one cervical vagus to evoke a response as large as that from stimulation of two
      cervical vagi was shown to depend on the use of near-maximal levels of
      stimulation. At low levels of stimulation the responses to two vagi were
      additive, and at the lowest levels there was facilitation. It was concluded that
      the effect of resting pressure on the amplitude of evoked contractions was
      mediated mainly by smooth muscle, although modulation of the quantities of
      transmitter released from nerves could play a minor part. The practical
      implications of manipulating resting pressure by changes in volume were
      discussed. In particular, the manipulation of resting pressure as a method of
      differentiating the mechanisms of central nervous influence on gastric motility
      was compared to surgical and pharmacological nerve block.

PMID- 4057086
TI  - Calcium release by noradrenaline from central sarcoplasmic reticulum in rabbit
      main pulmonary artery smooth muscle.
AB  - The subcellular composition of relaxed and noradrenaline-contracted rabbit main
      pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells was measured by electron probe X-ray
      microanalysis of cryosections of rapidly frozen tissue. Some of the preparations
      were made permeable with saponin and exposed to a known free Ca ion
      concentration, rapidly frozen, freeze-substituted, and also analysed by electron
      probe X-ray microanalysis. 98% of intracellular K could be replaced by Rb. This
      was done to remove the K peak that partially overlaps the Ca peak in the X-ray
      spectra. The final [Rb]i plus residual [K]i was not significantly different from
      the [K]i of normal tissue. The [Ca]i in Rb-containing tissue was not
      significantly different from the [Ca]i in normal, K-containing tissue. Non
      mitochondrial micro-regions containing high [Ca] (up to 33 mmol/kg dry wt.) were
      found at sites 200 nm or more away from the plasma membrane. These micro-regions
      also contained high [P]. We consider the identification of these regions
      containing high [Ca] as sarcoplasmic reticulum (s.r.), validated by: (a)
      conventional electron micrographs that show no other structures in main pulmonary
      artery smooth muscle in sufficient quantity and location to account for the
      frequency of these regions, (b) the previous localization of strontium, a
      functional calcium analogue, in the central s.r. in these smooth muscles (Somlyo
      & Somlyo, 1971 a), (c) the present demonstration that the central s.r. in this
      tissue can accumulate large amounts of calcium oxalate. The proportion of regions
      containing high [Ca] (greater than 12.0 mmol/kg dry wt.) was significantly higher
      in relaxed (35 of 330 measurements) than in the contracted (14 of 337) tissues (P
      less than 0.005), or 26 of 34 vs. 6 of 31 high [Ca] measurements in regions
      identified as s.r. through their high phosphorus content (P less than 0.006).
      This difference is thought to represent Ca release from the central s.r. There
      was no significant difference (P greater than 0.05) between the distributions of
      P in relaxed and contracted smooth muscle. The total cell [Ca]i in relaxed Rb
      containing tissue, measured with randomly positioned small probes (3.6 mmol/kg
      dry wt.), was the same as that measured with large defocused probes, indicating
      the validity of random sampling. A mathematical model was used to estimate the
      frequency of including s.r. (35 nm diameter and 5% of cell volume) by a randomly
      positioned electron probe (50 nm), because we could not visualize s.r. in the
      cryosections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4057087
TI  - Arterial pressure maintenance after haemorrhage in the pregnant rabbit.
AB  - The changes in arterial blood pressure and cardiac output following rapid removal
      of 10% of the blood volume have been compared in non-pregnant and pregnant
      anaesthetized rabbits close to term (28 or 29 days gestation). Immediately after
      the end of haemorrhage the fall in arterial pressure was greater in the pregnant
      group (27.7 vs. 17.8 mmHg), but as recovery proceeded the difference diminished
      and by the tenth minute the reduction from pre-haemorrhage levels was similar in
      pregnant and non-pregnant rabbits. Cardiac output fell by about 30% in both
      groups and increased only very slightly during the ensuing 10 min. 1 h after
      section of the carotid sinus and aortic nerves the haemorrhage was repeated. The
      fall in arterial pressure in the non-pregnant rabbits was now more than doubled
      (47.2 vs. 17.8 mmHg). By contrast it was little changed in the pregnant rabbits
      (32.0 vs. 27.7 mmHg). It is concluded that pregnancy diminishes the role of the
      baroreceptor reflexes in the response of the rabbit to haemorrhage. Other
      mechanisms, such as an increased compliance of the resistance vessels and/or a
      more effective chemically mediated vasoconstriction, probably become of more
      importance to the maintenance of arterial pressure.

PMID- 4057088
TI  - Electric current flow in cell pairs isolated from adult rat hearts.
AB  - Cell pairs were isolated from ventricles of adult rat hearts so as to study cell
      to-cell coupling. Both cells of each pair were impaled with micro-electrodes
      connected to balanced bridge circuits. Rectangular current pulses were passed and
      the resulting voltage deflexions monitored. The data were analysed in terms of a
      delta configuration of three resistive elements, the resistances of the non
      junctional membrane of cell 1 and cell 2 (rm, 1 and rm, 2), and the resistance of
      the nexal membrane (rn). The nexal membrane resistance was found to be
      insensitive to voltage gradients across the non-junctional membrane (range
      examined: -70 to -10 mV) and direction of current flow. The mean value of rn was
      2.12 M omega ([K+]o = 12 mM). Taking into account morphological parameters, this
      corresponds to a specific nexal membrane resistance (Rn) of 0.1 omega cm2.
      Spontaneous uncoupling in which one cell remained polarized while the other one
      depolarized was never observed. The current-voltage relationship of the non
      junctional membrane was found to be bell-shaped. The specific resistance (Rm) at
      the resting membrane potential (approximately -50 mV) was 3.2 k omega cm2 ([K+]o
      = 12 mM). Comparative studies performed on single cells revealed a similar
      relationship Rm versus Vm. Rm at the resting membrane potential (Vm approximately
      -50 mV) was 2.5 k omega cm2 ([K+]o = 12 mM). The specific capacitance of the non
      junctional membrane (Cm) was determined from experiments on single cells. Cm was
      found to be independent of Vm (voltage range: -80 to 0 mV). The mean value of Cm
      was 1.66 microF/cm2 ([K+]o = 12 mM). For comparison, experiments on cell pairs
      and single cells were also carried out with [K+]o = 4 mM. The values obtained for
      Rn, Rm and Cm did not deviate significantly from those found with [K+]o = 12 mM.

PMID- 4057089
TI  - Origin and voltage dependence of asparagine-induced depolarization in intestinal
      cells of Xenopus embryo.
AB  - The kinetics and voltage dependence of asparagine (Asn)-induced depolarization in
      endoderm cells from Xenopus laevis embryos were analysed using current-clamp
      techniques. The depolarization is assumed to reflect the activation of an amino
      acid membrane carrier; it is accompanied by a slight increase in membrane
      resistance and cannot be explained by only the electrogenic character of the Asn
      carrier. It is proposed that the Asn depolarization arises, at least in part,
      from the decrease of the permeability ratio PK/PNa indirectly associated with the
      Na-coupled amino acid uptake. At room temperature (20-23 degrees C) the Asn
      response develops according to a single exponential function whose time constant
      is correlated with the final level of depolarization. Both amplitude and rise
      time of the depolarization are sensitive to variations of membrane potential and
      changes in Asn or Na external concentrations. Lowering the temperature decreases
      the amplitude of the Asn depolarization and increases its rise time with a Q10
      factor of two; the kinetics remain of the Michaelis-Menten type, with a marked
      decrease in delta Emax and no change in Km. When the holding potential is altered
      by depolarizing and hyperpolarizing currents, the Asn response varies according
      to a bell-shaped characteristic presenting an optimum near the normal resting
      level. Membrane depolarizations induced by Na/K-pump inhibitors or high external
      K concentrations reduce the size of the Asn response; repolarizing the cell by
      current injection does not reverse the inhibitory effect of external K ions.
      Hyperpolarizing the membrane with a K-free Ringer solution increases the
      amplitude of the Asn response. In all these cases a decrease in delta Emax
      accounts for the apparent voltage sensitivity of the carrier mechanism. When
      induced by alterations of [K]o, an additional change in Km is observed,
      suggesting a K/Na-competitive inhibition of the Asn carrier. The results are
      discussed in terms of the amino acid carrier and passive membrane properties. It
      is suggested that the outward K-electrochemical gradient contributes an
      additional source of energy to the Na-dependent Asn uptake.

PMID- 4057090
TI  - Slow wave heterogeneity within the circular muscle of the canine gastric antrum.
AB  - A cross-sectional preparation was designed in which multiple micro-electrodes can
      be precisely positioned to impale smooth muscle cells anywhere from the serosa to
      the submucosa. Intracellular electrical recordings were obtained from gastric
      antral circular muscle cells from the myenteric plexus to the submucosa. The
      resting membrane potential changed linearly as a function of distance from the
      myenteric plexus to the submucosa. Slow wave upstroke dV/dt, upstroke potential
      amplitude, and plateau potential amplitude changed linearly as a function of
      distance from the myenteric plexus to the submucosa. When slow waves were
      recorded simultaneously from a circular cell near the myenteric plexus and from a
      cell near the submucosa, the event always occurred first in the cell near the
      myenteric plexus. Electrical differences did not appear to be caused by
      electrotonic decay of slow waves as they propagated through the circular muscle.
      Electrical differences could not be explained on the basis of differences in
      intrinsic neural activity or prostaglandin synthesis. Membrane polarization could
      not explain the differences in slow waves between myenteric and submucosal
      circular muscle cells. The conclusion of this paper is that fundamental
      differences exist between the excitability mechanisms and/or passive membrane
      properties of cells near the myenteric plexus and the submucosa. These
      differences might be manifest in different motor performance of these two muscle
      cell populations.

PMID- 4057091
TI  - Maximal perfusion of skeletal muscle in man.
AB  - Five subjects exercised with the knee extensor of one limb at work loads ranging
      from 10 to 60 W. Measurements of pulmonary oxygen uptake, heart rate, leg blood
      flow, blood pressure and femoral arterial-venous differences for oxygen and
      lactate were made between 5 and 10 min of the exercise. Flow in the femoral vein
      was measured using constant infusion of saline near 0 degrees C. Since a cuff was
      inflated just below the knee during the measurements and because the hamstrings
      were inactive, the measured flow represented primarily the perfusion of the knee
      extensors. Blood flow increased linearly with work load right up to an average
      value of 5.7 l min-1. Mean arterial pressure was unchanged up to a work load of
      30 W, but increased thereafter from 100 to 130 mmHg. The femoral arterial-venous
      oxygen difference at maximum work averaged 14.6% (v/v), resulting in an oxygen
      uptake of 0.80 l min-1. With a mean estimated weight of the knee extensors of
      2.30 kg the perfusion of maximally exercising skeletal muscle of man is thus in
      the order of 2.5 l kg-1 min-1, and the oxygen uptake 0.35 l kg-1 min-1.
      Limitations in the methods used previously to determine flow and/or the
      characteristics of the exercise model used may explain why earlier studies in man
      have failed to demonstrate the high perfusion of muscle reported here. It is
      concluded that muscle blood flow is closely related to the oxygen demand of the
      exercising muscles. The hyperaemia at low work intensities is due to
      vasodilatation, and an elevated mean arterial blood pressure only contributes to
      the linear increase in flow at high work rates. The magnitude of perfusion
      observed during intense exercise indicates that the vascular bed of skeletal
      muscle is not a limiting factor for oxygen transport.

PMID- 4057092
TI  - Characterization of choline transport at maternal and fetal interfaces of the
      perfused guinea-pig placenta.
AB  - Unidirectional influx and efflux of choline into the syncytiotrophoblast were
      investigated from both maternal and fetal circulations of the perfused guinea-pig
      placenta by using a single-circulation paired-tracer (extracellular reference and
      test substrate) dilution technique. Cellular uptake of [3H]choline at 0.05 mM was
      (mean percentage +/- S.E. of mean, n = 14 placentae) 51 +/- 2 and 49 +/- 2, on
      maternal and fetal sides, respectively. Kinetics of unidirectional influx (0.05
      4.0 mM-choline) indicated the existence of saturable and non-saturable components
      on both sides: on maternal and fetal interfaces the Km (mM) values were
      respectively, 0.12 and 0.13, the Vmax (mumol min-1 g-1) values, 0.08 and 0.07 and
      the apparent linear transfer constants (min-1 g-1) 0.11 and 0.12. Efflux of
      [3H]choline from the placenta back into the ipsilateral circulation (backflux)
      was generally fast (20-60% in 5-6 min) and asymmetric with the fetal: maternal
      ratio usually above unity. Transplacental specific choline transfer in the dually
      perfused placenta, when observed, was small (less than 10% of the injected dose)
      following tracer injections in either direction based on the 5-6 min collection
      of the contralateral circulation (at 0.05 mM-choline). Placental retention of
      [3H]choline at the end of the 5-6 min period was about 25% of the injected dose
      when the tracers were injected from either circulation. Analogues of choline such
      as hemicholinium-3, thiamine, ethanolamine and N,N-dimethylethanolamine inhibited
      choline unidirectional influx, whereas betaine and acetate had no effect. The
      absence of the normal sodium gradient (perfusate sodium was replaced by Tris or
      by lithium) did not inhibit choline transport. The metabolic inhibitors
      dinitrophenol (1.0 mM) and potassium cyanide (1.0 mM) were essentially
      ineffective (up to 40 min perfusion). The sulphydryl reagent N-ethylmaleimide did
      not appear to inhibit the influx, in comparison with its effect on [3H]choline
      backflux which was greatly accelerated, resulting in a dramatic reduction in
      placental net uptake of the label. Our findings show that choline transport into
      the placenta is a rapid carrier-mediated process occurring at both maternal and
      fetal sides of the trophoblast, at physiological blood concentrations. This
      cellular uptake is possibly related to the synthesis of acetylcholine, which is
      known to occur in human placental tissue. Specific transplacental transfer of
      choline was a very slow process under the conditions of our experiments and this
      contrasted with the observed fast and high uptake into the trophoblast.

PMID- 4057093
TI  - Prepartum milking and the onset of secretion of milk fat in the goat.
AB  - Late-pregnant goats were separated into two groups. A control group of four goats
      had small (approximately 3 ml) volumes of secretion expelled from one mammary
      gland at infrequent intervals between day 130 of gestation and parturition. An
      experimental group of five goats had as much secretion as possible removed from
      both glands twice daily beginning on day 137 of gestation and continuing until
      parturition. After parturition, both groups were milked twice daily. Regular
      'milking out' before parturition stimulated secretion of triglyceride by the
      mammary gland, and most of the fatty acids secreted in the triglyceride before
      parturition had a chain length of 18 carbons. Secretion of 6-14-carbon chain
      length fatty acids in the milk triglycerides increased after parturition. There
      was no evidence that the onset of secretion of medium-chain and long-chain fatty
      acids occurred at different times in the control animals. It is concluded that
      the onset of secretion of medium-chain and long-chain fatty acids in milk
      triglycerides can be dissociated, although both are normally synchronized with
      parturition. Removal of secretion by the offspring at parturition may be a
      stimulus for the onset of secretion of long-chain fatty acids, but the onset of
      secretion of medium-chain fatty acids is brought about by some other mechanism.

PMID- 4057094
TI  - Actions on gamma-motoneurones elicited by electrical stimulation of cutaneous
      afferent fibres in the hind limb of the cat.
AB  - The reflex actions elicited by graded electrical stimulation of hind-limb
      cutaneous (sural, superficial peroneal and tibial) nerves were investigated with
      intra- and extracellular micro-electrode recordings in gamma-motoneurones
      projecting to hind-limb muscles in twenty-four cats anaesthetized with alpha
      chloralose. In total, reflex responses of 100 gamma-motoneurones were analysed.
      82 of the gamma-cells were classified as dynamic (43) or static (39) using the
      method of mesencephalic stimulation (Appelberg, Hulliger, Johansson & Sojka,
      1982). The general responsiveness (i.e. number of input nerves with effect/number
      of input nerves tested) of the whole sample of gamma-cells to stimulation of skin
      nerves was extremely high (94.8%). All negative observations were encountered
      among static and non-classified gamma-cells. Generally, the stimulation strengths
      needed for evoking effects in the gamma-cells were very low. A majority of the
      excitatory effects in the dynamic cells appeared with stimulation intensities
      below 1.5 threshold (T), while most static cells were excited with stimulation
      strengths between 1.5 and 2 T. Also a statistical comparison of the populations
      of stimulation strength thresholds for the excitatory effects revealed a
      significant difference (P less than 0.0009) between dynamic and static gamma
      cells. By contrast, the thresholds for inhibitory effects in dynamic cells were
      slightly higher than for excitatory effects (P less than 0.0009). As regards
      excitation of static cells, inhibition of dynamic cells and inhibition of static
      cells, no statistically significant threshold differences were found. A strong
      dominance of excitation over inhibition was found in both dynamic and static
      flexor (posterior biceps and semitendinosus) gamma-motoneurones from all input
      nerves. In comparison to flexor gamma-motoneurones, there was a much higher
      incidence of inhibitory and mixed (excitatory and inhibitory) responses in
      extensor (triceps) gamma-motoneurones, from all nerves tested. For dynamic cells
      there was an about even balance between excitation and inhibition, while for
      static cells inhibition seemed to prevail. The latencies for excitatory effects
      in dynamic gamma-cells differed from those in static gamma-cells (P less than
      0.027). The shortest latencies of excitatory effects found for dynamic gamma
      cells indicate a disynaptic coupling, while for static cells the shortest route
      seemed to involve at least three synapses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4057095
TI  - Electrical excitability of motor nerve terminals in the mouse.
AB  - Electrical activity of motor nerve terminals was recorded with focal
      extracellular electrodes under visual location with Nomarski optics in the
      intercostal muscle of the mouse. Following ionophoretic applications of
      tetrodotoxin (TTX) to the last three nodes of Ranvier, a nerve impulse jumped
      across the three inexcitable nodes and excited the heminodal region. When
      excitation at the last node of Ranvier and the heminodal region was blocked by
      TTX, the distal terminal revealed a small inward current in response to nerve
      stimulation. This inward current disappeared when TTX was applied to the distal
      terminal, indicating the presence of active inward currents in this region under
      normal conditions. When excitation at the last node, heminode and distal
      terminals was blocked by TTX, the transmitter release was still observed by nerve
      stimulation, suggesting substantial passive depolarization of the terminal by
      excitation of up-stream nodes of Ranvier. Local hyperpolarization of the distal
      terminal caused an increase in the amplitude of the TTX-sensitive inward current
      at the terminal, and the reverse effects were exerted by depolarization of the
      terminal. It is concluded that the mouse motor terminal is electrically excitable
      and that the TTX-sensitive inward current at the terminal is largely masked by
      passive depolarization due to excitation of up-stream nodes of Ranvier and the
      heminode under normal conditions.

PMID- 4057096
TI  - The effects and interactions of angiotensin and vasopressin on the heart of
      unanaesthetized sheep.
AB  - The effects of infusions of angiotensin and vasopressin, in stepwise
      concentrations, on the cardiac baroreflex and on cardiac output were studied in
      seven adult unanaesthetized sheep and compared with those obtained with infusions
      of phenylephrine. Six animals were treated with the beta-adrenoceptor blocking
      drug, propranolol (in order to inhibit the effects of the sympathetic nervous
      system on the heart). One animal was not treated with propranolol. In those
      animals in which arterial pressure increased during infusion of vasopressin, the
      slope of the systolic pressure-pulse interval relation was greater than that seen
      when phenylephrine was used to increase arterial pressure. Compared with the
      cardiac response to pressor doses of phenylephrine, infusions of angiotensin were
      associated with a lesser degree of cardiac slowing and a lesser reduction in
      cardiac output. The effects of combined infusions of angiotensin and vasopressin
      on the cardiac baroreflex were studied. In five sheep which were infused with a
      pressor dose of angiotensin (1.1 microgram/min), the stimulatory effect of
      vasopressin (1.0 u./min) on pulse interval and its depressant effect on cardiac
      output were attenuated. In seven sheep infused with 0.5 u./min of vasopressin,
      I.V. infusion of angiotensin (0.2-5.0 micrograms), produced a progressive
      decrease in pulse interval and increase in cardiac output as the dose was
      increased. Therefore, angiotensin can offset the cardioinhibitory effects of
      vasopressin. Since cardiac sympathetic activity was blocked and neither drug has
      any direct chronotropic effect on the heart, it would appear that these
      interactions between the two drugs affect the cardiac vagus either at a
      peripheral or central level.

PMID- 4057097
TI  - Augmenting responses evoked in area 17 of the cat by intracortical axon
      collaterals of cortico-geniculate cells.
AB  - Evoked potentials were recorded in the visual cortex of the cat after electrical
      stimulation of the lateral geniculate nucleus (l.g.n.). The primary response,
      mediated by geniculo-cortical fibres, was depressed at stimulation frequencies
      above 7 Hz and replaced by a late potential, the incremental response, which
      gradually increased in amplitude with successive stimuli. The incremental
      response was a negative-positive potential in the depth of the cortex with the
      negative component having maximal amplitude in layer 4. The response reversed
      polarity in layer 1 to become a positive-negative potential at the surface. The
      latency of the negative component of the incremental response was about 3.5-4 ms
      in layer 4, compared to about 1.5 and 2.5 ms for the mono- and disynaptic
      components of the primary response. The incremental response could only be evoked
      from the l.g.n. and the optic radiation, not from the optic tract, superior
      colliculus or other surrounding structures. Within the l.g.n., the effect was
      only evoked from stimulation sites in approximate retinotopic register with the
      recording site in the cortex. Low threshold points were found in the A laminae,
      completely overlapping with the low threshold points for the primary response.
      Thresholds increased steeply when the stimulation electrode was lowered into the
      C laminae. The incremental response could still be evoked ten days after the
      destruction of all cells in the l.g.n. complex by kainic acid. It is concluded
      that the described incremental response is identical to the augmenting response
      of Dempsey & Morison (1943) and is mediated by intracortical axon collaterals of
      antidromically activated cortico-geniculate neurones.

PMID- 4057098
TI  - Synaptic excitation of neurones in area 17 of the cat by intracortical axon
      collaterals of cortico-geniculate cells.
AB  - Antidromic activation of layer 6 cortico-geniculate cells from the lateral
      geniculate nucleus (l.g.n.) was used to study synaptic effects mediated by their
      intracortical axon collaterals. A specific stimulation procedure, earlier shown
      to suppress geniculo-cortical synaptic effects and to enhance synaptic effects
      from layer 6 cell collaterals was employed to differentiate between inputs from
      the two pathways. Single cells in different cortical layers were recorded both
      extra- and intracellularly with glass micro-electrodes. Antidromic activation of
      cortico-geniculate cells at 10-16 Hz induced massive, usually repetitive, spike
      discharges in almost all cells in layers 2-5. The shortest latency for this
      synaptic activation (3.4-7.5 ms) was found for simple cells in layer 4. Cells in
      layers 2, 3 and 5 responded with progressively longer latencies. Cortico
      geniculate cells in layer 6 were atypical in that hardly any responded with
      synaptic discharges to the stimulation. Intracellular recordings from layer 4
      cells revealed, besides a monosynaptic excitatory post-synaptic potential
      (e.p.s.p.) from geniculo-cortical fibres, a late e.p.s.p. with a latency of 3.0
      4.2 ms. This e.p.s.p. could only be evoked from stimulation sites within the A
      laminae of the l.g.n. in retinotopic register with the recording site in the
      cortex. No corresponding potential was obtained by stimulation of the optic tract
      or the superior colliculus. The threshold intensity for the late e.p.s.p. in
      layer 4 cells was much higher than for the geniculo-cortical e.p.s.p.s from the
      same stimulation sites, indicating that the effect was mediated by thin fibres.
      The late e.p.s.p.s increased dramatically in size with repetitive stimulation of
      the l.g.n. at frequencies above 7 Hz, while the geniculo-cortical e.p.s.p.s
      remained unchanged. In all these properties, the late e.p.s.p.s resemble similar
      e.p.s.p.s evoked monosynaptically in principal cells of the l.g.n. by orthodromic
      activation of cortico-geniculate fibres. Large e.p.s.p.s were evoked also in
      complex cells of layers 2, 3 and 5 and in simple cells of layer 6 upon antidromic
      stimulation of cortico-geniculate fibres. The sample included many efferent
      neurones, identified as projection cells by antidromic activation from
      extracortical stimulation sites. The latency and behaviour of the e.p.s.p.s in
      these cells indicate that the effect was mediated indirectly via layer 4 cells.
      Presumably, the excitation travelled along an earlier identified chain of
      neurones, going from layer 4 to layers 2 and 3, from there to layer 5 and then to
      layer 6.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4057099
TI  - Inhibiting the rabbit caudal ventrolateral medulla prevents baroreceptor
      initiated secretion of vasopressin.
AB  - The A 1 noradrenergic neurones are known to project from the caudal ventrolateral
      medulla to the vasopressin-secreting neuroendocrine cells in the hypothalamus.
      They therefore represent a possible central pathway from the medulla to the
      hypothalamus for baroreceptor-initiated secretion of vasopressin. We tested this
      hypothesis in the anaesthetized rabbit. Muscimol, a gamma-aminobutyric-acid
      receptor agonist, was injected into the caudal ventrolateral medulla to inhibit
      the A 1 noradrenergic neurones. Secretion of vasopressin, measured by
      radioimmunoassay, was initiated either by arterial haemorrhage or by constriction
      of the inferior vena cava. After injection of vehicle into the caudal
      ventrolateral medulla, or after injection of muscimol into nearby control areas,
      both haemorrhage and constriction of the inferior vena cava produced the expected
      elevation in plasma vasopressin. After injection of muscimol into the caudal
      ventrolateral medulla, secretion of vasopressin in response to haemorrhage and to
      constriction of the inferior vena cava, was completely abolished. The A 1
      noradrenergic neurones may be the sole pathway transmitting the reflex for
      baroreceptor-initiated secretion of vasopressin from the medulla to the
      hypothalamus.

PMID- 4057101
TI  - Electromyographic responses evoked in muscles of the forelimb by intracortical
      stimulation in the cat.
AB  - Chronically implanted microwires were used to deliver brief trains of electrical
      stimuli (11 cathodal pulses at 330 Hz and intensity 5-35 microA) to sixty-two
      locations in the grey matter of the pericruciate cortex in cats.
      Electromyographic (e.m.g.) responses in the contralateral forelimb were recorded
      from a total of ten muscles (four to eight in each animal) acting about the
      shoulder, elbow and wrist and on the digits. The animals were relaxed with little
      background e.m.g. in the muscles and as a result only excitatory effects could be
      described. Five muscles which are flexors in the locomotor context were excited
      from more electrodes, distributed more widely across the motor cortex, than
      another five muscles which are extensors during locomotion; this difference in
      'accessibility' was present both at 35 microA stimulus intensity and at 15
      microA. At a stimulus intensity of 15 microA, effective cortical electrodes
      tended to cluster either in the most lateral part of the anterior sigmoid gyrus
      (rostromedial focus) or in the coronal gyrus just caudal to a line prolonged
      beyond the lateral end of the cruciate sulcus (caudolateral focus). This is
      consistent with the existence of a double motor representation within the
      forelimb motor cortex (Pappas & Strick, 1981). The two foci were similar in that
      both gave rise to more flexor than extensor responses and to fewer responses in
      digit or wrist muscles than in muscles acting about more proximal joints (elbow
      and shoulder). At stimulus intensity 35 microA the latency of the earliest e.m.g.
      responses ranged from 11 to 14 ms in different muscles. For some muscles and
      electrodes the amplitude of the e.m.g. responses was substantially altered by a
      quite small postural change. After pyramidectomy the cortical thresholds and the
      e.m.g. latencies were both greatly increased.

PMID- 4057100
TI  - Fluctuations in intracellular calcium concentration and their effect on tonic
      tension in canine cardiac Purkinje fibres.
AB  - Ca2+-activated aequorin luminescence and tension were measured in dog Purkinje
      fibres during twitches and during the increase in resting force produced by
      exposure of the fibres to a low-Na+ solution after 3 min without external K+.
      Over the restricted range which could be examined, the relation between tension
      and 'mean' aequorin luminescence (luminescence filtered at 0.2 Hz) was
      approximately linear during the development and maintenance of contracture. For a
      given level of force, the mean aequorin luminescence during contracture was up to
      20 times greater than the peak luminescence during the twitch. Noise analysis of
      aequorin luminescence and tension during contracture indicated the presence of
      periodic fluctuations, with a predominant frequency in the range 1-4 Hz.
      Ryanodine (1 microM) or caffeine (10 mM) abolished the fluctuations in
      luminescence and tension and made the relation between tension and mean aequorin
      luminescence much steeper. A mathematical model, the key feature of which is
      periodicity in the asynchronous occurrence of spatially localized regions of
      relatively high [Ca2+], reproduces the experimental data derived from
      contractures. From the model analysis, we infer that tonic tension is produced by
      recruitment of increasing numbers of regions of high [Ca2+], rather than by
      homogeneous graded activation. These results indicate that during contracture or
      'tonic tension', intracellular [Ca2+] is not at steady state, but rather
      undergoes large, asynchronous spatio-temporal fluctuations. Thus the assumptions
      that intracellular [Ca2+] is at steady state or homogeneous during tonic tension
      are not valid.

PMID- 4057102
TI  - Forelimb electromyographic responses to motor cortex stimulation during
      locomotion in the cat.
AB  - The forelimb motor cortex was stimulated via chronically implanted
      microelectrodes whilst electromyographic (e.m.g.) responses were recorded from
      muscles in the contralateral forelimb in cats walking steadily at 0.5 m/s. The
      stimuli were brief trains of 0.2 ms pulses (11 pulses at 330 Hz), intensity 5-20
      microA and e.m.g.s were recorded from the following muscles: biceps brachii,
      brachialis, long and lateral heads of triceps brachii, latissimus dorsi,
      cleidobrachialis, extensor digitorum communis, palmaris longus and flexor and
      extensor carpi ulnaris. During locomotion, stimulation at 20 microA readily
      elicited brief, short-latency changes in the normal locomotor patterns of
      activity in all muscles studied. The changes included production of e.m.g. at
      times in the step cycle when the muscles are normally inactive and brief
      augmentations or diminution of the normal locomotor e.m.g.s. Individual
      electrodes usually influenced several muscles, and muscles acting
      antagonistically about the same joint were sometimes co-contracted. The first
      effect on locomotor flexor muscles (i.e. muscles active in relation to the swing
      phase of the step cycle) was almost always excitatory and such effects were often
      phase-dependent, usually occurring when the muscle was normally active or about
      to become active. Extensor muscles were excited from some cortical loci but
      inhibited from others (inhibitions were necessarily detectable only when the
      muscles exhibited locomotor-related e.m.g.s). Some micro-electrodes elicited
      excitation during swing (when the extensors are inactive) but elicited inhibition
      during stance. In several muscles the latencies of the excitatory e.m.g. changes
      could be as short as 6 ms measured from the first pulse in the stimulus train. In
      flexors, but not in extensors, latencies fluctuated according to the timing of
      the stimuli relative to the step cycle. Reduction in stimulus intensity reduced
      the amplitude of the e.m.g. changes, the number of muscles influenced and often
      increased the latency. However, both excitations and inhibitions were sometimes
      evident at 5 microA and thresholds for excitatory responses were, over-all,
      substantially lower than in the resting animal. Longer trains of stimuli were
      capable of resetting the step cycle. Response thresholds were greatly increased
      after pyramidectomy. These findings support the view that the natural bursts of
      impulses discharged by pyramidal tract neurones during steady locomotion are
      likely to contribute to regulating forelimb muscle activity on a step-by-step
      basis.

PMID- 4057103
TI  - The effect of intraluminal tryptophan and phenylalanine on small intestinal
      motility in the conscious dog.
AB  - The effect of D- and L-isomers of tryptophan and phenylalanine on fasting motor
      activity of canine jejunum were investigated. Only L-tryptophan had any effect on
      jejunal motility. The concentration of L-tryptophan required to elicit a motor
      effect in 50% of animals was estimated at 28 mM. 50 mM-L-tryptophan stimulated
      jejunal motility after a latency of 4.5 +/- 0.7 min. The pattern of motility was
      similar to that evoked by feeding but continued for only 41 +/- 5 min and failed
      to disrupt the normal timing of the interdigestive migrating motor complex
      (m.m.c.). The duration of the subsequent phase II of the complex was, however,
      significantly reduced. Multiple infusion of L-tryptophan also failed to disrupt
      the timing of the m.m.c. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that
      specific breakdown components of protein digestion are implicated in the
      stimulation of postprandial motor activity. The mechanisms involved in the motor
      response to L-tryptophan are discussed.

PMID- 4057104
TI  - Force-velocity properties of fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles of the kitten.
AB  - The characteristics of the isometric and force-velocity properties of the fast
      twitch flexor digitorum longus (f.d.l.) and the slow-twitch soleus muscles of the
      developing kitten were determined at post-natal ages of 2 days and 1,2,4 and 6
      weeks. The contractile properties of the isometric twitch and tetanus were
      similar to those previously reported by other authors. The minimum stimulation
      frequency required for isotonic contractions to achieve the maximum speed of
      shortening at any given load was 200 Hz for f.d.l. and 150 Hz for soleus at all
      ages. The extrapolated maximum speed of sarcomere (sarc.) shortening (Vmax) was
      significantly different between the f.d.l. (22.3 microns s-1 sarc.-1) and soleus
      (13.1 microns s-1 sarc.-1) at 2 days of age. The f.d.l. Vmax achieved adult
      values by 4 weeks of age, while there was little or no change in the soleus Vmax.
      The force-velocity properties are discussed and compared to the changes which
      have been observed in other contractile properties of the cat f.d.l. and soleus
      muscles.

PMID- 4057105
TI  - Gadolinium ions inhibit exocytotic vasopressin release from the rat
      neurohypophysis.
AB  - Single rat neurointermediate lobes (n.i.l.s) were fixed by their stalks to a
      platinum wire clip electrode and incubated in oxygenated Krebs-HEPES medium.
      Vasopressin release int the medium was determined by radioimmunoassay.
      Vasopressin secretion was increased by different stimuli and the effects of
      gadolinium (Gd3+) were tested. Electrical stimulation (15 Hz, three times 1 min
      with 1 min intervals) increased vasopressin release in a calcium-dependent
      manner. Gd3+ (10 microM to 3 mM) inhibited the evoked release of vasopressin in a
      concentration-dependent fashion; at 3 mM the inhibition was 98%. The inhibitory
      effect of Gd3+ up to 300 microM was antagonized by increasing the calcium
      concentration in the medium up to 6 mM. The effects of 1 and 3 mM-Gd3+ were
      unaffected by increasing the calcium concentration. Exposure of n.i.l.s to
      depolarizing concentrations of potassium (high K+, 60 mM, 30 min) increased the
      vasopressin release more than 33-fold. The elevated vasopressin release remained
      constant during six consecutive 5 min periods. In the initial 5 min period 300
      microM-Gd3+ reduced the evoked vasopressin release by 80% but during the last 5
      min period only by 30%. At 3 mM-Gd3+ vasopressin release was completely blocked
      during the whole time of incubation with high K+. Vasopressin release induced by
      exposure of n.i.l.s to cold (4 degrees C, 20 min) was completely inhibited by 3
      mM-Gd3+, but reduced by only 25% in the presence of 300 microM-Gd3+. Vasopressin
      release induced by incubation of n.i.l.s with the ionophore X-537A (lasalocid)
      (10 microM, 30 min) was reduced by 90% in the presence of 300 microM-Gd3+ and
      completely prevented by 3 mM-Gd3+. 300 microM-Gd3+, added to the incubation
      medium, had no significant effect on the vasopressin release from crude
      synaptosomal preparations evoked by high K+. However, when 300 microM-Gd3+ was
      already present during the tissue homogenization, the evoked vasopressin release
      from the synaptosomes was completely blocked. It is concluded that Gd3+ inhibits
      exocytotic vasopressin release at two different sites. First, Gd3+ may block
      voltage-regulated calcium channels. Secondly, Gd3+ may inhibit the exocytotic
      release mechanism by an intracellular site of action. It is speculated that
      contractile proteins may be the intracellular target for Gd3+.

PMID- 4057106
TI  - Activation of the human diaphragm during maximal static efforts.
AB  - Voluntary activation of the human diaphragm was assessed in four subjects by
      interpolation of supramaximal stimuli (one to four shocks, interstimulus interval
      20 ms) to one phrenic nerve during graded static inspiratory and expulsive
      efforts at functional residual capacity. There was an inverse relationship
      between the size of the voluntarily generated pressure and the size of the
      electrically evoked change in pressure. Each subject activated the diaphragm
      fully during brief (2-5 s) maximal inspiratory and expulsive efforts, as judged
      by the failure of supramaximal stimuli to augment the voluntarily maintained
      pressure. During prolonged inspiratory efforts or following fatigue of the
      diaphragm produced by a sustained contraction each subject was able to activate
      the diaphragm maximally but did not do so on all occasions.

PMID- 4057108
TI  - [Effect of physical training on basal metabolism. (1). Aging and long-term
      exercise loaded at a moderate intensity in rats].
AB  - Effect of training on basal metabolism in rats by means of long-term exercise
      loaded at a moderate intensity were studied. The Wistar-strain male rats were
      carefully bred at the room temperature of 23.0 +/- 1 degree C and humidity of
      60%. The first physical training was carried out by motor driven treadmill for 8
      weeks at a speed of 25 m/min for less than 15 min once daily and 6 times in a
      week after 4 weeks of birth. Continuously, the second training was carried out
      for 15 months at the same load of one time per week. Running ability and the
      recovery of glycogen in exhausted skeletal muscles on period of the first
      training, loaded from 4 weeks to 12 weeks after birth. There was no change on the
      basal metabolism between the trained and sedentary control rats. In general, the
      basal metabolism significantly fell by aging, for instance, 24 months rat's basal
      metabolism was 63% of 3-4 months rat's. The second training repressed a decline
      of running ability and rose the recovery of muscle glycogen in rats, though
      training could not be stopped lowering of basal metabolism in aged rats.

PMID- 4057107
TI  - The neural and non-neural mechanisms involved in urethral activity in rabbits.
AB  - The effects of electrical and chemical stimulation on the mechanical or
      electrical properties of the circular smooth muscle cells of the bladder neck,
      and proximal urethra of the male rabbit were investigated by means of micro
      electrode, double-sucrose-gap and tension-recording methods. In the bladder neck,
      application of short current pulses (50 microseconds) produced an initial
      excitatory junction potential (e.j.p.) with a superimposed spike, followed by a
      late depolarization, and these electrical events evoked contraction. The initial
      e.j.p. was unaffected by guanethidine, phentolamine, methysergide or mepyramine,
      indicating the initial e.j.p. is not mediated by activation of adrenergic,
      tryptaminergic or histaminergic receptors. The late depolarization was enhanced
      by pre-treatment with neostigmine (10(-7) M) and abolished by atropine (10(-6)
      M). In the proximal urethra, electrical-field stimulation evoked phasic
      contraction which was followed by relaxation, associated with initial e.j.p.s,
      late depolarization and inhibitory junction potentials (i.j.p.s). Guanethidine
      (10(-5) M) or phentolamine (10(-6) M) reduced the size of the initial e.j.p. to
      40-50% of the control value and combined application of guanethidine and atropine
      further reduced the amplitude of the e.j.p. to 20-30%. There was a parallel
      reduction in the mechanical response. The late depolarization was enhanced by
      neostigmine and abolished by atropine. The i.j.p. and muscle relaxation were not
      affected by propranolol, phentolamine, guanethidine or atropine. These results
      indicate that the proximal urethral smooth muscle cells are innervated by
      adrenergic and cholinergic excitatory, and by non-cholinergic non-adrenergic
      inhibitory nerve fibres. In the prostatic urethra, field stimulations also evoked
      twitch contractions with or without following phasic contraction and relaxation.
      The twitch contractions were abolished by d-tubocurarine (10(-6) M), suggesting
      that they arise from striated muscle. Exogenously applied prostaglandin (PG) E1,
      PGE2 or PGF2 alpha (greater than 10(-10) M) evoked sustained increase in the
      muscle tone in the presence or absence of indomethacin, and enhanced the
      amplitude of muscle relaxation evoked by the field stimulation without affecting
      the resting membrane potential. Indomethacin (10(-6)-10(-5) M) gradually reduced
      the muscle tone of the proximal urethra with no change in the resting membrane
      potential. At the reduced muscle tone, electrical-field stimulation did not evoke
      muscle relaxation. Thus, the amplitude of muscle relaxation evoked by field
      stimulation was dependent on the level of muscle tone of the circular muscle
      strips.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4057109
TI  - [Effects of endurance moderate physical training on basal metabolism of young
      adult rats].
AB  - In order to clarify the conclusion that the change of basal metabolism affected
      by physical training, effect of endurance training for 8 weeks on basal
      metabolism of young adult rats were investigated. Results are as follows.
      Endurance training increased significantly running ability of rats, for instance
      the running time at a speed of 25 m/min on the control and training groups were
      53.7 +/- 18.8 min, 232.8 +/- 32.8 min, respectively. The ratio of soleus's weight
      to the body weight in trained rats was high significantly (p less than 0.05). The
      glycogen contents of trained rats under the condition of feeding have higher than
      the control rats. Especially, glycogen contents of the soleus and red
      gastrocnemius significant increased (p less than 0.05), and liver glycogen
      content under the same condition increased significantly (p less than 0.02). The
      oxygen consumption in trained rats increased significantly compared with control
      rats (p less than 0.03). The basal metabolism of trained rats showed 1.24-fold
      increase compared with those of control (p less than 0.02). Oxygen consumption of
      sliced ventricle in trained rats increased significantly (p less than 0.03), it's
      rate was 118% of control. However those of other tissues did not change
      significantly.

PMID- 4057110
TI  - No tube regimen in gastric surgery (a study of 201 cases).

PMID- 4057111
TI  - Vasitis nodosa (a report of 7 cases).

PMID- 4057112
TI  - Congenital myasthenia gravis (a case report).

PMID- 4057113
TI  - Mycoplasmas in female genital tract.

PMID- 4057114
TI  - Heterotopic (pathological) ossification (a report of 3 cases).

PMID- 4057115
TI  - Tungiasis in Maharashtra (a case report).

PMID- 4057116
TI  - Early observations on pulmonary changes and clinical morbidity due to the
      isocyanate gas leak at Bhopal.

PMID- 4057117
TI  - Measurement of psycho-social stress in relationship to an illness (a controlled
      study of 100 cases of malignancy).

PMID- 4057118
TI  - Intravenous lignocaine in tinnitus.

PMID- 4057119
TI  - Thymectomy in myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 4057120
TI  - Management of post-term pregnancy.

PMID- 4057121
TI  - The presentation and analysis of experimental data.

PMID- 4057122
TI  - Functional vomiting.

PMID- 4057123
TI  - Emotional aspects in diabetes mellitus: a study of somatopsychological reactions
      in 51 couples in which one partner has insulin-treated diabetes.
AB  - Fifty-one couples in which one partner has insulin-treated diabetes were studied
      in a combined questionnaire/interview procedure. Focus was the emotional aspects
      in having a chronic disease seen from both the patient's and the partner's point
      of view. The diabetics complained more often of fear and anxiety about future,
      fluctuations in mood and were finding their daily life more troublesome. Further
      the diabetics claimed to be more tired and diabetic males had more sexual
      concerns. We find the emotional considerations crucial to the management of
      diabetes and suggest better efforts should be made in coping with these problems
      including both the patient and the spouse.

PMID- 4057124
TI  - The reliability of a brief life event interview.
AB  - A brief life event interview was described. The results of a reliability study
      carried out on random samples of the general population were discussed. Nine
      ratings obtained on each of 481 events, experienced by a total of 214 subjects,
      were analysed. The levels of reliability obtained were satisfactory. It was
      argued that this interview represents a reliable and economical procedure for
      obtaining detailed information on life events within field settings.

PMID- 4057125
TI  - Nonverbal expressiveness and EMG activity in tension headache sufferers and
      controls.
AB  - This study explored the relationship between musculoskeletal responses and
      nonverbal expressiveness in response to psychosocial stress. Muscle-contraction
      headache subjects and normal controls were confronted with a psychological
      stressor while forehead and neck EMG activity were recorded. Indices of nonverbal
      expressiveness (head and hand movements, facial tension, facial activity, and
      facial expressiveness) were obtained concomitantly with the muscle data. The
      headache subjects showed greater muscle activation than the controls in response
      to stress, greater evidence of facial tension, and less evidence of facial and
      bodily expressiveness. Overall, these data provided support for the notion that
      under some conditions a negative relationship exists between expressiveness and
      somatic activation.

PMID- 4057126
TI  - Psychological group treatment of obese essential hypertensives by lay therapists
      in rural general practice settings.
AB  - Two hundred and sixty-one obese essential hypertension patients from 15 rural
      general practices were assigned to either an experimental group (n = 155) or to
      waiting control group (n = 106). The experimental group underwent psychological
      group treatment aimed at weight reduction, improvement of stress coping, and
      reduction of salt-intake. Sixteen therapy sessions were conducted in each of the
      general practices by specifically trained lay therapists who applied a
      standardized, highly structured therapy programme. During the time of the study,
      both experimental group and waiting control group received intensified medical
      attention. After the 6-months therapy, health knowledge and health behaviour of
      the patients had improved. Mean weight reduction was 5.2 kg. Blood pressure had
      decreased by a mean of 14.4 mm Hg (systolic)/7.4 mm Hg (diastolic). After a
      follow-up period of four months, the beneficial effects of the group treatment
      were confirmed: Patients needed less anti-hypertensive medication and consistent
      reduction of body weight prevailed.

PMID- 4057127
TI  - Exaggerated psychophysiological reactivity: issues in quantification and
      reliability.
AB  - Marked physiological reactivity to challenging mental tasks has been associated
      with elevated risk for, as well as the presence of, coronary heart disease.
      However, little systematic enquiry into the reliability and quantification of
      such exaggerated reactivity has emerged. Subjects were 32 male, managerial
      employees, ranging in age from 22 to 56 yr, who satisfied the following criteria:
      no history or current signs of heart disease, presence of Type A behavior pattern
      as revealed by the Structured Interview, and an increase during an initial
      psychosocial stress testing of at least 25% over baseline in at least three out
      of five psychophysiological indices. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure,
      diastolic blood pressure, plasma epinephrine and plasma norepinephrine levels
      were monitored while challenging mental tasks were performed in three sessions
      (screening, pretraining and posttraining) spaced several weeks apart.
      Psychophysiological reactivity during the tasks emerged as a consistent trait.
      For all five measures, change scores from baseline during the screening session
      were significantly correlated with change scores during the pretraining session.
      Moreover, the magnitude of the change scores were similar in the screening and
      pretraining sessions. Analysis of cross correlations within and between indices
      provided little support for the use of data transformations such as residual
      scores or analysis of covariance. Finally, on four out of five measures, the
      challenging tasks were found to be comparable in the degree of reactivity
      elicited. These findings suggest that, for selected Type A men, exaggerated
      psychophysiological reactivity occurs reliably when monitored with multiple
      indices, appears insensitive to mere passage of time, and can be uniformly
      elicited by a variety of tasks.

PMID- 4057128
TI  - Vestibular disorder and emotional distress.
AB  - A standardised test of psychopathology (CCEI) was administered to tinnitus
      sufferers some of whom also complained of dizziness. It was predicted that the
      complaint of dizziness would be associated with higher scores on the anxiety
      scales of the CCEI and this was confirmed. Subjects complaining of dizziness
      obtained much higher scores on 'phobic' and 'somatic' anxiety scales in
      particular. However, the complaint of dizziness was completely uncorrelated with
      objective assessments of balance and there was no effect of balance, objectively
      assessed, in moderating the association between the complaint of dizziness and
      'anxiety'. The results highlight the complex relationship between vestibular
      dysfunction and complaint behaviour.

PMID- 4057129
TI  - Psychophysiological analysis of atopic dermatitis.
AB  - Ten atopic dermatitis (AD) patients with active symptomatology and ten control
      subjects matched for age, sex and race were administered a stress test. AD
      subjects had greater EMG and heart rate activity as well as higher anxiety scores
      on the Symptom Checklist-90R. These results suggest that AD may have a
      psychophysiological component.

PMID- 4057130
TI  - The paradoxical relation between diastolic blood pressure change under stress and
      the H factor of the Jenkins Activity Survey.
AB  - This study examined the relation of the Type A scale and of the three factors of
      the Jenkins Activity Survey to the cardiovascular responses of twenty-six
      subjects during two stressful tasks. The two tasks were reaction time (RT) and
      paced arithmetic (PA) and the sample was drawn from a general medical practice.
      While heart rate correlated directly with the subject's score on the Hard Driving
      and Competitive Factor (H), diastolic blood pressure response to PA was inversely
      related to the subject's Type A and factor H scores. This paradoxical inverse
      relation remained highly significant when the diastolic pressure in the rest
      preceding PA was statistically controlled.

PMID- 4057132
TI  - Assessing depression and anxiety in chronic dialysis patients.

PMID- 4057131
TI  - Psychophysiological comparisons of three kinds of headache subjects during and
      between headache states: analysis of post-stress adaptation periods.
AB  - Twenty-eight chronic headache sufferers of three headache types (migraine,
      tension and combined migraine-tension) selected on the basis of explicit
      inclusion and exclusion criteria and matched on five demographic characteristics
      were assessed in a headache and non-headache state on a number of
      psychophysiological measures (frontalis, forearm and neck EMG; cephalic vasomotor
      response; hand surface temperature; heart rate and skin resistance level) and a
      number of stimulus conditions (baseline, self-control, cognitive and physical
      stressors). Results indicated no significant differences between the three
      headache groups or headache states on any measure during baseline condition.
      Analyses of post-stress adaptation periods led to the area of most significant
      differences, with a number of findings lending support for Sternbach's inadequate
      homeostatic responding hypothesis of migraine, but not tension, headache. No
      support was found for the sustained levels of muscle tension hypothesis of the
      etiology of tension headache. Implications for the etiology and treatment of
      headache are discussed.

PMID- 4057133
TI  - Review of valvular cardiac surgery at the Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital.

PMID- 4057134
TI  - The management of inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms.

PMID- 4057135
TI  - Transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy.

PMID- 4057136
TI  - Posterior mediastinal thyroid: the role of CT scanning.

PMID- 4057137
TI  - The management of salivary gland swellings in Kuwait.

PMID- 4057138
TI  - Bennett's fractures fixed using the Herbert scaphoid screw.

PMID- 4057139
TI  - Local anaesthesia of the great toe.

PMID- 4057140
TI  - Anterior lesser curve seromyotomy and posterior truncal vagotomy for chronic
      duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 4057141
TI  - Gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity. Experience in a community hospital.

PMID- 4057142
TI  - Plasma fibrinogen levels in acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 4057143
TI  - The common bile duct and its anomalies.

PMID- 4057144
TI  - Clinical, manometric and surgical aspects of complete prolapse of the rectum.

PMID- 4057145
TI  - Reducing the surgical mortality of acute colitis. A district hospital's
      experience.

PMID- 4057146
TI  - The place of contrast enema in the management of large bowel obstruction.

PMID- 4057147
TI  - Simultaneous intrathoracic and peritoneal splenosis with spontaneous regression
      of intrathoracic splenosis.

PMID- 4057148
TI  - Colonic polyps and ureterosigmoidostomy.

PMID- 4057149
TI  - Osteoid osteoma in the neck of the femur.

PMID- 4057150
TI  - Malignant giant cell tumour of soft parts.

PMID- 4057151
TI  - Four primary carcinomas of the large bowel in a young man.

PMID- 4057152
TI  - Benign ulceration, perforation and intussusception in coeliac disease.

PMID- 4057153
TI  - Research works in China on radiation effects for protection.

PMID- 4057154
TI  - Membrane carrier-activity in X- or gamma-irradiated human diploid fibroblasts.

PMID- 4057155
TI  - Pu isotopes, 241Am and 137Cs in soils from the atomic bombed areas in Nagasaki
      and Hiroshima.

PMID- 4057156
TI  - Effects of 2'-chlorothymidine on Chinese hamster cells irradiated with X-rays and
      ultraviolet light.

PMID- 4057157
TI  - Enhancement of cathepsin B activity in irradiated mouse testes.

PMID- 4057158
TI  - A primate model for chronic nerve compression.
AB  - Peripheral compression neuropathy is a common clinical entity but little human
      nerve material has been available for study. It has been difficult to develop an
      experimental model of chronic nerve compression which is reliable and
      reproducible, making it difficult to assess the various treatment modalities
      currently in use to manage this problem. In a recent study using a rat model,
      connective tissue and nerve fiber changes associated with chronic nerve
      compression were described by the authors. The present study expands this same
      model of chronic nerve compression to the multifascicular median nerve of the
      cynomolgus monkey, using this model to test whether or not current surgical
      treatment modalities for nerve entrapment will alter the course of chronic nerve
      compression. Using histologic and morphometric parameters, there did not appear
      to be a difference between nerves treated by decompression alone or by
      decompression and internal neurolysis. Total number of nerve fibers remained
      constant, as did axon size, but a demyelinating process was demonstrated which is
      a significant component of chronic nerve compression. Although the small number
      of experimental animals (7) makes precise evaluation of the clinical modalities
      impossible, the authors expect that further study of the multifascicular median
      nerve of the cynomolgus monkey will prove to be a useful source of future
      experimental evidence and will help to interpret the diverse therapeutic and
      operative techniques currently in use.

PMID- 4057159
TI  - Surgical treatment of actinic brachial plexus lesions: free microvascular
      transfer of the greater omentum.
AB  - Actinic brachial plexus lesions after mastectomy have been treated in 67 cases.
      Thirty-nine cases have been operated on, 31 of which by means of a free
      microvascular transfer of the greater omentum. Indications and contraindications
      of the procedure are discussed, as well as the types of anatomic-pathologic
      lesions that have been found, and the surgical technique that has been modified
      and improved over time is presented. Results indicate that free microvascular
      greater omentum transfer following neurolysis is currently the best method for
      relief of pain.

PMID- 4057160
TI  - Resurfacing weight bearing areas of the heel. The role of the dorsalis pedis
      innervated free tissue transfer.
AB  - Five cases of chronic ulceration following skin graft resurfacing of the weight
      bearing surface of the heel are presented. All were managed with debridement and
      coverage with a free innervated dorsalis pedis tissue transfer. The technical
      refinements that have contributed to the reliability of the flap include careful
      distal identification of the first dorsal metatarsal artery (FDMA) and division
      of the dorsalis pedis artery (DPA) under direct vision below the takeoff of the
      FDMA. Donor site morbidity has been minimized by taking care to preserve the
      extensor paratenon as a bed for the subsequent skin graft and by immobilization
      of the donor foot with plaster and bed rest for 10 days. Four of the patients
      were followed for 2, 4, 4, and 6 years; one was lost to follow-up. All were
      active with protective sensation in their flaps. No instances of flap breakdown
      and no significant donor site morbidity were noted. The dorsalis pedis innervated
      free tissue transfer is recommended as a reliable procedure for resurfacing
      weight bearing areas of the foot when simpler methods have failed.

PMID- 4057161
TI  - Replantation of a transmetacarpal amputation. A case report.
AB  - A case is presented of a 23-year-old male who sustained a traumatic
      transmetacarpal amputation of his nondominant hand. The injury consisted of
      complete severance of structures distal to the midpalm. Microsurgical
      reconstruction involved the primary repair of arteries, veins, nerves, extensor
      and flexor tendons, and metacarpal fractures. Skeletal reconstruction also
      employed a primary Swanson prosthesis for the fifth metacarpophalangeal (MP)
      joint. Early postoperative range-of-motion exercises were encouraged, with the
      achievement of a functionally capable replanted extremity. The general management
      of an amputation injury is also discussed, as it applies to a community hospital
      environment.

PMID- 4057162
TI  - Intercostal-lumbar-spinal nerve anastomoses for cord transection. A preliminary
      investigation.
AB  - Since 1978, 10 intercostal nerve-cauda equina anastomoses and 11 intercostal
      nerve-lumbar anastomoses were performed for thoracolumbar spinal cord
      transection. Three to four pairs of intercostal nerves above the traumatic level
      of the cord were anastomosed with two to four pairs of cauda equina or lumbar
      nerve roots below the traumatic level, using microsurgical technique. The
      surgical techniques used for the latter 11 cases were performed through an
      extraperitoneal approach. The operative technique is described in detail. These
      21 cases have been followed-up for six to 48 months. Electromyography (EMG) shows
      that action potentials are present in several previously paralyzed muscles in 11
      cases. Muscle strength of some previously paralyzed muscles in three cases
      recovered to Grades 1 to 3. There is evidence that intercostal-lumbar-spinal
      nerve anastomoses provide a chance for neuronal regeneration, but unsatisfactory
      functional results are still questions for further study.

PMID- 4057163
TI  - Vascular variations and their treatment in toe transplantation.
AB  - The vascular anatomy encountered in toe transplantation is described and
      anatomical variations clearly detailed. Suggestions are presented for management
      of anomalies in vascularity.

PMID- 4057164
TI  - Free gracilis transfer in the treatment of gluteus medius paralysis after
      poliomyelitis.
AB  - Paralysis of the gluteus medius after poliomyelitis often gives rise to secondary
      spinal deformity and inclination of the pelvis; the patient presents with a
      typical waddling gait. The paralysis is usually associated also with varying
      degrees of involvement and deformity of the extremities. Current treatment for
      paralysis of the gluteus medius has not been totally satisfactory. With the
      development of micro-neurovascular procedures, transfer of free muscle grafts for
      paralyzed or functionless muscles can be performed with functional recovery. The
      authors present a series of 12 cases, of which 10 were followed-up from 12 to 35
      months. All of them had good cosmetic and functional results, with increased hip
      stability and stable gait. The operative technique, as well as the surgical
      anatomy, are described.

PMID- 4057165
TI  - Arterial intimal damage in avulsion and crush injuries in rat limbs.
AB  - A stereotypical pattern of arterial intimal damage has been demonstrated in rat
      avulsed and crushed injuries. These intimal tears can be found up to 6 cm
      proximal to the site of injury in avulsion injuries and are found at a delayed
      time with crush injuries. In both types of injury, circumferential intimal and
      subintimal tears spaced approximately 1 mm apart were demonstrated. These
      findings suggest a structural arrangement of the muscular artery wall that
      predisposes it to a reproducible pattern of damage. Veins undergoing the same
      avulsion and crushing procedure did not manifest any change. The presence of
      musculature rings or a weakened medial layer in artery walls after avulsion and
      crush injuries may influence short term patency and also long-term clinical
      replantation results.

PMID- 4057166
TI  - Experiences in the use of eight cutaneous and osteocutaneous superficial and deep
      circumflex iliac free flaps.
AB  - Eight patients underwent free tissue transfers involving groin cutaneous or
      osteocutaneous flaps using the superficial and deep circumflex iliac arteries and
      veins. Four were used for head and neck reconstruction, two for severe neck scar
      contractures, and two for composite skin and mandibular reconstruction. Three
      were used in lower extremity reconstructions, all in situations requiring bone
      and skin reconstruction. One was used for skin cover alone in an upper extremity
      reconstruction for wrist cover. One of the head and neck cases sustained vascular
      thrombosis requiring a second successful free flap coverage for a 12.5% failure
      rate. One required re-exploration with successful salvage. The average operating
      time was 12 hours. The anatomy and surgical techniques are discussed. The main
      values of the procedure are the presence of a double vascular supply of both
      arteries and veins for complex reconstructions, and the fact that a large area of
      skin and subcutaneous tissue can be procured, with a relatively inconspicuous
      donor site.

PMID- 4057167
TI  - Relationship between the number of digital nerves sutured and sensory recovery in
      replanted fingers.
AB  - The relationship between the number of digital nerves sutured and sensory
      recovery was investigated in 50 fingers of 33 patients, with follow-up of more
      than five years after replantation of the amputated fingers. Items of
      investigation were measurements of two-point discrimination (2PD) values and the
      threshold of touch sense. In cases of repair at the proximal phalanx, good
      sensory recovery was observed only with bilateral nerve repair. At the middle
      phalanx, the influence of the location of repair on sensory recovery was greater
      than that of the number of digital nerves sutured. Sensory recovery was better in
      those cases with repairs at a more distal location. Modes of sensory recovery
      were also studied.

PMID- 4057168
TI  - Surgical anatomy of the musculocutaneous nerve: a photographic essay.
AB  - The objective in this study was a microscopic dissection and examination of the
      musculocutaneous nerve. The origin of the musculocutaneous nerve and its
      relationship with the surrounding structures, motor and sensory branches, and
      fascicular structures were studied. The anastomoses between this nerve and other
      major nerves in the arm and forearm are also described.

PMID- 4057169
TI  - Reconstruction of the thumb by a free pedal neurovascular flap and composite
      phalanx-joint-tendon homograft: a preliminary report.
AB  - A one-stage procedure for reconstructing the thumb was used in 10 patients, using
      previously frozen bone-joint-tendon composite allograft and a neurovascular free
      skin flap from the foot. Levels of injury ranged from the greater multiangular
      bone to the middle of the first phalanx. Postoperative bony absorption and joint
      degeneration were minimized, and no cases of tissue rejection were encountered.
      Further advantages of the procedure are that subsequent nerve regeneration and
      cutaneous sensibility are improved, and that there are better functional and
      aesthetic results, compared to other techniques. Using this procedure, donor site
      dysfunction is also minimal.

PMID- 4057170
TI  - Microvascular free flap based on the medial femoral main cutaneous artery.
AB  - This article introduces a free flap based on the medial femoral main cutaneous
      artery. Flap transfer was carried out in two cases with complete postoperative
      success. An anatomical description of the midportion of the medial femoral
      region, based on magnification and binocular dissection microscope studies is
      provided, and the operative procedure is described.

PMID- 4057171
TI  - Cross-bridge free skin flap transfer: case report.
AB  - The authors present a procedure that can be used in cases of massive skin and
      soft tissue defect accompanied by extensive vascular injury. The technique
      involves the use of two donor components (a free skin flap and a vascular donor)
      which form a single unit postoperatively. The free flap is stretched over crossed
      limbs, with its major lateral portion serving to cover the defect, and the margin
      of its medial portion containing the flap pedicle sutured to a pedicled skin flap
      from the healthy contralateral limb. End-to-end anastomoses of vessels from both
      components are performed within the skin bridge that connects the crossed limbs.
      A temporary cross-over vascular supply to the free flap from vessels of the
      healthy limb is thus created. The procedure is offered as a satisfactory solution
      to the problem of transferring free flaps in cases where recipient site vessels
      are absent or unusable.

PMID- 4057172
TI  - Psittacosis in general practice: implications for control.
AB  - In one general practice over a six-week period three patients with atypical
      pneumonia were shown serologically to have psittacosis. All three patients had
      been exposed to the same flock of ducks but veterinary investigation three months
      after the first case had been reported did not show the ducks to be infected.
      However, in a retrospective review of laboratory-diagnosed psittacosis, a likely
      source of infection was found in 11 out of 24 cases and in most of these full
      medicoveterinary investigation would have been warranted. Early diagnosis,
      reporting quickly to the medical officer for environmental health and early
      liaison with the divisional veterinary officer are essential prerequisites if
      psittacosis is to be controlled. If psittacosis were made a statutory notifiable
      disease this would encourage a more energetic approach to its control. The
      proposed cutbacks in the veterinary investigation service will make full
      investigations more difficult.

PMID- 4057173
TI  - Attitudes of Asian patients in Birmingham to general practitioner services.
AB  - Attitudes of Asian patients to the delivery of primary health care in two
      Birmingham general practices were investigated by questionnaires administered by
      an Asian ethnic minorities worker who spoke dialects appropriate to the
      population under investigation. One practice was staffed by Asian doctors the
      other by British doctors. The responses to the questionnaires were analysed with
      reference to religion - Sikh, Hindu and Muslim and to the two practices. Choice
      of doctor appears to be determined more by the proximity of the patient's home to
      the practice premises than by ethnic considerations. Reported failures to meet
      the special needs of Asian patients were those inherent in the difficulties of
      British general practice and were not peculiar to Asian patients. The need for
      help from an interpreter did not seem to be important.

PMID- 4057174
TI  - Study of trainer/trainee workload with special reference to the care of the
      elderly.
AB  - A study of the workload of trainers and their trainees in general practice, was
      undertaken throughout East Anglia. Thirty trainer/trainee pairs returned data
      over a two-week period and follow-up information was obtained from five pairs,
      eight months later. A simple encounter form was used.Trainee workloads were found
      to be similar to those of earlier studies, though there was considerable
      variation between the workloads. Trainees had little experience with elderly
      patients, and there was a lack of teamwork between members of the practices in
      providing care for the elderly.

PMID- 4057175
TI  - Priority given by doctors to continuity of care.
AB  - The attitude of 297 general practitioners in the Wessex region to continuity of
      care was assessed by postal questionnaire; there were 280 complete replies (94%
      response). One-third of the doctors were asked to define continuity of care; the
      remaining two-thirds were asked to rank six priorities of practice organization
      one of which concerned continuity of care. In addition, all doctors were asked
      whether they used a personal or combined list. A wide variety of definitions for
      continuity of care was offered but the majority of doctors (61%) specified care
      by one doctor. Personal continuity was rated highest by significantly more
      doctors in large practices (list size of 10 000 or more) than in small practices
      and doctors in large practices were also more likely to use personal lists.

PMID- 4057176
TI  - Study of out-of-hours visits to children.
AB  - Out-of-hours calls made to children by an urban practice were studied over a 12
      month period. Out of a total of 1463 out-of-hours visits, 336 were to children,
      of whom 17 were admitted to hospital. The proportion of the out-of-hours calls
      which were to children is less than had been expected. This unexpectedly low
      level of out-of-hours visits to children and the type of conditions encountered
      should be taken into account when planning vocational training programmes.

PMID- 4057177
TI  - Obstructive sleep apnoea.

PMID- 4057178
TI  - Reversibility of the stabilization effect of sodium molybdate on uterine estrogen
      and progesterone receptors of the vervet monkey.
AB  - Sodium molybdate affected the stability of vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops
      pygerythrus) uterine estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors. Yields of
      receptors were invariably higher (20-40%) when cytosols were prepared in the
      presence of 10mM sodium molybdate. No changes were observed in the binding
      affinities for the natural ligands as reflected in dissociation constants.
      Receptor-ligand association at 0 degrees C and 20 degrees C was not affected in
      the presence or absence of molybdate. Stability studies at 37 degrees C indicated
      both receptors to be more resistant to inactivation in the presence of molybdate.
      Dissociation of ER and PR was biphasic, indicating the existence of slow (SDC),
      as well as fast dissociating (FDC) complexes. Rate constants of dissociation were
      significantly affected by the presence of sodium molybdate. Although no
      significant changes in the sedimentation coefficients were observed, marked
      differences in the actual gradient profiles could be illustrated in the presence
      or absence of sodium molybdate. Observed effects could only be partially reversed
      in sedimentation dialysis experiments. Proteolytic inhibitors
      phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF) and leupeptin had no inhibitive effect on the
      molybdate stabilization of ER and PR.

PMID- 4057179
TI  - Change. The 1984 AAGL presidential address.

PMID- 4057180
TI  - Luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome in mild endometriosis. Assessment with
      biochemical parameters.
AB  - Failure to extrude an ovum, with subsequent luteinization of the unruptured
      follicle (LUF), has been proposed as a cause of infertility in women with mild
      endometriosis. To assess the incidence of this process we performed laparoscopies
      in the early luteal phase on 16 women with mild endometriosis and 8 control
      subjects. Peritoneal fluid was aspirated and a plasma sample obtained
      concurrently. Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) concentrations were determined.
      A review of the literature suggested that the following hormonal criteria
      correlated with follicular rupture: fluid E2 greater than or equal to 500 pg/ml,
      E2 fluid/plasma ratio greater than or equal to 3.1, fluid P greater than or equal
      to 3,000 ng/dl and P fluid/plasma ratio greater than or equal to 5:1. All control
      subjects met at least one E2 and one P criterion: 75% met all. In contrast, less
      than one-third with mild endometriosis met all, and three (19%) met none. Five
      met only E2 criteria. These findings suggest that LUF occurs occasionally in
      association with mild endometriosis. Additionally, ovarian steroidogenesis,
      particularly P secretion, was impaired frequently in the absence of LUF in women
      with endometriosis.

PMID- 4057181
TI  - Economic impact of pelviscopic surgery.
AB  - Pelviscopic surgery has been reported to reduce costs and recovery time for
      patients undergoing a variety of procedures, including oophorectomy, salpingo
      oophorectomy, treatment of endometriosis, and removal of adhesions, ovarian cysts
      and tumors. Pelviscopic surgery was performed on 21 patients undergoing
      oophorectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy and ovarian resection. There were no
      complications, and all patients had a rapid return to normal activity. The
      economic impact of pelviscopic surgery was compared with that of conventional
      surgery for patients whose records were matched by diagnosis and procedure. An
      average reduction of 49% in overall hospital costs was observed with pelviscopic
      surgery.

PMID- 4057182
TI  - Radiologic appearance of the upper cervical canal in women with a history of
      premature delivery.
AB  - The aim of this study was to compare the radiologic appearance of the upper
      cervical canal at hysterography between a group of women with a history of
      premature delivery and a control group. A standardized technique was used that
      corrects for the magnification inherent in taking measurements directly from the
      x-ray films. Some women with a history of premature delivery had abnormally wide
      upper cervical canals in the nonpregnant state. Premature labor might not have
      been an acute pregnancy-specific event in those women but might have been a
      reflection of an underlying abnormality.

PMID- 4057183
TI  - Correlation between cervical cytology and biopsy in an air force colposcopy
      clinic.
AB  - We examined 258 patients in the colposcopy clinic at David Grant USAF Medical
      Center from January 1980 to December 1982. Two hundred eleven records (82%) were
      comprehensive enough to be reviewed. Forty-six percent (97 of 211) of the
      original cervical (Papanicolaou) smears showed only atypia. Forty percent (39 of
      97) of them subsequently showed dysplasia on colposcopically directed cervical
      biopsy. When cervical smears were repeated at the initial colposcopy clinic
      visit, 36% (75 of 211) were negative. There were no cases of invasive cervical
      cancer.

PMID- 4057184
TI  - Update on oral contraceptives.

PMID- 4057185
TI  - Whether weather affects arthritis.

PMID- 4057186
TI  - Antimalarial treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: 1985 status.

PMID- 4057187
TI  - Repair function in organ cultured human cartilage. Replacement of enzymatically
      removed proteoglycans during longterm organ culture.
AB  - The effect of enzymatic removal of proteoglycans (PG) from the extracellular
      matrix of human articular cartilage on subsequent PG metabolism of the remaining
      chondrocytes was investigated for periods of up to 12 weeks. Chondrocytes
      resynthesized normally aggregated PG but these macromolecules failed to stabilize
      in the intercellular matrix of the organ cultured explants and consequently
      diffused into the nutrient medium. After being in culture for about 2 months the
      chondrocytes no longer compensated for this PG loss and ceased to synthesize
      these biopolymers. A shift towards hyaluronic acid synthesis--as seen in
      dedifferentiated chondrocyte cultures--was not observed during the culture
      period. In this model some attempts at repair were demonstrated.

PMID- 4057188
TI  - Defective reticuloendothelial system C3b mediated clearance in rheumatoid
      arthritis and vasculitis.
AB  - C3b receptor mediated clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) was
      tested in vivo using autologous C3b coated, technetium labelled erythrocytes in
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and rheumatoid vasculitis. Diminished C3b
      mediated erythrocyte clearance was found in all patients with rheumatoid
      vasculitis and some patients with active RA. Normal C3b mediated clearance was
      found in some patients with previous vasculitis, in remission when tested. These
      results are consistent with the hypothesis that acquired dysfunction of RES C3b
      receptors is implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid vasculitis.

PMID- 4057189
TI  - Comparison of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine use and the development of
      retinal toxicity.
AB  - We assessed the frequency of retinal toxicity in patients receiving either
      chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine and factors which may predict patient
      susceptibility to toxicity. The overall frequency of retinopathy was 6% (7 of 110
      patients). Of the 31 patients receiving chloroquine alone, 6 developed toxicity
      (19%). In contrast, of the 66 patients receiving hydroxychloroquine, none
      developed retinopathy. Retinopathy was associated with greater age and with
      greater accumulative doses of chloroquine. Thus, hydroxychloroquine can be used
      safely with minimal risk of toxicity.

PMID- 4057191
TI  - D-penicillamine in Felty's syndrome.
AB  - We report our experience with 8 patients with Felty's syndrome who were treated
      with D-penicillamine for a mean of one year. Six of the 8 patients experienced
      improvement in their neutropenia. Cutaneous ulcers healed in 4 of 6, while
      recurrent infections cleared in 3 of 5 patients. The drug was withdrawn in 6
      patients--lack of response in one, thrombocytopenia in one, urticaria in one,
      rash in one, and granulocytopenia in 2. One of the latter 2 patients developed
      pancytopenia and died. Although D-penicillamine is effective in treatment of
      Felty's syndrome, its side effects can be serious and potentially lethal. Its use
      should be limited to patients who have failed other treatments.

PMID- 4057190
TI  - High dose intravenous gamma globulin for Felty's syndrome.
AB  - High dose intravenous gamma globulin (IV-IgG) was given to 5 patients with
      Felty's syndrome. The neutrophil count did not change with IV-IgG therapy and no
      side effects were encountered. We conclude that neutropenia in Felty's syndrome
      is not comparable to autoimmune hemocytopenia with respect to the response to IV
      IgG.

PMID- 4057192
TI  - Weather and arthritis symptoms.
AB  - In a one month prospective, double blind study of 70 patients (35 with rheumatoid
      arthritis [RA], 35 with osteoarthritis [OA]), severity of rheumatic symptoms was
      compared to changes in daily weather conditions using a visual analogue scale.
      The majority of patients (62%) believed that various aspects of weather
      aggravated their symptoms. There was no difference in age, sex, diagnosis or
      perceived symptom severity between weather sensitive and weather insensitive
      patients. No significant correlation was found between symptoms of any patient
      group or individual and any of 13 combinations of weather features. These results
      suggest that contrary to the belief of the majority of patients with RA or OA
      external weather conditions do not significantly influence the day-to-day
      symptoms of arthritis.

PMID- 4057193
TI  - Relation between meteorological factors and pain in rheumatoid arthritis in a
      marine climate.
AB  - Reports indicate that weather conditions may affect some symptoms of rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA) but not the disease itself. Eighty-eight patients living in the
      marine climate of the Dutch coastal provinces scored their pain symptoms daily
      during a full year. Correlation analyses of monthly patient averaged pain scores
      against each of 6 weather factors indicated that RA pain associates positively
      and quite significantly (p less than 0.01) with temperature and with vapour
      pressure, negatively and significantly (p less than 0.02) with relative humidity
      and not with any of the other factors. The fact that the relation between the
      temperature/vapour pressure complex and RA pain is stronger in summer than in
      winter is discussed.

PMID- 4057194
TI  - Grading of tenderness as a source of interrater error in the Ritchie articular
      index.
AB  - To assess the effect of grading of tenderness on the interrater reliability of
      the Ritchie articular index (RAI), 3 physicians recorded independent joint scores
      on each of 18 patients, examined in random order. Our results indicate that close
      agreement (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient = 0.85) can be achieved on global
      RAI scores, and that raters can achieve reasonable agreement (kappa = 0.40-0.59)
      on the absolute presence or absence of tenderness of individual joints. By
      contrast, interrater agreement hardly exceeds the chance level (kappa = 0.008
      0.148) when degree of tenderness is independently assessed. The grading system of
      the RAI may thus be implicated as an important source of the instrument's
      interrater error.

PMID- 4057195
TI  - The Raji cell radioimmunoassay in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus:
      clinical significance and relationship to other serologic variables assessed by
      discriminant analysis.
AB  - Our aim was to determine the clinical usefulness of the Raji cell
      radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 30 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
      studied over a 30-month period. Raji RIA correlated positively (p less than
      0.001) with antibodies to dsDNA, anti-Sm, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and
      central nervous system involvement and inversely with the white blood count,
      hematocrit and CH50. There was a lack of correlation (p greater than 0.05)
      between the Raji RIA and cryoglobulins, Clq binding assay, lymphocyte count,
      rheumatoid factor and anti-RNP. Raji RIA values paralleled disease activity in
      50% and were predictive of flares in 17%. By discriminant analysis, the Raji RIA
      could not predict nephritis as well as a variety of routine laboratory tests in
      SLE. The Raji RIA, while helpful in SLE, does not appear to offer any advantage
      over standard assays in monitoring SLE disease activity.

PMID- 4057196
TI  - Defects in pokeweed mitogen (PWM) induced immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis by
      lymphocytes of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - In vitro pokeweed mitogen (PWM) induced immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis by
      lymphocytes of 33 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) was assessed
      and the results were correlated with clinical characteristics and laboratory
      measurements of disease activity. Comparisons with results of lymphocytes from
      adult controls and age related controls, greater than or equal to 12 years,
      showed reduced responses in patients with JRA. Low responders had significantly
      higher sedimentation rates (p = .0052) and platelet counts (p = .033), than
      patients with normal results. No correlations with onset subtype, medications, or
      age were found. These findings suggest a reduction in in vitro PWM induced B cell
      differentiation in patients with JRA, which may be related to disease activity.

PMID- 4057197
TI  - The effect of antiinflammatory drugs on plasma fibronectin.
AB  - When rats were injected with Freund's adjuvant to induce arthritis, systemic
      disease as measured by swelling of the noninjected paw, was paralleled by a 100%
      rise in plasma fibronectin as measured by electroimmunoassay. When arthritic rats
      were given daily oral doses of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID),
      swelling of the noninjected rear paw was significantly less than that of the
      untreated arthritic controls. However, in all cases, plasma fibronectin (Fn)
      levels remained high in drug treated arthritic rats. Whether the NSAID was
      aspirin (100 mg/kg), phenylbutazone (10, 30, or 100 mg/kg) or indomethacin (0.3,
      1 or 3 mg/kg) the pattern remained the same--reduced paw volume and unchanged
      high plasma Fn levels. Fn levels also remained unaltered in normal animals
      treated with drugs alone. Though NSAID diminish inflammation, clinical studies
      have shown that they do not halt disease progression. Our report shows that NSAID
      also fail to alter production of high levels of plasma Fn.

PMID- 4057198
TI  - Idiopathic regional osteoporosis: a clinical spectrum.
AB  - Regional migratory osteoporosis (RMO) and transient osteoporosis of the hip are
      entities characterized by osteopenia of periarticular bone. They are considered
      separate disorders because the clinical setting and pattern of joint involvement
      in each is reportedly different. We have observed 3 patients whose overlapping
      features lead us to believe that rather than being distinct entities, RMO and
      transient osteoporosis may be examples of the same spectrum of disease.

PMID- 4057199
TI  - Heterotopic ossification presenting as arthritis.
AB  - We report 4 patients with arthritis as a presenting manifestation of heterotopic
      ossification. This cause of arthritis has only recently been noted. The synovial
      fluids from all 4 patients showed low leukocyte counts (90, 670, 167 and 500/mm3)
      while the protein concentrations were discordantly high in 3 cases (3.1, 5.3, 4.3
      and 2.6 g/dl, respectively). The mechanism for the relatively elevated synovial
      protein concentration is unknown. These findings may be useful for the early
      diagnosis of heterotopic ossification.

PMID- 4057200
TI  - Pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus: effect of vasodilators on
      pulmonary hemodynamics.
AB  - Hemodynamic studies of the response of the pulmonary vasculature to vasodilator
      drugs were performed in 3 patients with systemic lupus and pulmonary
      hypertension. In one patient isoproterenol infusion produced a reduction in total
      pulmonary resistance, but increased pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary artery
      pressure. No significant change in pulmonary artery pressure or resistance was
      noted with nifedipine in any of the patients. One woman with associated pulmonary
      infiltrates improved symptomatically with high dose steroids.

PMID- 4057201
TI  - Pathologic involvement of the urinary bladder in progressive systemic sclerosis.
AB  - We describe 2 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) who manifested
      characteristic pathologic abnormalities in the urinary bladder. Increased
      connective tissue deposition in the lamina propria and between smooth muscle
      bundles was demonstrated in both patients and endovascular proliferation in small
      arteries of the bladder was noted in one patient. Both patients had persistent
      unexplained microscopic hematuria; one patient manifested urinary frequency and
      incontinence. The relationship of these clinical abnormalities to the pathologic
      findings in the bladder is unclear. Structural or functional abnormalities of the
      urinary bladder may develop in patients with PSS.

PMID- 4057202
TI  - Dermatomyositis-like syndrome caused by trichinae. Report of two cases.
AB  - We report 2 cases of trichinosis in which the clinical features resembled
      dermatomyositis. In both cases, however, the diagnosis was established
      histologically by demonstrating trichina larvae in the patients' muscle biopsies.
      Indirect immunofluorescence and counterimmunoelectrophoresis techniques were used
      to confirm the diagnosis serologically.

PMID- 4057203
TI  - Adult onset Still's disease in the elderly: a report of two cases.
AB  - Two patients with the first symptoms of adult onset Still's disease in their 7th
      decade are reported. In both cases their advanced age was a main reason for a
      prolonged delay in diagnosis. Besides the characteristic fever pattern, rash and
      arthritis, our patients showed other typical features of Still's disease such as
      splenomegaly, pleuritis, pneumonitis, carpal ankylosis and leukocytosis. In
      addition both showed marked hepatic abnormalities which seemed to be due to the
      disease itself in one case and at least in part related to exposure to
      phenylbutazone and diclofenac in the other.

PMID- 4057204
TI  - Gold induced aplastic anemia. Complete response to corticosteroids,
      plasmapheresis, and N-acetylcysteine infusion.
AB  - A 47-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) had been treated with greater
      than 7 g of gold sodium thiomalate over a 5 year period when aplastic anemia
      developed. Treatment with corticosteroids, plasmapheresis and infusion of N
      acetylcysteine (NAC) resulted in complete hematologic remission. Infusion of NAC
      increased daily urinary excretion of gold and use of an ambulatory infusion pump
      with a Hickman catheter allowed protracted outpatient infusion for more than 4
      months' duration. It is now 20 months since the onset of aplastic anemia and she
      remains in complete hematologic remission.

PMID- 4057205
TI  - Digital necrosis: a paraneoplastic syndrome.
AB  - We describe a 62-year-old man who presented with digital necrosis as part of a
      clinical picture which resembled Wegener's granulomatosis. However, an open lung
      biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma of the lung. To our knowledge he is only the 5th
      reported patient with lung cancer presenting with digital necrosis. The unusual
      association of digital necrosis and internal malignancy is discussed.

PMID- 4057206
TI  - Septic arthritis involving the manubriosternal joint.
AB  - Infection of the manubriosternal joint is an exceedingly rare event. We report a
      case of a 38-year-old patient with systemic lupus erythematosus who developed
      staphylococcal septic arthritis of this joint after bacteremia. Pathogenic
      factors are discussed. Physicians should be aware of this unusual complication of
      staphylococcal bacteremia.

PMID- 4057207
TI  - Clinical and scintigraphic evaluation of corticosteroid treatment in a case of
      progressive diaphyseal dysplasia.
AB  - A case of progressive diaphyseal dysplasia (Engelmann's disease) is described in
      a 23-year old woman. The disease is characterized by limb pain, muscular wasting,
      a waddling gait and easy fatiguability. It is diagnosed radiologically by
      cortical thickening, a narrowed medullary cavity, and increased diameter of the
      diaphyses of the long bones. The extension of the bone lesions was evaluated by
      scintigraphy using 99mTc methylene diphosphonate (MDP) and 99mTc colloids.
      Corticosteroid treatment resulted in clinical improvement and reduction of the
      diaphyseal uptake of MDP and colloids.

PMID- 4057208
TI  - Large vessel arteritis after prolonged remission of polymyalgia rheumatica.

PMID- 4057209
TI  - Longterm remission in seropositive juvenile polyarthritis after intravenous
      methylprednisolone.

PMID- 4057210
TI  - Lupus disease activity associated with menstrual cycle.

PMID- 4057211
TI  - Behcet's disease with pseudochylothorax.

PMID- 4057212
TI  - The association of retroperitoneal fibrosis and ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 4057213
TI  - Adequately informed consent.

PMID- 4057214
TI  - Professions as the conscience of society.
AB  - Ethics is no less of a science than any other. It has its roots in conflicts of
      interest between human beings, and in their conflicting urges to behave either
      selfishly or altruistically. Resolving such conflicts leads to the specification
      of rules of conduct, often expressed in terms of rights and duties. In the
      special case of professional ethics, the paramount rule of conduct is altruism in
      the service of a 'noble' cause, and this distinguishes true professions from
      other trades or occupations. If professional ethics come into conflict with
      national laws, the professional today can test the legitimacy of such laws by
      reference to internationally agreed legal standards in the field of human rights,
      and so help to perform the role of 'professions as the conscience of society'.

PMID- 4057215
TI  - Taking blood from children causes no more than minimal harm.
AB  - The ethical question of whether taking blood from normal children for research
      purposes is justified, is determined in part at least, by whether or not the
      children are harmed. To try to assess the risks, the effects of venepuncture on a
      group of healthy subjects were studied, by means of a parental questionnaire
      completed approximately eighteen months after the venepuncture had taken place.
      Ninety-two healthy children aged between 6 and 8 had a blood sample taken for non
      therapeutic reasons as part of a research study. Questionnaire responses reveal
      few negative effects, and in some cases positive effects.

PMID- 4057216
TI  - Psychiatric diagnosis as an ethical problem.
AB  - Psychiatrists diagnose mental illness in patients against a climate of opinion in
      which the value of diagnosis is questioned and non-medical formulations of the
      problems of psychiatric patients are put forward. Nevertheless the classic
      diagnostic terminology shows no sign of disappearing. The patients may find that
      a psychiatric diagnostic label is a stigma and has bad consequences. They may
      also object to standard methods of treatment. Given this situation the right of
      the patient to a full explanation of the diagnosis and the rationale of the
      treatment offered seems to be incontrovertible. If this information were given to
      patients it would, in addition, help them to make sense out of their often
      puzzling experiences and indicate that fellow sufferers existed.

PMID- 4057217
TI  - Medical negligence: who sets the standard?
AB  - 'The law imposes the duty of care: but the standard of care is a matter of
      medical judgment'. So says Lord Scarman, outlining the hitherto accepted 'Bolam'
      standard, in his recent speech in the House of Lords decision of Sidaway v
      Bethlem Royal Hospital, reflecting earlier judicial dicta suggesting that it is
      for the medical profession rather than the courts to determine whether or not a
      medical practitioner has achieved the required standard of care (1). It is
      suggested here that this concept is bad in principle, and that the weight of
      judicial authority is against it.

PMID- 4057218
TI  - Child abuse and neglect: ethical issues.
AB  - Children may be abused physically, sexually, emotionally and by omission or
      commission in any permutation under these headings. This is discussed in terms of
      the separate and overlapping responsibilities of parents, guardians, the
      community in which they live and the network of professional services developed
      to care for, protect and educate children. An attempt is made to place these
      issues within an ethical framework, with regard to the legislature of England and
      Wales. It is argued that professionals working within this field have an
      obligation either to keep up to date in respect of a large and growing body of
      research and practice knowledge or to consult 'experts' within the field when
      making complex and far-reaching decisions on behalf of abused children and their
      families. A representative, inevitably incomplete, bibliography is discussed and
      appended and there is brief reference to the role of expert witnesses concerning
      children involved in civil legal proceedings.

PMID- 4057219
TI  - Quality of life--a response to K C Calman.
AB  - There is no technical language with which to speak of patients' quality of life,
      there are no standard measures and no authority to validate criteria of
      measurement. It is well known that 'professionals' tend, often for institutional
      reasons, to play down or undervalue factors which are not defined by their
      particular expertise. It is fortunate that, despite this tendency, there is a
      growing interest in broadening the evaluation of medical care, but there is still
      a need to clarify what is at issue in considerations of quality of life. This
      article examines the strengths and weaknesses of one approach to assessing
      quality of life, and sketches out the implications for anyone concerned to
      establish a framework within which both medical and non-medical objectives of
      care can be taken into account.

PMID- 4057220
TI  - Interests.

PMID- 4057221
TI  - Case conference. A father says, "Don't tell my son the truth".

PMID- 4057222
TI  - Murder into manslaughter.

PMID- 4057223
TI  - Interpersonal conflicts involving students in clinical medical education.
AB  - Fourth-year medical students at the four training sites of the University of
      Illinois College of Medicine were surveyed as to the frequency and difficulty of
      99 interpersonal conflict situations that had been identified by their peers,
      supervisors, and coworkers. The situations were classified by the authors into
      two types, those requiring assertiveness skills and those requiring
      aggressiveness skills. A majority of the conflict situations involved students
      interacting with authorities (mostly residents and attending physicians), and
      three-quarters were of the aggressive type. The students reported the least
      difficulty with assertive-type conflict situations that involved peers and with
      aggressive-type conflict situations that involved nurses. Students at the Chicago
      campus reported more problems than those at the smaller, regional sites. The only
      significant difference between men and women students was that the women reported
      more occurrences than the men of aggressive-type conflict situations involving
      nurses.

PMID- 4057224
TI  - Occupational stress, personal strain, and coping among residents and faculty
      members.
AB  - Differences in ratings by 155 individuals at four levels of medical experience
      (faculty members and first-, second-, and third-year residents) on measures of
      occupational stress, personal strain, and availability of coping resources were
      examined. Multivariate and univariate analyses of data indicated significant
      differences in the measures among the experience levels. Measures of the
      availability of coping resources reflected the major source of differences, with
      the first-year residents reporting significantly fewer overall coping resources
      than faculty members. No significant differences were detected among the four
      groups on overall measures of occupational stress and personal strain. There were
      differences between first-year residents and faculty members on the subscales
      measuring physical environment stress, physical strain, recreation, and self
      care. The findings suggest that residency education interferes with first-year
      residents' abilities to cope and places their physical well-being at risk. The
      findings support the need for residents to employ coping strategies during the
      residency years and provide empirical guidance regarding the kind of coping
      strategies needed.

PMID- 4057225
TI  - Increasing physicians' and nurses' compliance with treatment guidelines in cancer
      care program.
AB  - Three community hospitals in Toledo, Ohio, formed a consortium with the common
      goal of improving the quality of cancer care in the community. Procedural
      guidelines were established for physicians, nurses, and allied health
      professionals to use in the diagnosis and treatment of 19 types of cancer. In
      this paper, the authors report the effect of the use of the guidelines on the
      care of patients with breast, colon, and non-small-cell lung cancers. Audits of
      patient records revealed an increase over time in the percentage of recommended
      cancer care procedures that were complied with. Factors that may have contributed
      to this success included the hospitals' commitments to the program at the
      professional and administrative levels, the ready availability of the guidelines
      during the treatment process, and a mandatory component requiring documented
      classification of the stage of the cancer.

PMID- 4057226
TI  - A seminar in 'Plain Doctoring'.
AB  - Plain Doctoring is an elective, preclinical seminar on the phenomenology of the
      patient and the physician. Home visits by students serve as the major text for
      examining the patient's experience of illness and treatment and for reflecting on
      the process of attending to patients. Readings in the humanities complement the
      house calls. The students, the patients, and the seminar instructors have all
      commented favorably on the seminar.

PMID- 4057227
TI  - Analysis of publication output of internal medicine faculty members.
AB  - The number of publications per year produced by a department of internal medicine
      faculty is analyzed. The output of the younger faculty members (40 years or less)
      averaged 1.4 publications a year, and the annual output of the older faculty
      (over 40 years) averaged 2.3 publications (p less than 0.05). The site of their
      primary clinical responsibilities did not significantly affect their publication
      productivity. In all subspecialty sections, the output of older faculty members
      correlated well with that of younger faculty members (p less than 0.005). The
      productivity of section chiefs correlated well with the productivity of younger
      faculty members in their respective sections (p less than 0.001). Younger faculty
      members who later entered private practice had a lower (p less than 0.02)
      publication output than those who left for another academic position. The output
      of faculty members is related to the age of the faculty members, overall
      sectional productivity, and productivity of the section chief.

PMID- 4057228
TI  - Emergency room practice among family physicians.
AB  - An attempt was made to determine the extent to which physicians trained and
      certified in family medicine are involved in emergency medicine. An 18-item, self
      report questionnaire was mailed to 73 graduates of a family practice residency
      program to obtain information on their practices, their professional and
      emergency medicine experiences, and their attitudes toward the practice of
      emergency medicine by family practitioners. Ten percent of the 60 responding
      physicians were currently involved in full-time emergency medicine in either
      emergency rooms or minor emergency clinics. Twenty-eight percent of the
      respondents were currently practicing emergency medicine on either a part-time or
      sporadic basis. Supplemental income was cited the most often as a reason for
      becoming involved in emergency medicine. Only variables related to the
      physicians' attitudes discriminated between those who were practicing emergency
      medicine and those who were not.

PMID- 4057229
TI  - Students' and physicians' evaluations of gynecologic teaching associate program.
AB  - Gynecologic teaching associates (GTAs) taught third-year medical students to
      perform physical examination of the female pelvis and breasts. Evaluations by the
      students of this teaching method and assessment by the GTAs of student problems
      with the examinations were obtained from questionnaires completed immediately
      after the single three-hour teaching sessions. A follow-up questionnaire was sent
      to the program's first-year participants. Items were rated on a scale of 1
      (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The GTAs found student problems in 30
      percent of the encounters. The students gave high ratings to the learning
      experience. The graduates strongly agreed that the program should be continued
      (4.21) and felt that the program most improved their ability to perform the
      pelvic examination (4.15).

PMID- 4057230
TI  - A course for senior medical students in the responsibilities of medical practice.

PMID- 4057231
TI  - Expertise, efficiency, and the construct validity of patient management problems.

PMID- 4057232
TI  - Integration of the social and behavioral sciences into the core medicine
      clerkship.

PMID- 4057233
TI  - Expansion of the modified essay question into an audiovisual format.

PMID- 4057234
TI  - A survey of 10 psychiatry residency training programs on procedures for
      evaluating residents.

PMID- 4057235
TI  - Teaching students to show their worth as physicians.

PMID- 4057236
TI  - Use of NBME examinations.

PMID- 4057237
TI  - Training hospital clergymen.

PMID- 4057238
TI  - Comparative effects of khellin and timefurone on serum parameters in normal male
      cynomolgus monkeys.
AB  - Timefurone and khellin (10 mg/kg/day, gavage, 14 days) significantly lowered low
      density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total
      cholesterol. Khellin-induced changes were significantly greater than those
      induced by timefurone. Neither drug altered body weights or clinical chemistry
      parameters. Monkeys treated with khellin, however, exhibited elevated levels of
      very low density lipoprotein cholesterol and marked emesis, while no changes were
      observed with timefurone. On the basis of these data, timefurone has a better
      therapeutic ratio and further study with this promising drug appears warranted.

PMID- 4057239
TI  - Body water content and distribution in nonpregnant adult female baboons.
AB  - Water contents of the various body water compartments were estimated in 16
      nonpregnant adult female baboons and compared to human data. Total body water,
      extracellular water, and plasma volumes were determined by dilution studies.
      Intracellular water, interstitial water, blood volume, and red cell volume were
      calculated. The data were compatible with the finding that baboon females
      probably have less body fat than their human counterparts. Our data establish a
      basis for longitudinal studies of the changes in body water content and
      distribution during normal and pathological pregnancies.

PMID- 4057240
TI  - Temperature changes suggestive of hot flushes in rhesus monkeys: preliminary
      observations.
AB  - To determine if changes in skin temperature known to accompany hot flushes in
      women also occur in monkeys, temperature recordings were made in three adult
      rhesus monkeys before and after ovariectomy and in one postmenopausal female.
      Increases occurred especially on the skin of the ear pinna, with greater
      frequency following ovariectomy. This animal model may be suitable to investigate
      the mechanism which causes hot flushes in women.

PMID- 4057241
TI  - Concanavalin a capping of rhesus monkey polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - The technique of capping, a probe designed to evaluate the fluidity and
      functional competence of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), has been
      successfully adapted for rhesus monkey PMNs. The capping characteristics of
      rhesus monkey PMNs are very similar to those of human PMNs. Utilizing this
      capping technique as an evaluation tool and with fetal/neonatal rhesus monkey as
      a functional animal model, the ontogeny of movement and chemotactic
      characteristics of PMNs can now be studied.

PMID- 4057242
TI  - Substrate specificity of the intestinal brush-border proline/sodium (IMINO)
      transporter.
AB  - L-proline uptake via the intestinal brush-border IMINO carrier was tested for
      inhibition by 41 compounds which included sugars, N-methylated, alpha-, beta-,
      gamma- and epsilon- amino and imino acids, and heterocyclic analogs of
      pyrrolidine, piperidine and pyridine. Based on competitive inhibitor constants
      (apparent Ki' 's) we find that the IMINO carrier binding site interacts with
      molecules which possess a well-defined set of structural prerequisites. The ideal
      inhibitor must 1) be a heterocyclic nitrogen ring, 2) have a hydrophobic region,
      3) be the L-stereoisomer of 4) an electronegative carbonyl group which is 5)
      separated by a one-carbon atom spacer from 6) an electropositive tetrahedral
      imino nitrogen with two H atoms. Finally, 7) the inhibitor conformation
      determined by dynamic ring puckering must position all these features within a
      critical domain. The two best inhibitors are L-pipecolate (apparent Ki' 0.2 mM)
      and L-proline (apparent Ki' 0.3 mM).

PMID- 4057243
TI  - Melittin lysis of red cells.
AB  - This paper describes experiments designed to explore interactions between human
      red blood cell membranes and melittin, the main component of bee venom. We found
      that melittin binds to human red cell membranes suspended in isotonic NaCl at
      room temperature, with an apparent dissociation constant of 3 X 10(-8) M and
      maximum binding capacity of 1.8 X 10(7) molecules/cell. When about 1% of the
      melittin binding sites are occupied, cell lysis can be observed, and progressive,
      further increases in the fraction of the total sites occupied lead to
      progressively greater lysis in a graded manner. 50% lysis occurs when there are
      about 2 X 10(6) molecules bound to the cell membrane. For any particular extent
      of melittin binding, lysis proceeds rapidly during the first few minutes but then
      slows and stops so that no further lysis occurs after one hour of exposure of
      cells to melittin. The graded lysis of erythrocytes by melittin is due to
      complete lysis of some of the cells, since both the density and the hemoglobin
      content of surviving, intact cells in a suspension that has undergone graded
      melittin lysis are similar to the values observed in the same cells prior to the
      addition of melittin. The cells surviving graded melittin lysis have an increased
      Na and reduced K, proportional to the extent of occupation of the melittin
      binding sites. Like lysis, Na accumulation and K loss proceed rapidly during the
      first few minutes of exposure to melittin but then stops so that Na, K and
      hemoglobin content of the cells remain constant after the first hour. These
      kinetic characteristics of both lysis and cation movements suggest that melittin
      modifies the permeability of the red cell membrane only for the first few minutes
      after the start of the interaction. Direct observation of cells by Nomarsky
      optics revealed that they crenate, become swollen and lyse within 10 to 30 sec
      after these changes in morphology are first seen. Taken together, these results
      are consistent with the idea that melittin produces lysis of human red cells at
      room temperature by a colloid osmotic mechanism.

PMID- 4057244
TI  - Radiological seminar CCXLIII: CT examination in acute and complicated
      appendicitis.

PMID- 4057245
TI  - The malpractice situation: historical background and present status.

PMID- 4057246
TI  - Structural relationship of human interferon alpha genes and pseudogenes.
AB  - We have isolated and characterized DNA segments containing IFN-alpha-related
      sequences from human lambda and cosmid clone banks. We describe six linkage
      groups comprising 18 distinct IFN-alpha-related loci, and report the nucleotide
      sequences of nine chromosomal IFN-alpha-genes with intact reading frames, as well
      as of five pseudogenes. Taking into account as yet unsequenced genes as well as
      clones described by others, there are now seven linkage groups and 23 loci, of
      which 15 correspond to potentially functional genes and six to non-functional
      genes; two loci remain unsequenced. Eighteen additional sequences are likely to
      be allelic to the above. The finding that at least two IFN-alpha genes appear to
      be natural hybrids of other IFN-alpha genes, and that two distinct IFN-alpha loci
      have completely identical coding sequences, although their flanking regions are
      different, is evidence for information exchange between the individual genes.

PMID- 4057247
TI  - Complete structure of the hamster alpha A crystallin gene. Reflection of an
      evolutionary history by means of exon shuffling.
AB  - The eye lens contains a structural protein, alpha crystallin, composed of two
      homologous primary gene products alpha A2 and alpha B2. In certain rodents, still
      another alpha crystallin polypeptide, alpha AIns, occurs, which is identical to
      alpha A2 except that it contains an insertion peptide between residues 63 and 64.
      In this paper we describe the complete alpha A crystallin gene that has been
      cloned from DNA isolated from Syrian golden hamster. Evidence is provided that
      the alpha A gene is present as a single copy in the hamster genome. The detailed
      organization of the gene has been established by means of DNA sequence analysis
      and S1 nuclease mapping, revealing that the gene consists of four exons. The
      first exon contains the information for the 68 base-pair long 5' non-coding
      region as well as the coding information for the first 63 amino acids. The second
      exon encodes the 23 amino acid insertion sequence, the third exon codes for amino
      acid 87 to 127 of the alpha AIns chain, whereas the last exon encodes the C
      terminal 69 amino acids and contains the information for the 523 base-pair long
      3' non-coding region. The second exon is bordered by a 3' splice junction (A X
      G/G X C), which deviates from the consensus for donor splice sites (A X G/G X T).
      This deviation is found in both hamster and mouse. An internal duplication was
      detected in the first exon by using a DIAGON-generated matrix for comparison. By
      means of similar DIAGON-generated matrices it was confirmed that the amino acids
      coded for by the third and fourth exons are homologous to the small heat-shock
      proteins of Drosophila, Caenorhabditis and soyabean. The implications of the
      differential splicing and the evolutionary aspects of the detected homologies are
      discussed.

PMID- 4057248
TI  - Intermediates in homologous pairing promoted by recA protein. Isolation and
      characterization of active presynaptic complexes.
AB  - recA protein promotes homologous pairing and strand exchange by an ordered
      reaction in which the protein first polymerizes on single-stranded DNA. This
      presynaptic intermediate, which can be formed either in the presence or absence
      of Escherichia coli single-stranded binding protein (SSB), has been isolated by
      gel filtration and characterized. At saturation, purified complexes contained one
      molecule of recA protein per 3.6 nucleotide residues of single-stranded DNA.
      Complexes that had been formed in the presence of SSB contained up to one
      molecule of SSB per 15 nucleotide residues, but the content of SSB in different
      preparations of isolated complexes appeared to be inversely related to the
      content of recA protein. Even when they have lost as much as a third of their
      recA protein, presynaptic complexes can retain activity, because the formation of
      stable joint molecules depends principally on the binding of recA protein to the
      single-stranded DNA in the localized region that corresponds to the end of the
      duplex substrate.

PMID- 4057249
TI  - Tubulin domains probed by limited proteolysis and subunit-specific antibodies.
AB  - The substructure of the tubulin molecule was studied by limited proteolysis and
      high affinity polyclonal antibodies specific for alpha or beta-tubulin. Brief
      enzymatic cleavage separates the tubulin monomer into two domains of unequal
      size. Trypsin splits alpha-tubulin into components with Mr values of 36 X 10(3)
      and 14 X 10(3), chymotrypsin splits beta-tubulin into 31 X 10(3) Mr and 20 X
      10(3) Mr fragments. The cleavage occurs at Arg339 (alpha) and Tyr281 (beta), as
      determined by sequencing several N-terminal residues of the small domains, i.e.
      the small domains are the C-terminal parts of the molecules, the large ones are
      the N-terminal parts. There is a second cleavage site of chymotrypsin within Mr
      10(3) to 2 X 10(3) of the C terminus of beta-tubulin. The fragments can be
      separated only under denaturing conditions. They copolymerize into microtubules
      and incomplete microtubule walls joined by a wall junction, forming S-shapes and
      hooks in cross-section. The antibodies were raised against electrophoretically
      purified tubulin monomers. Those produced with alpha-tubulin are directed
      predominantly against the large domains; they are either specific for alpha
      tubulin or cross-react with the large domain of beta-tubulin. Conversely,
      antibodies raised against beta-tubulin are directed predominantly against the
      small domains (beta-specific and beta-cross-reacting fractions). Thus the
      antibodies discriminate not only between the tubulin chains but also between the
      domains generated by the proteases. The complementary antigenicity correlates
      well with the stability of the domains. Potential sites of antigenic determinants
      are located within the polypeptide chains by comparing theoretical predictions
      with the pattern of immunoblots. Two epitopes of the alpha-cross-reacting
      antibodies have been located approximately. One is very close to the C terminus
      (within about 20 residues), the other is close to the N terminus (within about Mr
      8 X 10(3) ). The epitope of the beta-cross-reacting antibody is also located
      within Mr 12 X 10(3) of the C terminus. The antibodies prevent microtubule
      assembly and cause disassembly of preformed microtubules. A variety of breakdown
      products are observed by electron microscopy. They include fibres of about 10 nm
      width, sheets with undefined substructure, thick tapered fibrous bundles and
      wispy filaments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4057250
TI  - Primary organization of nucleosomes. Interaction of non-histone high mobility
      group proteins 14 and 17 with nucleosomes, as revealed by DNA-protein
      crosslinking and immunoaffinity isolation.
AB  - The binding sites for histones and high mobility group proteins (HMG) 14 and 17
      have been located on DNA in the nucleosomal cores and H1/H5-containing
      nucleosomes. The nucleosomes were specifically associated with two molecules of
      the non-histone proteins HMG 14 and/or HMG 17 when followed by DNA-protein
      crosslinking and immunoaffinity isolation of the crosslinked HMG-DNA complexes.
      HMGs 14 and 17 were shown to be crosslinked in a similar manner to each core DNA
      strand at four sites: to both 3' and 5' DNA ends and also at distances of about
      25 and 125 nucleotides from the 5' termini of the DNA. These sites are designated
      as HMG(143), (0), (25) and (125). The site HMG(125) is located at the place where
      no significant histone-DNA crosslinking was observed. The HMG(125) and HMG(25)
      sites lie opposite one another on the complementary DNA strands across the minor
      DNA groove and are placed, similarly to histones, on the inner side of the DNA
      superhelix in the nucleosome. The crosslinking of HMG 17 to the 3' ends of the
      DNA is much weaker than that of HMG 14. These data indicate that each of two
      molecules of HMG 14 and/or HMG 17 is bound to the double-stranded core DNA at two
      discrete sites: to the 3' and 5' ends of the DNA and at a distance of 20 to 25
      base-pairs from each DNA terminus inside the nucleosome on a histone-free DNA
      region. Binding of HMG 14 or 17 does not induce any detectable rearrangement of
      histones on DNA and both HMGs seem to choose the same sites for attachment in
      nucleosomal cores and H1/H5-containing nucleosomes.

PMID- 4057251
TI  - Crystallization of the Arc repressor.
AB  - Arc, a repressor from Salmonella phage P22 has been crystallized from ammonium
      phosphate at pH 8.0. The crystals form in space group P212121 with a = 90.26 A, b
      = 52.88 A and c = 47.58 A. The crystals diffract to 2.2 A resolution.

PMID- 4057252
TI  - Presence of nuclear associated plasmids in the lower eukaryote Dictyostelium
      discoideum.
AB  - High copy number plasmids have been identified in six out of 25 wild-type strains
      of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, a model organism in
      developmental biology (Loomis, 1982). The characterization of three plasmids,
      from the NC4 (Ddp1), WS380B (Ddp2) and OHIO (Ddp3) wild isolates, is presented
      here. We show that they are nuclear associated and non-homologous to the
      mitochondrial DNA and extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA.

PMID- 4057253
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of polyamine binding to a defined DNA
      sequence.
AB  - The binding of spermine to the self-complementary DNA sequence d(C-G-C-G-A-A-T-T
      C-G-C-G) has been studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Free
      spermine gives narrow resonance lines and positive nuclear overhauser effects are
      observed between the spermine protons, as expected for a small molecule rotating
      freely in solution. In the spermine-DNA complex, there was no broadening of the
      spermine spectrum and very weak positive nuclear overhauser effects were
      observed, indicating that the spermine still has a remarkably short rotational
      correlation time. Spermine induced no changes in the DNA spectrum beyond those
      found upon addition of other salts. Although spermine interacts with DNA with a
      binding constant of approximately 10(6) at the low ionic strength under which
      these experiments were performed, it appears that the nature of the complex and
      the lifetime of the ligand on the DNA are such that the mobility of the spermine
      molecule is effectively independent of that of the DNA molecule.

PMID- 4057254
TI  - Sequence organization and control of transcription in the bacteriophage T4 tRNA
      region.
AB  - Bacteriophage T4 contains genes for eight transfer RNAs and two stable RNAs of
      unknown function. These are found in two clusters at 70 X 10(3) base-pairs on the
      T4 genetic map. To understand the control of transcription in this region we have
      completed the sequencing of 5000 base-pairs in this region. The sequence contains
      a part of gene 3, gene 1, gene 57, internal protein I, the tRNA genes and five
      open reading frames which most likely code for heretofore unidentified proteins.
      We have used subclones of the region to investigate the kinetics of transcription
      in vivo. The results show that transcription in this region consists of
      overlapping early, middle and late transcripts. Transcription is directed from
      two early promoters, one or two middle promoters and perhaps two late promoters.
      This region contains all of the features that are seen in T4 transcription and as
      such is a good place to study the phenomenon in more detail.

PMID- 4057255
TI  - DNA packaging of bacteriophage T4 proheads in vitro. Evidence that prohead
      expansion is not coupled to DNA packaging.
AB  - We developed a system for DNA packaging of isolated bacteriophage T4 proheads in
      vitro and studied the role of prohead expansion in DNA packaging. Biologically
      active proheads have been purified from a number of packaging-deficient mutant
      extracts. The cleaved mature prohead is the active structural precursor for the
      DNA packaging reaction. Packaging of proheads requires ATP, Mg2+ and spermidine,
      and is stimulated by polyethylene glycol and dextran. Predominantly expanded
      proheads (ELPs) are produced at 37 degrees C and predominantly unexpanded
      proheads (ESPs) are produced at 20 degrees C. Both the expanded and unexpanded
      proheads are active in DNA packaging in vitro. This is based on the observations
      that (1) both ESPs and ELPs purified by chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel showed
      DNA packaging activity; (2) apparently homogeneous ELPs prepared by treatment
      with sodium dodecyl sulfate (which dissociates ESPs) retained significant
      biological activity; (3) specific precipitation of ELPs with anti-hoc
      immunoglobulin G resulted in loss of DNA packaging activity; and (4) ESPs upon
      expansion in vitro to ELPs retained packaging activity. Therefore, contrary to
      the models that couple DNA packaging to head expansion, in T4 the expansion and
      packaging appear to be independent, since the already expanded DNA-free proheads
      can be packaged in vitro. We therefore propose that the unexpanded to expanded
      prohead transition has evolved to stabilize the capsid and to reorganize the
      prohead shell functionally from a core-interacting to a DNA-interacting inner
      surface.

PMID- 4057257
TI  - Bovine chymotrypsinogen A X-ray crystal structure analysis and refinement of a
      new crystal form at 1.8 A resolution.
AB  - The X-ray structure of a new crystal form of chymotrypsinogen A grown from
      ethanol/water has been determined at 1.8 A resolution using Patterson search
      techniques. The crystals are of orthorhombic space group P212121 and contain two
      molecules in the asymmetric unit. Both independent molecules (referred to as A
      and B) have been crystallographically refined to a final R value of 0.173 with
      reflection data to 1.8 A resolution. Owing to different crystal contacts, both
      independent molecules show at various sites conformational differences,
      especially in segments 33-38, 142-153 and 215-222. If these three loops are
      omitted in a comparison, the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) deviation of the main
      chain atoms of molecules A and B is 0.32 A. If segments 70-79, 143-152 and 215
      221 are omitted, a comparison of either molecule A or molecule B with the
      chymotrypsinogen model of Freer et al. (1970) reveals an r.m.s. deviation of the
      alpha-carbon atoms of about 0.7 A. Compared with the active enzyme, four
      spatially adjacent peptide segments, in particular, are differently organized in
      the zymogen: the amino-terminal segment 11-19 runs in a rigid but strained
      conformation along the molecular surface due to the covalent linkage through
      Cys1; also segment 184-194 is in a rigid unique conformation due to several
      mutually stabilizing interactions with the amino-terminal segment; segment 216
      222, which also lines the specificity pocket, adapts to different crystal
      contacts and exists in both chymotrypsinogen molecules in different, but defined
      conformations; in particular, disulfide bridge 191-220, which covalently links
      both latter segments, has opposite handedness in molecules A and B; finally, the
      autolysis loop 142 to 153 is organized in a variety of ways and in its terminal
      part is completely disordered. Thus, the allosteric activation domain (Huber &
      Bode, 1978) is organized in defined although different conformations in
      chymotrypsinogen molecules A and B, in contrast to trypsinogen, where all four
      homologous segments of the activation domain are disordered. This reflects the
      structural variability and deformability of the activation domain in serine
      proteinase proenzymes. If the aforementioned peptide segments are omitted, a
      comparison of our chymotrypsinogen models with gamma-chymotrypsin (Cohen et al.,
      1981) yields an r.m.s. deviation for alpha-carbon atoms of about 0.5 A. The
      residues of the "active site triad" are arranged similarly, but the oxyanion hole
      is lacking in chymotrypsinogen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4057256
TI  - Dimer ribbons in the three-dimensional structure of sarcoplasmic reticulum.
AB  - The three-dimensional structure of scallop sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes has
      been determined from electron micrographs of two classes of stain-filled tubules
      by helical reconstruction methods. These structures are characterized by dimer
      ribbons of Ca2+-ATPase molecules running diagonally around the tube wall. Deep
      right-handed grooves separate the ribbons. The elongated, curved units of the
      dimer (approximately 95 A long in the radial direction; 60 to 70 A axially, and
      about 30 A wide) are displaced axially by approximately 34 A and are connected at
      their outer ends by a bridge running nearly parallel to the tube axis. The
      monomers make a second contact at their inner ends. Adjacent units with the same
      orientation form a strong contact that is responsible for the ribbon appearance.
      Comparison of tubules of different diameter shows that one set of connections
      between the dimer ribbons is conserved: the inner ends of axially displaced
      dimers appear to make contact along a left-handed path almost perpendicular to
      the major grooves. The lipid bilayer cannot be clearly identified. The two
      dimensional map obtained from flattened tubules is consistent with the three
      dimensional reconstruction in showing dimer ribbons connected by a weak contact
      across the grooves, strongly resembling the inter-dimer bond observed in three
      dimensions. The two-dimensional map shows a 2-fold axis relating units of the
      dimer, but the three-dimensional tubes show a slight axial polarity that may
      arise from the presence of proteins other than the Ca2+-ATPase.

PMID- 4057258
TI  - Affinity of hemoglobin for the cytoplasmic fragment of human erythrocyte membrane
      band 3. Equilibrium measurements at physiological pH using matrix-bound proteins:
      the effects of ionic strength, deoxygenation and of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate.
AB  - The cytoplasmic fragment of band 3 protein isolated from the human erythrocyte
      membrane was linked to a CNBr-activated Sepharose matrix in an attempt to
      measure, in batch experiments, its equilibrium binding constant with oxy- and
      deoxyhemoglobin at physiological pH and ionic strength values and in the presence
      or the absence of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. All the experiments were done at pH
      7.2, and equilibrium constants were computed on the basis of one hemoglobin
      tetramer bound per monomer of fragment. In 10 mM-phosphate buffer, a dissociation
      constant KD = 2 X 10(-4)M was measured for oxyhemoglobin and was shown to
      increase to 8 X 10(-4)M in the presence of 50 mM-NaCl. Association could not be
      demonstrated at higher salt concentrations. Diphosphoglycerate-stripped
      deoxyhemoglobin was shown to associate more strongly with the cytoplasmic
      fragment of band 3. In 10 mM-bis-Tris (pH 7.2) and in the presence of 120 mM
      NaCl, a dissociation constant KD = 4 X 10(-4)M was measured. Upon addition of
      increasing amounts of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, the complex formed between
      deoxyhemoglobin and the cytoplasmic fragment of band 3 was dissociated. On the
      reasonable assumption that the hemoglobin binding site present on band 3 fragment
      was not modified upon linking the protein to the Sepharose matrix, the results
      indicated that diphosphoglycerate-stripped deoxyhemoglobin or partially liganded
      hemoglobin tetramers in the T state could bind band 3 inside the intact human red
      blood cell.

PMID- 4057259
TI  - Improved free energies for G.C base-pairs.
AB  - Thermodynamic parameters of helix formation are reported for seven
      oligoribonucleotides containing only G.C pairs. These data are used with the
      nearest-neighbor model to calculate enthalpies and free energies of base-pair
      formation for G.C pairs. For helix initiation, the free energy change at 37
      degrees C, delta G(0)37, is +3.9 kcal/mol; for helix propagation, the delta
      G(0)37 values are -2.3, -3.2 and -3.3 kcal/mol for C-G, G-G and G-C neighbors,
      respectively.

PMID- 4057260
TI  - The trophotaenial placenta of a viviparous goodeid fish. I. Ultrastructure of the
      internal ovarian epithelium, the maternal component.
AB  - Embryos of goodeid fishes develop to term within the ovarian lumen, where they
      undergo considerable increase in weight due to transfer of maternal nutrients
      across a trophotaenial placenta. The placenta consists of an embryonic component,
      the trophotaeniae, and a maternal component, the ovarian lining. The latter was
      examined by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and
      light microscopy in both gravid and nongravid ovaries of the viviparous goodeid
      fish, Ameca splendens. The single median ovary of A. splendens is a hollow
      structure whose lumen is divided into lateral chambers by a highly folded
      longitudinal ovarian septum. Germinal tissue occurs within folds of the ovarian
      lining that extend into each of the two lateral chambers. Matrotrophic embryonic
      development takes place within ovarian chambers. During gestation, the lining of
      the ovarian lumen is in direct apposition to body surfaces and trophotaenial
      epithelia of developing embryos. The ovarian lining consists of a simple cuboidal
      epithelium, termed the internal ovarian epithelium (IOE), overlying a well
      vascularized bed of connective tissue. Cells of the IOE are apically convex. Well
      developed granular and agranular endoplasmic reticula and numerous large membrane
      bound vesicles with electron-dense content occupy the apical cytoplasm of IOE
      cells. Two functional states of the same cell type are distinguished within the
      IOE. Phase I cells contain few, if any, large apically situated vesicles; Phase
      II cells contain many. Secretory products of the IOE are presumed to be an
      important source of nutrients for embryonic development. Structural and
      functional relationships of the IOE to the trophotaenial epithelium of developing
      embryos are discussed in relation to maternal-embryonic nutrient transfer
      processes.

PMID- 4057261
TI  - The trophotaenial placenta of a viviparous goodeid fish. II. Ultrastructure of
      trophotaeniae, the embryonic component.
AB  - Embryos of the viviparous goodeid fish Ameca spendens develop within the ovarian
      lumen, where they establish a placental association with the maternal organism
      and undergo a 15,000% increase in embryonic dry weight. The placenta consists of
      an embryonic component, the trophotaeniae, and a maternal component, the internal
      ovarian epithelium. Examination with light microscopy and with transmission and
      scanning electron microscopy reveals that trophotaeniae of A. splendens are
      extraembryonic membranes consisting of five ribbon-like processes originating
      from a tube-like mass of tissue that extends outward from the perianal region of
      developing embryos. There are two sets of lateral processes and a longer single
      median process. Trophotaeniae possess an outer epithelium that surrounds a highly
      vascularized core of loose connective tissue. Epithelial cells possess apical
      microvilli and a pronounced endocytotic apparatus. Cells of the trophotaenial
      epithelium are either tightly apposed along their lateral margins or separated by
      enlarged intercellular spaces. Regions of the trophotaenial epithelium possessing
      enlarged intercellular spaces are distributed in patches. The trophotaenial
      epithelium is continuous with the embryonic hindgut epithelium and is considered
      to be derived from it. Comparison of trophotaenial morphology in A. splendens
      with that reported in Xenotoca eiseni reveals differences in histological
      organization. The former possess unsheathed trophotaeniae, whereas the latter are
      sheathed. We postulate that the apposition of trophotaenial epithelium to the
      internal ovarian epithelium constitutes a placental association equivalent to a
      noninvasive, epithelioform of an inverted yolk sac placenta. Structural
      relationships of embryonic and maternal tissues of the trophotaenial placenta are
      discussed in relation to maternal-embryonic nutrient transfer processes.

PMID- 4057262
TI  - The intrarenal and pericapsular venous systems of kidneys of the ringed seal,
      Phoca hispida.
AB  - The kidneys of Phoca hispida are comprised of many closely adherent renculi, each
      of which is a small kidney, functionally independent of its neighbours except
      with respect to venous drainage. Venous blood from the rencular parenchyma drains
      to the periphery through interlobular veins. These interlobular veins empty into
      a perirencular plexus comprised of subcapsular veins on the free surface of the
      renculus, interrencular veins on adjoined surfaces, and marginal subcapsular
      veins lying in the furrows between adjoined renculi. A pericapsular plexus of
      large veins overlies the marginal subcapsular veins and has frequent connections
      with them. Blood drains from the pericapsular plexus into large superficial
      collecting veins that converge over the surface of the kidney toward the divided
      hilum and connect directly to the paired trunks of the posterior vena cava. There
      are also connections to other major venous systems of the region. There is no
      arcuate venous system, no major vein at the rencular hilum, and no vein of
      consequence emerging from the renal hilum. Venous outflow is virtually entirely
      directed to the peripheral plexuses. The venous pattern differs from that of most
      mammals in which blood drains from the renal parenchyma to arcuate veins and
      leaves the kidney through a renal vein, or veins, emerging from the hilum. The
      walls of veins in the kidney are remarkably thin in comparison to their size.
      Subcapsular veins up to 0.5 mm wide have walls on the parenchymal side that in
      places consist only of a thin, fenestrated endothelium and a basal lamina.

PMID- 4057263
TI  - Functional characteristics of the calf muscles of the rat.
AB  - Length-force relations, both active and passive, and twitch contraction
      characteristics were quantified for the entire complex of the superficial calf
      muscles, as well as individually for the Mm. soleus, plantaris, and
      gastrocnemius, caput mediale and laterale, of eight male Wistar rats. The M.
      soleus composes approximately 5% of the weight and cross-sectional area of the
      entire group of superficial calf muscles and is the only muscle of the group
      containing mainly slow-twitch fibers. The other superficial muscles of the calf
      are primarily fast-twitch muscles. The mono-articular M. soleus, the bi-articular
      M. gastrocnemius, caput mediale and laterale, and the poly-articular M. plantaris
      differ with respect to the number of joints crossed. However, contrary to the
      findings for cat hind limbs (Goslow et al. [1977] J. Morphol. 153:23-38), the
      muscles of the complex of superficial calf muscles of the rat did not differ with
      respect to a) their fiber optimum length, b) their maximum length range of active
      force generation, c) the relative increase of passive force owing to lengthening
      of the muscle, d) the angle of the ankle at which they produce maximal active
      force (the knee angle was fixed at 90 degrees).

PMID- 4057264
TI  - A cineradiographic and electromyographic study of mastication in Tenrec
      ecaudatus.
AB  - Regular chewing was studied in the specialized Malagasy insectivore Tenrec
      ecaudatus with the aid of precisely correlated electromyography of the main
      adductors, digastrics, and two hyoid muscles and cineradiography for which
      metallic markers were placed in the mandibles, tongue, and hyoid bone. During the
      power stroke the body of the mandible moves dorsally and medially. The medially
      directed component of movement at this time is greatly increased by simultaneous
      rotation of the mandible about its longitudinal axis. The highly mobile
      symphysis, spherical dentary condyle, loss of superficial masseter muscle and
      zygoma, and the simplified zalamnodont molars all appear to be related to the
      large amount of mandibular rotation that occurs during occlusion. The balancing
      side lateral pterygoid muscle (inferior head) apparently shifts the working side
      mandible laterally during the last part of opening and the first part of closing.
      The working side temporalis and the superficial masseter muscle are both
      responsible for the shift back to the midline. The temporalis is usually active
      to the same extent on the working and balancing sides during the power stroke.
      The level of activity (amplitude) of the temporalis and duration of the power
      stroke increase with harder foods. Whenever soft foods are chewed, the
      superficial masseter is only active on the working side; whenever foods of
      increasing hardness are chewed, its level of activity on the balancing side
      increases to approach that of the working side. Mandibular rotation is greatly
      reduced when hard foods are chewed.

PMID- 4057265
TI  - Functional morphology of the feeding mechanism in aquatic ambystomatid
      salamanders.
AB  - This study addresses four questions in vertebrate functional morphology through a
      study of aquatic prey capture in ambystomatid salamanders: How does the feeding
      mechanism of aquatic salamanders function as a biomechanical system? How similar
      are the biomechanics of suction feeding in aquatic salamanders and ray-finned
      fishes? What quantitative relationship does information extracted from
      electromyograms of striated muscles bear to kinematic patterns and animal
      performance? and What are the major structural and functional patterns in the
      evolution of the lower vertebrate skull? During prey capture, larval ambystomatid
      salamanders display a kinematic pattern similar to that of other lower
      vertebrates, with peak gape occurring prior to both peak hyoid depression and
      peak cranial elevation. The depressor mandibulae, rectus cervicis, epaxialis,
      hypaxialis, and branchiohyoideus muscles are all active for 40-60 msec during the
      strike and overlap considerably in activity. The two divisions of the adductor
      mandibulae are active in a continuous burst for 110-130 msec, and the
      intermandibularis posterior and coracomandibularis are active in a double burst
      pattern. The antagonistic depressor mandibulae and adductor mandibulae internus
      become active within 0.2 msec of each other, but the two muscles show very
      different spike and amplitude patterns during their respective activity periods.
      Coefficients of variation for kinematic and most electromyographic recordings
      reach a minimum within a 10 msec time period, just after the mouth starts to
      open. Pressure within the buccal cavity during the strike reaches a minimum of 
      25 mmHg, and minimum pressure occurs synchronously with maximum gill bar
      adduction. The gill bars (bearing gill rakers that interlock with rakers of
      adjacent arches) clearly function as a resistance within the oral cavity and
      restrict posterior water influx during mouth opening, creating a unidirectional
      flow during feeding. Durations of electromyographic activity alone are poor
      predictors of kinematic patterns. Analyses of spike amplitude explain an
      additional fraction of the variance in jaw kinematics, whereas the product of
      spike number and amplitude is the best statistical predictor of kinematic
      response variables. Larval ambystomatid salamanders retain the two primitive
      biomechanical systems for opening and closing the mouth present in nontetrapod
      vertebrates: elevation of the head by the epaxialis and depression of the
      mandible by the hyoid apparatus.

PMID- 4057267
TI  - International Society for Heart Research. VIth Congress of the European Section.
      Stockholm, September 8-11, 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4057266
TI  - Surface ultrastructure of the gill arch of the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus,
      from seawater and freshwater, with special reference to the morphology of apical
      crypts of chloride cells.
AB  - The surface ultrastructure of the gill arches of the killifish, Fundulus
      heteroclitus, adapted to seawater or freshwater, was found to be similar to that
      reported for other euryhaline teleosts. Two rows of gill filaments (about 42
      filaments per row) extended posterolaterally, and two rows of gill rakers (about
      10 rakers per row) extended anteromedially from each arch. Leaf-like respiratory
      lamellae protruded along both sides of each filament, from its base to its apex.
      The distributions, sizes, and numbers of various surface cells and structures
      were also determined. All surfaces were covered by a mosaic of pavement cells,
      which measured about 7 X 4 microns and exhibited concentrically arranged surface
      ridges. Taste buds were especially prominent on the rakers and the pharyngeal
      surfaces of the first and second gill arches, but were often replaced by horny
      spines on the third and fourth gill arches. Apical crypts of chloride cells
      occurred mostly on the surfaces of the gill filaments adjacent to the afferent
      artery of the filament. In seawater adapted killifish, crypts resembled narrow,
      deep holes along the borders of adjacent pavement cells, had openings of about 2
      microns2, and occurred at a frequency of about 1 per 70 microns2 of surface area.
      In freshwater fish, the crypts usually had larger openings (about 10 microns2),
      occurred less frequently (1 per 123 microns2), and exhibited many cellular
      projections in their interiors. Changes in crypt morphology may be related to the
      ion transport function of chloride cells.

PMID- 4057269
TI  - Psychosocial and environmental variables in outcome of black schizophrenics.
AB  - Psychosocial and environmental variables associated with the black schizophrenic
      patient's discharge from the hospital, community adjustment, and
      rehospitalization, if any, were examined. Numerous significant variables related
      to the outcome were identified on the medical, nursing, and social work question
      naires through personal interviews with 128 black schizophrenic patients and
      their families.

PMID- 4057270
TI  - Peritoneal cytology in stage I endometrial cancer.
AB  - Peritoneal lavage fluid for cytologic study was obtained in 73 patients
      undergoing primary surgery for stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma. Preoperative
      irradiation was not used. Malignant cells consistent with endometrial
      adenocarcinoma were present in eight (11 percent) cases. There was no significant
      difference in the proportion of patients with "positive peritoneal cytology" when
      patients with grade 1 and 2 tumors, five of 45 (11 percent), were compared with
      those with grade 3 and adenosquamous tumors, three of 28 (10.7 percent), between
      deeply invasive tumors, two of 20 (10 percent), and those with superficial or no
      invasion, six of 52 (11.5 percent), between stage IA, six of 42 (14.5 percent)
      and stage IB disease, two of 31 (6.5 percent). The prevalence of positive
      peritoneal cytology in this series of 73 patients who received no preoperative
      irradiation is similar to that reported in other series where preoperative
      irradiation was used. No correlation between positive peritoneal cytology and
      other reported poor prognostic indicators in stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma
      was found.

PMID- 4057268
TI  - Influence of dietary cyanide on immunoglobulin and thiocyanate levels in the
      serum of Liberian adults.
AB  - Serum thiocyanate, antibody titers to thiocyanates, and serum immunoglobulins
      (IgM, IgG, IgA) were measured in 73 Liberian adults normally consuming diets of
      low, moderate, high, or no (control) cassava-derived cyanide (CN(-)). When
      control and low groups (n = 40; daily intake less than 0.60 mg CN(-) per kg body
      weight) were contrasted with moderate and high groups (n = 33; daily intake
      greater than or equal to 0.60 mg CN(-) per kg body weight), the authors observed
      that (1) one-time serum thiocyanate measurements were not sensitive to long-term
      cyanide intake; however, (2) antibody titers to thiocyanates were positively
      correlated with cassava-based cyanide intakes (r = .22, P = 0.05); and (3) serum
      IgM, IgG, and IgA levels were elevated in individuals regularly consuming
      moderate and high levels of dietary cyanide. Possible responsible mechanisms and
      health implications are discussed.

PMID- 4057271
TI  - Disseminated intravascular coagulation.
AB  - Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is not uncommon in the obstetric
      patient, but DIC of sufficient severity to be of clinical importance is unusual.
      Treatment of DIC is directed primarily at its cause. Replacement of depleted
      blood components with packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma,
      cryoprecipitate, and platelets is sometimes required for treating hemorrhage.
      Heparin should be used only rarely, and only to help control life-threatening
      hemorrhage because DIC is refractory to vigorous and adequate blood-component
      therapy. With careful planning of treatment, adherence to a few general
      principles, and the combined approach of an obstetrician and a coagulationest,
      fatalities and major morbidity should be rare.

PMID- 4057272
TI  - Selective malabsorption of vitamin B12 and vitamin B12-intrinsic factor with
      megaloblastic anemia in an adult.
AB  - The first case of megaloblastic anemia due to selective malabsorption of vitamin
      B(12) and vitamin B(12)-intrinsic factor is described in an otherwise normal
      female adult, in whom pernicious anemia had previously been diagnosed.

PMID- 4057273
TI  - The role of the Howard University Center for Sickle Cell Disease in national and
      international health affairs.

PMID- 4057275
TI  - Observations and comments on the psychosocial determinants of depressive illness
      among Nigerian adults.
AB  - The psychosocial characteristics of 142 depressive patients seen for the first
      time at the psychiatric hospital at Enugu were studied. Women (54.9 percent)
      outnumbered men (45.1 percent). Whereas neurotic depression occurred more
      commonly in those under 30 years of age, psychotic depression was more often seen
      in those aged over 30 years. Married status was more common among female
      psychotic depressives, but was not significant among neurotic depressives.
      Psychotic depression occurred more often among rural dwellers, whereas neurotic
      depression was diagnosed more often among urban residents. The majority of the
      patients had a low level of education. A significant incidence of neurotic
      depression was observed among students and housewives. The probable sociocultural
      factors responsible for the observed differences are discussed. A suggestion is
      made for a central control of all available alternative forms of treatment
      (orthodox, novel, and traditional) for improved delivery of mental health care.

PMID- 4057274
TI  - Altered states of consciousness profile: an Afro-centric intrapsychic evaluation
      tool.
AB  - In an effort to develop an Afro-centric intrapsychic evaluation tool, the
      Community Mental Health Council, Inc., Altered States of Consciousness Research
      Team, developed a structured interview used to quantify and qualify the 17 states
      of consciousness(1) that occurred in black control, precare, and aftercare
      subjects. Differences were noted in the three groups as to the incidence,
      prevalence, and quality of the various states of consciousness. It was also noted
      that the profile obtained from the interviews yielded a sharp clinical picture of
      the subjects' total intrapsychic propensities.

PMID- 4057276
TI  - Drew program for obesity treatment.
AB  - Obesity affects about 30 percent of adult Americans, causing significant
      morbidity. Contributing problems of poor self-concept and oral gratification may
      require intense therapy. This study was designed to see whether a
      multidisciplinary approach combining diet, exercise, and behavioral therapy, and
      run by a clinic staff would be effective.Patients were Afro-American women at
      least 20 percent above ideal body weight. Attrition reduced sample size, making
      statistical analysis difficult; however, some general trends were observed. One
      half of those who completed the program lost one pound per week and maintained
      the loss during a two-month follow-up. Those who succeeded showed a higher level
      of dissatisfaction and greater ability to respond to external motivation in
      psychological tests. Weight loss was comparable to that achieved in behavioral
      groups described in the literature.

PMID- 4057277
TI  - Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis: a case report.
AB  - Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis is an abdominal emergency that is rarely
      diagnosed early. Abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, and hematochezia are the
      characteristic presenting complaints. Tenderness, distension, and diminished
      intestinal sounds were the prominent abdominal physical findings in this case and
      were often associated with tachycardia and hypotension. This is a case that
      demonstrates all the nonspecifics, and one in which the patient survived beyond
      all others reported in the literature to date.

PMID- 4057278
TI  - Metastatic chemodectoma.
AB  - The authors report a case of primary chemodectoma with metastasis to the lungs.
      To date only 11 such cases have been reported in the literature.

PMID- 4057279
TI  - A computer-assisted electrocardiographic analysis system: methodology and
      potential application to cardiovascular toxicology.
AB  - An automated analysis of electrocardiographic (ECG) waveforms, based on a precise
      one-dimensional analysis of features within a generalized computer-enhanced ECG
      waveform, has been developed in our laboratory. ECG signals are monitored,
      amplified, and recorded using standard techniques. The recorder output signal is
      distributed to a microcomputer system. Software developed for the microcomputer
      slows the signal playback rate and permits operator review of the slowed signal
      for arrhythmia analysis. The analysis program identifies and superimposes 10-40
      individual ECG complexes, depending on the heart rate, and generates an
      "ensembled" waveform. Operator interaction permits delineation of specific points
      on the displayed waveform and calculation of heart rate and duration of
      components within the ECG complex. The primary advantages of this system include
      (1) extensive automation--computer support decreases analytical time, increases
      precision, and permits rapid screening of large numbers of animals; (2) enhanced
      sensitivity--the use of functional parameters should provide a more sensitive
      index of toxicity than morphological parameters; (3) broad utility--this system
      provides the capability to utilize a variety of animals, both anesthetized and
      unanesthetized, ranging in age from fetuses to geriatrics, and permits studies of
      block as well as longitudinal design; and (4) ease of replication-
      standardization of equipment and techniques facilitates replication by other
      laboratories.

PMID- 4057280
TI  - Effects of chlordimeform on cardiovascular functional parameters: Part 1.
      Lethality and arrhythmogenicity in the geriatric rat.
AB  - Chlordimeform (CDM), a formamidine pesticide, had a profound effect on the
      cardiovascular function of geriatric rats. Two-year-old pentobarbital
      anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8) received sequential intravenous CDM
      injections of 5, 10, 30, and 60 mg/kg. A control group of rats (n = 8) received
      multiple injections of normal saline vehicle over a similar time period, followed
      by a single CDM injection of 60 mg/kg. Heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure
      (BP), and electrocardiogram (ECG) were monitored for all animals. CDM produced
      abrupt decreases in HR and BP at all doses. In addition, striking changes in ECG
      waveforms and intervals and various conduction-related arrhythmias were observed.
      These acute effects triggered a reflex-mediated overshoot in HR and BP above
      preinjection levels, followed by a delayed, persistent depression of these
      parameters. Three animals from the CDM-treated group died after injection of the
      30-mg/kg dose, while 60 mg/kg was lethal in the remaining animals. In the
      majority of cases, death appeared to be due to cardiac arrest.

PMID- 4057281
TI  - Toxic responses to acute, subchronic, and chronic oral administrations of
      monochlorobenzene to rodents.
AB  - Acute (single exposure), 14-d repeated exposure, 91-d subchronic, and 103-wk
      chronic toxicity studies of orally administered (gavage, in corn oil)
      monochlorobenzene were conducted in male and female Fischer-344 rats and B6C3F1
      hybrid mice. A single exposure to 4000 mg/kg was lethal to male and female rats,
      while a single exposure to a dose as low as 1000 mg/kg was lethal to mice.
      Fourteen daily exposures to 1000 mg/kg caused death in rats of both sexes, but
      neither survival nor clinical health were compromised at 500 mg/kg in rats or
      mice. In the 91-d studies, wherein monochlorobenzene was administered once daily,
      5 d/wk, survival was reduced by doses of 500 mg/kg and higher in rats, and by
      doses of 250 mg/kg and higher in mice. Dose-dependent necrosis of the liver
      (hepatocytes), degeneration or focal necrosis of the renal proximal tubules, and
      lymphoid or myeloid depletion of the spleen, bone marrow, and thymus (mild to
      severe) were produced by doses of 250 mg/kg or greater of monochlorobenzene in
      both sexes of rats and mice, although the incidences of these lesions varied
      considerably by sex and species. Consistent changes in the circulating blood
      components were not observed, but a mild porphyrinuria was detected at the higher
      doses. No toxic effects were observed at doses of 125 mg/kg or less. In the 2-yr
      studies, wherein monochlorobenzene was administered once daily, 5 d/wk, doses of
      30 or 60 mg/kg in male mice and 60 or 120 mg/kg in female mice and male and
      female rats did not produce any evidence of toxicity. Doses of 60 or 120 mg/kg
      caused slight (statistically significant at 120 mg/kg; p less than 0.05)
      increases in the frequencies of male rats with neoplastic nodules of the liver.
      Increased tumor frequencies were not observed in female rats or in male or female
      mice receiving monochlorobenzene.

PMID- 4057282
TI  - Increased accumulation of the lipophilic cation tetraphenylphosphonium+ by
      cyclopiazonic acid-treated renal epithelial cells.
AB  - Pig kidney renal epithelial cells (LLC-PK1) in culture were used to determine the
      effects of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) on the uptake of the transmembrane potential
      probe, [3H]tetraphenylphosphonium bromide (TPP+). CPA had a significant
      stimulatory effect on TPP+ accumulation, which occurred in a dose-related manner.
      TPP+ accumulation in the presence of CPA was significantly reduced by high
      potassium media (HK) and carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), but
      neither HK nor the protonophore CCCP, could completely abolish the stimulatory
      effect of CPA. The apparent transmembrane potential difference (delta psi),
      calculated based on the difference in accumulation of TPP+ in low-potassium and
      HK media, ranged from -55.9 to -85.7 mV for control cells and -89.4 to -109.0 mV
      for CPA-treated cells (20 mg CPA/I). The mechanism of CPA stimulation of TPP+
      accumulation was not known. However, it was hypothesized that the effect could be
      a result of alterations in ion pumps or altered membrane permeability. The fact
      that the stimulatory effect could not be completely abolished by high potassium
      or CCCP suggested that there was some interaction between CPA and TPP+ or there
      were sites of TPP+ accumulation that were insensitive to K+ and H+ permeability.

PMID- 4057283
TI  - Disposition of 9-aminoacridine in rats dosed orally or intravenously and in
      monkeys dosed topically.
AB  - Following administration of [14C]-labeled 9-aminoacridine ([14C]9AA)
      hydrochloride either orally or intravenously to rats, the excretion of
      radioactivity was similar, with 20-26% of the dose appearing in the urine and 57
      68% in the feces. The pattern of tissue distribution was also similar for the two
      routes. This information suggests that absorption of the oral doses was extensive
      and that, for both routes of administration, biliary excretion accounted for most
      of the radioactivity in the feces. Biliary excretion of radioactivity derived
      from [14C]9AA was confirmed in an experiment involving rats with inserted biliary
      cannulas. For these rats, 49.5% of the dose administered appeared in the bile in
      4 h. The major urinary and biliary metabolite of [14C]9AA of rats was identified
      as an O-beta-glucuronide of hydroxylated 9AA. Absorption of 9AA through the skin
      could not be conclusively demonstrated. For monkeys dosed topically with
      [14C]9AA, only small amounts of radioactivity (a total of less than 0.8% of the
      dose) appeared in the urine and various tissues in 24 h.

PMID- 4057285
TI  - Direct effect of carbon monoxide on hexobarbital metabolism in the isolated
      perfused liver in the absence of hemoglobin.
AB  - The interaction of carbon monoxide (CO) with cytochrome P-450 associated with
      hexobarbital metabolism was observed in hemoglobin-free perfused rat liver by
      using a scanning reflectance spectrophotometer. The evidence obtained showed that
      CO bound to the substrate complexed cytochrome P-450 and, at a CO/O2 ratio of
      over 0.1 in the perfusate, inhibited the hexobarbital metabolism estimated from
      the hexobarbital uptake, and oxygen consumption. Although the oxygen supply to
      the liver cell was one of the major limiting factors during CO hypoxia, CO
      binding to cytochrome P-450 significantly enhanced the suppression of
      hexobarbital oxidation caused by hypoxic hypoxia.

PMID- 4057284
TI  - Subchronic inhalation toxicity of isobutyl nitrite in BALB/c mice. I. Systemic
      toxicity.
AB  - The effects of subchronic inhalation exposure to isobutyl nitrite (IBN) on body
      weight, selected organ weights, hematology, and gross pathology and
      histopathology of BALB/c mice were evaluated. Mice of both sexes were exposed at
      0, 20, 50, or 300 ppm IBN for 6.5 h/d, 5 d/wk for up to 18 wk. Most changes in
      measured indices occurred in mice exposed at 300 ppm IBN and included decreased
      thymus weight (females); decreased liver weight (males); decreased white blood
      cell counts (males); mild focal hyperplasia and vacuolization of the epithelium
      lining bronchi and bronchioles of the lungs (males and females). Organ weight and
      hematologic changes, however, were not accompanied by any observed histologic
      changes. In addition, elevated methemoglobin concentrations were detected in mice
      of both sexes exposed at 50 and 300 ppm IBN. Body weights were not adversely
      affected by exposure. These data suggest that mild tissue injury, restricted to
      the lung, and methemoglobinemia are the major toxic effects observed following
      exposures of mice to IBN at concentrations up to 300 ppm for 18 wk. No treatment
      related effects were noted in mice exposed at 20 or 50 ppm IBN, except for slight
      elevations in methemoglobin concentrations in mice exposed at 50 ppm.

PMID- 4057286
TI  - Selected nutrients reduce the pyruvate requirement for survival in vitro of chick
      central nervous system neurons.
AB  - Central nervous system neurons, cultured as monolayers at low density, need
      exogenous pyruvate for their survival. The pyruvate concentrations required by
      embryonic day 8 (E8) chick forebrain neurons are reduced substantially by other
      low molecular weight agents present in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)
      and in astroglia-conditioned Eagle's basal medium (EBM). To examine the nature of
      these pyruvate-sparing molecules, E8 chick forebrain neurons were cultured in EBM
      containing a concentration of pyruvate too low to support neuronal survival,
      unless sparing agents were supplied. This strategy permitted the identification
      of the pyruvate-sparing DMEM constituents, omission of which had led to neuronal
      loss. Pyruvate sparing required a mixture of (i) serine, (ii) pyridoxal (or
      riboflavin and biotin), and (iii) six essential amino acids: arginine, cystine,
      leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, and tryptophan (each replaceable by corresponding
      amino acids, except tryptophan). All pyruvate-sparing contributors were optimally
      needed at or near their DMEM concentrations.

PMID- 4057287
TI  - Partial characterization of a brain extract factor(s) inhibitory to transformed
      neural cells.
AB  - The factor(s) present in extracts prepared from the brains of newborn A/J or
      C57B1/6 mice, which inhibits S20Y neuroblastoma cell growth in vitro, was
      partially characterized. Twice as much inhibitory activity was extracted per gram
      wet weight of brain than torso, and inhibitor recovery was greatest in extracts
      prepared from brains of mice 1 week or less in age. The inhibitory factor(s) was
      water-soluble and was stable to heating at 100 degrees C, to freezing, and to
      lyophilization. It was susceptible to the action of pronase. The factor(s)
      behaved like a molecule of molecular weight approximately 700 upon passage
      through ultrafiltration membranes. Growth of rat hepatoma (H4), murine melanoma
      (B16), and transformed murine fibroblasts (WT19 and B6-HCMV) was not
      significantly inhibited by brain extract. Growth of rat glioma cells (C6) was
      significantly reduced but to a lesser degree than that of murine neuroblastoma
      cells (S20Y and N115) and glioma cells (G26-20). These results suggest that the
      inhibitor expresses a cell specificity.

PMID- 4057288
TI  - Ultrastructural organization of posterior and anterior barrels in the
      somatosensory cortex of rat.
AB  - The somatosensory barrels in layer IV of rat cerebral cortex were studied on
      uniformly oriented, serial, tangential sections by a combination of light
      microscope and ultrastructural techniques. Section orientation between sections
      was maintained by blood vessel patterns. The principal elements of both anterior
      and posterior barrels were quantified and analyzed in relation to proportional
      content and nonrandom spatial arrangement over depth in layer IV. Elements
      studied in this manner included neurons, myelinated axons, apical dendrites,
      synapses, glial cells, and blood vessels. In general, constituents were found to
      be arranged in a highly ordered fashion similar to other discretely organized
      sensory cortical areas. Myelinated axons outlined the basic structure of the
      barrels with the osmium staining employed. Neurons appeared organized in small
      clusters. In addition apical dendrites, synapses, and blood vessels also
      exhibited nonrandom distribution complementary to the organization of axons and
      neurons. Anterior and posterior barrels differed slightly in their organization
      of elements.

PMID- 4057289
TI  - Tuning the power spectrum of physiological finger tremor frequency with
      flickering light.
AB  - Fast Fourier Transform analyses were performed on finger tremor movements at 0.2
      Hz intervals from 0.4 to 40 Hz in 10 human subjects, under a flickering light
      condition of 4-15 Hz and an unstimulated control condition. Under the control
      condition, the power spectrum showed an essentially normal curve distribution,
      except for an early frequency component in the histogram. In contrast, when the
      flickering light stimulus was presented, the power of specific frequency
      components at 8-11 Hz was strongly enhanced. This effect was induced exclusively
      at a frequency of 8, 9, or 11 Hz of flickering light, and this flickering
      frequency producing the enhancement effect differed from subject to subject.
      There existed a significant correlation between the frequencies of flicker and
      tremor at the tuned frequency. These findings demonstrate that a specific
      frequency of flickering light can intensify a specific frequency of physiological
      finger tremor, and that different individuals exhibit different optimal "tuning"
      frequencies.

PMID- 4057290
TI  - Percutaneous transcatheter embolization for massive bleeding from pelvic
      fractures.
AB  - The effectiveness of transcatheter embolization was studied prospectively from
      January 1977 through July 1984 in 31 patients with extensive pelvic fractures,
      hypotension, and large retroperitoneal hematomas. The indications for angiography
      in patients with pelvic fractures included: four or more units of blood
      transfusion within 24 hours, six or more units of blood transfusion within 48
      hours, negative or borderline peritoneal tap and lavage in an unstable patient,
      or large pelvic retroperitoneal hematoma discovered at time of celiotomy.
      Successful embolization with complete control of hemorrhage was achieved in 27
      patients (87.1%). Overall mortality was 35.5%, but was primarily due to
      associated injuries. Percutaneous transcatheter embolization was the procedure of
      choice for controlling massive pelvic retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Early
      embolization was imperative in reducing transfusion requirements and associated
      complications.

PMID- 4057291
TI  - Topical cerium nitrate prevents postburn immunosuppression.
AB  - Suppression of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) follows a major thermal injury and is
      associated with an increased incidence of serious infections. Adult female CF-1
      mice received a 20% full-thickness steam burn and were then treated with various
      topical antimicrobial creams in an attempt to alter the course of postburn
      immunosuppression. Topical agents included cerium nitrate (CE), silver
      sulfadiazine (SSD), mafenide (SML), silver nitrate (AG), and a mixture of CE and
      SSD (CE-SSD). CMI was determined in vivo by measuring ear swelling in response to
      2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) challenge in previously sensitized mice. The
      usual nadir in CMI (ear swelling) when mice were sensitized at day 14 postburn
      did not occur in burned mice treated with CE or CE-SSD, AG was only modestly
      effective, and SML or SSD failed to restore CMI. These studies suggest that
      topical CE may have potential as an immunomodulator in the treatment of burns.

PMID- 4057292
TI  - Correlation of hemodynamic variables with transcutaneous PO2 measurements in
      critically ill adult patients.
AB  - Transcutaneous oxygen (PtcO2) monitoring with miniaturized heated electrodes has
      been shown to continuously track arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) noninvasively in
      stable infants. However, the correlation between the two is less marked in
      unstable adults, and PtcO2 appears to be additionally influenced by perfusion.
      The ability of PtcO2 to detect alterations in cardiac index (CI) was evaluated in
      19 critically ill adult patients. The PtcO2 was found to be influenced by the
      PaO2, the CI, and local vascular tone, with a rapid response time to changes in
      these variables. All instances of improvement in PtcO2 readings were associated
      with improvement in PaO2 or hemodynamic status. Because of its high sensitivity,
      continuous noninvasive PtcO2 monitoring should allow reduction in routine PaO2
      and CI determinations. However, a decrease in PtcO2 requires immediate in-depth
      evaluation of the patient's PaO2 and CI because of its lack of specificity.

PMID- 4057293
TI  - Military antishock trousers prolong survival after otherwise fatal hemorrhage in
      pigs.
AB  - Military antishock trousers (MAST) have not received universal acceptance for use
      during hypovolemia because cardiac output results have been conflicting, lower
      extremity compartment syndromes have been reported, and a prospective clinical
      trial has not been performed. We completed survival studies in a fatal porcine
      hemorrhage model which simulates human exsanguination. Trousers were specifically
      made for the weight of the swine in this study and then were calibrated by
      observing transmitted pressure to the lower abdomen and upper hind limbs. When
      the trousers were inflated to 60 torr, 77% of the inflation pressure was
      transmitted to the proximal lower leg (46 +/- 8 torr) and 58% was monitored in
      the lower abdomen (35 +/- 4 torr). Compared to a noninflation control group, we
      found the survival time significantly prolonged after an otherwise fatal
      hemorrhage. The mechanism appears to be through increased tissue perfusion
      probably not related to a transient translocation of lower extremity blood
      volume.

PMID- 4057294
TI  - Tibial fractures associated with civilian gunshot injuries.
AB  - Forty patients with 41 fractures of the tibia produced by civilian gunshot
      injuries were reviewed. The usual patient was male, 28 years of age, and had been
      shot by an unknown assailant. Thirty-two of the 41 fractures (78%) were the
      result of low-energy missiles (less than 500 foot pounds or 680 Nm) while six
      (15%) were from intermediate (500 to 1,200 foot pounds or 680-1,627 Nm) and three
      (7%) from high-energy missiles (greater than 1,200 foot pounds or 1,627 Nm).
      Characteristic fracture patterns for the low energy group consisted of the drill
      hole, unicortical, oblique, spiral, butterfly, and comminuted. All of the
      intermediate- and high-energy missiles produced highly comminuted fractures.
      Intermediate- and high-energy missile injuries resulted in significantly longer
      initial hospitalization, higher incidence of fibular fracture, neurologic
      deficit, type 2 or 3 wound, and a higher incidence of infection. The time to
      fracture union was also higher with these injuries, even though the two nonunions
      in the series occurred with low-energy missiles. Factors other than the energy of
      the missile, however, may have contributed to the healing failure in those two
      patients. These factors included an intact fibula in one and advanced age in the
      other.

PMID- 4057295
TI  - Left subclavian artery trauma: in situ vs. rib interspace mobilization for
      primary anastomosis.
AB  - Fifteen autopsy dissections were performed to evaluate the anatomic relationships
      of the left subclavian artery and primary arterial anastomosis following trauma.
      The vessel was transected just beyond the origin of the thyrocervical trunk, and
      the maximal excisable overlapping segment was determined in situ and through the
      first and second interspaces. By passing the mobilized left axillary artery
      through the first intercostal space, up to 7.5 cm of a subclavian arterial
      segment could be resected and primary arterial repair accomplished. The use of
      the first interspace to gain additional length in primary repair of the left
      subclavian artery is suggested as an alternative to grafting.

PMID- 4057296
TI  - Stump fractures in lower extremity amputees.
AB  - A series of 23 above-knee and below-knee amputees who sustained an ipsilateral
      lower extremity fracture was qualitatively evaluated with respect to the nature
      of the injuries sustained, associated problems, and results of fracture
      treatment. The overall incidence of these fractures was 3% in a population of
      lower-extremity amputees. The stump fractures encountered were distal femur
      fractures and fractures about the hip. More than one fourth of these fractures
      had an initially missed or 'delayed' diagnosis. Most femur fractures were
      successfully treated by nonoperative means, and most of the hip fractures were
      treated operatively. The final rehabilitated status of the dysvascular amputees
      was the poorest: one half of those who were previous household ambulators
      remained wheelchair confined postinjury.

PMID- 4057297
TI  - Use of i.v. fentanyl in the outpatient treatment of pediatric facial trauma.
AB  - Fentanyl, a synthetic analgesic narcotic, was used in 2,000 cases of pediatric
      facial trauma between 1981 and 1984. A dose of 2 to 3 micrograms per kilogram of
      body weight was administered slowly intravenously to provide sedation and
      analgesia to facilitate the repair. The drug has advantages ideal for outpatient
      use, namely rapid onset, brief duration, and short recovery time. The major
      possible complication is that of apnea, which requires that resuscitation
      equipment be available. Three apneic episodes occurred in this series and all
      were successfully reversed with naloxone with no untoward effects.

PMID- 4057298
TI  - Traumatic retinal detachment.
AB  - Six hundred forty-three patients had retinal detachment surgery during 81/2
      years; 17.6% were under the age of 30 years. Analysis of this group of patients
      showed that males were more commonly affected than females (68%). Trauma was the
      most frequent cause, reported in 40% of cases. Dialysis was the commonest retinal
      break, occurring in 51% of patients, and 73% of these occurred in the inferior
      temporal quadrant. In patients with a history of trauma, the type of the retinal
      break produced and operative success was related to the severity of ocular
      damage, with more successful outcomes in nontraumatic cases and fewer of these in
      cases of ocular perforation.

PMID- 4057299
TI  - Penile fracture: diagnosis and management.
AB  - Corpus cavernosum rupture or fracture of the penis is an unusual injury caused by
      blunt trauma. There are few cases reported in the literature and controversy
      regarding initial conservative versus operative management exists. This
      experience adds 17 cases and suggests that optimal management be determined by
      demonstrating the presence or absence of a tunica albuginea rent on corpus
      cavernosography. If no rent is demonstrated conservative management is
      recommended. If a rent is present operative management is the treatment of
      choice.

PMID- 4057300
TI  - Galeazzi fractures.
AB  - A series of 27 Galeazzi fractures treated by open reduction and rigid internal
      fixation have been reviewed. The average followup was 32 months. Twenty-five
      patients obtained a satisfactory result. One patient developed a pseudarthrosis
      after a fracture through a screw hole, an unsatisfactory result. A second patient
      sustained a severe open fracture with considerable soft-tissue damage and this
      result also rated as unsatisfactory. There were no infections. The authors
      believe that open reduction and rigid internal fixation of the radial fracture is
      the treatment of choice for this injury.

PMID- 4057301
TI  - Carburetor priming: a cause of gasoline burn.
AB  - Burns as a result of priming carburetors with gasoline resulted in 4% of all burn
      admissions to the Oregon Burn Center from 1980-1982. The burns most frequently
      involved the head and neck and upper extremities. Although most of them involved
      less than 10% of the total body surface area, half of all the injuries included
      areas of full-thickness tissue loss. This type of preventable accident inflicts
      substantial morbidity and may be a major financial burden. Professional and
      public awareness of the risk of serious gasoline burns incurred during carburetor
      priming should decrease its incidence.

PMID- 4057302
TI  - Delayed post-traumatic cauda equina compression syndrome.
AB  - Acute lumbosacral fracture-dislocation is an unusual injury. A delayed cauda
      equina injury accompanying the fracture-dislocation is seldom encountered. We
      report a cauda equina lesion complicating an acute lumbosacral fracture
      dislocation 3 weeks postinjury. The patient had been trapped in a knee-elbow
      position under an overturned vehicle. Symptoms were relieved following posterior
      decompression and fusion from L5 to S1.

PMID- 4057303
TI  - Double traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta.
AB  - A 23-year-old woman was involved in an automobile accident and sustained a double
      traumatic rupture of the aorta, at the isthmus distal to the left subclavian
      artery and at the base of the innominate artery. A successful repair was
      accomplished within 4 hours of the injury using profound hypothermia and total
      circulatory arrest. To our knowledge, this case represents the first successful
      surgical repair of a double traumatic rupture of the aorta. Followup at 2 years
      showed an excellent postoperative recovery and the patient gainfully employed.

PMID- 4057304
TI  - Pseudoaneurysm of the cervical internal carotid artery secondary to blunt trauma.
AB  - A case of pseudoaneurysm in the extracranial internal carotid artery secondary to
      blunt trauma is presented to corroborate reports of aneurysmal formation in
      association with ipsilateral mandibular fracture. Because of the possibility of
      rupture or the development of neurologic symptomatology due to embolization,
      pseudoaneurysms of the cervical internal carotid artery should be repaired. We
      recommend use of the autogenous interposition vein graft to restore arterial
      continuity.

PMID- 4057305
TI  - Missile embolus of the portal vein.
AB  - A missile embolus, an extremely rare lesion, presents an unusual and challenging
      problem for the clinician. A case is discussed in which a patient sustained a
      gunshot wound of the portal vein, and the bullet entered the portal venous system
      and then lodged in the superior mesenteric vein. The portal vein injury was
      repaired. The missile then migrated into the right branch of the portal vein and
      was not extracted. The patient recovered. This appears to be the first reported
      case of a missile embolus of the portal venous system.

PMID- 4057307
TI  - Pseudoaneurysms of the abdominal aorta.

PMID- 4057308
TI  - Acute tetrachloroethylene poisoning--blood elimination kinetics during
      hyperventilation therapy.
AB  - After ingestion of 12-16 g tetrachloroethylene, a 6-year-old boy was admitted to
      the clinic in coma. In view of the high initial tetrachloroethylene blood level,
      hyperventilation therapy was performed. Under this therapeutic regimen, the
      clinical condition of the patient improved considerably. The tetrachloroethylene
      blood level profile which was determined under hyperventilation therapy could be
      computer-fitted to a two-compartment model. Elimination of tetrachloroethylene
      from the blood compartment occurred via a rapid and a slow process with half
      lives of 30 min and 36 hours, respectively. These values compared favourably with
      the half-lives of 160 min and 33 hours under normal respiratory conditions.
      During hyperventilation therapy, the relative contribution to the fast
      elimination process increased from 70% for physiological minute volume to 99.9%.
      A minor fraction of the ingested dose was excreted with the urine (integral of 1%
      during the first 3 days). In contrast to previous results, trace amounts of
      unchanged tetrachloroethylene were detected in the urine besides trichloroacetic
      acid and trichloroethanol.

PMID- 4057306
TI  - Chronic subdural hematoma mimicking transient ischemic attacks.
AB  - A case is reported in which a chronic subdural hematoma caused recurrent episodes
      of neurologic dysfunction that simulated transient ischemic attacks. Possible
      pathophysiological mechanisms are: a subdural hematoma could cause local ischemia
      or focal epileptic discharges; a cerebral mass could cause cortical depression by
      mechanical stimulation; regional cerebral edema could cause vascular displacement
      and ischemia; or small repeated hemorrhages could cause transient neurologic
      deficits. Computer assisted tomography of the head is recommended in the
      differentiation of the two conditions.

PMID- 4057309
TI  - Hemoperfusion-hemodialysis ineffective for paraquat removal in life-threatening
      poisoning?
AB  - We report on a patient treated with hemoperfusion-hemodialysis (HP-HD) for severe
      paraquat poisoning. This procedure was adopted since the combination of
      adsorption and dialysis may improve overall drug removal. On admission blood
      paraquat was 15.8 micrograms/ml. He received conventional treatment and combined
      HP-HD which started within 3 hours after ingestion of the chemical and lasted 5
      hours. Blood samples were obtained during and after HP-HD. The samples during HP
      HD were taken before the charcoal column, between the charcoal column and the
      artificial kidney and after the artificial kidney. Blood clearances of paraquat
      were 116 +/- 32 ml/min (n=6) for the charcoal column (HP), 90 +/- 54 ml/min (n=6)
      for the artificial kidney (HD) and 151 +/- 37 ml/min (n=6) for the combined
      systems (HP-HD). After HP-HD a limited rebound of blood paraquat level was seen.
      One day after admission renal and hepatic failure had developed, and the patient
      died after 5 days. Tissue paraquat levels (microgram/g wet tissue) were: skeletal
      muscle 9.4, pancreas 6.0, prostate 5.6, thyroid 4.2, lungs 4.0, bone marrow 4.0,
      kidney 3.1, spleen 2.9, adrenal 2.9, heart 2.8, liver 2.3, stomach and testis
      below 1.0. Measurements of blood levels demonstrated the efficient clearances of
      paraquat with HP-HD from the central (plasma) compartment. However, the present
      results confirmed those previously reported which suggest that the efficiency of
      short HP-HD in treating severe paraquat poisoning is questionable since paraquat
      levels in the peripheral (tissue) compartment remain elevated.

PMID- 4057310
TI  - Plasma free cyanide and blood total cyanide: a rapid completely automated
      microdistillation assay.
AB  - Techniques are presented which provide direct measurement of both free cyanide
      (CN-) in plasma and total CN- in whole blood. Loss of total CN- from blood is
      prevented by conversion to cyanmethemoglobin. Both free and total CN- are assayed
      by a completely automated method providing readout 17 minutes after sampling. No
      prior isolation technique is required and sensitivity is adjustable to cover a
      broad range of CN- concentrations from 1 to 4000 uM. Precision of blood CN-
      values from 2 to 2500 uM is within +/- 2.3%. No interference results from
      thiocyanate or thiosulfate at a concentration of approximately 1 mM.

PMID- 4057311
TI  - Whole bowel irrigation for toxic ingestions.
AB  - Eight children aged eleven months to sixteen years who ingested toxic substances
      were treated with whole bowel irrigation. This procedure involves the rapid
      infusion of fluids per nasogastric tube in order to flush the toxic substance out
      from the gastrointestinal tract thereby preventing its absorption into the
      bloodstream. The infusion is terminated when the rectal effluent takes on the
      characteristics of the infusate. The toxic substances included miniature disc
      batteries, iron, tricyclic antidepressant and paraquat. No significant changes in
      serum sodium, serum potassium or hematocrit were observed. Whole bowel irrigation
      was felt to be efficacious in this series. It requires additional study as a
      therapeutic approach to the patient who has ingested a toxic substance.

PMID- 4057312
TI  - Treatment of phenylcyclohexylpyrrolidine (PHP) psychosis with haloperidol.
AB  - Twenty white males who presented with psychosis were later found to have ingested
      PHP. Treatment with haloperidol 5 mg IM caused significant improvement while
      placebo treatment did not. Results of haloperidol treatment of PHP psychosis were
      similar to previously published reports with phencyclidine (PCP) psychosis.

PMID- 4057313
TI  - Commentary on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD). Scientific Review
      Committee of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology.

PMID- 4057314
TI  - Comprehensive toxicology screening and ethanol.

PMID- 4057316
TI  - Proceedings of the XIth International Congress of the European Association of
      Poison Control Centers. Stockholm, June 17-20, 1984.

PMID- 4057315
TI  - Azalea toxicity: an overrated problem?
AB  - One-hundred-and-fifty-two azalea ingestions reported to two regional poison
      centers over a three year period are reviewed. Twenty-eight exposures were the
      result of sucking nectar from the flower; the remainder involved ingestion of
      leaves or flowers. Nine patients developed symptoms, but these were minor or
      probably unrelated in eight. A single patient was significantly symptomatic,
      experiencing repeated vomiting and transient hypertension. Emergency department
      treatment was rendered in 9.2% of patients, and hospital admission for less than
      24 hours was required in only one case. Ingestion of moderate amounts of azalea
      pose little toxic hazard.

PMID- 4057317
TI  - Two cases of acute carbon monoxide poisoning with delayed neurological sequelae
      after a "free" interval.
AB  - Two cases are presented to illustrate the delayed neurological complications
      which may follow carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, the mechanisms of which are not
      well known and which do not seem to be recognized widely enough to safeguard
      patients. Broad discussion is needed to determine how cases of CO
      exposure/poisoning should best be handled if sequelae are to be avoided.

PMID- 4057318
TI  - Oxygen deficiency and brain damage: localization, evolution in time, and
      mechanisms of damage.
AB  - Observations on some patients with CO intoxication have revealed a delayed type
      of brain injury, with symptoms appearing days after the initial insult. Possible
      mechanisms are discussed, with reference to recent experimental results on
      ischemic brain damage. These results have shown that brief periods of ischemia
      can cause necrosis of selectively vulnerable neurons, sometimes after a delay of
      1-3 days. In at least one affected cell type (CAI pyramids in the hippocampus)
      delayed neuronal death was preceded by cellular hyperactivity. Recent
      neurochemical research offers tentative explanations. For example, several
      reactions triggered by increased calcium concentrations are long-lasting enough
      to cause sustained alteration of cell function and/or delayed neuronal death.
      These encompass physical interruption of the cytoskeleton by disassembly of
      microtubuli and degradation of neurofilaments, protein phosphorylation, and
      proteolytic degradation of dendritic structures. Reactions interrupting the
      cytoskeleton could cause cell death by impeding axonal transport, while
      phosphorylation-proteolysis could induce increased synaptic efficacy, with
      harmful overactivity.

PMID- 4057319
TI  - Carbon monoxide intoxication: clinical features, neuropathology and mechanisms of
      injury.
AB  - CO intoxication, by producing cerebral hypoxia-ischaemia, may trigger
      neuropathological events which result in delayed neurological relapse even in
      patients whose earlier clinical course has appeared deceptively benign. The
      physician's index of suspicion must therefore be high, and it should be
      remembered that, even in major CO exposures, blood COHb levels may be low if a
      period of several hours has elapsed since exposure. The importance of recognising
      occult CO exposure and of treating symptomatic patients promptly cannot be
      overemphasized. Immediate administration of high concentrations of inspired
      oxygen (including hyperbaric oxygenation, if available) is the primary therapy.
      Hypotension and acid-base abnormalities should be promptly reversed. Prolonged
      bed rest is recommended to discourage delayed relapse.

PMID- 4057320
TI  - Effects of dissolved carbon monoxide on the respiratory activity of perfused
      neuronal and muscle cell cultures.
AB  - In order to address the question of whether small amounts of dissolved CO may
      inhibit cellular respiration, cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells and primary
      cultures of chick neurons, rat astrocytes and chick skeletal muscle and heart
      cells were exposed to CO containing buffer solutions in a closed perfusion
      system. Oxygen uptake was measured simultaneously with two polarographic oxygen
      electrodes as the difference in partial pressure of oxygen between the inlet and
      outlet of the perfusion chamber. After registration of the basal respiratory
      activity, perfusion solutions containing 5 ul 02/ml were bubbled with CO or N2 at
      a rate of 200 ml/min for 120 sec. By this procedure the partial pressure of 02
      was decreased to reach a value of about 50% of the initial 02 content for both
      gases. Perfusion was then continued for 30 min at a rate of 0.5 ml/min. The
      respiratory activity of all the perfused cell cultures, except chick neurons, was
      found to be inhibited (13-29%) by perfusion solutions bubbled for 120 sec with CO
      as compared to N2 controls. Of the cells from the nervous system, astrocytes were
      more sensitive than neurons. Apparently, small amounts of dissolved CO can
      inhibit cellular respiration in the presence of a physiologically adequate amount
      of oxygen.

PMID- 4057321
TI  - Carbon monoxide poisoning, a diagnosis frequently overlooked.
AB  - Carbon monoxide (CO) is a common source of poisoning, yet the diagnosis is often
      overlooked. A study was undertaken to establish the true incidence of missed
      diagnosis and to assess retrospectively the effects of a campaign of public
      medical information on this subject. The wrong diagnoses reflected all the
      unusual clinical presentations that CO could produce. The high initial rate of
      wrong diagnoses (30% in 1975-1977) was reduced following the campaign (12% in
      1978 and 5% in 1980) despite a considerable increase in the rate of admission to
      hospital of confirmed CO poisoning cases.

PMID- 4057322
TI  - Acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Risk of late sequelae and treatment by
      hyperbaric oxygen.
AB  - The indications for hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) in the treatment of acute
      carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning are discussed far too little in the literature.
      Depending on the author reasons for referral to a hyperbaric center include the
      carboxyhemoglobin level, change in state of consciousness or neurological
      abnormalities. In our opinion, HBO should be used on much wider indications than
      is usual, not only because of the rapid relief from symptoms it provides but
      mainly because it may prevent severe delayed sequelae. During a period of 9
      months 230 patients with CO poisoning were admitted to our intensive care unit;
      203 were treated with HBO and 27 with normobaric oxygen. Our indications for HBO
      treatment were: coma, pathological neurological findings or loss of consciousness
      during CO exposure irrespective of normal clinical findings on admission. Four
      patients died and the others were discharged 12 hours to 25 days after the
      incident. Seven patients had minor neurological problems within two weeks of
      discharge and which disappeared within one month. Two patients were re
      hospitalized for neuropsychiatric sequelae and recovered in 3 and 6 months
      respectively. Neither the clinical status upon admission nor COHb predicted the
      outcome of the poisoning. Referral to a HBO center should be considered when: -
      the patient is comatose --there are abnormal clinical findings --patients have
      been unconsciousness during exposure, irrespective of whether they are conscious
      on admission and have normal clinical status.

PMID- 4057323
TI  - Digoxin specific antibody (Fab) fragments in 34 cases of severe digitalis
      intoxication.
AB  - 34 patients aged between 2 and 80 years were treated with digoxin specific
      antibody (Fab) fragments for severe digitalis poisoning. In 27 cases, the
      glycoside was taken with suicidal intent; in 3 cases accidentally and 4 were
      iatrogenic. The following criteria were considered to be indications for use of
      Fab fragments: the appearance of life-threatening arrhythmias such as high-grade
      atrioventricular conduction disorders (grade 2 and 3 A-V block), multifocal
      ectopic beats, ventricular tachycardia, and relapsing ventricular fibrillation.
      Serum digoxin concentrations were between 3.4 and 29ng/ml before the start of
      treatment. Between 240 and 800mg of Fab were administered; the majority of
      patients received 480mg. Regression of arrhythmias was seen between 0.5 and 8
      hours after Fab infusion. There was a rapid fall in the free digoxin in the serum
      to concentrations that were no longer measurable and a marked rise in bound
      digoxin with a simultaneous increase of excretion of bound digoxin in the urine.
      Fab therapy is considered to be a major advance in the treatment of severe,
      previously fatal, glycoside poisoning. No notable side effects or allergic
      reactions were observed.

PMID- 4057325
TI  - Cardiac pacing and central hemodynamics in experimental propoxyphene induced
      shock.
AB  - Coronary sinus pacing was evaluated in 10 pigs with propoxyphene induced cardiac
      failure. During the early phase of intoxication cardiac pacing improved cardiac
      function slightly but significantly worsened it in severely intoxicated animals.
      The results are consistent with marked negative inotropic action of propoxyphene
      in overdose.

PMID- 4057324
TI  - Severe, acute propoxyphene overdose treated with dopamine.
AB  - Six patients suffering from cardiovascular failure due to acute propoxyphene
      overdose, were treated with dopamine infusion in doses of 2-17 microgram/kg/min.
      All patients responded with increased systolic arterial blood pressure, increased
      urinary output and decreased central venous pressure. The two most severely
      poisoned patients showed no increase in heart rate in spite of dopamine infusion
      in positively chronotropic doses. In two out of three patients the initially
      abnormal ECGs normalised during treatment. It is concluded that dopamine seems
      suitable for reversal of propoxyphene induced circulatory failure.

PMID- 4057326
TI  - Medical aspects of environmental pollution. Environmental incidents in the
      Netherlands 1980-1984.
AB  - In the Netherlands since 1980, 16 situations have been identified in which man
      might be exposed to environmental pollutants. This paper provides an overview of
      these incidents and describes how health risk assessments, public studies and
      provision of individual medical toxicological care are dealt with. The importance
      of involving general practitioners and other primary health care personnel at an
      early stage is stressed.

PMID- 4057327
TI  - Biological monitoring of exposure to metallic mercury.
AB  - The concentration of mercury was analysed in 418 paired blood and urine samples
      from 185 workers at three chlorine-alkali plants. The correlation between the
      concentration of mercury in blood and urine and their dependence on age were
      examined. There is a considerably larger variability of the mercury levels in
      urine than in blood. In more than 90% of paired samples, the mercury
      concentration was higher in urine than in blood. The ratio between the mercury
      concentration in blood and urine tends to increase with age indicating a weak
      tendency to age-correlated reduction of renal mercury excretion. As an indicator
      of exposure to mercury vapour, the mercury content of blood is preferable to that
      of urine. Active control measures are recommended when the mercury content of
      blood exceeds 150 nmol/l. When the blood level exceeds 300 nmol/l occupational
      mercury exposure ought to be stopped until the level has decreased to below 100
      nmol/l.

PMID- 4057328
TI  - Arterio-venous plasma concentration differences in amitriptyline overdose.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine whether femoral arterio-venous plasma
      concentration differences (AVD) of amitriptyline exist during acute intoxication
      in man. All patients studied were comatose and were divided into a control group
      who had two successive blood samples drawn from the same vessel and a study group
      who had samples drawn from the femoral artery and vein simultaneously. Serial
      plasma concentrations of amitriptyline were measured by gas liquid
      chromatography. In each group the differences were assessed by means of the
      Wilcoxon matched pairs test. In the control group (n = 13) there were no
      differences (T = 31, n = 12). In the study group (n = 24) the AVD were
      significantly different (T = 52, n = 23). For amitriptyline, the arterial or
      venous origin of blood samples for toxicological studies must be stated.

PMID- 4057330
TI  - Value of routine follow-up in patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the
      head and neck.
AB  - The records of 214 consecutively registered, previously untreated patients with
      squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region were reviewed. Among the 157
      patients considered "free of disease" following the primary treatment 54
      developed recurrences - all but three within three years. Only in patients with
      carcinoma of the larynx treated with radiation alone did follow-up disclose
      recurrences for which further treatment resulted in a significant number of
      cures. For these patients the cure rate was one in 79 routine appointments
      compared to only one cure in 325 appointments for patients with carcinoma in
      other localizations. It seems that our routine follow-up procedure for most types
      of carcinoma is too extensive and that follow-up beyond three years mainly will
      be of value for the possible detection of second primary malignancies.

PMID- 4057329
TI  - Dopamine and isoproterenol in imipramine intoxication in the dog.
AB  - Artificially ventilated anesthetized dogs were given imipramine 7.5 mg/kg/hr i.v.
      In the first group (n = 6) mechanical cardiac activity was no longer detectable
      after a cumulative dose of 20.0 +/- 6.6 mg/kg (mean +/- sd). When aortic flow had
      decreased to 75% of its initial value, in a second group (n = 5) of experiments
      dopamine 10 micrograms/kg/min and in a third group (n = 5) isoproterenol 1
      microgram/kg/min were administered i.v.. The doses of dopamine and isoproterenol
      were doubled when aortic flow had again decreased to 75% and 100%, respectively,
      of the original values. Cardiac mechanical activity was not detectable after a
      cumulative dose of 43.8 +/- 13.3 in the dopamine and 42.5 +/- 8.0 mg
      imipramine/kg in the isoproterenol group. These values differed significantly
      from that in the reference group (both 0.01 greater than p greater than 0.001).
      In the first group plasma imipramine concentrations at the end of the experiments
      were 3.06 +/- 0.66, in the second 3.36 +/- 0.66 and in the third 3.32 +/- 1.10
      mg/1. Desipramine concentrations were 0.078 +/- 0.06, 0.162 +/- 0.076 and 0.383
      +/- 0.09 mg/1 respectively. Dopamine induced a hemodynamic profile of low output
      and high pressure and isoproterenol one of low pressure and high output. It is
      concluded that dopamine combined with isoproterenol might be effective in
      counteracting the cardiodepressant action of imipramine.

PMID- 4057331
TI  - Cancer of the tonsil.
AB  - One hundred and twenty-two patients with cancer of the tonsil presented at the
      University of British Columbia Cancer Control Agency between 1970-80. The results
      of treatment are reviewed. Eight-six patients (70.5%) were treated with
      radiotherapy alone. The overall three year corrected survival rate is 54.4% and
      the five year corrected survival rate is 45.6%. Local control varied from 86% (T1
      lesions) to 47.5% (T3 lesions). Nodal disease was present in 65%. Recurrences
      developed in 55.8% of the patients. Salvage surgery was performed in 15 patients
      with a success rate of 39%. When compared to a study in 1977, results are
      improved. We feel that this was due to more standardized treatment, improved
      salvage surgery, and improved radiation therapy. Findings in this study indicate
      that primary radiotherapy with salvage surgery is a satisfactory treatment
      approach for patients with cancer of the tonsil.

PMID- 4057332
TI  - Radiation effects on the external auditory canal.
AB  - Radiation is used to treat many head and neck tumors, and of necessity the
      temporal bone is sometimes included in the paths of radiation. We studied the
      histopathology of the external auditory canal in 13 temporal bones from 10
      patients who had undergone irradiation for head and neck tumors. The pathologic
      changes noted could be divided into: bony changes, and soft tissue changes. Bony
      changes manifested were those of resorption, fibrosis, empty lacunae, and
      sequestration. There were five soft tissue changes: the formation of a secondary
      cholesteatoma, ulceration of the lining epithelium with resorption of the
      underlying bone, thickened epithelium in the canal as well as in the tympanic
      membrane, subepithelial fibrosis, and atrophic ceruminous glands. Clinically
      these changes can be manifested as a persistent otitis externa, with otorrhea and
      otalgia.

PMID- 4057333
TI  - Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid associated with sarcoidosis.
AB  - A case of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid occurring in association with
      systemic sarcoidosis is reported. Although benign thyroid disorders occurring in
      conjunction with sarcoidosis have previously been documented, a search of the
      literature found no report of thyroid carcinoma occurring in association with
      sarcoidosis. Diagnosis and therapeutic management prove difficult when thyroid
      carcinoma and sarcoidosis co-exist. Transbronchial biopsy of lung lesions is
      warranted in staging thyroid carcinoma in order to exclude the possibility of
      unknown co-existent disease. The management of cervical lymphadenopathy in
      thyroid carcinoma should not be altered because of the presence of sarcoidosis,
      and should include a neck dissection.

PMID- 4057334
TI  - Sarcoidosis of the larynx treated with CO2 laser.
AB  - A case of sarcoidosis of the larynx is described. The definitive treatment
      consisted of transoral partial supraglottic resection using the CO2 laser.
      Longterm follow-up results are shown by a photograph.

PMID- 4057335
TI  - Intracranial meningiomas presenting with epistaxis--case report and literature
      review.
AB  - This paper reports a case of the extracranial extension of meningioma from the
      anterior cranial fossa to the nasal cavity which presented clinically with
      epistaxis. On rare occasions, the initial manifestation of olfactory groove
      meningioma is through ENT symptoms. Both the surgical approach and the relevant
      literature are reviewed.

PMID- 4057336
TI  - Intranasal presentation of a pituitary adenoma.
AB  - Unilateral intranasal polypoidal lesions should always arouse suspicion of
      unusual pathology. A case of an intranasal extension of a pituitary adenoma is
      presented. Fourteen other cases that have been reported in the literature are
      summarized and modalities of treatment of this entity are briefly discussed.

PMID- 4057337
TI  - Thyroglossal duct cyst of the tongue.
AB  - Thyroglossal duct cysts commonly present as midline neck masses with or without
      infection. The presentation of thyroglossal duct cyst on the tongue is quite
      uncommon. The present report reviews the embryology of thyroglossal duct cyst
      development and describes two cases of lingual thyroglossal duct cyst. They
      presented in an infant of two months of age with feeding problems and also in an
      older child four years of age with a mass in the base of the tongue. Both
      patients were managed by marsupialization of the cyst of the tongue. The
      complications of tongue and mandible splitting or cervical approaches were
      avoided and satisfactory control was obtained. It is important to distinguish
      thyroglossal duct cyst of the tongue from other conditions that can affect this
      region.

PMID- 4057338
TI  - Mondini dysplasia--late complications.
AB  - Mondini's deformity is the second most common malformation seen in congenital
      genetic deafness. It is characterized by bony and membranous abnormalities of the
      inner ear, with a wide range of morphological and functional abnormalities. The
      importance of the Mondini malformation is that the patient is at an increased
      risk of developing meningitis or bilateral total hearing loss (or both) at an
      early age. Six cases are presented which illustrate the various sequelae of the
      Mondini malformation including meningitis, vertigo, and auditory deterioration.
      Decompression of the endolymphatic sac was undertaken in three patients. Emphasis
      is placed on the danger of head trauma, even minor, in these patients. The
      necessity of early diagnosis with adequate patient counseling is stressed.

PMID- 4057339
TI  - Morphology of the pericellular capsule in articular cartilage revealed by
      hyaluronidase digestion.
AB  - To allow a more valid comparison between our previous ultrastructural data and
      the immunolocalization of type IX and other minor collagen species in
      cryosectioned cartilage, we examined both normal and testicular hyaluronidase
      digested canine tibial cartilage by electron microscopy. Removal of matrix
      proteoglycans caused the pericellular capsule to collapse against the cell
      surface, suggesting that its normal anatomical position is mediated by
      pericellular matrix hydration. Detailed examination of the pericellular capsule
      and pericellular channel revealed fine, faintly banded fibrils and an amorphous
      component somewhat similar in structure to basement membrane collagens. Matrix
      vesicles and the electron-dense material of the interterritorial matrix were only
      partially digested by hyaluronidase. We propose that the pericellular capsule is
      composed of a "felt-like" network of minor collagen species which act
      synergistically to maintain both the composition of the pericellular matrix and
      the integrity of the chondrocyte/pericellular matrix complex during compressive
      loading.

PMID- 4057340
TI  - An analysis of the structure of the bilaminar lamellae of the hamster egg.
AB  - The unfertilized hamster egg contains a ubiquitous distribution of lamellate
      structures. Normally the lamellae are bilaminar, although occasionally both
      single sheets and multiple sheets are seen. Detailed analysis of the structure of
      a single bilaminar lamella shows that each sheet of the two-sheet structure is
      identical and made up of repeating rhombohedral units whose principal axes are in
      the ratio of 2:1. Each sheet lies at 90 degrees to the other. Using this
      information, a single bilaminar lamella has been reconstructed. This
      reconstruction accounts for its major ultrastructural features.

PMID- 4057341
TI  - Connections between the cristae and the surface of rat heart muscle mitochondria.
AB  - Contrary to the generally accepted rule that there are only two fracture faces
      associated with a membrane, the analysis of double replicas at rat heart muscle
      mitochondria revealed three pairs of complementary replicas with one face in each
      pair exposing the outer surface membrane. The replicas must then expose the
      surfaces of the outer surface membrane and in two of the pairs the fracture had
      passed between the two surface membranes in two alternative ways, either clearly
      between the two membranes or the fracture deviated into and through the inner
      surface membrane at regularly spaced intervals. This deviation reveals that at
      these sites the connection between the two surface membranes is particularly
      firm. The analysis led to the conclusion that these sites correspond to those
      where the stalk-like connections extending from the cristae are connected to the
      inner surface membrane. This way proteinaceous pathways connect the cristae to
      the surface of the mitochondria.

PMID- 4057342
TI  - Immobilized enzymes at the surface of rat heart muscle mitochondria.
AB  - Of the three pairs of complementary replicas mentioned in the previous paper
      (1985, J. Ultrastruct. Res. 91, 38-50) one pair consisted of fracture faces
      exposing the cytoplasmic surface of the outer surface membrane while the
      complementary face exposed the cytosol at the membrane surface. The latter face
      was particulate with randomly distributed particles in the size range of 100 to
      200 A. These particles could be shown to be located in the cytosol at the
      membrane surface. They qualify as particles that are loosely bound to this
      surface, and it is proposed that at least part of these particles consist of
      glycolytic enzymes.

PMID- 4057343
TI  - The effect of extreme acid and alkali changes upon the echogenicity of blood.
AB  - The degree of red cell aggregation is dependent upon multiple conditions. The
      purpose of these experiments was to ultrasonically determine the threshold and
      reversibility of human red cell aggregation to extreme pH changes at varying
      shear rates. Real-time B- and A-mode ultrasonography were used to measure
      echogenicity. Measurements were recorded at original, acidic, and alkaline pH and
      following return of both acidic and alkaline pH to neutral pH levels. The results
      showed that 1) neutral red cell suspensions did not become echogenic at any shear
      rate; 2) acidification produced a shear-related, partly reversible echogenicity;
      and 3) alkalinization caused a less intense but more shear-resistant and less
      reversible echogenicity. Alkalinization produced a microscopically discernible
      greater persistence of intense red cell aggregation. Cell membrane protein loss
      was detected by electrophoresis.

PMID- 4057344
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of pentobarbital and thiamylal as combined anesthetics in sheep.
AB  - This study was performed to investigate the possible mechanisms underlying
      prolongation of anesthesia times in sheep caused by the sequential administration
      of thiamylal and pentobarbital. Sodium thiamylal was injected as an intravenous
      bolus dose (13.2 mg/kg) followed in 7 min by sodium pentobarbital (14.3 mg/kg) by
      the same route to seven sheep. Separate studies were conducted for each of the
      two drugs administered separately to the same animals at the same doses. Mean
      anesthesia times (to the return of the palpebral reflex) were 7.89 min
      (thiamylal), 5.39 min (pentobarbital) and 34.1 min (the sequential combination).
      The kinetic parameters Vd(area), Vd(ss), t 1/2 beta, and ClB for either drug were
      not affected by the other when given in combination. The t 1/2 alpha was shorter,
      and the Vc was smaller, for pentobarbital when administered with thiamylal, while
      there were no changes in thiamylal disposition for the combination regimen.
      Computer-generated curves, associated with the two-compartment open model showing
      the fraction of dose in each compartment as a function of time, illustrated that
      pentobarbital rapidly achieved higher concentrations in the peripheral
      compartment after prior thiamylal administration. Protein-binding studies showed
      that this could not be attributed to displacement of pentobarbital from plasma
      albumin by thiamylal. Calculation of total and free drug concentrations at the
      time of awakening showed that, when the drugs were combined, the concentration of
      each drug was less than half of that observed at awakening when they were studied
      separately. It can be concluded that the prolonged sleeping times associated with
      the sequential combination of the two agents were not due to an alteration in
      kinetic parameters of either drug caused by the other, but rather to an additive
      effect of the subanesthetic concentrations of the two drugs when combined. The
      fact that sleeping times were supra-additive is attributed to a shift of
      awakening time from the distribution (alpha) phase, when given independently, to
      the elimination (beta) phase when administered in combination.

PMID- 4057345
TI  - Cefadroxil in the horse: pharmacokinetics and in vitro antibacterial activity.
AB  - Sodium cefadroxil was administered as a single intravenous dose (25 mg/kg) to six
      healthy adult mares. Plasma samples were collected over a 24-h period and
      cefadroxil concentrations were measured by microbiological assay. The
      pharmacokinetic behavior of the drug was appropriately described in terms of a
      one-compartment open model. Values for the major pharmacokinetic terms were:
      extrapolated initial plasma concentration = 59.2 +/- 15.0 micrograms/ml; half
      life = 46 +/- 20 min; apparent volume of distribution = 462 +/- 191 ml/kg; and
      body clearance = 7.0 +/- 0.6 ml/min.kg. In a subsequent study, a suspension of
      cefadroxil monohydrate was administered intragastrically (25 mg/kg) to the same
      six horses. Plasma concentrations of the drug peaked at 1-2 h but, in general,
      absorption was both poor and inconsistent. The data were unsuitable for
      determination of cefadroxil bioavailability from this oral dosage form. Ninety
      nine isolates of eleven bacterial species obtained from clinically ill horses
      were tested for susceptibility to cefadroxil. All strains of Streptococcus equi,
      Streptococcus zooepidemicus, coagulase-positive staphylococci, Corynebacterium
      pseudotuberculosis and five out of six strains of Actinobacillus suis were highly
      susceptible to the drug (MIC less than 4 micrograms/ml). Escherichia coli,
      Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella sp. showed intermediate susceptibility (MIC
      4-16 micrograms/ml), while all isolates of Corynebacterium (Rhodococcus) equi,
      Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa proved to be highly resistant to
      cefadroxil (MIC greater than 128 micrograms/ml).

PMID- 4057346
TI  - Low-dose ethanol in the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning.
AB  - A pharmacokinetic study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of lower
      doses of ethanol in the treatment of ethylene glycol (EG) poisoning. Four dogs
      were maintained at serum ethanol concentrations of 0, 35 and 140 mg/dl prior to
      EG (i.v., 2 ml/kg) administration. The serum EG concentration-time data showed
      that the 35 mg/dl ethanol level provided as effective an inhibition of EG
      metabolism as did the 140 mg/dl level. The average urinary excretion rate of
      oxalic acid post EG administration was reduced to control levels by ethanol. The
      35 mg/dl serum ethanol level reduced the total body clearance of EG from 93.9 to
      50.0 ml/h/kg and increased the effective half-life from 5.78 to 11.4 h. Clinical
      testing was accomplished by giving the dogs 12 ml EG/kg body weight orally. One
      hour later, the dogs were either not treated or treated with a sodium bicarbonate
      ethanol solution to obtain a serum ethanol concentration of 50 mg/dl. The
      clinical test performed in the ethanol-treated dogs showed little change from
      normal limits. Urine calcium oxalate crystals were seldom found. The dogs given
      EG (12 ml/kg) but not treated with ethanol were in a coma at 13 h and showed
      severe metabolic acidosis, dehydration, mild hepatocellular disease and acute
      renal damage. Urine calcium oxalate crystals were found in high numbers. The
      rapid death associated with EG poisoning appeared to be due to metabolic acidosis
      in combination with dehydration.

PMID- 4057347
TI  - Gallbladder motility in sheep: effects of cholecystokinin and related peptides.
AB  - Gallbladder motility was recorded as tonic and small amplitude (rhythmic)
      contractions in conscious sheep fitted with miniaturized strain-gauge force
      transducers located in the corpus and fundus. Nichrome wire electrodes were
      chronically implanted in the gastroduodenal area. Both tonic and superimposed
      rhythmic gallbladder contractions were increased during feeding. They decreased
      during the periodic phases of antroduodenal quiescence. The excitatory effects on
      gallbladder and antroduodenal motility were mimicked by pilocarpine and blocked
      by atropine. Cholecystokinin (CCK-OP) and caerulein elicited motor responses of
      the gallbladder in a dose-related manner without antroduodenal stimulation. In
      contrast, pentagastrin induced gallbladder motor responses with concomitant
      stimulation of the antroduodenal area. The results suggest that feeding may act
      to trigger gallbladder motor activity through a mechanism related to the
      increased antroduodenal activity. Direct effects of CCK-OP and caerulein confirm
      that gallbladder motor function is also mediated through specific receptor sites.

PMID- 4057348
TI  - Immediate and long-term effects of halothane anesthesia on equine platelet
      function.
AB  - The acute and long-term quantitative and qualitative effects of halothane
      anesthesia on equine platelet performance were studied in fourteen horses. Horses
      were anesthetized with only halothane in O2 for about 8.0 MAC hours. Platelet
      numbers declined during the anesthetic period but returned to normal within 24 h.
      Platelet aggregation was significantly diminished during the anesthetic period
      and for up to 4 days after anesthesia. A period of hyperaggregability occurred at
      the 7th day.

PMID- 4057349
TI  - Disposition of sulfadimidine and its N4-acetyl and hydroxy metabolites in horse
      plasma.
AB  - The plasma disposition of sulfadimidine (SDM) and its metabolites N4
      acetylsulfadimidine (N4-SDM), 6-hydroxymethyl-4-methyl-pyrimidine (SCH2OH) and 5
      hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine (SOH), was studied in three horses following
      intravenous administration of SDM at dose levels of 20 and 200 mg/kg in cross
      over trials. The percentages of N4-SDM (0.58-0.90%), SOH (0.83-6.75%) and SCH2OH
      (0.38-0.71%) in plasma, expressed as a percentage of the total sulfonamide
      concentration, were small and their plasma concentrations were parallel with SDM
      from 4 h following administration. At high doses (200 mg/kg), the elimination
      half-life was slightly longer than at low doses (6.0, 10.5, 11.0 vs 5.0, 9.5,
      9.5, respectively). The plasma protein binding was related to the dose; it was
      for the 20 and 200 mg/kg doses, respectively:SDM:61.5-73.3% and 50.5-52.1%; SOH:
      47.1-71.0% and 36.7-39.5%, and for N4-SDM: 45.9-63.2% and 38.3-53.7%. The protein
      binding for SCH2OH, measured in samples obtained at the high dose level, ranged
      from 13.8 to 20.0%.

PMID- 4057351
TI  - Loading and maintenance dosage regimens for theophylline in horses.

PMID- 4057350
TI  - Some dynamic and toxic effects of theophylline in horses.
AB  - A single intravenous administration of theophylline as aminophylline at 10 mg/kg
      to four mares induced a diuresis in which maximal urine production was more than
      seven times the control volume. The diuretic effect was maximal within the first
      hour post-administration, and lasted approximately 6 h. Theophylline resulted in
      dose-related tachycardia, polypnoea and nervous symptoms (tactile, visual and
      auditory hypersensitivity, muscle tremor, sweating) in normal mares, but had only
      minor effects on arterial and central venous blood pressures, intrapleural
      pressure, red blood cell variables and plasma proteins. The upper limit of safe
      plasma theophylline concentration in horses is approximately 15 micrograms/ml.
      Whenever feasible, the oral or intragastric route of administration should be
      used as it is safer than the intravenous route.

PMID- 4057352
TI  - Investigation of gelatin as a possible biodegradable matrix for sustained
      delivery of gentamicin to the bovine eye.

PMID- 4057353
TI  - Effect of neuraminidase treatment of cells and effect of soluble glycoproteins on
      type 3 reovirus attachment to murine L cells.
AB  - The effect of pretreatment of murine L cells with bacterial neuraminidases on
      type 3 reovirus attachment was examined. We observed that such treatments
      resulted in a 60 to 80% decrease of subsequent attachment of 35S-labeled type 3
      reovirus in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This result was specific for
      removal of cell surface sialic acid residues since the specific neuraminidase
      inhibitor 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-n-acetyl neuraminic acid completely prevented the
      observed effect. Although the total amount of radiolabeled virus bound to
      neuraminidase-treated cells was greatly reduced, unlabeled reovirus competed only
      slightly less efficiently for the attachment of 35S-labeled reovirus to
      neuraminidase-treated versus mock-treated L cells, suggesting that the
      specificity of the virus interaction with cellular receptor sites was only
      slightly diminished. Saturation experiments with mock-treated cells or with cells
      treated with Vibrio cholerae or with V. cholerae plus Arthrobacter ureafaciens
      neuraminidases indicated that the number of specific cellular receptor sites for
      type 3 reovirus were reduced by about 47%. We determined that under the
      neuraminidase digestion conditions used in this experiment we were able to remove
      a maximum 75% of the total N-acetylneuraminic acid of L cells. Our results also
      demonstrated that glycoproteins bearing a large amount of sialic acid containing
      oligosaccharides as well as purified N-acetylneuraminic acid, N
      glycolylneuraminic acid, and N-acetylneuraminyl lactose were inhibitors of
      attachment, while proteins containing no sialic acid or negligible amounts of
      sialic acid did not inhibit attachment. High concentrations of various
      monosaccharides and lactose had no effect on reovirus attachment, in agreement
      with the recent results of Armstrong and his collaborators (Armstrong et al.,
      Virology, 138:37-48, 1984). These data are also supported by the observation that
      gangliosides are inhibitors of viral attachment (Armstrong et al., Virology,
      138:37-48, 1984). Taken together, our results suggest that cell surface sialic
      acid-containing glycoconjugates are involved in type 3 reovirus binding to murine
      L cells.

PMID- 4057354
TI  - Partial block to transcription of human adenovirus type 2 late genes in
      abortively infected monkey cells.
AB  - The block to efficient growth of human adenovirus in monkey cells results in
      depressed synthesis of late viral polypeptides. This is attributable in part to
      reduced steady-state levels of the encoding mRNAs. To identify the molecular
      basis for the reduction in late cytoplasmic mRNA, we compared nuclear RNA
      synthesis and cytoplasmic mRNA stability in monkey cells abortively infected with
      wild-type adenovirus serotype 2 (Ad2) and productively infected with the host
      range mutant of Ad2, Ad2hr400, or productively infected with Ad2 plus simian
      virus 40. The half-lives of cytoplasmic mRNA from late gene families L3 (hexon),
      L4 (100K protein), and L5 (fiber) are similar in abortively and productively
      infected cells. However, the rate of RNA transcription is reduced 4- to 10-fold
      and correlates with the reductions in steady-state levels of cytoplasmic RNA. The
      depression in the rate of transcription cannot be accounted for by a difference
      in the amount of viral DNA present in abortively and productively infected cells.
      These studies also suggest that transcription from the major late promoter of Ad2
      prematurely terminates in both monkey cells and human cells during the late phase
      of infection. Premature termination appears to be enhanced in abortive compared
      with productive infections of monkey cells and may contribute to the reduction in
      rates of nuclear RNA synthesis. Since the simian virus 40 T antigen or the
      adenovirus host-range mutant DNA-binding protein overcome these transcriptional
      impediments, these proteins are either directly or indirectly involved in
      transcriptional regulation of Ad2 late gene expression.

PMID- 4057355
TI  - Characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutant of vaccinia virus reveals a
      novel function that prevents virus-induced breakdown of RNA.
AB  - We have attempted to characterize the molecular defect in a temperature-sensitive
      mutant of vaccinia virus, ts22, which has an abortive late phenotype. At the
      nonpermissive temperature, ts22 displays normal viral protein synthesis until 8 h
      postinfection. Between 8 and 10 h after infection all viral protein synthesis
      ceases abruptly. Characterization of ts22 revealed that (i) primary transcription
      of late viral genes was not grossly impaired, (ii) late viral mRNA was
      biologically inactive since it could not stimulate in vitro protein synthesis,
      and (iii) extensive cleavage of rRNA and late viral mRNA occurred at the time
      that viral protein synthesis aborted in vivo. These data suggest that ts22 is
      defective in a function which prevents host rRNA and viral mRNA from being
      degraded. Inhibitor studies with cytosine arabinoside and cycloheximide showed
      that induction of and protection from rRNA breakdown occurred at approximately
      the same time during infection and required late viral gene expression. The viral
      protein synthesis pattern observed in vaccinia virus-infected cells treated with
      the drug isatin-beta-thiosemicarbazone was strikingly similar to that observed in
      ts22-infected cells at the nonpermissive temperature (J. Cooper, B. Moss, and E.
      Katz, Virology 96:381-392, 1979). Analysis of rRNA integrity in isatin-beta
      thiosemicarbazone-treated, vaccinia virus-infected cells revealed extensive
      cleavage of rRNA, suggesting that the ts22 and drug inhibitor may function in the
      same pathway.

PMID- 4057356
TI  - Individual adenovirus type 5 early region 1A gene products elicit distinct
      alterations of cellular morphology and gene expression.
AB  - Adenovirus early region 1A (E1A), which gives rise to three overlapping
      transcripts, was inserted into a murine leukemia virus-derived vector, and
      recombinant viruses were used to prepare permanent cell lines of NIH 3T3 cells
      containing DNA copies of the individual 13S, 12S, and 9S mRNAs. Integrated
      proviral copies of the recombinant genomes were rescued as bacterial plasmids
      from each of the cell lines, and the DNA sequence of E1A was demonstrated to be a
      precise copy of the individual transcripts. The DNA copies were shown to be
      expressed as part of the full-length retroviral transcript by S1 nuclease
      analysis, and the synthesis of their encoded polypeptides was demonstrated by
      immunoprecipitation. Those cell lines expressing the polypeptide encoded by the
      13S transcript were shown to contain that function required for regulating the
      accumulation of mRNAs from adenovirus early genes by their ability to complement
      the adenovirus type 5 E1A deletion mutant dl312. Cell lines expressing
      polypeptides encoded by the 13S, 12S, and 9S transcripts showed characteristic
      alterations in morphology. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of total cellular
      protein derived from the three cell lines demonstrated that each E1A gene product
      elicits specific alterations in the patterns of proteins expressed. Studies of
      the expression of two specific genes, those encoding fibronectin and collagen
      type 1, indicated that the observed alteration in levels of the two proteins
      results from a reduction in RNA levels induced by E1A functions.

PMID- 4057357
TI  - Molecular composition of the adenovirus type 2 virion.
AB  - The representation of the different structural polypeptides within the adenovirus
      virion has been accurately determined, and the particle molecular weight has been
      derived. A stoichiometric analysis was performed with [35S]methionine as a
      radiolabel, and analytical sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis was used to separate the polypeptides. The recently available
      sequence of the adenovirus type 2 genome was used to determine the number of
      methionines in each polypeptide. The resulting relative representation was placed
      on an absolute scale by using the known number of hexon polypeptides per virion.
      The analysis provides new information on the composition of the vertex region,
      which has been the subject of some controversy. Penton base was found to be
      present in 60 copies, distributed as pentamers at each of the 12 vertices. Three
      fiber monomers were associated with one penton base to form the penton complex.
      Polypeptide IX was present in 240 copies per virion and 12 copies per group-of
      nine hexons, supporting a model proposed earlier for the distribution of this
      protein. The location of polypeptide IX explains the dissociation of the virus
      outer capsid into groups-of-nine hexons. The penton base was microheterogeneous,
      and the relative amounts suggest that the symmetry mismatch, which occurs within
      the penton complex between base and fiber, is resolved by the synthesis of penton
      base polypeptides from two closely spaced start codons.

PMID- 4057358
TI  - Isolation and characterization of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to vaccinia
      virus.
AB  - Cells producing neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to UV-inactivated
      vaccinia virus strain WR were derived by fusion of hyperimmunized mouse spleen
      cells with mouse myeloma cells. Three mAbs that reacted strongly with purified
      virus envelopes as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were studied.
      The three mAbs recognized a 14,000-molecular-weight (14K) envelope protein of
      vaccinia virus and were shown to be immunoglobulin G2b (mAbC3 and mAbB11) and
      immunoglobulin M (mAbF11). By using ascites, one of the antibodies, mAbC3,
      neutralized (50%) virus infectivity with a titer of about 10(-4), whereas the
      others exhibited lower neutralization titers of 10(-2) to 10(-3). The binding of
      the mAbs to vaccinia virus did not alter virus attachment to cells. However,
      virus uncoating was extensively blocked by mAbC3, whereas mAbB11 and mAbF11 had
      little or no effect. The three mAbs recognized a similar 14K protein in cowpox,
      rabbitpox, and vaccinia Elstree strains, indicating a high degree of protein
      conservation among orthopoxviruses. Based on the binding of mAbs to V-8 protease
      cleavage products of the 14K protein, the extent of protein recognition for other
      poxviruses, and differences in the degree of virus neutralization and of virus
      uncoating into cells, we suggest that the three mAbs recognize different domains
      of vaccinia 14K viral envelope protein. Furthermore, our findings indicate that
      the 14K protein may play a role in virus penetration.

PMID- 4057359
TI  - Genetic reassortment of mammalian reoviruses in mice.
AB  - Reassortments between type 1 (Lang) and type 3 (Dearing) reoviruses were isolated
      from suckling mice infected perorally with an inoculum containing both type 1 and
      type 3 viruses. A total of five distinct reassortants (designated as E1 through
      E5) were isolated from animals during the course of the experiment. Two
      reassortants (E1 and E2) represented the majority of the reassortants isolated.
      The majority of genes of types E1 and E2 were derived from type 1 (Lang).
      However, E1 had an M2 gene and an S1 gene derived from type 3 (Dearing), while E2
      had M2 and S2 genes derived from type 3 (Dearing). Thus, nonrandom reassortment
      between mammalian reoviruses can be demonstrated in vivo.

PMID- 4057360
TI  - Wound tumor virus polypeptide synthesis in productive noncytopathic infection of
      cultured insect vector cells.
AB  - Inoculation of the leafhopper cell line AC-20 with wound tumor virus resulted in
      a productive noncytopathic infection with no detectable alteration of cellular
      protein synthesis. Virus-specific polypeptide synthesis, detectable by 8 h
      postinoculation, increased in a linear fashion, reaching a peak (approximately 10
      to 15% of total protein synthesis) by 48 h postinoculation. The rate of viral
      protein synthesis continued at this level for several days but declined, relative
      to cellular protein synthesis, as infected cells were passaged. By passage 10,
      the synthesis of viral polypeptides was reduced to a level approximately 5% of
      that observed at 48 h postinoculation. Viral protein synthesis was not stimulated
      by superinfection. Viral antigens and infectious virus persisted in the majority
      (greater than 90%) of cells in an infected culture even after more than 100
      passages. The synthesis of wound tumor virus polypeptides in infected insect
      vector cells appears to be regulated in a coordinated and selective manner.

PMID- 4057361
TI  - Stabilities and interrelations of multiple species of human adenovirus type 5
      early region 1 proteins in infected and transformed cells.
AB  - Early region 1A (E1A) of human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) produces two mRNAs coding
      for phosphoproteins of 289 and 243 residues (289R and 243R). Each of these
      products has been shown to migrate on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels as two major
      and two minor species. In the present study, the stabilities of E1A polypeptides,
      as well as those of some other early Ad5 proteins, were studied in infected KB
      cells that were pulse-labeled with [35S]methionine and then chased in the
      presence or absence of cycloheximide. The E1B 58,000- and 19,000-molecular-weight
      proteins (58K and 19K proteins; 496R and 176R) as well as the E2A 72K DNA-binding
      protein were relatively stable over the 4-h chase period; turnover was less than
      30%. The E1A species were considerably more unstable, with an overall half-life
      of about 60 min. Interestingly, it was found that when cycloheximide was present
      during the chase, E1A proteins were much more stable, and the half-life increased
      to about 240 min. Analysis of the stabilities of individual E1A species indicated
      that the products of the 1.1-kilobase mRNA (289R) had half lives (about 55 min)
      somewhat shorter than those (about 90 min) of the 0.9-kilobase mRNA products
      (243R). In addition, the faster-migrating species produced from each mRNA
      (molecular weights, 48,500 and 45,000) had significantly shorter half-lives than
      did the slower-migrating species (52,000 and 50,000). In the presence of
      cycloheximide, the faster-migrating species were still quite short-lived, but the
      half-lives of the 52K and 50K species were considerably increased. An examination
      of the kinetics of turnover of the various E1A species suggested that the faster
      migrating forms may be precursors to the slower-migrating ones. Somewhat similar
      stabilities were also found for the various E1A species in Ad5-transformed 293
      cells.

PMID- 4057362
TI  - Glomerular filtration response to acute ureteral obstruction in the dog.
AB  - In order to assess the glomerular filtration responses to acute ureteral
      obstruction in the dog we employed an established method that does not require
      timed urine collections. Our results show a 57 per cent increase in renal blood
      flow (baseline: 203.8 +/- 50.9 vs. 319 +/- 69.4 ml./min. at 105 minutes; no. = 7)
      that was associated with a monophasic decrease in filtration fraction to -70 per
      cent at 120 minutes (0.26 +/- 0.025 vs. 0.08 +/- 0.007) and an increase in
      ureteral pressure to 63.1 +/- 6.1 mm. Hg at 120 minutes. A biphasic GFR response
      was noted with an initial small increase (baseline: 32.5 +/- 7.5 vs. 36.3 +/-
      11.0 ml./min. at 2 minutes) followed by a continual decline to -55 per cent at
      120 minutes (to 14.5 +/- 2.6 ml./min.). This investigation has confirmed the
      results of micropuncture studies showing maintenance of GFR early after complete
      ureteral ligation.

PMID- 4057363
TI  - Cytometrically monitored neoplastic progression in the Nb bladder cancer model:
      selective proliferation of variant subpopulations.
AB  - The identification and understanding of neoplasm heterogeneity is essential to
      allow for more individually oriented treatment modalities. There is a tendency to
      limit the analysis of neoplasm heterogeneity to diagnostic classification only;
      however, recently refined methods of rapid subpopulation analysis should expand
      this restricted usage to monitoring of chemotherapeutic treatment. The
      documentation of the neoplastic progression of the Nb rat bladder cancer model as
      a function of variant subpopulation proliferation and selection is reported
      herein. This documentation represents the efforts of this laboratory to develop a
      flow cytometrically monitored animal bladder tumor model to evaluate the in vivo
      effects of chemotherapies on neoplastic subpopulations; particularly those
      subpopulations potentially metastatic or resistant to therapy. It is anticipated
      that this will increase our understanding of this model, and more specifically,
      tumor biology. This particular tumor initially occurred in an aged Noble male
      breeder rat.

PMID- 4057364
TI  - Diurnal anti-diuretic-hormone levels in enuretics.
AB  - The diurnal antidiuretic hormone levels were studied in eleven enuretics and
      related to urine production and functional bladder capacity. A fluid deprivation
      test monitoring antidiuretic hormone levels was undertaken in four patients. The
      study suggests that the normal increase in nighttime antidiuretic hormone levels
      is absent in enuretics, who show a stable hormone level both day and night.
      Consequently the volume of night urine production approximates day urine
      production per hour. The functional bladder capacity was clearly exceeded at
      night in eight of eleven patients. The fluid deprivation test showed a normal
      response to fluid deprivation. In conclusion, the study adds further evidence
      that bladder capacity is a major factor in enuresis. Urine volumes that exceed
      bladder capacity at night may be caused by a lack of diurnal rhythmicity in
      antidiuretic hormone levels.

PMID- 4057366
TI  - The American Urological Association: 1984-1985.

PMID- 4057365
TI  - Changes in vascular resistance in the feline urinary bladder in response to
      bladder filling.
AB  - The effect of bladder filling on vesical blood flow was studied in anesthetized
      cats. The pelvic nerves were sectioned and the bladder venous outflow was
      recorded by a drop counter. Filling of the bladder induced a sustained increase
      in vesical blood flow, related to the bladder volume. Thus, injection of 10, 20
      and 30 ml. of saline decreased bladder vascular resistance by 27, 47 and 52 per
      cent, respectively. This vasodilation occurred despite a steady state increase in
      bladder pressure by 25 to 50 cm. H2O. Upon emptying of the bladder, blood flow
      decreased towards control values. The response was unaffected by alpha
      adrenoceptor blockade (phentolamine), beta-adrenoceptor blockade (propranolol)
      and muscarinic cholinoceptor blockade (atropine). The vasodilation was eliminated
      by papaverine, indicating that the response was not due to a rearrangement of the
      vessels at large bladder volumes. The vasodilation was not associated with any
      increase in the concentrations of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) or
      substance P in the venous effluent blood. Indomethacin significantly reduced the
      vasodilatation induced by filling. We conclude that local mechanisms, possibly
      involving release of prostaglandins, are involved in the vasodilation following
      bladder distension.

PMID- 4057367
TI  - Flow cytometric determinations of ploidy and proliferation patterns of adrenal
      neoplasms: an adjunct to histological classification.
AB  - Flow cytometric deoxyribonucleic acid measurements were performed with propidium
      iodide on 7 adrenal neoplasms and 4 normal adrenal glands to determine how useful
      this technique would be in defining malignancy. The 4 cases classified
      histologically as carcinoma all had aneuploid stemlines of 2.7, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.6c
      respectively, whereas the 4 normal glands and an aldosteronoma had only a small
      percentage (less than 10 per cent) of hyperdiploid cells (greater than 2c) at the
      tetraploid level (4c). A pheochromocytoma and benign adenoma had significant
      tetraploid populations of 30 and 18 per cent, respectively, with no evidence of
      aneuploid cells. Flow cytometry determination of deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy
      values is an accurate, objective, quantitative mean to identify adrenal
      malignancy and should have a role in the pathological evaluation of adrenal
      neoplasms.

PMID- 4057368
TI  - Graphic display of urinary risk factors for renal stone formation.
AB  - From the analysis of various urinary constituents and the estimation of urinary
      saturation of stone-forming salts, it is now possible to identify risk factors
      responsible for or contributing to stone formation. Metabolic factors included
      calcium, oxalate, uric acid, citrate and pH. Environmental factors were total
      volume, sodium, sulfate, phosphate and magnesium. Physicochemical factors
      represented saturation of calcium oxalate, brushite, monosodium urate, struvite
      and uric acid. A scheme for graphic display of risk factors was developed to
      allow ready visual recognition of important risk factors presumed to cause stone
      formation. This graphic display had diagnostic use as well as practical value in
      following response to treatment. For example, a low urinary pH and high urinary
      concentration of undissociated uric acid could be discerned readily in cases of
      uric acid lithiasis, as were high urinary pH and exaggerated urinary
      supersaturation of struvite in cases of infection lithiasis. In a patient with
      absorptive hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia treatment with thiazide and
      potassium citrate could be shown to abolish high risks (hypercalciuria,
      hypocitraturia and relative supersaturation of calcium oxalate) displayed before
      treatment.

PMID- 4057369
TI  - The true composition of kidney stones passed during triamterene therapy.
AB  - The potassium-sparing agent triamterene and its metabolites have been identified
      as components of kidney stones passed by patients receiving that drug. We have
      analyzed 66 such kidney stones by use of quantitative thin-layer chromatography.
      The stones contained not only the unchanged triamterene but also significant
      amounts of an intermediate metabolite, hydroxytriamterene, and large amounts of
      the sulfate ester of hydroxytriamterene. Of the stones 49 per cent contained less
      than 5 per cent triamterene and its metabolites, and no stone comprised 100 per
      cent triamterene-derived material. Of all the triamterene-related material
      unchanged triamterene dominated. However, the relative fractions of triamterene
      and hydroxytriamterene in the kidney stones exceeded the relative fractions of
      these 2 components in the urine.

PMID- 4057370
TI  - Localized genital edema in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis.
AB  - Localized genital edema occurred in 8 of 81 patients (10 per cent) undergoing
      continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Underlying causes included defects in
      the inguinal canal and noninguinal peritoneal leaks that were localized with
      clinical, radiographic and scintigraphic techniques. Management included
      temporary cessation of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis exchanges in
      half of the patients, particularly those with recently inserted catheters.
      Surgical repair was recommended in all cases when inguinal defects were
      identified. Edema resolved permanently in 6 patients and all patients were able
      to remain on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 4057371
TI  - Treatment of bladder carcinoma in patients more than 80 years old.
AB  - We reviewed 26 patients more than 80 years old with bladder carcinoma to
      determine if an active surgical policy is justified. Ten patients with
      superficial carcinoma were treated with transurethral resection; none died of
      cancer and half have survived 5 years. Of 16 patients with invasive carcinoma 9
      underwent total cystectomy with urinary diversion and 2 underwent partial
      cystectomy. There was no operative mortality. Postoperative complications were
      not serious. Five of the 9 patients who underwent total cystectomy are alive,
      with a mean survival of 35 months. The 4-year crude survival rate was 50 per
      cent. Both patients who underwent partial cystectomy died within 2 years. One
      patient treated with radiotherapy alone and 1 without any treatment have survived
      2 years. These results suggest that contrary to the general tendency towards
      conservative treatment, a curative operation is worth attempting in elderly
      patients with bladder carcinoma.

PMID- 4057372
TI  - Long-term results with the Jonas malleable penile prosthesis.
AB  - Long-term assessment (mean followup 30 months) of patient-partner satisfaction
      and device reliability was done in 100 patients who had undergone implantation of
      a Jonas malleable penile prosthesis. Evaluation included an extensive
      questionnaire and radiographs of the prosthesis. The long-term satisfaction rate
      was 84 per cent and 2 patients had wire fractures. A life-table analysis was
      performed with the data from 78 patients who had completed the questionnaire and
      who had a radiograph of the original implanted device. The probability of having
      a device without mechanical failure at 23.6 months was estimated to be 96.1 per
      cent. Thereafter, no additional mechanical failures occurred in units followed up
      to a maximum of 44 months.

PMID- 4057373
TI  - Voluntary contractions in the female urethra.
AB  - The continence mechanism of the female urethra has been investigated by a method
      that makes possible simultaneous recording of an induced intraurethral pressure
      and the related cross-sectional area. Muscular work, power and velocity of
      contraction could be calculated on the basis of these recordings at rest and
      during voluntary contractions of the pelvic floor. With these parameters it was
      possible to demonstrate 2 different components in the continence function: one in
      the mid urethra that maintains the closure pressure at rest and another more
      proximally in the urethra that is capable of fast, powerful contractions.

PMID- 4057374
TI  - Comparative study of Hodgson I and King's methods of 1-stage hypospadias repair.
AB  - We compared the surgical results of the Hodgson I and King's methods of repair
      with and without urinary diversion in 33 patients with juxtaglandular to mid
      shaft hypospadias and mild to moderate chordee. Over-all, fistulas developed
      along the suture line in 4 patients, of whom only one underwent urinary
      diversion. Of 21 cases in which King's method of repair was done only 1 fistula
      developed. Of the 12 cases repaired by the Hodgson I method fistulas developed in
      3 and 1 had a stricture at the site of the new urethro-urethral anastomosis. The
      best surgical results were achieved in those patients who had undergone King's
      method of repair with urinary diversion.

PMID- 4057375
TI  - Weight loss, anemia and left upper quadrant mass in a 59-year-old man with
      congestive heart failure.

PMID- 4057376
TI  - Flow cytometry and adrenal cortical tumors.

PMID- 4057377
TI  - Flow cytometry in feminizing adrenocortical carcinoma.
AB  - A case of feminizing adrenal cortical neoplasm is presented in which automated
      flow cytometry determination of deoxyribonucleic acid content was used to confirm
      malignancy.

PMID- 4057378
TI  - A new technique for the transurethral or percutaneous removal of renal stones.
AB  - This new technique uses a cystoscopically placed torque guide wire and catheters
      to deliver a stone basket to the renal calix containing the stone. Under
      fluoroscopic control the basket, placed through a 9F catheter, is used to
      dislodge and capture the stone. The stone-containing basket and catheter then are
      removed transurethrally or percutaneously. This procedure was used to remove
      small caliceal stones in 3 patients undergoing ureteral stone manipulation, and
      it facilitated the percutaneous removal of a larger stone in the upper pole
      infundibulum in 1 patient.

PMID- 4057379
TI  - Emphysematous pyelonephritis complicated by hemorrhage, diagnosed by computerized
      tomography scan.
AB  - Emphysematous pyelonephritis complicated by a perirenal hematoma was diagnosed by
      computerized tomography. The computerized tomography scan was normal 3 months
      previously. Computerized tomography may be the procedure of choice to diagnose
      and stage emphysematous pyelonephritis.

PMID- 4057380
TI  - Renal hypertension secondary to perirenal pseudocyst: resolution by percutaneous
      drainage.
AB  - We report a case of renal hypertension 6 months after a panhysterectomy for
      cervical cancer. Clinical investigation revealed that recurrent cancer obstructed
      the left ureter, resulting in the formation of a gigantic perirenal pseudocyst
      and, subsequently, hypertension. Constriction of the renal parenchyma was
      responsible for the overactivity of the renin-angiotensin system (the Page
      phenomenon). Ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage relieved the symptomatology
      completely.

PMID- 4057381
TI  - Type I ureteral triplication: an extension of the Weigert-Meyer law.
AB  - We report a case of type I ureteral triplication and document the locations of
      the ureteral orifices corresponding to the renal segments. The ureter from the
      uppermost renal segment issued onto the urethrovaginal septum and caused wetting.
      The wetting was cured by high ureteroureterostomy. Our findings are consistent
      with those expected by the Weigert-Meyer law.

PMID- 4057382
TI  - Benign fibroepithelial polyps as a cause of intermittent ureteropelvic junction
      obstruction in a child: a case report and review of the literature.
AB  - A 10-year-old boy had intermittent ureteropelvic junction obstruction that proved
      to be owing to benign fibroepithelial polyps. The clinical features and
      management of this rare lesion are discussed.

PMID- 4057383
TI  - Ileal conduit diversion from a bivalved kidney.
AB  - We report 2 successful cases of ileal conduit diversion from a bivalved kidney.
      Both patients had a single kidney and were in chronic renal failure. Cutaneous
      diversion had malfunctioned because of intrarenal obstruction of tuberculous
      origin. The kidney was bivalved and anastomosed to an isolated ileal segment. The
      lower end of the ileal segment was brought to the abdominal skin as a stoma.
      Postoperatively, renal function was aggravated temporarily. During the followup
      periods of 2 years and 1 year 6 months neither patient had evidence of renal
      deterioration. This type of urinary diversion seems acceptable for relieving
      infundibular stricture with chronic renal failure.

PMID- 4057384
TI  - Parastomal ileal conduit-enteric fistula.
AB  - We report an unusual and late complication of ileal conduit urinary diversion.
      Eight years following stomal revision a fistula occurred between the ileum
      contained within an occult parastomal hernia and the opening of the ileal
      conduit.

PMID- 4057385
TI  - Enteroplasty to ablate bowel contractions in the reconstructed bladder: a case
      report.
AB  - A technique using a large and small bowel segment to ablate bowel contractions is
      reported. This procedure resulted in urinary continence and preservation of the
      upper tracts. The technique may be applied when significant bowel contractions
      result in urinary incontinence or renal deterioration.

PMID- 4057386
TI  - Epidermoid cysts of the testicle.
AB  - We report 4 cases of intratesticular cystic lesions. Three patients had
      epidermoid cysts and 1 had cystic mature teratoma initially diagnosed as an
      epidermoid cyst. In all cases an inguinal approach to testicular exploration was
      used.

PMID- 4057387
TI  - Ejaculatory duct obstruction: the case for aggressive diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - Ejaculatory duct obstruction is considered a rare cause of infertility. Based on
      the results of treatment in our 5 patients and a review of 14 additional well
      documented cases we were able to classify these patients prognostically. Whereas
      congenital and acquired noninfectious obstructions are amenable to a
      transurethral operation in as many as 57 to 67 per cent of the cases, all
      obstructions secondary to genital infections failed treatment.

PMID- 4057388
TI  - Unusual clinical presentation of a patient with absent inferior vena cava.
AB  - We report a case of an absent inferior vena cava that presented clinically in an
      unusual manner. We believe this condition was caused by a combination of
      congenital and acquired factors. With the advent of modern imaging techniques
      such cases are being found with increasing frequency.

PMID- 4057389
TI  - Re: The eleventh rib transcostal incision: technique for extrapleural approach.

PMID- 4057390
TI  - Re: Evaluation of erectile dysfunction in patients with Peyronie's disease.

PMID- 4057391
TI  - Re: Management of recurrent urinary stress incontinence by the Marshall-Marchetti
      Krantz vesicourethropexy.

PMID- 4057392
TI  - Re: Dissolution of uric acid calculi with systemic alkalization.

PMID- 4057393
TI  - Growth of urinary transitional cell carcinoma cell lines in agar, agarose and
      methyl cellulose.
AB  - Because in vitro cell growth of transitional cell carcinoma explants and cell
      lines often fail to adequately proliferate in semisolid media, we have examined
      the effect of agents used to make media semisolid (methyl cellulose, Bacto-agar,
      Sea Plaque agarose and Sea Prep 15/45 agarose) on the in vitro growth of 11
      transitional cell carcinoma cell lines. The growth of human transitional cell
      carcinoma lines was supported such that agents permissive for growth ranked as
      follows: Sea Plaque agarose approximately Sea Prep agarose greater than methyl
      cellulose greater than Bacto-agar. These observations have important implications
      for the in vitro study of transitional cell carcinoma cell lines and are relevant
      to the development of improved chemosensitivity determinations for human
      transitional cell carcinoma.

PMID- 4057394
TI  - Repeated urine cell culture in soft agar: potential role in follow-up of patients
      with transitional cell carcinoma.
AB  - To evaluate the persistence of cells with clonogenic properties in patients being
      treated for transitional cell carcinoma, 272 urine samples were collected from 75
      patients and cultured in a double layer soft agar "cloning" system. The
      development of colonies was evaluated with growth curves based on repeated colony
      counting with an Omnicon automated colony counter at regular time intervals.
      Forty-eight patients had at least one evaluable culture. Comparing the results of
      colony development in culture with the clinical evaluation of the patients, 9
      patients had a histologically proven recurrence preceded or accompanied by tumor
      colony growth in urine culture. One patient had tumor recurrence with growth
      negative urine culture (false negative). Fifteen patients have had growth
      negative urine culture with a negative follow-up (mean 19.5 months). Twenty-one
      patients have had growth positive urine cell cultures with no recurrence in their
      follow-up (mean 18.7 months). Although the follow-up times are at present
      relatively short, the present study suggests that repeated soft agar urine
      culture of patients with low-grade, low-stage bladder carcinoma may provide a
      means for identifying those patients at a higher risk for recurrence/progression
      of their disease.

PMID- 4057395
TI  - Percutaneous removal of kidney stones: review of 1,000 cases.
AB  - We report the results of 1,000 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous
      removal of renal and ureteral stones. Removal was successful for 98.3 per cent of
      the targeted renal stones and 88.2 per cent of the ureteral stones.
      Complications, evolution and technique are discussed. Percutaneous techniques are
      an effective way to handle the majority of renal calculi and these techniques
      will continue to be important as shock wave lithotripsy becomes more widespread
      in the United States.

PMID- 4057396
TI  - Emphysematous pyelonephritis: a 5-year experience with 13 patients.
AB  - Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a life-threatening necrotizing renal infection
      characterized by the production of gas. Of 8,105 admissions to our diabetes
      service during the last 5 years we identified 13 cases. The patients were managed
      aggressively with fluids and antibiotics, followed by immediate nephrectomy. The
      mortality rate is 40 to 50 per cent, primarily owing to sudden septic
      complications.

PMID- 4057397
TI  - Renal revascularization by end-to-end anastomosis of the hepatic and renal
      arteries.
AB  - From June 1981 to January 1984, 13 patients with atherosclerotic renal artery
      disease underwent revascularization by end-to-end anastomosis of the hepatic and
      renal arteries. Renal revascularization was indicated to preserve renal function
      and/or to treat associated hypertension. An aortorenal bypass was not possible
      owing to severe aortic atherosclerosis or a prior aortic operation. Right renal
      revascularization was performed by end-to-end anastomosis of the renal artery to
      the common hepatic artery in 7 patients, right hepatic artery in 4, left hepatic
      artery in 1 or gastroduodenal artery in 1. Postoperatively, 2 patients suffered a
      necrotic gallbladder owing to ischemia and 1 of these patients died. Liver
      enzymes were elevated immediately postoperatively in 11 patients but returned to
      normal within 2 weeks in each case. Currently, all 12 surviving patients have
      normal liver function, well controlled blood pressure and improved renal
      function. End-to-end anastomosis of the hepatic and renal arteries is an
      effective method of revascularization but specific measures must be taken to
      avoid complications of gallbladder ischemia.

PMID- 4057398
TI  - Renal cell carcinoma as an incidental finding.
AB  - We reviewed the manner of presentation and tumor stage in 56 consecutive patients
      with renal cell carcinoma treated surgically between 1961 and 1973 (group 1) and
      compared them to 46 patients treated similarly between 1980 and 1984 (group 2).
      In group 1, 7 cases (13 per cent) were discovered incidentally compared to 22
      cases (48 per cent) in group 2. The tumor stage was lower in the incidentally
      discovered cases than in cases when the diagnosis was suspected. The 5-year
      survival rates of the incidental cases in group 1 tended to be better. Routine
      use of excretory urography, computerized tomography, ultrasound, bone scans and
      other effective diagnostic studies has led to earlier diagnosis, lower stage and
      possibly better survival in incidentally found cases of renal cell carcinoma than
      in cases when the diagnosis was suspected.

PMID- 4057399
TI  - Stented versus nonstented ureteroileal anastomoses: is there a difference with
      regard to leak and stricture?
AB  - We reviewed the clinical histories of 362 patients (711 renal units) who had
      undergone ileal conduit diversion. Stents were used in 126 patients (247 renal
      units) and were not used in 236 (464 renal units). The stented group was divided
      further into 95 patients (186 renal units) with silicone single J stents and 31
      (61 renal units) with some other type of stent. The over-all incidence of urine
      leakage was 1.7 per cent (6 of 362 patients). The over-all incidence of stricture
      was 3.9 per cent (11 without and 3 with stents). No leak occurred among the 126
      patients in whom a stent was used. None of the 95 patients in whom silicone
      single J stents were used had stricture. If stents are to be used, we recommend
      silicone single J stents because of their satisfactory performance to date.

PMID- 4057400
TI  - The management of the Kock continent ileal reservoir urinary diversion with
      single pigtail self-retaining ileal conduit stents.
AB  - The use of single pigtail soft silicone self-retaining ileal conduit stents
      appears to have particular value in the perioperative management of patients with
      a Kock pouch continent urinary diversion. Stenting provides greater assurance of
      sustained internal urinary diversion, lessening concern regarding anastomotic
      leaks from the pouch itself. This technique also allows easy sequential
      radiographic confirmation of healing without losing the capability for continued
      internal drainage by these stents if necessary. A protocol for the use of such
      stents is described.

PMID- 4057401
TI  - A new retropubic retrourethral approach for large vesico-urethrovaginal fistulas.
AB  - Of all types of vesicovaginal fistula those affecting the trigone and bladder
      neck, and associated with urethral loss are the most difficult to repair. For
      these cases a retropubic retrourethral procedure is presented that offers a
      direct approach to close the vagina. A urethrovesical flap tube also can be
      fashioned to form a continent neourethra. Urodynamic studies showed that the
      proximal vesical and distal urethral components of the neourethra contribute to
      sphincteric function.

PMID- 4057402
TI  - Transseptal crossed vasovasostomy.
AB  - We examined 11 patients with acquired obstructive azoospermia resulting from
      irreparable obstruction of 1 vas deferens and severe damage to the contralateral
      testis. All of the patients underwent transseptal crossed vasovasostomy with no
      morbidity. Of 8 patients evaluated with postoperative semen analyses 4 (50 per
      cent) demonstrated total sperm counts of 29 to 205 million and 2 pregnancies (25
      per cent) have been reported, with followup ranging from 5 months to 2 years. The
      etiologies of the vasal obstruction included previous inguinal surgery in 7
      patients, vasectomy in 1, ejaculatory duct obstruction in 1, ectopic ureter in 1
      and vasal agenesis in 1. Factors leading to loss of the contralateral testis were
      torsion in 5 patients, mumps orchitis in 2, varicocele in 1, pediatric inguinal
      herniorrhaphy in 1, epididymal blow out in 1 and unknown in 1. A representative
      case involving a unilateral ectopic ureter emptying into the seminal vesicle and
      subsequent contralateral testicular torsion is presented. The results indicate
      that a transseptal crossed vasovasostomy should be done in patients satisfying
      the criteria presented.

PMID- 4057403
TI  - Simultaneous flow cytometric deoxyribonucleic acid and acid phosphatase analysis
      of benign and malignant lesions of the prostate.
AB  - Flow cytometry can differentiate benign from malignant lesions of the prostate
      through deoxyribonucleic acid distribution analysis. A method has been developed
      that permits simultaneous cytometric determination of deoxyribonucleic acid and
      acid phosphatase activity in the cell cycle compartments of prostatic biopsy
      specimens. Histograms of prostatic carcinoma reveal higher acid phosphatase
      activity and greater deoxyribonucleic acid content in the S and S + G2/M
      populations than the histograms representing benign lesions. This compartmental
      difference may have prognostic usefulness.

PMID- 4057404
TI  - Prognostic factors in localized prostatic carcinoma.
AB  - Serial histological sections were performed in 54 radical prostatectomy specimens
      in an attempt to identify prognostic factors responsible for dissemination of
      prostatic cancer. Factors considered in the study included clinical versus
      pathological staging, histological grading of the biopsy specimen compared to the
      final pathological result, intraprostatic tumor distribution and deoxyribonucleic
      acid analysis of the tumor by flow cytometry in the last 33 cases. In patients
      with clinical stages A2 and B1 disease pathological findings were in accord in 78
      per cent (11 of 14). However, only 3 of 40 patients with clinical stage B2 tumor
      had pathological stage B2 disease. Histologically, 72 per cent of the tumors were
      bilateral. Microscopic involvement of the capsule per se did not appear to
      influence lymph node invasion, since only 1 of 27 patients with microscopic
      capsular involvement had pelvic lymph node metastasis. However, 9 of 13 patients
      with seminal vesicle involvement had pelvic lymph node metastasis. The addition
      of flow cytometry to the Gleason score improves the predictive value of
      histological grade in higher stage lesions.

PMID- 4057405
TI  - 125Iodine implantation for carcinoma of the prostate: 5-year survival free of
      disease and incidence of local failure.
AB  - Interstitial implantation with the 125iodine isotope has been used as definitive
      treatment in 115 patients with localized carcinoma of the prostate. The disease
      was staged surgically by bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy in all of the patients.
      Followup has been for a minimum of 1 year and 64 patients have been followed for
      a minimum of 5 years. There has been no operative mortality in this series. Mean
      patient age at implantation was 63 years. Potency has been maintained in 31 of 46
      patients (78 per cent) followed for a minimum of 5 years and 15 of 26 (58 per
      cent) followed for a minimum of 7 years. At 5 years the actuarial survival free
      of disease by surgical stage was 100, 81, 49 and 41 per cent for patients with
      stages A2, B, C and D1 disease, respectively. All 7 patients with stage B1
      nodules followed to 5 years are free of disease. The actuarial survival free of
      disease by grade at 5 years was 95 per cent for patients with well, 65 per cent
      with moderately and 34 per cent with poorly differentiated tumors. Local failure
      was defined as palpable evidence of prostatic enlargement or irregularity with
      biopsy confirmation of neoplasm. Patients with positive biopsy plus normal or
      stable prostatic examinations were not considered local failures, although such
      patients are at high risk for failure in the future. The actuarial probability of
      local failure at 5 years was 0, 13, 27 and 44 per cent for patients with surgical
      stages A2, B, C and D1 disease, respectively, and 5, 23 and 43 per cent for those
      with well, moderately and poorly differentiated tumors, respectively. Based on
      our experience, interstitial implantation with 125iodine isotope is reserved for
      patients with well or moderately differentiated stage B lesions. The ultimate
      success of this treatment modality awaits 10 and 15 years of followup.

PMID- 4057406
TI  - Radical prostatectomy with preservation of sexual function: pathological findings
      in the first 100 cases.
AB  - In an effort to preserve sexual function, a nerve-sparing technique for radical
      retropubic prostatectomy has been used in 100 consecutive men with clinically
      localized prostatic cancer. Each gland was submitted for total histological
      examination in a way that permitted determination of the extent of the tumor and
      adequacy of surgical margins. Although 41 patients had established tumor in
      periprostatic tissue only 7 had positive surgical margins: all 7 had extensive
      extraprostatic involvement by tumor, while 5 had involvement of the seminal
      vesicles and none had surgical margins positive only at the site of the nerve
      sparing modification. Sexual function was evaluated in 60 of the patients who
      were potent preoperatively and who have been followed for a minimum of 1 year: 84
      per cent of the patients with an intact prostatic capsule were potent compared to
      43 per cent with extensive involvement of periprostatic tissue and 33 per cent
      with involvement of the seminal vesicles or pelvic lymph nodes. Based upon our
      findings there is no indication that the nerve-sparing modification compromises
      the adequacy of the removal of the cancer, which is determined primarily by the
      extent of the tumor rather than the operative technique. Thus, it appears
      possible to preserve sexual function in a majority of patients undergoing radical
      prostatectomy without compromising the adequacy of the cancer operation.

PMID- 4057407
TI  - Nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy: extraprostatic tumor extension and
      preservation of erectile function.
AB  - A total of 52 patients underwent a nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy
      for clinical stage A or B prostatic cancer. The incidence of positive surgical
      margins (18 per cent of the patients with stages A and B1, and 57 per cent with
      stage B2 disease) was not significantly different (p less than 0.5) from that of
      25 patients who underwent a standard radical retropubic prostatectomy by the same
      surgeon (18 per cent with stages A and B1, and 50 per cent with stage B2 cancer).
      Of 42 patients who were sexually potent preoperatively 41 (98 per cent) have had
      partial return of erectile function and 22 (52 per cent) have had return of
      erections sufficient for vaginal penetration. No correlation between clinical or
      pathological stage and postoperative potency was observed. Erections sufficient
      for penetration returned in 67 per cent of the patients less than 60 and 43 per
      cent of those more than 60 years old. The results suggest that with the nerve
      sparing modification of radical retropubic prostatectomy sexual function can be
      preserved in the majority of patients with clinical stage A or B prostatic cancer
      without compromising the adequacy of tumor excision.

PMID- 4057408
TI  - Percutaneous stone removal in children.
AB  - Percutaneous removal of renal and ureteral calculi has become an established and
      successful procedure in adults. Stone disease in children often is metabolic or
      infectious in origin and multiple surgical procedures during a long interval may
      be required. Therefore, percutaneous stone removal could be particularly
      advantageous in these patients. We have performed percutaneous stone removal
      successfully in 7 children, none of whom required a second procedure or were
      discharged from the hospital with a nephrostomy tube.

PMID- 4057409
TI  - Effects of oxybutynin on vesicoureteral reflux in children.
AB  - We reviewed retrospectively 40 children seen from 1980 to 1984 with
      vesicoureteral reflux in 53 ureters. All patients had a hyperreflexic bladder on
      urodynamic evaluation with or without vesicoperineal dyssynergia but they were
      otherwise neurologically normal. All except 1 child received prophylactic
      antibiotics. Of the children 37 received oxybutynin therapy for bladder
      hyperreflexia for 3 to 18 months. Reflux disappeared or became grade I in 62.3
      per cent of the ureters. Of the children manifesting urinary incontinence at the
      time of urodynamic study reflux disappeared or became grade I in 78.6 per cent.
      Reflux resolved or became grade I in 20 per cent of the children with no urinary
      incontinence. Of those patients with recurrent reflux at the onset of urinary
      incontinence and bladder instability reflux resolved or became grade I in 80 per
      cent. Oxybutynin therapy for hyperreflexic bladder resulted in an average
      increase in bladder capacity of 97 cc (54.2 per cent), which was maintained after
      cessation of treatment. These data suggest that bladder instability can be an
      important factor in causing and perpetuating reflux. Therapy aimed at decreasing
      intravesical pressure will enhance resolution or downgrading of reflux.

PMID- 4057410
TI  - The role of dysfunctional voiding in failure or complication of ureteral
      reimplantation for primary reflux.
AB  - Detrusor and/or urethral sphincter dysfunction is associated with increased
      failure or complication of ureteral reimplantation. A group of 400 children who
      underwent ureteral reimplantation was reviewed and the failure rate was
      determined. Those patients in the primary reflux category who failed were
      reviewed in detail for voiding dysfunction. Excluding technical error or ureteral
      dysfunction, the greatest risk for failure or complication of ureteral
      reimplantation seems to be related to detrusor and/or urethral sphincter
      dysfunction. Voluntary detrusor-sphincter discoordination seems particularly
      prevalent in this high risk group. The findings are discussed in relation to the
      over-all management of these patients.

PMID- 4057411
TI  - To stent or not to stent.

PMID- 4057412
TI  - Vesicoureteral reflux and the unstable bladder.

PMID- 4057413
TI  - Colonic perforation during percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
AB  - Of 250 cases of percutaneous nephrolithotomy perforation of the left colon has
      been observed in 2 men with mobile kidneys. The clinical signs were rectal
      hemorrhage with shock in 1 case and passage of gas through the nephrostomy tract
      in the other case. The perforation was not suspected during the nephrolithotomy.
      Both patients were treated surgically. In view of the risk of colonic perforation
      during percutaneous nephrolithotomy, great care should be taken during puncture.
      This risk is increased in cases with an excessively lateral tract or when the
      anatomical relationships are modified in subjects with mobile kidneys. Surgical
      repair is required when the perforation is intraperitoneal or when there is a
      risk of complications. Simple surveillance is only justified when the perforation
      is extraperitoneal and when there is no risk of complications.

PMID- 4057414
TI  - Transhepatic venous collaterals circumventing inferior vena caval obstruction due
      to hypernephroma.

PMID- 4057415
TI  - Renal oncocytoma with synchronous contralateral renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - We report a case of simultaneous contralateral oncocytoma and renal cell
      carcinoma. The diagnosis and prognosis of renal oncocytoma are discussed, and the
      management of bilateral renal tumors is reviewed.

PMID- 4057416
TI  - Bilateral transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis in the cancer family
      syndrome.
AB  - The cancer family syndrome is an unusual hereditary disease rarely associated
      with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract. We describe the occurrence
      of this syndrome in a patient with bilateral transitional cell malignancies.

PMID- 4057417
TI  - Extraperitoneal bladder rupture without pelvic fracture.
AB  - We report 3 cases of extraperitoneal bladder rupture in the absence of pelvic
      girdle disruption. The existence of this injury suggests that a mechanism other
      than that classically described for an extraperitoneal rupture is present. An
      etiology analogous to an intraperitoneal bladder rupture is proposed. It is
      suggested that in some patients this alternative mechanism is responsible for the
      bladder injury even in the presence of a coexisting pelvic fracture.

PMID- 4057418
TI  - Crossed ectopic testis with common vas deferens.
AB  - Crossed ectopic testis is an uncommon anomaly. A 10-month-old boy with a crossed
      ectopic testis and a common vas deferens is presented. At operation 2 testes were
      in the left inguinal canal. The seminal vesiculogram showed that both vasa
      deferentia fused to form a common lumen, and then formed a common stem on the
      left side and opened into the posterior urethra. The spermatic arteriogram
      revealed that each testis was supplied from the right and left sides,
      respectively. No testis or vas deferens was located in the right retroperitoneal
      space. These features suggested that the testes developed from both sides and
      subsequently descended to the left side.

PMID- 4057419
TI  - Major rectal complications following interstitial implantation of 125iodine for
      carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - From April 1975 through April 1983, 152 patients were treated for localized
      adenocarcinoma of the prostate with interstitial implantation of 125iodine seeds.
      In each case bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection was performed at
      implantation. Five rectal complications developed: 2 rectal ulcers and 3
      prostatic urethrorectal fistulas. Our method to treat these problems is presented
      together with our technique of reconstruction in patients with persistent
      fistulas despite fecal diversion. While urethrorectal fistulas represent
      potentially devastating complications of the 125iodine implantation procedure,
      reconstructive techniques can minimize and have reduced their long-term effects.

PMID- 4057420
TI  - Lacking tumescence of glans during penile erection.

PMID- 4057421
TI  - Re: Penile denudation injuries after circumcision.

PMID- 4057422
TI  - Re: Penile tourniquet injury due to a coil of hair.

PMID- 4057423
TI  - Photodynamic therapy of prostate cancer: an in vitro study.
AB  - The photo-induced toxicity of hematoporphyrin derivative on Dunning R3327 rat
      prostate cancer cells was studied. Dunning R3327 cells in culture were incubated
      for two hours in hematoporphyrin derivative and then exposed to red light at 630
      nanometers wavelength from an argon pumped dye laser. Cell survival was measured
      for varying laser power densities, variable concentrations of hematoporphyrin
      derivative and variable light exposure times. AT1 cells not incubated with
      hematoporphyrin derivative were directly killed by laser light exposure at power
      densities greater than 500 mw./cm.2, probably due to hyperthermia. Cells that
      retained hematoporphyrin derivative were effectively killed using non-thermal
      levels of red light exposure due to a photochemical effect. Decreasing cell
      survival of cells that retained hematoporphyrin was related to increasing time of
      exposure to red light. This form of therapy may be applicable to the treatment of
      locally invasive prostatic carcinoma in man.

PMID- 4057424
TI  - The effect of nitrofurantoin on bladder tumor cell lines: in vitro growth and
      implantation in the cauterized mouse bladder.
AB  - Nitrofurans compounds and derivatives demonstrate antineoplastic activity in
      vitro as well as in vivo. Nitrofurantoin caused in vitro growth inhibition of a
      FANFT-induced murine bladder tumor (MBT2) and a human transitional cell carcinoma
      cell line (GIBB) in concentrations of 125 microM, 250 microM and 500 microM. The
      implantation and growth of MBT2 in the cauterized mouse bladder was inhibited by
      250 microM nitrofurantoin. The bladder mucosa of two groups of C3Hf/HeHa female
      mice was electrically cauterized. In group I, 1 X 10(6) MBT2 cells were injected
      into the bladders of 42 mice, while in group II 1 X 10(6) MBT2 cells in 250
      microM nitrofurantoin solution were injected into the bladders of 51 mice.
      Positive tumor implantation was seen in 25 bladders (59.5 per cent) of group I as
      compared to 15 bladders (29.5 per cent) of group II. All tumors in group I were
      large, occupying more than 50 per cent of bladder cross sectional area with 24
      per cent showing extravesical extention. Sixty-six per cent of tumors in groups
      II were less than 25 per cent of bladder cross sectional area and 13.4 per cent
      had extravesical extention.

PMID- 4057426
TI  - Calcium channel blocker nisoldipine limits ischemic damage in rat kidney.
AB  - The effects of the calcium channel blocker nisoldipine on renal function after 60
      min. normothermic ischemia and contralateral nephrectomy were studied in male
      Wistar rats. Nisoldipine (300 ppm) was given in a standard diet as well as one
      hour prior to ischemia (10 mg./kg. orally). Survival, serum urea, serum
      creatinine, urine volume and creatinine clearance were used to test the
      effectiveness of the drug. Nisoldipine treatment resulted in the survival of all
      animals (compared to 66.6 per cent in the untreated group) and improved immediate
      and long term (14 days) renal function. The drug given post ischemia only was not
      effective, suggesting that nisoldipine must be present in the kidney during
      ischemia. The beneficial effects of the drug in postischemic acute renal failure
      may be attributed in part to effects on postischemic renal hemodynamics.
      Additional direct effects on ischemic renal epithelial cells, presumably by
      inhibiting transmembrane calcium fluxes, cannot be excluded.

PMID- 4057425
TI  - Role of natural killer activity in development of spontaneous metastases in
      murine renal cancer.
AB  - We have studied the role of natural killer activity during the growth and
      dissemination of a transplantable renal adenocarcinoma (Renca) of spontaneous
      origin in BALB/c mice. The pattern of growth of this tumor accurately mimics that
      of adult human renal cell carcinoma in terms of clinical stages I-IV,
      particularly with regard to spontaneous metastasis to lung and liver. Renca is
      moderately sensitive to lysis by natural killer cells from normal mice and is
      more efficiently lysed by natural killer cells from mice treated with the
      biological response modifier maleic anhydride divinyl ether, a pyran copolymer.
      Our studies demonstrate that selective depression of natural killer activity by
      administration of antiserum specific for the neutral glycosphingolipid asialo GM1
      correlated with increased formation of spontaneous metastases in the lungs,
      liver, and lymph nodes. Conversely, augmentation of natural killer activity by
      the biological response modifier decreased the formation of spontaneous
      metastases in lungs, liver and lymph nodes. Further, the suppression of natural
      killer activity and subsequent increased formation of metastases were accompanied
      by a significantly reduced survival time, whereas the augmented natural killer
      activity and decreased incidence of metastases in biological response modifier
      treated mice were accompanied by an increase in time of survival. These results
      demonstrate a significant role for natural killer cells in the control of
      spontaneous metastasis during growth of this murine renal cancer.

PMID- 4057427
TI  - Role of the sympathetic nerve in bladder and urethral sphincter function during
      the micturition cycle in the dog evaluated by pressure flow EMG study.
AB  - The role of the sympathetic nerve on bladder and urethral sphincter function
      during the whole micturition cycle, including the collecting and emptying phases,
      was evaluated on 10 decerebrated dogs by pressure flow EMG study. A series of
      experiments was performed before and after hypogastric nerve transection. In the
      control condition and after hypogastric nerve transection, reflex micturition
      with bladder contraction and spasmodic rhythmic sphincter contractions occurred.
      Urodynamic parameters of the micturition cycle were statistically compared
      between control and nerve transection experiments. Threshold volume, threshold
      pressure and opening pressure showed a small but significant change after nerve
      transection. A decrease in voided volume seems to be secondarily accompanied with
      a decrease in threshold volume. It seems that adrenergic nerves play a certain
      role in bladder function during the collecting phase of the micturition cycle.

PMID- 4057428
TI  - Steroid-induced urogenital tract changes and urine retention in laboratory
      rodents.
AB  - Since previous literature suggested that estrogen-treated male mice are models
      for human benign prostatic hypertrophy, a series of studies was designed to
      examine urine retention and urogenital tract changes in rodents given chronic
      estradiol-17 beta (E) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatments. In Study 1,
      intact and castrate male mice received E, DHT or E plus DHT for four weeks via
      subcutaneous Silastic capsules. Bladder urine volume increased in the groups
      given E and this effect was not altered by castration, DHT or removal of E
      capsules two weeks before necropsy. Estrogen treatment also increased mortality.
      In Study 2, intact male, intact female, adrenalectomized (Adx) male and sham Adx
      male mice received 16 weeks of steroid treatments. Bladder urine volume increased
      in all E treated groups regardless of sex or Adx. Hydronephrosis, hydroureter and
      increased mortality were found in the E treated mice of both sexes. Estrogen
      induced epithelial changes and edema of the prostate, vas deferens and the
      utriculus prostaticus. In further studies male rats, hamsters and guinea pigs
      were given several different dosages of E but no evidence of urine retention or
      increased mortality was found. Taken together these studies suggest that E
      induced urine retention is unique to mice. Although urine retention and
      hydronephrosis found in the mice were similar to those in humans with BPH, the
      lesion that results in the urine obstruction is not similar.

PMID- 4057429
TI  - Urinary retention induced by estrogen injections in mice: an analytical model.
AB  - Daily subcutaneous injections of pharmacological doses of 17 beta-estradiol (E2,
      0.4 micrograms./gm. body weight) resulted in significant urinary retention in the
      bladder of castrated mice. Although the urinary retention developed in both male
      and female mice, the increase in urethral resistance to urinary flow and the
      dilatation of posterior urethra were observed only in castrated male mice
      receiving E2. Histological changes common to male and female mice were
      cornification and stratification of urethral epithelium and fibrosis of
      connective tissues surrounding the urethra, suggesting that these changes may
      cause the urinary retention. Although the exact mechanism has not been defined,
      the urinary retention produced by the present method may be useful as a model of
      human disease.

PMID- 4057430
TI  - Characterization of a renal cell carcinoma cell line suitable as a target for
      immunological studies in vitro and in the nu/nu mouse.
AB  - A continuous human renal carcinoma cell line designated RPMI-SE was established
      from a patient with a poorly to moderately differentiated renal cell carcinoma.
      The cells are anchorage dependent, have a well defined globular shape with
      pseudopod-like structures, a doubling time in vitro of 24 hr. and are able to
      grow subcutaneously in female ICR Swiss nu/nu mice. RPMI-SE cells obtained from
      tissue culture and the nude mouse had the chromosome number of near-tetraploidy.
      Common morphologic rearrangements were present in both the cell line and nu/nu
      mouse tumor. RPMI-SE was evaluated as a target cell line in an in vitro Indium
      111 release assay. Three patterns of cytotoxicity were observed at an effector to
      target cell ratio of 100:1. The highest degree of cytotoxicity (75 per cent) was
      obtained with autologous lymphocytes. An intermediate level of cytotoxicity (50
      per cent) was obtained with allogeneic lymphocytes. The lowest level of
      cytotoxicity (27 per cent) was obtained with normal lymphocytes and was
      comparable to the level of cytotoxicity observed with the NK sensitive K562
      target cell line. Morphologic data and chromosomal analysis indicate that the
      RPMI-SE cell line has maintained characteristics of the original tumor. This cell
      line will be useful for immunological studies as a target cell line in vitro as
      well as in vivo in the nude mouse.

PMID- 4057431
TI  - Growth of a malignant human urothelial cell line (J82) in a serum-free medium
      (HMRI-1) developed previously for normal human urothelium.
AB  - A malignant human urothelial cell line (J82) has been cultured in a serum-free
      medium (HMRI-1) developed specifically for normal human urothelium. Unlike the
      normal human urothelium which grew as an attached monolayer, the J82 cells
      proliferated as free floating cellular aggregates. Comparative growth kinetic
      studies have shown that the J82 cells, unlike normal cultured urothelial cells,
      did not require epidermal growth factor, bovine pituitary extract or transferrin
      as single additives in the HMRI-1. However, deletion of certain combinations of
      these factors markedly reduced growth. It was concluded that the J82 cells had a
      reduced dependency on the normal urothelial cell growth factors suggesting that
      the J82 cells had altered nutritional requirements which might possibly be
      associated with the production of autocrine growth factors.

PMID- 4057432
TI  - Perspective: intermittent claudication.

PMID- 4057433
TI  - The early results of vascular surgery in patients 75 years of age and older: an
      analysis of 3259 cases.
AB  - The population in the United States older than 75 years of age will double by the
      year 2000. The computerized registry of The Cleveland Vascular Society includes
      19,990 vascular procedures, which have been divided into two groups. Group A
      consists of 16,731 operations performed on patients younger than 75 years of age
      and group B consists of 3259 procedures performed on patients older than 75 years
      of age. The overall operative mortality rate in group A was 4.4% (736 of 16,731).
      In subsets of group B the mortality rates were: age 75 to 79 years, 11.3% (210 of
      1862), age 80 to 84 years, 13.4% (125 of 932), age 85 to 89 years, 18.0% (68 of
      376), and age 90 to 98 years, 28.1% (25 of 89). In carotid endarterectomy there
      were no significant differences in the stroke and operative mortality rates when
      groups A and B were compared. Group A stroke rate was 1.8% (94 of 5220),
      operative mortality rate was 1.5% (77 of 5220); group B stroke rate was 2.2% (17
      of 782) and the mortality rate was 2.3% (18 of 782). For aortic reconstructions
      group A mortality rate was 7.1% (276 of 3905); group B operative mortality rate
      was 24.1% (148 of 615) (p less than 0.001). In femoropopliteal reconstructions
      group A operative mortality rate was 2.2% (55 of 2377) and group B mortality rate
      was 6.7% (38 of 571) (p less than 0.0001). For lower extremity thromboembolectomy
      group A operative mortality rate was 14.3% (113 of 789) and the mortality rate
      for group B was 28.4% (196 of 689) (p less than 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4057434
TI  - Optimal cerebral monitoring during carotid endarterectomy: neurologic response
      under local anesthesia.
AB  - A prospective series of carotid endarterectomies were performed with patients
      given local anesthesia in an attempt to determine the efficacy of intraoperative
      EEG monitoring and/or stump pressure measurements in predicting the need for
      carotid shunting. Carotid artery stump pressure was measured and EEG changes
      noted; however, neither low stump pressure nor EEG changes influenced the
      decision for shunt insertion. A shunt was only used if a neurologic deficit
      developed during carotid clamping. A total of 134 carotid endarterectomies were
      done in 121 patients. Sixty-six patients were men and 55 were women with ages
      ranging from 41 to 88 years. Indications included transient ischemic attacks in
      57 (43%), prior stroke in 25 (19%), vertebrobasilar symptoms in nine (6%), and
      asymptomatic patients with high-grade stenosis, 43 (32%). Thirteen patients
      (9.7%) developed neurologic deficits following carotid clamping and had shunts
      inserted. All deficits cleared following shunt insertion. Nine of the 13 had EEG
      changes, but in four, EEGs were unchanged despite the occurrence of clear-cut
      neurologic changes. Stump pressure in the 13 patients ranged from 14 to 78 mm Hg.
      Ten were greater than 24 mm Hg and three were more than 50 mm Hg. In 121
      operations no neurologic deficits occurred during carotid clamping and no shunts
      were inserted. In 13 of these operations, significant EEG changes were noted.
      Stump pressures in these 13 with EEG changes ranged from 15 to 120 mm Hg. In
      seven, stump pressure was greater than 50 mm Hg. There were no deaths in the
      series. Two (1.5%) temporary and one (0.7%) permanent postoperative deficits
      occurred.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4057435
TI  - Kinetics of endothelial cell seeding.
AB  - Endothelial cell seeding improves patency of small-diameter Dacron grafts and
      facilitates the development of a complete endothelial flow surface. However, the
      ideal number of cells relative to the length of graft to be seeded has not been
      determined. With a canine model previously shown to result in a well
      endothelialized graft within 4 to 6 weeks, this study measured the quantity of
      autogenous endothelial cells labeled with indium 111-oxine that initially adhered
      to 10 cm long, experimental, porous 4 mm I.D. polytetrafluoroethylene grafts and
      then calculated their subsequent disappearance following implantation as carotid
      interposition grafts. Graft radioactivity was monitored with a gamma camera and
      compared with that of control vials of indium 111 implanted in the same animals.
      Counts were measured immediately at implantation and for up to 72 hours following
      restoration of flow. Data were analyzed by linear regression. The mean number of
      harvested endothelial cells was 6.2 X 10(5). A mean of 19.8% of the harvested
      cells were adherent to the grafts initially after seeding. In the first 30
      minutes following restoration of flow, there was a rapid loss of these cells to a
      mean value, which was 70.2% of those initially present. From 30 minutes to 24
      hours, cell losses continued at a constant rate of 3.7%/hr (r = -0.922, p less
      than 0.001). Beyond 24 hours, further loss was insignificant. Consequently,
      approximately 2.72 X 10(4) cells, or only 4.4% of all cells originally harvested,
      appear adequate to seed 12.5 cm2 of graft.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4057436
TI  - Experimental superior vena caval placement of the Greenfield filter.
AB  - Pulmonary embolism (PE) from sources superior to the right atrium has been
      documented in several reports, but mechanical device protection has not been
      advised because of the morbidity associated with occlusion of the superior vena
      cava (SVC). Mechanical protection must maintain caval patency, protect against
      recurrent PE, and be safe. Since the Greenfield filter has fulfilled these
      criteria when placed in the inferior vena cava (IVC), we tested its suitability
      for use in the SVC in 11 dogs. Thrombus was harvested from phenolized segments of
      infrarenal vena cava and embolized into filters positioned in the SVC through the
      jugular or brachiocephalic vein under fluoroscopic guidance. Central venous
      pressure (CVP) was monitored before and after embolization. The dogs were allowed
      to recover and were followed up with monthly vena caval contrast studies and CVP
      measurements. After 3 months the animals were put to death and autopsies
      performed to determine the size of any residual thrombus and to examine the
      pulmonary arteries for signs of PE. Ten dogs had correct placement of the filter
      in the SVC; there were no perforations and no episodes of PE. CVP rose slightly
      after embolization into the filter but caval patency was maintained in all
      animals. Resolution of filter-entrapped thrombi occurred in all animals (mean
      initial weight = 1.02 gm, mean final weights = 0.11 gm, p less than 0.05). In the
      eleventh animal the filter was discharged high, with one leg perforating the
      brachiocephalic vein. No hemorrhage or distal embolism occurred.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4057437
TI  - Low-dose thrombolytic therapy for infrainguinal graft occlusions: an idea whose
      time has passed?
AB  - Despite the growing enthusiasm for low-dose intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy,
      the efficacy and risks in specific clinical situations have not been defined.
      During the past 13 months, 10 infrainguinal bypass graft occlusions occurred in
      nine patients 2 to 48 months postoperatively and were treated with local
      infusions of either streptokinase or urokinase. The grafts treated included two
      saphenous vein femoropopliteal grafts, two expanded polytetrafluoroethylene
      (PTFE) femoropopliteal grafts, four saphenous vein femoro-anterior tibial grafts,
      one saphenous vein-PTFE composite femoro-anterior tibial graft, and one saphenous
      vein-PTFE composite femoroperoneal graft. The graft occlusions occurred 2 to 14
      days prior to initiation of treatment. The infusion failed to restore flow
      completely in seven grafts; and of the three successes, two patients required
      surgical treatment of complications. All successful recanalizations occurred
      within 48 hours of the initiation of thrombolytic therapy. Of the seven failures,
      two patients had viable limbs and were discharged, whereas two required
      amputation (one above and one below knee). Three patients underwent surgical
      thrombectomy and revisions that were successful in two and resulted in a below
      knee amputation in the other. Despite all precautions, complications occurred in
      five patients. Low-dose intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy is a poorly
      efficacious, risky method of infrainguinal graft occlusion management.

PMID- 4057438
TI  - Dry ice cryoamputation: a twelve-year experience.
AB  - Amputation done on an emergency basis of severely ischemic or infected limbs in
      critically ill patients frequently results in increased morbidity and mortality.
      To evaluate the effect of delaying an inevitable operative amputation by a
      simplified method of freezing the involved extremity, the records of 56 patients
      who underwent preoperative cryoamputation during a 12-year period were reviewed.
      Data concerning risk factors, associated medical conditions, local or systemic
      signs of sepsis, level of amputation, morbidity, and mortality were analyzed.
      Following cryoamputation of 57 limbs, 16 above-knee amputations (AKA) and 41
      below-knee amputations (BKA) were performed. The overall mortality rate
      associated with cryoamputation was 14% (8 of 57); four postoperative deaths
      occurred in both the AKA and BKA groups. The mortality rate for 1021 primary
      operative major amputations during the same period was 7% (p less than 0.04). The
      only factor identified that significantly affected survival following
      cryoamputation was diabetes mellitus, which was present in 68% of surviving
      patients and in 12% of those who died (p less than 0.001). This experience
      suggests that cryoamputation is a valuable, simple technique that allows for
      deliberate stabilization and preparation of seriously ill, septic patients prior
      to surgical procedures, which, when performed on an emergency basis have been
      associated with mortality rates exceeding 40%.

PMID- 4057439
TI  - Lytic therapy in the treatment of axillary and subclavian vein thrombosis.
AB  - The importance of individualized treatment of patients with primary and secondary
      axillary-subclavian vein thrombosis is described with special emphasis on the use
      of thrombolytic therapy. Nine patients were treated with streptokinase or
      urokinase. Balloon dilation of the axillary or subclavian vein and first rib
      resection were also selectively used. Of the five patients with primary axillary
      subclavian thrombosis, three did not have symptoms after the thrombus was lysed.
      Two had successful lysis of the thrombus but later suffered a rethrombosis, one
      of which most likely resulted from an untreated stenosis. All four of the
      patients with secondary thrombosis had successful thrombolysis. Patients with
      primary axillary-subclavian thrombosis are usually young and as many as 40%
      continue to have intermittent upper extremity edema or pain. For this reason we
      believe aggressive attempts to reestablish normal venous return through the
      axillary and subclavian veins are warranted. Patients with secondary axillary
      subclavian thrombosis usually require prolonged venous catheterization for
      chemotherapy or total parenteral nutrition. Since patency of major upper
      extremity veins is extremely important in these patients with secondary
      thrombosis, we believe that vigorous attempts to restore these venous access
      routes are indicated and appropriate.

PMID- 4057440
TI  - Arteriovenous fistulas following lumbar laminectomy: the anatomy defined.
AB  - Iatrogenic arteriovenous fistulas between the aorta or its major branches and the
      vena cava or its tributaries resulting from lumbar disc operations are uncommon
      but serious problems for the vascular surgeon. Using three cases from our
      experience and adding illustrations, x-ray films, and descriptive text we have
      precisely defined the anatomy of the major vessels at the L3-4, L4-5, and L5-S1
      disc interspaces. This information will not only aid the surgeon in the repair of
      the chronic fistula but will help the surgeon who is called urgently to the
      operating room for bleeding and shock when preoperative angiography is not
      possible.

PMID- 4057441
TI  - Effects of papaverine on smooth muscle cell morphology and vein graft
      preparation.
AB  - Venous injury following mechanical distension and its late sequelae were studied
      in a canine model. Jugular vein segments distended without and with papaverine
      (60 mg/100 ml) were compared with nondistended vein segments after they had been
      placed into the arterial circulation for 1 to 12 months. Arteriography showed no
      significant statistical discrepancy in luminal diameter of the three vein
      segments. Complete reendothelialization had occurred in all vein grafts at the
      time of harvesting. Similar histocytologic features existed in the nondistended
      segments and in the portion distended with human plasma protein fraction
      (Plasmanate) plus papaverine (150 to 300 mm Hg). The intimal-medial hyperplasia
      was characterized by an increase in fibrocellular layers with an elaboration of
      vasa vasorum. Conversely, collagen and extracellular matrix replaced the myocyte,
      producing medial fibrosis in vein mechanically distended with Plasmanate alone.
      Papaverine prevented mechanical stimulation of smooth muscle cells to overproduce
      extracellular connective tissue elements. Mechanical stretching of intimal and
      medial myocytes induced fibrogenesis and fibroplasia. Papaverine is useful in
      vein preparation; it protects the endothelium and smooth muscle cells in the
      intima and media and prevents leukocyte infiltration and medial fibrosis.

PMID- 4057442
TI  - Late outcome of untreated asymptomatic carotid disease following cardiovascular
      operations.
AB  - In a previous prospective study of 449 patients undergoing coronary or peripheral
      arterial reconstruction, 85 patients had preoperative evidence of asymptomatic
      bruit and/or greater than 50% carotid obstruction by routine Doppler screening.
      No patient had prophylactic carotid endarterectomy. This article reviews the late
      postoperative outcome (2 to 61 months, mean 35 months) of 67 patients with
      asymptomatic carotid disease who survived operation without perioperative
      deficit. Eleven patients died (16%) including four of myocardial infarction and
      two of stroke. Neurologic deficits occurred in the late postoperative period in
      22 patients (32.8%) after an average interval of 31 months, including transient
      ischemic attacks in 15 patients (22.4%); only four of these 15 were appropriate
      to the side of carotid disease documented preoperatively. Seven patients (10.4%)
      suffered stroke, only three (4.5%) of which were in the territory of carotid
      disease detected preoperatively. The cumulative rate of carotid disease
      progression was 34%, including three patients who suffered carotid occlusion. Two
      of the latter had the only fatal strokes. This study suggests that patients with
      asymptomatic carotid disease, although not at significant risk of perioperative
      stroke, require careful follow-up for late postoperative neurologic deficits, the
      majority of which (68%) are transient ischemic attacks.

PMID- 4057443
TI  - Ocular manifestations of carotid artery atheroma.
AB  - Although carotid endarterectomy (CE) is recommended in appropriate patients with
      bifurcation atheroma for the prevention of stroke, these patients are also at
      risk for visual loss, either temporary or permanent. The presentations of
      patients undergoing 512 consecutive CEs were reviewed to determine the
      preoperative frequency and risks of ocular disturbances. Visual symptoms occurred
      in 131 patients (25%). Temporary, monocular blindness (amaurosis fugax, AF) was
      reported by 99 patients (19%). Concomitant neurologic symptoms were present in 33
      (33%) of the patients with AF, and carotid artery stenoses of greater than 75%
      diameter were documented in 82 (83%) of these patients. No visual deficits were
      observed following operation. Permanent visual loss ranging from scotoma to
      complete blindness was documented in 32 patients (6.2%). The permanent deficits
      were due to retinal artery occlusions (RAO) in 20 patients (4%), ischemic optic
      neuropathy (ION) in eight patients (1.5%), and homonymous hemianopsia (HH) in
      four patients (0.7%). Visual loss occurred without any warning in 27 of these 32
      cases (84%). The five cases with warning had multiple episodes of AF and then
      sustained RAO and blindness. Neurologic symptoms occurred concomitantly but not
      prior to visual symptoms in 7 of the 12 patients (58%) with ION and HH. Stenoses
      greater than 75% were present in 22 of 32 cases (69%) and in every case of ION.
      Operation had no effect on the visual deficit. Permanent visual loss occurred in
      a significant number of patients with carotid atheroma (6.2%). Warning in the
      form of visual prodroma is uncommon in these patients (16%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4057444
TI  - Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms: a thirty-year review.
AB  - The operative records of 2816 patients undergoing repair for abdominal aortic
      aneurysm (AAA) from 1955 to 1985 were reviewed. Inflammatory aortic or iliac
      aneurysms were present in 127 patients (4.5%), 123 men and four women. Most
      patients were heavy smokers (92.1%). Clinical evidence of peripheral arterial
      occlusive disease and coronary artery disease was found in 26.6% and 39.4%,
      respectively. Additional aneurysms occurred in half of the patients; iliac
      aneurysms were the most common (55 patients), followed by thoracic or
      thoracoabdominal (17 patients), femoral (16 patients), and popliteal aneurysms
      (10 patients). Ultrasound and computed tomography suggested the diagnosis in
      13.5% and 50%, respectively; angiography was not helpful. Excretory urographic
      findings of medial ureteral displacement or obstruction suggested the diagnosis
      in 31.4%. The aneurysm was repaired in 126 patients. Only one patient experienced
      acute aneurysm rupture, but eight patients had chronic contained leakage. When
      compared with patients who have ordinary atherosclerotic aneurysms, patients with
      inflammatory aneurysms are significantly more likely to have an elevated
      erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, 73% vs. 33%, p less than 0.0001); weight
      loss (20.5% vs. 10%, p less than 0.05); symptoms (66% vs. 20%, p less than
      0.0001); and an increased operative mortality rate (7.9% vs. 2.4%, p less than
      0.002). The triad of chronic abdominal pain, weight loss, and elevated ESR in a
      patient with an abdominal aortic aneurysm is highly suggestive of an inflammatory
      aneurysm and may be beneficial in the preoperative preparation of the patient for
      aneurysm repair.

PMID- 4057445
TI  - Venous claudication successfully treated by distal superficial femoral-to-greater
      saphenous venous bypass.
AB  - Chronic venous disease of the lower extremities is a clinical entity that is
      commonly encountered by practicing physicians. The problem is usually a direct
      consequence of a previous episode of deep venous thrombosis. Patients so
      afflicted suffer from a distinct series of symptoms that are grouped under the
      term "postthrombotic" or "postphlebitic" syndrome. These consist of leg edema,
      stasis dermatitis, ulceration, and sometimes claudication. The causative
      pathophysiologic features consist of either valvular incompetence and/or main
      channel obstruction. This report offers a new method of relieving symptoms caused
      by a superficial femoral vein obstruction.

PMID- 4057446
TI  - Gangrene of the immediate postoperative above-knee amputation stump: role of
      emergency revascularization in preventing death.
AB  - Two hundred seventy-five lower extremity amputations were performed over a 4-year
      interval for end-stage peripheral vascular disease. Fourteen patients (8.5%) of a
      total of 165 patients undergoing above-knee amputation (AKA) either suffered
      acute gangrenous ischemia of the AKA stump postoperatively, or were thought to be
      at high risk for same, and therefore underwent prophylactic inflow
      revascularization prior to or concomitant with AKA. The overall operative
      mortality rate was 28.5% in these 14 patients and was related either to inability
      to revascularize (two of three patients) or to the attempt to revascularize in
      the presence of a frankly necrotic amputation stump (three of five patients).
      Lower extremity amputation may be performed with an overall acceptably low
      mortality rate, which for our series is 0.9% for 113 below-knee amputation (BKA)
      and 2.8% for 140 AKA levels. Acute postoperative gangrene of the stump carries a
      high mortality rate and may be prevented by inflow revascularization prior to
      amputation. Three situations were identified as carrying a high risk for the
      subsequent development of gangrene: acute thrombosis of a prior combined
      inflow/outflow procedure, occlusion of the superficial femoral artery with an
      occluded/stenotic deep femoral artery and no palpable femoral pulse, and flat
      pulse volume recordings at the high thigh level. Patients who present for AKA
      with one of these indications should be considered as a candidate for
      prophylactic inflow revascularization prior to AKA to prevent ascending gangrene.

PMID- 4057447
TI  - Chronic mesenteric ischemia in childhood and adolescence.
AB  - Chronic mesenteric ischemia is uncommon in the atherosclerotic age group but is
      particularly rare in childhood. Because of the nonspecific nature of symptoms
      produced and absence of pathognomonic findings by physical examination or by
      routine laboratory testing, its recognition is difficult and its true incidence
      is unknown. Four children treated for chronic mesenteric ischemia in our center
      demonstrated the spectrum of clinical presentations and operative considerations
      important in the management of this uncommon malady. Ages at presentation ranged
      from 30 months to 17 years. These presentations ranged from clinically silent
      ischemia in the 30-month-old child to evolving gastrointestinal infarction in the
      17-year-old adolescent. Coexistence of abdominal aortic coarctation and/or renal
      artery stenoses was present in three of the four children. Successful bowel
      revascularization was achieved by superior mesenteric artery revascularization
      alone in three children (reimplantation in two and a bypass in one) and by
      multiple celiac and superior mesenteric artery bypasses in one. Delayed distal
      small bowel and proximal colonic resection was required in one child. This
      experience increases awareness that mesenteric ischemia does occur in childhood
      and is a rare but potentially lethal cause of abdominal complaints in children.
      Finally, the finding of both renal and visceral artery disease in three of the
      four patients underscores the need for adequate evaluation of mesenteric vessels
      before renovascular procedures are undertaken in this age group.

PMID- 4057448
TI  - Surgical treatment of saphenous varices, with preservation of the main great
      saphenous trunk.
AB  - A review of the important steps required in the surgical procedure for treatment
      of varicose veins suggests a protocol in which all damaged veins are removed by
      the stab avulsion technique, only veins with incompetent proximal valves are
      ligated, and the long saphenous vein is never removed unless it is too damaged to
      use for arterial grafting. With this protocol of selective conservation it is
      possible to preserve valuable undamaged major leg veins and at the same time
      treat varicose veins efficiently. A 3-year postoperative review of 171 patients
      with 295 affected limbs treated in this way was done by independent observers.
      They found a recurrence rate of only 10.5%. There is evidence to suggest that
      Doppler testing for proximal valve competence will further improve results in the
      future.

PMID- 4057449
TI  - Laboratory evaluation of patients with vascular occlusive disease.
AB  - In addition to the determination of the presenting symptom of patients with
      peripheral vascular occlusive disease, evaluation of these patients may include
      the noninvasive measurements of ankle/arm pressure ratio, limb blood flow, and
      treadmill testing to evaluate the severity of the reduction in blood flow. We
      have included metabolic studies to assess the effect of this reduced blood flow
      in patients with stable intermittent claudication (n = 20), and with end-stage
      ischemia (night and rest pain) (n = 11), and in a control group without vascular
      disease (n = 8). No correlations were found between the resting limb blood flow,
      ankle/arm pressure ratios, maximum walking distance, and stated walking distance
      for the patients with stable claudication. Although the oxygen consumption was
      reduced only in the patients with end-stage ischemia, the percent oxygen
      extraction was increased to the same level in the patients with stable
      claudication and those with end-stage ischemia. Intramuscular stores of high
      energy phosphates and glycogen were maintained in all groups with the
      lactate/pyruvate ratio increased only in the patients with end-stage ischemia.
      The complex interrelationships between the rate and distribution of blood flow
      with exercise and enzyme adaptation in patients with vascular disease make
      current resting hemodynamic and metabolic evaluations a poor reflection of the
      severity of the clinical condition within each patient group. Therefore
      laboratory testing may offer no advantage over clinical presentation in the
      overall evaluation of these patients.

PMID- 4057450
TI  - Subclavian steal despite ipsilateral vertebral occlusion.
AB  - In the classic subclavian steal syndrome, vertebrobasilar insufficiency is caused
      by reverse flow in the vertebral artery ipsilateral to a subclavian stenosis or
      occlusion. We present two patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency and
      ipsilateral vertebral and subclavian occlusive disease. The postulated mechanism
      of vertebrobasilar insufficiency is reverse flow in collateral neck vessels. In
      both patients, symptoms were relieved by carotid subclavian bypass. Thus,
      vertebral occlusion ipsilateral to a subclavian stenosis does not preclude
      subclavian steal syndrome.

PMID- 4057451
TI  - Use of the transverse cervical artery with indwelling shunt for subclavian
      vertebral bypass.
AB  - A patient presented with vertebrobasilar symptoms and a complex pattern of
      cerebrovascular occlusions that required direct bypass to the vertebral artery. A
      branch of the thyrocervical trunk was used with a temporary indwelling shunt; the
      outcome was successful.

PMID- 4057452
TI  - Simple extra-anatomic jugular vein bypass for subclavian vein thrombosis.

PMID- 4057453
TI  - Medial agenesis associated with multiple extracranial peripheral and visceral
      arterial aneurysms.

PMID- 4057454
TI  - Late axillary artery thrombosis in patients with occluded axillary-femoral bypass
      grafts.

PMID- 4057456
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Self-reported behavioral changes among homosexual and
      bisexual men--San Francisco.

PMID- 4057455
TI  - Hastings Center initiates AIDS study.

PMID- 4057457
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Deaths associated with fires, burns, and explosions. New
      Mexico, 1978-1983.

PMID- 4057459
TI  - Hyperthyroidism and urticaria.

PMID- 4057458
TI  - Diet and ovarian cancer.

PMID- 4057461
TI  - Cessation of smoking and reduced risk of death.

PMID- 4057462
TI  - A pack is not a 'pack' is not a pack.

PMID- 4057460
TI  - Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia associated with pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 4057463
TI  - Business, trades, and professions.

PMID- 4057464
TI  - 'How do you do, Miss Manners....I'm Dave, your doctor'.

PMID- 4057465
TI  - Attitude corrosion by third-party payment.

PMID- 4057466
TI  - '...and could be I'm Irwin, but to less than 5%'.

PMID- 4057467
TI  - Cimetidine in burned patients.

PMID- 4057468
TI  - Diagnosing vertebral wedge deformities.

PMID- 4057469
TI  - The effects of aerobic exercise on plasma catecholamines and blood pressure in
      patients with mild essential hypertension.
AB  - The effects of a 16-week aerobic exercise program on blood pressure and plasma
      catecholamine levels were evaluated in 56 patients with baseline diastolic blood
      pressure of 90 to 140 mm Hg. The exercise group significantly improved their
      physical fitness, and reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressures, compared
      with controls. To evaluate the relationship between exercise, blood pressure, and
      plasma catecholamine values, the exercise group was further divided into
      hyperadrenergic and normoadrenergic subgroups. Reductions in systolic pressures
      were 6.3 mm Hg, 10.3 mm Hg, and 15.5 mm Hg for control, normoadrenergic, and
      hyperadrenergic groups, respectively. Diastolic changes were similar and also
      significant. Within the hyperadrenergic group, changes in blood pressures were
      associated with changes in values for plasma catecholamines following training.
      We conclude that an aerobic exercise program reduces blood pressure, which is at
      least partially mediated by changes in plasma catecholamine levels.

PMID- 4057470
TI  - Genetics and the risk for alcoholism.
AB  - The importance of genetic factors in alcoholism is supported by the familial
      nature of this disorder, the significantly higher concordance rate in identical
      than in fraternal twins, and the fourfold higher risk for children of alcoholics,
      even when adopted out at birth. Based on this evidence, the search is under way
      to identify possible genetically influenced factors that might contribute to the
      alcoholism risk. Studies of populations at high risk for the future development
      of alcoholism (eg, sons of alcoholics) have revealed a probable decreased
      intensity of reaction to modest doses of ethanol, a possible decreased amplitude
      of the P300 wave of the event-related potential, and a possible decreased amount
      of alpha-wave activity on the background cortical electroencephalogram. The
      implications of these and other findings and their impact on the practice of
      medicine are explored.

PMID- 4057471
TI  - Consensus report. Drug concentrations and driving impairment. Consensus
      Development Panel.
AB  - Most drugs that affect the central nervous system have the potential to impair
      driving ability. For many years, alcohol (ethanol) has been the drug of greatest
      concern, since it is, by far, the most frequently recognized cause of drug
      impaired driving. Yet as more therapeutic agents, such as benzodiazepines, are
      introduced and widely used, and as social use of unsanctioned drugs such as
      cannabis (marijuana) increases, attention must be directed toward other drugs.
      The National Institute on Drug Abuse sponsored a conference on drugs and driving
      in Durham, NC, in October 1983. The objective was to reach a consensus on several
      key issues associated with the current state of knowledge about the relationship
      between body fluid concentrations of drugs and their pharmacologically active
      metabolites and degree of driving impairment. It was also of interest to
      ascertain whether a sufficient body of knowledge exists for an expert to form an
      opinion, which will meet the applicable standards of proof for legal proceedings,
      that a person's driving ability was impaired based on body fluid concentrations
      of a drug. The consensus panel, representing the disciplines of clinical
      pharmacology, analytical and forensic toxicology, law, and forensic medicine
      agreed on answers to the following questions: Is ethanol a good model for other
      drugs? What drugs might have a potential for impairing a driver? How is driving
      impairment measured? What is known about correlations between driving impairment
      and drug concentrations? Could "per se" concentrations be established for drugs
      other than alcohol? Can impairment be established from body fluid concentrations?

PMID- 4057472
TI  - Autonomous cortisol secretion by a lipoid cell tumor of the ovary.

PMID- 4057473
TI  - Academic dismissals: due process. Part II.

PMID- 4057474
TI  - Historians strive to improve perspective, practice of medicine.

PMID- 4057476
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Prevention and control of influenza.

PMID- 4057475
TI  - From the NIH. Estrogen may protect against lung disorder.

PMID- 4057477
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Implementation of recommendations for influenza control.

PMID- 4057478
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Ethnic differences in survival after diagnosis of breast
      cancer--Hawaii.

PMID- 4057479
TI  - Reducing black neonatal mortality.

PMID- 4057480
TI  - Postponing or preventing deaths? Trends in infant survival.

PMID- 4057481
TI  - Coffee intake and serum lipids in men.

PMID- 4057482
TI  - Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia and disseminated coagulation.

PMID- 4057483
TI  - Cardiac arrest and anaphylaxis with anesthetic agents.

PMID- 4057484
TI  - Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema. RS3PE syndrome.
AB  - Eight elderly men and two elderly women presented with symmetrical polysynovitis
      of acute onset involving most of their appendicular joints and flexor digitorum
      tendons associated with pitting edema of the dorsum of both hands and both feet.
      Onset of seven of the ten cases could be pinpointed almost to the hour.
      Rheumatoid factors were absent from serum samples in all, and no radiologically
      evident erosions developed. Clinical and laboratory signs of inflammation and the
      edema disappeared gradually in each case. Treatment consisted of aspirin or other
      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Hydroxychloroquine, 200 to 400 mg/day, was
      given in six and gold therapy in two cases. Painless limitation of motion of the
      wrists and/or fingers persisted in all, although the patients were both unaware
      of and unhampered by this abnormality. Six of eight cases where typing was
      possible were positive for HLA-B7, CW7, and DQW2 (relative risk for B7, 9.5).
      Three cases of this syndrome were found in a consecutive series of 52 men
      diagnosed as having definite "rheumatoid arthritis," and thus represent a
      distinctive condition with an excellent prognosis.

PMID- 4057486
TI  - Curriculum change in the 1980s. A report of 40 southern US medical schools.
AB  - Forty southern medical schools were surveyed to evaluate the nature and
      mechanisms of curricular change during 1980 to 1983. Ninety percent of schools
      experienced change in some aspect of curriculum. Faculty, curriculum committees,
      the dean, and external forces were stimuli for change. Internal self-review or
      self-criticism seemed to be the most important reasons for change. Proposals were
      considered by curriculum committees and the dean, but veto power often rested
      with the dean, although departmental chairmen and faculty occasionally had veto
      power. Types of change were divided equally between content, timing of courses,
      and the educational process. Half the schools stated that they had evaluated the
      changes or planned to do so. Thirteen of 38 changes in curriculum were in the
      direction of curricular innovations of the 1960s and 1970s and 25 were in the
      opposite direction.

PMID- 4057485
TI  - Health status, job satisfaction, job stress, and life satisfaction among academic
      and clinical faculty.
AB  - The present study compares academic and clinical faculty affiliated with a major
      teaching hospital in terms of work characteristics, job stress, conflict between
      work and personal life, job and life satisfaction, and perceived health. There
      were no significant differences between the two physician groups on job
      satisfaction, total stress, anxiety, or depression scores. However, academic
      faculty reported working longer hours, taking less vacation time, and spending
      more time in research and teaching, but seeing fewer outpatients. Academic
      physicians experienced more conflict between work and personal life, were
      burdened by a variety of time pressures, and were less satisfied with their
      finances, but experienced fewer recent episodes of physical illness than clinical
      faculty. However, compared with what is known about the general population, both
      physician samples seemed equally or more satisfied with their health and their
      lives.

PMID- 4057487
TI  - Competition and cost in graduate medical education. Should we train unsalaried
      residents and fellows?
AB  - In 1985, a total of 6,080 applicants to the National Resident Matching Program
      (Match) were unable to match with residency positions. The majority of unmatched
      applicants were graduates of foreign medical schools. In addition, many US and
      foreign medical graduate applicants did not find positions in their preferred
      choice of specialties. As a result, teaching hospitals are increasingly receiving
      offers from would-be residents who are willing to work without financial support
      to gain the experience and credentials required for medical licensure. Teaching
      hospitals that consider accepting unsalaried house staff must begin to develop
      policies and guidelines that ensure fair and equitable treatment of all residents
      and fellows and that standards of quality are not compromised.

PMID- 4057488
TI  - A prevalent misconception regarding wide-complex tachycardias.
AB  - In response to a questionnaire, 59% of 196 physicians indicated that they were
      influenced by a patient's blood pressure and clinical status when attempting to
      distinguish ventricular tachycardia (VT) from paroxysmal supraventricular
      tachycardia with bundle-branch block. A sizable proportion of physicians are
      unaware that VT need not be associated with shock. More emphasis should be placed
      on making physicians aware that the differentiation of VT from paroxysmal
      supraventricular tachycardia should be based on electrocardiographic findings and
      not on the patient's blood pressure or clinical status.

PMID- 4057489
TI  - A neuroleptic malignantlike syndrome due to levodopa therapy withdrawal.
AB  - Three cases of a syndrome resembling neuroleptic malignant syndrome are described
      in patients never exposed to neuroleptics. Each patient had a long history of
      Parkinson's disease treated with a carbidopa-levodopa combination. Two patients
      developed the syndrome when administration of the drug was discontinued
      temporarily. One developed the syndrome before the "drug holiday," and then died
      during the holiday because of this complication.

PMID- 4057490
TI  - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Successful treatment with pancuronium.

PMID- 4057491
TI  - Chest mass in a patient with gastric cancer.

PMID- 4057492
TI  - Medical competition shouldn't be lethal.

PMID- 4057494
TI  - The role of a new machine.

PMID- 4057493
TI  - MEDIS: a new strategic option for acquiring medical information--electronically.

PMID- 4057495
TI  - Third World of medicine.

PMID- 4057496
TI  - Lasker Award winners include two Nobelists.

PMID- 4057497
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Tetanus--United States, 1982-1984.

PMID- 4057498
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Rapid nutritional and health assessment of population
      affected by drought-associated famine--Chad.

PMID- 4057499
TI  - Cyanide intoxication.

PMID- 4057500
TI  - Lidocaine poisoning: treatment and prevention.

PMID- 4057501
TI  - Differential diagnosis and heuristics.

PMID- 4057502
TI  - Is remote disease associated with Candida infection a tomato?

PMID- 4057503
TI  - Medical school response to physician excess.

PMID- 4057504
TI  - Seats on school buses.

PMID- 4057505
TI  - Myocardial infarction in women younger than 50 years.

PMID- 4057506
TI  - Bacterial meningitis despite normal CSF findings.

PMID- 4057507
TI  - The prevalence of hypovitaminosis C.

PMID- 4057508
TI  - After many a summer: a modern analysis of ancient lifetime data.

PMID- 4057509
TI  - Brown recluse spider bites: stay cool.

PMID- 4057510
TI  - Observations vs statistics.

PMID- 4057511
TI  - Infection control practices in Minnesota nursing homes.
AB  - Because infection is a major cause of hospitalization among nursing home
      residents, we assessed infection control activities and related employee health
      policies in Minnesota nursing homes, using a questionnaire. The majority of
      institutions (378/440, 85.9%) responded. We found traditional isolation
      techniques were widely used, but blood and urine precautions were employed in
      less than half of the homes. Infection surveillance tended to focus on chart
      review. Antibiotic utilization studies were done in 76% of homes. Procedures for
      urinary catheter care were often at variance with current recommendations.
      Employee health policies required a physical examination of a new employee in a
      minority of institutions. Policies required by Minnesota statute (eg, skin
      testing for tuberculosis and documentation of employee illness) were carried out
      by most institutions. Infection control policies and procedures in nursing homes
      should be redefined so that, where appropriate, they are more consistent with
      practices in acute-care hospitals.

PMID- 4057513
TI  - The role of compulsiveness in the normal physician.
AB  - This article presents some observations from a workshop setting about the role of
      compulsiveness in the normal physician. Case examples illustrate the effect of
      this character trait on the professional, personal, and family life of the
      typical physician. Doubt, guilt feelings, and an exaggerated sense of
      responsibility form a compulsive triad in the personality of the physician. This
      triad manifests itself in both adaptive and maladaptive ways. This article
      focuses primarily on the maladaptive, including difficulty in relaxing,
      reluctance to take vacations from work, problems in allocating time to family, an
      inappropriate and excessive sense of responsibility for things beyond one's
      control, chronic feelings of "not doing enough," difficulty setting limits,
      hypertrophied guilt feelings that interfere with the healthy pursuit of pleasure,
      and the confusion of selfishness with healthy self-interest.

PMID- 4057512
TI  - Tick-borne tularemia. An outbreak of lymphadenopathy in children.
AB  - Between June 1 and July 15, 1984, twenty persons with glandular tularemia were
      identified on the Lower Brule and Crow Creek Indian reservations in South Dakota.
      The median age of the patients was 6 years (range, 2 to 20 years). The clinical
      illness was mild, consisting of fever, headache, and lymphadenopathy. All
      lymphadenopathy was in the head and neck area. Dermacentor variabilis ticks were
      identified as the vector. Although the mild clinical illness suggested
      Francisella tularensis, type B, was the agent, both type A and type B strains of
      F tularensis were isolated from ticks collected from dogs in the area. Tularemia
      is generally thought to be a severe systemic illness in North America. This
      outbreak illustrates that it can be a mild disease and that both type A and type
      B strains can be tick-borne and coexist in the same ecosystem.

PMID- 4057514
TI  - Asbestos bodies in carcinoma of colon in an insulation worker with asbestosis.

PMID- 4057515
TI  - Echocardiography and nuclear cardiac imaging in the critical care unit.

PMID- 4057516
TI  - The office laboratory director's guide.
AB  - More than 90% of primary care physicians have access to an office laboratory.
      These physicians serve as the director of their laboratory services and are
      legally responsible for test results. This responsibility has become a greater
      challenge as more sophisticated laboratory testing is available for office use.
      Yet clinicians find few reliable sources to help them face these changes. This
      article is intended to serve as a guide for the clinician facing the new
      responsibilities as laboratory director.

PMID- 4057517
TI  - Dr Wallaby. A parable for modern medicine.

PMID- 4057518
TI  - The small office laboratory in the cycle of laboratory medicine: reinventing the
      magic black box.

PMID- 4057519
TI  - Infection control in nursing homes.

PMID- 4057520
TI  - Scoliosis management now subject of numerous questions.

PMID- 4057521
TI  - Preventing nuclear war remains the top priority for IPPNW.

PMID- 4057523
TI  - Nuclear threat: what about the Russians?

PMID- 4057522
TI  - The medical response to nuclear war.

PMID- 4057524
TI  - Child psychiatrists and the threat of nuclear war.

PMID- 4057525
TI  - Narcotics Anonymous.

PMID- 4057526
TI  - Is there an excess of saturated fat in infant formula?

PMID- 4057527
TI  - Infectious alopecia in a child day-care center.

PMID- 4057528
TI  - The incidence of stroke among pregnant women in Rochester, Minn, 1955 through
      1979.
AB  - This study defines the incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular
      disorders among pregnant women in Rochester, Minn, from 1955 through 1979. Of the
      26,099 live births during this period, only one instance of cerebral infarction
      (5.1 cerebral infarctions per 100,000 person-years of observation) and no
      instances of transient ischemic attack or intracranial hemorrhage were identified
      in pregnant women. These data suggest that the occurrence rates of
      cerebrovascular events during pregnancy may be much lower than has previously
      been reported.

PMID- 4057529
TI  - Somatization disorder. One of medicine's blind spots.
AB  - Patients with somatization disorders are frequently unrecognized and
      misdiagnosed. The diagnosis depends on recognizing a long-standing pattern of
      seeking medical intervention for vague, multisystemic symptoms, often without
      clear physical cause. These patients use symptoms as a way to communicate,
      express emotion, and be taken care of. Instead of recognizing the disorder and
      exploring psychosocial contributors to illness, nonpsychiatric physicians tend to
      repeatedly pursue organic possibilities through multiple tests, procedures,
      medications, and operations. In patients with somatization disorders, the dollar
      costs of this strategy are only exceeded by its potential for iatrogenic harm.
      More productive treatment strategies are presented, emphasizing the need for a
      long-term relationship with a primary care provider who will treat the patient
      and his symptoms seriously and respectfully but who is not compelled to
      invasively evaluate all symptoms.

PMID- 4057530
TI  - Prepaid entitlements. A new challenge for physician-patient relationships.
AB  - The transition from a fee-for-service model to a prepaid health care system
      creates new challenges for both physicians and patients. Occasionally both can
      feel trapped in the new setting and must rely on new or different strategies to
      reach sometimes divergent objectives. This may alter the physician-patient
      relationship in ways that neither likes. Based on our experience in a large
      multispecialty academic group practice, we have developed management strategies
      to mitigate such stresses on both parties. These include review of marketing
      efforts; education of new patients to foster realistic expectations; a physician
      generated, prospective internal policy for dealing with dissatisfied patients and
      physicians; a strong central administrative physician to serve as a "lightning
      rod" and counselor; and continuing physician orientation and education to improve
      judgment and attitudes. These strategies promote the physician's role as expert
      consultant-educator with the best interests of the patient as the first priority.

PMID- 4057531
TI  - Pertussis vaccine injury. AMA Ad Hoc Panel on Pertussis Vaccine Injury.

PMID- 4057532
TI  - Photocoagulation therapy for diabetic eye disease. Early Treatment Diabetic
      Retinopathy Study Research Group.

PMID- 4057533
TI  - Left ventricular responses to supine bicycle exercise assessed by radionuclide
      angiocardiography and a Swan-Ganz catheter.
AB  - Left ventricular responses to supine bicycle ergometer exercise were studied by
      gated radionuclide angiocardiography (RNA), in 12 normal subjects (group A), 11
      coronary patients without effort angina (group B) and 17 coronary patients with
      effort angina (group C). In the serial measurement of global ejection fraction
      (EF) there was a significant increase during peak exercise (PEx) in group A and
      B. In group C, global EF during mild exercise (MEx) did not increase, but
      decreased significantly during PEx. These results suggest the necessity of
      achieving adequate exercise loading in the diagnosis of exercise-induced
      ischemia, and also, that the serial measurement of global EF during exercise
      appears to be highly valuable. In the assessment of regional wall motion on the
      basis of regional EF, abnormal responses to exercise were highly inducible in the
      anteroseptal region in coronary patients with left anterior descending artery
      involvement. Abnormal wall motion in the other regions was less indicative for
      right coronary or left circumflex artery dysfunction. We examined hemodynamic
      responses to exercise by a Swan-Ganz catheter during RNA study in 5 patients of
      group A, 5 of group B, and 9 of group C. There was a large increase in left
      ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) with a small rise in pulmonary capillary
      wedge pressure (PCWP) in group A. In group B LVSWI increased with a moderate rise
      in PCWP during PEx. In group C there was a negligible increase of LVSWI despite a
      marked rise in PCWP. A similar relationship was present between the LVSWI and the
      end-diastolic count (EDC) in the left ventricular region of interest. In MEx,
      however, the rise in PCWP in group C was more prominent than the increase in EDC.
      Thus, the present data indicate that the left ventricle in group C operates on a
      steeper portion of the diastolic pressure-volume curve than that in group A or B.

PMID- 4057534
TI  - Analysis of the left ventricular early diastolic function in old myocardial
      infarction by gated radionuclide angiography.
AB  - In order to determine the validity of the left ventricular (LV) diastolic
      function for evaluation of ischemic heart disease, gated radionuclide angiography
      was performed in 37 patients with transmural myocardial infarction (MI) [18:
      anterior, 19: inferior infarction] and 10 normal control subjects. LV ejection
      fraction (LVEF) was decreased in patients with anterior MI but not in those with
      inferior MI. Time to peak filling rate was not significantly prolonged in both
      anterior MI and inferior MI. Filling fraction was apparently reduced only in
      anterior MI. However, peak filling rate (PFR) was significantly reduced even in
      inferior MI as well as in anterior MI. PFR correlated well with LVEF in normal
      control, anterior MI and inferior MI. In both anterior MI and inferior MI, their
      coefficients were smaller than in controls. The normal PFR always indicated
      normal LVEF, while normal LVEF was not necessarily indicative of normal PFR.
      Results indicated that LV diastolic function estimated by equilibrium
      radionuclide angiography might reflect more precisely LV dysfunction in old MI
      than LV systolic function. The reduction of LV diastolic function in old MI was
      more prominent than that of LV systolic function. Therefore, it may be deduced
      that evaluation of LV diastolic function is essential to the estimation of the
      degree of ischemic myocardial cell damage and the efficacy of drugs on ischemia
      induced LV dysfunction.

PMID- 4057535
TI  - Right and left ventricular volume characteristics in children with transposition
      of the great arteries after Mustard's procedure.
AB  - With use of biplane cine-angiocardiograms, the measurements of right and left
      ventricular volume were determined in 11 children with transposition of the great
      arteries following Mustard's procedure. Right ventricular end-diastolic volume
      (RVEDV) ranged from 124 to 264 percent of the normal right ventricular volume
      with an average of 188 +/- 40 (SDM) percent, and left ventricular end-diastolic
      volume (LVEDV) ranged from 57 to 181 (122 +/- 43) percent of the normal (p less
      than 0.01, vs. RVEDV). Right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) ranged from
      0.26 to 0.66 (0.42 +/- 0.11), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)
      ranged from 0.51 to 0.79 (0.66 +/- 0.09) (p less than 0.001, vs RVEF). Left
      ventriculography showed a deviation of the interventricular septum toward the
      left ventricle in patients with simple transposition of the great arteries not
      associated with left ventricular hypertension. The left to right ventricular
      systolic pressure ratio ranged from 0.22 to 1.02 (0.48 +/- 0.28), and the left to
      right ventricular end-diastolic volume ratio ranged from 0.43 to 1.00 (0.63 +/-
      0.18). There was a high correlation between the left to right ventricular
      systolic pressure ratio and the left to right ventricular end-diastolic volume
      ration (r = 0.94, p less than 0.001). The left to right ventricular systolic
      pressure ratio also correlated well with the right ventricular ejection fraction
      (r = 0.90, p less than 0.001). Deviation of the interventricular septum was
      considered to result in a diminished ejection fraction of the right ventricle, in
      patients with simple transposition of the great arteries not associated with left
      ventricular hypertension, after Mustard's procedure.

PMID- 4057536
TI  - Advance of cardiac computed tomography--functional evaluation of the
      cardiovascular system.
AB  - The validity of X-ray CT in the functional diagnosis of several cardiovascular
      diseases was evaluated. CT was useful for assessing the amount and the
      characteristics of intrapericardial fluid, and it was also useful for the
      diagnosis of cardiac tamponade and constrictive pericarditis. A dynamic scan was
      found to be useful for determining the location, direction and the magnitude of
      intracardiac shunts, and for differentiating the true lumen from the false lumen
      in dissecting aortic aneurysms. As direct evidence of myocardial infarction, a
      filling defect in the infarcted area and late enhancement of the same area on
      delayed scan were noted. Regional wall motion abnormalities could be demonstrated
      by ECG gated CT, and other findings such as myocardial thinning, ventricular
      aneurysm and mural thrombi in the infarcted area were documented.

PMID- 4057537
TI  - Diagnosis of coronary artery disease by body surface mapping--body surface
      distribution of exercise-induced ST changes in patients without myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - In 36 patients with effort angina pectoris without myocardial infarction, the
      sites of exercise-induced ST changes (depression and elevation) on the body
      surface were investigated. Exercise-induced ST depression was most often seen in
      left anterior chest leads. The body surface distribution of ST depression failed
      to identify the obstructed coronary artery. Exercise-induced myocardial ischemia
      was thought to extend to the greater part of the subendocardial region of the
      left ventricle. Exercise-induced ST elevation was mainly found on the upper right
      anterior chest. It has been suggested that these leads face the interior of the
      left ventricle and the observed ST elevation directly reflects subendocardial
      ischemia of the left ventricle. This data is important for evaluating ST changes
      in exercise electrocardiography.

PMID- 4057538
TI  - Applications of anticardiac myosin monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis of
      heart disease.
AB  - We have developed anticardiac myosin antibodies, especially monoclonal
      antibodies, for helping in the diagnosis of heart disease. Our investigations
      were divided into three research projects. We visualized the distribution of
      myosin isozymes in human atrial and ventricular myocardium by an
      immunofluorescence staining method using monoclonal antibodies specific for
      individual human cardiac myosin isozymes. We also revealed the redistribution of
      these cardiac myosin isozymes in an overloaded condition. The isozymic pattern of
      cardiac myosin was changed from the atrial type to the ventricular type in the
      overloaded atrium. This isozymic redistribution can be considered as
      physiological adaptive mechanism to meet increased cardiac work during overload.
      We developed a new method of imaging for myocardial infarction by single photon
      emission tomography using labelled monoclonal antibody specific for cardiac
      myosin heavy chain. Specific localization of the labelled antibody was
      demonstrated in the infarcted area and no accumulation of radioactivity was shown
      in the bone matrix as observed in 99mTc pyrophosphate images. We developed a
      sensitive radioimmunoassay of cardiac myosin light chain I (LCI) and demonstrated
      that peak serum levels of LCI in the patients with acute myocardial infarction
      correlated well with the left ventricular ejection fraction. Furthermore, LCI
      release from the infarcted myocardium was not affected by coronary reperfusion
      due to intracoronary thrombolysis. Thus, serial determinations of serum LCI
      better quantify the extent of myocardial damage even after coronary reperfusion
      in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4057539
TI  - Proceedings of the 49th annual scientific meeting of the Japanese Circulation
      Society. March 1985, Tokyo. Abstracts.

PMID- 4057540
TI  - [Alteration of the position of an endobronchial tube by flexion and extension of
      the neck].

PMID- 4057541
TI  - [Spot skin analgesia induced by iontophoretic application of a local anesthetic].

PMID- 4057542
TI  - [Morphine metabolism during epidural morphine infusion].

PMID- 4057543
TI  - [Evoked action potentials from single muscle fiber in cats (1)].

PMID- 4057544
TI  - [Effects of enflurane on the coronary circulation in dogs].

PMID- 4057545
TI  - [Effect of controlled hypotension on inorganic fluoride and renal function after
      enflurane anesthesia. Difference between trimetaphan and sodium nitroprusside].

PMID- 4057546
TI  - [Modified balanced anesthesia for patients with increased intracranial pressure].

PMID- 4057547
TI  - [Serial changes in plasma thromboxane and complement in ARDS--effect of the
      thromboxane synthetase inhibitor].

PMID- 4057548
TI  - [The effect of angiotensin II antagonist on hypoxemia].

PMID- 4057549
TI  - [Risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications; a retrospective
      multivariate discriminant analysis study].

PMID- 4057550
TI  - [A ventilator system for laser microsurgery of the larynx].

PMID- 4057551
TI  - [Successful facial nerve block in a case of Meige's syndrome].

PMID- 4057552
TI  - [Biological activities of chemically-treated glycolipids from Salmonella
      minnesota Re-mutant].

PMID- 4057553
TI  - Application of scanning electron microscopy in the characterization of Aschoff
      nodules in rheumatic heart disease.
AB  - Aschoff nodules (ANs) in excised atrial appendages from cases of rheumatic heart
      disease were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). ANs could be
      identified with ease as nodular, fairly well defined cell aggregates lying in the
      subendocardium closely apposed to the myocardium. Cells comprising ANs were
      loosely packed in stacks. They were rectangular, oblong and angulated. The
      surface of some cells had fine ribbing while others were smooth having occasional
      blunt projections. SEM observations coupled with the findings of conventional and
      electron microscopy suggest that cells composing ANs are of mesenchymal origin
      having characters of epithelioid cells, reticular cells and/or fibroblasts.

PMID- 4057554
TI  - The cause of low voltage QRS complex in primary hypothyroidism. Pericardial
      effusion or thyroid hormone deficiency?
AB  - In order to clarify the cause of low voltage QRS complex seen on ECG (low
      voltage), thyroid hormones, LDH isozyme and pericardial effusion (PE) were
      studied in 39 patients with primary hypothyroidism. Low voltage and PE were found
      in 12 of 39 (30.8%) and 12 of 27 (44.4%), respectively. Serum T4 in patients with
      low voltage (Group 1) was significantly lower than that in patients without low
      voltage (Group 2) (T4 1.4 +/- 1.7 vs 2.8 +/- 2.3 micrograms/dl, p less than
      0.05). Group 1 had a higher incidence of large amounts of PE than Group 2 (6/8 vs
      1/19, p less than 0.002). However, there was no significant difference in thyroid
      hormone levels between patients with and without PE. No significant difference in
      LDH isozyme pattern was found among the groups. Low voltage without PE was found
      in only one patient. Two patients with low voltage and PE demonstrated that in
      spite of the presence of large PE, low voltage improved after thyroid replacement
      therapy. By multi-variate analysis, low voltage was related to large PE, patient
      age and low T4 levels. From these results, it was suggested that in
      hypothyroidism low voltage was brought about by a combination of both severe
      thyroid hormone deficiency and large PE. In addition, elderly patients over 60
      years had low voltage more frequently than did patients under 59 years.

PMID- 4057555
TI  - Metoclopramide in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.
AB  - Cardiovascular and plasma catecholamine responses to metoclopramide (MCP), a
      dopamine antagonist, were examined in 5 patients with pheochromocytoma, 12
      patients with essential hypertension (EHT) and 9 normotensive (NT) subjects who
      displayed symptoms suggestive of pheochromocytoma on a constant daily intake of
      100 mEq sodium and 80 mEq potassium. Significant pressor responses to intravenous
      doses of 5 mg of MCP, which produced no serious pressor episodes and no other
      undesirable side effects, were found only in the patients with pheochromocytoma,
      in contrast to the subjects with EHT and NT who tended to display slight
      depressor responses. After curative surgery for pheochromocytoma, the MCP-induced
      pressor effects returned to normal. Furthermore, the enhanced pressor effects of
      MCP in the patients with pheochromocytoma were associated with increased plasma
      norepinephrine (NE) concentrations. However, the plasma epinephrine (E)
      concentrations remained unchanged after the MCP injection. Thus, this dose of MCP
      appears to be a more suitable vasopressor provocative agent in the
      pharmacological diagnosis of pheochromocytoma compared to currently used agents.

PMID- 4057556
TI  - Sudden nocturnal death in young males from ventricular flutter.
AB  - Two young males who had no organic heart disease died unexpectedly during the
      night. In one patient, the monitor ECG showed a sinoatrial block and the
      electrophysiologic study revealed a sinoatrial conduction time at the upper limit
      of normal and a prolonged PA interval. The surface ECG showed left axis
      deviation. Ventricular ectopic beats were confined to the night when he died from
      ventricular flutter. The ECG of the other patient was normal except for the
      change in QRS configuration found when the preceding RR interval was prolonged,
      suggesting a phase 4 block in intraventricular conduction. He was completely free
      from arrhythmia except for the ventricular ectopic beats which developed around
      9:00 p.m. and the ventricular flutter following an R-on-T type ventricular
      ectopic beat which resulted in death during the night. The autopsy showed no
      organic heart disease. ST elevation suggestive of acute ischemia was not found
      and the QT intervals were normal in both cases. No electrolyte imbalances were
      found. These 2 cases can be diagnosed as pokkuri disease which is well known in
      Japan. The victims are exclusively young males who have no apparent diseases to
      which death can be attributed.

PMID- 4057557
TI  - A case with fistulas from both coronary arteries and the left bronchial artery to
      the pulmonary artery.
AB  - A case with fistulas from both coronary arteries and the bronchial artery to the
      pulmonary artery is reported. We believe this is the first case report of an
      uncommon form of complex arteriovenous fistula diagnosed by selective
      angiography.

PMID- 4057558
TI  - Hypoplastic left coronary artery. In association with occlusive intimal
      thickening of a coronary artery with ectopic ostium and with atresia of the left
      coronary ostium.
AB  - Two cases of hypoplastic coronary artery (HCA) are presented. Case 1, a 13 year
      old girl, died suddenly during a long distance race. She had HLCA with marked
      intimal thickening and an ectopic left coronary ostium above the commisure
      between the non-coronary and left coronary cusp at post mortem examination. The
      right coronary artery (RCA) was enlarged and also supplied parts of the area
      normally supplied by the left coronary artery (LCA). Pathological findings
      revealed a normal RCA and an extremely hypoplastic LCA with occlusive
      proliferation of the intima and a myocardial infarction of the left ventricle.
      Case 2, a 6 year old girl, had a history of effort angina. Selective coronary
      angiography was performed which failed to demonstrate the orifice of the LCA by
      aortography. However, the hypoplastic LCA was visualized by RCA angiography as a
      consequence of anomalous collaterals from the atrioventricular branch of the RCA.
      We postulate that HCA results from various conditions, including stenosis of the
      coronary artery orifice, an aberrant course between the pulmonary artery and
      aorta and ectopic positioning of the coronary artery ostium. In addition, HCA may
      also be associated with occlusive coronary artery abnormalities.

PMID- 4057559
TI  - The spontaneously hypertensive rat (20). Proceedings of XX annual scientific
      meeting of the Council for the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR). October 6-7,
      1984, Hiroshima-ken. Abstracts.

PMID- 4057560
TI  - [Sinus histiocytosis in the lymph nodes of breast cancer patients having
      undergone extensive radical mastectomy].
AB  - Sinus histiocytosis in the regional lymph nodes of 45 patients with breast cancer
      who had undergone extended radical mastectomy was studied by histological
      examination of 2,294 resected lymph nodes. Sinus histiocytosis was divided into
      three grades, marked, moderate, and mild to negative, by Ohmori's classification.
      The results indicated that: 1) sinus histiocytosis correlates fairly well with
      clinical stage, especially with the n-factor, and 2) the degree of sinus
      histiocytosis shows little difference between three groups of regional lymph
      nodes. The authors concluded that sinus histiocytosis dominates the prognosis and
      represents some aspect of a reticuloendothelial response of the whole body to
      carcinoma.

PMID- 4057561
TI  - [Clinicopathological study of minute cancer of the stomach].
AB  - Nineteen patients with solitary minute carcinoma (single cases) and 16 with foci
      of minute cancer, found as a component of multiple early gastric carcinoma
      (multiple cases) were studied. The results were as follows; 1) The histological
      type of the single cases was the differentiated type in 95%. 2) All lesions of
      the multiple cases were mucosal invasive carcinoma, while 16% of the single cases
      (3/19) had submucosal invasive carcinoma. 3) As for the distribution of the
      single and multiple cases according to the surrounding mucosal atrophy, the
      single eases were in the pyloric gland zone, the multiple cases in the
      intermediate zone.

PMID- 4057562
TI  - [Studies on cases of resection of cardiac carcinoma].
AB  - We studied 53 cases of cardiac carcinoma resected at our hospital during the past
      15 years. The five-year survival rate of patients undergoing curative resection
      was 62.5%. But that of esophagocardiac carcinoma died due to recurrence after the
      curative resection. In such cases, recurrence was often observed in the thoracic
      cavity, especially in those who survived more than two years postoperatively.
      Therefore, in surgery for esophagocardiac carcinoma, sufficient mediastinal lymph
      node removal is necessary.

PMID- 4057563
TI  - [Fever in renal cell carcinoma].
AB  - Fever developed in 65 (37.8%) out of 172 patients with renal cell carcinoma,
      being the third most frequent symptom following hematuria and renal mass.
      Patients who developed fever were associated with symptoms such as palpable renal
      mass, general malaise anorexia, weight loss, acceleration in ESR, liver
      dysfunctions and an increase in alpha 2-globulin significantly more frequently
      than those who did not. Histologically also, high graded cases were more common
      with a significant. Moreover, the prognosis was significantly more poor.

PMID- 4057564
TI  - [Epidemiologic study by interview on carcinoma in situ of the cervix uteri].
AB  - From 1950 to 1979, 1248 patients with cancer in situ of the cervix uteri were
      treated at the Department of Gynecology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo.
      Information was obtained from 585 of these patients by direct interview. Many
      patients revealed early experience of first sexual intercourse and many had had
      more than two sexual partners and a large discrepancy between the age at first
      sexual intercourse and at first marriage. Early experience of first sexual
      intercourse, marital status and the number of sexual partners all seem to have a
      relation to the development of cancer in situ.

PMID- 4057565
TI  - [A statistical analysis of multiple primary malignant tumors].
AB  - The authors analyzed 32 patients with multiple primary malignant tumors treated
      in the Department of Otolaryngology, Mie Univ. from 1965 to 1984 and reviewed the
      literature. Of 1149 malignant head and neck tumors in our clinic in the same
      period, 32 cases (2.79%) were multiple primary malignant tumors. In this series,
      quadruple and triple malignancies were found in one case each and double ones in
      the others. The average age of these 32 patients was 67.5 years for the men and
      52.7 for the women. The male: female ratio was 4.3:1. The average interval
      between the first and second tumor was 35 months, and in 17 cases (56.7%), they
      were synchronous. Laryngeal cancers were the most frequent double-primary lesions
      and cancers in the head and neck were most commonly associated with stomach
      cancers in this study.

PMID- 4057566
TI  - [Evaluation of the measurement of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels
      using monoclonal antibody].
AB  - We measured serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in 164 cancer patients,
      153 patients with benign diseases and 45 healthy controls using monoclonal
      antibody and compared CEA levels by monoclonal antibody (m-CEA) with those by
      polyclonal antibody (p-CEA). There was a good correlation between m-CEA and p
      CEA, especially in cancer patients. The positively of m-CEA was almost the same
      as that of p-CEA in cancer patients. But, false-positive cases by m-CEA were less
      common than by p-CEA in non-cancerous patients. Thus, the measurement of m-CEA
      was not less useful than that of p-CEA.

PMID- 4057567
TI  - [Acinic cell tumor of the epipharynx--a patient treated with surgery and high
      dose intracavitary radiation therapy].
AB  - A case of acinic cell tumor of the epipharynx is reported. The patient was a 41
      year-old man. The tumor was surgically removed by the transpalatal approach.
      Light microscopically, the lesion was composed of serous acinic cells with
      eosinophilic granules, clear cells with water-clear cytoplasm and their
      intermediate type, vacuolated cells. The serous acinic cells were PAS (periodic
      acid-Schiff)- and DPAS (PAS with diastase predigestion)-positive. The clear and
      vacuolated cells were PAS- and DPAS-negative. The patient underwent early
      postoperative radiation therapy; high-dose intracavitary radiation therapy using
      remote-controlled afterloading equipment was given subsequent to the external
      radiation therapy. The patient has been free of recurrence and abnormal findings
      for one year after treatment.

PMID- 4057568
TI  - [A case of superficial esophageal cancer with metastasis to the gastric wall].
AB  - A 65-year-old man with superficial esophageal cancer associated with gastric wall
      metastasis is presented. He had suffered from epigastralgia and dysphagia for two
      months. X-Ray and endoscopic examination revealed esophageal erosion at the right
      wall of the lower esophagus and a large gastric submucosal tumor at the lesser
      curvature of the upper and middle stomach. Resection of the lower esophagus and
      total gastrectomy were performed. Histologically, the erosion of the lower
      esophagus was moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma invading as deep
      as the submucosal tissue and the tumor of the stomach was metastasis of the
      esophageal cancer. Intramural metastasis of esophageal cancer was discussed.

PMID- 4057569
TI  - [A case of coexistent multiple malignant lymphomas and early carcinoma of the
      stomach].
AB  - A 68-year-old man with multiple malignant lymphomas and early gastric carcinoma
      in the stomach is described. In the resected stomach, six lesions of malignant
      lymphoma, large cell type (LSG classification) or histiocytic type (Rappaport
      classification) were observed at the posterior wall of the gastric body. Well
      differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma as an early carcinoma of type IIc was also
      found on the lesser curvature of the gastric body. In addition, multiple early
      follicular proliferation of malignant lymphoma was microscopically revealed
      centering around the gastric body. This rare case of coexistent multiple
      malignant lymphomas and early carcinoma of the stomach is reported and discussed.

PMID- 4057571
TI  - [The present status of the multidisciplinary treatment of malignant melanoma].
AB  - Malignant melanoma is one of the malignant tumors that prognosis is still
      gravest. Over the past years, a number of approaches have been used in treating
      this disease. And recently it has been said that multidisciplinary treatment
      should be needed for patients with stage 1 b and more advanced stage. At present,
      most frequently used combined chemotherapeutic regimens DAV (DTIC, ACNU and
      Vincristine) and PAV (Peplomycin, ACNU and Vincristine). With regard to
      radiotherapy, fast neutron and irradiation with hyperthermia has been recognized
      to be useful for malignant melanoma. Recently immunotherapy has been applied to
      the treatment of malignant melanoma. It is expected that multidisciplinary
      treatment will improve the prognosis of malignant melanoma.

PMID- 4057570
TI  - [Multidisciplinary treatment of bone and soft tissue sarcomas].
AB  - The result of the group study on adjuvant chemotherapy with HD-MTX, ADR and CPM
      for 25 cases of osteosarcomas is as follows: Overall survival at three and a half
      years is 58.4% and the disease-free survival is 40%. In our clinics, 66 cases of
      osteosarcomas were treated by the radical surgery from 1955. Overall survival of
      these cases at five years was 49%. Overall survival between 1955 and 1974 was 43%
      and that from 1975, the year when ADR was introduced, to date was 55%. The data
      of the group study of soft tissue sarcoma sponsored by Ministry of Health and
      Welfare show that in 318 cases of soft tissue sarcomas of extremities, the
      recurrence rate during the period between 1962 and 1976 is 52%, metastasis rate
      69%, and overall survival at 5 years 42%. From 1972 to 1983, in 414 cases treated
      by the orthopaedic clinics of the same group the recurrence rate become as low as
      23% metastasis rate 45% and overall survival at 5 years 56%. In our clinics, 89
      patients with soft tissue sarcomas were treated by the curative wide resection
      and the recurrence rate is 12%, metastasis rate 25%, and overall survival at 5
      years 78%. In this series, in 80% of cases limb salvage is succeeded.

PMID- 4057572
TI  - [Multidisciplinary treatment of malignant melanoma].
AB  - Prognosis was obviously poor in PPSM-treated stage Ib cases, compared with extra
      PPSM-treated counterparts (P less than 0.01). Out of the PPSM-treated stage Ib
      cases, those where prophylactic lymph node dissection was performed ran a
      prognosis similar to the extra PPSM-treated stage Ib cases: it is advisable
      therefore to perform the prophylactic lymph node dissection actively in the PPSM
      treated stage Ib cases. A response rate of 28.6% was achieved with PAV therapy in
      stage IV cases, with metastases to the skin, subcutaneous tissue, lymph nodes and
      bone responding to the therapy. PAV therapy, when applied in operable cases,
      brought about excellent 5-year survival rates as 100% high as in stage Ia, 92.9%
      in stage Ib, 53.1% in stage II, and 66.9% in stage Ib + II cases. In a
      randomized, controlled study of bestatin in stage Ib and II cases over about 4
      years has revealed that both the disease-free rate and the survival rate were
      significantly high in the bestatin-treated group, compared with the control
      group.

PMID- 4057573
TI  - [Multidisciplinary therapy of urogenital cancer].
AB  - At present there is no effective chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of
      renal carcinoma. In Japan there have been reports concerning group studies
      employing alpha and beta-type interferon (IFN) with effective results of being
      obtained. The treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma is exceptionally
      difficult but Kato and his co-workers at Akita university have achieved good
      results with a chemo-embolization method employing MMC-mc. In cases of bladder
      cancer, there have been several reports in the international and Japanese reports
      concerning the relationship between prognosis and the loss of ABO blood antigens
      on the cellular membrane. We consider that, in it's negative cases, aggressive
      multidisciplinary treatment is necessary even in early stage cases. The treatment
      of prostate cancer is primarily based on hormone treatment but in cases of
      recurrence or hormone resistant cases chemotherapy including adriamycin,
      cyclophosphamide and cis-platin is employed but complete response is difficult to
      obtain. Therefore the problem is how to control such cases for as long as
      possible.

PMID- 4057574
TI  - [Present state of the multidisciplinary treatment of renal, bladder and prostatic
      tumors].
AB  - Surgery has been considered to be a main treatment of urogenital cancer. However,
      surgery alone could not completely cure these patients. The prognosis was poor.
      Multi-disciplinary treatment has been adopted to improve these results. However,
      there are many problems to be solved, such as combination of these regimens. In
      addition, the criteria for evaluation of the therapy should be considered.
      Nevertheless, multi-disciplinary treatment has been one of the most potent
      procedures for these malignancies.

PMID- 4057575
TI  - [Hormonal therapy of endometrial cancer].
AB  - Progestin therapy is indicated for advanced or metastatic endometrial cancer as
      well as a adjuvant therapy for primary cancer. There are several predictors of
      tumor responsiveness to the hormone. Sex steroid receptor(R) is a biochemical
      marker. Receptor analysis was done in 73 cases of primary endometrial cancer. The
      concentrations of estrogen (E), progestin (P) and androgen (A) were found to
      correlate with the degree of tumor differentiation; well-differentiated tumor
      contains significantly greater receptors than moderately-and poorly
      differentiated tumors. Both ER and PR were positive in about 80% of the well
      differentiated tumor, but negative in 50% of the poorly-differentiated tumors.
      Analysis of 13 cases of death shows some correlation of the PR concentrations
      with the survival time. Receptor dynamics in tumor of the patients enables us to
      predict possible site(s) of impaired responsiveness to progestin. Furthermore, in
      addition to progestin and estrogen test, tamoxifen challenge test is useful as in
      vivo sensitivity test. Moreover, receptor manipulation by tamoxifen may be
      employed to enhance hormonal sensitivity of the tumor, particularly the low
      receptor one.

PMID- 4057576
TI  - [Endocrine therapy of prostatic cancer].
AB  - Response rate of prostatic cancer to endocrine therapy is approximately 80%, but
      more than half of responders show relapse by five years. Factors influencing
      prognosis are histological grade, stage, effect of elevated acid phosphatase, and
      androphilic protein observed histochemically. Relapse may be attributable to
      progression and clonal selection.

PMID- 4057577
TI  - [Anticancer therapy of the genito-urinary tract and infection].
AB  - Infectious diseases will often occur in the genito-urinary tract cancer cases,
      who are undergone the therapy of anticancer drugs. The organisms isolated from
      these cases are almost so-called opportunistic pathogens. beta-lactam antibiotics
      are given frequently to these cases, because of the mechanisms of the
      antibacterial activity. The effects of beta-lactams on macrophage phagocytic and
      killing activity of P. aeruginosa are examined. Cells pretreated with
      Carbenicillin, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime or AC-1370 caused a greater degree of
      decline of viable cells than the untreated control cells. Intravesical
      instillation of Adriamycin in superficial bladder tumor are very useful, but
      chemical-cystitis will find sometimes as side effect. Adriamycin 60 mg, Stronger
      neo-minophagen C 20 ml and saline 20 ml instill together to 24 cases once
      everyday for 10-44 days. Drop-out cases by chemical-cystitis are only 3. The
      detailed results will be reported elsewhere.

PMID- 4057578
TI  - [Suppression of CDDP-induced renal toxicity by sodium selenite].
AB  - CDDP is a strong anti-cancer agent, but impairs renal function. Since the
      selenium has been known to reduce the renal toxicity of mercury, the effect of
      selenium on the adverse action of CDDP was examined in mice. Remarkable
      protective action of sodium selenite was demonstrated against lethal and renal
      toxicity of CDDP. Furthermore, addition of selenite did not impair the anti
      cancer action of CDDP. Morphological diminution of renal damage by selenite was
      evident by light and electron microscopic study. The results suggest that
      selenite decreases renal toxicity of CDDP without impairing its anti-tumor
      action.

PMID- 4057579
TI  - [Assays for erythropoietin].

PMID- 4057580
TI  - [Purification of erythropoietin].

PMID- 4057581
TI  - [Anemia of chronic renal failure: erythropoiesis and serum inhibitor(s) of
      erythroid progenitor cells in uremia].

PMID- 4057582
TI  - [Erythropoietin responsiveness of erythroid progenitor cells--with special
      reference to the altered erythropoietin responsiveness of erythroid progenitors
      in polycythemia vera].

PMID- 4057583
TI  - [Erythropoietin-producing tumors].

PMID- 4057584
TI  - [Patterns of relapse in stages I, II non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

PMID- 4057585
TI  - [Effects of danazol on idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura].

PMID- 4057586
TI  - [Surface marker analysis with monoclonal antibodies in acute non-lymphocytic
      leukemia in childhood. Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study group].

PMID- 4057587
TI  - [Plasmapheresis for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. A case report].

PMID- 4057588
TI  - [Dysfibrinogenemia and nephrotic syndrome: a case report].

PMID- 4057589
TI  - [A case of Sweet's disease associated with myelodysplastic syndrome].

PMID- 4057590
TI  - [Home therapy of hemophilia].

PMID- 4057591
TI  - [Pathology and treatment of shock and DIC which complicate endoscopic
      embolization of esophageal varices with thrombin].

PMID- 4057592
TI  - [A case of hypereosinophilic syndrome associated with optic nerve atrophy and
      other variegated signs during the course of bronchial asthma].

PMID- 4057593
TI  - [A case of platelet releasing disorder with impaired arachidonate liberation with
      coexisting membrane complex].

PMID- 4057594
TI  - [A case of paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria with thrombocytopenia (Evans'
      syndrome), and without anti-P specificity of biphasic hemolysin].

PMID- 4057595
TI  - [A case of pulmonary nocardiosis in malignant lymphoma under VEMP therapy].

PMID- 4057596
TI  - [Memory--3. Brain injury and memory. a. Clinical studies].

PMID- 4057597
TI  - [Memory--5. Electric shock therapy and memory].

PMID- 4057598
TI  - [Memory--8. Mathematical model of neural pathways and memory].

PMID- 4057599
TI  - [Motor activity--2. Feedback mechanism of motor activity and a model].

PMID- 4057600
TI  - [Motor activity--3. Spinal cord control of the brain].

PMID- 4057601
TI  - [Neuropsychology and Alzheimer's disease--with special reference to aphasia].

PMID- 4057602
TI  - [Pick disease of brain].

PMID- 4057603
TI  - [Vascular dementia--pathology and etiology].

PMID- 4057604
TI  - [The basal ganglia and dementia].

PMID- 4057605
TI  - [Pseudodementia in the aged].

PMID- 4057606
TI  - [Insomnia in the aged].

PMID- 4057608
TI  - [Determination of serum bilirubin].

PMID- 4057607
TI  - [Narcolepsy in the aged].

PMID- 4057609
TI  - [Determination of urinary bilirubin].

PMID- 4057610
TI  - [Significance of measuring unbound bilirubin].

PMID- 4057611
TI  - [Percutaneous determination of bilirubin].

PMID- 4057612
TI  - [Isolation and purification of conjugated bilirubin].

PMID- 4057613
TI  - [Factors influencing the determination of serum bilirubin].

PMID- 4057614
TI  - [Determination of delta bilirubin and its clinical significance].

PMID- 4057615
TI  - [Shunt hyperbilirubinemia--etiology of jaundice].

PMID- 4057616
TI  - [Gilbert's syndrome and incomplete conjugation of bilirubin].

PMID- 4057617
TI  - [Dubin-Johnson syndrome and related diseases].

PMID- 4057618
TI  - [Neonatal jaundice induced by mother's milk].

PMID- 4057619
TI  - [Congenital hemolytic jaundice].

PMID- 4057620
TI  - [Neonatal and infant jaundice associated with congenital metabolic disorders].

PMID- 4057621
TI  - [Neonatal hepatitis].

PMID- 4057622
TI  - [Idiopathic intrahepatic cholestasis in children].

PMID- 4057623
TI  - [Jaundice in pregnancy].

PMID- 4057624
TI  - [Jaundice caused by hepatic cell damage].

PMID- 4057625
TI  - [Intrahepatic cholestasis].

PMID- 4057626
TI  - [Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: management and prognosis].

PMID- 4057627
TI  - [Phototherapy of neonatal jaundice: its indication and prevention of adverse
      effects].

PMID- 4057628
TI  - [Phototherapy of neonatal jaundice: bronze baby syndrome].

PMID- 4057629
TI  - [Blood transfusion for neonatal jaundice].

PMID- 4057630
TI  - [Biliary obstruction in infants and surgical management].

PMID- 4057631
TI  - Advanced neuroblastoma and disseminated intravascular coagulation: report of six
      cases.
AB  - We have experienced 30 patients with neuroblastoma since 1975. Disseminated
      intravascular coagulation (DIC) developed in six of these patients. They were all
      in stage IV, namely disseminated neuroblastoma. These six cases with DIC proved
      that some advanced neuroblastomas have the potential to cause coagulopathy in the
      process of the disease. The plasma concentration of heparin was measured in some
      patients who were treated with heparin. The data revealed that the conventionally
      used intravenous heparin dose is not appropriate in the case of DIC. Effective
      treatment requires monitoring of the plasma concentration of heparin.

PMID- 4057632
TI  - Prognostic factors and therapeutic results in multiple myeloma.
AB  - Prognostic factors in 68 consecutive patients with myeloma treated at the
      National Cancer Center Hospital from 1962 to 1984 were analyzed. Median survival
      time from onset was 100 months for stage I, 72 months for stage II, and 26 months
      for stage III of the Durie and Salmon's clinical staging system. It was 55 months
      in patients with normal renal function and 18 months in those with abnormal renal
      function. All early deaths occurred in patients with stage III disease.
      Hemoglobin level, bone lytic lesions and presence of Bence Jones protein were
      also significant prognostic factors. On the other hand, heavy chain as well as
      light chain subtypes of monoclonal immunoglobulin (M-component) and M-component
      production rate did not influence the survival of myeloma patients. The analysis
      of chemotherapeutic responses and survival curves according to the chemotherapy
      used in this study (alkylating agent vs Vinca-alkaloid plus alkylating agent) did
      not disclose any significant difference between the two groups. The overall
      response rate was 67%. The survival time from the initial chemotherapy of
      responding patients was significantly longer than that of nonresponders.

PMID- 4057634
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of the regulation of growth hormone and prolactin
      secretion].

PMID- 4057633
TI  - Recurrence of thymoma with appearance of myasthenia gravis 18 years after
      surgery: a case report.
AB  - A 59-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of recurrence of thymoma
      with appearance of myasthenia gravis 18 years after excision of an invasive
      thymoma. Recurrence was observed in the anterior mediastinum, right pleura,
      pericardium and left supraclavicular lymph node. Hashimoto's thyroiditis,
      vitiligo vulgaris and leukopenia were also seen. After creation of a pericardial
      window for pericardial effusion, she received vincristine, then carbazilquinone
      intravenously as single chemotherapeutic agents based on the chemosensitivity by
      clonogenic assay of the supraclavicular tumor, but response was not achieved. At
      one and a half years after radiotherapy to the mediastinum, she is now doing well
      without symptoms and is receiving a fairly low dose of anticholinesterase
      medication.

PMID- 4057635
TI  - [Adrenomedullary-sympathetic function].

PMID- 4057636
TI  - [Dopamine, its regulation of hormone secretion and its clinical significance].

PMID- 4057637
TI  - [Measurement and clinical significance of insulin antibody and anti-insulin
      receptor antibody].

PMID- 4057638
TI  - [Gastrin, VIP and other gastrointestinal hormones].

PMID- 4057639
TI  - [Application of recombinant DNA technology to clinical medicine].

PMID- 4057640
TI  - [Adsorption of gliclazide on the collodion membrane in ultrafiltration].

PMID- 4057641
TI  - [Clinico-pathological study of gastro-duodenal ulcers. 2. From the standpoint of
      the distribution of gastrin and secretin cells].

PMID- 4057642
TI  - [Radiological study of intestinal anisakiasis].

PMID- 4057643
TI  - [Computed tomographic evaluation in the staging of gastric carcinoma].

PMID- 4057644
TI  - [Esophageal varices in cirrhotics on dynamic computed tomography].

PMID- 4057645
TI  - [Computed tomography of splenic tumors--comparative study with the angiography].

PMID- 4057646
TI  - [Case of tension pneumomediastinum in the newborn infant].

PMID- 4057647
TI  - [Ectopic thyroid glands in the tongue root].

PMID- 4057648
TI  - [A case of spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula successfully treated with
      irradiation].

PMID- 4057650
TI  - [Two cases of calcification of the cervical ligamentum flavum--the figure of
      early stage on CT scan].

PMID- 4057649
TI  - [Three cases of autonomously functioning thyroid nodules].

PMID- 4057651
TI  - [CT of unilateral hyperlucent lung (Swyer-James syndrome)].

PMID- 4057652
TI  - [Clinical and photobiological characteristics of xeroderma pigmentosum
      complementation group E].

PMID- 4057653
TI  - [Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin].

PMID- 4057654
TI  - [One case of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV].

PMID- 4057655
TI  - [Pathophysiology of the recurrence of duodenal ulcer--quantitative
      ultrastructural analysis of parietal cells after tetragastrin].

PMID- 4057656
TI  - [Pathophysiology of peptic ulcer: changes in serum secretin concentrations and
      the number of secretin cells in the duodenal mucosa].

PMID- 4057657
TI  - [Studies on the hepatocellular injury in an experimentally induced acute hepatic
      failure. II. Changes in spleen cell and peritoneal macrophage functions].

PMID- 4057658
TI  - [The preliminary study on an attempt to remove hepatitis B surface antigen with
      double filtration plasmapheresis].

PMID- 4057659
TI  - [Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis in the colon which seemed to be caused by
      chronic exposure to trichloroethylene--a case report].

PMID- 4057660
TI  - [An autopsy case of primary biliary cirrhosis with giant splenic infarction].

PMID- 4057661
TI  - [An autopsy performed on a pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma patient who received
      total pancreatectomy ten years ago].

PMID- 4057662
TI  - [Epithelial dysplasia of carrageenan-induced colitis in the rabbit colon].

PMID- 4057663
TI  - [In vivo localization of monoclonal antibody A-7 to human colon cancer inoculated
      into nude mice].

PMID- 4057664
TI  - Subchronic and chronic effects of feeding of large amounts of acetaminophen in
      B6C3F1 mice.

PMID- 4057665
TI  - Cytogenetic effects of maternal alcohol uptake on F1 mouse fetuses.

PMID- 4057666
TI  - [The changes in the mechanical properties of rat bones under the low-dose levels
      of cadmium. (III). The bending strength].

PMID- 4057667
TI  - [A study on factors concerned with smoking behavior among pupils of junior high
      school. Part 1. Factors related to the first cigarette and the situation in
      smoking now].

PMID- 4057668
TI  - [H2S generation in the quenching water storage tank for hot ash at a municipal
      waste incineration plant].

PMID- 4057669
TI  - [Nutritional evaluation of blood chemical tests in the screening health
      examination].

PMID- 4057670
TI  - [A study on the patterns of various trace elements in scalp hair of growing
      children and adolescents].

PMID- 4057671
TI  - [Studies on stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) fed on high-fat
      and -cholesterol diets--alterations in lipo- and apo-proteins].

PMID- 4057672
TI  - [Direct determination of lead in blood by flameless atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry].

PMID- 4057673
TI  - Mortality patterns among cleaning workers.
AB  - Death records maintained from 1971 through 1980 by the All-Japan Laundry and Dry
      cleaning Association (AJLDA) as part of a death benefits program were utilized in
      a proportional mortality study. 1,711 death certificates were classified
      according to the B List or the Eighth Revision of the ICD. Data on smoking and
      drinking habits and history of exposure were obtained by questionnaire from the
      families of AJLDA members who died from 1979 through 1981. Expected deaths were
      calculated for five-year age groups by applying the proportional mortality of
      Japanese males and females for 1975 or 1980 to the total number of deaths among
      cleaning workers. Expected deaths over a broader age range were calculated by
      summation. The statistical significance of the difference between observed and
      expected deaths was determined by a Mantel-Haenzel one degree of freedom summary
      chi square. The most significant finding was an excess of deaths from "other
      forms of heart disease" and "other diseases of the liver" among dry cleaning
      workers, regardless of personal habits, with a history of exposure to organic
      solvents.

PMID- 4057674
TI  - [Studies on the occupational maladjustment syndrome (Part 2). In reference to
      relationship between psychophysiological characters and clinical features].
AB  - In a previous report (Natsume et al., Jpn. J. Ind. Health, Vol. 24) on the
      occupational maladjustment syndrome (O.M.A.S.), on the basis of clinical data, we
      classified patients with O.M.A.S. into 5 subcategories; core, drop-out, transient
      reaction, special job maladjustment and other. The core and drop-out types are
      typical of O.M.A.S. In order to test our hypothesis regarding the clinical and
      psychophysiological character of patients with O.M.A.S., 39 subjects (25 core
      type and 14 drop-out type) were studied by polygraphic techniques such as EEG,
      EMG of facial muscles and electrooculogram, and the results were compared with
      those of 16 normal subjects. We were specifically interested in their behavior in
      mental arithmetic and at rest. The results are summarized as follows: At rest,
      less frequent irregular rapid eye movement (especially "r-type") and smaller
      amplitudes of the corrugator supercilii muscle characterized the patients
      compared to the normals. During mental arithmetic these two indicators showed a
      greater tendency to increase in the core type than in the normals, but they
      remained unchanged in the drop-out group. In the core type subjects, the
      increased levels in these indicators persisted briefly after the arithmetic
      sessions. We discuss the relationship between the clinical character of the two
      types and the above results. We consider that the psychophysiological character
      of the two types may play an important role in the pathogenetic mechanism of
      O.M.A.S.

PMID- 4057675
TI  - [Scalp hair as a monitoring sample for non-occupational exposure to environmental
      pollutants].

PMID- 4057676
TI  - [Metabolism and excretion of methylarsonic acid].

PMID- 4057677
TI  - [Allergic symptoms in mushroom workers].

PMID- 4057678
TI  - [Changes in the content and activity of hepatic cytochrome P-450 in rats exposed
      to nitrogen dioxide for 30 days].

PMID- 4057679
TI  - [Two cases of psychogenic fugue observed in computer firms].

PMID- 4057680
TI  - [Detection of the somatically evoked field near the neck using a SQUID].

PMID- 4057681
TI  - [The prediction of the walking period by 2-channel EMG data].

PMID- 4057682
TI  - [Estimation of the mechanism of information processing in the neuron].

PMID- 4057683
TI  - [The management of clinical laboratory data under the hospital information
      network--evaluation of three years' operation].

PMID- 4057684
TI  - [A new evaluation technique of the impedence pneumographic field using the finite
      element method].

PMID- 4057685
TI  - [Exercise myocardial scintigraphy of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy--clinical
      significance of redistribution].

PMID- 4057686
TI  - [The relationship between the character of a regional wall motion abnormality and
      the degree of the myocardial perfusion abnormality of myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4057687
TI  - [Radioimmunodetection using 131I-labeled anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibodies
      for human malignant tumors].

PMID- 4057688
TI  - [Simultaneous radioassay of vitamin B12 and folic acid in the blood].

PMID- 4057689
TI  - A pressor response to vibration in conscious rats.
AB  - Cardiovascular response in an alerted state induced by vibration was studied in
      conscious rats by giving a to-and-fro movement to their cages for 30 sec. Cardiac
      output, superior mesenteric flow, and hindquarter flow were observed with
      chronically implanted electromagnetic flow probes and arterial pressure with an
      indwelling catheter. Arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output and
      hindquarter flow increased and superior mesenteric flow decreased with vibration.
      The increase in heart rate was still present after adrenalectomy, but was
      abolished by beta-adrenoceptor blockade propranolol. The increase in hindquarter
      flow was greatly diminished by propranolol or after adrenalectomy, but was still
      present in adrenalectomized rats after alpha-adrenoceptor blockade phentolamine.
      The decrease in superior mesenteric flow in vibration was abolished by
      phentolamine. It was diminished by adrenalectomy. These findings indicate that
      the cardiovascular response to vibration includes excitation of the cardiac
      sympathetic nerves, adrenomedullary secretion, and excitation of sympathetic
      vasoconstrictor fibers and exercise hyperemia in skeletal muscles.

PMID- 4057690
TI  - Influence of arterial occlusion on hematocrit and plasma protein concentration of
      femoral venous blood in rabbit.
AB  - The changes of venous outflow (Qv), hematocrit (Hct), total plasma protein (Tp),
      electrolytes, crystalloid osmolality, PO2, PCO2, and pH were simultaneously
      measured in hindlimb preparation of anesthetized rabbits during 5 min occlusion
      of the femoral artery and the abdominal aorta and during the reactive hyperemia.
      During the occlusion of the femoral artery, Qv decreased to 66.4% at the end of
      the occlusion. Hct and Tp decreased slightly and then tended to progressively
      increase. PO2 showed an increasing trend following an initial decrease. During
      the occlusion of the aorta, Qv showed a continuous drop to 38.0%, while Hct and
      Tp declined to 95.4 and 93.8%, respectively. Qv, Hct, and Tp showed increase
      after the release of the occlusion of the femoral artery and the aorta.
      Crystalloid osmolality and K+ were observed to rise slightly. From these results
      it was suggested (1) that the increase of Hct and Tp which represents the
      hemoconcentration occurred during the reactive hyperemia and during the occlusion
      of the femoral artery, while the hemodilution occurred during the aortic
      occlusion, and (2) that the gradual increase of Hct and Tp during the occlusion
      of the femoral artery would be caused by the collateral blood flow.

PMID- 4057691
TI  - Neural control of sympathetic nerve response to cardiogenic hypotension in
      anesthetized cat.
AB  - The present study was designed to determine effect of the preganglionic
      splanchnic nerve activity (SNA) on the brief hypotension accompanied with the
      occlusion of left circumflex coronary artery (CxCAO) in chloralose anesthetized
      cats. Following CxCAO in animals with neuraxis intact, no significant alterations
      of SNA occurred despite the significant fall in mean blood pressure (MBP). A
      significant fall in MBP also occurred in vagotomized animals with arterial
      baroreceptors intact, but SNA was significantly augmented from 12.9 +/- 2.7
      impulses/sec before CxCAO to 24.4 +/- 4.3 impulses/sec 60 sec after the
      occlusion. In vagotomized animals, in which their carotid sinuses were isolated
      and perfused with the constant pressure at a level equal to systemic blood
      pressure (112 +/- 6 mmHg) and with higher pressure (167 +/- 7 mmHg), SNA was not
      altered significantly during the hypotension due to CxCAO. When the carotid
      sinuses were perfused with lower pressure (53 +/- 8 mmHg), a significant increase
      in SNA occurred simultaneously with the decrease in MBP after CxCAO. The peak
      decreases in blood pressure during the coronary occlusion were significantly
      greater in the vagotomized group (-46 +/- 5 mmHg) and in the Low-CSP group (-50
      +/- 5 mmHg) than in other groups. Onset of this excitatory efferent sympathetic
      response to the hypotension due to the coronary occlusion in the vagotomized and
      Low-CSP groups was delayed significantly despite a significant fall in arterial
      blood pressure. These results show that vagal afferents from the heart may play a
      role of inhibiting the sympathetic augmentation mediated by arterial
      baroreceptors during cardiogenic hypotension. An excessive activation of cardiac
      receptors with sympathetic afferents may be induced by the profound fall in blood
      pressure, resulting in further impairment of cardiac function due to progressive
      myocardial ischemia under the condition of high sympathetic tone activated by
      baroreceptor reflex.

PMID- 4057692
TI  - Role of gastric acid and bile acids in the pathogenesis of compound 48/80-induced
      gastric lesions in rats.
AB  - We studied the effects of various agents, which influence gastric acidity and
      bile acids, on compound 48/80 (48/80)-induced gastric lesions in rats. 48/80
      Induced gastric lesions were produced by repeated intraperitoneal administration
      of 48/80 at 0.75 mg/kg once daily for 4 days. Test agents were given orally twice
      daily (30 min before and 9 hr after 48/80 administration) for 4 days. AI(OH)3 and
      sucralfate at 2000 mg/kg/day, a weak antacid dose, significantly inhibited (about
      50-60%) the development of 48/80-induced lesions. Propantheline at 60 mg/kg/day
      and omeprazole at 60 or 200 mg/kg/day, which reduced gastric secretion for more
      than 12 hr, also significantly inhibited (about 30-40%) these lesions. Cimetidine
      at 200 mg/kg/day, which reduced gastric secretion for only 5 hr, had little
      effect on the lesion formation. Cholestyramine, which is a potent bile acids
      binding agent, had no effect on 48/80-induced lesions in doses of 600 or 2000
      mg/kg/day. These results suggest that gastric acid, but not bile acids, is partly
      involved in the pathogenesis of 48/80-induced gastric lesions.

PMID- 4057693
TI  - Effect of some smooth muscle stimulants and trypsin on the contraction of vas
      deferens of aging rats.
AB  - Contractions of vas deferentia induced by KCI or field stimulation were not
      different between mature and old rats. The effect of trypsin or BaCl2 but not
      bradykinin or carbachol on contraction induced by field stimulation was
      significantly different between mature and old rats. The increase of twitching
      contractions by trypsin may be due to its effect on presynaptic alpha
      adrenoceptors. Trypsin treatment did not qualitatively alter the responses
      produced by agonists in the vas deferentia of mature and old rats.

PMID- 4057694
TI  - [Acquisition of audio-visual conditional discrimination in pigeons].
AB  - Pigeons were trained on a cross-modal conditional discrimination task in which
      the subjects were required to select visual comparison stimuli depending upon
      auditory conditional stimuli. In simultaneous condition, the auditory conditional
      stimuli were presented until the subjects selected one of the two visual stimuli.
      All subjects attained above 80% correct responses within 21-64 sessions. After
      simultaneous condition, all subjects were trained in 0-1-2- and 3-s delayed
      conditions. They showed above 80%-90% correct responses in zero delayed training.
      In 1-s and 2-s delayed conditions, the percentage of correct responses was not
      significantly different in comparison with 0-s delayed condition. The results
      indicated that pigeons could learn audio-visual cross-modal conditional
      discrimination task both in simultaneous and delayed conditions and had no
      greater difficulty learning them than learning visual (unimodal) conditional
      discrimination.

PMID- 4057695
TI  - [Pulfrich stereoeffect during tracking eye movements].
AB  - An experiment was conducted to compare the magnitudes of the Pulfrich
      stereoeffect under two viewing conditions: fixating a stationary point and
      tracking a moving target. Three different transmittances of ND filters were used
      for each condition. The null method was employed to estimate the magnitude of the
      stereoeffect, in which the apparent depth was "nulled" by adjusting the physical
      depth of the target moving in an elliptical path in the eye-level horizontal
      plane so that no depth was seen. The results obtained from two experienced
      subjects showed that: the stereoeffect increased as the transmittance of the
      filter was decreased, and the stereoeffect was larger in the tracking condition
      than in the fixating condition for all three transmittances of the filters. The
      results were discussed within the context of depth information available for the
      visual system.

PMID- 4057696
TI  - Prediction of lung cancer spread and functional resectability by 133Xe
      radiospirometry.
AB  - Sixty-six patients with primary lung cancer who underwent thoracotomy were
      studied to determine the correlations among 133Xe radiospirometry, surgical
      procedures and histological extension of the lung cancer. Disturbance in the
      regional perfusion (Q per cent) was more prominent than disturbance of the
      regional ventilation (V per cent), as the pathological stage and t factor
      proceeded, while V per cent and Q per cent were disturbed almost equally in
      relation to the pathological n factor. Lobectomy was impossible in patients with
      a Q per cent of less than 33 per cent of the total, but low perfusion did not
      necessarily contraindicate surgery. The predicted postoperative FEV1.0 was
      calculated according to the equation of (1-b/a x (V per cent or Q per cent)) x
      (preoperative FEV1.0), where a and b were the number of subsegments in the lung
      lobes on the involved side and the resected lobe. The predicted and actually
      measured postoperative FEV1.0 showed significant correlations (less than 0.001)
      in both equations. We conclude that Q per cent reflects a complex pattern of lung
      cancer spread more sensitively than does V per cent, and the significance of V
      per cent and Q per cent in terms of prediction of postoperative EFV1.0 seems to
      be equivocal.

PMID- 4057697
TI  - Management of pancreatic pseudocysts in 42 patients with inflammatory or
      traumatic cysts.
AB  - In attempts to determine and appropriate treatment for pancreatic pseudocysts,
      forty-two cases were reviewed. Twenty-three were inflammatory and nineteen were
      traumatic. Elevation of serum amylase levels and white blood cell count occurred
      more frequently in patients with traumatic cysts than in those with inflammatory
      ones. Filling of the pseudocysts occurred in eleven of twelve patients in whom
      endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) had been performed. Spontaneous
      regression of the cysts occurred more frequently in those with traumatic cysts
      (42 per cent) than in those with inflammatory cysts (26 per cent). Excision of
      the cysts were performed in seven of twenty-three patients with inflammatory
      cysts; external drainage in five with inflammatory cysts and in one with
      traumatic cysts; and internal drainage in five with inflammatory cysts and ten
      with traumatic cysts. There was a recurrence of the cysts in two patients, one
      due to multiple stenosis of the pancreatic duct located to the right of the
      resected cysts, and the other was caused by an anastomotic stenosis of the
      cystogastrostomy. One persistent pancreatic fistula following external drainage
      was treated by fistulogastrostomy. We recommend the evaluation of the condition
      of pancreatic duct by ERP for individualizing pancreatic pseudocysts.

PMID- 4057698
TI  - Low T3 syndrome in patients following major surgery.
AB  - Time sequence and specificity of thyroid hormones and biochemical parameters were
      investigated in patients following major surgery. Serum concentration of
      triiodothyronine decreases significantly following operation, with a biphasic
      regression. There is a reciprocal change in serum reverse triiodothyronine
      levels, but serum thyroxine levels show no significant change after operation.
      The significant decrease in serum concentration of alpha-2-macroglobulin and
      antithrombin III during and after surgery is the result of consumption of these
      inhibitors because the reciprocal change in serum concentration of elastase-like
      protease has been recognized. According to the change of curvilinear regression
      of serum triiodothyronine levels, 14 patients were grouped into 3. The patients
      for whom the curvilinear regression resembled a polynomial of degree 3 and 2 had
      a good prognosis, but the remaining 4 with no significant curvilinear regression
      had major complications and 2 died. It is meaningful that the postoperative
      change of triiodothyronine levels relates to the clinical outcome, to some
      degree.

PMID- 4057699
TI  - Flow- and pressure-adapted portal arterialization in dogs.
AB  - The effects of portal arterialization after portacaval shunt were studied in
      dogs. Flow- and pressure-adapted portal arterialization was performed by mounting
      a Teflon cuff on an autogenous vein bypass graft between the hepatic stump of the
      portal vein and the right renal artery. Immediately following operation, the
      total hepatic blood flow and intrahepatic portal venous pressure were within
      normal range. Eight weeks after operation, the intrahepatic portal venous
      pressure remained within the preoperative range, while total hepatic blood flow
      had increased double or triple. However, structural change due to increased flow
      was absent in the liver, even sixteen months after operation. Body weight, liver
      enzyme chemistry, ICG clearance rate, and amino acid metabolism were well
      maintained for the entire period of investigation. These findings suggest that
      sequelae such as hepatic encephalopathy and impaired hepatic metabolism after
      portacaval shunt can be avoided by portal arterialization, in the presence of an
      appropriate flow and pressure.

PMID- 4057700
TI  - Evaluation of aortography in assessing the resectability of retroperitoneal
      neuroblastoma in children.
AB  - To assess the resectability of retroperitoneal neuroblastoma and determine the
      timing of a "second-look" resection of primary tumor on the basis of aortographic
      findings, 32 abdominal aortographies performed on 26 patients with
      retroperitoneal neuroblastoma (22 adrenal, 4 paraspinal) were examined
      retrospectively. Angiographic findings of both displacement of aorta and
      narrowing of aorta indicate the difficulty of complete removal of the
      neuroblastoma. These findings were particularly useful in determining the
      resectability of retroperitoneal neuroblastoma. On the other hand, the absence of
      angiographic findings of both displacement of main vessels (celiac axis, origin
      of superior mesenteric artery, or renal arteries) and stretching of main vessels
      indicate the feasibility of complete removal of retroperitoneal neuroblastoma. On
      the basis of angiographic findings, the decision to resect the retroperitoneal
      neuroblastoma could be made in 6 patients, who underwent the "second-look"
      operation.

PMID- 4057701
TI  - Cytophotometric DNA analysis of rectal mucosa of patients with ulcerative
      colitis.
AB  - Cytophotometric DNA analysis of rectal mucosa was carried out in 11 patients with
      ulcerative colitis, in attempt to determine the proliferative activity of rectal
      mucosa. There was no significant difference in the mean DNA value, modal DNA
      value, total variation of DNA content and population of over 3c cells of rectal
      mucosa between controls and the patients. However, the differential determination
      of the proliferative activity in the upper, middle and lower thirds of the crypt
      disclosed that a population of over 3c cells in the upper and middle thirds of
      the crypt was significantly larger in the patients with longstanding disease than
      in the controls.

PMID- 4057702
TI  - [Clinicopathological studies on interstitial lung disease in polymyositis
      dermatomyositis].

PMID- 4057703
TI  - [Clotting, fibrinolytic and complement activities in pleural fluids in
      carcinomatous and tuberculous pleuritis].

PMID- 4057704
TI  - [Pulmonary tuberculosis in Saitama Cancer Center Hospital; a review of 109
      cases].

PMID- 4057705
TI  - [The effects of dilazep dihydrochloride and vitamin E on P50 in patients with
      chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

PMID- 4057706
TI  - [Two adult cases of pulmonary congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation].

PMID- 4057707
TI  - [Clinical and pathological findings of recurrent, unresolving pneumonia in an
      elderly patient].

PMID- 4057708
TI  - [An autopsy case of paraquat poisoning--correlation of paraquat toxicity with
      tissue concentration].

PMID- 4057709
TI  - [A case of pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma with multiple cavitating nodular
      shadows].

PMID- 4057710
TI  - [Effects of cisapride on the motility of the digestive tract in dogs and guinea
      pigs].
AB  - Effects of cisapride on the motility of the digestive tract in vivo in dogs and
      the guinea-pig intestine in vitro were studied. Cisapride (0.05-2.0 mg/kg, i.v.)
      produced an increase in amplitude of spontaneous contractions and basal tone in
      the stomach, duodenum, jejunum and proximal and distal colon in dogs. In some
      animals, however, it induced an inhibition with decrease in amplitude and tone.
      It also induced an increase in amplitude of contractions in the gallbladder and
      the sphincter of Oddi in dogs. The tone of the gallbladder was elevated by the
      same dose of cisapride, but the tone of the sphincter of Oddi was decreased. The
      drug produced a reverse response in some animals. These excitatory responses to
      cisapride were abolished by atropine (0.2 mg/kg, i.v.). Motility of the guinea
      pig isolated ileum and colon was enhanced with an increase in their amplitude of
      contractions and basal tone at low concentrations of cisapride (10(-9)-10(-6)M)
      but it was inhibited at higher concentrations (10(-5)-10(-4)M). Atropine
      abolished the excitatory response of the ileum to cisapride in all cases. It
      abolished the excitation of the colon in some preparations but reduced only in
      some degree in the other. The inhibitory effect of cisapride on isolated
      preparations was unaffected by tetrodotoxin. From these results, it is concluded
      that cisapride enhances motility of the gastrointestinal tract and biliary tract
      by acting on myenteric cholinergic neurons and inhibits it by acting on the
      smooth muscle itself.

PMID- 4057711
TI  - Contractions of the stomach and duodenum induced by trimebutine in conscious
      fasted dogs.
AB  - Effect of trimebutine on the gastroduodenal motility was studied in conscious
      fasted dog with chronic implantation of electrodes and force transducers. During
      motor quiescence, trimebutine at 1.0-2.0 mg/kg i.v. produced action potentials
      and contractions similar to those developed during phase III (the period of
      intense action potential and contractile activity), which has been known to be
      physiologically important. Metoclopramide (1.0-2.0 mg/kg i.v.) induced
      contractile activity different from that during phase III, and hyoscine-N
      butylbromide (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) produced no action potentials and contractions.

PMID- 4057712
TI  - [Experimental research on the interdigestive migrating electric complex after
      transection and anastomosis of the small intestine].
AB  - To study the motility functions after transection and anastomosis of the
      intestinal tract, the interdigestive action potential was induced experimentally
      and observed in the small intestines of conscious fasted dogs. When the
      intestinal tract was transected, the frequency gradient of the basic electric
      rhythm was disturbed even in cases of subsequent anastomosis. Differences arose
      in the frequency as upper and lower part of anastomosis, and it did not return to
      normal. The spike potential which appeared with the building up of the basic
      electric rhythm was propagated to the distal intestine in a normal course after
      transection of the intestinal tract according to observations centered on
      propagation of the IMEC. The propagation velocity of the IMEC gradually drops
      from the proximal jejunum toward the terminal ileum in the nonmanipulated
      intestine, while in the intestine undergoing transection and anastomosis, the
      velocity of propagation was reduced by half in the area of anastomosis, and
      tended to be even lower in cases of a double section and two anastomoses of the
      distal intestine. However, the total elapsed time in the small intestine was not
      extended by much. A new electric complex appeared from the stump of the distal
      intestine when the intestine was subjected to transection, and a stimulation
      which is involved in the appearance of the spike potential was formed.

PMID- 4057713
TI  - Contraction of smooth muscle in Ca-free solution.
AB  - The tonic contractions which are extremely resistant to removal of the external
      Ca were investigated in the rat vas deferens and myometrium. Both the
      noradrenaline response in the vas deferens and the oxytocin response in the
      myometrium could be repeatedly produced without appreciable diminution in Ca-free
      solution for more than 24 hrs. On the other hand, the tissue Ca content decreased
      exponentially after Ca-removal with a half time of 130-180 min. When Ca was
      readmitted, no indication of the early transient contraction was observed in the
      subsequent response in Ca-free solution, but the response was reduced compared
      with the response before Ca readmission. Verapamil suppressed the response in the
      presence of Ca, while it had very weak inhibitory effect even at 10 microM.
      Calmodulin antagonists of phenothiazine derivatives had a strong inhibitory
      effect on Ca-induced contractions, whereas they had very weak effects on the
      receptor-mediated contraction in Ca-free solution. Another calmodulin antagonist,
      W-7 suppressed both Ca-induced contraction and the contractions independent of
      external Ca. HA-1004, a vasodilator which has a structure similar to W-7, reduced
      the receptor-mediated contraction in Ca-free solution without much effect on Ca
      induced contractions. These results may suggest that the receptor-mediated
      contractions resistant to Ca-removal are caused by some process without a
      contribution of the Ca-calmodulin system.

PMID- 4057714
TI  - [Spontaneous contractions and the visco-elastic properties of the isolated guinea
      pig gall-bladder].
AB  - The isolated guinea-pig gall-bladder showed the spontaneous changes in luminal
      pressure at the rate of 7-12/min at 38 degrees C. These spontaneous contractions
      were increased in rates as the increase in luminal volume. On the other hand,
      they were reduced in rates and in amplitudes by lowering the temperatures.
      Decrease in [Ca2+]o from 2.4 mM to 0.8 mM depressed or even abolished the
      spontaneous contractions, whereas increase in [Ca2+]o from 2.4 mM to 7.2 mM
      produced slow pressure rise accompanied with small pressure fluctuations,
      suggesting that [Ca2+]i was increased as the results of facilitation of Na-Ca
      exchange mechanism. The pressure-volume relation measured during the first
      inflation was steeper than that during the following deflation; namely, the gall
      bladder showed plasticity. The visco-elastic property was investigated by
      recording the time course of the pressure change, stress relaxation, following
      the sudden increase in volume. Thus, the tissue visco-elasticity was divided into
      three components; the instantaneous elastic component and two viscoelastic
      components that had the time constants of 4-12 sec and of 5-10 min.

PMID- 4057715
TI  - [Sensitivity tests of anti-cancer drugs with human tumor stem cell assay. 2. The
      results in renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma].

PMID- 4057717
TI  - [Sphincter action of the calyceal-pelvic junction and calyceal pacemaker activity
      in human renal pelvis].

PMID- 4057716
TI  - [Vesicoureteral reflux and renal atrophy in spinal cord injury patients].

PMID- 4057718
TI  - [Factors influencing the survival of patients with infiltrating carcinoma of the
      bladder].

PMID- 4057719
TI  - [A case of bilateral renal artery aneurysm complaining microscopic hematuria.
      Analysis of 171 cases of renal artery aneurysm in the Japanese literature].

PMID- 4057720
TI  - [A case of interstitial cystitis complicated with ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 4057721
TI  - [A kindred of familial pheochromocytoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma].

PMID- 4057722
TI  - Tracheal carcinoma.

PMID- 4057723
TI  - [Follow-up study of patients with tuberculosis staying at hospitals for more than
      five years in the survey of 1975. (Part 1). Results of the survey in 1981, with
      special reference to dead and discharged patients. The Tuberculosis Research
      Committee, RYOKEN].

PMID- 4057724
TI  - [The primary lung cancer cases who had been treated as pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 4057725
TI  - [A case diagnosed as tuberculous pleurisy and peritonitis by peritoneal biopsy].

PMID- 4057726
TI  - [Dynamics of organ blood supply in patients with mitral stenosis following
      surgery].

PMID- 4057727
TI  - [Change in the alpha-tocopherol content of blood plasma and erythrocyte membranes
      in patients with myocardial infarct in the acute period].

PMID- 4057728
TI  - [Hemodynamic effect of a mitral valve prosthesis].
AB  - Hemodynamic findings are analysed in 113 patients with different types of mitral
      prosthesis. Catheterization of the heart was carried out before the operation and
      during the late post-operative period. The gradient through the prosthesis was
      estimated for patients with different types of mitral valve prosthesis during the
      operation. According to our data, the tilting-disc valve prosthesis MKC-59 and
      the ball valve prosthesis MKC-25 are associated with the best gradients. Mitral
      prosthesis improves hemodynamic activity, but does not normalize it. The heart
      index remains lowered, while the pressure inside the pulmonary capillaries and
      pulmonary artery remains elevated, as compared to normal levels. Signs of mitral
      stenosis become more apparent during exercise.

PMID- 4057729
TI  - [Effectiveness of pyromecaine in cardiac rhythm disorders (intravenous
      administration schedules)].

PMID- 4057730
TI  - [Variability of the course of neurocirculatory dystonia].

PMID- 4057731
TI  - [Agranulocytosis as an adverse effect of intercordin].

PMID- 4057732
TI  - [Late results of mitral recommissurotomy].
AB  - Late results of 394 operations for mitral restenosis (or 90.6% of discharged
      cases) were reviewed, the average duration of follow-up being 5.6 +/- 0.6 years.
      Late results were good in 41.9%, satisfactory in 27.2% and poor in 19.5% of the
      patients. Long-term mortality was 11.4%. Moderate valvular regurgitation did not
      significantly affect the outcome of surgery. Long-term outcomes were shown to
      deteriorate progressively with the increment of valvular calcinosis. The
      comparative actuarial analysis in long-term outcomes of mitral commissurotomies
      and recommissurotomies showed no significant variations. It is emphasized that
      mitral recommissurotomy is a promising approach to surgical treatment of mitral
      restenosis.

PMID- 4057733
TI  - [Pulmonary circulation hemodynamics in patients with post-infarct left
      ventricular aneurysm].
AB  - The catheterization of right and left compartments of the heart and
      cinecoronaroventriculography were carried out in 92 patients with chronic post
      infarction left-ventricular aneurysm. Fifty-four patients (group 1) showed no
      clinical signs of heart failure or just a first-stage failure, and 38 patients
      (group 2) had heart failure at stages IIA and IIB. Highly significant intergroup
      differences were demonstrated between pressure values in the pulmonary artery
      (28.7 +/- 1.3 and 48.0 +/- 3.6 mm Hg in groups 1 and 2, respectively), pulmonary
      capillaries (13.5 +/- 0.7 and 21.4 +/- 2.0 mm Hg), the right atrium (7.1 +/- 0.4
      and 9.7 +/- 0.7 mm Hg) as well as right-ventricular end diastolic pressure (6.6
      +/- 0.5 and 10.6 +/- 1.0 mm Hg). It is suggested that pulmonary circulation
      adequately reflects the clinical stage of chronic heart failure in patients with
      post-infarction left-ventricular aneurysm. Impaired blood outflow from pulmonary
      veins due to reduced ventricular pump function and inadequate elasticity of the
      ventricular wall is the primary link in the pathogeny of pulmonary hypertension
      in patients with left-ventricular aneurysm.

PMID- 4057734
TI  - [Diagnosis of aortic valve calcinosis with a view to the surgical treatment of
      aortic valve disease].
AB  - Combined roentgenologic/echocardiographic diagnosis of aortic valve calcinosis
      was made in 135 patients operated on for a rheumatic aortic heart disease. Four
      degrees of aortic valve calcinosis were identified: 1) isolated fine points of
      calcinosis, as revealed by echolocation and specific treatment of the removed
      valves; 2) small-focal calcinosis as revealed roentgenologically in 79.2% of
      cases and by echolocation, in 93%; 3) large-focal, and 4) wide-spread calcinosis,
      the latter two being detectable both roentgenologically and echocardiographically
      in all cases. The 4-degree classification of aortic valvular lesions allows a
      detailed assessment of the nature of the affection that is important for the
      choice of surgical procedure.

PMID- 4057735
TI  - [Effect of heart valve prostheses on hemolytic processes in patients with
      acquired heart diseases].
AB  - Parameters of intravascular hemolysis (erythrocyte count, hemoglobin
      concentration and circulating blood volume, acid erythrograms, plasma free
      hemoglobin and haptoglobin levels) were examined in 44 patients with acquired
      heart diseases controlled with the aid of bioprostheses. As shown by 2 years'
      follow-up, successfully implanted mitral and aortal bioprostheses did not
      significantly affect the activity of intravascular hemolysis. Yet developing
      stenosis and incompetence of the bioprostheses may be accompanied with a
      significant intravascular hemolysis.

PMID- 4057736
TI  - [Dynamics of the functional state of the oxygen transport system following
      surgical correction of mitral valve stenosis].
AB  - Twenty-one male and 32 female patients were examined, using spiroergometry with
      simultaneous measurement of maximum oxygen consumption, in a study of natural
      adaptation after surgical correction of mitral stenosis. It was demonstrated that
      the transformation in the oxygen transport system after closed mitral
      commissurotomy continued throughout the first post-operative year and resulted in
      considerably improved physical working capacity; two phases can apparently be
      distinguished here: during the first phase, working capacity mostly expands at
      the expense of improved pump function of the heart, and in the second phase, due
      to better peripheral circulation in working muscles.

PMID- 4057737
TI  - [Correction of tricuspid valve atresia using direct right atrium to right
      ventricle and right atrium to pulmonary artery anastomoses].
AB  - Some aspects of the surgical control of tricuspid valve atresia by means of
      establishing direct communication between the right atrium and the right
      ventricle or the right atrium and the pulmonary artery are discussed. Six
      operations have been performed: atrioventricular anastomoses in 3 cases and atrio
      pulmonary anastomoses in the other 3, with the pulmonary trunk being joined to
      the right atrium sparing the pulmonary-arterial valves in one of the latter
      cases. One patient with a complex of congenital valvular defects died
      postoperatively from acute heart failure, which may have developed as a result of
      the newly-established anastomosis being compressed by the breast bone. In the
      rest, surgical results were quite satisfactory.

PMID- 4057738
TI  - [Analysis of hospital mortality of patients with congenital heart defects in the
      1st year of life].
AB  - Causes of mortality were analysed in a group of 122 patients with congenital
      heart disease in their first year of life following conservative management,
      closed surgery and operations under assisted circulation. Fatal outcomes were
      predetermined by a severe congenital defect in 18.2% of the patients, while in
      the remaining cases they could basically have been prevented by means of a timely
      primary diagnosis and referral to a specialized clinical institution, accurate
      topical diagnosis, correct assessment of the severity of the patients' condition
      and improved post-operative intensive care.

PMID- 4057739
TI  - [Mechanisms of mineralization of aortic xenograft bioprostheses in young
      patients].
AB  - The results of mitral valve replacement with aortic xenobioprostheses in 15
      patients, aged 14 to 20 years, are presented, the follow-up reaching 7 years. The
      bioprostheses functioned normally 1.5-2 months after the operation. Within three
      months to 5 years following the operation, 6 patients developed a bioprosthetic
      dysfunction that caused death in 4. Histologic and ultrastructural examination
      revealed signs of tissue destruction and calcinosis that were confirmed by
      roentgenologic and biochemical findings. The pathogenesis of calcification and
      tissue destruction of xenobioprostheses is discussed.

PMID- 4057740
TI  - [Natural course of Ebstein's anomaly].
AB  - The natural course of Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve was studied in 42
      conservative patients, their age ranging from 1 day to 38 years at 1st
      examination (12.3 +/- 1.5 years). Twenty-seven of 42 patients reported for a
      follow-up check after 3 to 21 years, while the remaining 15 had died as a natural
      outcome of the defect, heart failure and rhythm disorders being the most common
      causes of death. The 27 survivors had reached the age of 7-54 years (33.8 +/- 4.2
      years), all of them showing a deterioration of the condition and progressing
      cardiomegaly.

PMID- 4057741
TI  - [Histochemical and ultrastructural evaluation of myocardial protection during
      correction of congenital heart defects with cardioplegia].
AB  - A combined stepwise light- and electron-microscopic examination of myocardial
      incision biopsies was carried out in 129 children with congenital valvular
      defects that were corrected under hypothermal extracorporeal circulation making
      use of cold or combined drug cardioplegia. Changes in the myocardium were
      suggestive of its original weakness. Structural changes were small-focal and
      reversible. Drug cardioplegia allowed to switch off the heart for longer periods
      (115 min) of time, yet the maintenance of a stable temperature regimen should be
      regarded as the key factor of successful cardioplegia.

PMID- 4057742
TI  - [Hemodynamic mechanisms of the functioning of axillofemoral shunts].
AB  - Central and regional hemodynamic parameters were investigated in experimental
      models of axillofemoral shunts, using electromagnetic flowmetry and
      electromanometry. Shunt function was shown to be based exclusively on the
      regional hemodynamic mechanism where blood is "borrowed" from brachycephalic
      branches of the arch of the aorta. Conditions were identified that contributed to
      the "stealing" phenomenon in the presence of axillofemoral shunting.

PMID- 4057743
TI  - [Reconstructive restorative operations in the treatment of obliterating diseases
      of the arteries of the lower extremities].
AB  - A total of 184 reconstructive operations were performed for the femoro-popliteal
      arterial occlusion. Prior to the operation, the lower epigastric vessels or deep
      vessels around the iliac bone were catheterized for the purposes of
      arteriography, intra-aortal infusion therapy, investigation and control of
      regional hemorheologic and hemocoagulation parameters. Following 117 operations
      of autovenous shunting, arterial flow was recovered in 104 cases, with
      reocclusion developing subsequently in 25 patients. Fifty-five endarterectomies
      were performed, mostly using the open technique without "patching" for a less
      than 10 cm-long occlusion. Thrombosis was recorded in 1 patient. Ten patients
      developed a reocclusion at different times after the discharge from hospital.
      Autovenous prostheses were applied to 7 patients who showed a stable recovery of
      the main-line flow.

PMID- 4057744
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of tricuspid valve insufficiency].
AB  - Twenty-nine patients were investigated in order to assess diagnostic
      possibilities of ultrasonic investigation with regard to tricuspid incompetence.
      Three highly specific and fairly sensitive criteria of trans-tricuspid
      regurgitation were identified in addition to a series of indirect echographic
      signs of tricuspid incompetence. Ultrasonic investigations of the heart, such as
      one- and two-dimensional and, particularly, contrast echocardiography, are fairly
      reliable instruments of the preoperative diagnosis of tricuspid incompetence.

PMID- 4057745
TI  - [Synergism of the anti-angina effect of obzidan and finoptin in patients with
      effort stenocardia].
AB  - The effect of propranolol-finoptin combinations was examined in 27 patients with
      angina of effort. Repeated exercise testing showed this combination to provide an
      essential antianginal effect that exceeded a mere sum of individual effects of
      each of the two drugs taken alone in the same doses. The high anti-anginal effect
      of the combination is suggestive of a synergy in their antianginal action
      resulting in a further reduction of myocardial oxygen requirement. Side effects
      necessitating discontinuation of the drugs were only recorded during the early
      days of the treatment; therefore, patients should be adequately monitored during
      the first days of the regular use of this combination.

PMID- 4057746
TI  - [Effect of a single dose of anaprilin and corinfar on the results of the bicycle
      ergometric test in patients with stenocardia].
AB  - Bicycle ergometry was conducted in conjunction with the consecutive
      administration of the placebo, 80 mg anaprylin, 30 mg corinfar, and 80 mg
      anaprylin + 30 mg corinfar in patients with 2nd--4th class angina of effort. Both
      anaprylin and corinfar significantly raised patients' physical stress tolerance,
      increased the total amount of work done, and reduced the magnitude of St
      depression during exercise. Combined use of anaprylin and corinfar produced the
      greatest rise in physical stress tolerance in more favorable hemodynamic
      conditions. Bicycle ergometry in conjunction with anaprylin and corinfar can
      supply additional functional information on angina pectoris and its pathogenetic
      mechanisms.

PMID- 4057747
TI  - [Effect of verapamil and nifedipine on the fractional composition of calcium in
      the blood serum].
AB  - A single administration of verapamil (5 mg infused intravenously) and nifedipin
      (20 mg sublingually) in 31 patients with chronic cardiac failure of stage I and
      IIA decreased the levels of ionizing calcium (Ca2+) in the blood serum (the
      maximum reduction averaged 19.8% and 16.8%, respectively). The total
      concentration of calcium (Ca0) in the blood serum did not alter, so the degree of
      ionization of the serum calcium (Ca2+/Ca0) decreased. This effect was felt 5 min
      after verapamil administration and 15 min after nifedipin administration,
      generally reaching the peak in 30 min and somewhat subsiding in 60 min. The
      nature and time-course of changes of Ca0 and Ca2+ in the blood serum following
      the drug administration suggest that they are induced by a transient increase in
      the Ca-binding capacity of the serum buffers, i. e. they are realized on the
      physicochemical level. This effect shows no tendency to cumulate following a
      prolonged (1.3-15 months) administration of the above drugs. The coefficients of
      the paired correlation between the shifts in the Ca2+ content on the one hand and
      hemodynamic parameters on the other indicate no significant correlation between
      them. However, the author believes that the consistent decrease in the Ca2+
      concentration in the blood serum is involved in the pharmacodynamics of verapamil
      and nifedipin.

PMID- 4057748
TI  - [Physical training of patients with class IV ischemic heart disease].
AB  - The effect of moderate physical training on the time-course of the oxygen
      consumption, the tolerance to exercise and the oxygen regimen of the skin was
      studied in 39 patients with coronary heart disease of functional class IV. The
      physical training led to a more pronounced decrease in the frequency of anginal
      attacks, an increase in tolerance to exercise by 51.7% and an improvement of a
      number of spiroergometric parameters.

PMID- 4057749
TI  - [Thyroid hormone content of the blood plasma and functional state of the
      myocardium in patients with chronic forms of ischemic heart disease].
AB  - Sixty-seven patients with angiographically-confirmed coronary heart disease (CHD)
      were investigated. Three patterns of thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) response to
      exercise were identified: rising, falling and unchanged levels. Coronary patients
      with rising T3 levels in response to exercise typically showed smaller left
      ventricular ejection values as compared to those patients whose T3 levels
      declined. Coronary patients with low baseline T3 tended to have elevated left
      ventricular end diastolic pressure after exercise. The demonstrated changes in
      plasma thyroid hormone levels are related to the severity of coronary disease and
      can be "protective" or, on the contrary, aggravating. Because of smaller biologic
      activity, T4 does not basically affect clinical manifestations of CHD.

PMID- 4057750
TI  - [Acute poisoning caused by drugs in childhood. I].

PMID- 4057751
TI  - [Comparative motoscopic-neurological and motometric studies of children with
      infantile brain damage and 6-7-year-old boys and girls who had been classified as
      children at risk].

PMID- 4057752
TI  - [Case report on genetic infantile cerebral palsy].

PMID- 4057753
TI  - [Morbidity of children reared in day nurseries and at home (prospective analysis
      of about 200 children during the period of a year)].

PMID- 4057754
TI  - [Glycoside therapy--indications and dosage in childhood].

PMID- 4057755
TI  - [Acute poisoning with drugs in childhood. II].

PMID- 4057756
TI  - [Acute respiratory diseases in childhood--recommendations for ambulatory therapy
      of acute respiratory diseases and their complications].

PMID- 4057757
TI  - [Acute respiratory diseases in childhood--considerations for ambulatory
      diagnosis].

PMID- 4057758
TI  - [Basic principles of infant nutrition].

PMID- 4057759
TI  - [Infant nutrition in America].

PMID- 4057760
TI  - [Differential diagnostic demarcation of adrenal gland tumors from other disorders
      of adrenal function by endocrine function tests].

PMID- 4057761
TI  - [Experiences in the collection of preservation of human milk].

PMID- 4057762
TI  - [Quantitative determination of C-reactive protein in meningitis in childhood].

PMID- 4057763
TI  - [Neonatal leukocytosis caused by corticoid administration].

PMID- 4057764
TI  - [Membrane stability of thrombocytes in newborn infants].

PMID- 4057765
TI  - [Results of selective proximal vagotomy in the surgical treatment of
      pyloroduodenal ulcers].

PMID- 4057766
TI  - [Regional blood flow in the gastric and duodenal mucosa of duodenal ulcer
      patients before and after selective proximal and truncal vagotomies].

PMID- 4057767
TI  - [Truncal vagotomy and gastric antrum function in duodenal ulcer patients].

PMID- 4057768
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the immunological reactivity of gastric peptic ulcer
      patients in the immediate period following surgical interventions ].

PMID- 4057769
TI  - [Effect of selective proximal vagotomy on the amino acid composition of the blood
      serum in duodenal ulcer patients].

PMID- 4057770
TI  - [Use of the helium-neon laser in the combined treatment of duodenal peptic
      ulcer].

PMID- 4057771
TI  - [Clinico-morphological aspects of the endoscopic laser therapy of stomach
      ulcers].

PMID- 4057772
TI  - [Changes in the pulmonary blood flow of patients with respiratory complications
      after the surgical treatment of gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer].

PMID- 4057773
TI  - [Reasons for fatal outcomes in the early period after stomach operations].

PMID- 4057774
TI  - [Effect of a Billroth I gastric resection on the lymphatic system of the small
      intestine].

PMID- 4057775
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the completeness of vagal denervation of the gastric
      stump at different levels of resection].

PMID- 4057776
TI  - [Surgical procedure in performing a selective proximal vagotomy on patients with
      pyloroduodenal stenosis].

PMID- 4057777
TI  - [Choice of the type of pyloroplasty in peptic stenosis of the pylorus].

PMID- 4057778
TI  - [Surgical treatment of peptic stenosis of the pylorus in elderly patients].

PMID- 4057779
TI  - [Use of organ-conserving operations in chronic duodenal ulcer patients with low
      acid-forming function of the stomach].

PMID- 4057780
TI  - [Immunological basis for vagotomy without drainage of the stomach].

PMID- 4057782
TI  - [Endoscopic diagnosis of cardial insufficiency in patients with gastrointestinal
      hemorrhages of peptic etiology].

PMID- 4057781
TI  - [Immediate and late results of truncal vagotomy with drainage operations on the
      stomach in the surgery of complicated forms of duodenal peptic ulcer].

PMID- 4057783
TI  - [Use of prolonged peridural anesthesia for preventing postvagotomy
      complications].

PMID- 4057784
TI  - [Surgical procedure in peptic ulcer complicated by hemorrhage combined with
      perforation].

PMID- 4057785
TI  - [Criteria for choosing the procedure for the surgical treatment of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 4057786
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment procedure in acute surgical diseases].

PMID- 4057787
TI  - [Patient rehabilitation after gastric resection and vagotomy].

PMID- 4057788
TI  - [Rare complication of vagotomy].

PMID- 4057789
TI  - [Peritonitis as a complication of the surgical treatment of gastric peptic
      ulcer].

PMID- 4057790
TI  - [Sequelae of vagotomy in treating peptic ulcer].

PMID- 4057791
TI  - [Errors in performing operations on the stomach and intestines].

PMID- 4057792
TI  - [Mucosal function of the upper digestive tract in duodenal peptic ulcer patients
      after selective proximal vagotomy].

PMID- 4057793
TI  - [Disorders of gastric motor and evacuatory functions after organ-conserving
      operations for peptic ulcer].

PMID- 4057794
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of surgical treatment methods in gastric and duodenal
      peptic ulcer complicated by perforation and hemorrhage].

PMID- 4057795
TI  - [Favorable outcome of several operations in a patient with profuse gastroduodenal
      hemorrhage].

PMID- 4057796
TI  - [Microcirculatory disorders of the gastric and duodenal mucosa in patients with
      acute peptic duodenal hemorrhage].

PMID- 4057797
TI  - [Duodenal ulcer perforation in connection with an x-ray study].

PMID- 4057798
TI  - [Hidden perforation of a bleeding pyloroduodenal ulcer combined with a 2d ulcer
      perforating into the gallbladder].

PMID- 4057799
TI  - [Gastric stress ulcer occurring after truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty].

PMID- 4057800
TI  - [Menetrier's disease combined with other stomach diseases].

PMID- 4057801
TI  - [Late surgical result in congenital pyloric stenosis].

PMID- 4057802
TI  - [Effect of vagotomy on the paracrine mechanisms of stomach acid production].

PMID- 4057803
TI  - [Surgical treatment of cicatricial strictures of the bile ducts].

PMID- 4057804
TI  - [Surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis].

PMID- 4057805
TI  - [Acute cholecystitis in patients over 70].

PMID- 4057806
TI  - [Characteristics of acute cholecystitis in opisthorchiasis].

PMID- 4057807
TI  - [Mechanisms of functional disorders of the liver and their correction in the
      surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis patients].

PMID- 4057808
TI  - [Circulating immune complexes in the blood serum of patients with liver and
      biliary tract pathology manifesting as a jaundice syndrome].

PMID- 4057809
TI  - [Transcutaneous transhepatic dilatation and electroexcision as methods for
      treating bile duct strictures].

PMID- 4057810
TI  - [Surgical treatment aspects and the immediate results of the incorrectable type
      of extrahepatic bile duct atresia].

PMID- 4057811
TI  - [Surgical treatment of internal biliary fistulae].

PMID- 4057812
TI  - [Surgical procedure in acute perforating cholecystitis].

PMID- 4057813
TI  - [Differential preoperative preparation of cholecystitis patients with concomitant
      ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 4057814
TI  - [Complex chromatic fractional duodenal intubation with cholecystography in the
      diagnosis of biliary tract diseases].

PMID- 4057815
TI  - [Integral diagnosis of liver function].

PMID- 4057816
TI  - [Clinico-experimental basis for splenectomy in treating chronic liver diseases].

PMID- 4057817
TI  - [Transpapillary choledochoduodenostomy in pathology of the distal portion of the
      common bile duct and major duodenal papilla].

PMID- 4057818
TI  - [Autotransplantation of splenic tissue following splenectomy].

PMID- 4057819
TI  - [Surgical treatment of liver injuries].

PMID- 4057820
TI  - [The obligation of x-ray control for the complete removal of calculi during
      surgery].

PMID- 4057821
TI  - [Atypical location of the gallbladder simulating a tumor].

PMID- 4057822
TI  - [Congenital cysts of the common bile duct].

PMID- 4057823
TI  - [Plastic repair of the hepatic portal elements in the surgical treatment of a
      giant cyst].

PMID- 4057824
TI  - [Bile duct fistula into the colon].

PMID- 4057825
TI  - [Porcelain gallbladder].

PMID- 4057826
TI  - [Combined cholelithiasis and stomach carcinoid].

PMID- 4057827
TI  - [Dynamics of the bilirubin level of the blood in cholelithiasis patients after
      hemosorption].

PMID- 4057828
TI  - [Obstructive jaundice due to penetration and rupture of echinococcal cysts into
      the bile ducts].

PMID- 4057829
TI  - [Combined uro- and cholelithiasis and limy bile].

PMID- 4057831
TI  - [Modification of a T-shaped drain for the bile ducts].

PMID- 4057830
TI  - [Enterosorption in the combined treatment of patients with obstructive jaundice
      and cholangitis].

PMID- 4057832
TI  - [Surgical phonocholangiography].

PMID- 4057833
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic punctures of the internal organs controlled by
      computed tomography].

PMID- 4057834
TI  - [Surgical operations on patients with an implanted pacemaker].

PMID- 4057835
TI  - [Extraperitoneal approaches to the pancreas in acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 4057836
TI  - [Transcutaneous hepatocholangiography using a Chiba needle in obstructive
      jaundice].

PMID- 4057837
TI  - [Extensive anaerobic nonclostridial phlegmon as a rare complication following
      cholecystectomy].

PMID- 4057838
TI  - [Intestinal obstruction caused by a gallstone].

PMID- 4057839
TI  - [Calculous cholecystitis in gallbladder duplication].

PMID- 4057840
TI  - [Occlusion of the ductal system in transverse rupture of the pancreas].

PMID- 4057841
TI  - [Choice of the 5-fluorouracil dose in treating acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 4057842
TI  - [Cholecystojejunostomy in the surgery of chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 4057843
TI  - [Hemosorption in the combined treatment of patients with destructive
      pancreatitis].

PMID- 4057844
TI  - [Cryosurgical treatment of chronic painful pancreatitis].

PMID- 4057845
TI  - [Value of transcutaneous transhepatic cholangiography using superthin needles in
      mechanical jaundice].

PMID- 4057846
TI  - [Reconstructive operations in congenital choledochal cysts].

PMID- 4057847
TI  - [Acute intestinal obstruction due to gallstones].

PMID- 4057848
TI  - [Endoscopic suprapapillary choledochoduodenostomy].

PMID- 4057849
TI  - [Surgical treatment of cholecystosis].

PMID- 4057850
TI  - [Changes in the sensitivity of microbes to antibiotics as affected by bile].

PMID- 4057851
TI  - [Diagnosis of destructive cholecystitis].

PMID- 4057852
TI  - [Surgical procedure in treating middle-aged and elderly patients with acute
      cholecystitis].

PMID- 4057853
TI  - [Retrograde pancreatocholangiography in the diagnosis of organic diseases of the
      hepatopancreatoduodenal area].

PMID- 4057854
TI  - [Lymphovenous anastomosis in ascites in patients with portal hypertension].

PMID- 4057855
TI  - [Splenomegaly in Banti's syndrome].

PMID- 4057856
TI  - [Reasons for a reoperation on the mitral valve after its annuloplasty].

PMID- 4057857
TI  - [Acute surgical cholecystitis (acute obstructive cholecystitis)].

PMID- 4057858
TI  - [Treatment of large and recurrent inguinal hernias].

PMID- 4057859
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of complications of acute appendicitis].

PMID- 4057860
TI  - [Auxiliary method of diagnosing acute diseases of the organs of the abdominal
      cavity].

PMID- 4057861
TI  - [Method of treating pyloroduodenal ulcers].

PMID- 4057862
TI  - [Method of surgical treatment of large postoperative and recurrent ventral
      hernias].

PMID- 4057863
TI  - [Plastic repair of the anterior and posterior walls of the inguinal canal in
      inguinal hernias].

PMID- 4057864
TI  - [Improvement in the methodology of intubating the small intestine].

PMID- 4057865
TI  - [Leiomyoplasty in anal sphincter incompetence in children].

PMID- 4057866
TI  - [Successful treatment of the cloacal form of high vaginal atresia of the rectum
      in an adult patient].

PMID- 4057867
TI  - [Laparoscopic cholecystostomy and implantation of a cardiostimulator in the
      preparation of a patient with acute cholecystitis for surgery].

PMID- 4057868
TI  - [Wide resection of the intestine for gangrene].

PMID- 4057869
TI  - [Strangulation of the jejunum in the fossa of Treitz].

PMID- 4057870
TI  - [Chylous peritonitis].

PMID- 4057871
TI  - [Ectopy of the left testis in congenital inguinal hernia on the right].

PMID- 4057872
TI  - [Unusual foreign body of the urinary bladder].

PMID- 4057873
TI  - [Intraoperative diagnosis of choledochal cyst in a patient after surgery for
      blunt trauma to the abdomen].

PMID- 4057874
TI  - [Rupture of a posttraumatic pseudocyst of the spleen during closed trauma to the
      abdomen].

PMID- 4057875
TI  - [Indices and contraindications for surgical treatment of postoperative hernias in
      elderly obese patients].

PMID- 4057876
TI  - [Herniotomy via a preperitoneal approach].

PMID- 4057877
TI  - [Short-term hospital stay after herniotomy].

PMID- 4057878
TI  - [Results of surgical treatment of ventral hernias].

PMID- 4057879
TI  - [Infusion-transfusion therapy after surgery on the abdominal organs in late
      middle-aged and elderly patients].

PMID- 4057880
TI  - [Herniotomy as a cause of infertility in men].

PMID- 4057882
TI  - [Sexual functioning of men after surgical treatment of peptic ulcer of the
      stomach and duodenum].

PMID- 4057881
TI  - [Early colonoscopy after surgery on the colon].

PMID- 4057883
TI  - [Omentitis].

PMID- 4057884
TI  - [Preparation of the large intestine for surgery by the method of lavage of the
      gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 4057885
TI  - [Treatment of acute anal fissures].

PMID- 4057886
TI  - [Repeat surgery after fundoplication by the Nissen method].

PMID- 4057887
TI  - [Treatment of combined neurogenic dysfunction of the urinary bladder and rectum].

PMID- 4057888
TI  - [Removal of foreign bodies from the esophagus and gastrointestinal tract during
      endofibroscopy].

PMID- 4057889
TI  - [Status of the cellular immunity of patients with the generalized form of
      myasthenia at remote periods after thymectomy].

PMID- 4057890
TI  - [CO2 lasers in the treatment of trophic ulcers and long-unhealed wounds].

PMID- 4057891
TI  - [Tactics in acute and chronic appendicitis].

PMID- 4057892
TI  - [Is revision of the fundamental tactical positions in acute appendicitis
      necessary?].

PMID- 4057893
TI  - [Certain erroneous concepts for tactics in acute and chronic appendicitis].

PMID- 4057894
TI  - [Our opinion on tactics in acute and chronic appendicitis].

PMID- 4057895
TI  - [Are unwarranted appendectomies necessary?].

PMID- 4057896
TI  - [Complications of inguinal herniotomy in men].

PMID- 4057897
TI  - [Endolymphatic antibiotic therapy of an appendicular infiltrate].

PMID- 4057898
TI  - [Lavage of the abdominal cavity during the postoperative period in diffuse
      suppurative peritonitis of appendicular origin].

PMID- 4057899
TI  - [Autosomal dominant infantile optic atrophy: ascending or descending
      degeneration?].
AB  - All patients with autosomal dominant infantile optic atrophy had a normal electro
      oculogram (EOG) and a normal luminance electroretinogram (L-ERG). Patients with a
      typical blue sensitivity defect at the time of investigation had a normal pattern
      electroretinogram (P-ERG), while the visually evoked cortical potentials to
      pattern stimuli (P-VECP) showed a delayed latency and a decreased amplitude. Only
      in severe cases of the disease where the blue sensitivity defect was masked by a
      progressive concomitant colour blindness was there a reduced amplitude in the P
      ERG. The P-VECP in these cases was not recordable. The findings suggest that the
      primary process in autosomal dominant infantile optic atrophy is in the optic
      nerve, the inner layers of the retina being affected secondarily.

PMID- 4057900
TI  - [Diabetic lentopathy].
AB  - The authors report on lens opacities in 473 healthy children and in 371 children
      with type I diabetes mellitus. Only 11 percent of the healthy children had lens
      changes, whereas they were found in 65.6 percent of the children with diabetes
      mellitus. A large number of specific lens alterations were observed in the
      diabetic group. Examinations in the children with diabetes mellitus revealed that
      both the quality of metabolism and the duration of the disease influence the
      development of lens opacities, whereas age plays only a small part. On the basis
      of the study reported here a new classification of diabetic lentopathy is
      suggested.

PMID- 4057901
TI  - [Vertical retraction syndrome].
AB  - The authors describe a three-year-old girl with congenital unilateral restriction
      of elevation, associated with retraction of the globe and narrowing of the
      palpebral fissure. The pathogenetic possibilities are discussed; the presence of
      a vertical innervation anomaly, similar to Duane's syndrome, is postulated.

PMID- 4057902
TI  - [Recurrent iritis as the initial symptom in plasmacytoma (IgG type)].
AB  - The author presents a case report on a 47-year-old man with recurrent
      serofibrinous iritis. As a result of intensive investigations an IgG-type myeloma
      was finally diagnosed with the aid of serum electrophoresis,
      immunoelectrophoresis, and sternal puncture. Apart from ocular symptoms of acute
      iritis all findings were normal. General clinical findings were also normal and
      the patient was subjective free of complaints.

PMID- 4057903
TI  - [Effectiveness of transcutaneous levator resection in congenital ptosis of the
      upper lid].
AB  - Thirteen patients (15 eyes) were treated for simple congenital blepharoptosis by
      means of transcutaneous levator resection. The patients' ages ranged from 6 to 23
      years, the postoperative follow-up period from 29 to 63 months. In 2 cases the
      operation was performed because of residual ptosis following transconjunctival
      levator resection. In 11 eyes the results were very good, with postoperative
      ptosis of between 0 and +/- 0.5 mm and complete lid closure. In 3 eyes the
      results were good, with ptosis between greater than + 0.5 mm and + 1.5 mm and
      complete lid closure; and there was one failure, with postsurgical ptosis of
      greater than + 1.5 mm. The major cosmetic defect in all cases was lid lag on
      extreme downward gaze. In view of these good results and the multiple advantages
      of the anterior transcutaneous levator resection procedure as compared to the
      posterior (conjunctival) approach, the authors feel able to claim that
      transcutaneous levator resection is the method of choice for most types of simple
      ptosis. The operation is extremely laborious but fully justified by the good
      results.

PMID- 4057904
TI  - [Complications following orbital floor fractures].
AB  - Complications after orbital floor fractures were studied in 76 cases (follow-up
      time 4 years). The following procedures were performed by the maxillofacial
      surgeon: repositioning of the orbital floor, tamponade of the maxillary sinus,
      covering of the defect with Lyodura, autologous bone grafting, and balloon
      catheterization. A satisfactory result was achieved after the primary operation
      in 75% of the cases. In cooperation with the ophthalmologist a variety of
      complications in 19 patients were studied and analyzed. The results of this study
      show the necessity of diagnostic and surgical cooperation between the specialists
      concerned.

PMID- 4057905
TI  - [Eye involvement in botulism].
AB  - The present paper reports on ophthalmological symptoms of type B botulism which
      occurred in 21 cases after they had eaten bacon. The absence of severe
      complications indicated that the intoxication was only slight. The suspected
      diagnosis was made by the ophthalmologist on the basis of the inevitable symptom
      of hyposalivation in combination with a deficit in accommodation.

PMID- 4057906
TI  - [A beta ray applicator (106Ru/106Rh) in the treatment of ciliary body melanomas].
AB  - A new form of 106Ru/106Rh applicator is described, with which it is possible to
      treat ciliary body tumors while preserving the cornea. Radiotherapy with this
      applicator may be regarded as an alternative to local excision and radiation of
      ciliary body melanomas with protons or helium ions.

PMID- 4057907
TI  - [Sensory and motor disorders of the visual organs in intracranial diseases.
      Abstracts].

PMID- 4057908
TI  - [Sarcoidosis of the eye. Biomicroscopic and histopathologic findings].
AB  - The differential diagnosis of granulomatous epitheloid cell reaction, which is
      the typical histologic finding in sarcoidosis, is discussed and the involvement
      of the different ocular tissues illustrated. The biomicroscopic picture is
      compared with histopathologic findings. As the incidence of conjunctival
      manifestation of sarcoidosis is high (over 50% in serial sections at different
      levels), it represents a possibility of confirming the diagnosis histologically
      without any bioptic risk.

PMID- 4057909
TI  - [Difficulties in the evaluation of melanoma recurrences following
      iridocyclectomy].
AB  - Report on a 30-year-old male patient suffering from malignant melanoma (spindle
      cell type A) of the iris and ciliary body who developed pigmentation within the
      scar tissue, diagnosed as melanoma recurrence, 2 years after iridocyclectomy.
      Therefore, enbloc excision was performed 5 years after the first tumor excision.
      Histologic examination revealed no tumor cells, only melanophagocytosis and local
      proliferation of lens epithelium in the form of Wedl bladder cells.

PMID- 4057911
TI  - Electrolyte intake and blood pressure: a study in contradictions and controversy.
AB  - The widely accepted recommendation that hypertensive subjects benefit from a
      reduction of sodium intake has lately been challenged by a number of
      publications. From one analysis of the First National Health and Nutrition
      Examination Survey (NHANES) in the USA, the conclusion was reached that
      hypertension was associated more frequently with low nutritional sodium intake
      and low calcium intake. Other authors analysing the same data but using different
      criteria and statistical methods did not confirm such conclusions. The criticisms
      of epidemiological data concerning the relationship between salt intake and
      hypertension include frequently inconsistent definition of hypertension, failure
      to consider methodological uncertainties in the measurement of salt intake and
      excretion and inadequate control of confounding variables such as age, race, sex,
      body mass index and lifestyle. The claimed link between nutritional calcium and
      blood pressure is completely unclear and needs careful investigation. A reduction
      of sodium intake from the present day excessive amounts to moderate intakes of 3
      6 g per day is still recommended in order to prevent the establishment of high
      blood pressure, to reduce hypertensive blood pressure levels or to reduce the
      doses of antihypertensive drugs. With mild hypertension being the main problem of
      high blood pressure management, further research is necessary to place dietary
      intervention in the non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension on a firmer,
      more rational footing.

PMID- 4057910
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage proteins.
AB  - Since the discovery of the extra-cellular lining material of the lung and the
      possibility harvesting this source by endobronchial lavage this material has been
      the object of many studies directed to analyze its components, function and
      possible change in the diseased lung. The best known component of the extra
      cellular lining material is the phospholipid and its fatty acid composition. But
      also on the cellular material much emphasis has been taken with the aim using its
      cytology as diagnostic parameter. However, very few informations were obtained
      about the protein material also washed out during the endobronchial lavage. As it
      was demonstrated by immunological methods the proteins of the extra-cellular
      lining material consist of serum identical proteins and those being obviously
      specific for the lung tissue. As found, most serum identical proteins occur in
      the same amounts as found in the blood serum, and the molecular weight in general
      range up to 160,000 daltons indicating that there must be a restriction in
      passage of high molecular weight proteins through the lumen walls of the
      endothelium. Some proteins, IgG, IgA, do occur in a higher level in the extra
      cellular lining material leading to the suggestion that these proteins were
      synthesized and secreted by the lung tissue itself. The molecular weight of the
      lung specific proteins range from 16,000-340,000 daltons. Under reducing
      conditions however, for all species listed, two classes of subunits -36,000 and
      12,000 daltons --result, indicating that these proteins might have comparable
      functions in the different species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4057913
TI  - [Septicemia in leukemia and malignant lymphoma. Incidence pathogens--causes].
AB  - Septicemia occurred in 81 (= 23.9%) of 339 patients with leukemias an malignant
      lymphomas during 1979-1984/VI. In leukemias the acute forms and in malignant
      lymphomas the high malignant forms were mostly affected. The frequency of
      gramnegative bacterias (46 = 56.8%) was higher than that of gram-positive
      bacterias (32 = 39.5%) and of fungus (3 = 3.7%). The frequency of septicemia in
      leukemias (alone) between 1966-1977 was 13.9%, between 1979-1984/VI 30%. In this
      comparison septicemias caused by gram-negative bacterias and fungus decreased,
      whereas gram-positive septicemias increased. The focus of septicemia remained
      unknown in 30 cases, Pneumonias and the urinary tract were the most common
      source, followed by the skin. All patients were under cytostatics and therefore
      leukopenic, most of them received corticosteroids simultaneously and were thus
      immunosuppressed. A combination of granulocytopenia less than 1,000 mm3 with
      hypogammaglobulinemia less than 10 rel.% were mostly found in acute leukemias and
      in chronic lymphatic leukemia. 41.5% of febrile episodes from all groups of these
      diseases were of non-microbic origin (local or septic) an thus possibly symptom
      of activity of the underlying disease.

PMID- 4057914
TI  - [Bacterial colonization of the rat jejunum in long-term nutrition with an
      elemental diet].
AB  - Elemental diets and peptide diets are increasingly used in the treatment of
      enteral diseases and as alternatives to parenteral nutrition. Though multiple
      influences of these diets on the small intestinal bacteria seem possible no long
      term studies were hitherto carried out to clarify their actions on the intestinal
      flora. Therefore, the jejunal flora was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively
      in a group of rats fed an elemental diet over a period of 60 days and a control
      group receiving standard pellet food. In both sets of animals similar numbers of
      colony forming bacteria/ml jejunal juice of the aerobic and anaerobic growing
      flora were observed. In parallel, the individual genera did not exhibit
      significant differences in control and experimental animals. According to these
      findings long-term feeding of a peptide diet to rats does not influence the small
      intestinal flora.

PMID- 4057912
TI  - Decline in mortality in Japan, USA, and the Federal Republic of Germany--the
      contribution of the specific causes of death.
AB  - In Japan, total mortality of men and women in the age groups of 45-54, 55-64, and
      65-74 years decreased, within the last three decades, by 50-60% to values which
      are now among the lowest in the world. During the same period, death rates of men
      decreased by approx. 20% in the USA and approx. 10% in the Federal Republic of
      Germany (FRG). As to women, decreases in both countries were over 30%. The
      decrease between 1968 and 1978 (period of validity of the 8th Revision of the
      ICD) in the three countries was mostly due to the diseases of the circulatory
      system: In Japan, mostly to cerebrovascular diseases, in the USA, to ischaemic
      heart diseases, and in the FRG, to other forms of heart diseases. Second to the
      diseases of the circulatory system, stomach cancer and infective and parasitic
      diseases contributed most to the total decrease in Japan, accidents and diseases
      of the respiratory system in the USA, and diseases of the respiratory and
      digestive systems in the FRG. The highest percentage increases of death rates for
      the specific causes were recorded for lung cancer in all three countries and for
      other forms of heart diseases in the USA.

PMID- 4057916
TI  - Cellular heterogeneity of the distal nephron and its relation to function.
AB  - The distal segments beyond the macula densa--distal convoluted tubule, connecting
      tubule, cortical collecting duct--display cellular heterogeneity. The four
      different cell types, namely the DCT cell, CNT cell, the principal cell and
      intercalated cell differ mainly by the pattern of membrane amplification and they
      reveal also qualitative differences as to some cytoplasmic proteins. Each of the
      four cell types adapts to chronic changes in electrolyte metabolism with
      structural alteration, concerning essentially the membrane area over which the
      active transport step of the cell proceeds, in DCT-, CNT- and P-cells the
      basolateral cell membrane with the Na-K-ATPase, in intercalated cells the luminal
      cell membrane with a H+ ATPase. Since each cell type responds only to specific
      conditions with changes in membrane area and associated transcellular transport
      activity, morphological studies can help to determine the specific role of each
      cell type in the regulation of renal electrolyte excretion. Such investigations
      demonstrated that besides mineralocorticoid hormones the transport capacity of
      certain cells should depend on the solute composition of tubular fluid. Thus,
      changes in the transport pattern specifically induced in only one segment alters
      also the transport patterns of segments downstream. Cellular heterogeneity seems
      to guarantee the optimal regulation of renal electrolyte excretion.

PMID- 4057915
TI  - [Biophysicochemical structures of the glomerular filter].
AB  - The ultrastructural and the biophysical and biochemical qualities of glomerular
      permeability to protein molecules are reviewed. With regard to differently
      located immune deposition in human glomerulonephritis, description and discussion
      are addressed in a fixed order of layers: 1. endothelial-subendothelial, i.e. the
      endothelial cells with fenestrate and the lamina rara interna of the basement
      membrane (bm), 2. membranous, i.e. the lamina densa of the bm, 3. subepithelial
      epithelial, i.e. the lamina rara externa of the bm and the podocytes with food
      processes and slit diaphragms. It is emphasized that the 3 layers act as
      gradually (coarse to fine) filter barriers. On the basis of well known structural
      peculiarities, in the last 10 years experimental studies revealed that the
      meshwork of type IV collagen and the negatively charged heparan sulfate
      proteoglycans - "the glomerular polyanion" - are integrated in sieving of protein
      molecules. These components are differently located in the stratified cellular
      and extracellular layers of the glomerular filter and their combined action is
      the basis of a size, charge and configuration depended filtration of
      macromolecules. In this way the passage of the mostly negative charge blood
      proteins, especially albumin, is prevented under normal conditions.

PMID- 4057917
TI  - Hormonal control of distal nephron function.
AB  - The distal tubule and collecting tubules are important control sites of fluid and
      electrolyte excretion. In our presentation we consider the cell mechanisms of
      transport of sodium and potassium ions and the effects of several hormones.
      Aldosterone and antidiuretics stimulate potassium secretion directly, and the
      available evidence strongly suggests that this effect involves the principal cell
      population. Epinephrine inhibits potassium secretion at sites beyond the distal
      tubule. In addition to such direct effects, secondary factors such as hormone
      induced changes in flow rate along the distal tubule and changes in the plasma
      potassium level play an important modifying role. Several examples are presented
      to demonstrate that interaction of several control components uncouples potassium
      secretion from distal flow rate and tends to stabilize urinary potassium
      excretion during changes in sodium and water balance.

PMID- 4057918
TI  - [Significance of kidney papillae in the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis and reflux
      nephropathy].
AB  - The role of the renal papillae in the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis and reflux
      nephropathy was studied by endoscopy and histology in adult autopsy kidneys.
      Compound papillae with a concave area cribrosa of the "reflux type" were found in
      greater frequency in adults than in children. Acute purulent inflammation in the
      renal parenchyma or coarse pyelonephritic scars were seen almost always overlying
      "refluxing" papillae or overlying papillae altered by papillary necrosis,
      obstructive atrophy and other changes of papillary shape. Intrapapillary tubular
      obstruction in early analgesic nephropathy, gout, myeloma and medullary cystic
      disease is an other factor favouring bacterial infection to occur. Without an
      underlying renal papillary damage renal injury attributable to urinary infection
      seems to be rare.

PMID- 4057919
TI  - [Clinical course and scar development in operated vesico-renal reflux in a long
      term study].
AB  - 62 patients (14 boys, 48 girls) representing 85 refluxive renal units (Grade 2-4)
      were investigated after successful operation for the development of further
      urinary tract infections (UTI) and renal scars (RS). The mean follow-up was 9.3
      years. With the exception of one boy, none of the male patients developed any UTI
      or new RS. A similar result was obtained for about 45% of the girls. These two
      groups of patients presented with high-grade reflux before surgery. The remaining
      female patients (about 55%), however, presenting with lower-grade reflux before
      surgical treatment, developed further UTI as well as new RS despite surgical
      correction of their reflux. Investigations on the capacity of uroepithelial cells
      (UEC) to suppress bacterial growth revealed a deficient antibacterial effect of
      UEC in these patients. Such an UEC defect has also been shown in patients with
      asymptomatic bacteriuria. In conclusion, different reasons seem to be responsible
      for recurrent UTI and the development of RS in patients with reflux.

PMID- 4057920
TI  - [Prospective alternating comparisons of the operative and nonoperative treatment
      of vesico-renal reflux].
AB  - Prospective trials of surgical versus nonsurgical treatment in children with
      nonobstructive vesico-ureteral reflux and urinary tract infection are referred.
      Available data do not yet document significant differences of frequency of
      urinary tract infections, of morphological and functional renal damage, and of
      blood pressure under the conflicting treatment regimens. The frequency of acute
      pyelonephritis seems to decrease after surgical reflux resolution beyond the
      first postoperative weeks. Ongoing two studies are promising future scientific
      rather than present biased basis for individual therapeutic decisions after
      further increase of patient numbers resp. further accumulation of observation
      time.

PMID- 4057924
TI  - [Factors determining geocentric orientation of pilots].
AB  - The use of a rational (geocentric) method of orientation in flight is determined
      by the specific content of the conceptual model that develops in the course of
      flying experience and by the display of the spatial position of perceptive signs
      of the geocentric system of coordinates. The importance of these factors is
      confirmed by erroneous decisions made by operators with no flying experience
      (40%) when they estimated the spatial position as well as by a shorter time and a
      lower number of errors made in assessing the spatial position when the display
      presented signs of the geocentric system of coordinates.

PMID- 4057923
TI  - [Various aspects of determining physical work capacity of humans in hyperbaric
      environment].
AB  - Physical work capacity of man during real and stimulated dives is discussed in
      view of the reported data. The parameter is known to decrease as the breathing
      gas density and immersion depth increase. The factors limiting the work capacity
      growth are as follows: greater respiration resistance, higher energy cost of
      ventilation, CO2 retention, dyspnea, adverse circulation changes. During exposure
      hyperbaric bradycardia occurs both at rest and upon a work load. This precludes
      prediction of physical work capacity on the basis of the heart rate alone as a
      parameter used in a normobaric environment. The paper contains tabulated data on
      the work capacity of divers at various depths obtained by different authors.

PMID- 4057922
TI  - [Alcohol and IgA in the kidney].
AB  - Patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease show an increase in serum IgA with
      a preferential elevation of polymeric IgA. Furthermore, immune complexes
      containing IgA can be demonstrated. These changes may be explained by an alcohol
      induced increase in intestinal permeability to macromolecular antigens leading to
      an IgA response, and by a decreased hepatic clearance of polymeric IgA not
      dependent on a secretory component. The prevalence of glomerular IgA deposits
      amounts to 50% in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis examined at autopsy.
      Polymeric and monomeric IgA, partially as immune complexes can be detected.
      However, urinary symptoms very rarely occur. The factors leading to
      glomerulonephritis following IgA deposition are poorly understood.

PMID- 4057921
TI  - Role of alcohol in clinical nephrology.
AB  - Different nephrological derangements are observed in severe alcoholics. Until now
      the direct toxicity of ethanol is only shown in the fetal alcohol syndrome with
      various malformations of the genitourinary tract. In the adult the kidney is
      often involved in the development, maintenance and counterregulation of complex
      electrolyte disturbances like phosphate and potassium hypoglycemia etc. The
      alcohol associated retention of urate, induced by hyperlactatemia and/or
      increased beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration is only rarely complicated by urate
      nephropathy. Alcohol intoxication (acute and chronic) predisposes to
      rhabdomyolysis with the risk of acute renal failure. There are some hints that
      chronic alcoholism with myopathy increases the vulnerability of the kidney for
      further toxic agents. In rats glycerol induced renal failure is enhanced by
      alcohol pretreatment. Finally, regular alcohol consumption raises the blood
      pressure, which per se is a risk factor for renal damage.

PMID- 4057925
TI  - [Effect of stress on psychomotor stability of pilots with various degrees of
      anxiety].
AB  - The apparent anxiety as a personality factor cannot serve as a differentiating
      factor in the performance of psychomotor tasks (oculomotor coordination). It is
      shown that when pilots manifest a higher level of anxiety, performing specific
      tasks, their physiological expenditures increase.

PMID- 4057926
TI  - [Use of flying tests for evaluating functional capabilities of pilots].
AB  - Psychophysiological parameters of 89 pilots were examined when they performed
      flight tasks on a trainer under normal and complicated conditions. The
      experiments helped to reveal a group of test subjects (11.2%) who had low
      capabilities and made serious errors. The results obtained suggest that
      psychophysiological examinations during simulated professional activity can be
      recommended as a method to be used for measuring adaptive and compensatory
      capabilities of pilots undergoing medical expertise.

PMID- 4057927
TI  - [Effect of physical activity on the status of lipid metabolism in pilots].
AB  - Lipid metabolism of healthy pilots was investigated and verified by the PWC170
      test. Pilots with a lower physical activity showed high levels of cholesterol,
      triglycerides, total lipids, LDL and low levels of HDL as averaged per group. The
      PWC170 value and the concentration of lipid fractions in blood were found to be
      highly correlated, the correlation being nonlinear. The nonlinear regression data
      suggest that greater physical activity leads to a decrease of the lipid
      concentration and an increase of the content of high density lipid-protein
      complexes.

PMID- 4057928
TI  - [Oxygen balance and regional blood flow in the gingival mucosa during exposure to
      head-pelvis (+Gz) acceleration].
AB  - The information content of a new contact rheopolarographic procedure used to
      determine the oxygen balance and regional circulation of the gingival mucosa was
      measured, bearing in mind the applicability of the procedure as an objective
      index of human tolerance to +Gz acceleration. It was found that the parameters of
      the oxygen balance and regional circulation of the gingival mucosa were well
      correlated with blood pressure in the floor of the auricle. In contrast to the
      traditional methods for assessing tolerance to acceleration, the new procedure
      provides information about the health condition of the centrifuged subjects on a
      continuous basis. Variations in the oxygen balance and regional circulation of
      the gingival mucosa helped to identify compensatory reactions of the
      cardiovascular system in response to +Gz acceleration.

PMID- 4057929
TI  - [Various aspects of amino acid metabolism in humans exposed to 120-day anti
      orthostatic hypokinesia].
AB  - The free amino acid pool of blood of man exposed to 120-day head-down tilt (at -4
      degrees) was examined. Beginning with bed rest day 28 and till the end of the
      study, the amino acid pool increased. The increase involved most free amino acids
      which was produced by a decline of anabolic and stimulation of catabolic
      processes during hypokinesia.

PMID- 4057930
TI  - [Effect of 7-day immersion hypokinesia on the characteristics of precise
      movements].
AB  - Experiments were carried out to study the effect of 7-day immersion hypokinesia
      on precision movements that included reproduction of a certain isometric strain
      of leg muscles (30% from the maximum voluntary level) and angular displacement of
      the ankle (15 degrees) relative to the 90 degrees position. On the first
      postimmersion day the precision level deteriorated, i. e., the error and
      variability of the movements to be reproduced consistently increased. The
      precision decline was the highest with plantar flexion, when the error of the
      effort and position reproduction was 24 and 28%, respectively, and the lowest
      with dorsiflexion, when the error was 17 and 25%, respectively, versus 6-8% in
      the baseline tests. Precision disorders were seen in the structure of movements
      which lost their stereotypic pattern and became fragmentary, transforming into
      slow approximate movements versus the pattern of preimmersion movements that were
      of a rapid programmed control type. Precision changes during plantar flexion
      movements were usually excessive, hypermetric and almost twice longer than
      preimmersion. The origin of the above precision changes seems to be primarily
      associated with muscle atonia. At the same time data analysis shows that in
      nearly 50% of cases the values of precision changes in movements of various types
      (efforts and displacements) and different directions (plantar and dorsiflexion)
      were correlated. This is suggestive of common central mechanisms underlying their
      development.

PMID- 4057931
TI  - [Effect of the model of "dry" immersion on the indicators of water-electrolyte
      metabolism and aldosterone and cortisol in the plasma of persons with different
      levels of body water].
AB  - Experiments were carried out to study the effect of dry immersion on fluid
      electrolyte metabolism, aldosterone and cortisol content in 22 test subjects with
      varying content of water in the organism. It was found that dry immersion
      produced a diuretic effect and facilitated a higher excretion of electrolytes and
      a lower aldosterone content. The test subjects with a higher content of water in
      the organism (16 subjects) exhibited a more distinct and prolonged polyuria.
      During the recovery period the aldosterone content increased insignificantly and
      failed to return to the baseline level, in contrast to the subjects with a normal
      content of water in the organism.

PMID- 4057932
TI  - [Intensity of lipid peroxidation in the tissues of rats during hypokinesia].
AB  - The intensity of lipid peroxidation in the homogenates and mitochondria of the
      liver, heart and skeletal muscle of hypokinetic rats was measured. The primary
      products of lipid peroxidation, i. e., diene conjugates, were accumulated in all
      tissues on hypokinesia days 3, 15, and 30. The content of the final product-
      malonic dialdehyde--in the mitochondria increased on hypokinesia days 15 and 30.
      The low level of NADPH--and ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation in the
      mitochondria at early stages of hypokinesia (up to 15 days) and diene conjugates
      in homogenates on hypokinesia day 7 can be attributed to an activation of the
      protective systems of the organism against the immobilization stress. It is
      suggested that at early stages of hypokinesia the process of lipid peroxidation,
      or to be more precise lipid hydroperoxidation can be blocked.

PMID- 4057933
TI  - [Human tolerance of the "quick-as-lightning" form of hypoxic hypoxia].

PMID- 4057934
TI  - [One aspect of training aircraft crews].
AB  - This paper describes the psychophysical training of crewmembers of flying
      vehicles who may find it necessary to cross a water boundary or to remain for
      long in water after emergency splash-down. In order to prevent attacks of fear
      and panic caused by such frightful things as whirlpools and convulsions the paper
      presents data on the nature of turbulent processes in running water and the
      techniques of overcoming them as well as on the origin of convulsions in swimmers
      and methods of their alleviation. The paper also describes an easy method of how
      to have a rest when swimming that makes it possible to eliminate the feeling of
      fatigue by remaining motionless for an infinitely long time.

PMID- 4057935
TI  - [Method of calculating corner measurements of lamp shades in cockpits].

PMID- 4057937
TI  - [Automatic evaluation of cardial output based on trunk rheograms].

PMID- 4057936
TI  - [Possible use of double-frequency impedance measurements for determining total
      and extracellular fluid ratio in the body].

PMID- 4057938
TI  - [Gas-chromatographic analysis of free fatty acids of skin surface lipids].

PMID- 4057939
TI  - Retroperitoneal fibromatosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in macaques:
      epidemiologic studies.
AB  - At the University of Washington Regional Primate Research Center, a simian
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS) associated with retroperitoneal
      fibromatosis (RF) has been observed in 82 macaques since 1976, including 77
      pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina), two long-tailed macaques (M.
      fascicularis), one Japanese macaque (M. fuscata) and two rhesus macaques (M.
      mulatta). The syndrome is characterized by immunodeficiency accompanied by a
      fibroproliferative lesion, primarily affects young monkeys (1-3 years) and has a
      high case fatality rate. Based on the occurrence of RF in colony-born and non
      colony-born monkeys, the minimum incubation period for natural exposure is
      believed to be about 9 months. The incidence of RF was 0.9% in M. nemestrina,
      0.1% in M. fascicularis, 1.0% in M. fuscata and 0.4% in M. mulatta. There were no
      significant differences in the incidence of RF by sex or seasonality.
      Epidemiologic studies were focused on 42 juvenile M. nemestrina that developed RF
      between January 1980 and June 1983, and the results were compared with 42 age-
      and sex-matched controls. The incidence of RF was 5.7% in monkeys 12-24 months
      old and 3.4% in monkeys 24-36 months old, but less than 1.0% in age groups of
      under 1 year and over 3 years. No significant associations were found for housing
      history, parentage, generations or ancestral origins. Epidemiologic information
      and preliminary viral studies suggest a type D retrovirus may be the causative
      agent in RF and SAIDS. RF associated with SAIDS appears to be an excellent model
      for Kaposi's sarcoma associated with human AIDS.

PMID- 4057940
TI  - Circulating immune complexes in cynomolgus macaques.
AB  - Nonhuman primates can be used as models for the study of immune-complex
      associated diseases. Recognizing that very little is known about the levels of
      circulating immune complexes (CICs) in normal monkeys, we have used three assays
      to measure the levels in serum collected from 313 adult and 106 juvenile
      cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). The prevalence was higher than
      expected. There was a strong statistical association between CIC levels and
      country of origin. Monkeys from Indonesia were more likely to have elevated CICs
      than those from Malaya or the Philippines. This relationship was observed with
      all three assays. Furthermore, juvenile macaques tended to have lower levels than
      did adults. This study indicates that it may be important to consider genetic
      factors, the country of origin, or both when selecting cynomolgus macaques for
      research on immune-complex-associated diseases.

PMID- 4057941
TI  - Diagnostic exercise: pneumonia in a rat.

PMID- 4057942
TI  - Naturally occurring Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia in patas monkeys
      (Erythrocebus patas).
AB  - Two cases of Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia occurred in a breeding group of
      22 adult patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas). Affected animals had acute clinical
      signs of depression, weakness, dehydration, hypothermia, hepatomegaly and
      pronounced leukopenia. Both animals died a few hours after treatment was
      initiated. Gross necropsy findings included jaundice, fluid in body cavities,
      hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, multiple white foci within the liver and spleen,
      generalized lymph node enlargement and numerous mucosal ulcerations in the colon.
      Primary histopathological lesions were multifocal hepatic necrosis, splenic
      necrosis, chronic ulcerative enteritis and diaphragmatic myositis with necrosis
      and edema. Yersinia enterocolitica was cultured from the liver, spleen, lung,
      jejunum and rectum. Wild rodents, particularly mice, may have been a source of
      infection for these animals, as the monkeys were housed in a rural, indoor
      outdoor facility. A preliminary culture survey showed that some clinically normal
      patas monkeys harbored the organism in their intestinal tracts.

PMID- 4057943
TI  - An enlarged aggregate of apocrine glands on the chest of karyotype I owl monkeys.
AB  - A firm circumscribed umbilicated mass in the middle of the chest, overlying the
      cephalad portion of the sternum, was an incidental finding in the skin of three
      males and one female from a group of eight (four male and four female) aged
      karyotype I owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) released to our laboratory from the
      breeding colony of the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR). Light
      microscopic examination of each mass revealed an enlarged aggregate of apocrine
      glands which was interpreted to be the result of hyperplasia. Some degree of
      enlargement of the aggregate of glands was observed on all adult male karyotype I
      owl monkeys recently examined at WRAIR.

PMID- 4057944
TI  - Dentostomella translucida, a nematode from the golden hamster.

PMID- 4057945
TI  - A forced-air ventilation system for rodent cages.
AB  - A novel forced-air ventilation system for rodent cages was developed. The
      apparatus was operated at an air flow rate of 56 L/min when used with a 230 mm
      wide X 450 mm long X 165 mm deep cage. Air velocity measurements in the cage did
      not exceed 8 m/min at animal (rat) height. The average NH3 concentration in a
      cage which housed two 250 g rats was less than 0.3 ppm at the end of the third
      day, whereas the concentration measured in a cage without the forced-air
      ventilation system was 150 ppm after 3 days. Tests of the water content of soiled
      bedding showed the forced-air ventilation system to provide a much drier
      environment for the rodents.

PMID- 4057946
TI  - Methods for repetitive measurements of multiple hematological parameters in
      individual rats.
AB  - Methods have been developed which permit frequent repetitive blood sampling of
      rats without perturbing physiological parameters of interest. These techniques
      allow a comprehensive hematological study over several weeks, in individual rats,
      thus permitting full documentation of selected parameters during growth and
      development.

PMID- 4057947
TI  - Intermittent tracheostomy in sheep.
AB  - A modified tracheostomy was designed for respiratory function studies in sheep.
      Our primary objective was to prevent development of severe tracheal stenosis,
      which was observed with procedures designed for canine tracheostomy. Surgery
      consisted of an intercartilaginous tracheal slit, with apposition of tracheal
      mucosa to skin. This procedure produced no significant stenosis at postmortem
      evaluation in 19 sheep. In contrast, 5 of 20 sheep with excision of the ventral
      1/3 of the third and fourth tracheal rings, had severe tracheal stenosis.

PMID- 4057948
TI  - A simple and efficient method for obtaining urine samples from rats.
AB  - A method for collection of urine from rats was developed that is simple,
      reliable, and efficient. A 5 ml. polystyrene beaker is placed over the urethra
      and the base of the tail is stimulated with the fingers of one hand. Depending on
      the quality and quantity of urine needed the perineal area may be shaved and the
      beaker may be held by hand or attached with tape.

PMID- 4057949
TI  - Customized vascular catheters for rodents.
AB  - Custom arterial and venous catheters were made for rodents from polyurethane
      tubing. The low thrombogenicity and toxicity index, chemical stability and
      resiliency of polyurethane made this tubing an ideal catheter material. The
      tubing is shaped using peanut oil heated to 160 degrees C. Sealing these
      catheters is accomplished simply by heating the tube end with a hot object and
      pinching it between the fingers. Chronic catheter patency was maintained using
      Burr's solution (9:1 mixture of glycerine and heparin). No flushing was
      necessary.

PMID- 4057950
TI  - Abstracts of scientific papers, platform and poster presentations. Thirty-sixth
      annual meeting, American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. Baltimore,
      MD, November 3-8, 1985.

PMID- 4057951
TI  - Ultrastructural analysis of a specific hamster alveolar macrophage antigen.
AB  - Alveolar macrophages of hamsters have a cell surface antigen not found on other
      pulmonary cells or macrophages from other sites. A specific mouse monoclonal
      antibody and protein A-colloidal gold were used to study the distribution of this
      antigen at the ultrastructural level. By quantitating the number of antigenic
      sites per unit linear distance of membrane of the total cell surface, it was
      established that this antigen is randomly distributed on the plasma membrane.
      Cell-to-cell heterogeneity in antigen density was correlated with other
      ultrastructural features of lung macrophages studied morphometrically. A strong
      correlation (r = 0.77) between antigen density and secondary lysosome content was
      found, supporting the thesis that expression of this antigen increases with
      macrophage age. No apparent topographic relationship of surface antigen to any
      cytoplasmic organelles could be inferred from the ultrastructural morphology.
      This study also used immuno-ultrastructural techniques to visualize stages of the
      internalization of labeled antigen in live cells. While some cells retained a
      random distribution of antigen at 0 degrees C, most showed movement of antigenic
      sites away from pseudopodia to clusters on more linear (less ruffled) portions of
      cell surface. At 37 degrees C, the antigen was internalized and could be
      visualized within coated pits and endocytic vacuoles. Definition of the anatomic
      distribution of this antigen under various conditions provides a baseline for
      further ultrastructural investigations of the function of this antigen.

PMID- 4057952
TI  - Smooth muscle phenotypic expression in human carotid arteries. I. Comparison of
      cells from diffuse intimal thickenings adjacent to atheromatous plaques with
      those of the media.
AB  - The volume fraction of synthetic organelles in smooth muscle cells from diffuse
      intimal thickenings (DIT) and media of human carotid arteries has been determined
      morphometrically. Fresh tissue from surgical endarterectomy was obtained from
      both male and female patients between 50 and 80 years of age. The results show
      that 87% of cells within the DIT can be readily identified as smooth muscle. The
      volume fraction of synthetic organelles in smooth muscle cells from the DIT of
      both males and females is of a highly significant difference from the volume
      fraction of synthetic organelles in cells of the subjacent media. This represents
      a 2-fold increase in the content of synthetic organelles in the cells of the DIT.
      The results also show greater phenotypic variability among cells of the DIT than
      among cells of the media. The results are discussed in the context of smooth
      muscle cell phenotypic changes in cell culture and the implications of such
      changes in phenotypic expression in the initiation of atherogenesis.

PMID- 4057953
TI  - Ultrastructural studies of experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis in normal
      and bursectomized chickens.
AB  - Immunizations of chickens with bovine glomerular basement membrane (GBM) results
      in the development of experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis (EAG). Animals
      lacking antibody to GBM develop nephritis comparable to those with antibody. The
      present study examined the ultrastructural lesions of EAG. Normal and
      bursectomized (Bsx) chickens were immunized with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)
      or CFA-GBM. We studied 3 CFA controls, 5 CFA-Bsx controls, 5 GBM immunized, 4 Bsx
      GBM immunized antibody positive birds, and 6 Bsx-GBM immunized birds with no
      antibody. Ultrastructure of control animals was consistent with previous
      descriptions in chickens. In nephritic GBM-immunized animals the proliferative
      glomerulonephritis was associated with an increase in resident mesangial (type I)
      cells identified by small regularly shaped nuclei with coarsely clumped chromatin
      and scanty cytoplasm. (p less than 0.05). Glomerulonephritis was also associated
      with the occurrence of type II cells characterized by an irregular folded
      lobulated nucleus, finely granular chromatin, abundant cytoplasm, and dense
      granules and vacuoles in the cytoplasm with an appearance similar to macrophages.
      The presence of type II cells was highly associated with the development of
      glomerulonephritis, p less than 0.05. The increase in type II cells was observed
      in animals with and without antibody along the GBM. A third type of cell was also
      observed in intimate contact with type II cells and had the morphology of a
      lymphocyte. The lymphocytoid cells were only seen in nephritic animals. Bsx was
      associated with trabeculation and lucencies of the GBM not found in normal birds,
      p less than 0.05. EAG in chickens occurs regardless of the presence or absence of
      GBM-bound anti-GBM antibody. Other studies have shown that the disease can be
      transferred by specifically sensitized lymphocytes, but not by antibody. The
      present ultrastructural findings provide further evidence for the role of cell
      mediated immunity in the pathogenesis of this model of EAG in chickens.

PMID- 4057954
TI  - Normal human urothelial cells in culture. Subculture procedure, flow cytometric
      and chromosomal analyses.
AB  - Epithelial cell cultures of urothelial origin can be initiated with the sediment
      of voided urines of normal adults. The proliferating cells can be subcultured
      provided that nonconfluent cultures are used. In some instances cells have been
      transferred up to seven times. Flow cytometric analysis of the cells grown in
      vitro revealed a DNA distribution pattern consistent with a nonsynchronized,
      proliferating diploid cell population. Karyologic studies showed that 98% of the
      cells were diploid and had normal banding patterns. Tetraploid cells with 92
      chromosomes constituted about 2% of the counted metaphases. These observations,
      supplementing the authors' previous data provide further evidence that urothelial
      cells derived from normal adults retain characteristics of normal human cells.
      Urine represents an easily available source for initiating cultures of human
      epithelial cells and the application of the system in diagnosis and research is
      being explored.

PMID- 4057955
TI  - Detection of opiates in postmortem tissues by thin-layer immunoassay.
AB  - The use of thin-layer immunoassay (TIA) for the detection of opiates in
      postmortem brain, kidney, liver, and lung tissue has been developed. The method
      is simple to perform, requires no specialized equipment or radioactive reagents,
      and is sufficiently sensitive for the detection of opiates in postmortem tissues.
      Sample preparation consists of homogenization followed by ultradialysis to remove
      protein. The procedure was evaluated in a blind study of 83 postmortem tissue
      specimens and found to be reliable at tissue concentrations greater than or equal
      to 200 ng/g as determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA).

PMID- 4057956
TI  - Thioridazine 5-sulfoxide diastereoisomers in serum and urine from rats and man
      after chronic thioridazine administration.
AB  - Two diastereoisomeric pairs of thioridazine 5-sulfoxide (T5SO)(ring sulfoxide)
      were detected in serum and urine from rats and patients following chronic
      thioridazine administration. The isolation and identification of each pair of
      isomers was by thin layer chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography,
      and mass spectrometry. Equal concentrations of T5SO pairs were present in serum
      and urine specimens from both rats and man. Therefore, the biotransformation and
      renal clearance of the isomers does not appear to be stereoselective in either
      species. An evaluation of chromatographic systems used in previous metabolic
      studies of thioridazine, and reasons for the lack of prior recognition of
      thioridazine 5-sulfoxide isomers is also presented.

PMID- 4057957
TI  - The effects of storage conditions on the stability of carbon monoxide in
      postmortem blood.
AB  - The stability of carbon monoxide (CO) in blood was studied under various
      conditions of storage using both spectrophotometric and gas chromatographic-flame
      ionization detector (GC-FID) methods of analysis. Changes (losses) in percent
      carbon monoxide saturation occurred under some conditions but not under others.
      Various mechanisms for CO losses are considered and one (passive diffusion of CO
      gas) best explains these observations. Losses of up to 60% of the original
      saturation occurred when blood was kept in uncapped containers at room
      temperature for 2 1/2 weeks or at 4 degrees C for 3 weeks. However, no changes
      occurred when blood was kept in tightly sealed containers for at least 4 months
      at either temperature.

PMID- 4057958
TI  - Matrix modification for furnace atomic absorption spectrometric determination of
      arsenic in whole human blood.
AB  - A method for the determination of arsenic in whole human blood is presented. To
      decrease the matrix effects from this complex sample, the blood was prediluted
      with a matrix modifier solution. The modifier solution contained a surfactant,
      Triton X-100, which homogenized the sample and allowed accurate pipetting by an
      autosampler. The modifier also contained nickel nitrate which stabilized the
      arsenic and allowed ash temperatures of 1400 degrees C without loss of the
      arsenic. The method exhibited a sensitivity of 5 micrograms/L (concentration/1%
      absorption) which was sufficient for the forensic evaluation of elevated arsenic
      levels in the blood.

PMID- 4057959
TI  - Repetitive microvolumetric sampling and analysis of acetaminophen and its
      toxicologically relevant metabolites in murine plasma and urine using high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Acetaminophen is a widely used, nonprescription analgesic and antipyretic drug
      which can cause severe hepatic and renal cellular necrosis. Analysis of plasma
      and urinary concentrations of acetaminophen metabolites can facilitate an
      understanding of the relation of enzymatic pathways involved in the bioactivation
      and detoxification of acetaminophen to its cellular toxicity. There is a marked
      interindividual variability in the activity of these enzymatic pathways which
      play a critical role in the modulation of acetaminophen toxicity. A similar
      interindividual variability occurs in the in vivo temporal disposition of
      acetaminophen and its metabolites. Accordingly, optimal in vivo methods would
      permit repetitive sampling from the same animals, as opposed to sacrificing
      groups of different animals for each time point. This is particularly difficult
      in smaller rodents such as the mouse, where generally a single blood sample is
      obtained by cardiac puncture, often under conditions of general anesthesia which
      can affect drug metabolism and toxicity. A microvolumetric technique for
      repetitive blood sampling in individual mice, combined with a simple, high
      performance liquid chromatographic assay for acetaminophen and its
      toxicologically relevant metabolites is reported here. Data are presented for the
      disposition of acetaminophen and its metabolites in murine plasma, feces, and
      urine.

PMID- 4057960
TI  - Simultaneous identification and quantitation of codeine and morphine in urine by
      capillary gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy.
AB  - An analytical procedure for simultaneous determination of codeine and morphine in
      urine is described. The detection of codeine and morphine is based on liquid
      liquid extraction and derivatization to the acetylated compounds. The acetylated
      codeine and morphine are separated by capillary gas chromatography and identified
      mass spectrometrically by selected ion monitoring (SIM). Quantitative
      determination was carried out by SIM using nalorphine as internal standard.
      Excellent linearity was obtained over a concentration range of 25 to 800 ng/mL.
      The overall recovery for codeine and morphine in the extraction was found to be
      58% and 40%, respectively. The on-column sensitivity for both compounds was 2 ng
      at a peak-to-noise ratio of 5:1. The derivatives, acetylcodeine,
      diacetylmorphine, and diacetylnalorphine were stable at room temperature for 72
      hr.

PMID- 4057961
TI  - Disposition of cocaine in fatal poisoning in man.
AB  - A fatal case of intravenous (IV) cocaine administration is presented. Cocaine
      tissue concentrations (mg/kg) in descending order were: kidney, 26; spleen, 22;
      brain, 14; heart, 6.1; skeletal muscle, 6.1; lung, 3.4; liver, 1.6; and adipose,
      1.0. Body fluid cocaine concentrations (mg/L) were: urine, 39; bile, 10; vitreous
      humor, 2.4; and blood, 1.8. These results are in excellent agreement with cocaine
      tissue distribution in the dog following IV administration and limited tissue
      data in previously reported cocaine fatalities in man.

PMID- 4057963
TI  - Chloral hydrate: unusually high concentrations in a fatal overdose.
AB  - A case in which chloral hydrate as a pure chemical rather than the prescribed
      drug caused the death of a 27-year-old white male is presented. Trichloroethanol
      was quantified in blood and tissues by electron capture gas chromatography. The
      blood trichloroethanol concentration found in this case (1700 mg/L) was higher
      than had been previously reported in the literature.

PMID- 4057962
TI  - Effective column extraction from decomposed tissue in a suspected overdose case
      involving maprotiline and amitriptyline.
AB  - This paper describes the use of a Celite 560 column extraction technique in the
      initial separation of drugs from the contents of the skull of a severely
      decomposed body. Analysis of the extract obtained resulted in the determination
      of the presence of amitriptyline, and maprotiline and two of its metabolites. As
      a consequence, the laboratory was able to provide the medical examiner with
      information concerning an extremely difficult case.

PMID- 4057964
TI  - Xylazine in human tissue and fluids in a case of fatal drug abuse.
AB  - A fatal case of multiple drug abuse in a 36-year-old veterinarian involving
      injection of xylazine and ingestion of alcohol and clorazepate is presented.
      Quantitative analysis of xylazine was by gas liquid chromatography with a
      nitrogen detector. Xylazine concentrations (mg/L or mg/kg) were: blood, 0.2;
      brain, 0.4; kidney, 0.6; liver, 0.9; lung, 1.1; omentum adipose 0.05; and urine,
      7.0. Blood ethanol and nordiazepam concentrations were 380 mg/dL and 2.5 mg/L,
      respectively.

PMID- 4057965
TI  - An unusually high blood morphine concentration in a fatal case.

PMID- 4057966
TI  - Sudden death of a heroin body packer.
AB  - This report documents an unusual case in which the analysis of postmortem
      specimens from a female heroin body packer revealed phenomenally high
      concentrations of morphine, 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM), caffeine, and codeine.
      Several condoms containing white powder had split, emptied their contents into
      the stomach, and then leaked into the peritoneum through a rupture in the stomach
      wall. Blood concentrations were: morphine, 120 mg/L; (6-MAM), 184 mg/L; codeine,
      1.7 mg/L; and caffeine, 400 mg/L.

PMID- 4057967
TI  - Eleventh Haridas memorial lecture. Childhood obesity in Singapore primary school
      children: epidemiological review and anthropometric evaluation.

PMID- 4057968
TI  - Ratings of physical attractiveness as a function of age.

PMID- 4057969
TI  - Age, sex-role categorization, and psychological health in American homosexual and
      heterosexual men and women.

PMID- 4057971
TI  - Anomie as a correlate of self-reported drinking behavior.

PMID- 4057970
TI  - Labeling public aggression: when is it terrorism?

PMID- 4057972
TI  - Perceived self-efficacy and intellectual performance of socially disadvantaged
      students.

PMID- 4057973
TI  - The quality of life and suicide.

PMID- 4057974
TI  - Continuous speech sampling for phonologic analyses of speech-delayed children.
AB  - Five conditions for sampling the continuous speech of speech-delayed children
      were defined and compared. Conditions differed on variables associated with
      examiner behavior and stimulus materials. All sampling conditions were
      administered in randomized order by two examiners who each tested 6 children. The
      obtained speech samples were compared for productivity, intelligibility,
      representativeness, and reactivity. The general findings of few significant
      differences associated with sampling conditions support the validity of
      continuous speech sampling for phonologic analyses of speech-delayed children.
      Protocols for the five conditions are provided, and guidelines for efficient
      speech sampling are suggested.

PMID- 4057975
TI  - Accessing children's knowledge of sociolinguistic rules for speech therapy
      lessons.
AB  - Eight dyads of misarticulating school children (M = 7:9 years) enrolled in
      clinical programs were videotaped while they role-played 5-min remedial
      articulation lessons. Analysis of lesson transcripts was carried out at selected
      levels (lesson management, roles, discourse contexts, communicative acts,
      discourse sequences, and topic introduction). The "clinicians" controlled the
      lesson tasks and topics and used communicative acts in a manner typical of adult
      clinicians. The "clients" role-played cooperatively and displayed the response
      patterns of children receiving remedial lessons. Hierarchical relationships among
      the selected levels of analysis suggested the use of a cohesive register
      appropriate for clinical teaching. It is suggested that children's
      sociolinguistic perspectives on remedial speech and language lessons should be
      taken into account when intervention lessons are planned and implemented.

PMID- 4057976
TI  - Auditory brainstem responses in a case of high-frequency conductive hearing loss.
AB  - Click-evoked auditory brainstem responses were measured in a patient with high
      frequency conductive hearing loss. As is typical in cases of conductive hearing
      loss, Wave I latency was prolonged beyond normal limits. Interpeak latency
      differences were just below the lower limits of the normal range. The Wave V
      latency-intensity function, however, was abnormally steep. This pattern is
      explained by the hypothesis that the slope of the latency-intensity function is
      determined principally by the configuration of the hearing loss. In cases of high
      frequency hearing loss (regardless of the etiology), the response may be
      dominated by more apical regions of the cochlea at lower intensities and thus
      have a longer latency.

PMID- 4057977
TI  - Use of the phonation analyzer as a clinical tool.
AB  - Isshiki's (1981) proposed index of glottal flow efficiency (ac/dc ratio) and an
      instrument designed to measure the index (PA 500) were evaluated. Measurements of
      glottal flow, SPL, and fundamental frequency obtained from the PA 500 were
      compared with measurements obtained from more established laboratory instruments
      and found to be similar. Then the PA 500 was used to obtain measurements from 50
      subjects without voice disorders or laryngeal pathology, 14 subjects with voice
      disorders and no laryngeal pathology, and 41 subjects with voice disorders and
      laryngeal pathology. Comparisons of ac/dc ratios revealed some significant
      differences among subject groups. However, when Isshiki's proposed cutoff ratio
      (ac/dc = 0.50) was used to determine which subjects had laryngeal pathology, 33%
      of the 105 subjects were misidentified. Data collected in the study provided an
      opportunity to evaluate Hirano's (1981) suggestion that glottal flow rates of 200
      cc/s may be considered abnormal. When this flow rate was used as a cutoff score
      to determine which subjects had laryngeal pathology, 24% of the 105 subjects were
      misidentified. High variability in measurements obtained from subjects in each of
      the groups studied suggest that it is unlikely that ac/dc ratios or glottal flow
      measures, by themselves, will prove to be effective in identifying subjects with
      laryngeal pathology.

PMID- 4057978
TI  - Rollover measurements with Auditec NU-6 word lists.
AB  - Auditec cassette tape recordings of NU-6 word lists were used to obtain
      performance-intensity functions for phonetically balanced words (PI-PB) from 25
      subjects with normal hearing, 19 subjects with presumed cochlear disorders, and 9
      subjects with confirmed retrocochlear lesions. A rollover index greater than .35
      differentiated retrocochlear hearing loss from cochlear hearing loss, although
      some retrocochlear subjects scored well below that level. Factors that may
      contribute to differences among PI-PB studies are discussed.

PMID- 4057979
TI  - Use of abstracts, orientations, and codas in narration by language-disordered and
      nondisordered children.
AB  - In this study language-disordered and nondisordered children viewed a nonverbal
      film, wrote the story, and narrated it to language-disordered and nondisordered
      peers who were unfamiliar with the film. The narratives were analyzed for the use
      of abstracts, orientations (background information), and codas. Language
      disordered children made fewer references to the orientation clauses of props and
      activities than nondisordered children. Neither group modified their language in
      the areas examined to take into account the communicative status of their
      listeners. Therapeutic implications for the language-disordered children are
      presented as are suggestions for future research.

PMID- 4057980
TI  - Relation between frequency selectivity and speech perception following glycerol
      induced cochlear changes.
AB  - Changes in auditory threshold, psychophysical tuning curves, and speech
      perception (in both quiet and noise) were monitored over a 3-hr period following
      the ingestion of glycerol. All listeners had sensorineural hearing loss secondary
      to Meniere's disease. Findings were characterized by large intersubject
      variability and in general did not show a clear relation between changes in
      threshold, frequency resolution, and speech perception.

PMID- 4057981
TI  - Acoustic and physiologic correlates of the voicing distinction in esophageal
      speech.
AB  - This study was designed to compare high- and low-intelligibility productions of
      /t/ and /d/ in esophageal speakers by using a combination of acoustic,
      perceptual, and physiologic measurements. Observations from these comparisons
      were incorporated into clinical strategies for modifying a single subject's low
      intelligibility utterances. Acoustic comparison indicated that esophageal
      speakers used voice onset and phonation off-times but not vowel durations to
      differentiate /t/ and /d/ in high-intelligibility productions. Intraoral pressure
      measures during /t/ and /d/ production demonstrated excessively high intraoral
      pressures in both consonants for a low-intelligibility speaker and did not
      suggest systematic differences in intraoral pressure between /t/ versus /d/. Two
      weeks of biofeedback treatment with a low-intelligibility speaker were associated
      with a reduction in intraoral pressures for /t/ and /d/ productions, improved
      intelligibility, and changes in acoustic characteristics for /t/.

PMID- 4057982
TI  - Effect of syllable stress and serial position on error variability in
      polysyllabic productions of speech-delayed children.
AB  - This study explored the effect of naturally occurring interactions of syllable
      stress and serial positions, found in polysyllabic words, on the variability of
      phonological performance of speech-delayed children. The subjects were 8 mild to
      moderately delayed children between the ages of 5:2 and 6:11 with a mean age of
      6:0. Continuous speech samples and nonimitated productions of polysyllabic single
      word utterances were recorded and analyzed for each child. Two phonological
      processes (syllable deletion and intervocalic consonant deletion) were related to
      specific syllable context conditions. Increased process use in syllables of
      reduced stress occurring early in a sequence was predicted by the production
      patterns of young children initially learning to say words. Syllables with
      reduced stress also were found to be associated frequently with atypical error
      productions.

PMID- 4057984
TI  - Iconicity and sign language: a reply to Lloyd, Loeding, and Doherty (1985)

PMID- 4057983
TI  - A pilot study of language facilitation for bilingual, language-handicapped
      children: theoretical and intervention implications.
AB  - Three Spanish-speaking (SS) and 3 English-Speaking (ES) preschool children served
      as subjects. One SS subject was diagnosed as having mild language delay, 1 as
      being language disordered, and 1 as having normal language. One ES subject was
      diagnosed as having mild language delay and 2 as having normal language. A within
      subject design wherein Condition A consisted of teaching receptive vocabulary in
      L1 (native language) followed by L2 (second language) and Condition B consisted
      of teaching receptive vocabulary in L2 followed by L1 was utilized. The sequence
      of conditions was ABBA for each subject. Analysis of each subject's trials to
      criterion for L2 in each condition indicated a strong tendency for recently
      learned receptive vocabulary in L1 to facilitate the learning of receptive
      vocabulary in L2. The results are interpreted as support for the practice of
      initial language intervention in L1 when bilingualism is a goal and for
      transference/facilitation theories of L2 learning.

PMID- 4057985
TI  - Another perspective on esophageal insufflation testing: a response to McGarvey
      and Weinberg (1984)

PMID- 4057986
TI  - Shell computer model of cardiac electropotential changes.
AB  - A discrete process computer model has been developed to simulate the
      electropotential changes of heart musculature and the operation of the cardiac
      conduction system. The model is implemented on an ICL-4/72 computer and is
      oriented to cardiac rhythm studies, allowing practically all rhythm pathologies,
      including pacemaker applications, to be simulated. The paper describes in detail
      the principles on which the model is based, compares the model with other models
      of the same system and shows concisely some results of simulation experiments in
      the form of computer generated ECG records.

PMID- 4057987
TI  - Influence of walking speed on gait parameters.
AB  - Modern three-dimensional gait analysis systems give information on joint angles
      and moments in the sagittal and coronal planes, for which normal ranges may not
      be readily available in the literature. Since patients with joint disease tend to
      walk slowly and with a short stride, it is essential that normal ranges for gait
      parameters should be defined with reference to speed of walking. This we have
      done using a population of 10 normal male subjects aged from 18 to 63 years,
      walking at speeds which range from very slow to very fast. The ranges of knee
      angle and moment are given, together with the changes in these parameters with
      walking speed. Peak knee flexion moment is strongly related to walking speed,
      whereas coronal plane knee angle is virtually independent of it. The stride
      length is probably the best basis for deciding the normal range for a particular
      measurement.

PMID- 4057988
TI  - Quantitative technique for bio-electrical spectroscopy.
AB  - Bio-electrical impedance measurements have been widely used for the study of body
      tissues. Apart from recordings of biophysical signals (respiration, perfusion,
      cardiac output, red cell settling, etc.) measurements of specific resistivity of
      a tissue provide information about its pathological state. Mapping electrical
      parameters will give more detailed information. The interpretation of recorded
      data and the design of equipment, both require a preliminary knowledge of the
      values encountered under normal and pathological conditions. The purpose of the
      technique described here is to determine the complex resistivity of breast tissue
      samples in vitro at frequencies between 0.5 kHz and 1 MHz. The equipment is
      described and the calibration procedure explained. A calculation of the final
      error interval is given. Characteristic spectra of modulus and phase angle
      recorded in normal and pathological breast tissue are shown. The technique can
      however be used for other body tissues, typical applications being fundamental
      tissue studies and a determination of the most suitable frequencies for use with
      impedance measuring devices. In clinical practice it could contribute to the
      determination of intra- and extracellular volume, the monitoring of transplanted
      organs and the examination of surgically treated tumours, and to any technique
      based on tissue characterization.

PMID- 4057989
TI  - Photoelectric transducer for measuring the length and diameter of elastic
      vessels.
AB  - This photoelectric transducer was developed to measure diameter and length
      variations in arterial segments in vitro and in elastic tubes. Its construction
      is simple, its nonlinearity small and its sensitivity adequate. The cut-off
      frequency is 300 Hz and its small phase lag changes linearly with frequency.

PMID- 4057990
TI  - Digital heart rate monitor derived from the arterial pressure pulse.
AB  - This monitor displays heart rate without the need for electrical contact with the
      experimental animal. The device uses a quartz pressure transducer connected to an
      arterial catheter and has a full scale accuracy of +/- 3 beats min-1; its range
      is 0-400 beats min-1. There is an output voltage proportional to heart rate and
      internal calibration facilities are provided at 60 and 360 beats min-1.

PMID- 4057991
TI  - Derby intramedullary nail--a biomechanical comparison.
AB  - This paper describes the design and function of the Derby intramedullary nail and
      its biomechanical testing, comparing it with the K nail and reamed unfractured
      femurs. The Derby nail is designed to transmit torsional loads and apply
      compression to the fracture site using a sliding proximal collar and distal
      extendable 'wings'. Femurs fixed with Derby, K and Zickel nails and AO plates
      were tested in torsion and the rotation and torsional load at failure recorded
      and compared with unfractured control femurs. The results show that the strength
      of the Derby nail in torsion is approximately equal to 4 times and the energy to
      failure 2.3 times that of the K nail.

PMID- 4057992
TI  - Legendre polynomial coefficients in the analysis of the force plate measurements
      from an osteoarthritic gait.
AB  - The assessment of force plate measurements obtained from subjects with a
      pathological gait is normally carried out by a visual inspection of the force
      time curves produced by the plate. It is shown that a valuable addition to that
      inspection is the derivation from the curves of Legendre polynomial coefficients,
      the first five coefficients being sufficient to indicate clearly, specific
      osteoarthritic abnormalities.

PMID- 4057993
TI  - Measuring the anorectal angle.
AB  - Lateral radiographs of the rectum and anus were taken in 90 children with chronic
      idiopathic constipation. A computer program was developed to obtain an objective
      quantitative assessment of the anorectal angle; it averaged 120 degrees at rest,
      decreased during forceful anal contraction and increased during defecation. It
      was noted that 24% of the children, when asked to defecate, decreased their
      anorectal angle as normally observed during forceful anal contraction and, that
      21% when asked to contract the anus, increased the angle as if they were
      defecating. This 'sphincteric disobedience' is probably of major clinical
      relevance to an understanding of the symptoms of these patients.

PMID- 4057994
TI  - Optical fibre plethysmograph.
AB  - We describe a method for obtaining blood volume information from the external
      jugular vein or carotid artery by means of an optical fibre transducer. The
      device may be used to obtain accurate predictions of the state of the cardiac
      cycle, thereby enabling a range of physiological measurements to be made. The
      transducer is entirely non-invasive and non-magnetic; it is extremely robust and
      is unaffected by the electrically and magnetically hostile environment created by
      an NMR scanner.

PMID- 4057995
TI  - Design and use of improved walking aids.
AB  - The design of crutches and walking sticks to assist the disabled has not varied
      much since their original conception, some 5000 years ago. From an engineering
      viewpoint one must consider crutches and walking sticks as dynamic mechanical
      systems which alleviate a disability; they may act as supports, help the user to
      recover from stumbling, or transmit from the arms, the energy required to lift
      the feet from the ground, an action not provided by artificial ankle joints. We
      describe some dynamic walking aids recently developed at the Instituto de
      Mecanica Aplicada, and discuss their design and our experience with their use.
      They are adjustable in height, shock absorbing and have non-slipping tips.
      Specially developed aids have been designed for children; they are versatile and
      their use has been made psychologically attractive.

PMID- 4057996
TI  - Monitoring kidney patients by syntactometric EEG analysis.
AB  - The EEG of seriously ill kidney patients reflects changes in their condition
      which can be measured quantitatively by a syntactic pattern recognition
      technique. 128 s of an EEG were sampled at 100 Hz and segmented into 4 sec
      blocks, each of which was labelled D (or d), T (or t), N (or n), S (or s), or B
      (or b) depending on the position of its main peak in the power spectrum: delta
      band (0-4 Hz), theta band (4-8 Hz), alpha band (8-12 Hz), sigma band (12-14 Hz)
      or beta band (over 14 Hz). The use of capital or small letters depends on the
      size of the peak A refinement of the method also takes into account the second
      largest peak. The distance of the resulting 32-character 'sentences' from a
      pattern is calculated using a string-to-string metric based on weighted
      insertions, deletions and substitutions (insertions and deletions are included to
      allow for artefacts detected in the signal). Elementary weights have been
      assigned on empirical medical grounds taking into account the neurological
      significance of the various spectral bands and their correlation with the levels
      of creatinine and urea in the bloodstream.

PMID- 4057997
TI  - Fast method for computing the Fourier integral transform via Simpson's numerical
      integration.
AB  - A new algorithm for computing the Fourier transform is described. The method is
      based on the calculation of the Fourier integral transform (FIT) with the aid of
      the numerical Simpson's integration technique. Compared to the conventional fast
      Fourier transform (FFT), the new SFIT algorithm, gives results which are much
      closer to the analytic Fourier transform for discrete signals. Especially in the
      calculation of the phase spectra considerable improvement is obtained. The N
      point SFIT can effectively be computed by using two N/2-point FFTs.

PMID- 4057998
TI  - Vibrational analysis.

PMID- 4057999
TI  - The effect of portacaval shunt on hepatic lipoprotein metabolism in familial
      hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - The hyperlipidemia observed in familial hypercholesterolemia can be reduced by
      portacaval anastomosis. We report the effects of a portacaval shunt on hepatic
      morphology and biosynthetic pathways crucial to hepatic cholesterol homeostasis
      in homozygous receptor-negative familial hypercholesterolemia. Portacaval
      anastomosis was associated with a dramatic change in hepatocyte morphology, 28%
      reduction in plasma low-density lipoprotein concentration, and a decrease in
      hepatic total and free cholesterol content by 27 and 75%, respectively.
      Furthermore, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase was decreased by 56%. Finally, the reduced
      binding of low-density lipoproteins to hepatic membranes preoperatively was
      increased following the portacaval shunt. These combined results indicate that
      the changes in circulating lipoprotein concentrations observed after portacaval
      shunt are due to alterations in the metabolic consequences of the defective
      recognition of low-density lipoproteins by the liver of familial
      hypercholesterolemic subjects.

PMID- 4058000
TI  - The effects of cardioplegia washout on myocardial preservation.
AB  - Preservation of the myocardium in vitro is more effective than preservation in
      vitro when preservation conditions are apparently the same. The washout of
      cardioplegia from the myocardium by noncoronary blood flow has been implicated as
      a probable cause of the poorer myocardial preservation seen in vivo. Isolated dog
      hearts were used to study the effects of cardioplegia washout by low flow
      perfusion (0.05 ml/min/g LV weight) during a 2-hr preservation period. Six
      experimental groups of five hearts each underwent 2 hr of myocardial preservation
      at temperatures of 20 degrees C (three groups) or 30 degrees C (three groups).
      The three groups for each temperature consisted of retrograde coronary sinus
      perfusion (to simulate cardioplegia washout by collateral flow) with blood
      cardioplegia (BC), normal blood (NB), or no perfusion at all (No CSP). The
      quality of preservation in each group was assessed by measuring recovery of left
      ventricular function, tissue water and electrolyte content, and myocardial high
      energy phosphate and adenylate content prior to, during, and following
      preservation. In hearts maintained at 20 degrees C, cardioplegia washout did not
      significantly affect left ventricular function or myocardial levels of H2O, Na,
      K, ATP, or total adenylates. When myocardial temperature was allowed to increase
      to 30 degrees C, preservation was better with low flow perfusion during the
      preservation period. Hearts warmed to 30 degrees C with no cardioplegia washout
      experienced a 50% loss of tissue ATP levels and recovered less than 30% of normal
      left ventricular function during a 150-min reperfusion period. In contrast,
      hearts slowly perfused during the preservation period maintained nearly normal
      levels of ATP and returned to normal function by 150 min of reperfusion. Although
      myocardial warming by noncoronary perfusion has a detrimental effect on
      myocardial preservation, the slow washout of cardioplegia per se has no apparent
      detrimental effect on preservation.

PMID- 4058001
TI  - Phase-related changes in tissue energy reserves during hemorrhagic shock.
AB  - In view of the well-known fact that the liver is more sensitive to ischemia than
      skeletal muscle, it was the purpose of the present study to determine the
      relationship between the hemorrhage-induced changes in plasma glucose and lactate
      concentrations and the status of the energy reserves of these two tissues.
      Sprague-Dawley rats were bled to a constant mean arterial blood pressure of 40 mm
      Hg and held there by removal or reinfusion of blood. The stages of shock defined
      on the basis of the net blood loss were early compensatory, maximal compensatory,
      early decompensatory, and late decompensatory phases. The results showed a
      depletion of hepatic ATP levels which occurred between the early compensatory and
      maximal compensatory phases of shock, coincident with the most dramatic increases
      in plasma glucose and lactate seen during the shock protocol. Hepatic ATP levels
      fell no further through the decompensatory phases of shock while plasma glucose
      declined to hypoglycemic levels and plasma lactate was maintained at the same
      high level attained at the maximal compensatory phase. Since hepatic sources of
      glucose were exhausted by the maximal compensatory phase and hepatic energy
      stores were depleted to a point which precludes significant gluconeogenesis, the
      large increase in plasma lactate was probably largely due to loss of the hepatic
      "sink" for lactate during this phase of shock. In contrast to the liver, soleus
      muscle showed no change in the levels of glycogen, ATP, CrP, free creatine, or
      total creatine compared to time-matched controls in any phase of hemorrhagic
      shock suggesting the absence of significant muscle ischemia. The possibility that
      red skeletal muscle may act as a "sink" for lactate is considered.

PMID- 4058002
TI  - Stimulation of DNA synthesis in the rat liver during compensatory renal growth.
AB  - The stimulatory effect of a growing kidney upon the liver was studied in rats
      with renoportal anastomosis (RPA) and contralateral nephrectomy. DNA synthesis,
      mitotic activity, and index of growth in the renoprival kidneys were independent
      of the shunt. Hepatic uptake of [Me-3H]thymidine was increased in both RPA
      nephrectomized and sham-RPA-nephrectomized rats; however, in the latter group of
      animals the response was significantly greater. Results of the study suggest that
      stimulatory substance of renal origin is carried in the venous blood of a growing
      kidney. A nonspecific interaction between the renotropic and portal-borne
      hepatotrophic factors seemed to be responsible for stimulation of hepatic DNA
      synthesis. The study supports the view that mechanisms humoral in nature but not
      common promote reparative growth in different organs such as the liver and
      kidney.

PMID- 4058003
TI  - Effects of synthetic blood and crystalloid cardioplegic solutions on coronary
      endothelium: an experimental scanning electron microscope study.
AB  - In an experimental study the effects of Fluosol DA (added with potassium
      chloride) on the vascular interface and endothelial cells were compared to those
      of crystalloid potassium cardioplegic solution using scanning electron
      microscope. Twenty rabbits (10 in each group) were sacrificed, the hearts with
      ascending aorta were immediately excised, and cold oxygenated solution was
      infused via a cannula inserted into the cross-clamped aorta. The hearts were left
      immersed in the perfusion medium for 2 hr. In the Fluosol DA group endothelial
      cover and endothelial cells were normal or minimal changes were seen in seven
      cases. Occasional breaking of intercellular attachments, small areas of denuded
      flow surface, and disappearance of microvilli were seen in three cases. In the
      crystalloid potassium cardioplegic group 7 of the 10 cases showed moderate or
      severe damage with large areas of denuded flow surface. The present experimental
      protocol represented an extreme situation where no collateral coronary blood was
      present. The coronary endothelial damage was obvious after the crystalloid
      potassium cardioplegic solution. Similar damage was not found following Fluosol
      DA infusion.

PMID- 4058004
TI  - Murine neutrophils collected from subcutaneously implanted sponges.
AB  - Polyvinyl sponges implanted subcutaneously in mice were used as a source of
      murine neutrophils (PMNs). Yield of PMNs from sponges averaged 6.3 X 10(5) PMNs
      per mouse and viability of sponge PMNs was 96.5%. These results were comparable
      to the yield and viability of PMNs harvested from peripheral blood. The
      chemotactic activity of sponge PMNs was significantly greater than the
      chemotactic activity of peripheral blood PMNs (chemotactic index of 4.78 +/- 1.66
      in sponge PMNs versus 2.16 +/- 1.08 in peripheral blood PMNs, P less than 0.001).
      The difference in chemotactic activity was not attributable to hypotonic injury
      of PMNs nor the presence of soluble factors in sponge fluids. Phagocytic activity
      of sponge PMNs was comparable to the activity of blood PMNs (mean of 31.3 +/-
      16.4% phagocytic cells for sponge PMNs versus 33.0 +/- 23.9% for blood PMNs). In
      addition, the number of fluorescent spheres ingested by sponge PMNs was not
      different (mean of 2.81 +/- 0.86 in sponge PMNs versus 2.65 +/- 0.68 spheres per
      cell for blood PMNs). These studies indicate that subcutaneously implanted
      sponges can be used as a source of functioning murine PMNs.

PMID- 4058005
TI  - Plasma fibronectin metabolism during hemorrhagic shock and starvation.
AB  - In this report we characterize the response of the plasma protein fibronectin to
      hemorrhagic shock and starvation, conditions associated with decreased function
      of mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). Rats were starved for 3 days, then half of
      the animals were subjected to fixed-volume hemorrhagic shock by removing an
      estimated 35% of their blood volumes for 20 min. After volume replacement,
      animals were injected iv with [14C]valine. At time points up to 10 hr after
      hemorrhage, plasma fibronectin concentrations and fibronectin synthesis were
      quantitated. In additional rats treated identically, fibronectin clearance was
      assessed by measuring the disappearance of 125I-fibronectin from the plasma. When
      compared to control animals, either starvation or hemorrhagic shock produced
      similar perturbations in plasma fibronectin metabolism; fibronectin
      concentrations were reduced from 241.3 +/- 34.6 micrograms/ml (mean +/- SEM)
      (controls) to 123 +/- 32.6 micrograms/ml (starvation) or 150.0 +/- 13.0
      micrograms/ml (hemorrhage). Plasma [14C]fibronectin specific radioactivities,
      indicative of fibronectin synthesis, were also significantly reduced. Hemorrhagic
      shock in rats that previously had been starved did not depress fibronectin
      concentrations or synthesis to a greater extent than starvation alone. The rates
      of 125I-fibronectin clearance were increased in starvation and hemorrhagic shock
      (t1/2 = 233.0 +/- 13.0 min, controls; 174.6 +/- 10.7 min, starvation; 167.4 +/-
      13.6 min, hemorrhage). In contrast to changes observed in fibronectin metabolism,
      total plasma protein concentrations were not significantly altered in any
      experimental groups. Furthermore, total plasma protein synthesis increased in
      rats subjected to either starvation or hemorrhagic shock, but decreased in
      starved rats that were subsequently shocked.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4058006
TI  - Current management of renal calculi.

PMID- 4058007
TI  - Evolution of toe-to-hand transfer.

PMID- 4058008
TI  - Specialized management of the Alzheimer's disease patient: does it make a
      difference? A preliminary progress report.

PMID- 4058010
TI  - The International Study Group for Steroid Hormones. XII meeting (Rome, 2-4
      December 1985). Abstracts.

PMID- 4058009
TI  - Warning signs unheeded.

PMID- 4058011
TI  - Vagal role in potentiation by Ca2+ ions of the action of cardiac glycosides on
      the atrial specialised tissue.
AB  - The combined effects of digoxin and hypercalcaemia were studied in the canine
      heart in situ on the sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes.
      Measurements were made of heart rate, of conduction time in the AV node by the
      endocavitory recording of the His bundle potentials, and of the effective
      refractory period of this node by the extrastimulus method. In the presence of
      acetylcholine released by vagal endings or infused into the coronary blood, an
      increase in plasma calcium concentration from 2.50 to 4.60 mmol/l after a 80
      micrograms/kg dose of digoxin considerably depressed conduction in the AV node
      and automatism in the SA node. In the absence of acetylcholine, no bradycardia
      occurred under the influence of digoxin alone or digoxin and hypercalcaemia, and
      hypercalcemia enhanced to a lesser extent digoxin-induced depression of
      conduction in the AV node. These results evidence a potentiation by acetylcholine
      of the combined effects of digoxin and hypercalcaemia on the SA and AV nodes.

PMID- 4058012
TI  - Doxorubicin pharmacokinetics in the rabbit.
AB  - The levels of doxorubicin, doxorubicinol and DOX aglycone achieved in plasma,
      urine and feces after i.v. administration of doxorubicin at 7.9 mg/kg into five
      New Zealand White rabbits were determined by high-performance liquid
      chromatography and fluorometry. The parent drug was the major compound found in
      the plasma. Doxorubicinol and DOX aglycone only appeared in trace amounts in the
      plasma. The plasma disappearance curves were triphasic with mean half-lives of 2
      min, 18 min and 15 h for the alpha-, beta- and gamma-phases, respectively. Plasma
      protein binding was studied by ultracentrifugation and electrophoresis.
      Doxorubicin was mainly bound to albumin to an extent of 73.9%. The mean
      percentage of the administered dose excreted in the urine was 8.0%. Doxorubicinol
      and doxorubicin were the major compounds present in the urine with small amounts
      of DOX aglycone. Neither the parent drug nor any fluorescent metabolites were
      identified in the feces. The rabbit seems to be a good experimental model for the
      pharmacokinetics study of anthracyclines since the plasma and urine
      pharmacokinetics parameters and the extent of metabolism are similar in both
      humans and rabbits.

PMID- 4058013
TI  - Behavior and kainic acids differential behavioral and biochemical effects of
      kainic acid and allokainic acid injections in rats.
AB  - Using intraperitoneal injections, it was observed that kainic acid (KA) and its
      stereoisomer, allokainic acid (AKA), differ in their ability to produce wet-dog
      shakes (WDS), stereotypies and convulsions in Sprague-Dawley rats. KA induced
      this sequence of events for 5 hours after treatment while AKA had no effect even
      at much higher doses. On the other hand, both isomers induced sparring. KA caused
      also some significant changes in serotonin levels in hippocampus 6 days after
      injection while AKA did not. These findings suggest that WDS, stereotypies and
      convulsions depend on the position of the isopropenyl group in relation to the
      pyrrolidine ring of the molecule while sparring is not dependent on its spatial
      configuration.

PMID- 4058014
TI  - The chronotropic effect of adenosine and ATP in dogs. The antagonism by
      theophylline.
AB  - We analyzed the action of adenosine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on the
      chronotropism of the dog heart in situ. The compounds were administered either
      intravenously (i.v.) after bivagotomy and propranolol treatment, or intracoronary
      (i.c.) in the sinus node blood supply. Under these conditions the intervention of
      reflex reactions was eliminated, and a constant and dose-dependent negative
      chronotropic effect was obtained. From the dose-response curves the relative
      potencies of ATP and adenosine were calculated, and found to be similar for both
      routes of administration (potency ratio 0.77 (0.72-0.82) by i.v. administration,
      and 0.52 (0.36-0.78) by intracoronary administration). The effect was also
      mimicked by 2-chloroadenosine, (a long acting P1 agonist), and by 5'-adenylyl
      (beta, gamma-imido) diphosphonate, a non-hydrolysable ATP analog. The
      chronotropic effect of ATP and adenosine were not prevented by 1 mg/kg atropine
      intravenous. Theophylline, at 3 mg/kg i.v., shifted the dose-response curves of
      i.v. ATP and adenosine to the right, suggesting a competitive antagonism. At a
      dose of 6 mg/kg theophylline, the effects of i.c. adenosine were competitively
      blocked. Theophylline also antagonized, in a competitive manner, the hypotensive
      effect of the i.v. administration of both compounds. Our results suggest that the
      chronotropic effect of purine compounds in anaesthetized animals could be brought
      about by a specific purinergic theophylline-sensitive mechanism and not by direct
      vagal activation.

PMID- 4058015
TI  - A lung perfusion technique for the detection of antigenic intrapulmonary
      bronchoconstriction and its mediation.
AB  - A guinea pig intraluminal perfusion model was used to assess the effects of
      antigen challenge of airway reactivity and its pharmacologic modulation.
      Increases in airway perfusion pressure, following antigen provocation, could be
      reproduced 60 min later without significant modification of the response. We
      found no change in lung volume nor observed tissue edema following antigen
      provocation, and suggest that rises in perfusion pressure are due to decreases in
      airway caliber. Pharmacologically, the antihistamines, mepyramine and
      chlorpheniramine, and the antiallergic agent, disodium cromoglygate (DSCG),
      failed to inhibit antigenic bronchoconstriction. Indeed, mepyramine produced some
      potentiation of allergic bronchospasm. Compounds reported to inhibit 5
      lipoxygenase (phenidone, benoxaprofen, and noradihydroguiaretic acid (NDGA)) or
      antagonize SRS-A (FPL 55712), produced inhibition of antigen-induced
      bronchoconstriction. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, produced
      biphasic modulation of antigenic bronchoconstriction, potentiation at low doses,
      and inhibition at high concentrations. Overall, drug-induced modulation of
      allergic bronchoconstriction suggests that this model more closely resembles the
      antigenic reactions observed in the parenchymal strip preparation than in the
      trachea.

PMID- 4058016
TI  - An isocratic reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for
      adenine nucleotides in rat liver.
AB  - An isocratic, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for
      adenine nucleotides was developed and validated for rat liver. The hepatic
      concentration of adenine nucleotides was shown to be dependent on the method used
      to obtain the liver sample. The recovery of nucleotides was greater than 90%. The
      method has the advantages of being specific, fast, and low cost.

PMID- 4058017
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of ethanol and acetaldehyde in blood with
      minimal artifactual acetaldehyde formation.
AB  - A gas-liquid chromatographic procedure utilizing headspace gas analysis is
      described for the determination of ethanol and its metabolite, acetaldehyde, in a
      100-microliters sample of blood from the rat, guinea pig, sheep, or human.
      Artifactual formation of ethanol-derived acetaldehyde is minimized during sample
      preparation by using a chemical solution containing perchloric acid and sodium
      azide in saline, and thiourea. Aqueous standards of ethanol and acetaldehyde are
      used to calibrate the procedure, and 1-propanol is used as the internal standard
      of the method. The recovery of ethanol and acetaldehyde from spiked blood samples
      is quantitative and reproducible, with a within-day coefficient of variation of
      less than 7% for ethanol and less than 9% for acetaldehyde. The lower limit of
      quantitative sensitivity is 0.006 mg/ml ethanol and 0.10 microgram/ml
      acetaldehyde. The instrumental analysis time is less than 3 min, which enables
      high sample throughput.

PMID- 4058018
TI  - A simplified liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection method for
      measurement of plasma noradrenaline.
AB  - A simplified, sensitive, and reliable method for the determination of
      noradrenaline (NA) in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography and
      electrochemical detection is described. Investigations on the stability of NA in
      plasma and whole blood have effected an improvement in the method for collection
      and extraction of NA from plasma. Recycling the mobile phase and the elimination
      of the addition of antioxidants during the alumina extraction has resulted in
      savings in the costs of reagents and assay preparation time while retaining a
      recovery rate of 60% and improving detector response. The sensitivity of the
      assay for NA was 20 pg/ml of plasma using carbon paste prepared in the
      laboratory.

PMID- 4058019
TI  - On the optimality of coarse behavior rules.
AB  - Animal behavior can be characterized by the degree of responsiveness it has to
      variations in the environment. Some behavior rules lead to fine-tuned responses
      that carefully adjust to environmental cues, while other rules fail to
      discriminate as carefully, and lead to more inflexible responses. In this paper
      we seek to explain such inflexible behavior. We show that coarse behavior,
      behavior which appears to be rule-bound and inflexible, and which fails to adapt
      to predictable changes in the environment, is an optimal response to a particular
      type of uncertainty we call extended uncertainty. We show that the very
      variability and unpredictability that arises from extended uncertainty will lead
      to more rigid and possibly more predictable behavior. We relate coarse behavior
      to the failures to meet optimality conditions in animal behavior, most notably in
      foraging behavior, and also address the implications of extended uncertainty and
      coarse behavior rules for some results in experimental versus naturalistic
      approaches to ethology.

PMID- 4058020
TI  - Interaction energy studies of an antimetabolite 8-azaguanine during
      transcription.
AB  - The possible incorporation of 8-azaguanine during transcription has been examined
      in the light of the model of transcription developed earlier by Sanyal et al.
      Electrostatic energy of interaction has been calculated for the nucleoside
      analogue (8-azaguanine) base for the entire space inside the deep groove of the
      DNA double helix. The interaction energy values and the location of the possible
      sites of association are compared with the recommended configurations of RNA
      transcription. It is concluded that 8-azaguanine is capable of replacing guanine
      during transcription. These conclusions are in general agreement with the
      experimental results.

PMID- 4058021
TI  - Conformational mobility of proteins and activation energy of enzymatic charge
      transfer reactions: an analysis in dielectric formalism.
AB  - In calculating the medium reorganization energy and the activation energy of
      charge transfer enzymatic reactions, an allowance is made for the enhanced
      conformational mobility of the protein external region. The two-layer model is
      proposed, the outer layer having a higher static dielectric constant. The
      calculations show that the higher mobility in the outer layer causes some
      quantitative rather than qualitative changes. The main result obtained earlier is
      confirmed: the reorganization energy for charge transfer reaction in protein
      globule is much lower than in water and for this reason the activation energy
      also decreases. The higher dielectric constant of the outer layer somewhat
      favours the introduction of charge into active site and hence favours the natural
      selection of proteins as enzymes. This effect cannot exclude the necessity of
      other factors stabilizing ionic forms inside the protein globule. Freezing of
      conformational mobility (say, at low temperatures) hinders the charge transfer
      process as a consequence of the difficulty in equalizing the initial and final
      energy levels.

PMID- 4058022
TI  - The search for functional correspondences in molecular structure between two
      dissimilar molecules.
AB  - Where structural similarities between molecular ligands are suspected in
      competitive binding, these similarities may be represented by a set of
      correspondences between analogous ligand points in the two molecules. This paper
      describes an algorithm which searches through all possible sets of this form, to
      find the one which gives the best geometric fit between matched points. Two
      parameters are supplied to the algorithm, giving the number of correspondences
      required and the tolerance permitted in the fit. A tree-search technique is used,
      and methods are described which prune the tree and thus limit the search. The
      marine neurotoxins, saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin, are used to test a computer
      implementation of the procedure.

PMID- 4058023
TI  - Further implications of the territorial effects of genes: chromosomal
      translocation and oncogene activation.

PMID- 4058024
TI  - Genetic code redundancy and the evolutionary stability of protein secondary
      structure.
AB  - The genetic code has an inherent bias towards some amino acids because of the
      variable number of synonymous codons per amino acid. The extent to which these
      biases are expressed in protein secondary structure is described through the
      analysis of the overall amino acid compositions of the alpha-helix, beta-sheet,
      beta-turn and random coil segments elucidated by X-ray crystallography. Given the
      concept of neutral mutation in proteins, the allocation of synonyms in the
      genetic code appears to protect secondary structures from amino acid changes and
      discourages the appearance of chemically complex residues. The level of
      protection is similar for each structural form, despite their clear preferences
      for certain amino acids. The organization of the code is therefore relevant to
      the preservation of conformation seen in the evolution of many protein families.

PMID- 4058025
TI  - Theorems on log-convex disposition curves in drug and tracer kinetics.
AB  - Conventionally, analysis of the dynamic behaviour of substances in the whole
      organism is based on the multiexponential paradigm (compartmental model).
      Alternatively the use of power functions has been proposed. In this paper a
      unified view is developed investigating the implications of observed log
      convexity of disposition (clearance) curves. Using a non-compartmental approach
      it is proved that the disposition residence time distribution corresponding to a
      log-convex impulse response (blood concentration-time curve) belongs to the DFR
      (decreasing failure rate) class, implying that (1) the disposition curve has an
      exponential tail and (2) the relative dispersion of residence times is greater
      than or equal to one. This class of disposition curves includes multiexponential
      and power functions as special cases. In terms of the underlying biophysical
      principles the DFR property is discussed as a consequence of a dominant role of
      passive distribution processes of particles in the organism. The paper also deals
      with the corresponding properties of a recirculatory model using renewal
      theoretic concepts.

PMID- 4058026
TI  - Mate choice, monogamy and mutational load.
AB  - The classical Haldane mutational load for dominant mutations is 1 - e-alpha
      (where alpha = the mutation rate of the genome). This is independent of the
      fitness of the mutant heterozygotes. As alpha may be between 0.9 and 1.8 this may
      be too high for low fecundity species to bear. The load may be greatly reduced
      for mildly deleterious mutations if female choice (for males with few or no
      mutations) is present in a polygamous species. It is shown here that if females
      and males prefer partners with few or no mutations then the load may also be
      reduced in monogamous species. As in the polygamous model the effect is greatest
      if mutations are mildly deleterious.

PMID- 4058027
TI  - A simple model for the spatial spread and control of rabies.
AB  - A simple mathematical model for the spatial spread of rabies is presented. It
      models the dynamics of the front of an epizootic wave. We show how the model can
      be used to estimate the minimum width (in kilometers) of a break, that is, a
      region in which a control scheme is employed in order to stop the spatial
      progression of the rabies wave front. A simple expression is derived for the
      surviving fox population, after the passage of the epizootic, in terms of
      measurable parameters of the model.

PMID- 4058028
TI  - Deregulation of immunoglobulin expression: is this the main cause of Burkitt's
      lymphoma?
AB  - We here examine the role of c-myc in the aetiology of Burkitt's lymphomas. We
      suggest that c-myc causes cellular clones to become immortal while the
      deregulation of cell multiplication is the consequence of an altered production
      and/or structure of immunoglobulin chains caused by the 8-14, 8-2 or 8-22
      translocations. Data relative to other immunoproliferative disorders are
      consistent with the hypothesis that the immunoglobulins play a key role in the
      regulation of the multiplication of lymphocytic cells.

PMID- 4058029
TI  - The bhopalator: a molecular model of the living cell based on the concepts of
      conformons and dissipative structures.
AB  - A molecular model of the living cell has been formulated based on a new theory of
      enzymic catalysis which takes into account the complementary roles of free energy
      and genetic information. The elementary units of free energy and genetic
      information that are necessary and sufficient for effectuating molecular
      mechanisms responsible for the life of the cell are called conformons. Conformons
      are visualized as a collection of a small number of catalytic residues of enzymes
      or segments of nucleic acids that are arranged in space and time with appropriate
      force vectors so as to cause chemical transformations or physical changes of a
      substrate or a bound ligand. So defined, conformons provide a plausible molecular
      means to link the genetic information stored in DNA and its ultimate expression,
      namely networks of coupled intracellular biochemical reactions and physical
      processes maintained by a continuous dissipation of free energy--dissipative
      structures of Prigogine. The proposed model of the living cell appears to possess
      the potential for bridging the gap between molecular biology and the biology of
      multicellular systems.

PMID- 4058030
TI  - Eukaryotic oligomer frequencies are correlated with certain DNA helical
      parameters.
AB  - Nucleotide sequences were converted into purine (R)-pyrimidine (Y) series and
      divided into several groups, embracing higher and lower organisms. The
      frequencies of R-Y doublets, triplets and quartets in each were calculated.
      Whereas eukaryotes uniformly show RR + YY greater than RY + YR, in bacteria and
      phage no such relationship is observed. The triplet and quartet patterns in
      higher organisms differ from those seen in prokaryotes. In the higher organisms a
      correlation is observed between the frequencies of triplets and quartets and some
      DNA structural parameters. Specifically, the most frequent triplets are those
      with minimal torsion angle deviations from a regular B-DNA. The most frequent
      quartets are those with minimal roll angle deviations. No such correlations are
      observed in prokaryotes. We therefore propose that in eukaryotic DNA, tight,
      smooth packaging imposes sequence constraints.

PMID- 4058031
TI  - Anti-implantation activity of the fruit of Lagenaria breviflora Robert.
AB  - The fruit of Lagenaria breviflora Robert (Adenopus breviflorus Benth) family
      Cucurbitaceae used by natives as an abortifacient in Nigeria, was investigated
      for anti-implantation activity. The ethyl acetate extract of the whole fruit and
      methanol extract of the seed were very toxic to rats. Using ten female virgin
      albino rats for each extract, the World Health Organization special protocol and
      doses on a moisture-free basis: 20 g/kg whole fruit methanol extract gave 60%
      anti-implantation activity, 2.5 g/kg fruit pulp gave 80% and 5 g/kg fruit pulp
      gave 100% activity while 2 g/kg seed also gave 100% activity but four of the rats
      died. Statistical evaluation of the data showed that the results were
      significant.

PMID- 4058032
TI  - The traditional therapeutic system in Morocco.
AB  - We are attempting here a study of the traditional therapeutic system in Morocco.
      This body of knowledge is split between two cultural identities: the inheritance
      from classical Arabic medicine, and the ante-islamic tradition, now joined with
      Western medicine. These three elements complement and confront each other at all
      levels of social reality.

PMID- 4058033
TI  - Some visual effects caused by the beverage kava.
AB  - Kava is a drink produced from the plant Piper methysticum and used as a social
      and ceremonial beverage on many South Pacific islands. Visual functions were
      measured in one subject following the taking of this drink. A reduced near point
      of accommodation and convergence, an increase in pupil diameter and disturbance
      to the oculomotor balance were noted. No changes were recorded in visual or
      stereoacuity or in ocular refractive error.

PMID- 4058034
TI  - Screening of Trichosanthes kirilowii, Momordica charantia and Cucurbita maxima
      (family Cucurbitaceae) for compounds with antilipolytic activity.
AB  - Saline extracts of Trichosanthes kirilowii root tubers and Momordica charantia
      seeds were subjected to differential acetone fractionation. The fraction that
      precipitated after addition of 0.8 vol. acetone was designated API, the fraction
      that precipitated after addition of another 1.2 vol. acetone was designated APII,
      and the fraction that precipitated after addition of another volume acetone was
      designated APIII. API, APII and APIII are fractions enriched with lectins,
      abortifacient proteins and saponins, respectively. T. kirilowii API and APII, and
      the purified lectin and abortifacient protein (alpha-trichosanthin), were devoid
      of any significant antilipolytic activity. M. charantia seed API and APIII
      inhibited hormone-induced lipolysis; the purified lectin and saponin similarly
      possessed antilipolytic activity. M. charantia seed APII and abortifacient
      proteins (alpha- and beta- momorcharins), however, lacked such activity. The acid
      acetone powder of M. charantia seeds and the acetone powder of M. charantia
      fruits also exhibited antilipolytic activity. However, the acetone powder of
      Cucurbita maxima fruits and seeds possessed neither antilipolytic nor lipogenic
      activity. The results indicated that M. charantia fruits and seeds contained
      components that resembled insulin in inhibiting hormone-induced lipolysis, and
      that compounds with antilipolytic activity were probably absent from T. kirilowii
      root tubers and C. maxima fruits and seeds.

PMID- 4058035
TI  - Studies of medicinal plants of Sri Lanka. Part 14: Toxicity of some traditional
      medicinal herbs.
AB  - Seventy five medicinal plants of the traditional Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of Sri
      Lanka have been screened chemically for alkaloids and pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Of
      these, Crotolaria juncea L. was found to contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids with
      biological effects consistent with pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity. Feeding
      trials in rats with three plants lacking pyrrolizidine alkaloids, namely Aegle
      marmelos (L.) Corr., Hemidesmus indicus (L.) Ait. F. and Terminalia chebula Retz.
      produced hepatic lesions which included central vein abnormalities while
      Terminalia chebula and Withania somnifera (L.) dunal produced marked renal
      lesions.

PMID- 4058036
TI  - Comparative merits of conventional, computed tomographic, and magnetic resonance
      imaging in assessing mediastinal involvement in surgically confirmed lung
      carcinoma.
AB  - Thirty-four patients with operable malignant tumors of the lung had computed
      tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the chest in addition to regular
      chest roentgenograms and bronchoscopy. The purpose of the study was to assess the
      extent of tumor involvement in the hilum and the mediastinum by direct invasion
      and by regional lymph node metastasis. At thoracotomy, 23 tumors were completely
      resected and 11 were treated by interstitial implantation of radioisotopes. In
      addition, a mediastinal lymph node dissection or sampling was performed to
      correlate nodal involvement with the preoperative studies. The tumor was
      peripheral in 21 patients and central in 13. Histologically, 18 tumors were
      adenocarcinomas, 14 epidermoid cancers, and two atypical carcinoids.
      Preoperatively, 18 tumors were classified as N0 disease, nine as N1, and seven as
      N2. Pathologically, 11 were N0, eight N1, and 15 N2. Plain chest roentgenograms
      correlated poorly with the nodal findings at operation. Both magnetic resonance
      and computed tomographic imaging were highly accurate in assessing the hilum and
      the presence of mediastinal adenopathy, with a sensitivity rate of 87%. Except
      for identifying contact with the mediastinum, neither method correlated well with
      mediastinal invasion when present (sensitivity rate 55% for computed tomography
      and 64% for magnetic resonance) and neither method could differentiate
      hyperplastic from metastatic nodes. Hence, no advantage of magnetic resonance
      over computed tomographic scanning was noted in assessing tumor involvement of
      the mediastinum by direct invasion or by regional lymph node metastasis.

PMID- 4058037
TI  - Transhiatal esophagectomy for benign disease.
AB  - Transhiatal esophagectomy without thoracotomy has been performed in 65 adult
      patients with dysphagia from benign esophageal disease: strictures (30),
      neuromotor dysfunction (24), acute iatrogenic perforation (five), acute caustic
      injury (four), and recurrent gastroesophageal reflux (two). Nearly 70% (45) had
      undergone at least one prior esophageal operation, and 26% (17) had a history of
      between two and four esophageal operations. The esophagus was replaced with
      stomach in 53 patients (82%), colon being used only when there was a history of
      either prior gastric resection or caustic injury to the stomach (10 patients).
      Intraoperative blood loss averaged 1,050 ml. Intraoperative complications
      included pneumothorax in 38 patients (58%) and a tracheal laceration in one
      patient. Postoperative complications included transient recurrent laryngeal nerve
      paresis (11 patients, 17%), chylothorax (four patients, 6%), anastomotic leak
      (four patients, 6%), and small bowel obstruction (two patients). There were five
      hospital deaths (8% mortality), none related to the technique of esophagectomy.
      Follow-up ranges from 1 to 84 months (average 28 months). Of 46 patients with a
      cervical esophagogastric anastomosis in the original esophageal bed, 42 have had
      an excellent functional result although 17 have required at least one
      postoperative esophageal dilation. Two have developed true anastomotic
      strictures. Clinically significant gastroesophageal reflux has not occurred.
      Transhiatal esophagectomy for benign disease is feasible and safe, even after
      multiple previous esophageal operations. The stomach appears to be a better
      visceral esophageal substitute than colon, because it allows an initially easier
      technical operation and superior long-term functional results.

PMID- 4058038
TI  - Concomitant cardiac and pulmonary operations.
AB  - From 1965 through 1983, 43 patients underwent concomitant cardiac and pulmonary
      procedures at our institution. Most patients presented with cardiac symptoms and
      were incidentally found to have a roentgenographically indeterminate lung nodule.
      The pulmonary diagnosis of 38 patients was unknown preoperatively, and nine of
      these had a malignant lesion. All 43 cardiac procedures necessitated
      extracorporeal circulation. Thirty-one patients had benign pulmonary disease, 10
      had bronchogenic carcinoma, and two had metastatic carcinoma. Concomitant
      pulmonary procedures were performed via median sternotomy and included single
      wedge resections in 32 patients, lobectomy in seven, multiple wedge resections in
      three, and pneumonectomy in one. Most resections were performed either before or
      after institution of bypass, without systemic anticoagulation. Of the two
      operative deaths (4.6%), one was related to intraparenchymal pulmonary hemorrhage
      after multiple wedge resections during anticoagulation. Thus, pulmonary
      resections performed during anticoagulation may be associated with increased risk
      and probably should be avoided. The second death was cardiac in origin and not
      related to pulmonary resection. The remaining patients recovered uneventfully.
      Definitive correction of both cardiac and pulmonary disease can be performed at
      one operation via a single incision with safety and benefit to the carefully
      selected patient.

PMID- 4058039
TI  - Comparison of bioprosthetic and mechanical valve replacement for active
      endocarditis.
AB  - The choice between bioprosthetic or mechanical prosthetic valve replacement for
      active valvular endocarditis has been controversial. To establish the role of
      each, we reviewed the case histories of 185 patients who underwent valve
      replacement for active valvular endocarditis during the past 5 years. All
      patients had life-threatening, active bacterial endocarditis of a native or
      prosthetic valve. Group I (88 patients) had replacement with the Ionescu-Shiley
      pericardial valve and Group II (97 patients) with the St. Jude Medical valve. The
      male/female distribution, age range, and functional classification were the same
      in the two groups. Mean follow-up was approximately 20 months for both groups.
      Valve replacement was done because of native valve endocarditis in 76 patients in
      Group I and 49 patients in Group II. Of the remainder of the Group I patients,
      six had endocarditis of a bioprosthesis and six of a mechanical valve; of the
      remainder of Group II patients, 30 had endocarditis of a bioprosthesis and 18 of
      a mechanical valve. Early mortality was not significantly different between the
      two groups (14 deaths in each group). Of the 74 survivors in Group I, 15
      underwent valve reoperation, 10 because of recurrent endocarditis and five
      because of sterile perivalvular leakage. The frequency of reoperation was
      significantly different (p less than 0.01) from that in Group II, in which only
      five patients underwent valve reoperation, four for recurrent endocarditis and
      one for sterile perivalvular leakage. The actuarial rate for freedom from
      reoperation was also significantly higher in Group II patients; 94.6% were free
      from reoperation at 4 years compared to 75% at 4 years in Group I patients (p
      less than 0.01). The actuarial survival rate, which also differed significantly
      between groups, was 78.7% at 4 years in Group I and 87.4% at 4 years in Group II
      (p less than 0.05). Patients receiving a bioprosthesis for active endocarditis
      had a significantly higher reoperation rate and a significantly greater incidence
      of recurrent endocarditis (p less than 0.01). Therefore, we prefer to use a
      mechanical valve for valve replacement in most patients who have active
      endocarditis.

PMID- 4058040
TI  - Definitive operation for refractory cardiac tachyarrhythmias in children.
AB  - A total of 114 children (age range 4 months to 18 years) underwent definitive
      operation for life-threatening or incessant tachydysrhythmias resulting from
      accessory conduction pathways (Kent bundle) (79), atrial ectopic foci (18), or
      ventricular ectopic foci (17). Of the patients with the accessory pathway type of
      supraventricular tachycardia, 63.3% (50/79) had classical Wolff-Parkinson-White
      syndrome whereas 36.7% (29/79) had retrograde conduction only across the pathway.
      Locations of the pathways were as follows: left posterior 48.1% (38/79), right
      anterior or lateral 27.8% (22/79), posterior septal 16.5% (13/79), anterior
      septal 3.8% (3/79), and both right and left 3.8% (3/79). With increasing
      experience, the success rate (cure of tachycardia) improved from 85% in the first
      40 patients to 95% in the last 40 patients. One surgical death (1.3%) occurred
      secondary to a paradoxical air embolus. Atrial ectopic tachycardia was treated by
      cryoablation (nine), excision (one), combined excision and cryoablation (six),
      and atrial disconnection (two). The ectopic focus was located on the right atrial
      wall in 13 patients (72.2%) and cardiopulmonary bypass was required in eight
      (44.4%). The operation was successful in 89%; two patients with multiple ectopic
      foci continued to have uncontrolled tachycardia after the operation. Ventricular
      tachycardia presenting in the first 2 years of life was due to gross tumor in
      three cases (rhabdomyoma two, fibroma one) or microscopic hamartomatous change
      (Purkinje tumor) in five cases and was treated by excision alone or with adjuvant
      cryoablation. In four cases no tumor was found but the area of ectopic focus was
      successfully cryoablated. One child with diffuse endocardial tumor died of low
      cardiac output after the operation. Ventricular tachycardia in older children was
      localized to outflow patch aneurysms or other areas in the right ventricle
      following tetralogy of Fallot repair (three patients, treated by excision or
      cryoablation) and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (two patients,
      treated by right ventricular disconnection). We conclude that mapping and
      operation for supraventricular tachycardia resulting from accessory pathways are
      predictable and curative in a high percentage of patients. Atrial ectopic
      tachycardias are more difficult to precisely localize but can be cured by a
      combination of excisional and cryoablative techniques. Ventricular tachycardia in
      infants is lethal and is commonly due to ectopic foci or microscopic tumors that
      may not be apparent on preoperative angiography or echocardiography.
      Electrophysiologically directed operations in these patients can be lifesaving.

PMID- 4058041
TI  - Anatomic correction for complete transposition and double-outlet right ventricle.
AB  - Between February, 1981, and December, 1984, 30 patients underwent anatomic
      correction of transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum
      (n = 8), transposition with ventricular septal defect (n = 15), and double-outlet
      right ventricle with subpulmonary ventricular septal defect, the Taussig-Bing
      anomaly (n = 7). At operation, ages ranged from 18 hours to 6 years (mean 11.3
      months) and weights ranged from 2.6 to 16.4 kg (mean 6.1 kg). The group with
      transposition and intact ventricular septum on average was younger (mean 1.2
      months) and smaller (mean 3.5 kg) than the other two groups. Associated
      congenital heart defects were seen in 12 patients, including five with
      coarctation, three with multiple ventricular septal defects, two with right
      ventricular hypoplasia, two with juxtaposed atrial appendages, and one each with
      interrupted aortic arch, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and left ventricular
      outflow tract obstruction. All 10 patients who had undergone prior palliative
      operations had pulmonary artery banding. In addition, four of these patients had
      coarctation repairs, four had atrial septectomy, and one had systemic/pulmonary
      shunting. All recognized patterns of coronary anatomy were encountered. The aorta
      and pulmonary artery were side by side in 14 patients and anteroposterior in 16
      patients. The Lecompte maneuver to establish right ventricular-pulmonary arterial
      continuity was successfully used in 12 of 13 patients with anteroposterior great
      vessels but in none of those with side-by-side arteries. Seven patients had
      subvalvular right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, recognized either at
      operation (five) or postoperatively (two). This was responsible for death in
      three patients. The 30 day hospital mortalities were as follows: one death
      (12.5%) in the group with transposition and intact ventricular septum, six deaths
      (40%) in the group with transposition plus ventricular septal defect, and one
      death (14.3%) among patients with double-outlet right ventricle and subpulmonary
      ventricular septal defect; the overall mortality was eight deaths (26.7%). There
      have been no late deaths (mean follow-up 17.2 months). Ninety-five percent of the
      survivors are in New York Heart Association Functional Class I. Postoperative
      catheterization in 13 patients has shown normal left ventricular function, no
      coronary stenosis, and no aortic incompetence. Sixty-nine percent of these
      patients had clinically unsuspected gradients across the right ventricular
      outflow tract, which may be prevented by avoiding the Lecompte maneuver or the
      use of conduits.

PMID- 4058042
TI  - Surgical treatment of double-orifice mitral valve in atrioventricular canal
      defects. Experience in 25 patients.
AB  - Double-orifice mitral valve is an uncommon but surgically important condition.
      The experience in 25 cases of double-orifice mitral valve associated with
      atrioventricular canal defects was reviewed. This constituted 4.3% of the 581
      cases of atrioventricular canal defects operated upon between 1961 and July,
      1984. The combined mitral orifice area ranged from 85% to 91% of normal in those
      patients whose valves were sized intraoperatively. Ten associated cardiac defects
      were repaired in six patients. Of 23 patients having cleft mitral valve, 21 had
      partial closure of the cleft. There was one operative death (4.0%), which
      occurred early in the series in a patient in whom the tissue bridge was severed
      and massive mitral regurgitation resulted. In the remaining 24 patients the
      tissue bridge was left intact, and all survived operation. No patient had
      clinically significant mitral stenosis during a follow-up of 1 to 14 years (mean
      4.9 years). Two patients (8%) developed progressive mitral regurgitation and
      required mitral valve replacement 3 and 11 years postoperatively. One of these
      patients died and a second death occurred suddenly 2 years following operation.
      All survivors are in Functional Class I or II. The noncleft orifice of a double
      orifice mitral valve usually is competent and rarely requires closure. The cleft,
      because it constitutes a type of parachute (single papillary muscle) valve,
      should be closed partially so as to relieve valve incompetence without causing
      undue stenosis. The incidence of late development of mitral regurgitation is
      similar to that of atrioventricular canal without double-orifice mitral valve.
      Repair of atrioventricular canal associated with double-orifice mitral valve can
      be achieved with a low operative mortality and excellent late results.

PMID- 4058043
TI  - Bronchial compression by dilated pulmonary artery. Surgical treatment.
AB  - Bronchial compression by a dilated left pulmonary artery complicated the
      postoperative course in two infants: one after a Mustard operation for
      transposition of the great arteries, restrictive ventricular septal defect, and
      moderate pulmonary stenosis, the second after correction of tetralogy of Fallot
      with absent pulmonary valve. In both cases the bronchial compression was
      successfully treated by division of the left pulmonary artery and its
      prolongation by interposition of a conduit.

PMID- 4058044
TI  - Death and other events after cardiac repair in discordant atrioventricular
      connection.
AB  - The 1 month, 1 year, and 10 year actuarial survival rates after operation among
      99 consecutive patients with discordant atrioventricular connection who underwent
      intracardiac repair are 86%, 75%, and 68%, respectively. The hazard function of
      death declines rapidly after operation to reach a low level 6 months
      postoperatively, and it becomes indistinguishable from that of a matched general
      population by 4 years. Risk factors for premature death include double-outlet
      right ventricle, complete heart block preoperatively or developing
      perioperatively, very young or older (greater than 25 years) age, a high
      hematocrit value, and earlier date of operation. The last indicates improvement
      in results in recent years. Eleven (11%) of 99 patients had complete heart block
      preoperatively, and 23 (26% of 88) developed it perioperatively. Patients with
      discordant ventriculoarterial connection (i.e., corrected transposition) had a
      lesser probability of developing heart block after repair than did those with
      other ventriculoarterial connections. Seventeen (17%) patients required tricuspid
      (pulmonary venous) valve replacement or repair at the original intracardiac
      operation, and eight additional patients developed important incompetence after
      repair. Among the risk factors for incompetence was an Ebstein-like anomaly of
      the tricuspid valve. Reoperations (three) for conduit obstruction have been no
      more common than in patients with concordant atrioventricular connection. Fifty
      seven (81%) of 70 surviving patients are in New York Heart Association Class I
      and 12 (17%) in Class II. This, and the single-phase hazard function, indicate
      that the overall results of cardiac repair in patients with atrioventricular
      discordant connection could become excellent if the early risks were overcome.

PMID- 4058045
TI  - Sympathoadrenal function during cardiac operations in infants with the technique
      of surface cooling, limited cardiopulmonary bypass, and circulatory arrest.
AB  - The sympathoadrenal response to surface cooling, limited cardiopulmonary bypass,
      and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest was investigated in 22 infants undergoing
      correction of congenital heart defects. Surface cooling to 26 degrees C was
      associated with a significant rise in plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine
      levels. Both levels fell during the period of core cooling on bypass, presumably
      because of hemodilution. Following the period of circulatory arrest there was a
      rise in both catecholamine levels that correlated nonlinearly with the duration
      of circulatory arrest. The catecholamine levels remained high after rewarming
      until the chest was closed. The results suggest that this type of surgical
      procedure produces severe sympathoadrenal stress. The extremely high values found
      in the postarrest period in some patients, who had had a long period of arrest
      (greater than 40 minutes), may indicate hypoxic stress. The biological effect of
      high circulating plasma catecholamines during hypothermia is difficult to assess.
      The heart rate response to plasma catecholamine levels tended to diminish on
      cooling in our patients.

PMID- 4058046
TI  - Long-term comparative analysis of the Bjork-Shiley and Hancock valves implanted
      in 1975.
AB  - The long-term results in all patients undergoing isolated mitral, aortic, or
      double mitral-aortic heart valve replacement operated upon in 1975 has been
      retrospectively analyzed. A total of 153 patients received the standard Bjork
      Shiley (flat pyrolytic disc) mechanical prostheses and 150 patients received the
      noncomposite Hancock porcine xenograft. Overall operative mortality was not
      significantly different between groups. All patients receiving a Bjork-Shiley
      prosthesis, but none in the Hancock group, received long-term anticoagulant
      therapy. Medium and long-term actuarial survival rates (5 and 10 years
      postoperatively) were comparable for the two groups (88% for Bjork-Shiley and 84%
      for Hancock [NS] at 5 years; 86% for Bjork-Shiley and 80% for Hancock at 10 years
      [NS]). The incidence of systemic embolism was similar in the two groups (1.6% +/-
      0.4% per patient-year for the Bjork-Shiley group and 1.3% +/- 0.3% per patient
      year for the Hancock group [NS]). Also the incidence of endocarditis was similar
      (0.6% +/- 0.2% per patient-year for the Bjork-Shiley group and 0.8% +/- 0.3% per
      patient-year for the Hancock group [NS]). In the Hancock group the overall
      incidence of reoperations was significantly higher than in the Bjork-Shiley group
      (4.2% +/- 0.6% per patient-year versus 0.9% +/- 0.3% per patient-year (p =
      0.001). The major cause for reoperation in the Hancock group was primary tissue
      failure (3% +/- 0.5% per patient-year). In the Bjork-Shiley group the major cause
      of reoperation was valve thrombosis (0.5% +/- 0.2% per patient-year). Therefore,
      accepting the fact that other bioprostheses may behave differently from the
      Hancock noncomposite xenograft, we currently restrict our indications for valve
      replacement with bioprostheses.

PMID- 4058047
TI  - Rest and exercise hemodynamics following aortic valve replacement. A comparison
      between 19 and 21 mm Ionescu-Shiley pericardial and Carpentier-Edwards porcine
      valves.
AB  - When aortic valve replacement is performed in a patient with a small anulus,
      significant obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract may remain. Most
      prostheses are obstructive in the smaller sizes, and enlargement of the aortic
      anulus may be required to allow placement of a larger valve. To evaluate the
      hemodynamic performance of two commonly used tissue prostheses, the Ionescu
      Shiley pericardial and Carpentier-Edwards porcine valves, 22 patients with either
      the 19 or 21 mm size were electively studied at rest and after exercise at a mean
      of 15 months after operation. The resting mean transvalvular gradient for 19 mm
      Ionescu-Shiley pericardial valves (n = 7), 10.6 +/- 9.2 mm Hg, was significantly
      lower than that for 19 mm Carpentier-Edwards valves (n = 3), 33.3 +/- 2.1 mm Hg,
      p less than 0.01. Following exercise, the mean gradient for 19 mm Ionescu-Shiley
      pericardial valves rose only to 13.8 +/- 8.5 mm Hg. No exercise data were
      available for the 19 mm Carpentier-Edwards valve. Among patients with 21 mm
      Ionescu-Shiley pericardial valves (n = 7), the mean transvalvular gradient at
      rest was 5.6 +/- 9.5 mm Hg, not significantly different from that of patients
      with 21 mm Carpentier-Edwards valves (n = 5), 9.8 +/- 18.3 mm Hg. After exercise,
      the gradients rose to 16.0 +/- 10.0 mm Hg and 25.5 +/- 23.8 mm Hg for the Ionescu
      Shiley pericardial and Carpentier-Edwards valves, respectively (no statistical
      significance). Cardiac index was not different between groups. Gradients were not
      significantly higher in patients with body surface areas greater than 1.5 m2. It
      is concluded that the 19 and 21 mm Ionescu-Shiley pericardial valves possess
      excellent hemodynamics, even after exercise. This valve appears hemodynamically
      superior to the Carpentier-Edwards valve, particularly in the 19 mm size.
      Procedures to enlarge the aortic anulus are usually unnecessary when small
      Ionescu-Shiley pericardial valves are used, even in patients who have large body
      surface areas.

PMID- 4058048
TI  - Foregut cysts of the mediastinum. Results in 20 consecutive surgically treated
      cases.
AB  - Mediastinal cysts of foregut origin represent an important diagnostic group.
      Classified according to their anomalous embryonic origins, they include
      bronchogenic, esophageal, enteric, and nonspecific cysts. A series of 20
      consecutive surgically treated cases from the thoracic surgical service of a
      large medical center is reported, all successfully resolved without mortality.
      Described are 12 bronchogenic, four enterogenous, and four nonspecific cysts,
      occurring in a variety of thoracic locations. Close attention to symptomatology
      reveals a wide range of manifestations, from total absence of symptoms to life
      threatening respiratory distress. Definitive diagnosis was accomplished in some
      cases by means of noninvasive radiologic techniques, while angiography,
      bronchoscopy, and esophagoscopy were also useful in selected instances. Operative
      therapy consisted of complete excision if possible or partial excision if
      adhesion to intrathoracic bodies had occurred.

PMID- 4058049
TI  - Simultaneous operation for hydatid cysts of right lung and liver.
AB  - Hydatid disease is endemic in certain villages in Galilee, Israel. Most patients
      seen in our thoracic surgical department have only pulmonary cysts, but some of
      them have concomitant liver cysts. From 1963 until 1982, 10 patients who were
      referred for lung operations had echinococci removed from the liver through a
      right thoracotomy. Every patient with a suspected diagnosis of pulmonary
      hydatidosis had isotope and ultrasound scans of the liver. Liver cysts found
      adjacent to the right hemidiaphragm were removed at thoracotomy. Patients having
      liver cysts remote from the diaphragm were referred for laparotomy. There were no
      postoperative complications or deaths in this series. We advocate routine search
      for liver cysts in any surgical candidate with lung hydatids. Accessible liver
      cysts should be excised at the same thoracotomy. We did not find any mention of
      this approach in the literature available to us.

PMID- 4058050
TI  - Staged surgical treatment of early bacterial endocarditis after surgical repair
      of tetralogy of Fallot and discrete subaortic stenosis: report of a case.
AB  - An unconventional method of managing infection of the interventricular Teflon
      patch in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot is reported. The patch was initially
      replaced by a new patch. After reinfection, however, removal of the patch and
      pulmonary banding eradicated the infection, and at a later stage the defect was
      re-repaired successfully.

PMID- 4058052
TI  - The tragedy of tobacco.

PMID- 4058051
TI  - Benign bronchoesophageal fistulas.
AB  - Two cases of benign bronchoesophageal fistula are presented which are
      representative of both congenital and acquired forms. The presentation of this
      relatively rare condition is characterized by recurrent cough especially after
      drinking liquids and is easily diagnosed by esophagogram. A high index of
      suspicion is required in all cases of recurrent cough and lung suppuration in
      order for this condition to be recognized. Benign bronchoesophageal fistulas are
      rare but the symptoms are often classic and the diagnosis is made easily once
      proper investigation is undertaken. Bronchoesophageal fistulas may be either
      congenital or acquired, with the latter being more common. The treatment is
      usually straightforward and prognosis is excellent for long-term survival. We
      present two cases of benign bronchoesophageal fistula.

PMID- 4058053
TI  - Pleuroperitoneal shunt.

PMID- 4058054
TI  - Phrenic nerve paresis associated with the myocardial protection jacket.

PMID- 4058055
TI  - An in vivo steady-state method for the determination of catecholamine
      biosynthesis in the rat brain using high-performance liquid chromatography with
      electrochemical detection.
AB  - A technique is described for the measurement of steady-state catecholamine (CA)
      synthesis in the rat brain in vivo, using [3H]tyrosine incorporation with high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrochemical detection. Adult
      male rats chronically implanted with lateral intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.)
      cannulas, were injected i.c.v. with [3H]tyrosine. CA and tyrosine content and
      specific activity were measured in mediobasal hypothalamus, anterior hypothalamus
      and striatum. A time-dependent increase in CA synthesis occurred in all tissues
      over 20 min post-i.c.v. injection. The technique described may prove to be useful
      in the assessment of central neurotransmitter turnover in various physiological
      and pharmacological settings.

PMID- 4058057
TI  - Further improvement of the elgiloy microelectrode.

PMID- 4058056
TI  - The elgiloy microelectrode: fabrication techniques and characteristics.
AB  - A glass-insulated microelectrode made from elgiloy orthodontic wire, a stainless
      cobalt-chromium alloy containing 15% iron, was described by Suzuki and Azuma
      (1976). Here, we detail a set of modified electrode fabrication procedures,
      including techniques for hardening and etching the wire, specifying the size,
      geometry and exposure of the tip, and adjusting tip impedance over a wide range.
      Accurate insulation of the tip with molten solder glass produces microelectrodes
      suitable for extracellular recording from single or multiple units and
      simultaneous recording of evoked potentials. The finished electrode is tough
      enough to withstand multiple penetrations of the thickened, fibrous dura of the
      chronic monkey preparation. The iron content allows Prussian blue staining of
      marking lesions for histological verification of recording sites.

PMID- 4058058
TI  - A rapid, sensitive assay for glycine-directed amidating enzymes.
AB  - Current assays for glycine-directed, peptide-amidating enzymes have several
      shortcomings. In this report, we describe a rapid, sensitive microassay for
      amidating activity which overcomes these disadvantages. Tissue homogenates are
      incubated in the presence of D-Tyr-Val-Gly-OH and the product, D-Tyr-Val-NH2, is
      measured by radioimmunoassay using an antiserum with an affinity for the product,
      D-Tyr-Val-NH2 (Kaff 2 X 10(8) L/M), 4 orders of magnitude higher than for the
      substrate, D-Tyr-Val-Gly-OH (Kaff 4 X 10(4) L/M), and 3 orders of magnitude
      higher than for the deamidated product D-Tyr-Val-OH (Kaff 8 X 10(5) L/M).
      Addition of N-ethylmaleimide (0.5 mM) to the enzyme incubates prevents the
      degradation of D-Tyr-Val-NH2 and permits the measurement of enzymatic activity in
      crude homogenates. This assay is sensitive enough to permit the measurement of
      amidating activity in crude rat brain homogenates containing as little as 4-8
      micrograms protein.

PMID- 4058059
TI  - An inexpensive digital tape recorder suitable for neurophysiological signals.
AB  - Modifications are described which convert an inexpensive 'Digital Audio
      Processor' (Sony PCM-701ES), together with a video cassette recorder, into a high
      performance digital tape recorder, with two analog channels of 16 bit resolution
      and DC-20 kHz bandwidth. A further modification is described which optionally
      provides four additional 1-bit digital channels by sacrificing the least
      significant four bits of one analog channel. If required two additional high
      quality analog channels may be obtained by use of one of the new video cassette
      recorders (such as the Sony SL-HF100) which incorporate a pair of FM tracks.

PMID- 4058060
TI  - Recording electrophysiological data on video tape: a superior and less costly
      alternative to conventional tape recorders.
AB  - Electrical potentials recorded extracellularly from the sinus gland of the
      isopod, Oniscus asellus, were stored on video tape with the aid of a digital
      audio (DA) processor and a video cassette recorder (VCR). The DA processor
      transforms the analog signal to digital pulses of equal amplitude and converts
      these pulses into a television signal for recording on video tape. In playback,
      the DA processor reconverts the pulses to an analog signal with negligible
      distortion. When viewed on the oscilloscope screen, electrical potentials
      reproduced by this method were indistinguishable from electrical potentials
      recorded 'live' from the sinus gland. However, electrical potentials recorded
      from the same sinus gland and reproduced by a conventional FM tape recorder were
      easily differentiated from the 'live' recording. The special effects inherent in
      the VCR (e.g. stop action, frame advance) also permitted detailed analysis of
      spontaneously occurring electrical potentials. Special effects were not possible
      with the FM tape recorder. The price, ease of operation and ability to produce
      extremely high quality recordings, makes the DA processor and VCR an exceptional
      system for storing electrophysiological data.

PMID- 4058061
TI  - A simple, objective method to measure the activity of factors that promote
      neuronal survival.
AB  - The activity of factors that promote short-term neuron survival (neurotrophic or
      neuronotrophic factors) can be quickly and objectively determined by measuring
      the incorporation of radiolabelled leucine or methionine during the 24 h duration
      of the assay. Other types of radiolabelled small molecules, such as choline or 2
      deoxyglucose, can also be used but their signal/noise ratios are not as favorable
      under the optimal assay culture conditions. The neuronotrophic titers determined
      by amino acid uptake are the same as those estimated by microscopic counting of
      live and dead neurons.

PMID- 4058062
TI  - On-demand platform improves accuracy of the Morris water maze procedure.
AB  - In order to prevent chance finding of the hidden target in the Morris water tank
      task, the rigid underwater platform is replaced with a collapsible platform,
      resting at the bottom of the pool. A computerized videosystem tracks the rat's
      movement across the pool and raises the platform when the animal has stayed in
      the target area for a predetermined time. Acquisition of the task with the
      collapsible platform proceeds at a similar rate as with the rigid platform when
      the criterion conditions are easy (target distance 15 cm, target time 2.5 s), but
      gradually deteriorates when the target time increases to 10.0 s. Successful
      solution of the modified task requires accurate localization of the target under
      open loop conditions and is thus well suited for investigation of the fine
      structure of the cognitive maps and of their changes induced by lesions or drugs.

PMID- 4058063
TI  - Standardized nomenclature of the ventricular septum and ventricular septal
      defects, with applications for two-dimensional echocardiography.
AB  - The anatomy of the ventricular septum is reviewed, and ventricular septal defects
      are classified on the basis of their position and the presence or absence of
      septal malalignment. The standardized nomenclature for the various types of
      ventricular septal defects is presented, and analysis of these defects by two
      dimensional echocardiography is described.

PMID- 4058064
TI  - Revival of the transseptal approach for catheterization of the left atrium and
      ventricle.
AB  - Since 1980, use of the transseptal approach to catheterization of the left side
      of the heart has increased at our institution. In our experience, the transseptal
      technique has been used most commonly in adult patients with aortic stenosis, in
      whom the ease of access and the more reliable hemodynamics make it preferable to
      the retrograde approach. Several recent innovations in equipment and refinement
      of the transseptal technique have rendered it a safer procedure than was reported
      in earlier experiences. Specific precautions, however, should be observed in all
      patients in whom the procedure is attempted and particularly in those with
      conditions that distort the usual anatomy of the inferior vena cava or atrial
      septum. Transseptal catheterization is a versatile and relatively safe procedure
      when it is done by experienced personnel. Because we have noted fewer
      complications with prolonged experience, we recommend that the procedure be
      restricted to high-volume cardiac catheterization laboratories that are equipped
      with biplane fluoroscopy.

PMID- 4058065
TI  - Age and organ difference in amount and distribution of autofluorescent granules
      in rats.
AB  - The amount and distribution of autofluorescent granules in various organs and
      tissues of rats of different ages (2-, 11-, and 29.5-month-old) were compared by
      morphometrical analysis. The age-related increase of the granules was observed in
      the cardiac muscle and hepatic cells, but the amount of granules was little even
      in 29.5-month-old rats. In some other organs, the granules appeared early, at 2
      months of age, increased up to 11 months, but thereafter no significant increase
      was observed. The autofluorescent granules are not merely considered to be an age
      related pigment, but seems to be influenced by relationship to the cell
      metabolism and other functions.

PMID- 4058066
TI  - Probability of monozygotic twinning as a reflection of the genetic control of
      cell development.
AB  - The stability of the incidence of monozygotic twinning (MZT) suggests that its
      origin is genetically, rather than environmentally, controlled. Available data,
      though scant, supports our hypothesis that the MZT probability is (1/2)K, where K
      is a species-specific integer parameter. For humans MZT occurs in about four of
      1000 births, which is close to one occurrence in 2(8) births, i.e. K = 8. The
      environmental factors are not the cause of MZT, but may influence its expression.
      When this influence is in effect under some extreme experimental conditions the
      above form of MZT probability is observed. Binary structure of the MZT
      probability provides insight into genetic control mechanism of cell division.

PMID- 4058067
TI  - Total LD and isozyme variations during in vitro fibroblast aging with a
      discussion of its theoretical implication.
AB  - Dermal fibroblast cultures were obtained from 18 patients. Total lactic
      dehydrogenase (LD) and LD isozymes were determined after each population doubling
      (PD). The lactic dehydrogenase was assayed by the method of Wacker, Ulmer and
      Vallee. The isozymes were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Some investigators
      have reported conflicting results as to the quantity of LD produced during in
      vitro aging. These researchers sampled a small number of PDs. We found that the
      total LD varied with each PD. A distinct isozyme pattern has been described for
      adult, fetal and neoplastic fibroblasts. We have found all three patterns
      occurring during the in vitro aging of our normal diploid fibroblasts. In spite
      of our asynchronous population of cells the LD and its isozymes continually
      fluctuate. An asynchronous population of cells would be expected to produce a
      dampening of the total LD. In order to explain this finding we speculate a
      synchrony is established in a "gated" entrance from subcycle Gq into the S stage
      or from G1 and G0 into the S stage. In order to evaluate, accurately, changes
      occurring during in vitro aging it is imperative to assay each PD.

PMID- 4058068
TI  - Proliferative potential and DNA repair in lymphocytes from short-lived and long
      lived strains of mice, relation to aging.
AB  - The replicative capacity and DNA repair ability of spleen lymphocytes of young
      and old mice from short-lived and long-lived strains were studied. DNA repair
      after both UV- and gamma-induced damage was investigated. Proliferation after Con
      A decreased as a function of age in both mouse strains and paralleled an age
      associated decline in repair of DNA damage induced by either UV or gamma
      irradiation. Compared to the long-lived, the short-lived strain displayed an
      earlier impairment of both proliferative and repair potentials. DNA repair after
      gamma-induced damage only occurred if lymphocytes were stimulated to proliferate.
      Resting lymphocytes appeared unable to repair strand breaks. By contrast, DNA
      repair of UV-induced damage showed two components: one was dependent on the cell
      proliferative state, the other was not. Both components were stimulated or
      induced by mitogen. Resting lymphocytes were able to perform an appreciable
      amount of repair after UV irradiation. Our results suggest that resting or post
      mitotic cells possess a greater possibility to regulate repair of UV-induced than
      gamma-induced damage. We speculate that it may be the level of this proliferation
      independent, but mitogen inducible form of repair which correlates with maximum
      life-spans between species, thereby explaining why repair of UV- but not gamma
      induced damage reveals such a correlation.

PMID- 4058069
TI  - On the developmental properties and tissue interactions of hexokinase.
AB  - The interactions of the isozymes of hexokinase with cellular structure have been
      studied in the major tissues of the mouse during development. Overall, these data
      provide a clear indication that interactions between hexokinase and cellular
      structure are appreciable in all major tissues and at all stages of development,
      and an analysis of the isozyme status of the enzyme in both soluble and bound
      compartments has been effected. Further evidence in support of the already well
      documented interaction of hexokinase I to subcellular material in adult brain and
      kidney tissues is provided and extended to show that such interactions are
      extensive in both these tissues throughout development. In addition, evidence is
      provided that considerable hexokinase II activity is present in mouse foetal
      tissues in both the soluble and bound fractions and this isozyme is also shown to
      be the predominant "bound" form of the enzyme in adult skeletal muscle. By
      contrast, hexokinase III and IV are shown to be largely located in the cytosolic
      fraction of liver. The metabolic implications of these enzyme-structural
      interactions during development are discussed, as is the possibility of a
      functional linkage between hexokinase, which is bound to the mitochondria, and
      other enzymic components of the glycolytic sequence.

PMID- 4058070
TI  - The application of official policy. Prophylaxis recommendations for patients with
      mitral valve prolapse.
AB  - In 1977, the American Heart Association recommended that patients with mitral
      valve prolapse (MVP) and mitral insufficiency receive antibiotic prophylaxis
      prior to procedures that place them at risk for bacterial endocarditis. To study
      how clinicians conformed to this recommendation, the authors selected 126
      patients with MVP admitted to a University Medical Center in 1978, the year
      following the official policy. Overall, only 47 patients (37%) had the antibiotic
      prophylaxis recommended. Furthermore, information that might have increased the
      certainty of diagnosis of MVP or the likelihood of mitral insufficiency did not
      influence the physician's decision: symptoms, previous history, procedures, sex,
      evidence for mitral insufficiency, other serious illnesses, or the use of cardiac
      medications. However, patients seen in consultation by a cardiologist were much
      more likely to have prophylaxis recommended (P less than 0.05). It was concluded
      that the application of an official policy about prophylaxis for a condition such
      as MVP, where the risks are uncertain, is likely to be guided by other factors,
      such as the opinions of local experts.

PMID- 4058071
TI  - Physician and patient satisfaction as factors related to the organization of
      internal medicine group practices.
AB  - The present study compares patient satisfaction scores with job satisfaction
      scores of the physicians providing their care in 16 general internal medicine
      teaching hospital group practices. Practice sites with more satisfied patients
      were also more likely to have more satisfied housestaff and faculty physicians.
      Additionally, higher satisfaction scores for both physician groups and patients
      were consistently associated with a greater percentage of patients experiencing
      continuity of care, lower patient no-show rates, more efficient use of ancillary
      staff in providing direct patient care, and more reasonable charges for a routine
      follow-up visit. These findings suggest that improving physician and patient
      satisfaction may have economic as well as psychological and social benefits.

PMID- 4058072
TI  - Professional satisfaction and client outcomes. A comparative organizational
      analysis.
AB  - In studies of the effectiveness of health care organizations, the job
      satisfaction level of professional staff is often viewed as an "outcome," since
      providing a climate that satisfies participants' needs is one aspect of
      organizational effectiveness. Staff satisfaction, however, has not been linked
      with outcomes associated with clients. In this article, the authors examine the
      relationship between the aggregate job satisfaction level of nursing staff in 77
      family planning clinics and two client outcomes: the aggregate satisfaction level
      of teenage clients with contraceptive services obtained in the clinic, and the
      subsequent rate of client compliance with contraceptive prescriptions. Among the
      variables studied in testing an organizational-level model, it is found that the
      job satisfaction level of nursing staff is the strongest determinant of the
      aggregate satisfaction level of clients; client satisfaction level, in turn,
      predicts the rate of clients' subsequent contraceptive compliance. Staff
      satisfaction has a noteworthy indirect effect on compliance through client
      satisfaction. Compliance, however, appears to be more susceptible to variations
      in clinic structure than to variations in staff satisfaction levels. Implications
      of these findings for studies of effectiveness of health services and for
      management of health care organizations are discussed.

PMID- 4058073
TI  - Formal relationships among governing boards, CEOs, and medical staffs in
      independent and system hospitals.
AB  - This study examines the impact of hospital participation in multi-institutional
      arrangements on formal relationships between hospital governing boards and chief
      executive officers (CEOs) and between governing boards and hospital medical
      staffs. Hypotheses are derived from Mintzberg's general theory of organizational
      design and are tested using combined data from three American Hospital
      Association Surveys of nonfederal, short-term hospitals. Analysis results provide
      considerable support for the study hypotheses. CEOs were found in general to have
      more formal influence in decisionmaking but also were more likely to be held
      accountable for performance standards in those hospitals that are part of multi
      institutional arrangements. In addition, analyses using both 1976 and 1982 survey
      data indicate that hospital participation in multi-institutional arrangements is
      associated with lower levels of formal involvement of the medical staff in
      institutional decisionmaking. Relationships, for the most part, remain unchanged
      after the introduction of statistical controls for hospital size. One important
      issue raised by these findings is the possible impact on hospital performance of
      less participation by medical staff in the governance of hospitals whose boards
      are either responsible for multiple hospitals or accountable to higher
      organizational authority.

PMID- 4058074
TI  - Complete remissions in non small cell lung cancer.
AB  - We studied 241 patients with non small cell bronchogenic cancer who were treated
      with cisplatin and etoposide or cisplatin, etoposide and vindesine. There were 11
      (4.5%) complete responders in these series most of whom had a prolonged survival.

PMID- 4058075
TI  - Sequential methotrexate (MTX) and 5-fluorouracil (FU) in human tumor xenografts.
AB  - Human and animal tumor-lines heterotransplanted in nude mice were treated with
      MTX and FU sequentially. In order to investigate the relationship between tumor
      response and drug toxicity sequence, time and dose of both MTX and FU were
      varied. Pretreatment with MTX followed by FU with intervals of 3 or 24 h produced
      superior therapeutic results when compared to single administration of MTX or FU,
      simultaneous treatment, or the reverse sequence. In the MTX followed by FU
      regimen, dose reduction of either MTX or FU tended to decrease the anti-tumor
      effect. To investigate the toxic effects of different regimens, tumor-free nude
      mice were treated with MTX and FU the same way as the tumor-bearing animals. In
      this case, toxicity (weight loss, leukopenia) was more pronounced in those
      schedules with the best therapeutic results. However, toxicity appears to be more
      clearly related to the applied FU-dose.

PMID- 4058076
TI  - Cytogenetical changes during early stages of development of methotrexate
      resistance in HeLa cells.
AB  - HeLa cells cultured in ever-increasing doses of methotrexate (MTX) acquired
      resistance to this drug. Chromosomal changes occurring at early stages during the
      development of resistance to various doses (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.1, 3.0, 10.0
      and 100.0 micrograms/ml) of MTX included: (a) an increase in the percentage of
      hypertetraploid cells (greater than 92 chromosomes) at all doses, and most
      profoundly at 1.0, 2.1 and 3.0 micrograms/ml; (b) an increase in the percentage
      of cells with structural abnormalities; (c) a remarkable increase in the
      percentage of hypertetraploid cells containing dicentrics, particularly at MTX
      dose levels 0.5-3.0 micrograms/ml and (d) emergence of increasing numbers of
      double minutes per cell with increasing MTX doses. At dose levels 2.1 and 3.0
      micrograms/ml the modal chromosome number increased to 82, while at 0.1-1.0
      microgram/ml it was similar to the mode of sensitive HeLa (64, 66) and at 10.0
      and 100.0 micrograms/ml dropped to 62, 63. The results obtained suggest that
      polyploidization and formation of dicentrics are associated with the earlier
      stages of development of resistance to methotrexate.

PMID- 4058077
TI  - Intrahepatic and intravenous administration of adriamycin--a comparative
      pharmacokinetic study in patients with malignant liver tumours.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of adriamycin in patients with malignant tumours of the
      liver were studied after peripheral intravenous treatment and after regional
      administration of the drug either by the arterial route or by the portal vein,
      with or without hepatic artery ligation. The plasma concentration of adriamycin
      after intravenous as well as after intrahepatic administration followed a three
      compartment open model. The results in the present study confirm previous reports
      of a large inter-individual variation of the pharmacokinetics of adriamycin.
      After intravenous administration the individual variations in AUC/mg/m2 and
      Cp,max/mg/m2 (dose normalized area under plasma concentration time curve and dose
      normalized maximum plasma concentration, respectively) were more than 5-fold. The
      area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) was on the average 1.5 times
      higher after the peripheral intravenous administration than after intrahepatic
      administration. The reduction of maximum plasma concentration (Cp,max) of
      adriamycin after intrahepatic administration was even more pronounced than the
      reduction in AUC (mean value Cp,max iv/Cp,max ihep = 1.7). The plasma
      concentration of adriamycinol did not exceed 20 ng/ml. The AUC values of
      adriamycinol were 20% (median value) of the AUC values of adriamycin, indicating
      the importance of adriamycinol in the adriamycin therapy.

PMID- 4058078
TI  - Sequential treatment of metastatic breast cancer with tamoxifen after megestrol
      acetate therapy and vice versa (a retrospective study).
AB  - The progestin megestrol acetate and the anti-estrogen tamoxifen are used as
      effective drugs in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and have few side
      effects. The sequence and indications for use in practice still need to be
      defined. Of 219 postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer and
      measurable lesions, 136 were treated with megestrol acetate (MA) per os (180 mg
      daily) and followed by tamoxifen (TAM) (40 mg daily) in cases with progression,
      and 83 patients were treated with the inverse drug regimen. In the first line
      treatment they showed similar effects: MA caused remission in 31/136 patients
      (23%) and TAM in 17/80 patients (22%) (mean duration 12 and 13 months
      respectively), while as a second treatment line MA caused remission in 14/83
      patients (17%) and TAM in 12/132 patients (9%), which was not significant (P =
      0.10). Also with respect to survival there was no significant difference between
      the two treatment modalities.

PMID- 4058079
TI  - Treatment of dysmyelopoietic/leukemic syndromes with myelofibrosis and
      megakaryocytic hyperplasia with large doses of cytosine arabinoside.
AB  - Eight patients with inaspiratable bone marrows due to significant degrees of
      fibrosis were treated with high dose cytosine arabinoside because of either
      documented or suspected coexistent acute leukemia. The peripheral blood counts
      returned to normal in 7 patients. Remissions were short lived and bone marrow
      abnormalities persisted suggesting that consolidation therapy should be
      administered to these patients as soon as their peripheral blood counts are
      normalized.

PMID- 4058080
TI  - [Comparative study of total cholesterol and its lipoproteic fractions in patients
      with coronary atherosclerosis, atherosclerosis obliterans and healthy controls in
      our environment].

PMID- 4058082
TI  - [Relation of blood levels of amoxapine and its active metabolites to its
      pharmacologic response and toxicity].

PMID- 4058081
TI  - [Urinary infection by Corynebacterium species: presentation of 8 cases].

PMID- 4058083
TI  - [Spleen and hemolysis].

PMID- 4058084
TI  - [Extra bone marrow dissemination of a solitary plasmacytoma of the bone].

PMID- 4058085
TI  - [Intravenous digital angiography].

PMID- 4058086
TI  - [Pleural effusion as the first manifestation of a splenic abscess in the course
      of subacute endocarditis caused by an alpha-hemolytic streptococcus].

PMID- 4058087
TI  - [Pellagra].

PMID- 4058088
TI  - [Hepatic parasitosis caused by Balantidium coli].

PMID- 4058089
TI  - [Boutonneuse fever and pneumonitis].

PMID- 4058090
TI  - [Deficiency of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT)].

PMID- 4058091
TI  - [Cyclosporin in intestinal inflammatory disease].

PMID- 4058092
TI  - Symposium on clinical immunology II.

PMID- 4058094
TI  - Thyroid cancer.
AB  - Thyroid cancer encompasses some forms that practically have no identifiable
      mortality to one of the most lethal soft tissue cancers known. Because of this
      variation, a knowledge of the role that age, histology, and extent of disease
      play in establishing a prognosis is necessary to provide a rational therapeutic
      program. Younger patients (under age 40) with differentiated cancer, even those
      with lymph node metastases, should not be overtreated with extensive surgery and
      131I or external beam therapy because the prognosis in these patients is so
      extremely good. Thyroid hormone suppression is probably adequate therapy for
      patients in this group after obvious disease has been resected. Recurrences can
      usually be effectively treated with 131I. On the other hand, older patients
      should be treated more aggressively, especially with the routine use of 131I
      ablation and therapy after resection of disease. Radiation therapy as described
      for recurrent disease should be considered at an early point and should be used
      immediately once the diagnosis of anaplastic cancer has been established.
      Finally, patience and observation alone should be considered a good therapeutic
      alternative, for example, in hypercalcitoninemic patients with medullary cancer
      that has been apparently adequately resected. Repeat operations in these patients
      fail to eliminate elevated serum calcitonin levels in the majority of cases, and
      the patients may live for many years with a good quality of life.

PMID- 4058093
TI  - Radiation-induced thyroid disease.
AB  - Ionizing radiation has been demonstrated to result in a number of changes in the
      human thyroid gland. At lower radiation dose levels (between 10 and 1500 rads),
      benign and malignant neoplasms appear to be the dominant effect, whereas at
      higher dose levels functional changes and thyroiditis become more prevalent. In
      all instances, the likelihood of the effect is related to the amount and type of
      radiation exposure, time since exposure, and host factors such as age, sex, and
      heredity. The author's current approach to the evaluation of patients with past
      external radiation therapy to the thyroid is shown in Figure 1. The use of
      prophylactic thyroxine (T4) therapy is controversial. While T4 therapy may not be
      useful in preventing carcinogenesis when instituted many years after radiation
      exposure, theoretically T4 may block TSH secretion and stimulation of damaged
      cells to undergo malignant transformation when instituted soon after radiation
      exposure.

PMID- 4058095
TI  - Surgery for thyroid disease.
AB  - Thyroidectomy is the keystone of management in most patients with thyroid cancer,
      and has unique advantages in many cases of hyperthyroidism. The role of
      thyroidectomy in these two conditions is considered, with specific discussion of
      indications, extent of operation, complications, and technique.

PMID- 4058096
TI  - Symposium on thyroid disease.

PMID- 4058097
TI  - Effects of iodine and iodine-containing compounds on thyroid function.
AB  - This article deals with iodine metabolism and the consequences of iodine
      deficiency and iodine excess. The mechanisms underlying the clinical presentation
      of these two conditions as well as the clinical implications, both diagnostic and
      therapeutic, are discussed. Special attention is paid to the influence of
      underlying thyroid disorders on the frequency and characteristics of clinical
      problems related to the excess of iodine. Finally, a section is devoted to
      iodinated organic molecules that affect thyroid function on the basis of their
      structure in addition to their high content of iodine.

PMID- 4058098
TI  - Diagnosis and management of endocrine ophthalmopathy.
AB  - Most patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism have mild or inapparent
      ophthalmopathy. For the unusual patient with severe ophthalmopathy, a generally
      successful, coordinated, combined interdisciplinary medical and surgical
      management program is outlined.

PMID- 4058099
TI  - Effects of prostaglandin E1 on adrenal medulla chromaffin cells: model for
      studies of catecholamine release.
AB  - The effects of prostaglandin E1(PGE1) on adrenergic mechanisms was studied, using
      adrenal medulla as a model tissue. Experiments were performed on male albino
      rats. PGE1 was introduced through the abdominal aorta. The adrenal medulla in the
      control and experimental animals was dissected and prepared for
      electronmicroscopic examinations. Catecholamine-containing vesicles in the
      chromaffin cells were counted and their size estimated. Statistical evaluation of
      the data showed that PGE1 caused an increase in the size of secretory vesicles
      and decrease in the total number of full vesicles, the effect being more
      pronounced on the adrenaline cells as compared to the noradrenaline cells.

PMID- 4058100
TI  - Immunotoxicity screening of drugs and chemicals: value of contact
      hypersensitivity to picryl chloride in the mouse.
AB  - Contact hypersensitivity to picryl chloride in the mouse is proposed as a
      valuable tool for the in vivo immunotoxicological testing of new compounds.
      Reproducibility was found to be excellent. Results obtained in the present work
      with chlorpromazine, cyclophosphamide, diazepam, haloperidol, hydrocortisone,
      promethazine and lead acetate, nickel chloride and selenium were similar to those
      previously reported regarding the effects of these compounds on cell-mediated
      immunity.

PMID- 4058101
TI  - Effects of isoproterenol and methoxamine on the electrocardiogram.
AB  - The effects of isoproterenal (ISP) and methoxamine (MTX) infusion in 20
      asymptomatic subjects with labile T wave were studied. In those treated with ISP
      the T wave showed an early negative trend and later became clearly positive in 5
      subjects. In the majority of the subjects treated with MTX the T wave became
      positive. T wave changes match variations of both the ventricular gradient and,
      to a lesser degree, the QRS area. These changes were not related to heart rate
      or, in the subjects treated with MTX, to the baroreceptorial sensitivity deduced
      from the slope of the regression equation between R-R internal and systolic
      arterial pressure. The results of this study confirm the existence of a
      neurogenic mechanism affecting the electrocardiographic changes in T wave.

PMID- 4058102
TI  - Gated blood pool scintigraphy as a tool for non-invasive measurements of left
      ventricular function.
AB  - Gated Blood Pool Scintigraphy (GBPS), i.e. the noninvasive evaluation of
      ventricular performance following the administration of radionuclides as
      intravascular tracers has had a major impact on many aspects of cardiology and
      has proven its clinical value and reliability in the past years. Today it is an
      accepted method in clinical practice, permitting the assessment of both global
      and regional cardiac function. The most important parameters derived from GBPS
      volume curves for the determination of left ventricular global function are
      ejection fraction (EF) at rest and under exercise and peak filling rate of the
      left ventricle at rest. In addition, GBPS permits the assessment of regional left
      ventricular function by determining regional EF and phase shifts.
      Echocardiography is no true alternative to GBPS due to frequent problems in
      quantitative evaluation and unpredictable errors in patients with non-uniform
      heart geometry or dyskinetic left ventricles. Thus, GBPS is not only useful in a
      wide variety of clinical settings, but has become an accepted tool in the
      methodological approach for non-invasive evaluation of new drugs and sequential
      drug therapy monitoring. This application of GBPS can be particularly recommended
      for the investigation of two different problems: a) exclusion of adverse drug
      effects on left ventricular performance in the process of drug safety evaluation,
      and b) demonstration of hemodynamic effects of new drugs particularly after long
      term medication. GBPS provides valuable information as to the type, onset and
      duration of hemodynamic changes, permitting the determination of regional changes
      in myocardial function as well as its global evaluation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4058104
TI  - Total functional optic pathway experimental model in the cat.

PMID- 4058103
TI  - Determination of monoamine oxidase.
AB  - A robust, sensitive and reliable radiochemical assay for monoamine oxidase is
      described, and the procedures necessary to ensure the validity of the results
      obtained are discussed. Methods for determining the activities of the two forms
      of monoamine oxidase, A and B, separately, are outlined and some alternative
      assay methods are considered.

PMID- 4058105
TI  - [Surgical treatment of morbid obesity--a routine operation at many hospitals].

PMID- 4058106
TI  - [Results of the health control of 1000 refugees. Importance of early
      examination].

PMID- 4058107
TI  - [Hypertension in young people in relation to psychosocial factors].

PMID- 4058108
TI  - [Spontaneous recanalization after vasectomy--a review].

PMID- 4058109
TI  - [Coronary vessel aneurysm in Kawasaki's disease].

PMID- 4058110
TI  - [Cecal volvulus--a case with malrotation and mesenterium commune].

PMID- 4058111
TI  - [Borrelia meningitis in a 3-year-old child].

PMID- 4058112
TI  - [Dangerous benign liver tumors].

PMID- 4058113
TI  - [The value of premedication and a preoperative informative talk].

PMID- 4058114
TI  - [A study of patients in the EWA (Early Treatment of Women with Alcohol Addiction)
      project. Nurses with alcohol problems seldom seek care voluntarily].

PMID- 4058115
TI  - [The biology of autistic syndromes--many connections but still remaining
      questions].

PMID- 4058116
TI  - [Foreign body in the intestine: 2 cases with adhered bag seal].

PMID- 4058117
TI  - [Intracranial abscesses--case material from Orebro. Importance of early correct
      diagnosis and participation of a neurosurgeon management procedures].

PMID- 4058118
TI  - [Recurrent breast granuloma--suspected malignancy in mammography].

PMID- 4058119
TI  - [Replantation surgery should take care of patients with severe traumatic
      amputations of the upper extremities].

PMID- 4058120
TI  - [Prostatic cancer--a toothless lion?].

PMID- 4058121
TI  - [Tropical pyomyositis--an abscess-forming infection of striated muscle].

PMID- 4058122
TI  - [A special psychogeriatric admission unit gives better care].

PMID- 4058123
TI  - [Peroral estriol treatment of older women with urogenital infections].

PMID- 4058124
TI  - [Thymectomy in myasthenia gravis--half of the operated patients get better].

PMID- 4058125
TI  - [Routine for follow-up studies of patients with renal calculi].

PMID- 4058126
TI  - [Gluteal infection in weight lifters after injection of anabolic steroids].

PMID- 4058127
TI  - [Subnormal weight gain of children because of the rigid application of baby-food
      recommendations].

PMID- 4058128
TI  - [Hand injuries at an emergency surgery department].

PMID- 4058129
TI  - [The value of increased information to children prior to heart catheterization].

PMID- 4058130
TI  - [Plana condyloma as a cause of dyspareunia].

PMID- 4058131
TI  - [Treatment of postural hypotension with the G-suit].

PMID- 4058133
TI  - [Cerebral hemiparesis after puncture of the carotid artery during central venous
      catheterization].

PMID- 4058132
TI  - [Eclampsia masking gastroenteritis as a cause of premature labor].

PMID- 4058134
TI  - [Medial plate for reinforcement in trochanteric femoral pseudarthrosis].

PMID- 4058135
TI  - [The hair and hair growth--what is normal and what is pathological?].

PMID- 4058136
TI  - [Vasculitis associated with malignancy--a rarity].

PMID- 4058137
TI  - [Father, mother and a 7-year-old child with nephropathia epidemica].

PMID- 4058138
TI  - [Primary LAV/HTLV-III infection--a febrile lymphatic gland disease with sore
      throat].

PMID- 4058139
TI  - [Psychiatric house calls--complementary help for isolated patients].

PMID- 4058140
TI  - [Asthma mortality in southern Stockholm 1969-1980].

PMID- 4058141
TI  - [New aspects of calcium antagonists in the treatment of high blood pressure].

PMID- 4058142
TI  - [Myelodysplastic syndrome in the county of Jonkoping--a study of 50 cases 1978
      1983].

PMID- 4058143
TI  - [Long-term retention of a foreign body in the esophagus].

PMID- 4058144
TI  - [Malignant melanoma of the rectum--a rare disease with poor prognosis].

PMID- 4058145
TI  - [Acid and reflux. Dualism of stomach resection].

PMID- 4058146
TI  - [Histoautoradiographic studies of Billroth I-operated rat stomachs in relation to
      the postoperative interval. I. Proliferation kinetics in the area of the
      gastroenterostomy].
AB  - Nowadays the resected stomach is considered to be in a precancerous state in the
      broader sense. Until now there have been no systematic, histoautoradiographic
      investigations concerning the proliferative kinetics of the resected stomach in
      the region of anastomosed mucosa sections. Histoautoradiographic investigations
      should give an answer to the following questions: 1. In which way do the
      proliferative kinetics of gastric mucosa in the part of the anastomosis change
      with increasing postoperative interval? 2. Is there a result of variations in the
      proliferative kinetics of the anastomotic distant mucosa of the fundus? To find
      an answer to these questions, 75 Wistar-rats out of 231 operated rats (Billroth's
      1st principle) were selected for histoautographic analysis. The laboratory
      animals were killed at fixed points of time in a postoperative interval of 104
      weeks of experiment and the gastrointestinal preparations were worked up and
      interpreted for the histoautographic analysis. During the postoperative period
      the 3H-labelling-indices showed a characteristic course in the part of the
      gastric anastomosis. After a continuous increase of the 3H-labelling indices up
      to the fourfold of standard values two years after the operation there was a
      slight decrease of the proliferative activity. But it still remained twice the
      normal value. In addition, extended displacements and decompositions of gastric
      anastomosis mucosa could be observed. However, the proliferative activity in the
      anastomotid distant mucosa remained unchanged. A cell proliferation of gastric
      anastomosis increasing considerably and demonstrated in our experiment has to be
      considered as promotion factor of cancer development. Anastomotic carcinomas
      developing during the total experiment give evidence for this.

PMID- 4058147
TI  - [Histoautoradiographic studies of Billroth I-operated rat stomachs in relation to
      the postoperative interval. II. Histologic changes in the area of the anastomosis
      and its proliferation-kinetic behavior].
AB  - In a postoperative interval of 104 weeks' experience with 75 Wistar rats resected
      according to Billroth's 1st principle, the fourfold of standard of proliferative
      activity in addition to extended displacements and decompositions could be
      demonstrated. During 104 weeks of experience 8 animals developed in the
      anastomosed mucosa section adenomatous cystic glandular proliferations, 5 animals
      anastomotic polypi, 16 animals dysplastic gland areas and 10 animals showed
      anastomotic carcinomas. For these pathologic-anatomically outlined changes
      cellular proliferation was analysed by histoautoradiographic methods in parts of
      highest mitotic activity. The results were interpreted in dependence on their
      postoperative interval. In all pathologic-anatomical changes sources of strongest
      labelling could be found in the periphery. As most serious complication rats in
      experiment developed carcinoma in the anastomosed parts of mucosa. The peripheral
      sections of the carcinoma, so-called "front of invasion", showed regions of
      highest mitotic activity. Analysis of histoautoradiographic investigation in
      pathologic-anatomical change revealed modified proliferation kinetics in the
      sense of highly increased cell proliferation rates, which refer to the important
      role of the anastomotic region in the resected stomach.

PMID- 4058148
TI  - [Gastric outlet stenosis (benign): definition, incidence, therapy?].
AB  - According to a strict definition of a benign gastric outlet obstruction i.e.
      delayed vomiting, changing of symptoms, weight loss and intraoperative test by
      Hegardilators (less than 14), 2.2% real stenoses among 619 operative treated
      duodenal ulcer patients were found. All patients were treated by SPV and digital
      dilatation of the stenosis through a gastrotomy. During up to a 10 year follow-up
      no reoperation was necessary. All patients showed Visick-classification of I and
      II. In conclusion SPV with digital dilatation showed good clinical results for
      patients with benign gastric outlet obstruction in long-term follow up.

PMID- 4058149
TI  - [Perforation: which therapy is proven in stomach ulcer and duodenal ulcer?].
AB  - Simple suture as standard treatment of perforated ulcer has been doubted because
      of high postoperative morbidity and reoperation-rate due to recurrent disease.
      Prospective studies showed that definitive surgery can decrease morbidity without
      increasing mortality. Selection is the important point. Patients with risk
      factors and perforation of acute ulcer should be treated by simple suture,
      patients without risk factors and perforation of chronic ulcer by definitive
      surgery (SPV + suture).

PMID- 4058150
TI  - [Recurrence following ulcer operation: aggressive ulcer disease or inadequate
      therapy?].
AB  - Re-ulceration after surgery occurs in 2.2% following resecting procedures, in 12%
      following vagotomy. 10 to 30% of the re-ulcerations are unresponsive to H2
      blocking agents. 70% of all patients develop re-ulceration as medical prophylaxis
      after re-ulceration is discontinued. The most common reasons for re-ulceration
      after surgery are incomplete vagotomy after inadequate organ preserving
      operations and too great remnant after resecting techniques.

PMID- 4058151
TI  - [Instrumental esophageal perforation--its treatment and results].
AB  - The number of oesophagus perforations has increased considerably with the
      increase in endoscopic, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. 46 instrumental
      oesophagus perforations have been observed between 1973 and 1984. The youngest
      patient was a 2-year-old girl with a benign oesophagus stenosis and the eldest
      was an 89-year-old man with a neoplasm of the cardia. The average age was 62
      years. 26 patients were treated conservatively; 20 patients were treated
      surgically. In 2 cases the oesophagus was diverted at the cervical level and the
      cardia detached. 8 months later this was successfully reconstructed. 9 out of 43
      patients died. In every case, the cause of death were cardio-pulmonal
      complications accompanying general sepsis.

PMID- 4058152
TI  - [Surgical treatment of esophageal tuberculosis].
AB  - Esophageal tuberculosis, being rare, traditionally has been treated by
      antituberculous drug therapy, respectively by esophagectomy. A 66-year-old women
      is reported showing a productive/caseous tuberculosis of the mid-esophagus
      without pulmonary lesions. In suspicion of a benign tumor thoracotomy was done,
      and an enlarged oval excision of the esophagus wall with a longitudinal closure
      was performed. Chemotherapy was applied for one year. 3 1/2 years postoperatively
      there is a free passage of the esophagus, and the patient seems to be healed.

PMID- 4058153
TI  - [Reconstruction of the esophagus and hypopharynx by free jejunum interposition].
AB  - Beside conventional procedures the hypopharyngeal and esophageal reconstruction
      using a free jejunum-transfer represents an additional method for primary
      reconstruction of the hypopharynx and esophagus. Out of 48 free jejunum-transfers
      16 were used for bridging an hypopharyngeal or esophageal defect, 32 as a patch
      for reconstruction of the oral cavity. In 7 patients a hypopharynx carcinoma was
      resected, in 6 cases the cervical esophagus was infiltrated by carcinoma. 3
      patients suffered from an esophageal stenosis caused by corrosion after acid
      ingestion. 11 free grafts healed without any complications. In 2 cases the
      jejunum was removed because of necrosis. In 3 cases fistulation from the lower
      anastomosis was observed. Free, microvascular jejunum-transfer using
      physiological graft material not only seems to be advantageous for tolerance to
      radiation but is also a one step surgical procedure.

PMID- 4058154
TI  - [A new procedure for reconstruction of the voice--neoglottis of small intestine].
AB  - The fundamental concept in vocal rehabilitation after laryngectomy is the tracheo
      hypopharyngeal shunt. The usual contemporary methods possess numerous
      disadvantages. In order to improve the results a syphon-fashioned shunt with free
      transplanted jejunum between the tracheal stump and the hypopharynx is created
      (stimulated by K. Ehrenberger). Aspiration can be avoided by means of the
      autonomic peristalsis of the implant. The procedure has been performed in 7
      cases. One developed necrosis of the loop. The other patients possess a clear
      voice.

PMID- 4058155
TI  - [Advantages of left thoracic stomach interposition following esophagus resection
      for cancer].
AB  - From 1977 to 1984 esophageal resection and reconstruction by stomach due to
      squamous cell cancer of the esophagus was carried out by an abdomino-thoracic
      approach in 53 (A) and through a left-transthoracic approach in 57 (B) patients.
      Localisation and safety margins were practically identical: median orally A = 24,
      B = 29 mm, aborally A = 71, B = 49 mm. The overall lethality is significantly
      different: A = 41.5%, B = 22.8%. Without preoperative radiation or chemotherapy
      the mortality reaches in group A 39.5% and B 19.0%. Leakage rate in both groups
      is still high (A = 20.8%, B = 8.8%). However, the lethal respiratory
      insufficiency rate dropped from 15% (A) to 5% (B).

PMID- 4058156
TI  - [Significance of computer tomography for operative tactics in esophageal cancer].
AB  - In patients with tumor stage T1-CT is useful in the detection of enlarged lymph
      nodes. In 93% of the cases with tumor stage T2-CT gives exact information about
      tumor extension and infiltration. In addition 70% of the patients with positive
      lymph nodes can be evaluated. In T3 tumor infiltration in nearby organs can be
      demonstrated in 94% and lymph node metastases in 79% of the cases. The
      therapeutic consequences are: In tumor stage T2 and T3 subtotal esophagectomy
      with retrosternal stomach replacement by cervical anastomosis should be aspired
      for reasons of postoperative irradation of the esophageal bed.

PMID- 4058157
TI  - [Cystic duplications of the cervical esophagus].
AB  - Cystic duplications in the cervical region are very rare. In most cases
      compression of the trachea leads to severe symptoms of respiration. Two cases of
      cystic duplication are described - a nine months old child and a newborn baby. In
      the first case the cyst was localized on the right side of the thyroid.
      Extirpation could be done without any complications. The operation on the second
      case was difficult. The tumor was localized between oesophagus and trachea
      rotating the larynx.

PMID- 4058158
TI  - [Esophageal replacement in long stretch atresias by free transplanted small
      intestine mucosa].
AB  - The treatment of long gap oesophageal atresia is still a problem. In a self
      developed method oesophageal defects were repaired by interposition of free
      jejunal mucosal/submucosal transplants. Two children, in whom long gap
      oesophageal-atresia was surgically repaired by inserting such transplants of 5 cm
      each, subsequently showed total histological healing, environmental adaptation
      with a surrounding fibrous scar. Functionally, there was free oesophageal passage
      to food. The children died of associated congenital anomalies three versus 12
      months postoperatively. The advantages of this method are being emphasized.

PMID- 4058159
TI  - [Initial clinical results of the prevention of intraoperative adhesions in
      children].
AB  - Postoperatively in 2 to 6% of all cases the result was an intestinal obstruction
      caused by adhesion. The usual measures were without permanent success.
      Intraoperatively we applied in 20 children streptokinase-streptodornase in the
      abdomen. During relaparotomy we saw no adhesions in 40% of these cases, whereas
      in a control group in all cases adhesions were found.

PMID- 4058160
TI  - [Intestinal perforations in the newborn infant].
AB  - Between 1976 and March 1985 16 neonates with gastrointestinal perforations were
      treated. The most common site of perforation was the ileo-coecal region, the most
      frequent causes of perforation were due to intestinal obstruction, necrotising
      enterocolitis and so-called spontaneous perforations (ischemic perforations). The
      surgical procedure depended on the site and cause of the perforation, taking the
      general condition into account. 7 out of the 16 newborns (44%) died due to sepsis
      and septic complications.

PMID- 4058161
TI  - [Disease picture of intra-abdominal hernias in childhood].
AB  - Through the demonstration of 3 cases (6-year-old-girl with right mesenterico
      parietal hernia; 2 year-old-boy with a transverso-mesocolic hernia; 10-months-old
      boy with a hernia in the mesenterium of a M.D.) we discuss the problems of
      intraabdominal hernia. The evaluation of the disease can take many forms. Only
      one third of the children remains without symptoms; the other third has a chronic
      evaluation and the last third an acute abdomen. Once diagnosed internal hernia
      must soon be operated.

PMID- 4058162
TI  - [Intestinal abnormalities as a cause of ileus in the newborn infant].
AB  - Between 1971 and 1984 58 neonates were operated on because of bowel obstructing
      intestinal malformations. The most significant postoperative complications were
      cardiac insufficiency (7), mechanical bowel obstruction (5), sepsis (4), short
      bowel syndrome (3), respiratory insufficiency or pneumonia (3), anastomotic leak
      (2) or stenosis (1), bleeding (2), bowel infarction (1). Overall mortality: 15/58
      (26%).

PMID- 4058163
TI  - [Esophageal replacement].
AB  - The procedure of first choice for esophageal replacement is gastric
      interposition. Alternatively the replacement by colon is possible after gastric
      surgery. In our own examinations patients with gastric interposition had an
      accelerated emptying while those with colon interposition showed a delayed
      emptying. In spite of persisting acid secretion of the interpositioned stomach
      the gastroesophageal reflux was of minor importance after total intrathoracic
      position of the stomach.

PMID- 4058164
TI  - [Functional anatomy of the anorectal sphincter].
AB  - Sensory component, reflexes and motor components are responsible for anorectal
      continence. The most important factors are the extraperitoneal part of the
      rectum, the M.m. sphincter ani internus and externus, the levator ani muscles and
      the corpus cavernosum recti. The diagnostic of anal incontinence is usually
      evident from history and physical examination. Additionally intraluminal pressure
      recordings and electrical measurements are helpful.

PMID- 4058165
TI  - [All-layer prolapse of the anorectum].
AB  - Complete prolapse or procidentia of the rectum describes the extrusion of the
      entire thickness of the rectal wall through the anus. A number of factors have
      been alleged to be important in the production of procidentia; at present stress
      is placed on the concept of intussuception. A large number of operative
      procedures, designed to correct this condition, reflect the unsatisfactory nature
      of the results hitherto achieved. The author's personal preference is a
      transperitoneal approach whenever feasible (Well's Procedure) with sacro
      fixation. If a perineal approach is unavoidable for medical reasons the Thiersch
      Procedure in Stelzner's modification (placement of the ring below the pelvic
      floor muscles) yields acceptable results. In seemingly hopeless recurrent cases,
      the procedure of Sarafoff can prove to be successful.

PMID- 4058166
TI  - [Pathophysiology and morbidity of mechanical ileus].
AB  - Bowel obstruction by adhesion and tumor is the most common cause of mechanical
      ileus. The major alteration of obstructed bowels is distention. Microcirculation
      is hampered by raising the intraluminar pressure to 30 mm Hg. The high losses of
      water and electrolytes are not only due to lower resorption but also to secretion
      of liquid caused by enterotoxin. Therefore, perioperative antibiotics are
      necessary in addition to other therapeutic steps like decompression, parenteral
      nutrition and early operative intervention.

PMID- 4058167
TI  - [Therapy of ileus].
AB  - The mortality of intestinal obstruction increases with the time interval between
      beginning of symptoms and operation. Therefore the surgical treatment must be
      performed early. The evacuation of the bowel without opening is very important.
      Nearly half of our own patients has been treated by cutting off bands or
      adhesions. Resections were done in 21%. The problem of recurrent obstruction is
      not yet solved. The prophylaxis of adhesions seems to be very important.

PMID- 4058168
TI  - [Therapy of postoperative ileus (including peritonitis)].
AB  - In each case of postoperative ileus initial decompression of the intestine by an
      endoscopically placed tube is indicated (success rate 80%). With clear mechanical
      obstruction or diffuse peritonitis immediate relaparotomy is indicated. With
      prolonged gastrointestinal dilatation or paralytic ileus conservative therapy
      (tube-decompression, substitution of fluids and electrolytes, peristaltics,
      sympathicolysis with following stimulation) and close observation by an
      experienced surgeon is recommended. With local peritonitis (intraabdominal
      abscess) percutaneous puncture and drainage, sometimes just as a preliminary
      emergency procedure seems worthwhile.

PMID- 4058170
TI  - [Anesthesia as a prerequisite for success in surgery].
AB  - After a relatively slow development until World War II anaesthesia converted
      rapidly from an entirely empirical and technically oriented application to an
      independent clinical and scientific discipline. Statistics confirm safety of
      today's anaesthesia in spite of the enormous spread of indications for surgery.
      Further progress is necessary. As an outlook the new method of closed-loop feed
      back control of depth of anaesthesia has been described which may be expected to
      be introduced clinically in the near future.

PMID- 4058169
TI  - [Pathogenesis and therapy of ileus in childhood].
AB  - Between 1975 and 1984 300 children with intestinal obstruction were treated
      (overall lethality 6.3%). A special problem are cases of volvulus, most on base
      of malrotation. In case of hermorrhagic infarction all over the small bowel the
      two-stage-operation has occasionally proved useful. In postoperative or recurrent
      obstruction a tube splinting of the intestine was used. The mortality of these
      patients - 106 cases since 1966 - comes to 4.7%.

PMID- 4058171
TI  - [Surgery of abdominal aortic aneurysm--results in 502 patients].
AB  - Between 1975 and 1985 502 patients (52 female, 450 male, aged 29 to 88 years,
      mean 66 years) were operated for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). In 261
      electively operated patients hospital mortality was 4.9% (group A). In 79
      patients with impending rupture the rate was 12.2% (group B) and of 125 patients
      with a ruptured AAA 46.6% died (group C). Of 42 patients with thoraco-abdominal
      aneurysm (group D) 11 had a rupture. Mortality was 66%. These figures could be
      improved. Between November 1983 to the end of 1984 in group A lethality was 4.1%
      (2/49), in group B 6.25% (1/16), in group C 33% (8/24). Of the last 4 patients of
      group D operated electively 1 died. Reasons for this improvement were: 1.
      improved anesthesiological management, 2. use of graft-inclusion-technique, 3.
      implantation of straight tube grafts instead of bifurcated prostheses, 4. use of
      collagen-coated Dacron prostheses.

PMID- 4058172
TI  - [10 years' experience with the in situ bypass].
AB  - From October 1, 1974 to March 31, 1984 467 femoropopliteal and femorotibial in
      situ vein bypasses were performed. Valvular incompetence is produced by the use
      of modified Hall strippers. The intraoperative angiography is mandatory to
      localize the tributaries and to detect pathological findings of the vein and
      technical errors. Overall cumulative patency rates were 84, 76, 71, and 67%, at
      2, 5, 8 and 10 years. Cumulative patency rates for 117 tibial bypasses separately
      were 72, 68, and 68% at 2, 5 and 8 years.

PMID- 4058173
TI  - [Recurrent stenoses following carotid TEA].
AB  - Follow-up of 798 patients by Duplex scanning or digital venous angiography 6
      months to 13 years after carotid endarterectomy revealed a recurrent stenosis
      rate of 3.4%. The incidence of the recurrent lesions showed a clear correlation
      with the operative technique: after closure of the arteriotomy directly
      (continuous suture) or with a vein patch (303 pat.) the recurrent stenosis rate
      was 4 times higher than after closure with a dacron patch (495 pat.). Our
      investigations indicate that recurrent stenosis and occlusions after carotid
      endarterectomy are largely avoidable. Sufficient length of arteriotomy (5-8 cm),
      dilatation of the distal internal carotid artery and lumen congruent closure of
      the arteriotomy with a dacron patch are the pivots of success.

PMID- 4058174
TI  - [Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm].
AB  - Between January 1, 1970 and March 1, 1985 530 patients underwent graft
      replacement of the abdominal aorta for infrarenal aortic aneurysms. 28 (5.3%)
      patients had inflammatory aneurysmal disease, in 3 cases (10.7%) the aneurysm was
      ruptured. Operation mortality was 17.3%. Characteristic appearance was an
      unusually thick aortic wall with diffuse, shiny white fibrotic reaction in the
      retroperitoneum. In most cases the duodenum, inferior vena cava, left renal vein,
      transverse mesocolon or the ureter were involved into the inflammatory mass.
      Thoracic aortic involvement was not observed. Contrast CT showed enhancement of
      the periaortic tissue similar to the blood in the aortic lumen. Standard
      operation techniques had to be modified to avoid mobilisation of the adherent
      structures and organs to the aorta.

PMID- 4058175
TI  - [Can EEG monitoring with the Trend Analyzer replace stump pressure measurement in
      carotid surgery?].
AB  - Description of the EEG-trend-analyzer as an intraoperative monitoring during
      carotis surgery. Criteria for the evaluation of the findings are presented. In a
      prospective study 92 patients underwent monitoring with the EEG-trend-analyzer as
      well as the measuring of the internal carotid artery stump pressure. EEG
      monitoring shows a sensitivity of 100% for ischemic events, compared to 67% for
      the stump pressure measurement with a threshold of 50 mm Hg. EEG monitoring shows
      false positive results in 25% but no false negative results. Stump pressure
      investigation of the internal carotid artery is a very unreliable parameter for
      cerebral ischemia and inferior to the results of EEG-monitoring.

PMID- 4058176
TI  - [Early and late results following 244 reconstructions of the internal carotid
      artery with contralateral internal carotid occlusion].
AB  - Between December 1974 and March 1985 244 reconstructions of the internal carotid
      artery with contralateral occlusion were performed. 7.3% of the patients were
      asymptomatic, 48.4% had typical transient ischemic attacks and 44.3% had a
      completed stroke. The postoperative mortality was 2.0% and a permanent neurologic
      deficit occurred in 3.3%. An intraluminal shunt was used in only 5.4%. The long
      term survival rate after 5 years was 65.2 +/- 4.8%. In the follow-up period of
      103 months 9.2% of the patients had a new stroke.

PMID- 4058177
TI  - [Value of EEG monitoring in operations of the supra-aortic arteries].
AB  - Experiences with 207 patients operated under EEG monitoring have shown changes of
      EEG in 20% which made the application of an intraluminal shunt necessary. The
      majority of these patients had multimorbidity of supraaortic branches. Earliest
      changes could be seen after seven seconds of clamping time. In these cases an
      operation of the carotic artery should be avoided and an extra-intracranial
      bypass is recommended.

PMID- 4058178
TI  - [Autotransfusion in aneurysm surgery].
AB  - In a group of selected 65 patients undergoing replacement of the thoraco
      abdominal (TAA = 16) or abdominal (AAA = 49) aorta for large aneurysms
      intraoperative autotransfusion with the cell saver was used to salvage the
      patients' blood. The mean volumes of retransfused red blood cells were 1.21 (AAA)
      and 3.61 (TAA) respectively. Mean values for heparin, protein and hemolysis
      within the last sample of the autotransfused blood were 0.16 IU/ml, 1.24 g/l and
      89.5 mumol/l respectively. T1/2 using chrom51 was 21 days. Our results confirm
      that intraoperative autotransfusion is a valuable and save adjunct in major
      vascular surgery.

PMID- 4058179
TI  - [Clinical symptomatology, diagnostic measures, classification].

PMID- 4058180
TI  - [Early infection following closed and open shaft fractures].
AB  - The term "early infection" should only be used for infections of the soft
      tissues. Involvement of the major fragments or the medullary cavity indicates
      either delayed diagnosis or insufficient surgical revision. In addition to
      already postulated rules of treatment, two further conclusions are being drawn:
      1. occasionally it is necessary to apply conservative methods of immobilisation.
      2. if careful observation is guaranteed larger fragments may be left in place, as
      long as they are still in contact with one of the major fragments. At least
      partial revascularisation is possible.

PMID- 4058181
TI  - [Multiorgan failure].
AB  - The diagnosis of multiple organ failure is based upon the sequential occurrence
      of failure of vital organ functions within a short period of time (lung, kidney,
      circulatory system, gastrointestinal tract, liver, metabolism, hemostasis).
      Underlying diseases are polytrauma, high risk surgical procedures, acute
      abdominal complications. Sepsis is the main pathogenetic factor. The mortality is
      60-80% and in patients with abdominal sepsis plus acute renal failure and
      dialysis plus acute lung failure and artificial ventilation up to 100%. Intensive
      care is therefore focussed upon prophylaxis, predominantly shock therapy and
      surgical treatment of sepsis.

PMID- 4058182
TI  - [Artificial respiration in a surgical intensive care unit].
AB  - An indication for respiratory treatment is given in manifest and for prophylactic
      mechanical ventilation in expected pulmonal insufficiency. The mortality rate can
      be reduced by an early respiratory treatment, therefore prophylactic mechanical
      ventilation should be performed liberally. Mainly patients after abdomino
      thoracal operations and major vascular or upper abdominal surgery are at risk for
      lethal postoperative pulmonary complications.

PMID- 4058183
TI  - [Thoracic trauma].
AB  - Thoracic trauma in multiple trauma increases mortality threefold, usually due to
      sepsis. Disturbances of the pulmonary vasculature are seen soon after trauma, as
      is increased EVLW. This can be due to 3 different mechanisms: 1. High pressure
      edema due to high intrathoracic pressure. Protein-poor edema. No hypervolemia,
      therefore no diuresis called for. 2. Hematoma: blood and dead tissue should be
      removed. Bronchial drainage is important. 3. Capillary permeability damage: areas
      of direct trauma with protein-rich interstitial edema. Can lead to ARDS. Modern
      ventilation techniques are helpful. No drug therapy (i.e. steroids) is proven.

PMID- 4058185
TI  - [Self-healing cecal fistulas for securing anastomoses of the colon and rectum--is
      this still indicated?].
AB  - During a period of 2.5 years self-healing coecostomies according to Stelzner
      (1970) were applied in 48 elective procedures to the left colon. The following
      operations were done by 16 different surgeons: left side hemicolectomy 5, sigma
      resection 24, anterior resection of the rectum 19, 13 of which had anastomoses
      less than 8 cm. RESULTS: Mean postoperative hospital care 25.3 days, no clinical
      manifestation of anastomotic leaks, first passing of stool after a mean of 8.5
      days. Lethality of 4.2% independent of anastomoses, spontaneous occlusion of
      fistulae after 42 +/- 26 days. 21% local not life-endangering complications
      occurred.

PMID- 4058184
TI  - [Stelzner self-healing cecal fistula--course of healing and complications].
AB  - A retrospective study of 83 patients who underwent caecal fistula as described by
      Stelzner during the five-year period between 1979 to 1984 was carried out. 26
      fistulas were performed after low anterior resection, 54 after anterior resection
      and 3 after left hemicolectomy. In 10.8% the operative closure of the fistula was
      necessary. An anastomotic insufficiency could be recognized clinically in 3.8%.
      The overall complication rate was 21.7%. The caecal fistula seems to be an
      effective procedure with a lower complication rate than the temporary colostomy.

PMID- 4058186
TI  - [Does synchronous abdominoperineal rectum excision have real advantages?].
AB  - From January 1st, 1974 through December, 31st, 1984 a total of 421 patients with
      cancer of the rectosigmoid was operated upon. 269 patients (63.8%) underwent
      operations in which continence was maintained. In 17 of the cases the rectum was
      removed and the sphincter muscle was left intact. In 86 cases (=20.4%) a combined
      abdominoperineal rectum excision was performed (42X metachronous and 44X
      synchronous) in one session. The operating time involved in the synchronous
      method is on the average 34 min shorter than in metachronous. The mortality was
      reduced from 19% to 9%.

PMID- 4058187
TI  - [Operative tactics and results in extensive operations for colorectal cancer].
AB  - Between 1969 and 1983 a total of 1918 patients with colorectal carcinoma were
      curatively operated. In 121 of these patients a curative procedure could be
      achieved despite tumor invasion of adjacent organs by extending the operation to
      include these involved structures. In 45% of these patients the histological
      examination revealed that there were only peritumorous inflammatory adhesions
      while in 55% of the cases a direct tumor invasion of the neighbouring organ was
      present. The 5-year-survival-rate in the 121 patients was 44%. The operative
      mortality of 12% (14 out of 121) is included. The final results were considerably
      worse if the tumor could not be removed en bloc.

PMID- 4058188
TI  - [Results following colorectal interventions--an analysis over 36 years].
AB  - The data of 407 patients with colon carcinoma and 346 patients with rectum
      carcinoma treated in the last 36 years were analysed retro- and prospectively as
      regards the operative technique, the perioperative treatment and the
      postoperative complication rates. It was shown that the number of tumour
      resections increased continuously and that the percentage of deep anterior rectal
      resections rose since 1981. The mortality rate after tumour resections could be
      reduced to 1.5%. Most decisively for the improvement of the results was the
      introduction of a regular quality control system.

PMID- 4058189
TI  - [Experiences with ileoanal anastomosis and ileal pouch formation following
      colectomy and proctomucosectomy].
AB  - Since 1981 12 patients (11 adenomatosis coli = AC/1 ulcerative colitis = CU) had
      a colectomy and mucosal proctectomy with ileo-anal anastomosis (IA) and formation
      of an ileal-S-pouch (IP). The mean age of 7 men and 5 women was 33 years (21-46
      yrs). We preferred the synchronous abdomino-peranal operation. Protective
      ileostomy was closed after a mean of 4.6 months in 11 patients. Postoperative
      complications: IA-insufficiency = 4, sacral abscess = 1, stenosis = 3, ileus and
      reoperation = 2). Late results: spontaneous defecation: 11/11, continence 10/11,
      evacuation 6-8/day. This operative procedure seems to be good for AC and CU.

PMID- 4058190
TI  - [Early detection and chances for healing in recurrences of colorectal cancers].
AB  - In patients with colorectal carcinoma operated curatively or questionable
      curatively, the computer-controlled postoperative care showed that in more than
      one third of the patients with recurrence the diagnosis was made before clinical
      symptoms appeared. By early detection, the recurrence could be resected
      curatively in twice as many patients with regular postoperative care as in
      patients without regular care. Furthermore could be proved that regular
      postoperative care caused a clear prolongation of the survival time.

PMID- 4058191
TI  - [Secondary reconstruction of intestinal continuity following colectomy for
      ulcerative colitis].
AB  - In 37 patients with a clinically and microscopically confirmed ulcerative colitis
      the rectum was retained after subtotal (n = 29) or left-sided (n = 8) colectomy.
      In the following 1.6 years in 25 of the 37 patients the rectal stump was removed;
      in 9 of these cases a straight ileoanal anastomosis was constructed; after 4
      years in 4 of the 8 surviving patients the anastomosis has been removed for
      various reasons. In 12 of 37 patients the rectum was preserved over 10.8 years
      only in 4 of these cases with rapidly decreasing protectitis the construction of
      an ileo-rectal anastomosis was possible.

PMID- 4058192
TI  - [Where and when does surgery achieve cancer prevention? Precancerous conditions
      of the stomach].
AB  - The early diagnosis of stomach diseases, that are high risk factors for cancer is
      of paramount importance, because the early cancer can be healed nowadays.
      Distinguish between precancerous lesions (adenoma, borderline-lesion, dysplasia
      III) and precancerous conditions (chronical atrophic gastritis, pernicious
      anemia, Menetrier syndrome, hyperplasiogene polyps, the operated stomach, rarely
      ulcus ventriculi). Whereas precancerous lesions must be removed by diathermy
      biopsy or operation, precancerous conditions need thorough endoscopic control. In
      operations for ulcerous disease the operation tactics must be chosen with the aim
      to avoid a carcinoma after gastric resection.

PMID- 4058193
TI  - [Preneoplasias of the large intestine].
AB  - The adenoma-carcinoma sequence was related to size, histology and macroscopic
      appearance in 6770 adenomas. In ulcerative colitis prophylactic proctocolectomy
      is indicated only when neoplastic dysplasia is documented by repeated biopsies.
      In adenomatosis coli ileo-rectostomy is followed by rectal cancer at a low rate
      of 4% only in cases with polypectomy at 6-12 months interval, without this follow
      up the risk is increased to 25%. Colectomy, proctomucosectomy, ileoanal
      anastomosis with a pouch completely eliminates the malignant potency. It is the
      operation of choice in all cases with diffuse rectal involvement. In 25 cases,
      operated without mortality and a morbidity of 20%, our preliminary results are
      promising.

PMID- 4058194
TI  - [Results of therapy of acute mesenteric vascular occlusion].
AB  - From 1979 to 1984 39 patients were operated on for acute mesenteric ischemia. The
      purpose of this retrospective study was the documentation of the therapeutic
      results and discussion of the value of a second-look operation and postoperative
      angiography. Proximal occlusion of SMA in 33 patients (85%) resulted in extended
      bowel infarction, whereas segmental infarction due to peripheral occlusion was
      found in 15%. The hospital mortality was 85%. Operative procedure consisted of
      revascularisation (18%), bowel resection (18%), revascularisation and resection
      (10%) and explorative laparotomy (18%). The second-look operation as a routine
      procedure has been replaced by a postoperative angiogram. Laparotomy was
      performed in case of reocclusion of SMA or clinical signs.

PMID- 4058195
TI  - [Duodenal malignancies--differential diagnosis and therapeutic aspects].
AB  - Primary malignant duodenal tumors are rare, their prognosis dismal. From 1978 to
      1984 only 7 patients with true duodenal malignancies were operated at the
      Department of Surgery, Heidelberg. Primary symptoms of the disease are the
      following: gastric outlet obstruction in stenotic growth (n = 5), occlusion of
      extrahepatic bile ducts in peripapillary growth (n = 3) and ulcer signs in
      ulcerous-penetrating growth. Endoscopy of the duodenum with guided biopsy proved
      to be the most important diagnostic procedure. In primarily resectable tumors
      partial pancreatiocoduodenectomy represents the best procedure for cure in our
      experience.

PMID- 4058196
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in primary small intestinal tumors].
AB  - Between 1975 and 1985 37 patients (23 men, 14 women, 34.3-88 years, mean age 59.5
      years) with a primary tumor of the small intestine (7 benign, 8 carcinoids, 22
      malign neoplasms) were operated. Preoperative diagnosis could be improved by
      sonography and computed tomography. In dubious cases explorative laparotomy is
      recommended. 1 patient died postoperatively. During the mean follow-up period of
      32.7 months 19 patients (57%) died with a mean survival time of 19.7 month. An
      improvement of prognosis of small intestinal tumors may be possible by an early
      diagnosis and a radical surgical approach, according to the health status of the
      patient.

PMID- 4058197
TI  - [Thyroid cytology].
AB  - The fine needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid represents a valuable aid for
      clinical decisions besides scintigraphy and sonography if representative cellular
      material is available. False diagnoses of malignancy may be totally avoided
      whereas a relatively high percentage of malignant tumours escapes the cytological
      diagnosis mostly as a consequence of insufficient puncture. For the
      intraoperative decision concerning the extent of resection, imprint cytology
      shows better results than frozen sections at least for follicular tumours.

PMID- 4058198
TI  - [Vascular anatomic principles of surgery of the terminal ileum].
AB  - The terminal ileum has a reputation for poor vascularisation. In nontumoral
      lesions a maximum preservation of the terminal ileum and the ileocaecal valve for
      functional reasons should be aimed at. Therefore we carried out a study on 200
      cadavers by preparation of the superior mesenteric artery and the ileocolic
      artery and their branches. We used the classification of the arrangements of the
      arteries of the terminal ileum of Chevrel und Gueraud. We found a lower origin of
      the anastomosis between the superior mesenteric artery and the ileocolic artery
      in 56%, an upper origin in 44%. A recurrent ileal artery was present in 84%.
      Surgical applications can be drawn from this study.

PMID- 4058199
TI  - [Observations in postoperative ileus].
AB  - In the last ten years it was necessary to perform a relaparotomy in 615 cases =
      4.93% of 12,464 primary abdominal operations. 215 patients suffered from a
      mechanical ileus. In analysing 305 cases of the last 5 years it was to discover
      that of 138 patients the diagnosis mechanical ileus was correct in 102 cases
      only. In doubtful cases it is therefore advisable to use a water-soluble contrast
      medium in order to decide for or against surgery. Last but not least the
      frequency of relaparotomies is clearly dependent on the abilities of the surgeon.
      In proving this question there were surgeons with 1.2% relaparotomies and others
      with 18.1%.

PMID- 4058200
TI  - [Radicality principles in operations on malignant thyroid tumors].
AB  - Different concepts are required by different tumors: anaplastic carcinomas rarely
      are accessible to curative surgery, but tumor reduction gives sense in combined
      concepts. In follicular carcinomas general ("near"-) total thyroidectomy +
      radioiodine + hormonal suppressive therapy is recommended, with respect to the
      high incidence of distant metastases even in low 1 degree Tu-stages. Papillary
      carcinomas allow a stage related procedure with exceptions from total
      thyroidectomy: no reintervention for "occult" carcinomas and-in patients under 40
      years of age-hemithyroidectomy for intrathyroid tumors without regional
      metastases. In C-Cell-carcinomas total thyroidectomy has to be accompanied by
      lymph-node dissections of various extent, depending on familiary or sporadic type
      and tumor-stage.

PMID- 4058201
TI  - [Change in values and language].

PMID- 4058202
TI  - [Symptomless and complicated peptic ulcer as an extreme clinical form of ulcer
      disease: consequences for choice between conservative and surgical therapy].
AB  - Asymptomatic recurrent ulcers following drugs and surgical therapy are true
      failures of treatment (Visick IV). Several types of bias at present do not allow
      any conclusion whether medical treatment and maintenance increase the rate of
      ulcer complications. The mechanisms of action for medical treatment with
      cimetidine and operative treatment with SPV are similar, but not identical. Bad
      compliance and incomplete vagotomies mainly account for success of mutual
      exchange between the two types of therapy. Using a decision tree with mortality
      as outcome recommendations are developed for a step-wise therapeutic concept in
      peptic ulcer patients.

PMID- 4058203
TI  - [Nonresecting technic in uncomplicated and complicated gastroduodenal ulcer].
AB  - The technique of the nonresective surgical treatment of peptic ulcer disease is
      based on the recognition of the autonomous innervation of the stomach and of its
      musculature, especially in the pyloric region. A correct performance is of very
      high relevance. The tactics are a combination of a neurosurgical and plastic
      restorative procedure. This is contrary to the technique of the resective
      methods. A prospective study pointed out the following healing rates: lethality:
      phi, healing: 94% objective, 98% subjective; dumping: healing 86%, medium 13%,
      bad 1% - risk of recurrency: 4%, for the total number of ulcers.

PMID- 4058204
TI  - [Hemorrhaging peptic ulcer--Therapy? When? Which?].
AB  - The influence of frequency of surgical interventions and the time of operation on
      the overall mortality is still a matter of considerable controversy. A close
      correlation between the risk and incidence of recurrent bleeding and the primary
      bleeding status during emergency endoscopy let us to design a new concept of a
      more aggressive surgical strategy. The dominating criteria for choice of
      treatment based on instant endoscopical classification of bleeding type and
      activity. The overall mortality was 5.4%. 59 patients (53%) underwent surgery
      with only two hospital deaths (3.4%). Among the group with conservative treatment
      there were four additional deaths (7.5%), all patients being above 70 years of
      age. The results suggest that mortality rates in patients with bleeding
      gastroduodenal ulcers can be reduced by a more aggressive surgical approach.

PMID- 4058205
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of iatrogenic cerebrospinal fluid leak and brain
      herniation during or following mastoidectomy.
AB  - Iatrogenic brain herniation, with meninges (meningoencephalocele) or without
      meninges (encephalocele), following mastoidectomy is rare. However, the
      seriousness of the complication and the potential for its prevention necessitate
      periodic review and emphasis. In this study, 6 patients with small iatrogenic
      dural injury during mastoidectomy, 1 patient with postoperative large
      encephalocele, and 2 patients with three spontaneous meningoencephaloceles are
      reviewed. These cases, and the literature, support the following: 1. A dural
      injury is necessary for herniation. 2. If the arachnoid remains intact, a
      meningoencephalocele results with the potential for cerebrospinal fluid leak into
      the middle ear and recurrent meningitis. 3. If the arachnoid is not intact, an
      encephalocele results which presents predominantly as a mass without a
      cerebrospinal fluid leak. 4. The dura and arachnoid may be torn during
      mastoidectomy, resulting in an immediate cerebrospinal fluid leak that can go
      easily unrecognized. Taking time to carefully inspect any area of dural exposure
      obviates this oversight. 5. A satisfactory technique of tegmen and dural
      arachnoid repair in these ten cases is described.

PMID- 4058206
TI  - Hearing results in tympanoplasty.
AB  - Recent reports from Scandinavian authors have put forth the concept that hearing
      improvement following tympanoplasty is seldom satisfactory and difficult to
      obtain. This view is contradictory to the experience of most American authors. A
      study, therefore, was undertaken to evaluate the hearing results obtained by this
      author through the use of homograft material in middle ear and mastoid
      reconstruction. These hearing results are categorized according to time periods,
      types of reconstruction, and materials used. The hearing statistics are all taken
      from audiograms obtained one year or more postoperatively. These correspond with
      the type of reconstruction employed such as an intact ossicular chain, absence of
      the malleus, absence of the superstructure of the stapes, or both. Other
      categories include tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy or reconstruction of the
      posterior canal wall with homograft knee cartilage. The surgical techniques are
      not discussed in this article because they have been detailed in previous
      publications.

PMID- 4058207
TI  - Histologic variants in otosclerosis.
AB  - A study of 164 temporal bones with otosclerosis revealed stapes fixation in 123.
      Large lesions (4 mm or larger) were characterized by involvement of the cochlear
      endosteum, increased cellular activity, and bone resorption. Anatomical sites of
      predilection were: 1. anterior to the oval window, 2. margins of the round
      window, and 3. apical-medial wall of the cochlea. Two of the five ears with
      cochlear otosclerosis were from a patient with severe bilateral hearing loss. The
      size, cellular activity, and location of otosclerotic lesions showed no
      correlation with the magnitude of sensorineural hearing loss. Subjects over 69
      years of age had greater bone-conduction losses than age-matched controls. Nine
      ears showed occlusion of the round window niche.

PMID- 4058208
TI  - Intraoperative BAER monitoring and hearing preservation in the treatment of
      acoustic neuromas.
AB  - We treated 20 cases of acoustic neuromas in the last 2 1/2 years using the
      suboccipital approach with intraoperative monitoring of eighth nerve function in
      an attempt to preserve hearing. Total tumor removal was accomplished in 18 cases.
      Three tumors were small (less than 2 cm in size); 3 tumors were moderate sized (2
      to 3 cm) and 14 tumors were large (greater than 3 cm). In 15 cases, all BAER
      components were lost during surgery. These patients had no postoperative hearing.
      In five patients there was intraoperative preservation of some or all BAER
      components. These included the three patients with small tumors and two other
      patients with moderate sized tumors. One patient with a moderate size tumor had
      preservation of wave 1 only, and had no postoperative speech discrimination. One
      patient with a small tumor retained all 5 BAER components, but had no
      postoperative hearing. Three patients in our series retained functional hearing
      after surgery, including 3 of 5 patients with tumors 2 cm or smaller.
      Intraoperative BAER monitoring appears to be useful in predicting postoperative
      hearing. Tumor size seems to be the primary factor in preservation of hearing
      following acoustic neuroma surgery.

PMID- 4058209
TI  - Predictive value of laryngeal electromyography in patients with vocal cord
      paralysis of neurogenic origin.
AB  - Laryngeal electromyography can provide prognostic information when evaluating
      patients with vocal cord dysfunction. Twenty-four patients were studied to
      determine the predictive capacity of this test. Six patients had bilateral vocal
      cord paralysis, constituting a total of 30 vocal cords examined. Sixteen of these
      cords had decreased or absent motor unit potentials, fibrillations, or positive
      waves. None of these patients recovered function. Fourteen cords demonstrated
      either normal motor unit or polyphasic potentials. Return of mobility was evident
      in 11 of these cords. The combined total was 27 of 30 cords correctly predicted,
      demonstrating a 90% accuracy rate.

PMID- 4058210
TI  - Counseling before laryngectomy.
AB  - Counseling of laryngectomy patients was studied by a questionnaire survey among
      294 fellows of the American Society for Head and Neck Surgery and otolaryngology
      house officers (77% attendings and 23% residents). Seventy-nine percent of
      respondents spent less than one hour counseling patients. Subjects emphasized
      during preoperative counseling included: extent of surgery, loss of speech,
      alternatives to surgery, immediate postoperative disfigurement, possible effects
      of surgery on life expectancy, and possibility of recurrence. At least 24% of
      physicians were unwilling to discuss the psychosocial effects laryngectomy.
      Ninety-five percent of respondents often or always included family members in
      preoperative counseling sessions. The speech pathologist was utilized by at least
      80% of the respondents to help with preoperative counseling. Differences in
      counseling practices between attendings and residents are discussed.

PMID- 4058211
TI  - Cricopharyngeal myotomy: a review of surgical results in patients with
      cricopharyngeal achalasia of neurogenic origin.
AB  - Cricopharyngeal myotomy is an effective procedure for the treatment of swallowing
      disorders due to dysfunction of the upper esophageal sphincter and pharyngeal
      musculature. Eight patients with documented pharyngeal and sphincteric
      dysfunction have undergone myotomies with significant improvement in swallowing
      associated with restoration of oral feeding without aspiration in 5, while 3
      patients have not improved. The preoperative work-up and evaluation is discussed
      as well as criteria that may identify those patients most likely to benefit from
      this treatment.

PMID- 4058212
TI  - Facial paralysis in Lyme disease.
AB  - Lyme disease is a multisystemic illness caused by a tick-borne spirochete. Once
      considered unique to the Connecticut coastline, thousands of cases are now
      documented throughout the United States, northern Europe, and Australia.
      Unilateral and bilateral facial paralysis may occur in up to 11% of patients with
      Lyme disease. This paper reviews the clinical course, distinguishing features,
      and outcome of 124 such palsies in 101 patients seen between 1975 and 1984. The
      99.2% spontaneous recovery rate demonstrates the unequivocally excellent
      prognosis of this palsy and confirms that operative intervention is not
      indicated. The otolaryngologist should consider this etiology in all otherwise
      idiopathic facial paralyses, especially when presenting in summer months in
      endemic areas, or when bilateral. Positive Lyme disease spirochete titers are
      helpful in the diagnosis. We believe antibiotics should be given to patients with
      this facial palsy in order to treat any other concurrent manifestations of the
      illness and to prevent subsequent complications.

PMID- 4058213
TI  - Laryngeal amyloidosis.
AB  - Localized laryngeal amyloidosis is a benign, rare tumor of the larynx. Six cases
      of laryngeal amyloidosis were evaluated and treated from 1967 through 1984. One
      case is that of an 8-year-old female: the youngest reported case. Therapy is
      directed towards surgical resection. The cases in this report had significant
      laryngeal involvement necessitating extensive surgery.

PMID- 4058214
TI  - Laryngopyocele as a cause of airway obstruction.
AB  - Symptomatic laryngoceles are unusual lesions. Laryngopyoceles are even more
      unusual, with a total of 32 cases reported in the world literature. Two cases of
      laryngopyocele presenting as airway obstruction are described along with a review
      of the anatomy, etiology, clinical course, and management of this lesion. An
      argument is made supporting the resection of the symptomatic laryngocele to
      prevent the rapid respiratory obstruction that may occur in the presence of a
      laryngopyocele.

PMID- 4058215
TI  - True vocal cord paralysis following intubation.
AB  - True vocal cord paralysis may follow endotracheal intubation and be the result of
      peripheral nerve damage. This damage can occur as the result of compressing the
      nerve between an inflated endotracheal tube cuff and the overlying thyroid
      cartilage. A series of anatomic dissections defined the likely site of injury to
      be at the junction of the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage and the
      membranous true vocal cord approximately 6 to 10 mm below the level of the cord.
      Cuff pressures were monitored during anesthetics. Analysis of the results
      indicated that nitrous oxide diffuses into endotracheal tube cuffs causing a
      substantial increase in the intracuff pressure. We have concluded that true vocal
      cord paralysis which follows endotracheal intubation is usually temporary. The
      solution to the problem lies in its prevention and several methods are described
      whereby it may be avoided.

PMID- 4058217
TI  - Plate fixation for open mandibular fractures.
AB  - Eighty-one patients with mandibular fractures were treated between November 1978
      and November 1983. Twenty-six of these patients had 47 comminuted open fractures
      treated with rigid internal fixation utilizing AO compression plating. No
      infected nonunion, osteomyelitis, or plate extrusion occurred. Occlusal
      relationships of remaining dentition were maintained with normal mandibular
      function in all patients. Rigid internal fixation is an excellent method for
      stabilizing and repairing comminuted open mandibular fractures. The technique
      provides immediate return of mandibular function which may be critical in the
      management of the polytraumatized patient.

PMID- 4058216
TI  - Operative complications of tracheoesophageal puncture.
AB  - Tracheoesophageal puncture is not a complex procedure; nevertheless, significant
      complications are possible. In the last four years we have performed this
      procedure in 47 patients. Seven of them (15%) sustained significant complications
      related to the procedure. These included three cases of mediastinitis and sepsis,
      although surgical drainage was not required. Three other patients developed
      cellulitis of the trachea and root of the neck, centered around the tract through
      the party wall; one patient suffered a fracture of the cervical spine. Eight
      lesser complications also occurred. Tracheoesophageal puncture's simplicity and
      effectiveness surpass those of any other surgical procedure for voice
      restoration. However, our experience demonstrates that, as with any operation,
      the technique may be associated with significant operative complications.

PMID- 4058218
TI  - Staging parameters for cancers of the head and neck: a multi-factorial analysis.
AB  - Utilizing a multi-variate computer based analysis technique, the 1,400 case head
      and neck tumor registry of Washington University was examined for possible
      staging variables as an alternative to the current TNM system. Site, age,
      characteristics of surgical margins, and absence of neck node metastasis were
      identified as being predictive of nonrecurrence of cancer. A computer model
      utilizing the variables was compared to the current TNM system and found to be
      somewhat better (71.2% vs. 65.2%) in accuracy of prediction of nonrecurrence of
      cancer. Further analysis suggests that future improvements in predictive ability
      of the model will have to await the identification of new variables such as those
      that might arise from the current work in areas of flow cytometry or human stem
      cell cultures.

PMID- 4058219
TI  - CT-directed fine needle aspiration biopsies of masses in the head and neck.
AB  - Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is a safe, reliable, and cost-effective
      technique available for the evaluation of head and neck masses. Its utility is
      enhanced by the use of CT-directed aspiration. Candidates for CT-directed FNA
      include patients with: 1. deep-seated lesions; 2. distorted anatomy as a result
      of surgery or irradiation; 3. medical problems which contraindicate general
      anesthesia. The initial UCLA experience with this modality is reviewed. In
      certain clinical settings, CT-directed FNA can be a highly productive source of
      clinical information.

PMID- 4058220
TI  - Otogenic complications with an intact tympanic membrane.
AB  - A review of 21 cases of complications of acute otitis media with a hyperemic,
      dull, bulging but intact tympanic membrane is presented. All cases had a
      retroauricular swelling. In 10 cases, a subperiosteal abscess was found, 1 of
      them complicated with a posterior fossa abscess, 2 had meningitis, 3 had
      Bezhold's abscess, 2 had thrombosis of the lateral sinus, 1 had a cerebellar
      abscess, 1 had cerebellitis, and 2 presented with facial nerve palsy. Ninety
      percent of the patients were below the age of 13. An incomplete course of
      antibiotic treatment was found to have been given in seven cases (30%) prior to
      admission. Surgical therapy consisted of a cortical mastoidectomy and a wide
      myringotomy. Ventilating tubes were inserted in three patients. The mastoid
      radiography demonstrated cloudiness, and CT scan was performed in six patients
      with suspected intracranial complications. The present study stresses that an
      intact tympanic membrane with minimal changes may be regarded by the medical
      profession with a low index of suspicion and can lead to severe otogenic
      complications. The disease can be masked by an improper antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 4058221
TI  - The giant cholesterol cyst of the petrous apex: a distinct clinical entity.
AB  - The giant cholesterol cyst (GCC) of the petrous apex may now be considered a
      distinct clinical entity and should be considered in the differential diagnosis
      of lesions of the midcranial skull base. This benign cystic lesion of the petrous
      apex gradually enlarges and may produce progressive bone erosion and serial
      neurologic deficits of the cranial nerves within the temporal bone and jugular
      foramen. We report here five instances of this lesion (3 patients with unilateral
      and 1 patient with bilateral petrous apex lesions) and describe the natural
      history, diagnostic evaluation, pathology, and surgical management.

PMID- 4058222
TI  - Customizing tracheotomy tubes.

PMID- 4058223
TI  - A stent for the corrective management of bilateral choanal atresia.

PMID- 4058224
TI  - Sectioning temporal bones with disposable knives: a new and useful method.

PMID- 4058225
TI  - Obtaining specimens of discharge from the middle ear for cultures.

PMID- 4058226
TI  - Adult epiglottitis.

PMID- 4058227
TI  - [Lipid islands in the esophagus].
AB  - Lipid islets (xanthomas, xanthelasmas) occur rather frequently in gastric mucosa;
      such islets have been described in the esophagus just recently. We have observed
      such a patient. As has been the case in the first patient described, the islets
      were located in the middle part of the esophagus and appeared during endoscopy as
      flat, yellowish elevations. On biopsy, foam-cell macrophages were found in the
      tunica propria of the esophageal mucosa. Pathogenesis of the lipid islets in our
      patient could be caused by a disturbance of carbohydrate and fat metabolism.

PMID- 4058228
TI  - [Adenocarcinoma of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the proximal esophagus].
AB  - 25 cases of adenocarcinoma of the proximal esophagus have been described in the
      literature up to now, only two of them arose from heterotopic gastric mucosa. Two
      more such case reports are given here.

PMID- 4058229
TI  - [Adenomyoma of the stomach (pancreatic heterotopia)--case report and review of
      the literature].
AB  - A case report is given of a patient, who harbored a gastric adenomyoma; this is a
      special form of heterotopic pancreatic tissue including excessive formation of
      smooth muscle tissue. Size and localization of the tumor were unusual in our
      case. The case presented is discussed taking into account the literature
      available.

PMID- 4058230
TI  - [Ulceration of large leiomyoma of the stomach].
AB  - Two case reports are given of patients harboring big gastric leiomyoma with
      central ulceration. X-ray, endoscopic and intraoperative findings are described;
      the surgical procedure is discussed.

PMID- 4058231
TI  - [Disorders of intestinal flora in intensive care patients].
AB  - The intestinal flora under normal conditions prevents colonisation of the
      intestinal mucosa with pathogenic bacteria. Various diseases as well as
      antibiotics may disturb the host/bacteria balance. If patients are in addition
      immunocompromised, otherwise commensal bacteria may cause life threatening
      infections. Treatment of intensive care patients with antibiotics thus should
      account for preservation of resistance against colonization. Antibiotics active
      against anaerobes or poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, or excreted
      in the bile should be avoided. In patients with colitis induced by antibiotics
      the number of clostridium difficile with subsequent toxin production are greatly
      increased as a consequence of the killing of the normal anaerobic colon bacterial
      flora; in these patients vancomycin has to be applied. Mostly "dysbiosis" caused
      by antibiotics does not need any treatment. Therapeutic adjuncts like the
      administration of bacterial preparations e.g. lactobacilli are of no value.

PMID- 4058232
TI  - [Open wound treatment in diffuse fibrinous-purulent peritonitis].
AB  - Diffuse fibrinous-purulent peritonitis is an acute life threatening disease.
      Intensive care will at least for some time help to support vital functions even
      in patients with severe course, general intoxication, and multiple organ failure.
      A cure, however, can only be achieved if the cause for the intoxication syndrome
      can be eliminated by appropriate surgical procedures. The surgical procedures
      have to follow the general principles of septic surgery, including in certain
      cases air dressing, open treatment of wounds.

PMID- 4058233
TI  - Mycobacterium vaccae and immune responses: implications for leprosy control.

PMID- 4058234
TI  - Leprosy in children aged 0-14 years: report of an 11-year control programme.

PMID- 4058235
TI  - Malignancy in chronic ulcers in leprosy: a report of 5 cases from Northern
      Nigeria.

PMID- 4058236
TI  - [Congenital deficiency of the posterior arch of the atlas].

PMID- 4058237
TI  - [Traumatic intercosto-abdomino-lumbar hernia].

PMID- 4058238
TI  - [Pathoanatomic and clinical aspects of retinoblastoma].

PMID- 4058239
TI  - [How shall we treat internal hemorrhoids: rubber band ligation,
      cryohemorrhoidectomy or a combination of both methods?].

PMID- 4058240
TI  - [Transcatheter embolization of branches of the external carotid artery in
      patients with intracranial meningiomas].

PMID- 4058241
TI  - [10 years' experience in the treatment of fractures of the proximal end of the
      femur using internal fixation].

PMID- 4058242
TI  - Cimetidine transport in rat renal brush border and basolateral membrane vesicles.
AB  - The transport of cimetidine by rat renal brush border and basolateral membrane
      vesicles has been studied in relation to the transport system of organic cation.
      Cimetidine inhibited [3H]tetraethylammonium uptake by basolateral membrane
      vesicles in a dose dependent manner, and the degree of the inhibition was almost
      the same as that by unlabeled tetraethylammonium. In contrast, cimetidine
      inhibited the active transport of [3H]tetraethylammonium by brush border membrane
      vesicles more strongly than unlabeled tetraethylammonium did. In agreement with
      the transport mechanism of tetraethylammonium in brush border membranes, the
      presence of an H+ gradient ([H+]i greater than [H+]o) induced a marked
      stimulation of cimetidine uptake against its concentration gradient (overshoot
      phenomenon), and this concentrative uptake was inhibited by unlabeled
      tetraethylammonium. These results suggest that cimetidine can share common
      carrier transport systems with tetraethylammonium in renal brush border and
      basolateral membranes, and that cimetidine transport across brush border
      membranes is driven by an H+ gradient via an H+-organic cation antiport system.

PMID- 4058243
TI  - Long-term effect of postnatal hypoxia on the seizure susceptibility in rats.
AB  - The effects of postnatal hypoxia at ten days of age on the pentylenetetrazol
      (PTZ)-induced seizure and amygdaloid kindling were investigated in male adult
      rats. The rats with postnatal hypoxia were significantly more susceptible to PTZ
      and had a significantly more easily induced amygdaloid kindling with a rapid
      propagation of afterdischarges to the contralateral amygdala than the control
      group. Light microscopic examination in one adult rat brain with postnatal
      hypoxia revealed no abnormal histopathological changes. The present study
      suggests that the consequences of postnatal hypoxia in rats remain for a long
      time as enhancement in seizure susceptibility.

PMID- 4058244
TI  - Scheduled feeding versus the light-dark cycle on the rhythms of circulating
      tryptophan, serotonin and N-acetylserotonin in rats.
AB  - Both the environmental light-dark cycle and scheduled feeding can act as
      entrainers of biological rhythms. The present study investigated the relative
      potency of these two environmental cues in entraining the rhythms of circulating
      tryptophan (TRP), serotonin (5HT) and N-acetylserotonin (NAS). Four groups of
      rats were subjected for one month to an identical light-dark cycle of 14 h light
      and 10 h dark with food availability restricted to the 3 h period beginning 2 h
      after onset of light or onset of darkness. Two groups of animals were food
      deprived on the day of experiment. The 24 h rhythms of serum TRP, 5HT and NAS
      were determined. Serum TRP showed a sharp increase after food presentation and
      declined gradually to a trough just before feeding. Withholding food on the day
      of experiment abolished this increase. The trough of serum 5HT occurred just
      before feeding, increased gradually after feeding and peaked 10-13 h afterwards.
      Serum NAS levels, however, demonstrated an anticipatory rise before feeding,
      which peaked during feeding and declined to a trough 8 h afterwards. Unlike TRP,
      withholding food had no effect on either the 5HT or the NAS rhythm. These results
      indicated that feeding schedule was the common and stronger entrainer for the
      rhythms of serum TRP, 5HT and NAS. However, each indole had a different rhythm
      pattern in relation to the feeding schedule which could not be explained by a
      simple precursor-product relationship.

PMID- 4058245
TI  - Simultaneous catalepsy and apomorphine-induced stereotypic behavior in mice.
AB  - Intraventricular administration of haloperidol or chlorpromazine produces
      catalepsy and blocks apomorphine-induced stereotypic behavior. Low
      intraventricular doses of domperidone, sulpiride and spiperone, equally
      cataleptogenic as haloperidol or chlorpromazine, augment rather than diminish
      stereotypic behavior produced by subsequent apomorphine treatment. The resultant
      stereotypic behavior continues even while the animal is in a rigid cataleptic
      posture and is marked by persistent gnawing and licking. Prior to the induction
      of catalepsy and after recovery from it, mice display the entire range of typical
      apomorphine-induced behavior including sniffing, climbing, gnawing, and licking.
      This animal model may be related to the clinical observation of the coexistence
      of tardive dyskinesia and drug-induced Parkinsonism in individual patients.

PMID- 4058246
TI  - Diuretic effects on renal brush border membrane transport and metabolism.
AB  - Previous studies have indicated that the thiazide diuretics exert effects on
      proximal electrolyte transport. To determine whether the locus of these effects
      is at the brush border membrane (BBM) and if renal metabolism is affected, adult
      female Sprague-Dawley rats were acutely treated with either 1 mg/kg metolazone,
      20 mg/kg chlorothiazide followed by a 20 mg/kg/hr maintenance infusion, 10 mg/kg
      acetazolamide followed by a 10 mg/kg/hr maintenance infusion, or the vehicles
      only. Administration of these agents resulted in an approximately tenfold
      increase in sodium excretion. Neither urinary phosphate nor inulin excretion
      changed significantly in any group. Sodium dependent BBM vesicle phosphate
      transport was examined at 0.15, 0.5, and 1 and 120 minute incubation periods in
      the diuretic treated groups and their respective control groups. Decreased uptake
      was seen in all pre-equilibrium time points in rats treated with metolazone: 0.15
      minutes: 221 +/- 24 pmoles/mg protein (pmol/mg prot) in control rats versus (vs)
      185 +/- 23 pmoles/mg prot in metolazone-treated animals (P less than .05) ; 0.5
      minutes: 463 +/- 54 vs 369 +/- 49 pmol/mg prot (P less than .005); 1 minute: 549
      +/- 74 vs 460 +/- 61 pmol/mg prot (P less than .05); no significant difference in
      phosphate transport was noted at the two hour equilibrium time point. No
      significant differences in sodium dependent phosphate transport existed between
      chlorothiazide or acetazolamide treated rats and control animals. Substrate
      stimulated renal gluconeogenesis did not differ between metolazone treated and
      control animals. We therefore conclude that metolazone inhibits phosphate
      transport through an effect on the BBM and does not affect renal gluconeogenesis
      in the rat.

PMID- 4058247
TI  - Mitochondrial enzyme retention by irreversibly damaged rectangular isolated adult
      rat heart myocytes.
AB  - A one hour hypoxic incubation causes the release of a small but significant
      amount of cytosolic lactic dehydrogenase from glucose-deprived isolated adult rat
      heart myocytes. However, enzymes associated with the mitochondria are not
      liberated, and there is no increase in the number of hypercontracted cells. These
      observations led Piper et al. (Life Sciences 35, 127-134 [1984]) to conclude that
      reversibly injured myocytes can release cytosolic proteins. This conclusion was
      based on the supposition that irreversibly hypoxic injury must cause
      mitochondrial enzyme efflux and hypercontracture. The present study establishes
      that this supposition is invalid.

PMID- 4058248
TI  - Taurine's possible protective role in age-dependent response to calcium paradox.
AB  - When hearts were reperfused with Ca++ after a short period of Ca++-free
      perfusion, irreversible loss of electrical and mechanical activity was observed.
      This phenomenon, first described by Zimmerman and Hulsmann, was termed the
      "calcium paradox". Chizzonite and Zak recently reported that rat hearts exhibited
      an age-dependent response in a calcium paradox model. The taurine (2
      aminoethanesulfonic acid) content of hearts in the newborn animal is high, and
      decreases rapidly during the first few days of life. The present experiments were
      performed to test whether the myocardial taurine content was closely linked to an
      age-dependent response in the calcium paradox model, using post-hatched chicks.
      The mechanical dysfunction of the heart was much more severe in 9-day-old post
      hatched chicks than in 2-day-old chicks when the hearts were subjected to the
      calcium paradox. Myocardial taurine content was lower in the 9-day-old chicks
      than in the 2-day-old chicks. The age-related response to the calcium paradox was
      partially protected by oral pretreatment with taurine, and there was a small
      increase in myocardial taurine level. It is proposed that myocardial taurine is
      one factor in the protection against the calcium paradox phenomenon.

PMID- 4058249
TI  - Phenylacetic acid production in dominant and non-dominant vervet monkeys.
AB  - Free and conjugated plasma phenylacetic acid concentrations were significantly
      higher in dominant male vervet monkeys than in non-dominant males living in
      stable social groups. These findings may be connected with an earlier observation
      that plasma from aggressive human psychopaths contains higher concentrations of
      phenylacetic acid than non-aggressive controls; whether they reflect an increased
      production of phenylethylamine is still unknown.

PMID- 4058251
TI  - Determination of the endogenous and evoked release of catecholamines from the
      hypothalamus and caudate nucleus of the conscious and unrestrained rat.
AB  - The action of catecholamines within the CNS is important for the expression of
      numerous vegetative and behavioral functions. To understand the role these amines
      play, it is necessary to measure changes in the levels of these transmitter
      substances by utilizing new developments and methodology in the behaving animal.
      Utilizing new developments in methodology, it is possible to measure the release
      of amines into perfusates obtained from specific sites in the brain of the rat
      under basal and evoked conditions without prior purification or concentration.
      Using the push-pull perfusion technique, perfusates were obtained from the
      hypothalamus and caudate nucleus and analyzed by liquid chromatography with
      electrochemical detection. It is possible to readily determine basal release of
      dopamine from the caudate nucleus. Detection of both dopamine and noradrenaline
      is possible under ephedrine stimulated conditions from both the caudate nucleus
      and the hypothalamus. Although levels of serotonin (5-HT) were detected in brain
      perfusates, it may not be of neuronal origin. It may be possible to use these
      techniques to delineate the roles these amines play in various physiological
      functions.

PMID- 4058250
TI  - Diurnal rhythm of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG): relationship between
      plasma and urinary levels.
AB  - Plasma and urinary levels of MHPG were determined in six normal volunteers.
      Samples were obtained at 3-hour intervals for plasma and at 12-hour intervals for
      urine. Acrophase, amplitude and period were determined for plasma MHPG levels. A
      sinusoidal pattern was obtained for diurnal plasma MHPG with a peak at 15:00 hrs.
      +/- 46 min. Urinary MHPG, corrected for creatinine levels, correlated with both 9
      AM plasma MHPG and with baseline plasma MHPG. Furthermore, the relationship
      between plasma and urinary MHPG was linear when the rhythm of urinary levels was
      assumed to lag 6.2 hours behind the plasma rhythm. It was concluded that free
      MHPG is evenly distributed in the total body space and that conjugated MHPG is
      largely restricted to the blood.

PMID- 4058252
TI  - Detection by HPLC-EC of primary amines recovered in aqueous push-pull perfusates
      from cat cuneate nucleus.
AB  - A method is described for the quantitative detection of primary amines -
      particularly free amino acids - recovered in aqueous push-pull perfusates
      obtained from the cat cuneate nucleus. Isoindole derivatives of primary amine
      groups are formed by precolumn reaction with o-phthalaldehyde and
      mercaptoethanol. Derivatized sample components are separated and detected using
      HPLC with electrochemical detection. Of 22 amino acids standards studied
      individually, 12 were detectable under the conditions described. Variability of
      elution times and detector output peak heights were less than 2% and less than
      10%, respectively. Concentration curves were linear to the 10 picomole order of
      magnitude. For cuneate nucleus perfusates, samples recovered during continuous
      peripheral somatosensory stimulation contained detectable derivative levels
      elevated above those of control samples. Sources of error in data interpretation
      are discussed.

PMID- 4058253
TI  - Measurement of proenkephalin A-derived peptides in biological tissues by high
      pressure liquid chromatography coupled with amperometric electrochemical
      detection.
AB  - We describe an analytic method for the separation and quantitation of a number of
      proenkephalin A-derived peptides using high pressure liquid chromatography
      coupled with amperometric electrochemical detection (HPLC-AECD). Initially, we
      coupled our HPLC separation system with AECD in series with a UV detector for
      additional confirmation of peak specificity. AECD provided a 10(6)-fold increase
      in sensitivity over UV detection for these peptides. In addition to Met
      enkephalin (ME), ME-Arg, ME-Arg-Phe, ME-Arg-Gly-Leu, Leu-enkephalin (LE) and LE
      Arg (Dyn 1-6), we separated and detected the sulfoxides of ME and its extended
      peptides. Subsequently, we used minor modifications of the isocratic mobile phase
      to separate and detect enkephalin-related peptides with greater sensitivity and
      shorter chromatographic run times; each of these mobile phases was used to
      separate and detect two to three peptides. We have applied this HPLC-AECD
      methodology to quantitate ME, ME-Arg-Phe, ME-Arg-Gly-Leu and LE in
      pheochromocytoma tumors.

PMID- 4058254
TI  - Thiazide-induced hypercholesterolemia: sex differences.
AB  - Thiazide diuretics are used commonly to treat hypertension. Unfortunately, they
      also are known to elevate serum cholesterol levels. Because serum lipid fraction
      levels differ between the sexes, possible sex-related differences in thiazide
      induced changes in serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and high
      density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were examined. Four groups of male
      and female hamsters were treated for a minimum of 3 months with
      hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) at zero, 1, 2 or 4 mg/kg/day. At zero dose, there was
      no difference in TG levels between the sexes; however, females had significantly
      higher TG concentrations than did males at 1, 2 and 4 mg HCTZ (all p less than
      0.05). Females demonstrate a significant dose response with HCL-C levels
      increasing with increasing doses of HCTZ, (r = 0.983; p less than 0.02); in
      contrast males had a similar increase in HDL-C at all dose levels (all p less
      than 0.05) thus there was no demonstrable dose response (r = 0.539). Total
      cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in the females than in males
      (p less than 0.05) at all 3 dose levels as well as at zero dose. Further, the
      females demonstrated a direct dose response in TC levels (r = 0.986; p less than
      0.02) while the males showed no such dose response (r = 0.824; p less than 0.01).
      Based on these findings we conclude that: 1) HCTZ increases TG, TC and HDL-C
      levels in both male and female hamsters; 2) TC levels are higher in females than
      in males regardless of HCTZ dose; 3) only females show a dose-dependent increase
      in HCL-C and TC in response to HCTZ. These sex-related changes in lipid fractions
      occurring with HCTZ treatment, if they occur in humans, may contribute to sex
      related differences in rates and severity of atherosclerosis in HCTZ-treated
      populations.

PMID- 4058255
TI  - Effect of indomethacin on hepatic glucose production in vitro: the impact of
      hepatic glycogen content.
AB  - The effect of indomethacin (IND) on glucagon-induced hepatic glucose production
      (HGP) was studied in the isolated perfused livers of rats. Addition of IND (0.2
      mM) to the perfusion medium had no effect on glucagon-stimulated HGP when
      compared to control experiments without added IND (1.02 +/- 0.17 vs. 1.00 +/-
      0.26 mmol per (120 min X 100 g b.w.), respectively; NS). Intravenous pretreatment
      with both, IND (10 mg/kg b.w.), or vehicle resulted in a reduction in glucagon
      induced HGP due to a decrease in hepatic glycogen content. A complete depletion
      of the hepatic glycogen pool and thus a lack in glucagon-stimulated HGP was
      observed when IND was given intraperitoneally. These results indicate that the
      changes in HGP observed after pretreatment with IND may largely if not completely
      be due to a non-specific depletion in hepatic glycogen content and that IND does
      not exert a direct influence on HGP.

PMID- 4058256
TI  - Production of "ectopic" vasoactive intestinal peptide-like immunoreactivity in
      normal human chromaffin cell cultures.
AB  - Vasoactive intestinal peptide-like immunoreactivity (VIPLI) is not detectable in
      normal adult human chromaffin cells in vivo, but was demonstrated in cultured
      chromaffin cells from two normal adults after 22 days in vitro. Cellular content
      of VIPLI was markedly increased in the presence of nerve growth factor, which
      also stimulated neurite outgrowth. Catecholamine content decreased in the same
      cultures, and was not regulated in parallel with VIPLI. The amounts of VIPLI in
      normal human chromaffin cells in culture are comparable to those previously
      reported in human pheochromocytoma cell cultures. Theoretical models have
      attributed production of ectopic peptides by pheochromocytomas and other tumors
      to "immaturity" of tumor cells. Our findings, however, indicate that neither
      neoplasia nor cellular immaturity is a prerequisite for ectopic peptide
      production. Ectopic neuropeptides produced by normal chromaffin cells which
      undergo neuronal differentiation are of potential clinical importance in patients
      receiving autologous chromaffin cell transplants for Parkinsons' disease.

PMID- 4058257
TI  - The binding of 3H-acetylcholine to cholinergic receptors in bovine cerebral
      arteries.
AB  - Cholinergic receptor sites in bovine cerebral arteries were analyzed using
      radioligand binding techniques with the cholinergic agonist, 3H-acetylcholine
      (ACh), as the ligand. Specific binding of 3H-ACh to membrane preparations of
      bovine cerebral arteries was saturable, of two binding sites, with dissociation
      constant (KD) values of 0.32 and 23.7 nM, and maximum binding capacity (Bmax)
      values of 67 and 252 fmol/mg protein, respectively. Specific binding of 3H-ACh
      was displaced effectively by muscarinic cholinergic agents and less effectively
      by nicotinic cholinergic agents. IC50 values of cholinergic drugs for 3H-ACh
      binding were as follows: atropine, 38.5 nM; ACh, 59.8 nM; oxotremorine, 293 nM;
      scopolamine 474 nM; carbamylcholine, 990 nM. IC50 values of nicotinic cholinergic
      agents such as nicotine, cytisine and alpha-bungarotoxin exceeded 50 microM.
      Choline acetyltransferase activity was 1.09 nmol/mg protein/hour in the cerebral
      arteries. These findings suggest that the cholinergic nerves innervate the bovine
      cerebral arteries and that there are at least two classes of ACh binding sites of
      different affinities on muscarinic receptors in these arteries.

PMID- 4058258
TI  - Behaviorally active oxytocin fragments simultaneously attenuate heroin self
      administration and tolerance in rats.
AB  - Maintenance of intravenous heroin self-administration and the degree of tolerance
      to the analgesic effect of self-injected heroin were simultaneously measured in
      heroin-tolerant rats. Subcutaneous injection of oxytocin (OXT-(1-9)) and of its
      behaviorally active fragments desglycinamide9-oxytocin (OXT-(1-8)) and
      [pGlu4,Cyt6]-oxytocin-(4-8) (OXT-(4-8)) decreased the amount of heroin self
      injected. The C-terminal tripeptide of oxytocin (prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide, PLG,
      OXT-(7-9)) and desglycinamide9-[Arg]8-vasopressin (AVP-(1-8] were ineffective in
      this respect. In spite of the lower amount of self-injected heroin after
      pretreatment with oxytocin fragments, no differences in the antinociceptive
      effect of self-injected heroin, as assessed by the lick response using a hot
      plate device, were observed after pretreatment with placebo and oxytocin
      fragments. These findings suggest that oxytocin and some of its behaviorally
      active fragments attenuate heroin tolerance and that this effect may result in a
      diminished heroin intake in tolerant animals self-injecting heroin.

PMID- 4058259
TI  - GABA uptake inhibitors produce a greater antinociceptive response in the mouse
      tail-immersion assay than other types of GABAergic drugs.
AB  - Antinociception produced by the GABA uptake inhibitors d,l- SKF-89976A and SKF
      100330A was characterized and compared to that produced by other types of
      GABAergic drugs. Using the mouse tail-immersion assay it was found that the
      antinociception produced by the uptake inhibitors was antagonized by scopolamine,
      a cholinergic muscarinic receptor antagonist. However, neither SKF compound
      demonstrated any significant affinity for muscarinic receptor binding sites
      suggesting that they are not direct-acting cholinomimetics. In vitro uptake
      experiments revealed that the SKF compounds selectively inhibit GABA transport,
      having no effect on the accumulation of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, beta
      alanine or glycine. Moreover, antinociception and GABA uptake inhibition were
      stereoselective for SKF-89976A, with the d-isomer being more active in both
      tests. When comparing antinociceptive responses at maximally effective doses it
      was also found that the SKF compounds were substantially more efficacious than
      direct-acting GABA receptor agonists or a GABA transaminase inhibitor. These data
      suggest that uptake inhibitors may be facilitating GABA transmission in a system
      that is less affected by other types of GABAergic compounds.

PMID- 4058260
TI  - Up-regulation of serotonergic binding sites labeled by [3H]WB4101 following
      fimbrial transection and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine-induced lesions.
AB  - Lesions of the serotonergic afferents to the hippocampus, by fimbrial transection
      or by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine treatment, produce an increase in the Bmax of
      [3H]WB4101 to its nanomolar affinity binding site, with no effect on its
      picomolar affinity binding site or on [3H]prazosin binding. The nanomolar site is
      serotonergic as the serotonergic agonists, serotonin and 8
      hydroxydipropylaminotetraline (8-OH-DPAT) have nanomolar affinity for [3H]WB4101
      binding when studied in the presence of a prazosin mask (30 nM) of the alpha-1
      component of [3H]WB4101 binding. The serotonin receptor antagonists metergoline,
      lysergic acid diethylamide and lisuride also have high nanomolar affinities while
      ketanserin, yohimbine, prazosin and noradrenergic agonists have affinities in the
      micromolar range. Fimbrial transection or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine injections
      produced 32% and 44% increases in the Bmax of [3H]WB4101 binding in the presence
      of a prazosin mask. Serotonin competition for [3H]WB4101 binding was identical in
      control and experimental tissue from each lesion experiment. Although specific
      binding of [3H]WB4101 was increased, there was no change in the affinities or the
      percentages of the two binding components for serotonin competition with
      [3H]WB4101. These data suggest that removal of the serotonergic input to the
      hippocampus produces an increase in the Bmax of serotonin receptor binding sites
      labeled by [3H]WB4101.

PMID- 4058261
TI  - Plasma catecholamine measurements in resting and stressed conscious rats, using
      high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.
AB  - Plasma epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE) were measured in conscious,
      unrestrained rats at rest, and following exercise, cold stress and hemorrhage.
      Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were monitored at all points. Minor
      modifications of a standard, commercially available methodology achieved good
      chromatographic separation of both EPI and NE. Sensitivity was sufficient for all
      NE measurements and for EPI measurements in the stress conditions. Estimates of
      EPI by this procedure were somewhat higher than those in other reports. Absolute
      values of NE, as well as the selective, qualitative changes found in both EPI and
      NE under each stress condition, were consistent with those found in other studies
      which used the radioenzymatic method. Blood withdrawal of two 1.5 ml samples, 3
      hours apart, had no detectable effect on EPI, NE, mean arterial pressure or heart
      rate in otherwise non-stressed rats.

PMID- 4058262
TI  - Cardiac lipid changes in rats fed oils enriched in saturates and their apparent
      relationship to focal heart lesions.
AB  - Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing 20% by weight corn,
      soybean or low erucic acid rapeseed oils or mixtures of the latter two with cocoa
      butter or triolein for 1, 2, 3 or 4 weeks. These diets previously had been fed to
      the same strain of rats for 16 weeks, and a reduction in the incidence of focal
      heart lesions had been observed with the addition of cocoa butter, but not
      triolein. The cardiac lipid classes and the fatty acid and alkenyl ethers of the
      cardiac phospholipids were analyzed to determine if changes could be attributed
      to the observed cardiopathological response, and at what time. Cardiac lipid
      classes changed during post-weaning development, but only triacylglycerol was
      diet-related. A number of fatty acid changes were observed in the cardiac
      phospholipids which reflected the relative concentration of saturates,
      monounsaturates, linoleic acid and linolenic acid in the diet, but only the
      changes in saturates and the C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids from the linolenic
      acid family appeared to be related to the incidence of focal heart lesions.
      Arachidonic acid and the total C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids remained fairly
      constant throughout the feeding trial. Cardiac diphosphatidylglycerol was least
      affected by dietary manipulation, while nervonic acid increased in cardiac
      sphingomyelin when small amounts of erucic acid were present in the diet. Fatty
      acid changes were essentially completed after one week on the experimental diets,
      whereas changes in the alkenyl ethers took two to three weeks.

PMID- 4058264
TI  - Fatty acids and fatty alcohols of wax esters in the orange roughy: specific
      textures of minor polyunsaturated and branched-chain components.
AB  - Open-tubular gas chromatography was carried out on fatty acids and alcohols
      obtained from wax esters of the orange roughy, Hoplostethus atlanticus, caught at
      sea off New Zealand. The major (above 5%) components were 16:1(n-7), 18:1(n-9)
      and (n-7), 20:1(n-9) and (n-7), and 22:1(n-11, n-13) as fatty acids, and 16:0,
      18:0, 18:1(n-9), 20:1(n-9) and (n-7), and 22:1(n-11, n-13) as fatty alcohols. The
      total percentages of the minor components were 10% in the acids and 26% in the
      alcohols. The 22:1/20:1 ratio of the fatty alcohols obtained in this study was
      less than 1.0, although the ratio for the Atlantic orange roughy has been
      reported as being greater than 1.0. The contents of polyenes were as low as 2.48%
      in the acids and 0.95% in the alcohols, but their compositions showed some
      specific features. The percentages of the C16-C22 dienes in the total polyenes
      were remarkably high, 57.7% of these acids and 53.1% of these alcohols. The most
      important dienes were 18:2(n-6) in the acids and 20:2(n-6) in the alcohols.

PMID- 4058263
TI  - Long-term effects of high-fat diets on peroxisomal beta-oxidation in male and
      female rats.
AB  - In weanling male rats a 4-fold increase of heart triacylglycerols was observed
      after three days on a high-fat diet containing partially hydrogenated fish oil
      (PHFO). In female rats this increase was only about 50%. No significant
      differences were observed between female and male rats in the fatty acid
      composition of the accumulated lipids. The initial level of peroxisomal beta
      oxidation activity was similar in male and female rats in both liver and heart.
      After three weeks of receiving high-fat diets, the rats showed a marked increase
      in peroxisomal beta-oxidation activity with PHFO in the diet and less with
      soybean oil (SO), confirming previous studies with male rats. Catalase activity
      was similarly affected in hearts of both sexes. In male rats the levels of
      peroxisomal beta-oxidation observed after three weeks of feeding on the high-fat
      diets were found to be maintained, both in liver and heart, during a feeding
      period of three months. The response to high-fat diets in females, however, seems
      to be further accentuated after three months of feeding, resulting in a capacity
      of peroxisomal beta-oxidation in liver of about three times that of the male rats
      when calculated on a total body-weight basis.

PMID- 4058265
TI  - The monounsaturated acyl- and alkyl- moieties of wax esters and their
      distribution in commercial orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) oil.
AB  - Wax esters were isolated from commercial orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus)
      oil by column chromatography and fractionated by argentation thin layer
      chromatography. Following transesterification, the resultant fatty acid methyl
      esters and fatty alcohols were analyzed by gas chromatography. Both acyl- and
      alkyl-moieties were mainly of the monoene structure within the 16:1-22:1 range.
      After derivatization, the positions of the double bonds of even numbered fatty
      acid and fatty alcohol isomers were located by chromatography-mass spectrometry
      and compared. Results of these positional analyses indicate that the primary
      desaturation reactions takes place in the delta 9 position of pre-existing (C14
      to C24) acyl chains. It is proposed that acyl components from 18:1 are subjected
      to chain elongation to form a mixture of 24:1 isomers as the final product. Apart
      from the 24:1 acyl moiety of the wax esters, in which the double bond was almost
      exclusively in the delta 15 position, de novo biosynthetic reactions on acids and
      alcohols appear to yield related acyl- and alkyl-moieties of resynthesized wax
      esters.

PMID- 4058266
TI  - The distribution and acyl composition of plasmalogens in guinea pig heart.
AB  - In guinea pig heart homogenate, 34% of both choline and ethanolamine
      phosphoglycerides were in the form of plasmalogens (1-alkenyl, 2-acyl
      glycerophospholipid). Plasmalogens accounted for 39% of the choline
      phosphoglycerides and 36% of the ethanolamine phosphoglycerides in the
      mitochondrial fraction. Ethanolamine plasmalogen was the major ethanolamine
      phosphoglyceride (63%) in the guinea pig heart microsomal fraction. A high
      arachidonyl content was found in both diacyl and 1-alkenyl, 2-acyl
      glycerophosphoethanolamine. The C-2 fatty acyl profiles of the diacyl and 1
      alkenyl, 2-acyl choline phosphoglycerides differed considerably from each other
      in the homogenate as well as in the subcellular fractions. Significant
      differences in the C-2 fatty acyl profiles also were observed in diacyl and 1
      alkenyl, 2-acyl ethanolamine phosphoglycerides. Such differences suggest there is
      no direct metabolic relationship between the diacyl glycerophosphocholine (
      ethanolamine) and its plasmalogen analog.

PMID- 4058267
TI  - Turnover of phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine in ether-phospholipids of
      Krebs II ascite cells.
AB  - Krebs II ascite cells suspended in Eagle medium were incubated at 37 C for up to
      6 hr in the presence of [3H] glycerol or [32P] orthophosphate. After extraction,
      their lipids were treated with guinea pig phospholipase A1 under conditions where
      all diacyl-phospholipids (diacyl-PL) became hydrolyzed with 55% recovery of lyso
      PL. Using a bidimensional thin layer chromatography (TLC) involving exposure to
      HCl fumes between the two runs, it then became possible to determine at once the
      specific radioactivity of the three subclasses (diacyl-, alkylacyl- and
      alkenylacyl-) present in choline glycerophospholipids (CGP) and
      ethanolamineglycerophospholipids (EGP). Compared to diacyl-PL, a lower de novo
      synthesis of ether subclasses was evidenced in both CGP and EGP by [3H] glycerol
      incorporation. Although the same profile was obtained for CGP with [32P]
      orthophosphate, the three EGP subclasses displayed in this case the same specific
      radioactivity. These data indicate a higher turnover rate of the polar head group
      of ether-EGP compared to either-CGP. The simple methodology used in the present
      study might thus prove helpful in developing enzymatic studies dealing with the
      mechanism of this accelerated renewal.

PMID- 4058268
TI  - GSH-dependent inhibition of lipid peroxidation: properties of a potent cytosolic
      system which protects cell membranes.
AB  - Properties of a heat labile, nondialyzable cytosolic factor which prevents lipid
      peroxidation in membranous organelles are described. The factor is present in
      liver and other animal tissues, and its capacity to inhibit lipid peroxidation in
      membranes subjected to oxidative stress is greatly potentiated by glutathione
      (GSH), although GSH by itself has no inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation. The
      data obtained thus far indicate that one or more sulfhydryl groups associated
      with the factor is required for the inhibition. The mechanism by which lipid
      peroxidation is inhibited must involve prevention of initiation of peroxidation
      in the membranes, presumably by a process requiring one or more sulfhydryl groups
      associated with the heat labile factor. The latter appears to be protected by GSH
      while the factor is exerting its inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation. The
      factor is not one of the known GSH-dependent enzymes, and appears to be a potent
      and ubiquitous system for stabilizing cell membranes against oxidative damage.

PMID- 4058269
TI  - Norflurazon--an inhibitor of essential fatty acid desaturation in isolated liver
      cells.
AB  - Norflurazon is a herbicide known to inhibit carotene biosynthesis and linolenic
      acid biosynthesis in plants. In the present work, the effect of norflurazon on
      the metabolism of studied in isolated rat liver cells and in rat liver
      microsomes, incubated with [1-14C] labeled linolenic acid (18:3, n-3),
      dihomogammalinolenic acid (20:3, n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, n-3).
      Norflurazon (0.1 mM, 1.0 mM) was found to inhibit essential fatty acid
      desaturation. The delta 6 desaturation is inhibited more efficiently than the
      delta 5 and delta 4 desaturation. The chain elongation of essential C18 fatty
      acids to their C20 and C22 homologs was not inhibited by norflurazon.

PMID- 4058270
TI  - The liver in biliary obstruction due to chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - Biliary obstruction is an important complication of chronic calcifying
      pancreatitis. In this study, liver biopsies were examined to determine the nature
      and severity of hepatic complications in 23 such cases. The most striking changes
      were portal tract expansion due to oedema and fibrosis, with proliferation of
      bile ducts. Although common, these changes were not severe, and no patient had
      developed secondary biliary cirrhosis. Other features of note were intrahepatic
      cholestasis, iron overload (56.5%), copper-associated protein stained with the
      orcein technique (34.7%) and mild fatty change or perivenular sclerosis in 13%.
      It is concluded that no serious, irreversible pathological changes occurred in
      the liver despite clinically marked biliary obstruction.

PMID- 4058271
TI  - Antipyrine metabolism during hepatic regeneration in the rat.
AB  - We investigated antipyrine clearance and urinary excretion of 4
      hydroxyantipyrine, 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine and nor-antipyrine in rats after 70%
      partial hepatectomy. Antipyrine clearance recovered more slowly than liver weight
      but after 240 h both liver weight and antipyrine clearance had reached control
      values. During hepatic regeneration conversion of antipyrine to the three major
      metabolites was reduced, conversion to 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine being reduced
      more than conversion to the other metabolites. Antipyrine clearance was closely
      correlated to liver weight (r = 0.81), indicating a close relation between the
      functional hepatic mass and the liver weight during hepatic regeneration.

PMID- 4058272
TI  - One sample antipyrine clearance after 90% partial hepatectomy in the rat.
AB  - Antipyrine clearance was estimated by a one-sample saliva technique before and
      after 90% partial hepatectomy in nine rats. For comparison, the hepatic contents
      of cytochrome P450 and serum alanine amino transaminase activity were determined
      in vitro. Antipyrine clearance and hepatic cytochrome P450 were reduced according
      to the reduction in liver weight following hepatectomy. During hepatic
      regeneration, antipyrine clearance and liver weight increase identically, whereas
      total cytochrome P450 recovered more slowly, being 71% of initial values at the
      time when antipyrine clearance and liver weight had recovered. Serum alanine
      amino transferase activity increased 10-20 times 24 h after hepatectomy, and
      normalized after 52 h. The hepatic glutathione content per gram liver weight was
      unchanged during the regeneration, suggesting intact detoxification during
      hepatic regeneration. This study demonstrates that, although the assessment
      requires some time, and that a value cannot be attached to a fixed time-point,
      the one-sample antipyrine saliva clearance is a quantitative in vivo estimate of
      "functional hepatic mass". The test can easily be applied in animal studies where
      such a measure is requested.

PMID- 4058273
TI  - Detection of two forms of HBeAg (free-and IgG-bound HBeAg) in patients with HBe
      antigenemia using staphylococcus bearing protein A.
AB  - Protein A-bearing Staphylococcus aureus organisms (STA) were used to separate
      free HBeAg from IgG-bound HBeAg. Free HBeAg was detected in the supernate while
      IgG-bound HBeAg could be liberated from the pellets using MgCl2 or a glycine
      buffer. HBeAg was determined by radioimmunoassay and the results expressed as
      patient's cpm/normal control's cpm ratio (S/N ratio). This ratio was demonstrated
      to be proportionate to the antigen concentration and used as a titer of HBeAg.
      Sera of 40 HBsAg-negative healthy volunteers and 82 HBeAg-positive patients who
      were either asymptomatic HBsAg carriers or had various diseases including chronic
      persistent hepatitis (CPH), chronic active hepatitis (CAH), and renal disease
      undergoing hemodialysis, were tested for free HBeAg and IgG-bound HBeAg. Patients
      with CAH from two different countries were compared. Free HBeAg was detected in
      all patients but one, IgG-bound HBeAg was detected with similar prevalences (from
      56% to 67%) in HBsAg asymptomatic carriers, hemodialysis patients, CPH and
      Italian CAH patients. In contrast, all CAH patients from New York, who had
      frequently been exposed to HBV infection, had detectable levels of IgG-bound
      HBeAg, with the highest S/N ratios observed in the study, and frequently showed
      an unfavorable outcome. In AVH due to HBV and delta agent co-infection, IgG-bound
      HBeAg was detected in two of four patients only in the initial stage of the
      disease. The data reported indicate that a separate determination of free- and
      IgG-bound HBeAg may have clinical value.

PMID- 4058274
TI  - [Method of dynamic dosage fractionation in preoperative radiation therapy of
      esophageal cancer].
AB  - Dynamic dose fractionation in preoperative radiation therapy in 53 esophageal
      cancer patients comes down to the following: in the first 3 days a daily tumor
      dose was 4 Gy, then a daily dose was 2 Gy with a summary focal dose up to 36-42
      Gy. Therapeutic results for 127 patients served as control using the routine
      fractionation schedule: 2 Gy daily (5 times a week) up to a summary focal dose of
      40-45 Gy. The irradiated area included almost the entire length of the organ with
      the regional lymphatic collector. Good tolerance of the method of dynamic dose
      fractionation was noted: no increased frequency and severity of radiation
      reactions and complications were noted. The use of the new method made it
      possible to reduce the periods of preoperative irradiation and rehabilitation.
      Considerable tumor regression after the use of the above method was observed in
      69 +/- 8.7% of the patients, in the control group in 38.9 +/- 8.2% only. A
      simultaneous increase in the degree of radiation injury of tumors was noted in
      the study group (3rd-4th degree of radiation pathomorphism in 89.5 +/- 4.5% of
      the tumors); in the control group in 70.4 +/- 4.4%. Resectability did not differ
      significantly in both groups. The use of dynamic dose fractionation brought about
      improved results of combined treatment in general: an increase in the 2-year
      survival rates by 1.5 himes (59.2 +/- 6.7% as compared to 34.7 +/- 4.2%) was
      noted.

PMID- 4058275
TI  - [Planning combined radiation therapy of rectal cancer taking into account the
      biological effect of the radiation].
AB  - Biologically equivalent doses with various single values, fractionation,
      irradiated areas, relative biological efficacy, the time of radiation therapy for
      schedules of intracavitary and gamma-beam radiotherapy were determined for
      concomitant radiotherapy of rectal cancer patients. A radiation effect
      implementation factor was introduced making it possible to sum up equivalent dose
      values in critical points and to obtain equivalent isodose distributions.

PMID- 4058276
TI  - [Lymphostasis of the lower extremities following the radiation or combined
      treatment of malignant tumors].
AB  - The authors analysed the results of a lymphatic and phlebographic study of 76
      patients with lymphostasis of the lower limbs, I-IV degree, developing at varying
      time after combined modality (50 patients) or radiation therapy (26 patients) of
      malignant tumors, mainly pelvic and peritoneal. Lymphostasis development was
      determined by injury to the lymphatic collectors only or their combination with
      injury to the major veins. Therapeutic tactics should be selected taking account
      of the nature to injury of the lymphatic and venous vessels, the state of the
      compensatory mechanisms and the degree of compensation of the lymph- and blood
      outflow.

PMID- 4058277
TI  - [Computer tomography in the diagnosis of retroperitoneal nonorganic tumors].
AB  - The results of a follow-up of 128 patients with retroperitoneal nonorganic tumors
      showed that among diagnostic methods computerized tomography (CT) proved to be a
      valuable method in the recognition of nonorganic tumors of the retroperitoneal
      space permitting one to detect neoplasms in 92.6%. In spite of the fact that the
      main bulk of retroperitoneal nonorganic tumors had various images on computerized
      tomograms this method provided an opportunity to judge of the nature of
      nonorganic neoplasms on the basis of correlation of their structural elements,
      the prevalence of this or that tissue and the expression of disintegration
      processes. Diagnostic errors in CT of the patients with retroperitoneal
      nonorganic tumors were associated with objective difficulties determined by the
      peculiarities of interrelationships of a growing tumor with the adjacent organs.

PMID- 4058278
TI  - [Thermography in the dispensary care system for the population].

PMID- 4058279
TI  - [Radionuclide method of diagnosing cardial insufficiency of the stomach].

PMID- 4058280
TI  - [Rhabdomyosarcoma metastasis and growth during exposure to hyperglycemia,
      hyperthermia and ionizing radiation].

PMID- 4058281
TI  - [AGAT-R1 gamma therapy apparatus with programmed control].

PMID- 4058282
TI  - [Tables of the dosimetric values for contact radiation therapy in SI units].

PMID- 4058283
TI  - [Ionizing radiation sources for radioisotope teletherapy].

PMID- 4058284
TI  - Radiographic anatomy of the carpal bones.

PMID- 4058285
TI  - A primer on the pulmonary vasculature.

PMID- 4058286
TI  - Annular pancreas.

PMID- 4058287
TI  - [Optimization of the process parameters of washing and disinfecting articles of
      patient care].
AB  - Presented in the paper is a brief review of research efforts directed to the
      solution of problems of contamination, cleaning and disinfection of products for
      patient care currently used in general hospitals and clinics. The studies have
      been performed in the Medoborudovanie Research and Production Unit.

PMID- 4058288
TI  - [Complex approach to automating the process of producing distilled water and
      means for its delivery to the pharmacists' workplace].
AB  - Devices for water distillation and their operation in medical institutions are
      analyzed. Some promising circuit designs for modular aquadistillers are described
      with special reference to their advantages.

PMID- 4058289
TI  - [Development of control systems for air sterilizers].
AB  - The system to control a process of air sterilization is proposed. With the
      system, effects of operator's random errors on the quality of sterilized medical
      products may be eliminated. This is achieved through the control of the influence
      of a loading structure on the temperature field of a sterilizing agent. As a
      result, labour efficiency of medical personnel improves.

PMID- 4058290
TI  - [Set of sterilization equipment for large therapeutic institutions].
AB  - Some problems concerning the organization of sterilization departments in medical
      and prophylactic institutions of the Health Ministry of the USSR are discussed. A
      fundamentally new organizational scheme of work according to the three-zone
      principle is described. The set of equipment for large sterilization departments
      is presented. It ensures the operation based on the three-zone system.

PMID- 4058291
TI  - [Development and production of medical technology facilitating the work of
      medical personnel].

PMID- 4058292
TI  - [Oxygen transport in membrane oxygenators].
AB  - Mass transfer properties of the Soviet membrane oxygenator, MOCT, are tested. The
      liquid chambers of the oxygenator are made of disk membranes separating the
      moving blood from gas chambers. Processes of transportation and saturation of the
      blood film with oxygen are described by the simultaneous solution of the
      hydrodynamic and diffusion problem that is complicated by the chemical reaction.
      To derive approximate analytical solution the concept of a spreading front
      separating the area of the saturated blood layer from the venous area is applied.
      The expression for the thickness of the saturated layer and the oxygen flow to
      the blood is deduced as a function of the following parameters: membrane
      permeability, blood output, hemoglobin concentration, etc. The analytical
      solution is found to be satisfactory in describing experimental data obtained in
      the course of laboratory, clinical and biomedical tests.

PMID- 4058293
TI  - [Requirements for operating tables].
AB  - Analysis of current medical and engineering requirements for operating tables for
      adults and children is presented. Special attention is paid to the classification
      of operating tables, to the requirements for their design, operation, and
      service. Future trends in development of operating tables are discussed.

PMID- 4058294
TI  - [Status and outlook for the development of transportation facilities in
      therapeutic institutions].

PMID- 4058295
TI  - [Improved schedules for steam sterilization of rubber medical products].
AB  - The effect of residual air concentration in a sterilization chamber and of
      technique of its removal on the heating rate of an object are studied as well as
      the effect of packaging density on the process of air removal and on the object's
      warming up. The following rubber medical products have been used as objects:
      surgical gloves, drainage and connecting tubes, and stoppers. The studies make it
      possible to define the gravity-fluctuation technique as the optimum one for air
      removal, and the optimum loading density of sterilization boxes that ensures the
      object sterility.

PMID- 4058296
TI  - [Automated presterilization treatment of surgical gloves].

PMID- 4058297
TI  - [Outlook for development and industrial production of means for facilitating the
      work of medical personnel].

PMID- 4058298
TI  - A new technique for anastomosing veins to small-caliber arteries.
AB  - A new technique of arteriovenous anastomosis is presented which lessens the
      complication of intravascular turbulence and thrombosis seen with elongated and
      narrow anastomotic segments. The axillary artery and jugular vein were
      anastomosed in 10 ZBZ-Cara rats using microsurgical techniques. The jugular vein
      was prepared as a tubular structure facilitating two end-to-end anastomoses
      rather than the customary end-to-side technique. Angiographic patency was
      demonstrated at 3 weeks in 10/10 rats. Two of ten anastomotic segments were
      considered quite narrow; however, angiographic demonstration of flow was
      excellent.

PMID- 4058299
TI  - A new experimental model for microanastomosis between vessels of different
      diameter.
AB  - A new model for microvascular anastomosis between vessels of different diameter
      is described in the aorto-iliac region of the rat. The model consists of
      reversing the distal end of one iliac artery toward the aorta to perform an end
      to-end or end-to-side microanastomosis, with 2:1 diameter ratio. The technique
      and the advantages of this model are presented and discussed.

PMID- 4058300
TI  - Three years experience with experimental implantation of fibrous polyurethane
      microvascular prostheses in the rat aorta.
AB  - The results of a 3-year study in which a series of 355 implantations of 1-cm-long
      fibrous polyurethane microvascular prostheses into the infrarenal aorta of the
      rat (group A) were evaluated with respect to patency and formation, structure,
      and fate of the neo-intima. Rats were sacrificed at various intervals from 1 day
      to 2 years in order to obtain a time-related impression of the re
      endothelialization and stability of the neo-intima. A second series of 51
      implants was done with prostheses 10 cm in length, placed in a 1.5-cm loop in the
      abdominal aorta (group B). An overall patency rate of 92.7% was achieved in group
      A. Initially, eight technical failures caused early thrombosis of the prostheses.
      Sixteen prostheses became infected and subsequently occluded. The overall patency
      in group B was 52.9%, due to kinking from adhesion formation and normal growth of
      the rat. In both the long and short prostheses, a continuous multilayered neo
      intima developed, growing from the aortic stumps into the prosthesis from both
      sides. According to the growth rate of 0.3 mm/day, a 1-cm prosthesis was re
      endothelialized after +/- 20 days and a 10-cm prosthesis after +/- 9 months. Once
      developed, the neo-intima, consisting of myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells
      covered with a flat endothelium, remained stable and continuous, throughout the
      observation period. The neo-intima was firmly anchored onto the prosthetic wall
      by means of cellular protrusions extending between the polyurethane fibres. The
      significance of rapid healing of an implanted prosthesis is emphasized with
      respect to preventing (late) hematogenous, endogenous infection of the
      prosthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4058301
TI  - Vascularization of tricalcium phosphate, an artificial bone substitute:
      preliminary observations.
AB  - Tricalcium phosphate (TCP), a biodegradable artificial bone substitute, was used
      to study the following questions: i) can TCP be vascularized; ii) do ectopically
      placed implants have osteoinductive capacity; and iii) does vascularization
      affect implant resorption? Implants were placed in dogs in several areas: i)
      subcutaneous controls; ii) wrapped with latissimus dorsi muscle; iii) wrapped in
      omentum; iv) saphenous and thoracodorsal av pedicles threaded through implant.
      Prior to harvest, animals were given tetracycline and implants were harvested at
      3, 6, and 9 weeks. Microfil was injected prior to sacrifice and specimens were
      xeroradiographed. Histology and computerized axial tomography were obtained. From
      this study, we conclude that 1) TCP can be vascularized; 2) the most effective
      method of vascularization was by an AV pedicle threaded through the implant; 3)
      vascularized implants did not have osteoinductive properties per se, and 4) in
      the time observed no difference in implant resorption was demonstrated between
      the test groups.

PMID- 4058302
TI  - Single-stage hypospadias repair using the operating microscope.
AB  - Because of the continuing trend toward earlier repair of hypospadias, improved
      visualization of tissues is important. We have reviewed 33 consecutive
      hypospadias repairs performed using the operating microscope. Complications
      included three strictures (9.1%) and five fistulae (15.1%). The microscope proved
      most useful in resident teaching, allowing both surgeon and assistant to
      visualize optimally the tissues.

PMID- 4058303
TI  - Cardiac involvement in myotonic muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Cardiac illness in myotonic muscular dystrophy (MyD) is infrequent, but
      subclinical cardiac involvement in MyD is very common (found in 42 of 46
      subjects) and may be responsible for sudden death. In this series, we found ECG
      abnormalities in 72%, left ventricular dysfunction in 70%, mitral valve prolapse
      in 37%, and sudden death in 4%. Four deaths during the study period were due to
      acute left ventricular failure, one to sepsis and respiratory insufficiency, and
      one was unexplained. We did not find ominous bradyarrhythmias or atrioventricular
      block, evidence of congestive heart failure, noninvasive evidence of coronary
      artery disease, or any correlation of type or amount of cardiac involvement with
      any clinical parameter such as age, sex, or severity of systemic dystrophy. We
      feel tachyarrhythmias may play as important a role in sudden death of myotonic
      muscular dystrophy subjects as bradyarrhythmias, and coronary artery disease in
      addition to cardiac dystrophy may produce arrhythmias and myocardial dysfunction
      in myotonic muscular dystrophy. In addition, some subjects have an unusual form
      of resting left ventricular dysfunction which improves with exercise. The most
      important problem in the clinical management of myotonic muscular dystrophy
      subjects is sudden death, and the solution does not appear to be empiric
      ventricular pacing. Our recommendations for prophylaxis of sudden death in
      myotonic muscular dystrophy are noninvasive investigation of coronary artery
      disease in subjects with significant risk factors, with angiography and surgery
      if indicated: detailed evaluation of syncopal and presyncopal events, including
      electrophysiologic testing, with pacemaker or antiarrhythmic drug therapy if
      indicated; and consideration of ventricular pacing of asymptomatic subjects if
      severe bradycardia or marked intraventricular conduction delay develops during
      follow-up, serial 12-lead ECGs. The documentation of tachyarrhythmias during
      sudden death and syncopal episodes in myotonic muscular dystrophy subjects makes
      ventricular pacing alone an uncertain modality for prevention of sudden death in
      subjects with only mildly lengthened PR or QRS intervals, and suggests a
      combination of pacemaker and antiarrhythmic drug therapy for the myotonic
      muscular dystrophy subject with syncope of no apparent cause.

PMID- 4058304
TI  - Sensory, motor, and autonomic neuropathy in patients with multiple symmetric
      lipomatosis.
AB  - Clinical evaluation of 33 male patients affected by multiple symmetric
      lipomatosis has revealed a previously unreported high prevalence of somatic and
      autonomic neuropathies. In 84% of the patients, clinical examination revealed
      signs or symptoms of neural disturbances, ranging from a vibratory sensory loss
      to severely incapacitating trophic ulcers or Charcot's arthropathy.
      Electrodiagnostic investigations demonstrated a significant reduction of motor
      and sensory conduction velocity in the peroneal and sural nerves. Morphometric
      studies of nerve and muscle biopsies from five patients with multiple symmetric
      lipomatosis revealed a significant reduction in myelinated fiber density (4435 +/
      593 fibers/mm2 in MSL vs 7660 +/- 800 in controls; p less than 0.05), a
      selective reduction in the large fibers of 7 to 10 micron in diameter, and signs
      of chronic denervation-reinnervation processes. Bedside tests for autonomic
      neuropathy were abnormal in 15 of 20 patients studied. Metabolic studies in these
      patients confirmed a significant increase in plasma high-density lipoprotein
      fractions consistent with the diagnosis of hyperalphalipoproteinemia, and a
      significant reduction in plasma low-density lipoprotein fractions
      (hypobetalipoproteinemia) associated with a marked enhancement of lipoprotein
      lipase activity in adipose tissue. Thus, a metabolic factor has to be considered
      in the pathogenesis of MSL neuropathy.

PMID- 4058305
TI  - Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the brain. A review.
AB  - We have reported 14 primary non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the brain seen in Calgary
      and Edmonton, Alberta, between 1975 and 1983. Eleven patients had histiocytic
      lymphoma while the remaining 3 were lymphocytic. The clinical presentations were
      extremely variable, with increased intracranial pressure (60%) and focal
      neurological deficits (60%) being most common. The most frequent appearance on
      computed tomographic scan was a hyperdense lesion of the cerebrum (44%); four
      cases had multifocal lesions. All patients had subtotal resection of the tumor.
      Two patients had surgery only and their mean survival was 3.5 months. Ten
      patients received whole brain irradiation, with 2 patients receiving a boost to
      the primary tumor site as well. The mean survival was 24.7 months. Two patients
      received chemotherapy in addition to radiotherapy and their mean survival was
      20.0 months. Three of the 14 patients have had an inordinately long disease-free
      survival of 64, 75, and 80 months from the time of diagnosis.

PMID- 4058306
TI  - Mechanism of epinephrine's glycogenolytic effect in isolated canine hepatocytes.
AB  - Epinephrine (10(-7) mol/L) addition to isolated canine hepatocytes activates
      glycogen phosphorylase from 12.3 +/- 0.4 to 28.6 +/- 2.6 U/g and glucose output
      from 42 +/- 3 to 170 +/- 24 nmol/mg/h. Preincubation of hepatocytes with
      propranolol (2 X 10(-5) mol/L) caused a 73% inhibition of phosphorylase
      activation and a 77% inhibition of the stimulation of glucose output by
      epinephrine. Phentolamine (2 X 10(-5) mol/L) on the other hand, caused a 16%
      inhibition of phosphorylase activation and a 27% inhibition of the stimulation of
      glucose output by epinephrine. These results were unaffected by the sex of the
      animal. In the dog the glycogenolytic effects of epinephrine appear to be
      mediated primarily by a beta-adrenergic mechanism.

PMID- 4058307
TI  - Compositional and metabolic heterogeneity of alpha 2- and beta-very-low-density
      lipoproteins in subjects with broad beta disease and endogenous
      hypertriglyceridemia.
AB  - The catabolism of alpha 2- and beta-very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) was
      studied in normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic subjects to determine whether
      differences in the catabolism of these subfractions are due to their composition.
      alpha 2-VLDL (cholesterol/triglyceride ratio, 00.18 +/- 0.06; and apoprotein E/C
      ratio, 0.27 +/- 0.22, n = 4) and beta-VLDL (cholesterol/triglyceride ratio, 0.67
      +/- 0.13; and apoprotein E/C ratio, 1.05 +/- 0.52, n = 4) were isolated from
      subjects with broad beta disease, iodinated, and injected in five normolipidemic
      subjects, six with broad beta disease, and five with endogenous
      hypertriglyceridemia. VLDL, intermediate (IDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
      apoprotein (apo)-B radioactivity (tetramethylurea insoluble) following injection
      of 125I-labeled alpha 2- and beta-VLDL decayed biphasically in all subjects, and
      this decay in normolipidemic subjects was more rapid than in subjects with broad
      beta disease (P = 0.004) or endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (P = 0.004 for alpha
      2- and P = 0.010 for beta-VLDL). The residence times, however, for the
      delipidation chain in alpha 2-VLDL were similar in all the subjects and varied
      from three to six hours. The decay of radioactivity in beta-VLDL in subjects with
      broad beta disease was much slower (residence time, 36.9 +/- 24.4 hr, n = 7) than
      in normolipidemic subjects (residence time, 7.56 +/- 4.6 hr, n = 5) or in
      subjects with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (residence time, 10.6 +/- 4.65, n =
      4). The residence time for alpha 2-VLDL was longer than for beta-VLDL in all
      subjects, suggesting that alpha 2-VLDL is a precursor to beta-VLDL. To test this
      directly, iodinated alpha 2-VLDL was injected into a subject with broad beta
      disease and the radioactivity in the subfractions was followed. The radioactivity
      from alpha 2-VLDL was transferred into beta-VLDL supporting, the notion that
      alpha 2-VLDL generated some beta-VLDL. Nicotinic acid treatment of a subject with
      broad beta disease accelerated the catabolism of alpha 2- and beta-VLDL without
      changing the VLDL composition.

PMID- 4058308
TI  - Hypoglycemia during adrenergic beta-blockade: evidence against mediation via a
      deficiency of lactate for gluconeogenesis.
AB  - Acute hypoglycemia was induced using intravenous inulin in three groups of normal
      volunteers: (1) seventeen control subjects, (2) six subjects under beta
      adrenergic blockade with propranolol, and (3) eight subjects given propranolol
      plus sodium lactate as an exogenous substrate for gluconeogenesis. Under
      propranolol blockade the recovery from hypoglycemia was significantly impaired.
      This impairment was not prevented by the infusion of sodium lactate despite the
      production of an adequate elevation of blood lactate concentrations. These
      findings suggest that the impaired recovery from hypoglycemia during beta
      adrenergic blockade is not mediated via a deficiency of lactate as substrate for
      hepatic gluconeogenesis.

PMID- 4058309
TI  - Characterization of a peptide alpha-amidation activity in human plasma and
      tissues.
AB  - Peptidyl glycine alpha-amidation activity has been detected in human plasma and
      in several human tissues known to synthesize biologically active alpha-amidated
      peptides. Activity was monitored by measuring conversion of mono-[125I]-D-Tyr-Val
      Gly into mono-[125I]-D-Tyr-Val-NH2. The plasma alpha-amidation activity is
      dependent on molecular oxygen, copper, and ascorbic acid and appears to recognize
      a variety of peptide substrates which contain carboxyl terminal glycine residues.
      Kinetic analyses demonstrated Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km of 14 mumol/L
      for D-Tyr-Val-Gly. Based on gel filtration, the apparent molecular weight of the
      peptidyl glycine alpha-amidation activity in human serum is 60,000. The level of
      peptidyl glycine alpha-amidation activity in adult plasma (N = 17) was 106 +/- 3
      pmol/mL/h (Mean +/- SEM) with no difference between male and female subjects
      (range 84 to 126 pmol/mL/h). In subjects under 15 years old (N = 10), mean plasma
      activity was 128 +/- 10 pmol/mL/h, higher than values for adult control plasma (P
      less than .05). In serum from hypothyroid adults (N = 13), mean serum activity
      was 141 +/- 11 pmol/mL/hr, higher than euthyroid controls (P less than .025). The
      most striking elevations in alpha-amidation activity occurred in plasma from
      patients with peptide-secreting tumors. Patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma
      (N = 19) had a mean plasma peptidyl glycine alpha-amidation activity of 142 +/-
      52 pmol/mL/h (range 84 to 435 pmol/mL/h). The level of plasma alpha-amidation
      activity in one patient with metastatic carcinoid tumor was 560
      pmol/mL/h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4058310
TI  - Effect of TSH on conversion of T4 to T3 in perfused rat kidney.
AB  - This study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of thyrotropin (TSH) on the
      conversion of thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) in the isolated
      perfused rat kidney. The kidney was perfused with a synthetic medium containing
      20 micrograms/dL T4 and the effect of constant infusion of bovine TSH (125 or 250
      microU/mL) on the conversion of T4 to T3 was investigated. T4 uptake in the
      perfused kidney was not changed by the addition of TSH. However, the release of
      T3 (89 +/- 11 ng/g/30 min, mean +/- SD), tissue T3 (190 +/- 23 ng/g/30 min), net
      T3 production (227 +/- 37 ng/g/30 min), and the conversion rate of T4 to T3 (9.5
      +/- 1.6%) in the kidney perfused with 250 microU/mL TSH were significantly (P
      less than 0.005) greater than those in controls (63 +/- 9, 143 +/- 15, 152 +/- 36
      ng/g/30 min, and 6.3 +/- 1.9%), respectively. Degradation rate of T3 in perfused
      rat kidney was not changed by the addition of 250 microU/mL TSH. These results
      suggest that TSH may directly affect renal iodothyronine-monodeiodinating
      activity in rats in vitro.

PMID- 4058311
TI  - Renal concentrating ability in obesity. Effect of modified fasting and the
      supplementation of T3, sodium chloride and carbohydrate.
AB  - The renal concentrating ability (RCA) was studied in 30 obese subjects before and
      after modified fasting (MF) and T3 supplementation, and during hypocaloric
      carbohydrate refeeding. We also studied the effect of sodium supplementation on
      the RCA during MF. Modified fasting induced a low T3-high rT3 state ("sick
      euthyroid"). During T3-supplementation plasma T3 levels increased but were in the
      normal range for normal weight controls. Plasma sodium, potassium, and calcium
      remained within the normal range during all study periods. After MF (14 days) the
      mean maximal urinary osmolality was significantly lower compared to prefast
      values both after dehydration alone (706 +/- 12 mosm/kg H2O v 975 +/- 14, P less
      than 0.001) and after dehydration plus sc vasopressin administration (676 +/- 19
      v 899 +/- 17, P less than 0.001). After 14 days MF followed by 14 days MF + T3
      supplementation plasma urea, urinary urea excretion, and the creatinine clearance
      were significantly greater than after MF alone as was the RCA (764 +/- 15 v 652
      +/- 25, P less than 0.002). Sodium chloride supplementation increased RCA (P less
      than 0.02) but no additive effect of T3 and sodium chloride supplementation was
      observed. Severe dietary salt restriction induced a significant decline in RCA (P
      less than 0.005). Refeeding with carbohydrate increased plasma T3 from 79.9 +/-
      7.7 to 97 +/- 7.5 ng/100 mL (NS) and decreased plasma rT3 from 0.33 +/- 0.02 to
      0.27 +/- 0.02 ng/mL, (P less than 0.02); no significant change in RCA was
      observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4058312
TI  - Postprandial distribution of apolipoproteins C-II and C-III in normal subjects
      and patients with mild hypertriglyceridemia: comparison of meals containing corn
      oil and medium-chain triglyceride oil.
AB  - Five healthy male subjects and five patients with mild hypertriglyceridemia were
      studied following the administration of 800-kcal liquid meals containing 40% of
      energy from fat, 40% from carbohydrate, and 20% from protein. On the first day of
      the study, the fat source was corn oil (long-chain triglyceride), whereas medium
      chain triglyceride (MCT) oil was used the second day. Meals were infused into the
      duodenum using a peristaltic pump. Plasma samples, obtained at hourly intervals
      for 8 hours, were analyzed for glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and
      apolipoproteins C-II and C-III. The distribution of apoC-II and apoC-III between
      ultracentrifugally-separated triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) and high
      density lipoproteins (HDL) was also evaluated. The patient group had
      significantly elevated fasting levels of triglyceride, apoC-II and apoC-III, as
      well as much greater lipemic response to the meal containing corn oil. In both
      groups, TRL apoC-II and apoC-III levels were positively correlated with the
      triglyceride level as it increased following the corn oil meal. These
      correlations were also observed in the normal subjects when the MCT oil meal was
      administered, even though changes in plasma triglycerides were minimal. In normal
      subjects, whole plasma levels of apoC-II and apoC-III decreased significantly
      following the meal containing corn oil, whereas no net changes occurred following
      the MCT oil meal. In hypertriglyceridemic subjects, small decreases in plasma
      apoC-II and apoC-III levels occurred after both meals, although the changes in
      apoC-II were not statistically significant. The tendency for decreased plasma
      apoC levels following alimentary lipemia confirms previous reports, and provides
      further data to support the concept that some apoC is cleared from plasma in
      association with TRL remnants. The finding that mildly hypertriglyceridemic
      subjects responded similarly to both conventional fat and MCT may indicate that
      their rates of remnant clearance were similar following the two meals.

PMID- 4058313
TI  - Impaired ketone body metabolism in the selenium deficient rat. Possible
      implications.
AB  - Male rats were fed a selenium-deficient Torula yeast diet with or without 0.2 ppm
      selenium (as sodium selenite) in the drinking water. Selenium deficiency caused a
      significant increase of urinary acetoacetate excretion in fed rats, and 24 or 48
      hours of starvation enhanced this effect. Two days of selenium supplementation
      decreased the amount of urinary acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate to 50% of the
      deficiency value, indicating an enzymatic impairment in the selenium-deficient
      rat. No selenium-dependent effect was found for the following: (1) urinary pH,
      amount of nitrite, glucose (negative), hemoglobin or protein, and the urine was
      negative for phenylketones; (2) blood content of glucose, acetoacetate, or 3
      hydroxybutyrate; or (3) liver content of glycogen, glucose, acetoacetate, or 3
      hydroxybutyrate. On the other hand, the liver content of triglycerides was
      significantly lower in selenium deficiency. Indications for a higher content of
      ketone bodies (acetoacetate plus 3-hydroxybutyrate) in the kidneys from selenium
      deficient rats were found. The increased urinary excretion of ketone bodies on
      selenium deficiency may indicate an impairment of lipid and ketone body turnover
      (in the kidney), or a decreased kidney reabsorption rate. Possible implications
      of these results in connection with protective roles of selenium in
      atherosclerosis and carcinogenesis are suggested.

PMID- 4058314
TI  - Towards the object of medical informatics.

PMID- 4058315
TI  - The impact of an explanation capability for a computer consultation system.

PMID- 4058316
TI  - Data quality assurance for a health monitoring program.

PMID- 4058317
TI  - The use of a personal computer in the pulmonary function tests of laboratory
      rats.

PMID- 4058318
TI  - The similarity approach to EEG analysis.

PMID- 4058319
TI  - Incorporating individual patient preferences in scheduling bitewing radiographs.

PMID- 4058321
TI  - Sources of information for biomedical decision-making.

PMID- 4058320
TI  - Kernel estimation techniques for the analysis of clinical curves.

PMID- 4058322
TI  - Replication of adenovirus types 5, 7, and 12 during inhibition of host cell
      oxidative metabolism.
AB  - Replication of human adenovirus type 5 (non-oncogenic), type 7 (weakly
      oncogenic), and type 12 (highly oncogenic) was studied. Inhibition of cellular
      oxidative metabolism with sodium cyanide resulted in much lower yields of progeny
      virions in chimpanzee liver cells, an established cell line derived by biopsy
      from a normal chimpanzee. Inhibition of oxidative metabolism had no effect on
      virus replication in HEp-2 cells, an established cell line derived from
      epidermoid carcinoma tissue from the larynx of a human being. The NaCN, at a
      concentration of 10(-4) M in cell culture medium, was at a sub-lethal level for
      host cells during a 48 h period for virus replication under one-step growth
      conditions.

PMID- 4058323
TI  - [Distribution of teichoic acids in cultures of the genus Actinomadura].
AB  - The occurrence of teichoic acids in cultures of Actinomadura genus was studied.
      All 30 strains examined in this survey contained alditol phosphate polymers. Most
      of the cultures had poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acids. Some of the
      poly(glycerol phosphate) chains bear madurose as a glycosyl substituent. In seven
      cultures glycerol teichoic acids with an unusual localization of the
      phosphodiester linkage were detected. Ribitol teichoic acids were found in six
      organisms.

PMID- 4058324
TI  - [Action of phenobarbital on bacterial luciferase of Photobacterium fischeri].
AB  - The effect of phenobarbital, a typical substrate of monooxygenases from higher
      organisms, on bioluminescence of the marine bacterium Photobacterium fischeri and
      bacterial luciferase was studied. Phenobarbital was shown to be an effective
      quenching agent owing to the interaction with cytochrome P-450, a terminal
      luciferase component. A competitive interrelation was found between phenobarbital
      and an aliphatic aldehyde, the substrate of the luminescent reaction.

PMID- 4058325
TI  - [Growth and development kinetics of Bacillus thuringiensis in batch culture].
AB  - The kinetics of Bacillus thuringiensis growth and its assimilation of nutrient
      substances were studied under the conditions of batch cultivation in a complex
      medium containing yeast extract and in a chemically defined medium with amino
      acids. The growth of B. thuringiensis can be divided into five phases:
      exponential growth; decelerated growth; stationary phase when protein crystals
      are formed; stationary phase when spores are formed; lysis of sporangia releasing
      spores. The first phase may in turn be subdivided into three stages according to
      changes in the specific growth rate and substrate assimilation: a high specific
      growth rate and no glucose assimilation; an abrupt drop in mu and the beginning
      of intensive glucose assimilation from the medium; a new rise in the specific
      growth rate. As follows from the results of studying the kinetics of B.
      thuringiensis growth in a chemically defined medium, the above changes in the
      exponential growth phase are due to the fact that the culture assimilates yeast
      extract components in the complex medium or amino acids in the chemically defined
      medium during this phase, and then starts to assimilate glucose and ammonium in
      the following phases of growth.

PMID- 4058326
TI  - [Stability of the NPL-1 and NPL-41 plasmids of naphthalene biodegradation in
      Pseudomonas putida populations in continuous culture].
AB  - The stability of biodegradation plasmids NPL-1 and NPL-41, which control the
      synthesis of enzymes for naphthalene oxidation to salicylate, was studied in
      Pseudomonas putida BSA under the conditions of its continuous cultivation with
      limitation in glucose or salicylate in the chemostat regime and without
      limitation in the pH-stat regime. Plasmid NPL-1, which controls the inducible
      synthesis of naphthalene oxygenase, is stable in the population of P. putida
      cells under the conditions of continuous cultivation on glucose, but is not
      stable in the course of cultivation on salicylate, an inductor of the naphthalene
      oxygenase synthesis. Plasmid NPL-41, which controls the constitutive synthesis of
      naphthalene oxygenase, is not stable in the population of P. putida cells under
      the conditions of continuous cultivation on glucose. The operation of genes,
      which control the oxidation of naphthalene to salicylate (nah), makes plasmids
      NPL-1 and NPL-41 unstable under the conditions of continuous cultivation in the
      absence of naphthalene from the medium, i.e. under the conditions when the
      expression of these genes is not necessary. In that case, cells containing
      plasmids with a deletion of nah-genes as well as cells without plasmids appear in
      the population of P. putida, which causes a decline in its futile energy and
      metabolic processes.

PMID- 4058327
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes in Mycobacterium rubrum cells exposed to
      sulfochloranthine].
AB  - The object of this work was to study the effect of sulfochlorantine (SCA), a new
      disinfecting compound containing chlorine, on Mycobacterium rubrum cells. The
      sensitivity of the cells to this agent was studied as well as their
      ultrastructure at the doses 0.01, 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1%. Even at high doses, the
      cells did not die off immediately when their growth and division stopped. Changes
      in the ultrastructural organization of the cells depended on the concentration of
      SCA. The structure of the nucleoid, membranes and ribosomes was damaged.
      Considerable changes were found in the formation of cross septa. The structure of
      the cells wall was modified to a lesser degree. The results are consistent with
      the biochemical data available.

PMID- 4058328
TI  - [Physicochemical properties of temperate phage DNA and its possible effect on the
      variability of Mycobacterium lacticolum].
AB  - The temperate phage 104 S was isolated from the S variant of Mycobacterium
      lacticolum, strain 104, and some of its characteristics were studied. The content
      of GC pairs in the phage DNA was 77 mole% as was calculated from the melting
      profile or 65 mole% as was calculated from the value of buoyant density in CsCl.
      The DNA was shown to be composed of 18,000 nucleotide pairs. DNA restriction
      fragments of M. lacticolum R, S and M variants were subjected for the first time
      to molecular hybridization with [32P]DNA of the temperate phage. The genome of
      the three M. lacticolum variants and the genome of a non-dissociating S variant
      clone were shown to contain sequences homologous to the DNA sequence of phage 104
      S. Differences are found among the variants in the hybridizing DNA fragments.
      These data indicate that the phage DNA may actively be involved in the
      variability of the culture. Its participation can be realized by the different
      mode of prophage incorporation into the genome of the variants.

PMID- 4058329
TI  - [Glucose consumption and dehydrogenase activity of the cells of the arsenite
      oxidizing bacterium Pseudomonas putida].
AB  - The rates of glucose assimilation and dehydrogenase activity were studied in
      Pseudomonas putida oxidizing arsenite. The rate of glucose utilization by the
      cells decreased in the presence of arsenites in the medium at the beginning
      because of the microbial adaptation to arsenite. The activity of dehydrogenase
      fell down when the cells were cultivated in the medium with arsenite. An inverse
      correlation existed between the rate of glucose assimilation and arsenite
      oxidation. Apparently, arsenites were oxidized under the action of metabolites
      produced by P. putida in the process of its heterotrophous growth.

PMID- 4058330
TI  - [Biological characteristics of the variants of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
      galleriae formed during continuous culture].
AB  - Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae S. variants formed during continuous
      cultivation differ from the parent culture in certain properties. In contrast to
      the parent R form, their growth in the chemostat does not yield virulent mutants
      which can cause their lysis on solid media. The chemostat S forms are resistant
      against virulent phage mutants produced when the R variants are grown under the
      conditions of continuous cultivation and against a virulent phage obtained from
      the parent culture 69-6 under the action of vancomycin. The R forms are sensitive
      to these phages. When the S forms are grown under the chemostat conditions, they
      do not revert to the R forms. The R and S forms do not differ noticeably in the
      character of their growth, formation of spores and crystals, and biological
      activity.

PMID- 4058331
TI  - Teacher training workshops in education: summary of 15 years' personal
      experience.
AB  - Teachers of doctors and other health personnel have become increasingly aware of
      the potential usefulness of applying to their programmes the principles and
      methods elaborated by educational scientists. Teacher training took many forms,
      but the workshop was by far the most common. This report is a summary account of
      the personal experience of the author over 15 years, from 1968 to 1983, as
      organizer and leader of more than 100 workshops for eleven categories of health
      professions, in sixteen working languages for over 2000 participants in thirty
      countries. It shows the way the organization of the workshops was modified from a
      teacher-centred to a learner-centred approach. The report goes on to describe the
      first implementation phase (1972-1975), which showed the need for efficient
      learning materials such as a semi-programmed text providing guidance during the
      learner's progression through the whole educational cycle. It also became clear
      that the working language used during a workshop was as important factor in the
      determination of its success. The report describes further how leaders were
      selected and trained through 'learning by doing' and how the second
      implementation phase (1976-1983) developed so that the programme of each workshop
      was prepared after (and not before) the beginning of the workshop on the basis of
      independent choices made by each participant.

PMID- 4058332
TI  - Knowledge and clinical problem-solving.
AB  - A consistent finding in the literature on measures of clinical problem-solving
      scores is that there are very low correlations across different problems. This
      phenomenon is commonly labelled 'content-specificity', implying that the scores
      differ because the content knowledge necessary to solve the problems differs. The
      present study tests this hypothesis by presenting groups of residents and
      clinical clerks with a series of simulated patient problems in which content was
      systematically varied. Each subject also completed a multiple choice test with
      questions linked to each diagnosis presented in the clinical problems. Three of
      the four problem-solving scores showed low correlations, even to two
      presentations of the same problem, and no relationship to content differences.
      None of the scores were related to performance on the multiple choice test. The
      results suggest that variability in problem-solving scores is related to factors
      other than content knowledge, and several possibilities are discussed.

PMID- 4058333
TI  - Problem-based education in Gezira, Sudan.
AB  - This communication expands on the educational methods presently in action in the
      Gezira Medical School, Sudan with the aim of posing an approach to problem-based
      teaching and learning within the context of the limited resources of a developing
      country. Community-oriented education had been described elsewhere (Hamad, 1981,
      1982). The focus in the present paper is mainly on problem-based learning (PBL).
      After a short review, definition of terms and an outline of the educational
      method of PBL, a brief description of the methods as applied in Gezira is given,
      in addition to a description of how the courses are designed and in what form
      (course design and format). The evaluation system is then outlined.

PMID- 4058334
TI  - An international survey of medical school programmes on nuclear war.
AB  - Many medical organizations have acknowledged the responsibility of doctors to
      educate health professionals and the public about the medical, social and
      ecological consequences of nuclear war. Medical schools have begun the
      development of programmes on these topics. A total of 1130 medical schools in
      thirty-one countries were surveyed about their presentation of nuclear-war
      related subject matter. Eighty-three (49%) of the 168 schools that responded
      indicated that they offered an activity on medical aspects of nuclear war. Thirty
      two per cent of the programmes consisted of one or more hours in an existing
      required course. Twelve per cent offered an elective course solely concerned with
      nuclear war. Although only 15% of the schools responded many of the replies
      indicated interest in learning more about the programmes of other schools and
      inquired if curriculum or teaching materials were available. Through the survey
      it was learned that textbooks and other learning resources have been prepared.
      Survey information suggests that knowledge of nuclear weapons effects is
      associated with a reluctance to countenance nuclear war.

PMID- 4058335
TI  - Undergraduate teaching of the behavioural sciences at a new medical school in
      Ghana.
AB  - A programme of teaching in the behavioural sciences at a new medical school in
      Ghana is described. Students are introduced to problems in their first year and
      these are used as a means of working in small groups, for self-directed learning
      and the collection of data. The course continues for 5 years and leads on to a
      residential posting at a psychiatric hospital, and embodies a close association
      between 'clinical' medicine and psychological medicine. The programme has only
      been running for 2 years and so an adequate objective evaluation cannot yet be
      made, but judged subjectively it is enjoyed by students.

PMID- 4058336
TI  - Humanities in medical education: rationale and resources for the dissection
      laboratory.
AB  - Dissection of a human body during an anatomy course raises for first-year medical
      students questions about invasion of privacy, cadaver sources, dying and death.
      Emotions evoked are often heightened by the fear and uneasiness each student
      experiences when dissecting the body of a human being. Providing curricular
      resources for identification and discussion of reactions to death and dissection
      early in the first year can demonstrate to students the humanity of having such
      reactions, and that these reactions can be understood and managed more or less
      appropriately. An elective course has been offered to first-year medical students
      at the University of Massachusetts Medical School for 10 years; the students'
      reception of this evolving programme has been enthusiastic. The rationale,
      content, resources and responses of such a course are presented.

PMID- 4058337
TI  - Survey of student opinion of the medical curriculum at Trinity College, Dublin,
      Republic of Ireland.
AB  - This description of a survey is not intended to give a blow-by-blow account of
      what was found or the significance of the result, since this would only be of any
      relevance to the medical school in which the survey was conducted. Rather it is
      intended to give a description of what was done and why it was done, for medical
      students in other schools who wish to conduct a similar inquiry. The initial
      indication that a survey was required was the establishment in the medical school
      of a curriculum review group. It was felt that rather than airing the group's own
      views, or impressions of what other students' views were, it would be advisable
      to find out exactly how students felt. To this end the survey was conducted.

PMID- 4058338
TI  - The assessment and manipulation of personal diet: an undergraduate practical in
      human nutrition.
AB  - The Department of Paediatrics at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
      offers to medical undergraduates an optional course in nutrition and growth. This
      paper describes the practical experiences offered in dietary assessment and
      manipulation which was one component of the course, together with an assessment
      of its value by the students and the authors. Generally, it seemed that the
      component had been successful but three changes might be considered: although
      hand analysis of crude dietary data to determine nutrient intakes is a useful
      exercise, computer analysis should also be included; the principles of dietary
      manipulation (in effect, the principles of therapeutic dietetics) will require
      more emphasis; the students should make a detailed analysis of a patient's diet
      as well as their own. Regarding the nutrition and growth course as a whole:
      assessment of clinical skills would probably benefit from the same structured
      approach as used in the dietetic assessment; a preliminary assessment of the
      students' nutritional knowledge at the start of the course should be
      incorporated.

PMID- 4058339
TI  - A checklist system for critical review of medical literature.
AB  - In order to teach critical review of medical literature, an approach was devised
      in a family practice residency setting for teaching students and doctors to
      review medical literature quickly while remaining critical of what is read. This
      is done through the use of a simple checklist which guides the user in reading an
      article. Such a checklist is readily modified to suit individual needs, is self
      explanatory, and lends itself to use in journal club settings as well as in
      private reading.

PMID- 4058340
TI  - Linked tutorial teaching by teleconference and videocassette.
AB  - A system for linked tutorial teaching involving several groups of students at
      different locations has been introduced successfully into the teaching resources
      of the University of Wales College of Medicine. It utilizes standard telephone
      equipment supplemented by specially prepared videocassette material. The results
      of an evaluation questionnaire given to students indicate that the format as
      currently used is very acceptable and interesting. Students feel more involved
      than in larger group teaching sessions and value the discussion periods. This
      teaching method has the potential to overcome several weaknesses in existing
      formal teaching programmes, especially when students are based at several sites.
      In particular, it minimizes travelling, allows more time for clinical experience
      and makes optimal use of teaching expertise. The system is being developed
      further to encompass postgraduate centres in Wales.

PMID- 4058341
TI  - Curriculum evaluation in medical and health-care education.

PMID- 4058342
TI  - Educational semantics.

PMID- 4058343
TI  - The role of high frequency ventilation in clinical medicine.

PMID- 4058344
TI  - Mechanisms of gas transport during high frequency ventilation.

PMID- 4058345
TI  - Field-focusing hyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a grounded
      probe and a commercial MRI scanner.
AB  - A method for performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and producing field
      focusing hyperthermia sequentially in phantoms and rat tissues with a grounded
      hyperthermic probe and a commercial MRI scanner was demonstrated. In the
      treatment mode the MRI scanner was used as a radiofrequency (RF) power source,
      and an invasive, electrically grounded, tuned probe was used to produce
      hyperthermia in phantoms via induced eddy current convergence. Temperature
      increases of 4.5 degrees C/5 minutes in a dielectrically uniform phantom and 5.0
      degrees C/6 minutes in the peritoneum of a rat were measured in the vicinity (3-5
      mm) of the grounded probe with the transmitter of the MRI scanner working at 2
      per cent duty cycle. The advantage of this combined diagnostic and therapeutic
      approach is that the position of the hyperthermic probe can be monitored before
      each treatment, with observation of the tumor during and after treatment, if
      desired. In addition, the total cost is significantly less than that of both an
      MRI scanner and an RF hyperthermia treatment system.

PMID- 4058346
TI  - Hydrostatic and central venous pressure measurement by the IVAC 560 infusion
      pump.
AB  - The IVAC Variable Pressure Volumetric Pump, Model 560, was evaluated for
      hydrostatic and central venous pressure (CVP) measurement. In bench tests, 4 per
      cent of IVAC systems failed a +/- 2 mm Hg accuracy test. When measurements were
      inaccurate, errors were small (SD = 0.49 mm Hg). In simultaneous clinical
      measurements with a standard electronic transducer system, the correlation
      coefficient between the IVAC and transducer measurements was 0.95. A potential
      drawback of the IVAC 560 for CVP measurement is the lack of waveform display. The
      IVAC system is simple to operate and less expensive per use than the standard
      electronic system.

PMID- 4058347
TI  - Alternate site burns during electrosurgery.

PMID- 4058348
TI  - Perinatal and infant mortality.

PMID- 4058349
TI  - Serious neurological complications of measles--a continuing preventable problem.
AB  - Eight children who presented to two Sydney children's hospitals in 1984 with the
      neurological complications of measles infection are described. Six of these
      children have either died or have serious residual neurological abnormalities.
      Experience in the United States indicates that such complications of measles can
      be virtually eliminated by a programme of compulsory immunization of pre-school
      children.

PMID- 4058350
TI  - Neutropenia and mianserin.

PMID- 4058351
TI  - Occupational health: the trade unions and the doctors.

PMID- 4058352
TI  - Danazol and fetal masculinization: a warning.
AB  - Masculinization of a female fetus occurred during a pregnancy in which the mother
      received danazol for infertility due to endometriosis. The biochemical theories
      and the necessary treatment are outlined. Conception may occur before or during a
      course of danazol, and patients should be made aware of the need for concomitant
      contraception.

PMID- 4058353
TI  - AIDS and prostitution.

PMID- 4058354
TI  - Cryptosporidial diarrhoea.

PMID- 4058355
TI  - Submicronic airborne allergens.

PMID- 4058356
TI  - Epilepsy and weight reduction.

PMID- 4058358
TI  - Aboriginal health.

PMID- 4058357
TI  - Gamete intra-fallopian transfer.

PMID- 4058359
TI  - Aboriginal health issues.

PMID- 4058360
TI  - Aborigines and health.

PMID- 4058361
TI  - Aboriginal health.

PMID- 4058362
TI  - Aboriginal pregnancies and births in South Australia, 1981-1982.
AB  - Information on 555 Aboriginal births which occurred during 1981 and 1982 was
      forwarded by midwives to the South Australian perinatal statistics unit.
      Corresponding information was also supplied for all other births in the state.
      This information showed that Aboriginal women appear to have a higher fertility
      rate than do other women, particularly in the teenage years. Aboriginal mothers
      are very young and have a high parity. They appear to receive little antenatal
      care and there is a greater tendency for their pregnancies to be complicated by
      medical conditions, such as anaemia, urinary tract infections, cardiac disorders
      and diabetes. Post-partum haemorrhages and retained placentas are relatively
      common, as are genital tract infections after delivery. Aboriginal babies are
      characterized by low birthweights, low Apgar scores, and prematurity. There is an
      indication that Aboriginal babies may have a high perinatal mortality rate in the
      country areas of South Australia. It is intended that this information be used as
      a baseline for evaluating trends in the health status of Aborigines.

PMID- 4058363
TI  - Immunization status of aboriginal children in Central Australia.

PMID- 4058364
TI  - Focal neurological signs and black magic.

PMID- 4058366
TI  - Over-reaction to drug dependence--a changing menace.

PMID- 4058365
TI  - Elevated lead levels in petrol "sniffers".
AB  - Lead levels in blood and in bone were measured in Aboriginal teenagers who
      regularly inhaled petrol to experience its central nervous system effects.
      Compared with a control group, the lead levels were raised. Those teenagers with
      toxic levels of lead in their blood and bones are in grave danger of lead
      toxicity.

PMID- 4058367
TI  - The General Medical Council--its changing role.

PMID- 4058368
TI  - Safety of antimicrobial drugs in pregnancy.

PMID- 4058369
TI  - Transdermal clonidine for hypertension.

PMID- 4058370
TI  - [Malaria in Southern Asia. Report 5. Migration of the population between India
      and abroad and its role in the epidemiology of malaria].

PMID- 4058371
TI  - [Current aspects of tropical medicine].

PMID- 4058372
TI  - [Detection of toxoplasmosis among patients with lymphadenitis].

PMID- 4058373
TI  - [Optimal density of larvae of Anopheles sacharovi Favre (Diptera Culicidae) in
      cultures].

PMID- 4058374
TI  - [Sexual activity of Anopheles sacharovi Favre in a laboratory environment].

PMID- 4058375
TI  - [Basic principles in protecting workers and population of the Baikal-Amur
      Railroad area from ixodid ticks and blood-sucking flies].

PMID- 4058376
TI  - [Effect of various biotic factors on infection of ixodid ticks with Coxiella
      burnetti. Report 2. Significance of strain variations of the infective agent for
      effective infection of ticks].

PMID- 4058377
TI  - [Possibilities of preserving the cultures of houseflies Musca domestica L].

PMID- 4058378
TI  - [Treatment of severe tropical malaria].

PMID- 4058379
TI  - [Status and prospects of scientific research and specialist training in tropical
      medicine in the USSR].

PMID- 4058380
TI  - [The cases of kara-kurt spider bites in the Dnepropetrovsk district].

PMID- 4058381
TI  - [Relation between number of attacks per year and respiratory function tests in
      the asthmatic child: importance of spirometry in the child with episodic asthma].

PMID- 4058382
TI  - [Clinical introduction to the diagnosis of respiratory insufficiency in the
      newborn infant].

PMID- 4058383
TI  - [Caloric intake and protein utilization in premature newborn infants. I. Effects
      on growth and metabolic response].

PMID- 4058384
TI  - [Caloric intake and protein utilization in premature newborn infants. II. Effects
      on blood and urine amino acids].

PMID- 4058385
TI  - [Selection criteria in antibiotic therapy].

PMID- 4058386
TI  - [Epidemiologic and clinical aspects of sensitization to olive pollen in
      childhood].

PMID- 4058387
TI  - [Evaluation of the function of the exocrine pancreas in childhood by stimulation
      with ceruletide and secretin].

PMID- 4058388
TI  - [Screening investigation on arterial hypertension and obesity in childhood].

PMID- 4058389
TI  - [Tumors of the cranial vault and of the scalp in childhood].

PMID- 4058390
TI  - [Anthropometric study of the rural population of Venice between 6 to 12 years of
      age. Part I. Weight standards].

PMID- 4058391
TI  - [Ceftriaxone in the therapy of suppurative meningitis in childhood].

PMID- 4058392
TI  - [Thyroid uptake of 131I in different forms of hyperthyroidism caused by
      amiodarone].

PMID- 4058393
TI  - [Diagnosis of senile and postmenopausal osteoporosis].

PMID- 4058394
TI  - [Double beam osteodensitometry: a new diagnostic approach].

PMID- 4058395
TI  - [General grouping of osteoporosis therapy].

PMID- 4058396
TI  - [Orthopedic treatment of osteoporosis patients].

PMID- 4058397
TI  - Pyloric stenosis revisited in St. Paul.

PMID- 4058398
TI  - Effect of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) on blood transfusion and
      donation patterns in the State of Minnesota.

PMID- 4058399
TI  - Eight cases of childhood stroke.

PMID- 4058400
TI  - A clinic for dementia. Two years' experience.

PMID- 4058401
TI  - Aches and pains and thyroid disorders.

PMID- 4058402
TI  - Consulting with families of the chronic mentally ill.

PMID- 4058403
TI  - The process of change in the chronic mentally ill: a naturalistic perspective.

PMID- 4058404
TI  - Moral issues and mental illness.

PMID- 4058405
TI  - Psychosocial assessment in community treatment.

PMID- 4058406
TI  - Talking with families about coping strategies.

PMID- 4058407
TI  - Case management of the young adult chronic patient: a clinical perspective.

PMID- 4058408
TI  - Treating the whole elephant: delivering comprehensive services to the chronic
      mentally ill.

PMID- 4058409
TI  - Age-related changes in the glycoproteins of brain tissue.

PMID- 4058410
TI  - Affective disorders in an inpatient community mental health center.

PMID- 4058411
TI  - CT diagnosis of acute abdomen in a young hemophiliac. A case report.

PMID- 4058412
TI  - [Studies on the metabolism of lipid and glucose in rats with experimental
      peritonitis].
AB  - Metabolism of lipid and glucose in rats with experimental peritonitis was
      investigated. Thirty-two rats were divided into 3 groups; 12 receiving total
      parenteral nutrition (TPN) with glucose and having no peritonitis (Group G), 10
      receiving TPN with glucose and having peritonitis (Group PG), and 10 receiving
      TPN with glucose and lipids and having peritonitis (Group PF). Linoleic acid or
      glucose labelled with radioisotope 14C was given intravenously at one hour after
      cessation of 68 hours of TPN, and the rate of oxidation to 14CO2, total hepatic
      lipids, each fraction of hepatic lipids, hepatic glycogen, total adipose lipids,
      and muscle glycogen were measured. Cumulative amounts of 14CO2 in the expired
      breath during 6 hours after administration of (1-14C) linoleic acid was
      significantly higher in the Group PF, whereas there was no significant difference
      of cumulative amounts of 14CO2 in the expired breath during 6 hours after
      administration of (U-14C) glucose among the 3 groups. All the results obtained
      from the present experiment suggested also that linoleic acid was superior to
      glucose as a fuel given to rats with peritonitis.

PMID- 4058413
TI  - [Adrenal medullary function in acute pancreatitis with shock in the dog].
AB  - We investigated adrenal medullary function in acute pancreatitis with shock in
      dog. Pancreatitis was induced by injection of autologous bile into the main
      pancreatic duct. Adrenal medullary function was examined by basal adrenal
      catecholamine (CA) output and CA release response to the electrical stimulation
      of the 1t. splanchnic nerve. Animals were divided into two types--Shock type and
      non-shock type. In both types, basal CA output increased gradually, but, CA
      release response in shock type was lower than that in non-shock type. Moreover,
      both values of basal CA output and CA release response in shock type were lower
      than those oligemic shock group at the same blood pressure level. On the other
      hand, no significant difference was observed among these 3 groups on the increase
      of blood pressure by nerve stimulation, that is, low response of CA release in
      shock type had no relation with the nerve injury. It was concluded that adrenal
      medulla was injured in acute pancreatitis with shock by pancreatitis per se.

PMID- 4058414
TI  - [Trial of early detection of breast cancer by mass screening in Miyagi
      Prefecture].
AB  - Mass screening for breast cancer which was commenced by Miyagi Cancer Society in
      1977 has been carried out on 94953 examinees. The main activities comprise
      itinerant screening in the communities and group screening at the workplaces. In
      addition to two types of mass screening, examination was also performed at the
      detection center. The overall breast cancer detection rate was 0.12% in mass
      screening. In contrast it was 3.1% at the center. Early breast cancer, however,
      was more frequently found in mass screening than at the center examination. The
      cytologic studies of nipple discharge were performed on 14314 subjects as first
      screening. Positive finding was seen in 5 (0.005%). In high risk group, which
      also underwent mammography at first screening, the detection rate was higher than
      that among general examinees. Method for effective procedures for detecting early
      breast cancer are now under study.

PMID- 4058415
TI  - [A case of surgical correction of the inferior vena cava obstruction with Budd
      Chiari syndrome].
AB  - A 37-year-old man is presented with Budd-Chiari syndrome associated with a
      membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava. Clinical symptoms were ascites,
      leg edema and dilatation of the superficial abdominal veins. Aggressive surgery
      was carried out for this case. Midsternal incision and right subcostal oblique
      incision were made, and hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava was
      reconstructed using pericardial patch after endovenectomy and partial
      cardiopulmonary bypass was used without temporary interruption of liver
      circulation. Blood flow from the right hepatic vein was restored. Postoperative
      course was not eventful and this patient remains free of any evidence of ascites
      and liver dysfunction after operation. This procedure may be useful particularly
      for protecting the liver function which is damaged by hemostasis.

PMID- 4058417
TI  - [The effect of propranolol on portal hypertension in patients with varices after
      esophageal transection].

PMID- 4058416
TI  - [A case of hemangiopericytoma in the pelvic retroperitoneum and review of
      literature of hemangiopericytoma in the retroperitoneal space in Japan].
AB  - Hemangiopericytoma is a rare capillary tumor that was first described and named
      by Stout and Murray in 1942. A case of hemangiopericytoma in the pelvic
      retroperitoneum is reported. The patient, a 57 year old man, was admitted because
      of dysuria. He underwent extirpation of the tumor with the rectum by low anterior
      resection. The pathological diagnosis was malignant hemangiopericytoma, and
      Adriamycin was administered to prevent recurrence or metastasis. He has been free
      from any recurrence or metastasis for the last eight months. Twenty cases of
      hemangiopericytoma in the retroperitoneum including our case, were collected from
      Japanese literature and reviews. Hemangiopericytoma, especially in the
      retroperitoneal space, should be regarded as a highly malignant tumor. Early
      aggressive therapy and long term follow up are recommended because the tumor
      characteristically produces late local recurrence and metastasis.

PMID- 4058418
TI  - Competitive binding kinetics in ligand-receptor-competitor systems. Rate
      parameters for unlabeled ligands for the formyl peptide receptor.
AB  - We describe the real-time kinetics of the competition of different ligands for
      the same receptor and use the computer routine SAAM to simulate this competition.
      Based on the simulation, we have developed two experimental approaches whereby
      the parameters of the interaction of nonlabeled ligands with their receptor can
      be detected; briefly, the analysis of the nonlabeled ligands depends on the
      perturbation of the kinetics of interaction of labeled ligands with the receptor
      with which they are in competition. The approach relies primarily upon an
      analysis of the kinetics of the competition between fluorescent and
      nonfluorescent ligands using a real-time, homogeneous binding assay in the
      fluorescence flow cytometer. A secondary approach depends upon an examination of
      the kinetic impact of antagonists on the responses of cells stimulated by
      agonists at the same receptor. Experimental verification of these approaches has
      been obtained using the N-formyl peptides (and their antagonists) which bind to
      receptors on human neutrophils and produce rapid cell stimulation. We find that
      agonistic N-formyl peptides have residence times of minutes while nonstimulatory
      antagonists have residence periods of, at most, a few seconds at these receptors.
      The limitations and general range of applicability of these procedures are
      discussed. The main advantage of these approaches is that they permit the
      evaluation of kinetic parameters of unlabeled ligands, even those which bind
      weakly or which have brief residence times--properties which make analyses by
      conventional methods difficult.

PMID- 4058419
TI  - Rates of pentose cycle flux in perfused rat liver. Evaluation of the role of
      reducing equivalents from the pentose cycle for mixed-function oxidation.
AB  - Rates of NADPH production via the pentose phosphate cycle were determined in
      perfused livers from phenobarbital-treated rats by measuring 14CO2 production
      from [1-14C]glucose infused in the presence and absence of p-nitroanisole (0.2
      mM), a substrate for mixed-function oxidation. In the fed state, basal rates of
      NADPH generation were 34-44 mumol/g/hr. p-Nitroanisole, which was metabolized at
      rates of 8.9 mumol/g/hr, stimulated pentose cycle-dependent NADPH production by
      21-24 mumol/g/hr. Fasting for 24 hr prior to perfusion diminished pentose cycle
      flux by 80% and largely abolished the stimulation of the pentose cycle by p
      nitroanisole. In contrast, rates of p-nitroanisole O-demethylation were only
      diminished slightly, to 5.7 mumol/g/hr. Fasting decreased hepatic glucose,
      glucose 6-phosphate, and 6-phosphogluconate contents drastically as expected.
      Pretreatment of rats with 6-aminonicotinamide, which is metabolized to a potent
      inhibitor of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decreased rates of NADPH
      generation via the pentose cycle to 6.9 mumol/g/hr but did not alter rates of p
      nitroanisole metabolism (8.8 mumol/g/hr). Basal rates of NADPH generation
      decreased from 38 to 26 mumol/g/hr during infusion of potassium cyanide (2 mM),
      an inhibitor of mitochondrial energy metabolism. Cyanide also decreased rates of
      p-nitroanisole O-demethylation by over 60%; however, stimulation of NADPH
      generation via the pentose cycle by p-nitroanisole was as great in the presence
      (17-21 mumol/g/hr) as in the absence of cyanide. Since rates of mixed-function
      oxidation were unaffected after virtually complete inhibition of the pentose
      cycle with 6-amino-nicotinamide, it is concluded that reducing equivalents for
      the mixed-function oxidation of p-nitroanisole are not provided by the pentose
      cycle under these conditions.

PMID- 4058420
TI  - One-electron redox reactions of pyrazolin-5-ones. A pulse radiolysis study of
      antipyrine and analogues.
AB  - One-electron oxidation of several derivatives of pyrazolin-5-one, including the
      drug antipyrine, were studied by pulse radiolysis of aqueous solutions. All the
      compounds were found to be oxidized by Br2 rapidly (k approximately 3 X 10(8)-2 X
      10(9) M-1 s-1) but considerably more slowly by weaker oxidants, such as peroxyl
      radicals. From redox equilibria using p-methoxyphenol and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p
      phenylenediamine as reference compounds, the one-electron oxidation potentials of
      the methyl-substituted 2-pyrazolin-5-ones were found to be in the range of 0.32
      0.39 V versus normal hydrogen electrode. The relevance of these findings to the
      properties of the drug nafazatrom is discussed. Antipyrine was found to have a
      much higher oxidation potential, estimated as 1.2-1.5 V, which is rationalized on
      the basis of the phenyl substitution and lack of resonance stabilization of the
      radical cation.

PMID- 4058421
TI  - Agonist interactions with cardiac muscarinic receptors. Effects of Mg2+, guanine
      nucleotides, and monovalent cations.
AB  - Analysis of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate/acetylcholine competition curves
      indicated that the agonist acetylcholine bound with three different affinities to
      chick heart muscarinic receptors. The estimated KD values for acetylcholine were
      2.7, 240, and 4000 nM. Mg2+ increased and guanosine 5'-(beta, gamma
      imino)triphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) decreased the proportion of the receptors in the
      highest affinity state without altering the KD values. Monovalent cations
      increased the KD values of the three affinity states and obscured the detection
      of the highest affinity state. The nature of the three affinity states and the
      sites of action of Mg2+, guanine nucleotides, and monovalent cations were probed
      with three experimental protocols. Treatments with N-ethylmaleimide or pertussis
      toxin eliminated both the highest affinity state and the sensitivity to Gpp(NH)p.
      In contrast, partial effects of Mg2+ were retained after either of these
      treatments. The effects of monovalent cations on the affinity of the receptor for
      agonists were unaffected by both treatments. Solubilization of the receptors with
      digitonin-cholate yielded preparations displaying only the low affinity state for
      agonist. Agonist binding to the solubilized receptors was insensitive to Mg2+ and
      guanine nucleotides but retained sensitivity to monovalent cations. The results
      indicate that chick heart muscarinic receptors can exist in vitro in three
      agonist affinity states and that the entire population of receptors can be
      interconverted from one state to another by Mg2+ and guanine nucleotides. Guanine
      nucleotides presumably act via the inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding
      regulatory (Ni) protein, whereas there appear to be at least two distinct sites
      of action of Mg2+. One site is associated with Ni. Another is distinguishable
      from Ni but does not appear to be on the receptor itself. The effect of
      monovalent cations on the interaction of agonists with cardiac muscarinic
      receptors is qualitatively different and mediated at distinct sites from the
      effects of Mg2+ and guanine nucleotides.

PMID- 4058422
TI  - The relationship between muscarinic receptor occupancy and adenylate cyclase
      inhibition in the rabbit myocardium.
AB  - The muscarinic receptor-binding properties of a series of muscarinic drugs were
      compared with their effects on adenylate cyclase in membranes of the rabbit
      myocardium. When measured by competitive inhibition of [3H]-N-methylscopolamine
      binding, the competition curves of the various agonists were adequately described
      by the ternary complex model. This model assumes that the receptor can bind
      reversibly with a guanine nucleotide binding protein in the membrane and that the
      affinity of the agonist for the receptor-guanine nucleotide-binding protein
      complex is higher than that for the free receptor. A satisfactory fit of the
      ternary complex model to the data could only be achieved assuming that very
      little receptor is precoupled with the guanine nucleotide-binding protein in the
      absence of agonist. There was good agreement between the efficacy of each agonist
      as measured by inhibition of adenylate cyclase and the estimate of the positive
      cooperativity between the binding of the agonist receptor complex and the guanine
      nucleotide-binding protein. Guanosine 5'-triphosphate (0.1 mM) had no significant
      effect on the binding of [3H]N-methylscopolamine but caused an increase in the
      concentration of the various agonists required for half-maximal receptor
      occupancy. There was good correlation between efficacy as measured by inhibition
      of adenylate cyclase and the influence of guanosine 5'-triphosphate on binding
      properties.

PMID- 4058423
TI  - Structure-activity relationships for the irreversible blockade of nicotinic
      receptor agonist sites by lophotoxin and congeneric diterpene lactones.
AB  - Lophotoxin, a diterpene lactone paralytic toxin from gorgonian corals of the
      genus Lophogorgia, inhibits [125I]-alpha-toxin binding to surface nicotinic
      receptors of BC3H-1 cells by irreversible occupation of the primary agonist
      sites. In contrast, receptor-bearing membrane fragments or detergent-solubilized
      receptors prepared from BC3H-1 cells are not susceptible to lophotoxin block.
      Thus, lophotoxin inhibition requires intact cells. However, when intact cells
      were incubated with lophotoxin, subsequent membrane-fragment preparation or
      detergent solubilization of the receptors did not diminish lophotoxin occupation
      of [125I]-alpha-toxin-binding sites, indicating that lophotoxin binds very
      tightly to nicotinic receptors. These studies further demonstrate that both
      surface and nonsurface nicotinic receptors of BC3H-1 cells are susceptible to
      irreversible occupation by lophotoxin, indicating that the lipophilic toxin
      freely permeates intact cells. We also examined several structural analogs of
      lophotoxin, one of which was equipotent with lophotoxin for inhibition of [125I]
      alpha-toxin binding to intact cells and, notably, also blocked alpha-toxin
      binding to detergent-extracted receptor. Furthermore, this active analog
      inhibited [125I]-alpha-toxin binding to receptor-rich membrane fragments prepared
      from Torpedo electric organ, a preparation in which lophotoxin was inactive.
      Structure-activity relationships exhibited by the lophotoxin congeners suggest
      mechanisms for covalent bonding to the receptor by way of a Michael addition or
      by Schiff base formation.

PMID- 4058424
TI  - Structure-activity relationship of bispyridyloxybenzene for induction of mouse
      hepatic aminopyrine N-demethylase activity. Chemical, biological, and X-ray
      crystallographic studies.
AB  - 1,4-bis-[2-(3,5-Dichloropyridyloxy)]-benzene (TCPOBOP) was previously shown to be
      an extremely potent phenobarbital-like inducer of hepatic microsomal
      monooxygenase activity in the mouse. To examine the structure-activity
      relationship, 31 congeners of TCPOBOP were synthesized and tested for their
      potency to induce hepatic aminopyrine N-demethylase activity in B6D2F1/J mice.
      For biological activity, the minimum requirement is a) a central 1,4-dioxygenated
      benzene ring, b) lateral pyridine rings linked to the central ring by ether
      bonds, but with other lateral heteroaromatic rings, e.g., quinoline or
      pyrimidine, also active, c) 5,5'-substituents of Cl, Br, or NO2 on the pyridine
      rings. For a series of 5,5'-substituted and 3,3'-dichloro,5,5'-substituted
      bispyridyloxybenzenes, no correlation was observed for Hansch pi and sigma p
      values. To account for this lack of correlation and conformational variability
      produced by the two ether bonds, we performed x-ray structure determinations on
      three compounds: a) TCPOBOP, b) the 5,5'-dichloro analogue, and c) the
      biologically inactive, 3,3'-dichloro analogue. In the two biologically active
      congeners the positioning of the pyridine rings is anti to the plane of the
      central benzene ring, and the dihedral angle between the central ring and the
      pyridines is approximately 60 degrees. In the inactive analogue the pyridine
      rings are syn and the dihedral angle is 84 degrees. The x-ray crystallographic
      data are consistent with the ether oxygen having an sp2-bonding conjugating with
      the heterodipolar bond of the pyridine C(2)--N(1), which strongly restricts
      rotation about the ether bonds. The potency of TCPOBOP and other
      bispyridyloxybenzene analogues to induce a phenobarbital-like pleiotropic
      response and the sharply defined structure-activity relationship among these
      congeners support the hypothesis that they act by binding to a specific
      recognition site.

PMID- 4058425
TI  - A new nucleosomal protein in normal liver related to the cytoplasmic polypeptide
      target of a carcinogen.
AB  - Normal adult rat liver contains a nucleosomal protein that is related to the
      principal target polypeptide of a carcinogen in cytoplasm. Normal rat liver was
      found previously to contain a 14 000-dalton polypeptide that is the principal
      cytosolic target of the carcinogen, N-2-fluorenylacetamide (2
      acetylaminofluorene; FAA), early during hepatocarcinogenesis. Elevated levels of
      immunohistochemically detectable target polypeptide in cytoplasm are associated
      with normal mitosis and carcinogen-induced hyperplasias in adult hepatocytes. A
      putatively related 17 500-dalton polypeptide was shown to be tightly bound to
      chromatin of normal liver nuclei. We report here that purified nucleosomes from
      normal rat liver contain the bound 17 500-dalton protein. Nuclei were digested
      with micrococcal nuclease, and the resultant nucleosomes were resolved into size
      classes by density gradient sedimentation. The monomers, dimers, and trimers of
      nucleosomes possessed bound 17 500-dalton polypeptide, as determined by SDS gel
      electrophoresis followed by immunoelectroblot analyses. Alterations in the levels
      of the two polypeptides were shown previously to occur during liver
      carcinogenesis by FAA and 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene. The findings
      support the possibility that the 17 500-dalton polypeptide may function normally
      in a role related to the replication or expression of the hepatic genome, and may
      be connected with changes in hepatic genic activity brought about by the
      carcinogens.

PMID- 4058426
TI  - Multiple forms of molybdate-stabilized glucocorticoid-receptor complexes from
      HeLa cell cytosol.
AB  - The investigation on hydrodynamic parameters of molybdate-stabilized
      glucocorticoid-receptor complexes from HeLa cell cytosol permitted resolution of
      four distinct forms. The first one could be detected in concentrated cytosols at
      low salt concentrations, and had the following properties: sedimentation
      coefficient = 9 S; Rs = 9.3 nm; Mr = 357,800; f/fo = 1.83; axial ratio (prolate
      ellipsoid) = 16. When these cytosol extracts were diluted, a second form could be
      detected with sedimentation coefficient = 8.3 S; Rs = 9.05 nm; Mr = 320,700; f/fo
      = 1.84; axial ratio = 16. Under high salt conditions, glucocorticoid-receptor
      complexes in concentrated cytosol had the following properties: sedimentation
      coefficient = 6.4 S; Rs = 6.7 nm; Mr = 183,100; f/fo = 1.64; axial ratio = 12.
      When either these cytosol extracts were diluted, or glucocorticoid-receptor
      complexes were subjected to repeated analysis, a fourth form was detected with
      sedimentation coefficient = 3.76 S; Rs = 5.67; Mr = 91,000; f/fo = 1.75; axial
      ratio = 14. Besides salt concentration and dilution, the time elapsed between
      sample dilution and analysis appeared to affect the hydrodynamic properties of
      glucocorticoid-receptor complexes. On the basis of our findings, it has been
      concluded that the most likely structure of molybdate-stabilized glucocorticoid
      receptor complexes of HeLa cell cytosol can be represented by association of
      monomers in homodimers, and homotetramers. A homotrimer form could not be deduced
      from our findings, and the 320,700 glucocorticoid-receptor complex we observed
      has been suggested to represent an unresolved mixture of trimers and tetramers.

PMID- 4058427
TI  - Glucocorticoids induce a 29 000 Mr protein in DDT1 MF-2 smooth muscle cells but
      not in the DDT1 MF-2 GR glucocorticoid resistant variant.
AB  - We have demonstrated that glucocorticoids induce in DDT1 MF-2 cells by a
      glucocorticoid mediated mechanism the synthesis of a methionine-cysteine rich
      protein of 29 000 Mr (p29). Induction of p29 is not observed in DDT1 MF-2 GR
      glucocorticoid resistant variants which have only 7% of glucocorticoid receptor
      site per cell compared to wild type cells. Increased synthesis of p29 is specific
      to glucocorticoids since neither androgens, estrogens, progesterone nor the
      glucocorticoid antagonist dexamethasone mesylate are effective inducers.
      Stimulation of p29 synthesis in wild type cells is observed at 10(-10) M
      triamcinolone acetonide, reaching a maximum at a concentration of 1 X 10(-8) M.
      The induction of p29 is not a function of glucocorticoid arrest of DDT1 MF-2
      cells since DDT1 MF-2 cells promoted to re-enter the cell cycle by 50 ng/ml
      platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) continue synthesis of p29. Finally,
      increased levels of p29 translation products are observed in cell free
      translation assays carried out utilizing poly A+ RNA transcripts isolated from
      glucocorticoid treated cells. These data suggest that the glucocorticoid
      stimulation of p29 synthesis is a transcriptional and/or RNA processing event
      controlled by glucocorticoid receptor complexes.

PMID- 4058428
TI  - [Function of neonatal neutrophilic granulocytes].
AB  - Phagocytic leukocytes especially neutrophils form an essential part of human host
      defense against infection by invading microorganisms. The principal activities
      exhibited by circulating neutrophils in response to inflammation include
      adherence to vascular endothelium, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and microbial
      killing. As reviewed in this article, each of these aspects of cell function has
      been studied in neutrophils of newborn and preterm infants. The most consistent
      finding has been abnormal chemotaxis. Whether the newborn infant who suffers from
      an increased susceptibility to serious infections is actually predisposed to
      infection because of deficiencies in neutrophil function remains questionable. It
      seems likely that subnormal phagocyte function combined with other defects in
      host defense such as deficient complement and opsonizing activity in neonatal
      sera could predispose the newborn infant to bacterial infections that rapidly
      become systemic.

PMID- 4058429
TI  - [Early diagnosis of neonatal infection].
AB  - In 93 preterm and term infants with proven neonatal septicemia and/or meningitis
      different leukocyte indexes were evaluated at onset of septicemia [absolute
      neutrophil count, immature neutrophil count, immature to total neutrophil ratio
      (I/T-ratio)]. 75% of the patients who developed septicemia within the first three
      days of life and 60% of all neonates with septicemia or meningitis could be
      identified by an elevated I/T-ratio, the most sensitive leukocyte count.
      Thrombocytopenia was observed in only 33% of the patients. Additional analysis of
      IgM and fibrinogen was neither helpful in identifying neonatal infections nor a
      valuable follow-up parameter of successful treatment. In contrast C-reactive
      protein (CRP) was increased in 88% of all infants with neonatal septicemia and/or
      meningitis at time of diagnosis; when used in combination neutrophil indexes and
      CRP even improved the sensitivity of a single laboratory screening test.

PMID- 4058430
TI  - [Oral medication in premature infants? Physical properties of liquid drug
      preparations].
AB  - The aim of our study was to investigate a possible connection of oral medication
      administered to preterm infants and the pathogenesis of necrotizing
      enterocolitis. Therefore, we measured pH, surface tension, colloid osmotic
      pressure and osmolality of 66 liquid drugs distributed in Germany. Most of the
      preparations had neutral or faint acid pH. Most drugs were hyperosmolar, we found
      osmolalities as high as 16,850 mOsm/l. Only 8 drugs had physiological osmolality.
      The colloid osmotic pressure ranged from 0 to 57 mm Hg. Surface tension was as
      low as 23.3 mN/m in alcoholic, as high as 76,3 mN/m in water solution. The effect
      of water dilution on surface tension and drop volume is shown by a linear
      dilution of Novodigal.

PMID- 4058431
TI  - [Immunopharmacologic treatment of 9 digitalis poisonings in children with sheep
      antidigoxin Fab].
AB  - A report is presented of the clinical experience in the treatment of severe
      digitalis poisoning in nine young children aged 1 month to 4 years with digitalis
      antibody fragments (Fab). In 8 cases, accidental poisoning was involved, and in
      one case there was overdosage during the course of treatment. Digoxin
      preparations had been taken by 8 of the cases, 6 times in liquid form, and in one
      case digitoxin. Reliable signs for the ingestion of digitalis with high
      concentrations in the serum and the appearance of life-threatening disorders of
      rhythm or conduction were taken as the indication for the use of Fab. The Fab
      dose was 80 to 480 mg per case treated and was adjusted according to the quantity
      of glycoside ingested. All of the children recovered completely. Regression of
      the arrhythmias and improvement of the clinical condition were seen during or
      shortly after administration of the Fab infusion. In the serum there was a rapid
      fall in the level of free digoxin and a simultaneous marked rise in that of bound
      inactive digoxin. The digoxin was excreted in the urine in the bound form.
      Tolerance was good. No allergic reactions to foreign protein or later reactions
      in the form of serum sickness were observed.

PMID- 4058432
TI  - [Acute course of Leigh syndrome with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a female
      infant].
AB  - A female infant already as a newborn progressively developed nutritional
      disturbances, metabolic acidosis, muscular hypotension and other neurologic
      changes, and on its 20th day of life suffered from an acute cardiac and
      respiratory insufficiency due to pericardial effusions causing cardiac tamponade.
      In spite of intensive care including mechanical ventilation the child died on the
      58th day of life. Cardiac changes and cranial CT-scans are demonstrated. The
      characteristic symptomatology as well as blood chemistry led to the tentative
      diagnosis of Leigh's disease. Postmortem examination confirmed this diagnosis.

PMID- 4058433
TI  - [Unremarkable heart and mediastinal configuration in a newborn infant with
      totally anomalous pulmonary venous anastomosis to the superior vena cava].
AB  - A neonate with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection draining via the right
      cardinal vein into the superior vena cava had a chest-X-ray unsuspicious for
      congenital heart disease, and initially was treated for neonatal sepsis. But as
      the clinical state impaired and cyanosis increased, sectorechocardiography
      revealed the right diagnosis. The child died soon after corrective surgery.

PMID- 4058434
TI  - Concepts of environmental pathology.

PMID- 4058435
TI  - Iatrogenic drug toxicity.

PMID- 4058436
TI  - Aging and smoking increase the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) in
      man.
AB  - The frequency of SCE was determined in lymphocytes of 88 healthy human subjects,
      not occupationally exposed to known genotoxic agents, who were uniformly
      distributed in several classes of age (from 16 to 70 years), including an equal
      number of smokers and non-smokers, and of males and females. Our results indicate
      that the frequency of SCE increases linearly with age and that smoking enhances
      the frequency of SCE independently of age and sex.

PMID- 4058437
TI  - Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells by the
      biotic ketoaldehyde methylglyoxal.
AB  - The number of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) per metaphase was determined in
      Chinese hamster ovary cells after 16 h exposure to methylglyoxal (MG)
      concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.75 mM. MG produced an increase of SCE
      frequency that proved to be dose-dependent, and to reach a maximum of 2 X
      baseline at the highest nontoxic concentration (0.5 mM).

PMID- 4058438
TI  - Benzene induces micronuclei in circulating erythrocytes of chronically treated
      mice.

PMID- 4058439
TI  - Genotoxicity of carcinogenic N-nitrosopropylamine derivatives in the hepatocyte
      primary culture/DNA-repair test.
AB  - The genotoxicity of N-nitrosodipropylamine, 8 of its oxidized derivatives and N
      nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine was examined in the hepatocyte primary culture
      (HPC)/DNA repair test. Nine N-nitrosamines which are known to be carcinogenic and
      mutagenic were clearly positive in the HPC/DNA-repair test. N-Nitroso(2,3
      dihydroxypropyl) (2-hydroxypropyl)amine did not elicit DNA repair, but showed a
      borderline mutagenic response in the Salmonella/microsome test. Thus, the HPC/DNA
      repair test displays a comparable capacity to the bacterial mutagenesis test for
      detecting the genotoxic effects of this class of carcinogens.

PMID- 4058440
TI  - Mutagenic and cytotoxic effects in V79 Chinese hamster cells treated with
      cisplatin and cisplatin plus procaine.

PMID- 4058442
TI  - Isolation of a photoreactivation-deficient mutant of Chlamydomonas.
AB  - A mutant deficient in photoreactivation has been isolated following mutagenesis
      of Chlamydomonas reinhardi with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N'-nitrosoguanidine. The mutant
      is deficient in the photorepair of pyrimidine dimers from nuclear DNA but appears
      to be normal in the rate of photorepair of dimers from chloroplast DNA. Cell-free
      extracts prepared from the photoreactivation-deficient mutant have about 17% of
      the DNA photolyase activity of wild-type cells. These results are consistent with
      the hypothesis that nuclear and chloroplast DNA photolyases are controlled by two
      separate genes.

PMID- 4058441
TI  - DNA fragmentation by N-nitrosodimethylamine and methyl methanesulfonate in human
      hepatocyte primary cultures.
AB  - The ability of N-nitrosodimethylamine (DMN) and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) to
      induce DNA damage in primary cultures of human hepatocytes was examined by the
      alkaline elution technique. Both the agents induced a dose-dependent increase in
      DNA elution rate, but appreciable differences in the degree of response to the
      procarcinogen DMN were observed among cultures obtained from the livers of four
      patients. A comparative analysis of DNA fragmentation indicated a substantial
      similarity between human and concurrently studied rat hepatocytes in their
      response to both DMN and MMS.

PMID- 4058443
TI  - Genetic analysis of X-ray-sensitive mutants of the CHO cell line.
AB  - The genetic diversity of 6 X-ray-sensitive (xrs) mutants of the CHO cell line has
      been investigated. Hybrids were constructed by fusing ouabain- and 6-thioguanine
      resistant cells to ouabain- and 6-thioguanine-sensitive cells and selecting in
      HAT and ouabain medium. Hybrids were examined for ploidy and X-ray sensitivity.
      Crosses between xrs mutants and wild-type showed that each mutant was recessive.
      Crosses between different xrs mutants showed that all were in the same
      complementation group. Although all the mutants are primarily sensitive to
      ionizing radiation and bleomycin, and all have a defect in double-strand break
      rejoining, their cross-sensitivity to other DNA-damaging agents differed to some
      degree. One explanation is that this repair gene is involved in a pleiotropic
      response to DNA damage.

PMID- 4058444
TI  - The relationship between molecular and cellular repair from potentially lethal
      damage induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Chinese hamster V79
      cells.
AB  - The relationship between molecular and cellular repair from potentially lethal
      damage (PLD) induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was
      investigated in exponentially growing V79 Chinese hamster cells. We compared the
      repair processes by an alkaline sucrose sedimentation analysis and a colony
      formation assay. MNNG-treated cells were exposed to the conditioned medium (CM)
      from density-inhibited plateau-phase V79 cell cultures, as a post-treatment for
      the induction of PLD repair. When MNNG-treated cells were postincubated in CM,
      cell survival continuously increased for 18 h, and during this period, DNA
      replication was substantially suppressed. CM did not inhibit the rejoining of the
      single-strand breaks of parental DNA. Rather, parental DNA fragments sedimented
      more rapidly when postincubated in CM than in fresh medium. These data indicate
      that cellular recovery from MNNG-induced PLD increases in proportion to the
      resealing of MNNG-induced single-strand breaks of DNA during the suppression of
      DNA replication, suggesting that excision repair is involved in the PLD repair
      process.

PMID- 4058446
TI  - Measurement of DNA polymerase beta in skin fibroblast cell lines from patients
      with ataxia telangiectasia.
AB  - DNA polymerase beta levels were measured in 4 cell lines of normal human skin
      fibroblasts and in 5 cell lines of skin fibroblasts from patients with ataxia
      telangiectasia, an autosomal recessive disease exhibiting marked X-ray
      sensitivity. The enzyme specific activities for the normal lines were similar and
      the mean value was 2-fold lower than the mean value for the ataxia lines. With
      both kinds of cells, the enzyme level did not change as the cultures progressed
      from logarithmic to stationary phase of growth. Thus, this putative DNA repair
      enzyme appears to be 'constitutive' in human skin fibroblast lines, and a modest
      elevation of beta-polymerase activity is associated with ataxia telangiectasia.
      These results are discussed in the context to current views about DNA-repair
      enzymes in X-ray-sensitive cultured mammalian cells.

PMID- 4058445
TI  - Accuracy of UV-induced DNA repair in V79 cells with imbalance of deoxynucleotide
      pools.
AB  - Chemical mutagens generally cause nucleotide pool imbalance. We postulated that
      this effect might enhance the mutagenic effect by reducing the accuracy of DNA
      repair synthesis. We used an inducer of DNA repair which causes minor pool
      modifications, namely UV light, and imbalanced the nucleotide pools by incubating
      UV-irradiated V79 cells with thymidine or deoxycytidine (10(-5)-10(-2) M) during
      the early phases of repair. The effects on pool sizes of the incubation with
      deoxynucleosides were determined by directly measuring the 4 deoxynucleoside
      triphosphates in cell extracts. The impairment of repair accuracy was evaluated
      by comparing the frequency of mutations at the HGPRT locus (induction of
      resistance to 6TG) in irradiated cells incubated with deoxynucleosides or allowed
      to carry on repair synthesis in nucleoside-free medium. Despite the marked
      imbalance of pyrimidine nucleotide pools, an increase of mutations was observed
      only with the highest concentrations of thymidine and deoxycytidine. Such an
      increase was much lower than that reported in the case of facilitation by excess
      nucleosides of chemically induced mutagenesis. The results indicate that UV
      induced repair is scarcely affected by precursor biases.

PMID- 4058447
TI  - DNA cross-links in human leucocytes treated with vinyl acetate and acetaldehyde
      in vitro.
AB  - Human leucocytes were incubated in the presence of vinyl acetate or acetaldehyde
      (10-20 mM) for 4 h at 37 degrees C in vitro. DNA damage was analysed by alkaline
      elution. None of the compounds induced a detectable increase in the frequency of
      DNA strand breaks. Cells exposed to 5 Gy of X-ray immediately after treatment and
      before alkaline elution showed a clear, dose-dependent retardation of the elution
      rate in comparison with X-irradiated control cells. These results demonstrate
      that both vinyl acetate and acetaldehyde induce DNA cross-links in human cells.

PMID- 4058448
TI  - Kinetics of unscheduled DNA synthesis in UV-irradiated chicken embryo
      fibroblasts.
AB  - Unscheduled DNA synthesis induced by 254-nm UV radiation in chicken embryo
      fibroblasts was examined for 24 h following irradiation, while cells were kept in
      the dark. The effect on this repair process of a 2-4 h exposure to
      photoreactivating light immediately after UV was studied. Initial [3H]thymidine
      incorporation in the light-treated cells was only slightly different from that in
      cells not exposed to light, but a distinct difference in rate and cumulative
      amount of unscheduled DNA synthesis was seen several hours after irradiation. By
      varying the UV dose and the time allowed for photoreactivation, the amount of
      dimers (determined as sites sensitive to a M. luteus UV-endonuclease) and non
      dimers could be changed. The results of these experiments suggest that excision
      repair of dimers, rather than non-dimer products, is responsible for the
      unscheduled DNA synthesis seen after UV irradiation.

PMID- 4058449
TI  - The influence of mating status and age on the induction of chromosome aberrations
      and dominant lethals in irradiated female mice.
AB  - Young and old hybrid female mice were given 0.5 Gy or 2 Gy acute x-irradiation,
      followed by (i) in utero examination for dominant lethal mutations, or (ii)
      examination of metaphase I oocytes for chromosome aberrations 2-3 weeks after the
      irradiation. Some of the old females had been mated when young to males of a
      specific locus stock. Others were left unmated until after the irradiation when
      they, and the young females, were mated to the same specific locus stock and
      allowed to have 1 (if given 2 Gy) or 2 (if given 0.5 Gy) litters before the
      dominant lethal test. In both the 0.5-Gy and 2-Gy series, mean sizes of first
      litters in the old late-mated group were markedly lower than in the old early
      mated or young groups, the differences being significant at the 2-Gy level. The
      intrauterine examinations showed that this difference was largely the result of a
      reduced ovulation rate in the old late-mated females. Preimplantation loss tended
      to be higher in all the old females than in the young ones, but differences
      between the groups in postimplantation lethality were less pronounced. In the
      chromosome studies, only about half as many oocytes were recovered from the
      ovaries of old females than from young ones. At both the 0.5-Gy and 2-Gy dose
      levels interchange frequencies were non-significantly higher in old than in young
      females (with no clear-cut effect of mating status), while the overall frequency
      of aberrations (interchanges + fragments) was significantly higher in oocytes of
      old than young females after 2 Gy X-rays (35.5% against 12.5%). No specific locus
      mutations were found in 5616 offspring of unirradiated females.

PMID- 4058450
TI  - Methods for study of mutations and mutagenesis in human lymphocytes.
AB  - Detailed methods are presented for measurement and study of in vivo mutations and
      in vitro mutagenesis in human lymphocytes. The methods described include
      preparation of conditioned medium containing interleukin-2, enumeration of mutant
      clones, in vitro mutagenesis, and expansion of mutant clones for further study.

PMID- 4058451
TI  - Use of phytohemagglutinin response to determine the extent that somatic cell
      mutation accounts for 6-thioguanine resistance of human blood mononuclear cells.
AB  - We investigated the likelihood that human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
      which incorporate tritiated thymidine in the presence of 6-thioguanine (6-TG) are
      mutants by comparing findings for cells from the same blood specimen cultured in
      the presence or absence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA). After 42 h in culture,
      autoradiography revealed that about 0.1% of cells from healthy control donors and
      1% of cells from patients receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer labeled in the
      absence of PHA. About 5% of this number labeled when 6-TG was added to the
      medium. This high frequency of cells labeling in the presence of 6-TG suggested
      that many cells were resistant to 6-TG for reasons other than mutation at the
      HGPRT locus. Despite a labeling index of about 30% in the presence of PHA alone,
      the addition of PHA to cells cultured with 6-TG did not increase the labeling
      index over that observed with 6-TG alone. Also, in the presence of 6-TG there was
      a significant correlation between labeling indices for cells from the same blood
      specimen cultured with or without PHA. These findings suggest that the two
      conditions measured the same population of non-mutant cells. These studies
      reinforce observations made by the developers of this technique and other
      laboratories which indicate that refinements will be required before the assay
      can be used to study somatic cell mutation in human populations. Such refinements
      are underway in several laboratories; although not definitive, the approach and
      procedures used in this report which investigated the original assay procedure
      provide methods and criteria to judge whether modifications of assay techniques
      improve the quantification of in vivo human somatic cell mutation.

PMID- 4058452
TI  - Electrical properties of commercial concentric EMG electrodes.
AB  - Five electrical characteristics--impedance, broadband noise generation, line
      interference sensitivity, signal distortion, and common-mode conversion--were
      measured in five electromyographic (EMG) concentric needle electrodes (CNEs) from
      each of six commercial manufacturers. Untreated CNEs showed considerable
      variation in impedance and broadband noise characteristics, both within and among
      manufacturers. Electrolytic treatment reduced impedances by a factor between 1.5
      and 4.0, and lessened within-manufacturer variability. Average post-treatment
      impedances at 100 Hz ranged from 31 to 436 kOhms, reflecting in part the range of
      core surface areas. Treatment also reduced the broadband noise to the level of
      the instrumentation noise for all but the highest impedance CNEs. Distortion and
      common-mode conversion were negligible for the lowest impedance CNEs. Line
      interference from a nearby power cord was completely suppressed only by those
      CNEs with fully shielded cables, and then only when the electromyographer also
      was grounded; there was no measurable benefit when the shield was driven, as
      opposed to grounded. We conclude that there are consistent differences in the
      properties of CNEs from different manufacturers, reflecting differences in
      materials, design, and construction; electrolytic treatment temporarily improves
      the performance of all CNEs, and tends to lessen the differences among them, most
      likely through a surface electrochemical effect; and both active and passive
      cable shields are effective in reducing extraneous line interference.

PMID- 4058453
TI  - Potassium depletion myopathy: a clinical and morphological study of six cases.
AB  - Acute myopathy in conditions associated with endogenous or drug-induced potassium
      loss has been reported. We describe six patients with potassium depletion
      myopathy (P-DM). The clinical picture included flaccid muscle weakness without
      sensory loss, myalgia, polyuria, and polydipsia. All the cases had markedly
      increased serum creatine kinase (CK) levels. The most consistent pathological
      characteristics were phagocytosis of degenerating muscle fibers plus fiber
      regeneration. Atrophy of type 2 fibers was observed. Vacuoles and vesicular
      elements originating from T-tubules were also encountered. The clinical
      manifestations and morphological changes had reversed after potassium repletion.
      Both constriction of vascular smooth muscle and cellular energy failure may be
      pathogenetic factors in P-DM.

PMID- 4058454
TI  - Free-energy carriers in human cultured muscle cells.
AB  - Creatine phosphate (CrP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), creatine kinase (CK),
      adenylate kinase (AK), protein, and DNA were quantified in human muscle cell
      cultures undergoing transition from dividing myoblasts to multinucleate myotubes.
      CrP is negligible in cultures grown in commonly applied media but increases
      rapidly when sufficient exogeneous creatine is available. The rise in CrP content
      precedes the rapid increase of CK and cessation of DNA synthesis found during
      cell fusion. The addition of creatine has no significant effect on the CK and
      protein content and on the fusion of the human muscle cells. ATP, AK, and protein
      increase gradually during proliferation and differentiation. When expressed per
      milligram of protein, ATP and AK are in the same range as in human skeletal
      muscle and are not correlated to the cell fusion. In contrast, CrP and CK per
      milligram protein are much higher in myotubes than in myoblasts but remain much
      lower than in muscle. These data indicate that only an early differentiation
      phase has been reached in the muscle cell cultures.

PMID- 4058455
TI  - Endoneurial potassium is increased and enhances spontaneous activity in
      regenerating mammalian nerve fibers--implications for neuropathic positive
      symptoms.
AB  - The endoneurial fluid potassium [K+]e has potent effects on membrane potential
      and excitability but direct measurements have not been reported. The [K+]e was
      measured with K+ ion-sensitive microelectrodes in normal, demyelinated, and
      regenerating rat peripheral nerve fibers. The mean value in normal nerve was 3.7
      mM. The [K+]e was consistently elevated in regenerating nerves and infrequently
      elevated in demyelinated nerves. The time course of [K+]e was studied in the left
      tibial nerve of 22 rats 2 days to 3 months in the extended crush model. The [K+]e
      was increased and peaked in the first 2 weeks, with a progressive decline toward
      control values after that. Single fiber recordings were made from the tibial
      division of the sciatic nerve in 13 animals. The mean number of single fibers
      studied per rat was 55.5 (SD 24.6). Spontaneous activity (SA) was present in all
      regenerating nerves and was maximal in the first 2-4 weeks. Endoneurial K+ was
      further increased by intraarterial injection of potassium into the saphenous
      artery. Spontaneous activity was enhanced when [K+]e began to rise; there were
      further superimposed bursts of SA with the administration of additional boluses.
      These findings suggest that [K+]e increase is a factor in enhancing SA in damaged
      nerve fibers.

PMID- 4058456
TI  - Altered rat skeletal muscle carnitine with age and after denervation.
AB  - We investigated the effect of denervation on the concentration of total free, and
      acyl carnitine in the soleus (S), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and anterior
      tibial (AT) muscles of the rat. Soon after denervation there was a marked
      decrease in total carnitine in all three muscles. Acyl carnitine levels decreased
      concomitantly with changes in total carnitine. In control but not in denervated
      muscle, the carnitine concentration was age-dependent during the period of rapid
      growth of the animals. The highest carnitine concentration was observed at 14
      weeks of age. The results of this study suggest that normal innervation
      significantly influences carnitine-mediated lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle.

PMID- 4058457
TI  - Evolution of nerve conduction velocity in later childhood and adolescence.
AB  - Sensory and/or motor nerve conduction velocities (NCVs) were measured in median,
      radial, sural, and peroneal nerves of 54 healthy girls and 75 healthy boys aged 3
      19 years. Independent of the nerve and sex, both motor and sensory NCVs increased
      in the upper extremities and decreased in the lower ones as a function of
      age/growth in length. NCV increased in the upper limbs on an average 3.17 m/sec
      in the boys and in the girls 1.47 m/sec per 10 years of life. As for the nerves
      of the lower extremities, NCV slowed down on the average 1.81 m/sec in the boys
      and in the girls 3.62 m/sec per 10 years of age. The change varied in different
      nerves. A highly significant one (P less than 0.001) was found in both the motor
      and sensory NCVs of peroneal nerve in the girls and in the sensory NCV of radial
      nerve in boys. On the average NCV was in most nerves faster in the girls than in
      boys of the same age. According to these results, changes occur in the function--
      and thus probably also in the morphology---of peripheral nerves even in later
      childhood and adolescence. These changes pertain to general maturation, growth in
      length of the limbs, and possibly also sex.

PMID- 4058458
TI  - Clinical investigation in Duchenne dystrophy: V. Use of creatine kinase and
      pyruvate kinase in carrier detection.
AB  - We have determined the value of creatine and pyruvate kinase (CK and PK) in
      carrier detection by evaluating 811 females in 73 families participating in the
      Collaborative Investigation of Duchenne Dystrophy. Thirty-nine obligate carriers,
      244 normal controls (paternal females), as well as 76 possible carriers and 351
      carrier suspects had three CK and PK specimens analyzed at a central laboratory.
      The CK and PK values varied with age in normals: both fell with age early in
      life, and CK rose after the fifth decade. Discriminant analysis indicated that
      the combination of mean CK and PK corrected for age yielded the best data for
      calculation of carrier probability. Using the best model, only 45% of obligate
      carriers could be identified at a false-positive rate of 2.5%. Daughters of
      obligate carriers have a disproportionate decline in CK and PK with age as
      compared to noncarrier females, suggesting that the rate of carrier detection
      will be higher in the first two decades. Our low rate of carrier detection, as
      compared to other studies, may reflect both the age of our obligate carrier
      population and the use of a control group that is more representative of the
      carrier population.

PMID- 4058459
TI  - F waves.

PMID- 4058460
TI  - Basic polyaminoacids and protamine stimulate enzyme release from frog muscles.
AB  - Polylysines, polyornithine, and protamine increased the release of creatine
      kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from frog muscles. With 5
      micrograms/ml (50 nM) of a polylysine of molecular weight 100,000, enzyme release
      reached peak values (ten-fold above control) within 30 minutes; subsequent
      removal of the polylysine did not reduce significantly the release rates. The
      effectiveness of the polycations increased with the degree of polymerization.
      Their effects were prevented by pretreatment of the muscles with polyanions
      (heparin or polyglutamic acids) and were reversed when heparin was applied within
      30 minutes of exposure to polylysine. The initial stimulation of enzyme release
      by polylysine was attenuated by Ca-free solutions and by low temperature (4
      degrees C). It is suggested that, while fiber damage can explain the increased
      loss of sarcoplasmic enzymes after prolonged treatment of frog muscles with
      polycations, other mechanisms (perhaps exocytosis) are involved in the
      stimulation of CK and LDH release during brief exposures to nanomolar
      concentrations of polylysines or polyornithine.

PMID- 4058461
TI  - Morphology of stable muscle grafts of rats: effects of gender and muscle type.
AB  - Our purpose was to quantify morphological characteristics of extensor digitorum
      longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscle grafts in female (N = 8) and male (N = 8)
      rats. Muscles were grafted orthotopically, with the nerve remaining intact, and
      were studied 56 days later. The mass of EDL and SOL grafts and control muscles of
      females was 60% to 65% of male values; this difference was directly related to
      gender differences in body mass. The fiber composition of EDL and SOL grafts did
      not differ from control, and no gender effects were noted. The mean fiber area
      (MFA) of control EDL and SOL muscles of females averaged 65% of male values. The
      MFA of grafts did not differ due to gender, and averaged 60% of control value for
      SOL and 70% for EDL grafts. We conclude there are no substantial differences in
      the regenerative capacity of EDL and SOL muscles grafted with the nerve intact.

PMID- 4058462
TI  - Alcoholic polyneuropathy.
AB  - Alcoholic polyneuropathy is a common disorder, characterized by nonspecific
      clinical, electromyographic, and pathologic features. Nerve conduction studies
      and needle electromyography disclose findings consistent with a generalized,
      sensorimotor, axonal degenerative, polyneuropathy. Alcoholic polyneuropathy may
      be suspected when such findings occur in the setting of long-standing alcoholism
      and malnutrition. The lack of specific diagnostic criteria for alcoholic
      polyneuropathy requires that other potential etiologies be excluded before that
      diagnosis is made. The institution of a nutritionally-balanced diet constitutes
      the principal therapy for alcoholic polyneuropathy, however, significant
      improvement following such therapy is not frequently seen.

PMID- 4058463
TI  - Acoustic myography: a noninvasive monitor of motor unit fatigue.
AB  - Acoustic myography is the recording of sounds produced by contracting muscle.
      These sounds become louder with increasing force of contraction. We have compared
      muscle sounds with surface EMG to monitor the dissociation of electrical from
      mechanical events (presumably, the loss of excitation-contraction coupling) which
      occur with motor unit fatigue. Acoustic signals were amplified using a standard
      phonocardiograph, recorded on FM magnetic tape, and digitally analyzed. Muscles
      were examined at rest, with intermittent contractions, and with sustained
      contractions. We found that with fatigue, the acoustic amplitude decayed, but the
      surface EMG amplitude did not. With decreased effort, however, the acoustic and
      the surface EMG amplitudes declined simultaneously. By simultaneously recording
      acoustic signals and needle EMG, individual motor units were resolved
      acoustically in two muscles with decreased numbers of motor units and increased
      motor unit size. Fasciculations also produced acoustic signals, although no
      acoustic signal has yet been found that correlates with fibrillations. Analysis
      of acoustic signals from muscle provides a noninvasive method for monitoring
      motor unit fatigue in vivo. It may also be useful in distinguishing muscle
      fatigue from decreased volition.

PMID- 4058464
TI  - Experimental acute alcoholic myopathy--a histochemical study.
AB  - The histochemical features of muscle injury and repair were examined in an
      experimental form of acute alcoholic myopathy in the rat. Typical features of
      rhabdomyolysis were found, which were indicated by scattered muscle fiber
      necrosis followed by sequential phases of fiber degeneration, phagocytosis, and
      regeneration. Nests of small, regenerated, or split fibers remained 2 months
      after the episode of acute myopathy. Vulnerability of type 1 fibers to alcohol
      induced muscle injury was evident by selective involvement of muscles with type 1
      fiber predominance and by the fact that regenerating fibers were virtually
      exclusively type 1. The histologic features of myopathy in this model closely
      parallel those in human acute alcoholic myopathy.

PMID- 4058465
TI  - Acquired versus familial demyelinative neuropathies in children.
AB  - The electrophysiologic differences between chronic acquired demyelinative
      neuropathy and the demyelinative form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease have
      recently been reported. The present report extends these observations to include
      the genetically determined demyelinating neuropathies seen in metachromatic
      leukodystrophy, Krabbe's leukodystrophy, and Cockayne's syndrome. The
      electrophysiologic features of metachromatic leukodystrophy (five patients),
      Krabbe's (four patients), and Cockayne's syndrome (three patients) were all
      similar. There was uniform slowing of conduction (both in different nerves and in
      different nerve segments), and conduction block was not seen. These findings are
      consistent with a uniform degree of demyelination in multiple nerves and
      throughout the entire length of individual axons. Thus, uniform slowing of nerve
      conduction constitutes strong evidence for a familial demyelinative neuropathy,
      as opposed to the multifocal slowing seen in acute and chronic acquired
      demyelinative neuropathy.

PMID- 4058466
TI  - Response of satellite cells to focal skeletal muscle injury.
AB  - The time course and pattern of the initiation of satellite cell mitoses was
      studied following a crush injury of the distal third of the 30-day-old rat
      extensor digitorum longus, a muscle in which myofibers run the entire length of
      the belly. Satellite cell mitotic activity was monitored using autoradiography
      after injection of 3H-thymidine. Satellite cell labeling rose above control
      values by 15 hours post injury at the injured site and by 20 hours in the middle
      third or adjacent undamaged portion of the muscle. Labeling decreased in the
      proximal third of the muscle, so that by 25 hours post injury, a gradient of
      labeling was established along the muscle length. Electron microscopy (EM)
      quantitation showed that the reduced labeling in the proximal third resulted from
      a reduction in satellite cell numbers. The results suggest that mitotic activity
      of satellite cells after localized injury occurs mainly at or near the site of
      injury, but that many of the dividing cells have migrated from undamaged areas
      distant from the lesion site.

PMID- 4058467
TI  - Polymyositis: reduction of acetylcholine receptors in skeletal muscle.
AB  - In polymyositis (PM), neither the precise target nor the mechanism of the attack
      against skeletal muscle have yet been defined. In this study, we report evidence
      of a pathologic process involving a membrane component of muscle, acetylcholine
      receptors (AChRs). Our results show that PM patients have significantly reduced
      AChRs at neuromuscular junctions, averaging 55% below control values (P less than
      0.01). Incubation of cultured mammalian muscle cells with sera from PM patients
      significantly reduced (P less than 0.005) the number of surface AChRs and
      increased their rate of degradation in 7/8 cases (P less than 0.005). Similar
      effects were produced by purified IgG from PM patients. These results demonstrate
      the presence in PM patients of circulating IgG with functional effects on a
      component of the surface membrane of skeletal muscle. They suggest that PM and
      myasthenia gravis may have important features in common.

PMID- 4058468
TI  - Morphometric analysis of intramuscular nerves.
AB  - Intramuscular nerves were obtained at autopsy from five adult controls and were
      morphometrically analyzed. The number of myelinated fibers was directly
      proportional to the diameter of the fascicles. The fascicles were grouped into
      six sizes according to diameter. For each group, the normal range of distribution
      of the number of myelinated fibers could be estimated. Fiber size distribution
      and myelinated fiber density were also calculated. A unimodal fiber size
      distribution was observed for the small fascicles (less than 50 microns in
      diameter), and a bimodal pattern was observed for the large fascicles. Total
      myelinated fiber density was high in the small fascicles, and it decreased as the
      fascicles became larger in size, approaching the values observed in the large
      peripheral nerves. This study will be helpful in objectively evaluating
      morphological changes of intramuscular nerves in adult neuromuscular disorders.

PMID- 4058469
TI  - Measurement of junctional acetylcholine receptors in myasthenia gravis: clinical
      correlates.
AB  - We measured the number of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at neuromuscular
      junctions (NMJs) in motor point biopsies from 76 patients with myasthenia gravis
      (MG) and 49 control subjects, using an alpha-bungarotoxin binding technique. The
      mean number of AChRs/NMJ was significantly lower (P less than 0.001) in muscles
      of MG patients (deltoid 0.7 +/- 0.1 X 10(7) than in controls (2.1 X 0.2 X 10(7).
      None of the control muscles had fewer than 0.9 X 10(7) AChRs/NMJ, and 75% of MG
      muscles were below that level. Conversely, 88% of controls had 1.5 X 10(7) or
      more AChRs/NMJ, whereas only one of the MG muscles (2.5%) was at or above that
      level. The reduction of AChRs correlated approximately with the clinical severity
      of weakness (P less than 0.02). Patients with focal weakness had reduced numbers
      of AChRs/NMJ in clinically strong muscles. The only other condition in which
      junctional AChRs were reduced was polymyositis. These findings in a large sample
      of patients confirm the reduction of junctional AChRs in MG, the relationship of
      available junctional AChRs to clinical manifestations, and the systemic nature of
      the disorder even in cases with focal weakness. Measurement of AChRs can be
      useful diagnostically in situations where other tests are inconclusive.

PMID- 4058470
TI  - Protein degradation in cultured skeletal muscle from Duchenne muscular dystrophy
      patients.
AB  - The loss of contractile protein in Duchenne muscular dystrophy could result from
      low rates of synthesis, abnormally high rates of protein degradation, or a
      combination of both. We measured overall protein degradation rates in cultured
      human muscle cells obtained at biopsy from patients with Duchenne dystrophy or
      various muscle diseases and normal subjects. Measurements were performed on
      confluent cultures exhibiting no growth and containing a mixed cell population of
      myoblasts, fibroblasts, and multinucleated myotubes. Using a new double-isotope
      labeling protocol, we found protein degradation rates in all three groups to be
      similar (KD = 0.0171-0.0176 hr-1), suggesting no detectable abnormality of
      overall protein degradation in cells derived from Duchenne dystrophy patients.

PMID- 4058471
TI  - Postpoliomyelitis muscle pseudohypertrophy.
AB  - A 62-year-old patient who had had acute paralytic poliomyelitis in early
      childhood developed bilateral lower limb muscle pseudohypertrophy. The
      pseudohypertrophy was caused primarily by an enormous excess of adipose tissue
      replacing muscle fibers, and, in part, by work hypertrophy of muscle fibers.

PMID- 4058472
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse in myotonic dystrophy.
AB  - Forty-three patients with myotonic dystrophy (MyD) and 43 age- and sex-matched
      controls were prospectively evaluated for mitral valve prolapse (MVP) using both
      cardiac auscultation and echocardiography (ECHO). Prevalence of MVP was
      significantly increased in MyD patients when using either abnormal auscultation
      plus abnormal ECHO (23.3%, P less than 0.02) or abnormal ECHO alone (30%, P less
      than 0.01) as diagnostic criteria for MVP. Frequency of MVP was even more
      increased in patients with a thin, flat chest compared with patients with normal
      physical appearance (P less than 0.007). These findings are in support of the
      concept that the increased frequency of MVP in neuromuscular disorders is likely
      due to geometrical changes of the heart caused by thorax deformities, rather than
      structural changes of the mitral valve. For this reason, MVP in MyD probably
      belongs to the entity of so-called benign, secondary MVP. This is further
      supported by the absence of symptoms of "systemic" complications of MVP in our
      patient population.

PMID- 4058473
TI  - Postnatal histochemical fiber type differentiation in normal and hypothyroid rat
      soleus muscle.
AB  - We have analyzed the effect of 6-propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism on
      neonatal fiber type differentiation in the rat soleus muscle. Body weight, total
      soleus fiber number, histochemical fiber type differentiation, and morphometry
      were determined at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Neonatal hypothyroidism (1) inhibits
      the apparent approximately 50% increase in soleus muscle fiber number occurring
      at 14-21 days, (2) blocks the transformation of type 2C to type 2A fibers
      occurring between 14 and 21 days, (3) preferentially inhibits the increase in
      type 2 fiber diameter, and (4) retards the development of sarcoplasmic reticulum.
      Immature muscle fibers reveal type 1 and type 2 fiber myosin adenosine
      triphosphatase (ATPase) differentiation at pH 10.3, which drops to pH 9.4 with
      maturation. No myosin ATPase differentiation was found at pH 9.4 in the
      hypothyroid animals, even at 28 days.

PMID- 4058474
TI  - Neonatal spinal muscular atrophy presenting as respiratory distress: a clinical
      variant.
AB  - Respiratory distress from diaphragmatic and intercostal muscular weakness was the
      presenting feature of two neonates with progressive spinal muscular atrophy,
      leading to death in the first 2 months of life. This atypical feature provides
      evidence of heterogeneity within the commonly used clarification of type 1 spinal
      muscular atrophy.

PMID- 4058475
TI  - F-waves in neurogenic atrophy.
AB  - F-waves were determined in the peroneal nerves of 17 normal subjects, 11
      amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, and 13 patients with other
      disorders causing neurogenic atrophy (NA) in extensor digitorum brevis muscle. F
      waves were examined with regard to latency and waveform. Latency was increased
      above normal for both ALS and NA patients (P less than 0.024 and P less than
      0.003, respectively). In normal subjects, the mean number of repeated responses
      (same latency and waveform) was 1.9 (r = 1.0-5.0), where 1.0 corresponds to no
      repeated response. In ALS patients, repeated responses were 2.9 (r = 1.2-7.8),
      which is not significantly different from normal (P less than 0.099). In NA
      patients, repeated responses were 6.5 (r = 1.6-23), which is significantly above
      normal (P less than 0.041). A dominant waveform occurred in 21.5% (mean) of
      responses in normal subjects (r = 4%-58%). In ALS and NA, corresponding values
      were 40.3% (r = 10%-88%) and 44.1% (r = 17%-100%), both of which were
      significantly above normal (P less than 0.014 and P less than 0.012,
      respectively). The distribution of F-wave latencies is often nonrandom in normal,
      ALS, and NA subjects. The dominant F-wave that was present in normal subjects and
      significantly increased in ALS and NA subjects may result from decreased numbers
      of motoneurons capable of contributing to the F-response and would seem to be a
      useful additional measure of abnormality.

PMID- 4058476
TI  - Morphometric studies of normal sural nerves in children.
AB  - Quantitative histologic studies of biopsies of normal sural nerves were performed
      on nine children aged 4 days to 17 years. Stereologic computerized procedures
      were used to determine total endoneurial area, size distribution and number of
      myelinated, unmyelinated fibers and Schwann cell nuclei per nerve and per square
      millimeter, and the ratio of myelin thickness to axonal diameter. There was an
      inverse linear relationship between the number of myelinated fibers per square
      millimeter and increasing age. A stronger correlation was found between the
      number of Schwann cell nuclei per nerve (P less than 0.01) and per square
      millimeter (P less than 0.001) and the logarithm of age. The slope of myelin
      thickness/axon diameter regression lines (P less than 0.001) changed with age in
      linear relationship (correlation coefficient: P less than 0.001). There were no
      age-dependent changes in the number and density of unmyelinated fibers, but the
      number of unmyelinated axons per Schwann cell subunit decreased with age. Size
      distribution histograms for myelinated fibers showed a unimodal profile in the
      newborn. A second peak at 6-7 micron appeared at age 3 months, shifting
      progressively to 9-11 micron at 14 years. The distribution of unmyelinated fibers
      was unimodal, with a peak around 0.8 micron, irrespective of age. There were
      marked individual variations in endoneurial area.

PMID- 4058477
TI  - Endogenous lectins in normal and dystrophic muscle development.
AB  - Two endogenous lectin activities, one specific for beta-D-galactose (beta-D-Gal)
      residues and purified on asialofetuin-Sepharose and the second specific for
      iduronic acid containing glycosaminoglycans and purified on heparin-Sepharose,
      have been studied during myogenesis in both normal and dystrophic chickens. The
      Storrs strain, homozygous for muscular dystrophy, and the dystrophic strain 413
      from the University of California at Davis were both used in this study. Strain
      412 and local hatchery chickens were used as controls. The lectins derived from
      all sources appeared to be identical based on physical properties and
      carbohydrate specificity. Both normal and dystrophic adult chickens possessed
      similar lectin levels in lung, spleen, kidney, heart, and muscle tissue. No
      differences were noted in the temporal appearance of the heparin-binding lectin;
      however, the beta-D-Gal-binding lectin appeared earlier in the Storrs dystrophic
      strain than it did in the 413, 412, or hatchery embryos.

PMID- 4058478
TI  - Distal muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 4058479
TI  - A new clamp for muscle and nerve biopsy.

PMID- 4058480
TI  - A new human case of anixiopsis stercoraria mycosis: discussion of its taxonomy
      and pathogenicity.

PMID- 4058481
TI  - A new combination of tolnaphtate and methylpartricine (SPA-S-345, Tritol) for
      mycotic skin infections.

PMID- 4058482
TI  - Studies on histoplasmosis farciminosii (epizootic lymphangitis) in Egypt. III.
      Application of a skin test ('Histofarcin') in the diagnosis of epizootic
      lymphangitis in horses.

PMID- 4058483
TI  - Heme requirement and acquisition by extracellular and intracellular stages of
      Leishmania mexicana amazonensis.
AB  - The inability to synthesize heme, a well known metabolic defect of trypanosomatid
      protozoa, accounts for their growth requirement for heme compounds in vitro. We
      now extend this finding to a pathogen Leishmania mexicana amazonensis, especially
      the intracellular replicative stage of amastigotes in the macrophage. We measured
      the level of heme and its biosynthetic enzymes, aminolevulinate dehydratase and
      porphobilinogen deaminase in the parasites and in infected and non-infected
      macrophages of J774G8 line. Succinylacetone was used to inhibit heme
      biosynthesis. Leishmanias transform and grow only in medium containing either
      heme (usually supplied as hemin) or protoporphyrin IX (the latter is
      leishmanicidal at high concentrations). We detected 1.2, 8.5 and 25 pmol mg-1
      protein of heme in amastigotes, promastigotes and macrophages, respectively. The
      activities of porphobilinogen deaminase and aminolevulinate dehydratase in
      macrophages were 70 and 2400 pmol h-1 mg-1 protein, respectively. Leishmania
      infected macrophages gave the same results and leishmanias had negligible
      activities of these enzymes. Succinylacetone at 10(-9)-10(-3) M had no effect on
      leishmanias, but dose-dependently inhibited the activity of aminolevulinate
      dehydratase to a negligible level and lowered that of porphobilinogen deaminase
      in macrophages, resulting in a maximum of 66% reduction in intracellular heme.
      Amastigotes grew equally well in succinylacetone-treated and control untreated
      macrophages. The results suggest that L. m. amazonensis, incapable of heme
      biosynthesis, acquires heme exogenously from the culture medium, i.e., fetal
      bovine serum, independent of the heme synthesized by the macrophages.

PMID- 4058484
TI  - Biochemical studies on the 30-40 kDa Schistosoma mansoni surface antigens.
AB  - Biochemical studies of the previously identified 30-40 kDa surface antigens of
      Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula confirmed that four molecules could be
      discriminated in this antigenic group. The antigens presented slightly different
      molecular mass in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (40,
      38, 37 and 32 kDa) but were all found in isoelectric focusing at the same pH (6.2
      6 and 7.5). The four antigens bound to concanavalin A and only the 32 kDa
      molecule had affinity for the Lens culinaris agglutinin. These results indicated
      almost similar biochemical characteristics of the 30-40 kDa antigens and partial
      hydrolysis of the 38 and 32 kDa antigens suggested that they were affected by a
      similar cleavage process. The possibility of a structural homology between these
      two components is discussed.

PMID- 4058485
TI  - Comparison of African trypanosomes of different antigenic phenotypes, subspecies
      and life cycle stages by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
AB  - High resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel (2D gel) electrophoresis and
      autoradiography were used to analyze the protein gene products of African
      trypanosomes biosynthetically labelled with [35S]methionine. Using cloned
      populations of parasites it was found that: antigenically different bloodstream
      trypanosomes from the same serodeme differed only in their variant surface
      glycoproteins; Trypanosoma brucei, T.b. rhodesiense and T.b. gambiense subspecies
      could be distinguished on the basis of differences in expressed proteins;
      transformation from bloodstream trypomastigotes to procyclic epimastigote culture
      forms was accompanied by loss of variant surface glycoproteins and several other
      qualitative and quantitative changes in minor proteins. The results indicate that
      2D gel analysis may allow improved classification of African trypanosomes (based
      on the observation of hundreds of protein markers) and may also provide a general
      technique for the identification of lifecycle stage specific markers.

PMID- 4058486
TI  - Identification by monoclonal antibody of a major (28 kDa) surface membrane
      antigen of Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody M.1 was generated from mice immunized with membrane enriched
      extracts of mechanically transformed schistosomula. M.1 bound to the surface
      membranes of cercariae and young (0-24 h post-transformation) schistosomula but
      did not bind to older schistosomula or cultured worms. M.1 immunoprecipitated an
      antigen of approximate molecular weight 27-28 kDa from schistosomula. Experiments
      using metabolic labeling showed that the antigen was actively synthesized by
      developing schistosomula. Further M.1 immunoprecipitated a similar 27-28 kDa
      antigen from membrane-enriched extracts of miracidia, lung and adult worms as
      well as from schistosomula.

PMID- 4058487
TI  - Evidence that the 32, 38 and 20 kilodalton surface antigens of schistosomula and
      schistosomes are a family of conserved proteins.
AB  - The structures of the 38, 32 and 20 kDa surface antigens isolated from
      schistosomula and adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni were compared by two
      dimensional peptide mapping, by immunological analysis and by one- and two
      dimensional electrophoresis. Peptide mapping showed a high degree of similarity
      between the isolated antigens from both parasite stages. The NIMP/M47 monoclonal
      antibody showed cross-reactivity between the 32 and the 20 kDa antigens under
      denaturating and non-denaturating conditions, as demonstrated by
      immunoprecipitation and Western blotting. It is concluded that these antigens
      constitute a homologous family of surface antigens.

PMID- 4058488
TI  - Rapid preparative scale purification of myristylated variant surface
      glycoproteins from African trypanosomes.
AB  - A rapid method for the preparative-scale purification of variant surface
      glycoproteins (VSG) from African trypanosomes has been developed to investigate
      the recently described myristylated form of this molecule. This high-performance
      liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure gives high yields and can be achieved in
      as little as 1 h from the preparation of a cell lysate in 0.1% trifluoroacetic
      acid (TFA). Solubilization of myristylated VSG in 0.1% TFA was shown to be much
      more effective than in neutral or zwitterionic detergents. Surface iodination of
      bloodstream trypanosomes and subsequent lysis in TFA showed that no proteolytic
      degradation of VSG occurred during solubilization and purification. Biosynthetic
      labelling of trypanosomes with [3H]myristic acid and purification of VSG by the
      described method, demonstrated that the VSG possessed covalently linked fatty
      acid and can therefore be defined as the membrane form of VSG. Evidence was
      provided that the myristic acid was covalently associated with the C-terminal
      portion of the VSG via a hydroxyester bond. Solubilization of the myristylated
      VSG by 0.1% TFA could be interpreted to indicate that the fatty acid was not
      embedded in the trypanosome membrane.

PMID- 4058489
TI  - Selection and properties of Leishmania tropica resistant to 10-propargyl-5,8
      dideazafolate, an inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase.
AB  - Leishmania tropica promastigotes have been selected which are highly resistant to
      the thymidylate synthetase (TS) inhibitor, 10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolate
      (CB3717). As reported for L. tropica resistant to methotrexate (MTX), an
      inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), CB3717-resistant organisms have high
      levels of the bifunctional TS-DHFR and amplified DNA sequences. TS-DHFR
      represents up to 2% of the protein in cell extracts and does not appear to have a
      structural alteration that contributes to drug resistance. The amplified unit of
      DNA has a uniform restriction-site map throughout the selection and is nearly
      identical to the 30 kb amplified unit of R-region DNA found in MTX-resistant
      cells, except for a small increase in size of the fragment that contains a
      junction believed to be the site of DNA rearrangements generated during
      amplification. CB3717-resistant cells do not possess the amplified H-region DNA
      found in MTX-resistant cells. The amplified DNA in cells resistant to low levels
      of CB3717 appears as a 30-kb extrachromosomal circle, similar to the amplified
      DNA of MTX-resistant organisms. In cells resistant to higher levels of drug, the
      amplified DNA appeared as higher molecular weight forms. When resistant cells
      were grown in the absence of drug, the amplified DNA and levels of TS-DHFR
      gradually fell to approximately 10% of the resistant levels. These findings
      support the proposal that the R-region DNA possesses the sequences that encode
      the bifunctional protein.

PMID- 4058491
TI  - The role of changing clinical practices in the rising costs of hospital care.
AB  - To assess whether changes in clinical practice have contributed to rising
      hospital costs, we studied 2011 patients who were hospitalized at the University
      of California, San Francisco, in 1972, 1977, or 1982. For most of the 10
      diagnoses studied, there was little change in total use of services by patients.
      In-hospital survival did not differ during the decade, and length of stay,
      numbers of special-care days, and use of laboratory services generally remained
      the same or declined. Only for patients with acute myocardial infarction did the
      use of imaging procedures increase substantially (e.g., cardiac catheterization
      was provided to 2 per cent of patients in 1977 and 40 per cent in 1982). Contrary
      to conventional wisdom, "little-ticket" procedures, such as laboratory tests, did
      not contribute to rising costs, and new imaging techniques were commonly
      substituted for older, more invasive procedures. The primary causes of rising
      costs were the provision of surgery to patients admitted for acute myocardial
      infarction, delivery, or respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn and the
      provision of other intensive treatments for the critically ill.

PMID- 4058490
TI  - A study of occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs and fetal loss in
      nurses.
AB  - In a case--control study, we examined the relation between fetal loss and
      occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs in nurses in 17 Finnish hospitals.
      The pregnancies studied occurred in 1973 through 1980 and were identified using
      three national sources: the Central Register of Health Care Personnel, the
      Hospital Discharge Registry, and policlinic data. Each nurse with fetal loss was
      matched with three nurses who gave birth. Data on health and exposure were
      obtained by self-administered, mailed questionnaires; a response rate of 87 per
      cent was achieved after three mailings. A statistically significant association
      was observed between fetal loss and occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs
      during the first trimester of pregnancy: odds ratio = 2.30 (95 per cent
      confidence interval, 1.20 to 4.39). Analyses suggested associations between fetal
      loss and cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine, although the independent
      effect of each individual drug could not be specifically identified, since many
      nurses reported handling more than one of these agents. The results of this
      study, combined with existing data on animals and human beings, suggest that
      caution be exercised in the handling of these valuable drugs.

PMID- 4058492
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 45-1985. A 56-year-old man with chronic liver disease and
      diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 4058493
TI  - Hazards to health workers from antineoplastic drugs.

PMID- 4058494
TI  - Trustees at the focal point.

PMID- 4058495
TI  - AIDS-related complex in a heterosexual man seven weeks after a transfusion.

PMID- 4058496
TI  - Radiographic artifact from braided hair mimicking tuberculosis.

PMID- 4058497
TI  - Clonidine in the treatment of "restless leg" syndrome.

PMID- 4058498
TI  - Runner's hemolysis and pigment gallstones.

PMID- 4058499
TI  - Prolonged IgM response within the central nervous system in lymphocytic
      meningoradiculitis (Bannwarth's syndrome)

PMID- 4058501
TI  - Still more on bird attacks.

PMID- 4058500
TI  - Nickel contamination of human serum albumin solutions.

PMID- 4058502
TI  - Treatment of tobacco dependency.

PMID- 4058503
TI  - Physicians as tattoo artists.

PMID- 4058504
TI  - Disappearance of iron-deficiency anemia in a high-risk infant population given
      supplemental iron.

PMID- 4058505
TI  - Quantitative pathologic changes in the human testis after vasectomy. A controlled
      study.
AB  - To determine whether there are any deleterious changes in the human testis after
      vasectomy, we obtained testicular biopsy specimens from 31 healthy men undergoing
      vasectomy reversal and from 21 healthy, fertile volunteers. Morphometric analyses
      of these specimens revealed a 100 per cent increase in the thickness of the
      seminiferous tubular walls (P less than 0.001), a 50 per cent increase in the
      mean cross-sectional tubular area (P less than 0.001), and a significant
      reduction in the mean number of Sertoli cells (P less than 0.01) and spermatids
      (P less than 0.01) per tubular cross section in the post-vasectomy group, as
      compared with the control group. Focal interstitial fibrosis was observed in 23
      per cent of the specimens from the post-vasectomy group and in none from the
      control group. There was a significant correlation (P less than 0.01) between
      interstitial fibrosis and infertility in patients who underwent a surgically
      successful vasectomy reversal (sperm in the ejaculate). None of the other
      measured characteristics correlated with infertility after vasectomy reversal. We
      conclude that significant morphologic changes occur in the human testis after
      vasectomy. The presence of focal interstitial fibrosis was associated with a high
      incidence of infertility in this series.

PMID- 4058506
TI  - Survival and causes of death in cirrhotic and in noncirrhotic patients with
      primary hemochromatosis.
AB  - We analyzed survival and causes of death among 163 patients with primary
      hemochromatosis diagnosed between 1959 and 1983. The mean follow-up period was
      10.5 +/- 5.6 years (+/- S.D.). Cumulative survival was 92 per cent at 5 years, 76
      per cent at 10 years, 59 per cent at 15 years, and 49 per cent at 20 years. Life
      expectancy was reduced in patients with cirrhosis of the liver as compared with
      those without cirrhosis (P less than or equal to 0.05), in patients with diabetes
      mellitus as compared with those without diabetes (P less than or equal to 0.002),
      and in patients who could not be depleted of iron during the first 18 months of
      venesection therapy as compared with those who could be depleted (P less than or
      equal to 0.001). Prognosis was not influenced by sex (P less than or equal to
      0.5). Patients without cirrhosis had a life expectancy that was not different
      from that expected in an age- and sex-matched normal population. Analysis of the
      causes of death in 53 patients, as compared with the normal population, showed
      that liver cancer was 219 times more frequent among the patients (16 patients),
      cardiomyopathy was 306 times more frequent (3 patients), liver cirrhosis was 13
      times more frequent (10 patients), and diabetes mellitus was 7 times more
      frequent (3 patients). Death rates for other causes, including extrahepatic
      carcinomas (seven patients), were not different from the rates expected. We
      conclude that patients with hemochromatosis diagnosed in the precirrhotic stage
      and treated by venesection have a normal life expectancy, whereas cirrhotic
      patients have a shortened life expectancy and a high risk of liver cancer even
      when complete iron depletion has been achieved.

PMID- 4058507
TI  - The autopsy as a measure of accuracy of the death certificate.
AB  - To determine the extent of agreement on underlying cause of death between death
      certificates and autopsy reports, we analyzed 272 randomly selected autopsy
      reports and corresponding death certificates from among all such data on
      autopsies performed in Connecticut in 1980. In 29 per cent of the deaths, a major
      disagreement on the underlying cause of death led to reclassification of the
      death in a different International Classification of Diseases major disease
      category. In an additional 26 per cent, the death certificate and autopsy report
      agreed on the major disease category but attributed the death to a different
      specific disease. Deaths due to neoplasms were most accurately diagnosed, with a
      sensitivity of 87 per cent and a positive predictive value of 85 per cent. Deaths
      resulting from diseases of the respiratory or digestive system were associated
      with the highest rates of disagreement. Diseases most commonly overdiagnosed were
      circulatory disorders, ill-defined conditions, and respiratory diseases. Diseases
      most commonly underdiagnosed as the cause of death on the death certificate were
      specific traumatic conditions and gastrointestinal disorders. The autopsy remains
      an important method for ensuring the quality of mortality statistics.

PMID- 4058508
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 46-1985. A 32-year-old woman with a cystic hepatic mass.

PMID- 4058509
TI  - The effects of vasectomy on the testis.

PMID- 4058510
TI  - The problematic death certificate.

PMID- 4058511
TI  - Rational remuneration.
AB  - Physicians face the end of a phase of unrealistic and unprecedented prosperity
      fostered by unrestrained third-party remuneration policies. The cost of that
      phase, along with inflation and the use of expensive technology, has created an
      economic crisis. I urge my colleagues to take the initiative to address this
      crisis with other affected groups in the private sector by working to develop
      guidelines to restrain abuses, promote cost effectiveness, simplify
      administration, and increase fairness in the remuneration system. Remuneration
      scales should reflect variations among specialties in terms of skill, stress, and
      time involved, but should avoid unmeasurable and unverifiable differences within
      each category of service. Slowness and ineptitude should no longer be rewarded
      under the guise of "complexity." In the long run, standardized fees will be fair
      and will simplify the payment process greatly. Reasonable remuneration for agency
      subsidized services can be derived in several ways, and once the median
      remuneration for various services has been established in each specialty,
      existing relative-value scales can be applied for other cases in that specialty.
      These measures would effect substantial savings in health care costs without
      incurring bureaucratic interference or impairing the quality of service.
      Moreover, they would allow distribution deficiencies to be remedied by permitting
      a response to market forces--i.e., higher payments would be made in underserved
      areas.

PMID- 4058512
TI  - Suicide attempts in adolescence: prevalence and implications.

PMID- 4058513
TI  - The Will Rogers phenomenon--additional evidence.

PMID- 4058514
TI  - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

PMID- 4058515
TI  - Bioavailability of oral physostigmine.

PMID- 4058516
TI  - Case 26-1985: Wegener's granulomatosis.

PMID- 4058517
TI  - "Escape sinus tachycardia".

PMID- 4058518
TI  - More on investor-owned hospitals.

PMID- 4058519
TI  - Investor-owned Catholic teaching hospitals.

PMID- 4058520
TI  - The hyperlipidemia of the nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 4058521
TI  - Osler's maneuver and pseudohypertension.

PMID- 4058522
TI  - Echocardiographically documented mitral-valve prolapse. Long-term follow-up of
      237 patients.
AB  - We determined the long-term prognosis for patients with mitral-valve prolapse
      documented by echocardiography by following 237 minimally symptomatic or
      asymptomatic patients for a mean of 6.2 years (range, 1 to 10.4). The actuarial
      eight-year probability of survival was 88 per cent, which is not significantly
      different from that for a matched control population. An initial left ventricular
      diastolic dimension exceeding 60 mm was the best echocardiographic predictor of
      the subsequent need for mitral-valve replacement (17 patients). Of the 97
      patients with redundant mitral-valve leaflets identified echocardiographically,
      10 (10.3 per cent) had sudden death, infective endocarditis, or a cerebral
      embolic event; in contrast, of the 140 patients with nonredundant valves, only 1
      (0.7 per cent) had such complications (P less than 0.001). Most patients with
      echocardiographic evidence of mitral-valve prolapse have a benign course, but
      subsets at high risk for the development of progressive mitral regurgitation,
      sudden death, cerebral embolic events, or infective endocarditis can be
      identified by echocardiography.

PMID- 4058523
TI  - Halothane hepatitis. Detection of a constitutional susceptibility factor.
AB  - We studied susceptibility to halothane hepatitis with an in vitro test that
      detects cell damage from electrophilic drug intermediates. Metabolites of
      phenytoin were generated by incubation of phenytoin with rat hepatic microsomes
      in the presence of the epoxide hydrolase inhibitor 1,1,1-trichloropropene oxide
      (TCPO), which prevents the further metabolism of phenytoin to an inert
      metabolite. In lymphocytes exposed to this system, cytotoxicity was measured by
      trypan blue dye exclusion and was expressed as the percentage increase in trypan
      blue-positive cells after the addition of TCPO. In the presence of TCPO,
      lymphocytes from 11 patients with halothane hepatitis exhibited an increase in
      cytotoxicity at 0.06 mM phenytoin that was eight times greater than the increase
      in healthy controls (54 +/- 10 per cent [mean +/- S.E.M.] vs. 7.1 +/- 2.2 per
      cent, P less than 0.0001). Patients with other liver diseases and persons
      recently exposed to halothane without adverse effects did not differ from healthy
      controls. In three patients with halothane hepatitis who were studied serially,
      the lymphocyte abnormality was still present after 13 months. Family studies
      revealed abnormal results on 10 cytotoxicity tests among 19 members of four
      families. We propose that there is a familial, constitutional susceptibility
      factor that predisposes persons to halothane hepatitis.

PMID- 4058524
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 47-1985. A 60-year-old woman with chronic diarrhea and weight
      loss.

PMID- 4058525
TI  - Halothane hepatitis revisited.

PMID- 4058526
TI  - Effect of "Coke" on sperm motility.

PMID- 4058527
TI  - Successful pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer from an
      infertile woman to a surrogate.

PMID- 4058528
TI  - How common is HTLV-III infection in the United States?

PMID- 4058530
TI  - Disease as a reflection of the psyche.

PMID- 4058529
TI  - Psychosocial variables and the course of cancer.

PMID- 4058531
TI  - Limited surgery and radiotherapy for early breast cancer.

PMID- 4058532
TI  - Effect of added dietary calcium on colonic epithelial-cell proliferation in
      subjects at high risk for familial colonic cancer.
AB  - We studied the frequency and distribution of proliferating epithelial cells
      lining colonic crypts in 10 subjects at high risk for familial colonic cancer,
      before and after oral supplementation of their conventional diets with 1.25 g of
      calcium as calcium carbonate. Patterns of cell proliferation were defined by
      dividing the colonic crypt into longitudinal compartments and comparing the
      numbers and fractions of tritiated thymidine--labeled epithelial cells in the
      various compartments. Before dietary supplementation with calcium, the profile of
      proliferating epithelial cells in the colonic crypts was comparable to that
      previously observed in subjects who had had familial colonic cancer. Two to three
      months after supplementation had been started, proliferation was significantly
      reduced and the profile of the colonic crypts approached that previously observed
      in subjects at low risk for colonic cancer. Our findings indicate that oral
      calcium supplementation induces a more quiescent equilibrium in epithelial-cell
      proliferation in the colonic mucosa of subjects at high risk of colon cancer,
      similar to that observed in subjects at low risk.

PMID- 4058533
TI  - Prevention of myocardial damage in acute myocardial ischemia by early treatment
      with intravenous streptokinase.
AB  - We evaluated the effectiveness of early intravenous administration of 750,000
      units of streptokinase in 53 patients with acute myocardial ischemia treated by a
      mobile-care unit at home (9 patients) or in the hospital (44 patients). Treatment
      was begun an average (+/- S.D.) of 1.7 +/- 0.8 hours from the onset of pain. Non
      Q-wave infarctions developed subsequently in eight patients, whereas all the
      others had typical Q-wave infarct patterns. In 81 per cent of the patients the
      infarct-related artery was patent at angiography performed four to nine days
      after admission. Vessel patency was independent of the time of treatment, but
      residual left ventricular function was time dependent. Patients treated less than
      1.5 hours after the onset of pain had a significantly higher ejection fraction
      (56 +/- 15 vs. 47 +/- 14 per cent; P less than 0.05) and infarct-related regional
      ejection fraction (51 +/- 19 vs. 34 +/- 20 per cent; P less than 0.01) and a
      lower QRS score (5.6 +/- 4.9 vs. 8.6 +/- 5.5; P less than 0.01) than patients
      receiving treatment between 1.5 and 4 hours after the onset of pain. Patients
      treated earlier by the mobile-care unit also had better-preserved left
      ventricular function than patients treated in the hospital. We conclude that
      thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase is most effective if given within the
      first 1.5 hours after the onset of symptoms of acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4058534
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 48-1985. A 69-year-old man with peripheral vascular disease and
      hypersplenism.

PMID- 4058535
TI  - AIDS exacerbates psoriasis.

PMID- 4058536
TI  - Toxicity of cyclosporine during treatment with androgens.

PMID- 4058537
TI  - Effect of erythromycin on cyclosporine levels.

PMID- 4058538
TI  - Transdermal clonidine in a patient with resistant hypertension and malabsorption.

PMID- 4058539
TI  - Blastocystis hominis in Kathmandu, Nepal.

PMID- 4058540
TI  - Pathological diagnosis in clinically typical Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 4058541
TI  - Skin cancer and cyclosporine therapy.

PMID- 4058542
TI  - Tuberculosis in the elderly.

PMID- 4058543
TI  - Dietary sources of caffeine.

PMID- 4058544
TI  - Smoking and drunk driving.

PMID- 4058545
TI  - A deposit on cigarette butts?

PMID- 4058546
TI  - How patients appraise physicians.

PMID- 4058547
TI  - Lens changes and survival in a population-based study.
AB  - The Framingham Heart Study was begun in 1948 to study factors associated with
      cardiovascular disease. Participants have been reexamined approximately every two
      years. From 1973 to 1975, the Framingham Eye Study examined the eyes of available
      Heart Study participants. We used information about nearly 2000 persons from
      these population-based studies to investigate the relation of lens changes to
      survival. Follow-up ranged from five to eight years; 312 persons (16 per cent)
      died. Proportional-hazards regression analyses indicated an overall association
      of lens changes and decreased survival (P = 0.01), but detailed investigation
      showed (1) no association of lens changes and decreased survival among persons
      without diabetes (P = 0.29) and (2) a significant association of lens changes and
      decreased survival among persons with diabetes (P = 0.001). Diabetic persons with
      lens changes had an estimated death rate more than twice that of diabetics
      without lens changes. The duration of diabetes and degree of retinopathy were not
      associated with survival in this group, most of whom had adult-onset diabetes of
      short duration. We conclude that lens changes are earlier predictors of death in
      diabetics than these more traditional variables.

PMID- 4058548
TI  - Statistics in practice. Comparing the means of several groups.
AB  - This article discusses statistical methods for comparing the means of several
      groups and focuses on examples from 50 Original Articles published in the Journal
      in 1978 and 1979. Although medical authors often present comparisons of the means
      of several groups, the most common method of analysis, multiple t-tests, is
      usually a poor choice. Which method of analysis is appropriate depends on what
      questions the investigators wish to ask. If the investigators want to identify
      which of the groups under study are different from the rest, they will need a
      different method from the one required if they wish simply to decide whether or
      not the groups share a common mean. More complicated questions about the group
      means call for more sophisticated techniques. Of the 50 Journal articles
      examined, 27 (54 per cent) used inappropriate statistical methods to analyze the
      differences between group means. Investigators need to become better acquainted
      with statistical techniques for making multiple comparisons between group means.

PMID- 4058549
TI  - Long-term treatment of infantile nephropathic cystinosis with cysteamine.

PMID- 4058550
TI  - Therapy of cystinosis.

PMID- 4058551
TI  - The right kind of paternalism.

PMID- 4058552
TI  - "Free" needles for intravenous drug users at risk for AIDS: current developments
      in New York City.

PMID- 4058553
TI  - Leukemia in occupational groups with presumed exposure to electrical and magnetic
      fields.

PMID- 4058554
TI  - No clinical evidence for protective effects of calcium-channel blockers against
      acute renal failure.

PMID- 4058555
TI  - An atraumatic technique for diagnostic phlebotomy.

PMID- 4058556
TI  - Amitriptyline in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

PMID- 4058557
TI  - Phenacetin and cancers of the urinary tract.

PMID- 4058558
TI  - Induction of peritoneal-fluid eosinophilia by intraperitoneal air in patients on
      continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 4058559
TI  - Calcium absorption and achlorhydria.

PMID- 4058560
TI  - Hysterectomy and sex of the gynecologist.

PMID- 4058561
TI  - External causes of death among young white Americans.

PMID- 4058562
TI  - Medical treatment in South Africa.

PMID- 4058563
TI  - Experimental subcutaneous granulomas in sheep with Dermatophilus-like
      microorganisms from porcine tonsil.
AB  - The pathogenicity of the Dermatophilus-like microorganisms from porcine tonsil
      and the light and electron microscopic findings were studied with adult ewes. The
      early lesions were abscessess and advanced ones were granulomas after the
      subcutaneous inoculation. The granulomas were composed of the central bacterial
      colonies and the layers of the neutrophils, epithelioid cells and giant cells,
      and peripheral connective tissues. Epithelioid cells and giant cells were
      identified by the large euchromatic nuclei, abundant organelles and
      interdigitation of the blunt pseudopods in the ultrastructure. The lesions were
      very similar to subcutaneous granulomas in sheep and cattle due to Dermatophilus
      congolensis (atypical dermatophilosis), actinomycosis and nocardiosis.

PMID- 4058564
TI  - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy: study of effects of econazole on
      Microsporum canis.
AB  - Microsporum canis is a frequent dermatophyte in France, and causes tinea and
      herpes circinatus in children. This work shows the superficial and
      ultrastructural alterations induced by Econazole nitrate on this fungus.

PMID- 4058565
TI  - Pathological observations in experimental candida infection of sensitized guinea
      pigs.
AB  - Guinea pigs immunized intramuscularly with heat-killed or viable Candida albicans
      were infected intracutaneously with C. albicans. Animals with negative delayed
      hypersensitivity against C. albicans antigen showed similar lesions with non
      immunized controls. Delayed hypersensitivity-positive guinea pigs, which were
      detected in the animals immunized with heat-killed C. albicans in CFA and IFA,
      demonstrated a delay of the resolution of the inflammatory tissue reaction and,
      in the animals immunized with C. albicans in CFA, developed a granuloma. These
      results suggest that both humoral and cell-mediated immunities do not play a
      significant role for protection against candidiasis and at a late stage of
      infection, cell-mediated immunity may play a secondary role of the enhancement of
      resistance to candida infection associated with granuloma formation.

PMID- 4058566
TI  - Nobel Prizes. Cell cholesterol wins the day.

PMID- 4058568
TI  - Looking for molecular switches.

PMID- 4058567
TI  - US diet. Back to the stew-pot.

PMID- 4058569
TI  - Symmetry-coded cells in the visual cortex?

PMID- 4058570
TI  - The immunology of host-tumour relationships.

PMID- 4058571
TI  - Synaptic connectivity of a local circuit neurone in lateral geniculate nucleus of
      the cat.
AB  - Although receptive fields of relay cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the
      cat nearly match those of their retinal afferents, only 10-20% of the synapses on
      these cells derive from the retina and are excitatory. Many more (30-40%) are
      inhibitory and largely control the gating of retinogeniculate transmission. These
      inhibitory synapses derive chiefly from two cell types: intrinsic local circuit
      neurones and cells in the adjacent perigeniculate nucleus. It has been difficult
      to study the functional organization of these inhibitory pathways; most efforts
      have relied on indirect approaches. Here we describe the use of direct techniques
      to study a local circuit neurone by iontophoresing horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
      into it, which completely labels the soma and processes of cells for subsequent
      light- and electron microscopic analysis. Although the response properties of the
      labelled cell are virtually indistinguishable from those of many relay cells, its
      morphology is typical of 'class 3' neurones (see Fig. 1 legend), which are widely
      believed to be interneurones (but see ref. 12). Here, we refer to the cell as a
      'local circuit neurone', which allows for the possibility of a projection axon,
      rather than as an 'interneurone', a term that commonly excludes a projection
      axon. We find that the labelled cell has a myelinated axon, but that the axon
      loses its myelin within 50 microns of the soma and has not yet been traced
      further. The dendrites of the labelled cell possess presynaptic terminals that
      act as intrinsic sources of inhibition on geniculate relay cells. We also
      characterize other morphological aspects of this inhibitory circuitry.

PMID- 4058573
TI  - Nerve growth factor is a mitogen for cultured chromaffin cells.
AB  - Nerve growth factor (NGF) is essential for the survival and differentiation of a
      number of neural crest derivatives, including sympathetic and sensory neurones.
      While early studies suggested that NGF might also have a mitogenic effect on
      these neurones, subsequent work has favoured the interpretation that NGF promotes
      cell survival or differentiation rather than proliferation. We have addressed the
      issue of a mitogenic effect of NGF using adrenal chromaffin cells, which are
      endocrine cells derived from the neural crest, and are closely related to
      sympathetic neurones. Adrenal chromaffin cells respond to NGF in vitro by
      expressing neuronal traits. We now report that NGF elicits a mitotic response in
      cultured chromaffin cells from young rats, and that this response is blocked by
      an antiserum to 2.5S NGF. The chromaffin cells that divided in response to NGF
      can subsequently become neuronal in the continued presence of NGF.

PMID- 4058572
TI  - A crucial epileptogenic site in the deep prepiriform cortex.
AB  - Antagonists of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)- or glycine-mediated
      neurotransmission, muscarinic cholinergic agonists, and excitatory amino acids
      and their analogues are all considered to be potent chemoconvulsant agents.
      However, although systemic injections of these agents have been used to create
      experimental models of generalized epilepsy, there has been no identification of
      a specific locus at which any of these drugs act to initiate generalized
      seizures. We recently located a forebrain region from which seizures can be
      elicited by the GABA antagonist bicuculline, and now report that manipulations of
      excitatory amino acid transmission and cholinergic transmission can also elicit
      seizures from this site. Bilateral clonic seizures can be elicited after
      unilateral application of picomole amounts of bicuculline, kainic acid or
      carbachol and micromole amounts of glutamate. Local application of the GABA
      agonist muscimol prevents the appearance of seizures on subsequent microinjection
      of all convulsant agents examined, whereas local application of the muscarinic
      antagonist, atropine, only prevents seizures induced by carbachol. This region is
      therefore a site of action for the epileptogenic effects of neuroactive agents
      with diverse mechanisms of action; it may also represent a site at which GABA
      agonists could function therapeutically to control epileptogenesis.

PMID- 4058574
TI  - Autoregulation of tubulin synthesis in enucleated cells.
AB  - The effects on tubulin messenger RNA levels and tubulin protein synthesis of
      treating cells with microtubule-depolymerizing drugs or directly microinjecting
      cells with tubulin have suggested that non-polymerized tubulin depresses its own
      synthesis. The precise level of this control is unclear. It has been shown that
      enucleated cells, termed cytoplasts, retain many properties of the original cell,
      including maintenance of cell shape, pinocytic activity and locomotion as well as
      biosynthetic activities such as protein synthesis and replication of cytoplasmic
      viruses. Furthermore, cytoplasts retain most of the components of the
      cytoskeleton including the centrioles. If cytoplasmic activities alone are
      responsible for regulating tubulin biosynthesis, cytoplasts should contain the
      necessary components. To distinguish between regulation which would occur in the
      nucleus, that is, alterations in mRNA synthesis or modifications of the mRNA,
      from alterations in mRNA stability and/or translatability which would take place
      in the cytoplasm, we examined the autoregulation of tubulin synthesis in
      enucleated cells. Here, we report that enucleated mouse fibroblasts retain the
      ability to turn off tubulin protein synthesis in response to microtubule
      depolymerization, the reduction in tubulin synthesis being accompanied by a
      corresponding decrease in tubulin mRNA levels. Thus, transcription, processing
      and transport of tubulin mRNA from the nucleus are not likely to be the loci of
      regulation. Instead, tubulin must reduce, either directly or indirectly, the
      translatability of its own mRNA.

PMID- 4058575
TI  - Approval for synthetic products in US, Britain.

PMID- 4058576
TI  - Soviet offer on AIDS.

PMID- 4058577
TI  - Nitrate and gastric cancer risks.

PMID- 4058578
TI  - Irreversible inhibition of Ca2+ release in saponin-treated macrophages by the
      photoaffinity derivative of inositol-1, 4, 5-trisphosphate.
AB  - D-myo-inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) is a putative intracellular second
      messenger for the mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular stores, in particular,
      the endoplasmic reticulum. Specific binding sites on the endoplasmic reticulum
      may participate in the InsP3-induced release of Ca2+ from the Ca2+ pool. To
      examine the specific binding sites on the endoplasmic reticulum, we synthesized
      an arylazide derivative of InsP3 for photoaffinity labelling; InsP3 coupled to p
      azidobenzoic acid (InsP3-pAB) using N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) was obtained
      at a 9-11% yield. Here, we report that InsP3-pAB, but not an arylazide derivative
      of inositol-1,4-bisphophate (Ins(1,4)P2), causes the irreversible inhibition of
      InsP3-induced release of Ca2+ in saponin-permeabilized photo-irradiated
      macrophages. The irreversible inhibition by InsP3-pAB after photo-irradiation was
      prevented by a 10-fold excess of unmodified InsP3.

PMID- 4058579
TI  - Role of the 3' splice site consensus sequence in mammalian pre-mRNA splicing.
AB  - Pre-mRNA splicing has been shown to occur by a two-step pathway. In the first
      stage, the pre-mRNA is cleaved at the 5' splice site, generating the first exon
      RNA species and an RNA species composed of the intron and second exon (IVS1-exon
      2 RNA species). In the second stage, cleavage at the 3' splice site and ligation
      of the exons occurs, resulting in the excision of the intact intron. The excised
      intron and IVS1-exon 2 RNA species are in the form of a lariat in which the 5'
      end of the intron is joined to an adenosine residue near the 3' end of the intron
      by a 2'-5' phosphodiester bond. Here we show that although cleavage at the 3'
      splice site does not occur until the second stage of the splicing reaction, at
      least a portion of the 3' splice site consensus sequence is necessary for 5'
      splice site cleavage and lariat formation. Thus, in higher eukaryotes at least
      three sequence elements participate in the initiation of the splicing reaction:
      the 5' splice site, 3' splice site consensus sequence and the RNA branchpoint.

PMID- 4058580
TI  - Homologous expressed genes in the human sex chromosome pairing region.
AB  - The human sex chromosomes share a pair of homologous genes which independently
      encode a cell-surface antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody 12E7 (refs 1, 2;
      see refs 3, 4 for review). The X-located homologue, MIC2X, escapes X-inactivation
      and the equivalent Y-located locus, MIC2Y, was one of the first genes shown to
      reside on a mammalian Y chromosome. By using a bacterial expression system we
      have previously cloned a complementary DNA sequence corresponding to a MIC2 gene
      and have used this probe to show that the MIC2X and MIC2Y loci are closely
      related, if not identical. Here we report the use of the cloned probe to confirm
      the localization of the MIC2X locus to the region Xpter-Xp22.32 (ref. 7) and
      demonstrate, for the first time, that the MIC2Y locus is located on the short arm
      of the Y chromosome in the distal region Ypter-Yp11.2. The MIC2 sequences and the
      sequences described in the accompanying papers by Cooke et al. and Simmler et al.
      are the first which have been shown to be shared by the sex chromosomes in the
      pairing region.

PMID- 4058581
TI  - A mouse homoeo box gene is expressed during embryogenesis and in adult kidney.
AB  - The homoeo box sequence of Drosophila is an element located in several genes that
      regulate segmentation and segment identity; it has homologues in the genomes of
      vertebrate species and a number of homoeo box-containing recombinant DNA clones
      have been isolated from Xenopus, man and mouse. In the present study we have
      isolated from a library of murine DNA a recombinant lambda clone (H24.1) which
      contains a sequence closely homologous to the homoeo box within the Drosophila
      Antennapedia (Antp) gene. The protein sequence of the homoeo domain is identical
      to that encoded by Hu-1, one of a the pair of closely linked homoeo boxes in the
      human genome. We have used a sensitive RNase protection assay to examine
      transcription of the H24.1 gene during mouse development, and in adult tissues.
      We report that the gene is transcribed from as early as 7.5 days post coitum
      (p.c.), with maximum expression at days 11.5 and 12.5 p.c. The transcript is
      enriched in embryonic spinal cord and brain at day 12.5 p.c., and in adult
      kidney.

PMID- 4058582
TI  - Three-dimensional chromatin distribution in neuroblastoma nuclei shown by
      confocal scanning laser microscopy.
AB  - The relationship between cell shape and function has long been of interest.
      However, although the behaviour of the cytoskeleton during the cell cycle has
      been studied extensively variations in the shape and three-dimensional
      substructure of the nucleus are less well documented. The spatial distribution of
      chromatin has previously been studied by a mathematical analysis of the optical
      densities of stained nuclei, allowing an indirect derivation of the three
      dimensional distribution of chromatin. More direct information on chromatin
      organization can be obtained from electron-microscopic serial sections, although
      this is very laborious. Using an iterative deconvolution algorithm, Agard and
      Sedat achieved a degree of optical sectioning in conventional fluorescence
      microscopy and reconstructed the three-dimensional arrangement of polytene
      chromosomes. We report here on the three-dimensional structure of cultured
      mammalian cells as visualized by confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). The
      exceptionally short depth of field of this imaging technique provides direct
      optical sectioning which, together with its higher resolution, makes CSLM
      extremely useful for studying the three-dimensional morphology of biological
      structures.

PMID- 4058583
TI  - Contraceptive pill. Japan heads for legalization.

PMID- 4058584
TI  - Origins of repeated DNA.

PMID- 4058585
TI  - Decreased virulence of recombinant vaccinia virus expression vectors is
      associated with a thymidine kinase-negative phenotype.
AB  - Recent advances in molecular genetics have led to the possibility of using large
      DNA viruses, such as vaccinia virus, as a biological delivery system for
      immunizing man against unrelated disease-causing agents. When live vaccinia virus
      recombinants expressing the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), the
      influenza A virus haemagglutinin, the herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 D
      glycoprotein, the rabies virus G glycoprotein and the vesicular stomatitis virus
      G glycoprotein were used for immunization, animals were protected upon challenge
      with the appropriate pathogenic agent. A major concern with using such vaccines,
      however, stems from the previously documented vaccinia virus-associated post
      immunizing complications. We present here experimental evidence that thymidine
      kinase-negative (TK-) vaccinia virus recombinants, constructed by inserting a
      variety of DNA coding sequences into the vaccinia virus tk gene, are less
      pathogenic for mice than wild-type virus.

PMID- 4058586
TI  - Positive identification of an immigration test-case using human DNA fingerprints.
AB  - The human genome contains a set of minisatellites, each of which consists of
      tandem repeats of a DNA segment containing the 'core' sequence, a putative
      recombination signal in human DNA. Multiallelic variation in the number of tandem
      repeats occurs at many of these minisatellite loci. Hybridization probes
      consisting of tandem repeats of the core sequence detect many hypervariable
      minisatellites simultaneously in human DNA, to produce a DNA fingerprint that is
      completely individual-specific and shows somatic and germline stability. These
      DNA fingerprints are derived from a large number of highly informative dispersed
      autosomal loci and are suitable for linkage analysis in man, and for individual
      identification in, for example, forensic science and paternity testing. They can
      also be used to resolve immigration disputes arising from lack of proof of family
      relationships. To illustrate the potential for positive or inclusive
      identification, we now describe the DNA fingerprint analysis of an immigration
      case, the resolution of which would have been very difficult and laborious using
      currently available single-locus genetic markers.

PMID- 4058588
TI  - Mice, mating types and molecular mechanisms of morphogenesis.

PMID- 4058587
TI  - Identification of multiple metal regulatory elements in mouse metallothionein-I
      promoter by assaying synthetic sequences.
AB  - Metallothionein genes are transcriptionally regulated by a number of inducers
      including heavy metals. Previous mutational analyses of the mouse metallothionein
      I gene (mMTI) promoter have delineated a heavy-metal regulatory region between 
      60 and -42 relative to the transcription start site. A synthetic copy of a 12
      base-pair (bp) conserved sequence located within this region was subsequently
      shown to confer heavy-metal regulation on a heterologous gene. However, specific
      disruption of this metal regulatory element (MRE) within a wild-type mMTI
      promoter reduced but did not eliminate the heavy-metal response. The additional
      metal regulatory activity was localized to an upstream region containing four
      sequences homologous to the identified MRE. Similar sequences were also found in
      multiple copies in metallothionein genes from other species. Here we test
      synthetic copies of all five mMTI MRE homologues for metal regulatory activity.
      At least four of these sequences are able to confer heavy-metal regulation on a
      heterologous promoter.

PMID- 4058589
TI  - A new protein sequence data bank.

PMID- 4058590
TI  - The length of myosin subfragment-one.

PMID- 4058591
TI  - AIDS. Politics of premature French claim of cure.

PMID- 4058592
TI  - Sarcoma viruses carrying ras oncogenes induce differentiation-associated
      properties in a neuronal cell line.
AB  - The growth-promoting and/or differentiation-blocking activities of Kirsten (Ki
      MSV) or Harvey murine sarcoma virus (Ha-MSV) on various types of cells in vitro
      are well documented. Here we report an unexpected effect of these viruses on a
      rat phaeochromocytoma cell line, PC12. PC12 cells, which multiply indefinitely in
      growth medium, are known to respond to nerve growth factor (NGF) by cessation of
      cell division and expression of several properties resembling those of
      differentiated sympathetic neurones. We have found that Ki- and Ha-MSV mimic
      some, if not all, of the activities of NGF in PC12 cells, and there is evidence
      that the viral oncogenes, v-Ki-ras and v-Ha-ras, are responsible for this
      phenomenon. This system may be of value for studying the mechanism of action of
      the v-ras genes as well as the regulatory mechanism of growth and differentiation
      in neuronal cells.

PMID- 4058593
TI  - Japanese psychiatry. Hospital reforms under way.

PMID- 4058594
TI  - Temporal hyperacuity in the electric sense of fish.
AB  - It has recently become evident that sensory thresholds for certain tasks are
      lower than those expected from the properties of individual receptors. This
      perceptual capacity, termed hyperacuity, reveals the impressive information
      processing abilities of the central nervous system. Although much is known about
      spatial hyperacuity, temporal hyperacuity has received little attention. Here we
      demonstrate that an electric fish, Eigenmannia, can detect modulations in the
      timing (phase) of an electrical signal at least as small as 400 ns. Such
      sensitivity exceeds the temporal resolution of individual phase-coding afferents.
      This hyperacuity results from a nonlinear convergence of parallel afferent inputs
      to the central nervous system; subthreshold inputs from particular areas of the
      body surface accumulate to permit the detection of these extremely small temporal
      modulations.

PMID- 4058595
TI  - Mammalian neural crest cells participate in normal embryonic development on
      microinjection into post-implantation mouse embryos.
AB  - The production of chimaeric mice by aggregating pre-implantation mouse embryos or
      by injection of cells into the blastocyst has been of great value in analysing
      the regulation of early mammalian development and in dissecting the relationships
      of early cell lineages. While the totipotent cells of the pre-implantation embryo
      can be grown in vitro and thus are readily accessible to experimental
      manipulation, this is not possible after the embryo has implanted into the
      uterus. This problem has severely hampered the analysis of cell migration and of
      cell lineage relationships in later stages of mammalian development. In contrast,
      the chicken embryo can be manipulated experimentally throughout embryo-genesis
      and this has made the bird a favourable system for studying patterns of cell
      migration in the development of higher vertebrates. In mammals, the introduction
      of retroviruses and haematopoietic cells has provided two means of probing post
      implantation development by direct intervention. I report here that cultured
      neural crest cells, when microinjected into 9-day-old mouse embryos, can migrate
      over considerable distances and participate in normal development, and the
      resulting chimaeric animals show pigmentation derived from the donor cells in
      hair and iris. The introduction of cells into post-implantation embryos may
      provide the means of studying patterns of cell migration in mammalian development
      at a level of sophistication which so far has been restricted to the chicken
      system.

PMID- 4058596
TI  - Medicine confronts Jewish law.

PMID- 4058597
TI  - Opiate-induced inhibition of the visceral distension reflex by peripheral and
      central mechanisms.
AB  - Distension of the proximal ileum by elevation of the intraluminal pressure,
      caused a transient, reflex fall in blood pressure of urethane-anaesthetised rats.
      The threshold intraluminal pressure required to evoke a reflex response was
      increased by codeine, but not by the quaternary opiate agonist N-methylmorphine.
      The magnitude of the reflex hypotension was decreased by codeine, morphine and N
      methylmorphine. The quaternary opiate antagonist N-methylnalorphine reduced the
      effects of N-methylmorphine, but not those of codeine or morphine. Codeine
      induced inhibition of reflex depressor responses was reduced by pretreatment with
      naloxone. Bilateral vagotomy caused a significant decrease in effects of codeine
      on the threshold, but not the magnitude, of reflex depressor responses.
      Furthermore N-methylnalorphine antagonised both codeine- and morphine-induced
      inhibition of depressor responses following transsection of the vagus nerves.
      Effects of opiates on the threshold for the reflex appear to be centrally
      mediated and to require an intact vagal innervation. The magnitude of depressor
      responses is largely independent of vagal innervation and may be influenced by
      opiates acting via peripheral mechanisms.

PMID- 4058598
TI  - Opioid dependence prevents the action of pertussis toxin in the guinea-pig
      myenteric plexus.
AB  - The longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparation of the guinea-pig ileum has
      been employed for the study of the effect of pertussis toxin (IAP) on opioid
      dependence. Guinea-pigs were treated with IAP (120 micrograms/kg, i.p.) either
      prior to chronic administration of an opioid or after opioid dependence had been
      established. The isolated preparations were tested in vitro for dependence; that
      is, the naloxone-precipitated withdrawal contracture. Naloxone almost failed to
      evoke a sign of dependence in preparations treated with IAP prior to chronic
      exposure to an opioid. In contrast, IAP failed to affect the withdrawal
      contracture when applied to an animal after dependence has been established. It
      is concluded that the Ni-unit, the substrate for IAP, plays a critical function
      in the development of dependence. The continuous activation of the opioid
      receptor associated with the development of dependence may induce changes in Ni
      which in turn prevent the interaction of IAP with its substrate.

PMID- 4058599
TI  - The outward transport of catecholamines mediated by uptake2 of the rat heart.
AB  - The efflux of 3H-catecholamines from the extra-neuronal tissue of the rat heart
      was analysed (after inhibition of vesicular and neuronal uptake, monoamine
      oxidase and catechol-O-methyl transferase). In most experiments, hearts were
      first loaded with a tracer concentration of a 3H-catecholamine and then washed
      out. For all four catecholamines [3H-(+/-)-isoprenaline, 3H-(+/-)-adrenaline, 3H
      (-)-noradrenaline, and 3H-dopamine] the loading period resulted in virtually the
      same distribution pattern: most of the radioactivity distributed into
      "compartment III". However, the rate constants for efflux from compartment III
      increased in the order 3H-(-)-noradrenaline less than 3H-dopamine less than 3H
      (+/-)isoprenaline = 3H-(+/-)-adrenaline. O-methyl-isoprenaline (OMI, a potent
      inhibitor of uptake2) caused a concentration-dependent and partial inhibition of
      the efflux of all 3H-catecholamines; its IC50 (half-maximal inhibition of OMI
      sensitive efflux) was very close to that for half-maximal inhibition of inward
      transport by uptake2. It is concluded that there is not only (OMI-resistant)
      diffusional efflux of 3H-catecholamines, but also (OMI-sensitive) outward
      transport of 3H-catecholamines. The contribution by each of these processes to
      total efflux differed considerably from one 3H-catecholamine to the next. U-0521
      (the COMT inhibitor used in this study) inhibited the OMI-sensitive efflux of 3H
      noradrenaline with an IC50 of about 100 mumol/l. However, no inhibitory effect
      was found for 10 mumol/l U-0521. During the wash-out period (see above) various
      unlabelled substrates of uptake2 were added to the perfusion fluid at a
      concentration equalling 2 X Km.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4058600
TI  - [Penicillin allergy].

PMID- 4058601
TI  - [Quality control of medical devices; a recommendation by the Public Health
      Council].

PMID- 4058602
TI  - [The role of acrylic cement in the loosening of total hip prosthesis].

PMID- 4058603
TI  - [Lithium prophylaxis, o.k., but for how long?].

PMID- 4058604
TI  - [Double tumors in patients with a squamous cell carcinoma of the mucous membrane
      in the head and neck region].

PMID- 4058605
TI  - [A patient with severe theophylline poisoning].

PMID- 4058606
TI  - [Typhoid outbreak following a holiday meal].

PMID- 4058607
TI  - [Recognize your classics; primary hypothyroidism].

PMID- 4058608
TI  - [Muscle and joint pain, not a diagnosis but a symptom].

PMID- 4058609
TI  - [Comments on Recommendation Legal Regulation Experiments with drugs].

PMID- 4058610
TI  - [Decreased mortality in ischemic heart diseases in the Netherlands: fewer
      patients or more physicians?].

PMID- 4058611
TI  - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Africa].

PMID- 4058612
TI  - [Atherosclerotic heart diseases in the hospital and in the cause-of-death
      statistics].

PMID- 4058613
TI  - [Low-cystine diet as first step in patients with cystinuria].

PMID- 4058614
TI  - [Legal problems of brain death].
AB  - It is necessary to adhere to a uniform time of death. To determine this, the
      normatively relevant concept of death and the criteria for establishing death in
      terms of medical proof must be distinguished. The notion of death, which must be
      determined as a matter of first priority, is not something which is medically
      predetermined but is a normative convention. According to the legal view
      prevailling today, this does not depend on complete cessation of biological
      activities, or on the cessation of heart and breathing activity, but solely on
      brain death, i.e. (to quote from pertinent commentary of the scientific advisory
      board of the Federal Chamber of Physicians), on the "complete and irreversible
      collapse of the overall function of the brain with a circulatory function which
      can still be maintained in the rest of the body." Brain death is characterized by
      the irreversible loss of cerebral and brainstem function. Death of the patient is
      the extreme boundary of therapeutic activity which the physician may not
      transgress. Irreversible and total loss of function of the brain thus justifies
      the doctor in discontinuing his measures and indeed compels him to do so. The
      physician should preserve life and help the dying patient, but should not prolong
      death. Even before the extreme limit of brain death, intensive therapy may no
      longer be indicated, so that the physician is not obliged to make further efforts
      to prolong life.

PMID- 4058615
TI  - [Metastases to the nervous system].
AB  - Over a period of 13 years, 353 cases of metastases in the brain, spinal canal or
      peripheral nerves were treated in 14,350 inpatients. In 79.6% of the cases, the
      metastases were localized intracranially, in 14.7% spinally, in 2.6% peripherally
      and in 3.1% in several of these sites. Solitary tumors predominated (65.7%). Of
      420 intracranial metastases, 336 were located supratentorially (80%) with a
      slight preponderance on the left side (54.5%), 15% cerebellar, and 5% in the
      brainstem. Of the spinal metastases, 80% were located in the thoracic spinal
      cord. Almost 60% of the cases also displayed metastases outside the nervous
      system, mainly in the skeletal system and the lungs. The most frequent primary
      tumor was bronchial carcinoma (26,6%) followed by breast cancer (19.5%) and
      unknown primary tumor (17.6%), which was also not found on autopsy in 0.8%. Rare
      primary tumors were parotid and pancreatic carcinomas, testicular and bladder
      tumors. There are correlations between the primary tumor and the location of the
      metastases in the nervous system in general and in the brain in particular. The
      latency between diagnosis of the primary tumor and that of the metastasis was 1-3
      years. In one out of three cases, the metastasis in the nervous system was the
      first sign of the tumor condition. In six cases, the metastasis was removed
      before the primary tumor and two possible kinds of primary tumors were found in
      seven cases. Compared to intracranial hypertension focal deficit manifestations
      including focal convulsions occurred twice as frequently in cerebral metastases.
      Spinal metastases led to CSF blockade in 20%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4058616
TI  - [Creatine kinase BB activity in the serum of patients with cerebrovascular
      diseases].
AB  - There are conflicting reports of an increase in the activity of creatine kinase
      BB isoenzyme (CK-BB) in the serum of patients with cerebrovascular disease. The
      serum CK-BB activity of 33 patients with ischemic brain infarction, subarachnoid
      hemorrhage or intracerebral hemorrhage was measured with a bioluminescence method
      (CK-B Kit, LKB-Wallac) in combination with immunoprecipitation. The results were
      compared with lesions determined by computed tomography. In the control group (N
      = 19) there was a mean activity of 0.35 +/- 0.26 U/l (means +/- SE). In patients
      with small lesions (N = 11) the activity was 0.41 +/- 0.21 U/l, which was not
      significantly elevated when compared to the control group (Mann/Whitney U test).
      Therefore, patients with more extensive lesions (N = 12) and the group with
      severe lesions (N = 10) showed a significant elevation, with a mean activity of
      0.61 +/- 0.34 U/l and 1.12 +/- 0.52 U/l, respectively. The group with severe
      lesions had a maximum activity on the first day after the initial symptoms.

PMID- 4058617
TI  - [Acute cerebellar encephalitis in adulthood].
AB  - Two cases of rare adult cerebellar encephalitis are reported presenting the
      distinguishing features of acute onset of cerebellar ataxia, distinct ocular
      oscillations (opsoclonus, ocular flutter, macro square wave jerks) and
      generalized myoclonic jerks. The EOG-analysis of the cerebellar oculomotor
      disorder is emphasized. The course is usually benign ("benign encephalitis")
      differing from the childhood form only in age of onset. Fatal courses are rare
      and the histopathologic findings in one case suggest mild encephalitis with
      diffuse perivascular lesions accentuated in the cerebellum, thus not allowing
      clear clinicotopodiagnostic correlations.

PMID- 4058618
TI  - [Lesion of the intercostobrachial nerve].
AB  - After surgery in the area of the armpit, and particularly after axillary
      lymphonodectomy during mastectomy, severe pain and paraesthesia can occur in the
      region of the medial and posterior side of the proximal upper arm. It is shown by
      means of four case reports that this discomfort can be caused by a lesion in the
      intercostobrachial nerve. The differential diagnosis must consider injury to the
      brachial plexus or a local metastasis.

PMID- 4058619
TI  - Is there a role for polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention of renal
      disease and renal failure?

PMID- 4058620
TI  - Why the kidney?
AB  - Severe erythrocytosis is associated with increased whole blood viscosity and
      impaired blood flow. Since a reduced blood flow will cause tissue hypoxia and
      since tissue hypoxia is associated with increased synthesis of erythropoietin,
      erythrocytosis per se should cause an increase in the rate of red cell
      production. This, however, does not occur and severe erythrocytosis in patients
      with polycythemia vera does not lead to increased synthesis of erythropoietin. We
      propose here that the reason for this discrepancy is that decreased blood flow to
      the kidneys, the site of erythropoietin synthesis, does not cause renal tissue
      hypoxia. The oxygen tension in the kidneys is to a great extent determined by the
      consumption of oxygen used for sodium reabsorption and since sodium reabsorption
      is roughly proportional to glomerular filtration, a decreased flow of blood
      should be matched by a decreased oxygen consumption leaving the tissue tension of
      oxygen unchanged. Consequently, the location of an oxygen sensor in the kidneys
      controlling erythropoietin production appears to be most fortuitous since it
      prevents the development of a vicious circle, with erythrocytosis causing more
      erythrocytosis.

PMID- 4058621
TI  - Selenium and haemodialysis: serum selenium levels in healthy persons, non-cancer
      and cancer patients with chronic renal failure.
AB  - In 40 healthy persons, 11 nondialyzed uremic patients and 27 dialyzed uremic
      patients, of whom 4 also had cancer, the selenium concentration in serum was
      determined. The mean serum selenium concentration in healthy persons was 13.6 +/-
      0.8 micrograms/dl, in nondialyzed patients 11.9 +/- 1.9 micrograms/dl and in
      dialyzed uremic patients 11.3 +/- 1.0 micrograms/dl. There was a significant
      statistical difference between healthy persons and uremic patients (p less than
      0.001), but not between dialyzed and nondialyzed uremic patients. The subgroup of
      cancer patients on hemodialysis also had low serum selenium concentrations. The
      possible role of low selenium levels as one of the factors responsible for the
      increased incidence of malignancy in patients with chronic renal failure is
      supported by several facts such as: low serum selenium levels detected in
      patients with malignant diseases; the higher cancer incidence in inhabitants of
      low-selenium areas, and the known ability of selenium to inhibit many types of
      experimental carcinogenesis.

PMID- 4058622
TI  - Roentgenographic manifestations of maxillomandibular renal osteodystrophy.
AB  - We examined 30 male chronic hemodialysis patients and 18 male controls without
      known bone or renal disease to determine the utility of maxillomandibular, non
      dominant hand, shoulder and pelvis films in the evaluation of renal
      osteodystrophy. We used panoramic periapical radiographs to examine the maxilla
      and mandible and sensitive rapid processing films for the hand, shoulder and
      pelvis. Films were evaluated by experienced personnel without knowledge of the
      patients. There were significant differences between patients and controls in
      creatinine, urea nitrogen, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and
      phosphorus. Twenty-three patients had abnormal hand radiographs and 22 patients
      had abnormal jaw radiographs (p less than 0.05 vs. controls). Four patients had
      changes in the hands, but not in the jaw; 4 had opposite findings. Changes in the
      jaw tended to be more severe than in the hands in those with involvement of both.
      We concluded that dental and hand radiography are good screening techniques for
      evaluating bone disease. They may be useful in evaluating treatment for renal
      osteodystrophy.

PMID- 4058623
TI  - Carnitine kinetics during dialysis. Evidence of unilateral transport from tissues
      to plasma.
AB  - Plasma total and free carnitine concentrations were measured in 14 patients
      during a 4-hour hemodialysis session at 40-min intervals. Although postdialysis
      carnitine levels were lower than predialysis levels, they did not drop
      progressively and rebound occurred early or late. While no relationship was seen
      between pre- and postdialysis carnitine values, an inverse correlation was found
      when the predialysis value was compared with an end-dialysis to predialysis
      ratio. Our data are not consistent with a first-order elimination kinetics of the
      molecule and suggest that during dialysis carnitine may be actively released from
      tissue stores to plasma pool. The finding of an inverse correlation between the
      fractional change (post-pre ratio) of plasma carnitine and its predialysis level
      suggests that plasma carnitine supply from cells is more active when plasma
      carnitine levels are lower.

PMID- 4058624
TI  - Hyperoxalemia in renal failure and the role of hemoperfusion and hemodialysis in
      primary oxalosis.
AB  - Measurement of oxalate levels in 14 patients with chronic renal failure, treated
      by maintenance hemodialysis, revealed elevated plasma oxalate concentrations in
      all patients 1,075.7 +/- (SEM) 253 micrograms/dl. In 7 of these subjects the
      oxalate concentration was more than three times higher than the upper limit of
      normal. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation (r = 0.75) between serum
      creatinine and plasma oxalate concentration was found. A combination of
      hemodialysis and hemoperfusion procedure was carried out in a dialysis patient
      with primary oxalosis as a cause of renal failure. The average oxalate clearance
      of the hemodialyzer during seven hemodialysis/hemoperfusion procedures was 91
      ml/min and that of the charcoal detoxifier was 24 ml/min. The amount of oxalate
      removed during 4 1/2 h of the hemodialysis/hemoperfusion procedure was 429 mg.
      This amount was calculated to be produced in about 87 h, with an oxalate
      generation rate of 4.9 mg/h.

PMID- 4058625
TI  - Clinical significance of IgM mesangial deposits in the nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - We have studied 32 patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome aged from 3 to 59
      years. The clinical course of 20 patients with IgM mesangial deposits was
      compared with that of 12 patients without glomerular immune deposits. The
      presence of IgM deposits seems to be unrelated to any particular clinical onset,
      histological pattern on light microscopy, therapy response, or clinical course in
      our relatively short follow-up. The conclusion from this study is that IgM
      mesangial deposition is not a marker for response to therapy in patients with
      idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 4058627
TI  - Impaired potassium and magnesium homeostasis in acute tubulo-interstitial
      nephritis.
AB  - Although acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis is increasingly recognized as a
      cause of acute renal failure, little is known about renal tubular function in
      this disease. We report on two patients with acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis
      who demonstrated abnormalities in proximal and distal tubular function. The first
      patient developed hyperkalemia presumably from a potassium secretory defect in
      the distal nephron. The second patient developed an incomplete Fanconi's syndrome
      with glycosuria and aminoaciduria and two heretofore unreported complications of
      acute interstitial nephritis: hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia secondary to urinary
      losses of these cations. Careful monitoring of renal tubular function is
      indicated in patients with acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis.

PMID- 4058626
TI  - Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in IgA/IgG cryoglobulinemia.
AB  - Mixed IgA/IgG cryoglobulins were found in the serum of a 48-year-old man
      suffering from rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) with crescent
      formation. The type-II cryoglobulins were composed of monoclonal IgA1-kappa and
      polyclonal IgG, with the IgA possessing antibody activity against the IgG. The
      RPGN was of the immune complex type with granular deposits of IgA, IgG, and C3 on
      immunofluorescence microscopy and preponderant subendothelial deposits on
      electron microscopy. Occluding protein thrombi could be demonstrated in several
      glomerular capillary loops. Removal of the cryoglobulins from the patient's serum
      by plasmapheresis and immunosuppression was paralleled by a remarkable
      improvement in renal function with fall of serum creatinine values from 13.6
      mg/dl (1,202.2 mumol/l) to 2.8 mg/dl (247.5 mumol/l), a resolution of the
      glomerular lesions, and clinical improvement as well. Our observations suggest
      that the crescentic glomerulonephritis may be due to an immune complex-like
      deposition of the cryoproteins. We conclude that crescentic glomerulonephritis in
      IgA/IgG cryoglobulinemia has to be considered as an autoimmune form of RPGN.

PMID- 4058628
TI  - Vancomycin and tobramycin in the treatment of CAPD peritonitis.
AB  - Seventy-five episodes of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)
      peritonitis were studied during a 1 year period at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital,
      Birmingham. When two simple culture methods were used in parallel, the causative
      organisms were identified in 97% of cases. Nearly two thirds of episodes of
      peritonitis were caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (C-NS), many of which
      were multiply antibiotic-resistant. On the basis of detailed antibiotic
      sensitivities, intraperitoneal vancomycin and tobramycin were chosen for the
      initial treatment of CAPD peritonitis. With this regime, a cure was achieved in
      32 of 38 episodes, compared with 15 of 27 episodes when cefuroxime was used. All
      but 1 of 24 episodes caused by C-NS were cured by vancomycin.

PMID- 4058629
TI  - Serum antioxidant activity in uremic patients.
AB  - Serum antioxidant activity (AOA) was examined in 35 healthy subjects and 111
      patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), consisting of 13 patients in the
      predialysis stage, 11 requiring the start of regular dialysis therapy (RDT) and
      87 undergoing RDT. Serum AOA was determined by assaying serum activity to inhibit
      malondialdehyde (MDA) generation. AOA levels were significantly lower in CRF
      patients, and the lowest levels were noticed in patients with uremic symptoms
      requiring the start of RDT. These levels were restored to a subnormal level
      during RDT. Defective serum AOA appears to be an endogenous metabolic consequence
      in uremia. Sera with low AOA tended to show high MDA levels, indicating that
      patients with low serum AOA were susceptible to cellular injury by lipid
      peroxidation. It is proposed that defective serum AOA may contribute to a certain
      uremic toxicity through peroxidative cell damage.

PMID- 4058630
TI  - Anemia, uremia and polyamines.

PMID- 4058631
TI  - Spinal bone measurement in renal osteodystrophy.

PMID- 4058632
TI  - [Extradural origins of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery and their
      clinical significance].

PMID- 4058633
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and CSF penetration of moxalactam in antibiotic prophylaxis in
      neurosurgery.
AB  - Moxalactam, a new oxa-beta-lactam antibiotic, suggests a possible role in
      prophylaxis in neurosurgery. Therefore, CSF penetration of Moxalactam was
      determined in 12 patients with absence of clinical or laboratory evidence of
      meningitis. In the dose employed (25 mg/kg 3 times/day) CSF samples showed a
      penetration of Moxalactam through the blood-cerebrospinal barrier with
      concentrations higher than 0.1 microgram/ml which persisted for more than seven
      hours. The drug was well tolerated and adverse effects were not observed.

PMID- 4058634
TI  - Management of cavernous sinus meningiomas.
AB  - The management of intracavernous meningiomas remains controversial. The variety
      of methods of treatment reflects the difficulty of treating primary meningiomas
      of the cavernous sinus. Twelve personal cases and a review of the literature
      permit a choice between a direct surgical approach with or without radiotherapy,
      only radiation therapy or with no therapy. We think therefore that meningiomas of
      the cavernous sinus should nowadays be the subject of a surgical biopsy followed
      by radiotherapy according to their grading.

PMID- 4058635
TI  - Meningiomas of the lateral ventricle.
AB  - The authors present two cases of large meningiomas of the lateral ventricle. In
      both cases the first diagnosis of the disease was cerebral ischaemia. Tumours did
      not produce symptome of intracranial hypertension, and the most common symptoms
      of these tumours - hemianopia and papilloedema - were also not observed. Both
      tumours did not originate from the choroid plexus, probably developing from the
      tela conjunctiva of the vessels.

PMID- 4058637
TI  - Melanotic meningioma. Report of a case and review of the literature.
AB  - Melanotic tumours of the central nervous system constitute a group of expanding
      lesions whose prognosis is variable, depending upon their histopathological
      nature. The report of this case of melanotic meningioma finds its interest in the
      exceptional nature of this type of tumour and in the difficulty of ascertaining
      whether it is benign or malignant.

PMID- 4058636
TI  - Recurrent cystic meningioma.
AB  - A case of a cystic meningioma recurring in its cystic form, two years after the
      initial removal, is presented. Regarded as a true cystic meningioma, the possible
      aetiology of the cyst formation is suggested. As the cyst wall itself may give
      rise to tumour cells, it is recommended that the initial operation should be
      directed at total removal of the tumour mass and cyst wall, thus reducing the
      possibility of a tumour recurrence. A CT finding of a hypodense lesion in a
      patient, operated on previously for a cystic meningioma suggests a recurrence of
      the tumour. However, other non-neoplastic changes should be considered.

PMID- 4058638
TI  - Giant tumour of the scalp.
AB  - A successfully removed giant tumour of the scalp in a 30-year-old woman is
      reported. Although a histopathologic diagnosis could not be established, this
      tumour was probably a plexiform neurofibroma, resembling the cases described in
      the literature mainly during the 19th century.

PMID- 4058639
TI  - Workshop on neurotoxicity testing in human populations. Rougemont, North
      Carolina, October 14-16, 1983.

PMID- 4058640
TI  - Introductory remarks to workshop on neurotoxicity testing in human populations.
      October 14-16, 1983.

PMID- 4058641
TI  - Overview of NIOSH neurobehavioral testing/research.

PMID- 4058642
TI  - Epidemiologic issues in neurotoxicity research.
AB  - Epidemiologic studies of the relationship of exposure to toxic environmental
      agents and neurologic disorders are essential for understanding mechanisms of
      pathogenesis and for evaluating dose-response relationships. The stages of
      execution of an epidemiologic study include problem specification, choice of
      study type, selection of study population, selection of measures of exposure and
      effect, specification of relevant confounding factors, data collection, analysis,
      and interpretation. Although both case-control and cohort studies have been
      performed, a clear deficiency in the number and variety of case-control studies
      in this area points to a need for future collaborative research. Typical
      shortcomings of prior research include failure to adequately quantify individual
      exposure/dose levels, failure to control for relevant confounding factors, and
      failure to carefully evaluate selection bias. Test selection in epidemiologic
      studies of exposed groups should be determined by prior demonstration of a high
      correlation of "abnormal" test results to documented disease states and by
      considerations of the biological significance of specific levels of change in
      test performance between groups. Established criteria exist which should be used
      in making causal inference from results of epidemiologic studies. If properly
      designed, executed, and interpreted, epidemiologic investigations occupy a unique
      position in scientific studies designed to understand and prevent neurotoxic
      disease in human populations.

PMID- 4058643
TI  - Behavioral motor evaluation for neurotoxicity screening.
AB  - Behavioral motor testing is an important aspect of neurotoxicity screening.
      Previous test batteries have focused on simple measures of motor performance such
      as tapping rate, movement times and reaction times. These measures, although
      valuable in certain instances, do not provide a comprehensive description of
      motor disorders. An alternate approach to evaluate behavioral motor deficits is
      to use simple behaviors as an initial guide for the study of coordinated
      movements in more natural and thus more complex situations. The advantages of
      such an approach may be insights into the central neural correlates of motor
      disorders caused by toxic agents.

PMID- 4058644
TI  - Neurotoxic chemical exposure scenarios and suggested solutions.
AB  - This manuscript reports the results of a problem-solving exercise presented to
      participants at a Workshop on Neurotoxicology Testing in Human Populations held
      in Rougemont, North Carolina in October, 1983. Response recommendations are the
      consensus of workshop participants. These are not comprehensive or definitive
      solutions and should be interpreted with caution. Each exposure scenario
      represents a "real world" situation previously encountered by neurologists and
      epidemiologists. Ideally, a toxin affects a single, easily tested modality early
      in the illness before producing a complex neurological syndrome. Unfortunately
      this rarely happens; difficult choices and compromises about testing are usually
      necessary. At the end of each scenario likely areas of early subtle dysfunction
      were discussed and possible testing methods were outlined. Working participants
      were instructed to comment on the approach to the scenarios and to add to or
      dispute the proposed tests. It is clear that there are no right or wrong answers;
      however, the participants were urged to try to reach some sort of consensus. In
      each instance participants assumed that they were being notified by the company
      and not by a state or federal agency, and were to determine what would be the
      most reasonable and effective way to offer help or obtain outside assistance in
      these situations.

PMID- 4058645
TI  - Neurobehavioral tests used in NIOSH-supported worksite studies, 1973-1983.
AB  - Between 1973 and 1983, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
      (NIOSH) published 11 studies which reported the neurobehavioral effects of
      chronic exposures to industrial chemicals among working groups. This paper
      reviews the objectives, testing methods, findings and conclusions of these
      studies. The studies employed a single rationale for selecting tests--tests
      sensitive to the types of effects reported for the chemical under study were
      utilized in each case. As a result, different sets of tests were used for
      different studies. This strategy is distinct from the approach suggested in the
      other reports in these proceedings which advocate the use of a uniform test
      battery. The wide variety of neurobehavioral effects produced by chemicals found
      in the environment argues for a rationale of tailoring test selection in many
      situations, particularly those where the range of expected effects has been
      fairly well established for the chemical under study.

PMID- 4058646
TI  - A computer-based neurobehavioral evaluation system for occupational and
      environmental epidemiology: methodology and validation studies.
AB  - To facilitate the evaluation of populations at risk for nervous system
      dysfunction due to environmental agents, we have developed a computer
      administered neurobehavioral evaluation system (NES). The system includes a set
      of testing programs, designed to run on a microcomputer, and questionnaires which
      are used to record symptoms, obtain exposure history, and characterize potential
      confounding variables. Standard tasks evaluating memory, visual/motor function,
      vocabulary ability, and mood were selected and adapted for computer presentation
      following the recommendation of a World Health Organization (WHO)-National
      Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) expert committee. After the
      performance of several pilot studies designed to refine our methodology,
      validation studies were initiated to assess comparability of selected computer
      tasks to existing standard ones administered and scored by an interviewer. A
      different aspect of validity, score stability, was addressed by repeated
      administration of tests to a small unexposed group. Comparability to existing
      tests was good (r = .42 to .76). Score stability was excellent over a 150 day
      interval, particularly for the digit span and continuous performance tests. From
      our experience, this approach appears to be a feasible, efficient, acceptable,
      and sensitive approach to evaluating central nervous system function in
      populations.

PMID- 4058647
TI  - An approach to brief field testing for neurotoxicity.
AB  - A description is offered for a microcomputer-based testing system which utilizes
      an Apple II microcomputer with the Pascal language and additional hardware
      resources. Tasks implemented for the system have been selected to broadly sample
      cognitive functioning with some sensory and motor evaluation as well. Efforts to
      evaluate sensitivity, task interrelations, and reliability of measurement are
      described.

PMID- 4058648
TI  - Naval biodynamics laboratory computerized cognitive testing.
AB  - Several computerized tests developed to evaluate cognitive performance of
      individuals working in unusual environments are described.

PMID- 4058649
TI  - Application of a portable microprocessor-based system for electrophysiological
      field testing of neurotoxicity.
AB  - A portable microprocessor-based system designated PEARL II has been developed for
      neurotoxicity testing in human populations. PEARL II provides a flexible and
      powerful data acquisition capability to record sensory evoked potentials
      (auditory, visual and somatosensory), event-related slow potentials (CNV, P300)
      and behavioral measures. PEARL II has been mounted in a mobile laboratory to
      facilitate field testing. Data obtained in pediatric lead studies are provided
      for illustration.

PMID- 4058650
TI  - A Golgi study of hypothalamic transplants in young and old host rats.
AB  - The supraoptic nucleus of the F344 rat shows an age-related dendritic regression.
      In order to determine whether this previously observed dendritic regression may
      have been related to extrinsic (to the cell) hormonal, neurotoxic, or other
      circulating factors unique to the hypothalamus of older brains, we conducted a
      quantitative Golgi study of F344 embryonic anterior hypothalamic transplants into
      the third ventricle of young adult (5 months) and older (25 months) male F344
      rats. Three months following transplantation there were no qualitative effects of
      host age on neuronal morphology, nor were there quantitative effects on
      transplant size, dendritic length or branching frequency within the transplanted
      tissue. These results suggest that either (a) there were no age-related changes
      in factors in the host brain which were sufficient to significantly affect
      dendritic extent or, (b) intrinsic connections or other properties within the
      transplant may be important in moderating the effect of the milieu of the aged
      brain on the transplanted tissue.

PMID- 4058651
TI  - Preservation of accurate spatial memory in aged rats.
AB  - Male rats were tested in an 8 arm radial maze from 6-26 months of age with 5 hr
      delay imposed between choices 4 and 5. At 26 months their spatial memory was more
      accurate than when they were first tested at 6 months and also more accurate than
      that exhibited by another 5 month old group tested concurrently. However, these
      old rats acquired a noval spatial habit more slowly than the younger animals. In
      a subsequent study, we compared the acquisition of accurate spatial memory by
      rats that were 3 or 21.5 months old at the start of training. Older rats adapted
      to the maze more slowly and required more sessions to achieve criterion with no
      delay imposed during the test. There was no reliable difference in acquisition
      when a 1 hr delay was imposed between choices 4 and 5, but the old rats learned
      more slowly with a 5 hr delay. On memory tests after criterion performance had
      been achieved, the older rats performed as well as the younger animals at all
      delay intervals. Aged rats are deficient in acquiring the skills required for
      accurate spatial memory, but once acquired these skills do not deteriorate. The
      possibility that other "memory" deficits associated with aging might be
      alleviated by overtraining is discussed.

PMID- 4058652
TI  - Effects of septal lesion on lordosis response induced by estradiol in middle-aged
      and old female rats.
AB  - Long-Evans female rats were divided into three age groups: 10 young rats (5
      months of age), 7 middle-aged rats (10-13 months of age) and 6 old rats (21-27
      months of age). The rats were ovariectomized and immediately implanted
      subcutaneously with a silastic capsule filled with estradiol benzoate (E2).
      Lordosis response was compared in each animal before and after the septal lesion.
      Serum E2 levels were 197 +/- 27 pg/ml (mean +/- SEM), 192 +/- 81 pg/ml and 405 +/
      83 pg/ml in young, middle-aged and old rats respectively. When serum E2 levels
      were adjusted by analysis of covariance, LQ (lordosis quotient) was 42, 36 and 61
      in young, middle-aged and old rats respectively before the septal lesion and 98,
      68 and 88 respectively after the septal lesion. The extent of potentiation of
      lordosis after the septal lesion was less in middle-aged and old rats than young
      rats. These results indicate that an enhanced lordosis response in aged rats is
      partly due to high circulating E2 levels and partly due to disinhibition of the
      septal region on lordosis.

PMID- 4058653
TI  - Single unit activity in frontal cortex and caudate nucleus of young and old rats.
AB  - Spontaneous neuronal activity was recorded extracellularly from isolated single
      units in frontal neocortex and caudate nucleus of young and aged F344 rats
      anesthetized with urethane. Average firing rates, mean interspike intervals (ISI)
      +/- standard deviations, and ISI frequency histograms were computed and analyzed
      by microprocessor. For frontal cortex cells (N = 226), there was a nonsignificant
      trend toward slower average discharge rates in the old group. However, a
      significantly longer mean ISI and proportionally more very slow firing cells
      (less than 1 Hz) were observed in old rats. A laminar analysis of frontal cortex
      unit activity in young animals showed average discharge rates to be distributed
      somewhat evenly throughout the cortical mantle with the exception of the zone
      1200-1400 mu beneath brain surface. This depth corresponds approximately to layer
      V where a 50% increase in mean firing rate in young animals was observed. In aged
      animals, this increased cell firing in layer V was absent, while mean discharge
      rates in other laminae remained essentially the same in the young and old rat
      groups. Caudate nucleus cells (n = 70) showed a significant shift towards fewer
      fast discharging cells in old rats, with the average firing rate diminished by
      one-third. Although more brain regions need to be examined in a similar fashion,
      the consistency of the present results with those previously reported for the
      brainstem and cerebellum suggests that slower firing rates and longer ISIs are
      likely to be wide-spread throughout the brains of aged rats.

PMID- 4058654
TI  - Passive avoidance training increases fucose incorporation into glycoproteins in
      chick forebrain slices in vitro.
AB  - When day old chicks are trained to avoid pecking at a bright bead coated with
      methyl anthranilate, many neurochemical changes, both transient and longer
      lasting, have been found. These include an increased fucose incorporation in vivo
      into particulate glycoproteins, which persists for at least 24 hrs after
      training. We have now developed an in vitro method for studying fucose
      incorporation and have been able to replicate effects of training found in vivo.
      Chick forebrain slices incubated at 42 degrees in a glucose containing-medium
      incorporate L-[U14C]fucose linearly for up to 3 hrs at rates of 30-35 nmol/g
      prot/hr. Incorporation was only 60% inhibited by cycloheximide indicating that
      some fucosylation is occurring on pre-existing proteins. Fucose incorporation was
      compared in slices from trained and control chicks and, as in vivo, a 16%
      increase in incorporation into the right forebrain base of trained birds was
      found. This increase was confined to the microsomal fraction. When cycloheximide
      was added to the incubation medium, the enhanced fucose incorporation in slices
      from trained birds was still observed.

PMID- 4058655
TI  - Two classes of arginine vasopressin binding sites on rat brain membranes.
AB  - Specific binding sites for arginine vasopressin (AVP) were demonstrated on rat
      brain membranes using [3H]AVP of high specific activity. At pH 7.4 in the
      presence of 5 mM MgCl2, one class of sites was measured with a KD of 0.56 nM and
      a Bmax of 4.3 fmol/mg protein. At pH 8.0 in the presence of MgCl2, two distinct
      sites were observed, having KD values of 0.42 and 13 nM and Bmax values of 5.6
      and 68 fmol/mg protein, respectively, and similar results were obtained at pH 7.4
      after repeatedly freezing and thawing the membranes. Binding increased with pH,
      apparently representing increased occupancy of the high capacity, lower affinity
      site. Binding to the lower affinity site was also enhanced by freezing and
      thawing membranes, or by adding 5 mM NiCl2 or 10 microM ZnCl2 to the incubation
      medium, whereas binding to the high affinity site was dependent on the addition
      of Mg. AVP was over 35 times more active in displacing 0.4 nM AVP than oxytocin
      or arginine-vasotocin, and 10,000 times more active than somatostatin. A number
      of other peptides had no effect on [3H]AVP binding at concentrations up to 10(-5)
      M. Autoradiography and regional dissection studies revealed a marked
      concentration of high affinity AVP-binding sites in the supraoptic and
      paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus, and Mg significantly enhanced the
      binding in these regions.

PMID- 4058656
TI  - The effect of temperature- and oxygen-acclimation on phospholipids of goldfish
      (Carassius auratus L.) brain mitochondria.
AB  - Goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) were temperature- and oxygen-acclimated and the
      composition of the phospholipids and their acyl groups in brain mitochondria was
      determined. The proportion of ethanolamine to choline phospholipid was greater
      while the plasmenyl ethanolamine value (P-GPE/D- + P-GPE) was lower at the low
      acclimation temperature. For the ethanolamine glycerophospholipids, a rise in the
      ratio n-6/n-3 fatty acyl groups occurred with cold acclimation. No significant
      change in the ratio was exhibited by phosphatidyl choline. When the oxygen level
      was increased, at either acclimation temperature, a rise in the GPE/GPC ratio and
      the plasmenyl ethanolamine value resulted. The n-6/n-3 ratio was generally
      increased for the ethanolamine classes when the oxygen concentration was raised.
      The possible significance of these changes is discussed.

PMID- 4058657
TI  - Partial characterization of histidine decarboxylase in hamster and rat brain
      employing a new method.
AB  - Histidine decarboxylase activity in hamster and rat brains were studied using a
      newly developed sensitive, direct radioenzymatic microassay. For our assay
      conditions, we determined a Km for L-histidine of 320 microM and a Vmax for
      histidine decarboxylase of 110 pmol histamine/hr/mg protein in rat hypothalamus.
      The regional distributions of both histidine decarboxylase and histamine levels
      were similar in the hamster and rat with the most activity in hypothalamus. Most
      of the histidine decarboxylase activity in rat hypothalamus was in the cytosol
      fraction. The developmental pattern of histidine decarboxylase in the fetal rat
      did not reveal a prenatal spike in activity. Histidine decarboxylase activity in
      rat brain reached adult levels by four weeks. Alpha-fluoromethylhistidine
      inhibited histidine decarboxylase activity almost totally in vitro at 10 microM
      and about 80% in vivo after six days of infusion (100 mg/kg/day) in all brain
      regions except the cerebellum. Likewise, histamine levels were depleted about 75%
      in all brain regions except the cerebellum.

PMID- 4058658
TI  - The effect of iron on mammalian cortical neurons in culture.
AB  - We added iron in the ferric form to predominantly neuronal, cortical cell
      cultures, and determined clonazepam-displaceable [3H]diazepam binding, choline
      acetyltransferase activity, high-affinity [3H]GABA uptake, and glutamic acid
      decarboxylase activity. Chronic exposure (14 days) to low concentrations (0.01,
      0.04, and 0.1 micrograms/ml) of added ferric iron resulted in a significant
      decrease in each of the measures studied.

PMID- 4058660
TI  - Expression of heat shock genes in fetal and maternal rabbit brain.
AB  - Cloned fragments of members of the Drosophila and mouse major heat shock (hsp70)
      gene family were used to demonstrate that homologous sequences are present in the
      rabbit genome. After a physiologically relevant increase in body temperature of 3
      degrees C, transcription of inducible hsp70 genes is detected in both the fetal
      and maternal brain and kidney. The induced hsp70 gene transcripts decay rapidly
      after whole body hyperthermia subsides. Transcripts of constitutively expressed
      member(s) of the hsp70 gene family, the heat shock cognate genes (hsc70), are
      detected in unstressed fetal and maternal rabbit tissues.

PMID- 4058659
TI  - Effects of piperine on convulsions and on brain serotonin and catecholamine
      levels in E1 mice.
AB  - Convulsions of E1 mice were completely suppressed by 60 mg/kg of piperine
      injected intraperitoneally. The ED50 was 21.1 mg/kg. The brain 5-HT, dopamine and
      norepinephrine levels were estimated 1 hour after the intraperitoneal injection
      of piperine. The 5-HT level was significantly higher in the cerebral cortex of
      piperine treated mice than in control mice. This increase may be related directly
      to the mechanism of inhibition of convulsions by piperine. On the other hand,
      lower levels of 5-HT were observed in the hippocampus, midbrain and cerebellum.
      The dopamine level in the piperine treated mice was markedly higher only in the
      hypothalamus, while the norepinephrine levels were lower in every part of the
      brain.

PMID- 4058661
TI  - Levels of sulfatide synthesis distinguish oligodendroglia in different stages of
      maturation.
AB  - In the central nervous system, oligodendroglia elaborate extensive quantities of
      membranes to form the multilamellar myelin sheath. Whether the production of
      extensive networks of processes by oligodendroglia in culture is a similar type
      of phenomenon as the formation of myelin is an unanswered question. Rat
      oligodendroglia, prepared by a modification of a differential shaking and plating
      method, elaborate extensive processes in culture. In contrast, bovine
      oligodendroglia, obtained by a bulk-isolation method, produce whorls of membrane
      lamellae, adjacent to the cell soma. The incorporation of various radiolabeled
      substrates into specific lipids was compared with the two cell types. It was
      found that rat oligodendroglia do produce myelin specific lipids, but at a lower
      level than bovine oligodendroglia which are actively synthesizing myelin lipids,
      especially cerebrosides, from a variety of substrates. Interestingly sulfatides
      are produced at a higher level in the cells not producing myelin, rat
      oligodendroglia. Other lipids that are associated with myelination (cerebrosides
      with alpha-hydroxy fatty acids and phosphatidylinositides) are produced at higher
      levels in bovine oligodendroglia. Thus it appears that the extension of processes
      by oligodendroglia in culture is a different phenomenon than the production of
      myelin membranes and requires lower levels of myelin lipids.

PMID- 4058662
TI  - [Results of the surgical treatment of metastatic brain tumors].
AB  - Results of surgical treatment in 85 cases with metastatic brain tumors are
      reviewed. The lung was the most frequent site of primary lesion and the following
      sites were GI tract and the breast. Adequate treatment consisted of total removal
      of tumor, irradiation and/or chemotherapy were carried out in 51 cases. The
      remaining 34 cases had an unsuccessful treatment because of their poor physical
      condition. Mean survival time after adequate treatment was 8.75 months in the
      former group and 3.06 months in the latter group. Of 51 patients (86.3%) in the
      former group, 44 showed improvement of the neurological signs after treatment. In
      the latter group, only 14 patients (41.2%) revealed neurological improvement.
      Total removal of tumor was carried out in 55 of 85 cases. The one-month operative
      mortality for all patients was 19.2%. Postoperative one-year survival rate was
      12.5% in 16 cases with multiple metastases and in 36 cases with single metastasis
      was 25.6%. Follow-up study of 77 cases showed 31.2% of survival rate in 6 months,
      18.2% in one-year and 5.2% in two-years. Only four patients survived more than 3
      years after treatment. The direct causes of death in cases of total removal were
      attributed in recurrence of primary lesion or remote metastases to other organs.
      This study revealed that the prognosis of the patient with metastatic brain tumor
      was influenced by existence of intracranial hypertension due to brain edema or
      metastatic tumor itself and metastases to other organs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4058663
TI  - Tension pneumocephalus following surgical evacuation of chronic subdural
      hematoma.
AB  - A case among 23 consecutive cases of chronic subdural hematoma developed tension
      pneumocephalus following surgical evacuation via a burr hole under local
      anesthesia. A closed drainage system applied into the subdural space was
      considered to be responsible for its formation as a result of one-way valve
      mechanism. In all 23 cases, preoperative and postoperative CT scans were reviewed
      in order to evaluate clinical significance of air in the subdural space after
      surgery. Air was noticed in all cases with various amount. However, unless the
      mass effect by air was more than the mass effect by chronic subdural hematoma, it
      was not necessary to remove air regardless of its amount.

PMID- 4058664
TI  - [The usefulness of prolonged high dose delayed contrast computed tomography for
      the diagnosis of intracranial angiographically occult vascular malformations].
AB  - It is difficult to diagnose angiographically occult vascular malformations. When
      conventional CT (plain & contrast enhancement) can not demonstrate the lesions,
      it was impossible to diagnose in the past. We developed a new technique which
      enabled us to diagnose them. Materials and methods; Seven cases of spontaneous
      intracerebral hemorrhage, in which no abnormality was detected by repeated
      magnified serial angiography with subtraction technique and prolonged injection
      technique, were examined. In each case, conventional CT (plain & enhancement
      using 100 ml of 60% meglumine iothalamate) was performed first, which was
      immediately followed by the administration of 220 ml of 30% meglumine iothalamate
      for one hour. CT is taken at the end of the infusion. It, we call, is prolonged
      high dose delayed contrast CT: PHDD-CT. Total dose of iodine used in this
      technique was 59.22 gI (1.0 gI/kg body weight: BW). Results; Contrast enhancement
      effect of PHDD-CT was much better than that of conventional CT in all the cases.
      In three cases, the lesions were more clearly delineated in PHDD-CT. In four
      cases, only PHDD-CT could demonstrate the lesions. No side effect was observed.
      Comments; Several techniques for better enhancement have been reported, however
      they used large volume of contrast medium such as 1.5 or 2.0 gI/kg BW. Our
      technique can be performed with more security. Based on our good results, we
      recommend to use this PHDD-CT technique for the diagnosis of angiographically
      occult vascular malformations.

PMID- 4058665
TI  - [Subfrontal schwannoma: report of a case].
AB  - Subfrontal schwannoma is extremely uncommon. By reviewing the literature, we are
      able to find 8 previously described cases. This report describes a very rare case
      of solitary schwannoma grown in the anterior cranial fossa. A patient, 23 years
      old male, had experienced generalized convulsion on April 4, 1981. On the Tc99m
      scintigram, accumulation of isotope was observed in the left anterior cranial
      fossa. The carotid angiography revealed that the tumor stain was supplied from
      ophthalmic artery and orbitofrontal artery. CT showed an area with relatively low
      density in the left frontal base. This area was well enhanced following contrast
      injection. Coronal CT revealed that the tumor was contiguous with the left
      olfactory groove. The tumor was removed on May 12, 1981. The left fronto-temporal
      post-operative epidural hematoma was observed after the operation but his post
      operative course was relatively satisfactory. Histological section of tumor
      showed interwinning bundles of cells with pallisading on hematoxylin and eosin.
      Pathological study showed such pallisading of the tumor cells, which confirmed
      that the tumor was schwannoma. While the precise origin of this unusually
      situated schwannoma remains uncertain, it appears most likely that the origin was
      from either ectopic, or perivascular nerve plexus schwann cells or dural branch
      of trigeminal nerve. Because the branch of the trigeminal nerves or anterior
      ethmoidal nerves is distributed to the meninges, the trigeminal nerve is covered
      with schwann cells after penetrating the pia mater in the anterior cranial
      fossa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4058666
TI  - [Synchronized hemifacial spasm induced by sound stimulation].
AB  - A 42-year-old woman whose hemifacial spasm develops not only involuntarily but
      also synchronously to the sound stimulation to the left ear is presented. She had
      about 10 years history of left hemifacial spasm which occurred only
      involuntarily, and she was treated successfully by microvascular decompression
      method on June 1982. She had been uneventful and free from facial spasm until
      around January 1983, about 7 months after the first surgery, when her hemifacial
      spasm recurred and interestingly enough, this spasm started to occur not only
      involuntary but also synchronously to stimulation of the sound. On her
      electromyography (EMG) of the face, high amplitude discharge were noted
      sporadically during her facial muscle twitching, but more constant and regular
      high amplitude discharge on EMG were also evoked invariably and synchronously
      with the sound stimulation which was induced by 90 dB click sound and once this
      sound stimulation discontinued her facial muscle twitching ceased and abnormal
      discharge of EMG which appeared with sound stimulation disappeared instantly. On
      March 18, 1983, her left posterior fossa was explored and another angled artery
      was found compressing the facial nerve just at the root entry zone, more
      proximally than the previous site where the nerve was found compressed and
      decompressed at the first surgery. After complete replacement of this offending
      artery from the nerve, her facial spasm disappeared completely and was never
      evoked by the sound stimulation. Her postoperative EMG revealed no abnormal
      discharges at all after the sound stimulation by click sound in the ear.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4058667
TI  - [Diffuse bone marrow metastasis of an anaplastic oligodendroglioma].
AB  - The authors report a case of anaplastic oligodendroglioma, in which multiple bone
      metastases developed about 6 years after the first craniotomy. A 32-year-old
      woman was admitted because of an apathetic state. CT scan and angiography
      suggested right frontal glioma. On August 15, 1977, a right frontal lobectomy was
      performed and histological sections showed anaplastic oligodendroglioma.
      Postoperative course was uneventful and she was discharged after
      chemoradiotherapy. In January, 1982, CT scan suggested recurrence of the right
      frontal tumor. On February 8, 1982, the second craniotomy was performed and this
      time, local radiation therapy by the afterloading technique (192Ir seed assembly)
      was given after the operation. In March, 1983, she began to complain of low back
      pains and multiple bone metastases were found by bone X-Ps and scintigrams.
      Biopsy of bone metastases was performed and at the same time, the whole body was
      surveyed for malignant tumors. But no primary cancer other than the right frontal
      brain tumor was found. In spite of therapy such as IFN, her condition gradually
      deteriorated and she died in December, 1983. Histological bone biopsy sections
      showed anaplastic oligodendroglioma much like the histology of the first
      operation. As the progress of curative means has increased, so has also the
      number of long-time survivors of malignant brain tumors. And in proportion to the
      increase in long-time survivors, cases of extracranial metastases may also
      increase. The etiology, diagnosis and therapy of extracranial metastases from the
      literature was also studied.

PMID- 4058668
TI  - [Distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysm causing acute subdural hematoma: report
      of two cases].
AB  - We report two cases of distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms (distal ACA
      aneurysm) causing acute subdural hematomas, which were diagnosed preoperatively.
      Case 1: 56 y.o. female who presented with stupor and right hemiparesis, was
      operated on 8 hrs. post-ictus. Case 2: 51 y.o. female who presented with semi
      coma, anisocoria and decerebrate posture was operated on 5 hrs. post-ictus. She
      is alive in fair condition at present. Incidence of acute subdural hematomas in
      association with ruptured cerebral aneurysms has been reported as variously as
      0.5 to 7.9% (clinical cases), with their source of bleeding being either IC or
      MCA aneurysms. Acute subdural hematomas as complication of ruptured distal ACA
      aneurysms are rare, and to the authors' knowledge, only 6 cases have been
      reported so far. Review of the literature regarding mechanism of formation of
      subdural hematoma, clinical course and treatment of choice are also reported.

PMID- 4058669
TI  - [Two cases of giant fusiform aneurysm presenting ischemic attacks].
AB  - It is said that major clinical sign of giant fusiform aneurysm is so-called mass
      sign compressing surrounding tissues and ischemic attack caused by the aneurysm
      is very rare. The authors experienced such uncommon two patients with partially
      thrombosed fusiform aneurysm who developed ischemic attack. Case 1: A 68-year-old
      man was admitted to our hospital in semicomatous state with ocular bobbing and
      decorticate posture of sudden onset. Enhanced CT scans taken at admission showed
      a presence of homogenously enhanced mass continuing to bilateral posterior
      cerebral arteries, which compressed the pons from right ventro-lateral side (Fig.
      1 a,b). Plain CT scan taken 10 days after admission demonstrated extensive low
      density area in the pons (Fig. 1c). Basilar artery and P1 segment of the right
      posterior cerebral artery are ectatic, tortuous and elongated (Fig. 2a). The
      ectatic basilar artery was displaced upward and posteriorly (Fig. 2b). He
      developed locked-in syndrome and died of pneumonia six months after admission. At
      autopsy, large aneurysm measuring 3.5 X 2.0 X 1.9 cm was verified in the basilar
      artery (Fig. 3a). Cross section of the basilar artery aneurysm showed that
      laminated thrombosis nearly occupied the lumen with partially unobstructed
      portion (Fig. 3b). Also, horizontal section of the pons demonstrated a presence
      of old infarction located in the perforating arteries territory (Fig. 3c). Case
      2: A 42-year-old man was initially hospitalized in 1978 because of multiple
      intracranial meningiomas and subtotal removal of meningiomas located in the
      tuberculum sellae and the foramen magnum was performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4058670
TI  - Can the BB-rat help to unravel diabetic neuropathy?
AB  - Diabetic neuropathy is probably the most common and one of the most disabling
      complications of diabetes mellitus. Although several possible pathogenetic
      mechanisms for this complication have been suggested, they cannot easily be
      tested in man. Therefore animal models with induced or spontaneous onset of
      diabetes mellitus have been used. The spontaneously diabetic BB-rat may provide a
      valuable model, since it displays both metabolic, functional and structural
      abnormalities of peripheral nerve similar to those present in humans. Based on
      systematic studies of these abnormalities in peripheral nerve in this model,
      inter-relationships between diabetic dysmetabolism, dysfunction and structural
      changes are starting to emerge. These findings are reviewed and a scheme of
      proven and proposed correlations which now can be tested in this animal model is
      presented.

PMID- 4058671
TI  - Transient retino-inferior collicular fibres in neonatal rats: their persistence
      after removal of one eye at birth.
AB  - Retinal projections to the inferior colliculus in the newborn albino rat were
      demonstrated by intraocular injection with horseradish peroxidase. During normal
      development, these retino-inferior collicular fibres disappeared by 26 days of
      age. However, after removal of one eye at birth, distinct retino-inferior
      collicular fibres arising from the remaining eye were preserved contralaterally
      in rats at 26 days of age.

PMID- 4058672
TI  - Ceroid-lipofuscinosis (Batten's disease): pathogenesis of blindness in the ovine
      model.
AB  - Blindness is a feature of the group of storage diseases of children known as the
      ceroid-lipofuscinoses. Sequential studies in the ovine model, which most
      resembles the juvenile form of human disease, showed clearly that blindness had
      two components, a central and a peripheral. Whereas the central component,
      attributable to neuronal death and atrophy of the cerebral cortex, was
      responsible for early loss of vision, retinal atrophy was also extremely advanced
      in terminal stages of the disease. The primary retinal change was one of
      dystrophy of photoreceptor outer segments which preceded degeneration and
      necrosis of the photoreceptors cells themselves. Electroretinography showed that
      there was a progressive loss of a- and b-waves during the course of the disease,
      but this was preceded by a diminished c-wave which was eventually replaced by a
      negative potential. However, the pigment epithelium remained functionally (azide
      responsive) and ultrastructurally intact throughout the study. Loss of brain
      weight with selective cerebral atrophy also correlated with abnormal behaviour
      and facial manoeuvres that were interpreted as partial seizures that did not
      become generalized.

PMID- 4058673
TI  - Effects of prenatal exposure to ethanol on the maturation of the pyramidal
      neurons in the cerebral cortex of the guinea-pig: a quantitative Golgi study.
AB  - The effects of chronic ethanol consumption during gestation on the development of
      layer V pyramidal cells was studied quantitatively in the somatosensory cerebral
      cortex of the newborn guinea-pig. The spread of the basilar dendritic
      arborizations and counts of dendritic spines on the apical dendrite of neurons
      that had been processed with the rapid Golgi method were compared with those
      found in age-matched controls receiving an isocaloric diet without alcohol. There
      were significant differences in the number of primary basilar dendrites (P less
      than 0.05) and dendritic ramifications at a distance of 25 micron from the soma
      (P less than 0.01) between the alcohol-exposed and control animals. There also
      were significant differences in the number of dendritic spines on the apical
      dendrite (P less than 0.001). This experimental model further illustrates
      developmental anomalies in the cerebral cortex following prenatal ethanol
      exposure.

PMID- 4058674
TI  - The contusion index: a reappraisal in human and experimental non-missile head
      injury.
AB  - A previously described method of quantifying cerebral contusions in man (the
      contusion index) caused by non-missile head injury has been modified and applied
      to a larger series of cases, and used to assess contusions in experimental head
      injuries. The initial findings in man have been confirmed, viz. that contusions
      are most severe in the frontal and temporal lobes; that contusions may be
      entirely absent in a patient dying as a result of a head injury; that there is no
      correlation between the severity of contusions and the nature of the injury; that
      the concept of contrecoup must continue to be questioned; that contusions are
      more severe in patients who have a fracture of the skull in comparison to those
      who do not; that contusions are more severe in patients who do not experience a
      lucid interval than in those who do; and that contusions are less severe in
      patients with diffuse axonal injury than in those who do not have diffuse axonal
      injury. The distribution of contusions in subhuman primates is similar to that
      seen in man, and they occur more frequently with short duration than with long
      duration acceleration.

PMID- 4058675
TI  - Evidence that cell bodies in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus are not
      cholinergic.
AB  - Central cholinergic pathways have been implicated in the control of pituitary
      hormone release. Based on studies using acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
      histochemistry, it has been proposed that the cholinergic neurons controlling
      hormone release originate in neurons of the arcuate nucleus (AH). Although AChE
      histochemistry has been widely utilized to map central cholinergic pathways, AChE
      is not an unequivocal marker for cholinergic neurons. A more precise method for
      determining that neurons are cholinergic is the immunocytochemical labeling of
      choline acetyltransferase (CAT). In order to determine if the AChE-positive
      neurons in the AH are cholinergic, we double-labeled tissue sections for CAT and
      AChE using a combined immunocytochemical and AChE-histochemical method. Although
      neurons in several areas of the brain could be labeled for both CAT and AChE,
      neurons in the AH were only AChE-positive. We concluded that the AChE-positive
      neurons in the AH may be cholinoceptive but are not likely to be the source of
      cholinergic neurons controlling hormone release from the pituitary gland.

PMID- 4058676
TI  - Acute restraint stress decreases dopamine synthesis and turnover in the median
      eminence: a model for the study of the inhibitory neuronal influences on
      tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons.
AB  - The effects of acute stress on serum prolactin concentrations and
      tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neuronal activity were studied in female
      rats. TIDA neuronal activity was estimated by measuring the rate of
      dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) accumulation after the administration of a
      decarboxylase inhibitor (NSD 1015) and the rate of decline of dopamine (DA) after
      the administration of a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor (alpha-methyltyrosine) in
      the median eminence. Serum prolactin concentrations were increased following 30
      min of supine immobilization (restraint stress), but returned to control levels
      by 2, 8, and 16 h after the onset of this stress. The rate of DOPA accumulation
      was decreased during the 30 min of restraint; it was still further reduced 2 h
      later but had returned to control levels 8 and 16 h later. No change in the rate
      of DOPA accumulation was observed in the striatum or neurointermediate lobe of
      the pituitary at any time after the start of restraint. Restraint stress also
      decreased the rate of DA turnover in the median eminence, but was without effect
      on the rates of DA turnover in the striatum or neurointermediate lobe. These
      results suggest that restraint stress activates an inhibitory neuronal pathway
      which decreases the activity of TIDA neurons and may be responsible, at least in
      part, for the increase in serum prolactin concentrations. The responsiveness of
      TIDA neurons to the stress-induced decrease in activity was not influenced by the
      time of day or the stage of the estrous cycle. Not all stressful manipulations
      decreased TIDA neuronal activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4058677
TI  - Time course of the development of the enhanced behavioral and biochemical
      responses to amphetamine after pretreatment with amphetamine.
AB  - These experiments were designed to examine the time course of development of the
      enhanced stereotyped behavioral response to amphetamine after withdrawal from
      chronic pretreatment with amphetamine and to determine whether this time course
      correlates with that of the enhancement in the amphetamine-induced stimulation of
      the release of dopamine (DA) from striatal slices. Rats were pretreated with
      amphetamine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline, twice daily for 5 consecutive days. At 3,
      15 and 30 days after withdrawal of the drug the stereotyped behavioral response
      and the release of endogenous DA from slices of striatum in response to a
      challenge dose of amphetamine were measured. At all 3 times tested, the
      stereotyped behavioral response to the challenge dose of amphetamine was enhanced
      in the rats pretreated with amphetamine, with the greatest degree of enhancement
      seen at 15 and 30 days after withdrawal of the drug. At these times, the
      responses were associated with a significant attenuation in the stimulation of
      locomotor activity produced by the challenge dose of amphetamine, which was
      probably related to the enhanced stereotyped behavioral response. Amphetamine
      stimulated the release of endogenous DA from slices of striatum in rats
      pretreated with saline and amphetamine. However, the release of endogenous DA
      from slices of rats pretreated with amphetamine was significantly greater than
      that of saline-pretreated rats at 15 and 30 days after withdrawal of the drug,
      but not at 3 days after withdrawal. Thus, pretreatment with amphetamine resulted
      in enhanced behavioral and biochemical responses to amphetamine which increased
      over time after withdrawal of the drug.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4058678
TI  - Effects of desipramine on cardiovascular responses of rats to stimulation of the
      baroreceptor reflex and of central adrenoceptors.
AB  - Phenylephrine (0.4-2.0 micrograms 300 g-1), injected intravenously, evoked
      similar dose-dependent increases in blood pressure in untreated rats and in rats
      treated with desipramine (10 mg kg-1 day-1 for 4 weeks). The (dose-dependent)
      reflex fall in heart rate to the blood pressure responses were smaller in the
      rats treated with desipramine. Treatment with desipramine did not affect the
      bradycardia evoked by intrahypothalamic injection of phenylephrine (10
      micrograms). After treatment with desipramine, the hypotension evoked by
      intrahypothalamic injection of isoprenaline (10 micrograms) was enhanced whereas
      the evoked tachycardia was diminished.

PMID- 4058679
TI  - Monoamine oxidase inhibition cannot account for changes in visual evoked
      potentials produced by chlordimeform.
AB  - Chlordimeform (CDM), a formamidine insecticide and monoamine oxidase (MAO)
      inhibitor, has recently been shown to produce large changes in visual evoked
      potentials of hooded rats (Boyes and Dyer, 1984a). Two experiments were performed
      to determine if the changes in evoked potentials were a result of the inhibition
      of MAO. In the first, the degree of inhibition of MAO in the brains of rats
      treated with chlordimeform (1.0-100 mg/kg, i.p.) was compared with that produced
      by pargyline (0.3-30 mg/kg, i.p.). Both compounds preferentially inhibited MAO-B,
      although MAO-A was substantially inhibited at larger doses. Pargyline was a
      relatively more potent inhibitor of MAO than chlordimeform, but not more
      efficacious. In the second experiment, pattern reversal evoked potentials (PREPs)
      and flash-evoked potentials (FEPs) were recorded from groups of rats after
      treatment with either saline, 0.4 mg/kg pargyline, 20 mg/kg pargyline or 40 mg/kg
      chlordimeform. The latter two groups were selected so as to have similar levels
      of inhibition of MAO, about 90% inhibition of MAO-B and 60% inhibition of MAO-A.
      The results showed a doubling of the amplitude of pattern reversal evoked
      potentials and increased latencies of the pattern reversal evoked potential and
      the flash-evoked-potentials in the chlordimeform-treated group, but no
      significant changes from saline control values in the pargyline-treated groups.
      These results confirm that chlordimeform is a MAO inhibitor at doses which
      produce behavioral and electrophysiological changes, but demonstrate further that
      the changes in visual evoked potentials produced by chlordimeform are not a
      direct result of the inhibition of MAO.

PMID- 4058680
TI  - Cross-sensitization to the excitatory effect of morphine in post-dependent rats.
AB  - Time-effects of morphine, methadone, meperidine and pentazocine upon locomotor
      activity were investigated in naive and in post-dependent rats. Dependence was
      induced by daily injection of 20 mg/kg (i.p.) of morphine for 30 days. Tests were
      run starting from 1 month after withdrawal from morphine. Morphine produced a
      greater increase in activity in post-dependent than in naive rats. Marked cross
      sensitization to the excitatory effect occurred with methadone but not with
      pentazocine. The motility pattern of meperidine was similar in naive and in post
      dependent animals. The findings presented here suggest that: different mechanisms
      underlie the excitatory actions of opiates; the narcotic character of a drug can
      be detected by challenging this drug in rats previously dependent on morphine.

PMID- 4058681
TI  - The mechanism of opening of the blood-brain barrier by hypertonic saline.
AB  - The permeability of the blood-brain barrier was assessed in the cat, using Evan's
      blue as circulant. Regional blood flow and vascular resistance in various areas
      of brain were measured using radioactive microspheres. Cardiac output (CO), blood
      pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), pH, pO2 and pCO2 were also measured. Hypertonic
      saline (5 M, 0.5 ml/kg), administered intravenously, increased the staining of
      the brain substance. It also produced a marked increase in cerebral blood flow
      after 5 min and a marked decrease in blood flow to all the regions of the brain
      after 20 min. The flow returned to normal after 40 min. The vascular resistance
      decreased at 5 min, increased at 20 min and returned to normal at 40 min. Cardiac
      output increased significantly at 5 min and decreased at 20 min, while at 40 min
      it returned to normal. Blood pressure decreased at 5 min, increased at 20 min,
      while heart rate steadily decreased. A complete recovery of cardiac output, blood
      pressure and heart rate occurred in 1 hr. No change was observed in pH, pCO2 and
      pO2. It is concluded that intravenous administration of hypertonic saline causes
      marked haemodynamic changes and increases the permeability of the blood-brain
      barrier due to transient impairment of autoregulation.

PMID- 4058682
TI  - Effects of phenytoin on field bursts of rat hippocampal slices in low-calcium
      solutions.
AB  - Recurring bursts of population spikes, a simple model of epileptiform activity,
      can be produced by exposing slices of rat hippocampus to saline containing 0.2 mM
      [Ca2+] and 4.0 mM [Mg2+], at which concentration chemical synaptic activity is
      blocked. Phenytoin at 7.3-73 microM shortened the duration of these bursts. At 73
      microM the bursts were slowed and often eliminated. This model appears to be more
      sensitive to the action of phenytoin than the penicillin model of epileptiform
      bursting.

PMID- 4058683
TI  - Cholecystokinin octapeptides influence tolerance to ethanol in mice.
AB  - The effects of graded doses of cholecystokinin octapeptide sulphate (CCK-8-S) and
      non-sulphated CCK-8 (CCK-8-NS) on the development of tolerance to the hypothermic
      effect of ethanol were investigated in mice. The animals were pretreated with
      daily doses of CCK-8-S, CCK-8-NS (0.003-30 nmol/animal s.c.) or vehicle, followed
      two hours later by the i.p. administration of ethanol (4 g/kg). The same
      treatments were repeated on three consecutive days. The hypothermic response to
      ethanol administration gradually diminished, this phenomenon being accepted as
      indicating the development of tolerance to ethanol. Both CCK-8-S and CCK-8-NS
      inhibited the development of tolerance. While CCK-8-S resulted in a linear dose
      response effect (0.3-30 nmol/animal), CCK-8-NS gave rise to a bell-shaped curve
      with effective blocking doses of 0.3-3 nmol/animal. There was no difference in
      colonic temperature between peptide and vehicle-treated, ethanol-naive animals,
      indicating that the peptide did not change the initial sensitivity to ethanol.

PMID- 4058684
TI  - The role of the nucleus accumbens septi (NAS) in the behavioral action of beta
      (Tyr9)melanotropin-(9-18).
AB  - In this study the effects of beta-(Tyr9)MSH-9-18 administered
      intracerebroventricularly (icv) or into the nucleus accumbens septi (NAS) were
      investigated on active and passive avoidance behavior of rats. This hypothalamic
      decapeptide in a dose of 1.0 microgram (icv) inhibited the extinction of active
      avoidance behavior however, in a dose of 0.1 microgram (icv) it was ineffective.
      The peptide injected into the NAS in a dose of 0.1 microgram had a same
      inhibitory effect but in a dose of 0.01 microgram this inhibitory effect was only
      a short lasting one. In the passive avoidance behavior the peptide in a dose of 1
      microgram and 0.1 microgram (icv) significantly increased the passive avoidance
      latency, but in a dose of 0.01 microgram it was ineffective. If the same doses of
      the decapeptide were injected into the NAS the peptide was ineffective. These
      results suggest that the NAS doses not play a role in the memory effect of beta
      (Tyr9)MSH9-18 and memory compound does not participate in the NAS mediated effect
      of the decapeptide on the active avoidance behavior.

PMID- 4058685
TI  - Metabolic profiling of opioid peptides in tooth pulp by HPLC and radioreceptor
      assay.
AB  - A analytical system using a combination of gradient RP-HPLC and radioreceptor
      assay as the HPLC-detector is used to analyze the peptide-rich fraction extracted
      from a canine tooth pulp homogenate and to provide a metabolic profile of
      endogenous receptoractive peptides. The gradient RP-HPLC effectively separates
      the endogenous peptide mixture into a range of hydrophobicities that corresponds
      to a spectrum of peptide sizes. The receptor preparation is derived from a canine
      limbic system synaptosome fraction. 3H-DADL serves as the ligand in the RRA. The
      RP-HPLC/RRA data indicate canine tooth pulp contains a wide range of peptides
      that interact with the opioid peptide receptor preparation and displace the delta
      receptor preferring ligand D2-ala, D5-Leu leucine enkephalin.

PMID- 4058686
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of centrally administered vasopressin in conscious and
      anesthetized rats.
AB  - Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in doses
      of 0.015 nmoles and 0.15 nmoles produced a fall in mean actual pressure heart
      rate and respiration in pentobarbital anesthetized rats. The changes in mean
      arterial pressure and respiration after the higher dose were significantly
      different from saline injection. In contrast, the same doses of AVP given to
      conscious animals increased both blood pressure and heart rate. Following the
      0.15 nmole dose, there was a marked and significant rise in plasma norepinephrine
      and epinephrine, indicating that activation of the sympathetic nervous system
      was, at least in part, responsible for the rise in blood pressure. Plasma
      vasopressin increased by less than 10 pg/ml following injection. Similar doses of
      a vasopressin pressor antagonist had no significant effect on mean arterial
      pressure or heart rate. These results indicate that ICV injection of vasopressin
      has different effects on blood pressure, depending on the presence or absence of
      anesthesia: depressor responses in the anesthetized animal and pressor responses
      in the unanesthetized animal.

PMID- 4058688
TI  - Angiographically occult angiomas: a report of thirteen cases with analysis of the
      cases documented in the literature.
AB  - Thirteen cases of angiographically occult angioma (AOA) are reported. Nine of
      these presented with intraparenchymatous hemorrhage, and the other 4 patients had
      epilepsy. The pathological diagnosis was arteriovenous malformation in 12 cases
      and cavernous angioma in 1. All surgical specimens but 2 contained hemosiderin
      pigment. In addition to these 13 cases, we reviewed 159 cases of AOA reported in
      the literature and analyzed them in terms of age, sex, symptoms and signs at
      admission, computed tomographic findings, location and size of angioma, history
      of previous and recurrent hemorrhage, type of hemorrhage, and outcome of
      operation to determine the characteristics of AOAs. The results of these analyses
      are described in detail, and the indications for surgical treatment of suspected
      AOAs are discussed. Our microsurgical technique for detecting the angioma within
      or adjacent to the hematoma is also presented.

PMID- 4058687
TI  - Aneurysm clip motion during magnetic resonance imaging: in vivo experimental
      study with metallurgical factor analysis.
AB  - Because of various mechanical, metallurgical, and commercial constraints,
      aneurysm clips are manufactured from different alloys, including several
      stainless steel and cobalt alloys. Some of the steels contain volume fractions of
      the crystal phase known as martensite. Martensitic alloys have body-centered
      cubic structure, are prone to stress corrosion failure, and are ferromagnetic.
      Martensitic steel can be displaced like a compass needle when exposed to a
      magnetic field such as that generated during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
      The force exerted by the magnetic field is proportional to the volume fraction of
      the magnetic phase. We investigated the martensitic content and magnetic field
      induced displacement of 12 common aneurysm clips. Four clips of each of the
      following types were examined: Sugita, Sundt-Kees Multi-Angle, Heifetz (two
      types), Vari-Angle McFadden, Yasargil (two types), Scoville, Mayfield, Vari
      Angle, Pivot, and Kapp. Phase homogeneity and crystal structure were analyzed by
      x-ray diffraction using a Phillips x-ray diffractometer. Clip deflection in an
      Oxford Research Systems MRI spectrometer was measured in our in vivo rat
      abdominal aortic aneurysm model. Results showed that the volume fraction of the
      martensitic phase in the various clips correlated with the magnitude of the
      deflection. Among the clips examined, the Yasargil, Sugita, Heifetz Elgiloy, and
      Vari-Angle McFadden had a nonmartensitic composition and did not deflect in the
      magnetic field. The Scoville contained 5% martensite and deflected only
      marginally. Martensite comprised 35% of the Mayfield clip, which deflected 45
      degrees, and 90% of the Heifetz, Vari-Angle, Pivot, and Sundt-Kees Multi-Angle
      clips, which deflected approximately 70 degrees or slipped off the
      aneurysm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4058689
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of experimental brain edema in cats.
AB  - The authors observed the natural course of experimental brain edema in vivo using
      magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. To detect and qualify the edematous lesion, they
      obtained images by the spin echo technique (repetition time, 2100 ms; echo time,
      80 ms). These showed the maximal brain edema on the 1st to 3rd days after the
      operation, as evidenced by a pixel density study and a finding of mass effect. On
      MR images enhanced with manganese, the inversion recovery technique (repetition
      time, 2100 ms; inversion time, 500 ms) demonstrated the edematous lesion as a
      high signal intensity area with good spatial resolution. Moreover, the follow-up
      inversion recovery images with manganese suggested that there was a system for
      absorption of edema fluid between blood vessels and the edematous lesion. The
      authors think that MR imaging is an important technique for observation of the
      dynamics of experimental brain edema.

PMID- 4058690
TI  - Use of the Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator and evoked potentials for the
      treatment of thalamic and brain stem tumors in children.
AB  - We subtotally removed nine pediatric central gliomas (five brain stem and four
      thalamic) with the Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA). Greater than
      70% of the tumor was removed in eight of the nine cases. Evoked potentials were
      monitored during six of the operations. Of the six children who were operated on
      with monitoring, four had no deficit and two had single cranial nerve palsies. Of
      the three children who were operated on without evoked potential monitoring, one
      had no deficit, one was in a permanent state of obtundation, and one died of a
      pulmonary embolus 6 weeks postoperatively. Because the prognosis of children with
      malignant astrocytomas correlates with the extent of tumor removal, extensive
      tumor removal with the CUSA is probably indicated for some children with
      relatively discrete, enhancing central gliomas. Evoked potential monitoring may
      be useful during such operations.

PMID- 4058691
TI  - Traumatic intracavernous carotid aneurysm with massive epistaxis.
AB  - Five cases of traumatic intracavernous carotid aneurysm are presented. All of the
      patients were young men with a history of severe head injury. The clinical
      manifestations were massive epistaxis and an ipsilateral cavernous sinus
      syndrome. The diagnosis was made correctly by carotid angiography. All of the
      patients developed another episode of massive epistaxis after admission.
      Emergency trapping of the internal carotid artery was performed. An urgent rescue
      method was used in one of our patients to prevent exsanguination before
      definitive surgical treatment. One patient died of exsanguination in spite of
      emergency ligation of the internal carotid artery. In the other four patients, no
      epistaxis was experienced after the operation.

PMID- 4058692
TI  - Comparison of the failure biomechanics of spinal fixation devices.
AB  - The failure biomechanics of Harrington distraction rods, modified Weiss springs,
      and Luque rods were studied in intact cadavers and isolated spinal columns using
      flexion-compression loading. Most spines fractured at T-11 or T-12 at applied
      loads ranging between 556 and 4220 newtons (mean = 1833 N). After Harrington
      distraction rod placement, the same spines failed at a mean load of 859 N (42% of
      control), always as a result of hook extrusion and often including lamina
      fracture (seven cases). When modified Weiss springs were used, the spines failed
      at a mean load of 1128 N (54% of control) by allowing the spine to bend to the
      initial failure angle; in most instances, deformities resolved when the load was
      reduced. Luque rods were tested in four specimens; these provided the most rigid
      stabilization and failed at 83% of control values. Modified Weiss springs often
      maintain spinal stability better than Harrington distraction rods.

PMID- 4058693
TI  - Noninvasive intracranial pressure monitoring.
AB  - Because skull elasticity has been demonstrated (through holographic
      interferometry), the assumption was made that even a small change in intracranial
      hydrostatic pressure might change the bitemporal diameter of the skull
      measurably. The authors devised a relatively noninvasive instrument for measuring
      skull diameter changes with changing intracranial pressure and evaluated its
      performance in cadavers and dogs, with encouraging results. With this method of
      measuring intracranial pressure, changes in pressure of as little as 2 mm Hg can
      be detected. The method measures relative rather than absolute pressure; it is
      postulated that this shortcoming can be overcome through further effort.

PMID- 4058694
TI  - Microsurgery for giant craniopharyngiomas in children.
AB  - The authors report 20 cases of giant craniopharyngioma in children operated on
      during the 6-year period from 1978 through 1984. The tumor size (maximal
      diameter) ranged from 5 to 11 cm. These patients presented with increased
      intracranial pressure, severe visual loss, and neurological and endocrinological
      deficits. Tumor growth had occurred in several directions, causing displacement
      of the circle of Willis, the optic apparatus, and the hypothalamus, as well as
      encroachment into the interpeduncular and prepontine cisterns and into the
      frontal, temporal, and posterior fossae. The surgical technique for total removal
      of these giant tumors in the last 10 cases is described. Emphasis is placed on
      the use of microsurgical technique during the first operation, close
      endocrinological follow-up, and early reevaluation by computed tomographic
      scanning.

PMID- 4058695
TI  - Naloxone enhances cerebral reactive hyperemia in the rat.
AB  - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the rat was monitored by a venous outflow technique
      with an extracorporeal circulation, which allows for the continuous recording of
      CBF over several hours. Morphine and the opiate antagonist, naloxone, were tested
      for their effects on the reactive hyperemia that follows a brief anoxic
      challenge. Morphine (5.0 mg/kg) significantly reduced the peak increase in flow
      during the hyperemia and, at both of the doses used (1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg), caused a
      small, nonsignificant increase in the duration of the reactive hyperemia.
      Naloxone (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg) enhanced basal CBF rates and significantly prolonged
      the duration of the reactive hyperemia. These effects of naloxone may account for
      its beneficial effects in the treatment of cerebral ischemia.

PMID- 4058696
TI  - Expanded role of the cerebrospinal fluid reservoir in neurooncology: indications,
      causes of revision, and complications.
AB  - Advances in chemotherapy have increased the indications for insertion of
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reservoirs in the treatment of both primary and
      secondary central nervous system neoplasia. There have been no recent evaluations
      of the current indications and complications of this procedure in a general
      neurooncology practice. We undertook a retrospective review of our total
      experience of 60 patients who were implanted with CSF reservoirs between November
      1977 and October 1983. The mean age of those implanted was 38 years (range, 22
      months to 79 years). The reasons for insertion were: drug instillation, 35 cases
      (58.3%); drug level monitoring, 15 cases (25.0%); intermittent tumor cyst
      drainage, 6 cases (15.0%); and syrinx drainage, 1 case (1.6%). Drug level
      monitoring was most often done in conjunction with specific experimental
      chemotherapy protocols. There were no complications after primary insertion, but
      9 of 60 reservoirs (15%) required revision for technical failure. Revision was
      much more likely to occur in the presence of an intracranial mass lesion (7 of
      34, or 20.5%). The revision rate in cases of meningeal carcinomatosis was only
      7.6% (2 of 26). Patients requiring revision included 5 with glioblastoma, 2 with
      metastatic tumors, and 2 with meningeal carcinomatosis. Four of the 9 patients
      requiring revisions developed complications (44%). There were three infections
      with positive CSF cultures and one subdural hematoma. Infected patients included
      those with multiple craniotomies, prior cranial irradiation, or some form of
      chemotherapy. We conclude that primary insertion of a CSF reservoir in a patient
      with neoplastic involvement of the central nervous system is extremely safe, that
      technical failure tends to occur in the presence of mass lesions, and that the
      complication rate of repeated insertion is quite high.

PMID- 4058697
TI  - Neuropsychological outcome after severe pediatric near-drowning.
AB  - Between April 1979 and August 1983, 49 nearly drowned children in serious
      condition were admitted to Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles (CHLA) with Glasgow
      coma scores of 3, 4, or 5 and underwent intracranial pressure monitoring and
      brain resuscitative therapy. Of the 49 patients, 29 (59%) died in the hospital 1
      day to 3 months after admission, 13 (27%) were discharged in vegetative states,
      and 7 (14%) made good recoveries. No patient made a partial neurological
      recovery. The sustained mean highest intracranial pressure was significantly
      higher and the sustained lowest cerebral perfusion pressure was significantly
      lower for those who died than for survivors (P less than 0.05), but these data
      did not significantly distinguish between intact and vegetative survivors.
      Pupillary reactivity noted on arrival at CHLA also significantly discriminated
      survivors and fatalities (P less than 0.05), but not between intact and
      vegetative survivors. The presence of any motor activity after arrival at CHLA,
      even posturing or twitching, indicated a significant chance for intact survival
      (P less than 0.05), although such activity did not discriminate between death and
      vegetative survival. Extensive neuropsychological testing indicated that the
      apparently intact recovered patients generally showed nearly average levels of
      cognitive functioning, with mild residual gross motor and coordination deficits.

PMID- 4058698
TI  - Computed tomographic grading with Hounsfield number related to delayed vasospasm
      in cases of ruptured cerebral aneurysm.
AB  - The relationship between cisternal high density calculated by Hounsfield number
      (HN) in computed tomography and the subsequent development of cerebral infarction
      due to delayed vasospasm was studied retrospectively in 36 cases of ruptured
      cerebral aneurysm. All patients were hospitalized within 24 hours and underwent
      operation within 48 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Extensive removal of
      cisternal blood clots was carried out after obliteration of the aneurysm. The
      patients were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of vasospasm.
      In the group without vasospasm, the average HN was 65.7 preoperatively; after
      operation, the HN declined significantly to 62.2. In the group with vasospasm,
      the average HN was 77.6 preoperatively and 77.5 postoperatively. The relation
      between HN in postoperative computed tomography and vasospasm was as follows.
      When HN was 68 or less, vasospasm did not occur in any case. When HN ranged from
      68 to 73, the incidence of vasospasm was 50%. When HN was 73 or more, vasospasm
      occurred in all cases. We propose a new system using HN to predict the incidence
      of vasospasm. This system is useful in deciding the timing of operation and
      determining the amount and location of clots to be removed.

PMID- 4058699
TI  - Topographic electroencephalographic study with power ratio index mapping in
      patients with malignant brain tumors.
AB  - A variant of electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectral mapping called power ratio
      index (PRI) mapping was used to monitor 15 patients with malignant brain tumors.
      This index is generated by dividing the low frequency (delta, theta) power by the
      high frequency (alpha, beta) power. Because the nonparoxysmal effect of a brain
      tumor on the EEG is reflected as a relative loss of high frequency power and a
      gain in low frequency power, utilization of the PRI has the effect of placing the
      epicenter of the "power dysfunction" coincident with the epicenter of the tumor.

PMID- 4058700
TI  - Central herniation revealed by focal decrease in blood flow without elevation of
      intracranial pressure: a case report.
AB  - Until recently, in standard hospital settings the tissue blood supply could be
      inferred only from indirect measures such as assessment of the clinical signs and
      intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. This critical parameter can now be imaged
      directly with stable xenon-enhanced computed tomographic (CT) imaging. The
      procedure requires only an additional 10 minutes after a standard head study, yet
      it provides potentially vital information about tissue perfusion. We describe
      here a patient in whom a frontal lobe hematoma produced a direct mass effect,
      causing an element of central herniation with relative sparing of lateral and
      posterior cortical regions. Although the ICP recordings remained unchanged,
      symptoms of brain stem compression became apparent. Xenon/CT cerebral blood flow
      (CBF) mapping demonstrated a flow decrease mainly within the left frontal lobe
      and throughout central ganglionic structures. After removal of the left frontal
      hematoma, both clinical status and local and central flow improved. Because the
      xenon/CT method combines direct anatomical information with blood flow
      information in one examination, it may be a valuable clinical tool in providing a
      better understanding of pathophysiology in patients with head injuries and other
      mass lesions.

PMID- 4058701
TI  - Traumatic subarachnoid-pleural fistula.
AB  - Subarachnoid-pleural fistula is a rare condition; only 18 cases have been
      reported. The 19th case of subarachnoid-pleural fistula, which followed a small
      caliber gunshot wound, is reported. Diagnosis was made via radionuclide scan, and
      primary operative repair was necessitated by the failure of conservative
      management. A review of the literature reveals several means of diagnosing this
      disorder, as well as a number of management alternatives.

PMID- 4058702
TI  - Subacute diencephalic necrosis and dural arteriovenous malformation.
AB  - We report a case of congestive venous necrosis involving the diencephalon
      symmetrically, presumably precipitated by a dural arteriovenous malformation
      (AVM). The patient presented with a 1-month history of intermittent confusion and
      gait ataxia. The initial radiological work-up revealed a dural AVM. The patient's
      subsequent deterioration was accompanied by computed tomographic findings of
      diencephalic congestion. Pathological examination showed subacute necrosis of the
      diencephalon. We discuss the pathogenesis of this case of subacute diencephalic
      necorsis and its possible relationship to the entity of subacute diencephalic
      angioencephalopathy.

PMID- 4058703
TI  - Symptomatic Rathke's cleft cyst with pituitary adenoma: case report.
AB  - A rare case of a pituitary adenoma found in association with a symptomatic
      Rathke's cleft cyst in a 34-year-old women presenting with headaches, visual
      symptoms, and amenorrhea is described. The diagnostic evaluation and operative
      treatment of these coincident lesions are discussed.

PMID- 4058704
TI  - Surgical treatment of V1 trigeminal neuralgia: technical refinement.
AB  - A refinement in surgical technique for supraorbital and supratrochlear nerve
      avulsion for trigeminal neuralgia is presented. This modification uses an upper
      lid "blepharoplasty" incision.

PMID- 4058705
TI  - Signal detection analysis of residual vision in a field defect due to a post
      geniculate lesion.
AB  - A patient's ability to discriminate between 'blank trials' and small visual
      targets presented tachistoscopically within his blind hemifield was tested at
      five positions within the scotoma. For each position a Receiver-Operating
      Characteristic curve (ROC) was determined. Results show the patient's
      discrimination between the target and no-target conditions to be better than
      expected by guessing at three positions along the horizontal meridian, whereas in
      the natural Blind Spot within the scotoma no significant discrimination is found.
      Thus, light scatter produced by the visual target cannot explain the observed
      residual vision. At least three anatomical pathways could be responsible for the
      discrimination: the retino-collicular projection, the retino-geniculo-striatal
      projection, and the retino-geniculo-extrastriatal projection.

PMID- 4058706
TI  - Deficits on conditional associative-learning tasks after frontal- and temporal
      lobe lesions in man.
AB  - Patients with unilateral frontal- or temporal-lobe excisions were tested on a
      spatial and a nonspatial conditional associative task. These tasks required the
      learning of arbitrary associations between a set of stimuli and a set of
      responses. Patients with excisions from the left or right frontal cortex were
      severely impaired in learning both tasks. Patients with left or right temporal
      lobe excisions that did not involve extensive damage to the hippocampal region
      were not impaired, whilst those with more radical involvement of the hippocampal
      region exhibited deficits that were material-specific and varied with the side of
      the lesion.

PMID- 4058707
TI  - The perceptual priming phenomenon in amnesia.
AB  - Alcoholic Korsakoff patients and controls were given three variants of a priming
      task. In the first task, a study list of words was followed by a recognition test
      phase and then a perceptual identification test phase. In the second task, the
      order of the two test phases was reversed. The amnesics performed like normals on
      the priming for identification task and the delay did not affect their
      performance. However, recognition by amnesics was significantly impaired when the
      delay was introduced; although it too was normal with no delay. In a third task,
      pseudowords were used as stimuli. Under these conditions the amnesics could not
      be primed nor could they recognize the material. The implications of these
      findings for current theories of amnesia were discussed.

PMID- 4058708
TI  - Rates of forgetting in Alzheimer-type dementia and Korsakoff's syndrome.
AB  - After initial learning had been equated as closely as possible, 16 Alzheimer-type
      dementing patients showed the same rate of forgetting on a picture recognition
      test administered at intervals over the course of a week as 16 Korsakoff patients
      and 16 healthy controls. This suggested that the anterograde amnesic deficit in
      both Alzheimer's disease and Korsakoff's syndrome is primarily an acquisition or
      learning deficit. The Alzheimer patients differed from both the Korsakoff
      patients and the healthy controls in showing diminished digit span and severely
      impaired performance at the Brown-Peterson test, implicating a deficit of short
      term (or working) memory. The variability of performance within groups on the
      principal tests employed was also examined; and the Alzheimer results are
      discussed with respect to the underlying neuropathology, and the implication for
      pharmacotherapy.

PMID- 4058709
TI  - Category specific phonological dysgraphia.
AB  - The present case study describes a phonological dysgraphic with intact
      comprehension who had difficulties spelling certain classes of words. Nouns were
      easier than adjectives which in turn were easier than verbs and function words. A
      difference between verbs and nouns remained even when level of concreteness was
      controlled. The findings are discussed in relation to current models of the
      organization of spelling in relation to other cognitive skills.

PMID- 4058710
TI  - Sex differences in odor identification ability: a cross-cultural analysis.
AB  - To ascertain the generality of a sex difference noted in odor identification
      ability, the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was
      administered to four groups of subjects: Black Americans (n = 438), White
      Americans (n = 1559), Korean Americans (n = 106), and Native Japanese (n = 308).
      The women of all four groups outperformed the men to the same relative degree.
      The Korean American group performed better than the Black and White American
      groups, which, in turn, outperformed the Native Japanese. Analyses of the
      proportions of subjects correctly answering each of the test items revealed
      considerable similarity of relative item difficulty among the subject groups.
      Taken together, these data suggest that sex differences in odor identification
      ability are probably not due to ethnic or cultural factors, per se.

PMID- 4058711
TI  - Interhemispheric collaboration in response to simultaneous bilateral input.
AB  - Two experiments tested whether processing is speeded when inputs are divided
      between the hemispheres rather than projected to a single hemisphere. Bilateral
      (bihemispheric) vs unilateral (single hemisphere) word pairs were
      tachistoscopically presented. Subjects responded when the words semantically
      matched. Irrespective of distance, visual angle and compatibility with reading
      biases, bilateral/bihemispheric performance was as fast as the better of the two
      individual unilateral/single hemisphere conditions and faster than their average.
      This pattern occurred only at the beginning of each experiment. With practice,
      performance significantly improved in the single but not the bihemispheric
      conditions. The excellent initial performance during the bihemispheric condition
      and its lack of improvement with practice are discussed with reference to models
      of interhemispheric collaboration.

PMID- 4058712
TI  - Deep dyslexia and the right-hemisphere hypothesis for semantic paralexia: a reply
      to Marshall and Patterson.
AB  - Studies of deep dyslexia have conferred prominence upon observations of semantic
      paralexia (e.g. reading "town" as "city"). Landis et al. (Neuropsychologia 21,
      359-364, 1983) have reported evidence indicating that such errors arise in the
      right hemisphere. However, Marshall and Patterson (Neuropsychologia 21, 425-427,
      1983) have advanced both empirical and theoretical arguments against this
      interpretation: the present paper examines these arguments and finds them
      seriously flawed. It therefore concludes in favour of the right-hemisphere
      hypothesis for semantic paralexia.

PMID- 4058713
TI  - Left is still left for semantic paralexias: a reply to Jones and Martin (1985)

PMID- 4058714
TI  - The effect of visual guidance and hemispace on lateralized vocal-manual
      interference.
AB  - When right-handers speak while performing manually, their right-hand performance
      declines disproportionately to their left. The present study shows that this is
      true for a sequentially homogeneous activity--repetitive single finger tapping;
      does not depend on the hemispace location of the performing hand; is not
      abolished by viewing the performing hand; and is not an artifact of trade-off
      with rate of concurrent speech production. These findings contradict some
      suggested models for such effects.

PMID- 4058715
TI  - Dissociation between reading and written spelling in two Italian children:
      dyslexia without dysgraphia?
AB  - The reading and writing to dictation skills of two mentally retarded Italian boys
      were tested. In both cases, written spelling was greatly superior to reading,
      despite the fact that visual acuity was within normal limits and simple visual
      matching tasks were performed well. Phenotypically, these developmental cases are
      analogous to cases of acquired alexia without agraphia.

PMID- 4058716
TI  - Bilateral disturbances of perception function of the brain in patients with
      unilateral disorders as a result of acute disturbances of cerebral circulation.

PMID- 4058717
TI  - Evolutionary and genetic problems of animal and human behavior.

PMID- 4058718
TI  - Quantitative evaluation of musculoarticular sensitivity associated with focal
      injuries of the brain.

PMID- 4058719
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in the brain of rats that have suffered acute emotional
      stress.

PMID- 4058720
TI  - Organization of receptive fields of tonic and phasic neurons of the pulvinar in
      the cat.
AB  - The receptive fields (RF) of 163 neurons of the pulvinar were investigated by the
      method of point testing the RF surface with a stationary, flashing light spot.
      The RFs of 26% of the neurons were characterized by a phasic pattern of response
      in all regions studied, while the RFs of 15% of the neurons consisted of only
      tonic elements. A complex RF organization, consisting of tonic and phasic
      subfields, was characteristic of 59% of the neurons. On the basis of this fact
      the postulate is advanced concerning the convergence of two types of afferents on
      a single pulvinar neuron. The cell population receiving inputs from purely tonic
      or purely phasic afferents comprises 41% of all cells investigated. The
      measurement of the latent periods of neuron responses to a stationary, flashing
      light spot showed that neurons with a phasic type of response are distinguished
      by a shorter latent period compared to neurons with tonic and mixed types of
      responses.

PMID- 4058721
TI  - Spatial distribution of activity of the neurons of the visual cortex during
      stimulation with a flash of diffused light.
AB  - At different stages in the development of the response to a flash of diffused
      light, groupings of excited neurons in field 17 of the guinea pig continue to
      occur within the same cortical microzones. These zones are separated from
      neighboring microzones by narrow inhibition zones. The ensembles of cells
      participating in excitation form columns tapering with depth. The groupings of
      excited cells noted during a silent break indicates a grouping of inhibitory
      neurons. Three subgroups are distinguished within the ensembles according to the
      average dynamics of their impulse activity; the groups are reciprocally
      interrelated. One of the subgroups is in the lower layers of the cortex. This
      subgroup is characterized by stably localized foci of maximal activity; their
      dynamics, apparently reflecting groupings of corticofugal neurons, are sharply
      distinguished from the subgroups of the middle layers. The ensembles under
      investigation are considered to be one of the forms of activity of the structural
      morphological units in the cortex.

PMID- 4058722
TI  - Cortico-striatal relations under conditions of interaction of monomodal afferent
      volleys.
AB  - Evoked potentials in response to a combination of electrostimulation of both
      anterior extremities were investigated under conditions of a chronic experiment
      on monkeys in the head of the caudate nucleus and frontal and somatosensory
      cortex. Three types of interaction of afferent volleys evoked by spontaneous
      stimulation were noted: facilitation, summation, and depression. A high degree of
      correlation of the responses in the head of the caudate nucleus with the
      responses in the frontal cortex was noted. The role of the frontal and
      somatosensory cortex in the formation of sensory responses in the caudate nucleus
      is compared.

PMID- 4058723
TI  - Eye movements in the cat evoked by electrical stimulation of the outer geniculate
      body.
AB  - New data were obtained in experiments with unanesthetized animals showing that
      electrical stimulation of the structures of the outer geniculate body of the cat
      elicits goal-directed eye movements. Relationships were found between eye
      movement amplitude and direction and the position of the eye at the instant of
      stimulation, as well as the position of the stimulating electrodes in the outer
      geniculate body. A scheme is proposed for the multilevel interaction of the
      visual and oculomotor systems during their functioning, and a possible relation
      is discussed between the described phenomenon and the mechanisms responsible for
      the foveation of objects during their recognition.

PMID- 4058724
TI  - The pattern of response of the inferior colliculus of the cat during the movement
      of a sound source.
AB  - During the application of a train of clicks simulating the movement of a sound
      source, evoked potentials (EP) of the inferior colliculus gradually changed their
      amplitude and form ("the movement effect") in 82% of the instances tested. The
      expression of the ipsilateral movement effect was on the average 1.5 times
      greater than the contralateral. The movement effect was observed over a wide
      range of velocities; but, in 65% of the instances, the effect was observed at
      movement velocities not less than 3.5 rad/sec. Velocities higher than 6.8 rad/sec
      were most effective in 78% of the instances. Differences in responses were
      discovered in 26% of the instances involving opposite directions of sound source
      movement. The movement effect depended substantially upon the site of the EP
      sampling.

PMID- 4058725
TI  - Cytoarchitectonic and quantitative characteristics of cell groups of layer IV of
      the rat cerebral cortex in the region of representation of vibrissae.

PMID- 4058726
TI  - Formation of connections between the raphe nuclei and hippocampus in tissue
      culture (intra vitam functional-morphological investigations).

PMID- 4058727
TI  - Functional rearrangements of the ultrastructure of the giant (Retzius') neuron of
      the medicinal leech and possible role of Ca++ ions in these processes.

PMID- 4058728
TI  - Age characteristics of the efferent innervation of the pia mater arteries in the
      human brain.

PMID- 4058729
TI  - Reorganization of the red nucleus synaptoarchitecture after destruction of the
      cortical motor area in the rat cerebral hemispheres.

PMID- 4058730
TI  - Radiology of the ambient cistern. Part I: Normal.
AB  - The angiographic and high-resolution, thin-section CT appearance of the normal
      ambient cistern is correlated with anatomic dissections and sections of normal,
      formalin-fixed cadaver brains. Each of three separate anatomic segments of the
      ambient cistern--the supratentorial segment, the tentorial edge and the
      subtentorial segment--has a characteristic CT appearance that can be correlated
      with specific vascular structures on routine angiography.

PMID- 4058731
TI  - Aspects of the anatomy of the cerebellum on computed tomography.
AB  - The salient features of the normal CT anatomy of the various lobules of the
      cerebellar hemispheres and vermis are described. The subdivisions of the vermis
      were found to be most constant. The surface appearance of the hemisphere lobules
      was also relatively constant; however, at CT these fissures are imaged at depth
      and this constancy is not reflected in CT images because folia cross the depths
      of the major sulci from one lobule to the other in a highly variable manner. The
      flocculus has been confused with the anterior angle of the cerebellum, and the
      cerebellar tonsils with the biventral lobule.

PMID- 4058732
TI  - Morphology and measurements of the cervical spinal cord in computer-assisted
      myelography.
AB  - Thirty-six control subjects had computer assisted myelography (CAM) using the EMI
      CT 5005 scanner. The normal cervical cord is elliptical, more circular at the
      upper and lower ends and flatter in the mid-segments. Asymptomatic cord
      deformities, usually mild, were present in nine subjects (25%). Four
      measurements, namely, sagittal diameter (APD), transverse diameter (TD), area (a)
      and circumference (c) were made and two more parameters calculated i.e. APD/TD
      ratio and circularity (= 4 pi a/c2). These control values form the basis of
      qualitative and quantitative assessment of cord deformity. When cord measurements
      are to be used, control values should be obtained for each scanner and procedures
      should be standardized.

PMID- 4058734
TI  - Anomalous atlantoaxial portions of vertebral and posterior inferior cerebellar
      arteries.
AB  - In a review of the vertebral angiograms of 300 patients free from disease at the
      craniovertebral junction, we found atlantoaxial arterial anomalies in 2,3%. These
      were: 2 cases in which the vertebral artery ran in the spinal canal below C1, 3
      cases of duplication of the vertebral artery above and below C1, and 2 cases of
      origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery at C2. Although these arteries
      ran in the spinal canal between C1 and C2, they never encroached upon the
      posterior third of the canal. From the survey of another 21 patients having bony
      abnormalities at the craniovertebral junction, the first type of arterial anomaly
      described above was seen in 4 patients and associated with failure of
      segmentation of the embryonic sclerotome such as occipitalization of the atlas or
      Klippel-Feil syndrome. It is possible to relate the development of these
      anomalous vessels to malarrangement of the embryonic segmental arteries. Our
      results indicate that one must be cautious with lateral C1/2 puncture or surgical
      exposure of the region.

PMID- 4058733
TI  - High resolution CT of Meckel's cave.
AB  - High resolution CT of the parasellar region was carried out in 50 patients
      studied for suspected pituitary microadenoma, but who showed normal pituitary
      gland or microadenoma on CT. This control group of patients all showed an
      ellipsoid low-density area in the posterior parasellar region. Knowledge of the
      gross anatomy and correlation with metrizamide cisternography suggest that the
      low density region represents Meckel's cave, rather than just the trigeminal
      ganglion alone. Though there is considerable variation in the size of Meckel's
      cave in different patients as well as the two sides of the same patient, the
      rather constant ellipsoid configuration of the cave in normal subjects will aid
      in diagnosing small pathological lesions, thereby obviating more invasive
      cisternography via the transovale or lumbar route. Patients with "idiopathic" tic
      douloureux do not show a Meckel's cave significantly different from the control
      group.

PMID- 4058735
TI  - Neuroradiological study of hemangiopericytomas.
AB  - The authors report four cases of hemangiopericytoma. The preoperative diagnosis
      is strongly suggested by the use of selective angiography and post-iodine CT scan
      which provide images often rather similar to highly vascularized meningiomas.

PMID- 4058736
TI  - Bony metastases from malignant intra-cranial astrocytoma.
AB  - Extra-cranial skeletal metastases from primary intra-cranial gliomas are very
      rare. A case is reported of a patient who developed widespread skeletal deposits
      fifteen months after the excision of a cystic frontal astrocytoma.

PMID- 4058737
TI  - Report of two cases of spontaneous direct carotid-cavernous fistula. Diagnostic
      and therapeutic considerations.
AB  - Spontaneous fistulas presenting as direct communication between the carotid
      siphon and cavernous sinus are very rare. They occurred in two patients where a
      dissection as possible cause is discussed. The diagnostic and therapeutic aspects
      are described.

PMID- 4058738
TI  - Progressive CT changes in cerebral arterial dolichoectasia.
AB  - A case of marked bilateral cerebral arterial dolichoectasia associated with a
      posterior communicating artery aneurysm is presented. Progressive worsening of
      the ectasia is shown by successive computed tomographic and arteriographic
      examinations.

PMID- 4058739
TI  - Computed tomography in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
AB  - Three patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome were reported. Unusual findings on
      computed tomography were seen in two of the three patients. One case showed
      peculiar and marked dilatation of the 4th ventricle, supracerebellar cistern and
      lateral ventricle. The other case presented disproportionate enlargement of the
      anterior horn of the lateral ventricle. These CT findings in the two patients
      suggest that developmental abnormalities may constitute a structural defect.

PMID- 4058740
TI  - Spasticity complicating metrizamide myelography.
AB  - Temporary but considerable increase in spasticity following myelography using
      metrizamide at 300 mgs I/ml concentration occurred in 4 patients. In 3 of the
      patients the diagnosis is uncertain, but it is likely to be some form of
      degenerative disease involving motor pathways in two of them; the fourth case has
      cervical spondylotic myelopathy. The spasticity might be related to the
      anticholinesterase activity of metrizamide or to competitive inhibition of
      endogenous glucose metabolism by the deoxyglucose component of the metrizamide
      molecule.

PMID- 4058741
TI  - Transient encephalopathy after local application of methotrexate.

PMID- 4058742
TI  - Intracranial venous thrombosis in Behcet's syndrome.

PMID- 4058743
TI  - Patterns of seizure activation after withdrawal of antiepileptic medication.
AB  - Effects of withdrawal of anticonvulsant drugs on the temporal profile of
      occurrence and the type of seizures were investigated in 40 intractable epileptic
      patients who were candidates for surgical treatment. EEG and behavior were
      monitored while drugs were reduced to allow localization of the epileptogenic
      region. The rapid withdrawal of drugs caused a rebound effect, triggering either
      generalized seizures during a brief period or a longer-lasting increase in
      partial seizures. These increases in seizure frequency appeared related to change
      in dosage rather than to dosage itself, since they remained largely confined to
      the early period following reduction of an anticonvulsant.

PMID- 4058744
TI  - Clinical subtypes of dementia of the Alzheimer type.
AB  - Clinical subtypes of dementia of the Alzheimer type were evaluated by comparing
      age at onset, aphasia, family history, and motor disorder in 146 individuals with
      progressive dementia. Early onset was significantly associated with more
      prevalent and more severe language disorder. Forty-five percent of all probands
      had familial history of dementia, but we could not differentiate relative
      familial risk based on age at onset or aphasia. Independent of duration of
      illness, myoclonus and noniatrogenic extrapyramidal disorder were associated with
      greater severity of dementia.

PMID- 4058745
TI  - Ruptured aneurysms of anterior cerebral or anterior communicating arteries: CT
      patterns.
AB  - We reviewed the CT findings in 40 patients with ruptured aneurysms of the
      anterior cerebral or anterior communicating arteries. Within 3 days of the ictus,
      the common patterns included blood in the pericallosal cistern and
      interhemispheric fissure, blood in the caval-septal region, unilateral or
      bilateral frontal hematoma, and diffuse symmetric intraventricular and basal
      cisternal blood. In 6 of 23 patients with postcontrast studies, an abnormal
      enhancing region delineated the aneurysmal sac.

PMID- 4058746
TI  - Reliability and accuracy of localization by scalp ictal EEG.
AB  - One hundred forty-four scalp ictal EEGs from 54 patients were analyzed
      independently by three electroencephalographers for side and lobe of seizure
      onset. Observers did not know the patients' identities. Accuracy was determined
      by depth EEG. We found 58 to 60% agreement between observers for lobe, and 64 to
      74% for side, of seizure onset; 21 to 38% agreement with depth EEG for lobe, and
      46 to 49% agreement for side, of seizure onset; best accuracy for lateralization
      of seizure onset in temporal lobe seizures, but erroneous in 3 to 17%. More
      formal criteria are needed before scalp ictal records can be used reliably or
      accurately for localization.

PMID- 4058747
TI  - Freeze-fracture studies of muscle plasma membrane in Fukuyama-type congenital
      muscular dystrophy.
AB  - We used freeze-fracture to study muscle plasma membrane in six patients with
      Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy and six control children. In the
      patients, there was significantly fewer intramembranous particles (IMPs) and
      orthogonal arrays in the P face, with less conspicuous depletion of IMPs in E
      face. However, the density of caveolae was not affected.

PMID- 4058748
TI  - Colpocephaly: clinical, radiologic, and pathogenetic aspects.
AB  - Colpocephaly is an anatomic finding in the brain manifested by occipital horns
      that are disproportionately enlarged in comparison with other parts of the
      lateral ventricles. It has been considered to result from localized outpocketing
      of the ventricular cavity due to failure of thickening of overlying brain. Four
      new cases are presented here, including a child of near-normal development who
      appears to be the first reported case of colpocephaly with an associated
      chromosomal anomaly. Our patients support the view that colpocephaly is a
      disorder of diverse causation that can arise from a variety of degenerative or
      encephaloclastic insults to the developing brain.

PMID- 4058749
TI  - Carpal tunnel syndrome: role of carpal canal size.
AB  - Carpal canal size was examined as a risk factor associated with carpal tunnel
      syndrome in the workplace. Seven of 14 electricians had symptomatic carpal tunnel
      syndrome. On measuring cross-sectional areas by CT, affected workers had a cross
      sectional area of 1.75 +/- 0.21 cm2; control values were 2.53 +/- 0.15 cm2 (p
      less than 0.05). Individuals with a subclinical syndrome had an area of 1.83 +/-
      0.22 cm2, similar to the symptomatic group. Wrist circumference was not a
      predictor of smallest carpal canal area. Unusual bony and soft tissue structures
      within the carpal canal were easily identified with CT.

PMID- 4058750
TI  - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: measles virus matrix protein nucleic acid
      sequences detected by in situ hybridization.
AB  - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is characterized by a hyperimmune
      state toward the polypeptides of measles virus except the matrix (M) protein.
      Using cloned (3H)-labeled complementary DNA probes for in situ hybridization, we
      found the M protein and nucleocapsid (NP) protein nucleotide sequences in glial
      cells and neurons of cryostat sections from two SSPE brains. In one SSPE brain, M
      protein was lacking, but the other measles polypeptides were present. IgG and IgM
      antibodies eluted from that brain lacked antibodies to M protein, but antibodies
      to other measles polypeptides were present. In SSPE brain, the viral M-protein
      defect is not a deletion of the M gene, but rather a block in gene expression.

PMID- 4058751
TI  - Dexamethasone treatment of brain tumor patients: effects on regional cerebral
      blood flow, blood volume, and oxygen utilization.
AB  - Regional values for cerebral blood flow, blood volume, oxygen extraction
      fraction, and oxygen utilization were measured, using PET, in 10 brain tumor
      patients before and after treatment with dexamethasone. Dexamethasone treatment
      decreased cerebral blood flow and blood volume and increased the fractional
      extraction of oxygen throughout the brain without affecting oxygen utilization.
      Dexamethasone probably causes direct vasoconstriction of cerebral blood vessels.

PMID- 4058752
TI  - Dysthyroid orbitopathy.
AB  - Dysthyroid orbitopathy often presents with the classical signs and symptoms of
      hyperthyroidism with or without pretibial myxedema. However, it may start
      insidiously without a history of thyroid disease and without clinical signs of
      hyperthyroidism. The signs or symptoms may be confusing and mimic neurologic
      disease. The therapy of dysthyroid orbitopathy is becoming more accurately
      individualized, but is not yet directed at the immunologic cause.

PMID- 4058753
TI  - Parkinson's disease and hypertension: chronic bromocriptine treatment.
AB  - We studied the effects of bromocriptine therapy (mean dosage, 56.0 mg daily) for
      12 months in five patients with both Parkinson's disease and hypertension.
      Therapy improved neurologic manifestations and reduced both supine and standing
      systolic blood pressures and standing diastolic blood pressure with no consistent
      change in heart rate. Transient episodes of orthostatic hypotension appeared in
      two cases. Domperidone (60 mg daily for 1 month) did not abolish the
      antihypertensive effect of bromocriptine, suggesting that central dopaminergic or
      alpha-adrenolytic mechanisms are involved in this effect. Bromocriptine may be
      useful in the treatment of hypertension in patients with Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 4058754
TI  - Locked-in syndrome due to tentorial herniation.
AB  - A 28-year-old man had a chronic locked-in syndrome following tentorial herniation
      caused by an epidural hematoma. Postmortem examination revealed bilateral
      corticospinal tract degeneration caudal to the midbrain, with infarction of the
      right internal capsule just rostral to the cerebral peduncle and pressure
      necrosis of the pyramidal portion of the left cerebral peduncle.

PMID- 4058756
TI  - Epilepsy after a first unprovoked seizure in childhood.
AB  - One hundred sixty-eight children with an initial afebrile, unprovoked seizure
      were identified from a regional EEG laboratory. This case-finding method seemed
      justified because 86% of regional physicians indicated they order an EEG after a
      first seizure. Clinical information and recurrence rate were determined from
      records and telephone calls. Eighty-one percent had been seen by a pediatric
      neurologist. Overall, 51.8% recurred, and of those with a recurrence, 79% had
      additional seizures. Recurrence rates were highest in those with abnormal
      neurologic examination, focal spikes on EEG, and complex partial seizures. The
      lowest rates of recurrence followed a generalized tonic-clonic seizure, with
      normal EEG and normal neurologic examination. Prescription of anticonvulsants did
      not alter the recurrence rate.

PMID- 4058755
TI  - Fungal infections of the central nervous system: comparative analysis of risk
      factors and clinical signs in 57 patients.
AB  - Risk factors and clinical manifestations of fungal infections of the CNS were
      analyzed in 57 autopsied patients. Aspergillosis occurred in 16, candidiasis in
      27, and cryptococcosis in 14. Nine of 31 variables studied showed significant
      difference (p less than 0.01). Cryptococcosis was community-acquired in 93%;
      whereas, aspergillosis and candidiasis were nosocomial in more than 95%. Focal
      neurologic deficits developed in 50% with CNS aspergillosis, but in only 4% with
      candidiasis. Meningeal signs occurred in 86% with CNS cryptococcosis, but in only
      6% with aspergillosis and 7% with candidiasis. Discriminant analysis demonstrated
      that CNS aspergillosis was most frequently a nosocomial infection with focal
      neurologic deficits, pulmonary infiltrates, and hypercortisolemia. Cryptococcosis
      was generally a non-nosocomial infection with meningeal signs presenting in an
      ambulatory population. CNS candidiasis was a clinically occult nosocomial fungal
      infection with generally no deficits or meningismus, occurring most frequently in
      the neonate, the elderly, and surgical patients. The discriminant functions,
      which correctly classified 91% of these CNS fungal infections, may be applicable
      in clinical diagnosis.

PMID- 4058757
TI  - Tremor in chronic alcoholism.
AB  - We examined 100 alcoholics who had had no alcohol for more than 21 days, 100
      controls, and 50 patients with essential tremor. Three percent of the controls
      and 47% of the alcoholics had a postural tremor. Alcoholic tremor was never
      severe, and functional disability occurred in only 17% of patients. There was no
      relation to age or duration of drinking, and only 1% of the alcoholics had a
      family history of tremor compared with 46% in essential tremor. Tremor frequency
      was significantly greater in the alcoholics than in essential tremor. Propranolol
      therapy decreased tremor more in the alcoholics than in essential tremor. The
      tremor of chronic alcoholism differs from essential tremor.

PMID- 4058758
TI  - Guillain-Barre syndrome: management of respiratory failure.
AB  - Nineteen of 38 consecutive patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome were treated
      with mechanical ventilation in a neurological ICU. A ventilator was used for
      expiratory vital capacity (VC) below 12 to 15 ml/kg or arterial PO2 below 70 mm
      Hg, or clinical signs of fatigue. Artificial ventilation was discontinued when VC
      reached 8 to 10 ml/kg. Twelve patients required tracheostomy at 11 days (mean)
      after intubation. Mechanical ventilation was required for 49 days (mean).
      Complications included pneumonia in 15 patients, mostly aspiration, only 1
      severe; pulmonary embolus in 1 ventilated and 1 nonventilated patient; and
      tracheal stenosis in 1. There was one death in a previously unintubated patient
      who developed sepsis while improving from GBS, and no deaths in the 18 other
      intubated patients.

PMID- 4058759
TI  - Disseminated abnormalities of cardiovascular autonomic functions in multiple
      sclerosis.
AB  - To determine whether patients with MS had abnormalities of autonomic
      cardiovascular functions, we evaluated 22 MS patients and 20 control subjects
      with a battery of six standardized tests. The two groups differed on three tests:
      heart rate and blood pressure responses to standing, and the cold-face test. One
      half of the MS patients had abnormalities on two or more tests, but individual
      patients showed diverse abnormality patterns. Abnormalities of neural
      cardiovascular regulation are frequent in MS patients and show a heterogeneous
      pattern, consistent with scattered plaques.

PMID- 4058760
TI  - Relationship between Meige syndrome and alpha-methyldopa-induced parkinsonism.
AB  - We studied two patients with Meige syndrome who developed alpha-methyldopa
      induced parkinsonism. Opposite responses of parkinsonian and dystonic symptoms to
      antiparkinson drugs in some cases suggest a functionally reciprocal relationship
      between these disorders.

PMID- 4058761
TI  - Pattern evoked potential changes in Parkinson's disease are stimulus-dependent.

PMID- 4058762
TI  - Management of hemifacial spasm with clonazepam.

PMID- 4058763
TI  - Entrapment of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm.

PMID- 4058764
TI  - Neuroacanthocytosis syndrome and choreoacanthocytosis (Levine-Critchley syndrome)

PMID- 4058765
TI  - [Continuous subarachnoid nerve block with bupivacaine 0.25% in geriatric
      surgery].

PMID- 4058767
TI  - [Use of dantrolene in a case of severe tetanic infection].

PMID- 4058766
TI  - [Cerebral protection with barbiturates in surgery of supra-aortic trunks].

PMID- 4058768
TI  - [Evaluation of surgical risk].

PMID- 4058769
TI  - [Urinary retention secondary to a mullerian duct cyst].

PMID- 4058770
TI  - [Study of a helicopter-transported surgical nucleus].

PMID- 4058771
TI  - [Side-to-side porto-caval shunt is not always responsible for encephalopathy].

PMID- 4058772
TI  - [Physiopathology and treatment of residual and recurrent calculi of the hepatic
      duct and choledochus].

PMID- 4058773
TI  - [Oncologic maxillo-facial surgery].

PMID- 4058774
TI  - [Surgical treatment of Chilaiditi syndrome or viscero-hepato-diaphragmatic
      interposition].

PMID- 4058776
TI  - [A case of primary Echinococcus cyst of the ileo-cecal appendix].

PMID- 4058775
TI  - [Evaluation of short- and medium-term prevention with sisomicin in 2 groups of
      randomized surgical patients].

PMID- 4058777
TI  - Surgical treatment of pathological fractures caused by bone metastases.
AB  - A survey of the surgical treatment of 31 patients with metastases in the long
      bones is presented. Early diagnosis is essential to prevent pathological
      fractures in patients with a malignancy. Localized bone pain and an abnormal
      isotope bone scan or X-ray are the most reliable clues to diagnosis. Should a
      pathological fracture occur, reduction and internal fixation are indicated to
      keep the patient active and reduce pain. This was performed in 29 of the cases
      reported here. Fixation prior to fracture was carried out in six patients. The
      advantage of this strategy is that it reduces both operative risks and duration
      of hospitalization. Furthermore, it creates a more favourable situation with
      regard to preoperative diagnostic appraisal and choice of approach to improve the
      mechanical qualities of the bone involved, thus preserving function and activity.

PMID- 4058778
TI  - Medial epicondyle fractures of the humerus.
AB  - In a retrospective study 20 children with a medial epicondyle fracture of the
      elbow were evaluated. Possible pitfalls in diagnosis are described. The fate of
      the fragment after conservative as well as after operative treatment cannot be
      predicted. Nevertheless, final results were satisfactory.

PMID- 4058779
TI  - Unstable fractures and dislocations of the pelvic ring--results of treatment in
      relation to the severity of injury.
AB  - Between 1968 and 1984, III patients were treated for unstable fractures of the
      pelvic ring. Cause, incidence, accompanying local lesions, mortality, Injury
      Severity Score (ISS) and mode of treatment were retrospectively analysed. ISS and
      mortality were closely correlated. The overall mortality was 19% and the average
      ISS 53. The mortality of the conservatively treated patients was 21.8%, for the
      operative group the mortality was 8.3%, while the ISS was the same in both
      groups. From these results we conclude that unstable pelvic fractures, which are
      almost invariably associated with other serious injuries, should be treated
      aggressively by external and/or internal fixation.

PMID- 4058780
TI  - Radiopaque markers for the assessment of mechanical preoperative bowel
      preparation.

PMID- 4058781
TI  - Saphenous vein or PTFE grafts in secondary access surgery?

PMID- 4058782
TI  - [Variations in serum sialic acid in patients operated on for colonic cancer].
AB  - Various Authors believe that an increase in serum sialic acid might indicate the
      cancerisation of the membrane. Serum sialic acid was assayed pre- and post
      operatively in patients with colonic carcinoma and in a control group. Sialic
      acid concentrations were significantly higher in the cancer group and the data
      obtained confirm the view that the increase has an effect on immune response in
      tumor patients.

PMID- 4058783
TI  - [Skin metastases of lung cancer: clinical and prognostic significance].
AB  - Two cases of bronchial carcinoma with cutaneous metastasis are reported with
      emphasis on the rarity of the event, the clinical and histological aspects and
      the prognosis for such metastases.

PMID- 4058784
TI  - [Evaluation of body composition in obese subjects].
AB  - The body composition of 12 obese patients was assessed. The dilution method was
      used to assess the total areas of sodium and water. Total potassium was measured
      indirectly using the following formula: total potassium = R X total body water
      total body sodium, where R represents the contents in a whole blood sample. Both
      fat and muscle mass were found to be increased in the obese subjects. Examination
      of the total sodium/total water ratio and the relationship between weight and
      muscle mass, cellular mass and total fat showed the dimensional increase was
      harmonious.

PMID- 4058785
TI  - [Preliminary open multicenter study on the anti-tremorigenic effectiveness of
      bornaprine (Sormodren)].
AB  - Out of 1500 patients suffering from tremor of diverse origin, reliable data on
      521 were selected for analysis. The drug was given for over two months (mean
      daily dose 8 mg) and effectively reduced all kinds of tremor by an average 50%.
      The only side-effects occurring with any frequency were dryness of the mouth and
      constipation. The data collected show bornaprine to have a beneficial effect on
      all types of tremor.

PMID- 4058787
TI  - [The ethics of therapeutic experimentation are a part of scientific integrity].

PMID- 4058786
TI  - [Behavior of anti-HBc IgM in acute and chronic hepatitis].
AB  - Anti-HBV core IgM antibodies (anti-HBc IgM) were tested by RIA in the sera from
      269 patients with acute viral hepatitis (AVH), from 39 patients with chronic
      HBSAg+ hepatitis (CH) at various stage of evolution, in 41 asymptomatic HBsAg
      carriers and in 30 healthy volunteers. Anti-HBc IgM were found in 100/108 HBsAg+
      AVH, in 6/161 HBsAg--AVH, in 9/39 with CH and only 1 asymptomatic HBsAg carrier.
      Among the chronic patients with anti-HBc IgM, 3 were HBeAg+ and 6 were anti-HBe+.
      The test of anti-HBc IgM results useful in the early aetiological diagnosis of
      acute hepatitis since it is always positive in HBV acute hepatitis even in the
      subjects who early seroconvert to anti-HBs; the absence of anti-HBc IgM in the
      HBsAg+ acute hepatitis suggests other overinfecting agents. The presence of anti
      HBc IgM in CH seems not to be related to an active viral replication.

PMID- 4058788
TI  - External quality assessment for clinical microbiological laboratories in Norway
      1984.
AB  - The results of the external quality assessment for clinical microbiology in
      Norway in 1984 are evaluated. Four distributions, each consisting of four
      simulated clinical specimens, were carried out. The assessment has, as in
      previous years, revealed some problem areas concerning laboratory procedures
      which are discussed.

PMID- 4058789
TI  - Evidence for species differences between rats and gerbils in striatal dopamine
      content and dopamine metabolism.
AB  - High-performance liquid chromatography revealed significantly higher striatal
      concentrations of dopamine and homovanillic acid (HVA) in 9 male Mongolian
      gerbils than in 6 male Long-Evans rats. 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations
      were higher in rats, while no significant between-species difference was found
      with respect to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), serotonin or protein
      concentrations. In gerbils, HVA and DOPAC occurred in approximately equal
      concentrations, suggesting that the formation of HVA may be of greater
      significance for the termination of transmitter function in the gerbil than in
      the rat.

PMID- 4058790
TI  - A comparative study of choline acetyltransferase from normal and Alzheimer brain.
AB  - A comparative study was made of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) from
      normal and Alzheimer (senile dementia of the Alzheimer type) brain. The number of
      molecular weight and charge forms of the enzyme were determined in the caudate
      region of both brains. Efficient purification of active ChAT was achieved using
      immuno-affinity purification. It was shown that the purified enzyme was identical
      in both cases, exhibiting a single charge (apparent pI approximately 8.2) and a
      single molecular weight (mol. wt. = 68,000). The idea of a selective loss of one
      particular isoform to explain the reduced levels of ChAT observed in Alzheimer's
      disease can be ruled out.

PMID- 4058791
TI  - Response of purified chick motoneurons to myotube conditioned medium: laminin is
      essential for the substratum-binding, neurite outgrowth-promoting activity.
AB  - Purified motoneurons from chick, cultured on polycationic substrata treated with
      myotube-conditioned (MCM), respond by rapidly extending neurites. When MCM,
      partially purified by salt precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography, was
      fractionated on Sepharose CL-4B, the peak of neurite outgrowth-promoting activity
      (NOPA) corresponded to a peak of laminin (LA) immunoreactivity. Fractions from
      this peak contained a protein band that comigrated with an LA standard on sodium
      dodecyl sulfate gels. Antibodies to LA immunoprecipitated all motoneuron NOPA
      from MCM, and the specifically immunoprecipitated material comigrated with LA in
      both reducing and non-reducing gels. It thus appears that LA in MCM is essential
      for the ability of this conditioned medium to promote motoneuron neurite
      outgrowth.

PMID- 4058792
TI  - Three components of active membrane current in the C-neurons of rabbit cervical
      nodose ganglion under voltage clamp.
AB  - In the C-neurons of rabbit nodose ganglion there is a persistent slow outward
      current at Vm levels positive to -80 mV. This current was detectable in Na+-free
      Ringer and disappeared in Ca2+-free medium. Therefore it may be the Ca2+
      activated K+ current. This K+ current shows a unique time and voltage dependency,
      suggesting that it may have a regulatory role on the excitability of C-neurons.
      Two other types of current also observed in C-neurons were IQ- and IA-like
      currents. In A-neurons, however, a Ca2+-activated K+ current was not observed at
      all.

PMID- 4058793
TI  - Intracortical inhibitory mechanisms are preserved in feline generalized
      penicillin epilepsy.
AB  - Intracortical inhibition elicited by direct cortical stimulation or by
      stimulation of the cerebral peduncle, the latter inducing recurrent inhibition of
      cortical neurons, is not significantly affected by intramuscular injection of
      penicillin sufficient for inducing the syndrome of feline generalized penicillin
      epilepsy characterized by generalized spike and wave (SW) discharges in the EEG.
      This raises to four the number of paradigms of presumably postsynaptic inhibition
      resistant to penicillin concentrations sufficient to produce generalized SW
      discharges, a form of epileptic discharge which thus cannot be attributed to
      blockage of the forms of intracortical postsynaptic inhibition so far tested.

PMID- 4058794
TI  - Selective degeneration by capsaicin of a subpopulation of primary sensory neurons
      in the adult rat.
AB  - The morphological effects of systemic capsaicin treatment have been studied in
      adult rats. Light and electron microscopy revealed that a subpopulation of small
      to-medium sized B-type primary sensory neurons, representing about 17% of the
      total neuronal population in the 4th lumbar spinal ganglion, underwent rapid
      degeneration after the administration of capsaicin. Quantitative electron
      microscopy demonstrated a decrease of about 45% in the number of unmyelinated
      axons in the saphenous nerve. Light microscopy showed extensive axon terminal
      degeneration in the brainstem and spinal cord confined to the central projection
      areas of capsaicin-sensitive afferent fibers, as has already been revealed in the
      newborn rat. The present results furnish evidence for a hitherto unrecognized
      selective neurodegenerative action of capsaicin in the adult rat.

PMID- 4058795
TI  - Tyrosine availability determines stimulus-evoked dopamine release from rat
      striatal slices.
AB  - Direct evidence that precursor levels can affect catecholamine release from brain
      cells has not previously been presented. We observe a dose-dependent relationship
      between the tyrosine (Tyr) concentration of the superfusing medium and the amount
      of dopamine (DA) released from rat striatum by trains of electrical pulses. In
      the absence of exogenous tyrosine, tissue Tyr and DA levels are reduced following
      stimulation. These findings suggest that DA release from striatal neurons may not
      be sustained if fluctuations occur in the supply of Tyr to the brain.

PMID- 4058796
TI  - Effects of development and aging on the concentration of a human brain antigen.
AB  - The concentration of a glycoprotein reactive with monoclonal antibody 44D10 was
      studied during development and aging in 19 normal brains. Little change in the
      concentration of the antigen was found in white matter of brains ranging from the
      age of 1 to 54 years. However, a linear increase in the concentration of antigen
      was observed between the ages of 54 and 80 years. By the age of 80 years, the
      concentration of the glycoprotein had increased 2-3-fold. In contrast to white
      matter, gray matter did not contain detectable levels of antigen at ages from 1
      to 54 years. Low levels of antigen were detected in brains of all older
      individuals examined. However, the relative concentration of this glycoprotein in
      gray matter was less than 5% of that in white matter. An examination of white
      matter homogenates from guinea pig and bovine brain showed that monoclonal
      antibody 44D10 was not reactive in these species.

PMID- 4058797
TI  - A note on a tectal neuron projecting via the tectobulbar tract in teleosts.
AB  - Catfish and goldfish received small, unilateral tectal injections of horseradish
      peroxidase. In these fish a population of large diameter tectal efferent axons
      could be seen travelling to the hindbrain. Each of these axons gave up to 19
      collateral branches. These branches arborized in or near the dendritic fields of
      the ipsilateral nucleus lobobulbaris and oculomotor nucleus, and the
      contralateral trigeminal nucleus, oculomotor nucleus, abducens nucleus, nucleus
      lateralis valvulae and medial reticular formation. The results suggest that these
      axons are involved in triggering eye movements.

PMID- 4058798
TI  - Inhibition of non-quantal acetylcholine leakage by 2(4
      phenylpiperidine)cyclohexanol in the mouse diaphragm.
AB  - The drug 2(4-phenylpiperidine)cyclohexanol (AH 5183) caused hyperpolarization by
      1.8 +/- 0.6 mV in an end-plate zone of mouse diaphragm fibers without any change
      in the amplitude of miniature end-plate potentials. This supports the idea that
      the drug inhibits the non-quantal leakage from motor nerve terminals, probably at
      those parts of the nerve terminals which were incorporated into the terminal
      membrane after vesicle exocytosis.

PMID- 4058799
TI  - Dorsal root lesions block the expression of morphine withdrawal elicited from the
      rat spinal cord.
AB  - Evidence has been accumulating to indicate that the spinal cord plays an
      important role in the expression of several narcotic abstinence signs in the
      intact animal. One characteristic and reproducible withdrawal sign which can be
      elicited in both intact and spinal-transected dependent rats is the naloxone
      induced increase in arterial blood pressure. Employing this model, this autonomic
      component of narcotic withdrawal was quantitated in dependent spinal (C1)
      transected rats with intact dorsal roots and in those with surgical lesions of
      the dorsal roots from T3 to L4. The withdrawal-associated hypertension observed
      in animals with intact dorsal roots was abolished in the rats having the lesioned
      roots. The central spinal location of the opiate receptors mediating the naloxone
      response was confirmed by experiments demonstrating the failure of a selective
      peripherally acting narcotic antagonist to elicit a comparable withdrawal
      response. It was concluded that continuous afferent input and spinal opiate
      receptors are requirements for the expression of spinal narcotic withdrawal.

PMID- 4058800
TI  - Sexual behavior in Aplysia fasciata induced by homogenates of the distal large
      hermaphroditic duct.
AB  - Copulation was induced in pairs of Aplysia fasciata by adding to the environment
      a homogenate of the distal portion of the large hermaphroditic duct. Similar
      effects were not observed in response to an abdominal ganglion homogenate. The
      data suggest that the duct may secrete a pheromone initiating copulation in
      Aplysia.

PMID- 4058801
TI  - Cardiovascular components of the defence reaction evoked by excitation of
      neuronal cell bodies in the midbrain periaqueductal grey of the cat.
AB  - In the anaesthetized and paralyzed cat the cardiovascular pattern characteristic
      of the defence reaction, i.e. skeletal muscle vasodilatation, tachycardia and
      increased arterial pressure, was elicited by microinjections (0.40 microliter) of
      the excitatory amino acid, DL-homocysteic acid (DLH), into the midbrain
      periaqueductal grey (PAG) matter. In contrast, injections of DLH into the
      midbrain tegmentum failed to elicit the cardiovascular components of the defence
      reaction. As injections of DLH depolarize cell bodies but not axons, the results
      indicate that the midbrain PAG, but not the adjacent tegmentum, contains a
      population of neurones whose excitation elicits these reactions. Further, the
      data suggested that such neurones may be localized preferentially within the
      caudal half of the midbrain PAG.

PMID- 4058802
TI  - Multisensory interaction in the torus semicircularis of the clawed toad Xenopus
      laevis.
AB  - Interactions between the lateral-line, general somatosensory and auditory system
      were studied using field potential analysis and single unit recordings in the
      torus semicircularis of the clawed toad Xenopus laevis. As a response to paired
      stimuli (electric shocks applied to the peripheral nerves or acoustic clicks), in
      all systems a reduction of the second evoked potential occurred for intervals of
      up to 5 s. Following consecutive stimulation of two different systems, the
      amplitude of the second evoked potential was also reduced, indicating mutual
      interaction of different systems. Single unit recordings revealed the existence
      of both inhibitory and excitatory interaction between different modalities.

PMID- 4058803
TI  - Mode of reinnervation in neonatally denervated lamina of the cat's lateral
      geniculate nucleus.
AB  - Physiological properties of relay cells were studied in the lateral geniculate
      nucleus (LGN) of neonatally one-eye-removed adult cats. Most of the relay cells
      recorded from the denervated lamina (lamina A1) were still classifiable into
      either Y- or X-cells, like those recorded from the non-denervated lamina (lamina
      A). However, receptive field centers of both Y- and X-cells in the denervated
      lamina were slightly over twice as large as those of the corresponding classes in
      the non-denervated lamina. These data indicate that reinnervated relay cells may
      receive excessive convergent inputs from either Y or X type retinal axons which
      have grown translaminarly.

PMID- 4058804
TI  - Phenotypical changes of embryonic chick adrenal medullary cells in vitro induced
      by nerve growth factor and ciliary neuronotrophic factor.
AB  - This study investigates the survival properties and changes in the morphological
      phenotype of adrenal medullary (chromaffin and neuronal) cells cultured from
      embryonic chicks at different developmental ages (embryonic days E8 to E16) in
      response to nerve growth factor (NGF) and ciliary neuronotrophic factor (CNTF).
      The 4-day survival of medullary cells from all embryonic ages except E8 was about
      80% of the seeded cells and was only slightly enhanced by the addition of
      saturating doses of CNTF (10 ng/ml). With no factors, after 4 days 10-30% of the
      surviving medullary cells extended neurites. NGF (100 ng/ml) and, even more, CNTF
      (10 ng/ml) and their combination substantially increased the proportions of
      neurite-bearing cells (up to 70%). The effect of the factors were maximal at E10
      and E12 and declined at older developmental ages. Neurite growth was virtually
      unaffected by NGF and CNTF at E8. These results show that in vitro survival and
      neurite growth of chick adrenal medullary cells in response to trophic factors is
      developmentally regulated.

PMID- 4058805
TI  - Rat fetal brain tissue grafts survive and innervate host brain following five day
      pregraft tissue storage.
AB  - Freshly dissected fetal basal forebrain tissue rich in cholinergic neurons was
      either dissociated into a cell suspension and injected into the cholinergically
      denervated hippocampus of adult rats, or stored in a preservative medium at 4
      degrees C. Five days later the stored tissue was dissociated into a cell
      suspension and injected in the denervated hippocampus in another group of
      animals. Six weeks later the grafts were evaluated with acetylcholinesterase
      histochemistry for the assessment of graft survival, graft tissue volume and
      extent of reinnervation of the denervated hippocampus. All grafts in both the
      freshly dissociated and the 'stored' group survived. The stored grafts were on
      the average 1/5 in volume but had an appropriate and extensive laminated
      reinnervation pattern within the denervated hippocampus. This method of storing
      cells for extended periods prior to grafting allows for experimental manipulation
      of fetal tissue as well as long distance transportation prior to intracerebral
      grafting.

PMID- 4058806
TI  - In vivo distribution of 14C radiolabeled soman [3,3-dimethyl-2-butoxy)
      methylphosphorylfluoride) in the central nervous system of the rat.
AB  - Radiolabeled 14C soman, a potent anticholinesterase, was administered to rats at
      a dose of 0.75 LD50 (17.3 micrograms/kg, i.m.). Prior to being quick frozen, the
      animals were held for 2 min, 32 min or 48 h after dosing. Analysis of
      autoradiographs taken from cryostat sections through the central nervous system
      (CNS) showed that at 2 and 32 min radiolabel was primarily distributed in the
      blood, the choroid plexus and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with several brain
      nuclei showing small increases in labeling density. At 48 h there was marked
      accumulation of radiolabel in the caudate and accumbens nuclei compared to all
      other brain areas. The above results showed little similarity between
      cholinesterase localization and distribution of radiolabel.

PMID- 4058807
TI  - Lowering blood cholesterol to prevent heart disease. NIH Consensus Development
      Conference Statement.

PMID- 4058808
TI  - Promoting health in international travel.
AB  - As international travel becomes more frequent, consumers are expressing a need
      for current, comprehensive information about disease prevention abroad. Many
      health care providers lack the knowledge to respond to this need. This article
      provides information on general preventive measures for commonly encountered
      infectious diseases and discusses the use of vaccines and chemoprophylaxis. Legal
      requirements for the quarantinable diseases are reviewed. Readers are directed to
      authoritative references, and considerations to be addressed in the pretravel
      visit are outlined. Disease prevention in international travel is an important
      aspect of health promotion, particularly in our mobile society. With development
      of the necessary skills and knowledge, nurse practitioners can and should play a
      significant role in this area.

PMID- 4058809
TI  - Protocol for estrogen replacement therapy in menopausal women.
AB  - The hormonal changes of menopause may produce a variety of symptoms, including
      hot flushes, atrophic vaginal changes and osteoporosis. For some women these
      symptoms may be so pronounced that estrogen replacement with opposing
      progesterone becomes a suitable therapy. Before instituting this therapy, the
      nurse practitioner must carefully assess the woman and obtain necessary
      information on the risks and benefits of this regimen. Clinical guidelines for
      initiating oral estrogen replacement therapy in menopausal women are presented
      and patient education topics, including additional measures the woman can employ
      to relieve her menopausal symptoms, are reviewed. The value of diet, calcium and
      fluoride supplements and exercise in decreasing the risk of osteoporosis is also
      discussed.

PMID- 4058810
TI  - Managers and nurses: understanding both worlds.
AB  - As nurses strive to control their professional destinies, they must function
      effectively with and as managers. This implies bridging the gap between the two
      cultures of professional and manager and understanding the two points of view.
      This article contrasts these two points of view in terms of sources of power,
      task orientation and professional socialization.

PMID- 4058811
TI  - Geriatric nursing services restricted in Illinois.

PMID- 4058812
TI  - Alzheimer's disease: toward understanding and management.
AB  - It is vital that nurse practitioners be knowledgeable about the most common
      primary dementia, Alzheimer's disease. A review of the etiology, pathology, signs
      and symptoms are presented. This article suggests a method for the nurse
      practitioner to use in assessing the demented patient, with a view of the
      differential diagnosis and diagnostic work-up. Current methods of drug, diet and
      life-style management are discussed. Nursing interventions, guided by the
      progressing phases of Alzheimer's disease, are offered.

PMID- 4058813
TI  - Language development in infants and toddlers.
AB  - Speech and language problems constitute the nation's number one handicapping
      condition. Nurse practitioners are in a unique position to observe the language
      development of a young child and the social-communicative interaction between
      parents and child. They need to be aware of the early milestone information
      regarding language development so that a problem can be identified. It is
      imperative that these problems be noted early and managed correctly in order to
      insure the development of adequate communication skills.

PMID- 4058814
TI  - Fraud and deceit.

PMID- 4058815
TI  - Factors in adolescent contraceptive use.
AB  - This study examined three variables--knowledge of contraception, self-esteem and
      religiosity-and the relationship of each variable to the use of contraception
      among unmarried adolescent women. A questionnaire designed to measure
      contraceptive knowledge, self-esteem and religiosity was administered to 28
      pregnant, unmarried adolescents and to 31 unmarried, never-pregnant, adolescent
      contraceptive users. A t-Test was used to measure the significance of the
      relationship of the three independent variables to the dependent variable,
      contraceptive use. Upon analysis of the data, no significant difference was found
      between either group in relation to their knowledge of contraception, self-esteem
      scores or religious attitudes; however, some additional data were gathered from
      the research tool that may provide areas for future investigation.

PMID- 4058816
TI  - Broad ligament adenocarcinoma--its origin and clinical behavior. A literature
      review and report of a case.

PMID- 4058817
TI  - Prenatal care and the low birth weight infant.
AB  - In this study the authors assessed human and economic consequences of low birth
      weight linked to the lack of prenatal care for indigent women. Low birth weight
      infants were defined as those who weighed between 860 and 2220 g, corresponding
      to the 50th percentiles at 26 and 34 weeks' gestation. Women seeking prenatal
      care had a significantly decreased incidence of low birth weight infants compared
      with those without such care. Concomitantly, low birth weight infants born to
      women with prenatal care had significantly better perinatal survival as well as
      less frequent respiratory distress and intraventricular hemorrhage. Because of
      these factors, infants born to clinic mothers used fewer neonatal intensive care
      days and had shorter hospitalizations. Hospital costs were reviewed for 175
      surviving infants and failure to obtain prenatal care was associated with a 50%
      increase in costs for each infant. The frequencies of the most common pregnancy
      complications in women with and without prenatal care, coupled with corresponding
      obstetric interventions, suggest that such care facilitates identification and
      management of women at risk for delivery of low birth weight infants. The authors
      conclude that there are important human and economic advantages of antenatal care
      for indigent women.

PMID- 4058818
TI  - Continuous subcutaneous insulin therapy during early pregnancy.
AB  - Intensive metabolic control of diabetes is probably important during formation of
      the embryo early in pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the
      efficacy and complications of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy
      during the fifth to the tenth week of gestation. Twenty-four insulin-dependent
      subjects were trained to use blood glucose self-monitoring and the Auto Syringe
      portable insulin infusion pump (AS6C). Regular insulin was administered as a
      basal infusion of 18 +/- 8 U/24 hours (+/- SD) (12.2 +/- 3.9 mU . kg-1 . h-1) and
      as bolus injections of 6 +/- 3 U before meals and 1.2 +/- 1 U before snacks.
      Reasonable control of fasting (119 +/- 30 mg/dL) and postprandial (133 +/- 34
      mg/dL) hyperglycemia was achieved, accompanied by an average of 2.2 +/- 1.5
      symptomatic hypoglycemic episodes per week. The frequency of complications with
      this new therapy declined as the authors gained experience in teaching the
      system. The persistence of good diabetic control in many of the subjects after
      they returned to conventional insulin therapy points to the need for a controlled
      trial of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy versus intensive
      conventional therapy in pregnancy.

PMID- 4058819
TI  - Nonstress test: dimensions of normal reactivity.
AB  - Despite the widespread use of the nonstress test, there has been no consensus on
      the criteria for normal reactivity. The authors studied 495 nonstress tests of
      230 normal term fetuses, using a standardized protocol. The frequency
      distribution of movement-associated fetal heart rate (FHR) accelerations
      exceeding 15 beats per minute and 15 seconds' duration was examined in windows,
      ranging from ten to 40 minutes. Mean, median, and modal frequencies of movement
      associated FHR accelerations were determined in 1910, 1418, 895, and 473 windows
      of ten, 20, 30, and 40 minutes, respectively. No significant difference in
      movement-associated FHR acceleration frequency was observed for any sequential
      ten-minute window, but movement-associated FHR accelerations were absent in 19.5,
      8.8, 5.2, and 5.0% of 10-, 20-, 30-, and 40-minute windows, respectively. The
      broad frequency distributions of movement-associated FHR accelerations, produced
      by normal fetuses, precludes discrete diagnostic cutoffs in short time windows,
      unless one is willing to accept significant negative predictive errors.

PMID- 4058820
TI  - Soft cup vacuum extraction: a comparison of outlet delivery.
AB  - One hundred eighteen nulliparous patients delivered under conduction anesthesia
      who met the standard criteria for low forceps delivery were randomly assigned to
      one of three groups to be delivered by low Tucker-McLane forceps, Silastic vacuum
      extraction system, or Mityvac vacuum extractor. Significant maternal soft tissue
      trauma was identified in 48.9% of the forceps group, 36.1% of the Silastic group,
      and 21.6% of the Mityvac group. Superficial fetal scalp changes were found in 71%
      of the forceps group, 44% of the Silastic group, and 46% of the Mityvac group. Of
      these, cephalhematomatas were noted in 2.2% of the forceps group, 13.9% of the
      Silastic group, and 16.2% of the Mityvac group. All three instruments were
      considered effective outlet delivery instruments.

PMID- 4058821
TI  - Intestinal parasites and pregnancy.
AB  - Intestinal parasites and pregnancy commonly coexist. Environmental, nutritional,
      and immunologic factors influence the clinical manifestations and determine the
      need for treatment of intestinal parasitism during pregnancy. No serious medical
      or obstetric problems attributable to intestinal parasites developed among 147
      parasitized pregnant refugees living and delivering in a refugee camp in
      Southeast Thailand. These patients received adequate nutrition, careful prenatal
      monitoring, and no antiparasitic drug therapy. During pregnancy chemotherapy for
      intestinal parasites should not be used unless required for appropriate clinical
      and public health reasons.

PMID- 4058822
TI  - Latent phase of labor in normal patients: a reassessment.
AB  - The vaginal examination data (dilation, station, and time) were examined from
      2845 consecutive uncomplicated patients who were admitted in early labor to
      Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital between January 1, 1979 and December 31,
      1982, using data from the computer database of the Perinatal Clinical Research
      Center. The length of the latent phase of labor was calculated in 2479 of these
      patients to form the study group. Individual effects of parity and the cervical
      dilation on the length of the latent phase of labor resembled Friedman's results
      from 20 years ago. Furthermore, the average and prolonged lengths of the latent
      phase confirmed that labors have not changed appreciably in 20 years. However,
      multivariable analysis and standard stepwise regression on all of the vaginal
      examination data revealed that the largest influence on the length of latent
      labor was the admitting cervical dilation. Parity had only a small effect when
      cervical dilation was controlled. Thus, a multiparous patient may progress as
      slowly as a primiparous patient if they both are admitted with a low cervical
      dilation.

PMID- 4058823
TI  - Effects of hypoxia on adult and neonatal pacemaker rates.
AB  - Fetal bradycardia during parturition may result both from autonomic reflex
      effects and from the direct effect of hypoxia on the myocardium. To compare the
      relative sensitivities of neonatal and adult sinoatrial nodes to hypoxia, action
      potentials were recorded simultaneously from isolated neonatal and adult
      sinoatrial nodal tissues of the guinea pig with intracellular microelectrodes.
      Action potential rates were measured during normoxia and hypoxia, with and
      without acidosis, glucose, and epinephrine. Control (PO2 greater than 450 torr)
      intrinsic pacemaker activity was higher in the neonate than in the adult (296
      versus 222 beats per minute). Epinephrine maximally increased rates to similar
      levels in the two age groups. Hypoxia (PO2 equals 33 torr) markedly lowered adult
      (44%) and neonatal (35%) rates, but the fall in rates was similar. The addition
      of acidosis or the removal of glucose during hypoxia produced a greater fall of
      pacemaker rates in the neonates compared with the adults. The addition of
      epinephrine during hypoxia caused adult rates to increase to control normoxic
      levels, but neonatal rates remained significantly depressed below control levels.
      The results suggest that the neonatal pacemaker node is no better protected
      against bradycardia during hypoxia alone than is the adult node, but that the
      neonatal node is more susceptible to bradycardia induced by hypoxia with acidosis
      or removal of glucose. The hypoxic neonatal node, moreover, responds with a
      lesser increase in pacemaker rate during epinephrine stimulation than does the
      adult node.

PMID- 4058824
TI  - Preeclampsia/eclampsia with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and
      thrombocytopenia.
AB  - Data are presented to define a unique group of preeclamptic/eclamptic women with
      the findings of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and a low platelet count. This
      syndrome is a variant of severe preeclampsia and may develop either antepartum or
      postpartum. A nonobstetric diagnosis such as gastrointestinal or hematologic
      disease is often made. When the patient presents with the hemolysis, elevated
      liver enzymes, and low platelet (HELLP) syndrome, supportive therapy is used and
      delivery expedited to improve maternal and fetal outcome.

PMID- 4058825
TI  - Safety of local versus general anesthesia for second-trimester dilatation and
      evacuation abortion.
AB  - In 1980, approximately 100,000 women underwent abortion by dilatation and
      evacuation between 13 and 24 weeks' gestation; an estimated 500 women experienced
      serious complications. The comparative safety of local versus general anesthesia
      for second-trimester dilatation and evacuation is unknown. To compare the serious
      complications (hemorrhage requiring transfusion, unintended major surgery, and a
      temperature of greater than or equal to 38 C for greater than three days), 4147
      women who received general anesthesia and 5389 women who received local
      anesthesia at 13 centers in the United States from 1975 to 1978 were studied.
      Women who had a dilatation and evacuation abortion under general anesthesia had a
      relative risk of serious complications of 2.6 (95% confidence interval 1.4 to
      4.9) compared with women who underwent dilatation and evacuation abortion under
      local anesthesia. Local anesthesia for second-trimester dilatation and evacuation
      appears to be both safer and less expensive than general anesthesia.

PMID- 4058826
TI  - Pregnancy in physicians: characteristics and complications.
AB  - The course of 72 pregnancies in a personal series of 37 physicians has been
      reviewed. The patients were generally older than average at the time of
      pregnancy. Most physicians continued to work until they went into labor. The
      spontaneous abortion rate was similar to the general population; the induced
      abortion rate was lower than the general population. Forty-nine deliveries
      occurred. The infants weighed more than average and there was a tendency for
      postmature pregnancy. There was an increased incidence of threatened preterm
      labor; a much higher incidence of abruptio placentae occurred, the latter
      complication resulting in an increased cesarean section rate.

PMID- 4058828
TI  - Gynecologic and urodynamic evaluation of women with urinary incontinence.
AB  - One hundred women with urinary incontinence were evaluated at the urodynamic
      investigation unit. Sixty-seven percent of the patients in this series were found
      to have significant gynecologic disease underscoring the importance of
      simultaneous gynecologic and urologic investigation. Incontinence surgery was
      determined to be indicated in 44 of the 87 patients who had the symptom of stress
      urinary incontinence, suggesting that accurate evaluation of the lower urinary
      tract in women complaining of incontinence does allow a careful selection of
      patients for surgical therapy. Discussion is given regarding the determination of
      the amount of patient evaluation necessary before instituting therapy.

PMID- 4058827
TI  - Clinical chemistry alterations in pregnancy and oral contraceptive use.
AB  - In this study the effects of pregnancy and oral contraceptive use on plasma
      glucose concentrations, hepatic, renal, and thyroid function tests, and their
      relationships to plasma lipoprotein lipids after an overnight fast are compared.
      Observations were made in 546 pregnant women at 36 weeks' gestation, 56 women
      using oral contraceptive hormones, and 77 women not using sex hormones. All
      subjects were randomly selected from defined populations. Compared with
      nonpregnant women not using hormones, median plasma glucose concentrations are 3%
      lower with oral contraceptive use and 17% lower in pregnancy. Plasma total
      bilirubin concentrations are lowered by similar amounts in oral contraceptive
      users (29%) and in pregnancy (32%). Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase is
      slightly lower among hormone users (9%) but is significantly higher (27%) in
      pregnancy. Alkaline phosphatase is significantly lower in oral contraceptive
      users (23%) but is higher in pregnancy (86%). Serum globulin concentrations are
      unaffected by pregnancy or oral contraceptive use. Compared with nonusers,
      thyroxine is 30% higher in oral contraceptive users and 100% higher during
      pregnancy. Serum creatinine is unaffected by sex steroid use but is 28% lower in
      pregnancy. Associations of these test results with plasma hormone concentrations
      corroborate hormonal mechanisms and suggest that some alkaline phosphatase and
      serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase come from the placenta. Relationships of
      these clinical measurements to lipoprotein lipids in pregnancy are generally weak
      and do not point to important controlling relationships, but effects similar to
      those seen in nonpregnant subjects are seen with hyperglycemia (associated with
      elevated triglyceride) and elevated thyroxine levels (associated with lower
      cholesterol and triglyceride).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4058829
TI  - Electrocoagulation and the risk of cervical neoplasia.
AB  - The relationship between electrocoagulation diathermy and the risk of cervical
      neoplasia was evaluated in a case-control study of 145 women with cervical
      intraepithelial neoplasia compared with 145 age-matched outpatient control
      subjects, and 191 cases of invasive cervical cancer compared with 191 control
      subjects in the hospital for acute conditions unrelated to any of the identified
      or suspected risk factors for cervical cancer. History of electrocoagulation was
      associated with an apparently reduced risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
      (relative risk = 0.50, with 95% confidence interval = 0.29-0.87), and of invasive
      cancer (relative risk = 0.42, 95% confidence interval = 0.22-0.82). However, this
      apparent protection could be largely explained in terms of a different frequency
      of previous Papanicolaou smears in patients and control subjects. When adjustment
      was made for that variable, the risk estimates of CIN and invasive cancer among
      women who had undergone electrocoagulation increased to 0.62 and 0.83 and became
      statistically nonsignificant. Further allowance for other identified potential
      confounding factors by means of multiple logistic regression raised these
      estimates to 0.73 and 0.94, respectively. Thus, these data provide evidence
      against the hypothesis that electrocoagulation may have an important and
      independent role in the prevention of cervical neoplasia.

PMID- 4058830
TI  - Longitudinal analysis of a multisite clerkship.
AB  - Monitoring the quality of well-established multisite clerkships can be aided by
      the use of trend analysis and graphic-oriented presentations. Five years of data
      on student performance, experience, and perceptions are reported for an
      obstetrics and gynecology clerkship offered at eight geographically dispersed
      sites. Of the five measures of student performance, two (final written and oral
      examinations) showed major changes. Trends also appeared in student participation
      in deliveries and student ratings of teaching over time. The results of these
      analyses were communicated to faculty at each site and used to make improvements
      in the clerkship. The implications and use of these longitudinal evaluation
      procedures are discussed.

PMID- 4058831
TI  - Clostridium difficile colitis associated with single-dose cefazolin prophylaxis.
AB  - Diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis are associated with antimicrobial therapy
      and prophylaxis. Clostridium difficile colitis occurred in a patient who received
      a single dose of cefazolin for prophylaxis at cesarean section. Prompt remission
      occurred after treatment with oral vancomycin.

PMID- 4058832
TI  - Hirsutism in pregnancy.
AB  - Hirsutism developed in a 23-year-old woman during pregnancy. Her peripheral and
      ovarian vein testosterone and androstenedione levels were elevated. The elevated
      androgens returned to normal postpartum. Although the clinical presentation of
      this patient was similar in many respects to reported functional causes of
      pregnancy hirsutism, such as pregnancy luteoma and theca lutein cysts, it is
      unique because of the absence of ovarian enlargement, which is characteristically
      observed in the latter entities.

PMID- 4058833
TI  - Allergic reaction to Hulka clips.
AB  - Hulka clip sterilization has become a popular method of tubal occlusion. A case
      is presented in which the gold covering the Hulka clip resulted in an allergic
      reaction, evidenced by sterile abscess formation and resulting in exploratory
      laparotomy for removal of the Hulka clips, sterile abscess, and resultant
      adhesions. To the authors' knowledge, no previous case has been presented of this
      type of gold allergy. It would appear that careful screening for gold allergy
      should be undertaken before tubal sterilization with Hulka clips.

PMID- 4058834
TI  - Piperacillin versus clindamycin plus gentamicin.

PMID- 4058835
TI  - Antithrombin III activity in pregnant women with hypertension.

PMID- 4058836
TI  - Chronology of meiosis and spermiogenesis in an Indian catfish, Heteropneustes
      fossilis (Bloch).

PMID- 4058837
TI  - Shape and size of the transverse foramina in Japanese.

PMID- 4058839
TI  - Peripheral distribution of the medial circumflex femoral artery.

PMID- 4058838
TI  - Light and transmission electron microscopic studies on the lingual dorsal
      epithelium of the musk shrew, Suncus murinus.

PMID- 4058840
TI  - Developmental changes in the ampulla coli of the Afghan pika (Ochotona rufescens
      rufescens).

PMID- 4058841
TI  - Argon laser debridement of the posterior capsule: a potential treatment for
      posterior capsule opacification after extracapsular cataract surgery.
AB  - We treated an opacified membrane on the anterior surfaces of the posterior
      capsule of two cynomolgus monkeys that had undergone extracapsular cataract
      extraction and intraocular lens insertion. After development of opacification of
      the posterior capsule, argon laser energy was employed in an attempt to debride
      the capsules while maintaining structural integrity of the capsule. With this
      technique, small areas of destruction of the membrane on the anterior surface of
      the posterior capsule were created with preservation of the capsule.

PMID- 4058842
TI  - Ultrasonic capsule polisher: a new instrument and technique.
AB  - An ultrasonic I/E capsule polisher is described. The instrument is capable of
      safely removing dense cortical plaques which could not be removed with
      conventional instruments. Its use for both capsule polishing and cortical clean
      up is discussed.

PMID- 4058843
TI  - Proteinaceous film without macrophages covering lens implant in acute
      panophthalmitis.
AB  - A very well-preserved capsule-like proteinaceous film continuously covering a
      Copeland lens implant in a late stage of alpha streptococcus panophthalmitis
      exhibits neutrophils and fibrin as well as massive pus on its outer surface. But
      no macrophages, fibroblast-like cells, or giant cells are found. The
      proteinaceous film has resisted the proteolytic actions of the massive pus
      present on and around the implant.

PMID- 4058844
TI  - Controlled retrobulbar anesthesia for ECCE and IOL implantation.
AB  - A method of controlled retrobulbar anesthesia was used in 20 patients undergoing
      extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. The method
      includes: leaving the pupil undilated before anesthesia; applying topical
      anesthetic to the conjunctiva; injecting about 0.25 ml of anesthesia through the
      non-sensitive conjunctiva into the muscle cone, then waiting until the pupil
      becomes dilated before injecting an additional 1.5 ml; injecting 0.25 ml
      anesthesia under the conjunctiva and into the tendon of the superior rectus
      muscle; and applying short-acting mydriatics after the injection. This method is
      almost painless and does not result in increased intraocular pressure after
      injection. Massage or compression to soften the eye is not required, and there is
      excellent anesthesia and akinesia.

PMID- 4058845
TI  - Effect of ocular compression on intraocular pressure.
AB  - A prospective double-blind controlled study was undertaken to determine the
      effects of different compression times applied to soften the eye on normal
      subjects. Application of the Honan intraocular pressure reducer (HIPR) produced a
      significantly (p less than 0.02) greater decrease in intraocular pressure when
      applied for 40 minutes (14.3 mmHg SD = 1.7) when compared to a five-minute
      application (8.8 mmHg SD = 1.7). No untoward effects were noted in these
      patients. Physiologic effects of external ocular compression are discussed.

PMID- 4058846
TI  - Little known volume considerations in irrigation, aspiration.
AB  - I have measured infusion rates and collection rates for the Cavitron, Site and
      Storz I-A instruments, and for several needle systems. The Cavitron and Site
      instruments move large volumes per unit time, while the Storz is a low volume
      system. Leakage is the major source of total volumes used with the larger
      needles. Port size and needle bore diameter both have some effect on rapidity of
      flow through a needle, but needle diameter is more important.

PMID- 4058847
TI  - Diagnosis and localization of intraocular foreign bodies by computed tomography.
AB  - Computed Tomography (CT) is the only imaging modality whereby bone and anatomical
      soft tissue structures are clearly defined. Detection of intraocular foreign
      bodies (FBs) can be easily obtained by scanning in the axial plane. For the
      precise localization of FBs, information in two planes is necessary; this is
      usually achieved by adding a CT study in the coronal plane to the axial plane
      study. When using a superimposed grid with millimeter calibration on a zoom
      orbital scan, the accurate location can be calculated. This contribution is of
      the utmost importance in deciding upon the appropriate approach when surgical
      removal is indicated.

PMID- 4058848
TI  - The role of lacrimal sac palpation in evaluation of lacrimal drainage problems.
AB  - Lacrimal sac palpation in the evaluation of the lacrimal excretory system, both
      before and during irrigation, is proposed to minimize the necessity for lacrimal
      excretory function tests.

PMID- 4058849
TI  - Fire hazard during ophthalmic surgery.
AB  - A plastic surgical drape was ignited by a disposable cautery during cataract
      surgery performed under local anesthesia. The flame was quickly extinguished, and
      the procedure was completed without complications. The patient did well
      postoperatively and attained a corrected visual acuity of 20/25. Precautions
      should be taken to minimize the possibility of fire occurring during ophthalmic
      surgery.

PMID- 4058850
TI  - Multiple complications following radial keratotomy in an elderly patient: a case
      report.
AB  - A 68-year-old female underwent a 16-incision radial keratotomy in 1980. Her post
      op course was complicated by marked overcorrection (+11.00), irregular
      astigmatism, and endothelial cell loss of almost 50%. Radial keratotomy in the
      elderly should be approached with caution because of the apparent increased
      effect of the surgery that occurs with increasing age.

PMID- 4058851
TI  - The argon laser in the treatment of iris prolapse.

PMID- 4058853
TI  - Sodium hyaluronate used to correct lens nucleus tumble.

PMID- 4058852
TI  - Foreign body masquerading as a ruptured globe.
AB  - Low density orbital foreign bodies may not be detected on plain x-ray. In this
      case, a large anterior orbital foreign body was seen by examiners, but was
      misinterpreted as a ruptured globe. This misdiagnosis was supported by
      conventional x-rays which failed to show the object. It was later easily
      visualized on CT scan.

PMID- 4058854
TI  - Retrobulbar and facial nerve block? no; peribulbar? yes.

PMID- 4058855
TI  - Uveitis with allergy to candidin.
AB  - By skin testing, 21 patients with uveitis were more reactive to Candida extracts
      than a control group of patients during the same 15-year follow-up period. Skin
      testing with candidin induced an obvious and transient change of the course of
      the ocular disease in 19 patients and led to systemic symptoms in 15 patients; 11
      were atopic, 17 had intermediate uveitis. Antifungal treatment and/or
      desensitization improved the ocular condition in 16 patients. The real pathogeny
      of these uveitides remains hypothetical.

PMID- 4058856
TI  - Combined arterial and venous retinal occlusion as a presenting sign of systemic
      lupus erythematosus.
AB  - A 22-year-old female was admitted to our department due to sudden loss of vision
      of her right eye. The funduscopic examination revealed a clinical picture of
      venous stasis retinopathy combined with macular branch artery occlusion. The
      physical examination and the laboratory tests confirmed the diagnosis of systemic
      lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 4058857
TI  - Amaurosis following blood loss.
AB  - Complete and permanent amaurosis following blood loss is exceptional and occurs
      in elderly persons with previous circulatory disturbances. We present a case of
      unilateral amaurosis in an 18-year-old boy following gastric hemorrhage. To the
      best of our knowledge this is the first documented case of permanent amaurosis
      following blood loss in a young person.

PMID- 4058858
TI  - [The uptake of potassium iodide and its effect as an antioxidant in isolated
      rabbit eyes].
AB  - Potassium iodide (KI) passes the cornea of isolated rabbit eyes with kinetics of
      approximately 0.25 mumol/h/ml aqueous humor. In photodynamic reactions, simulated
      as light-dependent decay of S-methyl-alpha-ketobutyric acid in the presence of
      riboflavin, KI acts as an antioxidant cooperating with internal scavengers such
      as ascorbate. With the simple model reactions applied it may be possible to study
      mechanism and functions in vivo of eye-protecting factors or combinations of
      compounds.

PMID- 4058859
TI  - Mesectodermal leiomyoma of the ciliary body extending into the anterior chamber.
AB  - A neoplasm of the ciliary body extending from the equator to the iris and the
      anterior chamber was observed in an 18-year old girl. Because the visual acuity
      was lost and the clinical diagnosis was uncertain the eye was enucleated. Both
      optic and electron microscopic investigations allowed the diagnosis of the
      mesectodermal type of leiomyoma of the ciliary body.

PMID- 4058860
TI  - Circular subtotal retinectomy and inferior semicircular retinotomy: preliminary
      report.
AB  - Progress in the treatment of vitreoretinal proliferation has led ophthalmic
      surgeons to combine vitrectomy, peeling of the epiretinal membrane and silicone
      oil injection with surgery on the retina. The intervention consists either of a
      circular subtotal retinectomy leaving only the retina of the posterior pole and a
      retinal crown of two papillary diameters in width at the periphery of the
      temporal vessels; or, when the upper retina is already reapplied by silicone oil,
      of a semicircular lower retinotomy that suppresses the tractions against which
      the silicone oil is powerless. The sectioning is preceded by an endodiathermy
      that must be very precise, in order to avoid hemorrhages which are the major
      complication of the intervention. These preliminary studies will be followed by a
      detailed study when a larger number of cases is available.

PMID- 4058861
TI  - Trabeculoperforation? Trabeculoretraction? Trabeculoplasty? Review of the various
      designations used for laser treatment in primary open-angle glaucoma.
AB  - A historical recall and an attempt to simplify the numerous terms used to
      designate laser treatments for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) are presented.
      There are two main types of laser treatment for POAG involving two entirely
      different procedures. The first one, contemporary with the beginning of laser
      photocoagulation, imitates the action of the scalpel, namely goniotomy ab interno
      or trabeculotomy ab externo. The goal of this early procedure was to produce a
      through and through trabecular hole but instead of the cutting edge of the knife,
      it uses the explosive effect of the laser. This procedure has been given numerous
      names. Among the most frequent ones, we find: 'laser trabeculopuncture',
      'laseropuncture', 'goniopuncture', 'laser trabeculectomy', 'laser trabeculotomy',
      'laser trabeculopexy'. We prefer to gather them under an explicit generic term:
      'laser trabeculoperforation'. The results of this procedure have been very
      disappointing until now, particularly with conventional lasers, e.g. continuous
      wave argon laser, owing to the predominance of their thermal effect over their
      explosive effect and also to the great scarring property of the trabecular
      meshwork. In the second type of glaucoma laser treatment, instead of trying to
      make a patent hole in the trabecular meshwork, the surgeon seeks to reshape the
      inner trabecular surface by means of argon laser microscars in order to produce a
      reversal of the trabecular collapse, which is now considered to be one of the
      major etiologies of POAG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4058862
TI  - Laser and glaucoma: our experience.
AB  - The authors present some guidelines on laser therapy (Argon and/or Yag)
      application on the different types of glaucomatous pathology. These therapeutic
      guidelines are the result of a 3-year experience of constant laser therapy
      application on glaucoma. The case reports include 196 A-laser trabeculoplasties,
      34 A-laser iridotomies, 158 Yag-laser iridotomies, 31 gonioplasties, plus
      numberless combined treatments (iridotomy-trabeculoplasty, gonio-trabeculoplasty,
      gonioplasty-ciliary body photocoagulation, and so on). The authors conclude by
      reaffirming the considerable reliability of these techniques, given a prolonged
      follow-up; they also advance some new therapeutic hypotheses on laser operation
      in glaucomas.

PMID- 4058863
TI  - Intraocular lens power calculations: the optimal approach.
AB  - The differences were studied between retrospectively calculated emmetropizing
      intraocular lenses and lenses estimated from different methods and formulas,
      either with or without the use of ultrasonic biometry. A number of 201 eyes was
      involved. The results show that ultrasonic biometry is an indispensable tool for
      the prediction of the power of intraocular lenses, which would produce
      emmetropia. The best results were obtained when using biometry and the simple
      empirical SRK formula.

PMID- 4058864
TI  - Studies in dominant optic atrophy.
AB  - The study of six families with dominant optic atrophy (DOA) originating from the
      neighbourhood of Leiden revealed that four could be connected through a common
      ancestor. A detailed analysis of 89 patients permitted a subdivision of the three
      remaining families into two groups: one with on the average a low visual acuity
      (less than 0.1) and the other with a moderately reduced visual acuity (+/- 0.35).
      Furthermore, differences in colour vision were observed. Genetic heterogeneity is
      thought to be at the root of these differences.

PMID- 4058865
TI  - Fundus findings in Leber's hereditary optic neuroretinopathy.
AB  - The acute stage of Leber's hereditary optic neuritis is characterized by dilated
      disc arterioles accompanied, in some cases, by superficial peripapillary
      hemorrhages. Decreased vision caused by centrocecal scotoma is accompanied by
      slow and deficient capillary filling in the papillomacular bundle and
      arteriovenous shunting in the upper and lower vascular arcades. These and other
      vascular changes disappear in the more advanced stages (optic atrophy) of the
      disease.

PMID- 4058866
TI  - A carrier state of X-linked juvenile retinoschisis.
AB  - The carrier state of X-linked juvenile retinoschisis has not been known to be
      associated with any fundus abnormalities. We report a case where there are
      funduscopic changes and mild visual acuity changes in one eye of a carrier.

PMID- 4058867
TI  - Tapetochoroidal degeneration combined with cataract and lentodonesis.
AB  - Presumably the combination of regional choroidal atrophy, cataract and
      lentodonesis is a new genetic entity. The hereditary transmission seems to be
      autosomal-recessive. As the first visual impairment, hemeralopia is noted during
      the second decade of life. In these early stages patches of choroidal atrophy are
      limited to the intermediate and perimacular zone. ERGs are not known from these
      early stages. Later on, no scotopic and only subnormal photopic reactions are
      registered. The patients can do their work relatively well until the end of the
      sixth decade, when a cataract develops and the choroidal atrophy gradually
      extends to the posterior pole. Together with the cataract, a lentodonesis is
      developing. The lentodonesis is caused by degeneration and elongation of the
      zonular fibres. Therefore, in order to escape the danger of a lens-subluxation or
      a lens-luxation into the anterior chamber, an intracapsular extraction should be
      done at an early stage of lentodonesis. In spite of this, the visual prognosis is
      poor, since the areas of choroidal atrophy are gradually enlarging. In these late
      stages the macula seems to be involved in all cases.

PMID- 4058868
TI  - Fluorescein angiography in potential carriers for choroideremia. An additional
      aid for final diagnosis, when funduscopy shows equivocal symptoms.
AB  - As an extension of a large pedigree with choroideremia, described by Kurstjens in
      1965, a family will be presented. A daughter of an affected male presented with
      her two carrier daughters and her three unaffected sons. In one daughter,
      funduscopy did not reveal characteristics specific for the diagnosis of the
      carrier state for choroideremia. Special attention will be paid to the diagnostic
      value of fluorescein angiography for final diagnosis and genetic counseling.

PMID- 4058869
TI  - Ultrastructural study of primary canine and human pigmentary retinopathy.
AB  - An electron microscopic study was performed on eyes of Labrador dogs afflicted
      with progressive retinal atrophy (PRA). There was complete loss of
      photoreceptors, atrophy of the remaining retina and gliosis in the peripheral
      part while the central retina showed incomplete loss of photoreceptors and an
      almost total disappearance of photoreceptor outer segments. Melanin-bearing
      cells, largely containing melanolysosomes, were found deep inside the retina.
      This electron microscopic study also incorporated the retina of a middle-aged
      woman affected by retinopathia pigmentosa (RP). The fine structure of the
      diseased retina showed a similar pattern of lesions, more pronounced in the
      periphery of the retina. Similar electron microscopic findings between the two
      disease processes render PRA of the Labrador dog a useful model for a comparative
      study of the development and intraretinal spread of human RP.

PMID- 4058870
TI  - Dominant exudative vitreoretinopathy.
AB  - Eleven Dutch families with dominant exudative vitreoretinopathy (DEVR) were
      studied. The findings in 81 affected members of these families are listed. DEVR
      is probably based on a late developmental disorder of the foetal retinal vascular
      system. This disease has changed our concepts of the pathogenesis of congenital
      retinal folds. We could not confirm the presence of platelet aggregation defects
      in DEVR.

PMID- 4058871
TI  - Familial nephropathy with retinitis pigmentosa and closed-angle glaucoma.
AB  - A renal syndrome with tapetoretinal degeneration and closed-angled glaucoma and
      transmitted in an autosomal dominant pattern is described. The precise
      classification of this syndrome is unclear but may represent a variant of Alport
      syndrome or nephronophthisis (Senior-Biochis syndrome).

PMID- 4058872
TI  - Visual acuity of infants and children with retinal degenerations.
AB  - Visual acuity for gratings was studied in 18 infants and children with
      generalized retinal degenerations using preferential looking (PL) procedures.
      Diagnoses were Leber's congenital amaurosis (12), Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl-like
      syndromes (4) and metabolic disorders (2). ERG's were extinguished in 11 patients
      and much attenuated in seven patients. Acuities at all ages (two months to 12
      years) were significantly poorer than normal, and patients with extinguished
      ERG's had the poorest acuity. Neurological abnormality or mental retardation,
      present in ten patients, was as likely in patients with 6/60 or poorer grating
      acuity as in patients with better than 6/60 acuity. A comparison group of 12
      infants and children with oculocutaneous albinism showed significantly better
      grating acuities than the patients with retinal degeneration. Relatively good
      grating acuity in infants with no anatomic fovea (oculocutaneous albinism) and
      much poorer acuities of infants with generalized retinal degeneration suggest
      that parafoveal or peripheral retina is necessary and sufficient for normal,
      behaviorally-obtained grating acuity in infancy.

PMID- 4058873
TI  - Eye findings in twins reared apart.
AB  - Twenty-six pairs of reared apart twins were evaluated ophthalmologically.
      Included were 18 monozygotic pairs and eight same sex dizygotic pairs. A high
      concordance of C/D ratios and esotropia was evident. Though reared apart, three
      pairs of esotropic MZ twins had almost simultaneous onsets of diagnosis and
      treatment for their strabismus. Genetic influence on the development of
      refractive errors was evident by the greater similarity of the refractions in MZ
      twins when compared to DZ twins.

PMID- 4058874
TI  - Congenital optic disc deformities. A clinical approach.
AB  - Different kinds of optic disc deformities are considered in this paper. These
      optic disc deformities include the tilted disc, the morning glory syndrome, the
      optic pit and the typical coloboma. All of these optic nerve deformities are
      probably typical and atypical optic disc colobomas. A clinical approach of these
      typical and atypical colobomas included different tests: angiography,
      electrophysiology and psychophysics. The genetic characteristics of these
      colobomas are considered.

PMID- 4058875
TI  - Dominant juvenile optic atrophy.
AB  - Optic atrophy beginning in early childhood and accompanied by tritan-type
      dyschromatopsia, but normal ERG and abnormal VCEP, is described in a family.
      Differential diagnosis of hereditary optic atrophy is discussed.

PMID- 4058876
TI  - Probable autosomal dominant optic atrophy with hearing loss.
AB  - The seventh family manifesting an entity described as automosal dominant optic
      atrophy with hearing loss is reported here. This disorder shows great inter- and
      intrafamilial variation in the onset time and the degree of loss of both vision
      and hearing. Unlike autosomal dominant optic atrophy without hearing loss, it
      appears to be associated with a red-green (deutan) defect in color vision.

PMID- 4058877
TI  - Dominant optic nerve atrophy with progressive hearing loss and chronic
      progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO).
AB  - This paper describes a family where chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
      is associated with dominant optic atrophy and progressive sensorineural deafness.
      This may be a possible association in the same family of two diseases:
      progressive external ophthalmoplegia and dominant optic atrophy with progressive
      hearing loss. However, we believe that this family represents an unusual
      manifestation of ophthalmoplegia plus.

PMID- 4058878
TI  - Variable severity in autosomal dominant optic atrophy.
AB  - There are some indications in the literature on autosomal dominant optic atrophy
      that there are two genetic types - a congenital and a post-natal. This paper
      reviews the ocular findings of three affected members of a family with autosomal
      dominant optic atrophy - a father and two daughters - which appear to fit the
      criteria for a 'congenital' type of optic atrophy. Comparison with an additional
      17 cases indicates that those with an early or congenital onset are at the more
      severe end of a distribution curve of involvement. The less severely affected
      patients were older and often had passed many years with little or no visual
      difficulties. Such variation is a recognized feature of autosomal dominant
      inheritance and is the basis for suggesting that there is probably only one
      genetic locus for autosomal dominant optic atrophy.

PMID- 4058879
TI  - The reliability of Hertel exophthalmometry. Observer variation between physician
      and lay readers.
AB  - In order to quantify and characterize the interobserver variation in
      exophthalmometry and to assess the impact of experience on that variation, four
      observers of varying levels of experience obtained an exophthalmometer reading
      from 100 subjects' right eyes and 97 subjects' left eyes. Observers were masked
      to the measurements of their colleagues. The subjects measured were referrals to
      the eye plastic and orbital service over a three week interval. Substantial
      interobserver variation was demonstrated. Fully one-fourth to one-third of all
      measurements by the three less-experienced observers differed enough from the
      senior observer to be of concern to him. The direction of disagreement varied
      with experience. The least-experienced observer consistently underread whereas
      the more experienced observer slightly overread exophthalmometry, relative to the
      senior observer. As the study progressed, the least-experienced observer's
      reliability increased. Interobserver agreement for this observer was influenced
      by the degree of proptosis presenting in the eye being measured.

PMID- 4058880
TI  - Evaluation of diagnostic capabilities of interactive test strategies in automated
      perimetry.
AB  - Simple strategies for visual field screening with automated perimeters can detect
      abnormalities at acceptable rates. However, the information available from a
      screening field chart is often insufficient to assign the field into a diagnostic
      category, and further field testing is necessary. Automated perimeters can be
      programmed to alter the suprathreshold stimulus intensity based on patient
      response or do further testing in areas of detected abnormality. Two such
      programs were compared to a simple screening method using a single automated
      perimeter in 75 eyes. The charts generated by the interactive programs were more
      diagnostically useful than those produced by the simple strategy. However, these
      interactive strategies produced an increased rate of false alarms and testing
      time which substantially reduced their value as screening visual field tests.

PMID- 4058881
TI  - Medical management of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
AB  - One hundred thirteen consecutive children seen with congenital nasolacrimal duct
      obstruction were treated with local massage and topical antibiotic ointment. The
      obstruction was resolved in 107 patients within eight months of initiation of
      this form of management. Nearly all of the children were spared a surgical
      procedure that probably would have been performed if early probing of the
      nasolacrimal system had been advocated.

PMID- 4058882
TI  - Prevalence of cataracts in a population-based study of persons with diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - Persons with diabetes mellitus have been found to be at increased risk of
      developing cataracts when compared with nondiabetic persons. This report
      describes the study of characteristics which may be related to this problem in a
      population-based sample of diabetic persons. Prevalence of surgical aphakia and
      cataract increased with increasing age in both younger and older onset diabetic
      persons. Females had higher rates than males. In multivariate analyses, for
      younger onset persons, longer duration of diabetes, older age at examination,
      increased severity of retinopathy, diuretic usage and higher glycosylated
      hemoglobin levels were significantly associated with greater prevalence of
      cataract. In older onset persons, age at examination, increased severity of
      retinopathy, diuretic usage, lower intraocular pressure, smoking and lower
      diastolic blood pressure were significantly associated with greater prevalence of
      cataract. Longitudinal data concerning the relationship of some of these
      characteristics to subsequent development or progression of cataract are
      necessary before considering the possibility of preventive trials in this
      condition.

PMID- 4058883
TI  - Assessment of young amblyopes. Array vs. single picture acuities.
AB  - A linear array of intact and "jumbled" symbols suitable for testing young
      children has been used to evaluate 35 young amblyopes. Acuities with the jumbled
      array test were poorer than those obtained with single symbols: the discrepancy
      between the jumbled array and single picture acuities was greater for large
      acuity deficits than small deficits. The depth of amblyopia, indexed by the
      interocular difference in acuity, was greater for the jumbled array than single
      pictures. For the patients who could be tested with lines of Snellen letters the
      jumbled array acuities were closer to line letter acuities than single picture or
      grating acuities. These results suggest that the jumbled array provides a more
      sensitive test of amblyopia in young children than single symbols or gratings,
      possibly because the jumbled array presents contour interactions that exploit the
      crowding phenomenon.

PMID- 4058885
TI  - Factors affecting predictability of radial keratotomy.
AB  - A major criticism of radial keratotomy (RK) has been its lack of predictability,
      a lack due in large measure to the use of simple correlational statistics
      assessing the relationship between refractive result and each predictor-variable
      being evaluated separately. This report utilizes multivariate analysis in an
      attempt to account for the effects of a number of predictor-variables
      simultaneously. Variables studied are patient age, optical zone size, number of
      incisions, mean incision depth, preoperative average keratometry, preoperative
      average applanation tension, patient sex, and age-sex interrelationship. The area
      of the optical clear zone selected by the surgeon was found to be the most
      important factor determining refractive change as a result of RK, explaining one
      quarter to one-half of the variability of the procedure. The effects of the other
      factors and the limitations of the method are discussed. Although this method
      cannot produce a fully predictive equation, we believe this analysis can serve as
      a good starting point for beginning RK surgeons and a method by which experienced
      RK surgeons can improve their techniques.

PMID- 4058884
TI  - Comparison of intracapsular and extracapsular cataract surgery. Histopathologic
      study of eyes obtained postmortem.
AB  - We examined 201 consecutive aphakic and pseudophakic eyes postmortem. Of these,
      146 eyes had undergone intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE) and 55 eyes had
      undergone extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), either with the posterior
      capsule preserved intact (ECCE-CI, 30 eyes) or having had a surgical discission
      performed (ECCE-D, 25 eyes). Wound-related complications were most numerous in
      the ICCE group, and this probably reflects the relatively recent development of
      microsurgical techniques. Posterior vitreous detachment was present in 84% of
      eyes following ICCE, in 76% of eyes following ECCE-D, and in 40% of eyes
      following ECCE-CI (P less than 0.001). Peripheral retinal holes were found in
      8.2% of ICCE eyes, 8.0% after ECCE-D, and 3.3% of eyes after ECCE-CI. Five (3.4%)
      of ICCE eyes had associated retinal detachments, while no ECCE eyes had
      detachments. Macular edema, macular holes, and epiretinal membranes occurred in
      2.1%, 1.4%, 12.3% of ICCE eyes; 4.0%, 0.0%, and 8.0% of ECCE-D eyes; and 0.0%,
      6.7%, and 6.7% of ECCE-CI eyes, respectively.

PMID- 4058886
TI  - Mucus fishing syndrome.
AB  - Twenty-five patients are described with a variety of external ocular diseases
      including keratoconjunctivitis sicca, blepharitis, and allergic conjunctivitis,
      who presented with persistence of symptoms of irritation, foreign body sensation,
      and apparent excessive mucus production, with mild conjunctival inflammation
      despite appropriate treatment of the underlying disease. All patients were found
      to have evidence of trauma to the conjunctival epithelium due to mechanical
      removal of the excess mucus from the surface of the globe or inferior cul-de-sac.
      The surface irritation created by the mechanical damage led to a further increase
      in mucus production, creating a cycle that we have termed mucus fishing syndrome.
      Cessation of this behavior coupled with ongoing therapy of the underlying disease
      led to resolution of signs and symptoms in all patients.

PMID- 4058887
TI  - Complications of surgery in glaucoma. Suprachoroidal expulsive hemorrhage in
      glaucoma patients undergoing intraocular surgery.
AB  - A retrospective study of suprachoroidal expulsive hemorrhage in 1638 consecutive
      cases of intraocular surgery in patients with glaucoma identified 12 cases. A
      brief summary of each is presented. The pathogenesis of suprachoroidal expulsive
      hemorrhage is discussed, emphasizing the increased risk of this surgical
      complication in patients with glaucoma.

PMID- 4058888
TI  - Antibodies to oral mucosa in patients with ocular Behcet's disease.
AB  - A method is reported for the identification of cytoplasmic antibodies in patients
      with Behcet's disease and uveitis. The assay appears positive in at least 80% of
      patients in an American population with definite or probable Behcet's disease and
      60% of patients from a Turkish population with definite Behcet's disease, with a
      false-positive rate of 6.5% among non-Behcet's ocular inflammatory disorders with
      vasculitis. When refined, this test may prove useful to the ophthalmologist in
      selecting out those patients with Behcet's disease from the larger group of
      patients with uveitis for whom no systemic etiology is identified.

PMID- 4058889
TI  - Cat scratch disease bacilli in the conjunctiva of patients with Parinaud's
      oculoglandular syndrome.
AB  - Unilateral conjunctivitis with regional lymphadenitis has been designated
      Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome (POGS). The cause has been attributed to
      various infectious agents, especially leptothrix and the unidentified agent of
      cat scratch disease (CSD). In 1983-84 the cause of CSD in lymph node and skin was
      established as small pleomorphic gram-negative bacilli. We now report identical
      bacteria in the conjunctival lesions of 9 of 24 patients with POGS. This confirms
      the belief that the CSD bacillus is a major cause of POGS.

PMID- 4058891
TI  - Errors in laser spot size in laser trabeculoplasty.

PMID- 4058890
TI  - Pathology of corneal hydrogel alloplastic implants.
AB  - Hydrogel keratophakia is a new form of lamellar refractive surgery which, in
      theory, can deal with almost all forms of refractive error. We examined the
      histopathological effects of several types of hydrogel materials on the cornea of
      non-human primates. With the exception of one type of hydrogel material, which
      was associated with endothelial cell degeneration, only minor histopathologic
      changes were seen up to a maximum of one year of observation, including thinning
      of the epithelium and decreased population of stromal keratocytes. These changes
      did not correlate with any clinical abnormalities. Additional extensive
      preclinical testing and eventual human clinical trials will determine the safety
      and efficacy of this procedure.

PMID- 4058892
TI  - Late effects of radiation on surviving retinoblastoma patients.

PMID- 4058893
TI  - Cause of acute blepharoptosis in diabetes mellitus is mostly an oculomotor nerve
      palsy.

PMID- 4058894
TI  - Symposium on idiopathic osteonecrosis.

PMID- 4058895
TI  - Mechanisms of idiopathic osteonecrosis.
AB  - Bone death is always due to a disparity between the oxygen need of the bone cell
      and the ability of the local circulation to supply that need. As with infarction
      anywhere else, this can be brought about either by interruption of the arterial
      supply or by occlusion of the venous drainage, resulting in stasis and gradual
      oxygen starvation. In this article, these mechanisms and the events surrounding
      them are discussed, and the pathogenetic pathways linking the various clinical
      disorders with osteonecrosis are explored.

PMID- 4058896
TI  - Pathogenesis of idiopathic osteonecrosis: the ubiquitous crescent sign.
AB  - The repair of a large subchondral osteonecrotic lesion follows a precise sequence
      of biologic events. The repair of osteonecrosis becomes clinically significant
      with the development of a subchondral fracture manifested radiographically as the
      crescent sign. Once the subchondral fracture occurs, collapse and subsequent
      degenerative arthritis are generally inevitable. The repair process, radiologic
      appearance, and clinical features (pain and loss of function) are identical
      regardless of the site of the disease.

PMID- 4058897
TI  - Bone scintigraphic changes in osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
AB  - Bone scanning with 99mTc will detect osteonecrosis of the femoral head before
      changes appear in conventional radiographs. There is no liner correlation between
      the intensity of the scintigraphic picture and the clinical stage of the disease.
      The 99mTc labels newly formed hydroxyapatite crystals and may be helpful in
      detecting disease in a contralateral asymptomatic hip or confirming the diagnosis
      in the suspected hip.

PMID- 4058898
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used in the assessment of patients with
      osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Preliminary results indicate that the
      technique is sensitive to early changes that occur within marrow elements as well
      as to later changes that involve trabecular bone. Advantages of MRI include its
      noninvasiveness, the lack of ionizing radiation, a high sensitivity to pathologic
      changes in bone, and the capability of producing images of equal resolution in
      all planes.

PMID- 4058899
TI  - Treatment of idiopathic osteonecrosis: the current philosophy and rationale.
AB  - This article classifies the stages of the disease and proposes, in general terms,
      the appropriate treatment for each stage. A theory to explain the successful
      results that often follow the diagnostic-therapeutic core biopsy is advanced.

PMID- 4058900
TI  - Osteonecrosis of the femoral head treated with the muscle pedicle graft.
AB  - The pedicle graft of the quadratus femoral muscle has been a satisfactory
      surgical alternative for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The
      relief of pain within a few days or weeks of the operation and the absence of
      further destructive changes in the femoral head leading to segmental collapse
      have been striking in patients meeting the criteria that make them candidates for
      this operation. Whether the muscle pedicle operation will have a permanent
      beneficial effect remains to be seen.

PMID- 4058901
TI  - Long-term follow-up of total hip replacement in patients with osteonecrosis.
AB  - Patients with osteonecrosis who undergo total hip replacement experience an
      overall failure rate four times greater than that of patients with osteoarthritis
      who undergo the procedure. Different etiologic factors associated with
      osteonecrosis appear to carry different prognoses for the durability of total hip
      replacements. In addition to discouraging total hip replacement in patients under
      30 to 40 years of age and making all possible efforts at reduction of the
      patient's weight and activity, improvement of bone quality, surgical and
      cementing techniques, prosthetic design, and materials will prolong the
      durability of total hip replacement. Despite the inferior long-term results of
      total hip replacement performed for advanced osteonecrosis, we believe the
      procedure should not be abandoned for patients in their fifth decade or older
      because it provides a painless, functional hip more consistently than any other
      form of arthroplasty. These patients should be informed about the importance of
      protecting the hip replacement by avoiding strenuous activities, impact, and
      obesity and about the possibilities of future mechanical failure, requiring
      revision surgery.

PMID- 4058902
TI  - Biologic fixation arthroplasty in the treatment of osteonecrosis.
AB  - To provide a possible solution to the problem of aseptic loosening of prosthetic
      hip replacement components, the authors treated selected patients who had stage
      IV, V, or VI osteonecrosis with uncemented, porous-coated components on the
      femoral side. These stems are designed for bone ingrowth, with the goal of
      attaining a more viable and permanent interlocking bone between the implant and
      host bone. This article presents the necessary surgical principles and techniques
      for biologic fixation arthroplasty and reports the early results that have been
      obtained.

PMID- 4058903
TI  - Corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis of the humeral head.
AB  - Cortisone-induced osteonecrosis of the shoulder occurs in a fashion that is
      roughly similar to that seen in the hip. It appears that the cortisone itself is
      responsible for the lesion, and patients who develop the condition can have a
      minimal lesion that heals well, a moderate deformity that is well tolerated, or
      severe joint disease requiring surgical correction. A knowledge of the natural
      history of the condition allows for rational and generally successful therapy.

PMID- 4058904
TI  - Osteonecrosis of the knee.
AB  - We have described two entities of osteonecrosis-like syndromes about the knee.
      One involves the medial femoral condyle and may or may not be associated with
      radiolucent lesions and collapse of the femoral condyle. Treatment depends on
      identification of the size and location of the lesion. The other entity is an
      osteonecrosis-like lesion of the tibial plateau. It usually occurs medially and
      may not be associated with radiographic changes. However, increased uptake on a
      bone scan from the medial side of the knee, best noted on the lateral view, will
      identify these lesions. Once the condition is recognized, the patient should be
      treated conservatively until the clinical course is defined. It is important to
      recognize these clinical problems so that unnecessary surgery may be avoided.

PMID- 4058905
TI  - Fact and assumption in studies on the origins of life.
AB  - Proteins and nucleic acids organise metabolic systems very efficiently. Original
      forms of life may have depended on less efficient mechanisms which have been
      superseded in the course of evolutionary selection. Discussion and experiment on
      the origins of life should therefore not depend on the assumption that substances
      and mechanisms, now seemingly essential, were essential initially. Instead we
      should consider what might happen in a few million years on moist mineral
      surfaces, smeared with bituminous material, and exposed to UV light in a reducing
      atmosphere in the absence of predators. What little evidence can be gathered from
      differences in composition and metabolic behaviour between ancient and recently
      evolved species suggests that the trend in biochemical evolution is towards
      simplification.

PMID- 4058906
TI  - On the basis of the studies of the origins of life.

PMID- 4058907
TI  - [Hemodynamic studies during physical exercise in borderline hypertension].

PMID- 4058908
TI  - [Measurement of transmucosal potential difference in the gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 4058909
TI  - [The role of transurethral resection as a safety measure in the management of
      patients with bladder tumors].

PMID- 4058910
TI  - [Association of diabetes mellitus with Kearns-Sayre syndrome].

PMID- 4058911
TI  - [Sex distribution in perinatal mortality].

PMID- 4058912
TI  - [Effect of hormonal contraceptives on the coagulation system with special
      reference to its inhibitors].

PMID- 4058913
TI  - [Auscultation and registration of heart sounds and their clinical significance
      after pacemaker implantation].

PMID- 4058914
TI  - [Bone marrow scintigraphy].

PMID- 4058915
TI  - [Life-threatening hyperkalemia alternating with hypokalemia in kidney diseases].

PMID- 4058916
TI  - [Nomenclature of neonatology].

PMID- 4058918
TI  - [Endocrine aspects of bilateral symmetrical intracerebral calcifications (Fahr
      disease)].

PMID- 4058917
TI  - [Lyme disease--tick-borne borreliosis in Hungary].

PMID- 4058919
TI  - [Significance of hypothermia in renal surgery].

PMID- 4058920
TI  - [Limits of rationalization of thyroid function tests].

PMID- 4058921
TI  - Colloid cyst of the third ventricle.

PMID- 4058922
TI  - Manager of small practice faces unique problems.

PMID- 4058923
TI  - Syphilis in rural Pennsylvania.

PMID- 4058924
TI  - Computers, medical data, and statistics.

PMID- 4058925
TI  - Sympathetic blocks for reflex sympathetic dystrophy.
AB  - Seventy-one patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the lower extremities
      were studied during a 3-year period. Of the 27 patients managed by conservative
      means, 11 (41%) showed signs of improvement 3 years after the onset of syndrome.
      Of the 43 patients treated by sympathetic nerve blocks, 28 (65%) experienced
      progress at the 3-year evaluation. Data suggest that early treatment with
      repeated sympathetic nerve blocks appears to improve the long-term outcome.

PMID- 4058926
TI  - Sleep disturbance in pain clinic patients.
AB  - One hundred out-patients, referred to a multidisciplinary pain clinic for the
      management of chronic pain, were questioned regarding their sleeping habits and
      were grouped according to whether they reported 'good,' 'fair' or 'poor' sleep.
      All patients were administered questionnaires to measure illness behaviour,
      depression and anxiety. Information was also obtained regarding the site,
      intensity and quality of pain as well as amount of general activity. 'Good' and
      'poor' sleepers were found to differ on most measures, particularly depression,
      pain intensity, activity levels and hypochondriasis. These findings suggest that
      reported sleep disturbance may provide an index of impairment and act as an
      indicator of psychological disturbance in chronic pain patients.

PMID- 4058927
TI  - Psychological normality and abnormality in persistent headache patients.
AB  - One hundred and three patients referred to a neurological outpatient clinic were
      examined to assess the relationship between persistent headache, not due to
      significant physical illness, and emotional disturbance. Overall, the patients
      showed slightly more evidence of emotional disturbance than a general practice
      population but less than psychiatric outpatients. Thus, with cut-off points of
      4/5 and 9/10 on the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ 28) the whole group had 52%
      or 20% of psychiatric 'cases' respectively. On the Crown-Crisp Experiential Index
      the 70 females had mean total scores of 37.19 +/- 11.11 and the 33 males had
      scores of 31.79 +/- 11.36. In addition the childhood experiences measured by the
      Parental Bonding Instrument appeared to be normal. Seven patients had significant
      depressive illness, according to the Levine-Pilowsky Depression Questionnaire.
      Statistically significant differences in psychological state did not emerge
      between the diagnoses of cluster headache, classical migraine, common migraine,
      tension headache or combined headache. However, negative correlations were found
      between the duration of illness and measures of anxiety. It is concluded that
      although the emotional state contributes to the development of pain and headache
      in some patients, there are others in whom comparable headaches are unlikely to
      be due to emotional factors. Selection effects are held to be important and some
      of the emotional changes will vary at different phases of a chronic disorder. A
      new symptom may initially cause anxiety but when a condition persists some
      patients will be increasingly concerned or depressed whilst others develop
      tolerance for the situation.

PMID- 4058928
TI  - Pain laterality in relation to site of pain and diagnosis.
AB  - A retrospective study of pain laterality was performed on a sample of 1006
      patients suffering from chronic pain attending the Centre for Pain Relief, Walton
      Hospital, Liverpool, U.K. 769 patients reported unilateral pain. There was no
      significant difference in the numbers presenting with right-sided and left-sided
      pain. When the data for different sites of pain were analysed separately a
      similar picture emerged. No statistically significant differences in the
      frequency of left- and right-sided pain were found at any site. Similarly, when
      the data for different diagnoses were examined, there were no significant
      differences in the laterality of the pain found in any diagnostic category. This
      study fails to support the general hypothesis that pain, when lateralised, occurs
      more frequently on the left.

PMID- 4058929
TI  - Stress-induced analgesia in the mouse: strain comparisons.
AB  - Inescapable footshock is capable of differentially activating opioid- and non
      opioid-mediated mechanisms of stress-induced analgesia in the rat, depending on
      the temporal and intensive parameters of its administration. In this study we
      compared the effects of opioid and non-opioid stress analgesia in two strains of
      mice, one known to be deficient in central opioid binding sites (CXBK) and one
      normal in this regard (C57BL/6BY). We found that although the C57 strain showed
      robust opioid and non-opioid stress analgesia, the CXBK strain only showed stress
      analgesia of the non-opioid type.

PMID- 4058930
TI  - Two separate components of pain produced by the submaximal effort tourniquet
      technique.

PMID- 4058931
TI  - [Changes in the inotropic rhythmic dependence in the guinea pig myocardium as
      affected by ischemia of various durations].

PMID- 4058932
TI  - [Changes in the myocardium in the crush syndrome].

PMID- 4058933
TI  - [Temporal characteristics of the autoregulation process of local cerebral blood
      flow in hypo- and hypertension].

PMID- 4058934
TI  - [Training of young scientists and scientific schools].

PMID- 4058935
TI  - [Prediction of the action of fasting diet therapy by studying sympathetic-adrenal
      activity of patients with neuroses].

PMID- 4058936
TI  - [Colchicine-like phenomenon after interruption of the parasympathetic innervation
      to the human parotid gland].

PMID- 4058937
TI  - [Changes in the level of inhibitors of pancreatic proteolytic enzymes in
      pancreatitis in rats].

PMID- 4058938
TI  - [Effect of the epiphyseal hormone melatonin on thyroid functional activity in
      rats].

PMID- 4058939
TI  - [Circadian time organization of normal human excretion of corticosteroid
      fractions and following alcohol exposure].

PMID- 4058940
TI  - [Experimental therapy of acute thrombosis using a tissue plasminogen activator].

PMID- 4058941
TI  - [The hemostasis system in the dynamics of protein sensitization].

PMID- 4058943
TI  - [Current status and tasks of teaching pathological physiology in medical
      colleges].

PMID- 4058942
TI  - [Mechanisms of endogenous antipyresis].

PMID- 4058944
TI  - [Mechanisms of sudden death in ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 4058945
TI  - Gifted children--the pediatrician's role.

PMID- 4058946
TI  - Defining giftedness.

PMID- 4058947
TI  - Identifying gifted children: the state of the art.

PMID- 4058948
TI  - Problems of gifted children.

PMID- 4058949
TI  - The gifted learning disabled child: not a paradox.

PMID- 4058950
TI  - Educational options for gifted children.

PMID- 4058951
TI  - Modern concepts in pediatric hematology.

PMID- 4058952
TI  - The numerical analysis of pressure-flow curves in infancy.
AB  - Lung resistance (RL) and airway resistance (Raw) were measured in 33 healthy and
      sick infants. Using strict criteria for quality control, calibrated pressure-flow
      (P-V) curves were produced with the aid of a computer so that resistance could be
      analyzed at several points over the breathing cycle. In a subgroup of 11 infants
      from whom simultaneous measurements were obtained, values of RL and Raw were
      comparable, suggesting that the tissue component may make only a minimal
      contribution to lung resistance in infants. For both RL and Raw, the P-V
      relationship remained linear up to 50% maximum inspiratory flow in all infants.
      At other points of the respiratory cycle, there were marked changes in
      resistance, values calculated between points of mid-isovolume or peak pressure
      being significantly higher than those measured over the linear portion of
      inspiratory flow. While no single value can accurately reflect the changes in
      respiratory resistance that occur during the breathing cycle, the authors suggest
      that for purposes of comparison, RL or Raw should be measured as the slope of the
      inspiratory loop from the origin up to 50% of maximum inspiratory flow. From a
      calibrated tidal pressure flow curve values of resistance over other portions of
      the breathing cycle can easily be determined.

PMID- 4058953
TI  - Flow-pressure looping during plethysmography in wheezy infants.
AB  - Marked looping of the expiratory portion of the flow-pressure relationship was
      noted in some infants during measurements of airway resistance in a whole-body
      plethysmograph while the respired air was maintained at body temperature and
      humidity. An investigation of 13 infants who had varying degrees of airway
      obstruction showed that there was a negative correlation (r = 0.72) between the
      severity of the looping and specific airway conductance (SGaw). An even stronger
      correlation (r = 0.85) was found between the tangent of the angle of phase lag
      between flow and pressure (theta) and the forced expiratory time constant (t)
      obtained from the partial forced expiratory flow-volume curve. Such a
      relationship would be predicted from a model in which the lung behaved as a
      simple electrical resistance-capacitance network during expiration. It is
      suggested that the looping is the result of small airway closure during
      expiration in wheezy infants, with a consequent rise in resistance and
      prolongation of the time constant of the lung.

PMID- 4058954
TI  - Pressure-flow curves in infancy.
AB  - Calibrated pressure-flow (P-V) curves were plotted by computer using data from
      both the plethysmographic method for measuring airway resistance and the
      esophageal balloon technique for measuring lung resistance. P-V curves from 100
      sick, healthy, and convalescent infants (age range 2 days to 19 months, weight
      range 0.9-10.4 kg) were classified into five distinctive types according to shape
      and direction of looping. Two of these patterns, one with a virtually closed, the
      other with a narrow figure-of-eight loop, reflected the normal physiologic
      changes in airway caliber that may occur during tidal breathing. The remaining
      three patterns, with far more marked changes in resistance, were associated with
      particular pathophysiologic mechanisms of airway obstruction. A wide figure-of
      eight configuration, in which the expiratory loop rotated clockwise with marked
      flow limitation toward end expiration, was found for infants with chronic lung
      disease. By contrast, a rise in initial expiratory resistance due to dynamic
      glottic narrowing, with an anticlockwise rotated expiratory P-V loop, occurred in
      infants with reduced or unstable lung volumes. A clockwise inspiratory loop was
      observed only for infants intubated during the neonatal period, many of whom had
      clinical evidence of extrathoracic airway obstruction. Inspection and analysis of
      P-V curves provides more information about the state of the airways than does a
      single numerical expression of resistance. However, since normal patterns of P-V
      curves are not restricted to infants with healthy airways, a combined qualitative
      and quantitative approach to these measurements is recommended.

PMID- 4058955
TI  - Call for a smoke-free society.

PMID- 4058957
TI  - The assessment of pulmonary arterial pressures in bronchopulmonary dysplasia by
      cardiac catheterization and M-mode echocardiography.
AB  - Severe (Stage IV) bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has been associated with
      pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure, with a mortality rate of 39%.
      Recently, M-mode echocardiography has been used to measure right-sided systolic
      time intervals (the ratio of right ventricular pre-ejection period to ejection
      time; RVPEP/RVET), with a value greater than 0.35 predicting pulmonary
      hypertension. This measurement has also been used to predict outcome of BPD and
      response to oxygen therapy. A retrospective study of six infants with Stage IV
      BPD who had had cardiac catheterizations and M-mode echocardiography is reported.
      By catheterization criteria, four of the six had pulmonary hypertension. By
      echocardiographic criteria, only two of the six had unequivocally prolonged
      RVPEP/RVET ratios, and correlations with mean or diastolic pulmonary arterial
      pressures were poor (0.069 and 0.255, respectively). The validity of M-mode
      echocardiography in the assessment of the pulmonary vascular bed in Stage IV BPD
      is open to debate, and its role in predicting outcome and response to therapy is
      unknown.

PMID- 4058956
TI  - Endogenous opiates and response to exercise in asthmatic children and
      adolescents.
AB  - Whether endorphins secreted during stressful exercise may play a role in the
      physiologic response of asthmatics was investigated. Thirteen asthmatic subjects
      were studied: seven (mean age 16 years +/- 2.8 SEM) had perennial asthma and
      exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB), and six (mean age 18 years +/- 2) had mild
      seasonal asthma without EIB. Each subject performed two matched progressive
      exercise challenges on consecutive days. Baseline lung function was measured
      before each challenge and was measured again after exercise at regular intervals
      for 30 minutes. One minute before exercise each subject received intravenously
      either i.v. naloxone (0.04 mg/kg), an opiate receptor blocker, or saline, in a
      double-blind crossover fashion. Heart rate, oxygen consumption, minute
      ventilation, tidal volume, and arterial oxygen saturation were recorded
      throughout the tests. During the two challenges these parameters were not
      significantly different for all 13 patients. The mean percentage reduction in
      FEV1 after exercise for the seven subjects with EIB was slightly but not
      significantly less with naloxone (25% +/- 7 SEM) than with placebo (32% +/- 7)
      during the first 10 minutes after exercise. Naloxone had no obvious effect on EIB
      or the other parameters measured in association with strenuous exercise in
      asthmatic patients.

PMID- 4058958
TI  - Post-infarction peripheral cysts of the lung in pediatric patients: a possible
      cause of idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax.
AB  - Occlusion of the main pulmonary artery to the right lung in a newborn infant
      produced peripheral (subpleural) infarction of the lung and cyst formation. Two
      older infants were found at autopsy to have subpleural cysts of the upper lobes.
      One had had surgery for repair of an atrial septal defect and a patent ductus
      arteriosus eight months prior to death, while the second had died suddenly of
      carbon monoxide intoxication. The authors suggest that pulmonary arterial
      occlusion may have been responsible for cyst formation in all three cases and may
      produce cysts in other infants that lead to idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax
      in older children and young adults. The presence of bronchopulmonary arteries in
      fetuses and newborn infants may provide the mechanism for the production of
      subpleural cysts following pulmonary arterial occlusion.

PMID- 4058959
TI  - Respiratory resistance and impedance magnitude in healthy children aged 2-18
      years.
AB  - Two hundred eighteen healthy children aged 2 to 18 years were studied using a
      modification of the forced oscillation technique. Reference values with height as
      predictor were determined for total respiratory resistance and impedance during
      inspiration, expiration, and throughout the whole respiratory cycle at an
      oscillation frequency of 4 Hz and, in a subpopulation of 61 children, at
      frequencies of 2 and 12 Hz. Mean total inspiratory resistance, determined at 4
      Hz, decreased with growth from 1.3 kPa X 1(-1) X s at 2 years of age to 0.3 kPa X
      1(-1) X s at 18 years. Variability in the results between individuals, expressed
      in terms of coefficient of variation, was found to be +27% and -21%,
      respectively, and within individuals, 9%. Resistance during expiration was on
      average 16% higher than during inspiration and the variability within individuals
      was 11%. A marked decrease in resistance was found in small children when the
      frequency was increased from 2 to 12 Hz. The frequency dependence of respiratory
      resistance observed in small children changes gradually with growth, in parallel
      with the reduction of total respiratory resistance, to an adult pattern in which
      no significant change in resistance can be noted between frequencies of 2 and 12
      Hz.

PMID- 4058960
TI  - Normal values for forced oscillatory respiratory resistance in children.
AB  - Forced oscillatory respiratory resistance was measured in 138 healthy children
      aged 2- to 16-years-old using a commercial unit. Regression analysis was
      performed using the resistance measurements obtained at frequencies of 6 Hz and
      26 Hz and averages of measurements obtained at frequencies of from 6-26 Hz, 6-10
      Hz, and 22-26 Hz. The analysis suggested that regression curves and 95%
      confidence intervals obtained using a quadratic model with height as the
      independent variable provided the best prediction of normal values and their
      ranges. Three independent sets of resistance measurements, which were obtained
      for all 138 subjects, were used to calculate the average individual coefficients
      of variation (CV) for the five resistance parameters noted above; these ranged
      from 9 to 13%. This analysis suggested that the expected CV of repeated
      measurements would be about 10%. Finally, values from 13 children who had asthma
      with mild bronchial obstruction (FEV1 less than 80% of predicted) were compared
      with the normal values derived from the regression curves. Values from all but
      two of the children fell within the reference intervals, suggesting that FEV1 may
      be a more sensitive measure of obstruction than forced oscillatory resistance.
      The main applications of this new approach may be in the evaluation of young
      children, in following individual patients, and in bronchodilation and bronchial
      challenge tests.

PMID- 4058961
TI  - Chronic bronchopulmonary disease and gastroesophageal reflux in children.
AB  - Fifty-four children who had chronic bronchopulmonary disease (CBPD) were
      investigated for the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER). An activity
      score for CBPD and a numerical reflux score using criteria from a pH probe study
      were established. Results of barium esophagography, endoscopy, and prolonged
      esophageal pH probe monitoring were abnormal in 67, 78, and 53% of the patients,
      respectively. A significant relationship was found between the CBPD activity
      score and the reflux score; this strongly suggests that, in the patients studied,
      GER was responsible for the bronchopulmonary symptoms. Antireflux therapy
      resulted in an improvement of the CBPD activity score in all patients who had
      abnormal reflux scores. The mean CBPD activity score was 4.4 and 1.3 before and
      after antireflux therapy, respectively (P less than 0.01). Most patients who had
      normal reflux scores did not improve on antireflux therapy.

PMID- 4058962
TI  - Computed tomography in young children with herpes simplex virus encephalitis.
AB  - Computed tomographic (CT) scans were obtained from eight infants and young
      children with herpes simplex virus encephalitis. In two cases the initial scan
      showed diffuse edematous changes as a mass effect without laterality. Unilateral
      localized low attenuation in the initial scan was evident 4 days after the onset
      in one patient, and high attenuation in the initial scan appeared on the 6th day
      in another patient, but in general, it was not possible to establish an early
      diagnosis of herpes simplex virus encephalitis from CT scan. In the longitudinal
      study the calcification with ventriculomegaly appeared in 3 of 5 survivors, and
      gyriform calcification in 2 of 3 patients, respectively. The appearance of
      multicystic encephalomalacia was evident in one patient 6 months after the onset
      of neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis. It is shown that the CT findings of
      neonates and young children with herpes simplex encephalitis are different from
      those of older children and adults, and the importance of longitudinal CT studies
      was stressed in clarifying the pathophysiology of the central nervous system
      involvement in survivors.

PMID- 4058963
TI  - A spectrum of bronchopulmonary anomalies associated with tracheoesophageal
      malformations.
AB  - The combination of tracheoesophageal and pulmonary malformations is unusual and
      reportedly carries a high mortality. We have observed six patients with
      esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula and one with a bronchoesophageal
      fistula who had associated bronchopulmonary anomalies ranging from lobar
      hypoplasia and agenesis to unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia or agenesis. All of
      the pulmonary malformations were right-sided. Vertebral or rib anomalies were
      present in five patients, congenital heart disease in two, imperforate anus in
      one and one patient had radial aplasia and Pierre Robin syndrome. The
      bronchopulmonary anomalies complicated the surgical care of tracheoesophageal
      malformations and required radiologic differentiation from aspiration pneumonia
      and atelectasis. Six of the seven patients survived. Mortality and morbidity were
      related to complications and associated cardiac anomalies as well as severity of
      the lung anomaly.

PMID- 4058964
TI  - Chronic intestinal obstruction mimicking malrotation in children.
AB  - Three children with acute bowel obstruction were suspected of having malrotation
      because each had low position of their duodenojejunal junction (dj-j) on upper
      gastrointestinal examination. At laparotomy, there was no malrotation and other
      causes were found for the bowel obstruction. All three had chronic intestinal
      dilatation. We suggest that long-standing intestinal distention may cause
      inferior displacement of the dj-j, thereby mimicking incomplete rotation of the
      midgut, and abnormal mesenteric fixation.

PMID- 4058965
TI  - Biliary scintigraphy in children with sickle cell anemia and acute abdominal
      pain.
AB  - The patterns of radionuclide hepatobiliary scans in nine children with sickle
      cell disease and acute right upper quadrant abdominal pain were reviewed. The
      most common pattern observed was delayed gall bladder visualization, consistent
      with chronic cholecystitis. The value of hepatobiliary imaging in distinguishing
      acute cholecystitis from crisis is presented.

PMID- 4058966
TI  - An angiographic catheter technique for selective endobronchial intubation.
AB  - Three children requiring selective endobronchial intubation were treated with a
      technique utilizing an angiographic catheter as a guide for the endotracheal
      tube. The procedure was successful in all three children and there were no long
      term complications. Performed properly the technique is rapid, safe and avoids
      uncontrolled attempts at endobronchial intubation or the need for a flexible
      fiberoptic bronchoscope.

PMID- 4058968
TI  - Septal aneurysm with associated anomalies.
AB  - A 15-year-old boy had a history of a functional systolic murmur with systolic and
      diastolic murmurs and radiological evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy. The
      angiocardiogram demonstrated an aneurysm of the membranous septum, bicuspid
      aortic valve, dilatation of the left subclavian artery and left common carotid
      artery. Echocardiography showed a holosystolic prolapse of the mitral valve with
      mitral insufficiency and a bicuspid aortic valve with insignificant incompetence
      of the aortic valve. Classical TM mode echocardiography did not show an aneurysm
      of the membranous septum.

PMID- 4058967
TI  - Cloverleaf skull with generalised bone dysplasia. Report of a case with short
      review of the literature.
AB  - A case of cloverleaf skull with generalised bone dysplasia is reported. The
      authors believe that bone dysplasia associated with cloverleaf is neither
      identical with thanatophoric dysplasia nor achondroplasia. Until identity of
      thanatophoric dysplasia and cloverleaf skull with generalised bone dysplasia is
      proved the diseases should be looked upon as separate entities and the wording
      "thanatophoric dysplasia with cloverleaf skull" should be abolished.

PMID- 4058969
TI  - Aortic aneurysm in a 5-year-old girl.
AB  - Computed tomography in a 5-year-old girl revealed a central calcified
      retroperitoneal mass which was shown on subsequent arteriography to be an aortic
      aneurysm.

PMID- 4058970
TI  - Tetralogy of Fallot with origin of left pulmonary artery from the ascending
      aorta.
AB  - Anomalous origin of the left pulmonary artery in tetralogy of Fallot was
      diagnosed in a 4-year-old boy be cardiac catheterization. Corrective surgery was
      performed. The child died immediately following the surgical procedure.
      Postmortem examination revealed obstructive pulmonary vascular disease of the
      left lung and normal histology of right lung vessels. Early recognition and
      surgical correction of the anomaly is important with the view to preventing
      obstructive pulmonary vascular disease.

PMID- 4058971
TI  - Duplication of the caecum in a neonate simulating intussusception.
AB  - A case of caecal duplication in a 36-h-old neonate is described. The patient
      presented with vomiting and an abdominal mass and the barium enema finding was
      initially suggestive of intussusception. At laparotomy a duplication cyst
      completely obstructing the lumen was found. This was considered to have given the
      radiological picture simulating intussusception.

PMID- 4058972
TI  - Benign ureteral fibrous polyp as a cause of obstruction in children.
AB  - In an 11-year-old boy with intermittent colicky flank pain for several years
      unilateral obstruction caused by benign ureteral fibrous polyps was found. The
      radiologic characteristics are discussed and the need for conservative surgery is
      stressed.

PMID- 4058974
TI  - Amino acids in amniotic fluid in the second trimester of gestation.
AB  - The concentrations of amino acids in amniotic fluid have been used in the
      prenatal diagnosis of several inherited metabolic disorders. However, previous
      studies have usually examined only a small number of control amniotic fluid
      samples. We have, therefore, measured the amino acids in amniotic fluid samples
      from 183 normal pregnancies between the 13th and the 23rd wk gestation of women
      ranging in age from 17 to 43 yr. The concentrations of Ala, Lys, Val, Glu, Pro,
      Thr, and Gly, in descending order, accounted for about 70% of the amino acids in
      amniotic fluids. A negative correlation with gestational age (-0.34 to -0.24) was
      found for Leu, Val, Ile, Phe, Lys, Ala, Asp, Tyr, Glu, and Pro, with Leu showing
      the greatest rate of change. The concentration of Gln increased slightly (r =
      0.18), whereas the other amino acids did not change significantly during this
      period. Statistically significant positive correlations, at all gestational ages,
      were observed among Val, Leu, and Ile. These branched-chain amino acids also
      correlated positively with Phe, Lys, Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Pro, Gly, Ala, and Tyr,
      and the amino acids within this group correlated with each other. Additionally,
      strong positive correlations were observed between Phe and Tyr and between Gly
      and Ser. No significant correlations were found between any of the amino acids
      and maternal age or fetal sex. Significant positive correlations between amino
      acids may be indicative of common transport or degradative pathways and suggest
      that maintenance of specific relative concentrations in amniotic fluid may be
      essential for normal fetal development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4058973
TI  - Chronic hypoxemia in the newborn lamb: cardiovascular, hematopoietic, and growth
      adaptations.
AB  - We have created a model of chronic hypoxemia in the newborn lamb by decreasing
      pulmonary blood flow in the presence of an atrial septal defect. Via a left
      lateral thoracotomy, we place an inflatable balloon around the pulmonary artery
      and perform an atrial septostomy under direct vision. We also insert several
      vascular catheters and place an electromagnetic flow transducer around the
      ascending aorta. Three days after surgery, we inflated the balloon in 11 lambs
      such that arterial oxygen saturation decreased to 60 to 75%. Studies were
      performed on these lambs twice weekly and weekly on 12 normoxemic lambs. Growth
      decreased sharply (47 +/- 123 versus 221 +/- 82 g/day) at the onset of hypoxemia
      and remained low, although oxygen consumption followed the normal gradual
      decline. Heart rate remained elevated throughout the study. Arterial PCO2 levels
      decreased from 40 +/- 5 to 35 +/- 7 torr and remained low. Systemic blood flow
      decreased at balloon inflation but quickly returned to normal. Mixed venous
      saturation was low, but could decrease further with shivering. Systemic oxygen
      delivery decreased initially but returned to normal as Hb concentration rose
      (from 9.4 +/- 1.5 to 12.5 +/- 2.2 g/dl). P50 increased normally over the study
      period. Four of the 11 hypoxemic lambs died during the study. These data show
      that, in the chronically hypoxemic newborn, systemic oxygen delivery is
      maintained primarily by a rising Hb. Total body oxygen consumption is maintained
      at rest but is redistributed away from anabolic requirements and toward
      cardiorespiratory work. This signal to decrease growth occurs despite less than
      maximal oxygen extraction at rest.

PMID- 4058975
TI  - A noninvasive method for monitoring intestinal ischemia: changes in the pulmonary
      clearance of helium instilled into the colon as an index of colonic blood flow.
AB  - To evaluate the concept that changes in colonic blood flow will predictably alter
      the absorption of colonic gas, we measured the pulmonary clearance rate of helium
      (CHe) which was instilled rectally into the colon of rabbits at a dose of 2
      ml/kg. CHE reached a plateau after 20 min at 109 nmol/min/kg. Using hypoxemia as
      a cause for bowel ischemia, at PAO2 = 38 torr, we noted a marked decreased in CHe
      from 110 nmol/min/kg to 75 nmol/min/kg (p less than 0.025). Because helium
      absorption from the colon is diffusion limited, a model can be developed relating
      "subvillus" colonic blood flow to pulmonary helium clearance. From this model we
      would predict the hypoxemia induced change in CHe to be secondary to colonic
      hypoperfusion. This type of indirect monitoring could be useful in detecting
      patients with bowel ischemia.

PMID- 4058976
TI  - Clearance of bilirubin from rat brain after reversible osmotic opening of the
      blood-brain barrier.
AB  - Utilizing multicomponent spectrophotometry, we assayed the bilirubin content of
      rat cerebral hemispheres. With this assay, we determined the clearance of
      bilirubin from the rat brain following reversible, osmotic opening of the blood
      brain barrier. Clearance was rapid, with a half-time of 1.7 h. This half-time was
      the same as that for clearance of bilirubin from the serum, suggesting that brain
      bilirubin was removed by transport or diffusion back into the general
      circulation. Osmotic opening does not damage brain tissue. Thus, in the undamaged
      rat brain, bilirubin is rapidly cleared, in contrast to its persistence in
      autopsy-proven human kernicterus. The potential for clearance of bilirubin from
      human neonatal brain should be considered, especially in the absence of
      underlying tissue damage.

PMID- 4058977
TI  - Susceptibility of human and porcine neutrophils to hypothermia in vitro.
AB  - Hypothermia may contribute to serious life-threatening infections. An
      experimental model has been established in pigs in order to study the effects of
      hypothermia on host bacterial defenses. The function of blood neutrophils from
      pigs and humans was examined in vitro at 37 and 29 degrees C. Bacterial killing
      of Staphylococcus aureus 502A by human neutrophils after 90 and 180 min
      incubation at 29 degrees C was reduced to 76 +/- 6% and 83 +/- 7% of killing at
      37 degrees C. Porcine neutrophil killing was similarly reduced at 90 min (72 +/-
      9%) and remained significantly impaired after 180 min (52 +/- 11%). Phagocytosis
      of ORO-DP-LPS particles by human neutrophils after 5 min at 29 degrees C was 40
      +/- 5% of that at 37 degrees C and only 55 +/- 7% after 15 min by which time
      maximum phagocytosis had occurred at 37 degrees C. Porcine neutrophils ingested
      significantly less ORO (68 +/- 8%) after 5 min at 29 degrees C and reached normal
      values by 15 min. Stimulation of hexose monophosphate pathway in human
      neutrophils for 20 min at 29 degrees C was only 13 +/- 5% of that at 37 degrees C
      and required 2 h of stimulation to reach normal values. Porcine cells were
      reduced to 74 +/- 9% after 20 min incubation and reached normal values by 30 min.
      Directed neutrophil migration as assessed under agarose was impaired for both
      human (39 +/- 6%) and porcine (20 +/- 4%) neutrophils at 29 degrees C compared to
      37 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4058978
TI  - The short child with subnormal plasma somatomedin C.
AB  - In 59 male and 59 female healthy children of average stature between 7 and 10 yr
      old, the normal range of plasma somatomedin C was investigated. The 95% tolerance
      limits narrowed progressively when the child's plasma somatomedin C status was
      described by the mean of one, two, three, or four determinations at 6-wk
      intervals. The 95% tolerance limits were therefore based on the mean of four
      determinations. In 97 children, age 7 to 10, below the 3.0 percentile in height,
      44 had an average plasma somatomedin C below the 2.5 percentile. Among these
      hyposomatomedinemic short children, 19 were partially or totally deficient in
      growth hormone, 20 had normal immunoreactive growth hormone responses to dopa,
      glucagon, and sleep (nongrowth hormone deficient), and five had borderline
      provocative tests. Both growth hormone deficient and nongrowth hormone deficient
      children showed significant linear growth responses to 6-month courses of human
      growth hormone (0.16 to 0.70 unit/kg/wk). The responses of the latter group were
      50 to 90% as great as those of the former.

PMID- 4058979
TI  - Iron deficiency in the rat: effects on energy metabolism in brown adipose tissue.
AB  - Mitochondria were prepared from the brown adipose tissue of control rats and
      animals made iron deficient by means of a low iron diet. The specific activities
      of the mitochondrial electron transport system (NADH, succinate and alpha
      glycerophosphate oxidase activities) were markedly and significantly reduced in
      preparations of brown adipose tissue from the iron-deficient rats as compared
      with preparations from the control animals. In contrast, concentrations of the
      cytochrome pigments a + a3, and c + c1 were normal and cytochrome b was slightly
      reduced (18%) in the mitochondrial preparations from the iron-deficient animals.
      Treatment of the iron-deficient animals with triiodothyronine significantly
      increased the amount of brown fat present per kilogram of body weight in both
      control and iron-deficient rats, but did not significantly affect the specific
      activities of the mitochondrial electron transport system.

PMID- 4058980
TI  - Human milk cell migration and production of monocyte chemotactic factor: lack of
      activity.
AB  - The lymphocytes of human breast milk have been previously shown to be
      immunologically competent while the monocytes have been described as actively
      motile in some reports but not in another. Cells were separated from milk samples
      collected by lactating women 2 to 9 days postpartum. Milk cell migration and
      production of the lymphokine, monocyte chemotactic factor, by milk cells were
      assayed using membrane filters. Milk cells were poorly motile although prior
      culturing improved their migratory ability. Cell-free milk was chemotactic for
      blood monocytes. Chemotactic factor production was detected in only two of 16
      phytohemagglutinin-stimulated milk cell cultures.

PMID- 4058981
TI  - Monitoring patients in pediatric intensive care.
AB  - All admissions to a 16-bed multidisciplinary pediatric intensive care unit (PICU)
      were evaluated during two time periods totaling 13.5 months. Daily evaluations of
      therapeutic and monitoring care modalities were accomplished with the Therapeutic
      Intervention Scoring System (TISS) and daily assessments of severity of illness
      were done by using the Physiologic Stability Index. Of the 822 patients included
      in this study, 226 (27.5%) never received a therapy that could only be given in
      the PICU. These patients were known as the monitoring group and used 7.5%
      (297/3,969) of the bed days. The percentage of Therapeutic Intervention Scoring
      System points used by the monitoring patients was 3.6% (3,575/100,109). All
      patients who were monitored survived; 213 (94.2%) were classified as low
      mortality risk based on their level of physiologic stability. These data indicate
      that a significant percentage of PICU patients never receive a therapy that
      requires the PICU but only receive monitoring and routine care techniques.
      Significant reductions in PICU use could occur with more efficient usage.

PMID- 4058982
TI  - Long-term morbidity of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
AB  - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia occurred in 179 infants discharged from a regional
      neonatal intensive care unit between 1975 and 1982. Perinatal and outcome factors
      were compared for these study infants and a group of 112 controls matched for
      birth weight category and year of birth. There were multiple differences between
      study infants and controls in demographic, diagnostic, and therapeutic items, all
      of which were categorized as pulmonary items occurring before and after the
      development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and nonpulmonary items. The
      postdischarge death rate was 11.2% in infants and 0.9% in control infants (P less
      than .001). Ongoing morbidity was most marked in the areas of health history,
      physical examination, growth, and vision. Neurodevelopmental abnormalities and
      hearing abnormalities occurred slightly more frequently in study infants than in
      controls but not significantly so. Major developmental abnormalities were less
      frequent in this population than has been the case in other follow-up studies in
      this area. This group of infants requires close postdischarge observation because
      ongoing morbidity and postdischarge mortality, part of which may be preventable,
      are frequent.

PMID- 4058983
TI  - Familial vocal cord dysfunction.
AB  - Vocal cord paralysis is a common cause of neonatal stridor. Familial vocal cord
      dysfunction, however, is unusual. All three siblings in one family had neonatal
      stridor. Vocal cord dysfunction was confirmed after endoscopic examination in two
      of the children; a temporary tracheotomy was required by one child. Results of
      evaluation, including pulmonary function tests, suggest discrete dysfunction
      localized to the neuromuscular pathway responsible for vocal cord abduction.
      Endoscopy is of prime importance in the diagnosis of vocal cord dysfunction. In
      considering therapy, the physician must weigh both the potentially life
      threatening nature of vocal cord paralysis, as well as the likelihood of eventual
      spontaneous resolution of many familial and idiopathic cases.

PMID- 4058984
TI  - Childhood sarcoidosis manifesting as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Sarcoidosis in childhood may manifest primarily as arthropathy and uveitis,
      mimicking juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. The characteristic appearance and course
      of the inflammation at these sites, particularly the uveitis, is often a major
      clue to correct diagnosis. These children generally do not have the fulminant
      systemic manifestations such as pulmonary disease usually ascribed to
      sarcoidosis.

PMID- 4058985
TI  - Nutritionally relevant supplementation of vitamin B6 in lactating women: effect
      on plasma prolactin.
AB  - Pharmacologic doses of vitamin B6 administered to lactating women have been
      reported to suppress plasma prolactin. As a result, some physicians have
      recommended restriction of vitamin B6 intake for lactating women. In the present
      investigation, 20 lactating women were given supplemental doses of vitamin B6,
      0.5 to 4.0 mg/d, beginning 24 hours after delivery. Plasma prolactin, plasma
      pyridoxal phosphate, and breast milk total vitamin B6 concentrations were
      determined during the first 9 months postpartum. Women receiving the supplement
      of 4.0 mg compared with 0.5 mg of vitamin B6 per day had significantly higher
      plasma pyridoxal phosphate (P less than .01) and breast milk total vitamin B6
      concentrations (P less than .05) beginning at 1 month postpartum and continuing
      through the duration of the study. Plasma prolactin concentrations were not
      significantly different between the two groups. The percentage of all women,
      regardless of treatment, in whom lactation persisted at 1 and 2 weeks and 1, 3,
      6, and 9 months were 100%, 100%, 100%, 90%, 80%, and 65%, respectively. All women
      who ceased to lactate during the study reported doing so by choice. Nutritionally
      relevant doses of vitamin B6 elevated plasma pyridoxal phosphate and breast milk
      total vitamin B6 concentrations of lactating women without reducing plasma
      prolactin concentration or halting lactation.

PMID- 4058986
TI  - Pediatric hospice care.
AB  - The concept of pediatric hospice care is in many ways a new one that is subject
      to misunderstanding, especially as to its character and scope. Nevertheless, with
      or without this particular title, implementation of pediatric hospice care may
      already be underway via existing caregivers and provider systems, and further
      development is dependent in large part upon the sensitivity, expertise, and
      cooperation of pediatricians and their colleagues. To encourage the collaborative
      effort that is required, this article reviews: the main principles of the hospice
      philosophy that are relevant to pediatric care, three types of situations
      involving children to which those principles might be applied, the wide range of
      needs and bewildering variety of factors that may complicate such care, three
      basic contexts within which this sort of care can be delivered, the multiplicity
      of skills that are relevant to this approach to care, and the many ways in which
      services can be provided.

PMID- 4058987
TI  - Anticipatory guidance: a modest intervention in the nursery.
AB  - Although the importance of anticipatory guidance in the care of children is well
      recognized, pediatricians devote only about 10% of the average well child visit
      to parent education. The reluctance to engage more extensively in preventive
      interventions may relate to the paucity of evidence that such efforts are
      effective. This study was designed to test whether a modest anticipatory
      intervention, easily adaptable to other settings, could favorably influence
      maternal behavior. Mothers of newborn infants in a municipal hospital were
      assigned in alternate 2-week periods to an intervention program (n = 49) or a
      control group (n = 54). The intervention in the nursery consisted of a short
      group meeting, reinforced by a handout, advocating delayed introduction of solid
      foods and juices, and the use only of safe pacifiers. The mothers were
      interviewed at all visits to the general pediatric clinic using a standard format
      questionnaire. The two groups of mothers were demographically comparable but
      differed significantly in both the foods they introduced and the pacifiers they
      used for their babies. As an unexpected benefit, intervention mothers tended to
      view their babies as healthier than did control mothers. The implications of
      these findings are discussed.

PMID- 4058988
TI  - Lethal familial pellagra-like skin lesion associated with neurologic and
      developmental impairment and the development of cataracts.
AB  - A new hereditary defect of tryptophan metabolism is described in a Sudanese
      family with a high degree of consanguinity. It has an autosomal recessive pattern
      of inheritance. The condition manifests as a pellagra-like skin rash within 8
      weeks after birth, with signs of cerebellar ataxia and developmental retardation.
      Cataracts develop early, and to date none of the ten affected children has
      survived beyond 2 years of age. Biochemically, the condition is characterized by
      an apparent impairment of the ability to synthesize quinolinic acid and
      nicotinamide nucleotides from tryptophan, which might be due to abnormally high
      activity of the enzyme picolinate carboxylase.

PMID- 4058989
TI  - Fanconi anemia: prenatal diagnosis in 30 fetuses at risk.
AB  - We report our experience, since 1978, with prenatal diagnosis in fetuses at risk
      for Fanconi anemia. Amniotic fluid cells from 30 fetuses from 24 families were
      monitored for baseline and diepoxybutane-induced chromosomal breakage. Seven of
      the fetuses at risk were diagnosed as affected; baseline and diepoxybutane
      induced breakage ranged from 0.18 to 0.45 and 0.69 to 0.96 breaks per cell,
      respectively. The range of baseline and diepoxybutane-induced chromosomal
      breakage in amniocytes from the 23 pregnancies at risk that were diagnosed
      prenatally as unaffected ranged from 0 to 0.08 and 0 to 0.13 breaks per cell,
      respectively. Four of these cases were also diagnosed as normal on the basis of
      chromosomal breakage studies in cells obtained by chorionic villus sampling. The
      range of baseline and diepoxybutane-induced breakage in cells from five control
      fetuses was 0 to 0.05 and 0 to 0.10 breaks per cell, respectively. Of the
      pregnancies diagnosed as affected, two were carried to term, whereas five were
      terminated. One newborn and two abortuses had congenital malformations including
      abnormalities of the thumb and radius. The other affected live-born infant, now 5
      1/2 years old, has severe growth retardation and pancytopenia. No Fanconi anemia
      associated malformations were found in any of the other fetuses or newborns
      studied. In all cases in which tissue was available for study, diagnoses were
      confirmed by chromosome breakage studies. This method thus permits reliable
      detection of Fanconi anemia.

PMID- 4058990
TI  - Girls with attention deficit disorder: a silent minority? A report on behavioral
      and cognitive characteristics.
AB  - A sample of girls and boys with attention deficit disorder (ADD) were examined
      for within-group sex differences and compared with control boys and girls on
      historical, behavioral, and cognitive characteristics. Profiles of essential and
      secondary features of ADD support the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
      Disorders nosology for ADD with and without hyperactivity as clinically distinct
      subtypes of ADD, with the girls and boys with ADD with hyperactivity exhibiting
      attentional, behavioral, and cognitive impairments, and the children with ADD
      without hyperactivity exhibiting deficits along an attentional/cognitive axis.
      Management problems and antisocial behaviors were correlates of hyperactivity,
      and increased impulsivity was not associated with attentional deficits in the
      absence of hyperactivity. Within the ADD with hyperactivity group, the girls
      demonstrated more severe cognitive impairments, particularly in the area of
      language function, were younger at the time referral for medical attention, and
      tended to come from families of lower socioeconomic status. Disruptive,
      uncontrolled behaviors were more frequent among the boys with ADD with
      hyperactivity. The girls with ADD without hyperactivity demonstrated poorer self
      esteem and were significantly older than the boys with ADD without hyperactivity
      at referral. Girls in both ADD with and without hyperactivity groups were more
      likely to suffer peer rejection than their male counterparts. The results of this
      study suggest that girls with ADD may be underidentified and that cognitive
      deficits have a more prominent role in the identification of girls, whereas
      behavioral disturbances increase the likelihood of identification for boys.

PMID- 4058991
TI  - Slipping rib syndrome: an infrequently recognized entity in children: a report of
      three cases and review of the literature.
AB  - Slipping rib syndrome is a sprain disorder produced by trauma to the costal
      cartilages of the 8th, 9th, and 10th ribs. The symptoms are neuritic pain,
      autonomic symptoms, and a perception of a slipping movement of the ribs. It is
      frequently confused with intraabdominal disorders. Diagnosis is made by a
      positive hooking maneuver or demonstration of tenderness over the affected
      cartilages. Three case reports, a review of the literature, and a discussion of
      the syndrome are presented.

PMID- 4058992
TI  - Cystic fibrosis and neuroblastoma.
AB  - Two cases of coexistent cystic fibrosis and infantile thoracic neuroblastoma are
      presented. In one patient, neuroblastoma was congenital, and diagnosis of cystic
      fibrosis was made at 3 months of age; in the other, the diagnosis of cystic
      fibrosis was made at 7 months of age, preceding that of neuroblastoma by 4
      months. In both infants, surgical resection of the tumors have been successful.
      Recent advances in the genetic aspects of neuroblastoma, including translocation
      and activation of the oncogene N-myc, are discussed. Current recombinant DNA
      technology, which can identify translocation of N-myc and allow localization of
      the cystic fibrosis gene if the translocation occurs near the cystic fibrosis
      allele, is being applied to these cases.

PMID- 4058993
TI  - Tularemia in adults and children: a changing presentation.
AB  - Tularemia, a febrile zoonosis with six clinical types, recently has been shown to
      occur at an increased incidence in children compared with previous reports.
      Ulceroglandular and glandular tularemia are still the most common types, but
      pneumonic tularemia has increased in incidence. However, with these changes, an
      overall decline in mortality has been observed. Children exhibit fever,
      pharyngitis, hepatosplenomegaly, and constitutional symptoms more often than
      affected adults. The complication of late lymph node suppuration is found in half
      of the tularemia patients with lymphadenopathy. A high index of clinical
      suspicion and a good medical history and physical examination confirmed by
      specific serologic studies are the critical factors in the successful diagnosis
      of tularemia in children.

PMID- 4058994
TI  - Lactation failure due to insufficient glandular development of the breast.
AB  - With the present increased incidence of breast-feeding, clinicians need to be
      prepared to identify and manage problems in lactation. Most problems are related
      to insufficient knowledge, inappropriate routines, and lack of confidence and are
      easily managed or prevented by prenatal education, anticipatory guidance, and
      adequate support. Increasing evidence exists that primary causes of lactation
      failure also occur and can preclude successful lactation, even among highly
      motivated women. Three cases are presented in which lactation failure is believed
      to stem from insufficient glandular tissue within the breasts. Supportive history
      for this entity include absence of typical breast changes with pregnancy and
      failure of postpartum breast engorgement to occur. Associated physical findings
      included a unilateral underdeveloped breast in each woman and palpable patchy
      areas of glandular tissue in one case. Breast diaphanography, or
      transillumination, substantiated clinical findings in the two cases in which it
      was performed. Both multiparous women had a previous unsuccessful breast-feeding
      experience, whereas the primiparous woman had immediate family members with a
      history of lactation failure. All three women benefited psychologically from the
      interpretation that lactation failure was not due to their breast-feeding
      performance, and each elected to continue nursing long-term despite the need for
      formula supplement. These cases are presented to emphasize that primary causes of
      lactation failure do exist and to alert clinicians to the historical and physical
      findings suggestive of inadequate glandular tissue as an etiology of previously
      unexplained lactation failure. Preserving the "every woman can nurse" myth
      contributes to perpetuating a simplistic view of lactation and does a disservice
      to the small percentage of women with primary causes of unsuccessful lactation.

PMID- 4058996
TI  - Foster care for child maltreatment. II. Impact on school performance.
AB  - At least 150,000 children currently reside in foster care in the United States
      because of child maltreatment. Nearly 15% of all confirmed maltreatment reports
      record foster care as one of the acute interventions. Yet, the impact of foster
      care has been largely unexamined. We conducted a historical cohort study of the
      impact of foster care on subsequent school performances for 114 children placed
      in foster care because of maltreatment. A comparison cohort was constituted of
      106 maltreated children who were similar in age, race, sex, and year of diagnosis
      but who were left in their homes after report. School records were reviewed for
      96 of the foster care children and 69 of the home care children. School
      attendance had improved for both groups at the time of follow-up nearly 8 years
      later. Children in school at the time of report who were then placed in foster
      care missed an average of 15.6% of the school year prior to the report compared
      with missing only 3.48% of the most recent school year. The children from the
      comparison group missed an average of 8.5% of the school year prior to their
      index maltreatment report and 7.2% of their most recent year in school. Forty
      four percent of the foster care group achieved average or above average grades on
      follow-up compared with the passing rate for the home care group of 32% (P =
      .17). The foster care children were more likely to receive special education
      services. Overall, both groups were doing poor work in school an average of 8
      years after maltreatment report. There appears to be no evidence for a
      significant rehabilitative effect of foster care as measured by subsequent school
      performance.

PMID- 4058995
TI  - Maturational changes of caffeine concentrations and disposition in infancy during
      maintenance therapy for apnea of prematurity: influence of gestational age,
      hepatic disease, and breast-feeding.
AB  - Twenty-three premature infants receiving caffeine maintenance therapy were
      followed prospectively for several months. Three to nine determinations of
      caffeine half-life (peak and trough caffeine levels) were made in each baby. This
      first longitudinal study confirmed that the half-life of caffeine is prolonged
      during the neonatal period (97.6 + 32 hours and for as many as 38 weeks'
      gestation in several very premature babies). Contrary to previous assumptions,
      gestational age and postconceptional age seem to be closely related to maturation
      of hepatic caffeine elimination after the neonatal period, although a high
      variability of caffeine half-life was observed between infants. Adult values (6
      hours) were obtained about 60 weeks postconceptional. Caffeine half-life was
      greatly increased in two infants who had cholestatic hepatitis secondary to
      prolonged parenteral alimentation and one infant who was breast-fed exclusively.
      In this last case, the role of maternal hormones in repressing the normal
      enzymatic maturation process is strongly suspected. Adequate blood levels of
      caffeine were usually obtained with a caffeine half-life greater than 30 hours up
      to 46 weeks postconceptional with a dose of 5 mg/kg of caffeine citrate. Caffeine
      predose monitoring is adequate up to 46 weeks postconceptional, and caffeine half
      life determination is mandatory whenever the trough level is too high or too low,
      icterus is present, and from 46 to 50 weeks postconception.

PMID- 4058997
TI  - Worldwide control of hepatitis B virus: an approaching reality?

PMID- 4058998
TI  - TV and adolescents.

PMID- 4058999
TI  - Can fussy babies be spoiled?

PMID- 4059000
TI  - Munchausen syndrome by proxy.

PMID- 4059001
TI  - Pediatrics and the malpractice crisis.

PMID- 4059002
TI  - Vitamin E and complement.

PMID- 4059003
TI  - Black patients--white doctors.

PMID- 4059004
TI  - Temporal characteristics of noise conditions producing facilitation and
      interference.

PMID- 4059005
TI  - Comparative patterns of reading eye movement in Chinese and English.

PMID- 4059006
TI  - The effect of fundamental frequency on the discriminability between pure and
      tempered fifths and major thirds.

PMID- 4059007
TI  - Transfer of illusion decrement: the effects of global versus local figural
      variations.

PMID- 4059008
TI  - Dissociation of corollary discharge from gaze direction does not induce a
      straight-ahead shift.

PMID- 4059009
TI  - Illusory figures: individual differences in apparent depth and lightness.

PMID- 4059010
TI  - Depth separation fails to modulate the orientation-inhibition effect.

PMID- 4059011
TI  - The detection of phase shifts in two-dimensional images.

PMID- 4059012
TI  - Geometric illusions in reading graphs.

PMID- 4059013
TI  - Size and position are incongruous: measurements on the Muller-Lyer figure.

PMID- 4059014
TI  - How does familiarity affect visual search for letter strings?

PMID- 4059015
TI  - Apparent depth and texture differences in illusory figure patterns: a paradox
      resolved.

PMID- 4059016
TI  - Manual, blowing, and verbal simple reactions to lateralized flashes of light in
      commissurotomized patients.

PMID- 4059017
TI  - Phonetic information is integrated across intervening nonlinguistic sounds.

PMID- 4059018
TI  - Alphabetic confusion: a clarification.

PMID- 4059019
TI  - Numerical size comparisons in a phonologically transparent script.

PMID- 4059020
TI  - Contraluminal sulfate transport in the proximal tubule of the rat kidney. II.
      Specificity: sulfate-ester, sulfonates and amino sulfonates.
AB  - In order to study the specificity for the contraluminal sulfate transport system
      the inhibitory potency of sulfate esters and sulfonate compounds on the 35SO4(2-)
      influx from the interstitium into cortical tubular cells in situ has been
      determined. The following was found: 1. From 10 sulfate monoesters tested 9
      inhibited contraluminal sulfate influx with an app. Ki between 0.6 and 6 mmol/l;
      the two sulfate diesters tested, however, did not. 2. Out of 8 aliphatic
      sulfonate compounds only three, having a NH- or OH-group in a suitable position,
      exerted a moderate inhibition (app. Ki ca. 2-6 mmol/l). 3. Amongst 14 benzene
      sulfonates tested only 2 compounds (5-nitrobenzene-sulfonate and 2-hydroxy-5
      nitrobenzenesulfonate) inhibited with a Ki less than 5 mmol/l. 4. Out of 10
      naphthalene sulfonates tested 8 inhibited with a Ki less than 5; the highest
      inhibition was seen with the NH-containing 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate
      (ANS), but no inhibition with 2 compounds containing an amino group. 5. From the
      polycyclic sulfonates pyrene-3-sulfonate and anthracene-1-sulfonate inhibited
      with a Ki of approximately 2 mmol/l, while no inhibition was seen with anthracene
      2-sulfonate. 6. Out of 4 amino-sulfonates tested benzene-1-amino-sulfonate and a
      similar benzyl-analog inhibited with a Ki of 1 mmol/l and smaller; cyclohexyl-1
      amino-sulfonate (cyclamate), however, inhibited only slightly (app. Ki of 6
      mmol/l). The data indicate that sulfate monoesters are well accepted by the
      contraluminal sulfate transport system. The affinity of sulfonate compounds to
      this system depends on neighbouring OH-groups --NH-groups, meta-positioned
      electronegative groups or a hydrophobic moiety in an appropriate position.

PMID- 4059021
TI  - Contraluminal sulfate transport in the proximal tubule of the rat kidney. III.
      Specificity: disulfonates, di- and tri-carboxylates and sulfocarboxylates.
AB  - In order to study the specificity for the contraluminal sulfate transport system
      the inhibitory potency of disulfonates, di-, tricarboxylates and
      sulfocarboxylates on the 35SO4(2-) influx from the interstitium into cortical
      tubular cells in situ has been determined. The following was found: Methane- and
      ethane-disulfonate as well as benzene-1,3-disulfonate inhibit contraluminal
      35SO4(2-) influx (with an (app. Ki of less than 6 mmol/l), while benzene-1,2- and
      1,4-disulfonate do not. The inhibitory potency of 1,3-benzene disulfonate is
      slightly augmented by an additional NH2- or OH-group in position 4. However, OH
      groups at position 4 and 5 or 4 and 6 abolish the inhibitory potency. The
      naphthalene disulfonates tested inhibit only if they have an OH-group in ortho
      position to one SO3H group. The stilbene disulfonates H2DIDS and DNDS inhibit the
      contraluminal 35SO4(2-) influx with high (app. Ki approximately equal to 0.8
      mmol/l), DADS with lower potency (app. Ki approximately equal to 6 mmol/l).
      Amongst the tested aliphatic di- and tricarboxylates inhibition was exerted by
      oxalate (app. Ki 1.1 mmol/l) and maleate (app. Ki 3.8 mmol/l), but not by
      malonate, hydroxymalonate and citrate. Out of the tested benzene-dicarboxylates
      only those inhibit which have the COO- -groups directly on the ring in 1,2 and
      1,3 position (app. Ki 4.0 and 2.7 mmol/l), but not in the 1,4 position. An
      additional OH-group in position 4 augments the inhibitory potency of 1,3 benzene
      dicarboxylates (app. Ki 0.8 mmol/l), while an OH group on position 5 abolishes
      it.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4059022
TI  - Contraluminal sulfate transport in the proximal tubule of the rat kidney. IV.
      Specificity: salicylate analogs.
AB  - In order to study the specificity of the contraluminal sulfate transport system
      the inhibitory potency of salicylate analogs (5 mmol/l each) on the 35SO4(2-)
      influx from the interstitium into cortical tubular cells in situ has been
      determined. The following was found: 2-hydroxybenzoate (salicylate), per se, did
      not inhibit contraluminal 35SO4(2-) influx. The same holds when an additional NH2
      group was introduced in position 4 or 5, or when an additional Cl-group was
      introduced in position 4. When an additional Cl- or NO2-group was introduced in
      position 5 a moderate inhibition was seen (app. Ki approximately equal to 4
      mmol/l). However, introduction of 2 Cl- or 2NO2-groups in position 3 and 5
      creates compounds with strong inhibitory potency (app. Ki approximately equal to
      0.5 mmol/l). 2-hydroxy-3,5-iodobenzoate inhibited too, but with a smaller
      inhibitory potency (app. Ki approximately equal to 2.3 mmol/l). 2-hydroxybenzoate
      analogs, which have a carboxy- or sulfo-group in position 5, exerted strong
      inhibition, those with a acetyl- or butyryl-group exerted moderate inhibition. 1
      Naphthol-2-carboxylate did not inhibit, while 1-naphthol-4-sulfamoyl-2
      carboxylate did. Amongst the dihydroxybenzoates, 2,3- and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate
      did not inhibit contraluminal 35SO4(2-) influx, while 2,4- and 2,6
      dihydroxybenzoate did. The data indicate that a hydroxy-group in ortho-position
      and an electro-negative group in the meta-position to the carboxyl group and
      paraposition to the hydroxy-group are essential for interaction with the
      contraluminal sulfate transport system. The ability of 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate to
      inhibit might be explained by its ability to undergo mesomeric conformation.

PMID- 4059023
TI  - Contraluminal sulfate transport in the proximal tubule of the rat kidney. V.
      Specificity: phenolphthaleins, sulfonphthaleins, and other sulfo dyes, sulfamoyl
      compounds and diphenylamine-2-carboxylates.
AB  - In order to evaluate the specificity for the contraluminal sulfate transport
      system the inhibitory potency of phenol- and sulfonphthaleins, of sulfamoyl
      compounds (diuretics) as well as diphenylamine-2-carboxylates (Cl- channel
      blockers) on the 35SO4(2-) influx from the interstitium into cortical tubular
      cells in situ has been determined. The following was found: 1)
      Phenolsulfonphthalein (phenol-red) inhibited with an app. Ki-value of 1.7 mmol/l,
      while analogs which had additional Br-atoms in position 3 and/or 5, i.e.
      bromphenol-blue, bromcresol-purple and bromcresol-green, inhibited with an
      apparent Ki of 0.1 and 0.5 mmol/l respectively. 2) Phenolphthalein and
      tetrabromphenolphthalein did not inhibit, while the disulfonate dyes
      bromsulfalein, fuchsin acid and indigocarmine inhibited with a Ki between
      approximately equal to 1 and 3 mmol/l. The highest inhibitory potency in this
      class of compounds was seen with orange G (app. Ki 0.07 mmol/l). The
      monosulfonate dyes tested, fluorescein-sulfonate and orange I inhibited
      moderately with an app. Ki of approximately equal to mmol/l. 3) The 3-sulfamoyl
      compounds inhibited to a varying degree, when they had a neighbouring -NH-group
      (furylmethylamino-group), i.e. in position 6 to the COOH or SO3H-group, or when
      they had a phenoxy-group in position 4. 4) 4-sulfamoylbenzoate and the related
      compounds probenecid, acetazolamide and hydrochlorothiazide inhibited with an
      app. Ki between 4 and 7 mmol/l. 5) All diphenylamine-2-carboxylate analogs
      inhibited with an app. Ki between 3 and 5 mmol/l, even when the -NH-group was
      replaced by an = O-group or the benzene ring was replaced by a pyrimidine ring,
      but not when it was replaced by a thiophen ring.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4059024
TI  - Myocardial capillarity in acclimation to hypoxia.
AB  - Capillarity, O2 diffusion distances and fiber cross-sectional growth were
      measured in the hearts of guinea pigs exposed early during growth to hypobaric
      hypoxia (PB = 430 torr, PO2 = 90 torr). Twelve 5-week old males were maintained
      in a hypobaric chamber for 4-14 weeks. Their hearts were perfusion-fixed via the
      aorta with a 2.5% glutaraldehyde, 1% formaldehyde buffered solution; blocks were
      cut from left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles, post-fixed in OsO4, dehydrated and
      embedded in Spurr medium. Blocks were cut transversely to fiber orientation, 0.5
      micron thick, stained with Toluidine Blue, and photographed at 400 X. Number and
      location of capillaries and fiber cross-sectional areas (FCSA) were scored from
      these photographs and from those of normoxic controls. Growth rates were similar
      for control and hypoxic guinea pigs. As animals grew, LV and RV weights increased
      linearly with body weight. Hypoxic guinea pigs had LV weights similar to controls
      but the RV showed varying degrees of hypertrophy. Control and hypoxic guinea pigs
      showed similar linear increases in FCSA with ventricular weight, suggesting that
      hypertrophy was due to increased FCSA. Capillary density (CD) decreased and
      capillary-to-fiber ratio (C:F) increased with FCSA, and O2 diffusion distances
      lengthened in LV and RV of animals in both groups. CD and C:F were higher and O2
      diffusion distances were shorter in most hypoxic animals compared to controls.
      When RV hypertrophy was large (RV greater than 0.7 g) and failure imminent, CD,
      C:F and O2 diffusion distances were similar to controls suggesting that in these
      hearts oxygenation was impaired.

PMID- 4059025
TI  - A cytoplasmic component of pyridine nucleotide fluorescence in rat diaphragm:
      evidence from comparisons with flavoprotein fluorescence.
AB  - Pyridine nucleotide (PN) and flavoprotein (Fp) fluorescence were monitored in the
      isolated intact rat diaphragm. A substantial increase in PN fluorescence occurred
      when N2 replaced O2 in glucose medium. This response was much reduced in pyruvate
      medium and/or by pretreatment with iodoacetic acid (IAA). The anaerobic levels of
      Fp fluorescence were less affected by substrate and IAA. Substitution of glucose
      by pyruvate did not alter the PN fluorescence of the resting aerobic tissue, but
      increased Fp fluorescence. After a tetanus with glucose present the PN of the
      anaerobic muscle, but not the Fp underwent a substantial transient oxidation.
      This oxidation was absent in pyruvate medium. It is concluded that a cytoplasmic
      component of the PN fluorescence is present in skeletal muscle. The levels of Fp
      fluorescence in the resting and contracting aerobic tissue supplied with pyruvate
      suggest that the resting tissue respiration was ADP limited. On this basis the
      level of PN fluorescence in the aerobic resting state was less than expected; the
      source of the PN fluorescence was both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic.

PMID- 4059026
TI  - Pressure-diameter curves of mesometrial arteries of guinea pigs demonstrate a non
      muscular, oestrogen-inducible mechanism of lumen regulation.
AB  - Pressure-diameter curves were determined on mesometrial (uterine radial) arteries
      obtained from guinea pigs during different stages of ovarian cycle and pregnancy.
      In order to investigate changes in arterial diameter that are not caused by the
      vascular musculature, we studied excised arteries that were relaxed by papaverine
      (40 mg/l). The pressure-diameter curves were found to be shifted toward wider
      diameters when the arteries studied were obtained from pregnant, oestrous or
      oestrogen treated animals (oestradiol benzoate, 10 micrograms s.c.): the external
      diameter at 60 mm Hg transmural pressure on the 14th day of pregnancy exceeded
      the one during dioestrus by 50%. At term, there was a 7-fold increase. During
      oestrus and 24 h after oestrogen treatment the diameter was 30-40% wider than
      during dioestrus. Moreover, we found that the diameter measured on excised
      vessels in the presence of papaverine is the same as the one observed in situ. We
      conclude that the mesometrial arteries of guinea pigs possess a muscle
      independent mechanism of lumen regulation. The mechanism operates in non-pregnant
      and pregnant animals. It may be induced by oestrogen and seems to be qualified
      for long-term lumen regulation during pregnancy. In contrast, dilation by smooth
      muscle relaxation appears to be of minor importance in mesometrial arteries.

PMID- 4059027
TI  - EMG activity in pectoral and femoral muscles during spinal cord cooling in
      exercising pigeons.
AB  - Adult domestic pigeons, with thermodes chronically implanted in the vertebral
      canal, were trained to walk on a treadmill. In the first series of experiments,
      EMG activity in a pectoral (M. pectoralis) and a femoral muscle (M. biceps
      femoris) was measured to determine if shivering could occur during exercise. When
      the spinal cord was cooled (36.2 +/- 0.5 degrees C) during exercise (0.6 km/h),
      pectoral muscle EMG activity increased by 80%, while femoral muscle EMG activity
      did not change significantly. EMG activity remained unchanged during exercise in
      control experiments where the spinal cord was not cooled. In the second series of
      experiments, the spinal cord was first cooled (36.1 +/- 0.5 degrees C) for 5 min
      in resting pigeons and then the treadmill was started. Spinal cord cooling during
      rest significantly increased pectoral muscle EMG activity but not that of the
      femoral muscle. Within 1 s after the onset of exercise, EMG activity in the
      pectoral muscle decreased by 74%. In both series of experiments, shivering was
      not induced in the femoral muscle. The level of pectoral muscle EMG activity
      stimulated by spinal cord cooling during exercise in the first series of
      experiments corresponded to the level to which EMG activity was reduced by
      exercise during spinal cord cooling in the second series of experiments (192% and
      186% in relation to the post-cooling level, respectively). It is concluded that
      shivering can be induced in the pectoral muscle by spinal cord cooling during
      exercise in the pigeon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4059028
TI  - Intracellular pH during ischemia in skeletal muscle: relationship to membrane
      potential, extracellular pH, tissue lactic acid and ATP.
AB  - Intracellular pH (pHi) was measured with double-barrelled microelectrodes during
      4 h of complete tourniquet ischemia in rabbit gastrocnemius muscle (group I). The
      pHi was related to extracellular pH (pHe), membrane potential (Em), tissue lactic
      acid (LA) and ATP. A fall in pHi from 7.00 +/- 0.03 to 6.60 +/- 0.05 occurred
      during 4 h of ischemia, with a slight pH-drop (0.07 pH units) during the initial
      hour and a more pronounced drop of 0.13 pH units during the last hour of
      ischemia. These changes were paralleled by a considerable decrease in pHe from
      7.30 +/- 0.01 to 6.36 +/- 0.05 and a sixfold increase of tissue LA. The buffering
      capacity during the 4 h of ischemia was estimated to 81.9 +/- 5.6 mmol H+/l X pH.
      In parallel with the reduction in pHe, the resting membrane potential decreased
      from -90 mV and stabilised at around -60 mV after 2 h of ischemia. A less
      negative cell interior would favour H+ extrusion since the Em-EH+ gradient was
      unchanged at about -70 mV during the entire period of ischemia. This could
      contribute to muscle fiber buffering during ischemia. In another set of
      experiments (group II) the muscular glycogen reserve was reduced 20 min prior to
      a 4 h period of ischemia. Thereby an ischemic state was created where ATP levels
      decreased to 30% of initial, in contrast to the unaltered ATP content in group
      I.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4059029
TI  - Ca2+-dependent protein phosphorylation in brush border membranes of rat kidney
      proximal tubules.
AB  - Ca2+-dependent protein phosphorylation was studied in isolated brush border
      membrane vesicles from rat kidney cortex. Phosphorylation of about 20 target
      proteins with gamma-32P-ATP was observed after opening the vesicles transiently
      by detergent treatment or by hypotonic shock indicating that phosphorylation
      takes place from the cytoplasmic side. Five of these polypeptides (Mr 12, 19, 29,
      97 and 138 kD) showed increased phosphorylation in the presence of micromolar
      calcium. Addition of exogenous calmodulin did not enhance the calcium induced
      phosphorylation significantly, nor did trifluoperazine depress it, suggesting
      that Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase is not involved in the studied Ca2+
      induced phosphorylation. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) minimized the
      Ca2+ dependency for the 12 and 97 kD polypeptides. Cytotoxin I inhibited the
      incorporation of phosphate into the 12 and 97 kD polypeptides in a dose-dependent
      manner. Excess phosphatidylserine could reverse this inhibition but stimulated
      also the phosphorylation of the 19 kD polypeptide. These findings suggest that at
      least the 12 and the 97 kD polypeptides are substrates for an endogenous protein
      kinase C. When studied under conditions where Ca2+ increases membrane
      phosphorylation, no effects could be observed on the kinetic parameters (Km and
      Vmax) of the sodium-dependent phosphate uptake.

PMID- 4059030
TI  - Construction of K+- and Na+-sensitive theta-microelectrodes with fine tips: an
      easy method with high yield.
AB  - A new method is described to prepare theta-microelectrodes with tips up to 0.15
      micron diameter controlled under scanning electron microscope. K+- and Na+
      sensitive resins were tested. Method features are the following: i) hard drying
      of the glass, ii) rehydration of one channel and weak wetting of the other with a
      three-methylchlorosilane solution before pulling, iii) simultaneous presence of
      water and silane in the two channels during pulling, iv) gradual silanization
      from the tip to the shank. Selective and conventional channels did not affect
      each other and no displacements of resins were observed. The change of potential
      difference of the selective channel was more than -50 mV/decade. Apical membrane
      potentials and cell Na+ and K+ activities of the epithelial cells of rabbit gall
      bladder (cell diameter: 5-10 micron) were measured with these theta
      microelectrodes and with single-barrel microelectrodes of similar tip size:
      results obtained were not significantly different.

PMID- 4059031
TI  - Calcium exchange in the resting and electrically stimulated canine myocardium.
AB  - 45Ca2+ exchange was studied in small pieces of canine left ventricular free wall.
      The loss of 45Ca2+ from 45Ca2+ equilibrated tissue into ice-cold (4 degrees C)
      "wash" medium could be best fitted with a model containing a minimum of 3
      compartments. 45Ca2+ uptake into and 45Ca2+ efflux from the most slowly
      exchanging compartment (compartment 3) at 37 degrees C allowed it to be
      subdivided into two fractions; a rapidly exchanging fraction (t1/2 approximately
      1.25 min) and a slowly exchanging fraction (t1/2 approximately 50 min). The total
      Ca2+ content of compartment 3 was enhanced by isoproterenol but little affected
      by caffeine. The slow t1/2 for exchange of the Ca2+ in compartment 3 at 4 degrees
      C and its increased Ca2+ content following isoproterenol treatment suggest that
      this compartment contains some Ca2+ of intracellular origin. In addition, the
      finding that the rapidly exchanging part of compartment 3 could be preserved by
      cooling the tissue to 4 degrees C shows that rapidly exchanging Ca2+ compartments
      can be studied in superfused cardiac preparations using this technique. Action
      potentials, elicited by electrical stimulation of the tissue, caused large
      changes in the Ca2+ content of compartment 3 (up to 170 muM/kg) indicating that
      this postulated intracellular compartment may play a significant role in the
      normal contraction-relaxation cycle.

PMID- 4059032
TI  - Relaxation of skinned coronary arteries depends on the relative concentrations of
      Ca2+, calmodulin and active cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
AB  - Maximally contracted detergent skinned coronary smooth muscle fibres are relaxed
      by lowering the concentration of free Ca2+. The extent and rate of relaxation
      depends on the concentration of free Ca2+ and calmodulin (CaM) suggesting that it
      is the Ca2+ X CaM complex which is responsible for maintaining tension. At a
      fixed concentration of Ca2+ and CaM further relaxation can be achieved by
      addition of the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMP
      kinase). The extent as well as the relaxation rate depend on the concentration of
      cAMP-kinase (0.01-0.5 microM) and both are antagonized by high concentrations of
      Ca2+ and CaM. The Ca2+-requirement for obtaining half maximal concentration is
      shifted from 1.1 microM to 6.3 microM Ca2+ in the presence of 0.5 microM cAMP
      kinase. These data indicate that the response of the contractile apparatus to a
      change in the free [Ca2+] can be modulated by cAMP-kinase at the level of the
      contractile proteins. It is further suggested that the tone of coronary smooth
      muscle is determined by the relative and not by the absolute concentrations of
      Ca2+, CaM and cAMP-kinase.

PMID- 4059033
TI  - Acetylcholine-induced change in intracellular Cl- activity of the mouse lacrimal
      acinar cells.
AB  - Using double-barreled Cl- -sensitive microelectrodes, intracellular Cl- activity
      (AiCl) in the mouse lacrimal acinar cells in vitro was determined in both resting
      and secretory phases. In the resting state AiCl was 31 mmol/l which was 1.4 times
      higher than that predicted for the passive distribution according to the membrane
      potential (Vm) of -41 mV. Addition of acetylcholine (ACh, 1 microM)
      hyperpolarized Vm to -63 mV and decreased AiCl to 20 mmol/l which was still twice
      the equilibrium activity. A-23178 produced similar changes in Vm and AiCl to
      those induced by ACh. It was concluded that Cl- was actively accumulated in the
      acinar cells and, in the secretory phase, Cl- efflux was enhanced by the
      increased driving force and Ca2+-mediated increase in the Cl- permeability across
      the cell membrane.

PMID- 4059034
TI  - Osmosensitivity of preoptic thermosensitive neurons in hypothalamic slices in
      vitro.
AB  - The effects of local osmotic changes on the activity of preoptic thermosensitive
      neurons were investigated in rat hypothalamic slices in vitro. Thirty-seven (53%)
      of 70 neurons recorded from the medial preoptic nucleus (MPO) (66% of
      thermosensitive neurons and 12% of thermally insensitive neurons) changed their
      firing rates in response to alterations in local osmolality of less than 15
      mOsm/kg. The minimum change in osmolality to produce the neuronal response for
      six neurons tested was found to be less than 5 mOsm/kg. Statistical analysis
      revealed that there was a higher incidence of warm-sensitive neurons inhibited by
      hyperosmolality (50% of warm-units) and of thermally insensitive neurons which
      were osmotically insensitive (88%). None of the four warm-sensitive neurons
      tested lost either their osmosensitivity or thermosensitivity during synaptic
      blockade, and were taken to possess an inherent sensitivity to both temperature
      and osmolality. The phenomenon of reduced evaporative heat loss in dehydrated
      mammals may be explained, at least in part, by the reduced activity of MPO warm
      sensitive neurons in a hyperosmotic environment.

PMID- 4059035
TI  - Evolutionary adaptation of muscle power output to environmental temperature:
      force-velocity characteristics of skinned fibres isolated from antarctic,
      temperate and tropical marine fish.
AB  - Single fast fibres were isolated from the myotomal muscles of icefish
      (Chaenocephalus aceratus Lonnberg, Antarctica), North Sea Cod (Gadus morhua L.)
      and Pacific Blue Marlin (Makaira nigricans Wakiya, Hawaii). Fibres were
      chemically skinned with the non-ionic detergent Brij-58. Maximum tensions (Po, kN
      m-2) developed at the characteristic body temperature of each species are 231 for
      icefish (-1 degree C), 187 for cod (8 degrees C) and 156 for marlin (20 degrees
      C). At 0 degree C Po is 7 times higher for fibres from the icefish than from the
      marlin. Fibres from icefish and cod failed to relax completely following
      activations at temperatures above approximately 12 degrees C. The resultant post
      contraction force is associated with a proportional increase in stiffness,
      suggesting the formation of a population of Ca-insensitive cross bridges. At 10
      degrees C there is little interspecific variation in unloaded contraction
      velocity (Vmax) among the three species. Vmax (muscle lengths s-1) at normal body
      temperatures are 0.9 for icefish (-1 degree C), 1.0 for cod (8 degrees C) and 3.4
      for marlin (20 degrees C). The force-velocity (P-V) relationship becomes
      progressively more curved with increasing temperature for all three species.
      Maximum power output for the fast muscle fibres from the Antarctic species at -1
      degree C is around 60% of that of the tropical fish at 20 degrees C. Evolutionary
      temperature compensation of muscle power output appears largely to involve
      differences in the ability of cross bridges to generate force.

PMID- 4059036
TI  - Influence of direct low frequency stimulation on contractile properties of
      denervated fast-twitch rabbit muscle.
AB  - A continuous electrical 8 Hz impulse pattern imposed directly via implanted
      electrodes on denervated fast twitch muscle induced changes in its contractile
      characteristics. Compared with non-stimulated denervated muscle, stimulated
      muscle showed slowing of contraction time and improved fatigue resistance. The
      reaction for succinic dehydrogenase was more intense in the denervated stimulated
      muscle, indicating an increased capacity of oxidative enzymes. The rate of
      atrophy was not influenced by stimulation. The 8 Hz frequency pattern is the
      mediator for these changes in the characteristics of denervated muscles. It
      demonstrates a comparable effect on innervated muscle. The contralateral normal
      innervated muscle was also influenced by the electrical stimulation. Contraction
      time as well as twitch tension were increased. This finding is important when
      using the normal muscle as intraindividual control.

PMID- 4059037
TI  - Effect of "flow anoxia" and "non flow anoxia" on the NAD/NADH redox state of the
      intact brain cortex of the cat.
AB  - In the present study, we compared the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
      reducing potencies of "flow anoxia" and "non flow anoxia" in the cat brain
      cortex. In animals anaesthetized with alpha D-glucochloralose "flow anoxia" and
      "non flow anoxia" were produced by ventilating for 2 and 25 min, respectively,
      with nitrogen gas. Following "non flow anoxia" the brain cortices of dead animals
      were superfused with oxygen saturated artificial cerebrospinal fluid (mock CSF),
      and subsequently with CSF containing various concentrations (10(-3 -10 -1) M) of
      potassium cyanide. NADH (reduced NAD) fluorescence of the brain cortex was
      measured through a cranial window with a microscope fluororeflectometer.
      Ventilating the animals for 2 and 25 min with nitrogen gas increased cortical
      NADH fluorescence (NAD reduction) by 43.5 +/- 2.8% and 135.3 +/- 6.1%,
      respectively. Oxygen saturated CSF superfusion of the ischemic brain cortex
      restored the cortical NAD/NADH redox state to the preanoxic level (oxidation of
      NADH). 10(-1) M cyanide, applied after superfusion of the brain cortex with
      oxygen saturated CSF resulted in comparable NAD reduction to that produced by
      "non flow anoxia". On the basis of these findings it is suggested that "non flow
      anoxia" leads to much greater cortical NAD reduction than "flow anoxia", because
      oxygen tension in the cortex may not fall to zero mm Hg during nitrogen anoxia
      lasting for 2 min. Besides this, a more pronounced substrate mobilization and
      acidosis may also contribute to the greater NAD reducing potency of "now flow
      anoxia".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4059038
TI  - The rate of resting heat production of rat papillary muscle.
AB  - The rate of resting heat production of quiescent rat left ventricular papillary
      muscles was measured myothermically. The effects of contractile activity,
      stretch, oxygen partial pressure, temperature, amino acids and time were
      examined. The rate of basal heat production was the same throughout the day
      whether or not muscles contracted isotonically under a small pre-load. Passive
      stretch increased the rate of resting heat production; the stretch-induced
      increment was highly variable from muscle to muscle. The resting heat rate per se
      was only moderately sensitive to oxygen partial pressure and temperature, and was
      insensitive to the presence of amino acids in the bathing medium. The stretch
      induced increase in resting heat rate was independent of these three factors. The
      rate of resting heat production declined exponentially with time to reach a
      plateau about 4 h following cardiectomy.

PMID- 4059039
TI  - The effect of temperature on the basal metabolism of cardiac muscle.
AB  - Using independent methods, measurements were made of the rate of oxygen
      consumption of quiescent rat ventricular tissue slices and of K+-arrested rabbit
      hearts at different temperatures. Experiments were designed such that the effect
      of temperature could be separated from the effect of time. The rate of oxygen
      consumption of both cardiac muscle preparations declined with time following
      cardiectomy. Likewise the rate of resting oxygen consumption of both preparations
      was relatively insensitive to temperature: Q10 = 1.3. By contrast, the rate of
      oxygen consumption of rat liver slices showed a Q10 of 2.6. The low Q10 values of
      the cardiac preparations do not appear to be due to an inadequate supply of
      oxygen. The results are in close agreement with those of myothermic studies.

PMID- 4059040
TI  - Deutsche Physiologische Gesellschaft. Abstracts of the 62nd meeting, (autumn
      meeting). September 30--October 4, 1985, Berlin.

PMID- 4059041
TI  - [Colic in horses. Pathophysiology, clinical examination and therapy].

PMID- 4059042
TI  - Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae (Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae). Serotypes 8, 3
      and 6. Serological response and cross immunity in pigs.
AB  - Immunity obtained by vaccination with Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae is type
      specific and protection will only be obtained against the serotype contained in
      the vaccine. Serotype 8 is closely related to serotypes 3 and 6 and the objective
      of the present study was therefore to examine if cross immunity between the three
      serotypes could be obtained at vaccination.

PMID- 4059043
TI  - Trichinella spiralis in wild animals, cats, mice, rats and farmed fur animals in
      Finland.
AB  - A total of 1 399 samples of wild animals, cats, mice, rats and fur animals were
      examined for Trichinella larvae during the period 1.1.1982-30.6.1984. Samples
      were obtained both from the problem area, were Trichinella larvae had been found
      in pigs, and for comparison from the rest of Finland. The frequency of the
      infection in wild carnivores, badgers, pine martens, raccoon dogs, foxes and wild
      mink was significantly higher in the problem area than in the rest of Finland.

PMID- 4059044
TI  - Embryonic development in the blue fox.
AB  - Embryos from vixens at different stages of gestation were measured and
      photographed. Implantation was observed 16-18 days after breeding.
      Differentiation and the development of characteristic features were described and
      embryonic loss was studied in relation to number of corpora lutea.

PMID- 4059045
TI  - Biochemical messengers of platelet activation. Reims, France, 7-8 March 1985.

PMID- 4059046
TI  - Relationship between phospholipid metabolism and intracellular calcium
      mobilization during platelet activation.
AB  - This paper reviews some of our most recent studies concerning the relationship
      between phospholipid metabolism and calcium mobilization in thrombin-stimulated
      platelets. Evidence is provided that phospholipase C activation does not require
      any increase in cytoplasmic calcium but is subsequent to a yet unknown membrane
      modification rendering the substrate accessible to the enzyme upon thrombin
      receptor binding. In contrast, the much higher calcium dependence of
      phospholipase A2 led us to conclude that cytoplasmic free calcium might increase
      to in excess of 1.6 microM even in the absence of external calcium. This is
      supported by our estimation that calcium is present in dense tubular system in
      rather large excess, as measured on purified vesicles derived from this
      organelle. We thus suggest that the level of inositol-1,4,5-tris-phosphate is
      rate limiting in the process of calcium mobilization which implies that calcium
      influx through the plasma membrane might become a critical event with weak
      agonist poorly activating phospholipase C.

PMID- 4059047
TI  - Protein phosphorylation and platelet secretion.
AB  - Platelet secretion in response to physiologic stimuli appears to result from the
      complementary stimulation of two processes--granule centralization and granule
      membrane fusion. Granule centralization is produced by actin-myosin contraction
      which is initiated by a movement of calcium ions into the cytoplasm. The calcium
      binds to calmodulin to form a complex which activates myosin light chain kinase
      to phosphorylate myosin light chain (MLC). Once phosphorylated in this fashion,
      actin-myosin contraction occurs. Granule membrane fusion can be produced
      selectively by phorbol myristate acetate and oleoyl-acetyl diglyceride, both of
      which activate protein kinase C. Phosphorylation of a 47,000 dalton intracellular
      protein (47K) by protein kinase C may be critical to granule membrane fusion. The
      mechanism of action of 47K is presently unknown. The combined phosphorylation of
      MLC and 47K in response to most physiologic agonists which cause granule
      secretion, and the synergistic effects on granule secretion of agents which
      independently stimulate MLC and 47K phosphorylation, suggests secretion usually
      results from the interaction of granule centralization and granule membrane
      fusion.

PMID- 4059048
TI  - Activated platelets stimulate human neutrophils functions.
AB  - Opsonized zymosan is able to induce polymorphonuclear leucocyte activation as
      reflected by lysosomal degranulation and light emission. However this stimulus is
      a weak inducer of arachidonic acid metabolism in these cells. We have studied the
      effects of co-incubation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and platelets, each of
      them exposed with its specific stimulus (i.e. opsonized zymosan and thrombin).
      The granule constituent release was enhanced in the presence of activated
      platelets, but not the chemiluminescence. The same results were found in time
      course experiments. Another important effect of this co-incubation was the
      potentiation of the synthesis of 5-lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid
      by activated platelets. The in vitro study of cellular cooperation may be of
      great interest in evaluating the role of the messenger processes occurring from
      one cell to another.

PMID- 4059049
TI  - Platelet cytosolic free calcium concentration in essential hypertension.
AB  - Intraplatelet free [Ca2+] was studied in human primary hypertension using the
      fluorescent indicator Quin-2. The cytosolic free [Ca2+] was observed to increase
      in human platelets as a function of the external [Ca2+]. In the absence of added
      external calcium, no difference in [Ca2+]i was observed between platelets of
      hypertensive patients and normotensive subjects (101 +/- 5 nM vs 89 +/- 5 nM, n =
      27 and 33). In the presence of 1 nM Ca2+ in the external medium, [Ca2+]i was
      significantly higher in hypertensive patients than those of normotensive subjects
      (254 +/- 16 nM vs 202 +/- 10 nM, n = 27 and 34, p less than 0.01). Since an
      increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration has been proposed to stem from the
      enhanced intracellular Na+ concentration due to the Na+ pump inhibition, the
      effects on [Ca2+]i of ouabain and removal of external K+ ions were investigated.
      No effect of 10(-4)M ouabain was observed whereas [Ca2+]i rose from 198 +/- 8 to
      273 +/- 29 (n = 6) in absence of external K+ ions. The increase of intracellular
      free [Ca2+] in platelets of essential hypertensives observed only in the presence
      of external Ca2+ thus reflects a structural membrane alteration leading to an
      increased influx and/or a limited extrusion capacity. Its relationship with cell
      Na+ handling remains unclear.

PMID- 4059050
TI  - Modification of guanine bases by nucleoside phosphoramidite reagents during the
      solid phase synthesis of oligonucleotides.
AB  - Nucleoside 3'-phosphoramidite and chlorophosphite reagents have been found to
      react with the lactam function of guanine. This reaction caused unsatisfactory
      results when oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing a large number of guanine bases
      were prepared in an automated solid phase synthesizer. The guanine modification
      is unstable, and leads to depurination and chain cleavage. This side reaction can
      be eliminated by protecting the O6-position. A new O6-p
      nitrophenylethyldeoxyguanosine phosphoramidite derivative, 8, was used to prepare
      sequences containing up to 24 guanine bases with greatly improved results. A
      hexatriacontanucleotide, d(CGCGGGGTGGAGCAGCCTGGTAGCTCGTCGGGCTCA), was also
      prepared using O6-protected deoxyguanosine nucleosides.

PMID- 4059051
TI  - Characterization of a Mr = 56,000 polypeptide associated with 10S DNA polymerase
      alpha purified from calf thymus using monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Existence of a Mr = 56,000 polypeptide associated with 10S DNA polymerase alpha
      was shown by production of a monoclonal anti-calf thymus 10S DNA polymerase alpha
      antibody secreted from a hybridoma line named 3H1. The antibody bound three
      polypeptides with Mr = 180,000, 56,000 and 32,000 in hydroxylapatite fraction of
      10S DNA polymerase alpha by immunoblot. The antibody co-precipitated the
      polypeptides with the large polypeptide (Mr = 150,000-140,000) of 10S DNA
      polymerase alpha with the aid of second antibody. Among three polypeptides, the
      Mr = 56,000 polypeptide was co-purified with DNA polymerase alpha through DNA
      cellulose chromatography and repeated sucrose rate-zonal centrifugations. The Mr
      = 56,000 polypeptide was still associated with 10S DNA polymerase alpha after
      second sucrose rate-zonal centrifugation, but the amount of it was reduced. The
      polypeptide was banded at pH 7.2-8.0 and displayed microheterogeneity in respect
      of isoelectric point by isoelectrofocusing with 7 M urea, and showed weak DNA
      binding property after blotting onto a nitrocellulose. The antibody against the
      polypeptide precipitated DNA polymerase alpha from human, rat, and mouse, and Mr
      = 56,000 and 32,000 polypeptides were detected in these DNA polymerase alpha
      fractions by immunoblot. These results suggest that the polypeptide with Mr =
      56,000 may take part in the DNA polymerase reaction.

PMID- 4059052
TI  - Selection-expression plasmid vectors for use in genetic transformation of higher
      plants.
AB  - Plasmid vectors containing both a selectable marker for plant transformation
      (kanamycin resistance) and a second, directly adjacent, divergent promoter for
      the transcription of inserted DNA fragments have been constructed. These vectors
      make use of a small (479 bp) dual-promoter DNA fragment, originally isolated from
      the T-DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, fused to the neomycin phosphotransferase
      gene of Tn5. Several unique restriction enzyme cleavage sites, as well as a
      polyadenylation signal sequence, have been introduced downstream of the open
      promoter, allowing simple insertional cloning of DNA fragments to be expressed in
      plants. To test the vectors, the coding region for the chloramphenicol
      acetyltransferase gene (CAT) from Tn9 was inserted, and the resulting plasmids
      introduced into tobacco cells. Transformed calli, selected only for Km
      resistance, contained, in every case tested, both NPTII and CAT activities.

PMID- 4059053
TI  - Methylation patterns in the gene for the alpha subunit of chorionic gonadotropin
      are inherited with variable fidelity in clonal lineages of human fibroblasts.
AB  - Cytosine methylation in DNA of an endogenous single-copy gene locus, the alpha
      subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (alpha-hCG), was assessed in a mass
      culture and individual clonal lineages of human diploid fibroblasts. Progressive
      hypomethylation at -CCGG- sites in this gene occurred during the replicative
      lifespan of the mass culture and was shown to arise randomly during clonal
      expansion. Thus, some clones and subclones lost -CCGG- methylation in the alpha
      hCG gene region while others maintained essentially complete methylation. These
      data indicate significant interclonal variability in the fidelity with which DNA
      methylation is transmitted in an endogenous gene.

PMID- 4059054
TI  - Synthesis and hybridization of dodecadeoxyribonucleotides containing a
      fluorescent pyridopyrimidine deoxynucleoside.
AB  - Partially self-complementary dodecadeoxyribonucleotides containing a fluorescent
      nucleoside, 3-beta-D-2'-deoxyribofuranosyl-2, 7-dioxopyrido[2, 3-d]pyrimidine
      (pyridopyrimidine deoxynucleoside, dF) were synthesized by the phosphotriester
      solidphase method. A dodecanucleotide d(GGGAAFGTTCCC) pairing the analog and
      guanine at the centre of the chain showed a higher melting temperature than the
      corresponding G-C paired duplex. A similar comparison between A-T and A-F
      suggested that weaker hydrogen bonds exist when adenine and pyridopyrimidine
      residues are paired.

PMID- 4059055
TI  - Chemical adaptation of M. luteus induces repair functions for O-alkylated DNA
      pyrimidines.
AB  - A partially purified extract prepared from adapted M. luteus cells contains
      repair functions for oxygen methylated pyrimidine residues present in alkylated
      DNA. The removal of O2-MeT is mediated by a DNA glycosylase enzyme whereas
      disappearance of O4-MeT is effected by a methyltransferase in a manner similar to
      the in situ repair of O6-MeG. O4-MeT methyltransferase enzyme is unusually heat
      resistant. Synthesis of these repair proteins, which are distinctly different
      from the previously known inducible 3-MeA DNA glycosylase and O6-MeG
      methyltransferase activities, forms a part of the adaptive response.

PMID- 4059056
TI  - Rapid transfer of DNA from agarose gels to nylon membranes.
AB  - The unique properties of nylon membranes allow for dramatic improvement in the
      capillary transfer of DNA restriction fragments from agarose gels (Southern
      blotting). By using 0.4 M NaOH as the transfer solvent following a short pre
      treatment of the gel in acid, DNA is depurinated during transfer. Fragments of
      all sizes are eluted and retained quantitatively by the membrane; furthermore,
      the alkaline solvent induces covalent fixation of DNA to the membrane. The saving
      in time and materials afforded by this simple modification is accompanied by a
      marked improvement in resolution and a ten-fold increase in sensitivity of
      subsequent hybridization analyses. In addition, we have found that nylon membrane
      completely retains native (and denatured) DNA in transfer solvents of low ionic
      strength (including distilled water), although quantitative elution of DNA from
      the gel is limited to fragments smaller than 4 Kb. This property can be utilized
      in the direct electrophoretic transfer of native restriction fragments from
      polyacrylamide gels. Exposure of DNA to ultraviolet light, either in the gel or
      following transfer to nylon membrane, reduces its ability to hybridize.

PMID- 4059057
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a B1 hordein gene and the identification of possible
      upstream regulatory elements in endosperm storage protein genes from barley,
      wheat and maize.
AB  - The B-hordeins are the major group of prolamin storage proteins in barley
      (Hordeum vulgare L.) and they are encoded by a small multigene family that is
      expressed specifically in the developing endosperm. We report the complete
      nucleotide sequence of a clone of one B-hordein gene (pBHR184). The cloned gene
      contains no introns and belongs to the B1 sub-family of B-hordein genes.
      Comparison of the 5'-flanking sequences of pBHR184 with those of related S-rich
      prolamin genes from wheat shows that several short sequences within 600 bp
      upstream of the translation initiation codon are strongly conserved. A sequence
      that is conserved at around -300 bp in the S-rich prolamins is also conserved at
      similar locations in genes encoding the two major classes of maize prolamin (the
      Z19 and Z21 zeins) and appears to be unique to prolamin genes. We discuss the
      possible role of this '-300 element' in the control of gene expression in the
      developing cereal endosperm.

PMID- 4059058
TI  - Individual Xenopus histone genes are replication-independent in oocytes and
      replication-dependent in Xenopus or mouse somatic cells.
AB  - We have assessed the response of many histone H3 mRNAs and an H1C mRNA in Xenopus
      tissue culture cells after treatment with the DNA synthesis inhibitor
      hydroxyurea. The amount of the histone mRNAs falls rapidly in response to the
      inhibitor. This response is prevented by cycloheximide. Cloned Xenopus histone
      genes were transfected into mouse cells and a cell line was obtained in which the
      Xenopus genes were actively expressed giving rise to mRNA with correct 5'
      termini. The Xenopus genes were correctly regulated at the level of mRNA amounts
      in the mouse cell line. Nuclear microinjection experiments with Xenopus oocytes
      and S1 nuclease analysis of normal ovary RNA showed that the H1C gene, and
      probably also two H3 genes, which are replication-dependent in somatic cells are
      expressed in oocytes and are therefore replication-independent in this cell type.
      The same promoters are used in both replication-dependent and independent
      expression.

PMID- 4059060
TI  - 131I-Orthoiodohippurate clearance in the detection of cisplatin nephrotoxicity.
AB  - In this study, 26 patients were treated with 20 mg cisplatin (CP)/m2 body surface
      daily for 5 days as part of a combination therapy for testicular cancer.
      Simultaneously a vigorous hyperhydration (3000 ml daily) was applied to reduce
      the nephrotoxic effect induced by the drug, 131I-orthoiodohippurate clearance
      values obtained by the modified method of Oberhausen did not show any significant
      evidence of tubular dysfunction after therapy. These results may have been due to
      the vigorous hydration as well as to the youth of the patients.

PMID- 4059059
TI  - Sequence comparison of the rDNA introns from six different species of
      Tetrahymena.
AB  - We have studied the sequence variation of the rDNA intron among six species of
      Tetrahymena. From these data, the intron appears to be relatively well conserved
      in evolution. We have evaluated the sequence variations among the most distant of
      these species in relation to the secondary structure model for the intron RNA of
      Cech et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 3903 (83)). Most of the sequence
      variation in the four new sequences reported here is found in single stranded
      loops in the model. However, in four cases we found nucleotide substitutions in
      duplex stem regions, two of them involving compensating base pair changes.
      Interestingly, one of these is found in a region that is known to be dispensable
      in the in vitro splicing reaction suggesting differences between the in vivo and
      in vitro reactions. One of the single nucleotide deletions is found in the so
      called "internal guide sequence" which has been implicated in the alignment
      process during splicing. In conclusion, none of the observed natural sequence
      variations are in disfavor of the proposed secondary structure model.

PMID- 4059061
TI  - Quantitative radioisotope measurement of duodenogastric reflux in patients with
      ulcer or gastrectomized for ulcer.
AB  - In this work the duodenogastric reflux was quantified as the amount of
      radioactivity entering the stomach after an i.v. administration of 99mTc-HIDA in
      ulcer patients and in patients who had undergone BI gastrectomy. The results were
      compared with visual evidence of gastric activity in the gamma camera images and
      biochemical determination of gastric bile reflux. The method is useful in
      quantifying the reflux if the activity is above the background activity. It
      allows the determination of an upper limit for the reflux when the reflux is
      evident visually. Only two or three images are needed for the quantitation. No
      correlation was found between biochemical measurement of fasting bile reflux in
      the stomach and radioisotopic quantification.

PMID- 4059062
TI  - Scintigraphic detection of experimental myocardial infarction with 99mTc-heparin
      in the dog.
AB  - Experimental infarctions were produced in 12 dogs by ligation of the Ramus
      interventricularis anterior of the left coronary artery, and their uptake of
      99mTc-heparin was measured 7, 24 and 48 h as well as 7 days thereafter by
      recording an in vivo chest scintigram 4 h after intravenous injection of the
      compound. The dogs were subsequently killed, the heart removed and an in vitro
      scintigram obtained. Finally, the uptake of the compound was measured in tissue
      samples. The results indicate that 99mTc-heparin is accumulated in lesions which
      are not older than 24 h. At the other points in time uptake is low but even 24-h
      old lesions cannot be demonstrated reliably. The results are impaired by the high
      blood activity on the cardiac chambers and by the background activity of the
      lungs. In general, 99mTc-heparin has less useful properties than the more
      frequently employed 99mTc-pyrophosphate so that a change of procedure is not to
      be recommended.

PMID- 4059063
TI  - The evaluation of free thyroid hormones (FT4 and FT3) in the routine diagnosis of
      thyroid function.
AB  - The validity of the free thyroid hormone parameters (FT4 and FT3) was verified in
      a random sample of 154 ambulatory patients with thyroid conditions. The
      "euthyroid range" of FT4 was between 15.67 and 30.66 pmol/l; median 21.98 pmol/l.
      The distribution of the FT4 readings peaked on the left and sloped to the right
      (log normal). In our laboratory, the "euthyroid reference range" of FT4 is
      between 10-28 pmol/l. The "euthyroid range" of FT3 extended from 4.6 to 9.7
      pmol/l; median 6.63 pmol/l. The distribution of the readings was likewise log
      normal. The values of FT4 and FT3 are not significantly influenced by TBG
      concentration anomalies in otherwise healthy thyroid patients. For purposes of
      discrimination between euthyroidism and hyperthyroidism, FT3 (95%) and FT4 (90%)
      are better suited than the corresponding quotients for the free hormone fraction
      or the total hormone concentrations. On the other hand, the free hormone
      parameters are less suitable for the diagnosis of hypothyroidism. These results
      were deduced theoretically from mathematical function analyses between the TBG
      independent free hormone parameters and the TBG-dependent hormone concentrations.

PMID- 4059064
TI  - [Importance of thyroid hormone determination in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism-
      significant improvement in medical assessment using decision theory results].
AB  - A "schematic" classification of the results of serum thyroid hormone measurements
      on the basis of mathematical decision theory proves to be superior to the
      physicians' conventional evaluation. That has been shown by comparison with the
      evaluations made by three experienced doctors. When using no control regions (but
      the results of serum T4, FT4 and T3 simultaneously) the physicians' rates of
      misrecognition (0-2% false positives, 20-27% false negatives) are only a little
      lower than when classifying schematically on the basis of only one thyroid
      hormone. The construction of a suitable control region, however, results when T3
      alone is used, in only 7% false negative and 0% false positive results, while
      these rates remain nearly unchanged for the physicians' evaluations. The optimum
      application of mathematical decision theory is only possible with the knowledge
      of the statistical distributions of the thyroid hormone data, both for a
      representative collective of normals and that of patients with proven
      hyperthyroidism. Thus, quantitative criteria for the effectiveness of each set of
      thyroid hormones can be constructed and a multivariate analysis can be performed,
      in our example - when applying suitable control regions - even with vanishing
      rates of misrecognition.

PMID- 4059065
TI  - "Absent" pulmonary valve with atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus.
AB  - The case of a newborn with "absent pulmonary valve," atrial septal defect, and
      patent ductus arteriosus is reported. He underwent surgical repair at five weeks
      of age, with closure of the patent ductus arteriosus and porcine pulmonary valve
      insertion. The clinical course leads us to suggest that reduction of pulmonary
      artery pressure and pulmonary valve competence will lead to prompt improvement in
      tracheobronchial compression and respiratory symptoms; no pulmonary arterioplasty
      is needed.

PMID- 4059066
TI  - Congenital hydrops and WPW syndrome.

PMID- 4059067
TI  - Asplenia syndrome complicated by purulent pericarditis.

PMID- 4059068
TI  - Survival in atrioventricular discordance.
AB  - Limited information is available concerning the long-term survival of patients
      with atrioventricular discordance, ventriculoarterial discordance, and two
      ventricles (corrected transposition). The long-term follow-up of 107 patients
      examined at the Mayo Clinic over a 30-year period between 1951 and 1981 was
      reviewed. Overall survival from the date of Mayo Clinic diagnosis was 70% at five
      years and 64% at ten years. Associated variables were analyzed for their effect
      on survival including sex, age at diagnosis, presence of ventricular septal
      defect, pulmonary stenosis, dextrocardia, left atrioventricular valve
      insufficiency, and complete heart block. There was no significant difference
      between those with and without a ventricular septal defect (VSD). Pulmonary
      stenosis was protective when a VSD was present but was not a significant
      predictor of long-term survival. The only variable that consistently correlated
      with decreased survival was left atrioventricular valve insufficiency (p less
      than 0.04 for univariate and stepwise Cox, and p = 0.08 for multivariate
      analysis). A logistic model for survival after open-heart surgery failed to
      identify any significant variable. We conclude that the presence of left
      atrioventricular valve insufficiency in association with atrioventricular
      discordance significantly alters the long-term outcome. Atrioventricular valve
      replacement should be considered in such patients when insufficiency becomes
      hemodynamically significant.

PMID- 4059069
TI  - Normal values of aortic root measurements in neonates.
AB  - Aortic root diameter measurements were obtained during the first week of life by
      M-mode echocardiography using leading edge methodology during early diastole in
      172 preterm and 228 term neonates. At least 40 newborns were included in each 500
      g birth-weight subgroup from 750 to 4750 g. The aortic root diameter increased
      linearly from 0.63 +/- 0.04 cm in newborns with birth weights of 750-1249 g to
      1.06 +/- 0.06 cm in newborns of 4250-4750 g.

PMID- 4059070
TI  - Aneurysm of the fossa ovalis in infants: a pathologic study.
AB  - An aneurysm of the fossa ovalis was identified at autopsy in 17 infants. In each
      case the aneurysm of the fossa ovalis was considered to have resulted from
      excessive elevation of pressure in that atrium contralateral to the side into
      which the aneurysm bulged. The aneurysms were divided into two types: intrinsic
      (three cases) and extrinsic (14 cases). The intrinsic types of aneurysms of the
      fossa ovalis were considered to have started in fetal life and were consequences
      of abnormally narrow states of interatrial ostium II. Each intrinsic aneurysm
      bulged toward the left. Among the extrinsic types of aneurysm of the fossa
      ovalis, each was considered to have resulted from the hemodynamic consequences of
      a congenital anomaly in one side of the heart or other. Six aneurysms of
      extrinsic type bulged toward the left and eight toward the right. Aneurysm of the
      fossa ovalis should be included in the differential diagnosis of space-occupying
      conditions within the atria.

PMID- 4059071
TI  - The value of early repair for total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage.
AB  - A total of 20 children with total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (TAPVD)
      underwent complete repair within the past six years. The drainage was
      supracardiac in 11, infracardiac in seven, and into the coronary sinus in two. At
      repair mean age was nine weeks, and weight was 3.7 km. Operative technique in
      extracardiac types included complete mobilization of the common vein with
      division of anomalous channel when possible. The incision in the confluent vein
      was extended into the lobar veins when necessary to permit extensive
      incorporation of this structure into the posterior wall of the left atrium and
      resulted in a nonobstructing stellate-type anastomosis. Operative mortality was
      10% (2 of 20). Deaths occurred only in the group of infants in whom severe
      obstruction to pulmonary venous return required emergency operation, and one of
      these patients has persistent neurologic deficit. Late cardiac catheterization
      has been performed in 11 of 18 survivors. Nine had no or only minor abnormalities
      and two required reoperation. There have been no late deaths with follow-up of 2
      8 years (mean = 4 years). Currently, all of the survivors are without cardiac
      symptoms and only one requires cardiac medication. Our experience identifies
      pulmonary venous obstruction with critical symptoms as the major operative risk
      factor in patients with TAPVD. With early operation prior to onset of critical
      symptoms, mortality is low and functional results are excellent.

PMID- 4059073
TI  - Digoxin toxicity in a premature infant: treatment with Fab fragments of digoxin
      specific antibodies.
AB  - The first use of Fab fragments to treat digoxin toxicity in a premature infant
      with renal failure, 18 h after the onset of severe arrhythmias, is reported with
      dramatic results. The development of digoxin toxicity in the context of accepted
      therapeutic dosing to treat heart failure due to a cerebral arteriovenous
      malformation is discussed.

PMID- 4059074
TI  - Atresia of the coronary sinus orifice.
AB  - The cases of two children are reported in whom atresia of the right atrial
      orifice of the coronary sinus was diagnosed at cardiac catheterization. Only one
      previous case diagnosed in life has been found in the literature, though there
      are 34 necropsy reports. In nearly half the cases a persistent left superior vena
      cava has afforded the only outflow channel for the coronary sinus, and
      occasionally this may have surgical implications.

PMID- 4059072
TI  - Taussig-Bing anomaly and coarctation of the aorta in infancy: surgical options.
AB  - The coexistence of the Taussig-Bing anomaly and coarctation of the aorta is a
      highly complex situation carrying a dismal prognosis. Through our experience and
      a review, we have observed that neonates requiring coarctation repair, pulmonary
      artery banding, and patent ductus ligation are at high risk of expiring before
      reaching an age at which a difficult total repair is feasible. It appears that
      patients presenting beyond the neonatal period have a better chance of surviving
      an initial surgical procedure and the definitive repair. A surgical management
      protocol has been suggested. Although associated with an uncertain late
      prognosis, arterial level repairs are the most physiologic, and their results to
      date are encouraging.

PMID- 4059075
TI  - Khellin photochemotherapy of vitiligo.

PMID- 4059076
TI  - Involvement of the N4-oxide group in the phototoxicity of chlordiazepoxide in the
      rat.
AB  - To verify whether or not N4-oxide function is involved in the phototoxicity of
      chlordiazepoxide (CDZ, Librium), photopharmacology of reduced chlordiazepoxide
      (RCDZ) lacking the N4-oxide group was carried out and compared to that of CDZ.
      From the distribution of the 2 compounds in the skin and their UV-spectra in the
      wavelength region of the UV lamp, doses were calculated to allow the comparison
      of the photopharmacological effects. Contrary to what has been described for CDZ,
      no difference was found for RCDZ between irradiated and non-irradiated rats. The
      discussion leads to the conclusion that the N4-oxide group is responsible for
      systemic effects reported for phototoxic CDZ.

PMID- 4059077
TI  - UVB doses in maintenance psoriasis phototherapy versus solar UVB exposure.
AB  - A possible increase in the risk of skin cancer in psoriatic patients treated with
      long-term maintenance UVB phototherapy was assessed by comparing the cumulative
      doses of UVB with the amount of UVB received from sunlight by normal healthy
      people. The biologically-effective UVB dose (termed UVB(EE) ) was measured using
      polysulphone film and worn as a badge by individuals with either an indoor or an
      outdoor occupation during 4 summer months of 1983 in The Netherlands (52 degrees
      N). The calculated mean annual UV-B(EE) doses were 5.9 J/cm2 for persons with an
      indoor occupation and 134 J/cm2 for those with an outdoor occupation. The UVB(EE)
      doses received by psoriasis patients during an initial course of phototherapy, as
      well as during maintenance treatment, were also estimated and gave a mean value
      of 22 J/cm2. Mean annual amounts of solar UVB(EE) exposure were calculated and
      compared with the administered doses of UVB(EE) during maintenance phototherapy.
      A dose-response model is described in order to estimate the increased incidence
      of non-melanoma skin cancer associated with such therapy. The cumulative
      incidence among patients who received maintenance phototherapy for several
      decades was calculated to be a factor of 2.5 to 7.5 higher than the incidence
      among individuals with an outdoor occupation.

PMID- 4059078
TI  - Photobiological properties of some water-soluble 5-MOP and 8-MOP derivatives.
AB  - The photobiological properties of a number of water-soluble psoralen derivatives
      have been investigated. The compounds are characterized by the presence of
      protonated diethylaminoalkyloxy side-chains at position 5 or 8. Thus they are
      strictly related to the photochemotherapeutic agents 5-MOP and 8-MOP. Inhibition
      of DNA synthesis by the above compounds has been evaluated in mouse skin in vivo
      and in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. In the latter experiments, inhibition of
      tumor transmitting capacity has been demonstrated by injection of irradiated
      cells into healthy animals. Finally, skin erythema formation has been studied in
      albino guinea pigs. The photobiological responses were quite remarkable in all
      cases. In general, derivatives at position 5 exhibit stronger antiproliferative
      effects, while the 8 isomers display higher skin phototoxicity.

PMID- 4059079
TI  - The action spectrum for benzanthrone photosensitization of mouse macrophages.
AB  - An in vitro method for determination of the phototoxic action spectrum of
      benzanthrone was established using a cover slip-test tube culture system with
      mouse peritoneal macrophages. The action spectrum peaked between 380 and 400 nm
      with abrupt fall-off to either side. These findings correlate closely with both
      the absorption spectrum of benzanthrone and the clinical action spectrum of
      phototoxicity in humans.

PMID- 4059080
TI  - Sunscreens and PUVA.
AB  - Sunscreening creams have been tested for their capacity to protect non-lesional
      skin in patients receiving 8-methoxypsoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA).
      Cosmetically acceptable preparations such as Contralum Ultra and RoC Total are
      effective UVA sunscreens which may reduce the risk of carcinogenesis. A simple
      test of efficacy is described.

PMID- 4059081
TI  - Increased erythrocyte protoporphyrin in homozygous variegate porphyria.

PMID- 4059082
TI  - An inexpensive luminaire for diagnostic phototesting to UVB radiation.

PMID- 4059083
TI  - Lack of human phototoxicity from benzoyl peroxide.

PMID- 4059085
TI  - Symposium on alternatives to hospitalization.

PMID- 4059084
TI  - Choosing the proper filter/detector combination for the measurement of UVA and
      UVB radiation from various light sources.
AB  - UVA and UVB radiation is often measured with simple detectors by non-skilled
      personnel. In this study spectroradiometric measurements are compared to
      measurements with simple detectors equipped with various filters or
      filtercombinations. Measurements have been performed on light sources commonly
      used in dermatology such as UVA and UVB fluorescent tubes and medium pressure
      Mercury lamps, as well as on a Quartz Halogen lamp. Our results show that the
      application of Si photodiodes should, generally, be avoided, that UVA
      measurements can be performed with reasonable accuracy with detectors which are
      not sensitive to near infrared radiation when combined with simple filters, and
      that UVB measurements should be made with solar blind detector types for best all
      round results.

PMID- 4059086
TI  - The moment of admission.
AB  - Although the stress at the moment of admission is very high for both patient and
      clinician, a careful examination may lead to the discovery of individual and
      systems insufficiencies, which, if corrected, will significantly improve patient
      care for both the identified patient and those who will follow.

PMID- 4059087
TI  - An overview of community residences as alternatives to hospitalization.
AB  - Medical, social, legal, and economic factors have placed constraints on hospital
      based care for the mentally ill. Ready and consistent access to alternatives to
      inpatient care will become a critical element in the delivery system as more
      acutely ill and disabled patients have to be managed outside hospitals. This
      article describes types of community residences and their use as alternatives to
      hospitalization.

PMID- 4059088
TI  - Community care for the chronically mentally ill.
AB  - This article has presented the background, history, examples, and analyses of
      community care programs for the chronically mentally ill. From these data, it is
      concluded that such programs are as if not more effective an cost-efficient than
      conventional inpatient programs plus conventional follow-up for this population.
      The future, however, may depend much more on current political and economic
      trends than the scientific data available.

PMID- 4059089
TI  - From inpatient to inn status. A new residential model.
AB  - This article presents a new residential model that has been developed at the
      Massachusetts Mental Health Center. The "dormitory-inn" provides an alternative
      to 24-hour inpatient hospitalization for patients who traditionally would have
      been admitted and retained on inpatient services. Issues covered include hours
      and location, referrals, requirements for staff, medical and nursing coverage,
      and a review of the efficacy of the program.

PMID- 4059090
TI  - Alcoholism treatment as an alternative to psychiatric hospitalization.
AB  - Patients present to psychiatrists with substantial drinking problems either
      masquerading as mental illness or occurring simultaneously with it. This article
      reviews the clinical disturbances seen in alcoholism, the process of recovery
      from alcoholism, and how the various components of alcoholism treatment work. An
      approach to history-taking and assessment is followed by discussion of the
      decision whether to treat a person in an alcoholism treatment facility, a
      psychiatric hospital, or both.

PMID- 4059091
TI  - Treatment of the psychiatrically ill patient in the medical bed of a general
      hospital.
AB  - Disorders of the mind are disorders of a vulnerable physical organ: the brain.
      Psychiatry has a tradition of considering all factors involved in mental illness
      including psychologic, sociologic, environmental, and spiritual influence.
      However, we do well not to lose sight of the physical factors involved in mental
      illness. Admission of the psychiatrically ill patient to the medical bed of a
      general hospital is often the clear treatment of choice.

PMID- 4059092
TI  - Alternatives to psychiatric hospitalization for children.
AB  - The impetus for the dramatic increase in the number of treatment alternatives for
      children has come from changes in the theoretical conceptualization of treatment,
      social and political pressures, and financial considerations. This article
      reviews the literature on alternatives to hospitalization, appraising the
      available data on the effectiveness of psychiatric hospitalization and its
      alternatives and considers future research needs and the development of services
      in this area.

PMID- 4059093
TI  - Correctional mental health.
AB  - This article describes a prison program for mentally ill felons. It depicts the
      program's similarities to and differences from more traditional mental health
      programs. The unique qualities of the program are detailed, and possible future
      directions are considered.

PMID- 4059094
TI  - Psychiatry in the nursing home.
AB  - After facts were presented revealing a need for psychiatric services to nursing
      homes, the historical development of the nursing home was discussed.
      Relationships between society's expectations and government policy were
      described, as were three key variables that interact in the placement and care of
      a resident in a long-term care facility. An interdisciplinary approach to
      resident care was presented, along with a discussion of sexuality. Various
      functions of the psychiatric consultant were examined. Teaching and training,
      rather than taking over roles of the staff were emphasized.

PMID- 4059095
TI  - Indications for home treatment.
AB  - This article details the specific cases and situations in which home treatment
      has proved particularly appropriate and effective. It suggests that for certain
      patients, home treatment has become the treatment of choice.

PMID- 4059096
TI  - Partial hospitalization. An alternative to inpatient care.
AB  - Despite problems with research designs, sample sizes, differing areas of focus,
      and various research instruments, psychiatry can be encouraged by studies
      pointing to the following: Partial hospitalization can offer a viable alternative
      to inpatient hospitalization with less stigma and less family burden for
      patients. Such patients fare as well or better than their inpatient counterparts.
      When families or stable living situations are not available, the most acute
      patients can be treated and housed in a supervised living situation. Social and
      familial roles can be maintained. Partial hospitalization is helpful in reducing
      length and expense of full-time hospitalization when used as an transition to
      more traditional outpatient treatment and community life. This does not lead to
      increased rates of readmission or to exacerbating other symptoms or pathology.
      Partial hospitalization has grown steadily in the past 20 years. The question is
      no longer whether partial hospitalization works, but "what kind of patient can be
      best treated by partial hospitalization?" Innovative programs are sprouting. The
      1980s bring fiscal, educational, and clinical challenges to partial
      hospitalization programs everywhere.

PMID- 4059097
TI  - A unique approach. Spring Lake Ranch.
AB  - Spring Lake Ranch, a community setting in Vermont, has demonstrated a successful,
      cost-effective approach to residential care and treatment. The philosophy, goals,
      and therapeutic modalities of this 50-year-old facility are detailed.

PMID- 4059098
TI  - Psychiatric residency training in the consideration of alternatives to
      hospitalization.
AB  - Residency training should prepare one to accommodate to the current rapid changes
      in the political, economic, and legal climate as well as to biologic developments
      in psychiatry. One goal of training should be to remain open-minded to creative
      treatment approaches and disposition options for a wide variety of psychiatric
      patients.

PMID- 4059099
TI  - [Excretion of catecholamines in relation to personality types A and B].

PMID- 4059100
TI  - [Protoporphyrin IX level in erythrocytes of persons with alcoholic liver
      cirrhosis].

PMID- 4059101
TI  - [Interaction of phenytoin with propranolol, procainamide and digoxin].

PMID- 4059102
TI  - [Differentiation between the LGL syndrome and the accelerated atrio-ventricular
      conduction syndrome from observed cases].

PMID- 4059103
TI  - [Evaluation of left-ventricular systolic and diastolic time intervals in healthy
      persons and in patients with acute myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4059105
TI  - [A method of sanatorium treatment of patients with exertion-induced stable angina
      pectoris with graded physical exercises].

PMID- 4059104
TI  - [Effect of physical exercise on general physical fitness, various hemodynamic
      indicators and adrenaline and noradrenaline levels in the serum of patients with
      stable exertion-induced angina pectoris].

PMID- 4059106
TI  - [Two-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of myxoma of the left atrium].

PMID- 4059107
TI  - [Myocardial infarction during pregnancy].

PMID- 4059108
TI  - [Viral hepatitis in elderly patients (over 65 years of age)].

PMID- 4059109
TI  - [Viral hepatitis and diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 4059110
TI  - [Multiple cysts coexisting with liver cirrhosis in a 15-year-old girl].

PMID- 4059111
TI  - [Creation of percutaneous nephrostomy guided by ultrasonography].

PMID- 4059112
TI  - [Aspects of medical philosophy: medical intervention and the system of human
      values].

PMID- 4059113
TI  - [Health-promoting behavior as the basis of disease prevention].

PMID- 4059114
TI  - [Galvanic skin response in the evaluation of sympathetic nerve block].

PMID- 4059115
TI  - [Ultrafiltration in the treatment of severe congestive circulatory
      insufficiency].

PMID- 4059116
TI  - [Comparison of life expectancy parameters in members of the Church of Seventh-Day
      Adventists and in the general population].

PMID- 4059117
TI  - [Multi-year remission in 316 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 4059118
TI  - [Various clinical characteristics and serum immunoglobulin levels in common
      psoriasis].

PMID- 4059119
TI  - The role of complement in inflammation.
AB  - The inflammatory process may be initiated by a great variety of stimuli. Amongst
      the diverse pathogenic pathways that lead from the primary stimulus to the tissue
      response, the serum complement system (C) seems the most important and,
      certainly, it is the best analyzed of the mediator systems.

PMID- 4059120
TI  - Modification of neutrophil chemotactic responsiveness during various inflammatory
      reactions.
AB  - Various inflammatory reactions have been induced in order to examine the
      chemotactic response of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) collected under
      various experimental conditions. Cells were harvested from the pleural cavity of
      rats after the induction of three acute non specific inflammatory reactions and
      two immune reactions. The results obtained with two techniques of chemotactic
      assessment (agarose assay and Boyden chamber technique) demonstrated a variation
      of chemotactic response depending on the cell source and the chemoattractants
      used. Using agarose assay, we distinguished locomotor reactivity of PMN harvested
      after immune inflammatory reactions from that of PMN harvested after non immune
      inflammatory reactions. Chemokinetic and chemotactic responses to various
      chemoattractants were inhibited in the first case and not affected in the second.
      Using the Boyden chamber technique, inhibition of random or oriented migration of
      PMN harvested after immune inflammatory reactions after the injection of a non
      antigenic irritant such as calcium pyrophosphate crystals (CaPP) was also
      observed.

PMID- 4059121
TI  - Mechanism of production of toxic oxygen radicals by granulocytes and macrophages
      and their function in the inflammatory process.
AB  - The paper deals with 1) the features of the respiratory burst (increase of the
      respiration with production of O2 metabolites, O2-, H2O2, OH) of the inflammatory
      cells; 2) the factors responsible for its activation; 3) the methods for its
      measurement; 4) the molecular events which take place at the level of the plasma
      membrane following the interaction between the stimuli and the cell surface (the
      Ca++ changes, the modification of membrane potential, the activation of
      phospholipid turnover) and the hypothesis of the activation of the protein kinase
      C; 5) the nature of the NADPH oxidase whose activation is responsible for the
      respiratory burst and the production of O2 metabolites; 6) the defensive, toxic,
      proinflammatory and modulatory effects due to the reactivity of the oxygen
      metabolites.

PMID- 4059122
TI  - Causative agents, mediators and histomorphology of inflammation.
AB  - The purpose of this survey on the interrelationship of causative agents,
      mediators and the histomorphology of inflammation is to show to what extent
      endogenous biochemical factors determine the inflammatory reaction. There is
      overwhelming evidence, today, that such factors are involved in the manifestation
      of acute as well as chronic, non-specific as well as well as specific
      inflammation. In fact, the histomorphological pattern of many inflammatory
      reactions more directly reflects the activity of the mediators than of the
      causative agents involved. Therefore, knowledge of the properties of mediators of
      inflammation does not only provide new insights into the underlying
      pathomechanisms but may also help in the understanding and interpretation of the
      histomorphology of inflammatory lesions.

PMID- 4059123
TI  - Karyometry of pseudostratified, metaplastic and dysplastic nasal epithelium by
      morphometry and stereology. 2. Automated image analysis (IBAS) of the basal layer
      of nickel workers.
AB  - A mathematical model for the stereological analysis of parallel-oriented,
      spheroidal nuclei has been applied to the basal layers of respiratory,
      metaplastic and dysplastic nasal epithelia. Nuclear profiles seen on tissue
      sections were measured with an automatic image analyser (IBAS). Nuclear profile
      area distributions were used to assess possible polyploidies. The result are
      compared to the histopathological grading, consisting of pseudostratified
      (respiratory), cuboidal, mixed cuboidal/squamous, squamous, and dysplastic
      epithelia. The estimated nuclear axis lengths, volumes, surface areas and
      volume/surface ratios are, in the great majority of cases, significantly smaller
      in pseudostratified or cuboidal epithelium than in squamous metaplasia and
      dysplasia. Correspondingly, the numerical density of the nuclei is lower in the
      latter cases, in which is also noted a smaller nuclear eccentricity. No
      significant difference is found between the nuclei of squamous and dysplastic
      epithelia. There is a clear correlation between the mean profile areas and the
      stereologically estimated volumes of the nuclei. When classifying the mean
      profile areas into four classes, a progressive shift from the smaller towards the
      larger size classes is observed when passing from pseudostratified to dysplastic
      epithelia, through the different metaplastic stages. The nuclear profile area
      plots often show several peaks, even in some pseudostratified and cuboidal
      epithelia, probably reflecting polyploidy. There is a marked tendency towards
      larger profile areas in squamous metaplasia and dysplasia. One
      histopathologically typical dysplasia showed only small-sized nuclei and another
      had a notable contribution of those in its profile area plot, in contrast with
      all the other dysplasias and squamous metaplasias, which displayed practically no
      small nuclei. The possible implications of the existence of "small-sized-nuclei
      dysplasias" are discussed. The literature dealing with nuclear volumes or DNA
      quantities in putative preneoplastic situations in reviewed. Our method adds some
      valuable objective criteria to those used in classical histopathological grading.
      It should be possible to apply this method to other epithelial tissues.

PMID- 4059125
TI  - Prognostic significance of some pathologic factors in breast carcinoma.
AB  - The prognostic significance of several pathologic factors was analysed in a
      series of 221 cases of breast carcinoma consecutively and primarily treated in a
      department of surgery. It was found that the outcome of patients could be fairly
      well outlined in routine practice using the axillary nodal involvement (absence
      or presence of metastases and number of "positive" nodes), tumor size as measured
      in surgical specimens and histopathologic evaluation. It was also found that the
      predictive value of tumor grading is clearly enhanced when it is used in
      combination with the histological classification. The histological pattern and
      sinus histiocytosis of regional lymph nodes, as well as the lymphoid infiltration
      of the tumors, were also found to have some prognostic importance. The presence
      of vascular invasion in primary tumors of patients with nodal metastases as well
      as the finding of extranodal extension did not provides additional prognostic
      information.

PMID- 4059124
TI  - The cleaved cell content of non-cleaved (transformed) follicular center cell
      lymphomas and its clinico-pathological significance.
AB  - The relationship of cleaved cell content and survival was studied in 122 patients
      with transformed small and large non-cleaved cell types of the Lukes and Collins
      classification for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The large non-cleaved follicular
      center cell (FCC) type showed higher contents of cleaved cells than did the
      others; the geometric mean value differed significantly from that of small non
      cleaved FCC Burkitt type (p less than 0.0001) or non-Burkitt type (p less than
      0.01) lymphomas. There was a tendency toward a better prognosis with large
      fractions of cleaved cells but no statistical difference was found. The
      prognostic characteristics of the neoplastic clone are better revealed by the
      predominant cell.

PMID- 4059126
TI  - Myeloma and generalized mesenchymal amyloidosis causing malnutrition and cardiac
      failure.
AB  - A 39-year-old Negro woman had the mesenchymal type of generalized amyloidosis and
      myeloma of bone. Malnutrition and heart failure dominated the clinical course and
      led to her death. The autopsy study is summarized in the following diagnoses.

PMID- 4059127
TI  - Coexistence of a gonadoblastoma and mixed germ cell-sex cord stroma tumor.
AB  - A 46 XY woman with a dysgerminoma and gonadoblastoma is described. Both
      dysgerminoma-gonadoblastoma and mixed germ cell-sex cord stromal tissue was
      present upon microscopic examination. This case exemplifies the transition that
      can exist between these two distinctly separate tumors.

PMID- 4059128
TI  - Retroperitoneal giant lymph node hyperplasia (plasmocytic type).

PMID- 4059129
TI  - Home intravenous antibiotic therapy. A practical management approach for the
      1980s.
AB  - The development of antibiotics with extended duration of activity, combined with
      the social and economic changes in the practice of medicine in recent years, has
      resulted in use of home intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy to treat a wide range
      of infections in selected patients. At Lovelace Medical Center, infections of the
      musculoskeletal system have accounted for two thirds of the cases for which such
      therapy is used. First-and third-generation cephalosporins have been used most
      often and at our institution are almost identical in terms of actual charges to
      the patient. Although several important medicolegal and ethical problems have yet
      to be resolved, home IV antibiotic therapy has been shown to be safe, effective,
      and capable of reducing medical costs to both patients and health care providers.

PMID- 4059130
TI  - Stress-related illness. Where the evidence stands.

PMID- 4059131
TI  - Kidney stones. Medical management and newer options for stone 'removal'.
AB  - Patients with recurrent kidney stone disease or stone formers at increased risk
      of recurrence deserve a thorough metabolic workup. This should be based on a
      careful history and include urinalysis, serum chemistry studies, and analysis of
      24-hour urine collections. Measures to prevent recurrent stone formation are
      aimed at correcting the metabolic imbalances detected in the workup. A variety of
      drugs are available that target one or more of the metabolic abnormalities that
      may be involved. For "surgically active" renal and ureteral stone disease, newer
      techniques make surgery unnecessary in most cases. Extracorporeal shock wave
      lithotripsy is becoming the preferred technique for disintegration of upper
      urinary tract stones. Percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy and electrohydraulic
      disintegration also are widely used. For lower urinary tract stones, the
      ureteroscope permits either extraction under visualization or ultrasonic
      disintegration.

PMID- 4059132
TI  - Falls in the elderly.

PMID- 4059133
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus. A diagnostic and therapeutic puzzle.
AB  - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) constitutes a model autoimmune disease
      characterized by a heterogeneous patient population, diverse manifestations, and
      disease flares and remissions. Consequently, individualized treatment programs
      are essential. Given the significant toxic effects of corticosteroid and
      immunosuppressive therapy, minor disease activity in SLE should be managed
      conservatively. In contrast, major disease activity is potentially life
      threatening; thus, it should be treated as aggressively as possible to rapidly
      restore organ function. By using the clinical and laboratory parameters now
      available, the clinician can diagnose SLE early in its course and monitor disease
      activity and patient response to treatment.

PMID- 4059134
TI  - Venipuncture utilizing crystal thermography. A new technique.

PMID- 4059135
TI  - Aging's effects on sexual function. Expected changes and treatable dysfunction.

PMID- 4059136
TI  - Hypertension and stroke in a young man with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
AB  - In the case reported here, a 34-year-old man with severe obstructive sleep apnea
      syndrome had arterial hypertension and had had a stroke that caused right
      hemiplegia. A review of the literature reveals a surprisingly high occurrence of
      arterial hypertension in subjects with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,
      including children. The cause of hypertension in these patients is not clear.
      Surgical procedures and a new nonsurgical treatment have been successful in
      relieving the symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea. Our patient's symptoms
      resolved completely after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and tonsillectomy. However,
      his arterial hypertension persisted.

PMID- 4059137
TI  - Asymmetrical lipomatosis: report of two cases.
AB  - We report on two patients with an asymmetrical expansion of fat tissue. At
      computed tomography, lipomatous tissue proved to be superficially located in one
      patient and both subcutaneously and deeply located in the second. Signs and
      symptoms of a peripheral neuropathy were observed in both patients, who were
      otherwise asymptomatic. The lipolytic activity in post-heparin plasma was normal
      in both patients. The fat cell size of lipomatous tissue, obtained in one patient
      by percutaneous needle biopsy, was higher than that of contralateral, uninvolved
      adipose tissue. The adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity in lipomatous
      tissue was higher than that in normal tissue. High density lipoprotein (HDL),
      HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol values were elevated in both patients but not exceeding
      1 standard deviation the values of age and sex matched controls. Isoprenaline
      stimulated lipid mobilization was similar in lipomatous and in control tissue.

PMID- 4059138
TI  - Hypertension control in the community--an Israeli experience.

PMID- 4059139
TI  - Subconjunctival emphysema.

PMID- 4059140
TI  - Splenic abscess.

PMID- 4059141
TI  - A case of ocular toxicity to ethambutol--an idiosyncratic reaction?
AB  - Optic neuritis, a well known adverse effect of ethambutol, is related to the dose
      and duration of the therapy. The patient described here developed rapidly
      progressive deterioration of vision after only 3 days of treatment with
      ethambutol. Such a case has not been reported before and it is suspected that
      this was an idiosyncratic reaction.

PMID- 4059142
TI  - Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a complication of anorexia nervosa?
AB  - We describe a patient with anorexia nervosa who developed a spontaneous
      pneumomediastinum. Five other patients have been reported with this association,
      suggesting that tissue changes in anorexia nervosa may predispose to this
      condition.

PMID- 4059143
TI  - 'Numismatist's pneumonitis.' A case of acute nitrogen dioxide poisoning.
AB  - A case of acute nitrogen dioxide toxicity is described, together with its
      management and a review of the possible complications.

PMID- 4059144
TI  - Autoerythrocyte sensitization (Gardner-Diamond syndrome) in men: a case report
      and review of the literature.
AB  - Autoerythrocyte sensitization (AES) is a rare syndrome particularly among males.
      A young male with typical AES is herewith described. We review all seven
      published cases of AES in men for which details are available and compare the age
      of onset, somatic manifestations, associated diseases and psychiatric
      disturbances between the sexes. We emphasize that the criteria essential for a
      diagnosis of AES should include typical clinical presentation, longstanding
      clinical history and a positive skin test with the patient's blood. Because of
      the rarity of AES there is a lack of awareness regarding it among many doctors.

PMID- 4059145
TI  - Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, spider naevi and oestrogen hyperexcretion
      associated with adenocarcinoma.
AB  - We describe two patients with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, spider naevi and
      elevated 24 h urinary oestrogen excretion associated with an adenocarcinoma. In
      one of the patients, the spider naevi and the clinical signs of hypertrophic
      osteoarthropathy disappeared and the 24 h urinary oestrogen returned to normal
      following removal of the tumour.

PMID- 4059146
TI  - Prolactinoma during pregnancy causing compression symptoms responding to
      bromocriptine therapy.
AB  - A woman with pituitary macroadenoma causing pressure symptoms and a partial right
      third cranial nerve palsy during pregnancy is described. Complete resolution
      occurred using oral bromocriptine therapy alone and the remainder of the
      pregnancy was uneventful.

PMID- 4059147
TI  - Primary hepatic pregnancy.
AB  - A case of a 28 weeks primary hepatic pregnancy in a 25 year old female is
      reported. A live male fetus weighing 1300 g was delivered after laparotomy and
      the placenta was left intact. The uterus was of 8 weeks size with patent tubes.
      The patient made an uneventful recovery.

PMID- 4059148
TI  - Hepatic necrosis with doxapram hydrochloride.
AB  - We report the first case of acute hepatic necrosis, which we believe to have been
      caused by the administration of the respiratory stimulant, doxapram hydrochloride
      (Dopram).

PMID- 4059149
TI  - Transitional cell carcinoma of the upper renal tract in rubber workers.
AB  - We report two patients where transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary
      tract developed after occupational exposure to known carcinogens, in the rubber
      industry. Although carcinoma of the bladder is well recognized in this context,
      to our knowledge, this association has not been reported previously.

PMID- 4059150
TI  - Idiopathic sclerosing peritonitis.
AB  - A girl of 12 years old presented with acute small bowel obstruction nine weeks
      after an uncomplicated appendicectomy. The obstruction was found to be due to the
      development of sclerosing peritonitis. Previous reports of this rare condition
      have suggested that it is predominantly found in adolescent girls residing in
      subtropical climates.

PMID- 4059151
TI  - The use of etretinate in psoriatic arthropathy.

PMID- 4059153
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome. Proceedings of a symposium. Gilston Park, Essex, 17 July
      1984.

PMID- 4059152
TI  - Coping with the journal 'mountain'.

PMID- 4059154
TI  - Toxic shock in the United States of America: epidemiology.
AB  - Toxic-shock syndrome (TSS), a severe multisystem febrile illness caused by S.
      aureus, occurs in a wide variety of clinical settings. Although the majority of
      reported cases in the United States continue to be associated with menstruation
      and tampon use, TSS also occurs in postpartum women and in patients with infected
      surgical wounds, cutaneous and subcutaneous infections, and infections at other
      body sites. Well documented cases of TSS have now been reported from countries
      around the world.

PMID- 4059155
TI  - Toxic shock: clinical presentation and management. I.
AB  - A case of toxic shock syndrome in an 18 year old girl is described, evincing most
      of the features typical of this disease.

PMID- 4059156
TI  - Toxic shock: clinical presentation and management. II.
AB  - The management of toxic shock syndrome poses a challenge to clinicians because
      the syndrome has only been recently recognized and new complications are still
      being described. This report describes the major complications which arose in our
      case and highlights a severe bleeding disorder which was the cause of the
      patient's death. The bleeding disorder was characterized by normal in vitro
      coagulation screens, normal platelet aggregation tests, but prolonged skin
      bleeding time. It was not improved by haemodialysis, platelet transfusion or
      steroid therapy. We conclude that in cases with severe toxaemia, despite early
      recognition and appropriate treatment, there is still no effective method of
      preventing complications. Current avenues for investigation include
      plasmapheresis, the administration of fresh frozen plasma, and the development of
      a specific anti-toxin.

PMID- 4059157
TI  - The pathology of tampon usage and of the toxic shock syndrome.
AB  - Tampon usage is commonly associated with the development of transient,
      asymptomatic focal vaginal abnormalities such as dehydration, epithelial peeling
      and micro-ulceration. These abnormalities occur most commonly with superabsorbent
      tampons and are probably due to a fluid shift across the vaginal epithelium.
      Clinically apparent vaginal ulceration due to tampon usage is rare: these ulcers
      may develop from asymptomatic tampon-induced micro-ulcers. The pathological
      changes seen in the toxic shock syndrome are inconsistent but are, in general,
      due either to reduced tissue perfusion, or to the effects of a toxin. Cervico
      vaginal ulceration in women with the toxic shock syndrome is probably a
      consequence rather than a cause of toxin entry into the systemic circulation.

PMID- 4059158
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome: the effect of solid phase materials on the physiology of
      Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Rayon and chemically modified cotton were compared for their effects in vitro on
      the physiology of a strain of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a patient with
      toxic shock syndrome. Two types of experiment were carried out. The materials
      were used to pretreat the medium before culturing in the absence of the
      materials. Chemically modified cotton was either added or removed from three hour
      cultures and incubation continued. The rayon treated medium had little effect on
      growth or exoenzyme/toxin production by S. aureus. The chemically modified cotton
      greatly reduced growth of S. aureus and decreased exoenzyme/toxin production when
      added to three hour cultures. However, pretreated medium and cultures grown for
      three hours with the material present followed by incubation in its absence
      increased the exoenzyme/toxin production by S. aureus. The in vitro data suggests
      large effects of chemically modified cotton on the physiology of S. aureus by in
      some way, at present unknown, altering the growth medium.

PMID- 4059159
TI  - The toxic shock syndrome revisited.
AB  - The association between toxic shock syndrome and the staphylococcal toxin TSST-1
      is not entirely consistent. In vitro, the elaboration of the toxin occurs only
      under aerobic conditions, whereas the environment of the vagina is largely
      anaerobic. So far, moreover, the materials of which tampons are composed seem not
      especially to favour the growth of the causative micro-organisms. Further, the
      relationship between the disease and tampon absorbability is not entirely
      established. Nevertheless, the effect of particular fibres cannot be discounted.

PMID- 4059160
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome in Britain--epidemiology and microbiology.
AB  - By 30 June 1984, only 99 confirmed and probable cases of toxic shock syndrome
      (TSS) had been reported in the British Isles. Sixty-three were related to
      menstruation in women aged 14 to 54 years who used tampons of various brands and
      absorbencies; 33 (52%) of these cases were in girls under 20. Five women died
      (8%) and 19 (30%) reported at least one other possible episode. Thirty-six cases
      associated with a variety of clinical conditions occurred in men aged 17 to 74
      years (9), women aged 20 to 54 years (15) and 12 children aged 10 months to 10
      years; six patients (17%) died. Strains of Staphylococcus aureus which produced
      toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) were isolated from 53 of 58 (91%)
      menstrual, but only from 18 of 33 (54%) non-menstrual patients. The frequency of
      toxin production was highest (93%) for 56 vaginal isolates and lowest (33%) for 9
      isolates from blood culture. Ninety-six percent (68 of 71) of strains that were
      TSST-1-positive were sensitive to lytic-group I phages at one of the three
      concentrations tested; 82% were lysed by phage 29. Nineteen percent of 339
      strains from a variety of sources other than TSS, produced TSST-1, and 35% of the
      strains lysed by group I phages were positive. Antibody to TSST-1 was detected by
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at a serum dilution of 1:100, in 232 of 320
      (82%) healthy individuals aged 14 to 56 years, but in acute-phase sera from only
      four of 37 (18%) TSS patients. A rise in antibody levels during convalescence was
      noted in two menstrual and 5 non-menstrual patients. These results show that the
      epidemiology of TSS is similar in Britain and the United States and provide
      further evidence of the importance of TSST-1-producing strains in the aetiology
      of the disease.

PMID- 4059161
TI  - Intravenous anaesthesia and the need for new agents.
AB  - Ideally one would like a water-soluble, non-irritant, rapidly-acting, smooth
      induction agent, with no antanalgesic action. Cardiovascular and respiratory
      depression should be minimal with normal dosage. Since these are unlikely to be
      achieved with a single drug, the combination of opioid and induction agent offers
      possibilities that should be explored. A slight delay in onset would not be a
      major obstacle, provided this is predictable, but the prime need is for a rapidly
      acting less toxic alternative to thiopentone.

PMID- 4059162
TI  - Rectal or axillary temperature in the young child?

PMID- 4059163
TI  - Antibiotics in acute respiratory illnesses.

PMID- 4059164
TI  - How to detect early splenic enlargement.

PMID- 4059165
TI  - Liquorice can damage your health.

PMID- 4059166
TI  - Acute asthma in childhood and the role of nebulisers.

PMID- 4059167
TI  - A critical study of clinical ecology.

PMID- 4059168
TI  - Home continuous infusion chemotherapy.

PMID- 4059169
TI  - New concepts in the prevention of incontinence.

PMID- 4059170
TI  - Leechmania in microsurgery.

PMID- 4059171
TI  - Insomnia: some facts and fiction.

PMID- 4059172
TI  - Hypospadias: the modern approach.

PMID- 4059173
TI  - [Pericardial shadows caused by fatty tissue--the chest image and computer
      tomography].

PMID- 4059174
TI  - [Isolation of smoker cells by determination of specific weight using
      centrifugation in a dense medium].

PMID- 4059175
TI  - [Interstitial lung diseases].

PMID- 4059176
TI  - [Workshop--Time progression analysis and sleep apnea. Marburg, 15-16 March 1985.
      Abstracts].

PMID- 4059177
TI  - [Conspicuous motoricity--an attempt at expanding perspectives. Fear of
      undiscovered damage].

PMID- 4059179
TI  - [Training in the ability to deal with conflict using encounter groups in school].

PMID- 4059178
TI  - [Presentation of the self concept of drug-dependent patients in their personal
      records].

PMID- 4059180
TI  - [Forgotten persons? Adolescents in corrective treatment].

PMID- 4059181
TI  - Preparation of a homogeneous and stable form of bovine milk lipoprotein lipase.
AB  - Lipoprotein lipase was purified to homogeneity from bovine skim milk by a two
      step procedure using chromatography on heparin-Sepharose. As determined by
      gradient-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, purified
      lipoprotein lipase showed a single band with an apparent molecular weight of
      55,000. The use of Triton N-101 in the washing buffers was the major improvement
      from previously reported purification procedures that resulted in a stable
      homogeneous preparation of the enzyme.

PMID- 4059182
TI  - Rat kidney histamine N-methyltransferase: purification and partial
      characterization.
AB  - Histamine N-methyltransferase (HMT, EC 2.1.1.8) was purified 8,420-fold in 44%
      yield from rat kidney. The basic steps in the purification included differential
      centrifugation, calcium phosphate adsorption, DEAE cellulose chromatography, and
      affinity chromatography on an S-adenosylhomocysteine-agarose matrix. The
      resulting protein was homogeneous as determined by gel electrophoresis and was
      stable for at least five months at -80 degrees C. The apparent molecular weight
      of the enzyme was found to be 31,500 as determined by gel filtration through
      Sephadex G-100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The
      isoelectric point of the enzyme was determined to be 5.4. The Km's for histamine
      and S-adenosyl-L-methionine were 12.4 +/- 1.3 microM and 10.2 +/- 0.5 microM,
      respectively. When S-adenosyl-L-methionine was the variable substrate, the Ki's
      for S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and S-adenosyl-D-homocysteine were 31.9 +/- 3.4
      microM and 32.0 +/- 3.5 microM, respectively. When histamine was the variable
      substrate, the Ki for S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine was 11.8 +/- 0.6 microM.
      Comparison of physico-chemical and catalytic properties of the rat kidney and the
      guinea pig enzymes suggest that these proteins have similar structural and
      catalytic characteristics.

PMID- 4059183
TI  - The subplacenta of the beaver (Castor canadensis).

PMID- 4059184
TI  - Basal lamina thickening in the placentae of smoking mothers.
AB  - The thickness of the basal lamina in the placentae of 20 matched pairs of smoking
      and non-smoking mothers was measured using an electron microscopic method of
      quantification. A significant increase of the thickness of the trophoblastic
      basal lamina was found in the smokers' placentae: 181 nm (s.d. +/- 38.2 nm) in
      non-smokers versus 286 nm (s.d. +/- 69.9 nm) in smokers (P less than 0.005). A
      significant increase of the thickness of the capillary basal lamina was also
      found: 75 nm (s.d. +/- 12.1 nm) in non-smokers versus 111 nm (s.d. +/- 16.0 nm)
      in smokers (P less than 0.005). The number of duplications around the capillary
      basal lamina was found to be increased in the placentae of smoking women.

PMID- 4059185
TI  - Maternal to fetal movement of creatinine as a measure of perfusion efficiency and
      diffusional transfer in the isolated human placental lobule.
AB  - A method employing the maternal to fetal transfer of the slowly diffusing
      molecule creatinine in the closed-circuit dual perfusion of a term human
      placental lobule is described. This molecule provides an alternative to the use
      of antipyrine and is a useful tool in determining the overlap of the two
      circulations and the available exchange area in this preparation.

PMID- 4059186
TI  - Chronic villitis of unknown aetiology and intrauterine growth-retarded infants of
      normal and low ponderal index.
AB  - Placentae from 211 term pregnancies were studied. The placentae were divided into
      three groups: group I, 57 placentae from neonates with birthweight over the 25th
      centile of the normal birthweight curve; group II, 49 placentae from neonates
      whose birthweight fell between the 10th and 25th centiles of this curve, and
      group III, 105 placentae from neonates whose birthweights were below the 10th
      centile of the curve. Each of the studied groups were divided into two subgroups,
      one comprising those infants with a normal Ponderal Index (PI) and the other
      comprising those with a low PI. A higher incidence of chronic villitis and of
      inflamed villi was observed as the average birthweight decreased in cases with
      normal PI as well as in cases with low PI, the highest incidence being found in
      placentae from infants with harmonic intrauterine growth retardation (normal PI).
      The same was observed with respect to the presence of maternal vascular lesions
      in all groups studied. It is suggested that an infant's birthweight and crown
      heel length may be affected as a consequence of the extension and severity of the
      placental lesions and the timing of their appearance in gestation.

PMID- 4059187
TI  - U.S.S.R. and U.S. nutrient intake, plasma lipids, and lipoproteins in men ages 40
      59 sampled from Lipid Research Clinics populations.
AB  - Correlates of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and other lipids and
      lipoproteins were studied in white men ages 40-59 who were part of the 15% random
      sample recalled to Visit 2 of the Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence
      Study. Standardized examinations were conducted by two U.S.S.R. and nine U.S.
      clinics. Mean plasma lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol levels differed
      significantly between the two countries, with the U.S.S.R. subpopulations having
      higher mean total plasma and HDL cholesterol levels and HDL/total cholesterol
      ratios and lower mean triglyceride levels and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/HDL
      cholesterol ratios than the U.S. subpopulations. Small, but statistically
      significant, differences were found in some dietary components. The U.S.S.R.
      sample had a significantly higher intake of saturated fatty acids, carbohydrates,
      complex carbohydrates, and kilocalories/kilogram body weight and a significantly
      lower intake of total fat, polyunsaturated fatty acids, protein, and
      polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratio. The multiple regression models tested were
      not major predictors for total plasma cholesterol or LDL cholesterol.
      Characteristics associated with higher HDL cholesterol levels in both countries
      were lean body mass, ethanol consumption, abstinence from cigarette smoking, and
      lower dietary consumption of carbohydrates.

PMID- 4059188
TI  - Factors associated with active participation in a Cancer Prevention Clinic.
AB  - To investigate factors that influence individuals at higher than average risk for
      cancer to seek preventive care, we studied 78 people by questionnaires designed
      to assess a variety of psychological, familial, and personal demographic
      variables. Twenty-six of these subjects (probands) had actively sought the
      services provided by a Cancer Prevention Clinic whereas the other subjects
      (nonprobands) did not initiate contact with the clinic. The results of a
      discriminant analysis indicate that prior involvement in cancer preventive
      activities, interest in cancer-specific information, and level of perceived
      susceptibility to cancer all contributed significantly to active participation in
      the Cancer Prevention Clinic. Level of psychological discomfort was found to be
      associated with cancer-specific variables, but did not contribute significantly
      to proband status. Involvement in preventive behaviors and perceived cancer
      susceptibility were most highly associated with familial factors, such as the
      proportion of first-degree relatives with cancer, whereas interest in cancer
      information was primarily related to perceived risk level.

PMID- 4059189
TI  - The independent contributions of socioeconomic status and health practices to
      health status.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine whether the much-repeated finding of
      a relationship between socioeconomic status and health status is explained by
      individuals' health practices. The investigation was carried out using data tapes
      from the 1977 Health Interview Survey in which a one-third subsample of adults
      was asked a series of questions related to the seven nonmedical health practices
      identified in the Alameda County Study. The group selected for analysis comprised
      15,892 white, responding adults. With age controlled statistically, perceived
      health status was found to be associated with socioeconomic status, whether the
      indicator was educational level, family income, or occupation, and to number of
      positive health practices. When number of health practices, in addition to age
      and other socioeconomic indicators was controlled for, the association was still
      positive and significant. The finding of an independent contribution by
      socioeconomic status to health status emphasizes that individual health habits
      are not the only influence on health status.

PMID- 4059190
TI  - Assessing needs for youth health promotion.
AB  - Children and adolescents recently have become a group targeted for health
      promotion efforts. It is argued that early behavioral intervention will alter
      patterns of behavior that might place young people at increased risk for chronic
      diseases later in life. The Minnesota Heart Health Program is a longitudinal,
      community-based research and demonstration project to improve cardiovascular
      health in three north central communities. Reductions in cigarette smoking,
      improved eating and exercise patterns, and hypertension management are targeted
      objectives. To design educational interventions for children and adolescents in
      these areas as part of this program, a behavioral needs assessment was conducted
      in the communities prior to program implementation. This needs assessment focused
      on existing behavior patterns, skills related to the targeted behaviors, and
      environmental influences. This article describes that needs assessment, the
      results from two of the communities, differences due to gender and age of
      student, and the implications of the results for designing intervention
      activities for children and adolescents.

PMID- 4059191
TI  - [Levels of immune complexes in the blood of patients with thyrotoxicosis].
AB  - According to the present-day concepts a significant role in the development of
      thyrotoxicosis is played by autoimmune mechanisms, therefore a study of the
      problem of the content and role of the circulating immune complexes (IC) in this
      pathology is of interest. The IC amount was determined in the peripheral blood of
      82 patients with thyrotoxicosis using precipitation with polyethylene glycol
      (mol. m. 6000). An elevated amount of the circulating IC was marked in 75% of the
      patients. Correlation between the IC content in the peripheral blood, the
      patients' age and the duration of disease was revealed. No variations of the
      indices with relation to the disease severity and duration were noted. The
      absence of the positive time-course of the signs determining the IC amount during
      thyrostatic therapy necessitates the incorporation of immunomodulators in
      multimodality therapy in thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 4059192
TI  - [Androgen receptors in the pubic skin and testosterone content of the blood in
      women with hirsutism].
AB  - A study was made of "free" binding sites and the total number of sites binding
      androgens with the cytoplasmic receptor protein in the pubic skin biopsy
      specimens and testosterone in the blood serum of patients with hirsutism, degree
      II-III. A higher mean level of testosterone was found in the blood serum of
      patients with hirsutism, degree II-III, suffering from hyperandrogenism of
      ovarian and/or adrenal origin as compared to women with idiopathic hirsutism,
      degree I-III. "Free" sites of the binding of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
      with receptors were not revealed in most of the patients, however the total
      number of sites of the binding of DHT with cytoplasmic receptors were found in
      all the studied skin biopsy specimens. The results obtained show that there are
      significant differences in the testosterone level in the blood serum and the
      total number of DHT binding sites in the pubic skin cytosol of women with
      idiopathic hirsutism and patients with hirsutism, degree II-III, with
      hyperandrogenism of ovarian and/or adrenal origin.

PMID- 4059193
TI  - [Testosterone content of the blood in women with Itsenko-Cushing disease].
AB  - The paper is concerned with the results of a study of the testosterone content in
      the blood of 68 women with the Itsenko-Cushing disease at different stages of
      therapy. The testosterone level was elevated in the blood of untreated patients
      at the stage of exacerbation and remission following various therapeutic
      modalities including khloditan and returned to normal after bilateral total
      adrenalectomy. It is assumed that the source of testosterone hyperproduction in
      the Itsenko-Cushing disease is the adrenals.

PMID- 4059194
TI  - [Mauriac's syndrome in an adult patient with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 4059195
TI  - [A case of successful treatment of puerperal osteomalacia].

PMID- 4059196
TI  - [Acute adrenal insufficiency].

PMID- 4059197
TI  - [Reaction of the thyroid gland to a single and prolonged administration of
      prolactin].
AB  - A study was made of the thyroid and hypophysis response to the administration of
      a summary analogous dose of prolactin injected in a single dose or in the course
      of 5 days. Experiments were made on female rats at the diestrus stage. The
      content of thyroid hormones and thyrotropic hormone (TTH) in the blood was
      determined by radioimmunoassay. The concentration of thyroid hormones and TTH was
      compared in the basal state and 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after prolactin
      injection. An acute prolactin administration was shown to result in an elevated
      TTH level on the 30th minute and T4 on the 60th minute. Five-day
      hyperprolactinemia caused a decrease in the content of thyroid hormones in the
      blood and disturbed positive correlative interrelationships between the thyroid
      hormones and negative ones between thyroxine and TTH. It is assumed that the
      preservation of a high prolactin level in the blood can maintain the hyperthyroid
      state.

PMID- 4059198
TI  - [Thyroid dysfunction and disorders in deamination of nitrogenous compounds in
      experimental atherosclerosis].
AB  - A decrease in monoamine deamination with simultaneous appearance of cadaverine
      deaminating activity in the mitochondrial fractions of the rabbit liver, brain
      and heart was more noticeable under conditions of hypothyroidism combined with
      hypercholesterolemia developing in the presence of normal function of the
      thyroid. A decrease in monoamine deamination, the appearance of cadaverine
      deaminating activity and a significant increase in AMP deamination were observed
      in the mitochondrial fraction of the rabbit heart muscle under conditions of
      hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 4059199
TI  - [Interrelation of the epiphysis and parathyroid glands].
AB  - Synergism between parathyroidin and epithalamin (an extract from the cattle
      epiphyses) with relation to phosphorus metabolism was revealed in experiments on
      guinea-pigs. Both drugs possessed a hypophosphatemic effect. The influence of
      epithalamin on calcium metabolism was mediated by changes in parathyroid
      function. An elevation of the parathyroid hormone in the blood was noted after
      the administration of epithalamin.

PMID- 4059200
TI  - [Role of estrogens in the induction and regulation of a specific estrogen-binding
      protein in the rat liver].
AB  - A study was made of the role of estrogens (E) in the induction and regulation of
      the level of specific estrogen binding protein (SEBP) in the rat liver using a
      differentiated quantitative method of its determination. It was shown that E
      could not replace androgens (A) in the primary determination of the SEPB level,
      neither did they prevent its A-dependent induction. Multiple administration of
      0.4 microgram of estradiol (E2) caused a significant decrease in the SEPB level
      in intact and castrated male rats as well as in ovariectomized females with the A
      induced SEPB level. Multiple administration of even 10 micrograms of E2 did not
      influence the SEPB level in hypophysectomized males. The rate of development of
      the E2 effect on the SEPB level of the mature male liver increased with the
      growth of the dose and duration of hormone administration. The inhibitory effect
      of E2 was also revealed in a single administration of 10 micrograms of the
      hormone. In that case the effect was observed after a 3-day lag period, and a
      maximum decrease in the SEPB level occurred in 6 days. The regulatory negative
      effect of E2 was reversible. Complete regeneration of the initial SEPB content
      took place 10-12 days after the development of the maximum effect of E2.

PMID- 4059201
TI  - [Content and utilization of testosterone in the cardiac and skeletal muscles of
      male rats during physical exercise].
AB  - They influenced differently the content, transport and utilization of
      testosterone (T) in the body. The strength training resulted in a 2.5-3-fold
      increase of the T-content and binding capacity of blood proteins as compared with
      untrained animals, and a 1.5-2.0-fold increase of these characteristics as
      compared with untrained animals. As a result of PE 3H-T incorporation in 10
      investigated tissues and organs including muscles increased 2-fold. A
      pharmacokinetic study showed that androgen half-life in the body increased from 1
      h 35 min to 2 h 16 min under PE. The training did not change the T content in the
      active skeletal and heart muscles. The T and androgen receptor content in the
      muscle cytosol did not change after training.

PMID- 4059202
TI  - [Characteristics of the treatment and outpatient care for tuberculosis patients
      who are World War II disabled and veterans].

PMID- 4059203
TI  - [Clinical x-ray indices of pulmonary tuberculoma activity].

PMID- 4059204
TI  - [Use of splenin in the combined treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients].

PMID- 4059205
TI  - [Effectiveness of tuberculin in the combined treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis
      patients].

PMID- 4059206
TI  - [Clinical significance of the changes in the parameters of the radiohepatogram of
      pulmonary tuberculosis patients].

PMID- 4059207
TI  - [Results of the functional study of the single kidney following repeated surgical
      interventions in urinary tract tuberculosis].

PMID- 4059208
TI  - [Organization of bacteriological research in tuberculosis].

PMID- 4059209
TI  - [Improved bacteriological diagnosis of tuberculosis in the Lithuanian SSR].

PMID- 4059210
TI  - Taurine. Biological actions and clinical perspectives. Proceedings of a satellite
      symposium of the 9th IUPHAR Congress of Pharmacology. Helsinki, August 6-8, 1984.

PMID- 4059211
TI  - Taurine can form small peptides with a number of amino acids.

PMID- 4059212
TI  - A protective effect of taurine on "hypoxic" and "reoxygenated" guinea pig heart.

PMID- 4059213
TI  - Effect of taurine on cardiovascular disturbances in rats with chronic renal
      failure.

PMID- 4059214
TI  - Taurine and failing heart: experimental and clinical aspects.

PMID- 4059215
TI  - Blood platelets: accumulation and release of taurine.

PMID- 4059216
TI  - Mechanisms of stimulated taurine release from nervous tissue.
AB  - Spontaneous taurine efflux from brain cells is strikingly slow and only
      moderately enhanced by either homo- or heteroexchange. A part of taurine release
      evoked by potassium depolarization from brain slices and synaptosomes is clearly
      calcium dependent when the enhancement of release--to a great extent from glial
      cells--induced by calcium-free media and calcium chelators is properly taken into
      account in evaluation. Sodium-free medium is the most effective means in
      provoking taurine efflux. It is suggested that normally the transmembrane sodium
      gradients aid in maintaining the high intracellular taurine concentrations.

PMID- 4059217
TI  - Properties of sodium-independent taurine binding to brain synaptic membranes.
AB  - The sodium-independent taurine binding to twice Triton treated brain membranes
      characterized here was reversible, temperature-insensitive and saturable with a
      broad pH optimum, being thus characteristic of a synaptic receptor site. Only one
      type of binding site with a rather low maximal capacity was detected.
      Furthermore, binding exhibited properties of positive cooperativity, indicating
      that two or more taurine molecules possibly interact at a binding site. Both GABA
      and glycine as well as their agonists and antagonists strongly displaced taurine
      binding. The novel anticonvulsive taurine derivatives wee also effective
      displacers. The relevance of the binding observed in vitro to the possible
      synaptic receptors for taurine in vivo still remains to be determined.

PMID- 4059218
TI  - Taurine and its derivatives alter brain dopamine metabolism similarly to GABA in
      mice and rats.

PMID- 4059219
TI  - Taurine transport and metabolism in human retinoblastoma cells.
AB  - These findings suggest that the Y79 retinoblastoma cell may be a useful
      experimental system in which to study certain aspects of taurine metabolism. The
      cells contain high concentrations of taurine when they are grown under normal
      conditions. This can occur in two ways. One is through synthesis of taurine from
      serine; the other is by taurine uptake facilitated by a high-affinity transport
      system. These results regarding synthesis and uptake are consistent with what has
      been reported for retinal preparations from other species (Lombardini 1980;
      Sabceda 1980; Schmidt 1980; Pourcho 1981; Adler 1983). The retinoblastoma cells
      did not release taurine, however, when they were depolarized. Cultured chick
      embryo retinal neurons also do not release taurine following depolarization
      (Adler 1983). Therefore, neither of these culture systems provides any evidence
      for a direct role of taurine release in retinal neurotransmission. The
      retinoblastoma cells take up relatively low concentrations of taurine more
      efficiently through the high-affinity transport system when they are enriched in
      docosahexaenoic acid (22:6). This suggested the possibility that the high 22:6
      content of the retina may be related specifically to taurine utilization.
      Additional studies revealed, however, that the transport effect was not specific
      for either 22:6 or taurine. Enrichment with arachidonic acid, an n-6
      polyunsaturate that cannot be converted to 22:6, produced a similar enhancement
      of taurine uptake (Yorek et al. 1984).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4059220
TI  - Specific increase of taurine in denervated skeletal muscle.

PMID- 4059221
TI  - Muscle taurine in chicken and diseased human muscle.

PMID- 4059222
TI  - Reduced taurine contents and modification of anticonvulsive effects of
      phenobarbital and phenytoin by guanidinoethane sulfonate in mice.
AB  - In the present study, we investigated whether administration of guanidinoethane
      sulfonate, and inhibitor of taurine uptake, worsens electroshock-induced
      convulsions or modifies the antiepileptic actions of phenobarbital or phenytoin
      against maximal electroshock seizures in mice. Treatment with 1% guanidinoethane
      sulfonate in drinking water for 9 days decreased taurine concentration in the
      brain to 76% of control value. Under these conditions, neither the severity of
      tonic convulsions of maximal electroshock seizures nor the threshold for tonic
      extension caused by electroshock was altered. On the other hand, the
      antiepileptic potency of phenobarbital and phenytoin against tonic convulsions of
      maximal electroshock seizures in mice was significantly lessened by chronic
      administration of guanidinoethane sulfonate. This decrease in potency was not due
      to an alteration in pharmacokinetics, as the brain levels of these drugs were
      unchanged. Furthermore, administration of the anticonvulsive drugs did not change
      brain concentrations of guanidinoethane sulfonate and total guanidino compounds.
      It is suggested that the observed loss of anticonvulsive potency of phenobarbital
      and phenytoin may be related to the decreased concentration of taurine produced
      by administration of guanidinoethane sulfonate.

PMID- 4059223
TI  - Taurine deficiency in the developing cat: persistence of the cerebellar external
      granule cell layer.

PMID- 4059224
TI  - Dietary taurine is necessary for normal retinal development in monkeys.

PMID- 4059225
TI  - Lead administration during gestation and suckling transiently elevates taurine
      concentration in the brain of developing rats.

PMID- 4059226
TI  - Hypotaurine oxidation by mouse liver tissue.

PMID- 4059228
TI  - Normal and abnormal bone growth. Basic and clinical research. Proceedings of the
      Second International Conference. Los Angeles, California, January 3-5, 1985.

PMID- 4059227
TI  - Alteration of cerebral biosynthesis of taurine in spontaneously hypertensive and
      3-acetylpyridine intoxicated rats.

PMID- 4059229
TI  - The mouse skeletal mutants: models for the human skeletal dysplasias.

PMID- 4059230
TI  - Mandibular skeletal dysmorphology in micrognathic mice.
AB  - The primary manifestations of micrognathia were microglossia, midline fusion of
      the right and left sides of the mandible, total absence of incisor and molar
      toothbuds and, in many cases, absence or perhaps premature resorption of Meckel's
      cartilage. In addition, there was altered osteogenesis as evidenced by disrupted
      trabecular patterns, as well as an overall dimensional reduction of the mandible
      both antero-posteriorly and laterally. Strikingly similar results were reported
      by Johnson (1926), who studied the progeny of x-irradiated mice. How specifically
      our results correlate with this much earlier work is a matter for further
      analysis. It seems clear that the critical factor in the development of
      micrognathia is not so much an abnormal formation of the bony mandible, but a
      deficiency of tongue development, specifically its intrinsic musculature. Thus,
      mandibular micrognathia involves not only a dysmorphology of the first branchial
      arch, but also the mesenchymal cell migration from the occipital somites. Taken
      together, the picture is one that suggests an underlying cause that may have its
      inception at a much earlier developmental stage, when ectomesenchymal migration
      from the region of the neural tube occurs. In any event, we can report
      confidently that spontaneous micrognathia in prenatal mice is not a simple
      dimensional reduction of the lower jaw, but a more complex morphological
      phenomenon.

PMID- 4059231
TI  - Growth following craniofacial remodeling in craniosynostosis.

PMID- 4059232
TI  - Bone morphology and growth potential: a perspective of postnatal normal bone
      growth.

PMID- 4059233
TI  - The effect of salmon calcitonin on the epiphyseal plate and the metaphyseal
      osteogenesis of the rat.

PMID- 4059234
TI  - Skeletal growth in the normal rabbit: a longitudinal study of serum somatomedin-C
      and skeletal development.

PMID- 4059235
TI  - The effect of continuing eruption on bone growth at the alveolar margin.

PMID- 4059236
TI  - Changes in masticatory biomechanics and stress magnitude that affect growth and
      development of the facial skeleton.

PMID- 4059237
TI  - Factors influencing craniofacial growth.

PMID- 4059239
TI  - Induction of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis by demineralized dentin: effect of
      two different demineralizing agents and response of cells in different host
      tissues.

PMID- 4059238
TI  - Osteoblastic and fibroblastic PGE: in vivo effects of indomethacin and mechanical
      force.

PMID- 4059240
TI  - The effect of bovine skin collagen (Zyderm) on the healing of experimental
      defects in rat calvarium.

PMID- 4059241
TI  - Facial suture synostosis related to altered craniofacial bone remodeling induced
      by biomechanical forces and metabolic factors.

PMID- 4059242
TI  - Pathogenesis and treatment conceptualization of dentofacial malrelations as
      related to the pattern of occlusal relationship.

PMID- 4059243
TI  - The effects of chronic absence of active nasal respiration on the growth of the
      skull.

PMID- 4059244
TI  - Unilateral ablation of the temporomandibular joint in rabbits: a study with vital
      staining.

PMID- 4059245
TI  - The effect of surgical rotation on the subsequent pattern of condylar growth.

PMID- 4059246
TI  - Temporomandibular joint ankylosis.

PMID- 4059247
TI  - Osteoclasts isolated in primary cell culture--a model to study conditional
      changes in vitro.
AB  - Osteoclasts have been isolated out of the bone marrow of laying hens kept on a
      low calcium diet for eight days. After purification the cells are cultured in a
      DMEM suspension. Development of the incubated single cells was observed up to 34
      days and morphological changes are reported. No major difference could be found
      if the osteoclasts were kept on acrylic dishes or on gas permeable teflon dishes
      as a ground substrate.

PMID- 4059248
TI  - Growth disturbance of the acetabulum by damage to the triradiate cartilage of
      rabbits.

PMID- 4059249
TI  - Acceleration of ossification by means of interferential current.
AB  - Dynamic interferential current ossification system (DICOS) is a new non-invasive
      method to accelerate bone growth and repair successfully applied in Europe. As
      all evaluation methods of clinical bone repair models are too subjective and
      statistically unreliable, we base our statement on well defined animal
      experiments with standardized artificial fractures on sheep. Histological,
      chemical, radiological and electron-microscopic evaluations showed that the
      higher the interferential current density, the higher: The mineralization of the
      new bone; The extracellular alkaline phosphatase and The earlier the weight
      bearing. The electrical field was cross-calculated with computer-aided programs.
      4000 Hz alternating current, using the interferential principle; Pleasant current
      sensation Non-invasive transcutaneous application; Electrode application at any
      distance from the fracture, even outside the cast; The application is not
      contraindicated with metal implants being used; No chemical burning under the
      electrodes; Post-traumatic oedema resorption; Pain relief for patients in cases
      where analgetics are contraindicated; Acceleration of reinnervation and
      improvement of microcirculation.

PMID- 4059250
TI  - The use of shape measures in the study of skeletal growth and development.

PMID- 4059252
TI  - Detection and treatment of lipid and lipoprotein disorders of childhood.
      Proceedings of the Third International Atherosclerosis Conference. Vienna,
      Austria, April 4-9, 1983.

PMID- 4059251
TI  - Demineralized bone matrix is a powerful source of the protein which programs
      mesodermal differentiation.

PMID- 4059253
TI  - The natural history of serum lipids and lipoproteins during childhood.

PMID- 4059254
TI  - Effect of dietary treatment on the plasma levels of lipids, lipoprotein
      cholesterol and LDL B protein in children with type II hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - These data confirm the effectiveness of therapeutic diets in children with type
      II hyperlipoproteinemia in conventional terms. However, the decrease in LDL
      cholesterol was not accompanied by a significant decrease in LDL B (suggesting
      only a small change in the number of LDL particles in plasma), and a fall in HDL
      cholesterol occurred, with no significant improvement in the LDL to HDL
      cholesterol ratio. These findings indicate that further research is needed to
      develop diets with more optimal effects. Finally, our hypothesis that such diets
      may produce an LDL particle of altered composition, needs to be confirmed using
      additional physical-chemical measurements of the size, composition and molecular
      weight distribution of LDL in plasma before and after dietary intervention.

PMID- 4059255
TI  - Epidemiological studies on cardiovascular risk factors during childhood: total
      and HDL cholesterol in relation to diet.

PMID- 4059256
TI  - Problems associated with lipid and lipoprotein analyses.

PMID- 4059257
TI  - Inter-individual variation in the cholesterolemic response to dietary
      cholesterol.

PMID- 4059258
TI  - Problems of long-term treatment in children with familial hypercholesterolaemia.

PMID- 4059259
TI  - Rationale for early detection and treatment of hyperlipidemias.

PMID- 4059260
TI  - Apolipoproteins: significance for lipid metabolism and for diagnosis of
      atherosclerotic disease.

PMID- 4059261
TI  - Changes in plasma lipoproteins from first day to third week of human life.

PMID- 4059262
TI  - On the advantage of screening kindergarten children for atherogenesis-related
      risk indicators.
AB  - On the basis of our practical experience we can recommend screening of young
      children outside the clinic. Our methodology has proven to be appropriate for
      this purpose. Among young children, three groups are easily accessible: Newborns 
      since delivery occurs mostly in a clinic; infants up to one year - since these
      children are provided with basic medical care, and kindergarten children.
      According to our experience, kindergartens are favorable places for screening
      children because many children are together in one place. Children of this age
      can be easily motivated to cooperate during the examination, and since they stay
      in the kindergartens for a considerable period of the day, they only can be
      guided by nurses who can provide positive motivation for educational programs. As
      an additional advantage, the cooperation between nurses and parents, as well as
      positive influence on the parents, by the nurses might be taken into account. In
      this context, nurses must be regarded as key persons for strategies when
      considering life-style changes. Identifying children at risk at this early age
      could shorten the pathogenetic period and increase the chance for regression of
      the atherosclerotic disease process. Furthermore, children of this age are
      willing to learn and to change their habits. There is also a possibility that
      children may implant in their families experiences and information obtained in
      the kindergartens. Such parents might be more open to advice from kindergarten
      personnel, and thus also profit for themselves. An additional and valuable
      advantage of screening kindergarten children is the possibility of detecting
      first-degree relatives at risk before clinical manifestation of the disease,
      thereby having a good chance for successful intervention.

PMID- 4059263
TI  - Cellular and molecular aspects of aging. The red cell as a model. Proceedings of
      a conference. Minneapolis, Minnesota, September 8-11, 1984.

PMID- 4059264
TI  - Non enzymatic glycosylation of proteins.

PMID- 4059265
TI  - Comparative oxidative damage in red cells and myelin.

PMID- 4059266
TI  - Role of hemoglobin instability in premature red cell destruction.

PMID- 4059267
TI  - Age dependent changes in erythrocyte membrane function.

PMID- 4059268
TI  - The effect of oxidation on the structure and function of human erythrocyte
      spectrin.

PMID- 4059269
TI  - Use of an in vivo enrichment procedure to study membrane skeletal protein changes
      during red cell aging.

PMID- 4059270
TI  - Membrane phospholipid abnormalities in pathologic erythrocytes: a model for cell
      aging.

PMID- 4059271
TI  - A naturally occurring anti-alpha-galactosyl IgG recognizing senescent human red
      cells.

PMID- 4059272
TI  - Senescence and sequestration of RBC from circulation.

PMID- 4059273
TI  - In vivo and in vitro age-related alterations in adenine nucleotide metabolism in
      human red cells.

PMID- 4059274
TI  - Control of red cell 2,3-DPG levels in vitro and a proposal for in vivo control in
      response to hypoxia and metabolic demand.

PMID- 4059275
TI  - Elevated red cell calcium: innocent bystander or kiss of death?

PMID- 4059276
TI  - Selected ionic and metabolic characteristics of human red cell populations
      separated on stractan density gradients.

PMID- 4059277
TI  - A search for the primary biochemical effect of the Dpg gene; does this gene
      influence cellular aging?

PMID- 4059278
TI  - The viability of young and old baboon red cells stored in the liquid state at 4
      C.
AB  - Baboons were given intravenous injections of 50-70 microCi of 59Fe citrate to
      label young and old red cells. Blood subsequently collected from these animals
      was stored at 4 C in ACD, CPD, or CPDA-1 for up to 36 days. The 59Fe-labelled
      young and old red cells from the stored blood samples were labelled in vitro with
      51Cr and 99mTc and then separated by counterflow centrifugation-elutriation into
      7 fractions which differed in red cell volume. 59Fe-labelled young red cells were
      found in the fractions with the larger red cell volumes; 59Fe-labelled old red
      cells were found in the fractions with the smaller red cell volumes. 51Cr and
      99mTc labelled young and old red cells in the 7 fractions in a similar manner.
      When salivary antigens were used to identify ABO compatible baboons, rapid
      removal of the donor red cells from the circulation was seen in 7 of the 15
      homologous transfusions. This prompted us to assess compatibility from the
      survival of 51Cr-labelled donor red cells. In transfusions in which compatibility
      was identified from 51Cr T50 values of 8 days or greater, 24-hour posttransfusion
      survival values were similar for the 59Fe young and old red cells. Our data show
      that in vivo aging of red cells is a different process from that occurring with
      in vitro deterioration of red cells during liquid storage at 4 C.

PMID- 4059279
TI  - Impromptu discussion of comparative aspects of red cell aging.

PMID- 4059280
TI  - Cytoskeletal changes in aging platelets.

PMID- 4059281
TI  - Accumulation of advanced glycosylation endproducts on proteins and nucleic acids:
      role in ageing.

PMID- 4059282
TI  - The role of aspartic acid and asparagine residues in the aging of erythrocyte
      proteins: cellular metabolism of racemized and isomerized forms by methylation
      reactions.

PMID- 4059284
TI  - [A compaction equation for binary powder mixtures].

PMID- 4059283
TI  - [The determination of opium alkaloids with thin layer and high pressure liquid
      chromatography].

PMID- 4059285
TI  - [Constituents of the cactus Lophophora williamsii].

PMID- 4059286
TI  - [Marine macroalgae. Metabolic specialization and versatile food producers].

PMID- 4059287
TI  - [Colchicum, the meadow saffron].

PMID- 4059288
TI  - Treatment of superficial candidiasis with bifonazole 1% gel.
AB  - Sixty-one patients with superficial candidiasis, confirmed on entry by clinical
      examination and mycological culture, were treated with a single daily application
      of a 1% bifonazole gel over a period of 4 weeks. Patients were seen every week
      during treatment and then followed-up for 2 weeks. An overall assessment of
      response to treatment, based on the clinical and mycological culture findings at
      the 14-day follow-up visit, showed that the results were very good in 49 and
      moderate in 9 patients, with only 3 patients being considered as failing to
      respond. Local tolerance was very good, but burning was reported by 1 patient,
      burning and itching by 1, and ardor and irritation by one. All these side-effects
      occurred at the start of treatment and they subsided without interruption of
      bifonazole treatment.

PMID- 4059289
TI  - Treatment of tinea corporis or tinea cruris with bifonazole 1% gel: an open,
      multicentre study.
AB  - An open, multicentre study was carried out in 103 patients with confirmed
      dermatophyte infections (tinea cruris or tinea corporis). The fungi isolated were
      Tr. rubrum (45), Tr. mentagrophytes (11), Ep. floccosum (26) and M. canis (21).
      All patients were treated with a single daily application of bifonazole (1% gel)
      and the duration of treatment was 3 weeks. Weekly clinical controls were
      performed during the therapeutic period and at least two clinical and mycological
      examinations were given after the end of treatment. Treatment was evaluated
      according to the clinical and mycological findings at the 14th post-therapeutic
      day. The results obtained were classified as very good in 80 patients, good in
      11, moderate in 11 and failure in 1 patient. Local tolerance was very good and no
      side-effects were observed in any patients.

PMID- 4059290
TI  - An open, multicentre assessment of the effectiveness of bifonazole in the
      treatment of tinea (pityriasis) versicolor.
AB  - One hundred and twenty-one patients with tinea (pityriasis) versicolor, confirmed
      by pretherapeutic clinical and mycological examination, were treated with a
      single daily application of bifonazole (BAY h 4502) 1% gel for 2 weeks. Weekly
      clinical controls were performed during the treatment period and at least two
      clinical and mycological post-therapeutic controls were given. Overall results
      were very good in 98 patients, good in 15, moderate in 7 and failure in 1
      patient. Local tolerance was very good; only 1 patient presented with slight
      erythema and pruritus during the treatment.

PMID- 4059291
TI  - Therapeutic effects and tolerance of an extempore combination of an
      antibacterial, an anti-inflammatory, and an antimycotic cream in skin diseases of
      various origins.
AB  - Forty out-patients suffering from a variety of skin diseases were treated over a
      period of 7 to 14 days (mean 9.6 days) with twice-daily applications of an
      extempore combination of sodium fusidate, clobetasone butyrate and ketoconazole
      creams. The severity of symptoms was assessed before, after 5 days and at the end
      of treatment and an overall evaluation made of response to therapy. The findings
      indicated that there was clinical cure or significant improvement in 37 (92.5%)
      of the patients, with excellent tolerance and no reports of any adverse
      reactions.

PMID- 4059292
TI  - Patient benefits of l-dopa and a decarboxylase inhibitor in the treatment of
      Parkinson's disease in elderly patients.
AB  - Sixty patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, irrespective of previous
      treatment, were recruited and treated with benserazide/l-dopa or carbidopa/l
      dopa, randomly allocated, in a double-blind comparative study. Duration of
      disease on entry was 1 year or less in 70% of patients and was graded as moderate
      in 55% of patients. Mean age of patients on entry was 76 years for males and 80
      years for females. Assessments were made before treatment and after 1 week, 3
      weeks, 6 weeks and, finally, at 12 weeks. The dosage of drug was titrated at each
      visit to give minimum risk with acceptable benefit. Both drugs effectively
      improved the disability scores of the parkinsonian symptoms and the Sheffield
      Unit's Activities of Daily Living scores, the latter showing the immediate
      benefit for the patient in terms of independence. More patients improved in the
      benserazide/l-dopa-treated group. Furthermore, apart from one activity the
      improvement in each individual symptom and activity was greater in the
      benserazide/l-dopa-treated group, but none of the differences reached a
      statistically significant level. Adverse events recorded during the study were
      few and in many cases transient. Two patients defaulted (1 on each treatment) and
      7 patients died during the study from non-drug-related causes.

PMID- 4059293
TI  - Long-term effect of pizotifen treatment on growth hormone levels of underweight
      children, including those with anorexia nervosa.
AB  - Eight underweight children, 3 of them with anorexia nervosa, were treated for 3
      months without interruption with 1.0 to 1.5 mg pizotifen per day. Their mean
      weight gain was 4.6 +/- 1.1 kg (range 2.5 to 11.5 kg) and their height increased
      by 1.4 +/- 0.5 cm (range 0 to 4 cm), as in normal controls. Before the start of
      and at the end of treatment with pizotifen, protracted insulin tolerance tests
      were performed, during which blood glucose and growth hormone (hGH) levels were
      measured (10 times over 2 hours). In the same patients, hGH levels were measured
      (6 times over 2 hours) in the late evening, during sleep. Treatment with
      pizotifen did not decrease the hGH response to insulin-caused hypoglycaemia.
      After pizotifen, some blood glucose levels were lower than before pizotifen. The
      mean hGH values during sleep did not change significantly after pizotifen. In 1
      patient with anorexia nervosa the increased hGH levels decreased during treatment
      to very low levels (she gained 11.5 kg); in another patient they increased (she
      gained 2.5 kg). The possible mechanisms of pizotifen action are discussed
      briefly. There were no changes in serum prolactin levels during pizotifen
      administration.

PMID- 4059294
TI  - Therapeutic usefulness of a corticosteroid, antibacterial and antifungal
      combination in skin diseases of various origins.
AB  - Forty-one patients with skin diseases of various origins were treated with an
      extempore combination of three creams containing clobetasone butyrate, sodium
      fusidate and ketoconazole. A mixture of the creams was applied once to 3-times
      daily for periods ranging from 5 to 15 days (mean 8.5 days). Assessments were
      made before, during and at the end of the treatment period using a symptom
      severity rating scale. The results showed that all symptoms regressed to a
      significant extent and by the end of the treatment period there had been complete
      disappearance or improvement with satisfactory remission in 97.6% of the
      patients. Local tolerance was excellent or good in all patients and there were no
      reports of any side-effects.

PMID- 4059295
TI  - Cytoprotective approach to peptic ulcer therapy: a preliminary dose-finding
      clinical investigation with triletide.
AB  - Thirty out-patients with gastric (8) or duodenal (22) ulcers were randomly
      assigned to receive a daily dose of 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 g triletide over a period of
      8 weeks. Endoscopic findings and overall clinical rating indicated that triletide
      effectively accelerated ulcer healing in a proportion of patients (73% of
      responders), with a trend for better response at doses higher than 1 g/day,
      regardless of the ulcer location. Heartburn, epigastric pain and concomitant
      antacid consumption improved significantly in each dose group, but to a
      significantly greater extent in the highest dose group than in either mid-dose or
      low-dose groups. Tolerance of treatment was good at all dose levels, and no
      significant variations in routine haematology, haematochemistry or renal function
      tests were observed. It is suggested, therefore, that triletide provides an
      effective and well-tolerated new means to promote ulcer healing, both gastric and
      duodenal, with easily graded symptomatic relief by modifying the daily dose.

PMID- 4059296
TI  - Dose-finding clinical assay of triletide in gastric and duodenal ulceration.
AB  - Three groups of 15 patients with endoscopically confirmed active gastric or
      duodenal ulcer were treated over a period of 8 weeks with daily doses of 1, 1.5
      or 2 g triletide, an anti-ulcer agent which acts by enhancing the mucosal defence
      capacity. Intensity of epigastric pain and of heartburn and weekly consumption of
      standard antacid tablets, as well as possible accessory symptoms, were recorded
      every other week, endoscopy was repeated at the end of treatment and routine
      haematology and haematochemistry performed before and after treatment. The
      proportion of patients found to be endoscopically healed was significantly
      correlated to the log of the dose used, giving an ED50, under the test
      conditions, of 1.2 g/day (86.7% healed at 2 g/day). The improvement in each
      assessed symptom was significantly correlated with time according to an
      exponential regression. The computed exponent indicated that each higher dose
      resulted in a significantly faster regression of symptoms than each lower dose
      (mean time to decrease symptoms by 50%; 4.3 weeks at 2 g/day; 7.4 weeks at 1.5
      g/day; and 20.8 weeks at 1 g/day). Moreover, two-ways analysis of variance
      indicated a significant dose-time interaction (p less than 0.01); thus, the
      improvement provided at any given time was more than proportional to the used
      dose. Tolerance was good at all three dose levels and no variations in
      haematology and haematochemistry could be detected. It is concluded that
      triletide, at a dose of between 1.5 and 2 g/day according to the patient's
      condition, appears to be an effective and well-tolerated means of promoting
      healing and controlling symptoms in peptic ulcer patients.

PMID- 4059297
TI  - Clinical evaluation of triletide versus antacids in the treatment of duodenal
      ulcer out-patients.
AB  - Thirty out-patients with endoscopically assessed, active duodenal ulcer of mild
      to moderate intensity were randomly assigned to 8-weeks' treatment with either
      antacids (0.8 g/day each of aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide),
      triletide (1.5 g/day) or a combination of the two treatments. Every other week,
      the intensity of subjective symptoms and of objective signs was scored and
      recorded, and the endoscopic outcome assessed at the 8th week. Three patients on
      antacids alone and 1 on triletide alone were withdrawn at the 4th week because of
      therapeutic failure. Symptoms and signs improved in the three groups
      significantly faster, to a significantly greater extent, and in more patients
      with triletide, alone or in combination, than with antacids. Endoscopic evidence
      of therapeutic response was detected in significantly more patients given
      triletide, alone or in combination, in comparison with the group who had
      antacids. A significant influence on promoting ulcer healing could be attributed
      to triletide (p less than 0.05, multiple linear regression) and not to antacids.
      Tolerance was complete in all patients. It is concluded that triletide appears to
      be equally well tolerated as, but significantly more effective than, antacids in
      relieving symptoms and promoting healing in patients with mild to moderate
      duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 4059298
TI  - Effects of combined treatment with triletide and cimetidine in gastric and
      duodenal ulcer patients, and a retrospective comparison with cimetidine alone.
AB  - A study was carried out in 15 patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer to assess
      whether the efficacy of the antisecretory agent cimetidine might be improved by
      the addition of a cyto-protective agent, triletide, to the treatment regimen. The
      patients were treated for an average of 11 +/- 5 days with 0.2 g parenteral
      cimetidine per day plus 1.5 g oral triletide per day. Endoscopy was performed
      before and after treatment, as well as routine haematology and haematochemistry.
      Intensity of symptoms and signs of the illness was scored and recorded daily
      during the first 5 days of treatment, as well as the extent of antacid intake.
      Collected data were compared with those of a series of 15 superimposable patients
      who had shortly before been treated with 0.2 g/day of cimetidine alone. A greater
      proportion of patients given the combination was found to be endoscopically
      healed after treatment in comparison with those who had cimetidine alone (53% vs
      40%). Intensity of symptoms decreased significantly faster and to a significantly
      greater extent in the same patients, as did antacid intake. The intensity of
      objective signs (tenderness, melaena) showed a similar but not significantly
      different trend. Total symptom intensity decreased twice as fast with the
      combination in comparison with cimetidine alone (time to decrease by 50%: 4.2
      days vs 8.2, respectively). There was no evidence of side-effects or intolerance
      during treatment.

PMID- 4059299
TI  - Preliminary human pharmacokinetics of triletide.
AB  - Six healthy volunteers were administered a single 1 g dose of triletide, orally,
      and blood concentrations of the parent drug determined by high pressure liquid
      chromatography over a 10-hour period. Analysis of both individual and pooled data
      indicated that triletide was well absorbed after oral administration, with a lag
      time of 0.3 hours and the blood peak was reached after about 1.1 to 1.3 hours.
      Metabolization to desmethyl, desacetyl, desmethyl-desacetyl and hydroxylated
      derivatives plays a major role in the biotransformation of the drug and thus in
      its disappearance from blood, the distribution half-life being about 1 hour.
      Elimination half-life ranged about 5 hours, thus suggesting a dosage schedule of
      3-times daily for loading, while for maintenance a twice-daily schedule appears
      also suitable. The existence of deep compartments and, therefore, risks of
      accumulation appear to be excluded.

PMID- 4059300
TI  - Flunitrazepam prevents succinylcholine-induced increase in intra-ocular pressure.
AB  - Ninety-three patients scheduled for various elective surgical procedures were
      divided into three equal groups and had induction of anaesthesia with either
      thiopentone (5 mg/kg), thiopentone (5 mg/kg) plus gallamine (0.3 mg/kg), or with
      flunitrazepam (0.03 mg/kg). Four minutes after induction they received a bolus
      intravenous injection of succinylcholine (1 mg/kg). Intra-ocular pressure was
      measured before and after induction, and approximately 1 minute after
      succinylcholine. It was found that flunitrazepam prevented the increase in intra
      ocular pressure better than thiopentone plus gallamine. In both these groups, the
      subsequent intravenous administration of succinylcholine slightly increased the
      pressure but to levels below that noted before anaesthesia was induced. However,
      intra-ocular pressure was significantly increased above baseline levels when
      succinylcholine was injected after induction with thiopentone alone.
      Flunitrazepam is recommended, therefore, as a possible alternative for
      thiopentone-gallamine induction with succinylcholine when an increase in intra
      ocular pressure must be prevented.

PMID- 4059302
TI  - Behavioral effects of pergolide mesylate on food intake and body weight.
AB  - In a crossover design experiment, pergolide mesylate significantly suppressed
      food intake and body weight in spayed female rats. Inhibition of food intake by a
      constant dose of pergolide progressively diminished with repeated
      administrations. Pergolide continued to suppress body weight with no indications
      of tolerance. When pergolide was discontinued, body weight increased sufficiently
      to compensate for the loss and failure to gain during drug treatment. A second
      experiment investigated the observation that animals injected first with vehicle
      showed greater anorexia when subsequently injected with pergolide than did
      animals injected first with pergolide. In addition, tolerance was further
      assessed by administering on two occasions a higher dose of pergolide. Following
      chronic pergolide treatment, this dose was insufficient to reinstate anorexia;
      however, after a period of abstinence, this dose produced anorexia comparable to
      that observed at the beginning of pergolide treatment. Due to pergolide
      mesylate's action as a postsynaptic dopamine agonist, a dopaminergic neural
      system is implicated in pergolide induced anorexia.

PMID- 4059301
TI  - The effect of diflunisal administration on platelet aggregation and cerebral
      blood flow.
AB  - The effect of a high dose of diflunisal (750 mg twice daily) on platelet
      aggregation and cerebral blood flow was investigated in 8 healthy volunteers.
      Diflunisal inhibited platelet aggregation consistently; this effect on platelets
      was reversed within 24 hours after the last dose of diflunisal. There was,
      however, no correlation between the anti-aggregatory effect of diflunisal and its
      plasma concentration. Diflunisal did not alter cerebral blood flow.

PMID- 4059303
TI  - Stressor invoked exacerbation of amphetamine-elicited perseveration.
AB  - The provocation of stimulus preservation induced by amphetamine in a Y-maze was
      appreciably enhanced in animals that had been exposed to uncontrollable shock,
      whereas controllable shock did not influence performance. The enhancement of the
      stimulus perseveration was evident irrespective of whether the stressor was
      applied immediately or 72 hr prior to the perseveration test, provided that the
      stimulus complex in which shock was delivered was similar to that in which the
      perseveration test was conducted. When the two environments were distinctively
      different from one another the enhancement of stimulus perseveration was evident
      immediately after shock exposure, but not 72 hr after shock. It is suggested that
      stressors may have long-term effects of amphetamine-elicited perseveration, but
      the expression of such an effect is dependent upon the stimulus context in which
      the behavior is examined. Moreover, it is suggested that evaluation of
      amphetamine-induced behavioral changes, and possibly amphetamine-elicited and
      idiopathic psychosis, should consider the stress history of the organism.

PMID- 4059304
TI  - Changes in drug sensitivity following acute and chronic exercise.
AB  - A number of factors are known to influence drug sensitivity. These include
      biological variables such as genetics, age, endocrine status and gender, as well
      as environmental variables such as operant schedules, ambient temperature and
      sleep deprivation. Additional factors function as either biological or
      environmental variables in different situations. For example, chronic drug
      administration can produce tolerance and cross tolerance and function as a
      biological variable. Acute administration of the same compound can function as an
      environmental variable. The present study examined exercise as both a biological
      and an environmental variable influencing drug sensitivity. Chronic exercise
      leads to relatively long term changes in physical fitness level, and functions as
      a biological variable. Fitness level did not influence drug sensitivity when
      physically conditioned animals and non-exercised control subjects were compared
      under rested conditions. Mild acute exercise, an environmental variable,
      increased sensitivity to muscarinic antagonists in the control subjects but not
      in the exercise trained animals. These results indicate that exercise state
      should be considered as an environmental variable capable of influencing drug
      response and that biological fitness level modifies this effect.

PMID- 4059305
TI  - Chronic administration of sulbutiamine improves long term memory formation in
      mice: possible cholinergic mediation.
AB  - Thiamine deficiency in both man and animals is known to produce memory
      dysfunction and cognitive disorders which have been related to an impairment of
      cholinergic activity. The present experiment was aimed at testing whether,
      inversely, chronic administration of large doses of sulbutiamine would have a
      facilitative effect on memory and would induce changes in central cholinergic
      activity. Accordingly mice received 300 mg/kg of sulbutiamine daily for 10 days.
      They were then submitted to an appetitive operant level press conditioning test.
      When compared to control subjects, sulbutiamine treated mice learned the task at
      the same rate in a single session but showed greatly improved performance when
      tested 24 hr after partial acquisition of the same task. Parallel neurochemical
      investigations showed that the treatment induced a slight (+ 10%) but significant
      increase in hippocampal sodium-dependent high affinity choline uptake. The
      present findings and previous results suggest that sulbutiamine improves memory
      formation and that this behavioral effect could be mediated by an increase in
      hippocampal cholinergic activity.

PMID- 4059306
TI  - Differential effect of naloxone on food and self-stimulation rewarded acquisition
      of a behavioral response pattern.
AB  - The involvement of endogenous opioids in self-stimulation reward was investigated
      by repeated administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone to rats during
      acquisition of a behavioral response pattern that was rewarded with electrical
      (self-)stimulation of the ventral tegmental area. A control experiment was
      performed using food deprived rats in which a comparable response pattern was
      rewarded with food pellets. The response patterns consisted of gradually
      decreasing amounts of reward per response, which could be reset to maximal reward
      by another response. It was found that naloxone disrupted the acquisition of the
      stimulation rewarded response pattern, while it did not influence the food
      rewarded behavior. It is suggested that endorphin systems are actively involved
      in the acquisition of self-stimulation reward procedures, and that this
      involvement may be specific for self-stimulation reward.

PMID- 4059307
TI  - Asymmetric behavior induced by enkephalinergic agents in the basal ganglia.
AB  - The caudate-putamen (CDp) and the globus pallidus (GP) are sites rich in both
      leucine (LEU) and methionine-enkephalin (MET-ENK) and in ENK receptors. Since
      chemical and electrolytic lesions of the CDp and GP result in a reduction in ENKs
      and their receptors and in motor asymmetry, there may be a role for CDp and GP
      ENKs in rotational behavior and bodily asymmetry. To test this possibility,
      various doses of D-ALA-2-LEU-ENK, D-ALA-2-MET-ENK, naloxone and naltrexone were
      injected into the CDp and GP through chronically implanted cannulae. The
      injections of MET and LEU-ENK caused dose-dependent ipsiversive rotations while
      injections of naloxone and naltrexone caused contraversive rotations. All of the
      drug injections also caused bodily asymmetries which were in the same direction
      as the circling. Intraperitoneal injections of naloxone dose-dependently blocked
      the rotational behavior induced by the most effective dose of the ENKs used. ENK
      injections into sites adjacent to the CDp and GP (i.e., cortex, nucleus accumbens
      and the region bordering the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the bed
      nucleus of anterior commissure) failed to produce any significant circling. These
      results clearly suggest that CDp and GP ENKs cause ipsiversive rotational
      behavior and bodily asymmetry and must be considered as one element of the
      control exerted by the basal ganglia over the motor system.

PMID- 4059308
TI  - Chronic ethanol intake modifies estrous cyclicity and alters prolactin and LH
      levels.
AB  - The effect on the estrous cycle, as well as prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH)
      and alcohol levels, were studied in female rats during chronic alcohol intake.
      Rats were fed the following diets for 5 weeks: a liquid ethanol diet (5% ethanol,
      w/v), an isocaloric liquid diet (pair-fed) or laboratory rat-chow and water ad
      lib. Ethanol-fed rats showed an irregular estrous cycle with a significant
      decrease in the frequency of the estrus + proestrus phases, and an increase in
      the duration of the diestrus + metaestrus phases, when compared with both the
      pair-fed and rat-chow groups. In these alcoholic rats, the estrous cycle phase
      was correlated with blood alcohol levels, which were found to be lower in the
      estrus + proestrus than in the other phases of the cycle. At the same time plasma
      prolactin levels were higher and plasma LH levels lower in the alcoholic rats
      than in either control group. These data indicate that chronic ethanol
      consumption prolongs the diestrus phase together with altered plasma prolactin
      and LH levels in female rats.

PMID- 4059309
TI  - Effects of subchronic administration of soman on acquisition of avoidance-escape
      behavior by laboratory rats.
AB  - Holtzman male Sprague-Dawley rats were given four injections of saline or soman
      at 31 micrograms/kg or 46 micrograms/kg. The injections were given every 3 days
      during a 2-week period. Tail vein blood samples, drawn 24 hr before the first
      injection and 24 hr after the last injection, were analyzed for
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition. For the low and high soman groups, whole
      blood AChE was inhibited 20 and 24%, respectively, while plasma AChE was
      inhibited 17 and 25%, respectively. Parallel saline injections produced a small
      inhibition of whole blood AChE and an increase in activity (negative inhibition)
      of plasma AChE. During the second week of soman administration rats began
      training on a discriminated shock avoidance task. The seven animals administered
      46 micrograms/kg soman did not learn the lever-pressing avoidance response during
      a period of 120 days. Five of eight saline rats and four of seven 31
      micrograms/kg soman rats learned the avoidance response. There was no significant
      difference between learners relative to rate of learning of the avoidance task.
      All of the rats learned to escape the shocks. These data indicate that subchronic
      soman inhibits learning of new behaviors by laboratory rats.

PMID- 4059310
TI  - The effects of clozapine on shuttle-box avoidance responding in rats: comparisons
      with haloperidol and chlordiazepoxide.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that clozapine produces effects different from those
      of other antipsychotic drugs on positively reinforced responding but may give
      rise to similar disruptions of avoidance behavior. To investigate the actions of
      clozapine on avoidance responding in more detail the effects of this drug were
      compared with those of haloperidol and chlordiazepoxide in rats trained to avoid
      shock in a shuttle-box. Acute administration of all three drugs reduced avoidance
      responses and increased escape failures although clozapine produced this latter
      effect only at a high dose. With repeated administration of each drug over 4 days
      tolerance developed rapidly to the effect of clozapine, the effect of haloperidol
      increased and there was no systematic change in the action of chlordiazepoxide.
      Disrupted avoidance responding after acute administration of clozapine does not
      reflect the clinical antipsychotic action of this drug.

PMID- 4059311
TI  - Food-related stimuli increase the ratio of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid to
      dopamine in the hypothalamus.
AB  - Rats were restricted for three weeks to a schedule of 4-hr daily access to food.
      The regional concentrations of dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
      (DOPAC) in the forebrain were then determined after the rats: (1) were food
      deprived overnight; (2) ate for the first hour of the scheduled feeding period;
      or (3) remained in their cages without receiving food but while other rats fed. A
      group of controls had food available continuously. The DOPAC/DA ratio, a
      metabolic index of DA activity, increased in the hypothalamus of rats that fed
      and in the rats exposed to food-related stimuli without eating. This ratio did
      not change in the striatum, olfactory tubercle, amygdala-pyriform lobe or nucleus
      accumbens. Furthermore, this index did not differ from controls in any region of
      the forebrain in deprived rats that were not exposed to stimuli signalling the
      availability of food. Together, these data suggest that environmental stimuli
      associated with feeding after deprivation, and not the act of feeding, increased
      dopaminergic activity in the hypothalamus.

PMID- 4059312
TI  - Sociosexual behaviors of female rats during and after chronic treatment with the
      sympatholytic agent guanethidine.
AB  - Ovariectomized female rats were chronically administered saline or guanethidine
      sulfate, a drug that blocks adrenergic neurons and, when chronically
      administered, results in peripheral sympathectomy. The females were periodically
      injected with estradiol benzoate and progesterone and tested for sexual behaviors
      before, during and after the six-week period of daily guanethidine or saline
      injections. Tests for copulatory behavior included tests for lordotic
      responsiveness to manual stimulation and tests of sociosexual behaviors displayed
      by the females in a complex testing environment. The complex environment
      permitted the test females to control their coital contacts with sexually active
      males and their interactions with sexually inactive males and ovariectomized
      female rats. Guanethidine treatment did not alter lordotic responsiveness to
      manual stimulation but did reduce the frequency of copulatory acts engaged in by
      the females in the complex environment. During the first test in the complex
      environment following the start of drug injections, the guanethidine-treated
      females, in comparison to saline-treated females, displayed a lower frequency of
      lordotic behavior during coital contacts. The changes in behavior produced by the
      sympathetic drug, guanethidine, implicate the autonomic nervous system in the
      regulation of copulatory pacing in the female rat.

PMID- 4059313
TI  - A single gene difference determines relative susceptibility to caffeine-induced
      lethality in SWR and CBA inbred mice.
AB  - Inbred mouse strains SWR and CBA differ markedly in their relatively
      susceptibility to the acute toxic effects of intraperitoneally administered
      caffeine. At a dose of 187 mg/kg, SWR mice survive a stress-potentiated lethality
      test apparently related to the generation of tonic seizures; in contrast, CBA
      mice usually die in less than 30 seconds after this dose. Progeny from several
      different genetic crosses were characterized to determine the genetic basis
      underlying this phenotypic difference in caffeine sensitivity. F1 progeny from
      reciprocal crosses of the parental strains were uniformly sensitive to caffeine
      induced lethality, i.e., caffeine responsiveness behaves like an autosomal
      dominant trait. Self-crossing of F1 individuals produced both progeny which were
      resistant to caffeine-induced lethality (26% of the total) and those which were
      susceptible (74%). Backcrosses of the F1 animals to the CBA parent produced no
      (0/19) resistant progeny. In contrast, backcrosses of F1 animals to SWR produced
      54% resistant progeny. These data indicate that the difference in susceptibility
      to caffeine-induced lethality between these strains is determined by a single
      pair of autosomal alleles in which susceptibility (responsiveness) to this
      methylxanthine is dominant to resistance (nonresponsiveness).

PMID- 4059314
TI  - Sensory blockade of smoking satisfaction.
AB  - Cigarette smokers were presented with controlled doses of cigarette smoke to
      determine whether the resulting reduction in cigarette craving depended upon
      perceiving the sensory qualities of the smoke. Cigarette craving was assessed
      before and after inhaling controlled doses of smoke in two conditions: (1) Local
      anesthesia of the upper and lower respiratory airways, induced by mouth rinsing,
      gargling and inhalation of a mist containing the topical anesthetic lidocaine;
      and (2) no-anesthesia control, in which all solutions were saline. A sham smoking
      procedure was presented in both conditions. Craving and ad lib smoking behavior
      were also assessed 30 minutes after controlled smoking. The results indicated
      that smoke, as opposed to sham puffs, significantly reduced reports of cigarette
      craving, and local anesthesia significantly blocked this immediate reduction in
      craving produced by smoke inhalation. Puffs were also rated as less desirable in
      the anesthesia condition. Thirty minutes after smoking, craving was no different
      in the anesthesia and saline control conditions. However, craving as well as
      smoking intake in both conditions was less when smoke had been given previously
      than in the sham smoking control. These results suggest that sensory cues
      accompanying inhalation of cigarette smoke are important determinants of
      immediate smoking satisfaction. However, the sustained effects of smoke intake on
      subsequent smoking behavior (30 min later) may be mediated by processes other
      than sensory stimulation of the respiratory tract, such as plasma nicotine
      levels.

PMID- 4059315
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of morphine in striatum and nucleus accumbens: relationship to
      pharmacological actions.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of morphine was compared with its ability to increase
      striatal dopamine turnover (estimated by an increase in DOPAC concentration) and
      to produce the development of a muscular rigidity (estimated as a tonic activity
      in the electromyogram). After systemic administration of morphine (15 mg/kg IP),
      the concentration of morphine in blood plasma, striatum and substantia nigra
      showed a parallel time course with a maximum after 30 min; in the striatum, in
      addition, normorphine was found in a lower concentration, but with a similar time
      course. The elevation of striatal DOPAC, in contrast, commenced very rapidly and
      lasted for about four hours. The rigidity appeared later and disappeared earlier
      than the striatal DOPAC elevation. After unilateral intrastriatal injection of
      morphine (15 micrograms), a small amount of the drug penetrated very rapidly to
      distant sites, such as the contralateral striatum and nucleus accumbens, as well
      as to the ipsilateral nucleus accumbens. The results suggest that the
      relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of morphine, both
      after systemic and after local injection into the brain, is more complex than
      could be expected from previous findings.

PMID- 4059316
TI  - Temperature dependence of ethanol depression: linear models in male and female
      mice.
AB  - The relationship between body temperature and ethanol sensitivity was studied in
      male and female mice. Age-matched drug-naive mice of both sexes were injected
      with 3.6 g/kg ethanol (20% w/v) and placed into a chamber kept at one of 8
      designated temperatures from 13 to 36 degrees C. In both sexes, wake-up rectal
      temperatures were significantly, positively correlated with chamber temperatures
      and sleep-times and were significantly, negatively correlated with wake-up brain
      and blood ethanol concentrations. Linear regression analyses indicated that wake
      up temperature accounted for up to 71% of the variability in sleep-times and wake
      up ethanol concentrations in these mice. Similar relationships were found when
      the change in body temperature from baseline (delta T) was substituted for wake
      up rectal temperature. Adding body weights and baseline temperatures did not
      improve the predictive ability of linear models based on wake-up rectal
      temperature alone. The results support the contention that body temperature
      represents an important determinant of ethanol sensitivity in both sexes. These
      findings provide additional evidence that ethanol sensitivity varies with body
      temperature in accordance with membrane perturbation theories of anesthesia.

PMID- 4059317
TI  - A test battery for measuring nicotine effects in mice.
AB  - A test battery consisting of measurement of respiration, startle response, Y-maze
      activity, heart rate, and body temperature has been developed to assess the
      effects of nicotine on the mouse. Results obtained using the test battery were
      compared to those obtained with each test individually in four inbred strains of
      mouse (BALB, C57BL, DBA and C3H). No significant differences between the results
      obtained using the test battery and those obtained with individual tests were
      found. The results did demonstrate, however, that the genotype of the mouse
      strongly influenced the responses in several of the tests.

PMID- 4059318
TI  - Evidence for a different metabolic behaviour of cytidine diphosphate choline
      after oral and intravenous administration to rats.
AB  - Radioactivity plasma decay was studied in rats after intravenous and oral
      administration of cytidine diphosphate [methyl-14C]choline at doses of 25 and 300
      mg/kg. The kinetics fitted well with a two compartment open model and showed a
      long lasting elimination phase with a half-life ranging from 2.0 to 2.6 days for
      the two doses and the two administration routes. Absorption of cytidine
      diphosphate choline radioactivity was complete after oral treatment with the low
      dose and accounted for 94.5% of the dose when 300 mg/kg of cytidine diphosphate
      [methyl-14C]choline were administered. However the distribution of radioactivity
      in tissues, urine and expired air suggest metabolic differences, at least from a
      quantitative point of view, between the oral and intravenous treatments. In
      particular, the higher excretion of radioactivity associated with trimethylamine
      in urine found when cytidine diphosphate [methyl-14C]choline was given orally,
      suggest that the compound may be metabolized, at least in part, previous to its
      gastrointestinal absorption.

PMID- 4059320
TI  - Acute tolerance to clonidine hypotension and bradycardia in normotensive and
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - Tolerance to the antihypertensive effect of clonidine has been observed in humans
      but there are few studies showing either acute or chronic tolerance to clonidine
      hypotension in experimental animals. We determined whether tachyphylaxis to acute
      clonidine hypotension could be demonstrated in normotensive Sprague Dawley rats
      by i.v. injections of 2 repetitive clonidine doses of either 1.5, 3.0, 5.0, or
      10.0 micrograms/kg, or in SHR rats by repeated intracerebroventricular injections
      of 1.5 or 3.0 micrograms/kg, while monitoring arterial blood pressure. Second
      doses of clonidine were given 30 minutes after recovery of arterial pressure from
      the first dose. At 3.0 micrograms/kg and greater, the hypotension produced by the
      second dose was at least 50% less than that elicited by the first dose. By
      contrast, no acute tachyphylaxis was observed to the decrease in tension caused
      by clonidine in the transmurally stimulated isolated guinea pig ileum after 2
      repeated exposures to clonidine, with intervening wash, at concentrations between
      5 X 10(-10) M to 5 X 10(-8) M. Also, no tachyphylaxis occurred to the initial
      hypertensive phase of clonidine in Sprague Dawley rats.

PMID- 4059319
TI  - Effect of subchronic cholestasis on microsomal mixed-function oxidases and the
      glutathione-conjugating enzyme system in rat liver.
AB  - Bile duct ligation in male rats for two weeks led to a marked increase in both
      serum sorbitol dehydrogenase activity and serum bile acid concentration
      indicating cholestatic liver injury. Furthermore, a rise in the hepatic
      hydroxyproline level indicating collagen accumulation was observed. As a
      consequence of these alterations, the hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase
      system was impaired as evidenced by a decrease in cytochrome P-450 content and in
      the activities of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and aminopyrine-demethylase. While
      the hepatic glutathione content remained unaffected, the cytosolic GSH S
      transferase activity was clearly suppressed due to subchronic cholestasis.

PMID- 4059321
TI  - Effect of polyamines on perfused rat heart contractility.
AB  - The influence of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) on heart
      contractility was studied using perfused rat ventricle strips (2 X 10 mm),
      electrically driven at 1 Hz. Putrescine (100 microM) caused a negative inotropic
      effect gradually increasing in intensity, whereas spermidine and spermine (10 and
      100 microM) caused a sharp, positive inotropic effect, followed by a rapid and
      more marked fall. The possibility that these effects of polyamines on heart
      contractility may be due to their role in Ca++ fluxes and mobilization, and in
      membrane functions, is discussed.

PMID- 4059322
TI  - Chlorothiazide absorption in humans--possible example of Michaelis-Menten
      kinetics.
AB  - Chlorothiazide absorption was studied in five healthy adult males at 1,000, 750,
      500 and 250-mg dose levels. The 24-hour-absorbed fraction fell from a mean value
      of 20.15% of the orally administered dose at the 250-mg level to 8.38% at 1,000
      mg. Analysis of data at the four dosage levels for each subject is suggestive of
      the fact that chlorothiazide absorption is possibly an example of Michaelis
      Menten kinetics. Possible factors responsible for the saturable absorption are
      discussed.

PMID- 4059323
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of ranitidine after intravenous administration in hemodialysis
      patients.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of ranitidine and its removal by hemodialysis were
      determined in 9 patients with chronic renal failure requiring hemodialysis.
      Ranitidine (50 mg) was administered as an intravenous bolus at the beginning of
      the dialysis procedure, which lasted for 4 h. The elimination half-life, plasma
      clearance and volume of distribution (VD area) of ranitidine in these patients
      were 9.0 +/- 2.6 h (mean +/- SD), 305 +/- 152 ml/min and 3.5 +/- 1.9 liters/kg,
      respectively. About 8% of the administered dose was removed during a single
      dialysis procedure. The elimination of ranitidine is appreciably reduced in these
      patients. These results suggest that the dose of ranitidine should be adjusted in
      patients with severe renal failure who are undergoing hemodialysis, and a
      suitable schedule for dosing such patients is suggested.

PMID- 4059324
TI  - Modulation of rat hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase by various flavones and
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
AB  - The microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase is
      important in the detoxification of polycyclic hydrocarbons as well as their
      activation to cytotoxic or carcinogenic derivatives. We have studied compounds
      that can modify the activity of this enzyme system. Three types of flavones are
      distinguished on the basis of their effect on the constitutive and polycyclic
      hydrocarbon-induced rat hepatic enzyme activity: (a) the 5,6- and 7,8
      benzoflavones and their more hydrophobic derivatives inhibit the induced enzyme
      and increase or do not affect the constitutive enzyme activity; (b) derivatives
      typified by the 4'-hydroxylated benzoflavones similarly decrease both induced and
      constitutive activities; (c) polyhydroxyflavones inhibit the constitutive enzyme
      more than the induced enzyme. Two polycyclic hydrocarbons, 9-chloro-7H
      dibenzo(a,g)carbazole and 6-aminochrysene, both potent inhibitors of the enzyme
      system, affect the constitutive and induced enzyme similar to compounds in groups
      a and b, respectively. The various activity-modulating compounds are useful
      reagents for distinguishing closely related enzymes present in a variety of
      different tissues and species under different conditions.

PMID- 4059325
TI  - Flavone modulators of rat hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase.
AB  - The cytochrome P-450-dependent aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) metabolizes a
      wide variety of endogenous and exogenous compounds to nontoxic metabolites and/or
      toxic products. We have utilized a series of 18 flavone modulators of AHH to
      distinguish and probe for different cytochrome P-450 isozymes in liver microsomes
      from control and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC)-injected rats. some flavones
      (maackiain acetate, flavanone, mollisacacidin, embinin, sciadopitysin) activated,
      while most of the tested compounds inhibited the MC-induced type of AHH. Although
      all flavones either inhibited or had little effect on the constitutive AHH in
      microsomes from control rats, the degree of inhibition varied greatly: some
      flavones (chrysin, chrysoeriol, baicalein, maackiain acetate, isoliquiritigenin,
      sciadopitysin) inhibited over 75% of the AHH. The various flavones we screened
      may prove useful in defining the cytochrome P-450 content of tissues and for
      probing the active sites of individual isozymes. The modulatory effects of the
      naturally occurring flavones assume additional importance in that they may be
      factors in animal and human responsiveness to cytochrome P-450 substrates.

PMID- 4059326
TI  - Effect of NCO-700, an inhibitor of protease, on myocardial pH decreased by
      coronary occlusion in dogs.
AB  - During myocardial ischemia in dogs effects of NCO-700, a protease inhibitor on
      myocardial pH, were investigated. Ischemia was produced for 90 min by partial
      occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Myocardial pH
      was measured by a micro glass pH electrode inserted in the subendocardium of the
      LAD area. Before partial occlusion, myocardial pH was 7.50-7.67. It decreased by
      0.65 to 0.86 pH units after partial occlusion. NCO-700 was injected intravenously
      after 30 min partial occlusion. At a dose of 5 or 20 mg/kg NCO-700 increased
      myocardial pH, which had been decreased by LAD partial occlusion, by 0.26 or 0.31
      pH units, respectively. In the nonischemic myocardium pH increased only 0.03
      units. Drug-induced restoration of myocardial [H+] was then calculated. At a dose
      of 5 or 20 mg/kg NCO-700 restored myocardial [H+], which had been increased by
      partial occlusion. However, NCO-700 did not attenuate the ischemia-induced
      elevation of ST segment of the surface electrocardiogram. These observations
      demonstrate that NCO-700 attenuates myocardial pH depressed by partial occlusion
      of LAD.

PMID- 4059327
TI  - Brevetoxin-B of Gymnodinium breve toxin-induced contractions of smooth muscles
      due to the transmitter release from nerves.
AB  - Brevetoxin-B (BTX-B), a Gymnodinium breve toxin, isolated from the
      dinoflagellate, produced contraction of guinea pig ileum and rabbit aorta.
      Atropine (10(-6) M) and phentolamine (10(-6) M) abolished the BTX-B (10(-7) or
      10(-6)-induced contraction of the ileum or aorta, respectively. Tetrodotoxin and
      saxitoxin (both 5 x 10(-7) M) also abolished the responses to BTX-B in the both
      tissues. Results suggest that BTX-B produces smooth muscle contractions through
      the tetrodotoxin- and saxitoxin-sensitive release of transmitters from autonomic
      nerves.

PMID- 4059328
TI  - Thermal afferents in the control of body temperature.

PMID- 4059329
TI  - Sources of goniometric error at the elbow.
AB  - We assessed accuracy and potential sources of error in goniometry by using a
      photographic reference standard. Forty-six physical therapy students measured
      elbow positions using plastic or steel goniometers following three protocols:
      ALIGN, in which the investigator's elbow was splinted and bony landmarks were
      prelabeled; ASSIGN, in which the elbow remained splinted but labels were removed;
      and PROM, in which raters measured full passive flexion of the elbow. F ratios of
      variances indicated that alignment of goniometer, identification of landmarks,
      and variations in manual force during PROM contributed to goniometric error and
      that accuracy of joint angle measurement by photography (s +/- 0.7-1.1 degrees)
      was greater than by standard goniometry (s +/- 2.4-3.4 degrees). Analysis of
      variance and post-hoc test results unexpectedly indicated that all but one
      goniometric mean differed statistically (p less than .05) from associated
      photographic means. Small systematic errors in alignment of goniometers and
      identification of reference landmarks may have accounted for these differences.
      The results indicate that relatively inexperienced raters should be able to use
      goniometers accurately to measure elbow position when given standardized methods
      to follow.

PMID- 4059330
TI  - Passive ankle dorsiflexion increases in patients after a regimen of tilt table
      wedge board standing. A clinical report.
AB  - We monitored the result of a tilt table-wedge board routine on the passive ankle
      dorsiflexion of 20 patients consecutively to determine the effectiveness of the
      treatment. The calculated frequency of the treatment, which was applied for 30
      minutes on each of 5 to 22 treatment days, ranged from 2.3 to 6.4 treatments a
      week. All patients demonstrated increased passive ankle dorsiflexion. The
      increases ranged from 3 to 17 degrees and occurred at a calculated rate of 0.11
      to 1.0 degrees a day. We believe the treatment is an effective clinical method
      for increasing passive ankle dorsiflexion in neurologically involved patients.

PMID- 4059331
TI  - Clinical use and fabrication of molded thermoplastic foot orthotic devices.
      Suggestion from the field.
AB  - The semirigid or rigid molded thermoplastic foot orthosis can be used as
      treatment for a variety of foot and lower extremity disorders. The foot orthosis
      functions to decrease biomechanical dysfunction or to change plantar contact
      points on the foot. Clinicians providing foot orthotic device therapy can best
      meet the therapeutic needs of their patients by fabricating orthotic devices from
      a variety of materials according to the nature of each case.

PMID- 4059333
TI  - The 1985 Presidential address.

PMID- 4059332
TI  - Whistleblowing in physical therapy.
AB  - Because of their central role in rehabilitation medicine, physical therapists
      often are cognizant of possible wrongdoing that persists in their facilities.
      Often, they may be perplexed whether or how to effect a remedy. This article
      presents issues for physical therapists to consider in identifying and alleging
      instances of misconduct within organizational settings. Specific suggestions are
      provided for approaches to remediating wrongful and dangerous situations when
      customary organizational channels are ineffectual. This article also examines the
      various kinds of organizational hostilities that may be inflicted on employees
      who publicly speak out against wrongdoing and the type of legal protection
      afforded to whistleblowers.

PMID- 4059334
TI  - Comparing two sample means t tests.
AB  - The t test is used to test for differences in means or to test a criterion
      measure between two groups of scores. Whether an investigator designs a study
      where the subjects' scores from one group are independent of the scores in the
      other group (independent t test), the basic assumptions of the test are
      identical. Hence, the subjects' scores from each group are assumed to be normally
      distributed and the variance of the two groups of scores are assumed to be
      homogeneous. The basic differences between the independent t test and the
      correlated t test are in calculating the t statistic and the df and in the method
      in which subjects are assigned to each group. If an investigator uses the same
      subjects in each group, then the correlated t test must be used. If subjects are
      matched or paired by some related variable, such as age, height, or weight, then
      the correlated t test should be used. In all other cases, the independent t test
      would be appropriate.

PMID- 4059335
TI  - [Contact allergy reactions in 100 selected patients with a leg ulcer].
AB  - The authors tested a large number of products on 100 patients with leg ulcers,
      that is, products used during the treatment of these ulcers. They studied the
      allergic reactions encountered and discuss in detail the precautions which should
      be taken.

PMID- 4059336
TI  - [Incidents and accidents due to sclerotherapy. Prevention of pigmentation].
AB  - Even though sclerotherapy is a method which, in careful and experienced hands, is
      entirely harmless, the assault on the venous endothelium can, nevertheless,
      precipitate incidents and accidents, which the authors enumerate briefly in order
      to pinpoint that of pigmentation. The authors consider that, although this is not
      certain, venous stasis is responsible for this, venous stasis causing
      erythrodiapedesis followed by the formation of haemosiderin and the increased
      activity of the dermic melanocytes, a process which is exacerbated by subjacent
      inflammation. An axon reflex releasing P substance (Van Euler and Gaddum)
      modulating the chemical influx on the endothelial receptors in the
      microcirculation. Prevention will be achieved by combatting the venous
      hypertension and stasis, and the formation of heamosiderin, melanoids, and the
      inflammatory process.

PMID- 4059337
TI  - [Allergic phenomena in the treatment of leg ulcer].
AB  - First mentioning the immunological processes of contact dermatoses, the authors
      study the six contact allergies encountered most frequently by them during the
      course of 133 cases of leg ulcers which they treated. They consider in detail the
      allergenic action of the following six substances: lanolin, neomycin, balsam of
      Peru, paraben, phenylenediamine and benzocaine. They pioneer therapies intended
      to prevent the risk of sensitization.

PMID- 4059338
TI  - [Non-allergenic treatment of varicose ulcers].
AB  - The fundamental element in the treatment of a varicose ulcer is the elimination
      of venous stasis. However, a local treatment is called for in the acute stage of
      the ulcer. This leads to the healing over of the ulcer or, at least, to its
      transformation into a granular and clean wound which can then be given radical
      treatment--either the surgery or the sclerotherapy of the varices. In most cases
      the treatment is ambulatory and consists of the application of a dry gauze
      compress covered with a foam rubber pad and an adhesive elastocompressive
      bandage. In certain cases the ulcerous crust is removed with chloramine. Less
      often, in the case of an old ulcer, with allergised and inflamed periulcerous
      tissues, the patient is hospitalized for a period of about 2 to 8 days before
      undergoing the ambulatory elastocompressive treatment. The simple treatments
      ensure the rapid healing of the ulcer, as long as it is really of venous origin.

PMID- 4059339
TI  - [True aneurysm of the popliteal vein].

PMID- 4059340
TI  - [An ulcer on a varicose leg is not necessarily a varicose ulcer].

PMID- 4059341
TI  - [Pneumatic management of the circulation].
AB  - The author suggests a way of activating deficient arterial circulation, by means
      of a pneumatic method whose aim is to aspirate and then force the blood back into
      a limb by a system of external depressions and compressions, synchronized from
      the systole to the diastole. This pneumatic management of the circulation is
      called for in patients with obliterating arteritis, or patients who have
      undergone vascular surgery. With the desirable precautions, such a technique
      means that hypovascularized lower limbs can be saved, and so amputation can be
      avoided.

PMID- 4059342
TI  - [A case of dysfibrinogenemia complicated by hemorrhage and thrombosis].
AB  - There are, as well as the more common coagulopathies such as deficiency in
      antithrombin III or Protein C, certain rare disorders complicated simultaneously
      by haemorrhage and thrombosis--such as dysfibrinogenemia--which can present very
      special therapeutic problems.

PMID- 4059344
TI  - [Thrombopenia-thrombosis induced by heparin].

PMID- 4059343
TI  - [Constitutional deficiency in antithrombin III].

PMID- 4059346
TI  - [Microcirculation and hyperkeratosis. Pathogenetic hypothesis and treatment].
AB  - The orthokeratotic thickening of the epidermis would appear to follow the
      deceleration or permanent interruptions of the cutaneous microcirculation. This
      explains the development of calluses, corns and warts in areas where the skin is
      compressed between bone and a hard external support. Peripheral vasometric
      anomalies give rise to the same thing. Pentoxifylline, restoring the capillary
      microcirculation, has a clearly curative effect.

PMID- 4059345
TI  - [Significance of preoperative varicography in surgery of essential varices].

PMID- 4059347
TI  - [Anatomy of the external saphenous vein].
AB  - The external saphenous vein forms part of the superficial venous network situated
      on the posterior surface of the calf. Its pathway is often variable, its
      conventional termination at the external saphenous arch often lacking, and its
      treatment by sclerosis or resection of the arch must therefore be approached
      cautiously. The external saphenous vein possesses numerous anastomoses and
      collateral pathways with the superficial and deep venous networks: lack of
      knowledge of their existence is responsible for failure of treatment or relapses
      after therapy. Arterial and venous relations are also important in order to avoid
      arterial injection of sclerosing products and paresthesia after long stripping of
      this vein. Effective knowledge of the anatomical variations of the external
      saphenous vein determines the good indications and good results of medical or
      surgical treatment of this vein.

PMID- 4059348
TI  - [Ulcers in the area of the external saphenous vein].
AB  - The varicose or incompetent short saphenous vein is solely responsible for the
      ulcers with typical localizations. These ulcers, which are especially painful and
      less frequent than those caused by the long saphenous vein alone, or by the joint
      role of both saphenae, are easily cured, like any varicose ulcer, by direct
      action taken on the vein responsible. The author's conclusions are based on a
      study of 634 cases of venous ulcers.

PMID- 4059349
TI  - [Surgery of the external saphenous vein].
AB  - The role played by the short saphenous vein in varicose disorders is more
      significant than is commonly believed: about 30% in our experience of surgery.
      Its termination is much more variable than that of the long saphenous vein. Its
      precise location must be ascertained by means of detailed clinical examination.
      In certain cases (relapses, for instance), phlebography and echography give
      indispensable details which mean that radical surgery of the short saphena can be
      carried out.

PMID- 4059350
TI  - [The connective tissue component and its connections with the terminal
      circulatory unit in macrophlebopathies].
AB  - We forget too often that the primitive mesenchyme cells are at the origin of
      healthy microvessels, lymphatic canaliculi and the conjunctival interstitium. In
      our different disciplines we tend to study in isolation the terminal circulatory
      unit, the lymphatic system, and the conjunctival tissues. Why not refer from the
      outset to histangiopathy in clinical situations as common as varicose illness,
      certain post-thrombotic syndromes and, in its classic form, to histangiopathy of
      stasis? In varicose illness, the conjunctival component of the vein wall is
      quantitatively differentiated from the normal wall; it is responsible for
      histochemical anomalies, and the inhomogeneities encountered are determined by
      the variable conditions of mechanomorphosis. There are also those very specific
      immunological reactions which some people have made so bold as to deny and
      changes in the ultrastructure, especially lysosomal changes which are not
      necessarily irreversible. Since 1965, amongst the post-thrombotic syndromes,
      Mario Degni has, with the aid of anatomopathological sections, isolated a very
      specific situation following parietal inflammatory lesions not the affection of
      the wall and valvules; the treatment of this is especially singular because the
      conjunctiva play a major part here and "parietal lymphostasis" is absent. There
      are many microvasculoconjunctival connections in the histo-angiopathy of stasis
      which are to be met in macrophlebopathies; they are responsible for the various
      clinical, capillaroscopic and histological pictures. The part played by the
      derivative channels, the tissular canals and the lymphatic canaliculi is
      important. The part played by the conjunctiva is even more important because of
      its retroactive information regulation. In pathological cases it is a degradation
      of plastic polymers.

PMID- 4059351
TI  - [Indications for various methods of containment].

PMID- 4059352
TI  - [Arteritis of the lower limbs after the age of 70. Various practical problems].
AB  - Arteritis in old age has certain features which make its treatment difficult. In
      this paper we underline the following points: the seriousness of amputation, not
      only from a functional point of view but also with regard to life itself; because
      of this, the justification for trying to save the limb whenever this is possible;
      the phenolization of the sympathetic nervous system may be indicated in an
      interesting way in these cases; the intermediate results of restorative arterial
      surgery show that good results can be achieved even when the patient is very old.
      So there are often real therapeutic possibilities for these patients.

PMID- 4059353
TI  - [Contribution of methods of exploration for the diagnosis and physiopathological
      interpretation of lymphatic insufficiency of whatever origin].
AB  - The diagnosis of lymphatic deficiency, essentially in clinic, sometimes
      necessitates complementary investigations to find out exactly the causes or type
      of the deficiency. All investigations of lymphatic function rely on the injection
      at a specific point of a substance which will follow the lymphatic ducts. Besides
      the injection of patent blue, with incomplete information, the value of direct
      lymphography in investigating a tumorous cause, and of indirect lymphography with
      less anatomical precision but allowing a kinetic study, should be emphasized.
      Oedema, always a sign of lymphatic involvement, can be investigated indirectly on
      the venous side by the usual known methods. Volumetric investigations ought
      perhaps to take into account the joint role of the vein and the lymph duct in the
      return to normal after venous occlusion. None of the known methods is absolutely
      perfect, but isotopic lymphography is, in our opinion, the most plausible correct
      method, still far from ideal but which can greatly help with the investigation of
      patients in emergency cases.

PMID- 4059354
TI  - [Effect of the Barbotan treatment on patients with vascular disorders associated
      with gonarthrosis].
AB  - Barbotan Spa has two types of thermal strata: the mesothermal waters (35-37
      degrees) and the vegeto-mineral mud. This double layer allows the treatment of
      patients with circulatory disorders combined with rheumatic affections. This
      study is based on 15 parameters of venous gonarthritic disorders in 20 patients.
      These parameters were measured in the two first and the two last days of the
      cure, notably by means of foot volumetry with venous occlusion. The publication
      describes the technique, the classification of patients, and the immediate
      results. The discussion enables the authors to draw up significant parameters and
      it confirms the results obtained by other authors, and tries to give a
      physiopathological explanation. This work concludes that mixed treatment is more
      than 75% effective; the authors insist on the need to resist contributory factors
      such as obesity and endocrinic disorders. The thermal cure should be the complete
      taking in hand of the patient.

PMID- 4059355
TI  - [Measurement of the effects of Barbotan-les-Thermes waters on the venous filling
      and drainage in patients with phlebitis and varicosities using plethysmography
      with a measuring gauge].
AB  - The effects of Barbotan waters have been tested using plethysmography with a
      mercury gauge, with venous occlusion in 73 patients taking the cure with venous
      pathology; 43 legs with phlebitic sequelae, 72 varicose legs. The principal
      parameters of filling and emptying were measured. Dynamic pictures made it
      possible to show the variation in these parameters. The publication demonstrates
      a remarkable normalization effect in the venous functions. In it we discuss
      classification by the plethysmographic means alone and the eventuality of the
      venous areas. We conclude by linking this normalising effect on the venous
      functions with the antispasmodic effect already discussed in an earlier work.

PMID- 4059356
TI  - Carotenoid dose level and protection against UV-B induced skin tumors.

PMID- 4059357
TI  - Failure of UVR dose reciprocity for skin tumorigenesis in hairless mice treated
      with 8-methoxypsoralen.

PMID- 4059358
TI  - Spectroscopic studies of cutaneous photosensitizing agents--VIII. A spin-trapping
      study of light induced free radicals from chlorpromazine and promazine.

PMID- 4059359
TI  - Incorporation of the spin trap DMPO into cultured fetal mouse liver cells.

PMID- 4059360
TI  - HPLC analysis of 4',5'-monoadduct formation in calf thymus DNA and synthetic
      polynucleotides treated with UVA and 8-methoxypsoralen.

PMID- 4059361
TI  - Photo-CIDNP in nucleic acid bases and their nucleotides induced by chlorpromazine
      and analogs.

PMID- 4059362
TI  - Tyrosyl fluorescence spectra of proteins lacking tryptophan: effects of
      intramolecular interactions.

PMID- 4059363
TI  - Tin-protoporphyrin: a potent photosensitizer of bilirubin destruction.

PMID- 4059364
TI  - Effects of 8-methoxypsoralen and near ultraviolet radiation on the survival of
      the lower eukaryote D. discoideum.

PMID- 4059365
TI  - Inhibition of DNA repair synthesis by sunlight.

PMID- 4059366
TI  - UVA exposure and pituitary secretion. Variations of human lipotropin
      concentrations (beta LPH) after UVA exposure.

PMID- 4059367
TI  - Dyes and dye mixtures useful for generation of UV in a flashlamp driven tunable
      dye laser.

PMID- 4059368
TI  - Measurement of cell lysis by light scattering.

PMID- 4059369
TI  - Radial maze in the water tank: an aversively motivated spatial working memory
      task.
AB  - An 8-arm radial maze with 40 X 40 X 12 cm channels was inserted into a circular
      tank (120 cm in diameter, 60 cm high) filled 30 cm deep with 25 degrees C opaque
      water. Rats (n = 13) had to escape from the central area of the maze (30 cm in
      diameter) onto an invisible bench (1 cm below water surface) at the far end of
      each channel. Twenty sec after each choice the bench was collapsed and the animal
      was forced to choose again until all 8 channels had been visited. From the very
      beginning rats performed better than chance. The acquisition and performance of
      this aversively motivated radial maze test is similar as in conventional elevated
      8-arm radial mazes.

PMID- 4059370
TI  - Brief separation elevates cortisol in mother and infant squirrel monkeys.
AB  - The pituitary-adrenal response of mother and infant squirrel monkeys was assessed
      under basal conditions and after 5, 10, or 20 min of separation followed by 30
      min of reunion. All separation conditions produced equal increments of cortisol
      (approximately 50%) in both mothers and infants. These increments were lower than
      would have occurred in the absence of reunion. These results extend previous
      reports that reunion ameliorates the psychoendocrine effects of separation and
      indicate that mother-infant attachment can be studied with shorter periods of
      separation than have been used customarily.

PMID- 4059371
TI  - Effects of acute food and/or water deprivation on muricide.
AB  - The present experiment was designed to test certain predictions derived from
      models of interactions between muricide and appetitive behaviors proposed earlier
      by Russell and Singer [8,9]. One of the major features of the models centered on
      whether the two types of behavior are inevitably related. The general design of
      the present experiment involved testing for muricide either (a) after deprivation
      of food and/or water or (b) at times during the normal diurnal cycle when the two
      consummatory responses were at their minima and maxima. Deprivation and testing
      for muricide were limited to a single episode in order to eliminate confounding
      effects of repeated deprivations and of repeated exposures to prey. Periods of
      acute deprivation ranging from 5.5 to 22.0 hr did not induce significant
      quantitative changes in muricidal behavior. However, muricide and the appetitive
      behaviors did co-vary under conditions associated with the normal diurnal cycle.
      Comparing the present results with findings from experiments using repeated
      deprivation leads to the suggestion that covariation of appetitive and muricidal
      behaviors is not an innate characteristic, but rather is acquired through
      processes of learning. Present results further suggest that each of the two types
      of behavior has its own physiological substrate which can be modified
      independently, but also may be activated concomitantly by a common set of
      antecedent conditions.

PMID- 4059372
TI  - Effect of impulse noise on water consumption and blood pressure in the female
      rat.
AB  - Our laboratory has previously measured significant elevations in plasma
      angiotensin II concentrations accompanying brief intense noise exposures in
      rodents. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the effects of noise
      induced elevations in water consumption and blood pressure in normotensive female
      rats. The durations of noise exposure simulated an industrial setting in which
      impulse noise is present. The results indicate significantly increased blood
      pressure and water consumption with two weeks of noise exposure compared to
      shorter exposure durations.

PMID- 4059373
TI  - Long-term sensory-specific satiety: evidence from an Ethiopian refugee camp.
AB  - The reduction in appetite which occurs during a meal is partly specific to the
      foods which have been eaten earlier in a meal. This has been called "sensory
      specific satiety." In the experiment described here, a long-term form of sensory
      specific satiety has been demonstrated. Refugees in an Ethiopian refugee camp
      reported that the taste of 3 foods which they had been eating for approximately 6
      months was less pleasant than that of 3 new foods, whereas refugees who had been
      eating the regular diet for only two days found its taste as pleasant as that of
      the different foods. This long-term sensory-specific satiety may have nutritional
      implications when only a limited variety of food is available, as may occur in
      refugee camps. It will be useful to determine the extent to which this long-term
      sensory-specific satiety can be prevented by provision of perhaps even a limited
      range of spices, flavorings or foods.

PMID- 4059374
TI  - The anorectic action of peripherally administered 5-HT is enhanced by vagotomy.
AB  - Peripherally administered 5-HT produced a greater suppression of food intake in
      rats with subdiaphragmatic vagotomy than in sham-operated controls. The enhanced
      anorexia to 5-HT in vagotomised rats and the anorexia in sham-operated controls
      were reversed by methysergide, indicating the involvement of 5-HT receptors in
      the observed anorexia in both groups of animals. Thus the increased suppression
      of food intake in vagotomised rats cannot be explained in terms of non-specific
      effects of 5-HT. Both vagotomised and sham-operated rats showed an equivalent
      degree of anorexia when treated with fenfluramine suggesting that the receptor
      mechanism responsible for the anorectic action of 5-HT plays little or no part in
      the action of fenfluramine. Systemic administration of 5-HT was found to slow the
      rate of gastric clearance. Unlike the anorexia induced by 5-HT this effect was
      not reversed by methysergide. Thus it appears that peripherally administered 5-HT
      interacts with the vagus nerve but the mechanism responsible for 5-HT anorexia is
      independent of any action on gastric clearance.

PMID- 4059375
TI  - Intrahypothalamic effects of progestin agonists on estrous behavior and progestin
      receptor binding.
AB  - To investigate whether metabolism of progesterone (P) to other progestins is
      necessary for the facilitation of estrous behavior in estrogen-primed rats, we
      evaluated the behavioral effectiveness of intrahypothalamic implants of two P
      metabolites, 5 alpha-dihydroprogesterone (DHP) and 20 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone
      (20HP), and of desoxycorticosterone (DOC). We also determined whether the
      progestin receptor binding capacity of the steroids correlated with their
      behavioral efficacy. Implants of DHP and 20HP into the ventromedial hypothalamus
      were considerably less effective than P in activating estrous behavior; in
      contrast, the mineralocorticoid DOC was nearly as effective as P. Binding studies
      showed that P had the highest affinity for brain progestin receptors followed by
      DHP, DOC and 20HP. Thus there was a poor correlation between the behavioral
      efficacy and the progestin receptor binding properties of the steroids tested.
      These data suggest (1) that neither 5 alpha-reduction nor 20 alpha-hydroxylation
      are necessary for P activation of estrous responsiveness and (2) that the
      structural features required for the behavior promoting effects of P may not be
      identical to those required for binding to brain progestin receptors.

PMID- 4059376
TI  - Disrupting circadian rhythms in rats induces retrograde amnesia.
AB  - Disrupting circadian organization in rats by phase-shifting the illumination
      cycle or by exposure to a reversed day/night cycle or to continuous light,
      resulted in retrograde amnesia for passive avoidance behavior. This retrograde
      amnesia induced by phase-shifting lasted at least 2 days, and gradually
      diminished the longer the rats were exposed to the new illumination cycle.
      Retention performance was not impaired when rats were exposed to phase-shifting
      for 3-5 days before the learning trial. The retrograde amnesia due to changing
      the illumination cycle is probably due to retrieval disturbances. Extinction of
      active avoidance behavior was facilitated in rats exposed to a phase-shifted
      illumination cycle, but social and explorative behavior of rats tested in dyadic
      encounters were not affected by changing the normal illumination cycle. It is
      concluded that phase-shifting may result in amnesia for newly learned behavioral
      responses, but not for more innate behavioral patterns.

PMID- 4059377
TI  - Number and distribution of taste buds in the oral cavity of hatchling chicks.
AB  - The location and number of taste buds were mapped in palatal epithelia of one-day
      old chicks and bud widths measured. Bud counts additionally were recorded for the
      tongue, and floor of the lower beak. An average of 316 taste buds was observed in
      the oral cavity of which 69%, 29% and 2% were distributed across oral epithelium
      in the upper beak (palate), lower beak and posteroventrolateral region of the
      anterior tongue, respectively. In each oral region, salivary gland ducts lying
      adjacent as well as gland ductules penetrating through the buds were prevalent.
      This relation may provide the bio-fluid milieu for receptor stimulation during
      feeding. Widths of palatal buds were bimodally distributed, peaking at diameters
      between 40-49 and 60-69 microns. The taste bud-rich oral epithelium in these one
      day old chicks is consonant with their precocial nature. The topographic
      distribution of taste buds appears to be in register with those regions of
      epithelium contacted by food which is transported anteroposteriorly through the
      oral cavity by the chicken's prehensile tongue.

PMID- 4059378
TI  - Effects of low stress during pregnancy on certain parameters of the offspring.
AB  - In recent years the effect of intense stress applied during pregnancy has been
      studied. In this work, we exposed the mother to low immobilization stress
      throughout the entire pregnancy. This treatment that increased the sexual
      capacity in males had no detectable effects on the reproductive behavior of
      females. A positive role of this phenomenon in nature is suggested, as the
      offspring of stressed mothers would be more capable of facing difficult and
      selective environments.

PMID- 4059380
TI  - Early weaning predisposes rats to exacerbated activity-stress ulcer formation.
AB  - Rats were weaned early (Day 15), normally (Day 21) or late (Day 27). When they
      reached 200 g (+/- 10) they were placed into the activity-stress paradigm. Half
      the rats in each weaning group were housed in activity-wheel cages and fed only 1
      hr each day. The remaining rats served as food-yoked home cage controls and were
      fed only that amount of food eaten by their wheel-housed partners. Early weaned
      rats ran more than normally or late weaned animals. Early weaned rats also died
      at a faster rate and exhibited a significantly greater cumulative ulcer length
      than did normally or late weaned rats, although ulcer incidence did not differ
      between the groups. No ulcers occurred in home cage control rats. Early maternal
      deprivation may generally predispose rats to stress-induced gastrointestinal
      disease, whether or not such disease has an acid etiology.

PMID- 4059379
TI  - Effects of laryngeal denervation on ultrasound production and male sexual
      behavior in rodents.
AB  - Adult male house mice (Mus musculus) and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus
      bairdi) were used to investigate the effects of partial denervation of the larynx
      on ultrasound production. In addition the masculine sexual behavior of vocalizing
      and muted males was assessed on tests with receptive females. For both species,
      unilateral transections of the inferior laryngeal nerve (ILN) significantly
      reduced the proportion of males that emitted ultrasonic vocalizations. However,
      the inability to vocalize did not prevent the display of male sexual behavior.
      Bilateral transections of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) failed to abolish
      ultrasound production in males of both species. These nerve transections,
      however, reduced the amount of ultrasound recorded during postsurgical tests, and
      in the case of deer mice, cuts of the SLN increased the latency to the first
      vocalization. The present results confirm the importance of the ILN in the neural
      control of ultrasonic vocalizations and indicate that, at least in laboratory
      tests, the ability to emit ultrasounds is not a necessary condition for the
      display of mating behavior in male rodents.

PMID- 4059381
TI  - Olfaction and behavioral modification in domestic chicks (Gallus domesticus).
AB  - Olfactory responsiveness in the female domestic chick was examined in a series of
      experiments. Individually-housed chicks preferred the familiar soiled substrate
      from their own home box to that soiled by a strange conspecific and to clean wood
      litter when placed in an otherwise novel Y maze. An artificial odorant present
      during the development of group-reared chicks subsequently proved attractive in
      an otherwise novel and potentially frightening situation. Chicks reared with one
      of two aromatic oils subsequently discriminated between them and preferred the
      familiar oil when both were present in the test box. The preferences are likely
      acquired because naive, one-day-old chicks reacted similarly to wood litter
      treated with either water or oil. Presence of a familiar rearing odor also
      reduced fear of a novel open field. In contrast to controls, chicks whose
      nostrils were blocked prior to rearing with an aromatic oil showed no subsequent
      preference for this odorant. The present results suggest that domestic chicks can
      regulate their behavior in response to olfactory cues though trigeminal
      chemoreception may also be involved.

PMID- 4059382
TI  - Orienting and freezing responses in incubating ptarmigan hens.
AB  - Behavior studies and telemetric recordings of heart and respiration rates were
      performed on five wild and two captive, incubating, willow ptarmigan hens
      (Lagopus lagopus lagopus) and on four wild, incubating, Svalbard ptarmigan hens
      (Lagopus mutus hyperboreus). Sounds and sight of approaching humans, egg
      predators, or dogs near the nests elicited behavior in the hens which we have
      interpreted as an orienting response (OR) followed by freezing behavior. During
      both types of behavioral responses, heart rate was reduced from 204 +/- 39 (mean
      +/- SE) to 119 +/- 26 beats per minute and respiration from 25 +/- 2 to 12 +/- 3
      breaths per minute. In wild incubating willow ptarmigan, further approach led to
      tachycardia and increased respiration. Some birds maintained freezing behavior,
      while others became restless before flying off. Two of the four incubating
      Svalbard ptarmigan hens showed the OR followed by freezing behavior accompanied
      by decreased heart and respiration rates. The other two birds showed flight
      response, restless behavior accompanied by increased heart and respiration rates.
      Flight behavior was also typical for willow ptarmigan incubating in captivity.
      Repeated auditory provocation of incubating hens caused progressive decrement in
      behavioral and cardiac responses that is interpreted as habituation of the OR.

PMID- 4059383
TI  - Some behavioral factors related to the effects of cold-restraint stress in rats:
      a factor analytic-multiple regression approach.
AB  - Recently, some individual differences in rats have been shown to be related to
      stress-induced physiological responses. As yet there has been no attempt to
      incorporate measurement techniques from the psychometric field to this line of
      research. The present study was conducted to examine the utility of applying such
      methods to animal research. Physiological responses to cold-restraint stress in
      26 male rats were investigated using a factor analytic-multiple regression
      procedure. Nineteen behavioral and physiological measures obtained during open
      field testing, motor activity monitoring, and passive avoidance learning were
      subjected to a principle components factor analysis. Five factors were extracted
      which reflected exploratory behavior, general activity level, metabolic rate,
      behavioral reactivity, and autonomic reactivity. The obtained factor scores were
      used to predict physiological responses to four hours of supine cold-restraint
      using a step-wise multiple regression procedure. General activity level was the
      best predictor of adrenal weight and temperature loss. Autonomic reactivity was
      the best predictor of ulcer incidence and severity. Applications of these
      statistical procedures are discussed.

PMID- 4059384
TI  - Conditioned suppression of sexual behavior in stallions and reversal with
      diazepam.
AB  - Sexual behavior dysfunction unaccompanied by detectable physical or endocrine
      abnormality is an important cause of reproductive failure among domestic
      stallions. Several authors have suggested that such dysfunction may be
      psychogenic, related to negative experience associated with intense handling and
      training. An experimental model of experience-related dysfunction was developed
      by exposing pony stallions to erection-contingent aversive conditioning. This
      resulted in rapid, specific suppression of sexual arousal and response similar to
      spontaneously occurring dysfunction. Subsequently, treatment with a CNS-active
      benzodiazepine derivative (diazepam) reversed these effects.

PMID- 4059385
TI  - Effects of vagotomy on satiety induced by gastrointestinal hormones in the rat.
AB  - Cholecystokinin, bombesin and pancreatic polypeptide are all reported to induce
      satiety in rodents. To test the hypothesis that cholecystokinin and bombesin
      induce satiety through release of pancreatic polypeptide, we compared the satiety
      inducing properties of each peptide in rats trained to eat a liquid diet
      (Magnacal). Studies were repeated after transabdominal truncal vagotomy (n = 8)
      or sham operation (n = 8). Peptides were given by intraperitoneal injection, and
      the volume of Magnacal ingested over a 2 hr period measured. After the injection
      of saline, unoperated rats (n = 16) ingested 30 +/- 2.3 ml of Magnacal. Caerulein
      (9 nmol/kg) and bombesin (27 nmol/kg) significantly inhibited food intake to 8 +/
      2.5 ml and 20 +/- 2.1 ml respectively. In contrast pancreatic polypeptide (27
      nmol/kg) had no significant effect on food intake. Both caerulein and bombesin
      retained the ability to reduce food intake after vagotomy although the effects of
      caerulein were somewhat blunted. No significant changes in serum pancreatic poly
      peptide concentrations were observed after either the caerulein or bombesin
      injection. As both peptides release pancreatic polypeptide in higher mammals,
      species differences in release mechanisms appear to exist. We would conclude that
      caerulein and bombesin induced satiety is independent of pancreatic polypeptide
      release and that the weight loss induced by pancreatic polypeptide in obese
      rodents is unlikely to be due to induction of satiety.

PMID- 4059386
TI  - Histamine and serotonin independently elicit drinking in the rat.
AB  - Drinking elicited by SC histamine or serotonin (5-HT) was studied in Sprague
      Dawley male rats following 0.9% NaCl or combined antagonism of H1 and H2
      histamine receptors using dexbrompheniramine (DXB) and cimetidine (C), or
      following antagonism of 5-HT receptors using methysergide (M). Histaminergic
      antagonism using IP 1 mg/kg DXB plus 16 mg/kg C abolished drinking elicited by SC
      2.5 mg/kg histamine, but it failed to inhibit drinking elicited by the ED50 or by
      the ED100 for SC 5-HT in the same rats. Serotonergic antagonism using IP 3 mg/kg
      M abolished drinking elicited by SC 0.63 mg/kg 5-HT, but it failed to inhibit
      drinking elicited by the ED50 or by the ED100 for SC histamine in the same rats.
      These findings demonstrate that activation of peripheral 5-HT receptors is not
      necessary for SC histamine to elicit drinking and that activation of peripheral
      histamine receptors is not necessary for SC 5-HT to elicit drinking. This
      demonstrates that histamine and 5-HT activate different receptors to elicit
      drinking in the rat. The finding that the ED50 for histamine and the ED50 for 5
      HT are not additive in their effects on drinking is consistent with the notion
      that a single mechanism mediates the dipsogenic effects of SC histamine and SC 5
      HT in the rat.

PMID- 4059387
TI  - 1-Deoxy-glucosamine initiates, then effectively suppresses feeding in the rat.
AB  - The deoxy analogues of D-glucose, 1-deoxy-D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine, are
      biochemically and structurally similar to 1-deoxy-D-glucose, so their direct
      effects on food intake were studied. Both 12 and 24 mumol 1-deoxy-glucosamine
      potently decreased feeding and body weight after an initial transient elicitation
      of food intake. The suppression included decreased meal size and prolonged
      postprandial intermeal interval which persisted for at least 3 days after
      injection. Ambulatory activity was unaffected. The initial elicitation of feeding
      was not accompanied by drinking episodes, and subsequent drinking suppression was
      persisted. These findings, plus other biochemical evidence, suggest that
      inversion with an amino group or removal of a hydroxyl group from C-2 and/or C-1
      may affect feeding.

PMID- 4059388
TI  - Blood pressure and heart rate responses to environmental stress in the
      spontaneously hypertensive rat.
AB  - Blood pressure and heart rate responses of the spontaneously hypertensive rat
      (SHR) and the Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY) to mild restraint and tone-shock pairings
      were compared during a pre-stress, aversive conditioning and post-stress period,
      after five previous days of exposure to the paradigm. Although SHR and WKY showed
      similar responses to the onset of the pre-stress period, SHR showed significantly
      larger blood pressure responses following the onset of the conditioning than WKY.
      Furthermore, WKY showed a significant blood pressure and heart rate reduction
      during the conditioning session which was absent in the SHR. During the post
      stress period, the blood pressure of SHR remained significantly elevated compared
      to their home cage rest values, but the blood pressure of WKY returned to basal
      levels. It is concluded that while the SHR is more reactive than the WKY to
      stimulus onset, the major source of between-strain differences after 20 min
      relates to differences in adaptation to continued environmental stimulation. This
      can lead to exaggerated estimates of physiological reactivity of the SHR, and is
      supportive of Folkow's view that SHR are both hyperreactive and show more
      prolonged defense reactions.

PMID- 4059389
TI  - Restraint stress has no effect on morphine-induced inhibition of gastrointestinal
      transit in the rat.
AB  - Stress in the rat has been reported to enhance the analgesic and thermic effects
      of opioids, drug effects that are mediated centrally. We examined whether this
      stress-induced enhancement of response to opioids could also be demonstrated for
      a drug effect mediated largely in the periphery, morphine-induced inhibition of
      gastrointestinal transit. Restrained (stressed) and unrestrained (unstressed)
      rats were injected with saline or morphine and then administered orally a
      charcoal suspension; after sacrifice, the distance the charcoal traveled through
      the intestine was determined. After the administration of saline, restrained rats
      had significantly lower gastrointestinal transit than did unstressed rats;
      however, both groups were comparably sensitive to inhibition of gastrointestinal
      transit by morphine.

PMID- 4059390
TI  - Responses to conspecifics' urine by the degu (Octodon degus).
AB  - In nature the degu has been observed to deposit and to investigate scents. This
      study employed a captive group of these animals to investigate their responses to
      conspecific urinary marks in a neutral arena. Both sex classes served as
      subjects. They were presented with urine obtained from males, from females and a
      saline control. The females were found to be more active in responding. On the
      basis of sniffing frequency, they exhibited greater discriminative abilities than
      did the males. The urine from female donors was sniffed more frequently by all
      subjects. The frequency of approaching a mark and the time spent in the vicinity
      of a stimulus are interpreted as being investigatory responses. It seems that the
      marks deposited by females have a greater salience and that females are more
      sensitive to olfactory stimuli.

PMID- 4059391
TI  - Potency of rat ejaculations varies with their order and with male age.
AB  - In one session, a male rat may ejaculate 6 or 7 times, preceding each ejaculation
      with multiple intromissions. The potency of each successive ejaculation was
      investigated by examining the number of sperm later recovered from the genital
      tracts in one group of females and determining the number of embryos which were
      developing in another group of females. In nine older males (223-402 days), sperm
      and embryo number reached a peak at the third ejaculation; in fewer than 25% of
      mating sessions were these numbers maximal at the first ejaculation. In four
      younger males (103-172 days), two consistently showed maximal sperm output at the
      first ejaculation and two consistently peaked beyond it. However, despite these
      variations in sperm output, embryo counts in younger males were uniformly above
      10 until the seventh ejaculation. Both age and ejaculation number had
      demonstrable effects on fertility.

PMID- 4059392
TI  - The effects of entorhinal cortex lesions on type 1 and type 2 theta.
AB  - The effects of bilateral entorhinal cortex lesions on type 1 and type 2 theta
      generation in the guinea pig were studied in the chronic preparation. EEG
      recordings from dentate generator zones demonstrated a decrease in the
      relationship between ongoing type 1 motor movements and theta generation. Before
      lesioning theta activity accompanied type 1 behaviors (i.e., walking and head
      movements) in 100% of the samples, while subsequent to lesioning theta activity
      was present in only 58% of the samples. In addition, prior to lesioning, type 2
      theta was present in 100% of the samples taken during immobile sensory
      processing, e.g., tactile stimulation, while after lesioning type 2 theta was
      present in only 34% of the samples. Type 2 theta is selectively sensitive to
      disruption by atropine sulfate. In the present experiment atropine sulfate
      eliminated all theta activity after entorhinal lesions. Consequently as no type 1
      theta appeared to be present it was argued that the entorhinal cortex is a
      critical route for type 1 theta. However, as the behavioral and sensory
      correlates of both type 1 and type 2 theta were disrupted it was suggested that
      the entorhinal cortex is an integral part of both systems.

PMID- 4059393
TI  - Profiling, mimicking and masking the flavor of a selected rodenticide.
AB  - In Experiment 1, rats drank strychnine solution followed by an injection of LiCl.
      Generalization of learned strychnine avoidance to 4 non-toxic flavors was then
      assessed. Additional conditioning and generalization trials followed until 24
      flavors had been presented. In Experiment 2, rats were conditioned to avoid
      individual flavors, or flavor mixtures concocted on the basis of avoidance
      generalization observed in Experiment 1. Tests followed for generalization of
      learned avoidance from the simple flavors to the mixtures, from the mixtures to
      the simple flavors, and from either to strychnine. In Experiment 3, two
      concentrations of NaCl were mixed with strychnine or one of the flavors (SOA)
      used in the previous experiments. These stimuli, as well as SOA alone, strychnine
      alone, and each of the NaCl concentrations, were presented to rats during
      conditioning. Generalization followed, as in the previous experiments. In
      Experiment 1, strychnine avoidance generalized to 'bitter' flavors (ps less than
      0.01). In Experiment 2, avoidance of flavor mixtures generalized more strongly to
      strychnine than did learned avoidance of simple flavors (ps less than 0.01). In
      Experiment 3, NaCl masked or otherwise suppressed the 'bitter' flavor of
      strychnine or SOA insofar as no groups conditioned with a 'bitter'-salt mixture
      generalized avoidance to 'bitter' alone (ps less than 0.01). Rats are therefore
      capable of recognizing the flavor components of strychnine. Moreover, when these
      components are mixed in proportion to the degree of generalized avoidance, a
      mimic (either in terms of flavor characteristics or perceived intensity) of
      strychnine is obtained. Avoidance learning appears useful in the development of
      rodenticide baits and pre-bait formulations.

PMID- 4059394
TI  - Formation of a place learning-set by the rat: a new paradigm for neurobehavioral
      studies.
AB  - The Morris water swimming task provides an ideal way of studying spatial
      navigational abilities in rats. It requires that rats swim to find a platform
      located just below the surface of the water in a swimming pool, and rats will
      learn and perform the task readily without being subject to nutrient deprivation.
      A novel adaption of the task, in which rats are shown to form a place learning
      set, is described in the present paper. The learning-set paradigm can be used for
      the repeated evaluation of spatial navigation abilities in the same animals over
      a long period of time. The procedure is based on the finding that once trained,
      rats can acquire a new place response each day. Each new response can be learned
      within one or two trials, given within the time period of a few seconds, and once
      acquired, the response can be retained for a number of days, or until the problem
      is changed. The procedure can be usefully applied to the study of recovery of
      function following brain damage, the study of memory processes following brain
      damage, the changes in memory processes accompanying aging, or it can be used for
      the screening of pharmacological compounds, etc. The technique may be especially
      useful for the study of the performance of individual rats.

PMID- 4059395
TI  - Heart rate and laying behavior in two strains of domestic chicken.
AB  - The heart rates of caged hens, from two strains of domestic chicken (Gallus
      gallus domesticus), during the 20 min before and after oviposition were studied.
      Heart rates were measured using subcutaneously implanted radiotelemetry devices.
      In one strain, heart rate was low and relatively constant before laying,
      increased sharply at the moment of laying, and then decreased gradually during
      the post-laying period. Hens from this strain exhibited sitting behavior before
      laying. In contrast, in the other strain, heart rates increased steadily during
      the pre-laying period, peaked sharply at the moment of laying, and then declined
      during the post-laying period. Hens from this strain exhibited restless pacing
      behavior before laying.

PMID- 4059396
TI  - Hypothalamic modulation of energy expenditure.
AB  - The acute effects of electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus on energy
      expenditure as measured by indirect calorimetry were investigated in 20
      unanaesthetized rats. Thirty sec of stimulation increased both O2 consumption and
      respiratory quotient (R.Q.). The largest magnitude hypermetabolic response (39%
      mean peak increase in O2 consumption) was produced by stimulation of the
      ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. Stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus
      produced hypermetabolic effects similar to but smaller than those produced by
      medial stimulation. A number of considerations suggest that the hypermetabolism
      is not secondary to changes in motor activity, carbohydrate utilization or blood
      glucose levels. Consequently, these data suggest that the hypothalamus modulates
      energy expenditure through changes in non-shivering thermogenesis. These
      metabolic changes may modulate the effects of various hypothalamic manipulations
      on body weight.

PMID- 4059397
TI  - Estrogen but not progesterone facilitates the lordosis reaction to cervicovaginal
      stimulation of ovariectomized rats.
AB  - Ovariectomized rats were treated sequentially with 1, 10 or 100 micrograms/kg of
      estradiol benzoate and 8 mg/kg of progesterone (or vehicles) and were tested for
      lordosis reactivity. A male was used to apply cutaneous stimulation only, or
      cutaneous and cervicovaginal stimulation, in females with masked or unmasked
      vaginal orifices, respectively. Graded cervicovaginal stimulation alone was
      obtained with a manually operated penile dummy. Progesterone caused a significant
      increase in the lordosis quotient to male stimulation after the doses of 10 and
      100 micrograms/kg of estrogen but not after 1 microgram/kg of the hormone. This
      effect of progesterone was unaffected when the vaginal orifice was masked to
      avoid penile intromission and the resulting cervicovaginal stimulation. Lordosis
      reactions to artificially graded cervicovaginal stimulation following
      progesterone only or vehicle only were both infrequent and weak. The three
      estrogen doses employed increased markedly the reactivity to cervicovaginal
      stimulation, both when the percent frequency of lordosis and when lordosis
      intensity ratings were considered. In contraposition with the effect on male
      stimulation, progesterone did not increase the reactivity to cervicovaginal
      stimulation, as measured by the percent incidence of lordosis. This was also the
      case when lordosis intensity scores were considered, with the sole exception of a
      significant difference when 1 microgram/kg of estradiol and the strongest
      stimulation were used. Our results suggest that the sensitivity of the afferent
      pathways to elicit the lordosis reaction are under different hormonal
      modulations: cutaneous afferents seem to be facilitated by estrogen and
      progesterone, while cervicovaginal afferents would be facilitated only by
      estrogen.

PMID- 4059398
TI  - The progression of behavioral and pathological effects of the parasite Toxocara
      canis in the mouse.
AB  - Toxocara canis, the parasitic roundworm of the dog may infect aberrant hosts
      including mice and humans. The present study examined the behavioral and
      pathological changes at each of three postintubation periods (Period 1: 8-10
      days, 2: 49-51 days, and 3: 84-86 days postintubation, respectively) in
      independent groups of mice intubated with 1000 eggs of T. canis. Eight-ten days
      after intubation Toxocara infected animals typically showed depressed levels of
      activity relative to saline-intubated controls. The scope and severity of
      behavioral changes were attenuated when different mice were tested 49-51 days
      after infection, and then became more severe when the third set of animals was
      tested 84-86 days after intubation. While brain pathology increased over the
      three periods, visceral organs showed marked pathology 8-10 days after intubation
      followed by a decrease in severity. These data suggest that Toxocara associated
      pathological changes in visceral organs and in the brain have behavioral
      consequences in mice. Given the similarity in migratory pathways of this parasite
      in rodents and humans, and the findings of T. canis larvae in human brain tissue,
      the results of this animal study may have implications concerning the possible
      etiology of behavioral disorders for children who have a known history of pica
      for dirt.

PMID- 4059400
TI  - The effects of caffeine on memory for word lists.
AB  - The present study investigated the effects of caffeine on memory for supraspan
      word lists. Twelve groups of male and female college students classified as high
      or low impulsive were administered (PO) 0 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg of caffeine.
      Subjects listened to four word lists presented at a fast rate and four at a slow
      rate. Caffeine inhibited females' recall during the slow rate, but not the fast
      rate. Caffeine had no effect on the recall performance of males. The observed
      effects of caffeine were not influenced by subjects' typical amount of caffeine
      consumption, verbal ability, or level of impulsivity. The results suggest that
      caffeine may impair the efficiency with which females rehearse information in
      working memory.

PMID- 4059399
TI  - The effects of alcohol on prose memory.
AB  - The present study examined the effects of acute alcoholic intoxication on prose
      memory. Intoxicated and sober subjects listened to six narrative passages at
      different presentation rates. Immediately after listening to a tape-recorded
      version of each story, subjects orally recalled it. The results demonstrated that
      sober subjects recalled more than intoxicated subjects, but subjects from both
      groups favored the main ideas in their recalls. However, at the fastest
      presentation rate, intoxicated subjects showed some diminished sensitivity to the
      semantic structure of prose. It was suggested that alcohol induced deficits in
      prose memory may result from a general slowing in the rate with which text is
      encoded into working memory.

PMID- 4059401
TI  - Flavor, forced choice and deprivation affect corticosterone selection by the
      adrenalectomized rat.
AB  - Adrenalectomized rats were given access to corticosterone-supplemented (20
      micrograms/ml) and -unsupplemented saline (0.9% NaCl) in two separate bottles and
      preferences were measured for each. Half of the rats received corticosterone in
      maple-flavored saline (MAPLE group), while the other half received corticosterone
      in anise-flavored saline (ANISE group). Each rat also received unsupplemented
      saline in the alternate flavor. After an initial preference test, preferences
      were measured again following a period of forced choice (where rats were given
      the supplemented saline only) and again following a period of deprivation (where
      rats were given the unsupplemented saline only). All three independent variables
      (flavor, forced-choice and deprivation) played roles in determining self
      administration of corticosterone. Results from the initial preference test
      demonstrated that both groups preferred the maple-flavored saline whether it
      contained corticosterone or not. However, consumption of corticosterone
      supplemented saline regardless of flavor increased following both forced-choice
      and deprivation suggesting that the adrenalectomized rats were controlling their
      corticosterone levels. Strong negative correlations were found between intake of
      corticosterone-supplemented saline and body weight suggesting that the
      adrenalectomized rat may be controlling corticosterone levels based on some
      correlate of body weight.

PMID- 4059402
TI  - Polygraphic and behavioral study of sleep in geese: existence of nuchal atonia
      during paradoxical sleep.
AB  - In adult geese, chronic polygraphic recordings of EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG and
      respiratory rate completed with behavioral observations allowed the
      characterization of four states of vigilance: wakefulness (W), drowsiness (D),
      slow wave sleep (SWS) and paradoxical sleep (PS). The EEG, EOG, EMG general
      patterns observed during W, D, SWS and PS episodes with nuchal isotonia or
      hypotonia were similar to those reported in other birds. The characteristic
      brevity of avian PS was confirmed since this sleep state occupied only 2.8% of
      the nycthemere in geese. For the first time in an adult bird it was shown that
      numerous PS episodes were accompanied, as in mammals, by a total disappearance of
      nuchal EMG activity. These observations made in a bird species with a stable head
      support when sleeping, suggest that, as in mammals, inhibitory mechanisms leading
      to a PS related nuchal atonia do exist and that head falling is not the cause of
      PS episodes brevity in birds.

PMID- 4059403
TI  - Doppler shift radar monitoring of activity of rats in a behavioural test
      situation.
AB  - The present study investigates the use of an activity monitoring system based
      upon Doppler shift radar for monitoring general activity of rats in a standard
      open field test situation. Significant positive correlations were found between
      the radar activity counts and the conventional lines crossed measure of activity.
      On the basis of these correlations it is suggested that this method of activity
      monitoring might be used in conjunction with other behavioural test situations.
      Further potential benefits of this activity monitoring system are discussed.

PMID- 4059404
TI  - Effects of dopamine agonists on hypothalamic defensive attack in cats.
AB  - The effects of methamphetamine (MAT) and apomorphine (APO), dopamine agonists,
      were studied in 16 cats to evaluate their effects on threshold for defensive
      attack behavior elicited by electrical stimulation of the ventromedial
      hypothalamic nucleus (VMH). Directed attack and hissing were selected from
      elementary responses as constituting a defensive attack. Hissing threshold was
      measured in two situations, one with human provocation and the other without
      provocation. MAT administered systemically lowered the thresholds for all three
      types of responses in a dose-related manner (0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg). The
      effects of 1.0 mg/kg of APO were almost identical to those observed with 0.5 or
      1.0 mg/kg of MAT. These results suggest that MAT-induced aggressive behavior may
      be mediated by a dopamine-induced increase in the excitability of the VMH.

PMID- 4059405
TI  - Age, sex and strain comparison of habituation of the startle response in the rat.
AB  - Habituation and sensitization of the acoustic startle response were studied in
      young (3 month) and aged (26 month) male and female Fischer 344 rats and in young
      (3 month) and aged (32 month) male Sprague Dawley rats. Tones were presented on
      25 consecutive trials for a session, one session on each of four consecutive
      days. An air puff stimulus immediately preceded trial 20 on each day to test
      sensitization. All aged rats demonstrated greater short-term (within session)
      relative habituation than their younger counterparts. Across sessions, aged male
      rats of both strains habituated more quickly than younger males. Aged female rats
      habituated more slowly. Sensitization was more likely to occur in younger rats.

PMID- 4059406
TI  - Hyperprolactinemia and male sexual behavior: effects of steroid replacement with
      estrogen plus dihydrotestosterone.
AB  - To determine if alterations in the availability of the active metabolites of
      testosterone (T) are involved in the inhibition of sexual activity in
      hyperprolactinemic animals, the effects of four ectopic pituitary grafts on
      copulatory behavior were examined in castrated male rats given subcutaneous
      implants of T or estradiol-17 beta (E2) plus 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
      Two weeks after implantation of the steroid-filled capsules, half the animals of
      each group were given pituitary grafts and the remainder were sham-operated.
      Tests of copulatory behavior were performed prior to, and one, two, and three
      months following pituitary transplantation. Pituitary grafting caused significant
      inhibition of copulatory behavior in both T and E2 + DHT treated animals. PRL
      levels were significantly higher in E2 + DHT treated grafted males than in T
      treated grafted animals (2000 +/- 140 vs. 395 +/- 26 ng/ml), but did not differ
      between the corresponding control groups (61 +/- 8 vs. 73 +/- 6 ng/ml). The
      results of these experiments preclude the possible involvement of alterations in
      steroid secretion by the testes or modifications of the conversion of T to its
      active metabolites in the effects of hyperprolactinemia on copulatory behavior.

PMID- 4059407
TI  - Microlymphaticovenous anastomosis in the treatment of lower limb obstructive
      lymphedema: analysis of 91 cases.
AB  - Since 1980, 110 cases of lymphedema have been treated by microlymphaticovenous
      anastomosis. Of these 110 patients, 91 with obstructive lymphedema of lower limbs
      were reviewed. The immediate and long-term results have been very satisfactory.
      Excellent and good results were obtained in 79.1 percent. An average reduction in
      circumference of the affected limb of 6.4 cm and an average reduction of excess
      volume of 59.2 +/- 29.5 percent (representing 703 +/- 850 ml) were obtained.
      Subjective symptoms and objective signs were improved. Four patients (4.4
      percent) showed poor results owing to severe fibrosis of neighboring tissue; no
      lymphatics could be located for anastomosis. As the authors gained experience
      with the operation over the last 3 years, they modified the operative procedure,
      the anastomotic technique, and the selection of collective lymphatics. The data
      obtained suggest that the quality of results is proportional to the number of
      anastomoses. In order to obtain the best results, the criteria for selection of
      patients and avoidance of postoperative relapse are discussed. Finally, a test
      for determination of the indications for microlymphatic surgery is described.

PMID- 4059408
TI  - The axial frontonasal flap revisited.
AB  - After 15 years of experience and 50 cases, we think that the axial frontonasal
      flap is of great value for the repair of large skin defects of the nose. This
      flap mobilizes all the skin cover of the nose located above the defect and the
      adjacent frontal skin and rotates it on a vascular pedicle existing at the level
      of the inner canthi. The excess of skin of the glabella is then transferred to
      the nose, and this large flap allows coverage of the defect without tension or
      distortion. The long-term results are very good, with a hardly visible repair in
      26 of 50 patients, the long scar being very well hidden at the periphery of the
      nose.

PMID- 4059409
TI  - The versatility of pericranial flaps.
AB  - The pericranium is the source of multiple, dependable, well-vascularized flaps
      which are of use to the plastic and reconstructive surgeon for multiple defects
      of the face and skull. Based anteriorly, the flap can cover the entire central
      third of the face or be transposed intracranially to correct abnormalities of the
      cribriform plate and dura. Based laterally on the temporalis muscle, the flap can
      be turned to multiple arcs for reconstruction of the face, ear, and intracranial
      defects. Donor-site morbidity and complications have been minimal.

PMID- 4059410
TI  - Treatment of total sternal necrosis using the latissimus dorsi muscle flap.
AB  - Complications after a median sternotomy incision, which is used currently in most
      cardiac and mediastinal surgical procedures, although infrequent, are serious. If
      sternal dehiscence follows median sternotomy, infection extends to vital
      underlying structures, exposing the anterior part of the heart and ascending
      aorta. Permanent hemorrhage, septic thrombosis, or septic perforation of
      prosthetic material demand soft-tissue coverage. In 5 patients with total sternum
      necrosis the retrosternal space was covered with a latissimus dorsi muscle flap
      in order to achieve stable protection of the exposed mediastinal organs.

PMID- 4059411
TI  - Cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgery in blacks.
AB  - Black women have not embraced cosmetic and reconstructive surgery of the breast
      with the same enthusiasm as their Caucasian counterparts because of fear of
      hypertrophic scars. The authors offer suggestions on how to minimize the scarring
      associated with breast surgery in black women. They feel that intraareolar
      incisions should be used whenever circumareolar incisions are indicated in
      augmentation mammaplasty, because the areola, being a favored area, is less
      likely to produce hypertrophic scars. The Marchac technique of reduction
      mammaplasty is recommended because it produces a short horizontal scar of 5 to 8
      cm confined to the breast without medial and lateral extension, which may
      hypertrophy in black women. In the reduction of large breasts, secondary excision
      of dogears 6 or more weeks after mammaplasty reduces the medial and lateral
      extents of the scar. The use of liposuction as an adjunct to reduction
      mammaplasty may also accomplish the same thing. Amputation and free nipple-areola
      grafting should be used with caution in black patients because of the tendency of
      the grafted areola to hypopigment. In postmastectomy reconstruction, the authors
      suggest that the techniques described by Ryan and Radovan should be considered
      first before the techniques of reconstruction utilizing myocutaneous flaps. In
      these procedures, no new scars which may hypertrophy are created away from the
      site of reconstruction. Staples should not be used in skin closure in blacks
      because they cause cross-hatching of the wound even when removed early.

PMID- 4059412
TI  - Psychosocial correlates of immediate versus delayed reconstruction of the breast.
AB  - Two groups of consecutive patients from two different plastic surgical practice
      populations were evaluated to determine psychosocial differences between those
      who underwent immediate (n = 25) versus delayed (n = 38) breast reconstruction.
      Psychological assessment consisted of a standardized symptom inventory (BSI) and
      a specially designed self-report questionnaire investigating reactions unique to
      mastectomy and reconstruction. Both groups were extremely equivalent with regard
      to sociodemographic data, with the typical subject being a well-educated and
      employed Caucasian wife. Verbal reports of physical complaints revealed no
      significant differences between the two groups except for difficulty with arm
      movement, which was statistically higher for the immediate group (p = 0.006.).
      This difference most likely was due to the axillary dissection being performed
      simultaneously at the time of reconstruction. The relationship between timing of
      reconstruction and self-reported distress over the mastectomy experience revealed
      that only 25 percent of the women who underwent immediate repair reported "high
      distress" in recalling their mastectomy surgery compared with 60 percent of the
      delayed reconstruction group (p = 0.02). In reference to the two scales measuring
      psychological symptoms, a general trend was present, with the delayed group
      scoring higher (although not statistically significantly) on 9 of our 12 scales.
      Ninety-six percent of the immediate group and 89 percent of the delayed group
      reported satisfaction with results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4059413
TI  - Effects of different-shaped tissue expanders on transluminal pressure, oxygen
      tension, histopathologic changes, and skin expansion in pigs.
AB  - This study, performed on domestic pigs, was designed to show whether the shape
      and size of a tissue expander influences the amount of surface area increase.
      When a defect is irregular, a larger custom-fitted implant is more efficient than
      several smaller expanders. Oval implants gained 5 percent more skin using 50
      percent less time and almost 20 percent less intraluminal pressure, while U
      shaped implants yield 2.2 percent more skin in 10 percent less time with 35 to 50
      percent less pressure when compared with several smaller implants covering the
      same surface area. Transcutaneous TpO2 measurements and histologic evaluation
      revealed no significant difference between all implant shapes. These results show
      that less time, pressure, and volume are needed in a larger implant to gain the
      same surface area as would be attained from several smaller implants, thus
      sparing the patient more discomfort, trauma, and risk of infection by reducing
      the number of filling domes and hence the number of fillings.

PMID- 4059414
TI  - Experimental microvascular polytetrafluoroethylene grafts: 6-month patency.
AB  - The efficacy of 1-mm internal-diameter polytetrafluoroethylene as a microvascular
      prosthesis is unclear. In this study, 8-mm-long segments of this material were
      implanted into the femoral arteries of 30 rats. Animals were examined every 2
      weeks up to 6 months by Doppler ultrasound. Cumulative patency by the life-table
      method was 86.7 percent at 6 months. There were 26 patent grafts, 2 occlusions,
      and 2 deaths. Intimal hyperplasia adjacent to the anastomoses was seen in the
      native arteries. The pseudointima lining the grafts was cellular near the
      anastomoses but usually acellular in midgraft regions. It is concluded that if
      early failure does not occur, then good long-term patency is possible with 1-mm
      polytetrafluoroethylene in this setting and that patency is not dependent on
      development of a cellular pseudointima. Longer graft segments should be evaluated
      in future studies.

PMID- 4059415
TI  - Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene as a microvascular graft: a study of four fibril
      lengths.
AB  - The utility for a prosthetic microvascular graft is well demonstrated, but
      previous studies have been inconclusive. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore
      Tex) has been most widely tested as a prosthetic graft. Polytetrafluoroethylene
      is composed of transverse nodules connected by long fibrils. This study evaluates
      the effect of fibril length on observed patency in a 1-mm inner-diameter system.
      Fibril lengths tested were 30, 60, 90, and 120 micron. One-hundred and sixty
      three grafts were implanted in the abdominal aorta of Sprague-Dawley rats by a
      single surgeon using a standardized technique. No anticoagulants were used.
      Grafts were harvested at predetermined times and evaluated macroscopically, by
      scanning electron microscope, and by standard histology. The highest patency
      observed was 97.7 percent in the 90-micron fibril-length grafts. Fibril
      morphology also affected patency. Increased patency was associated with an
      amorphous fibril pattern. The graft functioned as a matrix for the formation of a
      pseudoartery, complete with monocell-thick intima and smooth-muscle media. A
      foreign-body reaction was observed in the 60-micron fibril-length graft only.
      Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene does show promise as a microvascular graft. Both
      fibril length and morphology affect observed patency.

PMID- 4059416
TI  - Separation of craniopagus twins utilizing tissue expanders.
AB  - An example of craniopagus Siamese twins is presented. The methods used in their
      separation using skin expanders and scalp flaps to achieve primary closure of the
      wounds with hair-bearing scalp are outlined. A detailed discussion of the
      planning and the mathematical considerations of these skin expanders and scalp
      flaps is included.

PMID- 4059417
TI  - Nasal bone hemangiomas: a review of clinical, radiologic, and operative
      experience.
AB  - A case of hemangioma of the nasal bones is reported. Clinical and radiologic
      findings, including CT scan, are presented and the literature reviewed. Although
      rare, the lesion often has a characteristic clinical and radiologic presentation
      that can be recognized preoperatively. CT scanning is helpful in defining tumor
      characteristics and extent. Surgery appears curative in most cases without
      significant disfigurement. For smaller lesions, bone graft of the defect appears
      unnecessary and the presence of intact periosteum may actually contribute to
      regeneration of normal bone.

PMID- 4059418
TI  - The extensor digitorum brevis as a muscle island flap.
AB  - The use of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle as a local muscle island flap for
      the coverage of the soft-tissue defects in the region of the lateral malleolus is
      presented. The anatomy of the muscle, the donor dissection, and the utilization
      of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle as a local muscle flap in the lower
      extremity are discussed. This flap was used successfully in a patient with a
      wound over the lateral malleolus and ankle.

PMID- 4059419
TI  - Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the wrist.
AB  - A rare case of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma occurring at the wrist is
      reported. No mitoses were seen in the tissue examined, but the cell type could
      not be identified by frozen section. Based on the report, the remaining neoplasm
      was resected and no structures vital to hand function were sacrificed. There has
      been no recurrence of the tumor in 3 1/2 years.

PMID- 4059420
TI  - Nonsurgical upper blepharoplasty.
AB  - A tape and applicator designed to give preoperative blepharoplasty patients an
      idea of the proposed result has been developed. The use of the tape as a cosmetic
      device to temporarily give the effect of a surgical blepharoplasty is presented.

PMID- 4059421
TI  - Surgical thimble for use in augmentation mammaplasty.
AB  - A conveniently formed thimble has been created for use in dissection during
      augmentation mammaplasty and gynecomastia operations which forms a rigid
      extension to the surgeon's finger. With the aid of this instrument, which is
      fitted onto the third and partly onto the second phalanx of the index finger, the
      delicacy and maneuverability characteristics of digital dissection are on the
      whole retained and the surgeon avoids the use of traditional dissection
      instruments gripped in the hand, with which it is easy to exceed the desired
      limits of dissection creating nervous lesions and unequal pockets.

PMID- 4059422
TI  - The postresidency fellowship in plastic surgery: its evolution and future.

PMID- 4059423
TI  - Expanders for male pattern baldness.

PMID- 4059424
TI  - Xeroderma pigmentosum: oldest survivor?

PMID- 4059425
TI  - Experimental coating of flexor tendons with polyvinylpyrrolidone to reduce
      postoperative adhesions.

PMID- 4059426
TI  - Photoplethysmography.

PMID- 4059427
TI  - Instrument set for nasal hump removal.

PMID- 4059428
TI  - A simple method of intraoperative breast implant sizing.

PMID- 4059429
TI  - Aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp.

PMID- 4059430
TI  - Crescent mastopexy and augmentation.

PMID- 4059431
TI  - A less traumatic method of electrosurgery.

PMID- 4059433
TI  - [Group process studies within the scope of directed dynamic group psychotherapy].
AB  - Footing on specific pramisses of Intended Dynamic Group Psychotherapy three
      different types of development are described on the basis of factor analytical
      investigations towards the behaviour and experience of the group members and of
      the therapeut. At a period of 34 sessions of stationary psychotherapy data of 15
      groups were comprehended and globally related to the effectivity. There are shown
      up the problems of therapeuticle behaviour, of indication and of effectivity.

PMID- 4059432
TI  - [Natural disaster and mental disorders--psychiatric study on Nagasaki floods
      (1982)].

PMID- 4059434
TI  - [Family studies of psychosomatically ill patients in adolescence].
AB  - In widening of the diagnostic to the preparation of an Intended Dynamic Group
      Psychotherapy was realized a common discourse at 40 juvenile patients (at an age
      of 17 up to 22) with the patients and their parents. Additionally neurosis
      screenings BFB and VFB and polarity profiles were used. Especially at the
      families with psychosomatic patients an externally more normal picture is given
      at all tests inspite of clearer inner familiar strains. This "Pseudo-normality"
      also is part of all significant concepts of psychosomatics.

PMID- 4059435
TI  - [Psycho- and sociotherapeutic problems and their management in female groups].
AB  - The necessity of conception by the accomplishment for therapeutic groups of woman
      refers to indication, modification of therapeutic intention and the influence of
      group defense mechanism. It is described from own experiences with therapeutic
      groups of woman with Intended Dynamic Group Psychotherapy.

PMID- 4059436
TI  - [Experiences with directed dynamic group psychotherapy in psychotherapeutic
      ambulatory care].
AB  - The psychotherapeutic situation of public assistance at a district without
      stationary institution for psychotherapy calls for the ambulant effort of methods
      personally centered group psychotherapy. The Intended Dynamic Group
      Psychotherapie was developed on stationary conditions of a therapeutic sommunity.
      In a practical report about eight therapy groups are discussed possibilities and
      limits of this method on ambulant conditions.

PMID- 4059437
TI  - [Theory-practice contradiction in therapy-relevant psychodiagnosis].
AB  - In the contribution the recent situation of the therapy-important
      psychodiagnostic is discribed as characterized through a contradiction. On one
      hand there's an substantial pressure for an effective treatment, on the other
      hand we have only a few well developed theoretical models and practical
      instruments. Three empirical questions in the experience of conflicts are
      investigated: First the rather few percentage of conscious conflicts as
      consequence of the substantial unconsciousness from central motives; second the
      still relative abstract definition of needs, and third problems in diagnostic of
      the so called personality strukture'. The article is closed with a discussion of
      some new possibilities of a action-related diagnostic of conflicts and motives.

PMID- 4059438
TI  - [Psychologic exploration of neurosis patients as a diagnostic-therapeutic
      process].
AB  - A structure of exploration is presented as a hypothetic model of conditions of
      symptoms. The concept of exploration and difficulties of its realization are
      illustrated by a practical example.

PMID- 4059439
TI  - [Etiopathogenesis of neuroses].
AB  - A population of not selected patients of a psychotherapeutic ambulance was
      described and researched exactly in its typical character of actual degree of
      disease made by organic symptoms, of experience of self-confidence and experience
      of the context of social relations. 25% of patients were found to be sound. The
      neurotic patients significantly differed in experiences of former social
      relationship. Patients suffering from disturbed self-confidence and disturbed
      social relationship frequently described disorders in relation to their mothers.
      Patients suffering from disturbed self-confidence but actually stable social
      relationship described mor disorders in relationship to their fathers. The
      mechanism of transfer is discussed.

PMID- 4059440
TI  - [Cerebrospinal fluid findings in chronic cerebral-organic psychiatric axis
      syndrome].
AB  - Retrospective examinations of liquors from 136 children with a chronic brain
      organic psychic axis syndrome following brain damage during infancy yielded
      pathological findings in 75.7% of the cases. These included changes in total
      protein content, slight increases in cell counts and the occurrence of monocytic
      forms of stimulus, but rarely changes in the pattern produced by electrophoresis
      of the liquor. Combinations of these pathological findings are rare, so that it
      is not possible to elaborate a typical liquor syndrome for this group of
      patients.

PMID- 4059441
TI  - [Narcissism and development of the superego].

PMID- 4059442
TI  - [Ontogenesis of tender behavior. I. Study of close embraces beginning with
      "extension of the arms"].

PMID- 4059443
TI  - [From the fantasized child of pregnancy to mother-child interaction].

PMID- 4059444
TI  - [Borderline adolescents. Diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 4059445
TI  - [Longitudinal study in psychiatry: special role of the social worker].

PMID- 4059446
TI  - [Psychiatric establishments--an institutional defense system--II].
AB  - As already described in Part I, the rigid structures of treatment in psychiatric
      hospitals were largely abandoned in the course of a sociopsychiatric experiment.
      This released initially both in the patients and in the psychiatric ward
      personnel (physicians and nurses) of the new hospital organization trends towards
      a common and highly pathological groups process aiming at reshaping or recreating
      the entire institution. This could be partly interpreted as a replay of a
      schizophrenic family conflict and induced subconsciously motivated tensions with
      the parent institution. In order to escape the ensuing tangle which became
      eventually intolerable for the medical personnel, structures were then introduced
      which could be interpreted as a compromise between protective bureaucratisation
      on the one hand and institutional psychotherapy on the other. This compromise
      resulted from a conflict within the medical personnel team. The trend towards
      protective bureaucracy experienced by many individuals of the medical personnel
      was so pronounced as a result of the counter reactions-transference that the
      structures of the new hospital organization would have largely fallen in line of
      those of the parent institution if the group of psychotherapists had not been as
      strong as it proved to be. This led us to believe that psychiatric hospitals in
      their capacity as institutions are almost exclusively in the service of defence
      mechanisms against psychotic entanglement or involvement tendencies and that they
      are thus more or less petrified products of institutionalised defence that,
      however, no longer obviously display the repulsed elements or the functions of
      repulsion and defence.

PMID- 4059447
TI  - [Residences for mentally handicapped adults in an open environment].
AB  - The author describes the characteristic environment and afterwork leisure hours
      of a mentally handicapped woman residing in a hostel for mentally handicapped
      adults. Such hostels are described and presented as one of the possibilities of
      accommodating such individuals. These hostels are described as small-scale
      projects close to the original district in which the patients had grown up, the
      ultimate aim being the social integration of the inmates. The hostels in question
      were erected as homesteads for mentally handicapped adults who are mainly engaged
      in working in a sheltered workshop. The working principles are described,
      followed by an outline of the development of homesteads in the Federal Republic,
      listing the available capacities and future requirements. In addition, legal
      pointers are also given, besides a description of aspects of financing and
      constructional problems and of the tasks of residents and staff. From the
      description of a few essential structural and conceptional problems in this
      field, the article arrives at important demands to be made in future to both
      government and society. The article then points out the possibilities of
      continuing to set up suitable hostels for mentally handicapped adults in spite of
      strained financial budgets of the state and of the local communities. In the
      author's opinion, chances are offered by improving the cooperation between
      building societies and communities to ensure adequate housing in accordance with
      regional requirements.

PMID- 4059448
TI  - [Psychosocial counseling in pediatric practice--report of experiences].
AB  - The authors report on the activities of a female consultant with psychosocial
      orientation acting within the framework of a practising lady paediatrician's
      medical activities. The paediatrician refers patients or families to the social
      sciences consultant who studied paedagogics, sociology and psychology and who is
      so to say part of the paediatric consultation work. This amounts to an approach
      to an integrated type of treatment. It is an attempt to extend the old
      therapeutic concept of "disease", which has been mainly directed at cure and at
      treating the human organism, via practical interaction between various fields of
      human activity. Paediatric medicine lends itself quite easily to such an approach
      on the basis of experience collected in the course of time. The authors give a
      systematised description of the consultant practice, showing the boundary-lines
      of competencies. A few practical cases are outlined. The authors consider this
      set-up as an attempt to effect structural improvements of general medical care.

PMID- 4059449
TI  - Some principles of sensory analysis.

PMID- 4059450
TI  - Unethical decisions: the impact of reinforcement contingencies and managerial
      philosophies.

PMID- 4059451
TI  - Differences in the time or frequency of meals, alcohol and caffeine ingestion,
      and smoking found between 'morning' and 'evening' types.

PMID- 4059452
TI  - Beyond medicine: healing power in the doctor-patient relationship.

PMID- 4059453
TI  - Health concerns of adolescents: impact of family status, sex, family size, and
      birth order.

PMID- 4059454
TI  - Similarity of personalities of flight instructors and student-pilots: effect on
      flight training time.

PMID- 4059455
TI  - Relationship of trait anxiety to self-esteem of children in grades 4, 5, and 6.

PMID- 4059456
TI  - Comparison of self-reports and clinicians' ratings of unipolar major depression.

PMID- 4059457
TI  - Periodicity as a principle of organization in behavior.

PMID- 4059458
TI  - Patterns of thought disorder: overinclusion and overexclusion in schizophrenics,
      manics, and other psychopathological groups.

PMID- 4059459
TI  - Classical conditioning of the arterial pressor response.

PMID- 4059460
TI  - Stress and depression in high school students.

PMID- 4059461
TI  - College students' perceptions of psychiatrists, psychologists, and social
      workers: a comparison.

PMID- 4059462
TI  - Preparatory procedures for videotaped feedback to improve social skills.

PMID- 4059463
TI  - Measuring nonpathological compulsiveness.

PMID- 4059464
TI  - Higher-order analysis of 16 PF scores: an alternative method.

PMID- 4059465
TI  - Placebo-like effects of education about behavior therapy.

PMID- 4059466
TI  - Structural analysis of the MMPI and the 16 PF.

PMID- 4059467
TI  - Sleep in industrialized settings in the northern hemisphere.

PMID- 4059468
TI  - Modifying the Beck Depression Inventory: reply to Vredenburg, Krames, and Flett.

PMID- 4059469
TI  - Relationship between study in psychology and conceptualization of mental illness.

PMID- 4059470
TI  - Alcohol and aggression: a validation study of the Taylor aggression paradigm.

PMID- 4059471
TI  - Use of Bayesian inference in decision making in an institution or residential
      treatment center, a clinical note.

PMID- 4059472
TI  - Superiority of global features in classification and matching.

PMID- 4059473
TI  - The role of prior context in the comprehension of abstract and concrete
      sentences.

PMID- 4059474
TI  - Weekly monitoring of dexamethasone suppression response in depression: its
      relationship to change of body weight and psychopathology.
AB  - Weekly dexamethasone suppression tests (DST) were performed in 19 hospitalized
      patients with major depressive disorder, endogenous subtype, and who had an
      abnormal DST at admission. Depression scores (Hamilton Rating Scale) and weight
      changes were collected by investigators who were blind to the test results. Major
      findings were: (1) the DST gradually normalized 3-4 weeks prior to full
      resolution of clinical symptomatology; (2) weight loss was an important patient
      variable which may have contributed to false positive DST results; however, the
      positive correlation between changes in DST results and changes in depression
      scores in all our patients with or without weight loss suggests that
      psychopathological factors other than weight change participate in the
      development of dexamethasone resistance in depression; (3) the low dose (1 mg)
      version of the test requires careful control of minor medical disturbances, which
      can make the test result ambiguous. The data suggest that after resolution of
      some methodological issues the DST may serve as a valuable laboratory test to
      monitor clinical progress during drug treatment.

PMID- 4059475
TI  - Number of cortisol time-points and dexamethasone suppression test sensitivity for
      major depression.
AB  - Failure to suppress cortisol secretion after administration of dexamethasone has
      been reported to be a diagnostic marker for major depression and to have
      prognostic implications when repeated after antidepressant treatment. The
      pulsatile pattern of cortisol secretion suggested to us that increasing the
      number of post-dexamethasone cortisol determinations might significantly increase
      the sensitivity of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) for major depression.
      With a conventional two-point DST (1600 h and midnight), 5% of 20 normal
      volunteers, 8% of 13 inpatients with non-major depressions, and 31% of 65
      inpatients with primary major depression failed to suppress. With six post
      dexamethasone points (0800 h, 1200 h, 1600 h, 2000 h, 2200 h, midnight), the
      respective percentages were 10, 15 and 44%. The additional points increased the
      sensitivity from 31 to 44%, mostly by identifying more major depressives with a
      "late escape" pattern. If a clinician is using the DST to establish a marker for
      major depression that can be repeated to monitor response to treatment and the
      likelihood of relapse, then perhaps the increased sensitivity of the six-point
      DST would be helpful, despite a modest decrease in specificity from 94 to 88%.

PMID- 4059476
TI  - Estrogen formation in the developing rat brain: sex differences in aromatase
      activity during early post-natal life.
AB  - Aromatase activity in the brain of the rat was measured during perinatal
      development and in adulthood. In pooled hypothalamus, preoptic area, septum and
      amygdala (HPAS), estrogen formation per gram protein increased between embryonic
      days 15 and 19 and then declined. Results for males and females were
      indistinguishable, except for post-natal days 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 when estrogen
      formation was significantly higher in the male. Aromatization was not
      convincingly demonstrated in cerebral cortical tissue at any time studied.
      Regional dissection of the HPAS in 2-3 day post-natal animals revealed
      significant sex differences in aromatase activity in the corticomedial amygdala
      and the hypothalamus, but not in the preoptic-septal region or the remainder of
      the amygdala. These results are consistent with the idea that perinatal androgen
      secretion in the male rat may stimulate estrogen formation in the brain.

PMID- 4059477
TI  - Task-induced ST segment depression, ectopic beats, and autonomic responses in
      coronary heart disease patients.
AB  - The relationship between psychologically induced autonomic responses, ST segment
      depression, and ectopy was examined in patients with coronary artery disease
      (CAD) and controls. Both groups underwent a battery of performance tasks and
      interviews. Performance tasks were selected to yield predictable sympathetic and
      vagal responses. Autonomic activation in response to stimuli was documented using
      heart rate, blood pressure, and vascular indices. ST segment depression was
      observed in a significant portion of the sample. In subjects with CAD, ST segment
      depression, but not ectopy, was specifically associated with mental arithmetic.
      In this task, autonomic changes occurred, suggesting beta sympathetic activation.
      The prevalence of ST segment depression during mental arithmetic declined when a
      task-inducing brief, phasic vagal activation was combined with the mental
      arithmetic. Ectopic beats were not associated with a specific task among either
      patients or controls. The results supported the importance of psychologically
      induced autonomic response for the precipitation and inhibition of ST segment
      depression in patients with CAD.

PMID- 4059478
TI  - The ischemic heart disease life stress monitoring program: impact on mortality.
AB  - Based on evidence that life stress is a precursor of ischemic heart disease
      episodes, a randomized control trial of a stress monitoring and intervention
      program was instituted involving 453 male myocardial infarction patients. Program
      patients were monitored monthly by telephone for 1 year using the General Health
      Questionnaire. Whenever a patient's score rose above a critical level, he
      received a variety of interventions aimed at stress reduction. Results showed
      that the treated group registered a greater decline in stress scores than
      controls and, although rehospitalizations and their durations did not differ,
      there were significantly fewer deaths in the monitored group. It is suggested
      that stress-relieving programs may have a greater impact in reducing cardiac
      deaths than in preventing nonlethal coronary episodes.

PMID- 4059479
TI  - Children's adrenocortical responses to classroom activities and tests in
      elementary school.
AB  - Levels of free-cortisol excreted by second-grade children during two morning
      hours on regular school days were compared with levels on days that achievement
      tests were administered. Cortisol excretion was significantly higher on test days
      than on normal school days but was not related to the children's self-reports of
      test anxiety. Children who were slightly above average in intelligence and
      children who were low achievers were found to have elevated cortisol levels.
      Sixty-eight percent of the variance in free-cortisol excretion was accounted for
      by the child's popularity with peers, hostility to the teacher, and on-task
      behaviors. The usefulness of measuring adrenocortisol responses to stress in the
      classroom was demonstrated.

PMID- 4059480
TI  - Self-attention, life stress, and illness: a prospective study.
AB  - Using a prospective design, this study examined the hypothesis that a
      predisposition to focus on internal aspects of the self serves as a stress
      resistance resource. One hundred and twenty subjects filled out the Private Self
      Consciousness inventory, a schedule of recent life events and a symptom
      checklist. Two months later they were asked again to report life events and
      symptoms that had occurred in the interval. Data were analyzed by means of
      hierarchical panel analysis. The results showed, consistent with the hypothesis,
      that incidence of stressful life events predicted subsequent illness among
      persons low in private self-consciousness but not in persons high in private self
      consciousness. It is proposed that the tendency on the part of persons low in
      private self-consciousness to disattend to their psychologic and somatic
      reactions to stressful life events and to fail to take corrective actions may
      lead to lowered body resistance over time and hence increase their susceptibility
      to physical illness. The results are interpreted as consistent with Schwartz's
      concept of disregulation and control systems analysis of health behavior and
      Leventhal's work on the role of internal monitoring for coping with stress.

PMID- 4059481
TI  - The concepts of axis syndromes 1965-1983.
AB  - The first purpose of the paper is to sketch the development of the concept of
      axial syndromes, starting with the generation of the hypotheses in Berner's
      monograph on 'The paranoiac syndrome' published in 1965 and leading to the last
      formulation of the Viennese Research Criteria in 1983. The second purpose is to
      draw the attention on a series of empirical studies which have been undertaken in
      order to evaluate the classificatory validity of the concept, studies dealing
      with the long-term course of paranoid psychoses (both in a retrospective and a
      prospective design) and secondary cases of different diagnostic classes in the
      families of the same patients (first-degree relatives).

PMID- 4059483
TI  - Psychopathology of basic stages of schizophrenia in view of formal thought
      disturbances.
AB  - Psychopathological, nosological, and prognostic aspects of basic stages and basic
      symptoms, in particular consideration of formal thought disorders, are outlined.
      In view of the far-reaching overlap of the psychopathological pictures of the pre
      und postpsychotic basic stages a Bonn Scale for the Assessment of Basic Symptoms
      (BSABS) including all types of basic stages was constructed. Subjective cognitive
      thought disorders were recorded from 69% of the patients in pure defective
      states, from 78% in postpsychotic reversible basic stages and from 67% in
      prodromes. In contrast to incoherence of thoughts, including the symptoms of the
      endogenomorphic-schizophrenic axial syndrome (Berner), these thought disorders
      are registered only on the basis of the reports of the patients and not through
      observation by the investigator. The difference between subjective and objective
      thought disorders is presumably only conditioned primarily by differences in the
      degree and secondarily by the psychopathological quality of the disorders. If the
      criteria concerning formal thought disorders and affective blunting of the
      schizophrenic axial syndrome or of SANS (Andreasen) are fulfilled, as a rule the
      patient loses the ability of perceiving, communicating, and coping with the
      disorders, and at the same time there is a break from an only quantitative to a
      qualitative abnormal phenomenon. The presence or absence of subjective or
      objective formal thought disorders in the beginning of the disease had no
      significant influence on the long-term outcome in the main sample of the Bonn
      study. Proceeding from the initial psychopathological syndromes 54% of the female
      hebephrenics with the most unfavorable long-term prognosis showed incoherence of
      thoughts in the first 2 years of the illness; in contrast, incoherence was seen
      in only 16% of the male hebephrenics for whom the long-term outcome did not
      differ from that of the whole sample. This and other data of the Bonn
      schizophrenia study seem to argue in favor of the assumption that typical
      incoherence of thoughts might be valuated as a criterion of unfavorable prognosis
      only when the phenomenon appears within the context of a hebephrenic initial
      syndrome in the beginning of the schizophrenic disease.

PMID- 4059482
TI  - Berner's axial syndromes and the polydiagnostic approach of the LICET system.
AB  - The LICET system is a polydiagnostic instrument permitting recording of
      diagnostic criteria and assignment by diagnostic algorithms as proposed in a
      number of different classification systems, including the Viennese Research
      Criteria. In the present report, French diagnostic practices are compared with
      the Viennese Research Criteria for endogenomorphic-schizophrenic and
      endogenomorphic-cyclothymic axial syndromes.

PMID- 4059484
TI  - Clinical evaluation of language and thought disorders in patients with
      schizophrenic and affective psychoses.
AB  - 56 patients with RDC diagnoses of schizophrenia (n = 40) and mania (n = 16) were
      interviewed with a structured interviewing procedure. The evaluation was
      performed by 2 raters who were blind for diagnosis. Two instruments were used for
      evaluation concerning thought and language disorders: the 'Scale for Assessment
      of Thought, Language and Communication' developed by Andreasen and the
      'Endogenomorphic Schizophrenic Axial Syndrome' by Berner with its emphasis on
      thought disorders. The interrater reliability for both instruments was found to
      be good to acceptable for the essential items. A comparison of the frequency of
      thought disorders according to the two different instruments showed an occurrence
      of derailment and incoherence of the Andreasen scale in both diagnostic groups,
      while thought disorders of the schizophrenic axial syndrome were represented only
      in the group of schizophrenics. This is because in contrast to the Andreasen
      scale, the presence of pressure of speech is considered as an exclusion criterion
      for the schizophrenic axial syndrome. Thus, thought disorders according to the
      schizophrenic axial syndrome are seen to possess diagnostic significance.

PMID- 4059485
TI  - Nosological status of endogenous anxiety: 'anxious thymopathy' revisited.
AB  - In 1950 Lopez Ibor described a nosological entity called anxious thymopathy
      ('timopatia ansiosa'). The origin of his description was the observation of
      recoveries of neurotic patients during psychotherapy which were not directly
      related to the psychodynamic process. Such a spontaneous fading of neurotic
      anxiety was suspected to be of an endogenous character. This led to the
      description of a vital anxiety, a mood disturbance similar to Schneider's [1950]
      vital sadness present in endogenous depressions. Normal and pathological (vital)
      anxiety were thought to be different, vital anxiety having a biological origin,
      so that biological treatment was applied to it. In the course of the years, Lopez
      Ibor came to the conclusion that anxious thymopathy was not an independent
      nosological entity, rather that vital (also called endothymic) anxiety was an
      element present in all forms of neurotic disorders integrated with personality
      and biographical factors. This research led to the concept of neuroses as mood
      disorders [Lopez Ibor, 1966].

PMID- 4059486
TI  - Switch from depression to mania--a record study over decades between 1920 and
      1982.
AB  - A representative sample of 908 hospital records covering admissions between 1920
      and 1982 for depression was analyzed in order to assess the switch rate to
      hypomania/mania. The results are the following: (1) Over the decades of this
      century there has been a substantial increase in hospital admissions in Zurich
      for both depression and mania, but the ratio remained constant. (2) Due to this
      increase the clinicians can observe more spontaneous switches from depression to
      mania, which favors the assumption of a causal relationship when treatment is
      applied. (3) 64 of the 908 patients (7.0%) admitted for depression switched to
      hypomania or mania. Hypomania was observed in 48 cases (5.3%) and mania in 16
      cases (1.7%). (4) The analysis of predisposing factors to a switch has resulted
      in a simple finding. Bipolar patients (including schizomanics) have an 8-fold
      higher switch rate (28.9%) than the unipolars (3.7%). The switchers are equally
      distributed over the two sexes and do not differ in the frequency of a family
      history of affective psychoses, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders, or
      suicide. (5) Bipolarity correlates positively with 'higher number of previous
      episodes', with 'readmitted' and with 'switch'. Therefore, studies selecting
      readmissions [Lewis and Winokur 1982] overrepresent switchers purposely. (6) A
      loglinear analysis together with some univariate strategies show that over the
      decades (from 1920 to 1982) there was no significant increase in switches of
      unipolar or bipolar patients. In conclusion, there is no evidence for a treatment
      induced switch. This result is in line with Prien et al. [1973] and with Lewis
      and Winokur [1982].

PMID- 4059487
TI  - The influence of depression on the outcome of cardiac phobia (panic disorder).
AB  - In a prospectively constructed study 29 patients with cardiac phobia were
      examined prior to hospitalization and again after a follow-up period of 2.5
      years. When first examined a high percentage (82.8%) of these patients showed a
      depression in addition to suffering from anxiety symptoms. The findings
      demonstrate that an additional affective disorder constitutes a prognostically
      unfavorable factor, particularly in the case of a 'secondary' depression.
      Compared with patients suffering from a 'primary' depression these patients more
      frequently exhibited a chronic course of the depression (at the 1% level of
      significance) and had a significantly smaller chance of being free of
      cardiophobic complaint (p = 0.002) at the last examination. An attempt to
      categorize cardiac phobia according to DSM-III revealed that the present
      classification does not provide a satisfactory solution. The frequent presence of
      a depression in these patients strongly indicates that a clarification of the
      controversial opinions which continue to exist with regard to a linkage between
      depressive disorders and anxiety disorders would need further research; in such
      studies it would seem preferable not to employ a hierarchic classification
      procedure, in view of the fact that all cross-sectional psychopathological
      symptoms should be taken into consideration. Our findings also point to the
      advisability of paying closer attention to course traits in studying this
      question.

PMID- 4059488
TI  - Ulcerative colitis: a cyclothymic disorder?
AB  - While psychogenic aspects in ulcerative colitis have been comprehensively
      studied, much less attention has been given to sequence and interaction of
      psychic and somatic factors in psychopathological description. Onset of
      schizoaffective and cyclothymic symptomatology in 20 ulcerative colitis patients
      proved to occur only after somatic manifestation. As later on organic and psychic
      relapse never occurred simultaneously, further discussion should be centered on
      two points: Does schizoaffective cyclothymic axial syndrome occur separately from
      ulcerative colitis manifestation? Or is there a common etiological, pathogenic
      base for both somatic and psychic symptoms?

PMID- 4059489
TI  - The scientific status of neurotic depression.
AB  - The concept of neurotic depression was introduced in the early part of the 20th
      century. The concept has undergone many revisions, and recently was discontinued
      as a category in the DSM-III. In the past, neurotic depression was referred to as
      a nonpsychotic form of depression, a nonendogenous depression, as well as many
      other categories. The presence of various meanings has made it difficult to
      develop algorithms for neurotic depression; the findings substantiate the
      decision of the DSM-III not to continue the category of neurotic depression.

PMID- 4059490
TI  - Chronophrenia--a new syndrome in functional psychoses.
AB  - The author describes the 12-year history of a functional (endogenous) psychosis
      in a 25-year-old woman and the subsequent full social remission. The central
      symptom in the case history is the delusion that the patient has already lived
      through this life once. This delusion appears as the experience of reduplication,
      differing from that of deja vu, based on mental automatism. It is accompanied by
      euphoria and the distortion of the future time perspective. The hypothesis of a
      disorder in the function of the limbic system arises as a possible
      pathophysiological explanation. Schizophrenic symptoms were absent and no defect
      was formed. This previously unknown syndrome presented by the use of the
      idiographic method may contribute to the widening of nomothetic nosological
      research.

PMID- 4059491
TI  - On the nosology of post-partum psychoses.
AB  - The author discusses whether post-partum psychoses are to be considered as a
      clinical entity per se. The studies conducted in Lausanne seem to demonstrate
      that the authors of DSM III were correct in excluding this possibility - of all
      the patients with a post partum episode, 65% had one or several relapses without
      connection with the puerperium.

PMID- 4059492
TI  - Are mental disorders increasing over time?
AB  - The impression that the prevalence of mental disorder has been increasing during
      the last decades is only partially justified. The considerable increase in the
      demand for psychiatric and psychotherapeutic help is influenced by quite a number
      of factors that vary in nature and direction. The most essential contribution was
      made by changes in the age composition of the population - and here primarily by
      the growing number of mentally ill elderly persons - and by the enormous increase
      in life expectancy. In milder psychiatric disorder the increase in the
      utilization of medical help is mainly due to new ways of treatment and to the
      great enlargement of psychiatric and psychotherapeutic services in most
      industrial countries, for which the zeitgeist of transition from a predominance
      of natural science to a more psychological understanding of life forms the
      background. Civilizational factors in a closer sense, like the raising of the
      achievement level for school beginners or alterations in the threshold of
      tolerance between mental illness needing medical intervention and mental
      suffering to be borne with submission to God's will, play an essential role
      particularly for the widening of the disease concept and thus for changes in the
      frequency of certain deficits of achievement and feeling, such as 'reading
      disorder' or depressive states. The fact that the age-corrected risk of falling
      ill with schizophrenia has remained stable over many decades - wherever it could
      be investigated - does not point to a relation with variable environmental
      factors like industrialization, civilization or social order. In contrast with
      this disease in a closer sense, the rates of psychiatrically relevant forms of
      deviant behaviour - suicidal attempts, drug- and alcohol-related disorders - show
      rapidly changing upward and downward variations. Thus, they are more comparable
      to criminality rates that vary over time and culture. There is obviously a
      relation between changes in the frequency of deviant behaviour and changing
      patterns of values in society, such as the reduction of educational intensity and
      the commitment of adolescents to norms and convictions of their parents. This is
      why the most distinct changes in these rates occur at the age most accessible to
      contemporary or fashionable influences: in youth and younger adult age. Except
      for age-related changes, we do not seem to have become more ill than the
      generation of our parents, but more pessimistic.

PMID- 4059493
TI  - Specificity and nonspecificity--a major problem in biologically oriented
      psychopathology.
AB  - In the hope of discovering simple disease entities that could permit specific
      treatment, much effort is currently directed toward the operationalization of
      psychopathological syndromes. As a necessary supplement to these endeavors, the
      pathophysiological aspect is emphasized in this study. The nonspecificity of
      pathophysiological mechanisms with reference to psychiatric syndromes is
      illustrated using the example of inhibition of the orienting reaction in
      schizophrenia and depression. It is demonstrated that these mechanisms are
      meaningful for therapy despite their nosologic nonspecificity.

PMID- 4059494
TI  - Psychiatric syndromes from a clinical and a biostatistical point of view.
AB  - Syndromes are typical combinations of symptoms. They may be conceived at
      different levels of complexity, intuitively from a clinical point of view and
      objectively by means of factor- or cluster-analyses. Primary factors of symptom
      scores obtained with the aid of psychiatric rating scales represent syndromes of
      low complexity, secondary factors represent syndromes of higher complexity. The
      highest level is achieved by rotating only the first factors extracted from the
      matrix of intercorrelations among primary factors of psychopathology. Principal
      component analysis of 12 Inpatient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale factors
      that reflect the psychopathological states at admission of 1,080 psychotic
      inpatients yielded the highly complex endogenomorphic syndromes of schizophrenic
      and manic-depressive symptomatology, respectively, in a two-factor solution.
      These syndromes were cut down to lower order syndromes in the four-factor
      solution resulting from rotation according to the conventional Kaiser criterion.
      They represent a syndrome of psychotic excitement, a paranoid-hallucinatory
      syndrome, a syndrome of endogenomorphic (retarded) depression and a syndrome of
      organic symptomatology. The different factor solutions may be useful for
      describing psychopathological phenoma objectively at different levels of
      complexity.

PMID- 4059495
TI  - Toward the development of operational criteria of differentiated mental states.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to discuss possibilities for developing operational
      criteria in psychopathological states and to identify the parameters that
      differentiate psychotic patients. Statistical analysis was performed in the first
      step with the aid of factor analysis with extraction of syndromatic
      characteristics of so-called psychopathological basis syndromes. By cluster
      analysis in the second step we found out more approaches to a differentiated
      definition of psychotic states. The classification of individuals into 'natural'
      and not preestablished groups enabled the construction of descriptive
      psychopathological algorithms to determine ICD-9 diagnosis within the limitations
      of descriptive psychiatry.

PMID- 4059496
TI  - [Psychosomatic-internal medicine cooperation in the medical polyclinic-
      experiences with an unselected patient sample].

PMID- 4059497
TI  - [Physician perception in headache patients].

PMID- 4059498
TI  - [Stress and type-A behavior, risk factors for coronary disease? A critical
      inventory].

PMID- 4059499
TI  - Diagnosis and clinical management of post-stroke depression.

PMID- 4059500
TI  - PMS treatment approaches and progesterone therapy.

PMID- 4059501
TI  - Extent of teaching of psychosocial medicine in Canadian medical schools.

PMID- 4059502
TI  - Thioridazine retinopathy within the upper dosage limit.

PMID- 4059503
TI  - Tuberculosis--certainly not a disease of the past!

PMID- 4059504
TI  - Tuberculous peritonitis--report of 30 cases and review of the literature.
AB  - In this retrospective study, clinical presentation of peritoneal tuberculosis in
      an area with a high prevalence of tuberculosis is discussed. Thirty cases
      diagnosed in an eight-year period are presented. The disease was 2.3 times more
      common in females. Eighty per cent of the patients were less than 40 years old.
      Excluding two cases of long duration (one year and three years), mean duration of
      the symptoms before admission was 2.3 months. Fever, abdominal pain, swelling and
      weight loss were the main symptoms. Ascites was clinically detected in 80 per
      cent of cases. Intermediate strength PPD tuberculin skin test was positive in 61
      per cent of cases. In 57.7 per cent there was radiologic evidence of
      pleuropulmonary disease suggestive of tuberculosis. Fourteen of 15 ascitic fluids
      examined were exudative in nature with predominance of lymphocytes. In the
      majority of patients diagnosis was proven with laparotomy and laparoscopy (12
      cases in each group). In the remainder, tissue for diagnosis was obtained through
      blind peritoneal needle biopsy, percutaneous biopsy of liver and peripheral lymph
      node biopsy (two cases with each method).

PMID- 4059505
TI  - Gastrointestinal tuberculosis: a retrospective review of 109 cases in a district
      general hospital.
AB  - In a retrospective survey of 109 patients with gastrointestinal tuberculosis, 91
      occurred in immigrants of Asian origin, six were diagnosed at post-mortem, and
      only 31 had evidence of pulmonary disease. Abdominal pain, weight loss, fever and
      vomiting were the most common symptoms. Barium contrast studies showed
      abnormalities in 56 per cent of cases but these could not be distinguished from
      the changes caused by other chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. Drug treatment
      was used in all patients, combined with biopsy in 37 and resection in 36. Results
      of treatment were good with low morbidity and mortality, there were few long-term
      problems and no relapses have occurred.

PMID- 4059506
TI  - Duodenitis: a clinical, endoscopic and histopathologic study.
AB  - In 219 subjects who presented with dyspepsia the findings of serial endoscopies
      and mucosal biopsies ranged over periods from three to 12 months (48.9 per cent)
      and three to 36 months (51.1 per cent) were studied. The minimum number of
      endoscopies per subject was four. One hundred and sixty-three subjects had one or
      more periods of treatment with cimetidine. One hundred and thirty-five had a
      pentagastrin-stimulated maximal acid output measurement. At the initial endoscopy
      78 subjects had either non-erosive or erosive duodenitis but no ulcer: 48 per
      cent of these ultimately developed an ulcer. By the final endoscopy three to 36
      months after the initial one, 81.8 per cent of the 219 had shown an ulcer crater
      at one or more endoscopy examinations. Erosive duodenitis on 276 occasions, was
      more common than non-erosive duodenitis on 187 occasions. Erosive duodenitis is
      significantly associated with a raised acid secretory capacity. Serial
      endoscopies reveal a permutation of association between the different degrees of
      duodenitis and the presence of one or more ulcer crater. The commonest
      permutations are non-erosive duodenitis or erosive duodenitis or ulcer (30.1 per
      cent) and erosive duodenitis or ulcer (23.7 per cent). Ulcer without duodenitis
      at any time was only seen in 8.2 per cent and duodenitis without an ulcer at any
      time in 18.3 per cent. Treatment with cimetidine resulted in healing of ulcer
      craters in 68.5 per cent but resolution of the duodenitis was observed in only
      28.1 per cent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4059507
TI  - Outlook after an acute stroke: urinary incontinence and loss of consciousness
      compared in 532 patients.
AB  - Data from a sample of 532 patients seen within seven days of an acute stroke has
      been analysed to compare the prognostic importance of urinary incontinence with
      that of a history of any depression of consciousness. Urinary incontinence was
      more specific and had a higher predictive value. Considering conscious patients
      with moderate or severe initial disability, after six months 53 per cent of
      incontinent patients had died and 57 per cent of the survivors were still
      moderately or severely disabled whereas only 19 per cent of continent patients
      had died and 80 per cent of survivors made a good recovery. We conclude that
      early urinary incontinence is an important indicator of poor prognosis,
      identifying patients who may need extra attention.

PMID- 4059508
TI  - [Validity of the ABAC II system: applicability in the hospital laboratory and
      verification of breakpoint concentrations in the determination of antibiotic
      sensitivity].
AB  - Two different sensitivity testing methods were evaluated on 183 bacterial strains
      of Gram-negative clinical isolates in relation to 13 antimicrobial drugs.
      Comparison between both methods: conventional technique of disk diffusion (Kirby
      Bauer) and the automated ABAC breakpoints system, has shown a good agreement of
      the results (91.1%) according to several investigators. The authors analyze the
      role of ABAC system and its achievement in routine work of a medium
      bacteriological hospital laboratory.

PMID- 4059509
TI  - [Evaluation of the comparative relationship between HbA1 and HbA1c in subjects
      with OGTT type diabetes and in normal subjects].
AB  - The authors investigated if significantly high glycosylated hemoglobin and
      glycosylated hemoglobin c levels are present in patients with impaired glucose
      tolerance tested with oral glucose tolerance test. The patients with impaired
      glucose tolerance presented higher, but non significantly, glycosylated
      hemoglobin levels then normal subjects.

PMID- 4059511
TI  - Postural changes in hepatic plasma flow in patients with chronic active liver
      disease. Use of bromosulphthalein loading test without hepatic venous
      catheterization.

PMID- 4059510
TI  - [The Autobac MTS system].
AB  - The Autobac MTS is a semiautomatic modular system for the screening of urine
      cultures and the execution of both antibiogram and MIC. The principle on which
      these tests are based is that of turbidimetry. In this note, the authors examine
      in detail the determination of MIC, that is based on utilisation of the
      regression lines equation. The method used by Autobac has a greater precision
      than the break-point method. This fact is mostly due to the possibility of
      standardizing inoculum. The authors conclude that, on the ground of their
      experience, the MIC method always some disagreement with the literature for the
      tested antibiotics (aminoglycosides).

PMID- 4059512
TI  - [Evaluation of a semiautomatic system (ABAC-ABACTOR III) for the identification
      of Enterobacteriaceae].
AB  - ABAC-ABACTOR II system has been compared with two conventional methods
      (Enterotube II and MS-2) for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae. Our
      findings demonstrate the validity and the reproducibility of the identification
      obtained with this system.

PMID- 4059513
TI  - [Antiglobulin test using an immunoenzyme method].
AB  - An enzyme-linked antiglobulin test (ELAT) is described. All reagents are
      commercially available. The antiglobulin reagent is a monoclonal anti-IgG
      conjugated with alkaline phosphatase. The substrate (p-nitrophenylphosphate) is
      stable and innocuous. The procedure requires long incubations, particularly
      between red cells and the enzyme-conjugated antibody. However most of the time
      actively spent by the technician is consumed by washing procedures (LAV). These
      may be avoided by using density gradient centrifugation (CSG). ELAT is
      significantly more sensitive than agglutination, using either washing or gradient
      centrifugation (P = 0.002 and P = 0.0005, respectively). Moreover ELAT-CSG is
      significantly more sensitive than ELAT-LAV (P = 0.03). CSG yields better
      reproducibility and probably avoids some of the spontaneous elution of the
      primary and/or secondary antibody which may occur during washing.

PMID- 4059514
TI  - Direct progesterone RIA employing magnetizable charcoal.

PMID- 4059516
TI  - Estimation of membrane fluidity of X-irradiated human lymphocytes.

PMID- 4059515
TI  - [Relation of the dosage from point-shaped 192Ir sources to angle and its effect
      on dosage in different irradiation plans in afterloading therapy].

PMID- 4059517
TI  - [Pathogenetic significance of TDT-positive lymphocytes in lymphogranulomatosis].

PMID- 4059518
TI  - Contribution to some radiobiological aspects of the investigation of chemical
      radiosensitizers of hypoxic cells. I. Basic characteristics of an experimental
      model of induced hypoxia of the lower part of the body evoked by the abdomen
      compression in rats.

PMID- 4059519
TI  - [Clinical experiences with the use of metronidazole in the radiotherapy of cancer
      patients].

PMID- 4059520
TI  - [Postradiogenic effect in liver tissue of patients with stomach cancer after
      radiosensitization with metronidazole].

PMID- 4059521
TI  - [Effect of 4-nitroimidazole (iso-metronidazole) on the radiation-induced growth
      retardation and therapeutic quotient of transplanted tumors].

PMID- 4059522
TI  - [Serum ferritin level in blood and plasma donors].

PMID- 4059523
TI  - [Capture and processing of sample changer data using a computer-based 4-channel
      computing station].

PMID- 4059524
TI  - [Registration and fitting of exponential function curves in nuclear medicine].

PMID- 4059525
TI  - MRI and CT of the mediastinum: comparisons, controversies, and pitfalls.
AB  - The evolving roles of MR and CT in mediastinal imaging are of keen interest to
      both the radiologist and the clinician. This article has illustrated the
      usefulness of both CT and MRI in evaluating the mediastinum. The potential
      pitfalls and limitations of each modality have been reiterated to help gain a
      perspective for further application of these technologies. Although MRI has a
      completely different physical basis compared with CT, current (proton) imaging is
      still predominantly an anatomic study. If one focuses on the image quality and
      the information gain (see Table 1), as has been appropriately done in comparison
      studies, MRI and CT are roughly equivalent imaging techniques. At present,
      however, technical and economic factors combine to mitigate against MRI. MRI will
      need to be clearly better than CT to overcome those disadvantages. The two major
      advantages of MRI, absence of ionizing radiation and lack of necessity for
      intravenous contrast material, are not important enough factors for most clinical
      imaging situations. Because of its current disadvantages, primarily the length of
      examination time, MRI serves predominantly as a second-order problem-solving
      technique in the mediastinum. CT currently maintains its role as the examination
      of choice for performing tomography of the mediastinum in the overwhelming
      majority of clinical situations.

PMID- 4059526
TI  - Gated magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of cardiac function and
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - Gated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising noninvasive imaging
      modality capable of evaluating cardiac function and blood flow in the great
      vessels. MRI detects acute and chronic myocardial infarctions in experimental
      animals and in man.

PMID- 4059527
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine: applications and limitations.
AB  - MRI is a unique, noninvasive imaging modality that has already received wide
      application in the evaluation of abnormalities involving the spinal axis. It is
      the procedure of choice in the evaluation of suspected syringomyelia, Chiari
      malformation, and disk space infection. MRI is the only imaging modality
      presently capable of imaging multiple sclerosis plaques involving the spinal cord
      and is the only noninvasive modality that can diagnose nonherniated degenerated
      disks. MRI may provide valuable information in degenerative diseases of the
      spine, tumors of the spinal axis, and other congenital abnormalities, as either a
      primary or adjuvant imaging modality. Further investigation is needed to define
      the role of MRI in the evaluation of the traumatized and postoperative spine.
      Surface coil techniques hold promise in alleviating the present shortcomings of
      MRI, which are related primarily to slice thickness and attendant partial volume
      averaging. Chemical shift imaging may also be useful in accentuating subtle
      contrast differences between tissues and therefore highlighting abnormalities.

PMID- 4059528
TI  - Maintaining standards of excellence in radiologic technology admissions:
      directions for future research on selection predictors.
AB  - The continuing decline in the number of applicants to radiologic technology
      educational programs is beginning to stress the traditional standards of
      excellence in admissions. To maintain standards, it is imperative that reliable
      predictors are developed to assess the full potential for success of all
      individuals in the restricted applicant pool. This article reviews the research
      done with noncognitive measures, identifies those that increase predictive
      efficiency, and proposes directions for future research in this area.

PMID- 4059529
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging: the basic physical and clinical concepts. Part II.
AB  - Noninvasive evaluation of the human body has become an essential tool in the
      diagnosis of disease processes. Recent developments in nuclear magnetic resonance
      imaging (MRI) have extended a powerful chemical analytic technique to the medical
      imaging field. This article presents the fundamental principles of MRI in terms
      of the concept of transmission and reception of energy. The physical principles
      of spin resonance were discussed in Part I. Spin relaxation and pulse sequences
      will be examined in Part II and III. A selected bibliography directs the reader
      to a more detailed discussion of the pertinent physics.

PMID- 4059530
TI  - Evaluation of a tissue-equivalent phantom for general radiography.

PMID- 4059531
TI  - X-ray waveform monitoring for radiographic quality control.
AB  - Noninvasive monitoring of x-ray output waveforms during acceptance testing,
      quality of control, and troubleshooting is beneficial in an ongoing radiographic
      quality assurance program. The intent of waveform monitoring is to watch for
      abnormalities that provide additional information about the condition of the x
      ray system. Because waveform monitoring is performed generally in conjunction
      with other quality control procedures, few, if any, additional exposures are
      needed and length of the testing time is affected minimally. In six years of
      experience with acceptance testing, quality control, and troubleshooting on more
      than 160 radiographic and fluoroscopic units, noninvasive waveform monitoring has
      detected numerous abnormalities that would have affected image quality, generator
      calibration, and equipment life.

PMID- 4059532
TI  - [X-ray diagnostic concept of spondylodiscitis].
AB  - The destructive discovertebral lesions of ankylosing spondylitis are discussed.
      Their evaluation in the literature is compared with the newer histologic and
      radiologic results. The X-ray findings in rheumatoid arthritis are also
      presented. Using radiographs from 16 of our own patients suffering from
      ankylosing spondylitis and 5 with rheumatoid arthritis, we analyze the
      radiological appearances in question.

PMID- 4059533
TI  - [Information value of x-ray computed tomography for the detection and control of
      spondylitis].
AB  - The information content of early bone changes in computed tomography (CT) of
      pyogenic non-tuberculous spondylitis and spinal tuberculosis is analysed. The CT
      findings are compared with conventional x-ray images including tomography. In 3
      of 16 patients no indications of osteomyelitis were found by conventional x-ray
      images, whereas CT revealed paravertebral soft tissue swelling or abscesses and
      osteolysis and thus established the diagnosis of spondylitis. In one patient the
      process caused neurologic symptoms by extending into the epidural space. The
      contributions of CT to the diagnosis of spondylitis are to delineate the extent
      of soft tissue swelling, to detect small defects in the vertebral bodies, to
      exclude disc involvement, and to differentiate inflammations and other
      destructive changes. CT can be used for fine needle localization and aspiration
      of tissue or pus for histological or bacteriological investigations to establish
      the pathological diagnosis.

PMID- 4059534
TI  - [Leukocyte scintigraphy of inflammatory processes in the spinal column].
AB  - Scintigraphic studies with labelled leucocytes in 30 patients with suspected
      inflammatory processes in the spinal column showed false negative results in all
      cases, even in acute inflammatory lesions. This is in contrast to the good
      results in detecting inflammatory bone processes in the non-axial parts of the
      skeleton, where an accuracy of 88% was found. These findings demonstrate that
      scintigraphy with labelled leucocytes is not suitable for diagnosing bacterial
      inflammatory diseases in the spinal column.

PMID- 4059535
TI  - Tuberculosis of the spine. CT demonstration of paravertebral abscess.
AB  - Two surgically proven cases of tuberculous psoas abscess are presented. The
      common findings on CT were low-density paraspinal masses and extension of the
      lesions which followed the typical distribution of iliopsoas muscle in both
      cases. The skeletal findings from the spine are also discussed. Our cases
      indicate the complementary use of plain radiography and CT in the investigation
      of tuberculous spondylitis.

PMID- 4059536
TI  - [Autopsy findings on cervical vertebrae with spinal canal stenosis].
AB  - Description of dissection findings of two cervical spines with excessive
      spondylotic changes. These cause stenosis of the vertebral canal and flattening
      of the spinal cord.

PMID- 4059537
TI  - [Embolization therapy of primary soft tissue tumors and metastatic masses in the
      pelvic region. Indications, results and risks].
AB  - Report of 11 cases of soft tissue and metastatic tumors of the pelvis which had
      been treated by transcatheter - embolization in the pre-operative phase. The
      complication rate exceeds 25%. This complications are, as to our opinion - due to
      the administration of alcohol. For this reason we prefer polyacrylic agents such
      as Ethibloc.

PMID- 4059538
TI  - [Capillary embolization of a hemorrhaging kidney tumor. An unusual case report].
AB  - Experimental results of embolization of normal organs did not clarify the value
      of transcatheter vessel occlusion in the treatment of renal carcinoma. In
      experimental embolization of chemically induced renal rat tumors the concept of
      capillary embolization was developed and showed excellent results even in end
      stage tumors. In consequence this concept was adapted and transferred to clinical
      tumor embolization. Of 30 patients, that have been embolized up to now using
      Ethibloc in combination with 40% glucose as occlusion medium, one case is
      reported herein with a very favourable outcome. The female patient had intensive
      venous infiltration of a renal carcinoma accompanied by severe hematuria
      (T3NxM0V2). Because a patient that seems to be practically cured 30 months after
      embolization demonstrating massive tumor shrinkage to less than 10% of the
      original size in CT-controls the use of transcatheter vessel occlusion should
      again be investigated in association with surgical alternatives.

PMID- 4059539
TI  - [Drainage procedures and stone extraction in radiology. Therapeutic possibilities
      in the biliary and urinary tracts].
AB  - Our experience with interventional procedures is based upon 183 biliary drainages
      and 13 retrievals of biliary stones, 166 percutaneous nephrostomies and 161
      percutaneous litholapaxies. The progress of these radiological procedures
      necessitates a constant critical review of technical aspects and complications.

PMID- 4059540
TI  - [Experimental measurements of renal circulation using digital functional
      angiography].
AB  - New techniques of digital image processing have been experimentally tested for
      the assessment of renal blood flow. The underlying principle in functional
      angiography is the extraction of flow parameters. Basically, density-time
      variations of the contrast medium are analyzed from each picture element of a 256
      X 256 matrix. The real-time acquisition rate of images was 25/sec. For the
      calculation of angiographic flow a PDP 11/40 computer was used to interactively
      perform a time dependent segmentation of the renal arteries and the aorta.
      Subsequently, volume flow was calculated in relative units for the specific
      vascular segments under study. 15 control angiograms were made in 5 animals with
      cardiac output ranging between 0.8 to 2.2 l/min. Unilateral renal blood flow was
      calculated as 24 +/- 3.4% of pre-renal aortic flow without systematic side
      differences. Reproducibility from repeated flow measurements showed an SD of +/-
      1.8% of the individual pre-renal aortic flow. Renal flow was also measured in 3
      animals with an experimentally created 50% flow reduction of the left kidney.
      Angiographic flow in the left renal artery dropped to 12 +/- 2% of pre-renal
      flow. The present experimental data suggest that digital angiography has
      sufficient diagnostic capabilities for the detection of abnormal renal blood
      flow. The technique may serve as a useful diagnostic adjunct to conventional
      angiography and has the potential of assisting in the evaluation of renal
      vascular hypertension.

PMID- 4059541
TI  - [Ormond's disease and chronic venous obstruction].
AB  - Excretory urography has been one of the most helpful tools in diagnosis of
      retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF). Ventro-medial deviation of the ureters at the
      level of lower lumbar spine with urinary obstruction and pointed clinical
      stenosis of the upper part of the ureters have been considered diagnostic of RPF.
      It can be easily forgotten that RPF can become clinically apparent as vascular
      disease. Various types of RPF appearances will be discussed in the light of two
      examples.

PMID- 4059542
TI  - Duodenitis: endoscopic-radiologic correlation in 272 patients.
AB  - Potential radiologic findings of duodenitis were investigated in 272 patients,
      157 with endoscopically diagnosed duodenitis and 115 endoscopically normal
      controls. The study assessed the value of four signs: folds more than 4 mm thick,
      mucosal nodules, bulbar deformity, and erosions. The most sensitive signs were
      thickened folds (72.0%) and nodularity (48.4%), while demonstration of erosions
      was the least sensitive (10.8%). Overall sensitivity (77.7%) approximated that
      for the radiologic diagnosis of peptic ulcer or esophagitis. Radiologic
      specificity (76.5%) was in the same range.

PMID- 4059543
TI  - Transjugular liver biopsy: a review of 461 biopsies.
AB  - Transjugular liver biopsy was performed in a large series of patients for whom
      routine percutaneous biopsy was contraindicated; most of the patients had severe
      liver disease associated with coagulopathies or massive ascites. Of the 461
      biopsies performed over a 7-year period, adequate specimens for histologic
      diagnosis were obtained in 425; in 14 (3.3%), the biopsy provided a false
      negative result. Minor complications such as neck pain, hematoma at the puncture
      site, or pyrexia occurred in 79 patients (17.1%). Serious complications were
      encountered in six patients (1.3%) (two with cardiac arrhythmias; four with
      intraperitoneal hemorrhage following capsular perforation), with an overall
      mortality rate for the series of 0.22%. Modification of the technique--taking the
      biopsy with the catheter positioned centrally rather than wedged peripherally-
      has reduced the occurrence of capsular perforation without affecting the success
      rate. Transjugular liver biopsy is a valuable technique that provides diagnostic
      information in a high proportion of cases in which conventional percutaneous
      biopsy is contraindicated.

PMID- 4059544
TI  - Post-ERCP pancreatitis: association with urographic visualization during ERCP.
AB  - To investigate the possible association of urographic visualization and
      acinarization of contrast material with postprocedure pancreatitis, 140
      consecutive endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograms (ERCP) with pancreatic
      duct filling were reviewed. Urographic visualization was identified in 29
      patients (21%); pancreatitis developed in 13 of these patients (45%).
      Pancreatitis occurred in five of 111 patients (4%) without urographic
      visualization. Of 19 patients who demonstrated both acinarization and urographic
      visualization, ten (53%) had postprocedure pancreatitis. Twenty-six patients
      exhibited acinarization without urographic visualization; one (4%) had
      pancreatitis. Urographic visualization during ERCP is probably more common than
      generally recognized and indicates patients who are at high risk for
      postprocedure pancreatitis. Although acinarization accompanied by urographic
      visualization is associated with a high risk of pancreatitis, acinarization alone
      was not associated with this complication in this study. Detection of renal
      opacification during ERCP requires close scrutiny of films is best accomplished
      on overhead radiographs.

PMID- 4059545
TI  - Radiological assessment of dysphagia with endoscopic correlation.
AB  - Four hundred fifty consecutive patients with dysphagia were evaluated
      radiologically over a 14-month period; 127 of these (28.2%) were also examined
      endoscopically. The most common abnormality seen was dysmotility (34%), followed
      by hiatal hernia, benign stricture, and esophagitis. Correlation with endoscopy
      was generally good. Radiologic study demonstrated all cases of esophageal
      malignancy; radiologic/endoscopic correlation was also strong in patients with
      moderate or severe esophagitis, though the radiologist had some difficulty
      detecting mild inflammation. Endoscopy failed to demonstrate some benign
      strictures. Radiologic study was relatively accurate in detecting significant
      organic disease; most motility disorders were not detected by endoscopy. For
      these reasons, as well as lower cost, increased convenience, and patient comfort,
      radiologic assessment is recommended as the primary method of evaluating patients
      with dysphagia.

PMID- 4059546
TI  - Reversed intestinal rotation.
AB  - The authors report a case of reversed intestinal rotation and review the
      embryology, clinical presentation, and radiographic findings of this disorder.
      Although this developmental anomaly of the bowel is rare, it may be diagnosed by
      the distinctive position, course, and narrowing of the transverse colon.

PMID- 4059547
TI  - Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and acute leukemia. Limitations in the
      diagnostic utility of the air crescent sign.
AB  - The air crescent sign is regarded as an important diagnostic finding in invasive
      pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). This study examined the incidence, clinical
      importance, and natural history of air crescents in 25 patients with acute
      leukemia and IPA. Twelve (50%) of the patients had cavities (ten with an air
      crescent) that appeared an average of 15 days after the initial infiltrate. The
      diagnostic utility of the air crescent sign was relatively minor; cavities
      developed after the diagnosis was established in 50% of cases and after therapy
      was started in 75% of cases. In each case, the pneumonia improved at the time of
      cavitation. In six patients (50%), the cavities resolved over 2-8 months. Three
      patients (25%), however, experienced massive hemoptysis. Air crescent formation,
      previously shown to be dependent on granulocyte recovery, was associated with
      improved survival (67%) compared with the group without cavitation (8%). In the
      latter group, the pneumonia in ten (77%) of 13 patients progressed to diffuse
      disease. In patients with leukemia, the diagnostic value of the air crescent sign
      is limited by cavities that develop relatively late, as the infection improves
      after white blood cell recovery; cavities that do not occur in patients who
      remain neutropenic; and associated hemorrhage, at times life-threatening, that
      obscures the air crescent. The diagnosis of IPA should not await observation of
      air crescents in these patients.

PMID- 4059548
TI  - Osseous lipoma: CT appearance.
AB  - Characteristic radiographic and computed-tomographic (CT) features of seven cases
      of osseous lipoma are reported: six with medullary and one with parosteal
      locations. Radiological diagnosis of this lesion is discussed, with emphasis on
      potential pitfalls in interpretation of CT scans. Although the presence of fat
      equivalent density on scans is highly suggestive of osseous lipoma, comparable
      attenuation is documented in cases of chronic osteomyelitis and postnecrotic
      subchondral excavation.

PMID- 4059549
TI  - Rotator cuff tears: evaluation using double-contrast shoulder arthrography.
AB  - To determine the accuracy of double-contrast arthrography in complete rotator
      cuff tears, we studied 805 patients thought to have a complete rotator cuff tear
      who had undergone double-contrast shoulder arthrography (DCSA) between 1978 and
      1983. The results of this study indicate that DCSA is exquisitely sensitive and
      as accurate as the single-contrast examination. The site of disruption was
      directly visualized in 93% of cases, and the size of the defect and status of the
      torn tendon edges were reliably predicted. Such information may influence the
      surgeon in patient selection for operative repair as well as surgical approach.

PMID- 4059550
TI  - Symptomatic radiographic variants in extremities.
AB  - Three groups of apparently normal developmental variants in extremities as they
      appear on radiographs are presented. In contrast to the widely held view that
      these are of no clinical significance, these ossicles may, in fact, be
      responsible for symptoms. The first group consists of ossicles which, from the
      very onset, may represent the sequelae of repetitious trauma. The second group is
      composed of normal variants in which the presence of a congenital synchondrosis
      may predispose to injury as a result of chronic repetitious trauma. The third
      group consists of ossicles that may result in local and premature degenerative
      changes. The use of radionuclide bone scanning, which provides physiologic as
      well as morphologic information, is crucial in evaluating the significance of
      these ossicles in the symptomatic patient.

PMID- 4059551
TI  - Publication in radiology: challenges to tradition.
AB  - Publications in radiology have become vastly proliferated and highly
      differentiated compared with the past. They have developed in response to several
      factors: accelerating scientific progress, clinical subspecialization,
      industrialization of practice, and growth of academic and clinical practitioners.
      New peer-reviewed journals, controlled periodicals heavily subsidized by
      advertising, newspapers, and newsletters of various forms have arisen. The
      command the traditional journals, Radiology and the American Journal of
      Roentgenology, once had upon reader attention has been challenged. But with
      rigorous editing, broad content, and pleasing format, these have grown with the
      competition to retain their positions. Electronic publishing is another challenge
      they face and which they have begun to incorporate in their production. At this
      point, it appears the printed page will survive and that the traditional journals
      will continue to serve our specialty along with newcomers for which there are
      more specialized roles.

PMID- 4059552
TI  - Bronchial artery embolization in the management of hemoptysis: technical aspects
      and long-term results.
AB  - Seventy-five patients with hemoptysis were treated with bronchial artery
      embolization (BAE). The procedure was performed with Hexabrix (sodium
      methylglucamine ioxaglate), Mikaelson catheters, and Gelfoam particles.
      Angiographic evaluation of the bronchial artery anatomy revealed ten different
      configurations, which are described. The embolization attempt failed in three
      cases (4%); eight additional patients (10.7%) were excluded from the series
      because of inadequate data. In the remaining 64 patients, 41 underwent BAE alone
      and 23 underwent either chemotherapy or surgery in addition to embolization.
      Immediate control of hemoptysis was achieved in 49 of 64 patients (76.6%). Long
      term control of hemoptysis was achieved in 46 of the 56 patients included in the
      long-term follow-up (82.1%). Eight of the 64 patients were lost to follow-up,
      which ranged from one to 47 months (mean 24.8 months). Hemoptysis recurred in 12
      of 56 patients (severe in 10, mild in 2) (21.4%). Twelve patients died (21.4%),
      five of them due to hemoptysis (8.9%). None of the patients who died of
      hemoptysis had responded to initial BAE. It is concluded that BAE is an effective
      treatment for immediate control of life-threatening hemoptysis, allowing long
      term control of bleeding in the majority of patients.

PMID- 4059553
TI  - Biliary catheter drainage complicated by hemobilia: treatment by balloon
      embolotherapy.
AB  - Seventeen patients experienced severe hemobilia following percutaneous (nine
      patients) or surgical (eight patients) placement of biliary drainage catheters.
      Fourteen patients bled early after catheter placement (0.5-32 weeks; mean, 5.4
      weeks) and three bled late during long-term biliary drainage (1.1-3.6 years;
      mean, 2 years). Hepatic angiography demonstrated the source of bleeding in 15
      (88%) patients (hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm in ten, hepatic artery-portal vein
      fistula in four, varix along the tube tract in one) but showed no source of
      bleeding in two. Thirteen patients with hemobilia were treated with
      embolotherapy, using detachable balloons in 12. The advantages of this technique
      included the ability to flow-direct the balloon without selective
      catheterization; the ability to test-inflate the balloon at the site of the
      aneurysm or fistula during angiographic study and adjust its position before
      detachment; and preservation of the hepatic artery proximal and distal to the
      inflated balloon, thus preserving hepatic function following embolization.

PMID- 4059554
TI  - Percutaneous cholecystolithotomy: preliminary experience.
AB  - Percutaneous removal of gallstones was employed as the definitive form of therapy
      in three patients with acute cholecystitis. Percutaneous cholecystolithotomy may
      be an alternative form of therapy for selected patients with gallbladder calculi.

PMID- 4059555
TI  - Hydrogen MR imaging of the head at 0.35 T and 0.7 T: effects of magnetic field
      strength.
AB  - To determine whether hydrogen magnetic resonance imaging at 0.7 T provides added
      clinical value over imaging at 0.35 T, images of the heads of patients with
      various intracranial disorders were obtained at these field strengths.
      Measurements of tissue contrast (C), signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, and T1 and T2
      relaxation times were determined. For a given spin-echo sequence with equal
      imaging time, resolution, and data sampling window, the product C X S/N was
      somewhat lower for the lower field strength. Under conditions of imaging with
      equal chemical shift artifact, C X S/N at 0.35 T was equal to or greater than
      that measured at 0.7 T. With an increase in field strength, T1 of pathologic
      areas and surrounding normal tissues increased, resulting in a corresponding loss
      of absolute signal level and decrease in contrast. Lesions were equally well seen
      at both 0.35 T and 0.7 T. The increased T1 and decreased C X S/N for higher
      magnetic fields--when measured with a fixed imaging time, resolution, chemical
      shift, and sequence--suggest that such field strengths may not improve tissue
      contrast, diagnostic ability, or clinical throughput when compared with lower
      field strength systems.

PMID- 4059556
TI  - Ocular toxocariasis studied by CT scanning.
AB  - Ocular Toxocara canis infection causing larval granulomatosis and leading to
      chronic endophthalmitis and retinal detachment is a well-defined cause of
      unilateral leukokoria in children. The computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed a
      diffuse, nonenhancing, well-defined hyperdense lesion occupying most of the
      globe. The CT findings do not definitively differentiate the diffuse
      endophthalmitis of larval granulomatosis from retinoblastoma or other
      pseudogliomas.

PMID- 4059557
TI  - Portal hypertension evaluated by MR imaging.
AB  - Thirteen patients with portal hypertension were examined by magnetic resonance
      (MR) imaging, using spin-echo sequences, and by visceral angiography. Data from
      this group were compared with the MR images and angiograms of 20 patients without
      portal hypertension. MR imaging demonstrated two of three cases of portal vein
      occlusion and four of five cases of occlusion of the retropancreatic portion of
      the superior mesenteric vein. Two thirds of the patients with portal hypertension
      and patent portal veins had marked MR signal within the main portal vein on MR
      images. Little or no signal was present in the portal veins of the 20 patients
      without portal hypertension. Our experience indicates that marked intraportal MR
      signal can be seen in patients with portal hypertension with or without venous
      occlusion. In some cases the size and distribution of venous collaterals allow
      one to distinguish between venous occlusion and other causes of portal
      hypertension. MR images confirmed the patency of distal splenorenal shunts in two
      patients studied.

PMID- 4059558
TI  - MR imaging in patients with metallic implants.
AB  - A total of 305 magnetic resonance (MR) examinations were performed in 236
      patients with metallic implants. Most examinations were performed at 0.3 T. The
      metallic implants included central nervous system shunting devices, tantalum
      mesh, surgical wire, skin staples, surgical clips, metallic orthopedic devices,
      and a few miscellaneous metallic objects. Patients with cardiac pacemakers,
      electrical implants, prosthetic cardiac valves, and aneurysm clips were excluded
      from MR examinations. The images were reviewed for evidence of metallic artifact.
      The conspicuity of artifact was related to the composition, mass, orientation,
      and position of the metallic object in the body. In most instances, the metallic
      artifact did not interfere with the interpretation of the image. The patients'
      records were also reviewed for adverse effects noted by each patient during the
      MR examination. Only two patients reported discomfort that could possibly have
      been related to their metallic implants, but in both cases it seemed unlikely
      that the symptoms were actually related to the imaging process. There were no
      apparent short-term adverse effects demonstrated in these patients.

PMID- 4059559
TI  - MR imaging of the aorta with three-dimensional vessel reconstruction: validation
      by angiography.
AB  - Longitudinal vascular structures are difficult to observe on the standard
      abdominal transaxial magnetic resonance (MR) image sections. To display the
      information in a three-dimensional reconstruction, an algorithm was written to
      identify blood flow in a series of transaxial MR sections and was applied to
      reconstructing images of the aorta and iliac arteries in 12 patients with aortic
      aneurysm, dissection, or aortoiliac atherosclerosis. Results were validated by
      angiography. In all patients, the outline of the flow channel in the
      reconstructed image followed closely the outline of the lumen on angiograms. In
      aortic dissection, the MR images showed the two lumens more completely than did
      the angiograms, and in atherosclerosis, sites of vascular stenosis were correctly
      identified on MR images. The technique is valuable in providing anatomic
      information as well as functional information on cross-sectional areas and
      relative flow velocities.

PMID- 4059560
TI  - MR imaging of blood vessels using three-dimensional reconstruction: methodology.
AB  - Multisection, dual-echo magnetic resonance (MR) transaxial images of blood
      vessels contain both anatomic and qualitative information about flow. Even so,
      the images are produced as a series of two-dimensional tomographic sections from
      which full visualization of connected structures is difficult. A computer
      algorithm was developed that automatically detects flowing blood based on pixel
      intensity and calculated T2 and provides reconstructed views of vessels while
      analyzing and displaying flow characteristics. Images of abdominal vessels,
      aortic aneurysms, and the heart were encoded by flow and color to demonstrate
      depth. In addition, these data were reconstructed to derive a more accurate
      assessment of patency. With this technique, transaxial images can be used to
      analyze flow patterns, determine patent areas, and visualize all levels of
      vessels in a single image.

PMID- 4059562
TI  - Cystic renal cancers: CT characteristics.
AB  - The preoperative distinction between renal cyst and tumor has long been a
      dilemma. A cystic renal adenocarcinoma may appear similar to a largely necrotic
      tumor or a cancer incorporated into a cyst or arising from a cyst wall. Overall,
      these cystic cancers present the same preoperative features. In our series of 15
      cases, the characteristic pattern on computed tomography scans included size
      greater than or equal to 10 cm, localized thickening of cyst walls with contrast
      enhancement, and irregularly and poorly defined implantation in the kidney.

PMID- 4059561
TI  - Regional myocardial dysfunction: evaluation of patients with prior myocardial
      infarction with fast CT.
AB  - A prototype ultrafast cine computed tomographic (CT) scanner, designed
      specifically for cardiac imaging, was used to evaluate a preliminary series of
      patients with prior myocardial infarction (n = 21) and a control group without
      coronary artery disease (n = 5). Multilevel 50-msec CT scan exposures were
      obtained during peripheral intravenous bolus injections of contrast medium. A
      comparison was made between cine-CT scans and standard left ventriculographic
      images in assessing segmental left ventricular motion. Results indicate that cine
      CT, performed at sufficiently rapid speeds (20 scans per second) to allow useful
      analysis of regional ventricular wall motion, can provide adequate image quality.
      Analysis of 110 segments revealed a good correlation (90.9%) between the two
      techniques in characterizing normal from abnormal regional wall motion. Cine CT,
      based on this initial study, demonstrates considerable potential for evaluating
      not only cardiac chamber dimensions but also segmental wall dynamics.

PMID- 4059563
TI  - Femoral head avascular necrosis: CT assessment with multiplanar reconstruction.
AB  - Thirty-two patients with avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head underwent
      imaging studies using computed tomography with multiplanar reconstructions
      (CT/MPR). Staging of the disease by means of CT/MPR images was compared with
      traditional staging by means of routine frontal and frog-leg lateral radiographs.
      CT/MPR examination upgraded staging in 30% of the hips studied and made
      significant contributions to patient management in 14 (54%) of 26 patients for
      whom both CT scans and plain-film radiographs were available for comparison.
      Asymptomatic and radiographically normal contralateral hips were found at CT
      study to have stage II or stage III AVN in four patients. Subtle alterations in
      trabecular patterns, joint spaces, femoral-head contours, and acetabula were well
      defined on CT/MPR studies in many cases; previously undetected or ill-defined
      abnormalities were frequently visualized. The major weight-bearing components of
      the hip (anterior and posterior acetabular columns, acetabular dome, and superior
      pole of the femur), which may be poorly defined on CT scans due to partial volume
      effects on the transaxial images, were best seen on the sagittal and coronal
      reconstructions. A new system for staging AVN is suggested.

PMID- 4059564
TI  - Gallium-67 lung uptake: conjugate-view technique.
AB  - A conjugate-view technique is derived for calculation of absolute gallium-67 (Ga
      67) uptake from scintillation-camera images. The technique combines counts of
      posterior and anterior images of the lung with an attenuation correction obtained
      from cobalt-57 (Co-57) transmission imaging. The formulation is such that the
      effects of Compton scatter build-up are accounted for. Studies utilizing a canine
      model indicated that, normally, more activity is located in the chest wall than
      in the lungs. The quantitative technique must therefore accurately account for a
      variety of Ga-67 distributions, including that in the chest wall. Calculations
      were performed using a three-component model comparing results obtained with the
      conjugate-view approach to the actual uptake. These calculations suggest that an
      assumption of uniform activity distribution allows an accuracy of approximately
      +/- 10% over a broad range of body-part thicknesses and uptake by the lungs. It
      was concluded that the conjugate-view technique is necessarily approximate but
      can provide clinically useful results.

PMID- 4059565
TI  - Multisection-multiecho MR imaging: effect on image quality.
AB  - An analysis of the effects of multisection-multiecho imaging on signal intensity
      is presented using a gaussian excitation pulse. The number of sections acquired,
      size of the intersection gap, and the number of echoes were all varied
      independently to evaluate their effect on image intensity. The results indicate
      that one should take a conservative approach in multisection-multiecho imaging,
      leaving at least a 2-mm-intersection gap and approximately a 20-msec delay
      between section excitations to avoid image signal loss owing to partial
      saturation effects.

PMID- 4059566
TI  - Embolism detection and prevention using scintigraphy during therapeutic arterial
      blockade.
AB  - We describe an application of simple scintigraphic localization of therapeutic
      gelatin emboli during and after transcatheter arterial embolization using gelatin
      particles labeled with technetium 99m. This scintigraphy required an additional
      15-30 minutes and can be useful for prevention of serious complications and for
      early detection of adverse embolisms.

PMID- 4059567
TI  - Percutaneous placement of soft, indwelling ureteral stent.
AB  - Ureteral stents, placed cystoscopically or percutaneously, have proved useful in
      a variety of indications. We present our technique for the placement of soft,
      biocompatible stents. With this material and technique, successful placement has
      been achieved in 77% of cases, with no significant complications, excellent
      patient tolerance, and a high degree of utility in achieving the desired outcome.

PMID- 4059568
TI  - Coaxial cancer dilator.
AB  - In cases in which the ureters or biliary tree is encased by large tumors, it may
      be difficult to dilate a pathway for a stent with a balloon catheter. In ten
      consecutive patients in whom balloon dilatation was unsuccessful, a coaxial
      tapered Teflon cancer dilator successfully crossed the obstruction.

PMID- 4059569
TI  - Re: Drainage catheter displacement.

PMID- 4059570
TI  - Re: Detailed per-oral small-bowel examination versus enteroclysis.

PMID- 4059571
TI  - Re: CT staging of prostate cancer.

PMID- 4059572
TI  - Re: Calf hematoma mimicking thrombophlebitis.

PMID- 4059573
TI  - [Pullulanase].

PMID- 4059574
TI  - [Solubilization and reconstitution of membrane proteins using new nonionic
      detergents, heptylthioglucoside and octylthioglucoside].

PMID- 4059575
TI  - [BAL 31 nuclease].

PMID- 4059576
TI  - [Isoamylase].

PMID- 4059577
TI  - The role of endogenous prostaglandins in the regulation of gastric secretion in
      rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Prostaglandins (PG) are known to alter a variety of gastrointestinal functions,
      but the physiological role of endogenous PG remains unclear. This experiment was
      designed to evaluate changes in gastric secretion following both acute and
      chronic inhibition of PG synthesis with indomethacin (5 mg/kg s.c.). Gastric
      juice was collected by continuous aspiration in 8 conscious chair-adapted male
      rhesus monkeys following treatment with saline or indomethacin for one or four
      days. The gastric juice was analyzed for H+, Na+, K+, and Cl- concentrations. The
      amount of soluble mucus in the gastric juice was estimated using Alcian Blue dye
      binding of acidic glycoproteins and Periodic Acid Schiff reaction with neutral
      glycoproteins. PG levels were measured in the plasma and in biopsy samples of
      fundus, antrum and duodenum. Both one and four days of indomethacin significantly
      (p less than 0.05) decreased tissue PG levels in the fundus, antrum and duodenum.
      Plasma levels of PGF2 alpha were significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased after
      both one and four days of indomethacin, while PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha were
      significantly inhibited only after four days of indomethacin. Both acute and
      chronic inhibition of PG synthesis was accompanied by a decrease in the
      concentration of sodium and mucus in the gastric juice but by an increase in the
      output and concentration of hydrogen ion. These changes suggest a possible
      mechanism by which endogenous PG play a role in the regulation of gastric
      secretion and in the protection against gastrointestinal damage.

PMID- 4059578
TI  - Use of tritium labeled amino acid conjugates of prostaglandins and thromboxanes
      as labeled ligands in prostanoid radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Conjugates of prostaglandins and thromboxanes with tritium labeled amino acids
      were prepared and employed as labeled ligands in prostaglandin and thromboxane
      radioimmunoassays. Assays for PGF2 alpha, 15-keto-13, 14-dihydro-PGF2 alpha, TXB2
      and 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-TXB2 were evaluated in comparative studies using either
      these heterologous ligands or the corresponding homologous tritiated eicosanoid
      as tracers. Binding properties for the respective antibodies were found to be
      similar using either tracer. Three biological studies were also conducted, viz.
      study of the release of TXB2 during collagen induced platelet aggregation, of 15
      keto-13,14-dihydro-TXB2 during guinea pig pulmonary anaphylaxis, and of PGF2
      alpha (measured as 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2 alpha in peripheral plasma) during
      bovine luteolysis. The analyses gave comparable results using either the
      heterologous or the homologous assay. Thus, this type of labeled prostanoid
      conjugates may serve as a convenient alternative to homologous tracers in
      radioimmunoassay. Heterologous tracers may even in certain cases provide the only
      simple solution to the problem of preparing a labeled ligand of high specific
      activity.

PMID- 4059579
TI  - Long term 'marine diet' in Eskimos is not associated with altered urinary
      excretion of total tetranor prostaglandin metabolites.
AB  - The total urinary excretion of tetranor prostaglandin metabolites, measured as
      tetranorprostanedioic acid (TPD), was quantified in traditionally living
      Greenland Eskimos (E) and compared with that in Caucasian Danes (D). TPD
      excretion (microgram/24h) was not significantly different between both groups,
      neither for males (331 +/- 62.4 (E) vs. 331 +/- 25.7 (D), mean +/- SEM, n = 9 and
      10) nor for females (190 +/- 31.7 (E) vs. 264 +/- 27.4 (D), n = 11 and 10, P2
      greater than 0.05). Since urinary prostaglandin metabolites are thought to
      reflect the total prostaglandin turnover in vivo, these results suggest that a
      long-term intake of relatively large amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids of
      the (n-3) family does not alter total prostaglandin turnover in vivo. This is in
      contrast to stimulated prostanoid formation in vitro, and thus suggests a
      different regulatory role of dietary and tissue fatty acids for 'stimulated' and
      'basal' prostaglandin production.

PMID- 4059581
TI  - [The myth. Attempt at a conceptual approach].

PMID- 4059580
TI  - Calcium requirement of uterine contraction induced by PGE1: importance of
      intracellular calcium stores.
AB  - The contraction of the rat uterus in response to PGE1 in high K+ medium and in Ca
      free solution which contained EDTA has been investigated in order to examine
      whether excitation-contraction coupling involves the release of Ca from an
      intracellular store. In uterus maximally contracted by K+, cumulative
      concentrations of PGE1 (1.25 - 20 ng/ml) caused maintained concentration
      dependent contraction. PGE1 induced sustained contraction of rat uterus in Ca
      free medium after incubation with 3mM EDTA for 50 min. In these conditions the
      involvement of extracellular Ca is highly unlikely. The PGE1-induced contraction
      could be repeated without exposure to external Ca ions and with only slight
      reduction in magnitude. The PGE1 concentrations required to elicit uterine
      contraction in Ca-free solution were about 1000 times higher than the effective
      doses in KCl-depolarized uterus. In conclusion, the present investigation shows
      that Ca influx is not essential for PGE1-induced contraction of rat uterus,
      although extracellular Ca enhances it presumably by increasing the free Ca levels
      in the cytosol.

PMID- 4059582
TI  - [Past unconscious, present unconscious and the significance of transference].

PMID- 4059583
TI  - [The sex of angels. On the theory of transsexualism in the Lacan school (M.
      Safouan, A. Faure-Oppenheimer, C. Millot)].

PMID- 4059584
TI  - The role of NIH in biotechnology.

PMID- 4059585
TI  - Intravenous histamine reduces bombesin-stimulated gastrin release in dogs.
AB  - The effect of histamine on gastrin release was studied in 7 conscious mongrel
      dogs with chronic gastric and duodenal fistulas. Histamine-2 HCl was infused in
      doses of 0 (control), 20, 40, 80, and 160 micrograms/kg per h for 2 h on separate
      days. During the second hour, bombesin 500 ng/kg per h was infused intravenously.
      Intragastric pH was constantly kept at 2.5 by intragastric titration during each
      test. Leakage of gastric contents into the duodenum was prevented by a prepyloric
      balloon passed retrograde through a duodenal fistula. Gastrin release, as
      expressed by the integrated response during the last 50 min of the bombesin
      infusion was significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased by all doses of
      histamine, compared to control. The infusion doses of histamine studied, 20, 40,
      80, and 160 micrograms/kg per h reduced bombesin-stimulated gastrin release 16%,
      19%, 19%, and 30%, respectively. This effect was blocked by a histamine H-2 but
      not an H-1 receptor antagonist. We conclude that by an H-2 mechanism, exogenous
      histamine reduces bombesin-stimulated gastrin release in dog.

PMID- 4059586
TI  - The effect of neurotensin and secretin on gastric acid secretion and mucosal
      blood flow in man.
AB  - Neurotensin stimulates pancreatic secretion directly and by potentiating the
      effect of secretin. Neurotensin also inhibits gastric secretion. Secretin
      inhibits gastric secretion as well, but whether it also interacts with
      neurotensin is not known. Secretin is known to inhibit gastric mucosal blood flow
      (GMBF). The effect of neurotensin on GMBF is not known. Acid secretion (triple
      lumen perfused orogastric tube) and GMBF ([14C]aminopyrine clearance) were
      therefore measured in 6 subjects during neurotensin, secretin and neurotensin
      plus secretin infusions. Neurotensin plus secretin reduced acid secretion by a
      median 130 (range 34-394) mumol/min which was significantly greater than either
      neurotensin at 36 (7-67) mumol/min or secretin 54 (20-347) mumol/min alone (P
      less than 0.05). This effect appeared independent of GMBF. Neurotensin plus
      secretin reduced GMBF by 14 (12-27) ml/min but not significantly more than
      neurotensin at 11 (3-20) ml/min or secretin 18 (2-27) ml/min alone. Further,
      there was no correlation between changes in acid output and GMBF during infusion
      of the peptides. We conclude that the inhibitory effects of neurotensin and
      secretin on gastric secretion are at least additive and together they may
      function as an 'enterogastrone'.

PMID- 4059588
TI  - [An effect of purity of 123I on image quality].

PMID- 4059587
TI  - Effect of oral nalmefene, an opiate-receptor antagonist, on meal-stimulated
      gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin concentration in man.
AB  - We evaluated whether nalmefene, an orally administered opiate-receptor
      antagonist, would inhibit gastric acid secretion in response to a meal in healthy
      humans. On separate days either 50 mg nalmefene or a placebo tablet was
      administered by mouth 90 min before a blenderized steak meal was infused into the
      stomach through a nasogastric tube. Compared to placebo, nalmefene inhibited meal
      stimulated acid secretion in each of 6 subjects studied (P less than 0.05).
      During the second and third hours after the meal, nalmefene inhibited mean acid
      secretion by 16%. Nalmefene also resulted in significantly higher meal-stimulated
      serum gastrin concentrations than placebo (P less than 0.05) even though
      intragastric pH was kept constant at 5.0 in both experiments. These studies
      indicate that an orally administered opiate-receptor antagonist can inhibit
      gastric acid secretion in response to a meal in humans, yet increase meal
      stimulated serum gastrin concentrations.

PMID- 4059590
TI  - Past, current, and future safety and efficacy trends in the drug industry.
AB  - In view of the enormity of the subject on which I have been asked to speak, I
      consider it advisable, prudent, and pragmatic to attempt to focus the scope of my
      discussion on the area of my immediate expertise. In my lecture, I shall attempt
      to survey "the past" via a very brief discussion of some of the methods used for
      the determination of both safety and efficacy as well as the results achieved.
      With respect to "current practices," I intend to present an overview of the scope
      of safety and efficacy evaluation with new drugs, emphasizing both the pros and
      cons as perceived from the vantage point of a pharmaceutical scientist dedicated
      to the discovery and development of new therapeutic agents that will ameliorate
      disease states and human suffering while, at the same time, returning profit to
      the industry that has generated such drugs, so as to permit continued expansion
      of our therapeutic armamentarium by continued research efforts.

PMID- 4059589
TI  - [The application of intestinal 47Ca absorption test to patients with calcium
      abnormalities].

PMID- 4059591
TI  - Environmental health aspects of additives for the petroleum industry.
AB  - This paper gives an outline of Essochem's policy and resources in environmental
      health, briefly describes industrial hygiene aspects of the manufacture and use
      of additives, and concentrates on the toxicology of some important additive
      types. It also explains how Essochem communicates hazard information and draws
      attention to some special points of concern which the additives industry in
      general has with existing and developing environmental health regulations.

PMID- 4059592
TI  - Analytical cigarette yields as predictors of smoke bioavailability.
AB  - The smoke intake of 865 undisturbed smokers of over 10 cigarettes per day was
      measured using plasma nicotine and cotinine, and expired carbon monoxide (CO) as
      markers. While nicotine yields, according to Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
      analytical standards, varied 16-fold from 0.1 to 1.6 mg/cigarette, the
      corresponding plasma nicotine values varied from around 25 to 45 ng/ml, and
      estimated mean nicotine intake of smokers varied from around 0.75 to 1.25
      mg/cigarette. Expired CO and plasma cotinine values also varied in similar
      proportion, but mean daily cigarette consumption was independent of the FTC
      nicotine yield of the cigarettes smoked. The results indicate that
      pharmacodynamic satiation causes behavioral regulation, and that smokers of very
      high yield brands compensate downward, and vice versa. The ratio of tar yield to
      nicotine yield usually increases with increasing tar yield; therefore tar intake
      is likely to increase at higher tar yields, even though the increment of nicotine
      intake is small. It follows that FTC analytical determinations are poor
      predictors of relative intake of nicotine, CO, or tar, while rankings based on
      mean tar-to-nicotine ratio of a brand's smoke could be more meaningful. Moreover,
      the considerable variation of individual smoking behavior suggests that precise
      numerical rankings of cigarettes are not justified. An analogic ranking of
      cigarettes into a few broad classes would better reflect the realities and
      expectations of average consumers.

PMID- 4059593
TI  - [Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the normal mediastinum].
AB  - Magnetic Resonance (MR) cross sectional images of the normal mediastinum are
      presented and discussed. In normal subjects most mediastinal structures visible
      on Computed Tomography (CT) are also visible using MR. The primary advantages of
      MR over CT in the evaluation of mediastinum are the greater soft tissues contrast
      resolution, the multiplanar (axial, coronal and sagittal) display of the
      mediastinal anatomy and its ability to distinguish vascular from nonvascular
      structures without injection of contrast media.

PMID- 4059594
TI  - [Radiologic changes of the hands in psoriatic rheumatism].
AB  - The radiological features of the psoriatic arthritis, already known in the
      literature, are reviewed by the authors. On the basis of their own record (33
      patients), they underline 3 peculiar features of the disease: thickening of the
      soft tissue involving the whole finger, three joints involvements of the same
      finger, association of subchondral proliferation and periostitis.

PMID- 4059595
TI  - [Erosive arthrosis of the hand. Criteria of the differential diagnosis].
AB  - Erosive osteoarthritis (EOA) is a peculiar form of osteoarthritis, characterized
      by inflammatory destructive changes (erosions) in the interphalangeal joints,
      with relative sparing of the metacarpophalangeal joints, and frequent involvement
      of the trapeziometacarpal joint. Linear periosteal bone apposition is also
      commonly reported. In EOA, erosions tend to occur exclusively in the subchondral
      cortex of joints, causing in DIP joints a typical "gull wings" configuration of
      bones of distal phalanges, whereas in psoriatic arthritis (PA) and in rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA) the "bare areas" are primarily affected. However, such "gull
      wings" erosions are nonspecific, and may be observed in the late stage of PA in
      the IP joints, or RA in the PIP joints.

PMID- 4059596
TI  - [Asymmetrical lower limbs. Lumbosacral changes and scoliosis].
AB  - The spine and pelvis of both young and adult subjects with inequality in length
      of lower extremities were examined in standing position. At the lumbosacral
      level, alterations affecting the last intervertebral disc spaces, the basal
      vertebra and the sacrum were observed, caused by asymmetric weight distribution,
      which can modify the spine axis.

PMID- 4059597
TI  - [Radiological and instrumental study of the colon in idiopathic constipation].
AB  - It has been demonstrated that it is not always possible to attribute to
      constipation a reduced colonic transit time as being evidenced by radiological
      studies using radiopaque markers. In fact, in constipated patients with a normal
      transit time, it was more reasonable to consider a recto-anal disorder as
      evidenced by defecography and manometry.

PMID- 4059598
TI  - [Percutaneous correction of benign stenosis of the bile ducts and biliary
      digestive anastomosis. Percutaneous transhepatic biliplasty].
AB  - The authors describe their experience in nine cases of transhepatic percutaneous
      dilatation of bile ducts benign stenosis by a Gruntzig catheter inflated at the
      stenotic level in order to stretch the sclerotic lesion. Despite the brief follow
      up, the first results are satisfying; for this reason percutaneous dilatation of
      bile ducts benign stenosis could be a new procedure in the treatment of these
      lesions in selected cases.

PMID- 4059599
TI  - [Peritubal adhesions and hysterosalpingography].
AB  - Hysterosalpingography cannot directly show pelvic adhesions due to
      pelviperitonitis, salpingitis, perimetritis or parametritis. Nevertheless this
      method is able to evidence an eventual tubal involvement by adhesive tissue.
      Located pools of contrast medium around the tubae is a well known radiological
      sign, but not the only nor the most frequently one observed. If the adhesions
      include the proximal end of the tubae, the contrast pooling may be absent. This
      paper analyzes, in controlled series of patients with pelvic adhesions, all the
      hysterosalpingographic signs which can indicate an adhesive tubal involvement.

PMID- 4059600
TI  - [Reduction of doses in teleradiography of the spine. Criteria of radiation
      protection and studies of dosimetry].
AB  - To reduce the radiation exposure during full spine X-ray examinations, the
      following techniques were instituted: 72" tube to film distance; X-ray beam
      collimation; fast screen-film combination (rare earth gradual screens with high
      speed films); additional compensation filters; shielding of the most radiation
      sensitive organs. Dosimetric measurements are reported. A very high reduction in
      exposure, above all of breasts and gonads, was obtained, without significant loss
      in the quality of radiographs.

PMID- 4059601
TI  - [CT description in 3 cases of primary heart neoplasms].

PMID- 4059602
TI  - [A case of median cyst of the mandible].

PMID- 4059603
TI  - [Chronic hereditary tyrosinemia: a possible cause of rickets].

PMID- 4059605
TI  - Aspidogastrid and digenetic trematode parasites of marine fishes of the coast of
      Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.

PMID- 4059604
TI  - [Pyknodysostosis].

PMID- 4059606
TI  - [Ultrastructural and morphometric aspects of fibroblasts in the endometrium of
      rats during the estrus cycle].

PMID- 4059607
TI  - [Vascularization of the retina and the optic nerve of opossums].

PMID- 4059608
TI  - [Reproduction of Gymnotus carapo (Linnaeus, 1758) in the dam of Lobo (SP).
      Morphology and histology of the ovary. Seasonal changes. (Teleostei,
      Gymnotidae)].

PMID- 4059610
TI  - [Aeromonas hydrophila bacteremia. Clinical and bacteriological characteristics.
      Apropos of 16 cases].

PMID- 4059609
TI  - [Hosts of Siphonaptera Rhopalopsyllini].

PMID- 4059611
TI  - [Seroepidemiologic study of measles, rubella and parotitis in 3 to 7-year-old
      children].

PMID- 4059612
TI  - [Pseudomonas cepacia bacteremia].

PMID- 4059613
TI  - [Pituitary adenoma with onset as hypothyroidism. Presentation of 2 cases].

PMID- 4059614
TI  - [Giant fusiform cerebral aneurysm as a cause of transient cerebral ischemia].

PMID- 4059615
TI  - [2 cases of Macleod syndrome].

PMID- 4059616
TI  - [Polymyositis, immunosuppressive treatment and cardia neoplasms: casual or causal
      relation].

PMID- 4059617
TI  - [Cerebral metastasis simulating pinealoma].

PMID- 4059618
TI  - [Inflammatory intra-abdominal fibrohistiocytoma].

PMID- 4059619
TI  - [Treatment of hypertensive crisis with sublingual nifedipine].

PMID- 4059620
TI  - [Round atelectasis as a false pulmonary tumor].

PMID- 4059621
TI  - [Zieve's syndrome].

PMID- 4059622
TI  - [Cerebrovascular accident as the presenting form of a dissecting aneurysm of the
      aorta].

PMID- 4059623
TI  - [Familial lead poisoning from water of domestic use].

PMID- 4059624
TI  - [Abstracts of the 19th National Congress of Cardiology. 25-28 September 1985,
      Zaragoza].

PMID- 4059626
TI  - [Pseudohypoparathyroidism. A case complicated by reactive hypoglycemia].

PMID- 4059625
TI  - [Comparison between clinical and anatopathologic diagnosis. Contribution of
      autopsy to the clinician].

PMID- 4059627
TI  - [New implantable systems in intensive long-term chemotherapy of leukemias and
      lymphomas].

PMID- 4059628
TI  - [Value of aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of adrenal neoplasms].

PMID- 4059629
TI  - [Autopsy and image technics. Has the utilization of image modern technics
      rendered the autopsy very obsolete? The view of the clinicians].

PMID- 4059631
TI  - Measurement and the analysis of burden.

PMID- 4059630
TI  - Intergenerational cohesion. A comparison of linear and nonlinear analytical
      approaches.

PMID- 4059632
TI  - Synthetic cohorts from panel surveys. An approach to studying rare events.

PMID- 4059633
TI  - Patterns of migration propensity for black and white American men. Evidence from
      a cohort analysis.

PMID- 4059634
TI  - Elder-caregiver relationships in shared households.

PMID- 4059636
TI  - Age as a moderator of the determinants of life satisfaction.

PMID- 4059635
TI  - Cross-cultural aspects of sleep in the elderly.

PMID- 4059637
TI  - The ties that bind. Differentials between seasonal and permanent migrants to
      retirement communities.

PMID- 4059639
TI  - In-home services for the dependent elderly. Determinants of current use and
      implications for future demand.

PMID- 4059638
TI  - Determinants of labor force activity among retired men.

PMID- 4059640
TI  - The hospice ideology and success of hospice care.

PMID- 4059641
TI  - Caregiving strain and the desire to institutionalize family members with
      Alzheimer's disease. Possible predictors and model development.

PMID- 4059642
TI  - Negative health outcomes among the elderly. Predictors and profiles.

PMID- 4059643
TI  - Life satisfaction for older female homemakers, retirees, and workers.

PMID- 4059644
TI  - Period effects on planned age for retirement, 1975-1984. Findings from the
      Normative Aging Study.

PMID- 4059645
TI  - Social networks, stress, adaptation, and health. A longitudinal study of an inner
      city elderly population.

PMID- 4059646
TI  - Role conflict in the postparental period. The effects of employment status on the
      marital satisfaction of women.

PMID- 4059648
TI  - Selectivity among nonmetropolitan-bound male migrants in the middle and later
      years.

PMID- 4059647
TI  - Senior center activities and services. Findings from a national study.

PMID- 4059649
TI  - The effect of cimetidine on the formation of methoxyflurane fluorometabolites in
      mice.
AB  - Pre-dosing of mice with cimetidine reduced the plasma levels of inorganic
      fluoride, one of the fluorometabolites of methoxyflurane. The reduction occurred
      as early as 10 and as late as 160 minutes after cimetidine injection, and it was
      seen at both 30 and 100 minutes after subsequent methoxyflurane administration.
      Multiple pre-dosings with cimetidine did not notably affect the fluoride
      response. These results may be of use in avoiding methoxyflurane toxicity, which
      is thought to be due to markedly elevated fluoride levels in some patients.

PMID- 4059650
TI  - Effects of chronic paraoxon administration on skeletal muscle fiber integrity.
AB  - Rats were injected daily for up to 60 days with low doses of paraoxon to
      determine the effects of chronic organophosphate cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition
      on skeletal muscle fiber integrity. Administration of .05 or .10 mg/kg paraoxon
      for 30 days did not lead to any overt signs of organophosphate toxicity, but did
      produce lesions in diaphragm muscle. Further injections, for up to 60 days, did
      not increase the severity of the myopathy. ChE activity in the end plate region
      of the diaphragm was progressively inhibited by both doses of paraoxon throughout
      the 60 day period. Enzyme activity in the non-end plate region from rats injected
      with .05 mg/kg was unaffected until 60 days of injections, while activity in
      muscle from rats receiving the higher dose was maximally inhibited after 15 days
      and remained at that level of inhibition for the remaining 45 days. Plasma ChE
      activity was maximally inhibited by both doses at 15 days of injection.
      Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in red blood cells from rats injected with
      the low dose of paraoxon showed a progressive inhibition throughout the treatment
      schedule, whereas enzyme activity in red blood cells from rats receiving the
      higher dose was maximally inhibited by 15 days. Results indicate that prolonged
      exposure to low doses of organophosphate ChE inhibitors leads to necrosis of
      skeletal muscle fibers and may be observed without other overt signs of
      organophosphate toxicity.

PMID- 4059651
TI  - The effectiveness of antioxidants in reducing paracetamol-induced damage
      subsequent to paracetamol activation.
AB  - Paracetamol toxicity was studied in isolated mouse hepatocytes. This drug
      produced a concentration- and time-dependent loss of cell viability. Exposure to
      5 mM paracetamol produced a rapid fall in intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH)
      followed by a decrease in plasma membrane integrity. The antioxidant, diphenyl-p
      phenylenediamine (DPPD) had no effect on either the loss of GSH, the binding of
      14C-paracetamol metabolites to protein or the loss of plasma membrane integrity
      when hepatocytes were incubated in 5 mM paracetamol. When hepatocytes were
      exposed to paracetamol for 1 hr they showed a loss of plasma membrane integrity
      during the subsequent 7 hr incubation. DPPD, alpha-tocopherol and promethazine
      reduced this effect when added after the paracetamol exposure. It appears that
      paracetamol exposure initiates toxic events subsequent to the generation of the
      reactive metabolite but prior to cell death and that the progression of these
      events can be interrupted by compounds with antioxidant properties.

PMID- 4059652
TI  - Correlation of 2-PAM plasma levels after organophosphate intoxication.
AB  - In order to investigate the pathophysiological effects of organophosphorus
      poisoning on therapeutic compounds, multiples of the LD50 for sarin and soman
      were injected into guinea pigs after which 2-PAM and atropine sulfate were
      administered intramuscularly. It was found that intoxication by sarin or soman in
      therapeutically treated animals resulted in modifications of plasma oxime
      concentrations. Peak plasma (CPmax) concentrations and areas under the curve
      (AUC) between 1 to 10 min after the injection of 2-PAM were altered in a
      systematic fashion which correlated to the multiple of the LD50 (r greater than
      0.9498). The effect of the sarin and soman was studied at fractions of the LD50,
      i.e. 0.7s, 1.5, 2.2, 2.8, 5.6, 11.2. The influence of the organophosphorus
      poisons on the plasma concentration of 2-PAM is biphasic. Multiples of the LD50
      equal to or below 2.2 tend to decrease, whereas multiples equal to or above 2.8
      tend to increase CPmax and AUC in different groups of animals. Changes in the
      plasma concentrations of 2-PAM may result from alterations in blood flow rates
      and patterns which would alter the distribution and elimination of 2-PAM.

PMID- 4059653
TI  - Enhancement of methyl mercury-induced lipid peroxidation by the addition of
      ascorbic acid.
AB  - Effects of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) and methylmercuric chloride (MMC) in the
      presence of ascorbic acid on lipid peroxidation in rabbit renal cortical
      mitochondria were studied. The addition of ascorbic acid showed no effect on
      HgCl2-induced lipid peroxidation, but ascorbic acid plus MMC were able to
      stimulate the lipid peroxidation markedly. This result suggests that in the
      presence of ascorbic acid MMC has a powerful stimulatory effect on the lipid
      peroxidation in mitochondria.

PMID- 4059654
TI  - Cationic atmosphere and cation competition binding at negatively charged
      membranes: pathological implications of aluminum.
AB  - Binding of cations to membranes may be the basis for explaining some of the
      effects of several neurotoxic cations. The binding of Al3+ and the displacement
      of Ca2+ by Al3+ is studied with the aid of a simple mathematical approach
      described here and giving the same results when compared to the mathematical
      formalism described by Nir and Bentz. The method allows the simulation of
      membranes with low surface charge densities that are relevant for biochemical and
      pathological implications. Fluorescence quenching of the phospholipid analogue 1
      palmitoyl-2-nitrobenzoxadiazol amino caproyl- phosphatidyl choline (C6-NBD-Ptd
      Cho) embedded in phosphatidyl serine membranes is used to determine the
      competition between calcium and aluminum for binding. The effect of aluminum in
      the presence of chelating agents is also studied by quenching experiments.
      Finally, inhibition of 45Ca2+ binding to phosphatidyl serine has also been
      investigated in a two-phase system.

PMID- 4059655
TI  - Fibrinolytic activity of immobilized plasminogen activator.
AB  - Urokinase (UK) was immobilized onto the inner surface of 4-mm ID canine
      autogenous fibrocollagenous tubes in order to develop a fibrinolytic small
      caliber vascular prosthesis. Using a glutaraldehyde entrapment process, the
      immobilized urokinase was compared to its soluble counterpart for its ability to
      degrade fibrin. Fibrin Degradation Product (FDP) levels increased with time for
      both soluble and immobilized urokinase, where FDP levels at complete lysis for
      both soluble and immobilized urokinase, where FDP levels at complete lysis were
      measured at 165.83 +/- 6.44 micrograms/ml. The rate of fibrinolysis was slower
      for the immobilized urokinase compared to its soluble form. The inhibitory effect
      of alpha-2 plasmin inhibitor was shown to be inimical to urokinase activity.
      Using a differential recirculation reactor apparatus and an esterolytic reaction
      involving N-alpha-acetyl-L-lysine methyl ester HCl, the amount of urokinase
      immobilized onto fibrocollagenous tubes (FCT) was measured to be 110 +/- 14 CTA
      units of UK per millimeter graft. The stability of immobilized urokinase was
      maintained for at least 75 hours of operation time, which corresponds to 1 year
      maintained for at least 75 hours of operation time, which corresponds to 1 year
      of storage time. Urokinase-bound fibrocollagenous tubes (UK-FCT), in addition to
      control FCT's, Perloff prostheses, and the autogenous saphenous vein, were
      interposed onto the carotid artery of canine mongrels using end-to-end
      anastomoses with 7-0 prolene sutures. Results indicate that the patency rates for
      UK-FCT's were 86% and 62% after 1 and 2 months, respectively. The Perloff graft
      and the control FCT had much lower patency rates. These results indicate that
      immobilizing urokinase is a viable method of producing a small-caliber
      biocompatible vascular prosthesis.

PMID- 4059656
TI  - Monthly changes in the effect of BCG on the migration of polymorphonuclear
      leucocytes.
AB  - Monthly changes in the migration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) produced
      by subcutaneous implantation of BCG-impregnated rayone-made disks was examined
      over a period of 15 months. In experiments carried out at 90h00, the highest PMN
      count of 40.2 +/- 8.4 PMN/10,000 micrometers2 10,000 micrometers2 was obtained in
      April. Mechanisms that could explain the circannual variation are suggested.

PMID- 4059657
TI  - Genetic toxicity of several antihypertensive drugs possessing a hydrazine group.
AB  - Mutagenicity and genotoxicity of antihypertensive drugs, ecarazine, budralazine,
      benzerazide, and carbidopa were compared with those of hydralazine whose genetic
      toxicity and carcinogenicity were well established. Ecarazine and budralazine as
      well as hydralazine showed apparent mutagenicity in Salmonella/microsome test
      using a strain TA 100 and weak mutagenicity in strains TA 97 and 2637.
      Benzerazide and carbidopa showed merely weak mutagenicity in TA 100. None of
      tested drugs except hydralazine exerted any positive result in hepatocyte primary
      culture (HPC)/DNA repair test, indicating no genotoxic activity of these
      hydrazine drugs.

PMID- 4059658
TI  - Early changes in the levels of serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), T3/T4
      ratio and microsomal carboxylesterase activity in rats following treatment with
      CCL4.
AB  - To study the relationship between the activity of nonspecific carboxylesterase
      located in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) of hepatocytes, and serum
      thyroid hormones including triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and T3/T4
      ratio, we determined these hormones, liver carboxylesterase activity, and serum
      alanine amino-transferase (SGPT) before, and 5 to 720 min after treatment with a
      single oral dose of CC14 (1 ml/kg) in rats. The serum T3/T4 ratio decreased 5 to
      10 min after administration. Each of 16 male and 16 female rats showed a
      significant correlation between carboxylesterase activity and T3/T4 ratio (male,
      r = 0.79, p less than 0.01; female, r = 0.84, p less than 0.01), but revealed no
      correlation between carboxylesterase and T3 or T4, alone. SGPT contents were
      elevated 6 to 12 h after, whereas T3/T4 ratio decreased gradually during the
      course. The SER increased mildly 5 min after, but was irregularly distended 6 h
      after. Changes in the microvilli were not found 5 min after, but the disruption
      was seen 6 h after. These results suggest that serum T3/T4 ratio is closely
      correlated with microsomal carboxylesterase activity in CC14-treated rats and
      represents a microsomal function.

PMID- 4059659
TI  - Exogenous uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid breakdown in rat small intestinal
      mucosa preparations. Effect of other nucleotides.
AB  - Breakdown of UDPGA incorporated in a mixture containing rat liver or small
      intestinal mucosa preparations was investigated in the absence of exogenous sugar
      acceptor. A rapid UDPGA breakdown was seen with intestinal mucosa preparations in
      such a way that UDPGA decreased to about 1% or less of the initial value after 15
      min of incubation. It was estimated that 60 to 70% of total products derived from
      UDPGA at the end of the incubation with intestinal tissue was in the form of
      uridine (90%) and uracil (10%). The addition of UDPG, ATP or UDP-N
      acetylglucosamine protected UDPGA against degradation by tissue. The results
      indicated that care must be taken during the incubation of exogenous UDPGA for
      glucuronyltransferase assay in the intestinal mucosa due to the predominance in
      this tissue of enzyme systems involved in UDPGA breakdown.

PMID- 4059660
TI  - Cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance during intravenous infusion of
      1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in conscious normotensive and
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Cardiovascular responses to intravenous 1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3
      phosphocholine (56 and 112 pmoles/kg/min) were examined in conscious Wistar-Kyoto
      (WKY) normotensive rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) instrumented
      with arterial and venous catheters, and an electromagnetic flow probe around the
      ascending aorta. The results suggest that this compound reduces mean blood
      pressure via a dose related fall in peripheral vascular resistance and cardiac
      index in conscious SHR and WKY rats.

PMID- 4059661
TI  - Effects of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase inhibitors on uptake and
      release of norepinephrine and dopamine from rat brain.
AB  - Inhibitors of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) and amphetamine were
      evaluated for their effects on the uptake of [3H]-norepinephrine (3H-NE) and the
      release of endogenous NE and dopamine (DA) from chopped rat brain tissues. Unlike
      amphetamine, all of PNMT inhibitors tested produced only slight inhibition of
      [3H]-NE uptake into chopped cerebral cortex. 2,3-Dichloro-alpha-methylbenzylamine
      (DCMB) and 7,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (SKF64139), but not 2
      cyclooctyl-2-hydroxyethylamine (CONH) and 1-aminomethylcycloundecanol (CUNH)
      produced slight release of endogenous NE and DA from chopped hypothalami, but
      their effects were less pronounced than those produced by amphetamine.

PMID- 4059662
TI  - A rapid and sensitive procedure for the simultaneous analysis of beta
      phenylethylamine and tranylcypromine in rat brain using trichloroacetylation and
      gas chromatography.
AB  - Aqueous trichloracetylation followed by electron-capture gas chromatography has
      been employed for the rapid, sensitive and simultaneous analysis of the
      endogenous trace amine beta-phenylethylamine and the anti-depressant
      tranylcypromine.

PMID- 4059663
TI  - The adrenal medulla protects against stress ulcers in the presence of gastric
      sympathectomy.
AB  - Surgical splanchnicectomy protects against stress ulcers in the presence of an
      intact adrenal medulla. The additional removal of adrenal medullary
      catecholamines results in an augmentation of gastric lesions. Inhibition of
      gastric acid secretion, improved gastric mucosal blood flow, enhanced gastric
      oxygen extraction, and increased energy supply to gastric tissue are discussed as
      possible protective mechanisms.

PMID- 4059664
TI  - Intrauterine growth retardation caused by dietary biotin and thiamine deficiency
      in the rat.
AB  - The effects on fetal development of maternal biotin deficiency, alone and in
      conjunction with thiamine deficiency, were investigated in rats. Fetuses from
      dams given biotin-deficient diet throughout gestation demonstrated only some
      characteristics of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) including abnormal
      liver weight and a higher brain/liver ratio. However, fetuses from dams given
      biotin-thiamine-deficient diet and daily pyrithiamine (a thiamine antagonist used
      to insure thiamine deficiency) injections demonstrated severe IUGR along all of
      the fetal parameters investigated. We conclude that biotin and thiamine
      deficiency during intrauterine growth of the fetus may be partially responsible
      for the development of IUGR, a frequent concomitant of fetal alcohol syndrome.

PMID- 4059665
TI  - Reactivity of cat tracheal smooth muscle to histamine under conditions of
      experimentally induced inflammation.
AB  - The reactivity of cat tracheal smooth muscle to histamine in vitro was studied at
      various degrees of inflammation of the airways induced experimentally by the
      intratracheal administration of turpentine oil or Staphylococcus aureus, both in
      aerosol form. Tracheal smooth muscle preparations from the control animals did
      not respond to histamine in doses of 10(-9)-10(-3) mol X 1(-1). In tracheal
      preparations from three groups of cats with turpentine oil inflammation induced
      24 h, 48 h and 15 days previously, histamine caused contractions in 20, 70 and
      24% of the cats, respectively, according to the degree of inflammation. All
      tracheal preparations from cats with staphylococcal inflammation responded to
      histamine by contraction. Atropine, acetylosalicylic acid and phentolamine did
      not abolish histamine contractions in tracheal preparations, but clemastine did.

PMID- 4059666
TI  - Inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate in acute infections of the respiratory tract.
AB  - 100 patients with acute tracheitis, tracheobronchitis or bronchitis were randomly
      allocated to receive inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) 100 micrograms qds
      or placebo as an adjunct to oral antihistamine and a tetracycline antibiotic. 2
      patients were withdrawn from analysis, leaving 49 patients in each group. There
      was no evidence that inhaled BDP conferred any benefit or detriment on the
      progress of the condition as assessed by daily symptom scores and weekly clinic
      visits for up to 2 weeks. The same conclusion maintains when the patients were
      subdivided into two grades of severity as assessed by the physician when the
      patient first presented. Inhaled BDP would seem to have no role in the
      inflammatory process associated with those acute infections of presumed viral
      origins.

PMID- 4059667
TI  - Lung inflammation in sarcoidosis: analysis of immunoglobulin levels in
      bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in active and inactive disease.
AB  - Cellular and biochemical analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were performed
      in 8 normal subjects and in 18 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. The patients
      were divided into two groups, according to the intensity of the alveolitis as
      assessed by lung T-lymphocyte percentage and by 67Ga lung scan. High-intensity
      alveolitis (HIA) patients had an increased ratio of OKT4-positive: OKT8-positive
      T cells in their lungs, but not in their blood, compared to low-intensity
      alveolitis (LIA) patients and to controls. Biochemical analyses of BAL showed
      that HIA patients had increased albumin and IgG concentrations compared to LIA
      patients and to controls. IgA concentrations were more elevated in sarcoid
      patients than in controls, with no difference between the two groups of patients.
      No differences were detected in IgM concentrations between the three groups of
      subjects. The levels of different Ig classes were then calculated as a ratio with
      respect to albumin in order to determine whether their presence in BAL fluid was
      due to increased alveolar-capillary 'leak'. The IgG:albumin ratio was
      significantly higher in HIA patients compared to LIA patients and to controls,
      whereas comparison of the IGA: albumin and IgM: albumin ratios showed no
      significant differences between the three groups of subjects. These findings
      suggest that alveolar-capillary permeability is increased in pulmonary
      sarcoidosis and provide evidence that local IgG production is enhanced in active
      states of this disease.

PMID- 4059668
TI  - Rales in silicosis. A correlative study with physiological and radiological
      abnormalities.
AB  - Pulmonary auscultation, pulmonary function tests and radiological examination
      were done in 127 hospitalized patients with silicosis. Fine crackle (FC) was
      heard in 21.3% of patients, coarse crackle (CC) in 28.5%, rhonchi or wheeze
      (RorW) in 25.2% and friction rub (FR) in 5.5%. In complicated silicosis the
      incidence of rales was paradoxically lower than in simple silicosis (54.6 vs.
      83.3%, respectively, p less than 0.05). In simple silicosis, patients with CC
      and/or RorW had lower %VC and FEV1/FVC%, but in complicated silicosis, the
      relation between the presence of rales and pulmonary functional status was not so
      apparent. These results suggest that in relatively advanced silicosis, all kinds
      of rales are heard, and in simple silicosis, rales are useful indicators of
      physiological impairment, but in complicated silicosis, they do not seem to be so
      useful.

PMID- 4059669
TI  - Detection of ventilation unevenness by nitrogen washout and forced vital capacity
      manoeuvres: its limits and reliability.
AB  - We investigated the behaviour of several indices of ventilation unevenness in a
      sample of 234 normal subjects aged between 20 and 80 years, divided into 12
      classes of 5 years each. The aim of the present study was to find out whether it
      is possible to predict a reliable value for each of these indices as a function
      of age, height and TLC. For each index a large dispersion of experimental points
      and a high unexplained variance was found, so that it does not seem worthwhile
      predicting its value as a function of age, height and TLC. We concluded that
      there is no reason to employ these indices to detect the beginning of a lung
      function impairment.

PMID- 4059670
TI  - Effect of methyl prednisolone on normobaric pulmonary oxygen toxicity in rats.
AB  - Male albino rats were exposed to 81, 86, 90 or 99% oxygen until death. Rats were
      also administered methyl prednisolone (MP) 10-60 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally. MP
      treated rats survived significantly less than controls: 53.5 +/- 4.7 vs. 65.2 +/-
      8.2 h, p less than 0.001 in 99% O2, 74.4 +/- 9.4 vs. 120 +/- 39.8 h, p less than
      0.02 in 86% O2 and 113.7 +/- 21.4 vs. 162 +/- 17.9 h, p less than 0.03 in 81% O2.
      Rats were exposed to 99% O2 for 10, 30 and 50 h and the activity of superoxide
      dismutase (SOD) and catalase in their lungs was monitored. MP-treated rats showed
      less increase in pulmonary SOD after 10 h (111 vs. 171%, p less than 0.03) but no
      effect on SOD activity thereafter. MP had no effect on the response of catalase
      to O2. No effect of MP on lung morphology could be found under the light
      microscope.

PMID- 4059671
TI  - Platelets in rats with chronic normobaric hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - A study of the platelet count in rats exposed to normobaric hypoxia for 4 weeks
      revealed that hypoxia alone, without any change in barometric pressure,
      considerably reduced the number of thrombocytes. In order to elucidate the
      mechanism of hypoxic thrombocytopenia, the survival and recovery of 51Cr-labelled
      platelets were tested. The survival and recovery of platelets from hypoxic rats
      injected into normoxic recipients were normal. However, when 51Cr-labelled
      platelets from normoxic rats were injected into a hypoxic recipient, the survival
      was found to be normal but the recovery of those platelets was lower than in the
      normal rat. This finding suggests that the reduction of platelet counts in
      normobaric hypoxia may be due to the platelets' partial sequestration.

PMID- 4059672
TI  - In vitro lymphocytic stimulation with PPD.
AB  - One-way mixed lymphocyte reaction with PPD in healthy volunteers and in patients
      suffering from tuberculosis gave us no correlation with the degree of Mantoux
      sensitization. There were two major indications for further study: (a) An
      adequate stimulation index (SI) against PPD in vitro in tuberculosis patients
      correlated with satisfactory treatment results in a higher percentage than did a
      low stimulation index. (b) In patients, a lower PPD concentration seems to be
      needed for a stimulation index greater than one than in healthy individuals.

PMID- 4059673
TI  - Clinical experience with short-course chemotherapy in patients with tubercular
      pleural effusion and lymphadenitis.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with pleural effusion and 27 patients with lymphadenitis,
      both tubercular in origin, were administered isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol
      in a daily single dose for 9 months. 100% response was seen in patients with
      pleural effusion. In the case of tuberculous lymphadenitis the therapeutic
      response was unsatisfactory, and complete resolution of lymph nodes was achieved
      in 16 out of 27 patients only (59%). Drug treatment had to be extended for
      another 3 months which gave 89% response. In view of our present findings, short
      course chemotherapy appears not to be the ideal mode of treatment for tuberculous
      lymphadenitis. There were no side effects from drug therapy in either group of
      patients.

PMID- 4059674
TI  - Synchronous presentation of two primary bronchogenic carcinomas.
AB  - A 61-year-old man underwent chemotherapy for a small-cell undifferentiated lung
      cancer. During this treatment the primary tumour showed complete remission,
      whereas a lesion in the contralateral lung increased in size. This second tumour
      was found on cytological examination to be a moderately differentiated
      adenocarcinoma which was resected. Histological examination of the resected lung
      segment provided confirmation that this was a second primary bronchogenic
      carcinoma. The treatment of synchronous primary bronchogenic carcinomas is
      reviewed.

PMID- 4059675
TI  - Chylothorax after mantle field irradiation for Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - 6 years after mantle field irradiation for stage IA Hodgkin's disease, a patient
      presented with right-sided chylothorax. Even after thorough investigation no
      etiology for the chylothorax was found. It is suggested that chylothorax can be
      due to previous radiotherapy.

PMID- 4059676
TI  - Small airway changes in workers exposed to asbestos.

PMID- 4059677
TI  - [Veno-venous extracorporeal lung assist with a double lumen catheter in small
      dogs as an analogy of the human neonate].

PMID- 4059678
TI  - [Regional pulmonary functions of spontaneous pneumothorax in the post-thoracotomy
      stage].

PMID- 4059679
TI  - [Effect of nifedipine on left ventricular function in patients with dilated
      cardiomyopathy: evaluation by dynamic exercise echocardiography].

PMID- 4059680
TI  - [The effects of TA-064, dopamine and isoproterenol on the acutely ischemic
      myocardium].

PMID- 4059681
TI  - [Effects of aprindine on the induction and termination of supraventricular
      tachycardia in patients with accessory pathway syndrome].

PMID- 4059682
TI  - [A case of idiopathic isolated tricuspid valve prolapse associated with tricuspid
      regurgitation].

PMID- 4059683
TI  - [A case report of late cardiac tamponade after closure of an atrial septal
      defect].

PMID- 4059684
TI  - [Isolated tricuspid regurgitation due to infective endocarditis. A case report of
      the successful replacement of the tricuspid valve].

PMID- 4059685
TI  - [Sleep deprivation in the obese patient--2 cases with Pickwickian syndrome].

PMID- 4059686
TI  - [Secondary cardiac disease due to postnephrectomy arterio-venous fistula. Report
      of a case and review of literature].

PMID- 4059687
TI  - Evidence of sequential opening and closing of lung units during inflation
      deflation of excised rat lungs.
AB  - In this study we propose a descriptive model of the events occurring in an
      excised lung during an inflation-deflation cycle. The model was developed by
      observing changes in small pressure-volume loops superimposed on quasistatic
      pressure volume curves. It was found that the shape of the small loops during
      lung inflation was a function of the previous end-expiratory pressure. These
      experimental results could most easily be explained by a model of the lung in
      which individual lung units open sequentially as the lung is inflated. During
      sequential recruitment, individual lung units open quickly to a volume determined
      by the transpulmonary pressure. The units then homogeneously increase and
      decrease in size according to pressure-volume curves similar to the deflation
      curve of the entire lung. Once lung units have been recruited, they remain open
      until the lung has been deflated to end-expiratory pressures below 3-4 cm H2O.
      Reducing the end-expiratory pressure to lower values causes additional
      derecruitment of lung units until a transpulmonary pressure of 0.0 to -1.0 cm H2O
      has been reached.

PMID- 4059688
TI  - Role of intrinsic muscles and tracheal motion in modulating laryngeal receptors.
AB  - Recording from the superior laryngeal nerve discloses a respiratory modulated
      activity even in the absence of airflow and pressure changes in the larynx. The
      present study evaluates the relative contribution of intrinsic laryngeal muscle
      activity and transmitted tracheal movement on the respiratory modulation of
      laryngeal mechanoreceptors. Seventy-four receptors were studied in 22
      anesthetized spontaneously breathing dogs. The modulation of 31 receptors
      depended solely on laryngeal muscle activity since it was abolished by cold block
      of laryngeal nerves. Twelve receptors were primarily activated by tracheal
      movement since tracheal stabilization alone reduced or abolished their
      modulation. The respiratory modulation of the remaining 31 receptors was found to
      be dependent on both laryngeal muscle activity and tracheal movements. Lidocaine
      (2%) was applied to the receptor field of 13 endings; the results indicate that
      while some receptors are located superficially (blocked within 1 min) others are
      located in deeper structures (not affected in 30 min). These receptors may be
      involved in the precise coordination of laryngeal muscle activity and could play
      a role in the regulation of breathing pattern and airway patency due to their
      pressure sensitivity.

PMID- 4059689
TI  - The effect of the phase relationship between the arterial blood gas oscillations
      and central neural respiratory activity on phrenic motoneurone output in cats.
AB  - The aim of the present experiments in artificially ventilated, anesthetized cats
      was to investigate in which circumstances the timing of the arterial blood gas
      oscillations within the respiratory cycle can be of importance in determining
      phrenic motoneurone output. The phase relationship phi was defined as the
      relative position of the peak of the phrenic bursts within the current
      continuously measured PaO2 oscillations. It was judged breath by breath whether
      there was a relationship between phi and neural tidal volume, and neural
      inspiratory and expiratory duration. Within cats, PETCO2 was kept constant at
      about 1.5-2% above apneic threshold. It was found that phi indeed partly
      determined these ventilatory parameters provided the oscillations were large
      enough. This was evident in normoxia; in moderate hypoxia the influence of phi
      was demonstrable more easily, i.e. at smaller oscillation amplitudes. In both
      conditions the effect of phi on neural tidal volume was most pronounced. Neural
      tidal volume was maximal when peak inspiration coincided with the expiratory
      trough of the PaO2 oscillations. A 1:1 phase lock between phrenic activity and
      the ventilatory only occurred when the pump frequency was close to the cats own
      breathing frequency. Bilateral carotid sinus nerve section abolished the effects
      of phi.

PMID- 4059690
TI  - Cardiac output and muscle blood flow in exercising dogs.
AB  - Average blood flow (q) was determined by trapping of 15 micron radioactive
      microspheres in the vastus lateralis, the gastrocnemius-flexor digitorum
      superficialis and the triceps brachii of five 18 kg untrained mongrel dogs at
      rest and during graded treadmill running. Oxygen uptake (VO2) and cardiac output
      (Qco) were simultaneously determined. q leveled off in all investigated muscles
      at 60-100 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1 when VO2 was ca. 70% of peak VO2. Qco increased
      linearly with VO2 up to peak VO2. The regional blood flow (qR) distribution
      pattern within the muscle was found to be extremely scattered around q, both at
      rest and at heavy exercise. qR ranged from approximately 5 to approximately 55 ml
      X 100 g-1 X min-1 at rest and from approximately 10 to approximately 200 ml X 100
      g-1 X min-1 at maximal exercise. No significant topographic pattern was observed
      in the qR distribution of the gastrocnemius muscle which was essentially similar
      to that previously found for the isolated-perfused muscle preparation. The
      results indicate that maximal limb muscle blood flow and/or its uneven
      distribution may be the primary limiting factor to peak VO2 in untrained running
      dogs.

PMID- 4059691
TI  - The effect of central and peripheral dopamine-agonists on ventilation in the
      mouse.
AB  - This study was designed to investigate the role of central dopaminergic pathways
      in ventilatory control in unanaesthetised, chemoreceptor intact mice. Dopamine
      does not cross the blood-brain barrier and was used to selectively affect
      peripheral arterial chemoreceptors. Levodopa, the immediate precursor of
      dopamine, was given alone when it is converted to dopamine mainly in the
      periphery, and together with carbidopa, which prevents the peripheral conversion
      of levodopa to dopamine, and enhances central generation of dopamine from
      levodopa. Dopamine (60-240 mg X kg-1), levodopa (50-300 mg X kg-1), and levodopa
      with carbidopa in a constant ratio of 10:1 (33/3.3-100/10 mg X kg-1) were given
      by intraperitoneal injection. Ventilation was measured in 10% O2 and in 7.5% CO2
      by a plethysmographic method. Levodopa with carbidopa stimulated ventilation in
      both 10% O2 and 7.5% CO2. Ventilation in 10% O2 increased from 55.1 +/- 1.43 ml X
      min-1 (mean +/- SE) to 93.8 +/- 4.75 ml X min-1 with levodopa 100 mg X kg
      1/carbidopa 10 mg X kg-1 (P less than 0.01). Ventilation in 7.5% CO2 increased
      from 101.8 +/- 3.42 ml X min-1 to 138.5 +/- 4.94 ml X min-1 with levodopa 100 mg
      X kg-1/carbidopa 10 mg X kg-1 (P less than 0.05). In contrast, very high doses of
      dopamine alone (240 mg X kg-1) and levodopa alone (300 mg X kg-1) depressed
      hypoxic but not hypercapnic ventilation. Carbidopa alone had no effect of
      ventilation. It is concluded that dopaminergic transmission within the brain
      mediates pathways leading to increased ventilation.

PMID- 4059692
TI  - Ventilation and oxygen consumption in the guinea pig.
AB  - Respiratory values were determined in guinea pigs studied under normal laboratory
      conditions in Denver. The effects of anesthesia and acute hypercapnia were also
      assessed. In normal laboratory conditions, VO2 and VE were proportional to body
      weight (BW). Specific VO2 and VE for small guinea pigs (mean BW: 269 g) were 1.14
      +/- 0.04 (SEM) and 57.5 +/- 3.9 ml/g X h, respectively, compared to 0.82 +/- 0.03
      (P less than 0.001) and 29.9 +/- 0.8 ml/g X h (P less than 0.001), respectively,
      for large animals (mean BW: 817 g). Tidal volume (VT) was related to BW by the
      following equation: VT (ml) = 3.97 X 10(-3) BW (g) + 2.05 (r = 0.82; P less than
      0.001). During anesthesia VO2 decreased 25-63% and VE was reduced by 45% in those
      animals having the largest change in VO2. In hypercapnia, VE was more than twice
      that in normocapnia primarily due to a 75-95% elevation in VT.

PMID- 4059693
TI  - Effects of cold and hypoxia on ventilation and oxygen consumption in awake guinea
      pigs.
AB  - Ventilation and oxygen consumption were measured in awake, unrestrained and
      unintubated guinea pigs during chronic and acute exposure to cold or hypoxia.
      Specific VE and VO2 in acute and chronic exposure to cold were more than twice
      that of animals in normal environmental temperatures. Increased ventilation was
      mainly due to a 70% greater VT in cold. Cold-acclimated guinea pigs returned
      acutely to normal temperatures, maintained higher VE and VO2 than that of control
      animals. Acclimation to cold did not result in respiratory advantages over that
      of control animals acutely exposed to cold. In hypoxia-acclimated guinea pigs,
      specific VE was 30% higher than that of control animals due to an elevation in
      VT; however, VO2 was similar in both groups of animals. In contrast, acute
      hypoxia did not increase VE in control animals. This lack of ventilatory response
      to acute hypoxia apparently causes the marked erythropoiesis and the severe
      increase in hematocrit observed throughout chronic exposure to hypoxia. The high
      blood viscosity resulting from the increased hematocrit contributes to the right
      ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac failure in guinea pigs chronically exposed to
      hypoxia.

PMID- 4059694
TI  - Psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial problems in primary health care as seen by
      doctors.
AB  - All visits at a primary health care centre in Sweden were studied during four
      weeks. The frequency of psychiatric symptoms or psychosocial problems noted by
      the doctors was recorded on a special form in addition to routine registration of
      diagnoses. Such problems were noted in 553 out of 3 205 visits, corresponding to
      17.3%. Considerable variation in registering problems was found between
      individual physicians and between different categories of doctors. The most
      common problems were nervousness, anxiety, psychosomatic disorders, and
      depression. Mental problems were especially common in connection with gastritis,
      precordial pain, and abdominal pain. There was a difference between the sexes:
      20% of the female patients had mental problems registered compared with 14% of
      the male patients. Psychiatric diagnoses, however, were registered in only 6% of
      all cases. Of the 553 patients with mental problems, 16% were considered in need
      of a specialist, 52% could be dealt with at the health centre, and for 32% no
      special treatment for the mental problems was regarded necessary. One conclusion
      is that the routine registration of diagnoses at the health centre covers only
      some of the mental problems and is therefore insufficient in terms of planning
      psychiatric resources and the training of doctors. Possible reasons for the
      differences found are discussed.

PMID- 4059695
TI  - The general practitioner and information to cancer patients.
AB  - Information to cancer patients is a continuous process, and a considerable
      personal undertaking is usually needed. The general practitioner is in an unique
      position because of his contact with the cancer patient and his family during all
      stages of the disease. This gives him both opportunities and the responsibility
      for this information. The basis for cancer patient information can briefly be
      given in the "three c's": Communication, Coordination and Cooperation-
      communication both to patient and family and coordination and cooperation between
      the multitude of professionals, who often taken care of the cancer patient right
      through his illness.

PMID- 4059696
TI  - Social group work in a group practice. Group work with the retired elderly in
      Copenhagen.
AB  - Standards of value exist in our society, which are based on a predominant
      conception of personal worth through socioeconomic utility. This gives some
      elderly people in their nonwork status, a self-image of uselessness and
      worthlessness, due to the loss of role, reference group, and decrease in
      prestige. This condition may lead to depression. Two social workers implemented
      an experiment on social group work in general practice in Copenhagen. The general
      practitioners referred for participation thirteen men and women, between sixty
      and seventy years old, who had left the labour market within the last three
      years. It seems possible to involve elderly people in expressing their individual
      problems to each other in a group, and to stimulate a better adaption to the new
      role as pensioner by increasing the members' ability to compensate through other
      activities. This might produce guidelines for resolving various common problems
      among elderly people.

PMID- 4059698
TI  - A revolution in primary care of Norway?

PMID- 4059697
TI  - Prescription of digitalis in a health centre serving a defined rural population
      in Iceland.
AB  - The use of digitalis glycosides in the Egilsstadir district in eastern Iceland
      was studied. The district which has a well-defined catchment area has a health
      centre with three general practitioners serving a registered population of 2802
      inhabitants. This is 1.2% of the total population of Iceland with similar age and
      sex distribution. Twenty-four patients (0.9%) were treated with digitalis
      glycosides. The most common patient complaint before starting therapy was
      shortness of breath. The general practitioners started therapy in 17 cases,
      consultants in seven. Ecg was taken before therapy in 22 cases and showed 15
      patients with sinus rhythm. The most common diagnosis was heart failure (62%).
      The only glycoside used was digoxin. The use of cardiac glycosides in the
      Egilsstadir health district was low both compared with Iceland as a whole and
      with other Nordic countries. Considering studies on discontinuation of
      maintenance digoxin therapy in general practice and also the findings in this
      study it is suggested that the use of digitalis glycosides in the Egilsstadir
      health district and in Iceland could be even lower.

PMID- 4059699
TI  - The active medicine user.
AB  - The purpose of the study is to analyse medicine behaviour seen from the user's
      point of view. The study intends to generate ideas to specify topics of problems
      and to try out a combination of qualitative research methods. The practitioners
      and four asthmatic patients attached to a health centre in Billund, Denmark, were
      interviewed. The patients kept a diary based on topics, the notes of which were
      elaborated by weekly telephone interviews. In a final interview all participants
      evaluated the course of the study. The combination of qualitative methods has
      been very suitable to provide the perspective of the user. The results of the
      study question the ideal picture of the patient as a passive user of medicine.
      The main trends show that: the users develop different strategies to evaluate
      medication therapy; it has negative consequences to the patient when medication
      is changed regardless of patient experience; the therapy improves when the doctor
      draws on the experience of the patient. The study contributes to the present,
      sparse knowledge about the consciously acting user of medicine and indicates the
      importance of incorporating the user's experience and life situation in the
      health care system's handling of health problems.

PMID- 4059700
TI  - Research and development work in primary health care in Sweden.
AB  - In this report a review is given on research and development work in primary
      health care (PHC) in Sweden. PHC has by tradition been very weak in Sweden. As a
      result of the new Health Care Act of 1983, however, PHC has entered an era of
      rapid development. A brief historical description of primary health care research
      activities is given. These have initially been concentrated at a few field
      research stations, under the guidance of departments of social medicine during
      the 1970s. Since 1980, departments of general practice have also been set up in
      Sweden. Even though most research activities are conducted at specific research
      units in PHC, the results from a survey in the Autumn of 1982 show that much is
      happening elsewhere: 31 percent of the 712 PHC centres have ongoing projects,
      altogether 520. The majority (142/520) are taking place in Stockholm county. The
      projects are predominantly within the field of epidemiology, preventive medicine
      and health services research. Consequently few projects concern purely clinical
      questions.

PMID- 4059701
TI  - Dental programmes for children and young adults in Denmark in a social
      perspective.
AB  - This report describes the development in dental health in the children and young
      adult population in Denmark. Based on national as well as selected survey
      epidemiological data, the improvement in the dental caries situation is
      illustrated. Over a decade a reduction of about 50% in dental caries prevalence
      has been registered in children. In young adults caries prevalence has been
      reduced and participation in regular dental care has increased significantly. The
      effects of the organized dental programmes on different social groups are
      illustrated pointing to modifications in the social inequities in the dental
      services. Longitudinal studies will be needed to prove positive long term effects
      on adult dental health, which is considered to be the ultimate goal of the
      programmes.

PMID- 4059702
TI  - Cooperation between hospital and general practice in multipractice studies.
      Personal experiences from a study on early diagnosis for gastric cancer.
AB  - In this study close cooperation between general practice and out patient clinic
      made it possible to establish earlier diagnosis of serious disease using advanced
      diagnostic methods on patients seen only in general practice. However, the
      cooperation established in an attempt to diagnose gastric cancer at an early
      stage using endoscopic technique revealed major practical problems. It was
      difficult to make exact calculations of the background population because of the
      degree of the patients' right to choose a general practitioner. Furthermore,
      referral of all patients wanted for investigation proved a major obstacle,
      because of differences in workload and lack of understanding of scientific
      principles among the participating general practitioners. The desired cooperation
      between general practice and out patient clinics cannot easily be established in
      a way which gives us exact and scientifically reliable data, and such cooperation
      for scientific purposes--can only involve smaller groups of doctors. However, the
      education of general practitioners in scientific methods and understanding, and
      hospital doctors in knowledge about the consequences of working conditions in
      general practice should be considerably improved.

PMID- 4059703
TI  - Home readings of blood pressure in hypertension.
AB  - Out-patient-clinic blood pressure (OPC-BP) was compared to blood pressure taken
      at home (Home-BP) measured three times daily during a two week period in 66
      consecutively referred hypertensive subjects. A semi-automatic manometer was used
      (TM-101) which included a microphone for detection of Korotkoff sounds, self
      deflation of cuff pressure and digital display of blood pressure. Mean difference
      between OPC-BP and Home-BP was systolic +14 mmHg (range -20/+100 mmHg) and
      diastolic +5 mmHg (range -27/+28 mmHg). Although a significant correlation could
      be demonstrated between Home-BP and OPC-BP, the inter-individual scatter was
      pronounced. There was no preponderance of patients with hypertensive organ damage
      among those with high OPC-BP or Home-BP. It is proposed that home readings should
      be included in the assessment and control of patients with hypertension,
      especially among badly controlled subjects and those with borderline
      hypertension.

PMID- 4059704
TI  - Continuity of care in health care teams. A comparison of continuity measures and
      organisational solutions.
AB  - With the aid of a continuity index (K), ranged from 0 to 100% and previously
      described, a comparison has been made in a primary care district before and after
      the opening of a new health care centre. An organization with health care teams
      seems to have contributed to a considerable improvement in continuity. The K
      index increased from 28 to 69% for scheduled and acute visits taken together.
      About 90% of the visits to the ordinary district physicians were made by people
      living in the "correct" geographical area. The corresponding figure as regards
      visits to the district nurse and nurse was 97%. When the service time at a health
      centre, not organised with health care teams, was expanded and the number of
      physicians increased, the K index rose from 43 to 54%. When three positions as
      full-time physicians were divided into six half-time, the K index dropped from
      53% to 42%. In order to assess the K index, it was compared to three other
      measures (UPC, COC and SECON). They all tended to give fairly similar results
      when applied to empirical data, although the K index required less detailed data
      to compute. Therefore, the K index can be considered to be a worthwhile measure
      to use, when analyzing the effects of organizational changes.

PMID- 4059705
TI  - Urticaria among Danish children in general practice.
AB  - During a three month period 186 Danish general practitioners recorded 97 children
      with urticaria. No significant difference in frequency relating to sex was found.
      In 88 per cent of the cases the reason for contact was pruritus and exanthema.
      Patients did not appear to attend the practitioner on account of fear of serious
      disease. In 15 out of 21 children the disease had persisted for less than 24
      months. Ninety-four per cent were questioned about provoking factors, but in only
      17% was the aetiology elucidated. Only five patients revisited their general
      practitioner during a 14 day follow-up period. This confirms that most cases in
      general practice belong to the acute urticaria type in contrast to cases of
      urticaria in dermatology out-patient clinics. Seventy-five per cent were treated
      with drugs, in most cases with antihistamines.

PMID- 4059706
TI  - Monoclonal gammopathy in general practice. Associated clinical conditions.
AB  - The clinical diagnoses in all 88 cases of monoclonal gammopathy, detected by
      general practitioners in Northern Jutland during a 3-year period, were
      investigated: 15% had malignant monoclonal gammopathy, 5% had non-haematologic
      cancers, and in 80% a benign disorder was found. These results indicate that the
      finding of a monoclonal gammopathy in general practice deserves attention, but it
      is rarely accompanied by a grave prognosis. Malignant monoclonal gammopathy
      should be suspected, but search for another type of cancer is not indicated.

PMID- 4059707
TI  - Adjustment of blood pressure data by season.
AB  - Seasonal variation in blood pressure was examined in 801 males of age 50 years
      and over. Systolic and diastolic pressures revealed significant seasonal patterns
      with peaks in spring and late autumn and troughs in mid-winter and summer. The
      blood pressure data standardized for age and body weight (kg/m2) and adjusted for
      irregular fluctuations showed that the range of variation in systolic pressure
      within a year was 8-9 mmHg and that in diastolic pressure 5 mmHg. Careful
      analysis of the data indicates that the variations in blood pressure attributable
      to the month of the year are at least as significant as those due to age and body
      weight. An example is drawn from an actual study which demonstrates how estimates
      of the prevalence of hypertension may be substantially biased if the seasonal
      pattern in blood pressure is not taken into account. It is therefore suggested
      that this factor should be allowed for routinely, at least in local
      epidemiological surveys, in addition it should be recognised as important in
      daily clinical work--especially in those patients who are in need of
      antihypertensive treatment.

PMID- 4059708
TI  - Interventional research in primary health care for the elderly.

PMID- 4059709
TI  - Why do our patients see us? A study of reasons for encounter in general practice.
AB  - The patients' reasons for encounter were recorded in 10 278 personal doctor
      patient contacts in nine Norwegian municipalities over a two-month period, and
      were classified according to a simplified version of the WHO "Reason for
      Encounter Classification". A two-dimensional classification system was used where
      each reason was classified according to the location and type of problem.
      Symptoms and complaints made up 64.9% of all encounters. Most of the encounters
      were related to the musculo-skeletal, circulatory and female genital systems. The
      most frequent single reason for encounter was pain in the musculo-skeletal system
      (15.5% of all encounters). Psychological and social reasons were rather
      infrequent 3.1% and 0.3%. Compared with the frequencies of psychiatric and social
      diagnoses recorded in general practice, this indicates a discrepancy between the
      patient's own opinion of problems and the doctor's interpretations. Females had a
      significantly higher contact rate than males, mainly due to problems related to
      the genital system, inclusive of the breast.

PMID- 4059710
TI  - Integrated education of health care professionals applied to social medicine in
      primary health care.
AB  - A Regional Health University is planned at the University of Linkoping, Sweden.
      To evaluate new educational principles, a trial project was carried out in which
      medical and nursing students trained together in a two-week full-time course
      aimed at patient-oriented clinical social medicine and epidemiological field work
      in primary health care and involving a high degree of group activity and
      responsibility. The students' expectations concerning improvement in theoretical
      and applied knowledge and motivation for co-operation in future work situations
      were fulfilled. The students also enjoyed the way of working. The programme
      requires more time in planning and supervision than a traditional one.

PMID- 4059711
TI  - Medical students' experiences of rectal examination and occult blood test.
AB  - The experiences of seventy-six final-year medical students with chemical faecal
      occult blood tests (FOBT) and rectal examination were assessed using a simple
      questionnaire. About one third of the students had no experience at all. Among
      the students familiar with the tests one third had received their experience
      exclusively outside the teaching environment. The findings may partly explain why
      physicians seem to often omit rectal examinations and FOBT even when indicated in
      the diagnostic process.

PMID- 4059712
TI  - Design, findings and five-year follow-up of preventive medical lipid intervention
      clinic in Malmo.
AB  - In a separate lipid intervention clinic integrated within the framework of a
      multiphasic preventive medical population program in Malmo, 401 of 2431 screening
      attenders in a male birth-year cohort born in 1927 and 1928 had elevated values
      of triglyceride and/or cholesterol. Hypertriglyceridemia was more than three
      times as frequent as hypercholesterolemia. Of these attenders 20% had normal
      values at the second control, 5% did not attend the second test and 92 (31.2%) of
      the remaining were referred to other clinics because of other high risk factors.
      Thus, 209 (8.6% of the screening attenders) males born in 1927 and 1928 attended
      the lipid clinic for isolated hyperlipidemia. Disregarding a 5-year drop-out
      frequency of 13 sections, a significant reduction in the lipids was obtained
      during the follow-up period in those remaining in treatment. This study
      demonstrates the feasibility in taking care of hyperlipidemic individuals after a
      screening detection program. Detection and treatment of hyperlipidemia should of
      course also be initiated in the individual case in ordinary medical practice.

PMID- 4059713
TI  - Danish primary health care research 1950-80. Organization, content, methods.
AB  - This paper describes the development of Danish research into the primary health
      care system 1950-80 during which 1198 reports were published. After this research
      field had been given a high priority by the National Danish Medical Research
      Board, the number of reports published per year increased rapidly. This was also
      a consequence of an increased understanding both in the population and among
      professionals in the health care system, of the importance of prevention and thus
      of social components in morbidity and in the consequences of disease. The
      published reports are described concerning the underlying research organization,
      the research objectives, and the methodology applied. Needs for future activities
      are outlined, especially the need for methodological education and for research
      concerning the organization of the primary health care system. Research should be
      directed towards the involvement of the population in decisions in the primary
      health care system, thus enabling greater understanding of morbidity and
      consequences of disease and, consequently, increasing activity in the promotion
      of good health.

PMID- 4059714
TI  - Epidemic ascariasis--evidence of transmission by imported vegetables.
AB  - This paper describes a local Ascaris lumbricoides epidemic with special reference
      to the factors giving rise to its breaking out. Ten of the 12 patients were
      children, and six patients were definitely diagnosed for Ascaris lumbricoides
      worms in their faeces in addition to worm eggs. The epidemic was probably due to
      imported vegetables and took place in the early winter 1982 and 1983.

PMID- 4059715
TI  - International Society for Clinical Biostatistics, fifth international meeting.
      San Marino, 9-13 September 1984.

PMID- 4059716
TI  - Assessing apparent treatment--covariate interactions in randomized clinical
      trials.
AB  - In the context of clinical trials, a qualitative treatment--covariate interaction
      occurs when a patient's preferred treatment depends on his covariates. In this
      paper I review the nature and interpretation of various kinds of interactions,
      compare the use of overall tests for interaction to subset analysis, present some
      examples of apparent treatment-covariate interactions that have arisen in actual
      randomized clinical trials, and discuss some recent work by others related to
      significance testing, estimation and assessment of apparent treatment-covariate
      interactions.

PMID- 4059717
TI  - Prognostic factors for stage I melanoma of the skin: a review.
AB  - The prognosis of melanoma of the skin has been investigated in many studies. In
      this report papers on the prognosis of stage I melanoma published since 1975 in
      the leading oncology journals have been reviewed. Further the data collected by
      the WHO Collaborating Centre for Evaluation of Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment
      of Melanoma are analysed, and the results compared with those of other series.
      Three factors emerge as clearly influencing prognosis: sex, maximum tumour
      thickness and ulceration. The role of other factors and particularly that of an
      interaction between tumour thickness and ulceration conjectured by some authors
      remains questionable.

PMID- 4059718
TI  - Comparison of the mortality of a cohort with the mortality of a reference
      population in a prognostic study.
AB  - It is standard practice in epidemiological studies to compare the observed
      mortality of a cohort to the mortality expected in a reference population of the
      same age and sex distributions computed from national statistics. The same
      methods can be used in a prognostic study where the effects on survival of
      potential prognostic factors are studied in a cohort of patients with a given
      disease. Writing the hazard function in the cohort as the product of the hazard
      function in the reference population and a function of some characteristics of
      the patients, one can derive simple estimates and statistical tests of the
      standardised mortality ratios (Breslow et al.). The study of a cohort of patients
      with thyroid cancer will provide an example.

PMID- 4059719
TI  - Correspondence analysis in a study of the clinical evolution of uncomplicated
      chronic relapsing alcoholic pancreatitis.
AB  - This paper gives an example of the use of correspondence analysis in a study of
      the risk factors of surgery in uncomplicated chronic relapsing alcoholic
      pancreatitis (UCRAP) where censored observations are present. Ninety-seven
      patients were admitted to a long-term follow-up project on the clinical evolution
      of UCRAP. During follow-up 61 patients underwent surgery, while the observations
      for the remaining 36 patients were censored. Correspondence analysis was
      performed on three prognostic variables, selected by a preliminary univariate
      analysis. A supplementary variable indicating the state of each patient at a
      particular time (still in follow-up, operated on, lost to follow-up), was
      projected onto the best factor plane chosen by correspondence analysis. Cox's
      proportional hazards regression model was also used with the scores of patients
      on the factor axes as independent variables to evaluate their prognostic
      importance. Both correspondence analysis and the Cox model showed that the first
      two axes provide important prognostic information. Furthermore, the former
      suggested a pattern of censorship for patients with observations censored after 5
      years of follow-up. The results of this study confirm that correspondence
      analysis may be useful in follow-up studies by providing graphic display of
      important information relative both about the event under study and about
      censored observations.

PMID- 4059720
TI  - Hypothesis testing in the polychotomous logistic model with an application to
      detecting gastrointestinal cancer.
AB  - We discuss the use of the trichotomous logistic model to discriminate between
      patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, patients with benign GI disease and
      'normal' subjects, using symptoms and the concentrations of some serum proteins
      that are potentially indicative of malignancy as covariates. A parsimonious model
      can be obtained by invoking an indistinguishability hypothesis which is
      appropriate when a covariate is considered to have no predictive value between
      categories. It is shown that the polychotomous model can be re-parameterised
      under the null hypothesis to give a 'reduced form', which can be fitted by
      maximum likelihood. The validity of the use of the same methods for retrospective
      sampling is discussed. The approach is illustrated by the development of a
      logistic model to identify symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects with a high risk
      of GI cancer.

PMID- 4059721
TI  - Multiplicative and additive models with external controls in a cohort study of
      cancer mortality.
AB  - The use of additive and multiplicative hazard models is examined for a cohort
      study of 2696 women followed up for 12 years. The multiplicative model implied
      that women with a haemoglobin level less than 12 g/dl were at higher risk from
      cancer, and the additive model showed that this risk was confined to women after
      the menopause. Despite difficulties in fitting and in interpretation, additive
      model can be useful in the analysis of cohort studies.

PMID- 4059722
TI  - Comparison of three devices for measuring blood pressure.
AB  - Blood pressure measurement with two automatic devices, Dinamap 845 and Sentry,
      was compared with the standard mercury sphygmomanometer, by means of a 3-period
      crossover experiment. Both automatic devices read diastolic pressure considerably
      lower than the mercury sphygmomanometer (about 7 mmHg on average); agreement was
      better for systolic pressure. Device differences in individual patients were
      often much higher. To assess the patient's emotional pressor response during
      manual measurement, Dinamap was used to monitor blood pressure before, during and
      after measurement with the mercury sphygmomanometer. No rise in pressure was
      found. It is concluded that the three devices can often give different values,
      and that the physician's involvement cannot explain these differences.

PMID- 4059723
TI  - Are routine clinical chemistry analyses 'in control' according to Shewhart's
      technique?
AB  - The clinical laboratory routinely uses quality control (QC) procedures. The
      Shewhart technique of charting control data, introduced in 1950, is usually
      applied in a much simplified manner. This reduces its power to distinguish
      between random errors and errors due to assignable causes. In a comparison of one
      of our routine charting procedures with a correct Shewhart procedure we checked
      23 chemical tests. We found that using the latter 'a stable system of chance
      causes' did not exist for 6 tests. Both control procedures agreed well on the
      evaluation of reproducibility. For three of the tests, albumin, urea and uric
      acid, the instability was not detected by the routine procedure. Although
      charting of group means (mean i) and ranges (Ri) more readily detected
      instability, it did not lead to a negation of the practical utility of our
      patient data.

PMID- 4059725
TI  - The need for randomization in the study of intended effects.

PMID- 4059724
TI  - Linear models for the analysis of variability in factorial designs: an
      application to anthropometric indicators.
AB  - This paper has two aims. One is to evaluate, in a set of 9740 'reference'
      neonates born in five Italian centres (Trieste, Milan, Parma, Rome, Bari) during
      1973-1976 the effects of gestational age and birthplace on the variability of
      crown-heel length and head circumference at birth; this is a preliminary step in
      the construction of 'Italian' intrauterine growth standards for such
      anthropometric measures. The other aim is to put the various techniques for the
      analysis of variability into a common framework of Linear Models, either
      Generalized or Classical, to compare their main features and provide some
      indications about their application.

PMID- 4059726
TI  - [Dental abscesses and their treatment].

PMID- 4059727
TI  - [Surgery of functional disorders of the esophagus].

PMID- 4059728
TI  - [Fiessinger-Leroy-Reiter syndrome. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 4059729
TI  - [Peri-menstrual headache].

PMID- 4059730
TI  - [Five cases of tricholeukocyte leukemia].

PMID- 4059731
TI  - [Pancreatic injuries].

PMID- 4059733
TI  - [Emergency measures in mushroom poisoning].

PMID- 4059732
TI  - [Changes in articular proteoglycans in treatment with tiaprofenic acid].

PMID- 4059734
TI  - [Mushroom poisoning: mycologists' contribution to diagnosis and therapy].

PMID- 4059735
TI  - [Amanita phalloides poisoning--current therapeutic measures and clinical course].

PMID- 4059736
TI  - [Gyromitra syndrome: poisoning by the spring false morel].

PMID- 4059738
TI  - [Neurotoxic and psychoactive mushrooms].

PMID- 4059737
TI  - [Orellanus syndrome: tubular atrophy following mushroom ingestion].

PMID- 4059739
TI  - [Diarrhea and vomiting as main symptoms--mushrooms and alcohol].

PMID- 4059740
TI  - [Paxillus syndrome: immunohemolysis following repeated mushroom ingestion].

PMID- 4059741
TI  - [Epidemiology of bronchial asthma].

PMID- 4059742
TI  - [Pathogenesis of bronchial asthma].

PMID- 4059743
TI  - [Pathophysiology of respiration in bronchial asthma].

PMID- 4059744
TI  - [Functional diagnosis of bronchial asthma].

PMID- 4059745
TI  - [Primary bronchopulmonary cancer and survival. Retrospective study of 343 cases].

PMID- 4059746
TI  - [Introduction to magnetic resonance].

PMID- 4059747
TI  - [The clinical potential of magnetic resonance].

PMID- 4059748
TI  - [Physiology and physiopathology of exocrine pancreas secretion].

PMID- 4059749
TI  - [The differential diagnosis of pancreatic disorders].

PMID- 4059750
TI  - [Disaster planning at the University Hospital Center].

PMID- 4059751
TI  - [A psychosomatic "moment": pre-retirement. Apropos of 3 clinical cases].

PMID- 4059752
TI  - Immunochemosurgery for gastric cancer.
AB  - The effects of immunochemosurgery on 73 patients with stage III gastric cancer
      who were treated with radical subtotal gastrectomy followed by immunochemotherapy
      for 18 months during the 5-year period between 1975 and 1980 were compared to the
      effects of therapy on 64 patients with stage III gastric cancer treated with
      radical subtotal gastrectomy alone during the period between 1970 and 1980. For
      immunotherapy, picibanil (streptococcus pyogenes preparation) was intramuscularly
      given weekly, and for chemotherapy, either MFC (mitomycin-C, 5-FU, and cytosine
      arabinoside) regimen I.V. ten times followed by oral 5-FU or FME (5-FU and methyl
      CCNU) regimen was given. The percentage of survivors who received postoperative
      immunochemotherapy compared to that of survivors who received surgery alone
      differed by approximately 15%. This difference was rather constant with more than
      5 years of follow-up. The 5-year survival rate in the immunochemosurgery group
      was 38.1%, whereas that in the surgery alone group was 24.8%, which was
      statistically significant (p less than 0.01). Various immune parameter studies
      such as 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB) test, T lymphocyte count and percent,
      PHA- and concanavalin-A-stimulated lymphoblastogenesis, and antibody dependent
      cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity showed more favorable data in the
      immunochemosurgery group than in the surgery alone group. The effects of early
      postoperative immunochemotherapy (immunotherapy from the fourth to fifth
      postoperative day, and chemotherapy from the eighth to tenth postoperative day)
      after radical gastrectomy seems to be superior to that of surgery alone for stage
      III gastric cancer. For stage I and II gastric cancer, radical gastrectomy and
      postoperative immunotherapy for 3 months would be the best treatment.

PMID- 4059753
TI  - The present role of adrenalectomy in breast cancer.
AB  - Evidence does not support the argument that surgical adrenalectomy carries too
      great a risk to justify its use in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. The
      increasing availability of methods of measuring tumour receptors will undoubtedly
      increase the level of accuracy in predicting response to surgical adrenalectomy.
      The operation itself is well within the scope of most experienced general
      surgeons. In view of the good quality of life for those who respond well and the
      possibility of prolonging survival far beyond that achieved by other treatment
      methods, there seems to be no reason why it should not continue to be recommended
      on a carefully selective basis to certain women with advanced and progressive
      breast cancer.

PMID- 4059754
TI  - A surgical oncology perspective on AIDS.
AB  - During the summer of 1981 reports of unusual opportunistic infections among male
      homosexuals first began to appear in the literature and by December 1983, 3000
      cases has been reported to the Center for Disease Control in Atlanta, Georgia.
      Homosexual and bisexual men comprise 71% of the reported cases, while 17% are
      known intravenous drug users, and the remaining 12% made up of persons with other
      risk factors. Approximately 80% of AIDS patients with Kaposi's sarcoma have
      identifiable gastrointestinal lesions. Specific risk factors for Kaposi's sarcoma
      in AIDS patients have not been exclusively identified, but it is thought that
      repeated sexual involvement with multiple partners exposes the victim to the
      immunosuppressive effect of cytomegalovirus and allogenic sperm, which may in
      turn impair lymphoid cells. The immunological abnormalities associated with AIDS
      have included striking changes in T-cell ratios, with more profound changes in
      the Kaposi-AIDS groups. Increases in IgG, decreased antibody production by B
      cells to challenge antigen, decreased B-cell proliferative responses to B-cell
      mitogens, abnormalities in macrophage function, and increased serum thymosin
      levels have been found. Various opportunistic infections afflict the patient with
      AIDS. Antimicrobial therapy, various interferons, interleukin-2, and
      immunomodulation with thymosin have all been used without much success. The
      distribution and transmission of AIDS parallels hepatitis B virus infection which
      is transmitted sexually and parenterally. On the whole the same precautions as
      for hepatitis B should be taken for AIDS. Health care personnel treating patients
      with AIDS should also wear masks and eye protection against the splatter of body
      fluids and secretions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4059755
TI  - Hospital charges for antibiotics.
AB  - Hospital charges for intravenous antibiotics were obtained in a survey of 71
      hospitals in 25 U.S. cities. Only 56.3% of the hospitals used their actual drug
      acquisition cost to calculate patient charges; the remainder used a base price
      derived from one of the wholesale price guides, which often seriously overstate
      the cost of antibiotics. Sixty-eight percent added a markup, averaging 134.5%,
      and 63.4% added a dispensing fee, averaging $5.47. A relatively high-dose, single
      antibiotic regimen costs patients $50-$150 per day, independent of dose
      preparation charges (average, $9.09 per dose) for a piggyback-type system or
      intravenous line-related charges. Antibiotics were least expensive in large
      hospitals and in those located in the northeastern United States. Charges for
      antibiotics are often inconsistently calculated, vary enormously among hospitals,
      and may be unfair to patients and confusing to physicians. Cost-conscious
      prescribing of antibiotics by physicians would be facilitated by a more
      consistent relationship between charges and true costs.

PMID- 4059756
TI  - Fungemia in a cancer hospital: changing frequency, earlier onset, and results of
      therapy.
AB  - Two hundred episodes of fungemia that occurred at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer
      Center between January 1, 1978, and June 30, 1982, are reviewed and compared with
      those seen from 1974 through 1977. The total number of episodes of fungemia per
      year increased by 30.6%, episodes per 100 new lymphoma and solid tumor patients
      increased by 73% and 95%, respectively, and episodes per 100 new leukemia
      patients decreased by 50%. Fungemia also occurred earlier during hospitalization,
      and embolic skin lesions were a common early sign of Candida tropicalis fungemia.
      Mortality was not significantly different with and without amphotericin B therapy
      in fungemic patients with leukemia, lymphoma, or aplastic anemia (51 of 70 vs. 21
      of 24) or solid tumors (29 of 36 vs. 29 of 43); however, some patients appeared
      to benefit from combination therapy with amphotericin B and flucytosine. The
      prevalence of disseminated candidiasis at autopsy was the same in treated (11 of
      15) and untreated (8 of 11) patients with leukemia, lymphoma, and aplastic
      anemia, but it was significantly lower in treated (none of 8) than in untreated
      (5 of 11) patients with solid tumors.

PMID- 4059757
TI  - Clinically benign fever of unknown origin: a personal retrospective.
AB  - The purpose of this discussion has been to bring to the attention of physicians
      the fact that all instances of etiologically undefined persistent fever are not
      associated with potentially serious or life-threatening organic disease,
      regardless of the height of the temperature. As has been pointed out, many
      patients with FUO clearly have disorders that are clinically benign, and the
      cause of these disorders is defined much more frequently on the basis of
      information obtained from a detailed historic inquiry than on the basis of
      findings made during the most meticulous physical examination and extensive
      laboratory studies. These individuals are usually seen first in an outpatient
      setting and seldom, if ever, require hospitalization because the cause of their
      FUO can, with uncommon exceptions, be identified as a physiologic or emotional
      dysfunction, a reaction to a drug or a chemical, or a disorder that is
      genetically determined. Failure to recognize that even a high elevation of the
      temperature can represent a clinically benign situation may lead to unnecessary
      hospitalization, during which the many investigations that are usually carried
      out may serve only to reinforce the patient's concern about a serious disease. It
      is most important for both patients and physicians to be aware that temperature,
      like all other physiologic and chemical measurements in humans, is expressed by a
      range of values and that a temperature of 98.6 degrees F is not normal for all
      persons. It must also be appreciated that "normal" temperature varies with age.
      The newborn infant may develop high-grade fever in the absence of disease because
      of marked instability of the vasomotor system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4059758
TI  - Q fever in the Basque Country: 1981-1984.
AB  - One hundred thirty cases of Q fever were seen in the Basque region of Spain
      between 1981 and 1984. Approximately 40% of these were related to epidemic
      outbreaks, and the remainder were isolated cases. The large majority of cases
      occurred in young men and women between 20 and 40 years of age. A seasonal peak
      coincided with lambing time in the region. Treatment had favorable outcome in
      each case, and no chronic disease was seen.

PMID- 4059759
TI  - Recommendations for an international health organization in handling a future
      AIDS-like epidemic.

PMID- 4059760
TI  - [Oral manifestations of mycosis fungoides. A clinical case].

PMID- 4059761
TI  - [Skeletal measures of maxillodental anomalies in the basal-distal relationship].

PMID- 4059762
TI  - [Cancer of the endometrium: analysis of the comparative results and causes of
      failure in radiosurgical treatment and physical agents alone. 215 cases treated
      between 1968 and 1978].
AB  - Two groups of patients (215 cases) with endometrial cancer were treated between
      1968 and 1978 either by a combination of radiotherapy and surgery or by
      radiotherapy alone. In the first group (99 cases) with a mean age of 59 years,
      results were very favorable for stage T1 and T2 (49/60, 82%) which confirm other
      results in the literature. The combination of radiotherapy and surgery comprising
      external irradiation and intracavitary irradiation prior to total hysterectomy
      did not appear to increase the number of complications to the urinary or
      digestive tracts. The second group (116 cases) comprised patients treated
      exclusively by radiotherapy due to the presence of metastatic disease (74 cases)
      or excessive local-regional extension (37 cases). The cure rate at 5 years
      appeared satisfactory for stage T1 (35/54, 65%). The differing results between
      combined radiotherapy and surgery with methods using radiotherapy alone should be
      partially corrected to take into account the older average age of the second
      group (69 years). Failures due to the appearance of metastases were approximately
      similar in both groups (near 6%); on the other hand, local-regional recurrences
      were more frequent when radiotherapy alone was used, which accounts for the
      differing results between the two groups. In the second period (1972 to 1978),
      the group treated exclusively with radiotherapy benefited from a technique used
      with cervical cancer: external irradiation followed by intracavitary irradiation
      with a Fletcher-Suit applicator with results similar to those treated in the
      first period with intracavitary irradiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4059763
TI  - [Uterine metastases of extragenital carcinomas].
AB  - Metastasis to the uterus from distant primary neoplasms are rare: this report is
      an analysis of 20 cases. The primary tumors arose in the breast (12 cases),
      pancreas (3 cases), stomach (2 cases), lung (2 cases) and gallbladder (1 case).
      The corpus uteri (and namely the myometrium) is more often involved than cervix.
      The mean age of the patients is 71 years (range 42-84). Metastases caused
      abnormal uterine bleeding in only 2 cases; in the others cases no symptoms were
      observed and so they were unexpected autopsy findings.

PMID- 4059764
TI  - [Acupuncture in obstetrics].
AB  - Acupuncture has been used in China as a treatment modality for one thousand years
      and is becoming increasingly important in the western world. Through a special
      effect on the reticular formation, acupuncture is becoming a first choice among
      the various methods available to relieve pain, especially in the pregnant woman.
      It can be useful, in fact, during the three periods of a pregnancy: before
      delivery: it can effect all the functional and psychiatric problems a pregnant
      woman may develop; during delivery: there is a definite analgesic and oxytocic
      effect; after delivery: it can be beneficial in all difficulties with breast
      feeding. Acupoints used in obstetrics are not very numerous. There are
      approximately thirty which are located along the body meridians or on the ear.

PMID- 4059765
TI  - [Problems caused by the therapeutic interruption of pregnancy. Apropos of 120
      cases observed from 1976 to 1983].
AB  - The authors present statistical data on 120 medical abortions performed at
      "Pavillon Victor Olivier" between April, 1976 and June, 1983. A precise study was
      performed on the maternal and fetal indications, the different techniques
      employed according to gestational age, and their follow-up since 1976. The
      principal purpose of this article is to arouse reflexion on the consequences of
      the law of 1975, as well as the appropriateness of the maternal and especially of
      the fetal indications. A major portion of these could be avoidable with
      prophylactic measures and adequate contraception.

PMID- 4059766
TI  - [Utero-ovarian implantation. Experimental study and critical evaluation of its
      use in women].
AB  - The authors studied experimentally ovario-uterine implantation in rats, an
      operation first performed many years ago yielding very rare and debatable
      results. This procedure is ineffective in the treatment of sterility due to
      endometrial proliferation over the ovary, which closes off rapidly the
      endometrial cavity and separates it from the implanted ovary. Much uncertainty
      surrounds the majority of previously reported successes, the few resultant
      pregnancies from ovario-uterine implantation considered due to hazard and
      completely unreliable. This operation has no place in the treatment of sterility.

PMID- 4059767
TI  - [Vaginal delivery after cesarean section: use of peridural analgesia and
      oxytocics. Apropos of 87 cases with cicatriceal proof].
AB  - The authors report on their experience delivering 87 women vaginally with
      previous cesarean sections. Epidural anesthesia does not appear to be
      contraindicated as long as the block is not higher than the level of the tenth
      thoracic dermatome. The use of an infusion of oxytocin should be accompanied by
      internal fetal heart monitoring. Furthermore, induction of labor with oxytocic
      agents appears preferable.

PMID- 4059768
TI  - [Postoperative crural paralysis in gynecologic surgery].
AB  - The authors describe one case of crural paralysis following a microsurgical
      salpingoplasty. The three causes of this usually reversible complication are
      discussed: the type of incision, the type of retractor, and positioning of the
      retractor by the surgeons over a long period of time.

PMID- 4059769
TI  - [Effectiveness of 400 mg miconazole pellets in various types of vaginitis].

PMID- 4059770
TI  - [Metastasizing leiomyoma of the uterus. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - Metastasizing uterine leiomyomata are rare anatomical and clinical entities
      characterized by the early development of a uterine leiomyoma (average age 33
      years), with the appearance of pulmonary metastases in the premenopausal period
      (average age 43 years). This clinical condition is somewhat puzzling because of
      two contradictory findings: the tumor's benign histology and its metastasizing
      capabilities. The prognosis is good due to its slow-growing characteristics and
      stabilization in the menopausal period.

PMID- 4059771
TI  - [The request for surgical biopsy in mammography. Apropos of 140 verified cases].
AB  - The authors present a series of 140 patients who underwent surgical biopsy guided
      by an isolated anomaly on mammography without any clinical sign. 27 cases
      presented an opacity with a long axis less than 10 mm, 59 cases presented
      isolated areas of micro-calcification and 54 cases presented images of focal
      distorsion of the glandular architecture. By means of pre- and intra-operative
      radiographic guidance, the histological analysis of serial sections of these
      abnormalities was possible in every case, resulting in the diagnosis of 54 cases
      of benign dysplasia, 31 transitional lesion, including 16 in situ carcinomas and
      55 carcinomas, including 34 invasive cancers. The advantage and limitations of
      this diagnostic approach are analysed. The discovery of a large number of sub
      clinical carcinomas, the favourable implications for preservation of the breast
      and the survival justify the indications for surgical biopsy on the discovery of
      an isolated mammographic abnormality.

PMID- 4059772
TI  - [The current role of microsurgery and in vitro fertilization in the treatment of
      tubal infertility].
AB  - Tubal sterility is an important cause of sterility in the couple. Its treatment
      has been revolutionised, firstly by the progress in microsurgery and, more
      recently, by the current progress in in vitro fertilisation. Consequently, the
      gynecologist must have a very good knowledge of sterility in the couple and of
      tubal pathology. The authors report the results of 400 microsurgical operations
      performed in the Maternity department of the Port-Royal hospital and compare
      these results with those of in vitro fertilisation. In the light of these
      results, they then attempt to define the therapeutic indications which depend on
      a very precise investigation of the condition of the tubes. Microsurgery and in
      vitro fertilisation constitute complementary approaches in cases which are
      difficult to evaluate.

PMID- 4059773
TI  - [Morphogenesis of vaginal aplasia. Therapeutic deductions].
AB  - On the basis of the studies of the embryogenesis of the vagina, the authors
      consider that malformations classically described as being partial aplasia should
      not be separated from the total absence of the vagina. The important feature is
      the association of a functioning or non functioning uterus with the absence of
      the vagina. They believe that it is incorrect to describe the pouch of menstrual
      retention associated with a functioning uterus as "haematocolpos" and that is not
      justified to describe the cup-shaped vestibular depression as "hemi-vagina".
      According to the authors, although vaginal aplasia with a functioning uterus
      forming a pouch of menstrual retention constitutes an absolute indication for
      surgery, surgery is not justified in cases of vaginal aplasia with a non
      functioning uterus. If Frank's method fails in these cases, the patient or the
      couple should be referred to a sexologist, as women with this anomaly retain a
      perfect femininity, although unable to conceive.

PMID- 4059774
TI  - [Interpretation of the blood level of a steroid].
AB  - The authors define the conditions under which the steroid circulate in the blood
      : free, bound to albumin or bound to their specific binding proteins. Based on
      the physiology of steroids, the authors try to define the value of the serum
      levels in the evaluation of steroid production and, more particularly, the
      variations in this production. The biological activity seems to be directly
      related to the free circulating fraction.

PMID- 4059775
TI  - [Recurrent fetal hypotrophy].
AB  - The authors studied 22 cases of recurrent foetal hypotrophy (at least three small
      for dates infants) occurring in the absence of toxaemia or any other cause. The
      incidence was 22 cases out of 600 cases of small for dates infants, i.e. 3.67%,
      which is low. However, these cases presented definite recurrent foetal hypotrophy
      as the women delivered three successive infants with dysmaturity, which excludes
      chance of error. It is also important to relate the frequency to the number of
      women having delivered at least three infants, which eliminates a lot of the
      value of this figure of 3.67%. If we consider only those infants born to mothers
      with at least three children, the rate of "essential" recurrent foetal hypotrophy
      is 23%, which is considerable. Certain causes responsible for the recurrence of
      intra-uterine growth retardation may be missed, for example uterine malformations
      or unrecognised toxic factors. Nevertheless, the birth of three successive small
      for dates infants raises the possibility, at least in certain cases, of a
      particular factor responsible for intra-uterine growth, a regulatory factor of
      maternal origin, which may be genetic.

PMID- 4059776
TI  - [Hematologic disorders in pregnant women in a health center in Bangui].
AB  - We investigated 101 pregnant women, looking at haematologic values (blood-cell
      count, haematocrit...) on blood samples and searching for intestinal parasites on
      stool samples. We found that first-time pregnant young ladies frequently suffer
      from anemia, mainly during the second and third trimester of their pregnancy.
      Infestation with ankylostoma duodenale is one of the major causes. Therefore our
      advice to fellow-physicians is to look at these haematologic values and stool
      exams quite routinely for a better care of all pregnant women from our areas.

PMID- 4059777
TI  - [Blood copper levels in pregnant women in the first trimester as a prognostic
      feature of fetal wellbeing].
AB  - The authors have performed 173 assays of the serum copper in 64 pregnant women
      and in 109 foetal blood samples taken at the time of delivery in an attempt to
      define an early indicator of a pathological process affecting the foetus, the
      pregnancy and the delivery. They observed a significant increase in the serum
      copper level during the first trimester of at risk pregnancies and the increased
      serum copper level is maintained from the start and throughout the pregnancy, in
      high risk pregnancies. The serum copper level therefore appears to be a good
      indicator of certain foetal, placental or maternal abnormalities, especially in
      high risk pregnancies.

PMID- 4059778
TI  - [Technic and use of a silastic vaginal mold: urodynamic evaluation].
AB  - A pessary is rarely needed to treat prolapse or incontinence. In certain cases,
      the anatomical conditions are unsuitable for the use of this device which is
      sometimes poorly tolerated in the long term. The authors propose an original
      solution of a vaginal cast made from silastic foam. The technique of making the
      cast, its advantages and disadvantages are described together with the
      modifications which it is able to induce on the urodynamic parameters. This
      technique will certainly be useful in certain rare indications.

PMID- 4059780
TI  - Circulating immune complexes in myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 4059779
TI  - [Efficiency and tolerance of lactulose in constipation in pregnant women].

PMID- 4059781
TI  - [Specific arthritis in patients with leprosy].

PMID- 4059782
TI  - [HLA antigens in the population of Sao Paulo].

PMID- 4059783
TI  - [Multiple pulmonary cysts and mixed connective tissue disease].

PMID- 4059784
TI  - [Multiple mononeuritis cranialis due to sarcoidosis].

PMID- 4059785
TI  - [Transverse myelitis in systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 4059786
TI  - [Porphyria cutanea tarda with scleroderma-like characteristics. Report of a
      case].

PMID- 4059787
TI  - [Detection of circulating immune complexes in systemic lupus erythematosus by the
      method of conglutinin and monoclonal rheumatoid factor].

PMID- 4059788
TI  - [Frequency of pathogenic and potentially pathogenic enterobacteria including non
      0:1 (NAG) vibrios in the context of a survey of acute diarrheal diseases in
      Moldavia (1981-1983)].

PMID- 4059789
TI  - [The bacterial, parasitic and viral etiological spectrum in gynecological
      infections].

PMID- 4059790
TI  - [Rapid method of concentrating Strongyloides stercoralis larvae in masses in
      fecal materials].

PMID- 4059791
TI  - [Mycotic canaliculitis--observations on 3 cases].

PMID- 4059792
TI  - [Collection and preservation of animal sera or organs and cells].

PMID- 4059793
TI  - An improved method for measuring red blood cell filterability.
AB  - A new simple method for measuring red blood cell (RBC) filterability by weighing
      the amount of RBC filtered through micropore membranes is described. Red cell
      filterability by weighing (RCFW) is determined on washed RBC resuspended in
      phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at low (5%) hematocrit. The filtration step is
      performed using gravity alone and the amount of the filtered suspension is
      referred to the filtration of PBS alone through the same membrane. The new method
      shows a reproducibility better than that of the widely used Dormandy technique,
      with a lower coefficient of variation (5.3 vs. 7.2%) and a higher sensitivity to
      artificially hardened RBC.

PMID- 4059795
TI  - Sleep-dependent hyperprolactinemia and Corpus luteum pathogenesis.
AB  - The results obtained in wake and sleep conditions by PRL determinations performed
      in 6 normoprolactinemic infertile women with luteal phase deficiency (LPD) are
      reported. Infertility was apparently due to LPD. PRL levels were determined by
      RIA in blood samples collected at 20-min intervals from 18(00) to 08(00). LPD has
      been previously demonstrated by endometrial biopsy, basal temperature and
      circulating progesterone determinations. PRL levels were also determined in 5
      normal women used as control subjects under the same experimental conditions. The
      results obtained, expressed as means +/- SD of LPD vs. control group, were 15.9
      +/- 4.6 vs. 11.6 +/- 3.3 ng/ml (p greater than 0.1) in wake conditions and 31.9
      +/- 5.9 vs. 21.4 +/- 5.7 ng/ml (p less than 0.01) in sleep conditions. PRL values
      during the highest pulse (HP) in sleep and wake conditions were 20.9 +/- 5.2 vs.
      17.0 +/- 3.3 ng/ml (p less than 0.1) and 51.1 +/- 17.1 vs. 34.3 +/- 2.4 ng/ml (p
      less than 0.01), respectively. In 2 out of the 6 patients mean PRL values were
      22.0 and 26.5 ng/ml during sleep, and 26.0 and 33.0 ng/ml during HP. These values
      were not statistically significant when compared with those obtained in the
      control group. The results obtained show that 4 out of the 6 patients with LPD
      and normal PRL levels in wake conditions had sleep-dependent hyperprolactinemia
      due to the pulses with a more significant amplitude. These findings suggest that
      in some cases sleep-induced hyperprolactinemia might be involved in LPD
      pathogenesis.

PMID- 4059794
TI  - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and pregnancy. Maternal platelet count and
      antiplatelet antibodies do not predict the risk of neonatal thrombocytopenia.
AB  - The aim of this study was to try to better characterize, on the basis of maternal
      platelet count and antiplatelet antibodies, women with ITP or a history thereof
      at risk of being delivered of a child affected by neonatal thrombocytopenia.
      Results show that either clinical classification or maternal platelet count were
      not effective in predicting the occurrence of neonatal thrombocytopenia. Effects
      of prednisone on platelet-bound and unbound antibodies were studied prospectively
      in 12 non-pregnant women with ITP; no increase of these parameters was observed
      after treatment. Thus, the risk of corticosteroid therapy in the management of
      pregnant ITP patients remains hypothetical and unproven.

PMID- 4059796
TI  - Procollagen-type III peptide serum concentrations in alcoholic and non-alcoholic
      liver disease.
AB  - The type III procollagen aminopeptide (sPIIIP) serum levels were measured in 197
      patients with liver disease and were correlated with morphological and
      serological alterations and with alcohol drinking habits. The sPIIIP levels
      resulted significantly increased in 51% of 43 patients with untreated chronic
      active hepatitis (CAH), in 61% of 36 patients with CAH plus cirrhosis, in 69% of
      26 patients with inactive cirrhosis, in 4 out of 8 patients with alcoholic
      steatosis and fibrillogenesis, but remained unchanged in 38 cases of alcoholic
      steatosis plus siderosis and in 13 cases of chronic persistent hepatitis. A
      correlation between sPIIIP levels and the histological pattern of fibrosis could
      not be demonstrated in a single type of fibrotic liver disease and no differences
      were found between alcoholic and non-alcoholic patients. We agree upon the
      opinion that high sPIIIP levels may identify liver fibrogenic activity, but this
      test needs further technical improvements before it could be widely used in the
      clinical practice.

PMID- 4059797
TI  - Prevalence of antithrombin III deficiency in blood donors selected for personal
      or familial history of venous thrombosis.
AB  - Antithrombin III (ATIII) was measured using a functional assay in 692 (6.7%) out
      of 10,332 blood donors selected for their personal or familial history of venous
      thrombosis. Three subjects with low levels of the protein were observed. Thus,
      the prevalence of ATIII deficiency was of 0.43%, corresponding to a prevalence of
      0.03% in the general population. On the basis of family studies and of clinical
      and laboratory investigations, inherited ATIII deficiency was excluded and
      reduced levels of the inhibitor were attributed to an impaired liver function,
      despite normal blood coagulation tests. Therefore, in this study inherited ATIII
      deficiency cases were not found; however, acquired ATIII deficiency associated
      with normal clotting tests might represent a rare but definite risk factor for
      thrombosis.

PMID- 4059799
TI  - Classification of albumin and proalbumin genetic variants. Comitato Italiano di
      Standardizzazione in Ematologia e Medicina di Laboratorio. CISMEL Study Group on
      Albumin Variants.

PMID- 4059798
TI  - Inappropriate thyroid-stimulating hormone release in the elderly?
AB  - In three hyperthyroid women aged more than 60 years serum TSH levels, inhibited
      as usual before treatment, rose and remained elevated for more than one year
      while on treatment with methimazole and l-thyroxine, in spite of serum T3 and T4
      levels within the normal range. In two hypothyroid women aged more than 60 years,
      serum TSH levels, raised under basal conditions, failed to be suppressed by a one
      year treatment with l-thyroxine. Repeated attempts to increase serum T3 and T4
      concentrations by giving additional doses of l-thyroxine or by tapering
      methimazole dosage, led to clinical signs of hyperthyroidism, not accompanied by
      a significant reduction of serum TSH levels. These data indicate the possibility
      of an inappropriate TSH release in some elderly people.

PMID- 4059800
TI  - Paraproteinemia and neoplasia.
AB  - According to the various case series, both myelomatous and non-myelomatous
      paraproteinemias are associated with a second malignant neoplasia in a frequency
      that ranges between 10 and 22%. This association, with a frequency higher than
      that statistically expected, is 2 to 4 times higher when compared to the
      association between two tumors of other origin. The association paraproteinemia
      neoplasia was found in 10% of cases of our series of 311 paraproteinemias. In
      this series epithelial neoplasias are associated with paraproteinemias more
      frequently than lymphoreticular neoplasias. As far as the Ig class is concerned,
      there appears to be a prevalence of IgM paraproteinemias, which accounts for
      22.5%, while it is only 9% in the general survey of paraproteinemias. The
      prevalence of the IgM class should be related to the high degree of association
      (approximately 50%) between the IgM paraproteinemias and lymphoreticular
      neoplasias. The frequent association with a second neoplasia, common to other
      malignancies of the B-cell line (chronic lymphocytic leukemia, myeloma), must be
      considered a greater risk in the prognostic evaluation of a paraproteinemia. This
      should make us more cautious in affirming the 'benignancy' of every non
      myelomatous paraproteinemia.

PMID- 4059801
TI  - Electron microscopy in rhinology.
AB  - In rhinology, electron microscopy has been a useful research tool for the past 15
      years, but provided only a few direct clinical applications. In this review, the
      author's work on the human nasal mucosa and the studies of other investigators
      are discussed, with the emphasis on allergic reactions and disturbances of the
      autonomous nervous system as well as the immotile cilia syndrome.

PMID- 4059802
TI  - Mucociliary transport in the human nose. Effect of topical glucocorticoid
      treatment.
AB  - The effect of topical budesonide on the human mucociliary transport in the nose
      was investigated utilizing the saccharin-dye test in 10 healthy volunteers.
      Measurements were made before treatment, after a single dose and after one week
      continuous treatment with either placebo or active substance. The design of the
      study was double blind, randomized and cross-over. A single dose of placebo or
      budesonide did not alter the mucociliary transport as compared to pretreatment
      values. A trend towards decrease of mucociliary transport was noted after one
      week treatment with the active drug, a trend that reached statistical
      significance in the comparison between the 1 h value and the 1 week value.

PMID- 4059803
TI  - Mast cells on the surface of the mucous membrane--a general feature of
      inflammatory reactions in the nose?
AB  - A redistribution of mast cells towards the epithelial lining of the nasal mucous
      membrane has been shown to be a part of the allergic inflammatory reaction in hay
      fever. This results in an increased number of metachromatically stained cells on
      the surface of the mucous membrane. The involvement of mast cells in other
      inflammatory reactions in the human nose is not clarified and this may partly be
      due to methodological difficulties. Utilizing a recently developed imprint
      technique, specimens were taken from patients with infectious rhinosinusitis in
      acute and chronic stages. The total number of mast cells on 2 cm2 of the imprint
      area were counted. Mast cells in extremely low numbers were found in 5 out of 26
      patients. Our results indicate that mast cell migration is not present in
      patients with infectious inflammatory reactions of the nasal mucous membrane.

PMID- 4059804
TI  - Innervation of human nasal polyps.
AB  - Nasal polyps from 12 patients were studied by means of transmission electron
      microscopy. Nerve fibers in the polyp could be recognized in 4 out of the 12
      polyps. Both myelinated and nonmyelinated nerve fibers were observed. The endings
      of the nonmyelinated nerve were adrenergic and observed in the area close to the
      smooth muscle cells of the artery. The secretory cells in the form of acini did
      not accompany nerve endings although these acini contained myoepithelial cells.
      Some nerves had normal features but others had a degenerated form in the pedicle
      of the nasal polyp. No cholinergic fibers were observed in these polyps.

PMID- 4059805
TI  - Nasal mucosal anaesthesia and airflow resistance.
AB  - The effect of topical lidocaine solution on nasal airflow resistance was examined
      in five adult subjects with normal noses, seated and recumbent. The increasing
      use of upper airway anaesthesia in the investigation of upper airway function and
      the lack of published information concerning its effect on nasal airflow
      resistance led to this investigation. Nasal airflow resistance did not
      significantly change during 30 minutes observation following topical application
      of 4% lidocaine solution.

PMID- 4059806
TI  - Macromolecular permeability of the tight junction of the human nasal mucosa.
AB  - Using HRP as a cytochemical tracer, we investigated the tight junctional
      permeability of the human nasal mucosa in the early stage of its transportation.
      We found that the tight junction becomes "leaky" in the inflammatory and in the
      allergic conditions. Connection of goblet-goblet and goblet-ciliated cells were
      weaker than that of ciliated-ciliated cells. All epithelial tight junctions
      seemed to be loose in cases of allergic rhinitis.

PMID- 4059807
TI  - A nasal prosthesis for treatment of nasal airway obstruction.
AB  - Surgery is not always the best approach for immediate resolution of nasal airway
      problems. In some instances, surgery may be deferred, unnecessary,
      contraindicated or frankly refused by the patient. For some of these patients,
      the use of a simple intranasal prosthesis to enhance the passage of air through
      the nasal valve region is beneficial. Five patients meeting these criteria were
      fitted with a prosthesis and carefully evaluated pre- and postinsertion with
      rhinomanometry. Other situations are discussed where such a prosthetic device
      might be helpful.

PMID- 4059808
TI  - Fundamental considerations of the design and function of intranasal antrostomies.
AB  - The operation of intranasal antrostomy was first described by Gooch in 1770 and
      has been performed since then with varying degrees of popularity. Little is known
      of the natural history of the antrostomy, particularly about its tendency to
      close. To elucidate this, researches have been conducted, aimed at establishing a
      number of measurable factors associated with closure. A clinical study has been
      conducted which includes a prospective assessment of intranasal antrostomies
      performed on 55 patients. The size of the antrostomy is assessed per-operatively
      and at regular intervals post-operatively using direct measurement and serial
      photography via a modified Hopkins rod. A retrospective study has also been
      performed on all patients who underwent intranasal antrostomy between 1979-1982,
      using similar techniques. The results of a statistical analysis of intranasal
      antrostomies performed since 1950 are also presented as are the results of a
      survey of the techniques used by surgeons when performing this procedure. The
      work presented in this paper offers the answers to a number of questions which
      have been posed about this simple and popular operation.

PMID- 4059809
TI  - Comparative study of standard radiology, sinuscopy and sinusomanometry in the
      maxillary sinus of the adult (about 465 maxillary sinuses).
AB  - The authors examine the correlations among standard X-ray, sinuscopy and
      sinusomanometry for 465 maxillary sinuses in the adult. Good overall
      correspondence does exist between radiography and sinuscopy (51.59 to 90.91%) but
      there is no real correlation between sinusomanometry and a sinuscopy that fails
      to visualize the ostium. Correlation is excellent when the morphologic appearance
      of the ostium is studied in conjunction with the sinusomanometric findings
      (82.09%). This study demonstrates the morphologic and the functional examinations
      to be rigorously complementary and indissociable.

PMID- 4059810
TI  - [EEG in brain tumors in childhood. Anatomo-clinical correlations].
AB  - The authors reviewed the electroencephalographic findings relevant to a casuistry
      of 136 cerebral tumours in paediatric age and correlated them with the anatomic
      site of the neoplasias, as checked on the operating table, and with clinical
      symptomatology. The casuistry, as concerns the site of the tumours, consists of
      32 cases with a hemispheric localisation, 35 localized on the median line
      (suprasellar tumours, tumours of the 3rd ventricle, tumours of the basal nuclei
      and tumours of the pineal region) and 68 cases of tumours of the cerebellar
      fossa. E.E.G. proved normal in 9.3% of the patients with a hemispheric tumour,
      17.1% of those with median tumours and in 23.1% of the tumours of the cerebellar
      fossa. 12.5% of the cases with a hemispheric tumour showed a general widespread
      alteration of the electroencephalogram, which was also traceable in 20% of the
      deep seated tumours and 13% of the subtentorial tumours. A focal E.E.G. finding
      with polymorphic delta waves was detected in 62.5% of the tumours with a
      hemispheric localisation, as compared to 14.2% of the deep seated and 28% of the
      subtentorial ones. Finally, in the three groups, intermittent slow waves were
      detected respectively in 46.8%, 51.4% and 72.4% of the cases. Related with
      clinical conditions, in the presence of endocranial hypertension, a clear
      prevalence of general widespread alteration and of intermittent activities were
      detected. The authors discuss the diagnostic value of each E.E.G. finding in
      cerebral tumours with particular attention to localizing value of focal
      polymorphic delta waves and to the meaning of intermittent slow waves which, in
      paediatric age, show a clear prevalence in the posterior cerebral areas.

PMID- 4059811
TI  - [Histogram analysis in computed tomography--a further possibility for the early
      detection of pancreatic cancer].
AB  - The article reports on the value of the analysis of the histogram in computed
      tomography in carcinoma of the pancreas. This additional examination possibility
      is critically reviewed and analysed. Evidently this method is useful as an
      additional examination method which can throw light on possible malignancy of a
      process in case of doubt.

PMID- 4059812
TI  - ERP in chronic pancreatitis--ductal morphology, relation to exocrine function and
      pain--clinical value.
AB  - ERP was analyzed in 87 patients with chronic pancreatitis with special reference
      to its clinical value in management of pain, the dominating symptom in
      uncomplicated chronic pancreatitis. A significant correlation was found between
      ductal changes due to pancreatitis and decrease in pancreatic function. However,
      no association was found between severe pancreatic pain and pancreatic function
      or pancreatic morphology. The significance of ERP in management of patients with
      persistent severe pancreatic pain is discussed.

PMID- 4059813
TI  - [Arthrography with Hexabrix--report of experiences].
AB  - Arthrography using the contrast medium Hexabrix was performed in 120 patients.
      The knee arthrographies executed in double-contrast technique showed very good
      contrast, thanks to the chemical and physical properties of the contrast medium,
      in x-rays taken 1 to 3 minutes after injection of the contrast medium. Even if
      the x-ray films were taken 15 minutes after administration of the contrast
      medium, the results were still good. The contrast medium is well tolerated.

PMID- 4059814
TI  - [Ischemic necrosis of the vertebral body].
AB  - The article reports on the x-ray signs of ischaemic necrosis of vertebral bodies,
      basing on a case history. The aetiology of this rare condition is discussed and
      the relevant literature is reviewed.

PMID- 4059815
TI  - [Subcutaneous emphysema in status asthmaticus].
AB  - Spontaneous subcutaneous accumulations of air in the soft parts of the thorax
      during an asthmatic crisis (status asthmaticus) are rarely seen. The
      pathomechanism of the phenomenon, which may lead to the formation of an emphysema
      of the soft parts via the pneumomediastinum, is discussed, and the possible
      complications which must be taken into account are pointed out. The value of
      radiological examination of the thorax in children suffering from asthma
      bronchiale, is explained briefly.

PMID- 4059816
TI  - [Prefilter characteristics of modern x-ray tubes and their associated radiation
      relations].
AB  - Prefiltration characteristics of modern X-ray tube assemblies are stated. It is
      shown how the variation with the tube voltage of the aluminium equivalent of the
      inherent filtration of x-ray tube assemblies influences the x-ray dose. In
      particular the relationships of the X-ray prefiltrated at the minimal filtrations
      prescribed today are explained. Considerable variations from the correct dose for
      the standard filters are found especially at higher tube voltages.

PMID- 4059817
TI  - [Status of x-ray contrast examination of the colon].
AB  - Findings of colon contrast examinations performed during one year are examined
      with regard to their incidence rate, localisation, age and sex of the patients.
      The x-ray findings are also compared with the results of rectoscopy and
      coloscopy, as well as with the results of surgery. Good agreement was found
      between endoscopy and trochoscopy, especially in carcinoma of the colon. The
      value of the colon contrast method in colon diagnosis is discussed.

PMID- 4059818
TI  - Lymphocele of thigh after femoro-popliteal bypass operation.

PMID- 4059819
TI  - [Traumatic lesions and their x-ray computed tomographic aspects].

PMID- 4059820
TI  - [Cranial injuries in the adult: surveillance of patients and emergency
      neurosurgical indications].

PMID- 4059821
TI  - [Traumatic non-surgical coma].

PMID- 4059822
TI  - [Multiple injuries and skull injuries. Therapeutic indications at admission].

PMID- 4059823
TI  - [Superficial lesions and craniocerebral wounds. Craniofacial injuries and
      fractures of the base of the skull (rhinorrhea)].

PMID- 4059824
TI  - [Anatomy, physiology of the mitral valve system. Etiology of mitral valve
      diseases].

PMID- 4059825
TI  - [Mitral stenosis. Clinical and paraclinical study and therapeutic approach].

PMID- 4059826
TI  - [Chronic mitral insufficiency. Clinical and paraclinical aspects and therapeutic
      strategy].

PMID- 4059827
TI  - [Acute mitral insufficiency. Clinical and paraclinical aspects and therapeutic
      strategy].

PMID- 4059828
TI  - [Mitral valve prolapse].

PMID- 4059829
TI  - [Evaluation of valvular surgery in mitral valve diseases (excluding
      commissurotomy)].

PMID- 4059830
TI  - [Hepatic angioma, a common disease].

PMID- 4059831
TI  - [Surgery of mesenteric vessels: prevention of mesenteric infarction].

PMID- 4059832
TI  - [Malignant tumors of the small intestine].

PMID- 4059833
TI  - [Tobacco consumption among the population of Vizcaya].

PMID- 4059835
TI  - [Hydatidosis in the province of Leon (1974-1982)].

PMID- 4059834
TI  - [Epidemiologic study of measles, rubella and mumps with regard to the possibility
      of their control by immunization].

PMID- 4059836
TI  - [Descriptive epidemiology of brucellosis in the province of Burgos].

PMID- 4059837
TI  - [Evaluation of potential years of life lost because of cancer in Valencia, 1979].

PMID- 4059838
TI  - [Attitudes and behavior concerning the smoking habit among health professionals].

PMID- 4059839
TI  - [Epidemiologic study of mortality in malignant tumors of the stomach. 1951-1978].

PMID- 4059840
TI  - The effect of type of hearing loss on hearing aid use.
AB  - This study examined the effect of type of loss and reduced PB discrimination on
      hours of daily hearing aid wear. Patient data were entered in one of four
      matrices designed to permit examination of one variable while balancing the
      effects of other variables. When the influences of amount of hearing loss, age,
      hearing aid experience, and employment status were balanced, no evidence was
      found that type or shape of loss influenced the number of hours of daily hearing
      aid use. When the data for each type/shape of loss were pooled without regard to
      amount of loss, age, aid experience, and employment status, hours of reported
      wear were least for those with normal hearing in the better ear (8 hours) and
      most for those with conductive components (15.8 hours). Since patients with
      conductive components had the largest hearing losses, it was concluded that hours
      of wear are influenced primarily by amount, not type of loss. Discrimination
      scores were examined within the same balanced design. Although PB max scores for
      patients with conductive components were systematically higher than scores for
      patients with sensorineural losses, the reported wear times were essentially the
      same. Previous findings that sensorineural hearing loss and reduced speech
      discrimination adversely influenced hearing aid wear were attributed to
      differences in amount of loss and other intervening psycho-socio-vocational
      variables.

PMID- 4059841
TI  - Detectability of the acoustically evoked composite response (40 HZ potential)
      near threshold.
AB  - In 56 persons with normal hearing and 10 patients with sensorineural hearing
      loss, acoustically evoked potentials were recorded at stimulus repetition rates
      of 10/s, 20/s, 30/s and 40/s. With a sufficiently low lower amplifier cut-off
      frequency, one obtains at the repetition rate of 40/s a composite response
      described by Galambos et al. (1981) as 40 Hz potential, which consists of the ABR
      evoked by the given stimulus and superposed MLR-waves evoked by the preceding
      stimuli. In both groups the amplitude mean value of the potentials recorded at
      the stimulus rate 40/s was significantly higher than at lower rates. The
      detectability of the near-threshold response for the subjects with normal hearing
      was distinctly higher than the responses recorded at lower rates.

PMID- 4059842
TI  - Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Thirty-two multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, 10 males and 22 females, aged
      between 21 and 55, underwent pure-tone audiometry and testing of auditory
      brainstem response (ABR). Thirteen were classified as 'definite', 12 as
      'probable' and 7 as 'possible', according to the McAlpine criteria. Each ear of
      each patient was tested monoaurally. The most common alterations were seen in the
      parameters of the cross-correlation between the normal template and the template
      of the individual MS patient. The second most altered parameters were those
      concerning the V wave which was absent in most cases but, when present, rarely
      showed latency-amplitude values falling outside the 90% confidence limit
      ellipses. Test-retest replicability and stimulations with increasing numbers of
      stimuli per second were useful in detecting intra-individual variability of
      waveform characteristics. When considering all the tests performed, 88% of the
      'definite', 71% of 'probable' and 64% of 'possible' MS patients' ears showed ABR
      abnormalities. We stress the importance of a separate evaluation of the two ears
      due to the frequent unilateral alterations, and of an accurate evaluation of the
      ABR characteristics. We conclude that brainstem audiometry is a more reliable
      test for detecting demyelinating processes than is usually described in the
      literature.

PMID- 4059843
TI  - Silicone materials for ear impressions.
AB  - Comparative properties have been determined for some commonly used ear impression
      materials (condensation reaction silicones) and some recently developed dental
      products (addition reaction silicones). Experiments have included measurement of
      dimensional stability, weight change on storage, viscosity, syringing
      characteristics, the energy required to tear the material and the stress
      relaxation characteristics. The major finding is that of the superb dimensional
      stability of the addition-cured silicones, which show no significant shrinkage
      over time. This is in contrast to a linear shrinkage of the order of 0.5% over a
      48-hour period for the condensation silicones.

PMID- 4059844
TI  - The effect of sleep on the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and the middle
      latency response (MLR).
AB  - The ABR and the MLR were measured without interruption in 4 subjects during a
      whole night of natural sleep and compared with the awake responses. The
      conventional EEG activity was monitored during the whole procedure, which
      permitted a precise rating of the sleep stage during each recording period. Only
      minor changes were found in the latencies for the ABR during sleep. The MLR
      responses showed quite dramatic changes in morphology and latencies. Our results
      appear to indicate that the 40/sec stimulus presentation mode of the MLR will not
      be very effective during sleep due to the pronounced latency shifts of the
      different peaks in the MLR. The 40/sec response is based on an inter-peak latency
      of 25 msec. If this presumption is not fulfilled the different waves in the
      40/sec response will not be superimposed and consequently enhanced in the
      averaging procedure.

PMID- 4059845
TI  - Daily impedance audiometric screening of children in a day-care institution.
      Changes through one month.
AB  - Fifty-seven children in a fairly new day-care institution were examined daily by
      impedance audiometry through 4 weeks. A Madsen Electronics ZS 330 tympanoscope
      was used. The tympanometric curves were divided into types A, C1, C2, and B,
      indicating pressures over -99 mmH2O, from -100 to -199 mmH2O, below -199 mmH2O
      and completely flat curves, but in cases in which the compliance was less than
      0.25 ml, combined with an absent ipsilateral stapedial reflex, were also
      interpreted as type B. The object was to ascertain how quickly the types changed
      and how stable the B curves were. Types A + C1, C2, and B changed daily into
      other types in 4.3%, 32.8%, and 9.5% respectively. A total of 43 episodes of B
      curves occurred. Of them 16 lasted for only one day and thereamongst 9 became
      quite flat. Only a few lasted for 8-23 days and 8 for 26 days or over.

PMID- 4059846
TI  - The 40-Hz event-related potential as a measure of auditory sensitivity in
      normals.
AB  - Estimates of behavioral threshold using the 40-Hz Event-Related Potential (ERP)
      were obtained on sixteen normal subjects at frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000, and
      4000 Hz, and compared with behavioral thresholds for the same stimuli. The mean
      differences were within 10 dB at the three lowest frequencies. The mean
      difference at 4000 Hz was 16 dB. Peak amplitude of the response did not vary
      significantly either with signal amplitude or test frequency, but the latency of
      the response varied significantly with frequency. Factors which may affect the
      reliability and validity of the 40-Hz ERP are discussed.

PMID- 4059847
TI  - Brainstem response audiometry as subjective and objective test for neurological
      diagnosis.
AB  - This investigation is a preliminary report in which the auditory brainstem
      response (ABR) cross-correlation evaluation method is applied to a group of
      patients with a definite diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The analysis of the
      results shows that the cross-correlation procedure is able to detect the ABR
      abnormalities with at least the same degree of accuracy as the abnormality
      identification made by visual inspection. Furthermore, discriminant analysis of
      the cross-correlations results shows that by using the Z-maximum correlation from
      only two derivations it is possible to separate the multiple sclerosis group from
      the normal group with only two failures. Since the cross-correlation procedure
      allows the evaluation of the ABR waveform, avoiding the unsatisfactory
      limitations of subjective identification, this contribution supports the idea
      that the cross-correlation procedure can be a clinically promising method for
      objective evaluation of the ABR.

PMID- 4059848
TI  - Inter-interpreter agreement for ABR tracings. Results from 100 patients under
      otoneurologic investigation.
AB  - The auditory brainstem response (ABR) tracings of 100 patients under
      investigation for a neural lesion were examined independently by two
      audiologists. Each tracing for the ear under question was classified as normal or
      abnormal. There was 94% agreement. Suggestions are made as to how to establish
      quality control in audiology clinics.

PMID- 4059849
TI  - Immittance audiometry. Normative data at 220 and 660 Hz.
AB  - Normative immittance data for normal ears were collected at 220 and 660 Hz probe
      tone frequencies. The experimental set-up enabled conversion of simultaneously
      recorded susceptance and conductance data to resistance, reactance, admittance
      and phase angle tympanograms. Special attention was given to the subtraction of
      the ear canal admittance and to the pump speed. This paper demonstrates first the
      frequent occurrence (43.2%) of W-shaped tympanograms at 660 Hz probe tone in
      healthy ears. This percentage is not influenced by age, sex or pump direction.
      Normative data of the central extremum of the tympanogram are reported only for
      those immittance components in which W-notching does not occur. The wide variance
      of measurements in the population precludes the creation of subcategories. The
      intra-individual variation is much smaller and the authors advocate to use the
      value of the contralateral healthy ear as a reference.

PMID- 4059850
TI  - Localization of pure tones and click trains by untrained humans.
AB  - Minimum audible angles (m.a.a.s) of untrained subjects were measured in a room
      using pure tone (0.5 to 8 kHz) and click train (noise) stimuli (two alternative,
      forced-choice, constant stimulus with feedback and head movements permitted,
      horizontal plane, 0 degree azimuth). The m.a.a.s and standard deviations (SD)
      were 3.0 degrees +/- 5.2 degrees for click trains and 10.9 degrees +/- 21.0
      degrees for pure tones. The m.a.a.s did not vary significantly with frequency.
      The m.a.a.s and their SDs matched values reported from localization error
      studies. Narrowing the testing range from 32 degrees to 8 degrees resulted in
      random responses to the pure tones, though the click trains were readily
      localized. One subject presented with 2500 trials using an 8 kHz pure tone (with
      feedback, 16 degrees range) increased her responses from random to 88% correct
      during the testing. The click train m.a.a.s probably reflect the typical noise
      localizational abilities of the general population. For pure-tone m.a.a.s,
      experience/training may result in improved accuracy not applicable to the general
      public. The presence of a well defined time clue and a broad bandwidth sound
      results in significantly lower m.a.a.s than were obtained using pure tones which
      presumably present only interaural phase or intensity clues.

PMID- 4059851
TI  - Low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Brainstem response, speech and high
      frequency audiometry.
AB  - Four cases of acquired, unilateral sensorineural hearing loss are presented. The
      low-frequency octave threshold changes are considered compatible with the low
      frequency tails of neurons with characteristic frequencies of 2, 4 and 9 kHz.
      Zero speech discrimination was found in two patients with high-frequency
      threshold preservation at and above 4 kHz. Normal auditory brainstem responses
      were obtained in the two patients with low-frequency hearing loss confined to the
      frequency bands below 2 and 4 kHz respectively. Only wave I could be reliably
      identified in the two patients with single frequency threshold preservation at 2
      and 9 kHz, while both presented a second, low amplitude wave with latency
      corresponding to our normative values for wave V. The latter may represent a
      delayed and pathological wave III.

PMID- 4059852
TI  - Brainstem and cochlea potentials evoked by rarefaction and condensation single
      slope stimuli. A preliminary report.
AB  - Influences of stimulus polarity on Jewett wave V are rather small when using
      clicks which produce two or more polarity changes within a short time interval.
      In order to separate pressure changes towards rarefaction (R) and towards
      condensation (C) we applied steep single-slope stimuli returning very slowly to
      baseline. Brainstem responses recorded from 8 human subjects differed markedly
      for R and C onset. Amplitudes were much higher for R than for C onset. The main C
      response was double-peaked with the first peak appearing about 0.5 ms earlier and
      the second, higher one, 1 ms later than the predominant R wave. The transition
      from single-slope to click stimulation was investigated by combining R and C
      slopes. For large time intervals, independent responses to either slope were
      observed. Down to an on/off interval of 1 ms, the on-response predominated. For
      still shorter intervals an equalization of R and C responses and a graduation
      towards click responses was found. Using the same stimuli, cochlear microphonics
      (CM) and compound action potentials (CAP) were recorded from 7 guinea pigs. The
      CM did not replicate the slow off-motion of the single-slope stimulus, but
      returned back to baseline after 0.6 ms. The C compared with R latency of the CAP
      (peak N1) was also delayed by 0.6 ms. This delay, and that of human peak V, may
      be explained by CAP initiation only by one direction of basilar membrane motion.

PMID- 4059853
TI  - High-frequency audiometry. Normative studies and preliminary experiences.
AB  - A new, commercial high-frequency audiometer, Demlar 20K, for measuring hearing
      thresholds between 8 and 20 kHz has been used routinely in different patient
      groups and in a control population over the past 3 years. Test-retest studies
      have shown that this instrument can be used in the clinic with approximately the
      same degree of reproducibility as in conventional audiometry. While inter-subject
      variation is comparatively large, repeated evaluations can be performed in
      individual cases with an acceptable degree of reliability. This techniques can be
      helpful in differentiating between noise damage and presbycusis. Pre- and post
      operative high-frequency audiometry may prove to be of value in the assessment of
      middle ear surgical techniques.

PMID- 4059854
TI  - Signal detection in industrial noise: effects of noise exposure history, hearing
      loss, and the use of ear protection.
AB  - The detection of one-third octave signals superimposed on backgrounds of steady
      state and intermittent industrial noise of 84 dBA was investigated for observers
      with normal hearing or moderate to severe noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL).
      Variables included age, noise exposure history, configuration of the audiogram
      and the wearing of insert hearing protectors. Detection thresholds were obtained
      binaurally over headphones using a two- interval forced-choice procedure. For
      unprotected listening all observers showed a masked threshold of about 80 dBA for
      a one-third octave band cented at 3.15 kHz. Neither variation in noise exposure
      history nor configuration of the audiogram were significant factors. Using insert
      protectors in noise, observers with normal hearing showed an advantage on average
      of 3 dB. Those with NIHL gave masked detection thresholds greater than 100 dBA.
      Detection of a one-third octave band centred at 1 kHz by hearing-impaired
      observers with mild to moderate loss at 1 kHz was similar to that for normal
      observers. A model of the detection process was developed and evaluated.

PMID- 4059855
TI  - The shape of meatus-compensated immittance loci.

PMID- 4059856
TI  - Heinz body formation in red cell membrane disorders: its acceleration in membrane
      lipid abnormalities.
AB  - Abnormal Heinz body formation in the presence of acetylphenyl hydrazine was
      observed in some patients with red cell membrane abnormalities, such as
      hereditary red cell membrane high phosphatidyl choline haemolytic anaemia,
      congenital haemolytic anaemias of unknown origin, acquired hyperlipidaemia and
      paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. No abnormality of haemoglobin composition
      or of oxidation-reduction activities was noted in 66 patients studied. No
      abnormal Heinz body formation was seen in hereditary spherocytosis, hereditary
      elliptocytosis or hereditary stomatocytosis with normal membrane lipids, but
      increased Heinz body formation was observed in some patients with red cell
      membrane lipid abnormalities. The extent of abnormal Heinz body formation
      inversely correlated with a decreased molar ratio of free cholesterol to
      phosphatidyl choline in these red cells. Heinz body formation, therefore, may be
      abnormal in some red cell membrane disorders, especially when membrane lipid
      abnormalities exist.

PMID- 4059857
TI  - Prognostic significance of architectural patterns in non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
AB  - Clinical data and lymphoma biopsies were analyzed in 651 patients with non
      Hodgkin lymphoma in order to describe the prognostic influence of different
      grades of follicular architecture compared to diffuse architecture. The
      follicularity was graded qualitatively according to the distinctness of the
      pattern (intra-follicular, infiltrative follicular and traceably follicular
      patterns). The partially follicular pattern, with co-existence of follicular and
      diffuse areas in the same biopsy, was graded quantitatively according to the
      proportion of these areas. The median survival of patients with diffuse pattern
      was 1.2 years, while that of patients with follicular patterns ranged from 2.5 to
      7.3 yr. The prognosis for those with partially follicular pattern was not
      affected, whether or not more or less than 50% of the lymphoma was diffuse. For
      cytologically identical lymphomas, only the intra- and infiltrative follicular
      patterns influenced the prognosis favourably. This conclusion was further
      substantiated by means of multivariate analysis.

PMID- 4059858
TI  - Aseptic bone/bone marrow necrosis in leukaemia.
AB  - Aseptic (avascular) bone/bone marrow necrosis (ABN) was found in 21 leukaemic
      patients during a period of 14 yr, with a frequency of 6.5% in autopsied
      leukaemic patients, and with the highest frequency in ALL. 8 patients (38%)
      complained of bone pain. X-ray examination was carried out in 7 of these with a
      positive result in 3 (43%). Only 1 patient had elevated S-Alkaline phosphatase.
      Leucocytosis was found in 12 patients. Only 1 patient (ALL) received steroid in a
      rather high dose during 6 weeks. At autopsy ABN was found localized to the femur
      in all patients and 2 patients also had ABN in other bones. Post-mortem X-ray
      examination demonstrated changes in 8 of 15 cases (53%), with osteolysis in 6 and
      sclerosis in 2. 19 patients had had recent ABN with some fibroblast
      proliferation. In 4 of these, appositional bone formation had started. 2 patients
      had sclerosis as the only change. The pathogenesis of ABN is not known; an
      important factor, however, may be ischaemia due to vascular obstruction.

PMID- 4059859
TI  - Relationship of mean platelet volume to platelet count in morphologic evaluation
      of thrombopoiesis.
AB  - A graph of the relationship between mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet count
      (TPK) was constructed out of 158 haematologically normal individuals, 19 patients
      with thrombocytopenia and 63 patients with thrombocytosis. Patients with
      thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis whose bone marrows were found to show
      adequate or increased, morphologically normal, thrombopoiesis were included in
      the graph. The graph was found to exhibit the previously known inverse
      relationship between TPK and MPV extended into thrombocytopenic values and is
      thought to represent an intact marrow function capable of meeting the increased
      demands of thrombopoiesis. On the other hand, 15 patients whose bone marrows were
      showing evidence of hypoplastic thrombopoiesis fell outside the region
      representing intact marrow function. The position of an individual's values of
      MPV vs TPK in a coordinate system with these variables on the axes correlates
      well with the morphologic evaluation of thrombopoietic function and seems to be
      clinically useful.

PMID- 4059860
TI  - Effect of sera from various vertebrate species on mouse erythroid progenitor
      proliferation.
AB  - Sera from different vertebrate species were tested for their stimulating activity
      upon mouse CFU-E growth. Crude sera were either naturally stimulating or toxic.
      Absorption on mouse blood and spleen cells or decomplementation removes or
      neutralizes the toxicity, probably mediated through natural anti-mouse
      antibodies. All but 2 sera tested (ox and sheep) were stimulatory. This
      stimulating activity was found to be either heat-sensitive or -resistant
      according to the sera. Upon chromatography on DEAE cellulose, 2 fractions were
      obtained which were both stimulatory. Whether these two stimulating activities
      correspond to different molecules or to only 1 absorbed on different serum
      proteins remains to be determined. These results confirm previous results
      obtained for mouse and human sera and suggest that this cross-reactive
      stimulating activity may have an important role in vertebrate erythropoiesis.

PMID- 4059861
TI  - Response to oxymetholone in hairy cell leukaemia.

PMID- 4059862
TI  - Compressive myelopathy. An unusual presentation of B-thalassaemia intermedia.

PMID- 4059863
TI  - Lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with untreated pernicious anaemia.

PMID- 4059864
TI  - Kingella kingae infections: a review and a presentation of data from 10 Swedish
      cases.
AB  - Kingella kingae is a fastidious gram-negative rod related to the Neisseriae.
      Together with data from published cases of K. kingae infection, we report the
      clinical and laboratory findings from 10 cases in western Sweden; a specific
      serological reaction is also described. The diagnoses were osteomyelitis, septic
      arthritis, discitis, endocarditis, occult bacteraemia and phlegmon. The data from
      the Swedish cases, together with those from previous reports in the literature
      provided the basis for an analysis of a total of 33 cases, ranging from self
      limiting to potentially fatal infections. In orthopaedic infections (n = 19),
      including 3 cases of discitis, the course was usually protracted but subacute and
      benign, although the full-blown, acute septic arthritis was also encountered.
      Endocarditis (n = 10) was characterized by a stormy clinical course and the
      development of significant sequelae. The majority of the patients were previously
      healthy children. 42% of them had a current or recent upper respiratory tract
      infection. After start of antibiotic treatment patients were afebrile within a
      few days. Betalactam antibiotics should be regarded as the drugs of choice for
      coping with K. kingae. We stress the insidious course of skeletal infections in
      children and urge the importance of early puncture of a suspected focus to
      establish a correct diagnosis without delay. The clinical data suggest that K.
      kingae should be regarded as a significant pathogen.

PMID- 4059865
TI  - Serodiagnosis of acute B hepatitis: comparison between a competitive binding
      radioimmunoassay and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for IgM antibody to
      hepatitis B core antigen.
AB  - The standard radioimmunoassay for anti-HBc (CORAB) was modified for the
      differential detection of anti-HBc IgM by incorporation of a step in which anti
      HBc IgG was preferentially absorbed by Staphylococcus aureus cells (Protein A).
      The ratio (R) of anti-HBc IgM to total anti-HBc was evaluated by computing the
      ratio of sample cpm's after and before protein A absorption. The R values of
      acute B hepatitis ranged from 0.9 to 2.1 (mean 1.3 +/- 0.3) while those of
      chronic HBsAg carriers ranged from 3.1 to 8.3 (mean 4.9 +/- 1.1). Adopting 2.1 as
      the upper limit of R value for acute B infection, this modified CORAB was shown
      to have excellent correlation with enzyme immunoassay, and to be capable of
      differentiating acute from persistent HBV infection in HBsAg positive patients,
      and discriminating acute B hepatitis from non-A, non-B hepatitis in HBsAg
      negative but anti-HBc positive acute hepatitis.

PMID- 4059866
TI  - The diagnostic value of symptoms and signs in acute tonsillitis in children over
      the age of 10 and in adults.
AB  - 267 outpatients with acute tonsillitis were studied with regard to clinical signs
      and symptoms and presence of beta-hemolytic streptococci. Beta-hemolytic
      streptococci were found in 169 patients (63%), compared to 6/64 healthy controls
      (9%). Of the tonsillitis patients with beta-hemolytic streptococci, 80% harboured
      group A and 20% groups C and G. Five out of 6 controls had group C and G
      streptococci. Eight clinical signs and symptoms of acute tonsillitis were rated
      on a 10-point scale. A correlation was found between redness in the oropharynx
      and on the tonsils and positive culture for beta-hemolytic streptococci group A.
      The total WBC count, polymorphonuclear leucocytes and ratio of polymorphonuclear
      to mononuclear leucocytes were strongly correlated to a positive culture for
      streptococci group A. Groups C and G did not show these correlations. The study
      stresses the importance of quantitative culture technique and the value of this
      for diagnosis in the acute ill patient with tonsillitis.

PMID- 4059867
TI  - Bacterial endocarditis in patients with native or prosthetic heart valves:
      bacteriological and clinical findings.
AB  - The clinical course of 12 episodes of native valve endocarditis (NVE) and 15
      episodes of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) was studied. The mortality in NVE
      was 3/12 episodes and in PVE 5/15. No significant differences in prognosis were
      observed in relation to the bacterial taxonomy, which was stated in all cases.
      Though surgical valve replacement was performed on the relative indications heart
      failure, resistance to treatment, or major embolism, the regimen was primarily
      conservative, and the results comparable to the reports in the literature of a
      more surgically active attitude.

PMID- 4059868
TI  - An epidemiological survey of urinary tract infections among outpatients in
      Northern Norway.
AB  - Urinary tract infections (UTI) in all outpatients from several municipalities in
      Northern Norway were examined during 1 year. Comparatively high frequencies of
      UTI were found among women of all ages, among people greater than 60 years of
      both sexes, in coastline municipalities, and during the fall and winter. About
      70% of all UTI were caused by Escherichia coli, more in women than in men. Other
      gram-negative enterobacteria (Klebsiella, Proteus) and gram-positive cocci
      (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staph. saprophyticus, Staph. aureus, Streptococcus
      faecalis) caused the majority of remaining infections. Relatively more gram
      positive cocci (except Staph. saprophyticus) than gram-negative enterobacteria
      were from males. Patients with gram-positive cocci, except Strep. faecalis, were
      generally younger than those with gram-negative enterobacteria.

PMID- 4059869
TI  - Campylobacter ssp. infections in Iceland during a 24-month period in 1980-1982.
      Clinical and epidemiological characteristics.
AB  - During a 2-year period, 67 isolates of Campylobacter ssp. were cultured from 7213
      stool specimens submitted for culture from 4019 individuals (1.7%). In the same
      period considerably more strains of Salmonella were isolated, 164 (4.1%). In the
      majority of cases campylobacteriosis presented as a mild disease. Some patients
      however were severely ill and 22 (32.8%) were hospitalized. Clinical resemblance
      to ulcerative colitis caused diagnostic difficulties in several patients. Two
      thirds of the patients contracted their disease domestically. There was a marked
      seasonal variation with peak incidence during the summer months.

PMID- 4059870
TI  - Characteristic manifestations of clostridium induced spontaneous gangrenous
      myositis.
AB  - Spontaneous clostridial myonecrosis occurred in 30- and 69-year-old patients with
      pancytopenia (after treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia) and diabetes with
      neutropenia respectively. They presented with fever and sudden onset of pain plus
      tenderness in involved muscles. They rapidly deteriorated and died within hours
      after admission. A review of the literature for previous reports of this
      condition disclosed 31 additional cases. Mean age of patients was 50 years, male
      to female ratio was 2.2:1, and an underlying condition was present in all of
      them. Presenting manifestations were spontaneously occurring excruciating pain in
      the involved muscle (67%), generalized sepsis and shock (24%), nonpainful
      swelling in the involved muscles (6%) and pain, swelling and shock (3%).
      Mortality rate was 91% (30/33). The clostridial strains associated with this
      condition were identified in 31 cases, with Clostridium perfringens and C.
      septicum causing 28 of them. Bacteremia was described in 10 cases. Awareness of
      this rare catastrophe may aid in early recognition and surgical intervention
      which are essential for patient survival.

PMID- 4059871
TI  - Tobramycin therapy--two or three doses per day?
AB  - 11 patients with moderate infections were treated with bolus injections of
      tobramycin in a fixed dose of 4.5 mg/kg and day for 8 days. The patients were
      randomized to injections every 8 h (TID) for 4 days followed by injection every
      12 h (BID) or vice versa. Serum concentrations were measured on day 2 of each
      regimen. The TID regimen gave peak levels less than 4 micrograms/ml in 5/11
      patients, mean value 4.2 micrograms/ml. With the BID regimen 2 patients had peaks
      less than 4 micrograms/ml, mean value 5.9 micrograms/ml. The BID regimen seems
      preferable when treating patients with normal renal function. The bolus
      injections were well tolerated.

PMID- 4059872
TI  - Severe pulmonary infection by Haemophilus aphrophilus in a non-compromised child.
AB  - A Haemophilus aphrophilus pulmonary infection with abscess formation in a
      previously healthy 9-year-old girl is reported. This has not been reported
      earlier in the literature. The clinical features were extremely severe with
      respiratory, circulatory and renal insufficiency. Artificial ventilation for 10
      days was necessary, initially with 100% oxygen and extremely high airway
      pressure. The girl is now in perfect health again.

PMID- 4059873
TI  - Bladder distension in the management of detrusor instability.
AB  - In a 10-year period, 15 patients were treated with bladder distension because of
      urinary symptoms associated with detrusor instability. All patients had failed to
      respond to previous drug therapy. Ten patients had previously undergone surgical
      procedures for urinary incontinence, also without success. Five patients had
      repeated bladder distensions performed because of lack of improvement after the
      first procedure. Follow-up cystometry was performed in 14 cases. In all cases the
      instability was unchanged. Only one patient reported improvement in voiding
      symptoms. No complications were seen. With a success-rate of 6% (1 out of 15
      patients) we do not recommend bladder distension with the present procedure as
      therapy for detrusor instability.

PMID- 4059874
TI  - The effects of methenamine-hippurate upon urinary risk factors for renal stone
      formation.
AB  - Among the various treatments for renal calcium stone disease, none has been
      documented to reduce urinary oxalate. Methenamine-hippurate (Hiprex) has been
      used extensively in the treatment of urinary tract infections and from
      micropuncture studies in the rat, using para-aminohippurate, it could be expected
      to reduce the renal secretion of oxalate. A daily dose of 3 g was given orally to
      15 healthy subjects for 2 weeks. However, there was no net decrease in the
      urinary excretion of oxalate, but a risk index based on the urinary content of
      calcium, magnesium, oxalate, citrate and urine became reduced during treatment.
      The urinary inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal growth was unaffected. It is
      concluded that there may be a potential in methenamine-hippurate for the
      treatment of calcium stone disease, which can only be evaluated, however, by a
      clinical trial in stone patients.

PMID- 4059875
TI  - Transabdominal and lumbar nephrectomy for renal adenocarcinoma.
AB  - The results of 178 transabdominal and 79 lumbal nephrectomies were compared,
      based on a consecutive series of patients with renal adenocarcinoma. The
      corrected 5-year survival rate for patients without distant metastases was 64%
      for transabdominal and 57% for lumbar nephrectomy. This difference is not
      statistically significant. The transabdominal approach made possible a more
      extensive operation in patients with tumours extending to neighbouring organs,
      but none has survived as long as three years. Duration of surgery, need for blood
      transfusion and duration of postoperative hospital care were similar. Splenic
      injury occurred in 9.6% of the patients with transabdominal nephrectomy, but this
      did not result in additional morbidity or mortality. There were a few other
      sporadic complications.

PMID- 4059877
TI  - The importance of the lymphatic system.

PMID- 4059876
TI  - Surgical removal of pulmonary metastases from renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - Thirty-three patients operated on for pulmonary metastases from renal cancer were
      followed up for a minimum of 5 years or to death. The 5-year survival was 21%.
      There was a tendency to better survival in patients operated by lobectomy rather
      than limited resection. Extended operations carried a grave prognosis. Manifest
      metastatic disease within one year after the primary operation showed shortened
      survival. Repeated operations were possible, with good results. It is concluded
      that operations for pulmonary metastases can be performed with good results.
      However, the effect is a palliative one as the ultimate cause of death in all
      instances was the spread of the cancer disease.

PMID- 4059878
TI  - Partial ureteric obstruction in weanling rats. I. Long-term effects on the renal
      morphology.
AB  - Partial obstruction of one ureter was created in weanling rats (3 weeks old) and
      its effects were studied after 3, 6, and 9 weeks. Within 3 weeks, a considerable
      hydronephrosis had appeared, which did not progress with time. No effect on
      parenchymal weight was observed, either on the obstructed side or on the
      contralateral, intact one. Histological examination revealed a marked deformation
      of the papilla in about 25% of the hydronephrotic kidneys and evidence of chronic
      pyelonephritis in 40%. However, the inflammatory changes were restricted to the
      attenuated circumhilar 'edges' of the parenchyma, thus involving only a minor
      portion of the kidney. The body weight of the animals obstructed for 9 weeks was
      12% lower than that of normal, sham-operated controls. In summary, the effect on
      the renal parenchyma of partial ureteric obstruction, created in the weanling
      period, was relatively discrete and less pronounced than when obstruction is
      performed in the neonatal period.

PMID- 4059879
TI  - Long-standing urethral instrumentation leading to an unusual complication.
AB  - An unusual case is described, of long-standing urethral instrumentation primarily
      presenting as a large ischio-rectal abscess. The purpose of the urethral
      manipulation is often masturbatory and shares both sadomasochistic and
      fetishistic features.

PMID- 4059880
TI  - Haematuria.
AB  - Haematuria due to lesions such as haemangiomas, varicose veins etc. are seldom
      described. We present two patients with rare lesions causing gross haematuria
      that caused diagnostic problems since all the clinical investigations were
      negative. The lesions were diagnosed peroperatively with the use of a pyeloscope.
      In this way a nephrectomy was avoided.

PMID- 4059881
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder.
AB  - Two cases of spontaneous bladder rupture are presented. The aetiology, clinical
      picture and treatment are described. The mortality rate is high in this
      condition, and clinicians should be aware of the diagnosis in differentiation of
      abdominal emergencies with urinary symptoms.

PMID- 4059882
TI  - Acute urinary bladder tamponade with hypovolemic shock due to placenta percreta
      with bladder invasion. Case report.
AB  - A rare case with residual tissue of placenta previa invading posterior parts of
      the bladder as placenta percreta complicated by massive late hematuria with
      hypovolemic shock two months after gynecologic-obstetric operation is presented.
      The patient was finally treated by emergency bladder resection. If a grand
      multipara with a history of hysterotomies, such as cesarean sections, presents
      lower abdominal pain involving hematuria during pregnancy, placental invasion of
      the bladder may be suspected. The primary treatment by hysterectomy should be
      complemented by bladder resection. This placental type may have high
      steroidogenesis.

PMID- 4059883
TI  - The lazy bladder--appraisal of surgical reduction.
AB  - Ten patients with abnormally large bladder capacity and large volumes of residual
      urine, but without neurologic or obstructive bladder disease, were urodynamically
      investigated. Detrusor contractility was defective in the male patients as
      compared with healthy men, but in this respect the women did not differ
      significantly from controls. After reductive cystoplasty with fundus invagination
      or detrusor duplication, detrusor efficiency did not improve but there was less
      residual urine and previous urinary tract infections did not recur. Strict
      indications for cystoplasty are recommended. The operation should preferably be
      limited to men with tendency to urinary tract infection or dilatation of the
      renal pelves. Bladder neck incision should be performed at the same operation.

PMID- 4059884
TI  - A comparative study of pain description, emotional discomfort and health
      perception in patients with chronic pain syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to compare pain description and emotional
      and psychosomatic discomfort in patients with chronic pain syndrome (CPS) and
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in order to identify special characteristic features in
      patients with CPS. Methods used were a Visual Analogue Scale, the McGill Pain
      Questionnaire, a new pain, ache and hurt assessment tool and a questionnaire
      related to causes of pain, health perception and experienced emotional and
      psychosomatic discomfort. The patients with CPS perceived themselves as being
      less healthy than patients with RA. While the sensory quality of pain was similar
      in both groups, the emotional component was stronger in patients with CPS. They
      experienced more emotional and psychosomatic discomfort compared to patients with
      RA. They believed that factors associated with their work had caused the pain.
      The result indicates that assessment of ache by patients with CPS on the Visual
      Analogue Scale reflects the affective dimension of the experience.

PMID- 4059885
TI  - Shoulder externally rotating exercises with pulley apparatus. Joint load and EMG.
AB  - The mechanical load on the gleno-humeral joint and the muscular activity during
      shoulder external rotation resisted by a pulley apparatus were analysed using
      normalized, low-pass-filtered EMG recorded from the infraspinatus, deltoid,
      pectoralis major and trapezius muscles. The load moment about the longitudinal
      axis of the joint was compared with the distribution of maximum muscle moment
      over different angles throughout the range of motion. The effect of subject
      positioning on the joint load and the muscular activity was studied. The best
      adaptation between the curves for load moment and maximum muscle moment was
      obtained when the subject was positioned sitting with the pulley located 20
      degrees posterior to a frontal plane through the shoulders at a distance of 1.3 m
      from the joint. Of the four muscles investigated, the infraspinatus was the most
      active. The method described might be used to find optimal designs of shoulder
      external rotation exercises with special regard to avoiding unintentional
      overloading of joint structures weakened by disease or trauma.

PMID- 4059886
TI  - Change in muscle force following electrical stimulation. Dependence on
      stimulation waveform and frequency.
AB  - Change in muscle force in healthy subjects due to electrical stimulation was
      accomplished with rectangular and sinusoidal currents. The pulse width of
      rectangular stimuli was 0.3 ms and repetition frequency was 25 Hz. The frequency
      of sinusoidal stimuli was 2 500 Hz, chopped by a 25 Hz rectangular signal.
      Thirteen healthy subjects were involved in the study and divided into three
      groups. The first group (A) had stimulation with rectangular impulses, the second
      (B) with sinusoidal impulses and the third (C) was a control group. The
      quadriceps muscle was stimulated daily for 10 minutes for 3 weeks. The maximal
      voluntary isometric torque increased for 25% in group A and 13% in group B, while
      there was no significant difference in group C. Different patterns of fatigue
      occurred with different stimuli. The presence of fatigue during the high
      frequency sinusoidal stimulation diminished the strengthening effects.

PMID- 4059887
TI  - Simulation of paretic gait in normal subjects by loading the ankles.
AB  - Normal subjects were loaded with increasing weights (2-6 kg) applied around the
      ankles. During these conditions stride length increased in relation to velocity.
      The percentage duration of single support in relation to stride duration
      increased. Provided the same load was applied around both ankles increase was
      symmetrical. Consequently there was also an increase of swing as well as a
      decrease of stance and of double support. The results contrast in all respects to
      what was found in previous experiments when the load was carried in the hand.
      During these conditions stride length decreased as well as the duration of single
      support. The two experimental conditions differed in that with ankle loading the
      swing phase was loaded while in the other case stance was loaded. The two types
      of experiment may help to explain why some patients with paretic legs walk with
      short strides, while others walk with strides that are normal or slightly
      prolonged.

PMID- 4059888
TI  - The mortality of boot and shoe makers, with special reference to cancer.
AB  - The study describes the mortality of 5 017 men known to have been employed in the
      boot and shoe manufacturing industry in three towns in Great Britain in 1939. At
      the end of 1982, 97.5% of the men were traced, and 3 434 (68.4%) were known to be
      dead. Expected numbers were calculated according to the person-years method and
      were adjusted according to the standardized mortality ratios of the counties in
      which the towns were situated. The mortality experience of the men for all
      causes, all cancers combined, and all other causes was favorable. The anticipated
      excess of deaths from nasal cancer (10 observed, 1.87 expected) was found, and
      the excess was significant for workers in the finishing room. Deficits were found
      for other types of respiratory cancer. An excess mortality from leukemia was
      found for workers in one town (7 observed, 3.0 expected), and the excess was
      significant for workers in the lasting and making room, where glues and solvents,
      including benzene, were known to have been used. An excess mortality from rectal
      cancer was found for workers in two towns (61 observed, 47.6 expected), and it
      was significant for workers in the lasting and making rooms (25 observed, 12.4
      expected). Some supporting evidence for a risk of rectal cancer in this industry
      was found in the literature.

PMID- 4059889
TI  - Mortality among retired fur workers. Dyers, dressers (tanners) and service
      workers.
AB  - A retrospective cohort mortality study was conducted on 807 fur dyers, fur
      dressers (tanners), and fur service workers who were pensioned between 1952 and
      1977 by the Fur, Leather and Machine Workers Union of New York City. Workplace
      exposures of fur workers varied with job category. Dyers were exposed to
      oxidative dyes used in commercial hair dyes; dressers and service workers were
      exposed to tanning chemicals. In a comparison with the New York City population,
      no significant increases in mortality were observed among the fur dyers. Among
      fur dressers, mortality from all malignant neoplasms [standardized mortality
      ratio (SMR) 151] and lung cancer (SMR 232) was significantly elevated, as was
      mortality from cardiovascular disease (SMR 126) among fur service workers. When
      examined by ethnic origin, the elevated SMR values and directly age-adjusted rate
      ratios suggested that foreign-born fur dressers and eastern European-born fur
      workers experienced the highest risks for lung and colorectal cancers,
      respectively. These data support previous findings of increased mortality from
      colorectal cancer in the foreign-born population of the United States and suggest
      a possible occupational etiology for the observed lung cancer excess.

PMID- 4059890
TI  - Response of solvent-exposed printers and unexposed controls to six-hour toluene
      exposure.
AB  - The acute effects of toluene were studied in 43 male printers and 43 control
      subjects matched according to sex, age, educational level, and smoking habits.
      The mean age of the subjects was 36 (range 29-50) years. The printers had been
      exposed to solvents for 9 to 25 years during employment at flexo and rotogravure
      printing plants, while the controls had no history of solvent exposure. Each
      subject was exposed once in a climate chamber to either 100 ppm of toluene or
      clean air for 6.5 h preceded by a 1-h acclimatization period. The effects of
      toluene were measured from subjective votes with linear analogue rating scales on
      16 items, and on the performance of 10 different tests measuring psychomotor
      skills, perceptual skills, and vigilance. Exposure to 100 ppm of toluene compared
      with exposure to clean air caused discomfort with complaints of low air quality,
      strong odor, fatigue, sleepiness, a feeling of intoxication, and irritation of
      the eyes, nose and throat. Furthermore, the subjects exposed to toluene showed
      decreased manual dexterity, decreased color discrimination, and decreased
      accuracy in visual perception. There was no significant difference in the effects
      of toluene on printers compared to those of toluene on controls, but tendencies
      toward a greater sensitivity were seen for the printers in two tests.

PMID- 4059891
TI  - Exposure to microorganisms, febrile and airway-obstructive symptoms, immune
      status and lung function of Swedish farmers.
AB  - A questionnaire was sent to 512 farmers, members of a local farmer's health
      association. Eighty were interviewed, and their serum precipitins and total serum
      immunoglobulin E (IgE) values were determined. Forty-five underwent extensive
      pulmonary function tests. On the basis of the clinical evaluation it was
      estimated that 19% of the farmers had experienced febrile reactions (fever and/or
      shivering) following exposure to organic dust, 50% of the 19% having been exposed
      within the last 2.5 years. Common causes were moldy grain, hay, and woodchips.
      The pulmonary function, gas exchange, and chest radiographs of those who had
      previously had febrile reactions were normal. Only 13% showed positive precipitin
      reactions in Ouchterlony double-diffusion tests. With more sensitive tests,
      positive precipitins were found in 59%, but they were negatively correlated with
      febrile episodes. Air samples collected during work with hay and grain on 21
      farms contained between 10(7) to 2 X 10(9) microorganisms/m3. The highest values
      were associated with symptoms of alveolitis. Eleven percent of the farmers
      reported obstructive chest symptoms following exposure to organic dust. This
      group showed decreased pulmonary function and elevated serum IgE levels and
      included a high proportion of smokers and exsmokers. No correlation was found
      between febrile and obstructive reactions.

PMID- 4059892
TI  - Toxicokinetics of toluene in the rat.
AB  - Toxicokinetic experiments with toluene that rely on data pooled from several
      animals have typically provided estimates of rate constants based on single
      exponential functions; in the present study a within-subject design was used to
      describe the time course of toluene in the blood to see if additional exponential
      terms could be resolved. Each rat was exposed for 2 h to either 1 000, 1 780, or
      3 000 ppm of toluene. Blood samples were drawn at different times from indwelling
      jugular cannulae, and blood toluene concentrations were determined by vapor phase
      equilibrium chromatography. There was substantial variability between the peak
      blood values of the animals at each exposure concentration. Nonlinear regression
      was used to determine regression parameters for data drawn from individual
      animals. A bi-exponential function was found to minimize significantly the
      residual sum of squares observed during elimination. However, only a single
      exponential function could be resolved reliably during uptake. The mean half-time
      during uptake was approximately 34 min; the two half-times for elimination
      averaged approximately 6 and 90 min. Because of between-subject variability, a
      more accurate description of the time course of toluene uptake and elimination
      can be provided by kinetic studies that use a within-subject design.

PMID- 4059893
TI  - Determination of dimethylethylamine in air samples from iron foundries by
      isotachophoresis.
AB  - A method for the determination of dimethylethylamine in workroom air has been
      developed. Static gas standards of the amine in air were used to evaluate
      different sampling techniques. The analysis was performed by isotachophoresis.
      The sampling equipment of choice was midget impinger flasks of glass or
      polystyrene containing 10 ml of hydrochloric acid (50 mmol/l). The method was
      used in a field study of three different iron foundries where air samples were
      taken. The dimethylethylamine concentration found was in the range 0.5-155 mg/m3.
      No pretreatment of the samples was necessary, and no interfering substances from
      the air in the foundries affected the analysis.

PMID- 4059894
TI  - Biological reactivity of different crystalline forms of titanium dioxide in vitro
      and in vivo.
AB  - The biological reactivity of two crystalline forms of titanium dioxide, rutile
      and anatase, has been compared in in vitro and in vivo assays. Rutile and anatase
      induced similar effects, and both had a very low biological activity in
      comparison to alpha-quartz. Rutile samples containing trace amounts of nickel or
      chromium had an activity similar to that of pure rutile.

PMID- 4059895
TI  - [Clinical practice, the laboratory and clinical research].

PMID- 4059896
TI  - [Is the alternating pulse a prognostically unfavorable sign for the postoperative
      course in patients with severe aortic defects?].
AB  - Pulsus alternans has been observed in patients with severe aortic valve disease
      and hypertensive or coronary artery disease, and has been considered a sign of
      severe ventricular dysfunction. Between 1974 and 1982 we observed 12 patients
      with severe aortic valve disease (10 aortic stenosis, 1 aortic insufficiency and
      1 with a combination of both valve lesions) and pulsus alternans (group 1).
      Twelve patients (9 aortic stenosis, 1 aortic insufficiency and 2 with a
      combination of both valve lesions), but without pulsus alternans, served as
      controls (group 2). All 24 patients underwent surgery and were followed up for 36
      months (group 1) and 50 months (group 2) respectively. One patient from group 2
      died after surgery from cerebral hemorrhage. Mean age was similar in both groups
      (56 vs. 55 years). Preoperatively, the patients in group 1 were in a higher NYHA
      class (2.7 vs. 2.3; p less than 0.05) and had a higher heart rate (90 vs. 71
      beats/min; p less than 0.005) than patients in group 2. M-mode echocardiography
      showed reduced left ventricular systolic shortening (23% vs. 35%; p less than
      0.001) and increased left atrial diameter (4.6 cm vs. 3.8 cm; p less than 0.05)
      in group 1 compared with group 2. Systolic pressure gradient, aortic
      regurgitation, left ventricular end-diastolic and peak systolic pressure were,
      however, similar in both groups. Left ventricular angiographic ejection fraction
      was significantly reduced in group 1 (48% vs. 60%; p less than 0.01) compared
      with group 2. Postoperative follow-up was similar in both groups.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4059897
TI  - [Extent of coronary sclerosis in relation to lipoprotein lipase activity and
      plasma triglyceride levels].
AB  - Coronary artery disease (CAD) is closely connected with an increased
      concentration of cholesterol and a decreased concentration of high-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol) in human plasma. No general agreement exists
      about the atherogenic potential of increased plasma triglycerides. Although both
      a negative correlation between plasma triglycerides and post heparin lipoprotein
      lipase (LPL) and a positive correlation between the plasma concentration of HDL
      chol and LPL-activity are well documented, only a few studies have investigated
      the relationship between CAD and LPL. Therefore, 109 male patients with
      angiographically assessed CAD were investigated with respect to plasma lipids,
      post heparin LPL, and plasma testosterone and estradiol, which are both known to
      influence LPL-activity. Many well known results were confirmed. The extent of
      CAD, assessed by coronary angiography as coronary score (CS), was significantly
      positively correlated to plasma cholesterol, plasma triglycerides, plasma
      phospholipids, plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-chol) and age. CS
      was significantly negatively correlated to LPL-activity and to the plasma
      concentration of HDL-chol. LPL itself was significantly negatively correlated to
      plasma cholesterol, plasma triglycerides and phospholipids, and significantly
      positively correlated to HDL-chol and plasma testosterone. The most surprising
      result of this study was the significant correlation between CS and LPL (r = 
      0.4624; p less than 0.001), a correlation which could explain the increased
      plasma triglycerides and decreased plasma HDL-chol.

PMID- 4059898
TI  - [Dengue fever as an imported disease in Switzerland].
AB  - A report is presented on 2 tourists returning from the Indian Ocean area in whom
      clinically overt dengue fever was diagnosed. The epidemiology, pathogenesis and
      clinical course of the disease are discussed.

PMID- 4059899
TI  - [Metastatic pulmonary calcification in patients with chronic renal
      insufficiency].
AB  - Case reports on two patients with metastatic pulmonary calcification are
      presented. Both suffered from long standing chronic renal failure and received
      immunosuppressive therapy for a (non-functioning) renal transplant. Laboratory
      tests disclosed hyperphosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism. In the first
      patient, who presented with "pulmonary edema", the course was rapidly fatal.
      Diffuse pulmonary calcification was diagnosed only post mortem. Transbronchial
      biopsy was diagnostic for calcification in the second patient, who had exertional
      dyspnea and bilateral, asymmetric, interstitial infiltrations on chest X-ray. In
      patients with chronic renal failure, metastatic calcifications are due not only
      to disturbances of calcium-phosphate homeostasis but also to other, mostly
      unknown factors. Diagnostic procedures include biopsy and 99m-technetium
      diphosphonate scintigraphy. Prophylaxis of pulmonary calcifications through
      normalization of serum phosphate and, if indicated, subtotal parathyroidectomy is
      of the utmost importance as regression of established calcifications rarely
      occurs.

PMID- 4059900
TI  - [Surgical treatment of type I and II dissecting aortic aneurysms].
AB  - Over a period of 15 years, 89 patients (70 male, 19 female) aged 15-76 (mean 48)
      underwent surgery for acute (64) or chronic (25) dissecting aneurysm type I or
      II. Early mortality was 18% (16 patients); 8 patients died late (2.8% per year);
      8 patients had to be reoperated because of late complications on the aorta.
      Although very often it is not possible to remove or replace the entire diseased
      aorta, the goal of the operative procedure is to reduce the risk of rupture by
      replacing the entry site with a dacron graft. Late reoperation has to be
      considered if dissection progresses or a new aneurysm develops.

PMID- 4059901
TI  - Drug therapy and rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4059902
TI  - Chronic subdural haematoma in the CT scan era.
AB  - One hundred and fifty patients with chronic subdural haematoma were studied with
      respect to clinical features, investigation and outcome. Those patients aged 65
      years and over did not differ significantly in either outcome or clinical
      features from the rest. The outcome in this series of patients, managed after CT
      scanning became the standard method of investigation, was no better than in
      previous studies. The only factor which did influence outcome was the level of
      responsiveness on admission. The overall mortality in this study was 6 per cent.
      CT scanning does not therefore result in improved results in patients with
      chronic subdural haematoma; this may rather depend upon better selection of
      patients for CT scanning.

PMID- 4059903
TI  - Have the newer NSAIDS contributed to the management of rheumatoid arthritis?
AB  - Approximately 30 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents are available for the
      treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In this study patient acceptability of five
      such agents (benoxaprofen, fenbufen, feprazone, flurbiprofen, ketoprofen) is
      compared in groups of 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Less than 40 per
      cent of patients continued on the prescribed drug for six months. Significantly
      more patients stopped fenbufen than stopped feprazone, otherwise dropout rates
      between the groups were similar. The overall efficacy and toxicity of most
      currently prescribed NSAIDs appear to be similar, and the availability of a
      surfeit of such agents dilutes clinical experience with any one drug. Despite
      subsequent events this method failed to differentiate benoxaprofen from the other
      agents. It would seem likely that this surfeit of similar drugs hinders detection
      of unusual complications, and impedes satisfactory management of inflammatory
      rheumatic disorders.

PMID- 4059905
TI  - Erythema nodosum following typhoid vaccination.
AB  - Erythema nodosum has recently been recognised in association with salmonella
      infection (1). We report a case of classical erythema nodosum which developed
      following a typhoid vaccination.

PMID- 4059904
TI  - Haematocrit in patients attending a hypertension clinic.
AB  - In view of recent interest in the relationship of haematocrit and blood viscosity
      to hypertension and vascular disease, we have analysed retrospectively the
      relationship of haematocrit to blood pressure, vascular complications and other
      variables in 2,381 patients referred to the Glasgow Blood Pressure Clinic.
      Haematocrit correlated negatively with age and systolic pressure in men, and
      positively with age and systolic pressure in females. Positive correlations were
      found in both sexes between haematocrit and serum alanine aminotransferase
      (possibly due to mutual correlation with alcohol); and between haematocrit and
      overweight (Quetelet Index) but not obesity (Ponderal Index). Increased
      haematocrit was also associated with cigarette smoking; and with history of
      angina, myocardial infarction and intermittent claudication in females. No
      correlation was observed between haematocrit and history of stroke. These
      findings suggest that prospective studies of haematocrit in hypertensives may be
      of interest.

PMID- 4059907
TI  - Successful trigeminal thermocoagulation for paroxysmal trigeminal neuralgia in a
      patient with severe haemophilia.
AB  - Neurosurgical procedures in patients with severe haemophilia carry a major risk
      of bleeding. We describe successful thermocoagulation of the trigeminal nerve for
      neuralgia in a severe haemophiliac, under cover of factor VIII concentrate. This
      is the first case report of such an operation in severe haemophilia.

PMID- 4059906
TI  - Meckel's diverticula in an adult surgical unit eleven years experience.
AB  - A retrospective review of Meckel's diverticula over an 11-year period in a
      surgical unit, to which children were seldom admitted, revealed 28 diverticula,
      seven of which were symptomatic from inflammatory disease or obstruction. There
      was no morbidity nor mortality in this group. Twenty-one diverticula were removed
      as incidental findings, four patients dying from the cause of their symptoms. The
      complications of Meckel's diverticulum can be satisfactorily managed and are
      uncommon in the adult. Prophylactic diverticulectomy is difficult to justify.

PMID- 4059908
TI  - Spontaneous fractured neck of femur in rheumatoid arthritis: absence of
      radiographic changes on initial X-ray.
AB  - Spontaneous fractures have been documented in patients with osteoporosis and have
      been described in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Two patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis who sustained femoral neck fractures in the absence of
      trauma are documented. Despite severe pain initial radiograph failed to
      demonstrate evidence of fracture, but subsequent radiographs later showed
      fractures in both cases. It is important in rheumatoid patients with continuing
      severe hip pain of sudden onset to suspect a stress fracture even if initial
      radiographs are normal.

PMID- 4059909
TI  - The genetic linkage map of the human X chromosome.
AB  - A database useful for mapping the human X chromosome has been established. The
      data consist of the genotypic characterizations obtained at more than 20 DNA
      marker loci from a set of 38 selected families. Multilocus linkage analysis has
      provided an initial genetic map completely spanning the distance from the distal
      short arm to the distal long arm of the chromosome, for a total genetic length of
      at least 185 recombination units. Analysis of the recombinational behavior of
      fully marked chromosomes suggests that the number of recombination events on the
      X chromosome may be nonrandom. Linkage studies of six families that carry the
      mutation which causes Duchenne muscular dystrophy were combined with linkage data
      from a large number of normal families. This permitted mapping of the locus for
      Duchenne muscular dystrophy with greater precision and statistical confidence
      than studies in which disease families alone provided the genotypic database.
      This observation suggests that the normal linkage map of this chromosome should
      be especially valuable in the mapping of rare X-linked diseases.

PMID- 4059910
TI  - Ownership of cells raises sticky issues.

PMID- 4059911
TI  - USDA may be asked to police animal research.

PMID- 4059912
TI  - The Japanese challenge in biotechnology.

PMID- 4059914
TI  - Breast cancer: adjuvant chemotherapy.

PMID- 4059913
TI  - Hypertension in the recently weaned Dahl salt-sensitive rat despite a diet
      deficient in sodium chloride.
AB  - The Dahl rat is used as a model of hypertension that is "sensitive" to dietary
      salt (sodium chloride, NaCl). When dietary salt is supplemented in the Dahl rat,
      the arterial blood pressure of the "salt-sensitive" strain (S) becomes much
      greater than that of the "salt-resistant" strain (R). It has been widely reported
      that arterial blood pressure of the young Dahl S rat is not greater than that of
      the young Dahl R rat before dietary salt is supplemented. In the present study,
      however, mean arterial pressure directly measured in unanesthetized, unrestrained
      S rats was greater than in R rats, both when they had been recently weaned and
      for at least 10 weeks thereafter, despite their having been fed a diet frankly
      deficient in salt. In weanling S rats, the ratio of heart weight to body weight
      was also significantly greater than that in weanling R rats, suggesting that the
      greater blood pressure in the S rat causes cardiac hypertrophy. Thus, biologic
      differences demonstrated between the S rat and the R rat after weaning, including
      the phenomenon of salt-sensitivity, could be a consequence of, or be dependent
      on, an already extant difference in arterial blood pressure between the two
      strains.

PMID- 4059915
TI  - New momentum for drug export bill.

PMID- 4059916
TI  - Finding biological clocks in fetuses.

PMID- 4059917
TI  - Projective imaging of pulsatile flow with magnetic resonance.
AB  - Noninvasive angiography with magnetic resonance is demonstrated. Signal arising
      in all structures except vessels that carry pulsatile flow is eliminated by means
      of velocity-dependent phase contrast, electrocardiographic gating, and image
      subtraction. Background structures become in effect transparent, enabling the
      three-dimensional vascular tree to be imaged by projection to a two-dimensional
      image plane. Image acquisition and processing are accomplished with entirely
      conventional two-dimensional Fourier transform magnetic resonance imaging
      techniques. When imaged at 0.6 tesla, vessels 1 to 2 millimeters in diameter are
      routinely detected in a 50-centimeter field of view with data acquisition times
      less than 15 minutes. Studies of normal and pathologic anatomy are illustrated in
      human subjects.

PMID- 4059918
TI  - AIDS trends: projections from limited data.

PMID- 4059919
TI  - Reagan vetoes NIH bill; override is likely.

PMID- 4059920
TI  - What makes nerves regenerate?

PMID- 4059921
TI  - Natural variation of canine parvovirus.
AB  - Canine parvovirus was first recognized during 1978. Analysis of isolates
      collected since its emergence revealed that viruses circulating after 1980 were
      antigenically different from earlier isolates. Monoclonal antibodies clearly
      distinguished the two strains, some being specific for either the old or the new
      viruses. Restriction enzyme analysis of viral DNA's showed that the post-1980
      viruses were similar to earlier isolates, but some restriction site differences
      were present in the new strain. These results suggest that the canine
      parvoviruses infecting dogs in the seven areas of the United States that were
      sampled derive from a variant virus that replaced the original strain during
      1980.

PMID- 4059922
TI  - Isolation of a mammalian sequence capable of conferring cell cycle regulation to
      a heterologous gene.
AB  - A hybrid gene containing the 5' sequence of a hamster histone H3 gene and the
      coding sequence of the bacterial neomycin-resistance gene (neo) was constructed.
      Upon transfection into the hamster fibroblast cell line K12, the hybrid gene
      exhibited cell cycle-dependent regulation, as evidenced by the maximal
      accumulation of the neo transcripts during synthesis of DNA in the cell cycle. In
      addition, cells arrested in the prereplicative phase, as a consequence of the K12
      temperature-sensitive mutation, produced significantly less neo messenger RNA.

PMID- 4059923
TI  - Antiprotozoal activity of tricyclic compounds.

PMID- 4059924
TI  - Lethal radiation dose.

PMID- 4059925
TI  - [Indications for amputation].

PMID- 4059926
TI  - [Technic of amputation of the lower extremities].

PMID- 4059927
TI  - [Technic in amputation of the upper extremities].

PMID- 4059928
TI  - [Social problems and evaluation. I: Psychosocial aspects of amputees].

PMID- 4059929
TI  - [Social problems and evaluation. II: Evaluation of amputations].

PMID- 4059930
TI  - [Hemarthrosis and the isolated anterior cruciate ligament lesion. Value of
      clinical diagnosis].

PMID- 4059931
TI  - Scintigraphic evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid diversionary shunt: complications
      of the peritoneal limb.

PMID- 4059932
TI  - Perinatal mortality: basic considerations.

PMID- 4059933
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of femoral head development in roentgenographically
      normal patients.
AB  - Magnetic resonance images (MRI) of 22 patients with roentgenographically normal
      hips were reviewed retrospectively and the findings categorized according to age.
      With increasing maturity, the MR intensity of the femoral heads on spin echo
      images increased, as marrow fat became a dominant tissue in the head. The femoral
      head pattern was relatively inhomogeneous, with a broad band of diminished
      intensity extending in a posteromedial to anterolateral direction, corresponding
      to the pattern of trabecular bone. The femoral capital epiphyses were visible in
      younger patients as structures of bright intensity which remained evident through
      early adulthood. The articular cartilage of the hip joint was noted as a
      distinctive "halo" around the femoral head. An understanding of the MR pattern of
      the normal hip will aid in the early recognition of pathologic conditions, such
      as osteonecrosis.

PMID- 4059934
TI  - Dyssegmental dysplasia (report of two cases with a review of the literature).
AB  - Two cases of dyssegmental dysplasia, a rare lethal skeletal dysplasia in the
      newborn, are reported. Two different forms of dyssegmental dysplasia can be
      distinguished--the lethal Silverman type and the less severe Rolland-Desbuquois
      type. In this report, both cases are of the Silverman type. Histopathology of
      chondro-osseous tissue confirms the similarity in pathologic findings to Kniest
      dysplasia.

PMID- 4059935
TI  - Chondrosarcoma of the spine: an unusual radiographic presentation.
AB  - Chondrosarcoma is a primary malignant tumor arising rarely in the axial skeleton.
      It usually presents as a destructive lesion with diffuse mottled calcification.
      We report three patients with chondrosarcoma of the spine. Each patient was
      evaluated by conventional radiographic technique, computed tomography, and
      myelography. All of them show radiographically a purely destructive process of
      the body and in one case the body and lamina. This pattern remains to be
      documented in the radiologic literature.

PMID- 4059936
TI  - Condensing osteitis of the clavicle. Report of two new cases.
AB  - Two cases of condensing osteitis of the clavicle are reported in which plain
      films, computed tomography, scanning, and histologic findings established the
      diagnosis of this rare entity.

PMID- 4059937
TI  - Expanding osteolytic bone metastases from carcinoma of the breast: an unusual
      appearance.
AB  - Two cases of carcinoma of the breast are reported with the unusual radiographic
      finding of expansile osteolytic bone metastases. It is stressed that when an
      osteolytic expansile bone lesion is seen in patients with known breast cancer,
      the most likely cause is a metastasis from the carcinoma of the breast.

PMID- 4059938
TI  - The upper femoral notch.
AB  - A notch-like defect in the cortex of the medial side of the femoral neck is
      described in asymptomatic children. Its appearance is similar to the metaphyseal
      cortical defects seen in other locations as normal variants.

PMID- 4059939
TI  - Weight-bearing radiography in total hip replacement.
AB  - Serial anteroposterior (AP) radiographs of the weight-bearing pelvis and hips
      were taken of 29 patients with total hip replacement (THR). For constant
      positioning the patient stands with straight knees on a board with a block
      between the heels. A U-shaped mercury level strapped to the patient provides a
      horizontal reference line on the radiograph. On the average, individual variation
      of pelvic tilt in serial films was 1 degree and pelvic rotation 3.5 degrees
      confirming satisfactory reproducibility. The horizontal reference enables
      estimation of pre- and postoperative leg length inequality (LLI) and of the angle
      of the acetabular cup (AA). Reproducibility allows assessment of the exact
      position of the femoral component and quantitative evaluation of radiolucency and
      bone resorption around the prosthetic implant in the follow-up of THR.

PMID- 4059940
TI  - The effect on medical metal implants by magnetic fields of magnetic resonance
      imaging.
AB  - Forces and torques, due to a 0.3 Tesla magnetic field were evaluated on ten hip
      prostheses and ten hemostat clips. Measurements were performed with an instrument
      utilizing the movement of a laser beam caused by the deflection of a cantilever.
      The results indicate effects, if any, to be smaller than the instrument's
      sensitivity which, at its highest, was 7 mg of force and 125 mg.cm of torque.

PMID- 4059941
TI  - Case report 323: Avulsion exostosis of the ischial tuberosity with secondary
      fluid-filled bursal sac ("exostosis bursatum").

PMID- 4059943
TI  - Case report 333: Osteochondral fracture of the right patella without an
      osteochondral defect.

PMID- 4059942
TI  - Case report 332: A complex anomaly of the craniovertebral junction representing a
      regressive malformation with agenesis of the neural arch of C-2,
      hypomorphogenesis at C5-C6 and instability of the upper cervical spine.

PMID- 4059944
TI  - Case report 334: Loosening of the femoral component of a total hip prosthesis
      with the potential pitfall of false-negative scintigraphy in a patient with Paget
      disease.

PMID- 4059945
TI  - Health policy and the emerging tobacco reality.
AB  - Public policy is part of and a creator of modern environments. By intent or
      neglect, it affects our socially-created and natural worlds. It sets the odds for
      what organizations and individuals are likely to produce and consume in the form
      of goods, services and information, and assures how equitably these options for
      choice-making--and thus for life styles--are dispersed among social and economic
      groups. Policy is also created by environments: it is influenced by the reality
      of changing conditions and by the perceptions of those changes by groups who are
      organized to influence policymakers' views of 'reality'. The direction,
      humaneness and healthfulness of societal changes--to the extent that they can be
      guided--depend on whether new and old things are seen by policymakers in new or
      old ways. Creating environments conducive to health thus requires a two-pronged
      effort. It means: (1) developing policies that provide incentives to producers
      and consumers to make more healthful choices than they do today; and (2) creating
      a social and political climate that will encourage policymakers to choose more
      healthful policy options. This view point is illustrated here through an analysis
      of the smoking and health issue, in which changing conditions can potentially be
      healthfully guided, or alternatively, left to the vagaries of political and
      economic events. This article outlines the changing economics of tobacco, mainly
      as seen in its largest form in the U.S.A., its policy implications, and a
      political strategy to move policy in more healthful directions. Economic data
      reveal the tobacco sector in affluent nations as one that has been slowly
      declining, but now at an accelerating rate. At the same time, the tobacco economy
      is a growing sector in less-industrialized nations. Policy issues involve how to
      deal with the economic changes in health-promoting ways. Strategically this
      requires two simultaneous efforts. One is education/informational: posing the
      smoking/health issue in light of changing conditions, and addressing policy
      relevant data (both economic and value-oriented) to the gatekeepers of public
      action and information (e.g. policymakers and media). The second is
      environmental/organizational, to improve the feasibility of policy changes by
      establishing means for transition planning in the tobacco economy.

PMID- 4059946
TI  - Some problems with pro-competition reforms.
AB  - As the search for effective cost-containment policies continues, health care
      reform along pro-competition lines has gained considerable backing in the United
      States. By offering market competition to achieve allocational efficiency and
      vouchers and tax credits to achieve distributional equity, pro-competition
      reforms appear to satisfy what many believed were incommensurable goals. A
      critical review of this strategy reveals two practical difficulties, however. The
      first concerns the ambiguity arising from the proposals' reliance on the concept
      of equal access to some basic level of health care as its distributional
      objective and the second concerns the ethical dilemma arising from the proposals'
      reliance on physicians as rationers of health care. In considering the
      distributional goal of guaranteeing access to a basic minimum of health care, we
      argue that, despite its theoretical attractiveness, there exists no acceptable
      way of determining or justifying its content, and without a clear definition of
      the basic minimum there is no guarantee that any equity objective will be
      achieved under the pro-competition strategy. With regard to the use of physicians
      and other providers as society's gatekeepers, we point out that this role is in
      direct conflict with traditional responsibilities that patients expect providers
      to assume. Requiring doctors to ration services in response to market incentives
      may further erode the trust relationship between physicians and patients, and
      clearly puts the more seriously ill at a disadvantage.

PMID- 4059947
TI  - A longitudinal study of the reporting of emotional and somatic symptoms during
      and after pregnancy.
AB  - One hundred and eight pregnant women, most of their husbands and a comparison
      group of non-expectant parents were recruited for a long-term study which
      involved responding to a 55-item Symptom Checklist (SCL) and the Beck Depression
      Inventory three times during pregnancy and once during the first postpartum
      month. Responses to the SCL were factor analysed, and the four groups were then
      compared on their factor scores as well as their scores on the Beck Depression
      Inventory (BDI) using discriminant analysis and trend analysis. The discriminant
      analyses were done twice: once using all the data provided by all subjects and
      once using only subjects with no missing data. At each measurement period, the
      pregnant women were distinguished from the other groups by a different factor of
      the SCL: at 3-5 months, it was 'Feeling Sick'; at 6-8 months, it was 'Feeling
      Overweight'; at 9 months, it was 'Feeling Overweight/Physical Stress'; and at
      postpartum, it was 'Physical Stress'. Also, trend analysis showed a significant
      tendency for the scores of pregnant women on the SCL 'Negative Emotional State',
      factor and on the BDI to increase over time, in contrast to those of the other
      groups.

PMID- 4059948
TI  - Preference of hospital employees for work-related outcomes.
AB  - A list of five possible work-related outcomes was compiled and included in a
      questionnaire. This was administered to 490 employees, categorized into seven
      occupational groups, in three different hospitals in Manila, The Philippines.
      Responses were compared among work outcomes, identical occupational groups and
      three hospitals; the most valued outcome was established for all respondents.
      Findings indicate that variables apt to motivate employees depend on the
      occupational group to which they belong, the kind of work they perform and the
      type of hospital in which they work. These findings have implications for the
      ability of hospital administrators to motivate their employees to perform in a
      manner that meets expected standards.

PMID- 4059949
TI  - Drink boiled water: a cultural analysis of a health education message.
AB  - Water boiling is recommended by health educators in Sri Lanka, and boiled water
      is given to ill and vulnerable people, but it is not widely consumed by the
      public. The reasons for this behavior derive from long-standing notions about
      health care. This study complements one presented some years ago by Wellin, based
      on the health culture of Peruvians.

PMID- 4059950
TI  - Menstruation as medicine.
AB  - Traditional healing rituals in many parts of the world seem to derive from a
      model of cyclical renewal provided in the first instance by menstruation. Health
      is seen as dependent upon a correct balance between polar opposite states such as
      'heat' and 'cold','dryness' and 'wetness' etc. Nature seems to achieve such
      balance by alternating regularly between opposites such as night and day, wet
      season and dry. In this way, periodic 'death' (night, winter etc.) alternates
      with 'life'. The logic of healing rites is that humans, too, should be able to
      move through 'death' to 'new life' by keeping closely in tune with wider rhythms
      of renewal. It is argued here that ideally, women should achieve this by
      menstruating in synchrony with the moon, which periodically 'dies' and is
      'reborn'. Failing this--runs the traditional logic--men themselves must learn to
      'menstruate' in some symbolic sense in order to safeguard the rhythms of renewal.

PMID- 4059951
TI  - Women heal women: spirit possession and sexual segregation in a Muslim society.
AB  - Sexual segregation and sexual asymmetry are prominent features of Northern
      Sudanese society. Women's sexuality and fertility are powerful and polluting,
      carrying with them the danger of dishonor and needing to be controlled and
      directed to their 'proper' social ends by men. Men pay for their daughters'
      infibulation, retain the right to dispose of them in marriage, honour their wives
      after childbirth, and claim children of the union for their patriline. However,
      it is women who actually practice infibulation and who keep firmly within their
      hands all the ritual surrounding vital stages of their life cycle. Throughout,
      women symbolically assert the fundamental nature of their reproductive power. The
      healing cult of the zar fits into this symbolic system with its woman-centred,
      woman run curative ritual.

PMID- 4059953
TI  - [A complex program of operations to intensify disease prevention and strengthen
      the health of the population for 1985-1990].

PMID- 4059954
TI  - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of postgraduate physician training].

PMID- 4059952
TI  - [Social aspects of the dispensary care of retired persons].

PMID- 4059955
TI  - [Improvement in prophylactic medical examinations].

PMID- 4059956
TI  - [Various characteristics of pneumococcal meningitis].

PMID- 4059957
TI  - [Changes in elastic-mechanical properties of erythrocytes in cerebral ischemia].

PMID- 4059958
TI  - [Reflexotherapy of brain concussion].

PMID- 4059959
TI  - [Errors in the surgical treatment of varicose veins].

PMID- 4059960
TI  - [Differential radiodiagnosis of diseases of the skull].

PMID- 4059962
TI  - [Foreign body of the breast].

PMID- 4059961
TI  - [Diagnosis and drug correction of functional disorders of bile excretion in
      chronic acalculous cholecystitis].

PMID- 4059963
TI  - [Preventive drainage of postoperative wounds contaminated by bacteria].

PMID- 4059964
TI  - [Uremic hypogonadism syndrome].

PMID- 4059965
TI  - [Crystallographic method of investigations in medicine].

PMID- 4059966
TI  - [Pathophysiology and diagnosis of polyuria-polydipsia syndrome].

PMID- 4059967
TI  - [Demographic processes and public health].

PMID- 4059968
TI  - [Specialized services in lumbar osteochondrosis rendered in a district hospital].

PMID- 4059969
TI  - [Effect of pyromecaine on cellular hemostasis].

PMID- 4059970
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction at the pre-hospital
      stage].

PMID- 4059971
TI  - [Characteristics of acute pneumonia in relation to sputum microflora and the
      state of natural resistance and immunity].

PMID- 4059972
TI  - [Retabolil and alvesin-new in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers].

PMID- 4059973
TI  - [Changes in mucous membrane and acid-forming function of the stomach in diffuse
      polyposis of the large intestine].

PMID- 4059974
TI  - [Prognosis of the sequelae of thrombosis of major veins of the lower limbs].

PMID- 4059975
TI  - [Reinfusion of blood in emergency surgery].

PMID- 4059976
TI  - [Surgical treatment of patients with caseous pneumonia].

PMID- 4059978
TI  - [Sorption detoxication in peritonitis].

PMID- 4059977
TI  - [Evaluation of local treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers].

PMID- 4059979
TI  - [Surgical treatment of cancer of the gallbladder].

PMID- 4059980
TI  - [Use of etimizol in chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer of the stomach].

PMID- 4059981
TI  - [Blood lactic and uric acid levels in alcoholic lesions of the liver].

PMID- 4059982
TI  - [Status of the cardiovascular system after sequential ultrafiltration and
      hemodialysis].

PMID- 4059983
TI  - [Angiography in the diagnosis of kidney injuries].

PMID- 4059984
TI  - [Gonadotropic and sex hormones in patients with cancer of the breast].

PMID- 4059985
TI  - [Quantitative analysis of changes in immune system indices in pigmented neoplasms
      in man].

PMID- 4059986
TI  - [Subclinical vascular lesions of the brain].

PMID- 4059987
TI  - [Pure pancreatic juice of chronic pancreatitis patients].

PMID- 4059988
TI  - [New parameter for evaluating the severity of hypothyroidism].

PMID- 4059989
TI  - [Paroxysmal forms of the hypothalamic syndrome of the pubertal period].

PMID- 4059990
TI  - [Electrophysiologic criteria of uterine myoma].

PMID- 4059991
TI  - [Problems in the rational treatment of internal diseases].

PMID- 4059992
TI  - [Methods of automated history taking].

PMID- 4059993
TI  - [Genetic indices in diseases of the lungs].

PMID- 4059994
TI  - [Methods of conducting cooperative clinical research].

PMID- 4059995
TI  - [Functional status of the cardiovascular system in persons with risk factors for
      ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 4059996
TI  - [Risk factors for hypertension among workers at an industrial enterprise].

PMID- 4059997
TI  - [Concepts in medical nuclear spin tomography. I. Physical bases and impulse
      sequences].

PMID- 4059998
TI  - [Nuclear spin tomography of the breast--1st clinical results].

PMID- 4059999
TI  - [Asymptomatic hematoma of the left psoas muscle following rupture of an iliac
      artery aneurysm].

PMID- 4060000
TI  - [Procedures and equipment for model building in relation to orthopedic and
      traumatologic surgery planning].

PMID- 4060001
TI  - [Radiologic localization of intraorbital foreign bodies--experiences with the
      Holzknecht method].

PMID- 4060002
TI  - [Radiology in health care in France].

PMID- 4060003
TI  - Current status of benzodiazepines in South Africa. Proceedings of a symposium on
      anxiety and its treatment. Johannesburg, June 1985.

PMID- 4060004
TI  - Classification of depression.

PMID- 4060005
TI  - Development of the concept of anxiety.
AB  - An interesting model in the conceptualization of anxiety--the cognitive
      dissonance theory--is summarized. Cognitive dissonance is a state where two
      mutually incompatible realities exist simultaneously, and it is associated with
      clinical anxiety in man. Anxiety is as distinctive a state cognitively, as it is
      emotionally and bodily. The clinical symptom most characteristic of anxiety is
      obsessional checking. The septo-hippocampal system, 'an organ of hesitation and
      doubt', is probably the neural substrate for Freud's repetition compulsion. It
      has the task of monitoring ongoing activities, comparing achieved with desired
      goals, registering discrepancies, dissonances and the threats of dissonances, and
      bringing ongoing activities to a halt when such registrations occur.

PMID- 4060006
TI  - Research avenues in anxiety and its treatment.
AB  - Research into anxiety and related disorders requires the systematic collection of
      much new data. The areas of research most likely to produce clinically useful
      information are considered. The richest area of research will probably be
      biopharmacological. Biological and pharmacological research may be usefully
      coupled to behavioural recording in order to increase our knowledge of the
      behavioural/physiological relationships. More data are, however, needed on the
      social/environmental areas of anxiety and on the natural history of these
      conditions. Cognitive/behavioural approaches are more likely to be useful than
      depth psychological approaches.

PMID- 4060007
TI  - Oestrogenic effects of the triphasic oral contraceptive agents.

PMID- 4060008
TI  - Paraquat poisoning.

PMID- 4060009
TI  - Epilepsy after head injury.

PMID- 4060010
TI  - A nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever at Tygerberg Hospital.
      Part I. Clinical features.
AB  - Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a rare disease in South Africa. From
      1981 to September 1984, 8 sporadic primary cases were reported. An outbreak of
      CCHF in a large university hospital is described; of 8 patients diagnosed 2 died
      (the index and a secondary case). Four patients were seriously ill and 2 had a
      mild illness. Problems were encountered in diagnosing the disease, which presents
      initially with influenza-like symptoms, differing only in severity from
      influenza. However, petechiae and other manifestations of a bleeding tendency
      distinguished it from influenza in the later phase of the disease. Special
      investigations, especially those revealing leucopenia and thrombocytopenia, were
      critically important in early diagnosis. The dilemma of handling this highly
      contagious disease is that definite virological diagnosis is time-consuming and
      is conducted in only one high-security laboratory 1600 km distant. A further case
      was admitted 3 months later from a different locality and confirmed virologically
      but no secondary cases could be confirmed or traced.

PMID- 4060011
TI  - A successful method of administering cyclosporin A to the chacma baboon.
AB  - Cyclosporin A (CYA) is a powerful immunosuppressant. Hitherto, it has proved
      difficult to maintain therapeutic whole-blood levels of the drug in the chacma
      baboon, making this animal unsuitable for transplantation studies if CYA is used.
      A successful method of maintaining adequate therapeutic levels after the
      intramuscular injection of CYA in a mixture of alcohol and Intralipid (Saphar) is
      described.

PMID- 4060012
TI  - The epidemiology of drowning in Cape Town--1980-1983.
AB  - The results of a 4-year retrospective study on the epidemiology of drowning in
      greater Cape Town are presented. With rates corrected to per 100 000 population,
      the highest incidences of drowning were found to be in white children and adult
      black males. The commonest sites of drowning were the coastline and harbours of
      greater Cape Town. The majority of adult drownings were associated with positive
      blood alcohol tests (64,6%) and in the case of black men occurred while at work.
      The majority of drownings in children occurred in home swimming pools.

PMID- 4060013
TI  - The effect on cleavage of two-cell mouse embryos after a delay in embryo
      retrieval in a human in vitro fertilization programme.
AB  - Two-cell mouse embryos are used for quality control in a human in vitro
      fertilization programme. A controlled experiment was designed to evaluate the
      effect on cleavage of two-cell mouse embryos after a delay in embryo retrieval.
      In the test group, two fallopian tubes were incubated in Whittingham's T6 medium
      for 2 1/2 hours per experiment before the embryos were removed for culture. In
      the control group embryos were removed from the fallopian tubes immediately after
      the mice were sacrificed. Five experiments were performed. Eight of 141 two-cell
      embryos (5,7%) reached the blastocyst stage in the test group, and in the control
      group 143 of 151 two-cell embryos (94,7%) reached the blastocyst stage after 72
      hours. Embryos must be removed immediately after the mice are sacrificed to
      obtain constant results. If not, poor cleavage can lead to unnecessary confusion
      in the laboratory.

PMID- 4060014
TI  - The effect of fluorescent light on the cleavage of two-cell mouse embryos.
AB  - Two-cell mouse embryos were subjected to fluorescent light, 2900 lux, for 30
      minutes, and the cleavage compared with that in a control group. There was no
      statistically significant difference in the results. In both groups 90% of two
      cell embryos reached the expected level of cleavage. The possible effect of
      fluorescent light on the oocyte is discussed.

PMID- 4060015
TI  - Carbon dioxide laser surgery for cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia. A report on
      300 cases.
AB  - The CO2 laser was used to treat 300 patients with cervical intra-epithelial
      neoplasia (CIN). The patient characteristics, histological features,
      complications and follow-up are described and our experience is discussed. The
      CO2 laser appears to be safe and efficient for outpatient treatment of CIN, with
      a cure rate of 94%.

PMID- 4060016
TI  - Race, prejudice and ethical rules.

PMID- 4060018
TI  - A new multiple sclerosis epidemic?

PMID- 4060017
TI  - Infant mortality rates in South African populations.

PMID- 4060019
TI  - Bolus obstruction of the intestine.

PMID- 4060020
TI  - Guidelines for the management of diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 4060021
TI  - Near-death experiences.

PMID- 4060022
TI  - [Chromosome studies in gynecology].
AB  - Clinical indications for chromosome analysis in patients with gynaecological
      problems are well defined. These include, with primary or secondary amenorrhoea,
      infertility and repeated miscarriages in adults or retarded puberty and abnormal
      sexual development in young girls. The type of chromosome abnormality, the
      incidence, and the management of patients are discussed with reference to 15
      years' experience in the Department of Cytogenetics at Tygerberg Hospital. The
      cytogenetics of 419 patients with amenorrhoea are discussed under headings such
      as gonadal dysgenesis, monosomy X, chromosome mosaics and the XY female
      phenotype. Results of chromosome studies in 540 males with a low sperm count are
      given. The importance of chromosome studies in repeated miscarriages and genetic
      counselling for carriers of balanced translocations is stressed.

PMID- 4060023
TI  - Osmolarity studies with different containers and volumes in a human in vitro
      fertilization programme.
AB  - In performing in vitro fertilization, a stable osmolarity in the medium
      surrounding the egg or embryo is of the utmost importance if a good fertilization
      and pregnancy rate is to be achieved. This study evaluated osmolarity changes in
      different volumes of fluid in the Falcon 3001 and 3037 Petri dishes and the
      Falcon 2058 tissue culture tube over a 24-hour period. It was found that the
      osmolarity was more stable in the Falcon 3037 Petri dish and in the tissue
      culture tube. The 3037 Petri dish was chosen for culturing human embryos.

PMID- 4060024
TI  - Investigation of possible polymorphic drug oxidation in black South Africans.
AB  - The ability to oxidize phenacetin into paracetamol was investigated in 117
      healthy South African black subjects. Statistical analysis of the amount of
      paracetamol excreted in the 0-8-hour urine sample revealed a normal distribution
      (P less than 0,05). There was thus no evidence of polymorphism; the subjects
      appeared to be exclusively monomorphic extensive metabolizers.

PMID- 4060025
TI  - Ectrodactyly in central Africa.
AB  - Autosomal dominant ectrodactyly has been identified in several families in remote
      areas of central Africa. Two groups from eastern Botswana and south-western
      Zimbabwe belong to the Talaunda tribe and have a common ancestral origin. Another
      family are members of the Wadoma tribe of north-eastern Zimbabwe. A total of 24
      individuals may be affected. Tenuous historical evidence suggests that the
      Talaunda migrated from the eastern Zambezi region late in the last century and
      may have the same origins as the Wadoma tribe. On this basis it is likely that
      the affected people have the same faulty gene, which presumably arose by mutation
      in a common progenitor.

PMID- 4060027
TI  - Access to health care in Nourivier, Namaqualand.
AB  - We surveyed health in Nourivier, Namaqualand, to see whether poverty prevented
      people from obtaining the care they needed. We interviewed families at 65 of the
      74 households, and obtained satisfactory health information from 37. Health in
      Nourivier is generally good; 93% of the children aged 0-5 years are fully
      immunized. However, 20 children in this age group (35%) were below the third
      percentile (weight for age, National Center for Health Statistics' standards),
      while the clinical condition of 4 (7%) gave cause for concern. The water supply
      and sanitation were satisfactory. Twenty-one individuals reported having been ill
      in the preceding 2 months. People treat themselves before resorting to the
      herbalist, the clinic nurse or the general practitioner (GP). Money for transport
      to the GP in Garies and antenatal care and hospital delivery has to be scraped up
      by the population, although the police in Kamieskroon will take people to
      hospital in an emergency. The mean monthly cash income in 35 households was R194
      (range R0-1-035). People there would like a nurse in the village or a weekly
      visit by a doctor. Their tradition of self-care is a sound basis for a village
      based primary health care service.

PMID- 4060026
TI  - Effects of a nutrition education programme on the psychological performance of
      malnourished children. A 3-year follow-up study.
AB  - A group of 63 black children who were treated for protein energy malnutrition
      within their first 3 years of life were followed up after a period of 3 years.
      Half the group had undergone a home-based nutrition education programme in
      addition to receiving routine medical care, while the remaining children received
      only medical care and formed a control group. No differences were found at follow
      up between these two groups on either growth or psychological performance
      measures. The malnourished group was subsequently matched for age and sex with a
      normal group of children and compared for psychological functioning, growth and
      socio-economic background. The malnourished children were found to be smaller and
      to have significant deficits in psychological performance compared with the
      normal group. While the findings illustrate the need for preventive and remedial
      action, they also reveal the shortcomings of brief unidimensional intervention
      programmes.

PMID- 4060028
TI  - Witchcraft, witchcraft beliefs and the black people of South Africa. Some
      medicolegal considerations.
AB  - The limitations and validity of psychiatric diagnosis, especially as it pertains
      to medicolegal cases, are discussed. Two clinical cases are used to demonstrate
      some of the problems. Two young black men were facing charges of murdering a
      woman; in one case the victim was not a relation and in the other she was the
      subject's mother. During the period of observation no hard signs of psychosis
      could be demonstrated, yet the second subject later became overtly psychotic,
      while the first was and remained normal. Suggestions about diagnostic procedures
      are made.

PMID- 4060029
TI  - Chorionic villus sampling for first trimester diagnosis of beta-thalassaemia.
      Report of the first South African case.
AB  - The first South African report of chorionic villus sampling for molecular
      diagnosis of beta-thalassaemia in a 10-weeks' pregnant Indian Muslim woman is
      presented. The sampling procedure and molecular techniques for sexing the fetus
      and establishing whether it was affected by beta-thalassaemia are described. From
      the sample of villi obtained a male fetus was identified, using an X-Y-specific
      DNA probe. A preliminary family study on both parents, the affected proband and
      his 4 phenotypically normal siblings, revealed two informative restriction
      fragment length polymorphisms in the mother, but none in the father. It was
      therefore not possible to differentiate between the two beta-globin gene alleles
      of the father. The fetus thus had a 50% chance of being a heterozygote or a 50%
      risk of being affected. Synthetic oligonucleotide hybridization of parental and
      fetal DNA was attempted by the Genetics Unit of Johns Hopkins Hospital,
      Baltimore, but the fetal hybridization was unsuccessful. Results on the parents
      were obtained too late to be of assistance in the present pregnancy as the
      parents requested termination of the pregnancy before 16 weeks' gestation for
      religious reasons.

PMID- 4060030
TI  - Mesothelioma or ovarian carcinoma? A case report.
AB  - Ovarian carcinomas and malignant mesotheliomas are related neoplasms.
      Embryologically both are derived from coelomic epithelial cells and both can be
      related to asbestos exposure. Furthermore, histological differentiation between
      these two tumours can be confusing. However, distinguishing between these tumours
      is important because their treatment and prognosis are not the same. Ovarian
      carcinomas respond to chemotherapy with rates from 40% to 75%; malignant
      mesotheliomas are not sensitive to chemotherapy and response rates are poor.

PMID- 4060031
TI  - Temporary blindness and eclampsia. A report of 2 cases.
AB  - Temporary blindness in 2 patients with eclampsia was associated with oedema of
      the occipital lobe of the brain. In addition 1 patient had retinal detachment.
      Management included the use of mannitol, dexamethasone and furosemide to reduce
      cerebral oedema. Both patients recovered their vision within 48 hours of this
      management.

PMID- 4060032
TI  - Brain abscess in children due to Streptococcus milleri. A report of 2 cases.
AB  - Brain abscesses due to Streptococcus milleri occurring in 2 previously healthy
      children are reported. Both children had evidence of liver involvement and both
      responded well to antibiotic treatment.

PMID- 4060033
TI  - Cardiac involvement in mixed connective tissue disease. A fatal case of
      scleroderma combined with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - A 27-year-old black woman with cardiac failure, angina pectoris and Raynaud's
      syndrome is presented. Skin biopsy and barium studies established the diagnosis
      of scleroderma (progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS)). Systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) was strongly suggested by the results of immunological
      studies and increasing severity of renal failure. Because of the possibility of a
      cardiomyopathy, cardiac catheterization, selective coronary angiography and right
      ventricular endomyocardial biopsy were carried out but failed to show any
      histological features of either SLE or PSS. The patient went into progressive
      renal failure despite immunosuppressive therapy and plasmapheresis and died;
      consent for autopsy was refused. A final diagnosis of mixed connective tissue
      disease (MCTD) was made. The salient features of cardiac involvement in SLE, PSS
      and MCTD are outlined.

PMID- 4060034
TI  - Home equity conversion plans as a source of retirement income.
AB  - This article describes in detail a variety of home equity conversion plans and
      discusses their relevance for social security beneficiaries, as well as for the
      aged in general. Under these plans, a dormant asset--accumulated home equity--is
      converted into current retirement income. The plans vary: Some are debt
      instruments; others involve the sale and leaseback of the residence. Some provide
      income for a fixed term; others offer a lifetime annuity. Some include a public
      subsidy; others are free of governmental involvement. The advantages and
      disadvantages of these plans, as well as examples of how they operate and their
      respective income potential, are discussed in this article. The relevance of home
      equity conversion plans for social security beneficiaries is illustrated by means
      of data from the Retirement History Study. These data allow comparison of various
      demographic groups in terms of their dependence on social security benefits. Each
      group is examined in terms of available home equity and home equity potential
      under several conversion plans.

PMID- 4060035
TI  - Overview of the Office of Research, Statistics, and International Policy
      functions.
AB  - Research and statistics have been an integral part of social security program
      development and administration since the program's beginning. The Office of
      Research, Statistics, and International Policy (ORSIP) is responsible for
      developing and disseminating information on the effects of programs operated by
      the Social Security Administration (SSA) and the interactions among these
      programs, other tax and transfer programs, and economic, social, and demographic
      forces. This mission is carried out by collecting and tabulating statistics and
      by conducting policy research and legislative impact analyses. ORSIP also
      provides technical assistance to other SSA components. In this overview, each of
      those functions is outlined and major initiatives to carry out the office's
      primary objectives for fiscal year 1986 are described.

PMID- 4060036
TI  - Symposium on pediatric surgery, part I.

PMID- 4060037
TI  - Newborn surgical emergencies of the gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - Intestinal obstruction and necrotizing enterocolitis are two of the most common
      surgical emergencies of the gastrointestinal tract. This article reviews the
      signs and symptoms of these conditions and presents guidelines for their
      management.

PMID- 4060038
TI  - Surgery of anorectal anomalies.
AB  - This article discusses the disparate views regarding sphincteric anatomy, both
      normal and abnormal, and describes preoperative procedures for and operative
      approaches to resolving anorectal anomalies.

PMID- 4060039
TI  - Hirschsprung's disease.
AB  - This review of Hirschsprung's disease reflects the authors' experience with it
      and outlines the current recommendations for management of its various
      manifestations.

PMID- 4060040
TI  - Inguinal hernia of childhood.
AB  - The early recognition and treatment of the inguinal hernia in childhood should
      result in negligible morbidity and mortality with current anesthetic and recovery
      room support. The outpatient management of the postoperative patient has
      contributed to this objective as well as reduced the overall cost.

PMID- 4060041
TI  - Current management of cerebral aneurysms: is it based on facts or myths?
AB  - The overall morbidity and mortality from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage have
      not changed significantly over the past 30 years in spite of great progress in
      surgical technology and diagnostic capabilities. Most series report major
      morbidity and mortality figures of approximately 60%. The reason for the
      currently poor prognosis is due, in part, to the sometimes devastating effect of
      the initial hemorrhage over which we have no control. Another reason for our
      inability to improve these dismal statistics may be that the currently accepted
      treatment regimens have proven to be ineffective. Eighteen misconceptions or
      "myths" surrounding the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage have been
      identified as factors that have largely determined the currently accepted,
      ineffective treatment protocols, and these are discussed.

PMID- 4060042
TI  - Chiasmal apoplexy due to ruptured cavernous hemangioma of the optic chiasm.
AB  - A 30-year-old obese patient with a rapidly progressing chiasmal syndrome
      presented with acute bitemporal hemianopia, severe bilateral amblyopia, mental
      confusion, and lethargy. X-ray films of the skull showed a normal sella turcica
      and computed tomography scan as well as angiography revealed a vascular mass
      within the chiasmatic cistern. At operation, via left subfrontal approach, an
      intrachiasmal hematoma was evacuated and biopsies of the hematoma cavity revealed
      a cavernous hemangioma. Visual symptoms improved markedly postoperatively. This
      rare association of chiasmal apoplexy and intrachiasmal cavernoma is discussed.

PMID- 4060043
TI  - Primary malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system.
AB  - The occurrence of primary malignant lymphomas of the central nervous system in a
      population of approximately 1 million people has been analyzed retrospectively.
      Over a 12-year period, about 1000 tumors of the central nervous system were
      registered. Among these, 22 were primary malignant lymphomas; incidence, 1.83 per
      million per year. Thirteen of these tumors were of high-grade malignancy and nine
      were of low-grade malignancy (Kiel classification of non-Hodgkin lymphomas). The
      majority of the tumors were B-cell lymphomas, and there were no Hodgkin
      lymphomas. Neither spinal nor meningeal lymphomas occurred. Nine patients were
      treated only surgically, whereas 11 received postoperative irradiation or
      chemotherapy, or both. Of the latter patients, six are alive and well at the time
      of writing. The importance of making a correct diagnosis preoperatively is
      stressed, inasmuch as radical operation is unfavorable for these patients. A
      better prognosis is obtained with combinations of irradiation and chemotherapy.

PMID- 4060044
TI  - Transethmoidal encephalomeningocele.
AB  - A newborn child with a basal meningoencephalocele of the transethmoidal type is
      reported with an intranasal obstruction and hypertelorism as the principal
      abnormalities. This disease has been reported in the literature with various
      facial and central nervous system deformities and was considered as a type of
      median cranioencephalic dysraphia. Precise diagnosis of this disease seems
      extremely important for classification and has a direct bearing on the prognosis.

PMID- 4060045
TI  - Epithelial cells in a so-called intraspinal neurenteric cyst: a light and
      electron microscopic study.
AB  - A case of so-called intraspinal neurenteric cyst is described. A single
      epithelial cyst, associated with a dimple in the sacral region, was located
      ventral to the spinal cord in the lower cervical region. On light microscopy, a
      single epithelial layer lining the cyst wall contained a few ciliated cells and
      squamous cells, in addition to many goblet cells. An electron microscopic study
      also demonstrated three different kind of cells. The goblet cells contained many
      secretory granules, the ciliated cells had many cilia, and the squamous cells
      were characterized by abundant tonofilaments and desmosomes.

PMID- 4060046
TI  - Calcified lumbar disc protrusion in an adolescent.
AB  - The case of an adolescent operated on for a calcified lumbar disc protrusion is
      reported. The literature reviewed shows the rarity of this condition. Moreover,
      the comparison of our case with similar ones shows that it is extremely peculiar.

PMID- 4060047
TI  - Cervical laminoplasty using apatite beads as implants. Experiences in 31 patients
      with compressive myelopathy due to developmental canal stenosis.
AB  - Cervical laminoplasty was performed in 31 patients with compressive myelopathy
      due to developmental stenosis of the spinal canal, using apatite beads as
      implants. Bilateral foraminotomies were performed at C-5-C-8 levels in an attempt
      at preventing aggravation of radicular symptoms. Laminae of C-3 through C-7 (or T
      1) were removed en bloc and then replaced maintaining an increased
      anteroposterior diameter of the bony canal by means of insertion of apatite beads
      between the cut surfaces of the laminae. The literature on posterior
      decompression for cervical canal stenosis is reviewed, and the advantage of the
      present method is briefly discussed.

PMID- 4060048
TI  - Oculomotor palsy with pupillary sparing in a patient with chronic subdural
      hematoma.
AB  - A patient with adult-onset diabetes mellitus developed an oculomotor palsy with
      pupillary sparing. Five days after her initial evaluation, she presented in a
      confused state with a complete oculomotor palsy. Computed cranial tomography
      revealed a chronic subdural hematoma. We recommend that noninvasive radiographic
      intracranial investigation be considered in elderly patients with adult-onset
      diabetes mellitus who present with headache and pupil-sparing oculomotor palsy.

PMID- 4060049
TI  - Immediate postoperative seizures: incidence and computed tomographic findings.
AB  - Convulsive seizures within 48 hours after intracranial operations using a
      craniotomy were reviewed. Incidence was 8.9% (44 of 493 operations): 13.5% of
      brain tumor operations and 3.8% of aneurysmal operations. We demonstrated that
      preoperative seizures, sites of lesion, sub-therapeutic anticonvulsant levels,
      and postoperative local organic lesions were important factors causing the
      immediate postoperative seizures. Among them, a survey of postoperative computed
      tomography scans disclosed nine intracerebral hemorrhages, eight cases of
      cerebral edema, and four cerebral infarctions in the 44 patients; such major
      complications had a significant correlation with postoperative seizures (p less
      than 0.005).

PMID- 4060050
TI  - Multicentric hemangioblastomas in the cerebellum.
AB  - An 18-year-old female patient who had been diagnosed as having von Hippel-Lindau
      disease was admitted to our hospital with signs of increased intracranial
      pressure. Computed tomographic examination and vertebral angiography revealed the
      presence of five multicentric cerebellar nodules, of which three had newly
      occurred in the opposite hemisphere, probably sometime during the 3 years before
      admission. This case gives us some insights into the biological multipotentiality
      of cerebellar hemangioblastoma. We stress that close observation is absolutely
      necessary for this unique group of tumors, even after total excision.

PMID- 4060051
TI  - Arteriovenous fistula as an unusual complication of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
      of the skull.
AB  - A patient who had a polyostotic fibrous dysplasia with an arteriovenous fistula
      is reported. A bruit was audible and a large aneurysmal sac was observed on the
      angiogram.

PMID- 4060052
TI  - Loss of workdays for medical reasons among metropolitan employees in 1982-83.

PMID- 4060053
TI  - The risky first year of life.

PMID- 4060054
TI  - Population profile: persons aged 25-64.

PMID- 4060056
TI  - Continued decline in mortality in the United States, Canada, and Western Europe.

PMID- 4060055
TI  - The insure project on preventive health services.

PMID- 4060057
TI  - Variations in hysterectomy costs by region.

PMID- 4060058
TI  - The quest for quality medical care.

PMID- 4060059
TI  - Slight gains in U.S. longevity.

PMID- 4060060
TI  - Population changes in the United States and Canada.

PMID- 4060061
TI  - Differences in breast and lung cancer mortality in the United States.

PMID- 4060062
TI  - Diabetes mortality sharply declined in past decade.

PMID- 4060063
TI  - Mortality from respiratory cancer continues to rise internationally.

PMID- 4060064
TI  - Regional variations in costs of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.

PMID- 4060065
TI  - Modified distal splenorenal shunt with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene
      interposition.
AB  - Two types of modified distal splenorenal shunt with expanded
      polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex; WL Gore & Associates Inc., Elkton, Md.)
      interposition were performed in 18 consecutive patients with esophageal or
      esophagogastric varices. There were 12 men and six women ranging in age from 32
      to 76 years. The causes of portal hypertension were cirrhosis of the liver in 15
      patients, chronic hepatitis in two, and idiopathic portal hypertension in one. In
      five patients the left gastric vein branched off from the splenic vein; bilateral
      gastric venous decompression was achieved by preserving the splenic vein. Porta
      azygos disconnection was routinely performed by confirming repeated
      intraoperative direct splenoportography. The operations were elective in seven
      and were emergencies in five patients. Six patients underwent a prophylactic
      shunt; all patients had "red color signs" endoscopically, and three of them had
      concomitant hepatocellular carcinoma. Postoperative morbidity was minimal and
      there was no mortality. Shunt patency was confirmed angiographically in all
      patients 14 to 56 days after surgery. The varices disappeared or significantly
      improved in all patients. No patients had variceal bleeding postoperatively.
      Hepatic encephalopathy was transiently seen in one (the oldest) patient.

PMID- 4060066
TI  - Celiac axis compression syndrome: factors predicting a favorable outcome.
AB  - There is still considerable doubt about the existence of the celiac axis
      compression syndrome. Asymptomatic compression or narrowing of the celiac artery
      is common, and it is difficult to understand why some patients have significant
      symptoms while others have none. One major problem emerges from a study of the
      literature, in that there is no precise definition of the clinical features of a
      syndrome. Patients with all kinds of abdominal symptoms and varying psychiatric
      and medical backgrounds have been included in previous studies. It is not
      surprising, then, that there is no agreement on whether surgery is ever
      justified. We reported a small series of 11 patients whose clinical features have
      been carefully documented. Regression analysis of results suggests that good
      surgical results can be achieved in selected patients by decompression of the
      artery and restoration of the normal arterial lumen. Patients likely to benefit
      are those with epigastric pain related to food or hunger who do not have a galaxy
      of other unrelated symptoms. It is suggested that these factors be included in
      subsequent definitions of the celiac axis compression syndrome, so that some
      uniformity be introduced into the writing and thinking about this confusing
      problem.

PMID- 4060067
TI  - Further studies of a putative cross-linking amino acid (3-deoxypyridinoline) in
      skin from patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms.
AB  - A recent report claimed that an amine in human skin (believed to be pyridinoline)
      was deficient in specimens from patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA).
      Further studies suggest that this work was erroneous in two respects. First, the
      amine has been isolated and partially characterized; the major component of the
      peak of interest is a deoxyanalogue of pyridinoline. It may be a collagen cross
      link of some biologic importance, because it is not detectable in skin from a
      patient with Marfan's syndrome. Second, further studies in an additional 19
      patients with AAA and an additional 13 controls suggest that this amine is
      abnormally abundant in skin from patients with AAA. This difference cannot be
      accounted for by any potential source of artifact that has been traceable. The
      effects of age, diabetes, sex, race, site of biopsy, and source of specimen
      (autopsy versus surgery) have been studied; none of these variables can account
      for the high ratio of pyridinolines to hydroxylysine found in skin from patients
      with AAA.

PMID- 4060068
TI  - The role of lung innervation in the hemodynamic response to hypertonic sodium
      chloride solutions in hemorrhagic shock.
AB  - The role of pulmonary innervation in the genesis of hemodynamic responses to
      hypertonic salt solutions was assessed in an animal model of total lung
      denervation by total division of the pulmonary hilum followed by reimplantation
      of the organ. This was performed in 10 mongrel dogs (weighing 12 to 20 kg)
      randomly assigned to two groups: group I (five dogs) was comprised of animals
      with catheters placed in the pulmonary artery of the denervated lung; group II
      (five dogs) was comprised of animals with catheters placed in the pulmonary
      artery of the intact lung; a control group (group III) (five dogs) was submitted
      to a sham thoracotomy with catheters inserted in either pulmonary artery. On the
      seventh postoperative day the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was monitored and
      severe hemorrhagic shock (MAP = 40 mm Hg) was produced in all animals. After 30
      minutes of shock the shed blood was discarded and 5% of the shed volume (+/- 2
      ml/kg) was infused through the pulmonary catheter in the form of a hypertonic
      NaCl solution (2400 mosm/L). MAP continued to be measured for the 30 minutes
      following the infusion period. A significant rise of MAP was uniformly observed
      in animals of groups II and III. In group I low elevations of MAP were observed
      during the infusion period, followed by a return to shock levels on
      discontinuation of the infusion. The results suggest that selective lung
      denervation abolished the beneficial cardiovascular effects of hypertonic NaCl
      infusion during resuscitation from severe hemorrhagic shock without affecting the
      plasma osmolality pattern.

PMID- 4060069
TI  - Effects of serotonin on canine bile formation.
AB  - Long-term studies were performed on dogs previously prepared by cholecystectomy,
      ligation of the lesser pancreatic duct, and insertion of a duodenal cannula.
      After an overnight fast, bile duct cannulation and stabilization of bile flow
      with intravenous (IV) sodium taurocholate, serotonin, 10 micrograms/kg/min, or
      0.15 N NaCl was infused. In similar experiments, animals were fed a standard
      meal, and serotonin or 0.15 N NaCl was infused IV beginning simultaneously with
      or 30 minutes after the meal. Short-term experiments were performed on dogs
      anesthetized with pentobarbital and prepared by abdominal evisceration,
      cholecystectomy, and bile duct cannulation. Serotonin caused significant
      inhibition of fasting bile formation (3.8 +/- 0.3 ml/15 min to 3.2 +/- 0.3 ml/15
      min), meal-stimulated choleresis (4.0 +/- 0.3 ml/15 min to 3.5 +/- 0.3 ml/15
      min), and bile flow in eviscerated animals (1.6 +/- 0.1 ml/15 min to 1.1 +/- 0.2
      ml/15 min). Bile acid output and 14C erythritol clearance were stable while bile
      bicarbonate output was decreased during serotonin infusion. A similar inhibitory
      effect was demonstrated with serotonin, 5 micrograms/kg/min, but the inhibition
      was not statistically significant with 2.5 micrograms/kg/min. These studies
      demonstrate that serotonin inhibits bile acid-independent bile formation,
      possibly at the ductular level, and the inhibition occurs independently of
      endogenous gastrointestinal tract hormone secretion.

PMID- 4060070
TI  - Pheochromocytoma: operative strategy.
AB  - We studied 28 patients who had undergone 30 operations for pheochromocytoma since
      1964. The tumor types included bilateral, extra-adrenal, malignant, recurrent,
      and multiple endocrine neoplasia, with 20 tumors confined to the adrenal gland.
      The preoperative studies used to localize the tumor included ultrasonography,
      intravenous urography, angiography, and computed tomography. Patients underwent
      exploratory operations via flank, subcostal, bilateral subcostal, midline, or
      thoracoabdominal approaches. In one case, that of a recurrence after bilateral
      adrenalectomy, surgical exploration discovered a tumor that had not been
      localized during the preoperative workup. Two patients underwent splenectomy
      because of injury incurred during operative exploration. Our experience suggests
      that preoperative localization is highly reliable, and therefore the benefits of
      extensive surgical exploration may be outweighed by its risks. We believe that
      with the exception of tumors that occur in association with childhood or
      pregnancy, multiple endocrine neoplastic syndromes, or recurrent disease, a
      direct approach to the tumor, possibly via the flank, is justified. Our results
      suggest that exploration of the contralateral adrenal or periaortic area is not
      so important as to be worth jeopardizing the spleen or other organs by a complex
      or extensive dissection.

PMID- 4060071
TI  - Vitamin A and retinoic acid: induced fibroblast differentiation in vitro.
AB  - The role of vitamin A in wound healing and fibroplasia has been studied
      extensively in vivo but the mechanism(s) of its action has not been established.
      In this study the effect of vitamin A and retinoic acid on fibroblast growth and
      collagen accumulation in vitro was examined. Vitamin A and retinoic acid added to
      Balb 3T3 mouse fibroblasts in tissue culture resulted in induction of cell
      differentiation as manifested by a decrease in cell growth rate, enhanced
      collagen accumulation, and morphologic differentiation. The results of this in
      vitro study suggest that the stimulatory in vivo effect of vitamin A and retinoic
      acid on collagen accumulation and fibroplasia in healing wounds is due in a major
      way to fibroblast differentiation and enhanced collagen synthesis.

PMID- 4060072
TI  - Microporous, complaint, biodegradable vascular grafts for the regeneration of the
      arterial wall in rat abdominal aorta.
AB  - Microporous, complaint, biodegradable vascular grafts prepared from mixtures of
      polyurethane (PU) and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) can function as temporary
      scaffolds for the regeneration of the arterial wall in small-caliber arteries.
      This study was undertaken to determine the most suitable composition for PU/PLLA
      vascular grafts to ensure an optimal regeneration. Four types of PU/PLLA vascular
      grafts differing in percent weight of the PU/PLLA mixture, molecular weight of
      PLLA, and pore size were implanted into the abdominal aorta of rats (n = 32). Six
      weeks after implantation two implants of each graft type were evaluated by means
      of scanning electron microscopy and six implants were evaluated by means of light
      microscopy. In two types of the PU/PLLA vascular grafts, both of which were
      prepared from a 95%/5% weight PU/PLLA mixture with PLLA of molecular weight
      500,000 but which had a different pore size, there was (I) absence of aneurysm
      formation and maintenance of arterial implant pulsations, (II) regeneration of a
      complete antithrombogenic neointima, (III) regeneration of a neomedia of
      comparable thickness to the media of normal rat abdominal aorta with the
      regeneration of elastic laminae almost throughout its thickness, and (IV)
      regeneration of a sufficiently supporting neoadventitia. These results
      demonstrate that a 95%/5% weight PU/PLLA mixture with PLLA of molecular weight
      500,000 is the most suitable composition for PU/PLLA vascular grafts to ensure an
      optimal regeneration of a neoarterial wall that is of sufficient strength,
      compliance, and thromboresistance to function as a small-caliber arterial
      substitute. Pore size of these PU/PLLA grafts does not affect regeneration.

PMID- 4060073
TI  - Cylindrical dilatation of the choledochus: a special type of congenital bile duct
      dilatation.
AB  - Cylindrical dilatation of the choledochus develops in 20% of patients with
      congenital bile duct dilatation and usually has acute-angled unions of the
      pancreatobiliary ductal system. Symptoms generally develop in patients over 1
      year of age. The patients frequently complain of abdominal pain, vomiting, and
      fever as in those with acute pancreatitis. Ultrasonography and infusion
      cholangiography are the most useful tools in making a correct diagnosis. A high
      amylase level in the bile caused by the refluxing of pancreatic juice through
      anomalous ductal unions is commonly observed. This is responsible for biliary
      perforation in infancy and possibly carcinoma arising in the bile duct. The
      amylase concentration in the serum at the time of epigastric pain often is high,
      which leads to the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. However, evidence of
      pancreatic inflammation is seldom noted. Accordingly, amylase in the bile may
      enter the circulating blood through the denuded epithelium or sinusoids of the
      liver. Excision of the whole extrahepatic duct along with hepaticoenterostomy
      would be essential for the treatment of cylindrical dilatation of the bile duct,
      especially when an anomalous ductal union is present.

PMID- 4060074
TI  - Latent mammary tuberculosis: a case report.
AB  - Tuberculosis of the breast was diagnosed in this 63-year-old woman 14 years after
      she was treated for tuberculous pericarditis. Case history and a review of the
      literature are presented.

PMID- 4060075
TI  - Surgical treatment of mycotic popliteal artery aneurysm: a case report and review
      of the literature.

PMID- 4060076
TI  - Multiple myeloma: current management.

PMID- 4060078
TI  - The gastro-clip gastroplasty: an alternative surgical procedure for the treatment
      of morbid obesity.

PMID- 4060077
TI  - Lumbar disc disease.

PMID- 4060079
TI  - Screening for neurologic disease in impotent patients.

PMID- 4060080
TI  - The great nurse emancipation case.

PMID- 4060081
TI  - New due process protections for Texas physicians.

PMID- 4060082
TI  - Population dynamics in variable environments. VI. Cyclical environments.
AB  - This paper studies the dynamics of an age-structured population which experiences
      cyclical variation in vital rates. The principal features of population behavior
      are found to be contained in an explicitly calculable response function. Three
      distinct regimes of qualitative behavior are described when cycle period is
      respectively much less than, of the order of, and much greater than the average
      generation length. These results make explicit the way in which transient
      properties corresponding to average vital rates determine population response to
      cycles.

PMID- 4060083
TI  - Selection in complex genetic systems. VI. Equilibrium properties of two locus
      selection models with partial selfing.
AB  - The results of a combined analytical and numerical study of two locus selection
      models with partial selfing indicate that several commonly held opinions about
      the effects of partial self-fertilization do not hold in general. For example,
      the heterozygosity of a population may actually increase as the selfing rate is
      increased. Similarly, selection strong enough to guarantee a two locus
      polymorphism with complete selfing does not necessarily guarantee a two locus
      polymorphism with intermediate amounts of self-fertilization. The results
      presented here and a brief review of previously existing results indicate that
      the predictions of population genetic models based on the assumption of random
      mating will not be greatly altered by a small amount of self-fertilization,
      unless the loci involved are tightly linked. On the other hand, the results
      presented indicate that a very small amount of outcrossing may lead to marked
      differences from the expectation based on complete self-fertilization.

PMID- 4060084
TI  - Genetical ESS-models. I. Concepts and basic model.
AB  - Evolutionarily Stable Strategies (ESS) in phenotypic models are used to explain
      the evolution of animal interactive behaviour. As the behavioural features under
      consideration are assumed to be genetically determined, the question arises how
      underlying a genetical system might affect the results of phenotypic ESS-models.
      This question can be fully treated in terms of ESS-theory. A method of designing
      Genetical ESS-Models is proposed, which transfers the question of evolutionary
      stability to a "lower" level, the genetical basis. Genetical ESS-models -
      although nonlinear even in the simplest cases - can be analysed in a way that is
      familiar to ESS-theorists and yield immediate results on gene pool ESSs, which
      then may or may not maintain ESSs on the phenotypic level. Moreover, general
      results can be obtained to characterize evolutionarily stable gene pool states
      and their interrelation with commonsense, phenotypic ESSs. This part of the
      article presents the basic concepts and an outline of the method of genetical ESS
      models. It gives, as a demonstration, a complete analysis for phenotypic two
      strategy models (linear or nonlinear) based on a diploid, diallelic single-locus
      system under random mating. The results in this case suggest that a phenotypic
      ESS should indeed be expected to evolve but, maybe, only after passing through a
      succession of temporarily stable states.

PMID- 4060085
TI  - Genetical ESS-models. II. Multi-strategy models and multiple alleles.
AB  - The problem of evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS) in sexual populations can
      be investigated by means of genetical ESS-models which link common sense,
      phenotypic ESS-models to an underlying genetical system. Thorough results are
      obtained for multi-strategy models in diploid, panmictic populations on the basis
      of multi-allelic, one-locus systems. A sexual population will be maintained at a
      phenotypic ESS if this can possibly be produced by the genotypes currently
      existing. If there is enough allelic variation, the corresponding gene pool may
      either be an ESS itself, or belong to an attracting, continuous set of states,
      which all determine the same evolutionarily stable population. The latter case
      allows new alleles to enter and spread in the gene pool without disturbing the
      phenotypic ESS. If a phenotypic ESS cannot be established, ESSs of the genetical
      model may be found which give rise to stable populations alternatively. Since
      these depend on the phenotypes determined by the currently existing genotypes,
      they may be destabilized by the occurrence of new mutations. In this sense, they
      are less durable than populations maintained at a phenotypic ESS and can be
      expected to evolve, in the long run, towards a phenotypic ESS.

PMID- 4060086
TI  - ESS germination strategies in randomly varying environments. I. Logistic-type
      models.
AB  - ESS germination strategies are studied in a model of annual plant population
      dynamics in a randomly varying environment. The possible strategies are different
      values of the annual germination fraction G, either constant over time or varying
      in response to a "cue" correlated with upcoming environmental conditions. The
      model generalizes D. Cohen's model (1966, J. Theor. Biol. 12, 119-129; 1968, J.
      Ecol. 56, 219-228) by allowing density-dependent per capita seed yields. ESSs are
      characterized in terms of the resulting harmonic mean growth rate of population
      density. The ESS criterion cannot be solved analytically, but qualitative
      relationships between the value of the ESS and other population parameters are
      obtained, and environments in which 100% germination is an ESS are identified.
      Some explicit predictions of the theory are summarized and compared with ideas of
      M. Westoby (1981, Amer. Nat. 118, 882-885). The results of this study are
      compared with those of Cohen (op. cit.) in a companion paper.

PMID- 4060087
TI  - ESS germination strategies in randomly varying environments. II. Reciprocal Yield
      Law models.
AB  - The study of ESS germination fractions in S. Ellner (1985, Theor. Pop. Biol. 27,
      000-000) is applied and extended in the case of annuals obeying the Reciprocal
      Yield Law. The effects of parameter changes on the value of the ESS germination
      fraction are determined in some limiting cases by analyses of approximations.
      Numerical solutions of the ESS criterion are used to check the robustness of the
      conclusions and the accuracy of the approximations. In general, the ESS
      germination fraction decreases with an increased survivorship of buried seeds and
      with increased "variability" of seed yields. However, different measures of
      "variability" are appropriate in different circumstances. To avoid the
      possibility of conflicting predictions depending on the measure of variability,
      it is suggested that tests of the theory be limited to co-occurring species, and
      to variability due to climatic fluctuations. The ESS theory based on the
      Reciprocal Yield Law is compared with D. Cohen's (1966, J. Theor. Biol. 12, 119
      129; 1968, J. Ecol. 56, 219-228) density-independent theory of "optimal"
      germination. The theories differ qualitatively and quantitatively regarding the
      influence of mean yield, seed survivorship, and the frequency of favorable years
      on the predicted germination fraction.

PMID- 4060088
TI  - Philosophy of medicine in the U.S.A.

PMID- 4060089
TI  - Philosophy of medicine and other humanities: toward a wholistic view.

PMID- 4060090
TI  - Social ethics, the philosophy of medicine, and professional responsibility.

PMID- 4060091
TI  - Respect for autonomy and medical paternalism reconsidered.

PMID- 4060092
TI  - Medicine and the arts.

PMID- 4060093
TI  - An analysis of the structure of justification of ethical decisions in medical
      intervention.

PMID- 4060094
TI  - Difficulties in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 4060095
TI  - Factors affecting the decline of ventilatory function in chronic bronchitis.
AB  - Ninety six middle aged male patients with chronic bronchitis with relatively well
      preserved ventilatory function who were resident in Queensland, New South Wales,
      or Victoria took part in a prospective study to determine the relationship of
      various factors to the rate of decline of the FEV1. Thirty of the subjects
      withdrew, leaving 66 to be followed for four to six years. The mean rate of
      decline of the FEV1 was 58.6 (SD 51.4) ml/year. The subjects' ventilatory
      responses to bronchodilator and to methacholine (measures of bronchial lability)
      were significantly related to each other and to sputum eosinophilia. With a
      linear model for the data on 57 patients who had methacholine and skin tests the
      rate of decline of the FEV1 was found, after adjustment had been made for other
      variables, to be significantly related to State of residence, current smoking,
      response to bronchodilator, age, and occupational exposure to dust. Response to
      bronchodilator was interchangeable with response to methacholine. With the five
      variables in the model none of the following factors was related to the rate of
      decline of the FEV1:FEV1 on entry, FEV1% predicted normal, FEV1/VC%, skin test
      reaction, occupation on entry, history of sinusitis and rhinitis, and height.
      When data from all 66 subjects were introduced into the model, in addition to the
      five significant individual variables (FEV1/VC% X response to bronchodilator) was
      significantly related to the rate of decline of the FEV1. Of these prognostic
      indices, response to bronchodilator was independent of the initial FEV1, FEV/VC%,
      and FEV1% predicted. The difference between States, which was not explained by
      differences due to sampling or withdrawal of subjects, was due to a low rate of
      decline in Queensland.

PMID- 4060096
TI  - Transbronchial needle aspiration in clinical practice.
AB  - Transbronchial needle aspiration has recently been adapted for use with the
      flexible bronchoscope. We studied 108 patients, who had a total of 110
      aspirations performed, and diagnosed thoracic cancer in 70 cases. Transbronchial
      needle aspiration revealed malignant disease in 32 (46%) of these 70 patients. In
      12 (17%) patients with cancer this technique provided the sole cytological or
      histological confirmation of the diagnosis. It gave a positive result in an
      additional 20 (29%) cases in which the diagnosis was also proved by conventional
      procedures, and it provided important staging information in these patients. In
      20% of patients with cancer transbronchial needle aspiration precluded the need
      for further diagnostic surgery. There were no complications in this series. This
      is a safe, useful, and economical technique that can be used in diagnosing and
      staging patients with carcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 4060097
TI  - Mast cell and histamine content of human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
AB  - Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 97 patients including control patients
      with bronchial carcinoma (24) and patients with sarcoidosis (20), cryptogenic
      fibrosing alveolitis (9), and asthma (4), and others. Cytocentrifuged slides were
      stained by two methods: May-Grunwald Giemsa and toluidine blue. In the last 32
      subjects the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was separated into supernatant and cell
      pellet for the subsequent assay of the performed mast cell mediator, histamine.
      Comparison of the two methods of staining showed a bias towards toluidine blue.
      Controls had a differential mean (SE) mast cell count of 0.07% (0.01%). Higher
      counts were noted in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis--0.61% (0.15%) (p less than
      0.001)--and in sarcoidosis--0.14% (0.02%) (p less than 0.05). There was a strong
      correlation between absolute mast cell counts and cell lysate histamine
      concentration (r = 0.78, p less than 0.001). Less strong, significant,
      correlations between supernatant histamine concentration and absolute mast cell
      counts (r = 0.48, p less than 0.01) or cell lysate histamine concentration (r =
      0.72, p less than 0.01) were also found. Derived mean values of histamine per
      mast cell ranged from 3.7 to 10.9 picograms. The mean histamine content of lavage
      fluid supernatant as a percentage of the total lavage fluid histamine was 24.9%
      (3.3%). The possible clinical significance of these findings is discussed.

PMID- 4060098
TI  - Morphology of heart valves preserved by liquid nitrogen freezing.
AB  - As a preliminary to establishing a frozen valve bank for replacement surgery, the
      possible effects of the proposed freezing and thawing procedure on tissue
      structure were assessed in 16 human pulmonary valves removed from cadavers at
      necropsy and nine dog valves obtained fresh. The valves were frozen and stored in
      liquid nitrogen for intervals ranging from 23 to 380 days. Blocks of tissue cut
      from the central area of one leaflet, and including some adjacent arterial wall
      and ventricular myocardium, were obtained both before freezing and after thawing
      and examined by a large specimen resin embedding technique for light and electron
      microscopy, with histochemical staining for matrix material. Control and thawed
      tissue from all valves appeared similar, indicating good preservation
      irrespective of storage time. Fine structural alterations in the cellular
      elements correlated with the total interval of autolysis (from death to freezing)
      rather than the cause of death or other variables and were not uniform in any of
      the specimens.

PMID- 4060099
TI  - The capillary plexus in the gas exchange zone of human neonatal lung: an
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - The structure of the capillary plexus in the gas exchange zone in the lungs of
      five neonates was investigated by electron microscopy and cytochemical
      techniques. The results show that the capillaries associated with the terminal
      respiratory saccules are narrow and that they generally possess two to three
      endothelial cells per cross section. "Seamless" and protoplasmic capillaries were
      not observed. A capillary plexus was located on either side of each intersaccular
      septum and the mesh size of this plexus was relatively large. The gas diffusion
      pathway in the neonatal lung was found to be very short (mean 1.84 micron). It is
      suggested that the layer of periodate reactive material lining the luminal
      surfaces of the capillary endothelial cells may have important functions in vivo.

PMID- 4060100
TI  - Squamous carcinoma in situ of the oesophagus in a patient with achalasia.

PMID- 4060101
TI  - Squamous bronchial carcinoma arising in a case of multiple juvenile
      papillomatosis.

PMID- 4060102
TI  - Sudden death due to myocardial tuberculosis.

PMID- 4060103
TI  - Chemotherapy in non-small cell bronchial carcinoma.

PMID- 4060104
TI  - Effect of danazol on the biochemical abnormality of inherited antithrombin III
      deficiency.
AB  - Seven members of a family affected by hereditary antithrombin III deficiency were
      identified. The disorder was associated with recurrent spontaneous episodes of
      phlebitis, deep venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism in middle age. Danazol,
      a 17-alkyl derivative of ethinyl testosterone, which has been used to treat other
      antiprotease deficiency states, was assessed in the management of two men with
      antithrombin deficiency. In a dose of 600 mg a day danazol appeared to correct
      the antithrombin deficiency. This drug may provide a useful adjunct to
      anticoagulant treatment, particularly before surgery.

PMID- 4060105
TI  - Lymphocyte fluctuation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in normal volunteers.
AB  - In an attempt to understand the widely varying bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocyte
      counts reported in normal subjects, we performed bronchoalveolar lavage in 42
      healthy nonsmokers. The mean (SD) lymphocyte percentage in this first lavage was
      9.6% (7.7%). The values did not fit a normal distribution. Five subjects had more
      than 20% of lymphocytes, and when they were excluded the distribution of
      lymphocyte counts was normal. Bronchoalveolar lavage was repeated once or twice
      in these five subjects 47 days or more after the previous lavage and the
      lymphocyte count decreased below 14% in four. Eight volunteers with an initial
      lymphocyte percentage less than 20% also had repeat lavages; two presented a
      transient increase of lymphocyte count above 20%. These data show that the
      percentage of lymphocytes in lavage fluid fluctuates significantly in normal
      subjects and suggest that lymphocyte counts counts higher than 14% should not be
      considered as normal.

PMID- 4060106
TI  - Diurnal variation and adaptation of the cough response to citric acid in normal
      subjects.
AB  - The lowest concentrations of citric acid were measured that caused coughing in 10
      normal subjects who inhaled successively higher concentrations. Two subjects did
      not cough at any concentration. In the remaining eight the threshold
      concentration was significantly higher when measured in the afternoon than it was
      in the morning (p less than 0.05). The expected diurnal variation in peak
      expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was found (significant in the whole group--p less
      than 0.05); but PEFR did not change significantly when measured before and
      immediately after coughing caused by citric acid inhalations. In a second group
      of 10 normal subjects two series of citric acid inhalations were given, separated
      by one hour. The total number of coughs was significantly lower on the second run
      (p less than 0.05). Thus diurnal variation and adaptation of the cough response
      must be taken into account when antitussive drugs are tested.

PMID- 4060107
TI  - Does bronchography have a role in the assessment of patients with haemoptysis?
AB  - The results of bronchography in 96 consecutive patients investigated for
      haemoptysis at Papworth Hospital from 1975 to 1983 were reviewed. None of the
      patients included in this study gave a history suggestive of bronchiectasis and
      neither chest radiography nor fibreoptic bronchoscopy had shown a cause for the
      bleeding. Bronchography was performed through the fibreoptic bronchoscope and all
      included in the study showed both lungs adequately. The chest radiographic
      appearances were compared with the bronchographic findings. Seven of 12 patients
      with appearances suggesting old fibrosis showed bronchiectasis, as did eight of
      10 with radiographic appearances suggestive of bronchiectasis. Eleven out of 74
      patients with normal chest radiographs, however, also showed bronchiectasis. This
      group of 11 was compared with the other 63 but no clinical feature was found to
      be significantly associated with the presence of bronchiectasis. Although
      bronchography is now rarely used in the investigation of haemoptysis, this high
      yield (15%) of bronchiectasis indicates that its use should be reappraised.
      Follow up of the patients indicated that bronchography was not reliable at
      diagnosing peripheral bronchial carcinomas, which became evident later in two
      cases, and that asthma was present in 15 (24%) of the 63 patients with both
      normal chest radiographs and normal bronchograms.

PMID- 4060111
TI  - Angiofollicular lymphoid hyperplasia in a pulmonary fissure.

PMID- 4060112
TI  - Proceedings of the British Thoracic Society. 1985 summer meeting. 3-5 July, York.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 4060108
TI  - Evaluation of jet nebulisers for use with gentamicin solution.
AB  - Recently nebulised antibiotics (gentamicin and carbenicillin) have been used
      successfully to treat respiratory tract infection in patients with cystic
      fibrosis. No information exists, however, on the choice of nebuliser or the ideal
      mode of operation with antibiotic solutions, which are often viscous. The aerosol
      output, droplet size, and nebulisation time were assessed for four common brands
      of jet nebuliser (Bird, DeVilbiss, Inspiron, and Upmist) used to nebulise 2 ml
      (80 mg) and 4 ml (160 mg) of gentamicin solution (Garamycin, Kirby-Warrick) at
      four compressed gas flow rates (6, 8, 10, and 12 1 . min-1). There were
      considerable variations between the nebulisers, DeVilbiss and Upmist being most
      efficient in the release of respirable (less than 5 micron diameter) droplets.
      Droplet size and nebulisation time were inversely proportional to gas flow rate.
      Aerosol output and nebulisation time were increased by raising the volume fill
      from 2 to 4 ml, although nebulisation time could still be restricted to 12
      minutes or less with DeVilbiss and Upmist at 12 1 . min-1. The output of drug in
      droplets of below 5 micron diameter ranged from 7.2 (SE 0.4) to 71.4 (4.3) mg,
      according to the type of nebuliser, flow rate, and volume fill. These studies
      suggest that for optimal drug delivery 4 ml gentamicin solution should be
      nebulised either at a fixed flow rate of 10-12 1 . min-1 or with a high flow
      compressor. Previous unsatisfactory clinical results with antibiotic aerosols may
      have been due in part to incorrect choice of nebuliser or inappropriate operating
      conditions, or both.

PMID- 4060110
TI  - Giant oesophageal hamartoma.

PMID- 4060113
TI  - [Laser treatment of glaucoma. Laser trabeculoplasty].

PMID- 4060109
TI  - Diffuse malignant mesothelioma presenting as bilateral malignant lymphangitis.

PMID- 4060115
TI  - [X-ray examinations in the detection of narcotics in the gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 4060114
TI  - [Metabolic activation and kidney damage].

PMID- 4060117
TI  - [Reduced mortality of cancer and cardiovascular diseases among Seventh Day
      Adventists. Health benefits of better life style?].

PMID- 4060116
TI  - [Radiotherapy with intra-arterial chemotherapy. Treatment with 5-(3,3 dimethyl-1
      triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide. Effect in malignant melanoma of the
      extremities].

PMID- 4060119
TI  - [Soccer injuries].

PMID- 4060120
TI  - [Soccer injuries in Norway].

PMID- 4060121
TI  - [Suicide among Norwegian soldiers between 1977 and 1984. A retrospective study].

PMID- 4060122
TI  - [A survey of acetylsalicylic acid and paracetamol poisonings in Norway].

PMID- 4060118
TI  - [Athletic injuries].

PMID- 4060124
TI  - [Intraluminal vascular prostheses in the treatment of aortic aorta aneurysm].

PMID- 4060123
TI  - [Occurrence of angina pectoris. A study among 40-49-year-old men in Oslo (the
      Oslo study) evaluated by a questionnaire and clinical diagnosis].

PMID- 4060125
TI  - [Traumatic pneumopericardium].

PMID- 4060126
TI  - [Myelin deficiency and oligodendroglia development].

PMID- 4060128
TI  - [Side effects of drugs leading to hospitalization in emergency medical
      departments. How good is the reporting system?].

PMID- 4060129
TI  - [Laboratory tests in screening].

PMID- 4060130
TI  - [Adverse effects of aluminium-magnesium antacids].

PMID- 4060131
TI  - [Medical aid to war areas in the Third World].

PMID- 4060127
TI  - [Esophageal stenoses. Treatment with Celestin's dilator system].

PMID- 4060132
TI  - [A quarter of a century of studies of the abuse of hormonal anabolics in
      slaughtering animals: no DES-illusion!].
AB  - Over twenty-five years of analytical chemical and analytical biological forensic
      examination for residues of anabolic agents are reviewed. Up to 1981, this review
      is not only representative of the research done at the National Institute of
      Public Health but also of any research in this field in The Netherlands. A more
      detailed background is presented of the situation and the model of investigation
      adopted in the analytical-chemical testing of bovine urine for diethylstilbestrol
      (DES) following legal verdicts in 1981. At the time, examination in accordance
      with the Meat Regulations as well as a particular method of analysis were
      condemned. A retrospective study showed the rejected radioimmunochemical method
      (RIA) to be reliable as regards false-positive results at a level of 2 micrograms
      or more of DES per litre of urine (2 parts per billion or 2 ppb) rather than the
      level of 1 ppb adopted in 1981. Extensive and large-scale screening for DES from
      1984 up to the present day resulted in the almost complete disappearance of the
      illegal use of this anabolic compounds in the Netherlands. However,
      investigations of sites of injection detected in slaughtered cattle during the
      period from 1983 to 1984, showed that other anabolics were still being used
      illegally. These studies particularly revealed residues of combined anabolic
      compounds ('cocktails'). The most common active anabolic ingredients observed
      were the xenobiotic steroids nortestosterone (nandrolone) and medroxyprogesterone
      and the exogenous natural steroids oestradiol and testosterone.

PMID- 4060134
TI  - [A case of narasin poisoning in turkeys].

PMID- 4060133
TI  - [Flea allergy and proligestone].
AB  - In a small animal practice, 126 cats were given combined treatment with
      proligestone and an ectoparasitic agent for flea allergy during a period of ten
      months. Complete recovery (81%) or very marked improvement (10%) were observed in
      91% of the cases.

PMID- 4060135
TI  - [Swine tuberculosis and public health].
AB  - Tuberculous lesions in pigs are caused by M. avium in the majority of cases. It
      was shown that compost may be a source of infection in pigs. Birds rarely are
      sources of infection by M. avium in pigs. Although infected pigs were believed to
      be capable of infecting man, it was rendered plausible that pigs and man are
      infected by similar sources of infection. Therefore, M. avium infections in pigs
      do not constitute a hazard to public health.

PMID- 4060137
TI  - [Veterinary Chief Inspection of Public Health. Use of anabolics in meat
      production].

PMID- 4060138
TI  - Post transfusion purpura and anti-Zwb (-P1A2).
AB  - The first two cases of post transfusion purpura (PTP) due to recognized
      antibodies against the platelet specific antigen Zwb (P1A1) are described. In
      both cases, the antibodies were detectable in the platelet enzyme immuno-assay
      (ELISA), while the platelet specific alloantibodies could be ascertained neither
      in the platelet suspension immunofluorescence test (PSIFT) nor in the platelet
      fixation test (CFT) due to coexisting potent multispecific HLA-antibodies. The
      two sera reacted in parallel (coefficient of correlation, r = 0.87; P less than
      10(-5) and the reactions of the two sera were negatively associated with the Zwa
      antigen (P = 0.0002 and 0.003, respectively). Thus, PTP may be caused not only by
      anti-Zwa (-P1A1) but also by anti-Zwb.

PMID- 4060136
TI  - [Experiences with a paste used as an anthelmintic in cats].
AB  - When the anthelmintic Banminth 'Katze' was administered twice to ninety-two cats,
      the owners were questioned on the method by which the animals took this paste.
      Minor, if any, problems were observed in 94.5 per cent of the cats. Major
      problems occurred in 5.5 per cent of the animals. Significantly more adult than
      young cats had difficulties in taking the paste.

PMID- 4060141
TI  - Investigations into the principles underlying the automatic reading of tissue
      typing plates by double fluorochromasia.
AB  - The potential advantages of automated microscopy for reading tissue typing
      results are accuracy and speed. A technique which depends on fluorescence
      emission of both Carboxy fluorescein (CF) in live cells and Propidium Iodine (PI)
      in dead cells has been developed. Factors which influence the data have been
      investigated and appropriate mathematical corrections proposed. A practical guide
      is given in an appendix. In comparison with other methods double fluorescence was
      shown to be more accurate than single fluorescence when compared with results
      obtained by visual reading.

PMID- 4060140
TI  - Statistical detection of HLA and disease association.

PMID- 4060139
TI  - Gm haplotype sharing by siblings with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Gm haplotype sharing by 9 sibling pairs with rheumatoid arthritis was random.
      This suggests that the model of a single, uncommon, susceptibility gene linked to
      Gm which predisposes to RA is unlikely.

PMID- 4060145
TI  - Ultrastructural study of long spacing collagen fibres and basal lamina in
      malignant schwannoma.
AB  - It was found by electron microscopy that extracellular darkly stained materials
      (DSM) observed abundantly in a case of malignant schwannoma were closely related
      to both basal lamina and fibrous long spacing collagen (FLS). The FLS were
      characterized by the cross bands with a 95 nm periodicity, and longitudinally
      aligned filaments, 9 nm in diameter, while DSM consisted of amorphous material,
      and 9 nm filaments. The filaments in DSM and FLS were similar in diameter and
      morphology to reticular fibres in basal laminae. The DSM were continuous with
      both dark bands of FLS and basal laminae. These results indicate that basal
      laminae may be the common origin of DSM and FLS. Ultrastructural features of
      longitudinal, transverse and oblique sections were described.

PMID- 4060142
TI  - The arrangement of microfilaments and microtubules in the periphery of spreading
      fibroblasts and glial cells.
AB  - Studies of spreading fibroblasts and glial cells showed that the initial phase of
      the spreading process on a solid substratum proceeds by sequential development of
      different kinds of protrusions. Initially there is a high blebbing activity which
      is followed by development of small lamellipodia and somewhat later microspikes
      are formed. In the periphery of the spreading cells several types of
      microfilament organizations are displayed, these seem to be related to different
      stages in the cycles of extensions and retractions performed by the lamellipodia.
      The presence of microtubules and their relation to the different microfilament
      organizations are also shown.

PMID- 4060143
TI  - Role of pleated septate junctions in the epithelium of miracidia of Schistosoma
      mansoni during transformation to sporocysts in vitro.
AB  - The surfaces of miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni were examined ultrastructurally
      during in vitro transformation to sporocysts. Before transformation, the surface
      was composed of ciliated epithelial plates (EP) that were set into a reticulum of
      narrow syncytial ridges (SR). The EP were attached to SR by extensive pleated
      septate junctions that had 18-24 strands of intramembrane particles (IMP) on the
      protoplasmic faces and complementary pits on the ectoplasmic faces. These
      junctions also appeared to separate the EP plasma membrane into apical and
      basolateral domains with a larger number of IMPs on the latter. Transformation
      was induced by placing the miracidia in salt containing medium which also halted
      ciliary beating. In 2-5 hr, the SR expanded until they formed a syncytium
      covering the parasite surface, while the EP retracted and rounded up. During this
      time, the EP and SR were held in contact with one another by the septate
      junctions which became progressively convoluted. Subsequently, the EP detached
      from the parasite. When transforming miracidia were returned to fresh water, the
      cilia resumed beating and the EP detached from the parasite surface and exposed
      the underlying basement membrane. Those EP that remained attached were connected
      only by septate junctions to the expanded SR. These studies demonstrate that the
      formation of the syncytium occurs gradually with contact maintained between EP
      and SR via the septate junctions. Further, the septate junctions are similar to
      occluding junctions in mammalian epithelia since they segregate the plasma
      membrane of the EP and they have an adhesive function.

PMID- 4060146
TI  - Ultrastructure of midgut endocrine cells in the adult mosquito, Aedes aegypti.
AB  - The ultrastructure of endocrine cells in the midgut of the adult mosquito, Aedes
      aegypti, resembled that of endocrine cells in the vertebrate gastro-intestinal
      tract. Midgut endocrine cells, positioned basally in the epithelium as single
      cells, were cone-shaped and smaller than the columnar digestive cells. The most
      distinctive characteristic of endocrine cells was numerous round secretory
      granules along the lateral and basal plasma membranes where contents of the
      granules were released by exocytosis. Secretory granules in each individual cell
      were exclusively of one type, either solid or 'haloed', and for all cells
      observed, the range in granule diameter was 60-120 nm. The cytoplasm varied in
      density from clear to dark. Lamellar bodies were prominent in the apical and
      lateral cellular regions and did not exhibit acid phosphatase activity. The basal
      plasma membrane was smooth adjacent to the basal lamina, whereas in digestive
      cells the membrane formed a labyrinth. Some endocrine cells reached the midgut
      lumen and were capped by microvilli; a system of vesicles and tubules extended
      from beneath the microvilli to the cell body. An estimated 500 endocrine cells
      were distributed in both the thoracic and abdominal regions of the adult midgut.
      In one midgut, we classified a sample of endocrine cells according to cytoplasmic
      density and granule type and size; endocrine cells with certain types of granules
      had specific distributions within the midgut.

PMID- 4060144
TI  - Comparative studies of the ultrastructure of the sebaceous gland.
AB  - Three-dimensional reconstructions and ultrastructural evidence on the sebaceous
      glands of man and domestic animals indicate that sebum is produced from a column
      of developing and degenerating cell populations derived from peripheral
      progenitor cells at the base of the lobe in a manner analogous to hair growth.
      The remainder of the peripheral cells apparently have no direct involvement with
      sebocyte production; those towards the neck of the gland contribute keratin to
      the secretory product.

PMID- 4060148
TI  - Structure-activity relationships of putative primaquine metabolites causing
      methemoglobin formation in canine hemolysates.
AB  - A rapid and reproducible in vitro test system was developed to measure the
      methemoglobin (MHb)-forming properties of various 8-aminoquinoline derivatives.
      Initial rates and extents of reaction were measured spectrophotometrically with
      either canine hemolysates from which ferrihemoglobin reductase was removed, or
      with purified human oxyhemoglobin (Hb). The results demonstrate that primaquine
      derivatives that can be oxidized to quinones or iminoquinones (5-hydroxy,6
      desmethyl primaquine; 5-hydroxyprimaquine; 5,6-dihydroxy-8-aminoquinoline; and 5
      hydroxy, 6-methoxy-8-aminoquinoline) are potent MHb-forming compounds. Studies on
      the extent of reaction in hemolysates and purified oxyhemoglobin suggest that the
      extent of MHb formation may be limited by the rate at which the corresponding
      iminoquinones or quinones arylate nucleophiles. The effects of glutathione,
      mannitol, ascorbate, and superoxide dismutase on the rate and extent of
      hemoglobin oxidation by 5,6-dihydroxy-8-aminoquinoline suggest that these
      compounds oxidize Hb similar to the mechanism known for dimethylaminophenol
      (DMAP), in which Hb oxidizes the quinoline to semiquinone radical and quinone
      species which are the oxidizing and arylating agents.

PMID- 4060147
TI  - Neurotoxicity and metabolism of methyl bromide in rats.
AB  - Changes in locomotor activity, body temperature, and body weight gain, and the
      enhancement of thiopental-induced sleep were investigated in rats as indices of
      the functional changes in the CNS caused by methyl bromide (CH3Br) exposure. The
      correlations of these behavioral changes with CH3Br metabolism are discussed. The
      LC50 value and its 95% confidence limits for an 8-hr exposure of CH3Br was 302
      ppm (267-340) ppm. Effects were examined following exposure to 63, 125, 188, or
      250 ppm CH3Br for 8 hr. CH3Br concentrations as low as 63 ppm remarkably enhanced
      the sleep-inducing potency of thiopental, but CH3Br exerted no effect on
      thiopental metabolism. The body temperature and body weight gain were decreased
      at exposure to concentrations of 125 ppm or higher, and locomotor activity was
      reduced at 188 ppm or higher. These effects were reversible and, at 24 hr after
      the exposure, locomotor activity and body temperature were almost the same as in
      control rats. In a time-course study of CH3Br, bromine, and methyl alcohol, CH3Br
      was rapidly eliminated from rat tissues following the cessation of exposure, with
      a half-life of about 30 min in the early post-exposure period. In contrast, the
      elimination rate of bromine was very slow, with a half-life about 5 days. The
      methanol amount was below that reported to induce the changes in CNS functions.
      These results suggest that the CNS depression caused by CH3Br exposure may be due
      to the CH3Br molecule or the methyl moiety incorporated into tissues and may not
      be attributable to bromine or methanol. A linear relationship was obtained
      between bromine amounts in blood and the exposure concentration or duration. This
      result suggests the possibility that the extent of CH3Br exposure may be
      estimated from the bromine quantities in blood.

PMID- 4060149
TI  - Interspecies variability in propylene glycol dinitrate-induced methemoglobin
      formation.
AB  - Interspecies variability of propylene glycol dinitrate (PGDN)-induced
      methemoglobin formation was studied in vitro employing erythrocytes from four
      separate species. The net rate of methemoglobin formation was significantly
      different among species with dog greater than guinea pig greater than rat greater
      than or equal to human. This order of susceptibility was maintained in stroma
      free hemolysates, indicating that interspecies variability was not a reflection
      of differences in red cell membrane permeability or intracellular transport of
      PGDN. The erythrocytic enzymes, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione
      peroxidase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,
      methemoglobin reductase, and glutathione-S-transferase, were assayed by
      adaptation of existing methods to a centrifugal analyzer. The above enzymes were
      removed from hemoglobin derived from each species and the order of susceptibility
      to PGDN-induced methemoglobin formation remained essentially the same with dog
      greater than guinea pig greater than human = rat. However, the net rate of PGDN
      mediated oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin increased in purified
      hemoglobin preparations from each species. These results demonstrate that there
      is species variability in the net rate of PGDN-mediated methemoglobin formation.
      Total enzyme activity in erythrocytes may contribute to reduction in the net rate
      of methemoglobin formation. However, the primary determinant of the net rate of
      methemoglobin formation induced by PGDN appears to be the structure of each
      hemoglobin molecule.

PMID- 4060150
TI  - Role of extracellular Ca2+ in toxic liver injury: comparative studies with the
      perfused rat liver and isolated hepatocytes.
AB  - The role of extracellular Ca2+ in toxic liver injury was examined in two in vitro
      models of the rat liver, the isolated perfused liver and isolated hepatocytes.
      The toxins t-butylhydroperoxide and carbon tetrachloride, as well as the Ca2+
      ionophore, heptafluorodimethyloctanedione (FOD), were employed to induce cellular
      injury and death. Lipid peroxidation was also measured as the formation of
      thiobarbituric acid-reactive products. Cell death was measured by the release of
      lactate dehydrogenase in the perfused liver model and by the uptake of trypan
      blue in isolated hepatocytes. Toxin-induced cellular injury and death occurred in
      both in vitro models in the presence and absence of extracellular Ca2+,
      indicating that an influx of Ca2+ was not essential for toxic liver injury. The
      degree of toxicity seen in the perfused liver model was independent of increases
      or decreases in the total calcium concentration present in the liver tissue,
      providing further evidence that cell death is not dictated solely by changes in
      cellular calcium content. Isolated hepatocytes differed from the perfused liver,
      however, undergoing more lipid peroxidation and toxin-induced cell death when
      incubated in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ than in its presence. While
      suggesting that extracellular Ca2+ concentrations may have some influence on the
      expression of toxicity, these results demonstrate the nonessential role
      extracellular Ca2+ plays in the events leading to toxic liver injury.

PMID- 4060151
TI  - Visual deficits and retinotoxicity caused by the naturally occurring
      anthelmintics, Embelia ribes and Hagenia abyssinica.
AB  - The naturally occurring anthelmintics, Embelia ribes (Enkoko) and Hagenia
      abyssinica (Kosso), have been reported to possibly cause optic atrophy among the
      Ethiopian population. In this study we found retinal pathology and defects in
      visual behavior in chicks treated with Enkoko, Kosso, or embelin, a crystalline
      extract of E. ribes. The chicks were fed orally with a high dose of 0.25 g (5
      g/kg) or a low dose of 0.025 g (0.5 g/kg) per day of Enkoko or Kosso, beginning
      on Day 2 of life. The high dose for Enkoko was administered for 1 or 5 days,
      while that for Kosso was administered for 1 or 9 days. For the low dose of both
      Enkoko and Kosso, the dosing regime was for a period of 1, 4, or 9 days. Embelin
      was administered at a dose of 0.001 g (0.02 g/kg) per day for 9 days. Control
      chicks were force fed an equivalent amount of chick feed. Treatment with Enkoko
      or Kosso significantly reduced the ability of chicks to detect a moving bead
      introduced into the peripheral field of vision. The degree of constriction of the
      visual field for detection was dependent upon the total amount of drug
      administered. Performance on a visual discrimination task, which required
      discrimination of feed grains from pebbles, was also impaired in chicks treated
      with total doses of 0.200 and 0.250 g of Enkoko or Kosso. Thus, the extent of
      deficit in visually guided tasks was found to be dose dependent. The visual
      deficits observed in Enkoko-treated chicks were mimicked by embelin, which
      suggests that embelin may be responsible for the visual defects. Anatomical
      evidence of degeneration of ganglion cells was found in retinae exposed to high
      doses of Enkoko (1.25 g) and Kosso (2.25 g). However, no retinal lesions were
      detected in chicks following treatment with cumulative doses of less than 0.25 g
      of Enkoko or Kosso. Similarly, retinal pathology was not observed in embelin
      exposed retinae.

PMID- 4060153
TI  - Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride protects rats from Mipafox-induced delayed
      neuropathy.
AB  - Initiation of organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) is thought to
      consist of two molecular events involving the phosphorylation of the target
      enzyme, neurotoxic esterase, or neuropathy target enzyme (NTE), and a subsequent
      "aging" reaction which transforms the inhibited NTE into a charged moiety
      critical to the neuropathic process. Compounds that inhibit NTE but cannot age
      because of their chemical structure abort this two-stage initiation process, and
      when administered before a neurotoxic organophosphorus compound (OP), protect
      against the neuropathy by blocking NTE's active site (Johnson, 1970). In support
      of this, we report that prior exposure to a nonaging NTE inhibitor,
      phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), protects rats from neurological damage
      after subsequent exposure to a neurotoxic OP, Mipafox. Adult, male, Long Evans
      rats were exposed to either PMSF (250 mg/kg, sc) or to Mipafox (15 mg/kg, ip) and
      a time course of brain NTE inhibition and recovery was defined. A separate group
      of PMSF-treated rats was exposed to Mipafox when brain NTE inhibition was 87.7 +/
      2.3%. Conversely, another group of rats, pretreated with Mipafox, was dosed with
      PMSF when NTE inhibition was 90.2 +/- 0.8%. A third group of animals, treated
      with PMSF, was exposed to Mipafox 14 days later, when NTE activity had recovered
      to within 10 +/- 4.2% of control amounts. Histopathological survey (14 to 21 days
      post-exposure) indicated severe cervical cord damage (damage score greater than
      or equal to 3) in the following frequencies: PMSF, 0%; Mipafox, 85%; PMSF-4 hr
      Mipafox, 0%; Mipafox-4 hr-PMSF, 100%; PMSF-14 days-Mipafox, 75%; controls, 0%.
      These data indicate that PMSF pretreatment protects rats against Mipafox-induced
      neurological damage and that the timing of administration and order of
      presentation are critical to this protection. These results support the
      hypothesis that the initiation of OPIDN is a multistage event involving
      inhibition and aging, and these stages are experimentally separable.

PMID- 4060152
TI  - Hepatic metabolism of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in the rat and
      guinea pig.
AB  - Marked interspecies variability exists in the acute toxicity of 2,3,7,8
      tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), with the rat having an LD50 about 25-fold
      greater than the guinea pig. The metabolism of TCDD was examined by incubating
      hepatocytes isolated from these animals with purified [14C]TCDD (2.2 microM) for
      8 hr. Over the 8-hr incubation, cytochrome P-450 content and ethoxyresorufin O
      deethylase and benzphetamine N-demethylase activities were well maintained,
      indicating the functional viability of the hepatocytes. Quantitative differences
      were observed in the rate of [14C]TCDD metabolism, with hepatocytes from control
      rats metabolizing TCDD at a rate 2.8-fold greater than hepatocytes from control
      guinea pigs. The role of the hepatic cytochrome P-450-448-dependent monooxygenase
      system in the metabolism of TCDD was examined through the use of hepatocytes
      isolated from animals pretreated with either TCDD (5 micrograms/kg, ip; 72 hr
      prior to hepatocyte isolation) or phenobarbital (80 mg/kg, ip X 3 days; 24 hr
      prior to isolation). The rate of [14C]TCDD metabolite formation in hepatocytes
      from TCDD pretreated guinea pigs (0.26 +/- 0.14 pmol mg cell protein-1 hr-1) was
      unchanged from the control rate (0.25 +/- 0.07), while the rate in hepatocytes
      from TCDD pretreated rats (2.26 +/- 0.43 pmol mg-1 hr-1) was 3.2-fold greater
      than control (0.70 +/- 0.10) and nine times greater than in hepatocytes from TCDD
      pretreated guinea pigs. In addition, significant differences were observed in the
      profiles of the metabolites formed by hepatocytes from TCDD-pretreated rats and
      guinea pigs. On the other hand, phenobarbital pretreatment produced little change
      in the rate of [14C]TCDD metabolism in rat hepatocytes (0.98 +/- 0.13 pmol mg-1
      hr-1). These results suggest that TCDD may be metabolized by a TCDD inducible
      form of cytochrome P-448 which is expressed in the rat but not in the guinea pig.
      Furthermore, the differences in the hepatic metabolism of TCDD in the rat and
      guinea pig and in the ability of TCDD to induce its own rate of metabolism may
      play a major role in explaining the varying susceptibility of these species to
      the acute toxicity of TCDD.

PMID- 4060155
TI  - Mechanism for 6-methylcoumarin photoallergenicity.
AB  - 6-Methylcoumarin (6-MC), a synthetic fragrance material, has been reported to be
      photoallergenic both in man and in guinea pigs. To elucidate the possible
      mechanism of photoallergenicity, 6-MC in ethanolic solution was exposed to 200
      joules/cm2 of long-wavelength ultraviolet (UV) ranging from 320 to 400 nm for 16
      hr, and was examined for its contact allergenicity by means of a modified guinea
      pig maximization test. Strong allergic responses were observed, indicating that
      UV plays a catalytic role in forming contact allergens during irradiation. The
      solution was fractionated to isolate and purify contact sensitizers by gel
      permeation chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. By
      employing mass spectrometry and proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance,
      mono- and diethyl esters of 6-MC dimer were compounds identified which showed
      allergic reactions in guinea pigs sensitized with UV-irradiated 6-MC.

PMID- 4060157
TI  - Potentiation of 2,5-hexanedione neurotoxicity by methyl ethyl ketone.
AB  - Chronic oral administration of a combination of 2.2 mmol methyl ethyl ketone
      (MEK) and 2.2 mmol 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD)/kg/day, 5 days/week resulted in more
      rapid onset of motor deficits than did chronic dosing with 2.2 mmol 2,5-HD/kg/day
      alone. In kinetic studies blood time courses of 2,5-HD were determined in rats in
      the presence and absence of MEK. Concomitant administration of MEK reduced blood
      2,5-HD clearance and increased the area under the curve (AUC) for the blood 2,5
      HD. In companion experiments with 2,5-[1,6-14C]HD as a tracer, neural and
      nonneural tissues were examined 72 hr following the last treatment at Weeks 1, 2,
      and 3 of chronic administration of 2,5-HD alone or in combination with an
      equimolar dose of MEK. Rats treated with 2,5-[14C]HD alone or in combination with
      MEK demonstrated no difference in total or trichloroacetic acid-precipitable
      radioactivity in blood, in liver homogenates, or in neurofilament-enriched
      fractions from sciatic nerve and spinal cord. The data support a suggestion that
      the potentiation of hexacarbon neurotoxicity by MEK is the result of the
      persistence of the neurotoxic metabolite in the blood and not the enhanced
      metabolism of parent hexacarbon to 2,5-HD.

PMID- 4060154
TI  - Toxicity of triorganotin compounds: comparative in vivo studies with a series of
      trialkyltin compounds and triphenyltin chloride in male rats.
AB  - In 2-week feeding studies, a series of trialkyltin chlorides and triphenyltin
      chloride were fed to male weanling rats at different dietary concentrations to
      evaluate their toxic effects, especially on the brains and the lymphoid organs,
      thymus and spleen. The lower trialkyltin homologs, trimethyltin chloride (TMTC)
      and triethyltin chloride (TETC), were neurotoxic, causing neuronal degradation
      and cerebral edema, respectively, at dietary concentrations of 15 ppm. The
      intermediate homologs, tri-n-propyltin chloride (TPTC) and tri-n-butyltin
      chloride (TBTC), and the aromatic compound, triphenyltin chloride (TPhTC), caused
      a dose-related reduction of thymus weight. At a dietary concentration of 150 ppm
      decreases in thymus weight to 53, 39, and 81% of controls were found following
      treatment with TPTC, TBTC, and TPhTC, respectively. Microscopically, thymus
      atrophy was associated with a lymphocyte depletion in the thymic cortex. Only 16%
      of the total number of nucleated thymocytes could be isolated from rats fed 150
      ppm TBTC. These effects were completely reversed within 2 weeks. Slight thymus
      atrophy was observed after feeding a relatively high dose of 150 mg tri-n
      hexyltin chloride (THTC)/kg diet, whereas tri-n-octyltin chloride (TOTC) was
      ineffective. A dose-related decrease in spleen weight was noticed after 2 weeks
      feeding of TPTC, TBTC, and TPhTC. Liver weights were increased in rats fed TBTC,
      THTC, and TPhTC for 2 weeks. Nevertheless, no enlarged livers and normal spleen
      weights were found upon feeding 100 ppm TPTC or TBTC for 4 weeks, whereas thymus
      weight was severely decreased. Therefore, atrophy of the thymus was considered to
      be the predominant effect of the intermediate trialkyltins (TPTC, TBTC). From
      this study it is concluded that the lower trialkyltins (TMTC, TETC) are
      essentially neurotoxic, the intermediate trialkytins (TPTC, TBTC) and
      triphenyltin are primarily immunotoxic, and the higher homologs (THTC, TOTC) are
      only slightly toxic or not toxic at all.

PMID- 4060156
TI  - Kinetic analysis of inhibition of brain and red blood cell acetylcholinesterase
      and plasma cholinesterase by acephate or methamidophos.
AB  - In this investigation of two insecticides, methamidophos was at least 75 to 100
      times more potent an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and cholinesterase
      (ChE) than was acephate. For brain samples, the bimolecular rate constant values
      (Ki) in the presence of acephate and methamidophos were 0.06 and 6.3 microM-1 X
      min-1, respectively. The affinity (as measured by Ka values) of acephate was
      greater than that of methamidophos to both the AChE and the ChE active sites. The
      difference in potencies of the two insecticides was entirely the result of a
      difference in the rate of their phosphorylation (Kp) of AChE. The Kp values in
      the presence of acephate and methamidophos for brain samples were 14.3 and 0.13
      min-1, respectively. The inhibition potency [as measured by Ki and the
      concentration required to cause 50% inhibition in AChE or ChE activity (IC50
      values)] of methamidophos, but not of acephate, increased by lengthening the
      enzyme-inhibitor incubation time. This increase in potency was the result of an
      increase in Kp. The results indicate that brain AChE was relatively more
      sensitive than red blood cell (RBC) AChE to this insecticide. Variations in the
      sensitivities of brain and RBC AChE activities to these insecticides are because
      of differences in the affinity of insecticides to the enzyme's active site. The
      Ki and IC50 values for plasma ChE were altered by changing the substrate. The
      differences in the sensitivities of acetylthiocholine (ATCh), butyrylthiocholine
      (BTCh), and propionylthiocholine (PTCh) hydrolyzing activities of plasma to
      exposure to methamidophos were because of differences in Ka and Kp values.
      However, differences in the sensitivities of BTCh or PTCh hydrolyzing activity of
      plasma to exposure to acephate cannot be attributed entirely to differences in Ka
      and Kp values.

PMID- 4060158
TI  - Inhibition of human glutathione S-transferases by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4
      D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4,5-T).
AB  - The phenoxyacid herbicides, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D) and 2,4,5
      trichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4,5-T), inhibit all known isoenzymes of human liver
      and erythrocyte glutathione (GSH) S-transferase. However, the maximal inhibition
      and the I50 values vary significantly for different isoenzymes. GSH peroxidase II
      activity of GSH S-transferases is also inhibited by both these compounds. These
      studies suggest that the effect of these compounds on human GSH S-transferases is
      significantly different from that reported for rat liver enzymes.

PMID- 4060160
TI  - Dermal toxicity of ammonium perfluorooctanoate.
AB  - Ammonium perfluorooctanoate (CAS Registry No. 3825-26-2) is used commercially in
      the aqueous polymerization of fluorinated monomers. Because the chemical exists
      as a fine white powder which can come in contact with skin, its dermal toxicology
      was studied in rabbits and rats. Dermal applications of 0.5 g for 24 hr produced
      mild irritation to rabbit skin. The dermal LD50 was 4300 mg/kg for rabbits, 7000
      mg/kg for male rats, and greater than 7500 mg/kg for female rats. Rat skin showed
      less irritation than rabbit skin and the general effects were more pronounced for
      the male (compared to the female) rat. Subchronic dermal treatment (10
      applications, 5 doses, 2 rest days, 5 doses) with either 0, 20, 200, or 2000
      mg/kg resulted in no, no, mild, or marked decreases in body weights,
      respectively. Increases in serum enzyme activities indicating hepatic effects
      occurred in treated rats. Liver weights were increased and necrosis and
      enlargement of hepatocytes were microscopically observed. Rats in the 2000 mg/kg
      dose group also had epidermal necrosis at the application site. Blood
      organofluorine amounts were increased in a dose-related manner. All of the
      treatment-related toxicity findings resolved during a 42-day recovery period
      although prior exposure was evident by the presence of organofluorine in the
      blood.

PMID- 4060159
TI  - The effect of age on salicylate-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats.
AB  - The administration of 500 mg/kg sodium [14C]salicylate to 3- and 12-month-old
      male rats produced proximal tubular necrosis in the older animals but only mild
      nonspecific cellular changes in the younger group. The onset of renal damage was
      similar for both 3- and 12-month-old rats but recovery time was prolonged in the
      older rats. Covalent binding of salicylate equivalents was present in renal
      cortices from all rats and was largely confined to the mitochondrial fraction;
      however, older rats displayed five times more binding to this organelle than
      younger rats. Also the mitochondrial pathway for salicylurate synthesis was
      significantly inhibited in the older animals. These results demonstrate the
      existence of an age-dependent susceptibility to salicylate nephrotoxicity and
      suggest that mitochondrial injury may play an important role in the development
      of salicylate-induced proximal tubular necrosis.

PMID- 4060161
TI  - Effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and fasting on body weight
      and lipid parameters in rats.
AB  - This study compared the effect of fasting (feed deprivation) and the effect of
      exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on body weight and on key
      lipid parameters. The time-course study indicated a statistically significant (p
      less than 0.05) body weight loss in the TCDD-exposed rats 5 days after the oral
      administration of corn oil with TCDD (60 micrograms/kg body wt). Animals
      demonstrated a 10% body weight decrease either 1 week after this TCDD
      administration or after 72 hr of fasting. Marked increases in serum triglyceride
      and cholesterol were observed only in the TCDD-exposed rats, but not in the 0- or
      72-hr fasted control rats. These results indicated that some body weight loss and
      decreased feed consumption occurred after TCDD exposure, but that the metabolic
      response, with respect to serum lipid metabolism, was not that of a control rat
      that had lost a similar amount of body weight due solely to fasting.

PMID- 4060162
TI  - Glucocorticoid induction of cleft palate after treatment with titanocene
      dichloride?
AB  - The serum concentrations of cortisol, aldosterone, progesterone and
      catecholamines were determined 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 and 48 h after application
      of single doses of titanocene dichloride (60 mg/kg) and of cisplatinum (10 mg/kg)
      to non-pregnant and to pregnant mice (treatment on day 10 of gestation). Whereas
      cisplatinum administration did not alter the serum content of these hormones,
      titanocene dichloride induced 5-6-fold increases in serum cortisol concentration
      of pregnant as well as of non-pregnant mice within 1-2 h after substance
      application. The serum levels of aldosterone, progesterone and catecholamines
      were not influenced by treatment with titanocene dichloride. It is supposed that
      the augmentation of cortisol in the serum is due to a rapid release of cortisol
      from the suprarenal glands after application of titanocene dichloride, thus
      mediating indirectly the induction of cleft palate in mice.

PMID- 4060164
TI  - Role of glutathione depletion in the cytotoxicity of acetaminophen in a primary
      culture system of rat hepatocytes.
AB  - A primary culture system of postnatal rat hepatocytes was utilized to study the
      cytotoxicity of acetaminophen and the toxicological significance of glutathione
      (GSH) depletion. The relative time of onset and magnitude of GSH depletion, lipid
      peroxidation and cytotoxicity were contrasted in order to gain insight into their
      interrelationships. Exposure of the hepatocytes to acetaminophen resulted in time
      and dose-dependent depletion of cellular GSH. The acetaminophen-induced GSH
      depletion and ensuing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage were quite modest and
      delayed in onset, in contrast to that caused by iodoacetamide (IAA) and by
      diethylmaleate (DEM), 2 well-known depletors of GSH. There was comparable LDH
      leakage, irrespective of drug treatment, when GSH levels decreased to about 20%
      of normal. Reduction of GSH levels below the 20% threshold by IAA treatment
      resulted in marked LDH leakage and loss of viability. Maximal LDH leakage in
      response to IAA and acetaminophen preceded maximal malondialdehyde (MDA)
      formation, suggesting that lipid peroxidation may be a consequence of cell damage
      as well as GSH depletion. IAA and DEM produced a comparable, modest accumulation
      of MDA, yet IAA was much more cytotoxic. These findings indicate that lipid
      peroxidation does not play a central role in hepatocellular injury by compounds
      which deplete GSH, although it may contribute to degeneration of the cell. As
      events in the cultured postnatal hepatocytes paralleled those reported in vivo,
      the system can be a useful and valid model with which to study mechanisms of
      chemical toxicity.

PMID- 4060163
TI  - Interactions between metals in rat jejunum: implications on the nature of cadmium
      uptake.
AB  - Cadmium uptake from the lumen of the rat jejunum is characterized by apparent
      saturability and by sensitivity to inhibition by Zn and Ca. A variety of other
      heavy metals also inhibit intestinal Cd transport. The hypothesis was tested that
      Cd competes with other metals for their transport systems. The observed
      discrepancy between the apparent Ki and Km values for interaction between Cd and
      Zn argues against competition. Further, inhibition of Cd uptake by Zn, Ca and La
      is independent of Cd concentration over the range in which the system approaches
      partial apparent saturation (5-100 microM). Relatively high concentrations of
      other polyvalent cations, including Cd itself and Pb, Ni, Cr3+, Sr, Mg and
      polylysine, also depress 109Cd uptake. The possibility is suggested that these
      cations non-specifically neutralize membrane charges, and thus interfere with
      membrane binding and subsequent internalization of 109Cd. This explanation
      obviates the need for the unlikely assumption that specific membrane carriers
      exist to facilitate uptake of a toxic and non-essential metal like Cd.

PMID- 4060168
TI  - Cadmium found in non-soluble fraction of kidney homogenates and its relation to
      renal dysfunction after cadmium-cysteine administration.
AB  - The critical concentration of cadmium (Cd) in the kidney after acute
      administration of Cd-cysteine (Cys) is 10 micrograms/g wet wt in whole kidney and
      is equal to that following Cd-thionein (Th) injection. This fact suggests that
      the nephrotoxicity of Cd-Th may be due to the Cd ions liberated from Cd-Th. To
      clarify the mechanism of the nephrotoxicity, the subcellular distribution of Cd
      injected as Cd-Cys was determined between supernatant and sediment fractions.
      Renal Cd level observed at 4 h increased with dose, but the Cd concentration in
      the supernatant fraction was kept almost constant at higher doses. Renal
      dysfunction measured by urinary protein and glucose levels was seen at the higher
      doses. This suggested that Cd in the sediment fraction of the kidney homogenates
      may be the ultimate cause for the nephrotoxicity of Cd-Cys. The sedimental Cd was
      eliminated from the kidney by 24 h. Much of the Cd found in the supernatant
      fraction was bound to high-molecular-weight proteins (HMWP) at 4 h, and almost
      all Cd ions were found to be bound to metallothionein at 24 h. Therefore, the
      HMWP-bound Cd in the supernatant fraction also may be a cause for the renal
      dysfunction. It is concluded that in addition to the HMWP-bound Cd in the
      supernatant fraction, CD distribution into the sediment fraction should be
      considered as a factor in causing nephrotoxicity after Cd-Cys and possibly Cd-Th
      administration.

PMID- 4060166
TI  - Benzyl acetate carcinogenicity, metabolism, and disposition in Fischer 344 rats
      and B6C3F1 mice.
AB  - Carcinogenesis studies of benzyl acetate (a fragrance and flavoring agent) were
      conducted in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. The chemical was given in corn oil by
      gavage once daily, 5 days/week for 103 weeks, to groups of 50 animals of each sex
      and species. For rats the doses were 0, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight and for
      mice the doses were 0, 500, and 1000 mg/kg. Mean body weights of control and
      dosed rats and mice were not affected adversely by benzyl acetate. The survival
      of control and low dose female mice was lower than that of the high dose group. A
      genital tract infection may have contributed to the reduced survival. No other
      significant difference in survival was observed for dosed rats or mice. Benzyl
      acetate was absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of rats and mice, with
      approximately 90% of the administered dose recovered as various metabolites in
      the urine within 24 h. The primary metabolite was hippuric acid, with minor
      amounts of a mercapturic acid, and one or more unidentified metabolites. This
      capacity for absorption, metabolism, and disposition was unaffected by the amount
      or number of doses administered. Under the conditions of these studies, benzyl
      acetate administration was associated with an increased incidence of acinar cell
      adenoma of the exocrine pancreas in male F344/N rats. No evidence of
      carcinogenicity was found for female F344/N rats. For male and female B6C3F1 mice
      there was evidence of carcinogenicity, in that benzyl acetate caused an increased
      incidence of hepatocellular neoplasms (particularly adenomas) and squamous cell
      neoplasms of the forestomach.

PMID- 4060165
TI  - Exaggerated nicotine-induced norepinephrine release from atherosclerotic rabbit
      hearts.
AB  - Excessive cigarette smoking acts synergistically with atheromatous coronary
      artery disease to greatly enhance the risk of acute myocardial infarction. To
      explore a possible mechanism of this relation, the present study tested the
      hypotheses that diet-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits is associated with an
      increase in myocardial (-)-norepinephrine content and that the increased (-)
      norepinephrine can be released by nicotine. Adult male rabbits were rendered
      atherosclerotic by feeding them a standard laboratory diet enriched with 2%
      cholesterol. After 12-13 weeks on the diet, hearts were excised and retroperfused
      according to the Langendorff technique. There were no differences between control
      and atherosclerotic animals in terms of baseline (-)-norepinephrine concentration
      in the coronary effluent. However, increases in effluent (-)-norepinephrine
      concentration provoked by 10 micrograms and 30 micrograms nicotine were
      significantly greater in atherosclerotic hearts than in controls. Similarly,
      myocardial tissue from atherosclerotic animals contained significantly more (-)
      norepinephrine than controls. These observations suggest that diet-induced
      atherosclerosis in rabbits is associated with an increase in myocardial (-)
      norepinephrine content and that the augmented (-)-norepinephrine pool can be
      mobilized by nicotine.

PMID- 4060167
TI  - Cellular localization of metallothionein in the lung following repeated cadmium
      inhalation.
AB  - Cadmium and metallothionein (MT) levels were measured in lungs derived from Lewis
      rats exposed 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 24, or 30 times to a Cd acetate aerosol (1.6
      mg/m3). Cd burden rose from 2.21 micrograms in control lungs to 42.55 micrograms
      in lungs of animals exposed 30 times to the Cd aerosol. Pulmonary MT, expressed
      as nmoles Cd-thionein, paralleled Cd retention. Levels increased from 7.5 nmol in
      control animals to a value of 340.5 nmol in animals exposed 30 times to Cd.
      Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis and the laser micro-probe analyzer were
      used to localize Cd within the lung. Lung tissue was prepared by a variety of
      chemical and physical fixation procedures. Cd localization proved unsuccessful by
      these techniques, presumably because the cellular Cd levels were below the limits
      of detectability. Using a immunohistochemical procedure which employed an
      antibody to MT, pulmonary MT was found in alveolar epithelial cells, fibroblasts,
      and lymphocytes. The MT was restricted to the nuclei of these cells.

PMID- 4060171
TI  - Alterations of alveolar macrophage function and level of bronchopulmonary
      protease inhibitors in O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate-induced lung injury.
AB  - O,O,S-Trimethyl phosphorothioate (OOS-TMP), an impurity present in widely used
      organophosphorus insecticides, has been shown to induce pneumotoxicity after oral
      administration. To date very little is known about the pathogenesis of the
      injury. Protease-anti-protease imbalance has been proposed as a mechanism of
      various lung injuries; thus, the effect of OOS-TMP on alpha 1-protease inhibitor
      capacity, pulmonary alveolar macrophage (PAM) esterases, cytotoxic activity and
      on specific esterase inhibitors in the bronchopulmonary lavage fluid and serum
      were measured. OOS-TMP (20 mg/kg) administered orally to rats produced a 27%
      increase in PAM esterase activity 6 h after treatment. The activity then declined
      to 63% of control value on day 3 and had not recovered to any significant extent
      on day 7. The cytotoxic activity of PAM was significantly increased at 6 h and 24
      h following treatment. Chymotrypsin inhibitory capacity (CIC) of the lavage fluid
      was decreased by 45% at 6 h but recovered rapidly and reached control levels by
      24 h. Trypsin inhibitory capacity (TIC) of serum was affected to a lesser extent
      such that no change was detected after 6, 12 or 24 h. These data, early elevation
      of PAM esterase levels with a concomitant increase in cytotoxic activity and
      decreased TIC and CIC in bronchopulmonary lavage fluid, support the view that
      pathogenesis of OOS-TMP produced lung injury could be due to increased protease
      levels.

PMID- 4060174
TI  - The 8th World Congress on Animal, Plant and Microbial Toxins. Newcastle upon
      Tyne, U.K., 11-16 August 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4060173
TI  - Partial insomnia, hyperactivity and hyperdipsia induced by repeated
      administration of toluene in rats: their relation to brain monoamine metabolism.
AB  - In an attempt to examine chronic effects of toluene on sleep, spontaneous
      locomotor activity and drinking behavior, rats were repeatedly administered
      toluene i.p. at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight for 14 consecutive days.
      The 200-mg/kg injections induced a decrease in total sleep on Day 1, an increase
      in locomotor activity on Days 1 through 4 and an increase in drinking activity on
      Days 0 through 6 after discontinuation of the daily injections. Both the reduced
      sleep and the increased locomotor activity appeared during the light period,
      whereas the drinking activity increased during the dark period. In order to find
      neurochemical correlates of the toluene-induced changes in behavior, regional
      concentrations of brain monoamines and their metabolites were determined. The
      toluene-induced partial insomnia and hyperactivity were associated with lowered
      concentrations of serotonin in frontal cortex, hippocampus and midbrain and 5
      hydroxyindoleacetic acid in midbrain and hypothalamus. The increased drinking
      activity was associated with increased concentrations of striatal 3,4-dihydroxy
      phenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid and hypothalamic noradrenaline and 3
      methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol. Central monoaminergic mechanisms were
      implicated in the toluene-induced partial insomnia, hyperactivity and
      hyperdipsia.

PMID- 4060175
TI  - Abstracts concerning snakebite presented at the XIth International Congress for
      Tropical Medicine and Malaria. 16-22 September 1984, Calgary, Canada.

PMID- 4060169
TI  - Neonatal exposure to toluene: effects on the development of liver microsomal
      cytochrome P-450 and serum hormone levels in the rat.
AB  - Lactating Sprague-Dawley rats and their pups were exposed on postnatal days 1-7,
      6 h/day, to 80, 500 and 1000 ppm toluene, respectively, by inhalation. Exposure
      to 80 ppm toluene decreased the liver microsomal AHH activity and the rate of 7
      alpha- and 6 beta-hydroxylation of androstenedione in 8-day-old-pups. On the
      other hand, neonatal exposure to 500 or 1000 ppm toluene resulted in a
      significant increase in AHH and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activities and in
      the formation of 16-oxygenated metabolites of androstenedione in 8-day-old
      animals. Exposure to toluene increased the cytochrome P-450 content at all 3 dose
      levels in male but not in female pups. Twenty-one days after neonatal exposure no
      such effects were seen in young animals of either sex. In 56-day-old male rats,
      however, neonatal exposure to 80 ppm toluene resulted in a decreased rate of 6
      beta-hydroxylation of androstenedione and a reduced AHH activity. No such effects
      were seen in female rats of the same age. Neonatal exposure to toluene affected
      the body and liver weights in 8-day-old pups of both sexes but had no effect on
      these parameters in 21-day-old animals of either sex. Exposure to 80 ppm toluene
      during the neonatal period gave a significantly increased body weight of 56-day
      old male but not of female rats of the same age although this treatment increased
      liver weight in both sexes at this age. Serum testosterone levels were decreased
      in 21-day-old male rats following neonatal exposure to 80 or 500 ppm toluene and
      in 56-day-old male rats exposed neonatally to 1000 ppm toluene. In conclusion,
      exposure to toluene during the first week of life caused significant changes in
      various liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 dependent enzyme activities in 8-day
      old pups, whereas the long-term effects on liver metabolism of the adult animal
      were small.

PMID- 4060170
TI  - Effect of succinimide ring modification on N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide
      induced nephrotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley and Fischer 344 rats.
AB  - N-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) has proven to be an effective
      experimental agricultural fungicide. However, NDPS produces marked nephrotoxicity
      in Sprague-Dawley and Fischer 344 rats. The purpose of this study was to
      determine the importance of an intact, unsubstituted succinimide ring for acute
      NDPS-induced nephrotoxicity. Structural modifications included ring opening,
      reduction of one or both carbonyl groups, breaking the ethylene carbon-carbon
      bond and mono- or dialkyl substitution on the succinimide ring. Sprague-Dawley or
      Fischer 344 rats were administered NDPS or an NDPS analog (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 or
      1.0 mmol/kg) or sesame oil (2.5 ml/kg, i.p.) and renal function was monitored at
      24 h and 48 h. All structural modifications produced compounds with markedly
      reduced nephrotoxic potential in both Sprague-Dawley and Fischer 344 rats when
      compared to NDPS. However, N,N-diacetyl-3,5-dichloroaniline and N-(3,5
      dichlorophenyl)pyrrolidine-2-one were more lethal than NDPS. The reduced renal
      effects of the NDPS analogs did not correlate with lipophilic character. These
      results indicate that an intact, unsubstituted succinimide ring is optimal for
      acute NDPS-induced nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 4060172
TI  - The tissue distribution of diazinon and the inhibition of blood cholinesterase
      activities in rats and mice receiving a single intraperitoneal dose of diazinon.
AB  - The tissue distribution of diazinon and the inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE)
      activities in plasma, erythrocyte and brain were investigated using male rats and
      mice which received a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of diazinon (20 or 100
      mg/kg body wt) in olive oil. The blood diazinon level was estimated to reach a
      maximum at 1-2 h after the i.p. administration. It was demonstrated that the
      diazinon residue levels are the highest in the kidney, when comparing the
      distribution of diazinon among liver, kidney and brain in the animals after
      dosing. It was indicated that the ChE inhibition by diazinon exposure is greater
      in the plasma than in the erythrocytes for male mice, while its inhibition is
      greater in the erythrocytes for male rats. Brain ChE activity was also inhibited
      markedly in the mice after dosing.

PMID- 4060176
TI  - Myonecrosis, myoglobinuria and acute renal failure induced by South American
      rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus) envenomation in Brazil.
AB  - The venom of the Brazilian rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus is know to
      have hemolytic and neurotoxic physiopathological activities which may cause acute
      renal failure with hemoglobinuria and/or methemoglobinuria. As far as we know, no
      report has been published on the ability of the venom of this rattlesnake species
      to cause rhabdomyolysis. In the present paper we demonstrate that the venom of
      Brazilian snakes of the genus Crotalus can induce systemic myonecrosis. Clinical,
      laboratory and anatomo-pathological data for two patients referred to the
      University Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of
      Sao Paulo, 24 hr after a rattlesnake bite, are presented. In both cases,
      exaggerated elevation of serum levels of the enzymes creatine phosphokinase,
      lactate dehydrogenase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase were detected, as
      well as data suggesting acute hypercatabolic renal failure. Immunoelectrophoresis
      of the serum and urine of these patients, carried out against specific anti
      myoglobin serum (Behringwerke), demonstrated myoglobinemia and myoglobinuria,
      confirming injury to muscle tissue. Electron microscopy of a calf muscle biopsy
      taken from the leg contralateral to the bite from one patient revealed foci of
      myonecrosis.

PMID- 4060177
TI  - Neutralization of saxitoxin by anti-saxitoxin rabbit serum.
AB  - This study examined the ability of anti-saxitoxin rabbit serum to neutralize
      saxitoxin, both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, two rabbit antisera decreased
      [3H]-saxitoxin binding to specific sites in rat brain membranes. The more potent
      of these sera, antiserum A, when combined with saxitoxin in vitro, decreased
      saxitoxin's lethal potency based on mouse bioassay. Antiserum A also neutralized
      saxitoxin in vivo, as illustrated by the fact that mice injected i.p. with
      antiserum A (1:4) survived a s.c. injection 1 hr later of 16.7 micrograms
      saxitoxin/kg (1 LD99). Finally, antiserum A prevented death when injected i.v.
      immediately after s.c. injection of 16.7 micrograms saxitoxin/kg, however,
      antiserum injected by the i.p. and i.m. routes caused no significant increase in
      survival. This study indicates that antiserum can neutralize saxitoxin both in
      vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 4060178
TI  - The effect of antivenin on intramuscular pressure elevations induced by
      rattlesnake venom.
AB  - The dose of an antivenin required to neutralize a clinical case of venom
      poisoning, as well as determining the timing or need to initiate antivenin
      treatment, is frequently difficult to objectively ascertain. In this study, venom
      from the southern Pacific rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis helleri, was injected
      into 29 dog hind limb anterolateral compartments. A solution of C. v. helleri
      venom (15 mg/ml) was prepared using dessicated venom and saline; 0.2 ml were
      injected sub-fascially so that each of the compartments received 3 mg of venom.
      In one group no antivenin was given, in a second group four vials of antivenin
      were administered i.v. 1 hr post-injection, and in the final group eight vials of
      antivenin were administered i.v. 1 hr following venom injection. In all groups
      intracompartment pressures, limb girth and surface temperature were measured at
      regular intervals over the first 48 hr. In the group receiving eight vials of
      antivenin the intracompartment pressure reached a peak mean pressure of 49 mm Hg
      at 2 - 4 hr, and then rapidly fell. In those treated with none or four vials the
      pressure rose to 70 and 60 mm Hg, respectively, and remained elevated over the
      first 24 hr. The difference between the former and latter two groups is
      statistically significant. The findings indicate that the intracompartmental
      pressure, and presumably destructive damage of the venom, can be controlled by
      adequate levels of i.v. antivenin. Intracompartmental pressure measurements
      should be considered as an adjunct in the monitoring and decision-making
      processes for the treatment of patients bitten by rattlesnakes.

PMID- 4060179
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of an arginine ester hydrolase from the
      venom of the bushmaster snake, Lachesis muta noctivaga.
AB  - An arginine esterase was purified from the venom of Lachesis muta noctivaga by
      gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and by affinity and DEAE cellulose
      chromatography. The purified enzyme preparation had an arginyl esterase specific
      activity of 181 mumoles/min/mg, which was 10.9-fold higher than the esterase
      activity found in the crude venom. The enzyme is free of kinin-releasing activity
      (kininogenase) and thrombin-like activity (fibrinogenase). The purified fraction
      showed a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Km for Bz-L-Arg-O
      Et is 1.14 X 10(-3)M, Vm 181.7 mumoles/min/mg and Kcat 90.9 sec-1. The pH profile
      indicates that the enzyme has an active region centered at pH 8.1. L. muta
      noctivaga arginyl esterase is reversibly inhibited by benzamidine (Ki 8.9 X 10(
      4)M) and irreversibly inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate.

PMID- 4060180
TI  - Human envenomation from the bite of the eastern garter snake, Thamnophis s.
      sirtalis (Serpentes: Colubridae).
AB  - A 13-yr-old victim of a prolonged eastern garter snake (Thamnophis s. sirtalis)
      bite was hospitalized following development of coolness, edema and ecchymosis of
      the bitten hand. Although lymphatic involvement was noted, vital signs and
      laboratory tests were normal and rapid recovery followed. Subsequent asymptomatic
      Thamnophis bites of the subject indicate that these clinical changes were not
      allergic. This case from Delaware suggests that widespread toxicity within the
      genus is likely.

PMID- 4060181
TI  - DDT supports the growth of an estrogen-responsive tumor.
AB  - MT2 cells, a clonal cell line of MTW9/PL cells originally obtained from a mammary
      adenocarcinoma, from estrogen-responsive tumors in Wistar-Furth rats. o,p'-DDT
      supports MT2 tumor growth at a rate similar to 17 beta-estradiol. This effect of
      o,p'-DDT is dose-dependent and specific, since the DDT congener p,p'-DDD, which
      does not bind to tumor estrogen receptors, does not support tumor growth. This is
      the first demonstration that DDT can support the growth of an estrogen-responsive
      tumor.

PMID- 4060183
TI  - Lung hemorrhagic toxicity of butylated hydroxyanisole in the rat.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with butylated
      hydroxyanisole (BHA) at doses of 0, 1, 4, 16, 64, 256, 384, 576, 864, 1296 and
      1944 mg/kg/day for 7 days. Deaths occurred in a dose- and time-dependent manner
      when BHA was given in amounts greater than 576 mg/kg. The LD50 was 881 (484-1440)
      mg/kg. Intracranial hemorrhage was found in the dead rats, and lung hemorrhage
      was observed in the survivors given BHA at doses greater than 384 mg/kg/day.
      Histopathologically, intra-alveolar hemorrhages, thickening of alveoli and
      deposition of lipids in the lungs were observed. The prothrombin index was
      decreased only in rats given BHA at a level of 384 mg/kg/day. These observations
      suggest that BHA and/or its metabolite cause pulmonary hemorrhagic damage in
      rats. The mechanism of hemorrhage may be different from that of bleeding induced
      by butylated hydroxytoluene.

PMID- 4060182
TI  - Vinyl acetate: DNA-binding assay in vivo.
AB  - The question of carcinogenicity of vinyl acetate led us to perform a DNA binding
      assay in vivo in rats, using 14C-labelled vinyl acetate. After administration of
      [14C]vinyl acetate to male and female Fischer-344 rats, either orally or by
      inhalation, no specific hepatic DNA adducts, known to occur after administration
      of labelled vinyl halides or vinyl carbamates, could be detected in hepatic
      tissues.

PMID- 4060187
TI  - Erythromycin estolate-induced toxicity in cultured rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were exposed to several concentrations of
      erythromycin estolate (EE). Hepatotoxicity was evaluated using lactate
      dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and morphometric analysis of representative
      populations of cells examined optically. Results of the two techniques provided
      parallel information: cells exposed to the higher concentrations of EE had
      significantly greater LDH release and higher percentages of morphologically
      damaged cells. Planimetric analysis of a second set of hepatocytes showed
      increasing swelling of cells with increasing concentration of EE. Severe cellular
      swelling preceded disintegration, as hepatocytes became progressively more
      damaged by EE.

PMID- 4060185
TI  - Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis in an automobile body shop worker.
AB  - Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is often of uncertain etiology and is
      therefore named 'idiopathic' pulmonary fibrosis. Some occupational exposures,
      however, are known to cause interstitial fibrosis, asbestos and silica being well
      known examples. We present clinical and pathological findings of a case with IPF
      and the results of microchemical analysis of inorganic particulate matter in the
      lung tissue. A very high lung burden of inorganic contaminants was found,
      including silica and metallic compounds. Emphasis is given to the importance of
      obtaining detailed occupational histories and conducting microchemical analysis
      of lung tissue in order to clarify etiological factors in cases with 'idiopathic'
      pulmonary fibrosis.

PMID- 4060184
TI  - The absorption and excretion of butylated hydroxyanisole in beagle dogs.
AB  - Recent studies have indicated that administration of [14C]butylated
      hydroxyanisole (BHA) to rats, either orally or by intraperitoneal (i.p.)
      injection, resulted in high retention of radioactivity in the forestomach. The
      present study was undertaken to investigate the fate of [14C]BHA in non-rodents.
      2 Groups of 5-mth-old male beagle dogs were fed a diet containing either 3% or
      0.03% BHA for 7 days, and were injected i.p. with 3-tert-[methyl-14C]butyl-4
      hydroxyanisole (Amersham International) at a dose of 30 muCi/kg. On the 7th day
      after [14C]BHA injection, all dogs were killed after fasting overnight, and the
      liver, kidney, heart, fat tissue and stomach were collected for radioanalysis. An
      additional 3 beagles served as control group. The fate of BHA after the single
      i.p. injection of [14C]BHA was examined by the determination of 14C-radioactivity
      in whole body, blood, urine, feces and several tissues. Blood, urine and feces
      samples were collected daily for 7 days. Blood samples were collected at
      intervals for 24 h. BHA was rapidly taken up in the bloodstream, and 50-80% of
      the total radioactivity was recovered in the urine within 2 days. 15-30% Appeared
      in the feces within 2 days. The tissue distribution of radioactivity 7 days after
      [14C]BHA injection showed only a small portion remaining in the stomach (0.16
      0.19% of dose/g), liver (0.3-1.7%) and other tissues (0.02%). The radio-activity
      was almost evenly distributed in the three parts of the stomach (cardia, corpus
      and pylorus). These findings are in contrast with the previous data in rats that
      BHA can accumulate in high concentrations in the forestomach.

PMID- 4060186
TI  - Biliary excretion of nickel in rats.
AB  - Nickel (Ni) concentrations were determined by liquid scintillation spectrometry
      or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry in bile and plasma samples
      obtained from male rats following subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of 63NiCl2 (1.7
      mumol/kg) or non-radioactive NiCl2 (125 or 250 mumol/kg). During the intervals
      from 1-6 or 11-16 h post-injection, the bile:plasma ratios of Ni concentrations
      ranged from 0.045-0.13, and the excretory clearance of Ni in bile ranged from
      0.027-0.055 ml/h. The estimated biliary excretion of Ni in the 24 h post
      injection amounted to less than 0.5% of the respective doses of NiCl2. Contrary
      to previous findings with other divalent metal ions, this study shows that
      biliary excretion is quantitatively unimportant for the elimination of exogenous
      Ni(II) in rats.

PMID- 4060191
TI  - Sarin intoxication elevates plasma pralidoxime.
AB  - Groups of guinea pigs were injected with a range of dosages for sarin (0, 140,
      279, 557 micrograms/kg) followed by pralidoxime (2-PAM) and atropine sulfate (16
      mg/kg). Poisoning by sarin in these animals elevated plasma pralidoxime content
      in a dose-dependent manner within 10 min of intoxication. Plasma levels after
      administration of 3.12 mg/kg of 2-PAM were elevated from a control mean of 6.18
      micrograms/ml to a maximum of 13.78 micrograms/ml in animals given 557
      micrograms/kg of sarin at 2 min after the injection of the therapeutic compounds.
      This suggests that pathophysiological changes following intoxication by potent
      inhibitors of cholinesterase result in a decrease in the rate and extent of
      distribution of therapeutic compounds. This effect is most likely a consequence
      of changes in cardiovascular functions influencing blood flow to various organs.

PMID- 4060189
TI  - Nephrotoxic effect of trimethyltin in rats.
AB  - Male Wistar (Porton) rats were dosed by gavage with trimethyltin chloride in
      arachis oil at doses of 3, 6 and 10 mg/kg. Water consumption and urine production
      were monitored for 3 days after dosing and at the end of this period the rats
      were killed and the kidneys were examined histologically. Within 6 h of dosing
      there was an increase in urine production and in the pH of the urine in all
      treated groups. Within 24 h of dosing there was an increase in water consumption.
      Histopathological examination of the kidney at 3 days post-treatment showed
      nephrotoxic changes ranging from slight vacuolisation of the proximal tubular
      cells with loss of the brush borders in the 3 mg/kg group to extensive vacuolar
      degeneration with tubular dilation and evidence of cellular regeneration in the
      10 mg/kg group. The results suggest that trimethyltin causes a rapid kidney
      dysfunction in rats by cytotoxic action on the cells of the proximal tubular
      epithelium and that this action is dose-related.

PMID- 4060192
TI  - Development and sister chromatid exchange of mouse morulae and blastocysts
      cultured in rat serum containing active metabolites of cyclophosphamide.
AB  - To establish an in vitro test system in which sera from animals treated with
      various chemicals can be tested for embryotoxic effects during the
      preimplantation period, mouse morulae and blastocysts were cultured in the
      presence of rat serum (RS) from animals which had been treated with
      cyclophosphamide (CPA). Development during in vitro culture for 96 h, cell
      number, chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) were the end
      points tested in exposed embryos. SCE frequency was the most sensitive parameter,
      indicating embryotoxic effects in preimplantation mouse embryos after only 1 h of
      exposure to RS-CPA.

PMID- 4060188
TI  - Brain enzyme and clinical alterations induced in rats and mice by nitroaliphatic
      toxicants.
AB  - The effects of a single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of the nitroaliphatic
      toxicants 3-nitropropanol (NPOH) and 3-nitropropionic acid (NPA) dissolved in
      physiological saline solution were studied in mice and rats, respectively.
      Clinical signs observed in both NPOH-treated mice and NPA-treated rats included
      depression, abnormal motor activity, and recumbency. Succinate dehydrogenase
      (SDH) activity, demonstrated histochemically in frozen brain sections, was
      markedly reduced in intoxicated mice and rats. The SDH activity of mitochondrial
      preparations from brains of intoxicated mice and rats was diminished to 18-24% of
      control values, although the activity of another mitochondrial flavoprotein
      enzyme, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH), was not altered.

PMID- 4060190
TI  - Chilli extract treatment and induction of eye lesions in hamsters.
AB  - On chronic administration of 20 microliter of chilli extract to the cheek pouch
      of hamsters till death, 23% of the hamsters developed shrunken eye balls and
      closing of the eyelids. This effect was not observed in hamsters which received a
      single application of the potent carcinogen methylacetoxymethyl nitrosamine (DMN
      OAC) (2 mg/kg body wt.) prior to repeated treatment with chilli extract. Vitamin
      A levels decreased significantly in the liver tissue of chilli-treated and
      carcinogen + chilli-treated groups compared to absolute alcohol-treated and
      untreated groups, while serum Vitamin A values decreased only in the DMN-OAC +
      chilli-treated group. However, Vitamin A levels do not seem to be linked causally
      with the effect on the eyes of chilli-treated hamsters, because these hamsters
      had circulating levels of Vitamin A comparable to those observed in untreated and
      alcohol-treated groups.

PMID- 4060199
TI  - [Analysis of the recurrence pattern in Hodgkin's disease].
AB  - The data published about the healing chances of Hodgkin's disease cannot reflect
      reality since the evaluation includes also the technically preventable marginal
      recurrences. The analysis of 63 own cases furnishes the same result as far as
      only one true recurrence was found in the irradiated regions. Only in two
      patients we have seen a progression of the disease in lymph nodes beyond the
      extended field. The evaluation of our recurrences shows a clear pattern: in the
      individual cases, progression during radiotherapy and recurrences are very
      probably due to an understaging or to a problem concerning the dose.

PMID- 4060195
TI  - The teratogenic potential of alkoxy acids in post-implantation rat embryo
      culture: structure-activity relationships.
AB  - Alkoxy acids are the active metabolites of teratogenic glycol ethers. To examine
      the relationship of chemical structure to embryotoxicity, the effects of 6 acids
      on the development of 9.5-day rat embryos over 48 h in culture were studied.
      Methoxyacetic acid (MAA) and ethoxyacetic acid (EAA) (5 mM) were growth-retarding
      and induced gross structural defects, with MAA being more effective. n
      Propoxyacetic acid (n-PAA) and n-butoxyacetic acid (n-BAA) (5 mM) were markedly
      less embryotoxic and produced only minor anomalies. Thus, the activities of these
      substituted acetic acids decreased with the increase in the length of the alkoxy
      chain. 3-Methoxypropionic acid (3-MPA) and 4-methoxybutyric acid (4-MBA) (5 mM)
      were much less active than MAA and induced only minor defects. Therefore in this
      series: RO(CH2)nCOOH, an increase in the value of n caused a greater reduction in
      embryotoxicity than did an increase in chain length of the alkyl group R.

PMID- 4060196
TI  - Uncoupling of the calcium pump of the sarcoplasmic reticulum by kerosene.
AB  - The effect of kerosene on the calcium pump of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles was
      investigated. Kerosene induces an increase in the rates of ATP hydrolysis without
      a change in calcium influx, so there is an overall decrease in the efficiency of
      the pump. These effects are dose-dependent. Our findings imply that kerosene
      induces an effect on the membrane of vesicles, reducing or inhibiting net calcium
      accumulation. It is concluded that kerosene induces an 'uncoupling' of the
      calcium pump through an alteration in the permeability of the membrane.

PMID- 4060197
TI  - Thermoregulation in mice following acute chlordimeform administration.
AB  - CBA/J mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with the formamidine
      insecticide chlordimeform (CDM) while colonic temperature, preferred ambient
      temperature (Ta), and lethality were monitored. In the first experiment there was
      a dose-dependent decrease in colonic temperature when measured 60 min after
      administering CDM doses of 0, 15, 30, 60, and 75 mg/kg. The hypothermic effect of
      CDM was more pronounced at a Ta of 20 degrees C than at 30 degrees C. In the
      second experiment, CDM at doses greater than 30 mg/kg caused a dose-dependent
      reduction in preferred Ta from the normal value of approx. 30 degrees C to
      approx. 22 degrees C. Thus, the CDM-treated mouse lowered body temperature by
      selecting a cool Ta which accelerated the hypothermic effect. In the final
      experiment, a 90 mg/kg i.p. injection of CDM (the approximate LD50 dose) caused
      10% and 0% mortality at a Ta of 20 and 30 degrees C, respectively, and 80%
      mortality at a Ta of 35 degrees C. It is concluded that the physiological and
      behavioral response to CDM administration, i.e., selecting a cool Ta and lowering
      body temperature, may be beneficial to survival.

PMID- 4060194
TI  - Induction of cell damage by menadione and benzo(a)pyrene-3,6-quinone in cultures
      of adult rat hepatocytes and human fibroblasts.
AB  - The cytotoxicity of menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) and benzo(a)pyrene
      3,6-quinone (BP-3,6-Q) was tested in cultures of adult rat hepatocytes and human
      fibroblasts. Menadione induced DNA strand breaks, cell membrane damage and
      depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) in both hepatocytes and fibroblasts. In
      fibroblasts, effects on both DNA and membrane integrity were potentiated by the
      presence of dicoumarol, a specific inhibitor of the 2-electron reduction of
      quinones by DT-diaphorase, whereas in hepatocytes only the cell membrane damage
      was sensitive to dicoumarol. Results indicate that menadione toxicity is mediated
      via 1-electron reduction, although in hepatocytes different reactive species may
      be responsible for damage to DNA and to the membrane. BP-3,6-Q induced DNA strand
      breaks in fibroblasts at concentrations as low as 1 microM. The extent of DNA
      damage was insensitive to dicoumarol. Even after GSH depletion and inhibition of
      glucuronidation and sulphate conjugation, BP-3,6-Q caused no DNA damage in
      hepatocytes. In contrast to menadione, BP-3,6-Q did not induce cell membrane
      leakage or decrease in GSH levels in either hepatocytes or fibroblasts. These
      studies show the complexity of the metabolic pathways involved, in terms of
      activation and detoxification processes, in the toxicity of quinones.

PMID- 4060201
TI  - Prospidin combined to preoperative irradiation in head and neck cancer.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients with operable squamous cell cancer of head and neck were
      randomized into the study. Twelve patients received Prospidin combined to
      preoperative radiotherapy and fourteen patients were treated with preoperative
      radiotherapy alone. The daily dose of the drug was from 0.70 mg/kg to 2 mg/kg and
      the total dose during preoperative radiotherapy was between 1800 mg and 2250 mg
      with a mean of 2073 mg. The recurrence rate was in patients receiving Prospidin
      three out of twelve and in patients treated with irradiation alone four out of
      fourteen during the observation time of 33 months. In the present study Prospidin
      combined with preoperative radiotherapy had no advantage as compared to
      irradiation alone.

PMID- 4060193
TI  - Genotoxicity of ochratoxin A in mice: DNA single-strand break evaluation in
      spleen, liver and kidney.
AB  - Ochratoxin A, a natural contaminant of feed and food, has been shown to induce
      experimental liver and kidney tumours. In vitro experiments on mice spleen cells
      showed evidence of DNA single-strand breaks induced by ochratoxin A. We measured
      single-strand breaks in the DNA of spleen, liver and kidney of ochratoxin A
      treated animals. Ochratoxin A induced DNA damage in vivo. This damage reversed
      with time. The appearance and extent of the damage varied in different tissues.
      Except for spleen our data correlate with the tumours induced by ochratoxin in
      mouse liver and kidney. With regard to the spleen, there has been no report to
      date of experimental leukemia induced by ochratoxin A. Thus our results indicate
      that this possibility has to be considered.

PMID- 4060198
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of Hodgkin's disease in Freiburg in Breisgau 1964 to 1976.
      2. Results during the treatment period 1972-1976 compared with the period 1964
      1971].
AB  - The total group of patients with Hodgkin's disease submitted to primary treatment
      from May 1964 till December 1976 is divided with respect to diagnostics and
      therapy into a preponderantly clinically assessed group (CS) treated during the
      years of 1964 to 1971 (n = 190) and a preponderantly surgically assessed group
      (PS) treated during the years of 1972 to 1976 (n = 180). The first subgroup was
      treated with differently large irradiation fields and, in case of combined
      therapy, mostly with cyclophosphamide. The second subgroup was treated with
      extended fields, even until total lymphoid irradiation and, in case of drug
      administration, with primary combined chemotherapy (MOPP). The overall five-year
      remission rates of both subgroups (stages I to IV) have improved from 35.4% to
      54.8% (P less than or equal to 0.001) and the five-year survival rates from 67.2%
      to 78.2% (P less than or equal to 0.001). If a complete remission was achieved,
      this was obtained, as far as judgeable, already at an earlier moment in the
      individual groups: e.g., in stage I with 95.5% after one year as against 94.1%
      after five years and in stage II with 91.3% after four years as against 72.9%
      after seven years. The prognostic differences of stages I and II and the
      histologic manifestations: lymphocytic predominance, nodular sclerosis, and mixed
      cellularity were equalized under the therapeutic measures of the intensive
      treatment period.

PMID- 4060205
TI  - [Effect of combined treatment with cisplatin and irradiation on the survival of
      kidney cells in the Syrian hamster].
AB  - During combined treatment of hamster kidney cells with cisplatin and irradiation
      under aerobic conditions, there appear interactions between the two treatment
      modalities. The presence of cisplatin during irradiation leads to an increased
      bending, pretreatment or posttreatment with cisplatin to a gradual adaption of
      the shape of the survival curve to a straight line. Simultaneous treatment of
      hamster kidney cells with cisplatin and irradiation in hypoxia does not change
      the survival curve in contrast to simultaneous treatment under aerobic
      conditions.

PMID- 4060204
TI  - Prognostic significance of symptoms and findings in renal adenocarcinoma.
AB  - The occurrence of different symptoms and signs and their relation to prognosis
      were studied in a series of 324 cases of renal adenocarcinoma. The most common
      symptoms were gross haematuria and loss of weight, but 17% of the patients were
      asymptomatic at presentation. The incidence of asymptomatic patients had doubled
      in ten years. Of the symptoms and signs studied in a multivariate survival
      analysis, only erythrocyte sedimentation rate had prognostic significance
      independently of other factors.

PMID- 4060202
TI  - [Gorham-Stout syndrome--progressive osteolysis with viscerocranial involvement].
AB  - Two rather young patients with spontaneous massive mandible osteolysis are
      presented, i.e. a woman suffering from a rhinogenous liquor fistula and recurrent
      meningitides, and a young man. The authors discuss etiology, pathologic anatomy,
      clinical and radiological course, as well as the combined surgical and
      radiotherapeutical treatment. The pathologic process shall be stopped by the
      combination of both therapy methods. A radiation dose of 30 to 50 Gy is
      recommended.

PMID- 4060207
TI  - Opto-electronic patient positioning.
AB  - A microprocessor-system is described which utilizes videocameras and a digital
      image recorder in order to facilitate and to improve the accuracy of patient
      positioning in radiation therapy.

PMID- 4060206
TI  - Immobilization and reproducibility in radiotherapy for cancer of the larynx and
      pharynx using simplified shell and bite-block.
AB  - In this paper we describe the comparative study concerning the immobilization
      during radiotherapy for cancer of the larynx and pharynx with or without shell
      and fixing device. Immobilization was continuously monitored by semi-conductor
      detector. Reproducibility was investigated by means of verification film. The
      result significantly indicated that better immobilization was obtained in the
      patients treated with use of the shell (p much less than 0.001). Reproducibility
      of the field arrangement was also sufficient throughout the course of
      radiotherapy.

PMID- 4060208
TI  - [Rapid production of non-porous shielding blocks in radiotherapy].
AB  - The production of shielding blocks nearly free from air inclusions (pipes), as
      they are necessary for example in case of mantle field irradiations, is often not
      possible in a satisfactory manner by means of conventional techniques;
      furthermore it is time-consuming. The authors present a new method for a fast
      production of shielding blocks without pipes for radiotherapy.

PMID- 4060203
TI  - [Pretherapeutic computer tomographic studies and follow-up of patients with beta
      irradiated choroid melanomas].
AB  - CT examinations before and after radiotherapy were performed in 48 patients with
      choroidal melanomas who were submitted for a bulb-preserving irradiation with
      ruthenium-106. The authors wanted to investigate to which extent further,
      especially pretherapeutic informations are obtained by computed tomography, if
      performed in addition to well-known ophthalmologic examinations (ophthalmoscopy,
      fluorescence angiography, sonography). Furthermore the side reactions of therapy
      induced by the intervention or by the tumor should be visualized. The
      measurements of the tumor prominence were of special importance for the therapy
      planning, because they allowed to verify the response of radiotherapy by computed
      tomography. Our own patients had an average tumor regression of 1 to 2 mm within
      the first three months after the irradiation with ruthenium-106; after six months
      the prominence of the melanomas had decreased by 3 to 4 mm on an average.
      Interesting side effects, also for the ophthalmologist, were acute radiogenic
      retino-uveitises and parabulbar oedemas found in several patients who showed a
      marked regression within one or two weeks. Some late effects were scleral scars
      at the point of fixation of the ruthenium calotte.

PMID- 4060209
TI  - Legislation on contraception and abortion for adolescents.
AB  - The serious health and social consequences of adolescent pregnancy call for the
      examination of the laws that affect adolescents' access to contraception and
      abortion. The general law of any country relating to the availability, sale, or
      distribution and financing of contraceptives affects adolescents. Similarly, a
      country's general law on abortion applies to adolescents faced with unwanted
      pregnancy and affects them accordingly. In addition, special legislation relating
      to adolescents, particularly legislation or court decisions concerning parental
      consent for contraception or abortion for a minor, has an important influence on
      the access that sexually active young people have to services.

PMID- 4060210
TI  - Estimation of fecundability from survey data.
AB  - The estimation of fecundability from survey data is plagued by methodological
      problems such as misreporting of dates of birth and marriage and the occurrence
      of premarital exposure to the risk of conception. Nevertheless, estimates of
      fecundability from World Fertility Survey data for women married in recent years
      appear to be plausible for most of the surveys analyzed here and are quite
      consistent with estimates reported in earlier studies. The estimates presented in
      this article are all derived from the first interval, the interval between
      marriage or consensual union and the first live birth conception.

PMID- 4060200
TI  - [Combined low-dose radiation and adriblastin therapy of lung metastases].
AB  - Two patients with lung metastases are presented who were submitted to a combined
      low-dose radiotherapy and adriamycin monotherapy with good palliative results.
      The mode of action as well as the experimental examination results are discussed.
      The ineffectiveness of single low-dose chemotherapy is demonstrated by the non
      response of lung metastases beyond the irradiation fields (heart block,
      diaphragm). Both patients were resistant to chemotherapy.

PMID- 4060211
TI  - Barriers to effective family planning in Nepal.
AB  - To investigate why family planning (FP) services in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal
      are underused, a study was initiated under the auspices of the Nepal Family
      Planning/Maternal--Child Health Project. The study was intended to provide a user
      perspective, by examining interactions between FP clinic staff and their
      clientele. "Simulated" clients were sent to 16 FP clinics in Kathmandu to request
      information and advice. The study revealed that in the impersonal setting of a
      family planning clinic, clients and staff fall into traditional, hierarchical
      modes of interaction. In the process, the client's "modern" goal of limiting her
      family size is subverted by the service system that was created to support this
      goal. Particularly when status differences are greatest, that is, with lower
      class and low caste clients, transmission of information is inhibited.

PMID- 4060215
TI  - The influence of thymus extract (TFX) on the phagocytosis and the bactericidal
      capacity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils from patients with insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The influence of thymus extract (TFX) on phagocytosis and bactericidal capacity
      of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) from patient with insulin-dependent
      diabetes was studied. In previous observations PMN from these patients revealed
      the serum-related defect of bacterial killing. The preincubation of cells with
      standard dose of TFX significantly increased ingestion rate and recovered the
      bactericidal capacity to normal values. The augmentation of bactericidal capacity
      due to preincubation with TFX appeared to be dose-dependent and not related to
      other blood cells participation. The increase of bacterial killing was also
      evident, when TFX was applied after phagosome formation. The presented studies
      indicate that, among numerous peptides, thymus extracts contain those exerting
      their hormone-like activity on polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The observations
      may be of clinical importance.

PMID- 4060213
TI  - Contraceptive use and fertility in Guatemala.
AB  - In 1983, one-quarter of married Guatemalan women aged 15-44 years were using
      contraception, and female sterilization was the most prevalent method. Fertility
      rates for the population were at correspondingly high levels, with an overall
      total fertility rate of about six births per woman. Contraceptive prevalence
      varied by residence and ethnic group; less than 5 percent of currently married
      Indian women and about 50 percent of married women in the capital city area were
      using contraception. From 1978 to 1983, prevalence increased overall by six
      percentage points, with surgical contraception accounting for most of the
      increase. Findings of the study suggest that different strategies need to be
      employed among Ladino and Indian women in order to increase contraceptive
      prevalence in these subgroups.

PMID- 4060214
TI  - Biochemistry of the sarcolemma.

PMID- 4060216
TI  - Studies on the cytosolic estrogen receptor from rat thymus.
AB  - The estrogen receptor present in rat thymus cytosol was characterized by its
      association constant, KA, the number of binding sites present, Bmax, and by the
      effect of added estradiol on the binding parameters. The binding parameters were
      determined by fitting the raw binding data directly to the hyperbolic binding
      function, and the Lineweaver-Burk, Scatchard, and Woolf linear transforms of the
      hyperbolic function. The binding parameters were also determined using the direct
      linear plot method of Eisenthal and Cornish-Bowden. The Woolf plot and the direct
      linear plot gave results that indicated that added estradiol caused both
      competitive and noncompetitive inhibition of the receptor. The Scatchard and
      Lineweaver-Burk methods were not capable of showing a systematic trend. The
      parameters derived from the hyperbolic binding equation were in agreement with
      the Woolf and direct linear plot methods. The results of this study show that the
      cytosolic estrogen receptor from rat thymus is both competitively and
      noncompetitive inhibited by estradiol.

PMID- 4060212
TI  - Vanguard family planning acceptors in Senegal.
AB  - This study examines contraceptive use among clients at the three clinics
      providing family planning services in Dakar, Senegal in early 1983. Most clients
      first became interested in family planning following the birth of a child, and
      most are interested in spacing future pregnancies, although one-third state that
      they want no more children. The clinic itself was found to be an important
      determinant of the type of contraceptive used, with only the government-operated
      clinic providing a balance between IUDs, oral contraceptives, and barrier
      methods. Nearly half of the clients interviewed said that a lack of knowledge
      about contraception is the reason for the low contraceptive prevalence rates
      among Senegalese women; another frequently cited reason was the opposition of the
      husband. Most clients reported the broadcast media to be the best means of
      providing family planning information to potential acceptors.

PMID- 4060217
TI  - Relevance of "nurse cells' in histophysiology of lymphoid tissues.

PMID- 4060218
TI  - Do early fetal calf thymus and blood serum contain the factors inhibiting the
      lipid peroxidation?

PMID- 4060219
TI  - Cyclosporine disposition in the dog. Comparison of radioimmunoassay with high
      performance liquid chromatographic assay and pharmacokinetics following
      intravenous administration.
AB  - Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with
      ultraviolet absorbance detection have been compared as potential tools for
      cyclosporine pharmacokinetic studies in dogs. RIA clearly affords greater assay
      sensitivity, although crossreactivity with cyclosporine metabolites causes an
      over-estimation of parent drug concentrations with a subsequent reduction in the
      apparent values of clearance and volume of distribution. HPLC appears to be
      specific for parent cyclosporine. Thus, with the sacrifice of some sensitivity,
      HPLC-measured time-course data afford more reliable estimates of cyclosporine
      pharmacokinetic parameters. After the selection of a dosage regimen from
      preliminary studies, the pharmacokinetics of i.v.-administered cyclosporine were
      studied in six adult male mongrel dogs. Following administration of 20 mg/kg by
      constant-rate 30-min i.v. infusion the time courses of cyclosporine were studied
      in plasma and urine. Concentrations were measured by reversed-phase HPLC with
      ultraviolet absorbance detection. Data were fitted to triexponential equations
      using a digital computer with the CSTRIP and NONLIN programs, and pharmacokinetic
      parameters were calculated. Present findings suggest that cyclosporine is slowly
      yet extensively distributed into peripheral body regions that might serve as
      slowly releasing storage areas. Large volumes of distribution along with
      moderately slow clearances resulted in long half-lives for the disposition of
      cyclosporine. Less than 1% of the administered dose was recovered as parent
      cyclosporine in the urine, suggesting that renal clearance of cyclosporine was
      negligible. The potential relevance of present findings to cyclosporine therapy
      of transplant patients is discussed.

PMID- 4060220
TI  - Hamster vein xenografts for arterial replacements in rats.
AB  - Experimental studies of vein homografts in rats have shown prolonged patency
      resulting from an attenuated immune response. This study examined the response to
      Golden Syrian hamster vein xenografts. While one group of Sprague-Dawley rats
      served as a control, a second group was sensitized with 5 X 10(6) viable hamster
      splenic lymphocytes given i.m. ten days and two days prior to microvascular
      replacement of a 2-cm. segment of infrarenal abdominal aorta with hamster vena
      cava. Graft patency was assessed daily by palpation and Doppler examination of
      femoral pulses. A technical error resulted in graft thrombosis in one sensitized
      rat at two days, but the remaining 19 grafts remained patent up to four months.
      The assay of lymphocytotoxicity by trypan blue excision revealed significant
      antibody response in all sensitized animals (average 64% cytotoxicity at 1/20
      serum dilution) at the time of and subsequent to graft placement. There was no
      significant antibody response in the nonsensitized group (10% cytotoxicity for
      undiluted serum). The minimal degree of intimal thickening and medial
      degeneration on histological examination of grafts did not differ between the two
      groups. The patency of hamster venous xenografts may be well maintained in the
      rat despite a vigorous antibody response to lymphocyte antigens.

PMID- 4060221
TI  - [Differences in the structural organization of the G- and R-bands detectable
      during the differential decondensation of chromosomes].
AB  - The ultrastructure of G- and R-bands in differentially decondensed chromosomes of
      Chinese hamster was studied with a gradual decrease in CaCl2 concentration in the
      medium. The gradual reduction of CaCl2 concentration leads to the decondensation
      of compact G-bands into chromonemes, chromomeres and further into DNP-fibrils. In
      the complete local decondensation zones (R-bands), the DNP-fibril orientation is
      parallel to the chromosome longitudinal axis. These zones have no lateral loops
      or chromomeres. Thus, different chromosome regions corresponding to G- and R
      bands possess different sensibility to the decondensing action. Following the
      complete decondensation in the calcium-free medium chromosomes can be
      "reconstructed" by adding Ca2+. The data obtained permit to suggest a "fastener"
      model of the mitotic chromosome organization in which the chromosome represents
      an hierarchy of discrete structures--G-bands, chromomeres, nucleomeres
      (superbeads) and nucleosomes. The structural integrity of these levels is
      supported by specific protein "fasteners".

PMID- 4060222
TI  - [Population of murine rhabdomyosarcoma MKh-53 clones under different
      proliferation conditions studied by flow cytometry].
AB  - Clones of rhabdomyosarcoma cells were obtained due to implantation of the tumor
      cells in the eye anterior chamber, in subcutaneous connective tissue and in lungs
      of mice. The DNA contents in the clone cells were measured using flow cytometry.
      Diploid indices of clones were calculated from the ratio of the modal content of
      DNA in G1-cells to the DNA content in lymphocytes contaminating these clones. The
      diploid indices of various clones varied from 1.4 to 2.3. The mean diploid index
      calculated for clones that grew under given conditions of proliferation varied
      within 1.85-1.88. Only one of the 66 clones examined displayed a two-peak
      distribution of cell according to their DNA content in phase G1, which may
      suggest a karyotypic instability of the progeny of the tumor clonogenic cell. No
      correlation was revealed between the diploid indices of clones and the following
      parameters, such as: the portion of tumor cells being at different phases of cell
      cycle; the number of normal (stromal) cells contaminating the clones,
      coefficients of variation of DNA contents in tumor cell clones. A positive
      correlation was observed between the coefficients of variation of DNA contents in
      the normal (stromal) cells contaminating the clones and those of tumor clone
      cells being in phase G1. It is concluded that the variability of results of the
      flow cytometric measurement of DNA in G1-cells may reflect the variability of
      cells in respect not only to their DNA contents but also to their capacity of dye
      sorbtion.

PMID- 4060223
TI  - [Autoradiographic research on the dark and light Purkinje cells in the cerebellum
      of rats].
AB  - Intensity of the 3H-sodium acetate and 3H-leucine incorporation into dark and
      light Purkinje cells of the rat cerebellum was studied. The intensity of
      incorporation into light Purkinje cells was found to be 1.5 times higher than
      into the dark ones.

PMID- 4060224
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy of the surface of Chinese hamster fibroblast-like
      cells following glycerin treatment].
AB  - The effect of glycerol upon the superficial structure of Chinese hamster
      fibroblast-like cells was studied. The analysis of scanning electron microscopy
      data made it clear that glycerol-induced changes in the surface structures were
      of various character depending on the duration of the contact period. A long-term
      (4 hour long) exposure to glycerol provoked significant structural changes.
      Nevertheless, the effects were reversible, judging by the fact that the washing
      out of cell suspensions led to the repair of cell structures.

PMID- 4060225
TI  - [DNA content of the nuclei of secondary giant cells of the rat trophoblast at
      different phases of the polytene nucleus cycle].
AB  - A cytophotometric study of DNA content has been made for secondary trophoblastic
      giant cells, which differ morphologically in relation to the stage of the cycle
      of the polytene nucleus. The ploidy rate varying from 16c to 512c. It is shown
      that the DNA content of the nuclei with polytene chromosomes in phase G is more
      stable, corresponding to the 2c multiple DNA content. Unlike, reticular nuclei in
      phase S do not present clear-cut peaks on a histogram of DNA. Ratios of nuclei
      with unequal ploidy differ depending on the structure of these nuclei.

PMID- 4060226
TI  - [DNA content and synthesis in the nuclei of rat cerebellar cells in organotypic
      cultures].
AB  - Using cytophotometric and autoradiographic methods, it has been shown for the
      first time that in condition of an organotypic culture the replicative synthesis
      of DNA is induced in the Purkinje neurons of the cerebellum of newborn rats
      completing their terminal differentiation. This synthesis is accompanied by
      polyploidization of the initially diploid population of these cells (4c, much
      more rarely 8c, and a single 16c cell appear) rather than by cell division. In
      constant, the granular cells mostly retain their diploid state and only a few of
      them synthesize DNA to H2c values. The glial cells divide actively. Hence,
      evidence is presented that neurons, at least those of cerebellum, retain their
      potential of replicative synthesis of DNA in the organotypic culture. The
      important point is that DNA synthesis in their nuclei proceeds simultaneously
      with processes of differentiation.

PMID- 4060227
TI  - [Competition of solid and fluid liposomes for binding and metabolism with lipids
      from the cell surface].
AB  - The competitive behavior of solid vs. fluid liposomes in liposome-cell adsorption
      and cell-to-liposome lipid transfer processes was investigated with L cells and
      FBT epithelial sheets. Binding and transfer experiments have demonstrated that:
      solid liposomes adhere to the cell surface as integral vesicles retaining the
      entrapped substance; fluid liposomes are partly disintegrated at the cell surface
      with concomitant entry of entrapped substances into the cytoplasm, while their
      lipids remain on the cell surface; fluid liposomes that escape lysis dissociate
      from the cell taking away cell lipid molecules. No lipid transfer occurs between
      the plasma membrane and solid liposomes. Cell-bound solid liposomes interfere
      with the transfer of cell lipids to fluid liposomes, while these in turn inhibit
      the binding of solid liposomes to the cell surface.

PMID- 4060228
TI  - [Isolation of rosette-like structures from partially deproteinized chromatin in
      rat hepatocytes].
AB  - The structure of partial deproteinized rat hepatocyte chromatin has been studied.
      Depending on the magnesium concentration the chromatin of isolated nuclei is
      present in the two conditions: diffuse (at 0-1.5 mM MgCl2) and condensed (at 2-5
      mM MgCl2). The main components of nuclei with condensed chromatin are chromomers-
      globular structures about 100 nm in diameter. By treating such nuclei with
      heparin and dextransulfate one can observe a rosette-like structure with lateral
      loops having the following parameters: the length of the loops, 15-20 micron; the
      number of loops, 15-30. The rosette-like structures are sensitive to endogenous
      nuclease and DNase 1, but not to RNase. Pronase or higher concentration of
      polyanions give rise to unfolding of the rosette-like structures. The rosette
      structures cannot be isolated from the nuclei with diffuse chromatin. On the
      basis of these observations a hypothesis of chromatin structural organization in
      the interphase nucleus is proposed, and the connection of the rosette-like
      structures with some structural levels of chromatin organization is discussed.

PMID- 4060229
TI  - [Effect of serotonin on proliferating and resting cells in culture].
AB  - The influence of exogenous serotonin on cell division of L929 and L-41 cell
      strains has been investigated under various conditions of cell growth in culture
      (the incubation either in 10% serum medium without changing the medium, or in the
      medium with 0.5% serum). The data obtained show that serotonin in physiological
      concentration (10(-7) M) stimulates proliferation of resting cells. In
      proliferating cells, compared to resting ones, the sensitivity to exogenous amine
      appeared statistically non-significant. Exogenous serotonin is suggested to be a
      proliferating stimulus for resting cells.

PMID- 4060230
TI  - [Interaction of intact and irradiated macrophages with thymus lymphoid cells].
AB  - The rat broncho-alveolar macrophages, subjected to gamma-irradiation, were
      incubated for 4 hours with irradiated (4 Gy) thymocytes. Following the total 24
      hour incubation, some morphological features of macrophages were revealed in
      addition to their influence on survival, autologous rosetting and mitotic index
      of intact thymocytes. The increase in macrophage spreading was shown which was
      dose-dependent in the 1 to 4 Gy scale. Enhanced viability of thymocytes was
      revealed in the presence of macrophages irradiated at the dose of 1-2 Gy.
      Addition of 24 hour cultures of intact or irradiated macrophages elicited a
      significant decrease in rosette-forming capacity among thymocytes. Gamma
      irradiation of 2 to 4 Gy inhibited the ability of macrophages to suppress the
      mitotic activity of thymic cells. A possibility of postradiational modification
      of some specific functions and properties of macrophages, including their
      thymotropic effects, is discussed.

PMID- 4060231
TI  - [Cytochemical research on the effect of a synthetic enkephalin analog on the
      protein content and enzyme activity of neurons].
AB  - Using quantitative cytochemical technique a study was made of the effect of the
      synthetic analog of the Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NH2 on the content and concentration of
      proteins and on the activity of enzymes (aminopeptidase, glutamate dehydrogenase
      and acid phosphatase) in neurons of the brain motor cortex and nucleus caudatus
      of rabbits and rats. The essential changes of the parameters used were registered
      3 days after neuropeptide injection. A 30 minutes effects of the synthetic analog
      of enkephalins in protein metabolism was not so pronounced as a 3 days effect,
      the former being observed only in neurons of the brain motor cortex. Long-lasting
      effects of the neuropeptide Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NH2 on the metabolism in brain are
      discussed.

PMID- 4060232
TI  - [DNA synthesis in cultures of atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes in the rat].
AB  - By means of 3H-thymidine autoradiography DNA replicative activity has been
      studied in cultured atrial and ventricular myocytes, and non-muscle cells from
      hearts of 2-week-old rats (age when cell proliferation in the myocardium is
      already significantly depressed). PAS-reaction was used as a cytochemical marker
      of cardiomyocytes: atrial myocytes are richer in glycogen than ventricular cells.
      Labeling indices of atrial myocytes after a 24 hour exposure to 3H-thymidine were
      higher than ventricular ones: on day 6 of culturing--47 and 5%, and on day 11-34
      and 8%, respectively. After 10 days of culturing the number of binucleated atrial
      myocytes, non-typical for atrial myocardium in vivo, increased by 25-40% as
      compared with 8-13% on days 2-3 in culture. In 10-day cultures, 3- and 4
      nucleated atrial myocytes were observed. Both mononucleated and binucleated
      atrial and ventricular myocytes incorporated 3H-thymidine. To find out whether
      the deeper inhibition of replicative activity in ventricular myocytes influences
      fibroblasts and endothelial cells from ventricles, the proliferative activity of
      non-muscle cells was studied. Non-muscle cells, both in atrial and ventricular
      cultures, behaved as a totally proliferating population (labeling indices on the
      6th day are about 75-90%) and their growth rate decreased during the formation of
      the contact-inhibited monolayer. These cells, contrary to myocytes, are
      predominantly mononucleated in all the periods studied. The deeper depression of
      replication in ventricular myocytes appears to be related with their higher level
      of differentiation as compared to myocytes of the atrial myocardium.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4060233
TI  - [Dynamics and ultrastructural characteristics of osteoclast formation].
AB  - Using electron microscopy and 3H-thymidine autoradiography it has been shown that
      osteoclasts of rats and rabbits are formed by fusion of cell precursors which
      become members of the osteoclasts 14 hours following S-phase. Monoblasts and
      promonocytes are considered as DNA-synthesizing forms. A single injection of
      parathormone in a dose of 10 units/100 g of body weight leads to an increase in
      the fractions of DNA-synthesizing cells. Monocytes and macrophages appear to be
      direct osteoclast precursors in resorption zones. As a result of their fusion
      there appear "unfixed" polynuclear macrophages (young osteoclasts). The number of
      osteoclast nuclei increases also at the expense of little-differentiated
      phagocytes, the inclusion of the latter takes place at different stages of the
      life span of osteoclasts depending on the intensity of bone resorption processes.
      The structural characteristics of fusion of cell precursors are considered.

PMID- 4060234
TI  - Comparison of lamb production from indigenous and exotic x indigenous ewes in
      Indonesia.
AB  - Lamb production in relation to total feed consumption was recorded in Javanese
      thin tail (JTT) ewes and in first cross Suffolk x JTT (SX), Wiltshire Horn x JTT
      (WX) and Poll Dorset x JTT (DX) ewes over three successive lambings or for 21/2
      years after joining with rams of the same genotypes in a continuous mating
      system. For the JTT, SX, WX and DX genotypes respectively, total numbers of lambs
      weaned per ewe joined were 3.77, 2.50, 2.08 and 1.33, mean lamb body weights at
      weaning were 12.8, 18.8, 18.6 and 20.9 kg, total weights of lamb weaned per ewe
      joined were 48.4, 46.9, 38.8 and 27.9 kg, and average weights of feed consumed by
      the whole production system per kg of lamb weaned were 16.4, 21.9, 23.5 and 32.8
      kg. Thus cross-bred ewes required more feed to produce fewer though heavier lambs
      without any real increase in total productivity.

PMID- 4060235
TI  - Village production of West African dwarf goats and sheep in Nigeria.
AB  - Results from a 41 month study of West African Dwarf goats and sheep under village
      conditions in south-west Nigeria are reported. Even at a very low level of
      management these trypanosomiasis-tolerant animals produced 2.01 kids or 1.51
      lambs per dam per year. Mortality of young particularly kids and low growth rates
      limit production. Of these mortality is probably the first constraint to
      increased productivity and profitability. Control of peste des petits ruminants
      appears to significantly reduce mortality and should stimulate the further
      development of this production system.

PMID- 4060236
TI  - Milk production of Friesian cows subjected to high daytime temperatures when
      allowed food either ad lib or at night-time only.
AB  - Four lactating Friesian cows housed in climate chambers were exposed to the
      following sequential treatments: I, a four-week period when they were allowed
      constant access to an ad lib supply of a complete diet and water in a
      thermoneutral environment (ambient temperature (Ta) 14 to 20 degrees C and
      relative humidity (r.h.) 50 to 75%); II, a five-week period during which they
      were exposed to Ta 38.5 degrees C/r.h. 85% for 61/2 h during daytime and Ta 14 to
      20 degrees C/r.h. 50 to 75% for the remainder of each day with constant access to
      ad lib complete diet and water; III, a four-week period under the same
      environment as treatment II but with access to food restricted to between 19.00
      and 07.00; IV; a four-week period under the environment and feeding regime
      described for treatment II. The voluntary food intake (VFI) of cows subjected to
      II was not depressed as a result of high daytime temperature despite the fact
      that they exhibited daytime clinical features indicative of heat stress; this was
      because of a 27.8% compensatory increase in night-time feeding. Nevertheless
      there was an accompanying significant increase in the rate of lactation decline
      of 8.7% per month greater than that normally expected under the thermoneutral
      conditions (I). Subsequent restriction of food access to night-time (III)
      resulted in a significant reduction in mean VFI of 7.5%; however, the rate of
      lactation decline was drastically reduced to a value not dissimilar to the
      natural decline of 3.97% per month observed under thermoneutral conditions (I).

PMID- 4060237
TI  - Oxytetracycline-induced resistance to Babesia bovis infection in splenectomised
      calves.

PMID- 4060238
TI  - Susceptibility of different breeds of goats in Kenya to experimental infection
      with Trypanosoma congolense.
AB  - To assess whether there was any evidence of genetic resistance to African
      trypanosomiasis, five breeds of goat (East African, Galla, and crossbreds between
      East African and Galla, Nubian or Toggenburg) were experimentally infected with
      Trypanosoma congolense either by needle inoculation or by tsetse-transmission.
      The goats had not been previously exposed to trypanosomiasis. With both methods
      of infection all breeds were found to be highly susceptible and suffered severe
      disease. Following tsetse-transmitted infection no significant differences were
      observed between breeds in the development, duration and size of the chancre
      reaction or in the degree and duration of parasitaemia. While Nubian goats
      developed anaemia more rapidly than the other breeds, all animals experienced a
      pronounced reduction in packed red cell volume. Similarly following needle
      inoculation no differences were found between breeds in the severity of anaemia
      or in the kinetics of parasitaemia. Immune responses against both metacyclic and
      bloodstream trypanosomes of the infecting serodeme were similar in all breeds as
      were the erythropoietic responses to the infection. No alterations in leucocyte
      parameters occurred.

PMID- 4060239
TI  - Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus among domestic animals in Libya.

PMID- 4060240
TI  - Gastro-intestinal parasites of cattle in Nigeria. Prevalence of anoplocephalid
      cestodes.

PMID- 4060241
TI  - Mastitis in Camelus dromedarius in Saudi Arabia.
AB  - The correlation between camels' milk samples collected from abnormal inflamed
      udders and samples positive in the California Mastitis Test (CMT) was +0.803 (P
      less than 0.01). The bacterial count ranges of milk samples differed
      significantly (P less than 0.05) for those with a negative CMT and those with a
      positive CMT. Infection with many but not all bacterial species was associated
      with positive CMT results. The highest percentage of camel milk samples was
      included in the bacterial count range of 3.0 x 10(2) to 3.0 x 10(3) cfu/ml rather
      than in the greater than 3.0 x 10(3) cfu/ml range for most of the bacterial
      species. The most predominant bacterial isolates were Micrococcus spp.,
      Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp. and Corynebacterium spp. followed by
      eight other flora. Chloramphenicol was the most effective antimicrobial agent of
      six tested against 118 bacterial isolates. Preliminary observations are made on
      chemotherapy of mastitis cases in camels.

PMID- 4060242
TI  - Socioeconomic effects of African swine fever in Cameroon.

PMID- 4060243
TI  - Isolation of Rift Valley fever virus from cattle abortions in Tanzania.

PMID- 4060244
TI  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon binding macromolecules. Identification,
      characterization and temperature activation of a 4.5 S binding nucleoprotein.
AB  - A macromolecule binding 3H-methylcholanthrene (3H-MCA) and 3H-benzo(a)pyrene (3H
      BaP) and sedimenting in the 4-5 S region of sucrose gradient (4.5 S) was
      identified in rat liver cytosol. The binding was displaced by 100-fold molar
      excess unlabeled ligands whereas 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was
      ineffective. The dissociation constant for both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
      (PAHs) was of the order of 10(-8) M or lower. Both 3H-MCA and 3H-BaP bound to 4.5
      S in a non covalent manner, since 92% of the bound radioactivity was extractable
      with ethyl ether. Furthermore the binding was strongly reduced by urea 8 M and by
      guanidine. HCl 4 M (99 and 70% respectively). Thin layer chromatography of the
      ethyl ether-solubilized radioactivity showed a peak comigrating with PAHs used as
      standards. When chromatographed on Sephadex G-200, 4.5 S was eluted as a sharp
      peak with an apparent molecular weight of 50-60,000 daltons. Enzyme treatment of
      liver cytosol showed that the 4.5 S binding sites were destroyed by micrococcal
      nuclease (92% of inhibition). Papain and phosphodiesterase I and II reduced the
      binding to 50%, whereas DNase I, DNase II, RNase, phospholipase A2 and C and
      trypsin were ineffective. These data suggest that the PAHs binding macromolecule
      of rat liver cytosol is a protein associated with a polynucleotide. The binding
      of both PAHs was enhanced by increasing the incubation temperature, the maximum
      being reached after 20-30 min at 37 degrees C. After 2.5 min at 65 degrees C,
      binding sites were completely destroyed. The same temperature-induced
      "activation" was obtained also by prewarming the cytosol at 37 degrees C in the
      absence of ligands.

PMID- 4060245
TI  - Estimation of cancer morbidity using mortality data.
AB  - Data on the incidence and prevalence of diseases provide an essential basis for
      several sanitary and epidemiologic purposes. Unfortunately, official routine
      statistics provide little, if any, reliable information on incidence and
      prevalence. The estimation of such indexes on the basis of other indirect
      statistics, such as mortality, can therefore be of great use. A mathematical
      model for degenerative diseases in a stationary population was applied to cancers
      occurring in the Varese province of Italy where comparative morbidity data were
      available from the Lombardy Cancer Register. A very good agreement between
      estimated and observed incidence rates was found for some cancers such as stomach
      and lung cancer. The agreement obtained in these cases suggests that model
      hypotheses may be usefully adopted. This conclusion can probably be extrapolated
      to the general population of Italy or other Italian areas characterized by a
      population structure which is similarly stationary.

PMID- 4060246
TI  - Correlations between cancer mortality rates from various Italian regions.
AB  - Death certification rates from 17 non-sexual and 4 sexual cancers were used to
      examine patterns of correlation between various cancers within the 20 Italian
      regions. A large number of strongly positive correlations emerged, reflecting the
      geographical distribution of cancer mortality in Italy which shows substantially
      higher rates for several common sites in northern areas. The most notable
      findings were the high positive correlations between various tobacco-related
      cancers in both sexes (however somewhat higher in males), the positive
      correlations between most intestinal sites and between a well defined group of
      other cancers including intestines in both sexes, breast and ovary in females and
      prostate in males, previously described in several widely heterogeneous
      populations. Various alcohol-related cancers showed high positive coefficients in
      males but not in females. Several suggestions which emerged from previous
      correlation studies but which generally lacked convincing biological or
      epidemiological consistency were not confirmed by the present data. Conversely, a
      few strong correlations emerged in the present study which are not explainable in
      terms of available knowledge of the causes of cancer, or obvious confounding.
      Though probably incidental, the existence of these correlations between cancers
      with widely heterogeneous or largely undefined etiology is still an indirect
      indication that these neoplasms are largely avoidable, since it is unlikely that
      the same genetic determinants are strongly associated with such different
      malignancies.

PMID- 4060247
TI  - The importance of a home care program for patients with advanced cancer pain.
AB  - At the Pain Clinic of the National Cancer Institute of Milan, a special Home Care
      Program has been set up to assist advanced cancer patients with pain and their
      families during their remaining survival. The Home Care Unit comprises a team of
      physician, nurse clinicians, psychologists and many volunteers who are active
      both in the hospital and at the patient's home. This entire operation provides a
      continuous relationship between the family, the patient and the Home Care Unit.
      This Home Care Program, which is one of a kind with other forms of treatment for
      advanced cancer patients (i.e. hospices), has produced interesting results. Out
      of a sample group of 50 patients, 33 were monitored at home by the Home Care Unit
      while 17 had their families to do the monitoring. Over a six-week period the
      following results were reported: a) Improvement of psycho-emotional factors such
      as anxiety, weakness and mood for both patients and their families who entered
      the Home Care Program. b) The Quality of Life Index remained unchanged for the
      sample group that entered the Home Care Program whereas it deteriorated for
      patients monitored by their families. c) A decrease in the Integrated Pain Score
      for both groups; however, results showed a statistically significant difference
      in favor of patients on the Home Care Program. d) The Performance Status
      decreased by very little over the study period, and there was little difference
      between the two groups. These results confirm the need for a Home Care Program
      which must go hand in hand with the Pain Clinic as an effective way to control
      Total Pain.

PMID- 4060248
TI  - Modifications in the concentrations of circulating myoglobin after treatment with
      low doses of adriamycin.
AB  - The modifications in the concentration of circulating myoglobin have been studied
      by means of a radioimmunoassay in 15 cancer patients undergoing polychemotherapy
      including adriamycin. In 8 patients significant increases in myoglobin levels
      were found after injection of low doses of the drug (25-50 mg/m2). Moreover, a
      disturbance of the normal biorhythm of the protein was evident in 12 patients.
      Creatine kinase-MB was evaluated by means of a radioimmunoassay, but there was no
      relation between an increase in the isoenzyme and an increase in myoglobin. No
      ECG modifications were detected. These data indicate that the measurement of
      myoglobin may offer an indication of myocardial or skeletal muscle damage caused
      by adriamycin.

PMID- 4060249
TI  - Estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast carcinoma and in nonmalignant
      breast tissue.
AB  - Since 1983 we have studied the relationship, in the same patient, between
      receptor status in breast carcinoma and in nonmalignant breast tissue. Fifty
      patients have been evaluated to date. The total unoccupied cytosol estrogen and
      progesterone receptors were determined by a dextran-coated charcoal method. In
      nonmalignant breast tissue we found a measurable receptor concentration above the
      sensitivity of the method in 62% of cases for estrogen receptors and in 44% of
      cases for progesterone receptors. No relationships were found between the
      receptor level of each tumor and that of the corresponding benign tissue. The
      data suggest that the levels of the receptors in the tumor and in the
      nonmalignant tissue are totally independent.

PMID- 4060250
TI  - Patients' assessment of quality of care: a survey of a group of breast cancer
      patients in Italy.
AB  - Patients' assessment of quality of care was investigated in 825 women with breast
      cancer treated in a group of specialized and non-specialized institutions in
      Italy. A 10-page mail questionnaire explored patients' adjustment to the disease,
      satisfaction with care, and quality of the information on diagnosis and
      treatment. Most of the 428 (52%) responders reported good or acceptable
      adjustment to the disease (as reflected by acceptable performance in some daily
      living activities), and favorable judgment about care providers, but many women
      complained of hospital organizational deficiencies. A contradictory picture
      emerged regarding the quality of information. Completeness and thoroughness
      appeared seriously deficient when examined objectively using a series of explicit
      predefined criteria, but patients' assessments showed in most cases moderate or
      high satisfaction. The paper presents these results and discusses pros and cons
      in the use of patients' opinions for evaluation of quality of care.

PMID- 4060251
TI  - Phase II trial of oral VP 16-213 (etoposide) in patients with advanced head and
      neck cancer.
AB  - We tested VP 16-213 in 16 patients with advanced head and neck cancer after
      conventional treatments. VP 16-213 was administered orally at the dosage of 100
      mg/mq for 5 consecutive days every 3 weeks. No patient achieved an objective
      response. Toxicity was mild. VP 16-213 given at this dose and schedule revealed
      no activity in pretreated patients with head and neck cancer.

PMID- 4060252
TI  - A clinicopathological study of seven cases of primary high-grade malignant non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma of the central nervous system.
AB  - Seven cases of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the central nervous system are
      described. Six cases were diagnosed after pathologic examination of surgical
      material; in one case, a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, the
      diagnosis was made at autopsy. The mean age of the patients was 52 years. The
      lesions were supratentorial in all cases, and unifocal in 6: the autopsy case had
      multicentric lesions. The cytologic examination of the cerebrospinal fluid was
      performed in 3 cases and was negative. The most common histologic type was
      immunoblastic lymphoma. The mean postoperative survival time was 12 months; in 2
      cases, surgery combined with radiotherapy prolonged the survival for more than 2
      years. Leptomeningeal involvement was considered to indicate a poor prognosis.

PMID- 4060253
TI  - Primary adenocarcinoma of terminal ileum with clinical and gross morphologic
      features simulating Crohn's disease. A case report.
AB  - We report a case of primary adenocarcinoma of the terminal ileum, which presented
      with clinical, radiologic and surgical findings indistinguishable from Crohn's
      disease. The age of the patient and the rapidly progressing symptoms were the
      only preoperative clues to the diagnosis of an occult malignancy. Frozen sections
      of an intraoperative biopsy established the correct diagnosis and led to a
      radical change in the treatment. This is the third report of adenocarcinoma of
      the small bowel simulating Crohn's disease.

PMID- 4060254
TI  - Ultrastructural findings in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
AB  - Ultrastructural studies have made significant contributions in evaluating the
      pathology and pathogenesis of AIDS. Three distinct types of abnormal
      cytomembranous inclusions in tissue specimens or peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells from AIDS patients are described--vesicular rosettes (VR), tubuloreticular
      inclusions (TRI), and cylindrical confronting lamellae (CCL).

PMID- 4060255
TI  - Hurthle cell and mitochondrion-rich papillary carcinomas of the thyroid gland: an
      ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study.
AB  - Of 52 consecutive papillary carcinomas of the thyroid, the following cases were
      included in this study: one Hurthle cell papillary carcinoma, one papillary
      carcinoma with foci of Hurthle cells, and 10 cases of papillary carcinoma with
      abundant mitochondria (volumetric density of mitochondria greater than or equal
      to 20%). All cases were studied by light microscopy, transmission electron
      microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and immunocytochemistry.
      Our results showed that papillary carcinomas mainly or exclusively composed of
      Hurthle cells are very rare; that Hurthle cell papillary carcinomas of the
      thyroid share the biologic characteristics and blend insidiously with the so
      called mitochondrion-rich papillary carcinomas; that TEM and SEM can provide
      useful evidence for achieving the differential diagnosis between Hurthle cell and
      so-called mitochondrion-rich papillary carcinomas; and that immunocytochemical
      studies are useless in the aforementioned differential diagnosis.

PMID- 4060256
TI  - Tubuloreticular inclusions and paired cisternae induced in human lymphocytes
      cultured with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1.
AB  - Tubuloreticular inclusions (TRI) and paired cisternae (PC) were induced in
      lymphocytes of normal individuals after incubation with Staphylococcus aureus
      Cowan 1. TRI were initially detected in lymphoid cells on day 2 (48-h culture).
      The frequency of TRI-positive cell sections on day 5 increased about twofold over
      those on days 2-4. On day 7, TRI were predominantly seen in lymphoplasmacytoid
      cells or plasmacytoid cells, with an incidence of up to 18% of sections. The
      regions in these cells were most extensive and anastomosed with the cisternae of
      adjacent well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). TRI formation appears
      not to be essential for mitogen-induced B-cell differentiation to plasmacytoid
      cells, because pokeweed mitogen (PWM) failed to induce TRI. The diverse
      expressions of TRI induction between these two mitogens may be due to a
      difference in B-cell activation mechanisms. Paired cisternae were observed in a
      great majority of mitotic cells at various stages. These were encountered most
      frequently on day 4. PC were also seen in the PWM-stimulated culture. Our
      observations suggest that PC formation may be related to new formation of RER as
      well as to reconstruction of the nuclear envelope.

PMID- 4060257
TI  - Contribution of electron microscopy of cell cultures to the classification of
      three round cell sarcomas in children.
AB  - We have studied three round cell sarcomas from pediatric patients in tissue
      culture to compare the electron microscopic morphology of cells in culture to
      cells from original biopsy specimens. None of the original tumors displayed
      distinctive features by light microscopy that would allow classification of a
      specific tumor type, and electron microscopy was not helpful in identifying
      specific morphologic features that would allow further classification of tumor
      types. However, electron microscopy of cells in culture from the three neoplasms
      revealed distinctive morphologic features that did allow further classification
      of all three tumors. Cells from an inguinal lymph node, which were cultured in
      soft agar tumor colony-forming assay, revealed Z-bands and actin and myosin
      filaments indicative of a rhabdomyosarcomatous nature for the tumor. Cells from 5
      day, 10-day, and 4-month cultures of a bone marrow metastasis of a second tumor
      revealed features of skeletal muscle in the young cultures and neuroblasts in the
      older culture, suggesting a primitive neuroectodermal neoplasm. Cultured cells
      from the third tumor, a neoplasm of the calf in an infant, displayed large lakes
      of glycogen, typical of cells of Ewing's sarcoma, which were not present in the
      cells examined from the original lesion. Ultrastructural studies of cells in
      culture have the potential to add morphologic data that may be useful to further
      define and classify a neoplasm, as illustrated in the 3 cases reported here.

PMID- 4060258
TI  - Amphicrine--composite calcitonin and mucin-producing--carcinoma of the thyroid.
AB  - A case of thyroid carcinoma in a 38-year-old male with a high serum level of
      calcitonin is reported. The tumor was composed of polygonal argyrophilic cells,
      signet ring Alcian blue-positive cells, and a minority of amphicrine elements.
      The same polymorphic cellular component was seen at the ultrastructural level.
      Anticalcitonin immunoperoxidase revealed that the majority of cells were
      positive, including the amphicrine cells. In spite of calcitonin production it is
      felt that cases similar to the present one should be distinguished from "ordinary
      medullary" carcinoma and the terms "amphicrine" or "composite calcitonin and
      mucin-producing carcinoma" are proposed.

PMID- 4060259
TI  - Breast carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation.
AB  - Twenty-two breast carcinomas with membrane bound granules by electron microscopy
      were tested for the presence of neuron specific enolase (NSE), neuropeptides and
      serotonin by immunohistochemistry. By light microscopy the cases studied included
      infiltrating ductal carcinomas, intraductal carcinomas, apocrine carcinomas,
      infiltrating lobular carcinomas of both classical and alveolar types, mixed
      lobular/colloid carcinomas, carcinoid growth pattern and one unclassified
      carcinoma. Ten cases showed immunoreactivity for 1 or 2 neuropeptides in
      scattered cells whereas all cases were positively and rather diffusely stained
      with anti-NSE. Immunohistochemical staining at the ultrastructural level was
      carried out; the presence of neuropeptides could not be confirmed. Scattered
      granules were marked with gold particles when antiserum against casein was used.
      We conclude that neither argyrophilia, nor NSE immunoreactivity nor membrane
      bound granules seen by electron microscopy constitute at present sufficient
      evidence to designate a breast carcinoma as neuroendocrine. However, our study
      indicates that certain breast carcinomas of several types do include cells with
      neuroendocrine features demonstrable convincingly by light microscopic
      immunohistochemistry. We have no evidence that these breast carcinomas with
      neuroendocrine features behave differently from their counterparts lacking such
      features. The intriguing speculation is that neuropeptides produced by certain
      breast carcinomas may act as local modulators of tumor growth and
      differentiation.

PMID- 4060260
TI  - Multicystic abdominal peritoneal tumor presenting as an enlarging incisional
      hernia.

PMID- 4060261
TI  - Neurosecretory cells in carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder--an incidental
      finding.

PMID- 4060262
TI  - [Medical education in the 1985 fall semester. Course catalog].

PMID- 4060263
TI  - [Normal and pathological intracranial pressure. Craniospinal pressure/volume
      relationship].

PMID- 4060264
TI  - [Laminin, a component of the basement membrane].

PMID- 4060265
TI  - [Indications for choice of amputation level in leg amputations].

PMID- 4060266
TI  - [Acute arterial occlusion of the upper limb].

PMID- 4060267
TI  - [Immunity to diphtheria in people aged 25-30].

PMID- 4060268
TI  - [Mycetoma of the hand].

PMID- 4060269
TI  - [Gastroenteritis and acute urticaria in a child].

PMID- 4060271
TI  - [Eosinophilic granuloma of the central skeleton].

PMID- 4060270
TI  - [A perforating pushpin in the stomach].

PMID- 4060272
TI  - [Brucellosis: 3 imported cases].

PMID- 4060273
TI  - [Acupuncture analgesia in the treatment of chronic pain].

PMID- 4060274
TI  - [Treatment of alcoholism by the "control principle"].

PMID- 4060276
TI  - [Psychiatric practice. An account from Funen 1980-82].

PMID- 4060275
TI  - [Poisoning with seaweed toxins].

PMID- 4060277
TI  - [Fishermen exposed to mustard gas. Clinical experience and evaluation of the
      cancer risk].

PMID- 4060278
TI  - [Resection of the maxillary sinus by the Caldwell-Luc method].

PMID- 4060279
TI  - [Complications of frontal and ethmoidal sinusitis].

PMID- 4060280
TI  - [The value of the postoperative control of patients after a curative operation
      for left-sided colorectal tumors].

PMID- 4060281
TI  - [Arteritis of the breast].

PMID- 4060282
TI  - [Splenic artery aneurysm. A fatal case with rupture].

PMID- 4060283
TI  - [Severe cardiac insufficiency caused by myelomatosis not recognized previously].

PMID- 4060284
TI  - [Arthritis of the knee after a human bite].

PMID- 4060285
TI  - [Yersinia enterocolitica endocarditis].

PMID- 4060286
TI  - [Renal vein thrombosis developing in utero].

PMID- 4060287
TI  - [Accidents with mustard gas near Bornholm].

PMID- 4060288
TI  - [Catastrophic medical preparedness in Denmark].

PMID- 4060289
TI  - [Electric heat pillow as the cause of peripheral gangrene].

PMID- 4060290
TI  - [Cholethorax. A complication of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography].

PMID- 4060292
TI  - [Rupture of the ureter after a non-penetrating injury].

PMID- 4060291
TI  - [Spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula].

PMID- 4060294
TI  - [Bayesian analysis of controlled clinical trials].

PMID- 4060293
TI  - [Bayesian analysis of controlled clinical trials].

PMID- 4060295
TI  - [Accuracy of analytical results. The Nordkem project].

PMID- 4060296
TI  - [Compulsory medical notification. III. Notifications in Denmark over a 2-year
      period by physicians suspecting incompetence in traffic].

PMID- 4060298
TI  - [The pattern of operative surgery at Danish hospitals in 1982].

PMID- 4060297
TI  - [Sudden death from ischemic heart disease in the community of Frederiksberg].

PMID- 4060299
TI  - [A survey of pensions for married couples].

PMID- 4060300
TI  - [Cerebellar tuberculoma. A rare case in an industrialized community].

PMID- 4060301
TI  - [The vibration syndrome].

PMID- 4060302
TI  - [The Marfan syndrome. A review with special attention to the cardiovascular
      complications and an illustrative case report].

PMID- 4060303
TI  - [Endoscopically controlled urethrosuspension. Employed in women with urinary
      incontinence with recurrence and/or markedly obese patients].

PMID- 4060304
TI  - [Bladder neck incision in men with primary anatomical or functional bladder neck
      obstruction].

PMID- 4060305
TI  - [Breast metastases from a malignant ocular melanoma].

PMID- 4060306
TI  - [Peroral antidiabetics: sulfonylurea compounds].

PMID- 4060307
TI  - [The sewing machine disease. Occupational cervicobrachial disorder in
      seamstresses].

PMID- 4060308
TI  - [The RCT--the international rehabilitation and research center for torture
      victims. A presentation].

PMID- 4060309
TI  - [Mercury risk in Greenland].

PMID- 4060310
TI  - [Measurement of energy metabolism in man].

PMID- 4060311
TI  - [Intermittent hydronephrosis and a ureteral polyp in an 8-year-old boy].

PMID- 4060312
TI  - [Dislocation of the cuboid bone].

PMID- 4060313
TI  - [Cerebral complications of Legionnaire's disease].

PMID- 4060314
TI  - [Evaluation of cancer registration in Denmark in 1977. Preliminary evaluation of
      cancer registration by the Cancer Register and the National Patient Register].

PMID- 4060315
TI  - [Tuberculosis in Copenhagen. Patterns of presentation, treatment and prognosis].

PMID- 4060316
TI  - [Patterns of contact in a sports clinic].

PMID- 4060317
TI  - [The mechanics of accidents in automatic sliding doors].

PMID- 4060318
TI  - [Accidental hypothermia from immersion].

PMID- 4060319
TI  - [Possible etiologic significance of specific chromosome abnormalities and proto
      oncogenes in malignant diseases in man].

PMID- 4060320
TI  - [Urticaria caused by processionary caterpillars].

PMID- 4060321
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis of congenital rubella].

PMID- 4060322
TI  - [Rubella in pregnant women previously sterile].

PMID- 4060323
TI  - [Outpatient arthroscopy of the knee joint with a 5 mm arthroscope and trans
      ligamental access].

PMID- 4060324
TI  - [Toxic shock syndrome associated with bursitis].

PMID- 4060325
TI  - [Exercise-induced anaphylaxis].

PMID- 4060326
TI  - [Non-mole derived postmenopausal choriocarcinoma].

PMID- 4060327
TI  - [Truth and health].

PMID- 4060328
TI  - [Drug-induced blood dyscrasias. Reports to the Committee on Adverse Drug
      Reactions 1968-1983].

PMID- 4060329
TI  - [Evaluation of psychogeriatric patients in their own homes. Avoidance of
      unnecessary hospitalization].

PMID- 4060330
TI  - [Criteria of death. Diagnosis and consequences].

PMID- 4060331
TI  - [Prescribing drugs in detention centers].

PMID- 4060332
TI  - Transducers in medical ultrasound: Part Three. Transducer applications in
      echocardiology.
AB  - A comparison is made between phased arrays and mechanical sector scanners in
      transcutaneous echocardiographic applications. Aspects such as contact area, beam
      control, side lobes, grating lobes and image quality are discussed in the context
      of transducer frequency. The incorporation of simultaneous acquisition of Doppler
      velocity information and display of M-mode signals is considered.
      Transoesophageal and intraoperative scanning systems for cardiology are also
      compared, in particular linear arrays, phased arrays and mechanical scanners, and
      their advantages and disadvantages in relation to the above mentioned aspects are
      discussed. The general conclusion is that electronic sector scanners may have a
      considerably improved cost/benefit ratio in the near future and thereby will
      become the leading systems for echocardiography.

PMID- 4060333
TI  - Statistical aspects of the design and testing of decompression tables.
AB  - Before a decompression procedure is recommended for general use it is subjected
      to a limited number of human trial dives. Based on the trial, one attempts to
      reject unsafe procedures but accept those with a low incidence of decompression
      sickness (DCS). Binomial confidence regions are often so broad that even after 40
      dives it may be impossible to distinguish between the possibility that the table
      being tested has a 0.6% risk of DCS and the possibility that it has a 17% risk.
      Our proposed alternative is to select some rule (e.g., one or more cases of DCS
      in 10 dives) for rejecting tables and to calculate the probabilities of accepting
      tables as a function of the probability of DCS. With such calculations we
      conclude that (a) generally one cannot reduce the risk of adopting unsafe tables
      without increasing the risk of rejecting safe ones unless one chooses to increase
      the number of test dives; (b) truncated sequential designs could reduce the
      number of dives required for testing by 15 to 20%; and (c) rules similar to the
      ones tested will always have a zone of indifference. Tables with a probability of
      DCS in this zone will be accepted or rejected with nearly equal frequency even if
      tested with hundreds of dives. The use of models describing the probability of
      DCS as a function of dive parameters should allow us to combine information from
      dives previously analyzed separately and perhaps to improve our selection of new
      tables to be tested.

PMID- 4060334
TI  - Light and electron microscopic alterations in spinal cord myelin sheaths after
      decompression sickness.
AB  - Pathological examination of spinal cords from animals subjected to experimental
      decompression sickness (DCS) was undertaken in an attempt to explain the
      disparate response to treatment observed. Eight experimental animals, four
      undived control animals, and two dived but untreated animals were perfusion
      fixed, and the spinal cords were removed. Light microscopy of toluidine blue
      stained, ultrathin sections from dived animals demonstrated a distinctive widened
      myelin sheath showing a banded pattern of myelin disruption. This pattern was
      confirmed by electron microscopy and showed the separation to be between abutting
      double layers of myelin. Artifactual changes were also present in dived and
      undived animals. These previously unreported changes may be caused by DCS. They
      are compatible with the major mechanisms proposed in the pathophysiology of
      spinal cord DCS and may also account for the response to treatment seen in our
      experimental animals. It is suggested that these findings may also explain the
      response to treatment seen in patients, together with the formation of late
      lesions described in the spinal cords of long-term survivors of DCS.

PMID- 4060335
TI  - Oxygen in the treatment of spinal cord decompression sickness.
AB  - Twenty-five anesthetized dogs were used to find the optimum Po2 for the delayed
      treatment of spinal cord decompression sickness (DCS). They were instrumented for
      the measurement of physiological variables and somatosensory spinal evoked
      potentials (SEP) given an air dive of 15 min at 10 bar (300 ft) and decompressed
      in under 6 min. At the surface SEP were observed for signs of DCS. Fifteen
      minutes after cord DCS was observed in the SEP, the dogs were compressed to 5.0
      bar breathing one of 5 gas mixtures giving a Po2 of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0
      bar. At the start of therapy all groups were in a similar physiological state
      with a similar loss of SEP. Between 40 and 120 min, recovery was significantly
      different (P less than 0.05) between the groups, most SEP recovery having
      occurred within 15 min. The treatments ended with 22, 32, 70, 66, and 42%
      recovery, respectively. It would appear that the optimum Po2 is around 2.0 bar.

PMID- 4060336
TI  - Pressure in the treatment of spinal cord decompression sickness.
AB  - Previous work had shown that a Po2 of about 2.0 bar was the optimal Po2 for the
      treatment of spinal cord decompression sickness (DCS). With 20 anesthetized dogs
      the hypothesis was tested that pressures in excess of a threshold, taken as 3
      bar, did not enhance recovery of spinal cord DCS. Dogs were subjected to a 15-min
      air dive at 10 bar (300 ft) and decompressed over 5.5 min. At the surface, spinal
      cord evoked potentials (SEP) were observed for changes indicating DCS. Fifteen
      minutes after DCS was first detected the dogs were recompressed to 3, 5, 7, or
      2.8 bar breathing 66, 40, 29, or 100% oxygen which gave a Po2 of 2.0 bar except
      in the 2.8 bar group. The recovery of the SEP over 2 h was observed. Group mean
      recoveries at 67, 62, 29, and 42% were not significantly different after 120 min.
      As the hypothesis was supported, a tentative proposal for changing current
      therapy was made.

PMID- 4060337
TI  - Hearing loss with frequent diving (deaf divers).
AB  - An audiometric survey was performed on a group of professional abalone divers,
      all of whom had experienced a great deal of exposure to dysbaric conditions. The
      results of this survey revealed that, even allowing for the very liberal
      requirements of the Australian standards for divers, over 60% had an unacceptable
      sensorineural, high frequency deafness. In half of these cases it was unilateral,
      and half bilateral. Making allowance for age, over 70% had evidence of hearing
      loss to a degree considered by the National Acoustic Laboratories to be
      compensatable.

PMID- 4060338
TI  - Intellectual deterioration with excessive diving (punch drunk divers).
AB  - A survey was performed on a specific occupational group of compressed air divers-
      the professional abalone divers of New South Wales. One aspect of this survey
      included the use of psychometric screening tests to elicit evidence of impaired
      intellectual capacity, which may be related to the compressed air diving. Results
      of the survey indicate that there is suggestion of intellectual impairment in
      almost half of this diving population. The fact that this diving group exposed
      themselves to much greater decompression stress than the more conventional
      professional diving groups suggests that these results should not be extrapolated
      to other diving populations. The results are supportive of the anecdotal beliefs
      that exist regarding this highly selective diving group, i.e., that a syndrome of
      reduced intellectual capacity (dementia or "punch drunkenness") may be present.

PMID- 4060339
TI  - Hearing acuity in professional divers.
AB  - Pure tone audiograms and relevant history were recorded in 164 professional
      divers aged 19 to 66 yr, mean 30.9. A close correlation exists between hearing
      impairment and increasing age, increasing diving experience, and acoustic trauma.
      A statistically significant elevation (P = 0.01) of the high-frequency hearing
      threshold is demonstrated in smokers as compared to those who had never smoked.
      The divers' hearing threshold was elevated in the high frequencies in all age
      groups as compared to ISO normality curves. It was, however, lower than that of a
      Norwegian standard population at a young age, but in their fourth decade of life,
      the divers' high frequency hearing was at the same level as that of the standard
      population. We conclude that professional diving may cause a more rapid
      deterioration of high-frequency hearing than seen in a standard population and
      that smoking may be an additional hazard to high-frequency hearing.

PMID- 4060340
TI  - [Deinstitutionalization. 2].

PMID- 4060341
TI  - [Clinical epidemiology: its evolution and role in clinical practice and
      research].

PMID- 4060343
TI  - [Affective bipolar disorder. Problems in the diagnosis and differential
      diagnosis].

PMID- 4060342
TI  - [Hereditary tyrosinemia and vitamin-dependent rickets in Saguenay. A genetic and
      demographic approach].

PMID- 4060344
TI  - [The diversity of hepatic p-450 cytochromes: their role in chemical
      carcinogenesis].

PMID- 4060345
TI  - [The treatment of localized cancer of the prostate using radioactive iodine
      implants].

PMID- 4060346
TI  - [Clonogenic assay and chemosensitivity of breast cancer].

PMID- 4060347
TI  - [Molecular biology of intercalating agents used in tumor chemotherapy].

PMID- 4060348
TI  - [Radioimmunodetection of tumors and its application to the staging of breast
      cancer].

PMID- 4060349
TI  - [The use of multiparameter flow cytometry in the detection and evaluation of
      human bladder tumors].

PMID- 4060350
TI  - [The biologic basis of cancer thermotherapy].

PMID- 4060351
TI  - [762 cases of laryngeal cancer: results 10 years later].

PMID- 4060352
TI  - Symposium on uroradiology.

PMID- 4060353
TI  - Lymphangiography in genitourinary cancer.
AB  - No radiographic technique is capable of detecting microscopic disease and so the
      lymphangiogram must always be expected to have more false-negative results when
      compared with the results of surgical staging. It is apparent, however, that
      gross nodal metastases can be detected with a high degree of accuracy for
      selected genitourinary tumors. In spite of advances in diagnostic imaging, the
      bipedal lymphangiogram continues to have a place in the staging of genitourinary
      tumors.

PMID- 4060354
TI  - [Chlamydia infection as the cause of inflammatory diseases of the urogenital
      organs].

PMID- 4060355
TI  - [Isolation of Chlamydiae from the urethra in the diagnosis of chronic
      prostatitis].

PMID- 4060356
TI  - [Tuberculosis of the bladder].

PMID- 4060357
TI  - [Endoscopic urethrotomy in sclerotic stenosis].

PMID- 4060358
TI  - [Possible role of aldolases in the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis].

PMID- 4060359
TI  - [Modification of the parathyroidin test in the diagnosis of the renal form of
      primary hyperparathyroidism].

PMID- 4060360
TI  - [Continuous peritoneal dialysis].

PMID- 4060361
TI  - [Artificial sphincters in the treatment of urinary incontinence].

PMID- 4060362
TI  - [Interrelation between the bioelectrical activity and mechanical function of the
      myocardium and disorders of water-mineral metabolism in children with
      glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 4060363
TI  - [Late-stage ureterohydronephrosis: various aspects of pathogenesis, diagnosis and
      treatment].

PMID- 4060365
TI  - Pseudouridine and uridine in normal kidney and kidney cancer tissues.
AB  - The tissue concentrations of a modified nucleoside, pseudouridine, and a normal
      nucleoside, uridine, were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography.
      Human kidneys were obtained from five patients with renal cell carcinoma and
      divided into a noncancerous part and a cancerous part. The pseudouridine
      concentration in the cancerous part of the kidneys ranged between less than 2-2.8
      nmoles/g and in the noncancerous part 4.3-19.4 nmoles/g (mean 10,9 nmoles/g). The
      uridine concentration in the cancerous and noncancerous parts of the kidney
      ranged between 19.6-179.1 nmoles/g (mean 110.7 nmoles/g) and 117.5-235.6 nmoles/g
      (mean 191.5 nmoles/g), respectively. The pseudouridine concentration appeared to
      be approximately seven times higher in the noncancerous part as compared to the
      cancerous part of the kidney. In the case of uridine, the difference was less
      pronounced.

PMID- 4060364
TI  - Urinary modified nucleosides as tumor markers in cancer of the urinary organs or
      female genital tract.
AB  - Using a sensitive and specific method involving high-performance liquid
      chromatography, urinary levels of four modified nucleosides--pseudouridine (psi),
      1-methylinosine (m1I), 1-methyladenosine (m1A), and 1-methylguanosine (m1G)--were
      investigated before and after treatment in 31 patients with cancer of the urinary
      organs or the female genital tract. Before treatment m1I was the most frequently
      elevated nucleoside (77%). Pretreatment urinary levels of psi, m1I, and m1A in
      patients with stage 2-4 cancer of the female genital tract were significantly
      elevated compared to human healthy volunteers (p less than 0.005). Compared with
      the other nucleosides, psi appeared to correlate more closely with the clinical
      outcome (progression or regression) of patients with cancer of the female genital
      tract. In the case of patients with cancer of the urinary organs, m1I followed
      the clinical outcome better than the other nucleosides measured. Therefore psi
      and m1I seem to be useful for monitoring genito-urinary cancers.

PMID- 4060366
TI  - Ultrastructural evaluation of murine bladder epithelium exposed to verapamil.
AB  - The effect of single or multiple instillations of high verapamil concentrations
      on the cytoarchitecture of the bladder epithelium was assessed by electron
      microscopy. Ruthenium red was used to evaluate the surface mucopolysaccharide
      coats and the integrity of junctional complexes between luminal cells. No
      significant cytoplasmic change in the luminal or nonluminal cells was found in
      any experimental animals, nor was there a breakdown of the junctional complexes
      between luminal cells. These data suggest that verapamil may be safely used
      intravesically as adjunct to standard chemotherapy.

PMID- 4060367
TI  - A device for treatment of destrusor hyperreflexia by bio-feedback.
AB  - Treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia is still a difficult field. Recently bio
      feedback has been described as a successful treatment of voiding dysfunction. In
      this paper we describe a device, which makes it possible for the patients to
      register any pressure changes in the bladder.

PMID- 4060368
TI  - A model for a bladder replacement plasty by an ileal reservoir--an experimental
      study in dogs.
AB  - Cutaneous urinary diversion requires appliances, unless a pouch and a valve
      mechanism are used (Kock-pouch). In order to avoid a stoma, repeated self
      catheterizations, and the complications which may occur from malfunction of the
      distal valve, we created a modified ileal pouch with the advantages of a low
      pressure system with good capacity and no reflux. By anastomosing the distal part
      of the reservoir to the urethra and using the male patient's own sphincter, the
      second nipple can be avoided and a urostoma is obviated. The feasibility of this
      procedure has been studied in 4 dogs.

PMID- 4060369
TI  - Peristaltic activity in the normal renal pelvis of the pig during standardized
      perfusions.
AB  - The peristaltic activity in 36 normal pig pyeloureters in 19 pigs was
      investigated during various steady flow rates. Flow rates of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and
      20 ml/ureter/min resulted in a mean frequency of 4.5, 4.9, 4.4, 4.2, 4.2 and 5.1
      peristaltic events/min respectively. The frequency of peristalsis was thus
      independent of flow rate and also of baseline pressure but showed a weak relation
      to the magnitude of the mean perfusion pressure. The peristaltic activity is
      generally constant at all physiological flow rates in the steady state. This
      standardized study therefore confirms previous observations in showing that urine
      transport mainly is regulated by changes in the bolus size.

PMID- 4060370
TI  - Intra-renal reflux.
AB  - A new model for the study of intra-renal reflux (IRR) is proposed. The renal
      pelvis of human kidneys, either obtained from cadavers or removed surgically, was
      injected, at increasing pressures, with dye solutions to investigate intra-renal
      reflux. To reproduce physiological conditions as closely as possible, arterial
      perfusion was performed, either continuously or by means of a peristaltic pump,
      so that a predetermined pressure in the vascular system could be obtained.
      Comparison was made between results obtained by this technique and the results
      reported in the literature and previously recorded by the present authors without
      any perfusion of the vascular system. Our results show significant diffusion of
      the vascular system. Our results show significant differences in the threshold of
      IRR compared to data from experiments in which vascular perfusion was not
      simultaneously performed. It can be concluded that, under physiological
      conditions, intrarenal flux occurs at pressures of 40 cm H2O, and pyelovenous
      reflux at pressures of 60-70 cm H2O.

PMID- 4060371
TI  - Experimental study of the pressure-volume and pressure-time relations in the
      completely obstructed pelvis of the porcine kidney. Part 4: Instability and blow
      out.
AB  - In a series of experiments with pigs the completely obstructed renal pelvis was
      filled with Ringer's lactate at a constant rate of 2 ml/min until the pressure
      did not longer increase linearly. By means of continuous X-ray monitoring and
      histological examination of the infused kidneys it was found that blow out may
      occur at pressure levels individually varying from 60 to 180 mmHg. The
      histological features of this phenomenon are presented and the clinical
      significance is discussed.

PMID- 4060372
TI  - [Percutaneous nephrostolithotomy. Technic and learning curve].
AB  - The closed controlled manipulation of the urinary tract (endourology) has
      provided rapid advances in urologic therapy. Various methods are available for
      percutaneous stone removal. After 300 p.c. nephrostolithotomies we present the
      'learning curve' leading to our technique of endourologic stone manipulation.

PMID- 4060373
TI  - [Diagnosis of kidney diseases with magnetic resonance tomography including the
      use of nuclear magnetic resonance contrast media].
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging of normal and pathological kidneys and the method of
      examination are demonstrated. The anatomy of the kidneys is excellently displayed
      by means of magnetic resonance imaging which can also distinguish between the
      renal cortex and renal medulla. Renal tumors and cysts can easily be recognized
      and differentiated by means of magnetic resonance imaging and the extension of
      the tumor (staging) can be defined. The principles of magnetic resonance imaging
      contrast media are described as well as the primary results obtained from
      administration of contrast media in volunteers. At the present time, ultrasound
      and computed tomography are the first imaging methods in recognition and
      differentiation of space occupying lesions of the kidneys. Magnetic resonance
      imaging should only be utilised in complicated cases, e.g. haemorrhagic cysts or
      when computed tomographic results show a suspected tumor invasion of the renal
      vein or tumor thrombus in the vena cava.

PMID- 4060374
TI  - [Extent of natural variation of the longitudinal axis of the kidney collecting
      system].
AB  - Since the position of the longitudinal axis of the renal pelvis is of special
      significance in the diagnosis of the renal masses, the physiological range of the
      angle formed by this axis and the spine was determined by retrospective
      evaluation of 516 urograms. Up to the age of 11, in boys and girls the angle
      increases without side difference. In the adult, the position of the kidney is
      more transverse in men than in women, the left angle being smaller than the right
      one in both, male and female. The lateral contour of psoas muscle changes in
      similar fashion except for the side difference. Moreover, the decrease in size of
      the adrenal glands in early childhood is thought to be responsible for the
      rotation of the kidneys. Neither the kidney's shape nor its position respective
      to the spine proved significant for the position of the axis. The right kidney
      constantly being in a position nearly one vertebra lower than the left one, both
      sink caudad about 2/3 of a vertebra after the age of 50.

PMID- 4060375
TI  - [Urethral duplication in the male].
AB  - The rare duplications of the male urethra--only 210 cases are described till now-
      are found as many different variations. Only few of these malformations are
      symptomatic. The embryology is not always clear. Several classifications have
      been proposed, often too complicated or incomplete. We think, that our
      classification avoids these disadvantages. Each duplication is systematically
      classified in a morphological way according to the type of orifice (epispadiac,
      normotopic on the glans, hypospadiac, perineo-anal), without urinary transport
      (distal abortive types) or with urinary transport. The latter type can be
      complete (if a channel exists between bladder and an external meatus) or
      incomplete (if a channel exists between bladder and any point of the normal
      urethra or between the normal urethra and any accessory meatus). Four cases are
      reported and therapeutical aspects are discussed.

PMID- 4060376
TI  - [Delayed reconstruction following post-traumatic renal artery thrombosis].
AB  - A case of delayed revascularisation surgery three days after a traumatic renal
      artery thrombosis is presented. Criteria for a successful operation, with saving
      of the involved organ, are: normal kidney size, intact glomeruli and
      visualization of the kidney by contrast-medium.

PMID- 4060377
TI  - [Multifocal bilateral renal adenocarcinomas].
AB  - A case of a young patient with bilateral multifocal renal adenocarcinoma is
      reported. Treatment consisted of bilateral nephrectomy and hemodialysis followed
      by renal transplantation. The influence of genetic factors on the development of
      this disease is discussed.

PMID- 4060378
TI  - [Testicular and epididymal metastasis of prostate cancer].
AB  - Metastatic testicular carcinoma is unusual. A case of carcinoma of the prostate
      with metastases to the testis and epididymis is reported. Routes of metastatic
      spread of neoplasm to the testis are discussed. Easily removable cancer may
      remain in the scrotum when using the socalled subcapsular orchiectomy without
      complete removal of the scrotal contents.

PMID- 4060379
TI  - [Micturition disorder as a sequela of sacral autonomic diabetic neuropathy].
AB  - Diabetic neuropathy may manifest itself also in the autonomous nervous system and
      thus lead to a functional disorder of the urinary bladder. Urodynamic studies
      carried out in 11 diabetic patients with unclear bladder dysfunction allowed 2
      forms of bladder anomalies to be identified: 1. detrusor hyperreflexia, 2.
      hyporeflexia and areflexia of the detrusor. Whereas hyperreflexia is clinically
      characterised by signs of motor urgency, hyporeflexia is mainly identifiable by
      residual urine formation and recurrent infections of the urinary tract. Therapy
      depends on the type of dysfunction and consists of physiotherapeutic measures,
      drug therapy and occasionally surgery.

PMID- 4060381
TI  - Chyluria--a review of the literature.

PMID- 4060380
TI  - [Magnesium excretion in recurrent calcium urolithiasis].
AB  - Patients with recurrent non-infectious calcium urolithiasis were classified
      metabolically (122 patients). When the magnesium excretion was measured in the
      metabolic subgroups, a subset of patients (21.6%) could be identified with marked
      hypomagnesuria as the only metabolic abnormality. A significantly reduced rate of
      magnesium excretion was found in these normocalciuric stone formers while
      assessing the overall 24-h urine magnesium excretion or the 24-h urine and
      fasting urine magnesium to calcium ratio. These differences were apparently not
      due to factors that might modify renal magnesium excretion, such as parathyroid
      function, hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, alimentary sodium load, age and sex.

PMID- 4060382
TI  - Value of routine radionuclide bone scans in renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - Radionuclide bone scans were obtained as part of the routine evaluation of 85
      patients with renal cell carcinoma. Twenty-nine patients (34%) were found to have
      metastatic disease at presentation. Bone scans were abnormal in 27 of these 29
      patients for a sensitivity of 93 per cent; of the remaining 56 without metastatic
      disease, 48 had normal bone scans for a specificity of 86 per cent. In all
      patients whose abnormal bone scans indicated metastatic disease, there were
      either clinical signs (bone pain), laboratory findings (elevated alkaline
      phosphatase), or routine radiographic procedures (chest roentgenogram,
      intravenous pyelogram, or angiogram) suggesting disease metastatic to bone.
      Although bone scanning was useful for confirming clinically or radiographically
      suspected metastatic disease, it did not influence the staging of the renal cell
      carcinoma in any patient. We therefore conclude that bone scans should be used to
      confirm the presence and to determine the extent of osseous metastases in
      patients with renal cell carcinoma but are unnecessary as a routine staging
      procedure.

PMID- 4060383
TI  - Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to incidental adrenal mass.
AB  - Finding an adrenal mass incidentally during a routine CT scan of the abdomen has
      occurred with increasing frequency since the introduction of the CT scan. Most of
      the reported tumors have been nonfunctional and benign adrenal adenomas. Other
      benign adrenal tumors also have been reported. The functional capacity and size
      of the tumor, the age of the patient, and the radiologic features of the mass are
      important factors in differentiating malignant from benign adrenal tumors. A
      diagnostic and therapeutic approach is recommended to avoid unnecessary surgery
      for benign disease.

PMID- 4060384
TI  - Congenital arteriovenous malformation of kidney in pregnancy.
AB  - Two cases of rupture of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the kidney during
      pregnancy are reported. The surgical options are presented, and a new
      classification of arteriovenous malformation is proposed.

PMID- 4060385
TI  - Result of treatment of patients with stage D1 prostatic carcinoma.
AB  - Between 1972 and 1982, 59 patients who had documented pelvic lymph node
      metastases, proved by pelvic lymphadenectomy, were available for analysis.
      Radical retropubic prostatectomy was the primary treatment in 33 patients with or
      without other therapies, while 23 patients received external beam radiation
      therapy as their primary treatment. Three patients received hormonal therapy
      alone. Forty-two of 59 patients are alive for a crude survival of 71 per cent.
      Sixteen patients have died of metastases. Patients with low-grade tumors, small
      tumor burden, and limited lymph node metastases had excellent short-term survival
      after radical prostatectomy.

PMID- 4060386
TI  - Effect of preoperative channel transurethral prostatectomy on complications of
      125iodine implantation in carcinoma of prostate.
AB  - Patients receiving 125Iodine implantation and pelvic lymphadenectomy for
      clinically localized prostatic carcinoma were divided into two groups, with one
      group receiving a preoperative channel transurethral prostatectomy. The groups
      were matched according to clinical stage and histologic grade. Complications were
      classified as operative, short-term, and long-term. Although preoperative channel
      transurethral prostatectomy was associated with a greater incidence of surgical
      procedures after implantation, the overall complication rate did not differ
      between the two groups. The overall mortality rate and the incidence of
      progression of Stage C tumors did not differ between the two groups.

PMID- 4060387
TI  - Urologic use of gracilis muscle flap for nonhealing perineal wounds and fistulas.
AB  - A chronic sinus or urinary fistula in the perineum secondary to surgery and/or
      radiation therapy for pelvic malignancy may cause serious morbidity and be
      difficult to treat. The gracilis muscle, either by itself or as a myocutaneous
      flap, has excellent properties for aiding in healing. Over a six-year period,
      three nonhealing perineal wounds and three urinary fistulas have healed after the
      gracilis muscle flap procedure.

PMID- 4060388
TI  - Intrasinusal pyelocalicotomy with lower pole nephrotomy for removal of renal
      stones.
AB  - A small renal sinus often limits exposure of the intrarenal pelvis and restrains
      the sinus approach for removal of renal stones. For 14 such cases, we used a
      lower pole nephrotomy combined with extended pyelolithotomy. Incision of the
      renal parenchyma through the intersegmental avascular plane greatly facilitated
      exposure of the intrarenal collecting system and enabled stone removal through
      the longitudinal incision of the collecting system. The indication for operative
      technique and results of the procedure are described.

PMID- 4060389
TI  - Single cylinder penile prosthesis.
AB  - The single cylinder penile prosthesis is a viable procedure. It has many
      advantages. Its success depends on the careful selection, counseling, and follow
      up of the patients and their partners.

PMID- 4060390
TI  - Enuresis as protective factor in vesicoureteral reflux.
AB  - In 83 patients with non-neurologic, nonoperated vesicoureteral reflux the
      relation between enuresis and nephropathy was analyzed. The material showed that
      in spite of identical age, sex distribution, previous history of recurrent
      urinary tract infections, and the number of refluxing units, patients with
      enuresis showed a significantly lower degree of reflux nephropathy. This
      significant difference was even more pronounced when the age of the patients was
      considered. Thus patients below the age of ten showed reflux nephropathy in 25
      per cent of the refluxing units in enuretic patients compared with 30.8 per cent
      in the nonenuretic patients. Above the age of ten 76.2 per cent of the refluxing
      units showed renal scarring in the nonenuretics compared with 27.8 per cent in
      the enuretics. The study stresses the importance of lower urinary tract
      malfunction in the pathogenesis of reflux. Enuresis might act as a safety valve
      mechanism reducing the possibility of reflux nephropathy.

PMID- 4060391
TI  - Surgery of pelvic renal ectopia: a new approach.
AB  - We present 5 patients with ectopic pelvic kidneys who underwent surgery for
      associated disorders. In addition, the kidneys were repositioned to a higher
      location where they are less likely to interfere with vaginal delivery at a later
      date. Ectopic kidneys are mobile, and the vessels and ureters have sufficient
      length to allow for their repositioning.

PMID- 4060392
TI  - Percutaneous microexplosion nephrolithotripsy.
AB  - We developed the technique of microexplosion for the destruction of bladder
      stones and have used it since 1981 with good results. The procedure is safe and
      simple. A renal pelvic stone in a seventy-one-year-old woman was successfully
      destroyed by microexplosion using a percutaneous approach. We believe this is the
      first clinical report on the use of microexplosion for upper urinary tract
      calculi.

PMID- 4060393
TI  - Presacral kidney.

PMID- 4060394
TI  - Parameatal urethral cysts.
AB  - Two cases of parameatal urethral cysts in boys are reported. Both had been
      present from early infancy. The etiology of parameatal urethral cysts is
      discussed.

PMID- 4060395
TI  - Biopsy of ureteral tumor in patient with ileal conduit.
AB  - A patient with ileal conduit and recent dilation of the left upper collecting
      system had flexible fiberoptic endoscopy of the ileal loop. The entire lumen of
      the intestinal conduit and the ureteroileal anastomosis were visualized. In
      addition retrograde pyelography and direct vision biopsy of a tumor in the ureter
      were performed.

PMID- 4060396
TI  - Nephrogenic adenoma associated with interstitial cystitis.
AB  - A nephrogenic adenoma occurring in a forty-five-year-old male with a past history
      of urinary tract infection and interstitial cystitis is described. Four years
      after the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis, nephrogenic adenoma developed. The
      patient underwent a total cystoprostatectomy and urinary diversion for bilateral
      vesicoureteral reflux and progressive and incapacitating symptoms that persisted
      in spite of accepted standards of management for this disease. This case further
      supports the role of chronic inflammatory processes of the bladder in the
      subsequent development of nephrogenic adenoma.

PMID- 4060397
TI  - Coiled tip catheter for measuring intravesical pressure.

PMID- 4060398
TI  - Percutaneous litho-tricks.

PMID- 4060399
TI  - Practical exchange technique for removal of ureteral calculi.

PMID- 4060401
TI  - Ectopic prostatic tissue in urethra.
AB  - Ectopic prostatic tissue in the urethra is an uncommon lesion. It appears more
      often in young males. The common presenting symptoms are hematuria or
      hemospermia. It is a benign lesion, and transurethral fulguration is believed to
      be adequate treatment.

PMID- 4060400
TI  - Nephrogenic adenoma: benign proliferative lesion of urothelium.
AB  - Three new cases of a rare benign proliferative lesion of the urothelium
      (nephrogenic adenoma) are hereby added to the existent 58 reported cases. All 3
      lesions occurred in the bladder. Two of the 3 cases presented with a history of
      surgical interventions on the bladder, and the third patient had a history of
      chronic cystitis and pyelonephritis, and was on chronic dialysis. Diagnosis was
      made on histologic examination of cystoscopic biopsy of the lesions.
      Transurethral resection and/or fulguration was the treatment of choice. There was
      no recurrence of the lesions on follow-up cystoscopic examination.

PMID- 4060402
TI  - Colonic carcinoma involving the bladder.

PMID- 4060403
TI  - Objective assessment of resistance of female urethra to stress. A scale to
      establish degree of urethral incompetence.
AB  - During urethral pressure profile (UPP) studies under gradually increasing stress,
      the maximum urethral closure pressure decreases. This observation led to a simple
      urodynamic test which allows the estimation of the maximum stress (intensity of
      cough) tolerated by the urethra before leakage begins. The determination of this
      critical pressure forms the basis of the urethral incompetence scale. The urethra
      of a female patient can be characterized by the amplitude of this maximum stress
      (in cm H2O) the urethra can handle and still remain continent. The cough
      intensity scale has been divided into 5 segments, defining 5 degrees of urethral
      incompetence. The critical pressure, which determines the degree of urethral
      incompetence is a constant value for a given patient, provided the bladder volume
      is kept constant and the position of the patient during the examination is
      unchanged. This method establishes the functional status of the female urethra as
      far as its sphincteric capabilities are concerned under different stress
      conditions. It represents the degree of pressure transmission from the abdominal
      cavity to the proximal urethra during stress. It evaluates objectively the
      functional results of different surgical or medical therapeutic modalities to
      cure genuine stress incontinence. It allows a better selection of patients with
      unstable bladder and genuine stress incontinence who will more likely benefit
      from a retropubic cystourethropexy.

PMID- 4060404
TI  - [Rheo-ophthalmographic research on patients with primary open-angle glaucoma].

PMID- 4060405
TI  - [Laser treatment of early postoperative complications in glaucoma].

PMID- 4060406
TI  - [Fluorescence iridoangiography in assessing microcirculatory function of the iris
      after laser iridectomy].

PMID- 4060408
TI  - [Effect of closed vitrectomy on eye function and the course of proliferative
      diabetic retinopathy].

PMID- 4060407
TI  - [Current possibilities for using a modification of Fukala's operation for
      correcting high myopia].

PMID- 4060409
TI  - [Preliminary experience in accomplishing the 1st stage of ophthalmological
      dispensary care for the rural population].

PMID- 4060410
TI  - [Evaluation of the therapeutic and toxico-allergic activity of streptodecase
      based on radionuclide and electrophysiological research methods].

PMID- 4060411
TI  - [Principles of choice and potentials of general anesthesia in pediatric
      ophthalmic microsurgery].

PMID- 4060412
TI  - [Chlorpropamide-alcohol test in diabetic retinopathy patients].

PMID- 4060413
TI  - [Use of vitamin E in the combined treatment of patients with central involutional
      chorioretinal dystrophies].

PMID- 4060414
TI  - [Circulatory and trophic changes in the retina and optic nerve in patients with
      nervous system diseases].

PMID- 4060415
TI  - [Experience in using liquid-crystal thermography in ophthalmological practice].

PMID- 4060416
TI  - [Dynamic refraction and accommodation studied on an accommodation-convergence
      trainer (AKT-02)].

PMID- 4060417
TI  - [Short-distance visual acuity].

PMID- 4060418
TI  - [Early and differential diagnosis of primary glaucoma].

PMID- 4060419
TI  - [Experience with the autotransfusion of ultraviolet-irradiated blood in
      ophthalmology].

PMID- 4060420
TI  - [Permanent eye magnet with regulatable magnetic force].

PMID- 4060421
TI  - [Removal of nonmagnetic and imbedded magnetic fragments from the eye].

PMID- 4060422
TI  - [Modification of Flieringa's ring for combined operations with opening of the
      eyeball].

PMID- 4060423
TI  - [Characteristics of the geographical distribution of glaucoma in the Dagestan
      ASSR].

PMID- 4060424
TI  - [Retinal diktyoma with metastasis to the submandibular lymph nodes].

PMID- 4060425
TI  - [Hemodynamics of patients with low-tension glaucoma].

PMID- 4060427
TI  - [Fluorescent iridoangiography in patients with compensated open-angle glaucoma
      with artiphakia].

PMID- 4060426
TI  - [Combined surgery in cataract associated with glaucoma].

PMID- 4060428
TI  - [Pre- and postoperative treatment in cataract surgery].

PMID- 4060429
TI  - [Immediate results of intraocular correction of aphakia with soft anterior
      chamber intraocular lenses].

PMID- 4060430
TI  - [New surgical intervention for closure of a retinal tear in the area of the
      macula lutea].

PMID- 4060431
TI  - [Role of compensation in diabetes mellitus in the development of diabetic
      retinopathy].

PMID- 4060432
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of keratomycoses in clinical practice].

PMID- 4060433
TI  - [Current problems in ocular traumatism].

PMID- 4060434
TI  - [Treatment of corneal ulcer caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

PMID- 4060435
TI  - [Use of diaphragms to solve the problem of the advisability of contact or
      surgical correction of ametropia].

PMID- 4060436
TI  - [Evaluation of the functional capacity of the macular area according to the
      results of the photo-stress test in welders].

PMID- 4060437
TI  - [Method of detecting bifixation].

PMID- 4060438
TI  - [Fusion capacity in evaluation of the late results of treatment of concomitant
      strabismus].

PMID- 4060439
TI  - [Pathogenesis of hyperfunction of the inferior oblique muscles in esotropia].

PMID- 4060440
TI  - [Effect of phonophoresis of the preparation ENKAD on cytochemical indices of the
      cornea of animals of different ages].

PMID- 4060441
TI  - [Morphofunctional criteria for metabolic disorders of the human cornea in
      secondary post-contusion glaucoma].

PMID- 4060443
TI  - [Ultrasonic instruments in the treatment of glaucoma].

PMID- 4060442
TI  - [Methodologic approaches to broadening the diagnostic capabilities of clinical
      electroretinography].

PMID- 4060444
TI  - [Improved construction of a trephine with a sectoral crown].

PMID- 4060445
TI  - [Soviet 3-mirror gonioscope].

PMID- 4060446
TI  - [Geographic aspects of senile cataract morbidity].

PMID- 4060447
TI  - [Current status and ways of further improving the effectiveness of postgraduate
      training of ophthalmologists in institutes and colleges for the advanced training
      of physicians].

PMID- 4060448
TI  - [Use of a fluorescein solution of reduced concentration in the diagnosis of
      corneal erosions].

PMID- 4060449
TI  - [Filtering variants of trabeculectomy in open-angle glaucoma].

PMID- 4060451
TI  - [Differential approach to evaluation of the mechanism of the effect of noise on
      the organ of hearing in relation to its frequency characteristics (clinico
      experimental study)].

PMID- 4060450
TI  - [Case of keratoconjunctivitis of gonorrheal etiology].

PMID- 4060452
TI  - [Characteristics of amplitude-time characteristics of long-latent auditory evoked
      potentials is relation to stimulation parameters in healthy persons].

PMID- 4060453
TI  - [Vascular shunting of the cochlea. Report 2].

PMID- 4060454
TI  - [Role of clinical audiology in the diagnosis of intralabyrinthine hydrops in
      internal ear diseases of different etiologies].

PMID- 4060455
TI  - [Rhinosinusogenic abscesses of the brain].

PMID- 4060456
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of patients with otogenic abscesses of the cerebral and
      cerebellar hemispheres].

PMID- 4060458
TI  - [Participation of otorhinolaryngologists in general dispensarization of
      agricultural workers].

PMID- 4060457
TI  - [Diagnosis of otoantritis in infants and young children with hypotrophy].

PMID- 4060459
TI  - [Rhinolith with multiple complications].

PMID- 4060460
TI  - [Mucocele of maxillary sinus requiring reconstruction of the facial wall and
      intranasal structures].

PMID- 4060461
TI  - [Live foreign body in the upper respiratory tract].

PMID- 4060462
TI  - [Universal calibrator of nystagmus].

PMID- 4060463
TI  - [A method of treatment of idiopathic cerebrospinal rhinorrhea].

PMID- 4060464
TI  - [Optimal methods of treatment of patients with laryngeal cancer].

PMID- 4060465
TI  - [Hormonal contraceptives and singers' voice].

PMID- 4060466
TI  - [Auditory evoked potentials of brain stem during acoustic and electric
      stimulation of the guinea pig cochlea].

PMID- 4060467
TI  - [Nature of frequency-induced potentials and their dynamics in various forms of
      hearing disorders].

PMID- 4060468
TI  - [Changes in the function of the left/heart ventricle in very obese patients
      during combined anesthesia with ketalar and artificial ventilation of the lungs].

PMID- 4060469
TI  - [Surgical treatment of varicose veins of the lower limbs in a polyclinic].

PMID- 4060470
TI  - [Securing the passage of intestinal contents in complete intestinal fistula].

PMID- 4060471
TI  - [A needle for intraoperative cholangiography].

PMID- 4060472
TI  - [Individual aspiration inhalator].

PMID- 4060473
TI  - [Substitution of an electric lamp in the surgical microscope "Karl Zeiss Jena"
      (East Germany)].

PMID- 4060474
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of early complications of selective proximal vagotomy].
AB  - When performing the selective proximal vagotomy the operations draining the
      stomach were shown to aggravate the existing disturbances of the motor-evacuatory
      function of the stomach, to result in the development of the dumping syndrome,
      duodenogastral reflux. The exclusion of the duodenum with the formation of
      gastroentero- and Y-shaped enteroenteroanastomoses is indicated in cases with the
      pronounced cicatricial-ulcerous alterations of the pylorobulbar zone preventing
      the performing of pyloroplasty after Finney and Miculicz.

PMID- 4060475
TI  - [Transpyloric prolapse (clinical evaluation and surgical tactics)].
AB  - The indications for the surgical treatment of patients with transpyloric prolapse
      based upon results of surgery on 38 patients are discussed. It was shown that the
      method and volume of the surgical intervention must be individual and depend on
      data of analysis of results of the clinico-instrumental and morpho-functional
      methods of research.

PMID- 4060476
TI  - [Indications for surgery in acute and chronic hepatitis].
AB  - The author considers that the participation of surgeons in the treatment of
      patients with acute and chronic hepatitis may be promising. The operation for
      acute hepatitis is aimed at liquidation of another disease of the patients, that
      for chronic hepatitic is fulfilled in order to relieve severe manifestations of
      the disease.

PMID- 4060477
TI  - [Surgical treatment of hemangiomas of the liver].
AB  - An experience with 18 resections of the liver for hemangiomas is presented.
      Hemangioma of the liver is thought to be an indication for radical operation
      (resection of the organ). A removal of a hemangioma weighing 5500 g is described.
      Recommendations are given for the prevention of complications.

PMID- 4060478
TI  - [Radiation treatment of postoperative recurrence of lung cancer].
AB  - Under study were results of radiation therapy for local recurrent lung cancer
      after extended and combined resections in 62 out of 960 (6,5 %) of operated
      patients. The most effective treatment is considered to be radiation therapy for
      a recurrence under conditions of a usual (by 2 Gr) fractional irradiation up to
      the total dose of 50-60 Gr. An improvement was obtained in half of the patients.
      In a third of patients with a local recurrent cancer after operation the life was
      two years longer than in patients without radiation therapy.

PMID- 4060479
TI  - [Surgical tactics in the treatment of patients with arterial hypertension of
      adrenal origin].
AB  - On the basis of the surgical treatment of 199 patients with different
      pathological conditions frequently followed by the development of arterial
      hypertension of the adrenal origin the authors describe specific features and
      problems of diagnosis of this kind of symptomatic hypertension. All these
      features and diagnostic problems should be taken into consideration when
      determining indications for surgery.

PMID- 4060480
TI  - [Selection of surgical approach in operations on the adrenal glands].
AB  - The problem of the operative access is discussed on the basis of the experience
      with 237 operations on the adrenals for different pathological conditions. The
      author proposes the extrapleural-extraperitoneal access through the bed of the
      resected XI rib as an expedient one in most cases. Thoracophrenolumbotomy in the
      Xth intercostal space is thought to be expedient for pheochromocytoma (of any
      size) and great tumors of other nature. The laparotomic access to the adrenals is
      believed to be less convenient.

PMID- 4060482
TI  - [Removal of a phytobezoar during gastroscopy].

PMID- 4060481
TI  - [Complicated abscesses of the lungs].
AB  - The work is based upon the treatment of 445 patients with complicated abscesses
      of the lungs for the period from 1963 to 1984. 158 operations were performed in
      149 patients. General lethality in patients with complicated abscesses of the
      lungs was 11%. The operative treatment is thought to be absolutely indicated in
      patients with abscesses of the lungs complicated by hemorrhage and in patients
      with gangrenous abscesses of the lungs.

PMID- 4060483
TI  - [Incarcerated femoral hernia in an elderly patient].

PMID- 4060484
TI  - [Echinococcosis of the soft tissues of the pelvis].

PMID- 4060485
TI  - [Treatment of non-healing trophic ulcers of the lower limbs by long-term
      novocaine block combined with collagen preparations].

PMID- 4060486
TI  - [Characteristics of various parameters of homeostasis in suppurative-septic
      complications of severe trauma].
AB  - In pyo-septic complications of a severe mechanical isolated trauma there are
      regular changes in homeostasis. The direction and degree of the changes of
      biochemical and immunological parameters within the first 3 days may be a
      prognostic criterion of the clinical course of the postshock period whether
      complicated or noncomplicated.

PMID- 4060487
TI  - [Acute cholecystitis in severely burned patients].
AB  - Acute acalculous cholecystitis in burned patients develops due to general
      disturbances of microcirculation of polyetiological origin. Early laparotomy can
      facilitate diagnosis of acute acalculous cholecystitis in burned patients.
      Rapidly developing destruction of the gallbladder walls requires an active
      surgical tactics.

PMID- 4060488
TI  - [Transosseous osteosynthesis in fractures of bones of the elbow joint].
AB  - The experience with the treatment of 64 patients with fresh fractures of the
      elbow joint bones by the method of percutaneous osteosynthesis with the Ilizarov
      apparatus has shown its high efficiency in the treatment of such injuries.

PMID- 4060489
TI  - [Combined injuries of the heart and large and small intestines].

PMID- 4060490
TI  - [Helium-neon lasers in the treatment of suppurative-inflammatory diseases in
      children].
AB  - The use of radiation of the helium-neon laser makes time of the treatment of
      patients with purulent processes 4-6 days shorter, prevents the formation of
      rough scars and deformities at the place of the former purulent wound. The laser
      irradiation is especially effective when combined with proteolytic enzymes.

PMID- 4060491
TI  - [Contrast roentgenography of the elbow joint in children].
AB  - The investigation of roentgenograms made after a preliminary contrast study of
      the elbow joint has shown that traumas may be followed by pathological changes of
      the cartilaginous tissue, elbow bursa and filling of the fossae of the olecranon
      and coronary processes by scarry and osseous tissue. The pathological changes
      mentioned above result in disturbances of the movement of the elbow joint.

PMID- 4060492
TI  - [Isolated fracture of humeral eminence in children].
AB  - Fracture of the humeral bone block can be recognized by a lateral rentgenogram.
      An abnormal ratio of bones in the joint is seen as an overlaping of the elbow
      bone metaphysis shadow upon the shadow of the capitate eminence of the humeral
      bone in the shape of a crescent.

PMID- 4060493
TI  - [Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in children].

PMID- 4060494
TI  - [Rupture of the liver in a newborn infant].

PMID- 4060495
TI  - [A method of correction of hemorheological disorders in patients with
      thrombobliterating diseases of the peripheral arteries of the limbs].
AB  - Methods of plasm- and plasmoerythrocytapheresis in combination with hemodilution
      were used in 28 patients with thrombobliterating diseases of the extremity
      arteries. A conclusion is made of the necessary detection of hemorheological
      disturbances in this group of patients. The methods used were shown to be
      promising. The correlation was established between changes of the rheological
      properties of blood and clinical course of the disease.

PMID- 4060496
TI  - [Early relaparotomy].
AB  - An analysis of 14565 operations on organs of the abdominal cavity has shown that
      main causes of early relaparotomies were peritonites (47,4%), intestinal
      obstruction (33,3%), eventration of the abdominal organs (16,0%) and
      hemoperitoneum (3,3%). The highest lethality was after postoperative peritonitis
      (54,1%). For the recent 10 years the total lethality has become 31,6% lower due
      to better diagnosis and early relaparotomies.

PMID- 4060497
TI  - [Prevention of acute postoperative pancreatitis].
AB  - Results of an analysis of 4287 operations on organs of the abdomen have shown the
      frequency of acute pancreatitis after different surgical interventions to be
      0,9%. This complication was more frequent after operations on the stomach
      (4,24%), less frequent after operations on biliary ducts (1,3%). Decompression of
      the biliary ducts and the gastro-intestinal tract reduced the frequency of acute
      pancreatitis after operations on the abdominal organs from 1,13% to 0,6%.

PMID- 4060498
TI  - [Use of leukoconcentrate in the treatment of postoperative suppurative
      complications in cardiosurgical patients with immunosuppression].
AB  - Skin tests with a complex of antigens have revealed anergy in the postoperative
      period in 17 out of 116 patients with acquired heart diseases. Postoperative
      purulent complications were observed in 13 out of them. They were effectively
      treated by repeated transfusions of concentrations of the donor compatible
      leukocytes.

PMID- 4060499
TI  - [Perfusion microfilter for blood].
AB  - The authors have developed a variant of microfilters for extracorporal perfusions
      possessing the following functional characteristics: square surface of filtrating
      elements 150 cm2, volume of filling 80 ml, efficiency not less than 6 1/min,
      filtration of micro-aggregates 30 mkm and more in 70-98%. The microfilter may be
      used in the arterial line and in the line of the cardiotomic suction.

PMID- 4060500
TI  - [Traumatic shock (concerning the article by P.K. D'iachenko "Disputable problems
      of traumatic shock and clinical practice")].

PMID- 4060501
TI  - [Is it wise to return to old methods in the treatment of fractures? (concerning
      the article by A.A. Korzh "Various progressive and non-progressive tendencies in
      the treatment of fractures")].

PMID- 4060502
TI  - [Endoscopic diagnosis and removal of foreign bodies from upper segments of the
      digestive tract].
AB  - The authors have made an analysis of urgent endoscopic examinations performed on
      165 patients with foreign bodies in the upper part of the digestive tract. The
      occurrence and character of foreign bodies in different organs, extraction with
      the help of an endoscope, prevention of possible complications are considered.

PMID- 4060503
TI  - [25-year experience with surgical treatment of stomach cancer].
AB  - Based on an analysis of the surgical treatment of 4107 patients with gastric
      cancer the author discusses indications for different radical operations,
      specific features of the method of gastrectomy used in 1090 out of 1649 patients
      subjected to radical operations. Better immediate results of gastrectomies were
      obtained due to the improvement of the operation technique, preoperative and
      postoperative management of the patients. The average postoperative lethality was
      11%, that in the recent years being not higher than 9,4%. The long-term results
      of the surgical treatment of gastric cancer still remain not satisfactory.

PMID- 4060504
TI  - [Ways of preventing dumping syndrome after surgical treatment of stomach and
      duodenal ulcer].
AB  - An analysis of results of the examination and surgical treatment of 310 patients
      have shown that in patients with high predisposition to dumping-syndrome the
      following operations should be used: Billroth-I resection of the stomach (for
      gastric ulcers), selective proximal vagotomy or vagotomy with draining operations
      (for duodenal ulcers). Indications for the above operations should be determined
      with special reference to the state of the secretory and motor-evacuatory
      function of the stomach.

PMID- 4060505
TI  - [Treatment of patients with portal hypertension complicated by resistant
      ascites].
AB  - Indications, volume and technique of surgical procedures in patients with portal
      hypertension complicated by ascites are discussed. Original methods of external
      autoreinfusion of the ascitic fluid and peritoneo-jugular shunts are described.
      It is shown that the surgical measures of treatment of such patients must be
      gradually complicated from external ascitoreinfusion to intraperitoneal
      decompressive procedures.

PMID- 4060506
TI  - [Tactics in the management of patients with mechanical jaundice].
AB  - On the basis of examination of 320 patients with mechanical jaundice the authors
      recommend to begin the examination by performing retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography and if necessary to add transcutaneous transhepatic
      cholangiography. In all the cases an attempt should be made to resolve the
      jaundice before operation by means of nasobiliary drainage of bile ducts,
      endoscopic papillotomy, transhepatic cholangiostomy. In aggravating nonresolved
      jaundice the examination and attempts to resolve the jaundice by conservative
      measures should not take more than 4-5 days.

PMID- 4060507
TI  - [Percutaneous puncture of the pancreas controlled by computerized tomography].
AB  - The method of puncture biopsy under the control of computer tomography was used
      in 29 patients with diseases of the pancrease. Correct diagnosis was obtained in
      27 patients. In 13 patients aimed biopsy was associated with the aspiration of
      cysts (in 7 patients) and drainage (in 6 patients). No complications of punctures
      of the pancreas under the control of computer tomography were noted.

PMID- 4060508
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of acute intestinal obstruction in cancer of the large
      intestine].
AB  - A complex program of treatment of acute intestinal obstruction in carcinoma of
      the large bowel has been developed on the basis of an analysis of 71 patients.
      Urgent operations were performed in 70% of the patients with acute intestinal
      obstruction after a short preoperative preparing. Due to substantial metabolic
      and immunologic shifts the complex parenteral immunostimulating therapeutic
      measures are necessary in the postoperative period for all the patients.

PMID- 4060510
TI  - [Roentgenological-endovascular occlusion and ligation of internal iliac arteries
      in bleeding tumors of the bladder].
AB  - A comparative estimation of the effectiveness of hemostasis by means of ligation
      of the internal iliac arteries and roentgen-endovascular occlusion of these
      vessels was carried out in 30 patients with a bleeding carcinoma of the urinary
      bladder and prostate growing into its wall. For the occlusion of the internal
      iliac artery metallic spirals were used in 15 patients, in 4 of them they were
      used in combination with a gelatine sponge. The roentgen-endovascular occlusion
      is thought by the authors to be the method of choice.

PMID- 4060509
TI  - [Effect of partial ileoshunting on hyperlipoproteinemia in patients with
      atherosclerosis].
AB  - In 57 atherosclerotic patients with concomitant hyperlipoproteinemia operations
      of partial ileoshunts were performed consisting in shunting the distal third of
      the small intestine. The follow-up observation was up to 6 years. A persistent
      decrease of the elevated level of lipids and cholesterol of atherogenic LDL and
      VLDL was noted as well as a considerable and stable increase of the level of
      cholesterol of antiatherogenic very high density lipoproteins and a lower
      atherogeneity coefficient. It facilitates stabilization and regression of
      atherosclerosis.

PMID- 4060511
TI  - [Theoretical basis of algorithmic management in the early period of surgical
      infection].
AB  - The classical theory of algorithms was used in the clinic of surgical infections.
      The principles described are necessary in acute cases for the selection of
      correct methods of treatment of severe suppurations in the period when results of
      some laboratory analyses are not available yet.

PMID- 4060512
TI  - [Changes in pH of the wound medium in relation to the stage of the wound process
      in suppurative lactation mastitis].
AB  - In patients with purulent lactation mastitis the authors have revealed a shift in
      the wound media pH from the acid media in the phase of inflammation to alkaline
      media in the regeneration phase. The unceasing control of the medium pH changes
      facilitates the active influence upon the development of the wound pyo
      inflammatory process in order to shorten time of treatment of patients. The
      application of ultrasound for the treatment of patients with purulent lactation
      mastitis results in more rapid healing of the wound.

PMID- 4060513
TI  - [Effect of the local use of activated carbon fiber materials on the course of
      experimental wounds].

PMID- 4060514
TI  - [Removal of a foreign body from the heart in a central regional hospital].

PMID- 4060515
TI  - [Prognostic significance of changes in blood morphology in severe trauma].
AB  - The examination of 121 patients with traumas of adaptation reactions by
      morphological parameters of the white blood has shown them to be indices of non
      specific resistance of the organism elucidating the degree of the compensatory
      adaptative processes. The parameters in question may be used as subsidiary
      criteria for prognosis of the course of the traumatic disease.

PMID- 4060516
TI  - [Immunological shifts in trauma].
AB  - The level of immunoglobulins, complement and properdin, data of leukograms were
      studied in 40 patients with closed fractures of bones with noncomplicated and
      complicated (by a purulent infection) course of the posttraumatic period. The
      authors have established variants of changes of these parameters, their
      correlation with the adaptation reactions of the organism and severity of the
      trauma.

PMID- 4060517
TI  - [A table method for the evaluation of the severity and prognosis of the outcome
      of treatment of closed abdominal injuries].
AB  - A unified method for early prognosis of severity and results of the treatment of
      closed trauma of the abdomen has been developed and introduced into clinical
      practice. The method is based on the quantitative estimation of seven most
      important features characterizing the patient's state. It helps to find an
      adequate method of treatment and determine prognosis of more than 90% of the
      patients.

PMID- 4060518
TI  - [Treatment of severe combined cranio-cerebral injuries in a rural hospital].

PMID- 4060519
TI  - [Paraesophageal hiatal hernias in children].
AB  - Two main types of the clinical course of the disease were distinguished on the
      basis of the examination of great clinical material. They are the chronic course
      and incarcerated hernias. The clinical picture and treatment of children with
      paraesophageal hiatal hernias are described in detail. Main roentgenological
      features of the malformation are shown in association with the clinical course of
      the disease.

PMID- 4060520
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of non-parasitic cysts of the spleen in children].
AB  - The experience with the treatment of non-parasitic cysts of the spleen in
      children has shown that although careful assessment of the clinical and case
      history data facilitate the correct diagnosis the leading role should be given to
      laparoscopy fulfilled if necessary in combination with splenoportography or
      puncture of the splenic cyst. Splenectomy is the operation of choice for cysts of
      the spleen in children.

PMID- 4060521
TI  - Jobs for the boys and girls.

PMID- 4060522
TI  - Survey of the prevalence of warble fly larvae in market cattle in Great Britain.
AB  - A survey of warble-infested 'fat' cattle in 57 selected livestock markets in
      Great Britain was carried out during June 1972 and during May each year from 1973
      to 1984. The annual total number of cattle inspected varied from 41,587 to
      60,481. The level of infestation increased from 22.3 per cent in 1972 to 38.0 per
      cent in 1976 and then declined slightly to 34.3 per cent in 1978. Following the
      introduction of legislation and the warble fly eradication campaign in 1978 there
      was a rapid decrease to 8.6 per cent infestation by 1979 and by 1984 the level
      was less than 0.02 per cent.

PMID- 4060523
TI  - Art, science and mathematics: new approaches to animal health problems in the
      agricultural industry.
AB  - This article is about change; particularly the prospect for change in veterinary
      research during the last decade and a half of the 20th century. The title
      encapsulates the idea that veterinary medicine, if it is to be effective,
      periodically has to change its approach to solving animal health problems; that
      over the last century we have witnessed one major change, that from veterinary
      medicine as an art to veterinary medicine as a science, and that we are probably
      on the brink of another change, moving from a scientific or more correctly an
      experimental approach to a mathematical or observational approach.

PMID- 4060524
TI  - Survival rate of lambs after an injection of ewe's serum.

PMID- 4060525
TI  - Torsion of the oviduct in a Burmese python (Python molorus bivittatus).

PMID- 4060526
TI  - Opsonising ability of bovine uterine secretions during the oestrous cycle.

PMID- 4060527
TI  - Isolation of Brucella melitensis from sheep in Syria.

PMID- 4060528
TI  - Manpower review. "Cut intake 10 per cent" says review body.

PMID- 4060530
TI  - Chelonia hibernation warning.

PMID- 4060529
TI  - 1984 graduates: employment survey.

PMID- 4060531
TI  - Swayback and copper supplementation.

PMID- 4060532
TI  - Ototoxicity in the dog and cat.

PMID- 4060533
TI  - Prevalence of salmonellae in camels in Nigeria.

PMID- 4060534
TI  - Not enough graduates?

PMID- 4060535
TI  - To be or not to be.

PMID- 4060536
TI  - Wooldridge memorial lecture. Veterinary activities in Europe: present and future.

PMID- 4060537
TI  - Seasonal variation in semen quality of bulls and correlations with metabolic and
      endocrine parameters.
AB  - Sperm output and semen quality of 17 bulls sampled over 12 months showed minimal
      output in mid-winter and late summer and minimum quality in late summer. Monthly
      measurements of luteinising hormone and testosterone concentration in plasma and
      testosterone concentration in semen were made over 12 months. Serum non
      esterified fatty acids (NEFA), albumin and total protein were also measured for
      the final seven months of this period. Plasma testosterone showed a strong
      negative correlation with sperm numbers two months hence but not in the current
      month. Plasma testosterone by bull and semen testosterone by month was also
      correlated with sperm output. Plasma luteinising hormone three months and serum
      total protein two months prior was positively correlated with sperm numbers
      ejaculated and the normality of sperm morphology, possibly by affecting the
      luteinising hormone dependent A0 to A1 spermatogonial division. NEFA was
      correlated with initial and post freezing/thawing motility in the current month,
      possibly by affecting membrane stability. The value of examining the bull in
      diagnosing infertility of cows where nutritional stress may have occurred is
      suggested, as is the use of albumin/total protein and NEFA measurements as a
      prognostic aid for time to return to normality of function of such bulls.

PMID- 4060539
TI  - Cardiomyopathy associated with a curly hair coat in Poll Hereford calves in
      Australia.
AB  - Fifteen newborn Poll Hereford calves from five farms died over a three-and-a-half
      year period. From birth all calves had a tight, curly hair coat which was not
      observed on any other calves on these properties. All calves with this phenotype
      died before reaching six months of age. Seven of the 15 calves were noticed to
      have exercise intolerance, hyperpnoea and dyspnoea for one to seven days before
      death. The incidence of additional features of the curly hair coat phenotype is
      also described. Post mortem examinations conducted on the calves revealed focal,
      diffuse and pale fibrous streaking of the entire myocardium and vascular
      congestion of the livers, spleens and lungs. A primary cardiomyopathy was
      diagnosed on the basis of the clinical and pathological findings. Analysis of the
      pedigrees of seven affected calves from one farm demonstrated a common ancestor
      for all sires and dams of affected calves and suggested a simple autosomal
      recessive mode of inheritance of the syndrome as a reasonable hypothesis for
      future experimental testing.

PMID- 4060538
TI  - Prevention of renal carriage of leptospirosis in dogs by vaccination.
AB  - Dogs vaccinated with a Leptospira interrogans vaccine containing serogroups
      Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae and prepared from cultures grown in a protein
      free medium resisted challenge with heterologous representatives of these
      serogroups. In contrast, control dogs were pyrexic and leptospires were isolated
      from the blood for nine days following Canicola challenge and six days after
      Icterohaemorrhagiae challenge. Leptospires were isolated from the urine of
      controls throughout the post challenge period and from kidneys at post mortem
      examination of six out of six and four out of six Canicola and
      Icterohaemorrhagiae challenged controls, respectively. There have been no reports
      of hypersensitivity reactions to this vaccine since its introduction in 1980.

PMID- 4060540
TI  - Teratoma in a duck.

PMID- 4060541
TI  - Abomasal size and emptying time in healthy lambs and in lambs affected by watery
      mouth.
AB  - Contrast radiography (barium sulphate suspension fed by stomach tube) was used to
      assess abomasal profile area (a reflection of tone in the abomasal wall) and the
      rate of abomasal emptying in healthy lambs aged four to 144 hours and in lambs
      affected by watery mouth. In healthy lambs abomasal profile area increased from
      15.1 +/- 0.56 cm2/kg at four hours of age to 23.1 +/- 1.07 cm2/kg at 24 to 48
      hours (P less than 0.001). There was no change up to 48 to 72 hours but after
      this age there was a substantial decrease to 12.8 +/- 0.76 cm2/kg at 120 to 144
      hours (P less than 0.001). The rate of abomasal emptying decreased as abomasal
      profile area increased. Complete emptying of the abomasum was observed within
      three hours of feeding in the majority of lambs aged four hours (seven out of
      eight) and 120 to 144 hours (13 out of 16) but only in a minority of lambs aged
      24 to 48 hours (one out of 11). In lambs affected by watery mouth (mean age [+/-
      se] 33 +/- 2.8 hours, n = 34) abomasal profile area was greater and the rate of
      abomasal emptying was slower than in healthy lambs aged 24 to 48 hours. These
      findings confirm the previous suspicion that watery mouth is associated with an
      impairment of gut motility. Abomasal emptying time was prolonged in lambs aged
      four hours when either ewe or cow colostrum was included with the contrast
      medium. A similar effect was observed in lambs aged 24 to 48 hours when cow
      colostrum was included. The castration of lambs aged four hours with rubber rings
      immediately before the administration of contrast medium had no effect on the
      rate of abomasal emptying.

PMID- 4060542
TI  - Treatment of theileriosis with parvaquone in Zambia.
AB  - Parvaquone was used to treat 126 cattle with theileriosis. Theileria species
      schizonts were present in their lymph node biopsy smears and the majority of the
      animals had clinical signs of theileriosis. One hundred and fifteen treated and
      one untreated cattle survived the infection while 11 treated and 12 untreated
      animals died of the disease. Despite serological evidence of a parasite challenge
      during the subsequent rainy season, recovered cattle did not develop clinical
      signs of theileriosis but untreated cattle in the area continued to die from the
      disease. An intermittent low piroplasm parasitaemia (less than 1 per cent) was
      observed in recovered cattle for up to 14 months after detailed monitoring of
      cattle in the trial; this could be evidence for a carrier status for the
      Theileria species or strains involved.

PMID- 4060543
TI  - The destruction of the poultry meat inspection service in England and Wales.

PMID- 4060544
TI  - Effects of a demand valve on pulmonary ventilation in spontaneously breathing,
      anaesthetised horses.
AB  - The pressure flow characteristics of a demand valve which has been suggested to
      be suitable for use in anaesthetised horses were determined at a range of flow
      rates commonly encountered in equine anaesthesia. The resistance of the valve was
      found to be very much greater than the resistance of normal large animal
      anaesthetic apparatus or the equine lower respiratory tract. The effects of the
      valve on pulmonary ventilation were investigated in seven anaesthetised,
      intubated horses. Respiratory rate and dynamic compliance were unaffected by
      connection of the valve but mean tidal and minute volumes and peak flow rates
      were substantially reduced. The change in transpulmonary pressure over the
      respiratory cycle was doubled and indices of work of breathing increased by a
      factor of three. It was concluded that the resistance offered by the valve was
      too great for its use in spontaneously breathing horses to be recommended.

PMID- 4060545
TI  - Reversal of the effects of xylazine and xylazine/ketamine in red deer.

PMID- 4060546
TI  - Isolation of Yersinia species from pigs in Nigeria.

PMID- 4060547
TI  - Possible drug-induced keratoconjunctivitis sicca in a dog.

PMID- 4060548
TI  - Timing of copper oxide needle administration in sheep.

PMID- 4060549
TI  - The unexpected death--how well do we communicate?

PMID- 4060550
TI  - Blood content of broiler chicken carcases prepared by different slaughter
      methods.
AB  - Two trials using broiler chickens were undertaken to determine if variations in
      commercial slaughter techniques affected either the appearance or the residual
      blood content of the carcases produced. In the first trial groups of broilers
      were either stunned (55, 80 or 105 volts), electrocuted (240 volts) or
      anaesthetised and the subsequent bleed-out volumes after one, two, three and four
      minutes exsanguination were measured. The method of slaughter made no difference
      to the amount of blood lost after venesection. Haemoglobin content of the
      pectoral muscle was used to measure residual blood and was uniformly low in all
      groups (0.7 to 0.16 mg haemoglobin/g of muscle). In the second trial groups of
      chickens were either stunned and bled out, electrocuted, electrocuted and bled
      out, decapitated or halal killed before processing. The edible portions of the
      carcases were minced and the average haemoglobin content for each group was 0.19,
      0.36, 0.22, 0.17 and 0.17 mg/g of soft tissue. The appearance of chickens that
      were stunned and bled out was the same as that of chickens that were electrocuted
      and bled out. The authors conclude that killing chickens by electrocution before
      exsanguination does not adversely affect the carcase appearance. Furthermore,
      electrocution ensures that broiler chickens are humanely slaughtered.

PMID- 4060551
TI  - Neurotoxic action of lasalocid at high doses.

PMID- 4060552
TI  - Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis.

PMID- 4060553
TI  - Feline dysautonomia distribution.

PMID- 4060554
TI  - Scours in turkeys.

PMID- 4060555
TI  - Oestrus-associated anaemia in the ferret.

PMID- 4060556
TI  - Emetic effect of triazolopyrimidine, a pyrimidine compound, in dogs.
AB  - The intention of this study was to determine the minimum required dosage of
      triazolpyridine (TAP) to consistently induce emesis in canines. We administered
      single oral doses of TAP to 42 adult beagle dogs. The effect of TAP dosage on
      emesis was highly significant. The effective emetic dosages were 4.0 mg/10 ml
      water/animal (p less than 0.05) and 8.0 mg/10 ml water/animal (p less than 0.01).
      In all the dogs tested, 8.0 mg of TAP successfully induced emesis. The mean
      latency of emesis in the beagle group studied was 15 min, 54 sec (95% confidence
      limits = 8 min, 11 sec to 23 min, 38 sec). Intravenous apomorphine HCL was used
      to demonstrate the effectiveness of anti-emetic pretreatment with subcutaneous
      chlorpromazine (CPZ). Pretreatment with CPZ appeared to inhibit apomorphine
      induced emesis, but did not modify the emetic response elicited by TAP. Emesis
      following the administration of TAP was considered a result of direct action of
      TAP upon the gastrointestinal mucosa. Eighty adult mongrel dogs were also given
      TAP doses of 8.0 mg/10 ml water/animal, with 100% effectiveness in inducing
      emesis.

PMID- 4060557
TI  - Carbofuran toxicosis in cattle: case history and analytical method.
AB  - Thirteen head of crossbred Brahman cattle were exposed to carbofuran which had
      been mixed with rice to control blackbirds. Three animals died within 20 minutes
      after eating the contaminated grain, and the other 10 exhibited clinical signs
      associated with carbamate toxicosis. The 4 most severely affected animals were
      treated with a subtherapeutic dose of atropine sulfate; they did not respond and
      subsequently died. The remaining 6 recovered. Samples of rumen contents from the
      animals that died contained carbofuran concentrations ranging from 2 to 51 mg/kg.

PMID- 4060558
TI  - Levamisole toxicosis in swine.
AB  - Levamisole toxicosis occurred in swine in a commercial swine operation after the
      animals were mistakenly injected intramuscularly with levamisole. Clinical signs
      consisted of vomition, salivation, ataxia, recumbency and death. Surviving
      animals recovered completely within 24 to 48 hr.

PMID- 4060559
TI  - Adverse reaction to oxytetracycline in a dog.

PMID- 4060560
TI  - Attempted suicide with acepromazine maleate: a case report.
AB  - 1.25 g acepromazine maleate was consumed by a young woman in an unsuccessful
      suicide attempt. The drug is used extensively as an anesthetic premedication in
      veterinary practice. The woman had worked as a lay veterinary assistant. The
      clinical signs of toxicity were in part consistent with phenothiazine over-dosage
      in the human and were inconsistent with signs usually observed in animals.

PMID- 4060561
TI  - Mineral seal oil excreted in urine--a case report.
AB  - There is a paucity of reported cases demonstrating the gastrointestinal
      absorption and renal excretion of mineral seal oil, a petroleum distillate. In
      1972, a teenager attempted suicide by purposely ingesting an entire 8 oz bottle
      of furniture polish containing 99% mineral seal oil. She arrived in the ER two
      hours post-ingestion and was lavaged with two liters of normal saline, given 2 oz
      of mineral oil and 20 ml of 50% magnesium sulfate per gavage. The stomach
      contents were yellow, thick, oily and smelled like the furniture polish. She was
      admitted for psychiatric evaluation and observation for the ingestion. The
      patient did not suffer any respiratory or CNS complications. However, she
      excreted oil droplets which coalesced to form an oil layer in her urine. She
      suffered no kidney damage or abnormality as could be detected by routine renal
      function studies.

PMID- 4060562
TI  - Monitoring the chronic effects of anticholinesterase pesticides in aerial
      applicators.
AB  - Four pilots were monitored over a six month period for physiological signs of
      anticholinesterase exposures in this preliminary study. Two pilots were controls
      and two were aerial applicators whose spraying activities included the
      application of ethyl parathion on more than 85% of their total acreages.
      Erythrocytic and plasma cholinesterase assays, plus dark-adapted pupil dilation,
      and a measure of the amplitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), were
      measured pre-seasonally and near the end of the spraying season. Comparisons
      between the controls and the two aerial applicators indicated that one aerial
      applicator displayed organophosphorus toxicosis symptoms. Dark-adapted pupil
      dilation and RSA more clearly indicated the chronic exposure than did the blood
      cholinesterase assays. The alleged exposure was linked by post-study interviews
      to flight pattern and residue cleaning procedures.

PMID- 4060563
TI  - A plan for identification of regional toxicology capabilities.

PMID- 4060564
TI  - A letter on "Thallium concentrations in body fluids and tissues in a fatal case
      of thallium poisoning".

PMID- 4060565
TI  - Commentary on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD).
AB  - There is deep concern about the long term health effects of exposure to phenoxy
      herbicides and the contaminant TCDD; however, there is considerable scientific
      and medical uncertainty regarding the health effects from exposure to these
      chemicals. There are at least ten ongoing studies on reproduction, morbidity and
      mortality as well as studies of tissue concentrations of TCDD that are attempting
      to determine the health effects of these chemicals (see Table 2). Appropriate
      efforts should be made to prevent human and environmental exposure and to
      decontaminate the environment while awaiting the results of these investigations.
      Animal toxicity studies show such wide variations that extrapolations from a
      different species to humans are tenuous. Human studies on exposed workers and
      nonoccupational exposures are difficult to interpret because the exposure has not
      been quantified and because workers were exposed to mixtures of chemicals.
      Chloracne appears to be an important specific clinical marker of TCDD exposure,
      however, it can be caused by structurally similar compounds. Many of the past
      studies on human health effects of 2,4,5-T and TCDD are controversial. Since the
      scientific data are not firm, no specific statements can be made regarding the
      long term health effects at this time. Any individual who has had a significant
      exposure to TCDD should see his/her physician and have appropriate consultation.
      Long term follow up will be required. Physicians should be instructed regarding
      the possible manifestations of TCDD exposure to look for chloracne, soft tissue
      masses, muscle pain, fatigue, peripheral neuropathy, tender hepatic enlargement,
      enlargement, elevated liver enzymes, elevated lipids, prolonged prothrombin time,
      hemorrhagic cystitis and hirsutism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4060566
TI  - Chemical disasters.

PMID- 4060567
TI  - Terminal sequences of the bacteriophage phi 6 segmented dsRNA genome and its
      messenger RNAs.
AB  - The ends of the three dsRNA genome segments (L, M, and S) of bacteriophage phi 6
      (strand separated and/or intact) and the 5' ends of the middle and small single
      strand messenger RNAs have been sequenced by base-specific partial enzymatic
      digestion. Terminal sequences for the large and middle dsRNA strands extend about
      60 bases. The three dsRNA segments have 18 homologous bases at the left end
      except for position 2, which differs in the L segment. A 17-base homology defines
      the right ends of L and M dsRNAs and probably S dsRNA as well. The 5' ends of
      middle and small messenger RNAs are identical to the corresponding viral (+)
      strands.

PMID- 4060568
TI  - The fate of the surface protein gp70 during entry of retrovirus into mouse
      fibroblasts.
AB  - The kinetics of the viral surface protein gp70 and the viral core proteins p30
      and p15C were followed during retrovirus entry into mouse fibroblasts. All three
      proteins were internalized, but whereas essentially all the gp70 was degraded,
      approximately one-third of the core proteins remained stable in the cells. These
      diverging routes of the different proteins are in agreement with the proposed
      route, that retrovirus enters the cells by endocytosis followed by a membrane
      fusion between the virus membrane and the vesicle membrane.

PMID- 4060569
TI  - Pattern of glycosylation of Sindbis virus envelope proteins synthesized in
      hamster and chicken cells.
AB  - The tryptic glycopeptides of the Sindbis virus envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2
      grown in BHK and chick cells were purified by gel filtration followed by high
      pressure liquid chromatography. Each of the purified glycopeptides was analyzed
      by N-terminal sequencing to identify from which of the potential glycosylation
      sites it was derived. The type of oligosaccharide chain attached to each
      glycopeptide was determined from gel filtration analysis of the pronase-digested
      glycopeptides, and the relative incorporation of radiolabeled galactose, mannose,
      and glucosamine into each glycopeptide was used to confirm these determinations.
      The glycosylation patterns for the two proteins were essentially identical in the
      two host cells. The E2 glycosylation sites at Asn196 and Asn318 contained
      exclusively complex-type and simple-type oligosaccharide chains, respectively. In
      E1, the glycosylation site at Asn139 contained only complex-type chains, but the
      site at Asn245 contained a mixture of simple (75-85%) and complex (15-25%) type
      chains. These results are discussed in relation to previously reported results
      and a prediction as to the relative importance of the different glycosylation
      sites to the function of the proteins is made.

PMID- 4060570
TI  - Perturbation of differentiated functions during viral infection in vivo. II.
      Viral reassortants map growth hormone defect to the S RNA of the lymphocytic
      choriomeningitis virus genome.
AB  - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) Armstrong caused disordered growth and
      glucose metabolism secondary to growth hormone deficiency in infected C3H/St
      mice. In contrast, LCMV strain WE replicated in fewer growth hormone-producing
      cells, failed to disrupt growth hormone synthesis, and did not cause growth
      hormone-induced disease in infected, matched controls. The generation of genetic
      reassortant viruses between the virulent strain of LCMV:Armstrong and the
      avirulent strain, LCMV:WE, is reported. Using such reassortants and both parental
      strains of virus in C3H/St mice, the perturbation of growth hormone synthesis was
      clearly mapped to the S RNA segment of LCMV:ARM.

PMID- 4060571
TI  - Generation of thymotropic envelope gene recombinant virus and induction of
      lymphoma by ecotropic Moloney murine leukemia virus.
AB  - Biologically cloned pure ecotropic Moloney MuLV was used to infect Balb/c and AKR
      mice to determine the replication of ecotropic virus, the possible generation of
      recombinant viruses, and the induction of disease. Infectious cell center (ICC)
      experiments carried out with lymphoid cells of individual Balb/c mice showed that
      e-M-MuLV rapidly infected up to 30% of lymphoid cells in liver, spleen, and
      especially in the thymus. No recombinant virus was seen until about Day 35 when a
      burst of RM-MuLV was observed only in the thymus. New RM-MuLV was found in all 32
      preleukemic and leukemic mice tested and persisted at low levels until death. The
      RM-MuLV recovered early in the preleukemic phase had an env-related M-MuLV but
      grew very poorly. Cells from a late tumor which grew and cloned readily were
      examined to see whether the new RM-MuLV was present in every clone. Overtly, most
      tumor cells did not seem to contain RM-MuLV, but when "unmasking" was performed,
      every tumor cell contained identical RM-MuLV. In AKR mice, both e-M-MuLV and
      recombinant M-MuLV caused an acceleration of lymphoma. De novo appearance of a
      thymotropic RM-MuLV, which was of the Moloney RM-MuLV type and the absence of
      early detectable endogenous AKR-MCF-type recombinants, suggested that the early
      lymphoma was due to the induction of a new disease. Several theoretical
      approaches dealing with viral env-gene permutations are discussed.

PMID- 4060572
TI  - Differential effects of defective interfering Semliki Forest virus on cellular
      and virus polypeptide synthesis.
AB  - Defective interfering Semliki Forest virus (DI SFV) inhibited virus RNA and virus
      polypeptide synthesis in cells coinfected with standard virus but did not delay
      or alter kinetics of RNA synthesis. Inhibition of polypeptide synthesis was 20
      fold greater than that of RNA synthesis which presumably reflected the
      amplification resulting from cumulative translation of mRNAs. At high
      concentration, DI virus p12e inhibited the shutoff of host protein synthesis and
      allowed no synthesis of structural or nonstructural polypeptides. Dilution of DI
      virus restored the inhibition of host protein synthesis but further dilution was
      necessary before virus-specified polypeptide synthesis could be demonstrated.
      Another DI virus (p20a) with the same interference titre as p12e also inhibited
      shutoff of host protein synthesis but synthesis of virus-induced polypeptides was
      inhibited differentially: significant amounts of polypeptides comigrating with
      the structural precursor polypeptide p62 and the nonstructural polypeptide nsp63
      were present and the synthesis of nsp90 was little affected at any concentration
      of DI virus p20a tested. None of the DI viruses tested induced the synthesis of
      any viral or novel polypeptide. It was concluded that DI SFV preparations have
      qualitatively different interfering activities in relation to their effects on
      virus and host cell polypeptide synthesis.

PMID- 4060573
TI  - An 18-amino acid deletion in an influenza neuraminidase.
AB  - The genes coding for the neuraminidase (NA) enzyme in antigenic variants of
      influenza virus X-7(F1) (which contains the NA of A/RI/5+/57) are shorter than
      other N2 neuraminidase genes. When the parent X-7(F1) virus was cloned at
      limiting dilution prior to selection of variants with monoclonal antibodies, a
      minor component with a shorter neuraminidase gene was cloned out, and this
      deletion was retained in all the variants. Sequence analysis has shown that there
      is a single deletion, 54 nucleotides long, which occurs in the coding region of
      the NA. The 18 deleted amino acids are from the stalk region of the protein,
      which is a thin structure containing the four polypeptide chains of the
      tetrameric enzyme which separates the enzymatically and antigenically active
      "head" from the hydrophobic sequence embedded in the viral membrane. The deletion
      can be seen as a shortened stalk when rosettes of detergent-released NA are
      examined by electron microscopy, which confirms that the NA stalk is a highly
      extended structure. Although the more abundant hemagglutinin (HA) would probably
      extend beyond the shortened NA molecule on the surface of the virus, the NA head
      is still accessible to all of the available monoclonal antibodies to the
      different antigenic sites on the molecule. Enzymatic activity toward a small
      substrate molecule, N-acetyl neuraminyl lactose, is the same for both the
      parental X-7(F1) virus and the strain having the deleted NA; however, the latter
      virus is slower to cleave a large substrate, fetuin, and elutes from red cells at
      a reduced rate.

PMID- 4060574
TI  - Molecular and biological properties of MH2D12, a spontaneous mil deletion mutant
      of avian oncovirus MH2.
AB  - Avian oncogenic retrovirus MH2 carries two cell-derived oncogenes, v-mil and v
      myc. From an infectious stock of MH2 a spontaneous deletion mutant, MH2D12, that
      has lost most of the v-mil gene but has retained a complete and functional v-myc
      gene, has been isolated. Nonproducer quail embryo cells transformed by MH2D12 in
      the absence of helper virus contain two virus-specific proteins: a gag-related
      protein of 53,000 Da (p53gag), and a v-myc gene product of 59,000/61,000 Da
      (p59/61v-myc) indistinguishable from the v-myc protein encoded by MH2. MH2D12
      viral RNA contains all T1-oligonucleotides specific for the MH2 v-myc gene but
      none of those characteristic for the v-mil gene. The genetic structure of
      molecularly cloned proviral DNA of MH2D12 was revealed by restriction mapping,
      blot hybridization, heteroduplex analysis, and nucleotide sequencing. The MH2D12
      provirus is homologous to the MH2 genome but has suffered a deletion of 1271
      nucleotides from the central region encompassing the 3' end of delta gag and all
      of v-mil except the very 3' 31 nucleotides directly adjacent to the v-myc gene. A
      nine-nucleotide overlap of homology to gag or mil at the delta gag/delta mil
      junction suggests that recombination between homologous sequence elements of the
      delta gag and v-mil domains of MH2 was involved in the genesis of MH2D12. The
      nucleotide sequence analysis predicts that the carboxyterminal 17 amino acids of
      p53gag are encoded by the residual v-mil sequences and by intron-derived v-myc
      sequences. Transformation of quail embryo cells by MH2D12 can be assayed by focus
      and colony formation of transformed cells. This indicates that the v-mil gene is
      not essential for these activities. However, size and morphology of foci and
      colonies, and cellular morphology of cultured MH2D12-transformed cell lines can
      easily be distinguished from those observed in cell transformation by MH2 and
      resemble more those seen in cell transformation by viruses containing the myc
      oncogene only.

PMID- 4060575
TI  - Reversible inactivation and reactivation of vaccinia virus by manipulation of
      viral lipid composition.
AB  - The role of phospholipids in vaccinia virus was investigated by substituting
      viral lipids with specific phospholipids. Treatment of virus with sodium dodecyl
      sulfate, sodium deoxycholate, or Nonidet-P40 (NP-40) resulted in almost complete
      removal of viral lipid and led to inactivation of the virus. The inactivation
      induced by the former two was irreversible, but NP-40-treated virus was
      reactivated upon reassociation with phospholipids. Individual phospholipids,
      including phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine,
      phosphatidylinositol, lysolecithin, sphingomyelin, and acyl
      bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (ABMP), were tested for ability to reactivate NP-40
      treated virus. Reactivation was induced only by PS. The infectivity of virus that
      had been treated with NP-40 and then with PS was unstable; the reactivated virus
      was inactivated within a short period. It was also very sensitive to trypsin.
      Treatment of NP-40-treated virus with mixtures of PS and ABMP yielded virus that
      was more resistant to spontaneous and trypsin-induced inactivation. Thus, PS
      appears to be an essential for infectivity and ABMP appears to play a
      supplementary role for maintenance of infectivity, perhaps by protecting against
      inactivating factors.

PMID- 4060576
TI  - Interaction of frog virus 3 with the cytomatrix. III. Role of microfilaments in
      virus release.
AB  - The role of microfilaments in the release of frog virus 3 (FV3) from the plasma
      membrane was studied. Scanning electron microscopic study of FV3-infected baby
      hamster kidney (BHK) cells showed that late in infection (15 hr), numerous
      microvillus-like projections containing virions and microfilaments occur on the
      cell surface. Two microfilament-disrupting drugs, cytochalasin B and cytochalasin
      D, inhibited both the formation of microvillus-like projections and virus
      release. In the drug-treated cells, the virions accumulated in large numbers
      beneath the plasma membrane (transmission electron microscopy), suggesting that
      both drugs affected the release of the virus at the level of plasma membrane
      rather than the traverse of the virus to the plasma membrane. Two-dimensional gel
      analysis of actin from FV3-infected and uninfected cells revealed the following.
      There was no difference in the synthesis of actin in infected versus uninfected
      cells. However, the actin of infected cells is more acidic than its counterpart
      in uninfected cells. Temporally, the change in actin preceded the formation of
      microvilli-like projections involved in virus release. The change in actin is
      virus induced and is linked to virus maturation since a ts mutant of FV3
      (ts9467), which is deficient in virus production at the restrictive temperature
      (30 degrees), did not modify actin. The mutant, at the permissive temperature (25
      degrees), produced virions and altered the actin. Together, the above results
      attribute an active role for microfilaments in virus release.

PMID- 4060577
TI  - Interferon action: transcriptional control of a gene specifying a 56,000-Da
      protein in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
AB  - The exposure of cells to interferons enhances the accumulation of particular
      mRNAs and of the corresponding proteins. A cDNA clone (clone 202) complementary
      to an mRNA (202 mRNA) whose level is enhanced over 12-fold in mouse Ehrlich
      ascites tumor cells upon exposure to beta-interferon for 10 hr has previously
      been isolated. The level of this mRNA was also increased in other beta-interferon
      responsive mouse cell lines (i.e., L929, L1210S) but not in a line (L1210R) which
      is not responsive to beta-interferon. The extent of induction in Ehrlich ascites
      tumor cells depended on the beta-interferon concentration and reached its maximal
      level between 300 and 1000 units of interferon/ml. Nuclei isolated from Ehrlich
      ascites tumor cells which had been exposed to beta-interferon produced in vitro
      more 202 specific RNA than nuclei from control Ehrlich ascites tumor cells: an
      increase in this production was detectable 2 hr after beginning the exposure of
      the cells to 1000 units/ml of beta-interferon and the increase reached its
      maximal level, around 18-fold, after 18 hr exposure. Much, if not all of this
      increase, appeared to be due to an increase in the rate of synthesis of the RNA
      and not to a decrease in its rate of turnover. The 202 mRNA was translated in a
      reticulocyte lysate into a 56,000-Da protein.

PMID- 4060578
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against African swine fever viral antigens.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies specific for African swine fever (ASF) viral proteins of
      14, 32, 73, 174, and 240 kDa were produced and characterized. Immunoelectron
      microscopy detected the 73 kDa but not the 14-, 32-, or 240-kDa proteins at the
      surface of the virion. The 32-kDa protein was detected by radioimmunoassay 2 hr
      after infection of porcine monocytes and Vero cells, was detected in the seven
      widely divergent ASFV isolates tested, and stained brilliantly virus-infected
      cells in indirect immunofluorescence suggesting that monoclonal antibodies
      directed against this protein may be useful in ASFV diagnosis. Two monoclonal
      antibodies detected heterogeneity between ASF viruses.

PMID- 4060579
TI  - Identification of nonstructural proteins encoded by viruses of the Bunyamwera
      serogroup (family Bunyaviridae).
AB  - The proteins synthesized in BHK cells infected with nine members of the
      Bunyamwera serogroup (family Bunyaviridae, Bunyavirus genus) were analyzed by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In addition to the virus structural proteins,
      a number of virus-coded nonstructural proteins were detected. One protein,
      designated NS1, was shown to be related to the nucleocapsid protein by one
      dimensional peptide mapping. A second protein, NS2, was mapped to the M RNA
      segment by gel electrophoretic analysis of the proteins synthesized in cells
      infected with reassortants of Batai, Bunyamwera, and Maguari viruses of known
      genotype. A third protein, NS3, was mapped to the S RNA segment by its pattern of
      labeling with [35S]cysteine in cells infected with reassortant viruses: the NS3
      protein was only labeled when the S RNA segment of Bunyamwera virus was present.
      The mapping of NS3 was confirmed by in vitro translation of mRNAs which
      hybridized to recombinant plasmids containing S gene-specific sequences.

PMID- 4060580
TI  - Alterations in the hemagglutinin associated with adaptation of influenza B virus
      to growth in eggs.
AB  - In 1943 Burnet reported on changes in the hemagglutinating properties of human
      influenza virus which occurred during adaptation of the virus to growth in
      chicken eggs. Only recently has direct evidence been presented that these changes
      affect the antigenic properties of the virus. Schild et al. (G. C. Schild, J. S.
      Oxford, J. C. deJong, and R. G. Webster (1983), Nature (London) 303, 706-709)
      demonstrated that egg adaptation of influenza B virus selects variants which are
      antigenically distinct from virus grown from the same source in mammalian cells.
      The molecular changes in the hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza B virus associated
      with adaptation to growth in eggs have now been identified. A specific
      glycosylation site at the distal tip of the HA of influenza B virus grown
      exclusively in mammalian cell culture is lost or altered during egg adaptation.
      Since the HA functions in adsorption of virus to cells, it is concluded that
      removal or modification of an oligosaccharide structure at this position is
      required for influenza B virus to attach to and infect the allantois cells of the
      egg and that this has important implications for the antigenic configuration of
      the molecule.

PMID- 4060581
TI  - Comparison of the effects of rabies virus infection and of combined interferon
      and poly(I).poly(C) treatment on the levels of 2',5'-adenyladenosine
      oligonucleotides in different organs of mice.
AB  - Intracellular levels of 2',5'-adenyladenosine oligonucleotides were analyzed in
      different organs of mice during the course of a rabies virus infection.
      Phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated 2',5'-adenyladenosine oligonucleotides were
      measured by radioimmunoassay and analyzed further by HPLC. As the infection
      progressed, concentrations of phosphorylated 2',5'-adenyladenosine
      oligonucleotides increased strongly, reaching their maxima late in the infection.
      In contrast, concentrations of the nonphosphorylated 2',5'-adenyladenosine
      oligonucleotides decreased. A similar phenomenon was observed in spleens analyzed
      at intervals after treatment of noninfected mice with interferon and
      poly(I).poly(C) and to a lesser extent after treatment of noninfected mice with
      interferon and poly(I).poly(C) and to a lesser extent after treatment with
      poly(I).poly(C) alone, but not after treatment with interferon alone. The
      products which accumulated during virus infection were primarily phosphorylated
      dimers whereas during combined interferon and poly(I).poly(C) treatment, the
      entire range of phosphorylated molecules from dimer to pentamer was present.
      These data show that infection of mice with rabies virus provokes both the
      induction and the activation of 2-5A synthetase, as does interferon and
      poly(I).poly(C) treatment. However, our data indicate that the intracellular
      products are different in the two situations: the species active on the nuclease
      were only detected in interferon- and poly(I).poly(C)-treated mice. The absence
      of molecules able to activate the 2-5A-dependent nuclease in virus-infected mice
      might well be one of the reasons why the interferon system is ineffective in
      rabies virus infection.

PMID- 4060582
TI  - Conformational changes at pH 6 on the cell surface of Semliki Forest virus
      infected Aedes albopictus cells.
AB  - The mechanism of Semliki Forest virus-induced fusion from within at low pH was
      studied in Aedes albopictus cells. The fusion was found to occur in at least two
      steps, namely, a fast initial step which is pH dependent and temperature
      independent, and a second slower process which is pH independent and temperature
      dependent. The initiation step induced by low pH exposure constitutes an
      irreversible conformational change of a protein probably of viral origin located
      at the cell surface.

PMID- 4060583
TI  - Sequence relatedness of Palyam virus genes to cognates of the Palyam serogroup
      viruses by RNA-RNA blot hybridization.
AB  - Cognate genes of nine members of the Palyam serogroup of orbiviruses have been
      identified and their relatedness to the prototype, Palyam virus, has been
      determined. Viral dsRNA segments were electrophoresed through 10% polyacrylamide
      gels, transferred to membranes, and hybridized to labeled RNA from Palyam virus
      under hybridization conditions using 52 degrees, 50% formamide, 5 X SSC. Cognate
      genes of each virus isolate were identified by hybridizing their genomes to [5'
      32P]pCp-labeled, isolated segments from Palyam virus. Single segments from Palyam
      hybridized to no more than one segment in the other isolates. Nine of the 10
      genes exhibited nucleic acid sequence homology between Palyam and seven of the
      other eight isolates. Gene 2 of Palyam hybridized only with gene 2 of CSIRO
      Village, and it was correlated with serotype specificity. Since CSIRO Village is
      the only member of the serogroup which cross-reacts with Palyam in neutralization
      tests, gene 2 may encode the neutralization antigen. Variation in the intensity
      of the hybridization signals of the remaining nine genes within a given virus
      indicated that the number and identity of conserved genes differed between
      members of the group. Genes 5, 7, and 9 were the most conserved genes for all
      members of the serogroup, while the levels of relatedness of Palyam genes 1, 3,
      4, 8, and 10 to their cognates in the other isolates varied under these
      hybridization conditions.

PMID- 4060584
TI  - Biosynthesis of reovirus-specified polypeptides: the reovirus s1 mRNA encodes two
      primary translation products.
AB  - Reovirus serotypes 1 (Lang strain) and 3 (Dearing strain) code for a hitherto
      unrecognized low-molecular-weight polypeptide of Mr approximately 12,000. This
      polypeptide (p12) was synthesized in vitro in L-cell-free protein synthesizing
      systems programmed with either reovirus serotype 1 mRNA, reovirus serotype 3
      mRNA, or with denatured reovirus genome double-stranded RNA, and in vivo in L
      cell cultures infected with either reovirus serotype. The synthesis of p12 in
      vivo was insensitive to actinomycin D, and occurred at similar times after
      infection as the previously identified reovirus encoded lambda, mu, and sigma
      polypeptides. Pulse-chase experiments in vivo, and the relative kinetics of
      synthesis of p12 in vitro, indicate that it is a primary translation product.
      Fractionation of reovirus mRNAs by velocity sedimentation and translation of
      separated mRNAs in vitro suggests that p12 is coded for by the s1 mRNA, which
      also codes for the previously recognized sigma 1 polypeptide. Synthesis of both
      p12 and sigma 1 in vitro in L-cell-free protein synthesizing systems programmed
      with denatured reovirus genome double-stranded RNA also suggests that these two
      polypeptides can be coded by the same mRNA species. The Mr approximately 12,000
      polypeptide was not a detectable structural component of purified virions, and
      antiserum prepared against purified reovirions did not immunoprecipitate p12. It
      is proposed that the Mr approximately 12,000 polypeptide encoded by the S1 genome
      segment be designated sigma 1bNS, and that the polypeptide previously designated
      sigma 1 be renamed sigma 1a.

PMID- 4060585
TI  - M protein instability and lack of H protein processing associated with
      nonproductive persistent infection of HeLa cells by measles virus.
AB  - Persistent infections such as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) which do
      not produce infectious virus particles (nonproductive persistence) are often
      accompanied by a reduced steady-state amount of the viral matrix (M) protein
      and/or reduced hemadsorption activity. The possible causes of these aberrations
      associated with nonproductive persistence were investigated by following changes
      in the viral proteins with time in pulse-chase experiments. Three HeLa cell lines
      persistently infected with measles virus; K11, K11A, and HG111; were compared to
      each other and to acutely infected HeLa cells. K11 produces infectious virions at
      a low level (productive persistence). K11A and HG111 are both nonproductive
      persistently infected cell lines derived from K11. K11A cells have a reduced
      steady-state amount of viral M protein and reduced hemadsorption activity. HG111
      cells have reduced hemadsorption but a normal level of viral M protein. As such,
      these cell lines serve as good model systems for the study of nonproductive
      persistent infection associated with SSPE. The reduced amount of M protein in
      K11A was found to result from rapid degradation of the protein. Degradation of
      the protein resulted from changes in the protein itself rather than from cellular
      changes. The hemagglutination (H) protein was found to be present at a low level
      in K11A cells. In addition, in both K11A and HG111 cells, conversion of the sugar
      moiety of the H glycoprotein from the high mannose form to the complex sugar form
      did not take place. Such modification usually occurs concomitant with transport
      of glycoproteins onto the cell surface. As such, lack of processing could
      preclude the appearance of functional H proteins on the cell surface. This could
      account for the reduced hemadsorption activity in these cells. The roles that
      these changes may play in the generation of nonproductive persistence are
      discussed.

PMID- 4060586
TI  - Human leukocyte interferon does not inhibit alfalfa mosaic virus in protoplasts
      or tobacco tissue.
AB  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and local lesion infectivity assays showed
      that recombinant leukocyte interferons, rIFN-alpha A and rIFN-alpha D, did not
      reproducibly affect the accumulation of alfalfa mosaic virus in tobacco leaf
      discs or in tobacco or alfalfa protoplasts when applied within 1 hr after
      inoculation with virus.

PMID- 4060587
TI  - The incorporation of radiolabeled polyamines and methionine into turnip yellow
      mosaic virus in protoplasts from infected plants.
AB  - Turnip yellow mosaic virus contains large amounts of nonexchangeable spermidine
      and induces an accumulation of spermidine in infected Chinese cabbage. By 7 days
      after inoculation, a majority of protoplasts isolated from newly emerging leaves
      stain with fluorescent antibody to the virus. These protoplasts contain 1-2 X
      10(6) virions per cell and continue to produce virus in culture for at least 48
      hr. [14C]Spermidine (10 microM) was taken up by these cells in amounts comparable
      to the original endogenous pool within 24 hr. However, after an initial rise, the
      spermidine content of the cell returned to its original level, implying
      considerable regulation of the endogenous pool(s). Putrescine and spermine were
      major products of the metabolism of exogenous spermidine. Radioactivity from
      exogenous [14C]spermidine was also readily incorporated into the
      ribonucleoprotein component(s) of the virus, where it appeared as both spermidine
      and spermine. The specific radioactivities of the viral polyamines were
      approximately twice those of spermidine and spermine extracted from the whole
      cell. Radioactivity from [2-14C]methionine was readily incorporated into the
      protein, spermidine, and spermine of the virus. Again, the specific activities of
      these amines were substantially higher in the virus than in the whole cell. Thus,
      newly formed virus contained predominantly newly synthesized spermidine and
      spermine. However, inhibition of spermidine synthesis by dicyclohexylamine led to
      incorporation of preexisting spermidine and increased amounts of spermine into
      newly formed virus.

PMID- 4060588
TI  - The effects of dicyclohexylamine on polyamine biosynthesis and incorporation into
      turnip yellow mosaic virus in Chinese cabbage protoplasts infected in vitro.
AB  - We have reported (R. Balint and S. S. Cohen, 1985, Virology 144, 181-193) that
      protoplasts from plants infected with turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) continue
      to produce virus in culture and that newly formed virus particles contained
      predominantly newly synthesized spermidine and spermine. Inhibition of spermidine
      synthesis by dicyclohexylamine (DCHA), however, led to incorporation of
      preexisting spermidine and increased amounts of spermine into newly formed
      virions. We now report similar results with healthy protoplasts infected in
      vitro, in which essentially all of the virus is newly formed. Again, newly
      synthesized spermidine and spermine were preferentially incorporated into virus.
      DCHA inhibited spermidine synthesis by 85%, leading in 20 hr to a 60% depletion
      of the cellular spermidine and a 30% reduction in the amount of spermidine per
      virion. Spermine synthesis increased, however, producing a 40% increase in
      cellular spermine and 50-100% increase in the amount of spermine per virion.
      Thus, in spite of spermidine depletion, the total positive charge contributed by
      polyamines to the virus was essentially conserved.

PMID- 4060589
TI  - Functional analysis of the A complementation group mutants of Sindbis HR virus.
AB  - The 10 members of the A complementation group of temperature-sensitive (ts)
      mutants of SIN HR, the heat-resistant strain of Sindbis virus, were divided into
      two phenotypic subgroups. Subgroup I mutants (ts15, ts17, ts21, ts24, and ts133)
      demonstrated temperature-sensitive 26 S mRNA synthesis, whereas subgroup II
      mutants (ts4, ts14, ts16, ts19, and ts138) did not; both ts4 and ts19
      demonstrated defective 26 S mRNA synthesis at 30 degrees. None of the A group
      mutants demonstrated temperature-sensitive 49 S plus-strand synthesis.
      Temperature-sensitive cleavage of ns230 was demonstrated by subgroup I mutants,
      except ts21, but not by subgroup II mutants. A revertant of ts133 that grew at 40
      degrees retained temperature-sensitive 26 S mRNA synthesis but lost temperature
      sensitive cleavage of ns230 and the RNA-negative phenotype. Only ts4, like ts11
      of the B complementation group, demonstrated temperature-sensitive minus-strand
      RNA synthesis. In addition to ts24, cells infected with ts17 or ts133 continued
      to synthesize minus strands after shiftup in the absence of continued protein
      synthesis, and resumed synthesis of minus strands if shifted to the nonpermissive
      temperature after minus-strand synthesis had ceased at the permissive
      temperature.

PMID- 4060591
TI  - Influenza virus hemagglutinins differentiate between receptor determinants
      bearing N-acetyl-, N-glycollyl-, and N,O-diacetylneuraminic acids.
AB  - This report examines the ability of three sialic acids (SA), N-acetylneuraminic
      acid (NeuAc), N-glycollylneuraminic acid (NeuGc), and 9-O-acetyl-N
      acetylneuraminic acid (9-O-Ac-NeuAc), to serve as receptor determinants for 18
      human and animal influenza type A viruses. Viruses were compared by agglutination
      of receptor-modified erythrocytes containing either the Sa alpha 2,6Gal or the SA
      alpha 2,3Gal linkages with each of the three sialic acids. Individual isolates
      differed markedly in their ability to agglutinate cells containing NeuAc, NeuGc,
      and 9-O-Ac-NeuAc. The results suggest that recognition of the various sialic
      acids is an important factor in analysis of the receptor specificity of influenza
      virus hemagglutinins.

PMID- 4060590
TI  - A new retrovirus produced by tissue culture cell line from mammary tumor of a
      house musk shrew, Suncus murinus.
AB  - A new type of retrovirus (Sm-MTV) released by cultured cells of a spontaneous
      mammary tumor from a house musk shrew, Suncus murinus, is described. The Sm-MTV
      is distinct morphologically from type C particles. In spite of certain
      morphological similarities to type B and type D retroviruses, the Sm-MTV is
      readily distinguishable. The extracellular virions had a spikeless envelope
      containing a centrally located nucleoid with a small electron-dense core
      surrounded by an inner membrane. The budding particles contained a doughnut
      shaped nucleoid. Intracytoplasmic type A particles similar in profile to those
      associated with mouse mammary tumor cells were also found, and tended to form a
      small cluster of several particles in the cytoplasm. The virus banded at 1.169
      g/cm3 in isopycnic centrifugation and possessed constitutive Mg2+-dependent
      reverse transcriptase. The viral RNA had a molecular size ranging from 50 to 70 S
      in its native form and 30 to 40 S in its denatured form by a glycerol gradient
      ultracentrifugation. Major viral polypeptides were 72K, 69K, 47K, 44K/43K, 27K,
      20.5K, and 15K.

PMID- 4060593
TI  - Switch-on of transcriptase function in reovirus: analysis of polypeptide changes
      using 2-D gels.
AB  - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (IEF and SDS-PAGE) was used to examine virion
      polypeptide changes associated with switch-on of transcriptase function in
      reovirus. Results reveal that switch-on is correlated with altered
      electrophoretic behavior of a specific minor polypeptide (delta 1) which is
      present in intermediate subviral particles. A second finding is that each of the
      molecular weight classes of viral polypeptides exists as a series of subspecies
      with different isoelectric points. This suggests that extensive posttranslational
      modification of progeny viral polypeptides occurs during particle morphogenesis.
      These findings have important theoretical and practical implications.

PMID- 4060592
TI  - Round cell variant of measles virus: spontaneous conversion from productive to
      cell-associated state of infection.
AB  - A subacute sclerosing panencephalitis strain of measles virus was found to be
      composed of two viral variants distinguishable by their cytopathic effects in
      Vero cells. One of the variants was similar to defective cell-associated measles
      virus strains, whereas the other was highly productive of viral progeny but did
      not induce cell fusion. Cloning of the variants by an agarose plaque procedure
      revealed a consistent and rapid interconversion of the variants into one another.
      While the mechanism of this interconversion remains unknown, analysis of the
      expression of viral antigens by the variants using indirect immunofluorescence
      with monoclonal antibodies specific for measles structural antigens suggested
      that the interconversion involved modulation of the expression of the viral
      matrix or M antigen.

PMID- 4060594
TI  - Comparison of the transcriptional properties of the Friend and Moloney retrovirus
      long terminal repeats: importance of tandem duplications and of the core enhancer
      sequence.
AB  - The effects of sequence differences within the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of
      various murine retroviruses on transcription are examined by linking genetically
      engineered recombinant LTRs to the protein coding region of the herpes simplex
      virus thymidine kinase (TK) gene and assaying TK expression in tissue culture
      fibroblasts. The Goldberg/Hogness box region and the enhancer region are examined
      independently. We find that the Friend and Moloney Goldberg/Hogness boxes
      (TATAAAA and AATAAAA, respectively) give similar results in this assay, whereas
      differences between the sequences in the enhancer region have a marked effect.
      Tandem duplications increase the transcription level of the LTR. A single
      nucleotide transition in the core enhancer sequence has as large an effect on
      transcription as the presence of a tandem duplication: thymidine in the fifth
      position of the core enhancer (TCTGTGGTAAG) leads to a much higher
      transcriptional activity than cytidine. The LTRs have been implicated by others
      in the oncogenic potential of murine retroviruses, which is perhaps dependent on
      the transcriptional properties endowed in part by the core enhancer and tandem
      duplications.

PMID- 4060595
TI  - Sindbis virus mutants able to replicate in methionine-deprived Aedes albopictus
      cells.
AB  - Previous work from this laboratory has shown that the replication of Sindbis
      virus (SV) in Aedes albopictus cells is sensitive to methionine withdrawal. This
      sensitivity is thought to reflect a diminished concentration of S
      adenosylmethionine (Ado Met) resulting from methionine starvation. Serial passage
      of SV on Ae. albopictus cells maintained in low concentrations of methionine gave
      rise to a population of mutants whose replication in mosquito cells was resistant
      to methionine starvation. In vertebrate cells, these mutants were also resistant
      to inhibition by cycloleucine. We favor the hypothesis that the adaptation to low
      methionine reflects the accumulation of mutations resulting in a viral RNA "cap"
      methyltransferase with an increased affinity for Ado Met.

PMID- 4060596
TI  - Infection and transformation of mouse cells by human adenovirus type 2.
AB  - The susceptibilities of C57Bl/6J mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) and baby mouse
      kidney (BMK) cells to infection or transformation by adenovirus type 2 have been
      compared to those of rat embryo fibroblasts (REF). Both MEF and BMK cells were
      some 10-fold less permissive to replication of the virus than were REF cells,
      even though similar fractions of all three cell types, a maximum of 50-60%,
      produced viral tumor and structural antigens. This observation suggests that a
      very late step in adenovirus production, such as assembly or maturation, occurs
      much less efficiently in mouse cells than it does in rat cells. No significant
      differences in the frequencies of transformation, as assayed by the appearance of
      foci of morphologically transformed cells, were observed following transfection
      of adenovirus type 2 or type 5 DNA into the three cell types. However, it proved
      extremely difficult to establish permanent lines of adenovirus-transformed mouse
      cells: only 2 of more than 100 attempts were successful, compared to a success
      rate of close to 100% with adenovirus type 2-transformed REF or SV40-transformed
      MEF or BMK cells. The two lines of type 2 adenovirus-transformed MEF that were
      established have been shown to retain and express viral genetic information.

PMID- 4060597
TI  - Descriptive analysis of Ebola virus proteins.
AB  - The virion proteins of two strains of Ebola virus were compared by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP).
      Seven virion proteins were described; an L (180K), GP (125K), NP (104K), VP40
      (40K), VP35 (35K), VP30 (30K), and VP24 (24K). The RNP complex of the virus
      contained the L, the NP, and VP30, with VP35 in loose association with them. The
      GP was the major spike protein, with VP40 and VP24 making up the remaining
      protein content of the multilayered envelope.

PMID- 4060598
TI  - [Characterization of anti-HBs antigen monoclonal antibodies and application to
      subtyping].

PMID- 4060599
TI  - Temporal transfer and nonlinearity properties of turtle ERG: tuning by
      temperature, pharmacology, and light intensity.
AB  - ERG impulse response, amplitude and phase temporal spectral transfer functions,
      and nonlinearities were measured in turtle retina under different retinal
      temperatures, pharmacological treatments, and light intensities. beta-Wave
      amplitude is strongly temperature dependent; amplitudes of the alpha-wave and
      slow P-III are less sensitive. Their time courses all slow markedly as
      temperature decreases. ERG amplitude transfer function is bimodal bandpass with
      narrow low-frequency peak (below 1 Hz) and broader mid-frequency peak (5 Hz at 8
      degrees C). Both peaks broaden and their frequency increases (low, 1 Hz; mid, 15
      Hz, at 23 degrees C) as temperature increases. Phase transfer function slope
      decreases (from -70 degrees/Hz at 8 degrees C to -25 degrees/Hz at 23 degrees C)
      as temperature increases. Nonlinear properties of ERG at high input intensity are
      modelled by a quadratic nonlinearity, low-pass prefilter with cutoff above 12.4
      Hz, and low-pass postfilter broadly peaked at 6-10 Hz with cutoff above 20 Hz.
      For low input intensity, ERG exhibits linear properties with low-pass filtering
      sharply cut off above 6 Hz. alpha-Wave and slow P-III were isolated by aspartate
      treatment; depolarizing bipolar cell activity was examined using ethanol/GABA
      treatment of retina. High-frequency components, including broad mid-frequency
      peak, were attenuated and low-frequency components were enhanced with aspartate.
      Transfer function narrows and peaks at a lower frequency with ethanol/GABA.

PMID- 4060600
TI  - ISO-frequency curves of oculomotor neurons in the rhesus monkey.
AB  - Static firing frequencies have been determined in extraocular motoneuronal
      discharge patterns for different eye positions within +/- 30 deg around the
      primary position. From these data iso-frequency curves were plotted stating all
      possible eye positions for a given firing rate. Such curves have been constructed
      for the lateral, medial, and inferior recti, the superior oblique and for the
      upward pulling muscles (without distinguishing superior rectus and inferior
      oblique). Fixation of eye position always involved natural synergistic action of
      all muscles. The iso-frequency curves of individual motoneurons are a family of
      almost parallel curves with mainly horizontal or vertical gradients. Especially
      for the superior oblique, the innervation gradients depend strongly on eye
      position. Motoneurons subserving the same muscle can have different innervation
      gradients at the same eye position.

PMID- 4060601
TI  - Perceived position and saccadic eye movements.
AB  - Data are reported which support the conclusion that saccades which occur 600 msec
      or more after the brief, presentation of a target stimulus are directed to its
      perceived position when that differs from both its retinal and spatial position.

PMID- 4060602
TI  - Visual sensitivity and Wiener kernels.
AB  - Visual sensitivity is defined in terms of the static and dynamic parts of a photo
      evoked response. The first-order kernel induced by a white-noise modulated light
      is associated directly with both the incremental and contrast sensitivities
      classically defined, making a comprehensive measure of neuron sensitivity in the
      visual system.

PMID- 4060603
TI  - Contrast detection and detection of contrast modulation for noise gratings.
AB  - Threshold contrast was measured for noise gratings of various spatial frequency
      bandwidths and central frequencies. The results indicate that the contrast
      reaches threshold whenever the spatial power of the stimulus, filtered according
      to the contrast sensitivity function, exceeds a fixed level, irrespective of the
      width of the spatial frequency range over which the power is distributed. No
      "critical band effect" is found. For suprathreshold noise gratings of various
      bandwidths we measured thresholds for the detection of sinusoidal (amplitude)
      modulation of the contrast. The results indicate that the visual system uses the
      spatial power always with about the same efficiency, irrespective of the
      bandwidth over which it is distributed. The thresholds depend on the spatial
      frequency of the modulation: the visual system appears to be unable to use
      information from more than one cycle of the modulation frequency.

PMID- 4060604
TI  - Stereopsis with chromatic signals from the blue-sensitive mechanism.
AB  - Evidence is presented that the depth seen in dim violet targets superimposed on a
      bright yellow background is mediated solely by the blue-sensitive mechanism. In
      forced-choice experiments using these stimuli, observers could discriminate
      between crossed and uncrossed disparities when the targets were either figural or
      random dot stereograms. Stereo thresholds for a three bar target whose spatial
      parameters were adjusted for the B cone mechanism were on the order of 40 sec of
      arc, a value considerably smaller than the spacing between B cones. With the
      additional assumption that signals from the blue-sensitive mechanism do not
      contribute to luminance, these results confirm that purely chromatic signals have
      access to stereoscopic mechanisms.

PMID- 4060605
TI  - Spontaneous membrane fluctuation in catfish type-N cells.
AB  - Type-N (sustained) amacrine cells in catfish retina produce spontaneous membrane
      fluctuation of about 35 Hz. Fluctuations were seen either in dark or with a
      steady illumination. As all the distal cells and type-C (transient) amacrine cell
      did not produce any spontaneous fluctuation, type-N cells were the source of the
      oscillatory potentials.

PMID- 4060606
TI  - Chromatic and spatial information processing by red cones and L-type horizontal
      cells in the turtle retina.
AB  - Flash sensitivities to red (694 nm) and green (546 nm) light were measured
      intracellularly from red cones and L-type horizontal cells in the turtle retina.
      The horizontal cells' sensitivity to short wavelength light was significantly
      larger than expected from the model where horizontal cells receive input mainly
      from red cones. The red cone responses to chromatic stimuli were strongly
      dependent upon the flash colour and size. Increasing the spot size reduced the
      sensitivity to green relative to red and augmented the differences in kinetics
      between the response to red light and that evoked by green light. It was
      concluded that L-type horizontal cells received a short wavelength input in
      addition to the input from red cones. This additional green input coupled with
      the negative feedback pathway from horizontal cells onto red cones determined the
      differential spatial properties of the red cone responses to red and green test
      flashes.

PMID- 4060607
TI  - Orientation sensitivity and texture segmentation in patterns with different line
      orientation.
AB  - Orientation sensitivity (OS) and the ability of human subjects to discriminate
      structured areas of different texture orientation (DOT) were investigated using
      line arrays of varying line length. In general, OS was mediated by shorter lines
      than was DOT; lines can be distinguished by their orientation before they give
      the impression of a texture border between adjacent regions with lines differing
      in orientation. This difference was found to hold over a range of retinal
      eccentricities from 5 degrees nasal to 30 degrees temporal. Decreasing visual
      acuity, associated with increasing distance from the fovea, cannot, however,
      account for the higher threshold of DOT, even taking into account that DOT
      requires a larger area for analysis than OS. When angle of orientation between
      adjacent texture areas was varied instead of line length, DOT thresholds at
      different retinal locations were reached at similar values. The difference
      between OS and DOT, found consistently at all retinal positions, suggests that
      they are mediated by distinct neural mechanisms.

PMID- 4060608
TI  - The upper limit of human smooth pursuit velocity.
AB  - The maximum smooth pursuit eye velocity was determined in five human subjects.
      Eye movements were recorded with the d.c.-coupled EOG. On each trial the target
      moved in a ramp, at a constant velocity between 10 and 200 deg/sec. In four
      subjects eye velocity was approximately 90% of target velocity up to a target
      velocity of 100 deg/sec. Eye velocity then saturated with a large variability
      from trial to trial (standard deviation 16 deg/sec). The fifth subject had eye
      velocities only 60% of these values.

PMID- 4060609
TI  - A shift in the perceived simultaneity of adjacent visual stimuli following
      adaptation to stroboscopic motion along the same axis.
AB  - Adaptation to stroboscopic motion affects the perceived temporal order of two
      adjacent stimuli presented along the same axis. The extent of shift appears to be
      independent of the duration of adaptation and under the conditions studied was 3
      6 msec in a direction consistent with a cancellation of the motion aftereffect.
      There was no effect upon the locus of simultaneity when adapting stroboscopic
      motion was orthogonal to that of the test stimulus.

PMID- 4060610
TI  - Infant interocular acuity differences and binocular vision.
AB  - Monocular acuity, binocular acuity, and stereopsis were assessed with
      preferential-looking techniques in a sample of 114 normal infants aged 0-11
      months in order to examine developmental trends in: (1) interocular differences
      in acuity, (2) test-retest reliability, (3) the relationship between monocular
      and binocular measures of acuity, and (4) the relationship between interocular
      differences in acuity and stereopsis. Mean interocular acuity difference was
      largest during months 0-5 (approximately 1 octave) and decreased to approximately
      0.5 octaves by months 9-11. Test-retest reliability was constant throughout
      months 0-11 (0.5 octaves). The superiority of binocular acuity over monocular
      acuity was evident after the 6th month. The presence or absence of stereopsis
      during months 3-5 was directly related to the magnitude of interocular acuity
      differences. These age trends suggest that the third to fifth months of life may
      represent a period of binocular competition in the human visual system which,
      during normal development, culminates in small interocular acuity differences and
      the onset of binocular function, including stereopsis.

PMID- 4060611
TI  - Prediction of flicker sensitivities from temporal three-pulse data.
AB  - At low spatial frequencies it is possible to accurately predict sinusoidal
      flicker sensitivities from thresholds for a series of three temporal pulses. This
      is accomplished using a model comprising a linear temporal filter followed by an
      essential nonlinearity and temporal probability summation. At high spatial
      frequencies accurate predictions still require temporal probability summation,
      but not the essential nonlinearity.

PMID- 4060612
TI  - Motion perception during dichoptic viewing of moving random-dot stereograms.
AB  - The relation between binocular and monocular motion perception was investigated.
      A random-dot stereogram (30 X 30 deg arc), containing a central figure seen in
      front of the background in stereoscopic vision, was viewed dichoptically by human
      subjects without a fixed visual frame of reference. The images seen by the right
      and left eye were moved laterally according to a triangular wave form, in
      counterphase, but with variable amplitude ratios. Under this condition only
      purely lateral movement and no motion in depth of the stereogram as a whole was
      perceived, while stereoscopic vision of the figure-background relation was
      maintained. The magnitude of the binocularly perceived lateral motion, signalled
      by manual tracking of the perceived displacement, equalled the algebraic mean of
      the monocular motion percepts. As a special case, when the two images forming the
      stereogram were moved with equal velocities but in opposite directions they were
      perceived as a completely stationary, fused image in stereoscopic depth. Only the
      addition of a stationary reference (a bar or grating seen by both eyes) resulted
      in the perception of motion in depth. We conclude that a visual frame of
      reference is essential for perception of motion in depth but not for perception
      of lateral movements. Moreover, it seems likely that not absolute binocular
      disparity (retinal locus differences) but relative binocular disparity
      (differences in angular distance between two or more corresponding features in
      the two retinal images) is a cue for perception of depth.

PMID- 4060613
TI  - The binocular contribution to monocular optokinetic nystagmus and after nystagmus
      asymmetries in humans.
AB  - Stereoblind subjects show marked monocular asymmetries in both OKN and OKAN,
      while normal subjects produce more balanced nystagmus. There is a negative
      relationship between the magnitude of the asymmetries and the magnitude of a
      binocular contribution to OKN production as measured with dichoptic, strobe
      illumination. A second experiment with normal subjects corroborated this
      relationship, revealing a small, but significant asymmetry in these subjects'
      OKAN. Further, there was no correlation between the monocular nystagmus
      asymmetries and stereoacuity. The results are explained in terms of subcortical
      binocular mechanisms.

PMID- 4060614
TI  - Modification of pattern reversal VERs by ocular accommodation.
AB  - The amplitudes and implicit times of the P-1 component of monocular transient
      pattern VERs elicited by reversing checkerboard targets were measured in 6
      conditions: (1) Ocular accommodation (Ao) elicited by minus power ophthalmic
      lenses; (2) Ao stimulated by minus lenses with the natural pupil of the test eye
      dilated and replaced by an artificial pupil; (3) accommodative demand and pupil
      size fixed with retinal image size (Ir) changed by afocal minifying lenses, (4)
      accommodative demand and Ir fixed but pupil size changed; (5) Ao elicited by
      minus lenses for three sizes of reversing checkerboards, and (6) Ao elicited by
      minus lenses for a constant checkerboard size with three check sizes. The
      observed decrease in VER amplitude with Ao could not be attributed entirely to
      the effects of pupil size or Ir. The rate at which the amplitude of P-1 decreased
      with Ao was not affected by checkerboard check size, but was closely correlated
      with checkerboard field size. The implicit time of P-1 first decreased slightly
      below baseline values at low and moderate levels of Ao and then tended to
      increase significantly at higher levels. The increase in implicit time at high
      levels of Ao could be explained adequately by the effects of pupil size alone on
      the VER. However, where Ao occurred without pupillary miosis, the increase in
      implicit time could only be explained by focusing error.

PMID- 4060615
TI  - Fechner's paradox in binocular contrast sensitivity.
AB  - It is generally accepted that binocular spatial contrast sensitivity in normal
      observers is higher than monocular sensitivity by some 42% across all spatial
      frequencies, an amount predictable on the basis of neural summation of the two
      monocular responses. Such summation predicts that a reduction of sensitivity in
      one eye would result in a fall in binocular sensitivity to a level approaching,
      but never lower than, that of the other eye. We present evidence that reduction
      in monocular sensitivity caused by reduced luminance can, in some subjects, lower
      binocular sensitivity to a level below that of the other eye, an analogue of
      Fechner's brightness paradox. In other subjects the expected summation occurs and
      binocular sensitivity always remains at or above the monocular level.

PMID- 4060616
TI  - Anisotropy in the preferred directions and visual field location of directionally
      selective optic nerve fibers in the gray squirrel.
AB  - Directionally-selective optic nerve fibers in the gray squirrel possess an
      anisotropic distribution of preferred direction. Similar to the directional
      anisotropy seen in ground squirrel, the possible role of these units is
      discussed.

PMID- 4060617
TI  - The optical phase transfer function of the eye and the perception of spatial
      phase.

PMID- 4060618
TI  - [Fraternal cooperation of military medics].

PMID- 4060619
TI  - [For the good of the health of the Soviet people (facts and figures)].

PMID- 4060620
TI  - [In the surgical military mobile hospital].

PMID- 4060621
TI  - [Application of quarantine measures in the plague focus during the Manchurian
      campaign].

PMID- 4060622
TI  - [Exposure of criminal activity of the Japanese military authorities regarding the
      preparation and use of bacterial warfare].

PMID- 4060623
TI  - [Further findings on improving the health of pilots].

PMID- 4060624
TI  - [Role of the research-methodological department of the garrison hospital in
      rendering services to military-medical units].

PMID- 4060625
TI  - [Current scientific aspects of the problem of alcoholism].

PMID- 4060626
TI  - [Treatment of patients with severe forms of hepatitis A].

PMID- 4060627
TI  - [Prognosis of body functions during adaptation to high altitude].

PMID- 4060628
TI  - [Determining vestibular asymmetry applicable to the tasks of medical expert
      testimony in aerospace medicine].

PMID- 4060629
TI  - [Use of reflexotherapy in the prevention and treatment of motion sickness].

PMID- 4060630
TI  - [Experience with using veloergometric examination in the early periods of
      myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4060631
TI  - [Study of the visual fields by comparing visual perception].

PMID- 4060632
TI  - [Pre-sterilization handling of drug containers in field conditions].

PMID- 4060633
TI  - [Modeling the methods of roentgenological location of intraocular foreign
      bodies].

PMID- 4060634
TI  - [A device for measuring the depth of the tomographic section].

PMID- 4060635
TI  - [Initiative in competition].

PMID- 4060636
TI  - [Ways of increasing the effectiveness of the independent work of students at a
      military medical college].

PMID- 4060637
TI  - [Scientific and technical progress and tasks of medical services to the Armed
      Forces].

PMID- 4060638
TI  - [Role of practice assignments in the independent study of students in the
      military department of a medical school].

PMID- 4060639
TI  - [Propaganda for a healthy life style in a military unit].

PMID- 4060640
TI  - [Military-medical expert examinations in diseases of the veins of the lower
      extremities].

PMID- 4060641
TI  - [Various problems in the diagnosis of precancerous conditions of the large
      intestine among young persons].

PMID- 4060642
TI  - [Methodology of routine sanitary inspection in the implementation of measures to
      protect the environment].

PMID- 4060644
TI  - [Ways and means of controlling the adaptive process and physical resistance of
      sailors].

PMID- 4060645
TI  - [Organization of the work of the endoscopy department of a district military
      hospital].

PMID- 4060643
TI  - [Medical provisions for flights during pilot retraining].

PMID- 4060646
TI  - [Use of reflexotherapy in patients with osteochondrosis of the spine associated
      with ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 4060647
TI  - [Rehabilitation of patients with gastroduodenal pathology].

PMID- 4060648
TI  - [Prevention of lesions resulting from toxic chemicals].

PMID- 4060649
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the results of free plastic repair of defects of the
      tympanic membrane of traumatic and inflammatory origin using fascia].

PMID- 4060650
TI  - [Experience with the work of a metabolic unit in a therapy department].

PMID- 4060651
TI  - [New methods and means for local wound treatment].

PMID- 4060652
TI  - [Physico-chemical medicine and therapeutic physical factors].

PMID- 4060653
TI  - [Fibrinolytic system in patients with a history of myocardial infarction and its
      changes during early sanatorium rehabilitation].

PMID- 4060654
TI  - [Effect of graded exercise therapy on attention and memory functions in the early
      rehabilitation period after surgery of the intracranial cerebral arteries].

PMID- 4060656
TI  - [Beta- and alpha 1-lipoprotein levels after application of sodium sulfate and
      sodium chloride mineral waters in children with duodenal ulcer and
      gastroduodenitis].

PMID- 4060655
TI  - [Effect of ultrahigh-frequency electric fields on cerebral circulation and
      thrombocyte aggregation in patients with sequelae of cerebral stroke].

PMID- 4060658
TI  - [Effect of mud therapy on the cardiovascular system in children with rheumatism].

PMID- 4060657
TI  - [Health-resort treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in adolescents].

PMID- 4060659
TI  - [Multi-criteria analysis and its use for evaluation of the effectiveness of
      acupuncture therapy].

PMID- 4060660
TI  - [Effect of traditional and intensified methods of exercise therapy at a climatic
      health resort on patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases engaged in
      physical work].

PMID- 4060661
TI  - [Hydrogeodynamic areas of mineral waters].

PMID- 4060662
TI  - [Proteolytic and lipolytic activities of mold fungi and Actinomyces in
      therapeutic muds of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and Tuva].

PMID- 4060663
TI  - [Medico-technological requirements in selection, evaluation and functional
      testing of therapeutic beaches].

PMID- 4060664
TI  - [The nature and significance of balneological reactions].

PMID- 4060666
TI  - [Dioxidine phonophoresis in the treatment of bacterial keratitis and corneal
      ulcers].

PMID- 4060665
TI  - [Phonophoresis of mucarthrin].

PMID- 4060667
TI  - [Ultrasonic therapy in the complex treatment of lactostasis and initial forms of
      postpartum mastitis].

PMID- 4060669
TI  - [Exercise therapy in the rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarction at
      the outpatient stage of treatment].

PMID- 4060668
TI  - [Microcirculation in patients with initial stages of hypertension during health
      resort treatment including sulfide balneotherapy].

PMID- 4060671
TI  - [Medical indications and contraindications in recommending tourist centers].

PMID- 4060670
TI  - [Methodological approaches and results of standardization and research work with
      regard to exercise therapy].

PMID- 4060672
TI  - [Accumulation of polycyclic arenes in Baltic Sea algae].
AB  - The paper presents data on the level of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) and some other
      polycyclic arenes in alga and phanerogam specimens from different gulfs of the
      Baltic Sea. Algae were shown to absorb BP from sea water. The mean concentration
      of BP in sea water was under 0.004 microgram/1, while in algae it ranged 0.1-21.2
      micrograms/kg dry weight. Algae accumulate BP to a higher degree than
      phanerogams. The highest concentrations of BP were found in algae Enteromorpha
      while the lowest ones in Furcellaria. In annual green algae, BP level was higher
      in autumn, i. e. at the end of vegetation period, than in spring. Brown algae
      Fucus vesiculosus is recommended for monitoring polycyclic arene pollution in the
      area from Vormsi Island to Kasmu and green algae Cladophora or Enteromorpha in
      the eastern part of the Finnish Gulf.

PMID- 4060673
TI  - [Luminescent characteristics of the functional state of sarcoma 45 cells].
AB  - Various functional states of cells of sarcoma 45 in the course of its growth and
      regression were studied by photometry and spectral analysis using acridine
      orange. Fluorescent spectral analysis proved to be the most reliable procedure
      for quantitative evaluation of tumor cell function using the alpha-coefficient.

PMID- 4060674
TI  - [Structure of acute and chronic pain syndromes in patients with gynecologic
      tumors].
AB  - Questionnaires on the nature of pain were distributed among 100 female
      postoperative and 29 incurable patients suffering from genital tumors. The
      structure of an acute and a chronic pain syndrome was established. The
      postoperative pain syndrome appeared to be determined, mainly, by the site and
      extent of surgical intervention while the chronic one by the pattern of tumor
      progression.

PMID- 4060675
TI  - [Postoperative mortality and means of reducing it in patients with lung cancer].
AB  - The report discusses a 20 year-old experience with surgical treatment for lung
      cancer. In 1961-1980, the following surgical procedures were carried out in 1,100
      cases of lung cancer: pneumonectomy--417 (38%), lobe- and bilobectomy--506 (46%),
      and exploratory thoracotomy--117 (16%). The range of indications for surgical
      treatment has been extended within the last 10 years; the percentage of surgical
      cases older than 60 years has grown from 17 to 35%, with patients older than 70
      amounting to 12%. Risk of surgery for lung cancer has been reduced thanks to
      complex and pathogenetically-grounded therapy given before and immediately after
      operation as well as application of improved surgical and anesthesiologic support
      procedures. Among the most frequent death-causing post-operative complications
      were thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery, bronchial fistula, empyema of the
      chest and cardiopulmonary failure.

PMID- 4060676
TI  - [Energy expenditures and the actual nutrition of workers in a synthetic leather
      plant].
AB  - A study was made of energy expenditures and factual nutrition of the workers
      engaged in synthetic leather manufacture. Antropometric measurements were also
      taken. Based on the study of daily energy expenditures, the calculations were
      made of the optimal requirements of the main substances and energy. The actual
      nutrition of the workers was found to provide the necessary caloricity covering
      energy expenditures. However, definite shortcomings were revealed in the
      structure of the foods consumed, namely insufficient intake of vegetable fats,
      the prevalence of simple sugars in the structure of carbohydrate component,
      insufficient intake of vitamins A, B1 and folacin. According to the antropometric
      measurements 30,4% of the examined workers were obese.

PMID- 4060677
TI  - [Effect of the amount of protein and calcium in the diet on cadmium chloride
      absorption from the gastrointestinal tract].
AB  - Experiments on rats kept on the diets with different content of protein (18, 30
      and 5%) and calcium (0,6, 2.4, 0.1%) for a month were made to study the
      absorption coefficient of labeled cadmium from the gastrointestinal tract. It was
      established that the quota of calcium and protein in the diet exerts an
      appreciable effect on cadmium chloride absorption via the gastrointestinal tract.
      The highest coefficient of cadmium absorption was recorded on excess protein
      (30%) and calcium deficiency (0,1%) in the diet, whereas the least one in the
      group of animals fed the diet with a low protein quota (5%).

PMID- 4060678
TI  - [Changes in the vessels of the kidneys in rats on a choline- and protein
      deficient diet].
AB  - Prolonged (from 4 to 10 months) keeping of rats on a cholinoprotein- and protein
      deficient diets produces an associated moderate damage to the wall on renal blood
      vessels and glomerulopathy. There take place dystrophic alterations in the
      elastic skeleton of the interlobular arteries in the form of elasticity loss and
      impairment of the tinctorial properties on the internal elastic membrane combined
      with vacuolization of the smooth muscle cells of the media.

PMID- 4060679
TI  - [Chyme homeostasis in the gastroduodenal portion of the digestive tract under
      different nutritional diets].
AB  - The concentration of chyme ingredients and volumetric velocity of the chyme
      transfer from the duodenum to the jejunum were investigated in experiments on
      normal preoperated dogs with fistulas implanted into the stomach, duodenum and
      jejunum after feeding different diets throughout the entire process of active
      digestion. It has been established that as a result of exchange between the
      medium filling the gastroduodenal part of the alimentary tract and blood, an
      enteral medium is formed in the duodenum, with the composition of this medium
      being relatively constant as regards the concentration and constituent
      ingredients. It has been also shown that the direction of the balanced flows of
      the nutrients depends on their concentration in the diet and that both immediate
      exchange of substances between the enteral and internal media, which is effected
      according to the concentration gradient, and regulatory alterations in the
      secretion are involved in homeostasis of the enteral medium.

PMID- 4060681
TI  - [Biological value of soy protein concentrate].
AB  - The chemical score techinique was employed in animal experiments to study the
      biological value of the protein soybean concentrate. Net utilization of protein,
      the protein efficacy ratio were determined as were nitrogen balance and its
      assimilability. The animals' general status and body weight were observed over
      time. It was discovered that the protein soybean concentrate appeared inferior to
      casein used as control. The relative biological value of the product under study
      was found to be high enough, amounting to 82.66% with regard to casein.

PMID- 4060680
TI  - [Localization of the primary action of amino acids leading to the stimulation of
      gastric secretion].
AB  - An attempt has been made to specify whether the stimulant action of amino acids
      on gastric secretion is related to their direct effect on the structures of the
      central nervous system or to the influence on certain peripheral receptor
      formations followed by information transmission to the nervous centres. Acute
      experiments on dogs were performed to compare the effect of amino acids injected
      to the carotid artery and to the peripheral vein. It was established that amino
      acids injected to the carotid artery produced a more rapidly developing and more
      pronounced secretory reaction of the gastric glands than amino acids injected to
      the peripheral vein. This fact may strongly indicate that the above effect of
      amino acids is linked with their direct action on brain structures.

PMID- 4060682
TI  - [Electron microscopic study of the effect of the antioxidant action of alpha
      tocopherol].
AB  - Electron microscopy was used to study antioxidant action of alpha-tocopherol by
      examining gastric mucosa biopsies from schizophrenic patients kept on a prolonged
      fasting diet. Intramuscular injection of 100 mg alpha-tocopherol a day over 20
      days did not influence fatty infiltration of the parietal cells. At the same time
      alpha-tocopherol promoted active oxidation of infiltrative lipids and excretion
      of oxidation products from the cells. The preparation exerted a marked protective
      effect on the maintenance of the integrity of membrane complexes of gastric
      mucosa cells, prevented the development of fatty degeneration of granulocytes
      characteristic of a prolonged fasting diet.

PMID- 4060683
TI  - [Posttraumatic regeneration of the skeletal muscles in certain forms of
      hypovitaminosis B1].
AB  - Light microscopy was employed to study the development of posttraumatic aseptic
      inflammation and subsequent regeneration in the affected musculus soleus in
      different patterns of hypovitaminosis B1. Alimentary deficiency of thiamine
      entailed pronounced retardation of the post-traumatic inflammation. The growth of
      macrophage density and formation of the pool of the regenerating cells were also
      retarded. On day 21 the regeneration pool showed an elevated content of the
      connective tissue. During long-term administration of oxythiamine in a dose of 10
      mg/kg with a 12-hour interval, the development of the inflammatory response was
      marked by similar alterations, but the formation of muscle fibers and connective
      tissue proceeded more uniformly. A single administration of oxythiamine in a dose
      of 200 mg/kg did not bring about any substantial impairment of the early stages
      of regeneration. The alterations observed can be associated with different degree
      of inhibition of the activity of TDF-containing enzymes and derangement of the
      function of the nervous system.

PMID- 4060684
TI  - [Adrenal cortex functional activity in pantothenate deficiency and the
      administration of the vitamin or its derivatives].
AB  - Study of the corticosteroid content in the adrenals and blood of rats under
      pantothenate deficiency has demonstrated a decrease in adrenocortical function. A
      single administration of pantothenate in a dose of 3.3 mg/kg reduced the
      influence of hypovitaminosis on the adrenals. The pantothenate derivatives
      (pantethine, 4'-phosphopantothenate and CoA in particular) injected to intact
      animals in a single dose equimolar to 3.3 mg/kg calcium pantothenate per kg bw
      had a marked steroidogenous effect.

PMID- 4060685
TI  - [Effect of vitamins A, E and K on the indices of the glutathione antiperoxide
      system in gingival tissues in periodontosis].
AB  - Glutathione reductase is activated and the content of glutathione sulfhydryl
      groups is increased in the gingival tissue of patients afficted with
      parodontosis. The degree of alterations depends on the degree of the development
      and character of the disease. Application of antioxidant vitamin therapy
      (vitamins A, E and K) locally and per os normalizes the parameters under study
      and improves the status of the parodontium.

PMID- 4060686
TI  - [Dependence of the dynamics of the multiplication of bacteria in the genus
      Citrobacter on the temperature factor and on the product type in experimental
      contamination].
AB  - A study was made of the time course of the reproduction of bacteria of the
      Citrobacter genus in milk, sausage meat and vermicelli during experimental
      contamination, with incubation of cultures at 3 temperature regimens (24, 37 and
      44 degrees C). Estimation of the results of experiments was performed by counting
      the number of the colonies on the surface of 2% beef-extract agar. It was
      established that within the first 6 h, at 24 and 37 degrees C there was an
      identical growth of the number of microorganisms in all the foods under study.
      During incubation at 44 degrees C (for 4-8 h), there was a slower reproduction of
      bacteria in milk as compared with sausage meat. It was revealed that food
      consistency had an effect on the intensity of the reproduction of bacteria of the
      Citrobacter genus depending on the time of incubation and temperature.

PMID- 4060687
TI  - [Biochemical, hematological and immunological criteria for assessing chronic T-2
      mycotoxicosis in mice].
AB  - The authors studied the effect of a long-term intragastric administration to CBA
      X C57Bl/6 male mice of T-2 toxin in doses of 0.067 mg/kg bw a day (1/100 of the
      LD50) or 0.33 and 0.45 mg/kg a day (1/20 and 1/15 of the LD50) on the liver
      content of protein, cytochrome P-450 SH-glutathione and on the activity of 10
      lysosomal and microsomal enzymes and glutathione transferase. A dose-dependent
      increase in the activity of lysosomal hydrolases and glutathione transferase
      localized in cytosol was revealed together with a fall in the activity of
      microsomal aniline hydroxylase, carboxyl esterase and epoxide hydrolase. Emphasis
      is laid on a dose-dependent reduction in the liver of nonsedimented activity of
      lysosomal enzymes. In T-2 mycotoxicosis, the most sensitive and the most stable
      parameter was the activity of lysosomal enzymes in blood serum. That activity
      also declined during the recovery period, namely 3 months after discontinuance of
      toxin administration. Both groups of mice showed a progressive decrease in the
      blood leukocyte count and lysozyme content, whereas in the spleen, there was a
      decrease in the number of antibody-forming cells. It is concluded that
      biochemical, hematological and hematological characteristics should be taken into
      consideration in evaluating the chronic action of T-2 toxin.

PMID- 4060688
TI  - [Toxicological evaluation of gamma ray-treated fresh fish in an experiment on
      rats].
AB  - The effect of fish treated with gamma-beams on the animal body on the whole and
      on some organs and tissues was studied in chronic experiments on 4 generations of
      Wistar rats of both sexes. The animals' status was evaluated according to the
      rats' appearance, behavior, and the time-course of changes in the body weight. In
      rats of the basic generation, the rate of tumor occurrence and tumor sites were
      also examined. Morphological and biochemical investigations were carried out over
      time, namely after 4, 8, 12 and 17 months. The measurements were taken of blood
      serum and liver proteins, blood sulfhydryl groups and hemoglobin, ascorbic acid
      in the liver and adrenals, as well as of the activity of AST, ALT and
      cholinesterase in the blood serum and in the liver. In the majority of cases, the
      findings obtained in experimental animals did not differ from those in controls.

PMID- 4060689
TI  - [The carbohydrate composition of human milk].
AB  - The carbohydrate content of breast milk was investigated by capillary gas liquid
      chromatography. The milk samples obtained from 16 normal lactating mothers
      contained glucose, galactose, lactose, and 3-fucosidolactose. The content of
      monosaccharides in breast milk was 2-12 times higher than that in cow's milk. The
      lactose content amounted to 84-95%, whereas the ratio of alpha- tox beta-froms
      was within 0.92-0.95%. Breast milk was found to contain alpha- and beta-forms of
      2- and 3-fucosidolactose which do not occur in cow's milk. The content of these
      forms accounted for 3%. The biological role of breast milk carbohydrates is
      discussed.

PMID- 4060690
TI  - [Effect of dietotherapy on the magnesium content of the blood serum of ischemic
      heart disease patients].
AB  - Examination of patients with chronic coronary heart disease who suffered
      myocardial infarction has shown that most of them had a high blood serum content
      of magnesium. The magnesium content was lowered in 25% of the examined and was
      maximal in serum of the patients under 40 years. A positive correlation of the
      magnesium content to the serum content of beta-cholesterol and a negative one to
      the content of pre-beta-cholesterol and triglycerides were noted. After dietetic
      management a tendency was observed toward a 24% decrease in the magnesium content
      in obese patients and a 20% decrease in patients with normal body weight. Both
      groups demonstrated a reduction (but within normal) in the high magnesium content
      and a moderate elevation of the initially lowered content. The measurement of the
      magnesium content in blood serum cannot be regarded as an informative enough test
      for revealing the role of magnesium in the pathogenesis of coronary heart
      disease.

PMID- 4060691
TI  - [Fractional and fatty-acid composition of the lipids of horse and camel meat].
AB  - The authors examined lipids of horse and camel meat and those obtained from the
      camel's hump. It was shown that the content of total lipids in camel meat ranges
      from 10.4 to 16.3 g/100 g product, that in horse meat from 5.9 to 16.5 g/100 g
      product. No differences are recorded in the fractional composition of lipids
      contained by both types of meat. The main part of lipids is constituted by
      triglycerides (91-92%). Horse meat lipids are marked by a high content of
      polyunsaturated fatty acids (15.8-18.4%) and by a high degree of unsaturation
      (72.8-78.4). Camel meat lipids, particularly those obtained from the camel's hump
      are characterized by a considerable content of saturated fatty acids (44% in
      camel meat and 60.2% in the hump). Hump lipids are poor in polyunsaturated fatty
      acids (1.1%). The losses of meat lipids on culinary treatment are within 24-44%.

PMID- 4060692
TI  - Cryopreservation of human platelets using 6% dimethyl sulfoxide and storage at 
      80 degrees C. Effects of 2 years of frozen storage at -80 degrees C and
      transportation in dry ice.
AB  - Platelet studies were done in healthy male volunteers and in thrombocytopenic
      patients. Some of the platelets used in the study were isolated by mechanical
      apheresis using either the Haemonetics blood processor 30, the IBM blood
      processor 2997 or the Fenwal CS-3000 blood processor before freezing. Other
      platelets were isolated from individual units of whole blood and pooled before
      freezing. The platelets were frozen with a 6% cryoprotectant (DMSO) in a
      polyvinylchloride (PVC) plastic bag or a polyolefin plastic bag at -80 degrees C
      in a mechanical freezer and stored for as long as 3 years. Some of the frozen
      platelets were transported in dry ice in polystyrene foam containers to determine
      whether they would be adversely affected by such treatment. Platelet recovery
      after freezing, thawing and washing was about 75%. In the healthy male
      volunteers, in vivo recovery of autologous platelets 1-2 h after transfusion was
      about 33%, and the life span was about 8 days. In the thrombocytopenic patients,
      in vivo recovery values were 50% of those from fresh platelets. The transfusion
      of previously frozen washed platelets reduced clinical bleeding in the
      thrombocytopenic patients with bleeding. There was no evidence of quality
      deterioration in platelets after storage at -80 degrees C for at least 2 years,
      as determined from in vivo recovery and in vivo survival values, nor was there
      any adverse effect as a result of shipment of the frozen platelets in dry ice in
      polystyrene foam containers from one facility to another.

PMID- 4060693
TI  - Macroaggregate formation in optimal additive red cells.
AB  - The formation of macroaggregates weighing up to 9 g was observed in optimal
      additive red cells. Such aggregates, with a mean wet weight of 3 g, formed
      progressively during storage and were present in up to 85% of units. They were
      composed of leucocyte and platelet debris, together with some fibrin.
      Macroaggregates formation was halved by less stringent centrifugation during
      preparation and was reduced by use of an optimal additive system in which the
      additive solution contained citrate. Extra mixing during transfer of the additive
      solution only delayed aggregate formation. Partial leucocyte depletion or
      addition of 200,000 KIU of the enzyme inhibitor aprotinin did not prevent
      macroaggregate formation.

PMID- 4060694
TI  - In vitro and in vivo activities of different immunoglobulin G preparations from
      the rabbit against Enterobacteriaceae.
AB  - Specific rabbit IgG, prepared against three enterobacterial strains, was modified
      according to procedures used for the production of human IgG preparations
      suitable for intravenous infusion. The resulting products were examined for their
      in vitro opsonic and in vivo protective activity against the respective bacterial
      strains. A sulfonated IgG preparation (S-sIgG) and the enzymatically derived
      fragments F(ab')2 and Fab/Fc were opsonic in vitro and provided in vivo
      protection against lethal enterobacterial infection in mice. Protection by Fab
      fragments varied in the different in vivo models.

PMID- 4060696
TI  - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia due to anti B autoantibody.
AB  - An anti B autoantibody was found during a routine cross-matching of the blood of
      two patients who presented with fever and hemolytic anemia. It appeared
      transiently and was shown to be IgM- and cold-reacting. The patients had an
      excellent response to a short course of corticosteroid treatment.

PMID- 4060695
TI  - Antiglycolipid antibodies in normal and pathologic human sera and synovial
      fluids.
AB  - Antiglycolipid antibodies were measured in normal and pathologic sera and
      synovial fluids by means of a modified microplate method of complement-mediated
      immune lysis of fluorescent dye-trapped liposomes. All sera of normal subjects
      had antibodies against globopentaosylceramide (IV3 GalNAcGbOse4Cer), ganglioside
      GM1, gangliotriaosylceramide, gangliotetraosylceramide, and
      galactosylneolactotetraosylceramide antigens. Most sera of normal subjects had
      antibodies against lactotriaosylceramide, N-glycolylneuraminosyl
      neolactotetraosylceramide (NeuGcnLcOse4Cer), GM3 ganglioside with N
      glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGcGM3) and GD1a antigens. Differences of titers
      against IV3GalNAcGbOse4Cer, neolactotetraosylceramide, NeuGcGM3 and
      NeuGcnLcOse4Cer antigens were observed between sera of normal subjects and
      pathologic sera from cases of leukemias, lymphomas, several autoimmune diseases
      and liver diseases.

PMID- 4060697
TI  - [Demonstration and study of the internal proteins of the influenza B virus using
      solid-phase radioimmunological analysis].
AB  - Internal proteins of influenza B/USSR/14/80 virus retaining their antigenic and
      immunogenic activities were obtained by electrophoresis in 1% agarose. Antisera
      to eluted NP and M polypeptides were prepared. Study of influenza B viruses
      isolated in 1940-1984, performed by solid-phase radioimmunoassay, revealed no
      differences in the antigenic properties of nucleoprotein and matrix protein,
      except in the B/Yamagata/73 virus.

PMID- 4060698
TI  - [Detection of HBsAg by solid-phase radioimmunological analysis on polyethylene
      film].
AB  - A method of solid-phase radioimmunoassay on polyethylene film has been developed
      for the detection of HBsAg in human sera. The method records the results
      autoradiographically, is very capacious, demonstrative and documentary. It has
      been demonstrated that for at least one month the antibodies previously
      immobilized on the film retain their capacity to bind with HBsAg that allows
      timely preparation of the film with immobilized antibody for future analyses.
      Detection of HBsAg on the film was shown to be specific. The reasons are given
      for large-scale application of the method in the laboratories not equipped with
      special radiometric apparatuses.

PMID- 4060699
TI  - [Characteristics of tick-borne encephalitis virus strains isolated from patients
      with chronic diseases of the central nervous system].
AB  - Two groups of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus strains were studied: Group 1,
      5 strains isolated from patients with chronic TBE with progressive course, Group
      2, 13 strains isolated from residents of an endemic locality, with chronic
      diseases of the CNS (amiotrophic lateral sclerosis, epidemic encephalitis,
      polyoencephalomyelitis, syringomyelia, etc.). Strains of both groups belong to
      two serotypes of TBE virus: mid-Siberian and Transbaikal (synonym Aina/1448) and
      eastern. Group 1 strains were heterogeneous in their virulence, immunogenic and
      surface properties of the virions. The latter characteristic was demonstrated in
      studies of elution from macropore glass and sensitivity of hemagglutinin to the
      effect of detergents (Bridge-96, Tween-80). Eight of 13 Group 2 patients had
      concurrent diseases (tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, tumors, etc.). Streptomycin was
      demonstrated to activate asymptomatic infection with TBE virus in hamsters. It is
      assumed that isolation of TBE virus from Group 2 patients could be due to
      activation of persistent infection under the effect of concurrent diseases and
      drugs.

PMID- 4060700
TI  - [Immune status and resistance to the tick-borne encephalitis virus in directed
      exposure to particular links in immunogenesis].
AB  - Mechanism of specific resistance development in experimental tick-borne
      encephalitis (TBE) and possible effects on this mechanism were studied. Thorough
      characterization of the immune status of animals included quantitative and
      functional changes in populations of T and B lymphocytes determined over time via
      changes in the rosette-forming and antibody producing cells, antihemagglutinins,
      and index of migration inhibition. Stimulation or inhibition of some links of
      immunogenesis by means of preparations of directed effect (carageenan, ascorbic
      acid, heterologous serum, theophylline, levamisole) was reflected in parameters
      of the immune status and pathogenetic features of TBE. The appearance in the
      first days after infection of marked specific sensitization, high values of RFC
      in passive rosette-formation and inhibited function of antibody producing cells,
      no IgG synthesis by the end of the 1st week were accompanied by high lethality
      which indicated the lack of resistance to primary infection. The degree of
      specific sensitization and responsiveness of the animals to antigen was
      inversely, and antibody response directly related to the degree of resistance.

PMID- 4060702
TI  - [Experimental evaluation of the pathogenicity of Lassa virus variants].
AB  - Pathogenicity for guinea pigs and white mice of various Lassa virus variants:
      native, having had 1 passage in Vero cell culture and 4 passages in newborn white
      mouse brain; a virus having gone through 10 passages in Vero cells and 8 mouse
      brain passages (variant No. 10); a small-plaque clone derived from variant No. 10
      by the method of plaque-to-plaque cloning (variant No. 11k), was studied. Both
      the native virus and variant No. 10 were found to be similarly pathogenic for
      susceptible laboratory animals, while the small-plaque variant of Lassa virus
      became non-fatal for guinea pigs and white mice. The decline of pathogenic
      properties in variant No. 11k was shown not to be associated with the presence of
      temperature-sensitive mutants or defective interfering particles.

PMID- 4060701
TI  - [Effect of detergents on the hemagglutinating activity of different strains of
      tick-borne encephalitis virus].
AB  - A new genetic marker, sensitivity of hemagglutinins of tick-borne encephalitis
      virus (TBE) strains to the effect of hyamine 10-X (Hs), was used for
      characterization of the hemagglutinating component of freshly isolated TBE virus
      variants with differing neurovirulence and for strain grouping. This marked may
      also be used for directed search of strains highly active in HI.

PMID- 4060703
TI  - [Hemolytic activity of the measles virus].

PMID- 4060704
TI  - Tobacco--its role in the economy and the health of African countries.

PMID- 4060705
TI  - Faith in development.

PMID- 4060706
TI  - Expanded Programme on Immunization: the continuing role of the European Region.

PMID- 4060707
TI  - Technological disasters in the Americas: a public health challenge.

PMID- 4060708
TI  - [Hemoglobin level in male blood donors from the Kielce region].

PMID- 4060710
TI  - [Bacterial flora in genital organs of women using intrauterine contraceptive
      devices of the Copper T-200 type].

PMID- 4060709
TI  - [Polychemotherapy of cancer of the digestive system].

PMID- 4060711
TI  - [Subdural hygromas in meningitis].

PMID- 4060712
TI  - [A case of allergic-hyperergic complications after ventriculography and
      coronarography].

PMID- 4060713
TI  - [A case of a ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva].

PMID- 4060714
TI  - [True splenic cyst].

PMID- 4060715
TI  - [Incarcerated obturator hernia].

PMID- 4060716
TI  - [A case of axial torsion of the uterus as a labor obstacle in term pregnancy].

PMID- 4060717
TI  - [Carcinoid tumor of the rectum with metastases to the myocardium].

PMID- 4060718
TI  - [Acute renal failure as the first symptom of systemic lupus erythematosus in an
      11-year-old girl].

PMID- 4060719
TI  - [Similarities and differences in the intensity of various personality syndromes
      in patients with uncomplicated and complicated myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4060720
TI  - [Arterial blood pressure and various biochemical parameters in the blood of
      patients with idiopathic hypertension treated with Viskaldix].

PMID- 4060721
TI  - [Intrauterine contraceptive device Copper T-200 in clinical findings].

PMID- 4060722
TI  - [Release of copper from intrauterine contraceptive devices Copper T-200].

PMID- 4060723
TI  - [Infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis in children].

PMID- 4060724
TI  - [A case of pulmonary aspergillosis in a patient with a history of byssinosis].

PMID- 4060725
TI  - [Uretero-intestinal fistula as a complication of nephrectomy].

PMID- 4060726
TI  - [Subphrenic abscesses].

PMID- 4060727
TI  - [Involvement of the optic nerve in neural muscular atrophy].
AB  - Visual evoked potentials (VEP) were investigated in 12 members of a family with
      Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, 7 of whom showed manifest clinical signs of the
      disease. The mean value of the latency P100 of VEP in the 12 patients did not
      differ significantly from the value in normal controls, nor did the values in
      members with considerably reduced nerve conduction velocities differ
      significantly from those in members with normal nerve conduction velocity. Among
      the investigated members of the family, however, there was a significant
      difference in mean P100 latency between family H.G. with no clinical signs of the
      disease and the family of the twin brother, F.G. with clear clinical and
      neurographic signs of HMSN I. The divergent opinions given in the literature may
      be explained by heterogeneity, as well as an extreme expression of the inherited
      defect and a combination of two independently inherited diseases.

PMID- 4060728
TI  - [The cerebral angiogram in patients with complicated migraine].
AB  - 38 patients (mean age: 29 years) were investigated by means of complete 4-vessel
      angiography: all of them were suffering from complicated migraine without
      detectable vascular malformation. Stenoses of the great craniocervical vessels
      were found in 11 patients (28.9%), but there was not a single case of vascular
      occlusion. A correlation between the localization of the stenosis, the
      localization of the headache and the presumed region of the transient cerebral
      function disturbance was found only in a few patients. Concerning the
      morphological changes of the small intracranial arterial branches, there was
      hardly any difference between clinically affected and non-affected territories of
      the middle cerebral artery. The angiograms of the 38 cases of complicated
      migraine were compared with the angiograms of 40 patients suffering from strokes
      in the young and those of 49 patients with transient ischaemic attacks. There
      were remarkably fewer stenoses or occlusions in the great craniocervical arteries
      of patients suffering from complicated migraine (28.9%) than in the vessels of
      cases of stroke in the young (52.5%). However, the incidence was comparable with
      the results in patients with transient ischaemic attacks (34.7%). The degree of
      morphological changes in the small intracranial arterial branches is likely to
      depend primarily on the patient's age and less on the diagnosis. The results
      suggest that in almost 30% of patients with complicated migraine-even at juvenile
      age-stenoses of the great craniocervical vessels might be found.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4060729
TI  - [Current data on iodide excretion in the Vienna region].
AB  - Iodine excretion was investigated in 281 patients attending various medical
      outpatient departments in Vienna. In 64 consecutive patients determination of
      sodium excretion was performed additionally. 50% of the patients showed an iodine
      excretion of less than 92 micrograms/24 h, indicative of an insufficient supply
      of iodine. 25% had an iodine excretion of even less than 56 micrograms/24 h,
      which pointed to severe iodine deficiency. Iodine and sodium excretion were
      closely correlated, which indicates that table salt represents the most important
      source of iodine. Thus, the great deviation of iodine excretion among the
      population of one region demonstrated in this study is most likely due to varying
      salt intake. Iodine excretion did not differ in patients with simple goitre and
      controls, but was higher in polymorbid patients than in healthy persons. The
      apparent insufficiency of the iodine supply in the Vienna area favours an
      initiative for the legal augmentation of the iodine content of table salt.

PMID- 4060730
TI  - [Indirect mesentericoportography with prostaglandin E1].
AB  - Indirect mesentericoportography was performed in 36 patients after administration
      of prostaglandin E1 and immediately before contrast medium injection. The results
      were compared with the findings in a control group of 20 patients receiving
      tolazoline as vasodilator. On comparing prostaglandin E1 with tolazoline no
      significant improvement in contrast enhancement of the superior mesenteric vein
      was obtained. On the other hand, prostaglandin E1 seemed to produce less side
      effects than tolazoline.

PMID- 4060731
TI  - [Heavy metal and trace element concentrations in patients with idiopathic dilated
      cardiomyopathy].
AB  - Blood, serum and urine concentrations (24 hour samples) of cadmium, lead,
      magnesium, calcium, zinc, copper and iron were determined by means of atomic
      absorption spectrophotometry in 54 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (CMP).
      These data were compared with the values in 17 healthy controls. CMP patients
      showed higher blood cadmium concentrations (+173%, p less than 0.001), higher
      serum calcium concentrations (+4%, p less than 0.01) and lower serum magnesium
      levels (-11%, p less than 0.01). In urine samples CMP patients had higher cadmium
      levels and lower concentrations of calcium (-43%, p less than 0.05) and magnesium
      (-36%, p less than 0.05). Correlations with clinical data revealed no definite
      reason for the abnormal laboratory findings in CMP patients. In individual cases,
      however, the high cadmium concentrations could be of aetiological importance.

PMID- 4060733
TI  - [Demonstration of antibodies against Bacteroides fragilis in children using
      ELISA].
AB  - The ability of children to produce antibodies to B. fragilis shortly after birth
      was demonstrated by means of the ELISA technique. After half a year they have
      titres similar to adults.

PMID- 4060732
TI  - [Ophthalmological symptoms of infantile cerebral palsy].
AB  - 136 patients with infantile cerebral palsy (C.P.) aged between 9 months and 24
      years were examined in a special ophthalmology clinic for disabled children. 56%
      revealed strabismus, which was accompanied by variation in the concomitant squint
      angle and/or nystagmus in over two thirds of the cases. Strabismus divergens is
      over 3 times more frequent than in normally developed children. Strabismus in
      C.P. is more or less independent of the stage of refraction. There is no
      connection between the different types of C.P. and the various forms of
      strabismus. 6% of the cerebral paretic children showed gaze palsy combined with
      nystagmus on attempting to look down.

PMID- 4060734
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in the treatment of tumors of the epiphyseal
      region of the brain].
AB  - The case is described of a 17 year-old male, who was treated because of a large
      tumour in the region of the pineal gland. The diagnostic and therapeutic problems
      are presented and discussed.

PMID- 4060736
TI  - [Transient global amnesia].
AB  - The clinical picture of transient global amnesia (TGA) is discussed on the basis
      of the clinical findings in 19 patients. The central symptom is an acute memory
      loss, leading to disorientation, helplessness and pseudo-confusion. The symptoms
      last for several hours and then fade away. Pathogenetically a functional
      impairment of the limbic system is proposed. Most cases of TGA are due to
      ischaemic disease; rare causes are epileptic seizures, tumours, encephalitis and
      toxic or metabolic conditions. In order to clarify the aetiology and initiate
      appropriate therapy meticulous neurological investigation is necessary. The
      spontaneous prognosis of ischaemic forms is favourable, whilst in other cases it
      depends on the primary condition.

PMID- 4060735
TI  - [Diagnosis of myasthenia. Value of tensilon test, repetitive stimulation,
      staircase phenomenon and acetylcholine receptor antibody titer].
AB  - In a retrospective study on 78 patients with myasthenia gravis the diagnostic
      value of various investigational methods is assessed. On the basis of the results
      of the Tensilon test, repetitive stimulation, the staircase phenomenon and
      acetylcholine receptor antibody titre in the different clinical subgroups
      practical guidelines are proposed for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 4060737
TI  - [Rhabdomyolysis as a late complication of anesthesia--a case of malignant
      hyperthermia?].
AB  - Rhabdomyolysis is usually known to the anaesthetist, who may be confronted with
      this acute, life-threatening complication during anaesthesia. However, also the
      medical specialist ought to be familiar with the clinical picture of malignant
      hyperthermia, since rhabdomyolysis may occur as a late post-anaesthetic
      complication. Even in oligo-symptomatic and protracted cases of malignant
      hyperthermia, the case history, electromyogram, exclusion of other possible
      causes of rhabdomyolysis and, if possible, muscle biopsy contribute to the
      confirmation of the diagnosis. If a muscle biopsy is not available then a
      platelet bioassay may substantiate the diagnosis.

PMID- 4060738
TI  - [Malignant kidney tumors in old age--postoperative complications and mortality].
AB  - Surgery was performed on 38 patients over 70 years of age with malignant renal
      tumours. The mortality rate (29%) and the incidence of postoperative
      complications (18%) were relatively high. Various means of preventing these
      complications, taking the factor of old age into particular consideration, are
      discussed in this paper.

PMID- 4060739
TI  - [Risk profile in peripheral arterial occlusive disease].
AB  - In numerous studies it has been established that risk profiles of coronary heart
      disease (CHD) and peripheral vascular disease (PVD) are different. There is no
      doubt about nicotine++ consumption as the most protective factory of PVD. In
      order of significance arterial hypertension, hyperlipoproteinemia, diabetes
      mellitus und reduced physical training are further risk factors. In contrast to
      CHD, the importance of LDL-cholesterin as arteriosclerotic factor is much lower
      in PVD while high level of triglyceride is an autonomous risk factor of PVD, as
      well as physical immobility. In the present review, the different penetrance of
      risk factors for individual vascular regions are described.

PMID- 4060740
TI  - [Anti-thixotropic therapy in arterial occlusive disorders: What is the
      effectiveness of "rheological procedures" in the presence of persisting
      obliterations?].
AB  - In the attempt to illustrate the pathogenetic (and thence the clinical)
      significance of the anomalous properties of the human blood, we have earlier
      proposed to use the term "thixotropy" for describing all those rheological
      anomalies of the blood, which are responsible for the reversible loss of blood
      fluidity at low rates of shear. "Thixotropy" is a tendency which is present even
      in normal human blood, but is much more pronounced in the blood of many vascular
      patients due to exaggerated red cell aggregation and due to red cell "rigidity".
      This tendency manifests itself when the flow forces are reduced by interfering
      with the fluidity of the blood. It has no effect on the viscous resistance of the
      rapidly flowing blood. Most of all, the effect of thixotropy of the blood depends
      on the haematocrit level, both in normal blood and in the blood of patients: when
      associated with anaemia, the thixotropic tendency is largely irrelevant, while it
      gains significance with each increase in the haematocrit level. Theoretically
      justified by the described premise, the rheological treatments can now be
      classified as "anti-thixotropic therapies". In the present review, the principle
      of therapeutic defibrinogenation and of plasmapheresis are discussed as
      consequences of the resulting desegregation, the principle of isovolemic
      haemodilution is interpreted as the most effect antithixotropic procedure owing
      to its profound effect on haematocrit value and thence thixotropic potential.

PMID- 4060741
TI  - [Non-invasive nuclear medical evaluation of left ventricular function in patients
      with coronary heart disease. Comparative study with the floating catheter].
AB  - In this paper there has been analysed the diagnostic value of the parameters of
      the diastolic function (Peak Filling Rate, PFR and Time to Peak Filling Rate,
      TPFR) which are not to be covered by invasive methods. To this examination we
      applied a recently discovered nuclear medical method: we used the Nuclear
      Stethoscope and with it were able to investigate not only the systolic function
      (Ejection Fraction) but also the diastolic function (PFR, TPFR). In addition to
      this we undertook a floating catheter during exercise for the critical
      examination of the left ventricle. The examined patients consisted of 28
      patients, suffering from Coronary Heart Disease, the majority of them after
      myocardial infarction. In patients suffering from CHD there may be found
      relations between the nuclear medical parameters of the diastolic function and
      the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure as far as in all patients who showed a
      functional disturbance with the aids of invasive methods this could also be
      proved non-invasively.

PMID- 4060742
TI  - [Open study on the effect and side effects of indoramin, used at the 2d and 3d
      therapeutic step in essential hypertension].
AB  - An open study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy and adverse effects of
      indoramin in 33 patients with essential hypertension whose blood pressure was
      uncontrolled (diastolic blood pressure 96 to 115 mm Hg) despite previous
      treatment with one or two antihypertensive drugs. Indoramin was added to the
      existing antihypertensive therapy and the dose titrated to a maximum of 150
      mg/day or until blood pressure control was achieved (diastolic blood pressure
      less than 90 mm Hg or a reduction in diastolic blood pressure of 15 mm Hg).
      Patients were then followed up for a further 4 weeks. Indoramin significantly
      reduced mean standing systolic and diastolic blood pressure from 167/113 +/-
      19.8/7.2 (SD) mm Hg to 150.3/101.1 +/- 23.4/8.9 (SD) mm Hg after 10 weeks and
      mean supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure from 169.8/110.8 +/- 16.4/5.6
      (SD) mm Hg to 154.2/102.1 +/- 23.8/12 (SD) mm Hg after 10 weeks. Blood pressure
      was controlled in 21 of the 33 patients (63.6%) studied. Indoramin caused a small
      but significant fall in pulse rate of 3.9 beats per minute, in the supine
      position, after 4 weeks therapy. 10 patients experienced adverse effects, the
      most common being dizziness and headache (3 patients each), and
      lightheadedness/fainting on standing (2 patients). No patient experienced
      sedation. Only 1 patient was withdrawn from the trial because of adverse effects
      (fainting on standing). Biochemical and haematological investigations carried out
      pretreatment and during treatment showed no abnormalities related to indoramin
      treatment.

PMID- 4060743
TI  - [The lower esophageal sphincter after sclerosing of varices].
AB  - Fiberendoscopic paravasal sclerotherapy of esophageal varices with Polidocanol at
      concentration of 1%, is a palliative therapy of a serious sickness. Due to the
      location of esophageal varices, paravasal sclerotherapy with all its alteration
      of the esophageal wall takes place in the lower third with its lower sphincter.
      Twenty middle-aged patients, both sex, with esophageal varices (stadium II-IV due
      to Paquet) underwent clinical, endoscopic and esophagomanometric control after
      completion of sclerotherapy. By reaching the therapeutic goal--the subepithelial
      layers--no pathologic change of the motility of the esophagus has been seen.

PMID- 4060744
TI  - The role of radiotherapy following total mastectomy for patients with early
      breast cancer.

PMID- 4060746
TI  - Lumpectomy and axillary dissection for breast cancer: surgical, pathological, and
      radiation considerations.

PMID- 4060745
TI  - Mastectomy versus radiotherapy as treatment for stage I-II breast cancer: a
      prospective randomized trial at the National Cancer Institute.

PMID- 4060747
TI  - Anti-estrogen treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer patients with high risk
      of recurrence: 72 months of life-table analysis and steroid hormone receptor
      status.

PMID- 4060748
TI  - Synchronous multiple early gastric carcinoma: a study of 178 cases.

PMID- 4060749
TI  - Seat belt-induced trauma to the small bowel.

PMID- 4060750
TI  - Two techniques of measurement of the delayed hypersensitivity skin test response
      for the assessment of bacterial host resistance.

PMID- 4060751
TI  - Median sternotomy in reoperations for primary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 4060752
TI  - Bone scan changes in a marathon runner; case report.

PMID- 4060753
TI  - Acute dissecting aneurysm of the ascending thoracic aorta causing obstruction and
      embolism of right pulmonary artery. Computerized tomography (CT), angiography,
      and clinical diagnoses.

PMID- 4060754
TI  - Visceral larva migrans. A case from the La Crosse area.

PMID- 4060755
TI  - Anorectal giant condyloma acuminatum.

PMID- 4060756
TI  - [Mushroom poisoning].

PMID- 4060757
TI  - [Tetanus in an unvaccinated patient following a severe calf wound--case report].

PMID- 4060758
TI  - [Use of contact lenses for therapeutic purposes].

PMID- 4060759
TI  - [Tuberculosis as unexpected autopsy diagnosis].

PMID- 4060760
TI  - [Serotonin (in thrombocytes) in pediatric neuropsychiatric disorders].

PMID- 4060761
TI  - [The symptom of vertigo and its objective evaluation as nystagmus in general
      practice].

PMID- 4060762
TI  - [Rectum cytology in allergic rhinitis caused by pollen allergy].

PMID- 4060763
TI  - [Incomplete follow-up study and life table methods].

PMID- 4060764
TI  - [Can medical responsibility be measured?].

PMID- 4060765
TI  - [Diagnosis of hormonal forms of hypertension].

PMID- 4060766
TI  - [Modification of increased blood pressure values in childhood].

PMID- 4060767
TI  - [Preoperative drug therapy of patients with essential arterial hypertension].

PMID- 4060768
TI  - [Ophthalmoscopy in the evaluation of arterial hypertension].

PMID- 4060769
TI  - [Pregnancy and hypertension].

PMID- 4060770
TI  - [Hypertension in the elderly--diagnostic and therapeutic problems].

PMID- 4060771
TI  - [Evaluation in arterial hypertension].

PMID- 4060772
TI  - [Follow-up studies and special cardiologic diagnosis in patients with suspected
      heart sarcoidosis].
AB  - During a retrospective analysis of 1236 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis who
      showed electrocardiographic disturbances or cardiomegaly the existence of a
      possible heart sarcoidosis was suspected. It was tried to confirm this suspected
      diagnosis in subsequent examinations of these patients by support of modern non
      invasive and invasive cardiological methods. Thereby the differential diagnosis
      to the coronary heart disease is especially difficult in elderly. This problem
      represents a permanent diagnostic challenge because of the therapeutic chance in
      case of heart sarcoidosis.

PMID- 4060773
TI  - [Method for evaluating sputum viscosity].
AB  - Continuing a study on mucolytically and secretolytically effective drugs, a
      viscometrically energetic principle was designed for controlling both the virtual
      viscosity and the adhesion of sputum. The technique used is integral in
      character, an amount of 2 to 4 ml of inhomogeneous purulent and foam-free sputum
      being sufficient for the purpose. The data are shown in a curve the
      characteristic of which is a piecewise e-function giving separate descriptions of
      the virtual viscosity and the adhesive behaviour. The curves are used to record
      the progress of the therapy used. "Technique and device for measuring viscosity"
      was registered at the Amt fur Erfindungs- und Patentwesen der DDR HA Rechtsschutz
      in 1984 (WP G 01 N/251 817 5) the authors being Scheuler, Fischer and
      Felgenhauer. Details are given in.

PMID- 4060774
TI  - [Viscometric study of secretolytically and mucolytically active inhalants].
AB  - Hypercrinism, dyscrinism and mucostasis are the principal symptoms accompanying
      diseases of the respiratory system. Both the viscosity and the adhesion of the
      secretion are affected by secretolytics and mucolytics. Evidence on changes in
      the quality of the secretion was obtained following a nine-day inhalation therapy
      using mucosolvin, tacholiquin, bromhexin and physiological NaCl-solution, a new
      viscosimetric measuring device with non-Newton liquids being applied in the
      investigation. The device allows for a control of the secretolytic and mucolytic
      treatment used.

PMID- 4060775
TI  - [Report of the meeting of the Working Group on "Aerosols in Medicine" of the
      Society for Bronchopneumonology and Tuberculosis of East Germany. Bad Salzungen,
      7-8 May 1984. Abstracts].

PMID- 4060777
TI  - Influence of dietary casein and soy protein isolate on intestinal cholesterol and
      bile acid concentration.
AB  - This study reports quantitative and qualitative differences in intestinal bile
      acids and cholesterol in miniature pigs following dietary casein or soy protein
      isolate. The total amount of bile acids in the small intestine was significantly
      higher when soy protein isolate was fed in comparison to casein. The values were
      (mean +/- SEM) 4.51 +/- 0.39 mmol and 2.43 +/- 0.08 mmol, respectively, when the
      proteins were given as the sole component of the diet. When the proteins were
      given as part of a semi-purified diet, these values were 6.44 +/- 1.04 mmol and
      3.95 +/- 0.39 mmol, respectively. Hyocholic acid amounted to 39.6%,
      hyodeoxycholic acid to 31%, and chenodeoxycholic acid to 27.6% of total bile
      acids in the small intestine when casein was fed. The soy-fed animals tended to
      have more secondary bile acids. The total small bowel chymus content, on a wet
      weight basis, was 63% higher in the soy group. In all experimental conditions
      studied, there was a close correlation between small bowel chyme content and bile
      acid content. The distribution of bile acids in the small intestine showed that
      the soy fed animals tended to have more bile acids in the distal parts of the
      jejunum. The intestinal cholesterol contents were not significantly different
      between dietary groups.

PMID- 4060778
TI  - [Differential diagnostic validity of the 16-PF Questionnaire in the clinical
      psychotherapy field].

PMID- 4060776
TI  - [Effect of milk constituents on lipid metabolism].
AB  - The cholesterol lowering effect of various milk constituents was examined in six
      trials with growing pigs. Each trial is described. By means of main component
      analysis 44 factors were tested in order to see whether they influenced the lipid
      metabolism. We observed that there was no specific component in the milk which
      showed a cholesterol lowering effect. Milk and milk constituents change the
      nutrient composition of the food and can, e.g. by means of the changed amino acid
      pattern, indirectly lower the lipid content in the blood.

PMID- 4060779
TI  - [Consistent dichotomous reaction pattern of heart and respiratory rate in
      laboratory and field situations].

PMID- 4060780
TI  - [Evaluation of additive binocular color mixtures].

PMID- 4060781
TI  - [Temporal course of a so-called automatic visual attention process].

PMID- 4060782
TI  - [Mushroom poisoning].

PMID- 4060783
TI  - [Gas gangrene--a report from general practice].

PMID- 4060784
TI  - [Oxygen transport capacity of the blood as modified by ethanol and
      dichloromethane].

PMID- 4060785
TI  - [Analysis of azoxybenzene and its metabolites and the placental transfer of
      azoxybenzene].

PMID- 4060786
TI  - [Photolytic stability and residue behavior of fenazox on leaf surfaces].

PMID- 4060787
TI  - [Current views on the use of organophosphate insecticides for ectoparasitic
      control in lactating cattle].

PMID- 4060788
TI  - [Body temperature measurements in clothing-hygiene studies].

PMID- 4060789
TI  - [Standardization--a means for designing health facilities].

PMID- 4060790
TI  - [Work time analysis in the inpatient department of a neurologic clinic--a pilot
      study on the effectiveness of medical care].

PMID- 4060791
TI  - [Pre- and postoperative computer tomography diagnosis of aortic isthmus
      stenosis].
AB  - In individual cases the computed tomography renders possible the ascertainment of
      the coarctation of the aorta. Despite modified examination method (secondary
      section technique, continuous application of contrast medium) the reliability is
      insignificant. Therefore, the method cannot be recommended for the primary
      diagnostics of the coarctation of the aorta. The computed tomography is
      extraordinarily suited for the detection of aneurysms of anastomoses after
      operation of coarctations of the aorta. In 50 computed-tomographic examinations
      of 48 patients 11 times an aneurysm could be ascertained. This high proportion of
      late postoperative complications is above all to be traced back to the surgical
      suture material used in the sixties. There were only two falsely positive
      findings, in which cases also here relevant pathological changes were present.
      The computed tomography can more exactly than the aortography adopt a definite
      attitude to the question of the dissection of prostheses or to pseudoaneurysms.

PMID- 4060793
TI  - [Diagnosis of hemophilia and Willebrand-Jurgens syndrome. 2. Results of studies
      in hemophilia patients and hemophilia carriers].
AB  - By genealogic and laboratory-diagnostic investigations in the county of Magdeburg
      79 patients with haemophilia A and 23 patients with haemophilia B were
      established. Characteristic coagulation-analytic findings in patients without and
      with additional thrombocytic functional disturbances are shown. In female
      conductors of haemophilia A the reliability in the diagnostics could be increased
      with the help of the discriminance analysis by combination of the genealogic tree
      information with the coagulation-analytic findings.

PMID- 4060792
TI  - [Secondary findings in gastroscopy detected stomach ulcer].
AB  - In 478 patients with gastric ulcer 121 times (25.3%) secondary pathological
      findings were found in the oesophagus, in the stomach and the duodenum. Erosions,
      scars and polyps were most frequently to be seen. But concomitant pathological
      findings with high clinical importance, such as carcinoma of the stomach and the
      oesophagus as well as varicose veins of the oesophagus, could also be
      established. The demand is of importance to search intensively for further
      lesions also after diagnosis of the ulcer. From this resulted conclusions, such
      as operation in carcinoma, continuation of the diagnostics in varicose veins of
      the oesophagus or control in polyps.

PMID- 4060794
TI  - [Stress factors in myocardial infarct patients before the appearance of
      myocardial infarct].
AB  - Apart from somatic risk factors and the smoking of cigarettes more attention in
      the development of the myocardial infarction must be ascribed to the psychosocial
      and psychoemotional stress and its false processing. For the judgment of the
      stress in patients with myocardial infarction a questionnaire was constructed. It
      contains those questions the answer of which showed significant differences in
      comparison to the persons with healthy coronary vessels. The inquiries were
      answered by altogether 110 patients with myocardial infarction. In order to
      obtain references to definite characteristics concerning the structure of the
      personality of our patients with myocardial infarction, we used the INR
      questionnaire after Bottcher. In either sex moments of "self-stressing" dominate.
      Professional conflicts were mentioned more by men, familial problems more by
      women. Among others, definite characteristics concerning the structure of the
      personality (rigidity) of patients with myocardial infarction seem to be a reason
      for the deficient strain under stress or they increase the sensitiveness to
      stress. From the results of the examinations requirements to the psychic
      rehabilitation of patients with infarction are derived, which must be carried out
      parallel to the somatic rehabilitation.

PMID- 4060795
TI  - [Circadian behavior of hemostaseologic parameters in diabetic patients and
      metabolically healthy individuals].
AB  - In three groups of test persons [10 persons each with healthy metabolism under
      fasting (A) and intake of food (B); 10 insulin-dependent diabetics (C)] the
      determinations of the thromboplastin time, the partial thromboplastin time, the
      bleeding time, the spontaneous fibrinolytic activity, the number of thrombocytes
      and the aggregation of platelets were carried out on the day (A) and round the
      clock (B abd C), respectively. The values of the fasting persons with healthy
      metabolism distributed themselves on the day constantly in the area of width of
      errors. Under food intake persons with healthy metabolism showed circadian
      variations of the several tests. In diabetics the parameters of haemostasis
      revealed in the course of day a clear increase of the unstable behaviour compared
      with the control group B. There were no relations to the actual blood sugar
      value. In a tendency to more coagulation-active values in the late afternoon
      interindividually a general biorhythmical behaviour pattern could not be
      recognized. The proved increased circadian labilisation of the haemostasis
      potential in diabetics deserves more attention with regard to the connection
      between thrombophilia and atherogenesis.

PMID- 4060796
TI  - [Report of experiences with bronchoscopy in a general hospital].
AB  - It is reported on 50 bronchoscopies which were performed in a Berlin general
      hospital in a period of one year. The preliminary conditions are discussed. It is
      particularly dealt with 13 diagnosed tumours. According to the experiences
      hitherto made, in realisation of the prerequisites described the bronchoscopy can
      be used for the rapid establishment of the diagnosis also in general hospitals.
      Cooperative relations to adequate highly specialised institutions are necessary.

PMID- 4060797
TI  - [Early detection of alcoholic liver cell damage by the fructose stress test].
AB  - After regular intake lasting for years also a relatively slight quantity of
      alcohol may cause liver lesions, so that also for so-called social habitual
      drunkards an endangering can be taken into consideration. The fructose tolerance
      with the hyperlactaemia connected with this seems to be suitable for the early
      recognition of the liver cell lesions, since first intracellular metabolic
      disturbances can be proved.

PMID- 4060798
TI  - [Endoscopic injections for hemostasis in the gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 4060799
TI  - [Oral zinc in Wilson disease--an alternative to D-penicillamine].
AB  - Recently Brewer et al. reported the possibility of an oral zinc therapy in
      Wilson's Disease. We treated a 19 years old patient with decompensated liver
      cirrhosis due to Wilson's disease with zinc-sulphate. D-Penicillamine had to be
      withdrawn since proteinuria occurred under treatment. After the discontinuation
      of D-Penicillamine an increase of serum copper almost up to normal range was
      observed; concomitantly urinary copper elimination decreased. Under oral zinc
      sulphate therapy (145 mg/day) a drop of serum copper level was achieved and liver
      function improved: serum albumin, gamma globulins and prothrombin time reached
      normal values. The patient did not complain any side effects during oral zinc
      sulphate therapy. Oral zinc therapy in Wilson's Disease may be regarded as an
      alternative to D-Penicillamine treatment when this drug has to be discontinued
      because of side effects.

PMID- 4060800
TI  - [Endoscopic injections around gastrointestinal hemorrhages in the stomach and
      duodenum].
AB  - Besides the method of laser coagulation and electrocoagulation the endoscopic
      injection therapy of gastrointestinal bleeding in the stomach and in the duodenum
      seems to be a successful, inexpensive and simple method. In our hospital 62 pat.
      were treated by endoscopic injection therapy since 1978. A definitive hemostasis
      could be achieved in 83%, while the method did not succeed in 17% of patients.

PMID- 4060801
TI  - [Ischemic colitis in Reiter syndrome].
AB  - Involvement of visceral organs is a recognized condition of Reiter's Syndrome. To
      our knowledge, however, involvement of the colon, as it is seen in other
      rheumatoid-like processes mostly caused by vasculitis, has not been described
      before. We present the case of a patient with incomplete Reiter's Syndrome with
      arthritis, circinate balanitis and psoriasilike lesions of skin and nails who
      developed ischemic colitis. Angiographic features point to vasculitis as a
      potential cause, although this could not be proved. It is possible but, as we
      believe, unlikely that simultaneously administered steroid treatment may have
      contributed to the development of the lesions.

PMID- 4060802
TI  - Determination of HBV DNA in serum in a case of needlestick hepatitis.
AB  - HBV DNA in serum was determined by modified spot hybridization. A nurse of the
      dialysis staff was inoculated via needlestick with blood of a HBsAg-positive
      hemodialysis patient, who had 2000 pg HBV DNA per milliliter serum. After
      insufficient passive immunization the nurse developed transient anicteric
      hepatitis B. HBV DNA was positive in sera of the recipient before and at the
      beginning of the elevation of transaminases.

PMID- 4060803
TI  - [Plasma catecholamine levels in liver disease].
AB  - To evaluate the alterations of plasma catecholamines in chronic and acute liver
      diseases and their complications: hepatic encephalopathy (grade 1-4), ascites,
      deranged metabolism, and circulatory alterations, we measured the concentrations
      of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine in plasma in 49 patients with
      cirrhosis of the liver, in 2 patients with fulminant hepatitis B, in 2 patients
      with acute gestational fatty liver, and in 11 patients with fatty liver. We
      examined 21 healthy controls. The norepinephrine concentrations in patients with
      cirrhosis were raised and reached the highest values in hepatic coma grade 4. As
      well patients with fulminant hepatitis B had excessive high norepinephrine
      concentrations. The epinephrine concentrations were not significantly raised in
      patients with toxic cirrhosis and in patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis
      without encephalopathy. In hepatic coma grade 4 in patients with cirrhosis and
      fulminant hepatitis they reached again the highest values. Patients with acute
      gestational fatty liver had only slightly increased, and patients with fatty
      liver had normal catecholamine concentrations in plasma.

PMID- 4060804
TI  - [Endoscopic balloon dilatation in stenosis of the pancreatic duct orifice (case
      report)].
AB  - We report the history and endoscopic treatment of a 63 year old female patient
      with chronic pancreatitis and stenosis of the pancreatic duct. Several operations
      of the biliary system had been performed in this patient previously
      (cholecystectomy 1964, choledochoduodenostomy 1972, revision of the
      choledochoduodenostomy 1974). In 1976 a chronic pancreatitis and a prepapillary
      stenosis of the Ductus wirsungianus has been diagnosed by clinical and endoscopic
      radiological findings. In order to relief pain we performed endoscopic
      sphincterotomies of the pancreatic duct orifice in 1976, 1977 and 1979. Because
      of relapsing abdominal pain and worsening of the pancreatic duct stenosis we
      performed two endoscopic balloon dilations of the proximal pancreatic duct at 20
      months intervals. These lowered the pancreatoduodenal pressure difference from 40
      mm Hg to normal values (below 13 mm Hg) over more than 12 months. Until today
      only few--less than ten--endoscopic dilations of the pancreatic duct orifice have
      been reported. A final estimation of this procedure is premature. However our
      case should stimulate other groups to consider this new form of therapy in
      selected patients with chronic pancreatitis and marked stenosis of the pancreatic
      duct.

PMID- 4060805
TI  - [Morphologic and functional changes in the pancreas following acute necrotizing
      pancreatitis].
AB  - Acute necrotizing pancreatitis according to the presented results leads to
      definite endo- and/or exocrine functional loss in 57% of the patients (n = 21,
      pancreatic necrosis ascertained by laparotomy) evaluated by orale glucose
      tolerance test, secretin-ceruletide-test and fluorescein-dilaurate-test.
      Morphological alterations developed in 76% of patients, predominantly cicatricial
      ductal lesions shown by ERCP. The finding of a normal pancreatic function after
      extended necrosis in 43% of the patients can be explained by the enormous
      functional reserve of the pancreatic gland.

PMID- 4060806
TI  - [Functional loss following acute necrotizing pancreatitis?].

PMID- 4060807
TI  - [Early cancer of the esophagus].
AB  - The early esophageal carcinoma is rarely described as compared to the early
      carcinoma of the stomach; most esophageal carcinomas are diagnosed in advanced
      stages. We report about a 50 years old patient, who suffered from remittent
      gastrointestinal bleeding during anticoagulant therapy. Endoscopic examination
      revealed a small epithelial esophageal lesion (type I according to the
      classification of Monnier et al.) with positive cytology and histology of
      carcinoma. The pathologic study of the resected specimen showed early esophageal
      carcinoma. Additionally a review of the published cases is given and the findings
      are discussed in the light of etiological and epidemiological factors.

PMID- 4060808
TI  - Different actions of 2 antidiarrheal agents, lidamidine and loperamide, on
      motility of the isolated cat colon muscle.
AB  - Besides their action on intestinal absorption and secretion antidiarrheal agents
      may affect gastrointestinal motility. Little is known about motor actions in the
      large intestine. Therefore, the effects of loperamide and lidamidine on
      contractile and myoelectrical activity were studied in strips of the circular
      muscle of the cat colon in vitro. Both drugs caused a concentration dependent
      increase in spontaneous contractions, but the potency of loperamide was greater
      than that of lidamidine and the efficacy of lidamidine greater than that of
      loperamide. The corresponding EC50 were 2.9 X 10(-9) M and 1.4 X 10(-5) M,
      respectively, and the EC100 2.7 X 10(-7) M and 10(-4) M, respectively. In the
      myoelectrical tracings loperamide stimulated predominantly spike activity,
      lidamidine oscillatory potentials. The effect of loperamide was antagonized by
      naloxone, thus indicating an action on opiate receptors. The effect of lidamidine
      was not inhibited by a variety of drugs. Tetrodotoxin and alpha-adrenergic
      inhibitors even exaggerated the lidamidine effect, probably by a suppression of
      tonic nervous inhibition. The receptor for the lidamidine action has yet to be
      determined. In conclusion, the motor effects may play an important role in the
      antidiarrheal action of loperamide, but probably not in that of lidamidine, at
      least not within the range of clinically used doses.

PMID- 4060809
TI  - Cellular cytotoxicity against autologous hepatocytes in chronic hepatitis B--its
      relationship to the HBeAg/anti-HBe status.
AB  - Cellular cytotoxicity of peripheral blood lymphocytes against autologous
      hepatocytes was studied in 9 patients with HBeAg positive and 8 patients with
      anti-HBe positive chronic hepatitis B. In the HBeAg positive group a greatly
      increased cytotoxicity of 41 +/- 7% (mean +/- SEM) was found, in contrast the
      moderately increased cytotoxicity in anti-HBe positive cases of 15 +/- 5% was
      clearly different (p = 0.005). The different cytotoxicity values could not be
      explained on the basis of the histological classification, but seemed to
      correlate at least to some degree to the aminotransferase levels. The cytotoxic
      activity resided in both T cell and non-T cell enriched lymphocyte compartments.
      Our findings may provide an explanation for the poor prognosis of HBeAg positive
      patients with chronic hepatitis B in contrast to their anti-HBe positive
      counterparts.

PMID- 4060810
TI  - [Centrolobular liver cell necroses following occupational halothane contact.
      Association with antibodies to halothane altered liver cell components].
AB  - A report is given on a 24 year old nurse, who developed two episodes of fever,
      chills and malaise with high serum enzyme levels and histologic proof of
      extensive centrolobular hepatic necrosis in association with vocational halothane
      exposure in the operating theatre. A cause-effect relationship was suggested by
      the demonstration of antibodies against halothane-altered hepatocyte membrane
      components. Also, there was no indication of other known causes of a cytotoxic
      liver reaction. In certain predisposed individuals, halothane even in
      subanaesthetic concentrations is apparently able to induce liver cell damage.
      Only six further reports on such liver injuries in medical personnel could be
      found in the literature.

PMID- 4060811
TI  - [Severe liver damage as a drug-allergy reaction to cefoperazone].
AB  - A 20 year old man was treated with cefoperazone for 25 days because of a local
      infection after an open fracture complicated by pseudarthrosis. Severe liver
      damage was noted on 25th day of cefoperazone treatment. There was extreme
      elevation of transaminases and alkaline phosphatasis as well as jaundice and
      prolonged prothrombin time. Upper GI bleeding, fever and acute renal failure
      developed. All symptoms disappeared after cessation of cefoperazone. A causal
      relationship between the drug and liver damage seems likely because of a positive
      lymphocyte stimulation test, the time relation between cefoperazone therapy and
      change in liver function as well as the development of eosinophilia. Other causes
      of liver damage could be excluded. The pathogenesis of liver damage, upper GI
      bleeding and acute renal failure is discussed.

PMID- 4060812
TI  - [Morbid obesity: what is still justified in surgical therapy?].
AB  - The main surgical procedures in the treatment of obesity are described. Plastic
      surgery, e. g. apronectomy or breast reduction, may be discussed in patients
      after successful weight reduction, but not as a primary operative treatment of
      massive obesity. Different intestinal bypass procedures inducing malabsorption
      have been abandoned because of severe metabolic sequels. More physiologic
      conditions can be achieved with gastric partitioning creating a small upper
      gastric pouch in continuity with the remainder of the stomach. If strict rules of
      patient selection and operative technique are observed, satisfactory weight loss
      without significant late complications may be achieved.

PMID- 4060813
TI  - [German Association for the Study of the Liver. 1st meeting, 1-2 March 1985,
      Mainz. Abstracts].

PMID- 4060814
TI  - [Demographic and social characteristics of patients with Crohn disease in an
      urban area. A study with neighborhood hospital controls].
AB  - 120 patients with Crohn's disease were matched for age and sex with a control
      group out of the neighbourhood (NK) and a second control group out of the
      hospital (HK). In a personal interview the marital status, the educational
      attainment, the professional status and the status of invalidity were registered:
      Marital status, professional status and educational state were not different.
      Patients with Crohn's disease had higher qualification in medium school types
      (32,5% against 21,7% in NK and 23,3% in HK, p less than 0,05). Invalidity was
      significantly higher in Crohn's disease with 17,5% against, 3,3% in NK and 1,7%
      in KK (p less than 0,001).

PMID- 4060815
TI  - [Urologic complications in Crohn disease].
AB  - The main urological complications of Crohn's disease are: vesico-intestinal
      fistula, ureteral obstruction, formation of urinary calculi and amyloidosis of
      the kidney. In the course of their illness nearly 4 to 10 per cent of patients
      with Crohn's disease suffer from these complications. The frequency of vesico
      intestinal fistula is nearly 4 per cent; with great fluctuations, the frequency
      of ureteral obstruction is specified by 6 per cent. 10 per cent of all patients
      with Crohn's disease will suffer from secondary amyloidosis. In most cases the
      kidney is the organ of manifestation. In 5 per cent the formation of urinary
      calculi is complicating Crohn's disease. The specific complications are
      demonstrated in symptoms, diagnostic and therapy.

PMID- 4060816
TI  - [Urologic complications in 200 patients with Crohn disease].
AB  - The main urological complications of Crohn's disease are: vesico-intestinal
      fistula, ureteral obstruction, formation of urinary calculi and amyloidosis of
      the kidney. 200 patients suffering from Crohn's disease who had been treated in-
      or outpatient between 1973 and 1982 have been examined concerning urological
      complications. The frequency of complications was 14,5 per cent. Twenty patients
      developed fistulae, eleven had ureteral obstructions, two patients suffered from
      calculi and two from amyloidosis of the kidney. Due to this frequency a special
      urological diagnostic program is mandatory. A sonogram of the kidney and an i.v.
      urography should be made in case of pathological sonogram. This is as necessary
      as the control of kidney function and diagnosis of the urine. These specific
      urological complications are demonstrated in symptoms, diagnosis and therapy.

PMID- 4060817
TI  - [Duodenal stenosis in coincidence with annular pancreas and cancer of the
      papilla].
AB  - We report on a case of annular pancreas complicated by the development of a
      carcinoma of the papilla causing secondary chronic obstructive pancreatitis.
      Eventually, a high-grade stenosis of the duodenum developed, leading to symptoms
      of gastric outlet obstruction. The stenosis was proved by endoscopic and
      radiologic diagnosis, but the exact anatomical condition was only revealed by an
      operation. Efficient diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in annular pancreas
      with its potential complications are discussed in detail.

PMID- 4060818
TI  - [Severe malabsorption syndrome and exudative enteropathy in
      hypogammaglobulinemia: complete involution with intravenous immunoglobulin
      substitution].
AB  - A 35 year old woman with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia developed intestinal
      villous atrophy, a severe malabsorption syndrome, osteomalacia and protein-losing
      enteropathy. The syndrome did not respond to treatment with antibiotics,
      vitamins, or gluten free diet. Regular intravenous administration of a native
      immunoglobulin preparation induced continuous elevation of IgG serum levels above
      240 mg/dl. This led to rapid, complete and persistent normalisation of all
      clinical symptoms and pathologic findings. Additional therapy was not required.
      Side effects of the treatment that has now been maintained for 48 months were not
      observed.

PMID- 4060819
TI  - [Histologic and mucin histochemistry studies on the topic of so-called
      transitional mucosa in the vicinity of large intestine cancers].
AB  - Morphological analysis of the mucosal change of the large bowel called
      "transitional mucosa"; 38 resection specimens with colonic carcinoma and 14
      specimens with non malignant changes for control were studied. The "transitional
      mucosa" is described as the sum of histological, cytological and mucin
      histochemical findings forming a characteristic mucosal pattern in the vicinity
      of the carcinomatous lesion in all cases but in one. However, the expression of
      the single morphological finding is variable and all characteristics of the
      mucosal alteration were also found frequently in the control group without
      malignant tumours. Therefore the diagnostic value of the "transitional mucosa"
      for early recognition of large bowel carcinoma is negligible. The pathogenesis of
      this lesion remains unclear but is discussed as a reactive hyperplasia of the
      mucosal crypts caused by a change of the large bowel contents initiated probably
      by a long-standing motility disturbance.

PMID- 4060820
TI  - [Endoscopic fistulotomy in choledocholithiasis].
AB  - In 9 cases of choledocholithiasis and 2 cases of endoscopically determined
      stenosis of the papilla in which an EPT could not be successfully performed it
      was possible to carry out a prepapillary choledochoduodenal fistula by means of
      endoscopy. Subsequently the fistula was split in the cranial direction using a
      papillotome, i.e. a fistulotomy was performed. The choledochal concrements
      disappeared spontaneously and the patients recovered successfully. In 4 further
      cases with an occlusion icterus, but with narrow ductus choledochus the common
      bile duct could not be cannulated. The endoscopic fistulotomy is only indicated
      when the common bile duct is dilated and if prior to the procedure and after
      failure of ERCP the indication for a surgical intervention is established through
      sonography or even better through PTC.

PMID- 4060821
TI  - [40th annual meeting of the German Society for Digestive and Metabolic Diseases
      in conjunction with the 17th annual meeting of the German Society for
      Gastroenterologic Endoscopy. Freiburg, 19-21 September 1985. Abstracts].

PMID- 4060822
TI  - [Early neurological manifestations in syphilis].

PMID- 4060823
TI  - [Dermabrasion and its problems].
AB  - The technique and indication as well as resulting problems of dermabrasion are
      discussed in detail. Furthermore rare indications suited for dermabrasion are
      pointed out. It is demonstrated, that dermabrasion represents a universal
      surgical procedure in dermatology.

PMID- 4060824
TI  - [Removal of ornamental and dirt tattoos from the face].

PMID- 4060825
TI  - [Laboratory studies of long-term photochemotherapy of psoriasis vulgaris].
AB  - The study of 40 laboratory parameters from a total of 40,000 individual samples
      taken from patients who had been treated by means of systemic PUVA therapy for a
      period up to three years did not reveal any evidence for negative influences on
      selected peripheral blood enzymes, substrates, metabolites, proteins, lipid
      fractions, electrolytes, antistreptolysin titer, rheumatoid factors and
      coagulation values, or urinalysis values. The changes observed were either
      statistically insignificant, remained within normal ranges, or could not be
      classified. Under the conditions described, no evidence for chronic toxic organic
      manifestations could be found, even after several years of PUVA treatment.

PMID- 4060826
TI  - [Indole melanogens--useful tumor markers in malignant melanoma?].
AB  - The concentrations of indole melanogens have been measured in 24-hour urine
      samples of 44 patients suffering from malignant melanoma, clinical stages I to
      IV, and 23 healthy test persons (control group). With regard to the controls, the
      urinary concentration of indole melanogens amounted to 3.8 +/- 1.329
      micrograms/ml; the excretion was 5.41 +/- 1.941 mg daily. In patients with
      localized malignant melanoma, the concentration of indole melanogens did not
      differ from the control group. Highly significant levels, however, were measured
      in patients with generalized disease (7.76 micrograms/ml and 6.85 mg daily).
      Tyrosin orally given (7 g on the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th day of the collecting period)
      did not elevate the urinary excretion of indole melanogens in any of the test
      groups. These results indicate that the applied procedure does not present any
      fundamental advantage for clinical oncology.

PMID- 4060827
TI  - [Sotalol in supraventricular tachycardia. Electrophysiologic measurements in
      Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and AV node re-entry tachycardia].
AB  - The electrophysiologic effects of sotalol were studied in 11 patients with Wolff
      Parkinson-White syndrome and 9 patients with AV nodal reentrant tachycardia.
      Electrophysiologic studies were performed before and after intravenous infusion
      of 80 mg sotalol over a period of 5 minutes. Sotalol prolonged the effective
      refractory period of the right atrium and the right ventricle. Both AV node and
      accessory pathway conduction were depressed by sotalol in antegrade and
      retrograde directions. Induction of reentrant tachycardia was prevented in 6 of
      18 patients. The rate of reentrant tachycardia decreased from 182 +/- 29/min to
      153 +/- 14/min (p less than 0.01) and the ventricular rate during atrial
      fibrillation from 148 +/- 14/min to 112 +/- 12/min (p less than 0.05). Sotalol
      exhibited a depressant effect on all parts of the reentrant circuit: atrium,
      ventricle, AV node, and accessory pathway. Thus, sotalol is effective in the
      therapy of patients with recurrent supraventricular tachycardias.

PMID- 4060828
TI  - [Electrophysiologic effect of sotalol in supraventricular tachycardias].
AB  - The electrophysiological effects of sotalol, a beta-blocking drug with class III
      antiarrhythmic properties were assessed in 20 patients (mean age 33 +/- 14.3
      years) with supraventricular tachycardias. Sixteen patients had Wolff-Parkinson
      White syndrome (overt n = 9, concealed n = 7), three patients AV-nodal reentrant
      tachycardias and another patient atrial tachycardias. Sotalol was administered
      intravenously (n = 16) in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg over 15 min. The effects of 320 to
      480 mg/day oral sotalol were assessed in 7 patients. By intravenous and oral
      application of sotalol a significant increase in the AH interval, the refractory
      periods of the atrium and ventricle as well as a decrease of the antegrade and
      retrograde conduction capacity of the AV node or the accessory pathway were
      observed. The mean R-R interval during induced atrial fibrillation increased
      significantly in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome from 224 +/- 52 ms
      to 277 +/- 59 ms (p less than 0.05). In 10 patients, sotalol was administered
      during supraventricular reentrant tachycardia. The cycle length of
      supraventricular tachycardia increased from 276 +/- 90 ms to 358 +/- 25 ms (p
      less than 0.01). The tachycardia terminated in 7 patients: in 5 patients block
      was observed in the AV node, while in another 2 patients tachycardia terminated
      retrogradely. After intravenous application supraventricular arrhythmias were no
      longer inducible in 5 of 12 patients. In a further 4 patients only non-sustained
      supraventricular tachycardias (4-20 QRS complexes) were inducible. In 2 patients
      the supraventricular tachycardia terminated distal to the His bundle.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4060829
TI  - [Clinical value of 2-dimensional echocardiography for quantifying mitral stenosis
      -possibilities and limits of the method].
AB  - In 70 consecutive patients with the clinical diagnosis of mitral valve disease
      quantification of the mitral valve area was performed by 2-D echocardiography. In
      only 39 of these 70 patients (58%) could the mitral valve be satisfactorily
      positioned in the short-axis view for correct quantification of the valve area.
      In 31 patients a sufficient echo could not be assessed because of anatomical
      disorders, calcification of the valve or postoperative deformities of the valve
      apparatus after commissurotomy. In 30 of the 39 patients, in whom 2-D
      echocardiography allowed to determine the valve area, the results of the
      echocardiographic study corresponded with the valve area determined by
      angiography using the modified Gorlin formula. A sufficient correlation between
      both methods, however, was found only in patients with combined mitral valve
      disease (r = 0.81); no correlation could be found in the group of patients with
      pure mitral stenosis. From these results we conclude that in the individual
      patient 2-D echocardiography is not sufficient for exact quantification of mitral
      stenosis. Definite preoperative diagnosis necessitates additional investigations.

PMID- 4060830
TI  - [Atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation by DDD stimulation].
AB  - 136 patients were followed after implantation a DDD pacemaker (PM) for a total of
      1,919 patient-months (m = 14.1 months/patient). 22/136 patients had one or more
      episodes of atrial flutter or fibrillation (AF) postoperatively. In 121/136
      patients (group A) AF had not been documented before, in 4 it was unknown at the
      time of implantation, but was verified retrospectively (group B). 11 patients
      (group C) had a positive history of previous AF. Post implantation 7.4% in group
      A and 81.8% in group C developed AF. In patients with sick sinus syndrome (SSS)
      the incidence was 10/37 (27%), in those with AV block (AV) 6/77 (7.8%) and in
      cases with both SSS and AV 6/22 (27.3%). The first AF episode occurred during the
      implantation itself (n = 2) or during the hospital course in 9/22 patients (A:
      11%, B/C: 64% early attacks), and later on in 13 with a time delay of 1-24 months
      (m = 8.5, 8 patients) in group A and 2-15 months (m = 6.6, 4 patients) in groups
      B/C. 2 patients of group C had no AF episodes post implantation. In the
      individual patient the number of attacks ranged from 1 to 3 (10.4/100 patient
      months) in group A and from 1 to 6 (20.1/100 patient-months) in groups B/C.
      During AF 16/22 patients had a ventricular rate of 110-185, m = 132 bpm. In 6
      patients the tachycardia was mediated by the PM and in 10 by fast intrinsic AV
      conduction. 1 patient with SSS, 2 with SSS + AV (spontaneous ventricular rate
      less than 45 bpm) and 3 with AV needed ventricular backup-pacing during AF. In 7
      patients a total of 15 attacks of atrial flutter could be terminated by atrial
      overdrive pacing, in 5 of these episodes by temporary high rate A00 stimulation
      via the implanted pacemaker lead system. Otherwise AF was converted to sinus
      rhythm by antiarrhythmic drugs. After termination AF often recurred, but only 3
      patients developed chronic atrial fibrillation. In 2 patients a ventricular rate
      greater than 180 bpm during AF reverted the PM to asynchronous mode, a possible
      cause of ventricular fibrillation in one. No other complications due to the PM
      itself have been encountered. AF, therefore, common during DDD pacing, even in
      patients without any AF history before implant. Both the incidence and the
      recurrence of AF depend on the presence or absence of previous atrial
      arrhythmias.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4060831
TI  - [Physiologic effect of short AV intervals on LV filling time in VDD pacemakers-
      mitral valve closure in relation to atrial and ventricular contraction].
AB  - The effect of mitral valve closure on LV filling time and the onset of LV systole
      were assessed in 21 normals, 11 patients with left bundle branch block and in 19
      patients with VDD pacemakers, which were programmed for the AV intervals 50, 150
      and 250 ms, by means of echo-apexcardiography. Mitral valve closure was
      significantly delayed with increasing delay of intraventricular conduction: 52 +/
      11 ms in normals, 65 +/- 20 ms in LBBB patients and 127 +/- 14 ms in VDD
      patients. There was a similar distribution of the apexcardiographic upstroke and
      aortic valve opening in the 3 groups. With increasing AV intervals mitral valve
      closure was earlier: 127 +/- 14 ms at AV = 50 ms, 83 +/- 38 ms at AV = 150 ms and
      20 +/- 75 ms at AV = 250 ms whereas the onset of LV systole and mitral valve
      opening remained unaltered. Thus filling time expressed in percent of cycle
      length was reduced from 50 +/- 6% at AV = 50 ms to 45 +/- 9% and to 38 +/- 10% at
      AV = 250 ms (p less than 0.001). The late onset of LV systole in VDD pacemaker
      patients therefore reduces LV filling time unless this is compensated by
      programming a short AV interval in order to maintain the physiological interval
      between atrial and ventricular contraction.

PMID- 4060832
TI  - [Unusual rhythm disorders with a DDD pacemaker].
AB  - A tachycardia caused by an inadvertent change of the lead connections in a
      patient with a DDD pacemaker is reported. This was demonstrated by operating in
      different modes (i.e. AOO, VOO) by displaying the marker channel graphically and
      by X-ray examination revealing unchanged lead positions.

PMID- 4060833
TI  - [Brain abscess in a bidirectional atrial septal defect in adulthood].
AB  - An abscess of the brain is a serious complication in patients with congenital
      heart malformation. The great majority of cases are limited to cyanotic
      congenital heart disease and a peak in the age distribution can be seen in
      childhood. We report on a 40-year-old man with progressive right hemiparesis due
      to an abscess in the left basal ganglia. Clinical aspects and additional
      diagnostic assessment are described. By cardiologic examination including
      transoesophageal cross-sectional echocardiography a bidirectional sinus-venosus
      defect could be detected. This finding supported the diagnosis of a so-called
      'paradoxical' brain abscess.

PMID- 4060834
TI  - [Heart valve diseases. Abstracts of the 3d joint fall meeting of the German
      Society for Cardiovascular Research, The Swiss Society for Cardiology and the
      Austrian Cardiologic Society].

PMID- 4060835
TI  - Variations of plasma enzyme activities and inflammation markers in severe head
      injury: a multivariate approach for patient monitoring and outcome prediction.

PMID- 4060836
TI  - [Photometric method for the determination of glucosamine and galactosamine from
      glycoproteins in blood serum].

PMID- 4060838
TI  - A direct method of absolute neutrocyte count.

PMID- 4060837
TI  - [Methods of enzymatic lactate determination in blood without protein removal].

PMID- 4060839
TI  - Measles vaccination--is a new strategy needed in Third World countries?
AB  - Measles is a highly contagious virus disease normally contracted in childhood. In
      industrialized nations, where children come into contact with the virus at school
      age, the complications are in the range of 0.2-1/1000 measles cases. In contrast,
      in the Third World countries, half the children become infected during their
      first year with mortality rates reaching as high as 60%.

PMID- 4060840
TI  - Post-exposure rabies prophylaxis: establishing effectiveness of abbreviated
      treatments.
AB  - Several publications have reported recently the apparently successful use of
      human diploid cell rabies vaccine (HDCV) in volumes of less than the 6 X 1.0 cm3
      dosage schedule currently recommended by the World Health Organization for post
      exposure rabies prophylaxis. The newer proposed treatments are advocated to
      economize on an expensive product that may be available rarely in many Third
      World areas.

PMID- 4060842
TI  - Rabies immunosome (subunit vaccine) structure and immunogenicity. Pre- and post
      exposure protection studies.
AB  - Rabies immunosomes (glycoprotein anchored on pre-formed liposomes) have been
      prepared in order to study their structural, biological and immunological
      properties. The glycoprotein molecules appear to have the same orientation on the
      immunosome as on the viral particle: (1) electron microscopy analysis shows
      particles of 40 to 70 nm with spikes protruding outward, (2) one particular
      epitope shows the same accessibility to a neutralizing monoclonal antibody as on
      the viral particle. When injected into animals, rabies immunosomes are cleared
      from the organism by a process different from that for the liposomes used to
      anchor the glycoprotein: a higher rate of transition through the spleen is
      observed with immunosomes than with purified glycoprotein or liposomes.
      Immunosomes induce high levels of neutralizing antibodies and protect animals
      against challenge with virulent strains. This protective activity is not altered
      after several months of storage at 4 degrees C. Furthermore, rabies immunosomes
      were shown to be efficient in post-exposure treatment of laboratory animals that
      had been experimentally infected with a lethal dose of a rabies wild strain.

PMID- 4060841
TI  - Thermostability and efficacy in the field of a new, stabilized yellow fever virus
      vaccine.
AB  - Samples of the new, stabilized 17D virus vaccine from Pasteur Vaccins, France
      were stored for up to six months at +10 +/- 2 degrees C in the hospital of Bouar,
      Central African Republic. Each month during this study, the vaccine ampoules were
      put into an ice box without ice and taken into the field to be used as part of a
      vaccination programme. No significant loss of infectious virus titre was observed
      under these conditions. Efficacy of the vaccine was determined from percent
      seroconversions in vaccinated children. No loss of efficacy of the vaccine was
      observed after five months storage at +10 degrees C and five trips in the field,
      confirming the high heat stability of the new vaccine.

PMID- 4060843
TI  - Evaluation of chicken kidney and chicken embryo kidney cultures for the large
      scale growth of attenuated influenza virus master strain A/Ann/Arbor/6/60-ca.
AB  - Primary chicken kidney (CK) and chicken embryo kidney (CEK) cells were evaluated
      as possible substrates for growth of the cold-adapted attenuated influenza
      vaccine master strain A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (A/AA/6/60-ca). Yields of 10(6)-10(7)
      TCID50 per ml of culture fluid were obtained in either cell type. Yields from the
      human diploid strain MRC-5 were approximately 100-fold less. More reproducible
      cultures were obtained from CEK cells, using an overnight trypsinization step at
      4 degrees C, than from CK cells. Comparable yields per embryo were obtained from
      CEK cells grown in roller cultures to those grown on the surface of
      microcarriers. These yields were less than those obtained from the allantoic
      fluids of whole embryos. Frozen storage of CEK or CK cells, after primary
      trypsinization, dispersal from a cultured CK primary monolayer or culture on
      microcarriers, was unsuccessful. The cold-adapted phenotype of A/AA/6/60-ca was
      retained after growth in CEK cultures and no differences in immunogenicity were
      detectable in mice between CEK- and allantoic-grown virus. Allantoic-grown
      preparations of A/AA/6/60-ca contained a lower protein concentration per
      infectious unit than those grown in CEK.

PMID- 4060844
TI  - International Meeting of Influenza Virus Haemagglutinin. Proceedings. 7-9
      September 1984, Greenpia-Miki, Japan.

PMID- 4060845
TI  - Protein and nucleic acid analyses of influenza C viruses isolated from pigs and
      man.
AB  - The virus-coded proteins and the genomes of influenza C virus isolates obtained
      from Chinese pigs in 1981-1982 and of human influenza C virus strains isolated
      between 1947 and 1981 were compared. Using SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      and one-dimensional peptide mapping we found the virus-coded proteins of the pig
      influenza C viruses to be similar to those of human influenza C virus strains.
      The sizes of the genomes of human and pig influenza C viruses were
      indistinguishable. Genome analysis by oligonucleotide (ON) mapping revealed that
      the genomes of the pig influenza C viruses were very similar to but not identical
      with those of human influenza C virus strains. ON changes were found scattered
      over the whole genome. ON mapping of isolated segments of several influenza C
      virus strains suggested that two pig strains (C/P/B/10/81 and C/P/B/32/81) are
      related by a reassortment event which is likely to have occurred in nature. The
      rate of genome variation in influenza C viruses seemed to be similar to that seen
      in influenza B, and slower than that recorded for influenza A viruses.

PMID- 4060847
TI  - Interaction of influenza virus haemagglutinin with cell membranes.
AB  - Influenza virus causes susceptible cells to undergo haemagglutination, haemolysis
      and oxygen radical formation. Each activity is the result of an interaction
      between the haemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein and the cell plasma membrane, and
      appears to involve three discrete functions of the HA glycoprotein.

PMID- 4060846
TI  - Antigenic analysis of H2 influenza virus haemagglutinin with monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - Antigenic analysis of human and avian H2 influenza virus was carried out with
      monoclonal antibodies to the HA molecules of H2 influenza viruses isolated in the
      early stage of an H2 pandemic. The study revealed antigenic differences between
      inhibitor sensitive (Japan+/57, RI+57) and inhibitor resistant strains (Japan
      /57, Ri-/57). This indicates that the receptor-binding specificity of the
      haemagglutinin can markedly influence the antigenic analysis obtained with
      monoclonal antibodies in HI test. Minor antigenic differences
      (microheterogeneity) could be detected between different H2 influenza viruses
      isolated in 1957. Minor antigenic variation continued in the H2 viruses until
      1961, but significant antigenic drift occurred in 1962 so that viruses isolated
      after that date reacted with few monoclonal antibodies. Analysis of avian H2
      influenza viruses suggested antigenic differences between the different avian H2
      haemagglutinin, but no correlation between the year of isolation and the
      progressive antigenic drift similar to that seen in the human strains was found.

PMID- 4060848
TI  - Ganglioside GM1b as an influenza virus receptor.
AB  - Receptor activity toward influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) of a pair of
      gangliosides, GM1b (NeuAc alpha 2-3 Ga1 beta 1-3 GalNAc beta 1-4 Gal beta 1-4 GLc
      beta 1-1'-ceramide) and GM1a (Gal beta 1-3 GalNAc beta 1-4 (NeuAc alpha 2-3) Ga1
      beta 1-4 Glc beta 1-1'-ceramide) is described. Receptor activity was monitored by
      an assay system including incorporation of gangliosides into chicken
      asialoerythrocytes which had lost the biological response for the virus, and
      subsequent estimation of recovery of virus-mediated haemagglutination and
      haemolysis. GM1a and GM1b were incorporated in similar amounts into chicken
      asialoerythrocytes. It was found that GM1b-erythrocytes revealed distinct
      recovery of influenza virus A/Aichi-mediated agglutination at 4 degrees C and
      subsequent haemolysis at 37 degrees C at pH 5.3. However, restoration of
      biological responsiveness of the erythrocytes to the virus by incorporation of
      GM1a was very low under the same conditions. The above results indicate that the
      haemagglutinin of the influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) recognizes the saliosyl
      residue linked to nonreducing 'terminal' galactose rather than 'inner' galactose
      in the ganglio-tetraose core of gangliosides. GM1b could be one of the functional
      receptors to the influenza virus.

PMID- 4060849
TI  - Inhibition of transcriptase activity of influenza A virus in vitro by anti
      haemagglutinin antibodies.
AB  - An investigation was made of inhibition of transcriptase activity of influenza
      viruses in vitro by binding of antibody to the surface of the virion. Eight
      monoclonal antibodies which were directed against at least four non-overlapping
      antigenic regions of the haemagglutinin protein of A/Aichi/68 virus were tested
      for inhibitory effect. One of the antibodies directed against the B antigenic
      site, 22/1, inhibited transcriptase activity, while the other seven antibodies
      did not. Antibody from a hyperimmune rabbit serum to A/Udorn/72 (H3N2) virions
      inhibited the transcriptase activity of A/Udorn/72 and A/Aichi/68 (H3N2) viruses
      but not that of A/WSN/33 (H1N1). The antibody did not cause irreversible
      inactivation of the transcriptase since full activity was recovered by isolating
      ribonucleoprotein (RNP) cores from the inhibited virions using NP-40 treatment
      and subsequent centrifugation in a caesium sulphate density gradient. The
      antibody did not inhibit transcriptase activity of isolated RNP cores. The virion
      transcriptase activity was not inhibited by addition of the antiserum after the
      detergent treatment which is necessary for the activation of the transcriptase
      activity in vitro. These results suggest that the antibody blocks the activation
      process of the transcriptase by detergent treatment.

PMID- 4060850
TI  - Isolation and characterization of influenza C virus inhibitors in rat serum.
AB  - Two inhibitors against haemagglutination by influenza C virus were isolated from
      pooled sera of normal rats by sequential chromatography on Blue Sepharose CL 6B,
      Ultrogel AcA 2, and DEAE-cellulose. The two inhibitors were identified as alpha 1
      macroglobulin and murinoglobulin by comparison with the authentic samples. These
      inhibitors abolished the haemagglutination by influenza C virus strains but did
      not affect the haemagglutination by influenza A and B virus strains.
      Haemagglutination inhibition activity of both inhibitors was completely destroyed
      by incubation with neuraminidase from Arthrobacter ureafaciens. By contrast, no
      activity was lost after treatment with neuraminidase from Vibrio cholerae. These
      results suggest that the sialic acid residue(s) which is excised by the former
      neuraminidase but not by the latter is essential for the haemagglutination
      inhibition. The two inhibitors were inactivated by treating with sodium hydroxide
      and methylamine but not with sodium metaperiodate.

PMID- 4060851
TI  - Stability of infectious influenza A viruses at low pH and at elevated
      temperature.
AB  - After treatment of different strains of influenza A at low pH, the threshold pH,
      at which the infectivity was lost, depended on the haemagglutinin (HA) subtype of
      the virus strain. Strains with noncleaved HA were much more stable when compared
      to strains with cleaved HA. These observations might explain why duck influenza
      viruses spread well by lake water, while highly pathogenic strains with cleaved
      HA do not. There were also significant differences in heat stability of
      infectivity among influenza A strains, which do not correlate with differences in
      stability at low pH.

PMID- 4060852
TI  - Interference with a conformational change in the haemagglutinin molecule of
      influenza virus by antibodies as a possible neutralization mechanism.
AB  - A possible mechanism of neutralization of influenza virus by antibodies to the
      haemagglutinin molecule is proposed in addition to the generally accepted
      mechanism of blocking attachment to host cell receptors. This proposed mechanism
      involves interference with a low-pH-induced conformational change in the
      haemagglutinin molecule by bivalent binding of antibodies, which results in
      inhibition of the fusion step in the viral replication process.

PMID- 4060853
TI  - Mouse response to influenza immunosomes.
AB  - Immunosome preparations consisting of surface glycoproteins, extracted from five
      influenza virus strains and anchored onto performed liposomes, were tested in
      mice. Serum antibody responses were essentially similar to those elicited by
      whole virus vaccines and higher than responses induced by subunit preparations.
      Antibody titres were assessed by haemagglutination-inhibition technique. Survival
      of mice immunized with 6 micrograms haemagglutinin of attenuated, inactivated,
      subunit or immunosome A/Aichi/2/68 vaccines and later challenged with variants of
      the same subtype was also assessed. All vaccine preparations induced similar
      percentage survival when mice were challenged with variants prevalent from 1968
      to 1977. However, the attenuated vaccine induced a significant higher protection
      level against the 1979 variant.

PMID- 4060855
TI  - Forecasting the epidemic potential of influenza virus variants based on their
      molecular properties.
AB  - Sequence analysis of the influenza haemagglutinin, HA (H1 and H3) suggests that
      many antigenic variants that are identified but which do not become predominant
      differ from contemporary epidemic strains in one or two amino acids, in the
      region 188-193. This information may assist in the optimum selection of vaccine
      strains when multiple variants are co-circulating. Genome analysis of H1N1 virus,
      from 1977 to 1983 (but not of H3N2 virus thus far) has identified two instances
      when large changes in total genome sequence was associated with major epidemic
      activity. The early detection of such gross genetic changes may provide a further
      indicator that can be used to forecast the likelihood of more widespread activity
      than normal.

PMID- 4060854
TI  - Host antigens associated with haemagglutinin.
AB  - A delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) test has been used to detect the presence
      of host-specific antigen(s) is highly purified egg-grown influenza virus, virus
      components and isolated haemagglutinin. Cyclophosphamide-treated mice, primed
      with an extract from allantoic fluid, showed DTH reactions when challenged with
      preparations containing envelope lipid or polymer-type subunits, whereas lipid
      free derivatives such as internal virus protein complexes and monomer
      haemagglutinin preparations lacked the activity. This approach has been extended
      to demonstrate the presence of associated host antigens in SV40-vector expressed
      haemagglutinin produced in simian cells.

PMID- 4060856
TI  - Characteristics of a swine recombinant influenza virus isolated in 1980:
      recombination between swine and the earliest Hong Kong (H3N2) viruses.
AB  - A recombinant (H1N2, formerly Hsw1N2), A/swine/Ehime/1/80 was found to possess
      antigenic biological and genomic characteristics different from those of a
      previous A/swine/Kanagawa/2/78 (H1N2) strain. Five monoclonal antibodies to
      A/NJ/8/76 differentiated the haemagglutinin molecules of the former virus from
      the latter, showing that these viruses differed at two-antigenic determinants at
      least. Immuno-double diffusion tests with antisera to the isolated neuraminidase
      and neuraminidase-inhibition tests with monoclonal antibodies to different H2N2
      and H3N2 viruses revealed that A/swine/Ehime/1/80 strain contained a
      neuraminidase subunit very similar to that of late human Asian (H2N2) and the
      earliest Hong Kong (H3N2) viruses. RNA analysis by oligonucleotide mapping
      suggested that A/swine/Ehime/1/80 may be a recombinant between
      A/swine/Shizuoka/1/78-like and A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2)-like viruses. To determine
      further the gene constellation of this recombinant virus, DNA-RNA hybridizations
      were performed using DNA segments complementary for swine (H1N1) virus RNA and
      the entire RNA of three viruses. The molecular hybridization could define the
      genomic composition of the recombinant, indicating that only the neuraminidase
      gene of this virus is derived from the earliest Hong Kong (H3N2)-like virus and
      remaining seven genes are derived from swine (H1N1) virus.

PMID- 4060857
TI  - Policies and outcomes for control of influenza among the elderly in the USA.
AB  - For about 20 years official recommendations have been made to provide influenza
      vaccine to elderly persons in the USA because they are high risk of complications
      if infected during epidemics. Residents of homes for the aged (Nursing Homes) are
      of particular concern and we have studied this subgroup in greater detail than
      before. A prospectively organized surveillance programme of about 7000 residents
      of more than 65 homes in several states indicated that vaccination rates varied
      from about 9 to 98%, with the average about 60%. Biases in vaccinating residents
      according to age and medical condition were not detected. Vaccine use was
      greatest when the policy of the homes was to administer vaccine without
      requesting consent of relatives. In separate studies of influenza A(H3N2)
      outbreaks in homes for the elderly during 1982/83, influenza vaccine was found to
      reduce influenza-associated mortality by about 75% although febrile respiratory
      illness rates were reduced less than 50%. The frequency of outbreaks was lowest
      in homes having fewest residents, and highest vaccination rates. Professional
      Educational Programmes are no being developed to assist homes for the elderly to
      improve the organization of their influenza vaccination activities in an attempt
      to further reduce influenza mortality.

PMID- 4060859
TI  - Pursuing colorectal cancer questions in Virginia.

PMID- 4060858
TI  - Immunization against influenza by the ocular route.
AB  - The immunogenicity of influenza A strain A/Northern Territory/60/68 for CSL mice
      when delivered by the ocular, nasal and subcutaneous routes was determined
      according to the median protective dose, PD50, i.e. the dose of infectious virus
      required to induce inhibition of multiplication of a standard intranasal
      challenge dose of 10(4.5) median tissue-culture-infectious doses (TCID50) of
      homologous virus three weeks after vaccination (PD50). For mice inoculated by the
      ocular route, an immunizing dose of 10(2.89) TCID50 per animal was required. For
      anaesthetized mice vaccinated intranasally and unanaesthetized mice vaccinated
      subcutaneously these figures are less than 10(2.00) and greater than 10(6.00)
      TCID50 per animal, respectively. The lower immunogenicity of virus delivered by
      the ocular route compared with the intranasal route can be correlated with a
      lowered capacity of ocularly administered virus to replicate in the murine
      respiratory tract. The immunogenicity of A/Ann Arbor/6/60-ca administered in two
      identical doses, was also determined for (a) the intraocular route, (b) the
      intranasal route with anaesthetized animals and (c) the intranasal route with
      unanaesthetized animals, using the parental A/Ann Arbor/6/60 as the challenge
      virus. Two doses were required because ca viruses have been shown to be poor
      immunogens in the same animal model. The PD50 for the ocular route was 10(2.83)
      TCID50 per animal compared with 10(2.71) for the intranasal route using
      unanaesthetized animals and 10(1.36) for the intranasal route using anaesthetized
      animals. Administration of living attenuated vaccine viruses by the ocular route
      is thus an effective means of inducing immunity to influenza viruses in the
      respiratory tract of mice.

PMID- 4060860
TI  - Enlarging the pool of flexible sigmoidoscopists.

PMID- 4060861
TI  - [Stress in the mechanisms of development of secondary immunodeficiency states].

PMID- 4060862
TI  - [Effect of surgical stress on the status of cellular immunity].

PMID- 4060863
TI  - [Reaction of the immune system to stress factors in relation to lymphoendocrine
      function biorhythms].

PMID- 4060864
TI  - [Neuroimmune reactions during emotional stress in normal subjects].

PMID- 4060865
TI  - [Physiological mechanisms of the effect of stress on the immune system].

PMID- 4060866
TI  - [Cellular and humoral immunity in cosmonauts as affected by space flight
      factors].

PMID- 4060867
TI  - [Regulatory mediators of the bone marrow--myelopeptides].

PMID- 4060868
TI  - [Stress and allergy].

PMID- 4060869
TI  - [Fine structure of the P wave (based on the atrial complex of differentially
      amplified ECG)].

PMID- 4060870
TI  - [Condition and physiologic activity of the caudate nucleus in chronic diseases of
      the CNS].

PMID- 4060871
TI  - [Effect of cholinopotentiating and cholinoblocking substances on the stable
      pathologic state in experimental epileptogenesis and parkinsonism].

PMID- 4060872
TI  - [Experimental memory disorders and their pharmacologic correction].

PMID- 4060873
TI  - [Importance of superslow activity of brain structures to the stability of engrams
      and the effects of neurotropic substances].

PMID- 4060874
TI  - [Role of memory in the formation of a stable pathologic state of the brain.
      Possibilities of pharmacologic correction].

PMID- 4060875
TI  - [Changes in the temperature gradients of several subcortical structures of the
      rabbit brain as an index of changes in excitability during the formation of a
      memory traces].

PMID- 4060876
TI  - [Relation between the amino acid composition of brain structures and the
      retrieval of engrams in experimental neuroses].

PMID- 4060877
TI  - [Effect of hypoxia on retrieval of memory engrams and energy metabolism in brain
      structures].

PMID- 4060878
TI  - [Phenomenon of preference for alcohol and the development of alcohol dependence:
      participation of brain proteins].

PMID- 4060880
TI  - [Factors responsible for the development of the dystrophic process in parodontal
      tissues].

PMID- 4060879
TI  - [Lipid-bound serum sialic acids in the complex diagnosis of recurrences of cancer
      of the ovary].

PMID- 4060881
TI  - [Functional status of hemodynamic, humoral, rheologic and microcirculatory
      systems in the pathogenesis of the post-occlusion syndrome].

PMID- 4060882
TI  - [Correlation between features of the action of drugs in children with
      characteristics of the individual genotype].

PMID- 4060883
TI  - [Neurochemical mechanisms of memory in the pathogenesis of central movement
      disorders].

PMID- 4060884
TI  - The biology of negative strand viruses. Abstracts of papers presented at the 6th
      International Meeting on Negative Strand Viruses. Cambridge, 15-20 September
      1985.

PMID- 4060885
TI  - Complete sequence of the S RNA of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (WE strain)
      compared to that of Pichinde arenavirus.
AB  - Previous studies have reported that the 3' half of the small, S, RNA species of
      the WE strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus codes for the viral
      nucleoprotein in a subgenomic, viral-complementary, mRNA species (Romanowski, V.
      and Bishop, D.H.L. (1985) Virus Res. 2, 35-51). The complete sequence of the LCM
      WE S RNA has now been obtained, indicating that the 5' half of the RNA codes for
      the viral glycoprotein precursor in a viral-sense sequence that does not overlap
      the N gene. It is concluded that, like Pichinde virus (Auperin, D. et al. (1984)
      J. Virol. 52, 897-904), LCM has an ambisense S RNA coding strategy. The LCM-WE S
      RNA is 3375 nucleotides in length, has a size of 1.14 X 10(6) Da and base
      composition of 26.1% A, 23.2% C, 21.5% G, 29.2% U. The 3' and 5' end sequences of
      the S RNA are complementary for some 30 nucleotides, depending on the
      arrangement. The non-coding regions at the two ends are 77 (5') and 60 (3')
      nucleotides long. The glycoprotein precursor has a primary amino acid size of
      56293 Da and is rich in potential glycosylation sites as well as histidine and
      cysteine residues. It has both amino and carboxy proximal hydrophobic regions.
      The LCM-WE S RNA and predicted protein sequence data have been compared to those
      of Pichinde arena-virus. Extensive RNA and protein sequence homology exists for
      the two S RNA species, although the homology for the glycoprotein sequences of
      the two viruses (39%) is less than the 50% observed for the two viral
      nucleoproteins.

PMID- 4060886
TI  - Differential infection of receptor-modified host cells by receptor-specific
      influenza viruses.
AB  - Influenza viruses of contrasting receptor specificity have been examined for
      their ability to infect receptor-modified MDCK cells containing
      sialyloligosaccharide receptor determinants of defined sequence. Cells were
      treated with sialidase to remove sialic acid and render them resistant to
      infection and were then incubated with sialyltransferase and CMP-sialic acid to
      restore sialic acid in the SA alpha 2,6Gal or SA alpha 2,3Gal linkages. The
      viruses A/RI/5 + /57 and A/duck/Ukraine/1/63, previously shown to exhibit
      preferential binding of SA alpha 2,6Gal and SA alpha 2,3Gal linkages,
      respectively, were found to exhibit differential infection of the receptor
      modified cells in accord with their receptor specificity. Coinfection of SA alpha
      2,3Gal derivatized cells with a mixture of the two viruses resulted in selective
      propagation of the SA alpha 2,3Gal-specific A/duck/Ukraine/1/63 virus. The
      results demonstrate the potential for cell surface receptors to mediate selection
      of receptor-specific variants of influenza virus.

PMID- 4060887
TI  - Women, health and development. A report by the Director-General World Health
      Organization.

PMID- 4060888
TI  - Partial splenectomy in the treatment of thalassaemia major.
AB  - From 1981-1982 we performed partial splenectomy in 6 children with beta
      thalassaemia major as an alternative to splenectomy to reduce transfusion and to
      preserve some splenic immune function. In two of our young patients with
      transfusion requirements of 150 ml/kg/year, where more than 2/3 of the spleen was
      removed, the number of transfusions was significantly reduced with prolonged
      intervals, haemoglobin rose with a marked improvement in the general condition,
      nutrition and growth. There were no major post-operative complications. 2 years'
      follow-up revealed no infection without sepsis prophylaxis.

PMID- 4060889
TI  - [Anticonvulsive prophylaxis after juvenile craniocerebral injuries: a
      retrospective evaluation].
AB  - A check-up of 124 children with medium to severest contusio cerebri showed a
      posttraumatic late epilepsy rate of 8% at an average control period of 12 years.
      A third of all children received a long-term anticonvulsive prophylaxis of
      approximately 4 years, under which 13% showed a manifest late epilepsy, while the
      rate of the non-protected group was 6% (each 5 patients). Even with a full
      anticonvulsion therapy it was not possible to avoid further convulsion in any of
      the children. By these results and new publications, a posttraumatic
      anticonvulsive prophylaxis is questioned and it is recommended to start an
      anticonvulsion therapy only if late epilepsy has become definitely manifest.

PMID- 4060890
TI  - [Arthrography of the ankle joint in injuries of the fibular ligament system in
      children and adolescents].
AB  - Arthrography of the ankle is an optimal diagnostic tool in children and
      adolescents facilitating differential diagnosis between a simple ankle sprain and
      rupture of the fibular ligaments. It can moreover help to differentiate between
      rupture of a single and of two ligaments. 35 young patients with surgically
      confirmed ligamentous rupture were evaluated according to conventional
      radiographic criteria, and part of them by arthrography. The technique of the
      latter and the quite frequent normal variants in arthrograms of the ankle in
      childhood are described. The comparison of the pathologic anatomy disclosed by
      surgery and the arthrogram reveals a very good correlation. Its main value
      resides in giving fair information in clinically and radiographically
      controversial cases.

PMID- 4060891
TI  - Elastic stable intramedullary pinning of long bone shaft fractures in children.
AB  - Stable intramedullary pinning is an excellent method for treating shaft fractures
      in children when there is an indication for operative management. It is a new
      biomechanical concept which aims at developing the bridging external callus. This
      closed pinning uses flexible rods which are introduced into a metaphysial area.
      Technique, results and indications are described particularly in regard to shaft
      fractures of the femur and the forearm. This closed surgical procedure can always
      be performed; complication rates are slight (no sepsis, no delayed union). Early
      mobilisation is possible, and use of a cast is unnecessary.

PMID- 4060892
TI  - [The development of our therapeutic concept in the treatment of ulnar epicondyle
      fractures].
AB  - 50 patients with epicondylus ulnaris fractures are analysed. 4 types of fracture
      are recognised. The results of therapy are often described in literature much
      more optimistically than in reality. The first critical examination and the
      selection of therapy, mostly a surgical intervention, had a great influence on
      mobility of the elbow joint, on strength and subjective perception. The results
      could only be assessed after three years. Complications of concomitant injuries -
      nerve lesion and ligament/capsule structures - were discussed with regard to
      surgical approach.

PMID- 4060893
TI  - The use of plastic face mask and silicone gloves and boots as alternative to
      compression suits for treating hypertrophic scars.
AB  - Prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scars and contractures is usually
      obtained by the use of compression suits. The compression hood for the burned
      face is unaesthetical and often refused by the child. A better compression can be
      obtained by the use of a clear transparent plastic mask. It offers a better view
      and looks better, thus increasing the cooperation of the patient. Compression
      gloves and stockings are difficult to adapt to. It is easier to make mittens and
      boots out of silicone. These two techniques meet the criteria of efficiency:
      early application of compression, good tolerance, splint support, individually
      moulded splints for optimum pressure and cooperation.

PMID- 4060894
TI  - Testicular torsion in newborn.
AB  - Five cases of testicular torsion in newborn are presented. Four infants had an
      extravaginal and one an intravaginal torsion. All were operated on, three had an
      orchiectomy and two an orchiopexy. It is emphasized that surgery should be
      performed only under optimal conditions to arrive at the exact diagnosis and to
      reveal the type of torsion. In case of intravaginal torsion contralateral
      fixation should be done.

PMID- 4060895
TI  - [Development of immersion skin in fresh and salt water at different water
      temperatures].
AB  - The development of skin wrinkling was analysed using 48 hands from 24 adult
      corpses in systematic experiments involving submersion in fresh and salt water at
      varying water temperatures (10 degrees, 20 degrees, and 30 degrees C); the
      results were documented by photography. Skin wrinkling was observed after between
      15 min and 72 h of submersion. These are the essential results of the study: skin
      wrinkling is highly dependent on temperature and begins after only 15 min of
      submersion. The development of wrinkling in salt water, especially after long
      periods (greater than 24 h), is different from that in fresh water. Washerwomen's
      hands are classified into four categories that allow practical, usable
      conclusions to be drawn about the duration of submersion. Previous opinions
      concerning the development and timing of washer-women's hands were verified by
      means of test photographs shown to 16 domestic and foreign experts on legal
      medicine. It became obvious that expertise in this area varies considerably.
      Concerning the forensic approach, these surveys again show that, even when many
      influencing factors are known (water temperature, osmolarity, etc.) and
      comprehensive documentation has been made, the length of submersion can only be
      very roughly assessed from macroscopical aspects.

PMID- 4060896
TI  - [Historical aspects of the determination of the time of death].
AB  - The origins of the determination of the time of death are presented with special
      reference to the signs of death, rigor mortis and body cooling, as well as to the
      supravital electrical response of skeletal muscle. The systematic method for
      future research resulting from these old experiments is presented, with the aim
      of making a more precise estimation of the time of death by standardization of
      the influencing factors.

PMID- 4060897
TI  - [Cyanide poisoning: forensic toxicology observations in the study of 54 cases of
      fatal poisoning].
AB  - The present study describes various observations made during the examination of
      54 cases of lethal cyanide intoxication at the Institute of Forensic Medicine of
      the University of Zurich during a period of more than 40 years. Data pertain to
      the scene of death, the medicolegal inspection, the autopsy, the histological
      examinations, the chemical analyses, the various types of poisoning observed and
      the diagnostic criteria used. The intoxicated victims were mostly adults who had
      professional access to various cyanogenic compounds and had ingested them with
      the intention of committing suicide. Cases of accidental and criminal poisoning
      were rare. In spite of this fact, and although its frequency has not increased in
      the last few decades, cyanide poisoning has maintained undiminished importance.

PMID- 4060898
TI  - [Technics for postmortem removal of inner ear fluid].
AB  - Two methods for sampling inner ear fluid (a mixture of endolymph and perilymph)
      from corpses are described and compared. Using the classical method, a part of
      the petrous bone is chiselled out and, subsequently, a needle, attached to a 1-ml
      syringe, is inserted through the oval foramen into the region of the utriculus.
      The inner ear fluid can then be removed. When the method proposed by Trela (1975)
      is applied, thin layers of the petrous crest are chiselled out until the common
      crus of the superior and posterior semi-circular becomes apparent. With a needle,
      attached to a 1-ml-syringe, the inner ear fluid can then be collected. The
      experiments show Trela's method to be simpler than the classical method.
      Moreover, only small amounts of inner ear fluid can be obtained by the latter
      technique. Trela's method is recommended for further studies on this fluid, which
      may be of forensic interest.

PMID- 4060899
TI  - Suicidal fire deaths revisited.
AB  - A study of self-immolation or suicidal fire deaths was performed on the case
      files of the Office of the Medical Examiner of Metropolitan Dade County in Miami,
      Florida, during the 8-year period from 1977 to 1984. A total of 24 cases,
      representing 0.96% of the suicides that occurred during this period, were
      collected and analyzed as to age, race, sex cause of death of the victim along
      with the blood alcohol content at autopsy, drugs detected at autopsy, and the
      terminal carboxyhemoglobin. Additionally, the scene circumstances, geographic
      location of the terminal incident, the reason for the suicide, whether or not
      there was a past suicide attempt, a past psychiatric history, how the fire was
      started, presence or absence of an outside example, time of occurrence, presence
      of hospitalization, and presence of a suicide note were also noted. Most of the
      victims were white women of over 50 years of age who died of thermal injuries.
      Half of the time the blood alcohol content was negative at autopsy, 1/3 of the
      time the drug screen was negative, and 1/3 of the time a small amount of
      carboxyhemoglobin was noted. Most fires originated at home, although motor
      vehicles were also common. Reasons for the suicide were varied. Of the cases 1/3
      had a precious suicide attempt and approximately 1/2 of the cases had a
      psychiatric history. Commonly, the fire is started by pouring a flammable liquid
      on one-self as isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol or gasoline and igniting it. No
      outside media examples were noted. These events occurred more frequently in the
      afternoon or evening.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4060900
TI  - Homicide by fire.
AB  - A study of homicide perpetrated by fire was performed on the case files of the
      Office of the Medical Examiner of Metropolitan Dade County in Miami, Florida,
      during the years from 1977 until 1984. A total of 26 cases were collected and
      analyzed as to age, race, sex, and the cause of death of the victim along with
      the blood alcohol content, the drugs detected at autopsy, and the blood
      carboxyhemoglobin level. Additionally noted were the geographic location of the
      terminal incident, the scene circumstances, how the fire started, who started the
      fire, and the reason for the fire. The most common victim was a 31-50-year-old
      white man who died from smoke inhalation while sober. Commonly, drugs detected
      were negative, and the carboxyhemoglobin levels were elevated. The fire occurred
      at "home" while the victim was sleeping. Usually, a flammable liquid was poured
      and ignited by a drifter who was a brief acquaintance and earlier involved in an
      argument with the victim.

PMID- 4060901
TI  - [A new method for the determination of carboxyhemoglobin in fluid and dried blood
      using Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry].
AB  - A new technique is presented for the fast quantitative determination of carboxy
      hemoglobin (CoHb) in liquid blood with the aid of Fourier transformation infrared
      spectrometry. The bands at v = 1953 and 1969 (cm-1), which are characteristic for
      the CoHb complex, were measured without the blood being prepared. In liquid
      samples the band at 1953 cm-1 is prominent; in dry samples, however, it appears.
      In moist samples both bands--each to be coordinated with a different CoHb
      conformer--are observed at about the same intensity. Even with dried blood spots
      of less than 0.1 mg, quantitative determination of CoHb at v = 1969 (cm-1) is
      possible. Systematic investigations of the thermic stability of the CoHb complex
      were performed. The typical interference phenomena associated with UV
      spectrometry were not observed when the above-described method was employed nor
      are they to be expected. Even under extreme measuring conditions, as for example
      when measuring transmission through lab-coat material, different CoHb contents
      could be determined in traces of dried blood.

PMID- 4060902
TI  - [Experimental gonarthrosis in rats and its therapy with glycosaminoglycan
      polysulfate (GAGPS)].
AB  - In good correlation to earlier results in hens we found that after intraarticular
      injections of iodo-acetate into the knee joint of rats, degenerative alterations
      of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone tissue develop within 2-4 months.
      The radiological, histological and macroscopical appearance of these degenerative
      processes in rats is quite similar to those in human osteoarthrosis (OA). Drug
      treatment of these rats with twice weekly subcutaneous doses of 1.0 mg, 2.0 mg or
      5.0 mg glycosaminoglycan polysulphate = GAGPS (Arteparon) per kg body weight
      caused a pronounced and in many cases highly significant reduction of the
      intensity of experimental osteoarthrosis within the first 9 weeks. Due to the
      very severe acceleration of OA (induced by the high dose of 1.0 mg iodo-acetate)
      GAGPS could not influence the further progression of cartilage degeneration and
      destruction during the period of 12-15 weeks. The present results on rats confirm
      our preceding studies with biochemically induced OA in hens and demonstrate the
      identical reactions of both animal species to induction and therapy of
      degenerative joint disease.

PMID- 4060903
TI  - [Viscoelastic properties of normal human synovia and their relation to
      biomechanics].
AB  - The viscoelastic parameters of synovial fluid (SF) collected from donors with
      healthy joints were investigated in a shear rate range between D = 10(-3) to
      10(+3) s-1. The rheological parameters obtained from these SF yielded a common
      Master-curve, which can be accepted as characteristic for healthy human FS: it
      shows high zero shear viscosity (6-60 Pa X s) and pronounced shear thinning with
      increasing shear rates. The shear module G, calculated from the first normal
      stress difference, shows a constant range with values between 1 and 5 Pa. The
      largest average relaxation times are observed in the range of 2 to 5 s, and they
      decrease linearly with increasing shear rate to values of 0.01 to 0.05 s. The
      above viscoelastic properties appear to be necessary for the formation of a fluid
      film to guarantee optimal joint lubrication and to protect the cartilage from
      mechanical damage.

PMID- 4060904
TI  - [Assessment of the risk of occipitocervical dislocation in inflammatory rheumatic
      diseases].
AB  - In this mainly retrospective study we examined by means of tomographic and
      computer tomographic findings various manifestations and courses of cranio
      cervical subluxations in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases and the
      resulting neurological complications. Even in marked cranio-cervical subluxations
      neurological complications are rarely observed. More serious anterior atlanto
      axial subluxation represents the highest risk for spinal cord injury as a result
      of the mobility of the atlas. A subsequent vertical (upward) atlanto-axial
      subluxation occurring particularly in serious courses of illness reduces this
      risk since it is generally to be found together with a fixation of the atlas.
      This also applies to a possible pseudobasilar invagination. As a result of our
      studies we found ways of using CT to achieve further information. We could also
      derive guidelines for the indication of operative treatment. In view of the
      further development of surgical methods and variations in operative risk
      dependent on the preoperative situation, these recommendations can only be
      provisional.

PMID- 4060905
TI  - [Systemic manifestations in a case of Churg-Strauss vasculitis with a clinical
      picture of recurrent cerebral ischemia].
AB  - The case of a 67-year old male patient with allergic granulomatous angiitis
      (Churg-Strauss syndrome) is reported. In the case report the typical symptoms of
      Churg-Strauss syndrome, the therapeutic possibilities (immunosuppression,
      plasmapheresis) and the differential diagnosis are discussed.

PMID- 4060906
TI  - [Electromyography studies of gastrointestinal obstruction zones. An animal
      experiment study].
AB  - In experiments on animals the function of cardia, pylorus and ileocecal valve was
      characterized electromyographically. Under non-pathologic conditions a reflux in
      the cardia and ileocecal region cannot be expected; the pylorus permits a
      physiological reflux between duodenum and stomach. A connection to other reflux
      dependent pathological processes is discussed.

PMID- 4060907
TI  - [Inhibition of stimulated stomach secretion following extensive distal small
      intestine resection].

PMID- 4060908
TI  - [Multiple stomach carcinoids in pernicious anemia].

PMID- 4060909
TI  - [Heterotopic pancreas tissue in the gallbladder wall].

PMID- 4060910
TI  - [Deglutition disorder with bolus occlusion of the esophagus--a rare early
      postoperative complication following selective proximal vagotomy].

PMID- 4060911
TI  - [Drug costs in intensive therapy].

PMID- 4060912
TI  - [Prognostic significance of lymph node metastases in operable cervix cancer of
      categories T1 and T2].
AB  - In a retrospective long term study the tumorbiological importance of metastases
      in lymph-nodes of cervix cancer have been examined. The base of this presentation
      consists of a follow up study of 855 patients suffering from cervix cancer (stage
      I 557 pat., stage II 298 pat.) in relation to lymph-node-metastases. Metastases
      in 9,9% in stage I and in 18,4% in stage II could been proved histologically. The
      5-year-survival-rate decreased in stage Ib from 89 (T1 No Mo) to 59% (T1 Ni Mo)
      and in stage II respectively (T2a No Mo) from 73 to 27% (T2a Ni Mo) and from 89
      (T2b Ni Mo) to 52% (T2b Ni Mo). About 59% of relapses appeared in the treated
      region of the pelvis. In cases of adenomatous and dedifferentiated cancer 4% more
      regional metastases could be found than in squamous cell cancers. By means of
      post-operative irradiation (especially telecobalt-therapy) the relapse-free
      interval could be prolonged about one to two years. Recently tumourbiological
      knowledge is involved in the discussion. The appearance of lymph-node metastases
      represents the worst prognostic feature for the cure and the life of the patient
      suffering from cervical cancer.

PMID- 4060914
TI  - [Transudation and resorption--a physiologic process in the area of the vagina?].
AB  - We report about the histo-microscopical and electro-microscopical examinations to
      clearing up the transudation and reresorption. It was made the trial about to
      explain, because we found appointed substances in high concentration in the fluid
      of the vagina.

PMID- 4060913
TI  - [Pretherapeutic chemosensitivity testing of ovarian cancer and possibilities for
      its clinical use].
AB  - Authors report on their experiences concerning in vitro clonogenic assay
      performed according to Hamburger and Salmon on solid tumor tissue samples (13
      cases) and ascites cells (5 cases) obtained from 16 ovarian cancer patient. Out
      of the 13 solid tumors they got single cell suspension with sufficient number of
      cells in each case. Colony formation was observed in 10 out of 18 specimens. Dose
      response curves were determined after incubation of cells with different
      concentrations of the following drugs: cis-platin, adriamycin and melphalan.
      Patients were treated with the CAP combination chemotherapy. The correlation
      between clinical responses and in vitro sensitivity was evaluated
      retrospectively. The analysis of the in vitro-in vivo correlation showed that in
      case of in vitro resistance against two components of the CAP combination the
      tumor progressed during CAP treatment. In case of in vitro resistance against one
      component except cis-platin CAP therapy could cause even complete response. By in
      vitro cis-platin resistance the maximum response with CAP treatment was partial
      remission.

PMID- 4060915
TI  - [Modified technic of vaginography in the diagnosis of vaginal fistulas].
AB  - Vaginography is recommended to detect and determine the exact location of uretero
      vaginal fistulas and vaginal fistulas extending as far as into the upper
      intestine. Use of a modified Sengstaken probe for instillation of the contrast
      medium permits meaningful X-ray photographs to be obtained while ensuring
      definite sealing of the vagina to the outside.

PMID- 4060916
TI  - [Malignant Brenner tumor of the ovary].
AB  - The case of a metastasizing malignant Brenner tumor of the ovary in a 67-year-old
      patient is presented. Following a subtotal operation (hysterectomy with both
      adnexa and omentectomy), a complete remission of 7 month duration was obtained by
      means of a combined chemotherapy. By changing the therapy over to cisplatinum,
      one succeeded up to now in controlling the local recurrence, quickly developing
      after that. The therapeutic proceedings in cases of such rare tumors are
      discussed.

PMID- 4060917
TI  - [Massive corpus luteum hemorrhage in a dialysis patient].
AB  - A 17-year old patient who was continuously dialyzed due to Fanconi-anemia and
      bilateral renal insufficiency developed an acute and severe bleeding from a
      ruptured Graafian follicle (corpus luteum). The bleeding was life-threatening,
      most likely due to the continuous treatment with heparin necessary for
      hemodialysis procedure. Differential-diagnostic considerations and
      interdisciplinary therapeutic measurements are reported.

PMID- 4060918
TI  - A sensitive chromogenic Limulus amoebocyte lysate micro-assay for detection of
      endotoxin in human plasma and in water.
AB  - This chromogenic endotoxin assay involves a 45 min incubation of plasma extract
      or water with a mixture of Limulus amoebocyte lysate and the chromogenic
      substrate S-2423. Absorbance is measured in micro-titre plates. The assay allows
      the detection of 0.2 pg endotoxin per ml in water (0.002 Endotoxin Units/ml) and
      1 pg endotoxin per ml in plasma (0.012 Endotoxin Units/ml). The intra-assay
      coefficient of variation is less than 5%.

PMID- 4060919
TI  - Cellular and humoral immune responses in sheep experimentally injected with
      killed and live Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.
AB  - Both humoral and cellular immune responses have been found to be operative in
      sheep experimentally injected with killed and live Corynebacterium
      pseudotuberculosis. However, immunity to sonicated C. pseudotuberculosis cells
      was primarily of humoral nature though cellular response was also noted. In
      contrast, live C. pseudotuberculosis cells evoked primarily a cellular response
      and the encountered humoral response was of lesser intensity. Challenge
      experiment revealed that humoral response alone was insufficient to protect, and
      the use of live cells to induce cellular response enhanced the immune status of
      sheep. It was also observed that nonvaccinated sheep in a herd can acquire
      immunity from their vaccinated counterparts suggesting a certain importance of
      'herd immunity' in C. pseudotuberculosis vaccination.

PMID- 4060920
TI  - Species distribution of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from clinical
      sources.
AB  - The distribution of coagulase-negative staphylococcal species from clinical
      material was investigated in order to detect possible tropisms. 398 strains of
      staphylococci (336 coagulase-negative and 62 coagulase-positive strains) and 3
      micrococcus strains were isolated. Differentiation between the two genera was
      achieved by testing sensitivity to lysostaphin and anaerobic growth in
      thioglycolate. Four S. hominis strains reacted like micrococci in these tests.
      Staphylococci were classified according to the Kloos and Schleifer biotyping
      scheme in a modified way on microtitre plates. Additionally coagulation and
      reduction of methylene blue milk were determined and the test proved to be
      useful. Identified coagulase-negative species included S. epidermidis (205
      strains), S. hominis (64), S. haemolyticus (35), S. warneri (15), S. capitis (5),
      S. simulans (6), S. saprophyticus (5), and S. species (1). A high predominance of
      S. epidermidis was found among isolates from nasopharyngeal (91%) and
      tracheobronchial (80%) tracts and most other localizations. A different
      distribution of species was observed in urine and vaginal swabs where non-S.
      epidermidis species accounted for over 50% of identified strains. The majority of
      S. hominis and S. haemolyticus strains was isolated from these sources. S.
      simulans, like S. saprophyticus was found in urine specimens only and occurred
      predominantly in women of the sexually active age.

PMID- 4060921
TI  - Chemically defined media for auxotyping of Campylobacter jejuni.
AB  - A set of chemically defined media has been developed for the cultivation of
      Campylobacter jejuni strains of human origin. A minimal medium, a complete medium
      and 5 different nutrient-deficient media (NDM1-NDM5) are described. Some of the
      strains investigated required L-methionine(lacking in NDM1), L-cystine and L
      cysteine (NDM2), K2HPO4 (NDM 3), KH2PO4 (NDM4) and NAD, thiamine and calcium
      pantothenate (NDM5). 57.7% of the strains investigated required L-methionine. The
      strains grew at pH 6.6-7.7. The media described are not suitable for C.
      intestinalis.

PMID- 4060922
TI  - Evaluation of a rapid, reliable, and inexpensive screening test for the
      serological diagnosis of human brucellosis.
AB  - In many laboratories the serological diagnosis of brucellosis is based on a tube
      agglutination test requiring incubation for two days and therefore causing delay
      in reporting of results. A slide agglutination test using an acidified, rose
      Bengal colored antigen that can be read after only 4 min was evaluated for its
      usefulness as a screening test for the presence of agglutinins in human sera. In
      sera of patients with culturally proven brucellosis or serological evidence for
      active infection the sensitivity of the slide agglutination test was 100%. Of 97
      tube agglutination-negative sera none was positive in the slide test. From these
      results it was concluded that sera can be tested by the slide agglutination test
      which is quicker, easier to perform, and less expensive than the tube
      agglutination test. If positive, it is followed by a tube agglutination test
      which gives quantitative information and is necessary to follow the course of an
      infection.

PMID- 4060923
TI  - First strains of the genus Kluyvera in Czechoslovakia.
AB  - Fourteen of 21 strains isolated from stools, urine specimens and the hospital
      environment were identified as Kluyvera. All of these 14 strains corresponded
      with the literary description of the genus Kluyvera and were identical with two
      reference strains except that one of them failed to utilize sodium acetate within
      7 days. One strain (No. 23441) produced massive growth on Jordan's tartrate,
      which some Kluyvera do. Important in differentiating indole- and Simmons' citrate
      negative Kluyvera strains from Escherichia vulneris (two other of our 21 strains)
      is negative ornithin decarboxylase and negative Christensen citrate in the
      latter. Three strains were identified as Citrobacter, where especially indole
      positive and urease-negative strains may be reminiscent of Kluyvera. An aberrant
      strain, No. 25115, which alone failed to grow at 42 degrees C and by some
      characters differed from Kluyvera, E. vulneris and Enteric Group 10, was
      identified as E. coli.

PMID- 4060924
TI  - Isolation of spirochetes from the skin of patients with erythema chronicum
      migrans in Austria.
AB  - Spirochetal organisms were isolated from biopsies (skin punches) of the
      erythematous anular skin lesion of three patients with erythema chronicum
      migrans. The organisms were cultivated in modified Kelly's medium and - after an
      incubation period of 2 weeks - discovered by dark field microscopy (X 200).
      Compared with the Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi the organisms did not
      differ in shape, motility and reaction with polyclonal antiserum. Differences to
      B. burgdorferi were found in (i) very slow growth of the isolated organisms in
      modified Kelly's medium and in (ii) non reactivity with monoclonal antibodies
      against the outer membrane protein of B. burgdorferi. It is concluded that the
      Austrian isolates are closely related to but not identical with the Lyme disease
      agent.

PMID- 4060925
TI  - [Operative treatment of tumors of ventricles I-III following experiences 1953
      1983].
AB  - A report is given on the experience gained in 254 patients presenting processes
      of the ventricles I-III at the Leipzig Hospital within a period of thirty years.
      The rate of radical operations rose from 29% to 60%. At present, however,
      inoperability is restricted almost exclusively to general surgical aspects.
      Palliative operations are carried out in the form of the V-A shunts. Of decisive
      importance is the use of microtechniques in conjunction with an optimum
      anesthesia and intensive care. The accesses used are shown in pictures. Special
      surgical aspects are benignity of many intraventricular tumours, pronounced
      vascularisation, localisation below functionally important corticocerebral
      regions as well as exact considerations with respect to the planning of the
      operation pathway.

PMID- 4060926
TI  - [Pathomorphologic studies on the effect of degenerative changes in the area of
      the lateral cervical spine and the course of the vertebral artery].
AB  - The results of morphological studies of 25 human vertebral columns with respect
      to degenerative changes in the lateral region of the vertebrae C3 to C7 are
      submitted. Of particular interest was the influence of these changes on the
      course of the Arteria vertebralis.

PMID- 4060927
TI  - [Lactate concentration in the ventricular fluid and blood plasma following severe
      craniocerebral trauma].
AB  - Cerebral ischemia/hypoxia is of central importance in the sequence of
      pathogenetic processes after severe head injuries. Investigations in 72 patients
      showed that after severe head injury the changes of lactate concentration in
      blood plasma do not allow any statement with respect to cerebral
      ischaemia/hypoxia. However in ventricular liquor the amount and duration of
      increase in lactate concentration is significantly different in nonsurvivors in
      comparison to survivors. In lethal courses after 3rd day after head injury the
      increase of lactate concentration in ventricular liquor points to secondary
      cerebral ischemia/hypoxia.

PMID- 4060928
TI  - Intracerebral hematoma following superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery
      anastomosis. Case report.
AB  - This report describes the fatal course of intracerebral hematoma in early
      postoperative period after superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery
      anastomosis. Artificial arterial anastomosis introduces changes in the whole
      brain blood supply with the danger of developing of hypertonic hematoma in
      previously ischemic-affected brain tissue.

PMID- 4060929
TI  - [Differential diagnostic problems in the combination of infratentorial chronic
      epidural hematoma, empty sella syndrome and cerebrospinal rhinorrhea].
AB  - The chronic extradural haematoma rarely occurs after a head injury. This is
      particularly true, if we consider the localization in the posterior fossa.
      Posttraumatic rhinorrhea follows usually dural tearing after basal fractures of
      the skull, but in this case the cerebro-spinal fluid leakage was due to an empty
      sella. The case report shows how some diagnostical difficulties may occur in the
      daily neurotraumatological practice.

PMID- 4060930
TI  - [Complications following myelography with positive contrast media (Pantopaque,
      Amipaque). Pathomorphologic findings in 2 fatal cases].
AB  - It is reported on three patients which suffered from severe side effects after
      cervical myelography using Amipaque (cases 1 and 3) and Pantopaque (case 2). In 2
      cases death occurred after 13 days (case 2) respectively 17 days (case 3).
      Worsening of the clinical symptoms appeared in all cases within four days after
      myelography. In the first 2 cases inflammatory alterations prevailed whereas in
      the third case complications probably based on mechanical irritations of nerval
      and vascular structures. In the 2 lethal cases autopsy offered a prostatic cancer
      with vertebral and intraspinal metastases respectively syringobulbia and cervical
      syringomyelia beside an ependymoma of the cervical spinal cord as incurrable
      complaints. The various side effects and complications after myelography using
      positive contrast media as well as their causes are discussed.

PMID- 4060932
TI  - [Acute intracerebral contralateral massive hemorrhage following removal of a
      brain tumor].
AB  - This article is to draw the attention to a possible, though rare complication
      occurring after interventions to the brain, that is, a contralateral,
      intracerebral haemorrhage. The clinical and computer-tomographic supervision
      determines the subsequent therapy and also records the course.

PMID- 4060931
TI  - [Use of etomidate within the scope of neurosurgery].
AB  - The effect and the applications of Etomidate pro infusion (125 mg/ml) are
      discussed under special consideration of neurosurgical patients. Besides the
      application for anaesthesia, the administration of Etomidate pro infusion in the
      intensive-medical range for sedation, reduction of cerebral pressure and as an
      anticonvulsant is dealt with. The possibility of an adrenal insufficiency under
      the action of Etomidate pro infusion is discussed on the basis of the literature
      controversial to this subject.

PMID- 4060933
TI  - [A method for the noninvasive measurement and recording of intracranial pressure
      via the open fontanelle of infants].
AB  - Measurement and checking of the behaviour of the intracranial pressure (ICP) are
      of considerable clinical interest for the appraisal and treatment of primary or
      concomitant cerebral diseases. A non-invasive method of the measurement of the
      cerebral pressure is presented, which permits measurements and graphic recording
      according to the aplanation principle of the ICP via the open fontanelle. The
      pressure uptake of the instrument transformer is effected by a resistance strain
      gauge, measurement and recording by means of an equipment combination of VEB
      Messgeratewerk Zwonitz (GDR). Methodological and theoretical foundations are
      described and normal values of the fontanelle pressure of 80 newborns and babies
      are submitted.

PMID- 4060934
TI  - [Intracranial space-occupying processes--brain gliomas. 30 years of neurosurgery
      in Graz].
AB  - Patients who had been operated on gliomas of the brain at the University clinic
      of Neurosurgery in Graz between 1950-1980 were questioned about their
      postoperative working capacity. 921 gliomatous brain tumors (Zulch's
      classification) out of a total number of 2430 intracranial space-occupying
      lesions are discussed. 79,7% of these patients had undergone an operation in
      which the tumor had been totally or partially resected. The histology of the
      tumor was compared to the operating mortality, survival time and postoperative
      working capacity.

PMID- 4060935
TI  - [Neurology in processes of ventricles I-III].
AB  - Experience gained in a total of 254 patients who were treated in the last thirty
      years at the Leipzig hospital because of processes of the cerebral ventricles I
      III shows that neurological diagnostics has preserved its value as a screening
      method and a method during the period of treatment also in the era of computer
      tomography. The functional variety of the structures surrounding the ventricles
      characterises the syndromes showing differences according to the localisation and
      size of the tumours. A fact complicating the assessment is the masking caused by
      symptoms of the cerebral pressure, in the postoperative phase, the symptoms
      frequently become even clearer and in case of vegetative disorders may take
      dramatic forms.

PMID- 4060936
TI  - [Effect of autologous milk and blood serum on the phagocytic activity of
      neutrophilic granulocytes in the blood and milk of cows].

PMID- 4060937
TI  - [Experimental growth of Bertiella mucronata (Cestoda-Anoplocephalidae) in man or
      its intermediate host].

PMID- 4060938
TI  - Prevalence of mycoplasma and acholeplasma species in cattle exhibiting various
      clinical diseases and pathological lesions in Morocco.

PMID- 4060939
TI  - [2 types of generalization in the evolution of the visual brain].
AB  - It has been shown that mechanism of generalization with respect to the size
      (shift of differentiation of the size from objects of one form to other forms) is
      located in dogs within the suprasylvian convolution, in cats--within the median
      part of the lateral suprasylvian region. After removal of these parts of the
      brain, other visual functions including the invariant description of the image,
      remain unaffected. The latter is disturbed after extirpation of the field 21;
      however, the shift with respect to the size does not undergo any significant
      changes. Therefore, two types of visual generalization, i.e. phylogenetically
      less ancient generalization of the detected properties and evolutionary more
      ancient subject generalization (invariant image), are located in different parts
      of the visual brain.

PMID- 4060940
TI  - [Inhibitory processes in neuronal reactions of the auditory cortex in the cat
      undergoing dichotic stimulation].
AB  - In experiments on anaesthetized cats, studies have been made of intracellular and
      extracellular responses of single units in the auditory cortex during dichotic
      stimulation simulating sound source motion. Responses of some cortical units
      exhibit strong dependence on the signal parameters related to spatial and
      directional characteristics of simulated sound source motion. Profound inhibition
      was invariably revealed at the beginning of sonic stimulation as well as during
      certain moments of its movement. The role of inhibition in formation of cortical
      reactions to sound source motion is discussed.

PMID- 4060941
TI  - [Monaural phasic sensitivity of auditory system neurons in the cat].
AB  - During monaural stimulation, studies have been made of impulse reactions in
      neurons from the cochlear nucleus and inferior colluculus to changes in the phase
      value (psi) of one of the harmonics in two-tone signals. It was shown that about
      70% of the neurons from the cochleaur nucleus with a tonic discharge pattern may
      sharply change their activity (from maximum one up to a complete inhibition) due
      to changes in psi value. Unlike the cochlear nucleus units, neurons from the
      inferior colliculus change their tonic or burst-like activity rather seldomly and
      to a slight extent. At the same time, their phasic on- and especially off
      responses exhibit high sensitivity to changes in psi value.

PMID- 4060942
TI  - [Phenomenon of the accumulation of spectral information in vowel-like stimulus].
AB  - Studies have been made on the perception of vowel-like stimuli formed by
      interchange of impulses with various form of the spectrum following with a period
      of 14 ms. Application of similar stimuli in earlier investigations revealed a
      phenomenon of accumulation of spectral information during the interval within a
      stimulus and allowed to reject a hypothesis of averaging directly the auditory
      dynamic spectrum. In the first part of investigation, we checked and did not
      confirm a hypothesis of screening from the bulk of the accumulated data of those
      spectral configurations which are distinctly different from natural vowels. In
      the second part of investigation, new results were obtained which are predicted
      by the hypothesis of average meanings of vowel traits (calculated from impulse
      spectra) and which contradict the hypothesis of current phonemic discrimination
      with accumulation of the obtained values of similarity of the spectrum with
      phonemic standards.

PMID- 4060943
TI  - [Long-latency auditory evoked potentials in humans exposed to sonic image
      movement].
AB  - Slow cortical auditory potentials have been studied in man during dichotic click
      train stimulation perceived as a moving sonic image. Higher values of the
      amplitude of N1 and P2 components were observed as compared to the response to
      unmoving image. The amplitude of these components gradually increases with
      changes in the click frequency within a train (from 15 to 60 Hz), the lower
      border of this band approximately corresponding to the time interval which is
      necessary for formation of the sonic image.

PMID- 4060944
TI  - [Action of opioid peptides on nerve tissue growth and regeneration processes in
      the rat].
AB  - Using organotypic cultures of the sympathetic ganglia and spinal cord from rats,
      studies have been made of the effect of opioid peptides on the development of the
      nervous tissue. It was found that endogenous opioid peptides (leu- and met
      enkephalins, beta-endorphin) within the concentrations investigated (10(-9)-10(
      10) M), stimulate the growth of neurites, affect the rate of migration and
      proliferation of the glial and fibroblast-like cells. The effect was observed at
      the 2nd--5th days of cultivation, depending on the object investigated. Naloxone,
      a blockator of the opiate receptors, does not abolish the stimulating effect of
      the opioid peptides. Using clonal line of fibroblast-like cells L6, it was shown
      that leu-enkephalin decreases the sensitivity to contact inhibition of growth. On
      the basis of the data obtained, it is suggested that endogenous opioid peptides
      act as non-specific factors of growth regulation in the development and
      regeneration of the nervous tissue. Taking into account the role of endorphins in
      the activity of noci-antinociceptive system possible significance of these
      compounds in post-injury reparation is discussed.

PMID- 4060945
TI  - [Chemoreceptor function and metabolism of the carotid body in the rat].
AB  - Using fluorimetric and polarographic determination of cell respiration, metabolic
      reactions of the carotid body of rats to adequate stimulation have been revealed.
      Functional relationships of the dose--effect type, which were found for these
      reactions, may be approximated by equations which are similar to those describing
      the unconditioned reflexes from the carotid chemoreceptors. However, reactions of
      the metabolics systems of the carotid body account for the perception of not all
      chemical stimuli, but only of acids and some alkaloids. These data reveal the
      heteregeneity of the carotid chemosensory system not only in the amphibians
      (which was known earlier), but in mammals as well.

PMID- 4060946
TI  - [Sensory mapping of the rat cerebral cortex by thermographic methods].
AB  - Using thermovision and digital image processing, the dynamics of thermomap in the
      brain cortex has been studied on albino rats through the opened skull before and
      during sensory stimulation. Photic, sonic and somatosensory stimuli lead to the
      onset of local heating foci in the corresponding cortical zones, as well as to
      local multiple thermoresponses in other areas. Some quantitative parameters of
      these effects are given and their possible mechanisms are discussed.

PMID- 4060947
TI  - [In vivo experimental modelling of the infectious process caused by stable L
      forms of the causative agent of typhoid].
AB  - To simulate the infectious process and to study the persistence of L-forms,
      rabbits and guinea pigs were infected with S. typhi stable L-forms. The materials
      presented in this work indicate that both subconjunctival and intraperitoneal
      infection led to the development of the clinically indistinct, but
      morphologically pronounced pathological process with characteristic localization
      and typical changes in the gastrointestinal tract. The typical features of the
      process were the generalized immunomorphological reaction of the lymphoid
      apparatus with the appearance of light-colored reticulomacrophagal elements, the
      signs of the activation of humoral and cell-mediated immunity and the formation
      of small epitheloidocellular granulomas. The results of the investigation
      indicate that the stable cultures of S. typhi L-forms are highly pathogenic and
      capable of inducing the infectious process in experimental animals.

PMID- 4060948
TI  - [Rapid diagnosis of dysbacteriosis by detecting beta-aspartylglycine in the feces
      in an experiment].
AB  - In experiments on Fischer rats (F-344), both with common microflora and germ
      free, the influence of the systemic destination of different antibiotics
      (tetracycline + ampicillin, gentamicin + kefzol, gentamicin, fradizine) on the
      intestinal microflora, the content of beta-ospartylglycine in feces and the
      colonization resistance of the intestinal tract to Staphylococcus aureus B-243
      and Pseudomonas aeruginosa No. 93 has been studied. The early appearance of beta
      aspartyl-glycine in the supernatant of fecal samples has been shown to be the
      first sign of dysbacteriosis and to indicate the decrease of the colonization
      resistance of the intestine to opportunistic bacteria.

PMID- 4060949
TI  - [Nutrient medium for the isolation and cultivation of pneumococcus].
AB  - A culture medium for the isolation and cultivation of pneumococci, produced in a
      solid or liquid form and based on raw material unsuitable for use as foodstuff
      (human placenta), has been developed. The amino acid composition of the medium
      has been studied. The medium has been found to contain 19 amino acids, to be free
      from ballast serum proteins and blood, and to ensure the good growth of
      pneumococci isolated from pathological material, the formation of the normal
      capsule, as well as active biological properties. The medium has proved to create
      elective and selective conditions enhancing the effectiveness of investigations
      and simplifying the isolation of pneumococci in the microbiological examination
      of patients.

PMID- 4060950
TI  - [Dissolved oxygen content in microbiological nutrient media].
AB  - The modification of a highly sensitive method for the determination of the
      concentration of dissolved oxygen in liquid culture media and in water is
      described. This modification permits the easy conversion of the relative readings
      of electrode membrane transducers for measuring the partial pressure of oxygen
      into the readings characterizing the absolute concentration of oxygen in the
      medium (mg/cu. dm). The content of dissolved oxygen in microbiological media and
      in water depends on the amount of dissolved mineral salts, amino acids and
      peptides (the products in incomplete proteolysis), as well as on temperature. The
      maximum level of oxygen saturation in liquid culture media at 37 degrees C is
      different for various types of media and constitutes their peculiar
      characteristic, determined in the process of aeration under experimental
      conditions.

PMID- 4060951
TI  - [Properties of strains of the causative agent of plague resistant to the
      diagnostic phage L-413 "c"].
AB  - The data obtained in the comparative study of the lytic activity of two plague
      diagnostic phages, Pokrovskaya's phage and phage l-413 "c", with respect to 655
      Y. pestis strains are presented. The study revealed the advantage of
      Pokrovskaya's phage which lyzed all the strains under test over phage l-413 "c",
      found to be inactive with respect to 27 Y. pestis strains. The properties of the
      strains resistant to phage l-413 "c" were typical for the causative agent of
      plague in the corresponding natural foci.

PMID- 4060953
TI  - [Redistribution and activation of peritoneal macrophages with the peroral use of
      sodium nucleinate].
AB  - Three hours after the administration of sodium nucleinate the activation of
      glycolysis, the hexosomonophosphate shunt, the urea cycle (determined by the
      analysis of key enzymes), the expression of FC gamma-receptors and the decrease
      of oxidizing phosphorylation were noted in the peritoneal macrophages of mice. By
      36 hours the gradual decrease of these characteristics occurred. After three oral
      administrations of the preparation immature macrophages with lower metabolic
      activity and increased oxidizing phosphorylation appeared in the exudate, while
      resident and activated cells practically disappeared. The immaturity of the cells
      was confirmed by their incubation in vitro. The changes in the cells, revealed in
      this investigation, are supposed to occur due to the redistribution of activated
      and intact macrophage populations in situ.

PMID- 4060952
TI  - [Effect of experimental information and emotional stress on the primary immune
      response of different strains of mice].
AB  - Experimentally induced information and emotional stress in mice, resulting from
      the congestion of the animals, has been shown to cause the suppression of primary
      immune response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in males. The comparative
      analysis of the character of changes in immune response to SRBC in mice of
      various strains differing in the intensity of immune response to this antigen is
      presented. The analysis shows that only prolonged and strong emotional stress
      produces a considerable immunological defect in CBA mice with highly pronounced
      response to SRBC. In C57BL mice, normally showing weak response to SRBC,
      considerable immunodeficiency is observed in cases of both prolonged and
      comparatively short-term stress.

PMID- 4060954
TI  - [Immune response of noninbred mice to subvirion influenza vaccines with various
      antigen and sorbent loads].
AB  - The variants of splitted and subunit influenza monovaccines from virus strains
      A/Leningrad/385/80R (H3N2) and A/Kiev/59/79R (H1N1), adsorbed on aluminium
      hydroxide and having the varying content of hemogglutinin and the carrier, have
      been studied. The immune response of noninbred mice to a single and double
      injections of these vaccines have been evaluated, the concentrations of the
      antigen and the carrier inducing a high response in the animals, have been
      determined. Differences in the immunological potency of hemagglutinins H1 and H3
      have been noted.

PMID- 4060955
TI  - [Characteristics of monocyte functional activity in acute viral hepatitis].
AB  - The functional activity of monocytes in acute viral hepatitis has been studied.
      As revealed by the NBT test, circulating monocytes are damaged by viruses and/or
      virus-containing complexes. Proceeding from this fact, the percentage of
      monocytes containing virus inclusions should be considered as the percentage of
      monocytes damaged by the virus, and the coefficient of the inclusion of viral
      particles should be considered as the quantitative characteristic of the viral
      damage of monocytes. The decrease of the percentage of functionally active
      monocytes creates suitable conditions for the persistence of the virus in
      monocytes and for the disease to become chronic.

PMID- 4060956
TI  - [Results of a comparative study of intestinal microflora in viral hepatitis
      patients].
AB  - The data obtained in the bacteriological study of fecal microflora in 27 patients
      with hepatitis A and 44 patients with hepatitis B in the dynamics of the disease
      are presented. The study has established the presence of essential changes in the
      composition of intestinal bacterial flora in viral hepatitis patients, especially
      in cases of hepatitis B, due to the suppression of the growth of normal
      symbionts, mainly anaerobes, and to the multiplication of opportunistic ones.

PMID- 4060957
TI  - [Lymphocytes with antigen receptors in drug allergy].
AB  - The data on the possibility of using the rosette-formation tests for the
      diagnosis of drug allergy are presented. Tests based on changes in the levels of
      activated T- and B-lymphocytes after their incubation with allergenic drugs have
      proved to be low informative. The test found to be highly informative is the
      antigen-specific rosette-formation test based on the detection of lymphocytes,
      capable of binding allogeneic erythrocytes loaded with antibiotics causing
      allergy in patients, in the peripheral blood. This test may be of importance not
      only in diagnosis, but also for prognosis, as it permits the detection of
      sensitization to a drug before the clinical manifestations of allergy.

PMID- 4060958
TI  - [Detection of antibodies neutralizing the endotoxins of gram-negative bacteria
      using the liposomal potentiometric method].
AB  - For the first time the study of the indicator system consisting of sensitized
      liposomes with NaF incorporated as a marker and a fluorine-selective electrode
      has been made and, as a result, the possibility of the potentiometric
      determination of the immune lysis of liposomes in the presence of complement and
      specific antibodies has been demonstrated. The dissolution of the lipid
      components (Re-chemotype glycolipid and lipid A) in the bilayer matrix obviates
      the necessity for converting lipid antigens into the water-soluble state in the
      process of serological tests. As compared with other methods, the liposomal
      potentiometric method for the determination of Re-chemotype glycolipid and lipid
      A is highly sensitive (20-40 ng/ml), rapid, technically easy to perform, cheap
      and does not require large volumes of samples. The disadvantages of this
      analytical system are the instability of liposomes and the diffusion of fluorine
      ions from the internal aqueous phase of vesicules. For this reason the
      immunoassay can be made only within 12 hours after the preparation of sensitized
      liposomes incorporating the marker.

PMID- 4060959
TI  - Synthesis, antidiuretic and pressor activities of [arginine4]arginine-vasopressin
      and two related analogues.
AB  - Using well-established solid-phase techniques, three new analogues of arginine
      vasopressin (AVP) were synthesized. In these the glutamine residue in position 4
      was replaced with an additional arginine. The new analogues were:
      [Arginine4]arginine-vasopressin ([Arg4]AVP), [2-thiopropionic
      acid1,arginine4]arginine-vasopressin (d[Arg4]AVP) and [1-thiocyclohexaneacetic
      acid1,arginine4]arginine-vasopressin (d(CH2)5[Arg4]AVP). [Arg4]AVP showed about
      the same antidiuretic activity as AVP but had only about 40% of its pressor
      activity. Unexpectedly, deamination caused a drop in the antidiuretic activity to
      about 50%. d(CH2)5[Arg4]AVP had practically negligible antidiuretic and low
      pressor effects.

PMID- 4060960
TI  - Stable glucopyranosylpalladium complexes with cis-beta-hydrogen. A six-membered
      ring metallocycle with an oxygen donor ligand.
AB  - Two stable glucopyranosylpalladium complexes, chloro[1,3-dimethyl-5-(3,4,6-tri-O
      acetyl-2-deoxy-alpha-D -arabinohexopyranosyl)-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedionnato]
      (triphenylphosphine)-palladium and the corresponding triphenylarsine analog, were
      studied using fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, 1H, 13C and 31P nuclear
      magnetic resonance, UV and IR spectroscopy to establish structures for these
      complexes. The data obtained indicate that the pyranosyl ring is in a chair
      conformation in which palladium (C2'), acetoxy (C3' C4') and acetoxymethyl (C5')
      are equatorial and 1,3-dimethyl-2,4(1H,3H) pyrimidinedion-5-yl (C1') is axial.
      The palladium(II) ion is encompassed in a six-membered ring metallocycle in which
      C2' of the glucopyranosyl ring and the oxygen of the C4 carbonyl of the
      pyrimidinedionyl group occupy adjacent ligand sites. The other two ligand sites
      on square planar palladium are occupied by triphenylphosphine (or
      triphenylarsine) cis to C2' and trans to carbonyl oxygen, and chloride trans to
      C2' and cis to oxygen. This stable metallocycle has three unusual features, a cis
      beta-hydrogen, a six-membered Pd-containing ring and an oxygen donor ligand. Its
      surprising stability is due to conformational barriers to the proper alignment of
      Pd with pyranosyl ring substituents required for elimination reactions.

PMID- 4060961
TI  - 5-Hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine. Cytotoxicity and DNA incorporation studied by
      using a novel [2-14C]-derivative with normal and leukemic human hematopoietic
      cells.
AB  - 5-Hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine is a biologically active thymidine analogue. This
      investigation was aimed at characterizing the cytotoxicity of 5-hydroxymethyl-2'
      deoxyuridine and its incorporation into DNA. Fifty percent inhibition of cellular
      proliferation, assessed by incorporation of [U-14C]-L-leucine in vitro, was
      caused by 1.7-5.8 X 10(-5) incorporation of [U-14C]-L-leucine in vitro, was
      caused by 1.7-5.8 X 10(-5) M 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine in seven human
      leukemia cell lines. Higher concentrations of 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine,
      i.e. 6-8 X 10(-5) M, were required for a comparable inhibition in human PHA
      stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes. A new synthesis procedure for [2-14C]5
      hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine was developed. The net incorporation of [2-14C]5
      hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine into DNA of hematopoietic cells was low. The
      possibility of a repair mechanism for 5-hydroxymethyluracil bound to DNA is
      discussed.

PMID- 4060962
TI  - The purity of two commercial hemeproteins.

PMID- 4060964
TI  - Surgery of secondary nasal deformities in unilateral clefts.

PMID- 4060963
TI  - Basic cephalometric facial characteristics in cleft lip and/or cleft palate prior
      to the first surgical repair.

PMID- 4060965
TI  - Tubed flaps for reconstruction of the middle face and nose after en bloc
      performed resections.

PMID- 4060966
TI  - Gluteus maximus musculocutaneous island flaps and their use in sacral decubitus
      ulcers.

PMID- 4060967
TI  - Muscle and myocutaneous flaps in the treatment of pressure sores in paraplegics.

PMID- 4060969
TI  - Heterogeneity of human lutropin. Detection and identification of alpha- and beta
      subunits.
AB  - A highly purified LH preparation, prepared from human pituitaries (NM14) was
      studied using immunochemical and in vitro biological techniques. Using
      isoelectric focusing 5 different biologically active components could be
      detected, 4 of which were located between pH = 7.0 and 8.6, one was located at pH
      = 4.9. The biological activity in the acidic part of the pH gradient is probably
      due to the formation of an artefact during storage in solution. The experiments
      were performed with special emphasis on the occurrence of LH subunits, for which
      until now no pI-values have been reported. Using specific radioimmunochemical
      (RIA) systems at least 7 different alpha-subunit components and 4 different beta
      subunit components could be detected. The presence of even more components is
      likely. The alpha-subunit components, with pI-values of: 4.6, 5.2, 6.0, 7.1, 8.1,
      8.8 and 9.7, were located spread over the entire pH-gradient whereas all beta
      subunit components were located above pH = 7.5, the pI-values being 7.7, 8.4, 8.5
      and 10.4. The identification of these components as alpha- or beta-subunit was
      based on the relative response in the different RIA systems, the absence of
      biological activity and the response changes during incubation at 37 degrees C.
      Refocusing of the above mentioned biologically active components individually
      resulted each time in a single component with a pI-value identical to its
      corresponding 'parent'. After incubation at 37 degrees C of these components each
      time the same variety of subunit components was found with discrete pI-values,
      identical to those above.

PMID- 4060968
TI  - Serotonergic regulation of prolactin and growth hormone secretion in man.
AB  - Controversy still exists regarding the role of serotonin in the regulation of
      prolactin (Prl) and growth hormone (GH) secretion in man. We gave healthy male
      volunteers three oral doses (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg) of fenfluramine, a serotonin
      releasing agent and uptake inhibitor, and a corresponding placebo. There was a
      significant dose-response effect of fenfluramine on Prl but not on GH levels.
      Following the highest dose of fenfluramine, mean Prl levels increased from 9.7
      ng/ml to 42.3 ng/ml. In a separate study, subjects were pre-treated with
      cyproheptadine, a serotonin antagonist, before the administration of
      fenfluramine. Cyproheptadine did not significantly affect basal Prl or GH levels,
      but it did blunt the response of Prl to fenfluramine. Cyproheptadine pre
      treatment did not alter plasma levels of fenfluramine. Our findings support a
      stimulatory role for serotonin in the regulation of Prl secretion in man. They
      also suggest that serotonin does not have a major influence on GH secretion in
      man.

PMID- 4060970
TI  - Effects of bromocriptine on hormone production and cell growth in cultured rat
      pituitary cells.
AB  - Rat pituitary adenoma cells (GH3) that spontaneously synthesize and secrete both
      prolactin (Prl) and growth hormone (GH) were used in this study. Bromocriptine (5
      X 10(-5) mol/l), a dopamine (DA) agonist, induced a rapid reduction in Prl and GH
      secretion with maximum effect (approximately 60%) after 15 min of treatment.
      Bromocriptine also inhibited Prl and GH production in a time- and dose-dependent
      manner with ED50 at 4 X 10(-6) mol/l and 7 X 10(-6) mol/l, respectively. Maximum
      effect was obtained at 5 X 10(-5) mol/l of bromocriptine which after 24 h of
      treatment reduced the production of Prl and GH by approximately 70 and
      approximately 50%, respectively. After 9 days of treatment both Prl and GH
      production was reduced by more than 95%. Bromocriptine also reduced cellular
      growth rate. The ED50 was approximately 1 X 10(-5) mol/l and the maximum effect
      (greater than 50%) was observed at 5 X 10(-5) mol/l. All effects of bromocriptine
      were reversible upon cessation of treatment. The antiproliferative effect of
      bromocriptine was also observed using a rat hepatoma cell line (MH1C1) and a
      human epithelial cell line (HE), suggesting a non-receptor mediated growth
      inhibition at high concentrations of the drug. In conclusion, the inhibitory
      effect of bromocriptine on secretion and production of both Prl and GH in GH3
      cells occurs at a lower concentration than its effect on cell proliferation. The
      pharmacological effects of bromocriptine in vivo on Prl and GH producing adenomas
      may be explained by an action directly at the pituitary level.

PMID- 4060971
TI  - Renal sodium retention and vasopressin induced kaliuresis in ethanol
      anaesthetised rats.
AB  - Renal electrolyte excretion has been examined in water loaded ethanol
      anaesthetised rats receiving continuous iv saline (0.077 M NaCl) infusion. These
      animals exhibited very low rates of Na+, K+ and Cl- excretion by comparison with
      Inactin anaesthetised rats. Water loaded Inactin anaesthetised rats also showed a
      degree of Na retention but both Na+ and K+ excretory rates were higher than in
      ethanol anaesthetised animals. Plasma aldosterone levels did not differ between
      ethanol and Inactin anaesthetised groups. Vasopressin administration did not
      effect Na+ but potentiated K+ excretion in ethanol anaesthetised animals. This
      contrasted with the potent natriuretic and weak kaliuretic action of vasopressin
      in water loaded Inactin anaesthetised rats. The significance of abnormal renal
      electrolyte handling and the marked kaliuretic effect of vasopressin to the use
      of ethanol anaesthetised animals for vasopressin bioassay is discussed.

PMID- 4060974
TI  - Release of immunoreactive oxytocin and neurophysin I by cultured luteinizing
      bovine granulosa cells.
AB  - We investigated the production of oxytocin (OT) and oxytocin-neurophysin (bNpI)
      by bovine granulosa cells cultured in presence of 10% foetal calf serum, a
      condition known to induce spontaneous luteinization of these cells. The
      production of immunoreactive OT was significantly higher in the cultures of
      granulosa cells harvested from large follicles than in those derived from small
      follicles. Chromatography on Sephadex G-25 showed similar elution sites of
      ovarian and synthetic OT, while high performance liquid chromatography revealed
      two peaks of OT-immunoreactivity, one of which (+/- 65% of the total
      immunoreactivity) coincided with synthetic OT. In another experiment, we could
      observe a gradual increase of OT, bNp I and progesterone production by granulosa
      cells derived from large follicles, in relation with the incubation time. The
      mean molar ratio OT: bNp I was 2.2 +/- 0.5 (SEM), and we found a significant
      positive correlation between the production of OT and bNp I (r = 0.77; P less
      than 0.01) and between the production of OT and progesterone (r = 0.80; P less
      than 0.01). Furthermore, the cellular OT and bNp I content of large follicles
      derived granulosa cells before culture was 4-5 times lower than the total amount
      of OT and bNp I produced during a 72-h incubation, suggesting an active synthesis
      of these peptides. These data show that bovine granulosa cells are able to
      produce OT and bNp I, probably by an active biosynthesis as observed in the
      hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system and that the granulosa productions of OT, bNp
      I and progesterone are closely related.

PMID- 4060972
TI  - Somatomedin synthesis by a subclone of Buffalo rat liver cells. Influence of
      divalent cations on rIGF-II release.
AB  - Previous studies have provided evidence that biosynthesis and secretion of
      somatomedin (SM) is not only hormone dependent, but also modulated by nutritional
      factors. Little is known, however, about the role of divalent cations in these
      processes. A subclone of Buffalo rat liver (BRL) cells, known to secrete rat
      insulin-like growth factor-II (rIGF-II) into serum-free medium, was used to
      define the influence of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Zn2+ on this function. The secretion of
      rIGF-II by subclone BRL-3SC appears to be quite stable in minimal essential
      medium (MEM) over a wide range in Ca2+ concentrations (0.18-3.0 mM) but is
      reduced to only 8% of controls in the absence of Ca2+ (P less than 0.01).
      Reducing, and even eliminating, the extracellular concentration of Mg2+ alone
      caused no change in basal rIGF-II release, while simultaneously decreasing Mg2+
      and Ca2+ results in a marked drop in the secretion of this SM, reaching a nadir
      of 38% of controls in the absence of Mg2+ (P less than 0.001). A Mg2+
      concentration of 10 mM, or 25 times 'normal', did not alter the basal secretion
      of rIGF-II. Eliminating the trace amount (0.8 nM) of Zn2+ in MEM by chelation
      with EDTA decreased rIGF-II secretion to 62% of control levels (P less than
      0.01), while increasing the concentration of this cation to 3 mM did not alter
      the basal release of this SM. Decreased rIGF-II release in the presence of EGTA
      and EDTA is not due to irreversible cell damage since the secretion of this SM
      was restored to normal during subsequent reincubation in MEM alone.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4060973
TI  - Modulation of prolactin mediated progesterone secretion by gonadotrophin
      subunits.
AB  - The effects of preincubating rat granulosa cells with porcine LH, and its
      dissociated alpha and beta subunits on subsequent Prl mediated progesterone
      secretion were examined. Granulosa cells were isolated from ovarian follicles 50
      h after injection of 5 IU PMSG and were then cultured as monolayers in serum
      supplemented medium. Cells were preincubated for 24 h with medium alone (control)
      or with 0.1 or 1 microgram/ml of LH, LH alpha, LH beta, or both LH alpha and LH
      beta. Cells were also preincubated with 50 ng/ml LH alpha and 50 ng/ml LH alpha
      that had been further purified with immunoaffinity chromatography. Following the
      preincubation period, cells were maintained an additional 6 days in the presence
      or absence of 1 microgram/ml Prl. Preincubation with LH or its individual
      subunits markedly increased the responsiveness to Prl stimulation through 6 days
      of culture, whereas cells cultured in the absence of Prl secreted decreasing
      amounts of progesterone. Preincubation with the dissociated subunits increased
      Prl mediated progesterone secretion approximately two-thirds as much as
      preincubation with intact pLH. Immunopurified pLH alpha increased the
      responsiveness to Prl to the same degree as non-purified pLH alpha, suggesting
      that the stimulatory effects of the subunits are not due to contamination by
      intact LH. The magnitude of Prl mediated progesterone secretion was dependent
      upon the preincubation concentration of LH or its dissociated subunits in most,
      but not all treatments. The increased responsiveness to Prl suggests that in the
      proper endocrine environment, individual subunits of gonadotrophins may
      functionally interact with target cells.

PMID- 4060975
TI  - Effects of oxytocin and vasopressin on the ovarian blood flow, progesterone and
      oestradiol-17 beta secretion in oestrous rats.
AB  - Oestrous rats were anaesthetized with pentobarbital, one of the femoral arteries
      and veins and one of the ovarian veins were cannulated, and a thin polyethylene
      cannula was fixed in the ovarian bursa. Five-min blood fractions were collected
      from the ovary for 50 min. Following the control fractions 15 mU of oxytocin, 15
      mU of vasopressin or 50 microliter of 0.9% NaCl solution was given into the
      ovarian bursa over 10 min. Blood pressure and ovarian blood flow were
      continuously recorded. Progesterone (P) and oestradiol-17 beta (E2) were
      determined from the blood samples by RIA. Oxytocin did not alter the blood
      pressure, whereas the ovarian blood flow showed a short increasing tendency.
      Later, however, it started to decrease in parallel with the decrease in blood
      pressure owing to blood loss. The secretion of P and E2 remained unchanged. No
      changes in blood pressure were observed after vasopressin administration,
      although the ovarian blood flow quickly decreased in parallel with the secretion
      of P and E2. It is suggested that oxytocin has no direct effect on ovarian blood
      flow and hormone secretion in the rat. Vasopressin, however, is an effective
      vasoconstrictor in the rat ovary and may in this way reduce hormone synthesis.

PMID- 4060976
TI  - Mitogenic response of neoplastic "hairy cells" to Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I.

PMID- 4060977
TI  - Granulocytopenia in histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis without granulocytic
      infiltration: decreased CFU-C and an inhibitory effect of the serum.

PMID- 4060978
TI  - Impaired synthesis of polyclonal immunoglobulin by bone marrow cells in a patient
      with multiple myeloma.

PMID- 4060979
TI  - Antileukemic effect of cimetidine in vitro.

PMID- 4060980
TI  - Two-dimensional analysis of phosphorylated proteins in human platelet membrane.

PMID- 4060981
TI  - A preservation method of blood samples for determination of glycolytic
      intermediates and adenine nucleotides in human blood.

PMID- 4060982
TI  - Resistance of sickle cells to saponin-induced hemolysis.

PMID- 4060983
TI  - Depression of natural killer cell activity in patients with aplastic anemia.

PMID- 4060984
TI  - Endogenous colony-forming unit, erythroid (e-CFU-E): abnormal increases in
      regenerating hemopoiesis and accelerated erythropoiesis.

PMID- 4060985
TI  - Mast cell precursors in a macrophage colony developed in a semi-solid culture
      from mouse bone marrow cells.

PMID- 4060986
TI  - Effect of various materials on granulocyte functions: cell compatibility tests of
      test tubes for granulocyte separation and functional analyses.

PMID- 4060987
TI  - Development of psychomotor tempo (tapping speed and stability) and EEG alpha
      frequency in 7 to 15-years-old children.
AB  - The psychomotor tempo (tapping) and its relation to alpha frequency was
      investigated in 100 7- to 15-year-old children. The frequency of alpha rhythm
      increased in proportion to age, and the maximum and preferential tapping
      frequencies revealed an increasing tendency, too. Mainly the preferential tapping
      frequency correlated with the age-dependent increment of EEG alpha frequency.
      Simultaneously, the variability of the tapping frequency decreased. During a
      phase of relatively stable tapping performance regular fluctuations in the
      tapping frequency occurred with a period duration between 0.67 and 13.3 s. These
      oscillations of the motor activity developed during ontogenesis: The slow
      fluctuations were found in all groups, whereas those with shorter periods were
      best pronounced in the older children. The development of EEG and psychomotor
      indices are assumed to be based on the morphological and functional maturation of
      the developing brain. Therefore, they may be used as a tool to assess the normal
      and disturbed brain development.

PMID- 4060988
TI  - The structure of night sleep and cardiac rhythm in patients suffering for many
      years from hypo- and akinesia.
AB  - The polygram of night sleep was studied in 3 patients, who due to a lesion to the
      CNS and peripheral nervous system were in a state of long-term akinesia and
      artificial lung ventilation. The cyclic organization of sleep and its transition
      from stage to stage, as a whole corresponded with those in healthy subjects.
      However, there was a general tendency in all patients to a reduction of sleep
      spindles. There was also a tendency to the stability of heart rate during night
      sleep. The relationship between delta-sleep and sleep spindles and motor activity
      is discussed.

PMID- 4060989
TI  - Statistical approach to the word association test.
AB  - Six different quantitative single-valued measures for the response domain in free
      Word Association Test are summarized. The measures are w--the probability of the
      primary response; K--the number of different responses related to the number of
      subjects; H--the number of idiosyncratic responses related to the number of
      subjects; Z--the coefficient proposed by Zinger (1982); Ri--the coefficient of
      isonymy defined by Lasker (1977); and I--the entropy of the response
      distribution. These measures are compared on the theoretical level. The results
      are demonstrated on an experiment in which 175 subjects responded to a list of 40
      different stimuli words. The list was presented twice. The measure I is preferred
      for general application from both theoretical and experimental points of view.

PMID- 4060990
TI  - An approach for representing EEG activity.
AB  - A method for the representation of EEG-parameters by means of a bidimensional
      plot of two signals is described. A block diagram is given for the recording of
      figures with phase-sensitive parameter variations, using an oscilloscope or an X
      Y graphic recorder as a display. Charts for the determination of the setting
      parameters of a digital as well as an analog phase-shifting arrangement are
      submitted. The method is capable of reflecting individual properties of a single
      wave and typical characteristics of the epoch as well. It is felt that it may be
      of benefit in the immediate estimation of EEG-activity changes.

PMID- 4060991
TI  - EEG and autonomic correlates of extraversion and neuroticism.

PMID- 4060992
TI  - Synchronization with rhythmic musical patterns.

PMID- 4060993
TI  - Modification of strychnine epileptogenic focus in the brain cortex by diazepam.

PMID- 4060994
TI  - Relation of circadian rhythm of heart rate variability to personality
      characteristics.

PMID- 4060995
TI  - The effect of triiodothyronine on the behaviour and learning ability of rats.

PMID- 4060996
TI  - Effects of epidural analgesia on plasma catecholamines and cortisol in
      parturition.
AB  - To assess the effect of epidural block on plasma catecholamines and cortisol
      during labour and delivery, plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine and cortisol
      levels were determined in 26 healthy parturients, all of whom delivered vaginally
      (18 received an epidural block, eight had meperidine 50 mg intramuscularly). We
      found a significant drop of plasma epinephrine and cortisol and no significant
      reduction of plasma norepinephrine 1 h after administration of epidural block
      compared to preblock values. Observing the data during the whole course of labour
      in correlation with cervical dilatation, in the control group, where the
      parturients received meperidine, all hormones rose progressively up to the moment
      of delivery. One hour after delivery the catecholamines returned to normal
      levels; cortisol returned more slowly. In the epidural group the increase of
      plasma epinephrine and cortisol was significantly inhibited but not that of
      norepinephrine.

PMID- 4060997
TI  - Epidural fentanyl counteracts sympathetic gastric inhibition.
AB  - Postoperative paralytic ileus is in part mediated by the sympathetic
      gastrointestino-gastrointestinal (GI-GI) reflex. The modulation of this reflex by
      epidural fentanyl (50 micrograms) was studied in chloralose-anesthetized,
      ventilated cats. The vagi were cut in the neck but could be efferently
      stimulated. Gastric volume, arterial pressure and heart rate were followed and
      the GI-GI reflex was elicited by intestinal distension, mesenteric afferent nerve
      stimulation or heating or capsaicin administered intra-arterially to an
      intestinal loop. Epidural fentanyl enhanced the gastric contraction response to
      efferent vagal stimulation and considerably counter-acted the GI-GI reflex
      inhibition of vagally induced tone. These effects were reversed by epidural
      naloxone (10 micrograms). In contrast, 50 micrograms of fentanyl i.v. only
      enhanced the effect of vagal stimulation but had no influence on the inhibitory
      GI-GI reflex responses. Apparently, epidural fentanyl may inhibit the GI-GI
      reflex by a spinal point of action.

PMID- 4060998
TI  - Post-operative analgesia by epidural versus intramuscular nicomorphine after
      thoracotomy. Part I.
AB  - One hundred and sixty-three patients subjected to three different types of
      thoracic operation were allocated randomly either to balanced intravenous
      anaesthesia including i.v. opiates with post-operative intramuscular opiates
      (intramuscular group) or to balanced intravenous anaesthesia without i.v. opiates
      but with high thoracic epidural regional block during the operation as well as
      epidural nicomorphine post-operatively (epidural group). Post-operative
      nicomorphine was given only at the request of the patient and as frequently as
      needed to obtain satisfactory pain relief. Patients in the epidural group
      received nicomorphine exclusively by epidural injection. In this paper (Part I),
      general parameters between the epidural group and the im. group are compared. The
      epidural group showed acceptable cardiovascular stability during the operation.
      With the catheter tip at the T3-T4 level, there was apparently a preferential
      spread downwards of the local anaesthetics. Post-operatively both groups (i.m.
      and epidural) provided effective and rapid onset of analgesia. There were no
      major differences in post-operative pain assessment, either by the patient or by
      the team.

PMID- 4060999
TI  - Infectious complications of percutaneously inserted central venous catheters.
AB  - The frequency of early and late complications of percutaneously inserted central
      venous catheters (CVC) was prospectively assessed. One hundred and fifty-one
      periods of catheterization (siliconized and heparinized polyethylene and teflon
      catheters), inserted mainly infraclavicularly and on the right side, were
      evaluated. Strict aseptic technique was used during insertion and daily care of
      the CVC. The only early complications noted were three cases of pneumothorax. No
      nerve injuries or arterial punctures were observed. Of 124 evaluated cases (96
      arm-phlebography, 28 post-mortem) 16% developed thrombosis, and in one patient
      this probably resulted in fatal pulmonary embolism. Septicaemia was seldom seen:
      two cases were considered as proved and another two cases as probable. This study
      and other studies indicate that an aseptic technique is essential and perhaps
      even more important than using tunnelled versus percutaneously inserted catheters
      in respect of reducing infectious complications of central venous catheters.

PMID- 4061000
TI  - Effect of aspiration of cerebro-spinal fluid on spinal anaesthesia with isobaric
      0.5% bupivacaine.
AB  - The effect of changing the volume of cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) before spinal
      anaesthesia with 3 ml of isobaric 0.5% bupivacaine was investigated in 60 elderly
      (58-77 years) orthopaedic or urological patients. The patients were randomly
      allocated to three groups. They received the spinal anaesthetic either with or
      without the aspiration of 3 ml of CSF. In the third group a mixture of 3 ml of
      aspirated CSF and 3 ml of 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine was given. Pin-prick
      analgesia and motor block were tested during the induction and recovery. The only
      statistically significant difference between the groups was in the time-lag from
      administration to maximum spread of pin-prick analgesia, which was shortest in
      the group without aspiration (mean 19.5 min, other groups 29-30 min). The mean
      maximum level of analgesia was T6-T7 in each group. The anaesthesia was
      satisfactory in most cases. One death occurred because of a massive pulmonary
      embolism. The clinical significance of aspirating CSF before attempting spinal
      anaesthesia with 3 ml of 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine was found to be small.

PMID- 4061001
TI  - Effects of fentanyl on local cerebral blood flow in the rat.
AB  - Fentanyl reduces the cortical cerebral blood flow and metabolic rate for oxygen
      in rats, though seizure activity occurs in some animals at high doses. However,
      the effects of fentanyl on blood flow and metabolism in subcortical structures
      have not been clearly delineated. The present study examines the effects of
      intravenous fentanyl (100 or 400 micrograms . kg-1) on local cerebral blood flow
      (1-CBF) in paralyzed, mechanically ventilated rats. Rats ventilated with 70% N2O
      in 30% O2 served as controls. Local CBF was measured using 14C-iodoantipyrine and
      autoradiography. Blood pressure, PaO2, PaCO2, pH, and temperature were comparable
      in all groups. The EEG showed slow wave activity in most animals given 100
      micrograms . kg-1 fentanyl while seizure activity occurred in all animals given
      400 micrograms . kg-1 fentanyl. With 100 micrograms . kg-1 fentanyl, CBF tended
      to be depressed in all cortical and subcortical areas, except the peri-aqueductal
      gray; and with 400 micrograms . kg-1 fentanyl, 1-CBF tended to be elevated
      (compared to 100 micrograms . kg-1 fentanyl) in most areas of the brain. The
      limbic system structures, however, were most affected by 400 micrograms . kg-1
      fentanyl with statistically significant increases (compared to the 100 micrograms
      . kg-1 group) in 1-CBF of 86% and 67% respectively in the amygdala and septal
      nucleus. These results confirm that moderately high doses of fentanyl which cause
      slow wave activity on the EEG also depress 1-CBF in rats; moreover, doses of
      fentanyl that produce seizure activity produce increases in 1-CBF in most
      cerebral structures with greatest effects on limbic system 1-CBF.

PMID- 4061002
TI  - Buprenorphine delays drug absorption and gastric emptying in man.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of buprenorphine on
      drug absorption and gastric emptying in man, using paracetamol absorption as an
      index of gastric emptying rate. Paracetamol was given to eight healthy volunteers
      p.o. together with or without a single i.v. dose of buprenorphine 4 micrograms kg
      1 body weight. Nausea occurred in five of the subjects, four subjects vomited and
      one was excluded due to vomiting during the study period. The mean peak serum
      paracetamol concentration (Cmax) was significantly (P less than 0.0002) lowered
      by a factor 3 by buprenorphine, the mean time from administration of paracetamol
      to its peak concentration (Tmax) was significantly (P less than 0.03) prolonged
      by a factor 6, and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to
      120 min was significantly (P less than 0.00006) reduced by a factor 3. This
      demonstrates a marked inhibition of the rate of paracetamol absorption,
      indicating a clinically important reduction of gastric emptying following
      administration of buprenorphine.

PMID- 4061003
TI  - Effects of a thermal ceiling on postoperative hypothermia.
AB  - Moderate per- and postoperative hypothermia initiates an increased metabolism in
      the postoperative period. The subsequent demands on oxygen transport may be
      critical in poor risk patients. Nineteen healthy young women with moderate
      hypothermia after abdominal surgery were studied for 2 h postoperatively with or
      without external heating from a heating ceiling. Central and peripheral
      temperatures, oxygen consumption, plasma catecholamines and shivering were
      measured. A method for continuous measurement of oxygen consumption and carbon
      dioxide production during spontaneous breathing is described. The results suggest
      that postoperative external heating decreases oxygen consumption, shivering and
      plasma catecholamine levels. At the same time, the comfort of the patient is
      increased considerably.

PMID- 4061005
TI  - The effects of cardiac pacing on central hemodynamics in experimental
      propoxyphene-induced cardiac failure.
AB  - Coronary sinus pacing was evaluated in 10 pigs during propoxyphene-induced
      cardiac failure. From baseline, propoxyphene chloride 15 mg . min-1 was infused
      until circulatory shock developed. Cardiac pacing was evaluated at different dose
      levels expressed as % of the shock dose of propoxyphene: at intoxication levels
      below 50% of the shock dose, cardiac pacing improved cardiac performance. At dose
      levels above 50% of the shock dose cardiac performance deteriorated further
      during pacing. The results are consistent with a severe negative inotropic effect
      of propoxyphene in overdose.

PMID- 4061004
TI  - Comparison of adrenaline and phenylephrine in out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary
      resuscitation. A double-blind study.
AB  - Phenylephrine, a strong alpha-adrenergic receptor-stimulating agent, was compared
      with adrenaline in 65 patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, in a double
      blind study. The resuscitation was performed by the physician-staffed Prehospital
      Emergency Care Unit of Helsinki University Central Hospital. The patients
      received either 1.0 mg of phenylephrine or 0.5 mg of adrenaline i.v. in the
      treatment of fine ventricular fibrillation, asystole or electromechanical
      dissociation. If two doses of either drug did not restore circulation, 0.5 mg of
      known 0.01% adrenaline was given i.v., maximally twice. In the adrenaline group,
      which consisted of 36 patients with a mean age of 61 years, 10 patients (28%)
      were successfully resuscitated. The phenylephrine group consisted of 29 patients
      with a mean age of 62 years. In this group nine patients (31%) were successfully
      resuscitated. The two groups were comparable regarding their apnoea-times, and
      there was no difference in the need for extra adrenaline between the groups. No
      adverse effects, such as hypertension or bradycardia, were noted in the patients
      treated with either adrenaline or phenylephrine, nor did the overall rate of
      successful resuscitation fall during the test period. It is concluded that
      phenylephrine seems as effective as adrenaline in the treatment of cardiac
      arrest, but further studies seem warranted.

PMID- 4061006
TI  - A combined tc-PO2 and skin blood flow sensor.
AB  - A new approach to the determination of energy delivered to the skin during
      transcutaneous oxygen tension (tc-PO2) measurements was tested. The test was
      carried out using a tc-PO2 electrode constructed with an active thermal shield in
      order to provide more sensitive and specific heat transport measurements, and
      consequently to create the possibility of determining skin blood flow rates. The
      oxygen measurement properties did not differ from the conventional tc-PO2
      electrode. In vivo measurements were performed on 11 adult volunteers. Skin blood
      flow was determined by a blood flow cessation technique to be 0.124 +/- 0.053 ml
      . cm-2 . min-1 at the start of the experiments, rising to 0.164 +/- 0.61 ml . cm
      2 . min-1. Tc-PO2 changed from 56.2 +/- 9.8 mmHg (7.5 +/- 1.3 kPa) to 68.3 +/-
      9.0 mmHg(9.1 +/- 1.2 kPa). It is concluded that a thermally shielded electrode
      makes it possible to determine the convectional component of the heat loss from
      the electrode to the skin and consequently to compute a relative measure of skin
      blood flow rate. The observed change in computed skin blood flow rate was
      correlated to the observed change in tc-PO2 (P less than 0.1).

PMID- 4061007
TI  - Effects of six anaesthetic agents on UDP-glucuronic acid and other nucleotides in
      rat liver.
AB  - Anaesthesia affects the liver nucleotide pool. It was the aim of the present
      study to examine how anaesthesia for 60 min with pentobarbital, ketamin +
      diazepam, halothane, enflurane and isoflurane may influence the nucleotide pool
      in the rat liver, studied with isotachophoresis. It was found that none of the
      agents gave both safe and reproducible anaesthesia without affecting the
      nucleotide pools or affecting the experiments in some other way. Halothane and
      isoflurane were the two best alternatives with respect to both efficiency and
      safety. Isoflurane may be preferable since it gives a higher energy charge.

PMID- 4061008
TI  - Respiratory effects of premedication during enflurane N2O anaesthesia in
      children.
AB  - The influence of premedication on induction characteristics and respiration was
      studied in 40 children breathing spontaneously during enflurane-nitrous oxide
      anaesthesia. Two different premedications were used. Twenty children (Group DA)
      received a rectal solution containing diazepam 0.25 mg kg-1 and atropine 0.015 mg
      kg-1 and 20 (Group DMS) received a rectal solution of diazepam 0.5 mg kg-1,
      morphine 0.15 mg kg-1 and scopolamine 0.01 mg kg-1. The children in Group DMS had
      a significantly higher preoperative sedative score (P less than 0.01), faster
      induction of anaesthesia (P less than 0.01), lower occurrence of airway problems
      during induction and a smoother intubation (P less than 0.05) than the children
      in Group DA. However, the end-tidal carbon dioxide tensions were higher and the
      occurrence of apnoea was more common in Group DMS than in Group DA. Thus it was
      concluded that if the more sedative premedication (DMS) is to be used for
      enflurane anaesthesia in children, controlled ventilation would be preferable.

PMID- 4061009
TI  - Tolerance to nitrous oxide in volunteers.
AB  - Nociception and loss of awareness during exposure to anaesthetic concentration of
      nitrous oxide (N2O) were studied in eight male medical students. The cold water
      nociception test, where a hand is immersed in 0 degree C stirred water, was used
      for measurement of nociception. At irregular intervals an auditory command was
      given to oppose two fingers, and this served to monitor consciousness. The
      selected inspiratory concentration of N2O used per individual was sufficient to
      induce a loss of consciousness for more than 2.5 min, within 10 min of exposure
      to N2O. This concentration of N2O varied from 60% to 80%. The experimental
      exposure to N2O lasted 3 h. In all volunteers significant antinociception was
      observed within 2 min of exposure to N2O. The maximal analgesic effect was
      observed between 20 and 30 min of exposure to N2O. The analgesic effect of N2O
      gradually decreased and was absent in all eight volunteers within 150 min. Two
      volunteers regained consciousness at 77 and 91 min of exposure, whilst still
      breathing 60 and 80% N2O. These results show that tolerance to antinociceptive
      effects of N2O in man rapidly develops and that awareness may occur in some
      volunteers during prolonged exposure to N2O.

PMID- 4061010
TI  - Successful vasoconstrictor therapy of anaphylactoid reactions during induction of
      anaesthesia. A report of two cases.
AB  - Anaphylactoid reactions were evoked during intravenous induction of anaesthesia
      in two patients on three occasions. In the first patient the reaction occurred
      during the first anaesthetic on propranolol and hydrochlorthiazide medication due
      to hypertension. Since the major target organ for the anaphylactoid reaction in
      this patient was the pulmonary circulation, the cardiovascular collapse at his
      first anaesthetic was misinterpreted as a nonspecific reaction to anaesthesia
      reinforced by the beta-receptor blocking therapy. At the second anaesthetic
      central haemodynamics, plasma adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) were
      measured. Following injection of thiopentone sudden decreases of mean arterial
      blood pressure (60%), cardiac output (60%), and systemic vascular resistance
      (20%) were observed. Thirty minutes later, still during circulatory shock, the
      concentration of A had increased whereas that of NA was normal. In the second
      patient the anaphylactogenic drug was supposed to be thiopentone, suxamethonium
      or alcuronium. In this patient, the fall in arterial blood pressure was
      associated with bronchospasm and the sudden appearance of peripheral oedema. In
      both cases initial resuscitation comprised volume replacement and beta 1-agonist
      therapy but the cardiovascular state was not normalized until vasoconstricting
      agents were infused.

PMID- 4061011
TI  - The effects of dopamine on central hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism in
      experimental propoxyphene-induced shock.
AB  - The hemodynamic and cardiometabolic effects of dopamine were evaluated in
      propoxyphene-induced circulatory shock in eight pentobarbital anesthetized pigs.
      Circulatory shock was induced by an infusion of propoxyphene chloride 15 mg . min
      1 i.v. At shock, i.e. CI less than or equal to 2.0 l . min-1 . m-2 and/or MAP
      less than or equal to 60 mmHg, dopamine was infused at 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160
      micrograms . kg-1 . min-1 with an interval between increments of 8 min. After 30
      min at 160 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1, the infusion rate was reversibly decreased.
      The propoxyphene infusion of 15 mg . min-1 was continued throughout the study.
      Dopamine improved the circulation in seven animals; one animal died in refractory
      shock during dopamine infusion. Dopamine infusion at shock level resulted in an
      increase of the following variables (% of baseline value): MAP (69%), HR (109%),
      CI (138%) and SVI (129%). Normalisation was seen in MRAP (120%) and in MPAOP
      (100%). A profound decrease in systemic vascular resistance was unchanged.
      Increases were seen in left and right ventricular stroke work index, to 88% and
      176% of baseline, respectively. Left ventricular dP/dt increased (170%). In the
      coronary circulation myocardial blood flow increased (133%) as did myocardial
      oxygen consumption (65%) concomitant with a decrease in myocardial oxygen uptake
      (41%), but coronary vascular resistance progressively decreased (38%). The
      myocardial propoxyphene extraction changed from +54% to -86% during peak dopamine
      infusion. In conclusion, dopamine reversed cardiac failure in propoxyphene
      overdose by a marked positive inotropic stimulation restoring contractility. A
      marked positive chronotropic stimulation maintained a sufficient cardiac index
      and a normal blood pressure in spite of a profound vasodilatation which was
      unresponsive to dopamine.

PMID- 4061012
TI  - International congress on paediatric anesthesia and intensive care. Brussels,
      Belgium, September 20-21, 1985.

PMID- 4061013
TI  - A new method of ventilation with a mixture of helium and oxygen in the management
      of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. A preliminary study.
AB  - To prevent the severe prognosis of pulmonary hypoplasia in congenital
      diaphragmatic hernia, the authors developed a new method of ventilation, using a
      modulated mixture of helium and oxygen. Associated with a leptanalgesia
      (Chlorpromazine-Morphine), the authors observed with this method two good
      results. Efficiency of this technique has been confirmed by X-rays and successive
      pulmonary scintigraphies (Xenon 133).

PMID- 4061014
TI  - Partial bronchial stenosis following inadvertent right bronchial intubation in a
      neonate.
AB  - This case reports difficulties encountered in weaning a premature infant with
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia from prolonged mechanical ventilation. On chest X-ray
      alternating atelectasis and hyperinflation of the right lung were observed. This
      resulted from a short episode of misplaced endotracheal tube that produced a
      traumatic bronchial stenosis. Treatment by prednisolone allowed the detubation.

PMID- 4061015
TI  - A safe alternative to awake intubation in neonates.
AB  - The authors present a retrospective study on the safety of their induction
      technique of anaesthesia in infants less than 30 days old. The records of 197
      consecutive cases are reviewed, 47 of which concern major cardiac surgery. All
      the details of the technique are given: inhalation of halothane in O2 following a
      vagolytic premedication, spray of lidocaine 2 mg/kg on the vocal cords,
      orotracheal intubation to check adequacy of foreseen tube size, followed by
      definitive nasal intubation with the tube passed over a siliconed suction
      catheter. The results are discussed. The use of combined general and topical
      anaesthesia makes endotracheal intubation of the neonate nice and easy,
      atraumatic, well suited for training and more humane. Awake intubation should
      only be used as a resuscitative measure.

PMID- 4061017
TI  - Neonatal anesthesia in Malta. A 4-year study (1980-1983).
AB  - Out of 21,090 live births registered in the Maltese Archipelago between 1st
      January 1980 and 31st December, 1983 there were 31 cases of congenital
      abnormalities that needed emergency surgery in the first few hours of life. The
      final results obtained locally compare favourably to those registered in larger
      centres abroad.

PMID- 4061016
TI  - Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: from reduction of mortality to reduction of
      morbidity.
AB  - A prospective protocol was applied from October 1978 to December 1980 to 22
      newborns presenting with necrotizing enterocolitis (Stages II and III). The total
      mortality was 32% (7/22) with a 100% mortality in the surgical group (4/4). The
      prospective protocol was changed and applied to 53 newborns from January 81 to
      December 84, showing a decrease in total mortality: 28% (81 and 82) and 4% (1983
      and 1984), with a global mortality of zero in 1983. The main changes in the
      protocol are: Addition of metronidazole. More precocious and radical two stages
      surgical procedure. Earlier diagnostic, resuscitation and transfer to the
      surgical department. Improvement of anaesthesia and intensive care therapy.
      Duration of hospital stay fell by 50%. Despite significant intestinal resections,
      most infants were on a normal diet by the age of one year.

PMID- 4061018
TI  - Craniostenosis: the importance of the anesthesiologist.
AB  - Based on the experience with 15 patients operated for craniostenosis in our
      hospital, guidelines were determined for the anesthetic and postoperative
      management with optimal maintenance of vital parameters. Subgaleal accumulation
      of blood may cause a spectacular drop of hemoglobin level during the first
      postoperative days. Since it is better to prevent than to cure, systematic anti
      convulsive and antibiotic prophylaxis must be considered.

PMID- 4061019
TI  - Craniofaciosynostosis: anesthetic and perioperative management. Report of 71
      operations.
AB  - Faciocranial dysmorphisms are at the present time corrected during very complex
      procedures aiming at functional, esthetic and psychological improvement. The
      authors present their 9 years experience of 71 operations. The age at which those
      operations are performed is between 6 and 12 months for 14 patients (20%) and
      under 6 months for 34 patients (48%), the youngest patient being 6 weeks old. Per
      and post-operative problems are reviewed. Mean surgical time is 210 minutes. The
      anesthetic approach aims at reducing the size of the brain by the use of osmotic
      diuresis, slight hyperventilation, moderate induced hypotension and semi-sitting
      position. The hemodynamic monitoring includes for all patients an arterial line
      and a central venous catheter. Blood loss can be large and sometimes sudden; it
      amounts in average to 62% of patient's estimated blood volume (12 to 200%). The
      most frequently encountered complications are cardiac dysrhythmias (mainly
      bradycardia 15 cases), accidental venous sinus opening (2 cases), post-extubation
      glottic edema (5 cases) and postoperative cerebrospinal leak (2 cases). No long
      term sequelae persist from those incidents. There is neither infection, nor
      perioperative mortality. From those results, the authors consider that infants
      with craniofaciosynostosis can be operated upon and their dysmorphy corrected
      with a low perioperative risk. However successful prevention of complications and
      functional result depend essentially on a multidisciplinary approach, in well
      equipped hospitals.

PMID- 4061020
TI  - Patterns of ionized and total calcium in serum of children following
      suxamethonium.
AB  - Serum ionized and total calcium levels of forty children, aged 3 to 18 years,
      were studied before and after the administration of suxamethonium during
      halothane inhalation in 20 children under the age of 10 (group I) and 10 children
      over the age of 10 (group II), and during intravenous induction of anesthesia
      with pancuronium and thiopentone in 10 children over the age of 10 (group III).
      In all groups suxamethonium was followed by a small but significant (p less than
      0.02) decrease in the serum ionized calcium concentration. The fall was greater
      in group I. The serum total calcium concentration was lowered in groups II and
      III. But the decrease was only significant (p less than 0.001) in group III. In
      group I, there was a great discrepancy in the changes in serum total calcium
      concentration ranging from a fall of 0.535 mmol.l-1 to a rise of 0.680 mmol.l-1.
      The decrease in the total calcium concentration may have been caused by the
      depolarizing action of suxamethonium leading to the migration of the calcium ions
      into the muscle cells. But the changes in the ionized calcium concentration are
      more complex and may involve the movements of this ion in the cells, its binding
      to the proteins and its complexion to anions.

PMID- 4061021
TI  - Subacute subdural hematoma as the first symptom in a child with hemophilia A.
AB  - The authors reported a case of subacute subdural hematoma in a 14-month-old child
      suffering from mild hemophilia (Factor VIII, activity: 2.5%). Removal of hematoma
      under the cover of replacement therapy has been performed safely and has led to
      recovery without any clinical sequelae. Computerized tomography appeared very
      useful as an atraumatic method of examination in hemophiliacs. Discussion deals
      with the problems associated with management of intracranial hemorrhages in
      hemophiliacs and emphasizes the need of prompt adequate medical and surgical
      treatment to prevent irreversible damage to the brain.

PMID- 4061022
TI  - Temperature instability as an early predictive factor of brain death in
      paediatric near-drowning victims.
AB  - Predicting outcome after near-drowning has been extensively studied. During four
      years, 42 near drowned children were aggressively treated with positive pressure
      ventilation, barbiturates and hypothermia. This mode of treatment makes it
      difficult to clinically assess the child's prognosis. Temperature instability
      after rewarming is an early negative predictive factor following treatment of
      near-drowning, and in conjunction with cerebral flow studies avoids the potential
      commitment to prolonged and unwarranted cardiovascular and respiratory support.

PMID- 4061023
TI  - International congress on paediatric anesthesia and intensive care. Brussels,
      Belgium, September 20-21, 1985. Isoflurane. Abstracts.

PMID- 4061024
TI  - Architecture of the human gastrocnemius muscle and some functional consequences.
AB  - Measurements were performed on the m. gastrocnemius of eight human cadavers in
      order to describe, in some detail, the architecture of the muscle and its heads.
      The fibres of the lateral head contain more sarcomeres than those of the medial
      head. The effect of this difference on the length-force curve of the muscle,
      calculated with a planimetric muscle model, is diminished by the effect of the
      difference of fibre angle with respect to the line of pull of the muscle. Within
      the heads some variation of the number of sarcomeres of the proximal and distal
      fibres occurs in all muscles. In the lateral head the distal fibres contain fewer
      sarcomeres than the proximal fibres. In the medial head this is also found in
      some heads, while others show the reverse. In the lateral head the longer fibres
      have smaller angles of attachment to the tendon plate and vice versa, while in
      the medial heads this relationship is only found occasionally. Some variation in
      the number of sarcomeres is found in the fibres of one bundle. The effects of
      variations in the number of sarcomeres on the length-force curve are probably
      insignificant at greater muscle lengths, but may have some importance for the
      individual with relatively small muscle lengths.

PMID- 4061025
TI  - [Anatomical separation and clinical importance of two different parts of the
      vastus medialis muscle].
AB  - In 32 corpses, either fresh or fixed, the deviations of the two heads (musculus
      vastus medialis longus and musculus vastus medialis obliquus) of the vastus
      medialis muscle from the long axis of the femur were measured. The deviations
      were between 15 and 18 degrees medially for the m. vastus medialis longus and
      between 46 and 52 degrees medially for the m. vastus medialis obliquus.
      Anatomical dissections of the vastus medialis muscle in 115 fixed thigh specimens
      could always demonstrate a clear separation between a long head of the muscle
      that inserts at the base (m. vastus medialis longus) and a short head (m. vastus
      medialis obliquus) that inserts at the medial margin of the patella. The plane of
      separation could be identified by a femoral nerve's branch in every case. In 17
      instances the nerve's localization was superficial, in 57 in an areolar fascial
      plane, and in the depth between the muscles in 41 instances. The ramification of
      the femoral nerve's branch that runs along the separation plane showed four types
      of variation. With these investigations it was possible to distinguish between
      two individual heads of the vastus medialis muscle not only with regard to its
      function, but also to its anatomy.

PMID- 4061026
TI  - Structures passing through the triangular space of the human upper limb.
AB  - Structures passing through the triangular space of the human upper limb have been
      studied in 50 upper limbs from 25 cadavers. In all the specimens used in this
      study, a branch of the circumflex scapular artery with an accompanying vein was
      found to pass through this space.

PMID- 4061027
TI  - A scanning electron microscopic study of the dorsal surface of the human tongue.
AB  - To study the dorsal surface of the human tongue using a scanning electron
      microscopy (SEM), tissue specimens were taken from the anterior part of the
      tongues of 15 individuals aged from 21- to 28-years-old. The formalin-fixed
      samples were processed routinely for SEM. With SEM the surface of the normal
      tongue mucosa was shown to be rather evenly covered by filiform papillae, with
      some fungiform papillae scattered among them. Filiform papillae consisted of two
      parts: the body and hairs. The mucosal surface of the body was smooth; the
      squamous epithelial cells were polygonal, and their boundaries were prominent. On
      the surface of the superficial epithelial cells were parallel or branching
      microplicae. Each filiform papilla had 6-10 hairs, which were scaled and covered
      by an extensive plaque of microorganism. The upper surface of the fungiform
      papillae was smooth; only a few desquamating cells were seen. The superficial
      cells had a pitted appearance and cell boundaries overlapped. Taste pores, up to
      3 pores in a single papilla, were found on the upper surface. Desquamation was
      more pronounced on the base of the fungiform papillae than on the upper surface.
      In almost all fungiform papillae some hairs protruded from the base. Parallel
      microplicae were found on the surface of the superficial cells of the base. The
      structure and function of the human tongue, as well as the microplicae of its
      superficial cells, are compared to those of various species of animals.

PMID- 4061028
TI  - Ultrastructure of the neural basal lamina in loop-tail mice.
AB  - Ultrastructural features of the neural basal lamina were studied by means of the
      tannic acid and ruthenium red techniques in normal and abnormal dysraphic loop
      tail mice at 9-11 days of gestation. With ruthenium red, the configuration of the
      neural basal lamina is similar in both normal and abnormal embryos at 9-11 days.
      However, differences were detected in the abnormal 9-day embryos processed with
      tannic acid, as compared with normal littermates. These include irregularities in
      the lamina rara externa, as well as differences in the staining pattern of the
      neuroepithelial cell plasma membrane. By 11 days of gestation, the lamina rara
      externa of the normal embryos shows features similar to those observed in the 9
      day abnormal embryos.

PMID- 4061029
TI  - Study of arterial patterns of the hand in primates. Deep palmar arterial arches
      and their correlating arteries in Macaca fuscata.
AB  - Study of the arterial patterns of the hand in Macaca fuscata, especially those of
      the deep palmar arterial arches and their correlating arteries, by three
      dimensional arteriographic analysis revealed the following: (1) The deep palmar
      arterial arches are formed by the perforating branches of the 2nd dorsal
      metacarpal artery, and they are usually composed of two proximal arches (catella
      volaris proximalis and arcus volaris profundus) and one distal arch (catella
      volaris distalis). (2) In the 3rd and 4th metacarpal interosseous spaces, the
      intermetacarpal arteries arise from the catella volaris proximalis, and the arcus
      volaris profundus has palmar metacarpal arteries which descend along the palmar
      side of each metacarpal bone. (3) There is a definite regularity in the formation
      of the intermetacarpal arteries between the catella volaris proximalis and the
      catella volaris distalis and of the palmar metacarpal arteries between the arcus
      volaris profundus and the catella volaris distalis.

PMID- 4061030
TI  - Embryonal hypermobility and articular development.
AB  - This investigation was devised to correlate development of the articular system
      of the embryo with variations of motility by introducing reserpine to chick
      embryos at a Hamburger-Hamilton stage 25-26. Administration of reserpine was
      followed by hypermotility or paralysis in a dose-dependent fashion. Size of joint
      cavities varies with motility of the limbs. Larger than normal cavities are due
      to excess movements, while lack of these impedes differentiation. These data are
      consistent with the primary role of motility in articular development.

PMID- 4061031
TI  - The epithelium of uterine biopsies from cyclic dairy cattle: ultrastructure and
      endocytotic activity.
AB  - An ultrastructural description of the epithelium of bovine uterine biopsies
      obtained during the oestrous cycle, implying lysosome characterization for acid
      phosphatase by incubation, was undertaken. By means of cationized ferritin (CF)
      experiments, it was determined whether apical vesicles in the non-ciliated
      surface epithelial cells were involved in endocytosis. The uterine surface
      epithelium as well as the glandular epithelium comprised ciliated cells and non
      ciliated cells. The non-ciliated cell type performed a cyclic activity implying a
      higher occurrence of apical vesicles and greater size of the Golgi complexes at 7
      and 14 days post-oestrum than at oestrus. This variation was pronounced in the
      glandular epithelium and less distinct in the surface epithelium. The apical
      vesicles in the non-ciliated surface epithelial cells were involved in
      endocytosis. The relative endocytotic activity, i.e., the proportion of CF
      labelled structures, was low 7 days post-oestrum and high at oestrus. At the
      latter cycle stage CF particles were observed in apical vesicles, vacuoles,
      cisternal structures and bodies of similar morphology such as lysosomes showing
      reaction products after incubation for acid phosphatase. With increasing
      incubation time a shift in CF labelling from apical vesicles to lysosomes was
      noticed.

PMID- 4061032
TI  - Comparison of the effects of barbiturate and ethanol given to neonates on the
      cerebellar morphology.
AB  - Previous studies from different laboratories have suggested that neonatal
      exposure to barbiturate and ethanol induces long-term changes in cerebellar
      morphology. The present study was designed to compare in similar conditions the
      effect of neonatal exposure to maximal doses of barbiturate or ethanol on
      cerebellar morphology. Phenobarbital was administered via daily injections of 50
      mg/kg on neonatal days 2-21 (B group). Ethanol was similarly administered in
      doses of 3 g/kg (E3g) and the submaximal dose of 2 g/kg (E2g). At age 50 days,
      the cerebella of treated and control offspring were subjected to histological
      analysis. The sagittal areas of the cerebellar layers were similarly reduced
      compared to controls in both B and E3g groups. In addition, B and E3g groups
      exhibited a similar deficit in the number of the cerebellar Purkinje and granule
      neurons. As barbiturate and E3g, a submaximal dose of ethanol (B2g) induced a
      deficit in the number of cerebellar Purkinje cells. However, it did not affect
      the granule cells and the area of the cerebellar layers. The results suggest that
      under standardized conditions, barbiturate and ethanol have a similar potent
      neurotoxic effect on the cerebellum. That is, they both impair the development of
      the cerebellar layers to a similar extent and destroy neurons even after they
      have already formed.

PMID- 4061033
TI  - Development of otoconia in the embryonic chick (Gallus domesticus).
AB  - In the chick (Gallus domesticus) embryo, otoconium formation started first over
      the macula sacculi around the 4th day of incubation, and a day later over the
      macula utriculi. It was determined that each otoconium formed as a result of the
      segmentation of the immature otolithic membrane, and that the calcium responsible
      for otoconium calcification was incorporated into the organic matrix of each
      otoconium in the form of small electron-dense granules (20-150 nm in diameter).
      The presence of calcium in these granules was confirmed by histochemical staining
      with osmic-potassium pyroantimonate, by EDTA chelation, and by X-ray
      microanalysis under the electron microscope.

PMID- 4061034
TI  - Morphometry of monocytes of human blood.
AB  - Morphometric methods have been used to analyse the ultrastructural
      characteristics of human blood monocytes in 20 normal adults. Data were obtained
      relating to whole cell, nucleus and mitochondria and, using a method not
      previously applied to blood cells, for the distribution of heterochromatin and
      euchromatin. The results provide a normal baseline against which monocyte changes
      in disease can be assessed.

PMID- 4061035
TI  - Placentation in the opossum, Didelphis virginiana.
AB  - For the first 9 days of gestation, opossum embryos float in uterine secretions,
      separated from maternal tissues by a shell membrane. Each embryo is part of the
      wall of its hollow embryonic sphere. By the 10th day of development, the embryo
      becomes enveloped by both the amnion and yolk-sac. The yolk-sac consists of
      vascular and non-vascular portions and, together with the surrounding
      trophectoderm (trophoblast), forms the yolk-sac placenta of the opossum: the
      allantois does not contribute to formation of the placenta. The vascular portion
      of the yolk-sac placenta establishes an intimate relationship with the uterine
      epithelium soon after loss of the shell membrane. The yolk-sac placenta is non
      invasive. Cells of the trophoblast exhibit numerous microvilli, an apical
      endocytic complex and the lateral and basal cell membrane are elaborately folded.
      These features suggest a cell that is active in the transport of materials.
      Junctional complexes between cells of the trophoblast and uterine epithelium were
      not observed. The uterine epithelium changes from ciliated pseudostratified
      columnar with few infoldings of lateral and basal cell membranes, to non-ciliated
      simple columnar in which these membranes show elaborate infoldings. The cells
      show numerous inclusions and mitochondria are polarized to the basal half of the
      cell. These features suggest a cell that also is active in the transport of
      materials.

PMID- 4061036
TI  - Ultrastructure of the rat pineal stalk.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the rat pineal stalk was described. The pineal stalk
      contained few pinealocytes, glial cells and numerous nerve fibers. The last were
      mostly non-myelinated axons, although a few myelinated ones were also observed.
      Glial cells showed many filaments, mostly in the processes which presented a
      longitudinal orientation. Other more lamellar processes were found enclosing the
      axons. The pineal stalk became wider as it reached the body of the gland.
      Ultrastructurally, this wide region resembled more the pineal body. Bundles of
      non-myelinated nerve fibers were seen around the pineal stalk.

PMID- 4061037
TI  - Structural changes in rat hepatocytes following ingestion of sugar solutions.
AB  - The present investigation describes the structural changes in rat hepatocytes
      following the ingestion of 3% solutions of the dietary sugars sucrose, fructose,
      fructose/glucose, or glucose. The most striking changes occurred in rats that
      drank large amounts of sucrose where large areas of rarefied hyaloplasm isolated
      islands of cellular organelles. Similar but less dramatic effects were seen in
      hepatocytes of animals that drank moderate amounts of sucrose, fructose, or a
      combination of glucose and fructose. In contrast, the hepatocytes of animals that
      drank the 3% glucose solution did not display the rarefied hyaloplasm or
      disorientation of cellular organelles and resembled the hepatocytes of control
      animals. It is proposed that ingestion of large amounts of fructose results in a
      build-up of fructose-1-phosphate in the liver, thereby disturbing the osmotic
      equilibrium of hepatocytes and causing the structural changes noted.

PMID- 4061038
TI  - Morphometric study of the mandibular condyle of the rat during postnatal
      development.
AB  - A morphometric technique for the use of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of the
      rat as an experimental model was developed to study TMJ growth from birth to 120
      days of age. Experimental conditions for the reduction and embedding of the
      specimen, as well as for data collection were standardized. Morphometric data
      were obtained from projected drawings and the areas occupied by the various
      structures were determined by counting points with a specially constructed
      integration grid. The areas occupied by the layers making up the mandibular
      condyle remained relatively constant, forming an architectural pattern from the
      30th postnatal day on. Between the 10th and 30th day they underwent modifications
      interpreted to be functional adaptations conditioned by changes in the animal's
      feeding habits.

PMID- 4061040
TI  - Craniofacial growth in patients with craniosynostosis.
AB  - With the growing appreciation that traditional cephalographic analyses provide
      data of dubious scientific validity, this study was undertaken to investigate
      craniofacial growth using the technique of biorthogonal analysis. This specific
      technique for the analysis of shape change showed relatively minor contrasts
      between control and craniosynostotic patients between 6 and 10 years of age. By
      contrast, marked variation was noted within component regions of the craniofacial
      skeletons in both patient samples: a feature not evident from traditional
      cephalographic analyses.

PMID- 4061039
TI  - Mitotic activity and its 24-hour rhythm in the ovarian follicles during the
      estrous cycle of a wild rat, Bandicota bengalensis.
AB  - Mitotic activity in ovarian follicles was studied in relation to the size of the
      follicles during a 24-hour period (10.00, 16.00, 22.00 and 04.00 h) throughout
      the estrous cycle of the wild bandicoot rat (Bandicota bengalensis) to ascertain
      the cell proliferation rate and its 24-hour rhythm in the follicular tissue. In
      the bandicoot ovary, mitotic activity in the granulosa and thecal cells was
      highest in the follicles ranging from 201 to 400 micron in diameter. During the
      estrous cycle, mitotic activity of the granulosa cells was highest at estrus in
      follicles less than 601 micron, and at diestrus in follicles greater than 600
      micron; while the mitotic trough was at proestrus in all the follicles. Thecal
      mitosis was significantly lower than mitosis of the granulosa cells. In most of
      the follicles, mitotic activity in the thecal cells was highest at diestrus and
      lowest at metestrus. In both the granulosa and thecal cells, the timing of
      mitotic peaks and troughs varied according to the size of the follicles and the
      stages of the estrous cycle. In the granulosa cells mitotic peaks were maximal in
      the daytime (10.00 h, 16.00 h) and in some cases at night (04.00 h); and mitotic
      troughs were primarily during the night (22.00 h, 04.00 h) and in some cases in
      the day (10.00 h). In the thecal cells, however, mitotic activity in most of the
      follicles was distinctly higher in the daytime (16.00 h) than at night (22.00 h,
      i.e., evening). Thus, a prominent 24-hour mitotic rhythm was noticed in the
      ovarian follicles of the bandicoot rat.

PMID- 4061041
TI  - Methylene blue and organised differentiation in the chick embryo.
AB  - The sub-blastodermal administration of methylene blue at 17 h of incubation gives
      rise to a mosaic of neuroectodermal differentiation with a disruption of the
      neural axis at 40 h of incubation. These features appear to be due to the rapid
      and direct movement of this dye into all the cells of the chick embryo
      blastoderm, and its binding and breakdown of the cytoplasmic ribose nucleotides,
      due to which neural tube formation is completely inhibited. The findings are
      confirmed by combined copper sulphate and methylene blue treatment, as copper is
      a powerful catalyst of methylene blue activity and binds with RNA.

PMID- 4061042
TI  - Myelination in the chorda tympani of the postnatal rat: a quantitative electron
      microscope study.
AB  - We determined the course of myelination of the chorda tympani in rats aged from 4
      to 30-days-old, the interval of the most rapid developmental changes in
      neurophysiological taste responses and behavioral discrimination among chemical
      stimuli. The overall number of axons in rats aged from 16- to 30-days-old and in
      mature 120-day-old animals were the same and averaged 1,500. By 30 days, rats had
      80% of the total number of myelinated axons observed in adults, but the average
      thickness of the myelin sheath per neuron and the proportion of the total cross
      sectional area that were only about 60% of adult values. Observed increases in
      myelination closely parallel decreasing response latencies of single chorda
      tympani fibers to tongue stimulation with salts.

PMID- 4061043
TI  - Structural study on the effect of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on epiphyseal growth
      plate in suckling mice.
AB  - The in vivo effects of 24,25(OH)2D3 on cellular structure and organization,
      matrix metachromasia and mineralization were studied in epiphyseal growth plate
      of normal neonatal mice. A relatively low dose of the metabolite, 40 ng/kg body
      weight, significantly increased the overall size of humeral growth plate and the
      zone of cellular proliferation. By and large, the tissue's response to the
      metabolite did not change with the increase in dose administered except for a
      decrease in the number of chondroblasts. 24,25(OH)2D3 led to significant
      increases in the metachromatic reaction of the cartilaginous matrix, but appeared
      to depress the mineralization process. Qualitative structural changes were noted
      in chondroblasts and hypertrophic chondrocytes. 24,25(OH)2D3 affected the
      osteoblastic and osteocytic populations of cells in the metaphysis and diaphysis
      of the humerus. High doses of 24,25(OH)2D3 brought about distinct atrophic
      changes in the above cells. These findings indicate that excessive doses of
      24,25(OH)2D3 in an intact animal may lead to retardative effects upon bone
      growth.

PMID- 4061044
TI  - A new method in computer-assisted imaging in neuroanatomy.
AB  - A procedure is described yielding computed images of postmortem brains with high
      topographic accuracy. Structures of the brain are traced and registered by means
      of a digitizer capable of measuring coordinates three-dimensionally. The
      information corresponding to one brain model is stored on a flexible disk with a
      capacity of 256 Kbytes. According to the output desired, the resulting brain
      images are either completely or partially displayed on the computer screen as
      stereo pairs. The brain models possess a local fidelity of about 1 mm. The images
      are useful in simultaneously studying superficial and central parts of the brain,
      spatial relationships of the various structures and the projection of deep
      structures onto the surface of the brain. A RAM of about 100 Kbytes is necessary
      for a program enabling the user to perform stereo projections, three-dimensional
      transformations and other image manipulations. The special features of anatomical
      computer imaging as compared to computed tomography (CT) and nuclear magnetic
      resonance imaging (NMR) are outlined. A combination of these different techniques
      seems to improve clinical diagnosis.

PMID- 4061045
TI  - Effects of serum, fibroblast growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor on
      explants of rat tail tendon: a morphological study.
AB  - Eighteen tail tendon fascicles were explanted from a 40-day postpartum rat and
      maintained in both serum-supplemented and serum-free Eagle's minimal essential
      medium for 2 weeks. Epitendon and paratendon connective tissues were excluded
      from these explants. Tendon fibroblasts maintained in serum-supplemented medium
      proliferated and synthesized collagen. Tendon fibroblasts explanted in serum-free
      medium remained viable but did not proliferate. Fibroblast growth factor and
      platelet-derived growth factor were shown to stimulate proliferation of mature
      tendon fibroblasts in serum-free medium.

PMID- 4061047
TI  - Campylobacter strains isolated from slaughtered chickens: their sensitivity to
      antibiotics and resistance to erythromycin.
AB  - Antibiograms for 304 Campylobacter strains isolated in Csongrad county from
      slaughtered chickens in the years 1981 to 1983 were determined with the disk-agar
      diffusion method. The isolates, originating from two poultry-processing plants
      and two canteen kitchens proved to be sensitive to nalidixic acid,
      chloramphenicol, gentamicin and nitrofurantoin and resistant to penicillin. The
      antibiogram depended on the source of samples and, to a higher degree, on the
      year of sampling. The frequency of strains resistant to erythromycin was 5.7% in
      1981 and 39.8% in 1983; for the resistant strains the minimum inhibiting
      concentration was greater than 250 micrograms erythromycin per ml. In the same
      periods 25.0% and 32.8% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline and 23.3%
      and 49.2% to lincomycin, respectively. Simultaneous resistance to tetracycline,
      lincomycin and erythromycin occurred in 16.4% of the isolates.

PMID- 4061046
TI  - Influence of fixative on the fine structure of mouse odontoblasts: a study on
      undemineralized tissue.
AB  - The present report describes techniques of fixation and embedding suitable for
      studying the fine structure of odontoblasts without demineralization. The quality
      of the procedures employed was verified by comparing the ultrastructural
      preservation of the odontoblasts prepared by simple fixation and by the double
      fixation method. Simple fixation by immersion in osmium tetroxide in vacuum
      preserves the longitudinal arrangement of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and
      Golgi apparatus, showing various vesicles which often contain filamentous threads
      of weak electron density aligned in parallel at repeating intervals typical of
      odontoblastic cells. The results obtained with this method are compared to
      previous descriptions of the ultrastructure of odontoblasts.

PMID- 4061048
TI  - Staphylococcus aureus Tour, a selectively mouse-pathogenic strain for
      experimental chemotherapeutic study (a note).
AB  - Staphylococcus aureus Tour is a unique strain. It is highly pathogenic to mice
      but not to other laboratory animals and primates. This selective pathogenicity
      makes it useful for experimental chemotherapeutic studies. Since it is highly
      specialized for mice, it imitates the natural course of infection and produces
      death after intraperitoneal infection of a relatively few cells even when
      suspended in isotonic saline. This strain has been found to be very sensitive
      (MIC's) to various beta-lactams and gentamicin as well as useful for infection
      protection studies in mice (ED50's) with a series of cephalosporins.

PMID- 4061049
TI  - Regional cerebral blood flow and CSF pressures during the Cushing response
      induced by an infratentorial expanding mass.
AB  - An experimental study was carried out in eight dogs to investigate whether the
      Cushing response (CR) during intracranial hypertension is due to pressure per se,
      tissue distortion, or ischemia in the brain stem. To minimize the effects of
      rostrocaudal displacement, intracranial pressure was raised by an expanding mass
      lesion located in the posterior fossa. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was
      measured with radioactive microspheres and compartmental cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) pressures were recorded during the CR which was induced by the continuous
      inflation at a constant rate of an infratentorial epidural rubber balloon in two
      groups of four dogs. In one group (A) rCBF was measured at the onset of the CR
      and in the other group (B) at the peak of the systemic blood pressure rise. In
      the animals of group A blood flow in the mesencephalon, pons and upper medulla
      oblongata was reduced from control values by 32%, 57% and 85% respectively. In
      group B blood flow in the same areas did not differ significantly from pre
      inflation values. In contrast, the recorded balloon volume, which was assumed to
      be an index of mechanical distortion of the brain stem, varied considerably at
      the beginning of the blood pressure rise (from 2.5 to 4.7% of the calculated
      intracranial space). Similarly, CSF pressure in the posterior fossa at the onset
      of the CR also varied considerably (from 52 to 117 mmHg). Thus, the large
      quantitative variations meant that both absolute pressure and tissue distortion
      were poor predictors of the onset of the CR. The findings suggest that ischemia,
      rather than brain stem distortion per se or pressure by itself, is responsible
      for the initiation of the CR. The rise in blood pressure elicited during the CR
      seems capable of restoring blood flow in the brain stem back to control values.

PMID- 4061050
TI  - Effects of prolonged supratentorial mass expansion on regional blood flow and
      cardiovascular parameters during the Cushing response.
AB  - To clarify the central nervous and the cardiovascular mechanisms mediating the
      Cushing response (CR) during intracranial hypertension, the effects of continuous
      and prolonged expansion of an epidural supratentorial balloon was studied in six
      dogs. Regional cerebral blood flow, cardiac output, extracerebral tissue blood
      flow and regional vascular resistance were measured with radioactive microspheres
      before and during the CR while heart rate, arterial blood pressure and ECG were
      continuously recorded. The results showed that balloon expansion led
      progressively to cerebrospinal ischemia beginning in the cerebrum and progressing
      to the pons, medulla oblongata and spinal cord in an orderly rostro-caudal
      fashion. This progressing ischemia was closely associated with patterned and
      stereotyped changes in cardiovascular indices. Thus, respiration ceased, heart
      rate decreased, blood pressure increased and cardiac output fell when the
      ischemia appeared in the lower pons. Further advancement of the ischemic front to
      the lower medulla oblongata led to an abrupt switch-over from bradycardia to
      tachycardia, which persisted until the experiment was terminated. Since
      bradycardia disappeared when ischemia reached the vagal cardiomotor nucleus, the
      initial bradycardia appeared to be the result of increased vagal discharge. When
      ischemia reached the pons, the mean arterial pressure rose to a maximum of 245 mm
      Hg (+/- 45) but then fell progressively when the ischemia reached the spinal
      cord. The decrease in cardiac output persisted throughout the CR and was
      associated with decreased flow in most extracerebral organs. Exceptions were the
      heart muscle and the adrenal medulla in which blood flow increased considerably.
      Changes in regional vascular resistance reciprocated the changes in flow. These
      results suggest that the vasomotor component of the CR is brought about entirely
      by peripheral vasoconstriction.

PMID- 4061051
TI  - Long-term study of gamma-vinyl GABA in the treatment of epilepsy.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term efficacy and
      tolerability of gamma-vinyl GABA (GVG) in the treatment of epilepsy. 36 patients
      with severe therapy resistant epilepsies participated, the majority exhibiting
      complex partial seizures. The mean follow-up period was 9.3 months. GVG was
      administered as add-on therapy, to keep serum levels of concomitant treatment
      constant. The mean dose of GVG was 2.6 g's per day. Fifty-six per cent of the
      patients, including three patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, experienced
      more than a 50% reduction in seizure frequency. No signs of tolerance development
      to the antiepileptic effect of GVG was demonstrated. Two patients were withdrawn
      from GVG treatment due to increased seizure frequency, and two due to side
      effects in the form of vomiting and nausea. Incidentally, the side effects
      observed were harmless and transient. Fifty per cent of the patients experienced
      no side effects at all. GVG seems to be a valuable antiepileptic compound. The
      results of this long-term study confirm observations from several short
      controlled trials.

PMID- 4061052
TI  - Multiple sclerosis in the two northernmost counties of Norway.
AB  - The prevalence of MS in the two northernmost counties of Norway increased from
      20.6 per 100,000 in 1973 to 31.5 per 100,000 in 1983, the increase being most
      marked in women. The average annual incidence seems to have been stable over the
      past 20-30 years. None of the patients had a pure Lapp background (having a Lapp
      mother and father).

PMID- 4061053
TI  - Isoprenoid biosynthesis in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Recently discovered metabolites in urine have suggested a defect of isoprenoid
      metabolism in multiple sclerosis. Lymphocyte HMG-CoA reductase was found
      unaffected however, and so was lymphocyte biosynthesis of geraniol, farnesol and
      squalene from mevalonolactone. The level of dolichol in white matter of an MS
      brain was similar to that of a control sample. Serum ubiquinone, on the other
      hand, was decreased in multiple sclerosis. Ubiquinone in serum was both age
      dependent and related to serum cholesterol. Active as well as stable MS displayed
      a decreased level of serum ubiquinone, and a reduced ubiquinone-cholesterol
      ratio. These results are compatible with a deficient ubiquinone biosynthesis in
      multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 4061054
TI  - Non-familial, spinal segmental muscular atrophy in juvenile and young subjects.
AB  - Thirty-two cases of juvenile and adult onset, non-familial, spinal, segmental
      muscular atrophy seen in two widely separated geographical regions of India were
      studied over the last 15 years. The characteristic features were: the non
      familial, non-endemic nature, the strictly segmental distribution from the
      clinical and EMG point of view, which involved either distal or proximal segments
      of one upper or lower extremity, the absence of involvement of cranial nerves of
      the pyramidal, sensory and autonomic nervous system, the very high male
      predilection and the very insidious progression. No definitive etiological
      factors could be incriminated.

PMID- 4061055
TI  - Autoradiographic visualization of extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors in
      whole human biceps brachii muscle. Changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
AB  - The morphological distribution of acetylcholine receptors in the whole biceps
      brachii muscle from a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and from a
      control patient was studied by in vitro autoradiography with 3H-alpha
      bungarotoxin (alpha-Btx). In ALS, 3H-alpha-Btx binding occurred over the entire
      muscle, while in the control case the binding was restricted to the motor end
      plate region.

PMID- 4061056
TI  - Peripheral nerves in Fisher's syndrome.
AB  - A case is presented of a 33-year-old male with ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and
      areflexia followed by complete recovery. There was no clinical evidence of motor
      weakness or sensory disturbances in the limbs. Electromyography and nerve
      conduction studies were normal. Sural nerve biopsy during the sixth week of
      illness revealed no abnormalities.

PMID- 4061057
TI  - Supravaginal uterine amputation versus hysterectomy with reference to subjective
      bladder symptoms and incontinence.
AB  - Studies on postoperative symptoms of hysterectomy have devoted scarcely any
      attention to malfunctioning micturition and pressure sensation in the bladder
      region. Postoperative occurrence of incontinence is mentioned in some studies.
      Preoperatively, 33.3% of abdominal hysterectomy patients and 38.3% of patients
      with supravaginal uterine amputation complained of pressure sensation in the
      bladder region; one year after operation the corresponding percentages were 9.6
      and 10.3. Prior to the operation, a sensation of residual urine after micturition
      occurred in 28.6% of hysterectomy patients and 35.5% of supravaginal amputation
      patients; at 1 year postoperatively these figures were 22.1 and 10.3%
      respectively. The decrease in the supravaginal amputation group is statistically
      highly significant. Preoperative incontinence occurred in 36.2% of hysterectomy
      and 47.7% of supravaginal amputation patients. Twelve months postoperatively the
      values were 28.8 and 22.6% respectively, the decrease in the supravaginal
      amputation group being again statistically highly significant. Development of log
      linear models for both groups gave interactions "earlier urinary tract
      infections/sensation of residual urine" and "earlier urinary tract
      infections/incontinence". Thus the greater reduction in the symptoms in the
      supravaginal amputation group appears to result rather from the type of operation
      than from the differences in the two patient groups.

PMID- 4061058
TI  - A prospective study of drug use, smoking and contraceptives during early
      pregnancy.
AB  - In a prospective study, 2436 women were interviewed regarding contraceptive
      technique used before pregnancy, on drug use, exposure to X-rays, smoking habits,
      and vaginal bleeding during the first 17 weeks of pregnancy. The study was
      conducted in Malmo during 1979 and early 1980. The study, compared with two
      similar Swedish studies made in 1963-65 in Malmo and a multicenter study from
      1973-74, shows a drastic reduction of psychotropic drug use, from 13.5% to 3.0%
      and of hormone use from 3.75 to 1.1%. The use of analgetics, however, shows an
      increase, from 27% to 60.7%. For antibiotic and antihistamine use there is little
      or no difference. The study shows no connection between drug use and fetal
      malformation. Smoking habits have changed--the number of non-smokers is the same
      but the proportion of heavy smokers (more than 10 cigs/day) has decreased from
      8.9% to 1.5%. 18 (0.8%) women become pregnant while using oral contraceptives and
      13 (0.5%) with an IUD in place.

PMID- 4061059
TI  - Cyclical mood changes as in the premenstrual tension syndrome during sequential
      estrogen-progestagen postmenopausal replacement therapy.
AB  - The etiology of the cyclical mood changes seen in the premenstrual syndrome is
      still unknown. A close relation to the luteal phase has been shown. One of the
      differences between the follicular and the luteal phase is the higher plasma
      progesterone concentration during the luteal phase. The present investigation has
      been conducted to study the effect of exogenously administered estrogen/gestagen
      sequential postmenopausal replacement therapy on mood and physical signs. Twenty
      two women requiring postmenopausal estrogen treatment were recruited and divided
      into two groups. Eleven women were given estradiol treatment only (Oestrogel
      creme 3 mg percutaneously/day) for 21 days with a subsequent break of 7 days. The
      other 11 women were in addition given progestagen (Lynestrenol, Orgametril 5
      mg/day) during the last 11 days of treatment. The women were asked to keep a
      daily record of their mood, using a visual analogue scale earlier tested in women
      with premenstrual syndrome. They also kept a record of physical signs and sexual
      feelings. The records were kept for between one and 6 months. The group with
      estrogen treatment only did not show any cyclical worsening in mood or physical
      signs during the treatment. The women who in the latter stage of the estrogen
      treatment cycle also received progestagen, showed significant cyclicity in both
      moods and physical signs, with a maximum symptom degree during the final days of
      gestagen treatment. The negative mood change started 1-3 days after the
      progestagen was added to the treatment. The results suggest that progestagens are
      involved in the provocation of cyclical symptom changes seen in the premenstrual
      syndrome.

PMID- 4061061
TI  - The effects of vaginal repair on anterior bladder suspension defects. A
      radiological and clinical evaluation.
AB  - In 22 patients with anterior bladder suspension defect as judged by colpocysto
      urethrography (CCU) a vaginal repair was undertaken. In 14 patients urinary
      stress or urge and stress incontinence was the indication for operation, and in
      8, genital prolapse. At follow-up more than 6 months postoperatively the CCU was
      repeated and a clinical evaluation undertaken. A normalization of the CCU was
      obtained in only 6 patients and 10 showed a less severe suspension defect. Nine
      of 14 patients were cured of incontinence. Only 3 of these had a normal follow-up
      CCU. Improvement of bladder suspension defect was not the sole responsible factor
      for postoperative continence. Urinary incontinence developed postoperatively in 2
      of 8 patients operated on solely because of symptomatic genital prolapse. Very
      high cure rates for urinary incontinence have been reported following a
      colposuspension operation. A vaginal repair is not recommended as first-choice
      operation in incontinent females with anterior bladder suspension defects, if a
      CCU may be undertaken and the colposuspension technique is mastered.

PMID- 4061060
TI  - Side and site of deep vein thrombosis in women using oral contraceptives.
AB  - The anatomy of the thrombus in acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in women using
      oral contraceptives was studied in 277 reports on DVT received by the Swedish
      Adverse Drug Reaction Advisory Committee (SADRAC). The study revealed a
      similarity between the anatomy of DVT in women on oral contraceptives and that of
      DVT in pregnant women, suggesting a pharmacologic influence of the hormones in
      the pill on the pathogenesis of DVT in women on oral contraceptives. The anatomy
      of DVT in women on low-estrogen pills was identical with that of DVT in women on
      high-estrogen pills, suggesting an identical pharmacologic influence of the two
      types of pill on the pathogenesis of DVT in women on oral contraceptives.

PMID- 4061062
TI  - Pericardial effusion in advanced ovarian carcinoma. A literature review and
      report of two cases.
AB  - The incidence of all categories of metastatic cancer to the heart is rising, as
      antineoplastic treatment results in longer survival. Malignant pericardial
      effusion in ovarian carcinoma has only been described at autopsy. In this report
      two cases of this condition diagnosed in vivo are presented, together with a
      review of the diagnosis and treatment of this complication of neoplastic disease.

PMID- 4061063
TI  - Ciliated adenocarcinoma of the endometrium.
AB  - Two cases of ciliated endometrial adenocarcinoma which came to attention in less
      than one year are described. This entity deserves emphasis, as its ciliation may
      distract from its histological malignant features. Association of cilia with
      atypical nuclear features in the same cell is the diagnostic characteristic which
      distinguishes it from non-ciliated adenocarcinoma overrunning non-malignant
      ciliated endometrium. The ultrastructural detail of the cilia of malignant cells
      does not differ from that of non-malignant endometrial glandular epithelium. Our
      cases raise the question of a possible association of estrogenic effect with
      ciliated endometrial adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 4061064
TI  - Cholesterol esterification in human secretory endometrium and in endometrial
      cancer tissue. Demonstration of microsomal acyl-CoA-cholesterol acyl-transferase
      (ACAT) activity.
AB  - Human secretory endometrium and endometrial cancer tissue both contain acyl
      CoA:cholesterol-acyltransferase (ACAT). The optimal assay conditions for
      measuring ACAT activity in microsomes prepared from these tissues were
      determined. The activity in normal secretory endometrium was 15.3 +/- 1.27 pmol
      cholesteryl ester formed per mg protein-1 per min-1, whereas 3 out of 4
      endometrial cancers had 3-7-fold higher ACAT activity.

PMID- 4061065
TI  - X-ray pelvimetry and trial of labor after previous cesarean section. A
      prospective study.
AB  - The benefits of X-ray pelvimetry and electronic monitoring of fetal heart rate
      and intra-uterine pressure were studied prospectively in order to predict the
      likelihood of a successful vaginal birth after previous cesarean section (CS). In
      1982, a total of 369 parturients (7% of all deliveries) who had previously
      undergone CS were studied. Trial of labor (TL) was allowed in 160 cases (43.4%)
      and planned repeat CS was performed in 209 patients (56.6%). Patients in the TL
      group were compared with a matched control group. One hundred and fifty patients
      (94%) in the TL group gave birth by the vaginal route. There were no differences
      in the duration of the first and second stage of labor, duration of ruptured
      membranes (ROM), maternal blood loss or the incidence of CS and vacuum extraction
      between the TL group and the control group. Rates of low Apgar score (less than
      7) at 1 and 5 min were the same in both groups. Intensive fetal monitoring during
      the course of labor, together with X-ray pelvimetry in selected cases, markedly
      reduced the incidence of acute repeat CS with no change in the overall rate of
      successful vaginal delivery compared with our previous results.

PMID- 4061066
TI  - The effect on the human uterus of two newly developed competitive inhibitors of
      oxytocin and vasopressin.
AB  - In order to develop inhibitors of vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OXY) action on
      uterine activity, 1-deaminated vasotocin derivatives with modifications at
      positions 2, 4 and 8 were developed. Two of the most effective analogues in the
      rat, 1-deamino-2-D-Tyr(OEt)-4-Val-8-Orn-vasotocin (dE-VVT) and 1-deamino-2-D
      Tyr(OEt)-4-Thr-8-Orn-vasotocin (dE-TVT) were now tested on human nonpregnant
      myometrium obtained at hysterectomy in fertile age and on pregnant myometrial
      tissue obtained at elective cesarean section. The effect was compared with that
      of a previously synthesized analogue 1-deamino-Tyr(OEt)-oxytocin (dE-OXY) which
      has already been tested in nonpregnant and pregnant women in vivo. Both of the
      new analogues competitively inhibited the action of the posterior pituitary
      hormones. On the nonpregnant uterus dE-VVT was about five times and dE-TVT almost
      twenty-five times more potent than dE-OXY in inhibiting the effects of VP. On
      pregnant myometrium, dE-TVT inhibited oxytocin action about as effectively as a
      five-fold stronger concentration of dE-OXY, and dE-VVT slightly less. A moderate
      agonistic effect of dE-OXY on pregnant myometrium was found, whereas it was
      minimal with dE-VVT and not detectable at all with dE-TVT. It appears that these
      two analogues, particularly dE-TVT, would be interesting for clinical testing
      both in dysmenorrhea, where increased VP secretion could be of etiological
      importance, and in premature labor where an increased myometrial concentration of
      OXY receptors has been demonstrated.

PMID- 4061068
TI  - Colpo-urethrocystopexy--a simple method for treatment of genuine primary stress
      incontinence.
AB  - Colpo-urethrocystopexy was performed on 195 women. The patients had been observed
      for a period ranging from 1 to 7 years. One hundred and eighty-seven of them are
      continent, while there were 8 relapses (5 patients a complete relapse and 3
      patients partial relapse). The postoperative complications were minimal:
      incisional infections (4.1%), acute urinary tract infections (8.7%). The
      abdominal colpo-urethrocystopexy was combined with other primary gynecologic
      operations in 44 patients. This operating technique is uncomplicated and
      successful in correcting stress urinary incontinence in women.

PMID- 4061067
TI  - Plasma 20 alpha-OH-progesterone in women with malignant epithelial 'non
      endocrine' ovarian tumors.
AB  - The production of 20 alpha-OH-progesterone (20 alpha-OH-P) in women with
      malignant epithelial ovarian tumors was investigated. The study material
      comprised 51 postmenopausal and/or oophorectomized women with ovarian carcinoma,
      including the histological types Ic, IIc, IIIc and V and FIGO stages I-IV. Their
      tumor volumes were evaluated once a month using bimanual recto-vaginal palpation
      under anesthesia. Blood samples were drawn for 20 alpha-OH-P radio-immunoassay at
      monthly intervals for 3 months. The plasma levels were compared with those of a
      control group of postmenopausal women. The results show a relationship between
      tumor volume and plasma 20 alpha-OH-P level. Another finding is that endometrioid
      ovarian cancer (histologically IIIc) showed a significantly lower 20 alpha-OH-P
      production than the other types. The reason for this is discussed.

PMID- 4061069
TI  - Doxycycline in human oviduct mucosa and plasma 24-30 hours after an oral dose of
      100 mg.
AB  - Oviductal and peripheral plasma concentrations 24 hours after the last dose of
      Doxycycline (DC) were studied in 17 patients. The concentration of DC in healthy
      oviduct mucosa was 1.3 micrograms/g (range 0.6-1.7) and 1.1 micrograms/ml (range
      0.6-1.7) in plasma. One patient with severe chronic salpingitis in acute
      exacerbation showed 3.6 micrograms/g in tissue and 2.4 micrograms/ml in plasma in
      proliferative phase.

PMID- 4061070
TI  - An incident of bilateral mastodynia after the menopause.
AB  - A 54-year-old postmenopausal woman is described who quite suddenly experienced
      intense tenderness and tension in both breasts lasting for about 3 weeks.
      Subsequently she had a uterine bleeding. Excessively increased levels of
      estradiol (peak value 2325 pmol/l) were found during the period of mastodynia.
      Seven months previous to this event, hyperthyroidism had been diagnosed. She had,
      however, been treated with propylthiouracil and was euthyroid long before and
      during the period of mastodynia.

PMID- 4061071
TI  - Cochlear function--an analysis.
AB  - A large number of experiments conducted since 1967 on live animals have suggested
      that mechanical processes in the cochlea are more complex than Bekesy could
      observe on postmortem preparations. These experiments indicate that the entire
      sharp frequency analysis in the cochlea is performed by mechanical means. A
      conceptual model of cochlear micromechanics is presented, which brings together
      all the relevant experimental results. It shows how the tectorial membrane
      coupled to the organ of Corti through the stiff hairs of the outer hair cells can
      contribute to this analysis.

PMID- 4061072
TI  - Physical effects of the choroid plexus on the cochlear nuclei in man.
AB  - Relatively deep invaginations on the surface of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN)
      inside the fourth ventricle lateral recess were observed just below the choroid
      plexus. The ependymal cells and neurons in the affected areas of the DCN manifest
      coarse inclusions in their cytoplasm. The inclusions are rounded granules,
      approximately 2 micron in diameter, relatively evenly spread through cytoplasm of
      these cells. The inclusions are not lipofuscin or known, non-viral cytoplasmic
      bodies specific for certain diseases accompanied by degeneration of the nervous
      tissue. The inclusions are, however, observed in cells with relatively high
      lipofuscin content. The change in transportation of the nutrients and metabolites
      between the affected areas in the DCN, cerebrospinal fluid, and capillaries as
      well as metabolic impairments in the DCN may be a reason for the observed
      accumulation of inclusions and lipofuscin. These pathological changes may also be
      a reason for certain hearing disorders.

PMID- 4061073
TI  - The bone-anchored hearing aid. Principal design and a psychoacoustical
      evaluation.
AB  - Hearing aids can be divided into two groups, distinguished by the principle of
      how sound is transmitted to the cochlea. The greatest and most important group is
      that consisting of air conduction (AC) hearing aids, whereas the other group
      consisting of bone conduction (BC) hearing aids is relatively small but
      nevertheless important for patients with particular types of hearing disorder.
      Conventional bone conduction hearing aids are not in common use, mainly because
      of several drawbacks. The implantation of a titanium screw into the mastoid
      portion of the temporal bone has made it possible to obtain a permanent and
      reaction-free rigid penetration of the skin. A newly developed bone conduction
      hearing aid was connected to such a screw. This new hearing aid is named 'the
      bone-anchored hearing aid' (BAHA) and it is characterized by a single housing
      construction. The transducer piston of the BAHA is directly connected to the
      titanium screw by a low-profile coupling arrangement. Ten patients were equipped
      with this new hearing system. In a comprehensive questionnaire, all patients
      reported that they preferred the BAHA to their old hearing aid. The major reasons
      were improvements in practical arrangements, wearing comfort, aesthetic
      appearance, and sound quality. Improvements in speech reception were not verified
      by the discrimination tests, but 6 out of 10 patients subjectively reported
      clearly improved sound quality. The group of patients who may benefit from the
      BAHA of present standard includes patients with a sensorineural hearing loss of
      at most 50-60 dB HL.

PMID- 4061074
TI  - Acceleration levels at hearing threshold with direct bone conduction versus
      conventional bone conduction.
AB  - Some patients with hearing disorders cannot use a conventional air conduction
      hearing aid, but have to use a bone conduction hearing aid. The technique of
      introducing a permanent, skin-penetrating titanium implant has made it possible
      to develop a bone-anchored hearing aid with all parts in a single housing. Ten
      patients have been using such an aid for almost 2 years. This investigation deals
      with absolute acceleration threshold measurements in 7 of these patients. The
      measuring apparatus consisted mainly of a Bekesy audiometer and an accelerometer,
      Bruel & Kjaer 4344. In the frequency range from 250 to 6 000 Hz, the acceleration
      levels at hearing threshold decreased by between 16 and 28 dB when measured
      directly on the titanium screw, as compared with when measured on the intact skin
      surface. This lowering in acceleration thresholds can be explained by the fact
      that skin and subcutaneous soft tissues act as a shunt for acceleration.

PMID- 4061075
TI  - Possible role of peptides derived from otosclerotic bone in the mechanism of
      sensorineural hearing loss.
AB  - Otosclerotic stapes footplates, superstructures and temporal cortical bones were
      extracted with 0.25 M guanidine X HCl 0.5 M EDTA (pH 7.4) solution. The extracted
      non-collagenous peptides/proteins were separated chromatographically on a
      Sephadex G-25 microcolumn. The peptide composition of the bone samples were
      compared by capillary analytical isotachophoresis (ITP) in the molecular mass
      range 0.3-5 kD. The otosclerotic stapes footplate contained 13 ITP subfractions,
      while the stapes superstructures and cortical bone contained only 9 and 10,
      respectively. An otosclerosis-specific ITP subfraction was also detected in the
      stapes footplate, but not in the stapes superstructure or cortical bone. This
      subfraction was previously demonstrated in the otosclerotic perilymph as well.
      Four ITP subfractions occurred common in the otosclerotic stapes footplate, the
      superstructure and the cortical bone. Two of these common subfractions were not
      found in the cortical bone peptide extract, but all of them revealed higher than
      normal levels in the otosclerotic perilymph.

PMID- 4061076
TI  - Risk factors affecting the occurrence of acute otitis media among 2-3-year-old
      urban children.
AB  - The factors affecting the occurrence and recurrence of acute otitis media (AOM)
      were studied among 471 2-3-year-old children in two cities in Finland. Of these
      children, 188 had experienced greater than or equal to 3 attacks of AOM, 76 had
      had 1-2 attacks and 207 no otitis attacks (= control group). The study showed
      that the risk of recurrent AOM was increased among those children attending day
      care nurseries as well as among those who had several siblings. Proneness to
      rhinorrhea and exposure to passive smoking at home was associated with an
      increased risk of AOM, while prolonged breast-feeding (greater than 6 months)
      seemed to reduce it. No correlation was found between the risk of recurrent AOM
      and the place of residence or type of housing, the parental otitis history, or
      atopic diathesis of a child. Thus the study suggested that to protect a young
      child from AOM we should promote breast-feeding and home-care for babies as well
      as avoid smoking in the home.

PMID- 4061077
TI  - Effects of X-ray irradiation on hearing in guinea pigs.
AB  - Effects of X-ray irradiation on the hearing with CM and ABR to both air- and bone
      conduction stimuli were studied continuously from immediately after the
      irradiation to a few weeks later. At 2, 4, and 6 krad, only slight conductive
      hearing impairment was found, but at 8 krad or more, CM and ABR disappeared
      abruptly, after having increased briefly. Advanced sensorineural hearing loss
      appeared at about 10 hours after irradiation ended at 8 krad, at about 6 hours at
      10 krad, and at about 3 hours at 12 krad. More severe hearing impairment was
      observed at higher frequencies and the endocochlear d.c. potential (EP) decreased
      at about 7 hours after 10 krad irradiation. Histologically, no discernible
      changes in the hair cells or sensory hairs were found with a scanning electron
      microscope at about 6 hours after 10 krad irradiation, while with a transmission
      electron microscope, the outer hair cells in the basal coil of the cochlea were
      found to be mostly destroyed. However, no changes could be found in the inner
      hair cells or other supporting cells.

PMID- 4061078
TI  - Ultrastructure of middle ear mucosa in the Mongolian gerbil, Meriones
      unguiculatus.
AB  - The Mongolian gerbil is an easily maintained rodent which has been useful for
      investigations of the middle and inner ear. The gerbil may be used as an animal
      model for otitis media and cholesteatoma. The purpose of this study was to
      describe the ultrastructure of the epithelial and subepithelial lining of the
      gerbilline middle ear. The middle ear of the gerbil is lined by an epithelial
      membrane which is similar in cell type to human and guinea pig middle ear mucosa.
      The major part of the middle ear is lined with simple, non-keratinizing squamous
      cells with or without microvilli. Ciliated and secretory cells were concentrated
      around the Eustachian tube orifice; additionally, ciliated cells were seen in two
      distinct bands extending posteriorly below the cochlea in the hypotympanum and
      above the cochlea toward the tensor tympani muscle. The subepithelial region
      consists of fusiform cells (fibroblasts or 'surface osteocytes') and collagen
      adjacent to bone. These cell types and their distribution further supports the
      use of the gerbil as a model for human disease.

PMID- 4061079
TI  - Somatotopic representation of the laryngeal motoneurons in the medulla of
      monkeys.
AB  - Following HRP injection into the cricothyroid (CT), posterior cricoarytenoid
      (PCA), thyroarytenoid (TA), lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA), and the interarytenoid
      (IA) muscles, most of the labelled neurons were observed ipsilaterally in the
      nucleus ambiguus (Amb), whereas a few labelled cells were also recognized in the
      reticular formation. The labelled cell column for CT extended from a level near
      the rostral end of the inferior olivary nucleus (IO) to a level caudal to its
      middle part. The labelled cell columns of PCA, TA, LCA and IA were located
      between the level rostral to the middle of IO and that of the caudal end of IO.
      These findings agree with our previous studies on cats. However, in the
      transverse plane, CT motoneurons were arranged in annular fashion around the Amb.
      Motoneurons of PCA were located in the medial part, those of TA in the lateral
      part, and those of LCA and IA in the middle part of the Amb. These findings
      differ from our findings in cats, described elsewhere.

PMID- 4061080
TI  - Experimental nasal septoplasty; influence on nasomaxillary development. A
      roentgen cephalometric study in growing domestic cats.
AB  - The fear of destroying an anticipated growth centre has, with time, induced the
      postponement of nasal septal operations until adult age. Underdevelopment of the
      nose and middle face is otherwise believed to be the long-term result. In order
      to test this hypothesis, subepichondrial surgery was performed in growing
      domestic cats. The technique resembled modern corrective interventions for septum
      deviations in humans. Based on cephalometry, i.e. measurements on lateral skull
      radiograms, no significant influence could be found regarding ultimate nasal or
      mid-facial dimensions. The findings tentatively intimate that septal surgery
      might be carried out at a much earlier age than hitherto assumed.

PMID- 4061081
TI  - [Cytologic, histopathologic and ultrastructural research on a case of nasal and
      laryngeal localization of visceral leishmaniasis].

PMID- 4061082
TI  - [Evaluation of the humoral immunity in patients with cancer of the larynx].

PMID- 4061083
TI  - [Short-stay in otorhinolaryngology].

PMID- 4061084
TI  - [Reaction kinetic study of the solvolysis of acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic
      acid in the liquid phase. II. Role of pharmaceutic adjuvants in the decomposition
      of salicylic acid].

PMID- 4061085
TI  - [In vivo and in vitro studies of the release of active ingredients in solid oral
      pharmaceutical preparations containing potassium chloride].

PMID- 4061086
TI  - [In vitro biopharmaceutical control of pharmaceuticals. 5. Comparative
      dissolution of oral preparations containing acetylsalicylic acid by both
      periodical sampling and automatic procedure].

PMID- 4061087
TI  - Sensory irritating effects of allyl halides and a role for hydrogen bonding as a
      likely feature at the receptor site.
AB  - Allyl chloride, bromide and iodide were investigated for their properties as
      sensory irritants in mice. The concentrations of the chemicals necessary to
      depress the respiratory rate by 50% (RD50) within the first 10 min. of exposure
      due to irritation of the upper respiratory tract were 2330, 257 and 79.8 p.p.m.,
      respectively. No pulmonary irritation was observed. In the period 20 to 30 min.,
      however, pulmonary irritation was observed for allyl bromide and iodide. The
      effect was not prominent in non-cannulated mice probably due to the scrubbing
      effect of the nose. According to RD50 values, thermodynamic activity as well as
      apparent association rate with the receptor the sensory irritating potencies of
      the halides were low compared to those of allyl alcohol, acetate, and ether. A
      mechanistic explantation could not be ascribed to metabolites, lipophilicity or
      chemical reactivity. Only a hydrogen bond donor ability of the receptor offered
      an explanation. As many industrial chemicals e.g. alcohols, ketones and esters
      can function as hydrogen bond acceptors this receptor-feature cannot be
      overemphasized.

PMID- 4061088
TI  - Comparative metabolism of debrisoquine, 7-ethoxyresorufin and benzo(a)pyrene in
      liver microsomes from humans, and from rats treated with cytochrome P-450
      inducers.
AB  - The metabolism of debrisoquine, 7-ethoxyresorufin and benzo(a)pyrene has been
      studied in human liver microsomes. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.70,
      P less than 0.05) between debrisoquine hydroxylation and 7-ethoxyresorufin 0
      deethylation among various livers, and debrisoquine inhibited 7-ethoxyresorufin
      deethylation competitively. These results suggest that debrisoquine and 7
      ethoxyresorufin may be metabolised by a common P-450 form in human liver. The
      effect of cytochrome P-450 inducers on the metabolism of the three substrates was
      also examined in rat liver. Debrisoquine hydroxylation was not enhanced by
      phenobarbitone, beta-naphthoflavone or isosafrole.

PMID- 4061089
TI  - Esterase activities and soman toxicity in developing rat.
AB  - The activity of carboxylesterase and cholinesterase in plasma, liver and lung of
      young rats at different ages (5-31 days old) have been measured. The
      cholinesterase activity in the tissues of both sexes were almost constant during
      the development, and were similar to adult male activity. The carboxylesterase
      activity towards methyl butyrate and 4-nitrophenyl butyrate in plasma of both
      sexes increased from negligible (5 days old) to adult male value (31 days old).
      The carboxylesterase activities in liver increased markedly during the period,
      whereas the lung activities increased only slightly. The toxicity of soman was 6
      7 fold higher in 5 days old rats compared to 30 days old rats. The decrease in
      toxicity correlated well with the increase in plasma carboxylesterase.

PMID- 4061090
TI  - Effects of leucine methylester on guinea-pig atria.
AB  - Superfusion of guinea-pig atria with 10 mM l-leucine methylester leads to a
      mechanical arrest and to an increase in protein outflow. Homogenate of atria
      exhibits a decrease in the sedimentability of phosphatase acid activity as
      compared to control. Morphological studies reveal that leucine methylester causes
      not only a lysosomal swelling but also a disruption of myofibrils and slight
      mitochondrial damage.

PMID- 4061091
TI  - Conversely exposure-related effects between atmospheric m-xylene concentrations
      and human body sense of balance.
AB  - Effects of fixed and fluctuating concentrations of m-xylene in air were studied
      on human psychophysiological functions. Nine healthy male volunteers were exposed
      to m-xylene 4 hrs a day, 3 hrs in the morning and 1 hr in the afternoon, with a
      40 min. break in between. The subjects were sedentary or exercised at 100 W for
      10 min at the beginning of each session in the chamber. The m-xylene
      concentrations in the air were fixed (8.2 mumol/l; 870 mg/m3) or fluctuated with
      peaks (5.2-16.4 mumol/l; 550-1740 mg/m3) but the TWA (8 hrs) concentration of m
      xylene was always 4.1 mumol/l (435 mg/m3). The two control days, with and without
      exercise, were similar to the exposure days, but without exposure. Reaction times
      were measured with a device in which subjects responded to visual and auditory
      stimuli. Body sway was measured with the subjects' eyes open and closed with a
      strain gauge transducer platform. Changes in reaction times did not correlate
      with m-xylene concentrations in the air. Changes of average and maximal body sway
      were, however, consistently negatively correlated with the intensity of the
      atmospheric exposure to m-xylene at the beginning of each session in the chamber.
      Physical exercise combined with exposure to m-xylene improved rather than
      impaired body sway.

PMID- 4061092
TI  - Interaction of certain metal ions with aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase of rat lung
      microsomes.
AB  - The effect of varying concentrations of cadmium, copper, zinc, and selenite on
      the activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) of rat lungs was studied in
      vitro. All the metals resulted in a strong inhibition of enzyme activity. Copper
      and zinc were more inhibitory to rat lung AHH than cadmium and selenite. There
      was an additive inhibition of AHH activity when copper or zinc was added in the
      presence of cadmium. EDTA or glutathione exerted a protective effect on cadmium
      induced inhibition of AHH activity. Prior incubation of the microsomes with N
      ethylmaleimide, a thiol-blocking agent, had no effect on the inhibition of AHH
      activity caused by cadmium. Addition of cadmium along with zinc-thionein resulted
      in increased inhibition of rat lung AHH.

PMID- 4061093
TI  - Local toxicity of different drugs after intramuscular or intralipomatous
      injection in pigs: serum concentrations after three different formulations of
      cis(Z)-clopenthixol.
AB  - Findings made by computerized tomography scanning of pelvis of patients suggested
      that the majority of injections intended to be intramuscular in fact are
      delivered in the fat tissue. This finding has raised the question what difference
      it makes when drugs are injected intramuscularly or intralipomatously. We have
      studied local toxicity after intramuscular or intralipomatous injection of
      different drugs in pigs, which have a subcutaneous layer of fat comparable to
      that of man. The pigs were killed 1, 3, 7 or 14 days after injection of
      antibiotics, vitamins, neuroleptics, diazepam, digoxin, pentazocine,
      sulphadimidine and vehicles. The tissues at the injection site were examined
      macro- and microscopically. In another series of experiments an aqueous or two
      different oily preparations of the neuroleptic drug cis(Z)-clopenthixol were
      given intramuscularly or intralipomatously to pigs and a series of blood samples
      were taken for drug level determination. The tissue examinations showed that all
      drugs causing local muscle damage after intramuscular injection caused
      considerably less extensive damage with a faster regeneration after
      intralipomatous injection. The pharmacokinetic study showed that there was
      virtually no difference between plasma-concentration-time curves after
      intramuscular or intralipomatous injection. Our findings indicate that
      intralipomatous injection of irritating drugs is better tolerated than
      intramuscular injection since intralipomatous injection causes less local
      toxicity. Our findings also suggest that the pharmacokinetics are not different.
      However, further studies are required to substantiate whether the findings are of
      general relevance.

PMID- 4061094
TI  - Comparison of central nervous system actions of taurine and N-pivaloyltaurine.
AB  - N-Acetyl, N-propionyl, and N-pivaloyl derivatives of taurine were synthesized by
      applying a modified Schotten-Bauman method starting from taurine and using the
      corresponding acid chloride or acid anhydride for direct acylation reactions. The
      central nervous system actions of these lipid soluble taurine derivatives, which
      were presumed to pass the blood-brain barrier, were studied and compared to those
      of taurine in mice. A large dose (15 mmol/kg) of intraperitoneally administered
      taurine lengthened the pentobarbitone induced sleep by 30%. N-Pivaloyltaurine was
      45 times more potent but not more effective than taurine. Neither N-acetyl- nor N
      propionyltaurine lengthened the pentobarbitone induced sleep in doses up to 3
      mmol/kg. Intraperitoneally administered N-pivaloyltaurine depressed the locomotor
      activity in a smaller dose and for a longer period than taurine. However, when
      administered intracerebroventricularly neither N-acetyl- nor N-pivaloyltaurine
      altered the locomotor activity in three times larger dose than in which taurine
      clearly depressed it. Intraperitoneally administered N-pivaloyltaurine decreased
      the rectal temperature slightly more than taurine, whereas
      intracerebroventricularly administered taurine was clearly more potent in
      inducing hypothermia than its acyl derivatives. Intraperitoneally administered N
      pivaloyltaurine was about three times more potent than taurine in increasing the
      striatal concentration of dopamine. Intraperitoneally administered N
      pivaloyltaurine only in a very large dose (3 X 15 mmol/kg) slightly and
      transiently increased the cerebral taurine concentration. Carboxylesterase
      inhibition by bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate (BNPP) did not modify this increase.
      Furthermore, BNPP pretreatment modified neither the hypothermic nor the striatal
      dopamine concentration elevating effects of N-pivaloyltaurine. Our results
      suggest that N-pivaloyltaurine possesses taurine-like pharmacological actions. It
      is not converted to taurine to produce these actions. When administered
      intracerebroventricularly it is less potent than taurine. However, when
      administered intraperitoneally it is more potent than taurine because it seems to
      pass the blood-brain-barrier more easily than taurine. Thus N-pivaloyltaurine
      could be used to study the behavioural and other central nervous system actions
      of taurine.

PMID- 4061095
TI  - Effect of domperidone on apomorphine inhibition of the copulatory response and
      exploratory behaviour in the female rat.
AB  - The effects of domperidone, a peripheral dopamine receptor blocker which poorly
      crosses the blood-brain barrier, on copulatory and exploratory behaviour were
      studied in apomorphine (oestrogen + progesterone) treated ovariectomized rats.
      The dose of domperidone (1.0 mg/kg) which clearly prevented the inhibitory action
      of apomorphine on the lordotic response did not influence the effect of
      apomorphine in an exploratory test situation. This finding indicates that
      peripherally (intraperitoneally) administered domperidone influences dopaminergic
      mechanisms implicated in the copulatory behaviour of the female rat, but not
      dopaminergic mechanisms involved in exploratory behaviour. The possibility that
      domperidone reaches the brain region responsible for the lordotic behaviour, e.g.
      the hypothalamus, is discussed.

PMID- 4061096
TI  - Differences in pulmonary metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene in inbred mouse strains,
      using the isolated perfused lung.
AB  - The metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) was studied in isolated perfused and
      ventilated lungs from two inbred strains of mice. C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice were
      treated with beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) or corn oil alone in order to reveal
      strain differences in inducibility of the microsomal enzymes responsible for BaP
      oxidation. BaP metabolism was quantified by the rate of appearance of free and
      conjugated 14C-metabolites released into the perfusion medium, and the production
      of nonextractable metabolites covalently bound to lung macromolecules. In both
      strains, lungs from mice pretreated with BNF released BaP metabolites at a rate
      somewhat greater than vehicle-treated controls, without a distinct change in the
      profile of metabolites. However, the amount of BaP covalently bound to lung
      macromolecules was increased by BNF pretreatment in C57BL/6 mice only. Thus,
      release of BaP metabolites into the perfusion medium was not a predictor of the
      rate of production of reactive metabolites.

PMID- 4061097
TI  - Diurnal variations in serum lithium and renal lithium clearance in rats given
      lithium as a single small dose or as multiple high doses.
AB  - Clearance determinations were carried out in three groups of rats: A high lithium
      group given food to which 70 mmol/kg of lithium were added for 4-6 weeks leading
      to a mean serum lithium concentration of 0.85 mmol/l, a low lithium group given
      food to which 15 mmol/kg of lithium were added for two days before the clearance
      period leading to a mean serum lithium concentration of 0.22 mmol/l, and a group
      given the same food without lithium. The sodium and potassium contents of the
      food were kept high in order to avoid lithium-induced development of negative
      sodium balance and excessive polyuria. The rats were housed in four rooms with 6
      hour displaced 24-hour light-dark cycles. The results showed that high doses of
      lithium led to a significant increase of the lithium clearance and the urine
      flow. Small amounts of lithium influenced neither the clearance values nor the
      urine flow. All renal variables were increased by about 50-100% during the dark
      period. The serum lithium concentration was least influenced by the diurnal
      rhythm. It is concluded that serum lithium concentrations measured at any time of
      the day are fairly representative of the 24 hours. A lithium clearance measured
      during daytime is valid for this period only. Long-term lithium treatment leads
      to an increase of the renal lithium clearance but does not diminish the normal
      diurnal rhythm of the kidney function.

PMID- 4061098
TI  - Hepatic and renal effects of prolonged exposure of rats to 50 p.p.m.
      methoxyflurane.
AB  - Male Fischer 344 rats were exposed to air or to 50 p.p.m. methoxyflurane vapour
      for a period of 14 weeks. At the end of this period, half of the rats in each
      group were killed; the remainder breathed air only for a further four weeks
      (recovery period) before being killed. During the exposure period, growth of the
      methoxyflurane-exposed rats was markedly depressed, though food consumption was
      similar in the two groups. Both water consumption and urine volume were increased
      by methoxyflurane, possibly due to the nephrotoxic effect of fluoride, the
      concentration of which exceeded 50 micromolar in the sera of all exposed rats. At
      the end of the exposure period, livers of all exposed rats, but no controls,
      showed focal hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis, and evidence of liver cell
      regeneration. Fatty change was prominent. During the recovery period, water
      consumption and urine volumes returned to near-normal levels. At the end of the
      recovery period, focal necrosis was still observed in the livers, although fatty
      change was no longer present. No histological abnormalities were observed in the
      kidneys of any rats.

PMID- 4061099
TI  - Effect of dinitrophenol and anoxia on isometric tension in rabbit colon smooth
      muscle.
AB  - In a previous study, it was suggested that inhibition of oxidative
      phosphorylation in smooth muscle is accompanied by a release of Ca2+ from
      mitochondria (Pettersson 1983); in this investigation, the effects of 2,4
      dinitrophenol (DNP) and anoxia on isometric tension in pieces of smooth muscle
      from rabbit colon were studied. Addition of DNP to the bathing medium elicited a
      transient and dose-dependent contraction with an ED50 value of 2 X 10(-4) M. The
      contraction was not inhibited by pretreatment with atropine (1 X 10(-6) M). The
      removal of external Ca2+ did not reduce the contracting action of DNP. Addition
      of the local anaesthetic D-mepivacaine (1 X 10(-3) M), which reduces the Ca2+
      efflux through the plasma membrane of the smooth muscle cells, augmented the
      response to DNP. Gassing the bathing medium with 95% N2 + 5% CO2 (anoxia) for 60
      min. did not affect the basal tension, but markedly reduced the contractile
      response to DNP. The results indicate that DNP increased cytoplasmic Ca2+
      significantly enough to induce a contraction of rabbit colon smooth muscle by a
      large release from an intracellular store, probably from the mitochondria. Since
      anoxia did not mimic the contracting action of DNP, it is suggested that a high
      concentration of DNP would be a more effective stimulus for mitochondrial Ca2+
      release than anoxia.

PMID- 4061100
TI  - Vitamin E protects against metasystox-induced adverse effect on lipid metabolism
      in the rat brain and spinal cord.
AB  - The effects of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) on the rate of lipid peroxidation and
      lipase activity in the discrete areas of the brain and spinal cord were studied.
      Administration of metasystox in two different doses 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg body weight
      intraperitoneally daily for 10 days have shown a dose-related depletion of total
      lipids, cholesterol and esterified fatty acids in the rat cerebral hemisphere,
      cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord. The rate of lipid peroxidation and lipase
      activity showed dose-dependent increase in different regions of the CNS.
      Administration of alpha-tocopherol alone caused significant reduction of lipid
      peroxidation and lipase activity. When it was administered simultaneously with
      metasystox, alpha-tocopherol prevented the metasystox-induced increase of lipid
      peroxidation and lipase activity.

PMID- 4061102
TI  - Displacement of disopyramide from human plasma proteins.

PMID- 4061101
TI  - In vitro effect of 4-methylpyrazole and pyruvate on ethanol interaction with
      propoxyphene metabolism in suspensions of isolated rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 4061103
TI  - Haemodynamic and electrophysiologic effects of diltiazem.
AB  - This review describes the haemodynamic and electrophysiologic properties of
      diltiazem and shows how these effects may, in some clinical situations, favour
      the choice of this drug as an antianginal and antiarrhythmic agent. Compared to
      nifedipine and verapamil, diltiazem has the distinct advantage of being a
      negative chronotropic agent and thus has the potential of leading to a greater
      reduction in myocardial oxygen consumption; it does not affect cardiac output,
      left ventricular end diastolic pressure, and ejection fraction in patients with
      an adequately preserved left ventricular function; finally, it possesses a longer
      duration of action and fewer side effects, even at relatively high calcium entry
      blocking doses, than the other major calcium entry blockers.

PMID- 4061104
TI  - Effectiveness of diltiazem for chronic stable angina pectoris.
AB  - Diltiazem can be effective monotherapy for most patients with chronic stable
      angina pectoris. The exact mechanism(s) of action of diltiazem for producing a
      salutary effect in patients with angina pectoris is unknown, but probably
      involves a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand and an increase in supply via
      coronary artery dilatation. Administration of less than or equal to 240 mg/day in
      divided doses uncommonly produces any side effects. Doses of 360 mg/day may be
      required in some patients. The major adverse effect of high dose therapy is mild
      pedal oedema. Caution concerning orthostatic hypotension is advised when high
      dose diltiazem is combined with nitrate therapy or used in patients with poor
      left ventricular function. Also, diltiazem may potentiate bradycardia or atrio
      ventricular block, especially when combined with digitalis preparations or beta
      blockers. However, in patients with severe angina, diltiazem may be additive to
      nitrate and/or beta-blocker therapy.

PMID- 4061105
TI  - Diltiazem and propranolol, alone and in combination, on exercise performance and
      left ventricular function in patients with stable effort angina: a double-blind,
      randomized, and placebo-controlled study.
AB  - Diltiazem and propranolol alone and in combination as antianginal agents were
      compared with placebo in 12 patients with stable exertional angina at Stanford
      University Medical Center. The patients performed symptom-limited, multi-stage
      upright bicycle ergometric exercise while undergoing radionuclide angiographic
      studies every two weeks while being treated with 90 mg of diltiazem four times
      daily, 60 mg of propranolol four times daily, a combination of 90 mg of diltiazem
      and 60 mg of propranolol four times daily, and placebo. Diltiazem, propranolol
      and a combination all significantly increased exercise duration compared to
      placebo (526 +/- 149, 525 +/- 115, and 549 +/- 129 vs 430 +/- 132 sec.). Although
      rate pressure product and heart rate decreased with diltiazem therapy at
      submaximal workloads, these values were unchanged at peak exercise in contrast to
      propranolol or the combination of propranolol or diltiazem. Diltiazem decreased
      the sub-maximal and maximal degree of exercise-induced ST segment depression by
      over 50% compared to placebo (P less than 0.01 vs placebo). Diltiazem resulted in
      a higher exercise left ventricular ejection fraction compared to placebo,
      propranolol or the combination of diltiazem or propranolol (all less than P less
      than 0.05). Sinus bradycardia or orthostatic hypertension occurred in four
      patients on the high-dose combination therapy and required dose reduction. We
      concluded that high-dose diltiazem, appeared to be even more effective than
      moderate-dose propranolol or the combination of diltiazem and propranolol in
      improving exercise tolerance, electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial
      ischaemia and left ventricular function in patients with stable effort angina due
      to occlusive coronary artery disease.

PMID- 4061106
TI  - The effect of ionization on partition coefficients and topical delivery.

PMID- 4061107
TI  - Structure-related variation in epimer ratio and solvent content of bacampicillin
      hydrochloride.

PMID- 4061108
TI  - Influence of epimer ratio on physicochemical properties of bacampicillin
      hydrochloride.

PMID- 4061109
TI  - The kinetics of adrenal catecholamine secretion elicited by splanchnic nerve
      stimulation or by Ach is consistent with non-exocytotic, multivesicular release
      on cation exchange basis.
AB  - In eight anaesthetized cats, one dog and one pig the left adrenal was activated
      during a 5-15-min period by splanchnic nerve stimulation (10-30 V, 0.2-2 ms) at
      supramaximal frequencies (10-50 Hz) or by i.a. infusion of acetylcholine in high
      concentration (10(-4) M). The catecholamine (CA) release, as recorded in the
      adrenal venous outflow, was characterized by a very steep rise to a peak (within
      less than 10 s), followed by a rapid decline which after 5-10 min continued as a
      'steady state' secretion, still above prestimulatory level. The initial release
      curve satisfied the straight line equation log B = K square root (sigma ml) + log
      Bmax, shown previously by us to be characteristic of the cation-induced amine
      release from amine-charged IRC 50 (a synthetic carboxyl cation exchanger resin)
      and from chromaffin granules in vitro which occurred on superfusion of these
      materials with isotonic NaCl solution (Uvnas & Aborg 1984a). The initial CA
      release, which depending on the intensity of the stimulus amounted to between 0.1
      and approximately 5% of the adrenal CA content is suggested to reflect the rapid
      depletion of a CA pool for immediate release composed of granules 'lined up' for
      secretion adjacent to the plasma cell membrane. On depolarization of this
      membrane the granules are assumed to become attached to it and CA release to
      occur as a cation exchange, between CA+ in the granule matrix and Na+ in the
      plasma or possibly K+ in the cytoplasm. The transition from depletion to 'steady
      state' phase is assumed to reflect resynthesis or other compensatory refilling of
      the releasable depot evoked by its depletion. Cation exchange is suggested to be
      a general principle in the release of biogenic amines, including transmitter
      amines and other co-stored charged substances, e.g. polypeptides.

PMID- 4061110
TI  - The effect of nephrectomy and ureter ligation on plasma neurotensin-like
      immunoreactivity levels in the conscious rat.
AB  - The effect of nephrectomy and ureter ligation on the concentration of endogenous
      plasma neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (p-NTLI) was studied in conscious rats
      by means of antiserum 17-8201 which detects NT (1-13) only, and antiserum 0-7709
      which detects NT(1-13) and NT(1-8). The unstimulated p-NTLI concentration did not
      change significantly during a 25-h observation period following nephrectomy in
      comparison with sham operation. However, stimulation of the release of NTLI by
      intraduodenal administration of oleic acid (0.2 ml) resulted in significantly
      higher p-NTLI levels in the nephrectomized rats than in the sham operated rats.
      Ureter ligation did not significantly affect basal or stimulated p-NTLI. The data
      indicate that the kidneys play an important part in the elimination of p-NTLI
      released after fat ingestion.

PMID- 4061111
TI  - Comparison of the Fick principle and the radioactive microsphere method in
      measuring cardiac output during haemorrhagic shock.
AB  - The applicability of radioactive microspheres in measuring cardiac output (CO)
      during haemorrhagic shock in the dog was studied. The COs thus determined were
      compared with CO values obtained simultaneously by the Fick method. In 13 animals
      simultaneous CO measurements by the two methods were performed prior to and after
      initial bleeding (down to a mean arterial pressure of 40 mmHg), at the
      termination of the hypotension period, and 5 and 60 min following blood
      reinfusion. An excellent correlation (r = 0.97) between the two methods was found
      for all determinations combined. Furthermore, during each of the five phases of
      the shock procedure no difference was observed between the two methods of
      measuring CO and the correlation varied from moderate to excellent (r = 0.61
      0.94). The results suggest that the microsphere method has a precision and
      validity comparable to those of conventional methods in measuring CO in
      situations when it is extremely low, as in haemorrhagic shock, in addition to
      having high accuracy in normal conditions.

PMID- 4061112
TI  - Cerebral energy metabolism during bicuculline-induced status epilepticus in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - The cerebral blood flow is lower in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in
      normotensive anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated rats during bicuculline
      induced seizures, presumably due to the increase in vascular resistance in the
      hypertensive rats. This study investigates whether the hypertensive rats develop
      more severe derangement of the cerebral energy metabolites than normotensive rats
      because of the reduced cerebral blood flow. After 20 min of continuous seizure
      activity both normotensive and hypertensive rats had significantly decreased
      levels of phosphocreatine, ATP and glycogen as well as increased lactate and
      lactate/pyruvate ratio within the parietal cortex compared to controls. The
      metabolic disturbances were somewhat less pronounced in the hypertensive rats
      than in the normotensive rats. Thus, ADP was significantly increased in
      normotensive rats only and the lactate/pyruvate ratio was higher in the
      normotensive rats. We conclude that spontaneously hypertensive rats are not more
      prone than normotensive rats to derangement of cerebral energy metabolites during
      short term bicuculline-induced seizures and that insufficient blood flow is not
      the primary cause of the metabolic alterations.

PMID- 4061113
TI  - Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, PO2 50% and available O2 in rabbits with
      bleeding anaemia superimposed on the early post-natal fall in haemoglobin.
AB  - Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), PO2 50%, whole blood haemoglobin
      (Hb), haematocrit (Hct) and available O2 were determined in two matched groups of
      suckling rabbits from the 17th to the 34th day after birth. One group was
      subjected to repeated bleeding, amounting to 1.0-1.5% of the body weight, on day
      17, 19, 22 and 25, while the other served as control. The bleeding group had
      markedly lower Hb and Hct than the control group, which showed the ordinary post
      natal fall in Hb. There were, however, no differences between 2,3-DPG and PO2 50%
      in the two groups. The changes were essentially the same as observed previously
      in animals in which the post-natal anaemia was avoided by iron-treatment. Thus,
      these and previously reported data show that the post-natal rise in 2,3-DPG and
      PO2 50% within wide limits is uninfluenced by marked variations in Hb, even
      severe bleeding anaemia, and support the assumption that the post-natal rise in
      2,3-DPG and PO2 50% is dominated by processes related to the growth and
      maturation of the animals.

PMID- 4061114
TI  - Dexamethasone reduces fat-induced release of neurotensin in the rat.
AB  - The effect of glucocorticoids on the release of neurotensin (NT) was studied in
      the rat. Oleic acid (200 microliters) was instilled into the duodenum of fasted
      rats given saline or 1 mg . kg-1 dexamethasone subcutaneously 16 h prior to the
      experiment. Neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (p-NTLI) was analysed in
      unextracted plasma with the C-terminal directed NT antiserum 6-8206. Pretreatment
      with dexamethasone almost totally abolished the fat-induced increase in p-NTLI.
      The data suggest that glucocorticoids may modulate the post-prandial release of
      NT. Since NT is known to constrict the vascular beds of subcutaneous adipose
      tissue, this effect of glucocorticoids may be one of the factors responsible for
      the abnormal distribution of fat caused by high levels of glucocorticoids, e.g.
      in Cushing's syndrome.

PMID- 4061115
TI  - Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in isolated rat lungs perfused with
      perfluorocarbon emulsion.
AB  - Eight rat lungs were perfused in an in vitro circuit with a blood-PS solution and
      then with a perfluorocarbon emulsion (perfluorotributylamine, FC-43). With
      perfusion flow constant, the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictor (HPV) response was
      measured as changes in pulmonary artery pressure when F1,O2 was changed to 0.1,
      0.06, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02 and zero with FI,CO2 of 0.05. The hypoxic response to an
      FI,O2 of 0.03, with the blood-PSS perfusate, was an increase from baseline
      pressure of 93.5 +/- 18% and, with the perfluorocarbon perfusate was 67.5 +/-
      18%; these values were not significantly different (P greater than 0.2). A
      stimulus-response relationship was obtained with the FC-43 perfusate by plotting
      the response as a percentage of the maximum response (R%max) against the
      logarithm of the alveolar oxygen tension. The equation for the linear portion of
      the response was R%max = 257.9-140.2 X log (10) PA,O2 and r = 0.78. The PA,O2
      corresponding to half of the maximum response (ED50) was 30.4 mmHg. The present
      study demonstrated that HPV is maintained in isolated rat lungs perfused with an
      FC-43 emulsion. The stimulus-response relationship as well as the ED50 with the
      FC-43 is similar to earlier results with blood perfusate. Lung oedema was not
      found after perfusion with the FC-43 emulsion.

PMID- 4061116
TI  - Protein-binding of secretin in human plasma.
AB  - Protein-binding of endogenous plasma secretin and of 125I-labelled secretin
      incubated with charcoal-treated plasma examined by gel filtration on a Sephacryl
      S-200 Superfine column (16 X 980 mm) showed that secretin in plasma appears both
      to be bound to at least two different plasma proteins where albumin appears to be
      the major binding protein, and also to occur as a free molecular form. In
      addition, protein-binding studied by incubating 125I-labelled secretin with
      charcoal-treated plasma under various conditions followed by charcoal separation
      of bound from free label indicated the presence of more specific secretin-binding
      sites on the plasma proteins with an avidity comparable to that otherwise
      reported for albumin as a binding protein. The protein-binding of 125I-labelled
      secretin was optimal or reached equilibrium after 2 days incubation at 20 degrees
      C and first after 8 days incubation at 4 degrees C. Also, the protein-binding of
      125I-labelled secretin was higher at an incubation temperature of 20 than of 4
      degrees C; was optimal at pH 7.4; increased with increasing amounts of charcoal
      treated plasma up to an amount of 800 microliters in our assay system before
      levelling off; and increased in a constant and predictable manner with increasing
      amounts of 125I-labelled secretin at least with the amounts of labelled secretin
      examined here.

PMID- 4061117
TI  - Co-psychotherapy and multiple psychotherapy in multidisciplinary teams for
      ambulatory treatment.
AB  - In order to describe clearly and undoubtfully each psychotherapeutic situation,
      combining one or several therapists in one or several psychotherapeutic methods,
      an original classification is proposed. Evolution of concepts such as co
      psychotherapy and multiple psychotherapy are studied. Advantages and
      disadvantages for both therapist and patient are listed, and generally accepted
      viewpoints as well as controversies are discussed. A statistical survey, using a
      large number of undifferentiated registrations made by a representative number of
      psychotherapeutic teams, permits a first approach of the present situation in
      this particular field of psychotherapy, and some significant conclusions are to
      be made.

PMID- 4061118
TI  - Obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 4061119
TI  - Treatment of hypertension in obese patients: efficacy and feasibility of weight
      and salt reduction programs.
AB  - The effect of three different nutrition counselling programs on well established
      hypertension was studied in 64 obese patients regularly attending a hypertension
      clinic. The 12-month program of weekly-monthly group sessions focused on weight
      reduction (W group, n = 24), salt restriction (S group, n = 17) or both (WS
      group, n = 23). The mean (+/-SEM) weight decreased by 6.9 +/- 0.7 kg in the W
      group (p less than 0.001) and by 5.0 +/- 0.6 kg (p less than 0.001) in the WS
      group during the first three months of the study and levelled off thereafter. The
      weight changes in the S group were small during the trial. The mean 24-hour
      urinary sodium excretion in the WS and S groups was reduced by about 35 and 50
      mmol, respectively, during the first months of the study, and fell thereafter
      somewhat in the S group but not in the WS group. Sodium excretion remained
      unchanged in the W group. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) fell
      significantly in the W and WS groups during the first months of the study. BP
      remained thereafter stable in most patients but declined further in one fifth of
      them. BP changed little during the trial in the S group. By 12 months, BP control
      was improved in 67, 61 and 12% of the patients in the W, WS and S groups,
      respectively. Improved BP control was strongly related to weight loss but not to
      reduced sodium excretion. Weight reduction programs with even modest success help
      most obese patients with established hypertension, whereas moderate salt intake
      restriction gives little added benefit.

PMID- 4061120
TI  - Prevalence and incidence of moderate and severe chronic renal failure in south
      western Finland, 1973-76.
AB  - In an area of south-western Finland with 195 000 inhibitants and a highly
      centralized health care system, all subjects with elevated serum creatinine
      (greater than or equal to 230 mumol/l) were registered on the basis of data
      collected from all hospitals and clinical laboratories of the region. The
      prevalence of chronic renal failure (S-creatinine greater than or equal to 230
      mumol/l) was 67 per 100 000 inhabitants and that of severe chronic renal failure
      (S-creatinine greater than or equal to 500 mumol/l) 12.3/10(5). The annual
      incidence of chronic renal failure (S-creatinine greater than or equal to 230
      mumol/l) was 31.7 per 100 000 inhabitants and that of severe chronic renal
      failure (S-creatinine greater than or equal to 500 mumol/l) 11.9/10(5). Age
      specific prevalences and incidences rose progressively with age and were very
      high in the aged population. Chronic interstitial nephritis, in a broad sense,
      was the most common cause of chronic renal failure, and it was related to
      analgesic abuse in about half of the cases. Eleven of 68 subjects entering the
      study with a serum creatinine greater than or equal to 500 mumol/l had no
      previous knowledge of their chronic renal disease.

PMID- 4061121
TI  - Detection of coronary artery disease by means of exercise ECG in patients with
      aortic stenosis.
AB  - In a preoperative evaluation, 35 consecutive patients with aortic stenosis were
      examined by means of exercise ECG, Doppler and direct manometric measurements of
      the pressure difference over the aortic valve (delta P) and angiocardiography.
      Coronary artery disease (CAD) was found in 43% of the patients. Those with CAD
      had a lower mean maximum physical performance expressed as a percentage of the
      normal value (Wmax%), larger ST depressions and a higher effort angina (EA) score
      at the exercise test than the non-CAD group. Mean delta P was equal in the two
      groups. A myocardial coronary obstruction score covariated positively with a
      coronary insufficiency index (CT index = 100 X STdepr/Wmax%) and the EA score.
      There was no correlation between delta P and the EA score or the CI index. A CI
      index less than 3 and an EA score less than 2 were found in 49% of the patients
      and excluded the presence of CAD with a predictive accuracy of 88%, a better
      diagnostic complement to coronary arteriography than a history of EA.

PMID- 4061122
TI  - Evidence for deficiency of high density lipoprotein lecithin: cholesterol
      acyltransferase activity (alpha-LCAT) in fish eye disease.
AB  - In a rare familial condition, fish eye disease, there is a low relative content
      of cholesteryl esters in the plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) but a normal
      content of these lipids in the very low (VLDL) and low (LDL) density
      lipoproteins. Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) is the enzyme which
      mediates the esterification of free cholesterol in the plasma lipoproteins. In
      the present investigation, isolated HDL from our two fish eye disease patients
      were found to be excellent substrates during in vitro incubations with normal
      LCAT as present in lipoprotein depleted plasma from control subjects. Almost all
      free cholesterol of these HDL fractions became esterified and concomitantly the
      abnormally small fish eye disease HDL particles increased to a size in the range
      of that of normal HDL particles. Lipoprotein depleted plasma from fish eye
      disease, however, lacked the property of normal plasma to esterify the free
      cholesterol of HDL isolated from plasma of fish eye disease patients or control
      subjects. These results have led to the formulation of a new concept implying
      that two different LCAT activities exist in normal plasma. One of these
      activities, denoted alpha-LCAT, is specific for HDL (alpha-lipoproteins) and the
      other, beta-LCAT, is specific for VLDL-LDL (pre beta- and beta-lipoproteins).
      Fish eye disease according to this notion is classified as an alpha-LCAT
      deficiency in contrast to the classical LCAT deficiency which probably lacks both
      alpha- and beta-LCAT activities.

PMID- 4061123
TI  - Evidence for the presence in human plasma of lecithin: cholesterol
      acyltransferase activity (beta-LCAT) specifically esterifying free cholesterol of
      combined pre-beta- and beta-lipoproteins. Studies of fish eye disease patients
      and control subjects.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to test our hypothesis that two different
      lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activities exist in normal human
      plasma, one denoted alpha-LCAT esterifying the free cholesterol of high density
      lipoproteins (HDL) and the other denoted beta-LCAT acting on the free cholesterol
      of very low (VLDL) and low (LDL) density lipoproteins. Plasmas depleted of HDL
      were obtained by means of preparative ultracentrifugation. Incubation at 37
      degrees C of these plasma fractions from control subjects and patients with fish
      eye disease resulted in esterification of the remaining free cholesterol of
      combined VLDL and LDL (pre-beta- and beta-lipoproteins) in the HDL depleted
      plasmas. The shapes of the cholesterol esterification rate curves were similar
      for whole and HDL depleted plasmas from both control subjects and fish eye
      disease patients. In crosswise mixed incubation experiments with isolated
      combined VLD and LDL and total lipoprotein depleted plasma from a control subject
      and a patient with fish eye disease, respectively, esterification of free
      cholesterol occurred. Incubation of isolated total lipoproteins in plasma from a
      patient with LCAT deficiency mixed with total lipoprotein depleted plasma from a
      fish eye disease patient as a source of LCAT caused cholesterol esterification
      but did not result in normalization of the LCAT deficiency HDL particles, while
      the amount of normal-sized LDL particles increased. The present results support
      the hypothesis that a beta-LCAT exists in normal human plasma.

PMID- 4061124
TI  - Risk factors for ischaemic heart disease in men and women. Results of the 19-year
      follow-up of the Stockholm Prospective Study.
AB  - In this 19-year follow-up of the Stockholm Prospective Study (SPS), 321 male and
      55 female deaths from myocardial infarction (MI) had occurred. Fasting levels of
      plasma triglycerides acted as an independent risk factor for this cause of death
      in both sexes, which was the primary question asked when the SPS was designed.
      Other independent risk factors for MI were for men and women age, systolic blood
      pressure, smoking and for men only, plasma cholesterol, haemoglobin and
      erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

PMID- 4061125
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and intermittent claudication. Relation between peripheral
      vascular complications and location of the occlusive atherosclerosis in the legs.
AB  - Forty-seven diabetic patients with intermittent claudication without rest pain or
      gangrene at the initial examination were followed up over a six-year period. They
      were compared with 224 non-diabetic patients with intermittent claudication. The
      cumulative proportions of patients with gangrene were 31% in the diabetic group
      and 5% in the control group (p less than 0.001). The corresponding figures for
      rest pain and/or gangrene were 40 and 18%, respectively (p less than 0.001). The
      frequency of aorto-iliac and multiple stenoses was higher among diabetic patients
      who developed peripheral vascular complications (rest pain, gangrene) than in the
      control group. The frequency of multiple stenoses was also higher in the former
      subgroup than in diabetics without such complications. In conclusion, the degree
      of involvement of the large vessels in occlusive arterial disease influences the
      risk of development of peripheral vascular complications in diabetic patients
      with intermittent claudication.

PMID- 4061126
TI  - Effect of quinine on plasma digoxin concentration and renal digoxin clearance.
AB  - In order to explore the digoxin-quinine interaction, digoxin steady state
      pharmacokinetics was studied before and during quinine coadministration in seven
      healthy subjects. Quinine (250 mg/day) increased mean plasma digoxin
      concentration from 0.64 +/- 0.12 to 0.80 +/- 0.18 ng/ml (p less than 0.05) within
      one week. Urinary digoxin recovery rose from 154.0 +/- 18.8 to 181.5 +/- 22.6
      micrograms/24 h (p less than 0.01), whereas renal digoxin clearance was unaltered
      in the presence of quinine (181.5 +/- 24.2 vs. 174.1 +/- 26.5 ml/min). An
      increase in quinine dose (to 750 mg/day) caused further increments in plasma
      digoxin levels, whereas renal digoxin clearance remained unchanged. Quinine
      elevates plasma digoxin concentrations in a stepwise fashion probably due to an
      impairment of extrarenal digoxin clearance.

PMID- 4061127
TI  - Plasma exchange in the treatment of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia.
AB  - Five patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia, whose response to
      diet and medication was inadequate, received additional treatment with plasma
      exchange (PE). Two and a half to three liters of plasma were replaced by a 5%
      albumin solution once every 3 weeks. Treatment with diet and cholestyramine was
      continued. This resulted in a reduction of serum total cholesterol (Tot-c) by
      21.8-52.2% compared to pretreatment values. Normocholesterolaemia was not
      achieved. Since the mean Tot-c curve after PE exceeded the upper limit of the
      normal range approximately 10 days after exchange, the PE frequency was increased
      to once every 10 days. Tot-c was reduced by 42.6-57.5% and normocholesterolaemia
      was achieved in most cases. We conclude that normocholesterolaemia can be
      achieved by treatment which includes PE in all patients with heterozygous
      familial hypercholesterolaemia and inadequate response to the usual therapy.
      Individual adjustment of the PE frequency, based on the mean Tot-c curve after
      PE, is advised.

PMID- 4061128
TI  - Vasospastic ischaemia induced by the hyperventilation test in patients with a
      negative response to ergometrine.
AB  - We present the case histories of two patients with angina pectoris who developed
      coronary artery spasm in response to provocation with prolonged hyperventilation
      (verified by ST segment elevation in both and coronary angiography in one)
      despite a negative ECG response to intravenous injection of 0.4 mg ergometrine.
      This new observation, which is in conflict with recent publications stating that
      ergot provocation is more sensitive than hyperventilation, suggests that in some
      patients diagnostic provocation with hyperventilation may be an alternative to
      the widely used ergot provocation.

PMID- 4061129
TI  - First Soviet-Italian Symposium on Neurology. Mechanisms of epilepsy and
      demyelinating diseases. (Leningrad, 12-14 June 1984).

PMID- 4061130
TI  - The emotional brain in man.

PMID- 4061131
TI  - Kainic acid as a tool for the study of the maturation of limbic epilepsy in the
      rat.

PMID- 4061132
TI  - Neurochemical heterogeneity of the pathogenesis of epilepsy.

PMID- 4061133
TI  - GABA and epilepsy: a study on thin hippocampus slices in vitro.

PMID- 4061134
TI  - The role of CSF- and hemodynamics disorders in the pathogenesis of epilepsy.

PMID- 4061135
TI  - Reflex epilepsy. A proposal for classification and pathogenetic suggestions.

PMID- 4061136
TI  - Carbamazepine serum levels in epileptics. Influence of age, sex, body weight and
      interaction with phenobarbital.

PMID- 4061137
TI  - Some EEG criteria of the efficiency of angiosurgical treatment of "vascular
      epilepsy".

PMID- 4061138
TI  - Epilepsy and mental retardation. Study in a population of institutionalized
      patients.

PMID- 4061140
TI  - Pathogenetic appraisal of mechanisms of demyelinating diseases: contemporary
      alternative.

PMID- 4061139
TI  - Clinical and EEG findings in agenesis of the corpus callosum.

PMID- 4061141
TI  - Demyelinating processes of viral nature and ways for investigate their etiology
      and pathogenesis.

PMID- 4061142
TI  - The principle of permanent immuno-endocrine modulation in therapy of multiple
      sclerosis.

PMID- 4061143
TI  - Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) in the study of
      cerebrospinal fluid proteins.

PMID- 4061144
TI  - The peculiarities of the antibrain antibodies in multiple sclerosis and other
      diseases accompanied by myelin destruction.

PMID- 4061146
TI  - Principles of rehabilitation of patients with multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 4061147
TI  - Chronic relapsing polyneuritis: clinical, pathological and electrophysiological
      studies of five cases.

PMID- 4061145
TI  - Surgical treatment of the hyperkinetic form of multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 4061149
TI  - Alterations in ingestive behaviour following basal ganglia stimulation in cats.

PMID- 4061148
TI  - Immunohistochemical study of cultured skin fibroblasts from giant axonal
      neuropathy. Pathology of the intermediate filament protein.

PMID- 4061151
TI  - A unique case of "masturbatory" seizures in primary generalized epilepsy.

PMID- 4061150
TI  - Assessment of spinal cord conduction in cervical myelopathies by spinal stenosis
      or herniated disc.

PMID- 4061152
TI  - Centronuclear myopathy. Report of a sporadic case.

PMID- 4061153
TI  - Central core disease and congenital scoliosis. Study of one case.

PMID- 4061154
TI  - Basilar artery migraine in children.

PMID- 4061155
TI  - [Personality changes in patients with major affective disorders].

PMID- 4061156
TI  - [Perception of a person's face and the process of personalization
      depersonalization].

PMID- 4061157
TI  - [Diagnostic yield of basal cortisol in a sample of depressed patients].

PMID- 4061158
TI  - [Utilization of health services in Social Security: the specialty of neurology in
      the Autonomous Community of Valencia].

PMID- 4061160
TI  - Some aspects of drug monitoring.

PMID- 4061161
TI  - [Body weight and body height of newborn twins].

PMID- 4061159
TI  - The chondrocranium of Cryptoprocta ferox.

PMID- 4061162
TI  - [Anamnestic conditions of adolescent twins in East Germany].

PMID- 4061163
TI  - [Observations on circulatory regulation during the school day].

PMID- 4061164
TI  - [Objectivity of blood pressure determination].

PMID- 4061165
TI  - [Comparison of Lesigang's moto-neurological examination with the classical
      neurological examination in 6-to-7-year-old children].

PMID- 4061166
TI  - [Psychometric studies of the functional performance of epileptic children with
      normal intelligence].

PMID- 4061167
TI  - [Ascending projection of the abducens internuclear neurons to the contralateral
      oculomotor complex].

PMID- 4061168
TI  - [Morphological study of uveitis-induced cataract].

PMID- 4061169
TI  - [Study on the pharmacological effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on the human
      eye. Report 1. Effects of PGE1 on intraocular pressure, pupilla diameter and
      aqueous flow].

PMID- 4061171
TI  - [Distribution of current intensities inside the electrically stimulated eye].

PMID- 4061170
TI  - [Developmental abnormalities of the anterior segment of the eye induced in mice
      by ochratoxin A].

PMID- 4061172
TI  - [Convergence nystagmus].

PMID- 4061173
TI  - [Histopathological study of the vicinity of the vitreo-retinal interface after
      severe xenon photocoagulation of the ocular fundus in the rabbit--one activity of
      hyalocytes].

PMID- 4061174
TI  - [Study of papilledema. 2. The histopathology in experimental ocular hypotensive
      rats].

PMID- 4061175
TI  - [Effect of the size of the disc cup on the area of the isopters in normal, ocular
      hypertension and glaucomatous eyes].

PMID- 4061177
TI  - [Histopathological study of the trabecular meshwork and iris in exfoliation
      syndrome with glaucoma].

PMID- 4061176
TI  - [Central retinal vein occlusion in young adults].

PMID- 4061178
TI  - [Computerized photogrammetric method of the measurement of the anterior chamber
      volume].

PMID- 4061179
TI  - [Trial of an equation of spherical aberration in human eyes].

PMID- 4061180
TI  - [Clinical features and prognosis of retinal detachment with retinal breaks
      located posterior to the equator].

PMID- 4061181
TI  - [Experimental implantation of a silicone tube with a valve mechanism for
      reduction of intraocular pressure].

PMID- 4061182
TI  - [Retinal damage in micro-circulatory disturbance of the choroid. 3. A long-term
      follow up].

PMID- 4061183
TI  - [Experimental study on the development of collateral shunt vessels following
      anterior uveal circulatory disturbances in the rabbit eye. 2. Occlusion of the
      vortex veins].

PMID- 4061184
TI  - An immunological follow-up of chronic adnexitis.

PMID- 4061185
TI  - Precordial accelerography.

PMID- 4061186
TI  - [Acute renal insufficiency with anuria following continuous bladder irrigation
      using a glycine solution].

PMID- 4061187
TI  - [Ureteral and kidney pelvp6is metastases of a hypernephroma].

PMID- 4061188
TI  - [Percutaneous nephrolithotomy].

PMID- 4061189
TI  - Experience with percutaneous stone manipulation. Comparison between early and
      later results.

PMID- 4061190
TI  - [Spontaneous peri-renal urinoma].

PMID- 4061191
TI  - [Colonic tumor following ureterosigmoidostomy].

PMID- 4061192
TI  - [Urinary incontinence in women over 75. Clinical, etiopathogenic and therapeutic
      aspects].

PMID- 4061193
TI  - [Sphincter resistance and stress incontinence].

PMID- 4061194
TI  - [The pad test. Quantitative evaluation of urinary incontinence].

PMID- 4061196
TI  - [Non-neurologic neurogenic bladder].

PMID- 4061195
TI  - [Bladder-sphincter dysfunction following rectal excision surgery].

PMID- 4061197
TI  - [21 cases of neurologic bladder in children].

PMID- 4061198
TI  - [Intermittent catheterization in the treatment of neurologic bladder in
      children].

PMID- 4061199
TI  - [Two cases of nonfunctioning adrenocortical adenoma].
AB  - Two cases of benign nonfunctioning adrenocortical adenoma found incidentally by
      computerized tomography (CT)scan are presented. One patient had some abnormal
      values in subsequent endocrine studies, but did not have any recognizable
      clinical syndromes. The adenomas were removed surgically.

PMID- 4061200
TI  - [A case of retroperitoneal neurinoma].
AB  - Retroperitoneal neurinoma is a rare disease, although retroperitoneal tumor is
      rather common. A 40-year-old man without any clinical symptoms was admitted to
      our hospital for a medical examination. Ultrasonogram demonstrated a cystic mass
      over the right kidney. This cystic mass was suggested to be a right adrenal tumor
      by CT scan and angiogram. All of the laboratory data including endocrinological
      data were within the normal limits. Under the diagnosis of right non-functioning
      adrenal tumor, an operation was performed through a right lumbal incision. A
      round and tennis ball sized tumor with a fibrous capsule was identified and freed
      from the right kidney and the right adrenal gland, and the tumor was extirpated
      uneventfully. The surgical specimen was 9.5 X 8.0 X 6.5 cm in size, 260 g in
      weight, and the histological diagnosis was neurinoma (Antoni-B type).

PMID- 4061201
TI  - [A case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the kidney].
AB  - A case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the left kidney is reported. A 16-year
      old boy was admitted with the complaint of left abdominal pain and fever on
      January 6, 1983. Radiological examination showed a tumor of the left kidney; and,
      nephrectomy was performed. Histopathologically the entire tumor was composed of
      undifferentiated round cells. Diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma was made on
      the basis of special stains including immunohistochemical study with nervous
      tissue specific enolase. Although radiation and chemotherapy were performed
      postoperatively, the tumor recurred and the patient died on October 22, 1983. The
      problems of differential diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma from sarcomatous
      types of nephroblastoma, particularly rhabdoid tumor and other undifferentiated
      renal tumors were discussed. Fifteen rhabdomyosarcoma of the kidney including our
      case have been reported in the Japanese literature.

PMID- 4061202
TI  - [A case of successful removal of a ureteral stone by using the Rutner balloon
      dilatation helical stone extractor: accompanied with percutaneous
      nephrolithotomy].
AB  - A case of successful removal of a residual upper ureteral stone (9 X 6 mm) by
      Rutner balloon dilatation helical stone extractor which moved from renal pelvis
      during percutaneous nephrolithotomy for right renal pelvic stone (12 X 11 mm), is
      reported. This is the first successful case in Japan.

PMID- 4061203
TI  - [Severe cyclophosphamide hemorrhagic cystitis controlled with transurethral
      electrocoagulation: a case report].
AB  - A case of massive cyclophosphamide hemorrhagic cystitis is presented. A 47-year
      old woman with Evans syndrome was treated with a total dose of 56.6 g of
      cyclophosphamide for 2 years. Six months after the cessation of administration,
      massive hemorrhagic cystitis suddenly occurred following a common cold.
      Embolization of bilateral internal iliac arteries was ineffective. Therefore we
      performed transurethral electrocoagulation broadly for bleeding mucosa. The day
      after operation, bleeding from the bladder remarkably decreased and further
      transfusions were hardly required.

PMID- 4061204
TI  - [Vesico-uterine fistula: a case report and review].
AB  - A case of vesico-uterine fistula which occurred after cesarean section is
      reported. Sixty cases of vesico-uterine fistula, including this case, in the
      Japanese literature have been reviewed. We have made a discussion on the
      etiology, symptoms and treatment of these cases.

PMID- 4061206
TI  - [Tuberculosis of the penis: report of a case and review of the literature].
AB  - Tuberculosis of the penis is a rare disease. We report a case of tuberculosis of
      the penis. A 51-year-old man noticed a painless induration with a central
      ulceration on the glans penis. He had a history of tuberculosis of cervical lymph
      nodes, right epididymis and leg skin. Examination of the other parts showed no
      evidence of tuberculosis. Tuberculin test was strongly positive. The skin lesion
      of the glans was excised. The pathology was epithelioid cell granuloma with
      Langhans' giant cell, indicative of tuberculosis. But acid-fast bacilli were not
      detected in the Ziehl-Neelsen preparation of the tissue. The patient was treated
      with isoniazid, rifampicin and cycloserine. After the treatment for approximately
      5 months, recurrence was not observed and enlargement of cervical lymphadenopathy
      improved. We reviewed 39 cases of tuberculosis of the penis reported in Japan
      during the past 14 years.

PMID- 4061205
TI  - [Giant liposarcoma of the spermatic cord: report of a case].
AB  - We report a case of a 3,100 g giant liposarcoma of the spermatic cord in an 88
      year-old man. The tumor had been present for 13 years. The pathological diagnosis
      was well-differentiated liposarcoma of sclerosing type. Twenty-two cases of
      spermatic cord liposarcoma found in the Japanese literature were reviewed. This
      case was thought to be of the largest tumor and oldest patient in the Japanese
      literature.

PMID- 4061207
TI  - [A case of Fournier's gangrene requiring extensive debridement including
      bilateral orchiectomy and amputation of the penis].
AB  - With the evolution of antibiotic agents, necrotizing fasciitis of the male
      genitalia first described by Fournier has become rare. However, its mortality
      rate is still high. We present a severe case of this disease. An 80-year-old man
      who had poor controlled diabetes mellitus was admitted to our hospital with
      painful swelling of penoscrotal region. Chemotherapy using broad-spectrum
      antibiotics and drainage of penis, scrotum and lower abdominal wall was performed
      combined with insulin therapy. Despite the drainage and aggressive chemotherapy
      with insulin therapy, the gangrene enlarged rapidly and the patient's general
      condition was getting very poor. Then, we performed extensive debridement
      including bilateral orchiectomy and amputation of the penis. After the operation,
      the patient became afebrile and his general condition was improved.

PMID- 4061208
TI  - [A study on the levels of cefoperazone in urological organs].
AB  - The concentration of Cefoperazone (CPZ) in urological organs and serum was
      measured after the intravenous administration of 2 g of CPZ. Serum levels on
      healthy adults attained a maximal value of 122.1 +/- 4.2 micrograms/ml at 30
      minutes. Serum levels of patients operated under general anesthesia attained a
      maximal value of 159.0 +/- 13.9 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes. Serum concentration
      on operated cases continued to be 1.3-2.2 fold higher than that of the healthy
      adults. Prostate tissue levels attained a maximal value of 80.9 +/- 3.6
      micrograms/g at 30 minutes, vesical tissue levels were 52.1 +/- 1.3 microgram/g
      at 60 minutes and renal tissue were 94.0 +/- 14.5 micrograms/g at 90 minutes.
      Judging from the minimal inhibitory concentration of CPZ, CPZ seemed to be
      clinically useful in the treatment of urological infections.

PMID- 4061209
TI  - [A clinical study of urolithiasis in Shizuoka City Hospital--stone analysis and
      24-hour urine calcium and uric acid levels].
AB  - Stone analysis was performed for 216 urinary calculi which were obtained from 205
      patients in our hospital from January, 1980 to June, 1984. The results revealed
      161 calcium stones, 21 uric acid stones, 19 struvite stones, 2 cystine stones and
      13 others. Sixty one of the 205 patients (male 44, female 17) and 19 controls
      (male 11, female 8) were investigated for 24-hour urine calcium and uric acid.
      Forty seven of the patients had calcium stones, 7 of the patients had uric acid
      stones and 7 of the patients had struvite stones. The mean 24-hour urine calcium
      level was 146.8 +/- 76.5 mg/day for the male controls and 139.1 +/- 69.9 mg/day
      for the female controls. The mean 24-hour urine uric acid level was 528.1 +/-
      132.6 mg/day for the male controls and 362.0 +/- 135.2 mg/day for the female
      controls. The mean 24-hour urine calcium level for the male calcium-stone group
      was 214.6 +/- 96.8 mg/day, and it was significantly higher than that for the male
      controls (p less than 0.05). The 24-hour urine analysis revealed abnormalities in
      17 urolithiasis patients (27.9%) including hypercalciuria in 11 patients (18.0%)
      and hyperuricosuria in 9 patients (14.1%).

PMID- 4061210
TI  - [Percutaneous ultrasonic nepholithotripsy].
AB  - Herein we report our experience of percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy on 32
      renal calculus patients between March and December 1984. Renal calculus removal
      was successful in over 78.1% of the patients (91.3% for recent 4 months). All
      patients had bloody urine after tract dilatation and calculus removal, but this
      usually cleared in 24-48 hours. No patients have required blood transfusion. The
      major essential contribution responsible for the success of this technique was a
      nephrostomy placement made accessible to calculi. Percutaneous ultrasonic
      lithotripsy, when combined with adjuncts such as flexible nephroscopy and
      radiological stone manipulations using stone grasping forceps and Dormia basket
      catheter, is an effective treatment for renal calculi, with a success rate of
      over 90%.

PMID- 4061211
TI  - [Evaluation of neurogenic bladder in patients with spinal cord injury using a
      CMG.EMG study and CMG.UFM.EMG study].
AB  - Simultaneous recording of intravesical pressure, sphincter electromyography and
      uroflowmetry (CMG.UFM.EMG study) was performed following cystometry
      simultaneously with electromyography (CMG.EMG study) on 20 patients with spinal
      cord injuries. Differences in the influence to micturition between the CMG.EMG
      study and CMG.UFM.EMG study is thought to be due to whether the catheter is
      indwelling in the urethra or not. We examined those differences and patient's
      rehabilitation maneuver (Cred'e maneuver). Micturition pressure and opening
      pressure measured by the CMG.EMG study were larger than that measured by the
      CMG.UFM.EMG study (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.01 respectively). Incidence of
      detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia measured by the CMG.EMG study was greater than
      that measured by the CMG.UFM.EMG study in the detrusor hyperreflexic cases. The
      Cred'e maneuver caused increase in opening pressure, micturition pressure and
      peak flow rate, but the voiding volume and voiding time did not increase to any
      effective extent. The Cred'e maneuver exaggerated the detrusor sphincter
      dyssynergia.

PMID- 4061212
TI  - [Statistics on operations in the Department of Urology, Kobe University School of
      Medicine (January, 1976 to December, 1980)].
AB  - Statistical observations on operations performed in our department from 1976 to
      1980 were reviewed, especially in comparison with the statistics for the
      preceding 10 years. Operations on the kidney were the most frequent, as they were
      in the preceding 10 years, but operations on the bladder have increased
      remarkably, in 1980 accounting for more than those on the kidney. During this
      period, operations for benign diseases such as lithotomy of the upper urinary
      tract and prostatectomy tended to decrease. On the other hand, operations for
      malignant diseases of kidney, bladder and scrotal contents steadily increased.
      Transurethral operations are still increasing, especially for bladder tumors. It
      has been established that bladder tumors should be treated by either TUR-BT or
      total cystectomy and not by partial cystectomy. As to urinary diversion, ileal
      conduit was the main procedure used during this 5-year period instead of
      cutaneous ureterostomy.

PMID- 4061213
TI  - [Diagnosis of retroperitoneal lymph node swelling by computed tomography in
      advanced testicular cancer patients, with special reference to retrocrural lymph
      node swelling].
AB  - We tried to divide anatomically the retroperitoneal space into three areas on
      computed tomography, infrahilar, suprahilar and retrocrural spaces, and
      investigated the relationship between frequency of lymph node swelling in each
      space and clinical picture in 15 patients with testicular cancer of stage II or
      III, particularly focusing on the lymph node swelling in the retrocrural space.
      Lymph node swelling was found in the infrahilar space in 11 cases (73.3%), in the
      suprahilar space in 7 cases (46.7%) and in the retrocrural space in 6 cases
      (40.0%). Retrocrural or suprahilar lymph node swelling was always accompanied by
      suprahilar or infrahilar lymph node swelling. Most of the patients with
      retrocrural lymph node swelling had bulky tumors in the infrahilar level and
      frequently cervical lymph node swelling. Retrocrural lymph node swelling did not
      necessarily affect the patient's prognosis. The retrocrural lymph node seems to
      be a sentinel node for retroperitoneal lymph node swelling not only in the case
      of testicular cancer but also in the cancer of urogenital malignancies.

PMID- 4061214
TI  - [Experience in using a ureterorenoscope in 14 cases].
AB  - We carried out studies using an ureterorenoscope in 14 cases, including 13
      patients suffering from an ureteral stone. The stone was smaller than 1 cm and
      existed in lower and middle portion. The other patient had a foreign substance,
      which was a double J-stent catheter that had been passed into the middle portion
      of the ureter accidentally. Initially, the size and course of ureter, the
      position of stone and foreign substance were ascertained using a retrograde
      pyelogram. The patients were placed in a lithotomy position under spinal
      anesthesia or epidural anesthesia. The ureterorenoscope was inserted into the
      bladder through urethra and the instrument was further extended through ureteral
      orifice and ureteral lumen to the position of the calculus or foreign substance
      while observing the procedure. Once the calculus or foreign substance was
      observed, a 4F Pfister-Schwartz stone retriever or forceps was inserted through
      working channel. After coming in contact with the stone or foreign substance, the
      matter was removed while observing it with the scope. The foreign substance and
      77% of the stones observed were removed by this procedure and the usefulness of
      the ureterorenoscope was successfully demonstrated in the cases. However, on the
      other hand, of these 14 cases, 2 (14%) experienced ureteral injury. In one case,
      the ureter was penetrated by the scope; and in another, injury occurred during
      the biopsy of the ureteral wall. Therefore, it is our opinion that more careful
      use of the ureterorenoscope is necessary to prevent these types of injuries.

PMID- 4061215
TI  - [Diagnostic importance of CT in early stage renal cell carcinoma].
AB  - Our experience of finding a small renal cell carcinoma by CT suggested the
      diagnostic importance of CT in the early stage of the tumor. The patient was a
      forty-year-old woman who had suffered several times from pyelonephritis. She
      consulted us for detailed examination. IVP showed only slight deformity like a
      calyceal diverticulum at the upper pole of the left kidney. Ultrasonic tomography
      failed to expose the region. Enhanced CT revealed a small space occupying lesion
      like a simple renal cyst at the region, though plain CT revealed no abnormal
      findings. From the comparison of these two CT, she was diagnosed to have renal
      cell carcinoma which was confirmed by renal arteriography. Subsequently,
      transabdominal left nephrectomy was performed. Pathological diagnosis was renal
      cell carcinoma (clear cell type). The tumor size was very small, 1.5 cm in
      diameter. Comparison of plain and enhanced CT were considered important to
      diagnose a small tumor, and CT is now the most useful examination to detect early
      stage renal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 4061216
TI  - [Six cases of spontaneous peripelvic extravasation from the renal pelvis].
AB  - The diagnosis and management of 6 patients with spontaneous non-traumatic urinary
      extravasation are reported. It is important to distinguish extravasation of the
      fornical backflow type from that owing to frank rupture of the diseased renal
      pelvis. In Japan, 26 cases of spontaneous peripelvic extravasation and 29 cases
      of spontaneous pelvic rupture have been reported. Most of them were caused by
      calculous ureteral obstruction. Many of the cases of spontaneous peripelvic
      extravasation could be managed conservatively, and many of the cases of
      spontaneous pelvic rupture often required surgical treatment due to the patient's
      clinical condition, the persistence of obstruction or extravasation, or the
      presence of complication of extravasation such as urinoma or abscess. All of our
      6 cases were managed conservatively and had no complications.

PMID- 4061217
TI  - [The ectopic ureter: a report of 7 cases].
AB  - Seven cases, 6 females and a male, of extravesical ureteral ectopia have been
      reviewed. In a girl, the ectopic ureter drained the upper pole moiety of the
      duplicated system. There were 6 patients with single ectopic ureters, including a
      case with absence of the contralateral kidney. Careful inspection of the vaginal
      wall and endoscopic examination of the urethra revealed the ectopic ureteral
      orifice in most cases. The use of renal scan was helpful in the diagnosis of a
      poorly functioning kidney which could not be demonstrated on intravenous
      urography. When associated with a poorly functioning dysplastic kidney, it was
      managed by nephroureterectomy. Ureteral reimplantation was performed in 2 cases,
      but no improvement of continence was noted in the case of the solitary kidney.

PMID- 4061218
TI  - [A case of sigmoid-vesical fistula complicating diverticulitis of the colon].
AB  - The clinical course of sigmoidvesical fistula due to rupture of colonic
      diverticulitis is described. The patient, a 72-year-old-man, had chief complaints
      of cloudy urine, pneumaturia and fecaluria. The fistula was diagnosed by
      cystoscopy. In this case, primary resection of the sigmoid colon and wedge
      resection of the bladder including fistula were performed, and the sigmoidvesical
      fistula was completely cured. Statistical analysis was made on 43 cases of
      colovesical fistula due to diverticulitis in Japan including our own case.

PMID- 4061219
TI  - [Four cases of Salmonella urinary tract infection].
AB  - Although gastroenteritis is the most common manifestation of salmonella infection
      in man, focal involvement of the urinary tract is not frequently encountered. For
      the last eight years we observed four cases of salmonella urinary tract
      infection. One case had ureterocele and the others had calculous diseases. All
      cases were treated with chemotherapy and surgical intervention. One patient died
      and the others were cured.

PMID- 4061220
TI  - [A case of mixed gonadal dysgenesis with structural abnormalities of X chromosome
      (Xp+)].
AB  - An abnormal extra band on the short arm of the X chromosome was found in a 7-year
      old reared as a female, of mixed gonadal dysgenesis. She had ambiguous external
      genitalia, scoliosis, short stature, mental retardation and motor paralysis of
      the limbs. Chromosomal analysis revealed the karyotype of 46,Xp+ Y. An uterus
      with fallopian tube, a streak gonad on the left side and a testicle on the right
      side were discovered at exploratory laparotomy. Bilateral gonads and fallopian
      tube were removed. The chromosomal analysis of her normal mother showed the
      presence of the same abnormal X chromosome (46, X Xp+). In the literature, we
      found some cases of intersexuality with Xp+ in karyotype. The relationship
      between our own case and these Xp+ cases was discussed briefly. Thirty-five cases
      of mixed gonadal dysgenesis have been reported in Japanese literature, our own
      case being the 36th case.

PMID- 4061221
TI  - [Clinical statistics on inpatients and operations at the Department of Urology,
      Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka, 1978-1983].
AB  - Statistical observations were made on the 2,483 inpatients and 2,082 operations
      seen at our department between January 1978 and December 1983.

PMID- 4061222
TI  - [A survey on the current status and trends in bladder irrigation].
AB  - Questionnaires were sent to pharmacies and clinics in 592 Japanese hospitals from
      July to November, 1983 to investigate the use of bladder irrigation. The
      questionnaires were completed and returned by 418 hospitals, the rate of response
      being 70.8%. Fifty eight kinds of irrigants were prepared in hospital pharmacies
      and were reported to have been used in 1,171 patients. Of these irrigants,
      chlorhexidine gluconate accounted for 18.8%, Polymyxin B for 17.1%, normal saline
      for 13.3%, potassium permanganate for 6.9%, and boric acid for 5.7%.
      Chlorhexidine gluconate was usually used at a concentration of 0.02% (in 79% of
      the total use of the agent), Polymyxin B at 0.01%, 0.02% and 0.05%, potassium
      permanganate at 0.01% and 0.02% (in 73% of the total use), and acrinol at 0.01%,
      0.05% and 0.1%. To questions about side effects, such as irritation, 65 hospitals
      answered that irritation had occurred. Irrigants were most frequently supplied to
      non-disposable 500 ml containers used exclusively for this purpose, 38% of all
      the hospitals using this method. Non-disposable 1 liter containers for exclusive
      use with bladder irrigants were used in 23% of the hospitals. Purified water was
      most frequently used to prepare the bladder irrigants (in 35% of hospitals)
      followed in descending order, by sterile purified water in 33%, and distilled
      water for injection in 26%. Water for irrigants was prepared at the hospital in
      83% of the hospitals. The time of storage of the prepared bladder irrigants was
      mostly one week to one month, and was within one month in 78% of the hospitals.
      Seventeen percent of the hospitals answered that the preparation of bladder
      irrigants was a cause of overwork in their pharmacies. Irrigants against
      Pseudomonas infections were prepared separately in 40% of the hospitals, and
      there was no such regulation in 37%. Forty four agents were used to prepare such
      irrigants, and Polymyxin B accounted for 50%. The use of these agents
      significantly (P less than 0.001) differed between hospitals. Forty eight percent
      of the hospitals made special preparations for patients with clouded urine, and
      there was no such regulation in 46%. Thirty nine agents were used for this
      purpose. Polymyxin B was used in 30%, and chlorhexidine gluconate in 19%. The use
      of these agents differed significantly (P less than 0.001) between
      hospitals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4061223
TI  - [Therapeutic experiences of seishinrenshiin in patients with equivocal complaints
      of the lower urinary tract].
AB  - To study its clinical effect, Tsumura Seishinrenshiin, was administered to male
      patients of chronic prostatitis and urethritis with various equivocal complaints
      of the lower urinary tract and female patients complaining of cystitoid symptoms
      inspite of normal urine. These subjects were 35 males, 20 to 69 years and 7
      females 22 to 78 years. For the patients who had constitutionally infirm stomach
      and intestines the rate of effectiveness reached 41%, which was rather
      satisfactory. For the other patients, however, it was only 28%. Besides no
      correlation was observed between the age of patient and the effectiveness. A
      combined administration of antibiotics and antibacterial agents led to no
      increase in the effectiveness. All of the side effects were rather slight, which
      permitted its continuous administration over a period of more than 4 weeks. From
      the above findings Seishinrenshiin was expected to be both effective for the
      patients who have constitutionally infirm stomach and intestines and can be used
      safely.

PMID- 4061224
TI  - [Puncture technology and selective renal biopsy].
AB  - An experimental study of puncture technology for the kidney: We investigated the
      strength characteristics of tissues which are penetrated by the puncture needle
      for the kidney using a tension test. The tensile strength of the fascia, the
      muscle, the renal capsule, the renal parenchyma and the renal pelvis were 13.9,
      1.1, 29.5, 0.5 and 21.4 kg/cm2, respectively. As the strengths differ, the
      needles for each tissue clearly need to be changed. Needle tip shape and needle
      material for kidney puncture were investigated by compression test, acryl resin
      injection into the renal vasculature, stereo-microscopy and scanning electron
      microscopy. These investigations revealed that the most suitable needle tip was a
      sharp cone shape, and material with a smooth surface and some flexibility such as
      Derlin seemed to be the most appropriate for the puncture needle for the kidney.
      Using the acryl resin injection method, stereo-microscopy and scanning electron
      microscopy, we studied the relative safety of single stage puncture and the
      repeated dilatation method to establish percutaneous nephrostomy. Single stage
      puncture seems to cause less damage to the kidney than the repeated dilatation
      method. Selective renal biopsy: A new puncture system using real-time ultrasound
      was developed at our clinic in 1978. The puncture procedure is monitored in 2
      dimensional real-time images by a mechanical sector scanner equipped with an
      attachment for needle guidance. The application of the system to percutaneous
      renal biopsy is called "selective renal biopsy" because the specimen can be
      obtained selectively from any portion of the kidney.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4061225
TI  - [Percutaneous nephroureterolithotomy].
AB  - The authors experienced 175 cases of percutaneous nephro-ureterolithotomy during
      the last thirty-three months. Complete stone removal was successful in 161 cases
      (92%). Success rate was up to 99%, if we concluded cases which had small residual
      fragments although the greater part of the stones was removed. Percutaneous
      nephrolithotomy, using rigid or flexible nephroscopes combined with any of the
      stone destruction methods (intensive ultrasound, electrohydraulic effect and
      laser beam) is less invasive for the patients and shortens the hospital stay
      duration. In combination with extracorporeal shock wave and transurethral
      ureteral lithotripsy, this method may replace the conventional surgical
      procedures for urolithiasis in the near future.

PMID- 4061226
TI  - Urea concentration in bulk milk as an indicator of the protein supply at the herd
      level.

PMID- 4061227
TI  - Barium selenate: a long-acting selenium preparation for subcutaneous injection.

PMID- 4061228
TI  - Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D concentrations in beef cattle herds in which ruptures
      of the Achilles tendon had occurred.

PMID- 4061229
TI  - Ova transport and fertility after resection of the oviductal isthmus in pigs.

PMID- 4061230
TI  - The Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate test: detection of endotoxin in plasma of swine and
      cattle. I. In vitro investigations.

PMID- 4061231
TI  - The Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate test: detection of endotoxin in plasma of swine and
      cattle. II. In vivo investigations.

PMID- 4061233
TI  - Chronic poisoning in a lamb grazing Phalaris arundinacea.

PMID- 4061232
TI  - Seriousness and stability of subclinical mastitis assessed by quarter milk serum
      albumin.

PMID- 4061234
TI  - A synopsis of surgical care of geriatric patients.

PMID- 4061235
TI  - Rating maturity in adolescent athletes.

PMID- 4061237
TI  - An exit interview with Alice Chenault. Interview by James F. Gauthier.

PMID- 4061236
TI  - Athletic pre-participation examinations.

PMID- 4061238
TI  - Traveler's diarrhea.

PMID- 4061239
TI  - Testicular self-examination.

PMID- 4061240
TI  - Osteoporosis.
AB  - Osteoporosis is the most common bone disorder in the United States. Bone mass is
      decreased, and porosity and fragility are increased. Dual-beam photon
      absorptiometry is currently considered the best detection technique. Prevention
      involves increased calcium intake and avoidance of diets high in protein and
      phosphates, excessive alcohol consumption and smoking. Estrogen therapy is
      recommended for most oophorectomized or postmenopausal women, at least for a few
      years. The addition of progestins to the regimen reduces the risk of endometrial
      cancer.

PMID- 4061241
TI  - Syncope in adolescents.
AB  - Syncope is common in adolescents. It is usually attributable to simple faint, but
      the differential diagnosis includes other, less common disorders, such as
      migraine, epilepsy, hyperventilation, hysteria and cardiac dysrhythmia or outflow
      obstruction. The patient's feelings immediately before and after the syncopal
      episode will help the physician determine the cause. An observer's description of
      the event may also be helpful. Laboratory evaluation is seldom necessary.

PMID- 4061242
TI  - Multiple sclerosis: Part II. Common functional problems and rehabilitation.
AB  - Cognitive impairments, often unrecognized in multiple sclerosis, include memory
      loss, new learning problems, denial and depression. Spasticity and incoordination
      of the oropharyngeal and respiratory muscles create functional problems with
      speech and swallowing. Genitourinary problems include sexual dysfunction and
      neurogenic bladder. Specific measures can be used to alleviate these problems.

PMID- 4061243
TI  - Nondomestic mammalian bites.
AB  - Life-threatening injuries resulting from wild animal bites are always treated
      first. Local wound management varies, depending on the type of wound and its
      location, but scrupulous cleansing and copious irrigation are mandatory. Tetanus
      prophylaxis and rabies prophylaxis are provided according to accepted guidelines.
      Antibiotic prophylaxis is not routinely necessary but is advisable for wounds of
      the hands or joints and for wounds in immunocompromised individuals.

PMID- 4061244
TI  - Sites of multiple lesions in recurrent genital herpes.
AB  - The location of herpes lesions affects the potential for infection of sexual
      partners and newborn infants. During a six-month study of more than 100 patients,
      60 percent of the women and 55 percent of the men had as many as six different
      lesion sites, both genital and extragenital. Multiple outbreaks of lesions may
      occur simultaneously, or lesions may form at different times during the same
      recurrence. These are often inconspicuous and usually go undetected.

PMID- 4061245
TI  - Management of giardiasis.
AB  - Giardia lamblia is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea in the world. In
      the United States, it has been cited as the cause of several epidemics of
      waterborne disease. The organism has cyst and trophozoite forms, but only the
      cyst can exist outside the host. The gastrointestinal symptoms of giardiasis are
      usually self-limited, but chronic cases may occur. Patient education helps reduce
      public anxiety during an epidemic.

PMID- 4061246
TI  - Acute and subacute upper airway obstruction.

PMID- 4061247
TI  - Urinary incontinence in the elderly.

PMID- 4061248
TI  - Toxicology of asbestos.

PMID- 4061249
TI  - Experts probe proper diagnosis of child abuse.

PMID- 4061250
TI  - 'Obstructive' vs. 'cholestatic' jaundice.

PMID- 4061251
TI  - Cat scratch skin testing antigen.

PMID- 4061252
TI  - Regional left ventricular systolic function in patients with segmental early
      relaxation and single-vessel coronary artery disease.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether systolic function is
      compromised in segments of the left ventricle that manifest early relaxation and
      are supplied by a diseased coronary artery. Regional fractional area of
      shortening (FAS) was evaluated from resting ventriculograms of 24 patients. Nine
      patients had no cardiac disease or segmental early relaxation (SER) and served as
      controls. Fifteen patients had single-vessel coronary artery disease (60% to 95%
      diameter stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery). Among these
      15 patients, seven had no evidence of SER and eight had SER localized to the
      anterior wall. In patients with coronary disease and SER, and FAS of the
      anterolateral segment, 1.30 +/- 0.08, was greater than either controls, 1.07 +/-
      0.12 (p less than 0.01) or patients with coronary disease but no SER, 1.03 +/-
      0.19 (p less than 0.01). Among patients with coronary disease and SER, the FAS of
      the anterolateral segment was greater than the corresponding diaphragmatic
      segment (1.30 +/- 0.08 vs 0.97 +/- 0.12) (p less than 0.001). There was no
      difference in the FAS between these two segments in either controls or in
      patients with coronary disease, but without SER. These results indicate that SER
      of the anterior wall in patients with disease of the left anterior descending
      coronary artery is associated with enhanced systolic function of the
      anterolateral region. This observation is incompatible with the concept that
      ischemia is an underlying mechanism of SER.

PMID- 4061253
TI  - High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and angiographic coronary artery disease in
      black patients.
AB  - The clinical epidemiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) among black patients
      has not been well described, particularly in relation to the impact of the major
      risk factors. Lipoprotein profiles and other risk factors were measured in 114
      black patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for probable CAD. Patients
      (coronary narrowing of 50% or greater; n = 63) were compared to those without
      significant stenoses (n = 51). Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol (LDLC) were both significantly associated with the presence of CAD in
      men and women; however, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) had
      discriminatory value only for women. The ratio of total cholesterol to HDLC
      (TC:HDL) separated patients from control subjects in both sexes, most efficiently
      among women, and was the only lipid variable associated with CAD in the age group
      over 55 years. Hypertension and angina were frequent in both groups and did not
      identify those with disease. In summary, LDLC was the best predictor among the
      lipids for men (likelihood ratio = 9.4) and TC:HDL was the best indicator of
      disease among women (likelihood ratio = 15.7). Low HDLC levels may, in part,
      account for the increased incidence of CAD among black women. Further population
      studies of factors leading to reduced HDLC, namely, obesity and diabetes, are
      needed.

PMID- 4061254
TI  - The reproducibility of nongeometric analysis of cardiac output and left
      ventricular volume by radionuclide angiography.
AB  - This study examines the reproducibility of individual radionuclide attenuation
      factors used in the calculation of cardiac output and left ventricular volume by
      the nongeometric radionuclide method. Twenty male patients were studied at rest
      with thermodilution measurements of cardiac output on two separate days.
      Simultaneous equilibrium radionuclide angiograms were performed and left
      ventricular stroke volume and cardiac output were determined by the nongeometric
      method. Individual patient attenuation factors were calculated as the ratio of
      thermodilution and radionuclide cardiac output measurements at each study. There
      was a close linear relationship between radionuclide and thermodilution
      measurements of cardiac output in each study (r = 0.88 study 1, r = 0.97 study
      2). A similar relationship was found for measurements of left ventricular stroke
      volume (r = 0.86, study 1, r = 0.97 study 2). Individual radionuclide attenuation
      factors ranged from 2.49 to 3.46 in study 1 and from 2.77 to 3.29 in study 2. The
      individual attenuation factors were reproducible to within 10% in 13 patients and
      to within 15% in 19 patients. When cardiac output was calculated from the
      radionuclide data of study 2, by means of individual attenuation factors
      previously determined in study 1, there was a good correlation with the
      simultaneous thermodilution measurements of cardiac output (r = 0.92, SEE = 0.38
      L/min). Individual radionuclide attenuation factors show little variation in
      serial studies. Thus the nongeometric radionuclide technique can be used to make
      accurate serial measurements of cardiac output and left ventricular volume.

PMID- 4061255
TI  - Left ventricular pressure/volume relationship in aortic regurgitation.
AB  - In this study we examined the left ventricular pressure/volume relationship in 39
      patients with moderate or severe aortic regurgitation (AR) and 15 normal
      subjects. The patients with AR were divided into two groups; patients with normal
      resting ejection fraction (EF greater than or equal to 50%, group I, n = 21) and
      patients with abnormal EF (group II, n = 18). The patients in group I were
      younger (p less than 0.005), exercised to a higher workload, and had better
      exercise tolerance than patients in group II (p less than 0.01). The patients'
      exercise heart rate and blood pressure were not significantly different between
      the two groups. During exercise tests nine patients in group I and seven patients
      in group II had normal EF response (greater than or equal to 5% increase) (p =
      NS). The peak systolic blood pressure to end-systolic volume index ratio
      (SBP/ESVI) was higher in normal subjects than in patients in groups I and II, at
      rest it was (4.3 +/- 1.0 vs 2.6 +/- 1.2 vs 1.6 +/- 0.8, respectively, p less than
      0.0001) and during exercise it was (7.6 +/- 1.8 vs 4.2 +/- 1.4 vs 2.6 +/- 1.3,
      respectively, p less than 0.0001). The resting SBP/ESVI ratio was below the lower
      normal limit in 12 patients (57%) in group I and in 16 patients (89%) in group
      II. Also, the exercise SBP/ESVI ratio was below the lower normal limit in 17
      patients (81%) in group I and all of the patients (100%) in group II.
      Multivariate discriminant analysis identified the change in SBP/ESVI (F = 34.8)
      and resting end-diastolic volume (F = 6.7) as independent predictors of the EF
      response to exercise. Thus, most patients with AR, including those with normal
      resting EF or normal EF response to exercise, have abnormal SBP/ESVI at rest or
      during exercise.

PMID- 4061256
TI  - Heart disease in scleroderma.

PMID- 4061257
TI  - Right ventricular infarction with shock but without significant left ventricular
      infarction: a new clinical syndrome.
AB  - Right ventricular infarction has been described as concurrent with infarction
      involving the inferior (posterior) aspect of the left ventricular free wall and
      adjacent interventricular septum. Patients with right ventricular infarction
      typically show the ECG changes of inferior infarction in leads II, III, and aVF.
      This report describes two patients with right ventricular infarction but without
      changes in the QRS complex of the ECG, indicating an inferior infarct of the left
      ventricle. An autopsy-proven infarct of the right ventricular free wall with
      neither QRS nor other clinical evidence of left ventricular involvement was
      responsible for cardiogenic shock and death in one patient. This observation led
      to a review of a computerized data bank containing records of patients who had
      undergone cardiac catheterization to determine if there were other patients with
      clinical criteria suggesting right ventricular infarction without QRS changes of
      left ventricular infarction. One of the 167 patients with a history of a
      myocardial infarction also met the following clinical criteria: (1) transiently
      elevated total creatine kinase and creatine kinase myocardial band; (2) diffuse
      ST segment elevation without QRS changes indicative of left ventricular
      infarction on the ECG; (3) normal left ventricular function; (4) hemodynamic
      evidence of right ventricular dysfunction; and (5) cardiogenic shock.

PMID- 4061258
TI  - Univentricular heart in adults: report of nine cases with review of the
      literature.
AB  - Nine patients with univentricular heart 17 years of age or older were followed up
      for a mean duration of 13 years (range 5 to 26 years). Five patients had type A
      and four patients had type C univentricular heart. Pulmonary stenosis was present
      in eight of nine patients. Palliative shunt surgery was performed in seven
      patients, ventricular septation was performed in one patient, and no surgical
      intervention was performed in one patient. Eight patients were in New York Heart
      Association functional class II and one patient was in New York Heart Association
      functional class III. Long term follow-up of these patients suggests that a
      selected group of adults with univentricular heart may achieve a relatively long
      survival and good functional class with conservative management.

PMID- 4061259
TI  - Multivessel coronary spasm without electrocardiographic changes.

PMID- 4061260
TI  - Inducible ventricular fibrillation in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia.

PMID- 4061261
TI  - Coronary artery spasm and vascular nerve lesion.

PMID- 4061262
TI  - Retrograde Wenckebach conduction in atrioventricular bypass tracts: further
      evidence for AV nodal-like conduction in accessory pathways.

PMID- 4061263
TI  - Postpartum cardiomyopathy and acute myocarditis.

PMID- 4061264
TI  - Dynamic causes of angina pectoris.

PMID- 4061265
TI  - Lipids, diabetes, and coronary heart disease: insights from the Framingham Study.
AB  - Both risk factors and the incidence of cardiovascular disease are higher in
      diabetic patients. Total serum cholesterol has the same impact on coronary heart
      disease (CHD) incidence in diabetic patients as in nondiabetic individuals.
      Abnormal blood lipids in diabetic patients include elevated very low-density
      lipoproteins (VLDL) and triglyceride and reduced levels of high-density
      lipoproteins (HDL). These are associated with obesity and precede the onset of
      diabetes. Diabetes increases the risk of all clinical manifestations of CHD, has
      a greater impact in women, and predisposes to cardiac failure and fatal outcome.
      In men, it predisposes to silent myocardial infarctions. CHD risk reduction in
      the diabetic patient requires multifactorial control. In evaluating the lipid
      induced CHD risk, the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is not
      as valuable as the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio, which is the most reliable
      criterion. Triglyceride levels make no independent contribution. Most CHD
      preventive measures, including weight control, exercise, avoidance of cigarettes,
      and improvement of glucose tolerance also increase HDL cholesterol, reduced
      levels of which are chiefly responsible for the poor LDL/HDL ratio in diabetics.
      Weight control merits a high priority because of its favorable influence on the
      lipid profile, glucose tolerance, and blood pressure.

PMID- 4061266
TI  - The effect of bystander CPR on survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
      victims.
AB  - The effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was studied in 2142
      emergency medical service (EMS) cardiac arrest runs. When bystander CPR was
      administered to cardiac arrest victims, 22.9% of the victims survived until they
      were admitted to the hospital and 11.9% were discharged alive. In comparison, the
      statistics for cardiac arrest victims who did not receive bystander CPR were
      14.6% and 4.7%, respectively (p less than 0.001). A critical factor in patient
      survival was the amount of time that elapsed before the EMS personnel arrived and
      administered CPR. Patients who received bystander CPR were more likely to have
      ventricular fibrillation when the EMS arrived. Other factors relating to patient
      survival were the location of the victim at the time of the cardiac arrest and
      the age of the victim. Understanding these factors is important in developing
      community strategies to treat patients with cardiac arrest out of hospital.

PMID- 4061267
TI  - Antifibrillatory effects of lidocaine and bretylium immediately
      postcardiopulmonary resuscitation.
AB  - The antifibrillatory effects of lidocaine and bretylium in the
      postcardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) setting were examined using ventricular
      fibrillation threshold (VFT) determinations in anesthetized dogs. The dogs were
      fibrillated and CPR was carried out with a pneumatic device. Lidocaine and
      bretylium were administered intravenously at the onset of CPR, and VFT was
      serially determined after defibrillation following three consecutive 3-minute CPR
      periods. A dose of 2 mg/kg of lidocaine caused a significant increase in VFT
      determinations after the first but not subsequent 3-minute CPR periods; a dose of
      1 mg/kg of lidocaine was ineffective at any time point. A dose of 5 mg/kg of
      bretylium elevated the VFT after the second and third but not the first 3-minute
      period. In dogs who received lidocaine, a significant elevation of VFT
      determinations were found to be associated with a high blood lidocaine
      concentration (mean 13.8 +/- 8.3 micrograms/ml). The present study demonstrates
      that a 2 mg/kg dose of lidocaine administered during CPR rapidly increases VFT
      determinations after CPR (within 5 minutes), whereas, a 5 mg/kg dose of bretylium
      significantly elevates VFT determinations but at a later time (within 10
      minutes). The observed significant effect of lidocaine appears to be associated
      with high lidocaine blood concentrations (greater than 6 micrograms/ml).

PMID- 4061268
TI  - Circulating catecholamine and potassium concentrations early in acute myocardial
      infarction: effect of intervention with timolol.
AB  - In a prospective study, 20 patients with a first acute myocardial infarction and
      no current treatment with diuretics or cardioactive drugs were randomized to
      treatment with intravenous timolol (10 patients) or placebo (10 patients). Plasma
      adrenaline, noradrenaline, and serum potassium were estimated at baseline (mean
      +/- SD 3.6 +/- 0.8 hours after the onset of the infarction) and 4 hours after the
      start of treatment. The patient selection criteria embraced a low-risk study
      population. Before treatment, the serum potassium concentrations correlated
      inversely with plasma adrenaline but not with plasma noradrenaline
      concentrations. A rise of serum potassium (mean +/- SD mmol/L) from 4.1 +/- 0.3
      to 4.4 +/- 0.4 (p less than 0.05) in the placebo group and from 4.0 +/- 0.4 to
      4.5 +/- 0.5 (p less than 0.05) in the timolol group was in multivariate analysis
      associated with infarct size, estimated as cumulative creatine kinase release, in
      the placebo group, and with the mean individual plasma adrenaline concentrations
      in the timolol group. By reversing the effect of adrenaline from a decrease to an
      increase in the serum potassium concentrations, timolol changes the relationships
      between circulating adrenaline, potassium, and infarct size.

PMID- 4061269
TI  - Body surface distributions of ST segment changes after exercise in effort angina
      pectoris without myocardial infarction.
AB  - To investigate the sites of exercise-induced ST segment changes on the body
      surface in effort angina pectoris without myocardial infarction, we performed 87
      lead ECG mapping in 61 patients before and 1.5 and 5 minutes after treadmill
      exercise. ST segment depression most often occurred in the left anterior chest
      leads and ST segment elevation developed mainly in the right upper chest leads.
      There was a good correlation between the number of lead points that showed ST
      segment depression (nSTd) and the number of those that showed ST segment
      elevation (nSTe) 1.5 minutes after exercise (r = 0.92). From 1.5 to 5 minutes
      after exercise, changes in nSTd for individual patients correlated well with
      changes in nSTe (r = 0.89). It was suggested that the ST segment elevation
      observed in this study directly reflected the subendocardial ischemia of the left
      ventricle. In patients with one-vessel disease (n = 32), there was wide overlap
      in the sites of ST segment changes among patients with left anterior descending
      artery disease (n = 19), those with left circumflex artery disease (n = 6), and
      those with right coronary artery disease (n = 7). These findings should lead to a
      better understanding of exercise-induced ST segment changes for the diagnosis of
      coronary artery disease.

PMID- 4061270
TI  - Arrhythmia inducibility and ventricular vulnerability in a chronic feline
      infarction model.
AB  - Ventricular tachyarrhythmias are the cause of sudden cardiac death in ischemic
      heart disease. Reliable animal models are necessary to study techniques for
      identifying individuals at risk and to develop effective modes of therapy. The
      purpose of the present study was to evaluate the inducibility of ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias and vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation and to correlate
      these findings with changes in ventricular refractoriness in a chronic feline
      model. Twelve conditioned cats were randomly divided into two groups: group A,
      sham-operated controls (n = 5); or group B, permanent occlusion of the left
      anterior descending coronary artery (n = 7). Two weeks later, the following
      measurements were made: (1) assessment of refractory periods at several
      ventricular sites; (2) inducibility to ventricular tachyarrhythmias; and (3)
      determination of ventricular fibrillation threshold. After electrophysiologic
      testing, the animals were killed and the hearts were studied histologically.
      Ventricular fibrillation thresholds were significantly lower in group B compared
      with group A (13 +/- 3 vs 46 +/- 9 mA; p less than 0.01). One of the sham
      operated controls had induction of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, while
      six of the group B animals had reproducible, inducible ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias (p less than 0.01). There was a significant dispersion in
      effective refractory periods between normal and infarcted sites in group B (46 +/
      6 msec) not seen in group A (12 +/- 2 msec, p less than 0.01). The group A cats
      demonstrated minimal damage to the myocardium or cardiac architecture. Group B
      cats demonstrated extensive, transmural, homogeneous infarcts of approximately
      30% of the anterior wall of the left ventricle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4061271
TI  - Cardiac arrhythmias in a population admitted to an acute alcoholic detoxification
      center.
AB  - To characterize the relationship between acute alcohol ingestion and its
      withdrawal with cardiac arrhythmias, we studied 38 patients admitted to an acute
      community alcoholic detoxification center with 24-hour ambulatory ECGs and serum
      ethanol levels. We found a mild correlation between the serum ethanol level and
      the mean rate of ventricular ectopic beats/hour (rs = 0.34, p less than 0.05).
      Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation were more common in
      patients found to have evidence of previous underlying organic heart disease.
      There was no change in the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias in this population
      after 2 weeks of ethanol abstinence as judged by repeat 24-hour ambulatory ECG.
      We conclude that in patients admitted to an acute detoxification center, cardiac
      arrhythmias are found more commonly in those with underlying organic heart
      disease, and these arrhythmias do not appear to change after 2 weeks of
      abstinence from alcohol ingestion.

PMID- 4061274
TI  - Age-related changes in the pharmacodynamics of verapamil.
AB  - Age-related differences in the pharmacodynamics of numerous drugs are well
      documented. In this study, changes in the pharmacodynamics of verapamil were
      examined in anesthetized and unanesthetized puppies (6 weeks old) and adult dogs.
      Unanesthetized puppies and adult dogs were given verapamil (0.5 mg/kg
      intravenously and 2.5 mg/kg orally), and anesthetized dogs received only
      intravenous infusions. Plasma samples and ECG tracings were taken over a 4- to 7
      hour period. Plasma verapamil was determined by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography with spectrofluorometric detection. Puppies exhibited a shorter
      t1/2 than adults after intravenous administration (62.3 +/- 10.8 minutes compared
      to 87.3 +/- 7.8 minutes). Puppies had a greater area under concentration (AUC)
      after oral dosing than adults, indicating a greater amount of the dose reaching
      the systemic circulation. The PR interval was significantly prolonged in adults
      but not in puppies, even though the blood levels in the puppies were greater than
      those in the adults. Therefore, even though there is little variation in the
      pharmacokinetic parameters between adult dogs and puppies, there is a marked
      reduction in the sensitivity of the puppies to the ECG effects of verapamil.

PMID- 4061272
TI  - The yield of programmed ventricular stimulation in mitral valve prolapse patients
      with ventricular arrhythmias.
AB  - A high-risk subset of patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and a
      predisposition to sudden cardiac death (SCD) has been proposed. We analyzed the
      results of programmed ventricular stimulation (PVS) in 20 patients with MVP and
      ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular premature depolarization in 6, ventricular
      couplets in 2, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia [VT] in 7, ventricular
      fibrillation [VF] in 5) and in 12 "normal" control subjects. With the use of an
      identical stimulation protocol from the right ventricular apex (twice diastolic
      threshold, three extrastimuli), 9 of 20 MVP patients and 1 of 12 normal subjects
      had inducible ventricular arrhythmias (p less than 0.05). When more aggressive
      attempts at ventricular stimulation were used, an additional five MVP patients
      had positive responses to PVS while no normal subjects did. In the MVP group, the
      following arrhythmias were induced: nonsustained polymorphic VT in 10, VF in
      three, and ventricular flutter in one. In all but two patients, triple
      ventricular extrastimuli were required to elicit this response. Two of the 10 MVP
      patients undergoing electropharmacologic testing had a successful antiarrhythmic
      regimen identified, while 13 patients were discharged on empiric antiarrhythmic
      therapy. At a follow-up of 19.8 +/- 13.1 months, all 19 MVP patients who could be
      contacted were alive. Five patients had symptomatic recurrences at follow-up
      including two SCD survivors (VT in one and VF in one). In conclusion, it was
      found that the majority of MVP patients with ventricular arrhythmias have
      inducible ventricular tachyarrhythmias during PVS and are more susceptible to
      this than patients without structural heart disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4061273
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse and hyperthyroidism: effect of patient selection.
AB  - Patients with mitral valve prolapse and hyperthyroidism have common symptoms; the
      most outstanding symptom is palpitation. To determine whether or not common
      symptoms contributed to the reported association of these conditions, we
      evaluated 220 patients with symptomatic mitral valve prolapse and 216 first
      degree relatives in 72 families; 65 relatives with mitral valve prolapse and 151
      relatives without mitral valve prolapse, all greater than or equal to 16 years of
      age. Thirty subjects, aged 49 +/- 13 years (p less than 0.025 vs entire study
      group), had thyroid disease (23 subjects had definite thyroid disease, seven
      subjects had probable); 27 of 30 subjects with thyroid disease (90%) were female
      (p less than 0.005). The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of hyperthyroidism was
      significantly higher in probands with mitral valve prolapse than in family
      members without mitral valve prolapse (3.5% vs 0%, p = 0.03), while an
      intermediate prevalence of hyperthyroidism (2.2%) was observed in family members
      with mitral valve prolapse. Thus, the prevalence of hyperthyroidism is increased
      among symptomatic patients with mitral valve prolapse as compared to family
      members without mitral valve prolapse, but the prevalence of thyroid conditions
      is similar among family members with or without this condition. These findings
      are explained by the effect of common symptoms on clinical detection of both
      mitral valve prolapse and hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 4061275
TI  - Improved myocardial oxygen utilization by diltiazem in patients.
AB  - Calcium entry blocking drugs produce different effects on systemic and coronary
      hemodynamics and myocardial oxygen extraction. To examine the effects on
      myocardial oxygen extraction, intravenous diltiazem (100 micrograms/kg bolus with
      a continuous 10 micrograms/kg/min infusion) was administered to 11 patients at
      rest and during controlled heart rates (100 +/- 5 and 120 +/- 5 bpm). At rest,
      diltiazem decreased mean arterial pressure from 109 +/- 13 to 99 +/- 14 mm Hg (p
      less than 0.01), increased heart rate from 64 + 12 to 74 +/- 14 bpm (p less than
      0.01), and decreased coronary sinus resistance (1.02 +/- .41 to 0.87 +/- .40 U, p
      less than 0.05). Myocardial oxygen extraction was significantly reduced since
      coronary sinus oxygen content increased (6.0 +/- 0.9 to 7.8 +/- 1.2 ml/dl, p less
      than 0.01) and the arterial-coronary sinus oxygen difference decreased (12.0 +/-
      1.7 to 10.6 +/- 1.6 ml/dl, p less than 0.01). Similar changes occurred with heart
      rate held constant. There were no significant changes in absolute coronary sinus
      blood flow, calculated myocardial oxygen consumption, or left ventricular dP/dt.
      Diltiazem decreases mean arterial pressure while reducing both myocardial oxygen
      extraction and coronary arterial resistance, suggesting that a principal
      mechanism of a beneficial effect upon the coronary circulation appears to be an
      improvement in myocardial oxygen extraction relative to myocardial oxygen demand.

PMID- 4061276
TI  - The persistent defect on exercise thallium imaging and its fate after myocardial
      revascularization: does it represent scar or ischemia?
AB  - Persistent defects on serial thallium scans are commonly thought to represent
      fibrosis or scar. However, such a pattern may also represent severe ischemia. To
      better understand persistent defects, exercise thallium and resting gated blood
      pool scans were reviewed in 52 patients pre and post coronary angioplasty for
      single-vessel left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery disease, and the
      fate of persistent defects after successful revascularization was determined.
      Persistent and transient defects were defined from the average scores of three
      observers. Ten patients with 16 myocardial segments with persistent defects were
      compared to another 11 patients with 20 myocardial segments with transient
      defects. After angioplasty (PTCA), 75% of the regions that had persistent defects
      and 85% of the regions that had transient defects were normal by visual
      assessment. In the persistent defect group, only regional wall motion on the
      resting gated blood pool scan pre PTCA helped to distinguish those segments that
      would or would not revert to normal. We conclude that regions of persistent
      defect on thallium scan often revert to normal after PTCA (75%), suggesting that
      persistent defects may represent hypoperfusion of viable myocardium, and should
      not preclude consideration of an intervention.

PMID- 4061277
TI  - 'Designer Drug' Enforcement Act seeks to attack problem at source.

PMID- 4061278
TI  - HMOs: challenges & opportunities.

PMID- 4061279
TI  - Look-alike drugs and unfair competition. An update of Inwood Laboratories v. Ives
      Laboratories.

PMID- 4061280
TI  - Managing through communication: delegation or distancing?

PMID- 4061281
TI  - Food-induced dose dumping of Theo-24.

PMID- 4061282
TI  - The practice of industrial hygiene: Role Delineation Analysis American Board of
      Industrial Hygiene.
AB  - To better assure that the content of the American Board of Industrial Hygiene's
      Core and Comprehensive Practice Examinations are reflective of the current
      practice of the profession, the Board conducted a validation of their test
      specifications. The validation effort involved development of Domains of
      Practice, i.e. Recognition, Evaluation, Control, and for Comprehensive Practice,
      Management. Within each domain, Task Statements and the associated knowledge and
      skills necessary to successfully complete the task were identified. This overall
      "role delineation" was submitted to a random sample of 200 Certified Industrial
      Hygienists who were asked to identify the relative importance of each Domain and
      each Task and identify the percent of time and industrial hygienist might devote
      to each. An excellent response rate of 68.5% was achieved and provided ABIH with
      sets of weights for each Domain and Task Statement. These weights will be used by
      the ABIH to update future versions of the two examinations with initial influence
      in 1986 followed by a greater impact in 1987.

PMID- 4061283
TI  - Breathing resistance of dust respirators.

PMID- 4061284
TI  - Cummings Award address. Occupational health standard setting in the United
      States.

PMID- 4061285
TI  - Characterization and temperature dependence of PAH emissions from a simulated
      rubber combustion operation.
AB  - The operation investigated uses two induction furnaces for removal of rubber from
      tracked-vehicle treads. A laboratory-scale simulation of the field operation was
      employed to generate emissions at 399 degrees C (750 degrees F) and 677 degrees C
      (1250 degrees F), and emission samples were collected using glass fiber filters
      and Tenax as the sampling media. Sampling and analytical methods were developed
      and evaluated with 10 representative polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).
      High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography/mass
      spectrometry (GC/MS) were used to characterize emissions. The PAH were profiled
      as subsets and graphically displayed as micrograms (micrograms) of emissions per
      kilogram of rubber and as percentages of total emissions. In each subset,
      relative amounts of PAH were found to be related to combustion temperatures.
      Identical coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) exposures to emissions generated at the
      two temperatures studied would result in a 178-fold difference in exposure to
      carcinogenic PAH.

PMID- 4061286
TI  - Combined effects of heat and noise on human performance: a review.
AB  - This paper examines the combined effects of heat and noise upon behavioral
      measures of human performance. Specifically, capabilities on a variety of
      neuromuscular and mental tasks are reviewed with respect to their vulnerability
      to joint thermal and acoustic action. The majority of evidence indicates that
      such stressors do not interact significantly within the ranges experienced
      commonly in the industrial setting. However, various experimental and
      methodological inadequacies in the meager data base caution at the present time
      against a simple interpretation of this apparent insensitivity.

PMID- 4061287
TI  - Control of wood dust from horizontal belt sanding.
AB  - An auxiliary ventilation system has been developed to reduce the wood dust
      emission from horizontal belt sanders. This system consists of two devices: a
      hood and a jet stripper. The hood is a narrow low-volume, high-velocity slot hood
      located between a belt surface and a worktable; the push device is a jet stripper
      located inside a driven pulley hood opposite the operator site. In combination
      with a standard sander hood, both devices significantly reduced the wood dust
      emission into the workroom. Laboratory data were confirmed by field tests
      conducted at an oscillating edge belt sander at a wood furniture manufacturing
      plant. These devices work independently of each other and do not interfere with
      the operator's sanding activity. They do not require special maintenance and are
      economically feasible.

PMID- 4061288
TI  - Monitoring of formaldehyde in air.
AB  - Any one of several monitoring methods, depending on requirement and circumstance,
      can be used to measure employee exposure to formaldehyde. Ordinarily, monitoring
      at DuPont is performed by sampling with impingers containing 1% aqueous sodium
      bisulfite or with silica gel tubes. The collected formaldehyde is measured
      spectrophotometrically after reaction with chromotropic acid. Results from
      studies on a selected number of formaldehyde monitoring methods reveal that
      reliable methods are available for area and personnel monitoring over both short
      term and long term. Accurate results are obtained from short-term monitoring (15
      min at 1 L/min) with impingers of formaldehyde concentrations as low as 0.14 ppm.
      The current studies show that long-term monitoring (8 hr at 0.5 L/min) can be
      performed accurately at concentrations as low as 0.05 ppm. Accurate results also
      are obtained from short-term monitoring (15 min at 500 mL/min) with silica gel
      tubes of concentrations as low as 0.11 ppm formaldehyde; the lower limit
      established in the current studies for long-term monitoring (8 hr at 30 mL/min)
      is 0.15 ppm. Passive monitors provide the most convenient means of obtaining 8
      hour time-weighted average (TWA) data. The Pro-Tek Formaldehyde Badge was
      demonstrated to reliably monitor formaldehyde concentrations varying from 0-0.5
      ppm or 0-3 ppm. All of these methods satisfy the NIOSH criterion for
      acceptability that all results fall within +/- 25% of the true value at the 95%
      confidence level. Investigation of the Lion Formaldemeter disclosed that
      instantaneous and accurate (+/- 5%) measurement of formaldehyde in air can be
      made over a concentration range of 0.3-5 ppm in the absence of other substances
      that are oxidizable in its fuel cell detector.

PMID- 4061289
TI  - Laboratory evaluation of stain-length passive dosimeters for monitoring of vinyl
      chloride and ethylene oxide.
AB  - The effects of vapor concentration in the range of 1.2 to 5.1 ppm (vinyl
      chloride) and 8.3 to 29.1 ppm (ethylene oxide) on the response of new stain
      length passive dosimeters were evaluated separately in a dynamic exposure
      chamber. The vinyl chloride dosimeter was prepared with a permanganate
      impregnated blend of Chromosorb W and silica gel, while a silica gel-coated
      plastic strip (TLC plate) impregnated with dichromate was used to detect ethylene
      oxide. The use of a TLC plate as the inert support allowed us to reduce the
      amount of reagent loaded per length of tube, thus significantly enhancing in the
      sensitivity of the unit, which was necessary for accurately detecting ethylene
      oxide at these low concentrations. At the vinyl chloride exposure of 8 ppm-hrs
      the length of stain was 0.76 cm and the 95% confidence interval about this point
      was +/- 1.4 ppm-hrs (18%). For the ethylene oxide dosimeter the length of stain
      at the exposure of 80 ppm-hrs was 0.90 cm and the 95% confidence interval about
      this point was +/- 16 ppm-hrs (20%). Although some shortening of the stain was
      noted at low relative humidity (26%) in the vinyl chloride device, no effect on
      the dosimeter response was observed over the range of relative humidity of 35 to
      96%. The ethylene oxide dosimeter response was not affected by relative humidity
      in the range of 28 to 90%. The use of a TLC plate as the inert support of the
      colorimetric reagent has proven to be an excellent means of improving the
      sensitivity of these stain-length passive dosimeters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4061290
TI  - Performance of sulfur dioxide passive monitors.
AB  - The following four commercial sulfur dioxide passive monitors were tested for
      performance and realiability: DuPont Pro-Tek C-20 air monitoring badges; MSA
      Vaporgard Dosimeter tubes; REAL BioBadges; and 3M Sulfur Dioxide Nutshell
      monitors. The experiments conducted were designed to test factors critical to the
      operation of passive samplers: accuracy and precision; capacity; stability;
      analytical recovery; and the effects of exposure time, concentration, humidity,
      face velocity, orientation, chemical interference, and temperature. The DuPont
      Pro-Tek badges performed satisfactorily for all the factors tested, and the REAL
      BioBadges performed satisfactorily except for the instability of the
      SO2/tetrachloromercurate complex when stored. An alternate monitoring system,
      REAL BioBadges containing deionized water absorbent had a limited capacity. Only
      the MSA dosimeters exhibited unsatisfactory performance. The 3M Nutshell monitor
      was withdrawn by the manufacturer after only partial evaluation.

PMID- 4061291
TI  - Formaldehyde: a comparative evaluation of four monitoring methods.
AB  - The performances of four formaldehyde monitoring devices were compared in a
      series of laboratory and field experiments. The devices evaluated included the
      DuPont C-60 formaldehyde badge, the SKC impregnated charcoal tube, an
      impinger/polarographic method and the MDA Lion formaldemeter. The major
      evaluation parameters included: concentration range, effects of humidity, sample
      storage, air velocity, accuracy, precision, interferences from methanol, styrene,
      1,3-butadiene, sulfur dioxide and dimethylamine. Based on favorable performances
      in the laboratory and field, each device was useful for monitoring formaldehyde
      in the industrial work environment; however, these devices were not evaluated for
      residential exposure assessment. The impinger/polarographic method had a
      sensitivity of 0.06 ppm, based on a 20-liter air sample volume, and accurately
      determined the short-term excursion limit (STEL). It was useful for area
      monitoring but was not very practical for time-weighted average (TWA) personal
      monitoring measurements. The DuPont badge had a sensitivity of 2.8 ppm-hr and
      accurately and simply determined TWA exposures. It was not sensitive enough to
      measure STEL exposures, however, and positive interferences resulted if 1,3
      butadiene was present. The SKC impregnated charcoal tube measured both TWA and
      STEL concentrations and had a sensitivity of 0.06 ppm based on a 25-liter air
      sample volume. Lightweight and simple to use, the MDA Lion formaldemeter had a
      sensitivity of 0.2 ppm. It had the advantage of giving an instantaneous reading
      in the field; however, it must be used with caution because it responded to many
      interferences. The method of choice depended on the type of sampling required,
      field conditions encountered during sampling and an understanding of the
      limitations of each monitoring device.

PMID- 4061292
TI  - Laboratory validation of five commercially available methods for sampling
      ethylene oxide in air.
AB  - Two types of large charcoal tubes (PCB and JXC charcoal based), two diffusion
      type passive monitors (DuPont Pro-Tek C-70 and 3M #3550), and MIRAN Infrared
      Model 103 analyzer were tested simultaneously over six concentrations (0.25 to
      10.7 ppm) at 65% relative humidity. Exposure times were from 4-6 hours, and all
      established sampling analytical precautions were taken with charcoal tubes to
      ensure reliable results. At least six replicates were tested at each
      concentration. Passive badges were analyzed by the respective manufacturers. Only
      the DuPont ethylene oxide badge met the accuracy criteria in the OSHA ethylene
      oxide standard over the entire concentration range tested.

PMID- 4061293
TI  - Sub-part-per-million diffusional sampling for ethylene oxide with the 3M #3550
      ethylene oxide monitor.
AB  - A method is described for the collection and determination of ethylene oxide in
      air below the 1 ppm level. A passive diffusion-type monitor adsorbs the
      contaminant on a treated charcoal disc and converts it to 2-bromoethanol. This
      compound is then desorbed, injected into a gas chromatograph, and evaluated by
      electron capture detection. Laboratory testing was done by simultaneously
      challenging the monitors and Qazi-Ketcham charcoal tubes with 0.20 to 0.80 ppm
      ethylene oxide in air. At these levels, the bias of the monitors was +0.48% with
      overall accuracy of 13.8%; for the Qazi-Ketcham tubes it was -11.2% with an
      overall accuracy of 22.7%, well within the +/- 25% OSHA requirement. Field
      validation tests were performed using a specially-constructed chamber which
      simultaneously draws the work environment air over the monitors and through
      charcoal tubes to assure uniform sampling. The tube samples were analyzed in two
      laboratories. Results from the two collection devices agreed within 7.4% in the
      same laboratory, and results of the Qazi-Ketcham method between laboratories
      agreed within 21%. All results, lowest to highest, were within the OSHA +/- 25%
      limit.

PMID- 4061294
TI  - Digital quantification eliminates intraobserver and interobserver variability in
      the evaluation of coronary artery stenosis.
AB  - A leading problem with subjective interpretation of coronary angiography is high
      intraobserver and interobserver variability. Four experienced angiographers
      independently determined percent diameter narrowing of 36 stenoses using 3
      methods: by subjective analysis of single-frame cine film images (film), by
      subjective analysis of digitized nonenhanced single-frame images (digital), and
      by using a semiautomated digital caliper quantification system (Corona). The
      reproducibility of interpretations was assessed by comparison of estimated
      intraclass correlation coefficients. Digital and Corona readings correlated well
      with subjective interpretation of film (r greater than 0.85 for both). In
      contrast to Corona, the angiographers systematically overestimated the magnitude
      of stenoses in the intermediate (50 to 75%) range. Corona markedly improved
      intraobserver (p less than 0.005) and interobserver (p less than 0.001)
      reproducibility. Corona less frequently misclassified individual observations
      than did film when categories of less than 50%, 50 to 75% and more than 75%
      diameter stenosis were used (3.7% vs 31.5%, p less than 0.001). Our results
      suggest that digitization of a coronary angiogram in a 512 X 512 matrix has no
      significant adverse effects on the perception and quantification of stenosis by
      angiographers. Additionally, automatic measurement of coronary stenosis has 2
      major advantages: It is accurate compared with a group of experienced
      angiographers and for the practical purpose of clinical decision-making, it
      eliminates intraobserver and interobserver variability.

PMID- 4061295
TI  - Collateral flow in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - To assess the change in angiographically visualized collaterals in evolving acute
      myocardial infarction (AMI), coronary arteriograms from 53 patients obtained 6.2
      +/- 0.2 hours after onset of AMI symptoms were compared with follow-up angiograms
      obtained 14 +/- 1 days later. Collaterals were graded according to intensity
      score and percent of distal infarct-related artery visualized. Collateral
      intensity score and the percent of distal infarct vessel visualized by
      collaterals at baseline were low, and there was a significant increase in both
      values at follow-up angiography. The group of 20 patients with occluded infarct
      vessels at follow-up study accounted for these increases. In 33 patients with
      patent infarct vessels at repeat angiography, collateral intensity score and
      percent of segment visualized were unchanged. Among the patients with occluded
      infarct vessels at baseline and subsequent improvement in left ventricular (LV)
      ejection fraction (EF), baseline collateral score and percent of segment
      visualized were significantly greater than in patients in whom LVEF did not
      improve. Thus, in patients with evolving AMI, (1) angiographically visible
      collaterals are not extensive within the early hours of AMI, (2) the extent of
      collaterals on follow-up angiography may not be representative of that on the day
      of AMI, (3) collaterals are considerably more common 2 weeks after AMI,
      especially in patients with occluded infarct arteries during follow-up, and (4)
      collaterals present at the time of AMI are associated with improved LVEF at 2
      weeks.

PMID- 4061296
TI  - Frequency and significance of induced sustained ventricular tachycardia or
      fibrillation two weeks after acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Electrophysiologic study, 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring,
      treadmill exercise test and angiographic evaluations were performed in 45
      patients 14 +/- 3 days (mean +/- standard deviation) after acute myocardial
      infarction. Electrophysiologic study protocol included burst ventricular pacing
      and 1 to 3 ventricular extrastimuli at 2 cycle lengths from right ventricular
      apex, right ventricular outflow and left ventricle. Sustained monomorphic
      ventricular tachycardia (VT) (13 patients) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) (7
      patients) was induced in 20 patients (44%) (group I). In these 20 patients, VT/VF
      was inducible with 2 extrastimuli in 10 patients, 3 extrastimuli in 9 patients
      and burst pacing in 1 patient. In the remaining 25 patients (56%), induction of
      no fewer than 7 ventricular beats were noted (group II). Severe left ventricular
      (LV) wall motion abnormalities occurred in 70% of group I patients and 22% of
      group II patients (p less than 0.005). There was no difference in the site of
      infarction, frequency and grade of ventricular ectopic rhythm on ambulatory
      electrocardiographic monitoring, double product on submaximal exercise, LV
      ejection fraction, and number of obstructed coronary arteries (70% or greater) (p
      greater than 0.1) between group I and group II patients. During a mean follow-up
      of 10 +/- 3 months, 1 patient in each group died suddenly, and in 1 group I
      patient spontaneous sustained VT developed which was identical in morphologic
      configuration to that induced during electrophysiologic study. In conclusion,
      electrical induction of sustained VT or VF during electrophysiologic study is
      common in patients 2 weeks after acute myocardial infarction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4061298
TI  - Infections in a coronary care unit.
AB  - All infections in patients in an active coronary care unit (CCU) over a 3-year
      period were analyzed to ascertain rates, outcomes, pathogens and sites of
      infections. Standard surveillance methods and definitions of the Center for
      Disease Control were used. A total of 236 infections were documented in 200
      infected patients. Infection rates were 5 and 2% for total and CCU-acquired
      infections, respectively. CCU infections accounted for 11% of nosocomial
      infections that occurred within all critical care areas surveyed. Of all
      documented infections, 131 (56%) were community-acquired and 90 (38%) were
      acquired within the CCU. Lower respiratory and urinary tract infections were most
      frequently noted, with E. coli, S. aureus, and klebsiella-enterobacter-serratia
      most usually implicated. Mortality among patients with infections was 31%,
      compared with 8 to 12% in those who were not infected. Those with lower
      respiratory infections or primary bacteremias had a higher mortality rate than
      those with infections at other sites (p less than 0.001). Infections are seen in
      close to 5% of CCU patients and may adversely affect the survival rate. The
      mortality rate in infected patients may be 3 times higher than that in the
      general CCU population. This study also provides data against which other similar
      institutions can gauge their CCU infection rates.

PMID- 4061297
TI  - Evaluation of methods of measurement and estimation of left ventricular function
      after acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Using multiple gated cardiac blood pool imaging and single-plane ventriculography
      from cardiac catheterization, 2 independent measures of left ventricular (LV)
      ejection fraction (EF) were determined in each of 21 patients. Patients were seen
      2 to 6 weeks after their first acute myocardial infarction and were free of
      electrocardiographic evidence of conduction abnormalities and left or right
      ventricular hypertrophy. Differences between the 2 measures of LVEF were examined
      and then compared with the extent of myocardial necrosis estimated from the
      standard 12-lead electrocardiogram using the complete 54-criteria/32-point
      Selvester QRS scoring system. Regression analysis yielded an r value of 0.81 (SEE
      = 8.05) for the overall relation between the 2 measures of LVEF. Correlation
      coefficients of -0.70, -0.66 and -0.72 were obtained for the relations of
      radionuclide LVEF, catheterization LVEF and the mean of these 2 determinations,
      respectively, compared with QRS score. A QRS score 4 or less achieved 100%
      specificity and that of 8 or less 100% sensitivity for predicting an LVEF greater
      than 40%. Thus, the Selvester QRS scoring system may be of value in identifying
      patients with or without markedly impaired LVEF. This risk stratification may be
      important in reaching optimal postinfarction therapeutic decisions.

PMID- 4061299
TI  - Effect of damped sine-wave shocks on catheter dielectric strength.
AB  - This study evaluated the ability of 24 new standard tripolar and quadripolar U.S.
      Catheter Instruments catheters to withstand a single damped sinusoidal shock
      delivered by a standard defibrillator. The schema for energy delivery was meant
      to simulate possible clinical practices. Delivered peak voltage and current were
      measured during each shock. Each electrode was examined for pitting and changes
      in line resistance as a consequence of the shock. Electrode pitting occurred on
      all selected anodal poles. However, it also was found on "unsolicited" electrodes
      from 7 catheters, indicating that current had followed unanticipated routes.
      Electrode line resistance was unmeasurable in 6 of these 7 inappropriately pitted
      electrodes. Delivered peak voltage and postshock catheter dielectric strength
      depended on the manner of energy delivery. To simulate a posterior septal
      accessory pathway ablation procedure, a shock was delivered to 2 proximal
      (anodal) poles in 16 quadripolar catheters (8 received 200 J and 8 received 360
      J). Delivered peak voltage was 3,125 +/- 362 V for the 200-J shock and 4,100 +/-
      160 V for the 360-J shock. Postshock catheter dielectric strength for the 200-
      and 360-J shock was 1,425 +/- 826 V and 601 +/- 707 V, respectively. This was
      significantly lower than peak delivered voltage (p less than 0.001 for either
      energy). To simulate His bundle or ventricular tachycardia focus ablation, 8
      tripolar catheters each received a single 200-J shock to the tip electrode. This
      resulted in a delivered peak voltage of 2,900 +/- 351 V, compared with a
      postshock dielectric strength of 1,325 +/- 1,320 V (p less than 0.002).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4061300
TI  - Value of intraoperative left ventricular microbubbles detected by transesophageal
      two-dimensional echocardiography in predicting neurologic outcome after cardiac
      operations.
AB  - To determine whether the presence or absence of left ventricular (LV)
      intracavitary microbubbles during cardiac surgery predicts neurologic sequelae,
      82 patients undergoing cardiac surgery were studied using transesophageal 2
      dimensional (2-D) echocardiography. Cross-sectional images were recorded just
      before and immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass and stop frames were reviewed
      for the presence of microbubbles, rated as: 0 = absent, 1 = fewer than 5/frame, 2
      = 10 to 25/frame, 3 = too numerous to count. Microbubbles were detected after
      cardiopulmonary bypass in 34 patients (41%) and found more often in valvular or
      other intracardiac manipulations than in coronary revascularization, 30 of 40 vs
      4 of 42, respectively (p less than 0.001). When grade 2 or 3 microbubbles were
      identified (22 of 34 patients), mechanical attempts to eradicate them were not
      successful. Postoperative follow-up in all patients revealed no new focal
      neurologic deficits. Prolonged encephalopathy (confusional state more than 72
      hours) occurred in 4 of 48 patients with no detectable microbubbles and in 3 of
      34 patients with microbubbles (difference not significant). Thus, intracavitary
      left ventricular microbubbles are often detected during cardiac operations,
      particularly during valve replacement, but are not predictive of postoperative
      neurologic complications. This is true even if microbubbles are densely
      concentrated; attempts to eradicate microbubbles are unsuccessful and may be
      unnecessary.

PMID- 4061302
TI  - Echocardiographic detection of complete and partial papillary muscle rupture
      during acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4061301
TI  - Right ventricular ejection fraction measured by first-pass intravenous krypton
      81m: reproducibility and comparison with technetium-99m.
AB  - Study of the effects of various diseases and therapeutic manipulation of
      pulmonary vascular resistance on the right ventricle has been restricted by
      methodologic limitations. The radioactive gas in solution, krypton-81m was used
      to study the right ventricle and the technique was compared with a technetium-99m
      method. In 22 subjects, first-pass krypton-81m right ventricular ejection
      fraction, acquired both in list mode and electrocardiogram-gated frame mode,
      correlated well (r = 0.81 and 0.86, respectively, p less than 0.01) with that
      determined by technetium-99m first-pass studies over a broad range of ventricular
      function. The reproducibility of the technique was excellent (r = 0.84 and 0.95
      for each acquisition mode, respectively). Krypton-81m first-pass studies provide
      accurate and reproducible estimates of right ventricular function. Use of krypton
      allows multiple measurements, with or without perturbations, over a short period
      of time.

PMID- 4061303
TI  - Relation of acute myocardial infarction to cocaine abuse.

PMID- 4061304
TI  - Exercise-related bundle branch block in children.

PMID- 4061305
TI  - Pacemaker twiddler's syndrome: an important cause of diaphragmatic pacing.

PMID- 4061306
TI  - Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia in a family.

PMID- 4061307
TI  - Induction and termination of ventricular tachycardia by changing body posture.

PMID- 4061308
TI  - Upright paradoxical posterior wall movement in mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 4061309
TI  - Safety of labor and delivery in women with mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 4061310
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse and addictions.

PMID- 4061311
TI  - Significance of E point-septal separation by M-mode echocardiography in patients
      with aortic regurgitation.

PMID- 4061312
TI  - Auscultation, M-mode echocardiography and pulsed Doppler echocardiography
      compared with angiography for diagnosis of chronic aortic regurgitation.

PMID- 4061314
TI  - Acute left ventricular dysfunction and thrombosis following natural gas
      poisoning.

PMID- 4061313
TI  - Left atrial mobile thrombus in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 4061315
TI  - Massive endocardial calcification associated with endomyocardial fibrosis.

PMID- 4061316
TI  - Effect of intense aerobic training on exercise performance in children after
      surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot or complete transposition of the great
      arteries.

PMID- 4061317
TI  - Coarctation of the aorta inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.

PMID- 4061318
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiographic diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous
      connection below the diaphragm.

PMID- 4061319
TI  - Arrhythmias and left ventricular function in chronic alcoholics with alcoholic
      cirrhosis.

PMID- 4061320
TI  - Benign intracardiac thyroid mass causing right ventricular outflow tract
      obstruction.

PMID- 4061321
TI  - Diagnosis of cardiac tumors in infants by magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 4061322
TI  - Cardiac hydatid cyst simulating tricuspid stenosis.

PMID- 4061323
TI  - Echocardiographic detection of circulating blood in normal canine hearts.

PMID- 4061324
TI  - Repeated quantitative angiograms in coronary arterial aneurysm in Kawasaki
      disease.
AB  - Accurate evaluation of the extent of coronary artery lesions complicating
      Kawasaki disease is clinically important in patient management. Based on a total
      of 188 coronary angiograms and retrospective follow-up observations, the
      condition of coronary aneurysms was quantitatively graded as: 0 (normal)--no
      significant enlargement in any portion of the coronary artery; I (mild)-
      aneurysmal dilatation of the coronary artery evident but localized, with a
      maximal diameter of less than 4.0 mm; II (moderate)--maximal diameter of coronary
      aneurysms between 4.0 and 8.0 mm, regardless of body size; III (severe)--giant
      aneurysms, with the maximal diameter greater than 8.0 mm. Most mild coronary
      aneurysms regressed to normal within a short time, and the patient's prognosis
      was good. The course of grade II aneurysms varied, depending on initial
      angiographic coronary diameter, but all were eventually reduced in coronary size.
      In contrast, grade III aneurysms usually progressed to become obstructive or
      stenotic coronary lesions, or the large aneurysm persisted. Follow-up
      observations revealed that the course of coronary artery disease depended on the
      size and distribution of aneurysms at initial angiography. This grading of the
      severity of coronary lesions may provide useful criteria for predicting the
      prognosis of patients with Kawasaki disease.

PMID- 4061325
TI  - Identification of best electrocardiographic leads for diagnosing myocardial
      infarction by statistical analysis of body surface potential maps.
AB  - This study describes a practical approach for the extraction of diagnostic
      information from body surface potential maps. Body surface potential map data
      from 361 subjects were used to identify optimal subsets of leads and features to
      distinguish 184 normal subjects from 177 patients with myocardial infarction
      (MI). Multivariate analysis was performed on 120-lead data, using as features
      instantaneous voltage measurements on time-normalized QRS and STT waveforms.
      Several areas on the map, most of which were located outside the precordial
      region, contained leads with important discriminant features; 2 of the 3 limb
      leads (aVR and aVF) also exhibited high diagnostic capability. A total of 6
      features (mostly STT measurements) from 3 locations accounted for a specificity
      of 95% and a sensitivity of 95%; these were the right subclavicular area, the
      left posterior axillary region and the left leg. As a comparison, the same number
      of features from the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram yielded a sensitivity of
      88% for a specificity of 95%. To investigate the repeatability of the results,
      the entire population was separated into a training set (100 normal subjects and
      100 patients with MI) and a testing set (84 normal subjects and 77 patients with
      MI); computing a discriminant function on the training set and applying it to the
      testing set only moderately deteriorated the diagnostic classification. It is
      concluded that this approach achieves efficient information extraction from body
      surface potential maps for improved diagnostic classification.

PMID- 4061326
TI  - Assessment of left ventricular aneurysm resectability by two-dimensional
      echocardiography.
AB  - Mortality of surgical resection of a left ventricular (LV) aneurysm is largely
      determined by size and function of nonaneurysmal or residual myocardium. A
      residual myocardial index was determined using 2-dimensional echocardiography (2
      D echo) in 56 consecutive patients scheduled for LV aneurysmectomy, and these
      results were correlated with surgical outcome. The index was calculated using 3
      apical cross sections: the 2- and 4-chamber views and the long-axis view. These
      views were recorded at mutual angles of 60 degrees. In each view the end
      diastolic length of normally moving endocardium of the 2 opposite walls was
      expressed as a fraction of the end-diastolic LV long axis. The index was assessed
      by averaging the 6 ratios obtained. In 41 survivors the index ranged from 40 to
      71% (mean +/- standard deviation 53 +/- 7.8) and in 15 nonsurvivors from 29 to
      67% (mean 38 +/- 8.5, p less than 0.01). With 1 exception, this echocardiographic
      index sharply separated survivors from nonsurvivors. The lower limit to survive
      aneurysmectomy was 40%.

PMID- 4061327
TI  - Relation between heart rate and QT interval in exercise-induced myocardial
      ischemia.
AB  - The relation between heart rate and QT interval during dynamic upright exercise
      on a bicycle ergometer was investigated in control subjects (n = 18) and in
      patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), stable angina on effort, and
      angiographically documented significant coronary stenoses (n = 23). Both groups
      had a significant negative linear relation between heart rate and QT, with a
      higher correlation coefficient in control subjects (r = -0.78) than in patients
      with CAD (r = -0.64). This response may be a result of the nonhomogeneous
      response to ischemia in patients with CAD, particularly with regard to the
      different impact of exercise-induced ischemia. When the 2 regression lines were
      compared, a flatter slope was found in the CAD group (p less than 0.001) as a
      consequence of a faster decrease in the QT-increasing rate in control subjects.
      It is suggested that in control subjects exercise-induced increase in adrenergic
      tone causes a rapid and relevant decrease in QT-interval duration. In the CAD
      group, exercise-induced ischemia relatively prolonged the QT interval; this may
      have been the result of an impairment of myocardium in response to catecholamines
      release during exercise or the consequence of a direct effect of exercise-induced
      ischemia prolonging the duration of myocardial tension.

PMID- 4061328
TI  - Effects of oral amiodarone on rate-dependent changes in refractoriness in
      patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
AB  - The refractory periods during cardiac pacing were studied in 13 patients with the
      Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The right atrial and right ventricular refractory
      periods and refractory period of the accessory pathway (anterogradely and
      retrogradely) were studied at 2 pacing cycle lengths before and after therapy
      with oral amiodarone (8,400 to 11,200 mg given in 4 to 6 weeks). The right atrial
      and right ventricular effective refractory period shortened significantly when
      the pacing rate was increased during the control study, and also after oral
      amiodarone administration. The anterograde and retrograde effective refractory
      period of the accessory pathway also shortened significantly at control study,
      but not during treatment with oral amiodarone. This indicated that amiodarone
      blunted the rate-dependent shortening in the refractory period of the accessory
      pathway. The rate-dependent increase in refractoriness of the accessory pathway
      could not be predicted or determined in all patients. In 5 patients a rate
      dependent increase in the effective refractory period of the accessory pathway
      was observed in the anterograde direction and in 3 patients in the retrograde
      direction while they were receiving oral amiodarone therapy. When these data were
      correlated with the mode of induction and termination of tachycardia, however, a
      possible effect was found in only 1 patient. Further investigation of new
      antiarrhythmic drugs should include the development of components resulting in a
      reliable and predictable increase in refractoriness when the heart rate
      increases. This would result in prompt termination of reentrant tachycardia by
      creating block for the circulating impulse.

PMID- 4061329
TI  - Spontaneous termination of reciprocating tachycardia owing to interaction of dual
      atrioventricular nodal pathways in patients with an accessory pathway.
AB  - Retrospective analysis of the electrophysiologic recordings from 125 consecutive
      patients with reciprocating tachycardia involving an accessory atrioventricular
      (AV) pathway suggested, by the mode of spontaneous termination of reciprocating
      tachycardia, the coexistence of dual AV nodal pathways in 7 patients. Three
      different modes of spontaneous tachycardia termination were observed. In 2
      patients with antidromic tachycardia, termination was a result of AV nodal
      reentry, preceded by a decrease in retrograde AV nodal conduction. In 3 other
      patients with antidromic tachycardia, termination occurred after a sudden switch
      from a slow to a fast AV nodal pathway, leading to conduction block in either the
      accessory pathway or the His-Purkinje system. In 2 patients with orthodromic
      tachycardia, termination was caused by a sudden change of anterograde conduction
      from a fast to a slow AV nodal pathway, eliciting an AV nodal echo beat. The
      interaction of dual AV nodal pathways within the reentry circuit incorporating
      the accessory pathway always inhibited sustained reciprocating tachycardia.

PMID- 4061330
TI  - Exercise-induced left bundle branch block and its relation to coronary artery
      disease.
AB  - The records of 2,584 consecutive patients who underwent both treadmill exercise
      testing and coronary cineangiography were reviewed to determine the relation
      between exercise-induced, acceleration-dependent left bundle branch block (LBBB)
      and the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Rate-dependent LBBB during
      exercise was identified in 28 patients (1.1%), who were categorized according to
      their presenting symptoms: classic angina pectoris, atypical chest pain,
      symptomatic cardiac arrhythmia and asymptomatic. Asymptomatic patients underwent
      a screening exercise test. CAD was present in 7 of 10 patients who presented with
      classic angina pectoris, but 12 of 13 patients presenting with atypical chest
      pain had normal coronary arteries. All 10 patients in whom LBBB developed at a
      heart rate of 125 beats/min or higher were free of CAD, whereas 9 of 18 patients
      in whom LBBB developed at a heart rate of less than 125 beats/min had CAD. Normal
      coronary arteries were present in 3 patients who presented with angina and in
      whom both chest pain and LBBB developed during exercise. It is concluded that
      patients who present with atypical chest pain in whom rate-dependent LBBB
      develops on the treadmill are significantly less likely to have CAD than patients
      who present with classic angina; the onset of LBBB at a heart rate of 125
      beats/min or higher is highly correlated with the presence of normal coronary
      arteries, regardless of patient presentation; and patients with angina in whom
      both chest pain and LBBB develop during exercise may have normal coronary
      arteries.

PMID- 4061331
TI  - Response to the Valsalva maneuver after the Fontan procedure for tricuspid valve
      atresia, single ventricle or pulmonic valve atresia.
AB  - The Valsalva maneuver was performed during cardiac catheterization in 9 patients
      who had undergone a Fontan operation (Fontan group) and in 10 control subjects.
      The Fontan group had higher right atrial (RA) pressure (16 +/- 1 vs 4 +/- 0.5 mm
      Hg, p less than 0.001), lower cardiac index (2.5 +/- 0.1 vs 3.7 +/- 0.2
      liters/min/m2, p less than 0.05), lower stroke index (32 +/- 2 vs 44 +/- 2
      ml/beat/m2, p less than 0.05), and higher systemic vascular resistance (31 +/- 1
      vs 24 +/- 1 units, p less than 0.05) than the control group. Four patients in the
      Fontan group had a normal 4-phase Valsalva response, and 5 did not (p less than
      0.05). RA pressure was similar in those who responded normally and those who did
      not (16 +/- 0.5 vs 17 +/- 1 mm Hg), whereas in those who responded normally
      cardiac index was higher (2.9 +/- 0.2 vs 2.2 +/- 0.1 liters/min/m2, p less than
      0.05), stroke index was higher (36 +/- 1 vs 28 +/- 1 ml/beat/m2, p less than
      0.05), and systemic vascular resistance was lower (28 +/- 1 vs 31 +/- 1, p less
      than 0.05). It is concluded that cardiac output is a better predictor of a normal
      response to the Valsalva maneuver than RA pressure in patients after the Fontan
      procedure. A normal response to the supine Valsalva maneuver suggests a cardiac
      index greater than 2.4 liters/min/m2 and stroke index greater than 31 ml/beat/m2.

PMID- 4061332
TI  - Ventricular remodeling in myocardial infarction--the rat and the human.

PMID- 4061333
TI  - Systolic time intervals in coronary heart disease at rest and during exercise.

PMID- 4061334
TI  - Sympathetic tone in congestive heart failure.

PMID- 4061335
TI  - Three-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative analysis of rat lung type II
      cells: a computer-based study.
AB  - The three-dimensional structure of alveolar epithelial type II cells was imaged
      using a computer-based system designed for reconstruction and quantitative
      analysis of serially sectioned specimens. Six type II cells were reconstructed
      from serial ultrathin sections of lungs from two Sprague Dawley male rats and the
      results were compared to standard morphometric estimates of type II cell
      composition from five other Sprague Dawley male rats. A minor portion of the type
      II cell surface was in contact with the alveolar airspace while most of the cell
      surface was embedded in the alveolar septal interstitium. The type II cells
      contained multiple Golgi regions located close to the nucleus. Mitochondria
      formed a few branching filamentous networks extending throughout the cell. The
      reconstructed cells appeared to represent a homogeneous population having
      fractional volumes of intracellular organelles very similar to those found by
      morphometric techniques. The spatial distribution of secretory organelle volume
      suggests that the organization of this cell type reflects an ordered progression
      of secretory particle maturation which is consistent with earlier hypotheses of
      lamellar body assembly.

PMID- 4061336
TI  - Mucosal nerves and smooth muscle relationships with gastric glands of the
      opossum: an ultrastructural and three-dimensional reconstruction study.
AB  - The precise anatomical relation by which autonomic nerve endings contact gastric
      epithelial cells to enhance the rate of gastric secretions is not fully
      understood. The aim of the present study was to clarify this issue by using the
      technique of serial section reconstruction of areas of the gastric mucosa. The
      work also explored the possibility of a functional role for a system of smooth
      muscle strands in the gastric mucosa that emanate from the muscularis mucosa, run
      in the lamina propria, and are associated in a unique manner with the gastric
      glands. Electron microscopic serial sections of the gastric mucosa were performed
      to visualize the entire limiting membrane of gastric epithelial cells to
      determine any nerve associations (especially varicose endings) with these cells.
      Evaluation of serial sections of five separate parietal cells showed that their
      basal membrane did not come in close contact (nearest distance 500 nm) with any
      nerve axon or varicosity. Moreover, the axons passing in the area of these cells
      ultimately showed varicose endings associated with smooth muscle cells in the
      adjacent connective tissue (often separated by only 20 nm), with mast cells or
      with vascular elements. Additionally, the lateral membrane of these five parietal
      cells did not contact any endocrine cell in the epithelium, although other
      parietal cells in the area were adjacent to endocrine cells. Chief cells in the
      immediate area also did not form any close associations with nerve varicosities.
      Random analysis of 5,000 additional epithelial cells in these sections showed no
      close associations to nerve elements with significant accumulations of
      neurosecretory vesicles (varicosities). Because of the observed existence of
      innervation to the smooth muscle strands in the area of the gastric glands,
      serial 1-micron epoxy sections of the gastric mucosa were prepared, and profiles
      of smooth muscle and gastric glands were entered into a computer-assisted
      reconstruction system. Three-dimensional reconstruction techniques were employed
      to reveal the existence of a unique association between the mucosal smooth muscle
      strands and the gastric glands. The muscle strands arose from the muscularis
      mucosa at regular intervals and became branched to form an intricate wrap around
      a series of gastric glands that empty into one gastric pit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 4061338
TI  - Perivascular cells in cartilage canals of the developing mouse epiphysis.
AB  - Morphological variability among perivascular cells adjacent to cartilage matrix
      during the elongation of canals through both uncalcified and calcified matrix has
      not been reported. Cartilage canals were located in distal femoral epiphyses of 5
      to 7-day-old mice and identified as vascular channels arising from perichondrial
      surfaces along the condyles and intercondylar fossae. Three stages of canal
      development were identified based on the length of canals and on characteristics
      of chondrocytes and matrix surrounding the canals. Superficial canals terminated
      in uncalcified matrix of resting cartilage; intermediate canals terminated in
      matrix containing hypertrophic chondrocytes; deep canals terminated in calcified
      matrix. The ultrastructural morphology of perivascular cells in contact with the
      matrix varied in the three stages. Cells resembling fibroblasts and vacuolated
      macrophages were present adjacent to the uncalcified matrix in superficial
      canals. At the tips of intermediate canals, cells resembling fibroblasts were
      larger, contained numerous lysosomes and phagolysosomes, and were in intimate
      contact with the matrix. At the tips of deep canals, chondroclasts with ruffled
      borders and clear zones contacted the calcified matrix. The results indicate that
      1) mouse epiphyses provide a suitable model for studying cartilage-canal
      perivascular cells, 2) calcification of cartilage matrix occurs along the course
      of the canal, and 3) the morphology of perivascular cells in contact with the
      matrix may be determined, in part, by matrix calcification.

PMID- 4061337
TI  - Proliferation and differentiation sequence of osteoblast histogenesis under
      physiological conditions in rat periodontal ligament.
AB  - To define the mechanism of osteoblast histogenesis, nuclear morphometry was
      utilized as a marker for precursor cell differentiation. One hour after 3H
      thymidine injection, groups of 7-week-old rats were killed at hourly intervals
      over one complete 24-hr photoperiod (LD 12:12). S-phase and mitosis were assessed
      in autoradiographs of 3-micron sections of molar periodontal ligament (PDL)
      adjacent to a physiological bone-forming surface. Labeled nuclei were divided
      into four categories according to morphometry of nuclear size: A (40-79 micron3),
      B (80-119 micron3), C (120-169 micron3), and D (greater than or equal to 170
      micron3) cells. C and D cells synthesize DNA during the light and divide in the
      following dark phase; the rhythm for A cells is the opposite. B cells
      demonstrated no preference and were subsequently determined to be nonosteogenic.
      Compared to A cells the S-phase photoperiod of C and D cells (combined) is
      approximately a one-to-one reciprocal relationship, suggesting two proliferating
      progenitors in series. Based on arrest points in the histogenesis sequence, five
      compartments are defined: 1) A cells, less differentiated, self-perpetuating
      precursors; 2) A' cells, committed osteoprogenitors; 3) C cells, G1 stage
      preosteoblasts; 4) D cells, G2 stage preosteoblasts; and 5) Ob cells,
      morphologically distinct osteoblasts. Minimal elapsed time for the A----A'----C--
      -D----Ob sequence is about 60 hr (five alternating dark/light cycles). A
      stress/strain-mediated increase in nuclear volume (A'----C) is an important, rate
      limiting step in osteoblast differentiation.

PMID- 4061339
TI  - Studies of otoconia in the developing chick by polarized light microscopy.
AB  - Using polarized light microscopy we were able to observe the mineralization
      patterns of embryonic and neonatal chick otoconia. We compared preparations of
      freshly dissected material spread under mineral oil to material that had been
      treated with various fixatives and dehydration agents. We found that the standard
      fixation agent, glutaraldehyde, and some immersion oils etched embryonic chick
      otoconia but that fixation with 70% acetone or 70% alcohol followed by
      dehydration to 100% acetone or 100% alcohol left the otoconia intact. The size
      and shape of freshly dissected chick otoconia observed with polarized light
      microscopy were similar to those of acetone-fixed, critical-point-dried material
      examined by SEM. Embryonic forms of otoconia were found to have a fluted pattern
      that was different in morphology from otoconia found in hatched chicks and
      adults. Embryonic chick otoconia did not exhibit the multifaceted surface
      morphology seen in embryonic rat otoconia. Comparisons of the same fields of
      otoconia under phase contrast microscopy and polarized light microscopy indicated
      that the freshly dissected otoconia of embryos exhibit little or no unmineralized
      (non-birefringent) material but that glutaraldehyde-fixed otoconia exhibited
      unmineralized areas where etching had occurred. Size frequency distributions of
      freshly dissected embryonic and mature otoconia in five ages of embryos and
      hatched chicks were consistent with a hypothesized developmental sequence of
      otoconia.

PMID- 4061340
TI  - The effects of the organophosphate insecticide malathion on very young chick
      embryos: malformations detected by histological examination.
AB  - This histological study sought to determine the nature and incidence of
      developmental abnormalities induced by one of the reportedly least teratogenic of
      insecticides injected into very young chick embryos. Using techniques to assure
      rapid contact between injectant and embryo, eggs incubated for 24, 48, or 72 hr
      were injected with corn oil or 125 micrograms-4.0 mg malathion. The embryos were
      recovered 48 hr later, paraffin-embedded, serially cross-sectioned, and examined
      in detail. Structures affected (and the nature of the defects) were as follows:
      wing level notochord and spinal cord (folded or undulated); trunk/leg level
      spinal cord (variously, neural folds unfused, roof infolded, canal partitioned,
      etc.); eye (lens misshapen or severely thinned, optic cup incompletely
      invaginated); diencephalon (epiphysis bifurcated or off-center, supernumerary
      outgrowths); cardiovascular structures (atrium and major blood vessels enlarged);
      and tailbud (curled into hindgut: ourentery). Overall incidence was both dose-
      and age-related, doubling for each doubling of dose and tripling for each 24 hr
      less age at exposure. For most (not all) individual structures, incidence was
      greatest when exposed at 24 hr and nil at 72 hr. Severity of effect was not
      consistently dose- or age-dependent. We conclude that contrary to previous
      reports, 24- to 72-hr embryos are highly vulnerable to insecticide exposure, with
      the youngest the most vulnerable, and many of the defects detected may be
      attributed to either of two mechanisms: failure in formation of the supportive
      sheath, or factors that cause epithelial morphogenesis (e.g., microtubules,
      microfilaments, extracellular material, cell-to-cell adhesion mechanisms).
      Previous observations that 1- to 3-day embryos are relatively unresponsive to
      insecticides are probably artifactual owing to imprecise techniques.

PMID- 4061342
TI  - The energy cost of aerobic exercise in fed and fasted normal subjects.
AB  - It has been claimed that there is a prolonged thermogenic effect of aerobic
      exercise although the evidence is by no means conclusive. We have therefore
      studied the thermogenic effect of moderate aerobic exercise in the fasted and fed
      state in four lean subjects during weight maintenance. Exercise was performed at
      a constant rate on a bicycle ergometer during the initial 20 min for four
      successive hours. The first two exercise periods were in the fasted state while
      the last two followed an 800 kcal (3.4 MJ) mixed meal. Oxygen uptake increased
      22% over the 165 min after the meal on rest days (p less than 0.001). There was a
      significant but similar elevation of mean O2 uptake during 40 min postexercise by
      13.6% in both the fasted (p less than 0.001) and fed state (p less than 0.001).
      Sixty minutes after ceasing exercise mean O2 uptake was not different from
      preexercise levels (p greater than 0.05). We conclude that there is no prolonged
      thermogenic effect of moderate repeated aerobic exercise in weight-maintaining
      lean subjects. In addition there was no interaction between exercise and dietary
      induced thermogenesis.

PMID- 4061341
TI  - The energy cost of common daily activities in African women: increased
      expenditure in pregnancy?
AB  - We have performed, by open-circuit indirect calorimetry, a total of 1546
      measurements of energy expenditure on 142 nonpregnant, pregnant, or lactating
      Gambian village women. Of the 47 common daily activities measured, only 7 would
      be classified as moderate according to internationally accepted standards, the
      remainder being light (ie requiring less than 3.5 kcal/min). This was unexpected
      since many of the tasks, judged subjectively, appeared quite demanding.
      Furthermore there was no increase towards the end of pregnancy in the energy cost
      of a range of activities requiring 1-5 kcal/min and involving a variety of body
      movements, despite the substantial weight gains observed. Only for walking was
      there the expected increase in energy expenditure. Although in the past it has
      been assumed that the heavier pregnant women would require additional energy for
      activity, no special allowance for this is included in current dietary
      recommendations. The present results indicate that, for women from the developing
      world, no allowance is necessary. The finding that most activities were light is
      also of relevance to total energy requirements in this community.

PMID- 4061343
TI  - Zinc supplementation during pregnancy in low-income teenagers of Mexican descent:
      effects on selected blood constituents and on progress and outcome of pregnancy.
AB  - As a follow-up of our study of pregnant women, we report effects of zinc
      supplementation during pregnancy in another population of 138 Hispanic teenagers
      in Los Angeles. Teenagers were randomized (double-blind) to a control or zinc
      supplemented group and received similar daily vitamin and mineral supplements
      except for 20 mg zinc added to the zinc-supplemented group's capsules. Initially,
      mean dietary zinc intakes of both groups were about 50% of the Recommended
      Dietary Allowance and their mean serum zinc levels did not differ significantly
      (69.8 +/- 11.2 micrograms/dl in control and 69.0 +/- 11.4 micrograms/dl in zinc
      supplemented group). Zinc supplementation did not maintain mean serum zinc levels
      during pregnancy but, as in our earlier study, it reduced (p = 0.018) the number
      of low serum zinc values (less than or equal to 53 micrograms/dl) in late
      pregnancy. Zinc supplementation did not affect outcome of pregnancy but serum
      zinc levels were lower (p = 0.038) in teenagers with pregnancy-induced
      hypertension than in normotensives.

PMID- 4061344
TI  - Selenium status of exclusively breast-fed infants as influenced by maternal
      organic or inorganic selenium supplementation.
AB  - A longitudinal dietary Se supplementation study on lactating mothers was
      performed to determine the possibilities of improving the Se status of
      exclusively breast-fed infants. A total of 200 mothers randomized into three
      groups received either no Se supplements, 100 micrograms of selenite, or 100
      micrograms of yeast-Se daily. Maternal and infant serum Se concentrations showed
      a linear correlation during exclusive breast-feeding. Yeast-Se in the dose
      administered was safe and more effective than selenite in increasing the Se
      concentrations of maternal serum and milk, and infant serum. The mean estimated
      daily Se intakes of the infants were 7.7 +/- 2.2, 8.9 +/- 2.2, and 11.5 +/- 4
      micrograms, in the control, selenite, and yeast-Se groups respectively. Though
      the infant Se intakes of the unsupplemented and selenite-supplemented mothers
      were below the lower limit of the safe and adequate range as set by the US
      National Research Council, their serum Se concentrations increased steadily over
      the 6-mo study period. As maternal serum Se also increased by over 50% during the
      same period the results suggest that a maternal daily intake of 50-75 micrograms
      is adequate during lactation.

PMID- 4061345
TI  - Copper absorption from human milk, cow's milk, and infant formulas using a
      suckling rat model.
AB  - Since copper deficiency is known to occur during infancy, it becomes important to
      assess copper uptake from various infant diets. We have investigated the uptake
      of copper from human milk, cow's milk, cow's milk formulas, cereal/milk formula
      and soy formula, compensating for the decay of 64Cu and using the suckling rat as
      a model. Radiocopper was added to the diet in trace amounts. Ultracentrifugation,
      ultrafiltration, and gel filtration were used to show that the added 64Cu bound
      to milk fractions and individual binding compounds in a manner analogous to the
      distribution of native copper, thus validating the use of extrinsically labeled
      diets. Labeled diets were intubated into 14-day-old suckling rats. Animals were
      killed after 6 h and tissues removed and counted. Liver copper uptake was 25%
      from human milk, 23% from cow's milk formula, 18% from cow's milk, 17% from
      premature (cow's milk based) infant formula, 17% from cereal/milk formula and 10%
      from soy formula. These results show that the rat pup model may provide a rapid,
      inexpensive, and sensitive method to assay bioavailability of copper from infant
      foods.

PMID- 4061347
TI  - Exclusive breast-feeding of newborns among married women in the United States:
      the National Natality Surveys of 1969 and 1980.
AB  - Questions about infant feeding practices after birth were included in 1969 and
      1980 National Natality Surveys (NNS). At 3-6 mo postpartum, NNS questionnaires
      were mailed to mothers of live infants born in wedlock, and responses were
      weighted to permit national estimates. Based on the NNS, the proportion of women
      who were exclusively breast-feeding newborns in the United States was
      significantly lower in 1969 (19% of white women, 9% of black women) compared with
      1980 (51% of white women, 25% of black women). In 1969, the highest percentages
      of exclusive breast-feeding were observed among white women less than or equal to
      34 yr, of parity less than or equal to 3 and greater than 7, and of higher than
      lower socioeconomic groups; and among black women greater than or equal to 30 yr,
      of parity greater than or equal to 4, and of lower than higher socioeconomic
      groups. Among women in both races in 1980, more primiparae than multiparae and
      the more highly educated were breast-feeding. More white than black women
      exclusively breast-fed within each birthweight and each sociodemographic
      characteristic in 1980; therefore, the racial differences remained across these
      factors. These findings are compared with results of the Ross Laboratories
      surveys of infant feeding.

PMID- 4061346
TI  - Skeletal muscle function in chronic renal failure: an index of nutritional
      status.
AB  - To determine whether skeletal muscle function testing (SMF) provides an index of
      nutritional status in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), two groups with
      comparable CRF were studied. In 48 well-nourished (WN) and 17 malnourished (MN)
      patients with stable CRF, and in 33 WN nonazotemic controls, adductor pollicis
      function was assessed. The force at 10 Hz was expressed as a % of force at 100 Hz
      (F10/F100), and maximal relaxation rate (MRR) as % force loss/10 ms. Standard
      nutritional assessment was also performed. The WN group was not significantly
      different from controls for either F10/F100 or MRR. The F10/F100 of the MN group
      was significantly greater than either the WN group or controls (p less than
      0.001), while MRR was less (p less than 0.001). Significant malnutrition by
      conventional parameters was shown in patients with abnormal F10/F100, and also in
      patients with abnormal MRR. Hence, SMF as described is unaffected by azotemia,
      and provides a functional measure of nutritional status in CRF.

PMID- 4061348
TI  - Water intakes of lactating women.
AB  - Women are commonly advised to increase their water intake during lactation, even
      though empirical data describing fluid intakes of successfully lactating women is
      lacking. Water intake from solid food and beverage was determined from 135 food
      records completed by 26 lactating women who had fully breast-fed their infants
      for 3 to 4 mo. Inter-subject variability in total water intake, food water, and
      beverage was significantly greater (one-way analysis of variance, p less than
      0.01) than intra-subject variability. Total water consumption/subject (mean +/-
      SEM) was 2860 +/- 108 g/day, with 640 +/- 48 g/day from food and 2220 +/- 110
      g/day from beverage. One-third of the subjects consumed less than the 1 g of
      water/kcal of energy need described in the current Recommended Dietary
      Allowances. Thus, it appears that while many successfully lactating women consume
      large quantities of water, many do not consume enough to satisfy theoretical
      recommendations. Results indicate that estimation of water intake must include
      water available in food as well as in beverage.

PMID- 4061349
TI  - How valid are bioelectric impedance measurements in body composition studies?

PMID- 4061350
TI  - Guidelines for surgery for morbid obesity. Task Force of The American Society for
      Clinical Nutrition.

PMID- 4061351
TI  - Guidelines for a committee on nutritional care of the Hospital Medical Board.
      Report of a Task Force of the American Society for Clinical Nutrition.

PMID- 4061352
TI  - The nutritional aspects of hypertension.

PMID- 4061353
TI  - Diet and gastric digestion.
AB  - Gastric digestion is concerned with the storing, grinding and delivery of foods
      by the stomach and occurs in 3 phases: adaptive relaxation, liquefaction of
      solids, and emptying of liquefied solids. These processes are affected by
      psychological factors, by the sight, smell, and taste of food, and by the volume
      and composition of the meal. Starvation probably also influences these processes.
      These effects are mediated by parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves and by
      hormones of enteric or extradigestive origin.

PMID- 4061354
TI  - Effect of diet on gastric secretion.
AB  - Meals stimulate gastric acid secretion in man and animals. The lowest pH of
      gastric content in man, however, occurs during the early morning hours. Protein
      meals are both effective buffers raising the gastric pH immediately after
      ingestion and potent stimulants to acid secretion lowering the pH as the meal is
      emptied. Two methods, intragastric titration and marker dilution methods are
      available for measuring acid output in man to a meal. Acid secretion is
      influenced by the appetizing qualities and the chemical and physical
      characteristics of the meal. In man and cat acid secretion in response to a meal
      can equal the maximal response to histamine and pentagastrin. In the dog, it
      exceeds it. Fat delays the acid secretory response. Both the vagus nerves and
      gastrin are implicated in mediating the response.

PMID- 4061355
TI  - The effect of diet on small intestinal and biliary tract function.
AB  - During fasting, the motor and secretory activity of the small intestine and
      biliary tract is characterized by periodic oscillation between activity and
      quiescence. On fasting, motor and secretory activity is continuous although
      variable. Different phases of activity are marked by variations in plasma levels
      of gastrointestinal regulatory peptides, but current evidence indicates that the
      interdigestive periodicity is generated in the intrinsic innervation, while the
      response to food is mediated by vagal sensory receptors. It is now clear that the
      extent and complexity of neurochemical regulation of gut function by both the
      enteric and central nervous systems has been hitherto underestimated.

PMID- 4061356
TI  - The role of the stomach in eating.
AB  - The paper is concerned with the locus of provenance of satiety signals, what
      these are generated by, and pathways by which they reach the brain. Satiety
      signals are generated by the stomach and are of two kinds: distention at high
      volume and nutrient content. The former, but not the latter, are relayed to the
      brain via the vagus. Receptors that signal nutrient respond to digestive
      breakdown product of such nutrient. Further experiments are summarized to show
      that the gastric nutrient signals are calibrated through learning by association
      with various flavors. Previous to such learning, when food is novel, gastric
      controls do not operate, but regulation occurs through oropharyngeal metering.

PMID- 4061357
TI  - Satiety signals from the gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - Experiments in rats with crossed intestines have shown that signals arising in a
      30 cm segment of upper small intestine do not affect the short-term control of
      food intake. The combined stimulus of neural and hormonal signals arising in the
      crossed intestinal segment and of absorbed food do not inhibit intake during a
      subsequent meal. The relevant satiety signals must arise in either the stomach
      and upper duodenum or in the lower small intestine. A transplanted stomach study
      has shown that a hormone released from the stomach is responsible for the
      termination of a single meal. Other studies show that neural or hormonal signals
      coming from the lower small intestine are important in the regulation of total
      daily food intake and in the long-term regulation of body weight.

PMID- 4061358
TI  - Is there a role for the liver in the control of food intake?
AB  - The liver, despite its key place in energy regulation, has been implicated in
      feeding for only the last 20 yr and this theory is still quite controversial.
      Information about liver metabolism is transmitted to areas in the brain which
      receive other information relevant to feeding such as from gustatory and central
      glucoreceptors. Behavioral studies of feeding in which nutrients or
      antimetabolites have been infused into the liver are equivocal. However, if one
      considers the liver as acting in concert with oral factors and the
      gastrointestinal tract, its role in feeding becomes clearer. Glucose infusion
      into the liver or oral intake of glucose have small effects on glucose intake by
      themselves. Combined, these two manipulations interact giving reliable
      suppression of subsequent glucose intake. Fructose when given peripherally is not
      metabolized by the brain but is by the liver and can suppress feeding. These and
      other considerations suggest that the liver is probably important in controlling
      feeding as part of a sequence of integrated events beginning in the mouth,
      integrated by the brain, and ending with the appropriate behaviors.

PMID- 4061359
TI  - Dietary effects on brain serotonin synthesis: relationship to appetite
      regulation.
AB  - This review summarizes evidence showing that: 1) the synthesis of serotonin in
      the brain depends directly on the amount of tryptophan available to it from the
      circulation; 2) tryptophan uptake into brain depends on the blood levels not only
      of tryptophan, but also of other aromatic and branched-chain amino acids that
      compete with tryptophan for a common transport carrier into brain; and 3) dietary
      factors that influence the blood levels of tryptophan and these other amino acids
      can modify tryptophan uptake into brain, and consequently the rate of serotonin
      formation. Additionally, data are reviewed that attempt to show that appetite for
      protein and/or carbohydrates is dependent on the relationship between food
      intake, plasma amino acid pattern, brain tryptophan uptake, and serotonin
      synthesis.

PMID- 4061360
TI  - Physiological determinant of hunger, satiation, and satiety.
AB  - The initiation and cessation of feeding behavior is explained on the basis of the
      ischymetric hypothesis (from ISCHYROS meaning "Mighty One" or power). Cellular
      production of power or "Metabolisme de Fond" (MF) is measured continuously in
      terms of total body metabolism minus the metabolic costs of locomotion. A drop in
      MF signals the onset of eating. Eating initiates a rise in MF and when this
      signal peaks, the feeding process stops. Control of satiation is described in
      terms of recent neurophysiologic and neuroendrologic factors that influence MF.

PMID- 4061362
TI  - Diet, gastrointestinal function and eating behavior. A symposium on food,
      nutrition, and health. June 13-15, 1983, Princeton, NJ.

PMID- 4061361
TI  - Preferring for pleasure.
AB  - Recent review articles have confirmed that pleasure is a potent drive inducing
      forms of behavior adapted to physiological needs, especially in the case of
      temperature regulation and food-and-water intake. This point is accepted in the
      present article. The hypothesis of the usefulness of pleasure is pushed one step
      further by examining the results of experiments on conflicting motivations. In a
      conflict of fatigue vs thermal discomfort human subjects in a first series of
      sessions rated their fatigue and their thermal discomfort while walking on a
      treadmill placed in a climatic chamber. In further series of sessions the
      subjects could select either the treadmill slope or the ambient temperature.
      During these sessions the subjects behaved in such a way as to maximize the two
      dimensional pleasure (or minimize the two-dimensional displeasure). Rats placed
      in a conflict of motivations of palatability vs cold discomfort behaved in a way
      that can also be interpreted as a tendency to maximize pleasure. It is therefore
      suggested that sensory pleasure is an incentive to useful behavior, and
      maximization of pleasure the answer to physiological conflicts.

PMID- 4061364
TI  - Sensory characteristics of foods: new evaluation techniques.
AB  - New product development requires the integration of sensory attributes including
      product taste, texture, and appearance with consumer attitudes and health biases.
      Both sensory and attitudinal variables determine food preferences, product
      purchase and food consumption. This review paper describes novel mathematical
      procedures that allow for study of real foods rather than model systems.
      Application of the Response Surface Method (RSM) to sensory evaluation of salted
      snacks is described.

PMID- 4061363
TI  - Physiology of energy intake: an inventory control model.
AB  - An inventory control model is used to describe the regulation of depot fat and
      contribution made to the satiation process by putative feedback signals. In the
      two bin inventory control system, adipose tissue is viewed as a large storage
      reservoir which is periodically refilled by means of adjustments made in meal
      consumption. The gastrointestinal tract is viewed as a smaller bin which triggers
      renewed food ingestion when it becomes partially emptied. However, reduction in
      the contents of the adipose tissue bin below a critical level (reorder point
      quantity) generates a signal to the brain that appropriately modulates meal size
      and intermeal interval. Because this model evolved to cope with worst case
      situations, a strong bias for storage in time of plenty is inherent in the
      system. This fact helps to account for the high prevalence of obesity in energy
      rich societies, where, in contrast to the situation that obtains in primitive
      societies, the energy cost of obtaining food is minimal.

PMID- 4061365
TI  - Experimental analyses of the effects of variety in a meal on human feeding.
AB  - Satiety can be relatively specific to particular foods, and this is an important
      factor in influencing human food selection and the amount of food eaten. As a
      food is eaten, its taste and appearance decrease in pleasantness, but the taste
      and appearance of other foods remain relatively unchanged. The changes in
      pleasantness are highly correlated with the amounts of foods that will be eaten
      subsequently in a meal. Therefore more is eaten during a meal consisting of a
      variety of foods than during a meal with just one of the foods, even if that food
      is the favorite. This enhancement depends at least in part on the sensory
      properties of foods in that change in just the flavor or shape of foods affect
      intake. Although changes in the color of foods do not affect intake, the taste of
      colors that have been eaten becomes less pleasant and this probably affects food
      selection. The more dissimilar foods are, the greater the enhancement of intake
      by variety in a meal will be. As well as affecting food intake, the change in the
      pleasantness of foods which occurs while eating is an important determinant of
      food selection in that it promotes consumption of a varied diet.

PMID- 4061366
TI  - Determinants of dietary self-selection in experimental animals.
AB  - During the past 10 yr, renewed interest has been expressed in the mechanisms
      controlling the intake of specific dietary components. In particular, this
      interest has focused on research examining the role of the central nervous system
      in regulating intake of the three macronutrients protein, fat, and carbohydrate.
      Several hypotheses relating specific neurotransmitter systems to nutrient
      selection have developed from this research. However, conflicting data make the
      acceptance of any one hypothesis about diet selection untenable. As an attempt to
      reconcile some of the conflicting data, the present paper describes a variety of
      factors which can influence patterns of nutrient choice. The effects of diet
      composition, the experimental environment, the animals' background, and
      nutritional history on diet selection are examined.

PMID- 4061367
TI  - Effect of changes in pH, in osmolarity, or in temperature on food intake.
AB  - The thermogenic potential of food is one of the most likely factors to offer a
      basis for quantitative control of food intake, and is probably the one best
      fitted to serve as an intrinsic food factor.

PMID- 4061368
TI  - Effects of physical state (liquid-solid) of foods on food intake: procedural and
      substantive contributions.
AB  - Two types of procedures are described for the study of the effects of food
      attributes on food intake. One is concurrent evaluation in which the attribute is
      placed in the food, and the amount consumed is measured. The other is the
      preloading paradigm in which a food containing the attribute is given before a
      test meal and intake of the test meal is measured. From our work with both types
      of procedure in which we used foods in both solid and liquefied form, we conclude
      that the effects of food attributes on intake will differ depending on which
      procedure is used. Concurrent evaluation is recommended when the time course of
      the attribute is short-lived (few seconds to a minute). Preloading is the
      procedure of choice when the attribute's effect is longer-lasting (several
      minutes to hours). When the same food was served in either solid or liquefied
      form, there was no difference in intakes of the two versions, but for liquefied
      form, the rate of consumption was faster, and meal duration was shorter, than for
      the solid. When a completely liquefied preload (soup) was given, intake in the
      following test meal was less for the same caloric load than when the preload was
      only partly in liquid form. Liquefied foods may be more efficient in producing
      satiety, as measured by food intake reduction, than solids. Because the two
      preloads were different across dimensions other than solid-liquid, more
      investigation of these other dimensions is needed.

PMID- 4061369
TI  - Chews and swallows and the microstructure of eating.
AB  - The study of eating behavior in animals and humans shows that much is learned if
      detailed and sensitive measurement of the ingestive process can be made. It is
      possible to measure all chews and swallows of human subjects during a meal. This
      proves to be a sensitive way to measure the microstructure of a meal, reflecting
      hunger, palatability, and satiation. The oral sensor promises to be an
      unobtrusive and objective method of measuring all meals, snacks, and nibbling
      throughout the day. The oral sensor should provide a means of evaluating both the
      palatability and the satiating value of foods and the role of hunger and other
      manipulations of the internal environment in changing the chewing and swallowing
      microstructure of eating.

PMID- 4061370
TI  - Effect of exercise on food intake in human subjects.
AB  - We review human studies of the effect of physical activity on food intake. Most
      are flawed by inaccurate measurement of energy expenditure and/or energy intake,
      by lack of controls, or by short study periods. While lean persons seem to
      regulate and maintain weight well, studies in obese subjects are inconclusive. At
      realistic exercise intensities, the effect on weight is generally small. There is
      little evidence of inhibition of food intake. In our metabolic ward studies,
      treadmill exercise neither enhanced nor inhibited food intake in obese
      individuals. Since intake remained fixed, a negative energy balance was observed
      with exercise. When more savory food was provided, intake again remained fixed as
      exercise was increased, but subjects ate more throughout and maintained positive
      energy balance. Thus, energy output does not regulate energy intake closely in
      the obese. Food-related cues seem more important than exercise-generated signals.
      The beneficial effect of exercise on body weight is limited to the extra calories
      expended. Further careful studies are essential to differentiate effects of kinds
      and intensities of exercise.

PMID- 4061371
TI  - Chemotherapy of cervix cancer with doxorubicin and cisplatin. A phase I pilot
      study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group.
AB  - Twelve women with previously irradiated advanced pelvic cancer were treated with
      doxorubicin and cisplatin to determine a maximum tolerable dose. Response was not
      an objective of this phase I study, but one partial response was seen in four
      cases of cervix cancer with measurable lesions. Hematologic toxicity was frequent
      and severe at the starting doses (doxorubicin 30 mg/M2 and cisplatin 100 mg/M2
      every 3 weeks), but was acceptable when cisplatin was used at 75 mg/M2. Further
      evaluation of this combination in squamous carcinoma of the cervix is not
      recommended.

PMID- 4061372
TI  - A phase II study of bisantrene in advanced refractory breast cancer. An Eastern
      Cooperative Oncology Group pilot study.
AB  - Thirty patients with advanced refractory breast cancer received bisantrene 260
      mg/m2 intravenously every 3 weeks. Reversible myelosuppression was the most
      commonly observed side effect. Four patients (13.3%) achieved objective partial
      response (90% confidence intervals 3-24%), while two patients (6.6%) had disease
      improvement with a PR + IMP rate of 19.9%. Seven additional patients (23.3%) had
      stabilization of disease. This drug has antitumor activity against breast cancer
      and warrants further study, particularly if problems with drug delivery are
      overcome.

PMID- 4061373
TI  - Phase II study of etoposide (VP-16) in the treatment of advanced head and neck
      cancer.
AB  - Eighteen patients with advanced and heavily pretreated squamous cell carcinoma of
      the head and neck were treated with etoposide (VP-16). Of 16 patients evaluable
      for response, two (13%) achieved partial response lasting 3 to 4 months, and five
      (31%) achieved stable disease status lasting 2 to 7 months. One patient achieved
      a partial response in regional lymph nodes and the primary site, while a second
      patient achieved a partial response of a regional lymph node recurrence. Toxicity
      was significant but acceptable, consisting mainly of leukopenia and alopecia.
      Thrombocytopenia and mild nausea were also seen. VP-16 demonstrated modest
      activity in this disease and might be considered for further trials.

PMID- 4061374
TI  - Cytotoxic chemotherapy and androgen priming in patients with advanced carcinoma
      of the prostate. A phase II trial of the Piedmont Oncology Association.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with advanced prostatic cancer refractory to hormonal
      therapy were entered into a phase II study of cytotoxic chemotherapy combined
      with androgen priming. Patients received vincristine 0.5 mg on day 1;
      fluoxymesterone 10 mg p.o. TID, days 1-5; methotrexate 4 mg/m2 p.o., days 1-7;
      and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 I.V., day 8. Patients entered had no prior
      chemotherapy, most were symptomatic but ambulatory (18/23), and almost all had
      bone metastases (22/23). There were two stable responses and 14 progressions in
      16 patients evaluable for response. Hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicities
      were substantial. Androgen priming was an unsatisfactory method of improving
      response in this trial.

PMID- 4061375
TI  - Human alpha-lymphoblastoid interferon. A phase I study including pharmacokinetics
      and effects on hematologic stem cells (CFU-GMs).
AB  - Human alpha lymphoblastoid interferon (Wellferon) was administered to 33 patients
      in a phase I study. Patients received Wellferon intramuscularly every 12 hours
      for 14 doses in nine dosage levels ranging from 0.75 X 10(6) units to 50.0 X
      10(6) units. Toxicity tended to be dose dependent and included fever/chills,
      malaise, hematologic toxicity, and digestive tract toxicity. Thirty X 10(6) u q
      12 h was felt to be the maximum tolerated dose. Three partial responses (renal
      cell carcinoma, diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease) were achieved.
      Interferon rapidly (2 to 3 hours after the initial injection) reached peak serum
      levels which varied generally with dose and exceeded 500 u/ml at the 30 and 50 X
      10(6) u dosages. Multiple doses of interferon resulted in cumulative peak levels
      substantially higher than first dose levels (greater than 500 u/ml at dosages
      greater than 3 X 10(6) u/ml and greater than 1,500 u/ml at dosages greater than
      or equal to 18 X 10(6) u). Interferon given at high dosages persisted up to 10
      days beyond the final injection. Despite hematologic toxicity, inhibition of CFU
      GM was not seen.

PMID- 4061376
TI  - Chemotherapeutic toxicity--the relationship between patients' pretreatment
      expectations and posttreatment results.
AB  - Patients receiving the same cancer chemotherapy regimens exhibit a highly
      variable incidence of toxic side effects. We studied 56 patients about to receive
      chemotherapy for the first time to determine whether their expectations of
      individual side effects were associated with the frequency and severity of the
      toxicity that they subsequently experienced. Patients completed a self-report
      questionnaire containing a list of 16 potential toxicities, asking them to
      indicate how certain they were of experiencing or not experiencing each. Prior to
      their third treatment, patients again completed a self-report scale indicating
      the incidence and severity of each side effect experienced. The frequency of
      actual side effects was much greater than patients anticipated. The most commonly
      reported side effects were tiredness, changes in appetite or taste, nervousness,
      and nausea. Patients' expectations failed to predict the occurrence or severity
      of the experience of common side effects. Anxiety levels and meaning attributed
      to side effects also were not associated with side effects experienced. Although
      psychological factors may play a role, it is likely that unique physiologic
      parameters account primarily for the variable and unpredictable relationship
      between chemotherapeutic agents and the side effects they induce.

PMID- 4061377
TI  - Dexamethasone vs. placebo for cisplatin-induced emesis. A randomized cross-over
      trial.
AB  - A randomized cross-over trial of dexamethasone (10 mg I.V. before therapy, and 4
      mg I.V. q 4 h X 6 doses) vs. placebo as antiemetic therapy was conducted in 19
      patients receiving high-dose cisplatin. Sixteen patients and 32 treatment courses
      were fully evaluable. There was no significant difference between regimens in the
      number of emesis-free patients or the number of emetic episodes, though the
      duration of nausea symptoms may have been reduced. We conclude that dexamethasone
      as used in our trial is not an effective antiemetic in patients receiving
      cisplatin.

PMID- 4061378
TI  - Phase I and pharmacologic study of 72-hour infused 5-fluorouracil in man.
AB  - The relationships between the administered dose, clearance, and the toxicity
      spectrum of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administered as 72-hour constant infusion have
      been studied in 21 patients with advanced cancer. This was done as a pilot study
      for possible future combination using 5-FU as a radiosensitizer. Individual
      patients tolerated up to 65 mg/kg/24 hours, but serious toxicity appeared once as
      low as 35 mg/kg. Limiting toxicity proved to be "mixed" with upper intestinal
      symptoms (nausea and vomiting), stomatitis, and central nervous system signs all
      occurring in various patients. Central nervous system effects (both cerebellar
      and vomiting) proved as troublesome as stomatitis. There was only a general link
      between the administered dose and the subsequent toxicity grade, but a reasonably
      quantitative relationship emerged when the serum 5-Fu levels obtained and the
      degree of patient toxicity were compared. The clearance of 5-FU was confirmed to
      be nonlinear over the entire dose range studied (25-65 mg/kg/24 hours),
      consistent with a two-compartment model of drug metabolism. One compartment
      appears to be systemic (extra-hepatic) metabolism (probably anabolic removal)
      which is saturated at just below 15 mg/kg/day. Doses above that level lead to
      drug accumulation. No steady state was reached, contrary to previous reports. At
      the higher infusion rates, clearance progressively approaches that predicted by
      the assumption that the second compartment is splanchnic blood flow and
      catabolism. While 5-FU can be administered as a 72-hour infusion as one possible
      schedule for use as a single agent or for combined modality studies, CNS effects
      are quite troublesome in comparison to longer infusions to toxicity.

PMID- 4061379
TI  - Pulmonary irradiation for Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS.
AB  - A 26-year-old-old male patient with aids (acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
      and diffuse Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) infiltration of both lungs received bilateral
      pulmonary irradiation. The patient received 1,600 rad in 10 treatments to the
      left lung, followed by a 2-week rest period, followed by 1,800 rad in 10
      treatments to the right lung. He tolerated the treatments quite well, and
      demonstrated symptomatic improvement as well as radiographic improvement. This
      demonstrates both subjective and objective radioresponsiveness of Kaposi's
      Sarcoma in AIDS patients, and may be utilized as a consideration for palliative
      treatment of other patients with AIDS and KS.

PMID- 4061380
TI  - Mucosal pseudolipomatosis of the colon.
AB  - Twenty-four cases of a lesion characterized by unlined spaces in the colorectal
      lamina propria are presented. While lesions such as this have been reported
      previously as "lipomatosis" of the colon, histochemical and ultrastructural
      examination reveals that they are not, in fact, composed of adipocytes. It
      appears that they may be composed of gas trapped in the lamina propria. Because
      of their gross and microscopical similarity to fat, however, the term
      "pseudolipomatosis" is proposed.

PMID- 4061381
TI  - Gastrin-releasing peptide-like immunoreactivity in medullary thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - Gastrin-releasing peptide, the mammalian counterpart of amphibian bombesin, has
      been found to be present in high concentration by radioimmunoassay in eight
      histologically confirmed medullary thyroid carcinomas and to be undetectable in
      postmortem normal thyroid tissue. Chromatographic analysis of the tumor extracts
      by gel permeation revealed two major peaks of gastrin-releasing peptide-like
      immunoreactivity (GRP-LI). However, reverse-phase high-pressure liquid
      chromatography demonstrated three immunoreactive peaks of GRP-LI. None of these
      immunoreactive peaks was coeluted with synthetic porcine GRP or amphibian
      bombesin, but one of the peaks exactly emerged in the position of neuromedin C (C
      terminal decapeptide of GRP). Sections from nine primary or secondary tumours
      were immunostained for GRP using a peroxidase/anti-peroxidase technic. All the
      medullary thyroid carcinomas were shown to contain GRP-LI, specifically localized
      to the tumor cells. This immunoreactivity is elevated in plasma from some
      patients with this malignancy, raising the possibility that it may be used as an
      additional tumor marker.

PMID- 4061382
TI  - Granulomatous inflammation in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - Granulomas were found in 16 biopsied specimens from eight patients with the
      acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), a disease characterized by a profound
      suppression of the T-cell arm of immunity. The pathogens were Mycobacterium avium
      intracellulare (1), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (3), Histoplasma capsulatum (2),
      Candida albicans (1), and unidentified in one patient. The sites of granuloma
      formation included the lung in two, the pleura in one, the liver in three, the
      bone marrow in six, the skin in one, and the lymph node in three cases. The
      granulomas were epithelioid in nature, with aggregates of epithelioid histiocytes
      and macrophages. They were by and large small and loosely formed, with minimal or
      absent lymphocytic cuffing. Although it is a well-recognized concept that T-cell
      and macrophage interaction plays an important role in the granulomatous
      inflammatory response, granulomas have been produced in experimental animals
      independent of cell-mediated immune mechanisms. Granuloma formation in AIDS
      patients may well represent a clinical example of such a phenomenon.

PMID- 4061383
TI  - Ultrastructural markers in circulating lymphocytes of subjects at risk for AIDS.
AB  - One hundred random lymphocytes in each of 168 buffy coat preparations from 59
      subjects at risk for AIDS (50 homosexuals, 7 hemophiliacs, and 2 combined, all
      with T4:T8 ratios of less than or equal to 1.2) were screened for the presence of
      ultrastructural markers, "tubuloreticular structures" (TRS), and "test tube and
      ring-shaped forms" (TRF). Twenty-six (44%) of the subjects were TRS positive (71
      specimens) and 12 (20%) were TRS/TRF positive (34 specimens). TRF were only
      observed in TRS-positive specimens. There was an inverse relationship between the
      incidence and abundance of markers and the T4:T8 ratios, i.e., mean T4:T8 +/- SE
      for TRS-negative, TRS-positive, and TRS/TRF-positive subjects were 0.59 +/- 0.05,
      0.42 +/- 0.05, and 0.19 +/- 0.06, respectively. Markers were present for as long
      as 16 months before AIDS was diagnosed in four subjects and before the appearance
      of features suggestive of AIDS in two others. The assessment of TEM markers in
      peripheral blood lymphocytes is a simple method for screening at-risk subjects in
      whom AIDS is likely to develop.

PMID- 4061384
TI  - Phenotypic characterization of lymphocyte subsets in mycosis fungoides.
      Comparison with large plaque parapsoriasis and benign chronic dermatoses.
AB  - Altogether, 209 skin biopsies from 103 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF),
      large plaque parapsoriasis (LPP), and benign chronic dermatoses (BCD) have been
      examined immunohistologically with the use of a panel of 21 monoclonal antibodies
      against lymphoid cells and their subsets. All the infiltrates contained a mixture
      of T-lymphocytes, Langerhans cells, and other types of HLA-DR-positive dermal
      macrophages. The neoplastic T-cells in MF lesions expressed proliferation
      (transferrin receptor) and activation-(the OKT10 antigen) associated markers more
      frequently than the T-cells in LPP and BCD. In other respects, the neoplastic T
      cells in plaque lesions of MF resembled those seen in LPP and BCD; and most of
      these cases demonstrated a clear predominance of T-cells of helper/inducer type.
      The neoplastic T-cells in tumor lesions of MF were much more heterogeneous in
      phenotype. Only eight of these cases could be classified as T-helper neoplasms.
      In the remaining ten tumor cases, the neoplastic cells expressed either
      suppressor/cytotoxic or aberrant T-cell phenotypes. There were no phenotypic
      differences between the "classical" tumor stages and MF d'emblee cases. The data
      indicate that the early lesions of MF show an immunohistologic reaction pattern
      common to many immune responses of the skin and that the neoplastic cells in the
      advanced stages are more heterogeneous in phenotype than previously recognized.

PMID- 4061386
TI  - Automatic prediction of platelet utilization by time series analysis in a large
      tertiary care hospital.
AB  - The authors investigated the potential of various time series models to aid in
      the prediction of platelet utilization patterns at the authors' institution.
      During a seven-week feasibility study, prediction accuracy of time series models
      was slightly inferior to that of an experienced platelet transfusion coordinator.
      The models that adjusted for day-of-the-week variability were superior to simpler
      models in a prospective evaluation over a three-month period. Conversion to a
      time series model for platelet utilization prediction has resulted in significant
      savings in personnel costs for management of platelet concentrate inventory in
      the blood bank. Outdate rates have been lower than those achieved by the platelet
      transfusion coordinator, with no sacrifice in availability occurring during the
      evaluation period.

PMID- 4061385
TI  - Evaluation of Coulter S-Plus three-part differential in population with a high
      prevalence of abnormalities.
AB  - The authors evaluated the Coulter S-Plus three-part differential and compared it
      with the total of component cells obtained by manual slide differential. The
      patient population (N = 989) was strikingly abnormal, in that 109 samples
      contained nucleated red blood cells, 118 samples contained one or more abnormal
      cells (blasts, promyelocytes, or lymphoma cells), and 95 samples had greater than
      10% monocytes. The GRAN and LYMPH fractions were accurately measured in the
      specimens that did not display region (R) flags. The MONO fraction correlated
      poorly with the manual differential and underestimated monocytes when they were
      increased. Not all samples with small numbers of abnormal cells or nucleated red
      blood cells were flagged by the three-part differential. Specimens with
      eosinophilia and reactive lymphocytosis likewise did not always show R-flags. The
      following findings (prevalence = 23.9%) were arbitrarily defined to constitute an
      "abnormal" manual differential: nrbc greater than 0%, blasts greater than 0%,
      promyel greater than 0%, lymphoma cells greater than 0%, baso greater than 5%,
      myel greater than 5%, meta greater than 5%, eos greater than 10%, reactive lymphs
      greater than 10%. Sensitivity of R-flagging for these abnormalities was 81.7% and
      specificity 73.3%. The predictive value of an R-flagged ("positive") result was
      48.3% and of an unflagged ("negative") result, 93.0%. Efficiency (accuracy) was
      calculated to be 75.5%.

PMID- 4061387
TI  - Evaluation of a positive autologous control in pretransfusion testing.
AB  - The clinical usefulness of autologous control (AC) in pretransfusion testing was
      evaluated. The records of 515 blood samples with positive direct antiglobulin
      tests detected by positive AC were reviewed. This represents 3.5% of 14,548
      pretransfusion samples tested during a one-year period. One hundred ninety-four
      of 515 samples required further elution studies, and the results were 114
      nonreactive, 18 autoantibodies, 52 ABO isoagglutinins, 5 transfusion-induced
      alloantibodies, and 5 unidentifiable antibodies. All alloantibodies also were
      detected in the serum. Therefore, AC and the elution results provided no further
      information in selecting blood for compatibility testing. By reviewing the
      patients' records, the authors determined that, only in five cases, the report of
      positive AC and elution results changed diagnosis or therapeutic course. The
      information of positive AC rarely was used in either assuring compatibility of
      blood or management of the patients clinically.

PMID- 4061388
TI  - The automicrobic system for detection of bacteriuria. Efficacy of revised urine
      identification cards.
AB  - The results of clinical urine specimens tested in the Vitek AutoMicrobic System
      (AMS) using two different urine identification (UID) cards were compared with the
      results obtained by a quantitative culture method. AMS injector UID card results
      were evaluated with the use of 1,136 consecutive clinical specimens collected
      March 4 to May 23, 1983. Revised AMS UID cards were used to test 1,634 clinical
      specimens from November 8, 1983, to March 2, 1984. The revised UID card was less
      sensitive, more specific, had a greater predictive value for positive results,
      and had greater accuracy than the injector UID card in detecting organisms in
      urine. The revised urine card accurately quantified organisms in 90.1% of
      specimens versus 85.1% in injector cards. The revised card was superior in the
      predictive value of positive identification of urinary pathogens. Ninety percent
      of all organisms were identified within nine hours with either card. Improved
      accuracy of the revised cards makes it practical to electronically report
      automated urine screening results (detection, quantitation, and preliminary
      identification of urinary pathogens) by interfacing the AMS with hospital
      information systems.

PMID- 4061389
TI  - Acute changes in iron metabolism following myocardial infarction.
AB  - Fifty six patients admitted consecutively to the coronary care unit with ischemic
      chest pain participated in a controlled prospective study of acute changes in
      iron metabolism. Following myocardial infarction there were significant
      reductions of plasma iron by 8.1 mumol/L (P = 0.002), total iron binding capacity
      by 12.9 mumol/L (P = 0.003), and plasma transferrin by 0.70 g/L (P = 0.007). In
      contrast, there was a significant elevation of serum ferritin by 218 micrograms/L
      (P = 0.0005). The magnitude and duration of these acute changes in iron
      metabolism was greater in patients with higher peak serum creating kinase levels,
      suggesting that these changes are influenced by the extent of tissue necrosis.
      Comparison with the control group showed that alteration in dietary iron intake
      was not a significant factor. The possible mechanisms of these acute changes and
      their similarity to those observed in the anemia of chronic disease are
      discussed.

PMID- 4061390
TI  - Prediction of carrier status in Duchenne dystrophy by creatine kinase
      measurement.
AB  - Serum creatine kinase (CK) was measured in 515 healthy white women and 28
      obligate carriers for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. There was substantial overlap
      between the control and carrier populations. To analyze the impact of the degree
      of overlap, the predictive value of a CK result was determined by (1) using
      sensitivity and specificity analysis, which assumes dichotomization into a
      positive or negative result based on a particular cut-off value; and (2) using
      likelihood ratio analysis, which evaluates an individual result based on the
      continuum observed for control and carrier populations. There was no clinically
      important difference whether an observed 57% or a hypothetical 33% overlap
      between control and carrier results was used. Because of the substantial overlap,
      the CK test utility is limited to those suspected carriers whose results fall
      above the healthy population interval. A low CK result does not provide
      sufficient assurance of noncarrier status.

PMID- 4061391
TI  - Characterization of creatinine error in ketotic patients. A prospective
      comparison of alkaline picrate methods with an enzymatic method.
AB  - Creatinine measurement by alkaline picrate reagents is subject to positive
      interference by acetoacetate. Enzymatic reagents avoid this interference and have
      been adapted to instruments such as the Ektachem-400 (Kodak). By documenting the
      discrepancy between alkaline picrate and Ektachem determinations for creatinine,
      the authors prospectively identified ketotic patients in whom the presence of
      ketones was responsible for a significant creatinine error. During their three
      month survey, they identified 50 such ketotic inpatients. Those admitted to the
      medicine service represented almost 5% of all medicine admissions over this time.
      Of the total specimens, the mean discrepancy was 14 +/- 8 mg/L with a range of 4
      44 mg/L. The greater the ketosis, the greater the discrepancy. Two-thirds of the
      samples were normal on the Ektachem but greater than normal by picrate methods.
      In addition to diabetes or ethanol abuse, 17% of the ketotic patients had severe
      or terminal illness that was generally associated with malnutrition.

PMID- 4061392
TI  - Diagnostic value of bone marrow examination in isolated thrombocytopenia.
AB  - Bone marrow examination often is performed to assess isolated thrombocytopenia. A
      three-year retrospective study demonstrates that bone marrow aspiration in
      isolated thrombocytopenia predictably shows megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia.
      Little additional information is obtained by bone marrow examination that cannot
      be determined by noninvasive tests. In this series, the Jamshidi biopsy did not
      add significant information to that obtained from the aspirate. The authors
      conclude that bone marrow examination is not necessary in patients with isolated
      thrombocytopenia. In acute care hospital patients, the cause of the
      thrombocytopenia usually is apparent from the clinical history, and bone marrow
      examination is necessary infrequently.

PMID- 4061393
TI  - Vitamin B12, folate, and iron studies in homozygous beta thalassemia.
AB  - The efficacy of serum folate (SF), red blood cell folate (RCF), and serum B12 in
      diagnosing folate and B12 deficiency, and the effect of iron overload on
      hemoglobin, were studied in 157 cases of homozygous beta thalassemia (HBT). The
      patients had lower SF compared with normal subjects (NS) (P less than 0.001) and
      higher RCF than their parents (P less than 0.001) and NS (P less than 0.001).
      Forty percent of patients had both low SF (less than 3 ng/mL) and high RCF
      (greater than 600 ng/mL). Homozygous beta thalassemia patients are known to have
      folate deficiency. Yet, both folate and B12 deficiency status were similar in the
      authors' patients and NS. These deficiencies apparently were less in patients
      compared with their parents, who shared the same nutritional milieu (P less than
      0.001). Mean hemoglobin in patients with iron overload (transferrin saturation,
      TS greater than 50%) was lower than in those without (P less than 0.005). The
      following is concluded: (1) diagnosis of folate and B12 deficiency based on SF,
      RCF and serum B12 is vitiated in HBT and needs a therapeutic trial; (2) iron
      overload of a magnitude indicated by TS greater than 50% can aggravate anemia in
      HBT.

PMID- 4061394
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography in the diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies and
      thalassemias. Report of three cases.
AB  - High-performance liquid chromatography is a technic that has recently been
      applied to the diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias. Its advantages
      over other methods include increased sensitivity, resolution and simplicity, as
      well as speed. In this report, the authors present an HPLC procedure that uses a
      weak cation exchange column and a gradient elution system for the diagnosis of
      hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias. The authors illustrate the utility of this
      procedure by reporting three cases in which the technic enabled them to make the
      correct diagnosis, which by traditional methods would have been missed or
      equivocal.

PMID- 4061395
TI  - Melanin inclusions in the peripheral blood leukocytes of a patient with malignant
      melanoma.
AB  - Dark pigmented inclusions were found in the monocytes and polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes of a patient with widely metastatic malignant melanoma. Special stains
      demonstrated the granules were composed of melanin. The authors are not aware of
      any previous case report of patients with metastatic malignant melanoma that had
      leukocytic melanin inclusions. Prospective search for this phenomenon in
      malignant melanoma patients may allow such a finding to be used as a diagnostic
      tool.

PMID- 4061396
TI  - Breaking pains and arthralgias!

PMID- 4061397
TI  - Low-dose oral clonidine.

PMID- 4061398
TI  - Theophylline dosage in The Harriet Lane Handbook.

PMID- 4061399
TI  - Hallucinations after penicillin injection.

PMID- 4061401
TI  - Infants with caloric-deprivation failure to thrive.

PMID- 4061400
TI  - Seizures after penicillin administration.

PMID- 4061403
TI  - If it's Tuesday, this must be Bethesda: peer review and pediatric neurology
      research.

PMID- 4061402
TI  - Use of third-generation cephalosporins for treatment of neonatal infections.

PMID- 4061404
TI  - Spastic paraparesis, mental retardation, and cutaneous pigmentation disorder. A
      new syndrome.
AB  - Four siblings in a family with a highly consanguineous background presented with
      an unusual combination of spastic paraparesis, muscle wasting, microcephaly,
      mental retardation, skeletal deformities, and cutaneous manifestations, ie,
      hypopigmented and hyperpigmented lesions and graying of the hair. An extensive
      workup including electromyography, muscle biopsy, and chromosomal analysis was
      unrewarding. An autosomal recessive inheritance is probable. A similar entity was
      recently reported from israel. The possibility that this previously unrecognized
      condition represents a new syndrome is suggested.

PMID- 4061405
TI  - Serum cotinine as a measure of tobacco smoke exposure in children.
AB  - To document passive smoke exposure, we measured concentrations of serum cotinine,
      a major metabolite of nicotine, in 38 young children and compared the results
      with the smoking histories of home residents. Cotinine was detected in 26
      children (68%), of which ten had no household exposure according to a
      questionnaire. The serum cotinine concentration was significantly elevated in
      blacks compared with whites after controlling for the number of smokers in the
      home. After stratifying by race, there was a significant direct correlation
      between the serum cotinine concentration and the number of smokers in the home,
      the amount smoked by the mother, and the amount smoked by others in the home. We
      conclude that the serum cotinine concentration is a useful indicator of the
      actual exposure of young children to tobacco smoke and that unexplained racial
      differences in cotinine levels exist.

PMID- 4061406
TI  - The educational, vocational, and marital status of growth hormone-deficient
      adults treated with growth hormone during childhood.
AB  - The goal of growth hormone therapy in childhood is to increase stature, thereby
      facilitating normal psychosocial development. To determine the social outcome of
      patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD), we interviewed 116 adults with GHD
      across Canada, including 86 men and 30 women 18 to 38 years of age who were
      treated with growth hormone during childhood. The education of the 96 patients
      who had completed their formal education was similar to their siblings and to the
      general population. Of the patients in the labor force, 35.4% were unemployed;
      the unemployment rates for those patients less than 25 years of age and those 25
      years of age or older were 45% and 23%, respectively, compared with national
      rates of 21.2% and 9.4% for the same age groups, respectively. Of the 90 patients
      with GHD who were not attending school, 70 lived with their parents or relatives.
      Only 15 patients were married; one was divorced. The percentage of patients with
      GHD who were married was less than 30% of the expected age-adjusted rate. No
      difference in the rate of employment or marriage was found between the patients
      with idiopathic isolated GHD and organic hypopituitarism. In summary, the
      achievements of patients with GHD seem to be normal in the education system, but
      the rate of employment and marriage are much lower than expected. This poor
      outcome was unrelated to the response to growth hormone therapy and emphasizes
      the need to develop strategies that lead to more satisfactory psychosocial
      integration of patients with GHD in adult life.

PMID- 4061407
TI  - Intracranial hemorrhage in children with sickle cell disease.
AB  - We treated two children with sickle cell disease and intracranial hemorrhage. The
      incidence of intracranial hemorrhage is increased in sickle cell disease,
      although not as markedly as that of cerebral infarction. Intracranial hemorrhage
      has a higher mortality, a lower rate of permanent neurologic impairment, and
      occurs more often in older patients than does cerebral infarction. Intracranial
      hemorrhage in adults is likely to be an intracerebral hemorrhage or a
      subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to an aneurysm. Children, however, are more
      likely to have subarachnoid hemorrhage without an identifiable aneurysm. We
      hypothesize that both hemorrhages and infarcts are due to large-vessel cerebral
      vasculopathy secondary to the abnormal rheologic features of sickled cells.

PMID- 4061408
TI  - Cat-scratch disease. An overview based on a study of 1,200 patients.
AB  - This study by one individual of 1,200 patients with cat-scratch disease provides
      a heretofore unavailable realistic evaluation of a common infectious disease. All
      patients had lymphadenopathy, a prerequisite for diagnosis. Suppuration occurred
      in 11.8% of patients. Cat contact was established for 99.1%, and the cat was
      immature in the vast majority. An inoculation site, the most neglected feature in
      the study of the patients, was detected in 92.6%. The results of a skin test,
      considered as specific as the standard tuberculin test and to be safe but not
      standardized, was positive in 99%. The 12 patients with negative skin tests
      probably were tested too early in the course of the disease to have developed
      reactivity. Skin tests of 578 family members of patients, who served as controls,
      gave positive results in 18.5%. Of 60 patients with unusual manifestations, 48
      had the oculoglandular syndrome of Parinaud. Other manifestations included
      erythema nodosum, encephalopathy, osteolytic lesions, thrombocytopenic purpura,
      and erythema marginatum. Most patients in this series had received antibiotics of
      many types during the course of the disease. None appeared beneficial. The
      disease is benign in character in a majority of patients. Surgical removal of
      involved lymph nodes or biopsy of lymph nodes or inoculation sites is not
      necessary for diagnosis or management. A survey of hospitals in the United States
      discharging more than 750 pediatric patients annually indicates that cat-scratch
      disease is a problem in all sections of the country.

PMID- 4061409
TI  - Radiological case of the month: Play-Doh in the gastrointestinal tract: modify
      'CHIP' to 'CHIPPED'.

PMID- 4061410
TI  - Picture of the month. Varicella Gangrenosum.

PMID- 4061411
TI  - Child abuse reporting.

PMID- 4061412
TI  - Infants born to women with Chlamydia trachomatis infection.

PMID- 4061413
TI  - Aplasia cutis congenita and lymphangiectasia.

PMID- 4061414
TI  - Isosexual precocious puberty.

PMID- 4061415
TI  - Bloom's syndrome.

PMID- 4061416
TI  - Death in asthma.

PMID- 4061417
TI  - Persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism in infants fed humanized cow milk
      formula.

PMID- 4061418
TI  - Updating a diagnosis. The EEC/EECUT syndrome.

PMID- 4061419
TI  - Pedestrian injury. The next motor vehicle injury challenge.
AB  - Motor vehicle injuries are the leading causes of death and disability in
      childhood after age 1 year. Educational efforts by physicians and public policy
      have focused on the protection of motor vehicle occupants. However, fatal
      pedestrian injuries are more common than fatal occupant injuries in preschool and
      school-aged children. The importance of pedestrian injury as a cause of early
      childhood morbidity and mortality is likely to become even clearer in the coming
      years as passenger injury rates decline. Existing patterns and trends in
      pedestrian injury statistics are poorly understood. The development of effective
      strategies for injury prevention requires greater understanding of how and why
      pedestrian injuries occur. Improved knowledge is needed that concerns the roles
      of environmental, psychosocial, medical, and behavioral factors in child
      pedestrian injury. Multidisciplinary accident investigation, which involves
      physicians, traffic engineers, psychologists, and social scientists, is most
      likely to provide the information needed to develop candidate educational and
      environmental strategies for study. Prevention of child pedestrian injury is a
      challenge that has not yet been addressed by pediatricians or policymakers.
      Pediatricians can promote and direct a national focus on this area that has been
      understudied by researchers, public health officials, and policymakers.

PMID- 4061420
TI  - Urinary tract involvement in EEC syndrome.
AB  - A patient with fully expressed, sporadic ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and
      cleft lip and/or palate (EEC) syndrome with renal involvement is presented;
      descriptions of four similar patients were found in the literature. Based on
      these patients, we suggest that the renal involvement is a form of dysplasia
      secondary to fetal urinary tract obstruction. We emphasize the importance of
      searching for a urinary tract anomaly in patients with this uncommon syndrome.

PMID- 4061421
TI  - The epidemiology and treatment of radial head subluxation.
AB  - The incidence and treatment of radial head subluxation were evaluated in
      emergency room and private office settings. Factors associated with recurrence
      and with successful reduction were identified, and ways to prevent this common
      injury were sought. Of 54 reductions during which a click was either felt or
      heard, all but one reduction resulted in reuse of the arm within 30 minutes. Of
      13 reductions in which a click was neither felt nor heard, only four reductions
      resulted in reuse of the arm within 30 minutes. A supination maneuver resulted in
      reuse of the arm within 30 minutes in all 27 patients seen two or more hours
      after injury vs 85% (34/40) of patients seen less than two hours after injury.
      Remanipulation 12 to 106 hours later resulted in reuse of the arm in all those
      children who had failed to respond to previous treatment.

PMID- 4061422
TI  - Prediction of growth and development in intensive care nursery graduates at 12
      months of age.
AB  - Although many perinatal events have been linked with the outcome status of
      neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) graduates, few studies have evaluated the
      cumulative longitudinal prediction of outcome. This study followed up 65 term and
      139 premature NICU graduates to 12 months' chronologic age. Variables that were
      utilized in predicting 12-month growth and the neurologic and developmental
      outcome were maternal and neonatal medical factors, prior growth measurements,
      and neonatal behavior, which was measured with the Brazelton Scale for term
      infants and with a modified version for premature infants. The neurologic status
      was normal in 141 (71.9%) of 204 infants. The average Bayley Scale Mental
      Developmental Index was 112.7, and the average Psychomotor Developmental Index
      was 97.5, which was corrected for early gestation. Predictions of 12-month
      neurologic and developmental status were weak and had been derived only by
      variables from the neonatal behavioral examination; endurance predicted
      neurologic status and the motor cluster predicted cognitive and motor
      development. The prediction of growth at 12 months was high and was derived from
      prior growth parameters. Thus, although predictions of neurodevelopmental status
      at 12 months' chronologic age were low, the variables that aided in predicting
      were from the neonatal behavioral evaluation. This finding provides support for
      recommending that the functional status of the NICU graduate as well as the more
      traditional list of perinatal problems be considered when contemplating the
      infants' short-term outcome.

PMID- 4061423
TI  - Separation of the distal humeral epiphysis in the neonate. A combined clinical
      and roentgenographic diagnosis.
AB  - Separation of the distal humeral epiphysis in the neonate or young child can be
      diagnosed confidently by combining roentgenographic and clinical information.
      Such diagnosis is critical, as two abnormalities included in the differential
      diagnosis--irreducible elbow dislocation and fracture to the lateral humeral
      condyle--often require open reduction, unlike distal humeral epiphyseal
      separation, which can be treated conservatively. We describe two patients and
      review the pertinent literature.

PMID- 4061424
TI  - Teaching fundamentals in group and interpersonal relations. An intervention
      designed to enhance resident learning and productivity and the quality of work
      life.

PMID- 4061426
TI  - Radiological case of the month. Wet lung syndrome (transient tachypnea of the
      newborn).

PMID- 4061425
TI  - Frequency and clinical progression of the vitamin E deficiency neurologic
      disorder in children with prolonged neonatal cholestasis.
AB  - To determine the frequency of biochemical vitamin E deficiency and of the
      clinical signs of the vitamin E deficiency neurologic syndrome in children with
      prolonged neonatal cholestatic disorders, we studied 46 children (aged 1 month to
      17.0 years) with chronic forms of intrahepatic neonatal cholestasis and 47
      children (aged 4 months to 8.0 years) with extrahepatic biliary atresia. Based on
      serum vitamin E concentrations and the ratios of serum vitamin E concentration to
      total serum lipid concentration, 64% of the intrahepatic and 77% of the
      extrahepatic cholestasis groups were vitamin E deficient. Prior to age 1 year,
      neurologic function was normal in all children. Between ages 1 and 3 years,
      neurologic abnormalities were present in approximately 50% of the vitamin E
      deficient children; after age 3 years, neurologic abnormalities were present in
      all vitamin E-deficient children. Areflexia was the first abnormality to develop
      between ages 1 and 4 years; truncal and limb ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, and
      ophthalmoplegia developed between ages 3 and 6 years. Neurologic dysfunction
      progressed to a disabling combination of findings by ages 8 to 10 years in the
      majority of vitamin E-deficient children. Neurologic function was normal in the
      vitamin E-sufficient children. We conclude that vitamin E status should be
      evaluated in infants in whom cholestasis is diagnosed, and effective therapy
      should be initiated to prevent or treat vitamin E deficiency at an early age.

PMID- 4061427
TI  - The 20 percent question and some possible solutions.
AB  - There is presently in wide use throughout the United States an assumption that
      alcohol treatment programs should be geared toward handling 20% of the alcohol
      problem prevalence population. This 20% figure has become so widely accepted that
      it is now almost axiomatic. The most frequently offered reason for its use is
      that "many other states use it." The present discussion raises questions about
      the foundations upon which the 20% assumption is based. It then describes recent
      efforts to seek solutions to these and related questions.

PMID- 4061428
TI  - Adolescent marijuana and alcohol use: the role of parents and peers revisited.
AB  - The present study focuses on the role of deviant peers, parent child-rearing
      practices, and parent alcohol use in the initiation of marijuana and alcohol use
      during adolescence. Composite measures of Deviant Peers and Parental Monitoring
      were used that incorporate both the parents' and child's report of these
      variables as well as the parents' report of their own alcohol use and the
      adolescent's report of marijuana and alcohol use. Multiple regression analyses
      incorporating Parental Monitoring, Mother Alcohol Use, and Deviant Peers as
      independent variables revealed significant standardized b coefficients for
      Deviant Peers predicting alcohol use, and both Parental Monitoring and Deviant
      Peers predicting marijuana use. A profile analysis showed that delinquent drug
      users had lower parental monitoring and more deviant peers than nondelinquent
      drug users or abstainers. However, a group of youngsters were identified who
      reported some substance use but were not antisocial; these youngsters resembled
      abstainers in respect to the degree that they were monitored by parents and
      exposed to deviant peers. Taking these results into consideration, along with
      longitudinal studies on adolescent delinquency and adult alcoholism, it is
      hypothesized that adolescent delinquency and drug use are outcomes of disrupted
      family processes and exposure to deviant peers, and that adolescents who are both
      antisocial and use drugs may be at higher risk for eventual substance abuse.

PMID- 4061429
TI  - Performance on the Rod and Frame Test for men at elevated risk for alcoholism and
      controls: a pilot study.
AB  - Performance scores on the portable Rod and Frame Test were not different for
      eight pairs of young men with and without an alcoholic close relative. Retesting
      both groups following placebo, 0.75, or 1.1 mL/kg of ethanol also revealed no
      significant group differences on this measure.

PMID- 4061430
TI  - Vietnam military service and marijuana use.
AB  - The effect of military service in Vietnam on drug use among veterans is examined
      on the basis of data obtained from a nationwide random sample of 2,510 young men.
      It is generally believed that illicit drug use was more extensive in Vietnam in
      the 1970s than in earlier years of the conflict. Therefore variables were
      constructed to reflect location of service (United States; overseas, but not
      Vietnam; and Vietnam) and the time of service (before 1970; 1970 or later). The
      results of the analysis indicate that: military service in Vietnam had no
      significant effect on marijuana use while on active duty, service in 1970 or
      later had a significant positive effect on during service use while in the
      service, and location of military service and time of service had a significant
      interactive effect on rates of marijuana use after discharge from military
      service. The interaction of service in Vietnam and military service after 1970
      has the strongest effect on the veteran's marijuana use in civilian life.

PMID- 4061431
TI  - Effects of outpatient treatment for problem drinkers.
AB  - This study was designed to investigate the effects of treatment length
      restriction and follow-up interview style on the outcomes of male alcohol abusers
      in out-patient treatment. Subjects (N = 48) were randomly assigned to one of four
      independent groups based on the factorial combination of the two independent
      variables. Extensive pretreatment data were collected about subjects' drinking
      and related behaviors, and subjects were then scheduled for monthly interviews.
      Subjects were interviewed for 18 months postadmission concerning these same
      factors. Subjects' self-reports were compared with collateral reports, official
      records, and breath tests. Outcome results showed no effects of follow-up
      interview style or treatment length restriction on drinking behavior and
      employment outcomes. However, subjects' drinking behavior postadmission was
      considerably improved compared to their pretreatment ethanol consumption.
      Temporal analyses of the drinking behavior data showed that it was possible to
      predict drinking behavior, especially of the same type, within pretreatment and
      postadmission intervals. However, it was not possible to predict postadmission
      drinking from pretreatment drinking. Treatment implications of the findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 4061432
TI  - Offspring born to methadone-maintained women.

PMID- 4061433
TI  - Prevalence of polydrug use among alcoholic soldiers.
AB  - A survey was conducted to determine the extent of polydrug abuse among a
      population of alcoholics hospitalized in a military treatment program. It was
      discovered that approximately 21% of patients had no drug exposure other than
      alcohol, and 48% revealed a history of drug use more extensive then
      experimentation. Results further indicate that polydrug use was greatest among
      this population during the Vietnam era (1963 to 1972) and again during the year
      preceding their referral for treatment. Finally, a significant difference in age
      was found when comparing nonusers to users, and when comparing
      experimental/nonusers to all other users. This age difference places the low and
      nonuse groups as achieving their eighteenth birthday significantly before the mid
      sixties and users afterwards, supporting the notion of a "drug accepting" versus
      "drug rejecting" generational difference.

PMID- 4061434
TI  - Alcoholism and methadone treatment: consequences for the patient and program.
AB  - The data on alcoholism presented in this paper were extracted from a major follow
      up study of active and discharged methadone patients conducted from 1974 through
      1977 in New York City. Alcoholism is a factor in 26% of the terminations from
      methadone treatment. It is also the leading cause of death in treatment and the
      second leading cause of death, following complications with opiates, in the post
      treatment Also, patients with episodes of excessive drinking have markedly lower
      survival rates over a 10-year period when compared to patients who are social or
      moderate drinkers.

PMID- 4061436
TI  - A cognitive typology of alcoholism: implications for treatment outcome.
AB  - The present study related patterns of alcohol-related cognitive deficits to the
      adjustment of the alcoholic at 2-year posttreatment follow-up. Patterns of
      cognitive control, based on the extent to which the individual utilized
      information concerning contemplated action (i.e., internal scanning), were
      studied within a sample of 42 male alcoholics shortly after the beginning of
      treatment. Adjustment scores at 2-year follow-up were determined by the subject's
      level of functioning in a variety of life-functioning domains (based on phone
      interviews with subjects and collateral sources). More effective internal
      scanning proved to be predictive of better adjustment 2 years following the
      assessment. In addition, alcoholics less aware of internal cues, defined as
      narrow internal scanners, more often reported drinking to reduce tension than did
      broad scanning alcoholics. The narrow internal scanning alcoholics also were
      slower learners at an electromyographic biofeedback training task than were the
      broad internal scanning alcoholics. These findings are interpreted in the context
      of a cognitive typology of alcoholism based on relative skills/deficits in
      internal cue processing. Factors relating to differential responsivity to
      treatment are discussed, and concomitant implications for treatment are noted.

PMID- 4061435
TI  - Alcohol-related impairments in male alcoholics and the psychiatric symptoms of
      their spouses: an attempt to replicate.
AB  - This paper reports two attempts to replicate a recent finding by Steinglass
      linking social-behavioral consequences of drinking with the nonalcoholic spouse's
      psychiatric symptomatology. Only weak support was obtained for the original
      findings. Discussion focused on several variables which appeared to be
      importantly related to the strength and generalizability of relationships under
      investigation.

PMID- 4061437
TI  - Measles infection and Parkinson's disease.
AB  - A case-control analysis of Parkinson's disease and infections in childhood was
      conducted in a cohort of 50,002 men who attended Harvard College (Cambridge, MA)
      or the University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, PA) between 1916 and 1950 and
      who were followed in adulthood for morbidity and mortality data. Cases of
      Parkinson's disease were identified from responses to mailed questionnaires and
      death certificates through 1978. Four controls from the same population were
      selected for each case. A reduced risk of Parkinson's disease was associated with
      most childhood viral infections. The negative association was statistically
      significant for a history of measles prior to college entrance (exposure odds
      ratio = 0.53; 95% confidence limits: 0.31, 0.93). The reduced risk of Parkinson's
      disease among subjects with a positive history of measles in childhood may
      reflect an adverse effect of measles in adulthood or of subclinical or atypical
      measles. Furthermore, a negative history of measles, especially if associated
      with a lack of other common diseases, could be a marker for negative influenza
      history before 1918 and thus a higher risk of infection during the 1918 influenza
      epidemic, because of the lack of partial influenza immunity. These data may also
      suggest a truly protective effect of measles, compatible with some complex
      interaction between measles virus and the virus of the 1918 influenza epidemic.

PMID- 4061438
TI  - Alcohol consumption and blood pressure.
AB  - The relationship between alcohol consumption and systolic and diastolic blood
      pressure was examined in a representative population sample of 1,429 men and
      women aged 35-64 years in Auckland, New Zealand during 1982. Univariate plots
      demonstrated a U-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and systolic and
      diastolic blood pressures in men and in women aged 50 years and older, with light
      and moderate drinkers (less than 0-34 g alcohol/day) having lower blood pressure
      levels than either nondrinkers or heavy drinkers. No clear relationship was seen
      in younger women. The U-shaped relationship in men, particularly for systolic
      blood pressure, remained after controlling for potential confounders, whereas in
      women aged 50 years and older, there appeared to be a threshold level of
      approximately four drinks per day, below which drinkers had similar blood
      pressure levels to nondrinkers. In the multivariate analyses, it was calculated
      that among men, light and moderate drinkers had systolic levels 4.8 mmHg lower
      and diastolic levels 1.7 mmHg lower than nondrinkers and heavy drinkers, while
      among women aged 50-64 years, nondrinkers, light drinkers, or moderate drinkers
      had systolic levels 10.2 mmHg lower and diastolic levels 4.5 mmHg lower than
      heavy drinkers. These findings suggest that in men and in women aged 50 years and
      older, there is a nonlinear relationship between blood pressure and alcohol
      consumption, and that there is a level of alcohol consumption, of approximately
      four drinks per day, below which drinkers have either similar or lower blood
      pressure levels compared to nondrinkers.

PMID- 4061439
TI  - Relationship of diuretic therapy and serum magnesium levels among participants in
      the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial.
AB  - Thiazide-like diuretics cause an increased excretion of magnesium in the urine.
      Low serum and selected tissue magnesium levels have been reported among diuretic
      users. Low magnesium levels have been associated with cardiac arrhythmias,
      neuromuscular changes, and increases in lipoprotein levels. The dietary intake of
      magnesium is borderline compared with the recommended dietary allowances. Water
      sources may therefore play an important role. Hard water contains more magnesium
      than soft water. The authors studied serum magnesium levels among special
      intervention Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial participants in two centers:
      Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Davis, California. These participants were men aged
      35-57 years at entry to the trial in 1972-1974; the blood samples were obtained
      primarily in 1980-1981. Diuretic users primarily of chlorthalidone had an average
      1 ppm lower serum magnesium level than nondiuretic users. About 15% of diuretic
      users had persistently lower magnesium levels on two samples approximately four
      months apart. The serum magnesium level was not correlated with the serum
      potassium level. This study is the first long-term follow-up of a well-defined
      group of hypertensives taking thiazide-like diuretics versus suitable controls.
      The results suggest that within similar populations, low serum magnesium levels
      are relatively rare even in the absence of supplementation with magnesium.
      Specific high-risk populations may exist in which a combination of diuretic
      therapy and low intake may contribute to magnesium deficiency. Further
      epidemiologic studies should include monitoring both serum and intracellular
      levels of magnesium among these potential high-risk groups on diuretic therapy.
      This approach may offer the best method of testing the relationship between water
      hardness, minerals, and cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 4061440
TI  - Medical costs of cigarette smoking in a health maintenance organization.
AB  - This study involved direct observation of the differences in utilization of
      medical care by smokers, nonsmokers, and former smokers. A household interview
      survey conducted in 1970-1971 obtained detailed information about the smoking
      patterns of 2,582 adult members of the Northwest Kaiser Permanente health
      maintenance organization in metropolitan Portland, Oregon. These data were linked
      to computerized medical records which documented all inpatient and outpatient
      care for 1967-1974. Current smokers used 20% more hospital days/1,000 person
      years (adjusted for age, sex, alcohol intake, duration of observation) than did
      never smokers. Former smokers, but not smokers, used more outpatient services
      than did nonsmokers. Among smokers, there was no detectable relationship between
      use of medical care services and number of cigarettes smoked per day.

PMID- 4061441
TI  - The risk of low birth weight. Alternative models of neonatal mortality.
AB  - The authors examine the use of the infant's weight at birth to estimate its risk
      of mortality by the 28th day of life. The performance of several commonly
      employed statistical models is compared for the population of single births to
      resident South Carolina mothers in 1975-1980. A log-linear function, fitting the
      natural logarithm of the probability of neonatal mortality to birth weight,
      performs far better in this analysis than a quadratic or a logistic model or a
      model using the logarithm of the probability of survival. The parsimonious log
      linear model also appears preferable to more complex models with additional
      parameters. The authors use the model in an analysis of data in two-year periods
      to demonstrate its value as an indicator of underlying changes in neonatal
      prospects and its easily interpreted parameters. The results highlight the
      importance of changes in neonatal mortality affecting low birth weight infants,
      which produce a noticeable shift in the range in which low birth weight is
      associated with the risk of mortality. These have proven more important in
      accounting for the decline in mortality rates than have changes affecting only
      neonates with more typical birth weights in South Carolina in 1975-1980.

PMID- 4061442
TI  - The problem of multiple inference in studies designed to generate hypotheses.
AB  - Epidemiologic research often involves the simultaneous assessment of associations
      between many risk factors and several disease outcomes. In such situations, often
      designed to generate hypotheses, multiple univariate hypothesis-testing is not an
      appropriate basis for inference. The number of true positive associations in a
      collection of many associations can be estimated by comparing the observed
      distribution of p values for the positive associations to a theoretical uniform
      distribution, or to the observed distribution of negative associations, or to an
      empiric randomization distribution. None of these approaches, however, will
      distinguish the true from the false positive associations. Various criteria for
      selecting a subset of associations to report are considered by the authors,
      including Bonferoni adjustment of p values, splitting the sample for searching
      and testing, Bayesian inference, and decision theory. The authors prefer an
      approach in which all associations in the data are reported, whether significant
      or not, followed by a ranking in order of priority for investigation using
      empirical Bayes techniques. Methods are illustrated by application to preliminary
      data from a study aimed at identifying hitherto unsuspected occupational
      carcinogens.

PMID- 4061444
TI  - The use of dead controls in case-control studies.

PMID- 4061443
TI  - Regression modeling of consumption or exposure variables classified by type.
AB  - Consumption or exposure variables, as potential risk factors, are commonly
      measured and related to health effects. The measurements may be continuous or
      discrete, may be grouped into categories and may, in addition, be classified by
      type. Data analyses utilizing regression methods for the assessment of these risk
      factors present many problems of modeling and interpretation. Various models are
      proposed and evaluated, and recommendations are made. Use of the models is
      illustrated with Cox regression analyses of coronary heart disease mortality
      after 24 years of follow-up of subjects in the Framingham Study, with the focus
      being on alcohol consumption among these subjects.

PMID- 4061445
TI  - Re: "Methods of cancer case selection: implications for research".

PMID- 4061446
TI  - Prevalence of immunologic markers of hepatitis A and B infection in hospital
      personnel in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan.
AB  - Between 1980 and 1983, a total of 1,883 serum samples from employees of four
      prefectural hospitals in Miyazaki prefecture, Japan were surveyed for antibody to
      hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) and for the following hepatitis B virus markers:
      hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), and antibody
      to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Overall prevalences were 36.9% for anti
      HAV, 3.4% for HBsAg, 23.3% for anti-HBs, and 36.6% for anti-HBc. In the control
      group of 233 healthy persons, prevalences were 51.5% for anti-HAV, 3.0% for
      HBsAg, 28.3% for anti-HBs, and 33.5% for anti-HBc. No significant difference in
      the distribution of HBsAg was seen among five work categories. Anti-HBc
      prevalence was significantly higher in nurses than in office workers (p less than
      0.05), other medical personnel (p less than 0.05), and controls (p less than
      0.01). The differences between nurses and office workers and other medical
      personnel became greater with age, but a difference between nurses and the
      control group was recognized in every age group. A significant difference in the
      distribution of anti-HBc was seen between surgical physicians (36.7%) and
      nonsurgical physicians (27.1%). Prevalence of anti-HAV in physicians (32.8%),
      nurses (29.6%), and laboratory technicians (40.1%) was significantly lower than
      in the control group (51.5%). These data suggest that in the hospitals studied,
      hepatitis B is an occupational hazard to nurses and surgical physicians, but that
      hepatitis A is not.

PMID- 4061447
TI  - The epidemiology of panic attacks and panic disorder. Results of three community
      surveys.
AB  - The authors report findings pertaining to panic disorder from the first three
      sites of the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area
      Program. Probability samples of about 3,000 persons aged 18 years or older were
      interviewed in the New Haven, Connecticut area, eastern Baltimore City, Maryland,
      and the greater St. Louis, Missouri area in 1980-1982. Information on panic
      attacks and panic disorder was obtained using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule.
      The prevalence rate of panic attacks in the prior six months was found to be
      about 3% at each of the sites, while the prevalence of panic disorder varied from
      0.6 to 1.0%. Age at onset was found to peak at 15-19 years. Simple panic attacks,
      severe and recurrent panic attacks, and panic disorder were found to be
      characterized by similar symptom profiles and age at onset distributions, and to
      have similar distributions by demographic factors.

PMID- 4061448
TI  - The relationship between Wolfe's classification of mammograms, accepted breast
      cancer risk factors, and the incidence of breast cancer.
AB  - Data collected between 1973 and 1984 on 696 incident cases of breast cancer and
      1,376 matched controls from four Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project
      clinics in the United States were used to assess the role of mammographic
      parenchymal pattern as a risk factor and its relationship with other, accepted,
      risk factors. The data confirm previous reports of the influence of benign breast
      biopsy, age at first live birth, family history of breast cancer, and duration of
      menstruation on the incidence of breast cancer. Height is also found to be an
      influential factor. Parenchymal pattern is found to be a risk factor with effects
      comparable in magnitude to the other factors studied. It operates separately from
      them, except for its relationship with height and weight. After adjustment for
      parenchymal pattern, weight is seen to have a significant effect on breast cancer
      incidence, and height is no longer needed in a model for risk. A model which
      simultaneously incorporates all of the risk factors considered, including
      parenchymal pattern, is presented. While these factors are of interest in the
      epidemiology of breast cancer, it is demonstrated that they are insufficient to
      allow reliable prediction of the disease in an individual woman.

PMID- 4061449
TI  - Characteristics of hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, and glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase during adult and neonatal reticulocyte maturation.
AB  - Erythrocytes from adults and newborn infants (at term and premature) were
      separated by Percoll density gradient centrifugation into four fractions of
      increasing density. Glycolytic enzymes, especially the age-dependent ones,
      hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1, HK), pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40, PK), and glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49, G6PD) were studied during reticulocyte
      maturation and further red cell senescence. Analysis of the fraction with lowest
      density showed an almost linear and steep decline of HK, PK, and G6PD activity
      with a decreasing number of reticulocytes. In the next three fractions of
      increasing density, the activity decline was far less. These data are therefore
      illustrative for a biphasic activity decay pattern of HK, PK, and G6PD during
      both adult and neonatal red cell aging. The strong decline in HK activity could
      not be ascribed to the disappearance of a particulate (mitochondrial) bound
      fraction of the enzyme during reticulocyte maturation. All hexokinase activity in
      human reticulocytes was found to be cytosolic in contrast with rabbit
      reticulocytes in which 70% of HK activity was particulate.

PMID- 4061450
TI  - Five adults with mild sickle cell anemia share a beta S chromosome with the same
      haplotype.
AB  - Five adult SS patients from Qatar, Turkey, and South Africa with mild disease,
      had greatly elevated Hb F and specific patterns of polymorphic sites on their
      beta S chromosomes. One subject had an alpha-thalassemia (-alpha/-alpha). The
      haplotypes were the common type #19, associated with severe disease, and type
      #31, not seen thus far in an SS patient (numbering system of Antonarakis et al).
      The data suggest that modifications in the DNA of the beta S #31 chromosome
      promotes the synthesis of gamma chains.

PMID- 4061451
TI  - Aluminum: a toxicant.

PMID- 4061452
TI  - Serum aluminum cannot be measured accurately.

PMID- 4061453
TI  - The case against aluminum affecting parathyroid function.
AB  - Although there seems to be an interrelationship between aluminum metabolism and
      toxicity and parathyroid function, this relationship is complex and complicated.
      At present, the data seem to be too variable to know with certainty what, if any,
      effect aluminum has on parathyroid function. It is more likely that parathyroid
      function determines aluminum skeletal toxicity than aluminum determines
      parathyroid function. This is suggested by the fact that patients with overt
      hyperparathyroidism are protected from developing aluminum-related bone disease
      even when they are given large parenteral loads of aluminum. And chronic,
      parenteral loads of aluminum seem to have little or no effect on the
      hyperparathyroid state. It remains to be elucidated just how parathyroid hormone
      might augment total body aluminum burden after oral loading of the element. Also
      unclear is how parathyroid hormone enhances bone aluminum uptake.

PMID- 4061455
TI  - Impaired pharmacists: seek treatment.

PMID- 4061454
TI  - Clinical and laboratory features of aluminum-related bone disease: differences
      between sporadic and "epidemic" forms of the syndrome.

PMID- 4061456
TI  - Change in Theragran formulation.

PMID- 4061457
TI  - Prospective-pricing strategies for hospital and departmental effectiveness: the
      physician's response.
AB  - Physician-practice patterns are discussed, and programs of decentralization
      designed to reduce ancillary use are described. The New England Medical Center
      (NEMC) conducted a study with two other major hospitals in Boston comparing
      physician-practice patterns for patients who had had carotid endarterectomies.
      The indications for surgery for these patients did not appear to be different
      among the hospitals; however, average charges and length of stay varied
      considerably. Operating-room time and postoperative management also varied
      substantially. Strategies to change physician-practice patterns must address the
      issues of incentives to physicians and hospitals. At NEMC, a program of
      decentralization is being implemented that involves physician participation in
      budgeting hospital resources. A program of product pricing has been developed,
      whereby the NEMC offers an HMO a fixed price for certain kinds of cases upon
      admission. A daily use report was started to report resource use for specific
      cases compared with annual medians for that type of case. Case types from many
      different surgical specialties are involved. The reports show physicians the
      difference between the actual and expected costs in terms of variances. The NEMC
      has reoriented its budgeting process to include clinical divisions. Clinical
      services are planning to budget the use of intermediate products across different
      cost centers. The clinical budgeting program makes the planning process more
      objective, lowers the use of ancillary services, and reduces costs.

PMID- 4061458
TI  - Documenting workload to better integrate clinical and distributive services.
AB  - Use of workload and work-flow documentation in two pharmacy satellites to
      evaluate pharmacists' productivity is described. Workload was evaluated during 14
      consecutive days in May 1983 and 7 consecutive days in May 1984. All pharmacists
      and technicians working in the satellites recorded times for their activities on
      a form that listed every possible activity; interruptions such as answering the
      telephone, responding to walking requests, replacing stock, and lunches and break
      times were also recorded. Concurrently, the clinical coordinator observed and
      evaluated work performed for four-hour time blocks at least once each day.
      Analysis of workload and work-flow information identified problems with
      scheduling, priorities, interruptions, and pharmacists' knowledge of clinical
      pharmacy practice. Based on these observations, the following changes were
      implemented: pharmacists were scheduled to work either inside or outside the
      satellites for two-week or one-month time periods, priorities were assigned to
      certain tasks performed inside or outside the satellites, job assignments were
      made based on the pharmacist's capabilities and the needs of the patient-care
      areas, a form for documenting potential problem orders was created, and
      pharmacists were evaluated monthly and given one-on-one instruction by the
      clinical coordinator. Documentation of time use identified problems and led to
      changes in assignments that better integrated clinical, educational, and
      distributive responsibilities for the purpose of providing more efficient and
      effective services.

PMID- 4061459
TI  - Quality assurance program for a drug information center.
AB  - Development of a quality assurance (QA) program for a drug information center
      (DIC) at a large community teaching hospital is described. Criteria were written
      for each activity performed by the DIC. An assessment form was devised that
      included instructions for evaluating the service with respect to each criterion.
      New procedures had to be implemented before some DIC activities could be assessed
      (e.g., a survey of the readership of the nursing newsletter, and a peer review
      program for evaluating responses to drug information questions). Initial
      assessment results revealed that failure to meet the practice criteria was
      attributable to inadequacies in the instructions to the evaluator and incomplete
      documentation by the DIC providers. After evaluation and revision of the
      criteria, the program was formally included in the overall pharmacy department QA
      program.

PMID- 4061460
TI  - Home intravenous antimicrobial therapy provided by a community hospital and a
      university hospital.
AB  - A home intravenous antimicrobial program that was implemented at both a private
      community hospital and a university hospital with a wide rural referral base is
      described. Over an 18-month period, 63 patients were screened and selected for
      home i.v. antimicrobial management according to stringent criteria. The hospital
      pharmacies and two home health-care companies were used as the central points for
      coordinating the preparation and distribution of drug products and providing
      specialty nursing services. Predischarge inhospital education for each patient
      was conducted by a pharmacist and a nurse. On-call pharmacists and nurses were
      available to monitor and assist the patients, and the patients were seen
      regularly by physicians during the period of home therapy. The 63 patients
      received a total of 1108 days of home i.v. antimicrobial therapy; the mean
      duration of therapy was 17.6 days. Heparin-lock peripheral cannulae were used for
      51 patients, while 12 patients received their treatment through central
      subclavian or Hickman catheters. Home i.v. antimicrobial treatment seemed to be
      as effective as comparable inpatient management for each type of infection. Drug-
      and i.v. catheter-related adverse effects were uncommon and seemed similar in
      type and frequency to those of hospitalized patients. The estimated cost savings
      per treatment course was $3,514 for a total net savings of $221,406 over the 18
      month study period. Home i.v. antimicrobial treatment programs can be
      successfully implemented in both community-based and tertiary-care settings. Home
      therapy is a safe, efficacious, and cost-effective alternative to prolonged
      hospitalization for a variety of infectious diseases.

PMID- 4061461
TI  - Pharmaceutical services in hospitals treating pediatric patients.
AB  - A survey was conducted of pharmaceutical services in 120 of the 325 short-term
      hospitals associated with accredited pediatric residency training programs, 52
      pediatric hospitals, and 68 adult hospitals with pediatric units or floors. The
      mail survey conducted in 1983 had a 70% response. Centralized pharmaceutical
      services were offered by the majority of the hospitals. Seventy-two percent of
      the respondents indicated that either a complete or partial unit dose drug
      distribution system was used for most of their pediatric patients, while 25%
      indicated that they used either the traditional individual patient-fill system or
      some combination of drug-distribution systems. A total of 80% of the hospitals
      provided either complete or partial i.v. admixture services. The preparation of
      total parenteral nutrient solutions was the most common admixture service
      provided. Clinical services were provided, to some extent, by 63% of the
      respondents. Computers were used for multiple functions, such as generating
      patient profiles, organizing the formulary, and providing labels for unit dose
      and i.v. admixture services, by 33% of the respondents. Selection of therapeutic
      alternates was performed by pharmacists in 51% of the responding hospitals, and
      the majority of institutions had formulary systems. Modern drug-distribution
      systems and clinical services have been established in many hospitals treating
      pediatric patients.

PMID- 4061462
TI  - Sulfite content of drug products.
AB  - A survey of drug manufacturers was conducted to identify drug products containing
      sulfiting agents; the list compiled of such products is presented in this paper.
      Letters were sent to the 224 manufacturers listed in the 1984 Physicians' Desk
      Reference requesting a list of all products containing sulfiting agents. A follow
      up letter was sent to manufacturers who did not respond within three months. Of
      those manufacturers surveyed, 153 (68%) responded adequately; 71 (32%) did not
      respond or provided inadequate information. Some of the manufacturers referred
      the inquiry to parent companies, subsidiaries, or suppliers; 34 of these
      responded. A total of 187 manufacturers supplied a list of sulfite-containing
      drug products or stated that they did not produce any. Sulfites are present in a
      substantial number of drug products.

PMID- 4061463
TI  - In vitro drug interference with home blood-glucose-measurement systems.
AB  - The in vitro effects of ascorbic acid, acetaminophen, salicylic acid, and
      gentisic acid on home blood-glucose-measurement systems were studied. Whole blood
      in the normoglycemic range was spiked with quantities of each study drug at low,
      moderate, and high therapeutic concentrations. The glucose concentration of the
      blood was measured using Chemstrip bG, Dextrostix, and Visidex II home blood
      glucose-monitoring systems. Serum samples were also measured by two automated
      systems, a glucose-oxidase method and a hexokinase method. Mean values were
      compared within the same glucose-measurement system to determine the extent of
      drug interference, and to values obtained by other systems to determine the
      reliability among systems. Changes between the control and treatment glucose mean
      concentrations of 20% or more were considered clinically important. Drug
      interference was observed with all three home blood-glucose-measurement systems
      and was drug-concentration dependent. Both automated systems were associated with
      drug interference at the highest concentration of salicylic acid, and the
      hexokinase method was influenced at the highest concentration of gentisic acid.
      No clinically important differences were observed between the automated systems;
      however, differences were observed between the automated and home blood-glucose
      monitoring systems. Salicylic acid, acetaminophen, and ascorbic acid interfere
      with home blood-glucose-measurement systems. Switching between home blood-glucose
      measurement systems could result in a poor assessment of blood-glucose values. In
      general, the values determined by home and automated systems should not be
      compared clinically.

PMID- 4061464
TI  - Reminder system for reducing missed appointments in an anticoagulation
      surveillance clinic.

PMID- 4061465
TI  - Basis and current scope of rational anti-inflammatory therapy.
AB  - With the increased understanding of inflammation today, it is clear that those
      therapeutic agents that control noxious effects of inflammation without blocking
      the protective aspects are more desirable. In the past 30 years, numerous new
      classes of anti-inflammatory agents have emerged, having first passed stringent
      clinical pharmacologic testing. Of the available nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
      agents, most act through blockade of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway, and some
      through specific effects on the lipoxygenase pathway. Each of the major
      categories of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents is discussed briefly with
      regard to these actions and their clinical effects. The use of nonsteroidal anti
      inflammatory agents is also discussed in the context of the elderly patient in
      whom physiologic aspects of aging must be considered.

PMID- 4061466
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of isoxicam in the elderly.
AB  - Several studies are under way to determine the pharmacokinetics of isoxicam in
      the elderly; this report presents preliminary results of these studies. Data have
      been collected from: eight healthy subjects older than 65 years old receiving
      single oral doses of 200 mg; eight patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 61 to 69
      years old, receiving oral doses of 400 mg per day; and the same eight patients
      with arthritis receiving 100 mg per day (four patients), 200 mg per day (one
      patient), or 300 mg per day (three patients). The plasma levels of isoxicam were
      determined in the subjects for 96 hours following administration. The results
      indicate that the mean half-life of isoxicam is approximately 24 hours and is
      independent of dosage. The results were compared with those in 30 healthy
      subjects aged 18 to 32 years. The comparison showed that the half-life of
      isoxicam appears to be independent of dosage, duration of treatment, and age of
      subject. On the basis of these preliminary results, it appears that elderly
      patients are not at risk of excessive accumulation of isoxicam during treatment
      with therapeutic dosages.

PMID- 4061467
TI  - Smoking behavior, cessation techniques, and the health decision model.

PMID- 4061468
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse requiring surgery.

PMID- 4061469
TI  - "It's better to be smart than dumb" or the clinical importance of ignorance.

PMID- 4061470
TI  - Hypothenar hammer syndrome. Form of reversible Raynaud's phenomenon.
AB  - Hypothenar hammer syndrome is a reversible yet uncommonly encountered cause of
      Raynaud's phenomenon. Characteristic findings include coldness in the dominant
      hand of a male, absence of triphasic color change and thumb involvement, and
      occupational or recreational use of the hand as a hammer. Angiography
      demonstrates the specific findings of irregularity or occlusion of the ulnar
      artery, downstream occluded proper digital arteries, and intraluminal emboli at
      the sites of distal obstruction. A vulnerable area of traumatic occlusion is
      provided by the anatomic relationship of the superficial branch of the ulnar
      artery to the hamate bone and the palmar aponeurosis. Pathologic studies separate
      the hypothenar hammer syndrome from clinically similar vasculitis. It is
      important to recognize the hypothenar hammer syndrome as a distinct entity
      because treatment is curative and consists of resection of the affected vascular
      segment and avoidance of the aggravating conditions.

PMID- 4061471
TI  - The aging thyroid. Relationship between elevated serum thyrotropin level and
      thyroid antibodies in elderly patients.
AB  - The relationship of thyroid antibodies and the serum level of thyrotropin in
      older adults (over age 60) was studied to determine whether thyroid antibodies
      were a good clue to thyroid failure in elderly persons. Of those with thyroid
      failure, evidenced by clearly elevated serum thyrotropin values (more than 10
      microU/ml), 67 percent had positive antimicrosomal antibody levels, a prevalence
      much greater (p less than 0.001) than that among those of comparable age with
      normal thyroid function (18 percent). Nevertheless, one third (33 percent) had
      thyroid failure without positive antimicrosomal antibody levels; this was true
      whether or not a low serum thyroxine value was present. Furthermore, of those
      with positive antimicrosomal antibody levels, most (68 percent) did not have
      thyroid failure. Thus, although positive antimicrosomal antibody levels occurred
      more often in elderly patients with thyroid failure than in those with normal
      thyroid function, a sizable fraction of those with thyroid failure did not have
      positive antimicrosomal antibody levels. Hence, measurement of thyroid
      antimicrosomal antibodies is not a good test of early thyroid failure in older
      patients; direct demonstration of a clearly elevated serum thyrotropin value is a
      better approach.

PMID- 4061472
TI  - Corticosteroid therapy associated with ischemic necrosis of bone in systemic
      lupus erythematosus.
AB  - In this prospective study, 28 (52 percent) of 54 patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) had ischemic necrosis of bone in 93 sites. All but two of the
      patients had multiple sites of involvement, with hips, knees, and shoulders
      affected in decreasing order of frequency. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory
      features were comparable in patients with and without ischemic necrosis of bone
      except for cushingoid changes in 24 (86 percent) of the 28 patients with ischemic
      necrosis of bone versus four (15 percent) of the 26 patients without ischemic
      necrosis of bone (p less than 0.0001). The duration of steroid therapy, total
      cumulative steroid dose, and the mean daily prednisone dose for the first one,
      three, six, and 12 months of therapy were not significantly different between the
      two groups. Mean daily prednisone dose for the highest single month as well as
      the highest consecutive three, six, and 12 months of therapy was significantly
      higher in patients with ischemic necrosis of bone. The mean daily dose of
      prednisone for the highest month of therapy was greater than 40 mg per day in 93
      percent and greater than 20 mg per day in all patients with ischemic necrosis of
      bone. In patients with ischemic necrosis of bone, there was a statistically
      significant correlation between higher mean prednisone dose at all time intervals
      and increased number of bony sites involved. A lower mean dose of prednisone was
      required to produce ischemic necrosis of bone in patients with Raynaud's
      phenomenon.

PMID- 4061473
TI  - The case presentation. Stumbling blocks and stepping stones.

PMID- 4061474
TI  - Acquired cystic disease of the end-stage kidney.
AB  - The development of multiple cysts in the previously noncystic chronically
      diseased kidneys of patients undergoing long-term dialysis appears to be
      associated with spontaneous renal bleeding and benign and malignant renal tumors.
      Two cases of acquired cystic disease with renal hemorrhage and adenocarcinoma are
      presented; metastases occurred in one patient and the other had bilateral
      carcinoma requiring bilateral nephrectomy. Combined data from 13 studies indicate
      acquired cystic disease occurs in one third of patients undergoing maintenance
      hemodialysis and is associated with adenocarcinoma in 4 percent of cases. Four
      cases of metastases and five deaths linked to acquired cystic disease have been
      reported. Eight of 24 patients with acquired cystic disease and clinical
      manifestations of renal bleeding had renal adenocarcinoma. Autopsy series
      indicate tumors associated with acquired cystic disease are usually benign but
      commonly bilateral and multiple. Cystic transformation of the end-stage kidney is
      more frequent after several years of hemodialysis. It is suggested that patients
      receiving dialysis treatments for more than three years have a baseline
      radiologic examination of the kidneys so that subsequent problems can be more
      easily identified and evaluated.

PMID- 4061475
TI  - Cerebellar dysfunction and nephrotic syndrome in a 50-year-old man.

PMID- 4061476
TI  - Functional mediastinal parathyroid cyst. Dynamics of parathyroid hormone
      secretion during cyst aspirations and surgery.
AB  - A patient presented with a large neck mass, hypercalcemia, and elevated serum
      parathyroid hormone levels. Aspiration of the cystic mass yielded 100 ml of fluid
      that contained a low concentration of thyroxine, but large amounts of parathyroid
      hormone, as measured by bioassay or with three different radioimmunoassays. After
      each of four aspirations, the serum calcium level declined significantly. Serial
      measurements showed that serum amino-terminal and mid-region parathyroid hormone
      levels and urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate values declined after
      aspiration. Surgical resection of the cervical-mediastinal cyst restored normal
      serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels, and these have been maintained for
      nine months. Calculations suggest that parathyroid hormone traversing the cyst
      lumen might contribute significantly to the excess circulating parathyroid
      hormone.

PMID- 4061477
TI  - Palmar fasciitis and arthritis with ovarian and non-ovarian carcinomas. New
      syndrome.
AB  - Paraneoplastic syndromes affect a variety of organ systems and often suggest
      occult malignancy. Recently, a distinct syndrome of palmar fasciitis and
      arthritis has been associated with ovarian carcinomas. The two cases presented
      illustrate the fasciitis-arthritis association with other non-ovarian
      malignancies and suggest an immunologic cause for this disorder.

PMID- 4061478
TI  - Enema-induced hyperphosphatemia.
AB  - Severe hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia developed following the administration
      of a single hypertonic sodium phosphate enema in an adult with mild chronic renal
      insufficiency.

PMID- 4061479
TI  - Giant cell myocarditis.
AB  - The present report describes a 45-year-old man with giant cell myocarditis who
      died of heart failure eight months after the onset of symptoms. On postmortem
      examination, the heart showed extensive myocardial fibrosis with numerous
      multinucleated giant cells. The lungs and a series of 20 lymph nodes showed no
      evidence of granulomatous disease, thereby excluding a diagnosis of sarcoidosis.
      Circumstantial evidence supports the view that giant cell myocarditis may have an
      autoimmune origin, and the histopathology suggests that cellular immune
      mechanisms might have a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. On this basis,
      it is suggested that cyclosporine, a selective inhibitor of T lymphocyte-mediated
      immune responses, may be useful for the treatment of this presently fatal
      disease.

PMID- 4061480
TI  - Liver abscess complicating Crohn's disease presenting as thoracic empyema. Case
      report and review of the literature.
AB  - A 28-year-old man with a history of Crohn's disease presented with right
      pleuritic pain and dyspnea. Chest radiography showed a right pleural effusion.
      Thoracocentesis yielded purulent fluid that subsequently grew Enterobacter
      aerogenes. Computed axial tomography of the abdomen revealed right subphrenic
      abscess and right hepatic lobe abscess. Antibiotic therapy and surgical drainage
      resulted in complete recovery. A review of the English literature produced 18
      cases of liver abscess complicating Crohn's disease. Details of 14 of these cases
      are summarized.

PMID- 4061481
TI  - Bronchiectasis masquerading as pulmonary embolus.
AB  - The diagnosis of bronchiectasis usually suggests a patient with a productive
      cough and shortness of breath. This report describes the case history of an
      otherwise healthy 43-year-old man who presented with repetitive episodes of
      pleuritic pain that led to several extensive, invasive evaluations in search of a
      pulmonary embolus. Only after a carefully taken history did the patient admit to
      an intermittent chronic cough, which suggested the diagnosis of bronchiectasis.
      This diagnosis was ultimately confirmed by bronchography. This report suggests
      that patients with bronchiectasis may present with unusual clinical
      manifestations, and that the correct diagnosis may be missed unless physicians
      are aware that "old" diseases may present in "new" ways.

PMID- 4061482
TI  - Dengue and hepatic failure.
AB  - Dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome is a serious manifestation of
      dengue fever, which is observed predominantly in the tropical regions of the West
      Pacific and in Southeast Asia and is associated with secondary infections, mainly
      in children under age 15. A concomitant microangiopathic coagulopathy has been
      described; moreover, encephalopathy and even Reye's syndrome have been rarely
      reported. This report describes a 51-year-old man with secondary dengue infection
      who presented with clinical evidence of severe hepatitis, encephalopathy, cranial
      nerve palsy, and microangiopathic coagulopathy and who had a favorable outcome. A
      careful surveillance for the occurrence of secondary dengue in the Western
      Hemisphere is proposed, and dengue is suggested as a diagnostic possibility in
      obscure febrile illnesses presenting as either hepatitis, encephalopathy, or
      coagulopathy in places in which the mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti, is present.

PMID- 4061483
TI  - Workshop on genetic disorders in the Hutterites--Edmonton, Canada, October 12-13,
      1983.

PMID- 4061484
TI  - Multiplicity of genetic polymorphisms of blood in the Schmiedeleut Hutterites.
AB  - Ninety-eight alleles in 38 polymorphisms of blood are identified in the
      Schmiedeleut Hutterites. The study was initiated because of the presence of Wda,
      an allele found almost exclusively in Hutterites. Eight of the other alleles also
      have an exceedingly low incidence in a random white population: r'' (.006), R2w
      (less than .001), LWb (less than .01), ESD*rare (less than .001), GPT*0 (.004),
      NP*4 (less than .001), GOT2*3 (.001), and C6*0 (.002). The occurrence of this
      many rare alleles in a population with an estimated maximum of 124 ancestral
      genomes was surprising but consistent with observations in other isolates. The
      degree of heterozygosity and large family size make the population ideal for
      genetic linkage studies.

PMID- 4061485
TI  - Muscular dystrophy in Saskatchewan Hutterites.
AB  - A slowly progressive form of muscular dystrophy was studied in a Dariusleut
      Hutterite kindred from a colony in west-central Saskatchewan. The disorder
      combines some characteristics of the dominantly inherited facio-scapulo-humeral
      and the recessively inherited limb-girdle types of muscular dystrophy. Intellect,
      vision, hearing, and sensations were normally preserved. Nerve conduction was
      also intact. The disorder reported herein resembles a type of muscular dystrophy
      we previously described in the Manitoba Schmiedeleut Hutterites [Shokeir and
      Kobrinsky, 1976]. This condition, which affects both sexes, appears to be genetic
      in origin and recessively inherited.

PMID- 4061486
TI  - Juvenile cataract in Hutterites.
AB  - Isolated juvenile or congenital cataract is a rare disorder. It occurs commonly
      as part of a more generalized or systemic condition or as a component of a
      syndrome. When encountered per se it may be genetically determined. The
      inheritance then often is autosomal dominant; autosomal recessive transmission of
      isolated juvenile cataract is rare. Here we present, four sibships from an
      extensive kindred including nine individuals affected with juvenile (or
      congenital) cataracts. The kindred belongs to the Lehrerleut Hutterite group from
      the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta in Canada and the state of Montana in
      the United States. Apart from the cataracts, all the patients were healthy and of
      normal growth and development. Specifically, no metabolic disorder could be
      identified. Intellect, hearing and behavior were all normal and the patients were
      neurologically intact. Furthermore, there were no other ocular lesions aside from
      the cataracts. In this kindred cataracts appear to be a recessive trait.

PMID- 4061487
TI  - Mandibulofacial dysostosis in Hutterite sibs: a possible recessive trait.
AB  - We report on two sisters with mandibulofacial dysostosis (MFD). Both parents were
      examined carefully by clinical, radiographic, audiologic, and cephalometric
      methods. Neither showed evidence of the MFD gene. Photographs of three
      grandparents and examination of one disclosed no evidence of MFD. The parents are
      from the Hutterite Brethren and are consanguineous. Examination of the literature
      on MFD disclosed a number of other families with affected sibs and apparently
      normal parents. These families raise the possibility of an autosomal recessive
      form of MFD or some other explanation such as germinal mosaicism, chromosome
      rearrangement, or delayed mutation. For our family, the recurrence risk is
      probably 25%, but since germinal mosaicism cannot be excluded, it could be as
      high as 50%.

PMID- 4061489
TI  - Disequilibrium syndrome in Montana Hutterites.
AB  - This is a preliminary note on the occurrence of the disequilibrium syndrome (DES)
      in the Dariusleut Hutterites of Montana. Previously the condition was reported in
      the Dariusleut of Alberta by Schurig et al [1981] as an autosomal recessive, non
      progressive neurological disorder with congenital hypotonia, considerable
      psychomotor retardation, unsteady broadly based gait and stance, increased deep
      tendon reflexes, and mild to moderate mental retardation. Affected individuals
      were short. In the Montana family studied by us in 1981, a brother and three
      sisters are affected.

PMID- 4061488
TI  - Hutterite cerebro-osteo-nephrodysplasia: autosomal recessive trait in a
      Lehrerleut Hutterite family from Montana.
AB  - We are reporting on two Lehrerleut Hutterite sisters who have a syndrome of
      congenital shortness with mild spondylorhizomelic dwarfism; later failure to
      thrive, ie deceleration of weight gain presumably due to CNS-based severe feeding
      problems; a CNS defect, probably developmental (not biochemical) with normal
      prenatal brain growth but later deceleration from 50th to 2nd centile associated
      with severe mental retardation and decorticate disturbances of neurologic
      function; and possible renal involvement with terminal nephrotic syndrome. This
      seems to be a previously undescribed pleiotropic autosomal recessive trait.

PMID- 4061490
TI  - NOR activity and centromere suppression related in a de novo fusion
      tdic(9;13)(p22;p13) chromosome in a child with del(9p) syndrome.
AB  - A female infant with del(9p) syndrome was found to have the karyotype
      45,XX,tdic(9;13)(p22;p13) de novo. In the translocation chromosome, various
      combinations of AgNOR activity and inactivity were found with suppression of
      either the 9 or neither centromere. These phenomena of discontinuous centromeric
      suppression and variation in NOR activity in the one chromosome were scored on
      AgNOR, GTG, and a combination of AgNOR- and GTG-banded preparations. With AgNOR
      staining, 15.8% tdic chromosomes were AgNOR-positive, and this coincided (in
      preparations with GTG banding only) with 16% tdic chromosomes with a nonstaining
      gap present at the NOR site. This suggested that when the NOR-nonstaining gap was
      present the AgNOR staining would be positive; this was confirmed by the absence
      of gaps in combination AgNOR-GTG-banded preparations. In cells with tdic-NOR
      negative chromosomes, equal proportions of cells with the 13 or both centromeres
      constricted were observed, but in cells with tdic-AgNOR-positive chromosomes
      there was only half the proportion of tdic chromosomes with both centromeres
      constricted; ie, there was a (significant) tendency towards inactivity of the NOR
      when both centromeres were constricted in the tdic chromosome. Therefore, the 2
      phenomena, variation in NOR activity and centromeric suppression, are
      interrelated in this case.

PMID- 4061491
TI  - Familial hypercholesterolemia with "normal" cholesterol in obligate
      heterozygotes.
AB  - We have investigated the family of a 15-year-old proposita with a homozygous,
      receptor-defective, familial hypercholesterolemia and found that her
      consanguineous, obligate heterozygous parents have "normal" cholesterol levels
      and a family history of unusual longevity. Documentation of paternity and the
      presence of the heterozygous biochemical disorder in the parents is firm. The
      implications are that, at least in this family, relatively low serum cholesterol
      and high levels of HDL cholesterol are protective against the risks associated
      with having a mutant allele for heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 4061492
TI  - Clinical studies in a kindred with a kinetic LDL receptor mutation causing
      familial hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - We have studied a family carrying a variant of the class 2 mutation of familial
      hypercholesterolemia (FH) in which there is unusual longevity and in which
      obligate heterozygotes did not express constant or statistically significant
      hypercholesterolemia. The heterozygotes have the same kinetic defect in the
      processing of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors in their fibroblasts and
      the reduced fractional catabolic rate for apoLDL that is characteristic of other
      patients with heterozygous FH. However, their plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels
      are not as strikingly abnormal because they have normal or near normal rates of
      apoLDL synthesis.

PMID- 4061493
TI  - Familial recurrence of achondroplasia.
AB  - A family is reported among whom 2 second-cousins-once removed (two half or half
      third cousins) demonstrate clinical and radiological features of classical
      achondroplasia.

PMID- 4061494
TI  - Translocation mosaicism in a woman having multiple miscarriages.
AB  - We concluded cytogenetic studies on a couple who had had several spontaneous
      abortions. The peripheral lymphocytes of the woman repeatedly showed a mosaic
      pattern with a structurally altered, apparently balanced, autosomal translocation
      between chromosomes 4 and 5. Various studies were reviewed and it was concluded
      that the true frequency of structural rearranged mosaics in recurrent pregnancy
      loss is not known.

PMID- 4061495
TI  - Primary hypogonadism and partial alopecia in three sibs with mullerian hypoplasia
      in the affected females.
AB  - We describe 3 sibs, two females and a male, with hypogonadism, defective
      Mullerian development in the sisters, and partial alopecia consisting of cranial
      hair only in the center of the scalp. One sister had absent gonads, the other had
      streak ovaries; both had markedly hypoplastic internal genitalia. Their brother
      had hormonal and histologic findings consistent with germinal cell aplasia. In
      view of the fact that the parents were consanguineous, autosomal recessive
      inheritance of the syndrome is likely.

PMID- 4061496
TI  - Gingival fibromatosis with sensorineural hearing loss: an autosomal dominant
      trait.
AB  - Gingival fibromatosis is a heterogeneous entity that can occur both as a part of
      syndromes and as an isolated trait. We describe the second family with a rare,
      dominantly inherited syndrome of gingival fibromatosis and progressive
      sensorineural hearing loss.

PMID- 4061497
TI  - Perrault syndrome in sisters.

PMID- 4061498
TI  - The "Michelin tire baby" syndrome--an autosomal dominant trait.

PMID- 4061499
TI  - Familial multiple exostoses--no chromosome 8 deletion observed.

PMID- 4061500
TI  - Teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs.

PMID- 4061501
TI  - Mesenteric ischemia in chronic dialysis patients.
AB  - 6 chronic dialysis patients with acute mesenteric ischemia are described. 3 had
      nonocclusive infarctions, and 3 had occlusive disease. 5 of the patients had
      episodes of severe hypotension or hypovolemia immediately before the onset of
      abdominal symptoms. All patients had leukocyte counts of greater than 12,000 on
      admission, and 4 had stools positive for occult blood. The characteristic
      features of dialysis-induced hypotension followed by nonspecific abdominal
      symptoms and leukocytosis are emphasized.

PMID- 4061502
TI  - Verapamil kinetics during maintenance hemodialysis.
AB  - The kinetics of verapamil during chronic oral therapy were evaluated in a
      maintenance hemodialysis patient. The elimination half-lives of verapamil and its
      major metabolite norverapamil were 3.8 and 15.2 h. The former is shorter, while
      the latter is similar to that in patients with normal renal function.
      Hemodialysis did not affect drug half-life, and neither drug could be detected in
      the dialysate. Our studies suggest that verapamil kinetics are altered in end
      stage renal disease and that hemodialysis does not remove significant amounts of
      the drug or its metabolite.

PMID- 4061503
TI  - Evidence for a particularly severe secondary hyperparathyroidism in analgesic
      abuse nephropathy.
AB  - Ca metabolism was compared in two groups of patients with chronic interstitial
      nephritis: in 21 patients (analgesic abuse nephropathy (AAN) group), nephropathy
      was due to exposure for 5-50 years (mean 21.1) to phenacetin-containing
      analgesics, whereas in 21 other patients (controls) it was due to exposure for 1
      80 years (mean 21.4; NS) to other causes. Patients were followed for 2.5 +/- 0.6
      and 1.6 +/- 0.6 years, respectively (mean +/- SEM; NS). Blood Ca, P, protein,
      creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D
      (25(OH)D), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) as well as arterial acid-base
      status and urinary excretion rate of Ca, P and creatinine were determined
      serially. Results were included only when P was maintained between 0.7 and 1.9
      mmol/l. The range of creatinine levels studied was 95-1,600 mumol/l. No
      differences were found between the two groups with respect to creatinine
      clearance, blood P, protein, arterial pH and bicarbonate, and urinary excretion
      rates of Ca and P. Mean plasma Ca was significantly lower, and PTH was
      significantly higher in the AAN group than in the control group; mean plasma
      alkaline phosphatase activity was also significantly higher in the AAN group. In
      both groups Ca was negatively correlated with creatinine, but the slope of the
      regression line was steeper in the AAN group than in controls. The degree of
      hypocalcemia was related to the increase in plasma PTH and alkaline phosphatase,
      but not to the plasma level of 25(OH)D or 1,25(OH)2D.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4061504
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of multiple-dose cefoperazone in hemodialysis patients.
AB  - We studied the pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone 2 g i.v. every 12 h for 7 days in
      12 patients on hemodialysis with normal hepatic function. The half-life of
      indocyanine green was determined in each patient via ear oximetry. Serum levels
      of cefoperazone during dialysis were well described by a two-compartment
      multidose infusion model. From this model we determined the steady state volume
      of distribution (Vdss), elimination phase half-life during dialysis T1/2D) and
      off hemodialysis (T1/2), and the corresponding elimination rate constants (KeD
      and Ke). Multiple correlations between pharmacokinetic parameters, liver
      function, and physical characteristics of the patients were evaluated. The T1/2
      of cefoperazone was 2.9 h off compared to 2.3 h during hemodialysis. The
      corresponding elimination rate constants were Ke = 0.45/h versus KeD = 0.80/h.
      Cefoperazone clearances were 78 ml/min off dialysis compared to 140 ml/min during
      hemodialysis. Vdss was 0.20 liters/kg. The indocyanine green half-life ranged
      from 1.8 to 4.6 min with a mean of 2.7 min. The ages of the patients correlated
      with the beta phase half-life (r = 0.68, p = 0.015). We found no significant
      correlations among the other parameters including hepatic enzymes and indocyanine
      green half-life. Thus, hemodialysis approximately doubles the elimination rate
      constant (clearance), but, assuming drug redistribution kinetics remain
      unchanged, only shortens half-life by about 20%. Scheduling of a 12-hour dosing
      regimen to coincide with the end of hemodialysis should obviate any need for
      alteration of dose. Cefoperazone is thus unique among cephalosporins, since the
      half-life does not change appreciably with end-stage renal disease or
      dialysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4061505
TI  - Acute renal failure complicating viral hepatitis in the absence of severe hepatic
      insufficiency.
AB  - Four patients (2 were HBsAg positive) with acute icteric viral hepatitis (VH)
      developed acute renal failure (ARF) in the course of their illness and in the
      absence of other complications. Their peak serum creatinine values (4.7-10, mean
      7 mg/dl) were reached either before or simultaneously with their maximum serum
      aminotransferase values (1,390-2730, mean 2,032 mU/ml). Apart from VH no other
      factors responsible for precipitating ARF could be identified. In the HBsAg
      negative patients, serological investigations for infectious mononucleosis,
      cytomegalovirus infection, and leptospirosis were negative. In 2 patients liver
      biopsy showed changes consistent with VH. Proteinuria was absent in all cases,
      making glomerulonephritis unlikely. The urinary sodium excretion was uniformly
      high (57-104, mean 78 mmol/l in random samples). Two patients required short
      courses of dialysis. All cases recovered completely with return of serum
      creatinine to normal values after a mean duration of 25 days. After a normal
      serum creatinine level had been achieved, 1 case was lost to follow-up, and the
      other 3 cases maintain normal renal and liver function tests 9 months (mean)
      after the initial episode. Otherwise uncomplicated VH is a potential cause of
      ARF, even in the absence of severe hepatic insufficiency. The mechanism of ARF in
      VH is unknown, but vasoconstriction phenomena induced by endotoxemia might
      contribute.

PMID- 4061506
TI  - IgA nephropathy associated with dental nickel alloy sensitization.
AB  - We report a patient with documented IgA nephropathy in whom microscopic
      hematuria, proteinuria, and hypertension first occurred after placement of nickel
      alloy base dental crowns. Progressive proteinuria culminating in nephrotic-range
      proteinuria occurred parallel to increased nickel placement and dramatically
      resolved following nickel alloy removal. That immunologic alterations occur as a
      result of nickel exposure has already been suggested by the common occurrence of
      nickel contact dermatitis, often exacerbated by intraoral nickel placement,
      increased carcinogenesis in nickel refinery workers, and animal models of nickel
      associated carcinogenesis. Our patient may represent an example of nickel-induced
      sensitization and associated IgA glomerulopathy. Further study of patients with
      immune-mediated glomerulopathy with attention to dental nickel exposure appears
      indicated.

PMID- 4061507
TI  - Twin delivery: how should the second twin be delivered?
AB  - In a series of 803 pairs of twins born between 1973 and 1982, 0.33% of second
      twins were delivered by cesarean section after vaginal delivery of the first
      twin. During the last year the frequency has increased to 7%, calling attention
      to the problem of declining obstetric skills and experience. This has caused us
      to update the routines of intrapartum management of twin gestations. In the
      present program only commonly available obstetric techniques are used. The
      potentially hazardous twin delivery is excluded from a trial of vaginal delivery.
      Hopefully, the program will help other obstetricians to decide in favor of
      vaginal delivery in selected twin gestations.

PMID- 4061508
TI  - The effect of acute exercise on pulsatile release of luteinizing hormone in women
      runners.
AB  - Endurance exercise has been associated with reproductive dysfunction. We have
      previously suggested that pulsatile release of luteinizing hormone is impaired at
      rest in normal menstruating runners compared with sedentary women. To determine
      whether acute exercise had any effect on pulsatile release of luteinizing hormone
      we investigated serum luteinizing hormone levels in six normal menstruating
      runners at rest and after 60 minutes of running exercise. Exercise induced an
      increment in circulating luteinizing hormone levels greater than the change in
      hematocrit. The luteinizing hormone pulse frequency, calculated as the number of
      luteinizing hormone pulses per 6 hours, was reduced after exercise compared with
      values obtained at rest. There was no significant difference in pulse amplitude
      or area under the 6-hour curve between resting and postexercise situations. These
      data suggest that acute exercise has an inhibitory effect on luteinizing hormone
      pulsatile release at the hypothalamic level in eumenorrheic runners that is in
      addition to the previously described effect of training.

PMID- 4061509
TI  - Postpartum disappearance of chorionic gonadotropin from the maternal and neonatal
      circulations.
AB  - The disappearance of chorionic gonadotropin from the circulation was studied in a
      group of 10 healthy mothers and their offspring following vaginal delivery.
      Kinetic analysis revealed the following biexponential clearance characteristics:
      in mothers the rapid half-life component averaged 4.75 +/- 0.58 (SE) hours (n =
      6), and the slow half-life component averaged 32.2 +/- 1.35 hours (n = 6); in
      neonates the respective overall means were 1.32 and 55.2 hours. Total elimination
      of chorionic gonadotropin (less than 0.005 IU/ml) occurred at a median time of 14
      days following birth (range, 8 to 24 days) in mothers and at 1.5 days (range, 0
      to 4 days) in neonates.

PMID- 4061510
TI  - Interpretation of nonstress tests.
AB  - Five nonstress tests were interpreted by a national sample of obstetricians
      blinded to specific patient clinical data. The 169 questionnaires suitable for
      analysis showed that the reliability of the test interpretation, as measured by
      the kappa statistic, decreased with increasing number of categories of
      interpretation. Kappa values for two, three, and five categories of
      interpretation were 0.60, 0.39, and 0.36, respectively. The middle values in the
      three- and five-category methods of interpretation had very low levels of
      reliability. Kappa values as related to the age of the respondent or measurements
      of experience showed relatively small changes in reliability of interpretation.

PMID- 4061511
TI  - Microinvasive carcinoma of the vagina: a distinct clinical entity?
AB  - Six patients with superficially invasive squamous carcinoma of the vagina are
      described. All had less than 2.5 mm of invasion as measured from the surface,
      lacked involvement of the lymph-vascular spaces, and arose within a field of
      carcinoma in situ. Three of the six had previously been treated for carcinoma of
      the cervix. The patients with microinvasive carcinoma had a median age 10 years
      younger than that of patients with Stage I carcinoma of the vagina. Treatment of
      the six patients has been by partial or total vaginectomy. With follow-up of 51
      to 172 months, there have been no recurrences. More experience is needed to
      define microinvasive squamous carcinoma of the vagina and to determine the
      optimal treatment for these lesions.

PMID- 4061512
TI  - The influence of antecedent renal disease on pregnancy.
AB  - The influence of antecedent renal disease on pregnancy was studied
      retrospectively in 72 women with various renal diseases that had been proved by
      biopsy. Among 105 pregnancies studied, normal deliveries were observed in 74
      (71%), abnormal deliveries with live infants in 14 (13%), fetal or neonatal
      deaths in 11 (10%), and spontaneous abortions in six (6%). The incidence of
      normal delivery, as well as that of live births, was the highest in the cases of
      membranous glomerulonephritis, but there was no obvious difference in the
      incidence among IgA nephropathy and non-IgA proliferative glomerulonephritis.
      Cases in which there were tubulointerstitial changes of the cortical area or
      arteriosclerosis in biopsy specimens and cases that included hypertension
      (greater than 140/90 mm Hg) or decreased renal function (glomerular filtration
      rate, less than 70 ml/min) were clearly associated with an unfavorable outcome in
      delivery. It was concluded that assessment of the advisability of pregnancy in
      nephritic women should be made on the basis of a combination of the clinical and
      histologic parameters.

PMID- 4061513
TI  - Histologic control of biochemical steroid receptor analysis in endometrial
      carcinomas.
AB  - Histologic review of 422 specimens from endometrial carcinoma submitted for
      biochemical cytosol estrogen and progesterone receptor analysis revealed that 16
      (4.0%) contained no evidence of carcinoma on permanent histologic sections. An
      additional 11 (2.5%) contained focal carcinomas on permanent sections but had no
      evidence of malignancy in frozen sections of the tissue submitted for receptor
      analyses. Despite the paucity or even absence of malignancy, many of these
      specimens had significant cytoplasmic estrogen and progesterone receptors derived
      from endometrial and myometrial tissues. Rigorous histologic control of specimens
      from endometrial carcinomas submitted for biochemical steroid receptor analyses
      is necessary to establish valid clinical and histologic associations of steroid
      receptor content.

PMID- 4061514
TI  - Progesterone receptors in human vaginal tissue.
AB  - Specific progesterone receptors were measured in both cytoplasmic and nuclear
      fractions of vaginal tissues obtained from 17 women between 33 and 53 years in
      age. Whereas nuclear receptors could be measured in 11 of 17 tissues examined,
      cytoplasmic receptors were detected in only four. The distribution of receptor
      positive tissues was similar in the follicular and luteal phases and no
      significant difference was observed in the nuclear receptor concentration in the
      two phases. The receptor concentration from all tissues examined ranged from 31
      to 105 pmol/mg of protein and the apparent dissociation constant was 1 to 2
      nmol/L. The presence of progesterone receptors in the nuclear fraction and their
      absence in the cytoplasm raise questions about the authenticity of the classical
      two-step model for steroid hormone action.

PMID- 4061515
TI  - Antepartum fetal monitoring in insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancies.
AB  - In order to minimize unexplained stillbirths in insulin-dependent diabetic
      pregnancies, fetal well-being was assessed by antepartum monitoring while
      development of pulmonary maturity was awaited. Antepartum monitoring consisted of
      outpatient nonstress tests beginning at 32 weeks' gestation. Fetuses with
      nonreactive nonstress tests were further evaluated by contraction stress tests
      and were delivered if tests were positive. With use of this system there were no
      unexplained stillbirths during management of 119 insulin-dependent diabetic
      pregnancies. Of 14 infants delivered because of positive contraction stress
      tests, six were found to have major disorders; the other eight had no major
      residual neonatal morbidity. Thus this system of antepartum fetal surveillance:
      eliminated unexplained stillbirths, identified a subgroup of insulin-dependent
      diabetic pregnancies with a high rate of major fetal abnormalities, and allowed
      for identification and subsequent timely delivery of the other distressed fetuses
      that were at a high risk of neonatal morbidity and/or mortality, such that
      potential long-term adverse outcomes were avoided.

PMID- 4061516
TI  - Improved laser techniques for the elimination of genital and extragenital warts.
AB  - Two series of patients with genital warts were compared for effectiveness of
      treatment by means of the carbon dioxide laser. In the earlier series (1977 to
      1981) laser vaporization was used to remove overt warts while surrounding normal
      skin was spared. Examination of anal, urethral, and other extragenital sites for
      possible involvement was done only when warts persisted or recurred. In the later
      series (1983 to 1985), patients were similarly treated by carbon dioxide laser
      techniques; however, two additional measures supplemented laser vaporization of
      gross condyloma acuminatum. The brush technique superficially coagulated skin and
      mucosal surfaces contiguous to warts. This methodology was hypothesized to
      eliminate subclinical human papillomavirus infection within normal-appearing
      epithelium. Compulsive examination and treatment of extragenital sites at the
      time of the initial laser surgical procedure eliminated the most likely locations
      for persistence or recurrence. The primary cure rate for the earlier series was
      65.8% compared to 91% for the later series. This difference was highly
      significant (p less than 0.005).

PMID- 4061517
TI  - Cytochrome P-450 activity in human leiomyoma and normal myometrium.
AB  - Variations in cytochrome P-450 levels may influence the responsiveness of uterine
      and breast tissue as well as carcinomas to endocrine therapy and may be of
      particular importance with agents such as tamoxifen (Nolvadex) where
      hydroxylation is known to alter therapeutic activities. Therefore, a sensitive
      spectrophotometric assay of cytochrome P-450 levels in reproductive tissue
      microsomes was developed to measure cyclohexane hydroxylase activity. Cyclohexane
      served as a substrate for several forms of cytochrome P-450. Human uterine
      leiomyomas (uterine fibroid tumor) contained significantly higher (p less than
      0.01) cytochrome P-450 activity than adjacent normal myometrium. Specific
      activities for both leiomyomas (2.87 +/- 0.26 nmol/min/mg) and normal myometrium
      (1.60 +/- 0.11 nmol/min/mg) were in the range of those observed for untreated
      rabbit liver microsomes (1 to 3 nmol/min/mg). The contribution of smooth muscle
      in the specimen, the phase of the menstrual cycle, and the clinical diagnosis did
      not influence the level of cytochrome P-450 activity.

PMID- 4061518
TI  - Is there a need for digital examination in patients with spontaneous rupture of
      the membranes?
AB  - A prospective comparison between digital and visual speculum examination was made
      in 133 pregnant patients. The coefficient correlation between the two
      examinations of effacement and dilation of the cervix was 0.74. The present
      results suggest that cervical evaluation by means of speculum examination in the
      assessment of pregnant patients with spontaneous rupture of membranes are
      adequate.

PMID- 4061519
TI  - Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome in pregnancy: two case studies.
AB  - Pregnancies in two patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, oculocutaneous
      albinism with hemorrhagic diathesis, are presented. Outcomes were good despite
      prior reports of postpartum hemorrhage in patients with this syndrome. This
      autosomal recessive disease is relatively common in parts of Puerto Rico.
      Suspected patients should be screened with platelet aggregation studies.

PMID- 4061520
TI  - Fetal subcutaneous scalp PO2 and abnormal heart rate during labor.
AB  - Intrapartum fetal heart rate and subcutaneous scalp PO2 were continuously
      measured with a combined electrocardiogram-PO2 needle electrode in 34 patients.
      The incidence of fetal heart rate abnormalities increased significantly with
      decreasing subcutaneous PO2, from 0.8% of the 10-minute periods in which
      subcutaneous PO2 was greater than or equal to 25 mm Hg to 53% of the periods in
      which subcutaneous PO2 was less than 10 mm Hg.

PMID- 4061521
TI  - Fetal acoustic stimulation testing: a retrospective experience with the fetal
      acoustic stimulation test.
AB  - The nonstress test is of accepted value in the surveillance of high-risk
      pregnancies. In order to improve the efficiency of testing, the authors
      retrospectively evaluated the adjunctive use of acoustic stimulation testing (FAS
      TEST) in 1241 patients who underwent 3464 antepartum fetal heart rate tests. The
      results were compared to those in the previous 6 months during which time 1307
      patients underwent 3573 nonstress tests. The frequency of nonreactive tests was
      12.6% in the nonstress test group and 6.1% in those patients who underwent the
      FAS-TEST. The antepartum fetal death rates were not significantly different when
      the two groups were compared. The FAS-TEST decreases the percentage of
      nonreactive tests in a high-risk population and, as a consequence, may reduce the
      testing time.

PMID- 4061522
TI  - Electronic fetal monitor paced by maternal implanted pacemaker.
AB  - An implanted maternal pacemaker was found to produce a stronger fetal scalp
      signal than did the fetal R wave, thus causing the fetal electronic intrapartum
      monitor to record maternal heart rate. The newborn infant was healthy and well.

PMID- 4061523
TI  - Thrombosis due to permanent pacemaker and oral contraceptives.
AB  - Upper-extremity deep venous thrombosis, an uncommon complication of oral
      contraceptive therapy, has not been described in patients with permanent
      pacemakers. The following case, clearly related to initiation of oral
      contraceptive therapy, points out perhaps another small but significant patient
      population in which this method of birth control is contraindicated.

PMID- 4061524
TI  - Effect of calcium supplementation on the vascular sensitivity to angiotensin II
      in pregnant women.
AB  - Pregnant women destined to develop pregnancy-induced hypertension lose
      refractoriness to the pressor effects of infused angiotensin II. The effect of
      calcium supplementation on the vascular sensitivity to angiotensin II was
      investigated in pregnant women. We administered orally 600 mg of calcium L
      aspartate daily to 22 pregnant women from 20 weeks of gestation to delivery. The
      values for the effective pressor dose of angiotensin II in the calcium
      supplemented women were compared with those in 72 nonsupplemented pregnant women.
      The vascular sensitivity was significantly decreased after calcium
      supplementation. The values for the effective pressor dose of angiotensin II in
      the calcium-supplemented patients were 18.1 +/- 1.2 ng/kg/min at 20 weeks of
      gestation, 32.2 +/- 2.6 ng/kg/min at the twenty-sixth week, 41.1 +/- 3.4
      ng/kg/min at the thirtieth week, and 25.9 +/- 2.9 ng/kg/min at the thirty-sixth
      week (mean +/- SEM), while those in the nonsupplemented patients were 17.3 +/-
      1.2, 17.7 +/- 1.6, 17.6 +/- 1.2, and 15.0 +/- 1.6 ng/kg/min, respectively.
      Assessment of the changes in the effective pressor dose of angiotensin II in the
      individual patients indicated that the percentile changes from 20 weeks of
      gestation in the calcium-supplemented patients were also significantly greater
      than those in 22 nonsupplemented patients. These findings suggest that calcium
      supplementation tends to reduce the vascular sensitivity in pregnancy. The
      present dosage of calcium did not affect the blood chemical parameters and did
      not reduce the blood pressure. The incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension in
      the calcium-supplemented patients was 4.5%, which was smaller than that (21.2%)
      in the nonsupplemented patients. Although there is no clear explanation of the
      mechanisms involved in such an effect of calcium, the present results do provide
      evidence to support the idea that oral calcium intake can prevent the onset of
      pregnancy-induced hypertension.

PMID- 4061525
TI  - Relief of pain in first-trimester abortion.

PMID- 4061526
TI  - Cephalic replacement for shoulder dystocia.

PMID- 4061527
TI  - Myotonic muscular dystrophy associated with ritodrine tocolysis.

PMID- 4061528
TI  - Meconium aspiration syndrome.

PMID- 4061529
TI  - The use of national board scores in selecting residents for obstetrics and
      gynecology.
AB  - The performance of 29 residents in obstetrics and gynecology on parts 1 and 2 of
      the national board examinations, which they had taken to graduate from medical
      school, was compared to their performance on the Council on Resident Education in
      Obstetrics and Gynecology in-training examination taken during the third year of
      residency. There was a statistically significant correlation between results of
      part 1 of the national board and results of the Council on Resident Education
      examination (r = 0.45, p less than 0.05) and between part 2 of the national board
      and results of the Council on Resident Education examination (r = 0.67, p less
      than 0.001). Those scoring "low" (less than fiftieth percentile) on the Council
      on Resident Education test all had scores less than 500 on part 2 of the national
      board, whereas those scoring "high" on the Council on Resident Education test
      (greater than ninetieth percentile) scored about 600 or higher on part 2 of the
      national board. These data suggest that results of part 2 of the national board
      can be useful in the resident selection process and that the performance of
      residents on in-training examinations relates more to resident selection than to
      the residency educational programs.

PMID- 4061531
TI  - Antepartum nonstress fetal heart rate monitoring: systematic analysis of baseline
      patterns and decelerations as an adjunct to reactivity in the prediction of fetal
      risks.
AB  - A total of 1552 antepartum nonstress tests performed during the week before
      delivery are analyzed with respect to both reactivity and the presence of
      pathologic baseline patterns (tachycardia, bradycardia, diminished beat-to-beat
      variability) or decelerations. Correlation with mode of delivery and condition of
      the newborn infant shows that, irrespective of nonstress test reactivity, the
      presence of baseline anomalies and/or decelerations is associated with
      significantly increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. Nonstress test
      analysis, if systematic, that is, not restricted to reactivity alone, makes it
      possible to better detect fetuses at high perinatal risk, in which case closer
      surveillance would be indicated.

PMID- 4061530
TI  - A prospective trial of the fetal biophysical profile versus the nonstress test in
      the management of high-risk pregnancies.
AB  - A randomized prospective trial study was developed to determine the diagnostic
      value of the fetal biophysical profile in relationship to the nonstress test. The
      diagnostic values of these tests were assessed in terms of the incidence of
      abnormal outcome. In addition comparisons between the positive and negative
      predictive values of each of these tests as well as the sensitivity and
      specificities of the test were reviewed. A total of 652 patients were entered
      into the study and a total of 1628 tests were performed. Of the group 279
      pregnancies were managed by a biophysical profile protocol and 373 by the
      nonstress test protocol. Results of this study suggest that except for the
      negative predictive value in the sensitivities in the outcome parameters of low 5
      minute Apgar scores the diagnostic values for all outcome parameters were
      consistently higher in the fetal biophysical profile as opposed to the nonstress
      test group. While higher, only two of the values, positive predictive value of
      overall abnormal outcome and negative predictive value of small for gestational
      age infants, were statistically significant. While this general trend suggests
      that the biophysical profile is more predictive in diagnosing fetal condition
      than the nonstress test, because statistical significance was not reached in all
      parameters further study is warranted.

PMID- 4061532
TI  - Return of ovulation after evacuation of hydatidiform moles.
AB  - Plasma levels of progesterone, 17 beta-estradiol and prolactin and serum levels
      of the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin were measured by
      radioimmunoassay before evacuation and then weekly after evacuation in 52
      patients with complete moles and 15 patients with partial moles. The first
      menstrual cycle was ovulatory in 20 patients (29.9%) and anovulatory in 36
      patients (53.7%). In 11 patients (16.4%) it was uncertain whether they ovulated
      in the first cycle. There was no difference in the ovulation rate between
      patients with complete moles and those with partial moles. The ovulation rate in
      patients with theca-lutein cysts was lower than that in patients without theca
      lutein cysts. The preevacuation serum level of the beta-subunit of human
      chorionic gonadotropin in patients who ovulated in the first cycle was
      significantly lower than that in patients who did not ovulate, but there was no
      significant difference in the other hormones. By the sixth week, 12 patients
      already had the first ovulatory menstrual period and 40% of patients ovulated
      when the serum level of the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin was
      still above 10 mlU/ml. It is recommended that an effective method of
      contraception be instituted immediately after evacuation of hydatidiform moles.

PMID- 4061533
TI  - The association of subclinical infection with preterm labor: the role of C
      reactive protein.
AB  - The role of subclinical intrauterine infection in preterm labor was evaluated
      prospectively in 40 patients and appropriate control subjects. The 24 preterm
      labor patients (60%) with a negative C-reactive protein value responded to
      tocolysis 95.8% of the time, with a mean delay of delivery of 35.5 days and a
      mean gestational age of 36.9 weeks. The 16 patients (40%) with a positive C
      reactive protein value responded to tocolysis only 37.5% of the time, with a mean
      delay of delivery of 14.4 days and a mean gestational age of 33.2 weeks.
      Pathologic evidence of chorioamnionitis was present in 32.9% of 310 preterm
      deliveries as compared to only 22.3% of 1631 term deliveries. The presence of
      subclinical infection must be considered in cases of preterm labor, especially
      among patients for whom tocolytic therapy is unsuccessful.

PMID- 4061534
TI  - Capnocytophaga in the amniotic fluid of a woman in preterm labor with intact
      membranes.
AB  - Chorioamnionitis is thought to be uncommon with intact fetal membranes. A case is
      reported of a woman in preterm labor with intact membranes from whose amniotic
      fluid, placenta, and infant's gastric aspirate an unusual organism,
      Capnocytophaga, was identified. The findings are discussed.

PMID- 4061535
TI  - Glycosylated hemoglobin concentration in early gestation associated with neonatal
      outcome.
AB  - Previous studies have indicated an association of fetal macrosomia with mild
      degrees of glucose intolerance in late pregnancy. To determine whether
      glycosylated hemoglobin concentration in early gestation was related to fetal
      outcome, 48 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance and 21 women with
      gestational diabetes were studied. Glycosylated hemoglobin concentration was
      determined by a specific aminophenylboronic acid assay, and mean glycosylated
      hemoglobin concentration was calculated from two or three determinations before
      17 weeks' gestation. The incidence of infants large for gestational age was 10%
      in nondiabetic women with glycosylated hemoglobin concentration of less than
      6.0%. With glycosylated hemoglobin concentration of 6.0% to 6.9%, the incidence
      of infants who were large for gestational age was increased in both nondiabetic
      women (75%, p less than 0.01) and diabetic women (40%, p less than 0.01). With
      glycosylated hemoglobin concentration of greater than 7.0%, 36% of infants of
      diabetic women were large for gestational age. The incidence of
      hyperbilirubinemia was 2.5% in the infants of nondiabetic women with glycosylated
      hemoglobin concentration of 6.0%. With glycosylated hemoglobin concentration of
      6.0% to 6.9%, hyperbilirubinemia was increased in both the infants of nondiabetic
      women (38%, p less than 0.01) and diabetic women (30%, p less than 0.01). With
      glycosylated hemoglobin concentration of greater than 7.0%, hyperbilirubinemia
      was present in 27% of infants of diabetic mothers. The current study suggests
      that glycosylated hemoglobin concentration elevation in early gestation is
      associated with perinatal morbidity.

PMID- 4061536
TI  - Magnesium homeostasis following chemotherapy with cisplatin: a prospective study.
AB  - Retrospective studies suggest that cisplatin chemotherapy regularly leads to
      hypomagnesemia and occasionally hypocalcemia. The hypomagnesemia has been
      attributed to renal magnesium wasting. We examined prospectively the incidence of
      hypomagnesemia, magnesuria, and hypocalcemia in 17 patients receiving
      chemotherapy with cisplatin. Hypomagnesemia was found in 53% to 88% of patients,
      depending on the definition of hypomagnesemia. All displayed inappropriate renal
      excretion of magnesium. Hypocalcemia occurred in one of the 17 prospectively
      studied patients (5.8%) and in three additional retrospective patients.
      Hypocalcemic patients demonstrated lower serum magnesium values, higher
      fractional magnesium excretion, and evidence for reduced intestinal magnesium
      absorption. We conclude that hypomagnesemia, renal magnesium wasting, and
      hypocalcemia occur frequently among patients receiving cisplatin. Hypocalcemia
      occurs in those patients who have the severest renal magnesium wasting, the
      severest hypomagnesemia, and inadequate intestinal magnesium absorption.

PMID- 4061537
TI  - Acute abdominal condition caused by retrograde bleeding in a postmenopausal
      patient on estrogen-progestogen therapy.
AB  - Retrograde blood flow in menstruating women has been described recently. The
      acute event seems to be asymptomatic. Reported here is a case of an acute
      abdominal condition due to cervical obstruction and retrograde bleeding in a
      postmenopausal patient treated with estrogen-progestogen therapy.

PMID- 4061538
TI  - Embryo toxicity of clomiphene citrate on mouse embryos fertilized in vitro and in
      vivo.
AB  - The effect of the ovulatory agent clomiphene citrate on fertilization and early
      embryogenesis was investigated with the use of in vitro fertilized mouse oocytes.
      Alterations in early embryogenesis with clomiphene citrate exposure were further
      studied with the use of embryos obtained from mouse oocytes fertilized in vivo.
      In the nontreated group, the fertilization rate was 81%, and 61% of the oocytes
      reached the blastocyst stage by 96 hours. Both fertilization and blastocyst
      formation declined in a dose-dependent fashion when clomiphene citrate was added
      to the culture media in concentrations greater than or equal to 10 micrograms/ml
      (p less than 0.001). The rate of progressive embryo cleavage was also slower at
      48 and 72 hours after drug exposure. Mouse embryos fertilized in vivo
      demonstrated similar findings, with decreased blastocyst formation and increased
      degeneration rates, again at clomiphene citrate concentrations greater than or
      equal to 10 micrograms/ml (p less than 0.01). Exposure to the drug beyond 24
      hours had no additional effect. It appears that clomiphene citrate-exposed
      embryos may undergo subtle changes that later manifest themselves in the form of
      decreased embryo growth rates and increased embryo degeneration rates.

PMID- 4061539
TI  - Experimentally produced sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern in the chronically
      instrumented fetal lamb.
AB  - A sinusoidal fetal heart rate and elevated fetal arginine vasopressin levels were
      found in two bled fetal lambs. Arginine vasopressin was continuously infused
      intravenously in chronically instrumented fetal lambs at rates ranging between
      1.0 and 90 mlU/kg/min. No sinusoidal heart rate occurred in 21 experiments on six
      control animals with intact vagal nerves. Atropine at doses less than 0.4 mg had
      no effect (six experiments on three animals). Higher doses of atropine (greater
      than 1.2 mg) resulted in sinusoidal heart rate (24 experiments on six animals).
      Twenty-three infusions were performed in five bilaterally vagotomized fetuses,
      and the sinusoidal heart rate was successfully induced in 17 experiments. The
      arginine vasopressin infusion rate was less than 1.5 mlU/kg/min on the six
      occasions in which the sinusoidal heart rate did not appear. All sinusoidal heart
      rate patterns were associated with fluctuation of fetal arterial pressure at the
      same frequency. There was a linear correlation between the amplitude of
      sinusoidal heart rate and magnitude of arterial blood pressure fluctuation. The
      amplitude of sinusoidal heart rate increased with the concentration of arginine
      vasopressin infused. Modification of sinusoidal heart rate pattern was attempted
      with use of sympathetic agonists and antagonists. The possible etiology and
      mechanisms of sinusoidal heart rate pattern are discussed.

PMID- 4061540
TI  - Effect of hydatidiform molar vesicular fluid on blood coagulation.
AB  - The effect of fluids from both complete and partial hydatidiform moles on blood
      coagulation was determined. Coagulation was evaluated with use of the one-stage
      prothrombin time and the activated partial thromboplastin time. These studies
      demonstrated that the fluids shortened the activated partial thromboplastin time
      but not the prothrombin time. The use of plasmas deficient in factors V, VIII,
      IX, and X as substrate showed that the fluids shortened the activated partial
      thromboplastin time in the presence of plasmas deficient in factors VIII and IX
      but had no effect on the activated partial thromboplastin time in the presence of
      plasmas deficient in factors V and X. These data suggest that hydatidiform mole
      fluids possess procoagulant activity and that the activation of blood coagulation
      takes place at the level of factor X. These findings may have relevance to the
      placental and decidual focal necrosis seen in molar pregnancies, especially those
      of the complete variety.

PMID- 4061541
TI  - Significance of sporadic heart rate deceleration during a nonstress test.

PMID- 4061542
TI  - Effects of hypertension in pregnancy on neurological maturation in neonates.

PMID- 4061543
TI  - Fetal and neonatal effects of indomethacin used as a tocolytic agent.

PMID- 4061544
TI  - Fine-needle aspirates of uveal melanomas and prognosis.
AB  - The computer-assisted measurement of the standard deviation of the nucleolar area
      from pathologic slides of uveal melanomas correlates strongly with prognosis, but
      the eye must be removed and examined histologically. Because it is possible to
      perform fine-needle aspiration biopsies of intraocular tumors, we designed a
      study to determine if a fine-needle aspiration biopsy sample yields the same
      prognostic information as the enucleation specimen. In comparing the standard
      deviation of the nucleolar area measured from a fine-needle aspiration biopsy
      sample obtained from 53 freshly enucleated eyes with the standard deviation of
      the nucleolar area measured from the matched enucleation specimen, we found only
      a modest correlation (r = 0.57) between the two measurements. A t-test of matched
      pairs indicated a significant difference between the two measurements (P less
      than .01). The fine-needle aspiration biopsy technique does not yield the same
      prognostic information as the larger enucleation specimen because fine-needle
      aspiration biopsy material may not be representative of the tumor.

PMID- 4061546
TI  - Hepatic metastasis and orbital recurrence of uveal melanoma after 42 years.
AB  - A 70-year-old woman who had undergone enucleation of the left eye at the age of
      28 years because of complications from an injury to the globe, and in whom a
      previously unsuspected posterior uveal melanoma was detected after enucleation,
      had no further problems until 42 years later, when she was discovered to have a
      liver malignancy of undetermined origin. After six months of chemotherapy, the
      patient developed a mass in the anophthalmic left orbit. Biopsy of the orbital
      mass disclosed malignant melanoma, and reexamination of the liver biopsy specimen
      disclosed similar malignant melanoma cells. The patient had no clinical evidence
      of a primary melanoma other than the one involving the eye. It is possible that
      the patient had subclinical melanoma cells in the liver for 40 years. However,
      another possibility is that the patient had residual melanoma cells in the orbit
      which eventually metastasized to the liver.

PMID- 4061545
TI  - Correlation of visual field, treatment fields, and dose in helium ion irradiation
      of uveal melanoma.
AB  - We correlated predicted radiation distributions in 29 patients with uveal
      melanoma (treated with 5,000 to 8,000 rads of helium ion therapy) with fundus
      photography and visual field deficits. The tumor was entirely within the
      treatment region in all patients. The fraction of the predicted high-dose and low
      dose regions corresponding with an absolute scotoma was fitted by a linear
      regression model (r2 = .721) with three independent variables: dose region,
      initial condition, and time since therapy. The defect in the maximum-dose region
      increased at an average rate of 0.270/year. This differed (P = .002) from the
      rate in the penumbra region: (0.104/year). The rate in the penumbra differed (P =
      .01) from that in the predicted low-dose region, where scotoma did not increase
      with time. The pattern and time course of visual field loss in the different
      radiation dose regions tended to support the conclusion that isodose calculations
      are accurate. The data were consistent with the hypothesis that visual loss
      secondary to irradiation results primarily from radiation vasculopathy and not
      from direct damage to photoreceptors or ganglion cells. Development of an
      absolute scotoma may require a dose in excess of 5,000 rads.

PMID- 4061547
TI  - The effects of pre-enucleation irradiation on the development of metastases from
      intraocular Greene melanoma in hamsters.
AB  - Using intraocular Greene melanoma in a hamster model, we studied the effect of
      pre-enucleation irradiation on the development of melanoma metastases. One group
      (No. = 111) was treated with 1,210 to 1,600 rads of cobaltous chloride Co 60
      gamma irradiation before enucleation and the second group (No. = 100) received no
      irradiation. The groups did not differ with respect to presence of metastases in
      the 106 days after tumor implantation (chi 2 = 3.05; P = .08). However, Kaplan
      Meier survival curves gave a longer time to melanoma-related death in the
      irradiated animals compared with the controls (log rank test, P = .0008).

PMID- 4061548
TI  - Differentiation of adenoma of the iris pigment epithelium from iris cyst and
      melanoma.
AB  - A 32-year-old black man had a deeply pigmented anterior uveal lesion that was
      indenting and subluxing the lens. The mass was successfully removed by a sector
      iridectomy and diagnosed histologically as an adenoma of the iris pigment
      epithelium. Although this rare tumor is sometimes misdiagnosed clinically as a
      malignant melanoma or iris cyst, it has distinctive clinical features which
      should differentiate it from these other entities.

PMID- 4061549
TI  - Color vision deficiencies in two cases of digoxin toxicity.
AB  - Color vision deficiencies are a common sign of digoxin intoxication and color
      vision testing can be used to diagnose digoxin toxicity. We tested two patients,
      a 79-year-old man and a 61-year-old man, with digoxin toxicity by means of the
      Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test, AOH-R-R plates, and Ishihara plates. Initial
      testing disclosed both red-green and blue-yellow color vision deficiencies. These
      improved when digoxin levels diminished. The deficiencies were superimposed on
      preexisting acquired and congenital deficits. As serum digoxin levels decreased,
      the color vision deficiencies lessened on all three tests. The Farnsworth-Munsell
      100-hue test gave the best quantifiable measure of color vision deficiencies, but
      proved difficult to use for routine bedside testing.

PMID- 4061550
TI  - Age-related changes in the ultrastructure of Bruch's membrane.
AB  - An ultrastructural study of Bruch's membrane in 68 human eyes including at least
      five individuals from each of ten decades of life showed that changes began in
      the second decade in macular specimens but were delayed in nonmacular specimens.
      All specimens from 20-year-old donors had altered macular Bruch's membranes. The
      severity of changes increased with age. The most common change for all ages was
      debris on both sides of the elastic layer. Drusen sites often showed no debris in
      the underlying outer collagenous zone, suggesting that drusen may result from
      failure of dispersal of the accumulated material at these sites. Secretion by
      pigment epithelium of a "linear basal deposit" is a late (after the age of 50
      years) change.

PMID- 4061551
TI  - Diagnosis and pathogenesis of retinal pigment epithelial tears.
AB  - Ten cases of retinal pigment epithelial tears were observed in eight patients
      with serous pigment epithelial detachments associated with age-related macular
      degeneration. Eight of the ten tears were spontaneous and all occurred at the
      detachment margin. The resulting area of exposed choroid was sometimes initially
      mistaken for pigment epithelial atrophy. In two cases it was misdiagnosed as
      choroidal neovascularization and treated with laser photocoagulation. All but two
      patients suffered severe visual loss.

PMID- 4061552
TI  - Glare measurements before and after neodymium-YAG laser posterior capsulotomy.
AB  - We measured glare produced by opacified posterior capsules before and after
      neodymium-YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. In many eyes, particularly those with
      visual acuities of 20/200 or worse, glare threshold could not be determined. In
      32 eyes with measurable preoperative glare, the median glare threshold improved
      from 45% to 12% and median visual acuity improved from 20/60 to 20/25. For 56
      eyes the median postoperative glare threshold was also 12% and the median visual
      acuity improved from 20/80 to 20/25. Forty eyes achieved postoperative visual
      acuities of 20/25 or better, but in 16 eyes other ocular conditions limited
      visual acuity to 20/30 or worse. Glare and visual acuity were correlated
      preoperatively and usually improved concomitantly. One patient in whom wrinkles
      in a clear capsule produced streaks around bright lights had a glare threshold
      lower than other types of opacities. Capsulotomy improved the glare threshold and
      relieved the symptoms.

PMID- 4061553
TI  - Long-term visual acuity results after penetrating and perforating ocular
      injuries.
AB  - Of 33 consecutive patients (30 males and three females, ranging in age from 5 to
      48 years) with penetrating ocular injuries, 13 had retained metallic intraocular
      foreign bodies. The remaining 20 had no retained foreign bodies and their
      injuries were generally more severe lacerating or double perforating injuries.
      Magnet extraction was used for foreign body extraction when possible, and pars
      plana posterior vitrectomy was used only for late complications. The long-term
      visual acuity results indicated that wound repair, conventional magnet
      extraction, and removal of traumatic cataract and anterior vitreous blood through
      a limbal incision is still a viable treatment for many such injuries.

PMID- 4061554
TI  - Calcofluor and ink-potassium hydroxide preparations for identifying fungi.
AB  - Calcofluor and ink-potassium hydroxide preparations identified Fusarium solani,
      Aspergillus fumigatus, and Candida albicans, the three most common ocular fungal
      pathogens, in scrapings, biopsy specimens, and tissue sections of corneal mycotic
      infections in rabbits. These stains also identified fungal organisms in specimens
      from four human patients with keratomycoses. Neither procedure requires more than
      a few minutes to perform or extensive training or experience to interpret. The
      specimen stained with calcofluor can be examined immediately, but may not
      identify all fungi. The more sensitive ink-potassium hydroxide preparation should
      be examined after 18 to 24 hours, and is less likely to provide false-positive
      results than the calcofluor method.

PMID- 4061555
TI  - Ectopic epibulbar Fordyce nodules in a buccal mucous membrane graft.
AB  - A 70-year-old man underwent oral mucous membrane grafts to the right eye for
      presumed trachoma at the ages 26 and 32 years. A superior limbic mass within the
      site of the graft was found in 1983; the mass was composed of mature sebaceous
      glands compatible with the lesions called Fordyce nodules when located in the
      buccal mucosa. Recession of the levator aponeurosis and partial excision of the
      mass restored the upper eyelid's normal position, and visual acuity in this eye
      improved from 20/300 to 20/40.

PMID- 4061556
TI  - The role of aminocaproic acid in lacrimal surgery in dyskeratosis congenita.
AB  - A 14-year-old boy with bilateral epiphora since birth had absent lacrimal puncta,
      oral leukoplakia, agenesis of the nails, cutaneous dyschromia, and pancytopenia,
      findings noted in the rare syndrome of dyskeratosis congenita. Bilateral
      conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy was complicated by persistent hemorrhage despite
      preoperative platelet transfusion. The hemorrhage was controlled by
      administration of an antifibrinolytic agent, aminocaproic acid. Lacrimal
      excretory anomalies may be the initial manifestation of a serious systemic
      disorder, dyskeratosis congenita. Surgical management in this disorder should
      include appropriate hematologic support.

PMID- 4061558
TI  - Refereeing clinical research papers for statistical content.

PMID- 4061557
TI  - Peters' anomaly in association with ring 21 chromosomal abnormality.
AB  - A white boy, born at the gestational age of 39 weeks, had Peters' anomaly in
      association with a ring 21 chromosomal abnormality. Dysmorphic features included
      low-set ears, hypoplastic mandible, delicate, dry skin, narrow arched palate,
      wide spaced nipples and hypotonia. He also had a cloudy right cornea. Chromosomal
      analysis disclosed a ring 21 defect. The cornea had a paracentral white opacity
      with a loss of posterior stroma and no adherence of the iris to the leukoma.
      Intraocular pressure, the lens, and the posterior pole were normal.

PMID- 4061559
TI  - Yoga in glaucoma.

PMID- 4061560
TI  - Demonstration of scotoma on an Amsler grid examination.

PMID- 4061561
TI  - Muscle inclusion cyst as a complication of strabismus surgery.

PMID- 4061562
TI  - Keratorefractive surgery with the excimer laser.

PMID- 4061563
TI  - Unilateral esotropia after enucleation in infancy.

PMID- 4061564
TI  - Hematologic reactions to carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

PMID- 4061566
TI  - Acute colitis produced by chemotactic peptides in rats and mice.
AB  - Colonic inflammation was produced in rats and mice by peptides chemotactic for
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Instillation of formylmethionyl-leucyl
      phenylalanine (FMLP) and formylnorleucyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FNLP) into
      isolated segments of rat colon caused marked mucosal edema and polymorphonuclear
      leukocyte infiltration within 2 hours. Higher concentrations of FNLP caused
      ulceration and necrosis as well. Formylmethionine (FMet), a compound with less
      chemotactic activity, caused much less inflammation. In mice, rectal instillation
      of FNLP caused dose-dependent acute mucosal inflammation which persisted for
      longer than 12 hours. Twice-weekly rectal instillation of FNLP provided a model
      of colitis based on neutrophil chemotaxis.

PMID- 4061565
TI  - Neoplastic disorganization of pancreatic epithelial cell-cell relations. Role of
      basement membrane.
AB  - The authors have analyzed the structural relations of a nonmetastatic rat
      pancreatic acinar carcinoma and contrasted them with those of normal exocrine
      pancreas in order to better define the role of basement membrane (BM) in early
      stages of neoplastic disorganization. These studies showed that normal acinar
      cells rested on continuous BM (containing laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan,
      and Type IV and V collagens) and displayed a polarized distribution of
      intracellular organelles, cytoskeletal assemblies (concentration of actin within
      terminal web), and distinct membrane domains (apical leucine aminopeptidase). In
      contrast, the parenchyma of the pancreatic acinar carcinoma was free of all BM
      components except for a discontinuous array of laminin. In these regions, acinar
      tumor cells appeared randomly oriented, displayed actin in uniform cortical
      distributions, and lost membrane polarity. However, when tumor cells contacted
      mesenchymally derived connective tissue along tumor capsule and vascular
      adventitia, they accumulated intact BM and reoriented in a manner reminiscent of
      normal pancreas. Tumor cell reorganization was observed in the absence of
      formation of full junctional complexes or normally polarized membrane domains,
      although leucine aminopeptidase appeared to be excluded from regions of tumor
      cell surfaces that were in direct contact with BM. The loss of normal epithelial
      cell-cell arrangements that is the hallmark of early stages of tumor formation
      could therefore result from failure to match increases in cell number with
      commensurate BM extension.

PMID- 4061567
TI  - Lipid deposition in human tendon xanthoma.
AB  - Tendon xanthomas often accompany the rapidly progressive atherosclerosis that
      develops in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. This report describes
      lipid accumulation, as studied histochemically, in an Achilles tendon xanthoma
      from a patient whose death was secondary to complications of familial
      hypercholesterolemia. Lipid was stained with oil red O and filipin dyes for
      detection of esterified and unesterified cholesterol, respectively. As in human
      atherosclerosis, unesterified cholesterol accumulated in the tendon predominantly
      in the extracellular space but separately from oil-red-O-stained lipid that
      accumulated both intra- and extracellularly. Deposition of unesterified
      cholesterol in human atherosclerotic lesions and tendon xanthomas is an
      interesting but as yet unexplained phenomenon.

PMID- 4061568
TI  - Human uterine endometrium and endometriotic tissue transplanted into nude mice.
      Morphologic effects of various steroid hormones.
AB  - In a study of the morphologic effects of various steroid hormones on human
      uterine endometrium and endometriotic tissue, specimens from 6 women were
      transplanted subcutaneously into 24 nude mice. In each case, specimens collected
      simultaneously were transplanted to 4 mice, endometrium to one lateral abdominal
      wall and endometriotic tissue to the other. All mice were given polyestradiol
      phosphate subcutaneously the first day after operation. After a 2-week interval,
      of each 4 mice, 1 mouse was given polyestradiol phosphate, 1 medroxyprogesterone
      acetate, 1 danazol, and 1 no further injections. This treatment continued for 8
      weeks, after which the mice were killed and the grafts extirpated. Histologic
      changes in the grafts varied according to the treatment schedule but were very
      similar in both types of tissue. Our findings suggest that histologic differences
      between endometrium and endometriotic tissue seen under natural conditions may,
      at least partly, be due to variations in environmental factors.

PMID- 4061569
TI  - Stimulation of equine eosinophil migration by hydroxyacid metabolites of
      arachidonic acid.
AB  - Lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid are important mediators of
      inflammation, affecting several aspects of cell function.
      Monohydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (mono-HETE) and 5,12-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic
      acid (LTB4) enhance migration of both neutrophils and eosinophils in several
      species. The relative ability of positional isomers of HETE and of LTB4 to affect
      migration of equine eosinophils was studied. The 5, 8, 9, 11, 12, and 15 isomers
      of HETE were prepared by autooxidation of arachidonic acid, separated by
      sequential normal phase and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography,
      and their identities verified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Equine
      eosinophils were isolated to 30-70% purity on discontinuous metrizamide
      gradients. All isomers of HETE stimulated directed migration (chemotaxis) at
      concentrations ranging from 10(-5) to 10(-8) M. The relative activities of
      isomers were 11 greater than 9 = 8 = 5 greater than 12 greater than 15. The
      dihydroxy acid LTB4 maximally stimulated chemotaxis of equine eosinophils at a
      concentration of 3 X 10(-7) M. The eosinophil migration that resulted was less
      than the maximal stimulation observed in response to isomers of HETE. The results
      of our study suggest that equine eosinophils are excellent indicator cells for
      assay of arachidonic acid metabolites with chemotactic activity. Equine
      eosinophils are more sensitive to chemotactic stimulation by HETEs than cells
      from other animal species but are far less sensitive to stimulation by LTB4.

PMID- 4061570
TI  - Passive joint mobility in patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas): rehabilitation of
      caged animals after release into a free-ranging environment.
AB  - A previous study of passive joint mobility in patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas)
      showed that laboratory-caged animals had significantly greater mobility in most
      joints than age/sex matched free-ranging monkeys. Passive joint mobility on 27 of
      the same animals was measured 6 months after the caged animals were released onto
      a 40-hectare island. The results show that within 6 months of becoming free
      ranging, typical passive joint mobility is restored. Thus, although caging
      directly affects measurements of morphologically-determined features in patas
      monkeys, confinement itself does not necessarily prevent rehabilitation if the
      immature monkeys are released into a free-ranging environment.

PMID- 4061571
TI  - Principal-components analysis of Brazilian Indian anthropometric data.
AB  - Analysis of nine characteristics on 1,205 males and 932 females from 12 tribes or
      groups of tribes indicated a poor relationship between morphology and language,
      as well as moderate agreement with the variability expected considering geography
      only. Two samples in the Xingu area studied during an interval of half a century
      (1897-1947) showed remarkable similarity. The conformity of the Caingang
      morphology with those of other tribes and the distinctiveness of the Xavante and
      Tenetehara has been amply confirmed.

PMID- 4061572
TI  - Morphologic characteristics of the Alaskan Eskimo dentition: IV. Cusp number and
      groove patterns of mandibular molars.
AB  - Data on the permanent dentition of 63 coastal and 33 inland Alaskan Eskimos are
      presented. The number of cusps and groove pattern of the mandibular molars were
      recorded. Agenesis of the mandibular third molars was classified and the
      mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameter was measured on the first and the
      second mandibular molars. The predominant pattern of the lower first molars was
      Y5, while for the second molar the dominating patterns were +5 and +4. In the
      lower third molar, +5 was found in the majority of cases. For M1 and M2, men
      showed a stronger tendency toward a conservative pattern than did women. In the
      case of M2, the inland population exhibited a more conservative trait than did
      the coastal population. No connection was seen between the groove pattern and
      agenesis of M3, however, a reduction in the mesiodistal crown diameter for the
      second molars was seen when the number of cusps is reduced from 5 to 4.

PMID- 4061573
TI  - Torus palatinus in Icelandic schoolchildren.
AB  - Three populations in South- and North-Thingeyjarsyslas, Northeast Iceland, were
      surveyed for the presence of torus palatinus. A total of 987 schoolchildren (489
      male and 487 female) were examined. A statistically significant difference was
      noted between the prevalence in South-Thingeyjarsysla (33.3%) and North
      Thingeyjarsysla (14.6%). Prevalence and size were affected by age and population
      but not by sex. An association between torus palatinus and torus mandibularis was
      not found. Secular changes in the occurrence of torus palatinus in Icelanders
      emphasize the importance of environmental etiological factors and diminish the
      value of torus palatinus as a racial trait.

PMID- 4061574
TI  - Anatomical and microscopic study of the volar dermal ridges of the rat (Rattus
      norvegicus).
AB  - The epidermal ridges of the rat (Rattus norvegicus), which are distributed only
      on the volar pads and digital apices, were studied. Examination of the ridges was
      difficult on the epidermal surface, as the undulations expressed on the epidermis
      are weak. Therefore, the dermal surface, prepared by alkaline solution treatment,
      was inspected by scanning electron microscopy and staining with toluidine blue.
      The dermis of the pads and digital apices is composed of ridged and rippled
      areas. The ridged area, where sweat ducts are distributed, is constructed of
      grooves and ramparts. Frequently, the sweat duct is surrounded by a dermal
      collar, and the groove is separated by a dermal partition. The grooves and
      ramparts display dermatoglyphic configurations, such as whorls, loops, cusps,
      triradii, and some other patterns, which are peculiar to each pad and digital
      apex and comparable to dermatoglyphic patterns of man and other primates.

PMID- 4061575
TI  - Bone measurement by enhanced contrast image analysis: ovariectomized and intact
      Macaca fascicularis as a model for human postmenopausal osteoporosis.
AB  - This paper presents an image enhancement and analysis system (DARWIN) based on an
      inexpensive microcomputer and applies the system to two bone morphometry problems
      relevant to postmenopausal osteoporosis. Using ovariectomized and intact female
      Macaca fascicularis as a model, we examined the radiodensity of the sixth lumbar
      vertebra and the cross-section area of the right femur. Significantly lower bone
      density was observed in the vertebral segments of the ovariectomized animals. No
      significant differences were observed in comparisons of the femoral cross
      sections. The reduction in radiographic density of the ovariectomized animals'
      vertebrae is similar to that observed in postmenopausal women, supporting the use
      of female cynomolgus macaques as models of bone loss in postmenopausal
      osteoporosis.

PMID- 4061576
TI  - Aging in the musculoskeletal system of rhesus monkeys: II. Degenerative joint
      disease.
AB  - In order to discuss the rate and onset of adult aging in rhesus monkeys, 55 adult
      animals from the Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center and the University of
      Wisconsin Psychology Primate Laboratory were examined. Degenerative joint disease
      (DJD) at the hip and spine was scored, and loss of passive joint mobility at the
      hip was measured. Development of DJD at both the hip and spine was significantly
      and positively correlated with age. Spinal changes, especially at the
      thoraco/lumbar intervertebral symphyses, appeared to develop somewhat more
      rapidly than hip degeneration. In some individuals, DJD was observed soon after
      the completion of growth, but pronounced changes seldom occurred before the
      middle of the second decade of life. Similarly, age-dependent losses of passive
      joint mobility appeared to begin early in ontogeny and to become increasingly
      pronounced in the aging adult. Although interspecific comparisons are difficult
      due to intraspecies and intraindividual variation, the timing of musculoskeletal
      aging in the rhesus spine and hip differs from that observed in humans in a way
      that parallels previously documented species differences in patterns of
      musculoskeletal growth. These observations and data on age-related change in
      other systems, suggest that rates and durations of many ontogenetic processes in
      rhesus monkeys are approximately three times as fast and one-third as long as
      those of the corresponding human processes. Importantly, differences in the
      timing of reproduction do not appear to follow the same scaling factor observed
      in other systems. Although reproduction may, therefore, be under separate
      control, the consistent pattern observed in other aspects of somatic growth and
      aging supports the hypothesis (Cutler, 1976; Sacher, 1978) that evolutionary
      changes in ontogeny have resulted from selection acting upon a few genes with
      widespread regulatory effects.

PMID- 4061577
TI  - Immunoglobulin allotypes in Jewish populations living in Israel and the United
      States.
AB  - The ongoing interest in the interrelationships of Jewish populations justifies
      inclusion of the immunoglobulin allotypes in an ethnohistorical analysis. A total
      of 2,184 serum specimens obtained from unrelated Israeli Jewish and self
      identified Milwaukee, WI, Jewish blood donors were classified as Ashkenazi,
      Sephardi, Asiatic, or North African and tested for G1m (a, x, z, and f), G3m (b0,
      b1, b3, b5, g), A2m (1 and 2), and Km (1). Selected sera were also tested for G3m
      (s, t, c3, c5). The estimated maximum likelihood Gm-Am haplotype frequencies were
      used in a heterogeneity chi-square analysis. The results indicate that there is
      less heterogeneity within Jewish populations from Europe, Middle East, and North
      Africa than in corresponding non-Jewish populations representing the same
      geographical areas. In order to avoid the hazards of a univariate focus,
      previously published data were incorporated into two additional analyses: 15
      populations with information on 16 genetic loci and 24 populations with
      information on five genetic loci. Both sets of data were analyzed using principal
      components and cluster analysis. In both sets of analyses, with the exception of
      the Yemenite Jews, Jewish populations grouped together. These analyses support
      the belief that Jewish populations appear to be derived from a common gene pool,
      and there has been some genetic drift and minimal gene flow with surrounding
      populations.

PMID- 4061578
TI  - Maximal exercise capacity in adolescent European and Amerindian high-altitude
      natives.
AB  - Forty-seven highland natives were given maximal exercise tests on a treadmill
      ergometer at 3,600 m. The subjects were grouped into four subsamples on the basis
      of ethnicity (European vs. Aymara) and age (young vs. old adolescent). Two-way
      ANOVA indicated that VO2max adjusted for body size did not differ significantly
      between ethnic groups but was significantly larger in older than younger boys
      within each ethnic group (p less than .05). This finding does not support the
      hypothesis that Amerindian highland natives have adapted genetically to hypoxia
      but is consistent with the hypothesis that the relatively high VO2max's of
      highlanders are acquired by developmental adaptation. Several measures of
      ventilation and oxygen transport capacity differed significantly between ethnic
      groups, suggesting that growing European and Aymara boys may respond somewhat
      differently to the stress of high-altitude hypoxia. However, despite these
      differences, VO2max, an integrated measure of the overall functional capacity of
      the oxygen transport system, did not differ significantly between ethnic groups,
      suggesting that both groups are equally capable of meeting the body's oxygen
      requirements during maximal exercise at high altitude.

PMID- 4061579
TI  - Genetic variation in North Amerindian populations: the geography of gene
      frequencies.
AB  - Ten-level synthetic gene frequency maps derived from a principal component
      analysis of seven polymorphic loci are displayed for a large sample of North
      Amerindian populations. These maps are useful for assessing population affinities
      over broad geographical regions and perhaps, as others have argued, for inferring
      recent migrations. The influence of European admixture is investigated by
      deleting highly admixed populations and regenerating the maps. In broad outline
      the resultant geographic patterning, while appearing more homogeneous, preserves
      many features of the maps that include the highly admixed samples--especially
      with respect to the Eskimo/non-Eskimo dichotomy. Further, in an effort to
      evaluate how varying the number of display levels affects patterning as well as
      interpretation, the maps were replotted at 5 and 20 levels. The 5-level maps are
      found to accentuate differences between the full data set and the less admixed
      data set, while the 20-level maps tend to obscure these differences.

PMID- 4061580
TI  - Genetic variation in North Amerindian populations: association with sociocultural
      complexity.
AB  - A survey of nine polymorphic loci for 82 North Amerindian populations was
      undertaken to test the hypothesis that increasing levels of sociocultural
      complexity are ineluctably accompanied by increased heterozygosity. The data
      reveal a significant relationship in the predicted direction. Moreover, the
      significant correlation between average heterozygosity and sociocultural
      complexity is substantially increased by the removal of 19 highly admixed
      samples. However, this relationship, at least among North Amerindian populations,
      may be more apparent than real since both mean heterozygosity and the level of
      sociocultural organization are significantly negatively correlated with latitude.
      When this latter variable is controlled for, all correlations between
      heterozygosity and sociocultural complexity are rendered nonsignificant.

PMID- 4061581
TI  - Genetic variation in North Amerindian populations: covariance with climate.
AB  - Allelic frequencies at seven polymorphic loci in 74 North Amerindian populations
      are examined relative to patterns of climatic variation. Canonical correlation
      analysis reveals strong and significant associations of heterozygosity at the
      ABO, Ss, Duffy, and P loci with climatic variability. Principal component
      analysis demonstrates that these loci tend to form correlated ensembles.
      Moreover, canonical correlation analysis of component scores provides support for
      an association between polymorphism at these loci and environmental variability.
      The results are concordant with two previous investigations which suggested a
      relationship between polymorphism for the ABO, Duffy, and Diego systems and
      climate. It is suggested that the examination of broad geographic patterns of
      genetic variation at multiple loci is a valuable, but underutilized, method of
      screening for the effects of long-term systematic pressures.

PMID- 4061582
TI  - Comparison of the septal areas in New Guinean and European brains.
AB  - In 1966, septal nuclei of unusual size in brains of kuru-diseased Fore people
      from the Eastern Highlands of New Guinea were reported (Beck and Gajdusek, 1966).
      Microscopic investigation which did not reveal any pathological changes in these
      nuclei led to the question of whether their large size could be a characteristic
      feature of the Fore (and perhaps also of other ethnic groups of New Guinea),
      rather than a consequence of the disease. We had at our disposal brains from
      patients of coastal areas of New Guinea who did not suffer from kuru. The septal
      areas of eight cases were investigated by serial sections and compared to those
      of nine European brains. No difference in size comparable to that reported in the
      earlier study could be detected. We conclude that a possible pecularity in the
      size of the septal nuclei of Fore people cannot be generalized to the entire
      population of New Guinea.

PMID- 4061583
TI  - Haematology and erythrocyte metabolism in man at high altitude: an Aymara-Quechua
      comparison.
AB  - In the course of haematological and biological investigations among Aymara and
      Quechua populations in Bolivia, an anthropological study of the erythrocytary
      respiratory function was carried out on the two groups at two altitudes: 3,600 m
      and 450 m. A difference in the intensity of the biological variations of the two
      populations is observed at high altitude. In the Quechuas, as in any lowland
      native, the adaptative phenomena are totally and quickly reversible. In the
      Aymaras, we detected the existence of more marked haematological and biochemical
      characters: moderate polycythemia, hyperhaemoglobinemia, microcytosis,
      metabolical hyperactivity with accumulation of 2-3 di-phosphoglycerate and ATP,
      and methaemoglobinemia with a drop in the activity of the methaemoglobin
      reductases. The Aymaras preserve some of those characters (methaemoglobinemia
      excepted) when they settle in lowlands.

PMID- 4061584
TI  - Interobserver reliability of skinfold measurements in infants and young children.
AB  - Interobserver reliabilities were determined for the triceps, biceps, subscapular,
      suprailiac, and abdominal skinfolds in 77 children, 9-24 months of age. Technical
      errors of measurement (replicate variances) and coefficients of variation were
      compared to data on 12-17-year-olds from the U.S. Health Examination Survey (HES)
      to 2.5-7-year-old Guatamalan children. Of the five skinfolds, the between
      observer variation was not significantly different from zero in four; in the case
      of the biceps fold, F-ratio was significant at p less than .01. Errors of
      measurement are less for these data than for the HES or Guatemalan studies. This
      difference is attributed to the larger means of the older children and youth, as
      well as to the greater error of measurement shown to exist for larger skinfolds.

PMID- 4061585
TI  - Three-dimensional cranial surface reconstructions using high-resolution computed
      tomography.
AB  - Until recently, there has been no satisfactory way for anthropologists to
      visualize intracranial morphology in more than two dimensions without actually
      "invading" the skull in some manner. Images provided by conventional x-ray and
      computed tomography (CT) scans are often abstract, flat, two-dimensional
      representations that fail to reveal three-dimensional relationships. We describe
      new computer-imaging techniques that reconstruct three-dimensional images from
      sequential series of narrowly collimated (1-2 mm), high-resolution CT scans of
      the skull. These computed images represent three-dimensional surface data and can
      be viewed from any direction. Depth information is encoded in gray scale. In
      addition, selected portions of the anatomy can be "removed", i.e., made
      transparent, to allow visualization of previously hidden intracranial morphology.
      Since the geometric data obtained with the CT scanner are precise, parameters
      such as linear distances, angles, areas, and volumes can be accurately (and
      instantaneously) generated. The power and versatility of these computer-imaging
      techniques are demonstrated by examining living subjects with major craniofacial
      dysmorphology (Treacher-Collins syndrome and unilateral coronal synostosis); an
      anthropoid osteological specimen (Gorilla); and a fossil mammal skull.

PMID- 4061586
TI  - Apples, oranges, and the lunate sulcus.
AB  - Holloway (1984) used a method of direct tape-arc measurements on chimpanzee brain
      casts to reject the hypothesis that the lunate sulcus is located in an anterior
      position in the Taung endocast. However, Holloway neglected to measure the
      occipital pole-lunate sulcus (OP-LS) arc directly on the Taung endocast as he did
      on chimpanzee brain casts (a crucial part of his methodology); instead, he
      determined the relative position of Taung's lunate sulcus on the basis of a
      calculation that confounds direct measurements and measurements from photographs.
      When arc OP-LS is measured directly on Taung according to Holloway's methods, the
      feature that has been identified as the medial end of the lunate sulcus is shown
      to be located within the range that Holloway determined for chimpanzees. Thus
      Holloway's methodology and data support rather than refute the claim that the
      lunate sulcus is located in a pongid-like position in australopithecines.

PMID- 4061587
TI  - Directional asymmetry of body dimensions among white adolescents.
AB  - Asymmetry of paired dimensions has been recognized as a methodological problem in
      anthropometry and more recently as an indicator of environmental stress. This
      study seeks to determine the extent of directional asymmetry for some of the
      measurements commonly made in anthropometry. Upper arm circumference,
      biepicondylar breadth, triceps and subscapular skinfolds, bicondylar breadth of
      the femur, and calf circumference were measured on right and left sides among 135
      white adolescents from suburban Philadelphia. Handedness (right or nonright) was
      subject-assessed. Body composition was estimated through underwater weighing.
      Asymmetry was evaluated using a paired t test. Arm measurements are significantly
      asymmetric in favor of the right side; subscapular skinfolds and leg measurements
      are not significantly asymmetric. Among the sample of right-handed subjects (n =
      116), upper arm circumference and biepicondylar breadth were significantly larger
      on the right side, and, among the males of this subsample, triceps was as well.
      The nonright-handed subjects (n = 19) did not show statistically significant
      asymmetry. Asymmetry was negatively but weakly related to body composition. These
      results are consistent with an explanation in terms of preferred use of one side
      of the body and consequent muscle hypertrophy, but an adequate test of this
      explanation requires hypothesis testing in larger samples of nonright-handed
      subjects.

PMID- 4061588
TI  - Mechanics of increased support of weight by the hindlimbs in primates.
AB  - Quadrupedal primates support most of their weight on their hindlimbs during
      locomotion. Neither the position of their center of gravity nor the average
      position of their foot contacts is substantially different from that of other
      quadrupeds supporting most of their weight on their forelimbs. Arguments are
      presented to support the theory that high levels of hindlimb retractor activity
      will produce this shift of support to the hindlimbs. If this muscular activity is
      appropriately timed, it will generate only low horizontal accelerations, which
      can be offset by small changes in the average position of the limbs. Estimates of
      muscular force are derived from force plate and kinematic data, which indicate
      that primates in fact do exhibit the postulated pattern of muscular activity. It
      is suggested that this shift occurs to reduce the compressive forces on the
      forelimbs.

PMID- 4061589
TI  - Stresses on the limbs of quadrupedal primates.
AB  - Data is presented from eight primates on the ground reaction forces on the limbs
      during locomotion. These subjects supported from 30 to 45% of their body weight
      on their forelimbs. Other quadrupedal mammals support 55-60% of their body weight
      on their forelimbs. The increase of peak vertical force with speed varies greatly
      between the subjects. The variation in weight supported by the forelimbs and the
      peak forces on the forelimbs is proposed to correlate with variation in locomotor
      adaptations. It is suggested that the occurrence of bipedalism in primates
      represents the extreme expression of the tendency in primates to reduce the
      compressive forces on their forelimbs.

PMID- 4061590
TI  - Effects of age and sex on the amount and distribution of mineral in Eskimo
      tibiae.
AB  - The bone mineral content (BMC), bone width, and cross-sectional moment of inertia
      (CSMI) of 141 Alaskan Eskimo tibias were measured using photon absorptiometry.
      The effects of age and sex on the bones' structural properties were studied. It
      was found that in women, BMC decreased by 50% between the third and sixth
      decades, but that of the males did not decline significantly with age. This was
      true of the CSMI as well, for bending in both the anteroposterior (AP) and
      mediolateral (ML) planes. This result is different than that in some other
      prehistoric native American populations, where tibia CSMI increases with age in
      both sexes. The CSMI values were significantly higher in men than in women. Also,
      in men the AP CSMI was 55% larger than the ML CSMI; in women this difference was
      only 25%, and declined with age. Since the tibia is preferentially loaded in the
      AP plane by locomotor activities, the platycnemic differences between the sexes
      may reflect sex-related differences in activity which become more pronounced with
      age. The non-destructive method for obtaining data on the cross-sectional
      geometry of dry bones which is described here may be useful in studying other
      archaeological collections.

PMID- 4061591
TI  - Atlanto-occipital fusion and spondylolisthesis in an Anasazi skeleton from Bright
      Angel Ruin, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona.
AB  - The skeleton of a middle-aged female showing an unusual pattern of congenital,
      traumatic, and degenerative pathology was recovered from a small Kayenta Anasazi
      site located near the confluence of Bright Angel Creek with the Colorado River in
      the Inner Gorge of Grand Canyon. The atlas is fused with the base of the skull
      and C2 is fused with C3. The cervical region was subjected to hyperextension,
      perhaps through use of a tumpline, with resultant reduction of the neural canal
      to 8 mm, a condition that quite likely led to neurological problems. The skeleton
      also includes a depression fracture of the lateral condyle of the left tibia.
      Complete, bilateral spondylolysis of L5 led to an olisthesis of approximately 15
      mm. The disc between L5 and S1 then ossified, most likely from staphylococcus
      bacteremia, making the olisthesis permanent and thereby creating a unique
      arachaeological specimen. Although spondylolysis is usually viewed as a stress
      fracture, the general pattern of pathology in this individual makes it necessary
      to consider an etiology of acute trauma.

PMID- 4061592
TI  - Dental modifications and tool use in the western Great Basin.
AB  - Nondietary function is an important concern in the study of the human dentition
      and its role in adaptation. The purpose of the present investigation is to
      describe and interpret a pattern of dental wear in the anterior dentition of
      precontact hunter-gatherers that inhabited the western Great Basin. These data
      are discussed in light of ethnographic documentation as a means by which the
      archaeological record is linked with associated behavior of the representative
      populations. A series of 171 dentitions from a group of archaeological localities
      was examined. Of 1,931 teeth observed, 16 of these showed narrow (0.4-2.0 mm)
      transverse grooves located on the midocclusal surfaces of anterior teeth. The
      grooves were restricted in occurrence to five older adult males. Documentation of
      prehistoric and historic western Great Basin aboriginal populations indicates an
      adaptation that involves use of plant materials in the production of a variety of
      utilitarian objects, such as fish nets, basketry, funerary bags, fowling bags,
      and rope. In postcontact contexts, the anterior dentition has been shown to play
      an important role in the preparation of materials used for the production of this
      equipment. It seems most likely, then, that the grooves observed herein resulted
      directly from the use of the dentition as part of the tool assemblage for the
      production of other tools.

PMID- 4061593
TI  - The "unisex phantom," sexual dimorphism, and proportional growth assessment.
AB  - The "unisex phantom" tactic of Ross and associates attempts to examine
      proportional growth, expressing body measurements relative to a phantom created
      from arbitrary mean dimensions and the observed coefficients of variation for an
      arbitrary sample of adult men and women. Fundamental assumptions of the model are
      (1) that data treated in unisex fashion have the normal distribution required of
      Z-type statistics throughout the period of growth, and (2) that it is reasonable
      to consider anthropometric measurements in all populations (regardless of
      ultimate size) as growing toward the common height chosen for the phantom. The
      validity and possible usefulness of this approach has been tested using
      anthropometric data collected on 546 francophone primary school children from the
      Trois Rivieres district who had been measured repeatedly from 6 to 12 years of
      age. Over this age range, the mixing of data for girls and boys does not create a
      bimodal distribution, and has only a marginal effect upon skewing and kurtosis;
      however, the requirement of a normal distribution is not satisfied by quite a
      number of common anthropometric measurements even at this age. Moreover,
      application of the unisex phantom procedure to the Trois Rivieres sample does
      little to clarify anticipated sex-related differences in regional growth, and it
      is argued that univariate standardization against a power function of an
      arbitrary adult height may not provide the best method of examining the
      multivariate problem of growth. Comparison of results with data from Saskatoon,
      previously treated by unisex phantom methodology, reveals puzzling
      inconsistencies; it is suggested that interlaboratory differences of methodology
      rather than ethnic differences are responsible for apparent discrepancies in
      growth patterns. It is urged that interlaboratory validation of techniques and
      landmarks should precede the ascription of apparent differences in body build to
      constitutional factors.

PMID- 4061594
TI  - A simple univariate technique for determining sex from fragmentary femora: its
      application to a Scottish short cist population.
AB  - A simple univariate technique for sexing individuals represented by fragmentary
      skeletal remains is described. The results obtained were highly consistent (about
      90%) with those obtained by conventional analysis of pelvic and cranial
      morphology. It is suggested that using maximum anteroposterior diameter of the
      femoral shaft as a sex discriminator has advantages over midshaft circumference
      even when intact femora are available.

PMID- 4061595
TI  - Multifactorial determination of skeletal age at death: a method and blind tests
      of its accuracy.
AB  - Traditional methods of estimating skeletal age at death have relied solely on the
      pubic symphyseal face or on this indicator combined with others in nonsystematic
      ways. A multifactorial method is presented that uses a principal components
      weighting of five indicators (public symphyseal face, auricular surface,
      radiographs of proximal femur, dental wear, and suture closure). This method has
      been tested by completely blind assessment of age in two samples from the Todd
      collection carefully screened for accuracy of stated age at death. Results show a
      marked superiority of the multifactorial method over any single indicator with
      respect to both bias and accuracy. This represents the first truly blind test of
      an age-at-death indicator or system, as the test populations were independent of
      the system(s) being tested, and the age, sex, and ethnogeographic origin of the
      individuals being assessed (as well as the compositions of the test samples with
      respect to these variables) were completely unknown until the tests were
      completed. Implications for paleodemography are discussed.

PMID- 4061596
TI  - Population distribution of the human vitamin D binding protein: anthropological
      considerations.
AB  - The polymorphism of the serum vitamin D binding protein (DBP) in humans is based
      on the existence of three common alleles, Gc1F, Gc1S, and Gc2, and 84 rare
      alleles. The geographical distribution of Gc1F, Gc1S, and Gc2 alleles shows north
      to south clines, together with a balanced equilibrium between the Gc1F or Gc1S
      allele frequency and the Gc2 frequency. The distribution of the FST values shows
      high variability within a geographical area. For European and North Asiatic
      groups, the FST values are the lowest observed, and the reason may be a long
      process of homogenization. Aboriginal populations from Australia and New Guinea
      and groups from both North Africa and South America show the greatest
      heterogeneity of their allele frequencies. Systematic factors such as genetic
      drift and selection may account for this distribution. In contrast with the three
      main DBP alleles, the distribution of the rare alleles corresponds to patterns of
      human migrations that occurred during prehistoric and historic periods. Thus, the
      rare mutants are of particular relevance to anthropological and genetical
      investigations.

PMID- 4061597
TI  - Subcutaneous fat remodelling in Southeast Asian infants and children.
AB  - Longitudinal data on 1,048 Thai children were evaluated for evidence of
      subcutaneous fat remodelling. Fat distribution, as defined by 100
      (triceps/[triceps + subscapular]), was more pronounced in the limbs during
      infancy but shifted toward the trunk thereafter. Subsequent stepwise regression
      analysis indicated that biological age--as measured by Gruelich-Pyle bone age-
      and weight together explained between 0.8% and 14.5% of variance in fat
      distribution, with generally larger R2 values over age and for males.
      Relationships were curvilinear, with sex differences in slope. Path analysis
      supported the model that weight was a major causal agent primarily after infancy,
      whereas biological age had a small influence both in infancy and in late
      childhood. These findings indicate that trunk fat deposition is a normal feature
      of childhood. They also suggest that hypotheses which associate elevated trunk
      fatness with disorders of glucose metabolism are invalid for younger children.

PMID- 4061598
TI  - Prenatal stress and increased fluctuating asymmetry in the parietal bones of
      neonatal rats.
AB  - Recent studies have reported increased fluctuating dental and long bone asymmetry
      in neonates as a function of prenatal stress. The present study was designed to
      assess the effects of prenatal stress on a third calcium-dependent system,
      membranous bone. Pregnant rats were exposed to cold, heat, or noise from
      conception through parturition. Bilateral parietal bone lengths were measured in
      the term neonates. Levels of fluctuating asymmetry were found to be significantly
      increased (p less than .001) in all three stressed groups compared to unstressed
      controls. Results support the concept of a generalized stress response, and
      suggestions are offered for human osteological application.

PMID- 4061599
TI  - Chronological metamorphosis of the auricular surface of the ilium: a new method
      for the determination of adult skeletal age at death.
AB  - A new method for the determination of adult skeletal age at death based upon
      chronological changes in the auricular surface of the ilium is presented. Formal
      stages have been constructed following extensive tests and refinements in
      observations made of such changes. Two completely "blind" tests were conducted to
      assess the accuracy and bias of the new method. Results show that the system is
      equally accurate to pubic symphyseal aging (although somewhat more difficult to
      apply), and also carries the advantages of a higher preservation rate for the
      auricular surface in archaeological populations and continued age-related change
      beyond the fifth decade.

PMID- 4061600
TI  - A revised method of age determination using the os pubis, with a review and tests
      of accuracy of other current methods of pubic symphyseal aging.
AB  - All current standardized methods of age determination using the os pubis were
      tested by blind assessment of a skeletal sample with documented ages (from the
      Todd collection; N = 96). No demographic data (sex, age, race, age composition)
      were known to the assessors prior to completion of the test. Results showed the
      Todd method to be more reliable than more recent component techniques and that
      all systems tended to underage. Therefore, modifications were made of the Todd
      system to eliminate this and other deficiencies, and a second test using a new
      sample was conducted (N = 109). The age distribution determined by the revised
      Todd method did not significantly differ from the actual age distribution of the
      second sample. Error due to race was nonsignificant. Biological stages of pubic
      metamorphosis are described and possible evolutionary specializations of the
      hominid symphysis are discussed. Revised standards for age determination are
      presented.

PMID- 4061601
TI  - Dental wear in the Libben population: its functional pattern and role in the
      determination of adult skeletal age at death.
AB  - Modal patterns of occlusal attrition are presented for the Libben population
      based on a sample of 332 adult dentitions. Maxillas and mandibles were reviewed
      independently by seriation prior to assessment of complete dentitions. The
      Spearman rank order coefficient for upper and lower dentitions was .96. Wear
      patterns are very similar to those reported by Murphy (1959a: Am. J. Phys.
      Anthropol. 17:167-178) for Australian aborigines. There were no significant
      sexual differences in wear rate. Dental wear is concluded to be a highly reliable
      and important indicator of adult age at death for skeletal populations if
      seriation procedures are employed.

PMID- 4061602
TI  - Ectocranial suture closure: a revised method for the determination of skeletal
      age at death based on the lateral-anterior sutures.
AB  - A new method for estimation of age-at-death based on the degree of suture closure
      is presented. The method employs simple ectocranial scoring of specific sites on
      the external table. Composite scores for two groups of sutures, lateral-anterior
      and vault systems, which are used to provide estimates of age-at-death, have been
      developed from a sample of 236 crania from the Hamann-Todd Collection. A variety
      of tests show that the lateral-anterior sutures are superior to the sutures of
      the vault, that ectocranial is superior to endocranial observation, and that age
      estimates are independent of race and sex. It is concluded that suture closure
      can provide valuable estimates of age-at-death in both archaeological and
      forensic contexts when used in conjunction with other skeletal age indicators.

PMID- 4061603
TI  - Radiographic changes in the clavicle and proximal femur and their use in the
      determination of skeletal age at death.
AB  - Visually seriated radiographs of the proximal femur, proximal humerus, clavicle,
      and calcaneus from 130 individuals from the Hamann-Todd collection were examined
      as indicators of skeletal age at death. The clavicle demonstrated the most
      consistent relationship to age in both sexes. The same radiographs were also
      seriated by size-normalized optical density as a means of establishing relative
      radiolucency. In this context, visual seriation proved superior. The four sites
      studied showed strong divergence in response to age. Since each was sampling bone
      response from the same individual, it is concluded that bone loss is highly site
      specific. This demonstrates the individual character of specific skeletal sites.
      Visual inspection of clavicular radiographs, seriated on a populational basis,
      provides age estimates that are comparable to anatomical age indicators and
      provides independent estimates of skeletal age when included in the summary age
      method (1985: Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 68:1-14).

PMID- 4061604
TI  - Accuracy and direction of error in the sexing of the skeleton: implications for
      paleodemography.
AB  - Determinations of sex by subjective assessment of the skulls from a skeletal
      series of known sex were compared to fully independent assessments based on
      pelves of the same specimens. Within-sex correlations of cranial and pelvic
      morphologies measured on an android-gynecoid scale were smaller than expected.
      Subjective assessment by means of the skull compared favorably to that of the
      linear discriminant functions of Giles and Elliot; however, the direction of
      error was similar for both procedures. Of course, estimations based on the pelves
      were generally superior to both in terms of frequency and overall bias of error.
      The bias of sex estimation for paleodemographic purposes is contingent upon
      completeness of skeletal remains.

PMID- 4061605
TI  - Anatomical, physiological, and epidemiological correlates of the aging process: a
      confirmation of multifactorial age determination in the Libben skeletal
      population.
AB  - Paleodemographic analyses based on estimates of skeletal age at death
      consistently report high levels of young adult mortality with few individuals
      living in excess of 50 years. Critics assert these data indicate systematic
      underaging of adults and justifiably remark that criteria for estimating skeletal
      age at death may be unreliable, age determinations are too frequently based on
      one or two criteria alone, and adult paleodemographic age profiles often mimic
      the age distribution of the modern population from which an age indicator's
      standards were originally derived. This study reports a series of tests based on
      well-documented biological aging phenomena that can be used to investigate
      potential effects of systematic underaging in adults, assuming the skeletal
      population is of sufficient size to permit such tests. These include patterns of
      third decade sternal clavicular epiphyseal fusion, multiple age and sex criteria
      associated with cortical bone dynamics, and fractures known to occur throughout
      the entire adult ages range. These phenomena are examined here for the Libben
      site skeletal population where adult age at death was determined by the
      multifactorial summary age technique. None of the biological criteria reported
      here were used in the Libben summary age analysis and thus serve as an
      independent test of accuracy in age determination. In addition, the summary age
      method has recently been applied to a series of modern skeletons of known age
      (Todd samples 1 and 2). Age standards for criteria employed with Libben and Todd
      1 were identical. Since Todd 1 displayed underaging in older adults, a second
      Libben age distribution adjusted for Todd 1 bias was generated for comparison. A
      third Libben adult survivorship profile based on a Coale and Demeny West level 3
      mortality experience, considered by some to be a more realistic model for
      skeletal populations, was produced for comparison. For all criteria examined,
      original Libben summary ages provided superior concordance with known patterns of
      biological aging in human populations. While Libben ages adjusted for Todd 1 bias
      were slightly better in the third decade, both Todd 1 adjusted and Coale and
      Demeny West level 3 age distributions produced unrealistic patterns of biological
      aging for individuals greater than 35 years. Implications of these results are
      discussed.

PMID- 4061606
TI  - Aging in the musculoskeletal system of rhesus monkeys: III. Bone loss.
AB  - It is well established that aging of the human skeleton includes the loss of bone
      mass or density, but little comparative information on age-related osteopenia in
      other primates is available. In order to determine whether bone loss occurs in
      normally locomoting nonhuman primates, radiographs of 139 rhesus monkey skeletons
      from the Cayo Santiago collection were examined, and measures of percent cortical
      bone (PCT) at the midshaft of second metacarpals, humeri, and femora were
      calculated. An age-related osteopenia was observed in the metacarpal of adult
      female macaques, although much individual variation was present. This variability
      could not be explained by reproductive history (number of offspring), matrilineal
      affiliation, or degree of osteoarthrosis. However, in a subsample of 15 animals,
      females who had given birth in the three months prior to death showed lower PCTs
      than those who had not conceived in the previous mating season. In adult males,
      PCT did not vary significantly with age, but males that weighed less and those
      with no/little osteoarthrosis showed lower PCTs than heavier or more arthritic
      animals, respectively. The multifactorial nature of the variation in PCT observed
      here suggests that similar processes of bone behavior are involved in the
      skeletal aging of both humans and rhesus monkeys.

PMID- 4061607
TI  - Bilirubin binding by the fractionated alternate allelic components of
      heterozygous monkey albumin.
AB  - Analysis of bilirubin-binding parameters for purified albumin of nine rhesus
      monkeys heterozygous for albumin MacA and albumin MacB was performed after
      separating these two albumin forms by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC).
      The binding capacity (n) for MacA-enriched samples was lower than that for the
      MacB variant in eight of nine fraction pairs analyzed, while the affinity
      constant (K) was higher in all nine MacA-enriched samples. The values for n X K
      were higher in MacA-enriched samples in eight of nine pairs tested. These data,
      together with previous studies, geographic specificity of the MacB variant, and
      the presence of dietary competitors for the primary bilirubin binding site on the
      albumin molecule, suggest an evolutionary advantage for the MacB variant only in
      areas where the dietary competitors are present.

PMID- 4061608
TI  - Sex determination from chest plate roentgenograms.
AB  - Precise sexing--97% to 99% accuracy--of adult chest plates is possible when
      highly predictive costal cartilage ossification patterns are combined with four
      simple metric determinations. More than 1100 chest plate roentgenograms were
      evaluated for ossification pattern, fourth rib width, corpus width, sternal
      length and sternal area in an adult decedent population. An elementary,
      empirically obtained algorithm using the patternings and measurements, along with
      simple derivations (sternal length and area indices) was developed and then
      applied in chest plate sexing. This technique is not only easy, rapid and
      inexpensive, but it also results in a permanent and easily stored record.

PMID- 4061609
TI  - Cemental annulation enhancement: a technique for age determination in man.
AB  - Cemental annulations are easily countable in teeth from animals that have an
      exaggerated regular change of food intake from season to season. Although present
      in human teeth, cemental annulations are not always easy to count. A method for
      preparing human teeth for evaluation involving collection, identification,
      measuring, sectioning, cleaning, acid etching, staining, and mounting is
      reported. Sections 100-microns thick were stained with cresyl fast violet as a
      stain of choice and were photographed using standard light microscopic techniques
      as well as Nomarsky interference microscopy. Countability of annulations from
      photographic enlargements was evaluated.

PMID- 4061610
TI  - Individual variation in enamel structure of human mandibular first premolars.
AB  - Nine human mandibular first premolars were examined to assess variation in
      external morphology and enamel structural organization within a tooth type. The
      relationship of enamel ultrastructure to gross dental morphology was also
      studied. The teeth were cut in the mesiodistal direction just lingual to the
      buccal cusp, and etched. Montages were constructed of the cut enamel surface
      photographed in the scanning electron microscope at 100 X magnification.
      Parameters were measured and correlation coefficients were calculated for the
      comparison of various odontometric features. The mesiodistal and buccolingual
      dimensions were highly correlated and the occlusal thickness of enamel was
      significantly correlated to crown height but not crown width. Hunter-Schreger
      bands were less pronounced in fossa areas than at lateral aspects, cusps, or
      ridges; these bands were directly related to the geometry of the tooth. It was
      concluded that within this tooth type, there is a large amount of individual
      variation not only in gross morphology but also in enamel ultrastructure. This
      result underscores the fact that interspecific comparisons must be made with
      care.

PMID- 4061612
TI  - Computed tomography and automated image analysis of prehistoric femora.
AB  - Non-invasive characterization of limb bone cross-sectional geometry would be
      useful for biomechanical analyses of skeletal collections. Computed tomography
      (CT) is potentially the method of choice. Additionally, CT images are suitable
      for automated analysis. CT is here shown to be both accurate and precise in the
      analysis of cross-sectional geometry of prehistoric femora. Beam hardening
      artifacts can be reduced by using a water bath. As the availability of CT for
      research increases, both bone density and geometry could be determined
      simultaneously with this method.

PMID- 4061611
TI  - Growth status of disadvantaged urban Guatemalan children of a resettled
      community.
AB  - This paper reports the physical growth and body composition from the first year
      of longitudinal study of 519 Guatemalan children, and their families, from a
      disadvantaged urban community consisting largely of refugees of the 1976
      earthquake. Four cohorts are described, composed of children of 1,3,5, and 7
      years at examination. The children are smaller, weigh less, and have reduced fat
      stores compared either to NCHS reference data or to upper SES Guatemalan
      children. Stature (or length) and head circumference deviate more from reference
      data than do triceps or upper arm muscle circumference. Greater deviations are
      found in the linear dimensions of males than of females. These children are the
      smallest yet described from Guatemala City, though they are slightly larger than
      available rural samples. This suggests a continuum of environmental effects
      acting upon the growth of children of differing socioeconomic levels.

PMID- 4061613
TI  - Effects of the Y chromosome on quantitative growth: an anthropometric study of
      47,XYY males.
AB  - The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of the Y chromosome on
      different body and head dimensions of 47,XYY males, and especially its effect on
      their body proportions. From seven adult 47,XYY males 25 anthropometric
      measurements were recorded and compared with four male relatives and 42 control
      males. In most dimensions 47,XYY males were larger than the normal males, the
      difference being mainly between 0.5 and 1.5 S.D. units. The body proportions of
      47,XYY males were found to be similar to those of the normal males when the
      effect of size was allowed for. It is concluded that the extra Y chromosome in
      47,XYY males causes an increase in their growth without affecting the body
      proportions. This finding suggests that the Y chromosome contains gene(s) which
      affects growth by increasing its quantitative outcome. This effect may be
      mediated by a direct action of the Y chromosome on the cells. It also may seem
      that the Y chromosomal gene(s) influence the development of the sex difference in
      height and body size.

PMID- 4061614
TI  - Relative tibia long bone growth in the Libben and Bt-5 prehistoric skeletal
      populations.
AB  - Patterns of tibia long bone growth were examined for the Libben Late Woodland and
      Bt-5 Late Archaic hunter-gatherer skeletal groups. Subadults included in the
      analyses ranged in age from birth to 10 years. The primary goals were to identify
      potential differences in relative tibia growth and evaluate the extent to which
      such differences were concordant with demographic and epidemiological
      characteristics of the two groups. Methods used were designed to minimize the
      shortcomings of unknown age and sex of the skeleton, small sample sizes, and
      population differences in adult size attained. Results showed that Bt-5
      preadolescent growth performance and health status in general were superior to
      those of the Libben group. Modifications in the rate and timing of Libben tibia
      growth occurred early and were primarily restricted to the weaning period. It is
      suggested that high levels of infectious disease experienced in the first years
      of life at Libben played a substantial role in the etiology of early long bone
      growth retardation, a greater prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in the
      childhood years, and elevated levels of subadult morbidity and mortality compared
      to Bt-5. Paleodemographic, paleoepidemiological, and modern comparative
      population data that support these inferences are discussed. No evidence of
      chronic malnutrition owing to dietary inadequacy was observed for either group.
      Alternatively, higher population density and greater degree of sedentism alone
      may have been responsible for elevated disease loads at Libben compared to low
      levels that were observed for the seasonally mobile semisedentary Bt-5 hunter
      gatherers.

PMID- 4061615
TI  - Expression count: a method for calculating morphological dental trait frequencies
      by using adjustable weighting coefficients with standard ranked scales.
AB  - Expression count is the term used for a new method of calculating the frequency
      of a morphological dental trait in a population sample. This method incorporates
      into a single value the total trait variation expressed in the sample. It has
      been designed to increase the information content of small samples of dental
      remains common with archeological recovery.

PMID- 4061616
TI  - Pubic symphysis age distributions.
AB  - A further discussion of age assessment and palaeodemography requires detailed
      reviews of methods, especially pubic symphysis techniques. Before reanalysis of
      changes in symphyseal form, the initial steps in distributing ages must be
      examined. Use of the mean values for age scores gives age distributions that are
      not real, but subject to systematic distortions, and cumulative percentages of
      skeletal samples can be shown to reflect the mean ages. Distributing skeletal
      ages using 95% probability distributions provides a more accurate estimation of
      true ages for palaeodemography and a better basis for discussions of pubic
      symphysis aging techniques.

PMID- 4061617
TI  - Fringe patterns and measurement on dorsal moire topography in Japanese children,
      aged 13 and 14.
AB  - Dorsal moire topographies of 165 boys and 156 girls, aged 13 and 14, were
      investigated. Moire fringe patterns were classified into seven types, of which
      type IV, thin and symmetric back, was most frequent (29% in boys and 22% in
      girls), and types I and II thoracic, fleshy back, were observed in 15% of boys
      and 29% of girls. Settling four prominent points on the back, length, depth
      (number of fringes), angles between these points, and the most depressed point on
      the lumbar region were measured. Neither bilateral or sex differences were
      detected in length and depth measurements, whereas larger right side angles were
      observed as a general tendency. In both sexes, significant correlation was
      detected between measurements on points situated in the inner part of the back,
      while on points situated in the outer parts only angle and length correlation was
      significant.

PMID- 4061618
TI  - Comparison of distance matrices in studies of population structure and genetic
      microdifferentiation: quadratic assignment.
AB  - Questions concerning the relative effects of various evolutionary forces in
      molding the genetic variability exhibited by groups of human populations have
      typically been investigated by comparing a variety of genetic and
      cultural/historical "distance" matrices. A major methodological difficulty has
      been the lack of formal testing procedures with which to assess the degree of
      confirmation or disconfirmation of an estimated measure of relationship between
      such matrices. In this paper, we examine a very flexible matrix combinatorial
      procedure which generates statistical significance levels for correlational
      measures of pattern similarity between distance matrices. A recent generalization
      of the basic procedure to the three-matrix case allows questions concerning which
      of two matrices best fits a third matrix to be formally tested. Applications of
      these hypothesis testing and inference procedures to two separate sets of
      genetic, geographic, and cultural distance matrices illustrates their potential
      for finally solving a long-standing problem in anthropological genetics.

PMID- 4061619
TI  - Socioeconomic variation in the growth status of children in a subsistence
      agricultural community.
AB  - Socioeconomic variation in the growth status of 293 children, 6 through 13 years
      of age, from a rural subsistence agricultural community in southern Mexico was
      considered. Socioeconomic status was based on an index developed from
      landholdings, household goods, and occupation, and households were classified as
      high and low status. Growth measurements included weight, stature, sitting
      height, estimated leg length, arm and estimated arm muscle circumferences,
      triceps skinfold, and right gripping strength. The growth status of boys showed a
      clear socioeconomic differential, while that of girls did not. The results are
      consistent with the generalization that males are more influenced by
      environmental stresses than females, including, of course, the favorable stress
      of improved socioeconomic circumstances, even within seemingly single-class rural
      communities.

PMID- 4061620
TI  - Application of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to seasonal phenomena may be
      inappropriate.
AB  - The Kolmogorov-Smirnov one-sample test is sometimes used to test seasonality in
      births or other annually cyclic phenomena. However, it is shown that the maximum
      deviation from expected (D) may differ by a factor of almost two if the cycle is
      initiated in different months. Thus, different results are possible from the same
      data. Unless there is a logical initiation point in a cycle, it is probably
      better to use other nonparametric statistical tests.

PMID- 4061621
TI  - Associations between dermatoglyphic variation, topography, and climate in Kenya.
AB  - Correlations between a number of dermatoglyphic finger and palmar taxonomic
      traits relating to 57 male and 53 female Kenyan populations, and altitude and
      mean annual rainfall are significant, not only in terms of the full range of
      samples, but also when samples are divided into independent smaller groups. These
      results are discussed and contrasted with those of other studies which have found
      no relationships between dermatoglyphic variation and climate in sub-Saharan
      Africa.

PMID- 4061622
TI  - A family study of dermatoglyphic traits in India: a search for major gene effects
      on palmar pattern ridge counts.
AB  - Palmar pattern ridge counts were subjected to segregation analysis in an attempt
      to identify possible major gene effects on these dermatoglyphic traits. The
      phenotypes considered were total palmar pattern ridge count, and ridge counts for
      the right interdigital III and IV and left interdigital IV individual palmar
      areas (sample sizes were too small for the other palmar areas). Evidence of
      familial resemblance was found for all of the phenotypes studied, and initial
      evidence for a major effect was found for all but the right palm interdigital III
      ridge count. However, this initial evidence could be attributed to nongenetic
      effects in each case, including skewness in the trait distribution. Tests for
      agreement with Mendelian transmission frequencies were found to be very useful in
      discriminating between a non-Mendelian major effect and a major gene. We
      concluded against a major gene effect for any of these traits, and multifactorial
      inheritance remains a plausible alternative explanation for the familial
      resemblance.

PMID- 4061623
TI  - A family study of dermatoglyphic traits in India: resolution of genetic and
      uterine environmental effects for palmar pattern ridge counts.
AB  - The inheritance of palmar pattern ridge counts for individual palmar areas,
      combined distal areas, and all ten areas combined was investigated in families
      belonging to two strictly endogamous Brahmin castes of peninsular India. Ridge
      count phenotypes were obtained by the method proposed by Malhotra et al. (1981a),
      however, zero observations (indicating patterns not circumscribed by triradii)
      were excluded from analysis. Path analytic methods were applied in order to
      determine the relative influences of polygenes, intrauterine environment, and
      residual environment. The proportion of genetic variation was, in general,
      consistently greater in one population than the other, and significant
      intrauterine environmental effects were detected for the population with lower
      heritabilities. The results of this investigation suggest that a simple polygenic
      model may not be sufficient to explain the inheritance of ridge counts in the
      interdigital IV configurational area. Distal pattern ridge counts do not appear
      to be influenced by more or less uterine environmental effects than all areas
      considered together. The proportion of genetic variation for the total palmar
      pattern ridge count was 52% in both populations.

PMID- 4061624
TI  - Accuracy and reliability of a new sliding caliper.
AB  - There are several types of sliding calipers, but most are expensive and not
      capable of measuring large body dimensions such as arm length or knee height in
      older children and adults. A new sliding caliper from Mediform can accurately
      measure lengths from 0.0 to 80.0 cm. This caliper is slightly more accurate than
      a Holtain sliding caliper, and its cost is low.

PMID- 4061625
TI  - Superoxide dismutase: tissue, cellular, and subcellular distribution in adult
      canine heart.
AB  - Cell-free extracts of canine myocardial tissue were found to contain two
      biochemically and electrophoretically distinct superoxide dismutases (SOD), an
      enzyme that provides defense against the deleterious effect of superoxide
      radicals (O2.-). Polyacrylamide gel (7.5%) electrophoresis revealed two distinct
      bands of SOD activity: a slower moving band [retardation factor (Rf) = 0.4]
      resembling the manganese SOD found in bacteria and mitochondria (which is not
      inhibited by 2.5 mM cyanide) and a faster moving band (Rf = 0.75) that is
      sensitive to cyanide. In contrast, extracts from isolated adult canine cardiac
      myocytes were found to contain only the cyanide-insensitive SOD. Extracts of
      whole myocardium and isolated cardiac myocytes contain 22.3 +/- 1.2 and 27.0 +/-
      1.5 U cyanide-insensitive SOD/mg protein, respectively. However, the activity of
      cyanide-sensitive SOD in these fractions is 7.9 +/- 2.0 (tissue) and 1.5 +/- 1.4
      (cells) U/mg protein. Cardiac myocyte SOD activity was particulate in nature, and
      the major part of the SOD activity was associated with heavy mitochondrial
      fractions. The biologic significance of this higher activity of SOD in the
      heavier mitochondrial fraction remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 4061626
TI  - Selective induction of manganous superoxide dismutase in human monocytes.
AB  - Radioimmunoassays for both human copper-zinc and manganous superoxide dismutases
      (Cu-Zn SOD and Mn SOD, respectively) have been developed, validated, and utilized
      to measure the concentrations of these enzymes in cultured monocytes. Monocyte Mn
      SOD increased 4.7-fold over basal during 3 days of culture, an increase that was
      markedly enhanced by stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cu-Zn
      SOD showed a transient decrease over the culture period but was unaffected by
      LPS. Stimulation with muramyl dipeptide had minimal effect on Mn SOD and no
      effect on Cu-Zn SOD during culture, even at a concentration capable of activating
      the monocytes, as defined by zymosan-induced superoxide production.

PMID- 4061627
TI  - Salt and acid studies on canine lingual epithelium.
AB  - A section of dog tongue just anterior to the circumvallate papillae was placed in
      an Ussing chamber and characterized with respect to monovalent cation transport
      pathways, response to HCl, and the interaction between salt and acid for the
      purposes of determining whether ion transport through the tongue is related to
      the transduction process. The primary findings of this work follow. The
      stimulation of the short-circuit current (Isc) with decreasing pH on the dorsal
      surface results from a net Cl- efflux through an amiloride- and ouabain
      insensitive pathway that changed its selectivity from cationic at neutral pH to
      anionic at lower pH values. The stimulation is abolished at isotonic NaCl
      concentrations. This behavior would not be predicted from the proton-binding
      model to a "sour receptor" as suggested by Beidler (Handbook of Sensory
      Physiology; Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1971). In symmetrical solutions of Krebs
      Henseleit buffer, Isc is inhibited 30% by 10(-4) M amiloride on the mucosal side
      and 100% by 10(-3) M ouabain on the serosal side. These results coupled with net
      Cl- and Na+ flux measurements show that Isc is due to a net Cl- efflux. With 1.0
      M NaCl on the dorsal side, 10(-4) M amiloride inhibits Isc 84%. In contrast, when
      the mucosal surface is bathed in KCl (1.0 M), CsCl (1.0 M), or HCl (10(-3) M),
      Isc is insensitive to both 10(-4) M amiloride and/or 10(-3) M ouabain. These data
      suggest that K+, Cs+, and H+ traverse the tongue through different pathways from
      Na+ and are not energized by a Na+ gradient.

PMID- 4061628
TI  - Donnan equilibrium and pH gradient in isolated tracheal apical membrane vesicles.
AB  - Apical plasma membrane vesicles isolated from bovine tracheal epithelium were
      found to possess both an electrical potential gradient (delta psi) and a
      transmembrane pH gradient (delta pH). The delta psi was calculated from the
      distribution of 86Rb+ in the presence of the ionophore valinomycin, and delta pH
      was determined from the distribution of [14C]methylamine under conditions of
      apparent equilibrium. Maximal values for delta psi of -54.3 +/- 2.5 mV and for
      delta pH of 0.75 +/- 0.07 pH units were obtained under low ionic strength
      conditions. Increasing the ionic strength by the addition of 50 mM of either
      permeant or impermeant electrolytes reduced delta psi to near zero values. The
      delta pH varied in parallel with the delta psi. The results suggest that both
      86Rb+ in the presence of valinomycin and H+ are in a Donnan equilibrium with
      impermeant negative charge in the vesicle interior.

PMID- 4061629
TI  - Na-Pi cotransport in LLC-PK1 cells: fast adaptive response to Pi deprivation.
AB  - A short-term regulation of the Na-dependent transport of Pi in LLC-PK1 cells by
      the extracellular concentration of Pi is described. Pi deprivation of the cells
      for 10 min led to an increase (30%) of the Na-Pi cotransport activity, whereas
      the Na-dependent D-glucose transport system was not affected. This regulatory
      phenomenon was not affected by the presence of cycloheximide. The same adaptive
      response was observed in apical membrane vesicles isolated from rapidly adapted
      cells. In the isolated membranes, increased Na-Pi cotransport is characterized by
      an increase of the maximal rate of uptake (control: 193 +/- 15; adapted: 306 +/-
      51 pmol X mg-1 X 15 s-1), whereas the apparent Km for Pi remained constant. The
      results suggest that LLC-PK1 cells possess a mechanism or mechanisms that allow a
      rapid "activation" and "inactivation" of Na-dependent Pi transport systems as a
      function of the concentration of the extracellular Pi.

PMID- 4061630
TI  - Skeletal muscle protein synthesis and degradation in vitro: effects of
      temperature.
AB  - We compared the structure, function, protein synthesis, and degradation of 70- to
      95-mg rat soleus muscles during 120 min of incubation at 20 and 37 degrees C. At
      37 degrees C, muscles were characterized by a damaged central core region and a
      decline of isometric tension development during incubation. Protein synthesis in
      the core region at 37 degrees C was depressed relative to the peripheral region.
      At 20 degrees C, developed tension remained constant during incubation, and
      synthesis rates in the core region were not different from the peripheral region.
      Compared with fresh muscle, ATP concentration after incubation was not affected
      by temperature. After equilibration of phenylalanine specific activity between
      extracellular and intracellular spaces (60 min at 20 degrees C; 30 min at 37
      degrees C), rates of protein synthesis at 20 [0.048 nmol tyrosine (Tyr) X mg wet
      mass-1 X 2 h-1] and 37 degrees C (0.160 nmol Tyr X mg wet mass-1 X 2 h-1) were
      linear up to 180 and 120 min, respectively. Rates of protein degradation at 20
      (0.076 nmol Tyr X mg wet mass-1 X 2 h-1) and 37 degrees C (0.248 nmol Tyr X mg
      wet mass-1 X 2 h-1) measured after 60 min were linear up to 180 and 120 min,
      respectively. Incubation at 20 degrees C offers an approach to study 70- to 95-mg
      muscles in vitro without compromising structure and function.

PMID- 4061631
TI  - Polarity of volume-regulatory increase by Necturus gallbladder epithelium.
AB  - Necturus gallbladder epithelial cells respond to the presence of a hypertonic
      perfusate in either bathing solution by first shrinking due to osmotic water loss
      and then swelling back to their original volume (volume-regulatory increase).
      Previous investigations involving increases in the osmolality of the mucosal bath
      had suggested that volume-regulatory increase was due to the activation of ion
      exchangers in the apical cell membrane. In the present study the sidedness of the
      transport processes involved in volume-regulatory increase was investigated. The
      osmolality of the serosal bath was increased by 18% either in the absence of HCO3
      or when an inhibitor of volume-regulatory increase, 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene
      2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), was added to the mucosal or serosal bath. Volume
      regulation was HCO3- dependent. DIDS was only effective in inhibiting volume
      regulation when it was added to mucosal bathing solution, suggesting that volume
      regulatory increase depended on transport across the apical membrane. Volume
      regulatory increase could also be activated by first swelling the cells in
      hypotonic solution and then returning the tissue to control Ringer solution. The
      volume-regulatory increase that occurred upon return to control Ringer was also
      shown to be sensitive to DIDS in the mucosal bath.

PMID- 4061632
TI  - Effect of renal ischemia on cortical microsomal calcium accumulation.
AB  - Mitochondrial respiration, Ca2+ content, and Ca2+ kinetics have been found to be
      profoundly altered in ischemic acute renal failure (ARF). The effect of clamping
      the bilateral renal artery for 50 and 90 min on microsomal Ca2+ uptake was
      therefore examined in the rat. The 50-min clamping produced a reversible model of
      nonoliguric ARF, and the 90-min clamping produced a model of nonreversible
      oliguric ARF. In the 50-min nonoliguric model, ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake by
      microsomes from renal cortex (nmol X mg protein-1 X 30 min-1) was significantly
      impaired immediately before release of the clamp and before return of renal blood
      flow (reflow) (191 +/- 11 vs. 83 +/- 11, P less than 0.005). However, in this
      nonoliguric model of ischemic ARF, microsomal uptake returned completely to
      normal after 1 h of reflow (sham 189 +/- 11 vs. 167 +/- 14 at 1 h, NS) and
      persisted at this normal level at 24 h (sham 166 +/- 14 vs. 150 +/- 13 at 24 h,
      NS). In the oliguric model of ARF the microsomal Ca2+ uptake also was impaired
      immediately after the clamp release (sham 191 +/- 11 vs. 93 +/- 11, P less than
      0.001) as well as after 1 h of reflow (sham 189 +/- 11 vs. 129 +/- 12, P less
      than 0.005) but not at 24 h (sham 166 +/- 14 vs. 173 +/- 13, NS). The results
      indicate that impaired microsomal Ca2+ uptake occurs early in both oliguric and
      nonoliguric ARF and persists after 1 h of reflow in the oliguric model.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4061633
TI  - Kinetics of Cl-dependent K influx in human erythrocytes with and without external
      Na: effect of NEM.
AB  - The majority of the ouabain-insensitive K influx in human erythrocytes is
      dependent on the presence of Cl. Recent studies have shown that a portion of the
      Cl-dependent K influx persists in the absence of external Na (Nao). It has been
      suggested that this Nao-independent component represents (K + Cl) cotransport,
      whereas the remainder of the Cl-dependent K influx seen on addition of external
      Na represents (Na + K + 2Cl) cotransport. In the present studies, the kinetics of
      Cl-dependent K influx were examined in the presence and absence of external Na,
      by varying external K and external Cl. Our studies suggest that the Nao
      independent Cl-dependent pathway has a relatively low affinity for external K (Km
      17-30 mM) in contrast to the high affinity of the Nao-augmented component (Km 3-4
      mM). N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) stimulates the maximal velocity of the Nao
      independent Cl-dependent K influx achievable without alteration of intracellular
      solutes but does not alter its Km for external K. In contrast, NEM has no
      stimulatory effect on the Nao-augmented component. The Cl dependence of the Nao
      independent K influx is best described by a relatively flat curve with a mild
      upward concavity. The kinetic properties of the Nao-independent component of Cl
      dependent K transport are very similar to those of the putative (K + Cl)
      cotransport pathway seen in low-K sheep erythrocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4061634
TI  - Submicron tip breakage and silanization control improve ion-selective
      microelectrodes.
AB  - Probable causes of failure of otherwise well-constructed liquid ion-exchanger
      (LIE) micro-electrodes of average tip size less than 0.15 micron were examined.
      The problem could be attributed to two major variables, both localized at the
      tip: partial tip occlusion during fabrication prevents the generation of an
      electromotive force (small or absent slope and/or selectivity, high resistance);
      or poor hydrophobicity of the tip permits water to displace the resin from the
      tip (small or absent slope and/or selectivity and low electrode resistance).
      Controlled dry tip breakage on paper coated with glassine to final tip sizes well
      below 0.5 micron (confirmed by scanning electron microscopy) improves the yield
      of usable electrodes severalfold. Adequate silanization of the tip and consequent
      retention of resin at the tip can be predicted from the contact angles observed
      at the glass-LIE-backfilling solution interface. Satisfactory silanization can be
      achieved despite high ambient humidity. No evidence of shunting of Na+-LIE
      microelectrodes by the glass wall was seen. In the isolated perfused proximal
      tubule of Ambystoma tigrinum, the mean intracellular Na+ activity recorded by
      broken-tip electrodes (13.7 +/- 1.9 meq, n = 4) was similar to that recorded by
      intact electrodes (15.5 +/- 1.1 meq, n = 31).

PMID- 4061635
TI  - Microelectrode measurements from oxyntic cells in intact Necturus gastric mucosa.
AB  - The electrical properties of oxyntic cells were measured in intact isolated
      Necturus fundic mucosa by dissecting away the serosal muscle and connective
      tissue and impaling the oxyntic cells across their basolateral membranes. Their
      properties under resting [i.e., not secreting acid (10(-4) M serosal cimetidine)]
      and stimulated (10(-4) M histamine) conditions were compared with those of
      surface cells impaled across their apical membranes in a separate set of
      experiments. Histamine hyperpolarized the transepithelial potential by 6-10 mV
      and reduced the transepithelial resistance by approximately 40%. The basolateral
      membrane potential (Vcs) of both cell types was significantly hyperpolarized by
      histamine, that of oxyntic cells from a resting value of -50 to -59 mV (P less
      than 0.001) and that of surface cells from -50 to -54 mV (P less than 0.05).
      Histamine also hyperpolarized the apical membrane potential (Vmc) of the oxyntic
      cells; however, the Vmc of surface cells was significantly depolarized. The ratio
      of the apical to basolateral cell membrane resistances Ra/Rb (delta Vmc/delta Vcs
      resulting from transepithelial current pulses) of resting oxyntic cells was 1.1
      and that of surface cells was 3.6. Stimulation did not affect the Ra/Rb of either
      cell type. A tenfold increase in serosal K+ concentration depolarized Vcs and
      increased Ra/Rb of resting and stimulated oxyntic cells, indicating a significant
      basolateral K+ conductance. The results are consistent with a purely passive role
      for surface cells and indicate that stimulation results in a simultaneous
      decrease of both the apical and basolateral membrane resistances of the oxyntic
      cells.

PMID- 4061636
TI  - Effects of ovine maternal hyperglycemia on fetal regional blood flows and
      metabolism.
AB  - Fetal combined ventricular output (CVO) and regional distribution of blood flow
      were measured in 12 ewes in late gestation by the radiolabeled microsphere
      method. Three sets of determinations were made in sequence beginning with a
      control study and repeating the measurements after the ewe had received
      intravenous glucose at 0.35 g X min-1 for 90 min and again after the ewe had
      received glucose at 0.85 g X min-1 for a second 90-min period. Maternal whole
      blood glucose concentrations were 2.98 +/- 0.18 (means +/- SE), 10.43 +/- 0.45,
      and 21.59 +/- 0.90 mM during the respective study periods. Fetal CVO did not
      change during maternal hyperglycemia; however, it was redistributed, with a
      decrease in umbilical blood flow to the placenta from 43.5% of CVO to 31.9 and
      30.8%, respectively. The fetal carcass, heart, intestines, kidneys, liver, and
      adrenals each received increased percent CVO; these increases equaled the
      decrease in placental blood flow. Fetuses became hypoxemic and developed a mixed
      acidemia during induced maternal hyperglycemia, but oxygen delivery to the heart,
      brain, and kidneys was unchanged. These observations indicate that maternal
      hyperglycemia results in previously unsuspected fetal cardiovascular responses.

PMID- 4061637
TI  - Short-term, mixed-diet overfeeding in man: no evidence for "luxuskonsumption".
AB  - After 13 days of weight maintenance diet (13,720 +/- 620 kJ/day, 40% fat, 15%
      protein, and 45% carbohydrate), five young men (71.3 +/- 7.1 kg, 181 +/- 8 cm;
      means +/- SD) were overfed for 9 days at 1.6 times their maintenance requirements
      (i.e., +8,010 kJ/day). Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure (24-h EE) and basal
      metabolic rate (BMR) were measured on three occasions, once after 10 days on the
      weight-maintenance diet and after 2 and 9 days of overfeeding. Physical activity
      was monitored throughout the study, body composition was measured by underwater
      weighing, and nitrogen balance was assessed for 3 days during the two
      experimental periods. Overfeeding caused an increase in body weight averaging 3.2
      kg of which 56% was fat as measured by underwater weighing. After 9 days of
      overfeeding, BMR increased by 622 kJ/day, which could explain one-third of the
      increase in 24-h EE (2,038 kJ/day); the remainder was due to the thermic effect
      of food (which increased in proportion with excess energy intake) and the
      increased cost of physical activity, related to body weight gain. This study
      shows that approximately one-quarter of the excess energy intake was dissipated
      through an increase in EE, with 75% being stored in the body. Under our
      experimental conditions of mixed overfeeding in which body composition
      measurements were combined with those of energy balance, it was possible to
      account for all of the energy ingested in excess of maintenance requirements.

PMID- 4061638
TI  - Hepatic triglyceride hydrolysis and development of ketogenesis in rabbits.
AB  - Ketogenesis from endogenous fatty acids or exogenous oleate plus carnitine has
      been studied in isolated hepatocytes from fetal, newborn, and 70-day-old rabbits.
      During the first 48 h after birth, hepatic triacylglycerol stores decrease by
      80%. The hydrolysis of hepatic triacylglycerol stores has been studied in
      isolated hepatocytes from 24-h-old fasting rabbits by using lysosomal acid lipase
      inhibitors and lysosomotropic agents. Their addition decreases the rates of
      ketone body production by 60-70%, suggesting that hepatic triacylglycerol
      hydrolysis proceeds via an acid lipase located in the lysosomes. Whereas the
      rates of ketogenesis from endogenous or exogenous fatty acids are very low in
      isolated hepatocytes from fetal rabbit, an eightfold increase in the rate of
      ketogenesis occurs between 6 and 24 h after birth; furthermore the hydrolysis of
      triacylglycerol stores is sufficient to support the ketogenic capacity in the
      hepatocytes isolated from 24-h-old rabbits. The emergence of ketogenesis in
      newborn rabbit hepatocytes is triggered by birth-associated factors rather than
      to an accurate stage of fetal maturation. Fatty acids are mainly oxidized in the
      mitochondria because peroxisomal oxidation does not exceed 10-15% of the overall
      beta-oxidation. Isolated hepatocytes incubated with [1-14C]oleate exhibit at
      birth a preferential channeling of fatty acid into esterification (93% of oleate
      metabolized) rather than into oxidation. Conversely oleate oxidation represents
      50% of total oleate metabolized 24 h after birth. Factors involved in this switch
      on of the partition of oleate into esterification and oxidation during the 1st
      day after birth are discussed.

PMID- 4061639
TI  - Effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide on isolated perfused rat kidney.
AB  - Vasoactive intestinal peptide, a polypeptide neurotransmitter, stimulates salt
      secretion by the mammalian intestine and the rectal gland of the dogfish shark.
      Because of the recent identification of vasoactive intestinal peptide in renal
      nerves, the present study was undertaken to investigate its effects on the
      isolated perfused rat kidney. The addition of vasoactive intestinal peptide to
      the recirculating perfusate produced a significant increase in urine volume,
      fractional excretion of sodium, chloride, and potassium, as well as osmolar
      clearance when compared with control kidneys. These changes associated with
      addition of vasoactive intestinal peptide occurred without any significant
      changes in perfusion flow, renal vascular resistance, or inulin clearance. These
      experiments strongly suggest an action of vasoactive intestinal peptide on renal
      tubular reabsorption.

PMID- 4061640
TI  - Interaction of paraquat and amine uptake by rat lungs perfused in situ.
AB  - The kinetics of [14C]paraquat (N,N-di[14C]methyl-4,4'-bipyridylium) uptake from
      the pulmonary circulation were investigated in rat lungs perfused in situ. During
      the 1st h of exposure to the herbicide paraquat entered the lungs primarily by
      diffusion; no evidence was obtained from concentrative uptake, saturation
      kinetics (1-3,500 microM paraquat), or inhibition by the amines methyl-glyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone) or spermidine, both of which were expected to compete for
      paraquat transport sites. In contrast, after 60 min of exposure, uptake rates
      increased two- to three-fold, and paraquat was accumulated to an apparent
      intracellular concentration greater than that in the perfusate. The latter phase
      of paraquat uptake was saturable and was inhibited by methylglyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone); it did not appear to reflect a progressive paraquat-induced
      alteration in cellular permeability but rather predominance of a rapid, carrier
      mediated uptake pathway.

PMID- 4061642
TI  - Testosterone transport in brain: primary role of plasma protein-bound hormone.
AB  - Physiologically based mathematical modeling is used to predict the steady-state
      concentration of intracellular free and bound testosterone in brain. On the basis
      of previous in vivo tracer kinetic studies of blood-to-brain and brain-to-blood
      transport of testosterone in the rat, values are assigned to various
      physiological parameters (hormone association and dissociation reactions with
      plasma and cytosolic binding proteins, capillary transit time, and membrane
      transport). The model does not adhere to the restrictions of the free hormone
      hypothesis and allows for the enhanced transport of hormone from the plasma
      protein-bound pool into the tissue extravascular space. This process is believed
      to occur via an endothelial inhibition of ligand binding to the plasma protein
      without the protein crossing the endothelial wall. The model predicts that the
      steady-state concentration of intracellular free hormone changes in parallel more
      closely to changes in the concentration of plasma protein-bound hormone as
      measured in vitro and not the free hormone as measured in vitro.

PMID- 4061641
TI  - Meal-induced brown fat thermogenesis and thyroid hormone metabolism in rats.
AB  - The relationship between the meal-induced increase in brown adipose tissue (BAT)
      thermogenesis, determined by the level of GDP binding to BAT mitochondria, and
      thyroid hormone metabolism have been examined. A single low-protein, high
      carbohydrate meal resulted in a significant increase in the thermogenic activity
      of BAT. This effect on BAT thermogenesis was accompanied by significant increases
      in activity of thyroxine 5'-monodeiodinase in the BAT (P less than 0.05) and
      liver (P less than 0.02) but not with any significant changes in serum
      concentrations of the thyroid hormones. The stimulatory effects of the meal on
      BAT thermogenesis and hepatic thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) conversion
      persisted at least as late as 24 h after meal onset. Food deprivation for 40 h
      was associated with large reductions in serum concentrations of T3 (P less than
      0.01) and T4 (P less than 0.001), but deprivation for 18 h had no significant
      effect on serum T3 and T4 concentrations. Our data indicate that the meal-induced
      increase in BAT thermogenesis can be independent from changes in serum
      concentrations of thyroid hormones and suggest that T3 produced in BAT in
      response to feeding may play a role in the thermic response of this tissue to
      meals.

PMID- 4061643
TI  - Effect of starvation on amino acid and peptide transport and peptide hydrolysis
      in humans.
AB  - Jejunal disappearance rates of glycine (a model for neutral amino acid
      absorption), triglycine (a model for peptide transport), and tetraglycine (a
      model for brush-border membrane hydrolysis) were investigated by an in situ
      perfusion technique before and after 2 wk of starvation in seven obese
      volunteers. The three test solutions of glycine, triglycine, and tetraglycine
      were equivalent in glycine content. Before starvation glycine absorption was
      greatest from the triglycine solution and smallest from the glycine solution.
      Starvation significantly decreased glycine absorption from both glycine and
      triglycine solutions, but not from the tetraglycine solution. However, glycine
      absorption was still significantly greater from the triglycine and tetraglycine
      solutions than from the glycine solution. Starvation had no significant effect on
      the disappearance rate of triglycine, but it increased the disappearance rate of
      tetraglycine. We conclude that a) starvation has different effects on functions
      of mucosal brush-border membrane, for example, it reduces amino acid absorption
      but enhances peptide hydrolysis; and b) the greater amino acid absorption from
      peptides is maintained even after 2 wk of starvation, suggesting that peptides
      are superior to free amino acids as the nitrogen source for enteral nutrition if
      employed in malnutrition.

PMID- 4061644
TI  - Ontogenesis of intestinal transport of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in the rat.
AB  - Developmental aspects of the intestinal transport of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5
      CH3H4-PteGlu) were studied in suckling (14-day-old), weanling (22-day-old), and
      adult (90-day-old) rats by use of the intestinal everted-sac technique. Mucosal
      to-serosal transport of 0.5 microM 5-CH3H4PteGlu was linear with time for 40-min
      incubation and occurred at a rate of 0.035, 0.032, and 0.010 nmol X g initial
      tissue wet wt-1 X min-1 for suckling, weanling, and adult rats, respectively. The
      transport of 5-CH3H4PteGlu in all age groups was pH dependent (maximal at pH 6)
      and was higher in the jejunum than in the ileum. In all age groups the transport
      of 5-CH3H4PteGlu occurred by an active carrier-mediated system. The system was
      saturable; energy, temperature, and Na dependent; inhibited by structural
      analogues; and capable of accumulating the substrate against a concentration
      gradient. Kinetic parameters of the transport process, however, showed some
      difference. A progressive decrease in Vmax was observed from suckling to weanling
      to adult rats (5.1, 3.7, and 0.8 nmol X g initial tissue wet wt-1 X 30 min-1,
      respectively), while apparent Kt was similar (2.2, 1.73, and 1.79 microM,
      respectively). This study demonstrates that the transport system of 5-CH3H4PteGlu
      in the rat is fully developed at the suckling age. The results also suggest that
      the activity and/or the number, but not the affinity, of the transport carriers
      decrease with maturation.

PMID- 4061645
TI  - Control mechanism of spontaneous in vitro contractions of the opossum sphincter
      of Oddi.
AB  - We evaluated the control mechanism of peristaltic contractions in the opossum
      sphincter of Oddi (SO) by means of an in vitro preparation. At each of four sites
      spaced uniformly along the sphincter segment, a force transducer recorded
      contractions while a monopolar electrode recorded myoelectric activity.
      Spontaneous myoelectric and contractile activity occurred in 15 of the 20 intact
      SO specimens studied. Electrical recordings showed characteristic control waves
      and response activity. Each control wave was invariably accompanied by a phasic
      contraction, irrespective of whether or not response activity was superimposed on
      the control wave. The predominant motor activity of the SO was antegrade
      peristalsis. Retrograde peristalsis occurred when antegrade peristalsis failed to
      traverse the entire sphincter. Spontaneous SO phasic contractions were not
      antagonized by tetrodotoxin. Muscle rings sectioned from the SO exhibited
      spontaneous phasic contractions with a proximal-to-distal gradient of intrinsic
      contraction frequencies. We conclude that a) the frequency of SO phasic
      contractions is determined by control wave frequency, b) spontaneous SO
      peristalsis is myogenic in origin and may be modeled by a linear array of
      bidirectionally coupled relaxation oscillators, c) the predominance of antegrade
      peristalsis may be explained by a high-frequency oscillator in the proximal SO
      that drives the slower, more distal oscillators, d) retrograde peristalsis is
      initiated by an ectopic oscillator in the distal SO when antegrade contractions
      fail to propagate the entire length of the SO, and e) ectopic SO contractions can
      propagate retrograde when the more proximal oscillators are not in their
      absolutely refractory state.

PMID- 4061646
TI  - Relation between antral motility and gastric emptying of solids and liquids in
      humans.
AB  - Our aim was to test the hypothesis that there is a relation between antral phasic
      pressure activity and the emptying of solids and liquids from the intact human
      stomach after a mixed meal. This hypothesis was evaluated in 14 healthy
      individuals in whom we performed simultaneous antral manometry and
      radioscintigraphy after ingestion of a meal labeled with [99mTc]sulfur colloid in
      cooked egg (solid component) and [111In]DTPA (liquid component). Analysis of the
      data included an in-depth evaluation of different models for expressing both
      gastric emptying rates and antral pressure activity. We found that gastric
      emptying was adequately represented by a two-phase model consisting of lag and
      emptying periods and by a power exponential model for the liquid phase. Distal
      antral motility was accurately represented by the slope of the cumulative antral
      motility index. During the lag period for solids, the antral motility was
      inversely related to the duration of the lag. During the solid-emptying period,
      there was a positive correlation between emptying of solids and antral motility.
      No significant relation was found between antral motility and overall emptying of
      the liquid phase of the meal. However, a relationship was found when antral
      motility was related to liquid emptying after an initial lag period for solids.
      These human data are consistent with a role of antral pressure activity in
      trituration of solid food and a role of the antrum in the subsequent propulsion
      of solids and liquids from the stomach.

PMID- 4061647
TI  - Simultaneous reflex inhibition of lower esophageal sphincter and crural diaphragm
      in cats.
AB  - We have previously suggested that both the lower esophageal sphincter and
      diaphragm contribute to the high-pressure zone (HPZ) at the gastroesophageal
      junction. The purpose of this study in anesthetized cats was to compare changes
      in diaphragmatic electrical activity with changes in the intraluminal pressure
      profile in the HPZ following either balloon distension of the esophagus or
      swallowing evoked by pharyngeal stimulation. Intraluminal pressure was
      continuously recorded by a perfused manometric assembly anchored to the gastric
      fundus through an abdominal surgical approach. Integrated EMG was simultaneously
      measured in the costal and crural parts of the diaphragm. Our results indicate
      that simultaneous relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and crural
      diaphragm follows both swallowing and balloon distension of the esophagus; during
      swallowing both inhibitory reflexes depend on the initiation of esophageal
      peristalsis; crural relaxation abolishes respiratory-induced pressure
      oscillations in the HPZ during LES relaxation; ventilation is maintained during
      relaxation of the HPZ in part by continued contraction of the costal diaphragm;
      and different neural pathways control LES relaxation and crural relaxation. The
      data support the view that the crural diaphragm augments the intrinsic smooth
      muscle sphincter mechanism at the gastroesophageal junction and that crural
      relaxation may be an important factor in mouth-to-gastric transit.

PMID- 4061648
TI  - pH gradient-stimulated sulfate transport by rabbit ileal brush-border membrane
      vesicles: evidence for SO4-OH exchange.
AB  - In the presence of a pH gradient (7.7 inside, 5.5 outside), the initial velocity
      of SO4 uptake by rabbit ileal brush-border membrane (BBM) vesicles was markedly
      stimulated compared with uptake in the absence of a pH gradient. Under pH
      gradient conditions, SO4 was transiently accumulated at a concentration 13-fold
      higher than at equilibrium ("overshoot"). Superimposition of a HCO3 gradient did
      not further stimulate the initial velocity of SO4 uptake compared with a pH
      gradient alone. Evidence that this pH gradient-stimulated SO4 uptake represented
      SO4-OH exchange included lack of sensitivity of SO4 transport to alterations of
      the membrane potential; 85-95% inhibition of SO4 uptake by the anion exchange
      inhibitors DIDS and SITS; and saturation kinetics (Km for SO4 = 0.475 +/- 0.054
      mM; Vmax = 4.1 +/- 0.1 nmol SO4 X mg prot-1 X min-1). Sulfate did not inhibit pH
      gradient-stimulated 36Cl uptake, indicating that SO4-OH and Cl-HCO3(OH) are
      different exchangers. When BBM vesicles were compared with basolateral membrane
      (BLM) vesicles, pH gradient-stimulated SO4 uptake was found predominantly in the
      BBM preparation. Brush-border SO4-OH exchange was further localized by
      demonstrating Na-stimulated SO4 efflux from vesicles loaded under pH gradient
      conditions, suggesting that Na-SO4 cotransport and SO4-OH exchange are on the
      same BBM vesicles. In conclusion, a SO4-OH exchanger (or H-SO4 cotransporter)
      exists on the brush border of rabbit ileum which is distinct from the brush
      border Cl-HCO3(OH) exchanger.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4061650
TI  - Regulation of fasting canine duodenal bile acid delivery by sphincter of Oddi and
      gallbladder.
AB  - Bile delivery into the duodenum during fasting is rhythmic and coordinated with
      the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC). To determine the role of the sphincter
      of Oddi (SO) and gallbladder (GB) in regulating duodenal bile acid delivery,
      three dogs were surgically prepared with a duodenal cannula and eight bipolar
      electrodes implanted from the duodenum to the terminal ileum. Fasting intestinal
      myoelectric activity was recorded during continuous intravenous infusion of
      [14C]taurocholic acid (TCA). Duodenal delivery of TCA was quantitated under four
      conditions: indirectly with the SO intact monitoring output with duodenal marker
      perfusion and directly with the SO cannulated and draining at three levels to
      vary outflow resistance (5 cm above, level with, or 20 cm below the SO). GB
      filling or emptying represented the algebraic difference between hepatic
      secretion (equal to the intravenous infusion rate) and rate of TCA delivery into
      the duodenum. With the sphincter intact the rate of bile acid delivery averaged
      one-half the intravenous infusion rate at 0-40% of the MMC cycle period, rose to
      exceed the intravenous infusion rate at 60-70% of the cycle period, and then fell
      to lower levels before the next MMC began. The pattern of delivery was identical
      with the SO cannulated, but the rate and percent infused TCA delivered into the
      duodenum depended significantly (P less than 0.01) on outflow resistance. They
      were least with the reservoir elevated 5 cm, intermediate when level, and
      greatest when 20 cm lower. Thus, duodenal bile acid delivery and GB filling or
      emptying during fasting were cyclically coordinated with the MMC. Peak rates of
      duodenal bile acid delivery and active GB emptying occur at 70% of the duodenal
      cycle period. Elimination of the SO does not eliminate the pulsatile pattern of
      fasting duodenal bile acid delivery, but outflow resistance determines the
      quantities delivered into the duodenum or stored in the GB. Thus, during the
      interdigestive period the net effect of SO function does not differ from a
      constant output resistance favoring the partition of hepatic biliary secretion
      into the GB and away from the duodenum, while the pulsatile pattern of duodenal
      bile acid delivery associated with the MMC results from cyclic active contraction
      of the GB.

PMID- 4061649
TI  - Effects of cations on pH gradient-stimulated sulfate transport in rabbit ileal
      brush-border membrane vesicles.
AB  - In brush-border membrane vesicles from rabbit ileum, we previously reported pH
      gradient-stimulated SO4 uptake and presented evidence that this represents
      carrier-mediated SO4-OH exchange. In the present study inhibitors of SO4-OH
      exchange (H-SO4 cotransport) were shown not to inhibit Na-SO4 cotransport,
      suggesting that these are two separate carrier-mediated transport mechanisms.
      While pH gradient-stimulated SO4 uptake was inhibited 87% by 0.1 mM 4,4'
      diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, disodium salt (DIDS) and 79% by 1.0
      mM furosemide, Na+-stimulated SO4 uptake was only inhibited 11 and 0%,
      respectively. K+ (20 mM), Cl (5 mM), and oxalate (0.25 mM) inhibited pH gradient
      stimulated SO4 uptake (38-65%) but had no effect on Na+-stimulated SO4 uptake.
      Finally, at Na+ concentrations (10 mM) significantly less than that required for
      Na+-stimulated SO4 uptake (60-100 mM), external Na+ inhibited pH gradient
      stimulated SO4 uptake, suggesting two independent effects of this cation. SO4
      uptake was also inhibited by external K+ both in the presence and absence of a pH
      gradient. A Dixon plot of the DIDS-sensitive SO4 uptake under pH gradient
      conditions yielded a straight line, indicating a single site of interaction
      between external K+ and the SO4-OH carrier (apparent Ki = 7.2 mM). In contrast to
      the inhibition by external K+, internal K+ stimulated SO4 uptake. This effect was
      DIDS sensitive and not enhanced by valinomycin, suggesting an interaction of
      internal K+ with the SO4-OH exchanger independent of a K+-induced electrical
      potential. SO4 uptake and the effects of K+ were pH modulated with less SO4
      uptake and less K+ effect at higher pH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4061651
TI  - Factors influencing triacylglycerol delivery into mesenteric lymph.
AB  - The transport of triacylglycerol (TG) in mesenteric lymph was studied in rats
      with duodenal and mesenteric lymphatic cannulas with or without bile fistulas.
      Rats were infused with 135 mumol glycerol trioleate (TO) for 4 h, followed by 5 h
      of NaCl infusion. Rats with intact fistulas prefed 20% corn oil had nearly twice
      the maximum output of TG in lymph as controls. Decay from peak values was zero
      order for controls and indeterminate for rats prefed corn oil. In rats with bile
      fistulas, less TG was transported in lymph than in those in which 2 mM
      phosphatidylcholine (PC) was added to the infusate. The decay from maximum values
      was zero order for controls and first order for rats infused with PC and TO.
      Recovery of infused [3H]glycerol trioleate in controls was 43% and increased to
      68% on inclusion of PC in the infusate. We conclude that in chow-fed rats lymph
      TG delivery rates were well below infusion rates, suggesting alternate TG
      transport routes, TG transport was improved by supplementing the infusate with PC
      or prefeeding with 20% TG in chow, and PC may be limiting in TG transport in rats
      with bile fistulas.

PMID- 4061652
TI  - Evidence for a DCCD-sensitive component of proximal bicarbonate reabsorption.
AB  - To examine the possible contribution of active H+ secretion mediated by brush
      border enzymes to proximal tubule HCO-3 absorption, paired reperfusions of
      surface proximal convoluted tubules were performed with the inhibitor
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD). In control studies using a solution devoid of
      HCO-3 but containing 5.5 mM glucose, 1 mM DCCD had no effect on glucose or fluid
      (Na+) absorption, suggesting that this inhibitor did not interfere with sodium
      entry at the brush border or mitochondrial energy production (ATP synthesis). In
      experiments using a perfusion solution containing 18-25 mM HCO-3, DCCD caused a
      fall in absolute CO2 absorption of approximately 15% under eucapneic conditions
      and 30% during acute hypercapnia. One millimole per liter amiloride (an inhibitor
      of the passive Na+-H+ exchanger) caused a 15% inhibition of CO2 absorption during
      acute hypercapnia and a disproportionately large reduction in fluid (Na+)
      absorption. The latter was not due to cell poisoning, since 1 mM amiloride had no
      inhibitory effect on fluid or glucose absorption when a HCO-3-free perfusion
      solution was used. Addition of 1 mM DCCD to a perfusion solution containing
      either 10(-3) M amiloride or 10(-4) M acetazolamide caused a significant
      inhibition of CO2 absorption compared with amiloride or acetazolamide alone. The
      observations are consistent with the view that in addition to passive Na+-H+
      exchange, active transport mediated by either a H+-ATPase or a redox-driven H+
      pump in the brush border contributes significantly to HCO-3 absorption in the
      proximal tubule.

PMID- 4061653
TI  - Urate and p-aminohippurate transport in rat renal basolateral vesicles.
AB  - We examined the transport of urate in basolateral membrane vesicles from the rat
      kidney and determined the relationship between the transport of urate and p
      aminohippurate (PAH). Urate was not converted to allantoin, and the uptake of
      urate represented transport into an osmotically active intravesicular space. The
      10-s uptake of 53 microM [14C]urate in basolateral vesicles was inhibited 39 +/-
      6, 49 +/- 10, and 35 +/- 3% by (in mM) external 2.4 probenecid, 2.4 DIDS, and 1.4
      unlabeled urate, respectively. The 10-s uptake of 353 microM [14C]urate was trans
      stimulated 82 +/- 8% by preloading basolateral vesicles with 1.5 mM unlabeled
      urate. The uptake of urate was stimulated by an outwardly directed gradient for
      Cl- (Cl-in = 25 mM, Cl-out = 5 mM). This effect was not consequent to a more
      electropositive intravesicular space, as monitored by the voltage-sensitive
      sodium-L-malate cotransport system. The Cl- gradient-stimulated component of
      urate uptake in basolateral vesicles was not cis-inhibited by 4.8 mM PAH, whereas
      Cl gradient-stimulated urate uptake in brush border vesicles was cis-inhibited 43
      +/- 5% by PAH. In the absence of Cl-, 4.8 mM PAH did not cis-inhibit, and 5.4 mM
      PAH or 6.4 mM lactate did not trans-stimulate the uptake of urate in basolateral
      vesicles, contrasting with results obtained with brush border vesicles. The
      uptake of urate in basolateral vesicles was not stimulated by external Na+
      relative to K+, Li+, or Cs+. In contrast, PAH uptake in basolateral vesicles was
      stimulated 87 +/- 9% by external Na+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4061654
TI  - Effects of acute uninephrectomy and age on renal blood flow autoregulation in the
      rat.
AB  - We previously showed that renal autoregulatory behavior is modified by both
      normal and compensatory renal growth. To determine whether the hemodynamic
      changes precede an increase in renal mass, the relationship of renal blood flow
      (RBF) to renal perfusion pressure (RPP) was examined in the remaining kidney of
      anesthetized young and adult rats 30 min following contralateral nephrectomy. In
      young control animals 32-41 days old, an autoregulation factor (AF) of 0.37 +/-
      0.10 (SE) over RPP 70-100 mmHg indicates efficient autoregulation and did not
      change during the experiment. Acute uninephrectomy in young hydropenic rats
      resulted in a 16% increase in RBF at normal RPP, and AF increased to 1.22 +/-
      0.34 for RPP 70-100 mmHg, reflecting marked impairment of autoregulation. In
      young animals in which saline infusion was not reduced at the time of
      uninephrectomy, RBF increased 22% at normal RPP, and autoregulation was similarly
      impaired (AF 0.92 +/- 0.12 for RPP 70-100 mmHg). Acute uninephrectomy in adult
      rats resulted in a 13% increase in RBF, with better preservation of AF (0.48 +/-
      0.09) over the adult autoregulatory range (RPP 100-130 mmHg). These findings
      indicate that profound hemodynamic changes take place in the remaining kidney
      within 30 min of acute uninephrectomy and that they are qualitatively similar to
      those observed after compensatory hypertrophy has developed.

PMID- 4061655
TI  - Role of inner medullary collecting duct NaCl transport in urinary concentration.
AB  - Mathematical modeling and simulation techniques were used to analyze the role of
      medullary collecting duct NaCl transport in the urinary concentrating process.
      The mathematical model incorporated experimentally determined epithelial
      transport parameters and anatomical parameters obtained chiefly from experiments
      in rabbit kidneys. The simulations predict that solute concentration profiles
      along the medullary collecting ducts are highly sensitive to the rate and pattern
      of active NaCl absorption along the length of the collecting duct system. When
      active NaCl absorption was assumed to be zero in the outer medullary collecting
      duct and to increase along the inner medulla to a very high value at the
      papillary tip, the simulated solute concentration profiles in the medullary
      collecting ducts as well as relative concentrations between different inner
      medullary structures agreed well with experimental data. However, despite optimal
      choice of collecting duct transport parameters and the use of experimentally
      determined permeability coefficients, only modest total solute gradients could be
      generated axially in the inner medullary interstitium, and passive luminal
      dilution did not occur in the thin ascending limb. We conclude: 1) Axial
      heterogeneity of transport properties along the inner medullary collecting duct
      must be assumed to explain in vivo findings from micropuncture and
      microcatheterization studies. 2) Active NaCl transport from the inner medullary
      collecting ducts is important chiefly for efficient conservation of NaCl rather
      than for concentration of solutes in the renal inner medulla. 3) Important
      inconsistencies exist between several previously reported experimental
      observations and the theoretical requirements for passive luminal dilution in the
      thin ascending limb of Henle's loop.

PMID- 4061656
TI  - Effect of ADH on chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle of the Brattleboro
      rat.
AB  - Both in vivo superficial loop segment microperfusion and in vitro perfusion of
      isolated medullary thick ascending limb segments were used to assess the effect
      of vasopressin on loop of Henle chloride absorption in the Brattleboro rat.
      Superficial loop segments were perfused between the latest proximal and earliest
      distal tubule in vivo at 19.2 +/- 0.4 nl/min (mean +/- SE) with an artificial
      tubule fluid. Under control conditions, absolute chloride reabsorption was 1,596
      +/- 61 pmol/min and increased to 1,876 +/- 102 after intravenous infusion of
      vasopressin (P less than 0.005). Distal tubule fluid chloride concentration
      decreased 4.6 +/- 1.5 meq/liter (P less than 0.05), and fractional chloride
      reabsorption increased 4.8 +/- 2.0% (P less than 0.05). For in vitro perfusion,
      medullary thick ascending limb segments were bathed and perfused (9-15 nl/min)
      with phosphate-buffered solutions at 38 degrees C. Under control conditions,
      transepithelial voltage was +2.4 +/- 0.3 mV, lumen positive, and the net chloride
      flux was 147 +/- 24 pmol X min-1 X mm-1 in the absorptive direction. Addition of
      vasopressin to the bathing solution increased net chloride reabsorption to 342 +/
      56 pmol X min-1 X mm-1 (P less than 0.02) and transepithelial voltage to 3.0 +/-
      0.3 mV (P less than 0.002). An additional group of tubules was examined under
      identical conditions; however, vasopressin was removed from the bathing medium
      during a subsequent recovery period. In these experiments, net chloride flux and
      transepithelial voltage significantly increased compared with the control period
      and returned to control values upon removal of vasopressin from the
      bath.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4061657
TI  - Segmental localization of the rabbit renal proximal tubular Na+-H+ exchange
      system.
AB  - The activity of the Na+-H+ exchanger in rabbit proximal tubule was investigated
      by using luminal membrane vesicles prepared from "outer cortex" (proximal
      convoluted tubule) or "outer medulla" (proximal straight tubule). The purity of
      the preparations was examined by measuring the activity of several marker
      enzymes, and the degree of cross-contamination and the functional state of the
      membrane vesicles were assessed by studying Na+-dependent uptake of D-glucose.
      The Na+ uptake by pars convoluta membrane vesicles exhibited an overshoot in the
      presence of an intravesicular greater than extravesicular H+ gradient. The
      overshoot was eliminated by omitting or reversing the transmembranal H+ gradient
      or by adding amiloride. In contrast, Na+ uptake by pars recta membrane vesicles
      did not show an overshoot and was independent of H+ gradients and of amiloride.
      However, Na+ uptake by pars recta membrane vesicles pretreated with monensin
      exhibited an overshoot. This overshoot apparently was amiloride insensitive. The
      findings propose that the Na+-H+ exchanger is predominantly operative in the
      proximal convoluted tubule and is either lacking or of minor significance in the
      proximal straight tubule.

PMID- 4061658
TI  - Vascular and renal effects of leukotriene C4 in conscious rats.
AB  - To investigate the possible renal effects of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) renal function
      was monitored in conscious unrestrained rats. Intravenous injections of 2, 4, and
      8 micrograms/kg LTC4 markedly and dose-dependently elevated urine flow (by 64,
      91, and 133%, respectively) with a concomitant increase in urinary sodium (61,
      81, and 118%) and potassium (39, 50, and 76%) excretion. All changes were
      statistically significant. There was a tendency for glomerular filtration rate to
      increase, but this change reached statistical significance only after the highest
      dose of LTC4. Moreover, 8 micrograms/kg LTC4 reduced p-aminohippurate clearance
      by 33%. A dose-dependent increase in mean arterial pressure (15 mmHg at 2
      micrograms/kg, 20 mmHg at 4 micrograms/kg, and 30 mmHg at 8 micrograms/kg) was
      observed following LTC4 administration. While the administration of FPL 55712, a
      putative antagonist of leukotrienes, had no effect on mean arterial pressure and
      kidney function, it significantly attenuated the vasopressor effect of LTC4 and
      practically completely abolished LTC4-induced changes in both renal hemodynamics
      and water and electrolyte excretion. These results raise the possibility that
      leukotrienes might be involved in the regulation of renal hemodynamics and could
      modify urinary electrolyte excretion under conditions in which leukotriene
      formation is enhanced.

PMID- 4061659
TI  - Regulation of renal ammoniagenesis in the dog with chronic metabolic acidosis:
      effect of a glutamine load.
AB  - We recently emphasized that ATP is an obligatory product of renal glutamine
      metabolism and that all cells must remain in ATP balance. Based on this, we
      suggested that the maximum rate of renal ammoniagenesis in dogs with chronic
      metabolic acidosis may be limited by the rate of ATP utilization in the kidney.
      Since a large infusion of glutamine led to a twofold increase in renal
      ammoniagenesis in acidotic dogs, we wished to evaluate the renal metabolic
      changes that permitted this increment within the constraints of renal ATP
      balance. A large glutamine infusion did not lead to an augmented rate of ATP
      hydrolysis because renal oxygen consumption was not increased. Two major
      metabolic changes could explain this stimulation while maintaining ATP balance:
      first, ATP production from lactate by the kidney was decreased following the
      glutamine infusion; second, the metabolic fate of glutamine was changed so that
      more ammonium per ATP was synthesized (i.e., the rates of amino acid release into
      the renal vein were markedly enhanced, and gluconeogenesis was now a
      quantitatively significant process). 3-Mercaptopicolinate, an inhibitor of
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, when infused with glutamine, apparently
      decreased the calculated rate of gluconeogenesis as expected; however, ammonium
      production did not decline, because the rate of amino acid release increased
      further, as did the rate of oxygen consumption. Therefore, a large glutamine
      infusion increased renal ammoniagenesis in dogs with chronic metabolic acidosis
      while maintaining ATP balance, because ATP production from other substrates was
      decreased and because the fate of glutamine metabolism was altered in that less
      ATP was formed per glutamine utilized.

PMID- 4061660
TI  - Fasting induces denervation natriuresis in the conscious rat.
AB  - The participation of renal nerves in the regulation of sodium excretion was
      studied in fed and overnight-fasted rats subjected to acute or chronic left
      kidney denervation or sham operation. Clearance experiments were performed on
      conscious restrained animals. Urine flow, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and
      urinary sodium excretion were not different in left and right kidneys of sham
      operated rats. In fed conscious rats, urine flow, GFR, and urinary sodium
      excretion of innervated (I) and denervated (D) kidneys were similar. In fasted
      conscious rats, significant denervation natriuresis was observed after both acute
      (I, 1.06 +/- 0.27; D, 1.56 +/- 0.40 mumol . min-1 . g-1, P less than 0.05) and
      chronic (I, 1.55 +/- 0.19; D, 2.20 +/- 0.18 mumol . min-1 . g-1, P less than
      0.01) renal sympathectomy, whereas urine flow and GFR in I and D kidneys were not
      different. Additional experiments revealed that extracellular fluid and plasma
      volumes of fasted rats were decreased by approximately 10% compared with those of
      fed animals due to a significant overnight natriuresis and negative water
      balance. In fed conscious rats, the renal nerves do not seem to participate in
      the regulation of sodium excretion. The presence of denervation natriuresis in
      conscious fasted rats suggests that renal nerves are involved in sodium
      conservation during fasting to maintain extracellular fluid and plasma volume.

PMID- 4061661
TI  - Effects of intraluminal pH and dietary phosphate on phosphate transport in the
      proximal convoluted tubule.
AB  - The proximal tubule cell adjusts its phosphate absorption appropriately to meet
      the needs of the organism. Studies were performed to characterize some of the
      cellular changes involved with dietary phosphate adaptation. First, early
      proximal convoluted tubules were perfused with equilibrium Ringer solutions
      buffered to pH 7.65 or 6.5. Saturation kinetics for phosphate transport were
      determined at each pH value. Rats maintained on a diet of normal phosphate
      composition demonstrated the apparent Jmax and Km parameters about twofold
      greater with intraluminal pH 7.65 vs. pH 6.5. The Jmax values increased to 53.47
      +/- 3.71 and 42.73 +/- 5.48 pmol X min-1 X mm-1, respectively, when the rats were
      placed on a phosphate-restricted diet for 5 days. By contrast, adaptation to a
      high dietary phosphate content resulted in diminished phosphate absorption, 8.53
      +/- 1.80 and 12.87 +/- 1.61 pmol X min-1 X mm-1, for the respective pH 7.65 and
      6.5 values. Second, the effect of peritubule phosphate concentration was
      evaluated at constant intraluminal phosphate concentrations. Unidirectional lumen
      to-blood phosphate efflux was inhibited at all plasma phosphate concentrations in
      animals maintained on normal dietary phosphate. By contrast, rats adapted to a
      low phosphate diet exhibited an increase in phosphate absorption: pH 7.65, 86.21
      +/- 2.63, and pH 6.5, 140.84 +/- 86.76 pmol X min-1 X mm-1 when plasma
      concentrations were elevated two- or three-fold from 2.4 to 6.4 mM. This was
      attributed to enhanced phosphate exchange on the basolateral membrane. Further
      hyperphosphatemic levels, above 6.4 mM, inhibited phosphate absorption. These
      data suggest that net phosphate absorption is determined, in part, by factors
      other than sodium-dependent uptake of phosphate by the brush border membrane
      including intracellular pH and peritubular phosphate that act in concert to
      control renal phosphate absorption.

PMID- 4061662
TI  - Effects of metabolic acidosis, alkalosis, and dietary hydrogen ion intake on
      phosphate transport in the proximal convoluted tubule.
AB  - Early proximal convoluted tubules were perfused in vivo with equilibrium Ringer
      buffered at pH 7.65 and 6.5 to characterize phosphate absorption due to changes
      in extracellular and intracellular hydrogen ion concentration. Phosphate
      absorption is normally greater from intraluminal pH 7.65 compared with pH 6.5 in
      thyroparathyroidectomized rats with fractional phosphate excretion of 0.5%.
      Metabolic alkalosis produced by bicarbonate infusion in rats ingesting normal
      amounts of phosphate (45 mg/day) resulted in an increase in overall renal
      phosphate reabsorption (fractional phosphate excretion 0.3%). The Jmax and Km
      values were: pH 7.65, 33.67 +/- 13.49 pmol X min-1 X mm-1, and 1.74 +/- 0.30 mM;
      pH 6.5, 24.87 +/- 6.22 and 0.50 +/- 0.25, respectively. By contrast, rats on a
      high dietary phosphate intake (180 mg/day) demonstrated a large increase in
      urinary phosphate excretion (18%) following bicarbonate infusion, which was due
      to a decrease in tubular phosphate absorption from both alkaline and acidic
      luminal pH values. Acute metabolic acidosis did not significantly alter tubular
      transport at either intraluminal pH value. In contrast, rats maintained on an
      elevated dietary acid intake for 5 days had a phosphaturia (fractional excretion
      7.1%) and diminished reabsorptive capacity. Dietary acidosis also decreased
      tubular phosphate transport in rats previously maintained on phosphate-restricted
      diets. These data suggest that acid-base balance may modulate tubular phosphate
      transport independent of intraluminal pH and phosphate concentration. Further,
      these changes depend on the chronicity of exposure and act independent but
      integral to the effects of parathyroid hormone and the intrinsic adaptation to
      dietary phosphate availability.

PMID- 4061663
TI  - Glomerular permselectivity in the isolated perfused rat kidney.
AB  - Glomerular permselectivity characteristics were studied in the Sprague-Dawley rat
      in vivo and in the isolated rat kidney perfused with an erythrocyte-free Krebs
      Henseleit buffered 5% albumin solution (IPK). IPK permselectivity in vitro,
      assessed by fractional clearances of neutral dextran (FCND) and dextran sulfate
      (FCDS) with molecular radii 18-43 A, was essentially similar to that of the
      Sprague-Dawley rat in vivo. The negative charge barrier of the IPK glomerular
      filter was intact [e.g., FCND of 36 A = 0.10 +/- 0.01 (SE) vs. FCDS of 36 A =
      0.01 +/- 0.00 (P less than 0.01)]. Dextrans of an intermediate size (26-34 A) had
      lower fractional clearances in the IPK than in vivo [e.g., FCND of 30 A in IPK =
      0.23 +/- .04 vs. FCND of 30 A in vivo 0.40 +/- 0.01 (P less than 0.01)]. This
      decreased clearance of dextrans of an intermediate molecular size is predicted by
      pore theory, since the IPK has an increased afferent glomerular plasma flow rate.
      As glomerular permselectivity characteristics in the IPK simulate in vivo
      characteristics, such preparations are suitable in vitro models in which to study
      factors that modulate permselectivity. The demonstration that the glomerular
      filter in the IPK has a normal negative charge barrier indicates that the
      increased protein excretion in IPK systems cannot be attributed to abnormalities
      of this component of the filtration barrier.

PMID- 4061664
TI  - Phosphate-induced efflux of adenine nucleotides from heart mitochondria.
AB  - Adenine nucleotide efflux from isolated rat heart mitochondria was studied.
      Inorganic phosphate induced efflux of adenine nucleotides from the mitochondria.
      This efflux was inhibited by carboxyatractyloside and atractyloside. The rate of
      efflux showed saturation kinetics with respect to extramitochondrial phosphate
      (Km, 9.5 mM). Lowering the pH from 7.4 to 6.8 had little or no effect on the rate
      of efflux. Deenergizing the mitochondria enhanced carboxyatractyloside
      insensitive efflux, but it did not affect carboxyatractyloside-sensitive efflux.
      Extramitochondrial ATP (200 microM) or AMP (200 microM) prevented efflux when the
      phosphate concentration was 10 mM. AMP (200 microM) did not inhibit efflux when
      the phosphate concentration was 40 mM. Atractyloside inhibited efflux
      noncompetitively with respect to inorganic phosphate. Mersalyl (10 nmol/mg
      protein) did not inhibit efflux. Phenylsuccinate (20 mM) totally inhibited
      phosphate-induced efflux. The results of this study indicate that under
      conditions found in the ischemic heart cell (low ATP, high phosphate), adenine
      nucleotides may be lost from the mitochondria via the adenine nucleotide
      translocase. Phosphate does not induce this efflux by interacting with the
      translocase or the phosphate-hydroxyl carrier. The site of action of phosphate
      may be the dicarboxylate carrier.

PMID- 4061665
TI  - Electrophysiological effects of transient aortic occlusion in intact canine
      heart.
AB  - This study utilized sonomicrometers transmural multipolar electrodes and cardiac
      electrical stimulation techniques to examine the effect on myocardial
      electrophysiological characteristics of altering ventricular systolic mechanical
      properties by transient aortic occlusion. Nine anesthetized open-chest dogs were
      atrially paced, and timed extrastimuli were inserted during alternate drive-train
      sequences at right or left ventricular (RV, LV) epicardial sites to measure
      ventricular effective refractory period (ERP). Sonomicrometer measurements of LV
      systolic mechanical parameters and both RV and LV electrophysiological findings
      were determined prior to and during periods of transient aortic occlusion. Aortic
      occlusion was applied just prior to the last beat of each eight-beat atrial drive
      train and released immediately following the programmed ventricular
      extrastimulus. Aortic occlusion increased LV systolic pressure (+42 +/- 26.6
      mmHg, P less than 0.01) and diminished segmental stroke shortening (0.100 +/-
      0.059 mm, P less than 0.02), shortening fraction (0.086 +/- 0.048, P less than
      0.001), mean velocity of stroke shortening (0.444 +/- 0.186 mm/s, P less than
      0.001), and stroke work (P less than 0.001). LV epicardial and endocardial ERP
      were prolonged as a result of aortic occlusion (5 +/- 7.2 and 6 +/- 6.5 ms,
      respectively, P less than 0.05), whereas RV ERP was unchanged. Latency of
      premature beats at equivalent coupling intervals was unaltered. ERP prolongation
      correlated most strongly with reductions of segmental stroke shortening (r =
      0.928, P less than 0.001), shortening fraction (r = 0.901, P less than 0.001),
      and mean shortening velocity (r = 0.819, P less than 0.01). Thus transient aortic
      occlusion prolonged LV refractoriness, and electrophysiological changes closely
      paralleled the severity of systolic mechanical disturbance.

PMID- 4061666
TI  - Effect of sympathetic tone on ventricular arrhythmias during circumflex coronary
      occlusion.
AB  - To determine if the sympathetic nervous system exerts an arrhythmogenic effect on
      the ischemic myocardium independent of heart rate, the proximal circumflex
      coronary artery was occluded for 1 h in 62 open-chest, anesthetized dogs. The
      atrial rate was maintained at 200/min, and the vagosympathetic trunks were
      transected in all dogs. The total incidence of ventricular fibrillation was 35%
      in 20 dogs with intact stellates and not significantly different from the
      incidence of ventricular fibrillation (15%) in another 20 dogs in which both
      stellate ganglia had been decentralized. Electrical stimulation of the left ansae
      subclavia (3 Hz, 2 ms, 6-8 V) in the remaining 22 dogs significantly increased
      the incidence of ventricular fibrillation to 73% (P less than 0.05). The
      magnitude of S-T segment elevation in the lead II electrocardiogram 90 s after
      occlusion was 0.69 +/- 0.08 mV in the group with left ansae stimulation and
      significantly elevated (P less than 0.01) compared with dogs with intact
      stellates (0.35 +/- 0.06 mV) and with the denervated dogs (0.19 +/- 0.05 mV). The
      data indicate that the sympathetic nervous system is capable of a direct
      arrhythmogenic influence on the ischemic myocardium independent of heart rate.
      The rate-independent arrhythmogenic effects of the sympathetic nervous system may
      be mediated by an increase in severity of the ischemic insult.

PMID- 4061667
TI  - Cardiovascular and endocrine effects of potassium in spontaneously hypertensive
      rats.
AB  - Although potassium is known to lower blood pressure in a number of forms of
      experimental and human hypertension, the mechanism for this effect remains
      unclear. We studied several possible mechanisms for this effect in the
      spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Fourteen-week-old SHR were given 0.5% KCl
      in the drinking water. This potassium supplement resulted in a 16-mmHg fall in
      mean arterial pressure and a 22% decrease in peripheral vascular resistance.
      Plasma potassium increased 0.4 meq/l, while muscle potassium was unchanged.
      Potassium supplementation resulted in no change in plasma renin activity, plasma
      aldosterone, or plasma norepinephrine. Urinary excretion of prostaglandin (PG) E2
      and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was also not altered by potassium supplementation.
      Potassium-supplemented SHR were found to have no difference in sodium excretion
      compared with control SHR, and plasma volume was similar in both groups. The
      pressor response to angiotensin II and norepinephrine was not substantially
      affected by potassium supplementation. Furthermore, baroreflex control of heart
      rate was not altered by potassium supplementation. Finally, potassium
      supplementation resulted in no change in mesenteric artery angiotensin II
      receptor number or receptor affinity. Therefore, although potassium lowers blood
      pressure in the SHR by decreasing peripheral vascular resistance, the mechanism
      of this effect on vascular resistance remains unknown.

PMID- 4061668
TI  - Myogenic properties of cerebral blood vessels from normotensive and hypertensive
      rats.
AB  - Myogenic properties of posterior cerebral arteries from normotensive and
      hypertensive rats were analyzed in vitro and quantified in terms of both pressure
      range limits and degree of myogenic activity. Spontaneously hypertensive rat
      (SHR) vessels were significantly narrower in a fully relaxed state, and both wall
      thickness and wall-to-radius ratios were increased. After equilibration in 1.6 mM
      calcium physiological saline solution a substantial tone developed which resulted
      in average diameter decreases of 34 and 37% in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and SHR,
      respectively; average lumen diameters were approximately 125 micron. Rapid
      changes in transmural pressure (delta P 10-25 mmHg/s) were applied and diameter
      responses measured continuously. Myogenic responses began 1-3 s after a change in
      transmural pressure, and arteries regained their initial diameters after a
      pressure step in about 2 min; a final, steady-state diameter was achieved in 4-5
      min. Myogenic pressure ranges were 49-145 mmHg in WKY and 64-181 in SHR; when
      responses were segregated according to positive and negative pressure steps, more
      myogenic responses were observed at lower pressures for pressure step decreases
      when compared with pressure step increases. Thus myogenic ranges for increasing
      pressure steps were 71-151 (WKY) and 72-188 mmHg (SHR) and for decreasing steps
      45-117 (WKY) and 57-148 mmHg (SHR). Myogenic responses in SHR were weaker than in
      WKY rats: the former maintained essentially a constant diameter over a wide range
      of pressures, whereas arteries from the latter decreased diameter with increasing
      pressures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4061670
TI  - Comparison of methods for measurement of interstitial fluid pressure in cat
      skin/subcutis and muscle.
AB  - Interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in cats was measured with four techniques,
      i.e., hollow perforated and porous polyethylene capsules, wick in needle (WIN),
      and micropipettes. During control conditions, skin IFP of -1.5 +/- 0.4 (SD) mmHg
      (n = 53) was obtained with micropipettes, whereas pressures recorded in subcutis
      with perforated and porous capsules were -1.6 +/- 0.9 (n = 26) and -1.6 +/- 0.8
      mmHg (n = 13), respectively. These were all significantly different from the -1.2
      +/- 0.5 mmHg (n = 50) obtained in subcutis with WIN. In skeletal muscle, control
      IFP of -0.5, -0.5, and -1.1 mmHg was measured with micropipettes, WIN, and porous
      capsules, respectively. During peritoneal dialysis skin and muscle IFP recorded
      with micropipettes and WIN was reduced by 3-3.5 mmHg, whereas pressure in porous
      and perforated capsules fell by 7 and 10 mmHg, respectively. Intravenous Ringer
      infusion caused a marked transient rise in capsular pressures, not reflected by
      micropipettes and WIN, but similar pressures were obtained 210 min after
      infusion. In conclusion, all techniques reflect true IFP under steady-state
      conditions. Both capsules apparently act like osmometers in acute overhydration
      or dehydration and are, in addition, sensitive to pressure changes in local veins
      and are therefore not suitable for measurement of changes in IFP that take place
      in less than a few hours.

PMID- 4061669
TI  - Contrasting effects of vasopressin on baroreflex inhibition of lumbar sympathetic
      nerve activity.
AB  - Baroreflex inhibition of lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA) during
      intravenous infusions of phenylephrine and vasopressin is contrasted in rats and
      rabbits. In rabbits, vasopressin caused smaller increases in arterial pressure
      and greater inhibition of LSNA than phenylephrine. In Sprague-Dawley rats,
      however, both vasopressin and phenylephrine caused equivalent increases in
      arterial pressure and reflex reductions in LSNA. The inhibition of LSNA was
      mediated through the arterial baroreceptors in both species because it was
      abolished by sinoaortic denervation. In rats, the possibility that a high level
      of endogenous vasopressin may have prevented the demonstration of a facilitated
      baroreflex with the infusion of exogenous vasopressin is unlikely since
      vasopressin also did not facilitate the reflex in Brattleboro rats, which lack
      circulating vasopressin. Further, Sprague-Dawley rats were responsive to
      exogenous vasopressin since infusion of increasing doses of vasopressin caused
      significant increases in urinary osmolality as well as progressive increments in
      arterial pressure. The results indicate that intravenous vasopressin given for a
      period of 6 min facilitates the reflex inhibition of LSNA mediated through
      arterial baroreceptors in rabbits, but not in rats. Vasopressin given for a
      period of up to 45 min to rats also fails to facilitate baroreflexes, emphasizing
      the difference from rabbits. In rabbits, this facilitation appears to involve a
      central mechanism.

PMID- 4061671
TI  - Renal nerves are not necessary for onset or maintenance of DOC-salt hypertension
      in rats.
AB  - The effect of renal denervation on the onset and maintenance of mineralocorticoid
      salt [deoxycorticosterone (DOC)-salt] hypertension was determined. A unilateral
      right nephrectomy was performed on all rats. Rats were divided into renal
      denervated and sham-operated groups. All rats received 10 mg/wk of DOC pivalate
      and 0.9% saline to drink ad libitum. Renal denervation was repeated at 3-wk
      intervals to prevent renal nerve regeneration. Renal denervation had no effect on
      the onset or maintenance of DOC-salt hypertension. Hypertension developed over
      the same time course in both the renal-denervated and sham-operated rats
      regardless of the time frame of unilateral nephrectomy and renal denervation.
      Tail-cuff pressure measurements reached plateau levels of 187 +/- 5.7 mmHg in
      sham-operated and 183 +/- 4.6 mmHg in renal-denervated rats after 4 wk of DOC
      salt administration. Mean arterial pressure averaged 197 +/- 10.3 mmHg in sham
      operated and 200 +/- 7.9 mmHg in renal-denervated rats after 8 wk of treatment.
      Intact renal nerves are not necessary for the development or maintenance of DOC
      salt hypertension in rats.

PMID- 4061672
TI  - Systemic and renal hemodynamic changes during acute unilateral renal arterial
      stenosis.
AB  - The acute effects of unilateral renal arterial stenosis on systemic and renal
      hemodynamics were studied in chronically instrumented, conscious dogs. Graded
      stenosis of one renal artery for 90 min produced graded increases in arterial
      blood pressure and plasma renin activity and falls in contralateral renal blood
      flow and total peripheral conductance. There were no significant changes in
      cardiac output. The changes were transient after mild or moderate renal arterial
      stenosis but were sustained after severe stenosis. Pentolinium treatment did not
      significantly affect the hypertension or contralateral renal vasoconstriction
      caused by moderate or severe renal arterial stenosis. This indicates that the
      autonomic nervous system did not play a major role in the response to stenosis.
      In contrast, teprotide abolished the increases in arterial pressure, the
      contralateral renal vasoconstriction, and the fall in total peripheral
      conductance in response to stenosis. Thus the acute hypertension following
      unilateral renal arterial stenosis was due to a decrease in total peripheral
      conductance caused by decreased conductance of the stenotic kidney due to the
      stenosis itself (about 20%); vasoconstriction of the contralateral kidney (about
      20%), and vasoconstriction of other systemic vasculature (about 60%). The results
      suggest that angiotensin II was responsible for the vasoconstriction of both the
      contralateral kidney and the other systemic vasculature.

PMID- 4061673
TI  - Effect of arteriolar dilation on coronary artery diameter distal to coronary
      stenoses.
AB  - Previous studies have suggested that worsening hemodynamic severity of coronary
      stenoses in response to distal arteriolar dilation may be related to dilation of
      the normal epicardial artery adjacent to the stenosis resulting in increasing
      percent stenosis. To test this hypothesis we used sonomicrometry to continuously
      measure external circumflex coronary artery diameter distal to snare stenoses of
      varying severity in 19 open-chest dogs and 5 awake, chronically instrumented
      dogs. Arteriolar dilation produced by release of a transient coronary occlusion
      or by intracoronary injection of adenosine caused a decrease in circumflex
      coronary diameter distal to the stenosis. Regression analysis showed that
      circumflex diameter and pressure distal to the stenosis were directly related
      (mean r: transient occlusion, 0.86 +/- 0.04; adenosine, 0.97 +/- 0.01). The close
      relationship between pressure and diameter suggests that the decrease in diameter
      in response to arteriolar dilation was a passive effect. Passive coronary
      narrowing distal to a stenosis suggests that a similar effect may occur within a
      compliant stenosis, thus partly explaining the increase in severity of compliant
      stenoses in response to arteriolar dilation.

PMID- 4061674
TI  - Cerebral metabolism in fetal lamb after maternal infusion of ethanol.
AB  - Cerebral uptake of glucose and O2 (VCO2) was measured in 10 chronically
      catheterized fetal lambs during a control period, after a 1-h maternal infusion
      of ethanol (1.0 g X kg-1 X h-1) and 1-h postethanol infusion, to determine if
      alterations in cerebral metabolism might occur. Brachiocephalic artery and
      sagittal vein blood samples were analyzed for glucose, O2 content, blood gases,
      pH, and ethanol. Cerebral blood flow (Qc) was measured with a radioactive
      microsphere technique. VCO2 decreased significantly, from 140 +/- 13 mumol X 100
      g-1 X min-1 during the control period to 91 +/- 8 (P less than 0.05) with the
      ethanol infusion, with a related fall in Qc, 177 +/- 12 to 104 +/- 9 ml X 100 g-1
      X min-1 (P less than 0.001), the cerebral arteriovenous O2 difference being
      little changed. Cerebral glucose uptake, although decreased, was not
      significantly changed with the ethanol infusion, because the cerebral
      arteriovenous difference for glucose increased with the related fall in Qc. We
      conclude that maternal infusion of ethanol results in a decreased fetal VCO2 with
      a related fall in Qc. If prolonged, this decrease in cerebral oxidative
      metabolism might well affect cerebral development and provide a mechanism whereby
      chronic alcohol intake contributes to central nervous system growth anomalies and
      dysfunction of infants exposed to alcohol in utero.

PMID- 4061675
TI  - Use of dP/dt and rise time to estimate speed of shortening in muscle.
AB  - We examined the relationship between the maximum speed of shortening at zero load
      (Vmax) and two variables occasionally used to estimate Vmax: maximal rate of
      change of force during an isometric tetanic contraction [(dP/dt)max] and
      reciprocal of one-half rise time (RHRT), the time to achieve one-half the maximal
      force during an isometric tetanic contraction. The relationship was examined in
      two experiments on isolated toad sartorius muscle: the effect of temperature and
      the effect of changing pHe (extracellular pH) to test the hypotheses that
      (dP/dt)max or RHRT can be used to estimate the magnitude of the effect of
      experimental variables on Vmax. In the temperature experiment both (dP/dt)max and
      RHRT could be used to estimate changes in Vmax. The effect of pH on Vmax was
      markedly overestimated by (dP/dt)max, but there was no significant difference
      between the magnitude of the changes in Vmax and RHRT. Our results, taken with
      the results of others, suggest that it is inappropriate to assume that the
      magnitude of the effect of a particular experimental protocol on Vmax can
      necessarily be predicted by measuring (dP/dt)max or RHRT.

PMID- 4061676
TI  - Pressor action and dipsogenicity induced by angiotensin II and III in rats.
AB  - The primary brain sites responsible for angiotensin-induced pressor action and
      dipsogenicity in the laboratory rat appear to be located in forebrain
      circumventricular organs (CVO). Because CVOs have a reduced blood-brain barrier,
      intracarotid infusion of angiotensin via a brachial arterial catheter results in
      direct stimulation of these sites. This investigation determined that brachial
      arterial infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II) into alert free-moving rats resulted
      in pressor and dipsogenic responses greater than those observed with equivalent
      doses of angiotensin III (ANG III). However, intracerebroventricular (ICV)
      injections of ANG II and ANG III yielded equivalent pressor and drinking
      responses. ICV pretreatment with the specific angiotensin receptor antagonist
      [Sar1, Ile8]-ANG II significantly reduced ANG II- and ANG III-induced pressor and
      drinking responses. This inhibition lasted approximately 20 min with recovery at
      60-70 min. The results indicate that ICV-administered ANG III is a much more
      potent ligand than previously determined if the stickiness due to electrical
      charge of this compound is prevented by appropriate treatment of glassware. The
      receptor antagonist results encourage the possibility that ANG II and ANG III
      activate a common central receptor site.

PMID- 4061677
TI  - Potentiated muscular thermogenesis in cold-acclimated muscovy duckling.
AB  - The capacity for nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) was examined in 26- to 27-day
      cold-acclimated (CA) muscovy ducklings reared for 21 days at 4 degrees C.
      Metabolic rate and integrated electromyographic (EMG) muscle activity were
      measured at ambient temperature ranging from -10 to 28 degrees C. Compared with
      controls reared at 30 degrees C, CA ducklings were more resistant to cold and had
      higher peak metabolic rate in extreme cold. Shivering threshold temperature of CA
      ducklings was 14.2 degrees C lower than lower critical temperature, whereas for
      controls the two temperatures were similar. Thus CA ducklings exhibited an NST in
      moderate cold. In addition, at temperatures that produced shivering, EMG activity
      in CA duckling muscle was lesser than that of controls, even at a higher
      metabolic rate. Because these ducklings are devoid of brown adipose tissue, these
      results indicated an increased thermogenic efficiency of muscular activity in CA
      ducklings.

PMID- 4061678
TI  - Bicarbonate-chloride exchange in gill plasma membranes of blue crab.
AB  - The uptake of chloride was studied in gill plasma membrane vesicles from low
      salinity-adapted blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus). Cl- uptake was not Na+
      dependent. However, when a HCO-3 gradient (in greater than out) was imposed
      across the membrane, a transient overshoot of about 2.5-fold was produced.
      Approximately 90% of the Cl- uptake reflected entry into the osmotically active
      intravesicular space. Cl- itself, nitrate, hydroxyl, and sulfite could substitute
      for HCO-3. The HCO-3/Cl- exchange process appeared to saturate at higher
      concentrations of either HCO-3 or Cl-. The apparent Km for Cl- was 15 mM. HCO-3
      dependent Cl- uptake was significantly inhibited by 4-acetamido-4'
      isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid and thiocyanate but not by amiloride,
      furosemide, or ouabain. Alterations in membrane potential had no effect on Cl-
      uptake. Addition of Cl- or HCO-3 to the external medium also accelerated efflux
      of 36Cl- and H14CO-3 from preloaded vesicles. These results indicate that the
      uptake of Cl- by the crab gill plasma membrane is a carrier-mediated Na+
      independent anion exchange process.

PMID- 4061679
TI  - Effect of adrenalectomy and corticosterone replacement on meal patterns of Zucker
      rats.
AB  - Male obese and lean Zucker rats were adrenalectomized (ADX) or sham-operated at
      10 wk of age. Approximately 16 wk later, patterns of food intake were monitored
      by computer-interfaced top loading balances. Data were collected from ADX rats
      before, during, and after access to a corticosterone-supplemented saline solution
      (20 micrograms/ml). Although total food intake during the precorticosterone
      treatment period was not different between ADX and sham controls, ADX resulted in
      attenuation of light cycle food intake, primarily via decreased meal frequency.
      With steroid replacement, light cycle meal frequency and food intake increased.
      Despite comparable self-administered dose (20.33 +/- 0.89 vs. 17.05 +/- 1.2 mg
      corticosterone/period, obese vs. lean), obese ADX rats were more responsive to
      steroid than were lean ADX rats. This increased responsiveness was reflected by a
      30% increase in food intake and 60% increase in body weight gain of obese ADX
      rats during replacement. Lean ADX rats exhibited no change in total food intake
      or weight gain with replacement. Further, during corticosterone treatment, obese
      ADX rats increased meal frequency, total food intake, and consumption of large
      meals (greater than or equal to 4 g) during the dark cycle. Significant
      postprandial correlations were found only in obese ADX rats, both with and
      without replacement during the dark cycle. These results suggest adrenal
      glucocorticoids have a minimal effect on food intake and meal patterns in lean
      Zucker rats but significantly alter intake and meal patterns in obese rats.

PMID- 4061680
TI  - Phospholipid and adenine nucleotide metabolism in muscle after burn injury.
AB  - The role of phospholipid and adenine nucleotide metabolism in postburn
      unresponsiveness of muscle to insulin was examined. A single hindlimb scald in
      the rat was produced, and 3 days later soleus muscles were incubated in vitro
      with and without insulin. Under basal conditions muscles from the burned limbs
      had normal contents of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol but decreased
      diphosphatidylglycerol (-39%) and phosphatidylethanolamine (-24%) and increased
      sphingomyelin (+62%), lysophosphatidylcholine (+68%), and phosphatidylserine
      (+13%) compared with the contralateral unburned limb. Such muscle also
      incorporated 107-396% more [32P]phosphate into all measured phospholipids, except
      for diphosphatidylglycerol. The presence of insulin had no effect on either the
      mass of phospholipids or 32P incorporation in any muscle. The burned limb muscles
      (frozen in situ) also exhibited lower levels of ATP (-25%) and total adenine
      nucleotides (-24%) than uninjured muscle but normal adenylate energy charge. The
      burned limb muscles had lower adenosine (-37%), but inosine and hypoxanthine were
      82 and 39% higher, respectively. These data suggest recovery of muscle from local
      thermal injury is associated with alterations in mass, and possibly also
      turnover, of tissue phospholipids, the measured phospholipids do not mediate the
      postreceptor action of insulin in normal muscle, energy charge of the recovering
      injured muscle is restored before ATP level at the time when this muscle is
      unresponsive to insulin stimulation.

PMID- 4061681
TI  - Vascular basis for regulation of nasal heat exchange in reindeer.
AB  - A hypothesis for the operation and control of nasal heat exchange in reindeer is
      presented that originated from studies of the nasal vascular anatomy and has been
      supported by physiological measurements as well as test experiments on a physical
      prototype model of the reindeer nose. A central theme of our hypothesis is that
      the nasal mucosa possesses arterial and venous retia that communicate by way of
      capillaries and arteriovenous anastomoses. During heat conservation the blood
      runs countercurrent in these retia, whereby a temperature gradient along the
      nasal mucosa can be maintained. During heat dissipation, however, the retia are
      perfused unidirectionally in the anterior direction, whereby the temperature
      gradient along the nasal mucosa is reduced and heat loss facilitated. In this
      situation cooled venous blood, routed by way of the dorsal nasal vein, may be
      distributed either to the caval veins directly, for general body cooling, or, by
      way of the cavernous sinus that encases the carotid rete, for selective cooling
      of the brain.

PMID- 4061682
TI  - Formulating and evaluating quantitative models of control of sodium stores.
AB  - Numerous factors that influence sodium handling have been identified, and many
      have been studied in minute detail; however, relatively little information is
      available regarding either the steady-state relationship between dietary sodium
      intake and sodium stores or the transient response of intact animals to
      challenges to sodium homeostasis. In this paper the principles of elementary
      feedback control theory have been used both to obtain and analyze quantitative
      models of the feedback control of sodium stores. It has been assumed that the
      sodium content of the body determines the rate of urinary sodium excretion, and a
      mass balance has been used to obtain differential equations that describe the
      dynamics of sodium stores. Both first- and second-order models are considered,
      and their predictions for both steady states and transients are compared
      critically with observations from the literature, using data from human studies
      whenever possible. The results indicate that a relatively simple proportional
      feedback controller describes most available data well; however, gaps in the
      available information are identified, and opportunities for future experimental
      investigation are described.

PMID- 4061683
TI  - Selective destruction of renal afferent versus efferent nerves in rats.
AB  - Previous anatomic studies demonstrated that afferent projections from the left
      kidney of the rat passed predominantly through the dorsal roots of spinal
      segments T10-L1. Selective destruction of renal afferent nerves, without damaging
      renal efferent nerves, was attempted by severing the dorsal roots carrying the
      afferent fibers. In anesthetized rats, the dorsal left side of the spinal cord
      was exposed through a partial laminectomy at vertebral sections T10-L1; and the
      dorsal roots were carefully isolated and cut. Four to ten days after surgery,
      arterial pressure and hindquarter vascular resistance were maximally reduced by
      14 +/- 2 mmHg and 42 +/- 1%, respectively, during electrical stimulation of renal
      afferent fibers in sham-operated rats. In rats with selective dorsal rhizotomy no
      significant changes in arterial pressure or hindquarter vascular resistance were
      observed after renal afferent nerve stimulation. Renal vasoconstrictor responses
      to electrical stimulation of the left greater splanchnic nerve or posterior
      hypothalamic area were not different between sham and rhizotomized rats. These
      data demonstrate that severing dorsal roots T10-L1 cause a functional afferent
      denervation of the kidney, without impairing renal efferent nerve function.

PMID- 4061684
TI  - Afferent axons in abdominal vagus mediate satiety effect of cholecystokinin in
      rats.
AB  - Selective section of afferent vagal axons that reach below the diaphragm blocks
      the satiating effect of peripherally administered cholecystokinin in the rat.
      Section of the analogous efferent axons has no effect. After the behavioral
      tests, the selective axonal sections were confirmed with horseradish peroxidase
      histochemistry.

PMID- 4061685
TI  - Measurement of mood and affect in schizophrenic inpatients.
AB  - Ratings of mood and affect using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the
      Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies
      Depression Scale (CES-D), and an affective flattening scale in 32 male
      schizophrenic inpatients revealed high total scale reliability but lower intra
      item reliability, especially for specific depression items. Interscale
      correlations suggested several dimensions of mood and affect: anxiety-depression
      (psychological dysphoria, motor activation, and somatic symptoms), retardation
      affective blunting, thought disturbance, and hostility-suspiciousness.
      Correlation with a rating of extrapyramidal symptoms suggested an association
      with the presence of depressive symptoms. These results suggest that although
      adequate total scale reliability was obtained, these indexes of depression may
      measure different dimensions in schizophrenic patients than they do in patients
      with affective disorders.

PMID- 4061686
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptors in depression: relationship to the dexamethasone
      suppression test.
AB  - Cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor content wa quantitated in lymphocytes from
      unmedicated depressed patients and control subjects before and after a
      standardized dexamethasone suppression test. Depressed patients (N = 11) had
      significantly lower (32%) basal cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor content than
      the control group (N = 14). Suppression of serum cortisol (5.0 micrograms/dl or
      less) in both control and depressed subjects (N = 16) following dexamethasone (1
      mg) was associated with a decrease in lymphocyte cytoplasmic glucocorticoid
      receptor number, whereas no such change occurred in cortisol nonsuppressors (N =
      9). Changes in receptor concentration were positively correlated with
      postdexamethasone serum cortisol levels and with the inhibitory effect of
      dexamethasone on mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation.

PMID- 4061687
TI  - An empirical study of psychosis in borderline personality disorder.
AB  - To assess the nature and prevalence of psychotic symptoms in borderline
      personality disorder, the authors reviewed the cases of 33 patients meeting DSM
      III criteria for borderline personality disorder, using both "narrow" and "broad"
      definitions of psychosis. Only eight patients displayed psychotic symptoms
      meeting the "narrow" DSM-III definition; in all of these cases, the symptoms
      appeared to be attributable to either severe drug abuse or major affective
      disorder, present simultaneously with borderline personality disorder. The
      remaining patients displayed only "broadly defined" psychotic symptoms or
      symptoms that appeared to be under voluntary control. These findings weigh
      against the assumption that borderline personality disorder lies "on the border"
      of classical psychotic disorders.

PMID- 4061688
TI  - Depressive behavior and hyperactive adrenocortical function.
AB  - This study examined relationships between depressive subtypes, clinical
      behavioral characteristics, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA)
      function in 132 hospitalized depressed patients. There were significant positive
      correlations between several pre- and postdexamethasone plasma cortisol measures
      and anxiety, psychomotor disturbance, distressed expression, and sleep
      disturbance. Few significant relationships were seen between illness severity and
      HPA function. Virtually no endocrine differences were seen between endogenous and
      nonendogenous subtypes or between psychotic and nonpsychotic subtypes. These
      results and the previous literature suggest a profile of depressed patients with
      HPA overactivation; they are likely to be anxious, to have sleep and psychomotor
      disturbances, to have lost weight in the current episode, and to be older.

PMID- 4061689
TI  - A pilot study of the effect of exposure to child abuse or neglect on adolescent
      suicidal behavior.
AB  - The authors designed a pilot study to test if exposure to child abuse or neglect
      is associated with suicidal behavior in adolescence. Each of 159 adolescents who
      had attempted suicide was age- and sex-matched with two comparison subjects who
      had been treated for medical conditions unrelated to suicide attempts. The
      registry of the Massachusetts Department of Social Services was searched for the
      names of the subjects and comparison subjects. For both sexes prior contact with
      the Department of Social Services was three to six times more likely for probands
      than for the comparison subjects.

PMID- 4061690
TI  - Symptom patterns associated with posttraumatic stress disorder among Vietnam
      veterans exposed to war trauma.
AB  - The authors tested whether the relationship between traumatic stress and
      posttraumatic stress disorder is captured more accurately by aggregating
      symptoms, as in DSM-III, or differentiating them into the subtypes of denial and
      reexperiencing. Their findings indicate that distinguishing between the responses
      of denial and reexperiencing is an alternative and potentially more useful
      approach for understanding posttraumatic stress disorder and its origins in war
      trauma than the comprehensive model proposed in DSM-III. The analysis suggests
      that biases in the current model of posttraumatic stress disorder may lead to
      underestimation of its prevalence. The authors conclude that reconsideration of
      what constitutes the disorder is warranted.

PMID- 4061691
TI  - Four-year assessment of a day hospital-inn program as an alternative to inpatient
      hospitalization.
AB  - The authors report on a new system of care in which all patients who require
      psychiatric hospitalization are admitted to a day hospital with an inn and an
      intensive care unit. Data on use of services, length of stay, recidivism,
      security, medical emergencies, staff accidents, and seclusion and restraint over
      a 4-year period suggest that the new delivery system provides care which is at
      least as effective as the previous system of care. Evidence is presented that the
      new system offers certain advantages, including less seclusion and restraint,
      fewer episodes of escape, and substantial cost savings.

PMID- 4061692
TI  - Long-term psychological effects of rape in 35 rape victims.
AB  - Thirty-five rape victims who had been assaulted from 2 to 46 years earlier were
      interviewed to determine the long-term effects of sexual assault. Victims were
      compared to 110 nonabused matched control subjects on their scores on the State
      Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the modified Fear
      Survey Interview. An analysis was also conducted to determine which of the
      factors characterizing the rape situation had an influence on the victims'
      scores. Rape victims were found to be significantly more depressed, generally
      anxious, and fearful than control subjects. Only one rape situation variable, the
      survivor having been a prior victim of sexual assault, was found to be related to
      a higher degree of depression and anxiety.

PMID- 4061693
TI  - Platelet MAO activity in posttraumatic stress disorder.
AB  - Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was assessed in 23 patients with
      posttraumatic stress disorder and 19 age-matched male control subjects. An
      overall significantly lower MAO activity was observed in the posttraumatic stress
      disorder group. When the group was divided into those with and those without a
      history of alcohol abuse, only the former group differed significantly from
      control subjects. The heuristic importance of these findings is discussed.

PMID- 4061694
TI  - Are American psychiatric outpatients more depressed than Chinese outpatients?
AB  - It has often been suggested that Americans tend to seek psychiatric help for
      depression, whereas Chinese patients are more likely to have somatic symptoms of
      emotional disturbance. When the authors tested this assumption by studying 99
      Taiwanese and 97 American psychiatric outpatients given computerized diagnoses
      based on information obtained in a standard psychiatric interview schedule, they
      found that the Chinese patients scored higher on the measures of somatization but
      also on the measures of depression.

PMID- 4061695
TI  - Reliability and concordance in the subtyping of schizophrenia.
AB  - The authors examined the reliability, frequency, concordance, and demographic
      characteristics of subtypes of schizophrenia in patients from the Iowa 500 study
      as defined by four major diagnostic systems: DSM-III, Research Diagnostic
      Criteria (RDC), ICD-9, and the Tsuang-Winokur criteria. Reliability was higher in
      diagnostic systems with operationalized than in those with unoperationalized
      criteria and consistently higher for the paranoid subtype. The frequency of
      individual subtypes varied widely for the different systems. Concordance for
      subtype diagnoses between systems ranged from quite high to quite low.
      Demographic characteristics of the individual subtypes were similar according to
      all systems.

PMID- 4061696
TI  - Premenstrual mood disorder and psychiatric illness.
AB  - The results of several studies suggest that a special relationship exists between
      premenstrual syndromes and major psychiatric disorders, particularly affective
      illness. These studies in general have not employed prospective criteria to
      diagnose premenstrual syndrome. In this paper the authors report a significant
      difference in the lifetime history of psychiatric illness between women with
      prospectively confirmed menstrually related mood disorder and those without it.

PMID- 4061697
TI  - A family study of sex differences in the diagnosis of atypical schizophrenia.
AB  - It has been hypothesized that women are more likely than men to have atypical
      schizophrenia. Among 984 relatives of patients with typical and atypical
      schizophrenia, the odds of having atypical schizophrenia did not differ by sex.

PMID- 4061698
TI  - Treatment of intractable hiccups with intramuscular haloperidol.
AB  - Two patients with intractable hiccups were treated with intramuscular
      haloperidol; remission occurred within 1 hour. With its rapid action and low
      incidence of adverse effects, intramuscular haloperidol should be considered a
      therapeutic alternative in the treatment of intractable hiccups.

PMID- 4061699
TI  - A comparison of the cortisol suppression index and the dexamethasone suppression
      test in prepubertal children.
AB  - Results of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and the cortisol suppression
      index (CSI) were compared in 50 depressed prepubertal children and 36 control
      subjects. The 4:00 p.m. DST, the two-point DST, and the 8:00 a.m. revised
      criterion CSI yielded the best results and had similar clinical utility and
      diagnostic confidence values.

PMID- 4061700
TI  - Pharmacokinetic interaction of disulfiram and antidepressants.
AB  - Intravenous imipramine and desipramine were administered to two detoxified
      alcoholics before and during disulfiram treatment. Tricyclic pharmacokinetic
      parameters, determined from plasma samples over 48 hours, indicated decreased
      total body clearance, increased elimination half-life, and higher peak plasma
      levels during disulfiram treatment.

PMID- 4061701
TI  - Tricyclic blood levels.

PMID- 4061703
TI  - Organic mental syndromes possible in AIDS victims.

PMID- 4061702
TI  - Using MMPI lithium response scales.

PMID- 4061704
TI  - Diagnosis of borderline personality disorder.

PMID- 4061705
TI  - Psychological reactions to pancuronium bromide.

PMID- 4061706
TI  - Scoliosis screening: a pause in the chase.

PMID- 4061707
TI  - Age- and sex-specific prevalence of scoliosis and the value of school screening
      programs.
AB  - A prevalence study of idiopathic scoliosis was conducted among 29,195 children of
      a community health district in the province of Quebec. The study was designed to
      determine whether a permanent screening program for idiopathic scoliosis was
      justified. The prevalence of the condition among school children aged 8 to 15
      years was 42.0 per 1,000 in the screened population, 51.9 per 1,000 among girls,
      and 32.0 per 1,000 among boys. The positive predictive value of the bending test
      is estimated as 42.8 per cent for scolioses of 5 degrees or more; it is only 6.4
      per cent when curves of 15 degrees or more are considered. The average cost of
      finding one child with a scoliosis of 5 degrees or more is $194. Mass screening
      for idiopathic scoliosis does not seem to be justified in the present state of
      knowledge of the disease.

PMID- 4061708
TI  - Measuring the accuracy of vital status data in cohort studies.
AB  - To measure the quality of vital status data in a retrospective cohort study of
      mortality among former servicemen of the Vietnam Conflict era, test subjects of
      independently determined vital status were included among study subjects during
      vital status ascertainment procedures. This allowed for differentiation between
      vital status "unknown" and incorrect assignment of vital status, and enabled
      measurement of the quality of both live and deceased vital status data. Four
      parameters based on sensitivity and specificity were used to express the quality
      of vital status data. The deceased specificity rate was 100 per cent, the
      deceased sensitivity rate was 95.7 per cent, the live specificity rate was 98.5
      per cent, and the live sensitivity rate was 95.4 per cent. Using models of
      misclassification, the estimated death rate was found to be most sensitive to
      changes in the deceased specificity rate, indicating that emphasis should be
      given to minimizing incorrect ascertainment of truly alive subjects as deceased
      when developing vital status ascertainment procedures.

PMID- 4061709
TI  - The effectiveness of smoking cessation methods for smokers in public health
      maternity clinics: a randomized trial.
AB  - Little insight is available in the literature on how best to assist the pregnant
      smoker in public health maternity clinics to quit during pregnancy. A randomized
      pretest/posttest experiment was used to evaluate the effectiveness of two
      different self-help cessation methods. Three hundred and nine pregnant women from
      three public health maternity clinics were assigned randomly to one of three
      groups with one-third assigned to each: a control group; a group receiving the
      American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking Manual; and those receiving A
      Pregnant Woman's Self-Help Guide to Quit Smoking. Using a saliva thiocyanate
      (SCN) and behavioral report at mid-pregnancy and end of pregnancy to confirm
      cessation or reduction, 2 per cent in the control group quit and 7 per cent
      reduced their SCN levels substantially. Of the women assigned to the ALA method,
      6 per cent quit and 14 per cent reduced their SCN levels substantially. Of the
      women who used the Guide, 14 per cent quit and 17 per cent reduced their SCN
      levels substantially. Results of this trial indicate that health education
      methods tailored to the pregnant smoker are more effective in changing smoking
      behavior than the standard clinic information and advice to quit and/or the use
      of smoking cessation methods not tailored to the needs of the pregnant smoker.

PMID- 4061710
TI  - Diphtheria in the United States, 1971-81.
AB  - After a decade-long resurgence, including a large cutaneous diphtheria outbreak
      in Washington State, the diphtheria incidence rate in the United States reached
      its lowest recorded level ever in 1980--two patients (0.01 case per million).
      Mortality paralleled the decline in incidence rate. Only 143 of the 3,141 US
      counties reported noncutaneous diphtheria patients during 1971-81; most were
      located in the West. The highest attack rates were experienced by children less
      than 15 years old (0.8 case per million) and by American Indians (22.6 cases per
      million). Persons immunized with three or more doses of diphtheria toxoid had a
      lower death-to-case ratio (1.3 per cent) than totally unimmunized persons (13.4
      per cent). The reasons for the dramatic decline in diphtheria incidence rates are
      unclear, although it has been postulated that the gene for producing diphtheria
      toxin may be lost from organisms in highly immunized populations. Significant
      proportions of the adult and elderly populations are susceptible to diphtheria.
      Continuation of primary immunization with increased emphasis on the routine use
      of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Td) boosters in adults should ensure that
      diphtheria will remain largely a scourge of the past.

PMID- 4061711
TI  - A priority system model for sanitation management in food service establishments.
AB  - We set out to develop a sanitation management scheme that will enable health
      regulatory authorities to utilize available personnel more efficiently in the
      regulation of the food service industry given the current budgetary and manpower
      constraints. Previous analyses of the Annual Food Service Establishment
      Sanitation Inspection Summary records from a large County Department of Health
      for fiscal years 1979, 1980, and 1981 indicated a cut-off point at about two to
      four visits for a productive follow-up sanitation inspection of food service
      establishments. Revisits after this point seemed counter-productive. Revisits of
      up to 13 times in some establishments and a high uninspection rate of others were
      noted. The above data, the population at risk for each establishment (generated
      by a prescribed method), and various control criteria were integrated into the
      model. Application of the model to a sample of 82 food service establishments was
      successful in ensuring that those operations that pose high risk to patrons are
      given priority in a sanitation management program while also facilitating the
      inspection of all food service establishments within a jurisdiction at some
      point.

PMID- 4061712
TI  - A cross-cultural comparison of health status values.
AB  - The extent to which the values attached to health states are similar in different
      cultures or social groups is important for understanding health and illness
      behaviors and for developing standardized health status measures. A cross
      cultural study was conducted to compare the health status values obtained in a
      United States population (Seattle, Washington) with those from another English
      speaking culture (London, England) on the Sickness Impact Profile, a standardized
      measure composed of 136 items. London judges rated the severity of dysfunction
      described in each item on an equal interval scale using the same methods of
      scaling and analysis employed in the Seattle study. A regression of English mean
      item values on US mean values yielded a slope of 1.00 and an intercept of -0.07,
      indicating that judges gave strikingly similar ratings to most items. Agreement
      was higher at the more severe end of the dysfunction continuum than at the least
      severe end, a finding consistent with the notion that what constitutes health is
      more difficult to define than what constitutes illness. While a universal
      conception of dysfunction may exist in English-speaking societies, the social and
      cultural determinants of health status values deserve more systematic study.

PMID- 4061713
TI  - Prevalence of dental mottling in school-aged lifetime residents of 16 Texas
      communities.
AB  - The severity of dental mottling in 2,592 school-aged, lifetime residents of 16
      Texas communities was investigated in 1980-81 to identify factors associated with
      mottling and to construct a prediction model for the prevalence of mottling. The
      communities were selected to obtain a wide range of levels of fluoride in the
      drinking water. The children within each of the communities were contacted
      through their schools and received a dental examination to assess the severity of
      mottling. Information on demographic, dental health practice, and other candidate
      predictor variables was obtained from a questionnaire completed by a parent. A
      number of water quality measurements were also recorded for each community. White
      and Spanish-surname children had about the same prevalence of mottling while
      Blacks had a higher prevalence, odds ratio (OR) = 2.3, 95% confidence interval =
      1.4, 3.7. Children from homes which had air conditioning had a lower prevalence
      of mottling (OR = .6, (0.4, 0.8)). The use of fluoride toothpaste or drops and
      the number of fluoride treatments were almost identical among those who did and
      did not develop moderate mottling. In addition to fluoride, total dissolved
      solids and zinc were water quality variables associated with mottling.

PMID- 4061714
TI  - Aging and generational effects on drinking behaviors in men: results from the
      normative aging study.
AB  - The effects of aging on alcohol consumption behaviors are unclear because of
      confounding with period and cohort effects. In 1973, 1,859 male participants in
      the Normative Aging Study, born between 1892 and 1945, described their drinking
      behaviors by responding to a mailed questionnaire. In 1982, 1,713 of the
      participants in this study responded to a similar questionnaire. We used
      multivariate techniques, adjusting regression coefficients for the correlations
      between repeated responses of the same individuals, to assess the effects of
      birth cohort and aging on mean alcohol consumption level, on the prevalence of
      problems with drinking, and on the prevalence of averaging three or more drinks
      per day. Older men drank significantly less than younger men at both times yet
      there was no tendency for men to decrease their consumption levels over time.
      Each successively older birth cohort had a prevalence of problems with drinking
      estimated to be 0.037 lower than the prevalence of the next youngest cohort (95
      per cent confidence interval: 0.029-0.045), yet there was no decrease in drinking
      problems over nine years. Interpretation of these findings requires consideration
      of the changes in attitudes as well as the increases in per capita consumption
      occurring in the United States throughout the 1970s. Results suggest that aging
      is not as important a factor in changes in drinking behaviors as generational or
      attitudinal changes.

PMID- 4061715
TI  - Utilization of case definitions and laboratory reporting in the surveillance of
      notifiable communicable diseases in the United States.
AB  - In 1984, questionnaires were sent to the chief epidemiologist in all 50 states,
      Puerto Rico, and Washington, DC, with a 100 per cent response rate. There were
      substantial variations in case definitions of reportable diseases, criteria for
      counting as a case, and sources of surveillance. Laboratory reporting of any
      notifiable condition is mandated by 54 per cent of jurisdictions. These
      differences in ascertainment and case-counting practices constitute potential
      sources of error in national surveillance data on communicable diseases.

PMID- 4061716
TI  - Rocky Mountain spotted fever acquired in Florida, 1973-83.
AB  - From 1973 to 1983, 49 Florida residents were reported with confirmed Rocky
      Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), 25 of whom were considered to have had Florida
      acquired disease. Although there was no history of tick exposure for six of these
      25 persons, all had contact with dogs or outdoor activities during the incubation
      period. The tick vectors of RMSF are widely distributed throughout Florida. We
      conclude that RMSF, although rare in Florida, can be acquired in the state.

PMID- 4061718
TI  - Physicians' beliefs about the importance of 25 health promoting behaviors.
AB  - A mail survey of 1,040 primary care physicians in Maryland examined their beliefs
      about the importance of 25 behaviors for promoting the health of the average
      person. Physician consensus existed across specialties in rating most health
      behaviors as very important and few as very unimportant. Eliminating smoking was
      most important and taking vitamin supplements least important.

PMID- 4061717
TI  - Determinants of medical record access for an epidemiologic study.
AB  - Hospital record access is often needed for epidemiologic research. In a recent
      study, 26 Denver-area hospitals were contacted for permission to review records.
      The review process, the decision regarding access, and hospital characteristics
      were analyzed. Hospitals with a review committee, larger hospitals, and those
      which reached a decision rapidly were most likely to grant access. These results
      may provide guidance to investigators planning studies requiring review of
      hospital records.

PMID- 4061719
TI  - Childhood injuries in North Carolina: a statewide analysis of hospitalizations
      and deaths.
AB  - We report the nature and causes of childhood injuries leading to hospitalization
      or death in North Carolina. Based on an 89 per cent sample of 1980 hospital
      discharges of children between 0 and 19 years of age, the overall annual rate of
      trauma-related hospitalizations was 80 per 10,000. The rate varied from 119 per
      10,000 for the 15-19 year age group to 56 per 10,000 for children between ages 5
      and 9. Hospitalization rates are lower than those reported elsewhere, although
      death rates, based on a seven-year period, are higher in the data reported here.
      Potential reasons for these differences are suggested.

PMID- 4061720
TI  - Moist heat inactivation of Cryptosporidium sp.
AB  - Cryptosporidia that were infective for infant mice were subjected to various
      moist heat treatments and subsequently tested in infant mice for infectivity.
      Warming from 9 degrees C to 55 degrees C over a period of 15 to 20 minutes
      neutralized infectivity in calf feces, cecal contents, and ileal scrapings.
      Inocula held at 45 degrees C for 5 to 20 minutes lost its infectivity. These
      results suggest that pasteurization of raw milk, circumstantially incriminated in
      cryptosporidial transmission, would neutralize cryptosporidial infectivity.

PMID- 4061721
TI  - A profile of the self-poisoner in Michigan.
AB  - We reviewed the charts of all patients (160) ages 15 and older discharged in 1981
      from the four hospitals in Lansing, Michigan with a diagnosis of overdose.
      Females predominated (65 per cent) and the median age was 27 years. The most
      common reason for intentional self-poisoning was "significant-other" conflict
      (54.5 per cent), followed by family conflict and financial problems.
      Benzodiazepines were most commonly used followed by acetylsalicylic acid and
      ethanol.

PMID- 4061722
TI  - Health practices and incident disability among the elderly.
AB  - This investigation examines the relationships between certain personal health
      practices and point-incident physical limitations over a five-year period among
      initially physically robust elders living in the communities. Slowed down
      physical activities (for elderly women) and a history of cigarette smoking (for
      elderly men) achieved associations with subsequent physical limitations; no firm
      associations between current lifestyle practices and onset of disability could be
      demonstrated.

PMID- 4061723
TI  - AIDS and sexual behavior in gay men.

PMID- 4061724
TI  - Comments on sterilization methods in China.

PMID- 4061725
TI  - Child maltreatment and smoking during pregnancy.

PMID- 4061726
TI  - Leaded gasoline article criticized.

PMID- 4061727
TI  - Immunoactive products of placenta: VIII. Translation products of messenger RNA
      extracted from murine placenta or A6B9IC5 teratocarcinoma are immunosuppressive
      in vitro.
AB  - RNA was extracted from placentae of synpregnant C3H mice (day 14 of gestation)
      and from A6B9IC5 teratocarcinoma. After isolation of poly-(A)+ RNA on an oligo
      d(T) cellulose column, putative messenger RNA was injected into Xenopus laevi
      oocytes. Supernatants and homogenates from the oocytes were assayed for
      immunoregulatory activity in MLR, CML, and NK assays and found to be
      immunosuppressive. These data indicate that immunomodulators could be obtained
      from the placenta by molecular biology technology in sufficient quantities for
      eventual clinical applications.

PMID- 4061728
TI  - Reversible immunosuppression of fertility in the rat following immunization by a
      liposome incorporated spermatozoal polypeptide fraction.
AB  - A rat spermatozoal polypeptide with 40 amino acid residues and an N-terminal
      amino acid residue of Lys was purified to homogeneity by recycling high pressure
      liquid chromatography. Following incorporation of the peptide into pure
      phosphatidylcholine liposomes and immunization of female Wistar rats, a
      significant reduction in fertility rate occurred (chi 2 = 6.4, p less than 0.01).
      Following a 4-month recovery period after immunization, fertility rates returned
      to normal. No adverse effects of the immunization on vital organs could be
      detected.

PMID- 4061729
TI  - Clear cell change in primary thyroid tumors. A study of 38 cases.
AB  - Thirty-eight primary thyroid neoplasms with extensive (greater than or equal to
      50%) clear cell changes were studied. These were divided into four categories: 1)
      Hurthle cell tumors, 10 cases; 2) follicular tumors, 17 cases (two of them having
      a signet-ring or lipoblast-like appearance); 3) papillary carcinomas, seven
      cases; and 4) undifferentiated carcinomas, four cases. These were compared with
      eight cases of renal cell carcinoma metastatic to the thyroid. Factors resulting
      in the cytoplasmic clear cell changes were: 1) formation of medium-sized
      vesicles, many of apparent mitochondrial derivation; 2) accumulation of glycogen
      (with or without accompanying fat); and 3) deposition of intracellular
      thyroglobulin. Vesicle formation was the most common cause of clear cell change
      in Hurthle cell and follicular tumors; glycogen accumulation in papillary,
      undifferentiated, and metastatic tumors; and thyroglobulin deposition in the
      subgroup of follicular tumors with a signet-ring or lipoblast-like appearance.
      However, several exceptions were noted. The results of this study refute the
      commonly held belief that all thyroid tumors containing clear cells are
      malignant, and do not support the concept of "clear cell carcinoma" of the
      thyroid as a specific microscopic entity. We believe that the natural history of
      thyroid tumors containing clear cells is more dependent on their basic
      cytoarchitectural features than on the presence, amount, or type of clear cells,
      and we suggest for these tumors to be evaluated for carcinoma by using standard
      morphologic criteria for their respective types. The importance of thyroglobulin
      staining for the differential diagnosis with metastatic renal cell carcinoma is
      emphasized, but the pitfalls inherent to this technique are also pointed out.

PMID- 4061730
TI  - Vascular tumors of the breast. V. Nonparenchymal hemangiomas of mammary
      subcutaneous tissues.
AB  - Nine patients with vascular lesions of the mammary subcutaneous tissue were
      studied. All were women who ranged in age from 20 to 76 years (average 53 years).
      The lesions were angiolipomas (three cases), cavernous hemangiomas (three cases),
      and one example each of juvenile hemangioma, venous hemangioma, and papillary
      endothelial hyperplasia. The average size of these tumors was 1.8 cm (range, 0.8
      3.2 cm). Only one of the excisional biopsy specimens contained breast tissue, and
      in this case the hemangioma was also extra parenchymal. With follow-up available
      for seven patients ranging from 5 months to just over 5 years (average 29
      months), there were no recurrences. Subcutaneous hemangiomas of the breast do not
      differ appreciably in their clinical or pathological features from comparable
      lesions at other anatomic sites. Although mammary subcutaneous hemangiomas are
      benign and are not prone to recurrence or progression to angiosarcoma, complete
      excision is recommended to exclude the possibility of an underlying angiosarcoma.

PMID- 4061731
TI  - Juvenile granulosa cell tumor--another neoplasm associated with abnormal
      chromosomes and ambiguous genitalia. A report of three cases.
AB  - Three infants, 3 months of age or younger with abnormal karyotypes and ambiguous
      genitalia, had gonadal juvenile granulosa cell tumors. Two of the patients had
      mixed gonadal dysgenesis and the third had an intersexual disorder of
      undetermined type. Two tumors arose in undescended testes, and the third in an
      undescended gonad of uncertain nature. The occurrence of this uncommon neoplasm
      in these infants indicates that it is another type of neoplasm that may develop
      in the gonad of a patient with an abnormal karyotype and ambiguous genitalia.

PMID- 4061732
TI  - Plasma-cell dyscrasia with polyneuropathy and endocrine disorders associated with
      dysfunction of salivary glands.
AB  - A case of plasma-cell dyscrasia with polyneuropathy and endocrine disorders that
      showed dysfunction of the salivary glands is reported. A 49-year-old Japanese man
      noticed swelling of the cervical lymph nodes and numbness in the lower
      extremities in May 1983. Histological examination of the enlarged cervical lymph
      nodes revealed many follicles penetrated by radial capillaries and proliferation
      of capillaries and plasma cells in the interfollicular area, forming Castleman
      disease-like lesions. The patient complained of a dry mouth and noticed swelling
      of the submandibular salivary gland in April 1984. Microscopic examination of
      this gland revealed an angiofollicular lymphoid lesion resembling that in the
      lymph nodes. He also suffered from an endocrine disturbance characterized by
      increased serum adrenocorticotropic hormone and impotence. This is the second
      reported case of plasma-cell dyscrasia with polyneuropathy and endocrine
      disorders that showed dysfunction of exocrine secretion. This case indicates that
      attention must be paid to organs of exocrine secretion as well as of endocrine
      secretion in this disease.

PMID- 4061733
TI  - Nutritional effects of postgastrectomy reconstructions.
AB  - To compare the nutritional effects of two modes of reconstruction after total
      gastrectomy, a Hunt-Lawrence pouch was constructed in five mongrel dogs, whereas
      five other dogs had a simple Roux-Y esophagojejunostomy performed. Total body
      weight, daily food intake, serum albumin values, and intestinal absorption of
      carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids were evaluated in both groups over a period
      of 3 months. All values decreased postoperatively when compared with the
      preoperative values; however, there was no significant difference between the two
      groups. This study suggests that there is no nutritional benefit from a Hunt
      Lawrence pouch over a simple Roux-Y esophagojejunostomy after total gastrectomy.

PMID- 4061734
TI  - Primary resection with colocolostomy for obstructive carcinoma of the left side
      of the colon.
AB  - Between 1970 and 1982, 147 patients were operated on for obstructing carcinoma of
      the colon at our institution. Of these, 25 patients with obstructing carcinoma of
      the left side of the colon were treated by emergency primary resection with
      colocolostomy. Three patients who had primary resection died postoperatively, two
      of them from myocardial infarction and one, a 66 year old patient with liver
      metastasis, from sepsis. One patient had an anastomotic leak and underwent a
      proximal diverting colostomy. Results of this form of treatment have been good,
      and we advocate the procedure for selected groups of patients.

PMID- 4061735
TI  - Pelvic and perineal recurrences after abdominoperineal resection for
      adenocarcinoma of the rectum.
AB  - Pelvic and perineal recurrences were evaluated in 48 patients who underwent
      abdominoperineal resection at Roswell Park Memorial Institute for adenocarcinoma
      of the rectum. The duration of follow-up of these patients was at least 5 years
      or until death. There were 26 male and 22 female patients with a median age of 60
      years. In 40 patients, the abdominoperineal resection was considered to be
      curative and in the remaining 8 patients, palliative abdominoperineal resection
      was performed. Only 2 of the 48 patients had a pelvic recurrence and in none of
      these patients was this recurrence the first site of relapse. One of the 48
      patients had a local perineal recurrence; however, this was treated successfully
      with surgery. This represents a total of three pelvic or perineal recurrences in
      48 patients, for a recurrence rate of 6 percent.

PMID- 4061736
TI  - Hydatid disease of the lung.
AB  - A total of 1,022 patients with hydatid disease were treated by surgical
      operations in our hospital, 201 of whom had lung echinococcosis. The criteria for
      diagnosis were (1) a history of living in an area where hydatid disease prevailed
      and of contact with dogs or their contaminated environment; (2) pressure symptom
      in the lungs produced by larger hydatid cysts, concomitant infection that
      provoked pulmonary abscess, concomitant rupture into the bronchi with the abrupt
      onset of a barking cough, and rupture into the thoracic cavity causing acute
      pleural effusions; (3) positive results of Casoni's intradermal test as high as
      82.3 percent; (4) typical roentgenoscopic findings, such as a round or ovoid
      shadow with a regular margin, definite limits, and uniform density that is
      unifocal or multifocal. Specific images described in this report may also be
      observed. Two procedures for treatment were adopted: for intact endocysts, a
      meticulous incision was made along the ectocyst wall and then the endocyst was
      extracted, and for endocysts that had previously lost fluid, puncture was used.
      After removal of the endocysts, appropriate suturing of bronchial fistulas and of
      residual loculi of the ectocysts in the lungs carried out to prevent infection.

PMID- 4061737
TI  - Femoropopliteal bypass using externally supported polytetrafluoroethylene grafts.
      Early results in a multiinstitutional study.
AB  - A multiinstitutional retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the
      externally supported PTFE graft to determine whether a nonkinking,
      noncompressible graft offers advantages in patency and limb salvage. We studied
      the results of 104 femoropopliteal arterial reconstructions performed on 99
      patients between June 1981 and June 1983. The combined above-the-knee and below
      the-knee cumulative patency rate at 2 years was 88 percent and the limb salvage
      rate was 97 percent. We found these results to be comparable to the patency
      typical of saphenous vein grafts and better than that of reinforced PTFE grafts.
      The improved patency is due to the lack of kinking and compressibility of the
      externally supported PTFE graft, as well as histologic evidence of excellent
      collagen infiltration which stabilizes the graft in position. A longer follow-up
      period is certainly needed to make definite recommendations, but our preliminary
      studies are encouraging.

PMID- 4061738
TI  - Preservation of the intercostobrachial nerve during axillary dissection for
      breast cancer.
AB  - Preservation of the intercostobrachial nerve during axillary dissection in 50
      patients with stage I breast cancer resulted in a significant improvement in
      sensory function compared with the standard dissection in which the nerve is
      routinely sacrificed. No local recurrence was found during the 3 to 5 year follow
      up period. This modification is worthwhile in patients with axillas that are
      clinically negative for cancer.

PMID- 4061739
TI  - Prevention of platelet deposition by ibuprofen and calcium dobesilate in expanded
      polytetrafluoroethylene vascular grafts.
AB  - This study was designed to evaluate the platelet-inhibiting effect of a new drug,
      calcium dobesilate, and to compare its efficacy to the known antiplatelet agent,
      ibuprofen. Five centimeter long expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts (internal
      diameter 4 mm) were used to replace 48 carotid arteries in 24 dogs. Autologous
      platelets were labeled with indium-111-labeled tropolone and reinjected into each
      animal 24 hours before operation. Six animals received an intravenous placebo,
      six received 12.5 mg/kg of intravenous ibuprofen, six received 100 mg/kg of
      intravenous calcium dobesilate, and six received 200 mg/kg of intravenous calcium
      dobesilate before cross-clamping. The grafts were removed after 3 hours, and
      radioactivity was measured and platelet deposition calculated. The results have
      indicated that preoperative administration of ibuprofen and calcium dobesilate in
      this animal model significantly diminishes early platelet deposition. Calcium
      dobesilate appears to be a dose-dependent, highly effective antiplatelet agent.

PMID- 4061740
TI  - Technique of regional subtotal and total pancreatectomy.
AB  - The technique of regional pancreatectomy as detailed is divided into five phases.
      The procedure includes en bloc regional lymph node dissection, peripancreatic
      soft tissue resection, and resection with reconstruction of the pancreatic
      segment of portal vein. The pancreatic resection can be subtotal or total.

PMID- 4061741
TI  - The pelvic pouch and ileoanal anastomosis procedure. Surgical technique and
      initial results.
AB  - The pelvic pouch and ileoanal anastomosis procedure should be considered a
      reasonable alternative for selected patients with ulcerative colitis and familial
      polyposis. Patients can expect an improved quality of life without a stoma,
      particularly those with ulcerative colitis. The long-term effects of the
      reservoir are not completely known; however, from previous reports and from
      experience with the Kock's ileostomy reservoir, it seems unlikely that there will
      be a long-term metabolic problems. It appears that a reservoir is essential in
      adults to minimize stool frequency to an acceptable level and that there is an
      inverse correlation between pouch size and stool frequency. We still consider
      this to be an evolutionary procedure and, as such, it should be confined to
      specialized centers where larger experiences can be accumulated. For the majority
      of patients who are being considered for proctocolectomy and ileostomy, we urge
      that they be made aware of alternative forms of therapy and that retaining the
      rectum should be considered in these patients due to the possibility of
      reconstructive surgery at a future date.

PMID- 4061742
TI  - Pancreatogastrostomy: an ideal complement to pancreatic head resection with
      preservation of the pylorus in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - We have reported our experience with pancreatoduodenectomy with preservation of
      the pylorus performed in 37 patients for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis
      and its complications. The remaining pancreatic tail duct was occluded in 12
      patients without anastomosis. Eight complications were observed and reoperation
      was necessary in two patients. Three complications and one reoperation occurred
      in the 25 patients who underwent pancreatogastrostomy. There was no operative
      mortality in the 37 patients. Six to 30 months postoperatively, 23 patients were
      free of complaints, the average weight gain was 7.6 kg, and so far no marginal
      ulcers have developed. Technically, pancreatogastrostomy is easy and
      complications may be identified early. According to our results, this type of
      anastomosis is the most favorable so far and is particularly suitable for the
      significant reduction of complications and deaths related to partial
      pancreatoduodenectomy.

PMID- 4061743
TI  - The arcuate skin staple: its influence on pain of staple penetration and removal.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to measure the degree of pain elicited by either
      staple implantation and by removal in human subjects. Included in the study were
      conventional rectangular staples and the new arcuate staples. The pain associated
      with staple implantation was significantly greater than that associated with
      staple removal. The configuration of the staple did not influence the magnitude
      of pain associated with either staple implantation or staple removal.

PMID- 4061744
TI  - Excision of multiple epidermal facial cysts in Gardner's syndrome.
AB  - A rhytidectomy incision is recommended to excise multiple facial epidermal cysts
      in patients with Gardner's syndrome. The advantage of this approach is that it
      permits excision of excess skin over the cyst with esthetically pleasing hidden
      scars. The alternative to this procedure, a separate incision over each cyst,
      results in disfiguring and conspicuous scars.

PMID- 4061745
TI  - Use of the pectoralis major muscle flap for repair of a tracheoesophageal
      fistula.
AB  - A case of tracheal rupture after a Lewis-Tanner esophagectomy in a patient with
      carcinoma of the esophagus was complicated by the formation of a
      tracheoesophageal fistula after initial direct repair. The fistula was
      successfully treated with a pectoralis major muscle flap moved into the superior
      mediastinum by a sternotomy and excision of the upper part of the sternum and
      adjacent costal cartilages.

PMID- 4061746
TI  - Tuberculosis of the breast: rare but still extant. Review of the literature and
      report of an additional case.
AB  - Tuberculosis of the breast is a rare malady that is usually manifested by a
      unilateral mass suggestive of carcinoma or sometimes of abscess. Mammography also
      suggests carcinoma in most instances. However, at operation, the discovery of
      necrotic tissue or abscess may lead to the suspicion of infectious or
      inflammatory disease rather than neoplasm. The diagnosis of tuberculosis may be
      established by the demonstration of acid-fast bacilli in excised tissue, by
      culture studies, or by guinea pig inoculation; however, the diagnosis is usually
      not suspected. In the past, mastectomy was the usual treatment. Today, successful
      treatment combines antituberculous drug therapy with the removal of infected
      breast tissue. The prognosis for complete cure is excellent. One case of
      secondary tuberculous mastitis has been reported herein. The patient, an Egyptian
      woman residing in the United States since 1973, was treated in Egypt for
      pulmonary tuberculosis at age 17. She presented in 1982 with a breast mass that
      mimicked carcinoma on physical examination and mammograms, but excisional biopsy
      and histologic examination revealed a breast abscess that contained caseous
      material and a solitary acid-fast bacillus. The patient was cured of her disease
      after appropriate operation and a course of antituberculous drugs. This has been
      the only documented case of mammary tuberculosis at our institution. Despite its
      rarity, tuberculosis of the breast should not be forgotten in this age of world
      travel.

PMID- 4061747
TI  - Femoral artery based myocutaneous flap for hemipelvectomy closure: amputation
      after failed limb-sparing surgery and radiotherapy.
AB  - In this report, we have presented the first patient treated with a discontinuous
      myocutaneous flap for coverage of a hemipelvectomy combined with buttockectomy.
      This procedure allows circumferential excision of all tissues anterior and
      posterior to the hemipelvis. The circular defect that extends from the anus to
      anterior abdominal wall is covered with fresh tissue obtained from the anterior
      thigh just above the knee and supported on the superficial femoral artery. The
      major principles to be emphasized are the use of uninvolved tissues, as well as
      obtaining adequate tumor-free margins.

PMID- 4061748
TI  - [Results of early amniocentesis in the diagnosis of genetically caused fetal
      anomalies].

PMID- 4061749
TI  - [Transplacental passage of sodium salicylate and analgin in the last trimester of
      pregnancy and labor].

PMID- 4061750
TI  - [Dynamic changes in the duration of uterine contractions during tocolysis with
      the beta-adrenomimetic Pre-Par in high rupture of the amniotic sac].

PMID- 4061751
TI  - [Etiological study of a case of premature detachment of a normally located
      placenta].

PMID- 4061752
TI  - [Intrauterine fetal infection in premature rupture of the amniotic sac].

PMID- 4061754
TI  - [The oncobiogram and its use with ovarian tumor patients].

PMID- 4061753
TI  - [Epithelial ovarian tumors with a low malignancy potential. II. Biology, clinical
      aspects, treatment and prognosis].

PMID- 4061755
TI  - [Acrosomal enzymes in the seminal plasma of men with idiopathic varicocele and
      infertility].

PMID- 4061756
TI  - Tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism in the Rett disease.
AB  - Tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism was studied in nine Swedish patients with the Rett
      disease. Normal values were found for the serum biopterin level, urine biopterins
      level and dihydropterine reductase activity. These findings suggest that a
      primary disturbance of tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism is unlikely.

PMID- 4061757
TI  - Clinical, symptomatological, psychological and metabolic problems in Rett
      syndrome. Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium of the Ludwig Boltzmann
      Institute for Research on Infantile Brain Damages. Vienna, September 26-27, 1984.
      A special issue dedicated to Professor Andreas Rett.

PMID- 4061758
TI  - Rett syndrome--a nosological entity.

PMID- 4061759
TI  - Behavioral observations concerning differential diagnosis between the Rett
      syndrome and autism.
AB  - The behavior of girls with the Rett syndrome was compared to that of patients
      with infantile autism (Kanner syndrome) and with autism associated with infantile
      organic brain damage. Visual, acoustic, tactile and gustatory stimuli, and social
      contact were used. Motor stereotypes and disturbances were recorded and the
      mental development was categorized. Behavioral traits were classified into 4
      groups: Behavior observed only in the Rett syndrome (at least optionally),
      Behavior observed in each case of the Rett syndrome (at most optionally in the
      autistic syndrome), Behavior observed only in the autistic syndrome (at least
      optionally), Behavior observed in each case of the autistic syndrome (at most
      optionally in the Rett syndrome). These traits were adequate criteria for
      differential diagnosis. It was concluded that the Rett syndrome is characterized
      by definite signs of dementia with almost overall developmental retardation and
      that it does not show several attributes regularly found in autistic children. A
      neuropsychological theory was proposed to explain the coming about of specific
      autistic behavior.

PMID- 4061760
TI  - Rett syndrome: report of eight cases.
AB  - The author reports eight cases of the Rett syndrome, or dementia-ataxia-autism,
      in girls. The cases satisfy the following criteria: Normal development in the
      first mos of life. Profound deterioration of the mental status over a period of
      several mos. Behavioral pseudoautistic abnormalities. Presence of neurological
      signs such as ataxia, myoclonus and hyperreflexia. Normal head circumference at
      birth, but subsequent subnormal growth. EEG abnormalities. Slow progression of
      the disease after the period of rapid deterioration. The constellation of the
      signs and symptoms, and the occurrence only in girls, make this clinical picture
      quite distinct. There is no definitely known biochemical or chromosomal
      abnormality. The psychological profile, though homogeneous in all the patients,
      is not pathognomonic, and a very similar behavioral pattern can be observed in
      other organic brain syndromes.

PMID- 4061761
TI  - Rett syndrome: a case report from an audiovisual program.
AB  - A case report of a 13-yr-6-mo-old girl with the Rett syndrome is provided from an
      audiovisual program featuring home movies taken from 2 mos of age and onward. The
      patient shows the following symptoms not previously emphasized in the Rett
      syndrome: deceleration of head growth (rather than acquired microcephaly), fall
      off in linear growth in infancy, early hypotonia, precocious puberty and
      respiratory alkalosis. Except for the precocious puberty, a second, 35-mo-old,
      patient has followed the same clinical course with similar laboratory findings.

PMID- 4061762
TI  - Rett syndrome: clinical presentation and laboratory investigations in 12 further
      French patients.
AB  - Twelve French patients with the Rett syndrome collected since July 1982 are
      reported. They confirm the stereotyped clinical presentation of the syndrome
      which represented 22% of the whole progressive encephalopathies referred to our
      hospital in the same period and 55% of the progressive encephalopathies of
      unknown etiology. Metabolic investigations have been constantly negative.

PMID- 4061763
TI  - Rett syndrome: a significant proportion of girls affected by autistic behavior.
AB  - The main clinical features of 20 girls affected by the Rett syndrome are
      described and for 3 of them more detailed case reports are given. Fifteen of
      these girls were observed for the first time between October 1983 and February
      1985. In the same period 25 other girls with the complete features of infantile
      autism were also seen for the first time. The marked loneliness with gaze and
      hearing avoidance and the speech abnormality of girls with the Rett syndrome are
      also discussed.

PMID- 4061764
TI  - A case of the Rett syndrome.
AB  - This is a case report of the Rett syndrome in a girl with normal general and
      psychomotor development during the first 12 mos. Afterwards developmental
      stagnation and retrogression appeared which led within one yr to dementia,
      autism, loss of purposeful hand use, truncal ataxia and apraxia of gait.
      Characteristic stereotypic movements of the hands occurred, and, furthermore,
      rhythmic truncal balancing and episodic hyperpnea. At 2 yrs, neurological
      examination showed slight hypertonia and hyperreflexia of the legs without
      extensor plantar signs, there was relative microcephaly, and visceral examination
      was normal. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical signs: all laboratory
      investigations were negative except EEG which showed unspecific modifications. We
      didn't find hyperammonemia. No progression of the symptoms appeared in the 15 mos
      following the diagnosis.

PMID- 4061765
TI  - A contribution regarding the Rett syndrome.
AB  - Andreas Rett described a "cerebral atrophic syndrome accompanying hyperammonemia"
      for the first time in 1966, and by 1983 over 80 such cases had been identified
      and described not only in Austria but also in other countries. If the information
      at our disposal is correct, we have reported on what we believe is the first case
      of a patient with a definite Rett syndrome in the German Democratic Republic. We
      are, regrettably, still unable to contribute decisively to the clarification of
      the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease, but will, through further
      publications and papers at pediatric and child-neuropsychiatric meetings,
      continue to spread the knowledge of the symptomatology. It is remarkable that in
      the present case neither computer tomography nor electroencephalography showed
      definite abnormalities despite much effort. Definite proof of cerebral atrophy
      cannot, therefore, yet be furnished. But we still have no doubt that our
      diagnosis is correct. We intend, within the framework of a joint study being
      conducted by the University Pediatric Hospital Rostock and the Ludwig Boltzmann
      Institute, Vienna, as part of the scientific and technical cooperation between
      the Republic of Austria and the German Democratic Republic, to investigate
      further the epidemiology and etiology of this disease in cooperation with our
      Departments of Metabolic Disturbances and Genetics.

PMID- 4061766
TI  - The clinical pattern of the Rett syndrome.
AB  - A case of infantile spasms who developed later on many characteristics of Rett
      syndrome is described. Rett syndrome was also observed in two sisters. This will
      probably have great importance for genetic counselling.

PMID- 4061767
TI  - Forensic problems in Rett syndrome.
AB  - A case of the Rett syndrome is presented, where the patient died without medical
      help at home because of extreme malnutrition. The forensic aspects of the case
      are discussed.

PMID- 4061768
TI  - Abnormal breathing in the Rett syndrome.
AB  - Four girls affected with the Rett syndrome showed stereotyped hand movements and
      psychomotor regression beginning in the first or second year of life after
      initially normal development, with total loss of language, a severe gait, and
      chewing and swallowing disturbances. Breathing during active wakefulness was
      abnormal, with clusters of arrhythmic, tachypneic and irregular respiratory acts,
      intermixed with prolonged apneic episodes causing cyanosis and even fainting. On
      the other hand, breathing was regular during both NREM and REM sleep stages.
      Breathing impairment in the Rett syndrome is characterized by an inability to
      maintain normal respiratory patterns during wakefulness, and represents a
      functional disturbance of the behavioral control of breathing, which occurs
      during active wakefulness.

PMID- 4061769
TI  - Neuropathological studies in a child showing some features of the Rett syndrome.
AB  - Clinical and neuropathological data are presented from a girl who died at 14 yrs
      and who in life displayed some of the characteristics of the Rett syndrome-
      social withdrawal, progressive loss of locomotor as well as social skills,
      microcephaly, and a very restricted stereotypy of manipulation. Neuropathological
      studies showed mild generalised cerebral atrophy with marked unevenness of
      melanin deposition in nigral neurones. It is suggested that this patient may
      represent a severe form of the Rett syndrome.

PMID- 4061770
TI  - Chromatographic profiles at E-280 nm for urinary precipitates in morbus Rett.
AB  - Previously we have observed different characteristic chromatographic ultraviolet
      absorbancy profiles at 280 nm for urinary protein precipitates from patients with
      behavioral disorders. The purpose with this study was to look for similar changes
      in urinary protein excretion from the grossly disabled patients with the Rett
      syndrome. Benzoic acid precipitates from the urine from 20 patients were
      chromatographed on a Sephadex G-25 gel column. There appeared 3 different
      profiles: 6 as observed in normal controls, 5 like that in compulsive behavior,
      and 9 were similar to those observed for autistiform-schizophreniform patients.
      The profiles did not mirror the behavioral observations for the patients,
      although the first group of 6 patients were the least disabled, whereas the last
      9 patients were the most seriously ill. In conclusion the chromatographic
      profiles suggest a heterogeneous group of patients, but we need more observations
      for several patients over time, as there may be a change with the exacerbation of
      the disease.

PMID- 4061771
TI  - On the genetics of the Rett syndrome.
AB  - Ever since its recognition as a separate disease, the Rett syndrome has been
      reported to afflict girls only. For this reason, heredity has consistently
      remained at the forefront of discussions regarding putative causes. On account of
      the gravity of the disorder and the want for adequate therapy, the clarification
      of its genesis is of great practical importance in consideration of the
      possibility of descendants. J Wahlstrom reports a breakpoint at Xp22 in two
      sisters with the disease and in their healthy mother. This finding is
      questionable as being typical of the syndrome in light of recent chromosomal
      findings. In addition to Wahlstrom's two-step-mutation hypothesis, an earlier
      suggestion of an X-chromosomal dominant new mutation is under discussion again.
      Further genetic findings are expected from a yet-to-be-completed interpretation
      of all relevant data hitherto observed in approximately 160 probands and their
      families.

PMID- 4061772
TI  - Rett syndrome: criteria for inclusion and exclusion.
AB  - In the absence of discriminatory laboratory tests for accurate diagnosis of the
      Rett syndrome, the authors have tried to give as precise clinical criteria as
      possible for use particularly for research purposes.

PMID- 4061773
TI  - Note on Rett syndrome symposium.

PMID- 4061774
TI  - Cerebral blood flow velocity in preterm neonates.
AB  - The postnatal changes of cerebral blood flow velocity in 35 preterm neonates with
      or without complications were measured with a bidirectional Doppler flow meter.
      In the cases without complications, the pulsatility index for the anterior
      cerebral artery (ACA-PI) was high shortly after birth, and gradually decreased
      after 6 hrs as that in normal term neonates. However ACA-PI showed large
      variations in the cases with respiratory distress. On the other hand, ACA-PI in
      the cases with subependymal hemorrhage (SEH) was low during the first 6 hrs after
      birth, and thereafter showed no significant changes. ACA-PI in the cases with
      intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) was high during the first 6 hrs after birth and
      then decreased when IVH was found on ultrasound scanning. ACA-PI increased
      gradually with progression of post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation. The
      difference of high PI in IVH and low PI in SEH during the first few hrs after
      birth suggests that the pathogenesis of SEH may be different from the mechanism
      of intraventricular rupture from SEH. Low PI values in the infants with SEH may
      be related to intrapartum events, while the changing patterns of high to low PI
      in the infants with IVH suggest postnatal hemodynamic changes.

PMID- 4061775
TI  - The effect of perinatal anoxia on amino acid metabolism in the developing brain.
      Part I: The effect of experimental anoxia on the free amino acid patterns in the
      brain of neonatal rats.
AB  - The effect of perinatal anoxia on the subsequent amino acid pattern in the brain
      during a period of 2 wks after birth was investigated using neonatal rats. Sixty
      nine neonatal albino rats of the Wistar strain were divided into 3 groups: the
      1st control group (n = 36), the 2nd anoxic group (n = 30) and the 3rd anoxic
      ischemic group (n = 3). In the 1st and 2nd groups, 6 rats out of each group were
      sacrificed on the each of the following days respectively, the 1st, 3rd, 5th,
      7th, 10th and 15th days of life for amino acid assays of brain. In the 3rd group,
      3 rats were sacrificed 2 days after ligation of the carotid artery on one side,
      and free amino acid levels in both cerebral hemispheres were separately measured.
      In the controls, the levels of GABA, Asp and Glu in the brain increased, those of
      Tau and Gly decreased and those of PE, Thr, Ser, Gln, Ala and Leu did not change
      during the experimental period. The total free amino acid level in the brain of
      the controls remained almost completely unchanged during this period. After
      anoxic exposure the levels of GABA, Tau, PE, Asp, Thr, Glu, Gln and Ala, and the
      total free amino acid level in the brain decreased until the 7th day of life and
      thereafter rapidly increased. The Gly level continuously decreased and the Ser
      and Leu levels did not change during the experiment. The GABA and Gly levels
      after anoxia decreased and were still low on the 15th day of life.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4061776
TI  - The effect of perinatal anoxia on amino acid metabolism in the developing brain.
      Part II: The effect of perinatal anoxia on the free amino acid patterns in CSF of
      infants and children.
AB  - To clarify the effects of perinatal anoxia on the subsequent amino acid
      metabolism in the brain of children, free amino acid levels in the cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) were determined in 15 children diagnosed as having cerebral palsy
      and/or mental retardation with perinatal anoxia, and 58 control children without
      anoxia, aged from 4 days to 12 yrs. There was no significant difference in total
      amino acid levels between anoxic children and the controls. In the controls, the
      Gln level in CSF was high, Arg, Asp and Glu levels in CSF were almost the same
      during infancy and childhood, and the levels of Orn, Lys, His, Tau, Thr, Ser,
      Asn, Gly, Ala, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Tyr and Phe in CSF decreased with age until
      pre-school age. In the newborns and infants among the anoxic children, the levels
      of most free amino acids in CSF were relatively high compared with those of the
      controls and, except Glu and Gln, decreased with age during infancy. The Orn,
      His, Gly, Tyr and Phe levels in CSF of anoxic children were lower than those of
      the controls in older infants. These results suggest that perinatal anoxia
      affected free amino acid patterns in CSF of newborns and infants and that the
      subsequent disturbance of amino acid metabolism in their brains remained after
      birth.

PMID- 4061777
TI  - Cerebral arteriovenous malformations in children.
AB  - Differences in clinical features of arteriovenous malformations (AVM) in six
      children with ruptured AVM (RAM) and three with unruptured AVM (URAM) are herein
      reported. The age at onset ranged from the neonatal period to 8 yrs in cases of
      URAM and 10 to 12 yrs in those with RAM. The children with RAM had a sudden onset
      of intracranial hemorrhage, except for one with prodromal symptoms such as
      vertigo or headache. The clinical features of URAM were chronic mild symptoms
      such as a certain degree of delayed development, focal neurologic signs or
      increased intracranial pressure in addition to macrocephalus and cranial bruit.
      CT scan revealed an evenly enhanced AVM and dilatation of ventricles in cases of
      URAM. The RAMs were angiographically relatively small while the URAMs were large.

PMID- 4061778
TI  - H-reflex study in normal children and patients with cerebral palsy.
AB  - The H-reflex was studied in 53 children with cerebral palsy, and the results were
      compared with those obtained for 56 normal control subjects. Pairs of identical
      stimuli were delivered and the time course of recovery of the amplitude of the H
      reflex was determined. Recovery of the H-reflex was increased in the normal
      control group aged 0 to 12 mos compared to that in the normal control group aged
      1 to 9 yrs, especially at interstimulus intervals from 100 to 800 msec. In
      children with spasticity, marked recoveries of the H-reflex were observed in both
      age groups, 0 to 12 mos and 1 to 9 yrs, compared to those in normal controls. In
      the cases of athetosis, recovery of the H-reflex was also marked. In children
      with ataxia, it was not pronounced and similar to that in normal controls. From
      these findings, an H-reflex study was considered to be useful for evaluation of
      central nervous system function in childhood.

PMID- 4061779
TI  - Acute and delayed neurologic reaction to inoculation with attenuated live measles
      virus.
AB  - A Japanese boy developed a high fever and a prolonged convulsion 11 days after
      inoculation with live measles vaccine. He had 4 more seizures during the next 6
      mos. His EEG became transiently abnormal 14 mos later. Antimeasles complement
      fixation, hemagglutination, and neutralization titers were elevated.

PMID- 4061780
TI  - Multimodality evoked potentials in progression of metachromatic leukodystrophy.
AB  - A 2-yr-3-mo-old girl with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) was examined using
      serial multiple electrophysiological procedures. Sensory nerve conduction
      velocity was delayed earlier and more severely than motor nerve conduction
      velocity. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) showed prolonged latency of wave IV.
      Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) showed prolonged latency of waves I and V,
      and the I-V interval. As to the interpeak latency of somatosensory evoked
      potentials (SEPs), the P9-P14 and the P14-N20 intervals were prolonged on
      admission. Two months later, both intervals were more prolonged, but the
      prolongation of the P9-P14 interval was the most prominent. The demyelination in
      our case may have started in the cerebral white matter, progressed to the
      peripheral nerves, and at last via the spinal root reached the brainstem. An
      electrophysiological follow-up study may be valuable in the understanding of the
      progressive pathological changes and in the evaluation of therapeutic measures.

PMID- 4061781
TI  - Brain stem auditory evoked potentials in two siblings with Niemann-Pick disease.
AB  - Niemann-Pick disease is a disorder of sphingomyelin metabolism, which produces
      organomegaly and progressive generalized neurologic dysfunction. In two brothers
      with Niemann-Pick disease type C brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs)
      produced prolongation of waves I-III interpeak latencies.

PMID- 4061782
TI  - Pyocephalus in a case of encephalocele and Arnold-Chiari anomaly: interactions
      between malformations and inflammation.
AB  - This report deals with a 7-wk-old infant with an unusual tamponade empyema of the
      ventricular system associated with an occipital encephalocele and Arnold-Chiari
      anomaly. The infection extended from the ruptured encephalocele to the
      ventricular system. Arnold-Chiari malformation locked the infection within the
      ventricular system through herniation and occlusion of the ventricular foramina
      and prevented from spreading into subarachnoid space. The long survival of the
      infant allowed for the formation of pyocephalus. There was also an extensive
      coarctation of the ventricular walls and aqueductal occlusion which probably
      resulted from the infectious process in the early postnatal life.

PMID- 4061783
TI  - Tuberous sclerosis: report of two cases studied by computer-assisted cranial
      tomography within one week after birth.
AB  - Two neonates with tuberous sclerosis are reported. The patients presented
      convulsive seizures 30 mins or 5 days after birth. Computer-assisted cranial
      tomography (CT) on admission showed typical paraventricular calcifications in
      Case 1 and a calcified mass in Case 2. In addition to the CT findings, the
      diagnosis was made on the basis of the depigmented skin, and the mother with
      tuberous sclerosis in Case 1 and the pathological findings after surgery in Case
      2. The importance of CT as a diagnostic procedure for this disease within 1 wk
      after birth is emphasized.

PMID- 4061784
TI  - Aicardi syndrome. Report of 6 cases and a review of Japanese literature.
AB  - This report presents 6 cases of Aicardi syndrome (infantile spasms, agenesis of
      the corpus callosum, chorioretinopathy), and a review of Japanese literature. Two
      patients developed Lennox-Gastaut syndrome following infantile spasms. Visual
      evoked potential was examined in every case with binocular and monocular flash
      stimulations. Normal response was obtained in 5 cases, and no response in 1.
      Auditory brainstem response was examined in 2 cases. Central conduction time was
      prolonged in 1 case.

PMID- 4061785
TI  - A case of a rapidly progressive central nervous system disorder manifesting as a
      pallidal posture and ocular motor apraxia.
AB  - We report a case of a rapidly progressive central nervous system disorder, in
      which the outstanding clinical features were ocular motor apraxia and a pallidal
      posture. The etiology remains unknown except for the possibility of post
      influenza immunization encephalopathy.

PMID- 4061786
TI  - Kinky hair disease with suspected pseudo-Bartter syndrome.

PMID- 4061787
TI  - Control of spinal blockade. A volume expansion technique with hyperbaric
      cinchocaine.
AB  - Subarachnoid anaesthesia was performed using 2 ml of hyperbaric cinchocaine
      diluted with cerebrospinal fluid in 83 patients. When different volumes of the
      diluted cinchocaine (6 ml or 8 ml) were injected in the same manner into two
      comparable groups of patients in the height range of 150-180 cm, there was a
      statistically significant (p less than 0.001) difference in the mean levels of
      the analgesia obtained. Individual values had a narrow range of spread for a
      given volume of injectate. There was no significant correlation between maximum
      analgesic levels and age and height in this group. When the smaller volume of 6
      ml was given to 21 patients under 150 cm in height, there was a statistically
      significant correlation (r = -0.74) between height and levels obtained. It is
      possible to obtain the required analgesic levels by varying the volume of
      dilution without altering the drug dosage, but height is an important
      consideration in patients of less than 150 cm.

PMID- 4061788
TI  - Extradural block. Confirmation of the injection site by X-ray monitoring.
AB  - X-ray monitoring was used to confirm the accuracy of extradural block in 100
      patients who attended the Pain Relief Clinic for treatment of a variety of
      different conditions. A Tuohy needle was introduced by the central or paramedian
      approach and conventional physical signs, notably loss of resistance, used to
      identify entry into the extradural space. A radio-opaque dye was introduced prior
      to the analgesic solution, to display the injection site. X-ray screening
      confirmed the accuracy of the block in 83 patients, but unexpectedly in 17 the
      point of the needle was either just outside the spinal canal or only partly in
      the extradural space. There was no difficulty in correcting the needle position
      with the X-ray facilities available. Imprecise needle siting is only partially
      explained by technical problems. Imprecise siting of the needle may be
      responsible for at least some cases of inadequate analgesia or unexpected
      complications. In our view X-ray confirmation of site is essential for difficult
      extradural blocks, or when neurolytic solutions are introduced into the spinal
      canal. It may also be useful in teaching and research.

PMID- 4061789
TI  - Resuscitation skills.

PMID- 4061790
TI  - Difficult tracheal intubation.

PMID- 4061791
TI  - Organophosphate insecticide poisoning.

PMID- 4061792
TI  - Acid aspiration in obstetrics.

PMID- 4061793
TI  - Severe muscle spasm during surgery.

PMID- 4061794
TI  - Penile block in awake children.

PMID- 4061795
TI  - Epidural test dose.

PMID- 4061796
TI  - A possible cause for a malfunctioning oxygen-air mixer.

PMID- 4061797
TI  - An unusual case of nasotracheal tube occlusion.

PMID- 4061798
TI  - Pre-operative anxiety and anaesthetic room decor.

PMID- 4061799
TI  - Intrathecal frusemide.

PMID- 4061800
TI  - Rectal premedication in children. Comparison of diazepam with a mixture of
      morphine, scopolamine and diazepam.
AB  - Two hundred and eight healthy children who were to undergo minor elective surgery
      during halothane, nitrous oxide, oxygen anaesthesia were studied in a double
      blind investigation to evaluate the sedative and anticholinergic effects of two
      rectal premedications. Group I received diazepam 0.75 mg/kg rectally; Group II
      received a mixture of diazepam 0.5 mg/kg, morphine 0.15 mg/kg and hyoscine 0.01
      mg/kg rectally. No significant difference was found between the two groups in
      sedative or anticholinergic effects during induction of anaesthesia or in the
      postoperative period. No adverse effects were seen.

PMID- 4061801
TI  - Blocking the circulatory responses to tracheal intubation. A comparison of
      fentanyl and nalbuphine.
AB  - The effects of three drug administration programmes on the haemodynamic responses
      to tracheal intubation have been compared. Thirty patients received thiopentone 4
      mg/kg. Ninety seconds later, following the injection of either saline, nalbuphine
      0.3 mg/kg or fentanyl 5 micrograms/kg, suxamethonium 1.5 mg/kg was given. The
      pressor response to tracheal intubation which occurred after saline was reduced
      after nalbuphine (p less than 0.05) but a tachycardia still occurred. In
      contrast, neither an increase in blood pressure nor heart rate occurred in those
      patients given fentanyl. It is concluded that nalbuphine 0.3 mg/kg is only
      partially effective in reducing the cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and
      tracheal intubation.

PMID- 4061802
TI  - Anaesthesia for bullectomy. A technique with spontaneous ventilation and
      extradural blockade.
AB  - A patient with severe bullous emphysema in whom one bulla occupied more than 25%
      of the hemithorax, with a shift of the mediastinum to the opposite side, was
      anaesthetised for bullectomy with a combination of intravenous gamma
      hydroxybutyric acid and a high thoracic extradural catheter technique. During the
      operation the patient breathed 100% oxygen through a double-lumen endobronchial
      tube in the lateral thoracotomy position. Extradural analgesia during the
      operation was provided by bupivacaine 0.25%, with adrenaline 1:200 000 and,
      postoperatively, with nicomorphine diluted in dextrose 5%. The advantages of this
      technique are described.

PMID- 4061803
TI  - Moisture-conserving efficiency of condenser humidifiers.
AB  - The moisture-conserving efficiency of commercially available condenser
      humidifiers (small, disposable, airway humidifiers) was studied. A comprehensive
      comparison of all currently available condenser humidifiers utilising a
      laboratory system which simulated a breathing, intubated patient in temperature,
      humidity, dead space, and respiratory pattern characteristics was undertaken. The
      percentage of moisture conserved, or efficiency, of the humidifiers was
      calculated gravimetrically from the water loss of the testing system with and
      without the condenser humidifiers. The Portex Humid-Vent and Trach-Vent, Siemens
      Servo 150 and the Terumo Brethaia were evaluated. The data revealed an inverse
      correlation between efficiency and tidal volume. The most efficient were the
      Portex Humid-Vent at low tidal volumes and Siemens Servo 150 at the mid and high
      tidal volumes. To achieve a minimum inspired water content of 33 mg H2O/litre
      gas, a 79% condenser humidifier efficiency is necessary. None of these units met
      this requirement; however, they may be appropriate for limited clinical
      application.

PMID- 4061804
TI  - Evaluation of the IVAC 560 volumetric pump. A clinical and laboratory study.
AB  - The performance of a new combined infusion pump and central venous pressure
      monitor, the IVAC 560, has been evaluated in laboratory and clinical studies. The
      pump performed accurately and reliably, and the pressure readings obtained from
      the pump correlated well with conventional methods of pressure measurement,
      although they lost accuracy when using 50% dextrose at higher venous pressures.

PMID- 4061805
TI  - [Experiences with therapeutic whole-body hyperthermia].
AB  - Therapeutic whole body hyperthermia (WBH) as an additional therapy in the
      treatment of cancer has been known for a long time and is beginning to attain
      acceptance. In a clinical study 28 patients were treated 70 times with WBH at a
      core temperature of 41.8 degrees C. Hyperthermia was induced and maintained with
      an extracorporal circuit (ECC). Patients were anaesthesized with nitrous oxygen,
      enflurane and fentanyl. Therefore artificial ventilation was mandatory. Invasive
      monitoring was used to control vital functions. The effect of WBH includes a rise
      in cardiac output and heart rate as well as a decrease in total vascular
      resistance and mean arterial pressure. Pulmonary function almost remains
      constant. A raised oxygen consumption is compensated by a rise of oxygen
      availability. In consequence of an augmented perspiratio insensibilis and the
      ECC, close observation of fluid and electrolyte balance is necessary. According
      to our experience the small number of complications and problems allows the
      treatment with WBH even of patients with a high risk of anaesthesia.

PMID- 4061806
TI  - [Influence of the volume of peridural morphine bolus injections on morphine
      concentration in the cisterna magna of the dog].
AB  - 14 dogs received randomly a bolus injection of either 2 mg morphine in 10 ml
      isotonic saline solution or 2 mg morphine in 1 ml isotonic saline solution
      epidurally at T6. An epidural infusion of 0.16 mg morphine/0.06 ml/h was applied
      immediately following the 1 ml bolus injection of morphine. Cisternal
      cerebellomedullary CSF samples were taken at varying intervals to determine free
      morphine immunoreactivity by radioimmunoassay. Within 20 min after the 10 ml
      bolus injection the peak CSF morphine concentration of 3594 +/- 910 ng/ml was
      reached. Following this, CSF morphine levels decreased exponentially and after 48
      h 8 +/- 3 ng/ml were measured. The peak CSF morphine concentration of 139 +/- 51
      ng/ml was, however, reached only after 2 h following the 1 ml bolus injection
      plus the infusion treatment. Despite the additional infused amount of 7.68 mg
      over 48 h the CSF morphine concentrations decreased also exponentially and after
      48 h 16 +/- 4 ng/ml were measured. One may conclude, therefore, that the risk of
      respiratory depression is negligible under epidural infusion treatment following
      an initial "Low-Volume"-bolus injection of 2 mg morphine, a recommendable method
      for treating post-operative pain. High-volume bolus injections of morphine should
      generally be abandoned in epidural treatment of pain.

PMID- 4061807
TI  - Joint meeting of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Anaesthesiologie und
      Intensivmedizin and the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and
      Ireland. 16-17 May 1985, Bonn. Abstracts.

PMID- 4061808
TI  - Determination of nucleotide pools in plant tissue by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - A procedure for the determination of nucleotide pools in plant tissue by HPLC is
      described. Sample preparation includes the extraction with 0.4 M HClO4, a
      purification step, which proved to be essential, on a disposable prepacked phenyl
      bonded column, neutralization by KOH, and concentration by freeze-drying. The
      determination of a broad spectrum of ribonucleotides including the
      ribonucleosides was performed by combining anion-exchange and reversed-phase
      HPLC. Data are presented for suspension-cultured cells of Nicotiana tabacum and
      Datura innoxia and for the leaf and root of tobacco.

PMID- 4061809
TI  - Assay of inorganic phosphate in the mild pH range, suitable for measurement of
      glycogen phosphorylase activity.
AB  - A spectrophotometric assay of orthophosphate at mild pH is described.
      Phosphomolybdate complex is reduced by ascorbic acid at pH 5.0 in the presence of
      Zn2+. The chromophore produced is measured at 850 nm. The method is simple and
      sensitive, and the reaction proceeds normally in the presence of "interfering
      substances" such as metal-chelating agents and thiol compounds. The method could
      be widely employed for the assay of phosphate-releasing reaction from labile
      organic phosphates, such as for the assay of glycogen phosphorylase.

PMID- 4061810
TI  - The product-selective blot: a technique for measuring enzyme activities in large
      numbers of samples and in native electrophoresis gels.
AB  - A method termed "product-selective" blotting has been developed for screening
      large numbers of samples for enzyme activity. The technique is particularly well
      suited to detection of enzymes in native electrophoresis gels. The principle of
      the method was demonstrated by blotting samples from glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2) or
      glutamate synthase (EC 1.4.7.1) reactions into an agarose gel embedded with ion
      exchange resin under conditions favoring binding of product (glutamate) over
      substrates and other substances in the reaction mixture. After washes to remove
      these unbound substances, the product was measured using either fluorometric
      staining or radiometric techniques. Glutaminase activity in native
      electrophoresis gels was visualized by a related procedure in which substrates
      and products from reactions run in the electrophoresis gel were blotted directly
      into a resin-containing "image gel." Considering the selective-binding materials
      available for use in the image gel, along with the possible detection systems,
      this method has potentially broad application.

PMID- 4061811
TI  - Protein analyses and reagents: microscale assay of calcium-binding activity of
      proteins and peptides using a nitrocellulose membrane.
AB  - A simple and reliable method for the measurement of calcium binding to proteins
      and peptides was developed. It is composed of two procedures--filtration through
      a nitrocellulose membrane filter and estimation of 45Ca retained on the membrane.
      The routine assay was completed within a few minutes, and only microgram amounts
      of samples were necessary. This method permitted the quantitative determination
      of the calcium-binding activity of proteins and peptides including one with a
      molecular weight of as low as 4000. This method also permitted the detection of
      low-affinity interactions (Kd congruent to 10(-3) M), possibly because the
      nitrocellulose membrane did not show nonspecific binding of calcium and because a
      washing step was not employed in the routine assay. Ultrafiltration membranes
      when used in the apparatus gave no useful data.

PMID- 4061812
TI  - Preparation and high-performance liquid chromatography of 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'
      phospho[35S]sulfate with a predetermined specific activity.
AB  - 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phospho[35S]sulfate (PAP35S) was prepared by incubating
      ATP and carrier-free H2(35)SO4 with a 100,000g supernatant fraction prepared from
      chick embryo chondrocytes. The product was partially purified by paper
      electrophoresis and mixed with unlabeled PAPS to give a solution of PAP35S with a
      specific activity and a concentration approximating those required for the
      desired metabolic studies. The product was analyzed by high-performance liquid
      chromatography on an anion-exchange column to determine the proportion of the
      35SO4 cpm and A260 material found in the PAPS and other contaminating
      nucleotides. The PAP35S was purified further by preparative high-performance
      liquid chromatography. The exact specific activity of the PAP35S was then
      determined by using this PAP35S preparation as the SO4 donor in a
      sulfotransferase reaction using a microsomal preparation from the chick embryo
      chondrocytes as the enzyme and an 3H-labeled oligosaccharide as the SO4 acceptor.
      The sulfated oligosaccharide was then isolated and the number of 3H and 35SO4
      counts per minute in this product were used to calculate the specific activity of
      the donor. The features of this generally useful approach for preparing PAP35S of
      any desired specific activity and concentration are discussed.

PMID- 4061813
TI  - Resolution of epoxide enantiomers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by chiral
      stationary-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Enantiomers of nine K-region and one non-K-region epoxides of polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons have been resolved by high-performance liquid chromatography with
      chiral stationary phases either ionically or covalently bonded to gamma
      aminopropylsilanized silica. Resolution of enantiomers was confirmed by
      ultraviolet-visible absorption, circular dichroism, and mass spectral analyses.
      This method has been applied to the determination of optical purity and absolute
      configuration of the K-region epoxides formed in the metabolism of 1
      methylbenz[a]anthracene, 7-methylbenz[a]anthracene, and 12
      methylbenz[a]anthracene by rat liver microsomes.

PMID- 4061814
TI  - Electron microscopic mapping of single-stranded discontinuities in cauliflower
      mosaic virus DNA by means of the biotin-avidin technique.
AB  - Biotin-labeled deoxyuridine triphosphate has been used to label the three natural
      single-stranded discontinuities of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus DNA. The presence of
      biotin permitted the direct visualization and mapping of the discontinuities by
      electron microscopy, using ferritin-labeled avidin.

PMID- 4061815
TI  - A new method for resolution of two- and three-component mixtures of fluorophores
      by phase-sensitive detection of fluorescence.
AB  - We describe a new method for the analysis of phase-sensitive fluorescence
      emission spectra. This method permits the resolution of three-component mixtures
      using spectra measured at a single modulation frequency. Phase-sensitive spectra
      are recorded using one modulation frequency, at a number of arbitrary detector
      phase angles. It is not necessary to suppress any one component. The spectra are
      then used to estimate the component lifetimes and steady-state fractional
      intensities using a nonlinear least-squares analysis procedure. The only
      requirement for the analysis is the knowledge of the steady-state spectra of the
      individual components. This procedure allowed the resolution of a two-component
      mixture of 9-methylanthracene (4.5 ns) and 9,10-diphenylanthracene (5.9 ns). It
      should be noted that resolution of two lifetimes which differ by only 30% is a
      difficult task. Additionally, we resolved a three-component mixture with
      lifetimes that differed fourfold: p-bis[2-(5-phenyloxazolyl)]benzene (1.3 ns), 9
      methylanthracene (4.5 ns), and 9,10-diphenylanthracene (5.9 ns). Conveniently,
      the technique utilizes a commercially available fixed-frequency phase
      fluorometer.

PMID- 4061816
TI  - Solubilization of proteins in dimethyl sulfoxide by permethylation: application
      to structural studies of apolipoprotein B.
AB  - The delipidated protein moiety, apolipoprotein B, of human low-density
      lipoproteins was permethylated in potassium butoxide/dimethyl sulfoxide with
      methyl iodide. The derivatized protein was soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide and, in
      the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, in an aqueous buffer. Analysis of the
      methylated apolipoprotein B by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis in the
      presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed five discrete bands of lower
      molecular mass than that of the parent 265-kDa protein, which disappeared upon
      permethylation. The electrophoretic behavior of the methylated apolipoprotein B
      was distinctly different from that of the other methylated proteins studied,
      including transferrin, bovine serum albumin, aldolase, beta-lactoglobulin, and
      apolipoprotein A-I, all of which had a higher apparent molecular weight after
      permethylation as compared to the corresponding native polypeptide. Calculated on
      the basis of methylated standard proteins the five polypeptides of apolipoprotein
      B have apparent molecular masses of 9.0, 16.6, 25.6, 35.7, and 46.7 kDa. The
      results suggest that the protein moiety of human low-density lipoprotein consists
      of subunits. In general, the results indicate that the permethylation method can
      be used to solubilize hydrophobic proteins in organic solvents for structural
      studies.

PMID- 4061817
TI  - The use of p-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride as a reagent for studies of proteins
      by fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - The reagent p-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride modifies the protein side chains of
      tyrosine, lysine, and histidine and the alpha-NH2 group. The p
      fluorobenzenesulfonyl (Fbs-) group, identified by the 19F nuclear magnetic
      resonance signal, exhibits a different 19F chemical shift for each functional
      group modified. The Fourier-transformed spectra of the Fbs- group displayed the
      expected nine-line multiplet in Fbs- amino acids and simple Fbs- peptides but not
      in the Fbs- proteins, where the resolution was less. Lysozyme, RNase, DNase, and
      chymotrypsin react with this reagent and each Fbs- protein exhibits a distinctive
      pattern of 19F NMR signals due to the label, suggesting that the reaction of the
      reagent varies with the reactivity of the side chains in a protein. The three
      major 19F signals of the unfolded Fbs-RNase in 8 M urea are due to the Fbs- label
      on the imidazolium, alpha-NH2, and epsilon-NH2 groups. Based upon results from
      amino acid and 19F NMR analyses of the tryptic-chymotryptic peptides of Fbs
      RNase, portions of the imidazolium and epsilon-NH2 resonances were assigned to
      the Fbs- label on His-105 and Lys-41, respectively, while the alpha-NH2 resonance
      was entirely due to the Fbs- label on the alpha-NH2 of Lys-1. Because Fbs-RNase
      has an unchanged, near-ultraviolet circular dichroism spectrum and because it
      retains approximately 80% of the RNase activity, the conformation of Fbs-RNase is
      probably not altered from the folded conformation of the native enzyme. Upon
      unfolding in 8 M urea or heating at 70 degrees C, Fbs-RNase gave a 19F NMR
      spectrum differing from that of the folded Fbs-RNase. In the presence of uridylic
      acid, Lys-41 was the only residue protected from modification by the reagent with
      a concomitant reduction of the epsilon-NH2 resonance, and the RNase thus modified
      was fully active. Hence, 19F NMR analysis of protein, via the reaction with p
      fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride, provided not only information about the protein
      conformation but also direct measurements of the modification status.

PMID- 4061818
TI  - High spatial resolution readout of 3-D metabolic organ structure: an automated,
      low-temperature redox ratio-scanning instrument.
AB  - Intraorgan compartmentation of metabolic processes plays an important role in the
      understanding of the physiological function of the integrated organ under normal
      as well as under pathological conditions. We describe here a technique by which 3
      D information on tissue redox state may be obtained by means of automated
      scanning of surface fluorescence. The instrument allows for serial scanning of
      frozen tissue. A typical scan of a tissue volume of 3 X 3 X 2 mm at a linear
      resolution of 50 micron and a spatial resolution of ca. 3 X 10(-7) ml includes
      144,000 single-point measurements of pyridine nucleotide and flavoprotein
      fluorescence within the tissue block. The scanning process is fully computerized
      and programs have been developed which allow 2- or 3-D reconstruction of the data
      in terms of "redox ratio models," exemplified here by a 3-D model of a spreading
      depression wave in the cerebral cortex of a gerbil.

PMID- 4061819
TI  - A "hanging" coverslip method for cell surface iodination of monolayer cultures.
AB  - A procedure is described by which the use of a 1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-3 alpha,6
      alpha-diphenyl glycoluril (iodogen)-coated coverslip to iodinate the cell surface
      proteins of monolayer cultures has been improved by "hanging" the coverslip at a
      defined distance from the cells. This method allows gentle manipulation of the
      cell culture, resulting in retention of high cell viability and in recovery of
      the cell monolayer with a minimum of mechanical damage. In addition, it allows
      the safe disposal of the radioactive coverslip upon completion of the reaction.
      Finally, the labeling is surface specific. The application of this procedure to
      3T3 fibroblasts results in labeling of proteins comparable to lactoperoxidase
      catalyzed iodinations.

PMID- 4061820
TI  - Quenching of carbohydrate reactions by azide.
AB  - Sodium azide, at concentrations that prevent development of microorganisms,
      interferes with the anthrone and phenol sulfuric acid reactions for
      carbohydrates, and with the glucose oxidase reaction. It does not affect copper
      reduction and the ortho-toluidine reaction.

PMID- 4061821
TI  - A method for quantitating nanogram amounts of soluble protein using the principle
      of silver binding.
AB  - A highly sensitive and quantitative assay for measuring protein in solution based
      on the capacity of protein to bind silver is described. In this procedure,
      protein samples are first treated with glutaraldehyde and then exposed to
      ammoniacal silver. After 10 min, the reaction is terminated by the addition of
      sodium thiosulfate and the optical density measured at 420 nm. The useful range
      of the assay for the majority of standard proteins tested lies between 15 and
      2000 ng. This represents a 100-fold increase in sensitivity over the Coomassie
      brilliant blue dye-binding procedure. There is little or no interference from
      carbohydrates, nonionic detergents, or ethanol, and pretreatment of protein
      samples with Bio-Gel P-2 to remove salts, thiol agents, EDTA, and sodium dodecyl
      sulfate makes this procedure compatible with most commonly used buffers. The cost
      in terms of silver utilization is nominal with a typical assay involving 10
      samples tested in triplicate amounting to less than $0.02 U. S.

PMID- 4061822
TI  - Alternate putrescine metabolites: quantitative analysis of delta'-pyrroline
      oxidation to 2-pyrrolidone in tissue homogenates by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - A sensitive analytical procedure for following the oxidation of delta'-pyrroline
      to 2-pyrrolidone in tissue homogenates is described. Homogenates are extracted
      with chloroform/acetonitrile and fractionated by high-performance liquid
      chromatography, and 2-pyrrolidone is quantitated by monitoring the column
      effluent at 200 nm. The lower limit of 2-pyrrolidone that can be accurately (+/-
      5%) quantitated is approximately 100 pmol. Phenazine methosulfate significantly
      enhances the rate of 2-pyrrolidone biosynthesis from delta'-pyrroline. Phenazine
      methosulfate and reduced glutathione are required to obtain proportionality
      between 2-pyrrolidone formation and incubation time. Formation of 2-pyrrolidone
      as a function of protein concentration is linear and 2-pyrrolidone biosynthesis
      as a function of delta'-pyrroline concentration is characterized by hyperbolic
      kinetics. Based on analysis of enzyme activity in different tissues, liver
      appears to play the dominant role in 2-pyrrolidone biosynthesis. The metabolic
      step from delta'-pyrroline to 2-pyrrolidone was localized in the cellular
      cytosol. These results demonstrate that the oxidation of delta'-pyrroline to 2
      pyrrolidone is enzyme mediated and provide a useful method for further
      characterization of this metabolic step.

PMID- 4061823
TI  - The analysis of ligand-binding data with experimental uncertainties in the
      independent variables.
AB  - The method of experimental data analysis known as least-squares requires several
      inherent assumptions to be met in order for the analysis to be statistically
      correct. In particular, it must be assumed that the experimental uncertainties
      exist only on the dependent variables. Least-squares is often used for
      applications where this assumption is not satisfied. An alternative method of
      data analysis circumvents the assumption that no experimental uncertainty exists
      in the independent variables. This method, known as maximum likelihood, will
      produce statistically correct results in cases where experimental uncertainty
      exists on both the dependent and independent variables. The method can easily be
      generalized to include cases where the dependent and independent variables are
      cross-correlated. The method can also be generalized to include non-Gaussian
      distributions of experimental uncertainties. The examples presented are simulated
      applications to ligand-binding problems. The general method is, however,
      applicable to a wide range of problems in biochemistry.

PMID- 4061825
TI  - A mixed hemagglutination test for binding of glycosylated cytochemical markers.
AB  - A sensitive hemagglutination test which uses simultaneously erythrocytes from two
      different species was developed to test the ability of glycosylated cytochemical
      markers to interact with membrane-bound lectins. The interaction between
      galactose-terminated glycoconjugates and Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 was
      chosen for exemplification. The lectin was covalently attached to the surface of
      sheep red blood cells, thus rendering them highly agglutinating for human
      erythrocytes. Small amounts of a large variety of terminal galactose-containing
      molecules inhibited the hemagglutination. The assay proved to be particularly
      useful for testing colloidal gold-adsorbed glycoconjugates of low protein
      concentration.

PMID- 4061824
TI  - Synthesis of L-selenodjenkolate and its degradation with methionine gamma-lyase.
AB  - A convenient method for the synthesis of a new selenium-containing amino acid, L
      selenodjenkolate (3,3'-methylenediselenobis(2-aminopropionic acid)), is
      described. The starting material, selenocystine, was found to be prepared easily
      from commercially available beta-chloro-L-alanine, elemental selenium, and sodium
      borohydride. These synthetic procedures are useful for the preparation of the
      isotope-labeled compounds. The physiochemical properties of selenodjenkolate thus
      prepared are reported. This amino acid undergoes alpha, beta-elimination to
      produce pyruvate, formaldehyde, ammonia, and selenium by bacterial methionine
      gamma-lyase under aerobic conditions: the Vmax and Km values were determined to
      be 0.5 mumol/min/mg and 2.3 mM, respectively.

PMID- 4061826
TI  - High-performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography: purification of rat
      liver carbamoylphosphate synthetase I and ornithine transcarbamoylase.
AB  - The applicability of high-performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography
      using newly developed silica-based ether-bonded phases is demonstrated in the
      purification of the rat liver enzymes carbamoylphosphate synthetase I and
      ornithine transcarbamoylase from crude mitochondrial extracts. As a result of the
      mild adsorption/elution conditions in this high-performance chromatographic mode,
      the enzymes are recovered in 20 min with 3- to 15-fold increases in specific
      activity. Since the enzymes are labile and may aggregate in solution, in one case
      up to Mr 330,000, this rapid purification demonstrates the potential of
      hydrophobic interaction chromatography in complex biological systems.

PMID- 4061827
TI  - Affinity chromatography of mitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide
      transhydrogenase.
AB  - The binding of mitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase to NAD+ and
      NADP+ immobilized to agarose through different parts of the nicotinamide
      nucleotide molecule was investigated. NADP+ bound at the C8 atom in the adenine
      moiety proved to be the most efficient ligand whereas that bound at the C3 atom
      of the ribose moiety was relatively inefficient. NAD+ ligands were generally
      inactive independently of the site of attachment. Previous results suggest,
      however, that binding to immobilized NAD+ may be influenced by the detergent in
      which transhydrogenase is dispersed. Binding to neither ligand was affected by
      the presence of the second substrate.

PMID- 4061828
TI  - Southern transfer of native DNA using nylon membranes.
AB  - Transfer of native or denatured DNA from gels or filter manifolds was compared
      using nylon or nitrocellulose membranes. The results were comparable when
      denatured DNA was used, but only nylon membranes were able to retain native DNA.
      Although retention of the native DNA was less efficient the bound DNA could be
      rapidly denatured in situ, avoiding the need to soak gels in alkaline
      denaturation solution and neutralizing buffer.

PMID- 4061829
TI  - An electrophoretic device concentrating charged macromolecules to a predetermined
      final solution volume.
AB  - An apparatus for electrophoretic concentration of charged macromolecules to a
      predetermined final solution volume has been developed. The concentration process
      has a yield of near 100%, which implies that it is possible to predetermine the
      final macromolecule concentration as well. Both the final macromolecule solution
      volume and concentration are nearly independent of the electrophoresis time when
      it exceeds a certain minimum value. The electric field strength across the
      boundary containing the concentrated macromolecule solution is very low. This
      considerably reduces macromolecule aggregation, adsorption, and denaturation at
      this boundary compared to conventional electrophoretic concentrator designs. Both
      one-stage and two-stage versions of the apparatus have been developed. The one
      stage version easily yields a 10-fold and the two-stage version a 50-fold
      concentration of the macromolecules. Typical macromolecule solution start volumes
      are 20-50 ml.

PMID- 4061830
TI  - A Coomassie blue-binding assay for the microquantitation of immobilized proteins.
AB  - A sensitive assay procedure for the determination of microgram quantities of
      immobilized proteins is described. The procedure is based on the property of
      Coomassie blue G-250 to bind strongly yet reversibly to proteins. The assay
      involves incubation of the immobilized protein with a solution containing 0.1%
      Coomassie blue, 10% acetic acid, and 25% isopropyl alcohol in distilled water at
      room temperature followed by washing off of the unbound dye. The protein-bound
      dye is eluted with methanolic NaOH, acidified, and the absorbance is measured at
      605 nm. The assay is highly reproducible and several proteins immobilized on
      various matrices could be conveniently assayed. Protein values determined by the
      dye-binding assay showed good agreement with those obtained by other procedures.

PMID- 4061832
TI  - Strategies for electrochemical immunoassay.

PMID- 4061831
TI  - Use of carboxypeptidase Y in studies of the mode of insertion of cytochrome b5
      into lipid vesicles.
AB  - Carboxypeptidase Y preparations from baker's yeast have been found to exhibit
      endopeptidase activity when cytochrome b5 was used as substrate. As the
      susceptibility of cytochrome b5 to attack by carboxypeptidase Y has been used to
      distinguish between two modes of insertion of cytochrome b5 into lipid bilayer,
      one which has the C terminal buried in the lipid bilayer and one which has a free
      C terminal, caution should be taken when employing carboxypeptidase Y
      preparations for this type of studies.

PMID- 4061833
TI  - Statistical method for estimation of number of components from single complex
      chromatograms: theory, computer-based testing, and analysis of errors.

PMID- 4061834
TI  - Statistical method for estimation of number of components from single complex
      chromatograms: application to experimental chromatograms.

PMID- 4061835
TI  - Simultaneous determination of nickel, lead, zinc, and copper in citrus leaves and
      rice flour by liquid chromatography with hexamethylenedithiocarbamate extraction.

PMID- 4061836
TI  - Comparison of ultraviolet and reductive amperometric detection for determination
      of ethyl and methyl parathion in green vegetables and surface water using high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4061837
TI  - Liquid chromatographic separation of inorganic anions on an alumina column.

PMID- 4061838
TI  - Desorption ionization of cesium iodide by Fourier transform mass spectrometry.

PMID- 4061839
TI  - Determination of glutathione in intact and hemolyzed erythrocytes by titration
      with tert-butyl hydroperoxide with end point detection by 1H nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectrometry.

PMID- 4061840
TI  - Unique-sample selection via near-infrared spectral subtraction.

PMID- 4061841
TI  - Determination of traces of gallium in biological materials by fluorometry.

PMID- 4061842
TI  - Measurement of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB in serum with immunoseparation and
      electrochemical detection.

PMID- 4061843
TI  - Two-dimensional enzyme electrode sensor for glucose.

PMID- 4061844
TI  - Isolation of plasma components by double antibody precipitation and filtration:
      application to the chromatographic determination of arbaprostil ([15R]-15
      methylprostaglandin E2).

PMID- 4061845
TI  - Thermospray liquid chromatograph/mass spectrometer interface with direct
      electrical heating of the capillary.

PMID- 4061846
TI  - Utility of silver ion attachment in fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.

PMID- 4061847
TI  - Determination of nifursol in medicated animal feeds using high-performance liquid
      chromatography. Analytical Methods Committee.

PMID- 4061848
TI  - Determination of vitamin A in animal feedingstuffs by high-performance liquid
      chromatography. Analytical Methods Committee.

PMID- 4061849
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of mebendazole in pure and dosage forms by
      complexation with potassium bismuth(III) iodide.

PMID- 4061850
TI  - Determination of low levels of chlorine in adipose tissue by means of the oxygen
      flask combustion technique and gas-liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4061851
TI  - Enzyme electrode for glucose based on the quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase.

PMID- 4061852
TI  - Lidocaine-selective membrane electrodes and their applications in pharmaceutical
      analysis.

PMID- 4061853
TI  - Spectral interferences and stray light in continuum source excited flame atomic
      fluorescence spectrometry.

PMID- 4061854
TI  - Determination of total calcium, zinc, manganese, iron, magnesium and phosphorus
      in animal feeds and plant material using inductively coupled plasma emission
      spectrometry.

PMID- 4061855
TI  - D.c. polarographic determination of certain aminoglycosides.

PMID- 4061856
TI  - Replacement of mercury by copper as a Kjeldahl catalyst for the determination of
      the total nitrogen in cheese.

PMID- 4061857
TI  - Procedure for the simultaneous determination of tartaric and citric acids and
      total carbonate by potentiometric titrimetry and its application to antacid
      analysis.

PMID- 4061858
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of oxyphenbutazone in drug formulations using
      the indophenol reaction.

PMID- 4061859
TI  - Inter-laboratory calibration for the quality control of pesticide analysis (1982
      1983).

PMID- 4061860
TI  - A computer search system for the identification of drugs using a combination of
      thin-layer chromatographic, gas-liquid chromatographic and ultraviolet
      spectroscopic data.

PMID- 4061861
TI  - Construction of ion-selective electrodes for chlorpromazine, amitriptyline,
      propantheline and meperidine: analytical study and application to pharmaceutical
      analysis.

PMID- 4061862
TI  - Polarographic assay of nitrazepam formulations.

PMID- 4061863
TI  - Analytical investigations of cephalosporins. Part 9. Polarographic behaviour of
      some selected cephalosporins and assay of their formulations.

PMID- 4061864
TI  - Determination of chlorpromazine and its sulphoxide in pharmaceutical dosage forms
      by third-order derivative ultraviolet spectroscopy.

PMID- 4061865
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of certain sympathomimetic amines.

PMID- 4061866
TI  - Evaluation of a slurry technique for the determination of lead in spinach by
      electrothermal atomic-absorption spectrometry.

PMID- 4061867
TI  - The ontogenetic development of serotonin (5-HT1) receptors in various cortical
      regions of the rat brain.
AB  - The distribution of serotonin (5-HT1) receptors in various cortical regions of
      the rat brain has been examined during ontogenesis by quantitative
      autoradiography. An increase in binding site density between the first postnatal
      day and adult age was observed and could be approximated by a sigmoid shaped
      (logistic) growth curve. A marked heterochrony in the increase of binding site
      density is found in the 13 analyzed cortical regions. Binding sites develop
      earlier in neocortex than in allocortical areas. Fifty percent of the binding
      site density of adult age is reached in the motor cortex at the 9th postnatal
      day, followed by the primary somatosensory cortex one day later, by the medial
      prefrontal cortex on the 12th day, by the fascia dentata on the 14th day and by
      the CA 1-region on the 20th day. A detailed analysis of the frontal, medial
      prefrontal and hippocampal regions also shows a heterochrony within these
      regions. Adult values of binding site densities are also reached at different
      ages in the various cortical regions. The highest receptor densities were
      observed in the dorsal subiculum, the lowest in the primary somatosensory cortex.

PMID- 4061868
TI  - The ultrastructure of sensory nerve endings in the human knee joint capsule.
AB  - The ultrastructure of sensory nerve endings in the human knee joint capsule was
      studied. Three types of nerve endings were found: free nerve endings (FNE),
      Ruffini corpuscles and Pacini corpuscles. In the joint capsule, FNE are located
      below the synovial layer and within the fibrous layer near blood vessels. These
      nerve terminals derive from myelinated A delta-fibres or from unmyelinated C
      fibres. Their structure is almost identical to FNE in human hairy and non-hairy
      skin. Ruffini corpuscles are present within the fibrous layer and the ligaments
      of the capsule in three variations: small Ruffini corpuscles without a capsule,
      small with a connective tissue capsule, and large Ruffini corpuscles with an
      incomplete perineural capsule. Their afferent axons are myelinated and measure 3
      5 micron in diameter. Inside the corpuscle, nerve terminals are anchored in the
      connective tissue belonging to the fibrous layer or to the ligaments
      respectively. The presence of an incomplete perineural capsule depends on the
      structure of the surrounding connective tissue. In ligaments with collagenous
      fibrils oriented in a parallel fashion, the perineural capsule is well-developed
      and the Ruffini corpuscle resembles a Golgi tendon organ; in areas where the
      fibrils show no predominant orientation, Ruffini corpuscles lack a capsule. Small
      Pacini corpuscles are situated within the fibrous layer near the capsular
      insertion at the meniscus articularis or at the periost. They consist of one or
      several inner cores and a perineural capsule of 1-2 layers. Larger Pacini
      corpuscles with one or several inner cores and a perineural capsule consisting of
      20-30 layers are found on the outer surface of the fibrous layer. The
      ultrastructure of these nerve endings is compared with the ultrastructure of
      articular receptors of various animals and with the ultrastructure of sensory
      nerve endings in the skin of several mammalian species including man.

PMID- 4061869
TI  - Electron microscopy of the initial stages of placentation in the pig.
AB  - To elucidate the morphology of the initial stages of epitheliochorial
      placentation in the pig, material from 10 sows of the Danish Landrace and from
      one Gottinger minipig gilt from day 13 to day 26 of gestation was processed for
      scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The observed foetomaternal
      interaction from day 19 1/2 minipig placenta corresponded well to the
      observations on the Danish Landrace placenta. From the results and the discussion
      it was concluded that the following structures were implicated in the initial
      phases of placentation in the pig: Protruding epithelial proliferations of the
      uterine epithelium enclosed by chorionic caps serving to immobilize the
      blastocyst (days 13 and 14). A thick glycocalyx on the maternal and a thin one on
      the foetal epithelium before contact. Close apposition between the apical plasma
      membranes from trophoblastic and uterine epithelium (day 14). Development of
      interdigitating microvilli (days 15-16). Formation of apical domes on the uterine
      epithelium closely related to the trophoblast provided with long cytoplasmic
      extensions into a luminal space between the apical domes, apparently representing
      a transition from histiotropic to haemotrophic nutrition (days 15-20).
      Placentation, development of interdigitating microvilli between foetal and
      maternal epithelium, was extended but not terminated in the peripheral zone at
      day 26.

PMID- 4061870
TI  - Differences in synaptic size in the superficial and deep layers of the molecular
      layer of the cerebellar cortex of the cat. An electronmicroscopic and
      autoradiographic study.
AB  - In a previous study observations in semithin sections of E-PTA-stained cerebellar
      cortex of the cat revealed differences in size of synaptic grids between the
      molecular and granular layer (Van der Want et al. 1984). In addition, synaptic
      size differences were observed between superficial and deep levels in the
      molecular layer. The present study was an attempt to analyze synapses in
      ultrathin sections of the cerebellar cortex with special emphasis on size
      differences of distinct types of synapses at different levels in the molecular
      layer. Climbing fibers were identified by means of anterograde transport of 3H
      leucine injected in the inferior olive and parallel fibers were identified on
      account of fine structural criteria. Synaptic profiles were measured semi
      automatically in the neuropil of the cerebellar cortex at the supra-Purkinje
      level and the subpial level. Measurements of the trace- and chordlength were
      obtained from random sections. The frequency distribution of the true diameters
      of the synapses was reconstructed with a discrete "unfolding"-procedure. The
      overall diameter at the superficial level was 390.2 +/- 1.5 nm, at the deep level
      406.6 +/- 1.5 nm. Climbing fibers exhibited mean values of 431.9 +/- 4.7 and
      461.3 +/- 4.1 nm at these levels and parallel fiber terminals mean values of
      370.7 +/- 2.9 and 395.8 +/- 3.0 nm. The frequency distributions showed remarkable
      and statistically significant differences compared with the overall distributions
      observed at the superficial and the deep levels respectively. The frequency
      distributions of synaptic diameters at the superficial and deep levels also
      differ significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4061871
TI  - The development of the dendritic organization of primary and secondary
      motoneurons in the spinal cord of Xenopus laevis. An HRP study.
AB  - During embryonic and larval development of the clawed toad, Xenopus laevis, two
      different populations of motoneurons appear in the spinal cord. In this study the
      development of primary motoneurons which innervate the axial musculature (used
      during embryonic locomotion) and of secondary motoneurons which innervate the
      extremity musculature (used for locomotion during metamorphosis and thereafter)
      was analyzed with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a neuronal marker. After
      application of HRP to the axial musculature (rostral five postotic myotomes) the
      first labeled primary motoneurons were found at stage 24/25. During development
      gradually more labeled neurons were observed. These primary motoneurons send
      their dendrites into the marginal zone (white matter). At first only dorsal and
      lateral dendrites develop (stages 25-33), followed by ventral dendrites (stage
      37/38). Up till stage 48 the developing dendrites extend throughout the marginal
      zone. Hereafter the marginal zone increases particularly at the dorsolateral
      edge, a development which is not followed by the dendrites of the primary
      motoneurons. The dendrites of mature primary motoneurons (stages 58-62) occupy
      the ventral and ventrolateral parts of the marginal zone. At stage 48, shortly
      after the hindlimb bud arises (stage 46, early metamorphosis), the first neurons
      related to this developing extremity could be labeled in the ventrolateral part
      of the lumbar spinal cord. At first these secondary motoneurons bear only a few
      dorsal dendrites of which only the tips reache out in the adjacent white matter.
      Already at stage 50 these dorsal dendrites have invaded the whole dorsolateral
      part of the marginal zone. Also the first ventral dendrites were observed at this
      stage. Later, at stage 53/54 also some ventral dendrites have reached the white
      matter together with a few lateral dendrites. At these early metamorphic stages
      already some primary afferent fibers were found making contact with the
      dorsomedial dendrites. At stage 58 for the first time recurrent axon collaterals
      were found, which extend into the ventromedial part of the marginal zone. The
      development of motoneurons in the spinal cord seems to be characterized by two
      phases: (1) establishment of contacts between motoneurons and target muscles, and
      (2) subsequent formation of connections of these motoneurons with other nerve
      cells within the central nervous system. The dendrites of primary motoneurons
      follow the development of the marginal zone, while dendrites of secondary
      motoneurons develop into an already well developed marginal zone.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4061872
TI  - An ultrastructural topographical study on myofibrillogenesis in the heart of the
      chick embryo during pulsation onset period.
AB  - Ultrathin sections of the chick embryonic heart at the 8-, 9- and 10-somite stage
      were cut serially at an interval of 20 micron and mounted for transmission
      electron microscopic examination on a copper grid with a sufficiently large hole
      to survey the entire section area. The grid was supported by a formvar film.
      Thick filaments were first found to assemble into well-defined bundles in several
      cells composing the caudal region of the newly formed heart just before onset of
      the pulsation at the 8-somite stage. Then, at the 9-somite stage when pulsation
      commences, the cells possessing nascent myofibril(s) increase in number, slightly
      more in the right side of ventricular region. At the 10-somite stage, the
      rhythmical contraction is established and striated myofibrils become distinctly
      discernible. Right side dominance is more conspicuous at this stage than
      previously. Then, myofibrillogenesis gradually progresses toward the cranial or
      bulbar region.

PMID- 4061873
TI  - Light and ultrastructure of intra-ovarian oocyte release in infantile rats.
AB  - Follicular ruptures with intra-ovarian oocyte release (IOR) were studied in 17,
      21 and 24-day-old rats by morphological methods. Using a light microscope, it was
      seen that IOR occurred at all times and the IOR frequency did not change. IOR
      developed in preantral follicles. Their oocytes were mostly found within the
      follicular compartment (incomplete IOR). Using an electron microscope, a
      circumscribed dissolution of the basal lamina was observed. IOR granulosa cells
      appeared activated. They rarely underwent typical necrosis after herniation into
      the extrafollicular area. Herniated granulosa cells tended either to stay intact
      or to shed cytoplasmic components into the extracellular space, whilst nuclei of
      active cell function were maintained. Tissue adjacent to an IOR seemed inactive
      with the exception of endothelial cells. Some endothelial cells underwent
      necrosis. Additionally, the endothelium was discontinuous. The morphological data
      support the hypothesis that the mechanism of follicular rupture represents an
      inside to outside process.

PMID- 4061874
TI  - Proliferation of glial precursors during the early development of the chick optic
      nerve.
AB  - The mitotic patterns and cytoarchitecture of the optic stalk were studied in the
      chick embryo during the period of formation of the optic cup until the
      elimination of the stalk lumen. Cell proliferation in the superficial regions of
      the stalk ventral wall is described. Superficial cell proliferation, whose
      beginning coincides with penetration of the earliest optic fibers, gives rise to
      an early glioblast plate located internally with respect to the marginal lamina
      of ganglion cell axon fascicles. The early glioblasts are transformed into
      marginal glioblasts, which undergo radial mitosis. Radially oriented division
      seems to favour glioblast penetration towards more internal zones of the stalk.
      Thus the marginal glioblasts are transformed into inner glioblasts, which
      continue to proliferate. Cell death in the ventral wall of the optic stalk is in
      close topographical relation with extracellular spaces which loosen up the
      consistency of the stalk tissue, favouring invasion of the ventral stalk by optic
      fibers and the addition of new glioblasts by proliferation of preexisting cells.

PMID- 4061875
TI  - Divergent axon collaterals to cerebellum and amygdala from neurons in the
      parabrachial nucleus, the nucleus locus coeruleus and some adjacent nuclei. A
      fluorescent double labelling study using rhodamine labelled latex microspheres
      and fast blue as retrograde tracers.
AB  - After injections in the cat of Rhodamine labelled latex microspheres in the
      amygdala and of Fast Blue in the cerebellum neurons labelled with one of these
      tracers as well as some double labelled neurons were found in the parabrachial
      nucleus, the nucleus locus coeruleus and some adjacent nuclei (the nucleus
      subcoeruleus and the pontine tegmental reticular formation). All double labelled
      cells were located on the ipsilateral side. A few double labelled neurons were
      also found bilaterally in the dorsal raphe nucleus. It therefore appears that a
      certain number of cerebellar projecting neurons in these brain stem nuclei by
      means of divergent axon collaterals also project to the amygdala. The location of
      the double labelled cells found in this study suggests that at least some of the
      neurons are catecholaminergic. The findings are related to previous reports on
      the distribution of catecholaminergic neurons and on the amygdaloid and
      cerebellar projections from this part of the brain stem, and the possible
      involvement of these connections in cerebellar non-somatic responses are
      discussed. Some comments are made concerning the use of fluorescent latex
      microspheres for double labelling studies in combination with another fluorescent
      tracer.

PMID- 4061877
TI  - Effects of L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid on matrix secretion and Golgi structure
      in fibroblasts and osteoblasts of the mouse.
AB  - The effect of a proline analogue, L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (LACA), on
      collagenous matrix secretion by periodontal ligament fibroblasts and alveolar
      bone osteoblasts was studied by light and electron microscopic radioautography
      after injection of 3H-glycine; 3H-glycine labeled material accumulated in the
      cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and was not secreted for over 4
      hours. The Golgi complex of both fibroblasts and osteoblasts showed a marked
      alteration of its composition after LACA administration. All Golgi saccules and
      collagen secretion granules disappeared within 2 hours. Flattened Golgi cisternae
      were still present and appeared to be unaffected by the administration of LACA.
      These observations indicate that Golgi saccules in collagen-secreting cells are
      the initial staging areas for the formation of collagen secretory granules and
      that there is a close correlation between form and function in the Golgi
      apparatus of collagen-secreting cells.

PMID- 4061876
TI  - Dose-dependent movement of cationic molecules across the glomerular wall.
AB  - Different concentrations of the polycation polyethyleneimine (PEI) were
      administered by single intravenous injections or by constant vascular perfusion
      to the kidneys of Sprague-Dawley rats. At a fixed time interval after
      administration of PEI, the kidneys were fixed and the distribution of PEI in the
      glomerular wall was evaluated by electron microscopy. At the lower concentrations
      (e.g., 0.005%), PEI bound only to the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx and
      preferentially to microvillous projections on this endothelium. At higher
      concentrations (e.g., 0.05%), PEI also bound to discrete anionic sites in the
      lamina rara interna (LRI) but was rarely seen in the lamina rara externa (LRE).
      As the concentration of PEI was further increased (e.g., 0.5%), PEI moved deeper
      into the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and bound extensively to discrete
      anionic sites in the lamina rara externa. Although anionic sites in the LRI and
      LRE appeared nearly saturated following infusion of 0.5% PEI, this cationic
      molecule was rarely seen to cross filtration slits and pass into the urinary
      space. At still higher concentrations (e.g., 2%), however, PEI moved freely
      across the filtration slits, bound extensively to the glomerular epithelial
      glycocalyx, and induced a narrowing of the filtration slits. When PEI was
      mechanically perfused through the kidney vasculature for 3 minutes, PEI binding
      to the epithelial glycocalyx caused very extensive adherence of adjacent podocyte
      processes and the narrowing and loss of filtration slits. Also in these latter
      samples, discrete anionic sites in the LRE were no longer apparent and a dense
      band of PEI was seen under the foot processes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4061878
TI  - Long-term consequences of cis-platinum-induced renal injury: a structural and
      functional study.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that a single dose of the antitumor drug, cis
      platinum, causes renal cyst formation in rats 1-6 months after drug injection.
      This observation led to a further evaluation of the long-term effects of cis
      platinum on the kidney of the rat. Fisher 344 rats (N = 13) were given either a
      single intraperitoneal injection of cis-platinum (6 mg/kg body weight) or saline
      (control) and 15 months later renal function and pathology were assessed. The
      glomerular filtration rate and urinary osmolality in the cis-platinum-treated
      rats at 15 months were significantly reduced compared to controls, 520 +/- 59
      microliter/min/gm kidney weight versus 799 +/- 100 (P less than .05) and 871 +/-
      194 mOsm/kg H2O versus 1471 +/- 162 (P less than .05), respectively. Renal injury
      was less marked and of a more chronic type than to that originally described 6
      months after cis-platinum. Morphometric evaluation of renal injury revealed cis
      platinum-treated rats had greater numbers of abnormal proximal tubules (atrophic
      or hyperplastic) when compared to control rats. Glomerular sclerosis and
      interstitial fibrosis were also more prevalent in the animals injected with cis
      platinum. In the inner stripe of the outer medulla, numerous markedly dilated
      tubules filled with hyaline casts and lined by simple squamous cells were
      present. To assess why cis-platinum exerts a chronic effect on the kidney, total
      platinum levels were measured in different regions of the kidney as a function of
      time after drug injection. Platinum levels were significantly elevated in the
      cortex, outer and inner stripe regions, and in the inner medulla for as long as 1
      month after cis-platinum treatment. By 2 months, however, the values were no
      greater than controls. In summary, cis-platinum exerts a significant long-term
      chronic effect on the structure and function of the rat kidney.

PMID- 4061879
TI  - Age does not affect numbers of taste buds and papillae in adult rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Taste buds and papillae in tongues of rhesus monkeys were examined and counted to
      determine if there are age-related differences in general morphology or numbers
      of receptor organs. Tongues from 15 monkeys in five groups aged 4-31 years were
      studied with light microscopy. Fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae
      were examined and taste buds in each papilla type were counted. Numbers of
      papillae did not differ with age through 31 years; however, at 24 years and
      older, fungiform papillae were reduced in number in some animals that had lost
      tongue tips due to trauma. There were no age-related differences in numbers of
      taste buds in any of the three gustatory papilla types, nor did taste bud
      diameter alter with age. From data on each papilla type, estimates were made of
      total numbers of lingual taste buds. Totals ranged from about 8,000 to 10,000 and
      there were no age-related differences. These results support other recent reports
      that taste buds are not decreased in number in old rats or humans. Since taste
      bud numbers and general morphology are maintained even in old age, any age
      related differences in taste behavior cannot be attributed to gross degenerative
      changes in lingual taste buds.

PMID- 4061880
TI  - Benzo(a)pyrene inhibits ovulation in C57BL/6N mice.
AB  - Successful female reproductive function requires follicle growth, ovulation, and
      formation of the corpus luteum. Treatment of C57BL/6N mice with a single
      intraperitoneal injection of benzo(a)pyrene in doses ranging from 1 to 500 mg/kg
      produced a dose- and time-dependent decrease in the number of corpora lutea. This
      effect on the number of corpora lutea is most pronounced at 1 week after
      treatment, with a threshold of about 1 mg/kg, and an ED50 of 1.6 mg/kg. By 2
      weeks after treatment partial recovery of follicle growth and ovulation occurred,
      as indicated by an increase in the ED50 to 20 mg/kg. Complete recovery of normal
      corpora lutea number occurs in mice treated with less than 100 mg/kg by 3 weeks
      after treatment, with little change in the ED50 noted between 3 and 4 weeks post
      treatment, 78 mg/kg at both times. Mice treated with 100 or 500 mg/kg did not
      recover normal corpora lutea number over the course of this experiment. These
      data indicate that acute exposure to benzo(a)pyrene, and perhaps other polycyclic
      aromatic hydrocarbons, may have a transient adverse effect on follicle growth,
      ovulation, or formation of corpora lutea. A consequence of this effect, transient
      infertility, has been observed previously when exploring the effect of polycyclic
      aromatic hydrocarbons on murine reproduction.

PMID- 4061881
TI  - Changes in the nuclear uptake and retention of 3H-estrogen in gonadotrophs and
      lactotrophs as a function of age.
AB  - A quantitative autoradiographic immunocytochemical study was performed in which
      the nuclear uptake and retention of 3H-estradiol (3H-E2) by luteinizing hormone
      (LH) and prolactin (PRL) cells was examined in 19-21-year-old baboons. 3H-E2
      concentrating cells were found in all of the three lobes of the pituitary in
      varying percentages (38.7%, pars distalis; 17.1%, pars intermedia; 6.3%, pars
      nervosa). Approximately 80% of PRL cells and nearly 100% of LH cells were
      labeled. A count of the number of silver grains over nuclei revealed a marked
      variation of the accumulation of 3H-E2 by LH cells and to a lesser extent in PRL
      cells. These results suggest functional heterogeneity among LH and PRL cells. The
      present results are discussed in relation to the physiological state of old
      animals.

PMID- 4061883
TI  - The superficial sylvian vein in humans: with special reference to its
      termination.
AB  - A study of the termination of the superficial middle cerebral vein in 140 human
      specimens revealed that in 80 cranial cavities (51.1%) the vein drained into both
      the sphenoparietal sinuses, in nine cranial cavities (6.4%) into the
      sphenoparietal and cavernous sinuses, and in 19 cranial cavities (13.6%) into the
      sphenoparietal sinuses and middle meningeal veins. In 20 cranial cavities (14.3%)
      the vein drained into the cavernous sinuses alone and in eight cranial cavities
      (5.7%) it drained into the cavernous sinuses and middle meningeal veins. In one
      cranial cavity (0.71%) it drained into the vein in the foramen lacerum and the
      sphenoparietal sinus, in one cranial cavity (0.71%) into the sphenoparietal sinus
      and the superior petrosal sinus, in one cranial cavity (0.71%) into the middle
      meningeal veins on either side, and in another cranial cavity (0.71%) into the
      superior sagittal sinus, a finding which has not been reported in the past. The
      presence of an uncal vein draining the medial surface of the temporal lobe was
      observed occasionally (5.7%) in this study. A part of the superficial middle
      cerebral vein and sphenoparietal sinus in the form of a vein running a short
      course between the two layers of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus is an
      observation previously not reported. This should be of value to neurosurgeons in
      the approach to the internal carotid artery through Parkinson's triangle.

PMID- 4061882
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of the subarachnoid space in the dog: inflammatory
      response after injection of defibrinated chicken erythrocytes.
AB  - The leptomeningeal reaction and the cerebrospinal fluid reaction of the canine
      inflammatory response were investigated concurrently. One-half milliliter
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was withdrawn from the cisterna magna of 17
      anesthetized mongrel dogs and analyzed. Using this same spinal tap, control and
      experimental animals were injected with 0.5 ml sterile saline and 0.5 ml
      defibrinated chicken erythrocytes, respectively. A second spinal tap was
      performed 2 to 168 hr later. The CSF from the first spinal tap contained less
      than 1 WBC/mm3. The cell population was unchanged in the second spinal tap of
      control animals. In experimental animals, the WBC population increased more than
      100-fold by 24 hr. Polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) appeared in the CSF first,
      followed by lymphocytes and monocytes. Injected erythrocytes seemed trapped in
      the subarachnoid space (SAS), especially in the inner sheet of the arachnoid
      mater. The leptomeninges had a substantial increase in free cells without
      fibrosis. Pial and leptomeningeal cells of the arachnoid trabeculae appeared
      swollen. Two hours after injection, chicken erythrocytes were phagocytosed by
      pial cells, macrophages, and free cells adherent to the leptomeninges. The
      epiplexus cell populations for saline-control and erythrocyte-experimental
      animals were similar, suggesting that the choroid plexuses were not a gateway for
      PMN, lymphocyte, or monocyte infusion into the SAS.

PMID- 4061884
TI  - A modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of
      antisperm antibodies.
AB  - To find optimal test conditions of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA) for the detection of antisperm antibodies (ASA), several variations
      (solid phases, antigen load, incubations etc.) have been performed. In contrast
      to the so far used polystyrene microtiter plates, which have to be coated with
      spermatozoa by the help of glutaraldehyde, we applied positively charged PVC
      microtiter plates being able to adsorb unfixed spermatozoa and thus avoiding
      alteration of spermatozoal antigens by glutaraldehyde. The ELISA proved to be
      more sensitive than conventional methods, e.g. the GAT, the SIT and the TAT, and
      also more effective since the technique allows screening of more than one hundred
      test samples for ASA within one day. First results are presented evaluating sera
      and seminal plasma of andrological and dermatological patients and ten known
      fertile men for ASA by the described ELISA technique.

PMID- 4061885
TI  - Contractile behaviour of rat seminal vesicle after gonadectomy, testosterone
      replacement and cyproterone treatment.
AB  - The effects of bilateral gonadectomy, testosterone replacement and cyproterone
      acetate treatment on seminal vesicle contractions were studied in rats in order
      to contribute new data on the role of androgens in the spontaneous motility of
      the seminal vesicle. In gonadectomized-testosterone treated rats the glands
      exhibited a spontaneous rhythmic activity similar to that of entire animals. The
      seminal vesicles of gonadectomized as well as of cyproterone treated rats also
      contracted spontaneously but the contractions showed a smaller amplitude. Such
      decrease could be related with the well-known atrophy and reduction in the number
      of smooth muscle cells occurring in seminal vesicles after castration. The
      results reported in this paper suggest that androgens are not required for the
      normal spontaneous activity of seminal vesicles.

PMID- 4061886
TI  - Growth, testicular development and sperm output in the dog from birth to post
      pubertal period.
AB  - This study was performed in Fox terrier dogs. Their mean body weight at birth is
      315 g; it reaches 12 kg at 1 year of age. The body growth pattern has a sigmoid
      appearance with a rapid growth phase between 9 weeks and 24 weeks of age. With
      frequent radiographic examinations, 39 ossification centers were individualized
      on the long bones; they had all appeared by 25 weeks of age. The fusion of these
      centers is achieved between 36 and 44 weeks of age. This determination of the
      bone age has not proved to be a good factor to date the morphologic events of
      puberty. The testicular width measure is a reliable criteria which is well
      correlated to the other morphologic and spermatic criteria (volume of ejaculate,
      spermatozoa concentration). The testicular growth is rapid (width: 0,6 mm/week)
      between 22 and 36 weeks of age. The first spermatozoa are observed at the end of
      this period (32 to 34 weeks of age). During the post pubertal period, from 34
      weeks to 45 weeks of age, volume of ejaculate, motility, spermatozoa
      concentration increase and percentage of dead spermatozoa and abnormal forms
      decrease.

PMID- 4061887
TI  - Stimulation of protein synthesis in pachytene primary spermatocytes from the
      human testis by pyruvate.
AB  - A sequential enzymatic incubation in collagenase and trypsin was carried out to
      yield a suspension of viable single cells from the seminiferous epithelium of
      adult human testis. The cell suspension predominantly consisted of pachytene
      primary spermatocytes (15%), round spermatids (32%), and condensing spermatids
      and residual bodies (21%). Human pachytene spermatocytes were isolated by unit
      gravity sedimentation using the methods originally developed for murine tissue.
      The spermatocyte-enriched fraction was 79% pure. When the effect of energy
      sources on protein synthesis by spermatocytes was examined, the highest rate of
      protein synthesis with pyruvate was found among four kinds of substrates added at
      a concentration of 10 mM. As shown with murine spermatocytes, the rate of protein
      synthesis by the human spermatocytes is probably regulated by pyruvate.

PMID- 4061888
TI  - [The relation between sperm motility and the content of unsaturated fatty acids
      as well as the osmotic behavior of human spermatozoa].
AB  - The relations between sperm motility and the content of lipids and fatty acids in
      sperm cells were investigated. In addition the osmotic volume changes of sperm
      cells were studied, by determination of progressive sperm motility, measurement
      of relative concentration of lipid-peroxy radicals in seminal plasma using
      chemoluminescence technique, gas-chromatographic determination of fatty acid
      pattern in sperm cells and in seminal plasma and by electronic measurement of the
      sperm cell volume. The impulse installment of chemoluminescence increased during
      the time of storage of the ejaculate. In contrast, this phenomenon was not
      observed in pure seminal plasma prepared by centrifugation immediately after
      liquefaction. The pattern of phospholipids and free fatty acids changed during
      storage of the ejaculate both in sperm cells and in seminal plasma. Sperm cells
      showed a significant increase of volume under hypotonic stress. The increase of
      volume is more distinct in spermatozoa with high progressive motility as in
      spermatozoa with low progressive motility. The determination of initial and late
      progressive motility enables the differentiation of two groups of sperm
      populations: one group with a medium initial motility and a normal decrease of
      motility during the following time and another group with excellent initial
      motility and an extreme decrease of motility following. The second group is
      characterized by an especially distinct increase of volume under hypotonic
      conditions.

PMID- 4061889
TI  - Ion-exchange chromatography of amino acids in ejaculates of diabetics.
AB  - 30 amino acids and their derivatives could be found in the ejaculates of humans
      by ion-exchange chromatography. There were significant differences between
      diabetics and controls in the levels of threonine, serine, glutamine, glycine,
      iso-leucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine and in 3-methyl
      histidine. There was a positive correlation between levels of certain amino acids
      and the number of pathologically motile spermatozoa, particularly microforms and
      head alterations. An impaired Krebs cycle function may explain an elevation of
      amino acid levels as they are utilized mainly by this cycle, which function
      depends on intact substrate flow from glucose catabolism.

PMID- 4061890
TI  - Treatment of oligozoospermia with tamoxifen (open and controlled studies).
AB  - Open and double-blind therapeutic studies were carried out on the effects of
      tamoxifen in oligozoospermia. The examinations involved 74 patients. The first
      group (n = 20) received tamoxifen 20 mg/day; the second group (n = 54) got
      tamoxifen or placebo for 3 months. In the open study, tamoxifen treatment led to
      significant increases in the spermatozoa concentration and the total sperm count,
      but this could not be confirmed with the double-blind set-up.

PMID- 4061891
TI  - Morphological selection of human spermatozoa in cervical mucus "in vivo".
AB  - Spermatozoa morphology at two levels in the cervical canal was compared, at the
      external and internal uterine orifices, in samples taken "in vivo" during 21
      postcoital tests (P.C.T.s). P.C.T.s with cervical mucus, with Moghissi scores
      lower than 10 and exo- and endocervical pH less than 7 were excluded. At the
      upper level of the cervical canal, 12 of the 21 P.C.T. showed more than 5% more
      normal spermatozoa than at the lower level of the canal (in 5 of these P.C.T. the
      increase was greater than 10%). Selection for normal heads was seen in 2 and for
      normal tails in 4. The P.C.T. that selected for normal tails all had greater than
      10% abnormal tails at the external orifice. These results confirm that there is
      some selection of spermatozoa during passage through the cervical canal. Above
      all, the selection appears to exclude those spermatozoa with defective locomotive
      mechanisms (abnormal tails), which indicates that the mucus acts as a "passive
      filter" with selection depending on the spermatozoa themselves in relation to
      motility.

PMID- 4061893
TI  - Blunting of stress responses in the pulmonary circulation of infants by fentanyl.
AB  - After repair of congenital heart defects, stress responses in the pulmonary
      circulation of fourteen infants produced by a brief endotracheal suctioning
      procedure were studied before and after fentanyl (25 micrograms/kg). The total
      time of disconnection from the ventilator with suctioning (FIO2 1.0) was limited
      to no more than 15 sec to avoid alveolar hypoxia. Before fentanyl, marked
      increases occurred in mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular
      resistance index with suctioning, whereas only mild increases in heart rate and
      mean systemic arterial pressure occurred. All of these increases with suctioning
      were almost completely abolished by 25 micrograms/kg fentanyl. We conclude that
      suctioning or other broncho-carinal stimulation can produce a marked pulmonary
      vasoconstrictive response in infants, which is blunted by fentanyl. This response
      is separate from that produced by hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction associated
      with prolonged clinical suctioning procedures or with loss of airway.

PMID- 4061892
TI  - [Testicular biopsy combined with refertilization? Unfortunately, a frequently
      practiced error of management].
AB  - Case history concerning the combined diagnostically and therapeutically performed
      management in azoospermia. It is to pointed out that the diagnosis must be the
      first step; the treatment--especially in case of azoospermia with an expected
      epididymovasostomy--depends from the results of the diagnosis. Very often this
      management will not be noticed.

PMID- 4061894
TI  - Anesthesia, amnesia, and the memory/awareness distinction.
AB  - Several studies have shown that surgical patients cannot consciously recall or
      recognize events to which they had been exposed during general anesthesia. Might
      evidence of memory for intraoperative events be revealed through the performance
      of a postoperative test that does not require remembering to be deliberate or
      intentional? Results of the present study, involving the recognition and spelling
      of semantically biased homophones, suggest a negative answer to this question and
      imply that intraoperative events cannot be remembered postoperatively, either
      with or without awareness.

PMID- 4061895
TI  - Halothane effects on subendocardial oxygen supply-demand balance: estimation from
      intramyocardial tissue pressure and left ventricular pressure.
AB  - We evaluated the effect of halothane on the balance of subendocardial oxygen
      supply and demand in six dogs by estimating the endocardial viability ratio (EVR)
      based on the pressure generated within the subendocardium (ENDO-IMP).
      Concurrently, the conventional EVR based on left ventricular pressure (LVP) was
      estimated and compared with the EVR based on ENDO-IMP. The subendocardial oxygen
      supply-demand ratio based on ENDO-IMP (IMP-EVR) was significantly less than EVR
      based on LVP (LVP-EVR) (0.87 +/- 0.03 vs 1.07 +/- 0.06, P less than 0.05) during
      the control period. With 0.5% halothane administration, IMP-EVR improved
      significantly (1.04 +/- 0.07, P less than 0.05) while LVP-EVR remained unchanged
      (1.08 +/- 0.09). No further changes in EVR (either IMP-EVR or LVP-EVR) were
      observed with increasing halothane concentrations up to 2%. The relationship
      between the two indices was weak (r2 = 0.44, P less than 0.001) but statistically
      significant. Because an estimate of EVR based on direct measurement of
      subendocardial tissue pressure (IMP-EVR) would reflect more accurately the oxygen
      supply-demand balance of this region than the LVP-EVR, our results suggest that
      the oxygen balance of the subendocardium improves with halothane administration.
      The use of LVP-EVR as a hemodynamic index of subendocardial oxygen balance during
      halothane anesthesia, therefore, is questionable.

PMID- 4061896
TI  - Thiopental requirements may be increased in children reanesthetized at least one
      year after recovery from extensive thermal injury.
AB  - Clinical observations suggested that children long recovered from burn injury
      required larger doses of thiopental for a smooth anesthetic induction. A
      prospective randomized study examined children 6-16 yr old, with greater than 15%
      burn, and more than 1 year after injury, for loss of lid reflex (LR), corneal
      reflex (CR), and acceptance of the anesthesia mask (AM) 60 sec after
      administration of thiopental. Children were unpremedicated, received the
      thiopental (2.5%) through a rapidly running peripheral intravenous line, and
      received either 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 mg/kg. LR, CR, and AM were examined at 30,
      60, and 90 sec. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded for those patients
      receiving 7 or 8 mg/kg thiopental. The mean age was 12.0 +/- 0.5 yr, weight 43.9
      +/- 2.9 kg, % burn 44.7 +/- 2.9, time since burn 68.4 +/- 7.7 months, and time
      since previous thiopental 25.1 +/- 6.6 months. The estimated ED50 (95% confidence
      limits) for loss of LR was 4.78 (3.95-5.78) mg/kg; for loss of CR was 7.04 (4.87
      10.10) mg/kg; and for AM was 6.74 (4.68-9.71) mg/kg. These doses of thiopental
      were significantly greater for LR and AM (P less than 0.001) but not CR (P =
      0.15) compared to non-thermally injured children. There were no clinically
      important or statistically significant decreases in blood pressure while heart
      rate did increase 11 beats/min (P less than 0.05) in children who received 7 or 8
      mg/kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4061897
TI  - Epidural ketamine for control of postoperative pain.
AB  - The study was undertaken to evaluate the postoperative pain control ability of
      ketamine injected into the epidural space. We conclude that it produces potent
      postoperative analgesia without major respiratory depression or other side
      effects.

PMID- 4061898
TI  - Transient inhibitory effect of isoflurane upon oxidative halothane metabolism.
AB  - The duration of inhibition of halothane oxidative metabolism by isoflurane was
      studied in rats exposed for 2 hr to an anesthetic concentration of isoflurane
      (0.6% inspired), followed by a 2-hr exposure to a subanesthetic concentration of
      halothane (0.06% inspired), starting either 0.5, 4, or 24 hr after the end of the
      isoflurane exposure. Other rats were exposed to halothane, isoflurane, or a
      mixture of both. Tissue levels of total nonvolatile fluorine were used as a
      measure of oxidative metabolism of halothane and hepatic levels of 1,1,1
      trifluoro-2-chloroethane and 1,1-difluoro-2-chloroethylene as a measure of
      reductive metabolism of halothane. Isoflurane administered simultaneously with or
      30 min prior to halothane significantly inhibited oxidative metabolism of
      halothane, but this inhibition was transient and was no longer apparent when
      halothane was administered 4 or 24 hr after the end of isoflurane anesthesia. The
      reductive metabolism of halothane was unaffected. This study suggests that
      isoflurane may transiently modify the action of some drugs administered during
      the perianesthesia period by inhibiting their oxidative metabolism. Differences
      in elimination kinetics of nonvolatile fluorine-containing metabolites after
      isoflurane and halothane exposure suggest the presence of an unidentified
      isoflurane metabolite.

PMID- 4061899
TI  - Disuse and d-tubocurarine sensitivity in isolated muscles.
AB  - The effect of immobilization on subsequent sensitivity of limb muscles to d
      tubocurarine was examined in a guinea pig model. A foreleg was immobilized in a
      cast for 1-4 weeks. At the end of this period, isolated nerve-lumbrical muscle
      preparations were set up and sensitivity to d-tubocurarine assayed.
      Immobilization increased the ED50 of the drug not only in muscles from the limb
      in the cast but also those from contralateral forelimbs and from hindlimbs. The
      increase in ED50 was not accompanied by atrophy. In a parallel series of
      experiments measuring the effect of d-tubocurarine on depolarization by
      carbachol, the apparent d-tubocurarine-receptor dissociation constant was
      determined. Immobilization produced no change in this parameter. Because
      immobilization of one extremity produced sensitivity changes in others, the
      anesthesiologist must be careful not to assume that monitoring from any limb will
      yield normal values in a patient with partial immobility.

PMID- 4061900
TI  - Effects of volatile anesthetics or fentanyl on hepatic function in cirrhotic
      rats.
AB  - Halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and fentanyl were examined for their potential
      to exacerbate liver dysfunction in rats with preexisting cirrhosis. Male Wistar
      rats given sodium phenobarbital for 2 weeks are assigned randomly to two groups.
      One group (cirrhotic) was exposed by inhalation to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in
      air at weekly intervals for 12 weeks to induce cirrhosis. The other group
      (noncirrhotic) was handled similarly but received air only. Five weeks after the
      last exposure to CCl4, cirrhotic and noncirrhotic rats were given three hours of
      1 MAC halothane, enflurane, or isoflurane in 50% oxygen, or 350 micrograms
      fentanyl per kg of body weight and 50% oxygen, or 50% oxygen only. Blood gas
      tensions and blood glucose levels were measured before, during, and at the end of
      exposure. Forty-eight hours after exposure, serum chemistries were measured in
      each rat for comparison with preexposure values. Rats were then killed by CO2
      overdose, and liver, kidney, and testis were prepared for microscopic
      examination. Enflurane, isoflurane, and halothane, but not fentanyl, produced
      mild respiratory acidosis and no change in serum glucose levels. All anesthetics
      resulted in a mild but similar degree of acute liver dysfunction as indicated by
      small increases in SGOT or SGPT in both cirrhotic and noncirrhotic rats. Liver
      histology revealed mild to moderate portal cirrhosis with fibrosis and well
      developed micronodules in rats exposed to CCl4, but no superimposed acute
      hepatocellular damage was noted. It is concluded that all the anesthetics used in
      this study were associated with the same minimal degree of postanesthetic hepatic
      dysfunction and that the dysfunction was similar in both cirrhotic and
      noncirrhotic rats.

PMID- 4061901
TI  - Intravenous lidocaine as a suppressant of coughing during tracheal intubation.
AB  - Effects of intravenously administered lidocaine on cough suppression during
      tracheal intubation under general anesthesia were evaluated in two studies. In
      study 1, 100 patients received either a placebo or 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 mg/kg
      lidocaine intravenously 1 min before tracheal intubation. All visible coughs were
      classified as coughing. The incidence of coughing decreased as the dose of
      lidocaine increased. A dose of 1 mg/kg or more of intravenous lidocaine
      suppressed the cough reflex significantly (P less than 0.01). Coughing was
      suppressed completely by 2 mg/kg of intravenous lidocaine. In study 2, 108
      patients received 2 mg/kg lidocaine intravenously or a placebo 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, or
      15 min before intubation. The same criteria for determining whether a patient did
      or did not cough during tracheal intubation were used as in study 1. The
      incidence of coughing decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) when 2 mg/kg of
      lidocaine was injected intravenously between 1 and 5 min before our attempting
      intubation. Cough reflex was suppressed completely by plasma concentrations of
      lidocaine in excess of 3 micrograms/ml.

PMID- 4061902
TI  - Does intravenous lidocaine prevent laryngospasm after extubation in children?
AB  - One hundred otherwise healthy children undergoing tonsillectomy were investigated
      in a double-blind study to examine the effect of intravenous lidocaine in
      preventing laryngospasm upon extubation. The children were anesthetized with N2O
      O2-halothane and orally intubated. They were randomly given lidocaine, 1.5 mg/kg,
      or saline intravenously prior to extubation, which took place at the same depth
      of anesthesia, namely when there were signs of swallowing activity. Eleven
      children (2%) in each group of 50 developed laryngospasm. From our findings it is
      concluded that lidocaine, 1.5 mg/kg, does not prevent laryngospasm upon
      extubation when extubation is carried out at the start of swallowing activity.

PMID- 4061903
TI  - Verapamil does not alter succinylcholine-induced increases in serum potassium
      during halothane anesthesia in normal dogs.
AB  - Six dogs were studied to determine whether verapamil pretreatment exacerbates the
      increase in serum potassium levels associated with succinylcholine. Dogs were
      anesthetized with halothane, 1.26 +/- 0% (mean +/- SEM; end tidal). Arterial
      blood-gas tensions, blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, and serum potassium
      levels were measured. Each dog underwent control and experimental studies
      separated by seven days. In the experimental study, a 0.15 mg/kg bolus of
      verapamil was followed by a 4.0 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 continuous infusion of
      verapamil. Normal saline was used in the control study. Succinylcholine, 1 mg/kg
      bolus, was given 10 min after the initial saline or verapamil bolus. Vital signs
      again were measured 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 min after succinylcholine, and plasma
      verapamil levels were measured 8 and 15 min after verapamil administration. Serum
      potassium concentrations increased from 3.9 +/- 0.2 to 5.0 +/- 0.2 mEq/L in
      control studies and from 3.7 +/- 0.2 to 4.8 +/- 0.3 mEq/L in animals pretreated
      with verapamil. Verapamil pretreatment does not alter the increase in serum
      potassium induced by succinylcholine in normal dogs.

PMID- 4061904
TI  - Potential hazards of transcatheter serial epidural phenol neurolysis.

PMID- 4061905
TI  - Bedside diagnosis of bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis in a ventilator-dependent
      patient after open-heart surgery.

PMID- 4061906
TI  - The effect of intravenous lidocaine on the increase in intraocular pressure
      induced by tracheal intubation.

PMID- 4061907
TI  - Arrhythmias during venous cannulation prior to pulmonary artery catheter
      insertion.

PMID- 4061908
TI  - Peripheral nerve stimulation through a local anesthetic path: a modified Koons
      technique.

PMID- 4061909
TI  - The effect of chloroprocaine on neonatal neurobehavior.

PMID- 4061910
TI  - Humidifiers are unjustified in adult anesthesia.

PMID- 4061911
TI  - Seizures from isoflurane?

PMID- 4061912
TI  - Seizures with etomidate anesthesia.

PMID- 4061914
TI  - Anesthesiology--the road not yet taken.

PMID- 4061913
TI  - Possible potentiation by hydroxyzine of metoclopramide's undesirable side
      effects.

PMID- 4061915
TI  - The fascination of the hypoxic lung.

PMID- 4061917
TI  - Peridural anesthesia and the distribution of blood in supine humans.
AB  - To determine the effects of vasomotor tone on intrathoracic and splanchnic blood
      volume, the distribution of radioactively (99mTc) labeled erythrocytes was
      recorded by whole body scintigraphy before and during peridural anesthesia (PDA)
      in eight supine men. The radioactivity was recorded with a gamma camera and its
      distribution determined in the thorax, abdomen, and limbs. Arterial and central
      venous pressure, heart rate, and calf volume and flow also were measured. During
      PDA with a sensory block up to T4/5, radioactivity increased only in the
      denervated legs (+ 9.9 +/- 2.3% SE), whereas it decreased in all other regions,
      i.e., in the thorax (-8.1 +/- 1.2%), the innervated upper limbs (-10.6 +/- 4.0%),
      and in the splanchnic vasculature (-5 +/- 1.7%). However, in two of the subjects,
      after an initial decrease, splanchnic blood content increased while intrathoracic
      blood volume decreased further. The effects of PDA on thoracic and splanchnic
      filling could be duplicated by the sequestration of about 500-600 ml of blood in
      both legs. In supine humans high peridural anesthesia evokes the same decrease in
      intrathoracic blood volume as orthostasis. This seems to be counteracted by a
      reflex decrease in filling of the denervated muscle and skin areas and also by a
      constriction of the splanchnic vasculature by an unknown mechanism. Potential
      circulatory collapse may ensue when the vasoconstrictor response fails in the
      splanchnic circulation.

PMID- 4061916
TI  - Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is not potentiated by repeated intermittent
      hypoxia in closed chest dogs.
AB  - Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictor (HPV) responses were measured with repeated
      intermittent hypoxic challenges in eight non-traumatized closed chest dogs
      anesthetized with pentobarbital. The right lung was ventilated continuously with
      100% O2 while the left lung was either ventilated with 100% O2 (control) or
      ventilated with a gas mixture containing 3-4% O2 (hypoxia). Mean per cent left
      lung blood flow for all four normoxic periods was 43.1 +/- 1.5% (mean +/- SE) of
      the total blood flow by the SF6 excretion method and 40.8 +/- 1.1% by the
      differential CO2 excretion method, corrected for the Haldane effect. With hypoxic
      ventilation, flow diversion from the hypoxic lung was maximal with the first
      exposure and did not change subsequently with a total of four alternating
      exposures to normoxia and hypoxia. Flow diversion during hypoxia was
      approximately 50.5 +/- 2.4% by the SF6 method and 50.3 +/- 3.5% by the VCO2
      method. This result contrasts with the increasing flow diversion response with
      intermittant hypoxic exposure that has been reported in animals exposed first to
      thoracotomy and surgical dissection. It is concluded that in the absence of
      surgical trauma the initial response to hypoxia is maximal and is not potentiated
      by repeated hypoxic stimulation.

PMID- 4061918
TI  - Selective changes in local cerebral glucose utilization induced by phenobarbital
      in the rat.
AB  - Alterations in cerebral metabolic activity were measured after different doses of
      phenobarbital. Local cerebral glucose utilization was determined in 58 brain
      regions with the use of the [14C]deoxyglucose technique in 3-month-old Fischer
      344 rats, at 1 h after the ip administration of saline or of phenobarbital. Whole
      brain glucose utilization declined in a dose-related manner by 4%, 13%, 33%, 35%,
      and 56% after phenobarbital 18, 60, 180, 300, and 600 mg/kg, respectively. The
      number of regions significantly affected (P less than 0.05) increased from 7 to
      95% of the regions examined between doses of 18 to 600 mg/kg. Metabolism
      decreased in all significantly affected regions except the interpeduncular
      nucleus, where it was increased. In a separate group of rats, the number of falls
      per 5 min from a constantly rotating cylinder was measured at subanesthetic doses
      of phenobarbital. Doses of drug that affected performance on the rotating
      cylinder (18 and 60 mg/kg) reduced glucose utilization in brain regions involved
      with motor performance, including the red nucleus, vestibular nucleus, substantia
      nigra, and deep layers of the superior colliculus, whereas cerebral cortical
      regions were not altered significantly. The results demonstrate that
      phenobarbital reduces cerebral glucose utilization, in a dose-dependent manner,
      in most brain regions and affects subcortical regions of the motor system
      significantly before reducing metabolism in the cerebral cortex.

PMID- 4061919
TI  - Hemodynamic determinants of ischemic myocardial dysfunction in the presence of
      coronary stenosis in dogs.
AB  - The effects of arterial blood pressure and heart rate on myocardial contraction
      were studied in a canine model of coronary stenosis. Systolic thickening of a
      region of myocardium supplied by a cannulated coronary artery was used as a
      measure of oxygen shortage. A glass stenosis in an external perfusion circuit
      that provided blood to the cannulated vessel was used to limit coronary flow.
      Mean arterial pressure was controlled by a blood reservoir and phenylephrine
      infusion and stabilized at four levels: 60, 80, 100, and 120 mmHg. At each blood
      pressure level, heart rate was increased by ventricular pacing in steps from 50
      to 150 beats/min. Systolic thickening was measured at each of the resulting 20
      combinations of blood pressure and heart rate. Measurements were made before
      cannulation, to serve as an unstenosed control, and following cannulation in the
      presence of moderate and severe stenoses. In the presence of the severe stenosis,
      ischemic dysfunction occurred when mean arterial pressure was decreased to 60
      mmHg. At this pressure, dysfunction was most dramatic at rapid heart rates. In
      contrast, hypertension to a mean arterial pressure of 120 mmHg was well tolerated
      in these nonfailing hearts. Importantly, no single value of either blood pressure
      or heart rate was found to be associated with ischemia. The threshold for rate
      induced ischemia depended on the coexisting value of blood pressure and vice
      versa. Ischemia was absent if mean arterial pressure exceeded heart rate, that
      is, if the pressure-rate ratio exceeded one.

PMID- 4061920
TI  - Fertility, reproduction, and postnatal survival in mice chronically exposed to
      isoflurane.
AB  - The effects on fertility and reproductive wastage of 110 female Swiss/Webster
      mice and postnatal survival of their offspring were examined after exposure to
      either air, 0.4% isoflurane, or 0.1% isoflurane. Treatments were for 4 h daily
      for 2 weeks before and during pregnancy. In a second experiment, the effects on
      fertility of 54 male Swiss/Webster mice and on reproductive wastage of their
      unexposed mates were examined after 4-h daily exposures to either air, 0.4%
      isoflurane, or 0.1% isoflurane throughout spermatogenesis and during mating.
      There were no adverse reproductive effects in either experiment. The lack of
      toxicity of isoflurane is consistent with the results of other reproductive
      studies in animals that have examined chronic intermittent exposure to
      subanesthetic concentrations of halothane, enflurane, methoxyflurane, and nitrous
      oxide. They suggest that these and lower (trace) levels of anesthetic gases may
      not be the cause of the harmful reproductive effects said to occur in operating
      room personnel.

PMID- 4061921
TI  - Halothane anesthesia attenuates cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of peripheral
      resistance in humans.
AB  - The effects of halothane anesthesia on cardiopulmonary (low pressure) baroreflex
      control of peripheral resistance were studied in 10 ASA class I young men. Graded
      (-5, -7.5, -10, -12.5 mmHg) lower body negative pressure (LBNP) was used to
      produce progressive decreases in thoracic blood volume and central venous
      pressure. These stimuli activate reflexes from cardiopulmonary baroreceptors.
      Volunteers were studied while awake and during 1 MAC (0.75%) and 1.25 MAC (0.93%)
      halothane anesthesia. Hetastarch (6%) in 0.9% normal saline was infused into
      patients before baseline recordings were initiated. Blood pressure, stroke
      volume, cardiac output, and systemic and forearm vascular resistance decreased
      and forearm blood flow increased during halothane anesthesia. In awake subjects,
      LBNP did not alter heart rate or blood pressure, but stroke volume and cardiac
      output decreased. Blood pressure was maintained by cardiopulmonary baroreflex
      mediated increases in peripheral resistance. In anesthetized subjects, decreases
      in stroke volume and cardiac output during LBNP were similar to awake responses,
      however, hypotension occurred because reflex resistance increases were markedly
      attenuated. The authors conclude that halothane anesthesia blunts cardiopulmonary
      baroreflex resistance responses provoked by mild decreases in thoracic blood
      volume in humans.

PMID- 4061922
TI  - Epidural morphine strongly depresses nociceptive flexion reflexes in patients
      with postoperative pain.
AB  - The comparative effects of low doses (0.03-0.04 mg/kg) of epidural morphine on a
      nociceptive flexion reflex of the lower limb and on postoperative pain in
      volunteer patients were studied after orthopedic surgery on one knee. According
      to the stimulation parameters, it was found that 40-50 min after the injection,
      morphine produced an increase of 87% and 83% of the reflex threshold and of the
      threshold of maximal reflex response, respectively, as well as a 80-90%
      depression of the nociceptive responses when elicited by a constant level of
      stimulation. Onset of pain relief occurred by the 25th min and increased to a
      maximum stable level 40-50 min after the injection. These data support the
      hypothesis that the main site of the pain-relieving effect of epidural morphine
      is located directly at a spinal level.

PMID- 4061923
TI  - Differential effects of ketamine stereoisomers on maze performance in the mouse.
AB  - The authors studied effects of subanesthetic doses of the d- and l-ketamine
      stereoisomers on maze performance in mice to determine whether the stereoisomers
      differed in their ability to disrupt a stable cognitive behavior. Twenty-four
      Swiss-Webster (CFW) mice were trained to stability in a four-compartment modular
      maze, using water as a reward. Each compartment contained a central partition
      with a barrier at the distal end of one of the two passageways. A fixed barrier
      sequence was employed. Elapsed time to traverse all four compartments and total
      number of errors (the number of times a wrong compartment was entered) were
      measured. A cohort design was employed with the following four groups: saline
      control, d-ketamine, l-ketamine, racemate. Two subanesthetic doses, 7.5 and 15
      mg/kg of each form of the drug were given subcutaneously at five-day intervals.
      Both the d-isomer and the racemate significantly prolonged elapsed time at 15
      mg/kg, the d-isomer having the greatest effect. The l-isomer did not alter
      elapsed time at either dose but appeared to increase spontaneous locomotor
      activity after injection. Relative to errors, at the 7.5 mg/kg dose there were no
      changes from control with any form of ketamine. However, at the 15 mg/kg dose,
      total errors significantly increased both with the racemate and the d-isomer. The
      performance decrements observed with the racemate appear to be attributable
      largely to the d-component.

PMID- 4061924
TI  - Brain stem anesthesia following retrobulbar blockade.

PMID- 4061925
TI  - Nebulized anesthesia for awake endotracheal intubation.

PMID- 4061926
TI  - Tracheal rupture following the insertion of a disposable double-lumen
      endotracheal tube.

PMID- 4061927
TI  - Application and limitation of somatosensory evoked potential monitoring during
      thoracic aortic aneurysm surgery: a case report.

PMID- 4061928
TI  - A speaking endotracheal tube.

PMID- 4061929
TI  - Benign intracranial hypertension and anesthesia for cesarean section.

PMID- 4061930
TI  - Use of a pacing catheter to control heart rate in a patient with aortic
      insufficiency and coronary artery disease.

PMID- 4061932
TI  - Hazard from left external jugular vein catheterization revisited.

PMID- 4061931
TI  - Caudal anesthesia complicated by intraosseous injection in a patient with
      ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 4061933
TI  - Potential effects of an unknown gas on mass spectrometer readings.

PMID- 4061934
TI  - A portable C-Pram circuit.

PMID- 4061935
TI  - Hazards of mis-filled vaporizers: summary tables.

PMID- 4061936
TI  - Open eye injuries.

PMID- 4061937
TI  - Monitoring ventilation during computed tomography scan.

PMID- 4061938
TI  - Possible pitfalls in calculating thoracic and abdominal volumes.

PMID- 4061939
TI  - Unexpected wedge pressure (at less than 35 cm) may be artifactual.

PMID- 4061940
TI  - [Optimal temperature regimen for the myocardium during cardioplegia in open-heart
      surgery].

PMID- 4061941
TI  - [Dependence of the recovery of cardiac activity on changes in the metabolic
      indices of the myocardium during heart valve prosthesis operations].

PMID- 4061942
TI  - [Hemoconcentration in open-heart operations].

PMID- 4061943
TI  - [Hepatorenal syndrome as a component of multiple organ failure in patients with
      infectious-toxic shock].

PMID- 4061944
TI  - [Basis for using hyperbaric oxygenation in pathological states in obstetrics and
      gynecology].

PMID- 4061945
TI  - [Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and hemosorption in the combined therapy of
      shock lung].

PMID- 4061946
TI  - [Morphofunctional evaluation of the effect of trental on cerebral cortical
      perfusion in the postresuscitation period].

PMID- 4061947
TI  - [Enzyme activity and glucose, lactate and pyruvate levels of the lymph and blood
      in the early postresuscitation period].

PMID- 4061948
TI  - [Effect of high segmental peridural anesthesia on the central hemodynamics of
      patients with a mitral heart defect, predominantly stenosis].

PMID- 4061949
TI  - [Intestinal hemodynamics of patients during an operation under epidural
      anesthesia].

PMID- 4061950
TI  - [Impedometric determination of the circulating blood volume in late pregnancy
      toxicoses].

PMID- 4061951
TI  - [Effect of artificial pulmonary ventilation on the mucociliary apparatus and
      local immunity of the respiratory system during general anesthesia].

PMID- 4061952
TI  - [Correction of disorders of peripheral circulation with trental in children in
      the postoperative period].

PMID- 4061953
TI  - [Sciatic nerve block by the anterior approach].

PMID- 4061954
TI  - [Seduxen-ketamine induction anesthesia in cesarean section].

PMID- 4061955
TI  - [Fluid distribution in the body of victims after severe mechanical injury].

PMID- 4061956
TI  - [Potassium cardioplegia as a method of protecting the myocardium during the
      correction of acquired heart defects and long periods of excluding the heart from
      the circulation].

PMID- 4061957
TI  - [Helminth infestations in non-European travellers--results of stool examinations
      1973-1981 in the district of Leipzig (East Germany)].
AB  - Infestations with helminths of non-European travellers--results of stool
      examinations 1973-1981 in the region of Leipzig (GDR). In the years 1973-1981
      6,530 foreigners from 98 non-European nations were examined helminthologically by
      means of 15,288 koproovoscopic samples of stool. Altogether 52% of the examined
      persons were found to be infected with helminths. 15 species or groups of species
      were found. 38% of the examined persons were infested with Trichuris trichiura,
      21% with "Ancylostomatidae" and 17% with Ascaris lumbricoides. Travellers from
      South and Southeast Asia showed the highest rate of infestation--93% on average
      (Vietnamese: 98%). The smallest rate of infestation (12%) was found with persons
      from Central and East Asia (Mongolians: 0.4%). Multiinfestations were frequent
      (Laos 67.4%, Vietnam 65.3% of the examined persons).

PMID- 4061959
TI  - Attempted mathematical models of seasonal dynamics of cestode infections in
      intermediate and final hosts.
AB  - The possibility of describing cestode infection dynamics in various host groups
      (e.g in birds, fishes and copepods) by trigonometric and parabolic polynomials is
      examined. The necessity of observing certain requirements during data collection
      for the correct application of the examined models is shown; the possibility of
      applying a parabolic polynomial in case of non-observing of some of these
      requirements has been found. The mathematical models obtained are of prognostic
      value and may serve as a measure of the uniformity and validity of the empirical
      data.

PMID- 4061958
TI  - [Efficacy of levimasole and nilverm on gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle and
      their effect on milk yield].
AB  - Effect of Levamisole and Nilverm on gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle and on
      the milk yield. The effect of Levamisole--pure substance and the preparation
      Nilverm on the milk yield of cattle was experimentally tested, however,
      significant positive results were not recorded. Following Nilverm application and
      after the experiments had been terminated, t-test showed significant daily
      decrease (2.5 l) in milk yield in the treated animals when compared to the
      controls. This decrease was directly proportional to the resumed increase in the
      extensity of invasion with gastrointestinal nematodes recorded after the
      treatment had been terminated. Regarding that the possibility of reinvasion of
      animals in cow sheds could be excluded and that the extensity of invasion with
      gastrointestinal nematodes was higher in the treated cows than in the controls at
      the end of the experiments, we assume that following the eradication of adult
      nematodes with anthelmintics activation of hypobiotic worm larvae occurred in the
      mucosa.

PMID- 4061960
TI  - Connections between Ascaridia galli and the bacterial flora in the intestine of
      hens.
AB  - Parasitological dissections of 502 intestinal tracts of hens deriving from big
      private chicken-farms have been done. In the jejunum of 146 hosts (ext. 29.1%)
      from 1 to 21 individuals of A. galli were detected. Using bacterial selective
      media and biochemical tests, the microorganisms from the hen's intestinal tracts
      as well as from the cuticle surface of the nematodes were identified. Among them
      were: grampositive (+) Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus,
      Micrococcus, Sarcina, Clostridium, Corynebacterium; gramnegative (-)
      Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Pasteurella, and fungi Candida and others. The
      lower frequency of microorganisms and the smaller amount of bacteria in the
      intestinal content in infected hens than in uninfected show that A. galli has
      antibacterial properties.

PMID- 4061961
TI  - Instrumental evaluation of the venous circulation in the arteriopathic subjects.
AB  - In peripheric arteriopathies, alterations occur to the venous system with a
      particular swelling of the veins of the foot-top, in the subjects (sclerotic or
      diabetic) at the 2nd and 3rd Fontaine stage, which gradually decreases until the
      collapse in the most advanced levels of the arterious affection (4th stage). In
      order to verify all that, we examined 40 artheriopathic subjects at the different
      Fontaine stages through a c.w. doppler apparatus and an impedence plethysmograph.
      Together with the modification of the arterious doppler velocitogram and the
      reduction of the Winsor index, we noticed that the velocity of the venous flow
      increases together with a venous hypertension that reaching the highest values at
      the 3rd stage, while at the 4th stage they are reduced because of the progress of
      the sclerosis. The impedence plethysmogram shows a reduction of the
      systodiastolic sphygmic excursion with a variation of the basic line, depending
      on the respiration, proportional at the clinic stage. In diabetic subjects the
      progress of the disease is more precocious because of the quicker implication of
      the microcirculation.

PMID- 4061962
TI  - Totally implantable indwelling catheter system--alternative techniques of
      insertion.
AB  - Totally implantable indwelling venous catheter systems represent a major
      advantage for patients requiring frequent or prolonged venous accesses. These
      catheters are usually inserted via the cephalic vein. When this approach is not
      feasible, alternative venous sites include the subscapular vein, the external
      jugular vein, the subclavian vein by direct puncture, the internal jugular vein
      by direct puncture and the saphenous vein. These techniques are herein reported
      to help the surgeon faced in the operating room with a difficult venous catheter
      placement.

PMID- 4061963
TI  - Two pumps and one heart: studies and theoretic considerations.
AB  - Using 2 pumps specially constructed to simulate the right and left ventricles of
      the heart of man, it was shown that very small differences in output per stroke
      of the 2 pumps will result in a significant change in the volume of the
      "pulmonary" circulatory system and could become "pathophysiologically" important
      with time. These studies demonstrate that both ventricles must be well
      synchronized and regulated to maintain good health and to prevent dyspnea and
      other manifestations of CHF. They also indicate the inadequacy of the
      conventional methods used for measuring cardiac output in man and the need to
      measure stroke volume or cardiac output of both ventricles separately and
      simultaneously. It must not be assumed that the cardiac output is always equal
      for both ventricles even in the presence of myocardial disease. An explanation is
      introduced for the acute onset of dyspnea associated with angina pectoris and
      with exercise. Also, the concept that the ventricles fill, at least in part, by
      "sucking" action is presented, with support from these and other theoretic
      considerations.

PMID- 4061964
TI  - Graft-enteric erosion in patients with retained defunctionalized aortic
      prostheses: a report of two cases.
AB  - Two patients who underwent "redo" aortic graft replacement in which the original
      thrombosed graft was oversewn but not removed subsequently developed graft
      enteric erosions that involved the oversewn graft. Each patient underwent
      successful removal of all intraabdominal graft material, oversewing of the aortic
      stump and extraanatomical bypass. These cases emphasize the need to remove any
      defunctionalized graft material and to cover all new and retained graft with soft
      tissue at the time of aortic graft reoperation if graft-enteric erosion is to be
      avoided.

PMID- 4061965
TI  - The anticholinergic side effects of disopyramide and controlled-release
      disopyramide.
AB  - Until now, the potential antiarrhythmic benefits of disopyramide have been
      restricted by anticholinergic side effects. These side effects have included
      xerostomia (dry mouth, nose or eyes), abdominal discomfort, nausea, constipation
      and, most importantly, urinary hesitancy and retention. A sustained-release form
      of pyridostigmine, an acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitor, has been shown to a)
      prevent the anticholinergic side effects of disopyramide when used
      prophylactically and b) to eliminate or attenuate these symptoms if they are
      already present. Pyridostigmine has no measurable effect on disopyramide's
      antiarrhythmic properties. This represents a beneficial new drug interaction
      which will improve tolerance of disopyramide and increase patient compliance with
      disopyramide-containing regimens.

PMID- 4061966
TI  - Inhospital prognosis of patients with their first transmural or subendocardial
      infarction and comparison of their coronary arteriogram and ventriculogram.
AB  - The inhospital clinical course and early prognosis were studied prospectively in
      500 patients who suffered their first transmural or subendocardial myocardial
      infarction, and were admitted in the coronary care unit of our hospital over the
      last four years. The coronary arteriogram and left ventriculogram of 300 patients
      out of the 500 was also compared. 434 patients developed transmural and 66
      subendocardial infarction, as judged by electrocardiographic criteria. Both
      groups of patients had the same range of sex, age, coronary risk factors and
      history of previous angina. There was no statistical difference in in-hospital
      prognosis and early clinical course. There was no difference in prevalence of
      single, double or triple vessel coronary artery disease. The hemodynamic
      parameters (ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure), as well
      as the number of hypokinetic, akinetic or dyskinetic segments did not show any
      significant statistical difference between the two categories of patients. The
      same extent of coronary artery lesions and degree of left ventricular dysfunction
      may explain the similarity of early clinical course. 12% of patients who were
      admitted with subendocardial infarction developed transmural infarction during
      their hospitalization.

PMID- 4061967
TI  - Validity of out-patient screening in arteriosclerosis to identify multiple
      lesions.
AB  - A total of 594 patients admitted for cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and for
      peripheral vascular disease (PVD), were examined in a study aimed at clarifying
      by a simple, inexpensive out-patient method, a) the relationship existing between
      the different locations of the vascular disease: brain, lower limbs, coronaries;
      b) the prevalence in the patients studied of risk factors such as hypertension,
      hyperlipidaemia and diabetes, and of migraine. The results were as follows: a) of
      the patients admitted for CVD, 44% also presented arteriosclerosis in other
      locations; this figure was 32% for PVD cases; b) hypertension was found in 38.5%
      of CVD and 27% of PVD cases; diabetes in 11.5% of CVD and in 18% of PVD cases;
      hyperlipidaemia in 31% of CVD and 24% of PVD cases; migraine in 11% of CVD and 1%
      of PVD cases.

PMID- 4061968
TI  - Assessment of venous insufficiency using photoplethysmography: a comparison to
      strain gauge plethysmography.
AB  - Simultaneous photoplethysmographic (PPG) and strain gauge plethysmographic (SPG)
      recordings were obtained in normal subjects and patients with venous
      insufficiency. In PPG tracings, a so called "negative segment," which represented
      a further fall below the baseline after exercising, was often observed. This
      negative segment is produced by blood flow from the superficial to the deep veins
      during relaxation, which indicates that PPG can be used to assess the circulatory
      hemodynamics in the skin. PPG and SPG tracings from limbs with primary varicosis
      showed a shorter refilling time after exercise than those from normal limbs at
      the distal as well as the midcalf levels. The mean refilling time measured at the
      distal level by PPG was unaffected by tourniquets applied proximal to the
      transducer, indicating that the PPG tracings determined at the distal level were
      not always influenced by the reflux of blood through the incompetent saphenous
      system, but by altered cutaneous circulation. SPG was of greater diagnostic value
      for deep venous disease than PPG. From these results, it would be concluded that
      PPG in combination with SPG offers a rational approach to the assessment and the
      understanding of the pathophysiology of venous diseases.

PMID- 4061969
TI  - Spiral saphenous vein graft for replacement of internal jugular vein: a series of
      case reports.
AB  - Bilateral radical neck dissection with internal jugular vein extirpation, be it
      simultaneous or staged, results in severe cephalic venous hypertension. Symptoms
      remit with time, however, acutely contribute to the morbidity of the procedure.
      Internal jugular vein replacement using autogenous saphenous vein that is
      fashioned into a spiral conduit has been used in three patients undergoing
      bilateral or second side radical neck dissection. The technique entails
      construction of a large vein conduit by wrapping saphenous vein around a chest
      tube in a spiral fashion. Patients treated had objective relief of the acute
      venous hypertension based on cephalic venous pressure measurements. The three
      patients undergoing the spiral vein grafting were notable for the lack of any
      expected symptoms derived from venous hypertension, and postoperative venograms
      demonstrate graft patency at one to two weeks.

PMID- 4061970
TI  - Lymph cysts or lymphocoele: a case report.
AB  - A patient with a lymph cyst of the thigh following sulfuric acid burns of both
      feet is presented. It was diagnosed by percutaneous lymphangiography with
      Ethiodal. Omentopexy was performed with success. A complication of hernia of
      small intestine into the thigh was corrected by herniorraphy. Omentopexy is an
      excellent modality to improve lymph flow. Awareness of hernia post operatively
      may limit its use.

PMID- 4061971
TI  - The revolution in the approach to allergic and immunologic diseases.

PMID- 4061972
TI  - The practical approach to the evaluation of suspected environmental exposures:
      chemical intolerance.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to encourage allergists to expand their interest
      in environmental intolerance to include chemicals found in everyday exposure. By
      incorporating controlled challenge procedures into outpatient practice
      capabilities, the practicing allergist can expand both clinical interest and
      practice potential. By merging scientific principles of toxicology and psychology
      with the traditional investigative skills of the well-trained clinical allergist,
      we believe that discipline of allergy/immunology can realize a rather remarkable
      new dimension.

PMID- 4061973
TI  - Pretreatment serum levels of IgE to chymopapain in reactive patients.
AB  - Discolysis (chemonucleolysis) with chymopapain, the proteolytic enzyme, is
      currently being used in the treatment of herniated lumbar discs. Of the patients
      receiving treatment, approximately 1% experience an anaphylactic reaction. This
      reaction is thought to be mediated by IgE antibodies to chymopapain. Because of
      this, it may be possible to predict potential reactors using in vitro testing. In
      the current study, five out of seven patients who experienced allergic
      anaphylaxis during discolysis demonstrated high IgE serum levels to chymopapain
      before treatment.

PMID- 4061974
TI  - The incidence of pine pollen reactivity in an allergic atopic population.
AB  - In the past there has been controversy concerning the allergenicity of pine
      pollen. Most reports have suggested that pine pollen has not been a significant
      allergen due to its low antigenicity and relatively large size. While little
      investigation has been done, there are some older studies supporting pine pollen
      as an allergen and its use in individual cases for immunotherapy. To our
      knowledge, no extended testing or screening had been done. A total of 200
      patients presenting with symptoms during the pine pollen season were tested to
      Pinus radiata. Five (3.2%) of the 155 pollen-sensitive patients exhibited skin
      test sensitivity to Pinus radiata. Based on this data it is concluded that the
      incidence of skin test reactivity to pine pollen is low.

PMID- 4061975
TI  - House dust mites in Colorado.
AB  - Sixty-four samples of house dust from 16 long-established households in the
      Denver, Colorado area were analyzed for the presence of house dust mites
      (Dermatophagoides sp.). No mites were found in house dust from 12 of the sampled
      houses and small numbers (10 to 40 mites/g of house dust) were found from the
      other four. In an additional four houses which contained furniture recently
      imported from other areas, 100 to 360 mites/g of dust were found, and 2 years
      later up to 200 mites/g were still present. Twenty-eight percent of the mites in
      repeat collections from the latter homes were alive. The mite allergen content of
      house dust samples was analyzed by RAST inhibition against pooled sera from mite
      allergic patients. When dust from four long-established Denver households where
      no mites were found was employed, there was an average binding of 37.2%; with
      dust from the four Denver households with low levels of mites and no imported
      furniture, binding averaged 39.5%. In contrast, with house dust from four
      "positive control" homes in California and New York there was only 26.1% binding
      (P less than .005). The results of this study suggest that there are small
      numbers of nonintroduced house dust mites in some Denver houses, but that they
      contribute little mite antigen and are probably of minimal clinical significance
      in mite-sensitive patients. Large numbers of mites can be introduced with
      furnishings and may persist for at least 2 years. Similar small mite populations
      might be expected in other areas with comparable relative humidity.

PMID- 4061976
TI  - Accidental administration of hepatitis B immune globulin to a patient positive
      for hepatitis B surface antigen.
AB  - Approximately 24 hours after receiving hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG), a
      renal transplant surgeon developed localized urticaria at the site of injection
      followed by generalized urticaria and angioedema, which resolved after
      administration of corticosteroids but recurred ten days later. Blood drawn from
      the surgeon prior to his receiving the HBIG injection was positive for hepatitis
      B surface antigen (HBsAg). We believe that the adverse reaction may have been
      caused by HBsAg-HBIG immune complexes. This case illustrates the necessity for
      knowing the results of hepatitis serology before injection of HBIG is given in
      high risk individuals. It also re-emphasizes the value of periodic screening for
      hepatitis B in such persons and the need for hepatitis B vaccine.

PMID- 4061977
TI  - The effect of white wine upon pulmonary function of asthmatic subjects.
AB  - The potential toxicity of ingested metabisulfite is a source of great concern to
      patients with asthma. This problem is of particular interest to the wine industry
      because potassium metabisulfite has been used for centuries to sterilize the mold
      and bacteria found in barrels or tanks as part of fermentation. Although there
      have been many observations on the influence of wine in asthmatics, the vast
      majority reflects anecdoctal case reports. Because of the relationship of
      metabisulfite to wine, we challenged a group of 25 asymptomatic, normal
      individuals and 25 patients with asthma with 4 oz of white wine containing 160
      mg% of metabisulfite. Pulmonary function tests were performed immediately before,
      and 20 minutes and one hour after drinking the wine. Of the asthmatics who
      completed the study, seven of 24 decreased their FEV1 more than 10% at 20
      minutes, and five of 23 decreased their FEV1 more than 10% at one hour.
      Furthermore, four patients decreased their FEV1 from 23% to 36%. Two patients
      felt symptomatic and one required treatment with a metered aerosolized dose of
      Alupent. These two symptomatic patients were further studied to identify the
      mechanism involved by drinking in a blinded fashion either a "model wine
      solution," prepared on the chemists shelf without metabisulfite, or a "model wine
      solution" prepared with metabisulfite. One patient became symptomatic when he
      drank either "wine".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4061978
TI  - A comparison of inhaled fenoterol and albuterol in asthma.
AB  - In 24 adult asthmatics the effects of clinically recommended doses of fenoterol
      (320 micrograms) and albuterol (180 micrograms) were compared to placebo in a
      double-blind, crossover trial. Bronchodilation in FEV1 was significantly greater
      than placebo for both active drugs: two hours on albuterol and five hours on
      fenoterol. Results of FEF25-75% were similar. There were no significant changes
      in pulse rate, blood pressure and electrocardiogram, but 11 patients had mild
      subjective side-effects on fenoterol.

PMID- 4061979
TI  - A study on IgE antibody-producing cells from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of
      atopic patients.
AB  - In the present study, the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of six rye-grass and
      22 ragweed atopic patients demonstrated secretion of IgE antibody from 7-day
      cultures as measured by a sensitive ultra-low RAST. The RAST binding ranged from
      1.5% to 21% whereas the cell supernatants from the PBL of eight non-atopic
      individuals showed little or no response (1.2%). The addition of antigens (rye
      grass 1 or AgE) or interleukin (IL-2) to the cultures on day 0 failed to cause an
      increase in response. But examination of PBL from four of these patients by a
      reverse hemolytic plaque assay showed that challenge of these cells by antigen or
      IL-2 caused an increase in the number of antigen-specific IgE plaque forming
      cells. The bulk of the IgE antibody secreting cells were located in a sheep red
      blood cell rosetted fraction (cell fraction 2) whereas most of IgE antibody PFC
      were found in the non-rosetting fraction (cell fraction 1). It appears that the
      reverse hemolytic plaque assay detects IgE antibody-producing cells which can
      still undergo immune regulation and may represent an earlier stage of B cell
      differentiation whereas the ultra-low RAST appears to measure spontaneous
      plasmablast cell IgE antibody response.

PMID- 4061980
TI  - Terbutaline by metered-dose inhaler: conventional inhaler versus tube spacer for
      children with asthma.
AB  - We compared terbutaline administered through an 80-mL, 10 X 3.2-cm tube spacer
      versus a conventional metered-dose inhaler in 34 asthmatic patients, aged 8 to 16
      years. In this double-blind, single-dose study, three groups of children (spacer
      active, conventional active, and placebo) were assessed clinically and with
      spirometry before and at one-half hour intervals for two hours after therapy. One
      investigator taught inhaler use and monitored patients' errors in technique.
      Compared with placebo, terbutaline delivered by either the tube spacer or the
      conventional inhaler significantly improved pulmonary function from one-half to
      two hours after treatment. Both the spacer and conventional inhaler were equally
      effective in improving pulmonary function from the baseline state. Only 4/34
      (11.7%) children used both inhalers without any error. Adverse effects were mild,
      transient, and infrequent and did not differ between the groups. Terbutaline
      aerosol, whether delivered by the tube spacer or conventional actuator, provides
      effective bronchodilation for children with asthma, in spite of frequent errors
      in technique of inhaler use.

PMID- 4061981
TI  - Serial delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity skin testing with multiple recall
      antigens in healthy volunteers: booster effect study.
AB  - Booster effects on delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity (DCH) responses have been
      demonstrated for various antigens when DCH is measured by the Mantoux technique.
      In the present study, we investigated this possibility when assessing DCH
      responses using the Multitest CMI multipuncture technique with simultaneous
      injections of seven test antigens and a control. The DCH responses were
      quantified for each antigen and for the overall DCH response expressed as a DCH
      score. In a group of healthy volunteers, DCH was repeatedly tested either 1 month
      apart or 2 months apart at least six times. When volunteers remained healthy, DCH
      variations were observed with only two of seven tested antigens: streptococcus
      which slowly decreased (P = .012) and proteus which slowly increased (P = .04).
      Responses to the other antigens and the DCH score remained stable. In contrast,
      greater DCH variations were observed when infections occurred. The results with
      the Multitest CMI multipuncture show that repeated application had minimal
      booster effect on DCH responses and may be used to evaluate and follow
      immunocompetence of patients.

PMID- 4061982
TI  - Local specific IgE production in nasal polyps associated with negative skin tests
      and serum RAST.
AB  - Eighteen of 24 patients undergoing nasal polypectomies demonstrated polyp fluid
      total IgE higher than corresponding serum values. Allergen-specific IgE was
      detected in polyp fluid of 19/24 patients. Since only 9/19 had positive skin
      tests, ten patients had specific IgE locally in polyp tissue which could not be
      detected systemically.

PMID- 4061983
TI  - Sequential sampling of fungal air spores inside and outside the homes of mould
      sensitive, asthmatic patients: a search for a relationship to obstructive
      reactions.
AB  - A sequential sampling study of fungal airspores was carried out with the Andersen
      sampler inside and outside the homes of eight asthmatic, mould-sensitive
      patients. The aim of the study was to find a possible relationship between
      variations in airborne colony forming units (CFU) and the occurrence of increased
      pulmonary complaints (IPC). Great variations in fungal prevalence occurred
      throughout the year, the lowest average daily concentration being 125, and the
      highest, 1425 CFU/m3/sample during the whole survey. Penicillium dominated the
      catch in seven of the eight environments. Other frequently sampled moulds were
      Cladosporium, yeasts, Aspergillus, and Botrytis. Sixty-six percent of IPC were
      noted from July through November, during which time 56% of all fungal peaks
      occurred. A significant difference was found between peak flow (PF) values on
      days with the highest mould numbers compared with PF values on days with low
      counts. This relation was not found for PF and indoor mould counts. No particular
      fungal genus was responsible for IPC in general, but in a given patient the
      occurrence of a special mould type may be related to obstructive reactions. It is
      concluded that a possible relationship exists between the prevalence of airborne
      fungi and IPC. Definite proof of a direct bronchial obstructive effect, however,
      might only be provided by means of inhalation-provocation studies with the
      sampled fungi.

PMID- 4061984
TI  - Circulation time during standard and modified manual CPR determined by retinal
      photoangiography.
AB  - We used retinal fluorescein photoangiography to determine the circulation time
      (CTv-a) from the inferior vena cava (IVC) to the retinal artery in anesthetized,
      intubated, paralyzed, and fibrillated dogs. Animals received either standard CPR
      (SCPR) (n = 11) or modified CPR (MCPR) (n = 11) manually at 60 compressions per
      minute in both groups. MCPR consisted of simultaneous ventilation-compression
      with abdominal binding to 40 mm Hg. SCPR or MCPR was begun immediately after
      inducing ventricular fibrillation and was performed for an average of 4.5 minutes
      prior to bolus injection of fluorescein dye (0.7 mL, 25% solution). To compare
      CTv-a in the two groups, dye was injected through a catheter into the IVC (below
      the diaphragm) and timed, rapid, sequential retinal photoangiography was begun.
      The time to first appearance of dye in the retinal vasculature initially was
      determined visually by the camera operator and later was substantiated
      photographically. The camera simultaneously photographed the retinal vasculature
      and the built-in timer, thus displaying the elapsed time from injection on each
      frame. Our results showed a significantly shorter CTv-a in the MCPR group (58.9
      seconds +/- 18.6) when compared to the SCPR group (112.6 seconds +/- 47.4; P less
      than .01). In addition, we have documented retinal blood flow during CPR.

PMID- 4061985
TI  - Gastrointestinal transit times of cathartics combined with charcoal.
AB  - Oral activated charcoal usually is administered in toxic ingestions along with a
      cathartic. A study was done in volunteers to determine the rapidity of
      gastrointestinal transit when activated charcoal was administered with various
      cathartics. A control of activated charcoal was compared to the gastrointestinal
      transit times of activated charcoal plus the cathartics magnesium citrate,
      magnesium sulfate, or sorbitol. Activated charcoal alone produced a mean transit
      time of 23.5 hours; magnesium citrate catharsis occurred in 4.2 hours, magnesium
      sulfate catharsis occurred in 9.3 hours, and sorbitol catharsis occurred in 0.9
      hours. Sorbitol clearly was the most rapidly acting cathartic.

PMID- 4061986
TI  - Liquid caustic ingestions: an in vitro study of the effects of buffer,
      neutralization, and dilution.
AB  - Changes in pH and temperature of solutions of common commercial liquid caustics
      were determined in vitro following the addition of neutralizing agent, buffer,
      and diluent. Neutralization of strong base was complete following the addition of
      less than twice the volume of weak acid with only a minimal release of heat.
      Buffer added to a strong acid caused an immediate temperature elevation without
      changing the pH; a gradual rise in pH followed. Large volumes of diluent caused
      little change in temperature or pH of either strong base or strong acid. We
      conclude that dilution as a first-aid measure is ineffective, whereas buffer is
      ineffective and possibly harmful. Neutralization is effective in reversing pH
      change, but in vivo studies are needed to confirm the relative roles of pH
      extremes and heat in the genesis of tissue injury.

PMID- 4061987
TI  - Subacute sequelae of carbon monoxide poisoning.
AB  - From January 1980 to August 1983, 213 patients with carbon monoxide poisoning
      were seen; 131 received hyperbaric oxygen and had no sequelae. Eighty-two
      patients were treated with normobaric oxygen; ten (12.1%) returned with
      clinically significant sequelae. The specific neurological sequelae included
      headaches, irritability, personality changes, confusion, and loss of memory. This
      recurrent symptomatology developed within one to 21 days (mean, 5.7 days) after
      the initial exposure, although no reexposure occurred. These recurring symptoms
      resolved rapidly with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. We recommend that hyperbaric
      oxygen therapy be used whenever CO poisoning symptoms recur.

PMID- 4061988
TI  - Treatment of acute carbon monoxide poisoning with hyperbaric oxygen: a review of
      115 cases.
AB  - From January 1978 through March 1984, 115 cases of acute carbon monoxide
      poisoning were treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Exposure resulted from accidental
      sources (n = 39), attempted suicide (n = 47), and smoke inhalation (n = 29).
      Forty-one victims were never unconscious, 30 victims were unconscious at the
      scene but awoke before arriving at the hospital, and 44 victims were unconscious
      in the ED. Eleven patients (9.6%) died, and two victims (1.9% of the survivors)
      experienced major sequelae. All these patients were comatose on arrival. The
      remaining 102 patients recovered fully. Carboxyhemoglobin levels did not
      correlate with clinical findings, thereby demonstrating the variability between
      carbon monoxide exposure and impairment of the cellular cytochrome system.
      Hyperbaric oxygen therapy facilitates the rapid removal of carbon monoxide from
      the hemoglobin and cytochrome systems while reoxygenating compromised tissues,
      and it can be an effective treatment in reducing mortality and morbidity.

PMID- 4061989
TI  - Occult bacteremia in the emergency department: diagnostic criteria for the young
      febrile child.
AB  - We studied a selected series of febrile infants (N = 201) in an attempt to
      prospectively identify risk factors for bacteremia. Infants with fever less than
      39.4 C, vomiting and diarrhea, croup, or viral exanthem or enanthem were not
      included. Twenty-one infants (9.5%) had positive blood cultures despite the
      initial judgment of their physician that only viral illness or localized
      bacterial infection existed. WBC count of more than 15,000 correlated with
      bacteremia, with a sensitivity of 0.71 and a specificity of 0.73. Extensive
      multivariate linear regression analysis attempting to increase predictive values
      was completed. The combination of fever higher than 39.4 C present for more than
      12 hours and absolute polymorphonuclear count of more than 9,000 cells/mm3 had a
      sensitivity of 0.62 and a specificity of 0.78 for bacteremia. Descriptive
      statistics for groups with and without bacteremia are summarized. We have defined
      prospectively a population of infants with a high probability of bacteremia and a
      lower probability of viral illness. Identification of such a group is useful to
      the emergency physician because early antibiotic therapy may lessen morbidity and
      mortality. We conclude that an easily obtained data base may be useful in the
      prospective identification of those at risk for bacteremia.

PMID- 4061990
TI  - Pediatric head injury: the critical role of the emergency physician.
AB  - Neurologic injury is a significant source of morbidity and mortality in pediatric
      patients. In order to clarify the factors influencing outcome in pediatric
      patients with severe head injury, we studied 200 consecutive patients with
      Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of 8 or less. The following data were collected:
      age, GCS score, presence of mass lesions, oculovestibular reflexes (OVR),
      pupillary size and reactivity, intracranial pressure (ICP), apnea, presence of
      hypotension, hypoxia (PO2 less than 60 torr), or hypercarbia (PCO2 greater than
      or equal to 35 torr), presence of multiple trauma, and Modified Injury Severity
      Scale (MISS) score. Outcome was assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale at a
      minimum of six months following recovery. Of the 200 patients in the study, 86
      (43%) had isolated head injury (IHI) and 114 (57%) had head injury plus multiple
      trauma (HI + MT). Overall, 26% of patients had mass lesions; 28% had altered OVR;
      33% had fixed, dilated pupils; 79% had increased intracranial pressure; and 29%
      had hypotension, hypoxia, or hypercarbia. Overall mortality was 21.5%. Severity
      of injury (as judged by presence of mass lesions, GCS, OVR, fixed pupils) was
      more pronounced in patients with IHI, although increased ICP was more common in
      patients with HI + MT; however, death was almost three times more common in
      patients with HI + MT (30% versus 10.5%). In the IHI group, two of nine patients
      who died (22%) had hypotension, hypoxia, or hypercarbia; all but four patients
      (88%) in the HI + MT group had hypotension, hypoxia, or hypercarbia.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4061991
TI  - Liquid crystal thermometry for continuous temperature measurement in emergency
      department patients.
AB  - A single temperature measurement recorded on admission to the emergency
      department provides no information about temperature alterations occurring during
      the course of evaluation. Continuous monitoring of patients' temperatures in the
      ED, however, may alter management and decrease morbidity. Our study evaluated the
      reliability of liquid crystal thermometers (LCTs) and the clinical benefit of
      continuous temperature monitoring in the ED. Commercially available LCTs
      (corrected 4 degrees F to reflect core temperature) were applied to the foreheads
      of randomly selected patients. Serial oral electronic thermometer readings were
      compared to those obtained by LCT. Fever was defined as a temperature higher than
      99.5 F orally or 100 F by LCT. One hundred two patients underwent simultaneous
      LCT and oral temperature measurements, with a correlation coefficient of 0.661.
      Hypothermia was not encountered. Eighty-four patients were afebrile, and 18 were
      febrile by oral measurement on admission. Of the afebrile patients, 13 (15.5%)
      became febrile while in the ED. The temperature course was identified correctly
      by LCT in 83.3% of cases. The LCT correctly identified all patients who were
      febrile on admission, as well as 92.3% of those who developed fever while in the
      ED. The latter fevers would have been missed by routine single-temperature
      determination on ED admission. Detection of fever stimulated more aggressive
      clinical evaluation of these patients. Eight of nine patients who defervesced in
      response to antipyretic therapy were identified correctly by LCT.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4061992
TI  - The 1980 patient urgency study: further analysis of the data.
AB  - The patient urgency study was a comprehensive nationwide evaluation of patient
      and physician perceptions of the urgency of need for medical care. Half of the
      patients in the study were between the ages of 13 and 21. The necessity for
      immediate care, specifically emergency department care, and admission varied
      proportionately with increasing age. There was little variation in patient volume
      by day of the week, although the 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM shift was demonstrably the
      busiest; the midnight to 8:00 AM shift, however, had proportionately more sick
      patients. Sixty percent of the patients came to the ED because they believed that
      they had an emergency problem; 62% of patients had a personal physician. The
      average number of patients admitted in the ED population was 12.5%, with a range
      of 4.1% to 22.9%. ED residents underestimated the urgency of need for medical
      care 6.7% of the time, in comparison with only 3.7% for career emergency
      physicians. Physicians noted that 7.4% of patients who left without being seen
      initially required immediate care.

PMID- 4061993
TI  - Quality assurance in the emergency department.
AB  - Quality assurance (QA) is an increasingly important element in the administrative
      management of the ED. The need to critically self-evaluate physician performance,
      allocate scarce resources, and conduct careful risk management requires a
      methodology well met by a comprehensive QA plan. Aggressive collection of
      potential problems requires multiple methodologies to review complaints,
      accomplish generic screening, perform audits, address administrative concerns,
      and satisfy reviews mandated by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of
      Hospitals. The means by which such wide-ranging issues can be brought into a
      single comprehensive plan require an efficient and flexible model of ED
      administration that includes problem identification, resolution and monitoring,
      risk management, and sensible administration. The QA elements of monitoring,
      assessment, improvement, documentation, generic screening, and standards of care
      are examined.

PMID- 4061994
TI  - The Taser weapon: a new emergency medicine problem.
AB  - The Taser is an electrical law enforcement and self-defense weapon that is being
      used with increasing frequency. The weapon is described and its effects and
      ballistic and electrical considerations are reviewed. Clinical aspects of Taser
      injury, including weapon-fired barb injury, barb removal methods, injury
      secondary to electrical current, ventricular fibrillation, possible interactions
      with implanted pacemakers, and injuries secondary to weapon-induced falls, are
      discussed. Taser injuries are a new and increasingly frequent emergency medicine
      problem.

PMID- 4061995
TI  - Local anesthetics.
AB  - Local anesthetics are remarkably useful agents that enhance patient comfort and
      improve patient compliance. Their use, however, requires an understanding of
      their action, proper dosages, potential risks, and treatment of reactions. We
      have presented the history, pharmacokinetics, action, risks of using, and ways in
      which agents are used to treat the most common agents, with notes on the special
      aspects of each agent. With the increased awareness that these are, indeed, not
      benign substances, we hope that serious reactions can be avoided by prophylactic
      measures and proper treatment in the early stages of toxicity.

PMID- 4061996
TI  - Guidelines for delineation of clinical privileges in emergency medicine. American
      College of Emergency Physicians.

PMID- 4061997
TI  - Guidelines for transfer of patients. American College of Emergency Physicians.

PMID- 4061998
TI  - Gastrotomy--a surgical approach to iron overdose.
AB  - Emesis and lavage often are ineffective in providing complete emptying of the
      stomach after an ingestion. With a locally corrosive and systemically toxic agent
      such as iron, surgical intervention with emergency gastrotomy may be required. We
      recently treated a 19-year-old man in the ED and in the departments of surgery
      and medicine who required a gastrotomy to remove a large amount of elemental iron
      inaccessible to removal by emesis, lavage, or gastroscopy. At gastrotomy the
      stomach showed full-thickness inflammation; the entire mucosal surface was
      hemorrhagic in nature. Gastrotomy was successful in allowing the removal of a
      large amount of the retained corrosive material. The severity of the findings at
      gastrotomy and the dramatic clinical improvement and recovery in our patient
      strongly support this approach if traditional methods fail.

PMID- 4061999
TI  - Caffeine intoxication: a near fatality.
AB  - A 37-year-old woman ingested approximately 27 g caffeine in a suicide attempt.
      After initial presentation with supraventricular tachycardia, hypotension, and
      coma, she suffered repeated episodes of ventricular fibrillation. Resin
      hemoperfusion was performed, with prompt stabilization of the patient's
      cardiovascular status. Methylxanthine toxicity is briefly reviewed.

PMID- 4062000
TI  - Successful resuscitation using external cardiac pacing.
AB  - The resuscitation of a patient with failure of a permanent artificial pacemaker
      is described. A mechanically inactive heart showed a variety of ineffective
      rhythms, and dissociation could not be overcome by drug therapy. The urgent need
      for artificial pacing presented problems that eventually were overcome. The time
      required to establish effective transvenous pacing would have prevented a
      favorable outcome if external cardiac pacing had not been available. External
      pacing maintained effective cardiac action for two hours and 55 minutes. The need
      for external cardiac pacing capability in EDs is considered.

PMID- 4062001
TI  - Hyperbaric treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning.

PMID- 4062002
TI  - Drooling caused by a swallowed denture plate.

PMID- 4062003
TI  - Angles of inclination and anteversion in hip dysplasia in the dog.
AB  - The angles of inclination and anteversion of the femoral head and neck were
      measured on 150 limbs of 75 dogs. These hip angles were compared with
      pathoanatomic and radiographic scores of hip dysplasia. There was a minimal
      difference between dysplastic and healthy dogs in the angles of inclination and
      anteversion. It was concluded that in this series of dogs, hip angles did not
      have a part in the development of hip dysplasia.

PMID- 4062005
TI  - Anatomic and radiographic appearance of a sesamoid bone in the tendon of origin
      of the supinator muscle of dogs.
AB  - Radiologic and anatomic studies of the elbow of 100 dogs of 17 different breeds
      showed that a sesamoid bone may be located in a constantly present sesamoid
      cartilage associated with the tendon of origin of the supinator muscle. The
      sesamoid was observed in 31% of the radiographs of 100 supinator tendons
      dissected from 50 of the dogs. The bone was usually bilateral and was best
      demonstrated in craniocaudal medial-to-lateral oblique radiographs of the elbow
      where it articulated with the craniolateral aspect of the head of the radius.

PMID- 4062004
TI  - Effects of calcium supplementation and sunlight exposure on growing beagle dogs.
AB  - Nine 7-week-old Beagle dogs were given 2.3 g of dietary calcium supplementation
      once a day and were exposed to sunlight to permit endogenous vitamin D formation.
      After 70 days, the serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations, thyroid
      morphometry, and bone density and composition were compared with those values in
      a similar group of 10 dogs not given calcium supplementation and maintained in
      restricted, artificial light. Lower serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations
      in the supplement-fed dogs may be attributed to hypercalcitonism, which was
      assumed to be present because of increased proportions of C cells and decreased
      proportions of thyroid follicles. They also had significantly more trabecular
      bone of a lower specific gravity containing more water and less combustible
      matter. The findings indicate that the high dietary calcium intake and sunlight
      exposure induced C-cell hyperplasia during a relatively short period of 70 days.
      It is possible that Beagles maintained through maturity on a diet high in calcium
      concentration and in outdoor runs may develop chronic C-cell hyperplasia. The
      possible contribution of high calcium intake and chronic C-cell hyperplasia to
      reduced thyroid function and skeletal changes is not yet clear.

PMID- 4062006
TI  - Determination of serum bile acids in fasting dogs with hepatobiliary disease.
AB  - The diagnostic value of determining total conjugated serum bile acid (SBA)
      concentrations was evaluated in fasting dogs with spontaneous liver disease.
      Conjugated primary SBA values were determined by radioimmunoassay in 12 healthy
      dogs, 64 dogs with hepatobiliary disease, and 9 dogs with intestinal disorders
      unassociated with clinical or biochemical evidence of liver disease. Reference
      values for SBA concentrations ranged from 0 to 5 mumol/L and were not
      significantly different from those determined in dogs with intestinal disease (P
      less than 0.05). Mean SBA concentrations determined in dogs with portosystemic
      shunts, glucocorticoid-induced hepatopathy, hepatic neoplasia, hepatitis,
      cholestasis, and cirrhosis were significantly greater than reference values (P
      less than 0.05). The mean SBA concentration in dogs with glucocorticoid-induced
      hepatopathy was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than that in all other
      clinical groups of dogs with liver disease, except in dogs with cholestasis.
      Although these 2 groups were statistically indistinguishable, dogs with
      glucocorticoid-induced hepatopathy generally had lower SBA values (2 to 37
      mumol/L) than did the group with cholestasis (2 to 562 mumol/L). The SBA
      concentrations in fasting dogs were weakly correlated with histologic evidence of
      hepatic damage, as determined by a total biopsy score (r = 0.28, P less than
      0.02). Because total SBA concentrations were increased in 89% of all dogs with
      hepatobiliary disease, the determination of SBA appears to be a sensitive test of
      hepatic dysfunction.

PMID- 4062007
TI  - Mechanism of thrombocytopenia in African swine fever.
AB  - Pigs were inoculated with an African swine fever (ASF) isolate of moderate
      virulence, and the changes in the number of circulating blood platelets during
      infection were correlated with the appearance of antiviral antibody and
      fluctuations in total plasma hemolytic complement concentrations.
      Thrombocytopenia was detected by postinoculation days (PID) 7 and 8, and
      antiviral antibody was detected by PID 7, using an indirect immunofluorescence
      technique. The total hemolytic complement concentration was moderately and
      transiently decreased from PID 5 to 9, but was consistently low from PID 18 to
      26. Pigs inoculated with an ASF virus isolate of greater virulence had a decrease
      in platelet counts on PID 6 and 7, and the total plasma hemolytic complement
      levels decreased in all pigs by PID 6 to 7. Antibody to ASF virus was not
      detected in pigs inoculated with the more virulent isolate. Pigs sensitized to
      ASF viral antigen with an inactivated-virus vaccine or by previous infection with
      ASF were challenge exposed. Sensitized pigs became clinically ill and
      thrombocytopenic by 24 to 72 hours earlier than did inoculated, nonsensitized
      pigs. Vaccinated pigs inoculated with homologous virus had lower blood virus
      concentrations than did nonvaccinated pigs. African swine fever virus-sensitized
      pigs inoculated with heterologous virus had a higher fatality rate than did
      nonsensitized pigs, and the pigs died peracutely, with only a few gross lesions
      in evidence. In vitro experiments demonstrated that ASF virus antigen induced
      platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma from recovered, nonviremic pigs.
      Viral antigen, antibody, or complement was not demonstrable on the surface of
      platelets from pigs inoculated with ASF virus isolate, by direct
      immunofluorescence testing.

PMID- 4062008
TI  - Congenital skeletal malformations induced by maternal ingestion of Conium
      maculatum (poison hemlock) in newborn pigs.
AB  - Skeletal malformations were induced in newborn pigs from gilts fed Conium
      maculatum seed or plant during gestation days 43 through 53 and 51 through 61.
      The teratogenic effects in groups dosed during gestation days 43 through 53 were
      more severe than those in groups dosed during the later period, with many newborn
      pigs showing arthrogryposis and twisted and malaligned bones in the limbs and
      with 1 pig showing scoliosis and deformity of the thoracic cage. The pigs born to
      gilts given C maculatum during gestation days 51 through 61 had excessive flexure
      primarily in the carpal joints, without scoliosis or bone malalignment in the
      limbs. The teratogenicity of poison hemlock depends on the alkaloid concentration
      and content. Based on the data presented, we speculate that gamma-coniceine is
      the teratogenic alkaloid in the poison hemlock fed to the gilts.

PMID- 4062009
TI  - Duration of maternally derived antibodies against equine influenza in newborn
      foals.
AB  - Serum antibody concentrations against influenza A-equi-1 virus and A-equi-2 virus
      were measured in a group of 18 foals from birth to 4 months of age. More than 50%
      of the foals were seronegative to A-equi-1 virus infection by 4 weeks of age,
      with titers of less than or equal to 1:16. For A-equi-2 virus, more than 50% of
      the foals were seronegative by 2 weeks of age, with titers of less than or equal
      to 1:8. Passively derived antibodies against influenza A-equi-1 virus and A-equi
      2 virus in foals obtained from recently vaccinated mares and from mares not
      vaccinated within 6 months before foaling were low in titer. The duration of
      passively derived antibodies was also short-lived.

PMID- 4062010
TI  - Visceral analgesia: effects of xylazine, butorphanol, meperidine, and pentazocine
      in horses.
AB  - The visceral analgesic, cardiorespiratory, and behavioral effects induced by
      xylazine, butorphanol, meperidine, and pentazocine were determined in 9 adult
      horses with colic. Colic was produced by inflating a balloon in the horses'
      cecum. Heart rate, respiratory rate, mean arterial blood pressure, and cardiac
      output increased after cecal balloon inflation. Xylazine and butorphanol
      decreased the hemodynamic response to cecal balloon inflation. Meperidine and
      pentazocine had minimal effects on the cardiorespiratory changes induced by cecal
      balloon inflation. Xylazine produced the most pronounced visceral analgesia. The
      duration of visceral analgesia was longest with xylazine (approx 90 minutes)
      followed by butorphanol (approx 60 min) and then by meperidine and pentazocine
      (approx 30 to 35 min). Accurate assessment of the effects of visceral analgesics
      is dependent upon the use of objective tests to evaluate pain.

PMID- 4062011
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cephalothin in horse mares.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cephalothin given to 6 horse mares at
      a dosage level of 11 mg/kg of body weight IV or IM were investigated. The
      disposition of cephalothin given IV was characterized by a rapid disposition
      phase with a mean half-life of 2.89 minutes and a subsequent slower elimination
      phase with a mean half-life of only 14.7 minutes. The mean residence time of
      cephalothin was 10.6 +/- 2.11 minutes. The total plasma clearance of cephalothin
      averaged 13.6 ml/min/kg and was caused by metabolism and renal elimination. Renal
      clearance of cephalothin averaged 1.32 ml/min/kg and accounted for elimination of
      about 10.1% of the administered dose. The volume of distribution at steady state
      averaged 151 mg/kg. Plasma protein binding of cephalothin at a concentration of
      10 micrograms/ml averaged 17.9 +/- 2.5%. Cephalothin was rapidly metabolized to
      desacetylcephalothin. Maximum plasma desacetylcephalothin concentrations were
      observed in the blood samples collected 5 minutes after IV doses and averaged
      22.9 micrograms/ml. The apparent half-life of desacetylcephalothin in plasma was
      41.6 minutes and its renal clearance averaged 4.49 +/- 2.43 ml/min/kg. An average
      of 33.9% of the dose was recovered in the urine as desacetylcephalothin. The
      maximum plasma cephalothin concentration after IM administration was 11.3 +/-
      3.71 micrograms/ml. The terminal half-life was 47.0 minutes and was longer than
      the half-life after IV administration. The bioavailability of cephalothin given
      IM ranged from 38.3% to 93.1% and averaged 65.0 +/- 20.5%.

PMID- 4062012
TI  - Healing of surgically created defects in the equine superficial digital flexor
      tendon: collagen-type transformation and tissue morphologic reorganization.
AB  - Full-thickness defects were surgically created in the superficial digital flexor
      tendons of the front limbs of 20 horses. Tissues formed within the defect were
      evaluated histologically, and the collagen composition of the tissue was
      determined by immunofluorescence. Transformation occurred from loose fibrillar
      areas of types I and III collagen and pericellular types IV and V collagen to
      dense bundles of type I collagen fibers. Loose fibrillar areas of types I and III
      collagen were present after 24 weeks. Histologically, in horses killed after 2
      weeks, the tissue within the defect was a randomly oriented mass of fibrovascular
      tissue. In horses killed after 24 weeks the tissue within the defect resembled
      normal tendon tissue.

PMID- 4062013
TI  - Healing of surgically created defects in the equine superficial digital flexor
      tendon: effects of pulsing electromagnetic field therapy on collagen-type
      transformation and tissue morphologic reorganization.
AB  - The effect of pulsing electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy on the healing of
      surgically created defects in equine superficial digital flexor tendons was
      evaluated. Defects were created in both front superficial digital flexor tendons
      of 20 horses. The defect in 1 limb was exposed to a PEMF for 2 hours daily. The
      other limb served as a control. Histologic and immunofluorescent evaluations were
      done in horse killed at postsurgical weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24. Therapy with the
      PEMF significantly (P less than 0.05) delayed the maturation of the tissue formed
      within the defect at postsurgical weeks 8 and 12, as determined by histologic
      examination. The collagen-type transformation was also delayed by the PEMF
      therapy, but to a degree that was not significant.

PMID- 4062014
TI  - Normal and collapsed trachea in the dog: scanning electron microscopy study.
AB  - Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine canine tracheal cartilage and to
      determine the relationship between the fibrous and amorphous matrix in this
      tissue. Collapsed tracheal (CT) cartilage was hypocellular, compared with normal
      tracheal cartilage. The amorphous matrix of CT cartilage had a porous, fissured
      texture and did not have the homogeneous appearance of normal tracheal cartilage.
      Capillaries were seen to pass through CT cartilage. Randomly distributed
      connective tissue fibers, evident in CT cartilage matrix, were frequently
      attached to irregular shapes and sizes of amorphous matrix.

PMID- 4062015
TI  - Estimation of quantitative proteinuria in the dog, using the urine protein-to
      creatinine ratio from a random, voided sample.
AB  - The correlation between 24-hour urine protein excretion and the protein-to
      creatinine ratio (U-P/C) from random, voided urine specimens was assessed in 16
      healthy Beagles (9 to 11 months old) and in 14 dogs with suspected renal
      proteinuria. Initially, a voided urine specimen was obtained from each dog, and
      the U-P/C was determined. An attempt was not made to standardize the time of
      collection of the voided urine. Subsequently, each dog was placed in a metabolism
      cage, and 24-hour urine specimens were collected for quantitative protein
      analysis. The Coomassie blue technique was used to measure urine protein. The
      correlation between the U-P/C and the 24-hour urine protein excretion (mg/kg/24
      hr), evaluated by linear-regression analysis, was found to be significant (r =
      0.975, P less than 0.01). These results substantiate previous findings and
      indicate that random, voided urine specimens may be used to compute the ratio and
      to accurately reflect 24-hour urinary protein loss in the dog.

PMID- 4062016
TI  - Extracutaneous histologic changes accompanying zinc deficiency in pups.
AB  - The extracutaneous tissues in pups fed a Zn-deficient diet were examined. Four
      pups were fed a Zn-deficient diet and 3 littermates were fed a Zn-adequate diet.
      After 5 weeks, the pups were euthanatized. Lesions found only in pups fed a Zn
      deficient diet were located in the buccal mucosa, lymph nodes, spleen, and
      thymus. In the buccal mucosa, lesions consisted of irregular epithelial
      hyperplasia and disruption of epithelial cell layers. There was a marked absence
      of lymphocytes in the thymus and in T-cell areas of the lymph nodes and spleen.

PMID- 4062017
TI  - Canine Rocky Mountain spotted fever: a kennel epizootic.
AB  - Within a period of 5 consecutive days after the initial observation of illness
      was made, 7 of 12 Siberian Husky dogs developed clinical signs of Rickettsia
      rickettsii infection. One dog died and was necropsied. Clinical signs of
      infection consisted of lethargy, anorexia, ocular and nasal discharges, and
      neurologic disorder (incoordination and rolling). Scleral blood vessel injection,
      fever, lymphadenomegaly, splenomegaly, and increased bronchovesicular lung sounds
      were prominent findings. Clinical laboratory test results identified decreased
      platelet numbers, variable neutrophil counts, increased serum alkaline
      phosphatase activity, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and bilirubinuria. Diagnosis of
      Rocky Mountain spotted fever was confirmed by serologic evaluation of acute and
      convalescent sera, using the micro-immunofluorescence technique, and R rickettsii
      antigen was determined by demonstration of intracellular rickettsial organisms in
      vascular endothelial cells of brain and lung (stained with carbol-basic fuchsin
      and aqueous malachite green) and by demonstration of spotted fever-group
      rickettsiae in tissues by direct fluorescent antibody technique. Near
      simultaneous naturally occurring tick-borne infection of 7 dogs with R rickettsii
      documents an unreported occurrence.

PMID- 4062018
TI  - Indirect auscultatory systolic and diastolic pressures in the anesthetized dog.
AB  - The auscultatory method was used to obtain indirect systolic and diastolic
      pressures in 13 dogs anesthetized with either halothane or sodium pentobarbital
      (30 mg/kg of body weight). Korotkoff sounds were obtained, using a 1-cm
      (diameter) piezoelectric element cemented to the inner surface of a pediatric
      cuff (width 5.5 cm) which was placed on a shaved thoracic limb (membrum
      thoracicum). The signal from the piezoelement was amplified by a differential
      amplifier (30 to 200 Hz) and a commercially available audio amplifier. Indirect
      pressure (I) was compared with direct pressure (D) in the brachial, femoral, or
      carotid artery. The linear regression lines and correlation coefficients (r) for
      the data were as follows: systolic, I = 0.94 (D) + 1.1, r = 0.98; diastolic, I =
      0.99 (D) + 3.2, r = 0.99. The quality of the Korotkoff sounds and the accuracy of
      the determinations were best in the halothane-anesthetized dogs. These results
      indicate that indirect auscultatory systolic and diastolic pressures are in
      excellent agreement with the directly measured pressures.

PMID- 4062019
TI  - Enhancement of resistance of lambs to Haemonchus contortus by previous infection
      with Ostertagia circumcincta.
AB  - Two experiments were performed to determine whether previous infection of young
      lambs with Ostertagia circumcincta increased their resistance to the development
      of Haemonchus contortus and to explore alterations in the microenvironment of the
      abomasum related to the interaction. The parasitic infections were monitored with
      periodic fecal egg counts and by recovery and enumeration of parasites at
      necropsy of the lambs. Alteration of the microenvironment was examined by
      measurement of serum gastrin concentrations at critical times during both
      experiments. The results indicated that the numbers of H contortus were
      significantly (P less than 0.05) less in lambs which had O circumcincta
      infections before their exposure to H contortus. There was less reduction in
      lambs from which O circumcincta was removed (anthelmintic therapy) before their
      exposure to H contortus. Fecal egg counts also were significantly (P less than
      0.05) less in the former group of lambs (exposed to both parasites) than those in
      lambs exposed only to H contortus. Serum gastrin values were significantly (P
      less than 0.05) increased in lambs infected with O circumcincta and indicated
      that the interaction observed could be due, in part, to alteration of abomasal
      pH.

PMID- 4062020
TI  - Effect of disulfiram in experimentally induced vitamin E deficiency myopathy in
      lambs.
AB  - Vitamin E deficiency myopathy (white muscle disease) was induced in 14 suckling
      lambs (2 experiments; 7 lambs/experiment) by addition of cod liver oil to the
      diet. Disulfiram, an antioxidant, was administered orally once each day to 8 of
      the 14 lambs at 2 different doses. Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity was
      measured weekly for 5 weeks. Increased CK activity was evident in some lambs
      beginning at week 3. By week 4, serum CK was abnormally increased in 5 of the 6
      nontreated lambs (ie, disulfiram not given) and in 4 of the 8 treated lambs. The
      combined disulfiram groups had significantly lower serum CK values during the
      study (P less than 0.05). Serum alpha-tocopherol, measured on samples from week 5
      for lambs of experiment 1, was significantly higher in treated lambs (P less than
      0.01). Microscopic examination of the vastus lateralis muscle indicated that the
      most severe lesions, consistent with nutritional myopathy, were seen in
      nontreated lambs. Therefore, disulfiram may have an antioxidant effect in lambs
      with vitamin E deficiency.

PMID- 4062021
TI  - Chromosomal evaluation of a ewe lamb with atresia ani vaginalis.
AB  - Chromosomes of a ewe lamb born with atresia ani vaginalis were examined after a
      72-hour culture of peripheral whole blood. The 2n number of chromosomes was
      54,XX, with no apparent deviation from normality. Pedigree analysis of the ewe
      lamb indicated that her sire and dam were only slightly related (Rsd = 0.59%);
      therefore, the amount of inbreeding of the lamb was small (Fx = 0.30%).

PMID- 4062022
TI  - Campylobacter sputorum subsp mucosalis and Campylobacter hyointestinalis
      infections in the intestine of gnotobiotic pigs.
AB  - At 4 days of age, 7 gnotobiotic pigs were orally inoculated with broth cultures
      of both Campylobacter sputorum subsp mucosalis (CSM) and Campylobacter
      hyointestinalis (CH). One pig was killed and evaluated each week for 7 weeks.
      Forty-eight hours after inoculation, CH and CSM were recovered from the feces of
      the pigs; thereafter, only CH was recovered. Organisms morphologically typical of
      Campylobacter sp were observed on the mucosal surface and on the crypt epithelial
      cells of the ileum, cecum, and colon from post-inoculation weeks (PIW) 2 through
      7. Bacteria were clustered around the surface opening of goblet cells in pigs at
      PIW 6 and 7. Crypt epithelial cell proliferation and intracellular bacteria were
      not seen, except in 1 pig (killed at PIW 7) in which intracellular bacteria were
      seen only in the cecum. Therefore, CSM and CH did not induce porcine
      proliferative enteritis in gnotobiotic pigs.

PMID- 4062023
TI  - Oral lactose tolerance test in foals: technique and normal values.
AB  - Oral lactose tolerance tests were evaluated in 25 healthy foals (principals)
      assigned to 4 groups of approximately 1 week, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks of
      age. Lactose monohydrate (1 g/kg of body weight [in a 20% water solution]) was
      administered via nasogastric tube after a 4-hour fast. Plasma glucose
      concentrations were monitored before dosing (0 minutes) and sequentially for 300
      minutes. Six control foals were given a volume of water equivalent to the volume
      of lactose monohydrate administered to principal foals. After oral lactose
      loading, mean plasma glucose concentrations of all principal foals increased from
      99.76 mg/dl at 0 minutes to 176.80 mg/dl by 90 minutes. Peak increases in plasma
      glucose concentrations were attained by 8% of the foals (2 foals) at 30 minutes,
      76% (19 foals) at 60 minutes, and 16% (4 foals) at 90 minutes. The mean plasma
      glucose concentration increase of principal foals, regardless of age or time of
      peaking, was 77.04 mg/dl. There was no significant (P greater than 0.05)
      difference in fasting plasma glucose concentrations (0 minutes) among the 4
      groups of principal foals or between principal and control foals; however, there
      was a significant (P less than 0.05) difference in peak glucose concentrations
      between 1-week-old and 12-week-old principal foals, with the older foals having
      the higher concentrations. Mean plasma glucose concentrations of control foals
      decreased from 79.67 mg/dl at 0 minutes to 55.17 mg/dl by 180 minutes. The mean
      peak decrease in plasma glucose concentrations of control foals, regardless of
      time of peaking, was 24.50 mg/dl.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4062024
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of Corynebacterium (Rhodococcus)
      equi infection in foals.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to diagnose Corynebacterium
      (Rhodococcus) equi infection in foals. In tests done with different antigen
      extraction procedures (sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium deoxycholate, polyoxy
      ethylene [9] p-tert-octylphenol, polyoxy-ethylene [9-10] p-tert-octylphenol,
      sonification, homogenization, and heat treatment at 121 C), Tween 20 was a
      satisfactory reactive antigen. Using hyperimmune rabbit sera or infected foal
      sera, we investigated the specificity and the sensitivity of the ELISA with the
      Tween 20 antigen of the different serotypes or of the isolates. Corynebacterium
      equi strain ATCC 6939 antigen had the best activity for detecting antibodies to C
      equi in foals. Sera from 218 healthy horses, 11 healthy foals, 17 healthy newborn
      foals, a foal with suspected C equi infection, and 5 infected foals were
      evaluated for antibodies to C equi, using ELISA. The optical density values of
      206 healthy horses, 17 healthy newborn foals, and 9 healthy foals were less than
      0.1. Infected foal sera, except from foal 3, and serum from a foal with suspected
      C equi infection had higher optical density values. Using ELISA, specific
      antibodies against C equi were detected in a naturally infected 6-week-old foal
      after the foal had a rapid increase in the number of bacteria in the feces and
      after the initial development of clinical signs of illness at 5 weeks of age.
      Therefore, ELISA was useful for the early diagnosis of C equi infection in foals.

PMID- 4062025
TI  - In vitro phagocytosis and killing of Corynebacterium equi by alveolar macrophages
      of foals.
AB  - Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 5 times, sequentially, on 3 healthy foals
      while each foal was 6 to 63 days of age. Phagocytosis and bactericidal assays
      were performed on recovered alveolar macrophages. Corynebacterium equi and
      alveolar macrophages at a ratio of 10:1 were incubated for 1 hour in medium
      containing 1% heat-inactivated rabbit anti-C equi serum. After incubation,
      greater than 90% of the alveolar macrophages contained at least 1 ingested
      bacterium and each alveolar macrophage contained 9.4 +/- 1.0 bacteria (mean +/-
      SE). After alveolar macrophages and C equi were incubated for 1 hour in medium
      containing heat-inactivated pooled normal horse serum, approximately 24% of the
      alveolar macrophages contained at least 1 bacterium and each alveolar macrophage
      contained 0.8 +/- 0.7 bacteria. From 6 to 61 days of age, each foal had
      significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased phagocytic activity by alveolar
      macrophages, but a significant change in killing of C equi by alveolar
      macrophages was not found in the foals from 21 to 61 days of age. After
      incubating alveolar macrophages and C equi for 4 hours in vitro, approximately
      75% of ingested C equi remained viable.

PMID- 4062026
TI  - Enhanced biliary bilirubin excretion after heparin-induced erythrocyte mass
      depletion.
AB  - The effect of large-dose heparin therapy on erythrocyte mass depletion in ponies
      was investigated to determine whether stimulation of reticuloendothelial cell
      activity and catabolic function would be evidenced by enhanced catabolism of heme
      to bilirubin. Ponies with chronic external biliary fistula were used to examine
      biliary excretion of bilirubin both before and after heparin loading (107 U/kg,
      IV, plus 320 U/kg, subcutaneously) and at maintenance dosages of 320 U/kg given
      (subcutaneously) at 12 and 24 hours after initial loading with heparin. Results
      indicated that by 48 hours after ponies were first treated with heparin,
      catabolism of heme increased, resulting in a 35% increase in plasma bilirubin
      concentration and a 65% enhancement in biliary bilirubin excretion. During this
      period, both hematocrit and blood hemoglobin concentrations decreased by 35%.
      After the last heparin treatment at 24 hours after initial heparin loading, all
      measured variables returned toward base line within 48 hours. These studies
      indicated that heparin augments phagocytosis of erythrocytes, resulting in
      enhanced plasma bilirubin concentration and biliary bilirubin excretion.

PMID- 4062027
TI  - Effects of dietary supplementation with ethoxyquin, magnesium oxide, methionine
      hydroxy analog, and B vitamins on tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) toxicosis in
      beef cattle.
AB  - Dried tansy ragwort containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids was fed as 2.5% of a
      complete (control) diet to Hereford steers, with and without (basal) a mixture of
      additives. The additives provided a dietary supplement equivalent to 0.1%
      ethoxyquin, 1% methionine hydroxy analog, 2% MgO, 2.7 mg of vitamin B6/kg of
      diet, 50 micrograms of vitamin B12/kg of diet, 0.45 g of folic acid/kg of diet,
      and 0.2 g of cobalt/kg of diet. The additives did not alter tansy ragwort
      toxicity substantially, as assessed by liver histologic changes,
      sulfobromophthalein clearance rate, and serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
      activity. After 281 days, 1 of 4 steers fed the basal diet was alive, whereas 3
      of 4 steers in the basal plus additives group were alive, suggesting some
      protective activity. The chronic lethal dose of tansy ragwort in steers was 3.6%
      of initial body weight.

PMID- 4062028
TI  - Experimentally induced ostertagiosis in rabbits inoculated with Ostertagia
      ostertagi of bovine origin.
AB  - Weanling specific-pathogen-free rabbits were orally inoculated with 50,000
      Ostertagia ostertagi 3rd-stage infective larvae cultured from bovine feces and
      were killed 42 days after inoculation. Two preliminary trials were done, using
      conventionally reared weanling rabbits inoculated with 2,500, 5,000, and 50,000 O
      ostertagi 3rd-stage larvae and dexamathasone in 1 of the trials; the rabbits were
      killed 14 and 28 days after inoculation. Fecal egg counts were monitored, and
      worm burdens were determined. The pH of the gastric contents was measured at
      necropsy. Recoveries of the parasite from the gastric mucosa comprised early 4th
      stage larvae and larvae that had developed beyond the early 4th stage. The
      maximum worm burden established at 42 days after inoculation was 1,668 immature
      nematodes or 3.34% of the inoculum. Gross and microscopic gastric lesions were
      present. Gross nodular mucosal elevations, which tended to be confluent in the
      cardiac region, were observed. Microscopic changes were principally mucosal
      hyperplasia, focal lymphocyte accumulation with moderate glandular dilation, and
      slight variable eosinophil and plasma cell accumulation. The pathologic changes
      had characteristics similar to those in cattle infected with O ostertagi and
      other conditions characterized by gastric mucosal hyperplasia.

PMID- 4062029
TI  - Light and electron microscopic comparisons of cutaneous fibromas in white-tailed
      and mule deer.
AB  - Cutaneous fibromas of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), when compared
      with normal skin of the same species, had a thinner basement membrane; thickened
      stratum spinosum with numerous melanocytes, desmosomes, polyribosomes, and
      tonofilaments; focal hyperplasia of the stratum granulosum containing numerous
      large, electron-dense keratohyalin granules with irregular borders and containing
      occasional cells with diffuse intranuclear virus particles; and a moderately
      thickened stratum corneum with (although rarely) small crystalline arrays of
      virus particles. Normal mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) skin was structurally
      similar to that of the white-tailed deer. Mule deer fibromas were similar to
      those in white-tailed deer, except for diffuse thickening of the stratum
      granulosum (the cells of which contained large keratohyalin granules of various
      electron densities with occasional composite granules) and except for a markedly
      thickened stratum corneum that contained numerous intranuclear viral inclusions.
      In negatively stained homogenates of tumors from both deer species, viral
      particles resembled papillomaviruses.

PMID- 4062030
TI  - Clavulanic acid-potentiated activity of amoxicillin against Bacteroides fragilis.
AB  - Seventy-seven clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis from animal sources were
      examined for beta-lactamase production and resistance to amoxicillin. Sixty-five
      (84%) of the isolates produced detectable amounts of beta-lactamase.
      Concentrations of amoxicillin greater than 8 micrograms/ml were required to
      inhibit all but 13 (17%) of the isolates evaluated. Clavulanic acid, a beta
      lactamase inhibitor, minimally inhibited growth of B fragilis when used alone.
      However, a synergistic effect was found when amoxicillin and clavulanic acid were
      used together against B fragilis. Ninety-nine percent of the isolates were
      inhibited by concentrations of 1 microgram of amoxicillin/ml in combination with
      0.5 microgram of clavulanic acid/ml.

PMID- 4062031
TI  - Erythrocyte volume distribution in rainbow trout.
AB  - Reference mean corpuscular volume and volume heterogeneity values for
      erythrocytes of 23 rainbow trout were measured, using an electronic particle
      counter, and were analyzed, using a particle-size analyzer and microcomputer. The
      mean (+/- SD) erythrocyte count was 1.5 X 10(6) +/- 0.16 X 10(6)
      cells/microliter, the mean corpuscular volume was 346 +/- 25 fl, and the mean
      coefficient of variation of erythrocyte volumes was 29 +/- 2.3%. All erythrogram
      curves were skewed to the right, representing a mean of 15.6 +/- 3.5% of the
      total cells counted.

PMID- 4062032
TI  - In the beginning was the "name".

PMID- 4062033
TI  - Rape trauma syndrome evidence in court.

PMID- 4062034
TI  - Cyclosporine immunomodulation in a rabbit model of chronic hypersensitivity
      pneumonitis.
AB  - Rabbit models of chronic experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis and
      desensitization were used to evaluate the effects of systemic cyclosporine. When
      administered 12 to 18 h before each inhalational challenge with aerosolized
      antigen and the adjuvant muramyl dipeptide, cyclosporine suppressed the
      development of disease as well as the anamnestic antibody response, particularly
      in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. When administered at the time of sensitization
      only, cyclosporine suppressed the primary antibody response but not the
      anamnestic antibody response or the disease. Antigen- and mitogen-induced
      blastogenesis was inhibited by cyclosporine in vitro, but antigen-specific
      blastogenesis was not abrogated by cyclosporine previously administered in vivo.
      These results indicate that cyclosporine caused profound immunomodulation in this
      model, which can be at least partially explained by transient suppressive effects
      on T cells, particularly the helper/inducer and delayed hypersensitivity
      subset(s).

PMID- 4062035
TI  - Patterns of spirogram abnormality in individual smokers.
AB  - Dynamic ventilatory function was measured in 147 male and 212 female smokers with
      a mean age of 39.3 and 42.5 yr, respectively. The results were compared with
      values predicted from the results of control subjects who had never smoked, and
      deviation from predicted was expressed as a standardized residual (SR). Although
      the flow indices FMF, FEF50, and FEF75 showed a substantial group change in SR
      for smokers, the distribution of SR indicated changes in the majority of smokers
      but did not favor the identification of individual subjects as being abnormal. By
      contrast, the distribution of SR for FEV1/FVC%, FEV3/FVC%, and the time domain
      indices alpha(1) 75%, MR90%, and mu favored the identification of subjects with
      marked abnormalities. These volume-standardized indices allowed the
      identification of 2 patterns of spirometric abnormality prevalent among smokers.
      Pattern 1 showed changes predominantly in the first 75% of FVC and Pattern 2
      showed changes generally confined to the tail of the spirogram; 15% of the female
      and 14% of the male smokers had Pattern 1 abnormalities, with only 4% of both the
      female and male smokers showing Pattern 2. These results appear more consistent
      with the "Dutch hypothesis" and not the "small airways hypothesis" concerning the
      development of chronic air-flow limitation in smokers.

PMID- 4062036
TI  - Time domain spirogram indices. Their variability and reference values in
      nonsmokers.
AB  - A cross-sectional population survey of dynamic ventilatory lung function was
      performed to determine the variability of and reference values for time domain
      spirogram indices. The reference population comprised 83 men and 143 women who
      were healthy nonsmokers. The time domain indices were derived from the blow with
      the largest sum of FVC and FEV1. Prediction equations for FEV1 and mean flow
      between 25 and 75% FVC were little influenced by methods for selecting the data
      from the 3 blows recorded. The variability of the first 2 moments of the
      spirogram increased with age, requiring a log transformation for regression
      analysis. Prediction equations for conventional and time domain spirometric
      indices are presented and reference values are proposed based on an estimated
      percentile derived from the predicted value and the residual standard deviation
      from regression. Two time domain indices are identified that may prove better
      suited than conventional indices for identifying abnormalities in the tail of the
      spirogram.

PMID- 4062038
TI  - Effects of 10% formalin fixation on fixed lung volume and lung tissue shrinkage.
      A comparison of eleven laboratory species.
AB  - This species comparative study examined tissue shrinkage from a known physiologic
      lung volume through to the processed histologic section. Eleven mammalian species
      with body weights that spanned 3 orders of magnitude were studied. Air pressure
      volume curves were determined to obtain total lung capacity (TLC) at 30 cmH2O.
      The lungs were then fixed by airway filling at 25 cmH2O pressure, and a
      displacement fixed lung volume was determined. Linear dimensions were
      systematically measured on fixed tissue blocks, embedded tissue blocks, and
      stained sections. Results indicated that the ratio of fixed lung volume to TLC
      ranged between 0.6 and 2.0. The corresponding ratios for linear dimensions ranged
      between 0.8 and 1.3 for all species. Histologic processing caused further
      shrinkage; the ratios of linear dimensions measured after and to those measured
      before processing ranged between 0.6 and 0.7. Thus, the degree of fixed lung
      volume achieved relative to TLC varies considerably more among species than does
      the histologic shrinkage caused by processing. We conclude that measurement of
      these changes in lung dimensions caused by fixation and histologic processing in
      the different species is essential, particularly in quantitative interspecies
      physiologic studies.

PMID- 4062037
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage in ponies with recurrent airway obstruction (heaves).
AB  - We performed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in 2 groups of ponies. Principal ponies
      had a history of heaves, a disease characterized by recurrent airway obstruction
      and airway hyperreactivity when ponies are housed in a barn and fed hay; control
      ponies had no history of airway obstruction. Ponies were paired (principal and
      control), and BAL was performed after 2 months of being pastured when principal
      ponies were in clinical remission (Period A), after barn housing when principal
      ponies had acute airway obstruction (Period B), and after a 1- and a 2-wk
      recovery phase of pasture grazing (Periods C and D). At Periods A, C, and D,
      white blood cell counts and immunoglobulin/albumin ratios in peripheral blood and
      BAL fluid of principal and control animals did not differ. Peripheral blood white
      cell counts and immunoglobulin/albumin ratios were unaffected by barn exposure
      and return to pasture. However, at Period B, neutrophil numbers in the BAL fluid
      were increased in the principal but not in the control animals. The IgG/albumin
      ratio of the principal animals increased at Period C. We conclude that in ponies
      with a history of heaves, barn exposure results in increased neutrophils in BAL
      fluid. In this pony model of lung disease, pulmonary leukostasis follows a time
      course similar to that of airway obstruction and airway hyperreactivity.

PMID- 4062039
TI  - Lingular lung biopsy: is it representative?
AB  - Some investigators feel that the lingula should be avoided as a site of open lung
      biopsy because of the assumed prevalence of nonspecific changes. We sought to
      judge the validity of the lingular biopsy by examining specimens of the lingula
      and left lower and right upper lobes from 50 consecutive unselected autopsies.
      Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome and were
      examined for the extent of fibrosis, pulmonary vascular changes, and acute and
      chronic inflammation. Using both a morphometric and a semiquantitative grading
      system (r = 0.80), we noted that both fibrosis and pulmonary vasculopathy were
      more evident in the lingula than in either of the 2 other lung segments (p less
      than 0.05 ANOVA, Newman-Keul test). There was no difference between the lingula
      and other segments for either acute or chronic inflammation (p greater than
      0.10), and there was no difference in any of the morphologic parameters between
      the right upper and left lower lobes (p greater than 0.10). We conclude that the
      lingula shows nonspecific changes and thus may not be a valid biopsy site.

PMID- 4062040
TI  - Effective sites by sympathetic beta-adrenergic and vagal nonadrenergic inhibitory
      stimulation in constricted airways.
AB  - In an attempt to identify the site and nature of nonadrenergic inhibitory nervous
      regulation in airways, we studied the relative effectiveness of the nervous
      system in reversing bronchoconstriction along various generations of airways by
      comparing it with that seen during sympathetic (beta-adrenergic) stimulation in 9
      cats. After giving atropine (3 mg/kg), airway dimensions were obtained from
      roentgenograms after insufflation of powdered tantalum. Baseline
      bronchoconstriction was then induced by an intravenous infusion of serotonin (50
      to 250 micrograms/kg/min). Electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerves
      inhibited constriction throughout the airways from trachea down to bronchioli
      less than 0.5 mm in diameter, with the maximal effect in airways 1 to 4 mm in
      diameter. The vagi were then stimulated after blocking the adrenergic inhibitory
      nervous system with propranolol (2 mg/kg). The distribution and potency of the
      remaining nonadrenergic inhibitory nerve's effect on airway constriction induced
      by serotonin was comparable to that obtained with sympathetic stimulation. We
      conclude that the nonadrenergic inhibitory nerves preferentially dilate the
      midsized airways, which essentially correspond to the sites maximally constricted
      by vagal stimulation without atropine. The largest (tracheal) and the peripheral
      airways (less than 1 mm in diameter) are only slightly affected by either
      inhibitory system.

PMID- 4062041
TI  - Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide. The effects of different derivations of
      breathhold time and alveolar volume and of carbon monoxide back pressure on
      calculated results.
AB  - The effect of deriving breathhold time and alveolar volume in different ways and
      of subtracting the back pressure of carbon monoxide on the calculated diffusing
      capacity (DLCO) was examined in 398 young adult smokers, ex-smokers, and
      nonsmokers. Significantly higher values were obtained when the recommendations of
      the ATS-DLD Epidemiology Standardization Project were followed for calculating
      breathhold time and alveolar volume, respectively, compared to following those of
      the ECCS Standardized Lung Function Testing Project. We therefore recommend that
      in reporting DLCO results, an explicit statement be included on the methods used
      to calculate both. Significantly higher values for DLCO were also obtained when
      CO back pressure was taken into account. The magnitude of this effect in smokers
      makes it difficult not to recommend its inclusion in epidemiologic studies. In
      clinical laboratories, however, when correction for CO back pressure is omitted,
      it is unlikely to result in an underestimate of DLCO of more than 5%, even in
      smokers.

PMID- 4062042
TI  - Stability of stored histamine diphosphate solutions. Clinically useful
      information.
AB  - Histamine bronchoprovocation challenge has been shown to be extremely safe and
      useful as both a clinical diagnostic test and as a research tool in the study of
      bronchial asthma. Despite its widespread usage, information on the stability of
      histamine diphosphate (HDP) solutions has been lacking. We therefore studied the
      stability of HDP solutions as a function of time, concentration, fluorescent
      light exposure, and sterility. Our results indicated that HDP solutions between
      2.76 and 22.10 mg/ml (histamine base, 1 to 8 mg/ml) show no evidence of
      degradation over a 4-month period when kept at 12 degrees C, unless gas
      sterilization techniques were used in preparing the solutions bacterial
      contamination was frequent, and at lower concentrations (i.e., between 0.08 and
      0.28 mg/ml) HDP solutions that became contaminated with bacteria showed complete
      degradation within 9 to 11 wk of their preparation.

PMID- 4062043
TI  - Cigarette smoking and health.
AB  - Cigarette smoking is the major preventable cause of increased mortality and
      premature disability in the United States. Smoking is a proven cause of coronary
      heart disease, chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and lung and other cancers.
      Maternal smoking is associated with low infant birth weight, increased perinatal
      mortality, and several complications of pregnancy. Passive smoking is associated
      with increased incidence of lower respiratory tract infections in very young
      children and may increase the risk of lung cancer in the nonsmoker. Smoking
      cessation is difficult because of nicotine addiction and psychological and social
      factors. Physicians and other health professions must be active both in helping
      people quit smoking and in preventing nonsmokers from starting. We recommend a
      national effort focused on preventing young people from starting to smoke.

PMID- 4062044
TI  - Health effects of smoking on children.

PMID- 4062045
TI  - Prevalence of radiographic appearance of pneumoconiosis in an unexposed blue
      collar population.

PMID- 4062046
TI  - Prediction of therapeutic response in steroid-treated pulmonary sarcoidosis.

PMID- 4062047
TI  - From sea urchins to chromosomes and cancer.

PMID- 4062048
TI  - Respiratory sensation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - Previous work has demonstrated that the perception of added resistive loads is
      blunted in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is not
      clear, however, whether this is due to reduced levels of respiratory muscle force
      during loaded breathing or to a specific abnormality in respiratory sensation. In
      the present study, the psychophysical technique of magnitude scaling was used to
      evaluate the sensation of external resistive and elastic ventilatory loads as
      well as the perception of inspired volume and inspiratory muscle force in 14
      patients with COPD and in 12 normal subjects of similar age. The exponents of the
      power function relationships between load magnitude and sensation intensity for
      both resistive and elastic loads were significantly reduced in the patients with
      COPD compared with those in the normal subjects. While breathing against any
      given ventilatory load, the peak inspiratory mouth pressure and inspiratory
      duration were comparable in the 2 groups. Thus, the exponents of the power
      function relationships between peak inspiratory mouth pressure and sensation
      intensity were significantly lower in the patients with COPD (0.92 +/- SE 0.17
      and 0.96 +/- SE 0.17 for resistive and elastic loads, respectively) compared with
      those obtained in the normal subjects (1.47 +/- SE 0.12 for resistive loads and
      1.52 +/- SE 0.17 for elastic loads) (p less than 0.05). In contrast, the
      perception of inspired volume and of respiratory muscle force during static
      inspiratory maneuvers as determined by magnitude estimation and production were
      no different in either group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4062049
TI  - Effects of a large carbohydrate load on walking performance in chronic air-flow
      obstruction.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether a single large liquid
      carbohydrate (CHO) load (920 calories) affects walking performance in patients
      with chronic air-flow obstruction (CAO). Walking performance was measured using
      the 12-min walking test. Fifteen patients with stable CAO (FEV1, 1.30 +/- 0.41 L;
      FVC, 3.26 +/- 0.46 L) underwent 12-min walking tests 40 min after ingestion of
      either CHO or placebo on consecutive days in randomized double-blind fashion.
      Three practice walks were performed on a preliminary day in order to eliminate
      learning effects. Resting measurements of ventilation (VE) and carbon dioxide
      output (VCO2) were obtained prior to each walking test. Carbohydrate
      significantly increased both VCO2 (from 0.288 +/- 0.060 to 0.372 +/- 0.057 L/min,
      p less than 0.001) and VE (from 15.2 +/- 3.5 to 18.5 +/- 3.1 L/min, p less than
      0.001) at rest. The total 12-minute walking distance decreased from 894 +/- 199
      to 847 +/- 191 m following CHO (p less than 0.005). This distance decreased in 14
      of the 15 study patients. The decrease in walking distance ranged from 1.5 to 168
      m (0.2 to 15.2%). From this study we conclude that a large liquid carbohydrate
      load adversely affects walking performance in patients with CAO. This potential
      impairment of functional capacity should be considered when caloric intake is
      increased in attempts to improve nutritional status in this patient population.

PMID- 4062050
TI  - Nifedipine dilates the pulmonary vasculature without producing symptomatic
      systemic hypotension in upright resting and exercising patients with pulmonary
      hypertension secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - Vasodilator therapy may lower pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with
      chronic air-flow limitation. However, the effects of these agents on left
      ventricular afterload, cardiac output, and bronchial smooth muscle could lower
      the calculated pulmonary vascular resistance without specifically affecting
      pulmonary vascular tone. In addition, systemic hypotension in the upright
      position and worsening ventilation/perfusion heterogeneity could limit their use.
      We determined the pulmonary driving pressure (pulmonary arterial-pulmonary
      arterial wedge pressure) to flow relationship, as well as the transmural
      pulmonary arterial pressure in 9 patients with severe chronic air-flow limitation
      with pulmonary hypertension while in a clinically stable condition. Measurements
      were made at rest and during 3 stages of progressively increasing upright
      exercise on a bicycle before and after a single 20-mg dose of nifedipine.
      Nifedipine displaced both the driving pressure to flow and the pulmonary arterial
      transmural pressure to flow relationships towards higher flows in every subject,
      suggesting an active vasodilation. In the upright position, PaO2 did not change,
      and the systemic arterial pressure was only mildly reduced. In patients with
      pulmonary hypertension from chronic air-flow limitation, acute administration of
      nifedipine to upright patients causes pulmonary, as well as systemic vasodilation
      without causing symptomatic hypotension or reducing arterial oxygenation.

PMID- 4062051
TI  - Collapsibility of the nasopharyngeal airway in obstructive sleep apnea.
AB  - To determine whether there is a relationship between pharyngeal airway
      collapsibility in awake subjects with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the
      degree of disordered breathing during sleep, we studied 11 men with OSA and 10
      normal men. Collapsibility of the nasopharyngeal airway was assessed by measuring
      nasopharyngeal resistance during the application of subatmospheric pressure. The
      pressure in a tightly fitting face mask was lowered at the end of expiration,
      drawing air out of the respiratory system and through the mask and a
      pneumotachygraph. Nasopharyngeal resistance was measured as the difference
      between mask and pharyngeal pressure divided by the flow rate. There was a highly
      significant correlation between nasopharyngeal resistance and both the number of
      apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep (r = 0.71, p less than 0.001) and the
      number of oxyhemoglobin desaturation episodes (greater than 4%) per hour of sleep
      (r = 0.80, p less than 0.001). We conclude that the pharyngeal airway of awake
      patients with sleep apnea is more collapsible and has a higher resistance than
      normal when subatmospheric pressure is applied, and that the level of resistance
      correlates with the degree of sleep-disordered breathing.

PMID- 4062052
TI  - The effects of nasal anesthesia on breathing during sleep.
AB  - Inability to breathe through the nose is an increasingly recognized cause of
      disordered breathing during sleep. To test the hypothesis that this respiratory
      dysrhythmia could result from loss of neuronal input to respiration from
      receptors located in the nose, we anesthetized the nasal passages of 10 normal
      men during sleep. Each subject spent 4 consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory
      while sleep stages, breathing patterns, respiratory effort, and arterial oxygen
      saturation were monitored. Night 1 was for acclimatization with Nights 3 and 4
      being randomized to nasal spraying with either 4% lidocaine or placebo. On the
      lidocaine and placebo nights (Nights 3 and 4) the nasal passages were also
      sprayed with a decongestant to prevent increased nasal air-flow resistance
      resulting from mucosal swelling. To control for the possible effects of this
      decongestant, an additional night (Night 2) was included during which the nasal
      passages were sprayed with room air. Parallel studies conducted during
      wakefulness demonstrated low nasal resistance during the lidocaine-decongestant
      regimen. Because of the short duration of anesthesia with lidocaine, spraying was
      done at lights out and 2.5 and 5 h later. On the placebo night (decongestant plus
      saline) there were 6.4 +/- 1.8 (SEM) disordered breathing events (apneas plus
      hypopneas) per subject, whereas with lidocaine (plus decongestant) this increased
      fourfold to 25.8 +/- 7.8 events per subject (p less than 0.05). The majority of
      the disordered breathing events were apneas and were fairly evenly distributed
      between central and obstructive events. The magnitude of these changes is similar
      to that previously reported with complete nasal obstruction. These results
      suggest that nasal receptors sensitive to air flow may be important in
      maintaining breathing rhythmicity during sleep.

PMID- 4062053
TI  - Increased numbers of hypodense eosinophils in the blood of patients with
      bronchial asthma.
AB  - We investigated the density of blood eosinophils from patients with asthma using
      polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silica gel (Percoll) discontinuous density gradient
      centrifugation of peripheral blood leukocytes. Ten patients with allergic asthma,
      10 normal subjects, and 2 patients with the hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) were
      studied. The density distribution profiles of eosinophils from normal subjects
      showed: (1) peaks at densities of 1.085 to 1.090 g/ml and (2) inflection points
      or nadirs near 1.082 g/ml, below which only 10% of eosinophils were found. On the
      basis of these results, we divided eosinophils into 2 subpopulations: normodense
      (greater than 1.082 g/ml) and hypodense (less than 1.082 g/ml). Densities of
      eosinophils from patients with asthma and HES peaked at 1.083 and 1.076 g/ml
      (mean values), respectively, significantly lighter than eosinophils from normal
      donors (p less than 0.005 and p less than 0.001, respectively). The proportions
      of hypodense eosinophils in patients with asthma and HES were 35 and 95%,
      respectively, and were significantly greater than that in normal donors (p less
      than 0.002 and p less than 0.001, respectively). The density distribution
      profiles of a normal subject were stable over time, but those of asthmatic
      patients varied with time. For the 22 participants, there was a positive
      correlation between log-transformed blood eosinophil counts and the percentage of
      hypodense eosinophils (r = +0.86, p less than 0.001). Similarly, for 15 of them,
      plasma eosinophil granule major basic protein correlated with the numbers of
      peripheral blood eosinophils (r = +0.92, p less than 0.0005) and hypodense
      eosinophils (r = +0.92, p less than 0.0005). Thus, a portion of the eosinophils
      in asthmatic patients and most of the eosinophils in patients with HES are
      hypodense.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4062054
TI  - Homeostatic regulation of bronchomotor tone by sympathetic activation during
      bronchoconstriction in normal and asthmatic humans.
AB  - It has been assumed previously that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) serves
      to antagonize bronchoconstrictor stimuli. To assess the homeostatic regulatory
      effect elicited by exogenously induced bronchoconstriction, we studied the effect
      of inhaled methacholine on the SNS response in 12 normal and 9 asthmatic humans.
      Exogenous SNS response was assessed as change in plasma epinephrine and
      norepinephrine concentrations from basal levels during inhalation challenge. A 74
      +/- 3% decrease in specific airway conductance (SGaw) (p less than 0.001) was
      induced in normal subjects and a 78 +/- 7% decrease in asthmatics by methacholine
      challenge (p less than 0.001). Neither plasma epinephrine nor norepinephrine
      increased significantly from basal concentrations in normal or asthmatic subjects
      after maximal challenge (p greater than 0.33). To determine if physiologically
      achievable epinephrine concentrations potentially could modulate
      bronchoconstriction, the effect of intravenously infused epinephrine was measured
      in 11 of these subjects. After the highest dose of methacholine, a 15-min
      intravenous infusion of epinephrine (0.06 micrograms/kg/min) caused an 85 +/- 7%
      increase in SGaw in normal subjects (p less than 0.02). In asthmatics, a 319 +/-
      68% increase in SGaw (p less than 0.002) was observed with similar changes in
      plasma epinephrine. Plasma epinephrine concentrations after infusion were
      comparable to those obtained in 4 normal and 1 asthmatic subject undergoing 60
      degree, head-up tilt 1 h after volume depletion with intravenously administered
      furosemide. We conclude that physiologic concentrations of epinephrine can
      modulate moderately severe bronchoconstriction. However, the SNS does not
      regulate bronchomotor tone during mild to moderate bronchoconstriction.

PMID- 4062055
TI  - Cecal necrosis in the dialysis-dependent patient.
AB  - Necrosis of the cecum occurs in various settings, including low-flow states.
      Cecal necrosis in two dialysis patients with documented, sustained hypotension is
      presented. Spontaneous left colon perforations, which have been previously
      reported in renal failure patients, were considered secondary to distention from
      constipation. The cecum may be more susceptible to ischemia than the remainder of
      the colon. Maximal distention develops at this point. With an associated low-flow
      state, in a possible watershed area, necrosis can occur. The diagnosis of cecal
      necrosis and perforation should be entertained in any dialysis patient with an
      acute abdomen. Early exploration may be necessary.

PMID- 4062056
TI  - Tenckhoff catheter placement: surgical aspects.
AB  - A 3-year retrospective review of 110 consecutive Tenckhoff catheter placements
      was undertaken. Major complications were found in 3.6 per cent of cases and minor
      complications occurred in 30 per cent. Analysis of cases in which catheters
      failed revealed that obesity and prior abdominal surgery occurred in 75 per cent
      of these patients. Attention to these factors and the use of appropriate
      techniques of placement and, in special situations, the use of endoscopy and
      fluoroscopy have reduced the failure rate of these high-risk situations.
      Management of infective complications are outlined and should include continued
      antibiotic dialysis and catheter replacement only if persistent peritonitis or
      fungal peritonitis occur. With these guidelines, improved peritoneal dialysis can
      be undertaken with less morbidity to the patient.

PMID- 4062057
TI  - Forearm arterial venous shunt for hemodialysis.
AB  - A new technique for creation of an arterial venous shunt for hemodialysis is
      described. The proximal radial artery is used for the arterial inflow anastomosis
      site instead of the brachial artery. The technique provides an adequate arterial
      inflow but avoids all the complications of utilization of the brachial artery in
      the forearm arterial venous shunt for hemodialysis.

PMID- 4062058
TI  - Muramyl dipeptide enhances in vitro peritoneal macrophage phagocytic activity.
AB  - There is little agreement as to the precise mechanism of action of muramyl
      dipeptide (MDP) despite a steadily unfolding series of experiments designed for
      clarification. This report further defines the role of MDP in nonspecific
      enhancement of host defenses by examining its effect on in vitro macrophage
      phagocytosis. Peritoneal macrophages were incubated in vitro with muramyl
      dipeptide. Phagocytic indices were determined using the iodination technique. The
      macrophages treated with MDP had a significant increase in their phagocytic
      function compared to control cells, adding to the understanding of the mechanism
      of action of MDP and raising the possibility of a trial peritonitis in humans.

PMID- 4062059
TI  - The surgical treatment of well-differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid.
AB  - Ninety-five surgically treated patients with well-differentiated carcinoma of the
      thyroid with an average of 11.2 years of follow-up were reviewed. Overall
      complications included 13% recurrence, 3% deaths due to thyroid cancer, 3%
      recurrent laryngeal nerve damage, and 2% hypoparathyroidism. Statistically
      significant prognostic findings included lower rates of recurrence and/or death
      among patients who were female, without lymph node involvement, or younger than
      45. In comparison with total thyroidectomy, subtotal thyroidectomy was associated
      with markedly higher rates of recurrence and death among Stage II+ patients. No
      such difference appeared among Stage I patients. No statistically significant
      differences or meaningful trends could be found in the recurrence or death rates
      for age, sex, and lymph node status-matched patients treated with total versus
      subtotal thyroidectomy. These findings suggest the use of age, sex, and staging
      criteria to decide between subtotal and total thyroidectomy in patients with
      localized, well-differentiated thyroid cancer. More specifically, females younger
      than 45 with small tumors and no clinical evidence of nodal involvement or
      metastases can be treated using subtotal thyroidectomy with some confidence that
      undue recurrence or death due to cancer will not result. This selective use of
      subtotal thyroidectomy would avoid the complications of total thyroidectomy,
      namely, bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve trauma and hypoparathyroidism, the
      latter being a particularly troublesome iatrogenic disease.

PMID- 4062060
TI  - Bowel obstruction following omental patching of aortic grafts.
AB  - Omental pedicle flaps are commonly interposed between aortic reconstructions and
      the nearby small bowel to prevent erosion, graft infection, and aortoenteric
      fistula. While the utility of this technique is intuitive rather than proven, it
      is easily performed and complications from this approach have rarely been
      reported. We report two patients in whom clinically significant intestinal
      herniation beneath such an omental pedicle flap occurred, necessitating relief of
      acute small bowel obstruction. A simple method of preventing this complication is
      proposed.

PMID- 4062061
TI  - A comparative analysis of the clinical, sialographic, and pathologic findings in
      parotid disease.
AB  - In review of the clinical and sialographic ability to predict parotid pathology,
      it was found that the clinical exam was consistently more accurate. Sialographic
      findings and histopathology were compared in 119 patients who underwent 120
      sialograms and subsequent parotidectomies. Sialography alone was able to diagnose
      a malignant tumor in only 8 per cent (1/13) of the cases. The sialogram proved
      most helpful for the clinician in the management of patients when the diagnosis
      was calculus, obstruction, or sialectasia. On the other hand, mass lesions in or
      adjacent to the parotid, diffuse enlargement of the gland, or conditions such as
      masseter muscle hypertrophy are probably better evaluated with newer CT
      techniques in conjunction with sialography or without sialography.

PMID- 4062062
TI  - Hepaticoduodenal fistula: an unusual complication of cholecystectomy.
AB  - This report appears to be the first documented post-cholecystectomy
      hepaticoduodenal fistula successfully corrected. This complication may be
      prevented by interposing the omentum between the liver and the duodenum at the
      time of any operation on the biliary system and the duodenum.

PMID- 4062063
TI  - Effects of 5-fluorouracil on the healing of bowel anastomosis in rats.
AB  - This study looks at the effects of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) on surgical wound
      healing. A small bowel anastomosis was done 10 cm distal to the duodenum in rats.
      5-FU was given by intramural infiltration on both sides of the suture line. Five,
      10, and 20 mg of 5-FU were given in single doses. The control groups were given
      normal saline in the same manner. All groups were examined on days 4, 7, 8, and
      12 postoperatively. The following methods were used to evaluate the anastomotic
      site: 1) bursting pressure measurements for tensile strength, 2) microangiography
      (micropaque), and 3) histopathologic sections. During the first 3 days
      postoperatively, the bowel had not healed sufficiently to permit significant
      bursting pressure measurements. Analysis of bursting pressure data and
      examination of the histopathologic sections showed no significant difference
      between the control groups and the 5-FU groups. Microangiography showed impaired
      dye distribution in the 5-FU groups during the first 4 to 6 days postoperatively.
      The control groups exhibited normal dye distribution. From day 7 on, the
      distribution in all groups became normal. Impaired dye distribution was the only
      measurable macroscopic change caused by intramural 5-FU administration. 5-FU
      injections had no apparent effect on anastomotic strength.

PMID- 4062064
TI  - Inhibitory amino acid effects upon cortical evoked potentials.
AB  - The amplitude of both P1 and N1 waves of the cortical evoked potentials are
      significantly increased by topical application of GABA and taurine but not of
      glycine. This suggests a possible depressant effect of both GABA and taurine at
      superficial cortical layers.

PMID- 4062065
TI  - [Cesium-157 in milk produced on farms of the Angra dos Reis Region, RJ].
AB  - The first Brazilian Nuclear Power Plant is located in the Angra dos Reis county,
      about 130 km West of Rio de Janeiro. Among the radionuclides that will be
      released to the environment by the Nuclear Plant, tritium and radioisotopes of
      Cs, I, Co and Sr are the ones of greatest potential impact on the local
      population. During the preliminary phase of the pre-operational environmental
      radiological program, 137Cs resulting from nuclear explosion fallout was detected
      in milk samples from only one farm, among the ones included in the monitoring
      program. This finfing seemed odd, leading to believe on the possibility of a soil
      anomaly on the region, in which 137Cs would be more available for plant uptake
      than in normal areas, as it has been observed in some areas in various countries.
      Trying to explain this issue, the Radioisotopes Laboratory of the Biophysics
      Institute and the Radioecology Laboratory of FURNAS decided to carry on a series
      of analyses of 137Cs in milk, pasture and soil collected in the four farms of the
      program. The results demonstrated the non-existence of a soil anomaly in the
      region regarding the 137Cs behavior Cesium-137 concentrations in milk varied from
      0.06 to 0.93 Bq/l but the differences of the average values in the four farms
      were not statistically significant. In one farm, occasional high peaks of 137Cs
      concentrations in milk were observed, which seemed to be related to the cattle
      management. Apparently during certain periods, the cattle grazes in sectors whose
      137Cs concentrations in soil and pasture are higher than in other areas of the
      same farm or the region, due to the influence of micro-climate and erosion of
      superficial soil.

PMID- 4062066
TI  - Alkaline cleavage of disulfide bonds in the black-eyed pea trypsin and
      chymotrypsin inhibitor.
AB  - The rate of production of thiol groups by alkaline cleavage of disulfide bonds in
      the black-eyed pea (Vigna unguiculata) trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor (BTCI)
      was determined from thiol quantitation with 5, 5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic
      acid), and increase in absorption at 240 nm. Rate constants were estimated at
      pH's 12.8, 13.0, 13.5, and 25 degrees C. At pH 13.0, the second-order rate
      constant was obtained as a function of temperature. The energy of activation was
      Ea = 10.7 kcal/mole, while the change in activation free energy was delta G not
      equal to = 21.6 kcal/mole. The results obtained fit the hydrolysis mechanism, in
      which S-S split occurs through a nucleophilic attack of a hydroxide ion on the
      disulfide bond. Urea (8M), unexpectedly, showed an effect of attenuation on the
      hydrolysis rate of disulfide bonds in BTCI.

PMID- 4062067
TI  - Dual nature of the peaks of light scattered during spreading depression in chick
      retina.
AB  - In this work some physical properties of the optical concomitants of spreading
      depression (SD) are investigated in isolated chick retinas. The two peaks of
      light scattering during the phenomenon were studied at various wavelengths of the
      illuminating light. It was shown that the first fast increase in light scattering
      is highly dependent on the wavelength and seems to be a "blue" scattering. The
      second slow peak, not so dependent, behaves as a "white" scattering. This implies
      in different underlying physical mechanisms for the two peaks. Based in this
      dissimilar behavior, using appropriate optical device and adding some substances
      to the maintaining Ringer solution it could be observed that the death of tissue
      is accompanied by a light scattering change comparable to the first peak of SD.
      The opalescence of the second peak is more similar to the opalescence caused by
      addition of NaCl to the Ringer in which the fragment of retina is maintained.

PMID- 4062068
TI  - [Child neurology].

PMID- 4062069
TI  - [Effect of the absence of vitamins in the diet on the excretion of giardia cysts:
      experimental study].
AB  - We have studied the effect of vitamin absence in the diet on the evolution of an
      experimental giardiasis in mice inoculated with Giardia muris cysts. Our study
      shows that although there is no decrease in the intestinal parasitation, the peak
      is delayed, and there is a significant decrease in the cysts elimination in
      stools. These features may have their clinical significance.

PMID- 4062070
TI  - [Chronology of the surgical repair of inguinal hernia in children].
AB  - We have made a revision of 243 cases of inguinal hernia operated in Children
      Surgery Department of the Military Hospital Gomez Ulla during five years. The
      conclusion of this work was that once the diagnostic is true the patient must be
      operated as soon as possible (two weeks). It should be dedicated special
      attention in case of previous crisis of hernia incarceration and when the
      symptoms are constipation, frequent cough, phimosis, constant irritability or
      others process with sudden increase of intraabdominal pressure. There is a
      description of "distension of intestinal as a sign", which exist in 11,11% of the
      preoperative studies, and "stomach chamber sign" present in 6,58%, both of them
      needs treatment as soon as possible. The 6,9% of the patients required a second
      operation because a new hernia in the contralateral side. We think about
      unjustified the bilateral systematic surgical exploration.

PMID- 4062071
TI  - [Value of routine preoperative tests in children].
AB  - To asses the value of preoperative tests in pediatric patients, a retrospective
      study of 722 surgical patients was undertaken. No unsuspected abnormalities or
      underlying diseases leading to the cancellation or postposition of surgery were
      found. Neither anaesthesia nor postoperatory complications were prevented by
      means of this procedure. We conclude that detailed anamnesis and physical
      examination are the most effective screening procedures and that radiologic and
      laboratory tests should be restricted to help in diagnosis and evaluation of the
      patient in emergency surgery and when the anamnesis, physical examination or a
      specific kind of surgery recommend it.

PMID- 4062072
TI  - [Pollen allergy in childhood].

PMID- 4062073
TI  - [Chronic juvenile arthritis as a form of presentation of hypogammaglobulinemia].
AB  - A seven years old boy with an hypogammaglobulinemia associated to a
      pauciarticular chronical juvenile arthritis, in which immunitary deficit
      diagnostic was made investigating his articular disease, is presented. Clinic,
      immunological screening, therapy and ulterior evolution with a two year
      substitutive immunoglobulin treatment are discussed. Authors also revise some
      aspects of these two diseases association.

PMID- 4062074
TI  - [Sarcoidosis in childhood. Presentation of a case in a very young child].
AB  - A case of sarcoidosis in a six months old male is reported. Clinical symptoms and
      biochemical and radiological data suggest involvement at least of three organs.
      Diagnosis was corroborated by pulmonary, hepatic an lymph node biopsy. Slight
      renal insufficiency appeared associated to hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria.
      Hyperaldosteronism also permits relationship with increased angiotensin-I
      converting enzyme activity. Pulmonary lesions at this age, were note-worthy in
      this case. Finally, evolution was favorable with prednisone. Patient presents no
      symptoms during follow-up for four years.

PMID- 4062075
TI  - [Risk factors in the development of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis].
AB  - A long-term study of six children suffering idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis
      (IPH) was realized, in order to evaluate prognostic factors and the best therapy.
      The treatment was initiated with prednisone 1-2 mg/kg/day which was gradually
      decreased until total suppression. Clinical remission was always achieved but
      relapses were frequently observed. All but one of the patients suffered more
      episodes which were controlled by the initial treatment. In three cases the
      additional use of immunosuppressors drugs was needed, chlorambucil 0.2 mg/kg/day
      during a period of 3-6 months or cyclophosphamide 2.5 mg/kg/day for four months,
      thereby obtaining a better control of the disease and also a decreased number of
      crises. Two patients died during acute exacerbations. It is suggested that the
      main risk factors are the male sex and onset before three years of age. The
      outcome was also worse when the first crisis was more severe.

PMID- 4062076
TI  - [Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia in a thalassemic girl].
AB  - We report a four-year-old girl, previously splenectomized because of thalassemia
      major, who was admitted with gastroenteritis, abdominal pain and high grade
      fever. At laparotomy she was found to have appendicitis and mesenteric adenitis.
      Blood and stool cultures grew yersinia enterocolitica. Clinical course was
      favourable under Ampicillin-Gentamycin treatment. The importance of iron
      metabolism in the pathogenesis of yersinia sepsis is stressed, being this topic
      reviewed.

PMID- 4062077
TI  - [Tuberculous peritonitis. Report of a case].

PMID- 4062078
TI  - [Benign familial neonatal convulsions, febrile crises and epilepsy. Their
      coincidence in a family].

PMID- 4062079
TI  - [Roberts' syndrome. Presentation of a case].

PMID- 4062080
TI  - [Autoimmune hemolytic anemias in children].

PMID- 4062081
TI  - [Autoimmune neutropenias].

PMID- 4062082
TI  - [Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura--autoimmune thrombocytopenia in children].

PMID- 4062083
TI  - [Autoimmune diseases in perinatal medicine].

PMID- 4062084
TI  - [Neonatal immune thrombopenia].

PMID- 4062085
TI  - Cardiac prognosis in noncardiac geriatric surgery.
AB  - Predictors of perioperative complications, including cardiac death, ventricular
      tachycardia or fibrillation, and heart failure or myocardial infarction, were
      assessed in an initial study of 100 patients aged 65 years or older scheduled for
      elective abdominal or noncardiac thoracic surgery. Preoperative history, results
      of physical examination, chest roentgenogram, electrocardiogram, laboratory data,
      Dripps (American Society of Anesthesiologists) class, and Goldman cardiac risk
      index were compared with rest and exercise radionuclide ventriculograms. Thirteen
      patients had perioperative cardiac complications, and 6 died. Multivariate
      analysis showed that an inability to do 2 minutes of bicycle exercise in the
      supine position to raise the heart rate above 99 beats/min (sensitivity 85%,
      specificity 64%) gave predictive information not available from clinical or
      radionuclide data. On prospective testing involving 55 additional geriatric
      patients, inability to exercise was the only independent predictor of
      perioperative complications (p less than 0.05). Data from rest and exercise
      radionuclide ventriculography added little information for predicting
      perioperative cardiac risk.

PMID- 4062086
TI  - Fiberoptic angioscopy: role in the diagnosis of chronic pulmonary arterial
      obstruction.
AB  - We evaluated the role of fiberoptic angioscopy in eight patients with suspected
      chronic pulmonary embolic obstruction of the pulmonary arteries. Angioscopy,
      preceded by ventilation-perfusion lung scans, right-heart catheterization, and
      pulmonary angiography, resulted in diagnostic changes in four patients: from
      pulmonary artery agenesis to chronic emboli; from chronic emboli to normal
      pulmonary arterial intima (primary pulmonary hypertension); from chronic
      pulmonary emboli to extrinsic compression of a major pulmonary artery (fibrosing
      mediastinitis); and from suspected agenesis or chronic emboli to a tumor
      (fibrosarcoma) of the pulmonary artery. Angioscopy also more accurately
      determined the extent and surgical accessibility of chronic embolic obstruction
      in the five patients with that disorder; as a result, we decided that the
      obstruction in one patient was inoperable. No significant complications occurred
      with angioscopy and we conclude that its direct visualization capability can
      contribute significantly to the diagnostic evaluation of suspected chronic
      pulmonary arterial obstruction.

PMID- 4062088
TI  - Ketoconazole therapy for endemic blastomycosis.
AB  - Amphotericin B is effective in therapy for blastomycosis but causes a number of
      serious adverse reactions. Because ketoconazole has in-vitro activity against
      Blastomyces dermatitidis, we administered this agent in a dosage of 400 mg/d to
      46 patients with blastomycosis, with 43 patients receiving at least 1 month of
      therapy. Thirty-five patients had cure without relapse over a mean follow-up of
      17 months. Six had a relapse of infection but 4 of these had been noncompliant
      with therapy. Two patients improved initially but ultimately had progression of
      disease despite maintenance of adequate serum levels. Adverse effects were common
      but not severe. Three patients with extensive infection died--2 had received only
      one dose of ketoconazole and 1 had received therapy for only 2 weeks. The cure
      rate in these patients suggests that ketoconazole may replace amphotericin B as
      the initial treatment of blastomycosis that is not overwhelming.

PMID- 4062087
TI  - Bone loss and reduced osteoblast function in primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - The association of bone loss with primary biliary cirrhosis is poorly understood.
      In 15 premenopausal female patients, only 2 of whom had fractures, mean bone
      mineral density was reduced at the lumbar spine but not at the midradius or
      distal radius. Bone loss was not statistically related to the duration or
      severity of liver disease. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion, an index for bone
      resorption, was not different from that of 15 age-matched normal women, but the
      serum concentration of bone Gla-protein (osteocalcin), a specific marker for bone
      turnover, was decreased (p less than 0.001). Bone histomorphometric examination
      in 13 patients showed no osteomalacia but a reduced bone formation rate despite
      normal values for fractional osteoblast-osteoid interface. The substantial early
      loss of trabecular bone is mediated by a severe reduction in osteoblast function,
      which may be caused by retained toxic substances associated with cholestasis.

PMID- 4062089
TI  - A waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in normal hosts.
AB  - In July 1984, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred in a suburban community in
      Texas. A random telephone survey of 100 of 1791 households in the community
      identified an attack rate of 34%. The outbreak was traced to contamination of the
      community water supply, an artesian well. Fecal coliforms were identified in
      untreated drinking water from the well during July. Stool examinations and
      serologic tests identified Cryptosporidium as the etiologic agent.
      Cryptosporidium should be added to the list of waterborne organisms capable of
      causing outbreaks of gastroenteritis.

PMID- 4062090
TI  - Bradycardia induced by interaction between quinidine and ophthalmic timolol.

PMID- 4062091
TI  - Skin tags as a marker for adenomatous polyps of the colon.

PMID- 4062092
TI  - Disaster preparedness. An international perspective.
AB  - Establishing a national disaster medical system requires considering the goals
      and appropriate expenditure levels for emergency preparedness. The United States
      has placed a relatively low priority on national programs for disaster response.
      Such programs have been controversial because of their relationship to civil
      defense against nuclear attack. Switzerland and the Soviet Union have long
      established, elaborate medical response systems that should be studied.

PMID- 4062093
TI  - A covenant between physician and patient. An innovation by a graduating class.
AB  - A class of medical school seniors desired more than the traditional graduation
      ceremony. They planned and presented a "baccalaureate service" to give voice to
      deeply felt concerns. A part of this service was a covenant in the form of a
      responsive reading between the new physicians and the public. The covenant,
      written for the occasion, encompasses mutual understanding and agreement between
      physician and patient, thereby avoiding pitfalls and anachronisms associated with
      traditional oaths and codes.

PMID- 4062094
TI  - Calcium and hypertension: the emerging connection.

PMID- 4062095
TI  - Calcium tablets for hypertension?

PMID- 4062096
TI  - Right-to-know laws and evaluation of toxicologic data.

PMID- 4062097
TI  - The risks from obesity.

PMID- 4062098
TI  - Overuse of pulmonary flow catheters.

PMID- 4062099
TI  - Scholarship in general internal medicine.

PMID- 4062100
TI  - Nurse-physician collaboration and outcomes for patients.

PMID- 4062101
TI  - Drug information for physicians.

PMID- 4062102
TI  - Furosemide and theophylline.

PMID- 4062103
TI  - Miscommunication with physicians.

PMID- 4062104
TI  - Bromocriptine in congestive heart failure.

PMID- 4062105
TI  - Edrophonium, ergonovine, and the diagnosis of chest pain.

PMID- 4062106
TI  - Complications of the Angelchik antireflux prosthesis.

PMID- 4062108
TI  - Radiation hazards from hemodialysis patients.

PMID- 4062107
TI  - Metoclopramide and depression.

PMID- 4062109
TI  - Desmopressin and hypotension.

PMID- 4062110
TI  - Adverse effects with acyclovir and meperidine.

PMID- 4062111
TI  - Carmustine and myelodysplasia.

PMID- 4062112
TI  - Hodgkin's disease in external mammary lymph nodes.

PMID- 4062113
TI  - Methylprednisolone and aplastic anemia.

PMID- 4062114
TI  - Metabolic characterization of obesity.
AB  - Body composition (adiposity) is a regulated characteristic with multicomponent
      controls having redundant and interconnecting loops. The nature of the relevant
      control processes and of their interactions is poorly understood. Components of
      the system include complex mechanisms controlling food intake; energy
      expenditure; and the production, location, and filling of adipocytes. Recent
      studies in humans have implicated three systems in this overall control process:
      systemic energy homeostasis, adipocyte-related substrate flux, and adrenoreceptor
      function in adipocytes. These studies indicate that the formerly obese state is
      characterized by changes in systemic energy expenditure and adipocyte metabolism
      that may favor regaining weight. The anatomic distribution of adipose tissue,
      influencing risk of metabolic complications at any absolute level of adiposity,
      may be partially controlled by the status of adrenergic receptors in the
      adipocytes of the relevant anatomic sites.

PMID- 4062115
TI  - Epidemiologic studies of obesity.
AB  - Epidemiologic methods quantitatively assess the relations between body weight and
      general or cause-specific morbidity and mortality. This research is especially
      difficult because of the complex interrelations between weight and diet, physical
      activity, cigarette smoking, blood pressure, diabetes, ischemic heart disease,
      and other conditions. The interactions are not easily summarized with available
      mathematical models. Weight may be either a dependent or an independent variable,
      according to the analysis. Epidemiologic studies of body weight are subject not
      only to biases of sampling and selection, but also marked difficulties in
      definition and measurement. There are variations of interpretation, sometimes
      even of the same set of data. However, epidemiology continues to uncover
      important information that is consistent across studies, and that may be used to
      formulate programs for disease prevention.

PMID- 4062116
TI  - Weight and thirty-year mortality of men in the Framingham Study.
AB  - Data from 30 years of biennial examinations and mortality information on the men
      who participated in the Framingham Study were analyzed to explore the relation
      between relative weight and longevity. Metropolitan Relative Weight, as measured
      at the baseline examination, was strongly related to mortality in the subsequent
      30 years, with men weighing between 100% and 109% having minimum mortality. In
      addition, interim relative weights were related to death in the next 2-year
      period by cross-sectional pooling analysis. Multivariate analysis showed a strong
      positive relationship between baseline relative weight and death occurring in any
      interval, despite an inverse relation between interim weight and death.
      Overweight (weight greater than 110%) nonsmoking men in the Framingham Study had
      30-year mortality rates up to 3.9 higher than men of desirable weight (weight,
      100% to 109%). No evidence was seen that weight gains during middle age increased
      longevity or that desirable weights increased with age.

PMID- 4062117
TI  - Epidemiology of obesity in relation to health hazards.
AB  - Examination of total mortality in relation to Metropolitan Relative Weight among
      2223 men followed for 30 years in the Framingham Heart Study shows that the
      duration of follow-up influences the nature of the relationship. During the first
      6 years, among nonsmokers, mortality and weight had an inverse relation, but as
      time goes on the relation becomes U-shaped with a minimum mortality at a relative
      weight of 100% to 109%. Similar relations are found among men who smoke. Time
      trends in national mortality rates, however, do not show a direct relation to
      national trends in mean body mass index. Caution is necessary in relating to the
      effects of changes in obesity levels in populations to indices of health and
      longevity.

PMID- 4062118
TI  - Mortality and weight: insured lives and the American Cancer Society studies.
AB  - Recent investigations of the relation of mortality to weight have involved more
      than 4 million insured persons in a study by insurance companies and over 1
      million men and women in a study by the American Cancer Society. These studies
      present a large volume of information on the effects of underweight and
      overweight on death rates of healthy middle-class Americans, free of the
      confounding effects of low socioeconomic status and associated health
      impairments. However, only the American Cancer Society's study separates findings
      by smoking status. These investigations indicate that the lowest mortality occurs
      among persons somewhat underweight and that mortality rises steadily as weight
      increases. The study of insured persons shows that among underweight persons
      mortality is relatively high initially but declines with time, whereas among
      overweight persons mortality is low initially but increases to distinctly higher
      levels after about 15 years.

PMID- 4062119
TI  - Impact of age on weight goals.
AB  - Although the health hazards due to excessive obesity and excessive leanness are
      multiple and diverse, weight recommendations for over 40 years have been based
      solely on the risk of dying. The weight recommendation tables in nearly universal
      usage have been derived from the experience of the life insurance industry. Those
      tables have not recommended any weight adjustments for age. An analysis of the
      actuarial data on which the most recent tables are based shows that minimal
      mortality occurs at progressively increasing body weight as age advances (20 to
      29, through 60 to 69 years). There is, furthermore, no systematic sex difference
      in those weights. We have prepared height-weight tables that are age-specific and
      delete sex and body frame type as variables. These weight standards are lower for
      young adults and higher for older adults than those previously recommended. A
      review of 23 other reported populations confirms the need to adjust weight
      standards for age.

PMID- 4062120
TI  - Overweight and cancer.
AB  - In a prospective study, mortality ratios were computed in relation to overweight,
      cancer, and other diseases. The study included 750 000 men and women followed for
      12 years. Each person was given a weight index. Death rates for overweight and
      underweight persons were compared with rates for persons of average weight. Men
      who were 40% or more overweight had a mortality ratio for cancer of 1.33; women,
      1.55. This ratio was much lower than that for coronary heart disease (men, 1.95;
      and women, 2.07); diabetes (5.19 and 7.90), and digestive diseases (3.99 and
      2.29). Overweight men had significantly higher mortality ratios for colorectal
      and prostate cancer; overweight women had much higher rates for cancer of the
      endometrium, gall bladder, and cervix; and also significantly higher rates for
      ovary and breast cancer.

PMID- 4062121
TI  - Obesity in Europe.
AB  - The high prevalence of obesity in Europe is similar to that in other
      industrialized areas. Obesity and its related diseases, such as hypertension,
      hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hyperuricemia, have become a major problem,
      particularly in terms of cost. Prospective studies in Scandinavia strongly
      suggest obesity and its related diseases lower life expectancy. Divergent results
      from the Seven Countries Study are critically discussed.

PMID- 4062122
TI  - Morbid obesity and related health risks.
AB  - Persons 45.4 kg (100 lb) or more above desirable weight have exponential
      increases in mortality and serious morbidity compared with normal persons. The
      presence of a complication or an independent coronary risk factor along with
      obesity increases the mortality further. Among the "threshold conditions" that
      appear at a critical level of body weight (60% or more above desirable weight),
      the most important are sudden unexplained death, ventilatory disorders,
      circulatory congestion, and functional limitations in activities of daily living.
      Recent epidemiologic data on extreme obesity and data on cardiac dysfunction show
      impaired quality of life in young, morbidly obese patients. Because of the
      malignant nature of morbid obesity and the inability to achieve and maintain
      sufficient weight reduction by non-surgical means, surgery is justified in this
      population.

PMID- 4062123
TI  - Obesity and hypertension.
AB  - Obesity and hypertension are closely associated. Hypertension occurs frequently
      in industrialized populations that gain weight with advancing age, and is
      infrequent in primitive populations that are not obese. There are two reasons for
      concern about the relationship of obesity to hypertension. Weight gain in young
      adult life is a potent risk factor for later development of hypertension. Weight
      reduction in obese hypertensive persons often reduces arterial pressure.
      Mechanisms of obesity hypertension are as yet unidentified; an earlier hypothesis
      that it is related to salt intake has not been supported by recent studies.
      Hemodynamic studies have shown that obesity is associated with an elevated
      cardiac output and expanded blood volume; in normotensive obese persons
      peripheral vascular resistance is reduced, and in hypertensive persons it is
      normal or elevated. Studies of hormonal and neural factors have failed to explain
      the presence of hypertension in some obese persons and its absence in others.

PMID- 4062124
TI  - Obesity and common genetic metabolic disorders.
AB  - Obesity is a heterogeneous group of disorders in terms of etiology; time of
      development; adipose tissue characteristics; metabolic abnormalities; and
      associated morbidity and mortality from coronary disease. The typical patient at
      risk for coronary artery disease in middle age develops abdominal obesity with
      hypertrophic fat cells in young adulthood, has hypertension, hyperglycemia,
      hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and decreased high density
      lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels. Two common genetic metabolic disorders-
      noninsulin-dependent diabetes and familial combined hyperlipidemia--both conform
      to the prototype, accounting perhaps for a substantial amount of the coronary
      artery disease associated with obesity.

PMID- 4062125
TI  - Complications of obesity.
AB  - The major diseases associated with obesity are hypertension, atherosclerosis, and
      diabetes, as well as certain types of cancer. Less well-known complications
      include hepatic steatosis, gallbladder disease, pulmonary function impairment,
      endocrine abnormalities, obstetric complications, trauma to the weight-bearing
      joints, gout, cutaneous disease, proteinuria, increased hemoglobin concentration,
      and possibly immunologic impairment. A U- or J-shaped curve illustrates the
      relation between body mass index and the degree of these various complications.
      This relationship can be used to provide guidelines for assessing treatment of
      obesity.

PMID- 4062126
TI  - Social and psychological consequences of obesity.
AB  - The strong prejudice in this country against obese persons is evident in children
      as young as 6 years of age. There is discrimination against obese persons in both
      academic and work settings. Despite this discrimination, overweight persons in
      the general population show no greater psychological disturbance than do non
      obese persons. Similarly, obese patients seen for medical or surgical procedures
      generally show no more psychopathology than do non-obese patients. Serious
      psychiatric disturbances associated with obesity include disparagement of body
      image and negative emotional reactions to dieting. Dieting may also be
      responsible for the increased incidence of bulimia observed in this country in
      recent years. Women, adolescent girls, and the morbidly obese appear to suffer
      the most deleterious consequences of society's contempt for the obese.

PMID- 4062127
TI  - Health implications of childhood obesity.
AB  - Childhood obesity has immediate and long-term health risks, There is an increased
      risk of disease and emotional stress associated with obesity during the growing
      years, but there are greater risks if obesity continues into adolescence and
      adulthood. There are insufficient data to quantify the association of childhood
      and adult obesity. Although obese adults are more likely to have been heavy as
      children, most overweight children are of normal weight as adults. Childhood
      obesity is frequently associated with an accelerated growth pattern characterized
      by increased lean body mass, greater stature, and more rapid maturation.

PMID- 4062128
TI  - Health implications of obesity. National Institutes of Health Consensus
      Development Conference Statement.

PMID- 4062129
TI  - Health implications of obesity. National Institutes of Health Consensus
      Development Conference. 11-13 February 1985.

PMID- 4062130
TI  - Health implications of overweight and obesity in the United States.
AB  - The second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey found that 26% of
      U.S. adults, or about 34 million people aged 20 to 75 years, are overweight. The
      survey used a body mass index of 27.8 kg/m2 or greater for men and 27.3 or
      greater for women to define overweight. Prevalence of overweight increases with
      advancing age and is generally much higher among black women than among white
      women. Women below the poverty line have a much higher prevalence of overweight
      between ages 25 and 55 years than women above the poverty line. Multivariate
      analysis indicates that for women race and poverty status are independent
      predictors of overweight. Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes are
      commoner in overweight persons than in persons who are not overweight. The
      relative risk of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes is greater in
      overweight adults aged 20 to 45 years than it is in overweight persons aged 45 to
      75 years. This observation is consonant with mortality data, suggesting that
      being overweight during early adult life is more dangerous than a similar degree
      of overweight in later adult life.

PMID- 4062131
TI  - Height-weight tables.
AB  - The concept of "desirable" weight derives from analyses of data in which relative
      body weight is correlated with mortality experience. "Ideal" or lowest-risk
      weights vary for different populations, and vary for the same population at
      different times and in relation to different causes of mortality. An ideal weight
      cannot be identified at a point in time for a person or persons differing from
      the groups on which desirable-weight tables were based. This fact, plus the
      limitations of existing tables and databases, has prompted some observers to
      suggest abandoning the concept of ideal weight. The recent publication of updated
      data for the U.S. population and updated height-weight tables based on actuarial
      data have focused attention on this issue. In addition, several studies have
      attempted to relate body weight to mortality in defined populations. At the same
      time, some studies have found significant relationships between overweight and
      mortality whereas others have not.

PMID- 4062132
TI  - Regional patterns of fat distribution.
AB  - Long-term studies are needed to establish obesity itself as a risk factor for
      cardiovascular disease, even though other well-known risk factors are prevalent
      in obese persons. It is possible that the risk for cardiovascular disease is
      found in a subgroup of the total obesity population. Cross-sectional studies have
      shown abdominal obesity to be strongly associated with risk factors for
      cardiovascular disease. Prospective epidemiologic studies in men and women have
      shown that abdominal obesity is associated with increased risk for ischemic heart
      disease, stroke, and death independent of the total degree of obesity. Even
      limited abdominal obesity should be treated and patients examined carefully for
      complicating conditions.

PMID- 4062133
TI  - Adipose tissue: cellular morphology and development.
AB  - The pattern of adipose tissue development in humans is not well known, although
      it has been characterized under various conditions in rodents. In both humans and
      rodents there are normal periods of development characterized by marked
      hyperplasia. The flexibility of adipose tissue development seems to depend on the
      interaction of environmental and genetic factors. Because the precursor
      adipoblast cannot be clearly identified with a cell-specific protein, the exact
      mechanisms whereby adipose tissue development is regulated is poorly understood.
      Nonetheless, data show that various hormones and other influences modulate the
      normal and abnormal course of adipose tissue development.

PMID- 4062134
TI  - [Hyperparathyroidism and cancer].

PMID- 4062135
TI  - [Etiological study of 23 cases of complete block of the left branch of the bundle
      of His, in the absence of myocardial infarction].
AB  - An aetiological study was performed in 23 asymptomatic patients with left bundle
      branch block (LBBB) which included Thallium 201 myocardial scintigraphy on effort
      and, in 15 cases, cardiac catheterisation and coronary angiography. Thallium
      fixation was abnormal in all patients, but the cause of LBBB was attributed to
      cardiomyopathy in 9 cases, and to coronary artery disease in 2 cases. Cardiac
      catheterisation was normal in 4 cases. The hypofixation of Thallium 201 in LBBB
      can be explained either by an abnormality of left ventricular contraction due to
      heterotopic propagation of the depolarisation or by the unusually high incidence
      of the association of LBBB and left main coronary artery stenosis and/or a
      dominant left coronary artery. The practical implication of this study is that
      Thallium 201 myocardial scintigraphy is of little value in patients with LBBB.

PMID- 4062136
TI  - [Anuria, cholestatic jaundice, thrombocytopenia, hemolysis. Immunoallergic
      complication due to ajmaline].
AB  - A 75 year old man, treated with ajmaline, was admitted with malaise, fever, acute
      renal failure and cholestatic jaundice. Haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopaenia
      were also found with a positive indirect Coomb's test in the presence of
      ajmaline. The immunological and haematological data are discussed in the light of
      previously published cases.

PMID- 4062137
TI  - [Osteoarthritis caused by dematiaceous fungi. Apropos of 3 cases].
AB  - Three cases of osteoarthritis due to dematiaceous fungi are reported. The first
      case, a Drechslera longirostrata spondylitis complicating prosthetic valve fungal
      endocarditis responded only to the association of Amphotericin B and
      Ketoconazole. The second patient had chronic osteoarthritis of the knee due to
      Phialophora parasitica resistant to medical and surgical treatment after renal
      transplantation. These two cases are the first and the second known reports of
      clinical infection with these fungi. The third patient had osteoarthritis of the
      patella complicating a skin infection by a thorn prick. This was cured by
      surgical excision and 3 months' medical treatment. These cases of infections
      osteoarthritis of the knee followed subcutaneous abscesses. Deep tissue
      infections with dematiaceous fungi with osteoarthritic involvement are very rare
      (6 cases of Drechslera and 8 cases of Phialophora have been reported). These
      fungi are opportunist saprophytes of plants in subtropical regions. They are
      characterised on culture by their brown and black pigmentation and microscopy
      shows septated filaments. Cutaneous effraction is the usual portal of entry in
      man; patients commonly have depression of their immune systems. Osteoarthritis is
      generally due to local extension of a subcutaneous abscess. The functional
      sequellae can be very serious. Treatment comprises surgical excision of the
      infected tissues with antifungal drugs which may have to be given in association.

PMID- 4062138
TI  - [Lead encephalopathy with thrombosis of the superior longitudinal sinus].
AB  - A 32 year old obese, diabetic and hypertensive woman presented with signs of
      increasing intracranial pressure: diplopia, partial lateralised Jacksonian
      seizures followed by alternating post-ictal hemiplegia. She was also anaemic.
      Investigation revealed lead poisoning and thrombosis of the superior sagittal
      sinus. She recovered rapidly with heparin and calcium EDTA therapy, except for
      persistent optic atrophy due to the papilloedema. The authors discuss the
      relation of lead encephalopathy and dural sinus thrombosis, and the contribution
      of each condition to this patient's clinical symptoms.

PMID- 4062139
TI  - [Multiple cerebral tuberculomas. X-ray computed tomographic diagnosis and follow
      up: a case].
AB  - A 31-year-old man who had never left France, rapidly developed right cerebellar
      signs accompanied by an alteration of his general condition. CT brain scan showed
      7 intracerebral tuberculomas, six of which were asymptomatic. The patient was
      treated with three anti-tuberculous drugs and steroids, and made a good recovery.
      The CT changes disappeared. CT brain scan should be performed in patients with
      extra-cerebral tuberculosis and no CSF abnormalities.

PMID- 4062140
TI  - [Early prenatal diagnosis of lysosomal enzymopathies from biopsies of
      trophoblasts].
AB  - This study was undertaken to assess the reliability of trophoblastic biopsy for
      early ante-natal diagnosis (10 weeks) of lysosomal diseases, including
      glycogenoses, sphingolipidoses and mucopolysaccharidoses. The sensitivity and
      specificity were excellent. In addition, cell cultures of the trophoblastic
      material enable further confirmation of the diagnosis. The possibility of a
      diagnosis and a medical decision with regards to the outcome of pregnancy at the
      10th week of gestation is a considerable advance compared to diagnostic
      amniocentesis between the 17th and 20th weeks. In our opinion, if a total deficit
      is observed, the decision to terminate the pregnancy can be taken; in partial
      deficits or in cases with normal activity, it is wise to confirm the diagnosis by
      amniocentesis.

PMID- 4062141
TI  - [Bromocriptine in Parkinson's disease: pleuropulmonary toxicity].
AB  - The authors report a case of pleuro-pulmonary fibrosis after 9 months of high
      dose bromocriptine therapy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. When the
      drug was stopped there was a significant improvement of the clinical state with
      complete regression of chest pain and dyspnea of effort. The major inflammatory
      biological syndrome disappeared completely. Chest X-rays showed partial
      improvement with signs of pleural pneumonitis. The results of ventilatory and
      respiratory function tests stabilised. After one year follow-up, the causal
      relationship of this iatrogenic pathology has therefore been established. The
      initial diagnostic problems are stressed, particularly with respect to malignant
      disease (mesothelioma) when there has been exposure to asbestos, as in our case.
      The early stages must be carefully looked for so as to prevent fibrosing
      complications. The presence of immune complexes in our case could indicate immuno
      allergic mechanism.

PMID- 4062142
TI  - [How to define the normal level of serum IgE in adults?].
AB  - Variations in the upper limit of normal total serum IgE have been reported: they
      can range from 150 to 1,000 UI/ml; but the usually accepted upper limit is
      between 150 and 300 UI/ml. In this study we measured the total serum IgE levels
      (RIST-Pharmacia) in 69 randomly selected control subjects; 38 had no previous
      history of atopic or parasitic disease. The normal values observed were 7-460
      UI/ml for the whole of the control group (10th-90th percentiles) and 0.5-540
      UI/ml for the 38 selected subjects (5th-95th percentiles). Logarithmic conversion
      is compulsory in order to obtain a gaussian distribution. This enables 80 p. 100
      of the control subjects to be grouped within 4-450 UI/ml or 90 p. 100 of the
      selected subgroup within the range of 1.5-677 UI/ml. As many allergic patients
      have a normal serum IgE level and a number of non-allergic diseases may be
      associated with an increased serum IgE level, the diagnostic importance of this
      investigation is limited. The cost-effectiveness is very low and raises the
      problem of using this test in everyday practice.

PMID- 4062143
TI  - [Acute meningoencephalic manifestations disclosing disseminated lupus
      erythematosus: a case].

PMID- 4062144
TI  - [Dihydralazine treatment of cardiac insufficiency in children].

PMID- 4062145
TI  - Flame protective clothing for the workplace.

PMID- 4062146
TI  - Generation of cadmium fume from alloy surfaces.

PMID- 4062147
TI  - Smoothing of exposure variability at the receptor: implications for health
      standards.

PMID- 4062149
TI  - Electrostatic lung deposition experiments with humans and animals.

PMID- 4062148
TI  - Theories of electrostatic lung deposition of inhaled aerosols.

PMID- 4062150
TI  - Measurement methods for electric charges on aerosols.

PMID- 4062151
TI  - Electrostatic effects in aerosol sampling and filtration.

PMID- 4062152
TI  - Measurements of electric charge for workplace aerosols.

PMID- 4062153
TI  - Static electrification of workplace aerosols: a perspective.

PMID- 4062154
TI  - Use of a cowl in asbestos air sampling.

PMID- 4062155
TI  - Arterial macroaneurysm on the optic disk presenting as a mass lesion.
AB  - A 66-year-old man presented with a gray-yellow mass on the optic disk associated
      with retinal hemorrhage and a branch retinal artery obstruction. Follow-up over a
      several-month period disclosed the disappearance of the yellow tissue and the
      presence of a retinal arterial macroaneurysm. Such a lesion should be considered
      in the differential diagnosis of tumors of the optic nerve head.

PMID- 4062156
TI  - Recurrent corneal erosion after trauma: a statistical study.
AB  - Office records of 377 consecutive traumatic corneal abrasions were examined.
      Twenty-nine cases experienced at least one episode of recurrent corneal erosion
      (7.69%). There were no recurrences in patients under 20 years of age (P less than
      .01). The size of the original abrasion could not be correlated with recurrence
      rate. Injuries with paper, fingernails, or bushes and branches were 4.9 times
      more likely to recur than injuries from all other materials (P less than .001).

PMID- 4062157
TI  - The incidence of rebleeding in traumatic hyphema.
AB  - A collaborative, retrospective study of 371 consecutive hyphema patients reveals
      an overall 3.5% incidence of rebleeding of without the use of antifibrinolytic
      agents. Numerous factors were reviewed on each patient, including age, sex, race,
      grade of hyphema, disposition, and the use of topical or systemic medications.
      Thirty percent of the patients were treated on an outpatient basis. The low
      incidence of rebleeding, particularly in less severe hyphemas (less than half the
      anterior chamber volume), does not support the routine use of systemic
      antifibrinolytics or corticosteroids.

PMID- 4062158
TI  - A rare mechanism of orbital emphysema.
AB  - Orbital emphysema is usually described in association with fractures of the
      paranasal sinuses involving the orbit. We describe a rare form of orbital
      emphysema caused by high-pressure subconjunctival air injection from an air tube
      used in a garage, without apparent damage to the orbital walls.

PMID- 4062159
TI  - Cryoextraction versus forceps extraction of cataract under general versus local
      anesthesia.
AB  - Cryoextraction and forceps extraction of cataract are compared, with specific
      reference to their utility and practicability in developing countries. Because of
      cost and limited availability, cryoextraction is rarely performed in these areas.
      The decision whether to use general or local anesthesia is also discussed.

PMID- 4062160
TI  - Accommodation in nature and principles for an accommodating intraocular lens.

PMID- 4062161
TI  - A metabolic aspect of high myopia.
AB  - Abnormal zinc and copper metabolism has been described in some retinal disorders
      affecting the retinal pigment epithelium. Anatomic studies in high myopic eyes,
      show important changes in this retinal layer. We examined the blood for zinc and
      copper and urine for copper in different groups of high myopic black and white
      patients, and high myopic white patients with primary retinal detachment. In the
      white myopic groups, many of the patients showed high serum zinc and low serum
      copper values. In the high myopic patients with primary retinal detachment, the
      serum zinc and copper were found to be distinctly elevated and of statistical
      significance. A relative inverse copper/zinc ratio between the concentration of
      these metals in serum and their concentration in the subretinal fluid was noted
      as well. The significance of these findings and their connection to the retinal
      pigment epithelium is discussed.

PMID- 4062162
TI  - Hemorrhagic valsalva retinopathy in Leber's optic neuropathy.
AB  - A patient with acute Leber's optic neuropathy had a large splinter retinal
      hemorrhage noted after he had strained to install fire hydrants. The hemorrhage
      occurred at a site of peripapillary telangiectasia, which is a feature of this
      condition. The pathogenesis of the process is discussed.

PMID- 4062163
TI  - A clinicopathologic case of cyclectomy for malignant melanoma of the ciliary
      body, complicated by total traction retinal detachment.
AB  - A case report is presented of a 43-year-old woman who underwent cyclectomy for
      malignant melanoma of the ciliary body of the left eye. One year after operation,
      the eye was enucleated because of inoperable total traction retinal detachment.
      The pathologic examination revealed no signs of local recurrence. At five-year
      follow-up, no systemic spread was found.

PMID- 4062164
TI  - Prospective rationale for and results of argon laser treatment of patients with
      branch retinal-vein occlusion.
AB  - A prospective study of 50 patients with branch retinal-vein occlusion (BRVO)
      treated using argon laser photocoagulation within one week of initial examination
      is presented. Some patients had acute manifestations and others intermediate or
      chronic manifestations of BRVO. In the absence of serious irreparable vascular
      damage, as the result of the natural history of the disease, patients with acute
      disease and good prognostic factors receiving early treatment did uniformly well
      with decreased morbidity and retention of good visual acuity. Seventy percent of
      patients with chronic disease and good prognostic factors showed improvement in
      visual acuity following treatment. Because of the variable amount of irreversible
      damage from vaso-occlusion and poor prognostic factors, and the duration of the
      disease process, argon laser treatment often gave a relative success or
      stabilization. In view of the uncertainty of the outcome of the natural history
      of BRVO, the abbreviated morbidity and the diminution of secondary complications
      observed following argon laser treatment, early treatment seems to be appropriate
      for patients suffering from BRVO.

PMID- 4062165
TI  - Posterior fluorescein streaming.
AB  - Two patients with chronic branch retinal vein occlusions and recurrent vitreous
      hemorrhages were evaluated with fluorescein angiography. In both patients
      fluorescein studies revealed a unique pattern of superior fluorescein flow.
      Possible mechanisms for this process are discussed.

PMID- 4062166
TI  - Reversible visual loss following optic nerve injury.
AB  - A case of shrapnel injury to the optic nerve documented by computed tomography,
      resulting in total, but partially reversible visual loss, is presented. In view
      of the visual field defect and computed tomographic findings, a transient
      vascular insult is incriminated. The irreversible loss in the lower field of
      vision is related to the shearing effect of trauma on the vulnerable pial vessels
      supplying the upper half of the nerve.

PMID- 4062167
TI  - Tonic pupils following oculomotor nerve palsies.
AB  - Four patients developed a unilateral tonic pupil following ipsilateral oculomotor
      nerve palsy. The probable basis for this phenomenon is misdirection of injured
      oculoparasympathetic fibers in the oculomotor nerve proximal to the ciliary
      ganglion.

PMID- 4062168
TI  - Presumed intraocular Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - A 16-year-old girl with nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease developed a retinal
      lesion with decreased visual acuity in one eye during a period of quiescence in
      her disease. The lesion appeared not to be of infectious or toxic origin and
      responded well to radiation therapy. The lesion has not recurred, and visual
      acuity has remained normal despite the systemic recurrence of Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 4062169
TI  - [A simple technic for the study of the hair shaft cuticle using light
      microscopy].
AB  - Replicas of the hair cuticle can be obtained after application of a small
      quantity of cyanoacrylate to the hair shaft which is then placed on a glass
      slide. The hair is quickly removed after 30-40 sec. By this method, it is
      possible to make an office diagnosis of weathering of the hair surface. The
      technique is simple, easy to perform and allows a fast examination of a permanent
      replica of the hair surface.

PMID- 4062170
TI  - [Cutaneomucous hyalinosis in monozygotic twins].
AB  - Two Urbach-Wiethe disease cases in both univitelline twins sisters, 8 years old,
      are presented. Consanguinity is demonstrated in their parents and we consider
      this to be the second study of this type described in Spain and the first one in
      the world with such genetic features. We emphasize the early process apparition-
      just after birth--clinically characterised only by hoarseness. In consecutive
      years, both sisters developed varioliform scars on elbows, knees, and forehead
      and induration of lips on their mucous surface and palpebral margins. The
      histological and ultrastructural findings superposed in both patient--typical and
      confirmatory of the clinical picture--are commented as well as present
      histopathogenetic interpretations.

PMID- 4062171
TI  - [Cutaneous necrosis with sclerodermiform development after a subcutaneous
      injection of calcium heparinate].

PMID- 4062172
TI  - [Regional abnormalities of the lymphatic vessels and of the response to
      dinitrochlorobenzene in classical Kaposi's sarcoma].

PMID- 4062173
TI  - [Tigason in psoriasis. Advantage of progressively increasing doses].

PMID- 4062174
TI  - [Letter from the Pharmacy and Drug Administration apropos of prescription
      preparations of an ointment with a mechlorethamine base].

PMID- 4062176
TI  - [New localizations in France of Phlebotomus ariasi, P. mascittii and Sergentomyia
      minuta (Diptera-Phlebotomidae)].

PMID- 4062175
TI  - [Ecology of leishmaniasis in the south of France. 21. Influence of temperature on
      the development of Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908 in Phlebotomus ariasi
      Tonnoir, 1921. Experimental study].
AB  - The influence of temperature on the life-cycle of Leishmania infantum Nicolle,
      1908 (isolated from a dog in the Cevennes) in a known vector (Phlebotomus ariasi
      Tonnoir, 1921) was studied with special reference to the proportion of flies
      infected and the intensity and localization of parasites in the sandfly. Wild
      female sandflies were caught at night by active searches and were put with a
      heavily infected dog in a mosquito net on the night of capture. On the following
      morning, engorged females were tubed individually and were then maintained at 10,
      15, 20, or 25 degrees C (+/- 1.5 degrees). The temperatures were chosen after
      preliminary experiments which showed that temperatures of 30 degrees C or less
      than 5 degrees C were lethal to both the sandfly and, usually, the parasite.
      Midguts of the flies were dissected and examined 6 to 10 days after the infective
      feed. Although there were no obvious differences in the proportions of infected
      sandflies at different temperatures, a statistical analysis of the finding (chi 2
      test) showed that raising the temperature: significantly increased the overall
      proportion of infected sandflies; speeded up the multiplication of promastigotes
      in the midgut; controlled the movement of parasites forwards into the thoracic
      midgut (from 15 degrees C); encouraged the attachment of the flagellates to the
      wall of the stomodaeal valve (from 20 degrees C). The use of an exponential model
      to deduce the size of the parasite population at the different temperatures led
      to the conclusion that the optimum temperature for L. infantum is in the region
      of 25 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4062177
TI  - [Decontamination of spices by ethylene oxide. The case of cloves (Eugenia
      caryophyllus Spreng.) and white pepper (Piper nigrum L.)].

PMID- 4062178
TI  - [Flavonic heterosides of Ceanothus americanus L., Rhamnaceae].

PMID- 4062179
TI  - [Bronchomotor effects of (-) ephedrine, (+/-) ephedrine and (+) pseudoephedrine
      in guinea pigs].

PMID- 4062180
TI  - [Antibacterial and antifungal effects of alpha- and beta-aminoketones].

PMID- 4062181
TI  - [Amino derivatives of oxaspirononane].

PMID- 4062182
TI  - [Comparison between in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption of a new form of
      delayed-action theophylline].

PMID- 4062183
TI  - [Protective effect of procyanidolic oligomers on experimental lathyrism in rats].

PMID- 4062184
TI  - [Research on a substitute for ether as a solvent of sticking plasters].

PMID- 4062185
TI  - [Comparative neurophysiological effects of alpha-glyceryl-salicylic ethers and
      mephenesin].

PMID- 4062186
TI  - [Antifungal activity of plant extracts used therapeutically. II. Study of 40
      extracts on 9 fungal strains].

PMID- 4062187
TI  - [Effects of dihydroflavopereirine and sempervirine (alkaloid derivatives of beta
      carboline) on cancerous cells in culture].

PMID- 4062188
TI  - [The oleoresin of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl].

PMID- 4062189
TI  - Vertebral arteriovenous fistulas. Clinical presentation, angiographical
      appearance and endovascular treatment. A review of twenty-five cases.

PMID- 4062190
TI  - Computed tomography of pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 4062191
TI  - [X-ray computed tomographic evaluation of pseudomeningoceles].

PMID- 4062192
TI  - [2 x-ray computed tomographic surprises in Barety's compartment].

PMID- 4062193
TI  - [Painless osteoid osteoma (or initially painless). Apropos of 2 phalangeal cases.
      Review of the literature].

PMID- 4062194
TI  - [Spontaneous localized myositis ossificans with radicular topography in a 5-year
      old child].

PMID- 4062196
TI  - Electro-microscopic observations of liver lesions after intravenous inoculation
      of mouldy hay extracts.
AB  - With the aid of the electron microscope, a number of histopathological changes in
      the liver of mice caused by mycotoxins from mouldy hay were examined and studied.
      These changes were observed in the mitochondria, the cell nucleus, and the cell
      membranes, and included fatty and parenchymal degeneration, plasma granulation,
      vacuolisation and vesiculation, glycogen secretion, incorporation into RNA,
      karyolysis and karyolaxis, and space of Disse constriction.

PMID- 4062195
TI  - [Various blood parameters of energy metabolism in dairy cows at the start of
      lactation].
AB  - Thirty eight lactating dairy cows were given ad libitum a diet of maize silage
      supplemented with concentrate (3 to 5.5 kg/day). Five blood samples were taken
      from 25 cows from the last week of pregnancy to the 8th week of lactation. The
      other thirteen cows were subjected to a more frequent sampling (three times a
      week during the first five weeks of lactation). Each plasma sample was analyzed
      in order to assess its glucose, acetone, beta-hydroxybutyrate and non-esterified
      fatty acids contents. The glucose content of the plasma was minimum and the
      acetone content was maximum at the end of the second week of lactation when the
      cumulated energy balance was at its most negative level. It appeared that the
      individual glucose and acetone contents were closely related to the cumulated
      energy balance, while the non esterified fatty acids content was closely related
      to the energy balance at the time of sampling. From all the data obtained, a good
      negative curvilinear relation between the glucose content and the ketone bodies
      content was observed. These results are discussed with the mobilization of body
      reserves during the early lactation and its consequences.

PMID- 4062197
TI  - Experimental rotavirus diarrhoea in colostrum-deprived newborn calves: assay of
      treatment by administration of bacterially produced human interferon (Hu-IFN
      alpha 2).
AB  - Seven colostrum-deprived newborn calves were orally inoculated within 24 hours
      after birth with bovine rotavirus. Three of them were intramuscularly injected
      with bacterially produced human interferon (Hu-IFN alpha 2). The four control
      animals presented a severe diarrhoea for at least 48 hours, while only one of the
      treated calves suffered from a transient diarrhoea for a few hours. Hu-IFN alpha
      2 seems therefore able to control rotavirus diarrhoea in newborn calves, although
      it did not inhibit virus excretion and seroconversion in the treated animals.
      Moreover, the administration of endogenous interferon appeared to be well
      tolerated by newborn calves. The efficacy of human alpha 2 interferon for the
      treatment of this important virus infection of cattle seems thus well
      established.

PMID- 4062198
TI  - [Experimental pathogenicity of so-called atypical mycobacteria in mice, hamsters
      and meriones. Anatomo-pathological study].
AB  - Three animal species were used for the experimental pathogenicity of fourteen out
      of a total of thirty strains of atypical mycobacteria which were isolated from
      lymph nodes of healthy pigs in the surrounding area of Montevideo. White mice,
      hamsters and meriones were inoculated by intraperitoneal, intravenous or
      intracardiac routes. These animals were observed for either one year or until
      death, if death occurred during that year. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions
      were studied. Smears and cultures were also performed. This method led to a
      better knowledge of the pathogenicity of the following atypical mycobacteria
      species: Mycobacterium kansasii, MAIS complex and M. chelonae. It showed that
      some saprophyte strains belonging to terrae and vaccae complex were able to
      develop a pathogenicity. The hamster appeared to be the most sensitive animal.

PMID- 4062199
TI  - [Start of mastication by esophageal distension in sheep].
AB  - Oesophageal wall distension was performed on standing conscious sheep by
      inflating a rubber balloon at four different levels inside the cervical and
      thoracic oesophagus. Although no retrograde oesophageal peristalsis was ever
      recorded, these stimulations were always followed by a conspicuous increase of
      parotid saliva secretion. They frequently induced the onset of chewing movements,
      whatever the level of the oesophageal distension. The cyclical reticular activity
      does not bear any relationship to the occurrence of the chewing movements. The
      masticatory response could be either of the "ON" or "ON - OFF" type, but most
      often of the "OFF" type. The response to thoracic oesophageal distension was
      suppressed by mid-cervical anaesthetic blockage of vagal conduction. A possible
      involvement of any sort of stimulation of the oral cavity was thus ruled out. The
      masticatory response to oesophageal distension is a reflex mechanism whose
      afferent pathway from the distal part lies in the vagal trunk. Such a reflex may
      participate early in the initiation of chewing movements during rumination, prior
      to the arrival of the regurgitated bolus into the mouth.

PMID- 4062200
TI  - [Histopathological studies in young Lymnae glabra Muller of live or of abortive
      infestation].
AB  - Very young snails had been individually exposed to a single miracidium of
      Fasciola hepatica; they were bred at 23 degrees C during 49 days and killed at
      days 42 and 49 postexposure for histological studies. Tissue lesions were
      observed in six organs of infected snails and none in uninfected and control
      snails. All snails with living parthenitae showed a necrotized and atrophic
      gonad; a reconstitution with epithelial hyperplasia was noted in the most
      digestive glands, kidneys and genital annex glands of these snails. Variable
      tissue lesions occurred in organs of snails with abortive infections: the lesions
      - i.e. necrosis of epithelial cells followed by a reconstitution with cell
      hyperplasia - were often seen in the kidneys, more rarely in the other organs. No
      lesions in ventricle and no amoebocytic reaction were found in all these snails.
      Cells of nerve ganglia showed a dense and homogeneous coloration in 53% of
      infected snails and a normal colored structure in the others. Epithelial
      reconstitution of organs was only seen in infected snails with a higher shell at
      the end of experiment, epithelial necrosis in infected ones with a variable shell
      height.

PMID- 4062201
TI  - [Interpretation of the cell concentration of cow's milk for the diagnosis of
      mammary infection].
AB  - The potential utilisation of monthly cell counts per cow to determine their
      infection status was studied for 30 months on 62 cows from an experimental herd,
      and by simulation, on different herd models with defined epidemiological
      characteristics. During this period, the cows of the experimental herd were
      regularly submitted to bacteriological tests for intramammary infections and
      individual cell counts. The cows which were not chronically infected by a major
      pathogen were characterised by cell counts of less than 300 000 cells/ml
      throughout lactation. The chronically infected cows were characterised by at
      least two peaks over 300 000 with at least one beyond 800 000, but cell counts
      could be, at other time intervals, below 300 000 cells/ml. Provided that at least
      two monthly cell counts were available for each cow, it was possible to
      discriminate strongly the cows not chronically infected and the cows chronically
      infected by a major pathogen which are reservoirs of infection. The percentage of
      correct classifications varied between 74 and 87% in relation with the chosen
      threshold and the infection status of the herd in which this threshold was used.
      With the same threshold, there were higher percentages of false negative
      diagnosis in a herd model where staphylococcal like long-term infections were
      prevalent and of false positive when there was a high incidence of clinical short
      term infections. Monthly cell counts per cow did not correctly reveal short-term
      clinical infections which are particularly prevalent in herds affected mainly by
      environmental mastitis. The precision and practical importance of this individual
      diagnosis was discussed for different herd models.

PMID- 4062202
TI  - Influence of protein intake on per os zinc deficiency treatment in sheep.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted on 20 male 3.5 month-old Limousin X Romanoff
      lambs, weighing between 30 and 35 kg. They received a zinc deficient diet based
      on 50% late harvested hay and 50% barley straw containing from 8 mg Zn/kg dry
      matter to 11.7 mg Zn/kg dry matter and sprayed with caramel. Sheep were
      hypozincaemic from the 14th or 21st day. In the first experiment, the zinc level
      of the diet (94 g crude protein/kg DM from urea) was increased to 50 mg Zn/kg dry
      matter on the 35th day. At the same time, half the animals received egg albumin
      instead of urea; both diets were isoproteic. No change in zincaemia was observed
      in either of the two groups: it remained low. On day 51, the albumin group
      received an increase in dietary protein by the addition of more egg albumin, so
      that the diet contained up to 148 g crude protein/kg dry matter, the usual
      requirements of growing lambs. The zincaemia of these sheep started to increase
      and was restored to normal with a diet that contained 150 mg Zn/kg dry matter.
      The zincaemia of the low protein group remained unchanged whatever the zinc
      level. In the second experiment, increasing the zinc level with the diet (70 g
      crude protein from egg albumin) from 11.6 to 300 mg/kg dry matter restored the
      zincaemia either in the high protein group (140 g crude protein/kg dry matter) or
      in the low protein group (70 g crude protein/kg dry matter).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4062203
TI  - Enzyme patterns of the organs of the goose. Effects of fattening on liver
      enzymes.
AB  - The distribution of some enzymes in the organs of the goose was investigated:
      Creatine-kinase was specific for muscles, Glutamate Dehydrogenase for liver and
      Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase for pancreas and liver. The production of fatty liver
      induced an important dilution of liver enzymes except for Lactate Dehydrogenase
      which was only moderately lowered. This latter enzyme is probably one of the most
      interesting markers of liver disturbances while fattening is occurring.

PMID- 4062204
TI  - [Value of hemodynamic evaluation in infarction of the right ventricle].
AB  - Right cardiac catheterisation was the first method of investigation proposed for
      the diagnosis of right ventricular dysfunction during the acute phase of
      biventricular myocardial infarction. With the development of non-invasive methods
      of investigation (radio-isotopes and particularly ultrasonography), the value of
      haemodynamic surveys has become open to question. This paper aims to demonstrate
      that this minimally traumatic investigation, which can be performed in any
      intensive care unit, is still useful: for the diagnosis of infarction of the
      right ventricle (RV), as, provided it is performed sufficiently early in the
      course of the disease and possibly associated with a filling test to increase the
      sensitivity, it provides very specific and very sensitive criteria:
      disproportionate elevation of the RV filling pressure, morphological syndrome of
      adiastole; for the diagnosis of associated mechanical complications: tricuspid
      incompetence, by analysis of the curve of the RA pressure; intraventricular shunt
      due to septal perforation or a right-to-left shunt during atrial relaxation
      through an intra-atrial communication or PFO, by means of staged oximetry; for
      the analysis of the distal effects of the RV dysfunction: RV filling pressure and
      cardiac output; and finally, by means of haemodynamic monitoring, for the
      orientation and monitoring of treatment in the severe forms responsible for a low
      output state.

PMID- 4062205
TI  - [Value of isotopic methods in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction of the right
      ventricle].
AB  - In the left ventricle, isotope techniques can be used to study the perfusion of
      the myocardium or the ventricular function. Because of the thinness of the walls
      of the right heart, the classical examinations and Thallium 201 perfusion cannot
      be used to demonstrate a disorder of perfusion in the right ventricle.
      Nevertheless, it is possible, with the aid of Technetium 99m labeled
      pyrophosphate, to diagnose and localise necrosis of the inferior wall with an
      acceptable degree of sensitivity, during the acute phase of the infarction.
      However, the major value of isotope techniques is to evaluate right ventricular
      function by determining the value of the global ejection fraction and the kinetic
      anomalies of the different walls. These methods, together with echocardiography,
      allow the diagnosis of lesions of the inferior part of the right ventricle in
      patients with inferior necrosis... Furthermore, because these methods allow
      quantification and because they are reproducible and repeatable, they can be used
      to follow the course of the right ventricular function in response to treatment.

PMID- 4062206
TI  - [Coronary angiography after the age of 70 years].
AB  - 100 patients over the age of 70 years underwent coronary angiography. The
      indications for this examination at this age were different from those in younger
      patients. After the age of 70 years, 58 per cent of coronary angiographies are
      performed as part of the haemodynamic survey of valvular disease. The risk of the
      examination appears to be higher, as two deaths occurred in this small series,
      while the mortality is estimated to be 2 per thousand in younger patients.
      Coronary angiography is very useful at this age in patients with valvular disease
      to determine the need for an associated coronary graft and also to determine
      contraindications for operation because of the severity of the lesions. A
      surgical indication was confirmed in 50 patients, but surgery was only performed
      in 36 of them. The follow-up of these patients demonstrates that patients
      operated for valvular disease had a longer survival that those considered to be
      inoperable or who refused operation. On the other hand, there was no difference
      in survival between grafted and non-operated patients over the age of 70 years.

PMID- 4062207
TI  - [Oral propafenone in resistant auricular arrhythmia].
AB  - Paroxysmal episodes of atrial frequently cause severe functional disturbance
      because of their recurrent nature. Propafenone (Rythmol) is a very active anti
      arrhythmic at the ventricular level which acts by decreasing the rate of atrio
      ventricular and intra-ventricular conduction and by prolonging the refractory
      period of the right atrium and the accessory pathways. The authors conducted an
      open study of this drug in 20 cases with resistant, recurrent atrial
      fibrillation. All of the patients were known to have recurrent episodes of atrial
      fibrillation which could not be prevented by a variety of antiarrhythmic agents.
      They performed a clinical, electrocardiological and laboratory evaluation of
      these patients. Holter monitor recordings were performed prior to entry into the
      study, during the first week of treatment, between the 4th day and the 8th day,
      on the 20th day, at the 2nd month and between the 3rd and 6th months. Propafenone
      was prescribed at a dose of 900 mg per day and the initial dose was reduced to
      600 mg after the 3rd month of treatment. Five patients can be classified as
      therapeutic failures, as the arrhythmia recurred. These patients presented a
      "vagal" atrial fibrillation preceded by an episode of bradycardia. 15 patients
      can be considered to have obtained a successful result, as no recurrences were
      detected during the 6 month observation period. The electrical and laboratory
      tolerance was satisfactory. The most frequent side effects were minor transient
      gastrointestinal disturbances.

PMID- 4062208
TI  - [Behcet's disease and cardiovascular pathology].
AB  - Behcet's syndrome appears in different localisations. Some of them were at the
      source of the initial description of the disease and are therefore well known.
      However, cardiovascular localisations were discovered later on and are worthy of
      detail. They may enable retrospective diagnosis and are an evolutive turning
      point in this still mysterious disease.

PMID- 4062209
TI  - [Ectasia of coronary arteries. Review of the literature. Apropos of 5 cases].
AB  - The authors present 5 cases of coronary artery ectasia discovered on coronary
      angiography and review the literature on the subject. The aetiology of these
      coronary aneurysms is discussed: coronary atherosclerosis seems to be the most
      common cause of this condition which some authors consider to be a variant of
      coronary atheroma. The therapeutic management is controversial. The indications
      for surgery are rare and should be carefully considered. Long term anticoagulant
      therapy, however, appears to be essential.

PMID- 4062210
TI  - The progress of surgery and its ethical and social background.

PMID- 4062212
TI  - Manometry with needle cholangiography. Results in 70 patients.
AB  - Cholangiomanometry is evaluated in 70 patients using a new technique based on
      needle cholangiography. In 94% of the patients the results of cholangiomanometry
      were in agreement with the final operative diagnosis. In two patients out of 20,
      common duct stones did not cause changes in the biliary pressure. In 14 patients
      re-operated on for postcholecystectomy pains, the increase in intrabiliary
      pressure due to a fentanyl dose was significantly higher than that in the control
      patients. Cholangiomanometry is recommended for selective use to complement
      needle cholangiography in biliary re-operations and in operations after biliary
      pancreatitis.

PMID- 4062211
TI  - St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegia for myocardial preservation during prolonged
      aortic cross-clamping.
AB  - The effectiveness of St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegia for myocardial
      preservation during prolonged aortic cross-clamping was analyzed in a clinical
      series of 100 consecutive cardiac surgical patients identified as having aortic
      cross-clamp times greater than 120 minutes. Hospital mortality from all causes
      was 8%, but only one of these 8 patients succumbed from immediate primary failure
      of the myocardial preservation protocol. Severe but reversible low cardiac output
      syndrome occurred in 5 patients, and in 4 of them there had obviously been a
      primary failure in cardiac protection. Peri-operative, clinically "silent"
      myocardial infarction could be demonstrated in retrospect by electrocardiographic
      criteria in 3 other patients. Post-operative complications occurred in 26
      patients, many of them having several complications at the same time. Paired left
      ventricular and right ventricular prebypass and post-bypass biopsies processed
      for cytochemical and biophysical investigation were available from one third of
      the patients. Only 2 cases showed a severe deterioration. There was lack of
      correlation between the duration of aortic occlusion and operative mortality
      rate, incidence of peri-operative infarction, and occurrence of low cardiac
      output syndrome post-operatively. The results thus indicate that St. Thomas'
      Hospital cardioplegia is a very effective means of myocardial protection during
      prolonged periods of aortic cross-clamping.

PMID- 4062213
TI  - Postoperative thromboembolic complications despite heparin prophylaxis in major
      abdominal surgery.
AB  - 181 patients who received low-dose heparin prophylaxis in connection with major
      abdominal surgery were screened for postoperative thromboembolism by means of the
      125 I-fibrinogen uptake test, venography and ventilation/perfusion lung scans.
      Among a number of potential risk factors analyzed only colonic surgery and
      preoperative anaemia were associated with significantly increased risk of
      postoperative thromboembolism.

PMID- 4062214
TI  - Secondary appendicitis--a sign of some other intra-abdominal inflammation.
AB  - An operation was performed on a 37-year-old man with symptoms of acute
      appendicitis. A severely inflamed appendix was removed. Histology, however,
      showed an atypical picture of inflammation: the outer layers of the appendix were
      severely inflamed but the epithelium was intact. Re-laparotomy revealed an
      abscess around a perforated Meckel's diverticulum, with no evidence of
      complications at the site of appendicectomy. It appeared that the appendix had
      become inflamed directly from the primarily inflamed Meckel's diverticulum. The
      case shows that a careful exploration of the neighbouring organs as well as the
      dissection of the specimen by the surgeon himself is indicated during laparotomy
      despite detection of appendicitis. To distinguish the situation described here
      from classical appendicitis we suggest the term secondary appendicitis to define
      the direct invasion of inflammation to the appendix from an adjacent organ.

PMID- 4062215
TI  - Arterial embolism of the legs. A follow-up study of 252 patients.
AB  - This retrospective study of 279 embolectomies in 252 patients shows a mortality
      of 27%, and an amputation rate of 15% within the first month after the
      embolectomy. The mortality as well as the rate of amputations decreased through
      the first year. After this period the mortality was comparable to that of a
      normal population and the rate of amputation was negligible. The mortality rate
      as well as the number of amputations increased with increasing time-lag of the
      embolectomy. In addition, the rate of amputation increased with preexisting
      intermittent claudication. There was no significant difference in amputation rate
      between limbs with and without palpable pulsations in the groin on admission, but
      8 out of 103 limbs without groin pulsations had successful major vascular
      reconstruction performed after failing embolectomy in contrast to none in the
      group where pulsations were present. In 28 patients the embolectomy was followed
      by impairment of renal function and 14 of these died. It is concluded that
      embolectomy must be performed as early as possible, vascular reconstruction must
      be considered if the embolectomy fails to revascularize the limb, preventive
      measures should be taken against renal failure, i.e. the myonephropathic
      metabolic syndrome.

PMID- 4062216
TI  - Non-absorbable suture material as a nidus for the formation of common bile duct
      stones.
AB  - A patient with double recurrence of common bile duct stones formed around non
      absorbable suture material is reported. Clinical evidence from the literature is
      presented to support the recommendation that non-absorbable suture material
      should be avoided in the region of the biliary tract.

PMID- 4062217
TI  - Transmesenteric hernia in the meso-appendix with gangrene of the small bowel.
AB  - Reviewing the literature, transmesenteric hernias were found to be rare. A case
      with herniation in the meso-appendix, intestinal obstruction and gangrene of the
      small bowel is presented. Surgery was performed and the outcome was uneventful.

PMID- 4062218
TI  - The relationship between sex steroids and sex-hormone-binding globulin in plasma
      in physiological and pathological conditions.
AB  - Physiological and many pathological changes in plasma sex-hormone-binding
      globulin (SHBG) levels have been attributed to the opposing effects of androgens
      which lower, and oestrogens which elevate, levels. We examined four clinical
      situations in which changes in SHBG levels may not be explained by sex steroid
      alterations. (1) Dexamethasone caused an increase in SHBG levels in
      hyperandrogenaemic hirsute women whether or not androgens were suppressed. (2) In
      male patients with untreated isolated gonadotrophin deficiency there was a highly
      significant correlation between SHBG levels and age, but there was no
      relationship between the levels of SHBG and those of plasma testosterone,
      androstenedione or DHEAS. (3) Two 46-XY siblings, phenotypic female subjects with
      complete androgen insensitivity, demonstrated a marked decline in SHBG levels
      between the ages of 9-13 and 12-16 years. (4) SHBG was suppressed in obese
      oligomenorrhoeic women while plasma concentrations of testosterone,
      androstenedione and oestradiol were normal and that of oestrone was elevated;
      however, the testosterone:SHBG ratio, an index of free testosterone, was
      elevated. These observations indicate that the decline in SHBG levels which
      normally occurs in men during the second decade of life is independent of
      androgen activity and is under the influence of as yet unidentified factors.
      Glucocorticoids in small doses under the influence of as yet unidentified
      factors. Glucocorticoids in small doses increase SHBG levels independently of sex
      steroid alterations while elevated free testosterone concentration may contribute
      to suppression of SHBG in obesity.

PMID- 4062219
TI  - Clinical value of a sensitive immunoradiometric assay for TSH.
AB  - We have investigated a sensitive immunoradiometric assay for serum thyroid
      stimulating hormone (TSH) in 45 thyrotoxic patients not on treatment, 464
      euthyroid patients and 111 hypothyroid patients on replacement therapy. Forty
      three thyrotoxic and seven euthyroid patients were found to have an undetectable
      TSH (less than 0.2 mIU/L). Previous work has shown a very clear separation of
      thyrotoxic and euthyroid patients using sensitive TSH assays. However, our
      extended study here has revealed that a significant number of euthyroid patients
      with undetectable TSH (1.5% in our study) are likely to be found if TSH becomes
      the initial test for thyroid function. Thirty of the hypothyroid patients on
      thyroxine were found to have undetectable TSH, but only one showed clinical signs
      of thyrotoxicosis. Most of the patients, although having raised serum free T4,
      had serum free T3 levels within the euthyroid range or just slightly elevated.

PMID- 4062220
TI  - Measurement of copper, zinc and magnesium in serum and urine by DC plasma
      emission spectrometry.
AB  - The application of a DC plasma emission spectrometer to the measurement of
      copper, zinc and magnesium in serum and urine is reported. Each assay requires
      only a simple dilution in 1% nitric acid. Comparisons with standard atomic
      absorption techniques showed good analytical agreement, especially for copper and
      magnesium. Analysis of quality control preparations for copper and zinc gave
      results ranging from -1.5% to +3.6% of the stated values for five copper and four
      zinc experiments, with an unexplained result of +7.6% for one zinc experiment.
      Reference ranges were compiled for serum zinc and urinary copper which agreed
      closely with those established by atomic absorption and neutron activation
      analysis. Assays by DC plasma emission are thus precise and reproducible, and
      simple enough to authenticate the method for use in a clinical laboratory.

PMID- 4062221
TI  - Increase in serum testosterone following contact with blood cells.

PMID- 4062222
TI  - Use of octadecyl (C18) columns for the estimation of oestrogens in the urine of
      non-pregnant women.

PMID- 4062223
TI  - Bisalbuminaemia in myeloma.

PMID- 4062224
TI  - Infections in newborn infants in a special care unit. A changing pattern of
      infection.
AB  - An analysis of infections in the intensive and intermediate care nurseries
      (special care unit) of the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania was made
      over a three year period. From January 1982 to September 1984, 98 bacteremias
      were identified in 2571 infants, giving an overall incidence of 3.8 per 100
      infants admitted to the special care unit and 11.8 per 1000 hospital births; 7 of
      98 infants died, all from early onset disease. Fifty-eight percent of bacteremias
      were nosocomial. Gram positive organisms accounted for 89 percent of all
      bacteremias, with coagulase negative staphylococcus and beta hemolytic
      streptococcus Group B (GBS) being the most frequently identified organisms.
      Coagulase negative staphylococcus was responsible for 42 percent of bacteremias
      and 75 percent of all nosocomial infections during this period. Streptococcus
      Group B was responsible for 78 percent of early onset infection; mortality rate
      from GBS was 11 percent. In view of the changing pattern of infection and the
      predominance of coagulase negative staphylococcus, the therapy for nosocomial
      infection should include antibiotics effective against this organism.

PMID- 4062225
TI  - Optimization and evaluation of cardiac enzymes and isoenzymes measured on a
      random access analyzer.
AB  - Four serum enzymes and isoenzymes used in the diagnosis of acute myocardial
      infarction (AMI), lactate dehydrogenase LD and LD-1, creatine kinase (CK), and CK
      MB have been adapted to the Technicon RA-1000 automated clinical chemistry
      analyzer. Analytical parameters have been adjusted to provide clinically
      acceptable precision for all four assays. Correlations with centrifugal analyzer
      procedures gave correlation coefficients ranging from 0.998 to 0.999. A limited
      clinical study of the CK-MB assay indicated that a discriminant value of 13 U per
      L could separate AMI from non-AMI patients.

PMID- 4062226
TI  - Effects of drugs on the male and female reproductive systems.
AB  - Infertility, permanent or temporary, resulting from drug-induced injury is an
      important clinical problem. Many common used drugs are potentially toxic to
      gonads. It is well-known that estrogens are toxic to the male genital system, but
      androgens may also produce infertility. Anovulation may also be a consequence of
      exposure to sex steroids. Cimetidine regularly produces hypospermia in men;
      phenytoin does so occasionally. Marijuana has been shown to be a gonadal toxin,
      while the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) remain controversial. The
      most significant group of drugs that may injure the gonads is the cancer
      chemotherapeutic agents, of which the alkylating agents are the worst offenders.
      Prediction of infertility induced by these agents may be possible based on the
      duration of therapy and the patient's age and sex.

PMID- 4062227
TI  - Blood nickel concentrations in patients with stainless-steel hip prostheses.
AB  - Nickel concentrations were analyzed by electrothermal atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry in serum and whole blood specimens from patients 9 to 15 years
      after unilateral (N = 11) or bilateral (N = 2) hip arthroplasty. The hip
      prostheses were of the "Charnley" or "TR-28" (metal-to-plastic) types, fabricated
      of stainless-steel (14 to 16 percent Ni) with polyethylene acetabular cups. In 12
      of the 13 patients, nickel concentrations (+/- SD) averaged 0.30 +/- 0.25
      microgram per L (range 0.05 to 0.85) in serum and 0.36 +/- 0.20 microgram per L
      (range 0.11 to 0.67) in whole blood; these values did not differ significantly
      from the corresponding nickel concentrations in specimens from 30 healthy
      controls (0.28 +/- 0.24 microgram per L, range less than 0.05 to 1.08, in serum;
      0.34 +/- 0.28 microgram per L, range less than 0.05 to 1.05, in whole blood). The
      remaining patient, a 78-year-old man with bilateral hip arthroplasty, had nickel
      concentrations of 3.1 micrograms per L in serum and 2.3 micrograms per L in whole
      blood; renal insufficiency apparently contributed to hypernickelemia in this
      patient. The arthroplasty patients were asymptomatic with respect to their joint
      replacements; X-rays at the last follow-up examinations did not reveal bone
      resorption around the implants. This study shows that patients with stainless
      steel hip prostheses of the metal-to-plastic types do not develop hypernickelemia
      in the apparent absence of corrosion, local complications, or systemic
      conditions, such as renal insufficiency.

PMID- 4062228
TI  - Adverse pregnancy outcomes: information from the medical record.
AB  - Adverse reproductive outcomes were sought via medical records of 14 central
      Arkansas hospitals serving a five county area encompassing 28, 102 live births in
      the 1980 to 1982 study period. This population-based study estimated the overall
      congenital anomaly case incidence to be 3.5 percent of live births. Information
      on pregnancy history of the cases or on parental occupations was often not
      recorded in the medical records of infant or mother, precluding the use of these
      records for many etiologic investigations. Fetal wastage cases found through
      hospital sources encompassed 86 percent of the number reported to the Department
      of Health. Autopsies were performed in only 16 percent of fetal death cases. Many
      of the fetal death cases not subjected to autopsy had no apparent cause of death
      listed; reasons for this lack of investigation warrant further study. These
      pregnancy outcome data have been correlated with agricultural pesticide usage and
      can be examined in a variety of environmental contexts for development and
      testing of etiologic hypotheses.

PMID- 4062229
TI  - Enzyme reagents for measurement of phospholipids of amniotic fluid.
AB  - Enzymic procedures have been developed for the specific determination of three
      phospholipids in an effort to make the estimation of the phospholipids of
      amniotic fluid more sound analytically. Apart from the actual determination of
      these analytes (lecithin, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidylglycerol), these enzymic
      procedures facilitate the evaluation of a number of the basic premises and
      procedural steps involved with the traditional procedures for the evaluation of
      fetal lung maturity. To this end, the changes are reported in sphingomyelin
      concentrations with gestational age. Although lacking in sufficient clinical data
      to assign "cut-off" values as yet, the enzymic procedures seem to correlate well
      with the existing procedures and are analytically accurate and precise.

PMID- 4062230
TI  - Chemotactic factor induced neutrophil shape changes in whole blood. A comparison
      of adults and neonates.
AB  - To define further the nature of the decreased responsiveness of neonatal
      neutrophils to chemotactic factor stimulation, neutrophil shape change induced by
      various concentrations of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenyl-alanine (fMLP) was
      studied using a whole blood assay. Samples from 48 full term neonates and paired
      healthy adult controls were examined. The neutrophil response to the chemotactic
      peptide was assessed by the morphologic transformation from a spherical to a
      bipolar shape in monolayer blood smears made from fresh whole blood samples.
      Neonatal neutrophils were found to have increased responsiveness relative to
      adult controls at low concentrations of fMLP (10(-11) to 10(-9) M), resulting in
      a significantly lower calculated chemotactic peptide concentration necessary for
      a 50 percent maximal response (ED50) in neonatal cells (1.01 X 10(-9) M compared
      to 2.25 X 10(-9) M). The maximal response at higher concentrations of fMLP (5.0 X
      10(-9) to 10(-6) M) showed no differences between neonatal and adult cells,
      thereby supporting the concept that the early cellular events of the chemotactic
      factor activation in neonatal neutrophils are functionally intact.

PMID- 4062231
TI  - Computer assisted validation of binding assays for sex hormone binding globulin.
AB  - Accurate measurement of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) by 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone (DHT) binding assays requires the establishment of acceptable
      upper and lower limits of labelled DHT binding and the use of optimal quantities
      of radioinert DHT to displace labelled DHT. A computer assisted binding assay for
      SHBG is described in which upper and lower binding limits are derived
      mathematically from analysis of labelled DHT binding to eight concentrations of
      SHBG in the range 25 to 400 nM. The optimal quantity of radioinert DHT for a
      given SHBG concentration is also derived from these binding curves. A computer
      program determines whether or not, in a given sample, the binding of labelled DHT
      falls within these established binding limits and also calculates the
      concentration of SHBG. This technique reduces the number of tubes required in an
      assay and provides rapid validation and calculation of results.

PMID- 4062232
TI  - pH changes caused by bacterial growth in contaminated platelet concentrates.
AB  - While platelet concentrates are stored at room temperature, lactic and other
      acids are produced and the pH decreases as the buffering capacity of the plasma
      is exhausted. Platelet viability will be compromised if the pH decreases to pH
      6.0 and below. Similarly, a pH decrease can be produced also by bacterial
      contamination if the organisms produce acid as an end product. Thus the
      determination of pH could serve as a sensitive indicator of bacterial
      contamination. This hypothesis was tested by us by inoculating known organisms
      into platelet concentrations. It was found that the pH may decrease, may remain
      unchanged, or, in a few cases, even increase. Visual signs of contamination could
      be observed but not consistently enough to be entirely dependable. Therefore,
      this method does not appear to detect bacterial contamination reliably in
      platelet concentrates.

PMID- 4062233
TI  - [5th French Congress of Endocrinology. Bordeaux, 3-5 October 1985. Abstracts].

PMID- 4062234
TI  - Geographical distribution of common surnames in England and Wales.
AB  - Analysis of the geographical distribution of 84 common surnames indicated that
      nearly all surnames are not distributed at random, but show distinctive
      geographical patterning. Factor analysis also revealed that there were
      similarities between surname distributions. The first two factors highlighted
      primarily Welsh surnames while the third and fourth factors were generally north
      of England names, mainly those ending in 'son'.

PMID- 4062235
TI  - Relations between serum pepsinogen levels, pepsinogen phenotypes, ABO blood
      groups, age and sex in blood donors.
AB  - Serum pepsinogen A (pepsinogen I) levels and urinary pepsinogen A phenotypes were
      studied in relation to ABO blood group, age and sex in 700 healthy blood donors.
      There was no relation between urinary pepsinogen A phenotypes and serum
      pepsinogen A levels. It is concluded that serum PGA levels and PGA phenotypes are
      independent factors in predisposition to gastroduodenal disorders. Serum
      pepsinogen A levels were higher in males than in females and rose with increasing
      age. The ABO blood groups were not related to pepsinogen A phenotypes. Blood
      group O individuals showed higher serum pepsinogen A levels compared with blood
      group A. Pepsinogen A phenotypes with intensity of fraction 5 were more frequent
      in males compared with females.

PMID- 4062236
TI  - Polymorphism and genetic evolution in an isolate in the Antilles: Saint
      Barthelemy.
AB  - St Barthelemy, a small island near Guadaloupe, has been isolated since the
      eighteenth century. The population is made up of two geographical isolates,
      genetically separated. In each, the inbreeding level is increasing on account of
      random genetic drift, which is reinforced by village endogamy, equivalent to a
      kind of spouse selection. Consanguinity between spouses has been analysed to give
      an estimate of the contributions of random genetic drift and spouse choice to
      total inbreeding. A second estimate to inbreeding can be obtained from the
      variation in observed gene frequencies. The two estimates obtained are of the
      same order, 0.6-1.0%, and are comparable with those still observed in isolated
      villages of the French Pyrenees.

PMID- 4062237
TI  - Enamel thickness in 47,XYY males' permanent teeth.
AB  - Enamel thickness of the maxillary permanent central incisors and canines in 14
      47,XYY males, their male and female relatives and population-control males and
      females were determined from radiographs. The results indicated, although not
      fully unambiguously, that the thickness of enamel and that of 'dentin' (distance
      between mesial and distal dentino-enamel junctions) are increased in the teeth of
      47,XYY males compared with normal controls. Earlier results have indicated a
      direct growth-promoting effect of the Y chromosome on tooth growth by influencing
      both enamel formation and, possibly through cell proliferations, growth of
      dentin. The present results can be considered additional evidence for the
      presence of the factors within the Y chromosome controlling different growth
      processes. Tooth size measurements in two males with deletions of the parts of
      the y chromosome suggested that there may be a specific growth-promoting gene(s)
      in the non-fluorescent part of the long arm. It is suggested that the way of
      influence of the Y chromosome on the amelogenesis is regulatory, and that the
      difference in tooth size between males and females is explained by a differential
      growth-promoting effect of the Y chromosome compared to the X chromosome.

PMID- 4062239
TI  - Dizygotic twinning, birth weight and latitude.
AB  - In Europe and the USA, both mean birth weight and age-standardized dizygotic
      twinning rates correlate positively and significantly with latitude. It seems
      possible that these two sorts of correlation have explanations in common via
      pituitary action. Factors which may be responsible for such action are total
      consumption of food and consumption of specific items of diet, for example, milk
      products and potatoes. Lastly, one might wonder whether the association of
      photoperiodicity with latitude is relevant.

PMID- 4062238
TI  - Testing for the presence of genetic variance in factors of face measurements of
      Belgian twins.
AB  - Factor analysis with VARIMAX rotation was used to analyse 15 face measurements in
      Belgian same-sexed twins, aged 18-25 years: 39 dizygotic and 57 monozygotic male
      pairs and 42 dizygotic and 67 monozygotic female paris. According to Christian's
      model, we used the ratio of the within-mean squares of dizygotic and monozygotic
      pairs to test for the presence of a genetic component in the variance of the
      facial dimensions and of all the rotated factors were statistically significant
      (P less than 0.05), suggesting a genetic component in the variance. The
      probabilities of the F values were generally lower in males than in females. The
      factor analysis yielded five main factors of which three were well separated:
      face height, ear size and lips. The two others were breadth factors, but were
      less clearly defined, probably due to a bad selection of variables. A comparison
      of the F values of the factors with those of their contributing variables seemed
      to indicate that well-defined factors may better describe genetically determined
      structures than the original variables can.

PMID- 4062241
TI  - Fertility and mortality differences in relation to maternal body size.
AB  - The relationship between maternal stature, number of conceptions, offspring
      mortality and number of surviving children was studied in 291 Jalari women.
      Maternal stature averaged 150.98 cm, maternal age 35 years, number of conceptions
      5.1 and number of surviving children 4.2. Adjusting for age and number of
      conceptions, the relationship between maternal stature and surviving children is
      significantly negative. Shorter women show significantly higher number of
      conceptions and surviving children than taller women (P less than 0.05).
      Intensity of natural selection (I) is computed for height and weight.

PMID- 4062240
TI  - Dermal ridge patterns and fertility in a Polish rural sample.
AB  - The relationship between ridge counts and pattern intensities on fingers, palms
      and soles, and number of pregnancies, number of surviving children, maternal age
      at birth of first child, and miscarriages was investigated in a rural Polish
      sample of 273 females. All subjects had completed their reproduction by the time
      of investigation and the use of contraceptives was negligible. Results show that
      females with a history of miscarriage have lower mean ridge counts on all fingers
      and lower pattern intensity on all fingers except V, with statistically
      significant differences for fingers III and IV. The results also suggest a
      relationship between the intensity of patterns on fingers II and V and in thenar
      areas, with the number of pregnancies and/or surviving offspring. The limitations
      of the present data and a need for more specific investigations are discussed.

PMID- 4062242
TI  - The sex ratio of Oriental births.
AB  - It has been hypothesized that high maternal gonadotrophin levels at the time of
      conception are causally associated with subsequent births of female infants.
      Dizygotic (DZ) twinning rates correlate positively with maternal gonadotrophin
      level. Hence, if the hypothesis were correct, DZ twinning and sex ratio should
      correlate negatively across other variables Oriental births have low DZ twinning
      rates, so if the hypothesis were true, oriental sex ratios should be high. In
      this report published evidence on this point is reviewed, and data on the sexes
      of Oriental births in the USA are examined. In general (and in conformity with
      the hypothesis), Oriental births seem to have higher sex ratios than white
      births, and in the USA, Filipino and Chinese births have significantly higher sex
      ratios than white births. But the USA Japanese births have a sex ratio that is
      non-significantly lower than the white sex ratio. Thus the bulk of data on the
      point seem to support the hypothesis, but there are exceptions.

PMID- 4062243
TI  - Biases in prediction equations.

PMID- 4062244
TI  - Copper deficiency effects on cardiovascular system and lipid metabolism in the
      rat; the role of dietary proteins and excessive zinc.
AB  - Weanling rats were fed a copper-deficient purified diet. The effects of varying
      the type of protein and supplements of copper and zinc on cardiovascular
      pathology and some biochemical parameters were investigated. It was found that
      cardiomyopathy developed in the copper-deficient groups. Milk powder caused
      significant exacerbation of this development relative to dietary casein or egg
      white. Angiopathy developed only when dietary zinc was 20 ppm. Dietary copper did
      not change this situation. Serum cholesterol was elevated when copper was low and
      casein or milk powder were the protein source. The data point to an interaction
      between type of protein and dietary copper or zinc in the pathogenesis of
      cardiovascular lesions.

PMID- 4062245
TI  - Cholesterol-lowering and HDL-raising properties of lecithinated soy proteins in
      type II hyperlipidemic patients.
AB  - Plasma lipoprotein changes were evaluated in 65 type II patients undergoing
      sequential 4-week dietary treatments with: (I) standard low-lipid diet; (II) low
      lipid diet with total replacement of animal proteins with textured soy proteins
      containing 6% of lecithin (L-TVP); (III) standard low-lipid diet; (IV) low-lipid
      diet with a 50% substitution of animal proteins with L-TVP. Total cholesterolemia
      was significantly reduced in both periods of L-TVP administration: -18.6% during
      phase II (total replacement) and -13.2% during phase IV (partial replacement).
      High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels tended to increase during L-TVP
      administration. However, only patients in the mid- and low tertiles for HDL
      cholesterolemia showed a significant increase of HDL levels during L-TVP. This
      'normalizing' activity of L-TVP on plasma lipoproteins, even when administered as
      a partial dietary substituent, may be of clinical interest for subgroups of
      patients at high vascular risk.

PMID- 4062246
TI  - Fed and fasting thermoregulation in ob/ob mice.
AB  - The body temperatures of mature lean and obese C57BL/6J mice were measured just
      after feeding, during ad libitum access to food, or every 24 h throughout a 3-day
      fast. Obese mice had body temperatures 1.0-1.4 degrees C lower than lean mice in
      the postprandial state and during ad libitum feeding. During food deprivation,
      obese mice became more hypothermic than lean sex-matched controls. A 5 degrees C
      fall in body temperature was observed in mutant females in the first 24 h of
      starvation, about twice that seen in any other experimental group. Over the same
      period the temperature changes of obese males and lean females were similar and
      both groups had larger hypothermic responses than lean males. The present results
      indicate that both genotype and gender affect thermoregulation in these mice.
      Under normal colony room conditions (ad libitum feeding, 23 degrees C) the ob/ob
      mutation is expressed by lower body temperatures which along with hypoactivity
      and hyperphagia account for the high rates of energy storage. When food
      availability is limited, females of both phenotypes display an increased capacity
      to reduce their maintenance energy requirements by lowering body temperatures.
      This hypothermia may be responsible for both the increased conservation of body
      mass seen during starvation and the slightly greater (5%) fat stores observed in
      female mice.

PMID- 4062247
TI  - Influence of the mother's weight and socioeconomic status on the fatty acid
      composition of human milk.
AB  - The influences of the maternal diet and of the mothers' nutritional and
      socioeconomic status on the fatty acid composition of human milk have not yet
      been fully elucidated. Fatty acids from capric (8:0) to docosahexaenoic (22:6w3)
      acids were determined in 209 samples of human milk obtained from voluntary
      donors. Samples were classified according to the time of lactation and in
      relation to the socioeconomic status and to the weight of the lactating women.
      Capric and lauric acid increased in mature milk while palmitic and stearic acids
      decreased. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the w6 and w3 series with more
      than 18 carbon atoms also decreased from colostrum to mature milk. However, the
      ratio w3 PUFA/w6 PUFA remained unaltered. Oleic acid decreased in milk from
      mothers of a medium and low socioeconomic status who consumed almost exclusively
      seed vegetable oils. The mother's weight did not influence the fatty acid
      composition of her milk.

PMID- 4062248
TI  - Orally administered methionine alters the growth of tooth germs in newborn rats.
AB  - The effects of methionine intubation via gastric needle on the growth of incisor
      and molar tooth germs in newborn rats were investigated. Upon delivery, the pups
      were divided into groups of 8 and randomly assigned to dams which were then
      randomly assigned to three groups. Then the pups were intubated in the stomach
      with (a) no methionine - group I, (b) 0.1 g methionine per 100 g body weight -
      group II, or (c) 0.2 g methionine - group III, from day 3 to day 13 on every
      other day. At day 15, the average body weights of pups among the three groups
      showed no difference statistically, though animals in group III showed a 17.5%
      mortality rate; there were no deaths in the other two groups. There was
      inadequate hair growth in some pups in group III. The weights of incisor and of
      molar tooth germs in group II were heavier than in groups I and III. The total
      hydroxyproline content of incisor tooth germs in group II was also greater than
      in the other groups, whereas there was no difference in molar tooth germs on this
      parameter among all groups. Collagen synthesis of both tooth germs was highest in
      group III compared to other groups. The total amount of calcium in both tooth
      germs showed no difference among groups, but values were consistently higher in
      group II. 45Ca uptake showed no difference among groups. The present results
      indicate that the amount of methionine received by growing pups alters the
      composition of developing tooth germs, but that incisor and molar tooth germs are
      affected differently.

PMID- 4062249
TI  - Detection of antibodies directed against the pre-S gene product of hepatitis B
      virus: relationship between anti-pre-S response and recovery.
AB  - A haemagglutination test and a radioimmunoassay were developed for determination
      of the pre-S-gene-encoded antigenic specificity of hepatitis B virus. The
      reaction for pre-S-coded determinants was specifically inhibited by the antibody
      produced in patients recovering from acute type B hepatitis. Kinetics of
      synthesis of anti-pre-S antibody in the course of acute type hepatitis followed
      by elimination of HBsAg and recovery suggest the important role of this antibody
      in immunological neutralization and clearance of infective HBV particles. The
      possible protective role of anti-pre-S antibody and the use of pre-S-determinant
      positive HBsAg particles in HBV vaccines should be considered.

PMID- 4062250
TI  - Methodologies, findings, and implications of chemical carcinogenesis studies:
      their significance for hazard assessment (review).
AB  - The experimental techniques, methods of evaluation, and environmental
      implications of the findings of chemical carcinogenesis studies and related
      subject areas are herein critically reviewed. It is concluded that firstly,
      certain presently used procedures provide the best possibilities for the study of
      the hazardous nature of chemicals. Secondly, other matters, including the dosage
      of chemicals, animal species, meaning of the term "tumor induction", values of
      short-term tests, evaluation of tumor incidences, relation of the responses of
      humans and animals to carcinogenic stimuli, require new attitudes, innovative
      approaches, and meaningful changes. Thirdly, some of the issues are and will
      remain controversial until our basic knowledge substantially improves. Finally,
      it appears advisable to abandon some of the dogmatic attitudes for a more
      flexible approach.

PMID- 4062251
TI  - Different melphalan toxicity and DNA cross-linking in human melanoma cells as
      compared to phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes.
AB  - The cytotoxic effect of melphalan, measured as drug induced inhibition of
      cellular 3H-thymidine incorporation, was lower in RPMI 8322 melanoma cells than
      in phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes. Melphalan induced a 1.8-fold
      higher level of total cross-linking and a 1.5-fold higher level of DNA
      interstrand cross-linking in the phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes
      compared to the RPMI 8322 melanoma cells. In addition, higher levels of cross
      linking were found in the newly synthesized DNA of lymphocytes in S-phase, as
      compared to S-phase RPMI 8322 cells. The cellular incorporation of 3H-melphalan
      was about four times higher in RPMI 8322 cells than in phytohaemagglutinin
      stimulated lymphocytes. Thus, the lower toxicity of melphalan in RPMI 8322 cells
      and the lower levels of melphalan induced DNA cross-linking in these cells is due
      to intracellular factors rather than a lower cellular uptake of melphalan.

PMID- 4062252
TI  - Therapeutic activity of ICRF-159 combined with surgery: effects of postsurgical
      treatment with cyclophosphamide in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma lines.
AB  - The therapeutic activity of the combined treatment with surgery and ICRF-159,
      measured in terms of increase of the survival time, has been tested in mice
      bearing two Lewis lung carcinoma lines having different potential to
      spontaneously metastasize (M1087 high; BM21548 low). As expected from the
      characteristics of this drug, a significant prolongation of the survival time of
      the treated hosts can be achieved only after presurgical treatment; the overall
      effect is greater using the tumor line with low metastatic ability. The response
      of the two tumor lines used to postoperative treatment with Cyclophosphamide also
      depends upon the tumor line used. The preoperative treatment of the animals with
      ICRF-159 markedly increases the response to Cyclophosphamide of the low
      responding M1087 line.

PMID- 4062253
TI  - Induction of a tumor-specific immunity by re-transplantation of conditioned
      macrophages.
AB  - Syngenic macrophages "conditioned" in the supernatant of a S-180 sarcoma cell
      culture were applied to mice. When inoculating S-180 cells into these mice later,
      they only rarely developed a tumor of smaller size compared to control animals
      which had not previously received conditioned macrophages. To achieve such an
      adopted immunity, it is important to keep the time short between trypsinization
      of macrophages and their injection to the host. Since human macrophages can
      easily be obtained, this method may present a perspective for tumor prevention in
      man.

PMID- 4062254
TI  - Influence of human leukocyte interferon (HuIFN-alpha/Le/) and cimetidine on the
      proliferation of cultured melanoma cells in vitro.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of combined treatment
      with partially purified leukocyte interferon and cimetidine in patients with
      metastatic malignant melanoma. To study possible effector mechanisms behind this
      anti-tumor activity, the antiproliferative effect in vitro on two human melanoma
      cell lines by the two substances used singly or in combination was investigated.
      Both cell lines demonstrated a dose-dependent sensitivity to interferon. Over a
      concentration range of 10(-4) to 10(-7) M cimetidine did not exert an anti
      proliferative effect, nor did it enhance the effect of interferon. Only at higher
      concentrations did cimetidine suppress the growth of one of the lines. These
      results suggest that the observed clinical effect is not mediated by an
      augmentation of a direct growth inhibitory effect of interferon by cimetidine.

PMID- 4062255
TI  - Evaluation of creatine kinase isoenzyme BB as a marker of neoplastic growth in
      Yoshida ascites hepatoma of the rat.
AB  - A considerable interest has recently been shown for the measurement of isoenzyme
      BB of creatine kinase as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator of tumor growth.
      This isoenzyme belongs to the group of oncofetal antigens and in human cancer
      elevated levels occur frequently in patients with metastatic disease. In this
      study we have attempted to quantify CK-BB serum levels during the growth of an
      experimental tumor (Yoshida Hepatoma AH 130) in male albino rats to determine if
      a significant correlation exists between isoenzyme serum levels and the rate of
      tumor growth. Creatine kinase-BB was measured spectrophotometrically by
      immunoinhibition of creatine kinase-M subunits. CK-BB normal values were 4.19 +/-
      0.4 U/L and between days 5 and 9, where there is an increase in the rate of
      proliferation of neoplastic cells, CK-BB serum levels reaches its maximum 69.01
      +/- 2.2 U/L. These data are in agreement with the hypothesis that the highest
      isoenzyme levels are a measure of the aggressiveness of the neoplastic clone.
      Moreover, this hypothesis is consistent with the proposed mathematical model, and
      we plan to expand this line of study to evaluate the predictive potential of this
      tumor marker in man.

PMID- 4062256
TI  - Post-partum antibody-dependent cell-mediated immunity in the rat following
      perinatal exposure to iodine-131.
AB  - A study was recently completed which indicated the first generation of adult rats
      that had been exposed perinatally to iodine-131 possessed peripheral blood
      lymphoid-cells capable of expressing cytotoxicity towards cultured small bowel
      adenocarcinoma target cells, i.e., active antitumor cell-mediated immunity (CMI).
      The results gathered during the current investigation suggest that such animals
      similarly express anti-tumor antibody-dependent cell-mediated immunity (ADCC).
      The animal model employed consisted of Fisher F344 inbred rats exposed to iodine
      131 (sodium) during their 16th to 18th day of gestation, and at an interval of
      two months post-partum when the offsprings had matured into adults, they and
      their mothers were evaluated for the presence of serum components capable of
      expressing ADCC activities toward X-ray induced small bowel adenocarcinoma target
      cells. Significant ADCC activities were found to be expressed by the offspring
      while no analogous immunological responses could be detected in the serum of the
      mothers. This lack of maternal ADCC activity suggests the existence of a
      biological block developing during pregnancy resulting in the mother being
      immunological nonresponsive to carcinogenic insults. One serum component present
      in the offspring identified as being responsible for initiating ADCC was an
      immunoglobulin of the IgG class as based upon its physical characteristics:
      solubility, molecular weight, and reactivity with anti-immunoglobulins, pepsin,
      and protein A. The interpretation of these findings is that perinatal exposure to
      radioiodine results in the development of cells having foreign-like properties in
      the offspring which are recognized by the animal's immune system, thus resulting
      in detectable antitumor CMI and ADCC immune responses.

PMID- 4062257
TI  - Lysis and growth stimulation of a murine melanoma determined by density of
      macrophage populations.
AB  - Activated macrophages were found to induce opposite effects on the growth of the
      F10 variant of B16 melanoma in both in vivo and in vitro systems. Low macrophage
      numbers had lytic effects and high numbers stimulated the growth of the melanoma.
      In fact, the number of macrophages per area (namely, their density) was found to
      determine whether lysis or growth stimulation would occur. Low density
      macrophages were found to be structurally and functionally different from high
      density macrophages. Macrophages in sparse cultures were round, separate, and
      lysed tumor cells, while crowded macrophages appeared spread, with pseudopodia,
      and caused enhancement of tumor growth.

PMID- 4062258
TI  - Opposite effects on tumor growth depending on dose of an immunomodulatory
      polysaccharide with or without cyclophosphamide.
AB  - Opposite effects on the growth of the F10 variant of B16 melanoma--inhibitory and
      stimulatory--were found with varying doses of the polysaccharide levan. Low (0.1
      and 1 mg) daily doses inhibited, while high (5 and 10 mg) doses enhanced tumor
      growth. In combined cyclophosphamide-levan treatment, these opposite effects were
      more pronounced.

PMID- 4062259
TI  - Abstracts of the First International Conference of Anticancer Research. October
      26-30, 1985, Loutraki, Greece.

PMID- 4062261
TI  - Incidence of cleft chin among the Adi and Apatani of Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast
      India.
AB  - The occurrence of cleft chin was studied among five endogamous groups (Padam,
      Minyong, Pasi, Gallong, Apatani) of Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India. The
      incidence of this trait is low in all the groups. Thus, the populations are
      characterized by low frequencies of the gene Cl. Bisexual difference is
      significant only among the Minyong. While compared with other populations from
      Northeast India, the Mongoloid populations were found to be distinct from the
      only caste population, which has been investigated so far.

PMID- 4062260
TI  - Anthropological studies in Assam, India. 1. Observations on five Mongoloid
      populations.
AB  - Five Mongoloid population groups from Upper Assam (Ahom, Chutia, Deuri, Mishing
      and Moran) have been investigated for the distribution of anthropometric and
      dermatoglyphic traits as well as for that of ABO blood groups and PTC taste
      sensitivity. The results are discussed with special reference to extent and
      causes of intergroup variability.

PMID- 4062262
TI  - G-6-PD and haemoglobin variants among twelve endogamous Dhangar castes of
      Maharashtra, India.
AB  - Incidence of haemoglobin variants and G-6-PD deficiency among 1385 males
      belonging to 12 endogamous Dhangar castes of Maharashtra, India, have been
      reported. Of the 12 castes studied 11 lacked the allele for G-6-PD deficiency;
      2.7% of the Thellaris were found to be deficient. Haemoglobin Hb-D trait is found
      in 2 of the 12 castes; the incidence among Ahirs and Hatkars being 0.82% and
      1.91%, respectively. One case of Hb-J among the Ahirs, and 2 examples of
      thalassaemia trait, one each among Ahirs and Gadharis, have been detected. The
      low incidence of observed G-6-PD deficiency and the detection of Hb-D and J
      traits, as well as thalassaemia have been discussed in the light of the nomadic
      way of life of some of the Dhangar castes and prevalence of malaria in the region
      they occupy. The data strongly suggest that the Dhangars arrived in Maharashtra
      in the recent past from northwest.

PMID- 4062263
TI  - Simian crease polymorphism among fifteen Iranian endogamous groups.
AB  - In palm prints of 3266 individuals from 15 Iranian endogamous groups the palmar
      crease types were analysed using the simian crease classification proposed by
      Bhanu (1973). There is little evidence of differences between sexes or hands. The
      range of variations among the populations is considerable, not only in the
      pattern frequency, but also in the lateral symmetry. Comparisons with other
      populations show that the frequencies of the transitional and simian crease types
      tend to be low in Iranian populations.

PMID- 4062264
TI  - Hand clasping and arm folding in the Basque population.
AB  - Hand clasping and arm folding have been analysed in 286 males and 455 females of
      the Basques. The results are compared with those from other Spanish populations.
      Examination of the association between hand clasping and arm folding shows a
      strong correlation between the right type of one and the left type of the other.

PMID- 4062265
TI  - Incidence of finger pattern types and pattern intensity in a Spanish population
      (Tierra de Campos).
AB  - The incidence of finger pattern types and the pattern intensity distribution in a
      Spanish sample (417 males and 416 females) drawn from the geographical area of
      Tierra de Campos have been studied. Sexual and bilateral differences for both
      dermatoglyphic traits were explored by means of chi 2-test and Mann-Whitney U
      test, showing significant differences in all cases, excepting the sexual
      difference between left hands for pattern intensity. Kolmogorov test for
      distribution normality showed that pattern intensity was not normally
      distributed, being the distributions right skewed because of the low frequency of
      classes with fewer triradii. The results obtained in Tierra de Campos were
      compared with those observed in other Spanish and Portuguese populations, showing
      more heterogeneity in the pattern types than in pattern intensity. This could
      imply that arches account for the main source of variation between populations.
      Moreover, pattern type frequencies and pattern intensity in Tierra de Campos are,
      as expected, within the variation ranges of Southeuropean-Mediterranean
      populations and Caucasians as a whole, although the incidence of radial loops is
      located in the lower extremes of the corresponding variation ranges.

PMID- 4062266
TI  - The influence of some socio-demographic factors on body weight and stature of 6
      18 years old boys from Cairo, Egypt.
AB  - Body weight and stature have been studied in a cross-sectional sample of 926
      Egyptian boys aged 6-18 in relation to age, level of education of parents,
      sibship size and order of birth. The results show that education of either parent
      has obvious influence on body weight and to a lesser extent on stature. The
      impact of parental level of education on both characters is particularly
      significant, if the two parents are equally educated or not. The boys of smaller
      sibship size (3 or less) have heavier weight and taller stature than those of
      bigger sibship size (4 or more sibs). There is no consistancy in the relationship
      between birth order and either weight or stature. Body weight, however, is
      heavier for the first and second child than for the later children. Nevertheless,
      boys of any of the four studied categories (first, second, third, and fourth or
      more child) might be the tallest in one age group and the shortest in another.

PMID- 4062267
TI  - [Effect of carbohydrate catabolic repression on the accumulation and
      intracellular distribution of methionine in Acremonium chrysogenum--the producer
      of cephalosporin C].
AB  - Dependence of the content of intracellular methionine and its distribution
      between the fraction of the high-molecular intracellular compounds and the
      cytoplasmic amino acid pool in the cephalosporin C-producing organism A.
      chrysogenum on the content of the carbohydrate source in the medium was studied.
      In the presence of both glucose and sucrose accumulation of methionine in the
      cells was observed prior to the antibiotic production. With the use of 35S- or
      2(14)C-methionine it was shown that glucose had no repressing effect on
      methionine transport by the cells of different age (24 and 72 hours). In the
      presence of glucose the higher levels of 35S- or 2(14)C-methionine were detected
      in the fraction of the low-molecular compounds of the cells within the first 36
      hours of the culture growth. Apparently, the intracellular methionine was used to
      a larger extent for protein synthesis rather than for construction of the
      antibiotic molecule.

PMID- 4062268
TI  - [Study of the growth of Streptomyces rimosus cultures during controlled
      biosynthesis of oxytetracycline using differential sucrose density gradient
      centrifugation].
AB  - The developmental characteristics of the oxytetracycline-producing organism were
      studied with differential centrifuging over the sucrose density gradient. It was
      shown that the fermentation broth of Streptomyces rimosus is divided into 7
      mycelial fractions and only 2 of them are capable of biosynthesis of
      oxytetracycline. During controlled biosynthesis of oxytetracycline the mycelium
      content in these fractions was higher.

PMID- 4062269
TI  - [Binding by subcellular fractions of rat liver homogenate and intracellular
      distribution of antibiotics in acute radiation injury].
AB  - In vitro binding of tetracycline, gentamicin, erythromycin and rifampicin by the
      liver organoids and intracellular distribution of the antibiotics in the
      hepatocytes of rats with acute irradiation disease were studied. Total gamma
      irradiation of the animals with 60Co in a dose of 750 R resulted in the
      development of a typical radiation disease and induced pronounced changes in
      binding of tetracycline, gentamicin and erythromycin by isolated subcellular
      fractions. Simultaneous impairment of the antibiotic intracellular distribution
      was observed. Rifampicin interaction with the cell structures was unchanged. It
      is suggested that there is a relation between the level of the impairment of the
      antibiotic cell pharmacokinetics in acute radiation disease and the mechanism of
      the drug intracellular binding in health.

PMID- 4062270
TI  - [Effect of prodigiozan, levamisole and methyluracil on endogenous colony
      formation and absorptive function of the reticuloendothelial system].
AB  - The effect of prodigiosan, levamisole and methyluracil on the number of endogenic
      colonies in the spleen and absorptive function of the reticuloendothelial system
      (RES) was studied comparatively in intact mice and mice treated with
      prednisolone, cyclophosphamide and chloramphenicol. It was shown that prodigiosan
      stimulated the endogenic colony formation with all the administration schemes in
      both the intact animals and the animals treated with chloramphenicol. The
      stimulating effect of methyluracil was observed, when it was used
      prophylactically. The effect of levamisole was not consistent. A significant
      stimulating effect of prodigiosan on absorptive function of the RES in the intact
      animals and the animals treated with prednisolone was shown. Methyluracil
      increased absorption of staphylococci by the macrophages in the intact animals.
      The effect of levamisole on the intact animals was not observed, while in the
      animals treated with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide it stimulated the
      absorptive capacity of the RES. Levamisole did not change the effect of
      prodigiosan and methyluracil on endogenous colony formation when used
      therapeutically, prevented the prodigiosan effect and potentiated the effect of
      methyluracil on absorptive function of the RES.

PMID- 4062271
TI  - [Use of bioflavonoids to prevent the harmful action of tetracycline on the
      liver].
AB  - It was shown in experiments on male albino rats that the plant bioflavonoids
      flamin, flakumin and tanaflon had hepatoprotective properties in liver function
      impairment caused by tetracycline intoxication. This was evident from a
      significant improvement of biliary secretion, synthesis and secretion of bile
      acids and bile secretion of bilirubin and cholesterol not only in the animals
      untreated with tetracycline but also in the controls. A decrease in the activity
      of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase
      in the serum was indicative of the pronounced hepatoprotective effect of the
      bioflavonoids. They inhibited lipid peroxidation in the hepatocyte membranes
      evident from a decrease in the content of malonic dialdehyde and diene conjugates
      in liver homogenates. The antioxidant properties were especially pronounced in
      tanaflon. Correlation between lipid peroxidation, activity of the transferases
      and alkaline phosphatase and cholopoiesis both in tetracycline intoxication and
      in the prophylaxis and treatment with flamin, flakumin and tanaflon was shown.

PMID- 4062272
TI  - [Laboratory methods of controlling the effectiveness of antibacterial therapy].
AB  - The serum antibacterial activity (SAA) against causative agent isolated after the
      use of antibiotics was studied in 68 patients with pyoseptic diseases. The SAA
      ranged from 1:2 to 1:512 and depended on the antibiotic sensitivity of the
      causative agents. Antibiotic therapy was effective, when the SAA was equal to 1:8
      1:512. With the use of monotherapy the adequacy of the regimens was controlled by
      the relation between the maximal blood level of the antibiotic and its MIC for
      the causative agent. The favourable clinical effect of the treatment with
      aminoglycosides and beta-lactams corresponded to the SAA exceeding 4.

PMID- 4062274
TI  - [Tasks of the medical industry in the concluding year of the 5-Year Plan].

PMID- 4062273
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of ampicillin in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers and
      patients having undergone Billroth II gastric resection].
AB  - It has been shown that exacerbation of gastric and duodenal ulcers results in a
      more complete absorption of ampicillin administered per os. Pyloric stenosis
      retarded ampicillin absorption. Billroth II stomach resection does not change the
      drug kinetics in the blood.

PMID- 4062275
TI  - [Process of gentamycin sorption in liquid- and solid-phase countercurrent flow].
AB  - The experimental data on sorption of gentamicin from model solutions in a
      continuous multisectional apparatus with a counter-current flow of liquid and
      solid phases are presented. Carboxylic cation exchange resins were used in the
      study. The effect of various parameters on gentamicin sorption was investigated
      and the rational process conditions were determined. The use of counter-current
      sorption for isolation of gentamicin from solutions was shown to be efficient.

PMID- 4062276
TI  - [Determination of the epoxide hydrolase activity in the peripheral blood
      lymphocytes of mammals].
AB  - A highly sensitive method for determination of the activity of epoxide hydrolase
      (EH) (EC 3.3.2.3) in the mammalian lymphocytes was developed. 9,10-Epoxy-9,10
      dihydrophenanthrene was used as substrate. For elimination of the enzyme latency
      the lymphocytes were solubilized with lubrol PX, a nonionic detergent. 9,10
      Hydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene was estimated quantitatively by the method of
      the internal standard (1-naphthol) after reversed phase HPLC. The time of
      chromatographic matographic separation was 2.5 minutes. By the pH optimum EH in
      the lymphocytes differed from microsomal EH. However, the structure of their
      active sites was similar. Among the species studied (mice, rats, guinea-pigs,
      man), the lowest activity of EH was detected in the lymphocytes of mice and the
      highest activity in the lymphocytes of guinea-pigs. The activity of EH in the
      lymphocytes of man was 10-20 times higher than the sensitivity limit of the
      method (5 pkmol/mg/min). By its sensitivity and reproducibility and the level of
      the activity determined the method is much more superior to the methods described
      in the literature.

PMID- 4062277
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the effect of immunostimulants on the dehydrogenase
      activity of the mouse thymus].
AB  - Comparative biochemical estimation of the influence of yeast RNA, prodigiosan and
      levamisole on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and
      glutamate dehydrogenase in the thymus of mice was carried out. It was shown that
      the immunostimulants induced different qualitative and quantitative changes in
      the activity of the enzymes. Administration of yeast RNA resulted in activation
      of lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase.
      Prodigiosan increased the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and glutamate
      dehydrogenase but not that of malate dehydrogenase. The action of levamisole was
      characterized by long-term activation of glutamate dehydrogenase. The possible
      mechanisms of the influence of these drugs on the metabolic activity of the
      thymus are discussed.

PMID- 4062278
TI  - [Effect of mytilan--a polysaccharide from Crenomytilus grayanus--on local
      suppurative processes].
AB  - The study on the effect of mytilan on the local suppurative processes caused by
      administration of a virulent staphylococcal culture to the mouse pad showed that
      this polysaccharide isolated from Crenomytilus grayanus had a pronounced
      antiexudative and antinecrotic effect. The positive results of the experiments
      may be explained by stimulation of the phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes and macrophages by mytilan which results in acceleration of the
      reparative processes in local staphylococcal infection. Hence, nonspecific
      stimulation of the defense mechanisms in local suppurative infection by mytilan
      and its antiexudative and antinecrotic effect are promising for investigation of
      the possibility of the mytilan clinical use.

PMID- 4062279
TI  - [Clinical pharmacokinetics of the antitumor antibiotic reumycin: an analysis of
      individual variability].
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of reumycin, an antitumor antibiotic, was studied with high
      performance liquid chromatography in patients with tumors of the brain and
      kidneys. The drug was injected intravenously in single doses of 30-300 mg. It was
      shown that the pharmacokinetics of reumycin was nonlinear and within every dose
      could be depicted by a three- or two-compartmental model. Its nonlinearity was
      due to saturation of the antibiotic binding to blood plasma proteins. 20-40 per
      cent of the intact antibiotic was excreted with the urine unchanged, which
      indicated a significant role of extrarenal excretion of the antibiotic. The dose
      dependence of the pharmacokinetic parameters and in the particular of the area
      under the reumycin blood concentration on the time curve and cumulative renal
      excretion varied with patients. Distribution of patients by these parameters was
      bimodal. This factor and the differences in renal excretion caused significant
      variability in the reumycin pharmacokinetics, which required individualization
      and control of the antibiotic use in patients. The reumycin half-life in man
      predicted with the use of the Dedrick pharmacokinetic time scale by the data of
      experiments on rats appeared close to that established in patients (41 and 33.5
      hours, respectively).

PMID- 4062280
TI  - [Bacteriological indications for the choice of antibacterial preparations in the
      cancer clinic].
AB  - Opportunistic microorganisms with multiple drug resistance are the main causative
      agents of infectious complications in oncological patients. The spectrum of the
      causative agents and their antibiotic sensitivity change with introduction of new
      drugs. This requires constant control over the composition of the causative
      agents and their sensitivity. Such a control provides rational antibacterial
      therapy when the causative agent is in virtue of some reasons unknown or the
      bacteriological data are not available. The prophylactic use of antibacterial
      drugs is of limited value, largely in operations on the gastrointestinal tract
      and other naturally contaminated cavities.

PMID- 4062281
TI  - [Antibiotic sensitivity of pneumococci isolated in chronic bronchitis and
      bronchial asthma].
AB  - Antibiotic sensitivity of 218 pneumococcal strains isolated from sputum of 140
      patients with chronic bronchitis and 78 patients with infectious and allergic
      bronchial asthma in Tomsk at the period from September 1981 to March 1984 was
      studied by the agar diffusion method with the use of standard sensitivity disks.
      A significant number of the isolates were resistant or little sensitive to
      tetracycline (54 per cent) and monomycin (42 per cent). It should be noted that
      5.5 per cent of the pneumococcal strains were resistant or little sensitive to
      benzylpenicillin. The decreased sensitivity of the pneumococcal strains to many
      of the widely used antibiotics and especially occurrence of benzylpenicillin
      resistant strains require determination of the sensitivity of the pneumococcal
      strains isolated from each patient with aggravation of chronic bronchitis and
      infectious and allergic bronchial asthma.

PMID- 4062282
TI  - [Effect of antioxidants and complexons on the stability of the microbiological
      standard for mycoheptin].
AB  - Stability is one of the most important indices of the quality of antibiotic
      microbiological standards. At present the expiry date of the mycoheptin standard
      (a specially purified preparation) is 1 year when stored in sealed ampoules in an
      inert gas at a temperature of -20 degrees C. To prolong the expiry date of the
      standard the effect of various antiohidants and complexons on its stability was
      studied with the method of "accelerated aging". Sodium hexametaphosphate and
      Trilon B were tested as complexing agents and propyl gallate, ionol, N-phenyl-2
      napththyl amine, mannitol and their mixtures were tested as antioxidants. The
      substances were applied in an amount of 3 per cent of the antibiotic weight. The
      favourable effect of the complexons on mycoheptin stability was shown. Their
      stabilizing effect was potentiated by addition of certain antioxidants.

PMID- 4062283
TI  - [Fatty-acid composition of staphylococci induced by antibiotic AL-87 as a marker
      of their resistance or sensitivity to the given antibiotic].
AB  - Three strains of S. aureus isolated from patients were studied and it was shown
      that their population was heterogenous with respect to antibiotic AL-87: it
      contained both the antibiotic sensitive and the antibiotic resistant species in
      different ratios. The fatty acid composition induced by low concentrations of the
      antibiotic (subbacteriostatic for the sensitive microorganism) characterized by
      predominance of branched chain fatty acids in the antibiotic sensitive
      microorganisms and straight chain fatty acids in the antibiotic resistant
      microorganisms may serve a marker of sensitivity or resistance. Therefore, the
      data are indicative of the presence of genetic information in staphylococci
      determining their resistance to antibiotic AL-87 not yet used in medical
      practice.

PMID- 4062284
TI  - Comparison of the effects of chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose and polyacrylic acid on
      the multiplication of phytopathogenic viruses.
AB  - Polyacrylic acid (PAA) and chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose (COAM) inhibit the
      multiplication of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in leaf disks by up to 50%. The
      reduction in TMV content is time-dependent and decreases with longer time
      intervals between the virus infection and the application of substances. The
      multiplication of potato virus X (PVX) in leaf disks is not affected by either
      PAA or COAM. In intact plants PAA produces a strong antiviral effect on both PVX
      and red clover mottle virus (RCMV). The effect produced by COAM is much less
      pronounced, although this substance is less toxic and could be used in a higher
      concentration than PAA. Neither of these compounds has a significant influence on
      the development of virus-induced necroses in Nicotiana glutinosa, Gomphrena
      globosa or Phaseolus vulgaris plants when administered one day before or after
      virus infection.

PMID- 4062285
TI  - Purification and characterization of an extracellular Mn(II)-dependent peroxidase
      from the lignin-degrading basidiomycete, Phanerochaete chrysosporium.
AB  - A Mn(II)-dependent peroxidase found in the extracellular medium of ligninolytic
      cultures of the white rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, was purified by
      DEAE-Sepharose ion-exchange chromatography, Blue Agarose chromatography, and gel
      filtration on Sephadex G-100. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis
      indicated that the homogeneous protein has an Mr of 46,000. The absorption
      spectrum of the enzyme indicates the presence of a heme prosthetic group. The
      pyridine hemochrome absorption spectrum indicates that the enzyme contained one
      molecule of heme as iron protoporphyrin IX. The absorption maximum of the native
      enzyme (406 nm) shifted to 433 nm in the reduced enzyme and to 423 nm in the
      reduced-CO complex. Both CN- and N-3 readily bind to the native enzyme,
      indicating an available coordination site and that the heme iron is high spin.
      The absorption spectrum of the H2O2 enzyme complex, maximum at 420 nm, is similar
      to that of horseradish peroxidase compound II. P. chrysosporium peroxidase
      activity is dependent on Mn(II), with maximal activity attained above 100 microM.
      The enzyme is also stimulated to varying degrees by alpha-hydroxy acids (e.g.,
      malic, lactic) and protein (e.g., gelatin, albumin). The peroxidase is capable of
      oxidizing NADH and a wide variety of dyes, including Poly B-411 and Poly R-481.
      Several of the substrates (indigo trisulfonate, NADH, Poly B-411, variamine blue
      RT salt, and Poly R-481) are oxidized by this Mn(II)-dependent peroxidase at
      considerably faster rates than those catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase. The
      enzyme rapidly oxidizes Mn(II) to Mn(III); the latter was detected by the
      characteristic absorption spectrum of its pyrophosphate complex. Inhibition of
      the oxidation of the substrate diammonium 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethyl-6
      benzothiazolinesulfonate) (ABTS) by Na-pyrophosphate suggests that Mn(III) plays
      a role in the enzyme mechanism.

PMID- 4062286
TI  - Interactions in human casein systems: self-association of fully phosphorylated
      human beta-casein.
AB  - Human beta-casein was separated according to the extent of phosphorylation and
      the fully phosphorylated moiety was characterized. Fully phosphorylated human
      beta-casein makes up to 13-15% of the beta-casein fraction. It has a partial
      specific volume, v, of 0.754 +/- 0.008 and an absorbancy, E1(1%)cm,280 nm of 6.4
      +/- 0.2. Sedimentation and viscosity data yield a solvation of 2.9 g H2O/g
      protein and an axial ratio of about 5 for the monomer. This would be consistent
      with a prolate ellipsoid of 10 nm length and 2 nm width. There is one strong
      binding site for Ca2+ for each organic phosphate ester in the molecule. The
      protein will precipitate at room temperature upon the addition of either 10 mM
      Ca2+ or greater than 1 M NaCl. Increasing the temperature from 4 to 37 degrees C
      causes an apparent conformational change and an increase in protein aggregation
      which is further increased by the addition of NaCl at this temperature until a
      limiting size is reached at about 0.25 M NaCl. This limiting size polymer
      contains 95-105 monomers and is nearly spherical with a radius of about 15 nm and
      a solvation of 3 g H2O/g protein. If this polymer were the submicelle of human
      casein, it could account for the abnormally high solvation of human casein
      micelles but their small average size would be more difficult to reconcile
      without additional information concerning K-casein association. The addition of
      Ca2+ to the system introduces association patterns which are more complex and not
      easily assessed.

PMID- 4062287
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a mucin-glycoprotein from rat submandibular
      glands.
AB  - A blood group A+ mucin-glycoprotein was purified from aqueous extracts of rat
      submandibular glands by sequential chromatography on columns of Sepharose CL-6B
      and Sephacryl S-300 in urea-containing buffers. Final purification was
      facilitated by reductive methylation which appeared to release contaminating
      (hydrophobic) peptides. Homogeneity of the purified mucin was determined by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at varying
      concentrations of acrylamide, lectin affinity chromatography, and Western blot
      analysis. In contrast to previously described preparations, the purified mucin
      contained only trace amounts of N-acetylglucosamine and aromatic amino acids. In
      addition, only low levels of basic amino acids were present.

PMID- 4062288
TI  - Fatty acid acylation of salivary mucin in rat submandibular glands.
AB  - The acylation of salivary mucin with fatty acids and its biosynthesis was
      investigated by incubating rat submandibular salivary gland cells with
      [3H]palmitic acid and [3H]proline. The elaborated extracellular and intracellular
      mucus glycoproteins following delipidation, Bio-Gel P-100 chromatography, and
      CsCl equilibrium density gradient centrifugation were analyzed for the
      distribution of the labeled tracers. Both preparations gave single bands at the
      CsCl density of 1.48, in which carbohydrate peaks coincided with that of the
      labels. The [3H]palmitic acid in these glycoproteins was susceptible to cleavage
      by alkali and hydroxylamine, thus indicating the ester nature of the bond. With
      both intracellular and extracellular glycoproteins deacylation caused the
      glycoproteins to band in the CsCl gradient at a density of 1.55. The
      incorporation of both markers into mucus glycoprotein increased steadily with
      time up to 4 h, at which time about 65% of [3H]palmitate and [3H]proline were
      found in the extracellular glycoprotein and 35% in the intracellular
      glycoprotein. The incorporation ratio of proline/palmitate, while showing an
      increase with incubation time in the extracellular glycoprotein, remained
      essentially unchanged with time in the intracellular glycoprotein and at 4 h
      reached respective values of 0.14 and 1.12. The fact that the proline/palmitate
      incorporation ratio in the intracellular glycoprotein at 1 h of incubation was 22
      times higher than in the extracellular and 8 times higher after 4 h suggests that
      acylation occurs intracellularly and that fatty acids are added after apomucin
      polypeptide synthesis. As the incorporation of palmitate within the intracellular
      mucin was greater in the mucus glycoprotein subunit, it would appear that fatty
      acid acylation of mucin subunits preceeds their assembly into the mucus
      glycoprotein polymer.

PMID- 4062289
TI  - alpha-Ketobutyrate metabolism in perfused rat liver: regulation of alpha
      ketobutyrate decarboxylation and effects of alpha-ketobutyrate on pyruvate
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - The oxidative decarboxylation and subsequent production of glucose from alpha
      ketobutyrate were studied using perfused livers from fasted rats. The production
      of 14CO2 from alpha-keto-[1-14C]butyrate increased monotonically while the
      production of glucose from alpha-ketobutyrate was biphasic as the perfusate
      concentration of alpha-ketobutyrate was increased. The biphasic gluconeogenic
      response using alpha-ketobutyrate as the gluconeogenic precursor was similar to
      that observed with propionate. The decarboxylation of alpha-ketobutyrate was
      found to be exquisitely sensitive to the effects of the monocarboxylate transport
      inhibitor, alpha-cyanocinnamate. Infusion of beta-hydroxybutyrate caused a
      substantial inhibition of alpha-ketobutyrate decarboxylation while
      dichloroacetate, a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor, did not stimulate the
      metabolism of alpha-ketobutyrate but was inhibitory. The effects of alpha
      ketobutyrate infusion on pyruvate decarboxylation were tested and it was found
      that at low perfusate pyruvate concentrations (ca. 0.25 mM) increasing alpha
      ketobutyrate led to increasing inhibition of pyruvate decarboxylation, while at
      high perfusate pyruvate concentrations (ca. 2.5 mM) an initial inhibition was
      apparent which did not increase substantially with increasing alpha-ketobutyrate
      concentrations. The results obtained indicate that the regulation of alpha
      ketobutyrate metabolism by oxidative decarboxylation differs significantly from
      that of pyruvate. In addition, while the rate of gluconeogenesis using alpha
      ketobutyrate as a precursor was remarkably similar to that using propionate as a
      gluconeogenic precursor, the effects of alpha-ketobutyrate on the oxidative
      decarboxylation of pyruvate were qualitatively different from the effects of
      propionate on pyruvate metabolism.

PMID- 4062290
TI  - Methenyl-tetrahydromethanopterin cyclohydrolase in cell extracts of
      Methanobacterium.
AB  - Cell extracts of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum possess a methenyl
      tetrahydromethanopterin (methenyl-H4MPT) cyclohydrolase. The enzyme catalyzes the
      hydrolysis of methenyl-H4MPT to formyltetrahydromethanopterin (formyl-H4MPT). The
      reaction is reversible and both the rate and extent of the reaction depend on the
      pH and the buffer used. Similarly, the nonenzymatic hydrolysis of methenyl-H4MPT
      is highly dependent on pH and buffer. An active derivative of methenyl-H4MPT was
      obtained in 94% yield by reacting H4MPT with formic acid in the presence of
      excess acetic acid under anoxic conditions at 80 degrees C for 3 h. H NMR
      spectroscopy and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry revealed the product to
      be a derivative of methenyl-H4MPT which had lost the alpha
      hydroxyglutarylphosphate unit. In spite of this loss, this derivative served both
      as a substrate for methanogenesis and for the cyclohydrolase. Comparison of the
      properties of the products of the enzymatic and nonenzymatic hydrolyses indicates
      that the enzymatic reaction yields N5-formyl-H4MPT whereas the nonenzymatic
      reaction yields N10-formyl-H4MPT.

PMID- 4062291
TI  - The effect of mannosamine on the formation of lipid-linked oligosaccharides and
      glycoproteins in canine kidney cells.
AB  - Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells normally form lipid-linked
      oligosaccharides having mostly the Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide. However, when
      MDCK cells are incubated in 1 to 10 mM mannosamine and labeled with [2
      3H]mannose, the major oligosaccharides associated with the dolichol were
      Man5GlcNAc2 and Man6GlcNAc2 structures. Since both of these oligosaccharides were
      susceptible to digestion by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, the Man5GlcNAc2
      must be different in structure than the Man5GlcNAc2 usually found as a
      biosynthetic intermediate in the lipid-linked oligosaccharides. Methylation
      analysis also indicated that this Man5GlcNAc2 contained 1----3 linked mannose
      residues. Since pulse chase studies indicated that the lesion was in
      biosynthesis, it appears that mannosamine inhibits the in vivo formation of lipid
      linked oligosaccharides perhaps by inhibiting the alpha-1,2-mannosyl
      transferases. Although the lipid-linked oligosaccharides produced in the presence
      of mannosamine were smaller in size than those of control cells and did not
      contain glucose, the oligosaccharides were still transferred in vivo to protein.
      Furthermore, the oligosaccharide portions of the glycoproteins were still
      processed as shown by the fact that the glycopeptides were of the complex and
      hybrid types and were labeled with [3H]mannose or [3H]galactose. In contrast,
      control cells produced complex and high-mannose structures but no hybrid
      oligosaccharides were detected. The inhibition by mannosamine could be overcome
      by adding high concentrations of glucose to the medium.

PMID- 4062292
TI  - Effect of dipolar ions on the entropy-driven polymerization of tobacco mosaic
      virus protein.
AB  - The effect of the dipolar ions, glycine, glycylglycine, and glycylglycylglycine
      on the polymerization of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) protein has been studied by
      the methods of light scattering and ultracentrifugation. All three dipolar ions
      promote polymerization. The major reaction in the early stage is transition from
      the 4 S to the 20 S state. As in the absence of dipolar ions, the polymerization
      is enhanced by an increase in temperature; it is endothermic and therefore
      entropy-driven. The effect of the dipolar ions can be understood in terms of
      their action as salting-out agents; they increase the activity coefficient of TMV
      A protein, the 4 S material, and thus shift the equilibrium toward the 20 S
      state. The salting-out constants, K, for the reaction in 0.10 ionic strength
      phosphate buffer at pH 6.7 was found by the light scattering method to be 1.6 for
      glycine, 2.5 for glycylglycine, and 2.5 for glycylglycylglycine. A value of 2.7
      was obtained by the ultracentrifugation method for glycylglycine in phosphate
      buffer at 0.1 ionic strength and pH 6.8 at 10 degrees C. For both glycine and
      glycylglycine, K increases when the ionic strength of the phosphate buffer is
      decreased. This result suggests that electrolytes decrease the activity
      coefficient of the dipolar ions, a salting-in phenomenon. However, the salting-in
      constants evaluated from these results are substantially higher than those
      previously determined by solubility measurements. The effect of glycine and
      glycylglycine on polymerization was studied at pH values between 6.2 and 6.8. The
      effectiveness of both dipolar ions is approximately 50% greater at pH 6.8 than at
      pH 6.2. The variation of the extent of polymerization with pH in the presence of
      the dipolar ions is consistent with the interpretation that approximately one
      hydrogen ion is bound for half of the polypeptide units in the polymerized A
      protein.

PMID- 4062293
TI  - Enkephalin degradation by human erythrocytes and hemolysates studied using 1H NMR
      spectroscopy.
AB  - High resolution (400 MHz) 1H spin-echo NMR spectroscopy was used to monitor the
      degradation of leucine-enkephalin, and peptide fragments of it, by human
      erythrocytes and hemolysates. We showed that leucine-enkephalin is rapidly
      degraded by the cytosolic peptidases of the human erythrocyte, and we have
      elucidated the most probable pathway of degradation. Computer simulations of the
      proposed pathway, using a model incorporating the experimentally derived steady
      state kinetic parameters obtained for the individual enzyme steps, showed close
      agreement with the experimental results. From a methodological perspective, the
      work demonstrates the value of 1H spin-echo NMR spectroscopy for rapidly
      elucidating, both qualitatively and quantitatively, an entire peptide-degradation
      pathway as it operates in situ.

PMID- 4062294
TI  - Isolation and amino terminal sequencing of a novel melanoma-associated antigen.
AB  - The biochemical characteristics are described for a melanoma-associated
      glycoprotein antigen, whose expression depends on stage of tumor progression and
      melanocytic differentiation. This antigen, identified using a monoclonal antibody
      which specifically stains melanoma cells in immunoperoxidase assay of fixed
      tissue sections, is synthesized as a 30,000-Da precursor and then processed to a
      30,000- to 60,000-Da sialylated glycoprotein. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
      of the antigen resolved more than 20 forms, heterogeneous in both charge and
      molecular weight. The kinetics of post-translational processing, the sensitivity
      of processing to tunicamycin, and the molecular weight of the oligosaccharide
      chains indicate that the oligosaccharides are N-linked. Amino acid sequencing of
      the antigen purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis allowed the assignment of
      the first 20 acids.

PMID- 4062295
TI  - Hexose monophosphate shunt-stimulated reduction of methemoglobin by divicine.
AB  - Reduced divicine (2,6-diamino-4,5-dihydroxypyrimidine), an aglycone implicated in
      the pathogenesis of favism, reduces methemoglobin efficiently in intact
      erythrocytes and in hemolysates. Oxidized divicine produces the same effect when
      glucose or an NADPH-generating system is added to intact erythrocytes or to
      hemolysates. Although NADPH, NADH, and GSH have no direct methemoglobin-reducing
      activity in vitro, they convert oxidized divicine to the reduced hydroquinone
      species, which is responsible for the electron transfer to methemoglobin.
      Reduction of methemoglobin is optimally observed under nitrogen since, in the
      presence of oxygen, reduced divicine undergoes autoxidation. Several lines of
      evidence rule out the reduction of methemoglobin by divicine through an enzyme
      catalyzed process, although it is certainly sustained by the hexose monophosphate
      shunt activity of erythrocytes through the generation of both NADPH and GSH.
      Thus, the strong enhancing effect that glucose produces on the divicine-dependent
      methemoglobin reduction within intact normal erythrocytes is completely absent in
      erythrocytes from glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient subjects. This
      distinctive behavior might account for the enhanced methemoglobin levels that are
      found both in vitro in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient erythrocytes
      exposed to divicine and in vivo as a typical feature of the acute hemolytic
      crisis of favic patients.

PMID- 4062296
TI  - The uronic acid composition of anticoagulantly active and inactive heparin.
AB  - Bovine heparin was fractionated with respect to chain length and anticoagulant
      activity. Analysis of each of these fractions for iduronic and glucuronic acids
      demonstrated that active heparin has a greater amount of glucuronic acid than
      inactive heparin. The ratio of the uronic acids in the respective fractions was
      the same for heparin with different molecular weights. Thus, active heparin with
      longer chain lengths have more additional glucuronate residues than are required
      for the antithrombin-binding domain. The results indicate that the active and
      inactive heparin species differ in more than one structural characteristic and
      suggest a considerable divergence in their respective biosynthesis.

PMID- 4062297
TI  - Modulation of the activity of rat liver acetylglutamate synthase by pH and
      arginine concentration.
AB  - Acetylglutamate is known to modulate the activity of carbamyl phosphate
      synthetase, and thus probably to participate in regulation of the urea cycle.
      Therefore factors that regulate the activity of acetylglutamate synthase are
      relevant to control of urea synthesis and of systemic pH. An increase in the
      concentration of arginine increases both Vmax and S0.5 for glutamate of
      acetylglutamate synthase from rat liver. An increase in pH causes S0.5 for
      glutamate to decrease and does not affect Vmax. As a consequence of these
      effects, a rapid rate of synthesis of acetylglutamate requires a concentration of
      arginine of about 25 microM or higher and either relatively high glutamate
      concentrations or relatively high pH.

PMID- 4062298
TI  - Canine hepatic lysosomal copper protein: identification as metallothionein.
AB  - We studied the amino acid sequence of canine hepatic lysosomal copper protein
      obtained from Bedlington terriers affected by inherited copper toxicosis. The
      primary structure was determined by manual Edman degradations and
      carboxypeptidase Y digestions of peptides generated by cleavage of the S
      carboxyamidomethylated and S-aminoethylated protein with trypsin. Although the
      amino terminus was blocked and heterogeneous, the protein showed extensive
      sequence homology to mammalian metallothioneins. In particular, all cysteinyl
      residues were conserved, in agreement with their function as metal ligands. The
      microheterogeneity observed in the amino-terminal part of the molecule indicated
      the presence of two isoforms in canine liver like those found in most other
      mammals studied so far.

PMID- 4062299
TI  - Reactions of nitrogen dioxide in aqueous model systems: oxidation of tyrosine
      units in peptides and proteins.
AB  - By application of pulse radiolysis it was demonstrated that nitrogen dioxide
      (NO2.) oxidizes Gly-Tyr in aqueous solution with a strongly pH-dependent rate
      constant (k6 = 3.2 X 10(5) M-1 S-1 at pH 7.5 and k6 = 2.0 X 10(7) M-1 S-1 at pH
      11.3), primarily generating phenoxyl radicals. The phenoxyl can react further
      with NO2. (k7 approximately 3 X 10(9) M-1 S-1) to form nitrotyrosine, which is
      the predominant final product in neutral solution and at low tyrosyl
      concentrations under gamma-radiolysis conditions. Tyrosine nitration is less
      efficient in acidic solution, due to the natural disproportionation of NO2., and
      in alkaline solutions and at high tyrosyl concentrations due to enhanced tyrosyl
      dimerization. Selective tyrosine nitration by interaction of NO2. with proteins
      (at pH 7 to 9) was demonstrated in the case of histone, lysozyme, ribonuclease A,
      and subtilisin Carlsberg. Nitrotyrosine developed slowly also under incubation of
      Gly-Tyr with nitrite at pH 4 to 5, where NO2. is formed by acid decomposition of
      HONO. It is recalled in this context that NO2.-induced oxidations, by
      regenerating NO2-, can propagate NO2./NO2- redox cycling under acidic conditions.
      Even faster than with tyrosine is the NO2.-induced oxidation of cysteine-thiolate
      (k9 = 2.4 X 10(8) M-1 S-1 at pH 9.2), involving the transient formation of
      cystinyl radical anions. The interaction of NO2. with Gly-Trp was comparably slow
      (k approximately 10(6) M-1 S-1), and no reaction was detectable by pulse
      radiolysis with Met-Gly and (Cys-Gly)2, or with DNA. Slow reactions of NO2. were
      observed with arachidonic acid (k approximately 10(6) M-1 S-1 at pH 9.0) and with
      linoleate (k approximately 2 X 10(5) M-1 S-1 at pH 9.4), indicating that NO2. is
      capable of initiating lipid peroxidation even in an aqueous environment. NO2.
      Induced tyrosine nitration, using 50 microM Gly-Tyr at pH 8.2, was hardly
      inhibited, however, in the presence of 1 mM linoleate, and was not affected at
      all in the presence of 5 mM dimethylamine (a nitrosamine precursor). It is
      concluded that protein modifications, and particularly phenol and thiol
      oxidation, may be an important mechanism, as well as initiation of lipid
      peroxidation, of action of NO2. in biological systems.

PMID- 4062300
TI  - The synthesis of mannose 1-phosphate in brain.
AB  - The interconversion of mannose-6-P and mannose-1-P in brain has been shown to be
      catalyzed by a distinct enzyme. The enzyme has been separated from most of the
      phosphoglucomutase activity of the brain. The residual phosphoglucomutase
      activity (less than 1%) may be associated with phosphomannomutase itself. Mannose
      1,6-P2 or glucose-1,6-P2 is required for the reaction as well as a divalent
      cation (Mg2+ greater than Co2+ greater than Ni2+ greater than Mn2+). Glucose-1-P,
      glucose-6-P, and 2-deoxyglucose-6-P are also substrates or inhibitors. Other
      phosphorylated sugars tested, glucosamine-6-P, N-acetylglucosamine-6-P, galactose
      6-P, fructose-6-P, ribose-5-P, and arabinose-5-P, do not affect the rate of the
      reaction when assayed in the presence of mannose-6-32P.

PMID- 4062301
TI  - Purification and properties of aerobic and anoxic forms of pyruvate kinase from
      the hepatopancreas of the channelled whelk, Busycotypus canaliculatum.
AB  - Aerobic and anoxic variants of pyruvate kinase (termed PK-aer and PK-anx) from
      the hepatopancreas of the gastropod mollusc, Busycotypus canaliculatum, were
      purified to apparent homogeneity with final specific activities of 14 and 2.3
      units/mg protein, respectively. Both enzymes were homotetramers of the same
      molecular weight. The enzymes also showed equivalent affinities for ADP (0.22 mM)
      and very similar affinities for Mg2+, Mn2+, K+, and NH4+. PK-aer and PK-anx
      differed strongly, however, in maximal enzyme velocity (Vmax 9-fold higher for PK
      aer), in affinity for P-enolpyruvate (PEP0.5 = 0.38 mM for PK-aer and 1.1 mM for
      PK-anx), and in the effects of activators and inhibitors on the enzymes. PK-aer
      was much more strongly stimulated by fructose-1,6-P2 and aspartate as activators
      (a 19- and 32-fold activation of enzyme velocity at subsaturating PEP levels
      versus only 4.1- and 2.6-fold activation for PK-anx, respectively). K alpha for
      fructose-1,6-P2 was 3-fold lower (0.16 microM) for PK-aer than for PK-anx (0.48
      microM), but K alpha for aspartate was the same for both enzymes (1.5 mM).
      Activators decreased the PEP0.5 (to 0.05 mM for PK-aer and 0.07 mM for PK-anx),
      relieved inhibitions by alanine, Mg ATP, ADP, and Pi, and, when added together,
      showed a strong synergistic activation of PK-aer (but not PK-anx). The kinetic
      differences between PK-aer and PK-anx are similar to those of the
      dephosphorylated versus phosphorylated forms of PK from other sources, including
      those of red muscle PK of B. canaliculatum, and indicate that the change in
      enzyme form brought about during anaerobiosis may be due to enzyme
      phosphorylation. The powerful activation of hepatopancreas PK by aspartate is a
      novel regulatory control of the enzyme. Aspartate is one of the substrates of
      anaerobic energy production in marine molluscs and its effects on the enzyme may
      be important in a tissue where inactivation of PK can occur for one of two
      reasons: anaerobiosis or gluconeogenesis.

PMID- 4062302
TI  - Mitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase: inhibition by
      ethoxyformic anhydride, dansyl chloride, and pyridoxal phosphate.
AB  - Mitochondrial energy-linked nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (TH; EC
      1.6.1.1) was inactivated by treatment with pyridoxal phosphate, ethoxyformic
      anhydride (EFA) or dansyl chloride. NADP and NADPH, but not NAD and NADH,
      protected TH against inhibition by pyridoxal phosphate, and L-lysine reversed
      this inhibition. The results suggested modification of an essential lysyl residue
      by pyridoxal phosphate, possibly at the NADP(H) binding site of TH. EFA and
      dansyl chloride inhibited TH in a similar manner. The effect of pH on the rate of
      inhibition of TH by EFA and dansyl chloride was the same, and in both cases
      addition of NADP and particularly NADPH accelerated the rate of inhibition, while
      addition of NAD or NADH had no effect. Double inhibition studies, using in one
      experiment dithiothreitol-reversible inhibition by 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic
      acid) to protect the thiol groups of TH, and in another experiment lysine
      reversible inhibition by pyridoxal phosphate to protect the putative essential
      lysyl residues of the enzyme, followed in each case by further treatment of the
      protected TH with EFA or dansyl chloride, suggested that the inhibitions by EFA
      and dansyl chloride were independent of the inhibitions by 5,5'-dithiobis (2
      nitrobenzoic acid) and pyridoxal phosphate. The inhibitors discussed above are
      interesting, because pyridoxal phosphate is the only reagent known which appears
      to modify an essential residue in the NADP(H), but not the NAD(H), binding site
      of TH, and EFA and dansyl chloride are the only inhibitors known which appear to
      react with essential residues outside the active site of TH. It is possible that
      EFA and dansyl chloride inhibitions involve modification of essential prototropic
      residues in the proton translocation domain of the enzyme.

PMID- 4062303
TI  - Apparent multiple catalytic sites involved in the ester hydrolysis of juvenile
      hormones by the hemolymph and by an affinity-purified esterase from Manduca sexta
      Johannson (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae).
AB  - The esterases which metabolize juvenile hormone (JH) in some insects may be
      important in regulating the hormone titer. The JH ester-hydrolyzing activity
      (JHE) in the larval hemolymph of the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) was found
      to be attributed to two forms of esterase with almost equivalent activity based
      on selectivity and kinetics of inhibition by two 3-substituted thio-1,1,1
      trifluoropropan-2-ones and a phosphoramidothioate. Neither of the two forms were
      inhibited by diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate or iodoacetamide. Steady-state
      kinetics of JH II hydrolysis supported the inhibition studies and showed that the
      two forms were widely different in their affinity for JH II. The activity of the
      hemolymph was found to be bound selectively to an affinity column synthesized by
      the reaction of epoxy-activated Sepharose with 3-(4'-mercaptobutylthio)-1,1,1
      trifluoropropan-2-one. This column offered a quantitative, one-step purification
      of JH esterase with a purification factor of approximately 800 and specific
      activity of approximately 573 nmol JH III hydrolyzed min-1 mg protein-1. The
      purified protein showed only a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a molecular weight of approximately
      65,000. However, the purified enzyme apparently revealed the same two kinetic
      forms as the native enzyme, which indicates that two sites of the same protein
      are likely to be involved in JH hydrolysis.

PMID- 4062304
TI  - The thermotropic properties of human plasma fibronectin.
AB  - Thermal denaturation profiles for human plasma fibronectin under a variety of
      conditions have been determined. Although a single melting curve for this
      protein, with a thermal transition midpoint of 58.4 +/- 1.0 degree C and a
      calorimetric enthalpy change (delta Hc) of 1040 +/- 100 kcal/mol, is obtained in
      dilute neutral salt solutions, it is estimated that a total of seven to eight
      independent two-state thermal transitions are present in this endotherm. These
      values are not significantly altered by the presence of Ca2+, up to levels of at
      least 20 mM. Upon variation of the pH, no distinct thermal transitions are noted
      at values below pH 5.0 and above pH 10.0. Between pH 7.0 and 10.0, virtually no
      alterations in the thermotropic properties of fibronectin are observed,
      indicating that the individual domains of this protein, which contribute to the
      thermogram, are preserved in this pH range. Upon alteration of the ionic strength
      of the buffer, from 0.05 to 0.4 M KCl, small changes are observed in the thermal
      transition profiles of fibronectin, indicative of conformational changes in the
      protein resulting in a larger number of cooperative units undergoing the
      temperature-induced unfolding reaction.

PMID- 4062305
TI  - Mitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase: nonidentical modification
      by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and N-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-ethoxy-1,2
      dihydroquinoline at the NAD(H) binding site.
AB  - The energy-linked nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (TH) purified from
      bovine heart mitochondria is inhibited by the carboxyl group modifiers, N,N'
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) and N-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-ethoxy-1,2
      dihydroquinoline (EEDQ). With either reagent, complete activity inhibition
      corresponds to modification of one carboxyl group per 2 mol (monomers) of this
      dimeric enzyme, suggesting half-site reactivity toward DCCD and EEDQ [D. C.
      Phelps, and Y. Hatefi (1984) Biochemistry 23, 4475-4480; 6340-6344]. It has also
      been shown in the former reference that DCCD appears to modify TH at the NAD(H)
      binding site. The present paper presents data suggesting that EEDQ also binds at
      or near the NAD(H)-binding domain of TH, but at a site not identical to that of
      DCCD: TH modified with and inhibited approximately 85% by EEDQ could be further
      labeled with [14C]DCCD to the extent of 70% of the maximum in the same time
      period that unmodified TH was modified by [14C]DCCD to near saturation (1 mol
      DCCD/TH dimer); DCCD-modified TH did not bind to NAD-agarose, while EEDQ-modified
      TH showed partial affinity for NAD-agarose; 5'-AMP completely protected TH
      against modification by DCCD, but showed only a weak protective effect against
      EEDQ; by contrast, NMNH, which is a TH substrate and binds to the NADH site, did
      not protect TH against DCCD, but completely protected the enzyme against attack
      by EEDQ. The results are consistent with the possibility that DCCD modifies TH
      where the 5'-AMP moiety of NAD(H) binds, while EEDQ modifies the enzyme where the
      NMN(H) moiety of NAD(H) resides.

PMID- 4062306
TI  - 1,4-Dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-mannitol inhibits glycoprotein processing and
      mannosidase.
AB  - 1,4-Dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-mannitol (DIM) was synthesized chemically from benzyl
      alpha-D-mannopyranoside [Fleet et al (1984) J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1240
      1241], and was tested in vitro as an inhibitor of various alpha-mannosidases and
      in cell culture as an inhibitor of glycoprotein processing. DIM proved to be an
      effective inhibitor of jack bean alpha-mannosidase, with 50% inhibition requiring
      25 to 50 ng/ml inhibitor. It also inhibited lysosomal alpha-mannosidase, but in
      this case 50% inhibition required about 1 to 2 micrograms/ml. In both cases, the
      inhibition was of the competitive type when p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside
      was used as the substrate. The inhibition was better at higher pH values,
      suggesting that DIM was more effective when the nitrogen in the ring was in the
      unprotonated form. In addition, rat liver processing mannosidase I was also
      inhibited by DIM as measured by the release of [3H]mannose from [3H]mannose
      labeled Man9GlcNAc. Glycoprotein processing was examined in influenza virus
      infected MDCK cells. Infected cells were incubated in various concentrations of
      DIM and labeled with [2-3H]mannose. Viral and cell pellets were digested with
      Pronase and glycopeptides were isolated by gel filtration on columns of Bio-Gel P
      4. The glycopeptides were then treated with endoglucosaminidase H (Endo H) and
      rechromatographed on the Bio-Gel column in order to distinguish complex from high
      mannose structures. As the DIM concentration in the medium was raised, more and
      more of the [3H]mannose was incorporated into high-mannose oligosaccharides, and
      less and less radioactivity was in the complex chains. Most of the Endo H
      released oligosaccharides induced by DIM were of the Man9GlcNAc structure, as
      determined by gel filtration, HPLC, and digestion by alpha-mannosidase. Thus, DIM
      also appears to inhibit mannosidase I in cell culture. However, about 15% of the
      Endo H-released oligosaccharides appear to be hybrid types of oligosaccharides,
      suggesting that DIM may also inhibit mannosidase II.

PMID- 4062307
TI  - Purification and properties of rabbit liver cathepsin M and cathepsin B.
AB  - Cathepsins M and B from rabbit liver lysosomes were separated by chromatography
      on Ultrogel AcA34 at low ionic strength and purified to homogeneity, and their
      catalytic and molecular properties were compared. Cathepsin M was relatively
      inactive with synthetic peptide substrates. Thus, it hydrolyzed benzoyl arginine
      naphthylamide at only one-fifth the rate observed with cathepsin B, and no
      activity was detected with Gly-Phe naphthylamide which is a relatively good
      substrate for cathepsin B. On the other hand, cathepsin M exhibited a preference
      for protein substrates. It was more active than cathepsin B in catalyzing the
      inactivation of the following enzymes: rabbit muscle or liver fructose-1,6
      bisphosphate aldolases, rabbit liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and pyruvate
      kinase, yeast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde
      3-phosphate dehydrogenase. With glucagon as substrate, both enzymes showed
      similar peptidyl dipeptidase activities with some minor differences in peptide
      bond specificity. Cathepsins M and B are similar in size, with apparent molecular
      weights of 30,200 for cathepsin M and 28,800 for cathepsin B, and in amino acid
      composition and carbohydrate content. Each contains approximately 2-3
      equivalents/mol glucosamine, 3 equivalents/mol mannose, and no fucose or
      galactosamine. They also show similar microheterogeneity in sodium dodecylsulfate
      gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing; this microheterogeneity is probably
      related to differences in glycosylation. Extensive homology in primary structure
      for the two proteins was indicated by the similar patterns of peptides formed on
      digestion with trypsin.

PMID- 4062308
TI  - The insertion of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate apodehydrogenase into phospholipid
      monolayers and phospholipid vesicles.
AB  - The strong interaction of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase with phospholipid
      monomolecular films is demonstrated by the surface pressure increase of a film
      compressed up to 33 mN/m. Although the D-beta-hydroxybutyrate apodehydrogenase
      was able to penetrate many phospholipid monolayers, it interacted preferentially
      with negatively charged monolayers such as those made from
      diphosphatidylglycerol. The weakest interaction was found with
      phosphatidylcholine, which is the reactivating phospholipid for the enzyme. These
      interactions were dependent on the phospholipid chain length, ionic strength, and
      pH. At basic pH the apoenzyme lost its specificity for negatively charged
      phospholipids, suggesting the deprotonation of a cationic amino acid residue of
      the enzyme polypeptide chain. The charge effects are in agreement with results
      obtained using phospholipid vesicles. Beside the electrostatic interactions, the
      influence of phospholipid chain length and the ionic strength indicate that D
      beta-hydroxybutyrate apodehydrogenase penetrates into the hydrophobic part of the
      lipid interface.

PMID- 4062309
TI  - [Experiments on systemic thermochemotherapy using small animals].
AB  - As most cancers refractory to conventional therapy are systemic diseases, the
      treatment of widespread metastasis with systemic thermochemotherapy is an
      inherently attractive approach. However, reports of animal experiments clearly
      showing its effectiveness in terms of prolongation of mean survival time are
      scanty. In a review of experimental results carried out by the author and his
      collaborators on a murine tumor model, emphasis was given to the necessity of
      exploring a way to intensify the extent of heating. The advantage of using the
      thermotolerance of the host animal was suggested, together with the possibility
      of selectively protecting various target organs from the side effects of therapy.

PMID- 4062310
TI  - [Suppression of tumor growth by peritoneal macrophages isolated from mice treated
      with carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide (Ge-132)].
AB  - In a murine model it has been shown that the antitumor activity of
      carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide (Ge-132) can be depleted by administration of
      macrophage (M phi) blockers. In the present study, the role that M phi play in
      the antitumor activity of the compound was investigated. Oral administration of
      Ge-132 in mice was demonstrated to be effective in activating M phi (Ge-132
      cytotoxic M phi), and the cytotoxic activity of these M phi appeared in the
      peritoneal cavity of mice 48 hours after the oral administration of the compound.
      Co-cultivation of RL male-1 leukemia or Ehrlich carcinoma cells with Ge-132
      cytotoxic M phi in vitro resulted in marked suppression of the growth of tumor
      cells. The transfer of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), or purified M phi
      fractions of PEC from Ge-132-treated mice to mice bearing Ehrlich or RL male-1
      ascites tumors resulted in significant protection. However, when the cytotoxic M
      phi were depleted by carbonyl-iron treatment in vitro, no antitumor effect was
      demonstrated in mice bearing Ehrlich or RL male-1 ascites tumors. Macrophage
      fractions obtained from PEC of Ge-132-treated mice exhibited an inhibitory effect
      against certain tumors both in vivo and in vitro suggesting that the antitumor
      effect of Ge-132 observed in vivo resulted from the activation of M phi.

PMID- 4062311
TI  - [Antitumor activity of BCG--inhibition and enhancement of tumor growth by anti
      BCG rabbit serum].
AB  - Administration of heat-killed BCG into BALB/c mice with colon 26 tumors which
      have common antigens to those of BCG has been shown to enhance tumor growth. The
      present experiments were undertaken to clarify this phenomenon. It was found that
      anti-BCG rabbit serum played a role in augmenting tumor growth when injected
      intraperitoneally into tumor-bearing mice. Interestingly, bi-phasic activity of
      anti-BCG rabbit serum (inhibition and enhancement of tumor growth) was observed,
      which was dependent on the concentration of BCG antibodies present. By contrast,
      immune-complex prepared with BCG antigen-antibody was not considered to be an
      agent for directly enhancing tumor growth. It was therefore concluded that anti
      BCG rabbit serum was a specific agent for augmenting tumor growth.

PMID- 4062312
TI  - [Effects of urokinase on the transfer of 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU)
      into the blood, bile and pancreatic juice].
AB  - We studied effects of urokinase (Uronase) on the transfer of an oral anticancer
      agent, 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) into blood, bile and pancreatic
      juice in 5 patients in whom pancreaticoduodenectomy has been performed for cancer
      of the periampullary region, and who had been simultaneously provided with
      drainage of the bile duct and pancreatic duct. Following oral administration of
      500 mg of HCFU, HCFU and 5-FU concentrations in blood reached a peak at 2 hours,
      those in bile at 4 hours, and those in pancreatic juice at 4 to 6 hours. The
      administration of 24,000 IU of urokinase in combination with HCFU resulted in
      increased HCFU and 5-FU concentrations in blood, bile and pancreatic juice--the
      HCFU concentration in bile increased to 3 times and that in pancreatic juice, to
      about 5 times the level in the some counterparts in urokinase--untreated
      patients. These changes seemed to have resulted from the acceleration by
      urokinase of distribution of the anticancer agent into the organs.

PMID- 4062313
TI  - [Studies on the antitumor activity of traditional Chinese medicines. (1)].
AB  - The antitumor activity of Traditional Chinese Medicines (Zhu-Ling-Tang, Xiao-Chai
      Hu-Tang, Shi-Quan-Da-Bu-Tang, Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang and Ren-Shen-Tang was examined
      using Ehrlich ascited carcinoma (EAC) in ICR mice. These drugs suppressed the
      growth of EAC when administered intraperitoneally. In the case of p.o. treatment,
      Shi-Quan-Da-Bu-Tang, Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang and Zhu-Ling-Tang also prolonged the
      survival time of mice bearing EAC.

PMID- 4062314
TI  - [Studies on the antitumor activity of traditional Chinese medicines. (II). The
      antitumor mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines].
AB  - Either i.p. or p.o. administration of Zhu-Ling-Tang, Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang, Shi-Quan
      Da-Bu-Tang and Ren-Shen-Tang enhanced the function of the reticuloendothelial
      system (RES) in mice. The relative organ weights of thymus, spleen and liver were
      increased as compared with the control. Furthermore, binding of C3 cleavage
      product (C3b) to peritoneal macrophages after p.o. administration of Xiao-Chai-Hu
      Tang was enhanced as shown by fluorescent antibody technique. In conclusion, it
      was considered that one of the mechanisms of the antitumor activities of theses
      drugs was the stimulation of a host-mediated factor such as the phagocytic
      function of the RES and C3 cleavage producibility.

PMID- 4062315
TI  - [Phase II study of (2''R)-4'-0-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) in
      gastrointestinal cancer].
AB  - A phase II study of a new anthracycline, (2''R)-4'-0-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin
      (THP) was performed on 37 patients with gastrointestinal cancer in 6 co-operative
      study institutions. Twenty-five patients out of 37 were evaluable for response
      according to the Koyama-Saito's criteria. THP was administered weekly at doses of
      10 to 30 mg/body or every 3 to 4 weeks at doses of 40 to 60 mg/body
      intravenously. Of the 14 patients with gastric cancer, we obtained one complete
      response and 3 partial responses (response rate 28.6%), and of the 6 patients
      with rectal cancer, we obtained one partial response (16.7%). Leukopenia of less
      than 3 X 10(3)/mm3 and erythrocytopenia of less than 300 X 10(4)/mm3 were seen in
      48% and 26% of cases. Neither cardiotoxicity nor hair loss were seen. These
      results suggest that THP is useful in the treatment of patients with
      gastrointestinal cancer.

PMID- 4062316
TI  - [Response and pharmacokinetics of cisplatin instilled into the pleural cavity].
AB  - The response and pharmacokinetics of cisplatin instilled into the pleural cavity
      were studied in 11 patients with malignant pleural effusion; 10 patients had
      primary lung cancer and one had breast cancer. All of them were adenocarcinoma
      histologically. In five of the 11 patients effusion disappeared and its cytology
      became negative for malignancy after four weeks. In the other six patients
      effusion was reduced and its cytology became negative for malignancy after four
      weeks. Toxicity was almost similar to that in systemic administration of
      cisplatin but a few patients had chest pain and fever possibly due to local
      irritation. The pharmacokinetics showed that a high concentration of cisplatin
      (free-form, 48.9 micrograms/ml) was maintained over a long period (free from (t
      1/2) beta = 33.6 hours) in the pleural cavity. This was regarded as the reason
      for the high response to this therapy. The intrapleural instillation of cisplatin
      into the pleural cavity therefore seems to be an effective modality for malignant
      pleural effusion.

PMID- 4062317
TI  - [Enhancing activity of bacterial preparations on blood flow in tumor tissue, with
      reference to cancer chemotherapy. Experimental and clinical studies].
AB  - The effect of treatment with bacterial preparations on blood flow in normal and
      malignant tissues was investigated, clinically and experimentally. The time
      course of the local effect of the preparations was recorded by Laser Doppler
      Velocimetry (LDV) via a probe on the surface of normal and malignant tissues
      directly over the injection site. Experimentally, no definite enhancement of
      blood flow with OK-432, a streptococcal preparation, was observed in nude mice.
      Clinically, intradermal administration of OK-432 or tuberculin (PPD) resulted in
      an approximate 11-or 4-fold increase in blood flow, respectively. The injection
      of OK-432 into malignant tissues, such as dermal cancer and breast cancer with
      direct extension to the skin, resulted in an approximate 3.5-fold increase. The
      results suggested that bacterial preparations can act as an adjuvant to enhance
      drug delivery to tumor tissue in cancer chemotherapy, and that the enhancement of
      blood supply is induced by immune response.

PMID- 4062318
TI  - [Antitumor effect of the tumor necrosis factor against various types of human
      cancer cells].
AB  - The antitumor activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNA) against various human
      cancer cells (32 cases) was investigated by 51Cr cytotoxic release assay and
      tumor stem cell assay. Over 50% sensitivity (the ratio of cytotoxicity for L929
      cells) was shown by 4 of 14 cases of gastric cancer (28.6%), 7 of 9 cases of
      leukemic cells (77.8%), and 1 case each of pancreatic carcinoma and ovarian
      cancer. However, scarcely any sensitivity was shown by APL, a portion of the
      gastric cancer cells, normal lymphocytes or colony-forming cells tested. No
      correspondence was observed between the histological type of the cancer and TNF
      sensitivity. The above results seem to confirm the significant antitumor activity
      of TNF against human cancer cells.

PMID- 4062319
TI  - [Antitumor effect of etoposide and its analogs].
AB  - The antitumor activity of etoposide and its nine analogs including
      podophyllotoxin, the mother compound of etoposide, against Hela cells and mouse
      leukemia L1210 was investigated in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Etoposide
      showed antitumor effect against HeLa cells. Against mouse leukemia L1210,
      etoposide showed an excellent antitumor effect and about 80% of treated animals
      survived beyond the test period of 2 months. Podophyllotoxin, 4'
      demethylpodophyllotoxin and 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin excluding an ethylidene
      glucose group had more anti-HeLa, but much less anti-L1210 activity than
      etoposide. 3'-Demethyletoposide showed only 1/25 of the anti-HeLa activity of
      etoposide, while the anti-L1210 activity was almost the same as that of
      etoposide. The anti-HeLa activity of 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin beta-D
      glucoside excluding on ethylidene group and 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin
      ethylidene alpha-D-glucoside were only 1/180 and 1/26 that of etoposide,
      respectively. Their anti-L1210 activities were also low and the maximum T/C
      values were 154 and 135%, respectively. Both of two picro compounds,
      picroetoposide and 4'-demethylepipicropodophyllotoxin beta-D-glucoside, hardly
      showed any antitumor activity. 4'-O-glucuronyletoposide, the main metabolite of
      etoposide in humans and dogs, had little anti-HeLa activity.

PMID- 4062320
TI  - [Effects of chemotherapy of advanced malignant ovarian tumors].
AB  - Malignant ovarian tumor is regarded as the disease with the worse prognosis among
      obstetrical and gynecological malignancies. In the past, a great number of trials
      have been done with single or combined treatments. Because of the rather low
      incidence of malignant ovarian tumor in any one hospital over a short period of
      time and the numerous factors affecting the prognosis of patients, no definite
      procedures have been established so far. In order to evaluate the effects of
      chemotherapy, 460 cases were investigated retrospectively. These cases were
      treated primarily with surgery from 1974 to 1979 and adjuvant chemotherapy was
      selected freely by the doctors responsible. Cumulative 5-year survival rates were
      calculated as 88.8% for a low potential malignant group, 65.9% for stage I
      ovarian cancer, 40.6% for stage II, 9.7% for stage III, 0% for stage IV and 10%
      for metastatic tumor from other organs. The effects of chemotherapy were
      investigated especially for stage III and IV and the metastatic tumor group.
      Cumulative survival curves were justified by generalized Wilcoxon test. An MFC
      combination, a double-agent, a single-agent and a no-chemotherapy group were
      compared by survival curves. There were statistical significances between the MFC
      and no-chemotherapy group, and the double-agent and no-chemotherapy group.
      Significant tendency was present between the MFC and single-agent group. Several
      popularly-used combinations in this period such as MFC, VEM, METT, FAMT, METVFC
      and a group with other combinations were compared. There were no statistical
      significances among the 6 combinations, but an MFC combination seemed to be a
      better treatment for malignant ovarian tumors judging from accumulative survival
      curves.

PMID- 4062321
TI  - [A case of esophageal carcinoma with liver metastasis treated with cisplatin].
AB  - A patient with liver metastasis of esophageal carcinoma was treated with
      Cisplatin and showed complete response both in the esophageal region and liver
      metastasis. Combination chemotherapy using Cisplatin is now often employed
      against metastatic regions of epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus, and shows
      certain degrees of response. Cisplatin is considered to be one of the most
      effective agents for the treatment of epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus.

PMID- 4062322
TI  - Confluent and reticulate papillomatosis.

PMID- 4062323
TI  - Madajet artifacts.

PMID- 4062324
TI  - Telangiectasia.

PMID- 4062326
TI  - Treatment of dermabrasion wounds with a hydrocolloid occlusive dressing.

PMID- 4062325
TI  - Retinoids in the treatment of cutaneous sarcoidosis.

PMID- 4062328
TI  - Medical student education in dermatology.

PMID- 4062327
TI  - Pentoxifylline (Trental) therapy for vasculitis of pityriasis lichenoides et
      varioliformis.

PMID- 4062329
TI  - Misuse of hair analysis as a diagnostic tool.

PMID- 4062330
TI  - Short-contact therapy.

PMID- 4062331
TI  - Anthralin therapy for psoriasis. A new look at an old compound.

PMID- 4062332
TI  - Anthralin minute entire skin treatment. A new outpatient therapy for psoriasis.
AB  - Anthralin minute entire skin treatment (AMEST) was developed to improve the
      efficacy and cosmetic results of anthralin short-contact therapy. In a split
      comparison study to determine the optimal period of anthralin application, ten
      minutes of anthralin contact time gave maximum antipsoriatic activity with
      minimal side effects. Dosimetry variables for AMEST were determined based on the
      patient's pigmentation type, the erythematous response, the therapeutic effect,
      and so on. Such treatment of 43 patients resulted in complete clearing in 31
      patients (72%), with 90% improvement in two patients (5%) and less than 90%
      clearing in seven patients (16%). Psoriatic lesions disappeared, leaving no
      spotty pigmentation that is known to occur following conventional anthralin
      therapy. The dosimetry variables employed in our study allowed AMEST with minimal
      skin irritation. Laboratory values did not change significantly during therapy.
      In addition, AMEST does not involve systemic medication and is easy to perform
      without special equipment; therefore, it is economic and can be used for
      outpatients and probably for home treatment.

PMID- 4062334
TI  - National survey of undergraduate dermatologic medical education.
AB  - A survey of dermatology department or section chairmen was conducted to
      investigate the extent of undergraduate dermatologic training in US medical
      schools. The median number of required hours of dermatologic training was 14,
      which represents 0.24% of the overall medical school curriculum time. Required
      dermatologic training time varied greatly among schools, but most such training
      occurred in the fourth year of school. Students in 53% of the schools that
      responded to the survey were not involved in either clinical or basic
      dermatologic investigative activities.

PMID- 4062333
TI  - Treatment of urticaria pigmentosa with corticosteroids.
AB  - Based on a previous observation that the long-term application of potent topical
      corticosteroids under occlusion to normal skin resulted in the loss of mast
      cells, we investigated the effects of intralesional and topical steroids in
      urticaria pigmentosa (UP). Three patients with UP had lesions that were injected
      with triamcinolone acetonide. Four weeks after injection, all patients showed a
      loss of Darier's sign, and, by eight weeks after injection, there was a dramatic
      clearing of the plaques and a decrease in brown hyperpigmentation. By 12 weeks,
      mast cells were undetectable by light microscopy and transmission electron
      microscopy (TEM). The injection sites remained dramatically improved for as long
      as one year after treatment, and histamine content was reduced 95% in one patient
      48 weeks after injection. In six patients, the topical application of 0.05%
      betamethasone dipropionate under occlusion to limited areas induced almost
      complete clearing of UP lesions. Lesions treated with an emollient under
      occlusion, as a control, demonstrated no change. After treatment, no mast cells
      were seen by light microscopy or TEM, and this persisted for at least 24 weeks.
      There was also a significant decrease in tissue histamine levels in the treated
      areas. The treated areas remained clinically improved for at least nine to 12
      months. These data indicate that steroid therapy dramatically decreases the
      excess number of normal-appearing mast cells in UP as well as induces a prolonged
      resolution of UP lesions. Local corticosteroids thus are a useful therapeutic
      modality for UP.

PMID- 4062335
TI  - Reticulated porokeratosis. A unique variant of porokeratosis.
AB  - A young man presented with a chronic, persistent reticulated dermatosis involving
      the groin, genitals, and thighs that was refractory to therapy. Biopsy specimen
      revealed multiple cornoid lamellae consistent with porokeratosis. This clinical
      appearance has not been previously described, to our knowledge. The other
      clinical forms of porokeratosis and their histology are briefly reviewed.

PMID- 4062336
TI  - Vibration syndrome. Cutaneous and systemic manifestations in a jackhammer
      operator.
AB  - Vibration syndrome (VS), which typically presents as a variant of Raynaud's
      phenomenon, has been characterized recently as a multisystem disorder of the
      peripheral circulation, nerves, muscles, and joints. The sequelae of the disorder
      are irreversible, but most clinical evidence indicates that vibration injury is
      completely reversible by early intervention. Advanced VS occurred in a jackhammer
      operator; his condition went unrecognized for more than 11 years. The clinical
      findings illustrate the broad spectrum of pathologic abnormalities associated
      with VS and emphasize the need for increased physician awareness of this
      disabling condition.

PMID- 4062337
TI  - Plasmapheresis in severe drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis.
AB  - Five patients with severe drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis improved
      rapidly after one to two plasma exchanges. The improvement of all five patients
      treated with plasmapheresis contrasts with the disease's mortality rate of up to
      50%, as reported in the literature and as observed among our previously treated
      patients. Since there is no effective treatment for toxic epidermal necrolysis, a
      controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of plasma exchange would
      seem worthwhile.

PMID- 4062338
TI  - Blue macules of localized argyria caused by implanted acupuncture needles.
      Electron microscopy and roentgenographic microanalysis of deposited metal.
AB  - Acupuncture needles implanted in the skin for more than ten years caused peculiar
      bluish macules, each of which clinically resembled a blue nevus in the
      extremities of a 63-year-old Japanese woman. Histologically, the involved skin
      showed deposition of fine brownish granules in the basement membrane of the
      eccrine sweat glands, on the inner surface of the blood vessel walls, and along
      elastic fibers of the superficial dermis in addition to sparse deposits noted
      throughout the dermis. Electron microscopy revealed deposits of electron-dense
      particles on the basal lamina of the secretory coils of the eccrine sweat glands,
      below the basal lamina of the dermoepidermal junction, and on elastic fibers.
      Roentgenographic microanalysis of the involved skin demonstrated that most of the
      granules consisted of silver and chloride; silver was a major component in the
      removed needles.

PMID- 4062339
TI  - Long-standing erythematous facial plaques. Granuloma faciale.

PMID- 4062340
TI  - Recurrent hyperkeratotic papules following superficial trauma. Reactive
      perforating collagenosis (RPC).

PMID- 4062341
TI  - Chorion villus biopsy.

PMID- 4062342
TI  - Incubator temperature control: effects on the very low birthweight infant.
AB  - We studied temperature stability in 22 infants of birthweight less than 1500 g in
      the first four days of life. Infants were nursed in incubators using either air
      mode control or skin temperature servo control. Data were collected continuously
      using a computer linked monitoring system. Skin temperature control resulted in a
      less stable thermal environment than air mode control. Increased thermal
      stability in the incubator on air mode control may well be beneficial,
      particularly to sick, very low birthweight infants.

PMID- 4062343
TI  - Effects of perinatal asphyxia and myoglobinuria on development of acute, neonatal
      renal failure.
AB  - Thirty four consecutive neonates with birth asphyxia or respiratory problems were
      examined in the first week of life to clarify the relation between neonatal
      myoglobinuria and acute renal failure. Investigations included determination of
      creatinine clearance, fractional sodium excretion, and N-acetyl-beta-D
      glucosaminidase index as an indicator of tubular injury. The infants' gestational
      ages ranged from 29 to 41 weeks (mean 36 weeks). Fifteen infants did not have
      myoglobinuria on the first day of life (group A); myoglobinuria was mild in eight
      infants (group B) and severe in eleven (group C). Two infants in group B and
      seven in group C developed acute renal failure (47%). Ten infants in group C
      (91%) had severe asphyxia, five of whom (45%) also suffered neonatal seizures and
      intracranial haemorrhage. We suggest that myoglobin derived from muscle breakdown
      in asphyxiated infants may lead to acute renal failure secondary to a reduction
      in renal blood flow, or to tubular damage.

PMID- 4062344
TI  - Clinical presentation, growth, and pubertal development in Addison's disease.
AB  - The clinical course of eight boys and six girls with Addison's disease has been
      reviewed. Adrenal antibodies were found in five boys and five girls, and four
      children showed clinical evidence of other autoimmune disease (hypoparathyroidism
      (three); diabetes (one)). The presentation was insidious in 12 children but acute
      in two. On treatment, linear growth was normal and, with the exception of one
      girl with theca cell antibodies, pubertal development proceeded normally in the
      older patients.

PMID- 4062345
TI  - Growth curve for girls with Turner syndrome.
AB  - A growth chart for girls with Turner syndrome has been prepared using data from
      four published series of European patients, and evaluated using retrospective
      data on the heights of girls with Turner syndrome seen at this hospital. The
      results indicate that calculation of height standard deviation score from this
      chart allows a reasonable prediction of adult stature in any patient with Turner
      syndrome. In addition, the results indicate that while oestrogen treatment causes
      an initial acceleration of growth, it has no significant effect on adult height.

PMID- 4062346
TI  - Head circumference charts updated.
AB  - Head circumference measurements from birth to 7 years, obtained from longitudinal
      data on children born between 1970 and 1977, are set against those from studies
      made in the United Kingdom earlier this century. A positive secular trend is
      shown. The children's heads were significantly larger than those born in the same
      locality 25 years earlier. Growth charts should be updated, as necessary, with
      each succeeding generation.

PMID- 4062347
TI  - Hyponatraemia associated with pneumonia or bacterial meningitis.
AB  - Serum sodium concentrations were measured in 93 children with pneumonia or
      bacterial meningitis on their admission to hospital. Hyponatraemia (sodium value
      134 mmol/l or less) was present in 33 (45%) of the 73 children with pneumonia,
      and in 10 (50%) of the 20 children with bacterial meningitis. Increased secretion
      of antidiuretic hormone is common in children with pneumonia, as well as in
      children with meningitis. The maintenance fluid requirement in these children is
      usually about 50 ml/kg/per day, and children with hyponatraemia caused by water
      overload need even lower fluid intakes. In developing countries, most children
      with pneumonia and meningitis should be managed without intravenous fluid
      treatment.

PMID- 4062348
TI  - Bowel behaviour in young black and white children.
AB  - Bowel behaviour was investigated in 81 rural black, 117 urban black, and 77 white
      children aged 1 to 4 years. The study was undertaken principally because intake
      of dietary fibre by urban blacks is now lower than that of whites: moreover, that
      of rural blacks has also fallen. Average daily defecation frequencies in rural
      and urban black children and white children were 1.9, 1.8, and 1.5, respectively.
      Black children voided smaller stools and more frequently than white children. In
      both ethnic groups most stools were soft. Median transit times, determined in 55
      rural black, 80 urban black, and 45 white children, were approximately 6.5, 7,
      and 27 hours, respectively. Median transit times increased little with age in
      black compared with white children. The higher defecation frequency and the much
      shorter transit time in black children are not explicable in terms of the levels
      of fibre intake.

PMID- 4062349
TI  - Oral contraceptives and breastfeeding: haematological effects on the infant.
AB  - Severe clinical and haematological manifestations of folate deficiency occurred
      in a previously healthy, fully breast fed, 10 month old infant whose mother took
      oral contraceptives.

PMID- 4062351
TI  - Deprivation hands and feet.
AB  - A survey of preschool children in three inner city day nurseries serving deprived
      areas found 13 children with pink oedematous hands and feet--'deprivation hands
      and feet'. The children and their families were compared with similar children in
      the nurseries. Growth and development were poor compared with accepted norms, but
      not notably different from controls. The families of the affected children were
      exceptional in being at a considerable social disadvantage. Other children in the
      families of these children also showed the sign.

PMID- 4062350
TI  - Should hepatitis B surface antigen positive mothers breast feed?
AB  - Breast fed infants may be at greater risk of mother to infant hepatitis B virus
      infection compared with formula fed infants. We studied 85 infants born to 84
      hepatitis B surface antigen positive mothers (only two of whom were hepatitis B e
      positive), and who had received immunisation against hepatitis B virus. Our
      results indicate that breast feeding does not increase the risk of developing
      hepatitis B virus infection in infants born to these mothers if immunisation is
      carried out.

PMID- 4062352
TI  - Epidermoid spinal cord tumour after lumbar puncture.
AB  - A 5 year old boy developed an implantation dermoid tumour after a lumbar puncture
      in infancy. A survey of senior paediatricians has shown it to be common practice
      to use an unstiletted needle for lumbar puncture in small children. A stiletted
      needle is recommended for all such procedures.

PMID- 4062353
TI  - Sugar intolerance complicating acute gastroenteritis.
AB  - Sugar intolerance occurred in 31 of 200 children admitted to hospital with acute
      gastroenteritis. In 28 this was transient and settled rapidly, but in the
      remaining three it indicated a more serious and persistent problem. The most
      important predisposing factor was viral infection, in particular with rotavirus.
      The current regimen for the management of sugar intolerance complicating acute
      gastroenteritis at this hospital is outlined.

PMID- 4062354
TI  - 'The state of the world's children'.

PMID- 4062355
TI  - Neonatal auditory brainstem responses.

PMID- 4062356
TI  - Rectal examinations and acute appendicitis.

PMID- 4062357
TI  - Chronic non-specific diarrhoea.

PMID- 4062358
TI  - Hepatitis syndrome in infancy.

PMID- 4062359
TI  - Pulmonary and neurobehavioral effects of formaldehyde exposure.
AB  - Two groups of male workers who were exposed to formaldehyde, the first group in
      phenol-formaldehyde-plastic foam matrix embedding of fiberglass (batt making),
      and the second in the fixation of tissues for histology, were studied for work
      related neuro-behavioral, respiratory, and dermatological symptoms; and for
      pulmonary functional impairment. Forty-five male fiberglass batt makers who were
      studied across the initial work-shift after a holiday had average frequencies of
      combined neurobehavioral, respiratory, and dermatological symptoms of 17.3 for
      the hot areas and 14.7 for the cold areas of the process. Their symptom counts
      were significantly greater than those for 18 male histology technicians who
      averaged 7.3, and for 26 unexposed male hospital workers who averaged 4.8. During
      their first workshift after holidays, 58% of the batt makers had a decrease in
      one or more tests of pulmonary function. Nine nonsmokers had decreases more
      frequently than did 35 smokers; forced expiratory volume in one second FEV1.0
      decreased in 16%, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (sb) decreased in 30%,
      forced expiratory flow 25-75 decreased in 16%, and forced expiratory flow) 75-85
      decreased in 36%. Thirty-five percent of all 44 men had drops in FEV1.0, forced
      vital capacity, or in diffusing capacity (sb).

PMID- 4062360
TI  - A mortality study of carbon black workers employed at five United Kingdom
      factories between 1947 and 1980.
AB  - Mortality in 1422 male carbon black process workers with at least 12 months
      exposure was recorded from 1947 to 1980. Excess deaths from lung cancer, which
      were not statistically significant, were observed but interpretation is
      complicated by the incompleteness of data on the populations from two of the five
      factories studied. The highest excesses of lung cancer were in the two factories
      with incomplete data, which also had the lowest measured dust levels (though
      these were high). Furthermore, the duration of employment of lung cancer
      decedents was slightly less than for individually matched internal controls.
      Excess lung cancer after the tenth anniversaries of first exposure was 10
      observed, 5.1 expected for the two factories with incomplete data; and 11
      observed, 7.9 expected, for the other three factories.

PMID- 4062361
TI  - Distribution of serum selenium, copper, and zinc in normal human pregnancy.
AB  - The distribution of the serum levels of selenium, zinc, and copper in human
      pregnancy at various gestational ages were determined from two ethnically and
      geographically different populations (Rosebud Indian Reservation and southeastern
      South Dakota) of 410 normal subjects. As gestation age increased, there was a
      significant increase and a slight decrease in the mean levels of copper and zinc,
      respectively. No change in the levels of selenium was observed. Significantly
      higher levels of both pregnancy and non-pregnancy serum copper were observed in
      the Rosebud population compared to that in southeastern South Dakota, possibly
      due to the significantly higher level of copper in the Rosebud water. No
      differences were observed in the zinc or selenium levels between the two
      populations. Serial measurements of these trace metals during the third trimester
      of pregnancy were performed on 18 subjects, and supported the trends described
      for copper and selenium. No decrease in zinc was observed in the individual
      subjects.

PMID- 4062362
TI  - Water hardness and cardiovascular mortality rate in Abruzzo, Italy.
AB  - For the years 1969-1978, the authors studied the pattern of mortality resulting
      from cardiovascular diseases (390-438 International Classification of Diseases
      [ICD]), ischemic heart diseases (410-414 ICD), and cerebrovascular diseases (430
      438 ICD), and then correlated mortality rate with water hardness. The study took
      place in the region of Abruzzo, Italy, which has a population of 594,323. An
      inverse correlation between drinking water hardness and mortality due to
      cardiovascular disease, already reported by other authors in many countries, is
      also confirmed in this research for the disease group 390-438 and for the group
      of individuals aged 45-64 yr.

PMID- 4062363
TI  - Lead in milk and infant blood: a dose-response model.
AB  - As part of a longitudinal study of the sources and developmental effects of
      current urban lead exposure, lead was measured in tap water from the homes of 249
      infants, in 100 breast milk samples, and in 73 samples of the infant formula used
      by non-nursing mothers. Also, the blood lead levels of the infants who received
      these fluids were determined at birth and at 6 months of age. Among the infants
      who were breast fed, the lead content of their milks correlated very well with
      their 6-month blood lead levels (r = .42, P = .0003). The mean lead content of
      infant formulas and breast milk were not significantly different, nor was the
      blood lead of children fed one or the other. Lead levels in maternal milk
      correlated poorly with umbilical cord blood lead (r = .18, P = .10). Tap water
      and infant blood lead levels correlated minimally (r = .11, P = .10). Since milk
      represents much of the diet of young infants and because breast milk lead levels
      are stable, it is possible to relate blood lead and daily dosage in this
      population.

PMID- 4062364
TI  - Abstracts. XIth World Congress of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Berlin (West),
      September 15-20, 1985.

PMID- 4062365
TI  - [Microscopic innervation of the prostate (I): Distal vegetative formation].

PMID- 4062366
TI  - [Chronic effects of pinealectomy on the prostatic ventral lobe and seminal
      vesicles-coagulating glands in albino rats. (II)].

PMID- 4062367
TI  - [Transrectal echography of the seminal vesicles].

PMID- 4062368
TI  - [Urinary diversion in patients with carcinoma of the cervix and ureteral
      obstruction: a call to attention].

PMID- 4062369
TI  - [Macroscopic hematuria. Arteriography and Cacchi-Ricci disease: apropos of 2
      cases].

PMID- 4062370
TI  - [Renal oncocytoma].

PMID- 4062371
TI  - [Is lymphadenectomy necessary in the surgery of renal carcinoma?].

PMID- 4062372
TI  - [Cystic ureteritis and urothelial neoplasm].

PMID- 4062373
TI  - [Urological pathology in myelodysplasias].

PMID- 4062374
TI  - [Emphysematous cystitis: 2 new cases].

PMID- 4062375
TI  - [Sjogren's syndrome and renal lithiasis].

PMID- 4062376
TI  - [Embryogenesis of the malpighian epithelium of the uterine cervix. New findings].

PMID- 4062377
TI  - [Colonic necrosis and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome].

PMID- 4062378
TI  - [Parathyroid lipoadenoma and lipomatous hyperplasia. 3 cases].

PMID- 4062379
TI  - [Hematopoietic pseudotumors of the mediastinum. Anatomoclinical study and review
      of the literature. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 4062380
TI  - [Acute malignant myelofibrosis. An autonomous entity].

PMID- 4062381
TI  - [Tumor of the bladder with hypercalcemia. Apropos of a case with review of the
      literature].

PMID- 4062382
TI  - [Ascaris lumbricoides: pathological anatomy].

PMID- 4062383
TI  - [Fasciola hepatica (large liver fluke): pathological anatomy].

PMID- 4062384
TI  - [15 cases of olfactory esthesioneuroma. Clinical, histopathological and
      histoprognostic considerations].

PMID- 4062385
TI  - Amyloid arthropathy.

PMID- 4062386
TI  - Amyloid arthropathy in patients undergoing periodical haemodialysis for chronic
      renal failure: a new complication.
AB  - Seven patients (five male and two female) with chronic renal failure (CRF)
      treated by periodical haemodialysis presented with swelling and effusion of more
      than three months' duration in knees (four bilateral), shoulders (two, one of
      them bilateral), elbow (one), and ankle (one). Four had a carpal tunnel syndrome
      both clinically and electromyographically (three bilateral). All patients had
      hyperparathyroidism secondary to their CRF, which was not due to amyloidosis in
      any of them. The dialysis duration period varied from five to 14 years, with an
      average of 8.6 years. Amyloid deposits (Congo red positive areas with green
      birefringence under polarising microscopy) were shown in six of the seven
      synovial biopsy specimens of the knee, in five of the sediments of the synovial
      fluids, and in specimens removed during carpal tunnel syndrome surgery. No
      amyloid was found in the biopsy specimen of abdominal fat of six of the patients.
      The finding of amyloid only in the synovial membrane and fluid, and carpal
      tunnel, its absence in abdominal fat, and the lack of other manifestations of
      generalised amyloidosis (cardiomyopathy, malabsorption syndrome, macroglossia,
      etc.) and of Bence Jones myeloma (protein immunoelectrophoresis normal) raises
      the possibility that this is a form of amyloidosis which is peculiar to CRF
      treated by periodical haemodialysis.

PMID- 4062387
TI  - Synthesis of antibodies, including antiviral antibodies, in the knee joints of
      patients with arthritis.
AB  - Serum and synovial fluids from 16 patients with seronegative arthritis and eight
      with rheumatoid arthritis were studied for immunoglobulin levels and for antibody
      levels to five viruses. When allowances were made for the distribution of
      immunoglobulins between serum and synovial fluid there was evidence that in
      several patients antibody to one or more viruses was synthesised locally in the
      joint. IgG and especially IgM were present in greatly increased amounts in
      arthritic joints compared with normal joints. On the basis of serum/synovial
      fluid ratios inflammation and local immunoglobulin synthesis are discussed as
      possible causes. These results are compared with antiviral antibody and
      immunoglobulin ratios observed in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients
      with multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 4062388
TI  - MacIntosh arthroplasty for the rheumatoid knee: a 10-year follow up.
AB  - The results of 75 MacIntosh arthroplasties performed for rheumatoid arthritis of
      the knee in 63 patients were reviewed at least 10 years after surgery. Forty-two
      knees in 35 patients were available for assessment. Eleven arthroplasties had
      been revised to total knee replacement without difficulty because of pain or poor
      function. The remaining 31 knees in 25 patients gave good or excellent results in
      22 cases, fair in eight, and poor in one. Seven patients could not be traced, and
      21 patients representing 26 knees had died. At least half these knees had given
      satisfactory results immediately before death judged by review of the case notes.
      The difficulty of comparing functional status with the preoperative state because
      of progressive multiarticular disease was highlighted. Although greater angular
      deformities preoperatively reduced the chance of success in the medium term, late
      failure of the arthroplasty after five years was very rare. Approximately two
      thirds of all the arthroplasties performed gave satisfactory results at 10-year
      follow up or until the time of death.

PMID- 4062389
TI  - IgA serum levels and disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis: a prospective
      study.
AB  - We investigated the possible association between serum IgA, IgM, and IgG and
      disease activity in a longitudinal study of 48 weeks' duration in 38 male
      patients with active ankylosing spondylitis receiving regular treatment with
      either phenylbutazone or diflunisal. Throughout the study serum IgA levels
      correlated most frequently with chest expansion and lumbar flexion index, and
      patients with extensive radiological changes also had the highest serum IgA
      levels. Likewise, changes in IgA, but not in IgM and IgG, correlated with changes
      in a composite index of disease activity (IDA). Changes in erythrocyte
      sedimentation rate (ESR) showed a similar correlation with changes in IDA,
      whereas changes in serum IgA and ESR showed no consistent correlation, suggesting
      that both parameters reflect different aspects of disease. Serum IgA, ESR, and
      IDA values all decreased during regular drug treatment, suggesting a disease
      modifying effect of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) studied.
      Regular measurement of serum IgA may be useful in the assessment of disease
      activity of ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 4062390
TI  - Ascites in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Peritoneal serositis is not a widely recognised aspect of systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE). Indeed, ascites in SLE is said to occur only when
      complicated by the nephrotic syndrome, congestive cardiac failure, or hepatic
      cirrhosis. We describe two patients who developed ascites that could be
      attributed to none of these complications.

PMID- 4062391
TI  - Depolymerisation products of hyaluronic acid after exposure to oxygen-derived
      free radicals.
AB  - Preparative chromatographic fractions of human umbilical cord hyaluronic acid
      (HA) of a molecular weight of 10(6) were subjected to graded oxygen-derived free
      radical (oxy radical) fluxes produced by: (a) the autoxidation of ferrous ions;
      (b) the action of xanthine oxidase (XO) on hypoxanthine (HX); and (c) by
      peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes that had been stimulated by phorbol
      myristate acetate (PMA). Analysis by gel chromatography of the products obtained
      with each of the oxy radical generating systems showed polydispersity in size.
      The smallest molecules detected had a molecular weight of 10(4). This limiting
      size was not reduced further by exposure to a second oxy radical flux. The
      relative proportions of large, medium, and small degradation products were
      established for various levels of oxy radical flux. Consistently a relatively
      rapid transition from large to small material was seen on Sepharose 2B
      chromatography, suggesting an ordered element to the breakdown process. Although
      the decrease in molecular weight after oxy radical exposure was confirmed by
      analytical ultracentrifugation, this procedure showed that those samples of
      lowest viscosity did not have the lowest sedimentation values, possibly
      reflecting oxy radical-induced repolymerisation. If the size and possibly the
      conformational characteristics of HA are altered, oxy radical exposure might be
      expected to alter its biological properties.

PMID- 4062393
TI  - Frozen shoulder.

PMID- 4062392
TI  - Traumatic chylous knee effusion.
AB  - A 47-year-old patient presented with a chylous knee effusion and traumatic
      infected skin lacerations. The diagnosis of septic arthritis was considered
      because of purulent looking joint fluid, spuriously high synovial fluid white
      cell count, and signs of acute knee synovitis. Synovial fluid lipid analysis
      showed increased total lipids due to high concentration of neutral lipids, mainly
      triglycerides, and repeated knee radiographs showed a small fracture of the
      tibial spine. Joint trauma with subchondral fracture can be associated with frank
      chylous effusion, which may mimic acute septic arthritis.

PMID- 4062394
TI  - Still's disease and haemophagocytic syndrome.

PMID- 4062395
TI  - Open lung biopsy versus empirical antibiotic therapy in the immunosuppressed
      patient.

PMID- 4062396
TI  - Prospective randomized study of open lung biopsy versus empirical antibiotic
      therapy for acute pneumonitis in nonneutropenic cancer patients.
AB  - Diffuse pulmonary infiltrates and acute respiratory compromise frequently occur
      in patients with cancer who are undergoing chemotherapy, and treatment remains
      controversial. We initiated a prospective randomized trial in 22 nonneutropenic
      patients to compare the efficacy of immediate open lung biopsy with that of
      empirical trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin therapy with delayed
      open lung biopsy if no clinical improvement occurred after 4 days of therapy.
      Diagnoses included non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (15 patients), T-cell lymphoma (2),
      acute lymphoblastic leukemia (3), Hodgkin's disease (1), and breast cancer (1).
      The median age was 40 years, and fever (18) and tachypnea (13) were the most
      frequent signs. Median room air arterial oxygen tension in 18 hypoxic patients
      was 53 mm Hg; 19 patients had diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. Eight of the 10
      patients randomized to empirical antibiotic therapy showed improvement after 4
      days. The 2 patients whose condition did not improve and who underwent delayed
      open lung biopsy had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. One of them did show
      improvement, and the other died of respiratory failure. Time to clinical
      resolution in the 9 surviving patients was 14 days; 4 required prolonged
      ventilation (longer than 24 hours). Findings for the 12 patients randomized to
      immediate open lung biopsy were P. carinii pneumonia in 7 and nonspecific
      pneumonitis in 5; there were 3 deaths related to open lung biopsy. Time to
      resolution in the surviving patients was 13 days for those with P. carinii
      pneumonia and 5 days for those with nonspecific pneumonitis; 7 required prolonged
      ventilation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4062397
TI  - Valve replacement in patients with native valve endocarditis: what really
      determines operative outcome?
AB  - The influence of 27 variables on operative mortality and late complications
      (defined as residual or recurrent endocarditis or late bland periprosthetic leak)
      was determined using discriminant analysis for 108 patients undergoing valve
      replacement for native valve endocarditis at Stanford University Medical Center
      from March, 1964, to January, 1983. Congestive heart failure was the indication
      for valve replacement in 86% of patients. Aortic valve replacement was required
      in 68% and mitral valve replacement, in 26%. Patients were arbitrarily defined as
      having active (58%) or healed (42%) endocarditis. Follow-up included 515 patient
      years and extended to a maximum of 19 years. Operative mortality was 15 +/- 4%,
      and 17 patients had late complications (linearized rate, 3.3% per patient-year).
      Seven variables were significantly related to operative mortality in the
      univariate analysis, but only organism (Staphylococcus aureus versus all others,
      p = 0.0302) was a significant independent predictor of operative mortality. For
      late complications, only 2 of 7 significant univariate covariates proved to be
      significant independent determinants: organisms on valve culture or gram stain
      and the presence of annular abscess. Patients with S. aureus endocarditis not
      showing prompt response to antibiotic treatment must be considered for early
      operation. Similarly, timely operative intervention for patients with annular
      abscess will be essential in decreasing late valve infections and perivalvular
      leaks.

PMID- 4062398
TI  - Clamp/repair: a safe technique for treatment of blunt injury to the descending
      thoracic aorta.
AB  - Debate exists with regard to the use of pump bypass, shunt bypass, or
      clamp/repair techniques in treating injuries to the descending thoracic aorta.
      The objective in using any of these techniques is to minimize the complications
      of paraplegia and renal failure, while achieving the lowest possible mortality.
      During an eighteen-year period, 45 patients were seen with acute blunt injury to
      the descending thoracic aorta. The shunt bypass method of repair was used in 1;
      pump bypass in 8; and clamp/repair in 23. There were desperate unsuccessful
      attempts to resuscitate and control hemorrhage in 13 patients, 1 of whom was
      placed on portable pump bypass. Thirty-two patients survived resuscitation and
      operation, and 26 were long-term survivors. Among surviving patients with
      permanent paraplegia, 2 underwent pump bypass and 1, the clamp/repair technique.
      Four other patients were seen with paraplegia or paresis and had reversal of the
      paralysis. The clamp/repair technique was used in these patients with clamp times
      ranging from 35 to 62 minutes (mean, 47.4 +/- 13.3 minutes). Renal failure did
      not occur in any patient, despite clamp times of up to 62 minutes (mean, 37.5
      minutes). Excluding patients seen in a moribund condition, mortality most often
      was secondary to neurological or multisystem injury. Debate continues concerning
      intraoperative management of this highly lethal vascular injury. The data
      presented here support the historical composite experience that clamp/repair is a
      safe and efficacious technique that minimizes paraplegia and mortality.

PMID- 4062399
TI  - Effects of varied cardioplegic perfusion pressure on myocardial preservation with
      critical coronary stenosis.
AB  - Inadequate delivery of cardioplegic solution distal to coronary artery stenosis
      may result in increased injury during ischemic arrest. This study was performed
      to determine the effects of cardioplegic perfusion pressure on cardioplegia
      delivery and myocardial preservation in hearts with critical coronary artery
      stenosis. Twenty dogs underwent 90 minutes of cold potassium cardioplegic arrest
      with partial occlusion of the circumflex coronary artery. Group 1 received
      cardioplegia at 50 mm Hg pressure, Group 2 at 90 mm Hg pressure, and Group 3 at
      130 mm Hg pressure. It was found that cooling rates were 5.4 degrees, 9.1
      degrees, and 18.2 degrees C per minute in the nonischemic area (p = 0.004) and
      2.0 degrees, 4.5 degrees, and 7.9 degrees C in the ischemic area (p = 0.008) in
      Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Total of cardioplegic solution flows were 86,
      188, and 262 ml per minute per 100 gm in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p =
      0.001). However, flow did not differ significantly between groups in the ischemic
      area. Rate of rise of left ventricular (LV) pressure decreased significantly in
      Groups 1 and 2 but not in Group 3 (p = 0.002). Other measured variables did not
      differ significantly between groups, although LV function curves showed less
      deterioration in the high-pressure groups. It is concluded that higher
      cardioplegic perfusion pressure resulted in more rapid cooling in normal and
      ischemic areas and slightly better preservation of ventricular function as
      measured by some indexes. However, preservation was generally good for each of
      the pressures for up to 90 minutes of ischemia when the septum was consistently
      cooled to 10 degrees C.

PMID- 4062400
TI  - Postoperative left ventricular contractility in the cardiac surgical patient: an
      evaluation of the force-interval relationship.
AB  - The force-interval relationship--the dependence of cardiac contractility on the
      rate and pattern of stimulation--was evaluated for its potential use in
      monitoring patients in the period immediately following heart surgery. Six
      patients were studied for three days after coronary artery bypass grafting. The
      monitoring instrumentation used during operation included a catheter-tip
      micromanometer introduced into the left ventricle, a pair of ultrasonic
      transducers placed on the left ventricular (LV) epicardium to monitor minor-axis
      dimension, pacing electrodes placed on the right atrium, and systemic arterial
      and venous catheters. During the experiments, heart rate was controlled by atrial
      pacing. After every twentieth systole (the control systole), a pause in the heart
      rate was introduced during which an extrasystole (SE) and a postextrasystole
      (SPES) were elicited at test intervals tE and tPES, respectively. The intervals
      between the control systole and test systoles SE and SPES were experimentally
      manipulated. When the test intervals were increased, the peak first derivative of
      LV pressure (Pmax) of SE and of SPES increased monophasically. To eliminate the
      effects of LV end-diastolic volume, we used only SPES and control systoles with
      the same LV end-diastolic dimension in construction of PES ratio curves (Pmax of
      SPES/Pmax of the control systole, as a function of tPES). The PES ratio rose
      monophasically with an increase in tPES; these curves were well fitted by an
      exponential relationship. The PES ratio exceeded unity at long tPES intervals.
      This ratio, denoting postextrasystolic potentiation, was inversely dependent on
      tE. The patients experienced no complications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4062401
TI  - Fluorocarbons: a potential treatment of cerebral air embolism in open-heart
      surgery.
AB  - This study was designed to assess whether an oxygenated fluorocarbon solution
      could reduce ischemic brain damage related to arterial air embolism. Air embolism
      was produced by injecting air bubbles into the carotid artery of barbiturate
      anesthetized rats breathing 100% oxygen. Results were assessed on
      electrocorticogram. In an additional set of experiments, mass spectrometry was
      used to provide continuous monitoring of intracerebral tissue oxygen (PO2) and
      carbon dioxide (PCO2) tensions and intermittent measurement of cerebral blood
      flow (CBF). Fluorocarbon or saline solution (containing the emulsifying agent of
      fluorocarbons) was given intravenously after the initial air embolism (0.2 ml),
      and injections of air (0.1 ml) were repeated thereafter every five minutes. The
      maximal amount of air required to achieve complete and irreversible flattening of
      the electrocorticogram was 1.60 +/- 0.06 ml (mean +/- standard error of the mean)
      in the saline-treated rats and 5.20 +/- 0.44 ml in the fluorocarbon-treated group
      (p less than 10(-7)). In the second experiment, air embolism caused CBF to rise
      in both groups, the average percent of increase being higher in treated (41.6%)
      than in control animals (38.3%) (p less than 0.02). However, in the control
      group, the increase in CBF did not prevent intracerebral tissue PO2 from
      decreasing by 7.4 +/- 7.0% over the same period; conversely, in the fluorocarbon
      group, PO2 levels fell by only 2.5 +/- 3.7% (p less than 0.001 versus controls),
      but this time-averaged percentage was calculated over a longer period of
      cumulative ischemia because of the greater number of air emboli tolerated by
      treated animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4062402
TI  - Hypothermic circulatory arrest for cardiovascular lesions: technical
      considerations and results.
AB  - During a six-year period (1979 to 1984), the technique of hypothermic circulatory
      arrest was used to operate on 128 patients. Our technique included induction of
      hypothermia (20 degrees to 24 degrees C) by femoral artery cannulation for return
      of oxygenated blood, "open" aortic reconstruction, and brief periods of
      circulatory arrest (range, 5 to 31 minutes; mean, 13 minutes). Eighty patients
      had dissecting aneurysms of the ascending aorta (42 acute, 38 chronic), 28 had
      fusiform aortic arch aneurysms, and 13 had annulo-aortic ectasia. Seven had other
      procedures. Ages ranged from 14 to 79 years (mean, 54 years). Of the 113 patients
      (88%) who survived the operation and were discharged, 107 are currently alive and
      well. Only 15 of the 21 deaths occurred within 30 days of operation, and 5 (33%)
      were in severely hypotensive patients whose operations were begun during active
      resuscitation. Of the 80 patients admitted with ascending aortic or arch
      dissection, an in-hospital mortality of 7.5% was achieved. A marked reduction was
      observed in such complications as postoperative hemorrhage, renal failure, and
      pulmonary insufficiency with our current hypothermic perfusion methods. Moreover,
      none of the five neurological complications could be attributed to anoxic
      cerebral injury during the period of circulatory arrest. This experience
      indicates that moderate levels of hypothermia provide adequate cerebral
      protection for most cardiovascular procedures, and our results encourage
      continued use of this method.

PMID- 4062403
TI  - Reperfusion before global ischemic arrest improves the salvage of infarcting
      myocardium.
AB  - To study the effect of hypothermic global ischemic arrest on an evolving
      myocardial infarction and of perfusion of the ischemic zone or region at risk
      before global ischemia, 62 farm pigs underwent 15, 30, or 60 minutes of
      reversible coronary occlusion. Twenty-eight of these animals served as controls:
      reflow to the region at risk was established by removal of the coronary occluder
      without the addition of global ischemia. Another 26 animals had similar periods
      of coronary occlusion and then were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass; they
      underwent aortic cross-clamping and cardioplegia-induced global hypothermic
      arrest for 45 minutes. Eight additional pigs had two hours of reflow to the
      region at risk after removal of the occluder and before global ischemic arrest.
      When superimposed on regional ischemia, global ischemia resulted in a 6-fold
      increase in infarct size after 15 minutes of coronary occlusion (p less than
      0.05), a 2.2-fold increase after 30 minutes of coronary occlusion (p less than
      0.05), and no significant increase after 60 minutes of coronary occlusion.
      Reperfusion prior to global ischemia completely prevented infarct extension with
      0.4% less infarction (not significant) in this group versus the controls without
      global ischemia. These results clearly demonstrate that infarct extension
      occurring when global ischemia is superimposed on regional ischemia is greatest
      early in infarct evolution but that reflow to the region at risk before global
      ischemic arrest prevents the additional infarction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4062404
TI  - Repair of corrected transposition associated with ventricular septal defect and
      pulmonary stenosis.
AB  - Five patients with the diagnosis of classically corrected transposition of the
      great arteries, ventricular septal defect (VSD), and pulmonary outflow tract
      obstruction underwent surgical repair. A variant of a previously described
      technique was used to avoid injury to conduction tissue. Through an incision into
      the anatomical left ventricle, the VSD patch was sutured inferiorly to the right
      and away from the edges of the defect and superiorly to the epicardial border of
      the ventriculotomy. The pulmonary artery was opened, and its proximal end was
      closed with a suture. A pouch containing the conduction tissue was therefore
      obtained. Pulmonary ventriculoarterial continuity was reestablished using a
      valved or nonvalved Dacron or pericardial conduit. The postoperative course of
      the patients was uneventful. No changes were demonstrated on comparison with
      preoperative cardiac rhythm. Good hemodynamic performance was noted in 2 patients
      in whom postoperative catheterization was performed.

PMID- 4062405
TI  - Beneficial preparatory aortopulmonary shunt for anatomical repair of
      transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum.
AB  - Anatomical repair was successfully performed in an infant with transposition of
      the great arteries and intact ventricular septum who had previously received a
      Blalock-Taussig shunt. In this patient, creation of an aortopulmonary anastomosis
      induced a well-developed left ventricle with concomitant adequately increased
      pressure and mass. Beneficial aortopulmonary shunt that precedes the anatomical
      repair in selected patients with simple transposition is discussed.

PMID- 4062406
TI  - An improved technique for autotransfusion of shed mediastinal blood.
AB  - A technique for autotransfusion of shed mediastinal blood using the cardiotomy
      reservoir is described that offers several advantages over currently available
      autotransfusion systems.

PMID- 4062407
TI  - A technique for direct-vision sternal reentry.
AB  - A simple technique in which the retrosternal tissues are dissected from the body
      of the sternum under direct vision, allowing for relatively quick and safe
      reentry of the sternum, is presented.

PMID- 4062408
TI  - Ventricular bypass.

PMID- 4062409
TI  - Primary chest wall tumors.

PMID- 4062410
TI  - Developmental pattern of androgen-binding protein secretion during the critical
      period of sexual differentiation.
AB  - Androgen-binding protein (ABP) distribution in the fluids and tissues of fetal
      and neonatal rats was determined by radioimmunoassay during the critical period
      of sexual differentiation from 12 days postconception (PC) to 6 days postpartum.
      No significant differences in plasma ABP concentrations were detected between
      litters of the same age. Fetal plasma ABP in both sexes was high at 18 days PC
      and decreased to birth. At birth, this level increased, then continued its
      decline during the neonatal period. After 4 days, the level in females was
      significantly lower than that of males; this was the only time a significant
      difference in ABP levels between the sexes was observed. Amniotic fluid ABP was
      low at 12 days and increased to a peak at 18 days PC. Thereafter, it decreased as
      in plasma. ABP concentrations in fetal livers and placentas were almost
      negligible and changed in parallel with fluid concentrations. No ABP was detected
      in maternal plasma. Fetal production of ABP begins at the approximate time of
      gonadal differentiation and reaches a peak at 18 days, the time of peak androgen
      production. ABP may function as a protection against excessive concentrations of
      free androgen in the developing fetus and neonate.

PMID- 4062411
TI  - Testicular aging: vascularization and gametogenesis modifications in the Wistar
      rat.
AB  - A light microscopic study was carried out on testicular aging in the Wistar rat
      at the ages of 7, 12, 24, 40, 56, 72, 104, and 124 weeks. The following tissular
      modifications were observed: a progressive decrease in capillary density, a
      gradually reduced spermatogenic production, and a progressive increase of
      degenerating tubular areas. The following two questions were raised: (1) Are the
      vascular modifications responsible for the other alterations? (2) Do the
      anomalies inducing a decreased number of spermatozoa simultaneously lead to
      genetic alterations in the morphologically normal spermatozoa with fertilizing
      ability? This question is particularly interesting owing to our current knowledge
      of the consequences of the father's age on offspring.

PMID- 4062412
TI  - Activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes by spermatozoa.
AB  - Human spermatozoa activated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in the
      presence of serum. Activation of PMN was studied by measuring the emission of
      chemiluminescence by the PMN. The amount of chemiluminescence emitted depended on
      the number of spermatozoa and the serum concentration, and the presence of
      antibody or complement. Spermatozoa were able to activate PMN in the presence of
      heat-inactivated serum (only antibody, no complement), serum obtained from a
      patient with agammaglobulinemia (without antibodies and only complement as
      opsonin), and in MgEGTA agammaglobulinemic serum (only the alternative pathway of
      complement intact). In the presence of heat-inactivated agammaglobulinemic serum
      no significant chemiluminescence was observed. It was concluded that spermatozoa
      activate the alternative pathway of complement. Dead spermatozoa were more able
      to activate PMN than viable spermatozoa.

PMID- 4062413
TI  - Soluble seminal fluid proteins from various animal species.
AB  - When soluble seminal proteins from different animal species are studied by
      cellulose acetate electrophoresis, important differences can be observed. These
      differences may be related to the type of coitus and the storage and migration of
      spermatozoa in the female genital tract. Seminal fluid can play a role in
      spermatozoal maturation by affecting the distribution of the surface charge of
      spermatozoal membranes.

PMID- 4062414
TI  - Hormonal regulation of specific proteins in the rat epididymis.
AB  - In the adult caput epididymidis, three specific prealbumin proteins (B2, B3, and
      B4) could be visualized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Castration caused
      the disappearance of B2 and B4, and B3 became faint. Androgen administration to
      castrated rat restored the protein pattern to normal. In the cauda epididymidis
      of the control rat, four prealbumin proteins (B1-B4) were seen of which only B3
      was evident after castration. The dose of androgen administered was insufficient
      to restore the protein pattern of the cauda epididymidis. The caput epididymidis
      thus appears to have a lower androgen requirement than the cauda in regard to its
      protein pattern.

PMID- 4062415
TI  - Effect of hypothyroidism on the biogenic amines of the epididymis of rat.
AB  - Concentrations of norepinephrine and dopamine in various parts of the epididymis
      of rats have been determined. Effects of thyroidectomy and castration (15 days)
      and administration of thyroxine (2 micrograms/100 g body weight) and testosterone
      (1 mg/rat/day) were studied. The content of these amines did not change after
      thyroidectomy, although orchidectomy reduced same. Administration of thyroxine to
      animals that had thyroid and testes removed enhanced the catecholamine content of
      the epididymis.

PMID- 4062416
TI  - Effect of divalent ions in acrosome reaction induced by glycosamineglycans in
      porcine spermatozoa.
AB  - Magnesium, calcium, and zinc at the concentration of 10 microM are capable of
      inducing a "true" acrosome reaction in the pig spermatozoa judged by the criteria
      of the fusion of the acrosome and the plasmatic membrane at the anterior region
      or the sperm nucleus. The optimal percent of acrosome reaction reached by any of
      the ions tested as a whole was 50%. When glycosamineglycan sulfate (GAGs) plus 10
      microM of Mg++, Ca++, or Zn++ was added, they reach to 70-80% of acrosome
      reaction. At the electrom microscope, thin sections taken from pig spermatozoa
      treated with ions, GAGs, or ion + GAGs under optimal experimental conditions
      revealed the same pattern of acrosomal reaction. Results suggest the important
      role that divalent cations play in general in the induction of the acrosome
      reaction and question the so-called essential role of calcium ions.

PMID- 4062417
TI  - Artificial insemination by donor results in relation to husband's semen.
AB  - A retrospective analysis was undertaken to determine whether there was any
      difference in conception and abortion rate in an artificial insemination by donor
      program between couples whose husbands were azoospermic (group A) and couples
      whose husbands were severely subfertile (group O). The pregnancy rate was
      significantly higher in group A (64%) than in group O (47%) (p less than 0.05).
      The abortion rate was significantly lower in group A (10%) than in group O (23%)
      (p less than 0.05). This study confirms the opinion of other authors [4, 9] that
      pregnancy may occur despite severely abnormal semen. In fact, the difference in
      pregnancy and abortion rate between the two groups could be explained by assuming
      that the average fertility of the women in group O is lower than that in group A.

PMID- 4062418
TI  - Important semen parameters during postcoital testing.
AB  - One hundred and sixty-two females who attended our infertility clinic were
      selected according to the quality of their cervical mucus. Only mucus of
      extremely high quality was used in the study to determine the influence of
      different semen parameters on the postcoital test results. All mucus samples were
      evaluated 8 h following coitus. The results of the postcoital tests were divided
      into group I (less than 7 spermatozoa per 400 X magnification) and group II
      (greater than 7 spermatozoa per 400 X magnification). The results of the
      statistical analysis indicated the order of importance of the different semen
      parameters during postcoital testing. By using the stepwise discriminant
      analyses, it was calculated that the sperm concentration and forward progression
      rate of the spermatozoa are discriminating factors between the two groups.

PMID- 4062419
TI  - Reduced penetration of zona-free hamster ova by cryopreserved human spermatozoa.
AB  - The effect of cryopreservation on human sperm fertilizing potential was assessed
      by using the human sperm penetration into zona-free hamster ovum test. Semen
      samples from 12 fertile men were compared before and after cryopreservation for
      motility, sperm penetration rate, and number of sperm cells incorporated per
      oocyte. In fresh samples sperm concentration was 102 +/- 51 X 10(6) cells/ml,
      motility 66 +/- 14%, penetration rate 77.8 +/- 19%, and sperm incorporation 4.3
      +/- 3.9 sperm per ovum. Frozen-thawed sperm cells showed a marked reduction of 61
      +/- 21% (p less than 0.001) in motility. Penetration rate was reduced by 53 +/-
      34% (p less than 0.01), and sperm incorporation dropped by 50 +/- 28% (p less
      than 0.05). Despite this substantial reduction in all three parameters, 75% of
      the samples maintained a penetration rate exceeding 14%, which is the lower limit
      for fertile semen. For the individual subject the decrease in sperm motility did
      not reflect actual fertility potential as expressed by its ability to penetrate
      zona-free hamster ova. These findings are related to morphological and
      biochemical changes in frozen-thawed semen and apparently are correlated with the
      decrease in pregnancy rates after cryopreservation. This test may be a valuable
      supplement to routine microscopic semen analysis for semen cryopreservation
      candidates.

PMID- 4062420
TI  - Urinary vasopressin in male infertility.
AB  - In 10 healthy but infertile men, semen analysis and urinary vasopressin levels
      were evaluated and correlated. A significant correlation was observed between
      sperm count and urinary vasopressin (r -0.86). Similar correlation was seen
      between sperm motility and urinary vasopressin (r -0.83). It thus appears that
      higher levels of vasopressin are associated with aspermia and oligozoospermia.

PMID- 4062421
TI  - Fertility of the monorchid rat after partial resection of testes.
AB  - Regeneration of the seminiferous tubules was tested in monorchid rats whose
      testes were resected 25%, 50%, and 75% of the wet weight of testis. After a 50
      day recovery the animals were paired with primiparous rats to verify the male
      fertility. All the rats with 25% of testicular resection sired young, while those
      with 75% of resection were sterile. Among rats that suffered 50% of resection,
      only 17% were fertile. A comparative histomorphometry of the control testes and
      the resected testes demonstrated that parenchyma of the adult rat testis was not
      able to regenerate. However, the fertilizing capacity of rats depended on the
      amount of preserved testicular parenchyma.

PMID- 4062422
TI  - [Influence of anti-tobacco campaigns on the smoking behavior seen in Belgian Army
      recruits (the 1980 draft)].

PMID- 4062423
TI  - [A taxonomy of prevention in the health field].

PMID- 4062424
TI  - [Industrial solvents and glomerulopathies. A new class of occupational
      diseases?].

PMID- 4062425
TI  - [Microflora of fresh water].

PMID- 4062426
TI  - [Anthropometric study of birth weight in Belgium 1981-1982].

PMID- 4062427
TI  - [A nutritional survey in East Flanders and Liege. An interuniversity study:
      nutrition and health].

PMID- 4062428
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of a novel antihypertensive agent, SGB-1534, in miniature
      pigs.
AB  - The cardiovascular effects of SGB-1534 (3-[2-[4-(o-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]
      2,4(1H,3H)-quinazolinedione monohydrochloride) were investigated in pentobarbital
      anesthetized miniature pigs. SGB-1534 infused i.v. at a rate of 3 micrograms/kg .
      hr-1 caused a gradual decrease of systemic blood pressure reaching a plateau
      level, with a peak fall of about 20% of the preinfusion value, 30-60 min after
      the start of the infusion. Significant reductions of coronary vascular resistance
      and left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure were also observed. Changes in
      LV systolic pressure, coronary blood flow and pressure-rate product were not
      significant, while heart rate and LVdp/dt max were significantly increased. The
      pressor response to a bolus i.v. injection of epinephrine (1 microgram/kg) was
      significantly inhibited during i.v. infusion of SGB-1534. The results indicate
      that SGB-1534 is an antihypertensive agent, probably related to its alpha
      adrenergic blocking action in peripheral vasculatures.

PMID- 4062429
TI  - Cholinergic properties of choline ethers.
AB  - Effects of nine choline ethers, (CH3)3 NCH2CH(R)-O-R', on the muscarinic and
      nicotinic receptors of longitudinal smooth muscle of guinea-pig ileum were
      studied to understand the role of electronic/steric factors at the ether-oxygen
      in stimulating the cholinergic receptors. Their ED50S to cause contraction of the
      ileum in presence of hexamethonium (37 X 10(-6) M) were 2 to 307 times higher
      than that of acetylcholine (ACh; 2.9 X 10(-7) M). The relative maximal effects of
      5 ethers (1.20 to 1.34) were higher than that of ACh (1.0), while 4 exhibited
      lower maximal effects (less than 0.71). These ethers exhibited no significant
      inhibition of choline acetyltransferase and cholinesterase activities from the
      longitudinal muscle at their ED50S. Hexamethonium significantly increased the
      ED50S of 5 choline ethers. The ED50S of some of the ethers also were
      significantly increased by treating the muscle with physostigmine (38.5 X 10(-8)
      M) or physostigmine and hexamethonium. Atropine (greater than 1 X 10(-6) M)
      blocked the contractions induced by these ethers. The steric hinderance caused by
      the beta-methyl and/or O-alkyl groups and the electron density around the ether
      oxygen are limiting the muscarinic, as well as nicotinic, potencies of these
      choline ethers. Choline ethers possessing the beta-methyl and O-n-propyl, iso
      propyl or ter-butyl groups presumably release ACh at a site causing inhibitory
      potential through a secondary pathway.

PMID- 4062430
TI  - Alphamethyldopa analgesia: its possible mechanism of action.
AB  - The analgesic activity of alphamethyldopa (MD) was studied in mice using the
      acetic acid writhing test and the hot plate method. In the writhing test, MD
      produced a dose-dependent analgesic effect with an ED 50 of 26.5 mg/kg. The
      results of the hot plate test confirmed the analgesic activity of MD. Yohimbine,
      but not naloxone, antagonized the analgesic effect of MD in the writhing test.
      Atropine antagonized MD analgesia while physostigmine potentiated it. The study
      suggests that MD analgesia is of the nonopioid type involving both adrenergic and
      cholinergic systems.

PMID- 4062431
TI  - Effects of diltiazem on the TEA-induced plateau of nodose ganglion action
      potentials.
AB  - The effects of diltiazem, a Ca2+-antagonist, on the tetraethylammonium (TEA)
      induced plateau of the action potentials of nodose ganglia in the rabbit were
      investigated with intracellular recording techniques. TEA (10mM) formed a long
      lasting plateau in the falling phase of action potentials when applied in the
      superfusion solution. Membrane conductance during the plateau was increased and
      both duration and amplitude of the plateau were Ca2+-dependent. Hyperpolarizing
      test pulses terminated this TEA-induced plateau whereas depolarizing pulses
      prolonged it. Diltiazem depressed this TEA-induced plateau dose-dependently (I50
      value, 8.6 X 10(-7) M). The present results provide evidence that plateau is
      elicited by the activation of a voltage-dependent Ca2+-influx and suggest that
      the TEA-induced plateau could be a useful tool to investigate the inward Ca2+
      current in the neuron.

PMID- 4062432
TI  - Binding of warfarin by human albumin in the presence of a perfluorochemical blood
      substitute.
AB  - The effect of a perfluorochemical blood substitute on ligand binding by human
      albumin was examined using warfarin as a model drug. Binding of warfarin by four
      per cent human albumin solutions diluted with either buffer or blood substitute,
      and by blood substitute diluted with buffer was examined. Solutions containing 2
      or 10 micrograms/ml warfarin were quantitated by liquid scintillation counting
      using 14C-warfarin. The per cent warfarin free at room temperature was determined
      by centrifugation followed by supernatant ultrafiltration. Warfarin was weakly
      bound by the blood substitute and the overall effect of albumin dilution with the
      blood substitute was an increase in per cent warfarin free. Blood substitute
      binding of warfarin may explain the decrease of per cent warfarin free observed
      when albumin solutions were diluted to 50 and 75% v/v with blood substitute
      rather than buffer. However, the per cent warfarin free increased when albumin
      solutions were diluted to 25% v/v with blood substitute rather than buffer. The
      fraction free increased by 39.0% and 30.4% at total warfarin concentrations of 2
      and 10 micrograms/ml, respectively. This relative increase in per cent warfarin
      free may be the result of a direct and/or indirect displacement of albumin bound
      warfarin by a component(s) of the blood substitute.

PMID- 4062433
TI  - Cholinergic and pancreatic actions of purified porcine and synthetic vasoactive
      intestinal peptide (VIP).
AB  - In this study the vascular effects of VIP were studied in connection with its
      secretory performances in the pancreas and the liver. In anesthetized dogs
      pancreatic blood flow was measured parallel with measurement of bile and
      pancreatic secretion. VIP was injected intravenously at intervals of 1 minute in
      amounts of 1-2048 ng.kg-1. Striking conductance increases were observed in the
      pancreatic vascular beds ranging from an increase of 400% (pancreatic branch of
      splenic a.) to an increase of 80% (inferior pancreatic duodenal a.). Pancreatic
      secretion increased from 0 to 408 microliters.min-1 and bile secretion from 95 to
      145 microliters.min-1. VIP has powerful vasodilating effects on pancreatic
      vascular beds accompanying pancreatic secretion and bile secretion. Porcine VIP
      and 2 synthetic VIP analogues exhibited similar hemodynamic and metabolic
      actions. Although a correlation between vascular and metabolic effects possibly
      exists, the effects of VIP on gut vessels and pancreatic secretory cells are most
      probably separate events: at low VIP doses increase in conductance was observed
      without a concomitant increased secretion. A possible role of VIP maintaining an
      adequate blood supply to the pancreas is discussed.

PMID- 4062434
TI  - Effects of a new calcium entry blocking agent, KB-944, on the membrane potential
      and currents of mammalian ventricular muscle cells.
AB  - KB-944 (10(-5)-10(-4) M) decreased the action potential duration measured at 30%
      repolarization and hyperpolarized the resting membrane potential in ventricular
      trabeculae of the dog heart. In single ventricular cells of the guinea-pig heart,
      KB-944 (10(-4) M) abolished the slow inward current and produced an outward shift
      of the late current measured at the end of 200 msec clamp pulse. From these
      results it appears that KB-944 selectively blocks the slow inward current and may
      increase the background potassium conductance.

PMID- 4062435
TI  - Effect of cinpropazide on ischemic myocardial acidosis in dogs.
AB  - In dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital, the left anterior descending coronary
      artery (LAD) was occluded by an occluder so that the LAD flow could be set to
      about half the original flow (partial occlusion). Partial occlusion of the LAD
      continued for 90 min, and myocardial pH decreased by 0.71 pH unit 30 min after
      the start of partial occlusion. Cinpropazide, a coronary vasodilator, was
      injected intravenously 30 min after partial occlusion. Cinpropazide at the dose
      of 1 mg/kg, which increased LAD flow insignificantly in the nonischemic normal
      heart, attenuated the myocardial pH that has been reduced by partial occlusion,
      with a slight reduction in diastolic blood pressure. Restoration of myocardial
      [H+] 60 min after the injection of cinpropazide was 75.3%, and that of saline
      solution was 29.5%, indicating that cinpropazide restored the myocardial [H+] by
      45.8% during ischemia. The effect of cinpropazide to increase myocardial pH was
      not observed in the dog with nonischemic heart, however. It is concluded that
      cinpropazide attenuates myocardial acidosis during ischemia.

PMID- 4062436
TI  - Studies on the cardiovascular actions of apomorphine in dogs: central versus
      peripheral mechanisms and role of the adrenal medulla.
AB  - The effects of apomorphine on blood pressure and heart rate were studied in
      normotensive chloralose anaesthetized dogs. Intravenous apomorphine (200
      micrograms/kg) induced both a marked decrease of blood pressure and an increase
      in heart rate. These two cardiovascular responses to intravenous apomorphine were
      suppressed by haloperidol (1 mg/kg i.v.) or phentolamine (1 mg/kg i.v.). In
      contrast, pretreatment with atropine (1 mg/kg i.v.) only abolished the
      chronotropic (but not the hypotensive) response to apomorphine. Intravenous (500
      micrograms/kg) but not intracisternal (50 micrograms/kg) domperidone suppressed
      the hypotensive responses elicited by intravenous or intracisternal apomorphine.
      In contrast, domperidone, injected either by intravenous or intracisternal route,
      abolished apomorphine-induced tachycardia. In adrenal demedullated dogs, the
      hypotensive response to apomorphine was abolished. These results suggest that the
      hypotensive response to apomorphine in normotensive dogs is mainly mediated by
      activation of peripheral dopaminergic mechanisms. The drug decreases blood
      pressure through stimulation of dopaminergic receptors located on sympathetic
      nerve terminals and on the adrenal medulla leading to a decrease of the release
      of catecholamines.

PMID- 4062437
TI  - Effects of two venotropic drugs on inactivation and O-methylation of
      catecholamines in an isolated canine vein.
AB  - Clobenoside (1-O-ethyl-3-O-propyl-5,6-di-O-chlorbenzyl-D-glucofuranose, CL) and
      Venoruton [O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides, HR] did not cause supersensitivity to
      either exogenous or endogenous (stimulation-released) noradrenaline, in strips of
      the saphenous vein of the dog. Both drugs caused a significant blockade of the
      inactivation of noradrenaline, in oil immersion experiments. In incubation
      experiments with 3H-isoprenaline, CL and HR (100 to 900 mumol/l) caused a dose
      dependent inhibition of O-methylation; they had additive effects with the COMT
      inhibitor, U-0521 and their effects were abolished in the presence of
      hydrocortisone. In incubation experiments with 3H-adrenaline, formation of
      metanephrine was inhibited, neuronal uptake and oxidative deamination remaining
      unaffected. After intravenous administration of HR (100 mg/kg), the O-methylating
      capacity of blood vessels was similarly reduced. It is concluded that CL and HR
      affected exclusively the extraneuronal O-methylating system (probably both by
      inhibiting COMT and depressing uptake) and that this effect may contribute to
      their therapeutic actions.

PMID- 4062438
TI  - A cardiac antiarrhythmic screening test using the isolated ischaemic perfused rat
      heart preparation.
AB  - Ventricular fibrillation was induced by myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion in
      the isolated perfused rat heart. The dose-response effectiveness for the
      prototype antiarrhythmic drugs, propranolol, quinidine and lidocaine in
      converting the induced ventricular fibrillation to sinus rhythm was determined.
      The test is easy to perform and does not require skillful surgical procedure and
      long time for observation. In addition, no arrhythmogenic drugs are used and the
      amount of substance needed for the test is very small. It is suggested that this
      simple test be used as a cardiac antiarrhythmic screening test for antiarrhythmic
      drugs.

PMID- 4062439
TI  - Antinociceptive properties of a new tetrapeptide, Asn-Ala-Gly-Ala, in mice.
AB  - The effect of intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered Asn-Ala-Gly-Ala
      (NAGA), a partial sequence of beta-lipotropin, was investigated using the tail
      pressure, hot-plate and phenylbenzoquinone (PBQ)-induced writhing tests in mice.
      I.c.v. administration of NAGA produced a dose-dependent inhibition of responses
      as measured by the three different assays. The ED50 of NAGA on the tail-pressure
      test did not differ from that obtained on the hot-plate test. NAGA showed a
      prominent reduction in activity on the PBQ writhing as compared with the hot
      plate and tail-pressure tests. A low dose of naloxone (0.1-1.0 mg/kg, s.c.)
      resulted in a dose-dependent antagonism of the effect of NAGA in all assays.
      These data suggest that the antinociceptive effect induced by NAGA may involve
      the endogenous opioid system in mice.

PMID- 4062440
TI  - Differential effects of haloperidol decanoate, a long-acting neuroleptic, in
      behavioral and biochemical tests.
AB  - The pharmacological activities of haloperidol decanoate in several behavioral and
      biochemical tests for neuroleptics were pursued to validate its clinical mode of
      action. Haloperidol decanoate itself was about 40 times less potent than
      haloperidol in inhibiting 3H-spiperone binding to rat striatum in vitro and its
      direct application into the cerebral ventricle of mice showed no effect on brain
      concentrations of dopamine metabolites, homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). When injected intramuscularly, haloperidol
      decanoate exhibited various behavioral and biochemical effects together with
      prolonged accumulation of the parent drug haloperidol in dopamine-rich areas of
      the brain, but there was a clear difference in the time-course patterns of the
      effects. Conditioned avoidance responses in mice and rats were suppressed for a
      long period of days in the time-course pattern parallel to the elevation of brain
      haloperidol levels; the effect reached the peak a couple of days after the
      treatment and remained there over a week with gradual recovery towards 1 month
      after the injection. On the other hand, tolerance developed as rapidly as within
      7 days to the antagonistic effects on apomorphine-induced stereotyped behaviours
      in mice and rats and to prolactin-releasing activity in rats. Biochemically,
      there was a regional difference in the brain in the time-course of effect of
      haloperidol decanoate. Namely, the initial increase in dopamine metabolites was
      no longer seen in the striatum on day 21, whereas it still persisted in the
      frontal cortex. Thus, the present study has confirmed on the one hand the
      assumption that haloperidol decanoate is a pro-drug which itself has no
      neuroleptic activity and validated on the other hand the clinical results that it
      exhibits long-lasting antipsychotic activities with minimum and tolerable
      extrapyramidal and prolactin-related side effects.

PMID- 4062441
TI  - Behavioural pharmacology of imidazole, a potential antidepressant agent.
AB  - Imidazole (IMID) inhibited (+/-) N-n-propylnorapomorphine (NPA) and BHT-920
      induced penile erections (PE) and stretching and yawning (SY) in rats as well as
      apomorphine (APO) induced hypothermia in mice, enhanced shock-elicited
      aggressiveness in rats and antagonized sleep induced by clonidine in chicks. IMID
      moreover displayed activity in behavioural tests used in specific screening for
      antidepressants, potentiating yohimbine toxicity in mice and antagonizing
      immobility time in the despair test, with a potency in some cases equal to
      imipramine. IMID per se, depressed motor activity in both mice and rats. The
      possible mechanism of action and receptors involved are briefly discussed as well
      as IMID's profile as an antidepressant drug.

PMID- 4062442
TI  - Effects of 2-chloroadenosine on amygdaloid and hippocampal kindled seizures.
AB  - The effects of 2-chloroadenosine (2-CLA), a metabolically stable analogue of
      adenosine, on amygdaloid and hippocampal kindled seizures were examined in rats.
      Intraperitoneal injections of 2-CLA, 1.0 mg/kg, did not modify the evolution of
      either amygdaloid or hippocampal kindled seizures. 2-CLA in the dose of 3.0 mg/kg
      shortened the duration of both behavioral and electrographic convulsive
      manifestations while the dose of 5.0 mg/kg completely blocked the evolution of
      the kindled seizures. The results indicate that purinergic mechanisms are
      involved in the maintenance and modulation of the seizure threshold within the
      limbic system.

PMID- 4062443
TI  - Synergy. Should it determine antibiotic selection in neutropenic patients?

PMID- 4062444
TI  - Diuretic-associated hypokalemia.

PMID- 4062445
TI  - Potroom palsy? Neurologic disorder in three aluminum smelter workers.
AB  - We studied three patients with a progressive neurologic disorder, all of whom had
      worked for over 12 years in the same potroom of an aluminum smelting plant. All
      had incoordination and an intention tremor. Two of the three patients had
      cognitive deficits, and the most severely affected patient also had spastic
      paraparesis. None had involvement of the peripheral nervous system. Despite
      extensive evaluations, the cause of these patients' problems remains obscure. It
      is tempting to implicate one of the numerous substances to which the patients
      were exposed in the potroom, but none is known to cause the neurologic problems
      seen in these patients. Neurotoxic effects of aluminum in animals are directed at
      the central nervous system, and theoretically long-term low-level exposure to
      aluminum in the potroom could explain the findings in our patients.

PMID- 4062446
TI  - Occupational exposure to hepatitis B in paramedics.
AB  - To determine their occupational risk for hepatitis B infection, 59 Seattle
      paramedics were tested for hepatitis B serum markers. Evidence of antibody to
      hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) or antibody to hepatitis B core antigen
      (anti-HBc) was found in 25%, a rate five times that of a similar Seattle
      population. Seropositivity did not correlate with age, race, clinical history, or
      length of service. Of the 15 paramedics with seropositivity to hepatitis B virus
      six initially had low titers of either anti-HBs or anti-HBc. Four of the six
      demonstrated persistent low-grade seropositivity on retesting. Paramedics are at
      increased risk of hepatitis B infection. The high frequency of low-titer anti-HBs
      suggests that frequent low-level exposure to hepatitis B virus occurs in this
      population; hepatitis B vaccine should be strongly considered for paramedics.

PMID- 4062447
TI  - Cost containment of the second-generation cephalosporins by prospective
      monitoring at a community teaching hospital.
AB  - All patients receiving cefoxitin and cefamandole were prospectively reviewed for
      appropriate and inappropriate utilization. There were two eight-week survey
      periods. In period 1, 81 (70%) of 115 patients received cefoxitin appropriately
      and six (40%) of 15 patients received cefamandole appropriately. In patients
      receiving antibiotics inappropriately, 12 (35%) of the 34 receiving cefoxitin and
      eight (89%) of the nine receiving cefamandole had infections that could have been
      treated with less expensive, equally efficacious antibiotics. Changes in
      antibiotic therapy were made in 79% of patients based on our recommendations. The
      estimated annual cost saving for these antibiotics was $40,290. During period 2,
      73 (91%) of 80 patients were given cefoxitin appropriately and 14 (61%) of 23
      patients received cefamandole appropriately. Forty-three percent of those
      receiving cefoxitin and 33% of those receiving cefamandole inappropriately could
      have been treated with a less expensive, equally efficacious antibiotic. In 88%
      of patients, the attending physicians followed our recommendations.

PMID- 4062448
TI  - Fatal nonmeningitic Listeria rhombencephalitis. Report of two cases.
AB  - Two cases of rapidly fatal Listeria rhombencephalitis with normal cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) findings occurred in previously healthy adults. The infection
      presented with nausea and headache followed by fever and signs of lower cranial
      nerve dysfunction, without associated meningismus, and progressed to death within
      four and six days of hospitalization. Because of normal CSF findings (including
      ventricular fluid in one patient) and negative culture results of both blood and
      CSF, the diagnosis was not suspected. Listeriosis should be considered early in
      any febrile patient presenting with signs of brain-stem dysfunction, even if CSF
      findings are normal.

PMID- 4062450
TI  - Tubulointerstitial renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Tubulointerstitial renal disease is found frequently in patients with systemic
      lupus erythematosus. Despite the frequency of this entity, little is known about
      the prognostic significance of this biopsy finding. We reviewed 46 consecutive
      renal biopsy specimens from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who were
      followed up for a mean of 5.4 years. Tubulointerstitial abnormalities were
      present in 39% of the entire group of patients and in 51% of the patients who had
      clinical evidence of renal abnormalities. Tubulointerstitial inflammation was
      closely associated with diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis, with elevation
      of serum creatinine (SCr) concentration at biopsy, and with increased frequency
      of proteinuria both at biopsy and at follow-up. Additionally, active interstitial
      inflammation was associated with an increased risk of doubling the entry SCr
      concentration. The presence or absence of tubulointerstitial disease, however,
      did not add additional prognostic information to the predictive power of the
      entry SCr concentration or the glomerular histologic features.

PMID- 4062449
TI  - Technetium Tc 99m medronate bone scanning in rhabdomyolysis.
AB  - We used technetium Tc 99m medronate (methylene diphosphonate) scanning in the
      treatment of seven patients with rhabdomyolysis. In three patients the intense,
      diffuse, symmetric nature of the scans was suggestive of an underlying metabolic
      muscle disorder. The scans defined the extent of the muscle injury in three
      patients and demonstrated muscle injury that was not initially suspected in two
      patients. The scan also demonstrated clinically unsuspected metastatic pulmonary
      and gastric calcifications in one patient. All scans showed evidence of renal
      dysfunction. In conclusion, these cases demonstrate that Tc 99m medronate
      scanning helps to define the extent and location of muscle injury in
      rhabdomyolysis, and that diffuse muscle uptake of Tc 99m medronate may be
      associated with metabolic muscle disease.

PMID- 4062451
TI  - Increase in serum uric acid level associated with cisplatin therapy. Correlation
      with liver but not kidney platinum concentrations.
AB  - Hyperuricemia associated with cisplatin therapy is considered to be a consequence
      of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxic reactions. We correlated changes in serum uric
      acid levels in patients with malignant neoplasms with tissue levels of platinum
      and the total dose of cisplatin. In 15 patients, the serum uric acid level
      increased from 6.1 +/- 1.0 mg/dL to 8.3 +/- 1.3 mg/dL during the time they were
      receiving cisplatin therapy. The change in uric acid level from baseline to peak
      correlated with both the total dose of cisplatin and the liver platinum
      concentration. There was no correlation with platinum concentration in the renal
      cortex and medulla.

PMID- 4062452
TI  - Prediction of outcome in acute renal failure by discriminant analysis of clinical
      variables.
AB  - To define factors of prognostic importance in patients with acute renal failure,
      we studied 23 clinical variables (including preexisting conditions, the acute
      clinical setting, and complications) by univariate and multivariate analysis in
      148 patients. Ten variables contributed to discrimination in the overall
      analysis. Using a function derived by stepwise discriminant analysis, death could
      be predicted with a positive predictive value of 100% and a sensitivity of 58%.
      The performance of this discriminant score was validated in a subsequent group of
      113 patients with a positive predictive value of 100% and a sensitivity of 26%.
      Thus, a fatal outcome of acute renal failure can be accurately predicted in a
      considerable proportion of patients by a weighted evaluation of clinical
      variables. The discriminant score may be useful in comparing the severity of
      illness among series of patients with acute renal failure.

PMID- 4062453
TI  - Combined hepatic and renal injury in alcoholics during therapeutic use of
      acetaminophen.
AB  - Combined hepatocellular injury and renal tubular necrosis developed in five
      alcoholic patients who were receiving acetaminophen therapeutically. Two patients
      were taking doses prescribed by a physician. The hepatitis was characterized by
      extremely high serum transaminase values that were maximal on admission. Two
      patients died, and autopsy disclosed hepatic centrizonal necrosis and acute renal
      tubular necrosis. The three who survived had clinical features typical of acute
      tubular necrosis. All five had measurable concentrations of acetaminophen in
      plasma, although measurements were requested on admission only in two patients.
      When an alcoholic presents with combined hepatic and renal insufficiency,
      acetaminophen should be considered as a possible inciting agent. This diagnosis
      should be considered when serum transaminase levels are markedly elevated and
      when renal failure is due to acute tubular necrosis.

PMID- 4062454
TI  - Pneumonitis complicating low-dose methotrexate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Three of 95 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were being treated with low
      dose (5 to 15 mg/wk) methotrexate sodium developed the clinical, radiographic,
      and pathologic features of methotrexate-associated pulmonary injury. Marked
      hypoxemia emphasized the severity of illness in our patients; lowest oxygen
      pressure values for each patient were 35 mm Hg, 42 mm Hg, and 45 mm Hg. The
      management of our patients with a pulmonary toxic reaction to methotrexate
      included discontinuing the drug treatment, antibiotic therapy until an infectious
      cause was excluded, and high-dose methylprednisolone. Two patients recovered and
      one died. Contrary to an earlier report that suggested that pneumonitis occurred
      only with methotrexate sodium doses exceeding 15 mg/wk, our three cases
      demonstrate that a severe pulmonary toxic reaction may also complicate low-dose
      weekly methotrexate therapy of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4062455
TI  - Transitory hypocalcemia complicating measles.
AB  - During an epidemic of measles, 12 young adults developed hypocalcemia associated
      with a decrease in parathyroid hormone level. Calcium and parathyroid hormone
      levels returned to normal in five of the 12 patients for whom convalescent data
      were available.

PMID- 4062456
TI  - Renal handling of urate in the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of
      antidiuretic hormone.
AB  - Three patients with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic
      hormone had elevated uric acid clearances. Their uric acid clearances decreased
      markedly after the administration of pyrazinamide. Probenecid was given to two of
      them and it produced large increases in uric acid clearance. These data suggest
      that enhanced secretion in the renal tubules was responsible for the increased
      clearance of uric acid. This article provides evidence that hypouricemia in the
      syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone is due to increased
      tubular urate secretion.

PMID- 4062457
TI  - Quinidine-induced vasculitis.
AB  - Four patients developed nonthrombocytopenic purpura two to three weeks after
      initiation of quinidine therapy. The skin lesions disappeared and did not recur
      after cessation of quinidine therapy. Histologic examination revealed
      leukocytoclastic vasculitis with deposition of C3, IgA, and/or IgM in the small
      dermal vessels. Since quinidine purpura is usually associated with
      thrombocytopenia, the possibility of leukocytoclastic vasculitis as an additional
      cause of purpura is stressed.

PMID- 4062458
TI  - Cure of membranous nephropathy after resection of carcinoma.
AB  - Clinical cure was effected in two patients with biopsy-proved membranous
      nephropathy associated with neoplasms. One had a complete histologic remission as
      well. The incidence of malignancy in an unselected group of patients with
      membranous nephropathy in our institution was 9%. Careful workup in all patients
      over age 40 years with membranous nephropathy should be done to exclude tumor.

PMID- 4062459
TI  - Risk factors influencing survival in acute renal failure treated by hemodialysis.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 58 patients with acute renal failure treated by
      hemodialysis between 1980 and 1984 was carried out to study mortality and the
      risk factors that might adversely influence survival. Twenty-six factors,
      suggested by published data to be relevant to the short-term prognosis of such
      patients, were evaluated by univariate analysis. Survivors were found to be
      significantly younger, they were less frequently malnourished or jaundiced, and
      fewer required inotropic drugs (due to hypotension) or ventilator support after
      the first week of their illness. Sepsis, heart failure, central nervous system
      depression, and a greater number of the above complications were characteristic
      in the nonsurvivors. Multivariate analysis suggests that the probability of
      survival could be estimated by taking into account three of these factors: age,
      central nervous system depression, and hypotension. Further studies would be
      appropriate to test the predictive value of such a probability equation.

PMID- 4062460
TI  - Ten-year survival in multiple myeloma.
AB  - Of 305 consecutive patients with symptomatic multiple myeloma treated between
      1965 and 1974, a total of 4% survived ten years. Virtually all were less than 65
      years old, presented with low or intermediate stage disease, and responded well
      to chemotherapy. Prolonged unmaintained remissions, slow tumor growth, and
      recontrol of relapsing disease were common. Acute leukemia caused the death of
      two of six long-term survivors. Patients treated since 1974 lived longer than
      those seen previously, a finding attributed to better control of complications
      and more effective combination chemotherapy.

PMID- 4062461
TI  - Legionnaires' disease in the Caribbean. An outbreak associated with a resort
      hotel.
AB  - Outbreaks of legionnaires' disease (LD) in tourists visiting Italian and Spanish
      resorts have been recently reported. An unusual number of reports of LD in
      tourists visiting the US Virgin Islands prompted an investigation of risk factors
      for development of LD in this area. Twenty-seven cases of LD were identified
      between 1979 and 1982 through press reports, personal communication, the national
      LD surveillance system, a review of hospital records, and a mail survey. Twenty
      four of 27 persons with the disease had visited St Croix and 12 of them had
      stayed at a single hotel in 1981. Available evidence suggested that infection was
      due to Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1; L pneumophila serogroups 1 and 3 and
      several new Legionella species were isolated from the potable water system at the
      hotel. Following hyperchlorination of the potable water system, no further cases
      of LD in hotel visitors have been identified to date.

PMID- 4062463
TI  - Routine laboratory testing for medical disorders in psychiatric inpatients.
AB  - We examined the clinical utility of routine admission laboratory testing for
      medical disorders in 250 psychiatric inpatients by using clinical criteria to
      classify laboratory abnormalities as true- or false-positive results. The mean
      number of tests per patient was 27.7. The mean percentage of true-positive
      results was 1.8%; the mean predictive value was 12%. When three clinically
      defined subgroups were examined, both measures of test performance varied in
      direct proportion to the pretest probability of medical disease. Eleven patients
      (4%) had important medical problems discovered through routine laboratory
      testing. A testing battery consisting of nine tests in women and 13 in men would
      have identified all of these patients. Our results suggest that extensive,
      routine testing for medical disorders in this setting is unnecessary and that
      more efficient and accurate testing strategies, based on clinical information,
      can and should be developed.

PMID- 4062462
TI  - Occurrence of De Quervain's tendinitis during pregnancy.
AB  - Six women developed De Quervain's tenosynovitis during pregnancy. Onset was never
      before the fifth month. Two patients also had carpal tunnel syndrome. In two
      otherwise untreated patients, tendinitis resolved only after discontinuation of
      nursing. We discuss the possibility of association with hormonal changes
      occurring during pregnancy.

PMID- 4062464
TI  - Time and financial analysis of an academic general internal medicine unit.
AB  - A detailed time and financial analysis of an academic general internal medicine
      unit was used to examine financial, educational, and research issues. The
      residents' outpatient service possessed the greatest patient visit and revenue
      capacity, but revenue recovery was limited by low productivity and collection
      rate. Outpatient revenue production could be improved but would still be less
      than current inpatient revenues. Full financial self-sufficiency would require
      improvements in several aspects of revenue production and would severely limit
      faculty time for teaching, personal study, and research. Indirect financial
      contributions to the medical center through hospitalizations and referrals
      dwarfed direct revenues. Several strategies for academic general internal
      medicine units to achieve financial and academic survival are possible, each with
      its own set of trade-offs. Because local circumstances differ, strategies and
      outcomes are likely to vary among units.

PMID- 4062465
TI  - Sarcoidosis and reactive pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - Despite diffuse disease of the lungs (often with widespread inflammation or
      obliteration of blood vessels) in sarcoidosis, pulmonary hypertension is
      uncommon, occurring in 1% to 4% of cases. We report a case of sarcoidosis and
      severe pulmonary hypertension that, in striking contrast to other reports,
      occurred in the absence of obliterative pulmonary vascular disease. We therefore
      examined the possibility of whether an abnormality in pulmonary vascular tone
      might be a cause of the pulmonary hypertension. In pharmacologic studies, we
      demonstrated pulmonary vasodilatation and, in response to increased pulmonary
      blood flow, the elaboration of the pulmonary vasoconstricting eicosanoid,
      thromboxane.

PMID- 4062467
TI  - Asymptomatic giant cell arteritis.
AB  - A 71-year-old asymptomatic man was investigated because of anemia and an elevated
      erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Temporal artery biopsy showed that he had active
      giant cell arteritis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of giant cell
      arteritis in an asymptomatic patient. Giant cell arteritis may remain undiagnosed
      during life in many cases and may be an important cause of unexplained anemia in
      the elderly.

PMID- 4062466
TI  - Toxic megacolon in typhoid fever.
AB  - A 40-year-old man with bacteriologically documented typhoid fever who was
      receiving correct antibiotic treatment developed toxic megacolon. Because of
      progressive clinical deterioration, the patient underwent surgical treatment,
      with quick postoperative improvement while receiving antibiotics and total
      parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 4062468
TI  - Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis and primary biliary cirrhosis. A new
      association?
AB  - We encountered a case of primary biliary cirrhosis in a nonalcoholic man who had
      been operated on for idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis 20 years previously.
      Chronic pancreatitis was also detected on endoscopic retrograde examination.
      After several episodes of digestive bleeding due to ruptured esophageal varixes,
      the patient died of massive hemorrhage. Postmortem examination showed stage 3
      primary biliary cirrhosis and a thick retroperitoneal fibrous plaque, consisting
      of densely fibrotic areas of collagen with rare vessels and mononuclear cells. We
      suggest that idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis may be a new autoimmune disorder
      associated with primary biliary cirrhosis and that primary biliary cirrhosis is a
      potential cause of portal hypertension, cholestasis, or both in the course of
      idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis.

PMID- 4062469
TI  - Cyclic sinus node dysfunction in a patient with hyperthyroidism.
AB  - In a 54-year-old woman with hyperthyroidism, episodic sinus node dysfunction
      (SND) recurred in a cyclic fashion. The SND occurred suddenly during normal sinus
      rhythm and progressed to marked sinus bradycardia; occasionally, sinus arrest
      developed with or without ventricular escape beats. A 1-mg dose of intravenous
      atropine sulfate suppressed the occurrence transiently. After a 200-mg dose of
      propylthiouracil and a 20-mg dose of prednisolone every six hours, the SND was
      completely abolished within 21 hours. It is probable that, together with a
      pathologic process induced by hyperthyroidism, the autonomic nervous system
      participated in our patient's episodic SND.

PMID- 4062470
TI  - Pulmonary hemorrhage in lupus erythematosus without evidence of an immunologic
      cause.

PMID- 4062471
TI  - Propylthiouracil-associated hepatitis.

PMID- 4062472
TI  - Polymyalgia rheumatica.

PMID- 4062473
TI  - Research considerations in the measurement of relative exercise performance.

PMID- 4062474
TI  - Gastroesophageal reflux secondary to blunt injury.

PMID- 4062475
TI  - [Modifications in relation to age in the number and diameter of nerve fibers in
      dorsal spinal roots of the rat].

PMID- 4062476
TI  - Arterial subsegments of the human kidney.

PMID- 4062477
TI  - Alveolar development of the lung of the rat. Part I.

PMID- 4062478
TI  - [Strangulation--murder or suicide?].

PMID- 4062479
TI  - [Detectability of the blood group MN in human hair].

PMID- 4062480
TI  - [Death of a twin--infanticide or intrauterine fetal death?].
AB  - The authors report an intrauterine death in a twin pregnancy. Due to external
      circumstances, infanticide was initially suspected. Forensic examination of fetus
      and placenta, however, revealed a placental cause for the death of the twin. The
      macerated fetus, which had been retained for at least one week, was expelled,
      apparently unnoticed, shortly before the live birth of the hypotrophic second
      twin. The question of the possibility of unnoticed fetus expulsion was discussed.

PMID- 4062481
TI  - The Rhodopseudomonas viridis photosynthetic membrane: arrangement in situ.
AB  - The organization of photosynthetic membranes in the cytoplasm of the
      photosynthetic bacterium Rh. viridis has been examined by several techniques for
      electron microscopy. Thin sections of membrane stacks show that the regular
      lattice of membrane subunits reported in other studies can be observed in thin
      section. Tilting of sections in the electron microscope shows that the regular
      lattices of several membranes overlap in a way that suggests they are in register
      with each other. This observation can be confirmed by freeze-fracture images in
      which a regular arrangement of membrane lattices can be observed, each perfectly
      aligned. Analysis of the spacings of membrane pairs shows that the photosynthetic
      membranes of Rh. viridis are very closely apposed. The mean diameter of two
      membranes is 160A, and the average space between two such membranes is only 42A.
      When a recently developed atomic level model of Rh. viridis reaction center is
      superimposed against these spacings, each reaction center extends from the
      surface of its respective membrane far enough to make contact with an apposing
      membrane. The limited free space between membranes and regular alignment of
      lattices has a number of implications for how this membrane is organized to carry
      out the process of energy transfer.

PMID- 4062482
TI  - Heat shock stress in Bacteroides fragilis.
AB  - The response to heat shock was investigated in the obligate anaerobe Bacteroides
      fragilis. The cells responded quickly to stress and synthesised seven heat shock
      proteins immediately upon exposure to heat. The apparent molecular weights of the
      seven proteins differed from the apparent molecular weights of the proteins
      induced by UV irradiation, O2 and H2O2. Heat shock did not induce phage
      reactivation whereas UV irradiation, O2 and H2O2 did induce phage reactivation
      systems. Ethanol did not elicit the heat shock response. Two heat resistant B.
      fragilis mutants were isolated. Both mutants lost the ability to synthesise the
      same two heat shock proteins. It is concluded that the heat shock response and
      the responses to UV irradiation, O2 and H2O2 represent two independent groups of
      stress responses in B. fragilis.

PMID- 4062483
TI  - Effects of myxothiazol and 5-undecyl-6-hydroxy-4,7-dioxobenzothiazole on the
      respiratory pathways of the phytopathogenic fluorescent bacteria Pseudomonas
      cichorii and Pseudomonas aptata.
AB  - Myxothiazol inhibited the electron transport in the cytochrome b/c segment of
      membrane particles from Pseudomonas cichorii. A residual NADH-oxidation due to
      the presence of an alternative pathway via cytochrome o (Em, 7 = +250 mV) was
      sensitive to the quinone analog 5-undecyl-6-hydroxy-4,7-dioxobenzothiazole
      (UHDBT). This latter inhibitor was equally effective in blocking the linear
      respiratory chain of Pseudomonas aptata, a strain deficient in cytochromes of c
      type and Rieske iron-sulphur centre. The analysis of the oxido-reduction kinetic
      patterns of cytochromes indicated that, among the b type haems present in P.
      aptata, only cyt. o could be reduced by ubiquinol-1 in a reaction insensitive to
      both antimycin A and myxothiazol but inhibited by UHDBT. This latter finding has
      been correlated to the fact that P. aptata exhibits a defective b/c complex. In
      membranes from P. cichorii, in which the absorption maximum of dithionite reduced
      cytochrome(s) b shifted by 2-3 nm in the presence of antimycin A and/or
      myxothiazol, the electron flow through the b/c oxidoreductase complex has
      tentatively been arranged in a proton motive "Q-cycle" like mechanism.

PMID- 4062485
TI  - Metabolic and energetic aspects of the growth of Clostridium butyricum on glucose
      in chemostat culture.
AB  - The influence of a number of environmental parameters on the fermentation of
      glucose, and on the energetics of growth of Clostridium butyricum in chemostat
      culture, have been studied. With cultures that were continuously sparged with
      nitrogen gas, glucose was fermented primarily to acetate and butyrate with a
      fixed stoichiometry. Thus, irrespective of the growth rate, input glucose
      concentration, specific nutrient limitation and, within limits, the culture pH
      value, the acetate/butyrate molar ratio in the culture extracellular fluids was
      uniformly 0.74 +/- 0.07. Thus, the efficiency with which ATP was generated from
      glucose catabolism also was constant at 3.27 +/- 0.02 mol ATP/mol glucose
      fermented. However, the rate of glucose fermentation at a fixed growth rate, and
      hence the rate of ATP generation, varied markedly under some conditions, leading
      to changes in the Y glucose and YATP values. In general, glucose-sufficient
      cultures expressed lower yield values than a corresponding glucose-limited
      culture, and this was particularly marked with a potassium-limited culture.
      However, with a glucose-limited culture increasing the input glucose
      concentration above 40 g glucose X 1(-1) also led to a significant decrease in
      the yield values that could be partially reversed by increasing the sparging rate
      of the nitrogen gas. Finally glucose-limited cultures immediately expressed an
      increased rate of glucose fermentation when relieved of their growth limitation.
      Since the rate of cell synthesis did not increase instantaneously, again the
      yield values with respect to glucose consumed and ATP generated transiently
      decreased. Two conditions were found to effect a change in the fermentation
      pattern with a lowering of the acetate/butyrate molar ratio. First, a significant
      decrease in this ratio was observed when a glucose-limited culture was not
      sparged with nitrogen gas; and second, a substantial (and progressive) decrease
      was observed to follow addition of increasing amounts of mannitol to a glucose
      limited culture. In both cases, however, there was no apparent change in the YATP
      value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4062484
TI  - Subcellular localization and glycoprotein nature of the invertase from the
      fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
AB  - The subcellular localization of the enzyme invertase in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
      cells, both repressed and derepressed for synthesis of the enzyme, was studied.
      Most of the invertase was found to be located outside the plasma membrane and
      only a small percentage was found to be associated to membranes. A substantial
      portion of the external enzyme remained firmly bound to cell-wall material. All
      of the invertase recovered in soluble form from cellular extracts reacted with
      concanavalin A and with the lectin from Bandeiraea simplicifolia seeds,
      indicating the presence in the enzyme of a carbohydrate moiety which probably
      contains terminal mannosyl (or structurally related) and galactosyl residues. The
      possibility of the presence of two different forms of invertase in S. pombe was
      considered. An intracellular, soluble form of invertase, devoid of carbohydrate,
      similar to the small invertase of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was
      not found in S. pombe. However, the Michaelis constant for sucrose of the enzyme
      present in repressed cells was smaller than that of the invertase synthesized
      under derepressing conditions, although this difference could also be the result
      of a different pattern of glycosylation of the invertase synthesized under
      different growth conditions.

PMID- 4062486
TI  - [Apropos of Wernicke's encephalopathy with a hypodense image around the 3d
      ventricle on the CAT scan].

PMID- 4062487
TI  - [Are there memory disorders in the toxic oil syndrome? Case control study of twin
      girls].

PMID- 4062488
TI  - [Medical management of tuberculous hydrocephalus].

PMID- 4062489
TI  - [Electromyographic and biological study of a case of Eulenburg's paramyotonia].

PMID- 4062490
TI  - [Neuropathologic findings in neurocysticercosis].

PMID- 4062491
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against tumour-associated antigens: mycoplasma as a major
      technical obstacle and its possible circumvention by azaserine selection medium.
AB  - In experiments aimed at generating monoclonal antibodies against tumour
      associated antigens, mice are usually immunized with cancer cells (or membrane
      fractions prepared from it) obtained from surgery or cultured in vitro. In both
      situations there is the danger of introducing mycoplasmas into the hybridoma
      cultures even if the myeloma cell line and the mice used for immunization or
      feeder cell preparation are not infected. Mycoplasmas kill hybridoma cells during
      HAT selection because they excessively degrade thymidine. The use of azaserine
      instead of aminopterin in hybrid selection circumvents the necessity for
      thymidine and therefore may allow survival and growth of hybridomas in the
      presence of mycoplasmas.

PMID- 4062492
TI  - [Formation of volatile carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds from drugs under
      simulated human gastric conditions].
AB  - 41 commercial drugs approved for peroral application in the GDR, whose active
      agents contain N,N-dialkylamino groups in their chemical structures, have been
      investigated under simulated conditions of the human stomach. With the drugs
      containing aminophenazone, amitriptyline, doxycycline and oxytetracycline as
      active agents N-nitrosodimethylamine is formed as a result of nitrosation
      reactions. With the drugs containing clomiphene++, disulfiram, probenecid and a
      diethylamine-containing liquid hypnoticum, there occurred N-nitrosodiethylamine.
      In no case N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine or N-nitrosopiperidine were detectable. The
      isolated active agents amitriptyline, clomiphene++ and probenecid themselves
      proved not to be nitrosatable. The positive findings with these drugs were caused
      by not yet identified nitrosatable contaminants of these drugs. The quantitative
      determination of volatile N-nitroso compounds was done upon steam distillation by
      means of gas chromatograph and chemiluminescence detector.

PMID- 4062493
TI  - [Findings in piglets after combined application of hyperthermia and irradiation].
AB  - In a pilot study, 8 shoats of the "Edelschwein" breed were submitted to a
      combined treatment with hyperthermia (5 X 60 min; 42 degrees C in the thoracic
      region) followed by irradiation of the right lung (5 X 4 Gy). Heating was
      performed using an applicator of the Selectotherm equipment working at 27 MHz
      with a power output of 1.5 to 8.0 kW; the irradiation was done with the
      telecobalt machine Chisobalt. Radiologic checks of the thoracic organs and
      laboratory diagnostics provided useful data as to the temporal course of the
      radiogenic pulmonary affections and the tolerability of fractionated whole-body
      hyperthermia including superimposed local heating on shoats. Histologic
      examinations of sections of heated and irradiated (right) as compared to
      exclusively heated (left) lung lobes of 4 animals suggested that hyperthermia
      exerted a radiosensitizing effect on the right lungs. Histologically confirmed
      irreversible lung fibrosis occurred there after exposure to even lower total
      doses following hyperthermia as compared to sole irradiation.

PMID- 4062494
TI  - [Cryotherapy of vulvar precancerous conditions--results of 12 years' treatment].
AB  - The recommendations for therapy of the facultative and obligate precancerous
      diseases of the vulva contain a lot of measurements extending from a local
      conservative treatment to the vulvectomy designated by a very different share of
      recurrences. With regard to the sure analgetic and controllable cell destroying
      effects of the coldness we cryosurgically treated 32 patients suffering from a
      kraurosis and 3 women with a histological secured Bowen's disease at the
      Department of Gynecology of the Medical Academy of Erfurt from 1971 to 1982. The
      present outcome proves this measurement being a very successful method but not
      always without recurrence. Therefore we consider cryosurgery as a real enrichment
      in conventional treatment of the precancerous diseases of the vulva but this
      measure can not be taken for the method of choice.

PMID- 4062495
TI  - [Juvenile neoplasms according to their histologic types in East Germany].
AB  - In the GDR from 1973 to 1977, 2099 neoplasms were reported in children under 15
      years of age. Cases are tabulated by age, sex and histologic type and the
      corresponding incidence rates are shown. The frequency of specific histologic
      types are contrasted for adults and children. In addition sex- and age-specific
      differences in the incidence of various tumor groups are presented.

PMID- 4062496
TI  - Clinical relevance of steroid hormone receptors.
AB  - Clinical parameters were reviewed by which it could be possible to predict a
      therapeutic success by an endocrine manipulation in breast cancer patients.
      During the last two decades this spectrum was supplied by determination of
      steroid hormone receptor binding ability of the tumour tissue. In the past there
      were given many reports representing high scattering results referring the
      predictive value of steroid receptor determinations. In our experience 60% of
      estradiol receptor positive and 42% of estradiol receptor negative patients with
      disseminated breast cancer benefited from therapy with tamoxifen or
      ethinylestradiol sulfonate with complete and partial remission or subjective
      clinical improvement. Clinical facts were discussed which could be responsible
      for unsatisfying results of therapy prediction on basis of receptor
      determinations, as well as hints from clinical points of view which confirm that
      sometimes endocrine treatment should be applied although the tumour shows a
      receptor negative status.

PMID- 4062497
TI  - [Thoughts on the subject and tasks of medical philosophy].

PMID- 4062498
TI  - [The art of medicine and the art of thinking].

PMID- 4062499
TI  - Three-dimensional organization of lymphatics and their relationship to blood
      vessels in rabbit small intestine. A scanning electron microscopic study of
      corrosion casts.
AB  - Casts of small intestinal blood vessels and lymphatics in the rabbit were made
      with methacrylate and observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In
      casting the lymphatics, a specially diluted low viscosity medium was injected
      intraparenchymally into the intestinal submucosa. This parenchymal injection
      allowed good reproduction of fine lymphatics, including the initial lacteals in
      the villi. The central lacteals were completely surrounded externally by the
      subepithelial blood capillary networks of the intestinal villi. Individual villi
      in the lower intestine contained only one central lacteal that drained through a
      thin lymphatic in the glandular layer into the submucosal lymphatic plexus. Villi
      in the upper small intestine were broader than those in the lower small
      intestine, and contained two to five lacteals. They anastomosed with each other
      at the villous base and formed a markedly expanded sinus. The cast submucosal
      lymphatics frequently showed constrictions strongly suggestive of valves. It was
      constantly observed that well-developed lymphatics in the submucosa ran in pairs
      and held an arteriole or artery between them. This close association of the
      lymphatics with arteries suggests that arterial vasomotion might provide an
      important hydrodynamic energy source for lymph formation and transport.

PMID- 4062500
TI  - Phagocytosis of spermatozoa and latex beads by epithelial cells of the ampulla
      vasis deferentis of the rabbit: a combined SEM and TEM study.
AB  - The fine structure in the ampullary region of the vas deferens of the rabbit was
      observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, with emphasis on the
      occurrence of epithelial spermiophagy. The epithelial cells were cuboidal or low
      columnar and contained moderately developed organelles. These cells, like luminal
      macrophages, were found to be not only involved in spermiophagy but also capable
      of actively taking up latex beads administrated intraluminally. Taking into
      consideration the previous findings in some other species, the epithelial
      spermiophagy seems to be a common event in the vas deferens of mammals.

PMID- 4062501
TI  - Labyrinthine structure of arterial terminals in the human spleen, with special
      reference to "closed circulation." A scanning electron microscope study.
AB  - Spleens of normal structure were obtained in surgery on nine patients with
      gastric cancer. The freeze-cracked surfaces of the organ as well as the vascular
      casts of methacrylate resin were examined by scanning electron microscopy.
      Penicillar arteries were confirmed to terminate in the cords of Billroth,
      representing the open circulation. Labyrinthine channels of arterial capillaries
      were found in restricted regions in the red pulp neighboring pulp arteries and
      veins. They characteristically possessed in their lumen spanning trabecullae
      covered with endothelial cells. In some places, the flat endothelium of a channel
      continued to the lattice-like endothelium of a thin sinus, representing closed
      circulation. The occurrence and distribution of the arteriolar labyrinths were
      confirmed by SEM observation of the vascular casts. Their continuation to the
      thin sinuses was also demonstrated in the casts. The present study evidences that
      in the human spleen, specialized arteriolar terminals provide a closed
      circulation route in restricted regions, besides the hitherto known, predominant
      route of open circulation.

PMID- 4062502
TI  - Three-dimensional profile of three types of spermatogonia and their topographies
      in adolescent or adult rats.
AB  - Stereomorphic profiles of three types of spermatogonia and their topographical
      distribution in the basal portion of the seminiferous epithelium of adolescent or
      adult rats were studied mainly with the scanning electron microscope. According
      to their cytological features, three types of spermatogonia (large-sized and long
      fusiform or polygonal; medium-sized and elliptical; small-sized and round) were
      discerned in both groups of rats. The basal areas of the three spermatogonia were
      relatively smaller in the adolescent rats than in the adult rats. The type of
      spermatogonia in the adolescent rats varied somewhat depending upon the diameter
      of the seminiferous tubules, but such a discrimination could not be made in the
      adult rats. In the adolescent rats, small cells were less frequently observed
      than large and medium cells. This ratio of appearance was less marked in the
      adult rats. Clones from the same spermatogonial cells showed similar topography
      in both groups of rats as follows. The clones of a few medium cells were arranged
      singularly(As) or in pairs (Apr), but the clones of most medium cells appeared to
      form single cords (Aal) through intercellular bridges, while those of the small
      cells formed an open polygonal network as a large syncytium.

PMID- 4062503
TI  - Fine structural and cytochemical aspects of granuloma formation derived from
      Kupffer cells in mice injected with latex particles.
AB  - The fate of Kupffer cells in mice for 3 days following injection with polystyrene
      latex particles (0.2 and 2.0 micron in diameter) was studied by electron
      microscopy. Kupffer cells took up the latex particles by pinocytosis as well as
      by phagocytosis. The particles ingested were in contact or fused with lysosomes
      in the cell. Two days after the final injection, most Kupffer cells were already
      stuffed with the particles. Within one month, cell clumps or cell aggregates,
      which could be called granuloma, were formed in the liver connective tissue
      space, i.e., Disse spaces, interlobular connective tissue spaces and
      subperitoneal connective tissue spaces. They were mostly composed of cells laden
      with numerous latex particles. The large granulomas were 80-120 micron in
      diameter. In each granuloma, endogenous peroxidase was localized in the cisternae
      of the nuclear envelope and of the rough endoplasmic reticulum of most cells, and
      in the cytoplasmic granules of some other cells. The former is known to be a
      Kupffer cell, and the latter, a monocyte. The granuloma further contained a few
      intermediate cells, showing peroxidase activity in the cisternae of the nuclear
      envelope and of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and also in the cytoplasmic
      granules, phagocytic cells without peroxidase activity, granulocytes, and plasma
      cells. Hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, attenuated in shape, also took up
      latex particles of a 0.2 micron diameter and rarely with a 2.0 micron diameter in
      their cytoplasm. Some Kupffer cells in the granuloma filled with numerous latex
      particles were labeled with 3H-thymidine (2.5 mCi in total dose) after
      subcutaneous injection ten times for 80 hr. In the animals 8 months after the
      injection of the latex particles, numerous large granulomas were distributed
      throughout the liver in the interlobular or subperitoneal connective tissue
      space. The formation of the granuloma of Kupffer cells is considered to play a
      great role in the disposing of foreign materials from the functional liver
      parenchymatous tissue.

PMID- 4062504
TI  - Electron microscopic observations of surface mucous cells in the mouse gastric
      mucosa during physiological degeneration and extrusion.
AB  - The gastric mucosa of adult mice was observed by electron microscopy, and the
      following findings were obtained. Surface mucous cells mostly undergo
      degeneration in situ before extrusion from the mucosal surface. Degenerating
      cells exhibit low electron density of the cytoplasmic matrix and interchromatin
      region of the nucleus. Some vacuoles can be seen in the cytoplasm. The rough
      endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex retain their normal configurations.
      Mitochondria are condensed. Lysosomes increase in number, and acid phosphatase
      activity is restricted within them. Massive exocytotic release of mucus is seen
      at the cell apex. The basolateral plasmalemma seems intact until the latest stage
      of extrusion. At the tight and gap junctions, the outer leaflets of apposing
      plasmalemmas remain fused. On the other hand, microfilaments and tonofilaments
      are dissociated from the intermediate junctions and desmosomes, respectively,
      during degeneration. Massive discharge of mucus and well preserved basolateral
      plasmalemma of the degenerating cell may restrict the back-diffusion of gastric
      juice into the mucosa to a minimum level during the degeneration and extrusion
      processes.

PMID- 4062505
TI  - Morphology and ultrastructure of bacteriophages. An electron microscopic study.

PMID- 4062506
TI  - Local renal graft versus host reaction across H-Y barrier.
AB  - Local renal graft versus host reaction measured by the kidney enlargement index
      can be applied to study the H-Y transplantation antigen in mice. In
      cyclophosphamide-treated C57BL males this test has appeared sensitive enough to
      discriminate between the reactivity of spleen cells from normal, hyperimmune, and
      tolerant syngeneic females.

PMID- 4062507
TI  - Phospholipids and cholesterol in the liver mitochondrial fraction in mice with
      transplantable leukemia P 388.
AB  - BDF1 hybrid mice, were given 10(4) lymphatic leukemia cells P 388
      intraperitoneally. They were killed on 5th day and 11th day of the experiment. In
      the plasma the level of cholesterol was determined. Inner organs, i.e. liver,
      spleen, lymph nodes and thymus were verified histopathologically. Mitochondrial
      fraction lipids were extracted from liver and separated by thin layer
      chromatography. It was proved that the amount of mitochondrial fraction lipids of
      leukemic mice was considerably higher than in healthy mice and it increased
      together with the process of the neoplasma. In the group of leukemic animals the
      level of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, cholesterol and
      sphingomyelin increased in comparison with healthy mice. The results concerning
      phospholipids and cholesterol level in leukemic animals were interpreted in the
      aspect of the interaction of these compounds with vitamin E, polyunsaturated
      fatty acids and free radicals.

PMID- 4062508
TI  - Study on the complement-dependent cytotoxic effect of the sera of hamsters
      bearing transplanted melanoma.
AB  - Complement-dependent cytotoxic effect of the sera of hamsters bearing
      transplanted melanomas: melanotic and amelanotic, was examined in relation to
      isolated melanocytes of these melanomas. A specific, cytotoxic effect, ranging 34
      47% of the sera of hamsters with both types of melanomas in relation to the cells
      of these tumors was found. No relationship between the biological properties of
      melanoma and cytotoxic activity of serum was noted.

PMID- 4062509
TI  - Polymorphism of C3 component of complement in the Polish population. II. Rare
      phenotypes in C3 system.
AB  - In a sample of the Polish population including 4741 adults, 15 phenotype variants
      were found in 22 of them. These variants are determined by 12 rare alleles of the
      mean frequency 0.0023. Family studies of several probands with C3 phenotype
      variants have confirmed their genetic determination. They have been observed to
      be heterozygotes in which beside one common gene, rare codominant alleles are
      situated. Studies on polymorphism of C3 component carried out on numerous
      populations, allowed the discovery of new phenotype variants within the C3 group
      system. Family studies have confirmed their hereditary character and that they
      are determined by the alleles codominant in relation to the commonly occurring
      C3S and C3F. The paper presents the results of studies on the rare C3 phenotype
      variants encountered in the Polish population.

PMID- 4062510
TI  - Activity of erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase in the Polish population.
AB  - Alanine aminotransferase activities were tested in erythrocytes of Polish
      population sample of 213 adults (105 women and 108 men) and 95 children (aging 6
      months to 4 years). In the tests a modified method of Wroblewski and Cabaud was
      used. A significant scatter of enzyme activities was noted, which ranged in
      adults between 0.76 and 36.86 mU/ml. In all studied groups, GPT 1 type
      individuals showed the highest and GPT 2 type donors the lowest activity of the
      enzyme. Mean activity of GPT 1 type adults was 19.27 mU/ml, in GPT 2-1 adults
      13.6 mU/ml and in GPT 2 adults 8.87 mU/ml. GPT 2 type activity corresponds to
      approximately 46% and GPT 2-1 type activity to, approximately, 71% activity of
      GPT 1 type. Independently of GPT type, activity of the enzyme was lower in women
      in whom it amounted to 71-83% activity detected in men. In children, alanine
      aminotransferase activity was higher than in adults about 15-29%.

PMID- 4062511
TI  - Formation of hemopoietic-fibroblastoid "flower" colonies by human marrow cells in
      vitro. Preliminary report.
AB  - Marrow cells from 6 patients when cultured in vitro formed macroscopic colonies
      (0.3-0.8 mm in diameter, 10-28 colonies/10(6) cells) composed of germinal center
      and peripheral zone, what gave them characteristic "flower" appearance. Germinal
      center was composed of cells belonging to hemopoietic lineage including
      lymphocyte-like monocyte-like cells, granulocytes, megakaryoblasts and
      normoblasts. Peripheral zone was formed by fibroblastoid cells that sometimes
      contained hemopoietic cells e.g. granulocytes within their cytoplasm. Colonies
      could be distinguished beginning from day 1 or 2 of culture and by 10 days are
      composed of at least several thousand cells. The significance of these phenomena
      is discussed.

PMID- 4062512
TI  - Evaluation of immunity of sheep after splenectomy, splenic artery ligation and
      autotransplantation of splenic tissue.
AB  - The studies aiming at evaluation of immunity after splenectomy, splenic artery
      ligation, and autotransplantation of splenic tissue were performed in sheep. It
      was found that splenectomy alters both humoral and cellular immunity. The
      phagocytic activity of granulocytes, reduced level of IgG, drop in T and ARF
      cells as well as bone marrow stimulation were noted. In animals subjected to
      splenic artery ligation or autotransplantation of splenic tissue no significant
      differences in parameters studied were observed. These results correlated with
      histological examinations indicate that in the case of spleen trauma two
      important steps should be followed: the spleen, if possible, should be saved or a
      spleen saving procedure should be employed; in case of extensive trauma or if
      contraindications for spleen saving exist, autotransplantation of splenic tissue
      should be performed.

PMID- 4062513
TI  - Influence of anatomic localization and extent of surgical trauma on immune
      responses in mice.
AB  - The humoral immune response to SRBC and contact sensitivity (CS) reaction to
      picryl chloride and oxazolone was studied in traumatized mice (laparotomy,
      gastrectomy, leg amputation). While depression of CS was observed after leg
      amputation and gastrectomy, laparotomy had no effect. On the other hand,
      laparotomy and gastrectomy evoked stimulation of anti-SRBC antibody production,
      whereas leg amputation significantly reduced the humoral response. Results are
      discussed in relation to postulated role of trauma in the modulation of immune
      response regarding the anatomic localization and extent of surgical procedure.

PMID- 4062514
TI  - Circulating immune complexes in children suffering from rheumatic fever and
      juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The investigation on the occurrence of immunological complexes in 20 children
      with rheumatic fever (RF) and 15 suffering from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
      (JRA) were carried out. A group of 15 healthy children served as control. The
      presence of circulating immune complexes was found in 10 out of 20 children with
      acute RF and in 12 out of 15 children with JRA. The investigation of immune
      complexes in the third and sixth week of treatment showed decreasing
      concentration of proteins determined by PEG precipitation method.

PMID- 4062516
TI  - Biomechanical aspects of the development of aseptic necrosis of the femoral head.
AB  - With the advancement of computer technology it has been possible to determine
      stress distribution in bone by the finite-element method (FEM), for a
      pathomechanical analysis of aseptic necrosis of the femoral head. Development of
      aseptic necrosis of the femoral head has been considered to be coincident with
      ischemic changes in the bone. However, the area of necrosis in the femoral head
      does not correspond to vascular distribution. We speculated that not only
      biological, but also biomechanical factors might play an important role in the
      development of femoral head necrosis. A two-dimensional finite-element model,
      with 801 elements and 454 nodes, was constructed to mimic the hip joint.
      Conditions for the disease were simulated on the assumption that concentrated
      areas of high stress cause changes in the biomechanical properties of bone,
      according to Wolff's law, such as necrosis or sclerosis. Results of the
      simulation correlated well with clinical findings. Biomechanical factors should
      be considered, not only to prevent the collapse of bone structure but also to
      limit the spread of bone necrosis in the early phase of the disease.

PMID- 4062515
TI  - Medial and lateral gonarthrosis treated with high tibial osteotomy. A prospective
      study.
AB  - A prospective series comprising 52 knees in 48 patients suffering from medial or
      lateral unicompartmental gonarthrosis and treated by means of high tibial
      osteotomy shows, by comparing mechanical axis (MA) 0 degrees corrected knees, how
      important is the overcorrection of the MA into valgus in medial osteoarthritis.
      The clinical results were significantly correlated to overcorrection, the results
      2 years postoperatively being better than those obtained at a follow-up 1 year
      after the operation. Of the results, 82% were good within a limit of +/- 3
      degrees after 2 years, while only 77% were correspondingly good 1 year
      postoperatively. In lateral gonarthrosis overcorrection was not as good, but
      there was a mean overcorrection of +2 degrees, and with respect to this
      overcorrection, the results were quite acceptable. The results were directly
      correlated to the opening up of the joint space affected (80%) and diminution or
      disappearance of subluxation, 1/3 being 0 degrees preoperatively, 1/2
      postoperatively in medial gonarthrosis. In lateral gonarthrosis, subluxation was
      increased, with 2/3 being 0 degrees preoperatively, 1/3 being 0 degrees
      postoperatively. The extension deficit in varus knees significantly diminished
      after valgus osteotomy; the change in valgus knees was also evident but not
      significant. The mean value of extension deficit was below 5 degrees in all cases
      at the 2 years' follow-up examination. However, 95% of all patients showed good
      or fair results after a follow-up period of 2 years.

PMID- 4062517
TI  - Anatomico-radiological study of an ununited intracapsular fracture of the femoral
      neck dating back 47 years. Data relevant to osteoarthritis, bone infarct, and
      Paget's disease of the bone.
AB  - This is the anatomico-radiological study of a 47-year-old ununited intracapsular
      fracture of the hip. The femoral head was osteoporotic but its center contained a
      zone of osteomedullary necrosis in the form of a bone infarct. Its contour was
      reshaped and remnants of articular cartilage were covered by osteophyte-like bone
      formations; furthermore, an acetabular osteophyte was observed. Histological
      signs of Paget's disease of the bone were observed in the medial part of the
      femoral stump. The findings in this case provide the basis for a discussion of
      the pathogenesis of osteophytes in osteoarthritis, the pathogenesis of bone
      infarcts (and the distinction between this condition and another form of aseptic
      osteonecrosis), and the role of mechanical stresses in the development of Paget's
      disease of the bone.

PMID- 4062518
TI  - Healing of stable and unstable osteotomies in rats.
AB  - In two groups of rats a partial, transverse osteotomy at the mid-shaft of the
      femur was made. The osteotomy was manually broken in one of the groups after the
      operation. The healing process of the osteotomies was evaluated at 15, 30, 60,
      and 90 days following operation. The unstable osteotomies healed by the formation
      of external callus, in contrast to the stable osteotomies, which healed by so
      called primary bone union. At 90 days the bending moment and rigidity of the
      instable osteotomies were regained as compared to the intact right femurs. The
      stable osteotomies were only 67% as strong as the intact bones (P less than
      0.01). The bending rigidity of the stable osteotomies was equal to that of the
      intact bones during the experimental period. It is concluded that instability at
      the fracture site is conducive to fast healing.

PMID- 4062519
TI  - Chondromalacia patellae. Results of operative treatment.
AB  - The series consisted of 26 patients operated on in 1972-1978 for chondromalacia
      patellae. The patients were followed up an average of 4.6 years after the
      operation. The operation involved one knee in 21 patients, both knees in 5. The
      primary operation was carried out for lesions of the articular cartilage of the
      patella alone in 18 cases (in 6 of these a second operation was necessary) and
      for a biomechanical disturbance of the patellofemoral joint in 13 cases.
      Degenerative changes of the patellar cartilage were observed at anatomo
      pathological examination in 29 of 31 knees. On average, the patients' symptoms
      were alleviated after the operation, but comparison of different types of
      operation showed a statistically significant improvement only after operations
      that modified the biomechanics. The results confirm the view that symptoms
      originating in the patellofemoral joint often are due to biomechanical
      disturbances of this joint and the extensor system of the knee, and that the
      removal of injured cartilage alone is not sufficient.

PMID- 4062520
TI  - External fixation of the leg using unilateral biplanar frames.
AB  - A simple and reliable method is described for testing the stability of external
      fixators under stresses similar to those found in clinical practice. Unilateral
      uniplanar, unilateral biplanar, and bilateral uniplanar frames were used. It
      seemed important to measure deformations under bending stresses in different
      planes, because we have found a variable rigidity in some of the frames in the
      different planes. Our results show that a unilateral biplanar frame without
      transfixation pins can be set up with an overall rigidity as good as that of a
      bilateral frame. Using this on the leg, one can avoid putting pins through the
      anterolateral compartment.

PMID- 4062521
TI  - Unusual fracture dislocation of the elbow joint.
AB  - A rare case of posterior dislocation of the elbow joint with an avulsion fracture
      of the medial humeral epicondyle and fracture of the capitulum humeri is
      presented. Closed reduction was insufficient. Excision of the comminuted segments
      of the fractured capitulum was imperative to allow an optimal return of elbow
      function.

PMID- 4062522
TI  - Massive callus formation after distal femoral fracture in association with
      trisomy 2.
AB  - Massive callus formation in a distal femoral metaphyseal fracture of a trisomy-2
      patient is reported. The child was neurologically severely handicapped. The
      possible pathomechanics of the callus formation is discussed.

PMID- 4062523
TI  - A case of bone fluorosis of undetermined origin.
AB  - After predominant theories on the causes of fluorosis are described and remarks
      made about the metabolism of fluoride, an observation of bone fluorosis in a 64
      year-old patient is reported. Because, despite painstaking research, none of the
      known causes of bone fluorosis could be found in our patient, a new
      pathomechanism is being offered for discussion, i.e., increased renal or
      intestinal absorption or an increase of fluoride deposited in the bone; i.e., an
      inborn or acquired error of fluoride metabolism. We recently observed a similar
      case with none of the well-known origins.

PMID- 4062524
TI  - Serotonin-induced contractile and structural changes in fast and slow skeletal
      muscles in mice.
AB  - The effects of serotonin on the contractile properties of the soleus and extensor
      digitorum longus muscles in mice were studied after chronic intraperitoneal
      administration with and without a recovery period, and compared to contractile
      studies of the same muscles performed after acute administration of serotonin. A
      curarized in vitro preparation of both muscles was used throughout for the
      contractile studies. In addition, structural changes were studied in the chronic
      preparations. Chronic serotonin administration produced histologic changes in
      type 1 and 2A fibers and a reduction in twitch and tetanic tension and the rate
      of twitch and tetanic tension development limited to the slow (aerobic) soleus
      muscle. Acute in vitro administration of serotonin altered the contractile
      properties of both soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles with the latter
      being more involved. The effects of chronic serotonin administration appear to be
      primarily related to ischemia while the effects of acute administration appear to
      be mediated by direct, nonvascular action on skeletal muscle.

PMID- 4062525
TI  - Ground reaction forces and center of pressure patterns in the gait of children
      with amputation: preliminary report.
AB  - Ground reaction forces and center of pressure (CP) were studied during gait in
      children with unilateral lower extremity amputations. Five children, three with
      knee disarticulations and two with above-knee amputations, walked at slow,
      normal, and fast speeds, while wearing a conventional SACH prosthetic foot and
      again, while wearing an experimental CAPP prosthetic foot. Fore-aft (F-A) and
      vertical force (VF) components and CP patterns were examined for a total of 90
      trials. Walking speed had a significant effect on both F-A and VF amplitudes. No
      differences, however, were found between the force amplitudes of the SACH foot
      and CAPP foot. Significant asymmetries were found in the force and amplitudes of
      a child's natural limb versus the prosthetic limb; the retarding and propelling F
      A forces in the prosthetic limb were significantly less than the corresponding
      forces in a child's natural limb. The CP patterns during stance phase were
      markedly different for a child's natural limb, prosthetic limb with the SACH
      foot, and prosthetic limb with the CAPP foot. With the CAPP foot, the CP remained
      in the forefoot region during stance. In contrast with the CAPP foot, the SACH
      foot had a potential for producing a flexor moment at the knee joint at the
      initiation of the foot-ground contact. Stability in the prosthetic knee was
      enhanced when the children wore a CAPP prosthetic foot.

PMID- 4062526
TI  - Prosthetic rehabilitation of geriatric amputee patients: a follow-up study.
AB  - During a four-year period, 116 lower extremity amputee patients older than 65
      years were evaluated and treated by our department. Fifty-nine patients with
      below-knee (BK) amputations, 22 with above-knee (AK) amputations, and 15 with
      bilateral amputations were fitted with prostheses and trained in their use. A
      follow-up study on all patients was done at an average of 22 months after they
      had completed their training program but not earlier than after 6 months. Of all
      BK amputees who had been fitted with a prosthesis, 73% were using it fulltime and
      as their main mode of locomotion; 25% were using it part of the time. The results
      were less favorable for AK and for bilateral amputee patients: 50% of AK amputees
      and 33% of the bilateral amputees had become fulltime users of their prostheses.
      Age alone was not a major determining factor in success or failure of prosthetic
      rehabilitation. Failures usually were due to concurrent medical disease or mental
      deterioration. The study indicates that the effort and expense of fitting and
      training geriatric patients with prostheses may be well worthwhile.

PMID- 4062527
TI  - Burns: causes and risk factors.
AB  - In a retrospective study of 277 adult patients consecutively hospitalized for
      burns over a five-year period (1975-1979) patients' characteristics,
      circumstances of burn injury and prevalence of established predisposing factors
      were determined. The average age was 44.5 years, 78% were black and 62% were men.
      Average extent of burn was 19.7% body surface area. Major causes included flames
      in 44.8%, scalds in 28.5%, and chemicals in 9.7%. Seventy-four percent of all
      burns occurred at home. Burns resulting from assault accounted for 20.9%. Fifty
      six percent of the patients had one or more of the established predisposing
      factors. Judged to be predisposed to burn injury were all of those who attempted
      suicide, all who were using self-treatment for some preexisting conditions, 85%
      of the elderly, 83% of those who died, 81% of those burned in the bathtub and 80%
      of those assaulted. Other described groups were also at high risk. Living alone
      increased risk of injury in persons prone to burn. The most common predisposing
      factors were alcohol and drug abuse, physical and mental illness and advanced
      age. Mortality rate was 12.6%. This study emphasizes the urgent need for
      effective burn prevention programs in which all health professionals should play
      an important role.

PMID- 4062528
TI  - Synoviorthesis with colloidal 32P chromic phosphate for hemophilic arthropathy:
      clinical follow-up.
AB  - Thirty-one synoviortheses were performed in 22 joints of 14 hemophilic patients
      (aged 12 to 28 years) with chronic synovitis and for whom "conventional
      treatments" were considered ineffective. Except for patients with inhibitors,
      conventional treatments included three to six months of adequate prophylactic
      therapy with the missing coagulation factors, intensive physiotherapy and, when
      indicated, antiinflammatory agents and orthosis. Colloidal 32P chromic phosphate
      was injected intraarticularly in doses of 1.0 mCi for knees and of 0.5 mCi for
      the other joints. Time of follow-up ranged from two to five years. Frequency and
      importance of bleeding decreased in all patients. Effect on range of motion was
      best in knees; six of the seven treated improved and one was unchanged. In
      elbows, flexion-extension was improved in four cases, unchanged in five and
      decreased in one; pronation-supination was decreased in four cases. Range of
      motion was not affected in shoulders and ankles except for internal-external
      rotation which was improved in two of three shoulders treated. The results of 13
      synoviortheses in four hemophilic patients with high titer factor VIII inhibitors
      were comparable to those in hemophiliacs with no inhibitors. However, in three of
      the four patients synoviorthesis had to be repeated after two to four years for
      recurrence of synovitis. Extraarticular escape of radioactivity was monitored 62
      times for 17 synoviortheses in 12 patients; extraarticular counts never exceeded
      4% of the intraarticular counts. Chromosome aberrations were found not to be
      increased after treatment in the seven patients in whom adequate analysis could
      be done.

PMID- 4062529
TI  - Heart rate response to facial immersion and apnea in quadriplegia.
AB  - Profound bradycardia is a common complication in the early posttraumatic period
      following cervical spinal cord damage. It is thought to be due to temporary
      inactivity of the sympathetic nervous system after separation from supraspinal
      control, coupled with unopposed parasympathetic dominance because of vagus nerve
      sparing. Hypoxia, underventilation, and tracheal suctioning appear to intensify
      the bradycardia. This study examined the effect of vagal stimulation using facial
      immersion and apnea on heart rate in patients with quadriplegia. Ten patients
      with quadriplegia (eight males and two females, mean age 25, age range 16-37) and
      ten healthy controls (eight males and two females, mean age 25, age range 15-37)
      underwent facial immersion during ECG monitoring. The patients with quadriplegia
      were studied at a mean of 9.4 months after injury (range, 4-26 months); cord
      level of injury ranged from C5 to C8; seven of the ten had had heart rates of
      less than 50 beats/min in the early period after injury and five of the ten had
      received treatment for this. No change in heart rate was seen in the quadriplegic
      group during facial immersion (delta = 1.5 +/- 2.7 beats/min, mean +/- SE), but a
      significant drop in heart rate was seen in the control group (delta = -12.2 +/-
      3.7 beats/min, mean +/- SE; p less than 0.01). No significant decreases were seen
      in either group during apnea alone. Patients with chronic quadriplegia appear to
      have less sensitivity than controls to the vagal-stimulating maneuver of facial
      immersion and apnea.

PMID- 4062530
TI  - Chronic pain in spinal cord injury: comparison between inpatients and
      outpatients.
AB  - Chronic pain is a common clinical finding in spinal cord injury (SCI), with a
      reported incidence of between 45% and 90%. This figure was obtained by using
      nonstandardized pain evaluation and for mostly inpatient populations. Because of
      the shortcomings of previous investigations and the wide range of reported
      incidence, a study was conducted using self-rating pain measurement, an activity
      check list, and a drug-use rating scale. Pain in 40 hospitalized SCI patients (19
      quadriplegics and 21 paraplegics) was evaluated according to the self-rating pain
      scale and for physical activities. The medical record of each of these patients
      was then reviewed to evaluate use of pain medications. Using the same method, 24
      outpatients (12 with quadriplegia and 12 with paraplegia) in the Hospital Based
      Home Care Program were studied. Statistical analysis showed an incidence of
      chronic pain and decreased activity of 60% among inpatients and of 16.6% in
      outpatients. The drug-use rating scale was also significantly higher among
      inpatients while outpatients had a higher level of physical activity than
      inpatients. Whether these differences are causally related to the patient's
      hospitalization is difficult to determine.

PMID- 4062531
TI  - Rehabilitation in lithium toxicity: case report.
AB  - Lithium toxicity can produce persistent and possibly permanent neurologic damage
      involving multiple areas of the nervous system, often including the cerebellum.
      Such cases, though rare, may continue to occur since lithium salts are widely
      used. In this report we describe the neurologic presentation, rehabilitation
      management, and outcome of treatment in such a patient. Her persistent neurologic
      syndrome was dominated by features of cerebellar dysfunction. Deficits in speech,
      swallowing, activities of daily living, transfers, and ambulation were identified
      and a rehabilitation program was implemented. Therapeutic rehabilitative
      techniques focused on compensatory mechanisms for ataxia and incoordination.
      Though her basic neurologic status did not change substantially, she did respond
      well to rehabilitative measures with significant functional gains and the patient
      was returned to her prior living arrangement.

PMID- 4062532
TI  - Ulnar neuropathy at the wrist: case report and review of literature.
AB  - We present a case of pure motor ulnar neuropathy with sparing of the hypothenar
      muscles and a review of 55 published cases of ulnar neuropathy at the wrist in
      which the clinicoanatomic correlation was clearly delineated. We propose a
      classification of ulnar neuropathies at the wrist divided into five types based
      on clinical findings, electrophysiologic studies, and clinicoanatomic
      correlations. Type I: a mixed motor and sensory neuropathy, occurring just
      outside or within the proximal end of Guyon's canal. II: a pure sensory
      neuropathy, where the lesion involves the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve
      (UN) at the wrist but distal to the branch to the m. palmaris brevis. III: a pure
      motor neuropathy due to a lesion of the deep branch of the UN just distal to the
      superficial branch but proximal to the branch to the hypothenars. IV: a pure
      motor ulnar neuropathy with sparing of hypothenars; this lesion occurs on the
      deep branch of the UN distal to the origin of the superficial branch and distal
      to the branch going to the hypothenars. V: a distal motor neuropathy in which the
      lesion occurs just proximal to the branches going to the first dorsal interosseus
      and adductor pollicis muscles.

PMID- 4062533
TI  - Terminal sensory branches of the superficial peroneal nerve: an entrapment
      syndrome.
AB  - This report describes an entrapment syndrome of the superficial peroneal nerve
      terminal sensory branches. Two patients presented with numbness and tingling of
      the foot dorsum. These symptoms increased with activity such as walking, running,
      and squatting. The signs were 1) a decrease in sensation to light touch and pin
      prick on the foot dorsum over the cutaneous distribution of the nerve with
      sparing of the first web space; 2) a soft tissue bulge over the anterolateral
      aspect of the leg approximately 10 cm above the lateral malleolus; 3) a Tinel
      sign over the bulge; 4) an increase in the size of the bulge either with resisted
      ankle dorsiflexion or weight bearing; and 5) tenderness over the bulge or
      distally over the terminal sensory branches of the superficial peroneal nerve.
      Electrodiagnostic studies revealed an unrecordable evoked response or a prolonged
      distal latency of the terminal sensory branches of the superficial peroneal
      nerve. Treatment consisted of surgical decompression of the nerve at the bulge by
      fasciotomy. Patients responded with complete symptomatic relief. To provide
      accurate treatment, the diagnosis of entrapment syndrome of the superficial
      peroneal nerve terminal sensory branches must be differentiated from other causes
      of pain and numbness in the ankle area.

PMID- 4062534
TI  - Compounding the challenge for PM&R in the 1990's.

PMID- 4062535
TI  - Lumbar extension in DMD.

PMID- 4062536
TI  - Relationships among sexual behavior, hot flashes, and hormone levels in
      perimenopausal women.
AB  - Forty-three perimenopausal women kept daily records of menstrual cycles and
      sexual activity. Data on hot flashes and plasma estradiol and testosterone levels
      were obtained at two points during the menopausal transition. The prospective
      data yielded a significant negative association between hot flash ratings and
      regularity of sexual intercourse at both time points. A significant negative
      correlation was found between estradiol (in the early part of the cycle) and hot
      flashes ratings at the first data point only, and positive correlations were
      found between hot flashes and ratio of testosterone to estradiol (T/E) at both.
      Frequency of sexual intercourse and level of plasma estradiol were higher, and
      T/E and hot flash ratings were lower in "early" perimenopausal women who were
      still having cycles at least once every 30 days, as compared with "late"
      perimenopausal women who were cycling less often. It was concluded that a close
      association exists between increasing irregularity of menstrual cycles, hot
      flashes, declining estradiol levels, and declining frequency of intercourse
      during the perimenopause. Causal relationships remain to be established.

PMID- 4062537
TI  - Sexual exclusivity versus openness in gay male couples.
AB  - Forty gay male couples participated in a questionnaire study comparing
      relationships that partners agreed were sexually open (N = 23) and relationships
      that partners agreed were sexually closed (N = 17). No significant differences
      were found in the quality of open versus closed relationships. Almost all men
      (93%) said they were in love with their partner. On scales assessing degree of
      love and liking for the partner, men in open and closed relationships were
      indistinguishable. Nor did the two types of relationships differ in measures of
      satisfaction and commitment. It appears that sexually open and closed
      relationships can be equally satisfying. It has been suggested that gay male
      relationships typically go through predictable stages in which an initial
      "honeymoon" of sexual exclusivity is inevitably followed by a change to openness.
      Only 20% of our couples followed this pattern, however. The remaining 80% showed
      diverse patterns such as continued exclusivity throughout the relationship or a
      change from initial openness to sexual exclusivity. Men's reasons for having an
      open or closed relationship were diverse. Personal attitudes and values about the
      merits of exclusivity were an important factor. Men in open relationships also
      emphasized the benefits of sexual variety and personal independence. Men in
      closed relationships stressed their desire to avoid jealousy. Although partners'
      agreements about whether their relationship should be open or closed had a
      significant effect on their actual sexual behavior, some discrepancies were
      found. Most men in closed relationships had had at least one outside sexual
      liaison, although they reported having many fewer sex partners than men in open
      relationships.

PMID- 4062538
TI  - Preadult feminine behaviors of male transvestites.
AB  - Feminine behaviors during the childhood and adolescence of volunteer male
      transvestites who had shown a period of fetishism were investigated. The
      transvestites were categorized into two groups. Twenty who were satisfied with
      cross-dressing were termed nuclear transvestites, and 14 who desired at least a
      partial feminization were termed marginal transvestites. It was found that during
      their preadult years marginal transvestites showed significantly more feminine
      behaviors than nuclear transvestites, and both transvestite groups reported
      significantly more feminine behaviors than "normal" controls.

PMID- 4062539
TI  - The experience of pain during women's first sexual intercourse: cultural
      mythology about female sexual initiation.
AB  - A sample of coitally experienced college females was utilized to explore the
      adequacy of several related beliefs that constitute the cultural mythology of
      female sexual initiation in American society and to identify possible correlates
      of the subjective experience of pain during women's first intercourse. The
      results were that a sizeable minority of the women reported experiencing no pain
      during their first intercourse, that other subjective reactions (pleasure, guilt,
      anxiety) were experienced at least as commonly as pain, and that many women
      acquired considerable noncoital sexual experience prior to their first
      intercourse. The experience of pain during first intercourse was found to be
      related directly to young age, conservative sexual values, an expectation of no
      pain, and negative affect. The report closes with a consideration of future
      research needs and the presentation of a tentative model of first coital pain in
      which noncoital sexual experience and qualities attributed to the male partner
      are projected as indirect influences on first coital pain.

PMID- 4062540
TI  - Orgasm in women in the laboratory--quantitative studies on duration, intensity,
      latency, and vaginal blood flow.
AB  - Sexual arousal by clitoral self-stimulation was used by healthy, young adult
      women volunteers (n = 28) to induce orgasm in the laboratory. The duration of the
      orgasm was obtained using the subject's verbal indication of its start and
      finish. The estimated duration and the subjective experience of the orgasm self
      graded on a 5-point scale were also obtained in a number of subjects. Vaginal
      blood flow was assessed by the power consumption needed to keep a heated oxygen
      electrode, held on the vaginal wall by suction, at a constant temperature. The
      mean measured orgasm duration was 19.9 seconds (SD, +/- 12, n = 26). For 14
      subjects, their estimate of the duration of their orgasms (12.2 +/- 9.8 seconds,
      mean +/- SD) was greatly underestimated compared with the measured duration (26
      +/- 14.6 seconds). This result indicates that data obtained on the duration of
      orgasm from questionnaires or interviews have suspect validity. The measured
      duration of the orgasms was not significantly correlated with the subjective
      grading. The increase in vaginal blood flow at orgasm was not significantly
      correlated with the subjective gradings of orgasm (n = 18), the orgasm latency
      (time taken to induce orgasm, n = 18), or the measured duration of orgasm (n =
      14).

PMID- 4062541
TI  - Attitudes and responses of parents to pre-adolescent masturbation.
AB  - As part of a larger study of parental roles in sex education, a stratified
      probability sample of 1482 parents of three- to eleven-year-old children were
      interviewed about their knowledge, attitudes, and practices with reference to
      "masturbation" on the part of their children. A large majority of parents
      accepted the fact that children did masturbate, a smaller majority agreed that
      masturbation among children was alright, but less than half wanted their children
      as adolescents to have a positive attitude toward masturbation. Identified events
      of masturbation were reported to be more common among boys than girls, with
      mothers reporting higher incidences for both boys and girls than fathers
      reported. Parents with higher levels of education and liberal sexual attitudes
      were more positive on most attitudinal items about masturbation and reported a
      higher incidence of such conduct among their children. Parents who attended
      church more frequently were less likely to report positive views and conduct.
      Parents who reported they had masturbated as children were most likely to report
      positive views and a high incidence of masturbation on the part of their
      children. In general mothers played a more important role than fathers in
      transmitting knowledge and were more liberal in their attitudes. Negative
      information and attitudes toward masturbation remains a common response of
      parents when they are confronted with children's masturbation.

PMID- 4062542
TI  - Acute appendicitis during pregnancy. Diagnosis and management.
AB  - Twelve patients underwent appendectomy during pregnancy or in the puerperium. The
      clinical presentation of acute appendicitis is altered during gestation, and
      diagnosis becomes increasingly difficult when close to term. Abdominal pain,
      nausea, and vomiting are important symptoms. Peritoneal signs occur in the right
      lower quadrant early in pregnancy, but the upper quadrant or entire right side
      are more common locations, as the appendix is displaced upward by the enlarging
      uterus. Delay in treatment is common because of uncertainty in making the
      diagnosis and hesitancy to proceed with surgery. In the group of six patients
      with perforation, there was one maternal death and a loss of three fetuses. There
      were no complications in the absence of perforation. Prompt diagnosis is the
      cornerstone of a good outcome, and early surgical intervention is indicated if
      acute appendicitis is suspected. Pregnancy is not a reason to delay surgery. We
      review the literature on this topic and present and analyze principles of
      management.

PMID- 4062543
TI  - Ischemic colitis following repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.
AB  - Seven patients--six of whom died--underwent surgical repair of a ruptured
      abdominal aortic aneurysm and developed postoperative ischemic colitis. All
      patients were male, with a mean age of 62 years. Resection of the necrotic colon
      with a colostomy was necessary within the first postoperative week for the six
      patients who did not survive and on the 40th postoperative day for the patient
      who lived. The colon is vulnerable to ischemic necrosis after an aortic rupture
      because of tissue hypoperfusion and impaired mesenteric artery circulation due to
      preexistent occlusive disease. In high-risk patients, fiberoptic colonoscopy and
      examination of stool for occult blood, with immediate abdominal exploration, if
      necessary, are important in the early postoperative period. Symptoms may develop
      insidiously when tissue damage is limited to the mucosal layer, but delay in
      resecting the ischemic segment allows for the extension of necrosis, with
      perforation.

PMID- 4062544
TI  - Transvenous catheter pulmonary embolectomy.
AB  - Acute cardiovascular collapse in the hospitalized patient is associated with a
      high mortality rate and remains a therapeutic dilemma. Survival could be improved
      in the subgroup of patients with massive pulmonary thromboembolism if prompt
      surgical intervention is undertaken. This report presents the cases of two
      patients with cardiovascular collapse who survived transvenous catheter pulmonary
      embolectomy (herein described in detail). This procedure can be performed in any
      hospital with angiographic facilities and personnel trained in the technique. In
      our opinion it is the procedure of choice in patients with refractory
      cardiovascular collapse from massive pulmonary thromboembolism.

PMID- 4062545
TI  - Biliary-bronchial fistula after right hepatic lobectomy.
AB  - Biliary-bronchial fistula is an extremely unusual complication of
      thoracoabdominal trauma or suppurative hepatobiliary disease. We treated a
      patient with a biliary-bronchial fistula that developed after right hepatectomy
      for an infected traumatic intrahepatic hematoma. The diagnosis of biliary
      bronchial fistula was confirmed by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography.
      Surgical therapy included a primary transabdominal choledochostomy, with the
      insertion of a T-tube, sphincteroplasty, and open marsupialization of the chronic
      subphrenic abscess.

PMID- 4062546
TI  - Vicryl mesh in pelvic floor reconstruction.
AB  - A new synthetic absorbable mesh made of polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) fiber was used
      to reconstruct the pelvic floor in seven women undergoing pelvic exenteration.
      The technique is described. The follow-up ranged from three to 31 months and no
      patient developed a bowel problem. The material seems to be appropriate for this
      use, is completely absorbed, and acts as a latticework for the deposition of
      granulation tissue. The technique can be applied in patients requiring pelvic
      irradiation following surgery for malignant neoplasms of the gastrointestinal or
      genitourinary tracts. The small bowel is effectively held out of the pelvis and
      the radiation field, and is spared the effects of the radiation beam.

PMID- 4062547
TI  - A technique for postembolectomy streptokinase infusion.
AB  - Despite successful arterial thromboembolectomy, some extremities may have
      progressive ischemic necrosis due to persistent arterial occlusion. Streptokinase
      infusion can be valuable in this situation. We have developed a clinically
      applicable technique that is of value in lysing residual thrombi.

PMID- 4062548
TI  - Epigastric hernia with intestinal obstruction: an unusual complication of a
      transmesenteric hernia.

PMID- 4062549
TI  - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran
      (TCDF) in pregnant C57BL/6N mice: distribution to the embryo and excretion.
AB  - The distribution and excretion of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and
      2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzofuran (TCDF) were studied in pregnant C57BL/6N mice
      following an oral dose of 30 micrograms/kg 14C-TCDD and 800 micrograms/kg 14C
      TCDF on gestation day 11. The distribution in maternal blood and liver and
      excretion in urine and feces was similar to that previously reported in males of
      the same strain. However, the rates of elimination were more rapid in pregnant
      females for both chemicals. This was more pronounced for TCDD than for TCDF. At
      all time points examined, the levels of radioactivity in the individual embryos
      were below 0.5% of the total TCDD dose and below 0.05% of the total TCDF dose.
      Assuming that all radioactive material found in embryos was unmetabolized
      compound, no more than 2.6 ng (8 pmoles) TCDD and 6.4 ng (21 pmoles) TCDF per g
      tissue were detected. In light of recent findings which strongly suggest a direct
      effect of TCDD and related compounds on embryonic palatal tissue, our data
      clearly support the potent teratogenic effect of TCDD and TCDF on the development
      of the secondary palate.

PMID- 4062550
TI  - Arsenic uptake, cytotoxicity and detoxification studied in mammalian cells in
      culture.
AB  - The cytotoxicity of trivalent and pentavalent inorganic arsenic salts was
      determined in mouse fibroblasts in vitro. Concentrations of As (III) in the
      microM range led to a reduction of proliferation and viability with a concomitant
      increase in LDH release and stimulation of lactic acid production. Similar
      effects were noted with approximately 10-fold greater molar concentrations of
      As(V). Cells pretreated with a low As(III) concentration are less sensitive to
      toxic doses of As(III) or As(V). Uptake of As(III) by the fibroblasts is greater
      than that of As(V). Both forms of inorganic arsenic are converted intracellularly
      to monomethylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic (DMA) acids, which are then
      released into the culture medium. In As-pretreated cells, which are more
      resistant to As toxicity, biotransformation of inorganic arsenic to MMA and DMA
      is increased.

PMID- 4062551
TI  - Mechanism of the protective action of n-acetylcysteine and methionine against
      paracetamol toxicity in the hamster.
AB  - The mechanism of the protective action of methionine and N-acetylcysteine against
      the toxicity of paracetamol was investigated in vivo. N-acetylcysteine inhibited
      the O-deethylation of ethoxyresorufin (cytochrome P-448) while methionine
      enhanced the N-demethylation of benzphetamine (cytochrome P-450) and increased
      hepatic microsomal levels of cytochrome P-450. These observations indicate that N
      acetylcysteine, but not methionine, could afford protection against paracetamol
      hepatotoxicity, at least partly, by inhibiting cytochrome P-448 activity and thus
      the generation of the reactive intermediate. However, previous studies
      demonstrating no decrease in the urinary excretion of glutathione conjugates of
      paracetamol (derived from the reactive intermediate) in animals treated with N
      acetylcysteine suggest that this is unlikely to be the prevailing mechanism of
      action. Administration of a large dose of paracetamol, as expected, depleted
      glutathione levels and inhibited cytosolic glutathione transferase activity.
      Administration of either N-acetylcysteine or methionine 1 h after paracetamol
      prevented both effects. On the basis of the present work and previously published
      observations, it is concluded that the major mechanism of action of N
      acetylcysteine and methionine in vivo is by acting as precursors of intracellular
      glutathione.

PMID- 4062552
TI  - Pulmonary changes in the rat following low phosgene exposure.
AB  - Minimal inhalation doses (or concentrations) of phosgene necessary for the
      production of changes within the blood-air barrier were determined in rats. At
      least 50 ppm.min (5 ppm X 10 min) was necessary for the production of alveolar
      oedema (the minimal effective phosgene concentration being 5 ppm). While the
      smallest phosgene dose to produce an increase in pulmonary lavage protein content
      was also 50 ppm.min and while the smallest phosgene dose to produce widening of
      pulmonary interstices was 25 ppm.min, there was no phosgene threshold
      concentration (down to 0.1 ppm) for these two latter parameters, which are
      assumed to be indicators of physiological compensatory mechanisms within the
      blood-air barrier. The primary localisation of pulmonary damage seemed to depend
      on the concentration of phosgene used: at low concentrations (0.1-2.5 ppm) the
      changes were primarily located at the transition from terminal bronchioles to the
      alveolar ducts; at higher concentrations (5 ppm) damage to the alveolar
      pneumocytes (type I) was more conspicuous.

PMID- 4062553
TI  - Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of vinyl acetate.
AB  - The hydrolysis of vinyl acetate (formation of acetic acid) has been studied in
      vitro with rat liver and lung microsomes, rat and human plasma and purified
      esterases (such as acetylcholine esterase, butyrylcholine esterase, carboxyl
      esterase). Characterization of the kinetic parameters revealed that rat liver
      microsomes and purified carboxyl esterase (from porcine liver) displayed the
      highest activity. In order to establish the rate of metabolism of vinyl acetate
      in vivo, rats were exposed in closed desiccator jar chambers, and gas uptake
      kinetics were studied. The decay of vinyl acetate was dose-dependent, indicating
      possible saturation of metabolic pathway(s). The maximal clearance (at lower
      concentrations) of vinyl acetate from the system (30 000 ml/h per kg body weight)
      was similar to the maximal ventilation rate in this species. This indicated that
      under conditions when metabolic enzymes are not saturated the metabolic rate is
      mainly determined by pulmonary uptake. The exposure of rats to vinyl acetate
      resulted in a transient exhalation of significant amounts of acetaldehyde into to
      the closed exposure system. This indicates the presence of this metabolic
      intermediate of vinyl acetate in the organism in vivo.

PMID- 4062554
TI  - The relationship between exposure duration, carboxyhemoglobin, blood glucose,
      pyruvate and lactate and the severity of intoxication in 39 cases of acute carbon
      monoxide poisoning in man.
AB  - The relationship between exposure duration, COHb, blood glucose, pyruvate and
      lactate and the severity of intoxication was investigated in a group of 39 cases
      of acute CO poisoning treated in the Clinical Toxicology Center in Lodz, Poland.
      On the basis of clinical criteria the patients were classified into cases of
      mild, moderate, severe and very severe CO poisoning. COHb and carbohydrate
      metabolites were estimated in venous blood taken immediately after admission of
      the patient to hospital prior to treatment. The severity of intoxication did not
      correlate with blood COHb; variation in exposure duration seems to be responsible
      for this phenomenon. Severe and very severe poisonings were associated with
      longer exposures and were accompanied by a markedly higher blood lactate level,
      compared to mild and moderate cases. Blood pyruvate depended less than lactate on
      the severity of intoxication. Blood glucose depended neither on exposure duration
      nor on the severity of intoxication. Among the carbohydrate metabolic parameters
      studied, blood lactate determination can be helpful in the evaluation of the
      severity of CO poisoning in man.

PMID- 4062555
TI  - The chronic toxicity of equine cadmium metallothionein in the rat.
AB  - The extensive renal tubular necrosis that results in male rats after the
      intravenous injection of a single, low dose of equine kidney cadmium (Cd),
      zinc(Zn)-metallothionein (MT) (0.2 mg MT-bound-Cd/kg body wt.) is followed within
      72 h by active regeneration. With repeated administration of the same dose at 3-
      or 4-day intervals, lesion resolves although, at least initially, the kidney
      content of Cd increases progressively. At any time during treatment, about 40% of
      the accumulated Cd is bound as the endogenous (Cd, Cu)MT. The rate of increase in
      the renal Cd content is dependent on the ratio of Cd:Zn in the injected
      metalloprotein, and is appreciably less when the constant dose of protein-bound
      Cd is given as a (2.4 Cd:1 Zn)MT, than as a (3.0 Cd:1 Zn)MT. On repeated
      administration of the latter preparation, however, the concentration of Cd in the
      kidney does not attain a critical concentration, above which persistent tubular
      damage occurs, but reaches a maximum of about 150-160 micrograms Cd/g wet wt.
      (after 16 doses) and then declines. After 19 doses of the (2.4 Cd:1 Zn)MT under
      the same conditions, the renal Cd concentration is submaximal and is less (92
      micrograms Cd/g wet wt.) than that after either 16 or 27 doses of the (3.0 Cd:1
      Zn)MT. In animals that are dosed with either of the heterologous MT preparations,
      the first dose, although not innocuous, seems to protect the kidneys against
      further damage by subsequent doses. Repeated doses, however, lead to vascular
      changes, e.g. lymphoid infiltration, periarteriole oedema and dilation of the
      arcuate veins, and to dilation of the glomerular spaces.

PMID- 4062556
TI  - Mutagenic activity in rat urine after feeding with the azo dye tartrazine.
AB  - The azo dye tartrazine, after dosing by gavage, is transformed by rats into
      urinary metabolites which exert dose-dependent mutagenic activities in the Ames
      test with Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 after addition of rat liver metabolizing
      enzymes (S9 mix). The strain TA 100 showed no mutagenic response.

PMID- 4062557
TI  - Suppression of human lymphocyte mitogen response by retroviruses of type D. I.
      Action of highly purified intact and disrupted virus.
AB  - The type D retrovirus PMFV, derived from a human cell line, suppresses the in
      vitro response of human lymphocytes to different T-cell mitogens as well as the
      mixed lymphocyte reaction. The suppressive effect is virus-specific and the
      active fraction copurifies with the virus particles. The suppression is produced
      by both crude and highly purified intact and disrupted virus preparations.
      However, the suppressive activity of virus disrupted by ether or a detergent is
      higher as compared with intact virus. The absence of any factors cytotoxic for
      lymphocytes or lymphoblasts in the suppressive virus preparation is shown by
      different methods.

PMID- 4062558
TI  - Suppression of human lymphocyte mitogen response by retroviruses of type D. II.
      Non-activity of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus versus activity of human cell line
      derived virus PMFV.
AB  - In contrast to the human cell line derived type D retrovirus PMFV, the Mason
      Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) does not suppress the mitogen response of normal human
      lymphocytes. Both viruses have been propagated on the same cell lines and
      purified by the same methods. MPMV did not contain a factor able to abolish PMFV
      induced suppression of the mitogen response. Neither could MPMV suppress the
      mitogen response of lymphocytes from rhesus monkeys or baboons. PMFV however
      inhibited their reactivity.

PMID- 4062559
TI  - Characterization of a 1980-swine recombinant influenza virus possessing H1
      hemagglutinin and N2 neuraminidase similar to that of the earliest Hong Kong
      (H3N2) virus.
AB  - A recombinant (H1N2, formerly Hsw 1N2), A/swine/Ehime/1/80 was found to possess
      antigenic, biological and genomic characteristics different from those of a
      previous A/swine/Kanagawa/2/78 (H1N2) strain. Five monoclonal antibodies to
      A/NJ/8/76 definitely differentiated the hemagglutinin molecules of the former
      virus from the latter, showing that these viruses differed, at least, at two
      antigenic determinants. Neuraminidase-inhibition tests with monoclonal antibodies
      to different H2N2 and H3N2 viruses revealed that the A/swine/Ehime/1/80 strain
      contained a neuraminidase very similar to that of the late human Asian (H2N2) and
      the earliest Hong Kong (H3N2) viruses. Growth comparison of swine and human
      isolates indicated that A/swine/Ehime/1/80 and A/swine/Shizuoka/1/78 (H1N1)
      failed to grow at 42 degrees C, while A/swine/Kanagawa/2/78 and its possible
      parental virus, A/swine/Kanagawa/4/78 (H1N1) replicated efficiently at this
      stringent temperature. These results revealed that the viruses having growth
      characteristics similar to those of avian influenza virus were present in the
      swine population. RNA analysis by oligonucleotide mapping suggested that
      A/swine/Ehime/1/80 may be a recombinant between A/swine/Shizuoka/1/78-like and
      A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2)-like viruses. To further determine the gene constellation of
      this recombinant virus, DNA-RNA hybridization was performed by using DNA segments
      complementary for swine (H1N1) virus RNA and the entire RNAs of three viruses.
      The molecular hybridization could define the genomic composition of the
      recombinant, indicating that only the neuraminidase gene of this virus is derived
      from the earliest Hong Kong (H3N2)-like virus and remaining seven genes from
      swine (H1N1) virus.

PMID- 4062560
TI  - The isolation and partial characterization of a highly pathogenic herpesvirus
      from the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina).
AB  - This report describes the first isolation and partial characterization of a
      herpesvirus from the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina). The virus was isolated during
      a disease outbreak in a group of young seals nursed in a seal orphanage in The
      Netherlands. Almost half of the seals died with symptoms of acute pneumonia and
      focal hepatitis and the virus was isolated of organs of most of the dead animals.
      Seven out of ten seals of which paired serum samples were obtained showed
      seroconversion in a virus neutralization test during this outbreak. The virus was
      tentatively characterized as a herpesvirus (seal herpesvirus: SeHV or phocid
      herpesvirus 1) on the basis of its characteristic morphology in electron
      microscopy, buoyant density in sucrose, sensitivity to ether and heat treatment
      and its antigenic relationship with other probable members of the
      Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. The virus caused cytopathic changes within 24 hours
      after inoculation in seal kidney cells, consisting of a focal rounding of cells
      and syncytium formation. No cytopathic changes were observed in the cells of nine
      other mammalian species tested.

PMID- 4062561
TI  - Analysis of the genome of influenza A virus strains (H3N2) isolated during the
      epidemic season of 1982-1983.
AB  - The cRNA:vRNA hybridization technique was used to analyse H3N2 influenza virus
      isolates obtained from influenza patients in the United Kingdom and the U.S.A.
      (Alaska) during the epidemic season of 1982-1983. The majority of isolates
      differed from reference H3N2 influenza virus strains A/Bangkok/1/79 and
      A/Philippines/2/82 as well as from one another in the homology of nearly all the
      genes. No identical strains were detected among the isolates including the ones
      isolated in the same town and at the same time.

PMID- 4062562
TI  - Protein synthesis in cells infected by chilo iridescent virus (iridovirus, type
      6).
AB  - Synthesis of the polypeptides induced in CIV-infected cells was studied using
      radiolabelled methionine in a permissive cell line of Choristoneura fumiferana.
      Analysis of labelled cell extracts by high resolution polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis (PAGE) revealed the sequential appearance of at least 28
      structural and non-structural polypeptides in permissive conditions. This was
      confirmed by analysis of protein synthesis in non-permissive cell lines of
      Lymantria dispar, Aedes albopictus or by the use of protein, RNA and DNA
      synthesis inhibitors in the permissive cell line.

PMID- 4062564
TI  - An avian influenza A virus killing a mammalian species--the mink. Brief report.
AB  - During October of 1984 an influenza epidemic occurred on mink farms in the
      coastal region of South Sweden. Six strains of an influenza A virus were
      isolated. All six isolates were of the H 10 subtype in combination with N4. The H
      10 subtype in combination with various N subtypes was hitherto only known to
      occur in avian strains, the prototype being the A/chicken/Germany/N/49 (H 10N7)
      virus.

PMID- 4062563
TI  - The glycoproteins of seven vesiculoviruses are antigenically distinct. Brief
      report.
AB  - The glycoproteins prepared from 7 Vesiculoviruses were differentiated by their
      electrophoretic mobilities in polyacrylamide gels and by reactions with anti
      viral and anti-glycoprotein sera.

PMID- 4062565
TI  - [Detection of Anisakis larvae crude antigen specific IgE by means of enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay].

PMID- 4062566
TI  - [The inhibitory effect of IgG antibody on the paper disc radioallergosorbent test
      of IgE antibody to Dermatophagoides farinae].

PMID- 4062567
TI  - [Study of surface basophilic cells in patients with nasal polyp].

PMID- 4062568
TI  - [A study of antigens of adult bronchial asthma in Nagasaki Prefecture and a
      comparison with other districts].

PMID- 4062569
TI  - [Immunological control of homeostasis. Analysis of activated macrophages during
      liver regeneration].

PMID- 4062570
TI  - [The effect of thromboxane (Tx)A2 synthetase inhibitor (OKY-046) on airway
      hyperresponsiveness induced by ozone exposure in beagles].

PMID- 4062571
TI  - Effect of time of administration of cholestyramine on plasma lipids and
      lipoproteins.
AB  - Cholestyramine was administered to 15 men with type II hyperlipoproteinemia in a
      dosage of 8 gm twice daily. For each subject, the p.m. dose was randomly assigned
      to one of four approximate time periods: mid-afternoon, 30 minutes before the
      evening meal, 60 minutes after the evening meal, and at bedtime. The time of the
      morning dose remained constant throughout the study. Each treatment period lasted
      eight weeks, and all participants completed all four treatment assignments. There
      was a significant reduction of both total plasma cholesterol (TPC) and LDL
      cholesterol (LDL-C) compared to baseline values (p less than 0.001) for all
      treatment regimens. TPC and LDL-C reduction was greatest when the p.m. dose was
      taken 30 minutes before the evening meal. This reduction was also significantly
      greater than when the p.m. dose was taken mid-afternoon (p less than 0.05). There
      was also a significant increase in triglycerides compared to baseline during all
      treatment periods (p less than 0.05). These findings indicate that the time of
      the p.m. dose of cholestyramine is important to obtain the maximum reduction of
      LDL-C. They also reveal that the most effective dosage schedule is administration
      immediately prior to the evening meal.

PMID- 4062572
TI  - Increase in the density of lighter low density lipoprotein by hepatic
      triglyceride lipase.
AB  - The role of HTGL in LDL metabolism was investigated. HTGL was separated from the
      postheparin plasma (PHP) by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. 125I-LDL1
      (1.019 less than d less than 1.045) was incubated in fasting plasma with or
      without HTGL at 37 degrees C for six hours. VLDL, IDL, LDL1, LDL2 (1.045 less
      than d less than 1.063), and HDL (d greater than 1.063) were harvested at 0, 180
      and 360 minutes of incubation by ultracentrifugation, and the radioactivities in
      all lipoprotein fractions and the specific activities of apoprotein B in LDL1 and
      LDL2 were measured. Consistent small increments of the radioactivities were
      observed in all lipoprotein fractions except for the substrate, LDL1. When 125I
      LDL1 was incubated with HTGL, LDL2 radioactivities increased significantly with
      the concomitant decrease in LDL1 radioactivities. The changes in VLDL, IDL and
      HDL radioactivities were similar to those with the incubation without HTGL. The
      specific activities of apoprotein B in LDL1 were constant throughout the
      incubation with and without HTGL. HTGL accelerated the increase in the specific
      activities of apoprotein B in LDL2. We concluded that HTGL removed the
      triglycerides and phospholipids from the lighter LDL fraction and increased the
      density.

PMID- 4062573
TI  - Plasma lipids, apolipoproteins A and B in maternal and umbilical vessels in term
      pregnancies.
AB  - Total cholesterol (TC) high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),
      triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein A (Apo A) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) were
      measured in 40 plasmas from term pregnant women at vaginal delivery. Blood
      samples were obtained simultaneously from the maternal vein, umbilical artery and
      umbilical vein. The mean values of lipids and apolipoproteins were significantly
      (P less than 0,0001) lower in umbilical vessels than in the mother. TC, HDL-C, TG
      and Apo B were significantly (P less than 0,0005) higher in umbilical vein than
      in umbilical artery. No significant differences in Apo B levels were found
      between umbilical vein and artery.

PMID- 4062574
TI  - Plasma HDL cholesterol and the subclasses HDL2 and HDL3 in smokers and non
      smokers.
AB  - Plasma cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, HDL2 cholesterol, HDL3 cholesterol and
      triglycerides were examined in 45 healthy males aged 40 to 49 years, living in
      Finnmark, Northern Norway. In 14 men who had been smoking more than 15 cigarettes
      daily for at least 10 years, HDL cholesterol, HDL2 cholesterol and HDL3
      cholesterol were all found to be significantly lower than in 23 non-smokers. No
      significant difference was found between smokers and non-smokers concerning
      triglycerides and (total) cholesterol. It is suggested that cigarette smoking may
      promote atherosclerosis by lowering the antiatherogenic subclass HDL2.

PMID- 4062575
TI  - [Ultrastructural organization of endings of the efferent fibers of zones A1 and
      A4 of the auditory cortex of the cat in the superior olivary complex].
AB  - Distribution of synapses formed by straight corticofugal fibers running from the
      zone A1 and A4 of the acoustic cortex in the main basilar nuclei of the cat
      superior olive has been studied electron microscopically. These synapses are
      presented as axodendritic structures situating on processes of small and middle
      diameters, predominantly at the side of the operation (both in the medial and
      lateral complexes). Problems on functional influence of the acoustic cortex
      projections on subcortical acoustic centers depending on the form and amount of
      the synaptic terminals are discussed.

PMID- 4062576
TI  - [Fluorescence of catecholamines in nerve structures of cranial cervical ganglia
      transferred to striated muscle].
AB  - In order to form additional innervation sources of the organs, a possibility to
      preserve the structure of the cranial cervical node transferred on the musculus
      sterno-mastoideus has been tried. During this manipulation most of neurocytes
      die. Along the periphery and on the caudal pole of the node a part of cells
      remain alive. At first the structure and metabolism of these cells is disturbed.
      However, beginning from the end of the first month after the transfer, the
      remained cells and the processes formed by them accumulate catecholamines. By the
      second--third, and especially by the end of the first month after the transfer,
      the remained cells and the processes sound. A suggestion is made on a possibility
      to use these neurocytes for creating additional sources of the organs'
      innervation.

PMID- 4062577
TI  - [Growth of intramuscular nerves in man during prenatal ontogenesis].
AB  - Myelinization of the neural cell processes begins on the third month. At 4-5
      months mesaxons appear. Then, together with increasing diameter of the neural
      fibers, formation of new myelin transmitters is going on.

PMID- 4062578
TI  - [Rhythmicity of the activity of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the
      hypothalamus of the C57Bl mouse].
AB  - Rhythmical changes in the activity of the neurosecretory processes have been
      compared in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei in the C57Bl
      mice hypothalamus during vernal equinox. Parts of the neurosecretory cells, being
      at stages of synthesis, excretion and accumulation of secrete, volumes of the
      cell nuclei and nucleoli survey as criteria of their activity. Similar feature
      for the rhythmic of both nuclei studied is the highest activation of the
      processes during day time, when mice are resting; this is demonstrated as the
      maximal amount of actively synthesizing cells, maximal volumes of the cell nuclei
      and nucleoli. The peculiarities of the rhythmic display in the activity is
      manifested as a greater ability of the SON cells to accumulate neurosecrete. The
      accumulation of the secretory material in the SON cells precedes to the period of
      its maximal activity (1-7 PM) characterized: by making the cells free from the
      secrete and by a maximal increasing the volume of the nucleoli. In the PVN
      intensified display of the activity is noted at early hours of the day, and the
      amount of the cells not containing the secrete--at 6 PM. Lack of the neurosecrete
      accumulation in the PVN cells speaks in favour of more steady than in the SON
      cells excretion of the secrete. This demonstrates a more even maintenance of
      neurohormones concentration in the organism.

PMID- 4062579
TI  - [Development of glands of internal secretion in birds and immaturely-born
      mammals].
AB  - Certain general problems on foundation of the hormonal regulation mechanisms
      during the prenatal and early postnatal ontogenesis are discussed basing on the
      authors' own results and on the literature data. They concern development of the
      hypophysis and peripheral target-glands in immaturely-bone Mammalia and fowls.
      The data on foundation of the endocrine glands functional activity are compared
      in rats and hens. The notion on a relative autonomous hormonal function of the
      peripheral endocrine glands at early stages of ontogenesis is motivated.

PMID- 4062580
TI  - [Changes in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in muscle fibers of
      functionally different muscles in the rat after a reduction in exertion-
      hypodynamia].
AB  - In 105 male rats of Wistar strain distal parts of one of the thoracic extremities
      are amputated with keeping intact the places where the brachial muscle is fixed.
      This does not restrict the volume of the brachium movements but essentially
      decreases their dynamic component (power loading). For 45 days dynamics of
      succinate-dehydrogenase (SDG) activity is being revealed in muscle fibers (MF) of
      functionally different muscles: m. brachialis, m. serratus ventralis and m.
      triceps brachii (the medial head). Average tendency of the process, changes in
      the distribution margins, asymmetry and kurtosis are taken into account. Under
      hypodynamia reconstruction of the MF has a wavy character with a gradually longer
      period of fluctuations. In all the muscles appear MF with a greater than in the
      control SDG activity. In the medial head of the m. triceps brachii the fibers
      with the lowest SDG activity disappear. The amount of MF with the lowest activity
      decreases, while those with the higher--increases, the process being more
      pronounced in the m. triceps brachii. The amount of MF with middle activity of
      the enzyme remains nearly unchanged. MF with different initial enzymatic activity
      do not change simultaneously. The degree of the changes in the fibers and the
      power leading are connected with each other, the fibers with the low initial SDG
      activity including into the reaction at a sharper decrease of the latter. The
      changes in quantitative ratio of MF with different SDG activity are not the same
      in every muscle studied.

PMID- 4062581
TI  - [Functional morphology of the cricopharyngeal muscle].
AB  - In the cricopharyngeal part of the inferior constrictor in the human and canine
      pharynx, there is a group of odd muscle fibers (transversal portion), which
      contracts at every phase of sigh. Registration of mechanical and electrical
      activity of the transversal portion of the canine cricopharyngeal muscle in
      chronic experiments demonstrates an important role of this structure to prevent
      from getting an excessive amount of air into the digestive tract at a sigh.

PMID- 4062582
TI  - [Ultrastructural organization of the aero-hematic barrier of the lungs of
      laboratory animals].
AB  - The ultrastructure of the aero-hematic barrier (AHB) of the lungs has been
      studied in the mostly used laboratory animals-mice and rats. In 2 clinically
      sound animals in macroscopically unchanged parts of the lungs certain disorders
      of rheological blood properties have been revealed, edema and focal destruction
      of endotheliocytes and alveolocytes of the I type, local destruction of the thin
      part of AHB. The changes revealed in AHB ultrastructure in intact mice and rats
      are in many respects similar to those developing in the lungs under various
      extreme influences. Therefore, a wide and thorough investigation of the lung
      structure in intact animals makes it possible to avoid erroneous conclusions at
      examining various pulmonary pathology and contributes to a correct estimation of
      its manifestation degree.

PMID- 4062583
TI  - [Structure of the cardial glands of the human esophagus].
AB  - The inferior and superior cardial glands of the esophageal wall have been studied
      in 156 mature persons (67 women and 89 men). The inferior cardial glands are
      represented as glandular brackets with predominance of secretory parts of the
      tubular form. In the superior cardial glands acini in the alveolar-tubular form
      are well developed. Glandular epithelium in terminal parts is polymorphic. In
      most of the acini it is cylindrical and sometimes cuboidal. The ducts of the
      cardial glands have a peculiar structure. Their simple cylindrical epithelium
      joins with multilayered esophageal epithelium. In the area of the ducts the
      multilayered esophageal epithelium often becomes thin and exfoliates, and this
      area of the mucous membrane is covered with cylindrical glandular epithelium.

PMID- 4062584
TI  - [Changes in the epithelium of the proximal part of the nephron tubule after bile
      loss by the body].
AB  - As demonstrate the experiments performed in 45 male rats of Wistar line, a
      complete bile loss by the organism results in 24-72 h in certain distrophic
      changes of epithelium in the proximal parts of the nephron canaliculi. The brush
      border microvilli undergo destruction, the cellular membranes disorganize,
      cytoplasm of epitheliocytes vacuolizes up to their complete rupture. The PAS
      positive reaction of the basal membrane in the canaliculi increases. In cytoplasm
      of epitheliocytes in the straight portions of the canaliculi of the distal parts
      of the nephron glycogene is deposited. Alkaline phosphatase, succinate
      dehydrogenase, cytochromoxydase activity decreases, and that of acidic
      phosphatase increases. The changes advance with increasing time from the
      beginning of bile loss.

PMID- 4062585
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the osphradium of Siphonaria grisea (Mollusca, Pulmonata)].
AB  - By means of scanning and transmissive electron microscopic methods osphradium of
      Siphonaria grisea has been studied. The osphradium of the animal is presented as
      a small torulus formed by supporting ciliated cells. Among them bodies of
      receptory cells are situated; they are of smaller size and decorated with a
      bundle of microvilli. Central processes of the receptory cells, penetrating
      through a thick layer of the connective tissue, reach the subepithelial neural
      trunk. Concentration of the neural cells in the periphery of the trunk is small,
      and in the central area no chemical synapses are revealed. The data presented
      demonstrate a primitive structure of the osphradial chemoreceptory organ in
      Siphonaria.

PMID- 4062586
TI  - [Paraformaldehyde-fluorescent method of detecting catecholamines in the
      myocardium].

PMID- 4062587
TI  - [Use of scanning electron microscopy findings in the training process in
      departments of histology].

PMID- 4062588
TI  - [Biopsy and myocarditis. Current status].

PMID- 4062589
TI  - [Relation between electrocardiographic changes and the localization of the
      hypertrophic muscle mass in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 4062590
TI  - [Aortic insufficiency. Evaluation of its severity by echocardiography].

PMID- 4062591
TI  - [Treatment of primary hyperlipidemia with 5-methylpyrazinecarboxylic acid
      (acipimox)].

PMID- 4062592
TI  - [The triad mitral valve prolapse, panic attack and agoraphobia].

PMID- 4062593
TI  - [Surgical treatment of the anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the
      pulmonary artery. New technic and report of a case].

PMID- 4062594
TI  - [Tachycardia and pre-excitation. A rare mechanism with bedside reversal by a
      vagal maneuver. Report of a case].

PMID- 4062596
TI  - [Neuropsychological semiology].
AB  - The authors present a version of the Luria's neuropsychological investigation
      from an initial battery comprising all the Luria's items, and according to
      Christensen. It is not an standardized procedure but the investigation of each
      area of the brain that can be regarded as a supplement to classical neurology.
      Each of the areas makes a highly specific contribution to ensure the operation of
      the functional system.

PMID- 4062595
TI  - [Revascularization of acute infarction. Analysis of the results with and without
      previous intracoronary thrombolysis. Influence of the time interval between the
      streptokinase administration and the operation].

PMID- 4062597
TI  - [Epidemiology of cerebrovascular accidents in the city of Salvador: clinical
      aspects].
AB  - The major clinical findings of acute cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) were
      analyzed for 1089 patients from Salvador City (Bahia, Brazil) who attended to
      medical services from 1 July 1979 to 30 June 1980. Data were collected from all
      hospitals and emergency services, from private and public sectors, which admitted
      patients with CVA. Hemiplegies and speech disturbances were the most commonly
      observed findings in both sexes. In 167 patients (23.03%) a reference to an early
      episode of CVA was found; 34.93% of the patients were in coma at the time of
      admission and the lethality rate in this group was 80.87%. The quality of the
      medical attention provided to these patients was commented. A better organization
      of the services for tertiary prevention is needed in order to improve patient's
      adhesion and quality of life.

PMID- 4062598
TI  - [Obstructive apnea during sleep: clinical and polygraphic evaluation of 150
      cases].
AB  - Obstructive sleep apnea is one of the most common causes of excessive daytime
      sleepiness. In our sample, clinical evaluation generally suggested this diagnosis
      by daytime sleepiness (90.6%) and loud snoring (92.0%). Respiratory pauses and
      inspiratory gasps were frequently reported (12.6%). The age of presentation was
      after the fourth decade in 87.2%. Polysomnography was characterized by numerous
      obstructive or mixed apneas, with mean apnea index 37.1; frequent arousals
      following the apneas; reduction or abscence of stages 3 and 4; reduction of sleep
      efficiency; hypoxemia and EEG arrhythmias during the respiratory pauses.
      Tracheostomy was performed in 45 cases, uveopalatopharyngoplasty in 43 and both
      surgeries in 5, as treatment of choice.

PMID- 4062600
TI  - [Unilateral papilledema in pseudotumor cerebri].
AB  - The appearance of unilateral papilledema in the fundus photos of 6 women with
      pseudotumor cerebri is presented. Associated findings included obesity in 5 and a
      partially empty sella in 2. The possible explanations for the development of
      unilateral papilledema in pseudotumor cerebri are reviewed and favor a mechanism
      that is present at the distal end of the optic nerves.

PMID- 4062599
TI  - [Immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid of the newborn infant].
AB  - Immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM were studied in serum and cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) samples from 36 newborn infants in the second day of life. According to
      parameters previously established in the same laboratory for normal newborn
      infants, serum proteins were normal in all samples and CSF composition was normal
      as to blood pigments, cells, total proteins and protein fractions in all samples.
      Immunoglobulins concentrations were determined by two methods: radial
      immunodiffusion (RID) and nephelometry. Concentrations found (mean +/- standard
      deviation) were as follows (mg/dl). Serum: through the RID method IgG 1346 +/-
      299.1, IgM 10.4 +/- 2.26, IgA 1.1 +/- 1.06; through nephelometry IgG 1372 +/-
      319.7, IgM 10.6 +/- 4.10, IgA 1.5 +/- 0.31. Cerebrospinal fluid: IgA and IgM were
      not detected by the methods employed; IgG was detected by both methods, and
      values were 11.1 +/- 2.52 by RID and 9.6 +/- 7.04 by nephelometry. IgG relations
      and IgG index were also evaluated; values of the IgG index (0.5 +/- 0.14) are
      emphasized. Considerations are made in order to point out data obtained as to
      characterize normal values for immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid of
      normal newborn infants.

PMID- 4062601
TI  - [Hypertensive intracerebral hematomas: apropos of 50 cases].
AB  - Fifty cases of supratentorial intracerebral hematomas associated with
      hypertension are analyzed. The best treatment of the intracerebral hematomas is
      not settled. The authors reviewed and analyzed the literature and they suggest
      that the small hematomas should be managed conservatively as well as those
      patients in deep coma. The subcortical hematomas usually improve with surgical
      removal. In the deep ganglionic type the initial treatment is clinical. If no
      improvement occurs the hematoma should be removed with microsurgery technique.

PMID- 4062602
TI  - [Diphenylhydantoin poisoning in monotherapy and in combination with other
      antiepileptic drugs].
AB  - It was determined the serum concentration of phenytoin in 100 patients from July
      1979 to July 1984. Among those, 67.3% as monotherapy and 32.7% as polytherapy.
      With monotherapy we found increased concentration of phenytoin (greater than 24
      mg/l) in 3.3% and side effects in 0.4%. The patients treated with combination of
      two or more antiepileptic drugs showed increased concentration of phenytoin in
      9.1% and side effects in 4.6%. Toward side effects, there were no difference
      between the many associations of two or more drugs. The data reinforce conviction
      that we must first attempt to reach the upper therapeutic threshold before we try
      the use of two or more distinct drugs.

PMID- 4062603
TI  - [Benign familial chorea: report of 2 cases].
AB  - Two cases (siblings) of benign familial chorea are reported. The family's
      pedigree shows an autosomic dominant form of inheritance with incomplete
      penetrance. The differential diagnosis is discussed as well a brief literature
      revision is made.

PMID- 4062604
TI  - [Cerebral hemorrhage as the initial manifestation of systemic lupus
      erythematosus: clinical and histopathological study of 2 cases].
AB  - Two patients with cerebral hemorrhage as the first manifestation of systemic
      lupus erythematosus (SLE) are reported. The first one showed in the CT scan blood
      within the brain. Laboratory findings gave the diagnosis of lupus. She was
      treated with corticosteroids and plasmapheresis with good results. The second
      patient died within few days and the anatomopathologic study showed a large area
      of hemorrhage within the brain. The microscopic study of the kidney and other
      organs made the diagnosis of lupus erythematosus. The authors regard the
      intracranial bleeding as a rare complication of lupus. They consider that the CT
      scan must be done in all patients with central nervous system complications of
      SLE. They consider that the cerebral hemorrhage must be related to the autoimmune
      disorders that occur in SLE.

PMID- 4062605
TI  - [Myasthenia gravis with the electrographic response of a myasthenic syndrome.
      Report of a case].
AB  - It is reported a case of a 61 years-old man with progressive asthenia, disfagia,
      disphonia and diplopia, of variable intensity during the day, who had a very good
      response to anticolinesterasic drugs and corticosteroids. The repetitive
      stimulation tests at low frequency, resulted in large increment (maximum 275%) of
      the basal voltage after exercise. At high frequency he also had a large
      increment. Radiological and laboratory investigation three times in a seven-year
      period was normal, without evidence of any neoplasia. Muscle biopsy showed a type
      II muscle fiber atrophy. The repetitive stimulation tests repeated three times,
      was typical of myasthenia gravis in one occasion and in the other two, typical of
      myasthenic syndrome (increment of 418%). A discussion about other cases with
      similar findings is made after a review of the literature.

PMID- 4062606
TI  - [Redundant lumbar nerve root syndrome: report of a case].
AB  - The redundant nerve roots syndrome is the association of high grade extradural
      lumbar spinal block with a tortuous elongated nerve roots depicted as multiple
      serpentiginous filling defects on myelography. A case of a 64-years-old man is
      presented. Laminectomy and facetectomy were done with great improvement of the
      symptoms. A discussion of this syndrome is presented.

PMID- 4062607
TI  - [Spinal cord involvement in Burkitt-type lymphoma: report of a case].
AB  - Case report of Burkitt's type lymphoma with involvement of the spinal cord in a
      three years-old child. An epidural tumoral mass (T11-L1) was removed surgically
      (Fig. 2), and clinical conditions improved for a short period of time (1 and 1/2
      months) after which symptoms reappeared. At this occasion a computerized
      tomography showed a tumoral mass occupying the spinal canal with high density at
      the L2 level. The patient died 6 months after the beginning of the disease.
      General considerations are made on Burkitt's lymphoma.

PMID- 4062608
TI  - [Multirecurrent peripheral facial paralysis associated with scrotal tongue:
      report of a case].
AB  - The clinic case of a 21-year-old girl with 6 episodes of relapsing and
      alternating peripheral facial paralysis associated with plicated tongue is
      reported. She never had oedema of the lips or face. The author reviewed the
      literature regarding frequency, clinical features and etiology of recurrent
      facial palsy. The definitive etiology could not be demonstrated.

PMID- 4062609
TI  - Laterality and symptom association in Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 4062611
TI  - Intracranial pressure monitoring in patients with cerebral hemorrhage.

PMID- 4062610
TI  - Familial systemic carnitine deficiency.

PMID- 4062612
TI  - High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone in myasthenia gravis.
AB  - Corticosteroids have been useful in the management of myasthenia gravis (MG), but
      their efficacy has been limited by the slow onset of improvement, initial
      worsening of MG, refractoriness of some patients, and side effects of large daily
      doses. High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone pulses have been reported to
      produce rapid improvement in several immunologic disorders. In this study we
      administered 2 g of methylprednisolone intravenously every five days to 15
      consecutive patients who had exacerbation of generalized MG. Satisfactory
      improvement occurred in ten of 15 patients after two courses and in two of five
      patients after a third course. Onset of improvement began a mean (+/- SD) of 3 +/
      1.1 days after the first infusion, 2.1 +/- 1 days after the second, and 2.4 +/-
      1 days after the third, and reached its maximum level 8.9 +/- 6.1 days after the
      last infusion. A decrease in strength occurred in three patients 1.43 +/- 1.30
      days after each infusion, was not marked, and lasted three days, following which
      improvement generally occurred. Side effects were minimal. After improvement, a
      daily dose of prednisone (30 mg) was used to maintain improvement. Use of pulse
      therapy at five-day intervals for the management of severe MG seems to have an
      advantage in that it produces less initial worsening and more rapid improvement
      in MG, enabling smaller daily maintenance doses to be employed, with fewer side
      effects.

PMID- 4062613
TI  - Neurologic signs in senescence.
AB  - We examined 2,029 volunteers 50 to 93 years of age in a cross-sectional study of
      nine bedside neurologic tests to determine the frequency of "abnormal" responses
      in uncomplicated aging (senescence). Rates of abnormal responses remained
      constant until age 70 years, after which they increased significantly. The number
      of abnormal signs per subject also increased, especially over 70 years of age.
      These results provide normative data against which these signs may be compared
      when applied as a clinical screening battery for diffuse cerebral dysfunction.

PMID- 4062614
TI  - Isolated impairment of memory following a penetrating lesion of the fornix
      cerebri.
AB  - Persistent memory problems were reported by a 39-year-old man who suffered a
      penetrating brain wound while serving in Vietnam 15 years earlier.
      Neuropsychological testing indicated an unusually isolated memory impairment.
      Computed tomography revealed transection of the columns of the fornix cerebri
      with no temporal-lobe involvement and minimal thalamic damage. We suggest that
      the fornix cerebri has a role in the maintenance of information accessibility to
      both encoding and recall during post-working memory processing and in the
      organization of verbal information during encoding and/or retrieval for
      declarative (recall) purposes. These processes are not essential for verbal
      recognition but can result in decrements on specific laboratory tasks and in
      social adjustment.

PMID- 4062615
TI  - Intracranial pressure monitoring.

PMID- 4062616
TI  - In favor of intracranial pressure monitoring and aggressive therapy in neurologic
      practice.

PMID- 4062617
TI  - Intracranial pressure monitoring.

PMID- 4062618
TI  - Physicians' attitudes. Management of carotid artery plaques, murmurs, and
      transient ischemic attacks.

PMID- 4062619
TI  - Severe multicore disease associated with reaction to anesthesia.
AB  - Multicore disease is a nonprogressive myopathy. To our knowledge, in all previous
      cases, the clinical course has been benign with no deaths attributed to it. We
      describe a patient who presented as a floppy baby and remained weaker throughout
      his life than any other patients previously described. Biopsy findings were
      characteristic of multicore disease. However, at age 21/2 years, our patient
      developed congestive heart failure that was easily controlled with digitalis and
      diuretics. Shortly after cardiac catheterization, the patient developed a high,
      unexplained fever and died 26 hours later despite aggressive attempts at
      resuscitation. Therefore, patients with multicores in skeletal muscle may have
      severe weakness and may also have a predisposition to complications subsequent to
      anesthesia.

PMID- 4062620
TI  - Blepharospasm with bilateral basal ganglia infarction.
AB  - Severe, involuntary, forceful closure of both eyelids, along with dystonia and
      rigidity, followed hypoxic encephalopathy in a young man whose computed
      tomographic scan showed symmetric infarcts of the corpus striatum. Symptomatic
      blepharospasm can result from bilateral damage to the basal ganglia.

PMID- 4062621
TI  - Paraneoplastic cerebellar disease. Remission with excision of the primary tumor.
AB  - We describe two patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar syndromes who gained
      clinically useful neurologic remissions following radical excision of the primary
      cancer. In both patients the syndrome was characterized by the rapid onset of
      gait ataxia, nausea, postural vertigo, central positional nystagmus, and saccadic
      oscillations. These observations encourage radical treatment of the primary
      cancer in patients with advanced malignant neoplasms who are disabled by
      cerebellar dysfunction, and lend support to a current hypothesis that
      paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is due to anticerebellar Purkinje cell
      antibodies elaborated by the primary cancer.

PMID- 4062622
TI  - Lesion localization in Broca's aphasia. Implications from Broca's aphasia without
      hemiparesis.
AB  - The recent hypothesis that injury of the left precentral gyrus (PCG) is critical
      in causing Broca's aphasia implies that right hemiparesis is an inevitable
      accompaniment of Broca's aphasia and not merely a coincidental neighborhood sign
      of PCG damage. A right-handed man was evaluated for posttraumatic Broca's
      aphasia. The absence in this case of limb or central facial weakness strongly
      suggests that language impairments of Broca's aphasia need not be associated with
      PCG damage.

PMID- 4062623
TI  - Ocular lesions following methyl isocyanate contamination: the Bhopal experience.

PMID- 4062624
TI  - Oculopression in detection of occult retinal emboli.

PMID- 4062625
TI  - Treatments of keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

PMID- 4062626
TI  - Peripheral retinal function in age-related macular degeneration.

PMID- 4062627
TI  - Office procedures following vitreoretinal surgery.

PMID- 4062628
TI  - The role of carotid endarterectomy in ischemic optic neuropathy.

PMID- 4062629
TI  - Handlight retroillumination in HOTV visual acuity testing.

PMID- 4062630
TI  - Oh, the times! Tabloids and other non-peer-reviewed publications.

PMID- 4062631
TI  - Pneumatonometry through bandage contact lenses.
AB  - Bandage soft contact lenses are an effective therapy for patients with a variety
      of corneal diseases. These patients often require accurate measurement of the
      intraocular pressure, necessitating movement or removal of the contact lens for
      slit-lamp Goldmann applanation tonometry. Intraocular pressure was measured in 21
      normal, healthy volunteers, using a pneumatonometer (Alcon). A therapeutic soft
      contact lens (Plano T) was then placed on the eye and the pneumatonometer was
      used to remeasure the intraocular pressure through the contact lens. The average
      intraocular pressure without the contact lens was not statistically different
      from the intraocular pressure with the contact lens. These data suggest that
      pneumatonometry is an effective way to assess the intraocular pressure in
      patients wearing bandage contact lenses, thus eliminating the need to manipulate
      the lens solely for the purpose of intraocular pressure determination.

PMID- 4062632
TI  - Idiopathic corneal endotheliopathy. A report of two cases.
AB  - Two male patients had corneal endotheliopathy of unknown origin. In both patients
      it was characterized by continuously progressing bullous keratopathy preceded by
      a line of keratic precipitates resembling a rejection line. The disease was
      progressive and did not respond to intensive corticosteroid therapy. No virus
      could be isolated from the aqueous humor, and the aqueous-antibody titers to
      herpes simplex, varicella zoster, and measles viruses were below detection level.

PMID- 4062633
TI  - Prognostic factor study of survival after enucleation for juxtapapillary
      melanomas.
AB  - We reviewed 242 cases of choroidal and ciliary body melanoma that were treated by
      enucleation to determine the importance of juxtapapillary location as a
      prognostic factor for tumor-related deaths. Analysis involved Kaplan-Meier
      survival curves and Cox proportional hazards analysis. Patients with
      juxtapapillary tumors had a worse prognosis than those with tumors in other
      locations (64% vs 78% five-year survival), but the difference was not
      statistically significant. Juxtapapillary location was not an independent risk
      factor on Cox multivariate analysis. Risk factors included number of epithelioid
      cells per high-power field, largest tumor dimension, location of the tumor's
      anterior margin, and invasion to the line of transection. In 63 cases (26%), the
      tumor was in contact with the optic disc. For these juxtapapillary tumors, we
      also evaluated the prognostic importance of six variables relevant to
      juxtapapillary location. On univariate analysis, tumor height at the disc margin,
      subarachnoid space invasion, and postlaminar optic nerve invasion were
      significantly related to survival, while disc compression by tumor, prelaminar
      optic nerve invasion, and extent of disc perimeter surrounded by tumor were not.
      On Cox multivariate analysis, however, none of these six variables was an
      independent risk factor. Risk factors for juxtapapillary tumors included number
      of epithelioid cells per high-power field and location of the tumor's anterior
      margin.

PMID- 4062634
TI  - Visual loss in pseudotumor cerebri of childhood. A follow-up study.
AB  - The occurrence of visual loss in substantial numbers of adult patients with
      pseudotumor cerebri is well recognized. In children, the disease has been said to
      spare the visual system. We evaluated the ophthalmologic features of 36 children
      with pseudotumor cerebri followed up for one to 12 years. Four patients had
      rapid, severe loss of visual acuity and visual field changes while receiving
      medical therapy. Six others had less-severe but prominent abnormalities of visual
      acuity and/or visual fields at some point during the disease process. Only one
      patient had a permanent, severe visual impairment, but five had moderate
      permanent visual abnormalities. A severe degree of papilledema was seen only in
      the group with visual loss, but some patients in this group had only moderate
      papilledema. More patients with dural sinus thrombosis had serious visual loss
      than did those with other associated diseases or idiopathic pseudotumor cerebri.
      Quantitative perimetry of some sort can be performed in most children and is the
      preferred sequential test for planning treatment.

PMID- 4062635
TI  - Optic nerve dysfunction during gravity inversion. Pattern reversal visual evoked
      potentials.
AB  - The intraocular pressure (IOP) in humans approximately doubles when a head-down,
      or inverted, position is assumed. Simultaneously, the ophthalmic artery pressure
      increases by an even greater absolute magnitude. We recorded pattern reversal
      visual evoked potentials (PRVEPs) in 16 subjects in both the inverted and upright
      positions. In ten of the 16 subjects, we performed an additional experiment. On a
      different day, we obtained control PRVEPs, and then, using a scleral suction cup,
      we artificially increased the IOPs to the same values reached when the subjects
      were previously inverted. We found that the PRVEP amplitudes were significantly
      reduced in both experiments compared with corresponding control recordings,
      without changes in latency or wave form. Furthermore, the degree of amplitude
      reduction was even greater during gravity inversion than with suction cup
      elevation of IOP. The effects of IOP on optic nerve function as measured by the
      PRVEP appear to be dependent more on the IOP than on vascular perfusion. We also
      concluded that gravity inversion activities pose potential risks to the eyes.

PMID- 4062636
TI  - Retinal telangiectasis in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy with deafness.
AB  - A 22-year-old patient with newly diagnosed facioscapulohumeral (FSH) muscular
      dystrophy had a macular lesion in her right eye and poor central vision, which
      had been present since early childhood. Fluorescein angiographic examination
      revealed bilateral peripheral vessel closure, peripheral retinal telangiectasis,
      and hyperfluorescence in both foveae. This widespread vascular abnormality was
      deemed responsible for her macular disease. Her mother, brother, and sister, all
      of whom are affected by varying degrees of FSH muscular dystrophy and clinical
      deafness, also have abnormal retinal vasculature, as determined by fluorescein
      angiography. However, none had related visual symptoms and two showed no
      ophthalmoscopic evidence of vascular abnormalities. In young patients with
      unexplained retinal vascular lesions, the diagnosis of FSH muscular dystrophy
      should be considered. Similarly, young patients with FSH muscular dystrophy
      should be examined for sight-threatening and potentially treatable vascular
      retinopathy.

PMID- 4062637
TI  - Mechanism of glaucoma secondary to increased venous pressure.
AB  - Model experiments and mathematical analysis of intraocular pressure and blood
      flow show that as venous pressure is increased there is a rapidly increasing
      tendency for intraocular veins to collapse. Vein collapse slows blood flow
      markedly. We propose that the visual field loss in glaucoma secondary to elevated
      venous pressure is associated with intraocular vein collapse and retardation of
      intraocular blood flow.

PMID- 4062638
TI  - Vitreous changes in peripheral uveitis.
AB  - The vitreous in 76 eyes with peripheral uveitis was examined and compared with
      the vitreous in 77 eyes of age- and sex-matched controls. The vitreous findings
      in peripheral uveitis were inflammatory and cotton ball-like opacities, gel
      shrinkage, and posterior vitreous detachment. The prevalence of partial and
      complete vitreous detachment was significantly higher in the peripheral uveitis
      group than in the control group. The prevalence of partial vitreous detachment
      was significantly higher in eyes with macular change than in eyes without macular
      change, whereas the prevalence of complete vitreous detachment was significantly
      higher in eyes without macular change than in eyes with macular change. We also
      found a significantly higher prevalence of complete vitreous detachment in eyes
      with visual acuity of 20/50 or better than in those with an acuity of 20/60 or
      worse. The prevalence of partial vitreous detachment was significantly higher in
      eyes with a visual acuity of 20/60 or worse than in those with an acuity of 20/50
      or better.

PMID- 4062639
TI  - Simmons' tamponade shell for leaking filtration blebs.
AB  - We used the Simmons' tamponade shell to successfully treat four of five patients
      who had leaking filtration blebs after glaucoma surgery. Bleb leaks in both the
      immediate postoperative period as well as many years following surgery were
      treated. In each case, previous pressure patching had been unsuccessful.
      Permanent closure of the leaks with the shell tamponade occurred within three
      days. Use of this technique is an effective alternative to surgical repair.

PMID- 4062640
TI  - Mesectodermal leiomyoma of the ciliary body. An ultrastructural study.
AB  - Electron microscopic observation of a mesectodermal leiomyoma of the ciliary
      body, in which clear perinuclear halos were present, revealed the ultrastructural
      characteristics of smooth muscle cells, which include myofilaments with fusiform
      densities, dense attachments, external lamina, and pinocytotic vesicles. In
      addition, fibrillary cytoplasmic processes containing large numbers of
      myofilaments with fusiform densities were notably arranged in a neurogenic
      pattern when observed under a light microscope. These are characteristic of and
      specific to mesectodermal leiomyomas. Masses or cords of large, polygonal cells
      with clear halos surrounding the large, round-to-oval nuclei were found to
      contain only a few myofilaments. Such features are atypical of mesectodermal
      leiomyomas. Melanocytes were scattered throughout the tumor, providing additional
      evidence for the neural crest theory of origination of mesectodermal leiomyomas,
      since melanocytes are well-recognized descendants of the neural crest. A small
      number of lipid droplets, abundant lysosomes, and, occasionally, phagosomes were
      also observed in the cells of this mesectodermal leiomyoma.

PMID- 4062641
TI  - Cryotherapy causes extensive breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. A comparison
      with argon laser photocoagulation.
AB  - Using computerized vitreous fluorophotometry (VFP) in pigmented rabbits, we
      examined two modalities frequently used in retinal reattachment surgery,
      cryotherapy and argon laser photocoagulation, for their effect on the blood
      retinal barrier. The VFP readings were taken 2 mm posterior to the lens one hour
      after intravenous injection of 14 mg/kg of fluorescein sodium. After baseline
      fluorophotometry readings, rabbits were treated with confluent cryotherapy over
      the inferior 180 degrees in one eye and with confluent laser over an equivalent
      area of retina in the other eye. The VFP readings were taken 2, 4, 6, and 15 days
      after treatment. By day 6, the VFP reading had risen from a pretreatment value of
      6.4 +/- 0.4 ng/mL to 41.8 +/- 7.9 ng/mL in the cryotherapy-treated eyes as
      opposed to 15.5 +/- 3.1 ng/mL in the laser-treated eyes. By day 15, the readings
      were almost back to baseline, and there was no significant difference between the
      two treatment groups. These data suggest that there is a significant breakdown of
      the blood-retinal barrier with both modalities, but that it is considerably more
      severe with cryotherapy.

PMID- 4062642
TI  - Intraocular cyclophotocoagulation. Histopathologic evaluation in primates.
AB  - Intraocular cyclophotocoagulation with endoscopic visualization, following
      lensectomy and anterior vitrectomy, was performed on 14 eyes of eight rhesus
      monkeys. Two eyes received lensectomy and vitrectomy without laser treatment. One
      eye of each animal was studied one to eight months postoperatively, while the
      contralateral eyes were enucleated for study immediately after surgery.
      Histopathologic changes in the treated ciliary processes immediately after
      therapy included variable degrees of disruption in the epithelial layers and
      bleeding, while the late changes ranged from partial disruption of the epithelium
      and intrastromal pigment clumping to replacement of the processes by a fibrotic
      mass. The degree of these structural changes correlated reasonably well with the
      level of laser energy used and especially with the immediate, visible tissue
      alteration. These data may be useful in the development of clinical protocol for
      intraocular cyclophotocoagulation.

PMID- 4062643
TI  - Quantitation of corneal ablation by ultraviolet laser light.
AB  - A surgical role has been suggested for the excimer laser. This followed the
      discovery of precision etching of biological materials by the laser's ultraviolet
      emissions. In studying the amount of tissue removed as the laser energy density
      (irradiance) was varied, we found significant differences for the 193-, 249-, and
      308-nm laser emission lines. The most efficient cutting irradiance for each pulse
      appeared to be about 200 millijoules/sq cm for 193 nm, 1,000 millijoules/sq cm
      for 249 nm, and 1,500 millijoules/sq cm for 308 nm. The flat slope of the etch
      depth curve for 193 nm suggests it will be a stable frequency when used
      clinically.

PMID- 4062644
TI  - Aminoglycoside antibiotics and lysosomal enzymes of human tears.
AB  - We examined biochemically the effect of six aminoglycoside antibiotics on the
      activity of lysozyme, acid phosphatase, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in
      human tears. All six antibiotics strongly inhibited lysozyme activity, the degree
      of inhibition depending on the dose administered. Except for bekanamycin,
      antibiotics had little effect on the activity of acid phosphatase or N-acetyl
      beta-D-glucosaminidase. The nature of the inhibition was competitive. Other kinds
      of antibiotics, such as sulbenicillin or erythromycin, had no inhibitory effect
      on lysozyme, acid phosphatase, or N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. These results
      suggested that the inhibition of lysozyme by aminoglycosides is specific and that
      the decreased effectiveness of a protective system against bacterial infection in
      the eye is highly possible when aminoglycoside antibiotics are used without prior
      sensitivity testing.

PMID- 4062646
TI  - Give a priceless gift this year.

PMID- 4062645
TI  - Blindness in a Zairian city.

PMID- 4062647
TI  - Allergy and immunology training in otolaryngology residency programs.

PMID- 4062648
TI  - Nerve grafting. Functional results after primary vs delayed repair.
AB  - The finding of heightened metabolic activity in nerve cell bodies after axonal
      injury has led to speculation that delaying motor nerve repair would be
      beneficial. Using a sciatic nerve model, 100 rats were grouped based on nerve
      autograft donor and recipient site variables. Animals were subjected to
      electrophysiologic testing at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after grafting. Twitch force
      and nerve compound action potential parameters were calculated and compared using
      two-way analysis of variance. Previous studies have suggested interaction between
      donor and recipient variables. We cannot support these findings. Our data
      revealed no significant difference between immediate or delayed nerve repair or
      between fresh or predegenerated nerve grafts.

PMID- 4062649
TI  - Reliability of a sound-generating otoscope.
AB  - A sound-generating otoscope was compared with standard audiometric testing.
      Subjects of different ages and with different auditory pathologies were examined.
      The sound-generating otoscope was found to agree 92.4% of the time. Errors
      occurred more often with subjects having normal hearing. No single frequency
      delivered by the otoscope produced a significantly higher error rate than had
      been reported by other investigators. The otoscope can also be used to detect
      collapse of the external auditory meatus that might occur during regular
      audiometric testing.

PMID- 4062650
TI  - Sensorineural hearing loss in experimental purulent otitis media due to
      Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AB  - Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) has been described clinically following chronic
      otitis media with effusion, but to the best of our knowledge, no studies have
      demonstrated SNHL in an animal model of otitis media. Using the chinchilla model
      of pneumococcal otitis media, significant SNHL was demonstrated after purulent
      otitis media, especially at higher frequencies. Animals with otitis media
      received penicillin G procaine treatment for five days after otitis media with
      effusion (OME) was first documented; resolution of middle ear infection was
      confirmed by middle ear effusion culture in all animals. Both the inoculated and
      uninoculated ears were examined by tone burst-elicited compound action potential
      at threshold. The inoculated ear showed a marked hearing loss of 13 to 36 dB
      three to four days after OME was first documented; a hearing loss up to 24 dB
      persisted two to five weeks after inoculation. The change in the compound action
      potential was highly significant at all frequencies studied. Conductive losses
      were largely ruled out because there was no middle ear effusion at death and the
      tympanogram was normal. Purulent labyrinthitis was ruled out by histopathological
      study. These results indicate that purulent pneumococcal otitis media in the
      chinchilla model causes significant SNHL and suggest that the pathogenesis of
      SNHL associated with chronic OME in humans may be studied in this model.

PMID- 4062651
TI  - Brain-stem auditory-evoked potentials during lidocaine infusion in humans.
AB  - Auditory brain-stem responses (ABR) were recorded in six healthy male volunteers
      during intravenous infusion of lidocaine that achieved systemic blood levels
      similar to those seen with conduction anesthesia and antiarrhythmic therapy.
      Following an initial loading dose of lidocaine (1 mg/kg), subjects noted
      prominent tinnitus, perioral numbness, and drowsiness. All of these symptoms
      except drowsiness abated during continued infusion as blood concentrations
      reached equilibrium. All subjects noted that the click stimuli used to elicit ABR
      varied markedly in intensity and character throughout the lidocaine infusion.
      Although waves I and III were unaffected by lidocaine, wave V exhibited
      significant decreases in amplitude and increases in latency. Therefore, the more
      central components of the auditory system seem to be the prominent site of
      lidocaine's central nervous system effects.

PMID- 4062652
TI  - Inverted papilloma. Considerations in treatment.
AB  - Inverted papilloma is notorious for recurrence and occasional association with
      malignancy, leading most authors to recommend lateral rhinotomy as the initial
      surgical approach in all cases; however, conservative surgery has been reported
      effective in selected cases. To assess the role of conservative procedures, 90
      cases of inverted papilloma were retrospectively reviewed. Associated malignancy
      was rare. Conservative surgery was successful in controlling some cases, but
      often required two or three operations. All patients with clear sinus films were
      cured by a single procedure. Abnormal mitotic activity was seen in some
      aggressive lesions and some associated with malignancy. The surgical exposure in
      inverted papilloma should be adequate to ensure complete excision. Selected
      patients with localized disease can be satisfactorily managed by conservative
      procedures if they are carefully followed. All tissue should be inspected for
      possible malignancy.

PMID- 4062653
TI  - Cervical mycobacterial lymphadenitis. Medical vs surgical management.
AB  - After years in its decrease, cervical mycobacterial adenitis is once again an
      increasing problem in Los Angeles County. We reviewed 54 cases of cervical
      lymphadenopathies treated over ten years. Twenty-five (46%) of these patients
      were found to have mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis. Medical approaches often
      failed to conclusively diagnose this disease. In our series, none of the patients
      with cervical adenopathies (36%) treated only medically regressed, even after an
      average time of 18 months of antituberculosis drug treatment. The treatment of
      choice seems to be surgical excision and long-term antituberculosis drugs.
      Surgery provides a rapid tissue diagnosis and confirms the bacterial type,
      including atypical mycobacterium. This approach is simple, shortens
      hospitalization, is cost-effective, and carries a low morbidity.

PMID- 4062654
TI  - Effects of magnetic resonance imaging fields on stapedectomy prostheses.
AB  - Seven different types of widely used metallic stapedectomy prostheses were
      individually placed on a millimeter scale in a plastic Petri dish. The Petri dish
      was moved within the core and around the magnet of a 1.5-tesla magnetic resonance
      imaging unit (General Electric Sigma). No movement of any of the prostheses was
      seen. We conclude that there is no apparent danger of these prostheses becoming
      displaced in stapedectomy patients subjected to the electromagnetic fields of
      magnetic resonance imaging units.

PMID- 4062656
TI  - Laryngeal cyst of the thyroid cartilage.
AB  - Laryngeal cysts of thyroid cartilage origin are unusually rare. A patient had a
      degenerative cyst of the thyroid cartilage. This presented as a unilateral false
      cord swelling. Computed tomography helped to localize the lesion to the left
      thyroid ala. An external laryngeal approach was used for excisional biopsy, and
      this also proved to be curative. The cyst probably resulted from a traumatic
      episode 35 years earlier.

PMID- 4062655
TI  - Metabolic facial paralysis in an infant.
AB  - A 2-month-old infant developed facial paralysis with a presentation that
      masqueraded as a possible middle ear tumor. The cause of the paralysis eventually
      was related to a metabolic consequence of his underlying disorder, cystic
      fibrosis. To our knowledge, the association of vitamin A imbalance, pseudotumor
      cerebri, and facial paralysis has not previously been discussed in the
      otolaryngologic literature.

PMID- 4062657
TI  - Forehead lift.

PMID- 4062658
TI  - Irradiation after neck dissection.

PMID- 4062659
TI  - Lidocaine in the treatment of Meniere's disease.

PMID- 4062660
TI  - Chromoblastomycosis of the maxillary sinus.
AB  - We describe a rare case of chromoblastomycosis of the maxillary sinus. Biopsy
      specimens from the sinus have characteristic features under light microscopy. The
      prognosis after appropriate treatment is good and involved surgical excision for
      primary-stage infection and chemotherapy with amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine
      for advanced-stage disease. The clinical possibility of severe fungal infection
      in the head and neck region is discussed.

PMID- 4062661
TI  - Ciliary activity in patients with nasal allergies.
AB  - Nasal allergy is a disease ensuing from type-I allergic reactions in the nasal
      cavity. A correct understanding of this process requires further investigation of
      the non-allergic pathology present. In the allergic state, the function of the
      nasal cilia is considered to be involved in the invasion of allergens into the
      nasal mucosa, and may also be involved with the manifestation and progression of
      the disease produced. In the present study, we examined the ciliary activity of
      the nasal mucosa of 35 patients with nasal allergies by using the photo-electric
      method of Ohashi and Nakai to better understand the non-allergic pathologies
      present. The nasal cilia of four healthy volunteers served as controls. In
      addition, a multivalent analysis was made according to quantifying theory I in
      order to define the effects of various factors on ciliary activity in the nasal
      mucosa during the allergic state. The following results were found in our present
      study. Ciliary activity was observed in 32 of 35 patients with nasal allergy. The
      mean value of the ciliary activity in these patients was 498 +/- 195 beats/min,
      while that of the normal controls was 753 +/- 46 beats/min. The ciliary activity
      in the nasal mucosa in the allergic state declined as the morbid period was
      prolonged; this decline in ciliary activity was relatively great in cases of
      perennial allergies aggravated by season-specific allergens.

PMID- 4062663
TI  - Cochlear ototoxicity of chlorhexidine gluconate in cats.
AB  - Chlorhexidine gluconate is a derivative of chlorhexidine and is a popular
      disinfectant with a strong bactericidal action that is widely used for
      preoperative sterilization in ear surgery. The purpose of this investigation is
      to ascertain the potential ototoxicity of this agent. After topically applying
      chlorhexidine gluconate solutions to the middle ear cavities of 12 cats, we
      observed the excised cochleas using both scanning and transmission electron
      microscope studies. Either 0.05% or 2% chlorhexidine gluconate solutions were
      infused into the right ear of the test animal through one of two tubes
      chronically installed in the tympanic bullae. The left ears were utilized as
      controls and were infused with sterilized physiological saline. The solutions
      were administered once every other day for three separate infusions. Nine animals
      were decapitated 7 days after the third application, while the other three
      animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks. In the 2% chlorhexidine group, we found that
      hair cells in the organ of Corti had degenerated and had lost their hair bundles
      over a wide range. This pathology was more marked in the lower cochlear turns. In
      the animals sacrificed at 4 weeks, the injuries present seemed to have
      progressed. Even at a clinical concentration of 0.05%, chlorhexidine caused
      intracellular degeneration but with little surface damage. Our findings would
      suggest a cause of hearing loss when chlorhexidine is used clinically in the ear.

PMID- 4062662
TI  - Otoconia and neural junctions of type I hair cells in amikacin-treated guinea
      pigs presenting saccular acoustic responses.
AB  - Using the experimental guinea pig model, in which total and selective destruction
      of the cochlear receptor revealed saccular acoustic responses, ultrastructural
      observations were made on otolithic organs using electron microscopy. Scanning
      electron microscope studies of otoconia from the saccule and utricle of
      experimental animals did not show any differences with control animals.
      Quantitative and qualitative observations of sensory neural junctions of Type I
      cells also did not show any abnormality. These results confirm the extremely
      selective toxicity of amikacin for the cochlea, and thus strongly suggest that an
      acoustic reception by the saccule is a normal feature of the guinea pig inner
      ear.

PMID- 4062664
TI  - Sugar components of glycoprotein fractions in middle ear effusions.
AB  - We analyzed the sugar components of the glycoprotein fractions in human middle
      ear fluid samples by using gas chromatography. All ear effusions included serous,
      seromucinous and mucoid samples, and contained appreciable amounts of fucose,
      mannose, galactose, glucose, N-acetyl glucosamine and sialic acid. Total sugar
      content to protein was significantly higher in mucoid effusions than in serous
      effusions. Among the sugar components, the contents of sialic acid, N-acetyl
      glucosamine, fucose and galactose were much higher in the mucoid effusions. The
      data show new evidence that some glycoproteins having high proportions of sialic
      acid, N-acetyl glucosamine, fucose and galactose appear in the middle ear fluid
      of the glue ear.

PMID- 4062666
TI  - Effect of chronic alcohol consumption on progression and prognosis of type B
      hepatitis and liver cirrhosis.

PMID- 4062665
TI  - Jejunal grafts for reconstructing a phonatory neoglottis in laryngectomized
      patients.
AB  - After laryngopharyngectomy and reconstruction of the upper digestive tract, a
      free jejunal graft can be anastomosed in an isoperistaltic direction end-to-end
      to the trachea and the hypopharynx in order to form a shunt for vocal
      rehabilitation. Following placement of the shunt, no special care is required nor
      does any patient show any aspiration. Because of a low-flow resistance of the
      shunt, patients so treated possess long-lasting phonation with loud and modulated
      voices.

PMID- 4062667
TI  - [Disulfiram-induced drop attack].

PMID- 4062668
TI  - [Proposal for the treatment of the alcoholics without motivation to abstinence;
      discussions through the experience of alcoholism out-patients clinic in Matsuzawa
      Hospital].

PMID- 4062669
TI  - [Serum holo and apo type activity of mitochondrial GOT in patients with alcoholic
      liver disease--with special reference to alcoholic fatty liver].

PMID- 4062670
TI  - [Clinico-physiological study on alcoholics--a comparative study of simple,
      complex and pathological intoxications].

PMID- 4062671
TI  - [Alteration of serum free amino acid and alpha-keto acid levels after the oral
      ingestion of alcohol. An evaluation of healthy subjects].

PMID- 4062672
TI  - [CSF neurochemical alterations during alcohol withdrawal].

PMID- 4062673
TI  - [Survey on the actual condition of ex-alcoholics--by using the questionnaire to
      the members of "Danshukai" in Shizuoka prefecture].

PMID- 4062674
TI  - [The factors associated with mortality in male alcoholics. The results of a 5
      year follow-up study].

PMID- 4062675
TI  - Sleep apnea syndrome associated with alcoholism.

PMID- 4062676
TI  - [The twentieth conference of Japanese Medical Society of Alcohol studies.
      Proceedings. Kyoto, October 3-5, 1985. Abstracts].

PMID- 4062677
TI  - Stress and anxiety.

PMID- 4062678
TI  - Classification of anxiety and phobic disorders.

PMID- 4062679
TI  - Nuclear war: the ultimate threat.

PMID- 4062680
TI  - An approach to stress and anxiety in general practice.

PMID- 4062681
TI  - Medical problems in marathons.

PMID- 4062682
TI  - Confidentiality.

PMID- 4062683
TI  - General practice manpower in Sydney 1983.

PMID- 4062684
TI  - Is bad luck genetically determined?

PMID- 4062685
TI  - Spinal manipulation for doctors. Unit 9.

PMID- 4062686
TI  - No lead in his pencil. An authentic case history from Australian general
      practice.

PMID- 4062687
TI  - Dyslexia: the rise and fall.

PMID- 4062688
TI  - Health workers in the Australian outback.

PMID- 4062689
TI  - Headache: the effect of household configuration.

PMID- 4062690
TI  - Exercise and the role of exercise testing.

PMID- 4062691
TI  - Seasonal changes in LH secretion in normal ewes and ewes which grazed oestrogenic
      clover.
AB  - Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were measured in normal (control)
      Corriedale X Merino (comeback) ewes and in clover-infertile comeback ewes which
      had grazed oestrogenic Yarloop clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. cv. Yarloop) for
      more than 4 years. Plasma LH concentrations were measured in samples taken at 20
      min intervals for 6 h during the dioestrous stage of the oestrous cycle in the
      breeding season (BS) and during the anoestrous season (AS). In the control ewes
      during BS, transitory elevation in plasma LH concentration (pulses) occurred,
      reflecting secretory episodes, with a frequency of one per 5.2 h. This frequency
      fell to one per 16.5 h during the anoestrous season. In clover-infertile ewes, LH
      pulses occurred with a frequency of one per 4.5 h during BS and one per 4.9 h
      during AS (difference not significant). In the controls, plasma LH levels were
      higher (P less than 0.05) during BS (mean +/- s.d. = 1.2 +/- 0.4 ng/ml, n = 9)
      than in AS (0.7 +/- 0.3 ng/ml, n = 5). In the clover-infertile ewes, plasma LH
      levels in BS (1.3 +/- 0.6 ng/ml, n = 12) were similar to those of controls.
      During AS, plasma LH levels in the clover-infertile ewes (1.0 +/- 0.6 ng/ml, n =
      10) remained similar to their BS levels, being significantly (P less than 0.05)
      higher than LH levels in the controls at this time. These studies indicate that
      the higher plasma concentrations of LH which have been reported in clover
      infertile ewes arise from more frequent LH pulses. Furthermore, in contrast to
      normal ewes, average plasma LH, reflecting pulse frequency, is not reduced in AS.
      This supports the view that ingestion of phytooestrogens affects neural centres
      involved in regulating LH secretion.

PMID- 4062692
TI  - Three-dimensional structure of goose-type lysozyme from the egg white of the
      Australian black swan, Cygnus atratus.
AB  - The egg white of C. atratus contains two forms of lysozyme, a 'chick-type' which
      is similar to that found in the egg white of the domestic hen, and a 'goose-type'
      similar to that found in the egg white of the Embden goose. The molecular
      structure of the goose-type lysozyme has been determined at a resolution of a 2.8
      A by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The structure consists of two domains
      linked by a long stretch of alpha-helix. In all, there are seven helical segments
      in the structure. While there is no amino acid sequence homology with either hen
      egg-white or bacteriophage T4 lysozymes, there are portions of the structure
      where the folding of the main chain is similar to that found in portions of
      either hen egg-white lysozyme or T4 lysozyme or both. In particular, there is a
      consistency of structure in the arrangement of acid groups in the catalytic site.
      G-o plots calculated for this structure and for the bacteriophage T4 lysozyme
      structure show that both have similar 'modules' of structure with boundaries
      occurring at structurally equivalent positions. Three of the common boundaries
      are equivalent structurally to three of the four module boundaries observed in G
      o plots of hen egg-white lysozyme. The variation in the position of the remaining
      boundary may be related to differences in substrate binding.

PMID- 4062693
TI  - Essential fatty acids in the fetal and newborn lamb.
AB  - The concentrations of linoleic and linolenic acids and their metabolites in the
      liver, kidney, brain, erythrocytes and plasma of fetal lambs at various stages of
      gestation, and of newborn and 2-week-old suckled lambs was determined. Throughout
      gestation the fetal tissues, erythrocytes and plasma all contained low levels of
      linoleic and linolenic acids together with consistently high levels of their long
      chain polyunsaturated metabolites. The triene: tetraene (eicosa-5,8,11-trienoic
      acid/arachidonic acid) ratio was always 0.4 or less except at birth when it
      reached 0.6 in liver and 0.9 in plasma. Milk intake significantly increased the
      linoleic and linolenic acid levels in the lamb by 2 weeks after birth. These
      results show that the developing fetal lamb should not be regarded as being
      deficient in essential fatty acids, as suggested by previous investigators. It is
      proposed that the total metabolites of linoleic and linolenic acids are the most
      appropriate measure of the essential fatty acid status of the fetal lamb.

PMID- 4062694
TI  - Triacylglycerol lipase activities of cultured rat L6 myoblasts.
AB  - The utilization of exogenous triacylglycerol by fusing and non-fusing rat L6
      myoblasts grown in culture was investigated. Although small quantities of
      triacylglycerol were accumulated by both cell lines during an incubation of 2 h,
      no evidence could be found for the presence of lipoprotein lipase, either in the
      cells or released into the medium. Cell homogenate studies confirmed the absence
      of lipoprotein lipase but revealed the presence of an acid lipase having a pH
      optimum at 4.6. Acid lipase activity was mainly associated with a 15 000 g pellet
      and was capable of hydrolysing triolein at maximum velocity in the millimolar
      range. Unlike lipoprotein lipase, acid lipase was strongly inhibited by serum and
      preliminary investigations suggest that the inhibitory component of serum is
      located amongst the higher density lipoproteins. It is likely that the acid
      lipase is of lysosomal origin and is responsible for the hydrolysis of
      internalized triacylglycerol for subsequent utilization by the cell.

PMID- 4062695
TI  - DNA synthesis in relation to hyphal branching and wall composition in Allomyces
      macrogynus.
AB  - In A. macrogynus the first replication of DNA occurred after germination, at the
      time of the first branching of rhizoids. Before the second replication galactan
      in the wall exceeded the glucan content and was not firmly attached. After the
      second DNA replication hyphal lengthening commenced with an increase in the
      content of glucan but the walls lacked rigidity. At the time of the third
      replication walls underwent a change which commenced at the hyphal tip and worked
      back to the rhizoids, converting the hyphae to a rigid, cylindrical shape.
      Branching commenced after the fourth replication of DNA. Multiple branching
      occurred when mature plants were transferred to glucose-histidine-methionine
      solution without further DNA synthesis. Hyphal branching was used to show that A.
      macrogynus was able to use methionine, methionine sulfoxide, methionine sulfone,
      sodium sulfide, cysteine, cystathionine and homocysteine but not cystine.
      Thioacetamide supported growth through many subcultures showing that A.
      macrogynus can synthesize its sulfur amino acids.

PMID- 4062696
TI  - Dictyate oocytes of a kangaroo (Macropus robustus) show paternal inactivation at
      the X-linked Gpd locus.
AB  - Purified samples of large numbers of dictyate oocytes from 13 M. robustus pouch
      young heterozygous for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase type and six homozygous
      controls were examined electrophoretically to determine activity states at the
      Gpd locus. Like somatic cortical and medullary cells, oocytes expressed only the
      maternal phenotype irrespective of the direction of the cross. No evidence was
      found of reactivation of the inactive (paternal) allele or inactivation of both
      maternal and paternal alleles. It was therefore concluded that unlike eutherian
      dictyate oocytes, only a single (maternal) allele is active in each dictyate
      oocyte in M. robustus. The stage of reactivation of the paternal allele remains
      to be determined.

PMID- 4062697
TI  - Movement of water within the body of sheep fed at maintenance under thermoneutral
      conditions.
AB  - Two mature Border Leicester x Merino wethers were maintained with continuous
      feeding under thermoneutral conditions. Their water balance was recorded for 2
      weeks; at the beginning of each week they were given a dose of tritiated water
      (TOH) into the pulmonary artery or the rumen and samples were taken from both the
      pulmonary artery and the rumen. A four-compartment model was developed which
      simultaneously fitted the balance and tracer data. The half-time of TOH in body
      water was 6.7 days for one sheep and 7.6 days for the other; TOH space was about
      55% of liveweight in both sheep. The bidirectional flux of water between the
      plasma-accessible compartment and 'bound' intracellular water averaged 45 litres
      per hour and that between plasma-accessible water and rumen water averaged 3.2
      litres per hour. The mean residence times of a water molecule in the rumen were,
      for the two sheep, 60 and 63 min and the time constants for flow from the rumen
      were 12.3 and 13.4 h. Consideration of the rumen water balance suggested that
      there was net movement of water from the rumen to the plasma at about 200 ml/h;
      diffusion accounted for 86% of the influx to and 92% of the efflux from the
      rumen.

PMID- 4062698
TI  - Partitioning of nutrients in merino ewes. II. Glucose utilization by skeletal
      muscle, the pregnant uterus and the lactating mammary gland in relation to whole
      body glucose utilization.
AB  - The net uptake and oxidation of glucose by leg muscle, pregnant uterus, and
      lactating mammary gland, together with the rate of irreversible loss and
      oxidation of glucose in the whole body of Merino ewes are reported. The ewes were
      fed on either chaffed oaten hay (OH), chaffed lucerne hay (L), or a mixture of
      chaffed oaten and lucerne hays (OHL). Measurements were made during five
      different physiological states: dry (nonpregnant), at 94 and 125 days of
      pregnancy, and at 20 and 50 days after lambing. Whole body glucose irreversible
      loss was related significantly to intake of metabolizable energy and fleece-free
      maternal body weight and this relation was the same in dry, pregnant and
      lactating ewes. The proportion of glucose oxidized in the whole body was
      unaffected by diet, but was lower in pregnant than in dry or lactating ewes. Some
      6% of whole body carbon dioxide (CO2) production was derived from oxidation of
      glucose, and in ewes eating the OH diet this proportion was lower than for ewes
      fed on other diets. The proportion of CO2 derived from glucose was lower in
      pregnant ewes than in dry and lactating ewes. Leg (muscle) glucose uptake was
      lower in ewes fed on the OH diet than in ewes given the other diets. This arose
      partly because of decreased blood flow to the leg in ewes fed OH. Muscle glucose
      uptake, corrected for lactate output, accounted for 20, 44 and 34% of glucose
      irreversible loss in ewes fed OH, OHL and L respectively. There was no
      significant effect of physiological state on glucose uptake by leg muscle. The
      maximum contribution glucose uptake, corrected for output of lactate, could make
      to leg muscle oxygen consumption was 31% and there were no differences due to
      diet or physiological state. Uterine glucose uptake was 10.5 mg min-1 kg-1, and
      was unaffected by diet and stage of pregnancy. Glucose uptake was maintained,
      despite a decline in blood flow per kilogram of uterus from 399 to 237 ml min-1
      kg-1, between 94 and 125 days of pregnancy by an increase in arteriovenous
      difference of glucose over the same period from 2.8 to 4.4 mg 100 ml-1. Total
      uptake of glucose by the uterus increased from 26 to 47 mg min-1 between 94 and
      125 days of pregnancy. The proportion of glucose irreversible loss accounted for
      by uterine uptake increased from 46 to 65% between 94 and 125 days, and was
      greater for ewes fed OH (84%) than L (46%) at 125 days of pregnancy. A maximum of
      71% of milk lactose could have been derived directly from glucose; 17% of glucose
      taken up by the mammary gland was oxidized, contributing to 20% of mammary CO2
      output. Mammary glucose uptake was lower in ewes fed OH than in ewes fed the
      other diets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4062699
TI  - Peripheral blood white cell responses during concurrent copper deficiency and
      gastro-intestinal nematodiasis in sheep.
AB  - Sheep experimentally depleted of copper (Cu) and infected with Trichostrongylus
      axei and Trichostrongylus colubriformis were studied for changes in white blood
      cell (WBC) populations, anti-parasite antibody responses and in vitro
      proliferative response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and
      Trichostrongylus spp. antigens. Increases in circulating total WBC, lymphocyte,
      monocyte and neutrophil leucocyte numbers had a bimodal distribution which was
      related to the different developmental stages of the nematode. Eosinophil
      leucocyte numbers were generally lower than those of uninfected control sheep and
      could be associated with parasite-induced selective unresponsiveness of PHA
      responsive cells. The in vitro blastogenic responses of lymphocytes to PHA
      stimulation increased rapidly soon after infection, reaching a peak at 2 weeks,
      but then declined rapidly and from 5 weeks after infection responses to PHA were
      barely detectable. The patterns of proliferative response against LPS and
      Trichostrongylus spp. antigens were identical and correlated with the appearance
      of anti-parasite antibodies in the serum. These last three responses reached
      their maxima 5 weeks after infection and then stabilized at a plateau around peak
      levels. It was concluded that, although the changes in the host immune response
      could not be consistently associated with interactions between Cu deficiency and
      infection, the results nevertheless suggest that Cu, as a micro-nutrient, has a
      role in the mechanism of cell-mediated immunity in sheep infected with
      Trichostrongylus spp.

PMID- 4062700
TI  - The effect of diet on systemic immune responses to wheat gliadin.
AB  - These studies examined the influence of gluten ingestion on the murine immune
      response to this cereal antigen. The results demonstrated that the level of
      specific antibody in the serum of mice immunised with gliadin is markedly reduced
      when gluten is present in the diet on which the animals were raised. Serum
      antibody concentrations in the gluten-free (G-F) mice were between 10- and 50
      fold greater than those in the standard (STD) mice. The suppression of the
      antibody response to gliadin in the gluten-fed mice appeared to be antigen
      specific, as STD mice responded normally to unrelated antigens such as sheep red
      blood cells (SRBC). This hyporesponsiveness towards gliadin develops very early
      in the animals' life. We suggest that this may occur through the transfer of
      small immunogenic fragments from mothers to their offspring either in utero or
      post-natally in the milk.

PMID- 4062701
TI  - Cross-reaction of a monoclonal antibody with fibroblasts from marsupials of the
      Macropodidae and Tarsipedidae families.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody, GA-1, was prepared against an M. rufogriseus cell surface
      antigen on an M. rufogriseus (red necked wallaby)--mouse somatic cell hybrid.
      Fibroblasts from a number of marsupial species were tested for reaction with GA
      1, and only those from the Macropodidae species and the sole member of the family
      Tarsipedidae reacted, indicating that the Tarsipedidae is possibly more closely
      related to the Macropodidae than to any other group of marsupials examined.

PMID- 4062702
TI  - Vaso-active intestinal peptide: a neurotransmitter which reduces human NK cell
      activity and increases Ig synthesis.
AB  - The effect of vaso-active intestinal peptide (VIP) on natural killer (NK) cell
      activity and immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro has been studied. At a
      concentration of 10(-6)M, VIP significantly inhibited the NK cell activity of
      normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) on K562 target cells. The
      concentration of IgG, IgA and IgM in the supernatants of pokeweed mitogen
      stimulated PBMC was increased when VIP was added at the beginning of the culture
      period. It is possible that VIP may influence immune responses in the intestinal
      tract, where it is a neurotransmitter and is found in high concentrations.

PMID- 4062703
TI  - A cytogenetic study of subcutaneous murine macrophages and multinucleate giant
      cells.
AB  - Macrophages and multinucleate giant cells (MGC), collected by subcutaneous
      implantation of melinex discs into the dorsum of mice for 7 days, were examined
      cytogenetically. Two per cent of the metaphases seen were polyploid and were
      considered to represent dividing MGC. Twenty-two per cent of the diploid
      metaphases showed chromosomal damage. Seventy per cent of damage consisted of
      chromosomal gaps, but the remaining 30% consisted of breaks and chromosomal
      fragments which would lead to unbalanced karyotypes in the next generation. More
      than 50% of the polyploid metaphases analysed had chromosomal damage, including
      16.6% which displayed premature chromatin condensation, the damage being more
      severe in polyploid than in diploid metaphases. The chromosomal damage parallels
      that previously reported in resident peritoneal macrophages and in cultured
      exudate macrophages. The cause of such damage is unclear, but it was concluded
      that, because of the extent of damage, mitosis is unlikely to play a major part
      in the maintenance of macrophages or MGC at inflammatory sites.

PMID- 4062704
TI  - Video display terminals--should operators be concerned?

PMID- 4062705
TI  - A microcomputer based approach to the quantification of facial expressions.

PMID- 4062706
TI  - Medical technology acquisition in hospitals.

PMID- 4062707
TI  - Conditioning of the visual evoked potential using a LED stimulator.

PMID- 4062708
TI  - A computer model of ventricular electrical activity and its application to
      ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 4062709
TI  - Delineation of hospital roles in paediatric care.

PMID- 4062710
TI  - The ritual school health examination: an idea whose time has passed?

PMID- 4062711
TI  - Health screening at school entry--what is achieved?
AB  - Evaluative research on screening in school children is needed because of a lack
      of studies about its effectiveness. This paper reports a study of the school
      medical records of 790 children, aged 5-6 years, first screened in 1980. Sixty
      six per cent of the parents of children who were notified of an abnormality in
      their child were followed up to determine subsequent action. Although a complete
      physical examination had been performed, 87% of all notified abnormalities
      involved vision (including squint), hearing and dental problems. The prevalence
      rate of previously unknown health problems (excluding dental problems) confirmed
      by another health professional was 5%. This rate was lowered to 2% when only
      children with moderate or severe problems presently receiving treatment were
      included. Some of the practical problems and importance of screening are
      discussed.

PMID- 4062712
TI  - A multidisciplinary approach to the management of psychosocial admissions to a
      general paediatric ward.
AB  - This study investigated the characteristics of all new in-patients with major
      psychological and/or social problems admitted to a medical ward over a 4-week
      period. Fifteen successive patients were studied prospectively. The professional
      time spent by the medical and paramedical personnel involved in the initial
      assessment and management was reviewed, and the children followed-up 6 months
      later. The study found that the patients readily fell into two major groups.
      Group I were infants and children who had been maltreated or were at risk for
      child abuse. Group II were older children who presented with psychosomatic
      symptoms arising from disturbed family or environmental backgrounds. The medical,
      psychiatric and social work input was considerable for both groups (19 vs 27 h
      per patient respectively). Their hospital stay was prolonged (15 vs 21 days
      respectively; the hospital average was 4.4 days). The outcome differed in the two
      groups. Patients in Group I failed to attend follow-up appointments in most cases
      unless such attendance was legally mandatory. In contrast, Group II patients
      usually kept their follow-up appointments, the intervention generally being
      successful.

PMID- 4062713
TI  - Complement C8 deficiency with recurrent meningococcemia: examination of
      meningococcal opsonization.
AB  - A 10 year old girl presented with recurrent febrile episodes over 2 months. A non
      typable strain of Neisseria meningitidis was grown from blood cultures on three
      occasions. She was found to lack functional C8 activity in serum but material
      with C8 antigenic activity was present. The opsonic activity of the C8 deficient
      serum for N. meningitidis was equivalent to that of normal controls.

PMID- 4062714
TI  - A comparative study of the inhaled dry powders of salbutamol and fenoterol and
      their delivery systems.
AB  - A study was designed to establish whether there was a difference in response to
      inhaled salbutamol powder (400 micrograms) and fenoterol powder (200 micrograms)
      and whether the specific inhaler devices were a contributing factor. In the study
      of 40 children no significant difference could be attributed to the devices, but
      the salbutamol treated group had a marginally better response in two parameters
      of lung function.

PMID- 4062715
TI  - Post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus in the preterm infant.
AB  - This prospective study documents the incidence, clinical features and risk
      factors for post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) as well as the short-term
      outcome after serial CSF taps. Serial real-time ultrasound scans were performed
      on 220 infants: on all admissions less than or equal to 1250 g and on an
      additional 130 infants with birthweights greater than 1250 g with risk factors
      for intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH). Based on percentile charts of postnatal
      increase in ventricular size and head circumference growth rate, PHH was defined
      as ventricular dilatation greater than 95th centile associated with either a head
      circumference growth greater than 95th centile or with clinical features of
      raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Forty-eight (22%) infants were found to have
      IVH of whom 14 had intracerebral extension of IVH. Sixteen (40%) of 40 infants
      who survived the acute episode of IVH developed PHH. PHH occurred more commonly
      in those who survived severe birth asphyxia and/or intracerebral extension of
      IVH. Fifteen infants who developed clinical features of raised ICP were treated
      with serial CSF taps. This procedure was effective in a staged treatment for PHH
      in relieving clinical symptoms and deferring ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunting.
      Morbidity associated with serial CSF taps and VP shunting is minimal. A high red
      cell count and protein concentration in the CSF at diagnosis of PHH identified
      all five infants who subsequently required VP shunting.

PMID- 4062716
TI  - Indomethacin therapy of patent ductus in preterm infants controlled by plasma
      levels.
AB  - Indomethacin was given by suppository to 18 neonates for the treatment of patent
      ductus arteriosus. The plasma levels of the drug were measured by high pressure
      liquid chromatography. Permanent closure of the ductus was achieved in 12 of 21
      treatments and took up to 48 h. Successful treatment was strongly associated with
      a plasma indomethacin level greater than 0.5 micrograms/ml in the 8 h after a
      dose. Decreased urinary output was more likely at the same level, but was also
      found with substantially lower figures. It is suggested that indomethacin therapy
      for patent ductus should be rationalized by measurement of the plasma level.

PMID- 4062717
TI  - Comparison of hydrometry, refractometry, osmometry and Ames N-Multistix SG in
      estimation of urinary concentration.
AB  - The four currently available methods used for estimating urinary concentration
      were assessed. One hundred and fifty urine specimens were collected and 130 were
      measured. Twenty were excluded as they contained protein and/or glucose. The
      volume of 41 samples was inadequate for hydrometry. In urines not containing
      dissolved macromolecules, hydrometry, refractometry and osmolality reliably
      reflect the degree of concentration. Except at the extremes, the reagent strip on
      N-Multistix SG is not a reliable indicator of specific gravity. In a children's
      Hospital, one-third of urine specimens will be of insufficient volume for
      standard hydrometry.

PMID- 4062718
TI  - Pyloric stenosis: a postoperative ultrasonic study.
AB  - Six infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and 20 control infants were
      studied ultrasonically on four occasions during the first year of life. At each
      examination the total diameter and muscle wall thickness of the pylorus were
      measured. Initially the pylorus was significantly (P less than 0.05) larger in
      the hypertrophic pyloric stenosis group but returned to normal values by 6 months
      postoperation. The control group showed a small increase in size of the pylorus
      over the 12 month period.

PMID- 4062719
TI  - Chlormethiazole: an effective oral sedative for cranial CT scans in children.
AB  - Oral chlormethiazole was assessed as an alternative form of sedation for cranial
      computerized axial tomography in children aged 0-9 years. It was found to be
      highly effective with a rapid onset of action, brief period of action and no side
      effects. It was found to be preferable to intramuscular lytic cocktail, being
      particularly suitable for day cases. Chlormethiazole might lend itself to use in
      other non-painful procedures in childhood.

PMID- 4062720
TI  - Progressive diaphyseal dysplasia mimicking childhood myopathy: clinical and
      biochemical response to prednisolone.
AB  - Two siblings presented with symptoms suggestive of myopathy: the true diagnosis
      of Engelmann's disease was delayed until X-rays revealed the characteristic
      sclerosis and widening of long bone diaphyses. Dominant inheritance from their
      father had not been suspected because of his lack of symptoms. Biochemical
      studies of bone metabolism did not elucidate the underlying mechanism.
      Prednisolone dramatically improved the clinical condition, particularly in the
      more severely affected child. While research into the biochemical basis must
      continue, paediatricians should remember to X-ray the long bones of 'myopathic'
      children, and offer steroids when the clinical condition warrants.

PMID- 4062721
TI  - Endocardial fibroelastosis and infantile polycystic disease.
AB  - A child with infantile polycystic disease who developed cardiac failure from
      endocardial fibroelastosis is described. Endocardial fibroelastosis has been
      reported in adult type polycystic disease in childhood. Endocardial
      fibroelastosis should be suspected in a child with polycystic disease who
      develops unexplained cardiac failure.

PMID- 4062722
TI  - Late development of airway obstruction in the Robin anomalad (Pierre Robin
      syndrome) in the newborn.
AB  - A survey of the records of 26 consecutive cases of the Robin anomalad, admitted
      in the first year of life, was undertaken to review the time at which airway
      obstruction was first noted to occur after birth. Sixteen cases required active
      treatment for episodes of airway obstruction associated with cyanosis. Of these,
      11 developed obstruction on the first day of life, but five did not obstruct
      until later (3-21 days). Two infants, both from the early presentation group,
      died as a result of airway obstruction at 13 and 95 days of age. Management
      techniques varied over the 11 year period studied, and included prone nursing,
      body frame, naso-tracheal intubation, nasopharyngeal intubation, and lip tongue
      anastamosis. Tracheostomy was not performed on any case. There is a significant
      risk of major airway embarrassment in this disorder (16 of 25, 62%) even if the
      infant seems initially well (five of 26, 18%). Early management of infants with
      the Robin anomalad should, therefore, be undertaken at centres where skilled
      airway support is available.

PMID- 4062723
TI  - Hereditary pancreatitis presenting in childhood: case report with family studies.
AB  - A 12-year-old boy presented with recurrent abdominal pain and failure to thrive
      and was shown to have chronic calcific pancreatitis. Investigations failed to
      show any of the demonstrable causes of pancreatitis, but on family study four
      close paternal relatives were found to have had chronic pancreatitis, three with
      radiological calcification. No definable cause for pancreatitis had been
      determined in any of these relatives.

PMID- 4062724
TI  - Changes in the synovia after the intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate
      into normal horse joints and after arthrotomy and experimental cartilage damage.
AB  - Sodium hyaluronate was injected into normal horse joints and joints that had
      undergone an arthrotomy and experimental cartilage damage. The elimination half
      life for hyaluronic acid in normal joints was found to be approximately 96 h. The
      injection caused a non-significant increase (42%) in synovial fluid protein
      concentration and a fall in the intrinsic viscosity of the fluid. In the
      arthrotomy group the synovial fluid hyaluronic acid concentration fell after
      surgery but it was unaffected by the injection of sodium hyaluronate. An initial
      rise in the intrinsic viscosity of the synovial fluid from the arthrotomy group
      coincided with an increase in protein concentration. However there was no
      significant difference between the mean intrinsic viscosity or protein
      concentration in synovia from the control and treated joints at any time after
      surgery.

PMID- 4062725
TI  - An investigation, in vitro, of the actions of three Western Australian snakes on
      the blood coagulation of the dog, cat, horse and wallaby.
AB  - Venoms of the tiger snake and brown snake were procoagulant, in vitro, when
      tested with cat, dog, horse and wallaby plasma. In the absence of calcium and
      phospholipid the coagulant activity of tiger snake venom was minimal. In
      contrast, brown snake venom alone had marked procoagulant activity. This
      activity, however, was enhanced by the presence of calcium and phospholipid.
      Death adder venom exerted an anticoagulant effect. Apparent species' differences
      in susceptibility to the coagulant venoms were noted. However, the probable
      explanation of these differences was attributed to variation in the control
      values of the special studies rather than to a difference in the postulated
      actions of the venoms on prothrombin. A possible role for clotting studies in
      suspected snake bite in veterinary practice is suggested.

PMID- 4062726
TI  - Helminths of dogs and cats determined by faecal examinations in Adelaide, South
      Australia.

PMID- 4062727
TI  - Welfare and behavioural problems in domestic animals: a systematic approach.

PMID- 4062728
TI  - Echinococcus granulosus in a fox.

PMID- 4062729
TI  - Onchocerca gutturosa in an Australian camel.

PMID- 4062730
TI  - Trombidiosis in cats.

PMID- 4062731
TI  - Ocular lesions in slaughtered cattle in Queensland.

PMID- 4062732
TI  - Discovery of the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis in Western Australia.

PMID- 4062733
TI  - Isolation of Mycoplasma spumans from polyarthritis in a greyhound.

PMID- 4062734
TI  - Intoxication of horses by lolitrem B in ryegrass seed cleanings.

PMID- 4062735
TI  - An episode of acute selenium toxicity in a commercial piggery.

PMID- 4062736
TI  - Kangaroos and wallabies as carriers of Basidiobolus haptosporus.

PMID- 4062737
TI  - The significance of leptospiral titres associated with bovine abortion.
AB  - To investigate relationships between serological titres to 2 serovars, pomona (L.
      pomona) and hardjo (L. hardjo), of Leptospira interrogans and abortions, log
      linear and logit models were fitted to herd and individual cow data from cattle
      serologically negative for brucellosis. Serological titres to both serovars were
      significantly related to abortions in individual cows, with L. pomona having a
      stronger relationship than L. hardjo. L. hardjo was not significant when herd
      data were analysed. Differences between dairy and beef cattle in the serological
      titres found to both L. pomona and L. hardjo were detected when data sets of all
      cattle or cattle with no history of abortion were analysed. The beef/dairy
      differences may be due to different management practices and/or to different
      geographical distributions of both serovars and populations of beef and dairy
      cattle. If there are no cattle in a herd with a reciprocal titre of 3000 or
      greater for L. pomona, it is unlikely that L. pomona is associated with the
      abortion problem. There was no specific L. hardjo titre which separated high and
      low probabilities that the serum came from a cow or herd with an abortion
      history.

PMID- 4062738
TI  - Experimental infection of goats with Brucella ovis.
AB  - Six goats were inoculated with Brucella ovis. Two goats were inoculated with
      infected semen by the intratesticular route and 2 each by installation of the
      semen on to the nasal or preputial epithelium. All goats produced antibody
      responses as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure
      and the serums of 5 goats reacted in complement fixation tests for B. ovis. The 2
      goats inoculated by the intratesticular route and one receiving B. ovis instilled
      intranasally subsequently excreted B. ovis in their semen. The possibility of
      natural transmission is discussed.

PMID- 4062739
TI  - Epidemiological features of snail and slug bait poisoning in dogs and cats.
AB  - Snail and slug baits were the most common cause of poisoning in dogs and cats in
      a survey of 34 veterinary practices. During a 7-month period, 280 dogs and 12
      cats were poisoned by metaldehyde (57%) or methiocarb (43%) containing baits with
      case fatality rates of 8.1% and 9.1% in dogs and 16.7% and 50% in cats,
      respectively. The ages of poisoned dogs ranged from 2 months to 17 years and cats
      from 3 months to 5 years. There was no decrease in frequency of poisoning or case
      fatality rate demonstrated with increasing body size in dogs. Poisoning was most
      frequent in the month of October. Baits were eaten off the ground or obtained
      from storage areas, often despite a variety of preventive measures. It is
      suggested that these products should be reformulated to make them less attractive
      to domestic pets.

PMID- 4062740
TI  - Use of histidine dipeptides and myoglobin to monitor adulteration of cooked beef
      with meat from other species.
AB  - A new high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to monitor
      the adulteration of cooked beef products with meat from other species. The ratio
      of the histidine dipeptides anserine and carnosine which are present in skeletal
      muscle, are so different between sheep, cattle, horse and kangaroo that detection
      of adulteration can be rapidly achieved by chromatography on a Partisil-10 SCX
      column with 0.2 M lithium formate, pH 2.9. To obtain a definitive identification
      of the adulterant it was necessary to also examine the electrophoretic mobility
      of myoglobin in sodium dodecylsulphate gels. One brand of "beefsteak" pie was
      found to actually be a mixture of mutton and beef.

PMID- 4062741
TI  - A transient ataxia of sheep associated with the ingestion of Tribulus micrococcus
      (yellow vine).

PMID- 4062742
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis of the respiratory tract in a pheasant.

PMID- 4062743
TI  - The use of plasma beta-mannosidase activity for the detection of goats
      heterozygous for beta-mannosidosis.

PMID- 4062744
TI  - A pilot survey into hydatid disease incidence levels in sheep and cattle of New
      South Wales.

PMID- 4062745
TI  - Androgens in women: source, nature and investigation.

PMID- 4062746
TI  - Isolation of Dermatophilus congolensis from two New Zealand cases of pitted
      keratolysis.

PMID- 4062747
TI  - Generalized lichen nitidus: a case report.

PMID- 4062748
TI  - Immune suppression by ultraviolet radiation and its role in ultraviolet radiation
      induced carcinogenesis in mice.

PMID- 4062749
TI  - Greasy scaling pityriasis amiantacea and alopecia: a syndrome in search of a
      cause.

PMID- 4062750
TI  - UV-B phototherapy for pityriasis lichenoides.

PMID- 4062752
TI  - Radiotherapy of brain tumours.

PMID- 4062751
TI  - Surgery for brain tumours--present limits.

PMID- 4062753
TI  - The empty internal auditory canal.

PMID- 4062754
TI  - Treatment of adenocarcinoma of the paranasal sinuses in Tasmania.

PMID- 4062755
TI  - Radiological appearances of primary lung cancer in aboriginals of the Northern
      Territory of Australia.

PMID- 4062756
TI  - Intra-abdominal pathology presenting as thoracic aortic dissection.

PMID- 4062757
TI  - Transmesocolic herniation of small bowel following colonic interposition.

PMID- 4062758
TI  - Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome I (report of 8 cases).

PMID- 4062759
TI  - Bilateral glenoid dysplasia (report of 8 cases).

PMID- 4062760
TI  - Malignant schwannoma with rapid progression: a case report.

PMID- 4062761
TI  - Iodamide meglumine as a contrast medium for intravenous urography.

PMID- 4062762
TI  - Brain tumours and cerebral oedema: a short review.

PMID- 4062763
TI  - CT imaging of brain tumours: a simple approach.

PMID- 4062764
TI  - The impact of life events on pilots: an extension of Alkov's approach.
AB  - Recent psychological thinking has expressed dissatisfaction with life events/life
      changes research. The cornerstone of such research in aviation studies is the
      work of Alkov. We adapted Alkov's approach and used it to see if we could extend
      our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the life events/accident and
      incident relationship. Alkov's 22-item questionnaire was expanded and
      administered by post as part of a much larger study. Replies were received from
      442 commercial pilots working for British companies. Multivariate analysis
      revealed that the pilots merely regarded the 22 items as comprising three trends-
      Emotional Losses, Pilot Characteristics, and Emotional Gains. The overall
      conclusion proposes that, while Alkov's approach is interesting, expansion of it
      reveals that background contextual factors should be examined. Additionally,
      pilots' perception of the effects of life events on accident/incident potential
      is made on relatively broad discriminations, rather than on finely tuned
      judgements.

PMID- 4062765
TI  - The effects of mild hypoxia on a logical reasoning task.
AB  - In an attempt to replicate the findings of Crow and Kelman (1969) and Denison et
      al. (1966), which suggest that the performance of novel tasks can be impaired at
      altitudes below 3,050 m, 150 subjects were divided into five independent groups
      and their performance tested on a logical reasoning task. One group was tested at
      ground level in a lecture room; the remaining groups were tested in a
      decompression chamber, one at 305 m, one at 2,440 m, one at 3,050 m and one at
      3,660 m. Significant differences were identified between the 'lecture room' and
      'chamber' groups in both speed of work and error rate (p less than 0.05); this
      finding is interpreted as the effect of apprehension on the naive subjects. A
      significant difference was found between the group tested at 3660 m and the
      remaining groups for error rate (p less than 0.05); this finding is interpreted
      as the effect of apprehension on the naive subjects. A significant difference was
      found between the group tested at 3660 m and the remaining groups for error rate
      (p less than 0.05) but not for speed of work. However, no effect of altitude on
      the way in which the task was learned could be demonstrated.

PMID- 4062766
TI  - Calcified hematoma of the greater omentum in an F-15 fighter pilot.
AB  - A high performance aircraft test pilot who presented with acalculous
      cholecystitis was found to have a calcified omental hematoma adjacent to the
      gallbladder. Omental hematomas have not previously been linked to flight in high
      performance aircraft. Current prevailing hypotheses regarding etiologies of
      omental hematomas include rapid blood flow shifts and venous fragility. Forces
      encountered in high performance aircraft may increase the chance of omental
      hemorrhage.

PMID- 4062767
TI  - Thermal insulating capabilities of "thin" clothing insulation.
AB  - Claims have been made that certain "thin" polyolefin clothing insulating
      materials possess superior insulating capabilities because they consist of
      extremely fine fibers. In a comparative study, swatches of the usual clothing
      materials, down, polyester, and polyolefin were examined by a technique that
      allowed two methods of calculating the insulation value, one across the sample
      and the second from the inner surface of the sample to the ambient air. The
      second method produces a value that includes the air layer which adheres to all
      clothing, increasing the apparent insulation. The thermal insulation of the
      material, per se, does not change. The data demonstrate that the claims can be
      made for any thin insulation.

PMID- 4062768
TI  - Airline pilot disability: the continued experience of a major US airline.
AB  - This study details our continued experience with preemployment screening and
      medical disability in a large group of pilots from one airline from 1975 through
      1982. During this period, 368 pilot applicants underwent preemployment screening
      and 73 of these were rejected for employment because of medical reasons. The
      majority (45) of these were unsuitable for psychological reasons. Medical
      disability accounted for approximately 20% of the pilots separated from the
      company during the period of study. Age-specific disability rates increased
      rapidly after age 45 years, with cardiovascular disease responsible for more than
      50% of these medical losses. Disability rates of older pilots have decreased
      considerably compared with previous rates: the age-adjusted rate for pilots age
      45 years or older has decreased from 27.50/1,000 person-years to 8.97/1,000
      person-years (p less than 0.0001). The reasons for this reduction remain unclear,
      but changes in the interpretation of the Federal Aviation Administration
      regulations and changes in company policies may have contributed. The role of
      preventive medicine in the form of regular medical surveillance is uncertain,
      with no direct evidence of a beneficial effect.

PMID- 4062769
TI  - Comparative biodynamic response of two primate species to the same vibrational
      environment.
AB  - Four Rhesus monkeys and three baboons, all young adult males of nearly the same
      size (8-17 kg), were implanted with an accelerometer on the upper thoracic and
      lower lumbar spinous process, respectively. Each animal was exposed to sinusoidal
      vibrations from 4 to 50 Hz at +/- 0.177 and 0.283 rms GZ acceleration levels,
      respectively, for approximately 30 s/frequency and to the whole vibration
      spectrum for about 1h X d-1 up to 4 consecutive days. The impedance magnitude,
      impedance phase and transmissibility between the seat and two spinal
      accelerometers were compared at the two acceleration levels. The resonant
      frequency, other impedance characteristics, and the linearity of the response
      were compared between the two primate species. Modeling parameters, including the
      damping and elastic coefficients and spring mass, were calculated from impedance
      data using an established two-mass model. The majority of each species showed a
      tendency to be less rigid at 0.283 rms Gz than the lower G level, suggesting more
      decoupling from the seat with higher acceleration. Over most of the frequency
      range tested, all the animals vibrated out of phase rather than rigidly with the
      seat. When the impedance and transmissibility results of the two species were
      plotted and compared, it raised the question of the phylogenicity and the
      appropriateness of selecting as a biodynamic model the baboon over the Rhesus
      monkey in the interspecies scaling efforts up to man.

PMID- 4062770
TI  - Performance and physiological effects of acceleration-induced (+ Gz) loss of
      consciousness.
AB  - Loss of consciousness (LOC) was intentionally induced by exposing eight
      volunteers to individually-titrated levels of head-to-foot acceleration (+ Gz)
      using 2- and 4-s onset rates (mean = 6.1 + Gz required to induce LOC) and a
      gradual, .067 G X s-1 onset rate (mean = 7.2 Gz required). Subjects were trained
      over a prior 2-week period on a multitask battery comprising three simultaneously
      executed tasks representative of those required in piloting, and then centrifuged
      to LOC at each of the three onset rates on alternate days. Performance was
      assessed for 5 min prior and 7 min after each LOC. Primary results indicated: a)
      significant and substantial impairment in the two discrete response secondary
      tasks (choice reaction time and arithmetic computation), with mean recovery to
      pre-LOC levels within 3 min on each task, b) no group mean impairment for the
      primary, compensatory tracking task, c) substantial individual variation in
      physiologically and behaviorally defined recovery from LOC, d) a negative
      influence of aerobic fitness on G tolerance and LOC recoverability, and e) that
      recovery effects were not generally dependent upon onset rate. Mean absolute
      incapacitation (head dropped) for the rapid onset rates was 12.1 s. For the
      gradual onset rate, mean absolute incapacitation was 16.6 s. Mean relative
      incapacitation (head erect, no voluntary task engagement) for the rapid onset
      rates was 11.6 s; for the gradual onset rates, mean relative incapacitation was
      15.7 s. Evidence for retrograde amnesia effects was equivocal.

PMID- 4062771
TI  - Electrocardiographic changes in serious decompression sickness.
AB  - Electrocardiographic changes observed in 21 dogs suffering from spinal cord
      decompression sickness (DCS) are described. Changes seen included P wave peaking
      and P-R depression compatible with right heart strain; S-T segment and T wave
      changes suggestive of myocardial ischemia; and ventricular arrhythmias ranging
      from unifocal premature ventricular contractions to ventricular tachycardia.
      Compression therapy did not always restore the ECG changes promptly to normality.
      The changes are discussed in association with concurrent physiological events.
      These included pulmonary hypertension, systemic hypertension and hypotension, and
      cerebral DCS. Possible mechanisms ranging from local cardiac DCS or coronary gas
      embolism to autonomic nervous system disturbances arising from cerebral and
      spinal cord DCS are reviewed. It is concluded that ECG recordings should be made
      more often when treating clinical DCS.

PMID- 4062772
TI  - Cardiovascular deconditioning during space flight and the use of saline as a
      countermeasure to orthostatic intolerance.
AB  - Alterations in the physiology of the cardiovascular system have been noted during
      all exposures to the microgravity experienced in space flight. Of most importance
      to the operational function of Space Shuttle crewmembers is orthostatic
      intolerance. Although complex changes occur as a result of adaptation to
      weightlessness, the redistribution and loss of body fluid apparently plays a
      substantial role. Utilizing ground-based bed rest data as an analog to the
      absence of gravitational force encountered in orbital flight, a saline loading
      countermeasure was developed. In this study, 17 crewmembers consumed various
      amounts of salt and fluid prior to the reentry phase of Space Shuttle flights; 9
      other astronauts served as control subjects. The countermeasure reduced the heart
      rate response to orthostatic stress 29% and reversed the fall in mean blood
      pressure. A Cardiovascular Index of Deconditioning (defined as CID = delta HR -
      delta SBP + delta DBP) equalled 21 in those who utilized the countermeasure, a
      significant improvement toward baseline (p less than 0.003) when compared to the
      control group CID = 49. The encouraging results of these investigations have led
      to the adoption of the countermeasure as an operational procedure by Shuttle
      crewmembers.

PMID- 4062773
TI  - Serum levels of eleven steroid hormones following motion sickness.
AB  - In order to grade motion sickness objectively, the following 11 adrenal hormones
      were investigated in subjects with different motion sickness susceptibility:
      Aldosterone, corticosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, progesterone, 17-OH
      progesterone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisol, cortisone, testosterone,
      androstendione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Motion sickness was induced by
      the coriolis effect on a rotary chair. Both severe kinetosis after short rotation
      time and mild motion sickness after 30 min of rotation occurred together with
      small hormonal changes. Androstendione and 11-deoxycortisol appear to be
      sensitive indicators of motion sickness if the rotation time is taken into
      consideration. A significant increase of all hormones except progesterone,
      cortisone, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was observed when
      pronounced malaise had come after a long rotation stress (24.6 min). The changes
      in plasma aldosterone concentration appeared to correlate with time only. The
      present study demonstrates that hormonal analysis can be helpful in estimating
      the degree of motion sickness.

PMID- 4062774
TI  - Sequence-related changes in sensory-evoked potentials in the dentate gyrus: a
      mechanism for item-specific short-term information storage in the hippocampus.
AB  - Sensory-evoked potentials were recorded from the dentate gyrus of the rat
      hippocampus during performance of a differential auditory discrimination task.
      The short latency (20 ms) component (N1) of the sensory-evoked potential showed
      systematic amplitude fluctuations dependent upon the sequence of positive and
      negative trials preceding the presentation of a given trial and did not depend on
      the associated reward values of the individual tone stimuli which evoked the
      potential. The amplitude fluctuations could be accurately depicted by a model
      which retained the sequence for the five preceding trials in a "buffer" with
      exponentially decaying influence as a function of time of trial occurrence within
      the sequence. The results provide evidence that the hippocampus encodes accurate
      short-lasting representations of sensory events which can provide the basis for
      storage of information pertaining to past experiences.

PMID- 4062775
TI  - Age-related memory deficits in rats and mice: enhancement with peripheral
      injections of epinephrine.
AB  - Epinephrine peripherally administered to rats and mice immediately following
      avoidance and/or appetitive training enhances later memory retention in both
      young and old animals. These findings suggest a possible involvement of
      peripheral adrenergic systems in memory dysfunctions which accompany aging.

PMID- 4062776
TI  - Cerebellar lesions abolish an avoidance response in rabbit.
AB  - Unilateral lesions of the cerebellar dentate-interpositus (DI) nuclei abolished
      or impaired the reacquisition of a nictitating membrane (NM) conditioned
      avoidance response (CAR) in rabbits. Animals that sustained damage to the DI
      nuclei and surrounding areas displayed little or no reacquisition of the NM-CAR
      ipsilateral to the lesion, but displayed excellent acquisition of the response
      when training was shifted to the contralateral eye. These results agree with
      previous investigations of the effects of cerebellar lesions on the classically
      conditioned NM and leg-flexion responses. The DI nuclei appear to be essential
      for the retention of conditioned responses in a variety of associative paradigms.

PMID- 4062777
TI  - Effect of a novel experience prior to training or testing on retention of an
      inhibitory avoidance response in mice: involvement of an opioid system.
AB  - These experiments examined the effects of a novel experience prior to training or
      retention testing on 24-h retention of an inhibitory avoidance response in mice.
      The experiments were based on previous evidence that novel training experiences
      release hypothalamic beta-endorphin. When given 1 h prior to training, the novel
      experience (clinging to the wire-mesh ceiling and exploring a small box)
      attenuated the memory-enhancing effects of post-training administration of
      naloxone as well as the enhancing effects of beta-endorphin administered prior to
      the retention test. The novel experience given prior to training did not block
      the enhancing effects of post-training administration of epinephrine. beta
      Endorphin and the novel experience both enhanced retention performance when
      administered 1 h (as well as 3 but not 6 h) prior to the retention test. The
      enhancement found with both treatments was blocked by simultaneous administration
      of naloxone or by administration of propranolol a few minutes prior to the
      retention test. The findings of these experiments are consistent with the view
      that the effects of the novel experience are due to a release of endogenous beta
      endorphin and provide additional evidence that the effects, on retention, of
      naloxone given post-training and beta-endorphin given prior to a retention test,
      are based on training-induced release of beta-endorphin.

PMID- 4062778
TI  - A genetic analysis of stereotypy in the mouse: dopaminergic plasticity following
      chronic stress.
AB  - After repeated stressful experiences, DBA/2 (DBA) mice showed an increase in
      apomorphine-induced climbing while C57BL/6 (C57) mice showed a clear-cut decrease
      of this behavior. Genetic analysis involving F1 and F2 hybrids and the backcross
      populations (F1 X C57; F1 X DBA) indicated complete dominance of the C57 genotype
      and a significant genotype X environment interaction. These findings are
      discussed in terms of dopaminergic plasticity and of the heuristic value of this
      animal model in relation to disturbed behaviors triggered by stressful
      experiences.

PMID- 4062779
TI  - The brain beta-endorphin system and behavior: the modulation of consecutively and
      simultaneously processed memories.
AB  - This article shows how new memories may be acquired, or old ones retrieved, in
      animals who have recently released brain beta-endorphin and why some memories may
      be insensitive to beta-endorphin modulation even if they are processed in
      parallel to others that are sensitive to that system. In addition, one example is
      given of an interaction between tasks that is possibly independent from the brain
      beta-endorphin system. The data examined here represent a new approach to memory
      modulation in that they apply findings previously obtained in isolated tasks to
      the analysis of interactions between training and test sessions of the same or
      different tasks. This may be viewed as a step toward understanding the
      organization of memory mechanisms in everyday behavior, which consists of
      consecutive and simultaneous, rather than isolated, behavioral training and test
      paradigms. The present approach, however, still relies on the individual analysis
      of separate behaviors, and is therefore no substitute for studies on complex
      behaviors per se. Indeed, both approaches may be complementary for a full
      understanding of the organization of memory processes, along with further
      investigations studying isolated tasks.

PMID- 4062780
TI  - Fetal brain tissue transplants reduce visual deficits in adult rats with
      bilateral lesions of the occipital cortex.
AB  - Fetal brain tissue from the occipital or the frontal cortex was implanted into
      the damaged occipital cortex of adult rats. The animals receiving grafts of
      embryonic frontal cortex showed partial restoration of brightness discrimination
      while recipients given homologous implants of occipital cortex were as impaired
      as those animals with lesions alone. Neither frontal nor occipital grafts aided
      in the performance of a pattern discrimination problem; both groups of brain
      damaged animals were unable to learn the task. Nonetheless, both groups of
      animals had viable and enlarged grafts with similar neuronal and glial profiles.

PMID- 4062781
TI  - Reduction of two voltage-dependent K+ currents mediates retention of a learned
      association.
AB  - A single identified neuron, the medial type B photoreceptor, was isolated by
      axotomy from the nervous systems of nudibranch molluscs (Hermissenda) which had
      been exposed to three different training experiences. Paired animals had been
      trained with repeated paired presentations of light and rotation and random
      animals with randomized light and rotation; naive animals had no training. A two
      microelectrode voltage clamp of axotomized type B somata (separated from all
      synaptic interactions and impulse activity) was used to measure, with a blind
      procedure, three distinct ionic currents at least 24 h after the training
      experience. An early K+ current, IA, and a Ca2+-dependent K+ current, ICa2+-K+,
      but not a light-induced inward Na+ current, were significantly reduced for the
      paired as compared to the random and naive animals. The magnitude of ICa2+-K+
      reduction was related (again measured blindly) to the degree of training-induced
      suppression of phototaxis (a measure of the learned behavior) for the paired
      animals. These data are consistent with previous observations indicating that
      changes of intrinsic type B membrane properties are an important means for
      encoding the acquisition and retention of Hermissenda associative learning.

PMID- 4062782
TI  - Passive avoidance training results in lasting changes in deoxyglucose metabolism
      in left hemisphere regions of chick brain.
AB  - Day-old chicks peck when offered a bright bead; if the bead is coated with the
      bitter-tasting methylanthranilate (M) they avoid it thereafter. 2-[14C]
      Deoxyglucose injected 1 min prior to training shows increased uptake into the
      hyperstriatum ventrale (HV) and lobus parolfactorius (LPO) 30 min later compared
      with control birds which have pecked a water-coated bead (W). To distinguish
      effects of training from those of consolidation, and to study lateralization of
      the increased uptake, 2-[14C]deoxyglucose (4 muCi) was injected ip either 5 min
      before, or 10 or 30 min after training. Thirty minutes after injection, bilateral
      samples of medial hyperstriatum ventrale (MHV), LPO and palaeostriatum
      augmentatum (PA)-enriched regions were dissected. Specific radioactivity (dmp/mg
      X prot) in left and right MHV and left and right LPO was standardized on the mean
      PA-specific radioactivity for each bird. When 2-DG was injected 5 min prior to
      training, standardized radioactivity in the left LPO was 26% greater, and in the
      left MHV 13% greater in M than W birds. There were no differences in the right
      hemisphere. With injection 10 min after training, there was an increase of 22% in
      the left LPO of M birds over W, of 29% in the left MHV and 22% in the right MHV.
      If injection was delayed to 30 min after training, there was no increase in the
      LPO, but a 13% increase persisted in the left MHV. Enhanced 2DG metabolism
      following passive avoidance training is thus persistent, lateralized, and, in the
      MHV at least may represent an aspect of cellular reorganization consequent on
      experience but independent of the immediate concomitants of training--perhaps
      part of the process of memory consolidation.

PMID- 4062783
TI  - Hippocampal stimulation disrupts spatial working memory even 8 h after
      acquisition.
AB  - The present experiment used hippocampal stimulation to determine the temporal
      gradient of consolidation of spatial working memory. Rats were trained to perform
      a spatial working memory task on a radial maze with 12 arms. Each rat went to the
      ends of 6 arms to obtain a food reward. After 8 h, the rat chose among all the
      arms to find the ones not previously chosen (and consequently still having food).
      During some test sessions, the hippocampus was stimulated electrically either at
      a current level just high enough to produce an electrophysiological seizure, or
      at a current level below this seizure threshold. Stimulation occurred at one of
      five intervals (0 to 8 h) following the completion of the first six choices.
      During other test sessions, the hippocampus was not stimulated. After seizure
      stimulation, the number of retroactive errors (returning to arms chosen prior to
      stimulation) increased at all delay intervals; the number of proactive errors
      (returning to arms chosen after stimulation) increased only with the delay of 8
      h. Subthreshold stimulation had no influence on either type of error. These
      results indicate that normal hippocampal function is required for the maintenance
      of spatial information in working memory, and that the time course of
      consolidation of this information is significantly greater than that seen in
      other types of memory, or consolidation may not take place at all.

PMID- 4062784
TI  - The contributions of cytochemistry to the study of the nucleus.

PMID- 4062785
TI  - Computer analysis of sub-parameters of depurination and depolymerization rate
      constants in Feulgen DNA hydrolysis.
AB  - Feulgen DNA hydrolysis curves derived from cytofluorometry at various
      temperatures and HCl concentrations were computer analyzed with least squares fit
      to Bateman function. By comparing the depurination (k1) and depolymerization (k2)
      rate constants at different hydrolysis conditions, it was found that the two
      parameters of temperature and HCl concentration can be expressed as k = AN2 X exp
      (-B/T), where A and B are constants, N is the HCl concentrations, and T is the
      absolute temperature. From the analysis of Feulgen hydrolysis curves with 2N HCl
      at various temperatures, it was calculated that A = 5.3590 X 10(14) and B =
      12133.543, for k1, and A = 6.2401 X 10(14) and B = 12181.660, for k2 for mouse 4C
      hepatocytes fixed with absolute methanol. Computer generated theoretical
      hydrolysis curves using the above k1 and k2 values were compared with
      experimental curves at various temperatures and HCl-concentrations. The two types
      of hydrolysis curves coincided with each other when 1-3 N HCl was used at
      temperatures between 30-40 degrees C. The peak times of hydrolysis curves at
      different conditions determined by experimental analysis and theoretical
      estimations also coincided reasonably well with each other. The physico-chemical
      phenomena underlying the equation designating k1 and k2 values are discussed.

PMID- 4062786
TI  - Ultrastructural analysis of mouse sperm chromatin.
AB  - Chromatin organization was studied during the maturation processes in the
      epididymis and vas deferens; these processes lead to a potentially reversible
      inactivation of the genome. There are progressive increases in resistance to
      detergent action and -S-S- bridge reduction in both head membranes and chromatin.
      In all the sites studied, there was a basic "knobby" chromatin fiber of 110 A
      diameter. In the caput epididymidis only, in addition to the knobby fibers, there
      were some smooth fibers, which can be considered as markers of a transient
      situation in which the stabilization of DNA/protamine interactions has not
      completely been achieved. In the vas deferens, the knobby fibers, the diameters
      of which are multiples of that of the basic one, can be converted to single units
      by increasing the ionic strength.

PMID- 4062787
TI  - Combined use of autoradiography and enzyme histochemistry in studies on the
      mammalian testis.
AB  - Combined application of the methods of enzyme histochemistry and of
      autoradiography in one and the same section of tissue provides a method to
      achieve further informations on the individual cells. Prespermatogenesis and
      spermatogenesis in rodents with their well defined steps of development and very
      specific enzymatic patterns of each of the stages of the cycle of the
      seminiferous epithelium were used as a model to study the double labelling with
      the aid of the enzyme reaction and labelling with 3-H-thymidine. The techniques
      applied in this study are described and discussed in detail. Possibilities to
      elucidate the regeneration mode of the seminiferous epithelium by means of this
      method are discussed.

PMID- 4062788
TI  - Chromatin phospholipids and DNA synthesis in hepatic cells.
AB  - The synthesis of phospholipids found in microsomes, in the nuclei and in
      chromatin has been studied in rat liver after partial hepatectomy. [32P]O4(2
      )incorporation in phospholipids has been compared with that of (3H) thymidine
      over a period of 48 h after operation. The presence of two peaks of DNA synthesis
      has been observed at 18 and 36 h; nuclear phospholipids show a continuous
      synthesis starting from 12 h, whereas the microsomes show two peaks at 12 and 24
      30 h. The specific activity of the chromatin phospholipid fraction increases at
      12h, doubles its initial value at 18 h, shows a peak at 30 h and comes back to
      the initial value at 48 h. It is concluded that chromatin phospholipids increase
      their synthesis in relation to the S phase of the cell cycle, whereas those of
      the nuclear membranes do not change the rate of synthesis throughout the cell
      cycle. The possibility is suggested that chromatin phospholipids are synthesized
      in the microsomes and transferred to the nucleus.

PMID- 4062790
TI  - Basic and applied mutagenesis. With special reference to agricultural chemicals
      in developing countries. Based on a symposium on agricultural genotoxicity in
      developing countries. October 31- November 5, 1982, Islamabad, Pakistan.

PMID- 4062789
TI  - Uptake of tritiated phosphatidylcholine by isolated rat liver nuclei studied by
      electron microscope autoradiography in albumin embedded specimens.
AB  - The transfer of phosphatidylcholine from multilamellar vesicles to isolated rat
      liver nuclei was studied by means of electron microscope autoradiography. To
      avoid the possible loss or the artifactual redistribution of the phospholipid
      occurring during dehydration with organic solvents and plastic embedding, the
      fixed specimens were embedded in aqueous albumin, which was then hardened by
      glutaraldehyde and dehydrated physically. The quantitative analyses of the
      autoradiograms demonstrated that part of the labelled phosphatidylcholine was
      taken up by the isolated nuclei and was transferred inside the nucleoplasm. The
      uptake corresponded to the loss of the vesicular arrangement, probably owing to
      the formation of a lipoprotein complex with the nuclear proteins. The results
      provide evidence that the lipid-induced changes of transcriptional activity occur
      upon the actual interaction of the exogenous phospholipid with the inner nuclear
      components.

PMID- 4062791
TI  - Toxins in the human food system.

PMID- 4062792
TI  - A possible role for deoxyribonucleotide pool imbalances in carcinogenesis.
AB  - Thymine nucleotide pool alterations, produced by attack on non-DNA primary
      targets, induce a variety of chromosome and chromatid aberrations. Specifically,
      in lower eukaryotes, thymidylate deprivation and excess are recombinagenic and
      dTMP depletion also produces DNA strand breakage. In higher eukaryotes,
      imbalances in thymine nucleotide pools provoke chromosome breaks and
      rearrangements, and inhibition of thymidylate biosynthesis causes morphological
      and oncogenic transformation in vitro. Thus, chromosomal rearrangements induced
      by dTMP deprivation may be the critical changes that lead to oncogenic
      transformation in response to thymine nucleotide depletion.

PMID- 4062793
TI  - Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of certain pesticides used in Pakistan.
AB  - The mutagenicity of fifteen insecticides, five fungicides, four herbicides, and
      an acaricide commonly used in Pakistan was evaluated by employing thirteen short
      term bioassays. The genetic endpoints used included point or gene mutation,
      primary DNA damage, and chromosomal effects. Initially, all pesticides were
      tested in a "core" battery of four in vitro bioassays. A carefully selected group
      among these chemicals was retested in higher level test systems to confirm the
      results obtained in the initial phase. Of the pesticides tested, only a small
      portion consistently displayed mutagenicity across test systems. The
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae bioassays detected mutagenicity for the largest number
      of pesticides. The Salmonellaces typhimurium strain, TA100, was able to detect
      genetic activity in all of the pesticides that produced positive results in this
      bioassay. The cytogenetic effects observed from the Vicia faba root assay were
      consistent with those obtained in mammalian cells in culture. All pesticides
      which displayed mutagenicity were not carcinogenic in animal bioassays but, in
      general, mutagenicity in a battery of short-term bioassays was a reliable
      indicator of the carcinogenic potential in animals. A simple test battery is
      proposed for evaluating the genetic potential of agricultural pesticides.

PMID- 4062794
TI  - Mutagen testing of agricultural chemicals with yeast.
AB  - The microorganism Saccharomyces cerevisiae is frequently used to test chemical
      agents in short-term mutagenicity tests. Advantages of yeast are its eukaryotic
      character and the numerous genetic endpoints which can be tested. A disadvantage
      is the lower sensitivity towards compounds which, when compared with the
      Salmonella Ames test, need to be metabolized in order to be active. However, the
      sensitivity of yeast tests can be improved by using cells from the logarithmic
      phase and by growing them under conditions which increase the activity of
      metabolizing enzymes, such as the cytochrome P-448/P-450 complexes. Furthermore,
      we discuss which information can be drawn from the shape of the survival and
      mutation frequency curves, and which parameters from the mutant yield curves can
      be used to compare the mutagenic efficiencies of various agents or the
      mutabilities of various test systems. Also, the qualitative yeast assay results
      are compiled for insecticides and herbicides in agricultural usage in Third World
      countries (Pakistan, for example).

PMID- 4062795
TI  - Plant genetic assays and their use in studies on environmental mutagenesis in
      developing countries.
AB  - The detection of point mutation at specific loci in Zea mays for use in research
      in environmental mutagenesis is described. The frequency of forward or reverse
      mutation at the waxy locus may be determined in gametophytes (pollen grains) and
      this provides the measurement of large numbers of individuals and thus a high
      genetic resolution. The analysis of mutation induction in pollen grains is well
      suited for in situ studies. Methods to identify forward mutation at the yellow
      green-2 locus in leaf primordial cells and the use of this assay to identify
      mutagenic agents after acute exposure are presented. These rapid, relatively
      simple point mutation assays can be used to evaluate the genotoxic hazards of
      environmental agents and complex environmental mixtures in developing countries.

PMID- 4062796
TI  - Aneuploidy induced by agricultural pesticides: where do we stand?
AB  - Even though aneuploidy is one of the worst afflictions of man, efforts to develop
      a mammalian test system for the study of induced nondisjunction have largely
      failed. A few scattered successes usually deal with Drosophila, fungi, plants,
      and mammalian cell cultures. The present paper discusses possible avenues to be
      explored for developing reliable test systems. These include: (i) epidemiological
      studies, (ii) analysis of fluorescent Y bodies, (iii) direct visualization of
      sperm chromosomes, (iv) analysis of out-of-phase centromere separation sequences,
      and (v) the soybean spot test. Currently there is no satisfactory explanation for
      a lack of mutagen-induced nondisjunction, the repeated occurrence of births of
      trisomic children to some couples, the astounding success of selection of a rare
      disomic sperm for fertilizing an egg in the presence of millions of normal ones,
      and having twice as many errors occurring in meiosis I as in meiosis II. An
      hypothesis is presented which suggests that out-of-phase separation of a
      centromere during early embryogenesis results in formation of mosaic individuals.
      Such mosaicism for a given chromosome in the gametic tissue would account for all
      the dilemmas mentioned above. Some supporting evidence for this concept is
      presented. It requires a new look at the mechanism of the origin and potential of
      transmission of aneusomic gametes.

PMID- 4062797
TI  - The science of teratology in a regulatory setting.
AB  - The science of teratology is discussed from a regulatory point of view. A brief
      history of this branch of toxicology is presented with emphasis on specific
      instances of the inadvertent production of birth defects in humans as a result of
      exposure to exogenous agents. The basic principles of teratology are elucidated
      as a means of understanding current test protocols and their scientific
      rationale. A typical, general protocol is given and some of the major
      shortcomings of such a bioassay are presented. Among these shortcomings are the
      problems of significance of fetal toxicity and lack of a postnatal component to
      the teratology test system. The teratogenic and/or fetotoxic potential of
      selected pesticides are examined with special reference to the bioassay problems
      alluded to. Pesticides discussed include cacodylic acid, endrin, benomyl, ETU,
      nitrofen, and mirex. Finally, a brief discussion of a proposed teratology screen
      using pregnant laboratory animals is presented.

PMID- 4062798
TI  - General human health risks associated with the use of chemicals.
AB  - Health risks to man associated with the use of chemicals include carcinogenesis,
      mutagenesis, and systems damage. Adverse effects from chemical exposures are
      determined by the nature and amount of the chemical, the type and length of
      exposure, and individual susceptibility to the chemical. A series of short- or
      long-term tests have been devised to predict human risk from suspect chemicals.
      These tests have provided enough information to establish guidelines for human
      safety, but they are not capable of providing sufficient information for
      unequivocal, scientifically valid standards for exposure limits. New methods now
      under development promise to provide more detailed information on early effects
      and cumulative damage to individuals. Developing countries should use existing
      data and regulatory experiences to the greatest possible extent to establish
      exposure limits according to local needs. When more ideal methods for the
      detection of chemical damage to man are available, these approaches and the data
      derived from their use can be incorporated into the programs in developing
      countries.

PMID- 4062799
TI  - Mutagen testing with maize.

PMID- 4062800
TI  - Mutagen testing with the soybean assay.

PMID- 4062801
TI  - The micronucleus test on exfoliated human cells.

PMID- 4062802
TI  - Problems associated with the use of chemicals by agricultural workers.
AB  - The agricultural productivity in Pakistan is hampered by insects, diseases, and
      weeds, which are reported causing losses ranging up to 50%, estimated at a total
      value of over 900 million U.S. dollars. The use of pesticides in Pakistan started
      in 1954 with 254 metric tons of formulation, increasing to the level of 16,226
      metric tons in 1976-77. Since the import and use of pesticides was in the public
      sector, the promulgation of the Agricultural Pesticides Ordinance was delayed to
      1971 and the Rules to 1973. Under these Rules exist provisions necessary for the
      registration, marketing, and safe use of pesticides. Through the Agricultural
      Pesticides Technical Advisory Committee consisting of members drawn from the
      various Federal and Provincial agencies relevant to the subject, the Ministry of
      Food, Agriculture and Cooperatives, Government of Pakistan, is responsible for
      its implementation, but no regular agency for monitoring the implementation of
      the Rules exists. The extent of health hazards to agricultural workers as a
      result of exposure to pesticides, among other things, depends on the
      socioeconomic and educational background of their society, the local laws
      governing registration, and the scientific and regulatory institutional setup of
      the country. The above factors, of particular relevance to Pakistan, are
      discussed.

PMID- 4062803
TI  - Mechanism of contamination from agricultural chemicals in mammals.
AB  - Chemicals in the form of pharmaceuticals are used to extend the life of man. It
      is ironic that other chemicals are also required to poison the pests that compete
      for the food supply so that man will have enough to eat during his extended
      lifetime. Now these poisons are reaching levels in the environment where the life
      span of man is again being shortened by both immediate and long-term effects
      caused by these pesticides. Hundreds of thousands of people are incapacitated and
      killed by insecticide poisoning each year, many of them in developing countries,
      from the chemicals no longer allowed for use in the western nations that produce
      them. Continuous monitoring and surveillance are required to avoid misuse of
      pesticides, because many of the hazards associated with these chemicals can be
      reduced substantially, if not eliminated completely.

PMID- 4062804
TI  - Mycotoxins as carcinogens.
AB  - Fungi which contaminate food and feed products produce toxic metabolites under
      favourable conditions, thus posing a serious health problem. A variety of
      mycotoxins are produced by different fungi, but aflatoxins have been investigated
      more extensively. Varied reports are available on the production of aflatoxins by
      different species of Aspergillus and Penicillium; however, A. flavus and A.
      parasiticus have the greatest capacity and appear to be the primary sources of
      aflatoxins. Preformed mycotoxins are ingested by man through the consumption of
      vegetable and animal products (milk, meat, etc.). Factors affecting toxicity
      include species, age, sex, and nutrition. Evidence from animal experiments
      provides enough information to indicate that most of the mycotoxins are
      carcinogens.

PMID- 4062805
TI  - Cytotoxicity as a mechanism of carcinogenesis.
AB  - Some of our previous results had shown that certain relatively weak carcinogens
      induced DNA single-strand breaks in rat hepatocytes but only with concomitant
      cytotoxicity. Stronger carcinogens usually induced breaks at relatively nontoxic
      concentrations. These observations led us to propose that chronic toxicity may be
      weakly carcinogenic through a cell-mediated mechanism without the necessity for a
      compound to directly attack DNA. The proposed mechanism is that one of a cell's
      responses to sublethal toxicity is to release the contents of some, but not all,
      of its lysosomes. Since lysosomes contain DNA hydrolases, these could enter the
      nucleus and induce single- and double-strand breaks in the DNA. Such DNA damage
      could lead to a malignant phenotype by a variety of mechanisms in those cells
      that survive. Some initial support for this hypothesis comes from our observation
      that hypotonic shock causes single-strand breaks in the DNA of mouse L1210 cells
      and that these breaks can be repaired.

PMID- 4062806
TI  - Aging research: challenge of the twenty-first century.

PMID- 4062807
TI  - Molecular biology of aging. Proceedings of a symposium. September 30-October 3,
      1984, New York.

PMID- 4062808
TI  - State of knowledge on action of food restriction and aging.

PMID- 4062809
TI  - The alteration of enzymes in aging animals.

PMID- 4062811
TI  - Living all your life.

PMID- 4062810
TI  - Differential and similar responses between rodent and human cells to DNA-damaging
      agents: possible implications for cellular aging.
AB  - We have outlined a model in which aging may be associated with changes in
      chromatin structure that produce alterations in the extent of DNA supercoiling.
      Our model would suggest that the major difference in a short-lived rodent and a
      long-lived human being would be reflected as the rate at which such changes
      occur. In support of this model we have presented data that rodent cells as a
      class are more resistant to PUVA than are human cells. Further, we have outlined
      corroborating data that would suggest that such resistance may reflect a
      difference in the extent of psoralen intercalation that in turn is dependent on
      DNA supercoiling. Since it is known that changes in DNA supercoiling can alter
      both the expression of genes and the repair of DNA, it is feasible that changes
      in supercoiling could lead to a deterioration both in gene regulation and in DNA
      fidelity. Our model relates to multistage carcinogenesis in a straightforward
      manner, predicting that cancer initiators produce a heritable change in chromatin
      structure, while cancer promoters induce transient changes in chromatin
      structure. We propose that this model is consistent with the developing molecular
      model of cancer as caused by the inappropriate expression of dominant
      transforming oncogene(s). Indeed, our model would predict that aging and
      carcinogen exposure would share a common capacity to alter chromatin structure
      within regions of the genome, with carcinogens perhaps more random than aging in
      their induction of such alterations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4062812
TI  - Environmental and genetic factors that influence immunity and longevity in mice.
AB  - Many different theoretical approaches may be taken toward understanding the
      association between aging and immunologic malfunction. The leading theory is
      based on the natural phenomenon of thymic involution and argues that the T
      dependent lymphoid system is genetically programmed to decline in effectiveness,
      possibly through altered endocrine and central nervous system controls. The
      "thymic time clock" theory of aging is strongly supported by the consistent
      finding of defective cellular immunity functions in aged humans and animals and
      an associated development of the age-related diseases. In several animal models,
      including autoimmune-prone strains, high spontaneous tumor incidence strains, and
      normal long-lived strains, it has been possible to forestall the development of
      the major diseases of aging and extend longevity by restricting diet. The
      predominant effect of dietary restriction is prolongation of immunologic vigor
      and retardation of the immunologic dysfunction that normally occurs with age.
      Studies on environmental factors affecting longevity such as these and others
      which demonstrate a complex interaction between genes influencing longevity
      underscore the complexity and challenge of aging research.

PMID- 4062813
TI  - Changes in genetic organization and expression in aging cells.

PMID- 4062814
TI  - The significance of DNA methylation in cellular aging.

PMID- 4062815
TI  - DNA manipulating genes and the aging brain.

PMID- 4062817
TI  - Reliability theoretic methods and aging: critical elements, hierarchies and
      longevity--interpreting survival curves.

PMID- 4062816
TI  - In vivo studies on DNA repair and turnover with age.
AB  - Since the capacity for DNA repair relative to other cellular processes should be
      an important parameter of mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, and also aging, this
      capacity should preferably be studied in intact animals. Thus, we developed
      autoradiographic techniques for measuring DNA repair directly in vivo. By these
      methods unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) was detected quantitatively as silver
      grains on epithelial cells of mouse skin after treatment with chemical
      carcinogens or UV irradiation, and on cerebral ganglion cells of aquarium fish
      after treatment with various chemical carcinogens. Several interesting findings
      so far obtained are presented. Possible age-related change in the UDS response
      was examined by the skin technique with mice of 2 and 18 months old. Similar dose
      dependent induction of UDS was observed in mice of both ages after treatment with
      4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide; their levels of UDS at each dose were not
      significantly different. The dose-response curves for young and aged animals
      after UV irradiation showed similar increases to a plateau at low doses, but
      their responses to high doses were very different: in aged mice the UDS level
      decreased markedly with increase in the dose, whereas in young mice it remained
      at the same level. This suggests that in aged animals, high doses of UV
      irradiation cause deterioration of DNA repair systems, and that aged animals
      cannot repair extensive DNA damage efficiently. It is generally thought that DNA
      has a stable structure and a much slower turnover than other cellular components.
      Although the effect of DNA repair on DNA turnover may be insignificant,
      accumulation of repaired DNA in cells should result in detectable DNA turnover.
      Therefore, we investigated DNA turnover in postmitotic ganglion cells of rat
      retina. However, careful autoradiographic studies on pairs of eyes showed no
      detectable DNA turnover up to nearly their median life span (2 years). This
      result suggests that the DNA of post-mitotic cells, which are not replaced
      throughout the life span of the animal, is very stable and is possibly protected
      in some special way.

PMID- 4062818
TI  - The odds on normal aging.

PMID- 4062819
TI  - Progeria, a model disease for the study of accelerated aging.

PMID- 4062820
TI  - Amyloid, immunopathology and aging.

PMID- 4062821
TI  - In vitro studies of Werner syndrome cells: aberrant growth and chromosome
      behavior.

PMID- 4062823
TI  - Future directions in aging research.

PMID- 4062822
TI  - Molecular basis of the accumulation of abnormal proteins in progeria and aging
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 4062825
TI  - Isolated adult cardiac myocytes. Structure, function and metabolism.

PMID- 4062824
TI  - Relationship between metabolic rate, free radicals, differentiation and aging: a
      unified theory.
AB  - Metabolic rate is a major factor governing the rate of aging in both homeotherms
      and poikilotherms and is inversely related to life span. Homeotherms exhibit
      stable basal metabolic rates and species-specific life spans. Conversely, in
      poikilotherms, both basal metabolic rate and life span vary greatly. Metabolic
      potential (total energy consumed/g/life span) is a species-specific
      characteristic in Homoetherms and poikilotherms. Length of life is dependent upon
      the rate at which this fixed metabolic potential is expended, that is, metabolic
      rate. Oxygen-free radicals produced by metabolism can cause molecular damage.
      Accumulation of lipofuscin granules, Schiff-base-like, fluorescent material and
      thiobarbituric acid-reactants, as well as increased exhalation of pentane with
      age are indicative of free, radical-induced molecular damage. Metabolic rate
      influences the rate of age-related changes. There is an overlapping compensatory
      balance between various components of the antioxidant defense system. The total
      antioxidant capacity of cells tends to decline with age. A dynamic equilibrium
      may exist between the rate of free radical generation and antioxidant levels. The
      establishment of this equilibrium is associated with differentiation. It is
      hypothesized that loss of the equilibrium between free radical generation and
      antioxidant defenses results in dysdifferentiation, aging and cancer.

PMID- 4062826
TI  - Cell to cell interactions contributing to the "oxygen paradox".
AB  - Intact rat hearts demonstrate a sudden release of cytoplasmic proteins when they
      are subjected to reoxygenation following anoxic injury (oxygen paradox).
      Reoxygenation enzyme release is associated with cellular swelling and contraction
      band necrosis. Reoxygenation damage is reduced by mitochondrial inhibitors, and
      DMSO which prevent cellular hypercontracture. An oxygen paradox also occurs
      during reperfusion of ischemic hearts but has not been reported to occur in
      isolated adult myocyte preparations. The absence of cell interactions in
      reoxygenated isolated cell preparations could allow unrestrained contracture to
      occur without transmission of disruptive forces to cell membranes. Other equally
      plausible explanations have not, however, been ruled out. Future studies will be
      required to establish the pathogenesis of the oxygen paradox and explain its
      apparent absence in the isolated adult myocyte model of cell injury.

PMID- 4062827
TI  - Contracture development in anoxia: the importance of asynchrony.
AB  - Several studies have reported a linear correlation between ATP levels, measured
      on isolated adult heart cells exposed to anoxia, and cellular configuration. The
      case is presented here for the viewpoint that these results can best be explained
      by an asynchronous decline in cellular ATP levels. By asynchrony we mean that an
      individual cell maintains a constant high level of ATP for a lag period until
      some point when, over a short period of time, the ATP level suddenly drops to
      near zero; the time spread of the decline in total measured ATP then arises from
      a spread in lag periods amongst the cells. By contrast, the synchronous view
      assumes that the time spread of the decline in total measured ATP reflects the
      simultaneous slow decline of ATP levels within each cell. These viewpoints have
      important consequences for elucidating the etiology of cell death.

PMID- 4062828
TI  - Evidence from aequorin for injury of metabolically inhibited myocytes
      independently of free Ca2+.
AB  - The calcium-sensitive photoprotein aequorin has been used to measure cytoplasmic
      free Ca in single rat ventricle myocytes during metabolic inhibition. Rounding-up
      of the myocytes, and blebbing of the surface, occurred while free Ca remained at
      normal resting levels of 1 to 3 X 10(-7)M. Control over free Ca is less
      susceptible to metabolic blockade than is structural organization.

PMID- 4062829
TI  - The calcium and the oxygen paradox: non-existent on the cellular level.
AB  - Ca2+-tolerant isolated adult heart cells can be exposed to 1 mM EGTA and then
      again to 1 mM CaCl2 without developing irreversible hypercontracture. Thus, they
      are not subject to the calcium paradox, even though they apparently become more
      permeable to Na+ during Ca2+-free incubation. When these cells are incubated
      anoxically without substrate they slowly lose their energetic reserves. The
      process resembles that of the arrested anoxic myocardium. The appearance of
      irreversibly hypercontracted cells is neither accompanied by a parallel increase
      in enzyme release nor by an aggravation of the anoxia-induced damage by
      reoxygenation. Thus these cells are not subject to the oxygen paradox. It is
      suggested that the differences between the myocytes' behaviour in tissue and in
      the isolated state are due to the fact that the isolated cells are free from
      mechanical interactions with adjacent cells.

PMID- 4062830
TI  - Studies of oxygen and volume restriction in cultured cardiac cells. II. The
      glucose effect.
AB  - An ischaemia-like state in cultured heart cells has been obtained by markedly
      restricting the volume of extracellular medium combined with total deprivation of
      oxygen (anoxia) and glucose. Cellular injury, as reflected by the release of both
      cytoplasmic and lysosomal enzymes was significantly greater than during anoxia
      alone (oxygen deprivation with a larger extracellular volume). This is most
      likely due to inadequate washout of metabolites during "ischaemia" rather than
      reduced energy production since glycolytic flux as reflected by lactate
      production was similar in both experimental states. Glucose administration during
      either anoxia or "ischaemia" delayed enzyme release. We believe that cytoplasmic
      enzymes are released mainly during the reversible period of oxygen deprivation,
      while lysosomal enzyme release reflects the onset or irreversible injury,
      occurring at a time when ATP levels and glycogen stores are almost completely
      exhausted.

PMID- 4062831
TI  - Substrates for the attachment of adult cardiac myocytes in culture.
AB  - To achieve early cellular attachment of isolated adult cardiac myocytes in
      primary culture, various procedures were tested. A selective attachment of rod
      shaped cells can be obtained either on serum-preincubated tissue-culture plastic
      dishes, or on modified plastic materials to which serum proteins are bound
      covalently, or on laminin. For the pretreatment of tissues culture dishes fetal
      calf serum is better suited than other sera.

PMID- 4062832
TI  - Adaptation phenomena of adult cardiac myocytes in culture.
AB  - Adult ventricular muscle cells attach firmly on serum pretreated tissue culture
      dishes during the first 3 hours of incubation. During one week of serum-free
      culturing in M-199 medium their ultrastructure changes only little, as opposed to
      their behaviour in a coculture with hepatocytes. In culture, adjacent myocytes
      develop new intercellular contacts some of which exhibit the morphological
      characteristics of nexus. During one week in the monoculture, spontaneous beating
      is not observed, but in the coculture system it is found after three days in
      flat, structurally transforming cells.

PMID- 4062833
TI  - Intracellular Ca2+ shifts during the Ca2+ paradox.
AB  - The distribution of Ca2+ is assessed cytochemically in isolated rat hearts
      subjected to low Ca2+ environment with and without subsequent reexposure to
      normal external Ca2+. The same is done for isolated rat cardiac myocytes. The
      inclusion of 15 microM Ca2+ in the perfusate predisposes hearts to a partial
      paradox with increasing intensity towards the subepicardium. In affected areas,
      morphologically characterized by deviation of the lamina externa from the surface
      coat-sarcolemma and separation of some regions of the intercalated disk, the
      sarcolemma was devoid of Ca2+ deposits. Upon reperfusion, irreversible contracted
      cells with ruptured sarcolemma showed accumulation of Ca2+ precipitate in
      mitochondrial matrices. In non-affected cells (subendocardium) sarcolemmal Ca2+
      was normal and mitochondria were virtually devoid of Ca2+ precipitate. Isolated
      myocytes were insensitive to Ca2+ deprivation and/or repletion and no Ca2+ shifts
      were demonstrated. These observations suggest a role for sarcolemma-bound Ca2+ in
      the integrity of this membrane.

PMID- 4062834
TI  - Surface structures of the heart cell and their role in contractile control.
AB  - Studies which focus on calcium (Ca) at the cellular surface indicate: Ca in the
      vascular and interstitial spaces is in rapid equilibrium with that bound within
      the sarcolemmal-glycocalyx complex of the cell. At [Ca]o of 1.0-1.5 mM 80-85% of
      this Ca is bound to phospholipid of the sarcolemmal bilayer and amounts to 500
      700 mumoles/kg wet wt. tissue. Phospholipids of net anionic charge
      (phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol) or zwitterionic structure
      (phosphatidylethanolamine) are likely to play a predominant role in the binding.
      Augmentation of net anionic charge (formation of phosphatidate by phospholipase
      D, addition of dodecylsulfate) of the sarcolemma augments Ca binding and is
      positively inotropic. Conversely, insertion of a cationic amphiphile (Polymyxin
      B, dodecyltrimethylamine) displaces Ca and is negatively inotropic. Augmentation
      of anionic Ca binding sites induces a significant increase of Na-Ca exchange in
      sarcolemmal vesicles which may contribute to the associated positive inotropy
      found in the intact myocardium.

PMID- 4062835
TI  - Ultrastructure of the sarcolemma and intercalated disc in isolated rat myocytes.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the sarcolemma in isolated calcium-tolerant myocytes has
      been compared with that of myocytes in the intact heart, using thin section and
      freeze-fracture electron microscopical techniques. Data on the density and
      distribution of intramembrane particles and on the topography of Z-folds in the
      general (i.e. non-disc) sarcolemma are summarised. The fate of gap junctions on
      separation of the intercalated disc membranes has been studied i) at intervals
      after isolation, ii) using cationized ferritin as an extracellular marker and
      iii) by serial sectioning. The results of these studies help explain how ionic
      integrity of the individual isolated cells may be maintained.

PMID- 4062836
TI  - Structural and functional characteristics of cardiac myocytes.
AB  - Canine and rat cardiac myocytes, prepared by proteolytic disaggregation, retain
      morphological and topographical features of intact tissue. Cells are rod-shaped
      and are cleanly separated at their sarcolemmal and intercalated disc borders.
      Cells demonstrate glucose and fatty acid uptake and metabolic features comparable
      to intact organ, and are responsive to insulin and epinephrine, but nor
      carnitine. Although rat cardiac cells contain immunodetectable lipoprotein
      lipase, they are incapable of metabolizing extracellular lipoprotein
      triglyceride, nor the glycerol or monoglyceride moieties of the triglyceride.
      These and other metabolic characteristics suggest that cardiac cells can provide
      a useful cellular model for studies on cardiac pathophysiology.

PMID- 4062837
TI  - Oxygen demand of calcium-tolerant adult cardiac myocytes.
AB  - Isolated Ca2+-tolerant myocytes are mechanically at rest. Therefore, minimal
      oxygen demands should be expected. If oxygen consumption is measured without
      mechanical agitation of the cells, consumption rates comparable to those of the
      arrested myocardium are measured. In the current literature, much higher values
      are usually reported. It is suggested that these are due to mechanical
      stimulation of the cells in stirred suspensions.

PMID- 4062838
TI  - Oxygen transport in isolated cardiac myocytes.
AB  - A preparation of isolated cardiac myocytes, retaining functional and structural
      properties of myocytes in the intact heart, has been used to measure
      intracellular oxygen pressure gradients. These are shallow and do not exceed 2
      torr. Oxygen does not limit mitochondrial function in the cardiac myocyte until
      intracellular myoglobin is almost entirely deoxygenated. Most of the large oxygen
      pressure gradient in the working heart must be extracellular.

PMID- 4062839
TI  - Spontaneous versus triggered contractions of "calcium-tolerant" cardiac cells
      from the adult rat ventricle.
AB  - Cardiac cells were isolated from the adult rat ventricle by an enzymatic
      treatment. The cells considered intact were quiescent in the presence of 2.5 mM
      free Ca2+ but responded to an electrical stimulation by an homogeneous and brief
      contraction. When the procedure failed, spontaneous cyclic contractions occurred.
      Often they propagated as a wave from an intercalated disk, and the tension
      recording showed several components in each contraction. Electrical stimulation
      at a frequency higher than that of the spontaneous contractions induced
      synchronous activation with a single component of the tension. Experiments in
      skinned cardiac cells suggested that the spontaneous cyclic contractions observed
      in enzymatically separated cardiac cells are caused by a spontaneous cyclic
      release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). This spontaneous release
      requires a Ca2+ overload of the SR. Its mechanism is different from that of the
      Ca2+-induced release of Ca2+, which is elicited by a rapid increase of [free
      Ca2+] at the outer surface of the SR of a previously quiescent skinned cell.

PMID- 4062840
TI  - Barriers in cardiac substrate supply.
AB  - The capillary wall, due to its diffusional resistance, causes concentration
      differences between the vascular space and the interstitial space for substances
      which are released or taken up by the heart. Estimation of capillary transfer and
      interstitial concentration in isolated hearts, however, indicates a variable
      diffusional resistance, which in the case of glucose results from an insulin
      dependent transfer mechanism and in the case of lactate from a dependence of
      lactate transfer on lactate concentration or direction of transfer. Due to the
      unpredictable interstitial concentration investigation of sarcolemmal transfer
      appears to be possible at present only with isolated cardiac myocytes.
      Sarcolemmal transfer was studied for glucose and lactate. Recent investigations
      of lactate transfer revealed saturation kinetics, dependence on pyruvate
      (inhibition at low lactate concentration and enhancement at high lactate
      concentration) and dependence on pH (linear increase with lowered pH [8.0 to
      6.7]).

PMID- 4062841
TI  - Molecular mechanisms regulating myocardial glucose oxidation.
AB  - In heart muscle regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex activity by
      reversible phosphorylation is the major determinant of glucose oxidation under
      physiological conditions and in diabetes. Altered mitochondrial concentrations of
      effectors of PDH kinase and phosphatase (metabolites, Ca2+, H+) appear to explain
      effects of oxidation of lipid fuels, myocardial contraction and ischaemia on PDH
      complex activity. The effects of diabetes and starvation are mediated in addition
      by protein(s) which increase the activity of PDH kinase. End product inhibition
      by NADH may be important in ischaemia.

PMID- 4062842
TI  - [Functional anatomy of the finger tensor apparatus under physiological and
      pathological conditions. 2].

PMID- 4062843
TI  - [Craniocerebral injuries within the framework of multiple injuries].

PMID- 4062844
TI  - [Fatal adrenal gland hemorrhage after implantation of a total endoprosthesis and
      anticoagulant therapy].

PMID- 4062845
TI  - [Radiologic measurement of wear and tear at the polyethylene joint cavity in
      total hip endoprosthesis].

PMID- 4062846
TI  - [Intertrochanteric flexion osteotomy in the management of a pertrochanteric
      femoral fracture].

PMID- 4062847
TI  - [The toe flexion test for the recognition of early stages of functional disorders
      and deformities of the forefoot].

PMID- 4062848
TI  - [The incomplete manifestation of the nail-patella syndrome as a problem in
      differential diagnosis].

PMID- 4062849
TI  - [The cartilage surface of synovial joints].

PMID- 4062850
TI  - [Arthroscopy of the knee joint--results in 300 cases].

PMID- 4062851
TI  - [The surgical treatment of humeroscapular periarthritis].

PMID- 4062852
TI  - [Behavior of the patella in the Guepar model knee endoprosthesis].

PMID- 4062853
TI  - [Hip joint development following simultaneous intertrochanteric varus rotation
      osteotomy and Pemberton's pericapsular ilium osteotomy].

PMID- 4062854
TI  - [Clinical and radiological observations following joint-preserving operations in
      idiopathic femur head necrosis].

PMID- 4062855
TI  - [Evaluation of static stability in fracture healing--animal experiment study].

PMID- 4062856
TI  - [Professional terminology of polytrauma].

PMID- 4062857
TI  - [Early functional treatment of stable fractures of the thoracic and lumbar
      spine].

PMID- 4062858
TI  - [Results of treatment of open femoral fractures in 11 years' case material].

PMID- 4062859
TI  - [Personal views on the operative treatment of patellar fractures].

PMID- 4062860
TI  - [Aiming device for facilitating implantation of osteosynthesis material in the
      femoral neck].

PMID- 4062861
TI  - [Technic of arthrography of the thumb saddle joint].

PMID- 4062862
TI  - [A universally usable pneumatic hand dynamometer].

PMID- 4062863
TI  - Comparison of kinetic study of the photochemical changes of (ZZ)-bilirubin IX
      alpha bound to human serum albumin with that bound to rat serum albumin.
AB  - It has been stated by McDonagh, Palma & Lightner [(1982) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104,
      6867-6871] that complexing of bilirubin with serum albumin has a marked species
      dependent influence on bilirubin photoisomerization in vitro and in vivo.
      Therefore the kinetics for the quantitatively important reaction: (Formula: see
      text) of the photochemical interconversion between bilirubin and its photoisomers
      bound to human or rat serum albumin in aqueous solution, assayed by h.p.l.c., was
      used to elucidate the observed species-dependent difference. The relative rate
      constants for bilirubin bound to human serum albumin, except for k4, the rate of
      interconversion from (ZZ)-bilirubin into (EZ)-bilirubin, proved to be
      considerably larger than those for bilirubin bound to rat serum albumin. In
      accordance with these rate constants, the formation of photoisomers of bilirubin
      bound to human serum albumin, except for (EZ)-bilirubin, is very rapid and much
      greater than that for bilirubin bound to rat serum albumin.

PMID- 4062864
TI  - The effect of acute ethanol treatment on rates of oxygen uptake, ethanol
      oxidation and gluconeogenesis in isolated rat hepatocytes.
AB  - In hepatocytes isolated from fed rats, acute ethanol pretreatment (at a dose of
      5.0 g/kg body wt.) did not change rates of O2 uptake. In cells from starved
      animals, acute ethanol pretreatment increased O2 uptake by 17-29%. The increased
      O2 uptake in hepatocytes from starved rats was not accompanied by increased rates
      of ethanol oxidation, but was accompanied by increased rates of gluconeogenesis
      under some conditions. The provision of ethanol (10 mM) as a substrate to cells
      from fed or starved rats decreased O2 uptake in the absence of other substrates
      or in the presence of lactate, and increased it in the presence of pyruvate or
      lactate and pyruvate. The results of this study show that the acute effects of
      ethanol on liver O2 uptake are dependent on the physiological state of the liver.
      Previously reported large (2-fold) increases in O2 uptake after acute ethanol
      pretreatment may have been an artefact owing to low control uptake rates
      (approximately 1.8 micromol/min per g wet wt. of cells) in the liver preparation
      used. The ATP contents (2.4-2.6 micromol/g wet wt. of cells) and rates of O2
      uptake (2.5-5.0 micromol/min per g wet wt. of cells) of cells used in the present
      study were the same as values reported under conditions close to those in vivo.
      Therefore the increase in O2 uptake in cells from starved rats after acute
      ethanol pretreatment is likely to be of physiological significance.

PMID- 4062865
TI  - A new negatively regulated acute-phase phosphoprotein synthesized by rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - The effect of acute inflammation on the production of the major phosphorylated
      protein (PP63) excreted by rat hepatocytes was investigated. Both intra- and
      extracellular forms of the protein labelled with [32P]Pi, [3H]fucose and
      [35S]methionine were immunoprecipitated with monospecific polyclonal antibodies,
      and relative rates of PP63 synthesis were measured. The hepatocytes of acutely
      inflamed rats produced and excreted 85% less 32P- and 3H-labelled PP63 than did
      control cells. This decreased amount of PP63 did not result from an impairment in
      the phosphorylation or glycosylation processes or from a blockade in excretion,
      but rather was found to be due to extensive shut-off in biosynthesis of the
      protein as measured by [35S]methionine incorporation. Thus PP63 would appear to
      represent a new negatively regulated acute-phase protein.

PMID- 4062866
TI  - Isoenzymes of glutathione transferase in rat kidney cytosol.
AB  - Glutathione transferases from rat kidney cytosol were purified about 40-fold by
      chromatography on S-hexylglutathione linked to epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B.
      Further purification by fast protein liquid chromatography with chromatofocusing
      in the pH interval 10.6-7.6 resolved five major peaks of activity with 1-chloro
      2,4-dinitrobenzene as the second substrate. Four of the peaks were identified
      with rat liver transferases 1-1, 1-2, 2-2 and 4-4 respectively. The criteria used
      for identification included physical properties, reactions with specific
      antibodies, substrate specificities and sensitivities to several inhibitors. The
      fourth major peak is a 'new' form of transferase, which has not been found in rat
      liver. This isoenzyme, glutathione transferase 7-7, has a lower apparent subunit
      Mr than any of the transferases isolated from rat liver cytosol, and does not
      react with antibodies raised against the liver enzymes. Glutathione transferases
      3-3 and 3-4, which are abundant in liver, were only present in very small
      amounts. In a separate chromatofocusing separation in a lower pH interval, an
      additional peak was eluted at pH 6.3. This isoenzyme is characterized by its high
      activity with ethacrynic acid.

PMID- 4062868
TI  - Extended-X-ray-absorption-fine-structure investigations of zinc in 5
      aminolaevulinate dehydratase.
AB  - The zinc co-ordination in 5-aminolaevulinate dehydratase (5-aminolaevulinate
      hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.24) was investigated by recording and interpreting the
      extended X-ray-absorption fine structure (e.x.a.f.s.) associated with the zinc K
      edge. The enzyme has a molecular mass of 280 000 Da and consists of eight
      subunits of 35 000 Da each; the samples studied contained approx. 1 g-atom of
      zinc/mol of subunit. Four forms of the enzyme were investigated and details of
      the zinc environment were elucidated, as follows. In the native enzyme, zinc is
      considered to be co-ordinated to three sulphur atoms at 0.228(2)nm [2.28(2)A] and
      a lower-Z atom at 0.192(5)nm [1.92(5)A] (if nitrogen) or 0.189(5)nm [1.89(5)A]
      (if oxygen). Reaction of the enzyme with the inhibitor 2-bromo-3-(imidazol-5
      yl)propionic acid produced significant changes in the e.x.a.f.s., the nature of
      which are consistent with co-ordination by about three sulphur atoms at
      0.222(2)nm [2.22(2)A], a nitrogen atom at 0.193(5)nm [1.93(5)A] and a nitrogen
      atom from the inhibitor at 0.214(5)nm [2.14(5)A]. Inactivation of the enzyme by
      air-oxidation of essential thiol groups and binding of the substrate produce
      slight changes in the e.x.a.f.s. consistent with slight re-arrangement of ligands
      with additional lighter ligands (nitrogen or oxygen). These results, when
      combined with previous findings, are taken to indicate that zinc has a structural
      rather than a direct catalytic role in 5-aminolaevulinate dehydratase.

PMID- 4062869
TI  - Evaluation of inhibitor constants and alkylation rates for a series of thrombin
      affinity labels.
AB  - The kinetics for the inactivation of thrombin (EC 3.4.21.5) by a series of
      peptides containing C-terminal arginyl chloromethane in the presence of substrate
      were determined. The inhibitor effectiveness was analysed so as to allow for both
      the evaluation of the affinity with which the enzyme binds the inhibitor before
      irreversible modification and also the rate of covalent-bond formation between
      enzyme and inhibitor. The results obtained show that the observed large range in
      inhibitor effectiveness can be accounted for almost entirely by marked
      differences in affinity, with only small variations in rates of formation of
      covalent complex.

PMID- 4062867
TI  - Retinol esterification in cultured rat liver cells.
AB  - Retinol esterification was examined in cultured hepatocytes and stellate cells
      from the rat. Esterification of [3H]retinol was linear for 2 h in both cell
      types. By increasing the concentration of retinol in the medium, there was a
      marked increase in retinol esterification in both cell types. The capacity for
      esterification of retinol was in the same order of magnitude in the two cell
      types at 3.5 microM-retinol in the medium. This represents a rate of retinol
      esterification which far exceeds that required to esterify the amount of retinol
      absorbed in the intestine. It was demonstrated in particulate homogenates from
      cultured hepatocytes that the esterification of retinol was dependent on acyl
      CoA. Addition of 25-hydroxycholesterol or mevalonolactone promoted an increase in
      cholesterol esterification, whereas retinol esterification was unaffected,
      suggesting that cholesterol and retinol are esterified by two different enzymes.
      Some 80% of vitamin A in cultured hepatocytes is retinyl esters, mostly retinyl
      palmitate. By adding 87 microM-retinol in the medium the cells accumulated 100
      fold free retinol and 2.5-3.0-fold retinyl esters within 1 h. When retinol-loaded
      cells were incubated without retinol, there was a marked decrease especially in
      free but also in esterified retinol. In the presence of 1 mM-oleic acid in the
      medium the amount of retinyl oleate was twice that in control cells.

PMID- 4062870
TI  - Regulation of lipolysis during pregnancy and lactation in sheep. Response to
      noradrenaline and adenosine.
AB  - The effects of pregnancy and lactation on lipolysis in sheep adipose tissue in
      vitro were investigated. Neither pregnancy nor lactation altered the basal rate
      of lipolysis. The rate of noradrenaline-stimulated lipolysis was directly
      proportional to adipocyte mean cell volume. Lactation, but not pregnancy,
      increased the response to noradrenaline, but had no effect on the ED50 of
      noradrenaline. The adenosine analogue N6-phenylisopropyladenosine decreased the
      rate of lipolysis in the presence of noradrenaline; the effect was greater with
      adipose tissue from lactating than from control, unmated, sheep. Results are
      discussed in relation to the need of sheep to mobilize lipid during early
      lactation to support milk production.

PMID- 4062871
TI  - Microcompartmentation of transported carnitine, acetylcarnitine and ADP occurs in
      the mitochondrial matrix. Implications for transport measurements and metabolism.
AB  - Monitoring of the exchange-diffusion of carnitine, acetylcarnitine and ADP by
      measuring the influx of radioactive substrates into mitochondria or their efflux,
      as commonly employed, underestimated their true transport. Higher transport rates
      were realized when the imports were monitored by analysing, in the entire
      incubation medium, formation of metabolites that could proceed only after the
      substrate import. A recycling of substrate present in an inner microenvironment
      near the translocase and in the external medium appeared to be responsible for
      these results. Microcompartmentation of carnitine was observable also at 30
      degrees C. These findings strengthen the concept that a sharing of a
      microcompartment between transporters and enzymes metabolizing the entered
      substrates occurs and appears to offer a kinetic advantage for the reactions
      involved. The possibility that different segments of metabolism involving the
      same substrate may proceed at different loci within the matrix and thus be
      amenable to independent controls is also indicated by these findings.

PMID- 4062872
TI  - Decreased urea synthesis in cafeteria-diet-induced obesity in the rat.
AB  - Feeding rats with a cafeteria diet resulted in increases in total body weight and
      in epididymal-adipose-tissue weight. Those rats excreted significantly less N
      than did controls. The amount of N ingested by cafeteria-diet-fed rats was kept
      equal to that of controls. This decrease in N excretion is explained by a
      decrease in urinary excretion of urea. This may be due to the following facts.
      The rate of synthesis of urea from precursors by isolated hepatocytes from
      cafeteria-diet-fed rats was lower than in controls. In cafeteria-diet-fed rats
      the activities of all the enzymes of the urea cycle are decreased. The major
      percentage decreases are those of carbamoylphosphate synthetase (EC 6.3.4.16) and
      of argininosuccinate synthetase (EC 6.3.4.5), the enzymes probably involved in
      the regulation of the overall rate of the cycle. When rats are switched to normal
      chow diet, the enzyme activities return to normal values. The uptake of amino
      acids by liver of cafeteria-diet-fed rats is lower than in controls. These
      results contrast with those obtained previously by using other models of obesity
      in rat (i.e. genetic or hypothalamic), in which N excretion was increased.

PMID- 4062873
TI  - The microsomal dicarboxylyl-CoA synthetase.
AB  - Dicarboxylic acids are products of the omega-oxidation of monocarboxylic acids.
      We demonstrate that in rat liver dicarboxylic acids (C5-C16) can be converted
      into their CoA esters by a dicarboxylyl-CoA synthetase. During this activation
      ATP, which cannot be replaced by GTP, is converted into AMP and PPi, both acting
      as feedback inhibitors of the reaction. Thermolabile at 37 degrees C, and
      optimally active at pH 6.5, dicarboxylyl-CoA synthetase displays the highest
      activity on dodecanedioic acid (2 micromol/min per g of liver). Cell
      fractionation studies indicate that this enzyme belongs to the hepatic microsomal
      fraction. Investigations about the fate of dicarboxylyl-CoA esters disclosed the
      existence of an oxidase, which could be measured by monitoring the production of
      H2O2. In our assay conditions this H2O2 production is dependent on and closely
      follows the CoA consumption. It appears that the chain-length specificity of the
      handling of dicarboxylic acids by this catabolic pathway (activation to acyl-CoA
      and oxidation with H2O2 production) parallels the pattern of the degradation of
      exogenous dicarboxylic acids in vivo.

PMID- 4062874
TI  - The suicide inactivation of ox liver short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase by
      propionyl-CoA. Formation of an FAD adduct.
AB  - Propionyl-CoA gave an unexpectedly low turnover (0.03 s-1) and high Km (153
      microM) as a substrate for ox liver short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD). On
      addition of an excess of propionyl-CoA to SCAD the flavin A448 decreased to about
      30% of its original value and the peak at 368 nm was replaced by one at 335 nm.
      The decrease in A448 exhibited first-order kinetics and correlated with a first
      order decrease in the enzyme's catalytic activity to 22% of the initial value.
      The flavin, released from propionyl-CoA-treated enzyme with trichloroacetic acid,
      reacted with O2 to form a stable free radical. This suggests that a reduced N-5
      flavin adduct is formed on the enzyme and protected from O2. The released adduct
      was separated from unmodified flavin and excess propionyl-CoA by h.p.l.c., and
      was shown by 3H-labelling to contain CoA. The incompleteness of the decrease in
      the enzyme's A448 and specific activity on incubation with propionyl-CoA probably
      reflects an equilibrium between covalently and non-covalently bound acyl-CoA,
      since the spectral changes could be reversed. The enzyme was also re-activated by
      dilution and incubation with a large molar excess of butyryl-CoA. The rate
      constant, approx. 2 X 10(-3) s-1, for re-activation, taken with the extrapolated
      rate constant for the opposing inactivation reaction, 8.9 X 10(-3) s-1, explains
      the 22% residual activity at equilibrium. The results suggest that propionyl-CoA
      is a suicide inhibitor for SCAD.

PMID- 4062875
TI  - Evidence for adrenergic control of transcellular calcium distribution in liver.
AB  - Free Ca2+ concentration and 45Ca flux were measured in the perfusate and bile of
      the perfused rat liver. With a perfusate Ca2+ concentration of 1 mM, the bile
      concentration was 0.35 mM. The ratio of 45Ca in bile to that in blood increased
      from 0.3 to 0.6 over 90 min of perfusion. Both verapamil and adrenaline (via
      alpha-adrenergic receptors) increased the 45Ca bile/perfusate ratio to 0.8.
      Adrenaline infusion increased the bile Ca2+ concentration to 0.8 mM. This
      decreased to 0.35 mM after the infusion was stopped.

PMID- 4062876
TI  - Proteins of the kidney microvillar membrane. The 130 kDa protein in pig kidney,
      recognized by monoclonal antibody GK5C1, is an ectoenzyme with aminopeptidase
      activity.
AB  - The hybridoma GK5C1, secreting a monoclonal IgG1 antibody, was generated after
      immunizing a mouse with pig kidney microvillar membranes. An immunoradiometric
      assay showed that only kidney and intestine contained detectable amounts of the
      antigen recognized by the antibody, the highest concentration being observed in
      the ileum. Immunocytochemistry confirmed this observation and revealed that the
      antigen was associated with renal and intestinal brush borders. By 'Western'
      blotting, the antigen in kidney microvilli was shown to be a 130 kDa polypeptide.
      Papain treatment of the membrane before blotting converted the antigen to a 125
      kDa polypeptide, no longer associated with membrane. Immunoaffinity
      chromatography of detergent-solubilized kidney membranes yielded a pure 130 kDa
      protein. When one purification was monitored by the immunoradiometric assay, the
      yield was 3.5% and the purification factor was 1000-fold. The antigen constituted
      about 0.8% of the microvillar membrane protein. The protein could be
      reconstituted into liposomes, where electron microscopy revealed an asymmetric
      orientation, similar to that of ectoenzymes in this membrane. The stalk length
      was about 3 nm. In electron micrographs the purified protein appeared to be
      dimeric. A search for enzymic activity was rewarded when L-leucyl-L-tryptophan
      was observed to be hydrolysed. Failure to hydrolyse N-blocked peptides and the
      ability to release the N-terminal residue from extended peptides, including Leu
      Trp-Leu and Leu-Trp-Met-Arg, showed that the activity was that of an
      aminopeptidase. The enzyme was maximally active at pH 7.5 and irreversibly
      inactivated outside the range pH 6-10. This activity could not be attributed to
      trace contamination with aminopeptidase N. The best substrates so far identified
      for the 130 kDa protein were those with tryptophan in the P1', position. This
      protein is a new microvillar enzyme and it is proposed that it be called
      aminopeptidase W.

PMID- 4062877
TI  - Essentiality of the active-site arginine residue for the normal catalytic
      activity of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase.
AB  - Chemical modification of bovine and yeast Cu,Zn superoxide dismutases with
      phenylglyoxal diminishes the catalytic activities by greater than or equal to
      98%, and treatment of these enzymes with butanedione plus borate leads to greater
      than or equal to 96% inactivation. The activity loss is accompanied by the
      modification of less than two arginine residues per subunit with no concomitant
      loss of Cu or Zn. The phenylglyoxal-modified enzymes require at least a 20-fold
      greater concentration of cyanide for 50% inhibition than do the corresponding
      native enzymes. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and activity staining of the
      phenylglyoxal-inactivated enzymes demonstrate that the residual activity is
      largely associated with modified forms that bear lower net positive charge than
      the native superoxide dismutases.

PMID- 4062878
TI  - Proteolytic cleavage of [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine-labelled nucleoside
      transporter in human erythrocytes.
AB  - The transmembrane topology of the nucleoside transporter of human erythrocytes,
      which had been covalently photolabelled with [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine, was
      investigated by monitoring the effect of proteinases applied to intact
      erythrocytes and unsealed membrane preparations. Treatment of unsealed membranes
      with low concentrations of trypsin and chymotrypsin at 1 degree C cleaved the
      nucleoside transporter, a band 4.5 polypeptide, apparent Mr 66 000-45 000, to
      yield two radioactive fragments with apparent Mr 38 000 and 23 000. The fragment
      of Mr 38 000, in contrast to the Mr 23 000 fragment, migrated as a broad peak
      (apparent Mr 45 000-31 000) suggesting that carbohydrate was probably attached to
      this fragment. Similar treatment of intact cells under iso-osmotic saline
      conditions at 1 degree C had no effect on the apparent Mr of the
      [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine-labelled band 4.5, suggesting that at least one of the
      trypsin cleavage sites resulting in the apparent Mr fragments of 38 000 and 23
      000 is located at the cytoplasmic surface. However, at low ionic strengths the
      extracellular region of the nucleoside transporter is susceptible to trypsin
      proteolysis, indicating that the transporter is a transmembrane protein. In
      contrast, the extracellular region of the [3H]cytochalasin B-labelled glucose
      carrier, another band 4.5 polypeptide, was resistant to trypsin digestion.
      Proteolysis of the glucose transporter at the cytoplasmic surface generated a
      radiolabelled fragment of Mr 19 000 which was distinct from the Mr 23 000
      fragment radiolabelled with [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine. The affinity for the
      reversible binding of [3H]cytochalasin B and [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine to the
      glucose and nucleoside transporters, respectively, was lowered 2-3-fold following
      trypsin treatment of unsealed membranes, but the maximum number of inhibitor
      binding sites was unaffected despite the cleavage of band 4.5 to lower-Mr
      fragments.

PMID- 4062880
TI  - Masticatory lubrication. The role of carbohydrate in the lubricating property of
      a salivary glycoprotein-albumin complex.
AB  - We report for the first time a masticatory-lubrication assay system to assess the
      lubricating properties of salivary constituents. The lubricating ability of the
      proline-rich glycoprotein (PRG) of parotid saliva was enhanced by human serum
      albumin. The interactive effect of albumin was abolished by chemically
      deglycosylating the glycoprotein. Fluorescence spectroscopy with a hydrophobic
      probe verified the existence of a PRG-albumin complex and demonstrated that
      deglycosylation of the PRG altered the nature of its interaction with albumin.

PMID- 4062879
TI  - Functional characterization of constituent enzyme fractions of mycobacillin
      synthetase.
AB  - The enzyme fraction A, a constituent enzyme of the three-fraction enzyme
      mycobacillin synthetase, independently and sequentially activated five amino
      acids starting from L-proline, producing the pentapeptide Pro(Asp1,Glu1,Tyr1)Asp.
      The fractions B and C were unable to function independently. However, the
      fraction B synthesized the nonapeptide Pro(Asp3,Glu1,Tyr2,Ser1)Leu, sequentially
      activating the pentapeptide and next four amino acids, whereas the fraction C
      synthesized mycobacillin by the sequential activation of the nonapeptide and the
      remaining four amino acids. The pH optima of the above enzymes are almost
      identical (pH 7.8), but their Km values are a little different.

PMID- 4062881
TI  - Age- and activity-related changes in three proteinase enzymes of rat skeletal
      muscle.
AB  - The specific activities of three proteinases, cathepsins B, D and H, were
      measured in two skeletal-muscle types as a function of age (i.e. from large
      foetal life to old age), and in muscles immobilized at various lengths for 3
      days. The activities of the lysosomal endopeptidases B and D, but not H,
      consistently changed in parallel with previously determined rates of protein
      breakdown, indicating a good and potentially useful correlation between the two.

PMID- 4062883
TI  - Identification of a hyaluronic acid-binding protein that interferes with the
      preparation of high-buoyant-density proteoglycan aggregates from adult human
      articular cartilage.
AB  - Adult human articular cartilage contains a hyaluronic acid-binding protein of Mr
      60 000-75 000, which contains disulphide bonds essential for this interaction.
      The molecule can compete with proteoglycan subunits for binding sites on
      hyaluronic acid, and can also displace proteoglycan subunits from hyaluronic acid
      if their interaction is not stabilized by the presence of link proteins. The
      abundance of this protein in the adult accounts for the reported inability to
      prepare high-buoyant-density proteoglycan aggregates from extracts of adult human
      cartilage [Roughley, White, Poole & Mort (1984) Biochem. J. 221, 637-644],
      whereas the deficiency of the protein in newborn human cartilage allows the
      normal recovery of proteoglycan aggregates from this tissue. The protein shares
      many common features with a hyaluronic acid-binding region derived by proteolytic
      treatment of a proteoglycan aggregate preparation, and this may also represent
      its origin in the cartilage, with its production increasing during tissue
      maturation.

PMID- 4062882
TI  - pH-dependence of the phospholipid interaction of diphtheria-toxin fragments.
AB  - Photoreactive phospholipids have been used to probe the lipid interaction of
      diphtheria toxin. Low pH values induce the membrane insertion of both the binding
      and enzymic fragments of the toxin. The efficiency of this process is much higher
      with asolectin than with egg lecithin (phosphatidylcholine)/cholesterol
      liposomes. The low-pH-induced interaction of the toxin fragments with the
      membrane hydrocarbon phase is more evident for the enzymic A-chain than for the
      binding B-chain, and it is fully reversed by returning the pH to neutrality.

PMID- 4062884
TI  - Comparison of several non-linear-regression methods for fitting the Michaelis
      Menten equation.
AB  - The known jackknife methods (i.e. standard jackknife, weighted jackknife, linear
      jackknife and weighted linear jackknife) for the determination of the parameters
      (as well as of their confidence regions) were tested and compared with the simple
      Marquardt's technique (comprising the calculation of confidence intervals from
      the variance-co-variance matrix). The simulated data corresponding to the
      Michaelis-Menten equation with defined structure and magnitude of error of the
      dependent variable were used for fitting. There were no essential differences
      between the results of both point and interval parameter estimations by the
      tested methods. Marquardt's procedure yielded slightly better results than the
      jackknives for five scattered data points (the use of this method is advisable
      for routine analyses). The classical jackknife was slightly superior to the other
      methods for 20 data points (this method can be recommended for very precise
      calculations if great numbers of data are available). The weighting does not seem
      to be necessary in this type of equation because the parameter estimates obtained
      with all methods with the use of constant weights were comparable with those
      calculated with the weights corresponding exactly to the real error structure
      whereas the relative weighting led to rather worse results.

PMID- 4062885
TI  - The recovery of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes from sublytic complement
      attack is mediated by changes in intracellular free calcium.
AB  - Using polymorphonuclear leucocyte-erythrocyte ghost hybrids entrapping the
      calcium-activated photoprotein obelin, we have demonstrated that sublytic amounts
      of the complement membrane attack complex induce a rapid but transient increase
      in intracellular free calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i). This increase in
      [Ca2+]i occurs prior to, and is required for, rapid removal of membrane attack
      complexes from the cell surface. The increase in [Ca2+]i is not only due to
      increased influx from outside the cell, but also results from mobilization of
      intracellular stores. The possible mechanism of mobilization of calcium, and the
      importance of an increase in [Ca2+]i as a mediator of recovery processes in
      nucleated cells, are discussed.

PMID- 4062886
TI  - Effects of bis(guanylhydrazones) on the activity and expression of ornithine
      decarboxylase.
AB  - Derivatives of glyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (GBG), such as methylglyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone) and ethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), are potent inhibitors
      of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50), the key enzyme required for
      the synthesis of spermidine and spermine. These compounds, but not the parent
      compound, induce a massive accumulation of putrescine, partly by blocking the
      conversion of putrescine into spermidine, but also by strikingly stimulating
      ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4.1.1.17) activity. The mechanism of the
      stimulation of ODC activity and enhanced accumulation of the enzyme protein
      apparently involved a distinct stabilization of the enzyme against intracellular
      degradation. However, although the parent compound GBG also stabilized ODC, it
      powerfully inhibited the enzyme activity and the accumulation of immunoreactive
      protein in cultured L1210 leukaemia cells. Kinetic considerations indicated that,
      in addition to the stabilization, all three compounds, GBG in particular,
      inhibited the expression of ODC. It is unlikely that the decreased rate of
      synthesis of ODC was attributable to almost unaltered amounts of mRNA in drug
      treated cells, thus supporting the view that especially GBG apparently depressed
      the expression of ODC at some post-transcriptional level.

PMID- 4062887
TI  - Ketone-body metabolism after partial hepatectomy in the rat.
AB  - Fed or 24 h-starved rats were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy or sham
      operation and subsequently starved for 4, 14 or 24 h. Despite high plasma fatty
      acid concentrations, the partially hepatectomized rats failed to respond to post
      operative starvation with increased blood and liver ketone-body concentrations or
      to maintain the high ketone-body concentrations associated with pre-operative
      starvation. Hypoglycaemia and hyperlactaemia were observed within 30 min of
      functional hepatectomy, but not partial hepatectomy, of 24 h-starved rats, and,
      even after a further 24 h starvation of partially hepatectomized rats, blood
      glucose concentrations were only slightly decreased. The results are discussed
      with reference to fat oxidation and gluconeogenesis in the liver remaining after
      partial hepatectomy.

PMID- 4062888
TI  - Isolation of complement-fragment-iC3b-binding proteins by affinity
      chromatography. The identification of p150,95 as an iC3b-binding protein.
AB  - The proteins from labelled human spleen membranes and polymorphonuclear
      leucocytes which bind to the iC3b fragment of complement component C3 were
      prepared by iC3b-Sepharose chromatography in the presence of bivalent cations.
      Complement receptor type 3(CR3) was eluted from iC3b-Sepharose by removal of
      bivalent cations. Complement receptors type 1 and 2 (present in spleen but not in
      polymorphonuclear leucocytes) were sequentially eluted by an NaCl gradient. An
      additional protein of Mr 135 000 was eluted from iC3b-Sepharose under the same
      conditions as those used to elute CR3. Preabsorption of the starting material on
      an anti-(CR3 beta-subunit) antibody column before iC3b-Sepharose chromatography
      removed the alpha- and beta-chains of CR3 and the 135 000-Mr protein.
      Preabsorption with iC3b-Sepharose before the anti-(CR3 beta-subunit) antibody
      column showed that iC3b binds CR3 and p150,95, the smallest member of the group
      of three homologous proteins that share the same beta-subunit.

PMID- 4062889
TI  - Antigenic sites of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

PMID- 4062890
TI  - Antigenicity of synthetic peptides 159-169 and 151-169 of Torpedo acetylcholine
      receptor alpha chain.

PMID- 4062891
TI  - Antigenicity of the sequence 152-167 in alpha subunits of Torpedo acetylcholine
      receptor.

PMID- 4062892
TI  - Arginine residues are critical for the heparin-cofactor activity of antithrombin
      III.
AB  - A dilution/quench technique was used to monitor the time course of chemical
      modification on the heparin-cofactor (a) and progressive thrombin-inhibitory (b)
      activities of human antithrombin III. Treatment of antithrombin III (AT III) with
      2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonate at pH 8.3 and 25 degrees C leads to the loss of
      (a) at 60-fold more rapid rate than the loss of (b). This is consistent with
      previous reports [Rosenberg & Damus (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 6490-6505; Pecon &
      Blackburn (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 935-938] that lysine residues are involved
      in the binding of heparin to AT III, but not in thrombin binding. Treatment of AT
      III with phenylglyoxal at pH 8.3 and 25 degrees C again leads to a more rapid
      loss of (a) than of (b), with the loss of the former proceeding at a 4-fold
      faster rate. The presence of heparin during modification with phenylglyoxal
      significantly decreases the rate of loss of (a). Full loss of (a) correlates with
      the modification of seven arginine residues per inhibitor molecule, whereas loss
      of (b) does not commence until approximately four arginine residues are modified
      and is complete upon the modification of approximately eleven arginine residues
      per inhibitor molecule. This suggests that (the) arginine residue(s) in AT III
      are involved in the binding of heparin in addition to the known role of Arg-393
      at the thrombin-recognition site [Rosenberg & Damus (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248,
      6490-6505; Jornvall, Fish & Bjork (1979) FEBS Lett. 106, 358-362].

PMID- 4062893
TI  - Analysis of progress curves for a highly concentrated Michaelian enzyme in the
      presence or absence of product inhibition.
AB  - Methods are given for analysing the time course of an enzyme-catalysed reaction
      when the concentration of the enzyme itself is high, a situation which is often
      found in vivo. (1) The integrated form of the kinetic equation for a concentrated
      Michaelian enzyme in absence of product inhibition is given. Parameters are shown
      to be calculated easily using non-linear fitting procedures. (2) A general
      algorithm to analyse progress-curve data in more complex cases (i.e. when the
      analytical form of the integrated rate equation is not known or is exceedingly
      complex) is proposed. This algorithm may be used for any enzyme mechanism for
      which the differential form of the kinetic equation may be written analytically.
      We show that the method allows differentiation between the main types of product
      inhibition which may occur in the case of a highly concentrated Michaelian
      enzyme.

PMID- 4062894
TI  - A new appraisal of the endoglucanases of the fungus Trichoderma reesei.
AB  - The properties and enzymic activity of endoglucanases (EC 3.2.1.4) of the fungus
      Trichoderma reesei were studied by means of immunological methods and by using
      polyglycosidic substrates. Endoglucanases exist in the culture liquid as a series
      of immunologically related components. The most active endoglucanase component
      has an Mr of 43 000 and pI value of 4.0. The most abundant components have a
      value of pI about 5.0, an Mr of 56 000-67 000 and specific activity only one
      fifth of that of the pI-4.0 component. During purification and storage the
      endoglucanases are spontaneously modified; the relative proportion of components
      having greater Mr values, more alkaline pI values and lower specific activities
      is increased. The hexose content of the endoglucanase components is 2-7%.
      Endoglucanases hydrolyse soluble beta-1,4 glycans. The enzymes described here
      differ from endoglucanase preparations described previously in not showing
      activity towards insoluble substrates. The role of endoglucanases in wood
      hydrolysis is consequently limited to the stage where wood constituents are
      already in soluble form.

PMID- 4062895
TI  - Stromal protein phosphorylation in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts.
AB  - When intact spinach chloroplasts were supplied with [32P]Pi, stromal protein
      phosphorylation was found to occur in the dark. On illumination the thylakoid
      protein kinase was activated and the amount of label found in thylakoid proteins
      quickly exceeded that incorporated into stromal protein, such that the latter was
      found to account for only 10-15% of the total radioactivity bound to chloroplast
      proteins after 5 min illumination. The rate of phosphorylation of stromal
      polypeptides was unchanged by light. After SDS/polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis, more than 15 labelled polypeptides of stromal origin were
      observed. A polypeptide with an Mr of approx. 70 000 had the highest specific
      activity of labelling. Both the large and small subunits of the ribulose-1,5
      bisphosphate carboxylase were phosphorylated. The level of phosphorylation of
      stromal protein was increased by CO2 fixation in intact chloroplasts. This
      increase was not observed in the absence of NaHCO3 or in the presence of the
      phosphoribulokinase inhibitor DL-glyceraldehyde. These effects appeared to be
      largely due to changes in the phosphorylation state of the large and small
      subunits of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. Studies with the reconstituted
      chloroplast system showed that the thylakoid protein kinase(s) played no part in
      the phosphorylation of stromal protein. The rate and level of phosphorylation of
      stromal protein was unaffected by the activation state of the thylakoid protein
      kinase and was unchanged when thylakoids were omitted from the reaction medium.
      The phosphorylation of stromal proteins is therefore catalysed by a discrete
      soluble protein kinase.

PMID- 4062896
TI  - Kinetic independence of the subunits of cytosolic glutathione transferase from
      the rat.
AB  - The steady-state kinetics of the dimeric glutathione transferases deviate from
      Michaelis-Menten kinetics, but have hyperbolic binding isotherms for substrates
      and products of the enzymic reaction. The possibility of subunit interactions
      during catalysis as an explanation for the rate behaviour was investigated by use
      of rat isoenzymes composed of subunits 1, 2, 3 and 4, which have distinct
      substrate specificities. The kinetic parameter kcat./Km was determined with 1
      chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 4-hydroxyalk-2-enals, ethacrynic acid and trans-4
      phenylbut-3-en-2-one as electrophilic substrates for six isoenzymes: rat
      glutathione transferases 1-1, 1-2, 2-2, 3-3, 3-4 and 4-4. It was found that the
      kcat./Km values for the heterodimeric transferases 1-2 and 3-4 could be predicted
      from the kcat./Km values of the corresponding homodimers. Likewise, the initial
      velocities determined with transferases 3-3, 3-4 and 4-4 at different degrees of
      saturation with glutathione and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene demonstrated that the
      kinetic properties of the subunits are additive. These results show that the
      subunits of glutathione transferase are kinetically independent.

PMID- 4062897
TI  - Properties of cadmium-binding proteins in rat testes. Characteristics unlike
      metallothionein.
AB  - Since the exposure of rats to cadmium causes zinc to accumulate in
      metallothionein in liver and kidney but not in a similar protein in the testes,
      the properties of the low-Mr cadmium-binding proteins were investigated in rat
      testes. Weanling rats that had been given dietary cadmium for 6 weeks were
      injected with 109CdCl2 and subsequently killed, and the 109Cd-labelled low-Mr
      proteins from testes were purified. The pooled low-Mr cadmium-containing
      fractions from the gel-filtration (Sephadex G-75) columns were eluted through
      DEAE-Sephacel columns, yielding two peaks. Each of the individual peaks from this
      Sephacel column was further purified by rechromatography on DEAE-Sephacel and on
      Bio-Gel P-10 columns. Amino acid analysis of the two purified proteins revealed a
      low cysteine (about 3%) content, with aspartate, glutamate and glycine as the
      predominant amino acids. Thus these low-Mr cadmium-binding proteins induced by
      cadmium in rat testes do not appear to be metallothionein.

PMID- 4062898
TI  - Induction of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase in rat tissues by
      polyamines.
AB  - Treatment of rats with spermidine, spermine or sym-norspermidine led to a
      substantial induction of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase activity in
      liver, kidney and lung. The increase in this enzyme, which was determined
      independently of other acetylases by using a specific antiserum, accounted for
      all of the increased acetylase activity in extracts from rats treated with these
      polyamines. Spermine was the most active inducer, and the greatest effect was
      seen in liver. Liver spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase activity was
      increased about 300-fold within 6 h of treatment with 0.3 mmol/kg doses of
      spermine; activity in kidney increased 30-fold and activity in the lung 15-fold
      under these conditions. The increased spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase
      activity led to a large increase in the liver putrescine content and a decline in
      spermidine. These changes are due to the oxidation by polyamine oxidase of the N1
      acetylspermidine formed by the acetyltransferase. Our results indicated that
      spermidine was the preferred substrate in vivo of the acetylase/oxidase pathway
      for the conversion of the higher polyamines into putrescine. The induction of the
      spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase by polyamines may provide a mechanism by
      which excess polyamines can be removed.

PMID- 4062899
TI  - The effect of progesterone on prolactin stimulation of fatty acid synthesis,
      glycerolipid synthesis and lipogenic-enzyme activities in mammary glands of
      pseudopregnant rabbits, after explant culture or intraductal injection.
AB  - The activities of lipogenic enzymes, such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid
      synthetase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glycerolipid synthesis
      increased significantly in mammary explants of 11-day-pseudopregnant rabbits in
      response to prolactin, in the presence of near-physiological concentrations of
      insulin and corticosterone in culture. Increasing the concentration of
      progesterone in culture resulted in suppression of glycerolipid synthesis and
      activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase, but not the
      pentose phosphate dehydrogenases. However, at near-physiological concentration of
      progesterone, only acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity was decreased. Injection of
      prolactin intraductally into 11-day-pseudopregnant rabbits stimulated
      glycerolipid synthesis, fatty acid synthesis and enzymes involved in fatty acid
      synthesis, after 3 days. Intraductal injection of progesterone separately or
      together with prolactin had no significant effect on basal or stimulated
      lipogenesis in mammary glands. Intramuscular injection of progesterone at 10
      mg/day did not suppress fatty acid synthesis stimulated when prolactin was
      injected intraductally, but a significant inhibition was observed at a higher
      dose (80 mg/day).

PMID- 4062900
TI  - Developmental changes of chicken liver AMP deaminase.
AB  - The AMP deaminase activity measured in crude chicken liver extract did not change
      significantly during development. The livers of 10- and 14-day chick embryos, 1
      day, 5-, 10- and 16-week-old chickens and adult hens were examined for the
      existence of multiple forms of AMP deaminase. Phosphocellulose column
      chromatography revealed the existence of two peaks of enzyme activity in the
      liver of 10- and 16-week-old chickens and adult hens. Kinetic studies with the
      preparations of AMP deaminase revealed sigmoid-shaped substrate-saturation curves
      at all developmental stages and hyperbolic-shaped saturation curves for the
      enzyme form appearing in 10-week-old chickens. All AMP deaminases investigated
      were susceptible to activation by ATP and inhibition by Pi. Kinetic and
      regulatory properties as well as pH optima of all the enzyme preparations tested
      indicate that AMP deaminase isolated from the embryos and from 1-day-old chicks
      was similar to the form I isolated from adult hens and differed significantly
      from the form II of this enzyme.

PMID- 4062901
TI  - Effects of incubation at physiological temperatures on the concentration
      dependence of [2-14C]malonyl-CoA binding to rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - Specific binding of [2-14C] malonyl-CoA to rat liver mitochondria was measured at
      different temperatures and after various periods of time of exposure of the
      mitochondria to the ligand. Incubation of mitochondria at 37 degrees C in the
      absence of malonyl-CoA resulted in a decrease in their ability to bind malonyl
      CoA at all concentrations tested (up to 55 microM). However, incubation of
      mitochondria in the presence of malonyl-CoA resulted in the loss of the binding
      only by a low-affinity component. By contrast, there was an increase in the
      binding that occurred at low, physiological, concentrations of malonyl-CoA. These
      differences in the response of the two binding components to incubation
      conditions were used to obtain quantitative data about their respective
      saturation kinetics. Evidence was obtained that, whereas the high-affinity
      component approached saturation hyperbolically with respect to malonyl-CoA
      concentration, the low-affinity component had sigmoidal characteristics. The
      concentrations of malonyl-CoA required to half-saturate the two components were 2
      3 microM and 30 microM for the high- and low-affinity components respectively.
      Evidence was also obtained for the involvement of a temperature-dependent
      transition, that occurred at around 25 degrees C, in the modulation of malonyl
      CoA binding to the mitochondria. The possible physiological roles of the two
      components of malonyl-CoA binding in relation to the regulation of overt
      carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT I) activity in vivo are discussed.

PMID- 4062902
TI  - Physicochemical characterization of human S-protein and its function in the blood
      coagulation system.
AB  - S-protein, the main inhibitor of the assembly of the membrane attack complex of
      complement, was isolated from human plasma by a simple purification procedure,
      which includes barium citrate adsorption, ammonium sulphate precipitation,
      chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel and Blue Sepharose and gel filtration on
      Sephacryl S-200. The homogeneous protein (sedimentation coefficient 4.6 S) was
      obtained in approx. 5% yield relative to its concentration in plasma, which was
      found to be 0.3-0.5 mg/ml. The final product did not cross-react with antisera
      against complement proteins or other proteinase inhibitors of human plasma. On
      polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate, S
      protein migrated as a single-chain band with an apparent Mr of 74000 under non
      reducing conditions and as a doublet of Mr 78000 and 65000 upon reduction. In
      plasma or serum S-protein also existed in two forms of corresponding Mr values,
      as was evidenced by an immunoblot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. S
      protein was found to be an acidic glycoprotein with 10% (W/W) carbohydrate
      content and several isoelectric points in the range pH 4.75-5.25, and it
      contained one free thiol group per molecule of protein. The functional properties
      of S-protein in the complement system were demonstrated by its ability to inhibit
      complement-dependent cell lysis in a concentration-dependent manner (Ki 0.6
      microM) and by its incorporation into the nascent SC5b-7 complex. A new function
      for S-protein could be revealed in the blood coagulation system. The slow
      progressive inhibition of thrombin by antithrombin III was not affected by S
      protein, whereas the purified protein interfered with the fast inactivation of
      thrombin clotting as well as amidolytic activity by antithrombin III-heparin
      complex. The acceleration of this inhibition reaction by heparin was counteracted
      by S-protein, indicating the ability of S-protein to neutralize heparin activity.

PMID- 4062903
TI  - Isolation and characterization of six human hepatic isometallothioneins.
AB  - Human hepatic metallothionein (MT) was separated into six isoforms by using
      reversed-phase h.p.l.c. at the analytical and preparative levels. By comparison
      with the h.p.l.c. elution profiles of the charge-separable species MT-1 and MT-2
      isolated by the procedure of Buhler & Kagi [(1974) FEBS Lett. 39, 229-234], five
      of these isoproteins are identified as hitherto unresolved subforms of MT-1, and
      one is identical with MT-2. The six isoforms have distinct and reproducible
      retention times at neutral pH, where the metal remains bound to the protein, and
      at low pH, where the metal is removed. Their amino acid compositions display the
      high cysteine content and the lack of aromatic amino acids and of histidine
      typical of mammalian metallothioneins, but they differ significantly with respect
      to all other amino acids. A survey of autopsy material indicates that in adult
      human liver all six isoforms are usually expressed, albeit in somewhat variable
      relative proportions.

PMID- 4062904
TI  - Formation and properties of flavoprotein-cytochrome hybrids by recombination of
      subunits from different species.
AB  - p-Cresol methylhydroxylases from four different pseudomonads differ in their
      isoelectric points and, to a lesser extent, in Mr values and substrate
      specificity. The enzymes from three species were isolated in homogeneous form,
      then resolved into their flavoprotein and cytochrome subunits, and the subunits
      were recombined to yield the nine possible hybrids (i.e. three intraspecies and
      six interspecies). The resulting flavocytochromes showed extensive similarities
      in steady-state kinetic parameters and in the dissociation constants of their
      subunits. Evidence is also presented that a fourth type of p-cresol
      methylhydroxylase, from Pseudomonas putida (N.C.I.B. 9869, form 'B'), the
      subunits of which cannot be isolated by the isoelectric focusing technique used
      to separate the subunits of the other flavocytochromes, nevertheless dissociates
      slowly at high dilution. The dissociation is reflected by a decline of catalytic
      activity with time. This process for the 'B' enzyme is prevented by the presence
      of substrate or an excess of a cytochrome subunit isolated from another enzyme
      species. Incubation of the dissociated subunits with p-cresol brings about
      extensive, albeit incomplete, re-association and regeneration of activity.

PMID- 4062905
TI  - beta-Adrenergic stimulation alters oligosaccharide pyrophosphoryl dolichol
      metabolism in rat parotid acinar cells.
AB  - beta-Adrenergic stimulation of rat parotid acinar cells markedly increases
      [3H]mannose incorporation into N-linked glycoproteins [Kousvelari, Grant,
      Banerjee, Newby & Baum (1984) Biochem. J. 222, 17-24]. More than 90% of this
      protein-bound [3H]mannose was preferentially incorporated into four secretory
      glycoproteins. The ratio of [3H]mannose/[14C]leucine present in these individual
      proteins was 1.7-4-fold greater with isoproterenol-treated cells than with
      untreated controls. In isoproterenol-stimulated cells, [3H]mannose incorporation
      into mannosylphosphoryl dolichol and oligosaccharide-PP-dolichol was increased 2
      3-fold over that observed in unstimulated cells. Similarly, formation of
      mannosylated oligosaccharide-PP-dolichol was increased approx. 4-fold in
      microsomes prepared from isoproterenol-treated cells. Also, turnover of
      oligosaccharide-PP-dolichol was significantly increased (5-fold) by beta
      adrenergic stimulation; the half-life for oligosaccharide-PP-dolichol decreased
      from 6 min in control cells to 1.2 min in isoproterenol-stimulated cells. By 15
      min after isoproterenol addition to acinar cells, the specific radioactivity of
      parotid oligosaccharide moieties increased about 3-fold over the value observed
      in the absence of the agonist. Taken together, these results strongly suggest
      that elevation of N-linked protein glycosylation in rat parotid acinar cells
      after beta-adrenoreceptor stimulation resulted from significant enhancement in
      the synthesis of mannosylphosphoryl dolichol and oligosaccharide-PP-dolichol and
      the turnover of oligosaccharide-PP-dolichol.

PMID- 4062906
TI  - Elevated hepatic mitochondrial and peroxisomal oxidative capacities in fed and
      starved adult obese (ob/ob) mice.
AB  - Hepatic mitochondrial and peroxisomal oxidative capacities were studied in young
      (4-5 weeks old) and adult (6-9 months old) lean and obese ob/ob mice that were
      fed or starved for 24 or 48 h. The adult obese mice showed elevated capacity for
      mitochondrial oxidation (ng-atoms of O consumed/min per mg of protein) of lipid
      and non-lipid substrates, with the exception of pyruvate + malate, and elevated
      activities of citrate synthase and total carnitine palmitoyltransferase.
      Oxidative rates and enzyme activities were not affected by starvation of lean or
      obese mice, and both males and females responded similarly. Peroxisomal palmitoyl
      CoA oxidation (nmol/min per mg of peroxisomal protein) was also increased in
      livers of adult obese mice and did not change with starvation. In young mice,
      hepatic mitochondrial and peroxisomal oxidative capacities in lean and obese mice
      were comparable. The increased mitochondrial and peroxisomal oxidative capacities
      appear to develop with maturation in obese ob/ob mice.

PMID- 4062908
TI  - Tracer studies of the interconversion of R- and S-methylmalonic semialdehydes in
      man.
AB  - Two human subjects were given separate oral doses of sodium [2H6]isobutyrate and
      [methyl-2H3]thymine and the labelling patterns of urinary metabolites were
      determined. Ingestion of deuterated isobutyrate resulted in the excretion of 2H5
      labelled S-3-hydroxyisobutyric acid, formed on the direct catabolic pathway, and
      of S- and R-[2H4]-3-hydroxyisobutyric acids, formed by the reduction of S- and R
      methylmalonic semialdehydes respectively. Only the R-enantiomer of urinary 3
      hydroxyisobutyric acid was labelled by thymine. This labelling pattern indicates
      a flow from S- to R-methylmalonic semialdehyde, suggesting that the R-enantiomer
      is the substrate of methylmalonic semialdehyde dehydrogenase.

PMID- 4062907
TI  - Effects of temperature and ethanol on agonist and antagonist binding to rat heart
      muscarinic receptors in the absence and presence of GTP.
AB  - The effect of temperature on the binding of four agonists and three antagonists
      to rat heart muscarinic receptors was studied in the absence and presence of GTP.
      The binding of agonists to two states (or classes) of receptors, in the absence
      of GTP, led to enthalpy and entropy changes that decreased sharply above 25
      degrees C, suggesting that agonists induced 'isomerization' reactions (large
      conformational changes and/or receptor-effector association). Both temperature
      increase and ethanol decreased hydrophobic interactions, thereby hindering
      binding and/or agonist-induced 'isomerization' reactions. Addition of GTP to the
      incubation medium also appeared to reverse (or prevent) 'isomerization'
      reactions. For agonist binding to the low-affinity state, in the presence of GTP,
      and for antagonist binding, the thermodynamic parameters observed could be
      readily explained by simple receptor-ligand associations; large entropy increases
      and small enthalpy increases, provoked by hydrophobic and ionic interactions,
      were partly neutralized by entropy and enthalpy decreases, due to hydrogen bonds
      and van der Waals interactions. The muscarinic antagonists used (atropine, n
      methylscopolamine and dexetimide), being more hydrophobic molecules than the
      agonists tested (carbamylcholine, oxotremorine and pilocarpine), induced larger
      entropy changes or more negative enthalpy changes.

PMID- 4062909
TI  - Assay of protein kinase C with an N-bromosuccinimide-cleavage fragment of histone
      H1.
AB  - N-Bromosuccinimide cleavage of a lysine-rich histone fraction (histone III-S)
      yields a peptide substrate, purified by reverse-phase h.p.l.c., for the Ca2+ +
      phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). This substrate displays
      no reactivity with the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, and may prove useful
      for the detection of protein kinase C activity in crude tissue extracts.

PMID- 4062911
TI  - Fatty acids and the control of adipocyte glycerolphosphate acyltransferase by
      noradrenaline.

PMID- 4062910
TI  - Kinetics of protein modification and enzyme inactivation reactions:
      interpretation of reaction order.

PMID- 4062912
TI  - [Some peculiarities of regulation of the adrenal pyruvate de- hydrogenase complex
      by acetyl-coenzyme A].
AB  - Acetyl-CoA increased incorporation of 32P from [gamma-32P]ATP into the adrenal
      pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), but did not raise the rate of inactivation
      of the complex. This may be explained by the stimulation of phosphorylation of
      the centers which are not responsible directly for the PDC activity. At the same
      time the PDC phosphorylated in the presence of acetyl-CoA was reactivated slower
      by specific phosphatase.

PMID- 4062913
TI  - Domain structure of adrenocortical cytochrome P-450scc: localization of
      functionally important sites in the polypeptide chain.
AB  - Cytochrome P-450scc consists of two domains linked with a short loop of the
      polypeptide chain; under its hydrolysis with trypsin the domains retain their
      associated state due to rigid noncovalent interactions. The structural
      characteristics of the individual domains have been investigated. It is
      established that domain I containing the haem and the adrenodoxin-binding site is
      the N-terminal, and domain II the C-terminal moiety of the polypeptide chain of
      cytochrome P-450scc.

PMID- 4062914
TI  - Phospholipid patterns and phospholipase A2 activities in gastric mucosa of rats
      developing carcinomas after surgically induced enterogastric reflux.
AB  - Phospholipid patterns of the gastric mucosa from rats after operations inducing
      enterogastric reflux showed characteristic differences in relation to control
      rats: diminution of parent phospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine and
      phosphatidylcholine concomitant with increases of the corresponding
      lysophospholipids, increase of the sphingomyelin portion, indications for lipid
      peroxidations possibly connected with small drops of acidic phospholipids, and an
      elevated phospholipase A2 activity. The observed phospholipid changes support the
      assumption of disturbed membrane functions caused by activation of lipolytic
      activities as one factor involved in progressive mucosal alterations mostly
      manifested as carcinomas of the stomach.

PMID- 4062915
TI  - Inhibition of lecithin: cholesterol acyl transfer by propranolol treatment in
      man.
AB  - The changes in some parameters of plasma lipoprotein metabolism in 25
      hypertensive men, caused by a two months lasting oral treatment with 120 mg
      propranolol/day, were compared to the changes that occur during the same time in
      the subjects (n = 9) of an untreated control group. Propranolol led to an
      increase of triglycerides and a decrease of HDL cholesterol in plasma, the latter
      consisting in a small increase of unesterified cholesterol and a larger decrease
      of cholesteryl esters. In parallel a decrease in the lecithin:cholesterol acyl
      transfer, measured as initial rate of cholesterol esterification, was observed.
      The extent of the plasma lipid and enzyme alterations was shown to be dependent
      on the patient's pretreatment situation. Changes in lecithin:cholesterol acyl
      transfer rate after oral treatment correlated significantly with similar changes
      after propranolol addition in comparable amounts to plasma in vitro. A similarity
      between propranolol induced alterations in the metabolism of plasma lipoproteins
      and the situation in hereditary LCAT deficiency is obvious and may be interpreted
      as a harmful component of propranolol action.

PMID- 4062916
TI  - Kidney function during arterial chemoreceptor stimulation. I. Influence of
      unilateral renal nerve section, bilateral cervical vagotomy, constant artificial
      ventilation, and carotid body chemoreceptor inactivation.
AB  - The reactions of renal hemodynamics and excretory function elicited by perfusion
      of the vascularly isolated carotid bodies with venous blood were studied in four
      groups of chloralosed cats in which the Nn. vagi, the breathing reactions, and
      the carotid body chemoreceptors were excluded successively. The kidney function
      was determined using clearance-techniques in both the innervated right and
      denervated left kidneys. In the animals with intact carotid chemoreceptors
      perfusion of the carotid bifurcations with venous blood caused a weak (4-6 mm Hg
      on the average) and transient increase of the mean systemic arterial blood
      pressure as well as a vasoconstriction and a fall of the blood flow and
      glomerular filtration rate in the innervated kidneys. In the spontaneously
      breathing animals carotid body chemoreceptor stimulation effected a rise of
      fractional sodium excretion only in the denervated kidneys whereas the relaxed
      and constantly ventilated cats showed a natriuretic response both at the
      innervated and denervated side. The reactions of renal excretory function did not
      correlate with those of renal hemodynamics. Vagotomy, relaxation, and constant
      artificial ventilation failed to abolish the responses elicited by stimulation of
      the chemoreceptors. Inactivation of the carotid body chemoreceptors by injecting
      acetic acid into the vascularly isolated carotid sinuses prevented both the
      hemodynamic and tubular reactions due to hypoxic-hypercapnic perfusion of the
      carotid bodies. The findings suggest that the arterial chemoreceptors control
      kidney function by specific reflex mechanisms. The influence of the carotid body
      chemoreceptors on kidney vasculature is mediated by the efferent renal nerves,
      whereas the control of renal tubular sodium reabsorption requires hormone action.

PMID- 4062917
TI  - Kidney function during arterial chemoreceptor stimulation. II. Suppression of
      plasma aldosterone concentration due to hypoxic-hypercapnic perfusion of the
      carotid bodies in anaesthetized cats.
AB  - The reactions of the mean systemic arterial blood pressure, kidney function
      (clearance technique) and plasma aldosterone concentration (radio-immuno-assay)
      elicited by perfusion of the vascularly isolated carotid bodies with venous blood
      were studied in two series of chloralosed, vagotomized, relaxed, and constantly
      ventilated cats undergoing saline diuresis. In one group of animals the carotid
      body chemoreceptors were left intact; in the other one, they were abolished by
      injecting acetic acid into the glomera carotici. In the cats with intact
      chemoreceptors perfusion of the carotid bodies with venous blood immediately
      caused a small and transient increase of the blood pressure, whereas renal plasma
      flow tended to fall despite continuous chemoreceptor stimulation. Renal
      fractional sodium excretion already increased in the first 25 min of
      chemoreceptor stimulation, whereas plasma aldosterone concentration showed a
      significant decrease only after 45 min of venous perfusion of the glomera
      carotici. Plasma electrolytes changed only little at that time. No clear
      relationships between the responses of plasma aldosterone and those of the other
      parameters measured could be obtained. On subsequent perfusion of the carotid
      bodies with arterial blood plasma aldosterone returned to the values determined
      before chemoreceptor stimulation. Inactivation of the carotid body chemoreceptors
      per se already enhanced plasma aldosterone concentration. Perfusion of the
      glomera carotici with venous blood in the cats with abolished chemoreceptors did
      not suppress plasma aldosterone content. The data show that plasma aldosterone
      changes are not involved in the development of the initial phase (first hour) of
      the inhibition of renal tubular sodium reabsorption provoked by arterial
      chemoreceptor stimulation, but during long-lasting chemoreceptor stimulation they
      might contribute to the maintenance of this type of natriuresis. Furthermore the
      experiments suggest that the decrease of plasma aldosterone repeatedly observed
      during exposure of mammals to acute hypoxic hypoxia is possibly the reflex result
      of the stimulation of the arterial chemoreceptors.

PMID- 4062918
TI  - Intensity-dependent changes of visually evoked potential components in the
      superior colliculus of freely moving rats.
AB  - Amplitudes and peak times of averaged visually evoked potentials (VEP) recorded
      in the superficial layers of the anterior medial superior colliculus were
      measured in 7 freely moving rats. The amplitudes of P21-N29 decreased
      significantly to 47% (p = 0.01), the amplitudes of components N41-P54 and P54-N64
      to 29 and 32% (p = 0.01) when the flash intensity was lowered six times, whereas
      components N29-P36 and P74-N85 showed no significant decrease. During exploratory
      behaviour all the components were significantly lower than during relaxed
      wakefulness, except N29-P36 and P74-N85. The course of their intensity-dependent
      decrease was different. Peak times of both early negative components N29 and N41
      increased exponentially with decreasing flash intensity during relaxed
      wakefulness. The peak times of later negative components N64 and N85 increased
      only with the lowest intensity. During exploratory behaviour peak time changes
      were evidently smaller. The data suggest that the different changes of components
      reflect the activity of different neuron types.

PMID- 4062919
TI  - Behaviour-dependent changes of visually evoked potential components in the
      superior colliculus of freely moving rats.
AB  - Amplitudes and peak times of visually evoked potential (VEP) components in
      superficial and deeper layers of the superior colliculus of 24 rats were measured
      during slow wave sleep (S), relaxed wakefulness (RW), grooming (G) and
      exploratory behaviour (E). All peaks occurred later during S than during RW,
      whereas only a few peak times were significantly longer in activated states
      compared with RW. Positive and negative peaks between 35 and 60 ms were
      significantly (p less than 0.01) prolonged during G and E. Corresponding peaks of
      the polarity reversed VEP appear 1-4 ms later than in the superficial VEP when
      compared in identical behavioural states. Significant amplitude decrease (p less
      than 0.01) of almost all components related to RW was found in G and E and of
      components N-39-P51 and N60-P71 in S. These changes were relatively different for
      each component and each behavioural state. The amplitude changes of the polarity
      reversed VEP were similar but not identical (as a mirror image) with superficial
      VEP. The different behaviour-dependent patterns of the VEP components indicate
      different interactions in the neuron pools of superior colliculus.

PMID- 4062920
TI  - The functional importance of cerebral noradrenergic processes for the activating
      action of nootropic drugs in the behavioural despair test in mice.
AB  - The influence of substances with a known modifying effect on cerebral
      noradrenergic transmission processes on the activating effect of the nootropics
      piracetam, pyritinol, meclofenoxat, methylglucamine orotate and dihydroergotoxine
      in comparison to desipramine and d-amphetamine in the behavioural despair test
      was investigated in mice. Clonidine, an agonist of presynaptic alpha
      adrenoceptor, and prazosin, a postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptor blocker, in doses
      without own effect on the swimming behaviour counteracted the activating effect
      of nootropics in the behaviour despair test. On the other hand, yohimbine, a
      presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptor blocker, resulting itself in activation, did not
      change the effect of piracetam additionally. The results confirm the functional
      importance of noradrenergic processes for the state of immobility and support the
      possible participation of an influence on the cerebral noradrenergic system in
      the mechanisms of action of nootropic drugs.

PMID- 4062921
TI  - Characterization of the antihypoxic activity of tisochromid.
AB  - The antihypoxic activity of tisochromid is compared with the well-known
      restituting effect of piracetam on posthypoxic dopamine release inhibition. In
      addition to a distinct restituting effect which accelerates the normalization of
      dopamine release highly, tisochromid exhibits obviously an antioxidative potency
      which is responsible for a greater effectiveness of the drug when given
      prehypoxically. Therefore, tisochromid acts simultaneously as a protective and a
      restituting drug.

PMID- 4062923
TI  - Characterization of opioid dependence of isolated ileum of morphine dependent and
      of chronically stressed Wistar-Kyoto (WKY)-rats.
AB  - The opioid antagonist naloxone induced tonic contraction ("gut dependence") of
      isolated ilia of both morphine dependent WKY-rats and WKY-rats chronically
      stressed by immobilization. Morphine and met-enkephalin but neither dynorphine
      nor leu-enkephalin antagonized the naloxone induced "gut dependence" of isolated
      ilia obtained from morphine dependent WKY-rats. Met-enkephalin as well as
      dynorphine inhibited the "gut dependence" of chronically stressed rats; morphine
      and leu-enkephalin had no inhibitory effect. These differences between influences
      of different opioid peptides on "gut dependence" of morphine dependent rats
      versus "gut dependence" of rats chronically stressed by immobilization suggest
      that chronic stress induced or facilitated production of a different population
      of receptors.

PMID- 4062922
TI  - Influence of nootropic drugs on drinking behaviour in ethanol-preferring mice and
      ethanol-induced increase of seizure susceptibility.
AB  - The influence of several nootropic drugs (piracetam, pyritinol, meclofenoxat,
      methylglucamine orotate (MGO) and dihydroergotoxine (DHET) on both the ethanol
      preference and the enhanced seizure susceptibility after a single dose of ethanol
      was studied. Piracetam, MGO and DHET reduce the ethanol drinking in ethanol
      preferring mice. The enhanced seizure susceptibility after a single dose of
      ethanol was abolished by piracetam and MGO.

PMID- 4062924
TI  - Central effects of D-Ala2-met-enkephalinamide on the blood pressure of rats after
      central chemical sympathectomy or serotoninectomy.
AB  - D-Ala2-met-enkephalinamide (DAMEA) in ethyl urethane anesthetised rats increased
      the blood pressure, decreased heart rate and frequency of respirations. DAMEA
      could act centrally as well as peripherally after the penetration from the
      cerebro-spinal into the blood stream. These effects were blocked by naloxone. 6
      Hydroxydopamine inhibited the circulatory and respiratory action of DAMEA. 5,6
      Dihydroxytryptamine reversed this action of DAMEA. It is suggested that central
      presynaptic catecholamine and serotonin neurons modulate the central effects of
      DAMEA on the circulatory system and respiration in rats.

PMID- 4062925
TI  - [Lymphocyte reactivity against fetal antigens during the growth and regression of
      experimental tumors].
AB  - Sensitization of lymphocytes occurs to fetal antigens during growth of malignant
      tumours. Sensitization was measured by the MEM-technique. Antigenic preparations,
      obtained by extraction with 3 M KCl of mouse fetal tissues were used. Growing
      tumors after allogenic transplantation of tumour cells gave rise to cellular
      sensitization. The disappearance of the tumours resulted in a decrease of the
      sensitization status. Lymphocytic sensitization to fetal antigens was evident in
      mice with intradermally growing tumors, too. After ligation, followed by
      regression of the tumours the sensitization became no longer detectable. The
      results show that tumour regression is associated with reversibility of cellular
      sensitization to fetal antigens.

PMID- 4062926
TI  - Evidence of de novo membrane generation in the mechanism of mast cell secretory
      granule activation.
AB  - Evidence which suggests the occurrence of a rapid new membrane assembly has been
      observed in the secretory granules of the rat peritoneal mast cell during the
      early stage of granule activation. The rapid insertion of these newly generated
      vesicles enables the perigranular membrane of the activated granule to enlarge
      and expand prior to fusion with the plasma membrane and/or with the neighboring
      granule membranes. If the newly inserted membrane represents "specialized
      fusogenic membrane patches", then the presence of de novo membrane generation as
      an integral step in the mechanism of mast cell granule exocytosis would
      constitute a fail-safe mechanism in histamine release.

PMID- 4062927
TI  - The effect of polyamines on tubulin assembly.
AB  - The assembly of cold solubilized microtubules prepared from calf brain and the
      polymerization of tubulin purified from this material are facilitated by
      polyamines at physiological concentrations. The number of free amino groups in
      the polyamine determines the ability of the polyamines to promote microtubule
      formation. Spermine with four amino groups was the most effective polyamine
      tested. Spermidine and N'-acetylspermine with 3 amino groups were less effective
      than spermine but more effective than N8-acetylspermidine and putrescine which
      contain two free amino groups. Microtubule formation may therefore be controlled
      by alterations in the nature and amounts of polyamines present.

PMID- 4062928
TI  - Exposure of HeLa cells to 0(6)-alkylguanines increases sensitivity to the
      cytotoxic effects of alkylating agents.
AB  - Exposure of HeLa S3 cells to 0.4mM 0(6)-methylguanine or 0(6)-n-butylguanine for
      24 h led to a substantial decrease in the activity of 0(6)-alkylguanine-DNA
      alkyltransferase. Such pretreatment caused a marked increase in the sensitivity
      of the cells to the cytotoxic effects of the cross-linking alkylating agent 1-(2
      chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3-cyclohexylurea and a smaller increase in the sensitivity
      to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. These results indicate that the repair
      of DNA by the alkyltransferase plays an important role in the protection of cells
      from the cytotoxic effects of certain alkylating agents particularly those such
      as 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3-cyclohexylurea which ultimately lead to the
      formation of lethal interstrand cross-links.

PMID- 4062929
TI  - Preliminary characterization of cell surface glycoproteins associated with
      epidermal differentiation in the newborn rat.
AB  - The cell surface of the newborn rat epidermis exhibits a discrete change in
      lectin-binding specificity from Griffonia simplicifolia I-B4 (GS I-B4), specific
      for alpha-D-galactosyl residues, to Ulex europeus agglutinin I (UEA), specific
      for alpha-L-fucose, as the cell leaves the basal layer and differentiates. It has
      been postulated that this change is a result of the addition of alpha-L-fucose to
      nonreducing terminal alpha-D-galactosyl residues on GS I-B4-binding cell surface
      glycoproteins. If this were the sole nature of the conversion, the physical
      properties of isolated GS I-B4- and UEA-bound glycoproteins should not differ
      greatly. UEA and GS I-B4-binding glycoproteins isolated from newborn rat
      epidermis have similar charge properties and are similar in the nature of their
      carbohydrate moieties, supporting the proposed hypothesis.

PMID- 4062930
TI  - Stimulation by oleic acid of incorporation of L-[4,5-3H]leucine into very low
      density lipoprotein apoprotein by the isolated perfused rat liver.
AB  - Livers from normal fed or fasted (24h) rats were perfused in vitro to determine
      whether fatty acid affects the biosynthesis of very low density lipoprotein
      (VLDL) apoprotein. Oleate stimulated VLDL triacylglycerol output and increased
      incorporation of L-[4,5-3H]leucine into VLDL apoprotein in both the fed and
      fasted groups. The increased incorporation of [3H]leucine was mainly into VLDL
      apoprotein E. The total mass of VLDL apoprotein secreted was also stimulated by
      oleate proportionately. These data suggest that fatty acids may stimulate hepatic
      synthesis and/or secretion of the VLDL apoproteins and that apo E, may be
      required for the formation and secretion of triacyl-glycerol in the VLDL.

PMID- 4062931
TI  - Mucus glycoprotein fatty acyltransferase in patients with cystic fibrosis: effect
      on the glycoprotein viscosity.
AB  - The presence of an acyltransferase activity which catalyzes the transfer of
      palmitic acid from palmitoyl coenzyme A to mucus glycoprotein has been
      demonstrated in the microsomal fraction of human rectal mucosa. The activity of
      this enzyme in the mucosa of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) was found to be
      3.5 times higher than that from normal individuals. The CF mucus glycoprotein in
      comparison to that of normal contained 1.3 times more associated lipids and 6
      times more covalently bound fatty acids. The viscosity of the intact CF
      glycoprotein was 1.8 times higher than that of normal glycoprotein. Extraction of
      associated lipids led to 3-fold drop in the viscosity of CF glycoprotein and 5
      fold drop in the case of normal glycoprotein. Further loss in the viscosity
      occurred following removal of the covalently bound fatty acids. The viscosity of
      such modified CF mucus glycoprotein was only about 10% higher than that of
      similarly treated normal glycoprotein.

PMID- 4062932
TI  - The effect of cycloheximide on the expression of cell cycle dependent genes.
AB  - We have investigated the inducibility of several cell cycle-dependent genes (plus
      control sequences, not expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner) in the
      presence of cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. The genes studied
      include: 1) five cDNA clones that are preferentially expressed in the G1 phase of
      the cell cycle: KC-1, JE-3, 2F1, 4F1 and 2A9; 2) one gene preferentially
      expressed in late G1/S phase: histone H3; and 3) the cell cycle-dependent
      oncogene p53. All the genes studied are induced by serum even in the presence of
      cycloheximide. Previous results in the literature have shown that 2 other
      oncogenes, c-myc and c-fos, can be induced by growth factors in the presence of
      cycloheximide. Together with our results, these findings indicate that protein
      synthesis is not required for the induction of at least nine cell cycle genes by
      growth factors.

PMID- 4062933
TI  - Suicide inhibition as a likely cause of variable specific activity in
      trimethylamine dehydrogenase from bacterium W3A1.
AB  - Trimethylamine hydrogenase isolated from bacterium W3A1 grown on dimethylamine
      was of variable, but low specific activity and had modified spectral properties.
      Chemical analyses for Fe, S and P indicated that the [4Fe-4S] clusters of the
      modified enzyme are intact and that the covalently bound flavin is probably
      present, but in modified form. A peptide with absorbance maximum at 358 nm and
      fluorescence excitation and emission maxima in dimethylformamide at 358 nm and
      495 nm, respectively, was isolated by gel chromatography and HPLC of tryptic
      peptides of acetamidylated, modified trimethylamine dehydrogenase. These spectral
      properties are similar to those of 4a- or 5a-substituted flavins and suggest that
      the enzyme had been modified by in vivo reaction with a suicide inhibitor. This
      inhibitor, or a compound giving rise to it, seems to be present in a commercial
      source of dimethylamine.

PMID- 4062934
TI  - Hybrid between temperate phage P22 and virulent phage MB78.
AB  - Bacteriophage MB78, a virulent phage of Salmonella typhimurium can not grow in
      rifampicin resistant mutant of the host. However, the temperate phage P22 which
      grows normally in this host helps MB78 to grow in its non-permissive host. P22
      can not itself multiply under the condition of mixed infection and the burst size
      of MB78 is very much reduced. The burst sizes of both are reduced even when the
      permissive host LT2 is mixedly infected with P22 and MB78. When rifampicin
      resistant mutants are mixedly infected, only P22-specific mRNAs are produced in
      the early stage. This is followed by transcriptions from both P22 and MB78
      genomes. Subsequently, only MB78-specific messengers are detected in the infected
      host. Hybrids between the two phages have been isolated from the mixedly infected
      cells. These hybrids which contain only 15-20% of P22 genome can grow in the
      rifampicin resistant mutants of the host. The analysis of hetero-duplex between
      MB78 and hybrid phages revealed the presence of at least three mismatch regions.
      Experiments are in progress to identify the parts of P22 genome present in the
      hybrid phage.

PMID- 4062935
TI  - Fumarate permeation in rat liver mitochondria: fumarate/malate and
      fumarate/phosphate translocators.
AB  - Fumarate permeation in isolated rat liver mitochondria was demonstrated by
      measuring malate and phosphate efflux caused by fumarate added externally to the
      mitochondrial suspension. The existence of two specific fumarate translocators,
      fumarate/malate and fumarate/phosphate, is shown here. These carriers are
      distinguished in the light of different kinetic parameters (Km values are 50
      microM and 150 microM, and Vmax values are 17 and 40 nmoles/min X mg
      mitochondrial protein, respectively) and of differing sensitivity to non
      penetrant compounds. Fumarate was found to cause oxaloacetate efflux from
      mitochondria by means of an indirect process which involves the cooperation of
      both fumarate/malate and malate/oxaloacetate translocators. Results are discussed
      in the light of the physiological role played by fumarate translocation in both
      ureogenesis and aminoacid metabolism.

PMID- 4062936
TI  - Solubilization of hen brain neurotoxic esterase in dimethylsulfoxide.
AB  - Neurotoxic esterase is the putative site of initiation of organophosphorus
      induced neuropathy. The protein is membrane-associated and will thus require
      solubilization before it can be purified. Its enzymic activity was retained in
      hen brain microsomes suspended in 10-60% (v/v in water) dimethylsulfoxide and 5
      20% dimethylacetamide, but lost in 5-20% 1- and 2-propanol as well as higher
      concentrations of dimethylsulfoxide. Soluble activity (100,000 x g, 60 min
      supernatant) was not obtained with dimethylacetamide, but 24% of the recovered
      activity (67%) was solubilized in 40% dimethylsulfoxide, with retention of its
      native response to inhibitors. Solvent extraction of active enzyme is of
      intrinsic interest and expands the options for its purification.

PMID- 4062937
TI  - Distinction of three types of D-glucose transport systems in animal cells.
AB  - Immunoblotting of plasma membrane fractions from rat kidney cortex with antibody
      to human erythrocyte glucose transporter showed a single major cross-reacting
      material of 48K in basolateral membrane fractions possessing a facilitated
      diffusion system for D-glucose, but not in brush border membrane fractions which
      have a Na-dependent active transport system. Cytochalasin B inhibited D-glucose
      uptake in basolateral membrane vesicles but not in brush border vesicles. Cross
      reacting materials of 44-55K were detected in several animal cells exhibiting
      facilitated diffusion systems, including a hormone dependent system. These
      results indicate molecular difference between glucose transporters of facilitated
      diffusion systems and active transport systems.

PMID- 4062938
TI  - Activation of rat liver cytosolic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
      kinase by adenosine 5'-monophosphate.
AB  - Inactivation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase by reductase
      kinase and ATP-Mg needs either ADP or 5'-AMP as cofactors. 5'-AMP is a more
      potent activator of cytosolic reductase kinase than ADP. This capacity is
      expressed by increasing not only the rate of reductase inactivation, but also the
      rate of reductase phosphorylation from [gamma-32P]ATP. Activation constants, Ka,
      for 5'-AMP and ADP are 20 microM and 420 microM respectively. Neither 3'-AMP nor
      2'-AMP activate reductase kinase. Other nucleoside monophosphates like UMP, CMP
      and GMP cannot replace 5'-AMP as activators of reductase kinase.

PMID- 4062939
TI  - Routine fast atom bombardment mass spectral analysis of high molecular weight
      peptides--atrial gland peptides from Aplysia californica.
AB  - Three peptides isolated from the atrial glands of Aplysia californica were
      analysed by Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry. Survey scans over the mass
      range 1650 to 7500 at 500 resolution were used to locate signals for the
      protonated molecular ion and two subunits which result from cleavage of a single
      disulfide bond. A more accurate mass determination was made by accumulating scans
      over a narrow mass range. The amounts of sample used for each measurement ranged
      between 10 and 30 pmoles. Measured mass values are within 0.5 amu of calculated
      average molecular weights. Results illustrate the utility of the technique for
      accurate molecular weight determinations on limited quantities of high molecular
      weight peptides.

PMID- 4062940
TI  - Purification and characterization of protein Z from rabbit liver cytosol.
AB  - Protein Z was purified from rabbit liver cytosol by affinity chromatography on
      oleic acid-agarose and preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. After removal of sodium dodecyl sulfate, the renatured protein
      was found to bind heme and bilirubin with a Kd of approximately 1 microM which
      produced large red shifts in their absorption spectra. On isoelectric focusing,
      rabbit protein Z exhibited two main bands with pI around 6.0.

PMID- 4062941
TI  - Restorative effects of defective autologous lymphocyte cytotoxicity by calmodulin
      antagonists.
AB  - Reactivity of lymphocytes from paired living patients with ovarian carcinoma on
      autologous cancer cells was examined using six established cell lines. Although
      allogeneic lymphocytes had the capacity to lyse other cultured cancer cells,
      autologous lymphocytes were found to be unable to lyse their own cultured cancer
      cells. The defective activity of autologous lymphocytes was restored by
      preincubation of autologous target cells but not autologous effector cells with
      the calmodulin inhibitors W-5 or W-7.

PMID- 4062942
TI  - Differential inhibitors of DNA polymerases alpha and delta.
AB  - DNA polymerases alpha and delta from bone marrow are similar in many respects,
      the major known difference being the exonuclease activity of delta. Differential
      inhibitors of alpha and delta have been sought to assist in their functional and
      physical separation. Butylphenyl deoxyguanosine triphosphate is one. It
      effectively inhibits alpha at less than 1 microM concentration, whereas more than
      100 microM is required to similarly inhibit delta. Another is the monoclonal
      antibody, SJK 132-20, which neutralizes the polymerase activity of alpha but not
      delta. These differential inhibitors further define alpha and delta as separate
      categories of eukaryotic DNA polymerase and promise to facilitate the study of
      both.

PMID- 4062943
TI  - Caldesmon150 regulates the tropomyosin-enhanced actin-myosin interaction in
      gizzard smooth muscle.
AB  - Using a reconstituted system in which myosin was preferentially phosphorylated,
      we examined the regulatory action of caldesmon150 on the smooth muscle actin
      myosin interaction. Caldesmon150 inhibited the tropomyosin-enhanced actomyosin
      ATPase activity in a Ca2+-independent manner. This inhibitory effect of
      caldesmon150 was observed to be overcome by the addition of calmodulin in a Ca2+
      dependent manner. In accordance with the observations of ATPase activity, we
      demonstrated evidence that the regulatory action of caldesmon150 on the actin
      site was mainly through control of the tropomyosin-enhanced actin-myosin
      interaction and calmodulin confers the Ca2+-sensitivity upon the caldesmon150
      action determined by the cosedimentation method.

PMID- 4062944
TI  - Direct chemical evidence for the mixed anhydride intermediate of carboxypeptidase
      A in ester and peptide hydrolysis.
AB  - Carboxypeptidase A was incubated at -60 degrees C with an excess of O-(trans-p
      chlorocinnamoyl)-L-phenyllactate, O-(hippuryl)-glycolate or N-(hippuryl)-L
      phenylalanine. After rapid denaturation with trichloracetic acid the precipitated
      protein was reduced with [3H]NaCNBH3. 3H Labeled enzyme was isolated by gel
      chromatography on Sephadex G-25. After complete acid hydrolysis the specific
      label within the protein was identified by high voltage paper electrophoresis and
      paper chromatography as [3H]2-amino-5-hydroxyvaleric acid, the reduction product
      of a gamma-acylated glutamic acid. These results give strong evidence that a
      mixed anhydride intermediate is formed, which for the first time was identified
      during the hydrolysis of classical ester as well as peptide substrates by direct
      chemical means.

PMID- 4062945
TI  - Ontogeny of guinea pig liver cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase: unexpected inverse
      correlation of enzyme activity with expanding bile acid pool.
AB  - Changes in the activity of guinea pig liver cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (rate
      limiting enzyme of cholesterol catabolism) from birth to adult life was
      investigated using a microsomal acetone extraction method (to remove endogenous
      cholesterol). Contrary to the previously held notion, it was noted that while the
      total bile acid pool increased progressively with age after birth, hepatic
      cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase specific activity declined. Neonatal hepatic
      cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase showed an increase in enzyme activity in response
      to cell supernatant factors (100,000 xg supernatant) from neonatal livers, but
      not from adult livers.

PMID- 4062946
TI  - Selective overproduction of human dihydrofolate reductase in a methotrexate
      resistant human-mouse somatic cell hybrid.
AB  - The development of methotrexate (MTX) resistance in cultured cells results in
      increased levels of the drug's target enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR).
      Stepwise-selected MTX-resistant sublines originating from an MTX-sensitive human
      mouse hybrid expressed elevated DHFR levels and human-DHFR specific gene sequence
      amplification. By high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gradient
      electrophoresis, human DHFR was shown to be selectively overproduced in VB2a-100
      MTX-resistant cells whereas mouse DHFR protein "spots" present in MTX-sensitive
      parental hybrid were absent in these cells exhibiting 100 microM MTX resistance.
      These findings and those in a parallel study indicate that concurrent with
      overproduction of human DHFR and amplification DHFR sequences in VB2a-100, a loss
      of mouse-specific DHFR gene sequences occurred.

PMID- 4062947
TI  - Poly ADP-ribosylation of histones in tumor promoter phorbol-12-myristate-13
      acetate treated mouse embryo fibroblasts C3H10T1/2.
AB  - The tumor promoter phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) increases the poly ADP
      ribosylation of acid extractable (0.2N H2SO4) nuclear proteins in mouse embryo
      fibroblasts C3H10T1/2. Catalase suppresses the reaction by approximately 50%.
      Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveals that the core histones H2B, A24 and
      H3d serve as major poly ADP-ribose acceptors. Smaller amounts of poly ADP-ribose
      are associated with histones H2A/H3 and H1. Poly ADP-ribosylation of histones may
      change the nucleosomal structure and function and play a role in PMA induced
      modulation of gene expression in promotion.

PMID- 4062948
TI  - A novel glycosyl-amino acid linkage: rabbit-muscle glycogen is covalently linked
      to a protein via tyrosine.
AB  - A recent review summarizes our identification in rabbit-muscle glycogen of a
      protein that resists all attempts at removal by means that should displace non
      covalently bound protein [Kennedy et al. (1985) In Membranes and Muscle (Berman,
      M.C., Gevers, W. and Opie, L.H. eds.) pp. 65-84, ICSU Press/IRL Press, Oxford].
      Here we confirm that the glycogen is covalently bonded to the protein and report
      that the attachment is via a novel glycosidic linkage involving the hydroxyl
      group of tyrosine.

PMID- 4062949
TI  - Ethanol sensitivity and fatty acid composition of chick liver mitochondrial and
      microsomal membranes.
AB  - Fatty acid composition of hepatic mitochondrial and microsomal membranes was
      studied in 2-day-old chicks exposed to ethanol for 60 h (short treatment) or 18
      days (chronic treatment). Short ethanol treatment induced in mitochondria an
      increase in the 18:1/18:0 ratio as a consequence of both an increase in the
      percentage of oleic and a decrease in that of stearic acid. Likewise, a clear
      decrease in the polyunsaturated fatty acids and in the 20:4/18:2 ratio was found
      in mitochondria after short ethanol administration. Microsomal membranes were
      practically unaffected by this treatment. However, chronic ethanol exposure
      produced a significant increase in the percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids
      in both mitochondria and microsomes as well as a decrease in the 18:1/18:0 ratio.
      These results suggest that delta 9 desaturase modifies its activity in response
      to ethanol treatment with a different pattern to those showed by delta 6 and
      delta 5 desaturase activities.

PMID- 4062950
TI  - Influence of starvation on the intra-lysosomal proteolysis in rat liver.
AB  - Starvation induced changes in the intralysosomal proteolysis in rat liver were
      assessed in terms of the degradation of intravenously administered [131I]-human
      serum albumin 30 min after injection. Fasting for five days resulted in nearly
      11% increase in the endocytic uptake of the labeled protein in lysosome rich
      fraction. However, the rate of degradation of internalized protein measured in
      terms of TCA soluble products showed a distinct decline in starved animals as
      compared to fed controls. The observed decrease in proteolysis was reversed
      completely by refeeding the starved rats for 10 days. The restoration of the
      degradation profiles in fasted animals was also accomplished by isolating
      lysosomes at a post injection period of 90 min. The results indicated that the
      starvation induced decrease in proteolysis was a consequence of delayed fusion of
      lysosomes and the phagosome containing the labeled protein.

PMID- 4062951
TI  - Assay of glucocerebrosidase using a fluorescent analogue of glucocerebroside for
      the diagnosis of Gaucher disease.
AB  - For the diagnosis of homozygotes and heterozygotes of Gaucher disease,
      glucocerebrosidase (glucocerebroside beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC
      3.2.1.45) activity in lymphocytes was measured using a fluorescent analogue of
      glucocerebroside, 1-0-glucosyl-2-N-(dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl)
      sphingosine as substrate. The activity in lymphocytes from homozygotes of Gaucher
      disease was found to be reduced markedly. This method is proved to be simple,
      sensitive, and specific as an assay of glucocerebrosidase activity for the
      diagnosis of Gaucher disease.

PMID- 4062952
TI  - Effect of seminal plasma antioxidant on lipid peroxidation in spermatozoa,
      mitochondria and microsomes.
AB  - Seminal plasma antioxidant inhibited ascorbate/iron-induced lipid peroxidation in
      spermatozoa, brain and liver mitochondria. The concentration required to produce
      inhibition in brain and liver mitochondria was high. Denaturation of spermatozoa
      resulted in complete loss of antioxidant action. Maintenance of native structure
      was essential for action of seminal plasma antioxidant in spermatozoal lipid
      peroxidation. The antioxidant inhibited NADPH, Fe3+-ADP induced lipid
      peroxidation in microsomes and consequences of lipid peroxidation such as glucose
      6-phosphatase inactivation were prevented by presence of antioxidant. It did not
      inhibit microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by ascorbate and iron and xanthine
      xanthine oxidase.

PMID- 4062953
TI  - Subcellular localization of acid lipase in rat liver.
AB  - The intracellular localization of acid lipase was examined by several subcellular
      fractionation techniques. Upon differential centrifugation, acid lipase was
      detected mainly in the lysosomal fraction. When linear sucrose density gradient
      centrifugation was used, the mean density of acid lipase was similar to that of
      lysosomal marker enzymes. After Triton-treatment of rats, however, acid lipase
      was recovered at a density of 1.10-1.16, which is more than that of tritosomes,
      when tissues were homogenized with a Potter-Elvehjem homogenizer. But by
      homogenizing the liver from these rats by pressing it through a stainless steel
      net, acid lipase was mainly recovered at the same density as that of tritosomes.
      These results indicate that acid lipase is localized mainly in lysosomes in rat
      liver.

PMID- 4062954
TI  - Regulation of methyl group metabolism in lactating ewes.
AB  - The effect of lactation on a number of enzymes involved in transmethylation
      reactions and the secretion of major methyl compounds into milk have been
      examined in sheep. The activities of hepatic phospholipid methyltransferase and 5
      methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase were significantly higher
      in lactating ewes, compared with those in non-lactating ewes, while the activity
      of both hepatic and pancreatic glycine methyltransferase was significantly lower
      in the lactating state. No differences were observed in the activities of hepatic
      guanidoacetate methyltransferase, betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase and
      cystathionine beta-synthase on lactation. These results suggest that the extra
      demand for methyl groups for the secretion of methyl compounds in the milk is
      facilitated by enhancing the rate of de novo methyl group synthesis and lowering
      the rate of physiologically nonessential methylation.

PMID- 4062955
TI  - Chilling followed by incubation at 37 degrees causes a flow of 3H-choline labeled
      phospholipids from nuclear-associated endoplasmic reticulum to other
      endomembranes of L-cells.
AB  - The exposure of L-cells to a period of 15 min incubation in ice followed by a
      return to normal culture conditions caused distinct alterations in the
      distribution pattern of 3H-choline incorporation in phospholipids in subcellular
      fractions. The amount of radioactivity appearing in the nuclei and nuclear
      associated endoplasmic reticulum decreased while that in the mitochondrial and
      endoplasmic reticulum membrane fractions increased, suggesting a precursor
      product relationship. These changes appeared to occur in a linear fashion.
      Furthermore, the increase in radioactivity in individual endoplasmic reticulum
      subfractions differed in that label increased fivefold in light rough membranes
      but only about twofold in the HR and S subfractions.

PMID- 4062956
TI  - Modulation of branched-chain amino acid oxidation in rat hemidiaphragms in vitro
      by glucose and ketone bodies.
AB  - Branched-chain amino acid metabolism in hemidiaphragms from 40 h-starved rats is
      influenced by the provision of glucose as co-substrate. Glucose inhibits 14CO2
      production from [l-14C]valine and [U-14C]valine but stimulates 14CO2 production
      from [l-14C]leucine, [U-14C]leucine and [U-14C]isoleucine. In the presence of
      glucose, ketone bodies inhibit alanine release and 14CO2 production from [l
      14C]valine, [l-14C]leucine and [U-14C]isoleucine, but inhibition is not observed
      in the absence of glucose as cosubstrate. Glucose-dependent inhibition by ketone
      bodies of branched-chain amino acid oxidation via inhibition of the branched
      chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex or branched-chain amino acid
      aminotransferase may account in part for the reported hypoalanaemic action of
      ketone bodies in vivo.

PMID- 4062957
TI  - Thiopurine methyltransferase: mouse kidney and liver assay conditions,
      biochemical properties and strain variation.
AB  - Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) catalyzes the S-methylation of aromatic and
      heterocyclic thiol compounds including drugs such as 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and
      6-thioguanine. In humans, the level of TPMT activity is inherited in a monogenic
      fashion. It would be important to develop an experimental animal model in which
      the genetic regulation of TPMT could be studied. Therefore, TPMT activity was
      measured in kidney and liver homogenates from A/J inbred mice. Apparent Michaelis
      (Km) constants for the two cosubstrates for the reaction, 6-MP and S-adenosyl-L
      methionine (Ado-Met), in mouse kidney were 7.0 X 10(-4) M and 2.4 X 10(-6) M
      respectively. Apparent Km constants for 6-MP and Ado-Met in mouse liver were 5.4
      X 10(-4) M and 2.1 X 10(-6) M respectively. The pH optimum for the reaction was
      6.7 in both tissues, and over 95% of the TPMT activity in both mouse liver and
      kidney was "soluble" after centrifugation at 100,000 g for 1 hr. 3,4-Dimethoxy-5
      hydroxybenzoic acid, an inhibitor of human kidney TPMT, decreased mouse kidney
      and liver enzyme activities by more than 95% at a concentration of 1 mM. TPMT
      activities were then measured in liver and kidney tissue from nine additional
      inbred strains of mice aged 7-8 weeks. Six of the nine inbred strains had TPMT
      activities very similar to those found in A/J animals. However, three strains,
      the C57BL/6J, C57BL/6ByJ and AKR/J, had significantly lower levels of activity in
      both liver and kidney than did any of the seven other strains. Liver TPMT
      activities in these three strains were only 23-32% of the average activity in A/J
      mouse liver. Kidney enzyme activities in the same three strains averaged 49-62%
      of the average activity in A/J mouse kidneys. These striking differences in TPMT
      activity among inbred mouse strains will make it possible to test the hypothesis
      that inheritance regulates variations in TPMT activity in this experimental
      animal.

PMID- 4062958
TI  - Structural considerations for calcium ionophoresis by prostaglandins.
AB  - The prostaglandins PGB2, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were found to translocate calcium in
      a modified Pressman cell. At pH 7.40, PGB2 was more potent than PGE2 and than
      PGF2 alpha. When incorporated at a 1% molar ratio in liposomes made of
      cholesterol and different diacyl phosphatidyl choline, prostaglandins are able to
      mediate a slow calcium exchange diffusion. A significant prostaglandin-mediated
      calcium release that depends on the lipid matrix rigidity is observable at 37
      degrees but not at 22 degrees. Conformational analysis of the complex formed by
      two molecules of prostaglandins and one calcium atom, either at a simulated
      membrane-water interface or in a simulated bulk lipid phase reveals rigid
      complexes with great distances between hydrophilic and hydrophobic gravity
      centres that predict low ionophoretic properties.

PMID- 4062959
TI  - Mechanism of DNA strand breaks by mitonafide, an imide derivative of 3-nitro-1,8
      naphthalic acid.
AB  - The metabolism and the mechanism of action of 5-nitro-2-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)
      benzo(de) isoquinoline-1,3-dione (mitonafide), a nitro-containing antitumor drug,
      have been studied. Incubation of mitonafide under anaerobic conditions with rat
      liver microsomes and NADPH formed the fully reduced amine metabolite, 5
      aminomitonafide. The formation of the amine metabolite was not inhibited by SKF
      525A, metyrapone or piperonyl butoxide, indicating that the cytochrome P-450 was
      not involved in this reduction. Incubation of mitonafide with rat liver
      microsomes and NADPH under aerobic conditions stimulated oxygen consumption;
      piperonyl butoxide, SKF-525A, superoxide dismutase and catalase had no effect on
      this stimulation. Both mitonafide and 5-aminomitonafide were found to bind to DNA
      in a similar manner. However, in inducing single-stand breaks in the DNA of L1210
      cells mitonafide was 10-fold more potent than 5-aminomitonafide. These results
      suggest that metabolic activation of mitonafide to species other than that of the
      amine metabolite may play a significant role in the induction of DNA damage and
      the biological activity of the drug.

PMID- 4062960
TI  - Hepatic subcellular distribution of manganese in manganese and manganese
      bilirubin induced cholestasis.
AB  - Administration of non-cholestatic doses of manganese (Mn2+) followed by injection
      of bilirubin (BR) results in a severe reduction in rat bile flow. Male Sprague
      Dawley rats were given various doses of Mn2+ (2, 4.5, 8, and 18 mg/kg, i.v.) and
      killed 0.25, 1, 3, or 5 hr later. 54Mn2+ was used to evaluate Mn2+ content
      (micrograms/g protein) in different liver fractions: homogenate, mitochondria,
      microsomes, cytoplasm, nuclei-membrane fraction and liver cell plasma membrane
      fractions, one containing bile canalicular complexes (LCPM-BCM), the other
      containing sinusoidal membranes (LCPM-PM). In LCPM-BCM and LCPM-PM, two time
      related patterns of Mn2+ content were observed. With non-cholestatic doses (2,
      4.5, and 8 mg/kg), Mn2+ content decreased with time and rarely exceeded 50
      micrograms/g protein. With 18 mg/kg (a cholestatic dose), Mn2+ content increased
      with time and reached values over 100 micrograms/g protein (3-5 hr), reflecting
      possible modification in membrane structure. BR caused a marked increase in Mn2+
      content (at a dose of 4.5 mg Mn2+/kg) in LCPM-BCM (240%), approaching values seen
      with 18 mg Mn2+/kg, whereas in LCPM-PM it was less striking (50%). These and
      other results obtained with various treatments (cholestatic and non-cholestatic)
      suggest than Mn2+ concentration in bile canalicular membranes is a critical
      factor in both forms of cholestasis, and that BR can facilitate Mn2+
      incorporation in the bile canalicular membrane.

PMID- 4062961
TI  - Inhibition with NCO-700, a protease inhibitor, of degradation of cardiac
      myofibrillar proteins during ischemia in dogs.
AB  - NCO-700 is a newly synthesized inhibitor of both cathepsin B and calcium
      activated neutral protease. We examined whether NCO-700 inhibits degradation of
      myofibrillar proteins induced by cardiac ischemia in dogs anesthetized with
      pentobarbital. Cardiac ischemia was produced by complete occlusion of the left
      anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) for 3 or 6 hr. Myofibrils were prepared
      from the ischemic myocardium, in which LAD was occluded, and from the nonischemic
      myocardium, in which LAD was not occluded. Electrophoresis of myofibrils prepared
      from the ischemic myocardium revealed that there were many degradation bands of
      myofibrillar proteins as well as the bands corresponding to alpha-actinin (AN),
      the 55 kDa protein (55 K), actin (A), tropomyosin (TM), troponin I (TN I), myosin
      light chain 1 (LC1) and myosin light chain 2 (LC2). In addition, the content of
      AN, 55 K, A, TM, TN I, LC1 and LC2 in the ischemic myofibrils was lower than that
      in the nonischemic myofibrils. Treatment with NCO-700 at the total dose of 20
      mg/kg, which was injected intravenously before and during ischemia, inhibited
      both appearance of the degradation bands and the decrease in the content of A,
      TM, TN I, LC1 and LC2 being produced by cardiac ischemia. NCO-700, however, did
      not inhibit the decrease in the content of 55K and AN being induced by ischemia.

PMID- 4062962
TI  - Liver microsomal drug metabolism in ethanol-treated hamsters.
AB  - Administration of ethanol in drinking water to Syrian golden hamsters for 1-3
      weeks caused alterations of microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase
      activities in the liver accompanied by a slight elevation in cytochrome P-450
      content. Ethanol treatment resulted in an increase in the activities for ethanol
      oxidation, aniline p-hydroxylation and dimethylnitrosamine N-demethylation. In
      particular, when dimethylnitrosamine was used as a substrate, the rate of
      formaldehyde formation was enhanced by 2- to 2.7-fold, while ethanol oxidation
      and aniline p-hydroxylation were increased by 1.5- to 2- and 1.2- to 1.3-fold,
      respectively. On the other hand, the activities of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase,
      benzphetamine N-demethylase and benzo[a]pyrene 3-hydroxylase were apparently
      decreased after ethanol treatment. These results for hamsters were significantly
      different from those reported for rats.

PMID- 4062963
TI  - Inhibitory effect of phenothiazine derivatives on bone in vivo and osteoblastic
      cells in vitro.
AB  - We tested the inhibitory effects of phenothiazine derivatives on bone in vivo and
      osteoblastic cells in vitro. Chlorpromazine (CPZ) and trifluoperazine (TFPZ) dose
      dependently decreased alkaline phosphatase activity in calvariae of rats: half
      maximal inhibitory effects of CPZ and TFPZ were at 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg,
      respectively. These effects were more specific for calvaria and ileum than for
      liver and duodenum. CPZ inhibited the proliferation of osteoblastic clone MC3T3
      E1 cells to a greater extent than that of liver epithelial clone RLC-18(4) cells
      in vitro. CPZ, TFPZ and perphenazine (PNZ) also affected rather specifically
      alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen synthesis and were not cytotoxic.
      These in vivo and in vitro findings suggest inhibitory effects on osteoblastic
      cell function(s). However, promethazine (PMZ) had little effect in vivo and in
      vitro. In addition, increases in serum calcium and phosphate induced by CPZ
      indicate its possible involvement in bone resorption.

PMID- 4062964
TI  - Age-associated alterations in hepatic glutathione-S-transferase activities.
AB  - Age-associated alterations of hepatic cytosolic glutathione-S-transferase (GST)
      activities towards sulfobromophthalein sodium tetrahydrate (BSP), styrene oxide
      (STOX), trans-4-phenyl-3-butene-2-one (PBO), 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB),
      and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) were investigated in Fischer-344 rats of
      both sexes with ages ranging from 1.5 to 28 months. The GST activities towards
      PBO and DCNB in male rats increased with age till 6-12 months when maximum values
      were attained, and then gradually decreased till 28 months when the values became
      the lowest. The GST activities towards STOX and BSP did not show any significant
      increase after 1.5 months and stayed at this level till 12 months, followed by a
      gradual decrease till 28 months when the values were the lowest. In contrast, the
      GST activity towards CDNB in male rats did not show much of an age-associated
      alteration. Age-associated alterations in GST activities in females were much
      smaller than those observed in males. Sex differences in GST activities
      (significantly higher male values than female values) were observed with all the
      substrates examined at least at some time of the animal life. The kinetic studies
      of GST activities indicated that alterations in the relative abundance as well as
      the total quantity of GST isozymes caused the substrate selective alterations of
      GST activities with age.

PMID- 4062965
TI  - Effect of gentamicin on lipid peroxidation in rat renal cortex.
AB  - We examined the hypothesis that lipid peroxidation participates in the
      pathogenesis of aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats
      were injected subcutaneously with gentamicin, 100 mg/kg per day, for 1-4 days.
      Twenty-four or forty-eight hours after the last injection the rats were killed
      and the renal cortex was processed for total phospholipids, malondialdehyde
      (MDA), phospholipid fatty acid composition, superoxide dismutase, catalase and
      glutathione. Gentamicin induced a significant increase in total renal cortical
      phospholipids which was evident after a single injection and by the third
      injection reached a plateau 17% above the baseline level. MDA, an end product of
      lipid peroxidation, increased from 0.674 +/- 0.021 nmole/mg protein in the
      control group to 0.931 +/- 0.053 nmole/mg protein (P less than 0.001) 48 hr after
      the fourth injection. As another index of lipid peroxidation, we determined the
      shift from polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids of renal cortical
      phospholipids. By the second injection of gentamicin we detected a significant
      decline of arachidonic acid (20:4) present in phospholipid. By the fourth
      injection, arachidonic acid had fallen 48% below control and was accompanied by
      reciprocal increases of more saturated fatty acids including linoleic (18:2),
      oleic (18:1) and palmitic (16:0) acids. The number of double bonds per mole of
      fatty acid declined from a baseline value of 1.62 +/- 0.01 to 1.20 +/- 0.02 (P
      less than 0.001) by the fourth injection of drug. Superoxide dismutase showed no
      consistent alteration, whereas catalase activity (k) fell from the control value
      of 0.221 +/- 0.007 min to 0.155 +/- 0.009 min (P less than 0.01) by the third
      injection, where k is the first-order rate constant. Total and reduced
      glutathione declined after the fourth injection of gentamicin accompanied by a
      shift to oxidized glutathione with an increase in the ratio of oxidized to total
      glutathione. These data support the conclusion that accelerated lipid
      peroxidation occurs early in the course of gentamicin administration and raise
      the possibility that lipid peroxidation is a proximal event in the injury cascade
      of gentamicin nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 4062966
TI  - Specificity of induction of cancer protective enzymes by analogues of tert-butyl
      4-hydroxyanisole (BHA).
AB  - Protection by 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) and related phenols against
      chemical carcinogens, mutagens and other toxins has been attributed to the
      elevation of tissue levels of non-oxygenative detoxification enzymes. To analyze
      the mechanisms and specificity of these enzyme inductions, we synthesized a
      series of mono- and dialkyl ethers of tert-butylhydroquinone (R1O-[(CH3)3C-C6H3]
      OR2) and its dimer. The abilities of these compounds to elevate the cytosolic
      specific activities of glutathione S-transferases (measured with 1-chloro-2,4
      dinitrobenzene and 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene) and of NAD(P)H: quinone reductase
      in liver, upper small intestine and forestomach of female CD-1 mice were
      evaluated. The animals were fed five daily doses of 50 mumoles of each monomer
      (or 25 mumoles of each dimer). The structures of the monomers examined were: R1 =
      H and R2 = CH3 (I), R2 = C2H5 (VI), R2 = (CH2)2CH3 (VIII), R2 = CH(CH3)2 (X); R1
      = CH3 and R2 = C2H5 (VII), R2 = (CH2)2CH3 (IX), R2 = CH(CH3)2(XI); R2 = CH3 and
      R1 = C2H5(III), R1 = (CH2)2CH3(IV) and R1 = CH(CH3)2 (V). In addition, the
      monomethyl (XIII), monoethyl (XIV) and mono-n-propyl (XV) ethers of BHA dimer
      (XII; 2,2'-dihydroxy-3,3'-di-tert-butyl-5,5'-dimethoxybiphenyl) were also
      prepared. Under the conditions tested, all compounds were ineffective as enzyme
      inducers in the forestomach but produced coordinate induction of enzymes
      (generally 2- to 6-fold) in the cytosols of liver and mucosa of proximal small
      intestine. Increases in bulk of R1 and R2 beyond methyl groups tended to decrease
      the inductive potency of both monomers and dimers. The lack of strict structural
      specificity suggests that the induction depends on metabolic conversion of the
      analogues to common types of metabolites.

PMID- 4062967
TI  - Conjugation of organic compounds in isolated hepatocytes from a marine fish, the
      plaice, Pleuronectes platessa.
AB  - A method is described for the preparation of viable hepatocytes from a marine
      fish, the plaice. Their ability to detoxify organic compounds was measured by the
      formation of glucuronic acid and sulphate conjugates with the model substrates 1
      naphthol and phenolphthalein. 1-Naphthol was conjugated three- to four-fold
      faster than phenolphthalein and glucuronidation predominated with both
      substrates. Strong substrate inhibition of glucuronidation was observed with 200
      microM 1-naphthol or phenolphthalein. No measurable sulphate conjugation was
      detected with phenolphthalein. Treatment of fish with 3-methylcholanthrene
      induced formation of both glucuronide and sulphate conjugates by two- to three
      fold. Compared with rat hepatocytes, the extent of sulphation was 100-fold lower
      in plaice hepatocytes whereas glucuronide formation was only 10-fold lower. The
      observations indicate that isolated plaice hepatocytes provide a suitable system
      for studies of the detoxication of xenobiotic pollutants in fish liver.

PMID- 4062968
TI  - The reversible N-oxidation of the nitroimidazole radiosensitizer Ro 03-8799.

PMID- 4062969
TI  - Antisera raised against the drug haloperidol.
AB  - Antisera against haloperidol coupled to albumin have been raised in two rabbits.
      Both antisera bind haloperidol with high affinity but differ in their selectivity
      for binding other substances. A sub-population of anti-haloperidol antibodies has
      been partially purified from one antiserum by affinity chromatography. This sub
      population resembles the D2 dopamine receptor in its ability to bind some D2
      receptor selective antagonists.

PMID- 4062970
TI  - Role of adenosine uptake and metabolism by blood cells in the antiplatelet
      actions of dipyridamole, dilazep and nitrobenzylthioinosine.
AB  - Adenosine (Ado, 10 microM) did not inhibit ADP-induced human platelet aggregation
      in whole blood. However, if the blood was preincubated with dipyridamole (10
      microM), a potent inhibitor of the erythrocytic nucleoside transport system
      (NTS), Ado acted as a strong inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Similarly, Ado
      inhibited platelet aggregation in whole blood in the presence of other potent NTS
      inhibitors, dilazep (1 microM) and p-nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR, 1 microM). RA
      233 (10 microM), an analog of dipyridamole which is a potent inhibitor of
      platelet cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE), did not evoke the Ado effect in whole
      blood. However, in platelet-rich plasma (PRP), RA 233 potentiated strongly Ado
      mediated inhibition, whereas dipyridamole, dilazep and NBMPR were without
      activity. 5'-Methylthioadenosine (MTA), an Ado receptor antagonist, reversed the
      inhibition produced by a nucleoside transport system inhibitor plus Ado in whole
      blood. Dipyridamole (10 microM), dilazep (1 microM) or NBMPR (1 microM) blocked
      [14C]Ado (10 microM) uptake by blood cells in whole blood, whereas RA 233 (10
      microM) was not effective. The combination of 2'-deoxycoformycin (dCF, 5 microM),
      a tight-binding inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADA), plus 5-iodotubercidin
      (ITu, 10 microM), a potent inhibitor of adenosine kinase (Ado kinase), gave
      comparable Ado-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation in whole blood as was
      obtained when the blood was pretreated with dilazep. These studies suggest that
      the in vivo antiplatelet actions of drugs such as dipyridamole and dilazep result
      from their abilities to block erythrocytic Ado uptake and subsequent metabolism,
      thus elevating the extracellular steady-state concentration of the
      physiologically occurring, antiplatelet agent, Ado.

PMID- 4062971
TI  - Characteristics of the cytotoxic effects of the phenothiazine class of calmodulin
      antagonists.
AB  - We have characterized the antiproliferative effects of the phenothiazines, a
      group of antipsychotic drugs possessing a wide range of pharmacological actions.
      The phenothiazines inhibited both the proliferation and clonogenicity of L1210
      leukemic lymphocytes. This effect was dependent on both time of exposure and
      concentration of drug. Clonogenicity of cells in the logarithmic phase of growth
      was inhibited by greater than 99% at a concentration of drug that had no effect
      on cells in the plateau phase of growth. Human and murine cell lines, grown
      either in suspension or in monolayers, were equally susceptible. Calmodulin
      (CaM), purified from L1210 cells by preparative polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, had sensitivity to inhibition by phenothiazines similar to that
      reported for CaM prepared from brain. The order of potency was trifluoperazine
      greater than or equal to fluphenazine greater than chlorpromazine greater than
      chlorpromazine-sulfoxide. As a class, these drugs were less potent antagonists of
      CaM than was the bee venom polypeptide, melittin. The antiproliferative effects
      of phenothiazines were similar to the anticalmodulin effects. Thus, the same
      order of potencies was seen for both effects; the shapes of the dose-response
      curves were similarly steep and the effects of excess calcium on the inhibition
      of both were identical. These studies add pharmacological support for CaM being a
      potential intracellular target for the antiproliferative effect of the
      phenothiazines.

PMID- 4062972
TI  - Endogenous acetaldehyde in rats. Effects of exogenous ethanol, pyrazole,
      cyanamide and disulfiram.
AB  - Male Long-Evans rats consumed the alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors
      pyrazole, cyanamide or disulfiram, for 6 days. No endogenous blood acetaldehyde
      could be detected in controls and pyrazole treated rats, endogenous blood
      concentrations up to 2-5 nmoles/ml were, however, measured in the cyanamide and
      disulfiram-treated animals. Other rats received daily ethanol gastric intubations
      in addition to the consumption of the inhibitors. Little or no acetaldehyde was
      detected in the controls and pyrazole treated animals during acute ethanol
      intoxication or on the subsequent days. High blood levels (200-500 nmoles/ml)
      were observed in the rats consuming cyanamide and disulfiram, and concentrations
      up to 10-12 nmoles/ml were still found on the following day after all the ethanol
      had been eliminated. This acetaldehyde and the endogenous acetaldehyde could only
      be observed with the hemolyzation method in which blood hemolyzates were directly
      heated prior to headspace GC analysis; none was detected if blood proteins were
      first precipitated and removed with perchloric acid. It is suggested that
      aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors elevate endogenous concentrations of bound
      acetaldehyde and that exogenous ethanol increases this form of acetaldehyde.

PMID- 4062973
TI  - Action of hemicholinium-3 on phospholipid metabolism in Krebs II ascites cells.
AB  - Incorporation of [Me-14C]choline or/and [2-14C]ethanolamine into phospholipids of
      Krebs II ascites cells in toto have been tested in the presence of hemicholinium
      3. With [Me-14C]choline, labelling of cell pellet, intracellular choline,
      phosphocholine and total lipid extract is inhibited by hemicholinium-3 in a dose
      dependent way between 6.25 X 10(-6) M and 10(-3) M. These effects are caused by a
      diminution of the choline or/and ethanolamine transport across the cell membrane
      and by a choline-kinase inhibition. In Krebs cells, choline is taken up by a low
      affinity Na+ sensitive uptake system (KT = 46 X 10(-6) M) which is competitively
      inhibited by hemicholinium-3 (KTi = 161 X 10(-6) M). Krebs cells exert a counter
      transport (i.e. an exchange of choline across the membrane) against a
      concentration gradient of 10 mM choline whereas 10 mM hemicholinium-3 has no
      effect. Choline-kinase is also inhibited (I50 = 57 X 10(-6) M) in Krebs cells in
      toto and time-course data suggest that choline transport and phosphorylation
      might be tightly coupled. Specific radioactivities of phosphocholine and choline
      glycerophospholipids decrease owing to the effect of the drug on the uptake and
      phosphorylation system. With 4 X 10(-5) M hemicholinium-3 and [Me-14C]choline as
      a marker, labelled choline-glycerophospholipids are decreased by 22%. With [2
      14C]ethanolamine, labelled ethanolamine-phospholipids are decreased by 26% and
      choline-glycerophospholipids remain unlabelled. With the two markers, the
      additional effect produces a 35% decrease. It is concluded that hemicholinium-3
      might be able to induce a depression of the intracellular choline and
      phosphocholine pool which could provoke a serious quantitative deficiency of
      major phospholipids in Krebs cells.

PMID- 4062975
TI  - Studies on the distribution and covalent binding of 1,1-dichloroethylene in the
      mouse. Effect of various pretreatments on covalent binding in vivo.
AB  - The distribution and covalent binding of a single dose of [1,2-14C] 1,1
      dichloroethylene (DCE; 125 mg/kg, i.p.) was studied in male C57Bl/6N mice. Total
      radioactivity was distributed in whole homogenates of all tissues studied, with
      peak levels occurring within 6 hr. Covalent binding of radioactive material
      peaked at 6-12 hr in all tissues, and highest levels were found in kidney, liver,
      and lung with smaller amounts in skeletal muscle, heart, spleen, and gut.
      Covalent binding in kidney, liver, and lung fell to 50% of peak levels in about 4
      days. Between 12 hr and 4 days after DCE administration, 70-100% of total
      radioactivity present in homogenates of kidney, liver, and lung was covalently
      bound. The three tissues showed a similar spread in total radioactivity in
      subcellular fractions 24 hr after exposure to DCE; most of the radioactivity was
      covalently bound (60-100%) and distributed fairly uniformly with a slight
      tendency to concentrate in the mitochondrial fraction. Phenobarbital (PB) and 3
      methylcholanthrene (3-MC) pretreatments increased the covalent binding in the
      liver and lung but had no effect in the kidney. Piperonyl butoxide and SKF-525A
      decreased the covalent binding in liver and lung, but the latter increased
      binding in the kidney while the former decreased it. Diethylmaleate
      administration increased the covalent binding (2- to 3-fold) in all three tissues
      as well as increasing lethal toxicity. These results are consistent with the view
      that DCE is metabolized to some reactive intermediate(s) which may be detoxified
      by conjugation with glutathione.

PMID- 4062974
TI  - Comparison of the membrane-related effects of cytarabine and other agents on
      model membranes.
AB  - The membrane-associated effects of a series of chemotherapeutic and other drugs
      were examined via differential scanning calorimetry and by their modulation of
      the action of porcine phospholipase A2 (PLA2) on bilayer substrates. The drugs
      examined included: cytarabine, amino-glycoside antibiotics, adriamycin,
      dibucaine, butacaine, and VP-16. The bilayers employed were phase-separated
      ternary lipid mixtures containing dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine:
      palmitoyllysolecithin: and either hexadecanoic acid (fatty acid ternary mixture)
      or hexadecanol (alcohol ternary mixture). Effects of the more hydrophilic drugs
      (cytarabine and aminoglycoside antibiotics) on the calorimetric profiles of the
      negatively charged (fatty acid-containing) and the neutral (hexadecanol
      containing) ternary lipid mixtures indicate that the interaction of these drugs
      with biomembranes is likely to be dominated by electrostatic interactions. All of
      the drugs investigated, including the more hydrophobic adriamycin, dibucaine,
      butacaine, and VP-16, affected the phase equilibrium in the membrane and
      exhibited apparent noncompetitive inhibition of the action of PLA2 on bilayers
      composed of ternary lipid substrates. In addition, cytarabine inhibited fusion of
      fatty acid-containing ternary mixtures. CONCLUSIONS: These drug:membrane
      interactions leading to a shift in the phase equilibria were apparently
      regiospecific. Hydrophilic drug:membrane interactions included an important
      electrostatic component. The effects of all of the drugs employed in this study
      on the action of PLA2 on a bilayer substrate (fatty acid-containing ternary lipid
      mixture) are hypothesized to be a result of the drug-mediated shift in phase
      equilibria away from the optimally active phase distribution. As a result, PLA2
      binds with normal affinity to the membrane, but its membrane substrate is not
      catalytically turned over. It is evident that these drugs can directly affect
      cellular homeostasis in a manner that can show a dependence on the nature of the
      membrane surface.

PMID- 4062976
TI  - Dopamine D2 receptor dissociation constant for spiperone: identical values using
      3H-labeled agonist or 3H-labeled antagonist.

PMID- 4062977
TI  - The formation of the ultimate carcinogen of benzo(a)pyrene during non-enzymic
      lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 4062978
TI  - In vitro DNA methylation by methylnitrosourea in isolated copper- or silver
      preloaded rat liver nuclei.

PMID- 4062979
TI  - The hemolytic activity of citral--II. Glutathione depletion in citral treated
      erythrocytes.
AB  - The role of glutathione in citral induced hemolysis was investigated. The
      concentration of intracellular glutathione diminished in citral treated
      erythrocytes. GSH disappeared before hemolysis started. Glucose inhibited citral
      induced hemolysis and restored the depleted cellular stores of GSH. The results
      presented confirm the previous suggestion that a free radical-peroxide mechanism
      is involved in citral induced hemolysis.

PMID- 4062980
TI  - Transport and metabolism of double-labelled CDPcholine in mammalian tissues.
AB  - Double-labelled [methyl-14C,5-3H]CDPcholine has been synthesized and subjected to
      a pharmacokinetic analysis in several biological systems. In transport
      experiments with intact human erythrocytes no incorporation of radioactivity is
      observable. On the other hand the results obtained with perfused rat liver
      suggest a rapid cleavage of the pyrophosphate bridge of the molecule, followed by
      a rapid uptake of the hydrolytic products. The plasma half-lives of intravenously
      injected CDPcholine and of its metabolites have been evaluated within 60 sec
      range. Renal and fecal excretion of the injected radioactivity is negligible:
      only 2.5% of administered 14C- and 6.5% of the 3H- is excreted up to 48 hr after
      administration. Liver and kidney are the major CDPcholine metabolizing organs,
      characterized by a fast and extensive uptake of choline metabolites, followed by
      a slow release; conversely the rate of uptake of both 3H and 14C-labelled
      moieties by rat brain is significantly slower, reaching a steady-state level
      after 10 hr. The characterization of the labelled compounds detectable in the
      investigated organs provides some insights on the metabolism of the drug: the 3H
      cytidine moiety in all the examined organs appears to be incorporated into the
      nucleic acid fraction via the cytidine nucleotide pool; the [14C]choline moiety
      of the molecule is in part converted, at the mitochondrial level, into betaine
      which accounts for about 60% of the total 14C-radioactivity associated with liver
      and kidney 30 min after administration; [14C]betaine in turn acts as methyl donor
      to homocysteine yielding [14C]methionine subsequently incorporated into proteins;
      the time dependent increase in labelled phospholipids is indicative of a
      recycling of the choline methyl-groups in this lipid fraction via CDPcholine
      and/or S-adenosylmethionine; the rather extensive amount of labelled methionine
      detectable in brain probably arises from its uptake from the blood stream, since
      the enzyme catalyzing the conversion of betaine into methionine is lacking in
      brain.

PMID- 4062981
TI  - Effect of thyroid state on histamine H1 receptors in adult and developing rat
      brain.
AB  - The effect of thyroid status on histamine H1 receptors in adult and developing
      rat brain was investigated using the (3H) mepyramine binding assay.
      Hypothyroidism induced by treatment with 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil resulted in a
      31% decrease in the density and total content of adult rat brain (3H) mepyramine
      binding sites and a significant retardation of the developmental increase in H1
      receptor binding in neonates. At 30 days of age, when euthyroid rats reached
      binding levels of the adult, hypothyroid animals presented reductions of 22 and
      39% in (3H) mepyramine bound per unit weight and per brain respectively. In
      contrast, hyperthyroidism induced by treatment with L-thyroxine did not alter H1
      receptor numbers in the adult rat brain but accelerated the developmental
      increase in (3H) mepyramine bound per unit weight that reached normal adult
      levels by 21 days of age. The results suggest that thyroid dysfunction during
      early life and adulthood may cause derangements of the histaminergic system in
      the brain.

PMID- 4062982
TI  - Chelidonic acid and other conformationally restricted substrate analogues as
      inhibitors of rat brain glutamate decarboxylase.
AB  - Twenty conformationally restricted analogues of glutamate including benzoic
      acids, hydroxy-benzoic acids, pyridine dicarboxylic acids, and pyran dicarboxylic
      acids were tested as inhibitors of glutamate decarboxylase from rat brain.
      Chelidonic acid, 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid, chelidamic acid, gallic acid,
      and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid were the most potent inhibitors of the enzyme, and
      generally the aromatic analogues were much more potent inhibitors than their
      aliphatic counterparts. An intercarboxylate distance of 0.75 nm appears optimal
      for substrate competition, indicating that glutamate binds to the active site in
      an extended conformation. At least one carboxyl group can be replaced by a
      phenolic hydroxyl without greatly affecting inhibition. The degree of inhibition
      was also influenced by the aromatic structure, particularly with respect to the
      atom bridging the dicarboxylate carbons. Kinetic analysis of the inhibition by
      chelidonic acid and chelidamic acid showed that these compounds were competitive
      with glutamate with Ki values of 1.2 and 33 microM respectively. Consistent with
      this result, chelidonic acid also inhibited the glutamate-dependent formation of
      apoenzyme. Chelidonic acid itself did not promote formation of apoenzyme and did
      not react with free pyridoxal-P. The effects of different classes of glutamate
      decarboxylase inhibitors are discussed in relation to the formation of apoenzyme
      and its reactivation by pyridoxal-P. As one of the most potent inhibitors of
      glutamate decarboxylase known, chelidonic acid may be of value in studies of the
      regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis.

PMID- 4062983
TI  - Fate of hexachlorobenzene in C57BL/10 mice with iron overload.
AB  - The distribution of radioactivity in male C57BL/10 mice dosed with
      [14C]hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was followed over 21 days and found to be high in
      adipose tissue and adrenals, moderate in thymus whereas liver was relatively
      poorly labelled. A predose of iron (500 mg/kg), which greatly promotes the
      porphyrogenic action of HCB in this strain, had only a small effect on the
      distribution of radioactivity in tissues and excreta. Iron induced excretion of
      urinary metabolites from HCB by C57BL/10 mice but not by the insensitive DBA/2
      strain. However, there was no such difference in faecal metabolites, total
      metabolism was only slightly increased and there was no correlation between liver
      porphyrin levels and urinary excretion of metabolites by individual mice. At the
      end of 4 weeks exposure of iron-treated C57BL/10 mice to HCB urinary metabolites
      fell while porphyrin excretion continued to rise. Thus the considerable
      sensitisation of the C57BL/10 strain after iron overload to the induction of
      porphyria by HCB cannot be ascribed simply to enhancement of total metabolism but
      must be caused either by the formation of a specific undetected metabolite or
      induction of some other toxic process.

PMID- 4062984
TI  - Metabolic energy dependent exocytosis of mouse mast cells by lectin of Dioclea
      grandiflora (Mart.).

PMID- 4062985
TI  - Inhibition of protein secretion from liver by cadmium.

PMID- 4062986
TI  - Non-selective inhibition of GABA and 5-HT uptake systems in rat brain by N-n
      alkyl hydroxybenzylamine and N-n-alkyl phenylethylamine derivatives.

PMID- 4062987
TI  - Lack of inhibition of glucuronidation in isolated rat hepatocytes by diethyl
      ether anesthesia.

PMID- 4062988
TI  - In vitro phosphorylation and the identification of multiple protein changes in
      membranes of Chinese hamster lung cells resistant to adriamycin.

PMID- 4062989
TI  - [Study of the spatial structure of a cyclic analog of bradykinin in solution by
      two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy].
AB  - H NMR resonances of [cyclo (9----18) Lys1, Gly6]bradykinin (CBK) in (CD3)2SO and
      H2O solution have been assigned by combined analysis of two-dimensional COSY and
      NOESY spectra. The presence of two slowly interchangeable conformers of CBK in
      (CD3)2SO is established, the minor conformer not exceeding 15% in the population.
      The minor conformer is absent from the aqueous solution, chemical shifts of the
      CBK and bradykinin NH and C alpha H protons differ insignificantly. The major CBK
      conformer contains at least two X-Pro trans-peptide groups and three amide
      protons NH Phe5, NH Arg9 and N zeta H Lys1 protected from solvent. A system of
      cross-peaks from the NOESY spectra of CBK in (CD3)2SO has been analysed and the
      maximum distance between backbone protons and neighbouring amino acid residues
      evaluated. The experimental data agree well with the assumed type II beta-bend in
      the sequence Pro2-Pro3-Gly4-Phe5. Spatial structure models for the backbone
      fragment 6-9 of CBK containing two intramolecular hydrogen bonds that involve the
      NH Arg9 and N zeta H Lys1 protons and the carbonyl groups of Phe5 and Gly4 are
      proposed.

PMID- 4062990
TI  - [Synthesis of peptide fragments of influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2)
      hemagglutinins].
AB  - Peptides corresponding to sequences 122-133, 136-147, and 154-164 of the heavy
      chain of hemagglutinin of the A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) influenza virus have been
      synthesized by stepwise elongation of the peptide chain with Boc-amino acid
      activated esters or by condensation of peptide blocks by DCC/HOBt-method. A
      coloured C-protecting group, 2-[4-(phenylazo)-benzylsulfonyl]ethyl (PSE), was
      used, which is convenient in purification of synthetic peptides. After removal of
      terminal N-and C-protecting groups the side-protecting residues were cleaved off
      with 1 M trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in trifluoroacetic acid containing 10%
      thioanisole. Crude products were purified by preparative reversed-phase liquid
      chromatography. Synthesized peptides were conjugated with BSA.

PMID- 4062991
TI  - [Complement fixation activity of immunoglobulin G in ethylene glycol solutions].
AB  - Affinity of IgG to the first complement factor C1q was found out to increase in
      10-30% glycol solutions. Analytical ultracentrifugation and turbidity data showed
      that IgG molecules do not aggregate at such concentrations of glycol. The
      complement-binding effect may be caused by a conformational transition in the IgG
      molecules.

PMID- 4062993
TI  - [Synthesis of a fluorescently-labeled platelet activating factor].
AB  - The synthesis of fluorescently labelled PAF-acether, 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero
      3-phospho-[N-(9-anthrylmethyl)-N, N-dimethylethanolamine] with the label in the
      choline moiety is described, plasmalogen lysophosphatidylcholine of bovine heart
      being used as starting material.

PMID- 4062992
TI  - [Activation of pancreatic lipase by detergents. III. Oligomerization of the
      enzyme].
AB  - Activation of pancreatic lipase by non-micellar solution of sodium
      dodecylsulphate (SDS) has been studied. By means of gel-filtration it was found
      that SDS forces the lipase to form an octamer. A new method of the active sites
      titration using alkylboronic acids is proposed. The octameric form of the lipase
      was shown to contain six active sites at the optimal SDS concentration. The
      activated form of pancreatic lipase supposedly contains six native subunits, each
      of them forming an active site, and two conformationally altered subunits. This
      model was confirmed by a probability-theoretic calculation.

PMID- 4062994
TI  - [Synthesis and biological activity of cyclic and linear analogs of C-terminal
      fragments of neurotensin].
AB  - Using solid-phase approach, new cyclic and linear analogues of C-terminal
      neurotensin (NT) fragments were synthesized and their vasodepressor and miotropic
      activities were assayed. The cyclic structures were fixed by a peptide bond
      linking the lysine epsilon-amino group with the C-terminal carboxyl. Cyclization
      was performed by using pentafluorophenyl esters or diphenylphosphorylazide.
      [Phe5]-cyclo(13----6 epsilon)NT-(5-13) was found to possess high depressor
      activity showing certain selectivity with respect to smooth vasal muscles.
      Circular dichroism spectra of aqueous solutions of linear and cyclic penta- and
      octapeptide analogues of neurotensin indicate that the linear pentapeptide in
      solution adopts a folded structure, while the neurotensin fragment NT-(6-13) has
      an unordered structure. Cyclization of the latter fragment leads to dramatic
      restriction of its conformational mobility resulting in a relatively rigid
      structure.

PMID- 4062995
TI  - [Study of the spatial structure of des-Gly9-[Arg8]vasopressin by two-dimensional
      NMR spectroscopy and theoretical conformation analysis].
AB  - 2D 1H-NMR spectra of des-Gly9-[Arg8]vasopressin in dimethylsulfoxide have been
      taken and the 1H resonances have been assigned. The coupling constants and amide
      proton temperature coefficients (delta delta/delta T) have been measured and the
      NOE cross-peaks in the NOESY spectrum have been analyzed. The most essential
      information on the spatial structure of des-Gly9-[Arg8]vasopressin is extracted
      from the low delta delta/delta T value for Asn5 amide proton and from the NOE
      between the Cys1 and Cys6 alpha-protons. A diminished accessibility of the Asn5
      NH proton for the solvent is ascribed to the presence of a beta-turn in the
      fragment 2-5. The distance between the Cys1 and Cys6 C alpha H protons seems to
      be less than 4 A. These constraints were taken into account in the conformational
      analysis of the title peptide. The derived set of the low-energy backbone
      conformations was analyzed against the background of the all available NMR data.
      The most probable conformation of the cyclic moiety in des-Gly9-[Arg8]vasopressin
      was found to be the type III beta-turn. The corner positions are occupied by the
      residues 3, 4, while the residues 1-2 and 5-6 are at the extended sites. Some NMR
      data indicate that this structure is in a dynamic equilibrium with other minor
      conformers.

PMID- 4062996
TI  - ARA presidential address. A time for change and a time to remain the same.

PMID- 4062997
TI  - IgA rheumatoid factor synthesis by dissociated synovial cells. Characterization
      and relationship to IgM rheumatoid factor synthesis.
AB  - We examined patterns of IgA rheumatoid factor (RF) and IgM-RF synthesis by
      dissociated synovial cells obtained from 27 patients with seropositive rheumatoid
      arthritis. Synthesis of IgA-RF was observed in 19 of 34 synovial cell
      preparations from these patients and constituted a mean of 16% of the total IgA
      produced. IgA-RF expression correlated only weakly with IgM-RF production (r =
      0.385) and could be dissociated from production of IgA-RF (and IgM-RF) exhibited
      by simultaneously obtained peripheral blood plasma cells. While wide variations
      were observed in the ratio of IgA-RF:IgM-RF produced by synovial B cells in the
      patient sample studied, remarkable consistency in the relationship of IgA-RF to
      IgM-RF synthesis was observed over time in different joints of the same patient.
      IgA-RF synthesized by dissociated synovial cells was predominantly of the IgA1
      subclass and existed in both monomeric and polymeric forms. Our results are
      compatible with the view that local production of IgA-RF and IgM-RF are regulated
      independently of each other.

PMID- 4062998
TI  - Computed tomography of the hindfoot with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - We are performing direct, coronally oriented computed tomographic (CT) scans of
      the subtalar joint in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. To date, 16
      examinations have been performed in 14 patients, 5 of whom were scheduled to
      undergo subtalar arthrodesis. Scans were 4-7-mm thick and spanned the length of
      the subtalar joint. CT scans depicted and localized subtalar abnormalities
      clearly and precisely. On CT scans, patients showed a characteristic
      constellation of abnormalities including: soft tissue swelling, cartilage space
      narrowing, bony erosions, and a pes planovalgus alignment abnormality (consisting
      of increased heel valgus angulation, and a tendency toward flattening of the
      sustentaculum tali, and medial and downward slippage of the talar head). The
      clarity of the CT images facilitated the surgeon's pre- and postoperative
      evaluation. In particular, it was easy to plan the correction of the valgus
      deformity, anticipate any special requirements for reinforcing the articular
      surfaces, and assess the results of surgery. We conclude that coronal CT scans
      clearly demonstrate abnormalities and help the surgeon evaluate the rheumatoid
      hindfoot.

PMID- 4062999
TI  - Hormonal modulation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Preliminary clinical and
      hormonal results with cyproterone acetate.
AB  - We prospectively studied the effects of hormonal modulation using the
      antigonadotropic drug, cyproterone acetate (CA), in 7 female patients who had
      moderately active systemic lupus erythematosus. CA was taken orally at a mean
      daily dose of 50 mg for 21-33 months by 6 patients (9 months by the seventh
      patient) without any side effects. The number of clinical lupus exacerbations
      during CA treatment was lower than that during the corresponding pretreatment
      period (15 of 170 patient-months versus 27 of 156 patient-months; P less than
      0.05), despite a reduction in the daily maintenance dose of corticosteroids or
      antimalarial drugs. Mean plasma testosterone levels were low initially and
      remained unchanged (0.66 +/- 0.31 to 0.59 +/- 0.23 nmoles/liter), whereas plasma
      estradiol decreased markedly (from 0.6 +/- 0 38 to 0.11 +/- 0.03 nmoles/liter),
      resulting in a significant reduction in the estradiol:testosterone ratio (from
      1.19 +/- 0.68 to 0.23 +/- 0.12) and in the plasma concentration of the sex
      hormone-binding protein. Thus, cyproterone acetate induced improvement in
      clinical lupus activity in parallel with the expected lower
      estradiol:testosterone balance.

PMID- 4063000
TI  - Noninvasive evaluation of cardiac dysrhythmias, and their relationship with
      multisystemic symptoms, in progressive systemic sclerosis patients.
AB  - Fifty-three patients (34 who had diffuse scleroderma, and 19 who had CREST
      syndrome [calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility,
      sclerodactyly, and telangiectasias]) were studied by noninvasive procedures,
      including resting electrocardiogram (ECG), continuous 24-hour Holter ECG
      monitoring, M-mode echocardiography, and 2-dimensional echocardiography. Only 22
      patients (42%) had abnormalities such as conduction defects, supraventricular or
      ventricular arrhythmias, or ST-T changes detected on resting ECG. In contrast,
      using Holter monitoring, the number of conduction abnormalities seen increased
      from 10 to 16 patients and transient ST-T changes increased from 2 to 18
      patients. Forty-eight patients had ventricular arrhythmias, with multiform
      ventricular premature beats in 21 (40%), pairs of runs of ventricular tachycardia
      in 15 patients (28%), and 1 or more runs of ventricular tachycardia in 7 (13%).
      Echocardiography detected asymmetric septal hypertrophy in 10 patients, impaired
      ventricular function in 9 patients, congestive cardiomyopathy in 2, mitral
      prolapse in 4, and pericardial effusion in 3 patients. Multiform and/or
      repetitive ventricular premature beats occurred more frequently in patients with
      echocardiographic abnormalities, but were also present in patients who had normal
      findings on echocardiographic examination. Cardiac involvement was not correlated
      with clinical variants of scleroderma (CREST syndrome or diffuse scleroderma),
      nor with other signs and symptoms of the disease. Thus, cardiac involvement is
      found much more frequently than would be expected from clinical symptoms or from
      results of resting ECG alone; therefore, Holter monitoring and echocardiography
      should be included in the routine workup of patients who have scleroderma.

PMID- 4063001
TI  - Triamcinolone hexacetonide protects against fibrillation and osteophyte formation
      following chemically induced articular cartilage damage.
AB  - Although corticosteroids have been shown to cause articular cartilage
      degeneration, recent studies of experimentally induced osteoarthritis indicate
      that under certain conditions they may protect against cartilage damage and
      osteophyte formation. The present study examines the in vivo effect of
      triamcinolone hexacetonide on the degeneration of articular cartilage which
      occurs following intraarticular injection of sodium iodoacetate. Three weeks
      after a single injection of iodoacetate into the knees of guinea pigs,
      ipsilateral femoral condylar cartilage exhibited fibrillation, loss of staining
      with Safranin O, depletion of chondrocytes, and prominent osteophytes. In
      striking contrast, when triamcinolone hexacetonide was injected into the
      ipsilateral knee 24 hours after the intraarticular injection of iodoacetate,
      fibrillation was noted in only 1 of 6 samples, osteophytes were much less
      prominent, pericellular staining with Safranin O persisted, and cell loss was
      less extensive. Knees of animals which received only one-tenth as much
      intraarticular triamcinolone hexacetonide after the iodoacetate injection also
      exhibited marked reduction in size and extent of osteophytes. However, the degree
      of fibrillation, loss of Safranin O staining, and chondrocyte depletion was
      similar to that observed in animals injected with iodoacetate but not treated
      with intraarticular steroid. No apparent morphologic or histochemical changes
      were observed after intraarticular injection of the steroid preparation alone.
      Thus, triamcinolone hexacetonide produced a marked, dose-dependent protective
      effect in this model of chemically induced articular cartilage damage.

PMID- 4063002
TI  - Suppression of hyaluronic acid synthesis in synovial organ cultures by
      corticosteroid suspensions.
AB  - The effects of sparingly soluble corticosteroid suspensions prepared for
      intraarticular therapy, of their vehicles, and of hydrocortisone on synovial
      hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis were compared in organ cultures of normal canine
      villous synovium. Both hydrocortisone and the corticosteroid suspensions
      suppressed HA synthesis, as did 2 vehicle components, polysorbate 80 and myristyl
      gamma-picrolinium chloride. Cultures of synovium from joints of dogs which, 1 day
      previously, had been injected with methylprednisolone acetate suspension
      synthesized less HA than did control cultures from noninjected joints of the same
      animals. The results indicate that suppression of HA synthesis is a mechanism by
      which these drugs can act to reduce joint HA content and promote resolution of
      synovial effusions.

PMID- 4063003
TI  - Effective patient education. A quasi-experiment comparing an individualized
      strategy with a routinized strategy.
AB  - A quasi-experiment was conducted on 127 hospitalized rheumatoid arthritis
      patients to determine the relative success of 3 patient teaching strategies--an
      individualized program, a routinized program, and a no-planned-instruction
      program--on patients' knowledge of their disease and treatment. Data analysis
      revealed that the individualized program produced a 100% greater learning gain
      than the routinized program in patients who had low pretest scores. The results
      suggest that maximum patient learning occurs when the teaching process
      accommodates important patient differences.

PMID- 4063004
TI  - Progressive myalgias and polyarthralgias in a patient with myoadenylate deaminase
      deficiency.

PMID- 4063005
TI  - Post-traumatic chylous joint effusion.

PMID- 4063006
TI  - Relapse of lupus transverse myelitis mimicked by vertebral fractures and spinal
      cord compression.

PMID- 4063007
TI  - Is primary chronic uveitis responsive to treatment with nonsteroidal
      antiinflammatory drugs?

PMID- 4063008
TI  - 1985 convention program. November 22-25, 1985, Washington. American Speech
      Language-Hearing Association. Abstracts.

PMID- 4063009
TI  - Hormonal changes during induced ovulation of the carp, Cyprinus carpio.
AB  - The changes in plasma concentrations of eight steroids (testosterone,
      testosterone glucuronide, estradiol, estradiol glucuronide, 17
      hydroxyprogesterone, 17,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 beta P),
      deoxycorticosterone, and cortisol) have been followed in three individual carp,
      Cyprinus carpio, during ovulation induced by carp pituitary extract.
      Deoxycorticosterone and estradiol glucuronide were not detectable and small
      amounts of 17,20 beta P were found only in one fish. A priming injection of
      pituitary extract, administered 24 hr before ovulation, stimulated an increase in
      testosterone 3-6 hr later, followed by an increase in estradiol. The second
      injection of pituitary extract given 12 hr after the priming dose, resulted in a
      second peak of testosterone which was accompanied by a peak of testosterone
      glucuronide, a conjugate which was usually formed in only small amounts following
      the priming dose. A sharp peak of 17-hydroxyprogesterone followed the second
      stimulation and it is suggested that this, rather than 17,20 beta P, may be the
      natural inducer of maturation in carp. Although cortisol levels showed large
      variations, they appeared to be stimulated by the priming dose of pituitary
      extract. Levels of all steroids, except for cortisol, fell rapidly after
      ovulation.

PMID- 4063010
TI  - Nursing home care as an alternative to psychiatric hospitalization. A Veterans
      Administration cooperative study.
AB  - Nursing homes have played a major role in deinstitutionalization, and their
      increased use for the mentally ill has been questioned. We performed a controlled
      study of nursing homes as an alternative to continued psychiatric
      hospitalization. Men (N = 403) referred for nursing home placement from eight
      Veterans Administration medical centers were randomly assigned to community
      nursing homes (CNHs), Veterans Administration nursing care units, continued care
      on the same ward, or transfer to another psychiatric ward. Patients met defined
      criteria for schizophrenia or organic brain disease. Data were collected before
      random assignment and six and 12 months later, covering physical and mental
      function, psychopathology, mood, social adjustment, satisfaction with care, as
      well as drug use, characteristics of settings, and movement in and out of
      settings. Significant differences between settings were found in self-care,
      behavioral deterioration, mental confusion, depression, and satisfaction with
      care. Results were strikingly consistent, showing the group transferred to
      another ward doing better and the CNH group doing worse. Drug use did not differ
      from six months before entering the study or later between the settings. Cost
      showed a marked advantage for the CNH group. Thus, the less costly community
      nursing home alternative must be viewed in the context of the nonmonetary costs
      of less favorable patient outcome.

PMID- 4063011
TI  - Effect of biological response modifier-streptococcal preparation OK-432 on NK/K
      cell system of gnotobiotic miniature swine.

PMID- 4063012
TI  - [Platelet adenosine desaminase in various hematological diseases].
AB  - Activity of adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) was studied in thrombocytes of
      donors and patients with various hematological diseases. The enzymatic activity
      was decreased in acute leukemia, chronic myeloleukemia, chronic leukemia and
      blast transformation myeloma, microspherocytic and hypoplastic anemias. Variable
      level of the activity was observed in chronic lympholeukemia and non-Hodgkin
      disease. In all the diseases studied functions of thrombocytes were altered after
      treatment with various aggregating agents (ADP, thrombin, collagen, adrenaline,
      ristomycin).

PMID- 4063013
TI  - Central venous and mixed venous oxygen saturation: comparison during canine open
      chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
AB  - Mixed venous oxygen saturation (MVO2) is a valuable parameter in monitoring
      critically ill patients because it serves as an index of the adequacy of the
      oxygen delivery system. Mixed venous oxygen saturation as reflected by the easily
      obtainable central venous oxygen saturation (CVO2) may prove useful during
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) as an indicator of both the adequacy of
      varying CPR regimens and the efficacy of pharmacological interventions. This
      study investigates the relationship between CVO2 and MVO2 and its clinical
      usefulness during CPR. Swan-Ganz and central venous catheters were placed in 20
      mongrel dogs. Ventricular fibrillation was then induced and, after predetermined
      downtimes ranging from 5 to 60 minutes, thoracotomy was performed, and open-chest
      bimanual cardiac massage was started. Central venous and mixed venous blood-gas
      samples were drawn every five minutes during a 30-minute period of CPR. The
      correlation between CVO2 and MVO2 was 0.8719 (P less than 0.001) before arrest
      but deteriorated at all times during CPR with values ranging from 0.1589 (P =
      0.542) to 0.5781 (P = 0.024). Although statistically significant at times, the
      correlation between CVO2 and MVO2 during CPR is not consistently high enough to
      enable the routine substitution of CVO2 for MVO2 in assessing the oxygen delivery
      system.

PMID- 4063014
TI  - Incidence and causes of hypokalemia associated with cardiac resuscitation.
AB  - To further investigate the incidence and etiology of hypokalemia during cardiac
      arrest, the authors compared data on 74 adult nontrauma cardiac arrest patients
      (44 men, 30 women, age 65 +/- 13 years) who had a serum potassium (K+) level
      documented during or immediately following resuscitation with data on 53 adult
      controls with life-threatening medical emergencies presenting to the emergency
      department who did not experience arrest. Hypokalemia (serum K+ less than 3.6
      mEq/l) occurred in 25 arrest patients (34%) compared with nine controls (17%).
      Serum K+ was not significantly different shortly before (3.7 +/- 0.4) versus
      immediately after arrest (3.6 +/- 0.8) in a small subgroup of patients, making
      intracellular shifting of K+ because of metabolic events during resuscitation an
      unlikely etiology. Hypokalemia was associated with a 2.5-fold increase in
      relative risk for cardiac arrest. Patients who were receiving diuretics without
      K+ supplementation had the highest risk of arrest (4.4-fold increase).
      Supplementation of K+ appeared to be protective in patients on diuretics. The
      authors confirm the association between hypokalemia and cardiac arrest and
      suggest that this metabolic abnormality may be an important risk factor for
      cardiac arrest.

PMID- 4063015
TI  - Comprehensive toxicology screening in the emergency department: an aid to
      clinical diagnosis.
AB  - An audit of 2,641 toxicology requests from the Georgetown University Hospital
      Emergency Department from 1981 through 1984 was conducted to assess the
      contribution of toxicology laboratory results to the clinical evaluation of the
      intoxicated patient. Positive findings were obtained in 80% of the patients
      tested. Ethanol was the most common intoxicant, accounting for 48% of all
      positive results and an average serum concentration of 250 mg/dl. Multiple drug
      use was documented in 28% of the patients with positive results; some ingested as
      many as six substances. Women were more likely than men to be polydrug users. A
      comparison of laboratory findings with diagnosis based on history and examination
      for 76 patients revealed that the laboratory provided additional information on
      the nature of the intoxication two-thirds of the time. Our conclusion is that the
      toxicology laboratory offering a broadly based screening service when properly
      utilized by the emergency department staff can aid in establishing an accurate
      diagnosis and provide a guide to therapy in the intoxicated patient.

PMID- 4063016
TI  - Adult supraglottitis.
AB  - Hospital records from 1974 through 1983 contained the cases of 20 patients over
      18 years old admitted with supraglottitis (epiglottitis). Most patients presented
      with pharyngitis and odynophagia, and were diagnosed by laryngoscopy and neck
      radiographs. Four patients required tracheostomies, and one was nasotracheally
      intubated because of impending airway obstruction. Visualization of the
      hypopharynx was often necessary for diagnosis and in accordance with previously
      reported cases, did not precipitate airway obstruction. Adults without
      respiratory distress can be treated in the intensive care unit with inhaled mist,
      antibiotics, and corticosteroids, and such patients usually recover in a few
      days. Tracheostomy is being supplanted by nasotracheal intubation as the
      preferred means of securing an endangered airway.

PMID- 4063017
TI  - Stroma-free methemoglobin solution: an effective antidote for acute cyanide
      poisoning.
AB  - Several aspects of stroma-free methemoglobin solution (SFMS) as a cyanide
      antidote were investigated using a rat model. Stroma-free methemoglobin solution
      was more than 90% effective against multiples of the LD90 of cyanide up to and
      including four times the LD90 and approximately 50% effective against multiples
      up to and including eight times the LD90. Highly concentrated solutions of SFMS
      (33 g/dl) did not differ significantly from less concentrated solutions of SFMS
      (16 g/dl) when compared on the basis of efficacy. Administration of large doses
      of SFMS alone resulted in no apparent morbidity or mortality. It could be that
      SFMS is a safe and effective alternative antidote for the treatment of cyanide
      poisoning.

PMID- 4063018
TI  - Nifedipine in the management of hypertensive emergencies: report of two cases and
      review of the literature.
AB  - Calcium channel blockers are assuming increasingly important roles in the
      practice of emergency medicine. Two cases and a review of the literature relating
      to treatment of hypertensive emergencies with nifedipine are presented.
      Nifedipine has a rapid onset of action (buccal, 10-15 minutes; oral, 30-45
      minutes) and peak effect (buccal, 30 minutes, oral, 60 minutes). The duration of
      effects is four to six hours regardless of the route of administration, with a
      mean arterial pressure reduction of 21.6% (248/134 mm Hg to 165/87 mm Hg). In
      patients with severe hypertension and left ventricular failure, a consistent
      reduction in systemic vascular resistance (2,088 dynes/sec/cm-5 to 1242
      dynes/sec/cm-5) and cardiac index (2.76 l/min/m2 to 3.77 l/min/m2) has been
      reported. The patients in this study had severe hypertension (systolic blood
      pressure greater than 180 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure greater than 120 mm Hg)
      and end organ involvement (including heart failure, left ventricular strain,
      headache, confusion, dizziness, and shortness of breath). Nifedipine (10 mg) was
      administered buccally with prompt reduction of blood pressure and resolution of
      the patients' symptoms. Nifedipine appears to be a safe, effective agent for the
      management of hypertensive emergencies. Its pharmacokinetic profile and routes of
      administration make it particularly valuable in the practice of emergency
      medicine.

PMID- 4063019
TI  - Critical-care training for emergency medicine residency graduates.

PMID- 4063020
TI  - Epiglottitis: a recurrent episode in a youth.
AB  - Epiglottitis should be suspected in the adolescent with throat pain and dysphagia
      out of proportion to pharyngeal inflammation. Endolateral neck radiographs or
      indirect laryngoscopy will confirm the diagnosis. Blood and throat or epiglottic
      cultures always should be obtained. Therapy consists of airway stabilization and
      antibiotic administration. Although epiglottitis in adolescents is often less
      acute and less severe than in younger children, it may be life-threatening.

PMID- 4063021
TI  - Verapamil in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Verapamil, the drug of choice for conversion of most cases of paroxysmal
      supraventricular tachycardia, has also displayed some efficacy in the treatment
      of ventricular tachycardia. A case in which the administration of intravenous
      verapamil resulted in conversion of ventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm is
      presented. Experimental and clinical studies of verapamil in the treatment of
      this arrhythmia have revealed markedly variable results. Verapamil does not
      appear to be consistently effective in converting ventricular tachycardia. It
      has, however, demonstrated utility in some instances, especially in cases
      resistant to more traditional therapeutic agents, as well as relatively unusual
      forms of ventricular tachycardia. Verapamil may be most effective in suppressing
      ventricular tachycardia initiated by certain mechanisms.

PMID- 4063022
TI  - Conjunctival oxygen monitoring in atrial flutter.

PMID- 4063023
TI  - Acute epiglottitis in adults.
AB  - Acute infectious epiglottitis, a serious life-threatening disease because of its
      potential for sudden upper airway obstruction, is most commonly seen in children,
      although it can occur in adults. Because acute epiglottitis is uncommon in
      adults, it is often misdiagnosed. Five cases are presented that demonstrate the
      clinical characteristics of adult epiglottitis. Knowledge of the symptoms and
      signs of the disease will lead to early diagnosis and appropriate management,
      thereby reducing morbidity and mortality rates.

PMID- 4063024
TI  - Seizures in pregnancy.

PMID- 4063025
TI  - Physicians at the roadside: pre-hospital emergency care in the United Kingdom.
AB  - In some parts of the United Kingdom (UK), family doctors (or "general
      practitioners" as they are called in the UK) are routinely called upon by the
      emergency medical services (EMS) system to attend road accidents. The doctors are
      volunteers and travel to the scene of the accident in their own cars. Members of
      one such general practitioner accident service operating in Mid-Anglia complete
      an accident report form after attending each incident. In 1983, the Mid-Anglia
      General Practitioner Accident Service (MAGPAS) received 1,715 calls for medical
      assistance, and in 95% of these a doctor was sent immediately. Of these calls,
      57% were passed to the doctor within one minute of the receipt of the call in the
      MAGPAS control room, and 78% were relayed within two minutes. This rapid call
      out, combined with the close proximity of the local doctor to the accident site,
      resulted in the doctors arriving ahead of the ambulance in 42% of the calls. A
      total of 54 patients with airway obstruction were treated by the doctors prior to
      the arrival of the ambulance. Ninety-nine patients required immediate intravenous
      fluid replacement in the pre-hospital phase of their medical care. This report
      suggests that general practitioners in rural areas can play a vital role in the
      early management of trauma patients, especially in the absence of ambulance
      personnel trained in advanced life support skills.

PMID- 4063026
TI  - The Second International Urban EMS Conference.
AB  - The major difference between the 1983 and 1984 conferences was the increased
      participation of EMS-system administrators in the latter program. Although there
      was refinement by the conferees of the previous positions, the focus of the 1984
      conference moved away from purely medical issues and towards concerns about
      cost/benefit analysis, organization, and governance. The triad of government
      officials responsible for public safety, systems administrators responsible for
      efficiency, and physicians responsible for medical control is balanced in
      different ways in different jurisdictions. Nevertheless, there is continuing
      convergence towards international urban EMS systems that are more similar than
      different.

PMID- 4063027
TI  - Automatic external defibrillation: bringing it home.

PMID- 4063028
TI  - Physician education in emergency and critical-care medicine: a continuum?

PMID- 4063029
TI  - Medical malpractice and emergency medicine: the crisis of the 1980s.

PMID- 4063030
TI  - Utilization of emergency toxicology screens.

PMID- 4063031
TI  - Comparison of paramedic intubation training techniques.

PMID- 4063032
TI  - Free-standing emergency centers and the ED.

PMID- 4063033
TI  - Special requirements for residency training.

PMID- 4063034
TI  - Placement of transthoracic pacemakers.

PMID- 4063035
TI  - ACEP and academics.

PMID- 4063036
TI  - [Influence of glare within the visual field and illuminance in the circumference
      on operators at a VDT workplace].

PMID- 4063037
TI  - [The effects of the motion mode on surface electromyograms during dynamic
      contractions].

PMID- 4063039
TI  - Developing a prediction equation of maximum local muscle energy metabolic rate
      with somatometric indices.

PMID- 4063038
TI  - [Physiological responses of resting men and women in a hot environment at 50
      degrees C].

PMID- 4063040
TI  - [Re-examination of the relationship between lactate threshold and ventilatory
      threshold].

PMID- 4063041
TI  - [Skin blood flow in different ambient temperatures at rest and during exercise].

PMID- 4063042
TI  - [On urine flow and insensible water loss under helium-oxygen high pressure].

PMID- 4063043
TI  - [A technic for measurement of metabolic rate during sleep].

PMID- 4063044
TI  - [Drug injection and collection of blood in cats under hyperbaric condition].

PMID- 4063045
TI  - [Racial comparison of physiological responses during work in a hot-humid
      environment].

PMID- 4063046
TI  - [Effects of illumination on physiological strain during VDT work].

PMID- 4063047
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of the effect of the administration of naloxone in
      comparison with methylprednisolone in infants with septic shock].

PMID- 4063048
TI  - [Epidemiologic aspects of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy].

PMID- 4063049
TI  - [Reye's syndrome. Clinical experience].

PMID- 4063050
TI  - [Transient hyperkalemic renal tubular acidosis of childhood (type IV, subtype
      5)].

PMID- 4063051
TI  - [Williams' syndrome. Etiology and pathogenesis].

PMID- 4063052
TI  - [Primary hemangioma of the skull in an adolescent].

PMID- 4063053
TI  - [Giant lymphangioma].

PMID- 4063054
TI  - [Tetany and rickets in the neonatal period].

PMID- 4063055
TI  - [Small, large and giant nevi. What direction to follow?].

PMID- 4063056
TI  - On the dissimilar effects of alcohol and aging on the perception of cognitive
      failings.
AB  - The effects of age and duration of alcoholism on self-report of cognitive errors
      were examined in detoxified alcoholic outpatients and normal controls. Among
      alcoholics, longer duration of alcohol abuse was associated with report of more
      frequent cognitive errors. Among both groups, aging was associated with report of
      less frequent errors. Thus, data from self-assessment of cognitive performance
      suggests that alcoholism and aging have dissimilar effects.

PMID- 4063058
TI  - Acute ethanol administration: effects on stress-induced gastric and duodenal
      ulcer in rats.
AB  - Rats were given 6% ethanol (v/v) as their only source of liquid for 4 days. On
      the basis of ethanol consumption (g/kg/day), animals were divided into high,
      medium and low ethanol consuming groups. A non-ethanol exposed control group was
      also included. Following a 24 hr food deprivation period, animals were restrained
      for 3 hr. No differences in gastric ulcer frequency or severity were noted with
      the exception of a slight tendency toward a lower incidence among ethanol
      consuming rats relative to controls. An unusual observation was the high
      incidence of duodenal ulcer observed only among ethanol consuming rats. This
      ethanol-stress interaction is discussed in terms of an animal's history of
      ethanol exposure.

PMID- 4063057
TI  - Effects of ethanol and naltrexone on aggressive display in the siamese fighting
      fish, Betta splendens.
AB  - The present study used the aggressive display of Betta splendens in response to a
      mirror as an index of the effects of ethanol and the opiate antagonist,
      naltrexone. Naltrexone produces an opiate receptor blockade and thus provided a
      test of the hypothesis that ethanol effects on aggression are mediated by the
      opioid system. Eighty fish were randomly assigned to one of eight groups in a 4 X
      2 factorial design with Ethanol (0, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 g%) and Naltrexone (0
      and 5 mg/l) as the main factors. The 0.75 g% dose of ethanol reliably suppressed
      aggressive display as measured by number of gill show responses, but lower doses
      had no effect or tended to increase aggressive display. At the same time, all
      doses of ethanol increased arousal in the fish as measured by airgulping.
      Naltrexone alone did not have effects on aggression or arousal, and did not
      interact with ethanol on either measure. Thus the results did not support the
      ethanol-opioid common-link hypothesis.

PMID- 4063059
TI  - A comparison of ethanol absorption and narcosis in long- and short-sleep mice
      following intraperitoneal or intragastric ethanol administration.
AB  - Blood ethanol concentrations (BEC) were determined in Long-Sleep (LS) and Short
      Sleep (SS) mice during a 30 min period following ethanol (ETOH) administration.
      Absorption of ETOH was rapid and followed a similar time course in the two lines
      after intraperitoneal (IP) administration of 3.8 or 4.5 g/kg. Following
      intragastric (IG) administration, slower absorption and lower peak BECs were
      noted in both lines, but in LS mice this effect was more pronounced. The two
      routes of administration were not effective in altering duration of loss of the
      righting reflex (LRR), or waking BECs following 4.5 g/kg ETOH. LS mice had the
      expected longer LRR durations and lower BECs at waking than did SS mice.
      Differences in absorption rate and peak BEC are concluded to be unrelated to ETOH
      neurosensitivity in these mice.

PMID- 4063061
TI  - An experimental model of self-intoxication in C57 mice.
AB  - Male C57BL/6J mice offered unrestricted access to food, water and 10% ethanol,
      exhibited obvious intoxication when treated with the alcohol dehydrogenase
      inhibitor, 4-methylpyrazole (4MP) by chronic infusion. Plasma concentrations of
      ethanol ranged from 156 +/- 43 mg/dl at midday to 254 +/- 31 mg/dl at midnight
      producing a twenty-fold increase in the total exposure to blood alcohol. Illness
      sufficiently severe to require intervention occurred in five of the ten mice in
      the experimental group, while controls treated with 4MP and offered only water to
      drink displayed no adverse effects. The continuation of drinking despite life
      threatening toxicity suggests these mice failed to make an association between
      the consumption of ethanol and its consequences.

PMID- 4063060
TI  - Effect of ethanol on urine output in rats.
AB  - Experiments were carried out to delineate the effect of ethanol on urine output
      in rats. Ethanol (0.75-6.0 g/kg IG) had a dose dependent effect on urine output
      in hydrated animals. Compared to control animals, moderate (1.50, 2.50 g/kg)
      doses of ethanol administered intragastrically, increased urine volume during the
      first hour after treatment and decreased urine osmolality. Large doses of ethanol
      (4-6 g/kg) decreased urine output and increased urine osmolality (at 1 hr post
      treatment) compared to a control group. Treatment of rats with 2.5-5.0 g/kg/day
      ethanol for 15 days produced tolerance to ethanol diuresis. The degree of
      tolerance was dose related. Significant tolerance developed with 4 days of 5.0
      g/kg ethanol treatment. Loss of tolerance was also rapid. Tolerance to ethanol
      induced diuresis was no longer evident 3 days after in rats treated with 5.0 g/kg
      of ethanol daily for 2 weeks.

PMID- 4063062
TI  - Steroid profiles in urine and plasma of alcoholics during withdrawal.
AB  - Metabolic profiles of steroids in urine and plasma were analyzed in 14 male and
      four female alcoholics during withdrawal. The daily excretion of 30 conjugated
      steroids in urine and the concentration of 13 steroid sulfates in plasma were
      measured on days 1, 7 and 29 of the period of observation, which started on day 5
      7 of abstinence. While the total excretion of cortisol metabolites was normal in
      most cases, the profiles of metabolites were changed in the alcoholics during the
      period of observation. The ratio between tetrahydrocortisol and
      tetrahydrocortisone exceeded the mean normal value by more than one standard
      deviation in 97% of the samples analyzed. The same was true of the ratio between
      20-hydroxy and 20-oxosteroids in 90% of the samples. The differences between
      alcoholic and healthy subjects were statistically significant (p less than
      0.001). The major change in plasma was a significantly increased concentration of
      5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol disulfate on the first day of the study. The
      concentration decreased to normal values during the first month of withdrawal.
      The rate of excretion of this steroid in urine was increased in half of the
      patients and also decreased with time. The rate of excretion and the degree of
      fatty infiltration in liver biopsies were positively correlated. It is suggested
      that the ratios between cortisol metabolites in urine might be of value as
      biochemical markers in alcoholism, and that the absolute or relative
      concentrations of steroid disulfates in plasma might serve as an indicator of
      recent alcohol intake.

PMID- 4063063
TI  - Release of norepinephrine from the rat's hypothalamus perfused with alcohol:
      relation to body temperature.
AB  - The activity of norepinephrine (NE) within the thermosensitive region of the
      anterior hypothalamic, pre-optic area (AH/POA) of the rat was examined in
      relation to changes in core temperature produced by ethyl alcohol. Following
      stereotaxic implantation of push-pull guide tubes, a specific site in the AH/POA,
      reactive or non-reactive to NE, was labeled with 1.0 microliter of [3H]-NE.
      Alcohol in a concentration of 2.75% or 5.5% was then perfused locally at the same
      site by push-pull cannulae or administered peripherally in a dose of 2.0 g/kg. In
      control experiments, artificial CSF was perfused alone. The perfusion of alcohol
      enhanced or delayed the release of [3H]-NE in AH/POA or failed to alter the
      efflux of the catecholamine, with the specific response dependent principally on
      the: (1) anatomical site of hypothalamic perfusion, (2) concentration of alcohol,
      and (3) interval of perfusion itself. During the perfusion of alcohol within a
      very circumscribed region in the AH/POA, vasodilatation, as reflected by an
      increase in skin temperature, and a hypothermia of short latency, occurred. The
      change in core temperature was usually accompanied by a delay in the efflux of
      [3H]-NE. After the peripheral administration of 2.0 g/kg alcohol, an alteration
      in NE efflux from the AH/POA was also induced during the course of a hypothermic
      response accompanied by vasodilatation. These results suggest that alcohol exerts
      a direct central effect on nerve cells comprising the thermoregulatory mechanism
      located within the hypothalamus. Further, the well-known thermolytic effect of
      alcohol could be mediated in part by noradrenergic synapses within AH/POA, by
      means of their phasic release of NE.

PMID- 4063064
TI  - Oral ethanol reinforcement in the rat: effects of acute amphetamine.
AB  - Six male Long Evans rats, reduced to 80% body weight by food restriction, were
      trained to lever press using 5% ethanol and water reinforcement on a concurrent
      FR8 FR8 schedule. After responding had stabilized, d-amphetamine (0.25 mg/kg,
      0.50 mg/kg, and 1.00 mg/kg) or drug vehicle was injected 15 minutes before the 30
      minute sessions. In comparison with the vehicle injections, the 0.25 mg/kg
      amphetamine dose was followed by a nonsignificant trend towards increased ethanol
      responding, the 0.50 mg/kg dose produced no trend, and the 1.00 mg/kg dose
      significantly decreased ethanol responding. These effects resemble those of
      amphetamine on food responding by food-deprived rats. Since both ethanol and
      amphetamine act upon brain catecholamine systems, possible involvement of
      catecholamines in reinforcement and arousal was discussed in relation to these
      results.

PMID- 4063065
TI  - Degradation of lawsone by Pseudomonas putida L2.
AB  - From humus obtained from Stuttgart, a bacterium was isolated with lawsone (2
      hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) as selective source of carbon. This bacterium is
      capable of utilizing lawsone as sole source of carbon and energy. Morphological
      and physiological characteristics of the bacterium were examined and it was
      identified as a strain of Pseudomonas putida. The organism is referred to as
      Pseudomonas putida L2. The degradation of lawsone by Pseudomonas putida L2 was
      investigated. Salicylic acid and catechol were isolated and identified as
      metabolites. In lawsone-induced cells of Pseudomonas putida L2, salicylic acid is
      converted to catechol by salicylate 1-monooxygenase. Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase
      catalyses ortho-fission of catechol which is then metabolized via the beta
      ketoadipate pathway. Formation of cis,cis-muconate and beta-ketoadipate was
      demonstrated by enzyme assays. Salicylate 1-monooxygenase and catechol 1,2
      dioxygenase are induced sequentially. The enzymes of the beta-ketoadipate pathway
      are also inducible. Naphthoquinone hydroxylase, however, was demonstrated in
      induced and non-induced cells. This constitutive enzyme enables Pseudomonas
      putida L2 to degrade various 1,4-naphthoquinones in experiments with resting
      cells.

PMID- 4063066
TI  - Purification and some properties of an acryloyl-CoA reductase of Clostridium
      kluyveri.
AB  - Acryloyl-CoA reductase, a presumably previously unknown soluble enzyme, is
      present in Clostridium kluyveri. It catalyses the reduction of the carbon-carbon
      double bond of acryloyl-CoA or ethyl vinyl ketone and other alpha, beta
      unsaturated carbonyl compounds at the expense of reduced methylviologen. On the
      basis of a Vmax/Km ratio, which is at least 18 times higher than that for the
      next best substrate (E)-2-butenoyl-CoA, the enzyme is called acryloyl-CoA
      reductase. A purity of over 90% was achieved. The apparent molecular mass, as
      determined by gel chromatography, is 28.4 kDa. Dodecyl sulfate gel
      electrophoresis shows subunits with a molecular mass of 14.2 kDa. Based on a
      molecular mass of 28.4 kDa about 1.5 mol FMN have been observed. Less than 0.2 g
      atom iron per mol protein were determined. Ferredoxin or flavodoxin seem to be
      able to carry electrons from hydrogenase to the acryloyl-CoA reductase. The
      addition of hydrogen to the alpha-carbon of ethyl vinyl ketone occurs from the re
      side.

PMID- 4063067
TI  - Purification and properties of an FAD-containing NADH oxidase from Mycoplasma
      capricolum.
AB  - From the prokaryotic microorganism Mycoplasma capricolum an FAD-containing NADH
      oxidase has been purified by preparative FPLC to homogeneity, as judged by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The apparent molecular mass of the enzyme was
      found to be 72.5 kDa, with an isoelectric point of 5.2, and no detectable
      subunits. No iron, copper, manganese or molybdenium could be detected. On the
      basis of a minimum molecular mass of 72.5 kDa a ratio of FAD/protein of 1:1 could
      be derived. Its amino-acid composition, the light absorption and the fluorescence
      spectra are presented.

PMID- 4063068
TI  - The primary structure and functional properties of the hemoglobins of a ground
      squirrel (Spermophilus townsendii, Rodentia).
AB  - The hemoglobin of the ground squirrel Spermophilus townsendii consists of two
      components which are present in a ratio of ca. 2:1. The two hemoglobins have
      identical alpha-chains, but differ in their beta-chains. We present the primary
      structures of the alpha- and the two beta-globin chains. Following chain
      separation by chromatography on carboxymethyl-cellulose CM-52, the amino-acid
      sequences were established by automatic Edman degradation of the globin chains
      and the tryptic peptides, as well as of a peptide obtained by acid hydrolysis of
      the Asp-Pro bond of the beta-chains. The two beta-chains differ by only one amino
      acid residue, Ala being present in the main and Asp in the minor component in
      position 58 (E2). The comparison with human hemoglobin showed only 14 exchanges
      in the alpha-chains but 33 in the beta-chains. Whereas no contact positions are
      affected in the alpha-chains, we found four such substitutions in the beta
      chains, including one heme contact, two alpha 1/beta 1-contacts, and one alpha
      1/beta 2-contact. It seems however, that the substitution found in the beta
      chains has no effect on the oxygen affinity.

PMID- 4063069
TI  - Comparison of classical Lowry, modified Lowry and a dye-binding assay for the
      estimation of protein in allergen extracts and influence of different parameters
      on the modified Lowry assay.
AB  - Protein values of dialysed allergen extracts determined by Lowry, modified Lowry
      (trichloroacetic acid precipitation of the proteins) and dye-binding assay were
      compared. The influence of different parameters on the modified Lowry was
      examined. The reproducibility of the modified Lowry was checked with three
      independent measurements. For the examination of recovery a constant amount of 6
      grass pollen allergen proteins was added to the samples of the standardized human
      serum albumin prepared for the calibration curve. The samples were measured by
      modified Lowry. The mean of the ratio between the protein values of the dialysed
      allergen extracts obtained by modified Lowry and those obtained by classical
      Lowry was 3.59 (coefficient of variation Cv = 45%). The mean of the ratio between
      the protein values of the allergen extracts obtained by modified Lowry and dye
      binding assay was 1:0.71 (Cv = 31%). Phenol interfered with the modified Lowry.
      Phenolic allergen extracts showed higher "protein values" than non-phenolic
      allergen extracts. This influence could be reduced by a second precipitation of
      the dissolved precipitate. The precipitation of non-phenolic dialysed aqueous
      allergen extracts was complete after the first trichloroacetic acid
      precipitation. By incubating samples with the Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent at 55
      degrees C in a waterbath, the time necessary for developing the colour could be
      reduced from 45 min to 5 min. Protein measurements by modified Lowry of a 6-grass
      pollen allergen extract in three different laboratories showed good
      reproducibility. For these extract 785 micrograms protein/ml (Cv = 4%) could be
      measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4063070
TI  - Different susceptibility of inter- and intra-chain disulfide bonds to reductive
      cleavage in native fibronectin and effect of their cleavage on conformation.
AB  - The two thread-like subunits (Mr approximately equal to 250 000) of the
      multidomain protein fibronectin are connected by a pair of inter-chain disulfide
      bridges in their C-terminal regions. In addition each chain contains 29 intra
      chain disulfide bonds which are located in 12 type I and 2 type II structural
      domains in the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of the strands. The 15 to 17
      type III domains in the central portion of the strands do not contain disulfide
      bonds. The susceptibility of inter-chain disulfide bonds to 10mM 1,4
      dithiothreitol at pH 7.8 as quantitated by the rate of reductive cleavage of
      fibronectin into its subunits was found to be only 8-fold larger than that of the
      intra-chain bonds. Consequently at 90% completion of chain separation 30% of the
      intra-chain disulfides are also cleaved. The rate of inter-chain disulfide
      cleavage was found to be identical for fibronectin and a 140-kDa fragment
      comprising the C-terminal portions of the two subunits. This shows that the
      relatively high protection of the inter-chain disulfide bonds must originate from
      interactions between C-terminal domains which are probably also responsible for
      the V shaped arrangement of the two subunit strands. Changes of circular
      dichroism and thermal transition profiles for fibronectin and its C-terminal 140
      kDa fragment indicated that already partial reduction of the intra-chain
      disulfide bonds alters the conformations of type I and II domains without
      affecting the type III domains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4063071
TI  - The primary structure of hemoglobins from the domestic cat (Felis catus,
      Felidae).
AB  - The complete primary structure of the two hemoglobin components of the domestic
      cat (Felis catus) is presented. The major component (A) accounts for 60-70%
      whereas the minor component (B) constitutes 30-40% of the total hemoglobin.
      Separation of the polypeptides was carried out in buffers containing 8M urea on
      CM-Cellulose. The sequence was studied by Edman degradation of tryptic and
      cyanogen bromide cleavage products in a liquid phase sequencer. The sequence is
      compared for homology with human hemoglobin. The beta-chain of the minor
      components (beta B) has a blocked N-terminal residue identified as acetylserine
      whereas that of the major component (beta A) is free glycine. The two hemoglobins
      have identical alpha-chains and differ with respect to their beta-chains at the
      following positions (beta B/beta A): beta NA1 Ac-Ser/Gly, beta A1 Ser/Thr, beta
      H17 Ser/Asn and beta HC1 Arg/Lys. The structural and functional aspects of these
      exchanges are discussed.

PMID- 4063072
TI  - Primary structures of locust adipokinetic hormones II.
AB  - Adipokinetic hormones II from corpora cardiaca of the locusts Schistocerca
      gregaria and Locusta migratoria, respectively, have been isolated and their
      primary structures elucidated. Both octapeptides are N-terminally blocked by a 5
      oxoproline (pyroglutamate) residue and had to be cleaved by 5-oxoprolyl-peptidase
      to make them available for the Edman degradation method carried out with a gas
      phase sequencer. The C-termini are blocked as both peptides are not cleaved by
      carboxypeptidase A; the presence of C-terminal amide groups is very likely. AKHII
      (S. gregaria) Glu-Leu-Asn-Phe-Ser-Thr-Gly-Trp-NH2 AKHII (L. migratoria) Glu-Leu
      Asn-Phe-Ser-Ala-Gly-Trp-NH2.

PMID- 4063074
TI  - Metabolism of two hydroxy-7-oxocholanic acids in isolated perfused rat liver.
AB  - The metabolism of 7-oxolithocholic acid and 7-oxodeoxycholic acid in isolated
      perfused rat livers was compared. The metabolites extracted from the bile of
      perfused livers were analysed by gas chromatography. The amount of bile acids
      excreted in bile was greater after infusion with 7-oxolithocholic acid than with
      7-oxodeoxycholic acid. When 7-oxolithocholic acid was infused almost all of the
      bile acids excreted in bile were taurine conjugates; with 7-oxodeoxycholic acid
      about 10 percent remained unconjugated. 7-Oxolithocholic acid was more
      susceptible to reduction than 7-oxodeoxycholic acid. 7-Oxolithocholic acid was
      preferably reduced to 7 beta-hydroxy rather than to 7 alpha-hydroxy metabolites.
      In contrast, 7-oxodeoxycholic acid was reduced predominantly to the 7 alpha
      hydroxy rather than to the 7 beta-hydroxy metabolite.

PMID- 4063073
TI  - An embryonic inducing factor: isolation by high performance liquid chromatography
      and chemical properties.
AB  - A protein (vegetalizing factor) which induces amphibian gastrula ectoderm to
      tissues which in normal development are derived from endoderm and mesoderm has
      been isolated from chicken embryo trunks by a combination of size exclusion and
      reversed phase HPLC. An amount of 0.5 ng factor per gastrula evokes inductions in
      80-100% of the cases. The protein (apparent Mr approximately 13 000) is split by
      NaBH4 to polypeptide chains of about half the size under conditions in which
      disulfide bridges are reduced. The biological activity is lost.

PMID- 4063075
TI  - Acetate formation after short-term ethanol administration in man.
AB  - The effect of an acute oral load of 0.5 g ethanol/kg body weight was studied in a
      group of 10 healthy male and one of 10 healthy female individuals. The following
      parameters were measured in the blood between 0 and 7 h after the start of the
      experiment: ethanol, acetate, glucose, free fatty acids, free glycerol, lactate,
      pyruvate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate. While the elimination of ethanol
      followed zero-order kinetics between 2 and 5 h, a steady-state concentration of
      0.4 to 0.6 mM acetate in the serum was observed during the same time interval.
      Concomitantly, a significant decrease of free fatty acid and free glycerol
      concentrations was observed.

PMID- 4063076
TI  - On the mechanism of reactions of nitrosoarenes with thiols. Formation of a common
      intermediate "semimercaptal".
AB  - To get more insight into the reactions of nitrosoarenes with thiols which may be
      responsible for cytotoxic effects, the reaction mechanism was studied with
      nitrosobenzene and 1-thioglycerol as model compounds. A transient intermediate
      was isolated by high performance liquid chromatography and identified as 2,3
      dihydroxypropanesulfenic N-hydroxyphenylamide ("semimercaptal") by UV, 13C-NMR,
      and FAB mass spectroscopy. In aqueous solution this labile compound reassembles
      into 2,3-dihydroxypropanesulfinic phenylamide in a first order reaction. In the
      presence of excess thiol or ascorbic acid the "semimercaptal" is reduced to 2,3
      dihydroxypropanesulfenic phenylamide without transient formation of a complete
      "mercaptal". Hydrolysis rather than thiolysis liberates aniline from the sulfenic
      phenylamide. Both the sulfinic and sulfenic phenylamides were obtained in
      crystalline form and identified by NMR and FAB mass spectroscopy. A scheme is
      presented of the known reactions of nitrosoarenes with thiols.

PMID- 4063077
TI  - [Sensitivity and specificity of transesophageal electrical stimulation of the
      left atrium in diagnosing ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 4063078
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of NMR tomography in studying the central nervous system of
      arterial hypertension patients].

PMID- 4063079
TI  - [Nutrition and dyslipoproteinemias based on data from 3 years' prospective
      observation].

PMID- 4063080
TI  - [Status and outlook for the development of Soviet cardiology].

PMID- 4063081
TI  - [Myocardial metabolism: the results of 10 years' research at the All-Union
      Cardiology Research Center of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR].

PMID- 4063082
TI  - [Research results in the field of clinical cardiology].

PMID- 4063083
TI  - [Development of research into the prevention of cardiovascular diseases].

PMID- 4063084
TI  - [Cellular composition and biochemical characteristics of the human aorta].
AB  - Development of atherosclerotic lesions in the human aortic intima has been
      studied using morphological and biochemical methods. It is shown that the
      sublayers of the human aortic intima are involved in the atherosclerotic
      processes in different degree. Such manifestation of atherosclerosis as lipid and
      collagen take up and intimal thickness are especially connected with juxtluminal
      layer of the intima. Stellate cells (one of the 4 morphological types in the
      intima) are most closely correlated with these processes. The problems of the
      origin and possible role of the intima cells in the atherosclerosis are
      discussed.

PMID- 4063085
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of various physical training methods
      with patients who have had a myocardial infarct].
AB  - A total of 180 men were examined 4 months after myocardial infarction. The
      patients of the main group were randomised into subgroups according to the nature
      of physical training (PT). B2 subgroup did in-door therapy exercises with
      elements of games; B3 subgroup was assigned the same exercises, but received 5,2
      mg of nitrong 1 hour prior to PT; B4 subgroup practiced bicycle ergometry with
      stable load comprising 50% of individual exercise tolerance. In B5 subgroup the
      stable load was 75% and in B6 subgroup the load was gradually increased (50-75
      90% of individual exercise tolerance). All the patients participating in PT
      showed a considerable increase of the main indices of physical capacity
      (threshold power, maximal oxygen consumption, double product), which was
      accompanied by an improvement of their state and functional class. PT with pre
      exercise nitrong, and bicycle ergometry with the load constituting 50% of the
      individual threshold power yielded the best results.

PMID- 4063086
TI  - [Diagnostic potentials of NMR tomography of the kidneys of patients with
      symptomatic renal hypertension].
AB  - Thirty seven patients with arterial hypertension of renal genesis (chronic
      diffuse glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, renal cystic disease and
      congenital abnormalities) were subjected to NMR-tomography. The comparison group
      comprised 12 patients with essential hypertension and 18 normal individuals
      constituted the control group. The examination was effected in the axial, frontal
      and sagittal planes using the BMT-1100 NMR-tomograph (Brucker, FRG) with the
      magnetic intensity of 0.235 T, the coil diameter of 60 cm, and the working
      frequency of 9.95 MHz. The technique made it possible to draw conclusions as to
      the presence or absence of the kidneys, their form, size, location and the
      structure of their cortex and medulla. The anatomo-tomographic picture of the
      kidneys in patients with chronic diffuse glomerulonephritis without renal
      insufficiency resembled that in cases of essential hypertension. In patients with
      chronic pyelonephritis the kidney contour was uneven and when renal insufficiency
      was present the kidneys were small and the borderline the cortex and the medulla
      was poorly differentiated. The technique proved especially informative in renal
      cystic disease and congenital abnormalities (renal aplasia and hypoplasia). The
      results obtained were compared with the data provided by other examination
      techniques.

PMID- 4063087
TI  - [Possibilities, difficulties and prospects for mass prevention of arterial
      hypertension].
AB  - The article reflects the results of five-year secondary and primary prevention of
      arterial hypertension among the workers of a large automobile plant. Secondary
      prevention of arterial hypertension is an important means of reducing arterial
      hypertension complications and mortality (the overall mortality went down by 20%,
      and brain stroke morbidity was 70% lower in the intervention population than in
      the comparison one). Besides, the search and implementation of the methods of
      primary prevention of arterial hypertension constitutes the main perspective of
      the scientific and practical solution of the problem on the population level, as
      non-drug intervention normalized arterial blood pressure in 70% of subjects with
      mild hypertension. Thus, arterial hypertension is a complex medico-social
      problem, the solution of which depends on the fulfillment of equally important
      medical and socio-cultural tasks.

PMID- 4063088
TI  - [Effect of measures for the detection and long-term drug therapy of arterial
      hypertension on the morbidity and work capacity of industrial workers].
AB  - The article contains data on preliminary evaluation of the efficacy of secondary
      prevention of arterial hypertension among industrial workers of "Avto ZIL"
      amalgamation. Population studies to reveal major cardiovascular diseases show a
      certain increase of arterial hypertension and other disease morbidity accompanied
      by temporary disability. A considerable positive effect is observed in groups of
      hypertensives undergoing regular and effective anti-hypertension preventive
      treatment. Long-term regular hypotensive treatment of hypertensive subjects and
      the lowering of blood pressure to less than 160/90 mm Hg contributes to the
      decrease in labour and economic losses and to increased labour productivity of
      industrial workers.

PMID- 4063089
TI  - [Cardiovascular function of the cosmonauts on a long-term orbital flight].

PMID- 4063090
TI  - [Microbiological requirements for non-compulsory sterile drugs].

PMID- 4063091
TI  - [General considerations on the mutagenesis and toxicity of preservatives].

PMID- 4063092
TI  - [Pharmacopeia statistics and limits of microbiological and particulate
      contamination].

PMID- 4063093
TI  - [Validation of demineralized water plants through total microbial count and
      definition of a microbiological standard].

PMID- 4063094
TI  - [Gastroresistant varnishing with aqueous solutions of cellulose acetate
      phthalate].

PMID- 4063095
TI  - Free amino acids contents in two pollens of Coniferales.

PMID- 4063096
TI  - [Metabolites of Eupatorium cannabinum].

PMID- 4063097
TI  - [Electronystagmographic aspects of vertebro-basilar insufficiency].

PMID- 4063098
TI  - [Dehalogenation and N-dealkylation of chlorpromazine in patients undergoing
      chronic treatment].

PMID- 4063099
TI  - Inhibition of anion permeabilities by anaesthetic in ghosts erythrocytes.

PMID- 4063100
TI  - [Effect of coffee, with or without sugar, on the emptying of the gallbladder].

PMID- 4063101
TI  - [Histological aspects of the rabbit oviduct following induction of hydrosalpinx].

PMID- 4063102
TI  - [Assay and survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in environmental samples].

PMID- 4063103
TI  - [Induction of a mobile phase in laboratory cultures of Gonyaulax tamarensis].

PMID- 4063104
TI  - [Determination of LDL cholesterol by a new precipitation method: correlation with
      the Friedewald equation].

PMID- 4063105
TI  - [Experimental myopathy induced by epsilon-aminocaproic acid].

PMID- 4063106
TI  - [Histological evaluation in an experimental model (swine retina) of drugs
      solubilizing the vitreous body].

PMID- 4063107
TI  - [Influence of some sexual hormones on the binding of uric acid- plasma proteins:
      ex vivo and in vitro experience].

PMID- 4063108
TI  - [Serum levels of zinc and copper in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 4063109
TI  - [In vitro effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on production of
      oxygen radicals evaluated by the chemiluminescent response of polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes].

PMID- 4063110
TI  - [Validity of the granulocyte aggregation test for the evaluation of complement
      activation in the adult respiratory distress syndrome].

PMID- 4063111
TI  - [The use of photographic emulsions in electron microscopy].

PMID- 4063112
TI  - [The response to electrons of two 35mm photographic emulsions].

PMID- 4063114
TI  - Anatomical basis of the posterior brachial skin flap.
AB  - The posterior brachial flap is a vascularized skin flap originally developed by
      AC Masquelet in 1982. Anatomical study in 37 non embalmed cadavers demonstrated
      the value of this flap which is taken from the posterior surface of the arm. The
      artery of the flap originates from the brachial or deep brachial artery and was
      present in all 37 subjects studied. This artery traverses the aponeurosis of the
      triceps brachii near the termination of the tendon of the teres major. The
      pedicle showed a mean length of 4.4 cm and mean diameter of 1.5 mm thus allowing
      satisfactory microsurgical anastomosis to be done. The mean length of the artery
      in the subcutaneous tissue was 11 cm. Venous return is via satellite veins.
      Sensory innervation of the flap is supplied by the nervus cutaneous brachii
      posterior, the first branch of the radial nerve. The posterior brachial flap can
      be used as a free flap. Owing to its innervation, this flap is appropriate for
      repair of defects in zones requiring sensory innervation. This flap can also be
      used as a pedicle flap for cutaneous repair of the axilla.

PMID- 4063113
TI  - Lateral epicondylitis. A review of structures associated with tennis elbow.
AB  - 139 limbs from embalmed specimens were dissected to reveal the attachments of
      extensor muscles in the vicinity of the lateral epicondyle. M. extensor carpi
      radialis brevis was found to consist of a keel-shaped tendon with attachments to
      m. extensor carpi radialis longus, m. extensor digitorum communis, m. supinator;
      and to the radial collateral ligament, the orbicular ligament, the capsule of the
      elbow joint and the deep fascia. On 29 limbs, a prolongation of the muscle was
      identified attaching proximal to the lateral epicondyle. On nine specimens a
      bursa was evident between the capsule over the head of the radius and the
      overlying soft tissues. There was no evidence of variation in vascular or nerve
      supply to the region. Examination of m. extensor carpi radialis brevis while
      under tension across the elbow, forearm and wrist revealed the greatest muscle
      lengthening in pronation of the forearm with palmar flexion and ulnar deviation.
      The results of this study support the hypothesis that tennis elbow is primarily a
      mechanically-induced condition. When performing movements at the wrist, with the
      forearm in pronation, the muscle is at its maximum length. As its origin lies
      proximal to the axis of rotation for flexion and extension at the elbow, it is
      subject to shearing stress in all movements of the forearm, especially those
      involving power at the wrist. This is further compounded by the head of the
      radius rotating anteriorly against m. extensor carpi radialis brevis during
      pronation of the forearm. Additionally, a number of individuals may experience
      pain at the head of the radius during pronation, due to irritation of an
      underlying bursa.

PMID- 4063115
TI  - Anatomical and roentgenological basis for the study of the lumbar spine with the
      body in the suspended position.
AB  - Roentgenological investigation of the lumbar spine was done in the standing and
      suspended position in 100 healthy adult male volunteers. Spinal and external
      morphology were studied. The aim of this work was to identify eventual
      correlations between the modifications of shape and size of the suspended lumbar
      spine and external morphology. Such correlations were sought to establish a
      functional approach to anthropometry. The results of this study demonstrated that
      the suspended position led to lengthening of the spine in 70% of the subjects
      examined, shortening of the spine in 22% and mainly straightening of the spine in
      8%. Extension of the lumbar spine resulting from the suspended position is
      dependent upon tonic muscle activity and the relations between the observed
      spinal modifications and external morphology are difficult to establish.
      Nevertheless, anthropometric profiles and spinal features allow identification of
      certain influential external morphological parameters. Furthermore, the results
      of this study confirm those of others devoted to elongation of the lumbar spine
      under horizontal traction or suspension and lead to practical conclusions.

PMID- 4063116
TI  - Anatomical basis for study of acetabular migration of the prosthetic cup used in
      arthroplasty of the hip: a new technique for measurement of migration.
AB  - A retrospective study was carried out on 96 partial hip prostheses. Results of
      this study led us to define new radiological criteria for evaluation of the
      anatomical position of the prosthetic cup in the acetabulum. A method of
      measurement of the migration of the prosthetic cup in the acetabulum is proposed
      based on the results of roentgenological and anatomical study. The anatomical
      landmarks, geometric constructions and methods of computation of such measurement
      are described. The application of this technique to radiological/anatomical study
      was found to be reliable and allowed the determination of prognostic factors
      indicative of poor acetabular tolerance of the prosthetic cup.

PMID- 4063117
TI  - Study of the deformations of the isolated mandible under static constraints by
      simulation on a physicomathematical model.
AB  - The authors have studied the deformations of a mandible isolated from its
      muscular environment and submitted to statical constraints, with the help of a
      "modified model" and the finite elements method: the general deformation of the
      mandible and its modifications according to the direction of the application of
      the pressure, the rotation phenomenon or "torsion" in cross sections (identified
      by computer) of the mandible, the respective deformations of the internal and
      external corticals have successively been calculated. Particular mechanical
      phenomenons corresponding to the areas where the anatomo-clinical forms of the
      mandibular fractures take place have clearly been shown. The authors draw the
      conclusion that the mandible behaves mechanically in a similar way to a
      tridimensional composite.

PMID- 4063118
TI  - Study of the mandible under static constraints by holographic interferometry. New
      biomechanical deductions.
AB  - In order to try to determine the nature of the mechanical structure of the
      mandible, the authors have compared, with the help of holographic interferometry,
      the behavior of the fresh mandible of a corpse, of a representative iron angle,
      and of a block of carbon-carbon under static constraint. There are no
      similarities between the behavior of the human mandible and that of a
      polycrystalline steel. On the contrary, the behavior of the mandible and of the
      carbon-carbon block are very similar. It would be hasty to state that bones are a
      heterogeneous composite. We can only prove, in a first approach, that they behave
      similarly under identical experimental conditions. The authors also demonstrated
      that the mandible presents a "mechanical hysteresis" phenomenon. This means that,
      when subjected to a small strain, its shape changes, but this change tends to
      neutralize itself in part in the course of time.

PMID- 4063119
TI  - Automatic quantification of vertebral cancellous bone remodeling during aging.
AB  - Anatomical transformation changes in vertebral spongy bone were quantified by
      automatic image analysis of microradiographs of 1 mm-thick sagittal slices from
      autopsied normal lumbar vertebrae (24 men and 28 women, age 35 to 96). Over a
      period of four decades, aging bone loss is 60% in women and 45% in men in the
      center of the vertebral body. With age, there is a new distribution of
      trabeculae: weight-bearing ones are twice (in young people) to six times (in old
      people) more numerous than transverse ones (measured on a sagittal slice). In the
      elderly, intertrabecular spaces enlarge while the proportion of the thinnest
      trabeculae increases.

PMID- 4063120
TI  - [Clinical course of the Shy-Drager syndrome].

PMID- 4063121
TI  - [Therapy of vesical dysfunction in the Shy-Drager syndrome].

PMID- 4063122
TI  - [Neuropathological background of spinocerebellar degeneration--with special
      reference to autonomic nervous system lesions in olivopontocerebellar atrophy,
      Shy-Drager syndrome and multiple system atrophy].
AB  - For elucidation of actual status of olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) in
      nosological relation to Shy-Drager syndrome (SDS) and multiple system atrophy
      (MSA), neuropathological examination with morphometric survey on the
      intermediolateral column of the spinal cord was performed. The materials were 13
      cases registered in our laboratory. Clinically, they consisted of 9 sporadic OPCA
      including 2 cases with prominent autonomic failure, and 4 hereditary
      spinocerebellar degeneration. In the autonomic nervous system of CNS,
      degeneration of the intermediolateral column was found in the sporadic cases
      without exception, irrespective of presence or absence of orthostatic
      hypotension, while the hereditary cases showed neither orthostatic hypotension
      nor neuronal loss in the nucleus. The autonomic centers in the brain-stem and
      cerebellum were systematically affected in both the sporadic and the hereditary
      cases. It was particularly remarked that the fastigial nucleus, tractus and
      nucleus solitarius, which have been suggested to be related to cardiovascular
      control, was severely affected. The locus coeruleus, on the other hand, was less
      severely affected in the hereditary cases. The most remarkable finding was that
      there was no case with neuropathological change restricted only to the olivo
      ponto-cerebellar (OPC) and/or autonomic nervous systems. The sporadic cases had
      OPC system degeneration with striato-nigral degeneration (SND) and autonomic
      nervous system degenerations, irrespective of differences in clinical features
      from case to case. It should be emphasized that the actual neuropathological
      status of our sporadic cases could be regarded as a multisystemic degeneration
      inevitably combined with OPC system degeneration, apart from whether such cases
      are designated as MSA or not. Finally it was remarked that the hereditary cases
      were different from the sporadic cases in that there occurred far less severe
      involvement of the locus coeruleus and intermediolateral column, and primary
      degeneration of the substantia nigra different obviously from SND.

PMID- 4063123
TI  - [Pathology of internal viscera and cerebral arterial system in the Shy-Drager
      syndrome].

PMID- 4063124
TI  - [Clonogenicity and BCNU response of subpopulations of human glioma cells sorted
      according to DNA content].
AB  - Malignant gliomas, especially glioblastoma multiforme, are composed of cells that
      contain various amounts of DNA. We characterized cells dissociated from biopsy
      specimen of human gliomas by sorting vital cell populations on the basis of DNA
      content, determined the sensitivity of sorted cells to BCNU, and did the follow
      up study using subpopulations cultivated for a long time after sorting on both
      the DNA histogram and the BCNU response. Seven malignant human gliomas carried in
      monolayer culture which had three peaks on the DNA histogram were used for this
      study. To obtain each DNA distribution histogram, cells were stained with
      chromomycin A 3 and were analyzed with a modified FACS III flow cytometer. Vital
      DNA was stained with Hoechst 33342 by means of a modification of the procedure of
      Jovin et al, which involved negligible toxicity to cells. Cells were sorted on
      FACS III at each peak on the DNA histogram. The colony forming efficiency (CFE)
      of each population was determined after sorting and surviving fraction was
      determined after exposure to graded doses (2.5-10 micrograms/ml X 2 hr) of BCNU.
      Six subpopulations derived from two human glioma cells were cultivated for a long
      time and reevaluated by both the DNA histogram and the sensitivity to BCNU. The
      CFEs for each cell population of three peaks on DNA histograms of human glioma
      cells were similar, except that the CFE for the far left peak (peak 1) in each
      histogram appeared to be slightly lower in four specimens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4063125
TI  - [Visual evoked potentials].

PMID- 4063126
TI  - [Mitochondria myopathy].

PMID- 4063127
TI  - Pregnancy in prison.

PMID- 4063128
TI  - Neurological complications of Paget's disease of bone.

PMID- 4063129
TI  - The use of methotrimeprazine in terminal care.

PMID- 4063130
TI  - Influenza vaccine--the effect of virus strain and dosage on antibody response.

PMID- 4063131
TI  - Sigmoid faecalomas.

PMID- 4063132
TI  - A simulation model of the natural history of human breast cancer.
AB  - In order to assess the time at which the distant metastases were initiated, a
      model has been developed to simulate the natural history of human breast cancer.
      The metastasis appearance curves were fitted to those observed for tumours of
      various sizes among the 2648 patients treated at the Institut Gustave Roussy from
      1954 to 1972. The model assumes that metastases are initiated when the tumour
      reaches a threshold volume (distribution of this volume was estimated in a
      previous article). Two patterns of growth were considered: exponential and
      Gompertzian. Distributions of tumour and metastases doubling times are fixed
      according to the literature. A relationship between tumour and metastasis
      doubling time is estimated. Simulations were used to optimize metastases growth
      duration as a function of the metastasis doubling time. The ages of the
      metastases at tumour diagnosis are calculated. With exponential growth, it was
      necessary to introduce correlations to obtain a satisfactory fit of the
      metastases appearance curves: between the tumour volume at diagnosis and the
      doubling time (R1 = -0.3), and between the tumour volume at metastasis initiation
      and the doubling time (R2 = 0.3). The growth duration of the metastases before
      their detection was found to equal about 18 metastases doubling times at
      detection and the mean ratio between the doubling time of a tumour and its
      metastases equal to 2.2. With Gompertzian growth, it was impossible to adjust
      satisfactorily the proportions of metastases at diagnosis as a function of the
      primary tumour volume. However, when we ignore this, the best fit was obtained
      when the duration of metastases growth before detection was about the same as for
      exponential growth. With either growth pattern, the model predicts that the
      proportion of patients with metastases would be reduced by approximately 30% if
      the primary tumours were treated 12 months earlier. This prediction is consistent
      with the results of the screening programs for breast cancer.

PMID- 4063133
TI  - The generation of monoclonal antibodies against human pancreatic exocrine cancer:
      a study of six different immunisation regimes.
AB  - Six different immunisation regimes have been used to generate spleen cells with
      reactivity against human pancreatic exocrine cancer. Immunised spleen cells were
      fused with an NSO/1 myeloma line and supernatants from these hybridomas
      selectively screened for monoclonal antibodies which bound predominantly to a
      pancreatic cancer cell line (GER). The spleen cells from hairy litter mates
      immunised with pancreatic cancer xenograft homogenates and viable GER cells
      generated 13% of hybridoma supernatants which showed some selectivity for GER
      pancreatic cancer cells in a fixed cell ELISA assay. The other methods produced
      only 4% of hybrids with selectivity for GER cells. The antigen distribution on
      gluteraldehyde fixed cells was similar to that found for viable cell monolayers
      but many antigens were unstable on formalin fixation. Immunohistochemical
      staining of GER cells grown on glass slides showed a heterogeneity of antigen
      distribution with up to 70% of the cells exhibiting a vesicular pattern of
      staining. Fifty percent of the antibodies which bound to GER cells were also
      reactive against antigens in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of
      the original GER tumour. Monoclonal antibody DD9E7 identified an antigen
      expressed on 12/14 pancreatic adenocarcinomas. The antibody showed strong
      staining of malignant luminal membranes and cytoplasm. The antigen was also
      present in normal salivary and sweat glands, and colon and breast carcinomas, but
      its tissue distribution was unlike that of CEA or EMA. The expression of this
      antigen in 12/14 of pancreatic carcinomas suggests that DD9E7 may be a useful
      reagent for pancreatic tumour detection.

PMID- 4063134
TI  - DNA index of ovarian carcinomas from 56 patients: in vivo in vitro studies.
AB  - Out of 130 ovarian cancer patients the DNA index of cells from ovarian carcinoma
      was studied in 56 cases in which cytospin preparations showed the presence of
      atypical cells. In 24 patients the population had a diploid DNA index (1.0) and
      in the others the DNA index ranged from 1.2 to 2.0 (tetraploid). No hypodiploid
      or hypertetraploid populations were detected. Repeated samples from the same
      patients did not show any significant differences and primary culture did not
      alter the DNA index. In contrast, cell cycle phase distribution differed greatly
      from sample to sample, as also the ratio between DNA diploid and DNA aneuploid
      populations. Primary culture was successful in 57% of the tumours, with a higher
      percentage of success in DNA aneuploid tumours. After primary culture the ratio
      between DNA aneuploid cells and DNA diploid cells increased. In relation to the
      histological gradings of malignancy, DNA aneuploid cells clustered in the highest
      grade of malignancy. The mean S-phase for tumours with a DNA index of 1.0 was 3.5
      and 14.1% for those with DNA index greater than 1. Ovarian carcinomas show a
      large difference in DNA index between patients even after primary culture.

PMID- 4063135
TI  - Demonstration of vincristine resistance in primary intestinal neoplasms in the
      rat by the 'post-metaphase index'.
AB  - A method is described enabling the direct measurement of vincristine resistance
      in intact tissues in vivo by morphological study. Using the metaphase arresting
      properties of the drug, counts were made of escaping anaphase and telophase
      mitotic figures at a range of doses. The proportion of post-metaphase mitotic
      figures is called the post-metaphase index (PMI). In 95 primary intestinal
      tumours induced by dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in rats, an increase in resistance to
      vincristine was shown over normal mucosa (P less than 0.001). The data were
      analysed by computer modelling and a linear relationship is demonstrated between
      the logit of the post-metaphase index, and log dose of vincristine. To achieve a
      PMI of 1% the fitted lines show an enhanced vincristine dose requirement over
      normal mucosa of 6 times in colonic tumours, and 8 times in small intestinal
      tumours. Non-neoplastic mucosa from the DMH-treated animals requires an enhanced
      dose of vincristine of 1.5 times, compared with normal mucosa, to achieve a PMI
      of 1%. Given current interest in the mechanism of vincristine resistance in cell
      lines this new approach provides a technique for assessing the resistance of
      solid tumours, both in vivo and in vitro, and for subsequent experimental
      manipulation.

PMID- 4063136
TI  - The effect of C3H mouse mammary tumour on the levels of serum and urine analytes
      in vivo.
AB  - A study of C3H mice implanted with mammary tumours has shown that the levels of
      serum total protein, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase are all lower
      than those found in normal mice, while aspartate transaminase is higher. Serum
      urea values were similar to normal levels, but creatinine was lower in males and
      higher in females. In the male mice, urine protein and urine N-acetyl-beta-D
      glucosaminidase (NAG) activity were lower than in normal mice. Comparisons were
      made with age and sex matched controls which was found to be important for
      alkaline phosphatase, as this was shown to decrease with increasing age of the
      mice over the period from 10-30 weeks of age. The analyte values found in this
      study provide useful base-line data for assessing biochemical toxicity of cancer
      chemotherapy agents. It has been shown that some of these values can vary with
      age, or can be different if tumour-bearing mice are used instead of normal mice.

PMID- 4063137
TI  - The effect of etoposide on human CFU-GM.
AB  - Etoposide is being used increasingly in the treatment of a variety of malignant
      conditions and in conjunction with autologous bone marrow transplantation. We
      have examined the effect of the drug on human CFU-GM as an indication of the
      response of these bone marrow progenitor cells to measured plasma concentrations.
      When etoposide is present in the routine assay for 7 days, 50% growth of colony
      forming CFU-GM occurs at a concentration of 0.0098 micrograms ml-1. When bovine
      serum albumin or human serum albumin is present this value is increased to 0.042
      and 0.375 micrograms ml-1. Protein binding therefore plays an important part in
      modifying in vitro response and possibly in vivo response of these progenitor
      cells to etoposide.

PMID- 4063139
TI  - Fertility in relation to the risk of breast cancer.

PMID- 4063138
TI  - The metabolic response of tumour-bearing mice to fasting.
AB  - The suggestion that the ketonaemic response to fasting may be altered in the
      tumour-bearing state was investigated by studying the metabolism of fasted
      C57/BL6j mice bearing transplanted B16 melanomas. Ketone body (D-3
      hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate) concentrations in the blood of the tumour
      bearing mice were significantly increased after a 24 h fast compared to control
      mice with identical dietary histories. Hepatic glycogen levels were lower at the
      start of the fasting period in the tumour-bearing mice as were the fat stores.
      The loss of adipose tissue during the fasting period was greater in the tumour
      bearing mice. After 48 h of fasting, the ketonaemia was significantly lower in
      the tumour-bearing mice compared to the appropriate controls. Two distinct
      metabolic states are indicated in these fasted tumour-bearing mice, one
      characterised by accelerated ketonaemia, and a later, near terminal stage, where
      fat deposits are markedly depleted and ketonaemia is decreased.

PMID- 4063140
TI  - Evidence that c-myc expression defines two genetically distinct forms of
      colorectal adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 4063141
TI  - A comparison of two in vitro assays of cell response following in vitro drug and
      radiation exposures of human tumour xenograft cells.

PMID- 4063142
TI  - Advances in the applications of monoclonal antibodies in clinical oncology.
      University of London Royal Postgraduate Medical School. 8th-10th May, 1985.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 4063143
TI  - Evaluation of screening programmes for gynaecological cancer.
AB  - A workshop of the Project on Evaluation of Screening Programmes of the
      International Union against Cancer (UICC) was held in Lyon, France. on November
      20-22, 1984. The focus of the workshop was on screening for gynaecological
      cancer, especially for cancer of the cervix uteri. This report summarizes the
      presentations, conclusions and recommendations from the workshop.

PMID- 4063144
TI  - Sequential determination of lineage potentials during haemopoiesis.

PMID- 4063145
TI  - Selection of tumour cell subpopulations occurs during cultivation of human
      tumours in soft agar. A DNA flow cytometric study.
AB  - To examine whether selection of tumour cell subpopulations occurs during
      cultivation in soft agar, we compared in 23 human tumours of different
      histological types the DNA content of cells from colonies formed in soft agar
      (method of Courtenay and Mills, 1978) with that of the original tumour cells. The
      ploidy as well as the fraction of cells in S phase were determined from DNA
      histograms after staining of the nuclei with a propidium-iodide procedure and
      flow cytometric recordings. In 8 of 17 aneuploid tumours analysed, specific
      aneuploid subpopulations disappeared during cultivation or new aneuploid
      populations, not demonstrable in the original cell suspensions, appeared in the
      colonies. In 9 cases identical aneuploid populations were found in the colonies
      and the tumours. In one of 6 diploid tumours examined, aneuploid cell populations
      not revealed in the original cell suspension, were found in addition to diploid
      cells, whereas 5 tumours gave rise to colonies containing a purely diploid
      population. The results show that in a variety of human malignant tumours
      cultivation in soft agar may select specific aneuploid tumour cell populations.

PMID- 4063146
TI  - Time course of ovarian tumour growth in soft agar culture.
AB  - Single time point assessment is usually employed in the Human Tumour Cloning
      System as the only parameter for in vitro growth. This does not seem to give a
      fair expression of the dynamic biological properties of tumour growth and time
      dependent effects, e.g. of cytotoxic drugs. We studied the time course of colony
      formation in temporal growth patterns (TGPs) and compared this method of growth
      evaluation with conventional single time point assessment in 57 samples of
      ovarian tumour cultures in the HTCS. A first advantage of the use of TGPs is that
      more cultures become evaluable, as this assessment over time can detect a rise in
      the number of colonies in dishes where colony-like clumps have initially been
      seeded. Thus only 28 of the cultures were evaluable for single time point
      assessment, whereas 57 were available for TGP evaluation. Growth was more often
      seen at TGP evaluation (14/57) than at single day assessment (8/57). Evaluation
      of growth over the course of time potentially allows detection of sensitivity to
      drugs. Furthermore TGPs reflect the dynamics of biological growth. These features
      cannot be studied in single time point assessment.

PMID- 4063147
TI  - A comparison of two culture techniques: an in vitro & an in vivo tumour colony
      forming assay.
AB  - Twenty-one identical tumour specimens were cultured both in the Plasma-Clot
      Diffusion Chamber (PCDC) Technique and the Human Tumour Colony-forming Assay
      (HTCA). The culture results achieved in the PCDC-technique were clearly superior
      to the HTCA: in the PCDC the mean and median plating efficiency (PE) was 0.156
      and 0.147, in the HTCA 0.103 and 0.028%; adequate growth rate in the PCDC
      technique was 67% and in the HTCA 38%. Fewer cells were required for plating in
      the PCDC-technique: 6.4 X 10(4) vs. 2.6 X 10(5) in the HTCA. The mean and median
      coefficient of variation of the colony numbers in the PCDC-technique appeared
      much higher: 27.3 and 37.3 vs. 11.2 and 11.1% in the HTCA. The relation between
      the PEs obtained for the same specimen in the two techniques was compared. No
      positive correlation was found, which can possibly be ascribed to technical
      shortcomings in both techniques.

PMID- 4063148
TI  - Pharmacokinetics, binding and distribution of Hoechst 33342 in spheroids and
      murine tumours.
AB  - The fluorescent stain Hoechst 33342, when injected i.v. into mice, has an LD50 of
      300 micrograms g-1. The stain exits rapidly from the blood, with a half-life of
      110 sec following an injection of 10 micrograms g-1, but remains bound within
      target cells, redistributing with a half-life longer than 2 h. This results in a
      gradient of drug binding outward from capillaries which can be used to estimate
      regional perfusion via fluorescence microscopy of frozen tissue sections. For
      tumour tissues that can be dispersed into single cell suspensions, intracellular
      Hoeschst 33342 can be quantified by flow cytometry, and cell populations can be
      selected on the basis of their fluorescence (distance from the vasculature) using
      a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Our results in tumours and in spheroids
      indicate that the rate of stain uptake by different cell subpopulations in situ
      is much more dependent on stain delivery than on selective uptake. Retention of
      the stain in spheroids is sufficiently stable to allow cell sorting several hours
      post-injection. Hoechst 33342 thus appears to have considerable potential as an
      agent for quantifying tissue perfusion, and for allowing selection of tumour cell
      subpopulations to assess response to radiation and drugs.

PMID- 4063149
TI  - Effect of host immune status on the spontaneous metastasis of cloned cell lines
      of the 13762NF rat mammary adenocarcinoma.
AB  - The importance of host immune status on the spontaneous metastasis of cloned cell
      lines of the 13762NF rat mammary adenocarcinoma was examined. Cell lines MTLn3
      (high metastatic potential), MTF7 and MTLn2 (intermediate metastatic potential)
      and MTC (low metastatic potential) were subjected to a series of in vivo assays
      designed to assess how manipulation of the immune system in the syngeneic F344
      host would affect the ability of these cells to metastasise. Treatment of tumour
      bearing rats with the immunosuppressive agents cyclosporin A or cyclophosphamide
      had little influence on metastasis in this system. Growth of tumours in
      congenitally athymic nude rats resulted in reduction of observed metastases. In
      addition, humoral immune response was not detectable during a 23-day period of
      tumour growth in F344 rats. Excision of the tumour growing in situ reduced the
      number of metastases when the tumours were resected early (less than 10 days),
      but at later times tumour resection did not influence the incidence of
      metastasis. The importance of initial lymphatic rather than haematogenous routes
      of dissemination was confirmed in experiments where the draining inguinal and
      axillary lymph nodes were removed at different times either before, or after,
      subcutaneous mammary fat pad injection of metastatic tumour cells.

PMID- 4063150
TI  - The aetiological significance of sunlight and fluorescent lighting in malignant
      melanoma: a case-control study.
AB  - Information on exposure and reaction to sunlight, together with the history of
      exposure to fluorescent lighting, was elicited by postal questionnaire. Case
      control analysis from 58 patients with malignant melanoma, 182 matched controls
      and 151 unmatched controls showed associations between malignant melanoma and (i)
      bouts of painful sunburn, (ii) reaction of untanned skin to sunlight, and (iii)
      number of moles (on right forearm), whereas no association could be found with
      exposure to fluorescent light at work.

PMID- 4063151
TI  - Induction of intestinal tumours in rats by chrysazin.

PMID- 4063152
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in never married men in Los Angeles.

PMID- 4063153
TI  - Plasma oestrogens and oestrogen receptors in breast cancer patients.

PMID- 4063154
TI  - Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in pancreatic cancer diagnosis.

PMID- 4063155
TI  - Possible cohort effects in studies on oral contraceptive use and breast cancer.

PMID- 4063156
TI  - Histological features of wound repair: a comparison between experimental ileal
      and colonic anastomoses.
AB  - Various histological parameters of wound repair have been studied in intestinal
      anastomoses in the rabbit in order to compare the healing processes in ileum and
      colon. The sequentional appearance of granulocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts
      has been studied from 3 h to 7 days after operation. Also, degree of necrosis,
      formation of capillaries and mucosal repair were analysed semi-quantitatively.
      Significant differences were observed between ileal and colonic anastomoses with
      respect to occurrence of granulocytes, necrosis and mucosal repair, particularly
      7 days after operation. At that time, granulocytes and necrosis were virtually
      absent from ileal anastomoses, while mucosal integrity was restored in the
      majority of cases examined. In contrast, granulocytes and necrosis were still
      abundantly present in colonic anastomoses and mucosal repair was poor. These
      results support biochemical evidence that wounds in the ileum heal more rapidly
      than wounds in the colon. Possibly, the sustained presence of granulocytes, which
      are a potential source of collagenase activity, is important in this respect.
      Investigation of the same features of intestinal wound healing in rabbits with
      peritonitis induced by infection showed similar results and no differences were
      found between infected and non-infected animals.

PMID- 4063157
TI  - Fibronectin in chronic inflammation: studies using the rat air pouch model of
      chronic allergic inflammation.
AB  - Fibronectin is a large glycoprotein of plasma, tissue fluids and tissues. The rat
      air pouch model of mesenchymal inflammation was used to examine changes in
      fibronectin levels during inflammation within a mesenchymal cavity. Rat plasma
      fibronectin levels showed a rapid and significant rise in relation to the
      induction of an air pouch. In contrast pouch fluid fibronectin levels were
      initially low and gradually increased with chronicity. They were unrelated to
      plasma levels. Pouch fluid fibronectin showed no relationship to cell content of
      the fluid, its volume, nor the weight of granulation tissue. Two-dimensional
      immuno-electrophoresis showed pouch fluid fibronectin was partially complexed but
      plasma fibronectin was not. These results show plasma and tissue fluid
      fibronectin have different patterns of response to inflammation. In rats plasma
      fibronectin is an acute-phase reactant, although this is not the case in humans.

PMID- 4063159
TI  - Unusually high concentrations of sialic acids on the surface of vascular
      endothelia.
AB  - Sialic acids present on luminal surfaces of vascular endothelium were determined
      by perfusing neuraminidase free of proteolytic activity through carotid arteries,
      iliac arteries and jugular veins of anaesthetized rabbits and guinea-pigs and
      through human umbilical veins. Total sialic acids released in I h from arteries
      and veins, determined fluorimetrically, were 24-51 X 10(6) molecules/micron 2
      endothelial surface; this was more, by up to two orders of magnitude, than sialic
      acids releasable by neuraminidase from other types of cells, i.e. from 0.15 X
      10(6) for human erythrocytes to 15 X 10(6) for human platelets. Sialic acids
      therefore provide extraordinarily high negative charge densities on vascular
      surfaces exposed to the flowing blood. As all circulating cells are also
      negatively charged, strong electrostatic repulsion must exist between them and
      normal vessel walls. These observations can therefore account for the general
      property of non-adherence of circulating cells in normal blood vessels of which
      the so-called 'non-thrombogenicity', meaning the non-adherence of platelets to
      normal vascular endothelium, is one example. It is suggested that a major
      biological function of these extraordinarily high negative charge concentrations
      is the mutual repulsion between endothelial surfaces and blood cells which
      promotes their unimpeded circulation.

PMID- 4063158
TI  - Renal function in rats treated with cyclosporin following unilateral nephrectomy.
AB  - The effects of oral cyclosporin A (25 mg/kg/day) on renal function and structure
      in groups of normal, laparotomized and unilaterally nephrectomized DA rats was
      assessed over a 4-week period. In each group, the drug caused impairment of
      function, although there was evidence of improvement during the course of the
      study. Cyclosporin A toxicity was most marked in the nephrectomized animals,
      where histological examination at 4 weeks revealed extensive damage to proximal
      straight tubular cells. Only minimal structural damage was observed in the two
      other groups. Cyclosporin A concentrations in whole blood and kidney were
      estimated by radioimmunoassay at 4 weeks. Similar drug levels were found in
      normal, laparotomized and nephrectomized animals, except for an unexplained fall
      in blood levels in the laparotomy group. The significance of these observations
      is discussed in the context of current knowledge concerning the physiological
      effects, toxicology and pharmacology of cyclosporin A.

PMID- 4063160
TI  - Three-dimensional culture of rat exocrine pancreatic cells using collagen gels.
AB  - Rat pancreatic cells were dissociated using a combined enzyme and EDTA method,
      grown on a plastic surface and then overlayed with collagen gel. Our studies have
      shown that exocrine pancreatic cells grown in this way have the ability to
      rearrange themselves into a three-dimensional organoid structure in which well
      defined epithelial lumina have been identified by ultrastructural and light
      microscopic examination. This in vitro system has advantages in examining the
      cytodifferentiation of pancreatic cells and may be exploited in studying
      pancreatic carcinogenesis.

PMID- 4063161
TI  - Haemodynamically-induced intimal tears in experimental U-shaped arterial loops as
      seen by scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - Experimentally-induced U-shaped carotid loops, simulating arterial tortuosities
      and kinks were examined by scanning electron microscopy to seek flow-induced
      changes in the intimal surface. In 14 New Zealand white rabbits carotid arterial
      transplants were fashioned into U-shaped loops by microvascular surgery. The
      rabbits were sacrificed from 4 to 226 days post-operatively. Tears in the
      internal elastic lamina occurred in all loops from 5 days post-operatively and
      were predominantly transverse and localised about the greater curvature of the
      bends of each loop. Though initially denuded, all tears appeared endothelialised
      after 6 days, coalescing later as they increased in size and extent. In older
      animals only islands of wrinkled internal elastic lamina remained at those sites.
      Endothelial cells in the tears were small, numerous and polyhedral with raised
      nuclei. The lesser curvature of the three bends in the loops displayed some
      irregular wrinkling of the internal elastic lamina. In the three oldest animals a
      few longitudinal tears were observed on the lesser curvature of the main bend.
      The specific localization of intimal tears supports the concept that they were
      hemodynamically induced.

PMID- 4063162
TI  - Susceptibility and resistance of inbred mice to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.
AB  - Nine different inbred strains of mice inoculated intraperitoneally with yeast
      cells of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis showed significantly varying patterns of
      susceptibility. The A/SN strain was found to be the most resistant, while
      BIOD2/nSn, BIO.A and BIOD2/oSn the most susceptible strains. These susceptibility
      differences were not dependent on the size of challenge inocula and sex of
      animals. All strains studied showed a mean survival time proportional to the size
      of inocula used. Although almost all infected male mice presented a shorter
      survival time when compared with females, significant mortality differences
      between sexes were found only in two of the strains studied, namely BALB/c and
      BIOD2/nSn. The H-2 region did not influence the susceptibility pattern since the
      A/SN and BIO.A strains share the same H-2 haplotype and were respectively highly
      resistant and susceptible to P. brasiliensis. Furthermore, the presence of C5 and
      unresponsiveness to lipopolysaccharide had no influence on the mortality data
      observed. Specific antibodies were detected only in a small number of animals and
      titres were consistently low, appearing later in the resistant (A/SN) than in a
      susceptible strain (BIO.A). Omentum, spleen and liver were the most affected
      organs in both strains, but the susceptible mice had more granulomatous lesions
      and earlier dissemination of the fungus.

PMID- 4063163
TI  - The distribution of ischaemia in perfused Wistar rat hearts following coronary
      artery occlusion.
AB  - Ischaemia induced in Wistar rat hearts by ligation of the main coronary arteries,
      was studied by NADH-fluorescence photography. The coronary anatomy was examined
      by barium angiography and intravascular resin infusion and it was confirmed that
      the main arteries were the left and right coronaries and the septal artery. The
      septal artery branched from the right coronary orifice in 90% of hearts examined.
      The long-axial cross-sectional view of the heart showed the ischaemic area to be
      limited to the left ventricular free wall following ligation of the left
      coronary, to the right ventricular free wall following ligation of the right
      coronary artery and to the ventricular septum after ligation of the septal
      artery. When the left coronary artery was ligated at its origin, the ratio of
      ischaemic area to cross-sectional area increased from the base to the apex of the
      heart. The borders of the epicardial ischaemic area induced by left and right
      coronary ligation made contact without any overlapping or broad separation. This
      indicates that the area perfused by the left and right coronary arteries was
      contiguous but physically separated.

PMID- 4063164
TI  - Trichothiodystrophy: an ultrastructural study of the hair follicle.
AB  - We have used detailed ultrastructural and electron histochemical techniques on
      both the hair shaft and anagen hair follicle to elucidate further the structural
      abnormalities in trichothiodystrophic hair. We have shown that protein deposition
      in the follicle is reduced and lacks orientation, and that the anagen follicles
      show an overall distortion. Both the hair cuticle and cortex high sulphur protein
      components are affected. The results of this study help to give a visual
      interpretation to detailed biochemical studies conducted by other workers thereby
      allowing specific localization of the site of the intrinsic keratin abnormality.

PMID- 4063166
TI  - Muir-Torre syndrome in several members of a family with a variant of the Cancer
      Family Syndrome.
AB  - Distinguishing cutaneous signs which are associated with hereditary cancer-prone
      syndromes are known as cancer-associated genodermatoses. Muir-Torre syndrome (M
      T) is characterized by the occurrence of sebaceous hyperplasia, adenoma and
      carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation, and/or
      keratoacanthoma in association with visceral cancer (often multiple), and
      improved survival. Family studies of M-T have been either wholly lacking or too
      incomplete to elucidate hereditary aetiology. We describe the cutaneous phenotype
      of M-T in an extended kindred with a possible variant of the Cancer Family
      Syndrome. We emphasize the need for more thorough documentation of family
      histories and cancer association in this cancer-associated genodermatosis in
      order to clarify hereditary syndrome identification, and to improve cancer
      control through employment of cutaneous signs as a beacon for highly targeted
      forms of visceral cancer.

PMID- 4063165
TI  - Effect of depletion of epidermal dendritic cells on the induction of contact
      sensitivity in the guinea-pig.
AB  - Guinea pig skin was depleted of Langerhans cells (LC) as assessed by ATPase and
      Ia staining using several techniques. The LCs were depleted either by tape
      stripping or exposure of the animals to UV-B or UV-C radiation. Guinea-pigs were
      sensitized to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) by application of the sensitizer to
      the epidermis depleted of LC. Minimally suppressed contact reactions were found
      in animals exposed to both wavelengths of radiation, but this was shown to be a
      systemic rather than a local effect. Tape-stripping did not alter the degree of
      contact sensitivity when guinea-pigs were sensitized with a large dose of DNCB.
      When a non-sensitizing dose of DNCB was applied to the ear depleted of LC by tape
      stripping, contact sensitivity resulted. Although the depletion of LCs was 97%
      following UV-B, 93% with UV-C and 78% after tape-stripping, at no time were LCs
      completely absent from the epidermis.

PMID- 4063167
TI  - Natural killer cell numbers and function in peripheral lymphoid cells in Behcet's
      disease.
AB  - We have studied NK cell activity and numbers in the peripheral blood obtained
      from patients with Behcet's disease and from normal healthy controls. NK cell
      activity in the peripheral blood of patients in the clinically-active stage of
      Behcet's disease was significantly lower than that of patients in the inactive
      stage and normal controls. In contrast, it was observed that the actual number of
      NK cells was markedly increased in the peripheral blood of patients with active
      disease. The addition of alpha-interferon (INF-alpha) to these cells showed
      significant augmentation of NK cell activity. These results suggest that the
      patients with active Behcet's disease lack a factor which activates NK cells.

PMID- 4063168
TI  - Familial cases of Behcet's disease.
AB  - Seven families with Behcet's disease are presented. HLA-B5 tissue type was shown
      in the three families in whom lymphocyte microcytotoxicity tests were carried
      out. Genetic factors appear to be important in the pathogenesis of Behcet's
      disease.

PMID- 4063169
TI  - Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with paraproteinaemia.
AB  - A 66-year-old man with necrobiotic xanthogranuloma associated with
      paraproteinaemia is described. He also had long-standing normolipaemic plane
      xanthomata. Treatment was with melphalan 0.15 mg/kg body weight/day. Initially,
      three 5-day courses were given at 4-weekly intervals but a fourth course was
      necessary after a further 4 months because of a deterioration in both his skin
      and associated systemic symptoms.

PMID- 4063170
TI  - Histoplasmosis presenting with unusual skin lesions in acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome (AIDS).

PMID- 4063171
TI  - Dermatomyositis of the vulva--first reported case.

PMID- 4063172
TI  - O'Brien's actinic granuloma.
AB  - The nosological position of actinic granuloma of O'Brien remains controversial.
      In this report a typical case is described and the features which distinguish the
      condition from other closely related granulomatous disorders are discussed.
      Histological changes are of some value in distinguishing actinic granuloma from
      atypical facial necrobiosis, granuloma multiforme and granuloma annulare arising
      in elastotic sites. Final diagnosis, however, is usually based upon the clinical
      features. Our case showed a successful therapeutic response to intralesional
      steroid.

PMID- 4063173
TI  - Crohn's disease of the vulva--two further cases.
AB  - Crohn's disease of the vulva is a rare disease, only eight cases having been
      described in the literature (Parks, Morson & Pegum, 1965; Mountain, 1970; Ansell
      & Hogbin, 1973; Devroede et al., 1975; Kao, Paulson & Askin, 1975; Levine, Barton
      & Grier, 1982). Two additional cases are presented, one of whom is the sixth
      reported with metastatic Crohn's disease of the vulva.

PMID- 4063174
TI  - Naevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome with unilateral neoplasms and pits.
AB  - A patient with the naevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is reported in
      whom non-aggressive neoplasms developed predominantly on the right side of the
      body. It is proposed that a post-zygotic somatic mutation is most likely to be
      responsible for the unilateral manifestation of the syndrome in this patient.

PMID- 4063176
TI  - Cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Maltese Islands.

PMID- 4063175
TI  - Longitudinal melanonychia in lichen planus.

PMID- 4063177
TI  - Successful treatment of Behcet's syndrome with levamisole.

PMID- 4063179
TI  - Nodular prurigo--a clinicopathological study of 46 patients.
AB  - In a study of 46 patients with nodular prurigo (NP), potential metabolic causes
      of pruritus, such as anaemia, hepatic dysfunction, uraemia and myxoedema, were
      present in 50%. Focal causes of pruritus were important in 37% and included
      insect bites, venous stasis, folliculitis and nummular eczema. Psycho-social
      disorders were recorded in over 50% of patients and were considered relevant in
      33%. Clinical and histological appearances ranged from classical NP to chronic
      lichenified eczema. Neural hyperplasia was not a prominent feature.

PMID- 4063178
TI  - Involvement of macrophages in the pathology of toxic epidermal necrolysis.
AB  - In toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), as in the 'epidermal type' of erythema
      multiforme, the necrotic epidermis is infiltrated with mononuclear cells. We
      studied the epidermal infiltrate in seven cases of TEN. About half the cells
      obtained from pieces of cleaved epidermis dissociated by trypsin were non
      epithelial. On cytologic analysis, 80% of these foreign cells exhibited markers
      of macrophages, 15% were granulocytes and only 5% were lymphocytes (almost
      exclusively OKT8 T lymphocytes). Semi-thin sections of early prenecrotic lesions
      showed exocytosis of mononuclear cells within the epidermis with features of
      satellite cell necrosis and formation of colloid bodies. Almost all these
      mononuclear cells were macrophages as evidenced by endogenous peroxidase-positive
      granules. These findings suggest that some kind of macrophage-mediated
      cytotoxicity may play a role in the necrosis of epidermal cells during TEN.

PMID- 4063180
TI  - Cutaneous malignant histiocytosis--a clinicopathological review of five cases.
AB  - Malignant histiocytosis is a rare, and usually fatal, tumour which may involve
      the skin. The clinical and pathological changes are described in five patients
      who presented with skin nodules as the initial feature. We witnessed spontaneous
      healing of lesions, a previously described phenomenon which may cause diagnostic
      confusion. It is suggested that patients presenting with malignant histiocytosis
      confined to the skin form a sub-group with a more favourable prognosis.

PMID- 4063181
TI  - Unruly hair.
AB  - One of the difficulties dermatologists encounter when attempting to diagnose rare
      scalp hair abnormalities is knowing where to start. Faced with a patient
      presenting with 'frizzy' hair it is helpful to have a systematic approach rather
      than simply 'thumb through the books'. Price (1979) classifies anomalies of the
      hair shaft in to those associated with increased fragility which consequently
      give rise to alopecia, and those which are not thus associated. There is a
      significant group of disorders which present with unruly hair, and these have
      been described under all manner of titles, including crinkly, woolly, kinky,
      crimped, frizzly, steely, spunglass, in an attempt to define their clinical
      appearance. This only serves to confuse the issue as no one word adequately
      describes many of these abnormalities. I would like to suggest an approach for
      categorizing and diagnosing unruly hair forms, based on a review of the
      literature as well as on experience with such cases. This is a modified and
      extended version of the only previous classification of unruly hair proposed by
      Lantis and Pepper (1978). I accept that there are some individual cases which are
      difficult to classify and remain unique.

PMID- 4063182
TI  - Clinical experience and patch testing using colophony (rosin) from different
      sources.
AB  - Patients with suspected allergy to colophony were patch-tested with colophony
      (rosin) of different kinds (gum rosin, tall oil rosin). More cases of allergy
      were detected by testing with more than one type of colophony. Tall oil rosin
      produced a smaller number of positive reactions than the gum rosins tested, which
      suggests a lower allergenic activity. Venice turpentine was a useful additional
      screening substance. When different test concentrations were compared (20% and
      5%) the lower concentration failed to reveal four of 30 cases. The patients'
      eczema had been caused chiefly by contact with colophony in their work.

PMID- 4063183
TI  - Proceedings of the 233rd meeting of the Netherlands Society of Dermatology and
      Venereology. Leiden, 2nd March 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4063184
TI  - Follicular molluscum contagiosum.
AB  - Four cases are reported in which atypical molluscum contagiosum lesions were
      found, arising from follicular epithelium. All the patients were adults and two
      had a history of atopic dermatitis. Histology showed intradermal nodules
      containing typical molluscum cells but lacking normal direct communication to the
      skin surface. This is the first description of true follicular involvement in
      molluscum contagiosum.

PMID- 4063185
TI  - A case of mycosis fungoides mimicking actinic reticuloid.
AB  - A 61-year-old man presented with erythema and induration of the skin on his face
      and neck. Initially a photosensitive dermatosis was suspected but this was
      excluded on further investigation. Mycosis fungoides was diagnosed and the
      lesions responded to photochemotherapy (PUVA).

PMID- 4063186
TI  - Dapsone use with oral-genital ulcers.

PMID- 4063187
TI  - Relative potencies of topical corticosteroid formulations.

PMID- 4063188
TI  - The impact of methotrexate on psycho-organic functioning.

PMID- 4063189
TI  - Neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis in pustulosis palmo-plantaris and pustular
      psoriasis.
AB  - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) and monocyte (MN) chemotaxis in nine patients
      with pustulosis palmo-plantaris (PPP) and ten patients with pustular psoriasis
      (PP) was determined by an objective in vitro assay employing a 51Cr-labelling
      technique. PMN chemotaxis was significantly enhanced in both groups of patients
      compared with controls. MN chemotaxis was normal. There was no difference in the
      chemotactic responsiveness of leukocytes from patients with PPP and PP. The
      random migration of PMN and MN from the patients was normal. Homogenized tissue
      specimens from lesional skin with and without pustules, and from perilesional,
      normal-looking skin of PPP and PP were analysed for the presence of
      chemoattractant(s) for PMN. Lesional skin had considerable chemoattractant
      properties, but perilesional skin did not induce directed migration of PMNs.

PMID- 4063190
TI  - A study of cutaneous photosensitivity induced by amiodarone.
AB  - Amiodarone-induced cutaneous photosensitivity was studied in 12 subjects treated
      with the drug. The action spectrum for the abnormal response to sunlight was
      shown to be within the range of 335-460 (+/- 30) nm. The clinical features of the
      photosensitivity response suggested that it was most probably a phototoxic
      reaction, a conclusion supported by the results of in vitro studies which
      indicated activity mainly against cell membranes. Of the five in vitro models
      used, three--namely photohaemolysis, the inhibition of DNA synthesis in PHA
      stimulated lymphocytes and the killing of mouse peritoneal macrophages--provided
      unequivocal evidence of the phototoxic potential of both amiodarone and its major
      metabolite, desethylamiodarone. In each model desethylamiodarone produced a
      greater effect by a factor of between 2 and 10. In vitro, UV-B wavelengths
      produced a greater effect than UVA but the difference between the effective
      wavelengths in vivo and in vitro might be explained by the greater absorption of
      the shorter wavelength UV-B in the epidermis. Zinc oxide-containing preparations
      appeared to be the most effective in reducing the cutaneous photosensitivity. It
      is suggested that the long-term cutaneous pigmentation resulting from oral
      amiodarone has a significant photosensitivity component.

PMID- 4063191
TI  - Practical study of qualitative and quantitative sebum excretion on the human
      forehead.
AB  - Measurement of Sebum Excretion Rate (SER) in patients is a time-consuming test.
      It is now possible to measure SER 1 h after having degreased the forehead with a
      70% ethanol solution. The skin surface lipids (SSL) collected during this time
      have similar composition to those collected for up to 7 h. A qualitative and
      quantitative study of sebaceous excretion, on 18 volunteers, from 1 to 7 h after
      having cleansed the forehead, showed that the refatting kinetics, in all
      subjects, obeyed the same mathematical law, independent of the subjects'
      individual SER.

PMID- 4063192
TI  - Drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis.

PMID- 4063193
TI  - Pyoderma gangrenosum treated with cyclosporin A.
AB  - A 49-year-old woman with a 14-year history of pyoderma gangrenosum unresponsive
      to a variety of systemic and topical treatments was given oral cyclosporin A
      (CyA), a potent immunosuppressive agent widely used in organ transplantation for
      the prophylaxis of acute graft-versus-host disease. Improvement and subsequent
      healing of the lesions was evident within 3 weeks of starting treatment and has
      continued for the duration of treatment (12 months).

PMID- 4063194
TI  - Spontaneous photo-onycholysis.
AB  - Three cases of onycholysis following, and apparently caused by, sun exposure are
      reported. No case was associated with drug ingestion or demonstrable metabolic
      abnormality. Cutaneous phototesting of all patients with an irradiation
      monochromator was within normal limits, although the action spectrum for the
      defect may lie in the ultraviolet-A (UV-A) region. This appears to be the first
      report of spontaneous photo-onycholysis.

PMID- 4063195
TI  - Successful control of lymphangioma circumscriptum by superficial X-rays.
AB  - Lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC) is usually treated by excision. Radiotherapy is
      not considered suitable primary treatment (Kinmonth, 1972). We report a case
      which was treated by superficial X-rays with almost complete regression.
      Regression was very slow. Reviewing the literature we discovered that X-ray
      therapy has never been properly tested for treating this condition. We conclude
      that this modality of treatment is rational, effective and warrants further
      testing.

PMID- 4063196
TI  - Dermatitis repens, Lapiere and generalized pustular psoriasis.
AB  - The presence of subcorneal pustules in a solitary, indolent, crusted plaque, or
      in erythema annulare-like lesions with a trailing scale, is evidence of atypical
      psoriasis. When these lesions appear late in life there is a significant risk of
      generalized pustular psoriasis with a poor prognosis. A case is presented in whom
      both of these atypical forms occurred and who developed severe generalized
      disease. Clinical and histological features are described.

PMID- 4063197
TI  - Proliferative kinetics in cultured dermal papilla cells from human hair
      follicles.

PMID- 4063198
TI  - Actinic folliculitis.

PMID- 4063199
TI  - Anti-endomysium antibodies in a patient with chronic urticaria.

PMID- 4063200
TI  - Gastric adenocarcinoma in a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum.

PMID- 4063201
TI  - How do red cell enzymes age? A new perspective.

PMID- 4063202
TI  - Regeneration of phosphorylated metabolites in stored erythrocytes in an open
      perfusion system: studies using 31P NMR spectroscopy.
AB  - Human erythrocytes were maintained at high haematocrit in a metabolically
      functional state for several hours in a thermodynamically open perfusion
      apparatus. The concentrations of ATP and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and pH
      were continuously monitored before and after metabolic perturbations by using 31P
      NMR; the monitoring was achieved with a 31P flow-through probe. Methylphosphonate
      was added to plasma perfusion medium as a phosphorus concentration standard and
      as a 31P NMR pH probe molecule. The rates of decline of ATP and 2,3-DPG levels in
      fresh cells in a glucose-free medium were measured as were the rates of
      reformation in response to a 'rejuvenation' medium. Also, rates of ATP and 2,3
      DPG synthesis during perfusion with Krebs bicarbonate-0.5 mmol/l glucose and
      perfusion with pooled plasma were measured in cells that had been previously
      stored at 4 degrees C for 5 weeks.

PMID- 4063204
TI  - Membrane characteristics and osmotic fragility of red cells, fractionated with
      anglehead centrifugation and counterflow centrifugation.
AB  - Red cell populations were separated on the basis of differences in density using
      anglehead centrifugation and on the basis of differences in mean cell volume
      using counterflow centrifugation. In the different fractions, mean surface area
      was calculated, phospholipid and cholesterol content determined as well as the
      osmotic behaviour in hypotonic salt solutions. Older red cells appeared to be
      more resistant to hypotonic salt solutions, due to favourable surface area to
      volume ratio.

PMID- 4063203
TI  - Counterflow centrifugation of red cell populations: a cell age related separation
      technique.
AB  - Red cell populations were fractionated on the basis of differences in density by
      a centrifugation method described by Murphy and on the basis of differences in
      mean cell volume (MCV) by counterflow centrifugation. By 59Fe-incorporation and
      determination of the HbA1c content, both methods were studied for their ability
      to separate red cell populations into fractions of different mean cell age. It
      can be concluded that separation on the basis of differences in cell volume
      results in a linear separation according to age whereas separation on the basis
      of density only results in an accumulation of very young cells in the top
      fractions. A gradual decrease in cell volume with age, combined with a constant
      haemoglobin concentration in the cells, indicates release of haemoglobin from the
      red cells during their lifespan.

PMID- 4063205
TI  - Demonstration of haemoglobin associated with isolated, purified spectrin from
      senescent human red cells.
AB  - Employing a direct and sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) we have confirmed the
      presence of haemoglobin associated with isolated, purified spectrin from
      senescent red cells. Haemoglobin associated with spectrin occurs in the highest
      amount in cells with an MCHC greater than 36 g/dl and is approximately 3% of the
      total spectrin extract. Spectrin from the young cells had the least haemoglobin,
      while an intermediate amount was found in unfractionated, whole red cells. The
      RIA results were in close approximation with estimation of the haemoglobin
      spectrin complex obtained by carefully integrating the Coomassie blue stain
      profiles from 4% SDS PAGE in densitometric scans from isolated spectrin.

PMID- 4063206
TI  - Use of a monoclonal antibody against human heart ferritin for evaluating acidic
      ferritin concentration in human serum.
AB  - Immunoassays for acidic ferritins rich in H subunits have shown that these
      isoferritins are predominant in some cells such as monocytes and red blood cells
      but have provided conflicting results about their presence in human serum. We
      have used an immunoradiometric assay based on a monoclonal antibody against human
      heart ferritin (monoclonal 2A4) for evaluating acidic ferritin concentration in
      human serum. This assay proved to be highly specific for acidic isoferritins
      having more than 60% H subunits. Heart-type ferritin was detected in only one
      fifth of normal sera and sera from patients with iron overload; values were very
      low compared with those for basic ferritin. Acidic ferritin was found in
      relatively high concentrations in most patients with iron deficiency anaemia. In
      other disease states characterized by increased serum concentrations of basic
      ferritin, acidic ferritin was always less than 21% of the total ferritin.
      Dialysis in low-ionic-strength buffer showed that both normal and pathological
      sera had binding factors for human heart ferritin. We conclude that: (i) human
      serum contains low concentrations of acidic isoferritins which, at variance with
      basic ferritin, do not appear to be directly related to the amount of storage
      iron; (ii) the findings of the present study reinforce the opinion that basic and
      acidic ferritins have different functional behaviours.

PMID- 4063207
TI  - Effect of complement on the viscoelastic properties of human erythrocyte
      membrane.
AB  - Using the micropipette technique, we examined the viscoelastic properties of the
      red blood cell (RBC) membrane which had been strongly coated with various
      components of complement (primary C3b, C3d, C4b, C4d) in vitro. The membrane
      elastic modulus (E), the viscosity index of the initial rapid phase of
      deformation (eta D1), the viscosity of the later slow phase of deformation (eta
      D2) and the viscosity of the recovery phase (eta R) were determined. Compared to
      control non-complement coated RBCs, RBCs coated with C3d, either alone or with
      other complement components, showed significant increase in the values for
      elasticity and viscosities. Thus C3d fixation resulted in decreased membrane
      deformability. Changes in membrane viscoelasticity due to bound C3d were not
      enhanced by bound C4b, C4d, C5, factor Bb or p; presence on RBC membrane of the
      latter two complement components may partially reverse the effect of C3d
      fixation. Lipid fluidity of RBC membrane, examined by fluorescence
      depolarization, increased with fixation of all complement components except C5.
      These complement-induced changes in membrane viscoelastic properties have
      potential pathophysiological and clinical implications. The data suggest that
      extravascular sequestration of human RBCs may be explained in part by increased
      membrane rigidity resulting from C3d fixation.

PMID- 4063209
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at the meeting of the British Society for
      Haematology. 28 March 1985.

PMID- 4063208
TI  - Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in heat stroke.
AB  - Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis were assessed in 55 cases of heat stroke who
      presented with or without bleeding tendencies during the Makkah pilgrimage of
      1983. 17 patients were identified to have evidence of disseminated intravascular
      coagulation (DIC). Bleeders with DIC had a higher incidence of shock and a higher
      mortality when compared to non-bleeders. Thrombocytopenia and liver cell damage
      were not limited to cases with DIC. Coagulation factors and serum enzyme studies
      suggested non-specific tissue damage as the trigger mechanism for DIC possibly
      proceeding through the extrinsic system of blood clotting. We conclude that the
      breakdown of haemostasis in heat stroke is multifactorial: thrombocytopenia,
      liver cell damage and DIC.

PMID- 4063210
TI  - Collection of circulating haemopoietic cells after chemotherapy in acute non
      lymphocytic leukaemia.

PMID- 4063211
TI  - Low-dose Ara-C in treatment of overt acute leukaemia.

PMID- 4063212
TI  - Platelet autoantibodies in septicaemia.

PMID- 4063213
TI  - Erythrocyte fragmentation in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in
      acute leukaemia.

PMID- 4063214
TI  - Radon daughter exposure and lung cancer.

PMID- 4063215
TI  - Dust exposure, pneumoconiosis, and mortality of coalminers.
AB  - General mortality in approximately 25 000 British coalminers over 22 year periods
      ending in 1980 was 13% lower on average than in English and Welsh men in the same
      regions of Britain. There were significant within region variations between
      collieries, and standardised mortality ratios increased during the later years of
      the follow up, approaching or slightly exceeding 100 in most of the 20 coalmines
      studied. Age specific comparisons of 22 year survival rates were made in
      subgroups. Relative risks of death from all non-violent causes for men with the
      earliest stage of progressive massive fibrosis (PMF category A), compared with
      risks in miners with no pneumoconiosis (category O), ranged from 1.2 in those
      aged 55-64 initially to 3.5 for those aged 25-34. Mortality in miners with higher
      categories of PMF (B or C) was even more severe. Survival rates in men with
      category 1 simple pneumoconiosis were about 2% to 3% lower than in miners with
      radiographs classified as category O, but there was no consistent evidence of an
      increase in mortality with increasing category of simple pneumoconiosis.
      Mortality from all non-violent causes increased systematically with increases in
      estimates of exposure to dust before the start of the follow up. That gradient
      was attributable primarily to deaths certified as due to pneumoconiosis and those
      recorded as due to bronchitis and emphysema (p less than 0.001). There was some
      evidence of a dust related increase in deaths from cancers of the digestive
      system (p approximately equal to 0.05), but none of an association between
      exposure to coalmine dust and lung cancer. Lung cancer mortality, assessed over
      17 year periods, was about 5.5 times higher in smokers than in life long non
      smokers. Smokers with no pneumoconiosis had slightly higher lung cancer death
      rates than smokers with pneumoconiosis. We conclude that miners exposed to
      excessive amounts of respirable coalmine dust are at increased risk of premature
      death, either from progressive massive fibrosis or from chronic bronchitis or
      emphysema.

PMID- 4063216
TI  - Progressive massive fibrosis and simple pneumoconiosis in ex-miners.
AB  - A group of 17 738 working miners, medically examined during 1953-8, were followed
      up from 1974 to 1980. Of the 7118 men re-examined, 2547 were still working miners
      and 4526 had left the industry (45 were of unrecorded status). The incidence of
      progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) over an average follow up period of 22 years
      among men who had remained in the industry was 27 per 1000, but 94 per 1000 among
      men who had left. This difference was only partly related to the difference in
      age between the groups; for men without simple pneumoconiosis at the start of the
      period, and for similar age groups (45-64), the attack rate in miners was 20 per
      1000 and in the ex-miners 41 per 1000. In a group of 1902 leavers who did not
      have PMF at a medical examination conducted at most four years before leaving,
      172 had developed PMF by the time of the follow up examination. Of these, 116 had
      had simple pneumoconiosis at the earlier examination. Cumulative exposure to
      respirable dust, category of simple pneumoconiosis, and age were each found to
      influence the probability of developing PMF in a subgroup of the 1902 men. Among
      the 1902 leavers, there was no overall progression or regression of simple
      pneumoconiosis.

PMID- 4063217
TI  - Mortality of men in the Rhondda Fach 1950-80.
AB  - In a 30 year follow up study of 8526 men aged 20 and over in the Rhondda Fach
      99.9% of the population was traced. Generally, the results are similar to those
      found in a 20 year follow up of the same subjects. Miners and ex-miners had an
      excess mortality compared with non-miners, but within the former only those who
      had had categories B and C pneumoconiosis showed a raised mortality. Category A
      pneumoconiosis was not associated with any excess compared with other miners and
      ex-miners. Two further aspects of the data relating to gastric cancer and
      progressive massive fibrosis will be examined in later reports.

PMID- 4063218
TI  - Exposure to vinyl chloride and angiosarcoma of the liver: a report of the
      register of cases.
AB  - The Association of Plastic Manufacturers in Europe maintains a register of all
      cases of angiosarcoma of the liver (ASL) resulting from exposure to vinyl
      chloride monomer (VCM). This register has recorded all known VCM related cases of
      the disease worldwide that have been histologically confirmed. Although likely to
      be incomplete, it is the most comprehensive tabulation of such cases available
      and, by the end of 1984, 118 men had been registered. The information from
      analysis of the cases currently on the register is used to make an approximate
      projection of the number of cases to be expected in the future. The conclusion
      from this projection is that the industry is reaching the halfway stage in the
      appearance of VCM related ASL.

PMID- 4063219
TI  - Changes in the sense of balance correlate with concentrations of m-xylene in
      venous blood.
AB  - Nine healthy male volunteers were exposed to m-xylene for four hours a day, three
      hours in the morning and one hour in the afternoon, with a 40 minute break in
      between, at six day intervals during six succeeding weeks to explore the effects
      of m-xylene on the sense of balance. The atmospheric m-xylene concentrations were
      either fixed at 8.2 mumol/l (200 ppm) or they fluctuated (5.2-16.4 mumol/l; 135
      400 ppm) with peaks of 16.4 mumol/l and duration of 10 minutes at the beginning
      of each exposure session. The subjects were sedentary or exercised at 100 W for
      10 minutes at the time of the peaks. The two control days, with and without
      exercise, were similar to the exposure days but without exposure. Body sway was
      measured with the subjects' eyes open and closed before they entered the chamber
      and in the chamber immediately after the cessation of the peak exposure when
      blood samples for gas chromatographic analysis were also drawn. Changes in the
      eyes closed/open ratio of the average and maximal body sway along the sagittal
      and lateral axes were calculated using the morning value as a reference. Changes
      in the eyes closed/open ratios of both average and maximal body sway correlated
      positively with blood m-xylene concentrations during fixed (8.2 mumol/l) exposure
      at rest and during fluctuating exposure combined with exercise as analysed with
      linear regression analysis. The results suggest that m-xylene has a dose related
      effect on the sense of balance at moderate atmospheric levels.

PMID- 4063220
TI  - Toxicity in man due to stain removers containing 1,2-dichloropropane.
AB  - There are reports that 1,2-dichloropropane, a constituent of many commercial
      solvents and stain removers in Italy, has caused severe liver damage and,
      sometimes, acute renal failure. Between 1980 and 1983 three cases of 1,2
      dichloropropane intoxication (1 by ingestion, 2 by inhalation) were observed.
      Clinical features included severe liver damage, acute renal failure (2 patients),
      haemolytic anaemia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The most
      surprising features were haemolytic anaemia and disseminated intravascular
      coagulation which have not been reported before. The clinical picture was similar
      despite different modes of exposure.

PMID- 4063221
TI  - Variation in cutaneous perfusion due to synthetic pyrethroid exposure.
AB  - Synthetic pyrethroids are neurotoxic insecticides with a low mammalian toxicity.
      Prior investigations have found these agents to be neither cutaneous irritants
      nor sensitisers. Clinically demonstrable inflammation, as judged by erythema,
      oedema, or vesiculation, has not been apparent. Nevertheless, paraesthesia does
      result from cutaneous exposure. In this investigation technical grade
      flucythrinate was applied to the forearms of human participants twice daily for
      five consecutive days. Laser Doppler velocimeter measurements were made before
      each topical application, with histamine phosphate being intradermally injected
      on termination of the study. Results of both laser Doppler velocimetry and
      histamine induced axon reflex vasodilatation were not statistically significant
      at an alpha = 0.05 level. This investigation suggests that the synthetic
      pyrethroids have little influence on neurogenic vasodilatation on topical
      exposure.

PMID- 4063222
TI  - A job-exposure matrix for use in population based studies in England and Wales.
AB  - The job-exposure matrix described has been developed for use in population based
      studies of occupational morbidity and mortality in England and Wales. The job
      axis of the matrix is based on the Registrar General's 1966 classification of
      occupations and 1968 classification of industries, and comprises 669 job
      categories. The exposure axis is made up of 49 chemical, physical, and biological
      agents, most of which are known or suspected causes of occupational disease. In
      the body of the matrix associations between jobs and exposures are graded to four
      levels. The matrix has been applied to data from a case-control study of lung
      cancer in which occupational histories were elicited by means of a postal
      questionnaire. Estimates of exposure to five known or suspected carcinogens
      (asbestos, chromates, cutting oils, formaldehyde, and inhaled polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons were compared with those obtained by detailed review of individual
      occupational histories. When the matrix was used exposures were attributed to
      jobs more frequently than on the basis of individual histories. Lung cancer was
      significantly more common among subjects classed by the matrix as having
      potential exposure to chromates, but neither method of assigning exposures
      produced statistically significant associations with asbestos or polycyclic
      aromatic hydrocarbons. Possible explanations for the failure to show a clear
      effect of these known carcinogens are discussed. The greater accuracy of
      exposures inferred directly from individual histories was reflected in steeper
      dose response curves for asbestos, chromates, and polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons. The improvement over results obtained with the matrix, however, was
      not great. For occupational data of the type examined in this study, direct
      exposure estimates offer little advantage over those provided at lower cost by a
      matrix.

PMID- 4063223
TI  - Methyl groups or additional aromatic groups donate tumour promoting activity.

PMID- 4063224
TI  - Rates of sickness absenteeism among employees of a modern hospital: the role of
      demographic and occupational factors.

PMID- 4063225
TI  - Teenage pregnancy.

PMID- 4063226
TI  - Risks of preterm delivery and small-for-gestational age infants following
      abortion: a population study.
AB  - We examined hospital discharge records in 1980-81 for singleton third trimester
      deliveries in Scotland. We compared 3000 women who had previously experienced
      induced termination of pregnancy, and 4000 who had experienced spontaneous
      abortion with primigravidae and with women in their second pregnancy, their first
      having resulted in a livebirth. Two aspects of low birthweight were examined:
      delivery before the 37th completed week of gestation, and low birthweight for
      gestational age. Our comparisons were further controlled for maternal height,
      age, sex of infant, marital status and social class. Women with previous
      spontaneous abortions experienced significantly increased risk of preterm
      delivery but not of low birthweight for gestational age. Women with a history of
      induced abortion also experienced increased risk of preterm delivery, but for
      women aged 18-24 years, risk of low birthweight for gestational age was
      significantly reduced compared with primigravidae.

PMID- 4063227
TI  - Oedema-preventing mechanisms in subcutaneous tissue of normal pregnant women.
AB  - Fluid transport between the plasma and interstitial fluid compartment is governed
      by the Starling forces, i.e. the capillary pressure (Pc), interstitial fluid
      hydrostatic pressure (Pi) and colloid osmotic pressure in plasma (COPp) and
      interstitial fluid (COPi). The COPp, COPi and Pi were measured in 10 normal
      pregnant women in the first and 10 women in the third trimester of pregnancy.
      Interstitial fluid was collected from subcutaneous tissue by implanted wicks and
      Pi was measured by the 'wick-in-needle' technique. The COPp was reduced from 23.2
      mmHg in the first trimester to 21.1 mmHg in the third trimester. Concomitantly,
      COPi decreased from 13.1 to 8.4 mmHg on the thorax and from 9.6 to 5.5 mmHg at
      the ankle. Only small changes in Pi were observed. The more marked fall in COPi
      than in COPp indicates that a rise in Pc, in addition to hypoproteinaemia,
      contributes to increased capillary fluid filtration in pregnancy. The reduction
      in COPi opposes the increased filtration and thereby prevents a rise in
      interstitial fluid volume and oedema formation. These physiological changes imply
      a reduced safety margin against oedema formation in late pregnancy.

PMID- 4063228
TI  - The effect of oxytocin infusion on uterine activity levels in slow labour.
AB  - Uterine activity was studied in 31 women who were progressing slowly in
      spontaneous labour. In 75%, levels of uterine activity were below the tenth
      centile for normal spontaneous labour (mean uterine activity integral, UAI, 593
      kPas/15 min; SD 296). Following oxytocin infusion, there was a significant
      increase in uterine activity to a mean of 1124 kPas/15 min (SD 276), which was
      the same as in normal spontaneous labour. The response to oxytocin was dependent
      upon the pre-existing level of uterine activity, and sensitivity to oxytocin,
      rather than the dose rate; 84% responded to infusion rates of less than 8 mU/min.
      The response to oxytocin was best expressed in terms of active contraction area
      (uterine activity integral, UAI) or Montevideo units, rather than the frequency
      or active pressure of contractions. The rate of cervical dilatation following
      oxytocin augmentation could not be predicted either by the increase in uterine
      activity or by the actual level of activity achieved.

PMID- 4063229
TI  - Fall in the heat-labile alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme levels during pregnancy in
      healthy Nigerians.
AB  - Estimation of heat-labile alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme in the serum of 45
      healthy non-pregnant women and 98 women in the second and third trimesters of
      pregnancy revealed a statistically significant reduction of this isoenzyme during
      pregnancy. Variations in normal activity were also more marked in the pregnant
      women compared with the non-pregnant control subjects. Now that normal serum
      levels of the heat-labile alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme in pregnancy have been
      established it is possible to use estimations of the enzyme as part of the
      assessment of maternal liver function in pregnancy.

PMID- 4063230
TI  - Placental protein 10 (PP10) in normal pregnancy and cholestasis of pregnancy.
AB  - The circulating concentrations of placental protein 10 (PP10) were measured by
      radioimmunoassay in 288 women with normal pregnancy and ten women (55 samples)
      with cholestasis of pregnancy. Serum PP10 levels were not affected by changes in
      incubation and storage temperature, and no diurnal variation was observed. The
      highest PP10 levels (36-85 micrograms/l) in normal pregnancy were found at 34
      weeks. The postpartum decline of serum PP10 concentration corresponded to an
      average half-life of 18 h. In cholestasis of pregnancy at 32-39 weeks, the serum
      PP10 levels were found to be lower than normal. Negative correlation was observed
      between aminotransferase and PP10 levels in serum and between the bile acid
      levels and the PP10 concentration. These results suggest that the severity of
      maternal liver disorder is reflected in the circulating PP10 concentration.

PMID- 4063231
TI  - Placental protein 12 (PP12): a new test for the prediction of the small-for
      gestational-age infant.
AB  - The circulating levels of placental protein 12 (PP12) and placental lactogen
      (hPL) were measured in 501 women between 36 and 41 weeks gestation. There was a
      significant positive association between hPL levels and infant birthweight and a
      significant negative association in the case of PP12 levels. The clinical
      efficiency of elevated PP12 levels in the prediction of low-birthweight infant at
      term compared favourably with that of reduced hPL levels.

PMID- 4063232
TI  - Distribution of placental protein 14 in tissues and body fluids during pregnancy.
AB  - Placental protein 14 (PP14) levels were measured in serum samples from non
      pregnant and pregnant women, amniotic fluid, cord blood, and extracts of
      placenta, decidua and fetal membranes. The levels were low (15-40 micrograms/l)
      in serum of non-pregnant women. In four pregnancies following in-vitro
      fertilization, the serum PP14 levels started to rise 2-12 days after embryo
      replacement. In normal pregnancy, the highest serum PP14 concentrations (up to
      2200 micrograms/l) were detected between 6 and 12 weeks. After 16 weeks the level
      decreased and plateaued at 24 weeks to around 200 micrograms/l. In amniotic
      fluid, the highest PP14 levels (232 mg/l) were found between 12 and 20 weeks,
      being considerably higher than those in maternal serum throughout pregnancy. In
      cord blood, the levels were low (15-22 micrograms/l) or undetectable. In early
      pregnancy decidua, the PP14 content was higher (41-160 mg/g total protein) than
      in late pregnancy decidua (60-2700 micrograms/g total protein). In amnion and
      chorion laeve, the PP14 concentration varied from 50 to 750 and 50 to 1000
      micrograms/g protein, respectively. Early pregnancy placenta contained 0.25-15
      mg/g and late pregnancy placenta 3-430 micrograms/g protein of PP14. These
      results show that the levels of PP14 in pregnancy serum have a similar profile to
      hCG, but in contrast to other placental proteins, the amniotic fluid PP14 levels
      are remarkably high. This may be explained by suggesting that decidua is a source
      of PP14.

PMID- 4063233
TI  - Non-stress antenatal cardiotocography--a prospective blind study.
AB  - A prospective blind study of non-stress antenatal cardiotocography was undertaken
      in a group of 216 'high risk' pregnancies. The 'Cardiff' scores and the outcome
      of the pregnancies were compared subsequently. Low scores were associated with
      infants that were small-for-gestational age and fetal distress in labour, while
      high scores were associated with normal intrauterine growth. Although antepartum
      cardiotocography is predictive of fetal and neonatal outcome the extent to which
      its availability will prevent adverse outcome appears limited.

PMID- 4063234
TI  - Effect of oral clonidine on human cardiovascular responsiveness: a possible
      explanation of the therapeutic action of the drug in menopausal flushing and
      migraine.
AB  - The effect of an alpha-adrenergic agonist, clonidine hydrochloride, on
      cardiovascular responses to noradrenaline, adrenaline and angiotensin was
      investigated in menopausal women with hot flushes. The increase in forearm blood
      flow induced by adrenaline, noradrenaline or angiotensin was significantly less
      in women treated for at least 6 weeks with clonidine compared with that induced
      in the women by infusions given before treatment. Pulse rate during the amine
      infusions was significantly lower after clonidine treatment but constrictor
      responses in the hand were unchanged. These findings cannot be wholly explained
      in terms of an action of clonidine confined to adrenergic mechanisms and suggest
      that the drug may influence peripheral vascular responsiveness. Such an effect
      could explain the mechanism of the beneficial clinical action of the drug in
      subjects with menopausal flushing or migraine.

PMID- 4063235
TI  - Lateral bead-chain urethrocystography after successful and unsuccessful
      colposuspension.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients were studied after colposuspension with lateral bead-chain
      urethrocystography. Successful operation, compared with unsuccessful operation,
      repositioned the bladder neck significantly closer to the posterosuperior surface
      of the symphysis pubis, though not significantly higher. After successful
      colposuspension, the proximal urethra is exposed to compression against the
      symphysis pubis by the momentary descent of the pelvic viscera during physical
      effort. Failure of the colposuspension was usually due to an inadequate
      repositioning of the bladder neck.

PMID- 4063236
TI  - Mechanism of urinary continence after colposuspension: barrier studies.
AB  - To test the postulate that colposuspension cures genuine stress incontinence by
      repositioning the proximal urethra against the posterosuperior surface of the
      symphysis pubis, 48 patients cured by colposuspension were studied to note the
      effects of a barrier placed in the vagina to interrupt the posterior route of
      force transmission. The barrier reduced peak transmission by 59% (P less than
      0.0001). When the barrier was used to block compression by the high cystocoele,
      stress incontinence recurred transiently in 90% of patients. These results
      confirm Hilton's postulate (1981) that colposuspension constructs a novel,
      mechanical urinary sphincter rather than restoring normal sphincter function.

PMID- 4063237
TI  - Clinical and urodynamic assessment of the porcine dermis bladder sling in the
      treatment of genuine stress incontinence.
AB  - Fifty women, aged between 37 and 76 years, underwent a bladder sling operation
      for urinary incontinence using porcine dermis. All patients had undergone
      previous unsuccessful vaginal surgery for genuine stress incontinence and had
      stable bladders. Thirty-nine patients (78%) were made continent of urine, both
      subjectively and on urodynamic testing.

PMID- 4063238
TI  - Pregnancy complicated by Cushing's syndrome: potential hazard of metyrapone
      therapy. Case report.

PMID- 4063239
TI  - Delivery as a cause of exercise-induced anaphylactoid reaction: case report.

PMID- 4063240
TI  - Control of bleeding in cervical pregnancy: two case reports.

PMID- 4063241
TI  - Massive vulval condylomata acuminata in a 10-months-old child with suspected
      sexual abuse. Case report.

PMID- 4063242
TI  - New instrument: Wellington Hospital vaginal retractor.

PMID- 4063243
TI  - A randomized controlled trial of cervical cerclage in women at high risk of
      spontaneous preterm delivery. Multicentred controlled trial of cervical cerclage
      in women at moderate risk of preterm delivery.

PMID- 4063244
TI  - Temporary balloon buckle.

PMID- 4063245
TI  - Results of 100 aphakic detachments treated with a temporary balloon buckle: a
      case against routine encircling operations.
AB  - One hundred patients with aphakic detachment were treated with temporary balloon
      buckles. The balloons were deflated and withdrawn after seven to 10 days.
      Permanent attachment depended on cryo- or laser-induced adhesions round the
      break. The procedure was initially successful in 79 patients. Ten retinas became
      detached again after the balloon was withdrawn and required a more permanent
      buckle. Sixty-nine retinas remained attached. The final results after additional
      operations were equivalent to those obtained by traditional methods, but
      significantly fewer complications occurred. The balloon procedure tests the
      validity of routinely encircling aphakic detachment.

PMID- 4063246
TI  - Cilioretinal collateral circulation after occlusion of the central retinal
      artery.
AB  - Two elderly patients were noted to have unilateral central retinal arterial
      narrowing with cilioretinal arterial collaterals supplying the bulk of the flow
      to the inner retina. One patient had excellent acuity and normal pupillary
      reactions; the other had marked impairment of vision and an afferent pupillary
      defect. Both patients were asymptomatic. We suggest that these patients had
      gradual or partial central retinal arterial occlusion which allowed the
      development of a collateral arterial supply from the ciliary system.

PMID- 4063248
TI  - Variability of the hill of vision and its significance in automated perimetry.
AB  - It has been assumed that the retinal threshold sensitivity profile is a standard
      which decreases predictably with age. On this basis the significance of relative
      scotomata is decided on certain types of perimeter. The hill of vision was
      measured in 128 healthy eyes on the Dicon 2000 autoperimeter. We found a large
      variation between individuals, with no relationship to age. The relevance of the
      findings to automated perimetry are discussed.

PMID- 4063247
TI  - Natural history of fibrocellular epiretinal membranes: a quantitative,
      autoradiographic, and immunohistochemical study.
AB  - Quantitative, autoradiographic, or immunohistochemical light microscopy was
      conducted on 85 surgically excised epiretinal membranes to investigate the
      activities of component cells and the natural history of the extraretinal scars.
      Membranes of less than four months' clinical duration ('early' membranes)
      contained significantly more cells than 'late' membranes, while collagen was more
      abundant in the older specimens. No correlation was established between membrane
      opacification and either the cellularity or the collagen content of the
      membranes. Epiretinal membranes had some features in common with healing skin
      wounds, but the activities of cells in the epiretinal membranes were relatively
      protracted and disordered. Fibronectin was found to be a significant component of
      epiretinal membranes and therefore represents a target at which pharmacological
      intervention could be aimed.

PMID- 4063249
TI  - Progression of field loss after trabeculectomy: a five-year follow-up.
AB  - We report a retrospective study of 60 eyes from 46 patients all with primary open
      angle glaucoma who had a trabeculectomy to one or both eyes. A minimum five-year
      follow-up was available. The percentage pressure reductions at the one and five
      years postoperatively is shown. In a subgroup of 50 eyes which had Goldman fields
      documented at least six-monthly for a minimum of five years postoperatively there
      was a continuation of glaucomatous field loss in 18% of eyes despite
      postoperative pressures in the normal range. The five-year percentage pressure
      reduction and the minimum percentage pressure reductions were statistically
      significant in a comparison between the field loss and no field loss groups.
      However, in the individual case there seemed no way of predicting which eyes
      would develop postoperative field loss, and regular postoperative perimetric
      assessment was found to be essential whatever the pressure measurements recorded.

PMID- 4063250
TI  - Patterns of lacrimal dysfunction in primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - The lacrimal function has been evaluated in 23 patients suffering from primary
      biliary cirrhosis by rose bengal test, the Schirmer test 1, and the tear breakup
      time. Ocular dryness was present in 78% of cases studied. No difference was found
      with respect to the length or severity of the hepatic involvement between
      patients with and without lacrimal dysfunction, but in patients with signs of
      hypolacrimation the changes in the lacrimal tests increased with the duration and
      histological progression of liver disease.

PMID- 4063251
TI  - Clinically unsuspected phacoanaphylaxis after extracapsular cataract extraction
      with intraocular lens implantation.
AB  - We describe the histopathological findings of an enucleation specimen from a
      clinically undiagnosed case of phacoanaphylaxis which occurred after
      extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation.
      Phacoanaphylaxis, a granulomatous inflammatory response to liberated lens
      protein, is potentially curable by prompt removal of residual lens material. This
      case emphasises that the diagnosis of phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis should be
      considered in any case of extracapsular cataract extraction complicated by
      granulomatous intraocular inflammation.

PMID- 4063253
TI  - One year in an eye casualty clinic.
AB  - A survey of patients visiting the eye casualty clinic of the Leicester Royal
      Infirmary was conducted during a one-year period. Demographic and clinical data
      were collected for 6576 patients. Data were recorded by both medical and clerical
      personnel during each patient visit. In addition to reporting the main
      demographic variables in the study, the most common diagnoses and occupations
      were analysed separately. The main diagnoses fell into two groups: trauma and
      acute infection/inflammation. The frequency of eye trauma in males was twice that
      in females. Trauma in adults was strongly influenced by occupation. Common
      occupations presenting with eye injury were press and machine tool operators,
      motor vehicle and aircraft mechanics, metal and sheet metal workers, construction
      and general labourers, electricians, welders, bus/lorry drivers and
      painter/decorators. Infections were in general distributed evenly throughout the
      population. The most common infection reported was acute conjunctivitis.

PMID- 4063252
TI  - Effect of hyperthermia on experimental choroidal melanoma.
AB  - Thirty-five rabbit eyes were implanted subchoroidally with Greene's hamster
      melanoma. When the tumours reached a base diameter of 5 mm, they were treated
      with ultrasonically induced hyperthermia with a range of temperatures and
      exposure durations (43-67 degrees C and 75 s to 60 min). Of the 23 treated eyes
      examined two months after treatment eight showed complete regression of the
      tumour. Seven showed initial tumour regression, but there was subsequent regrowth
      of tumour round the margins of the original mass. In eight eyes the tumour
      continued to grow, though in some cases the rate of growth appeared to be slower
      than in the controls. In contrast, in all untreated animals the tumour grew to
      fill the vitreous cavity. These preliminary findings indicate that ultrasonically
      induced hyperthermia can be an effective local treatment of this intraocular
      tumour model.

PMID- 4063254
TI  - Dietary supplementation increases milk output in the rat.
AB  - The effects of dietary supplementation on milk output and maternal body
      composition were investigated in the lactating rat. The supplement was a cooked
      homogeneous mixture of eggs and maize oil, and had the same protein-energy: total
      energy value as the control diet. During 2-12 d post partum rats were fed ad
      lib., either on the control diet alone or on the control diet plus the
      supplement. Measurements were made of milk output using an isotope-dilution
      technique, milk composition, and dam and litter body-composition changes.
      Compared with the dams receiving only the control diet, dams provided with the
      supplement consumed 19.7% more energy and protein and produced 31.2% more milk
      and mobilized less body fat. By 12 d of age, pups in litters of dams receiving
      the supplement were significantly heavier than those in litters of dams receiving
      the control diet only, and they contained more protein and more fat. It is
      concluded that dietary supplementation of lactating rats can enhance lactational
      performance.

PMID- 4063255
TI  - Effect of riboflavin deficiency on lipid metabolism of liver and brown adipose
      tissue of sucking rat pups.
AB  - An increase in liver: body-weight and in hepatic triacylglycerol content,
      together with changes in the fatty acid profiles of hepatic phospholipids, were
      observed as a result of moderate riboflavin deficiency in sucking rat pups.
      Oxygen consumption by hepatic mitochondria, with palmitoyl L-carnitine as
      substrate, was not significantly impaired. Mitochondria from interscapular brown
      adipose tissue, however, showed a marked impairment of O2 consumption, with
      palmitoyl L-carnitine as substrate, in the riboflavin-deficient pups. This
      impairment was also apparent after uncoupling with carbonyl cyanide p
      trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, but was not consistently observed after the
      addition of GDP to suppress uncoupled oxidation. It was much less evident, and
      did not reach statistical significance, for the mitochondria of brown adipose
      tissue of the corresponding deficient dams. Binding of 3H-labelled GDP by brown
      adipose tissue mitochondria was unaffected by riboflavin deficiency in the pups,
      suggesting that the effect on O2 consumption is more likely to be due to impaired
      integrity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, than to impairment of the
      specific capacity for uncoupling of respiration which is characteristic of brown
      adipose tissue mitochondria. Total cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) activity of
      the brown adipose tissue of riboflavin-deficient pups was not significantly
      reduced. A small but significant impairment was observed in the stimulation of
      whole-body O2 consumption by injected noradrenaline in the riboflavin-deficient
      pups, suggesting that the impairment of brown adipose tissue mitochondrial
      function may be accompanied by impaired physiological capacity in vivo.

PMID- 4063256
TI  - The effect of iron substrate on mitochondrial haem synthesis in copper
      deficiency.
AB  - Studies of iron utilization and haem synthesis were carried out with hepatic
      mitochondria obtained from copper-deficient and pair-fed control rats. Ferric
      chloride can be used as Fe substrate for mitochondrial haem synthesis in the
      presence of succinate. Utilization is further enhanced by the addition of FMN.
      Ferritin does not support haem synthesis in the presence of succinate alone, but
      does support haem synthesis when FMN is added. Mitochondrial haem synthesis is
      impaired in Cu deficiency when either FeCl3 or homologous ferritin is used as Fe
      substrate. The results of the present study suggest that impaired haem synthesis
      in Cu deficiency occurs at a step following the chemical reduction of Fe
      substrate.

PMID- 4063257
TI  - The digestion of protein in young pigs and the utilization of dietary methionine.
AB  - Forty pigs between 23 and 51 d of age were given ad lib. diets containing wheat
      and one of five protein concentrates: meat meal A, meat meal B, soya-bean meal,
      milk and lupins (Lupinus augustifolius). Twenty of these pigs were given
      indigestible markers from 51 to 56 d of age and were killed at 56 d of age. The
      diets containing meat meals A and B, soya-bean meal and milk contained 2.3 g
      total methionine/kg and the diet containing lupins contained 2.1 g/kg. A further
      forty pigs of the same age were given the same diets supplemented with 1 g
      synthetic methionine/kg. The weight gains and feed conversion ratios of the pigs
      given the diets containing 2.1-2.3 g methionine and 3.1-3.3 g methionine/kg were
      not significantly different. The weight gains of the pigs given lupins (2.1 g
      methionine/kg) were less than those of the pigs given the diets containing 2.3 g
      methionine/kg. The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) and nitrogen was
      less for the diets containing the meat meals (0.75 and 0.78 respectively) than
      for those containing the other protein concentrates (0.80 and 0.84). The
      retention times in the large intestine of the diets containing soya-bean meal and
      lupins were 965 and 1083 min which were greater than those of the diets
      containing the other protein concentrates, mean 732 min. The major site of N
      digestion and absorption for the diet containing milk was the area of the small
      intestine 25-50% of total length from the pylorus, while for the other protein
      concentrates the major site was 50-75% of its total length from the pylorus. The
      digestion and absorption of N in the large intestine was less (3.4%) for the diet
      containing milk than for those containing the other protein concentrates (7.5
      11.3%). The apparent digestibility of the methionine to the ileum for the five
      diets ranged from 0.74 to 0.86 while the calculated retention of the apparently
      absorbed methionine was 1.00. It was suggested that methionine digestibility
      could be used as an indicator of availability. The calculated retention of
      apparently absorbed N in the carcass was 0.71 for the pigs given the diet
      containing milk and 0.51-0.58 for the pigs given the other diets.

PMID- 4063258
TI  - Some effects of vitamin E and selenium deprivation on tissue enzyme levels and
      indices of tissue peroxidation in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).
AB  - Duplicate groups of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) (mean weight 11 g) were given
      for 40 weeks one of four partially purified diets that were either adequate or
      low in selenium or vitamin E or both. Weight gains of trout given the dually
      deficient diet were significantly lower than those of trout given a complete diet
      or a diet deficient in Se. No mortalities occurred and the only pathology seen
      was exudative diathesis in the dually deficient trout. There was significant
      interaction between the two nutrients both with respect to packed cell volume and
      to malondialdehyde formation in the in vitro NADPH-dependent microsomal lipid
      peroxidation system. Tissue levels of vitamin E and Se decreased to very low
      levels in trout given diets lacking these nutrients. For plasma there was a
      significant effect of dietary vitamin E on Se concentration. Glutathione (GSH)
      peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) activity in liver and plasma was significantly lower in
      trout receiving low dietary Se but was independent of vitamin E intake. The
      ratios of hepatic GSH peroxidase activity measured with cumene hydroperoxide and
      hydrogen peroxide were the same for all treatments. This confirms the absence of
      a Se-independent GSH peroxidase activity in trout liver. Se deficiency did not
      lead to any compensatory increase in hepatic GSH transferase (EC 2.5.1.18)
      activity; values were essentially the same in all treatments. Plasma pyruvate
      kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) activity increased significantly in the trout deficient in
      both nutrients. This was thought to be due to leakage of the enzyme from the
      muscle and may be indicative of incipient (subclinical) muscle damage.

PMID- 4063259
TI  - Influences of cold exposure on digestion of organic matter, rates of passage of
      digesta in the gastrointestinal tract, and feeding and rumination behaviour in
      sheep given four forage diets in the chopped, or ground and pelleted form.
AB  - Sixteen sheep, each fitted with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum, were
      given four diets in the chopped or ground and pelleted form, at fixed intakes at
      intervals of 2 h. The sheep were closely shorn and exposed to temperatures of 22
      25 degrees or 1-4 degrees for four periods of 45 d. Flow of duodenal digesta by
      reference to the markers CoEDTA and 103Ru-phenanthroline, chewing behaviour and
      particle size of rumen and duodenal digesta were measured. Apparent digestibility
      of organic matter (OM) in the gastrointestinal tract was depressed (P less than
      0.05) by grinding and pelleting the diet, and by exposure of sheep to cold
      ambient temperatures. This was attributable to depression (P less than 0.01) by
      0.1 of OM digestion in the reticulo-rumen. No effects on intestinal digestion of
      OM were observed. Cold ambient temperatures did not affect the content, but
      increased the rate of digestion for pelleted diets but not for chopped diets, of
      potentially-degradable cell-wall constituents of ground dietary material
      incubated in nylon-bags in the rumen. Retention times of markers of the
      particulate and liquid phases of rumen digesta were not significantly (P less
      than 0.05) affected by ambient temperature, despite significant (P less than
      0.001) increases in the rate of contraction of the reticulum. Retention time of
      103Ru-phenanthroline in the intestines was not affected by cold exposure. Cold
      exposure was associated with depression (P less than 0.05) of volatile fatty
      acids concentration in the rumen and elevated (P less than 0.05)pH. Molar
      proportions of acetic and isovaleric acid were reduced (P less than 0.01),
      accompanied by increased (P less than 0.001) proportions of propionic acid during
      cold exposure. Cold exposure and pelleting of the diets were both associated with
      reduction in digesta particle size in the rumen. Duodenal particle size was not
      affected by cold exposure. Pelleting of the diet markedly reduced (P less than
      0.001) duration of chewing and number of chews/d during eating and rumination.
      Cold exposure of sheep resulted in a faster (P less than 0.01) rate of eating of
      the diets. When allowed to express their voluntary feed consumption during a 10 d
      period, intakes of chopped diets were increased by 0.13 (P less than 0.01) by
      cold exposure, in contrast to lack of significant change in sheep given
      pellets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4063261
TI  - Is diet-induced thermogenesis an experimental artefact?

PMID- 4063260
TI  - Urea turnover and transfer to the digestive tract in the rabbit.
AB  - 14C and 15N isotopes of urea were infused intravenously into rabbits for 6-8 h in
      order to measure urea synthesis and the extent of degradation in the digestive
      tract. The results indicate that 0.62 of the urea flux was excreted in the urine
      and that re-incorporation of urea-N following hydrolysis in the gut represented
      0.3 of the urea synthesis rate. Sampling of metabolites from the caecum by
      dialysis provided an opportunity to assess the contribution of urea-N to the
      caecal ammonia pool. This contribution is calculated to be 0.25 of caecal ammonia
      turnover. Infusion of a urease (EC 3.5.1.5) inhibitor during a continuous
      infusion of [14C]urea into the caecum permitted the measurement of urea turnover
      within the caecum. Results obtained for urea entry into the caecum are contrasted
      with the measured urea degradation rate in the gut.

PMID- 4063262
TI  - Effects of meal consumption on whole body leucine and alanine kinetics in young
      adult men.
AB  - The effects of meal consumption on plasma leucine and alanine kinetics were
      studied using a simultaneous, primed, continuous infusion of L-[1-13C]leucine and
      L-[3,3,3-2H3]alanine in four healthy, young, adult male subjects. The study
      included an evaluation of the effect of sampling site on plasma amino acid
      kinetics, with blood being drawn simultaneously from an antecubital and dorsal
      heated hand vein. In comparison with the postabsorptive state, the ingestion of
      small hourly meals resulted in a 35% increase in plasma leucine flux and a 77%
      increase in leucine oxidation. Calculated entry of leucine into the plasma
      compartment from endogenous sources decreased by 65%. Plasma alanine flux more
      than doubled, indicating a significant enhancement in de novo alanine synthesis.
      13C enrichment of leucine in venous and arterialized plasma did not differ
      significantly, but alanine flux calculated from isotopic measurement in venous
      plasma was substantially greater than that based on analysis of arterialized
      blood plasma.

PMID- 4063263
TI  - Gluconeogenesis from caecal propionate in the horse.
AB  - The production of propionate in the caecum of the horse has been measured in two
      Shetland-type ponies fitted with caecal and colonic cannulas and fed on hay or on
      hay and wheat bran. A continuous intracaecal infusion of 14C-labelled sodium
      propionate was used and samples were obtained from a cannula at the origin of the
      right ventral colon. A simultaneous intravenous infusion of [2-3H]glucose was
      used to measure total glucose entry. On a hay diet which provided 177 kJ/kg body
      weight per d, mean caecal propionate production was 19.6 (range 17.2-21.2) mg/h
      per kg body-weight and on a hay and wheat bran diet, which provided 187 kJ/kg
      body-weight per d, mean caecal propionate production was 34.0 (range 28.9-38.3)
      mg/h per kg body-weight. Mean total glucose production (mg/h per kg body-weight)
      in one pony was 104 (range 100-110) and in the other 135 (range 123-153). Rates
      were not influenced by diet. About 7% of total glucose production was derived
      from propionate produced in the caecum and this percentage was unaffected by diet
      or by individual animals.

PMID- 4063264
TI  - Differences in intestinal protein synthesis and cellular proliferation in well
      nourished rats consuming conventional laboratory diets.
AB  - Male Wistar rats (100 g) were given a commercial pellet feed or a semi-synthetic
      diet ad lib. Although the pellet-fed group grew slightly faster than the other
      group during the early part of the feeding period, there was no significantly
      difference between the final weights of the groups. The fractional rates of
      protein synthesis in jejunum, proximal ileum and liver were measured by a
      technique based on the determination of L-[4-3H]phenylalanine incorporation over
      a short time period. Protein synthesis was higher in both jejunum and ileum of
      the pellet-fed rats compared with those eating the semi-synthetic diet, but there
      was no difference between the rates of protein synthesis measured in the livers
      of the groups. The rate of mucosal cell division was significantly faster in the
      ileal mucosa of the pellet-fed group compared with the other group, and there
      were significant differences in some aspects of mucosal morphology. The
      maintenance of higher rates of cell turnover and protein synthesis in animals
      given a commercial pellet feed is unexplained, but it may be related to the
      presence of non-absorbable polysaccharides or other complex plant materials in
      the pellet feed.

PMID- 4063265
TI  - Effect of riboflavin deficiency on reproductive performance and on biochemical
      indices of riboflavin status in the rat.
AB  - Young female rats were made riboflavin-deficient by feeding a purified diet
      containing casein (210 g/kg). This basal diet provided 0.40 mg riboflavin/kg
      diet, to which was added additional riboflavin at 0, 0.12 or 0.25 mg/kg diet.
      Control animals received the same diet with 15 mg added riboflavin/kg. The diets
      were given for 4 weeks before mating, then throughout pregnancy and for 15 d of
      lactation. With no added riboflavin in the diet, reproduction was severely
      impaired and fetal resorption was usually observed. With 0.12 mg added
      riboflavin/kg diet, however, reproduction was usually successful, and the growth
      of dams and pups was only marginally depressed in comparison with pair-fed
      controls optimally supplied with riboflavin. The activation coefficient
      (stimulated:basal activity) of erythrocyte glutathione reductase (NAD(P)H) (EC
      1.6.4.2) was high, and the concentration of riboflavin in the liver was
      correspondingly low in the dams receiving diets containing 0.12 or 0.25 mg added
      riboflavin/kg and in their sucking pups at 15 d post partum. Riboflavin levels in
      the milk from both groups of dams were about eightfold lower than in controls.
      There was little evidence that the sucking pups could maintain their riboflavin
      level at the expense of that in the maternal tissues.

PMID- 4063266
TI  - Selenium status in vegans and lactovegetarians.
AB  - Plasma and urinary selenium were determined among vegans, lactovegetarians and
      several groups of omnivorous subjects, using gas-liquid chromatography. Plasma Se
      was lower among lactovegetarians (0.80 (SD 0.18) mumol/l) than in the other
      groups (0.98 (SD 0.15) mumol/l). This was not related to Se intake, since the
      vegans had a lower and the lactovegetarians a higher intake of Se than omnivorous
      subjects in Sweden. Urinary Se was 0.36 (SD 0.10) mumol/d for controls, 0.17 (SD
      0.10) mumol/d for vegans and 0.16 (SD 0.07) mumol/d for lactovegetarians. No
      relation between dietary Se and urinary Se was observed. Among vegetarians,
      plasma Se and urinary Se were correlated (r 0.51; P less than 0.05).

PMID- 4063267
TI  - The effects of dietary restriction and exercise on the volume of adipocytes in
      two intra-orbital depots in the guinea-pig.
AB  - The volume of adipocytes in two intra-orbital sites and fourteen superficial and
      intra-abdominal sites, and the total adipocyte complement have been measured in
      virgin and reproductive guinea-pigs maintained on several different regimens of
      diet and exercise. The adipocytes around the ocular muscles at the back of the
      orbit (peripheral fat) are always larger than those just behind the eyeball
      (orbital fat). The adipocytes in both the intra-orbital sites are significantly
      larger in guinea-pigs whose total adipocyte complement is smaller than one
      standard deviation from the mean, than in those which have a normal-size or large
      adipocyte complement. The volume of intra-orbital adipocytes correlates very
      significantly with the volume of adipocytes in superficial and intra-abdominal
      sites in guinea-pigs which have large adipocyte complements, correlates weakly in
      those with normal adipocyte complements and not at all in those with small
      adipocyte complements. It is suggested that there may be fewer intra-orbital
      adipocytes in animals which have small adipocyte complements, and that, because
      the intra-orbital adipose tissue occupies a constant volume, the adipocytes in
      these sites become larger when they are less numerous.

PMID- 4063268
TI  - The effect of dietary guar gum on the activities of some key enzymes of
      carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in mouse liver.
AB  - The effects of a 100 g/kg substitution of guar gum on the body-weight gain, food
      consumption and faecal dry weight of mice fed on a high-sucrose diet and on the
      activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), 6
      phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44), malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate
      decarboxylating) (NADP+) (EC 1.1.1.40), ATP-citrate (pro-3S)-lyase (EC 4.1.3.8),
      6-phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11), pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) and fructose
      1, 6-bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) were studied. Guar gum had no effect on body
      weight gain or food consumption but increased faecal dry weight. Guar gum
      increased the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malate
      dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+) and 6-phosphofructokinase
      expressed on a wet-liver-weight basis. Guar gum increased the activities of
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate
      decarboxylating)(NADP+), ATP-citrate (pro-3S)-lyase and 6-phosphofructokinase
      expressed on a liver-protein basis. Guar gum increased the activities of glucose
      6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate
      decarboxylating)(NADP+) expressed on a body-weight basis. These results suggest
      that guar gum increases the flux through some pathways of hepatic lipogenesis
      when mice are fed on high-sucrose diets.

PMID- 4063269
TI  - Modifications in plasma cholesterol and apolipoproteins of hypercholesterolaemic
      rats induced by ethanol-soluble factors of Vicia faba.
AB  - High-fat-high-cholesterol diets containing casein or a Vicia faba bean (faba
      bean) protein concentrate as the protein source were given to rats for 5 weeks.
      When the faba bean protein concentrate or its ethanol extract was present in the
      diet, a marked decrease was found in the level of circulating cholesterol
      associated with the lower-density lipoproteins (very-low-, intermediate- and low
      density lipoproteins) compared with the level found on the diets containing
      casein or the faba bean protein concentrate deprived of ethanol-soluble factors.
      Alterations in apoprotein pattern were detected after the different dietary
      treatments. In particular, apoA-I appeared in an unusual form with
      electrophoretic mobility faster than normal in all lipoprotein fractions after
      feeding the diets that did not lower plasma cholesterol. When the diets contained
      the faba bean protein concentrate or its ethanol extract, the apoA-I disappeared
      from the lower-density lipoproteins but its normal form and the unusual one were
      apparent in the high-density lipoproteins. A moderate increase in faecal
      excretion of acidic steroids was found after feeding the diets containing the
      ethanol-soluble factors, irrespective of the protein source. The results are
      discussed in relation to the presence of saponin and polyunsaturated lecithin in
      the ethanol extract of the faba bean protein concentrate.

PMID- 4063270
TI  - The effect of overfeeding newborn rabbits on the rate of skeletal maturation, as
      determined using a radiographic technique.
AB  - Newborn rabbits were overfed by encouraging them to suck from two lactating does.
      These double-fed rabbits were compared with single-fed litter-mate controls. A
      standard set of fore- and hind-foot radiographs was obtained by taking daily
      radiographs from a normal litter and selecting the most representative film to
      act as a standard for that day. Bone age was assessed in single- and double-fed
      rabbits at ages 7, 14, and 21 d by comparing radiographs taken at these ages with
      the standard films. Double-feeding was associated with an increase in body-weight
      and an increase in bone age, although the former was increased to a much greater
      extent than the latter. The advance in bone age was proportional to an increase
      in bone length. There is little information available on overnutrition and
      skeletal maturation in man, but what information is available suggests that
      height and skeletal maturation are increased in parallel. The present study with
      rabbits supports the concept that overnutrition increases growth rate but does
      not disturb the relation between bone growth and bone age. Bone age can be
      assessed very sensitively in rabbits using the previously-described technique. It
      would therefore be a valuable technique for studying the endocrinology of
      skeletal maturation.

PMID- 4063271
TI  - What sort of teenager has low intakes of energy nutrients?
AB  - An alternative statistical technique, based on analysis of the 25th percentile,
      was used to examine teenagers' diets. The technique was developed to identify
      personal characteristics that affected the prevalence of low energy and nutrient
      intakes. It provided useful information not obtainable from methods based on
      average intakes. The study sample was a representative sample of 1055 high-school
      students in Tasmania, Australia, aged 11-16 years. Among girls, different
      characteristics had the greatest influence on the prevalence of low intakes
      ('low' being defined as below the 25th percentile for girls). Fatness had the
      greatest influence for several dietary components. Fatter girls were more likely
      to have low intakes of energy, carbohydrate, iron, calcium and niacin-equivalent,
      and also of 'empty-energy' foods. School type had the greatest influence for fat,
      riboflavin and vitamin A. Exercise had the greatest influence for protein, low
      intakes being more usual among the least active girls. Among boys, height and age
      generally had the greatest influence on the prevalence of low intakes ('low'
      being defined as below the 25th percentile for boys). Taller and older boys were
      less likely to have low intakes. This was attributed partly to increased
      physiological needs, but peer-group influences appeared more important in
      relation to food choices. Thiamin was unusual, in that recent use of analgesics
      had the greatest influence on the prevalence of low intakes.

PMID- 4063272
TI  - Studies on the energy metabolism of the pregnant sow. 1. Uterus and mammary
      tissue development.
AB  - Twenty-six gilts were used in an experiment to study the effects of level of feed
      intake on the growth and chemical composition of the gravid uterus and mammary
      tissue at several stages of gestation. The animals were given either 1.8 or 2.5
      kg feed/d (20 or 30 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) respectively) and were
      slaughtered at intervals between days 40 and 110 of gestation. The gravid uterus
      was dissected into fetal, placental, fluid and empty uterus components. From day
      70 of gestation the mammary tissue was also dissected. The fresh weight and dry
      matter (DM), energy and nitrogen contents of the various tissues were determined.
      With the exception of the fluid component, there was a significant increase (P
      less than 0.01) in the fresh weight of each tissue with both stage of gestation
      and level of feeding. At comparable litter sizes the total weight of the fetuses
      in late gestation was 16% higher with the higher feed intake. The DM content of
      the individual uterine tissues increased significantly (P less than 0.01) with
      increase in stage of gestation so that the mean DM content of the gravid uterus
      increased from 74.6 g/kg at day 50 to 103.1 and 159.0 g/kg at days 90 and 110 of
      gestation respectively. Neither stage of gestation nor feeding level influenced
      the respective energy contents of the individual uterine tissues, when expressed
      per g DM. The mean energy content of the total gravid uterus was 19.5 kJ/g DM.
      The N content (g/g fresh weight) of the tissues increased with stage of gestation
      and was generally higher at the higher feeding level. The mean N contents (g/g
      DM) of the fetal, placental, fluid and empty uterine tissues were 0.090, 0.101,
      0.098 and 0.128 respectively. The mammary tissue was the most variable of all the
      tissues investigated. Whereas the fresh weight and N content increased with stage
      of gestation, both the DM and energy content decreased. Gompertz equations were
      fitted to describe the effects of stage of gestation, level of feed intake and
      liter size on the fresh weight and chemical content of the individual uterine
      tissues, total gravid uterus and mammary tissue. The use of these equations for
      calculating the nutrient requirements of pregnancy is demonstrated. It was
      calculated that between days 50 and 110 of gestation the ME requirement for
      reproduction increased from 3 to 12% of maternal energy intake. The calculated
      requirement for protein was from 7 to 41% of maternal dietary protein intake
      respectively.

PMID- 4063273
TI  - Studies on the energy metabolism of the pregnant sow. 2. The partition and
      utilization of metabolizable energy intake in pregnant and non-pregnant animals.
AB  - The heat losses and energy and nitrogen balances of pregnant gilts, and of their
      non-pregnant litter sisters (controls), were measured for periods of 7 d at feed
      intakes of 1.8 or 2.5 kg/d (20 or 30 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) respectively)
      at an environmental temperature of 20 degrees. The measurements were made within
      three separate periods of gestation; 40-60 d (early), 60-80 d (mid) and 90-110 d
      (late). Values for ME intake, heat loss, energy retention (ER), protein
      deposition and fat deposition were determined for both the pregnant and control
      animals on each treatment. When expressed per kg body-weight0.75 per d, there was
      little difference in heat loss between pregnant and non-pregnant animals and
      between pregnant animals at the different stages of gestation at any given ME
      intake. However, heat loss was higher at the higher ME intake. ER varied
      inversely with heat loss. The decrease in ME intake (kJ/kg body-weight0.75 per d)
      during pregnancy resulted in a decrease in ER so that the pregnant animals were
      in negative energy balance at the low feed intake during late gestation. From the
      relation between ER and ME intake, estimates of the maintenance energy
      requirement (MEm) of 411 and 401 kJ/kg body-weight0.75 per d were calculated,
      with corresponding partial efficiencies of energy utilization (k) of 0.74 and
      0.68 for the pregnant and non-pregnant animals respectively. For the pregnant
      animals, protein deposition was highest during mid-pregnancy and was relatively
      independent of level of feeding during mid- and late pregnancy. There was little
      difference in protein deposition between pregnant and non-pregnant animals at the
      high feed intake. At the low feed intake, the pregnant animals generally had a
      higher protein deposition than their non-pregnant litter sisters and this was
      entirely associated with the accretion in reproductive tissue. Fat deposition
      depended on the level of feeding, and at any given ME intake was similar for
      pregnant and control animals. In late gestation the low level of feeding was
      insufficient to prevent the pregnant animals losing fat. It was calculated that
      at term these animals lost 140 g fat/d from maternal stores. From the relation
      between ME intake and protein and fat deposition, estimates of MEm and the
      energetic efficiencies of protein (kp) and fat (kf) deposition were determined.
      There was little difference in MEm (422 and 420 kJ/kg body-weight 0.75 per d) and
      kf (0.88 and 0.90) between pregnant and non-pregnant animals
      respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4063274
TI  - Resting heat production in Bos indicus and their F1 crosses with exotic breeds at
      a thermoneutral environment.
AB  - Resting heat production, 18 h post-feeding, was studied in Hariana cattle (Bos
      indicus; Zebu) and in their F1 crosses with Jersey, Brown Swiss and Holstein
      Friesian, at 18.5 degrees ambient temperature in a psychometric chamber at
      different ages. There was no significant change in the resting heat production on
      a per kg body-weight (W) 0.75 per 24 h basis from 16-19 to 37-40 months of age in
      any of the genetic groups. The daily resting heat production, however, increased
      with increases in body-weight and age. The resting heat production in all three
      F1 crosses was higher than that in Hariana cattle. Among the crosses, the resting
      heat production was highest in the Holstein Friesian X Hariana and lowest in the
      Jersey X Hariana. Metabolizable energy (ME) intake per 24 h was significantly
      different between genetic groups and in different age groups. However, ME intake
      per kg W 0.75 was not significantly different between genetic groups.

PMID- 4063275
TI  - Increase in the ileal absorption rate of sodium taurocholate in germ-free or
      conventional rats given an amylomaize-starch diet.
AB  - Twenty germ-free and twenty conventional male Fischer 344 rats, 3 months old,
      were fed ad lib. diets based either on normal or on amylomaize starch for 1
      month. The absorption rate of sodium taurocholate, 25 mmol/l, was determined in
      vivo in jejunal or ileal segments. Each determination included five rats. Jejunal
      absorption rate was not modified either by the amylomaize-based diet or by the
      digestive microflora. Ileal absorption rate was slightly higher in germ-free than
      in conventional rats. Ileal absorption rate was largely increased by the
      amylomaize-based diet. This increase was slightly larger in germ-free rats than
      in conventional rats. It is suggested that dietary amylomaize starch has an
      action on the active absorption process of bile acid.

PMID- 4063276
TI  - The effect of lumen conditions on oxygen uptake in perfused omasal laminae.
AB  - The vascular anatomy of the bovine omasal lamina permitted perfusion of a
      discrete area of the tissue. As occurs in vivo, oxygen was provided through the
      vascular system, while the luminal sides of the tissue could be kept in an
      anaerobic environment, thus allowing study of foregut tissue metabolism under
      physiologically realistic conditions. O2 consumption of perfused leaves in the
      presence of anaerobic buffer was 64.9 and 73.5 nmol O2/mg dry weight per h in
      Expts 1 and 2 respectively, and was elevated (P less than 0.05) when the lumen
      side of the tissue was exposed to an atmosphere of nitrogen gas. In Expt 1, the
      rate of O2 consumption was increased (P less than 0.01) by 35% as a result of
      suspension of a boiled preparation of rumen micro-organisms and particles (less
      than 1 mm) in the anaerobic lumen buffer. Replacement of the boiled preparation
      with an unboiled suspension increased O2 consumption further by 11%, but this was
      not statistically significant (P greater than 0.05). In Expt 2, sequential
      addition of the following substrates or preparations to the lumen chambers all
      resulted in stepwise increases (P less than 0.05) in O2 consumption; 8 mM
      butyrate, boiled rumen micro-organisms and particles and, finally, unboiled rumen
      micro-organisms and particles. Identities of the heat-labile and heat-stable
      components of the microbial and particle suspensions that caused enhancement of
      O2 removal across the perfused tissue are discussed.

PMID- 4063277
TI  - Removal of digesta components from the rumen of steers determined by sieving
      techniques and fluid, particulate and microbial markers.
AB  - When 103Ru-labelled Tris (1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium II chloride (103Ru-P)
      particulate marker in aqueous solution was added to the rumen of four steers
      given 5.5 kg grass hay/d at two-hourly intervals, the distribution of 103Ru-P
      marker among rumen particles of various sizes was the same at 4 h, 3 d and 7 d
      after administration, the concentration of 103Ru-P/g dry matter (DM) was
      inversely related to particle size and 0.30 of the 103Ru-P was associated with
      the DM of particles too large to be moved from the rumen at a meaningful rate.
      Thus, fractional outflow rate (FOR) of 103Ru-P would reflect, but was not a
      direct measure of, the FOR of the small particle pool in the rumen. When rumen
      digesta were labelled with 103Ru-P, placed in nylon cloth bags and incubated in
      vitro with unlabelled digesta, 59% of the 103Ru-P disappeared from the nylon bag
      in 24 h, and 74% in 48 h. Similar results were obtained when large particles
      (retained by a 3.2 mm mesh screen during wet sieving) from rumen digesta were
      subjected to this procedure. In a further experiment, the steers were given the
      hay in either the long or ground form and drinking water to which 10 g sodium
      chloride/l were, or were not, added. The FOR of 51CrEDTA in centrifuged rumen
      fluid was increased (P less than 0.05) from 1.78 to 2.10/d by grinding of the hay
      diet, but was not influenced by the intake of an additional 257 g NaCl/d. The FOR
      values of 103Ru-P in mixed rumen digesta and organic 35S in micro-organisms were
      linearly correlated (P less than 0.05) and were not affected (P greater than
      0.05) by grinding and salt treatments. On average, the FOR of organic 35S in
      micro-organisms was 0.41 of that of 51CrEDTA in centrifuged rumen fluid and 0.85
      of that of 103Ru-P in rumen digesta respectively. Grinding of the hay did not (P
      greater than 0.05) change the proportion of rumen DM (0.476-0.515) or faecal DM
      (0.107-0.153) retained by the 3.2 mm mesh and larger screens. FOR from the rumen
      of a given size group of particles was calculated as the ratio, estimated daily
      flow from the rumen of the size group: rumen pool of the group.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4063278
TI  - Effect of dietary protein concentration and ambient temperature on the energy,
      protein and water metabolism of the rat.
AB  - Groups of rats (n 8) were offered, to appetite, diets containing 10 (LP), 25 (MP)
      and 45 (HP)% of gross energy as protein energy from 45 d of age to slaughter 50 d
      later. At 53 d of age, half the rats on each diet were left at 22 degrees while
      the other half were transferred to 6 degrees. Water balances were measured daily,
      and digestibilities of energy and nitrogen and the metabolizability of the diets
      were measured for each rat over a 7 d period at some stage between the age of 74
      and 95 d. The rats were slaughtered at day 95 and their carcasses were analysed
      for protein, lipid, energy and ash contents. Energy expenditure was calculated as
      the difference between metabolizable energy intake and energy retained. Growth
      performance was best on the MP diet at both temperatures. At 22 degrees the rate
      of gain of body-weight and of energy retention, although not of protein, were
      slightly reduced on the HP diet while overall performance was markedly inferior
      on the LP diet. At 6 degrees the LP diet, while not so good as the MP diet, led
      to significantly better all-round growth performance than did the HP diet. Cold
      increased the energy expenditure of the rats by 50% (109-138 kJ/d); the increase
      was greater for the LP group than for the HP group. Intrascapular brown adipose
      tissue hypertrophied in response to cold and to the LP diet. Adrenal gland size
      was significantly increased by cold exposure and by increasing level of dietary
      protein concentration. Urine volume was more closely related to the intake of
      protein than to that of energy. Urinary N concentration for the HP rats was
      approximately double that for those on the LP diet. Cold-exposed rats had a high
      water content in their fat-free carcasses, but there were no differences between
      the dietary treatments.

PMID- 4063279
TI  - The relation between food intake and abomasal emptying and small intestinal
      transit time in sheep.
AB  - The relation between the level of food intake and gastrointestinal motility and
      digesta flow in the abomasum and small intestine was studied in sheep fitted with
      nichrome-wire electrodes in the gut wall, an abomasal and a duodenal catheter and
      a terminal ileal cannula. Abomasal volume and outflow were calculated from CrEDTA
      dilution in six sheep and small intestinal transit time by the passage of Phenol
      Red in ten sheep. The frequency of the migrating myoelectric complex of the small
      intestine was not altered by the level of food intake but the duration of the
      periods of irregular spiking activity, the amplitude of abomasal activity and the
      frequency of duodenal rushes were decreased as the level of food intake was
      decreased. There was a linear relation between the level of food intake (FI) and
      abomasal outflow (mean with SEM: 327 (69) ml/h for each kg FI/d; P less than
      0.01), and abomasal volume (mean with SEM: 344 (50) ml/kg FI per d; P less than
      0.001), without any significant change in the half-time of marker dilution in the
      abomasum. Small intestinal transit time decreased with an increase in food intake
      (mean with SEM: -54.9 (5.6) min/kg FI per d; P less than 0.001). It is concluded
      that abomasal volume and the rate of digesta flow from the abomasum and along the
      small intestine are linearly related to the level of food intake.

PMID- 4063280
TI  - Mitochondrial uncoupling and the isodynamic equivalents of protein, fat and
      carbohydrate at the level of biochemical energy provision.
AB  - The effects of uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation on the
      efficiency of energy conservation during oxidation of amino acids, fatty acids,
      glycerol, glucose and 101 food proteins have been examined in order to compare
      how uncoupling at coupling site 1 affects energy yields compared with uncoupling
      at sites 2 + 3 and uncoupling by proton leakage. The effects of uncoupling by
      each mechanism on the isodynamic equivalents of carbohydrate, fat and protein at
      the level of cytoplasmic ATP yield have been estimated. Energy conservation
      during amino acid oxidation decreased relative to that for glucose as uncoupling
      by all three mechanisms increases. This effect is least when uncoupling is at
      site 1 and is associated with a fall in the isodynamic equivalent for
      protein:glucose of 4% maximally, and a fall in the cytoplasmic ATP yield for
      glucose of 25% (15-30%) when accounting for uncertainty in the choice of proton
      stoichiometries). Variation in the efficiency of energy conservation for the
      different amino acids is large for both highly coupled and uncoupled mitochondria
      but the range of efficiencies for the oxidation of 101 food proteins is
      relatively small (less than 6% of the mean) for a tightly coupled system. This
      range increases absolutely (minimally fourfold) and relatively (minimally 44% of
      the mean value) with severely uncoupled mitochondria but is nearly constant
      (changes by less than 1% relative to the mean) within the probable
      physiologically relevant range of uncoupling in the whole body and in the full
      range of uncoupling at site 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4063281
TI  - The hypocholesterolaemic effects of pectins in rats.
AB  - The hypocholesterolaemic effects of pectins were studied in a series of five
      experiments in weanling Sprague-Dawley rats. Expt A examined the effects of
      differing levels of dietary fat on plasma and liver lipids. Rats were given diets
      containing 100 g pectin, National Formulary (NF)/kg, and either 50,100, 150 or
      200 g oil/kg. All diets contained 10 g cholesterol/kg. Plasma cholesterol levels
      were lower in all pectin-fed groups compared with rats given the control diet
      containing 100 g Solkafloc and 100 g oil/kg. Liver lipid and cholesterol levels
      increased with increasing fat content of the diet, reaching a plateau at 150 g
      fat/kg diet, but were still significantly lower in all pectin-fed groups compared
      with the control group. Expt B. The effects of molecular weight and degree of
      methoxylation of pectins were studied in five groups of rats given either a
      control diet containing 100 g Solkafloc/kg or high molecular weight, high
      methoxyl pectin (HMW HMP); high molecular weight, low methoxyl pectin (HMW LMP);
      low molecular weight, high methoxyl pectin (LMW HMP); low molecular weight, low
      methoxyl pectin (LMW LMP). All diets in this and subsequent experiments contained
      100 g fat and 10 g cholesterol/kg. Plasma cholesterol levels were significantly
      lower than control values only in the HMW HMP group. Compared with controls,
      animals given HMW pectins had lower levels of liver lipid and liver cholesterol;
      on the LMW HMP diet the liver cholesterol, but not the liver lipid, was lower.
      Expt C. An attempt was made to clarify the possible effect of degree of
      methoxylation by feeding diets containing either 100 g Solkafloc/kg, 100 g pectin
      NF/kg or 100 g very high methoxyl pectin/kg. Plasma cholesterol levels were
      significantly reduced by both pectins but there was no difference in effect
      between the two. Both had similar viscosities suggesting that this is a more
      important factor than methoxyl content. Expts D and E. Effects of dose on
      hypocholesterolaemic effects of HMP and LMP were studied. Diets containing 50 or
      100 g Solkafloc, HMP or LMP/kg were given in Expt D, and 25 g Solkafloc or
      HMP/kg, 50 g Solkafloc, HMP or LMP/kg and 100 g Solkafloc or LMP/kg in Expt E.
      Plasma cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in groups given 50 or 100 g
      HMP/kg and in groups given 100 g LMP/kg. HMP were found to be more effective at
      lowering plasma cholesterol levels than LMP. LMW pectins were not effective. This
      suggests that the hypocholesterolaemic effects are at least partly due to
      viscosity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4063282
TI  - Zinc, copper and iron concentrations in the plasma and diets of lactating
      Nigerian women.
AB  - Zinc, copper, iron, protein and energy intakes of 232 lactating women (consuming
      self-selected diets during the first 3 months post-partum) were computed from
      food intake values obtained using a 3 d dietary-recall method. Non-pregnant, non
      lactating women (100) served as controls. Blood samples of subjects were also
      analysed for packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentrations as well as for
      plasma Zn, Cu and Fe levels by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Except for
      Fe, intakes of all nutrients measured were significantly lower than recommended
      dietary allowances for lactation. Daily mean (and SD) Zn, Cu, Fe (mg), protein
      (g) and energy (MJ) intakes for lactating women were 8.2 (1.6), 1.6 (0.5), 29.0
      (5.8), 52.4 (9.2) and 10.21 respectively. There was a significant
      intercorrelation between the different nutrients in the diet. Mean (and SD)
      plasma Zn, Cu and Fe concentrations (micrograms/l) during the first 3 months of
      lactation were 666.0 (76.0), 1290.0 (150.0) and 730.0 (185) respectively. These
      values were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in the case of Zn and Fe and
      higher in the case of Cu than those of non-pregnant, non-lactating women.
      Maternal plasma levels of the trace elements also varied significantly with
      nutritional status as indexed by haemoglobin status. Correlation analysis between
      dietary and plasma trace element concentrations was significant for Zn (r 0.26, P
      less than 0.0001) and Fe (r 0.17, P less than 0.05). Dietary protein intake was
      significantly correlated with plasma Zn (r 0.18, P less than 0.005) and Fe (r
      0.12, P less than 0.05). While maternal weight, arm circumference and skinfold
      thickness measurements tended to decrease with increase in the period of
      lactation, growth performance of entirely breast-fed babies was satisfactory as
      at the 12th week post-partum.

PMID- 4063283
TI  - Breast-milk production and energy exchange in human lactation.
AB  - The milk production of one mother was determined post-partum for a period of 13
      weeks, during which time breast milk was her infant's only source of food energy.
      The weight changes of both the mother and the male infant were recorded during
      this period. The food intake and activity pattern of the mother were also
      recorded for 4-week periods: at 2, 6, 10 weeks after birth and 2 weeks after the
      cessation of lactation, which was maintained for a period of 27 weeks. The infant
      regained his birth weight of 3310 g on the 14th day of life. His weight gain for
      the duration of the study, which averaged 233 g/week, was considered
      satisfactory. The daily milk production increased gradually from an average of
      241 g during the 1st week post-partum to 995 g during the 12th week. The infant's
      maximum milk intake and hence food energy intake per kg body-weight was (range)
      198-204 g milk and 550-560 kJ/kg respectively during the 3rd to the 7th week,
      followed by a gradual decrease from the 8th to the 13th week after birth. The
      estimated efficiency of energy conversion for breast-milk production was
      consistent with other values reported in the literature.

PMID- 4063284
TI  - The effect of guar gum on carbohydrate-, fat- and protein-stimulated gut hormone
      secretion: modification of postprandial gastric inhibitory polypeptide and
      gastrin responses.
AB  - The effect of incorporating guar gum into predominantly single-component meals of
      carbohydrate, fat or protein on liquid gastric emptying and on the secretion of
      gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), gastrin and motilin, was studied in healthy
      human volunteers. Volunteers were given either 80 ml Hycal (carbohydrate meal),
      150 g cooked lean minced beef (protein meal) or 200 ml double cream (fat meal)
      either with or without 5 or 6 g guar gum. Liquid gastric emptying was monitored
      in the fat and protein meals by taking 1.5 g paracetamol, consumed in water, with
      the meals and monitoring its appearance in circulation. Postprandial insulin and
      GIP levels were both significantly reduced by addition of guar gum to the
      carbohydrate meal. Postprandial GIP secretion was also reduced by addition of
      guar gum to the protein meal, but protein-stimulated gastrin secretion was
      enhanced by guar gum. There was a significant negative correlation between peak
      circulating gastrin levels and the corresponding GIP levels. Postprandial GIP
      secretion and plasma motilin levels were unaffected by addition of guar gum to
      the fat meal. 5 and 10 g guar gum/l solutions in water possessed buffering
      capacities between pH 2.75 and 5.5. Guar gum at 5 g/l caused no detectable change
      in liquid gastric-emptying time. The observed augmentation of gastrin secretion
      by guar gum following a protein meal could be due either to the buffering
      capacity of guar gum or to the attenuation of GIP secretion. It is possible that
      the chronic use of guar gum could be associated with changes in gastric acid
      secretion.

PMID- 4063285
TI  - Thiamin status in normal and malnourished children in Jamaica.
AB  - Thiamin status has been measured using the erythrocyte transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1)
      assay in twenty-eight normal children and in twenty-five severely-malnourished
      children throughout the course of recovery. Subclinical thiamin deficiency was
      found in 7% of the normal children and 36% of the malnourished children on
      admission. There was no significant association between thiamin status and
      oedema, stunting or wasting, history of breast-feeding, pattern of weaning, age
      or sex. Five malnourished children, who died, all had a normal thiamin status on
      admission; however, two developed biochemical evidence of thiamin deficiency
      preterminally.

PMID- 4063286
TI  - Prediction of body density from skinfold measurements in lactating women.
AB  - Regression equations predicting body density from skinfold measurements were
      derived for a group of lactating women. It was concluded that specific equations
      for lactation were not necessary, since the resultant equations were not
      significantly different from those published for non-lactating women. The ability
      to predict an individual's body density from skinfold thickness measurements was
      unsatisfactory for either clinical or research applications.

PMID- 4063287
TI  - The nitrogen requirement of the weanling kitten.
AB  - The nitrogen requirement of the weanling kitten was determined in a series of
      three experiments. In each experiment, diets were formulated to provide the
      growing kitten with the essential amino acids at or above the level of
      requirement. Expt 1 utilized a 4 x 4 balanced Latin square design with two groups
      of kittens (four male and four female). The crystalline L-amino acid diets were
      presented at four levels of dietary crude protein (N X 6.25) of 140, 160, 180 and
      200 g/kg diet. The design for Expts 2 and 3 was a 6 X 6 balanced Latin square.
      For each of these experiments, groups of six male and six female kittens were
      assigned to diets. The six levels of dietary crude protein were 120, 140, 160,
      180, 200 and 220 g/kg diet; dietary N was supplied by crystalline L-amino acids
      for Expt 2 and casein plus a supplementary amino acid mix for Expt 3. Food
      intake, weight gain and N retention were determined in each experiment. A
      sigmoidal model y = P1 + P2/[1 + e(P3 + P4 X chi] was fitted to the response of
      weight gain and N retention to dietary N. The calculated requirement (95% of the
      upper asymptote, P1 + P2) for these experiments varied from 170 to 230 g
      protein/kg diet with the majority of these values falling between 180 and 200 g
      protein/kg. On the basis of these three experiments, the kitten's requirement for
      dietary crude protein is between 180 and 200 g/kg diet (28.8-32.0 gN/kg) for
      purified diets which provide a calculated 21 MJ metabolizable energy/kg diet.

PMID- 4063288
TI  - The effect of indigestible particles on digestive transit time and colonic
      motility in dogs and pigs.
AB  - The myoelectric activity of the colon was examined in three dogs and three pigs
      when they were given a basal diet or a basal diet plus indigestible particles
      (IP), 2 mm in diameter, at 100 g/kg dry matter. The mean retention time was
      determined using coloured discs as a marker added to the daily meal. Colonic
      electromyograms of dogs and pigs given IP revealed a 30% reduction in the number
      of long spike bursts (LSB) when compared with controls. The other components,
      propulsive migrating spike bursts (MSB) or non-propulsive short spike bursts
      (SSB), were unchanged. Mean retention time was decreased from 28.6 h to 17.6 h in
      dogs and from 129 h to 94.2 h in pigs. These changes developed progressively
      during 3-4 d in both species, suggesting that the reduction in motor activity was
      an adaptation to the changes in bulk contents. From the decreased motility of the
      colon linked to the reduction of LSB and paralleled by an increased transit time,
      it was concluded that one of the functions of the LSB is to impede the passage of
      digesta.

PMID- 4063289
TI  - Retention time of chromium-labelled feed particles and of water in the gut of
      sheep given hay and concentrate at maintenance.
AB  - Sheep were given a diet of 400 g chopped grass hay/d and 500 g crushed barley/d
      in three equal meals. The mean retention time in the whole gut (MRT) and the
      rumen retention time (RRT) of chromium-labelled feed particles and of water were
      estimated from marker concentrations in faecal samples. MRT of Cr-labelled hay
      (Cr-H), barley hulls (Cr-Bh), crushed peas (Pisum sativum) (Cr-CP) and rapeseed
      meal (Cr-RSM) were 53.5, 52.3, 44.3 and 37.0 h respectively when estimated from
      total faecal collections. The estimates obtained from spot samples of faeces were
      almost identical. RRT of Cr-H, Cr-Bh, Cr-CP, Cr-RSM (Expts 1, 2 and 3) and Cr
      labelled cottonseed meal (Cr-CSM) was 35.9, 36.7, 25.3, 18.8, 19.8, 22.8 and 25.3
      h respectively. The Cr-labelled feed particles showed marked variations in
      density in water (Dw). However, both MRT and RRT were closely related to Dw (r 
      0.88 and -0.95 respectively). Rumen outflow rates of Cr-RSM in individual animals
      were related to the rumen outflow rates of water (r 0.76).

PMID- 4063290
TI  - The retention of 59Fe and 65Zn by preruminant lambs given milk-substitutes based
      on either casein or soya-bean-protein isolate.
AB  - Eight newborn lambs were given milk-substitutes based on casein (n 4) or a soya
      bean-protein isolate (n 4). On the morning before a 10 d collection period, the
      milk-substitutes were supplemented with 59Fe as ferric chloride and 65Zn as zinc
      chloride. Faeces and urine were collected daily and determinations of 59Fe and
      65Zn were made on these separately. During a second 10 d period the dosing
      procedure and collection were repeated but the diet of each lamb was reversed.
      Mean retention of 59Fe in lambs given the casein diet was 0.50 (SE 0.12) and in
      those given the soya-bean-protein diet 0.06 (SE 0.05). There were large
      variations among animals but the treatment effect was significant at P less than
      0.05. Retention of 65Zn was significantly greater than that of 59Fe for all lambs
      but the effect of dietary treatment was similar to that for Fe. 65Zn retention
      values for casein and soya-bean-protein diets were 0.84 (SE 0.06) and 0.52 (SE
      0.03) respectively, and the difference was significant at P less than 0.01. There
      were only very small amounts of 59Fe and 65Zn in urine, representing 0.002-0.003
      of the dose.

PMID- 4063291
TI  - Intestinal cellular proliferation and protein synthesis in zinc-deficient rats.
AB  - Immature male Wistar rats were given a low-zinc semi-synthetic diet (2 mg Zn/kg)
      for 28 d. Control groups received a similar diet supplemented with 58 mg Zn/kg
      either ad lib. or in amounts matched to the consumption of the Zn-deficient
      group. Rates of growth, food consumption and small intestinal length were
      significantly reduced in the Zn-depleted rats. Zn deficiency in the rat was
      associated with a reduction in the ratio, crypt: villus and a lower rate of crypt
      cell division in the jejunum. This resulted in a substantial decrease in the net
      influx of new cells into the villi of the Zn-deficient animals compared with
      controls. The fractional rates of protein synthesis in jejunal mucosa were
      measured by a technique based on the determination of L-[4-3H]phenylalanine
      incorporation. There was no evidence of a decline in the protein synthetic rate
      in total mucosa from Zn-deficient rats. It is suggested that a reduction in cell
      influx into the villi may be responsible for the morphological and functional
      changes observed in the small intestine of rats fed on a low-Zn diet.

PMID- 4063292
TI  - Effects of undernutrition and exercise during late pregnancy on uterine, fetal
      and uteroplacental metabolism in the ewe.
AB  - Uterine, umbilical and, by difference, uteroplacental net uptakes of oxygen,
      glucose, lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate (uterine uptake only) were measured in
      single-pregnant ewes which were either well-fed throughout, or severely
      undernourished for 8-20 d during late pregnancy. All animals were studied while
      standing at rest and then while walking on a treadmill at 0.7 m/s on a 10 degrees
      slope for 60 min. Undernutrition did not significantly affect fetal or placental
      weights at 143 d gestation but caused a 14% decrease in maternal live weight.
      Uterine blood flow was decreased by 32% and was associated with a significant
      decrease in uteroplacental oxygen uptake; neither umbilical blood flow nor fetal
      O2 uptake were affected by maternal plane of nutrition. Maternal and fetal
      hypoglycaemia in underfed ewes was accompanied by 46-63% decreases in uterine,
      umbilical and uteroplacental net uptakes of glucose, and similar declines in
      uterine and umbilical glucose/O2 quotients. Moderate maternal hyperketonaemia was
      associated with 2.5-fold and 3-fold increases in uterine net uptake of 3
      hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxybutyrate/O2 quotient respectively. Exercise caused
      significant decreases in uterine blood flow in fed and underfed ewes but did not
      affect uterine or umbilical O2 uptakes; uterine net glucose uptake increased in
      most ewes but umbilical uptake was not significantly affected. Umbilical net
      uptake of lactate was significantly reduced. In underfed ewes, the extent of
      hyperketonaemia was significantly reduced by exercise. Contrary to earlier
      proposals, the ovine pregnant uterus is sensitive and adaptable to long- and
      short-term alterations in maternal energy balance, as achieved by chronic
      undernutrition and exercise respectively. Thus, the fetus and placenta
      significantly add to, but do not necessarily have priority over the energy
      demands of other tissues of the ewe.

PMID- 4063293
TI  - Plasma amino acids and tissue methionine levels in fruit bats (Rousettus
      aegyptiacus) with nitrous oxide-induced vitamin B12 deficiency.
AB  - The effect of methylcobalamin inactivation by the gas nitrous oxide on plasma
      amino acid and tissue methionine levels in fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) was
      examined. Animals exposed to N2O-oxygen (1:1, v/v) for 90 min daily received a
      fruit diet with or without methionine or betaine supplements. Exposure and diets
      were continued for up to 17 weeks or until neurological impairment and muscular
      weakness was established. All the groups exposed to N2O had significantly lower
      liver, brain and plasma methionine concentrations except the methionine
      supplemented animals which showed significantly raised levels. Plasma
      homocysteine, which was absent in controls, was present in all the N2O-exposed
      groups. Betaine supplementation resulted in reduced accumulation of homocysteine
      in plasma. However, plasma and liver methionine levels were only slightly
      increased compared with animals on the basal diet, and brain methionine levels
      were the lowest of all the groups studied. These results support the hypothesis
      that reduced methionine synthesis is an important contributor to the development
      of neurological impairment in this species and suggest that dietary
      supplementation with the methionine precursor betaine cannot replace the loss of
      vitamin B12-dependent methionine synthesis.

PMID- 4063294
TI  - A multicompartmental model to describe marker excretion patterns in ruminant
      faeces.
AB  - A multicompartmental model, which assumes first-order kinetics, is proposed to
      describe digesta flow along the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants. Solution of
      the model yields a multiplicative equation, containing a single-exponential term
      and a double-exponential term, for describing faecal outflow rate. The
      logarithmic transformation of the equation was fitted to eighty-two excretion
      curves obtained after the administration of marker into the rumen of cattle and
      sheep, and compared with other published models. It was found to be superior to
      the other models in that it fitted all the data sets successfully.

PMID- 4063295
TI  - Quantitative effects of defaunation on rumen fermentation and digestion in sheep.
AB  - Studies on the quantitative significance of protozoa on carbon and nitrogen
      digestion and metabolism in the rumen were carried out in sheep given a diet of
      pelleted concentrate (500 g/d) and chopped hay (500 g/d). Measurements were made
      of apparent digestibility; flows of organic matter and dietary and microbial non
      ammonia N (NAN) (using 15NH4+) to the duodenum; and rates of production,
      interconversion and metabolism of the major C fermentation end-products (from
      mathematical modelling of 14C isotope values). The population density of bacteria
      in the rumen increased as a result of defaunation (28.6 compared with 8.2 X 10(9)
      organisms/ml). This high density was associated with greater utilization of
      volatile fatty acids (VFA) within the rumen. The rate of irreversible loss (IL)
      of bicarbonate + carbon dioxide from the rumen was greater in the defaunated
      animals (98.5 v. 57.2 g C/d) but the IL from the blood was greater in the
      faunated group (138.6 v. 106.1 gC/d). This is consistent with the hypothesis that
      the high population density of bacteria found in the rumen fluid of defaunated
      animals may result in increased fermentation of rumen VFA and digestible dietary
      carbohydrate, thereby increasing the output of CO2 from the rumen and reducing
      the quantity of VFA (hence energy) available to the host. There was no difference
      in the flow of organic matter (OM) to the duodenum but there was a higher faecal
      excretion of OM in defaunated animals (apparent OM digestibility: 0.72 in
      faunated, 0.67 in defaunated). Defaunation did not significantly increase the
      flow of NAN to the duodenum, the percentage of duodenal NAN of bacterial origin
      or the quantity of microbial NAN synthesized/g organic matter fermented. Faecal
      excretion of NAN was higher in defaunated animals (5.3 v. 3.6 g N/d).

PMID- 4063296
TI  - The effect of increasing methionine supply on the methionine conversion to
      cyst(e)ine in sheep.
AB  - The conversion of methionine to cyst(e)ine was determined in sheep infused with
      different amounts of methionine (0-5 g/d) into the duodenum by assaying the
      incorporation of 35S from intravenously-infused L-[35S]methionine into cyst(e)ine
      in wool, plasma albumin and the free plasma pool. The percentage of cystine-S in
      the plasma originating from methionine increased linearly from 4.5 to 18 with
      increasing supplemental methionine supply. The percentage of cysteine-S in
      albumin increased from 15 to 50; methionine supply increased to 3 g/d but then
      remained constant, indicating that the transsulphuration pathway of the liver was
      exceeded. The percentage of wool cysteine-S originating from methionine was high
      (approximately 70) at all methionine supplementation rates.

PMID- 4063297
TI  - Protein turnover of breast muscle in germ-free and conventional chicks.
AB  - The effect of the gut microflora on protein turnover in pectoral muscle (M.
      pectoralis profundus) was studied by means of dietary infusion of L-[U
      14C]phenylalanine and of massive dose injection of L-[4-3H]phenylalanine in
      chicks fed on a semi-purified casein-gelatin (SCG) diet until 19 d of age, and in
      those subsequently given either a nitrogen-free (NF) diet or NF supplemented with
      methionine and arginine (MA) for a further 9 d. Time-course changes in
      radioactivity released in expired carbon dioxide during the 8 h infusion period
      showed that isotopic equilibrium was reached in 4 h with the SCG diet and in 5 h
      with the MA diet. However, with the protein-deprived chicks given the NF diet,
      isotopic equilibrium was not achieved since radioactivity in CO2 increased
      linearly throughout. On feeding the NF diet, fractional protein synthesis rate
      and the absolute amount of protein synthesized in chick breast muscle were
      reduced. These reductions were partially alleviated by supplementing the NF diet
      with methionine and arginine. The fractional degradation rate of breast muscle
      was increased in chicks given the NF diet, while the absolute amount of protein
      degraded was decreased. The addition of methionine and arginine counteracted
      these changes brought about by protein starvation. Generally speaking, the
      presence of the gut microflora had little, if any, effect on protein turnover
      rate in chick-breast muscle.

PMID- 4063298
TI  - Effect of monensin on feed utilization and gastrointestinal fermentation in the
      hamster (Mesocricetus auratus).
AB  - Three experiments were conducted to examine the effect of monensin on growth
      performance, feed utilization and volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the forestomach
      and caecum of hamsters. In Expt 1, monensin was fed at levels of 0, 5, 10 and 20
      mg/kg to the growing male and female hamsters given a commercial diet (major
      component: lucerne (Medicago sativa) meal). In Expt 2, monensin was fed at levels
      of 0, 5, 15, 45 and 135 mg/kg to the growing male hamsters given a semi-purified
      diet containing 10 g urea/kg (main components: maize starch, sucrose, casein and
      cellulose). In Expt 3, monensin was fed at levels of 0 and 40 mg/kg to the
      growing male hamsters given the commercial diet containing lucerne meal or a semi
      purified diet. In Expt 1, monensin improved feed conversion efficiency and growth
      performances in the young growing hamsters, but monensin did not affect the
      hamsters at a later growing stage. In response to monensin the proportion of
      acetic acid increased and that of propionic acid decreased in the forestomach,
      whereas the proportion of acetic acid decreased and that of propionic acid
      increased in the caecum in Expt 2. The hamsters given 135 mg monensin/kg ate
      less, developed diarrhoea and died. The apparent digestibility of crude protein
      (nitrogen X 6.25) was improved by monensin but those of dry matter and neutral
      detergent fibre (NDF) were decreased in hamsters given the semi-purified diet in
      Expt 3. Monensin did not appear to have a significant effect on the apparent
      digestibility of the diet containing lucerne meal. The responses to monensin in
      hamsters are compared with those in ruminants.

PMID- 4063299
TI  - Paradoxical effect of ethanol on liver lipogenesis in the genetically-obese
      Zucker rat.
AB  - Sixteen obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats, sixteen lean (Fa/-) Zucker rats and sixteen
      Wistar rats, all male rats aged 7-8 weeks, were given either a control (C) diet
      containing no ethanol or an ethanol (E) diet in which 36% of the energy was
      supplied by ethanol, for a period of 4 weeks. The activities of glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) and
      glycerol kinase (EC 2.7.1.30) and the glycogen content in the livers of obese
      (fa/fa) rats were lower in animals given diet E than in those given diet C. As a
      result, hepatic lipogenesis and fatty degeneration of the liver were reduced in
      obese (fa/fa) rats given diet E.

PMID- 4063300
TI  - The rate of degradation of myofibrillar proteins of skeletal muscle in broiler
      and layer chickens estimated by N tau-methylhistidine in excreta.
AB  - After N tau-methylhistidine (N tau-MH) distribution among the various organs or
      the tissues was determined in male broiler chickens of 15 d of age, the rates of
      degradation of myofibrillar proteins in male layer and broiler chickens at
      different stages of growth were determined by means of N tau-MH. About 75 and 8%
      of the total N tau-MH in the tissues occurred respectively in skeletal muscle and
      stomach, and most of the remainder in the intestine and the skin. The rates of
      degradation of myofibrillar proteins in the male layer and broiler chickens of
      21, 42 and 63 d of age were calculated to be 6.1, 4.5 and 2.4%/d (layer) and 5.0,
      2.8 and 0.9%/d (broiler) respectively. These calculations involve the assumption
      that 80% of the total excreted N tau-MH was derived from skeletal muscle. The
      results strongly indicate that the rapid growth of the broiler chicken is
      facilitated by the reduced rate of protein degradation.

PMID- 4063301
TI  - Endocrine regulation of metabolism in sheep given kale (Brassica oleracea) and
      ryegrass (Lolium perenne)-clover (Trifolium repens) fresh-forage diets.
AB  - Diets of fresh kale (Brassica oleracea) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne)-clover
      (Trifolium repens) herbage were fed to growing sheep in three experiments. In
      Expts 1 and 3 the sheep were confined indoors and fed at hourly intervals, and
      all were given supplementary iodine to counteract kale goitrogens. Lambs grazed
      the two forages for 24 weeks in Expt 2, with and without intramuscular injections
      of iodized oil. The kale and herbage contained respectively 11 and less than 0.1
      g S-methyl-L-cysteine sulphoxide (SMCO)/kg dry matter (DM) and values for readily
      fermentable: structural carbohydrate (CHO) were 3.1 and 0.8, respectively. Blood
      samples were withdrawn from indwelling catheters (Expts 1 and 3) or venipuncture
      (Expt 2) and the plasma analysed for a range of hormones using radioimmunoassay
      procedures. Glucose irreversible loss (GIL) was measured in Expt 1 using primed
      continuous infusions of D-[U-14C]glucose. Samples of adipose tissue were removed
      from the shoulder area in Expt 3, and rates of D-[U-14C]glucose and [U
      14C]acetate incorporation and oxidation were measured in vitro, together with the
      rate of glycerol release. In the presence of supplementary I2, kale feeding was
      associated with an elevation in plasma concentration of free thyroxine (T4).
      Regardless of I2 supplementation, sheep fed on kale had much higher plasma growth
      hormone concentrations than sheep fed on ryegrass-clover herbage, and this was
      accompanied by reduced plasma somatostatin concentrations. Plasma insulin and
      glucagon concentrations were similar for sheep fed on the two diets; GIL tended
      to be slightly but not significantly greater (9.4%) for sheep fed on kale than
      for those fed on ryegrass-clover herbage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4063302
TI  - Nitrogen digestion and metabolism in sheep consuming diets containing contrasting
      forms and levels of N.
AB  - Nitrogen kinetics were studied in six sheep (45-55 kg live weight) consuming
      either a high-N grass silage or a low-N dried grass made from swards of perennial
      ryegrass (Lolium perenne). The diets were fed hourly at a level of 600 g dry
      matter/d and supplied 19.5 and 11.0 g N/d respectively. The amounts of organic
      matter (OM) consumed and flowing at the duodenum and ileum and excreted in the
      faeces were similar (P greater than 0.05) with both diets. Each diet supplied 23
      g digestible OM/d per kg live weight 0.75, which was sufficient to maintain body
      weight. There were no differences (P greater than 0.05) between diets in rumen
      fluid volume, fractional outflow rate of fluid from the rumen, total
      concentration of volatile fatty acids or molar proportion of acetate in the
      rumen. The pH and molar proportion of propionate in rumen fluid were higher (P
      less than 0.01), and molar proportion of butyrate lower (P less than 0.001) when
      the silage was given. There was a net loss of N (4.0 g/d) between mouth and
      duodenum when the silage was consumed but a net gain (5.5 g/d) when the dried
      grass was consumed. As a result, total non-ammonia-N (NAN) flow at the duodenum
      did not differ (P greater than 0.05) between diets. Rumen microbial NAN flow at
      the duodenum, based on 15N as the marker, also did not differ (P greater than
      0.05) between diets but the efficiency of microbial N synthesis in the rumen
      (g/kg OM apparently digested) was higher (P less than 0.05) with the dried grass.
      When the sheep were consuming silage they had a higher concentration of ammonia
      in rumen fluid (P less than 0.01), a higher rate of irreversible loss of ammonia
      from the rumen (P less than 0.05) and a higher rate of absorption of ammonia
      across the rumen wall (P less than 0.01). The rate of absorption was found to be
      more closely related to the unionized ammonia concentration in rumen fluid (r2
      0.85) than to the total ammonia concentration (r2 0.36). Endogenous N entry into
      the forestomachs was calculated to be 5.5 g/d when the silage was given and 9.4
      g/d when the dried grass was given, of which 1.7 and 3.5 g/d respectively were in
      the form of urea. Thus, approximately 4-6 g N/d were derived from non-urea
      materials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4063303
TI  - The effect of intragastric infusion of glucose, lipids or acetate on fasting
      nitrogen excretion and blood metabolites in sheep.
AB  - Two experiments are reported in which the effect of the intragastric infusion of
      non-protein energy on fasting nitrogen losses was studied. Expt 1 was a
      preliminary trial with two 35 kg lambs given 0, 144, 288 or 432 kJ/kg live weight
      (W)0.75 per d as lipid or glucose infused into the abomasum for periods of 3 d.
      Expt 2 was of a 4 X 4 Latin square design with four sheep of about 30 kg live
      weight. The four treatments were control (fasted with water infusion), or the
      infusion of 144 kJ/kg W0.75 per d as glucose or lipid into the abomasum or as
      acetic acid into the reticulo-rumen. Compared with the fasted control, glucose
      infusion reduced (P less than 0.05) N excretion to about 0.6 of that of the
      control, increased (P less than 0.05) plasma glucose, decreased (P less than
      0.05) plasma urea and beta-hydroxybutyrate, and was without effect on plasma
      amino-N or creatinine excretion. Lipid and acetate infusions were without
      statistically significant effect on N or creatinine excretion or any of the blood
      indices measured, with the exception of plasma glucose which was reduced (P less
      than 0.05) with acetate infusion.

PMID- 4063304
TI  - The efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy and apparent absorption of
      amino acids in sheep given spring- and autumn-harvested dried grass.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted with sheep given spring-harvested dried grass
      (SHG) and autumn-harvested dried grass (AHG). The first was a calorimetric trial
      to determine the metabolizable energy (ME) content of each grass and the
      efficiency with which sheep utilize their extra ME intakes above the maintenance
      level of intake. The second examined the relative amounts of extra non-ammonia
      nitrogen (NAN) and individual amino acids absorbed from the small intestine per
      unit extra ME intake as the level of feeding was raised from energy equilibrium
      (M) to approximately 1.5 M. The third was a further calorimetric trial to
      investigate the effect of an abomasal infusion of 30 g casein/d on the efficiency
      of utilization of AHG. The ME content of the SHG (11.8 MJ/kg dry matter (DM] was
      higher than that of AHG (10.0 MJ/kg DM). The efficiency of utilization of ME for
      productive purposes (i.e. above the M level of intake; kf) was higher when given
      SHG (kf 0.54 between M and 2 M) than when given AHG (kf 0.43 between M and 2 M).
      As the level of intake of each grass was raised from M to 1.5 M there was a
      greater increment in the amounts of NAN (P less than 0.001) and the total amino
      acid (P less than 0.05) absorbed from the small intestines when sheep were given
      the SHG (NAN absorption, SHG 5.4 g/d, AHG 1.5 g/d, SED 0.54; total amino acid
      absorption SHG 31.5 g/d, AHG 14.3 g/d, SED 5.24). Infusion of 30 g casein/d per
      abomasum of sheep given AHG at M and 1.5 M levels of intake increased (P less
      than 0.05) the efficiency of utilization of the herbage from kf 0.45 to kf 0.57.
      Consideration is given to the possibility that the higher efficiency of
      utilization of ME in sheep given SHG may be related to the amounts of extra
      glucogenic amino acids absorbed from the small intestine which provide extra
      reducing equivalents (NADPH) and glycerol phosphate necessary for the conversion
      of acetate into fatty acids.

PMID- 4063306
TI  - The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of Lotus pedunculatus for
      sheep. Rates of body and wool growth.
AB  - Lotus pedunculatus (cv. Grasslands Maku) grown on acid low-fertility soil and
      containing high concentrations of condensed tannin (76-90 g/kg dry matter (DM]
      was grazed by growing sheep for 31-42 d periods in three experiments. In Expt 2
      an additional group of lambs grazed areas oversown with white clover (Trifolium
      repens) and red clover (Trifolium pratense). Lambs were transferred from grazing
      ryegrass (Lolium perenne)-white clover straight on to lotus in all experiments
      (unconditioned sheep). In Expt 3 a second group was included which had grazed
      high-tannin lotus for a pre-experimental period of 8 weeks (conditioned sheep).
      Effects of condensed tannin on body and wool growth were assessed by studying
      responses to daily oral administration of polyethylene glycol (PEG; molecular
      weight 3350, 75-100 g/d). PEG forms a complex with condensed tannin, which is
      assumed to be inert in its passage through the digestive system, and so
      effectively reduces the nutritional effects attributable to high condensed-tannin
      concentrations. Live-weight gain (LWG) in the absence of PEG was low (27-125 g/d)
      for sheep grazing high-tannin lotus, and PEG administration increased LWG by 41
      61 g/d and increased wool growth. In Expt 3, responses to PEG supplementation
      tended to be less with conditioned than with unconditioned sheep, indicating that
      conditioned sheep had partially adapted to the high-tannin diet. PEG
      supplementation had no effect on either LWG or wool growth of sheep grazing areas
      oversown with mixed clovers, confirming its effects as specific to forages
      containing condensed tannins. These experiments therefore conclusively show that
      high concentrations of condensed tannin induced by growing Lotus pedunculatus
      under low soil fertility conditions prevent maximum expression of LWG and wool
      growth in grazing sheep. These results contrast with high LWG (153-315 g/d)
      observed in growing sheep grazing the same lotus cultivar grown in high fertility
      soil and containing 20 g condensed tannin/kg DM, a level considered to be
      nutritionally beneficial.

PMID- 4063305
TI  - Cellulose and pectin alter intestinal beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) in the
      rat.
AB  - Groups of rats were given a fibre-free diet containing none or one of the three
      fibre components: pectin, cellulose or galactomannan. After feeding for 16 weeks,
      total protein level and beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) activity in the contents
      and mucosa of jejunum and ileum, and in the contents only of the caecum, were
      determined. The pectin supplement reduced protein concentration in jejunal
      contents while cellulose reduced protein concentration in the ileal and caecal
      contents. beta-Glucuronidase activity of caecal contents was significantly
      reduced in both the pectin- and cellulose-fed groups. Cellulose affected the beta
      glucuronidase activity of both the ileal contents while pectin reduced the beta
      glucuronidase of the ileal but not the jejunal contents. Dietary fibre components
      did not significantly affect jejunal or ileal mucosal beta-glucuronidase
      activity.

PMID- 4063308
TI  - Vitamin B12 absorption in the neonatal piglet. 1. Studies in vivo on the
      influence of the vitamin B12-binding protein from sows' milk on the absorption of
      vitamin B12 and related compounds.
AB  - The vitamin B12 in sows' milk is strongly attached to a specific 'binder'
      protein, which is present in excess. The influence of this 'binder' on the uptake
      and retention of cyanocobalamin and two natural analogues (cobinamide and Co
      alpha-[2-methyladenyl]cobamide) was investigated with neonatal piglets. Retention
      of a single oral dose of cyano[58Co]cobalamin given before 7 d of age was
      consistently higher with suckled than with early-weaned piglets, as determined by
      measurement of whole-body radioactivity. Efficiency of retention declined with
      age, more rapidly in early-weaned than in suckled animals; when the dose was
      given at 14 d approximately 30% was retained by both groups. Distribution of the
      retained cyano[58Co]cobalamin within the body of the piglets was the same in both
      groups; about half was present in the liver. Foraging piglets may ingest
      adventitious vitamin B12 and its analogues, which are present in the sow's faeces
      and in contaminated litter. The influence of the vitamin B12-binder in sows' milk
      on the uptake and retention of two non-cobalamin analogues, and the effects of
      the analogues on the uptake and retention of vitamin B12 from 2 to 14 d after
      parturition, were investigated with early-weaned piglets. The analogues were
      detected in the liver but not in the body organs. They were also present in blood
      plasma, urine and bile, in high concentration relative to that of vitamin B12.
      The content of analogues in the liver was very small in relation to the amounts
      ingested, and much less than that of vitamin B12. There was no indication that
      the vitamin B12-binder in sows' milk influenced uptake and retention of the
      analogues, or that ingestion of analogues affected the content of vitamin B12 in
      the body organs and fluids examined.

PMID- 4063307
TI  - Digestion, absorption and utilization of single-cell protein by the preruminant
      calf. The true digestibility of milk and bacterial protein and the apparent
      digestibility and utilization of their constituent amino acids.
AB  - Two experiments of Latin square design were made, each with four Friesian bull
      calves fitted with re-entrant duodenal and ileal cannulas at 4-10 d of age. The
      calves were used to study the effect of giving milk-substitutes containing 0,
      300, 500 and 700 g bacterial protein (Pruteen)/kg total protein on apparent
      digestibility of nitrogen fractions and amino acids and true digestibility of 3H
      labelled milk protein and 35S-labelled bacterial protein in the small intestine.
      A third experiment of Latin square design with four intact Friesian calves was
      used to measure apparent digestibility of nutrients throughout the alimentary
      tract and retention of N, calcium and phosphorus. At the duodenum, volume of
      outflow, its pH, and outflow of total-N(TN), protein-N (PN) and non-protein-N
      (NPN) decreased with time after feeding. At the ileum, volume of outflow and TN
      outflow were unaffected by time after feeding but PN outflow decreased; NPN
      outflow at the ileum increased to a maximum 6 h after feeding and then declined.
      Increased inclusion of Pruteen did not affect the volume of outflow at the
      duodenum or ileum, but duodenal PN outflow increased. At the ileum, pH values
      were lower and TN, PN and NPN outflows were higher with increasing concentration
      of Pruteen in the diet. Apparent digestibility in the small intestine tended to
      decrease with greater amounts of Pruteen, but was only significant for NPN.
      Apparent digestibility from mouth to ileum significantly decreased for TN and PN
      as Pruteen inclusion increased. Amino acid concentration in duodenal outflow,
      with the exception of that of arginine, reflected intake. The total amount of
      each amino acid in ileal outflow increased and the apparent digestibility of most
      amino acids decreased with greater amounts of Pruteen in the diet. Apparent
      digestibility of nucleic acid-N from Pruteen was very high. True digestibility in
      the small intestine and between mouth and ileum of 3H-labelled milk protein was
      high and did not differ between dietary treatments. True digestibility of 35S
      labelled Pruteen was low for the milk-protein diet and tended to increase
      linearly as more dietary Pruteen was included. Dry matter concentration in faeces
      and a high apparent digestibility throughout the whole alimentary tract of
      carbohydrates did not differ between treatments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4063309
TI  - Vitamin B12 absorption in the neonatal piglet. 3. Influence of vitamin B12
      binding protein from sows' milk on uptake of vitamin B12 by microvillus membrane
      vesicles prepared from small intestine of the piglet.
AB  - The influence of the vitamin B12-binding protein isolated from sows' milk on the
      uptake of vitamin B12 was investigated using microvillus membrane vesicles
      prepared from the small intestine of 7- and 28-d-old piglets. Uptake of
      radioiodinated purified binder was also examined. The binder strongly promoted
      uptake of vitamin B12 at both ages; in the absence of the binder there was little
      uptake. The uptake mechanism was specific and operative in vesicles prepared from
      all regions of the small intestine. Uptake was a rapid process, exhibiting
      saturation kinetics, with a pH optimum at about 7.0, and dependent on the
      presence of magnesium or calcium ions for maximum activity. Affinity constants of
      the binding sites for the milk binder were determined. Competition experiments
      using complexes of the binder with vitamin B12 and with non-cobalamin analogues
      (cobinamide and Co-alpha-[2-methyladenyl]cobamide) showed that the bound
      analogues competed with bound vitamin B12 for uptake but with lower efficiency.
      Intrinsic factor also promoted vitamin B12 uptake by the vesicles but it did not
      compete with the milk binder for the same binding sites. It promoted uptake only
      in microvilli isolated from the lower third of the small intestine, and was more
      effective with preparations from 28-d-old piglets, whereas the milk binder was
      more effective with the 7-d-old piglets. Porcine gastric cobalophilin competed
      with the milk cobalophilin, but with lower efficiency. It was concluded that a
      specific transport mechanism for absorption of vitamin B12, mediated by the
      vitamin B12-binder in milk, exists at the intestinal brush border of neonatal
      piglets and strongly reinforces the developing intrinsic factor-mediated
      mechanism during the early days or weeks of life. It is suggested that the binder
      in the milk has a wider physiological significance and acts also as a 'host
      protective' factor and as a scavenger of adventitious vitamin B12.

PMID- 4063310
TI  - Ammonia-nitrogen turnover in the rabbit caecum and exchange with plasma urea-N.
AB  - Continuous infusion and single-shot administration of 15NH4Cl into the caecum of
      the conscious rabbit was used to measure caecal ammonia flux. Continuous infusion
      of 15NH4Cl and sampling from both the caecal ammonia and blood urea pools
      indicated that 0.27 of plasma urea-nitrogen was derived from caecal ammonia-N.
      Values from intravenous [15N]urea and intracaecal 15NH4Cl infusions were used to
      produce two models of the movement of N between these two metabolic pools.
      Further analysis of the results suggested an alternative model involving a third
      pool associated with the caecal mucosa and values for this model are also
      presented.

PMID- 4063311
TI  - Magnitude of ouabain-sensitive respiration in the liver of growing, lactating and
      starved sheep.
AB  - Oxygen consumption and ouabain-sensitive respiration was measured for liver
      biopsies from lactating and non-lactating ewes and for hepatocytes isolated from
      mature, dry ewes. O2 consumption, ouabain-sensitive respiration and 86Rb+ uptake
      were also measured for hepatocytes isolated from lambs, fed adult sheep and adult
      sheep starved for 5 d. Ouabain-sensitive respiration in the liver of ewes at peak
      lactation accounted for 45% of the total liver O2 consumption. This percentage
      was 24-37% higher (P less than 0.05) than measurements made during late lactation
      and during the non-lactating period. Total O2 consumption and ouabain-sensitive
      respiration rates of lamb hepatocytes were greater (P less than 0.05) than
      similar measurements for hepatocytes isolated from adult sheep. Ouabain-sensitive
      86Rb+ uptake by hepatocytes from fed sheep was up to six times greater (P less
      than 0.05) than that by cells from starved sheep. The magnitude of ouabain
      sensitive respiration of hepatocytes from starved sheep was 62% lower (P less
      than 0.05) than that for hepatocytes from fed sheep.

PMID- 4063312
TI  - Thyroid status and metabolic rate in protein-deficient rats.

PMID- 4063313
TI  - Dietary effects on pancreatic lesions induced by excess arginine in rats.
AB  - The effect of nutrition on the incidence of pancreatic damage was studied.
      Injection of excess arginine was found to cause more massive necrosis of the
      acinar cells after 24 h in malnourished rats (those given 50 g casein/kg diet)
      than in well-nourished rats (those given 200 g casein/kg diet). Ultrastructural
      examination showed that whorl formation of the endoplasmic reticulum, decreases
      in the number of zymogen granules and formation of vacuoles in the cytoplasm were
      more marked in rats given 50 g casein/kg diet. Degradation of zymogen granules
      within vacuoles in the damaged cells was frequently observed in rats given 200 g
      casein/kg diet. Necrosis of adipose tissue was associated with pancreatic damage
      more frequently in rats given 200 g casein/kg diet; rats with large amounts of
      zymogen granules in the acinar cells showed particularly severe necrosis of
      adipose tissue. Rats given 50 g casein/kg diet did not show necrosis of adipose
      tissue. These results indicate that in the malnourished state there were more
      marked arginine lesions of the pancreas in which to study cellular and histologic
      changes than in the well-nourished state and that the occurrence of necrosis of
      adipose tissue may be related to a high content of zymogen granules in the acinar
      cells before pancreatic damage.

PMID- 4063314
TI  - The influence of creatinine, lecithin and choline feeding on aliphatic amine
      production and excretion in the rat.
AB  - The excretion of aliphatic amines, methylamine, dimethylamine and trimethylamine
      in the urine and faeces of rats fed on a control diet and diets supplemented with
      creatinine, lecithin or choline were measured over a 14 d feeding period. The
      rats were then killed and concentrations of amines in small and large intestinal
      contents measured. Adding creatinine to the diet resulted in a significant
      increase of methylamine excretion in the faeces and urine. The amount of
      methylamine found in all parts of the intestine increased, especially in the
      caecum. Adding lecithin to the diet resulted in an increase in the methylamine
      excretion only, and no change in the concentrations of amines found in the
      intestine, except for trimethylamine which was significantly increased in the
      caecum and colon. Adding choline to the diet resulted in a significant increase
      in excretion of trimethylamine and, to a lesser extent, methylamine. The levels
      of amines found in the gut increased, dimethylamine being increased in the small
      bowel, and methylamine and trimethylamine in the caecum.

PMID- 4063315
TI  - Influence of chronic ethanol intake on obesity, liver steatosis and
      hyperlipidaemia in the Zucker fa/fa rat.
AB  - The effect of chronic alcohol intoxication on metabolic disturbances and fatty
      infiltration and degeneration was studied in genetically obese,
      hyperlipoproteinaemic, fa/fa Zucker rats. Sixteen obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats,
      sixteen lean Zucker rats (Fa/-) and sixteen Wistar rats, all male rats aged 7-8
      weeks, were given either a control (C) diet (13% of energy from protein, 37% from
      fat, 50% from carbohydrate) or an ethanol (E) diet (13% of energy from protein,
      37% from fat, 14% from carbohydrate, 36% from ethanol) for 4 weeks. The fa/fa
      rats given diet E consumed more energy than those given diet C, but after 4 weeks
      the weight gains and degrees of obesity were similar for both groups. With both
      diets, the developed hyperlipidaemia could be explained by the hyperinsulinaemia.
      Both hypertriglyceridaemia and hypercholesterolaemia were lower in fa/fa rats
      eating diet E than in those given diet C. Fatty infiltration of the liver, as
      assessed by hepatic triacyglycerol and cholesterol contents, was observed with
      both diets, but for fa/fa rats it was less extreme in those given diet E.

PMID- 4063316
TI  - Intestinal absorption of sorbitol and effects of its acute administration on
      glucose homeostasis in normal rats.
AB  - Intestinal absorption of sorbitol was studied in a duodeno-jejunal loop of
      anaesthetized rats. The acute effects of exogenous sorbitol on glucose
      homeostasis were also evaluated in male and female rats. In the presence of lumen
      concentrations of sorbitol ranging from 1 microM to 200 mM, a fairly constant low
      percentage (about 12%) of the loop's contents was absorbed after 30 min. This
      amount increased only slightly with time, but this was not due to sorbitol
      accumulation in the mucosal layer of the loop. 3-O-methylglucose was absorbed
      much more quickly than sorbitol, but did not interfere with sorbitol absorption.
      The latter was not impaired by omission of lumen sodium ions nor by phloridzin,
      both of which inhibited 3-O-methylglucose absorption. Gastric administration of
      sorbitol did not affect plasma glucose or insulin levels. Glucose or sucrose
      administration caused a similar rise in plasma glucose, but the increase in
      plasma insulin levels was larger after glucose than after sucrose administration.
      Intravenous administration of sorbitol slightly increased plasma glucose and
      insulin levels. These changes were, however, considerably smaller than those
      occurring after glucose administration. In the normal rat, intestinal absorption
      of sorbitol is passive and proceeds at a low rate. Acute oral administration of
      sorbitol does not affect glucose homeostasis, which is only slightly disturbed by
      a large intravenous load of sorbitol.

PMID- 4063317
TI  - Further studies in rats on the influence of previous iron intake on the
      estimation of bioavailability of Fe.
AB  - Iron retention from 3 g wholewheat flour was measured in male Wistar rats
      previously given one high-Fe or control diet meal 12, 24, 36, 48 or 60 h before
      the test meal (Expt 1). The control diet was given at all other times. The
      procedure was then repeated in rats given one high- or low-Fe meal 12, 24, 36 or
      48 h before the test meal (Expt 2). There was a significant difference between
      groups given a high- or medium-Fe meal at 12, 24, 36 h (P less than 0.001) and 48
      h (P less than 0.05) but not at 60 h. In the second experiment, there was a
      significant difference between groups given a high- or low-Fe meal at 12, 24 or
      36 h but no difference when given the two diets 48 h before the test meal. The
      high-Fe meal depressed and the low-Fe meal enhanced subsequent 59Fe retention:
      the effects were greatest at 12 h and diminished as the time interval between the
      high- or low-Fe meal and the test meal increased. The estimated mean time for the
      absorptive capacity of the mucosal cells to return to equilibrium was 54.0 (SEM
      7.6) h. Male Wistar rats were given high-, control or low-Fe diets for either 3 d
      or 28 d before an in vivo investigation in which the luminal loss of 59Fe
      labelled ferric citrate from duodenal and ileal loops was measured, and the
      proportional distribution between the carcass and the washed loop measured (Expt
      3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4063318
TI  - The importance of the non-protein components of the diet in the plasma
      cholesterol response of rabbits to casein.
AB  - To characterize the hypercholesterolaemic effect of casein further, four groups
      of young male rabbits in two separate experiments were placed on cholesterol-free
      semi-purified diets for 12 weeks. The diets were similar in composition, with
      either casein or soya-bean-protein isolate providing the protein source (250
      g/kg). In two of these diets the salt mix was reduced by 45% (normally 40 g/kg)
      and replaced by potassium bicarbonate. Growth was unaffected by these alterations
      in dietary salts except for one group given the soya-bean-reduced-salts diet. The
      mean concentrations of plasma cholesterol were significantly higher in all casein
      fed groups as compared with their soya-bean-fed counterparts but the response was
      much greater in those given the casein-reduced-salts diet. Contrary to
      expectations, analysis of the diets showed the zinc and copper concentrations of
      the casein diets to be less than those of the soya-bean diets. This was due to
      the greater concentrations of Cu (threefold) and Zn (twofold) in the soya-bean
      protein isolate compared with casein. The mean concentration of Zn in fur was
      significantly decreased in casein-fed rabbits and these animals also excreted
      less Zn but more Cu in their urine than those given the casein-reduced-salts
      diet. The rabbits given the casein diet with the least salt mix showed the
      greatest degree of hypercholesterolaemia, suggesting an interaction between trace
      elements and the casein effect.

PMID- 4063320
TI  - What sort of teenager has high intakes of energy and nutrients?
AB  - An alternative statistical technique, based on analysis of the 75th percentile,
      was used to examine teenagers' diets. The technique was developed to identify
      personal characteristics that affected the prevalence of high energy and nutrient
      intakes. It provided useful information not obtainable from methods based on
      average intakes. The study sample was a representative sample of 1055 high-school
      students in Tasmania, Australia, aged 11-16 years. Among girls, the prevalence of
      high intakes of energy and several nutrients was not affected by any of the
      fifteen characteristics studied. (In this context, 'high' was defined as above
      the 75th percentile for girls.) Fatter, heavier girls were less likely to have
      high intakes of carbohydrate, iron and niacin-equivalent, and also of meat and
      'empty-energy' foods. Girls from small families were less likely to have high
      calcium intakes, and girls from government schools less likely to have high
      thiamin intakes. Among boys, age generally had the greatest influence on the
      prevalence of high intakes ('high' being defined as above the 75th percentile for
      boys). Older boys were more likely to have high intakes of energy and most
      nutrients, as well as meat, cereals and fruit and vegetables. These age-related
      changes were, however, rather asynchronous. High fat intakes were more common
      among boys who had drunk more than five glasses of alcoholic beverages in the
      preceding week. High Ca intakes were more frequent among those who exercised
      vigorously, and high vitamin A intakes less common among the sons of well
      educated mothers.

PMID- 4063319
TI  - Effect of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) toxin on tissue weight and composition
      and some metabolic functions of rats.
AB  - Inclusion of raw kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) proteins in the diet for rats
      was shown to affect the weight of some internal organs. Of these, in addition to
      the well-known hypertrophy of the pancreas attributable to dietary trypsin
      inhibitors, the observed atrophy of the thymus and the doubling in weight of the
      small intestine are related to the protein or lectin content of the bean diet, or
      both. Changes in tissue composition of the small intestine were also recorded.
      Its protein content increased by about 40-50% and carbohydrate content doubled
      suggesting the occurrence of increased mucinous glycoprotein secretion. Increased
      DNA content (by about 30-40%) however also indicated mucosal hyperplasia. Changes
      were also observed in mineral content, urea concentration and some enzyme
      activities in sera and urine, possibly as a result of disturbances in systemic
      metabolism or hormone levels, or both. The results gave further support to
      previous suggestions that the oral toxicity of kidney-bean lectins involves local
      reactions in the small intestine in combination with their effects on the
      systemic immune system and general metabolism.

PMID- 4063321
TI  - The impact of adjustment of a weight-height index (W/H2) for frame size on the
      prediction of body fatness.
AB  - The impact of frame-size categories in weight-height tables was studied by
      comparing the efficiency of the body-mass index (weight/height2 (W/H2] and weight
      adjusted for body-height and a body-diameter, W/(H2Dp), in predicting body
      fatness. Body-weight, body-height, six body-diameters and four skinfold
      thicknesses were measured in ninety-five men and seventy women, aged between 23
      and 35 years. Percentage of body fat was calculated from skinfold thicknesses
      using regression equations according to Durnin & Womersley (1974). The inclusion
      of a body-diameter increased the explained variation of body fatness from 57% to
      62% (knee) and 63% (shoulder) in men and from 63% to 69% (knee) in women. It can
      be concluded that in the present population the efficiency of the prediction of
      percentage of body fat was not improved markedly by the inclusion of a body
      diameter in the body-mass index, thus giving no support for the inclusion of
      frame-size categories in weight-height tables.

PMID- 4063322
TI  - The use of cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata) in improving a popular Nigerian weaning
      food.
AB  - A weaning food commonly used in Nigeria was simulated by mixing processed sorghum
      (Sorghum bicolor) with skim-milk powder (830: 170, w/w). Replacing 310 g/kg
      sorghum with processed cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata) resulted in an increase in
      protein content from 96 to 113 g/kg and an increase in biological value of the
      protein from 0.74 to 0.87. The two mixtures were compared with an established
      commercial baby food by a panel of Nigerian mothers and all three foods were
      found to be equally acceptable. Processing the cowpeas by pressure cooking
      followed by roller-drying reduced the trypsin-inhibitor content to minimum
      levels. It is concluded that the protein and quality of the weaning mixture
      popularly used in Nigeria could be improved by partially replacing the sorghum
      with cowpeas.

PMID- 4063323
TI  - Net protein utilization determined by rat bioassay of a protein hydrolysate and a
      diet for children with phenylketonuria.
AB  - In a previous study (Kindt et al. 1983, 1984) it was assumed that a protein
      hydrolysate, devoid of phenylalanine, together with intact protein as given to
      children with phenylketonuria (PKU), was equivalent to egg or milk protein. One
      group of children was given this 'PKU protein' in amounts corresponding to the
      Joint FAO/WHO ad hoc Expert Committee (1973) recommendations. The results
      indicated that the Joint FAO/WHO ad hoc Expert Committee (1973) recommended
      levels of protein intake were marginal. The purpose of the present study was to
      evaluate whether the quality of the protein hydrolysate, together with intact
      protein ('PKU protein'), is equivalent to egg or milk protein. This was done
      using a rat bioassay. Four protein sources were used: (1) egg protein, (2)
      protein hydrolysate, (3) protein hydrolysate diluted with non-essential amino
      acids, (4) protein hydrolysate mixed with food proteins ('PKU protein'),
      comparable with the diet previously used (Kindt et al. 1983, 1984). The results
      indicated that the 'PKU protein' was of very high quality: net protein
      utilization (NPU) greater than 90. The protein hydrolysate alone and the protein
      hydrolysate diluted with non-essential amino acids gave a NPU greater than 80.
      The conclusion drawn from the present study is that the 'PKU protein', as used in
      the treatment of children with PKU, is equivalent to egg or milk protein. This
      supported the view that the Joint FAO/WHO ad hoc Expert Committee (1973)
      recommended levels of intake were marginal.

PMID- 4063324
TI  - Digestibilities of casein and soya-bean protein in relation to their effects on
      serum cholesterol in rabbits.
AB  - Diets containing isolated soya-bean protein induce lower levels of serum
      cholesterol in animals than diets containing casein. Experiments were conducted
      to investigate whether differences in digestibility of the proteins might explain
      this effect. At pH 8 with pancreatic enzymes or intestinal peptidase, soya-bean
      protein was hydrolysed in vitro much less rapidly than casein. However, with
      pepsin (EC 3.4.23.1) at acid pH, soya-bean protein was hydrolysed more rapidly
      than casein. These differences in digestibility may be due to pH-dependent
      changes in solubility of the proteins. Casein and soya-bean protein were most
      soluble at alkaline and acid pH respectively. Heat treatment of the proteins
      resulted in lower solubilities and digestibilities. Sonication of soya-bean
      protein at pH 7.8 increased solubility but only slightly raised digestibility.
      When fed to rabbits, enzymically hydrolysed soya-bean protein induced a 2.3-fold
      higher concentration of serum cholesterol than did intact soya-bean protein. The
      hypocholesterolaemic effect of soya-bean protein may be partly attributable to
      its low solubility and digestibility at alkaline pH.

PMID- 4063325
TI  - Family food purchases and home food consumption: comparison of nutrient contents.
AB  - Estimates of nutrient intakes based on food purchasing records modelled on the
      National Food Survey (NFS) were compared with nutrient intakes calculated from
      food consumption records based on a semi-weighted method, a combination of
      weighing and household measurement techniques. Of eighty-two families in
      Cambridge who completed the study, thirty-two were volunteers and fifty were from
      a random sample in which the co-operation rate was 73%. The estimated energy and
      nutrient contents of the Cambridge food purchases were very similar to those
      reported by the NFS for families of similar composition and income. The energy
      intakes obtained by the semi-weighed method were compared with results from
      twenty-five studies of energy intake based on quantitative measurements of food
      consumption: there was no evidence to suggest that the semi-weighed method
      consistently under- or overestimated intakes in the Cambridge subjects. Purchases
      adjusted to allow for waste and consumption of food by visitors contained
      significantly more energy, protein, carbohydrate, calcium, iron and dietary fibre
      than measured home food consumption. There was no significant difference in the
      nutrient content of purchases and consumption per 4.184 MJ (1000 kcal), with the
      exception of Fe and ascorbic acid. Measured wastage of edible food in thirty-one
      families averaged 3.2% of purchases. Estimate of wastage in all eighty-two
      families was 3.8%, and consumption of food by visitors accounted for 3.0% of
      purchases. The excess of purchases over measured home food energy intake is
      probably accounted for by a net increase in larder stocks rather than wastage,
      consumption of food by visitors, or under-recording of intakes.

PMID- 4063326
TI  - Dose dependence of breath hydrogen and methane in healthy volunteers after
      ingestion of a commercial disaccharide mixture, Palatinit.
AB  - Breath hydrogen and methane were determined by gas chromatography in eleven
      normal individuals given a low-fibre, mixed diet (control) and after ingestion of
      20-50 g Palatinit/d, an equimolar mixture of D-glucosyl-alpha(1----1)-D-mannitol
      and D-glucosyl-alpha(1----6)-D-glucitol (Isomalt). A linear relation was found (r
      0.85; P less than 0.001) between the amount of Palatinit ingested and breath H2
      per 10 h in subjects who did not exhale methane. If methane was formed in
      addition to H2, the sum of both gases followed a linear dose-effect relation. The
      mouth-to-caecum time, indicated by the first increase in breath H2 after
      ingestion, was shortened by about half, yet no sign of diarrhoea was observed.
      Stool weight and stool frequency did not change significantly. The linear
      relation between a dose of 20-50 g Palatinit and exhalation of H2 (eventually
      plus methane) indicated that a relatively constant fraction of the dose given
      underwent cleavage and absorption in the small intestine, the remainder being
      transported into the large bowel. Microbial gas formation in the colon as well as
      the fractional transfer of these gases into the expiratory air occurred at fixed
      proportions, thus allowing an insight into colonic microbial contributions to
      carbohydrate utilization in the human large bowel.

PMID- 4063327
TI  - Studies of zinc metabolism in pregnant and lactating rats.
AB  - The metabolism of 65Zn administered intramuscularly (Expt 1) or enterally (Expt
      2) at the beginning of pregnancy in rats given a control or marginal-Zn diet was
      measured. In Expt 2 a comparison was also made between pregnant and non-pregnant
      rats. The loss of 65Zn (assumed to represent labile body Zn) was markedly reduced
      in animals fed on a marginal-Zn diet compared with controls, and this effect
      occurred very rapidly, i.e. within 48 h of introducing the marginal-Zn diet.
      Pregnancy itself had a much less important effect on 65Zn turnover than diet.
      Transfer of 65Zn to the litter was significantly greater in the animals fed on a
      marginal-Zn diet compared with controls but total Zn transfer was reduced. The
      effect of length of time on a marginal-Zn diet on fetal growth and composition
      was examined. Compared with controls, fetal weight was significantly greater in
      litters from mothers fed on a marginal-Zn diet during the last 4, 7 or 14 d of
      pregnancy, but no different in litters from mothers fed on a marginal-Zn diet
      throughout pregnancy. There were no differences in the proportions of protein or
      fat in the fetuses from mothers fed on the control or marginal-Zn diets but the
      Zn concentration was lower in litters from mothers fed on a marginal-Zn diet
      during part or all of the pregnancy when compared with controls. The transfer of
      65Zn from mothers to litters during birth and the first 3 d of lactation was
      measured. There were no differences in maternal or litter 65Zn just before or
      just after birth, but within 72 h maternal 65Zn had significantly decreased and
      litter 65Zn increased. Increases in litter size were associated with greater
      total litter 65Zn but reduced individual fetal 65Zn. These experiments
      demonstrate the importance of an adequate daily supply of Zn during pregnancy.
      Although there is room for adaptation to a marginal-Zn intake (by reducing Zn
      excretion) the maintenance of Zn homeostasis is only possible in the absence of
      other forms of stress, such as pregnancy, to the body. The consequence of
      insufficient Zn at times of rapid fetal growth on carbohydrate and lipid
      metabolism warrants further investigation.

PMID- 4063328
TI  - Experimental zinc deficiency in guinea-pigs: clinical signs and some
      haematological studies.
AB  - Thirty-three male, weanling guinea-pigs were divided into two groups. One group
      was fed on a zinc-deficient (ZnD) diet (1.25 mg Zn/kg diet) for 45 d and then
      divided into two subgroups: subgroup 1 continued on diet ZnD while subgroup 2 was
      fed on a Zn-repleted diet (100 mg Zn/kg diet) for 15 d. The second group was fed
      on a Zn-adequate diet (50 mg Zn/kg diet) for 60 d. Zn deficiency could be
      produced within 21 d as evidenced by clinical signs and reduction in serum Zn
      concentration. Clinical signs exhibited were listlessness, scabby lesions on skin
      near the foot pads, mild alopecia and a reduction in body-weight gain. No effect
      was observed on food intake. Significant decreases in packed cell volume and
      total leucocyte count from 48 d onwards accompanied by absolute lymphocytopenia
      and relative neutrophilia were observed. Supplementation of Zn in the Zn-repleted
      group resulted in marked, through incomplete, improvement with regard to serum Zn
      concentration, clinical signs and haematological changes.

PMID- 4063329
TI  - A comparative study of phytate hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract of the
      golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) and the laboratory rat.
AB  - The role of bacterial, dietary and intestinal phytases (EC 3.1.3.8) in the
      hydrolysis of phytate was investigated in the golden hamster and rat by assaying
      phytase in the small intestine and by measuring the disappearance of phytate from
      the stomach and large intestine, using chromium oxide as an insoluble solid-phase
      marker. It was confirmed that an active phytase was present in the proximal third
      of the small intestine of the rat but the enzyme was undetectable in the hamster.
      Extensive bacterial breakdown of phytate occurred in the pregastric pouch and
      true stomach of the hamster with both phytase-containing and phytase-free diets,
      with phytate digestibilities in the true stomach ranging from 0.69-0.90,
      confirming that the hamster can be regarded as a pseudo-ruminant. With a phytase
      free diet, the digestibility of phytate in the stomach of the rat was very low
      (0.05) but with a wheat-based diet substantial breakdown of phytate occurred
      (digestibility up to 0.49), presumably under the influence of the cereal phytase.
      Intestinal phytase did not appear to be of great significance in the rat but some
      further hydrolysis of the residual phytate probably occurred in the large
      intestine of both species by bacterial phytase.

PMID- 4063330
TI  - Gastric emptying of barley-soya-bean diets in the pig: effects of feeding level,
      supplementary maize oil, sucrose or cellulose, and water intake.
AB  - A technique for measuring gastric emptying in growing pigs by complete removal of
      digesta through a gastric cannula is described. Four pigs were fitted with
      gastric cannulas and each was used in three trials. The effects of level of
      feeding (trial 1), cellulose (C), maize-oil (MO) or sucrose (SU) supplementation
      (trial 2) and the level of water intake (trial 3) on gastric emptying of digesta,
      dry matter (DM) and nitrogen from a barley-weatings-soya-bean (B) diet were
      measured during 4 h after the morning feed. In trial 1, pigs were given 0.66,
      0.83, 1.00 or 1.17 times their standard level of feeding. As the level of feeding
      rose, so the weight of digesta, DM and N emptied in the first hour after feeding
      increased. This trend continued to some extent in the second hour, but no effects
      of level of feeding were seen in the third and fourth hours. In trial 2, maize
      oil addition to the diet significantly reduced the gastric-emptying rate of DM in
      the second hour after feeding, compared with the rates for diet C. The rate of N
      emptying was significantly slower for diets MO and SU than for diet C. In trial 3
      there were no significant effects of water intake level (1.75, 2.50 and 3.25
      times the weight of diet) on the rate of DM or N emptying from the stomach. The
      rate of digesta (and thus of water) emptying in the first hour after feeding
      increased significantly as the water intake rose. It was concluded that because
      the pattern of gastric emptying was very similar despite large differences in
      nutritional inputs, an important property of the process appeared to be
      resilience.

PMID- 4063331
TI  - Absorption and metabolism of glucose by the mesenteric-drained viscera of sheep
      fed on dried-grass or ground, maize-based diets.
AB  - Sheep fitted with re-entrant canulas in the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum
      were used to determine the amount of alpha-glucoside entering, and apparently
      disappearing from, the small intestine when either dried-grass or ground maize
      based diets were fed. The fate of any alpha-glucoside entering the small
      intestine was studied by comparing the net disappearance of such alpha-glucoside
      from the small intestine with the absorption of glucose into the mesenteric
      venous blood. Glucose absorption from the small intestine was measured in sheep
      equipped with catheters in the mesenteric vein and carotid artery. A continuous
      infusion of [6-3H]glucose was used to determine glucose utilization by the
      mesenteric-drained viscera and the whole-body glucose turnover rate (GTR). The
      amounts of alpha-glucoside entering the small intestine when the dried-grass and
      maize-based diets were given were 13.9 (SE 1.5) and 95.4 (SE 16.2) g/24 h
      respectively; apparent digestibilities of such alpha-glucoside in the small
      intestine were 60 and 90% respectively. The net absorption of glucose into the
      mesenteric venous blood was -2.03 (SE 1.20) and 19.28 (SE 0.75) mmol/h for the
      dried-grass and maize-based diets respectively. Similarly, total glucose
      absorption amounted to 1.52 (SE 1.35) and 23.33 (SE 1.86) mmol/h (equivalent to 7
      and 101 g/24 h respectively). These values represented 83 and 111% of the alpha
      glucoside apparently disappearing from the small intestine, determined using the
      re-entrant cannulated sheep. Total glucose absorption represented 8 and 61% of
      the whole-body GTR for the dried-grass and maize-based diets
      respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4063332
TI  - Estimation of microbial nitrogen in nylon-bag residues by feed 15N dilution.
AB  - Rapeseed (Brassica napus), barley grain, ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and barley
      straw were labelled with 15N as an internal marker. The dilution of 15N was used
      to estimate microbial N (RMN15N) in the feed residues in nylon bags incubated in
      the rumen for 5, 12 and 24 h. For comparative purposes, diaminopimelic acid (DAP)
      content of the residues was also determined and rumen microbial N (RMNDAP-N) in
      the feed residues calculated using DAP as a bacterial marker. The influence of
      two bag pore sizes (20 microns and 40 microns) with different sample sizes (1 g
      and 5 g respectively) was also studied. For all feeds, the average disappearance
      of 15N was faster than that of total N, the difference between N and 15N
      disappearance being marked with barley, ryegrass and barley straw. The
      disappearance of microbially corrected dry matter (DM; correction calculated from
      the 15N values) was, accordingly, always faster than the uncorrected DM
      disappearance. Except for the bag pore/sample size effect for N disappearance,
      significant (P less than 0.01-0.001) feed, pore/sample size and incubation-time
      effects were always found for the disappearance values. Errors (%) resulting from
      the microbial contamination (calculated from the 15N values) in N-loss
      measurement with rapeseed, barley, ryegrass and barley straw, at 5, 12 and 24 h
      in 20 microns bags were respectively: -1.8, -3.9, -0.9; -3.8, -22.4, -3.8; -7.2, 
      4.1, -2.9; -164.5, -146.3, -204.6. In 40 microns bags the corresponding errors
      were respectively: -4.4, -1.2, -0.7; -26.1, -10.5, -3.9; -13.2, -6.4, -5.5; 
      221.2, -310.1, -1284.6.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4063333
TI  - Efficiency of utilization of essential amino acids in growing rats at different
      levels of intake.
AB  - Nitrogen balance was studied in growing male SPF-rats fed on diets in which each
      essential amino acid was varied from zero to about 120% of optimum requirement.
      From the balance results, optimum and maintenance requirements were estimated as
      well as the efficiency of utilization of amino acids for growth and growth +
      maintenance. N balance increased with increasing dietary level of the deficient
      amino acid; the response gradually diminished as the content of the amino acid
      approached optimum. At zero level of intake, negative N balance was found for all
      amino acids except histidine. The highest loss of body N was found in the sulphur
      amino-acid-free diet and the lowest one in the lysine-free diet. Maximal
      utilization of essential amino acids for growth was found at dietary levels
      corresponding to 30-60% of optimum requirement and ranged from about 0.65 to 0.85
      except for S amino acids and histidine. The utilization of S amino acids was
      about 0.55 while that of histidine exceeded 1.0. The utilization of amino acids
      for growth + maintenance was maximal at the lowest levels of intake and gradually
      decreased as the dietary concentration of the limiting amino acid increased. At
      dietary levels near optimum the utilization was about 0.6-0.7, except for S amino
      acids where the utilization was less than 0.5.

PMID- 4063334
TI  - Glucose and protein metabolism during late pregnancy in triplet-bearing ewes
      given fresh forages ad lib. 1. Voluntary intake and birth weight.
AB  - Ewes of the Booroola X Romney genotype carrying triplet lambs were given fresh
      forages ad lib. in late pregnancy. In Expt 1, groups of three ewes were given
      kale (Brassica oleracea), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) or perennial
      ryegrass (0.75)-barley (0.25). In Expt 2, groups of two or three ewes were given
      fresh perennial ryegrass and infused into the abomasum with iso-energetic
      quantities of casein and glucose in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Post-lambing
      ewe live weights were 40-50 kg. Glucose irreversible loss (GIL) was determined
      from dilution of D-[U-14C]glucose. For ewes given kale, perennial ryegrass and
      perennial ryegrass-barley in Expt 1, mean metabolizable energy (ME) intakes were
      0.50, 0.82 and 0.83 MJ/kg live weight 0.75 per d, GIL was 112, 142 and 157 g/d,
      and mean birth weight 2.22, 3.05 and 2.95 kg/lamb. In Expt 2, infusion of
      glucose, casein, and glucose + casein depressed herbage ME intake respectively by
      1.6, 0.9 and 0.3 times the amount of ME infused. GIL (185-325 g/d) was increased
      by 800 and 350 g respectively for each kg of glucose or casein infused. Casein
      infusion increased calculated amino acid absorption from 0.18 to 0.36 of ME,
      increased wool growth and increased calculated maternal N balance. Birth weight
      was unaffected by nutritional treatment and averaged 3.29 kg/lamb. When values
      from both experiments were combined, birth weight was related to GIL by a
      hyperbolic relation, with maximum predicted birth weight being 4.1 kg/lamb. It
      was postulated that this value was never attained in practice, due to uterine
      expansion being restricted by the low maternal body size. Marked decreases in
      birth weight occurred when GIL decreased below 173 g/d. It was calculated that
      ewes in all treatment groups were in negative energy balance, and that glucose
      supplied by the kale and unsupplemented ryegrass diets were respectively below
      and equal to calculated conceptus uptakes of glucose necessary to maintain growth
      of triplet fetuses. It was further calculated that amino acid requirements of
      triplet-bearing ewes in late pregnancy were likely to exceed substantially net
      absorption from digestion of fresh forage diets, and that maternal tissues go
      into negative N balance to ensure fetal growth, thus explaining the lack of
      response to abomasal casein infusion.

PMID- 4063335
TI  - Estimation of the degradability of dietary protein in the sheep rumen by in vivo
      and in vitro procedures.
AB  - Estimates of degradability of nitrogen in the sheep rumen for a basal hay diet
      and for soya-bean meal (SBM), groundnut meal (GNM) and fish meal (FM), when given
      together with the hay, were determined from measurements of duodenal N flow,
      ammonia kinetics and rumen N disappearance from polyester bags and rumen outflow
      rate. The ability of various in vitro procedures to predict in vivo N
      degradability was also examined. Four sheep were given a basal hay diet (800 g
      dry matter (DM) and 19 g N/d) either alone or supplemented with isonitrogenous
      amounts (15 g N/d) of SBM, GNM or FM. Duodenal non-ammonia-N flow (g/d) was
      increased more by FM (8.0) than by GNM (5.9) and SBM (5.8), whilst microbial N
      flow (g/d) was increased more by SBM (3.9) than by GNM (2.3) and FM (1.6). N
      degradability values calculated from these results were 0.88, 0.76 and 0.57 for
      the SBM, GNM and FM respectively. The corresponding value for hay was calculated
      to be 0.76. The irreversible loss of ammonia in the forestomachs (g N/d) was
      increased more by SBM (11.9) than by GNM (7.2) and FM (5.8), whilst ammonia
      outflow from the rumen (g N/d) was increased to a similar extent by all
      supplements (1.1, 0.9 and 0.8 respectively), as was the amount of microbial N
      (g/d) synthesized from sources other than rumen ammonia (1.8, 2.0 and 1.9
      respectively). N degradability values calculated from these results were 0.84,
      0.54 and 0.45 for the SBM, GNM and FM respectively. The fractional rate of N
      disappearance (/h) when the feedstuffs were incubated in polyester bags in the
      rumen of sheep receiving the basal hay diet (800 g DM/d) was the highest for SBM
      (0.145) and lowest for FM (0.037), with the hay (0.082) and GNM (0.071)
      intermediate, whilst the fractional outflow rates from the rumen (/h) of the
      three supplements were similar (0.034, 0.038 and 0.030 for SBM, GNM and FM
      respectively). N degradability values calculated from these results were 0.82,
      0.67 and 0.60 for the SBM, GNM and FM respectively; the value for the hay was
      0.73. Of a number of in vitro procedures tested, only N solubility in sodium
      hydroxide and ammonia or total non-protein-N (NPN) production during incubation
      with rumen fluid in the absence of hydrazine sulphate ranked the supplements,
      although not the hay, in the same order as in the vivo degradability
      procedures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4063336
TI  - Contributions of dangling end stacking and terminal base-pair formation to the
      stabilities of XGGCCp, XCCGGp, XGGCCYp, and XCCGGYp helixes.
AB  - The role of stacking in terminal base-pair formation was studied by comparison of
      the stability increments for dangling ends to those for fully formed base pairs.
      Thermodynamic parameters were measured spectrophotometrically for helix formation
      of the hexanucleotides AGGCCUp, UGGCCAp, CGGCCGp, GCCGGCp, and UCCGGAp and for
      the corresponding pentanucleotides containing a 5'-dangling end on the GGCCp or
      CCGGp core helix. In 1 M NaCl at 1 X 10(-4) M strands, a 5'-dangling nucleotide
      in this series increases the duplex melting temperature (Tm) only 0-4 degrees C,
      about the same as adding a 5'-phosphate. In contrast, a 3'-dangling nucleotide
      increases the Tm at 1 X 10(-4) M strands 7-23 degrees C, depending on the
      sequence [Freier, S. M., Burger, B. J., Alkema, D., Neilson, T., & Turner, D. H.
      (1983) Biochemistry 22, 6198-6206]. These results are consistent with stacking
      patterns observed in A-form RNA. The stability increments from terminal A.U, C.G,
      or U.A base pairs on GGCC or a terminal U.A pair on CCGG are nearly equal to the
      sums of the stability increments from the corresponding dangling ends. This
      suggests stacking plays a large role in nucleic acid stability. The stability
      increment from the terminal base pairs in GCCGGCp, however, is about 5 times the
      sum of the corresponding dangling ends, suggesting hydrogen bonding can also make
      important contributions.

PMID- 4063337
TI  - NMR studies on oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing the dam methylation site
      GATC. Comparison between d(GGATCC) and d(GGm6ATCC).
AB  - The conformation of two hexanucleotides, d(GGATCC) and d(GGm6ATCC), has been
      studied by proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE)
      measurements on d(GGATCC) are in agreement with a normal B form right-handed
      helical structure. The single- and double-strand resonances are in fast exchange
      on a proton NMR time scale. The exchange is observed to be slow for d(GGm6ATCC);
      up to the Tm, separate resonances are observed for each state, though above the
      Tm exchange becomes more rapid. The preferred orientation of the adenosine
      methylamino group (methyl cis to N1) hinders base-pair formation. At 0 degree C
      irradiation of the m6A-T imino proton gives an NOE to AH2, showing that base
      pairing is Watson-Crick. Intra- and interresidue NOEs show that the helix is
      right handed and in the B form. Comparing results on the two oligomers
      demonstrates that adenosine methylation induces little or no change in the
      conformation of the helix but reduces the Tm from 45 to 32 degrees C. All of the
      amino proton resonances, as well as the imino resonances, have been assigned.
      From NOE experiments on the unmethylated oligomer we have located the Watson
      Crick and non-Watson-Crick adenosine amino protons. At 0 degree C these
      resonances show broadening due to rotation of the amino group, and their rotation
      is slightly slower than for the adjacent guanosine amino group, though both these
      amino groups have lifetimes of less than 10 ms at 0 degree C. The imino protons
      show normal behavior, disappearing from the spectra ca. 20 degrees C below the
      Tm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4063338
TI  - Kinetic studies of the unfolding-refolding of horse muscle phosphoglycerate
      kinase induced by guanidine hydrochloride.
AB  - The kinetics of the unfolding and refolding of horse muscle phosphoglycerate
      kinase were studied with three different signals: fluorescence emission intensity
      at 336 nm (excitation at 292 nm), ellipticity at 220 nm, and enzyme activity. The
      results corroborate the conclusion on the existence of intermediates in the
      folding pathway obtained from equilibrium studies. Kinetic studies showed at
      least two phases of refolding, as revealed by fluorescence as well as by circular
      dichroism measurements. During the fast phase, an intermediate was formed with a
      fluorescence intensity higher than that of the native protein, but devoid of
      enzyme activity. The fluorescence emission spectrum of this intermediate was
      determined. Only the slow phase was detected for the unfolding process; it was
      not attributable to proline isomerization. Several models were assumed, and
      simulated kinetics derived from these models were compared with the experimental
      results. A plausible one accounting for most of the data is proposed.

PMID- 4063339
TI  - Association-dissociation equilibria of Octopus hemocyanin.
AB  - The equilibria between the native (decameric) Octopus hemocyanin and its subunits
      were studied by analytical sedimentation. Equilibrium is obtained slowly, but the
      reaction is thermodynamically reversible. The mass action law for a monomer
      decamer reaction is obeyed. The reassociated hemocyanin is virtually identical in
      its sedimentation behavior and oxygen binding with the native protein. The
      association-dissociation equilibria are mediated by cations; Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, and
      H+ are all effective in stabilizing the decameric form at appropriate
      concentrations. About three to four cations per monomer must be bound for
      association to occur. Under some conditions, dimers of the subunits can be
      observed, but formation of this dimer does not depend on cation concentration,
      and it does not appear to be an obligate intermediate in the association to
      decamer.

PMID- 4063340
TI  - Oxygen equilibria of Octopus dofleini hemocyanin.
AB  - Oxygen binding by Octopus dofleini hemocyanin was examined under very nearly
      physiological conditions. The effects of pH, ionic composition, temperature, and
      aggregation were controlled so that the role each plays in modulating oxygen
      binding can be isolated. There is a very large effect of pH on affinity, the Bohr
      effect (delta log P50/delta pH = -1.7), which is the same at 10 and 20 degrees C.
      However, cooperativity is substantially altered over the same range of pHs at the
      two temperatures. The allosteric properties were examined by comparing the
      experimental data points to curves generated by use of the Monod-Wyman-Changeux
      model. A computer-fitting process was developed which allowed the individual
      allosteric parameters to be varied independently until the best fit could be
      determined. The relationship between kR and kT is responsible for the effect of
      pH on cooperativity. A change in the allosteric properties of the T form is
      primarily responsible for the differences due to temperature. Changing cation
      concentrations when the molecule is in the fully aggregated 51S form alters
      affinity without influencing cooperativity. The effect of Mg2+ is much greater
      than that of Na+. If the 51S decamer is dissociated to 11S monomers by removing
      divalent cations, oxygen binding is noncooperative. There is evidence for
      negative cooperativity, indicating heterogeneity of function within the subunit
      which contains seven oxygen binding domains. Association into decamers generates
      conformational change which results in a much wider range of allosteric function.

PMID- 4063341
TI  - Analysis of the specific association of the eighth and ninth components of human
      complement: identification of a direct role for the alpha subunit of C8.
AB  - The basis for the physical association between C8 and C9 in solution was examined
      by isolating the noncovalently associated alpha-gamma and beta subunits of C8 and
      determining their respective affinities for C9. Results indicate that only alpha
      gamma associates with C9 and this association, though reversible, is complete at
      near equimolar ratios of each component. Further experiments using purified alpha
      or gamma revealed that only alpha was capable of forming a stable complex with
      C9. Although the strength of this interaction was dependent on salt
      concentration, association was observed in buffer of physiological ionic strength
      and in human serum. These results establish that the domain on C8 responsible for
      interaction with C9 is located entirely within alpha. In related experiments,
      addition of beta to performed dimers of either (alpha-gamma + C9) or (alpha + C9)
      resulted in complete association of this subunit. These particular results
      indicate that there are two physically distinct sites on alpha that separately
      mediate association of alpha with beta and with C9. Furthermore, occupation of
      one site does not impair interaction at the other.

PMID- 4063342
TI  - Functional domains of the alpha subunit of the eighth component of human
      complement: identification and characterization of a distinct binding site for
      the gamma chain.
AB  - The purified gamma subunit of the eighth component of human complement (C8) was
      used to characterize its site of interaction within C8 and to probe the
      ultrastructure of membrane-bound C5b-8 and C5b-9 complexes. Purification of gamma
      was accomplished by separating the disulfide-linked alpha-gamma subunit from the
      noncovalently associated beta chain and subjecting the former to limited
      reduction, alkylation, and ion-exchange chromatography. Upon mixing, purified
      alpha and gamma exhibited a high affinity for each other, as evidenced by their
      ability to form a noncovalent, equimolar complex at dilute concentrations and in
      the presence of excess serum albumin. Purified gamma also exhibited an affinity
      for C8', a previously described derivative that is functionally similar to C8
      although it is composed of only alpha and beta. These results indicate that alpha
      possesses a specific site for interaction with gamma and that this site is
      preserved in the isolated subunit. Furthermore, this site remains accessible when
      alpha is associated with beta. In related experiments, gamma was found to
      specifically associate with membrane-bound C5b-8' and C5b-(8')9 complexes. These
      results indicate that the site for gamma interaction remains accessible on alpha
      in C5b-8' and is not shielded by C9 within C5b-(8')9. It is concluded that the
      gamma subunit of C8 is located on the surface of membrane-bound C5b-8 and C5b-9.

PMID- 4063343
TI  - Direct measurements of forces between phosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidylethanolamine bilayers in aqueous electrolyte solutions.
AB  - We report direct measurements of the full interbilayer force laws (force vs.
      distance) between bilayers of various phosphatidylcholines and
      phosphatidylethanolamine in aqueous solutions. Bilayers were first deposited on
      molecularly smooth (mica) surfaces and the interbilayer forces then measured at a
      resolution of 1 A. Three types of forces were identified: attractive van der
      Waals forces, repulsive electrostatic (double-layer) forces, and (at short range)
      repulsive steric hydration forces. Double-layer forces, which arise from ion
      binding, were insignificant in monovalent salt solutions, e.g., NaCl up to 1 M,
      but were already present in solutions containing millimolar levels of CaCl2 and
      MgCl2, giving rise to forces in excellent agreement with theory. Ca2+ binds more
      strongly than Mg2+, and both bind less to lecithin bilayers in the fluid state (T
      greater than Tc). The plane of charge coincides with the location of the negative
      phosphate groups, while the effective plane of origin of the van der Waals force
      is 4-5 A farther out. In water, the adhesion energies are in the range 0.10-0.15
      erg/cm2 for lecithins and approximately 0.8 erg/cm2 for phosphatidylethanolamine.
      The adhesion energies vary on addition of salt due to changes in the repulsive
      double-layer and hydration forces rather than to a change in the attractive van
      der Waals force. The short-range repulsive forces which balance the van der Waals
      force at separations of 10-30 A are due to a combination of hydration and steric
      repulsions, the latter arising from thermal motions of head groups and thickness
      fluctuations of fluid bilayers (above Tc). It is also concluded that bilayer
      fusion is not simply related to the interbilayer force law.

PMID- 4063344
TI  - Interaction of differently oriented lipids in monolayer: mixed monolayers of 16
      (9-anthroyloxy)palmitic acid with phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol.
AB  - 16-(9-Anthroyloxy)palmitic acid (16-AP) is a bifunctional molecule with carboxyl
      and 9-anthroyloxy groups attached at both ends of the hydrocarbon chain. At the
      air-water interface, in a monolayer, the 16-AP molecule has horizontal and
      vertical orientations, depending on the surface pressure of the monolayer. The
      miscibilities of 16-AP with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), cholesterol
      (CH), and fatty acids in mixed monolayers were evaluated in investigations of
      monolayer phase transitions. Lipid molecules with flexible hydrocarbon chains,
      i.e., DMPC and fatty acids, formed homogeneous mixed monolayers with horizontally
      oriented 16-AP. On the other hand, the rigid molecule, CH, could not accommodate
      the horizontally oriented 16-AP in a monolayer, and there was a phase separation
      from 16-AP. In biological and reconstituted membranes, preferential binding of
      phospholipid to the integral protein and exclusion of cholesterol in close
      vicinity of the membrane protein have been recognized. On the basis of this work,
      it can be expected that flexible lipids readily accommodate the rough hydrophobic
      surface of integral proteins and stabilize the structure of the protein, while
      rigid lipids such as cholesterol are removed from the immediate environment of
      the membrane protein, if the protein does not interact specifically with the
      rigid lipids.

PMID- 4063345
TI  - Kinetics of Ca2+-induced fusion of cardiolipin-phosphatidylcholine vesicles:
      correlation between vesicle aggregation, bilayer destabilization, and fusion.
AB  - We have investigated the kinetics of Ca2+-induced aggregation and fusion of large
      unilamellar vesicles composed of an equimolar mixture of bovine heart cardiolipin
      and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine. Mixing of bilayer lipids was monitored with an
      assay based on resonance energy transfer (RET) and mixing of aqueous vesicle
      contents with the Tb/dipicolinate assay. The results obtained with either assay
      were analyzed in terms of a mass action kinetic model, providing separate rate
      constants for vesicle aggregation and for the fusion reaction proper. At
      different Ca2+ concentrations, either at 25 degrees C or at 37 degrees C,
      aggregation rate constants derived from the data obtained with the RET assay were
      the same as those derived from the Tb/dipicolinate data, indicating that mixing
      of bilayer lipids occurred only during vesicle aggregation events that resulted
      in mixing of aqueous contents as well. At 25 degrees C, identical fusion rate
      constants were obtained with either assay, indicating that at this temperature
      the probability of lipid mixing and that of aqueous contents mixing, occurring
      after vesicle aggregation, were the same. The fusion rate constants for the RET
      assay increased more steeply with increasing temperature than the fusion rate
      constants derived from the Tb/dipicolinate data. As a result, at 37 degrees C the
      tendency of the vesicles, after aggregation, to mix lipids was slightly higher
      than their tendency to mix aqueous contents. The aggregation rate constants
      increased steeply with Ca2+ concentrations increasing in a narrow range (9.5-11
      mM), indicating that, in addition to a Ca2+-dependent charge neutralization on
      the vesicle surface, structural changes in the lipid bilayer are involved in the
      aggregation process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4063346
TI  - Hexane dissolved in dioleoyllecithin bilayers has a partial molar volume of
      approximately zero.
AB  - Neutron diffraction has been used to measure the amount and distribution of
      hexane incorporated from the vapor phase into oriented
      dioleoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers at 66% relative humidity. We reported
      earlier that hexane at low concentrations is located largely in a zone 10 A wide
      at the center of the bilayer [White, S. H., King, G. I., & Cain, J. E. (1981)
      Nature (London) 290, 161-163]. Extending these studies to high hexane
      concentrations, we find no readily apparent change in the volume of the
      hydrocarbon region of the bilayer even though more than one hexane molecule per
      lipid enters the region. The hexane partial molar volume in the bilayer
      hydrocarbon region is thus approximately zero. Within our statistical confidence
      limits, the partial molar volume is certainly no greater than one-third the
      molecular volume of the hexane. Further, analysis of the data suggests that the
      mass density of the bilayer is considerably less than 1 in the absence of hexane.
      These findings are in conflict with the assumptions usually made about lipid
      bilayers and their interaction with nonpolar hydrophobic molecules. In the course
      of these experiments, we found that standard methods of interpreting diffraction
      results were not suitable for our purposes. We thus developed several new methods
      which are summarized in the text and two appendixes. One of these methods allows
      us to define with precision the width of the hydrocarbon core of the bilayer. The
      other provides a means of calculating the effects of changes in the absolute
      scaling of the bilayers with changes in composition without placing the
      structures on an absolute scattering length density scale.

PMID- 4063347
TI  - Fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of lipid fatty acyl chain order
      and dynamics in Acholeplasma laidlawii B membranes. A direct comparison of the
      effects of cis and trans cyclopropane ring and double-bond substituents on
      orientational order.
AB  - The hydrocarbon chain orientational order parameters of membranes of Acholeplasma
      laidlawii B, enriched with large quantities of fatty acids containing either a
      cis or a trans cyclopropane ring or a cis or trans double bond, plus small
      quantities of one of an isomeric series of monofluoropalmitic acids, were
      determined via fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy over a range
      of temperatures spanning the corresponding gel to liquid-crystalline phase
      transitions (determined via differential scanning calorimetry). Membrane
      orientational order profiles in the liquid-crystalline state were generally
      similar, regardless of the particular fatty acid structure present, showing a
      region of relatively constant order preceding a region of progressively
      decreasing order toward the methyl terminus of the acyl chain. In the gel state,
      the order profiles in the presence of either a trans cyclopropane ring or trans
      double-bond substituent were similar and were characterized by a pronounced head
      to tail gradient of order at temperatures just below the lipid phase transition,
      while at temperatures far below the lipid phase transition this gradient was less
      pronounced, all chain positions showing a more uniformly high degree of
      orientational ordering. In the gel state, the order profiles in the presence of
      either a cis cyclopropane ring or a cis double-bond substituent were also similar
      but were highly unusual in that order first increased and only then subsequently
      decreased toward the acyl chain methyl terminus. In addition, the substituents in
      the cis configuration, whether a cyclopropane ring or a double bond, were overall
      more disordered in the gel state than the corresponding substituents in the trans
      configuration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4063348
TI  - Acyl chain dynamics of phosphatidylethanolamines containing oleic acid and
      dihydrosterculic acid: 2H NMR relaxation studies.
AB  - The dynamical behavior of the acyl chains of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3
      phosphocholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, and 1
      palmitoyl-2-dihydrosterculoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine has been
      investigated by using 2H T1 and T2 relaxation times. Lipids were labeled at the 5
      ,9-,10-, and 16-positions of the sn-2 acyl chain. The profile of deuterium spin
      lattice relaxation rate (T1(-1) vs. chain position is characterized in all
      systems by a marked discontinuity at the positions of the carbon-carbon double
      bond and the cyclopropane ring; the deuterons at these positions have relaxation
      rates which are greater than at any other labeled position of the sn-2 chain. For
      both types of sn-2 acyl chain, assuming a single-exponential correlation time and
      that the motion is within the rapid regime, the phosphatidylcholine lipid systems
      are less mobile than their phosphatidylethanolamine analogues. Systems containing
      an oleoyl chain are more dynamic than their analogues containing a
      dihydrosterculoyl chain. The rates of motion of the sn-2 acyl chains of
      phosphatidylethanolamine in a bilayer structure are slower than those of the
      lipid in an inverted hexagonal structure. In the hexagonal phase, the motional
      rates of a dihydrosterculoyl chain are slower than those of the corresponding
      positions of an oleoyl chain.

PMID- 4063349
TI  - Deglycosylation of asparagine-linked glycans by peptide:N-glycosidase F.
AB  - Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F (Endo F) and peptide:N-glycosidase F (PNGase
      F) were purified from cultures of Flavobacterium meningosepticum by ammonium
      sulfate precipitation followed by gel filtration on TSK HW-55(S). This system
      separated the two enzymes and provided PNGase F in a high state of purity, but
      the basis for the resolution appeared to be hydrophobic interaction and not
      molecular size. Studies using purified Endo F and PNGase F with defined
      glycopeptides demonstrated that Endo F was somewhat similar to Endo H in that it
      hydrolyzed many, but not all, high-mannose and hybrid oligosaccharides, as well
      as complex biantennary oligosaccharides. PNGase F, in contrast, hydrolyzed all
      classes of asparagine-linked glycans examined, provided both the alpha-amino and
      carboxyl groups of the asparagine residue were in peptide linkage.
      Deglycosylation studies with PNGase F revealed that many proteins in their native
      conformation were susceptible to this enzyme but that prior denaturation in
      sodium dodecyl sulfate greatly decreased the amount of enzyme required for
      complete carbohydrate removal.

PMID- 4063350
TI  - NMR structural analysis of a membrane protein: bacteriorhodopsin peptide backbone
      orientation and motion.
AB  - In reconstituted vesicles above the lipid phase transition temperature,
      bacteriorhodopsin (BR) undergoes rotational diffusion about an axis perpendicular
      to the plane of the bilayer [Cherry, R. J., Muller, U., & Schneider, G. (1977)
      FEBS Lett. 80, 465]. This diffusion narrows the 13C NMR powder line shape of the
      BR peptide carbonyls. In contrast, BR in native purple membrane is relatively
      immobile and exhibits a rigid-lattice powder line shape. By use of the principal
      values of the rigid-lattice chemical shift tensor and the motionally narrowed
      line shape from the reconstituted system, the range of Euler angles of the
      leucine peptide groups relative to the diffusion axis has been calculated. The
      experimentally observed line shape is inconsistent with those expected for
      structures which consist entirely of either alpha helix or beta sheet
      perpendicular to the membrane or beta sheet tilted at angles up to about 60
      degrees from the membrane normal. However, for two more complex structural
      models, the predicted line shapes agree well with the experimental one. These
      are, first, a structure consisting entirely of alpha1 helices tilted at 20
      degrees from the membrane normal and, second, a combination of 60% alpha II helix
      perpendicular to the membrane plane and 40% antiparallel beta sheet tilted at 10
      20 degrees from the membrane normal. The results also indicate that the peptide
      backbone of bacteriorhodopsin in native purple membrane is extremely rigid even
      at 40 degrees. The experiments presented here demonstrate a new approach, using
      solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods, for structural studies of
      transmembrane proteins in fluid membrane environments, either natural or
      reconstituted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4063351
TI  - Plastocyanin conformation: the effect of the oxidation state on the pKa of
      nitrotyrosine-83.
AB  - Plastocyanin treated with tetranitromethane was nitrated at a single location,
      Tyr-83. Tyr-83 and its neighboring negative charges have been implicated as a
      binding site for positively charged redox agents (Chapman, S.K., Watson, A.D. and
      Sykes, A.G. (1983) J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1983, 2543-2548). No effect was
      observed on either the plastocyanin midpoint redox potential or its reaction
      kinetics with P-700+ and cytochrome f. This makes nitration an ideal
      spectroscopic probe for monitoring changes in the environment of Tyr-83. The pKa
      of the nitrotyrosine was 8.6 and 8.3 for reduced and oxidized plastocyanin,
      respectively, indicating that the charge on the copper atom is 'felt' at Tyr-83.
      The high pKa value for both forms indicates that Tyr-83 is in a negatively
      charged environment, near residues Nos. 42-45 and Nos. 59-61. The extinction of
      the nitrotyrosine chromophore at 360 nm was not affected by a change in redox
      state. However, the ellipticity of this transition was greater for the oxidized
      form, indicating that environment of Tyr-83 is dependent upon the charge on the
      copper atom. This suggests an electrostatically driven conformational change at
      Tyr-83. A conformational change at Tyr-83 could regulate the binding of
      plastocyanin with its reaction partners in order to promote smooth electron
      transport.

PMID- 4063352
TI  - Partial purification of the superoxide-generating system of macrophages. Possible
      association of the NADPH oxidase activity with a low-potential (-247 mV)
      cytochrome b.
AB  - NADPH oxidase activity was solubilized by detergent treatment of subcellular
      particles obtained from guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages stimulated with phorbol
      myristate acetate. Gel filtration of the material containing the NADPH oxidase
      activity gave two peaks of proteins, one of which eluted with the void and the
      other with the included volume of an AcA 22 column. The material eluted in the
      void volume contained more than 50% of the NADPH oxidase activity and less than
      10% of the NAD(P)H cytochrome c reductase activity. A b-type cytochrome with
      peaks of absorption at 558, 528 and 426 nm was also enriched in the fraction
      which contained the NADPH oxidase activity. The distribution of flavoproteins as
      revealed by the measurement of FAD was different from that of NADPH oxidase and
      cytochrome b, and followed the elution profile of NADH cytochrome c reductase.
      Studies in subcellular particles showed that the b cytochromes of mitochondria
      and endoplasmic reticulum reduced by selective biochemical means accounted for
      only a minor part of the total b-type cytochromes and that the new cytochrome b
      previously described in neutrophils is the major chromophore also in macrophages.
      Oxidation-reduction midpoint potential of the partially purified cytochrome b was
      shown to be -247 mV. Association of cytochrome b with the NADPH oxidase activity
      and its very low Em7.0 makes it a suitable candidate to be part of the superoxide
      generating system also in macrophages.

PMID- 4063353
TI  - A futile cycle in erythrocyte glycolysis.
AB  - The storage lesion which limits the shelf life of human blood in blood banking is
      associated with a metabolic loss of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and ATP. This
      metabolic loss is driven by intracellular ATPase which are usually considered to
      include the ion pumps and the reactions which maintain the discoid shape of the
      human erythrocyte. Under the acidic conditions of blood storage, the energy
      yielding reactions of the glycolytic pathway are restricted at the hexokinase and
      phosphofructokinase steps. We show here that under such circumstances the enzyme
      of the diphosphoglycerate shunt, diphosphoglycerate mutase/phosphatase and the
      glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase can form a futile cycle with ATPase
      activity. This ATPase activity responds to 2-phosphoglycolate which is known to
      activate both diphosphoglycerate mutase and diphosphoglycerate phosphatase
      reactions. When the enzymes of the futile cycle are combined with the enzymes of
      the lower glycolytic pathway in a reconstitution experiment designed to represent
      conditions within the stored erythrocyte, the futile cycle does provide an ATPase
      activity which results in the metabolic loss of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. An
      isotope incorporation experiment demonstrates that the futile cycle is active in
      glucose-depleted erythrocytes.

PMID- 4063354
TI  - Purification of reconstitutively active alpha-oxoglutarate carrier from pig heart
      mitochondria.
AB  - The alpha-oxoglutarate carrier from pig heart mitochondria has been solubilized
      with Triton X-114 and purified by chromatography on hydroxyapatite and celite in
      the presence of cardiolipin. When applied to SDS gel electrophoresis, the
      purified protein consists of only a single protein band with an apparent Mr of
      31.5 kDa. It corresponds to band 4 of the five protein bands previously
      identified in the hydroxyapatite pass-through of Triton X-114 solubilized heart
      mitochondria (Bisaccia, F. and Palmieri, F. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 766,
      386-394). When reconstituted into liposomes the alpha-oxoglutarate transport
      protein catalyzes a phthalonate-sensitive alpha-oxoglutarate/alpha-oxoglutarate
      exchange. It is purified 250-fold with a recovery of 62% and a protein yield of
      0.1% with respect to the mitochondrial extract. The properties of the
      reconstituted carrier, i.e., the requirements for a counteranion, the substrate
      specificity and the inhibitor sensitivity, are similar to those described for
      alpha-oxoglutarate transport in mitochondria.

PMID- 4063355
TI  - Location of ubiquinone-10 (CoQ-10) in phospholipid vesicles.
AB  - Egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes were prepared by ultrasonic
      irradiation. At least 25 mol% of coenzyme Q-10 (CoQ-10) can be incorporated
      nonstoichiometrically into PC liposomes. Electron microscopy showed no visible
      influence of CoQ-10 on the membrane structure. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra
      of sonicated PC liposomes containing CoQ-10 showed two peaks (3.82 and 3.98 ppm)
      due to CoQ-10 methoxyl protons and a 'high-field component' (1.52 and 1.58 ppm).
      The areas of these peaks were inversely related and influenced by the time of
      ultrasonic irradiation. After short sonication the low-field positions (3.98/1.58
      ppm) are favoured, after long sonication the high-field positions (3.82/1.52
      ppm). No gradual shift of the two peaks is observed. The 'critical' liposome
      diameter was found to be between 500 to 700 A. Lanthanide induced pseudocontact
      shift on CoQ-10 resonances ('high-field component' and methoxyl) does not lead to
      a split of the peaks and the difference between them remains constant. It is
      concluded that CoQ-10 is incorporated into the membrane core, beyond C-2 of the
      PC acyl chains, with two bilayer curvature-dependent resonance positions.

PMID- 4063356
TI  - Effect of halothane on Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum
      vesicles isolated from rat skeletal muscle.
AB  - Halothane induces the release of Ca2+ from a subpopulation of sarcoplasmic
      reticulum vesicles that are derived from the terminal cisternae of rat skeletal
      muscle. Halothane-induced Ca2+ release appears to be an enhancement of Ca2+
      induced Ca2+ release. The low-density sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles which are
      believed to be derived from nonjunctional sarcoplasmic reticulum lack the
      capability of both Ca2+-induced and halothane-induced Ca2+ release. Ca2+ release
      from terminal cisternae vesicles induced by halothane is inhibited by Ruthenium
      red and Mg2+, and require ATP (or an ATP analogue), KCl (or similar salt) and
      extravesicular Ca2+. Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release has similar characteristics.

PMID- 4063357
TI  - An X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetric study on the effect
      of sucrose on the properties of phosphatidylcholine bilayers.
AB  - The influence of sucrose, between 0 and 70% in the aqueous phase, upon
      multilamellar liposomes of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine was examined by
      differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analysis. Increasing
      concentrations of sucrose increase the temperatures of both the main transition
      and the pretransition of the lipid. The effect is greater on the pretransition
      than on the main transition. At 35 degrees C the interlamellar spacing in the
      multilamellar liposomes is reduced by increasing sucrose concentration in the
      aqueous phase and no significant effects are seen in the chain lattice of the
      bilayers. This result is interpreted as a dehydrating effect of sucrose upon the
      bilayer-water system at 35 degrees C. At 5 degrees C the interlamellar spacing is
      increased and this increase is, at high (70%) sucrose concentrations,
      attributable to an untilting of the lipid acyl chains with no change in the
      thickness of the aqueous layers in the multilamellae.

PMID- 4063358
TI  - Size analysis of biological membrane vesicles by gel filtration, dynamic light
      scattering and electron microscopy.
AB  - Biological membrane vesicles are analysed in terms of size and size distribution
      using gel filtration on Sephacryl S-1000, electron microscopy and quasi-elastic
      light scattering. The agreement between the three methods is satisfactory
      particularly for homogeneous dispersions. Gel filtration on Sephacryl S-1000 is a
      quick and convenient method for the routine size analysis of membrane vesicles up
      to a diameter of about 250 nm.

PMID- 4063359
TI  - Stimulation of glucose transport in skeletal muscle by the sodium ionophore
      monensin.
AB  - The tissue/medium distribution of the nonmetabolized glucose analog 3-O-methyl-D
      glucose was measured in mouse diaphragm muscle and related to changes in 45Ca
      influx, Na+ content and Na+-pump activity. In the presence of external Ca2+ the
      sodium ionophore monensin greatly increased cellular Na+ content (and decreased
      K+ content) although 86Rb uptake, reflecting Na+-pump activity was increased.
      Concomitantly, 45Ca influx was stimulated, presumably through activation of Na+
      Ca2+ exchange. In parallel to the rise in Ca2+ influx sugar transport was also
      increased. Sugar transport was also increased by monensin in the nominal absence
      of external Ca2+, when Ca2+ influx was minimal. To test if monensin releases Ca2+
      from intracellular storage sites in the absence of external Ca2+, the ionophore
      was added to medium perfusing rat hind limb preparations and the total Ca content
      of muscle mitochondria was determined. When Ca2+ was present in the perfusate,
      monensin increased the mitochondrial Ca content. In the absence of Ca2+, the
      mitochondrial Ca content was lower and was further depressed by monensin,
      suggesting that elevation of internal Na+ by monensin may increase mitochondrial
      Ca2+ loss via activation of Na+-Ca2+ exchange across the mitochondrial membrane.
      The above results are consistent with the effect of monensin on sugar transport
      being due to alterations in Ca2+ distribution. They support the earlier
      conclusion that regulation of sugar transport in muscle is Ca2+ dependent.

PMID- 4063360
TI  - Monensin stimulates sugar transport in avian erythrocytes.
AB  - The cell-medium distribution of the nonmetabolized glucose analog, 3-O-methyl-D
      glucose was studied in pigeon erythrocytes. The sodium ionophore monensin
      increased in parallel and in a dose-dependent manner the influx of hexose and of
      Na+. These effects were independent of external Ca2+ and there was no alteration
      in 45Ca influx. If, as suggested previously, hexose transport in these cells is
      modulated by cytoplasmic Ca2+, the stimulatory effect of monensin on hexose
      transport may be due to increased mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux via Na+-Ca2+
      exchange, owing to the elevation of cytoplasmic Na+. Such a mechanism is
      consistent with the observed failure of monensin to affect 3-O-methyl-D-glucose
      transport in cells partially depleted of Ca2+. Monensin also depressed cellular
      ATP levels but the data favour a Ca2+-dependent mechanism of hexose transport
      regulation rather than a direct effect of metabolic depletion. The inhibitor of
      specific-mediated hexose transport, cytochalasin B was found to inhibit equally
      basal and stimulated 3-O-methyl-D-glucose uptake but there was a cytochalasin B
      insensitive uptake component in excess of L-glucose uptake. This appears to
      reflect a greater diffusional permeability of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose than of L
      glucose.

PMID- 4063361
TI  - Ca2+-induced fusion of phosphatidylserine vesicles: mass action kinetic analysis
      of membrane lipid mixing and aqueous contents mixing.
AB  - We have investigated the initial kinetics of Ca2+-induced aggregation and fusion
      of phosphatidylserine large unilamellar vesicles at 3, 5 and 10 mM Ca2+ and 15,
      25 and 35 degrees C, utilizing the Tb/dipicolinate (Tb/DPA) assay for mixing of
      aqueous vesicle contents and a resonance energy transfer (RET) assay for mixing
      of bilayer lipids. Separate rate constants for vesicle aggregation as well as
      deaggregation and for the fusion reaction itself were determined by analysis of
      the data in terms of a mass action kinetic model. At 15 degrees C the aggregation
      rate constants for either assay are the same, indicating that at this temperature
      all vesicle aggregation events that result in lipid mixing lead to mixing of
      aqueous contents as well. By contrast, at 35 degrees C the RET aggregation rate
      constants are higher than the Tb/DPA aggregation rate constants, indicating a
      significant frequency of reversible vesicle aggregation events that do result in
      mixing of bilayer lipids, but not in mixing of aqueous vesicle contents. In any
      conditions, the RET fusion rate constants are considerably higher than the Tb/DPA
      fusion rate constants, demonstrating the higher tendency of the vesicles, once
      aggregated, to mix lipids than to mix aqueous contents. This possibly reflects
      the formation of an intermediate fusion structure. With increasing Ca2+
      concentrations the RET and the Tb/DPA fusion rate constants increase in parallel
      with the respective aggregation rate constants. This suggests that fusion
      susceptibility is conferred on the vesicles during the process of vesicle
      aggregation and not solely as a result of the interaction of Ca2+ with isolated
      vesicles. Aggregation of the vesicles in the presence of Mg2+ produces neither
      mixing of aqueous vesicle contents nor mixing of bilayer lipids.

PMID- 4063362
TI  - Urea reflection coefficient for the human red cell membrane.
AB  - The reflection coefficient, sigma, is an irreversible thermodynamic parameter
      which measures the interaction between solute and solvent in passage across a
      membrane. The initial estimate of Goldstein and Solomon ((1960) J. Gen. Physiol.
      44, 1-17) by the zero-time method gave sigma urea = 0.6 for the human red cell
      membrane and a more recent measurement by Levitt and Mlekoday ((1983) J. Gen.
      Physiol. 81, 239-253) using a different method gave sigma urea = 0.95. We have
      now developed a variant of the zero-time method which gives sigma urea = 0.70 +/-
      0.02, which is significantly different from 1.0. There has been controversy as to
      whether urea permeates the human red cell by the same channel used by water or by
      a different route. The finding that sigma urea is significantly less than 1.0
      (actually less than 0.95) makes it possible to discriminate between these two
      possibilities since completely independent transfer of urea and water mandates a
      value of sigma urea = 0.95. Values significantly lower than 0.95 can only be
      achieved if the transport of the solute, urea, is coupled to that of the solvent,
      water.

PMID- 4063363
TI  - Effect of tunicamycin on hexose transport in mouse embryo fibroblast Swiss 3T3
      cells.
AB  - The role of glycosylation of the carrier in the transporting activity was
      investigated in Swiss 3T3 cells. Inhibition of protein glycosylation by
      tunicamycin resulted in the decrease of hexose uptake in a dose- and time
      dependent manner without a cytotoxic effect. From kinetic analysis, a decrease in
      the number or availability of hexose carriers in the plasma membrane was
      suggested. This was in good correlation with the decrease in the amount of
      photoaffinity cytochalasin B binding in the plasma membrane by the treatment with
      tunicamycin. The rate of phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate-induced translocation of the
      hexose carrier from microsomal to plasma membrane was reduced in tunicamycin
      treated cells, which may be correlated with the decrease in the number of the
      completely glycosylated carrier translocatable from the microsomal membrane. In
      both tunicamycin-treated and untreated cells, the stimulation of hexose transport
      by phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate was abolished by the removal of phorbol 12,13
      dibutyrate, and upon its readdition the stimulation recovered to the same degree
      as before the removal. Thus, the recycling of the functionally mature hexose
      carrier appeared not to be affected by the treatment with tunicamycin. These
      results suggested that complete glycosylation of the carrier may be necessary for
      the translocation of the carrier from microsomal to plasma membrane to accomplish
      its function on the cell surface.

PMID- 4063364
TI  - Extemporaneous preparation of large unilamellar liposomes.
AB  - Direct contact between lipids solubilized by octyl glucoside and Amberlite XAD-2
      beads yielded large liposomes (240 nm diameter) with no residual detergent
      molecules, in less than 10 min. This extemporaneous preparation of liposomes was
      prepared with a detergent/bead ratio no higher than 0.12 (mumol/mg) and a
      phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine/cholesterol molar ratio of 1:1:1. The
      liposomes were mainly unilamellar, as deduced from thin section and freeze
      fracture electron micrographs and from measurement of calcein incorporation into
      the vesicles. The relatively large internal volume of these vesicles (8.9 l/mol
      lipid) accounts for the high percentage of entrapped material observed. The
      percentage increased with lipid concentration, but could not be increased above
      20% corresponding to 20 mM total lipids.

PMID- 4063365
TI  - Variation in protein lateral diffusion coefficients is related to variation in
      protein concentration found in mitochondrial inner membranes.
AB  - The electrophoretic freeze-fracture electron microscopy method (Sowers, A.E. and
      Hackenbrock, C.R. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 6246-6250) for measuring
      the lateral diffusion coefficient of integral proteins was applied to a large
      population of spherical-shaped mitochondrial inner membranes. Membrane integral
      protein concentration was estimated by determining the intramembrane particle
      concentration. Analysis of the data reveals that: (a) the radii of the spherical
      inner membranes in the selected population ranged from 0.22 to 1.2 micron, (b)
      the intramembrane particle concentrations ranged from 2300 to 6400 per micron2,
      and (c) the calculated lateral diffusion coefficients of the intramembrane
      particles ranged from 1.3 X 10(-10) to 3.35 X 10(-9) cm2/s. The data clearly show
      a naturally occurring large range in protein concentration in the mitochondrial
      inner membrane and an inverse correlation of lateral diffusion coefficient with
      the membrane protein concentration. This study is the first to show that the
      lateral diffusion coefficient of integral proteins in a native membrane varies as
      the membrane protein concentration.

PMID- 4063366
TI  - The influence of cellular ATP levels on dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine-induced
      release of vesicles from human erythrocytes.
AB  - Release of membrane vesicles from human erythrocytes was induced by modulation of
      red cell ATP levels, by incubation of erythrocytes with sonicated
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) suspensions, or by a sequential combination
      of both procedures. When red blood cell ATP levels were decreased prior to
      incubation with DMPC, the lag-time between addition of the lipid and beginning of
      vesiculation was reduced. Furthermore, the rate of vesicle release itself was
      accelerated. Experiments carried out with a rapid ATP depletion technique showed
      that the onset of vesiculation and the release were most evidently accelerated in
      those cases where echinocytes had been formed prior to the addition of DMPC. The
      results suggest that red blood cells with reduced cellular ATP levels or an
      altered cell shape are more susceptible to a further perturbation of the membrane
      by addition of exogenous DMPC.

PMID- 4063368
TI  - Gangliosides do not move from apical to basolateral plasma membrane in cultured
      epithelial cells.
AB  - Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to ascertain whether
      gangliosides, incorporated into the apical plasma membrane of cultured epithelial
      cells from kidney of toad (A6) and dog (MDCK), were able to redistribute past the
      tight junctions to the basolateral membrane. The apical surfaces of confluent
      epithelia were exposed to rhodaminyl gangliosides and the distribution of the
      inserted gangliosides was assessed qualitatively by fluorescence microscopy. All
      of the fluorescence was confined to the apical surface for at least 1 h after the
      fluorescent gangliosides had become incorporated; none appeared on the
      basolateral surface. These observations were confirmed by incubating the cells
      with anti-rhodamine antibodies and 125I-labeled protein A. In order to quantitate
      further the ganglioside distribution, binding assays were performed using 125I
      labeled cholera toxin, which binds specifically to ganglioside GM1. Exogenous GM1
      added to the apical membrane was not detected on the basolateral membrane 4 h
      after its incorporation even though there was extensive disappearance of the
      inserted ganglioside, presumably through endocytosis. To directly examine the
      behaviour of endogenous gangliosides, the apical surface of the epithelial cells
      was exposed to bacterial neuraminidase, which hydrolyzes more complex
      gangliosides to GM1. The cells exhibited a 10-fold increase in binding of cholera
      toxin to their apical surface, but no increase in binding to their basolateral
      surface. Thus, no cellular pathways for movement from apical to basolateral
      plasma membrane appear to be available for implanted or endogenous gangliosides.

PMID- 4063367
TI  - Isolation of the dorsal, ventral and intracellular domains of HeLa cell plasma
      membranes following adhesion to a gelatin substrate.
AB  - The plasma membrane is a complex organelle responsible for many cellular
      functions. In addition to mediating the exchange of components with the
      extracellular fluid, the plasma membrane is involved in cell adhesion to matrix
      proteins in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, adherent cells have three distinct
      plasma membrane domains to carry out these functions: one attached to the
      substrate (ventral); another exposed to the media (dorsal); and an intracellular
      domain  involved in endocytosis and secretion. A technique has been developed for
      the rapid isolation of these specific domains from HeLa cells immediately
      following adhesion to a gelatin substrate. The isolation procedure utilizes the
      tight binding of cationic colloidal silica to the dorsal plasma membrane domain
      of attached cells. Following silica binding and cell lysis, the silica-coated
      dorsal plasma membrane domain is readily separated from intracellular plasma
      membrane components by virtue of the high density of the silica pellicle, and the
      intact ventral plasma membrane domain remains attached to the gelatin substrate.
      Fluorescence and electron microscopy and biochemical studies using 125I
      lactoperoxidase labeling, 125I-labeled wheat germ agglutinin binding, and [3H]
      fucose incorporation into plasma membrane glycoproteins confirmed the separation
      of these three topologically distinct plasma membrane domains. The fractions
      isolated by the technique contained essentially all of the plasma membrane
      components present in intact cells. This unique membrane-isolation procedure is
      now being used to analyze membrane flow during plasma membrane domain formation
      accompanying cell adhesion to an extracellular matrix.

PMID- 4063369
TI  - Selective release of integral proteins from human erythrocyte membranes by
      hydrostatic pressure.
AB  - The overt effect of pressure on biological membranes is mediated predominantly
      through lipid condensation and disintegration of cytoskeletal polymers. These may
      lead to selective shedding of integral proteins, which could then be isolated by
      conventional means. In this study we have used the well characterised human
      erythrocyte membrane in order to establish the technical requirements for future
      use of pressure, as an alternative to detergents, in isolation of membrane
      proteins. Pressure of varying magnitude (300-1640 bar) and duration (5-60 min)
      was applied on human erythrocyte ghost membranes in suspension at different
      temperatures (4, 24 and 37 degrees C) and in the presence of various solutes.
      After ultracentrifugation protein and lipids remaining in the supernatant were
      quantified and analysed. It is indicated that selective integral membrane
      proteins can be shed off under defined conditions and presumably remain in
      solution by the support of strongly associated phospholipids and specific
      solutes. On the basis of our findings a series of technical recommendations for
      the isolation of specific membrane proteins is outlined.

PMID- 4063370
TI  - Accumulation and drainage of hemin in the red cell membrane.
AB  - The subject of hemin intercalation in red cell membranes and the correlation of
      the accumulated hemin level with the membrane pathology was studied. Methods
      which made use of dioxan and octan-2-ol mixtures to quantitate small amounts of
      hemin in membranes were developed. Applying these methods, hemin levels were
      measured in the cytoskeleton and the remaining lipid core of various red cell
      membranes. The amount of hemin, in both membrane fractions, was higher in
      pathological cells of sickle cell anemia and beta-thalassemia as compared to
      normal circulating cells. Correlation exists between the amount of the membrane
      accumulated hemin and the severity of the disease. The level of hemin in the
      membrane was found to be age dependent, old cells in circulation accumulating
      more hemin than young cells. The level of hemin in all cells tested was much
      lower than the amount found previously to cause immediate hemolysis when applied
      externally (Kirschner-Zilber, I., Rabizadeh, E. and Shaklai, N. (1982) Biochim.
      Biophys. Acta 690, 20-30). This was explained by the differences between the
      process leading to immediate lysis and membrane changes recognized as
      pathological by the in-vivo sequestration mechanism. In search of a physiological
      mechanism which may drain the cell membrane from the hazardeous hemin, albumin,
      the main serum protein, was found capable of serving as an efficient agent for
      extracting hemin trapped in red cell membranes. It is suggested that under normal
      conditions albumin extracts enough hemin to leave the erythrocyte with unharmful
      hemin amounts, however, under pathological conditions greater amounts accumulate
      leading to a shorter cell life span.

PMID- 4063371
TI  - Symmetry properties of the Na+-Ca2+ exchange mechanism in cardiac sarcolemmal
      vesicles.
AB  - The Na+-Ca2+ exchange mechanism in cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles can catalyze the
      exchange of Ca2+ on either side of the sarcolemmal membrane for Na+ on the
      opposing side. Little is known regarding the relative affinities of Na+ and Ca2+
      for exchanger binding sites on the intra- and extracellular membrane surfaces. We
      have previously reported (Philipson, K.D. and Nishimoto, A.Y. (1982) J. Biol.
      Chem. 257, 5111-5117) a method for measuring the Na+-Ca2+ exchange of only the
      inside-out vesicles in a mixed population of sarcolemmal vesicles (predominantly
      right-side-out). We concluded that the apparent Km(Ca2+) for Na+i-dependent Ca2+
      uptake was similar for inside-out and right-side-out vesicles. In the present
      study, we examine in detail Na+o-dependent Ca2+ efflux from both the inside-out
      and the total population of vesicles. To load vesicles with Ca2+ prior to
      measurement of Ca2+ efflux, four methods are used: 1, Na+-Ca2+ exchange; 2,
      passive Ca2+ diffusion; 3, ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake; 4, exchange of Ca2+ for Na+
      which has been actively transported into vesicles by the Na+ pump. The first two
      methods load all sarcolemmal vesicles with Ca2+, while the latter two methods
      selectively load inside-out vesicles with Ca2+. We are able to conclude that the
      dependence of Ca2+ efflux on the external Na+ concentration is similar in inside
      out and right-side-out vesicles. Thus the apparent Km(Na+) values (approximately
      equal to 30 mM) of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger are similar on the two surfaces of the
      sarcolemmal membrane. In other experiments, external Na+ inhibited the Na+i
      dependent Ca2+ uptake of the total population of vesicles much more potently than
      that of the inside-out vesicles. Apparently Na+ can compete for the Ca2+ binding
      site more effectively on the external surface of right-side-out than on the
      external surface of inside-out vesicles. Thus, although affinities for Na+ or
      Ca2+ (in the absence of the other ion) appear symmetrical, the interactions
      between Na+ and Ca2+ at the two sides of the exchanger are not the same. The Na+
      Ca2+ exchanger is not a completely symmetrical transport protein.

PMID- 4063372
TI  - Immunochemical differences among molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in brain
      and blood.
AB  - Molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine acetylhydrolase, EC
      3.1.1.7) differ in their solubility properties as well as in the number of their
      catalytic subunits. We used monoclonal antibodies to investigate the structure of
      acetylcholinesterase forms in brain, erythrocytes and serum of rats, rabbits and
      other mammals. Two antibodies were found to bind tetrameric acetylcholinesterase
      in preference to the monomeric enzyme. These antibodies also displayed lower
      affinity for certain forms of 'soluble' brain acetylcholinesterase than for the
      'membrane-associated' counterparts. Furthermore, one of them was virtually
      lacking in affinity for the membrane-associated enzyme of erythrocytes. The basis
      for the antibody specificity was not fully determined. However, the
      immunochemical results were supported by measurements of enzyme thermolability,
      which showed that the catalytic activity of 'soluble' acetylcholinesterase was
      comparatively heat-resistant. These observations point toward structural
      differences among the solubility classes of acetylcholinesterase.

PMID- 4063373
TI  - Effect of detergent on protein structure. Action of detergents on secondary and
      oligomeric structures of band 3 from bovine erythrocyte membranes.
AB  - With special interest in the mode of action of zwitterionic detergents on
      proteins, a variety of detergents were examined for their ability to disrupt the
      secondary and quaternary structures of an anion transport protein, band 3, and
      its cytoplasmic 38 kDa fragment from bovine erythrocyte membranes and for their
      effect on the binding of an anion transport inhibitor to band 3. Nonionic
      detergents and Chaps also acted as a nondenaturant in these instances, as well
      accepted for other proteins. Though deoxycholate and cholate inhibited the
      binding of an anion transport inhibitor to band 3, these detergents did not show
      any effect on the native structure of band 3. Zwitterionic detergents
      (Zwittergent 3-10, Zwittergent 3-12 and N, N-dimethyl-N-dodecyl glycine) were
      suggested to denature the water-soluble 38 kDa fragment at concentrations above
      the critical micelle concentration, but to be weak in disrupting interacting
      forces between hydrophobic membrane-bound domains of band 3. The results
      indicated that these zwitterionic detergents are similar in the mode of
      denaturing action to dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide rather than sodium dodecyl
      sulfate.

PMID- 4063374
TI  - Structure and stability of gamma-crystallins. I. Spectroscopic evaluation of
      secondary and tertiary structure in solution.
AB  - The three major bovine gamma-crystallin fractions (gamma-II, gamma-III and gamma
      IV) are known to have closely related (80-90%) amino acid sequences and three
      dimensional folding of the polypeptide backbone. Their chiroptical and emission
      properties, as measured by circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence, are now
      shown to differ distinctly. The far-ultraviolet CD spectra indicate that all
      three gamma-crystallins have predominantly beta-sheet conformation (45-60%) with
      only subtle differences in secondary structure. The fluorescence emission maxima
      of gamma-II, gamma-III and gamma-IV, due to the four tryptophan residues, appear
      at 324, 329 and 334 nm, respectively, suggesting that tryptophan residues are
      buried in environments of decreasing hydrophobicity. Corresponding differences in
      quantum yield may be due to fluorescence quenching by neighboring sulfur
      containing residues. Titratable tyrosines are maximal for gamma-III, as
      manifested from difference absorption spectra at alkaline pH. The near
      ultraviolet CD spectra differ in position, magnitude and sign of tryptophan and
      tyrosine transitions. In addition, a characteristic CD maximum at 235 nm,
      presumably due to tyrosine-tyrosine exciton interactions, differs in magnitude
      for each gamma-crystallin. This study shows that the environment and interactions
      of the aromatic residues of the individual gamma-crystallin fractions are quite
      different. These variations in tertiary structure may be significant, in terms of
      stability of gamma-crystallins towards aggregation and denaturation, for
      understanding lens transparency and cataract formation in general.

PMID- 4063375
TI  - Structural features of the binding site of cholera toxin inferred from
      fluorescence measurements.
AB  - The dependence on pH of the fluorescence of cholera toxin and its A and B
      subunits has been studied at 25 degrees C. The fluorescence intensity of cholera
      toxin is highly pH-dependent. In the pH range 7-9.5 it reaches a maximum
      corresponding to a quantum yield of 0.076. In the pH range 4-7 a strong increase
      in fluorescence intensity is observed (delta Q/Qmax = 0.64). Evaluation of the pH
      sensitivity of the fluorescence intensity of the A and B subunits reveals that
      the B subunit is mainly responsible for the observed pH effect (delta Q/Qmax for
      B subunit = 0.64). The intensity changes are paralleled by similar although less
      pronounced changes in the average fluorescence excited state life-time tau (delta
      tau/tau max = 0.33 for cholera toxin). Fluorimetric titration of the B subunit,
      which is related to the indole fluorescence of the lone Trp-88, reveals that the
      fluorescence intensity changes in the pH range 4-7 are due to reaction of two
      types of ionizable quencher displaying apparent pKa values of 4.4 and 6.2,
      respectively. It is suggested that the increase in fluorescence intensity with a
      midpoint at pH 6.2 is the result of deionization of the imidazolium side-chain of
      one or two out of the four histidine residues present in each beta-polypeptide
      chain, whereas a deionized carboxyl group is responsible for the quenching with
      midpoint at pH 4.4. Complex formation of cholera toxin or B subunit with the
      monosialoganglioside GM1 or the oligosaccharide moiety of GM1 (oligo-GM1)
      completely prevents the quenching by both quenchers. Addition of 6 M urea also
      eliminates the pH effect. The quenching is not the result of the dissociation of
      the B subunit into its constituent monomers. Upon fluorimetric titration of
      cholera toxin or B subunit above pH 9, a progressive drop in both fluorescence
      intensity and tau occurs. This decrease could be due to energy transfer from the
      indole moiety of Trp-88 to ionized tyrosines or by quenching through an
      unprotonated epsilon-amino group of lysine. Fluorimetric titration of the A
      subunit indicates that the tryptophan fluorescence is only moderately altered by
      ionizable groups displaying a pKa in the range 4 to 9. Activation of A subunit
      does not affect this lack of pH sensitivity. Above pH 9, however, a much more
      significant drop in the fluorescence intensity of activated A subunit occurs. The
      structural implications of the results are discussed.

PMID- 4063376
TI  - Assignment of heme and distal amino acid resonances in the 1H-NMR spectra of the
      carbon monoxide and oxygen complexes of sperm whale myoglobin.
AB  - Assignments of resonances of the heme and distal amino acid protons in spectra of
      the CO and O2 complexes of sperm whale myoglobin are reported. These resonances
      provide information on the conformation of the heme pocket. For oxymyoglobin, the
      assignments of the heme meso protons disagree with those proposed previously on
      the basis of partial deuteration experiments. Rapid ring flips about the C beta-C
      gamma bond are detected for Phe-CD1. Recent claims for two conformational
      substates of valine-E11 in carbonmonoxymyoglobin (Bradbury, J.H. and Carver, J.A.
      (1984) Biochemistry 23, 4905-4913) are shown to be in error. The pK of His-97
      (FG3) in carbonmonoxymyoglobin has been determined (pK = 5.9). This residue
      appears to influence many spectroscopic properties of myoglobin. The distal His
      E7 in carbonmonoxymyoglobin has pK less than 5.0. Differences in the heme pocket
      conformation in the CO complexes of myoglobin and leghemoglobin are discussed.
      These differences may be influential in O2 and CO association reactions.

PMID- 4063377
TI  - Spectroscopic studies on human lens crystallins.
AB  - Human lens crystallins were studied by absorption, circular dichroism and
      fluorescence spectroscopy. The absorption spectra in the near-ultraviolet region
      show some differences in intensity, but spectral features are similar, except for
      the alpha-crystallin, which gives a fine structure due to phenylalanine between
      250 and 270 nm. Tryptophan fluorescence and near-ultraviolet circular dichroism
      indicate that tryptophan residues are more exposed in alpha-crystallin than in
      either beta- or gamma-crystallin, and that the degree of exposure decreases in
      the order of alpha less than beta 1 greater than beta 2 greater than beta 3
      greater than gamma. The far ultraviolet CD suggests that these proteins exist
      mainly in a beta-sheet conformation and that the amount does not vary much among
      them. The greater exposure of the tryptophan residues in the high-molecular
      weight crystallins may reflect greater unfolding in their protein domains.
      Spectroscopic measurements are thus useful in predicting protein tertiary
      structure in the absence of the complete sequence and X-ray data. The fact that
      the high-molecular-weight proteins exist in a more unfolded state may render them
      more vulnerable to exogeneous insults, and these effects may be studied by
      spectroscopic measurements.

PMID- 4063378
TI  - Proximity of the catalytic region and the kringle 2 domain in the closed
      conformer of plasminogen.
AB  - Introduction of a single intramolecular cross-link with 1,5-difluoro-2,4
      dinitrobenzene into Glu-plasminogen freezes the molecule in its closed
      conformational state (Banyai, L. and Patthy, L. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 6466
      6471). Here we show that the cross-link connects Lys-203 of the kringle 2 domain
      and Tyr-671 of the catalytic domain, indicating that these regions are in close
      proximity in the closed conformer of Glu-plasminogen. Comparison of the
      parameters of the urokinase-catalysed activation of native and cross-linked Glu
      plasminogen species indicates that cross-linking of kringle 2 and the catalytic
      region interferes with the productive binding of urokinase to plasminogen.

PMID- 4063379
TI  - Complexes of low-density lipoproteins and arterial proteoglycan aggregates
      promote cholesteryl ester accumulation in mouse macrophages.
AB  - We studied the effect of complexes of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and
      different proteoglycan preparations from bovine aorta on LDL degradation and
      cholesteryl ester accumulation in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Native
      proteoglycan aggregate containing proteoglycan monomers, hyaluronic acid and link
      protein was isolated by associative extraction of aortic tissue, while
      proteoglycan monomer was obtained by dissociative isopycnic centrifugation of the
      native proteoglycan aggregate. In vitro proteoglycan aggregates were prepared by
      reaction of the proteoglycan monomer with exogenous hyaluronic acid. 125I-labeled
      LDL-proteoglycan complexes were formed in the presence of 30 mM Ca2+ and
      incubated with macrophages. At equivalent uronic acid levels in the proteoglycans
      the degradation of 125I-labeled LDL contained in the native proteoglycan
      aggregate complex was 3.7-7.5-fold greater than the degradation of the
      lipoprotein in the proteoglycan monomer complex. Degradation of 125I-LDL in the
      in vitro aggregate complex, while higher than that in the monomer complex, was
      markedly less than that in the native aggregate complex. The larger size and the
      greater complex-forming ability of the native proteoglycan aggregate might
      account for the greater capacity of the aggregate to promote LDL degradation in
      macrophages. The proteoglycan-stimulated degradation of LDL produced a marked
      increase in cholesteryl ester synthesis and content in macrophages. The LDL
      proteoglycan complex was degraded with saturation kinetics, suggesting that these
      complexes are internalized through high-affinity receptors. Degradation was
      inhibited by the lysosomotropic agent, chloroquine. Acetyl-LDL, but not native
      LDL, competitively inhibited the degradation of the 125I-LDL component of the
      complex. Polyanionic compounds such as polyinosinic acid and fucoidin, while
      completely blocking the acetyl-LDL-stimulated cholesteryl ester formation, had no
      effect on the proteoglycan aggregate-stimulated cholesterol esterification. This
      suggests that LDL-proteoglycan complex and acetyl-LDL are not entering the cells
      through the same receptor pathway. These results demonstrate that the interaction
      of LDL with arterial wall proteoglycan aggregates results in marked cholesteryl
      ester accumulation in macrophages, a process likely to favor foam cell formation.
      A role for arterial proteoglycans in atherosclerosis is obvious.

PMID- 4063380
TI  - Distribution of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase between plasma and tissues:
      effect of hypertriglyceridemia.
AB  - Lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase were measured in rat plasma using specific
      antisera. Mean values for lipoprotein lipase in adult rats were 1.8-3.6 mU/ml,
      depending on sex and nutritional state. Values for hepatic lipase were about
      three times higher. Lipoprotein lipase activity in plasma of newborn rats was 2-4
      times higher than in adults. In contrast, hepatic lipase activity was lower in
      newborn than in adult rats. Following functional hepatectomy there was a
      progressive increase in lipoprotein lipase activity in plasma, indicating that
      transport of the enzyme from peripheral tissues to the liver normally takes
      place. Lipoprotein lipase, but not hepatic lipase, increased in plasma after a
      fat meal. An even more marked increase, up to 30 mU/ml, was seen after
      intravenous injection of Intralipid. Plasma lipase activity decreased in parallel
      with clearing of the injected triacylglycerol. 125I-labeled lipoprotein lipase
      injected intravenously during the hyperlipemia disappeared somewhat slower from
      the circulation than in fasted rats, but the uptake was still primarily in the
      liver. Hyperlipemia, or injection of heparin, led to increased lipoprotein lipase
      activity in the liver. This was seen even when the animals had been pretreated
      with cycloheximide to inhibit synthesis of new enzyme protein. These results
      suggest that during hypertriglyceridemia lipoprotein lipase binds to circulating
      lipoproteins/lipid droplets which results in increased plasma levels of the
      enzyme and increased transport to the liver.

PMID- 4063381
TI  - Endogenous plasma lipoprotein lipase activity in fed and fasting rats may reflect
      the functional pool of endothelial lipoprotein lipase.
AB  - In this study, a correlation was sought between the circulating lipoprotein
      lipase activity and nutritional state in the rat. In fed rats, the plasma
      lipoprotein lipase activity was between 30 and 120 munits/ml, whereas after an
      overnight fast in restraining cages, the lipoprotein lipase plasma levels were
      between 280 and 500 munits/ml. The plasma lipoprotein lipase activity was
      inhibited by a specific high titre goat antiserum to rat lipoprotein lipase. No
      effect of fasting was seen on the plasma hepatic triacylglycerol lipase. 6 h
      after fasting, adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase decreased maximally, but plasma
      lipoprotein lipase was not changed and rose only after 16 h. Thus, it seems that
      most of the lipoprotein lipase activity in the fasting plasma was related to the
      3-fold rise in lipoprotein lipase activity in the heart, which may represent
      total muscle lipoprotein lipase. The increase in heart lipoprotein lipase was due
      in part to an increase in the t1/2 of the enzyme from 1.2 to 2.9 h. To determine
      whether the high plasma levels in the fasting rats might result from impaired
      clearance of the enzyme by the liver, functional hepatectomy was carried out. 15
      min after hepatectomy, plasma lipoprotein lipase rose up to 20-fold in fed and
      about 6-fold in fasting rats. Lipoprotein lipase activity extracted by the liver
      was calculated to be 30-60 munits/ml in the fed and 171-247 munits/ml plasma per
      min in fasting rats. An increase in lipoprotein lipase activity in extrahepatic
      tissues (heart, lung, kidney, diaphragm and adrenal) occurred 30 min after
      hepatectomy in fed rats. The increase in heart lipoprotein lipase was due to an
      increase in heparin-releasable fraction. Since no impairment of hepatic clearance
      of circulating plasma lipoprotein lipase was found, the high fasting plasma
      lipoprotein lipase activity may be related to an increase in enzyme synthesis,
      decreased enzyme turnover and an expansion of the functional pool in tissues such
      as the heart and probably muscle. The present findings indicate that measurement
      of endogenous plasma lipoprotein lipase can provide information with respect to
      the size of the functional pool under normal and pathological conditions.

PMID- 4063382
TI  - Some aspects of rat platelet and serum phospholipase A2 activities.
AB  - Rat platelet lysate contained appreciable phospholipase A2 activity. In agreement
      with literature data this enzymatic activity eluted in the void volume of a
      Sephadex G-100 column. When the void volume peak was chromatographed over a
      Matrex gel blue A column, part of the phospholipase A2 activity ran through,
      whereas the remainder was bound to the gel. The latter activity could be eluted
      with buffers containing a high salt concentration. In contrast, phospholipase A2
      activity solubilized from rat platelet lysates by treatment with high salt eluted
      from Sephadex G-100 columns with an apparent molecular weight of 10-15 kDa. This
      solubilized enzyme completely bound to Matrex gel blue A and, in the presence of
      Ca2+ also to an alkylphosphocholine-AH Sepharose affinity column. No indications
      were obtained for the presence of inactive phospholipase A2 and activator
      proteins in rat platelet lysates as described by Etienne, J., Gruber, A. and
      Polonovski, J. ((1980) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 619, 693-698; (1982) Biochemie 64,
      377-380). Phospholipase A2 activity, both the associated form in platelet lysate
      and the monomeric form as eluted from Sephadex G-100 was slightly inhibited by
      trifluoperazine but calmodulin exerted no stimulation. Likewise, phospholipase A2
      activity from rat serum eluted in the void volume of a Sephadex G-100 column.
      Rather than indicating the presence of high molecular weight forms of the enzyme,
      this is apparently caused by association with lipids or other proteins, in that
      chromatography in the presence of high salt revealed a molecular weight similar
      to that found for solubilized platelet phospholipase A2 activity.

PMID- 4063383
TI  - Metabolism of human plasma triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins in rodent
      macrophages: capacity for interaction at beta-VLDL receptor.
AB  - The capacity of human plasma triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins to be metabolized
      by rat macrophages was studied with plasma triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins
      obtained from subjects with fasting chylomicronemia or from normal subjects after
      a fat meal. Triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins were separated by chromatography
      into two fractions designated TRL1 and TRL2; from their composition and changing
      concentration during alimentary lipemia, TRL1 contained a higher proportion of
      chylomicron remnants than TRL2. Degradation of 125I-labeled TRL1 was greater than
      that of 125I-labeled TRL2. In competition studies with 125I-labeled beta-VLDL
      from cholesterol-fed rabbits, unlabeled TRL1 displaced beta-VLDL as completely as
      did unlabeled beta-VLDL, being slightly more potent than TRL2, which contained
      less apolipoprotein E than TRL1. This reflected common interaction at receptors
      that probably included both beta-VLDL and B/E receptors, since: (1) in fresh
      macrophages, VLDL from hypertriglyceridemic subjects partially displaced beta
      VLDL; (2) in B/E receptor-repressed macrophages, TRL1 maintained capacity to
      totally displace beta-VLDL. This was confirmed in experiments with J774 murine
      macrophages in which triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins and beta-VLDL displaced
      each other equally, whereas LDL was ineffective in displacing beta-VLDL.
      Furthermore, monoclonal antibodies raised against apolipoprotein B48 and reacting
      strongly with LDL, failed to inhibit the binding of triacylglycerol-rich
      lipoprotein to the macrophages. This indicates an interaction through
      apolipoprotein E which is present in high concentration in triacylglycerol-rich
      lipoprotein as well as in beta-VLDL. It applies to triacylglycerol-rich particles
      derived from either the intestine (chylomicron remnants) or the liver (VLDL
      remnants from hypertriglyceridemic subjects).

PMID- 4063384
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a heparin with high anticoagulant activity from
      Anomalocardia brasiliana.
AB  - The isolation, some structural features, physicochemical properties and
      pharmacological activities of a heparin from Anomalocardia brasiliana are
      reported. It is shown that the mollusc heparin is very similar to those present
      in mammalian tissues with regard to chemical composition, physicochemical
      properties, pharmacological activities and susceptibility to heparinase and
      heparitinase II from Flavobacterium heparinum, as well as to the types of
      products formed by the action of these enzymes. Three significant quantitative
      differences were observed for the mollusc heparin when compared with the ones
      from mammalian origin, namely, a higher degree of binding with antithrombin III
      (45%), higher molecular weight (27-43 kDa) and higher anticoagulant activity (320
      I.U./mg). The possible biological role of heparin is discussed in view of the
      present findings.

PMID- 4063385
TI  - Inhibition of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde oxidation by
      the glutathione-depleting agents diethylmaleate and phorone.
AB  - Experiments were carried out to study the effect of two commonly used glutathione
      depleting agents, diethylmaleate and phorone, on the oxidation of acetaldehyde
      and the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase. The oxidation of acetaldehyde by
      intact hepatocytes was inhibited when the cells were incubated with
      diethylmaleate. Washing and resuspending the cells in diethylmaleate-free medium
      afforded protection against the inhibition of acetaldehyde oxidation. The
      oxidation of acetaldehyde by isolated rat liver mitochondria as well as by
      disrupted mitochondria in the presence of excess NAD+ was inhibited by
      diethylmaleate or phorone, indicating inhibition of the low-Km aldehyde
      dehydrogenase. In addition, diethylmaleate inhibited oxidation of acetaldehyde by
      the high-Km cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase. Significant accumulation of
      acetaldehyde occurred when ethanol was oxidized by hepatocytes in the presence,
      but not in the absence, of diethylmaleate. Thus, diethylmaleate blocks the
      oxidation of added or metabolically generated acetaldehyde, analogous to results
      with other inhibitors of the low-Km aldehyde dehydrogenase such as cyanamide.
      These results suggest that caution should be used in interpreting the effects of
      diethylmaleate or phorone on metabolic reactions, especially those involving
      metabolism of aldehydes such as formaldehyde, because, in addition to depleting
      glutathione, these agents inhibit the low-Km aldehyde dehydrogenase.

PMID- 4063386
TI  - A comparative study of two kinds of cathepsin D-type proteinases from rat gastric
      mucosa.
AB  - The localization of cathepsin D-like acid proteinase in the rat stomach and other
      tissues was studied, and its biochemical properties were compared with those of
      rat gastric cathepsin D (EC 3.4.23.5). Cathepsin D-like acid proteinase existed
      overwhelmingly in the mucosal layer and was hardly detected in the gastric juice.
      Its subcellular distribution profile was very similar to that of acid
      phosphatase, but not to that of pepsinogen. This proteinase-like enzyme activity
      was also found in rat splenic extract. These results strongly suggest that the
      proteinase is a lysosomal enzyme. In addition, cathepsin D-like acid proteinase
      demonstrated an in vitro transition of molecular species during storage at -30
      degrees C. Although this molecular change was distinctive in ion-exchange column
      chromatography and susceptibility to some enzyme inhibitors, it was not
      accompanied by a significant decrease in molecular weight. To compare cathepsin D
      like acid proteinase with ordinary cathepsin D, gastric cathepsin D was newly
      purified to apparent homogeneity in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Its
      biochemical properties demonstrate that this is a true cathepsin D in rat gastric
      mucosa. Moreover, this cathepsin D activity was not abolished by treatment with
      antiserum specific to cathepsin D-like acid proteinase or pepsinogen. From these
      results, we can conclude that the proteinase is a lysosomal acid proteinase
      different from newly purified gastric cathepsin D.

PMID- 4063388
TI  - Potentiation of thyroxine 5-deiodination by aminotriazole.
AB  - Aminotriazole, a goitrogen, in addition to its known inhibitory effects on the
      thyroid, demonstrated a unique effect on peripheral deiodination of thyroxine
      (T4). In contrast to the well-known peripheral effects of goitrogens such as
      propylthiouracil in inhibiting 5'-deiodinase activity, i.e., to effect a decrease
      in T4 to triiodothyronine (T3) conversion, aminotriazole had no effect on the 5'
      deiodinative pathway. Rather, this goitrogen appeared to stimulate the
      alternative pathway, viz. T4 5-deiodination, resulting in an increased reverse
      triiodothyronine (rT3) serum concentration. This was shown in comparisons of
      serum T4, T3 and rT3 concentrations and serum T3/T4 and rT3/T4 ratios between
      rats treated with aminotriazole and T4, and rats treated with T4 alone. The
      finding that aminotriazole may specifically enhance T4 5-deiodination,
      independently of T4 5'-deiodination, is novel, as this has not been observed in
      the case of other goitrogens. It is of interest that this goitrogen is devoid of
      sulphur, which is a prominent constituent of thiourylene compounds which have
      been noted to affect 5'-deiodination. The potentiating effect of aminotriazole on
      5-deiodination of T4 was not attributable to dietary factors.

PMID- 4063387
TI  - Effects of probes of membrane potential on metabolism in synaptosomes.
AB  - Effects of three probes for measuring membrane potential, tetraphenylphosphonium
      (TPP+), rhodamine 6G and 3,3'-dipropylthiocarbocyanine (diS-C3-(5)) on energy
      metabolism in synaptosomes were investigated. None of the three probes had any
      effect on lactate production in synaptosomes. TPP+ and rhodamine 6G did not
      inhibit the respiration of synaptosomes with pyruvate and succinate as exogenous
      substrate and were only weakly inhibitory with endogenous substrates. In
      contrast, diS-C3-(5) markedly inhibited the respiration of synaptosomes with
      glucose, pyruvate and endogenous substrates. All three probes reduced ATP content
      in synaptosomes and depolarized the membrane potential in synaptosomes with
      increasing concentrations of the probes. It is, therefore, preferable to estimate
      membrane potential with TPP+ or rhodamine 6G at their low concentrations where
      their effect on metabolism is negligible.

PMID- 4063389
TI  - Kinetic evidence of a surface membraneous step during the endocytosic process of
      3H-labelled asialoorosomucoid and its alteration in diabetic mellitus rats.
AB  - The apparent internalization rate constant of asialoorosomucoid in normal and
      diabetic hepatocytes was determined using different experimental processes,
      either following a synchronous wave of prebound ligand or a continuous flux
      ligand endocytosis, either alone or simultaneously. In continuous flux
      conditions, no difference between normal and diabetic hepatocytes appeared (k =
      0.15 +/- 0.04 and 0.11 +/- 0.02 min-1, respectively). In contrast, in the one
      turn endocytosis of prebound ligand, k was lower for diabetic hepatocytes than
      for normal ones whether it was measured alone (0.20 +/- 0.03 and 0.59 +/- 0.09
      min-1, respectively) or simultaneously with a continuous flux of unlabelled
      ligand (0.25 +/- 0.03 and 0.70 +/- 0.08 min-1, respectively). These differences
      are attributed to an impediment or a delay in the preclustering of receptors in
      coated pits at the cell surface of diabetic cells.

PMID- 4063390
TI  - The effects of cytoskeletal inhibitors on intestinal iron absorption in the rat.
AB  - An established and validated method using loops of intestine in vivo in rats was
      used to study the effects of cytoskeletal inhibitors on iron absorption.
      Radioactive iron instilled into the loop of intestine pretreated with test
      substance was monitored in the blood and, after death, ferritin loading with
      radioactive iron was measured on density gradients of mucosal cell homogenates
      and absorbed iron in the carcass was determined. Colchicine, vincristine and
      cytochalasin B all caused dose- and time-dependent inhibition of iron absorption,
      and the effects of cytochalasin B were reversible within 1 h. It is not known
      which cellular component is the vehicle for the transcellular movement of iron
      from the intestinal lumen onto plasma transferrin; however, this study showed
      that the uptake of iron by ferritin in an iron-absorbing loop of intestine
      paralleled the actual absorption of iron into the carcass. This phenomenon did
      not occur in non-iron-absorbing intestinal and was inhibited by the action of the
      cytoskeletal inhibitors in the iron-absorbing region. Previously we had shown
      that iron uptake into cells and onto cellular transferrin was virtually the same
      throughout the small intestine, irrespective of the iron-absorbing capacity of
      the region. The results of this study therefore suggest that iron absorption
      depends on an intact cytoskeletal system and that ferritin in the iron-absorbing
      cell is able to load from the pool of iron committed to transcellular movement
      onto plasma transferrin.

PMID- 4063391
TI  - Physicochemical characterization of a new glucocorticoid receptor.
AB  - A new glucocorticoid-binding protein (Peak C) eluted with 0.14 M NaCl on DEAE
      cellulose chromatography was identified previously in the rats subjected to
      stress or treated with glucocorticoid (100 micrograms/100 g body wt.), while the
      'classic' glucocorticoid receptor (Peak B) eluted with 0.07 M NaCl was found
      predominantly in untreated rats. The new glucocorticoid-binding protein, Peak C,
      was characterized by Scatchard analysis and competition with other steroids as a
      glucocorticoid receptor. The saturation curve of Peak C for dexamethasone was
      sigmoidal, whereas that of Peak B was hyperbolic. The Hill coefficient was 1.0
      for Peak B and 3.1 for Peak C. These results show that Peak C has multiple
      binding sites. Peak C bound specifically to only natural or synthetic
      glucocorticoids, whereas Peak B bound not only to glucocorticoids but also to
      progesterone and aldosterone. Peak C was far more labile than Peak B, its binding
      activity decreasing 80% when it was incubated for 30 min at 25 degrees C. The
      molecular sizes of these two peaks (B and C) were similar, being about 90 000-100
      000 as determined by Sepharose 6B column chromatography at high ionic strength
      (0.34 M KCl). The hormone-receptor complex of Peak C bound to rat liver chromatin
      specifically, but did not bind to calf thymus DNA. The complex of Peak B bound to
      not only the chromatin but also calf thymus DNA. Peak B reacted well with
      antiserum to the 'classic' glucocorticoid receptor, but Peak C did not react with
      this antiserum. These results indicate that Peak C is a different glucocorticoid
      receptor protein from Peak B, or classic glucocorticoid receptor, and plays
      physiologically important roles as a glucocorticoid receptor mediating the action
      of the hormone at a high level.

PMID- 4063393
TI  - Change of actin isomers during differentiation of smooth muscle.
AB  - Changes of actin isomers during development and differentiation of chicken
      gizzard were investigated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis with SDS-polyacrylamide gels in the presence of
      urea as the second dimension clearly separated three actin isomers which appear
      during development of the smooth muscle. The three actin isomers change the
      relative concentrations during development as follows: gizzard-type gamma-actin
      begins to be synthesized late on the 7th day of embryogenesis and increases in
      amount until hatching, nonmuscle-type gamma-actin exists only at earlier stages
      (before 15 days of embryogenesis), and the amount of beta-actin increases in
      proportion to the decrease of nonmuscle type gamma-actin, the amount of nonmuscle
      actin in gizzards then becoming constant. Actin composition of gizzard before 7
      days of embryonic age was nonmuscle type and consisted of beta-actin and
      nonmuscle-type gamma-actin. These observations indicate that developmental
      process of gizzard smooth muscle cells are classified as three stages: nonmuscle,
      intermediate and smooth muscle stages.

PMID- 4063392
TI  - Mitochondrial iron not bound in heme and iron-sulfur centers and its availability
      for heme synthesis in vitro.
AB  - Rat liver mitochondrial fractions have previously been shown to contain a pool of
      iron which was bound neither in cytochromes nor in iron-sulfur centers (Tangeras,
      A., Flatmark, T., Backstrom, D. and Ehrenberg, A. (1980) Biochim. Biophys. Acta
      589, 162-175), and in the present study the availability of this iron pool for
      heme synthesis has been studied in isolated mitochondria. A minor fraction of
      this iron is here shown to originate from iron-rich lysosomes present as a
      contaminant in mitochondrial fractions isolated by differential centrifugation,
      and a method for the selective quantitation of this iron pool was developed. The
      availability of the mitochondrial iron pool for heme synthesis by mitochondria in
      vitro was studied using a recently developed HPLC method for the assay of
      ferrochelatase activity. When deuteroporphyrin was used as the substrate, 1.04 +/
      0.13 nmol/mg protein of deuteroheme was formed after 6 h incubation at 37
      degrees C when a plateau was approached, and the initial rate of heme synthesis
      was 0.3 nmol/h per mg protein. Heme formation from the physiological substrate
      protoporphyrin was also seen. The heme synthesis increased with the amount of
      mitochondria used and was blocked by both Fe(II) and Fe(III) chelators. The heme
      synthesis was independent of mitochondrial oxidizable substrates and no
      difference was observed between pH 7.4 and 6.5. FMN slightly stimulated the
      formation of heme from endogenous iron, probably by mobilization of a small
      amount of contaminating lysosomal iron present in the preparations. The
      possibility that the mitochondrial iron pool functions as the proximate iron
      donor for heme synthesis by ferrochelatase in vivo is discussed.

PMID- 4063394
TI  - Binding of isolectins from red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) to purified rat
      brush-border membranes.
AB  - Ingestion of red kidney bean phytohemagglutinin causes impaired growth and
      intestinal malabsorption, and facilitates bacterial colonization in the small
      intestine of weanling rats. We have studied interactions of the highly purified
      phytohemagglutinin erythroagglutinating (E4) and mitogenic (L4) isolectins with
      microvillous membrane vesicles prepared from rat small intestines. E4 and L4 were
      radioiodinated with 125I by the chloramine-T technique. E4 and L4 isolectins both
      bound to microvillous membrane vesicles. Binding was saturable and reversible.
      Each mg of membrane protein bound 744 +/- 86 micrograms E4 and 213 +/- 21
      micrograms L4. The apparent Ka for E4 and L4 binding was 2.5 x 10(-6) and 13.0 x
      10(-6) M-1, respectively. Binding of each 125I-labelled isolectin was abolished
      by 100-fold excess of unlabelled isolectin. In each case binding also was
      inhibited by appropriate oligosaccharide inhibitors, indicating that isolectin
      microvillous membrane interactions were mediated by carbohydrate recognition.
      Patterns of saccharide inhibition of isolectin binding were different for E4 and
      L4. Competitive binding experiments demonstrated mutual noncompetitive inhibition
      of E4 and L4 binding consistent with steric hindrance. Therefore, E4 and L4 each
      bound to its own set of receptors. Based on the known saccharide specificities of
      E4 and L4, these data indicate that there are differences in expression of
      complex asparagine-linked biantennary and tri- or tetraantennary oligosaccharides
      at the microvillous surface. The data also provide the possibility that direct
      interactions of one or more phytohemagglutinin isolectins with intestinal mucosa
      in vivo may contribute to the antinutritional effects associated with ingestion
      of crude red kidney beans.

PMID- 4063395
TI  - Evidence for an interaction between canine synovial cell proteoglycans and link
      proteins.
AB  - Link proteins are glycoproteins which stabilize aggregates of proteoglycans and
      hyaluronic acid in cartilage. We recently identified link proteins in canine
      synovial cell cultures. We now find that link proteins and proteoglycans
      extracted from these cells under dissociative conditions sediment in the high
      buoyant-density fractions of an associative cesium chloride density gradient,
      suggesting that link proteins interact with high-buoyant-density proteoglycans.
      In gradients containing [35S]sulfate-labeled synovial cell extracts, 76% of the
      labeled sulfate and 54% of the uronic acid is found in the high-buoyant-density
      fractions. Under associative conditions, Sepharose 2B elution profiles of the
      crude synovial cell extract, synovial cell high-buoyant-density fractions, and
      culture medium indicate that synovial cell proteoglycans are present in monomeric
      form, rather than in aggregates. Synovial cell link proteins co-elute with the
      [35S]sulfate-labeled material under the same conditions. These proteoglycans do
      not interact in vitro with exogenous hyaluronic acid. Dermatan sulfate,
      chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate are the major cell-associated sulfated
      glycosaminoglycans synthesized by cultured canine synovial cells, while
      hyaluronic acid is found in the culture medium. Although the proteoglycans
      synthesized by cultured synovial cells interact with link proteins, these data
      indicate that they do not interact with hyaluronic acid to form aggregates.

PMID- 4063396
TI  - Antiestrogen binding sites in rat liver nuclei.
AB  - Isolated, intact rat liver nuclei have high-affinity (Kd = 10(-9) M) binding
      sites that are highly specific for nonsteroidal antiestrogens, especially for
      compounds of the triphenylethylene series. Nuclear [3H]tamoxifen binding capacity
      is thermolabile, being most stable at 4 degrees C and rapidly lost at 37 degrees
      C. More [3H]tamoxifen, however, is specifically bound at incubation temperatures
      of 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C than at 4 degrees C although prewarming nuclei
      has no effect, suggesting exchange of [3H]tamoxifen for an unidentified
      endogeneous ligand. Nuclear antiestrogen binding sites are destroyed by trypsin
      but not by deoxyribonuclease I or ribonuclease A. The nuclear antiestrogen
      binding protein is not solubilized by 0.6 M potassium chloride, 2 M sodium
      chloride, 0.6 M sodium thiocyanate, 3 M urea, 20 mM pyridoxal phosphate, 1% (w/v)
      digitonin or 2% (w/v) sodium cholate but is extractable by sonication, indicating
      that it is tightly bound within the nucleus. Rat liver nuclear matrix contains
      high-affinity (Kd = 10(-9) M) [3H]tamoxifen binding sites present in 5-fold
      higher concentrations (4.18 pmol/mg DNA) than in intact nuclei (0.78 +/- 0.10
      (S.D.) pmol/mg DNA). Low-speed rat liver cytosol (20 000 X g, 30 min) contains
      high-capacity (955 +/- 405 (S.D.) fmol/mg protein), low-affinity (Kd = 10.9 +/-
      4.5 (S.D.) nM) antiestrogen binding sites. In contrast, high-speed cytosol (100
      000 X g, 60 min) contains low-capacity (46 +/- 15 (S.D.) fmol/mg protein), high
      affinity (Kd = 0.61 +/- 0.20 (S.D.) nM) binding sites. Low-affinity cytosolic
      sites constitute more than 90% of total liver binding sites, high-affinity
      cytosolic sites 0.3%-3.2%, and nuclear sites less than 0.5% of total sites.

PMID- 4063397
TI  - Changes in histone acetylation during the development of rabbit bone marrow
      erythroid cells.
AB  - The acetylation of histones in rabbit bone marrow erythroid cells was
      investigated by measuring the incorporation of labelled acetate into
      erythroblasts which were separated by velocity sedimentation at unit gravity into
      five fractions corresponding to different stages of development. Histone
      acetylation decreased during erythroid development in concert with a decline in
      DNA and histone synthesis. Some acetylation persisted after condensation of the
      nucleus and cessation of DNA synthesis in late orthochromatic cells. This
      residual acetylation may be related to the low level of transcription which is
      still present at this stage. Sodium butyrate increased the acetylation of
      histones 2- to 7-fold, with the greatest stimulation occurring in the most
      immature cells. The general decline in acetylation of histones during erythroid
      cell development was similar in the presence and absence of butyrate.

PMID- 4063398
TI  - Bioconversion of 2 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to 2-hydroxylated corticosteroids by
      newborn rat adrenal cells in primary culture.
AB  - The bioconversion of 2 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone into 2-hydroxylated steroids was
      accomplished using newborn rat adrenal cells in primary culture. The products
      were purified using column and thin-layer chromatography, and identified by GC
      MS. They resulted principally from the enzymatic reactions of 21-hydroxylation,
      11 beta-hydroxylation, reduction of 20-oxo and 3-oxo groups, and epimerization of
      the substrate. In addition, minor metabolites resulted from 18-hydroxylation, 6
      beta-hydroxylation and reduction of the 3-oxo-4-ene group. The identification of
      these compounds allowed us to conclude that the metabolism of 2 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone is similar to that of progesterone in this cellular system.
      Assuming that the 2 beta-epimers of the different metabolites arose principally
      from the transformation of 2 beta-hydroxyprogesterone, the specificity of the
      various enzyme systems seems to be similar for both epimers except in the case of
      the 11 beta-hydroxylation where the reaction appears stereospecific for the 2
      beta-epimer. The 2 alpha-hydroxyl group on ring A seems to favor the reduction of
      the 3-oxo group and it does this stereospecifically to the 3 beta-structure. The
      epimerization of the substrate, which is most likely enzymatically induced, is
      the first example of steroid epimerization reported in the adrenal. This is a
      practical preparative method for synthesizing a variety of steroids hydroxylated
      at C-2 from a single substrate and could be adjusted to the production of
      important quantities of 2-hydroxylated metabolites of corticosteroids.

PMID- 4063399
TI  - Paradoxical effects of K+ and D-600 on parathyroid hormone secretion and
      cytoplasmic Ca2+ in normal bovine and pathological human parathyroid cells.
AB  - The effects of K+ and the Ca2+ channel blocker D-600 on parathyroid hormone (PTH)
      release and cytoplasmic Ca2+ activity (Ca2+i) were measured at different Ca2+
      concentrations in dispersed parathyroid cells from normal cattle and from
      patients with hyperparathyroidism. When the extracellular Ca2+ concentration was
      raised within the 0.5-3.0 mM range Ca2+i increased and PTH secretion was
      inhibited. There was also a stimulatory effect of Ca2+ on secretion as indicated
      by a parallel decrease of Ca2+i and PTH release when extracellular Ca2+ was
      reduced to less than 25 nM. Addition of 30-50 mM K+ stimulated PTH release and
      lowered Ca2+i. The effect of K+ was less pronounced in the human cells with a
      decreased suppressability of PTH release. The Ca2+ channel blocker D-600 had no
      effect on Ca2+i and PTH release in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. However, at
      0.5-1.0 mM Ca2+, D-600 increased Ca2+i and inhibited PTH release, whereas the
      opposite effects were obtained at 3.0 mM Ca2+. The transition from inhibition to
      stimulation occurred at a higher Ca2+ concentration in the human cells and the
      right-shift in the dose-effect relationship for Ca2+-inhibited PTH release tended
      to be normalized by D-600. It is suggested that K+ stimulates PTH release by
      increasing the intracellular sequestration of Ca2+ and that the reduced response
      in the parathyroid human cells is due to the fact that Ca2+i already is lowered.
      D-600 appears to have both Ca2+ agonistic and antagonistic actions in
      facilitating and inhibiting Ca2+ influx into the parathyroid cells at low and
      high concentrations of extracellular Ca2+, respectively. D-600 and related drugs
      are considered potentially important for the treatment of hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 4063400
TI  - Inactivation of red cell glutathione peroxidase by divicine and its relation to
      the hemolysis of favism.
AB  - A significant inactivation of red blood cell glutathione peroxidase (25% less
      than the physiological value) was observed after exposure of intact erythrocytes
      to 2 mM divicine (an autoxidizable aminophenol from Vicia faba seeds) and 2 mM
      ascorbate for 3 h at 37 degrees C. Addition of catalase and conversion of Hb to
      the carbomonoxy derivative resulted in protection against enzyme inactivation.
      Oxidation of Hb was a concurrent phenomenon, and augmented the inactivating
      effect. In hemolysates, much stronger effects were observed at shorter times (2
      h); divicine was effective also without ascorbate, and the presence of reductants
      (ascorbate or glutathione or NADPH) enhanced its inactivating power. Of the other
      antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase was unaffected under the same
      experimental conditions. Catalase was found to be much less sensitive to the
      inactivation; it was almost unaffected in experiments with intact erythrocytes
      and specifically protected by NADPH in experiments with hemolysates. This
      specific damage of glutathione peroxidase, apparently involving interaction of
      H2O2 and HbO2, may be related to the pathogenesis of hemolysis in favism.

PMID- 4063401
TI  - The turnover of skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase studied using the
      cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate, as a specific label.
AB  - The turnover of glycogen phosphorylase has been measured using the cofactor,
      pyridoxal phosphate, as a label specific for this enzyme in skeletal muscle.
      Radiolabelled pyridoxine administered in vivo is incorporated into a protein
      bound fraction in skeletal muscle, shown by several criteria to be equivalent to
      glycogen phosphorylase. This pool of radiolabel disappears slowly with a half
      life of 11.9 days, taken to be a good estimate of the intracellular half-life of
      the enzyme. The use of the cofactor in this fashion minimises overestimation of
      half-life that results from reincorporation of the label. Further, premature
      dissociation of the cofactor from native enzyme, which would lead to
      underestimation of half-life, is unlikely. At the level of sensitivity given by
      this method there was little evidence for the appearance of pyridoxal phosphate
      labelled degradation intermediates of the enzyme.

PMID- 4063402
TI  - [Fluorescence of Tb3 complexes with metaphase chromosomes of mink fibroblasts].
AB  - The fluorescence of the Tb3+ complex with metaphase chromosomes of mink
      fibroblasts was studied. It was shown that the fluorescence intensity of this
      complex is 6.5 times as high as that of the Tb3+-native DNA complex. The
      fluorescence of the chromosome-Tb3+ complex is predominantly determined by
      chromosomal DNA. The high intensity of fluorescence may be due to partial
      disturbances in the secondary structure of DNA during folding of the metaphasic
      chromosome.

PMID- 4063403
TI  - [Inactivation of cytochrome P-450 in hydroxylase reactions].
AB  - It has been shown that sodium azide, a catalase inhibitor, accelerates the
      inactivation of cytochrome P-450 in reactions of hydroxylation of type I
      substrates, e.g., dimethylaniline (DMA), aminopyrine (AP), benzphetamine (BPh), p
      nitroanisole (p-Na) and type II substrates--aniline (AN). In the absence of
      sodium azide, cytochrome P-450 is either non-activated (as in the case of AN) or
      is inactivated at a low rate. Haemoprotein inactivation in the presence of sodium
      azide in all hydroxylation reactions with the exception of O-demethylation of p
      NA is a first-order reaction with respect to cytochrome P-450. Studies on the
      mechanism of cytochrome P-450 inactivation demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide
      formed via the NADPH-dependent hydroxylase cycle exhibits an inactivating effect
      towards the enzyme. The value of inactivation constant for cytochrome P-450 in
      hydroxylation reactions proceeding in the presence of sodium azide coincides with
      that of enzyme inactivation in the NADPH-oxidase and glucose oxidase systems
      generating H2O2.

PMID- 4063404
TI  - [Induction of cytochrome P-450 forms in liver microsomes of rats in the early
      neonatal period after administration of phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene].
AB  - The activity of cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase system from rat liver
      microsomes after induction by phenobarbital and 3-methylcholantrene in early
      neonatal period (3-16 days after birth) was studied. It was found that the total
      amount of cytochrome P-450 increases after injection of these inducers in
      neonatal rats of all age groups. In parallel, in the case of 3-methylcholantrene
      induction the benz(a)pyrene hydroxylase and 7-ethoxyresorufin deethylase
      activities increase; phenobarbital induction causes a rise in the benzphetamine-N
      demethylase and benz(a)pyrene hydroxylase activities. Immunochemical analysis
      involving the use of antibodies specifically directed against cytochrome P-450 of
      adult rats revealed that the level of cytochrome P-450 in the case of 3
      methylcholantrene induction increases from 5 to 50%, whereas that of cytochrome P
      450 upon phenobarbital induction increases from 5 to 40% in liver microsomes of 3
      and 16-day-old rats. The mode of inhibition of various substrates metabolism by
      antibodies in neonatal rat microsomes suggests that the 3-methylcholantrene
      induced cytochrome P-448, like in adult rats, participates in the hydroxylation
      of benz(a)pyrene and O-deethylation of 7-etoxyresorufin. The participation of
      phenobarbital-induced cytochrome P-450 in the metabolism of benzphetamine and
      aldrin in neonatal rats is much lower than in the adult ones. The metabolism of
      benz(a)pyrene in phenobarbital-induced neonatal rat microsomes in all age groups
      is not inhibited by antibodies. The age-dependent differences in inhibition of
      metabolism and the increase in the benz(a)pyrene hydroxylase activity in
      phenobarbital-induced rats suggest that the spectrum of inducible forms of
      cytochrome P-450 in neonatal rats differ from that in adult animals.

PMID- 4063405
TI  - [Comparative analysis of the interaction of various estrogens with the estrogen
      receptor system of the uterus].
AB  - Equilibrium binding of labeled estron, estradiol, estriol and DES was studied in
      uterine cytosol of immature Wistar rats. The dissociation kinetics of the ligand
      complexes with specific high affinity sites suggested the homogeneity of estrogen
      receptors in rat uterine cytosol. The feasibility of intracellular regulation of
      estrogen action in target cells both at the receptor and post-receptor levels is
      discussed.

PMID- 4063406
TI  - [Oxidation of ethanol by cumene hydroperoxide in the presence of cytochrome P-450
      LM2 and hemoglobin].
AB  - Ethanol oxidation by cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) with participation of cytochrome
      P-450 LM-2 (pH 7.4) and hemoglobin (pH 7.0) was studied at 37 degrees C in
      phosphate buffer. Both hemoproteins form complexes with CHP that are decomposed
      with the liberation of the RO2., RO. and HO. radicals, thus initiating the chain
      oxidation of ethanol. Ethanol oxidation catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 LM-2 and
      hemoglobin occurs only through a radical formation and is competitively inhibited
      by the radical scavenging agents, e.g., 1-naphthol, thiourea, mannitol and
      dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The values of effective inhibition constants were
      determined for all antioxidants whose activity decreases in the following order:
      1-naphthol greater than thiourea greater than mannitol greater than DMSO. The non
      inhibited oxidation of ethanol in "CHP-hemoproteins" systems is characterized by
      low ethanol conversion because of bimolecular termination of radicals and
      biocatalyst destruction.

PMID- 4063407
TI  - [Possible commonality of origin of the RNA polymerase genes of plus-RNA
      containing viruses of bacteria, plants and animals].
AB  - The data given testify that picornavirus RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase, RNA
      polymerase encoded by the genome of MS2 phage and the certain polypeptides
      involved in the replication of RNA genomes of alphaviruses, tobamoviruses and
      tricornaviruses include the homologous stretches of the amino acids. The common
      sequences are located in the COOH-terminal regions of the viral proteins. These
      sequences have been found to be conserved also in RNA-replicase MS2 phage. The
      similarity of the primary structure between the RNA-polymerase phages and
      proteins of eucaryotic plus-RNA-containing viruses testifies in favour of the
      hypothesis on possible ancestral relationship of virus RNA-polymerases genes.
      These data point out that it is possible to localize an indispensable functional
      domain conserved upon evolutionary divergence of an ancestral RNA-polymerase
      gene. Such conservative region is recently found in the composition of RNA
      dependent DNA-polymerases animals and plants virus. An attention is drawn to the
      region of protein similarity between conservative domains of viral RNA-dependent
      DNA-polymerases and RNA-polymerases.

PMID- 4063408
TI  - [Changes in the chondriome during the cell cycle of a tissue culture of embryonic
      pig kidney].
AB  - The regular cyclic changes of number, size, shape and ultrastructure of cells
      mitochondria during G1, S, G2-periods and mitosis have been shown by morphometric
      methods on nonsynchronized culture of PEK tissue. Number of mitochondria is equal
      in G1 and S cells. Middle size and unbranched mitochondria prevail in G1-period,
      middle size and large organellae of complicated shape are characteristic for S
      period. In G2-period number of mitochondria increases in 1,5 times.
      Simultaneously the portion of middle and small unbranched mitochondria increases
      and number of large organellae of complicated shape decreases. Number of
      mitochondria in mitotic cells in comparison with cells of G2-period does not
      change distinctly. Most mitochondria are middle and small size, usually
      unbranched in this period. Considerable increase of mitochondria number in G2
      period is probably due to division of the branched mitochondria characteristic
      for the previous S-period. The mitochondria ultrastructure does not undergo
      marked changes during the interphase of the cell-cycle and characterizes by
      prevailing of the orthodox forms of mitochondria: in late G2-period and in the
      process of mitosis the most mitochondria become condensed.

PMID- 4063409
TI  - [Somaticoautonomic functions of rabbits exposed to an ultrahigh-frequency
      electromagnetic field at acupuncture points].
AB  - The action of electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency with power from 1 to
      1000 mwt and acupuncture on the functional state of rabbits under the tooth pulp
      irritation conditions has been investigated. The action on the points has been
      established to be accompanied by decrease of the rythm breathing irregularity and
      motion of animals jaws. The most effectiveness during the action of the field has
      been registered with power 1-20 mwt that corresponds to the effectiveness of
      acupuncture. However during the action of the field the frequency of breathing
      does not change while during acupuncture it increases. This fact points out the
      differences of the mechanism of normalized effect of these species influence on
      acupuncture points. The point of view concerning the invariable information
      action of fields upon the points and the system of points as constantly acting
      communication channel between an organism and the environment is under
      discussion.

PMID- 4063410
TI  - [Catecholamine content in the adrenals of rats developing under hypokinesia and
      muscle training].
AB  - The effect of muscle training and hypokinesia on the content of catecholamines in
      the adrenals of rats in the postnatal ontogenesis has been studied. A systematic
      swimming training promotes the process of catecholamine accumulation in the
      adrenals, while hypokinesia slows down that process. An unitary carrying-out of
      maximum swimming exertion causes a sharp decrease of total content and
      concentration of catecholamines, at this their minimum concentration in the
      adrenals of developing animals does not depend on the adaptation to the
      locomotive regime.

PMID- 4063411
TI  - [Test systems for biomonitoring based on membrane-bound enzyme complexes. V.
      Mixed-function monooxygenase induction in the liver microsomes of Lake Baikal
      fish].
AB  - The content of cytochrome P450 and monooxygenase activity has been studied in the
      liver of Baikal fishes (Coregonus automnalis, Thymallus articus, Brachymystax
      lenok and Cottocomphorus greminsky). The administration of 3-methylcholanthrene
      increases considerably the level of metabolic activity of microsomal fraction and
      cytochrome P450 content in liver. The data of microsomal fractions of rats and
      fishes liver electrophoresis have shown that xenobiotic causes the synthesis of
      similar according to the molecular weight forms of cytochrome P450 in these
      animals. The induction of microsomal monooxygenase inhibits the lipid
      peroxidation of microsomal fraction.

PMID- 4063412
TI  - [Effect of arginine on the arginase activity and urea content of the brain and
      liver of rats acclimating to cold].
AB  - At cold stress (3 days exposition at 2--4 degrees C) the urea formation in rats
      brain and liver does not become more active, the content of extraerythrocytic
      hemoglobin and the total peroxydase activity increase in blood serum, the animals
      sensitivity to the action of hyperbaric oxygenation (HB0) grows. At cold
      adaptation (45 days at 2--4 degrees C) the urea content in tissues and the
      activity of arginase in liver increase, the concentration of extraerythrocytic
      hemoglobin and the total peroxydase activity normalize, animals become more
      resistant to HB0. Every day administration of arginine during 3-day cold effect
      makes the brain and liver arginase on 42 and 28% more active, increases the urea
      content on 26 and 19%, stabilizes the erythrocytic membranes. The animals
      protected by arginine against cold are more resistant to the action of HB0.

PMID- 4063413
TI  - [Effect of phytoecdisteroids and anabolic steroids on liver mitochondrial
      respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in alloxan diabetic rats].
AB  - Administration of phytoecdisteroides ecdisterone and turkesterone in the dose of
      5 mg/kg and anabolic steroid preparation nerobol in the dose 10 mg/kg in rats
      with experimental diabetes removes the activation of respiration under all
      metabolic conditions of rats liver mitochondria revealing at given pathology. The
      normalized effect of phytoecdisteroides on the cells energetic processes is
      observed on the 7th day of the administration. The same effect of nerobol is
      revealed at more prolonged (15 days) administration.

PMID- 4063414
TI  - Decreased uterine blood flow in the diabetic pregnant rat does not modify the
      augmented glucose transfer to the fetus.
AB  - To determine whether changes in uterine blood flow affect placental glucose
      transfer in the diabetic pregnant rat, on the 7th day of gestation rats were
      intravenously treated with either streptozotocin (45 mg/kg) (diabetics) or buffer
      (controls). On the 20th day of gestation, fetal body weight and uterine blood
      flow appeared reduced whereas fetal/maternal plasma glucose was enhanced and
      lactate ratios were unchanged in diabetics versus controls. After 20 min of (U
      14C)-D-glucose infusion through the maternal left uterine artery, plasma values
      of fetuses from left and right uterine horns were higher for 14C-glucose and
      lower for 14C-lactate in diabetics versus controls, and placental glucose
      transfer was greatly augmented in diabetics whether or not uterine blood flow was
      included in its calculation. Whereas a linear correlation existed between
      placental glucose transfer and maternal plasma glucose concentration, transferred
      glucose conversion into lactate remained stable even when the maternal glucose
      level was high. It was concluded that enhanced placental glucose transfer in the
      pregnant diabetic rat is not modified by reduced uterine blood flow. The limited
      capacity of the fetus to handle the great incoming flux of glucose through the
      placenta of a severely diabetic mother produces permanent hyperglycemia which may
      impair fetal growth.

PMID- 4063415
TI  - Prenatal versus neonatal long-term effect of phenobarbital on mouse microsomal
      drug-oxidizing system.
AB  - Mice were exposed to phenobarbital (PhB) prenatally or neonatally. Prenatal
      treatment (PreB) was accomplished by feeding the mother PhB, 3 g/kg milled food
      on gestation days 9-18. Neonates (NeoB mice) were injected daily with 50 mg/kg
      PhB. The activity of the hepatic microsomal drug-oxidizing system was assayed in
      the PreB mice (at ages 28 and 50 days), NeoB mice (22, 28 and 50 days) and
      controls. PreB had at day 28 only small increases in enzyme activity. However, on
      day 50 there was a 3-fold increase in PhB level compared to control. Among NeoB
      mice the enzyme activity was 3 times above control on day 22 but the increase was
      abolished on days 28 and 50. Thus, the long-term increase in the microsomal drug
      oxidizing system takes place only after prenatal (and not neonatal) PhB exposure,
      and the increased enzyme activity occurs around maturity.

PMID- 4063416
TI  - Cholinergic processes in blood samples from patients with major psychiatric
      disorders.
AB  - Cholinergic processes were measured in plasma and red blood cells (RBC) obtained
      from patients with mania, depression, and schizophrenia. RBC choline levels were
      elevated in manic patients, and lithium treatment led to a further increase. RBC
      choline transport was below normal in manic patients, and lithium treatment
      further reduced choline transport in addition to reducing the apparent affinity
      for choline. RBC acetylcholinesterase was low in depressed and schizophrenic
      patients, but not in manic patients, whereas plasma acetylcholinesterase was
      reduced only in depressed patients. Plasma nonspecific cholinesterase was below
      normal in all groups of patients. These results indicate unique patterns of
      differences from controls in the cholinergic system in blood samples from
      patients with different psychiatric illnesses.

PMID- 4063417
TI  - NMR chemistry analysis of red blood cell constituents in normal subjects and
      lithium-treated psychiatric patients.
AB  - Red blood cells from 18 lithium carbonate-treated patients with bipolar affective
      disorder and 12 normal volunteers were analyzed using 1H-nuclear magnetic
      resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The spectra were analyzed for alanine, adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP), choline, 2,3-diphosphoglycerol, glucose, glutathione,
      glycine, and lactate. Significant elevations of choline and lactate were found in
      the lithium-treated patients compared with normal, unmedicated subjects. The
      elevation of lactate due to anaerobic metabolism in the red blood cells was
      further investigated via fluorometric analysis and appears to be caused by blood
      standing at room temperature. The observed increases in red blood cell choline
      are sufficiently high and statistically significant to warrant additional studies
      on the dramatic effects of lithium on this red cell metabolite, which might be
      important for an understanding of its mechanism of action in psychiatric
      disorders.

PMID- 4063418
TI  - Neurophysiologic studies of sensory gating in schizophrenia: comparison of
      auditory and visual responses.
AB  - Gating of visual and auditory evoked responses was assessed in chronic
      schizophrenic patients treated with neuroleptic drugs. Middle latency components
      of the visual evoked response (N90-P130) were recorded at the occiput after flash
      stimulus. Possible inhibitory mechanisms of sensory gating were assessed in a
      conditioning-testing paradigm by measuring the change in amplitude of response to
      a second stimulus, relative to the response to the first stimulus. Simultaneous
      electrooculograms were recorded to detect contamination of recordings by eye
      movement. Neither schizophrenic patients nor normal control subjects demonstrated
      significant suppression of visual evoked responses in the conditioning-testing
      paradigm. These results differed markedly from similar measurements of a middle
      latency component of the auditory evoked response (P50) recorded using the same
      conditioning-testing paradigm in these subjects. Normal controls showed
      significant decrements of the P50 response to the second auditory stimulus (mean
      decrement over 80%), whereas schizophrenic patients failed to show a significant
      decrement (mean less than 40%). This finding for auditory evoked responses
      replicated previous studies of normal and schizophrenic subjects. Multiple
      conditioning stimuli were substituted for the single conditioning stimulus used
      previously in an attempt to enhance gating of auditory responses, but suppression
      of the P50 test response did not increase in either normal or schizophrenics.

PMID- 4063419
TI  - Pain, anxiety, and contingent negative variation: a clinical and pharmacological
      study.
AB  - Contingent negative variation (CNV) behavior was studied in 16 volunteers who
      were suffering from spontaneous recurrent pain syndromes (idiopathic trigeminal
      neuralgia, classic migraine). The subjects were divided into two groups, "more
      anxious" and "less anxious," based on psychometric tests (MMPI and STAI X2). The
      CNV recordings were carried out, respectively, in basal resting state, during an
      episode of pain, while under anxiolytic treatment, and lastly, during an episode
      of pain while under anxiolytic therapy. CNV voltage decrease and frequent
      appearance of postimperative negative variation (PINV) were observed when pain
      was present during the recording session. These phenomena were more marked when
      the pain was accompanied by a greater degree of anxiety. Finally, our results
      suggest that this slow evoked potential is sensitive to various degrees of
      anxiety and to pain perception in man, making it useful in the investigation of
      pain as a complex sensation.

PMID- 4063420
TI  - REM sleep latency and contingent negative variation in endogenous depression.
      Suggestion for a common cholinergic mechanism.
AB  - In a sample of 13 endogenous depressive inpatients, REM (rapid eye movement)
      latency (recorded over 4 consecutive nights after 2 habituation nights) and
      contingent negative variation amplitude showed significant relationship,
      suggesting that both parameters may depend on the same mechanisms, possibly
      cholinergic.

PMID- 4063421
TI  - Psychogenic polydipsia and water intoxication--concepts that have failed.
AB  - Ten patients (8 men, 2 women; mean age 38.7 +/- 8.1 years), 7 of whom had
      schizophrenic disorders and 3 of whom had bipolar disorder (manic-depressive
      illness), manifested psychosis, intermittent hyponatremia, and polydipsia (PIP
      syndrome). The relationship between serum sodium and urinary water excretion
      among the 10 PIP patients is described in detail. The success of lithium in
      improving serum sodium levels and in decreasing urinary water excretion among the
      three PIP patients with bipolar disorder and the failure of changes in urinary
      water excretion to explain changes in serum sodium levels among the 10 PIP
      patients argue against "psychogenesis" as the explanation for the polydipsia and
      excessive water intake as the sole explanation for hyponatremia or complications
      ascribed to water intoxication.

PMID- 4063422
TI  - Blink rate and stereotyped behavior: evidence for dopamine involvement?

PMID- 4063423
TI  - Naloxone fails to block ECT-induced prolactin increase.

PMID- 4063424
TI  - Obsessive-compulsive symptoms following stimulants.

PMID- 4063425
TI  - Hormone response to ECT.

PMID- 4063426
TI  - Naloxone and tardive dyskinesia.

PMID- 4063427
TI  - Lithium and RBC water permeability.

PMID- 4063428
TI  - A correlation analysis between pulse transit time and instantaneous blood
      pressure measured indirectly by the vascular unloading method.
AB  - Linear correlation coefficients (r) between pulse transit time (PTT) and blood
      pressure (BP) were evaluated on within-subject by within-condition level. Beat-to
      beat systolic and diastolic BP was measured noninvasively using the vascular
      unloading technique (Yamakoshi, Shimazu and Togawa, 1980). PTT was determined
      from the time interval between the R-wave of ECG and the peak of the finger pulse
      wave. Five male subjects underwent a 2 min resting (RE), a 1 min cold pressor
      test (CP), eight 15 sec anagram tests (AN), and another 1 min CP. Significant r
      values were most frequently obtained for systolic BP and PTT in the RE condition.
      Under the CP or AN conditions, no consistent tendencies were observed. It was
      suggested that none of the r values are sufficiently high to warrant the use of
      PTT as an alternative index of BP. Some factors lowering the r values were
      discussed.

PMID- 4063429
TI  - Vascular responses in headache-prone subjects during stress.
AB  - To see whether vascular reactivity differed among clinically-defined headache
      categories, amplitude of pulsation of the superficial temporal artery, facial
      temperature, blood pressure, heart rate and respiration rate were monitored
      during mental arithmetic and reaction time tests in 30 young women subject to
      classical migraine, common migraine or episodically-recurring tension headaches,
      and in 10 others who rarely or never had headaches. The reliability of responses
      was assessed on three consecutive days. Facial temperature decreased more in
      headache-prone than in nonheadache subjects throughout the experiment. Initial
      increases in temporal pulse amplitude, sustained increases in respiration rate,
      and increases in systolic blood pressure and heart rate during the first session
      were greater in the classical and common migraine groups than in the tension
      headache group. Temporal pulse amplitude and heart rate responses were greatest
      in the classical migraine group. Since standardized increases in temporal pulse
      amplitude were greater than increases in other modalities in only a minority of
      headache-prone subjects, it was concluded that dilatation of extracranial
      arteries during stress does not form an essential part of the migraine syndrome.

PMID- 4063430
TI  - Individual nicotine requirements: the relationship between differences in
      nicotine intake and physiological response.
AB  - Pharmacological reinforcement has been identified as a major factor in the
      maintenance of cigarette smoking. Smokers seem to seek an individually
      characteristic level of nicotine intake and adjust their smoking parameters in
      order to obtain this dose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the
      differences in nicotine intake and to relate these differences to the
      physiological effects of smoking. The effects of smoking was investigated among
      18 male smokers on a normal smoking day and after a period of deprivation. On the
      basis of the butt-nicotine analysis performed on the cigarettes smoked in the
      deprivation condition the sample was divided into high and low nicotine intake
      groups. Heart rate, skin conductance, respiratory activity before, during and
      after smoking were recorded. Smoking topography and typology was also measured.
      The results showed that the two groups were effected differentially by smoking
      and by deprivation. Although they differed in basal heart rate levels the two
      groups achieved similar levels with smoking. The results pointed out that
      nicotine dosage and constitutional make-up may interact in determining the
      physiological effects produced.

PMID- 4063431
TI  - Blink reflex modification by selective attention: evidence for the modulation of
      'automatic' processing.
AB  - Probe stimuli which elicit activity reflexly provide a means of assessing 'top
      down' effects of attentional manipulations while minimizing the perhaps
      insolvable problem of determining whether effects are due to post-perceptual
      selection or to changes in the input pathway. Parallel experiments on adults and
      infants presented acoustic and visual probes unpredictably while subjects
      attended to acoustic and visual foregrounds: Attention was indexed by heart rate
      deceleration. When probe and foreground modality matched, probe-elicited reflex
      blinks were significantly facilitated in magnitude (infants) or latency (adults)
      relative to reflexes elicited when probe and foreground modality mismatched.
      Further, facilitation was greater when modality-matching probes were presented
      over foregrounds judged a priori to be more 'interesting' than 'dull'
      foregrounds. Because acoustic and visual blink reflexes have a common efferent
      path, modulating effects must have occurred earlier, in modality-specific paths.
      As such, the results suggest that attention can influence 'automatic' sensory
      perceptual analysis.

PMID- 4063432
TI  - Levels of placental protein 10 (PP 10) in maternal serum in normal and pathologic
      pregnancies.
AB  - Concentrations of placental protein 10 (PP 10) were measured by radioimmunoassay
      and found to be detectable but very low in nonpregnant women and in men. In an
      assay of 223 samples from normal pregnancies, the mean PP 10 level was 2.7 +/-
      1.0 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) at 6 to 7 weeks of gestation. The level of PP 10 in
      maternal sera increased gradually as pregnancy progressed to a high of 40.2 +/-
      19.0 ng/ml at 38 to 39 weeks, followed by a slight decrease to 28.9 +/- 15.6
      ng/ml at 40 to 41 weeks. The coefficients of variation were 8.6 to 16.2% in
      diurnal variation and 10.3 to 34% in day-to-day variation. Relatively lower PP 10
      levels were observed in maternal sera in threatened abortion with poor prognosis,
      toxemia of pregnancy, intrauterine fetal death and placenta previa.

PMID- 4063433
TI  - Effect of pregnancy on the natural course of preexistent glomerular disease.
AB  - The clinical course of pregnancies in 3 patients with well defined glomerular
      diseases is described. Two women who had moderate renal insufficiency (serum
      creatinine greater than or equal to 1.6 mg/dl) at conception had also a dramatic
      progress to end-stage renal disease during pregnancy which in one case resulted
      in fetal loss. Glomerular diseases were focal glomerular sclerosis and
      poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis respectively. One patient with
      membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis was not affected. It is concluded that
      pregnancy can change the natural course of preexistent glomerular disease in
      patients with impaired renal function.

PMID- 4063434
TI  - Metabolism of steroid hormones in vitro by follicular tissues of the Japanese
      quail.
AB  - The cell-free homogenates of the theca layers and granulosa layers of quail
      follicles were incubated at 39 degrees C with 14C-labeled steroids in the
      presence of NADPH. At the end of incubation, radioactive steroids were extracted
      and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. When radioactive progesterone was
      employed as the substrate, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione were
      obtained as the metabolites. 17 alpha-Hydroxylase activity, estimated from the
      amounts of these two metabolites, was high in the theca layers of the second
      largest (F2) and the third largest (F3) follicles. The theca layer of the largest
      follicle (F1) and the granulosa layers of all three follicles were essentially
      devoid of this enzyme activity. The activity of C17-20 lyase was estimated from
      the amount of androstenedione that was obtained as a sole metabolite in the
      incubation of radioactive 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. This enzyme showed a
      tissue distribution similar to 17 alpha-hydroxylase. When radioactive
      androstenedione was used as the substrate, testosterone, 5 beta-androstane-3,17
      dione, and 3 beta-hydroxy-5 beta-androstan-17-one were identified as the
      metabolites. 17 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity, estimated from the
      amount of testosterone, was higher in the granulosa layers than in the theca
      layers. On the other hand, 5 beta-reductase activity, estimated from the sum of 5
      beta-androstane-3,17-dione and 3 beta-hydroxy-5 beta-androstan-17-one, was almost
      equally distributed in the two layers. In order to investigate the changes in the
      enzyme activities during the ovulatory cycle, birds were killed at various times
      before the predicted ovulation of F1. When the 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity was
      estimated in the cell-free homogenates of the theca layers, peaks in the activity
      were observed 32, 42, 54, and 66 h before ovulation of F1. There was a small peak
      18 h before ovulation, and activity then started to decrease. The change of C17
      20 lyase activity during the cycle was completely parallel with that of 17 alpha
      hydroxylase activity.

PMID- 4063435
TI  - Evidence for the activation of female reproduction by males in a marsupial, the
      gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica).
AB  - Although social factors are known to influence reproduction in a number of
      eutherian mammals, the effect of these factors on marsupial reproduction has not
      heretofore been studied. In this study, the temporal pattern of births and of the
      appearance of vaginal estrus following pairing with a male were examined in the
      gray short-tailed opossum, a small Brazilian didelphid. Although the estrous
      cycle is approximately 32 days long in this species, 75% of conceptions occurred
      within 9 days and 91.6% within 13 days following pairing. When sensory contact
      was permitted although mating was prevented, females tended to show vaginal
      estrus 3 to 7 days following pairing with a male. These findings are discussed
      with respect to possible mechanism, adaptive significance, and evolutionary
      perspective.

PMID- 4063436
TI  - Evidence for the involvement of prostaglandins throughout the decidual cell
      reaction in the rat.
AB  - Previous studies in which prostaglandin (PG) production was inhibited for a
      limited time by the s.c. administration of indomethacin have suggested that PGs
      are involved in the initiation of decidualization as well as the growth and
      differentiation of decidual cells. To reduce PG production during
      decidualization, in the present study indomethacin was infused from Alzet osmotic
      minipumps into the uterine lumen of ovariectomized rats with uteri sensitized for
      decidualization. To determine the effect of route of indomethacin administration
      on decidualization, rats received a single s.c. injection of indomethacin or its
      vehicle, and unilateral intrauterine infusion of indomethacin or its vehicle, in
      a factorial experiment. The inhibitory effects on decidualization, as assessed 5
      days later by uterine weights, were greatest when both treatments were combined.
      Prostaglandins E and F concentrations 24 and 48 h after the insertion of the
      pumps were lower in the indomethacin-infused horns, suggesting that the
      indomethacin reduced uterine PG production. By contrast, subcutaneously
      administered indomethacin reduced uterine PG concentrations at 24 h but not at 48
      h. Prostaglandin E2 and PGF2 alpha alone or combined, infused with indomethacin
      into the uterine lumen of rats treated subcutaneously with indomethacin, overrode
      the inhibitory effects of indomethacin. The dose-response relationships between
      these PGs and decidualization did not differ. These data suggest that PGs are
      required during the growth and differentiation of decidual cells from endometrial
      stromal cells.

PMID- 4063437
TI  - Levels of neural vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in rat uterus are markedly
      changed in association with pregnancy as shown by immunocytochemistry and
      radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Immunocytochemical studies have shown that the rat uterus is well innervated by
      nerve fibers containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). The fibers were
      associated with both vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle cells, and they were
      somewhat more numerous in the cervix compared to the uterine horns. This was
      confirmed in radioimmunologic determinations. Pregnancy induced a marked, almost
      50% reduction in the total content of VIP in the uterine horns, which was
      associated with an almost complete disappearance of immunocytochemically visible
      nerve fibers in this part of the uterus. The innervation normalized within 25
      days following delivery. Less marked changes occurred in the VIP innervation of
      the cervical region, where the concentration of the peptide was reduced mainly as
      a result of the increased tissue weight during pregnancy.

PMID- 4063438
TI  - Glycoproteins: a variable factor in surface transformation of ram spermatozoa
      during epididymal transit.
AB  - To determine sequential surface glycoprotein changes in ram spermatozoa during
      epididymal maturation, labeling procedures were used that were specific for
      galactosyl, galactosaminyl, and sialyl residues. Spermatozoa and fluids were
      collected from the rete testis through surgically inserted catheters or flushed
      from the lumen of selected regions of the epididymis: i.e., caput, proximal and
      distal corpus, and cauda epididymidis. Ejaculated spermatozoa were collected by
      electrical stimulation. Electrophorectic analysis of galactose (GAO)-sodium
      boro[3H]hydride (NaB3H4)-treated spermatozoa revealed a sharp overall decrease in
      carbohydrate residue labeling during sperm transport through the efferent ducts
      and caput epididymidis, whereas several high molecular weight components in the
      600K to 250K zone persisted throughout epididymal transit. Preincubation of
      spermatozoa with neuraminidase (NEUA) exposed galactose residues that had not
      been labeled with GAO alone (i.e., 97K, 43K, 24K) in both cauda epididymal and
      ejaculated spermatozoa. Treatment with sodium metaperiodate-NaB3H4 labeled many
      of the surface components displayed by NEUA-GAO-treated spermatozoa and revealed
      an overall shift in sialyl residue labeling from high molecular weight components
      in immature testicular spermatozoa to low molecular weight components in mature
      cells. The labeling procedures applied allowed only a qualitative interpretation
      of the results and they presumably represent the minimum possible changes.
      Nonetheless, our results demonstrate that glycoproteins are a major factor in
      surface transformations of ram spermatozoa in the epididymis, especially during
      the initial stages of maturation.

PMID- 4063439
TI  - Isolation and cell culture of the epithelial cells of cauda epididymidis of the
      bull.
AB  - A simple and rapid method has been described to isolate the epithelial cells of
      cauda epididymidis of adult bull. Perfusion of the lumen of the cauda
      epididymidis with 1 mg/ml collagenase in calcium- and magnesium-free Hank's
      balanced salt solution and incubation of the tissue at 37 degrees C for 90 min
      releases the principal and basal cells into the lumen. Several individual
      epithelial cells and cell aggregates without the contamination of stromal or
      smooth muscle cells can be flushed out at the end of incubation. The isolated
      epithelial cells, suspended in Dulbecco's medium with 10% horse serum, attach to
      plastic dishes within 3 h after seeding the cells and proliferate to form a
      monolayer in approximately 8-12 days. The electron microscopic study and
      immunostaining of the cultured epithelial cells indicate that the cultured cells
      are principal cells. The basal cells of the intact cauda epididymidis of bull
      show within their cytoplasm the presence of varying amounts of "lipid-like"
      material often closely associated with whorls of membrane.

PMID- 4063440
TI  - Effect of photoperiod and melatonin on testis development and regression in wild
      European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).
AB  - Testis size in male wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) kept in an enclosure in
      Cambridgeshire, U.K. was maximal during May and June and minimal between October
      and December. Regression occurred after the summer solstice and recrudescence
      occurred after the winter solstice. Rabbits kept in long days for 25 wk showed no
      sign of spontaneous testis regression. Hence, testis regression during the summer
      is probably not due to development of refractoriness to long days. Testis
      regression occurred in rabbits transferred from long (16L:8D) to short (8L:16D)
      days. Within 8 wk of the transfer spontaneous regrowth of the testes occurred and
      the rabbits moulted, and after 16 wk the testes had recovered to their size
      before the transfer. Subcutaneous implants of melatonin given to rabbits in long
      days mimicked the effect of a transfer to short days by causing testis regression
      followed by recrudescence. Moult occurred in rabbits immediately after short day-
      or melatonin-induced testis regression. The study demonstrates that seasonal
      reproduction in male wild rabbits in Britain is largely controlled by changes in
      photoperiod and that this is probably mediated via the pineal gland.

PMID- 4063441
TI  - Collagen and the proliferation and differentiation of rat ventral prostate
      epithelial cells.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine if a cause-and-effect relationship
      exists between androgen-induced changes in collagen and epithelial cell
      proliferation and/or differentiation in rat ventral prostate. Analyses of the
      temporal relationship between dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced changes in the
      synthesis and levels of collagen in the regressed ventral prostates of adult
      castrates demonstrated that, during the first 7 days of restoration of prostatic
      growth, androgen increased the synthesis as well as the degradation of collagen.
      Cis-hydroxyproline (CHP) treatment (2-200 mg/kg) during the first 7 days of
      androgen-stimulated prostatic growth, combined with maintenance of animals on a
      proline-free diet, produced a dose-dependent reduction in prostate weight and DNA
      content to a maximum of 50%. The epithelium was characterized by numerous
      disorganized layers of irregularly shaped and tightly packed cells, many of which
      had no contact with the basal lamina. There was a loss of epithelial lamina
      lucida and the development of a ragged lamina densa. Cis-hydroxyproline effects
      were reversible in that, following cessation of CHP treatment, the perturbed
      morphology, DNA content, and organ weight returned to the range of DHT-treated
      controls. Collagenous components seem to be important in supporting the normal
      androgen-dependent proliferation and differentiation of prostatic epithelial
      cells.

PMID- 4063442
TI  - Granulosa cells stimulate in vitro the expansion of isolated mouse cumuli
      oophori: involvement of prostaglandin E2.
AB  - Granulosa cells (2 X 10(6) per ml) obtained from pregnant mare's serum
      gonadotropin (PMSG)-primed mice induce within 24 h the expansion in vitro of
      cocultured mouse cumuli oophori. Experiments with conditioned media showed that
      the expansion-promoting action of granulosa cells is due to diffusible factor(s)
      released into the culture medium. Studies with prostaglandin synthetase
      inhibitors and direct measurements of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) released by
      granulosa cells in the culture medium have also been performed. The results
      strongly suggest that the cumulus oophorus expansion-promoting action of
      granulosa cells is mediated by PGE2, and support the hypothesis (Downs and Longo,
      1983) that granulosa cells might play a similar role in the mechanism of cumulus
      expansion in vivo. The suggestion is advanced that coculture with granulosa cells
      might be of help to allow physiologic expansion in culture of immature cumuli
      obtained from preovulatory follicles in in vitro fertilization programs.

PMID- 4063443
TI  - Age-related change in numbers of other interstitial cells in testes of adult men:
      evidence bearing on the fate of Leydig cells lost with increasing age.
AB  - The number of Leydig cells in the adult human testis declines as a function of
      increasing age, but whether these cells disappear by transforming into another
      cell type or by undergoing death and dissolution has not been resolved. This
      question was addressed in 30 men between 20 and 76 years of age who were known as
      a group to have experienced significant age-related loss of Leydig cells. If the
      loss of Leydig cells resulted from transformation into another cell type, other
      testicular interstitial cells in these men should have increased with age. Testes
      obtained at autopsy were perfused with glutaraldehyde less than 15 h after sudden
      death due to trauma or heart attack. Numbers of other interstitial cells were
      determined by quantitative histometric estimation of the proportion of testicular
      parenchyma occupied by other interstitial cell nuclei of measured average volume.
      Other interstitial cell nuclei declined significantly with advancing age (rho = 
      0.41, P less than 0.05). Mean number of other interstitial cell nuclei per
      individual was significantly reduced in the 15 men 50 yr old or older compared to
      the 15 younger men (460 +/- 34 million vs. 609 +/- 43 million; P less than 0.05).
      There was no tendency for individuals with reduced numbers of Leydig cells to
      have increased numbers of other interstitial cells. These findings argued against
      the persistence of Leydig cells in aged testes as dedifferentiated mesenchymal
      elements. Instead, light and electron microscopic observation of testes from
      these men revealed evidence of Leydig cell degeneration and dissolution.

PMID- 4063444
TI  - Synthesis of H-2 antigens by preimplantation mouse embryos.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which utilized anti-H-2 monoclonal
      antibody, was used to detect H-2 antigens on preimplantation mouse embryos. All
      embryonic stages studied, including unfertilized eggs and 1-cell, 2-cell, 8-cell,
      and blastocyst-stage embryos, showed the presence of H-2 antigens. To prove that
      the H-2 antigens were not cytophilically adsorbed to the embryos, blastocysts
      were treated with papain to strip off the H-2 antigens, and then the embryos were
      further incubated to allow the H-2 antigens to regenerate. After a 3-h incubation
      time, 60% of the H-2 antigens on the embryos had reappeared, proving that the H-2
      antigens were synthesized by the embryos themselves.

PMID- 4063445
TI  - Studies on the endocrinology of parturition: relative steroidogenesis in
      coexisting genetically dissimilar ovine fetuses, concomitant with the temporal
      patterns of maternal C18 and C19 steroids and prostaglandin F2 alpha release.
AB  - Ovine embryos collected from two breeds of ewes possessing different gestational
      periods [Finnish Landrace (Finn), 145.5 +/- 1.4 days; Rambouillet (Ra), 150.7 +/-
      1.3 days] were transferred to common, randomly selected recipients. Fetal plasma
      samples were collected from mixed-breed (MB, one Finn and one Ra; n = 6) and
      single-breed (SB, single Finn, n = 3; single Ra, n = 3) chronic fetal
      preparations during the last trimester. In the MB pregnancy, the Ra sibling had
      temporal patterns of androstenedione similar to those observed in the Finn co
      twin; however, these particular changes were greatly accelerated in comparison to
      the same day of gestation in SB Ra fetuses. Similarly, temporal patterns of
      change in unconjugated estrone, estrone sulfate, and 17 beta-estradiol were
      accelerated by as much as 4.6 to 5 days in Ra fetuses of MB pregnancies when
      compared to Ra fetuses in the SB pregnancies (P less than 0.001), with no
      difference noted between Ra and Finn co-twins. Maternal progesterone
      concentrations changed from 8 to 2 ng/ml, androstenedione from 200 to 400 pg/ml,
      estrone from 65 to 250 pg/ml, and 15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2 alpha
      from 200 pg/ml to 6000 pg/ml over the last 4 or 5 days of gestation. Chronic
      fetal manipulation accelerated parturition, with mean gestational lengths in MB,
      SB Finn, and SB Ra pregnancies being 141.5 +/- 0.7, 141.7 +/- 0.7, and 149.3 +/-
      0.9 days, respectively. In this study fetal endocrine changes were largely
      controlled in the MB pregnancy by the fetal co-twin exhibiting a shorter
      gestational period.

PMID- 4063446
TI  - Effect of partial stepwise luteectomy in pregnant gilts on maternal and fetal
      concentrations of progesterone.
AB  - The number of corpora lutea (CL) in gilts was reduced to 8, 5, and 3 on Days 30,
      40, and 50 of gestation, respectively. In a second group of gilts the number of
      CL was reduced to 5 by luteectomy by Day 50. Luteectomy did not affect
      concentrations of progesterone (P) in maternal uterine or fetal umbilical vessels
      sampled at Day 80. Concentration of P was higher in umbilical than uterine plasma
      in all treatments (P less than 0.01). The uterine arterial-venous (A/V)
      difference in concentrations of P was positive and the umbilical A/V difference
      was negative in all groups. The uterine and umbilical A/V differences at Day 80
      decreased as the number of CL decreased. Fetal survival was reduced in
      luteectomized gilts. These results indicate that gradual reduction of numbers of
      CL does not result in placental secretion of P into the maternal circulation but
      does alter the uptake of P by the uterus and umbilical circulation.

PMID- 4063447
TI  - [Developmental trends in laboratory medicine. A plea for a rethinking in human
      medical analysis].

PMID- 4063448
TI  - [Solid-phase chemistry, possibilities and limits].

PMID- 4063449
TI  - [Use of solid reagent carriers for determining the specific gravity of urine].

PMID- 4063450
TI  - The importance of thermal equilibration for quality control in clinical enzyme
      analysis.

PMID- 4063451
TI  - The effect of anesthetics on hydrogen bonds. An infrared study at low anesthetic
      concentrations.
AB  - It is shown that a striking parallelism exists between the anesthetic potency of
      general halocarbon anesthetics and their influence on the hydrogen bond
      association constants in N-H...O=C type hydrogen bonds, important for shaping the
      ion channels. It is further shown that the effect of potent anesthetics (which
      contain an acidic hydrogen) on the free/associated ratio in such hydrogen bonds
      is still significant at clinical anesthetic concentrations. It is argued that the
      results are in keeping with a pluralistic theory of anesthesia based on both
      hydrophobic and polar interactions.

PMID- 4063452
TI  - A general method of deriving the best binding site model consistent with
      experimental binding data.
AB  - An analysis of binding data is presented which yields the best binding site model
      consistent with the experimental data. The analysis is applicable to homotropic
      binding and yields the number of independent sites, number of interacting sites
      (dimers and tetramers of sites), intrinsic association constants, and degree of
      interaction. The information is derived from the roots of a binding polynomial
      constructed by the fitted Adair constants.

PMID- 4063453
TI  - Denaturation thermodynamics of chicken cardiac metmyoglobin.
AB  - The unfolding at pH 8 of chicken cardiac aquometmyoglobin was examined as a
      function of temperature and concentration of guanidinium chloride using the two
      state model. The isothermal unfolding data at 25 degrees C were fitted to
      Tanford's transfer model and the binding model of Aune and Tanford. The estimates
      obtained for delta GD were virtually identical, viz., 8.3 +/- 0.3 kcal mol-1. The
      chicken metmyoglobin is thus some 5.3 kcal mol-1 less stable than that of sperm
      whale metmyoglobin. The unfolding parameters alpha and delta n were decreased 20%
      from those of mammalian myoglobins thus far examined, suggesting nonidentity of
      native conformations. The apparent enthalpy change on unfolding was dependent on
      both temperature and denaturant concentration. The decreases in the isothermal
      unfolding parameters from those of sperm whale are principally assigned to three
      of the 46 sequence changes.

PMID- 4063454
TI  - Substituent effects on the binding of ethidium and its derivatives to natural
      DNA.
AB  - The binding of eight ethidium derivatives to short (approximately 35 base-pair),
      random sequence DNA has been investigated using 1H-NMR. At 35 degrees C, all
      drugs cause upfield shifts of the DNA imino proton resonances characteristic of
      intercalative binding to DNA, but the line shapes vary significantly with the
      nature of the drug. The results confirm our previous proposal that removal of the
      amino group at position-3, but not at position-8, on the parent ethidium shortens
      the lifetime of the intercalative state (less than 1-2 ms at 35 degrees C). These
      results suggest that hydrogen-bonding interactions with the 3-NH2 group are
      involved in stabilization of the drug-DNA complex or that changes in charge
      distribution that accompany removal of the 3-NH2 group reduce the complex
      stability. The magnitude of the shift of the drug-DNA spectra indicates a slight
      preference for binding of the drugs adjacent to G X C base-pairs.

PMID- 4063455
TI  - Association states of tubulin in the presence and absence of microtubule
      associated proteins. Analysis by electric birefringence.
AB  - Electric birefringence has been used to examine the states of association of
      tubulin in phosphocellulose-purified tubulin or depolymerized microtubule protein
      solutions at low temperature. In a high electric field (1000-4000 V/cm), tubulin
      could be orientated (owing to the existence of a permanent and/or induced dipole)
      and exhibited a positive birefringence (delta n), related to its intrinsic
      optical anisotropy. The analysis of the relaxation process (depending on
      hydrodynamic properties of molecules), by measurement of the time decay of delta
      n, revealed the existence of a multicomponent or polydisperse system, whatever
      the tubulin solution. Two relaxation times, representative of the smallest and
      the largest orientated species, were obtained by computer-fitting analysis. The
      mean values of relaxation time for phosphocellulose-purified tubulin were 0.8 and
      8 microseconds. In microtubule protein solutions, large-sized macromolecular
      species with relaxation time up to 450 microseconds were detected. The largest
      species (relaxation times ranging from 50 to 450 microseconds) could be
      eliminated by centrifugation at 3000000 X g for 1 h. Addition of microtubule
      associated protein to either pure tubulin or high-speed centrifuged microtubule
      protein led to a rapid formation of large species analogous to those present in
      microtubule protein. Molecular dimensions of the relaxing structures were
      estimated using simple hydrodynamic models and values of rotational diffusion
      constants calculated from the relaxation times, and compared to those of the
      structures described in the literature. In conclusion, we have found that (a)
      phosphocellulose-purified tubulin is not only composed of elementary species
      (dimers) but also contains tubulin-associated forms of limited size (up to 7-10
      dimers), (b) depolymerized microtubule protein solutions contain ring oligomers
      and structures very much larger, the formation of which is dependent on the
      presence of microtubule-associated protein.

PMID- 4063456
TI  - Optimization of laser beams in FRAP experiments of microscopical objects.
AB  - In fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments the sample is
      irradiated on a small spot, the diameter of which must be related to the sample
      size and the diffusion constant to be measured. This paper considers the
      conventional FRAP set-up where a laser beam is directed through a microscope
      vertical illuminator to the sample. The requirements of an intermediate optical
      system producing a Gaussian beam with a waist of given radius in the microscope
      object plane are considered, and the optical parameters determined.

PMID- 4063457
TI  - DSC study of reversible and irreversible thermal denaturation of concentrated
      globular protein solutions.
AB  - A calorimetric study of the thermal denaturation of bovine serum albumin, RNAase
      and catalase in concentrated solutions (crystals) has been carried out. The
      results obtained for RNAase studied within the pH range 2.5-8.5 show that for
      concentrated solutions there is an interval of pH where, on cooling of the
      solution which had undergone denaturation, its renaturation is observed. In the
      case of concentrated and dilute solutions of RNAase these intervals coincide. The
      study of RNAase under such conditions at various heating rates shows that there
      is a range of rates in which the process of denaturation of concentrated
      solutions can be considered as reversible. The dependences of Td and Hd on pH and
      concentration of solutions have been determined. The denaturation enthalpy of
      concentrated solutions like in dilute ones, has been found to be independent of
      the pH of solutions, and the experimentally registered change has been proved to
      be the result of its dependence on temperature. A new method of determination of
      protein denaturation enthalpy under the conditions of intensive molecule
      aggregation is suggested. The forms of irreversibility as appearing in the
      calorimetric experiment were determined by comparing reversible and irreversible
      denaturation under continuous and step-heating regimes. It is shown that the
      decrease in Tmax and the narrowing of the heat absorption peak in the case of
      decreasing heating rates of protein solutions, observed under certain
      environmental conditions, results from the irreversibility of the denaturation
      process.

PMID- 4063458
TI  - Effect of self-association on the conformation of gastrin-related peptides: CD
      study on pGlu-(Glu)4-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-Nle-Asp-Phe amide.

PMID- 4063459
TI  - Interhelical effects on the low-frequency modes and phase transitions of Li- and
      Na-DNA.

PMID- 4063460
TI  - Stabilization of gamma-turn conformations in peptides by disulfide bridging.

PMID- 4063461
TI  - Diffusion coefficients of segmentally flexible macromolecules with two spherical
      subunits.

PMID- 4063462
TI  - Concentration dependence of proteoglycan diffusion.

PMID- 4063463
TI  - Ultrastructural pathology of solid tumours.
AB  - Electron microscopy demonstrates solid tumours can be subdivided in two groups;
      those with or those without junctions. The submicroscopic details useful for the
      identification of the histogenesis of the tumour cells have been briefly
      described for each of these groups.

PMID- 4063464
TI  - Lipoprotein composition in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia.
AB  - Lipoproteins have previously, been studied in various myeloproliferative
      disorders. This study focused only on agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM). Total
      cholesterol (TC), phospholipids (PL) and triglycerides (TG) were measured not
      only in serum but also in HDL, VLDL and LDL with in the same time total
      apolipoproteins A1 and B. Besides hypocholesterolemia (p less than 0.01) HDL-TC
      were significantly diminished in mmol/l (p less than 0.01) and in percentage (p
      less than 0.01) while LDL.TC was decreased in mmol/l (p less than 0.01). The
      whole lipid moity (TC + PL + TG) of VLDL was increased (p less than 0.05).
      Cardiovascular diseases occur frequently in these hypocholesterolemic patients.
      Atherogenic ratios: LDL.TC on HDL.TC or VLDL.TC + LDL.TC on HDL.TC were not
      significantly higher than matching age and sex controls. Atherogenic risks could
      be partly related to the significant decrease of HDL.TC.

PMID- 4063465
TI  - Uroporphyrinogen I synthase assay as an evaluation of the in vitro development of
      human BFU-E and CFU-E.
AB  - We describe a simple spectrophotometric microassay to quantify the proliferation
      and the differentiation of human bone marrow or blood erythroid progenitor cells
      CFU-E and BFU-E. These precursors give rise, in culture, to colonies and bursts
      with markedly variations in size and hemoglobinization, which cannot be
      accurately evaluated by the usual method of scoring. We then developed a
      sensitive biochemical microassay to measure the uroporphyrinogen I synthase
      activity of progenitors grown in small wells. This assay is a valuable index of
      erythroid differentiation in vitro. This method can offer the opportunity to test
      the efficiency in vitro of various therapeutic agents in patients with
      hemopoietic disorders.

PMID- 4063466
TI  - [A case of septicemia by a Corynebacterium of the J. K. group].
AB  - We have reported a case of septicaemia caused by "Corynebacterium of group J. K."
      in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukaemia. Recent studies by Riley (1978)
      have shown that the corynebacteria, saprophytes of the skin and mucosa have a
      resistance to common antibiotics. Corynebacteria that are only sensitive to
      virginiamycin and vancomycin are a potential danger for immunosuppressed patients
      and patients with artificial heart valves, the appropriate choice of antibiotic
      can be difficult in these patients.

PMID- 4063467
TI  - [Finances, decision and medical science: the banking solution].

PMID- 4063468
TI  - Regulation of tubulin by triiodothyronine in hypothyroid rat brain.
AB  - The effect of T3 (triiodothyronine) on the induction of tubulin in hypothyroid
      developing rat brain has been examined using organ cultures of brains from late
      fetal, neonatal and postnatal rats. The neonatal brain displayed maximum
      sensitivity to T3. Hypothyroidism resulted in a 26% decline in the level of
      tubulin in the neonatal brain as opposed to a 5-15% decline in the fetal or
      postnatal brain. Exposure of the hypothyroid neonatal brain to T3 for 2 h in
      culture led to a 61% rise in the level of tubulin in contrast to a 41% increase
      seen in the case of normal brain. Total protein synthesis was not significantly
      affected. The preferential decline of tubulin in the neonatal hypothyroid brain,
      its enhanced sensitivity to T3 compared to normal brain, and the coincidence of
      the period of sensitivity to that of brain maturation indicate that the
      regulation of the level of tubulin by T3 in the developing brain is a natural
      ontogenic phenomenon.

PMID- 4063469
TI  - Cold exposure or chronic noradrenaline treatment induces an increase in the
      calmodulin-like immunoreactivity of brown adipose tissue of rats.
AB  - Cell proliferation is often associated with an increase in calmodulin, the
      ubiquitous intracellular calcium receptor of non-muscle cells. A long lasting
      increase in the proliferative activity of brown adipose tissue is induced by cold
      exposure in the rat. The present work showed that this phenomenon is also
      associated with a rapid and long lasting increase in the calmodulin content of
      this tissue. It was equally shown that this increase can be reproduced by
      noradrenaline administration.

PMID- 4063470
TI  - The role of transmembrane sodium gradient in rabbit ileal smooth muscle:
      utilization of harmaline.
AB  - Decreasing extracellular sodium concentration was found to produce a contractile
      response of rabbit ileal smooth muscle. As the concentration decreases, the
      amplitude of contraction increases, thus producing a dose-dependent curve.
      Harmaline, a competitor for sodium, was found to inhibit the sodium gradient
      dependent contractions in a dose-dependent manner. The results are interpreted as
      harmaline inhibiting a Na-Ca exchange mechanism present in ileal smooth muscle.

PMID- 4063471
TI  - Novel application of quantitative immunoassays for screening seed globulins of
      cowpea varieties.
AB  - Using antibodies raised in rabbits, radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are standardized for cowpea (var. Pusa Barsati) seed
      globulins. The RIA, when used to screen three stages of seed development, reveals
      that maximum globulins are detected at 28 days after flowering. When three
      different varieties of cowpea are assayed for their globulin content by RIA and
      ELISA, it is observed that the Bold Grain cowpea has the highest amount of
      related globulin as compared to two other varieties, namely Pusa Phalgun and
      Asparagus Bean.

PMID- 4063472
TI  - A high-affinity folate binding protein in normal human leukocytes: ligand binding
      characteristics, ionic charge and molecular size.
AB  - High-affinity binding of [3H]folate to supernatant from homogenized human
      leukocytes containing large amounts of binding protein displayed apparent
      positive cooperativity. The DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B chromatographic profile of the
      supernatant at pH 6.3 contained a major peak of folate binding (Mr approx. 25
      000) in the front effluent and a smaller more acidic peak (Mr approx. 25 000)
      that emerged after a rise in NaCl from 30 mmol/l to 1 mol/l. Triton X-100
      solubilized cell sediment from the leukocyte homogenate contained some high
      affinity folate binding activity (Mr approx 25 000), typically 5-10% of the total
      binding activity.

PMID- 4063473
TI  - Isolation of the first trypsin inhibitor from the genus Aspergillus.
AB  - The fungus Aspergillus flavipes was grown on a Czapeck sucrose medium; the
      biomass so obtained was treated with high concentration of sucrose to release
      intracellular metabolites. Sephadex G-75 chromatography of the latter yielded a
      pure protein having anti-trypsin activity in vitro.

PMID- 4063474
TI  - Effects of fatty acid chain length and saturation on gastric inhibitory
      polypeptide release in obese hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) mice.
AB  - Plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) responses to equimolar
      intragastrically administered emulsions of fatty acids (2.62 mmol/7.5 ml/kg) were
      examined in 18 h fasted obese hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) mice. Propionic acid (C3:0),
      a saturated short-chain fatty acid, and capric acid (C10:0), a saturated medium
      chain fatty acid, did not significantly stimulate GIP release. However, the
      saturated long-chain fatty acid stearic acid (C18:0), and especially the
      unsaturated long-chain fatty acids oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic
      (C18:3) acids produced a marked GIP response. The results show that chain length
      and to a lesser extent the degree of saturation are important determinants of
      fatty acid-stimulated GIP release. The GIP-release action of long-chain, but not
      short-chain, fatty acids may be related to differences in their intracellular
      handling.

PMID- 4063475
TI  - Consideration of the gain, enzymatic capacity utilization, and response time
      properties of metabolic networks as a function of operating point and structure.
AB  - Computer simulation is used to examine the gain, utilization of enzymatic
      capacity and response time properties of a simple metabolic network consisting of
      a sequence of irreversible enzyme reactions controlled by non-allosteric feedback
      inhibition. The latter properties are chosen because interpretation of a
      metabolic network's structure can be aided by envisioning the network to maximize
      a single objective such as flux control. However, by examining the properties as
      a function of the network's operating point (extent of saturation of the first
      enzymatic reaction) and structural characteristics, it is found that apparent
      trade-offs occur between definable objectives. It is suggested that greater
      consideration of the trade-offs that may occur could help generate metabolic
      network heuristics and facilitate the interpretation of metabolic networks in
      terms of the functional role they play in the intact organism.

PMID- 4063476
TI  - Computer modeling studies of the structure of a repressor.
AB  - Due to advances in molecular biology the DNA sequences of structural genes coding
      for proteins are often known before a protein is characterized or even isolated.
      The function of a protein whose amino acid sequence has been deduced from a DNA
      sequence may not even be known. This has created greater interest in the
      development of methods to predict the tertiary structures of proteins. The a
      priori prediction of a protein's structure from its amino acid sequence is not
      yet possible. However, since proteins with similar amino acid sequences are
      observed to have similar three-dimensional structures, it is possible to use an
      analogy with a protein of known structure to draw some conclusions about the
      structure and properties of an uncharacterized protein. The process of predicting
      the tertiary structure of a protein relies very much upon computer modeling and
      analysis of the structure. The prediction of the structure of the bacteriophage
      434 cro repressor is used as an example illustrating current procedures.

PMID- 4063477
TI  - Learning and coding of concepts in neural networks.
AB  - Our environment consists of virtually an infinite number of scenarios in which we
      have to function. In order to respond properly to an incoming stimulus, the brain
      has first to analyze it, and to find out the basic familiar elements that are
      part of it. In other words, by using a library which contains a relatively small
      number of basic concepts, the brain analyzes the multitude of incoming events.
      Some of those basic concepts are innate, but many of them must be learned, in
      order to accommodate for the arbitrary environment around us. A classifying box
      is defined as the neural network that finds out the familiar concepts that are
      present in an incoming stimulus. Models for classifying boxes are introduced, and
      possible mechanisms by which they may establish their libraries of concepts are
      suggested, and then compared and evaluated by computer simulations.

PMID- 4063479
TI  - Delivery of the premature.

PMID- 4063478
TI  - Maternal nutrition and congenital malformations.

PMID- 4063480
TI  - Natural childbirth: a tempered view.

PMID- 4063481
TI  - Fetal preventive medicine.

PMID- 4063482
TI  - Fetal medicine.

PMID- 4063483
TI  - The impact of antepartum fetal heart rate monitoring on perinatal outcome.

PMID- 4063484
TI  - Prepartal rupture of the chorioamnion.

PMID- 4063485
TI  - The flow and dispersion of water in the vascular network of dicotyledonous
      leaves.
AB  - The relationships between the geometric characteristics of, the local flow rates
      of xylem sap in, and relative pressures in the reticulate anastomosing vascular
      network of dicotyledonous leaves of Populus Balsamifera L. are reported. The
      conducting channels of cellulosic microcapillaries are covered by sheaths of
      chloroplast free cells through the walls of which water withdrawn from vascular
      bundles percolates to reach evaporation sites. Along the mid-rib and branch
      generations, the population and cross-section areas of the microcapillaries
      decrease with distance but not in a monotonic manner. Lateral withdrawal rates
      from the veins were highest at the base of the leaf lamina. More than 50% of the
      inlet stream had dispersed out of the conduits within the first 25% of the leaf
      lamina area from the petiole junction. Absolute values of pressure gradients
      generally decreased in the apical direction along the vein.

PMID- 4063486
TI  - Blood flow in tapered tubes with biorheological applications.
AB  - A steady laminar flow of blood in a uniform tapered tube has been examined. Blood
      rheology is assumed to be described by a polar fluid. The analytical expressions
      for velocities (both axial and radial), total angular velocity, wall shear and
      pressure drop have been obtained. In literature, the parameters N (coupling
      number) and L (length ratio) have been chosen independently. But, in the present
      analysis, it is found that they are interrelated. Variation of the flow variables
      with suspension concentration and tapered angle have been investigated. Some of
      the theoretical models for the flow through tapered tubes have been critically
      examined. The pressure-flow relationship has been studied numerically over the
      flow rate range 0.01-0.1 cc/sec and compared with experimental results. It has
      been shown that the existing experimental results are for the tapered tubes of
      larger diameter which correspond to the flow under Newtonian conditions. Finally,
      some biological implications and future developments of this theory have been
      indicated.

PMID- 4063488
TI  - Abstracts of eighth annual meeting, Japanese Society of Biorheology. Tokyo,
      Japan, 15-16 June 1985.

PMID- 4063487
TI  - A physical theory of erythrocyte sedimentation.
AB  - A new physical theory of erythrocyte sedimentation is proposed. Various
      assumptions underlying Stokes' formula are first criticized. An explicit formula
      is proposed, taking into account some of the results of recent experimental
      investigations including the effect of upward flow of plasma and the time course
      of growth of aggregates. It is generally shown that the sedimentation curve
      without aggregation never becomes a sigmoid. Our formula is applicable to the
      increased ESR due to the aggregation of erythrocytes. The sedimentation velocity
      depends not only on the hematocrit and the ultimate size of the aggregates, but
      also on the retardation time of the growth of aggregates in conformity with the
      experimental result of Kernick et al.

PMID- 4063489
TI  - [Functional organization of the kinesthetic projections of the 1st somatosensory
      region of the cat cortex].
AB  - Electrophysiological studies were performed on adult cats under ethaminal
      anesthesia. Kinesthetic potentials were evoked by passive extension of the ulnar
      joint and recorded in contralateral primary somatosensory cortical area. Natural
      (nonelectrical) stimulation of peripheral kinesthetic receptors was performed
      according to the author's original method. The results obtained show
      significantly shorter latent period of contralateral kinesthetic potentials in
      comparison with somatosensory potentials in response to electrical stimulation of
      the skin. These data demonstrate the possibility of super-rapid conduction of
      modal-specific volleys to the cortical projection centres in the kinesthetic
      system of cats.

PMID- 4063490
TI  - [Cortical representation of the heart sinus node zone].
AB  - Evoked potentials (EP) arising in response to electrical stimulation of the heart
      sinus node zone (SNZ) were registered in the cortex of the large hemispheres
      (LHS) of cats. EP with the shortest latent period (LP) of 18-19 months were
      recorded both in the left and right hemispheres in the area of a cross-shaped
      cleft (associative field PCA, partially the I motorsensor zone and the I
      sensorimotor zone). Besides, EP with a more durable LP (20-21 months) were
      registered in the 2nd sensorimotor zone. EP remained unchanged after bilateral
      vagotomy and disappeared after spinal cord cutting at C-2 level. The presence of
      the functional centre regulating cardiac activity in the branch sections of LHS
      is suggested.

PMID- 4063491
TI  - [Role of the hypothalamus in regulating liver circulation].
AB  - In acute experiments on nembutal anesthetized dogs stimulation of anterior
      hypothalamus elicited changes in the hepatic artery blood flow, which followed
      those of arterial pressure; the vascular resistance remaining unchanged. The
      stimulation of medial and posterior hypothalamus led to decrease in flow and
      increase in the resistance of the hepatic artery. In most cases of hypothalamic
      stimulation the portal blood flow diminished, portal pressure and vascular
      resistance increased. The opposite reactions were observed during stimulation of
      sympathoinhibitory area, paraventricular and lateral hypothalamic nuclei. The
      conclusion is made that the hypothalamus participates in integrative and
      differential control of the hepatic circulation.

PMID- 4063492
TI  - [Functional activity of the adrenal system in relation to the hierarchical status
      of male hamadryas baboons in an isolated group].
AB  - The correlation between hormonal activity of hypophysis-gonad system and
      hierarchical status of hamadryas baboon males in an isolated group was studied.
      It has been established that the level of testosterone was higher in males
      occupying the leading position in a separate subgroup. A high level of sexual
      hormone was observed in animals with greater muscular mass and age. No
      correlation between hierarchical status and luteinizing hormone blood content has
      been observed in baboon males.

PMID- 4063493
TI  - [Effect of changes in blood glucose concentration on the standing potential of
      the rabbit eye].
AB  - The paper deals with the study of the influence of changes of glucose blood
      concentration in rabbits on the standing potential of the eye, which reflects the
      functioning of the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. Recordings of
      the electrooculogram (EOG), determination of glucose blood level and
      ophthalmoscopic and histological examinations of the eye were performed in 48
      rabbits. Short-term increase of glucose concentration was accompanied by the
      increase in the standing potential and Arden EOG ratio, with hypoglycemia evoking
      the opposite effect. A long-term (4 month) hyperglycemia was accompanied by the
      reversible decrease of both parameters studied. No ophthalmoscopic and
      histological changes were observed.

PMID- 4063494
TI  - [Distribution of specific signals of different modality in the associative
      parietal area of the cat cortex].
AB  - In cats under nembutal anesthesia eliciting specific early components of
      association responses, the drug parietal distribution upon forepaw and thalamic
      stimulation was studied: relay somatic-ventrobasal complex (VB) and association
      nuclei, transmitting specific visual impulses in pulvinar (Pul) and lateral
      posterior (LP) areas. Signals of maximum intensity were observed in response to
      peripheral and central stimulation near somatic area and in response to Pul and
      LP stimulation in the medial part of parietal cortex. Besides, a general
      principle revealing more intensive signals of different modality in the areas
      near lateral sulcus than in other parietal areas was established. The difference
      in processing of specific polysensory signals in various parietal areas and
      consequently, different involvement of the latter into the systemic action of the
      brain was proved, this being related to the character of topical organization of
      these signals.

PMID- 4063495
TI  - [State of the antioxidant system during induction in rats of primary generalized
      epileptic activity].
AB  - Antioxidation system in the brain and blood of rats with generalized bemegride
      induced epileptic activity was studied. Antioxidation enzyme activity (superoxide
      dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) and alpha-tocopherol
      content were determined at an early convulsive stage, immediately after
      generalized seizures and 10-15 min after seizure. Antioxidation enzyme activity
      and alpha-tocopherol level in the brain homogenate and blood remained unchanged
      at any stages of investigation. It is suggested that the increased level of lipid
      peroxidation products in the brain and blood of rats upon the development of
      bemegride-induced epileptic activity is not related to the decrease in
      antioxidation system activity. The effect is mediated by the activation of the
      reaction initiating free radical brain lipid transformations.

PMID- 4063496
TI  - [Use of succinate dehydrogenase activity of lymphocytes to predict the course of
      the post-resuscitation period].
AB  - The enzyme status of lymphocytes was studied in experiments on white male rats
      revived after a 4-min clinical death due to acute blood loss. It is established
      that the initial status of lymphocyte succinate dehydrogenase is essential for
      predicting cytochemical pattern and peculiarities of postresuscitation period.

PMID- 4063497
TI  - [In vivo study of the effect of microvessel geometry on hematocrit distribution
      in bifurcations].

PMID- 4063498
TI  - [Enzyme activity and content of glycerophosphate shuttle metabolites in the
      cortex and medulla oblongata during hyperbaric oxygenation therapy of acute
      hemorrhage].
AB  - The experiments on cats have demonstrated that hyperbaric oxygenation (303.9 kPa,
      60 min) in acute blood loss (24.0 +/- 0.8 ml/kg) has an essential effect on
      glycerophosphate shuttle mechanism: it stimulates mitochondrial glycerol-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase in the sensorimotor cortex and medulla oblongata,
      providing glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenation, activates cytoplasm hydrogen
      delivery to mitochondrial respiratory chain, prevents glycerol-3-phosphate and
      NADH level increase and cytoplasm glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibition,
      limiting lactate production.

PMID- 4063499
TI  - [Role of phospholipids in changes in lysosomal membrane stability in conditions
      of chronic alcoholic intoxication].
AB  - Pronounced destabilization of liver lysosomal membranes has been revealed in rats
      in conditions of 30-day-long alcohol intoxication. Noticeable fractional changes
      in phospholipid composition of lysosomal membranes have been found. Significant
      increase in lysophosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylcholine levels have
      been observed. Type A2 phospholipase activity was found in lysosomal fractions,
      with the enzyme activity Ca2+-dependent, optimal at pH 8 and increasing many-fold
      following alcohol intoxication. The changes in lysosomal membrane phospholipids
      appear to be related to phospholipase A2 activation.

PMID- 4063501
TI  - [Comparison of the accuracy of DNA copying in the course of semiconservative and
      repair synthesis using an analysis of the distribution of radioactive
      precursors].
AB  - The analysis of 3H-thymidine incorporation into liver and heart DNA has shown the
      possible errors occurring during repair synthesis in pyrimidine oligonucleotides.

PMID- 4063500
TI  - [Recovery after prolonged muscular work].
AB  - Increased protein, tyrosine and 3-methylhistidine content has been observed in
      the skeletal muscles of rats 2-24 h after a 10-hour swimming period. This was
      accompanied by a significant rise in 3-methylhistidine excretion during the
      second day of the recovery period. Such combination of alterations suggests
      simultaneous augmentation of both protein synthesis and decomposition in the
      muscles after active work. The start of the alterations coincides with post
      exercise increase of blood corticosterone level (2-6 h after work) and with the
      achievement of glycogen supercompensation in the liver and muscles.

PMID- 4063502
TI  - [Relation of Ca2+ efflux from the heart to the concentration of Ca-channel
      blockers].
AB  - Dependence of calcium ion efflux from the heart ventricles on the concentration
      of verapamil, fenigidine and nicardipine was studied in frogs, using Ca-sensitive
      electrodes. The effect of sodium and potassium ions was also investigated. It was
      established that dependence of calcium ion efflux (delta Ca2+) on the
      concentration of Ca-antagonists (B) may be expressed by the following formula:
      (Formula: see text). With cellular membrane depolarization 50 mM KCl, none of the
      blockers (10(-5) M) caused Ca2+ efflux from ventricular cells. Analogous
      phenomenon was noted in low-sodium solution (60 mM).

PMID- 4063503
TI  - [Electrogenic transport of bicarbonate ions through the internal mitochondrial
      membrane induced by cytoplasmic glycopeptide].
AB  - Cytoplasmatic glycopeptide-induced bicarbonate ion electrogenic transport through
      mitochondrial membrane has been studied. Glycopeptide, described earlier as a
      factor increasing inner mitochondrial membrane permeability for phosphate ions,
      has been also shown to induce bicarbonate ion electrogenic transport through
      inner mitochondrial membrane. HCO3- ion transport, induced by cytoplasm
      glycopeptide is realized by pH-dependent pore. The interrelation of cytoplasm
      glycopeptide with mitochondria is regulated by mitochondrial energization.

PMID- 4063504
TI  - [Membrane-bound Ca2+ in the mitochondria of Ehrlich ascitic tumor cells].
AB  - Ca2+ transport in mitochondria of Ehrlich ascite tumour cells and in liver
      mitochondria has been compared. It has been shown that in tumour cell
      mitochondria unlike liver ones even small amounts of Ca2+ caused marked increase
      in membrane-bound Ca2+ level. Therefore, a decrease in the electro-neutral Ca2+
      efflux, stabilization of mitochondria membranes and inhibition of phosphorylated
      respiration were observed. It has been proposed that high content of membrane
      bound Ca2+ is predetermined by a higher affinity of membrane phospholipids to
      Ca2+.

PMID- 4063505
TI  - [Mechanical noise of the myocardium as an index of sarcoplasmic reticulum
      activity].
AB  - The effects of caffeine (0.5-12 mM) and cooling on the mechanical noise (MN) and
      relaxation rate of contractile response (RR) were studied in experiments on rat
      papillary muscles. Mean frequency of MN and RR were found to have similar
      temperature dependences from 12 to 32 degrees C. MN amplitude was more sensitive
      to the action of sarcoplasmic reticulum activity blocker, caffeine, than RR one.
      MN as an index of sarcoplasmic reticulum activity made it possible to demonstrate
      a competition between caffeine and local anaesthetics described earlier for
      skeletal muscles.

PMID- 4063506
TI  - [Effect of piracetam derivatives on antibody formation].
AB  - Immunomodulatory effects of piracetam and a number of its derivatives were
      studied in mice. It was shown that multiple injections of such substances at a
      dose of 50-200 mg/kg change the amount of antibody-forming cells in the spleen of
      animals immunized with sheep red blood cells. The dose of 200 mg/kg was the most
      effective one, with the direction of immunomodulatory activity depending on the
      chemical composition of the compounds. Thus joining of phenol radical to
      piracetam molecule strengthened immunosuppression, and vice versa insertion of
      hydrazide group led to stimulation of antibody formation. It is stressed that
      immunosuppressive effect of piracetam must be taken into consideration during the
      clinical use of the drug.

PMID- 4063507
TI  - [Development of a high fibrinolytic potential around a thrombus using leukocyte
      Fc receptors loaded with streptase].
AB  - An effective way of inducing high fibrinolytic potential in the thrombus area by
      streptase-containing leucocytes has been suggested. Leucocytes were incubated
      with streptase and then placed in the solution containing a fibrin clot, the
      latter pre-treated with anti-fibrin serum. In these conditions the rate of
      fibrinolysis increased drastically. The authors believe that fibrinolysis is
      initiated by the interaction of activated leucocytes via Fc-receptors with fibrin
      and the release of endo- and exogenic fibrinolytic proteases.

PMID- 4063508
TI  - [Effect of immunostimulants on kidney tubule secretion of xenobiotics].
AB  - Excretion of cardiotrast (diotrast) was used to study tubular secretion of
      organic compounds in rats. Immunostimulants prodigiosin (0.05 mg/kg) and
      levamisole (10 mg/kg) injected subcutaneously three times every other day
      increased cardiotrast excretion. High levamisole dose (50 mg/kg), having no
      stimulating effect on the immunity, failed also to influence tubular cardiotrast
      transport. Possible mechanisms of immunostimulants' action on the tubular
      secretion of xenobiotics is discussed.

PMID- 4063509
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of phosphocreatine in the blood serum of man, dogs and
      rabbits].
AB  - It is shown that a single intravenous injection of phosphocreatine to man or to
      experimental animals is followed by its rapid clearance from blood serum. This
      clearance is biphasic in nature with a half-life of 3-5 min at the first rapid
      stage and of 20-33 min at the next slower stage. To maintain the constant
      phosphocreatine concentration in blood, it is necessary to infuse it at a rate
      comparable to that of clearance. In particular, in blood serum of man, the
      phosphocreatine concentration can be kept at the level of 0.2 mM if it is
      injected at a rate of 60 mg/h per kg bw.

PMID- 4063510
TI  - [Functional state of the thyroid gland during systemic graft vs host reaction].
AB  - Triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) serum
      content was measured in mice during systemic "graft-versus-host" reaction (GVHR),
      using radioimmunoassay. It was demonstrated that on the 3rd day after GVHR
      induction the levels of these hormones did not differ from the control values. T3
      and T4 concentrations and 125I absorption by thyroid gland diminished by day 10.
      At the same time TSH level remained unchanged. On day 24 after GVHR induction T3
      and T4 content was significantly reduced, although TSH concentration exceeded the
      control value. 125I absorption was enhanced as compared to the value observed on
      day 10. The data obtained show the vigorous inhibition of thyroid gland function
      during systemic GVHR.

PMID- 4063511
TI  - [Relation of the immunogenicity of artificial antigens to the number of
      polyelectrolyte-bound protein molecules].
AB  - Complexes and covalent conjugates of protein antigens with polyelectrolytes of
      different molecular mass have been synthesised. The structure and composition of
      the resulting water-soluble complex particles were determined. Artificial antigen
      immunogenicity was shown to depend on the amount of protein molecules complexed
      with polyelectrolytes. Direct correlation between immunostimulating activity of
      the polymer-carrier, immunogenicity of complex antigens and size-dependent
      capacity of the polymer molecule to aggregate protein globules has been
      established.

PMID- 4063512
TI  - [Interrelation of prolactin and calcitonin].
AB  - Intraperitoneal prolactin injection (3.5 U/200 g bw, daily, for 5 days) caused a
      marked rise in blood calcitonin concentration in female Wistar rats. It is common
      knowledge that exogenous calcitonin administration results in an obvious drop of
      blood prolactin level. Hence, the interrelation between anterior pituitary
      lactotropic function and blood calcitonin level may be regarded as a negative
      feedback, since prolactin activates calcitonin production and secretion, with the
      latter, in its turn, inhibiting adenohypophysial lactotropic function.

PMID- 4063513
TI  - [Change n the ploidy classes of left ventricular myocytes in rats after ligation
      of the left coronary artery].
AB  - Heterogeneous response of cardiomyocytes in left atria of rats to ligation of the
      left coronary artery was observed. Ploidy may greatly increase reaching 32 c per
      cell. More than 90% of myocytes are normally mononuclear diploid cells, while
      after the ligation the number of such cells diminishes to 10%. The majority of
      cells become polyploid: above 50% of cells are 2 X 2 c ploid, about 30% of cells
      are 4 X 2 c ploid and a great number of cells are highly ploid.

PMID- 4063514
TI  - [Morphological bases of liver insufficiency in the early stages of the prolonged
      crush syndrome].
AB  - Light and electron microscopies were employed to examine liver of 45 rats and 20
      dogs under 6- and 9-hour compression of soft tissues of the thigh and 2 to 7
      hours after pressure was taken off. Morphology of liver microcirculatory
      disorders is presented, the incremental derangement of the cells of the
      reticuloendothelial system (RES) with the appearance of the signs of its function
      depletion after decompression is described. Alterations in the liver RES
      correlated with destructive changes in hepatocytes and their necrosis. The
      morphological alterations in the liver RES in the crush syndrome reflect the
      impairment of its barrier function. They may play a role in the impairment of
      liver regeneration processes and immunological homeostasis of the host.

PMID- 4063515
TI  - [The phenomenon of hyperproduction and in vivo shedding of excess epithelial
      layers of intestinal villi].
AB  - The native mucosa of enterobioptates of different animal species and men was
      examined with the use of binocular magnifier in combination with microscopic
      studies of serial sections of some intestinal villi isolated from mucous
      membrane. Areas with masses of fully or partially rejected excessive epithelial
      structures (long folds, plates, tubules) were revealed. The phenomenon under
      study is one of the sources of the epithelium in the mucous layer on the luminal
      surface of the small intestine.

PMID- 4063516
TI  - [Autoradiographic study of DNA synthesis in epithelial cells of albino rat kidney
      tubules as affected by corrosive sublimate nephrosis].
AB  - The analysis of 3H-thymidine radioautographs of semithin (0.5 micron)
      methacrylate sections of white rat kidney has shown that 72 h after corrosive
      sublimate injection in a dose of 0.5 mg/100 g bw, pronounced heterogeneity of
      impulse thymidine mark distribution stipulated by asynchronous DNA replication in
      damaged nephrocytes was noted. Thymidine mark is to be observed in some heavily
      damaged nephrocytes, retaining around the nucleus a negligible amount of
      cytoplasm. Thymidine mark concentration in the peripheral zone of nuclei typical
      only of nephrocytes with increased cytoplasm amount testifies to the fact that
      during S-period repairing processes take place in the damaged nephrocytes,
      leading to normalization of nuclear-cytoplasmic shifts.

PMID- 4063517
TI  - [Bioluminescent method of determining antiprotease activity].
AB  - A method for antiprotease activity measurement based on the use of luminous
      bacteria luciferase as protein substrate of proteases is suggested. Antiprotease
      is incubated with protease for 1 to 2 min at 30 degrees C and then it is added to
      the reaction mixture containing luciferase, NADH: FMN-oxidoreductase and their
      substrates--myristic aldehyde, FMN and NADH. Biofluorescence is measured in a
      temperature-controlled cuvette for 1 min. The total time of the measurement is 3
      min. The method can be applied both in fine biochemical assays and in medical
      rapid diagnosis.

PMID- 4063518
TI  - Hepatitis B virus DNA is enriched in polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - DNA hybridization and cell separation techniques were used to determine which
      blood components contained hepatitis B viral DNA sequences. Free monomer-length
      hepatitis B virus was found in large amounts in the polymorphonuclear leukocyte
      cell fraction in two of five HBsAG-positive patients. In these two patients,
      viral DNA sequences were not detected in the plasma or platelet fraction, whereas
      the mononuclear cell DNA contained small amounts of a 7.2 kb size unintegrated
      hepatitis B genome. These studies indicate that the major reservoir of unit
      length viral DNA in the asymptomatic hepatitis B carriers studied here was in the
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte fraction. The basis for the presence of the viral DNA
      within these cells is presently unknown, but may relate to viral replication
      within, or phagocytosis of virus by, these cells.

PMID- 4063519
TI  - Platelet binding properties of monoclonal lupus autoantibodies produced by human
      hybridomas.
AB  - The platelet binding properties of human monoclonal lupus autoantibodies have
      been studied. These IgM autoantibodies, produced by human X human hybridomas
      derived from lymphocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, are known
      to bind to single-stranded DNA. Four anti-DNA antibodies that express the
      dominant 16/6 idiotype--HF2-1/17, HF2-18/2, HF2-1/13b, and HF3-16/6--bound to
      glutaraldehyde-fixed platelets. In contrast, HF6-21/28, HF9-11/3, and polyclonal
      IgM bound poorly to platelets. [35S]Methionine was incorporated into HF2-1/17,
      and the interaction of the intrinsically radiolabeled HF2-1/17 with fixed
      platelets was evaluated in a solution phase radioimmunoassay. [35S]Methionine HF2
      1/17 bound to fixed platelets and could be displaced by equivalent amounts of HF2
      1/17, HF2-18/2, HF2-1/13b, and HF3-16/6. HF2-1/17 bound with greater affinity to
      fresh platelets and to thrombin-activated platelets than to glutaraldehyde-fixed
      platelets. Single-stranded DNA competed with platelets for the HF2-1/17 combining
      site. Treatment of fresh platelets with nuclease I, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and
      neuraminidase did not alter the binding of antibody to the platelet surface. No
      binding of antibody to phospholipid micelles was observed. Purified IgM
      autoantibodies did not inhibit platelet aggregation induced with ADP, thrombin,
      or ristocetin in platelet-rich plasma. These results indicate that the human IgM
      monoclonal anti-DNA autoantibodies that express the dominant 16/6 idiotype are
      polyspecific, bind to platelets, and interact with a platelet epitope that does
      not appear to involve DNA, protein, or sialic acid. These antibodies interact
      with platelets through the same sites responsible for antibody-DNA binding.

PMID- 4063520
TI  - Erythrocyte vitamin E is oxidized at a lower peroxide concentration in neonates
      than in adults.
AB  - Erythrocytes of neonates and adults were incubated with increasing concentrations
      of H2O2 in the presence of a catalase inhibitor and in the absence of glucose;
      the pattern of oxidation of vitamin E was analyzed in relationship to that of
      glutathione, hemoglobin, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and in
      relationship to hemolysis. The changes of these various parameters were analyzed
      in function of H2O2 concentration and in relation to incubation time, and were
      compared in erythrocytes from neonates and adults. In the absence of H2O2,
      erythrocyte glutathione and tocopherol levels were similar in neonates and
      adults, despite fourfold lower serum vitamin E level in neonates; alpha
      tocopherolquinone, methemoglobin, and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) were not
      detectable. At 0.375 mmol/L of H2O2, glutathione was completely oxidized.
      Erythrocyte alpha-tocopherol remained unchanged up to 0.75 mmol/L of H2O2, then
      decreased linearly, with increasing H2O2 concentrations to 10% of its initial
      value at 1.5 mmol/L of H2O2 in erythrocytes from neonates, whereas those from
      adults required 2.0 mmol/L of H2O2 (P less than .05) for the same level of
      oxidation. The formation of alpha-tocopherolquinone appeared inversely related to
      the decrease of alpha-tocopherol. The incubation time did not influence the level
      of vitamin E oxidation. MDA was generated autocatalytically and resulted in
      hemolysis at 1.5 mmol/L of H2O2 in erythrocytes from neonates and at 3.5 mmol/L
      of H2O2 in erythrocytes from adults (P less than .001). After four hours of
      incubation, MDA reached a plateau at a greater level (365 +/- 46 nmol/L) in cells
      of neonates than in those of adults (208 +/- 37 nmol/L/mL) (P less than .001).
      Hemoglobin was oxidized in the same pattern in erythrocytes of neonates and
      adults, and 90% of it was oxidized at 0.625 mmol/L of H2O2. In conclusion, in the
      experimental conditions used, oxidation of glutathione precedes that of vitamin
      E, and tocopherol is the last antioxidant to be consumed before the autocatalytic
      generation of MDA. Differences in the pattern of vitamin E oxidation, MDA
      generation, and hemolysis in erythrocytes from neonates and adults may be due to
      a lower erythrocyte vitamin E-PUFA ratio in neonates.

PMID- 4063521
TI  - Hereditary factor VII deficiency: heterogeneity defined by combined functional
      and immunochemical analysis.
AB  - Twenty-six patients with hereditary factor VII deficiency (VII:C less than 10%)
      were evaluated using a panel of three thromboplastins of varying species and
      tissue origin in both coagulant and chromogenic assay systems. Normal values for
      the coagulation and chromogenic assays were 104% +/- 7% and 108% +/- 21%,
      respectively. Factor VII antigen was measured by a specific radioimmunoassay
      (normal, 470 +/- 112 ng/mL). The patients were divided into two groups based on
      the factor VII:Ag assay results. Group 1, 18 patients, had decreased levels of
      factor VII:Ag and group 2, eight patients, had normal levels of factor VII:Ag.
      The two groups were further subdivided on the basis of discrepant factor VII:C
      levels in the chromogenic and coagulant assays. The number of observed patterns
      of functional factor VII:C activity suggests a high degree of complexity of
      factor VII and thromboplastin interaction. Whereas no clinical bleeding was
      reported in any of the nine black patients evaluated, all Caucasians (16) and one
      Hispanic presented with mild to severe bleeding. Patients with factor VII:C
      greater than 10% using a human thromboplastin had a negative bleeding history,
      regardless of the activity measured with other thromboplastins. Factor VII
      activity measured with a human thromboplastin appears to correlate best with the
      clinical picture.

PMID- 4063522
TI  - Hereditary methemoglobinemia due to cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency in blood
      cells without associated neurologic and mental disorders.
AB  - Following the observation of two fraternal patients without neurologic symptoms,
      but with hereditary methemoglobinemia due to cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency
      in erythrocytic and nonerythrocytic cells, a familial study of their paternal and
      maternal relatives was undertaken. Ferrihemoglobin reductase activities in
      erythrocytes from the two patients were found to be impaired, and cytochrome b5
      reductase activities in platelets and leukocytes were essentially absent. Any
      deficiencies of the enzyme activities seemed not to be found in nonhematopoietic
      cells. The enzyme activities in blood cells derived from the parents and some of
      their paternal and maternal family members showed levels intermediate between
      those of the patients and those of the normal control, which seemed to be
      heterozygous. The present cases did not belong to either the classic erythrocytic
      or the generalized type, and their enzyme deficiency was found rather to be
      restricted to their blood cells and not associated with neurologic and mental
      disorders. A necessity of diagnosis by tissues other than blood cells is
      discussed for a severe form of generalized-type hereditary methemoglobinemia with
      associated neurologic and mental disorders.

PMID- 4063523
TI  - Proteolytic inactivation of blood coagulation factor IX by thrombin.
AB  - Coagulation factor IX is a vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein that circulates in
      blood as a precursor of a serine protease. Incubation of human factor IX with
      human alpha-thrombin resulted in a time and enzyme concentration-dependent
      cleavage of factor IX yielding a molecule composed of a heavy chain (mol wt
      50,000) and a doublet light chain (mol wt 10,000). The proteolysis of factor IX
      by thrombin was significantly inhibited by physiological levels of calcium ions.
      Under nondenaturing conditions, the heavy and light chains of thrombin-cleaved
      factor IX remained strongly associated, but these chains were readily separated
      by gel filtration in the presence of denaturants. Amino-terminal sequence
      analyses of the isolated heavy and light chains of thrombin-cleaved human factor
      IX indicated that thrombin cleaved peptide bonds at Arg327-Val328 and Arg338
      Ser339 in this molecule. Comparable cleavages were observed in bovine factor IX
      by bovine thrombin and occurred at Arg319-Ser320 and Arg339-Ser340. Essentially,
      a complete loss of factor IX procoagulant activity was associated with its
      cleavage by thrombin. Furthermore, thrombin-cleaved factor IX neither developed
      coagulant activity after treatment with factor XIa nor inhibited the coagulant
      activity of native factor IX. These data indicate that thrombin cleaves factor IX
      near its active site serine residue, rendering it incapable of activating factor
      X. Whether or not this reaction occurs in vivo is unknown.

PMID- 4063524
TI  - Long-term follow-up of hemophiliacs with lymphocytopenia or thrombocytopenia.
AB  - Immunologic abnormalities resembling those seen in patients with the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are frequently observed in multitransfused but
      otherwise healthy individuals with hemophilia. To determine whether there was
      clinical or laboratory evidence to suggest an abnormality of immunoregulation in
      persons with hemophilia before the recognition of AIDS, we examined data
      collected by the Hemophilia Study Group from 1975 to 1979 on 1,551 patients with
      factor VIII deficiency. The prevalence of lymphocytopenia and thrombocytopenia in
      patients over 5 years of age on entry was found to be 9.3% (94/1,013) and 5.0%
      (26/518), respectively. These rates were significantly different from a normal
      population (P less than .00001 and less than .0003). No cases meeting the
      definition of AIDS were noted during the study. However, on follow-up in 1984 of
      a cohort of 79 patients with thrombocytopenia or lymphocytopenia on two or more
      occasions during the study, eight patients (10%) with AIDS-related abnormalities,
      including idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,
      generalized lymphadenopathy, and oral moniliasis without obvious cause were
      identified. Of the 79 patients, liver disease accounted for five of the ten
      deaths (12.6% mortality) observed during a minimum follow-up of five years after
      detection of cytopenia. Only one death was attributed to bleeding in the absence
      of liver disease. We conclude that (a) the frequency of lymphocytopenia and
      thrombocytopenia was increased in multitransfused factor VIII-deficient
      hemophiliacs before the advent of AIDS, and (b) persistent lymphocytopenia and
      thrombocytopenia appear to be strongly associated with liver disease, which was
      the leading cause of death in a cohort of hemophiliacs followed five or more
      years.

PMID- 4063526
TI  - Microtubule organization of unstimulated and stimulated adherent human
      neutrophils in Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
AB  - The numbers and length of centriole-associated microtubules of two patients with
      Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) were examined. Detergent-extracted whole-mount
      preparations of adherent cells were studied by stereo high-voltage electron
      microscopy. Under conditions of random migration, neutrophils from both patients
      had a microtubule organization similar to that of the control; microtubule
      numbers (28 +/- 3) and length (7.0 +/- 2.8 micron) were within normal range. When
      cells were treated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), differences in the
      response of the two patients were noted. Neutrophils from patient No. 2 and the
      control showed a significant rise in numbers (38 +/- 5) and length (9.5 +/- 3.6
      micron) of microtubules. In contrast, neutrophils from patient No. 1 were
      unresponsive to PMA treatment. Because vitamin C is used therapeutically in CHS
      patients and has been shown to correct microtubule-related cell function,
      neutrophils were exposed to ascorbic acid. A significant increase in microtubule
      numbers (35 +/- 6) was observed in cells from the control and patient No. 2 after
      ascorbate treatment; neutrophils from patient No. 1 showed no increase in
      microtubule numbers. While ascorbic acid did not affect microtubule length in the
      control cells, it caused a significant increase in microtubule length in
      neutrophils from both patients. Results suggest that adherent CHS neutrophils
      contain centriole-associated microtubules which are normal in number and length.
      However, differences between patients are observed regarding neutrophil
      responsiveness to stimuli which induce microtubule polymerization.

PMID- 4063525
TI  - Rearrangements of chromosome 3 involving bands 3q21 and 3q26 are associated with
      normal or elevated platelet counts in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Fourteen patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) or dysmyelopoietic
      syndromes were found to have abnormalities involving the long arm of chromosome
      3. In eight patients, the structural rearrangements involved both bands 3q21 and
      3q26 and included t(3;3) (four patients), inv(3) (three patients), and ins(5;3)
      (one patient). Before treatment, seven of these eight patients had platelet
      counts above 100,000 per microliter, five had normal or elevated platelet counts,
      and four had significantly elevated platelet counts (600,000 to 1,731,000 per
      microliter). In each of the eight cases, normal or elevated platelet counts were
      associated with marked abnormalities of megakaryocytopoiesis, including increased
      numbers of megakaryocytes and numerous micromegakaryocytes. Classification within
      the French-American-British system was difficult in most of these cases; however,
      the leukemia in five of the eight patients with abnormalities of chromosome 3
      that involved both bands 3q21 and 3q26 was classified as M4. The remaining six of
      the 14 patients had translocations between chromosome 3 and another chromosome.
      None involved both bands 3q21 and 3q26, and a break in either q21 or q26 was
      noted in only two patients. One of the six, who had ANLL (M4) with a normal
      platelet count, had a 3;5 translocation which involved band 3q25. These data
      suggest that in patients with ANLL, abnormalities of chromosome 3 which
      simultaneously involve bands 3q21 and 3q26 are associated with unusually high
      platelet counts.

PMID- 4063527
TI  - t(1;3)(p36;q21) in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: a new cytogenetic
      clinicopathologic association.
AB  - A number of specific chromosomal abnormalities have been associated with
      distinctive clinical and/or morphological subtypes of acute nonlymphocytic
      leukemia (ANLL) in recent years. We have studied three patients with ANLL and
      t(1;3)(p36;q21). Each had weakness as their major complaint, a moderately severe
      anemia and, for ANLL, a relatively high platelet count. All three demonstrated
      abnormalities of the megakaryocytic, erythroid and granulocytic lineages. Most
      striking was the dysmegakaryocytopoiesis. The blasts in all three patients showed
      relatively few azurophilic granules, one to four prominent nucleoli, and rare
      peroxidase positivity. No patient had Auer rods. No patient responded to standard
      chemotherapy regimens. The data suggest that t(1;3)(p36;q21) identifies a new
      cytogenetic-clinicopathologic subtype of ANLL.

PMID- 4063528
TI  - There are differences in cytogenetic abnormalities among histologic subtypes of
      the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
AB  - Although many recurring chromosome abnormalities have been found in malignant
      lymphoma (ML) in recent years, their relationship to histology remains largely
      undefined. We have correlated, in the same tumor mass, chromosome findings with
      histology, defined by the International Working Formulation for Clinical Usage,
      in 120 patients. We find differences among histologies in the frequency of normal
      metaphases and the modal number of the predominant abnormal clone. In addition,
      most histologies have been significantly (P less than .01) associated with
      specific chromosome abnormalities. In particular, ML, follicular, predominantly
      small cleaved cell was associated with t(14;18)(q32;q21); ML, follicular, mixed
      small cleaved cell and large cell with t(14;18)(q32;q21) and trisomy 8; ML,
      follicular, predominantly large cell with trisomy 7 and breaks in 17q21-q25; ML,
      diffuse, mixed small cell and large cell with breaks in 11p; ML, diffuse, large
      cell with trisomy 21 and breaks in 2q and 9q; ML, large cell, immunoblastic with
      breaks at 6q21; and ML, small noncleaved cell with t(8;14)(q24;q32). Only the
      associations with t(14;18) and t(8;14) have been previously reported. The
      associated chromosome abnormality usually occurred in 30% to 70% of a given
      histology, raising the possibility that cytogenetics may add important prognostic
      information in lymphoma as it does in the acute leukemias.

PMID- 4063529
TI  - Quantitation of apo-, mono-, and diferric transferrin by polyacrylamide gradient
      gel electrophoresis in patients with disorders of iron metabolism.
AB  - We have developed a polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoretic method to
      quantitate apo-, mono-, and diferric transferrin based upon differences in their
      molecular size. Purified transferrin saturated to different extents (3% to 98%)
      with iron showed proportions of the three forms as predicted from an
      approximately random distribution of iron between the two metal-binding sites.
      The iron distributions in sera of 14 normal individuals similarly correlated with
      the predicted values. In contrast, 22 of 43 patients with diseases associated
      with abnormalities in iron or transferrin metabolism had a disproportionate
      increase in monoferric transferrin. This abnormality occurred in seven of nine
      patients who had received bone marrow transplants, seven of 14 with chronic liver
      disease, and eight of nine menstruating women with probable iron deficiency
      anemia. Interestingly, 11 patients with malabsorption or chronic renal disease
      had normal iron distributions. The finding of abnormal distributions of iron on
      transferrin suggests that gradient gel analysis may be a useful tool for studying
      the physiologic mechanisms controlling iron utilization.

PMID- 4063530
TI  - Normal cycling patterns of hematopoietic stem cell subpopulations: an assay using
      long-term in vivo BrdU infusion.
AB  - It was found in a long-term bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) infusion study that two or
      more different subpopulations of bone marrow stem cells exist in mice. One of
      these subpopulations appears to be noncycling and forms approximately 10% of
      eight-day CFU-S. Another one, a subpopulation of slowly cycling bone marrow
      cells, is represented as 14-day CFU-S. The 14-day CFU-S have a regular increment
      in the percentage of the subpopulation entering the cycle over time, with a cell
      generation half-time of 21 days. The cycling status in these experiments was
      ascertained by in vivo continuous long-term BrdU infusion. An improved method is
      presented for long-term BrdU infusion with UV killing of cycled cells.

PMID- 4063531
TI  - The -158 site 5' to the G gamma gene and G gamma expression.
AB  - To test the hypothesis advanced by Gilman and Huisman that the -158 site 5' to
      the G gamma gene determines the G gamma expression after the first 4 months of
      life, we have examined DNA from sickle cell anemia (SS) patients from Africa and
      beta-thalassemic homozygotes from Algeria. We find that the Xmnl site is strongly
      linked to the Senegal haplotype among SS patients, to haplotype IX (most probably
      identical to the Senegal haplotype), and to haplotype III among the Algerian
      thalassemics. Thalassemics with haplotypes I/I and V/V have no Xmnl site and low
      G gamma expression. In contrast, beta-thalassemia-associated haplotype II (also
      characterized by high G gamma expression) fails to exhibit the Xmnl site. We
      conclude that, although highly correlated, the -158 C----T substitution does not
      perfectly predict the presence of high G gamma expression. These findings also
      exclude the possibility that the Xmnl site is solely involved in the
      determination of high G gamma expression and suggest that either several
      different site substitutions in the area 5' to the gamma gene might have the same
      effect or that, alternatively, the Xmnl site and its surrounding area is not
      involved in G gamma expression and may be only in linkage disequilibrium with a
      controlling sequence elsewhere.

PMID- 4063532
TI  - The degradation of platelet-activating factor in the plasma of a patient with
      familial high density lipoprotein deficiency (Tangier disease).
AB  - Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) (1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl sn-glycerol 3
      phosphocholine) has been characterized by its ability to aggregate platelets at
      low concentrations and its profound hypotensive effects. There is evidence that
      the rate of catabolism of this compound in the plasma regulates its
      concentration. In humans, we and others have shown that a PAF acetylhydrolase is
      associated with low density lipoprotein (LDL). The LDL particle in the plasma of
      patients with Tangier disease is quite different from normal as its lipid core
      appears to be enriched with triacylglycerol. Thus, we have studied the potential
      of this abnormal lipoprotein to degrade PAF. The assay for PAF acetylhydrolase
      was based on the release of 3H from PAF that was labelled in the acetate moiety
      of the sn-2 position. Tangier disease plasma had approximately 3.3-fold higher
      PAF acetylhydrolase activity (208 +/- 9 nmol/min/mL) than controls (63 +/- 18
      nmol/min/mL). This increase was brought about by an increase in the Vmax (400 +/-
      40, Tangier disease; 54 +/- 5, controls) and Km for PAF (120 +/- 20 mumol/L,
      Tangier disease; 28 +/- 4 mumol/L, controls). The activity appears to be a
      specific acetylhydrolase rather than a phospholipase A2 as preincubation of the
      substrate with 0 to 100 mumol/L phosphatidylcholine did not affect the amount of
      [3H] acetate released. The role of PAF, and its degradation by LDL-bound PAF
      acetylhydrolase in the phenotypic expression of this patient with Tangier
      disease, is not known. However, this is the first patient so far described who
      has an increased ability to degrade PAF in the plasma.

PMID- 4063533
TI  - Kinetic modeling of blood platelet shape changes.

PMID- 4063534
TI  - Mobilization of extracellularly bound Ca2+ during high K+ and norepinephrine
      stimulation of the rabbit aorta.
AB  - The effects of alpha-adrenergic stimulation and high K+-induced membrane
      depolarization on 45Ca2+ uptake and tension generation in the rabbit aorta were
      investigated. Tension and unidirectional 45Ca2+ uptake were increased by both
      stimulants. Moreover, this 'steady-state' uptake remained elevated for as long as
      the stimulants were present. When tissues were preincubated in 45Ca2+-containing
      PSS prior to the Ne or high K+ challenge the resulting Ca2+ uptake showed an
      'initial burst' of uptake which was not observed in the 'steady-state'
      experiments. The magnitude of the 'initial burst' increased with time displaying
      a t1/2 for exchange of 1.25 min for both high K+ and Ne, suggesting that this
      Ca2+ source is shared by both stimulants. The 'initial burst' became Ca2+
      saturated when [Ca2+]o was between 0.5 and 1.5 mM, was enhanced by 45Ca2+
      preincubation in a solution of lowered ionic strength and was inhibited
      (approximately 70%) by D600 (5 X 10(-6) M). In contrast, the 'steady-state'
      uptake was linearly dependent on [Ca2+]o up to 6.4 mM, was 90% inhibited by 5 X
      10(-6) M D600 and was unaffected by lowered ionic strength. It is concluded that
      the properties displayed by the Ca2+ source responsible for the 'initial burst'
      and 'steady-state' uptake suggest that they are of distinct origin; the 'initial
      burst' being derived from a bound extracellular Ca2+ pool and the 'steady-state'
      uptake resulting from the uptake of free Ca2+ dissolved in the extracellular
      space.

PMID- 4063535
TI  - Effect of inhibition of neuronal uptake on the flux of extraluminal noradrenaline
      into the lumen of the rat tail artery.

PMID- 4063536
TI  - Selective supersensitivity to norepinephrine in intimal thickened rabbit aorta.

PMID- 4063537
TI  - [Sarcomatoid spindle-cell epithelioma. Anatomicoclinical study of 15 cases].
AB  - Sarcomatoid spindle cell carcinoma, which is a rather rare cancer, is of
      epithelial origin, but histologically resembles a connective spindle cell
      sarcoma. It remains subject to controversy, especially concerning the reality of
      epitheliomesenchymatous transformation of the neoplastic cells which, indeed,
      take on not only the shape but also the behaviour of connective cells. The debate
      is of both a dogmatic and practical nature, dogmatic in that it has bearing on
      the question of cellular specificity, and practical in that histological
      transmutation has repercussions on the macroscopic aspect of the tumor, its
      clinical evolution and even its behaviour vis-a-vis radiation therapy. The
      preferred, but not the only, sites of such tumors are the upper respiratory and
      digestive tracts. In many cases, they occur in subjects who many years previously
      had undergone radiological treatment, with the tumor appearing in the irradiated
      area. The problems raised by these unusual cancers explain and seem to justify
      the publication over the last few years of isolated cases or series of reports
      made in various centers. The present work concerns 15 anatomoclinical cases
      observed at the Institut Curie.

PMID- 4063538
TI  - [Aminoglutethimide-induced dyslipidemia. Experimental study].
AB  - Aminoglutethimide (AG) is a drug that inhibits steroid synthesis; it is used in
      advanced breast cancer. After the observation of abnormalities in lipid
      metabolism in patients, we realized an experimental study to try to look for a
      pathogenetic hypothesis. Three groups of rats received respectively AG,
      Hydrocortisone (HC) or both (AG + HC) and were compared to controls. Animals
      treated with AG (with or without HC) had a greater liver content of
      triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids than controls. Cholesterol plasma
      level was higher in animals treated with AG + HC. The bile flow was higher in
      rats receiving AG and AG + HC whereas biliary salt concentrations were lower.
      These variations could be the consequence of both an enzymatic induction and an
      inhibition of some cytochrome P450 dependent hydroxylases.

PMID- 4063539
TI  - [Cancer registry of Calvados, hospital registry of the Francois- Baclesse Center
      and mortality statistics: comparisons].
AB  - Incidence rates of the cancer registry of the department of Calvados were
      compared, by site and by age group, with those obtained from the cancer registry
      of the comprehensive cancer center in Caen, concerning the population of the
      department of Calvados. In males, these rates are approximately similar for head
      and neck sites; for the hospital registry they are 50% of those recorded by the
      population registry for lung cancer, and 30% for prostatic cancer. In females,
      the all-sites rates are nearly identical for the youngest age groups and 50% for
      the older. They are not significantly different for digestive cancer, and 75% for
      cervix and breast cancer. The incidence rates of both registries were compared
      with mortality rates. They indicate mortality rates which appear relatively high
      for the pancreas, and they show imprecisions for the uterus and head and neck
      (pharynx-larynx) sites.

PMID- 4063540
TI  - [French Cancer Society. National Federation of Cancer Prevention Centers.
      Cancerology forum. 10-11 June 1985. B. Abstracts of applied medical research].

PMID- 4063541
TI  - The total compliance of the respiratory system during the first year of life.
AB  - Respiratory system compliance (Crs) was measured in 34 spontaneously breathing
      infants during the first year of life. An occlusion technique was used whereby
      several expiratory occlusions were performed at different lung volumes within the
      tidal range. The airway opening pressure generated during a plateau after
      occlusion was related to the volume included above the end-tidal level by a
      regression equation. The slope of this equation represented the compliance of the
      infant's respiratory system; the intercept was significantly different for
      preterm (-0.5 ml) and post-term (-5.5 ml) infants and may represent the
      difference between end-expiratory lung volume during tidal breathing and the
      relaxed functional residual capacity. The values for respiratory system
      compliance were similar to those previously reported for infants during muscle
      relaxation. As a function of body length, Crs = 1.58 X length3.13 X 10(-4) ml .
      kPa-1. The technique described is simple to apply and is independent of
      oesophageal pressure measurements.

PMID- 4063542
TI  - Dose-response curves to inhaled carbachol in asthma and chronic bronchitis.
AB  - Dose-response curves were established in 19 asthmatic and 19 bronchitic patients
      by measuring changes in specific airway resistance (sRaw) induced by graded doses
      of aerosolized carbachol. The shape of the individual curves was classified by
      the least-square method according to four models: hyperbolic, exponential, linear
      and logarithmic (with a plateau). The dose-response curves were hyperbolic in 9
      asthmatics, exponential in 9, and linear in 1; they were hyperbolic in 2
      bronchitics, exponential in 4, linear in 5 and logarithmic in 5. No response
      could be elicited in 3 bronchitics. Carbachol responsiveness of the bronchitics
      who had baseline sRaw values in the same range as the asthmatics was much less
      than that of the asthmatics, i.e. a given dose of carbachol yielded a smaller
      sRaw increase in the former group. Increased responsiveness to carbachol,
      resembling that found in the asthmatic group, was observed in most bronchitics
      whose baseline sRaw values were elevated. These data suggest that bronchitics and
      asthmatics have different bronchial responses to carbachol, quantitatively and,
      in some instances, qualitatively.

PMID- 4063543
TI  - Pulmonary distensibility and ventilatory function in smokers.
AB  - To define the increase in pulmonary distensibility preceding the development of
      emphysema, we studied 101 cigarette-smoking volunteers, 73 males and 28 females
      between the ages of 18 yr and 60 yr (mean 42 yr), who were not disabled. A single
      exponential function fitted to deflation static pressure-volume data gave the
      exponent K, an index of distensibility. Total lung capacity (TLC) was measured
      with a body plethysmograph. Values for VC, FEV1 and mid-expiratory flow were only
      slightly less than values obtained in nonsmokers. K was increased in smokers and
      increased with age at a greater rate than in nonsmokers, but smokers were
      unevenly affected. In relation to height, TLC was increased in male smokers and
      the increase was directly related to the increase in K. The findings show that
      increased pulmonary distensibility may be identified in smokers without airway
      obstruction. Because K is directly related to the size of peripheral airspaces,
      increased pulmonary distensibility in smokers implies an increase in the size of
      airspaces caused by an action of cigarette smoke, and taking place in
      asymptomatic subjects.

PMID- 4063544
TI  - Adipose tissue and liver fatty acid synthesis following adrenalectomy in diabetic
      rats.
AB  - The effects of adrenal removal on adipose tissue and liver lipogenesis was
      examined in rats with severe alloxan diabetes of relatively long (two weeks)
      standing. In vivo studies with 3H2O showed that 24 h after adrenal removal there
      was a marked improvement of adipose tissue lipogenesis by diabetic rats. Rates of
      fatty acid synthesis were 103% higher in adrenalectomized rats than in sham
      operated controls. Incorporation of 3H from tritiated water into fatty acids by
      adipose tissue in vitro was 53% higher in adrenalectomized rats than in controls.
      Rates of liver fatty acid synthesis did not differ significantly in the two
      experimental groups. The data show that adrenal removal can produce rapid and
      marked increases in lipogenic rates even when the metabolic derangements induced
      by insulin deficiency in adipose tissue are well established.

PMID- 4063545
TI  - Ultrastructure and electrical activity of the rat neurohypophysis.
AB  - Ultrastructural and electrophysiological studies of the rat neurohypophysis was
      carried out following stimulation to cause vasopressin release. Unit activity was
      investigated with microelectrodes, filtered, integrated, and recorded
      simultaneously with blood pressure in a polygraph. The basal unit activity was
      challenged by perfusing the hypothalamus and pituitary gland with hypertonic,
      hypotonic, and isotonic solutions through the internal carotid and by bleeding.
      Posterior lobes were fixed in osmium tetroxide and stained with uranyl acetate
      for electron microscopy. Single unit activity from the neural lobe showed mostly
      a continuous pattern of activity with a rate of discharge (RD) of 7 to 30 pulses
      per 10 s during control periods. Following hypertonic stimulation, out of 20
      units studied, 35% increased, 10% decreased, and 55% did not change their RD. The
      effect of bleeding was studied in 34 units. Following the withdrawal of 1 ml of
      blood from the jugular vein, 29% increased, 32% decreased, and 38% did not change
      their RD. It is concluded that the existence in the neurohypophysis of fibers
      which are excited or inhibited by stimuli known to cause vasopressin release
      supports the hypothesis of the existence of a modulatory mechanism for
      neuropeptide release in the neural lobe.

PMID- 4063546
TI  - Study of sodium and potassium excretion after renal denervation and cholinergic
      stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic area of the rat.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to characterize the renal responses to acute unilateral
      renal denervation and chronic bilateral denervated kidneys after cholinergic
      stimulation of the anterior part of the lateral hypothalamus. Denervation was
      produced in anesthetized and conscious nondiuretic rats by application of phenol
      to the renal artery. Studies were also performed in sham denervated rats. Whole
      kidney function in anesthetized animals showed a significant increase of
      fractional sodium excretion (0.7 +/- 0.1 to 1.7 +/- 0.4%, P less than 0.01) both
      in the denervated and in the innervated kidney (0.09 +/- 0.02 to 1.1 +/- 0.2%, P
      less than 0.005) after carbachol injection into the LHA, whereas the percentage
      of filtered potassium excreted increased only in the innervated kidney (11.4 +/-
      1.3 to 16.3 +/- 1.1%, P less than 0.01). Similarly, in conscious rats, fractional
      sodium excretion increased after cholinergic stimulation in animals having
      denervated kidneys (2.1 +/- 0.1 vs 3.6 +/- 0.2%, P less than 0.005). Fractional
      potassium excretion also increased both in rats with sham-denervated and
      denervated kidney. There was an acute elevation in mean arterial blood pressure
      and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) during the first 20-min after carbachol
      injection. Sodium excretion was statistically significant during the three 20-min
      collections of the experimental period. This suggests that the natriuresis is not
      associated with increased arterial pressure, GFR or renal plasma flow. Our
      results indicate that natriuresis occurs even in the absence of the renal nerves.

PMID- 4063547
TI  - Hemodynamics and sodium balance in conscious sodium-depleted rats.
AB  - The objective of this paper was to study the hemodynamics (mean arterial
      pressure, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, stroke volume and heart
      rate) of conscious rats submitted to 6 days of sodium depletion. Sodium balance
      of sodium-depleted rats on a low-sodium diet (0.1 mEq/day) associated with
      furosemide (10 mg/kg, ip on the first and fifth day) for 6 days indicated that
      the animals were studied under a negative sodium balance on the sixth day. The
      overactivity of the renin-angiotensin system in sodium-depleted rats was
      demonstrated by the fall in mean arterial pressure (15 +/- 2 vs 0.5 +/- 1 mmHg in
      sodium-depleted and control rats, respectively), after blocking the converting
      enzyme with BPP9a (SQ 20881) and also by evaluating plasma renin activity (10 +/-
      8 vs 3.0 +/- 0.6 ng AI ml-1 h-1 in sodium-depleted and control rats,
      respectively). Thermodilution measurements showed that the cardiac output of
      sodium-depleted animals was reduced by 35% (29 +/- 2 vs 45 +/- 4 ml min-1 100 g-1
      for sodium-depleted and control rats, respectively), with partial compensation by
      a 37% increase in total peripheral resistance (3.7 +/- 0.3 vs 2.7 +/- 0.2 PRU for
      sodium-depleted and control rats, respectively), resulting in an 11% decrease in
      mean arterial pressure (104 +/- 5 vs 117 +/- 3 mmHg for sodium-depleted and
      control rats, respectively).

PMID- 4063548
TI  - Interaction of bilateral baroreceptor signals in conscious toads.
AB  - Unilateral electric stimulation of the central stump of one of the laryngeal
      nerves of conscious toads induced increases and falls in arterial blood pressure.
      The falls were more frequent when the contralateral laryngeal nerve was also
      sectioned. Simultaneous bilateral electric stimulation of the central stump of
      the laryngeal nerves induced hypotension in 45% of the animals and bradycardia in
      28.5% of them, the magnitudes of the responses being equal to the sum of the
      responses obtained by individual stimulation of each nerve. In other animals, the
      hypotensive responses (55% of cases) resulting from bilateral stimulation
      exceeded by 60% the sum of the individual responses, and bradycardia (71.5% of
      cases) did so by 116%, i.e. potentiation occurred. Potentiation of the
      hypotensive response may be accompanied by potentiation or only summation of the
      heart rate response, and vice versa, showing that the two parameters are
      individually regulated. The possible mechanisms inducing these results are
      discussed in terms of the central organization of the circuits involved and of
      the interference of factors of a sensory nature present in unanesthetized
      animals.

PMID- 4063549
TI  - Defensive behavior and hypertension induced by glutamate in the midbrain central
      gray of the rat.
AB  - In order to localize groups of neurons commanding the defense reaction,
      microinjections of L-glutamate (GLU, 5 nmol in 0.2 microliter, during 20 s) were
      made inside the dorsal midbrain of unanesthetized rats provided with an intra
      arterial cannula for blood pressure (BP) recording. In 9 rats, GLU microinjection
      induced freezing behavior or flight, accompanied by a 30.1 +/- 4.8 mmHg increase
      in BP. The latency of the GLU effect was 16 +/- 2 s and its duration 89 +/- 8 s,
      as measured from the BP recordings. In 9 other rats, GLU microinjection did not
      evoke defensive behavior and the BP increase was 6.0 +/- 0.9 mmHg, significantly
      lower (P less than 0.001) than in the former group. Control injections of
      artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) did not cause behavioral changes and
      increased BP by less than 3 mmHg. Histology revealed that in all rats in which
      GLU induced a defense reaction the injection sites were inside the dorsal
      periaqueductal gray (PAG). Sites in which GLU injection was ineffective were
      localized in the midbrain tegmentum, outside the borders of the PAG (8 rats), or
      inside the ventral PAG (1 rat). Since GLU stimulates neuron cell bodies and their
      dendritic processes but not passing axons, these results strongly suggest that
      the dorsal PAG of the rat contains a group of neurons that controls behavioral
      and autonomic manifestations of the defense reaction.

PMID- 4063550
TI  - Convergence of influences from hypothalamus and locus coeruleus upon the
      olfactory tubercle.
AB  - The interaction of locus coeruleus (LC) and lateral hypothalamus (LH) stimulation
      upon the evoked potentials and unitary activity in the olfactory tubercle (OT)
      were studied. The difference in latency of the evoked potentials in the OT by LC
      or by LH stimulation seems to indicate that thin fibers compose the LC-OT pathway
      and that thick fibers compose the LH-OT pathway. The most common pattern of OT
      neuronal discharge was in bursts. The train stimulation of the LC decreased the
      OT neuronal discharge. The LH stimulation produced an increase of the OT neuronal
      discharge. These results suggest a convergence of LH fibers and LC fibers upon
      the OT. The nature of the neurotransmitters involved in both pathways is
      suggested: norepinephrine for the LC-OT projection and dopamine for the LH-OT
      projection.

PMID- 4063551
TI  - Inhibition of the response to pain by the action of serotonin and carbachol
      topically applied to the area postrema of conscious guinea pigs.
AB  - The amplitude of vocalization and the motor defense response evoked by painful
      electrical stimulation were recorded in unanesthetized guinea pigs submitted to
      topical application of 1.0 microgram/microliter carbachol to the area postrema.
      Carbachol was found to have an analgesic effect. A similar application of 3.0
      micrograms/microliter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) also had an analgesic effect,
      whose duration, however, was only half that of carbachol and whose intensity was
      lower, although the latency of the response was 2 seconds for both drugs. When
      100 micrograms/microliter lysergic acid was applied to the area postrema the
      results did not differ significantly from control values, with only a small
      tendency toward hyperalgesia being observed. The present results, taken together
      with those obtained with noradrenalin in a previous study, suggest that the rich
      endowment of neurotransmitters in the area postrema may indicate a polyvalent
      analgesic mechanism able to provide a finer regulation of analgesia.

PMID- 4063552
TI  - Signs of synchronized sleep elicited by local application of leptazol to a
      circumscribed area of the ventral surface of medulla oblongata in the cat.
AB  - Topical application of some drugs to the ventral surface of medulla oblongata has
      been found to cause changes in blood pressure and respiration and release of
      vasopressin. In the present investigation, electrophysiological changes induced
      in the electrocorticogram of cats by drugs applied to this area of the central
      nervous system were studied. In eight animals kept anesthetized with sodium
      pentobarbiturate, leptazol (200 mg/ml) was applied bilaterally (20 microliter on
      each side) to a small area of the rostral portion of medulla oblongata while
      blood pressure, respiration, the electrocorticogram from the sigmoid gyri, the
      nictitating membrane and the pupil width were monitored. In some preparations
      sodium pentobarbiturate was also applied to the same area after leptazol. Within
      30 s of leptazol application to the surface, active spindling started in the
      sigmoid gyri, simultaneously with myosis, relaxation of the nictitating membrane
      and inhibition of the limb retraction in response to noxious stimulation. All
      these changes characterize the state of synchronized sleep. Topical application
      of pentobarbital to the same area suppressed spindling and reversed the other
      signs of synchronized sleep. The possible intervention of some known hodological
      systems or of the sleeping factors described by some authors in the genesis of
      the above phenomena is discussed.

PMID- 4063553
TI  - Localization in the brain of the inhibition by GABA of luteinizing hormone
      release that follows orchidectomy in rats.
AB  - The possible participation of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) in the enhanced
      release of luteinizing hormone that follows orchidectomy was examined. The GABA
      transaminase inhibitor, gamma vinyl GABA, injected stereotaxically into the locus
      ceruleus area blocked the postcastration rise of luteinizing hormone in plasma.
      In contrast, this response developed normally when the drug was administered
      either to the medial or the dorsal preoptic area and to the mediobasal
      hypothalamus. The present preliminary results suggest that the increase of GABA
      at synaptic sites affects luteinizing hormone release in castrated male rats
      through an action on the noradrenergic cell bodies of the locus ceruleus system.

PMID- 4063554
TI  - Resource allocation in audiology.

PMID- 4063555
TI  - Improvements in speech intelligibility in quiet and in noise produced by two
      channel compression hearing aids.
AB  - Eight subjects suffering from bilateral sensorineural hearing losses with
      recruitment were fitted binaurally with two-channel compression hearing aids,
      worn behind the ear. After they had worn the aids for some time, measures of
      speech intelligibility were compared for two conditions: listening unaided, and
      listening aided. the dynamic range for speech, defined as the difference in level
      between the speech reception threshold in quiet and the highest comfortable level
      for speech, was substantially increased in the aided condition for seven of the
      eight subjects (the exception was a subject with almost normal low-frequency
      hearing). Speech reception thresholds were also measured in two levels of
      background noise ('babble'), 60 and 75 dB SPL. Seven of the eight subjects showed
      a reduced speech reception threshold (i.e. an improvement) in the aided condition
      for at least one of the two noise levels, although the size of the improvement
      differed considerably from one subject to another. The subjects were also given a
      battery of psycho-acoustical tests in an attempt to better characterise their
      hearing loss, and to gain more insight into individual differences. Results of
      measurements of frequency selectivity, frequency discrimination, temporal acuity
      and temporal masking are described and related to the measures of speech
      intelligibility.

PMID- 4063556
TI  - Clinical results with a hearing aid and a single-channel vibrotactile device for
      profoundly deaf adults.
AB  - The speech perception of a group of 19 adults with post-lingual profound to total
      hearing loss was tested with nine closed-set speech tests without lipreading, two
      open-set tests without lipreading and two open-set speech tests with lipreading.
      The subjects were all prospective cochlear implant patients participating in a
      clinical trial of the implant and the results reported here were obtained as part
      of the pre-operative assessment. They were divided into groups on the basis of
      their prior experience with the aid(s), their speech detection thresholds with
      the two aids and their personal preferences. Seven of the subjects used a hand
      held single-channel vibrotactile device and the other 12 used a powerful
      conventional hearing aid. Subjects from each group scored significantly better
      than chance on the closed set tests without lipreading. Training or regular
      hearing aid use was correlated with good performance on the closed-set tests. No
      subject showed a significant improvement of the lipreading score when the aid was
      used as a supplement. The use of sophisticated wearable tactile devices and
      extensive training may allow a better result, but in this clinical program,
      neither a hearing aid nor a single-channel vibrotactile device greatly benefited
      the postlingually profoundly deaf adults.

PMID- 4063557
TI  - Factors relating to the under-use of postaural hearing aids.
AB  - All adult patients issued at Withington Hospital with NHS postaural hearing aids
      in 1980 (n = 731) were reviewed. Efforts were made to determine the reasons for
      under-use and dissatisfaction among those who were not using the aid at all or
      using it minimally and with low satisfaction. The major presenting reason for non
      use, accounting for over a quarter of all non-users, was inability to insert the
      earmould. The next most common reason for non-use and the major reason for poor
      satisfaction in low level users was related to difficulty in coping with signals
      in noise. Other significant factors contributing to poor or non-use were (1) lack
      of recognition of hearing impairment, (2) advanced age and poor health, (3) less
      than ideal matching of the aid to the loss of hearing. The percentage of under
      users was significantly reduced by hearing aid orientation and counselling.
      Further reduction might be achieved if attitudes to hearing loss among those
      affected and concerned professionals could be improved so that early referral and
      treatment became the norm rather than the exception.

PMID- 4063558
TI  - Variables affecting pure tone and speech audiometry in experimentally simulated
      hearing loss.
AB  - Previous studies have found that subjects simulating hearing losses can provide
      information which is useful to audiological clinicians when patients produce
      exaggerated hearing levels with no apparent organic aetiology. Two groups of
      normally-hearing subjects were used, designated unsophisticated or sophisticated
      in audiometric testing. Each subject was instructed to feign any amount of
      hearing loss in both ears prior to carrying out pure tone and speech audiometry
      using monosyllabic speech material. A number of variables was studied to identify
      factors influencing success or failure in simulating hearing loss and to
      investigate strategies used by the subjects. Analysis of the audiometric results
      revealed no typical degree of hearing loss for tones or speech. The majority of
      the subjects simulated sensori-neural pure tone losses with flat audiometric
      configuration. Approach mode, ascending or descending, had no significant effect
      on simulated tonal threshold. Four strategies for simulating a loss were
      identified. A fair degree of test/retest reliability in hearing loss for speech
      and tones was observed. Large discrepancies in hearing loss for speech and tones
      were recorded with the hearing loss for tones typically in excess of that for
      speech. Responses during speech audiometry showed a high occurrence of 'no
      response' errors. No significant differences were recorded between the
      sophisticated and unsophisticated groups, except in the pattern of response
      during speech audiometry, when the sophisticated subjects gave significantly
      fewer correct responses and 'no response' errors.

PMID- 4063559
TI  - Saudi Arabic speech audiometry for children.
AB  - Phonetically balanced mono and disyllabic Classical Arabic word lists were chosen
      to construct a Saudi Arabic speech test for children. These words were taken from
      children's stories. They were first evaluated by primary and pre-school children
      in the urban and rural areas of the Province and then divided in eight subgroups
      of 10 words each. The articulation curves obtained from the children with this
      test material are similar in course and value to that of the German language
      using similar speech-test material under the same conditions.

PMID- 4063560
TI  - Psychoanalytic hospital psychiatry in the 1980s.

PMID- 4063561
TI  - The integrative role of psychoanalysis in the psychiatric hospital.

PMID- 4063562
TI  - Principles of psychoanalytic hospital treatment.

PMID- 4063563
TI  - Reflections on the psychoanalytic hospital in the 1980s.

PMID- 4063564
TI  - Countertransference in hospital treatment. Basic concepts and paradigms.

PMID- 4063565
TI  - Nursing in the therapeutic milieu.

PMID- 4063566
TI  - Using the religious community as family in psychiatric treatment.

PMID- 4063567
TI  - What patients experience during psychiatric hospitalization.

PMID- 4063568
TI  - Suicide assessment. An ego vulnerabilities approach.

PMID- 4063569
TI  - Actual versus optimal length of psychiatric hospital stay. An important
      distinction for prediction.

PMID- 4063570
TI  - The detection and characterization of controlled drugs imported into the United
      Kingdom.
AB  - The Laboratory of the Government Chemist examines most of the drugs that have
      been seized at the point of entry into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
      Northern Ireland and has developed analytical methods for their rapid
      identification in the field and for more exact analysis and quantitation in the
      Laboratory. These methods are described for the major types of drugs encountered.
      Many seizures are examined in greater detail in order to compare samples and to
      correlate origin with physical and chemical appearance. Information on the
      procedures necessary to undertake this aspect of work is also presented.

PMID- 4063571
TI  - Application of air sampling and ion-mobility spectrometry to narcotics detection:
      a feasibility study.
AB  - A feasibility study of the application of air sampling and ion-mobility
      spectrometry (IMS) for detection of heroin and cocaine concealed in letter mail
      showed that a unique IMS signature is associated with each type of drug and that
      a number of IMS peaks can be used as markers for the presence of drugs. No false
      reading for cocaine or heroin resulted when innocent items were monitored. Near
      real-time performance with sampling and analysis times of less than 30 seconds
      was achieved for the simultaneous detection of cocaine and heroin. The method
      proved to be a reliable tool for the fast screening of suspect items. Preliminary
      tests also showed that the method has potential for use in detecting the drugs in
      suitcases and on people.

PMID- 4063572
TI  - An evaluation of TLC systems for opiate analysis.
AB  - The authors selected 38 thin-layer-chromatography (TLC) systems described in the
      available literature published over the last 10 years and evaluated those systems
      with respect to their suitability for detection and identification of opiates in
      urine, opium and heroin, as well as adulterants in heroin. A total of 14
      substances: 8 opiates (morphine, 6-monoacetylmorphine, diacetylmorphine, codeine,
      acetylcodeine, noscapine, papaverine and thebaine) and 6 adulterants (ephedrine,
      quinine, methadone, caffeine, cocaine and strychnine) were used as test samples
      for this research. Using laboratory-coated plates and pre-coated plates, 15 and
      13 TLC systems, respectively, were found to be able to detect and identify
      morphine and codeine in urine without interference from the remaining 12
      substances. For the detection of opiates in opium samples as well as opiates and
      adulterants in illicit heroin samples the TLC system: chloroform-n-hexane
      triethylamine (9:9:4) which was developed by the National Drug Research Centre,
      Penang, Malaysia, was found to be most suitable on both laboratory-coated and pre
      coated plates. In addition, the following two systems, one on laboratory-coated
      plates--hexane-chloroform-diethylamine (50:30:7)--and the other on pre-coated
      plates--benzene-dioxane-ethanol-ammonia (50:40:5:5; T-7)--were also found to be
      among most suitable TLC systems for the analysis of opiates in opium samples. The
      article also presents the relative cost of each of the 38 evaluated TLC systems.

PMID- 4063573
TI  - Parameters for determining the origin of illicit heroin samples.
AB  - A method has been evolved for assigning the source of supply or origin of illicit
      heroin samples. The content of morphine, codeine and acetyl products and the
      ratios of morphine to codeine and heroin to acetylcodeine obtained from opium
      samples of known origin as well as the content of heroin (diacetylmorphine) and
      acetylcodeine and their ratios in illicit heroin samples that have been found to
      belong to the same source of supply as the known opium samples are used as the
      basic criteria for a comparison to determine the origin of illicit heroin
      samples. Because the content of alkaloids in opium and heroin samples varies
      considerably, the number of opium and illicit heroin samples of known origin
      analysed should be sufficient to determine a representative composition of
      alkaloids in such samples for a given geographical area and period of production.
      It was observed that the theoretical ratio of heroin to acetylcodeine increases
      two-fold at each stage of the chemical conversion in the series opium-morphine
      heroin. The ratios of heroin to acetylcodeine obtained from opium samples of
      known origin showed significant variation, which enabled the author to make
      distinct composition profiles of the alkaloids for each geographical area
      studied. Such profiles made it possible to compare heroin samples of known origin
      with illicit heroin samples of unknown origin and to determine the geographical
      area from which the latter originated. This method can also be applied in
      determining the origin of illicit morphine samples.

PMID- 4063574
TI  - Topics in the chemistry of cocaine.
AB  - Literature concerning the taxonomy and alkaloid content of the coca plant is
      examined in this article. The process used to extract cocaine alkaloids from the
      plant is described and information relating to the constituents of illicitly
      processed cocaine reported. Investigations into the stereochemistry of cocaine
      resulting from United States laws controlling such drugs are reviewed. Advances
      in presumptive tests for cocaine are described and some comments are made
      relative to trends in chromatographic analysis.

PMID- 4063575
TI  - Identification and quantitative determination of LSD by fluorescence: new data.
AB  - Tests for the detection of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are not always
      specific; to cope with this problem the authors have developed a fluorimetric
      apparatus and technique for the detection and identification of LSD in samples
      seized from illicit traffic in drugs. The fluorimeter is not electronic and is
      simple to make and use, inexpensive, easy to handle and suitable for field
      analyses. With the new, highly sensitive and selective method of synchronous
      excitation spectrofluorimetry, a toxicological analytical laboratory can confirm
      measurements made in the field and make an immediate determination of the
      quantity of LSD in the samples seized. The agreement between results obtained
      using differential fluorimetry or synchronous spectrofluorimetry and
      chromatographic techniques was found to be excellent. Quantitative analysis is
      very useful because the amount of LSD per "dose" can vary, from one batch to
      another, from a few tenths of a microgram to several hundred micrograms.

PMID- 4063576
TI  - In-vitro fertilization.

PMID- 4063577
TI  - Patient access to medical records.

PMID- 4063578
TI  - Multiple primary pulmonary malignancy.
AB  - The diagnosis of multiple primary pulmonary malignancy can be difficult; and the
      criteria for such tumours may arise simultaneously or consecutively, be
      unilateral or bilateral and have similar or different histology. Resection
      remains the treatment of choice and, despite the gloomy outlook, no patient
      should be assumed inoperable. To achieve early diagnosis of a consecutively
      occurring tumour, regular and prolonged follow up of every patient who has had a
      first tumour resected is recommended.

PMID- 4063579
TI  - Pharmacological strategies in depression.
AB  - Several pharmacological manoeuvres may be considered when the first attempt at
      antidepressant treatment fails. The importance of adequate dosage and duration in
      any treatment trial are emphasized, and the evidence in support of combined
      antidepressants, lithium-antidepressant combinations, the addition of
      triiodothyronine or tryptophan, the use of anticonvulsants, and the use of
      vanadium inactivators, is evaluated.

PMID- 4063580
TI  - Stress ulceration.

PMID- 4063581
TI  - Phorbol myristate acetate enhances human polymorphonuclear neutrophil release of
      granular enzymes but inhibits chemokinesis.
AB  - The effects of the co-carcinogenic phorbol ester, phorbol myristate acetate
      (PMA), on N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP)-induced human polymorphonuclear leukocyte
      chemokinesis and release of granular lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase were
      compared with those of the inactive phorbol didecanoate (PDD). Release of the
      enzymes was enhanced by PMA but was unaffected by PDD which also had no effect on
      chemokinesis. In contrast, FMLP-induced chemokinesis was completely suppressed by
      PMA in a dose-dependent fashion (ID50 = 3.5 nM). PMA also inhibited the FMLP
      induced increase in cytoplasmic calcium level, measured by the fluorescent
      indicator quin-2. These and other results suggest that although the
      diacylglycerol/protein kinase C system is involved in the positive regulation of
      certain neutrophil functions (degranulation and superoxide generation), if it is
      very powerfully stimulated, as with PMA, it has inhibitory actions on other
      neutrophil properties such as motility.

PMID- 4063582
TI  - Sex and hormonal influences on platelet sensitivity and coagulation in the rat.
AB  - Platelet sensitivity to adenosine di-phosphate (ADP), thrombin, collagen,
      arachidonic acid and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) and the activity of the coagulation
      system as measured by the activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin
      time, Russell's viper venom time and plasma fibrinogen have been examined in male
      and female rats, female rats during the oestrous cycle and female rats treated
      with oestrogen and a progestogen. Male rat platelets were less sensitive to
      thrombin and more sensitive to inhibition by PGI2 than those from females and
      fibrinogen levels in male rat plasma were approximately twice those seen in
      females. During the oestrous cycle, platelets were more sensitive to ADP and less
      sensitive to thrombin at dioestrus. Following 6 weeks treatment with 17 beta
      oestradiol or ethynyl oestradiol, both platelet aggregation and release of
      granular ATP induced by collagen were significantly reduced. Platelet sensitivity
      to other agents, ADP, arachidonic acid, thrombin and PGI2 was, however, unchanged
      following oestrogen treatment. Activation of factor X by Russell's viper venom
      was accelerated in rats treated with ethynyl oestradiol, although this
      enhancement was not reflected in the overall clotting times.

PMID- 4063583
TI  - Pharmacological characterization of the histamine receptor in the isolated
      muscularis mucosae of the guinea-pig oesophagus.
AB  - To characterize the histamine receptors in the muscularis mucosae, the isotonic
      responsiveness of the isolated muscularis mucosae of the guinea-pig oesophagus to
      histamine receptor agonists and antagonists was examined in vitro. Histamine (0.1
      100 microM) produced a concentration-dependent contraction of the muscularis
      mucosae (EC50 = 1.6 +/- 0.2 microM). The contractions were rapid in onset,
      sustained, reversible by washing and the preparation did not show tachyphylaxis.
      2-Methylhistamine (2-MH), 2-pyridylethylamine (PEA) and 4-methylhistamine (4-MH)
      produced similar sustained contractions of the muscularis mucosae. The order of
      sensitivity was histamine greater than 2-MH greater than PEA greater than 4-MH.
      Impromidine (10-300 microM) and dimaprit (10-300 microM) caused no response in
      this tissue. The contractile responses to histamine, 2-MH, and PEA were
      competitively antagonized by diphenhydramine, and the pA2 values were almost the
      same (approximately 8.1). Cimetidine (100 microM) could not modify the
      contractile response to these agonists. The contractile response to histamine was
      slightly inhibited by tetrodotoxin (0.3 microM), atropine (1 microM),
      indomethacin (0.1-3 microM) or aspirin (30-300 microM), and the EC50 value was
      increased about 2-6 times by these drugs. When the preparation was incubated in
      Tyrode solution containing various calcium concentrations (0, 0.45, 0.9 and 1.8
      mM), the concentration-response curve to histamine was shifted to the right and
      downward; the effect was inversely dependent on the calcium concentration, and in
      a calcium-free medium the response to histamine was abolished. Verapamil (1-10
      microM) partially inhibited the contractile response to histamine. 7 The present
      results indicate that the contraction of the guinea-pig oesophageal muscularis
      mucosae to histamine is mediated mainly by a direct action on the smooth muscle
      and partly by indirect actions via the stimulation of either endogenous
      prostaglandin biosynthesis or intramural cholinergic nerves. The histamine
      receptors responsible for contractions of this tissue are probably mainly of the
      H,- subtype with H2-receptors having a negligible role.

PMID- 4063584
TI  - The effect of prednisolone and ketotifen on the antigen-induced
      bronchoconstriction and mediator release in rat isolated lungs.
AB  - Using a new method for inducing IgE-mediated, systemic anaphylaxis in the rat
      both prednisolone and ketotifen had been shown previously to be effective in
      suppressing the bronchial anaphylaxis in vivo. In order to study the mode of
      action underlying their bronchoprotective effect, both agents were also tested on
      the antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in rat isolated lungs in relation to the
      mediator release in the lung-effluent. The presence of histamine, 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and SRS-A could be detected biologically in the lung
      effluent during bronchoconstriction. Histamine and 5-HT were determined
      quantitatively by means of h.p.l.c. with fluorimetric detection, whereas SRS-A
      was determined using the guinea-pig ileum in a cascade set-up. Although both
      prednisolone and ketotifen inhibited the antigen-induced bronchoconstriction
      effectively, it appeared that only prednisolone suppressed the release of
      histamine, 5-HT and SRS-A in the lung-effluent significantly, whereas ketotifen
      had no effect. On account of these data it is suggested that the
      bronchoprotective effect of prednisolone is mainly based on inhibition of the
      release of the mediators involved, whereas the effect of ketotifen may be based
      on receptor antagonism.

PMID- 4063586
TI  - The effect of airway epithelium on smooth muscle contractility in bovine trachea.
AB  - In bovine tracheal smooth muscle the presence of airway epithelium significantly
      reduced the sensitivity and maximum contractile response to histamine, 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) or acetylcholine. Muscle contraction induced by K+ and
      electrical field stimulation was of similar magnitude both in the presence or
      absence of adherent epithelium. The effect of epithelium on smooth muscle
      contractility was unaffected by pretreatment with indomethacin (10(-6) M) or
      mepacrine (5 X 10(-5) M). The relaxant response to isoprenaline was enhanced in
      the presence of epithelium, although this was significant only in the case of
      precontraction with 5-HT. It is concluded that the bronchial epithelium may
      produce a relaxant factor which is not a cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase product.
      The production of this factor may be reduced or lost following epithelial damage
      and this may be important in the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in
      asthma.

PMID- 4063585
TI  - The effects of ablations in the central nervous system on arrhythmias induced by
      coronary occlusion in the rat.
AB  - The role of the central nervous system (CNS) in arrhythmogenesis in the 4 h
      period following occlusion of a coronary artery was investigated in rats by use
      of CNS ablations and other procedures. Ablations in the CNS included pithing,
      spinalization and decerebration combined with acute and chronic surgical
      preparation and noradrenaline/adrenaline infusions. All procedures involving
      acute surgery reduced the incidence and severity of the arrhythmias induced by
      occlusion. Such reductions were most marked in the second (0.5-4 h post
      occlusion) arrhythmic period. The observed reductions in arrhythmias could not be
      explained in terms of involvement of the CNS or adrenoceptor activation. When
      circulating leucocytes, platelets and serum potassium were measured in a group of
      pithed rats before and after occlusion, reduced levels (20-50%) of both
      leucocytes and platelets occurred while serum potassium levels rose by 50-100%.
      Arrhythmias following coronary occlusion may depend in part on factors in the
      blood such as leucocytes, platelets and serum potassium and these factors may be
      altered by acute surgery.

PMID- 4063587
TI  - The effect of chronic haloperidol treatment on some cardiovascular parameters in
      cats.
AB  - Blood pressure, heart rate and evoked cardiovascular reflexes were examined in
      cats following chronic treatment with haloperidol, at a dose of 1 mg kg-1 per
      day, orally for 23 days. Five days after the final dose the animals were
      anaesthetized and tested for their reaction to various cardiovascular stimuli and
      to a number of agonist and antagonist drugs, given both intravenously and into
      the vertebral artery. It was found that treatment with haloperidol caused
      hypertension in the cats, as well as a potentiation of the pressor response to
      bilateral carotid occlusion. The response to 30 degrees head-up tilting was also
      altered so that in treated cats, the blood pressure returned to normal more
      rapidly during the tilt. There was no difference in the heart rate of the two
      groups of cats, nor in the pressor response to intravenous noradrenaline or
      angiotensin II or to afferent brachial nerve stimulation, nor was the depressor
      action of bradykinin altered. Hexamethonium reduced the blood pressure in both
      control and treated cats to approximately the same level. Blood O2, CO2, pH and
      bicarbonate levels were also unaltered by the treatment, as was plasma renin
      activity. Of the drugs given into the vertebral artery, only noradrenaline,
      prazosin, ketanserin and haloperidol caused a significantly greater fall in blood
      pressure in treated than in control cats, while clonidine and St91 were equally
      effective in both groups. These results suggest that haloperidol treatment has
      caused a greater modulation of central alpha 1- than of alpha 2-adrenoceptors.

PMID- 4063588
TI  - Third ventricle size and dementia in schizophrenia.
AB  - Using an ultrasound technique, the widths of the third ventricle in a group of
      normal subjects was compared with groups of chronic schizophrenics and acutely
      ill schizophrenics. While the chronic patients showed a significantly wider
      ventricle (p less than 0.5) from the other two groups, only 14% of the chronic
      patients had a third ventricle greater than the accepted normal maximum of 8 mm.
      Neuropsychological tests confirmed organic brain impairment in both chronic and
      acutely ill patients but there was no significant difference between chronic
      patients with large ventricles and those with normal size ventricles. This
      suggests that third ventricle size is not part of the schizophrenic disease
      process and is not related to the dementia seen in the late stages of the
      illness.

PMID- 4063589
TI  - Day and full time psychiatric treatment: a controlled comparison.
AB  - Ninety-one patients admitted as emergencies, suffering from neurosis, personality
      disorder, or adjustment reaction, were randomly allocated to day hospital or to
      continued in-patient care. Follow-up was for up to one year. Clinical outcome was
      similar in the day care and in-patient groups, but patient satisfaction was
      significantly greater in day patients. Day hospital care was only about two
      thirds of the cost of the cheaper of the two in-patient regimes, even though
      contact with it was on average twice as long as for in-patients.

PMID- 4063590
TI  - Day treatment: suitability and referral procedure.
AB  - In a prospective screening of emergency admissions of patients suffering from
      neurosis, personality disorder or adjustment reaction, 100 were assessed as
      suitable for early transfer to day hospital treatment, 101 as unsuitable, and 39
      as not requiring further intervention. Of the unsuitable patients, 39 were
      grossly disturbed; the remainder did not differ in severity from those thought
      suitable, but there was a specific reason against day treatment in all but 13 of
      the 62--most commonly alcohol abuse, physical problems, social problems or
      aggression. Patients' attitudes were also important. Recruitment of patients had
      to be active, with regular visits to the wards by day hospital staff.

PMID- 4063591
TI  - Psychiatric reform in Italy--how does it work in Piedmont?
AB  - Psychiatric reform in Piedmont following new mental health legislation in Italy
      (1978) is described. The process of reform is characterised by a drastic
      reduction in psychiatric hospital populations and the setting-up of a new system
      of community-based services. The number of hospital admissions remains stable,
      but the character of inpatient care has changed. The reform involves problems of
      care for chronic patients.

PMID- 4063592
TI  - Rehabilitation and institutionalisation in community care in West Germany.
AB  - This study examines the quality of residential care in non-psychiatric nursing
      homes and psychiatric group homes for a representative epidemiologically-based
      sample of patients discharged from a psychiatric hospital in West Germany. There
      were twice as many chronically ill patients in sheltered accommodation as in
      hospital, 85% of them in nursing homes, which scored badly on all measures of
      therapeutic environment. This poverty of social environment was correlated with
      severity of symptoms for schizophrenics, especially with flatness of affect and
      poverty of speech. Nursing homes were just as likely as hospitals to promote
      chronic illness and hinder rehabilitation.

PMID- 4063593
TI  - Anorexia nervosa, parental 'expressed emotion' and dropping out of treatment.
AB  - The number of dropouts from a long-term treatment study of patients with anorexia
      nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) was substantial. A variety of social,
      clinical, parental, and treatment factors were examined for their association
      with early termination of treatment by the patient or the family. Parents'
      expressed emotion' (EE) (particularly critical comments), BN, and the type of
      therapy offered (family or individual) were found to interact in some manner to
      result in dropping out. Some other aspects of parents' EE were also examined,
      including a comparison of scores in parental pairs; EE was found to be influenced
      by social class, and there were significant associations with the patient's
      symptomatology and social adjustment. There was a strong relationship between
      mothers' and fathers' scores in parental pairs.

PMID- 4063594
TI  - The Scottish survey of psychiatric rehabilitation and support services.
AB  - Rehabilitation and support services in psychiatric hospitals and general hospital
      psychiatric units serving two-thirds of the population of Scotland were reviewed.
      Although there are wide between-hospital differences, especially between rural
      and urban areas, the National Health Service in Scotland is making considerable
      efforts to provide staffing, accommodation, occupational activities, and support
      services for the long term mentally ill. Services provided by local authorities,
      with the exception of group homes, are seriously deficient. The total number of
      services provided by an individual hospital correlated highly with an assessment
      of its adequacy in providing such services in relation to other hospitals. A
      simple count of services may therefore be used to assess adequacy. There was also
      a correlation between the range of a hospital's services and numbers of misplaced
      new chronic in-patients.

PMID- 4063595
TI  - The Maudsley Marital Questionnaire (MMQ): an extension of its construct validity.
AB  - In a successful attempt at extending the construct validity of the Dutch version
      of the Maudsley Marital Questionnaire (MMQ), its sub-scales were correlated with
      the Marital Deprivation Scale, the Sexuality Experiencing Scale, the Marital
      Communication Inventory, and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist.

PMID- 4063596
TI  - Normalisation of the dexamethasone suppression test: a correlate of clinical
      improvement in primary depressives.
AB  - Thirty-six patients with a primary depressive illness, admitted consecutively to
      hospital, were studied. All patients had a pre-treatment DST, followed by weekly
      DSTs during a six-week treatment period. Three categories of DST response were
      identified, on the basis of the serial DSTs. All three groups showed improvement
      with treatment: the two non-suppressor groups showed normalisation of the DST
      over the treatment period, but only the normalising nonsuppressors showed a
      significant correlation between DST normalisation and clinical improvement.

PMID- 4063597
TI  - Long term follow-up study of a ward-based behaviour modification programme for
      adolescents with acting-out and conduct problems.
AB  - Although it is widely believed that behaviour modification is successful in an
      institutional setting, the lasting efficacy of such programmes for adolescents
      with acting-out and conduct problems has long been questioned. A follow-up
      enquiry was carried out at one and two years on adolescent patients who had been
      through an institutional behaviour modification programme. The results were
      compared with those obtained for a similar group of patients who were accepted
      for the programme but not admitted; significantly more of the treatment group
      than the comparison group had improved in terms of behavioural outcome measures,
      and their level of independent living was greater.

PMID- 4063598
TI  - Cryptotrauma and "accident neurosis".
AB  - Accidents may often have been far more traumatic psychologically and emotionally
      than appears to be the case at first sight. Attention is drawn to such
      "Cryptotrauma" and illustrated with three clinical vignettes. Emphasis is placed
      on the need for painstaking analysis of the accident in all its details. Without
      such careful investigation "Post traumatic stress disorders" can easily be
      overlooked, since patients tend not to offer the information spontaneously.

PMID- 4063599
TI  - A clinical study of adult coprophagics.

PMID- 4063600
TI  - Nocturnal prolactin secretion in depression.

PMID- 4063602
TI  - Epilepsy and psychosis.

PMID- 4063601
TI  - Health beliefs and attendance for specialist alcoholism treatment.

PMID- 4063603
TI  - Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis (PKC) and hypomania.

PMID- 4063604
TI  - Water intoxication in psychiatric patients.

PMID- 4063605
TI  - Lithium in severe depression.

PMID- 4063606
TI  - ECT, blood pressure changes and neuropsychological deficit.
AB  - Twenty psychiatric in-patients were studied before and after five bilateral
      electroconvulsive treatments for major depression. There were significant memory
      and neuropsychological changes after treatment, and significant reductions in
      depression rating scores, but they did not correlate with various measures of
      blood pressure elevation during treatment. The importance of ECT-related amnesia
      is discussed.

PMID- 4063607
TI  - Changes in the incidence of alcohol-related problems in north-east Scotland, 1974
      1982.
AB  - The age-standardised rates of first-ever alcohol-related diagnoses amongst both
      general hospital in-patients and psychiatric referrals were examined in the
      Grampian region from 1974 to 1982. Male general hospital admissions in this
      category rose steeply from 1974 to 1978, but then declined steeply thereafter; it
      is concluded that this may reflect a beneficial effect on male drinking habits as
      a result of the liberalisation of Scottish licensing laws. The remaining data
      supported the belief that the gap is narrowing between male and female rates of
      alcohol-related illness.

PMID- 4063608
TI  - Sex concordance for schizophrenia in proband-relative pairs.
AB  - Some hypotheses about the cause of schizophrenia are based on the puzzling
      tendency for mental illness to affect the same sex when two close relatives
      become psychiatrically ill. Sex-concordance rates were examined in 71
      schizophrenic probands, who had at least one first-degree relative suffering from
      the same disorder, in order to test this tendency in a population of recently
      admitted patients. No unusual concordance rates were found when unaffected sibs
      were taken into account and relatives were stratified to take account of possible
      confounding factors. It would seem premature to construct hypotheses about the
      aetiology of schizophrenia based on evidence of this type.

PMID- 4063609
TI  - A twin study of individuals with both schizophrenia and alcoholism.
AB  - Substantial evidence suggests that genetic factors contribute to the aetiology of
      both schizophrenia and alcoholism, when they occur alone. To examine the role of
      genetic factors in schizophrenia and alcoholism when they occur together in the
      same individual, the frequency of both conditions was investigated in the co
      twins of 34 monozygotic (MZ) and 47 dizygotic (DZ) index twins with a diagnosis
      of both schizophrenia and alcoholism. Both disorders alone were significantly
      more common in the MZ than in the DZ co-twins, suggesting that individuals
      suffering from schizophrenia and alcoholism have a genetic predisposition to both
      disorders, which is of the same nature as that which causes the two when they
      occur alone. In the co-twins of the MZ index twins, the diagnoses of
      schizophrenia and alcoholism were uncorrelated, indicating that the specific
      environmental factors of causal importance in the two disorders are not closely
      related.

PMID- 4063611
TI  - Familial alcoholism: evidence from 237 alcoholics.
AB  - When male alcoholics with and without a positive family history were compared,
      differences were found in age of onset, age of presentation, severity of
      alcoholism, and severity of self-reported antisocial behaviour. No such
      differences were found for women. The implications of these findings for the
      concept of 'familial alcoholism' are discussed.

PMID- 4063610
TI  - Interpreting data in aetiological studies of affective disorder: some pitfalls
      and ambiguities.
AB  - Although recent research in social psychiatry has produced an encouraging
      congruence of findings and conclusions, puzzling inconsistencies continue to be
      reported. One explanation which is often overlooked is that subtle differences in
      the way seemingly identical variables are grouped can produce sizeable, and
      sometimes dramatic, differences in the patterning of the same data. Re
      examination of existing results can therefore often better clarify confusing
      inconsistencies than collection of new data. This is illustrated by examples from
      recent studies of affective disorder where the grouping of variables is discussed
      in three broad areas: parental loss in childhood, precipitating stress, and
      social support. Until the aetiology of affective disorder is more fully
      understood, it will often be clearer if data are analysed more than once, so that
      several combinations of variables are systematically examined.

PMID- 4063612
TI  - Regional density and survival in senile dementia. An interim report on a
      prospective computed tomographic study.
AB  - Computed cranial tomography was performed on 48 patients with Senile Dementia of
      the Alzheimer Type (SDAT) who have since been followed up in a continuing
      prospective study. At six-months follow-up, ten patients had died; these did not
      differ significantly from the survivors either in mean age or duration of
      dementia, although the latter tended to have been shorter in the deceased.
      Despite having shorter histories, the deceased had performed worse on initial
      testing with several cognitive measures, and this was significant for the mental
      test score; this suggests some patients may have a more rapidly progressive form
      of SDAT. In a comparison between the CT scan of the deceased and survivors, the
      deceased were found to have significantly lower mean attenuation densities in the
      parietal, occipital, and left thalamic regions. The hypothesis that low
      attenuation density in the parietal regions of the CT scan in SDAT is associated
      with a more rapid demise is supported for the present period of follow-up.

PMID- 4063613
TI  - Psychosocial vulnerability to life events during the climacteric.
AB  - The mid-life period is regarded as a period of profound physical and psychosocial
      change for women. Psychological disturbance at this time has been associated with
      discrete life events. The influence of other psychosocial variables on
      psychological disturbance is examined in a general population sample. Five
      psychosocial variables are shown to have a relationship with psychological
      disturbance, either in conjunction with or independently of life events. The
      implications of these findings for the understanding of psychological disturbance
      at this time are discussed.

PMID- 4063614
TI  - Presbyophrenia: clinical aspects.
AB  - Fifteen cases meeting the diagnostic criteria for presbyophrenia are reported and
      compared with a control sample of patients suffering from dementia. The
      presbyophrenic patients exhibited more elevated mood, more hyperactivity, more
      disorientation, and had lower information scores than the controls. Traditional
      explanations of 'presbyophrenic behaviour' such as delirium, pathoplastic effect
      of personality, or superimposed cerebrovascular disease are not adequate.
      Instead, presbyophrenia may constitute a sub-type of dementia characterised by
      severe atrophy of the locus coeruleus, marked impairment of noradrenergic
      transmission, and uninhibited behaviour.

PMID- 4063615
TI  - A short-stay ward in a psychiatric hospital. Effect on the hospital caseload.

PMID- 4063616
TI  - Clomipramine--induced galactorrhoea and amenorrhoea.

PMID- 4063617
TI  - AIDS-panic: AIDS-induced psychogenic states.

PMID- 4063619
TI  - The PSE in the transcultural setting.

PMID- 4063618
TI  - Contraceptives without consent?

PMID- 4063620
TI  - A malignant corpus callosum tumour in an 85-year-old demented woman.

PMID- 4063621
TI  - DST, endocrines and loss of weight.

PMID- 4063622
TI  - Determinants of compliance in rheumatoid arthritic patients assessed in their
      home environment.
AB  - Patient compliance with prescriber's medication instructions was investigated in
      178 rheumatoid arthritis patients treated in community practice. The compliance
      rate in the sample subjects was estimated to be 63.5%. Disease activity, measured
      objectively with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and subjectively by
      duration of morning stiffness, was a major incentive for adherence to the
      treatment regimen. Among subjects with active disease (ESR greater than 20 mm in
      1 h), the rate of compliance was 73.8%, but this fell to 52.7% among those with a
      normal ESR (i.e. ESR less than or equal to 20 mm in 1 h). The motivations and
      perceptions of the subjects concerning their drug therapy also affected
      compliance. Compliance was however less dependent on perceptions when active
      inflammation was present.

PMID- 4063623
TI  - The prevalence of osteoarthrosis in a rural African community.
AB  - Osteoarthrosis occurs in all population groups throughout the world. However, the
      pattern of the condition may differ considerably amongst various developing,
      traditionally living people, perhaps because of their different living habits,
      occupational factors and genetics. The distribution and prevalence of
      osteoarthrosis in a developing African population are reported in this paper. A
      radiological survey of the hands and feet of 543 adult respondents was
      undertaken. The prevalence of multiple osteoarthrosis and Heberden's nodes was
      very low. There was a sharp rise in the prevalence of osteoarthrosis after the
      age of 40 years. The prevalence in males and females was very similar; a finding
      which agrees with previous African studies but is in contrast to Caucasian
      surveys. We also found more distal interphalangeal involvement in males than in
      females. The incidence of proximal interphalangeal involvement was very similar
      to that reported in other published studies.

PMID- 4063624
TI  - Joint mobility among university students in Iraq.
AB  - The prevalence of joint hypermobility among 1774 university students, aged 20-24
      years, in Iraq has been determined from a survey made in 1981. The degree of
      joint hypermobility was scored on a scale between 0 and 9 using the method
      described by Beighton in his modification of the Carter and Wilkinson scoring
      system. Joint hypermobility, defined as a score of 4 out of 9 or greater was
      found in 25.4% of males and 38.5% of females. The presence of joint complaints,
      ligamentous sprains, flat feet, Raynaud's phenomenon, easy bruising, high palate
      and varicose veins correlated well with joint hypermobility and were seen
      significantly more frequently in students scoring 7 out of 9 or more than in
      students scoring 3 out of 9 or less. The right (usually dominant) side was
      significantly less mobile than the left side, whatever the hypermobility score.
      Physique as expressed by body weight and height did not show any relation to
      joint mobility.

PMID- 4063625
TI  - Evaluating self-care activities: comparison of a self-reported questionnaire with
      an occupational therapist interview.
AB  - Accurately evaluating a patient's ability to perform self-care activities is
      important for clinical and research purposes. We compared assessments of self
      care activities obtained from a patient self-administered questionnaire and an
      occupational therapist interview. Forty-five rheumatoid arthritis patients
      admitted to a multidisciplinary rheumatology rehabilitation unit were evaluated
      by both methods for their ability to bathe, dress, perform toileting and general
      hand activities. Patients reported requiring more assistance with self-care
      activities in a self-administered questionnaire than they did in an occupational
      therapist interview. For example, 78% of patients reported requiring no
      assistance with bathing in the therapist's interview, whereas 31% reported no
      assistance on the questionnaire. Patients appear more willing to admit
      difficulties with self-care activities in a self-administered questionnaire than
      in a personal interview.

PMID- 4063626
TI  - Clinically significant vitamin C deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Three elderly rheumatoid patients are described with significant cutaneous
      haemorrhages. All patients were ascorbic-acid deficient, and treatment with
      vitamin C supplements led to resolution of these lesions.

PMID- 4063628
TI  - Behcet's syndrome with myositis and glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Necrotizing myositis and acute proliferative glomerulonephritis is described in a
      patient with Behcet's syndrome. Both of these rare manifestations resolved
      spontaneously while the underlying disease remains active.

PMID- 4063627
TI  - Fenclofenac-induced selective IgA deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - A 35-year-old man with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis developed selective IgA
      deficiency during treatment with fenclofenac. His arthritis remained quiescent
      while taking the drug and following its withdrawal his condition relapsed and his
      serum IgA level returned to normal. This case demonstrates the association of
      selective IgA deficiency with remission in rheumatoid arthritis induced by
      fenclofenac as well as aurothiomalate and sulphasalazine. It also shows severe
      relapse after withdrawal of fenclofenac.

PMID- 4063629
TI  - Rheumatoid nodules developing over amputation stumps.

PMID- 4063630
TI  - Effects of joint lavage on knee synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4063631
TI  - Corticosteroid treatment in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4063632
TI  - Corticosteroid prescribing in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4063633
TI  - Guidelines on the use of living animals in scientific investigations--a
      publication of the Biological Council.

PMID- 4063634
TI  - Distribution of radioactivity after intra-peritoneal administration of 32P
      colloids.

PMID- 4063635
TI  - The cost of X-rays and nuclear medicine investigations.

PMID- 4063636
TI  - Wolfe's mammographic classification and breast cancer risk: the effect of
      misclassification on apparent risk ratios.
AB  - The effect of misclassification of Wolfe's mammographic classifications was
      investigated using data from two radiologists. If there are only two risk groups
      (high and low), the apparent relative risk expected from typical surveys would be
      around 2 or 3, even if the true relative risk is very high. If each of Wolfe's
      four classes has its own risk, the difference between N1 and P1, on the one hand,
      and P2 and DY on the other, would be almost lost due to misclassification.
      Published surveys in which the observed relative risks for the high-risk group
      (P2 and DY) are low are not inconsistent with Wolfe's original finding of a high
      relative risk: misclassification can greatly distort estimates of relative risks.
      If misclassification can be managed by restricting uncertain mammograms to one
      class (or by removing them from the study altogether), the bias can be greatly
      reduced.

PMID- 4063638
TI  - Penetrating injuries: how easy is it to see glass (and plastic) on radiographs?
AB  - The radiopacity of objects commonly associated with penetrating wounds and made
      from modern glass was assessed. It is concluded that all glass fragments should
      be detected because they are all radiopaque. Occasionally thin slivers of glass
      may be difficult to detect, but should be visualised with good radiography and
      careful scrutiny. Plastic from the housing of motor vehicle lamps is not
      radiopaque.

PMID- 4063637
TI  - Factors associated with mammographic pattern.
AB  - Wolfe's criteria were assigned to mammograms of 202 women without breast cancer.
      Parity decreased the frequency of P2 patterns but not DY. P1 and N1 patterns
      apparently increased at the expense of P2 patterns. For every birth, the
      probability that a P2 pattern changed to P1 or N1 was roughly 7 or 8%. This
      effect was not limited to the first pregnancy, but also held for additional
      pregnancies. Low body weight was associated with dysplasia and prominent duct
      patterns. Reported declines of radiographic density with increasing age and/or
      menopause were confirmed. Ethnic group was unrelated to parenchymal pattern.

PMID- 4063639
TI  - Fracture of the cervical spine in ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - The radiological features, clinical findings and mortality rates of patients with
      ankylosing spondylitis complicated by cervical trauma have been reviewed. All
      patients had long-standing disease and half had sustained their fractures as a
      result of trivial accidents. There were 19 cervical fractures in 18 patients,
      which were chalkstick in type and occurred predominantly at the 6th and 7th
      cervical levels. Ten fractures passed through the upper part of the vertebral
      body, one through the mid-vertebral body and the final eight were through the
      disc space. The site of the fracture line was related to neurological outcome.
      Those patients whose fracture line ran through the disc space had significantly
      less neurological injury and a much better prognosis. Distraction at the fracture
      site had some relation to prognosis but horizontal displacement and angulation
      were not found to be of importance. This study confirms that cervical fracture
      with neurological complications may follow minor trauma in ankylosing
      spondylitis. The site of the fracture in relation to the vertebral bodies and
      discs appears to be of some prognostic relevance and careful radiological
      assessment of all patients with ankylosing spondylitis and cervical injury should
      be undertaken.

PMID- 4063640
TI  - Radiation dose received by patients during barium meal investigations under
      automatic brightness control.
AB  - The radiation dose to a group of patients undergoing double-contrast barium meal
      investigations was monitored using lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosemeters
      (TLD). All examinations were performed by the same radiologist in two rooms at
      the same hospital. Both rooms contained equipment with an undercouch
      tube/overcouch image intensifier configuration. The examinations were performed
      at a pre-selected tube potential using automatic brightness control which varied
      the screening current to keep the dose rate at the image intensifier input
      surface constant. It may be deduced from the results that there is a significant
      difference in mean radiation dose between the two rooms. These measurements were
      used to estimate the radiation dose to other organs, such as the testes, ovaries,
      uterus and active bone marrow.

PMID- 4063641
TI  - Technetium-labelled liposome imaging for deep-seated infection.
AB  - Negatively charged phospholipid liposomes were labelled with technetium 99m and
      used as a radioisotopic tracer to detect focal inflammatory lesions in deep
      seated sepsis and rheumatoid arthritis. Patients received an intravenous
      injection of the radiolabelled liposome preparation and were submitted to
      scintigraphy on the following day. Both the human volunteer and patients showed
      uptake in liver and spleen but no radioactivity was observed associated with the
      intestines. Radioactive uptake was visualised in infected prosthetic joints, tubo
      ovarian abscess and osteomyelitis. In a patient with active rheumatoid arthritis
      radioactive uptake was confined to clinically affected joints. The preliminary
      findings suggest potential for technetium labelled liposomes as a diagnostic
      tracer.

PMID- 4063642
TI  - Thermochemotherapy with cis-platinum, CCNU, BCNU, chlorambucil and melphalan on
      murine marrow and two tumours: therapeutic gain for melphalan only.
AB  - The magnitude of potentiation by whole body hyperthermia (45 min at 41 degrees C)
      of cis-platinum (DDP), CCNU, BCNU, chlorambucil and melphalan (Mel) on two
      tumours was compared with that on marrow in C3H mice. Drug damage was assayed in
      the KHT tumour by growth delay and in the RIF-1 tumour by clonogenic cell
      survival 24 h after treatment and/or by growth delay. Toxicity to marrow stem
      cells was assayed 24 h after treatment, by the spleen colony technique. When drug
      was given at the start of heating, all drugs were potentiated both in tumour and
      marrow to varying degrees. However, there was no therapeutic gain for the
      combined treatment with DDP on RIF-1, with CCNU or BCNU on KHT, or with CHL on
      either RIF-1 or KHT. Therapeutic ratios for Mel of 1.9 to 2.0 for KHT and of 1.1
      to 1.8 in RIF-1 were measured over the dose range 7.5 to 15.0 mg/kg in unheated
      animals, indicating net therapeutic gain under these conditions. An absolute
      therapeutic gain was found for Mel in KHT when Mel was given 30 min before the
      start of heat.

PMID- 4063643
TI  - Detection of the effects of low dose ionising irradiation on epidermal function.
AB  - A non-invasive technique for the detection of small doses of X irradiation to the
      skin would be important for improvements in radiation protection. In this
      investigation we have studied the effects of doses of X rays of less than 2.0 Gy
      (suberythemal) on human skin in order to select such a technique. Our results
      indicate that a dose of X rays between 0.5 and 1.0 Gy was sufficient to depress
      significantly epidermal cell production in the basal layer. Accompanying this
      change in epidermal cell production after 1.0 Gy exposure, there was a reduction
      in the rate of desquamation of corneocytes. In the stratum granulosum, changes in
      "non-specific esterase" activity (a marker of lysosomal enzyme release) were also
      observed. Thus at three stages of the keratinisation process, functional
      alterations had occurred within three days of exposure to an X ray dose of 1.0
      Gy. For this reason it seems likely that the various changes were at least
      partially independent of each other and that the stratum corneum may serve as a
      biological dosimeter for the detection of exposure to low doses of ionising
      radiation.

PMID- 4063644
TI  - Pulmonary artery aneurysms in Behcet's disease.

PMID- 4063645
TI  - Complete prolapse of a massive rectal villous adenoma.

PMID- 4063646
TI  - The LD50 for uniform low LET irradiation of man.

PMID- 4063647
TI  - Film-screen combinations in mammography.

PMID- 4063648
TI  - Contrast agent nephrotoxicity. An appraisal.
AB  - Impairment of renal function occasionally occurs following the administration of
      intravascular contrast agents. As a consequence even intravenous urography in the
      investigation of renal failure was until 20 years ago generally considered to be
      contraindicated. In the United Kingdom in recent years this extreme view has been
      rejected and high dose intravenous urography is frequently performed on patients
      in renal failure. Contrast agent nephrotoxicity has not been frequently
      encountered. Experience in the United States, however, has been different, a
      worryingly frequent impairment of renal function after contrast administration
      being reported by several authors. The reason for this different experience is
      unclear but it may be the result of patient selection and preparation or contrast
      dose regime. The United States studies indicate that the patients most at risk
      are those with already impaired renal function, diabetics and the elderly. A
      brief review of the literature is given and a classification of possible
      mechanisms of nephrotoxicity is proposed. It is argued that on the basis of any
      or all of these mechanisms the low osmolality contrast agents would be expected
      to be less nephrotoxic than the conventional agents. This suggests that their use
      should be considered in those patients defined as high risk.

PMID- 4063649
TI  - Nuclear medicine activity in the United Kingdom.
AB  - A survey of the extent of diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine procedures
      in the UK has been conducted, and information collected on the types of imaging
      equipment employed and the typical activities of radiopharmaceuticals
      administered to patients. A total of 380,000 administrations took place in 1982,
      corresponding to approximately 6.8 per thousand head of population. 84% were
      imaging investigations, 13% were non-imaging diagnostic procedures and about 3%
      were for therapy. Bone scans accounted for 25% of all procedures and 99Tcm was
      the radionuclide of choice for 75% of investigations. Gamma cameras are
      superseding rectilinear scanners and most are being purchased together with
      dedicated image processing computers. Their average annual workload is 922
      patients per year. There was considerable variation between the typical
      administered activities reported by different hospitals for the same procedure,
      and in some cases the figures reported exceeded the maximum usual activities
      recommended by the Administration of Radioactive Substances Advisory Committee.

PMID- 4063650
TI  - Detection of small focal lesions in CT images: effects of reconstruction filters
      and visual display windows.
AB  - The detectability of small, high-contrast lesions was measured on CT images,
      simulations of those obtained by the EMI Mark I scanner. Images were
      reconstructed using five reconstruction filters (kernels), which varied the image
      sharpness and noise level. Different sets of images were produced using various
      CT display windows, six different window sizes and four different display level
      settings. The measured lesion detectability for observers increased from 1.6 to
      2.4 as the reconstruction kernel became smoother, and it decreased only slightly
      at the largest display window (1000 CT numbers wide). These effects were
      predicted by changes in the signal-to-noise ratio, as calculated for the lesion
      matched filter applied to each set of physical CT images. This filter computes
      the cross-correlation of the CT image and the lesion profile at the specified
      possible locations for the lesion.

PMID- 4063651
TI  - An endocavitary contact X-ray applicator system for the treatment of rectal
      carcinoma.

PMID- 4063652
TI  - The effect of recovery from potentially lethal damage on the determination of
      repair and repopulation in a murine tumour.
AB  - Repair and repopulation following X irradiation of clamped-off murine anaplastic
      MT tumours was investigated using the established method of (Dn-D1)/(n-1). Repair
      was complete in 4 h, similar in extent to that reported in other tumours, and
      within the range of that reported for normal tissues. Subsequent repopulation
      commenced after 4 days and was equivalent to 1.8 Gy/day recovered dose,
      corresponding to a clonogenic cell number doubling time of 1.8 days. However,
      estimates of repair and repopulation may have been in error because the
      chronically hypoxic cells in this tumour alone have the ability to recover from
      potentially lethal damage (PLD) and so are more radioresistant than cells
      rendered acutely hypoxic by clamping. Because of this, even clamping off tumours
      at irradiation does not render all cell populations equally radioresistant, and
      so reoxygenation between fractions could result in an underestimate of repair and
      repopulation. Further, the differing sensitivity between acutely and chronically
      hypoxic cells renders the apparent OER a function of dose (i.e., oxygen not truly
      dose-modifying to chronically hypoxic cells). Consequently it is incorrect to
      assume a constant OER in order to compare repair in tumours irradiated under
      hypoxic conditions with that in normal tissues irradiated under aerobic
      conditions. It will be argued here that in the case of the present tumour neither
      reoxygenation nor the choice of OER will have qualitatively altered the
      conclusion reached from the conventional method.

PMID- 4063653
TI  - Thermal enhancement of radiation damage in previously irradiated skin.
AB  - The responses of the mouse ear to hyperthermia alone, X rays alone or X rays
      combined with heat were investigated at various times up to one year after prior
      irradiation. The initial X-ray treatments, either a single dose of 17 Gy or 34 Gy
      given as 10 fractions in 11 days, caused the same skin reactions (a small area of
      moist desquamation in a few ears) and had the same effects on the responses to
      subsequent treatments. The response to heat alone was increased at 3-12 months
      after prior irradiation, so that the heating time at 43.5 degrees C required to
      cause necrosis was about 70% of that in age-matched controls. The responses to X
      rays alone were also increased. Prior irradiation, however, had different effects
      on the susceptibilities to develop acute radiodermatitis and late deformity. For
      acute radiodermatitis, the X-ray dose required to obtain a given response in
      previously irradiated ears was about 90% of the dose required in age-matched
      controls. For deformity at 6 months, the dose was about 70%. Prior irradiation
      had the same effects on the responses to X rays given 6 min before mild
      hyperthermia (43.5 degrees C, 15 min) as on those to X rays alone. As a
      consequence, the thermal enhancement ratio (TER), i.e., the dose of X rays
      required alone to cause an effect divided by that required with heat, did not
      depend on previous irradiation. The TER was 1.4 for both acute radiodermatitis
      and late deformity.

PMID- 4063654
TI  - A thermocouple system for continuous thermometry in radiofrequency hyperthermia.

PMID- 4063655
TI  - Postural disimpaction of oesophageal obstruction.

PMID- 4063656
TI  - Spontaneous pneumothorax: an unusual radiological appearance.

PMID- 4063657
TI  - Multiple basal cell carcinomas in two cases of ankylosing spondylitis treated
      with X-ray therapy.

PMID- 4063658
TI  - Myxoglobulosis of the appendix.

PMID- 4063659
TI  - Laryngeal involvement in uncontrolled Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 4063660
TI  - Doses to head and arms of radiologists during fluoroscopy.

PMID- 4063661
TI  - Interpretation of clinical trials.

PMID- 4063662
TI  - Radiobiological studies with a series of human cell lines of varying glutathione
      content.

PMID- 4063663
TI  - Fibroadenolipoma of the breast.
AB  - Fibroadenolipoma is a well recognised but unusual benign tumour of the breast. It
      is a circumscribed lesion composed of fat and other breast tissues which may be
      normal or which may show various benign changes. The presence of smooth muscle
      has been recorded but was not found in our cases. A series of eight cases is
      described, occurring over a period of 10 years in a series of 20 000 mammograms.
      Radiological and pathological correlation is made and histological changes are
      described. Our findings are compared with other reviews in the literature. The
      lesions are usually diagnosed radiologically.

PMID- 4063664
TI  - Repair in mouse lung for up to 20 fractions of X rays or neutrons.
AB  - Local irradiation of the mouse thorax followed by the measurement of lung damage
      up to 17 months after irradiation has been carried out with up to 20 fractions of
      3 MeV neutrons or of 240 kV X rays. Doses per fraction down to 0.28 and 1.5 Gy
      respectively were used. Repair capacity and RBE values were assessed by measuring
      breathing rate and lethality at monthly intervals up to 17 months. Only a small
      sparing of neutron damage was found. Sparing with X rays continued to increase as
      the size of each fraction was decreased, and was the main influence on the RBE
      values. The single-dose RBE was approximately 1.8, increasing to approximately 5
      at the lowest dose per fraction measured. Dose-response curves derived for each
      fraction were well fitted by the formula alpha d + beta d2 where the repair
      parameter alpha/beta has values of 2-4 Gy after X irradiation. A slight fall of
      alpha/beta with time after X irradiation was observed, from about 4 Gy for
      pneumonitis to about 2 Gy for late fibrosis. This was significant for lethality
      but not for the increase of breathing rate. With neutrons the value of alpha was
      much higher than with X rays and a trend of increasing value of alpha at later
      times after irradiation was seen. Use of the linear quadratic dose-response
      formula predicts a continuing increase in the sparing of X-ray damage in lung as
      doses per fraction are decreased below those used here, and a limiting low-dose
      RBE of about 7.

PMID- 4063665
TI  - Clinically derived dose effect relationship for hyperthermia given in combination
      with low dose radiotherapy.
AB  - A group of 36 patients, treated on 44 fields with fractionated treatments of
      local high-frequency induced hyperthermia and radiotherapy to the low total dose
      of 14-25 Gy, was retrospectively evaluated for differences between responders
      (i.e., complete and partial responders) and non-responders. A response rate of
      86% was achieved, comprising 14% (6/44) complete and 73% (32/44) partial
      response. There was an indication that the probability of complete response is
      greater in smaller tumours. The tumour temperatures achieved were higher in the
      responders than in the non-responders. Logistic analysis was performed on the
      mean temperature achieved. This temperature parameter yielded a significant
      positive dose-effect relationship with regard to therapeutic effect, from which a
      50% effective dose of 38.8 degrees C was calculated. The data indicate that to
      obtain the maximum therapeutic effect, i.e., greater than 95% response rate,
      tumour temperatures above 42.5 degrees C need to be achieved.

PMID- 4063666
TI  - The usefulness of a moving grid in mammography.

PMID- 4063667
TI  - A simple brachytherapy technique for early anal carcinoma.

PMID- 4063668
TI  - Radiographic and CT appearance of intraosseous xanthoma mimicking a malignant
      lesion.

PMID- 4063669
TI  - Retractile mesenteritis of the sigmoid colon.

PMID- 4063671
TI  - The interpretation of renogram curves from the dilated renal tract.

PMID- 4063670
TI  - Caecal bariolith: an unusual complication following a barium meal.

PMID- 4063672
TI  - Patient tolerance to sequential administration of Urografin and Hexabrix.

PMID- 4063673
TI  - SeHCAT in the newborn.

PMID- 4063674
TI  - Diagnostic imaging, a "parallel" discipline. Can current technology provide a
      reliable digital diagnostic radiology department?
AB  - Only recently has any detailed criticism been voiced about the practicalities of
      the introduction of generalised, digital, imaging complexes in diagnostic
      radiology. Although attendant technological problems are highlighted we argue
      that the fundamental causes of current difficulties are not in the generation but
      in the processing, filing and subsequent retrieval for display of digital image
      records. In the real world, looking at images is a parallel process of some
      complexity and so it is perhaps untimely to expect versatile handling of vast
      image data bases by existing computer hardware and software which, by their
      current nature, perform tasks serially. Successes in applying new imaging devices
      using digital technology, numerical methods and more easily available computing
      power are directing radiology towards the concept of all-digital departmental
      complexes. Hence a critical discussion of fundamental problems should be
      encouraged, to promote a thorough understanding of what may be involved (Gray et
      al, 1984) in following such a course. It is equally important to gain some
      perspective about the development possibilities for existing, commercially
      available equipment being offered to the medical community.

PMID- 4063675
TI  - The variation of breast parenchymal patterns with age.
AB  - The Wolfe classification of mammographic parenchymal patterns has been applied to
      9036 women attending a Breast Cancer Screening Unit. Overall, two thirds fell
      into high risk categories (P2 and DY). The incidence of DY decreases with age,
      while the low risk categories (N1 and P1) increase with age. P2 remains constant
      over most of the age range. The implications of these findings are discussed and
      comparison is made with other series.

PMID- 4063676
TI  - A set of X-ray test objects for quality control in television fluoroscopy.
AB  - The history of performance testing in Leeds of television fluoroscopic systems is
      briefly outlined. Using the visual, physical and technological requirements as a
      basis, a set of nine test objects for quality control in television fluoroscopy
      is described. The factors measured by the test objects are listed in the
      introduction; the test objects and their function are fully described in the
      remainder of the paper. The test objects, in conjunction with a television
      oscilloscope, give both subjective and objective information about the X-ray
      system. Three of the test objects enable the physicist or engineer to adjust
      certain aspects of the performance of the X-ray system. The set of nine test
      objects is available commercially.

PMID- 4063677
TI  - Photoelectron enhancement of the absorbed dose from X rays to human bone marrow:
      experimental and theoretical studies.
AB  - A technique is described by which lithium fluoride powder is introduced into the
      marrow cavities in specimens of human trabecular bone to determine the excess
      photoelectron dose to marrow, when bone is irradiated by X rays of energies
      between 20 keV and 140 keV. Three specimens of trabecular bone, containing
      respectively 10, 15 and 25% bone by volume, were investigated and the results
      compared with those derived on the basis of earlier calculations for mono
      energetic electrons by Whitwell. Reasonable agreement was found between the
      experimental and theoretical results, although there was some indication that
      scatter influenced the practical measurements at the higher photon energies.
      Theoretical calculations are then used to derive photoelectron dose enhancements
      for complete bones from the measured results on the bone specimens, and mean
      enhancements of the marrow dose for the whole human skeleton are calculated for
      subjects aged 44, 9 and 1.7 years.

PMID- 4063678
TI  - Oxygen radiosensitisation at low dose rate.
AB  - Oxygen radiosensitisation has been studied at dose rates of 600, 3.37 and 0.89
      Gy/h at pO2 levels of 0.001, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10 and 21% in the gas phase.
      The oxygen enhancement ratio (OER), evaluated at 2% cellular survival, exhibited
      a decrease with dose rate from a value of 3.2 at the acute dose rate, to 2.4 at
      the lowest dose rate. This observation results from a decreased dose-rate effect
      on hypoxic cells, which is attributed to the partial suppression of sublethal
      damage (SLD) repair under hypoxic conditions. Oxygen radiosensitisation at the
      acute dose rate agrees with the calculated values based on the oxygen fixation
      hypothesis. Direct application of the Howard-Flanders and Moore equation to
      results obtained at low dose rate is not appropriate due to the influence of pO2
      on SLD repair which affects radiosensitivity at low dose rate. When cells are
      irradiated at 3.37 Gy/h under nutrient-deprived condition (i.e. in Hanks balanced
      salt solution without glucose), low levels of oxygen appear to be more
      radioprotective than extreme hypoxia. Specifically, cells irradiated with 0.03%
      and 0.1% O2 are more radioresistant than cells under N2, with enhancement factors
      of 0.7 and 0.8, respectively. This phenomenon can be understood in terms of the
      ability of moderately hypoxic cells (0.03%-0.1% O2), and inability of anoxic
      cells, to repair SLD under nutrient deprived conditions. Radiosensitisation by
      these low levels of oxygen is insufficient to offset the difference caused by the
      disparate SLD repair capabilities.

PMID- 4063679
TI  - Patient absorbed dose for Philips Tomoscan 300 CT scanner.

PMID- 4063680
TI  - Boomerang dysplasia.

PMID- 4063681
TI  - Some observations on skin and organ doses during X-ray fluoroscopic examinations.

PMID- 4063682
TI  - Glutathione and misonidazole: independent or interactive mechanisms of action?

PMID- 4063683
TI  - Glutathione depletion and misonidazole efficiency.

PMID- 4063684
TI  - Radiobiological studies on a series of human cell lines of varying glutathione
      content.

PMID- 4063685
TI  - Vestibulo-cochlear symptoms after myelography.

PMID- 4063686
TI  - Misleading urine tests after Hexabrix IVU.

PMID- 4063687
TI  - Reducing noise-induced discomfort in NMR imaging.

PMID- 4063688
TI  - A device for the female urinary outflow tract.

PMID- 4063689
TI  - Comparison of barium and diatrizoate bowel labelling agents in computed
      tomography.
AB  - A new suspension of barium sulphate, E-Z-CAT, for use as a bowel labelling agent
      in computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis, has been compared with
      diatrizoate (Gastrografin) in 111 patients. The E-Z-CAT labelled the duodenum
      more efficiently and patients preferred its taste. Both substances are
      satisfactory bowel-labelling agents.

PMID- 4063690
TI  - The use of endoscopic retrograde choledocho pancreatography (ERCP) in the
      diagnosis of internal fistulae complicating severe acute pancreatitis.
AB  - Three patients are presented in whom internal pancreatic fistulae were accurately
      demonstrated by ERCP. It is recommended that this procedure be considered in the
      investigation of patients with continuing acute pancreatitis who are not settling
      on standard conservative treatment and in whom internal fistula formation is
      suspected. The procedure should also be considered in patients who present with
      unusual respiratory symptoms or with amylase-rich effusions.

PMID- 4063691
TI  - The role of CT in the staging and radiotherapy planning of prostatic tumours.
AB  - Fifty patients with proven carcinoma of the prostate have been evaluated with CT.
      The CT studies were carried out for staging and radiotherapy planning and the
      findings compared with rectal examination and lymphography. CT provided useful
      additional information to that obtained by rectal examination in 40% of patients
      and these findings had important implications for radiotherapy planning. There
      was good correlation between CT and lymphography in the assessment of pelvic
      lymph node involvement.

PMID- 4063692
TI  - Comparison of Heyman packing and Cathetron afterloading methods in the treatment
      of endometrial cancer.
AB  - The five-year survival and the complication rate were evaluated in 307 patients
      with endometrial carcinoma treated from 1966 to 1977. The distribution of the
      patients into clinical stages I, II, III and IV was 68.7, 20.8, 6.5 and 3.9%,
      respectively. In stage I 87.2% and in stage II 67.2% of the patients were
      operated on. All patients received oral medroxyprogesterone acetate for two
      years, and all patients with stage I or II disease were also irradiated, mostly
      intracavitary before operation. The crude 5-year survival in the total material
      was 72.0%, and for clinical stages I, II, III and IV 83.8, 54.7, 40.0 and 8.3%,
      respectively. 167 patients in stage I received intracavitary irradiation, 86
      using the Heyman packing method and 81 using the Cathetron after-loading
      technique. The corresponding figures for 54 patients in stage II were 38 and 16.
      In clinical stage I the crude (83.9% and 84.2%, respectively) and corrected (92.9
      and 88.9%, respectively) 5-year survivals were similar in the Heyman and
      Cathetron groups. In stage II better results were obtained using the Cathetron
      technique (crude 75.0 vs. 42.1%) but in the corrected material, excluding the
      unoperated cases, there was no significant difference (81.3 vs. 74.4%,
      respectively). Serious late complications requiring surgical correction were less
      common in the Cathetron group (2.9% vs. 11.1%; p less than 0.05). The
      intracavitary irradiation of endometrial carcinoma can thus be well accomplished
      by remote afterloading technique.

PMID- 4063693
TI  - The tumour bed effect: a cell kinetic and histological investigation of tumours
      growing in irradiated mouse skin.
AB  - Most tumours grow more slowly when implanted into pre-irradiated sites--the
      tumour bed effect (TBE). The TBE is usually assayed by measuring the delay for
      tumours growing in irradiated sites compared with that for tumours growing in
      mock-irradiated sites to reach a certain arbitrary, externally-measured volume.
      The resulting X-ray dose-response curves for the TBE are generally S-shaped, with
      little effect up to doses of 5 Gy, a dose-dependent effect between 5 and 20 Gy
      and a plateau at higher doses. In this study such a dose-dependent TBE was
      demonstrated for two contrasting transplantable tumours (a rapidly growing
      mammary adeno-carcinoma and the RIF-1 fibrosarcoma) growing in the flank skin of
      C3H/He mice. Cell kinetic and histological methods were used to investigate the
      mechanism of the reduced tumour growth rate in irradiated sites. By combining
      information from tumour growth curves and metaphase-arrest lines, tumour cell
      birth and cell loss rates were estimated. In addition the necrotic and viable
      fractions of tissue were measured by means of Chalkley point counting. In both
      tumours, marked increases in cell loss rate and degree of necrosis were found to
      be dependent on the dose of X rays previously given to the stroma. Surprisingly,
      cell birth rate and mitotic index were significantly increased in mammary tumours
      growing in irradiated sites. The estimation of viable, as opposed to external,
      volume of tumours growing in sites which had received between 0 and 60 Gy X rays
      suggested that the conventional TBE assay method may underestimate the extent of
      the TBE and may distort the shape of the TBE dose response curve.

PMID- 4063694
TI  - Dose levels outside radiotherapy beams.

PMID- 4063695
TI  - PTFE as a source guide in iridium-192 breast implants.

PMID- 4063696
TI  - Mammographic appearance and histopathological description of a muscular hamartoma
      of the breast.

PMID- 4063697
TI  - Bone healing misdiagnosed as recurrent osteoid osteoma.

PMID- 4063698
TI  - An unusual scapular fracture caused by a water skiing accident.

PMID- 4063699
TI  - Abdominal cystic lymphangiomatosis: report of a case and review of the
      literature.

PMID- 4063700
TI  - Multiple metallic mercury emboli.

PMID- 4063701
TI  - Neuroblastoma imaged with 123I meta-iodo-benzylguanidine and with 123I-labelled
      monoclonal antibody, UJ13A, against neural tissue.

PMID- 4063702
TI  - Malignant astrocytoma following radiotherapy for craniopharyngioma.

PMID- 4063703
TI  - An efficient apparatus for knee arthrography.

PMID- 4063704
TI  - Calculation of patient skin dose from diagnostic X-ray procedures.

PMID- 4063705
TI  - The shape of dose-response curves for KHT sarcoma cells.

PMID- 4063706
TI  - Barrett oesophagus: analysis of 19 cases.
AB  - This article reviews our experience with 19 cases of Barrett oesophagus.
      Radiological findings included hiatus hernia, gastro-oesophageal reflux,
      strictures and oesophagitis. The strictures were most commonly distal. The
      recently described lace-like reticular pattern of the mucosa was noted in one
      case of the 15 who had air-contrast views. It was associated with an adjacent
      stricture. The low incidence of this radiological finding emphasises that Barrett
      oesophagus is a histological diagnosis. Six patients had only the non-specific
      and common radiological findings of reflux with or without hiatus hernia and one
      patient had a normal examination. These seven cases demonstrate the lack of
      suggestive radiological findings in some patients.

PMID- 4063707
TI  - CT detection of necrotising enterocolitis.
AB  - Necrotising enterocolitis may occur as a complication of granulocytopenia of any
      aetiology. The clinical presentation may be non-specific and the diagnosis
      therefore depends heavily on radiographic findings, particularly changes seen by
      CT. In immune-compromised patients being investigated for possible abdominal
      sources of fever, CT may be particularly helpful in elucidating bowel sources of
      infection. Two cases of necrotising enterocolitis demonstrated by CT are
      presented. The two cases were in immune-compromised patients with malignant
      disorders who presented with fever. The CT findings of this disorder are
      presented.

PMID- 4063708
TI  - Intrahepatic bile duct dilatation shown by computed tomography--predilection for
      the left lobe?
AB  - Dilated biliary duct radicles were most obvious within the left lobe of the liver
      in 30 out of 42 patients with obstructive jaundice in whom intrahepatic duct
      dilatation was satisfactorily demonstrated by computed tomography. In 19 of these
      30 patients the level of obstruction was at the lower end of the common bile
      duct. Recognition of this finding may prevent the erroneous diagnosis of
      intrahepatic or multiple obstructing lesions.

PMID- 4063709
TI  - Solitary renal hamartoma not associated with tuberous sclerosis: roles of CT and
      angiography.
AB  - CT and angiography of five solitary renal hamartomas not associated with tuberous
      sclerosis are reviewed. CT revealed fat in four hamartomas and was the more
      reliable in the differentiation from renal cancer. Bleeding from the tumour was
      detected in two cases and the extent of each haematoma was precisely determined
      by CT. Angiography showed specific findings in only one tumour. In a pararenal
      hamartoma, angiography was of value in clarifying the renal origin of the tumour.
      Though angiography may be of help when CT is inconclusive, we think it should not
      be relied upon as a major diagnostic tool and we utilise it mainly for
      preoperative mapping and embolisation. In one case CT did not detect fat and
      preoperative diagnosis was impossible. In one case with haematoma, detection of
      fat was difficult. We believe potential hamartomas with no detectable fat should
      be treated as malignancy until proved otherwise. There seems to be discrepancy
      between the vascularity of the hamartoma and the degree of contrast enhancement
      (CE) with a bolus injection method; hamartomas seem to show weaker CE than that
      expected for renal cancer of equal vascularity, a fact which may differentiate
      solitary hamartoma from cancer.

PMID- 4063710
TI  - Gallbladder visualisation following paediatric cardioangiography with Hexabrix.
AB  - Fifty children had an upper abdominal radiograph performed 24 hours after
      cardioangiography with Hexabrix (meglumine/sodium ioxaglate). The gallbladder was
      clearly visualised in 32 patients (64%) in the absence of clinical or
      radiographic evidence of renal impairment. Total contrast dose would appear to be
      the main determining factor. Hexabrix differs significantly in this respect from
      conventional uro-angiographic contrast media (diatrizoate and iothalamate) in
      which opacification of the gallbladder is unusual and strongly associated with
      renal impairment. Possible reasons for this difference are discussed.

PMID- 4063711
TI  - The application of the linear-quadratic dose-effect equation to fractionated and
      protracted radiotherapy.
AB  - The linear-quadratic (LQ) dose-effect formalism is currently providing new
      perspectives into the ways in which alterations in the dose per fraction in
      conventional radiotherapy may be used to bring about improved results with
      respect to early or late normal tissue reactions. In this paper, using a model
      initially developed by Roesch, the LQ equations are explored further in terms of
      dose-rate rather than dose. By the incorporation of one other parameter, mu,
      which relates to the rate of repair of sub-lethal radiation damage, a more
      general formalism is obtained. In particular, equations are derived which can be
      used to examine the relative effectiveness of different treatment regimes,
      including those involving decaying sources. Such equations are of wider
      applicability than other LQ derivations which relate only to dose-response
      relationships. The extended equations, which are fully consistent with the
      existing LQ method, are also shown to lead directly to other independently
      established, relationships for protracted irradiation. The nature of the link
      between high and low dose-rate treatments is discussed, and some worked examples
      provide indications of how the new equations may be used to assess further the
      potential clinical benefits of low dose-rate treatments and permanent implants.

PMID- 4063712
TI  - Physical aspects of interstitial therapy using flexible iridium-192 wire.
AB  - A semi-automated procedure for the calculation of point doses and isodose
      distributions for a curved multi-wire implant is described. A dose optimisation
      method has been developed for producing acceptable dose distributions from non
      ideal implants and the dosimetry of such implants is discussed. Source
      preparation, handling and stock control methods are described which facilitate
      the re-use of the encapsulated wire with consequent benefits in the reduction of
      staff radiation exposure and the costs of treatment.

PMID- 4063713
TI  - A device for interstitial therapy of low pelvic tumours--the Hammersmith perineal
      hedgehog.
AB  - The freehand production of accurate volume or multiplane implants for
      interstitial therapy is difficult. The size of tumour that may be treated in this
      fashion is therefore limited. A solution to this problem is to use a perspex
      template to guide the implant and maintain its configuration during treatment. We
      describe our experience using such a template (the Syed-Neblett template) in
      treating pelvic tumours. The device has been adapted for use with the iridium
      wire available in the UK. Two new templates have been designed which are more
      versatile for treating tumours in this area. Ten patients have been treated and
      with appropriate analgesia, antibiotic cover and nursing care the implant was
      well tolerated.

PMID- 4063714
TI  - A comparison of water equivalent thickness measurements: CT method vs. heavy ion
      beam technique.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate existing X-ray CT methods for
      determining water-equivalent path length from body surface to a tumour site. In
      the method, the CT numbers are used to obtain linear attenuation coefficients
      which provide a measure of the electron density. These numbers are averaged over
      the energy spectrum of the diagnostic X-ray beam and other parameters which have
      a dependence on energy. From range measurements with heavy charged particles, it
      is also possible to obtain an independent and direct measure of electron density
      along the beam path. In the results reported here, the beam path electron density
      or water-equivalent path length was measured with charged particle beams, using
      radiation sensitive diodes as target markers. To minimise error which would be
      introduced by motion of the target volume, a frozen dog cadaver was used.
      Comparison was made between the water-equivalent path length measured with high
      energy particle beams, and the water-equivalent path length estimated from an X
      ray CT image of the same target volume by the methods presently used in charged
      particle therapy (Chen et al. 1979). There was good agreement between the values
      determined directly with neon or helium ion beams, but when these values were
      compared with estimated path lengths derived from X-ray CT data, it was observed
      that the CT range could be in error by as much as 11% for adverse conditions of
      marked inhomogeneity and the presence of high atomic number bone. Under the best
      conditions of moderate inhomogeneity and absence of bone, the derived CT range
      values agreed reasonably well with the direct measurements.

PMID- 4063715
TI  - 'Paris' technique implant dosimetry tables for 0.3 and 0.6 mm diameter 192Ir
      wire.

PMID- 4063716
TI  - A micro-computer system for the measurement and management of film badges and the
      maintenance of staff records.

PMID- 4063717
TI  - Long-term performance of linear accelerators.

PMID- 4063718
TI  - Retrograde jejuno-duodeno-gastric intussusception.

PMID- 4063720
TI  - Necrosis of the humeral head following postoperative supervoltage irradiation and
      chemotherapy in carcinoma of the breast.

PMID- 4063719
TI  - Aphthoid ulcers in colonic tuberculosis.

PMID- 4063722
TI  - Bone marrow suppression caused by whole body electron therapy for mycosis
      fungoides.

PMID- 4063723
TI  - High resolution fluorographic imaging (?).

PMID- 4063721
TI  - Osteoblastic metastases from thyroid carcinoma.

PMID- 4063724
TI  - Non-metallic foreign bodies.

PMID- 4063725
TI  - Effect of contrast agents on the lung.

PMID- 4063726
TI  - RBE in radiotherapy with fast neutron beams.

PMID- 4063727
TI  - Costing a "life" in radiation protection.

PMID- 4063728
TI  - Are there valid reasons for using anti-muscarinic drugs in the management of
      renal colic?
AB  - Experiments have been carried out with isolated ring preparations of human
      ureter. The tissue displayed spontaneous activity and contracted when exposed to
      barium chloride (0.5-4 mM) but no responses were obtained with carbachol (0.1
      micromolar-0.1 mM). This raises questions about the value of treating ureteric
      colic with anti-muscarinic drugs.

PMID- 4063729
TI  - Comparison of urinary oxalate excretion in urolithiasis patients with and without
      hypercalciuria.
AB  - The relationships between urinary oxalate, calcium and magnesium were
      investigated in 81 patients with idiopathic calcium oxalate urolithiasis on their
      regular diets. A significant relationship was established between calcium and
      oxalate excretion in the analysis of recurrent stone-formers (n = 44, P less than
      0.01), though there was no significant difference between the two in the analysis
      of the patients overall or in single stone-formers. This suggests that recurrent
      stone-formers may have some abnormality of oxalate absorption in relation to
      calcium absorption. The role of calcium-oxalate interaction in the gut as a cause
      of mild hyperoxaluria is discussed.

PMID- 4063730
TI  - Rapid ward assessment of renal function by reflectance photometric determination
      of plasma creatinine.
AB  - The Ames Seralyzer reflectance photometer and disposable reagent strips for the
      determination of plasma creatinine were evaluated in the laboratory and on a
      urology ward over a 3-month period. Principles of the instrument used are
      described, as are details of the evaluation procedures. Reproducibility of
      results under optimum conditions gave coefficients of variation less than 7%.
      Under routine conditions of use, medical staff and laboratory analysts achieved
      high correlation with the routine laboratory method of analysis (r = 0.986, N =
      108: r = 0.996, N = 102 respectively). Potential sources of inaccuracy were
      identified. Seralyzer determination of plasma creatinine can be rapidly, simply
      and reliably performed by medical staff on a urology ward, thereby facilitating
      assessment of renal function governed by clinical requirement rather than by
      laboratory convenience.

PMID- 4063731
TI  - Comparison of dynamic computed tomography, diuresis renography and DTPA
      parenchymal transit time in the assessment of dilatation of the upper urinary
      tract.
AB  - Three methods of assessment of upper urinary tract dilatation were compared
      prospectively. Forty-eight dilated renal units (35 patients) were studied, the
      majority being idiopathic pelvic hydronephrosis (69%). Dynamic computed
      tomography (CT) involves rapid sequence CT after injection of contrast medium.
      The maximum enhancement of a medullary region of interest (MMR) and its rate of
      enhancement (SMS) were derived from dynamic CT. Dynamic CT was compared with
      diuresis probe renography and measurement of parenchymal transit time (PTT) from
      DTPA imaging. The MMR (70.1 +/- 10.6 HU) and SMS (2.0 +/- 0.5 HU/s) in controls
      were significantly greater than in patients with upper tract dilatation (52.8 +/-
      18.5 and 1.43 +/- 0.85 HU/s; both P less than 0.001). A significant association
      was observed between impairment of renal function in patients with upper tract
      dilatation and a low SMS and MMR (P less than 0.01). Statistically significant
      agreement was observed between the results of diuresis renography and PTT (P less
      than 0.025). However, no significant agreement was found when the results of
      dynamic CT were compared with either diuresis renography or with PTT. Dynamic CT
      as performed in the present study has no useful contribution to make in the
      diagnosis of patients with dilatation of the upper urinary tract.

PMID- 4063732
TI  - The role of the ileal conduit in the development of upper tract dilatation.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of the conduit in the
      development of upper tract dilatation after ileal conduit urinary diversion.
      Twenty-seven patients with a normal upper tract were compared with 17 who had
      developed upper tract dilatation. Patients were studied by means of a technique
      to measure pressure and flow under "steady-state" conditions. Pressure activity
      was classified into two types. Type I pressure activity (frequency 6.2 +/- 3/min;
      amplitude 4.7 +/- 3 cm H2O) resulted in to-and-fro movement of contrast and the
      escape into the appliance of small volumes of contrast. In controls, most of the
      output from the conduit occurred during type I activity (73 +/- 14%). Type III/IV
      pressure activity resulted in vigorous aboral peristalsis and occurred
      infrequently in controls (frequency 5 +/- 4/h). In patients with upper tract
      dilatation, in contrast, type III/IV peristaltic activity occurred frequently
      (frequency 37 +/- 30/h; P less than 0.001: amplitude 72 +/- 34 cm H2O) and was
      responsible for most of the output (70 +/- 17%; P less than 0.001). The findings
      support the hypothesis that high pressure activity in the conduit is an important
      factor in the aetiology of upper tract dilatation, and they are compatible with
      the presence in such patients of functionally important obstructions of the
      distal conduit.

PMID- 4063733
TI  - Morphological and morphometric studies of the human obstructed, trabeculated
      urinary bladder.
AB  - As part of an ongoing study on trabeculation of the human urinary bladder,
      morphological and morphometric techniques have been employed on biopsy samples of
      detrusor muscle removed from control and urodynamically obstructed patients. In
      control material the mean profile area, profile diameter and nucleated profile
      percentage of bladder smooth muscle cells were determined. The values of the same
      parameters were obtained for smooth muscle cells in samples from urodynamically
      obstructed and endoscopically trabeculated patients. Comparison of the results
      obtained from the two groups showed that smooth muscle cells undergo compensatory
      hypertrophy in response to outflow obstruction. Furthermore, connective tissue
      infiltration of detrusor muscle bundles is a characteristic of those bladders
      which possess cells showing the largest increase in cell size.

PMID- 4063734
TI  - Exfoliative cytology after transurethral resection of superficial bladder
      tumours.
AB  - Fifty-one patients with predominantly superficial bladder tumours underwent
      prospective cytological examination at predetermined intervals following surgery
      in order to evaluate the prognostic reliability of bladder irrigation cytology.
      The results suggest that positive cytology 3 days after radical transurethral
      resection is a reliable indicator of incomplete resection or additional occult
      tumour foci. The implications for post-operative management and follow-up are
      discussed.

PMID- 4063735
TI  - Urethral dysplasia and bladder cancer in cystectomy specimens.
AB  - Sixty-five patients had a cystectomy for a solitary bladder tumour (28) or
      multifocal lesions (37). The histological extent of the disease within the
      bladder was correlated with mucosal abnormalities within the urethra. The
      presence of multifocal or solitary bladder disease was not an accurate predictor
      of the presence or absence of urethral dysplasia. Details of mortality and
      morbidity associated with one-stage cysto-urethrectomy are presented and it is
      concluded that irrespective of whether the bladder contains a solitary or
      multifocal tumour, complete cysto-urethrectomy should be considered as the
      treatment of choice whenever cystectomy for attempted cure is indicated.

PMID- 4063736
TI  - A comparative study of various electrodes in electromyography of the striated
      urethral and anal sphincter in children.
AB  - The series comprised 41 children aged 6 to 14 years consecutively referred with
      recurrent urinary tract infection and/or enuresis. Carbon dioxide cystometry was
      carried out in the supine and the erect position and combined with simultaneous
      electromyography (EMG). The external urethral sphincter was examined with a ring
      electrode mounted on a urethral catheter, while recordings from the striated anal
      sphincter were based on an anal plug electrode and perianal electrocardiographic
      (ECG) skin electrodes: 211 EMG and cystometric examinations were performed and
      all three methods gave satisfactory results. Correlation between them was good,
      as was reproducibility. Perianal surface ECG electrodes are recommended for the
      evaluation of functional disturbances of the external sphincter. They are
      painless, easy to use, and are well tolerated by the patient.

PMID- 4063737
TI  - The management of early stage non-seminomatous germ cell tumours of the testis:
      Edinburgh 1970-1981.
AB  - This study describes the management of early stage non-seminomatous germ cell
      tumours of the testis in Edinburgh between 1970 and 1981. There were 69 patients
      in clinical Stage I and 22 patients in clinical Stage IIA. All were treated by
      orchiectomy and radiotherapy to the para-aortic nodes. Some of the patients with
      Stage IIA disease received additional therapy. The overall 5-year actuarial
      survival rate was 83%. In a group of 52 patients with Stage I disease who had had
      lymphography as part of their initial staging the 5-year actuarial survival rate
      was 94.2%. The overall relapse rate was 27/91 (29.7%). The relapse rate in State
      IIA disease was 11/22 (50%) and the 5-year actuarial survival rate was 64%.
      Patients with primary tumours beyond T1 had a significantly higher relapse rate
      than patients with T1 primary tumours: 10/20 (50%) and 13/52 (25%) respectively.
      The histology of the primary tumour did not have a statistically significant
      influence upon relapse rate.

PMID- 4063738
TI  - The fibrous skeleton of the corpora cavernosa and its probable function in the
      mechanism of erection.
AB  - The corpora cavernosa contain a fibrous skeleton composed of tunica albuginea
      with its fibrous columns, periarterial and perineural fibrous sheaths, and an
      intraparenchymal fibrous framework attached to all fibrous elements of the
      corpora cavernosa. This anatomical arrangement probably plays an important part
      in the firmness of the corpora cavernosa during erection. The fibrous framework,
      due to its numerous attachments to the deep surface of the tunica albuginea and
      its columns, when stretched during erection, prevents bending and deformation of
      the corpora cavernosa.

PMID- 4063739
TI  - Cystitis emphysematosa.

PMID- 4063740
TI  - Carcinoma of the prostate presenting with massive pleural effusion and elevated
      pleural acid phosphatase.

PMID- 4063741
TI  - Malignant lymphoma of the ureter.

PMID- 4063742
TI  - Successful reconstruction following circumcision with diathermy.

PMID- 4063743
TI  - Fibrosarcoma of the penis: recurrence 7 years after local excision.

PMID- 4063744
TI  - Acute renal failure secondary to fishing line.

PMID- 4063745
TI  - Renal arteriovenous fistula following nephrectomy.

PMID- 4063746
TI  - Primary melanoma of the urinary bladder presenting with intracerebral metastases.

PMID- 4063747
TI  - Entangled urinary catheters--prevention of a "knotty" problem.

PMID- 4063748
TI  - Steerable guide-wire for insertion of ureteric stent into tortuous ureter.

PMID- 4063749
TI  - Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms.

PMID- 4063750
TI  - Sphincter of Oddi motility disorders in patients with idiopathic recurrent
      pancreatitis.
AB  - Motor disorders of the sphincter of Oddi (SO) may play a role in the pathogenesis
      of idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis. We have compared manometric records from
      the SO in 28 patients with idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis with those from 10
      control subjects. Patients with idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis had presented
      with episodes of upper abdominal pain associated with abnormal serum levels of
      amylase on at least two occasions, in the absence of alcohol abuse and biliary
      disease. Retrograde pancreatography was either normal or showed only minor
      changes in pancreatic ducts. A triple lumen low compliance manometric system was
      used to obtain a 5 min recording of spontaneous SO motor activity. From this
      recording were determined the SO basal pressure, SO phasic contraction amplitude,
      SO wave frequency and direction of wave propagation. The SO response to
      intravenous cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-OP) 20 ng/kg was then recorded for
      at least 3 min. Twenty-five of the twenty-eight patients demonstrated one or more
      manometric abnormality when compared with data from the ten controls. The most
      frequent abnormality was an elevated SO basal pressure in 16 patients. In
      addition, excess of retrograde contractions in nine patients, high frequency of
      SO phasic contractions in nine patients, absence of phasic contractions in three
      patients, and paradoxical response to CCK-OP administration in two patients were
      recorded. This study has demonstrated a spectrum of sphincter of Oddi manometric
      disorders in patients with idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis and suggests that
      motility disorders of the sphincter of Oddi may be associated with episodes of
      pancreatitis.

PMID- 4063751
TI  - Pre-operative staging of rectal neoplasm and its impact on clinical management.
AB  - A sophisticated staging technique (extended staging, ES) employing modern
      technology has been compared prospectively with conventional clinical assessment
      (initial staging, IS) in 45 patients with low rectal carcinoma (less than 12 cm
      from the anal verge) to determine its potential merit and its impact on clinical
      management. ES consisted of computerized tomography of liver and pelvis,
      ultrasound scan of liver, measurement of serum concentrations of carcinoembryonic
      antigen (CEA) and acute phase reactant proteins and multiple superficial and deep
      biopsies to determine not only the histological grade of the tumour but also its
      DNA cellular content as measured by flow cytometry. ES proved statistically
      superior to IS in the assessment of local spread and dissemination. Although
      histological grade proved to be more accurate on ES than IS this was only true
      when one specialist pathologist interpreted the slides. When several pathologists
      were involved interobserver variation made interpretation unreliable. Assessment
      of DNA content using flow cytometry, being quantitative, was more accurate and
      perhaps should be used in the future as a prognostic indicator. The improved
      accuracy of ES would have altered both pre- and intra-operative clinical
      decisions. It would have prevented some patients receiving inappropriate adjuvant
      therapy as well as selecting patients more accurately for the correct treatment.

PMID- 4063753
TI  - Rectal lymphoma in radiation injured bowel.

PMID- 4063752
TI  - Correlation of clinical and manometric abnormalities of rectal function following
      chronic radiation injury.
AB  - Continuous fluid-inflation proctometrograms were performed in men with the
      symptoms of chronic radiation proctitis and in age and sex-matched control
      subjects (n = 10). Rectal volumes and compliance were measured. There was a
      significant reduction in the rectal volumes at sensory threshold, constant
      sensation and maximal tolerance and in rectal compliance (P less than 0.01).
      Comparable pressure measurements did not demonstrate significant differences. The
      maximum tolerable volume, symptomatic and sigmoidoscopic scoring correlated to
      rectal compliance (r = 0.77, -0.8, -0.73; P less than 0.01, less than 0.01, less
      than 0.02, respectively). Reduction in volume and compliance is often not obvious
      radiologically. Histological evidence suggests that smooth muscle hypertrophy and
      myenteric plexus damage are contributory.

PMID- 4063754
TI  - The 'omental hitch' for the prevention of obstruction to peritoneal dialysis
      catheters.

PMID- 4063755
TI  - The management of colon injuries by primary repair or colostomy.
AB  - This retrospective study comprises 134 cases of penetrating colon injuries. In 92
      cases the injury involved the left colon and in the remaining 42 the right colon.
      Death due to the colonic injury occurred in 1.5 per cent and the incidence of
      abdominal complications was 17.9 per cent. Patients treated by primary repair of
      the colon had less colon-related complications and a shorter hospital stay than
      patients treated by colostomy. Left and right colon injuries treated by primary
      repair had similar complication rates and hospital stay (P greater than 0.05). We
      believe that primary repair can safely be performed more frequently than is
      generally accepted. The site of colon injury, the presence of shock and the
      presence of multiple associated intra-abdominal injuries do not exclude primary
      repair. It is suggested that colostomy should be reserved for both left and right
      colon injuries with gross peritoneal contamination, extensive colonic damage, and
      large amount of hard faeces in the colon.

PMID- 4063756
TI  - The staple gun head sizers: an alternative use.

PMID- 4063757
TI  - Adult Hirschsprung's disease: results of the Duhamel procedure.
AB  - Hirschsprung's disease is a rare condition in the adult. The case reports of 39
      patients managed by the Duhamel procedure were reviewed. One-third of the
      patients underwent at least one abdominal surgical procedure before the correct
      diagnosis was made. The operative mortality of the Duhamel procedure was zero. In
      29 patients no defunctioning procedure was used to protect the anastomosis. The
      incidence of anastomotic dehiscence was 13 per cent. Thirty-six of the thirty
      nine patients have excellent functional results.

PMID- 4063758
TI  - Assessment of myocardial function before aortic surgery by radionuclide
      angiocardiography.
AB  - A consecutive series of 41 patients undergoing elective aortic surgery had pre
      operative assessment of cardiac function by radionuclide angiocardiography. Their
      subsequent progress was monitored. There were 4 patients whose pre-operative left
      ventricular ejection fraction was less than 30 per cent and 3 of these patients
      died of cardiac failure postoperatively. There was only 1 death from cardiac
      failure amongst the 37 patients whose pre-operative left ventricular ejection
      fraction was less than 30 per cent. Radionuclide angiocardiography is an accurate
      indicator of myocardial function of patients before major aortic surgery.

PMID- 4063759
TI  - Noninvasive technique using thallium-201 for predicting ischaemic ulcer healing
      of the foot.
AB  - A post-stress imaging study utilizing single intravenous doses of thallium-201
      was performed on feet with trophic skin lesions. Forty-two ischaemic ulcers were
      classified into four basic types according to the presence and degree of the
      inherent inflammatory response of the ulcer in both the initial and delayed
      distributions. Both the relationship between ulcer type and prognosis and the
      effects of therapy within ulcer type were assessed. The results suggest that
      ulcers of Type I or Type II heal in response to conservative treatment, while
      ulcers of Type III, although undergoing healing, require surgical treatment to
      prevent a protracted hospitalization. In Type IV ulcers, healing is not to be
      expected at all with conservative therapy; therefore an early decision of
      amputation may be necessary if surgical measures are not indicated. The technique
      reported may be helpful not only in the prediction of spontaneous ulcer healing
      but also in the selection of appropriate treatment.

PMID- 4063760
TI  - The fate of polytetrafluoroethylene grafts in lower limb bypass surgery: a six
      year follow-up.
AB  - The success of lower limb bypass surgery depends, in the major part, on the
      availability of autologous saphenous vein as the most satisfactory arterial
      substitute known to date. Although various prosthetic conduits, used in the
      absence of saphenous vein, have shown promising success on short term follow-up,
      more long-term comparative data are required for adequate assessment. This study
      analyses, by life table method, the results of 134 infra-inguinal bypass grafts
      using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) over a 6 year period. The results reconfirm
      the superior long-term patency of vein bypasses compared with such prosthetic
      grafts. Analysis suggests that, while PTFE may give acceptable results in the
      immediate and short-term follow-up period, 6 year patencies approach 20-30 per
      cent.

PMID- 4063761
TI  - Abdominal aortic aneurysm in Chinese patients.
AB  - From 1975 to 1983, 120 Chinese patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm
      were seen, 72 of whom underwent aneurysmectomy; 45 were performed electively and
      27 as emergencies. The operative mortality in the former was 4.4 per cent and the
      latter 33.3 per cent. All 27 patients who presented with rupture were operated
      on. However, only 45 of 93 patients (48.4 per cent) with intact aneurysm
      underwent surgery; the remainder were either unwilling (35) or unfit (13). Peptic
      ulcer disease was noted in 26.4 per cent of patients.

PMID- 4063762
TI  - Facial paralysis in parotitis.

PMID- 4063764
TI  - Operation for recurrent saphenofemoral incompetence using a medial approach to
      the saphenofemoral junction.
AB  - Forty-seven patients (53 limbs) with recurrent saphenofemoral incompetence and
      varicose veins underwent re-ligation of the saphenofemoral junction using a
      medial approach to the femoral vein. Twenty-seven patients (31 re-ligation
      procedures) were available for assessment at long-term follow-up (mean 30.4
      months). Saphenofemoral incompetence was demonstrated in five limbs (16.1 per
      cent). The operative procedure is described and the alternatives discussed. This
      is a valuable procedure in the repertoire of the surgeon who has to treat
      recurrent varicose veins.

PMID- 4063763
TI  - Isotope lymphography: a new method of investigating the role of the lymphatics in
      chronic limb oedema.
AB  - A method of investigating the lymphatic system by radionuclide imaging in
      patients with chronic lower limb oedema is described. The clearance of 99mTc
      rhenium sulphur colloid from the interdigital space of 55 limbs and its
      appearance in the ilio-inguinal lymph nodes 30 min, 1, 2 and 3 h later has been
      measured using a gamma camera in 34 limbs (26 patients) with the clinical and
      radiological features of primary lymphoedema, 10 limbs (8 patients) with venous
      oedema and 12 control limbs (6 volunteers). On visual interpretation the
      sensitivity of this technique in diagnosing lymphoedema was 97 per cent and its
      specificity 100 per cent, while it clearly differentiated between lymphoedema and
      venous oedema. Estimation of the percentage uptake of the colloid in the ilio
      inguinal lymph nodes at 1/2, 1, 2 and 3 h showed a markedly decreased lymph flow
      in the 34 lymphoedematous limbs and an increased flow in the 10 limbs with venous
      oedema. The results suggest that this technique can be used as a simple
      diagnostic outpatient technique in the investigation of chronic limb oedema.

PMID- 4063765
TI  - Pulmonary embolism in acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis.
AB  - Serial perfusion lung scanning and chest radiography were used to study the
      incidence of pulmonary embolism in patients with acute iliofemoral venous
      thrombosis. The efficacy of conventional anticoagulation and surgical
      thrombectomy in controlling embolism and the risk of creating emboli during
      thrombectomy were also evaluated. Lung scans obtained on admission in 49 patients
      were normal in 37 per cent, inconclusive in 18 per cent and positive for embolism
      in 45 per cent of the patients. Symptoms suggestive of embolism were present in
      only 24 per cent of the patients and correlated poorly with lung scans. Massive
      embolism was present in only two patients. Additional, usually asymptomatic,
      emboli developed within one month in 21 per cent of 29 patients treated
      conservatively with anticoagulation alone and in 20 per cent of 20 patients
      having acute thrombectomy combined with a temporary arteriovenous fistula and
      systemic anticoagulation. Only one conservatively treated patient required caval
      interruption. Pulmonary embolism, usually of minor degree, is thus present in
      nearly every other patient with acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis.
      Anticoagulation alone or in conjunction with thrombectomy and arteriovenous
      fistula in most cases effectively prevents further embolization and the risk of
      creating additional emboli by the surgical procedure is insignificant.

PMID- 4063766
TI  - Treatment of a stenotic gastroenterostomy with autosuture instruments.

PMID- 4063767
TI  - Pyloric obstruction by ectopic liver tissue.

PMID- 4063768
TI  - Out-patient diagnosis of breast cancer.
AB  - A method of diagnosis of the solid discrete breast lump using frozen section
      examination of a Tru-cut needle biopsy is described. In 194 patients, the Tru-cut
      biopsy report is compared to the histological report of the excised lesion.
      Overall accuracy is 90 per cent, sensitivity 89 per cent, specificity 96 per
      cent, predictive value of a positive report 99 per cent, and predictive value of
      a negative report 56 per cent. The advantage of the technique is that many
      patients with breast cancer can be informed of the diagnosis at their first
      attendance.

PMID- 4063769
TI  - Menetrier's disease complicated by development of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

PMID- 4063771
TI  - Angelchik anti-reflux prosthesis.

PMID- 4063770
TI  - Management of colorectal liver metastases.

PMID- 4063772
TI  - Disorders of the carpus in the dog. II.

PMID- 4063773
TI  - Notes on parasitic skin disease in the dog and cat.

PMID- 4063774
TI  - Diagnostic methods in dermatology.

PMID- 4063775
TI  - Some effects of different rearing systems on health, cleanliness and injury in
      calves.

PMID- 4063776
TI  - Enzyme activities in amniotic fluid and maternal blood in sheep, before and after
      induced foetal death and abortion.

PMID- 4063777
TI  - The effect of reduced-dose Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccination in accredited
      dairy herds.

PMID- 4063778
TI  - The virulence of strains of Corynebacterium bovis in the mammary gland of the
      mouse and the effect of corynebacterial mastitis on subsequent infection with
      Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 4063779
TI  - Conditions of the canine hip joint.

PMID- 4063780
TI  - Studies on rapeseed meal from different varieties of rape in the diets of gilts.
      I. Effects on attainment of puberty, ovulation rate, conception and embryo
      survival of the first litter.

PMID- 4063781
TI  - Studies on rapeseed meal from different varieties of rape in the diets of gilts.
      II. Effects on farrowing performance of gilts, performance of their piglets to
      weaning and subsequent conception of the gilts.

PMID- 4063782
TI  - Developmental abnormalities in cultured early porcine embryos induced by
      hyperthermia.

PMID- 4063783
TI  - The influence of a low-nutrient intake after mating on gestation and perinatal
      survival of lambs.

PMID- 4063784
TI  - The carriage of summer mastitis pathogens by muscid flies.

PMID- 4063785
TI  - The effect of sodium monensin on pregnant ewes.

PMID- 4063786
TI  - Factors involved in the epidemiology and control of Streptococcus uberis and
      coliform mastitis.

PMID- 4063787
TI  - Prevalence of serum antibodies to Moraxella bovis in cattle in Nigeria.

PMID- 4063788
TI  - Reproduction and genital diseases of the camel.

PMID- 4063789
TI  - Cognitive analysis of a case of pure dysgraphia.
AB  - An Italian patient with a pure dysgraphia who incorrectly spelled words and
      nonwords is described. The spelling errors made by the patient were not affected
      by lexical factors (e.g., frequency, form class) and were qualitatively the same
      for words and nonwords. The pattern of writing performance is discussed in
      relation to current models of writing and, specifically, in relation to the role
      of the Output Grapheme Buffer and Phoneme-Grapheme Conversion in writing.

PMID- 4063790
TI  - Evidence for sex differences in brain organization in recovery in aphasia.
AB  - Ninety-one adult aphasics of both sexes were studied before and after a 3-month
      period of language therapy. Although no initial sex difference was found in
      severity of language disorders, females within the global aphasic group showed
      significantly greater improvement in three tests of language comprehension. It is
      suggested that more bilateral representation of language functions in the female
      brain may account for this greater improvement.

PMID- 4063791
TI  - Bound morpheme loss errors in normal and agrammatic speech: one mechanism or two?
AB  - Loss errors involving bound morphemes in normal and agrammatic speech are
      examined to determine if all errors can be due to a single processing problem. It
      is concluded that two problems are present. First, there is a general problem
      with accessing bound morphemes (or forms containing bound morphemes), leading to
      the production of the base form. Second, there is a syntactic problem involving
      agreement. In agrammatism, the first problem is differentially exacerbated.
      Implications for normal and agrammatic speech are examined.

PMID- 4063792
TI  - Subcortical aphasia with deep dyslexia: a case study of a Japanese patient.
AB  - The reading performance of a Japanese Broca-type aphasic patient on a single-word
      reading test was investigated. The result indicated that the subject fits the
      symptom complex of deep dyslexia in more than one aspect. Unique characteristics
      of this subject included (1) the isolated subcortical site of the lesion, which
      apparently produced deep dyslexia, and (2) double dissociations between kanji and
      kana processing and between oral reading and reading comprehension. The
      performance of this subject was compared with that of another Japanese deep
      dyslexic subject in S. Sasanuma (1980, In M. Coltheart, K. Patterson, & J. C.
      Marshall (Eds.), Deep dyslexia, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul). A theoretical
      implication was attempted based on a dual coding process scheme by S. Sasanuma
      and O. Fujimura (1978, Cortex, 7, 1-18).

PMID- 4063793
TI  - On the nature of the verbal memory deficit in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Verbal memory was investigated in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) with
      previously documented deficits in word production and comprehension. Procedures
      were employed to evaluate word recall and recognition within the context of both
      "multistore" and "levels of processing" models of memory. In addition, memory
      abilities were evaluated with respect to performance on measures of verbal
      fluency and language comprehension. As expected, the AD patients performed
      significantly worse than normal individuals on all tasks. However, in each
      experiment their pattern of recall across conditions was found to be
      qualitatively similar to that produced by normal subjects. It was argued that the
      memory impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease may be largely due to an
      inability to encode a sufficient number of stimulus features or attributes.
      Furthermore, this encoding deficit includes, but is not limited to, semantic
      attributes. Similarities between the performance of the AD patients and reported
      findings with Korsakoff patients and normal subjects with "weak" memory were
      discussed.

PMID- 4063794
TI  - The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on cerebral blood flow.
AB  - The experiments dealth with the effect of total cardiopulmonary bypass on global
      and regional cerebral blood flow. Global cerebral blood flow was determined with
      radioactive microspheres, regional cerebral flow by direct observation through
      transillumination and high-speed cinematography. The latter permitted
      observations of changes in caliber of cerebral arterioles and of red cell
      velocity. Arterial blood gas tension and pH were continuously monitored.
      Measurements were carried out prior to and immediately following cardiopulmonary
      bypass. Studies on global cerebral flows showed that during cardiopulmonary
      bypass cerebral blood flow rose and cerebral vascular resistance declined while
      blood pressure did not change significantly. During bypass, cerebral blood flow
      and blood pressure in animals treated as a group became interdependent and showed
      direct proportionally. Direct observations of the cortical microvasculature by
      means of high-speed cinematography revealed dilatation of cerebral cortical
      arterioles. Even though blood pressure remained unchanged, the diameter of
      cortical arterioles increased. Volume flow calculated from red cells velocity and
      arteriolar diameter showed a tendency of arteriolar flow to increase. The
      condition is reminiscent of the 'luxury perfusion syndrome' (overabundant
      cerebral flow relative to metabolic needs of cerebral tissue).

PMID- 4063795
TI  - Reduced-5-hydroxytryptamine-dependent behavior in rats following chronic
      corticosterone treatment.
AB  - The effect of chronic corticosterone treatment (50 mg/kg s.c. 2 x daily) for up
      to 4 days on behavioural responses to drugs affecting 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)
      and dopamine (DA) systems was examined in rats 20 h after the last treatment,
      when placed in experimental cages, to which they had become habituated.
      Corticosterone- and vehicle-treated rats exhibited both comparable spontaneous
      behavior when given 0.9% NaCl i.p. and showed similar behavioural responses
      following amphetamine (3 mg/kg i.p.). However, responses to the 5-HT-releasing
      drug p-chloroamphetamine (PCA, 4 mg/kg i.p.) were altered with decreased head
      weaving hind-limb abduction and forepaw treading. Postsynaptic changes appear to
      be involved as responses to the 5-HT agonist 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5
      MeODMT, 5 mg/kg i.p.) (tremor, hind-limb abduction and forepaw treading) were
      also decreased. Hind brain and striatal concentration of 5-HT, DA and their
      metabolites were comparable in corticosterone and vehicle treated rats killed 20
      h after the last treatment. Brain PCA levels determined 30 min after injection
      were also comparable in both groups. PCA induced behaviour was not altered 20 h
      after 1 day corticosterone treatment or 4 day after 1 day treatment and 5-MeODMT
      induced behaviour was not altered 20 h after 14 days treatment with a lower dose
      of corticosterone (10 mg/kg s.c. x 2). Twenty h after 1 day corticosterone
      treatment (50 mg/kg s.c. x 2), rats placed in an open field for the first time
      showed significantly more activity and dropped fewer faecal pellets than
      controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4063796
TI  - Peripheral attention versus central fixation: modulation of the visual activity
      of prelunate cortical cells of the rhesus monkey.
AB  - Single unit activity was monitored in the prelunate gyrus of monkeys trained to
      execute or suppress goal-directed saccades to a peripheral target in the presence
      or absence of a central fixation spot. Throughout the experiments in the dimming
      paradigm was used. We observed the previously reported spatially selective
      enhancement of the visual on-response and the extra activation before saccades to
      a continuously visible target. However, we also observed a sudden increase of
      activity when the central fixation spot was extinguished in the presence of a
      peripheral target which the monkey decided not to look at, although he could
      detect its dimming correctly. This activity is also spatially selective: it
      occurs only if the peripheral target is within the receptive field of the cell.
      The presence or absence of just any foveal spot, which is behaviourally not
      relevant, does not make any difference. The activity occurs about 220 ms after
      fixation point offset. Thus it can be interpreted as a sign of the animal having
      directed attention to the peripheral target and/or having stopped active fixation
      being ready for the next goal-directed saccade without necessarily executing it.

PMID- 4063797
TI  - Calcium-binding proteins in whole brain and synaptic subfractions.
AB  - At least 19 calcium-binding proteins were detected in avian brain subfraction
      using 45Ca2+ binding to proteins immobilized in polyacrylamide gels. Half of the
      45Ca2+ binding proteins were observed in presynaptic cytoplasm. Two-dimensional
      gel electrophoresis of this material revealed at least 14 45Ca2+ binding
      polypeptides besides calmodulin. These proteins may be important in brain and
      nerve terminal function.

PMID- 4063798
TI  - Acetylcholine-rich transplants in the hippocampus: influence of intrinsic growth
      factors and application of nerve growth factor on choline acetyltransferase
      activity.
AB  - Three groups of rats received either unilateral fimbria-fornix lesions by
      aspiration through the overlying cingulate cortex (group I), a fimbria-fornix
      lesion followed by an intrahippocampal transplant of acetylcholine (ACh)-rich
      embryonic septal tissue (group II), or a similar septal transplant placed into
      the intact hippocampus, in the absence of the denervating lesion (group III). The
      3 groups were subdivided into equal subgroups receiving 6 intrahippocampal
      injections of nerve growth factor (NGF) at 4-day intervals, control injections of
      cytochrome c, or no injections. On the 28th day all animals were sacrificed and
      the majority taken for biochemical analysis of hippocampal choline
      acetyltransferase (ChAT). The animals with intact hippocampi (group III) were
      given a denervating fimbria-fornix lesion 3 days prior to sacrifice in order to
      reveal graft-derived ChAT activity from intrinsic ChAT activity. The fimbria
      fornix lesions (group I) depleted hippocampal ChAT activity to 15-20% of normal,
      which was not influenced by NGF injections. The ACh-rich grafts placed in the
      denervated hippocampus (group II) restored hippocampal ChAT activity to
      approximately 60% of the normal level, and this was promoted to approximately 84%
      of NGF, but not cytochrome c, injections into the hippocampus. Grafts placed into
      the intact hippocampus (group III) did not raise ChAT activity above the lesion
      alone level, and this was not influenced by NGF injections. Acetylcholinesterase
      (AChE) histochemistry showed no difference in outgrowth from the grafts in the
      denervated hippocampus with or without NGF injections. The results are
      interpreted, in agreement with observations in tissue culture, as indicating that
      NGF enhances ChAT activity in grafted neurons, rather than promoting survival and
      growth per se.

PMID- 4063799
TI  - Terminal arborization of individual sensory axons in dentin and pulp of rat
      molars.
AB  - Single sensory arbors labeled by axonal transport of [3H]proline were identified
      in rat molars and reconstructed from serial autoradiograms. Some axons ended in
      pulp, other made numerous endings in both dentin and pulp. Receptive fields in
      dentin varied from narrow (40-60 micrometers diameter) to elongated areas (80 x
      350 micrometers). Sensory arbors had brush-like or fan-like shapes, the largest
      innervated more than 100 dentinal tubules.

PMID- 4063800
TI  - Structure and function of urodele myelin lacking alpha-hydroxy fatty acid
      containing galactosphingolipids: slow nerve conduction and unusual myelin
      thickness.
AB  - Myelin of several Caudata (Urodela) species appears to be unique in the fact that
      it lacks hydroxycerebrosides and hydroxysulfatides although it contains their non
      hydroxy counterparts. Comparison of the nerve conduction velocities in the
      Urodeles Necturus (salamander) and Notophthalmus (newt) with that in a reptile,
      Anolis (chameleon) which contains hydroxycerebrosides and -sulfatides indicated
      that the values were significantly reduced in the urodeles. Furthermore, urodele
      myelin thickness remained uniformly the same regardless of the size of the nerve
      fiber. Despite these differences the myelins appeared structurally similar.
      Electron microscopic and X-ray diffraction studies did not disclose any
      structural difference between the two orders. A teased fiber technique
      established that the ratio of internodal distance and fiber diameter in urodele
      nerves was essentially similar to that in Anolis. These findings suggest that the
      absence of hydroxycerebroside and -sulfatide may be related to the reduction in
      nerve conduction velocity and unusual myelin thickness in the urodele nervous
      system.

PMID- 4063801
TI  - Different effects of nerve growth factor on cultured sympathetic and sensory
      neurons.
AB  - Long-term cultures of dissociated nodose ganglion (NG) and superior cervical
      ganglion (SCG) neurons from newborn rabbits were used to compare their response
      to nerve growth factor (7S NGF). SCG neurons required added NGF for their
      survival and a concentration of 1 microgram/ml was found to be optimal. NG
      neurons, on the other hand, survived well for a long term without addition of
      NGF, but its application (1 microgram/ml) was found to be effective in
      accelerating the growth of fibers (neurites) and neuronal somata. It is concluded
      that unlike SCG, NG neurons do not depend on exogenous NGF but may require an
      intrinsic trophic-like factor which may be contained in the serum of the medium,
      emanating from glial cells or by metabolic cooperation between neurons.

PMID- 4063802
TI  - Quantitative morphological study of the outer nuclear layer in the turtle retina.
AB  - Types and densities of retinal cells with somata located in the outer nuclear
      layer of the turtle retina were studied with combined light and electron
      microscopic observations of serial sections. One third of the somata in the outer
      nuclear layer were found to be those of displaced bipolar cells, while the rest
      were of those of photoreceptors. Somata were 8-10 micrometers in horizontal
      diameter for both types of retinal cells.

PMID- 4063803
TI  - A morphometric study of the effects of maturation and aging on synaptic patterns
      in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the cat.
AB  - Morphometric methods have been used to study the synaptic and terminal patterns
      in cat trigeminal nucleus, pars interpolaris, during development and aging. Ages
      1, 3, 6, 11, 16, 21, 27, 110, 600 days and 8 and 11 years were studied. Both
      proportions and densities (number per unit area) of certain terminals and
      synapses showed significant changes with age. Axoaxonic synapses especially
      showed two major periods of increase (3-6 days and 21-27 days). The values of
      most parameters increased in the 21-27 day period to peak levels and then
      decreased gradually with age. The results indicate two separate critical
      synaptogenic periods of development and a loss of synaptic elements in aging.
      Factors contributing to these changes are discussed as is the potential for
      plasticity in the different afferents at each period.

PMID- 4063804
TI  - Long-term patterns of axon regeneration in the sciatic nerve and its tributaries.
AB  - The present study determines the numbers of axons that regenerate after sciatic
      nerve transection in the rat. The transections are done by removing either 4 mm
      or 8 mm of the nerve. The axons are counted in the gap and distal stump of the
      sciatic nerve and in 5 of its tributaries. Survival time is 9 months which we
      define as long-term to allow comparison with short-term data obtained after a
      much shorter survival. The first findings is that the numbers of axons in the gap
      and distal stump are different in the 2 transection paradigms. For the 4 mm
      paradigm, more axons than normal appear in the gap and only a fraction of these
      pass into the distal stump. For the 8 mm paradigm, the numbers of axons in the
      gap are normal and the numbers in the distal stump do not deviate far from these.
      Thus by changing only the length of the segment of removed nerve, one causes
      major differences in the numbers of axons that regenerate. Second the numbers of
      axons that regenerate in tributary nerves that innervate muscle have a different
      pattern than the numbers that regenerate into cutaneous nerves. Thus the factors
      control axonal numbers must be different in the 2 types of nerves. Finally, axons
      that regenerate into tributary nerves do not, by and large, regenerate in concert
      with those in the distal stump of the parent nerve. Thus the factors that control
      axonal numbers in the tributary nerves must be different from those that control
      the numbers in the distal stump of the parent nerve.

PMID- 4063805
TI  - A fictive tail flick reflex in the rat.
AB  - The discharges of motor axons participating in the tail flick reflex were
      recorded from nerve filaments innervating the medial longissimus muscles of
      anesthetized rats. The reflex discharges evoked by stimulation of the tail with
      either noxious radiant heat or pinch were recorded before and after paralysis of
      the animals. Nociceptive discharges recorded from motor axons in the paralyzed
      state showed a strong correlation with those observed in the absence of the
      paralytic agent. For this reason, the electrophysiological response triggered by
      noxious input was termed a 'fictive tail flick reflex'. To evaluate the potential
      applicability of this model in the analysis of pain blocking mechanisms, vaginal
      stimulation was found to produce a profound reduction to the nociceptive
      discharges of the fictive tail flick. By eliminating movement artifacts from the
      experimental paradigm, this model expands our ability to study a basic
      nociceptive response which was previously limited to behavioral observation.

PMID- 4063806
TI  - Arecoline-induced elevations of regional cerebral metabolism in the conscious
      rat.
AB  - Local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) was measured, using the quantitative
      [14C]2-deoxy-D-glucose ([14C]DG) method, at 3 min after administration to 3-month
      old, awake Fischer rats of the muscarinic agonist arecoline (AREC) 0.05, 0.5, 5,
      15 or 50 mg/kg or saline i.p. Animals were pretreated with methylatropine (a
      cholinergic antagonist which does not enter the brain and has no effect on
      cerebral metabolism) 4 mg/kg s.c. to prevent parasympathomimetic side-effects of
      AREC. Tremor produced by AREC was rated subjectively. Intensity of tremor was
      dose-related, peaked at 2-5 min after AREC, and abated within 30 min. Elevations
      in LCGU (measured after [14C]DG injection during peak behavior) in extrapyramidal
      regions, which mediate tremor, were related to the intensity of tremor. The
      lowest dose of AREC selectively increased LCGU in the hippocampus and median
      raphe; higher doses produced more generalized metabolic enhancement. In the
      hippocampus and cortex, LCGU rose in layers in which cholinoceptive cells are
      located. Regions of the auditory pathway and superficial neocortical layers (I
      III) were generally unaffected by AREC, but LCGU did not decrease in any region.
      The selective increase in LCGU produced by low doses of AREC in the hippocampus
      presumably is due to a specific action of AREC, and demonstrates the high
      sensitivity of this region to cholinomimetic stimulation.

PMID- 4063807
TI  - Efferent projections from the paraventricular nucleus mediating alpha 2
      noradrenergic feeding.
AB  - Feeding behavior elicited by central injection of the alpha-noradrenergic
      agonists, norepinephrine (NE) and clonidine (CLON), are believed to be mediated
      via postsynaptic alpha 2-type receptors located in the paraventricular nucleus
      (PVN). To map the course taken by essential efferent (descending) fibers of this
      PVN system for noradrenergically-stimulated feeding, the impact of diencephalic
      and lower brainstem coronal knife cuts, on the responses elicited by PVN-injected
      NE and CLON, was assessed. Rats that sustained damage in the periventricular gray
      area of the caudal thalamus and midbrain exhibited significant losses in feeding
      elicited by PVN injections of these drugs. In the case of animals with midbrain
      periventricular gray knife cuts, a significant increase in daily food intake was
      also observed, and this increase was positively correlated in magnitude with the
      attenuation of NE-induced feeding. This decrease in sensitivity to alpha 2
      noradrenergic stimulation occurred with discrete periventricular knife cuts
      extending only 0.5 mm lateral to midline. In contrast, large ventral or lateral
      coronal knife cuts throughout the dorsal and ventral midbrain tegmentum left
      intact NE- and CLON-induced feeding. These findings provide evidence for
      localization of anatomical substrates which underlie PVN alpha 2-noradrenergic
      feeding. The efferent fibers of this system appear to exit from the PVN in a
      dorsomedial direction and course through the thalamic periventricular area. As
      this projection descends into the midbrain, it remains quite medial, maintaining
      this position throughout the midbrain central gray substance. At the level of the
      pons, just rostral to the locus coeruleus, this fiber projection appears to
      course ventrolaterally into the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum and possibly
      continue towards the dorsal vagal complex of the dorsomedial medulla.

PMID- 4063808
TI  - Cell proliferation after ischemic infarction in gerbil brain.
AB  - In order to study cell proliferation after ischemic infarction, a model of
      bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in the gerbil was developed. A
      comparison of survival rates after 15, 30, 45 and 60 min of occlusion revealed
      that 45 min was the maximum duration of ischemia after which most (72%) of the
      gerbils were alive at 1 week. The administration of pentobarbital (single dose,
      30 mg/kg) postoperatively to badly seizing animals increased survival to 100%.
      Large, well-demarcated infarcts were present in posterior thalamus or midbrain in
      62% of gerbils subjected to 45 min bilateral occlusion. In 60% of these animals
      the infarcts were unilateral; in 40% they were bilateral. To quantitate cell
      proliferation in the infarcts from 12 h to 25 days after ischemia, gerbils were
      injected with [3H]thymidine 4 h prior to sacrifice, and autoradiographs were
      prepared from sectioned brains. Proliferation took place from 2 to 7 days after
      occlusion, with a maximum of 24% labeled cells at 6 days.

PMID- 4063810
TI  - Intracortical connections of the anterior ectosylvian and lateral suprasylvian
      visual areas in the cat.
AB  - Intra- and interhemispheric connections between the anterior ectosylvian visual
      area (AEV) and other visual cortical areas including the lateral suprasylvian
      (LSS) were examined in the cat using the retrograde double-label fluorescence
      technique. The areal and laminar distributions of labeled neurons were mapped
      following injections of different tracers: Evans Blue (EB), Fast Blue (FB) and
      Nuclear Yellow (NY) made separately into AEV and LSS of the same or opposite
      hemispheres. The results indicated: (1) reciprocal and bilateral AEV-LSS
      connections stemming from layers V and VI in addition to a predominant efferent
      LSS projection upon AEV from both layer III and the posterior lateral (PLLS)
      subdivision of LSS; (2) homotopic interhemispheric connections to AEV arising
      from layers III, V and VI and from layers III and V of ipsilateral areas 20 and
      21a; (3) differential laminar distributions of the cell populations projecting to
      the two cortical sites injected including neurons in layer III of LSS which
      project to contralateral LSS and AEV of either hemisphere via collateral axon
      branching (double-labeled). The anatomical findings support the functional
      similarities between AEV and LSS and the possible role of AEV in interhemispheric
      transfer of visual information is discussed.

PMID- 4063809
TI  - Purification and characterization of the alpha-bungarotoxin binding protein from
      rat brain.
AB  - The alpha-bungarotoxin (BGT) binding protein from rat brain has been purified and
      its polypeptide chain composition has been examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Polypeptide chains with Mrs of 55,000, 53,500
      and 49,000 have been identified as constituents of the protein. The affinity
      ligand [3H]maleimidobenzyl trimethylammonium bromide ([3H]MBTA), used to identify
      the ligand binding site on neuromuscular junction acetylcholine receptors (NMJ
      AChRs), binds to the 55,000 dalton polypeptide chain. Using a technique where
      ligands are bound to the protein while the protein is immobilized on alpha
      cobratoxin-Sepharose 4B, it was established that the brain BGT binding protein,
      like NMJ AChRs, possesses two binding sites for BGT. These experiments reinforce
      previous evidence that the brain BGT binding protein is closely related but not
      identical to NMJ AChRs.

PMID- 4063811
TI  - Localization of [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine binding sites in rat spinal cord and
      primary afferent neurons.
AB  - The distribution of [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine ([3H]NBI) binding to nucleoside
      transport sites in rat spinal cord and spinal roots was examined using membrane
      binding and autoradiographic techniques. A single class of high affinity binding
      sites having dissociation constants (KD) between 0.42 +/- 0.05 and 0.088 +/-
      0.012 nM was observed in dorsal and ventral spinal cord and their associated
      roots. The maximal number of binding sites (Bmax) in dorsal and ventral spinal
      cord was 110.1 +/- 7.1 and 73.6 +/- 7.5 fmol/mg protein, respectively. The
      highest levels of [3H]NBI binding were found in the dorsal grey matter of the
      cervical and lumbar enlargements. Autoradiographic studies showed that [3H]NBI
      sites were especially concentrated in the substantia gelatinosa of the dorsal
      spinal cord and the nucleus caudalis of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. The level
      of these binding sites in dorsal roots was nearly 4 times that observed in
      ventral roots; 98.5 and 23.0 fmol/mg protein, respectively. Adult animals
      depleted of unmyelinated sensory fibers by neonatal capsaicin treatment showed
      significantly reduced numbers of [3H]NBI sites (35%) in dorsal roots but not
      ventral roots, while KD values were unaffected. These results indicate that
      [3H]NBI sites are enriched in areas of the spinal cord and brainstem which
      subserve sensory functions and that these sites are located, in part, on
      unmyelinated primary afferent fibers.

PMID- 4063812
TI  - Electrochemical stimulation of plasma LH and hypothalamic norepinephrine
      concentrations at short- and long-term intervals after hypothalamic knife cuts.
AB  - Norepinephrine (NE) concentrations in several diencephalic locations were studied
      in female rats in conjunction with luteinizing hormone (LH) release after medial
      preoptic area (MPOA) stimulation at short (7 days) and longer time intervals
      after surgical interruption of anterior or anterolateral neural connections of
      mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH). Concentrations of diencephalic NE were altered in
      two general ways after brain surgery: (1) transient early postoperative increases
      in some regions which appeared unrelated to the type of surgery performed; and
      (2) other specific decreases in NE concentration which were related to the types
      of surgery performed and whether a particular ascending noradrenergic pathway was
      interrupted. At 180 days after surgery, these two types of change in NE
      concentrations were no longer present. Maximum increases in plasma LH
      concentrations observed after electrochemical stimulation of the MPOA at either 7
      or 180 days after MBH deafferentation also varied according to: (1) the
      postoperative interval studied; and (2) the location of pathway interruption.
      Interruption of anterior MBH pathways showed only a transient (7 day interval)
      reduction in LH release after MPOA stimulation, whereas when both lateral and
      anterior pathways were severed, there was a more nearly permanent (180 day
      interval) disruption of LH release after stimulation. The results of these
      studies support the contention that anterolateral MBH neural connections may
      constitute a dynamic neural substrate contributing to a gradual improvement in
      neuroendocrine function observed after early surgical disconnections.

PMID- 4063813
TI  - A comparison of alpha 2-adrenoceptor regulation in brain and platelets.
AB  - Functional responses and alpha 2-adrenoceptor radioligand binding were studied in
      brain and platelets of rabbits under a variety of circumstances. The effects of
      oestrogen treatment and maturation were studied in female rabbits and of aging
      and amitriptyline treatment in male rabbits. No correlation was found between
      changes in brain and platelets either in response or alpha 2-adrenoceptor ligand
      binding under any of the conditions examined.

PMID- 4063814
TI  - The relationship between cell density and the nasotemporal division in the rat
      retina.
AB  - Cell counts in the ganglion cell layer of the rat retina have been undertaken
      following unilateral injections of horseradish peroxidase into the ipsilateral
      thalamus. By retrograde transport, the tracer defined the location of the
      uncrossed retinal projection, making it possible to determine the relationship
      between the area of highest cell density and the nasotemporal division. Here it
      is demonstrated that unlike in the primate and cat, these two regions of retinal
      specialisation reside in different locations, with the nasotemporal division
      displaced temporally to the area of highest cell density.

PMID- 4063815
TI  - Electrophysiological properties of guinea pig septal neurons in vitro.
AB  - The electrophysiological properties of septal neurons have been examined in vitro
      in guinea pig brain slices. These cells display different firing modes when
      stimulated by transmembrane current pulses depending on the amplitude of the
      depolarization. With small pulses septal neurons fire repetitive Na spikes but on
      larger depolarizations they respond with a single full-Na action potential which
      is followed by a number of spikes of smaller amplitude. A further increase in the
      amplitude of the pulse evokes powerful Ca spikes possibly generated in the
      dendrites. These Ca spikes appear with larger amplitude in presumptive
      intradendritic recordings. In many cells stimulation of the fimbria evoked
      postsynaptic responses consisting of either a depolarization, a hyperpolarization
      or a depolarization-hyperpolarization sequence.

PMID- 4063816
TI  - A diurnal fluctuation in medial basal hypothalamic-preoptic area cytosol estrogen
      receptors in ovariectomized hamsters.
AB  - Cytosol estrogen receptors (CER) were measured in ovariectomized hamsters, kept
      in a light:dark schedule of 14:10. Significant diurnal fluctuations in CER
      occurred in medial basal hypothalamus-preoptic area, but not in amygdala,
      anterior pituitary or uterus. Highest levels of CER in medial basal hypothalamus
      preoptic area occurred 2 h before lights went out, and lowest levels 1 h after
      lights went out.

PMID- 4063817
TI  - Cerebellocerebral projection from the fastigial nucleus onto the frontal cortex
      in the cat.
AB  - Two frontal cortical areas hidden in sulci were found to be responsive to
      stimulation of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus under pentobarbital anesthesia:
      one is the ventral bank of the cruciate sulcus and the other is the area
      surrounding the fundus of the presylvian sulcus which corresponds to subregions
      of the frontal eye field. The fastigial projection onto these areas via the
      thalamic ventromedial (VM) nucleus was identified electrophysiologically and
      morphologically.

PMID- 4063818
TI  - Synaptic rearrangements in medial prefrontal cortex of haloperidol-treated rats.
AB  - The effects of daily administration of haloperidol for 16 weeks on the structure
      of layer VI in medial prefrontal cortex of rat was performed at the light and
      electron microscopic levels. At the light microscopic level, no difference in
      either the size or the density of neurons was observed. At the electron
      microscopic level, the mean dendritic calibre of haloperidol-treated rats was
      twice that observed in control animals, but this was due to a selective loss of
      small-calibre dendritic profiles. Rats treated with neuroleptic also showed a
      reduction in axon terminals with asymmetric postsynaptic membrane
      specializations, which, in control animals, were preferentially associated with
      small-calibre dendritic profiles. These small-calibre dendritic profiles were
      found to be spines rather than small terminal dendritic shafts. An increase in
      axon terminals showing no membrane specialization on larger dendritic profiles
      also occurred in rats treated daily with the neuroleptic. The data suggest the
      possibility that haloperidol may have induced a relocation of asymmetric
      terminals from resorbed spinous processes to larger dendritic branches with the
      concomitant loss of their postsynaptic membrane specialization.

PMID- 4063819
TI  - Normal development of brain enolase isozymes in adrenalectomized rats.
AB  - The specific activity of cerebral and cerebellar enolase isozymes (non-neuronal
      enolase vs neuron-specific plus hybrid enolase) was measured on day 18, 25, and
      66-67 in rats subjected to adrenalectomy or sham operation on day 11. No group
      differences were observed for either brain region at any time point. Thus, the
      postulated switchover of neurons from the non-neuronal to the neuron-specific
      form of this enzyme occurs independently of adrenal hormones.

PMID- 4063820
TI  - Regeneration of gamma-fusimotor axons after nerve-freeze injury in the cat.
AB  - Nerve injury was produced by application of dry ice to the common peroneal nerve.
      After 20 weeks, muscle-spindle primary endings responded normally to stretch and
      the spindles were found to have a fully functional fusimotor innervation.

PMID- 4063821
TI  - Anticholinergic agents do not block light-induced circadian phase shifts.
AB  - Depletion of brain acetylcholine (ACh) stores by central infusions of
      hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) did not prevent the circadian phase-shifting effects of
      subsequent light pulses in rats. Animals treated with atropine likewise had
      normal responses to light pulses. Neither delay nor advance shifts were
      prevented. These data do not support the view that ACh is the primary mediator of
      photoentrainment in the rat. The previously reported effects of carbachol
      injections may be non-specific.

PMID- 4063822
TI  - Viability of mature superior cervical ganglia transplants in peripheral nerve of
      adult rat.
AB  - Allografts of mature rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG) survived for up to 120
      days following transplantation to regenerating and degenerating peripheral nerves
      of adult rats. Transplants contained the constituents of normal superior cervical
      ganglia and there was evidence of outgrowth of catecholamine containing fibers
      from the transplants. However, fibers did not attain the length necessary to
      enter peripheral muscles and no muscle response could be elicited by electrical
      stimulation of the implanted nerve where the transplanted mature SCG was the only
      source of nerve fibers.

PMID- 4063823
TI  - 'Gating' of somatosensory evoked potentials begins before the onset of voluntary
      movement in man.
AB  - The inflow of somatosensory information to the cerebral cortex is modified before
      and during active movement in animals. This phenomenon has been termed 'gating'
      and occurs at several levels of the sensory pathway. We studied somatosensory
      evoked potentials (SEPs) to stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist during
      voluntary movement of the ipsilateral thumb in man. Results indicate that SEPs
      are attenuated shortly after a command to move (approximately 100 ms before the
      onset of the electromyogram (EMG)), become maximally attenuated with maximum EMG
      and return to normal size when movement is finished.

PMID- 4063824
TI  - Neoplastic transformation of newborn rat astrocytes in culture.
AB  - A subpopulation of rat glial cells, derived from the astroglial population of
      newborn cerebral cortex cell cultures, spontaneously transformed in culture.
      Unlike the pretransformed cells, the transformed cells formed pile-up colonies,
      exhibited anchorage-independent growth, and were tumorigenic in young rats. Both
      the pretransformed and transformed cells exhibited differentiated properties
      characteristic of glial cells. For example, the pretransformed cells possessed
      hydrocortisone-inducible glutamine synthetase (GS), a property restricted to
      astrocytes in the central nervous system. As was anticipated, these cells did not
      exhibit either of two oligodendroglial characteristics, hydrocortisone-inducible
      glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) or the induction of lactate dehydrogenase
      (LDH) by N6,O6-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'monophosphate (Bt2 cAMP).
      Unexpectedly, the transformed cells expressed the induction of glycerol phosphate
      dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase but lost the glutamine synthetase
      induction. Both the pretransformed and transformed cells were examined
      ultrastructurally. Neither cell type exhibited glial filaments (9-10 nm), a
      structure typical of astrocytes. Rather, the pretransformed cells were
      characterized by distinct longitudinal filaments near the cell surface and the
      absence of microtubules. On the other hand, the only cytoskeletal element visible
      in transformed cells were microtubules. Our work demonstrates that, like other
      rodent cell types, rat glial cells can spontaneously transform in culture. It
      also shows that the expression of differentiated properties are sensitive to the
      transformation process.

PMID- 4063825
TI  - Altered peripheral and brainstem auditory function in aged rats.
AB  - A technique for conducting free-field brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP)
      audiometry in unanesthetized, unrestrained rats revealed a non-recruiting 18 dB
      elevation of click threshold in aged rats. BAEPs were first recorded in young and
      aged rats to clicks of equal intensity (80 dB SPL). Compared to the young group,
      aged animals exhibited longer wave I and wave IV latencies with no difference
      seen in the I-IV central conduction time. The prominent negative wave (No)
      following wave IV was also delayed and the I-No and IV-No conduction times
      increased in the aged group. When BAEPs were recorded to clicks with intensities
      adjusted to 35 dB above individual threshold, no differences in wave I or wave IV
      latencies or in the I-IV central conduction time were found between groups.
      However, the No component was delayed and the I-No and IV-No conduction times
      remained prolonged in the aged group. The results suggest that in addition to
      changes in peripheral auditory structures, changes in the rostral auditory
      brainstem accompany age-related hearing loss in rats.

PMID- 4063826
TI  - Bilateral innervation of the superior oblique muscle by the trochlear nucleus.
AB  - Trochlear motoneurons and their axons were labeled by applying horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP) solution to the transected trochlear nerve stump in the orbit of
      cats and rabbits. Although almost all labeled neurons were on the contralateral
      trochlear nucleus about 5% of them and their axons were on the ipsilateral side.
      These findings confirmed that the superior oblique muscle was innervated
      partially by a small number of ipsilateral trochlear nucleus.

PMID- 4063827
TI  - Location of motoneurons in the oculomotor nucleus and the course of their axons
      in the oculomotor nerve.
AB  - Subdivisions of the oculomotor nucleus, and the course of axons in the brainstem
      and more peripherally in the oculomotor nerve of the cat, were studied by
      directly applying horseradish peroxidase solution to the transected nerve-branch
      stump in the orbit. The medial rectus subdivision consisted of two subgroups, and
      intermingling between subdivisions was found. About 20% of the motoneurons
      controlling the medial rectus muscle were scattered in the medial longitudinal
      fasciculus or a more ventrolateral area. A few motoneurons controlling the
      inferior rectus or inferior oblique muscle were also located in the medial
      longitudinal fasciculus. Axons to the superior branch that supplied the superior
      rectus and levator muscle coursed in the dorsolateral half of the oculomotor
      nerve. In contrast, those to the medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior
      oblique muscles were scattered diffusely in the oculomotor nerve.

PMID- 4063828
TI  - Correlation between adenosine triphosphate levels, dopamine release and
      electrical activity in the carotid body: support for the metabolic hypothesis of
      chemoreception.
AB  - An unsolved issue for the arterial chemoreceptors is the mechanism by which
      hypoxia and other natural stimuli lead to an increase of activity in the carotid
      sinus nerve. According to the 'metabolic hypothesis', the hypoxic activation of
      the carotid body (CB) is mediated by a decrease of the ATP levels in the type I
      cells, which then release a neurotransmitter capable of exciting the sensory
      nerve endings. Using an in vitro preparation of cat CB, we report that ATP levels
      in the CB do in fact decrease when the organs are exposed to moderate, short
      lasting hypoxia (5 min 20% O2). Additionally, we found that decreases in ATP
      levels induced by 2-deoxyglucose (2 mM) or sodium cyanide (0.1 mM) are closely
      correlated with dopamine release from type I cells and electrical activity in the
      carotid sinus nerve elicited by these agents. The possible cause-effect
      relationship of these events is discussed.

PMID- 4063829
TI  - Pharmacological characterization of solubilized 5-HT1 serotonin binding sites
      from bovine brain.
AB  - This report describes the pharmacologic characterization of [3H]serotonin binding
      activity solubilized from bovine frontal cortical membranes. The ability of a
      number of serotonin (5-HT) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogs to
      compete with [3H]serotonin and D-[3H]LSD for binding to membrane and solubilized
      5-HT1 sites has been investigated. The results indicate that the solubilized
      binding site is probably of the 5-HT1B type. Fifteen of the 21 compounds tested
      exhibit nearly identical affinity for membrane or solubilized 5-HT1 binding
      sites. However, some important differences were observed, and these may help
      elucidate the molecular structure of the binding site. In particular, some N
      substituted tryptamine analogs show a markedly lower affinity for solubilized 5
      HT1 sites compared to their binding to intact membranes. Further, the solubilized
      site does not distinguish stereoisomers of LSD: both D- and L-LSD bind to
      solubilized 5-HT1 sites with comparable high affinities, whereas D-LSD has a
      markedly higher affinity for the membrane 5-HT1 site. Methiothepin, which binds
      to the 5-HT1 site primarily through its amine groups, has virtually no affinity
      for the solubilized receptor, whereas it is quite potent at competing for
      [3H]serotonin binding to membrane sites. These observations lead to the
      conclusions that in bovine cortical membranes, the 5-HT1 site contains both
      indole and amine attachment sites. After solubilization, the indole attachment
      site retains its binding properties, but the amine attachment site has been
      significantly altered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4063830
TI  - Organization of the striatum: collateralization of its efferent axons.
AB  - The anatomical structure of the basal ganglia indicates that the input from the
      cerebral cortex is funnelled through the striatum to the globus pallidus and
      substantia nigra. This structure implies integration of the information as it is
      transferred through the basal ganglia. In order to investigate this integration,
      we studied the collateralization of striatal efferents to the globus pallidus and
      the substantia nigra-ventral tegmental area. Retrogradely transported fluorescent
      tracers were injected into the target areas of striatal efferents. Nuclear yellow
      or propidium iodide was injected into the substantia nigra-ventral tegmental area
      (SN-VTA) and 4-acetamido, 4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (SITS)
      into the globus pallidus (GP) of adult albino rats. SITS was chosen for the
      pallidal injections because it is not taken up by fibers-of-passage. The pressure
      injections resulted in large injection sites which covered the majority of each
      efferent target area, and as a result retrogradely labeled cell bodies were found
      throughout the entire extent of the striatum. Cell bodies double-labeled with
      both dyes were found intermingled with single-labeled cell bodies. In rats
      injected with propidium iodide in the SN-VTA and SITS in the GP, 70% of all
      neurons (as revealed by Nissl staining) were labeled. Of these labeled cells, 40%
      were double labeled, 20% contained only SITS and 40% contained only propidium
      iodide. Thus a substantial number of the striatal neurons that project to the SN
      VTA also possess collateral axons to the GP. Some striatal neurons appear to
      project to only the SN-VTA or only to the GP. The cells projecting to only one of
      these striatal target regions tend to cluster together in patches. The
      organizational pattern of these patches does not seem to coincide in any simple
      way with the mosaic pattern of striatal opiate receptors, nor with the previously
      described mosaic pattern of striatal afferents and various neurotransmitter
      substances.

PMID- 4063831
TI  - Effects of water deprivation and administration of hypertonic saline on dopamine
      concentrations in posterior pituitary and vasopressin release in rats.
AB  - Changes in concentrations of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in plasma and the
      neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary and those in dopamine (DA) in the
      neurointermediate lobe in rats were studied simultaneously after depriving the
      animals of water as well as after giving intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of
      hypertonic saline (4.5% saline, 25 ml/kg of body weight). After water deprivation
      for 24 h, both AVP in plasma and DA in the neurointermediate lobe increased
      without any changes in AVP in the neurointermediate lobe. Water deprivation for
      48-72 h caused further increases in both AVP in plasma and DA in the
      neurointermediate lobe with a significant decrease in AVP in the
      neurointermediate lobe. Rehydration for 24 h subsequent to 72 h of water
      deprivation made AVP in plasma and DA in the neurointermediate lobe return to the
      values of normally hydrated rats, whereas AVP in the neurointermediate lobe was
      still depressed. Thirty min after the i.p. injection of hypertonic saline, both
      AVP in plasma and DA in the neurointermediate lobe increased markedly with no
      change in AVP in the neurointermediate lobe. The time course of change in DA in
      the neurointermediate lobe was similar to that in plasma AVP when plasma
      osmolality was changed chronically or acutely. These results may make
      questionable the preconception that the tuberohypophyseal DA neurons are not
      involved in or regulated by early changes in vasopressin secretion.

PMID- 4063832
TI  - Pharmacological and biochemical analysis of feeding behavior. Symposium held
      under auspices of Fifth European Winter Conference on Brain Research. 14 March
      1985, Vars-les-Claux, France.

PMID- 4063833
TI  - Pharmacological and biochemical analysis of feeding behaviour.

PMID- 4063834
TI  - Qualitative analysis of feeding behaviour through dietary selection of nutrients.
AB  - Studies of brain mechanisms controlling food intake and feeding behaviour have
      often neglected interactions between total food (energy) intake and qualitative
      aspects of the dietary intake. Generally, experimental animals are presented with
      a single diet of fixed nutritional composition. Thus, if as a result of a given
      treatment, an animal has an increased or decreased appetite for a specific
      nutrient, then this could manifest itself as an increase or decrease in intake
      from the sole diet offered. As selection of food is a characteristic behaviour of
      all animals, and their ability to monitor intake of specific nutrients is well
      known, then, giving experimental animals a choice of dietary constituents could
      result in a wider understanding of central mechanisms governing food intake.
      Exploiting the ability of rats to select dietary protein and carbohydrate has
      suggested that brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is involved in the regulation of
      protein/carbohydrate intake. Evidence from human studies suggests that appetite
      disturbances which occur in obese and mood-disturbed individuals may be linked to
      an impaired functioning of the brain 5-HT system.

PMID- 4063835
TI  - Regulation of food intake by hepatic oxidative metabolism.
AB  - It has been proposed that the turnover of metabolic fuels affects feeding. In the
      present study the effects of different metabolites (glycerol, L-malate, D-3
      hydroxybutyrate, L-lactate) or their oxidation products (dihydroxyacetone,
      oxaloacetate, acetoacetate, pyruvate) on food intake were investigated under
      various feeding conditions. The results of these experiments increase our
      knowledge about the nature and origin of metabolic signals in the energostatic
      control of food intake. In the experiments, glycerol, malate, 3-hydroxybutyrate,
      lactate or pyruvate (4.5-7.7 mmoles/kg metabolic body weight injected
      subcutaneously reduced food intake in rats, whereas dihydroxyacetone,
      acetoacetate or oxaloacetate did not. The effect of glycerol disappeared with
      high levels of dietary protein, whereas the effects of lactate and pyruvate
      disappeared with high levels of dietary fat. The hypophagic effects of glycerol,
      malate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, lactate and pyruvate were abolished by selective
      hepatic vagotomy. The results suggest that vagally mediated signals originating
      from hepatic oxidation of metabolic fuels contribute to the regulation of food
      intake.

PMID- 4063836
TI  - Spontaneous and 2DG induced metabolic changes and feeding: the ischymetric
      hypothesis.
AB  - A computer-controlled calorimeter which simultaneously measured respiratory
      exchanges, locomotor activity, and meal patterns, was used to study Total
      Metabolic Rate (TM), Locomotor Free Metabolic Rate (LFM), and Respiratory
      Quotient (RQ) in relation to spontaneous and 2DG induced Food Intake in freely
      feeding rats. It appeared that spontaneous and 2DG induced feeding was preceded
      by a consistant drop of LFM starting about five minutes before a meal and
      reaching its nadir at the onset of a meal. The simultaneous determination of the
      RQ did not show any systematic change that would have reflected either a lipo- or
      a gluco-privic origin of the LFM drop and meal onset. Therefore, the results are
      in agreement with the ischymetric hypothesis of the control of food intake which
      proposes that the final signal triggering hunger and satiety is the intensity of
      cell power production (measured in this experiment through the LFM parameter)
      which is independent of the glucidic lipidic or protidic origin of the
      substrate(s) supplying power production.

PMID- 4063837
TI  - Effects of hypnogenic vagal stimulation on thalamic neuronal activity in cats.
AB  - Neuronal responses from the ventro-postero-medial (VPM) and reticular (NR) nuclei
      of cat thalamus to vagal stimulation was recorded during wakefulness (W), slow
      wave-sleep (SWS), and paradoxical sleep (PS) using chronically implanted
      microelectrodes. Cellular firing was facilitated in NR and depressed in VPM when
      weak, hyponogenic stimuli were delivered to the vagal nerve during W and SWS.
      Higher intensity vagal stimulation increased firing frequency and duration of
      discharge in both nuclei. Vagally induced discharges of several VPM neurons were
      depressed by NR stimulation. We speculate that intrathalamic mechanisms play a
      role in the genesis of induced synchronization and sleep.

PMID- 4063838
TI  - Tonic activity of medial preoptic norepinephrine mechanism for body temperature
      maintenance in sleeping and awake rats.
AB  - The study was aimed at investigating the possible involvement of tonic activity
      of the adrenergic receptors in the medial preoptic area (mPOA) for maintenance of
      body temperature in rats. Differences in drug-induced changes in body
      temperatures during sleep and wakefulness--during the day and at night--were also
      investigated. Norepinephrine injected in the mPOA, produced a fall in body
      temperature, whereas phenoxybenzamine produced an increase. Saline and
      propranolol produced no alteration. Norepinephrine and phenoxybenzamine produced
      alterations in sleep-wakefulness also. These changes in sleep-wakefulness did not
      completely explain the thermal changes. The findings highlight the need for
      taking into account the basal activity and the time of application of drug in
      studies on thermo-regulation, using free moving animals.

PMID- 4063839
TI  - Auditory evoked potentials recorded from conscious sheep.
AB  - The auditory evoked potentials produced in response to a click stimulus were
      measured in the conscious sheep. The early components, the brain stem evoked
      potentials (BSEPs) were reproducible and similar to those observed in the other
      animals as well as man and appeared to have frequencies that are the three
      subharmonics of the main frequency component of the click stimulus. The longer
      latency components were more variable in latency and amplitude, but the
      frequencies were similar to that observed in humans.

PMID- 4063840
TI  - A HRP qualitative and quantitative study of the intra-hemispheric connections of
      kittens.
AB  - In post-natal kittens which were given injections of HRP in the suprasylvian
      gyrus (polysensory cortex), the cortico-cortical connections were studied
      qualitatively and quantitatively. These connections originate essentially from
      cortical cells localized in cortices of the upper part of the hemisphere. They
      are formed preferentially with cortices involved in the visual function.
      Connections between the cingulate, prefrontal and area 19 cortices, have been
      described here. Layers III and V are quantitatively the most highly involved in
      these connections. The number of connections is related to axon length: the
      connections are more numerous the shorter the neuron axons, and thus the nearer
      they lie to the cortex injected. The HRP+ cells appear first in the cell layers
      which will subsequently be most marked quantitatively. The cortico-cortical
      connections appear in the following order: connections of medium length, then
      short, then long. The system of cortico-cortical connections of the injected
      cortex forms chronologically during the first 3 weeks following birth in the
      following order: 1st week: Connections of primary nuclei to primary cortex, 2nd
      week: Connections of non-primary cortex to non-primary cortex, 3rd week:
      Connections of primary cortex to non-primary cortex.

PMID- 4063842
TI  - Response of cat skin mechanothermal nociceptors to cold stimulation.
AB  - In the cat skin, the activity of 5 mechanothermal nociceptors has been studied to
      cold nociceptive stimuli. The frequency of discharge is very low (maximum of 2.0
      Hz). The repetition of very cold stimulations decreased the discharge threshold
      of these receptors. After -5 degrees C stimulus, the mechanothermal nociceptors
      were completely inhibited during 3 to 7 minutes. These mechanothermal nociceptors
      should have an important function in cold pain.

PMID- 4063841
TI  - A new method for drug application using electrolysis of water.
AB  - A micropipette for drug application using the electrolysis of water is described.
      The drug solution is applied from the tip of a micropipette by the pressure of
      the hydrogen and oxygen gas that are produced by electrolysis of water in the
      micropipette. The amount of the drug applied is proportioned to the applied
      current and time of electrolysis. This method is simple, reliable and effective
      for the application of any kind of drug.

PMID- 4063843
TI  - Dopamine-dependent contralateral circling induced by neurotensin applied
      unilaterally to the ventral tegmental area in rats.
AB  - Unilateral application of neurotensin (5, 10, and 15 micrograms) to the ventral
      tegmental area in rats caused contralateral circling. Pretreatment with pimozide
      (0.5 mg/kg) blocked the behavior. As is the case with circling elicited by
      unilateral ventral tegmental morphine, the diameter of the circles made by the
      animals was determined by environmental factors rather than by internal motor
      programming.

PMID- 4063844
TI  - [Methods and basis for examinations using stimulatory electrodiagnosis].

PMID- 4063845
TI  - [Formation of adenine nucleotides from adenosine in the brain of rats during
      oxygen insufficiency].

PMID- 4063846
TI  - [Skin temperature changes during a stress test on a bicycle ergometer and its
      relation to the nature of athletic activity].

PMID- 4063847
TI  - [Cushing's syndrome and obesity imitating this syndrome].

PMID- 4063848
TI  - [Testing synthetic materials using tissue cultures].

PMID- 4063850
TI  - [Etiopathogenesis of habitual dislocations of the lower anterior part of the
      shoulder joint and its treatment].

PMID- 4063849
TI  - [Personal experience with cryotherapy of benign lesions of the cervical portio].

PMID- 4063851
TI  - [Ileus--a complication of taeniasis in a patient following cesarean section].

PMID- 4063852
TI  - [Biologico-experimental orientation in the practical part of the teaching of
      biophysics at medical schools--conceptual changes arising from the present status
      and perspectives in the development of biophysics].

PMID- 4063853
TI  - [A one-year study of the incidence of paroxysmal tachyarrhythmia in relation to
      the lunar cycle].

PMID- 4063854
TI  - [Incidence of malignant tumors in persons past the productive years in Slovakia
      1960-1982].

PMID- 4063855
TI  - [Antiarrhythmic and hemodynamic effects of derivatives of pyridoindole (DH 1011)
      on experimental models of disorders of rhythm and heart function].

PMID- 4063856
TI  - [Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic evaluation of the size of the left
      atrium].

PMID- 4063857
TI  - [Falsely elevated urinary catecholamine excretion in alpha-methyldopa therapy].

PMID- 4063858
TI  - [Relation between proteinuria and metabolic compensation in type I diabetics].

PMID- 4063859
TI  - [Carcinomatous lymphangiopathy of the lungs as a cause of cardiorespiratory
      failure].

PMID- 4063860
TI  - [Various aspects of the treatment of acute torticollis].

PMID- 4063861
TI  - [Mycoplasma hominis as a possible etiologic factor in diseases of the female
      genitalia].

PMID- 4063862
TI  - [A case of asymptomatic intralobar pulmonary sequestration in adulthood].

PMID- 4063863
TI  - [The structure of concretions in animals from the viewpoint of biomechanics].

PMID- 4063864
TI  - [The occurrence of Pelger-Huet anomaly in Slovakia].

PMID- 4063865
TI  - Oedema measurements in a standard burn model.
AB  - A highly standardized, reproducible burn model on rat hind paw as well as a
      method to measure oedema volume non-invasively is described. Along with a review
      of the literature on earlier methods to measure post-burn oedema we present a
      statistical evaluation of the present model with notes on its applicability in
      various experimental settings.

PMID- 4063866
TI  - Early post-burn oedema in leucocyte-free rats.
AB  - A highly standardized, reproducible burn model on rat hind paws with objective
      measurement of oedema volume was used to study the post-burn oedema formation in
      leucocyte-free rats as compared to a matched group of normal rats. No difference
      in oedema volume could be detected during the first 4 h post-burn. Thus the
      mechanical effect of sticking leucocytes in the injured area or leucocyte derived
      substances do not seem to play any significant role in the early local oedema
      formation which we postulate is entirely mediated by local events.

PMID- 4063867
TI  - The haematopoietic response to burning: an autopsy study.
AB  - Many haematopoietic changes follow severe burn injury. Abnormalities in the
      production and function of granulocytes have been reported, as have changes in
      peripheral blood platelet counts. Anaemia invariably occurs and has a
      multifactorial aetiology including haemorrhage and haemolysis. To study these
      changes further, haematopathological materials from 22 patients who had died of
      burning were compared with a control group of haematologically normal people who
      had died suddenly and a third group of patients who had died of sepsis.
      Granulocytes and megakaryocytes were increase in the marrow of burned patients
      while erythroid tissue was reduced compared with both control groups. There was
      no evidence of extramedullary haematopoiesis. This study provides morphological
      evidence that the rate of erythropoiesis is reduced post burn and suggests that
      this plays a role in the anaemia seen after burn injury.

PMID- 4063868
TI  - Psychosocial adjustment of burn survivors.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the magnitude and predictors of
      psychosocial adjustment in burn victims. It was postulated that once individuals
      sustain a burn, their long-term psychosocial adjustment is a function of their
      present coping responses, social resources, burn severity and time since burn. It
      was expected that these variables could also be used to identify individuals at
      risk for psychosocial maladjustment. A historical cohort analytical survey of 340
      randomly selected adults and the mothers of 145 children who had sustained either
      major or minor burns during the past 12 years were administered the Coping Scale,
      Participation in Social and Recreational Activities Index, Social Support and the
      Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale. The children's mothers also completed
      the Family Environment Scale and the Child Behaviour Checklist. In summary, the
      variance in psychosocial adjustment among adults was related to unemployment,
      loss of occupational status, avoidance coping, and little involvement in
      recreational activities. Together, these variables explained 40 per cent of the
      variance in psychosocial adjustment. Severity of the burn and time since the burn
      were not related to psychosocial adjustment. The prevalence of psychosocial
      maladjustment among the adults was 10 per cent and 15.7 per cent among children.
      Psychosocial adjustment among children was not related to the severity of the
      burn. The less adjusted children could be distinguished from adjusted children on
      the basis of their mothers' adjustment and methods of coping. The findings tended
      to refute the commonly held view that post-burn adjustment is associated with
      burn severity and suggests psychosocial adjustment is a function of both coping
      responses and social resources.

PMID- 4063869
TI  - Keraunoparalysis, a 'specific' lightning injury.
AB  - Lightning paralysis or keraunoparalysis, a transient paralysis associated with
      extreme vasoconstriction and sensory disturbances of one or more extremities as a
      result of lightning impact is described in two patients.

PMID- 4063870
TI  - The clinical use of a tubular compression bandage, Tubigrip, for burn-scar
      therapy: a critical analysis.
AB  - Control of burn-scar hypertrophy remains a priority in the care of the burn
      patient. However, because of the problems associated with traditional compression
      therapy methods a study of the clinical utility of a tubular compressive bandage
      (TCB) was initiated. The clinical effectiveness of TCB was determined by studying
      210 separate anatomic burn sites in 88 burn patients with a mean age of 25 years
      and a mean burn size of 21 per cent of the total body surface area (TBSA). To
      facilitate analysis of the results the patients were divided into two groups, the
      first group consisted of 71 patients who received prophylactic pressure therapy
      and a second group of 17 patients who received therapeutic pressure therapy after
      the establishment of hypertrophic scars. Mean follow-up of the entire group of
      patients was 11 months. The anatomic area involved by the burn was the most
      important factor in determining the effectiveness of TCB in this study. Failures
      primarily occurred at sites of mobility where pressure could not be consistently
      delivered or maintained, including the digits of the hand, axilla, groin and the
      head/neck regions. Overall, 85 per cent of the anatomic sites treated had good or
      satisfactory results. Based on the results of this study, we use TCB on all burn
      patients, who are at risk of developing burn-scar hypertrophy, immediately after
      the burn wound has healed or been surgically closed.

PMID- 4063871
TI  - The effect of prompt local cooling on oedema formation in scalded rat paws.
AB  - A standardized, reproducible burn model on rat paw was used and the effect of
      prompt local cooling on the oedema formation was measured using a newly developed
      non-invasive method. A transient reduction in oedema formation was observed
      lasting for a longer period of time with decreasing temperature down to 0 degrees
      C and increasing cooling time up to 120 min. The decrease in oedema formation was
      followed by an increase towards or above the amount of oedema in untreated scald
      injury. This post-cooling increase in oedema formation was related to the
      temperature and the exposure time of the cooling fluid. The immediate effects of
      cooling are most likely due to local restriction of the blood flow as a result of
      cold-induced vasoconstriction. The increase of the oedema formation after the
      cooling period may be due to reactive hyperaemia.

PMID- 4063873
TI  - The effects of estrogen on apolipoprotein synthesis.
AB  - Sex steroids are important regulators of apolipoprotein synthesis and metabolism
      in a wide variety of species. In man, epidemiological studies have established
      strong correlations between sex steroid levels, circulating apolipoprotein
      profiles, and atherosclerotic risk. In this review, we compare data obtained from
      studies on two model systems that are being used to examine molecular mechanisms
      by which estrogens and androgens may influence hepatic lipoprotein synthesis. The
      first involves estrogen-dependent induction of lipoprotein synthesis in avian
      liver and the second involves estrogen-dependent modulation of lipoprotein
      synthesis in the human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2.

PMID- 4063872
TI  - Partial characterization of chromosomal proteins tightly bound to chicken
      erythroid DNA.
AB  - Extraction of chicken reticulocyte and erythrocyte chromatins with 2 M NaCl
      yields a small fraction (about 5%) of the total DNA which is very tightly bound
      to a class of nonhistone chromatin proteins (DNA-P). This DNA fraction has
      previously been shown to be significantly enriched in active gene sequences. The
      proteins associated with reticulocyte and erythrocyte DNA-P were analyzed by two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis. Reticulocyte DNA-P yield predominantly three
      major proteins, designated G1, G2, and G3 with relative masses of 80 000, 50 000,
      and 58 000, respectively. Erythrocyte DNA-P show only two proteins which appear
      to be similar to the reticulocyte G1 and G2 proteins, except in much reduced
      quantities as revealed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      Amino acid analysis of the three reticulocyte proteins revealed that the ratio of
      acidic to basic amino acid residues increased in the order G1 less than G2 less
      than G3, while the respective isoelectric points also increased in that order.

PMID- 4063874
TI  - Banding differences between tiger salamander and axolotl chromosomes.
AB  - The Hoechst 33258 - Giemsa banding patterns were compared on axolotl (Ambystoma
      mexicanum Shaw) and axolotl - tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum Green) species
      hybrid prophase chromosomes. Approximately 369 bands per haploid chromosome set
      were seen in the axolotl and about 344 bands in the tiger salamander. In the
      haploid set of 14 chromosomes, chromosome 3 has a constant short or q-arm
      terminal constriction at the location of the nucleolar organizer. Chromosomes 14
      Z and W carry the sex determinants, the female being the heterogametic sex (ZW).
      The banding patterns of chromosomes 1, 6, 11, and 14 Z of the two species are
      apparently indistinguishable by our banding method. In the axolotl, chromosome 9
      has a small long or p-arm terminal deletion. In the tiger salamander, the
      remaining 10 chromosomes have terminal or internal deletions. No translocations
      or inversions seem to have occurred since the gene pool separation of the two
      closely related species.

PMID- 4063875
TI  - Cytogenetic studies in spontaneous abortion: the Calgary experience.
AB  - In a series of 493 apparently consecutive products of spontaneous abortions
      obtained for cytogenetic studies, tissue culture was attempted in 428 cases;
      chromosome analysis using the Q-banding technique was completed in 215 cases
      (50.2%). Abnormal karyotypes were identified in 80 cases (37.2%). Maternal tissue
      contamination was apparent and the actual frequency of karyotypic abnormal
      abortuses could be as high as 50%. Comparison of the frequency of a specific type
      of chromosome abnormalities with nine other series of studies showed the lowest
      frequency of autosomal trisomies and the highest frequency of triploidies and
      structural aberrations in the Calgary series. In addition, a significantly lower
      gestational age was observed for triploidies 69, XXX as compared to the 69, XXY.

PMID- 4063876
TI  - Physician manpower: are the statistics and assumptions valid?

PMID- 4063877
TI  - Impact of the recording bandwidth on the electroretinogram.
AB  - Previous investigators have suggested using a recording bandwidth of 100 to 1000
      Hz to selectively amplify the oscillatory potentials (OPs) of the
      electroretinogram (ERG). The data reported in this article do not support this
      recommendation. Comparisons between the usual broadband (1- to 1000-Hz) ERG and
      that recorded with a narrower bandwidth (100 to 1000 Hz) indicate that the two
      ERGs have the same temporal features. The only differences noted are in amplitude
      and configuration, and these filter-induced modifications are predictable. The
      100- to 1000-Hz ERG thus appears more like a low-voltage version of the 1- to
      1000-Hz one than a recording with selective amplification of some hidden high
      frequency subcomponents. A novel interpretation of ERG-wave synthesis that could
      account for these findings is suggested.

PMID- 4063878
TI  - Oscillations on the electroretinogram: a synthetic approach.
AB  - A synthetic approach was used to examine the contribution that the oscillatory
      potentials (OPs) bring to the genesis of the electroretinogram. The data suggest
      that the OPs may be more important contributors than has generally been
      recognized.

PMID- 4063879
TI  - Intractable periocular hemangioma of infancy.
AB  - A case of intractable giant periocular hemangioma in an infant is described. This
      histologically benign but locally invasive tumour is reviewed from the point of
      view of complications and available treatment modalities. The indications for
      therapy with a relatively new antifibrinolytic agent, tranexamic acid, are cited.

PMID- 4063880
TI  - DNA relatedness among aquatic yeasts of the genus Metschnikowia and proposal of
      the species Metschnikowia australis comb. nov.
AB  - DNA hybridization studies were conducted to determine the taxonomic status of the
      aquatic group of Metschnikowia species and their varieties. Among the DNAs of the
      four varieties of Metschnikowia bicuspidata, that of Metschnikowia bicuspidata
      var. australis showed 37 to 51% relative binding with the DNAs of Metschnikowia
      bicuspidata var. bicuspidata and of the varieties chathamia and californica. On
      this basis, low intervarietal fertility, and unique habitat in antarctic
      seawater, we have proposed to raise M. bicuspidata var. australis to the rank of
      species, Metschnikowia australis, comb. nov. DNA complementarity of Metschnikowia
      bicuspidata var. californica and Metschnikowia bicuspidata var. chathamia DNA was
      greater than 80% with that of M. bicuspidata var. bicuspidata. Metschnikowia
      australis can be differentiated from other Metschnikowia species and varieties by
      its inability to form chlamydospores, the formation of two needle-shaped
      ascospores per ascus, lack of glucose fermentation, and lack of assimilation of
      both methyl-alpha-D-glucoside and glucono-delta-lactone. Other DNA-DNA
      reassociation experiments showed that Metschnikowia zobellii is a distinct
      species when compared with both aquatic and terrestrial species of the genus.

PMID- 4063881
TI  - [Isolation of micro-organisms of the species Listeria from raw milk intended for
      human consumption].
AB  - Refrigerated mixtures of raw milk provided by a dairy which was supplied by farms
      from west and central Spain were tested for the presence of Listeria
      microorganisms. A total of 95 samples were taken at regular intervals over a 16
      month period. Listeria grayi was isolated from 89.5% of the samples, Listeria
      monocytogenes s. str. from 45.3%, Listeria innocua from 15.8%, Listeria
      welshimeri from 3.1%, and Listeria seeligeri from 1.05%. Listeria ivanovii,
      Listeria murrayi, and Listeria denitrificans were not isolated.

PMID- 4063883
TI  - Inflammatory breast carcinoma: an alternative mechanism for its clinical
      manifestation.

PMID- 4063882
TI  - Some conditions influencing the association of Yersinia enterocolitica with
      epithelial cells in vitro.
AB  - The association of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:5,27 with Henle 407
      epithelial cells in vitro was measured by using 35S-labelled bacteria with
      separation of unassociated bacteria by filtration (Nuclepore polycarbonate 5
      micron membrane). The number of associated bacteria was related to the initial
      multiplicity. Changes in beginning pH, the presence of protein, availability of
      Ca2+ and Mg2+, and nature of carbohydrate in a defined bacterial growth medium
      did not change the degree of epithelial cell association. Bacteria recovered from
      the log phase of growth at 25 degrees C, or after growth to stationary phase at
      35 degrees C, showed no association with epithelial cells. Optimal association
      occurred when the pH provided during interaction was between 7.6 and 8.6 and the
      temperature was either 25 or 35 degrees C. No association occurred within 30 min
      at 4 degrees C. The presence of Ca2+ and (or) Mg2+ during interaction had no
      effect, but the addition of peptone increased association. The results of this
      study demonstrate the importance of controlling both conditions provided for
      bacterial growth and those provided for interaction to achieve optimal
      association of Y. enterocolitica with epithelial cells in vitro.

PMID- 4063884
TI  - Role of lymphoscintigraphy in breast cancer.

PMID- 4063885
TI  - Does a trauma-management system improve outcome for children with life
      threatening injuries?
AB  - The authors describe the management system at their statewide pediatric trauma
      centre. The system includes nonoperative management of liver and splenic
      injuries, allowing more aggressive treatment of head injuries. The large volume
      of injuries treated, combined with weekly morbidity and mortality conferences and
      the establishment of a registry that records injury severity scores, aids the
      development and evaluation of new techniques in pediatric trauma care.

PMID- 4063886
TI  - The comprehensive burn unit.
AB  - A burn unit is only as good as its staff. Trained, experienced nurses, therapists
      and surgeons accustomed to dealing with large open wounds are a major requisite
      for the care of burned patients, who have a multisystem disease. Equipment needs
      include monitors, hydrotherapy tank, ready access to the operating room and
      comprehensive rehabilitation facilities. Skilled anesthesia, consultative support
      in nephrology, respirology, pediatrics and infectious diseases, a blood bank,
      access to human allograft and good microbiology support are necessary.
      Ventilatory support for associated smoke inhalation injury may be provided on the
      unit or in a separate ventilatory intensive care unit with isolation capability.
      In 1982, 29.9 Canadians per 100 000 were hospitalized for burn care
      (approximately 20% to 25% in burn units). Burn care requires a high staff-to
      patient ratio and a hospital budget to support this is mandatory.

PMID- 4063887
TI  - Research in trauma.
AB  - Successful research in clinical trauma requires the researcher to be exposed to
      many injured patients, have a personal commitment to research conducted at
      inconvenient hours and be inquisitive so as to identify clinical problems that
      need scientific answers. Once initiated, a research project necessitates the
      collection and storage of clinical data on a weekly basis before patient
      discharge. A computer data program facilitates later retrieval and statistical
      analysis. Departmental support of the clinical investigator is mandatory.
      Although the personal commitments for producing first-rate clinical research may
      seem excessive, the rewards are commensurate.

PMID- 4063888
TI  - Accident-injury organization: Canadian overview.
AB  - Trauma from motor vehicle accidents is a major health-care problem, resulting in
      enormous economic losses to the country, and is second only to heart disease as a
      reason for hospitalization in Canada. Funding fro research and accident-injury
      programs is critically low. National and provincial trauma registries must be
      developed to provide data that can be used appropriately to plan and monitor the
      strategy of accident health-care and prevention programs. Manitoba, which has in
      place a trauma registry, has a province-wide trauma system comprising two
      comprehensive trauma units and seven regional centres located strategically in
      the catchment areas of the major centres. A comparison of the performance of this
      system with that of hospitals in Baltimore has shown that the Manitoba system
      provides an equal level of care. The author recommends that a trauma system be
      established that a trauma system be established in regions of one to two million
      population. Each region should have one to three comprehensive trauma services
      and a number of regional trauma services, each strategically located. With
      appropriate funding for trauma care, the proposed system would pay for itself.

PMID- 4063889
TI  - The German model for rescue of traumatized patients.
AB  - Accidents and their sequelae are the main cause of death in Germany among people
      under 40 years of age. The cost in disability payments and lost work averages $40
      000 per injury. The author describes the German system for trauma rescue. The
      aims of rescue care in Germany are to reduce the interval between injury and
      hospital admission and to bring the patient to the right hospital, bypassing
      smaller hospitals if necessary. Ambulance rescue systems are of two types: the
      stationary, in which the physician travels with the ambulance, and the
      rendezvous, in which the physician and ambulance, travelling separately, meet at
      the accident site. At the beginning of the 1970s the air-rescue system was
      started and now comprises 32 stations and 25 BO-105 helicopters. The Hannover
      experience shows that of the initial diagnoses made at the accident site by
      helicopter rescue service, 51.9% of victims had head injuries, 35.5% fractures of
      extremities, 17.0% thoracic trauma, 10.2% abdominal trauma and 7.6% spinal
      fractures. Because of respiratory insufficiency or unconsciousness with danger of
      aspiration, 12.0% of the patients had to be intubated endotracheally. One hundred
      and twenty-two patients with a clinical diagnosis of death were successfully
      resuscitated at the accident scene. A study comparing the efficiency of the
      helicopter and ambulance systems showed that as the severity of the injuries
      increases, the death rate is greater in the group rescued by ambulance. Of 22
      accidents involving rescue helicopters, 7 (32%) resulted in at least one death.
      Between 1973 and 1983, 16 doctors, pilots or attendants were killed.

PMID- 4063890
TI  - Bioprostheses for cardiac valve replacement.
AB  - Biologic tissue has been used successfully for cardiac valve substitutes since
      the introduction of glutaraldehyde preservation in 1969. Assessment of the
      clinical performance of prosthetic valves requires consideration of
      thromboembolism, anticoagulant-related hemorrhage, prosthetic valve endocarditis,
      periprosthetic leak and prosthesis failure. Two methods of assessment of valve
      performance, linearized occurrence rates and multiple decrement analysis of valve
      related complications, are illustrated in evaluation of previous and new
      generation Carpentier-Edwards porcine bioprostheses. The standard valve has a
      valve-related complication rate of 2.9% per patient-year over 5 years, while the
      rate for the new-generation supra-annular prosthesis is 4.3% per patient-year in
      the 2-year interval. Thromboembolism has been 1.6% and 1.7% per patient-year,
      respectively, for the previous and new-generation prostheses. Primary tissue
      failure has occurred only in the standard prosthesis, 0.6% per patient-year. The
      freedom from all valve-related complications is 93.1% at 2 years and 87.5% at 6
      years with the standard valve and 95.1% at 2 years with the new-generation
      prosthesis. Standardized assessment of prosthetic performance should provide
      physicians and surgeons with the knowledge to optimize patient management. The
      new-generation biologic prostheses with improved preservation should reduce
      calcification and fatigue lesions. Tissue valves have afforded patients an
      excellent quality of life with a low incidence of valve-related complications.

PMID- 4063891
TI  - The Madreporic cementless total hip arthroplasty: short-term North American
      experience.
AB  - Forty-four Madreporic, cementless, total hip arthroplasties performed on 41
      patients were reviewed, with special attention to overall clinical results and
      radiologic findings. Follow-up averaged 17 months (range from 6 to 27 months).
      Subjectively, 87% of patients rated the results of their operation as being
      excellent or good; objectively, 92.5% were in the excellent or good category,
      using the Harris hip scale rating system. Short-term radiologic findings were of
      major interest, with proximal medial calcar reabsorption (7 hips), thickening of
      the lateral cortex at the tip of the femoral stem (2 hips) and sclerosis at the
      tip of the femoral component (15 hips) all being present. Complications were
      associated with 11 operations, but adversely affected long-term results in only
      two hips. The authors conclude that short-term clinical results using Madreporic
      total hip replacement are satisfactory. However, long-term biomechanical effects
      of stress shielding and use of a large, rigid, femoral component in the
      uncemented total hip replacement are unknown. A long-term, follow-up study is
      necessary to demonstrate whether the early radiologic findings in this series are
      progressive and whether they will result in serious morbidity with time. The
      authors strongly believe that the Madreporic cementless total hip arthroplasty
      should be used only in centres dealing with a large volume of hip conditions
      where staff are committed to documenting and reporting the results of surgery
      regularly.

PMID- 4063892
TI  - Long-term follow-up of concomitant band ligation and sclerotherapy for internal
      hemorrhoids.
AB  - From 1978 to 1983, 111 patients with symptomatic internal hemorrhoids were
      treated as outpatients by a modification of the Barron ligation technique. Each
      ligated hemorrhoid was injected with a sclerosant. Follow-up, available for 94 of
      the patients, ranged from 2 to 60 months (mean 18 months). Presenting symptoms
      were bleeding in 75 (80%) of the 94 patients, pain in 46 (49%), pruritus in 22
      (23%) and prolapse in 24 (26%). Results were excellent in 51 (54%) patients, good
      in 20 (21%) and fair in 9 (10%). Fourteen (15%) patients had unsatisfactory
      results; only 4 of these required hemorrhoidectomy. The other 10 had residual
      symptoms but did not require further treatment. Nine patients had minor
      complications, which included pain lasting 24 to 72 hours in seven, bleeding in
      one and syncope in one. The addition of sclerotherapy to traditional band
      ligation for the management of internal hemorrhoids has the advantages of
      exciting a greater inflammatory reaction between the mucosa and submucosa and
      preventing premature slipping of the band. The authors conclude that this method
      of therapy is effective for symptomatic hemorrhoids and that surgical
      hemorrhoidectomy is seldom indicated.

PMID- 4063893
TI  - Effect of cyclosporine on host defence.
AB  - To discover whether cyclosporine administered daily in therapeutic equivalent
      doses for 3 consecutive weeks suppressed host defence, the authors measured the
      delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin response to keyhole-limpet hemocyanin
      (KLH) in rats. Twenty, male, Sprague-Dawley rats were sensitized to KLH and
      reactivity was confirmed 14 days later. Following sensitization, cyclosporine (20
      mg/kg orally) was administered daily for 21 days to 10 rats. The other 10
      (control group) received equivalent volumes of diluent (polysorbate 80 and
      ethanol). There was no difference in the DTH response between the cyclosporine
      and control groups for 5 weeks following treatment. Larger doses of cyclosporine
      (100 mg/kg) given intraperitoneally 30 minutes before and 6 hours after skin
      testing, suppressed the DTH response (7.2 mm to 2.4 mm) but resulted in a high
      mortality (eight of nine rats) at 48 hours. Delayed-type hypersensitivity was
      also suppressed in the control group but to a lesser extent and with no deaths
      (6.4 to 3.9 mm, p less than 0.05). Cyclosporine, in therapeutic equivalent doses,
      does not suppress the nonspecific immune component of host defence as reflected
      by the DTH skin response in previously sensitized animals. This may partially
      explain the lower frequency of septic morbidity and mortality in cyclosporine
      treated transplant patients, compared with those receiving conventional therapy.

PMID- 4063894
TI  - Laryngeal chondrosarcoma: gross pathological, histologic and electron microscopic
      characteristics.
AB  - Chondrosarcoma is an uncommon cartilaginous tumour of the upper respiratory
      tract, and its morphology and clinical course vary widely. Few reports have
      evaluated the clinicopathological findings of this tumour in the larynx. This
      paper reports on a low-grade chondrosarcoma in a 44-year-old woman who required
      laryngectomy for cure. The gross pathological, histologic and electron
      microscopic features of the tumour are analysed with respect to its clinical
      course, using histopathological criteria.

PMID- 4063895
TI  - Dysphagia following vagotomy.
AB  - Dysphagia is a fairly common complication of vagotomy but has received little
      attention in the literature. The authors reviewed the hospital records of 79
      patients who underwent highly selective vagotomy or truncal vagotomy with various
      types of drainage. Overall, 11 patients (13.9%) suffered from dysphagia, which
      was generally of short duration. The incidence of dysphagia was significantly (p
      less than 0.001) higher after highly selective vagotomy than after truncal
      vagotomy (60% versus 7.2%). There was no significant difference between the
      occurrence of dysphagia after elective compared with emergency truncal vagotomy.
      The dysphagia usually resolves spontaneously and requires no specific therapy.

PMID- 4063896
TI  - Chylopericardium following cardiac surgery.
AB  - Chylopericardium is one of the rarest complications of cardiac surgery. The
      authors report only the 19th case, that of a 12-year-old boy. The
      chylopericardium developed after an aortic valvotomy, even though the
      retropericardial portion of the mediastinum was entered only to pass a tape
      around the ascending aorta. Etiologic factors are directly or indirectly related
      to injury to the thoracic duct or tis tributaries. Treatment initially is
      conservative, consisting of adequate pericardial drainage and a low-fat, medium
      chain triglyceride diet. If this fails, the appropriate operative procedure is
      carried out.

PMID- 4063897
TI  - Psychiatric assessment of patients with "20th-century disease" ("total allergy
      syndrome").
AB  - "Twentieth-century disease", or "total allergy syndrome", is a condition
      attributed to hypersensitivity to the environment that may sometimes be seen as
      so serious that the patient is incapable of living in the modern world. Although
      the popular media frequently carry stories about it, there is little scientific
      literature. It is diagnosed by clinical ecologists, who maintain, among other
      theories, that susceptible individuals experience an overload in assaults by
      artificial materials in the environment. The patients usually have multiple ill
      defined symptoms for which no organic cause can be found, but they vigorously
      resist psychiatric referral, as they attribute their symptoms to allergy. A group
      of 18 patients who were purportedly suffering from 20th-century disease were
      referred to a university psychiatric consultation liaison service. They virtually
      all had a long history of visits to physicians, and their symptoms were
      characteristic of several well known psychiatric disorders. The case histories
      and management of three of them are presented. Although this group of patients
      may have been atypical in that they had more severe psychologic symptoms, the
      experience indicates that a psychiatric diagnosis ought to be considered. The
      symptoms of 20th-century disease have much in common with other conditions known
      to physicians for centuries.

PMID- 4063898
TI  - Rare cause of streptococcal C empyema.

PMID- 4063899
TI  - Painful pseudohepatomegaly caused by loculated ascites.

PMID- 4063900
TI  - Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma with fatal cardiac metastasis.

PMID- 4063902
TI  - Arbovirus activity in Canada in 1984.

PMID- 4063901
TI  - Neonatal sepsis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID- 4063903
TI  - The Canadian Medical Association membership survey: opinions on issues facing the
      medical profession.

PMID- 4063904
TI  - The physician in the information age: interim results of the CMA iNet trial.

PMID- 4063905
TI  - Brazil's Institute of Tropical Medicine: it's not pretty but it works.

PMID- 4063907
TI  - Carbon monoxide poisoning.

PMID- 4063906
TI  - Management of human bite injuries of the hand.

PMID- 4063908
TI  - Diarrhea treatment: oral rehydration salt?

PMID- 4063909
TI  - Gram's stain for Legionella.

PMID- 4063910
TI  - Infant seats for planes: will it ever happen?

PMID- 4063911
TI  - Transdermally administered scopolamine.

PMID- 4063912
TI  - Should scientists study "20th-century disease"?

PMID- 4063913
TI  - Candida and "20th-century disease".

PMID- 4063914
TI  - Postgraduate training for family practice and the specialties: there are enough
      positions.

PMID- 4063916
TI  - Treatment of early-stage Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 4063917
TI  - Hair analysis.

PMID- 4063915
TI  - Estrogen receptor status of breast cancer in Ontario.
AB  - Data from a number of studies of breast cancer have suggested that after the ages
      associated with the menopause the rates of estrogen-receptor-positive tumours
      increase with age, whereas the rates of estrogen-receptor-negative tumours do
      not. Previous investigators studied cases in specific treatment centres, so there
      was a possibility that the findings were influenced by differences in patterns of
      case referral by age. A review of all the cases of breast cancer diagnosed in
      Ontario women in 1981 and assayed for estrogen receptors, however, confirmed the
      earlier findings. The results showed that the incidence of estrogen-receptor
      positive and estrogen-receptor-negative tumours increased at about the same rate
      before age 45, but thereafter an increase in incidence was seen only for estrogen
      receptor-positive tumours. These differences in patterns of incidence suggest the
      possibility that the two types of tumour may have different etiologic factors.

PMID- 4063918
TI  - Physicians for a Smoke-Free Canada.

PMID- 4063920
TI  - Common sense in continuing medical education.

PMID- 4063919
TI  - Ketoconazole. Infectious Diseases and Immunization Committee, Canadian Paediatric
      Society.

PMID- 4063922
TI  - MDs and compulsory blood alcohol testing: it's now law.

PMID- 4063923
TI  - Helping children cope with death.

PMID- 4063921
TI  - Lipid profile of a French-Canadian population: 1. Association of plasma lipid and
      lipoprotein levels with age, relative body weight and education.
AB  - Plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels were determined in a randomly selected
      population of 1169 French-Canadian men in the Quebec City area. The mean levels
      of total plasma cholesterol and triglycerides were 224.0 and 166.5 mg/dL
      respectively. The mean level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher
      and the mean level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol lower than those
      reported in a recent study in English-Canadian men. The mean HDL2 and HDL3 levels
      were lower than those reported in American men. Stratification of plasma
      triglyceride levels for all age groups showed that mean HDL2 levels decreased
      rapidly with moderate rises in triglyceride levels. Less than 9% of the variation
      in lipid or lipoprotein levels was related to age or relative body weight.
      Education had no significant effect on the levels.

PMID- 4063924
TI  - Ten words to adopt for 1986.

PMID- 4063925
TI  - Reuse of permanent cardiac pacemakers.

PMID- 4063926
TI  - Age at death: physicians and ministers of religion.

PMID- 4063927
TI  - Generic drug names: deliberate mouthful.

PMID- 4063928
TI  - Teleconferencing for a journal club.

PMID- 4063929
TI  - Occult blood screening.

PMID- 4063930
TI  - Africa: the real problem.

PMID- 4063931
TI  - Smoke alarms in the home: what every physician should know.
AB  - Primary care physicians interested in health education and accident prevention
      should be knowledgeable about smoke alarms (smoke detectors with built-in
      alarms). Either ionization or photoelectric smoke alarms can help save lives if
      they are properly installed and maintained. The number, site and maintenance of
      smoke alarms in the home and the steps a person should take in the event of a
      fire are discussed. Considering the rates of death, disability and disfigurement
      associated with residential fires, early warning devices such as smoke alarms
      make sense.

PMID- 4063932
TI  - Risk factors for perinatal mortality in Canada.
AB  - A population-based computer record-linkage study of infant births and deaths in
      1978 and 1979 in eight Canadian provinces (Quebec and Newfoundland were excluded)
      was undertaken to permit analysis of perinatal mortality in relation to maternal
      and infant characteristics. Perinatal mortality rates were significantly higher
      in nonurban than in urban areas (p less than 0.05). A logistic regression model
      was used to assess the effects on perinatal mortality of variables reported on
      birth and stillbirth records. This model included length of gestation, infant's
      birth weight and sex, number of previous births and number of previous
      stillbirths as well as an interaction term for length of gestation and birth
      weight. For early-neonatal mortality, odds ratios over 8 were observed for birth
      weight less than 2500 g or gestation less than 35 weeks. About 75% of early
      neonatal mortality was attributable to low birth weight or fetal immaturity.
      Greater emphasis should be placed on the prevention of low birth weight.

PMID- 4063933
TI  - Risk factors for reactivation of tuberculosis in Manitoba.
AB  - Although rates of reported cases of active tuberculosis have been declining in
      Manitoba and throughout Canada over the past two decades, the percentage of
      active cases due to reactivated tuberculosis has remained relatively constant.
      From 1976 to 1981, 113 cases of reactivated tuberculosis were listed in the
      Manitoba tuberculosis registry. We found that 36 cases did not meet our criteria
      for reactivation, primarily because there was no 6-month period of inactivity;
      another 5 cases could not be verified. In more than half of the remaining 72 the
      initial episode had occurred before 1960. We also randomly selected from the
      registry as controls 118 age- and sex-matched cases of nonreactivated
      tuberculosis. We found that registered Indian status was significantly associated
      with risk of reactivation, especially when the initial disease had been
      extensive. Awareness of high-risk groups, earlier diagnosis and adequate
      treatment are needed to prevent reactivated tuberculosis.

PMID- 4063934
TI  - Lead poisoning from an Asian Indian folk remedy.

PMID- 4063935
TI  - Q-fever endocarditis.

PMID- 4063936
TI  - Patterns of illness among individuals reporting high and low stress.
AB  - This paper reports the results of a prospective study of 428 adults, which was
      designed to explore the relationship between social stress and health.
      Individuals in the study were grouped into cohorts based on the number of
      stressful events experienced in a 12 month period, and the differences in the
      quantity and quality of health measures among the cohorts in the same time period
      explored. Individuals under stress experienced considerably more illness
      (assessed by symptoms reported on health diary and physician visits) than those
      not under stress. However the quality of these illness episodes were similar in
      both groups, as measured by the distribution of problems in organ system/body
      region and diagnostic categories. A second analysis, examining a subgroup of
      individuals who went from periods of low to high stress came to similar
      conclusions. The results suggest that the onset of stressful events is associated
      with a deterioration of health of a general nature, not associated with
      particular diseases of body systems.

PMID- 4063937
TI  - The resident as a teacher: a neglected role.
AB  - Residents are frequently requested to take on teaching responsibilities,
      especially with medical students, but they receive little formal preparation for
      this role. This paper reviews some of the problems residents may face when
      teaching and describes a training workshop designed to enhance the teaching
      skills of residents. The workshop is based around a simulated teaching event that
      focuses on the organizational and practical, as well as didactic tasks involved
      in supervision of a clinical clerk. Such a workshop helps the resident to
      identify and prepare for some of the problems they may encounter and provides
      them with an opportunity to develop new skills that will improve the quality of
      their teaching.

PMID- 4063938
TI  - Sex-role ideology among self-identified psychotherapists.
AB  - Analysis of the sex-role ideology of 1,258 self-identified psychotherapists from
      nine occupations indicated that: the sample was representative; as a group, self
      identified psychotherapists were moderately feminist; there were significant
      differences among occupations; and results were not due solely to the effects of
      age or sex distributions among occupations.

PMID- 4063939
TI  - Post-traumatic stress disorder after car accidents.
AB  - Survivors of car crashes often suffer from a post-traumatic fear of driving,
      generalized anxiety and depression. Unremitting pains are also common. As part of
      a pilot study 30 referred subjects were exposed to imagery of driving and
      accidents. Seventy-seven percent were phobic of driving. Fifty-three percent
      responded with increased anxiety to the imagery. Twelve treatment referrals
      received exposure therapy and six improved markedly. An additional four improved
      when a Benzodiazepine was added temporarily. Four out of eight subjects lost
      their unremitting pains along with their fears. When guided imagery evoked
      intense anxiety this seemed to predict a favourable outcome. A resumption of
      pleasure trips was a reliable criterion of recovery. The frequency of phobic
      symptomatology and it's importance to the understanding and management of post
      traumatic anxiety states is discussed.

PMID- 4063940
TI  - Myoclonus, hyperreflexia and diaphoresis in patients on phenelzine-tryptophan
      combination treatment.
AB  - Three cases are presented on patients on an MAOI who developed a transient
      syndrome of myoclonus, hyperreflexia, jaw quivering, teeth chattering and
      diaphoresis after L-Tryptophan was added. Caution is advised when considering the
      addition of a serotonergic agent to MAOI's.

PMID- 4063941
TI  - A case report of obstructive sleep apnea in a patient with bipolar affective
      disorder.
AB  - A patient with a bipolar mood disorder developed obstructive sleep apnea which
      altered the clinical presentation of the mood disorder and affected compliance
      with prophylactic treatment. Significant improvements in the management of her
      mood disorder and in her life adjustment followed surgical relief of the upper
      airway obstruction.

PMID- 4063942
TI  - Antiparkinsonian medication withdrawal in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia: a
      report of three cases.
AB  - Three patients are presented in whom TD either disappeared (2 cases) or improved
      (one case) after discontinuing antiparkinsonian medication without changing the
      concurrent neuroleptic treatment. In addition, two of the patients presented some
      "complications" secondary to the TD in the form of frequent falling, psychosocial
      impairment and suicidal ruminations. The implications of these findings are
      discussed in the light of the current literature.

PMID- 4063943
TI  - Teaching therapeutic skills of a psychological nature to future physicians.
AB  - The majority of patients suffering from emotional problems are treated by non
      psychiatric physicians. In this context, the improvement of health services to
      those patients requires the involvement of general practitioners trained in
      appropriate therapeutic skills. At the present, general practitioners often feel
      unprepared to treat those patients with non-pharmacologic methods and tend to
      overuse psychotropic medication. The psychological therapeutic skills expected to
      be acquired by physicians, are often described in very general terms and remain
      under evaluated in medical schools. The improvement of these aspects of medical
      training requires them to be evaluated systematically, similar to the more
      traditional medical skills and biological knowledge. Such an evaluation is
      facilitated if the learning objectives are specified. This paper proposes
      specific learning objectives describing the psychological therapeutic skills
      expected from medical students at the end of their studies on the one hand, and
      from family physicians at the end of their family medicine training on the other.
      The authors' goals are to faciliate the discussion of this complex matter between
      the many medical (psychiatric or not) groups concerned and, in this manner, to
      clarify this issue which is fundamental to the teaching and implementation of the
      biopsychosocial model in clinical practice.

PMID- 4063944
TI  - Whose journal is it?

PMID- 4063945
TI  - Couples with sexual problems.

PMID- 4063946
TI  - Paranoid symptoms associated with triazolam.

PMID- 4063947
TI  - The Vidal Sassoon syndrome.

PMID- 4063948
TI  - Hysterical seizures and depression in old age.

PMID- 4063949
TI  - Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of recombinant interferon alpha A
      in monkeys: comparison of intravenous, intramuscular, and intraventricular
      delivery.
AB  - Interferons are currently undergoing clinical testing in patients with cancer and
      other diseases. A variety of routes of administration are being utilized, and
      there is particular interest in delivery of interferon to the central nervous
      system. A biphasic decline in plasma concentrations was observed in monkeys
      following an i.v. bolus, with initial half-times of 15 to 33 min and terminal
      half-times of 1.7 to 4.6 hours. Total body clearance ranged from 24 to 39 ml/sq.
      m/min and steady-state volume of distribution was similar to extracellular space.
      CSF exposure was 1% or less than that of plasma. Intramuscular injections
      produced lower peak concentrations and more sustained levels, but there was
      substantial variation in bioavailability (range 19-103%). Levels in the CSF were
      not detectable for the i.m. route. For intraventricular doses, CSF exposure was
      3,000-fold greater than for i.v. doses, despite a 20-fold lower dose.

PMID- 4063950
TI  - Dosage predictions in high-dose methotrexate infusions. Part 2: Bayesian
      estimation of methotrexate clearance.
AB  - Population pharmacokinetics of methotrexate (MTX) was evaluated from intravenous
      test-dose (TD) data (n = 20 corresponding to 174 measured samples). Bayesian
      prediction of MTX clearance from TD experiments combining population data with
      measured levels (at times 0.5 and 6 h) was found to be feasible in routine
      situations with good performance (root mean squared error : rmse (precision) =
      1.14 1.h-1 (11.2%) and mean error : me (bias) = 0.06 1.h-1 (NS) relatively to
      weighted least-square estimates, n = 50). The precision of Bayesian prediction
      was comparable to that of the model independent which is used in routine practice
      and involves 9 measured levels over 30 h, (rmse = 1.35 1.h-1 (10.9%), n = 50).
      However, the routine method presented a significative bias (me = -0.81 1.h-1, n =
      50).

PMID- 4063951
TI  - Daily intraperitoneal administration of cytarabine in a patient with peritoneal
      mesothelioma.
AB  - A 58 year old male with advanced peritoneal malignant mesothelioma was treated
      with the daily (5 days/week) intraperitoneal administration of cytarabine in a
      large treatment volume (1-2 liters) for 7 weeks. While a clinical benefit was not
      observed, there was no systemic toxicity (except for mild emesis) during or
      following the intraperitoneal treatment program. Long-term exposure of slow
      growing solid tumors in the peritoneal cavity to a cell-cycle phase-specific
      agent with limited systemic exposure and toxicity is an innovative and
      potentially important means of rationally utilizing this class of anti-neoplastic
      drugs.

PMID- 4063952
TI  - Chromosome changes in mycosis fungoides in an XYY male.
AB  - A 32-year-old white male was diagnosed as having mycosis fungoides in 1976; bone
      marrow biopsy and aspiration in August 1984 revealed infiltration with neoplastic
      cells. Cytogenetic analysis of the cells from the bone marrow specimen showed
      that 48 of 50 metaphases contained an extra Y chromosome (i.e., 47,XYY). The
      remaining two cells were hypotetraploid and hyperpentaploid, respectively, with a
      common marker derived from chromosome #2. The metaphases obtained by PHA
      stimulation of peripheral blood cells showed a 47,XYY pattern. An interleukin 2
      (IL-2) dependent T-cell line was established from the patient's blood mononuclear
      cells; all metaphases of this line had an extra Y chromosome. Thus, this case is
      one of a mycosis fungoides developing in an XYY male.

PMID- 4063953
TI  - Translocation (6;9)(p23;q34) in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: three new cases.
AB  - Several recent reports have described cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with
      a unique chromosome translocation, t(6;9)(p23;q34). We have studied three
      additional patients who have acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and t(6;9)(p23;q34).
      Our findings provide additional support for the suggestion that this
      translocation is yet another distinct cytogenetic abnormality associated with
      myeloproliferative disorders.

PMID- 4063954
TI  - Chromosome 1 heterochromatin variants and cancer: a reassessment.
AB  - Evidence for a relationship between chromosome #1 heterochromatin polymorphisms
      and cancer has been reviewed. Eighty-four of 135 (62%) patients with epithelial
      malignancies were heteromorphic for C-band size compared with 38 of 107 (36%)
      controls (significant at the 0.1% level). However, only 33 of 67 (49%) patients
      with nonepithelial malignancies were heteromorphic (not significantly different
      from controls). Similarly, the incidence of partial inversions of the C-band
      region in one or both homologs was significantly greater than controls [28 of 107
      (26%)] for patients with epithelial [66 of 135 (49%)] but not nonepithelial [25
      of 67 (37%)] malignancies. However, when the presence of either or both size
      heteromorphism and inversions were assessed, the incidence was significantly
      higher in patients with nonepithelial [46 of 67 (69%), including 11 of 11
      patients with leukemia or myeloproliferative disorders] as well as epithelial
      [112 of 135 (83%)] malignancies compared with controls [52 of 107 (49%)]. Forty
      seven of the patients did not differ significantly from controls with respect to
      the incidence of chromosome #1 heteromorphism as revealed by the Giemsa-11
      technique. However, 26 patients assessed for their chromosome #1 lateral
      asymmetry pattern differed significantly from controls, having a higher incidence
      of compound asymmetry with a large proximal and small distal block and a lower
      incidence of simple asymmetry.

PMID- 4063955
TI  - Cisplatin as an initiating agent in two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis.
AB  - Single i.p. injections of cisplatin followed by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13
      acetate TPA promotion led to the formation of skin tumors in mice, as did topical
      applications of urethane with TPA promotion. This is the first example of the use
      of cisplatin in a single treatment as an initiating agent in the standard
      initiation-promotion regime. Treatment of the skin with TPA 24 h before
      initiation increased tumor yield, both in terms of the percentage of mice with
      tumors and the average number of tumors per mouse.

PMID- 4063956
TI  - Biological activity of the unique variants of human chorionic gonadotropin in
      choriocarcinoma tissue.
AB  - Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in sera and placentae from normal pregnant
      women separated into 7 variants on analysis by an isoelectric focusing technique
      and determined by radioimmunoassay. The pIs ranged from 3.9 to 7.0. Three
      additional acidic variants were found in the sera and tumor tissues of patients
      with choriocarcinoma with pIs of 3.2, 3.5 and 3.7. The biological activity of
      each variant was determined by measuring testosterone production by rat Leydig
      cells in vitro. The pI 4.1 fraction corresponding to placental hCG possessed the
      highest biological activity while those focusing further afield from pI 4.1
      showed decreasing activities. All 3 tumor unique acidic variants possessed
      biological activity with the fraction focusing at pI 3.7 having the greatest
      potency.

PMID- 4063957
TI  - Hypergastrinemia and colorectal carcinogenesis in the rat.
AB  - Our objective was to determine whether chronic hypergastrinemia enhances chemical
      induction of rat colorectal cancers. Forty-five rats were randomized to sham
      operation or antral exclusion. Following a 2-week postoperative recovery period
      all rats were treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for
      20 weekly doses. Seven weeks later, the rats were killed. Blood was assayed for
      gastrin by radioimmunoassay. Tumor number, location, size, weight and histology
      were determined. The 23 rats receiving antral exclusion were hypergastrinemic
      compared with the 22 sham operated rats. All hypergastrinemic rats developed
      tumors while only 72.7% of normogastrinemic rats developed tumors.
      Hypergastrinemia increased the number of tumors/rat, total tumor weight/rat and
      total tumor volume/rat.

PMID- 4063958
TI  - Respiratory tract tumors in hamsters after severe focal injury to the trachea and
      intratracheal instillation of benzo[a]pyrene.
AB  - Two groups of male and female Syrian golden hamsters, of which the trachea was
      severely injured by electrocoagulation, received 6 weekly intratracheal
      instillations of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) + ferric oxide in saline or saline alone.
      Two comparable groups of hamsters were similarly treated but had an undamaged
      trachea. The experiment was terminated in week 82. Treatment with BaP resulted in
      hyper- and metaplastic lesions and tumours of the laryngeal, tracheal, bronchial
      and pulmonary epithelium. There was no evidence of an increased incidence of BaP
      induced tumours in the injured trachea.

PMID- 4063959
TI  - Expression of c-myc and other cell cycle-dependent genes in human colon
      neoplasia.
AB  - We have investigated the expression of certain cell cycle-dependent genes in
      total RNA isolated from normal and neoplastic cells of human epithelial colon
      tissue. The genes studied had been previously identified as cell cycle dependent
      in rodent and human fibroblasts. Levels of expression of G1 genes were compared
      to the level of expression of the S-phase-specific gene H3 in normal and adjacent
      neoplastic epithelial cells of six different individuals. We have found that the
      increase in the expression of c-myc gene detected in colon tumor cells is
      accompanied by a parallel increase in the expression of two G1-specific genes
      (p2A9 and ornithine decarboxylase) and the S-phase-specific gene histone H3. An
      important conclusion that can be drawn from these findings is that the increased
      level of a cell cycle-specific RNA in a tumor may not indicate overexpression of
      that gene but simply reflect the increased fraction of cycling cells, unless the
      ratio of expression between G1 genes and G1-S-phase genes is altered.

PMID- 4063960
TI  - Experimental metastatic ability of H-ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells.
AB  - We have used a quantitative "experimental" metastasis assay in the embryonic
      chick, an immunodeficient host, to examine in vivo growth properties of ras
      oncogene-transformed NIH3T3 cells. We found that two independently derived
      populations of NIH3T3 cells that had been morphologically transformed with the
      T24 human H-ras oncogene were able to grow in vivo following i.v. injection.
      Nontransformed control NIH3T3 cells with normal morphology did not grow in this
      assay. Spontaneously arising morphological transformants from control NIH3T3 cell
      populations were also tested and did not grow in this assay. We conclude that the
      H-ras gene can confer experimental metastatic ability on nonmetastatic NIH3T3
      cells, that the ras gene alters the cells in some way beyond in vitro
      morphological transformation, and thus that the in vitro transformation assay
      detects only part of the malignant phenotype of these cells.

PMID- 4063961
TI  - Variations in the [3H]thymidine labeling of S-phase cells in solid mouse tumors.
AB  - To determine whether all tumor S-phase cells incorporate [3H]thymidine, we
      labeled the cells in three mouse tumors (MCa-11, colon-26, and colon-51) in vivo
      for 1/2 h with [3H]thymidine (10 microCi/g of body weight). Cells from the
      tumors, as well as control cells from the bone marrows of the tumor-bearing mice,
      were then placed onto slides and Feulgen stained. The positions of these Feulgen
      stained cells were mapped with a computerized scanning stage, and their nuclear
      DNA content and nuclear areas were determined by absorption cytophotometry. Next,
      the slides were processed for autoradiography and exposed for 32 or 64 days to
      obtain plateau labeling. The cells were then relocated, and the areas of the
      autoradiographic grains over each nucleus were measured. We found that 99% of the
      S-phase bone marrow cells were labeled. The 5-mm tumors, however, showed a wide
      range of S-phase labeling, with 94, 89, and 85% of the MCa-11, colon-51, and
      colon-26 S-phase cells, respectively, being labeled. The same mice bearing both 5
      and 20-mm MCa-11 tumors, however, showed 95 and 57% labeling of the S-phase
      cells in the small and large tumors, respectively. These results show that the
      [3H]thymidine labeling of S-phase cells varies greatly for experimental mouse
      tumors of different size and type, and they suggest that "labeling index" and
      flow cytometric DNA measurements may not give valid estimates of the actual
      proportions of cycling S-phase cells in such tumors.

PMID- 4063962
TI  - Recognition of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides on murine tumor cells by
      natural killer cells.
AB  - MDW4, a wheat germ agglutinin resistant mutant of the murine tumor line MDAY-D2,
      expresses abnormal asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, is less metastatic when
      injected intravenously, and is hypersensitive to natural killer (NK) lysis in
      vitro. To determine whether these phenotypes may be related, variants of the YAC
      1 lymphoma and a YAC-1 X MDAY-D2 hybrid line were compared for sensitivity to
      four different lectins and to NK cell lysis in vitro. A relationship between
      sensitivity to concanavalin A (Con A) and NK cell lysis in vitro was observed.
      Although no single plasma membrane glycoprotein separated by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and stained with 125I-labeled Con A
      correlated with NK and Con A sensitivities of the cell lines, a relationship
      between these phenotypes and the collective 125I-Con A staining intensity on the
      gels was apparent. In a more direct test of carbohydrate recognition by NK cells,
      specific glycopeptide structures isolated from tumor cells and added to the NK
      cell assay in microM quantities were found to inhibit tumor cell lysis. Thus, a
      subset of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, including high mannose and some
      incomplete complex structures on a number of cell surface glycoproteins, appears
      to be recognized as part of the target structures for NK cell lysis. The
      administration of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid stimulated splenic NK activity
      in vivo but had no effect on the growth of the NK-resistant MDAY-D2 cells.
      However, the low tumorigenicity of MDW4 cells injected intravenously was reduced
      further by pretreating the mice with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, which
      indicated a role for NK cells in the elimination of circulating tumor cells
      expressing high mannose and/or incomplete complex asparagine-linked
      oligosaccharides.

PMID- 4063963
TI  - Effectiveness of complete versus partial androgen withdrawal therapy for the
      treatment of prostatic cancer as studied in the Dunning R-3327 system of rat
      prostatic adenocarcinomas.
AB  - Standard initial therapy for metastatic prostatic cancer involves surgical or
      chemically induced castration. Castration lowers the serum testosterone level by
      over 90% but does not completely eliminate all potential serum androgens (i.e.,
      it induces a partial androgen withdrawal). This has led some investigators to
      suggest that a more complete form of androgen withdrawal in which the very low
      levels of serum androgens remaining after castration are neutralized by the
      simultaneous treatment with a direct acting antiandrogen (i.e., complete androgen
      withdrawal) might be more effective than simply castration alone. To determine
      whether complete androgen withdrawal is any more effective than partial androgen
      withdrawal therapy, the slow growing, well differentiated H and the fast growing,
      poorly differentiated G sublines of the serially transplantable Dunning R-3327
      system of rat prostatic adenocarcinomas were used as a test system since both of
      these cancers are androgen responsive. These studies demonstrated that: (a)
      complete androgen withdrawal consisting of surgical castration in combination
      with daily treatment with the potent antiandrogen, cyproterone acetate, was no
      more effective in terms of tumor growth retardation or overall host survival than
      was partial androgen withdrawal induced by castration alone; (b) serum
      testosterone levels must be maintained below 0.5 ng/ml but do not have to be
      completely eliminated to produce the maximum therapeutic response; and (c)
      prostatic cancers are more sensitive than is the normal prostate to growth
      stimulation by serum testosterone.

PMID- 4063964
TI  - Interaction of photodynamic therapy and hyperthermia: tumor response and cell
      survival studies after treatment of mice in vivo.
AB  - The interaction of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and hyperthermia was studied in the
      radiation-induced-fibrosarcoma experimental mouse tumor system by tumor regrowth
      experiments as well as in vivo to in vitro cloning assays. In vivo, PDT
      (Photofrin II, 10 mg/kg i.p.), followed 24 h later by light (135 J/cm2, 630 nm)
      and/or heat (44 degrees C, 30 min) caused severe vascular damage (congestion of
      tumor vessels and hemorrhage) and subsequent disappearance of palpable tumor
      mass. While heat-treated tumors always started to regrow within 2 days of
      treatment, regrowth if it occurred was delayed to 4-5 days after PDT and 6-7 days
      following combined treatments. Only PDT followed by heat cured a considerable
      number of animals (45%), while PDT alone and heat followed by PDT cured less than
      10% of animals, and heat alone caused no tumor cures. The various treatments
      differed in their immediate as well as their delayed effects on tumor
      clonogenicity when observed over a 24-h period. Tumors treated with PDT showed no
      immediate changes in clonogenicity, but progressive delayed cell death occurred
      if tumors remained in situ. Heat alone led to an immediate reduction in the
      number of clonogenic tumor cells, followed by some additional cell death for 4 h
      and subsequent recovery of clonogenicity. PDT followed by heat caused markedly
      potentiated immediate reduction in cell survival which may be the result of
      direct interaction of heat and PDT damage affecting the tumor cells. Some tumors
      rapidly progressed to total eradication, whereas others showed delayed survival
      values similar to those for tumor having received PDT only. In the reverse
      sequence, heat before PDT, the tumor cell survival kinetics resembled those
      following heat treatment alone. The comparative lack of effectiveness of this
      treatment regimen can be explained by the severe tumor hemorrhage caused by the
      initial heat treatment which reduces the transmission of light essential for the
      subsequent PDT treatment. This study shows that despite pronounced similarities
      in the microscopic and macroscopic appearance shortly after treatment by PDT or
      hyperthermia, these two modalities lead to tumor destruction by different
      mechanisms. Furthermore the combination of these two modalities in the proper
      sequence leads to potentiated cytocidal effects on the tumor cells in vivo.

PMID- 4063965
TI  - Enhanced therapeutic effect of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) against nude
      mouse grown human pancreatic adenocarcinoma when combined with 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine and caffeine.
AB  - We demonstrated previously that the effect of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)
      (cisplatin) against pancreatic cancer was substantially enhanced by the addition
      to the chemotherapeutic regimen of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and
      caffeine. To obtain information on the factors influencing tumor response to this
      combination treatment, we investigated two adenocarcinomas of the exocrine
      pancreas grown in the nude mouse, tumors Capan-1 and SW-1990. Tumor response to
      cisplatin, characterized by tumor regression and tumor growth arrest, was
      observed when it was given in the upper limits of tolerance (5 mg/kg). Caffeine
      and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine singly and in combination had no effect on
      tumor growth; neither did they influence the effect of cisplatin when combined
      singly with the latter. However, the triple combination of cisplatin, 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine, and caffeine resulted in complete tumor regression. The
      enhancing effect of the triple combination depended on tumor sensitivity to
      cisplatin and the amount of cisplatin administered and required rather large
      amounts of caffeine. The present report indicates that certain combination
      regimens may enhance the therapeutic effect of cisplatin against pancreatic
      carcinoma.

PMID- 4063966
TI  - Evidence for the involvement of two distinct membrane proteins in adriamycin
      resistance in Chinese hamster lung cells.
AB  - Chinese hamster lung cells resistant to Adriamycin were labeled with inorganic
      [32P]orthophosphate and thereafter incubated with low levels of N-ethylmaleimide.
      Plasma membranes and endoplasmic reticulum were isolated and the phosphorylated
      proteins were analyzed after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results
      demonstrate that both plasma membranes and endoplasmic reticulum from resistant
      cells contain two highly phosphorylated proteins [Mr 180,000 (p180) and Mr
      220,000 (p220)] which are present in very low levels in these membrane fractions
      prepared from drug sensitive cells. p220 is present in much higher levels in the
      endoplasmic reticulum as compared to the plasma membranes whereas p180 is equally
      distributed in these two membrane fractions. When resistant cells revert to drug
      sensitivity there is a parallel loss in the phosphorylation levels of p180 and
      p220. Labeling of membrane proteins with 125I in the presence of chloramine-T
      also reveals that p180 and p220 are present in significantly greater levels in
      resistant membranes as compared to similar fractions prepared from drug sensitive
      cells. Partial digests of phosphorylated p180 and p220 produced with chymotrypsin
      or V8 protease reveal that each protein has a distinct phosphopeptide pattern.
      Both p180 and p220 are phosphorylated exclusively at serine residues. The results
      of this study therefore suggest that resistance to Adriamycin in Chinese hamster
      lung cells requires the involvement of two distinct proteins which are both bound
      to cell membranes.

PMID- 4063967
TI  - Increased rhodamine 123 uptake by carcinoma cells.
AB  - The total cellular content of the fluorescent mitochondrial-specific dye
      rhodamine 123 (Rh-123) was quantified by butanol extraction as a function of time
      of exposure and dose for a variety of cell lines. These results were compared
      with observations made by fluorescence microscopy on dye localization and
      mitochondrial morphology. There appeared to be two categories of cell types based
      on Rh-123 uptake: those which progressively accumulate the dye, such as Ehrlich
      ascites tumor cells, carcinoma-derived lines MCF-7, PaCa-2, EJ, HeLa, and normal
      fibroblast line CCL 64; and those which appear to equilibrate with the
      extracellular dye within 1 h of incubation in Rh-123 (1 microgram/ml) with a
      minimal level of uptake, such as the normal epithelial-derived lines CV-1 and
      MDCK and the transformed fibroblast line 64F3. Within the first category, the
      absolute value of uptake per cell correlated with the concentration of Rh-123 in
      the medium and with the period of exposure to the dye up to a point of apparent
      cellular saturation. The length of time required for apparent saturation depended
      on the cell type. In the second category equilibration was very early, and the
      total uptake was a function of the extracellular concentration of Rh-123. This
      probably does not represent a saturation level of dye content in the non
      accumulating, low uptake cell lines. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that Rh-123
      localization was initially mitochondrial-specific for all of the cell lines
      examined. Over time, alterations in mitochondrial morphology and cytoplasmic
      fluorescence were observed in the high uptake cell lines but not in the minimal
      uptake cell lines. Incubation of the high uptake HeLa cell line with the
      mitochondrial membrane potential inhibitor p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone
      substantially decreased Rh-123 uptake. These observations may indicate a
      transformation-related characteristic of carcinoma cell mitochondria. It may be
      possible to exploit the mechanism responsible for the progressive accumulation of
      Rh-123 by carcinoma-derived cell types for chemotherapeutic approaches to certain
      types of carcinomas.

PMID- 4063968
TI  - Influence of dietary fat levels on development and hormone responsiveness of the
      mouse mammary gland.
AB  - Twenty-one-day-old female BALB/c mice were divided into three groups and fed a
      diet containing 0, 5, and 20% fat (corn oil). Ten days prior to sacrifice, one
      half of the mice were given injections daily with saline (0.9% NaCl solution),
      and the remaining half, with 17 beta-estradiol (1 microgram) and progesterone (1
      mg). After 3 mo on diet and 10 days of saline or estradiol:progesterone
      treatments, all mice were sacrificed, and mammary glands were excised and
      prepared for whole-mount evaluation (No. 4 glands), [3H]thymidine
      autoradiographic analysis (No. 2 glands), and organ culture analysis (No. 2
      glands). Whole-mount evaluation involved a rating for ductal and alveolar
      development on a scale of 1 to 6. [3H]Thymidine-autoradiographic analysis
      consisted of determining the total number of labeled epithelial cells per
      anterior 3 mm of gland. Organ culture analysis consisted of placing one gland of
      each gland pair in basal tissue culture medium, and the contralateral gland was
      placed in basal medium plus mammogenic hormones. These glands were cultured for 6
      days and then analyzed for development by whole-mount evaluation (scale, 1 to 6)
      and for epithelial area (mm2) (via computer image analysis). In saline- and
      estradiol:progesterone-treated mice, there was a significant linear increase in
      the number of [3H]thymidine-labeled mammary epithelial cells as the fat content
      of the diet increased from 0 to 5 to 20% (P less than 0.05). In saline- and
      estradiol:progesterone-treated mice, mammary gland development (assessed by whole
      mount evaluation) was increased as the fat content of the diet increased from 0
      to 5% (P less than 0.05). In saline-treated mice, no significant difference in
      mammae development was observed between mice fed 5 or 20% fat diets; in
      estradiol:progesterone-treated mice, mammae development was marginally increased
      in mice fed the 20% fat diet compared to mice fed the 5% fat diet (P
      approximately 0.07).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4063969
TI  - Human pancreatic cancer-associated antigens detected by murine monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - Two monoclonal antibodies, YPan1 and YPan2, were produced from spleen cells of
      mice immunized against a human pancreatic cancer cell line, Capan-2, which also
      reacted with eight other human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines and with sections
      of cancerous human pancreas tissue. Reactivity was also found with colonic and
      stomach carcinoma tissues. Whereas YPan1 reacted strongly with normal pancreatic
      tissue, it bound weakly, if at all, to a variety of other normal tissues. YPan1
      reacted with both the membranes and cytoplasm of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells
      and with constituents of normal pancreatic ductal cells and duct luminal
      contents. YPan2, on the other hand, reacts to a greater degree with
      intracytoplasmic constituents in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Unlike YPan1,
      YPan2 reacted weakly with only one of 16 cases of normal pancreas. Pretreatment
      of the tissue with neuraminidase abolished YPan1's reactivity, which indicated
      that sialic acid may be involved in the antigenic activity of the molecule(s)
      recognized by YPan1. Neuraminidase pretreatment had no effect on YPan2
      reactivity. Neither YPan1 nor YPan2 competed with 19-9 monoclonal antibody in
      binding to soluble CA 19-9 antigen. These results suggest that these monoclonal
      antibodies are of potential use in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.

PMID- 4063970
TI  - Phorbol ester-induced alteration of differentiation and proliferation in human
      hematopoietic tumor cell lines: relationship to the presence and subcellular
      distribution of protein kinase C.
AB  - The intracellular translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) from the soluble to the
      membranous fraction has been shown previously to correlate with biological
      activity of phorbol esters in several systems. In this paper, we describe that
      PKC translocation was a general phenomenon in all PKC containing cell types when
      five 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) responsive and nonresponsive
      hematopoietic tumor cell lines were investigated. The nonresponsive cell line U
      266 contained undetectable levels of PKC. The dose of TPA required for
      translocation was similar to the TPA concentration necessary to suppress
      erythroid differentiation in K-562 cells and to induce macrophage differentiation
      in U-937 cells, but 100-fold higher than that required for suppression of
      proliferation in K-562 and U-937 cells. By contrast, PKC translocation and TPA
      induced proliferation inhibition exhibited a similar dose dependence in a subline
      of U-937 (U-937 RES) adapted to growth in the presence of 10(-9) M TPA. It is
      suggested that U-937 RES is deficient in a TPA dependent but PKC independent
      signal pathway.

PMID- 4063971
TI  - Radical dimer rescue of toxicity and improved therapeutic index of adriamycin in
      tumor-bearing mice.
AB  - The product of adriamycin (ADR) reductive glycosidic cleavage is the
      pharmacologically inactive 7-deoxyadriamycin aglycone. Bi(3,5-dimethyl-5
      hydroxymethyl-2-oxomorpholin-3-yl) (DHM3) is a radical dimer which reacts with
      ADR in vitro to produce this aglycone. We utilized DHM3 to prevent ADR toxicity
      in mice. CD2F1 male mice were given a single dose of ADR, 25 mg/kg i.p., which
      was acutely lethal as indicated by a median survival time of 7 days. DHM3
      administered as a single i.p. dose of 50 mg/kg 15 or 30 min following ADR
      provided significant protection with median survival times greater than 9 wk.
      Mice bearing ascitic L1210 leukemic cells were given ADR, 0, 6.6, 15, or 25 mg/kg
      i.p. 1 day following inoculation of tumor. DHM3 administered as a single 50 mg/kg
      i.p. dose 20 min after ADR had no significant effect on ADR efficacy at the lower
      dose range (% treated versus control = 171 and 285 for 6.6 and 15.0 mg/kg,
      respectively). Less than 15% of the animals in these treatment groups were long
      term survivors. However, following high doses of ADR (25 mg/kg), DHM3 protected
      mice from ADR lethality and over 70% of animals were long-term survivors. The
      determination of parent ADR and ADR aglycone content in several tissues indicated
      that the concentration of ADR was reduced in those animals that received DHM3 15
      min after ADR. Correspondingly an increase in ADR aglycone concentration in each
      tissue resulted from DHM3 treatment. DHM3 represents a novel class of compounds
      that can ameliorate ADR toxicity and has potential use as a rescue agent.

PMID- 4063972
TI  - Influence of the sympathetic nervous system on the growth of neuroblastoma in
      vivo and in vitro.
AB  - The sympathetic nervous system exerts a trophic-mitogenic influence on C-1300
      mouse neuroblastoma. We now report that sympathetic axotomy suppresses growth of
      the S-20 clonal line of neuroblastoma but does not influence the growth in vivo
      of two other clonal lines, NIE-115 and C-46. Sympathetic ganglia-conditioned
      medium significantly increases proliferation of S-20 cells in vitro. Growth of
      NIE-115 and C-46 clonal neuroblastoma lines is not influenced by sympathetic
      ganglia-conditioned medium. We postulate that the sympathetic nervous system
      secretes a mitogenic-trophic factor that favors growth of C-1300 neuroblastoma in
      vivo. Sensitivity to this factor varies between neuroblastoma clonal lines.

PMID- 4063973
TI  - Rat and human explant metabolism, binding studies, and DNA adduct analysis of
      benzo(a)pyrene and its 6-nitro derivative.
AB  - Human colon and bronchus tissue explants were incubated with either
      [3H]benzo(a)pyrene ([3H]BP) or [3H]-6-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene ([3H]-6-NBP). The total
      percentage of metabolism of BP and 6-NBP was, respectively, 8-59% and 18-41% in
      bronchus and 11-23% and 36-50% in colon. A product tentatively identified as 3
      hydroxy-6-NBP was isolated from the 6-NBP incubation medium. BP and 6-NBP when
      incubated at equivalent concentrations were found to bind covalently to the DNA
      of human bronchi from 15 cases at means of 42 and 50.9 pmol/10 mg DNA,
      respectively, and to the DNA of human colon from 6 cases at means of 66.5 and 35
      pmol/10 mg DNA, respectively. The range among individuals was within one order of
      magnitude. High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of enzymic hydrolysates of
      human bronchus explant DNA revealed one adduct from the BP-incubated bronchus
      which cochromatographed with (+/-)-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9, 10
      tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene-deoxyguanosine and a possible two adducts from the 6-NBP
      incubated bronchus which eluted earlier than did the BP adduct. DNA obtained from
      the lung or liver of rats given 2.0-mg/kg doses of either [3H]BP or [3H]-6-NBP by
      i.p. injection was also enzymically hydrolyzed and analyzed on HPLC. Three DNA
      adducts were observed in liver and two were observed in lung DNA hydrolysates
      from rats given injections of [3H]BP. One adduct from each organ
      cochromatographed with (+/-)-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10
      tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene- deoxyguanosine; however, the major adduct in each case
      eluted earlier. Only one adduct was detected in liver and lung DNA hydrolysates
      from rats given [3H]-6-NBP, and this had the same retention time as did the major
      adduct isolated from human bronchus that had been incubated previously with [3H]
      6-NBP. Salmonella typhimurium TA98 was incubated with [3H]-6-NBP and Aroclor
      induced rat liver S9. Enzymically hydrolyzed DNA analyzed by HPLC revealed three
      adducts, two of which cochromatographed with the two DNA adducts isolated from
      human bronchus DNA adduct which had the same retention time as did the major
      liver and lung DNA adduct from rats given i.p. injections of [3H]-6-NBP. In each
      case the major adduct from DNA hydrolysates of rat liver and lung, human
      bronchus, and S. typhimurium, all treated with [3H]-6-NBP, cochromatographed with
      the major DNA adduct isolated from liver and lung DNA of rats given
      [3H]BP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4063974
TI  - Combined effect of trans-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) and hyperthermia on murine
      and human tumor cells.
AB  - trans-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II), a paradigm of an inactive platinum compound,
      exhibited cytotoxic effect against HEP-2 human tumor cells, TA3Ha murine tumor
      cells, and freshly collected human ovarian carcinoma cells when combined with
      hyperthermia (43 degrees, 30 min). The heat treatment reduced the D0 of trans
      platinum from 56 to 16.5 micrograms/ml in the HEP-2 system and from an
      undeterminable value at 37 degrees to 8.2 micrograms/ml in the TA3Ha system. Heat
      treatment before trans-platinum was more cytotoxic than that after trans-platinum
      in the TA3Ha system (P less than 0.001). TA3Ha cells treated in vitro with 40
      micrograms/ml TDDP at 43 degrees failed to form tumors in mice upon subcutaneous
      implantation into the tails of mice. In contrast, these agents given singly did
      not alter the tumor-forming ability of TA3Ha cells. In vivo administration of
      trans-platinum after hyperthermia (43 degrees for 30 min) retarded the growth of
      TA3Ha tumors compared to either treatment alone. trans-Platinum did not form
      detectable DNA-interstrand cross-links in the HEP-2 cells treated at 37 degrees
      or 43 degrees. However, the DNA-protein cross-links were detectable under these
      conditions. The frequencies of DNA-protein cross-links were higher in the cells
      treated at 43 degrees than in those treated at 37 degrees, both immediately after
      and 12 h after the treatment with trans-platinum. Heat alone did not induce the
      formation of either DNA-interstrand or DNA-protein cross-links. Heat treatment
      did not appear to enhance the entry of trans-platinum into the cells.

PMID- 4063975
TI  - Differential potentiation of alkylating and platinating agent cytotoxicity in
      human ovarian carcinoma cells by glutathione depletion.
AB  - We have determined the effect of glutathione (GSH) depletion on the cytotoxicity
      of three nitrogen mustards, six platinum complexes, and mitomycin C in a human
      ovarian carcinoma cell line. GSH levels in COLO 316 cells were depleted by
      exposure of cell monolayers to 0.5 mM D,L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine. GSH
      depletion significantly potentiated the cytotoxicity of L-phenylalanine mustard,
      chlorambucil, and mechlorethamine as determined by clonogenic assay on plastic
      plates. The dose modification factors were 2.6, 2.6, and 1.9, respectively. The
      same level of GSH depletion had a minimal effect on the cytotoxicity of cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP), carboplatin,
      dichloro(ethylenediamine)platinum(II), 1,2-diaminocyclohexylplatinum(II)
      malonate, and iproplatin. The dose modification factors of GSH depletion for
      these drugs were 1.4 or less. trans-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) was, however,
      markedly potentiated by GSH depletion with a dose modification factor of 2.7.
      Mitomycin C was minimally potentiated by GSH depletion. We have also generated
      cis-DDP-resistant cells from COLO 316 and 2008 human ovarian carcinoma cells by
      in vitro selection with cis-DDP. These cis-DDP-resistant cells had identical
      levels of GSH as the parental cells. GSH depletion sensitized these cells only to
      the same degree as the parental cells and did not reverse the resistant
      phenotype. Our results indicate that intracellular GSH levels are not an
      important determinant of the cytotoxicity of cis-platinum(II) or cis-platinum(IV)
      complexes in COLO 316 and 2008 cells. In addition, altered GSH metabolism does
      not appear to be a component of the cis-DDP-resistant phenotype in these cells.

PMID- 4063976
TI  - Relation of antioxidants and level of dietary lipid to epidermal lipid
      peroxidation and ultraviolet carcinogenesis.
AB  - It has become increasingly evident that both quantity and quality of dietary
      lipid can influence the developmental course of several major forms of cancer in
      experimental animals. Using the hairless mouse-ultraviolet (UV) model, we had
      previously demonstrated that unsaturated lipid compared to equivalent levels of
      hydrogenated lipid enhanced photocarcinogenesis with respect to both tumor
      latency and multiplicity. In the present study using the same model, we have
      examined the effect of unsaturated lipid level and antioxidants upon epidermal
      lipid peroxidation and UV carcinogenesis. Sixteen groups of 45 animals each were
      used in the study, representing all combinations of three design variables: (a) a
      semipurified diet containing 4, 2, or 0.75% corn oil or 4% soybean oil; (b) 2%
      (w/w) antioxidant supplement or no supplementation; and (c) an escalating regimen
      of UV radiation to a cumulative dose of 70 J/cm2 or no irradiation. The
      nonirradiated groups served as nutritional controls and as subjects for epidermal
      lipid peroxidation measurements. An approximate linear relationship between lipid
      level and tumor latency was observed, with 4% levels of unsaturated lipid
      producing maximum enhancement of photocarcinogenesis. Furthermore with increasing
      lipid level the numbers of tumors per animal increased. Antioxidants caused
      significant increases in tumor latency and decreases in tumor multiplicity but
      only at the highest lipid level used in these studies. Thiobarbituric acid values
      of epidermal homogenates also increased in relation to the level of dietary lipid
      intake. Epidermal thiobarbituric acid values from antioxidant supplemented
      animals were significantly lower regardless of lipid intake levels. From these
      data we conclude that (a) dietary lipid level has a direct effect upon the
      carcinogenic response to UV both in regard to tumor latency and tumor
      multiplicity; (b) antioxidants produce an inhibitory effect almost equal to the
      degree of exacerbation of carcinogenesis evoked by increasing lipid levels, at
      least for the range studied; and (c) dietarily administered antioxidants inhibit
      the formation of epidermal thiobarbituric acid reacting materials. These data
      strongly imply that free radical reactions, specifically lipid peroxidation, play
      a role in at least a part of the photocarcinogenic response.

PMID- 4063977
TI  - Effects of new N-alkyl analogues of adriamycin on in vitro survival and cell
      cycle progression of L1210 cells.
AB  - The effects of N-benzyladriamycin-14-valerate (AD198) and N,N-dimethyladriamycin
      14-valerate (AD199), two novel lipophilic N-alkyl derivatives of Adriamycin
      (ADR), on cell growth and cell cycle distribution were investigated in L1210
      cells grown in suspension. Following a 1-h exposure to the drug levels selected,
      growth inhibition was noticeable in all cultures for most or all of the
      observation period of 96 h. With flow cytometry, an asynchronous cell population
      was measured with respect to cellular DNA, RNA, and light scatter (size)
      properties following a 1-h incubation with the various ADR analogues. In
      addition, flow cytometric techniques were utilized to determine whether drug
      treatment altered the sensitivity of DNA in situ to acid-induced denaturation or
      to binding by small DNA-intercalating dyes. Unlike the parent compound ADR or its
      DNA-nonbinding derivative N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-O-hemiadipate (AD143),
      the N-alkyl derivatives AD198 and AD199 only slightly affected L1210 cell cycle
      traverse over the first 5 h posttreatment. However, by 24 h, AD199 (0.62
      micrograms/ml) caused an S- and G2 + M-phase accumulation which became more
      dramatic at 48 and 72 h. AD198 (3.27 micrograms/ml) also caused an accumulation
      of cells predominantly in G2 + M phase at longer culture times (48 to 96 h). The
      two half-substituted congeners N-benzyladriamycin (AD288) and N,N
      dimethyladriamycin (AD280) affected L1210 cell cycle traverse over a similar time
      scale at concentrations of 12.3 and 4.17 micrograms/ml, respectively. AD280
      blocked cells in G1 and G2 + M whereas AD288 caused predominantly a G2 + M
      accumulation. While neither ADR nor AD143 interfered appreciably with binding and
      fluorescence of the intercalating dye acridine orange, all of the N-alkyl
      analogues tested reduced the fluorescence signal of acridine orange-stained L1210
      cells by 26 to 60%. This effect lasted, with decreasing intensity, for at least
      48 h following a 1-h exposure to the drugs. In addition, while ADR appeared to
      stabilize DNA in situ against acid-induced denaturation, all N-alkyl derivatives,
      to varying degrees, tended to increase DNA denaturability. Thus alkylation at the
      glycoside amine combined with the lipophilic 14-valerate side chain function
      accounts for several new biochemical and biological properties of AD198 and
      AD199, relative to ADR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4063978
TI  - Low-dose in vivo pharmacokinetic and deuterium isotope effect studies of N
      nitrosodimethylamine in rats.
AB  - The rates of elimination of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and its fully
      deuterated analogue (N-nitrosodi[2H6]methylamine, [2H6]NDMA) were studied in vivo
      to explore the origins of the difference in their carcinogenicity. Male Fischer
      344 rats, 7.5 weeks of age, were given nitrosamine bolus doses of 1.35 mumol/kg
      by tail vein injection and 2.02 or 4.05 mumol/kg by p.o. gavage. Animals were
      sacrificed at various time points from 2.5 to 180 min after i.v. administration
      or 5 to 120 min after p.o. dosage, and their blood was analyzed for NDMA by gas
      chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. After i.v. injection, blood
      nitrosamine concentrations declined in an apparently biexponential manner with a
      terminal half-life of 10 min for NDMA and 12 min for [2H6]NDMA. The apparent
      total systemic blood clearances for NDMA and [2H6]NDMA were 39 and 26 ml/min/kg,
      respectively. The apparent steady-state volumes of distribution were nearly
      identical (297 and 309 ml/kg, respectively). The areas under the curve after 2.02
      and 4.05-mumol/kg p.o. doses were proportional to dose. The apparent
      bioavailability of NDMA was 8%, while that of [2H6]NDMA was 21%. Isotope effects
      calculated as the ratios of first-pass metabolism, total systemic clearances,
      bioavailabilities, and intrinsic hepatic clearances were 1.2, 1.5, 2.6, and 3.2,
      respectively. The isotope effect determined from blood concentrations measured
      after simultaneous administration of NDMA and [2H6]NDMA by steady-state infusion
      (each at 1.5 mumol/kg/h) was 2.6 +/- 0.9 (SD). This study thus provides
      quantitative reference data on the time course of the disappearance of both N
      nitrosodimethylamine and its deuterated analogue from blood (over 5 to 8 half
      lives) after doses similar to those used to elicit liver tumors in chronic
      feeding studies, confirms the first-pass effect on their metabolism using direct
      blood measurements, and permits estimation of their bioavailabilities from actual
      blood concentrations. The results suggest that elimination pathways not involving
      alpha-hydroxylation are more important than is currently recognized.

PMID- 4063979
TI  - In vitro comparison of vinzolidine and vinblastine: a model for methods of
      evaluation of analogues in a human tumor cloning system.
AB  - Four statistical techniques are described for comparing the in vitro cytotoxic
      activity of an analogue and its parent compound in the human tumor cloning
      system. These techniques include: the Spearman rank correlation coefficient; a
      sequential pairwise analysis; the kappa statistic for measuring agreement; and
      the McNemar test of symmetry. These statistical procedures were applied to
      results from 54 human tumor specimens that were simultaneously tested against
      multiple concentrations of the Vinca alkaloid vinblastine and its semisynthetic
      analogue, vinzolidine. Based on the percentage of survival of tumor colony
      forming units in the human tumor cloning system, vinzolidine was shown to have a
      26% in vitro response rate with a spectrum of activity across major tumor types.
      However, all four statistical procedures indicated that the activity of
      vinzolidine was not superior to that of its parent compound. Of the four
      statistical procedures examined, the sequential pairwise design appears to be
      best suited for comparing in vitro activity of an analogue and its parent
      compound and could result in a savings of both time and resources required for
      such comparisons.

PMID- 4063980
TI  - Serum protein reduction of the enhancement of methotrexate accumulation by
      vincristine and 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin in the Ehrlich ascites tumor cell
      in vitro.
AB  - The Vinca alkaloid vincristine and the epipodophyllotoxin derivative teniposide
      significantly elevate steady state levels of methotrexate in the Ehrlich ascites
      tumor cell in vitro. However, the presence of circulating serum proteins
      compromises this drug-cell interaction. In the presence of bovine serum albumin,
      elevation of cellular methotrexate levels by vincristine and teniposide in vitro
      is reduced by 60-70%. In the presence of physiological concentrations of human
      serum albumin and human serum glycoproteins, the enhancement of cellular
      methotrexate accumulation by vincristine is reduced by approximately 50% while
      enhancement of cellular methotrexate accumulation by teniposide is essentially
      eliminated. These findings may in part explain the observations that vincristine
      does not alter the cellular pharmacokinetics of methotrexate in vivo and may
      provide a rationale for the lack of therapeutic synergism between vincristine and
      methotrexate when the Vinca alkaloid is administered concurrent with or prior to
      the antifolate compound in the tumor bearing animal. Furthermore these studies
      indicate the difficulties inherent in attempting to extrapolate from in vitro
      studies of drug-cell interaction to the intact animal.

PMID- 4063981
TI  - Presence of C-19 steroids in mammary Shionogi carcinoma (SC 115) in castrated
      mice.
AB  - Intact and castrated male DD/S mice were inoculated with androgen-dependent cells
      (SC 115). All intact animals developed tumors after Day 12 of inoculation;
      however, six of seven castrated animals presented tumors 48 days postinoculation.
      The levels of steroids in both tumors were then examined. In castrated mice,
      dehydroepiandrosterone and androst-5-ene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol levels were
      diminished by 30% and 70%, respectively, while the amounts of testosterone and
      androstenedione were reduced by more than 90%. Our data also demonstrate that
      androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol and androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol were
      decreased to 60% and dihydrotestosterone decreased to 6% of their normal value,
      respectively. This latter level (0.48 nM) was sufficient to still effect a potent
      androgenic response in the tumor. Besides, a highly significant correlation was
      found in these tumors between various C-19 steroids (dehydroepiandrosterone and
      androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, r = 0.97, P less than 0.01), suggesting a
      possible conversion of C-19 precursors into potent androgens in the tumors.
      Determination of the plasma steroid levels in the castrated animals clearly
      confirmed that potent androgenic steroids and precursors were still in the
      circulation 3 days after castration. It thus appears that C-19 steroids from
      adrenal origin may be also involved in "independent" tumor growth.

PMID- 4063982
TI  - Role of glutathione in cell survival after hyperthermic treatment of Chinese
      hamster ovary cells.
AB  - Chinese hamster ovary cells cultured in vitro were exposed to hyperthermic
      treatment at 43 degrees C or 45 degrees C. Depletion of 99.5% of the
      intracellular glutathione (GSH) by addition of 0.1 mM diethylmaleate (DEM)
      increased thermal sensitivity. This effect, however, was dependent upon oxygen
      tension. Decreasing the oxygen tension reduced the effect. Thermal cytotoxicity
      was further augmented by continued depletion of GSH after hyperthermic treatment.
      Once cells became thermally tolerant, depletion of GSH did not affect thermal
      sensitivity. The development of thermotolerance was triggered by exposing Chinese
      hamster ovary cells to a thermal dose consisting of either 30 min at 43 degrees
      or 10 min at 45 degrees. After a 4-h incubation at 37 degrees, the cells were
      reheated at 43 degrees or 45 degrees, respectively. A triggering dose of 30 min
      at 43 degrees is a nonlethal treatment, while 10 min at 45 degrees kills 50% of
      the cells. Cells were exposed to 0.1 mM DEM during the triggering and development
      phases of tolerance. Depletion of GSH by addition of DEM did not inhibit the
      development of thermal tolerance when triggered by the 30-min-43 degrees thermal
      dose. However, exposure to DEM did inhibit the development of thermal tolerance
      if the triggering dose consisted of 10 min at 45 degrees. These results were
      interpreted to mean that GSH depletion will inhibit the development of
      thermotolerance only after a sufficiently toxic thermal dose.

PMID- 4063983
TI  - Potential role of treatment artifact in the effect of cell density upon
      frequencies of C3H/10T1/2 cell transformation.
AB  - Reports of unusual increases in transformation frequency in low density cultures
      of C3H/10T1/2 cells suggest that transformation occurs via an indirect multistage
      mechanism. The effect of surviving cell density upon subsequent focus production
      was examined in C3H/10T1/2 cultures treated with acetone, 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
      (MNNG), MNNG plus TPA, or 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA). Foci developed independent
      of cell density in 0.5 and 5.9% of all cultures exposed to acetone and TPA (0.25
      micrograms/ml), respectively. Transformation after treatment with MNNG (0.5
      micrograms/ml) occurred with low frequency (less than or equal to 7 X 10(
      4)/surviving cell) and was enhanced by TPA. In MNNG plus TPA treated cultures
      containing less than or equal to 140 viable cells the fraction of dishes with
      foci was dependent upon the number of cells present at the time of MNNG
      treatment. As a result, relatively constant frequencies of focus formation were
      obtained (less than or equal to 6 X 10(-3) after correction for focus formation
      in TPA treated solvent controls). Focus frequency declined at cell densities
      greater than or equal to 350 cells. In contrast, treatment with MCA (1.0
      microgram/ml) produced transformed foci with frequencies that varied from 3.3 X
      10(-2) at the lowest density (5.5 cells) to 5.4 X 10(-4) at the highest (4400
      cells). In low density cultures (5.6-56 cells), the fraction of dishes with foci
      was independent of the number of cells treated. Thus cell density had
      differential effects upon the frequency of foci produced by MCA or MNNG plus TPA.
      However, binding studies demonstrated that 6-7% of the MCA added to cell culture
      dishes was retained after the termination of carcinogen treatment. This residual
      MCA possessed biological activity which may be sufficient to elevate
      transformation frequencies in low density cultures.

PMID- 4063984
TI  - Gossypol, a hyperthermic sensitizer of HeLa cells.
AB  - Gossypol, a polyphenolic aldehyde extracted from cotton plants, is a potent
      antifertility agent in humans. Since we have previously reported that several
      male antifertility agents including 5-thio-D-glucose and lonidamine demonstrate
      hyperthermic sensitizing effects in HeLa cells, we wished to determine whether
      gossypol also exhibits the hyperthermic sensitization. Gossypol was not cytotoxic
      up to 4 h at 37 degrees C (10 micrograms/ml). When HeLa cells were exposed to
      gossypol at 41 degrees and 42 degrees C, significant potentiation of hyperthermia
      induced cytotoxicity was observed. The magnitude of the potentiation was
      dependent on the drug concentration, pH of the culture medium, glucose
      concentration, temperature, and duration of treatment. The hyperthermic
      sensitizing effect of gossypol was increased by an acidic pH and glucose
      deprivation. These data suggest that the sensitizing effect of the drug may be
      mediated through the lowering of cellular energy level by the inhibition of both
      glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation.

PMID- 4063985
TI  - Interspecies Lewis lung carcinoma x Chinese hamster ovary hybrids as protective
      agents against Lewis lung carcinoma tumor growth.
AB  - Interspecies somatic cell hybrids formed between a clone of Lewis lung carcinoma
      (LLC/9) and Chinese hamster ovary cells were assessed for tumorigenicity in
      C57BL/6 mice and capacity to protect mice against a challenge with LLC/9 cells.
      LLC/9 cells were fused with ouabain-resistant-Chinese hamster ovary cells
      deficient in hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase. Hybrids were
      selected in medium supplemented with hypoxanthine: aminopterin: thymidine and 5
      mM ouabain. Hybrids were shown to contain chromosomes and surface antigens of
      both parents. At doses up to 10(7) cells, uncloned hybrids and hybrid clones
      obtained by limiting dilution were nontumorigenic in C57BL/6 mice, while 10(4)
      LLC/9 cells were tumorigenic in 80% of mice. In protection experiments, hybrid
      cells were injected i.p., followed by foot pad challenge with 10(6) LLC/9 cells.
      Three injections of live uncloned hybrids produced complete protection, while one
      or two injections gave partial protection. Individual live hybrid clones
      conferred no or partial but never complete protection. Administration of hybrids
      or LLC cells killed by freezing and thawing or arrested in division by treatment
      with mitomycin C failed to confer protection against subsequent challenge with
      LLC/9 cells. These LLC/9 X CHO hybrid cells will be useful for studying therapy
      of primary LLC tumors and their pulmonary metastases.

PMID- 4063986
TI  - Effects of the tricyclic nucleoside 6-amino-4-methyl-8-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-
      pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]pyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazine on the viability and cell cycle
      distribution of L1210 cells in vitro.
AB  - TCN (1 microM) totally inhibited the growth of L1210 cells in culture and caused
      progressive loss of cellular viability, as indicated by a decreased clonogenicity
      and nigrosin dye exclusion. After 24 h or more of TCN treatment, a significant
      fraction of the cells had shrunk in size but did not fragment into dye
      impermeable vesicles as reported previously for N1S1-67 hepatoma cells (P. G. W.
      Plagemann, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 57: 1283-1295, 1976). TCN-induced growth
      inhibition was accompanied by a block of cell cycle progression in G1 or at the
      G1-S boundary. At all TCN concentrations studied, progression of cells out from
      behind this block was evident as a depletion of the early S-phase population in
      comparison to controls, while increasing the concentration of TCN (0.1 to 1
      microM) led to a progressive retention of cells in S phase, suggesting a slowing
      of progression through S phase. The fraction of S-phase cells incorporating
      [methyl-3H]thymidine and the amount of [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporated per
      labeled cell were both decreased by TCN treatment. Increasing the concentration
      of TCN (0.1 to 1 microM) progressively decreased DNA synthesis and increased cell
      lethality. Thus it appeared that inhibition of DNA synthesis might cause the
      retention of cells in S phase which is associated with TCN lethality.

PMID- 4063987
TI  - Effector mechanism in concomitant immunity potentiated by intratumoral injection
      of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton.
AB  - Primary growth of AMC 60 fibrosarcoma inoculated into the hind leg of ACI/N rats
      resulted in occasional generation of concomitant resistance to growth of a second
      graft of the same tumor cells in the peritoneal or pleural cavity. Using this
      syngeneic tumor-host system, experiments were carried out to elucidate the effect
      of intratumoral injections of an immunomodulator, Nocardia rubra cell wall
      skeleton (N-CWS), on concomitant immunity. Rats bearing a solid tumor into which
      N-CWS was repeatedly injected showed a significant inhibitory effect on the
      proliferation of the tumor cells inoculated secondarily into the peritoneal
      cavity, i.e., concomitant immunity, as compared to control groups of normal, N
      CWS-treated and solid tumor-bearing rats. Peritoneal macrophages, when harvested
      after i.p. tumor inoculation into the N-CWS treated solid tumor-bearing rats,
      were found to be significantly potentiated for tumoricidal activity against [5
      125I]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine-labeled AMC tumor cells. These potentiated macrophages
      were induced tumor specifically by i.p. inoculation of AMC tumor cells but not by
      unrelated syngeneic reticulosarcoma SL 1 tumor cells; nevertheless their
      tumoricidal activity was observed tumor nonspecifically for the SL 1 tumor cells.
      Additional experiments revealed that nonadherent peritoneal cells were only
      weakly tumoricidal and that the macrophage tumoricidal activity was completely
      abolished in the presence of carrageenan. Thus in the model presented here, it is
      possible to conclude that the augmentation of concomitant immunity by injection
      of N-CWS into a primary solid tumor is mainly due to potentiation of the
      tumoricidal activity of tumor-associated macrophages in the peritoneal cavity.
      Although the underlying mechanism by which concomitant resistance can be
      augmented by intratumoral injection of N-CWS remains undetermined, the existence
      of a tumor-specific trigger for induction of potentiated tumoricidal macrophages
      may indicate that N-CWS when injected repeatedly into the tumor tissue plays an
      important role in augmenting a pre-existing, weak, tumor-specific cell-mediated
      immune response leading to activation of macrophages.

PMID- 4063988
TI  - Protection against tumorigenesis by 3-methylcholanthrene in mice by beta
      naphthoflavone as a function of inducibility of methylcholanthrene metabolism.
AB  - The noncarcinogenic enzyme inducer beta-naphthoflavone (beta-NF) causes an
      increase in both rate of activation and of detoxification of polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbon carcinogens in tissues of mice of induction-responsive strains. An
      experiment was carried out to test whether pretreatment with beta-NF would
      potentiate, protect against, or have no effect on the tumorigenicity of
      methylcholanthrene (MC) administered intragastrically to mice of varying
      responsiveness to induction of MC metabolism. The mouse strains used were
      C57BL/6, BALB/c, and C3H (inbred, highly responsive to induction), Swiss (random
      bred, moderately responsive), and DBA/2 and AKR (inbred, nonresponsive). Twelve
      weekly treatments with 20 mg MC/kg intragastrically were preceded 24 h earlier
      each week by 150 mg beta-NF/kg i.p. or oil. Mice were killed when moribund or 1
      year after start of treatment. During this period the beta-NF-pretreatment
      greatly reduced mortality due to cancer among the responsive inbred mice, by 100%
      for the C57BL/6, 89% for the BALB/c, and 65% for the C3H, compared with 50% for
      the Swiss, 23% for the DBA/2 and 0% for the AKR. There were significant
      reductions in MC-caused tumor incidences as a result of beta-NF pretreatment for:
      sarcomas, lymphomas, and forestomach and skin tumors for the C57BL/6 mice;
      sarcomas, mesotheliomas, and mammary carcinomas for the C3H mice; mesotheliomas
      for the BALB/c mice; sarcomas and tumors of the skin, forestomach, and lung for
      the Swiss mice; and lymphomas for the DBA/2 mice. beta-NF pretreatment did not
      cause an increase in the incidence of any type of tumor. These results are
      consistent with the conclusion that inducers of mixed function oxygenase activity
      generally provide protection against tumorigenesis by systemically administered
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogens, probably by increasing rate of
      detoxification.

PMID- 4063989
TI  - Comparative metabolic activation in mouse skin of the weak carcinogen 6
      methylchrysene and the strong carcinogen 5-methylchrysene.
AB  - We compared the metabolic activation in mouse skin of the weak carcinogen 6
      methylchrysene, which lacks a bay region methyl group, and the strong carcinogen
      5-methylchrysene, which has a bay region methyl group. Metabolites of 6-methyl
      chrysene were prepared using liver homogenates and were identified by their
      spectral properties and by comparison to synthetic standards as dihydrodiols,
      hydroxymethyl derivatives, and phenols; their relative levels of formation in
      liver homogenates from rats and mice were dependent on inducer pretreatment. In
      mouse skin in vivo, the major metabolite of 6-methyl-chrysene was trans-1,2
      dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-6-methylchrysene (6-MeC-1,2-diol), the precursor to a bay
      region dihydrodiol epoxide. Its concentration was greater than that of trans-1,2
      dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-5-methylchrysene (5-MeC-1,2-diol) formed in mouse skin from
      5-methylchrysene. Since 5-MeC-1,2-diol has been identified as a major proximate
      carcinogen of 5-methylchrysene, the further metabolism and tumorigenicity of 5
      MeC-1,2-diol and 6-MeC-1,2-diol were compared. Both dihydrodiols were converted
      to 1,2,3,4-tetraols and to 1,2-dihydroxy metabolites to similar extents in mouse
      skin. However, 5-MeC-1,2-diol was significantly more active than was 6-MeC-1,2
      diol as a tumor initiator on mouse skin. The formation of DNA adducts in mouse
      skin from 5-methylchrysene and 6-methylchrysene was compared. Both hydrocarbons
      gave qualitatively similar adduct patterns, but the formation of dihydrodiol
      epoxide type adducts was 1/20 as great from 6-methylchrysene as from 5
      methylchrysene. The results of this study indicate that the weak tumorigenicity
      of 6-methylchrysene compared to that of 5-methylchrysene is not due to differing
      rates of formation or further metabolism of their 1,2-dihydrodiols but is a
      likely consequence of the lower activity of 1,2-dihydroxy-3,4-epoxy-1,2,3,4
      tetrahydro-6-methylchrysene compared to 1,2-dihydroxy-3,4-epoxy-1,2,3,4
      tetrahydro-5-methylchrysene; the unique structural feature of the latter is the
      presence of a methyl group and an epoxide ring in the same bay region.

PMID- 4063990
TI  - Reduction of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase activity in HeLa cells treated
      with O6-alkylguanines.
AB  - Exposure of HeLa cells to 0.2 mM O6-methylguanine for 4 h or longer led to a 70
      80% loss in the activity of the DNA-repair protein, O6-alkylguanine-DNA
      alkyltransferase. The decline in alkyltransferase activity brought about by O6
      methylguanine was reversible on removing the base but at least 48 h were required
      for complete restoration. This loss of activity could also be brought about by
      other O6-alkylguanines including ethyl, n-propyl, and n-butyl, but the isopropyl
      and 2-hydroxyethyl derivatives were considerably less active. The rate of decline
      of alkyltransferase activity produced by O6-methylguanine was much more rapid
      than the rate of loss when protein synthesis was inhibited indicating that it was
      not brought about by blocking the synthesis of the protein. The loss of
      alkyltransferase activity was not prevented by the addition of inhibitors of
      nucleic acid or protein synthesis suggesting that it did not require protein
      synthesis or the incorporation of the O6-alkylguanine into nucleic acids. When
      cell free O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase preparations were incubated in
      vitro with O6-methylguanine they became inactivated and when O6-[3H]methylguanine
      was used, [3H]guanine was produced. The inactivation was concentration dependent
      requiring 0.4 mM for a maximal rate and was quite slow requiring 3-4 hours for
      completion. These results suggest that the loss of O6-alkylguanine-DNA
      alkyltransferase activity is brought about by the free base acting as a very weak
      substrate for the protein. Exposure of mammalian cells to O6-methylguanine or O6
      n-butylguanine provides a means by which the level of O6-alkylguanine-DNA
      alkyltransferase can be regulated experimentally. This should enable the design
      of experiments to examine the role of O6-alkylguanine adducts in mutagenesis,
      carcinogenesis, and cell toxicity after administration of alkylating agents.

PMID- 4063991
TI  - Inhibition by 2-bromo-alpha-ergocriptine and tamoxifen of the growth of an
      estrogen-dependent transplantable pituitary tumor (MtT/F84) in F344 rats.
AB  - A new transplantable pituitary tumor, designated MtT/F84, was induced in
      estrogenized female F344 rats and has been serially passaged in 17 beta-estradiol
      treated females. It grew well in rats treated with estrone, 17 beta-estradiol, or
      estriol but not in intact females or in rats given progesterone or testosterone.
      The growth of MtT/F84 in rats grafted with up to 1.6 X 10(6) tumor cells and
      given 17 beta-estradiol was inhibited by orally administered high dose
      bromocriptine (37.5 mg/kg in food) or by intraperitoneal injection of tamoxifen
      citrate but was not inhibited by low dose bromocriptine (3.75 mg/kg in food). The
      tumors grown in intact females contain high amounts of estrogen receptor, and
      they were greatly reduced in the tumors grown either in 17 beta-estradiol or 17
      beta-estradiol-plus-tamoxifen loaded rats. However, administration of
      bromocriptine resulted in estrogen receptor levels significantly higher than
      those of tumors grown in 17 beta-estradiol. The existence of dopamine receptor
      was also confirmed. Growth inhibition of MtT/F84 either by high dose
      bromocriptine or by tamoxifen may be a direct action and may be an estrogen and
      dopamine receptor-mediated phenomenon.

PMID- 4063992
TI  - Kinetics of DNA cross-linking in normal and neoplastic mouse tissues following
      treatment with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) in vivo.
AB  - The formation and repair of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP)-induced
      DNA cross-links in cells from a number of different mouse tissues, both normal
      and neoplastic, were compared in three different populations of animals, tumor
      free mice and mice bearing a transplanted fibrosarcoma (either FSa or NFSa) in
      their thighs. Groups of mice were given i.v. injections of 4-12-mg/kg doses of
      cis-DDP, and the amount of cis-DDP-induced DNA cross-linking was determined at
      different times after injection using an adaptation of the alkaline elution
      technique. The degree of cross-linking in each tissue was linearly related to the
      dose of cis-DDP at either 6 or 24 h after injection and varied significantly
      among the different tissues, with FSa, NFSa, kidney, and liver showing the
      highest level of cross-linking of the tissues studied. The relative contributions
      of DNA-interstrand and DNA-protein cross-links to the elution profiles were
      estimated by proteinase K (PK) digestion. At either 6 or 24 h after injection
      with cis-DDP, the rate of elution of the DNA was substantially increased by PK,
      indicating a large contribution of DNA-protein cross-links. This effect was
      observed in all tissues studied, although the proportion of PK-resistant lesions
      appeared to vary from tissue to tissue, liver and spleen showing a significantly
      lower proportion of DNA-interstrand to total cross-links than either of the
      tumors. For liver, virtually no interstrand cross-links could be detected after
      PK treatment. The kinetics of the repair of cis-DDP-induced DNA cross-linking in
      these tissues were also compared. In cells from tumor-free animals, the amount of
      total (DNA-interstrand plus DNA-protein) cross-linking increased gradually,
      reaching a maximum after about 6 h; however, little evidence of repair of these
      lesions was observed in any of these normal tissues. In fact, the degree of cross
      linking tended to increase somewhat between 6 and 24 h after injection. The
      kinetics of cross-linking in cells isolated from the FSa tumor were very
      different; while there was an initial increase in cross-linking up to 6 h, these
      lesions were subsequently repaired, although at a somewhat slower rate than has
      been reported for cultured mammalian cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4063993
TI  - A gelatin sponge model for studying tumor growth: flow cytometric analysis and
      quantitation of leukocytes and tumor cells in the EMT6 mouse tumor.
AB  - This study examined the recruitment of host cells into a progressing EMT6 tumor
      following the inoculation of tumorigenic cells into a preimplanted gelatin
      sponge. Tumor cell proliferation occurred to a greater extent in sponge tumors
      than in tumors obtained by direct subcutaneous injection of tumor cells. Blank
      sponges, lacking tumorigenic cells and used as controls, elicited an inflammatory
      response characterized by a modest infiltration of granulocytes and macrophages
      whose numbers, after Day 7 postimplantation, remained unchanged for 21 days of
      sponge residence in the animal. In contrast, when the sponge contained tumor
      cells, there was a continuous increase in host cell infiltration that paralleled
      the increase in tumor cells. Whether in a sponge or not, tumor cells represented
      more than half of the recovered cells by Day 21 after tumor cell inoculation.
      Macrophages comprised the greatest fraction of host cells infiltrating the
      tumors. Flow cytometric analysis and morphological examination of disaggregated
      tumors indicated that macrophages (19-51%) made up the largest proportion of host
      cells followed in order by granulocytes (6-18%) and lymphocytes (2-9%). Sorting
      of marker-labeled cells revealed that 94% of the surface immunoglobulin-bearing
      cells were macrophages. Twenty-two % of the cells bearing the Thy 1.2 marker were
      lymphocytes, and 68% were macrophages. The data confirm the occurrence of a
      cellular host response in the tumor-bearing animal which is distinct from the
      foreign body reaction elicited by a blank sponge. Additionally, the sponge system
      described here represents a recoverable environment that would facilitate the
      study of in vivo host-tumor cell interactions that occur during early tumor
      development or later during therapy-induced tumor rejection when a palpable tumor
      is not present.

PMID- 4063994
TI  - Detection of low levels of urinary mutagen excretion by chemotherapy workers
      which was not related to occupational drug exposures.
AB  - Urine specimens from a total of 26 subjects who were either nurses, pharmacists,
      or pharmacy technicians engaged in the preparation, handling, or administration
      of cancer chemotherapeutic agents were analyzed for the presence of mutagenic
      substances. Assays were performed using bacterial strains TA98 and TA100 in the
      Salmonella/mammalian microsomal mutagenicity assay developed by Ames et al.
      (Mutat. Res., 31: 347-364, 1975). Findings were compared with results from
      similar assays of urine specimens for 38 hospital personnel not exposed to cancer
      chemotherapeutic agents. There was no evidence of an association between
      occupational exposure to chemotherapy drugs and the presence of mutagenic
      substances that could be detected by this assay procedure in either specimens of
      filter-sterilized urine or extracts of urine concentrated with XAD-2 resins. An
      association was observed, however, between smoking and increased urinary
      excretion of mutagens. None of the observed associations was changed
      substantially by statistical adjustment for the occupational category of the
      subject (nurse or pharmacist), hospital of employment, or values of concurrent
      solvent controls for the mutagenesis assays. Associations with occupational
      exposures were not changed by controlling for smoking history. In addition to the
      large increases for smokers, testing of extracts of urine from nonsmokers with
      bacterial strain TA98 yielded mutagenicity values that averaged about 50% higher
      than values for solvent controls. Similar small increases were observed in
      previous published reports of human urine mutagenicity assays using tester
      strains TA1538 and TA98. We found little evidence to suggest that the small
      increases observed for nonsmokers were associated with technical factors such as
      the presence in the extracts of histidine or other substances promoting bacterial
      growth or contamination of the specimens during collection or extraction
      procedures. Since it appears that technical factors can be excluded, we believe
      that the increases were associated with urinary excretion of low levels of
      mutagen by a high proportion of subjects tested. The lack of an association of
      mutagenicity with occupational exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs may have been
      due to protective measures at the hospitals surveyed and suggests that, with
      appropriate procedures, these agents can be administered in a manner such that
      human exposure cannot be detected using this approach.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 4063995
TI  - Relationship of dehydroascorbic acid transport to cell lineage in lymphocytes
      from normal subjects and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Dehydroascorbic acid is the principal form for the cellular uptake by blood cells
      of vitamin C. Since previous studies from this laboratory had shown a higher
      content of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) in chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia (CLL) lymphocytes when compared to their normal counterparts, DHA uptake
      was characterized using these cells. The affinities of CLL and normal lymphocytes
      for DHA uptake were similar, as demonstrated by the Km values of 3.7 and 3.5 mM,
      respectively. Differences were found in other kinetic constants of DHA uptake.
      The Vmax for normal lymphocytes, 634 mumol/liter cell H2O/min, was approximately
      twice that of CLL cells, 392 mumol/liter cell H2O/min. In addition, the initial
      velocity and the maximal DHA uptake by normal lymphocytes were greater than that
      of CLL lymphocytes. These differences were not simply a reflection of lymphocyte
      subsets since CLL B-cells demonstrated lower uptake rates than did normal B-cells
      whereas CLL T-cells were similar to their normal counterparts. The alterations
      appear to be specific for the leukemic B-cell since they were not shared by
      neoplastic cells from two patients with T-cell CLL. When analyzed in light of the
      3-fold greater cellular DHA and ascorbic acid content in B-cell CLL as compared
      to normal lymphocytes, these kinetic parameters support the occurrence of a
      concentration-dependent transport system for DHA. We conclude that the DHA uptake
      properties of CLL lymphocytes of B-cell origin serves to distinguish this lineage
      from T-cell CLL or normal lymphocytes.

PMID- 4063996
TI  - Effect of vitamins C and E on endogenous synthesis of N-nitrosamino acids in
      humans: precursor-product studies with [15N]nitrate.
AB  - The endogenous formation of nitrosoproline (NPRO) following administration of
      nitrate and proline is reported in ten healthy young adults. There was a
      relatively constant basal excretion of NPRO, 26 +/- 10 (SD) nmol/day, in excess
      of amounts found in the diet. This basal synthesis of NPRO was not reduced by
      ascorbic acid (2 g/day) or alpha-tocopherol (400 mg/day). A significant rise in
      the excretion of NPRO was observed following the administration of nitrate and
      proline, ranging from 29 to 318 nmol/24 h with a mean of 100 nmol/24 h.
      [15N]Nitrate was used as a tracer to study the observed excess excretion of NPRO
      in urine. The data revealed that urinary NPRO excretion as a result of endogenous
      synthesis is not totally derived from ingested nitrate as its precursor. The
      ingestion of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol inhibited the incorporation of
      [15N]nitrate into NPRO by 81 and 59%, respectively. An additional nitrosamino
      acid, N-nitrosothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, was present in the urine. It was
      found that N-nitrosothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid increased 6-fold upon
      ingestion of nitrate. Ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol blocked this nitrate
      induced synthesis.

PMID- 4063997
TI  - Re: In vitro versus in vivo correlations of chemosensitivity of human
      medulloblastoma.

PMID- 4063998
TI  - Re: Effect of nitrous oxide on human bone marrow cells and its synergistic effect
      with methionine and methotrexate on functional folate deficiency.

PMID- 4064000
TI  - The role of chemicals and radiation in the etiology of cancer.

PMID- 4063999
TI  - The use of rodent tumors in experimental cancer therapy. Conclusions and
      recommendations from an international workshop.

PMID- 4064001
TI  - Analogous patterns of benzo[a]pyrene metabolism in human and rodent cells.

PMID- 4064002
TI  - Genetic mechanisms of oncogenesis.

PMID- 4064003
TI  - Cell culture studies on the mechanism of action of chemical carcinogens and tumor
      promoters.
AB  - The evolution of a fully malignant tumor is a multistep process resulting from
      the action of multiple factors, both environmental and endogenous, and involves
      alterations in the function of multiple cellular genes. Chemical carcinogens that
      initiate this process appear to do so by damaging cellular DNA. In addition to
      producing simple point mutations, this damage appears to induce the synthesis of
      a trans acting factor that can induce asynchronous DNA replication. This response
      may result in gene amplification and/or gene rearrangement. This phenomenon may
      also play a role in synergistic interactions between chemicals and viruses in the
      causation of certain cancers. The primary target of the tumor promoters TPA,
      teleocidin, and aplysiatoxin appears to be the cell membrane. All three of these
      agents act, at least in part, by enhancing the activity of the phospholipid
      dependent enzyme protein kinase C. We have proposed a stereochemical model to
      explain the interaction of these amphiphilic compounds with the PKC system. We
      have found that TPA and teleocidin markedly enhance the transformation of C3H
      10T1/2 mouse fibroblasts when these cells are transfected with the cloned H-ras
      human bladder cancer oncogene. Thus, tumor promoters can act synergistically with
      an activated oncogene to enhance cell transformation. Furthermore, carcinogen
      transformed rodent cells display aberrations in the expression of various
      endogenous retrovirus-related sequences. Activation of some of these sequences
      may lead to insertion mutations and further aberrations in gene expression. Thus,
      multistage carcinogenesis may involve both changes in cellular oncogenes and
      aberrations in the function of DNA sequences that control gene transcription.

PMID- 4064004
TI  - Mechanisms of chemically induced multistep neoplastic transformation in C3H 10T
      1/2 cells.

PMID- 4064005
TI  - Inhibition and enhancement of oncogenic cell transformation in C3H 10T 1/2 CL8
      cells.

PMID- 4064006
TI  - Genes and membrane signals involved in neoplastic transformation.
AB  - Figure 2 summarizes our current understanding of the signal transduction events
      that appear to be involved in promotion of transformation in JB6 cells. Among the
      earliest promotion-relevant events (at least for phorbol esters) appear to be C
      kinase activation and superoxide anion elevation. Whether such events regulate
      expression of pro genes needs to be elucidated. Finally, Fig. 3 presents a model
      for the role of pro genes and transforming genes in inducing and maintaining
      neoplastic transformation in mouse JB6 cells. Our current hypothesis is that TPA
      interacts with its receptor (C-kinase) to trigger one or more promotion-relevant
      second messages, which then activate expression of pro gene(s). The product of a
      pro gene is postulated to then activate expression of a transforming gene so that
      its expression becomes constitutive in the neoplastic cell. In the P- cells the
      "defect" could be at the level of a missing second messenger signal to activate
      pro genes or a structural change in pro genes such that they are not expressed or
      they lack activity even though expressed. Recent evidence to be presented
      elsewhere indicates that pro genes are not limited to mouse cells but are found
      in certain human tumor and nontumor cells. If human pro homologues turn out to
      show biological activity for specifying sensitivity to neoplastic transformation,
      this finding will add a new dimension to testing the somatic mutation hypothesis
      of carcinogenesis.

PMID- 4064007
TI  - Receptors and endogenous analogs for the phorbol ester tumor promoters.

PMID- 4064008
TI  - Mechanisms of malignant transformation of human diploid cells.

PMID- 4064009
TI  - Cancer in ataxia-telangiectasia.

PMID- 4064010
TI  - Cellular responses in chronic radiation leukemogenesis.

PMID- 4064011
TI  - Retinoblastoma gene: a human cancer recessive (regulatory?) susceptibility gene.
AB  - The Rb susceptibility gene located in chromosomal region 13q14 apparently
      represents one of a class of recessive human cancer genes that can be contrasted
      to known oncogenes that function following amplification, aberrant insertion, or
      base substitutions at key sites within their gene. Loss of function of both Rb
      alleles appears to characterize the mechanism by which the Rb gene produces
      tumors, which may also include the second primary malignancies seen with high
      frequency in patients with the hereditary forms of retinoblastoma. Since the Rb
      gene may have a "suppressor" or "regulatory" function (which could include the
      regulation of an oncogene), cloning of such a human cancer susceptibility gene
      would seem highly worthwhile. Our laboratory, as well as several others, is
      therefore currently attempting to clone this gene.

PMID- 4064012
TI  - Chromosome abnormalities in human leukemia as indicators of mutagenic exposure.
AB  - It is from an analysis of these data that I proposed that losses of all or part
      of the long arm of chromosomes 5 and/or 7 may be indicators of exposure to
      mutagenic agents (8). Moreover, our analysis of the regions of chromosomes 5 and
      7 that are consistently missing can define the critical region of each chromosome
      with some precision. Looked at from another perspective, the frequency of losses
      of chromosomes 5 and/or 7 may be an indicator of the proportion of ANLL in each
      particular population that is related to some mutagenic exposure. These
      aberrations are most frequent in cells of patients who were previously exposed to
      various cytotoxic regimens for treatment of a primary (usually malignant)
      disease; these patients are considered to have 2 degrees ANLL. Among patients
      with ANLL de novo, abnormalities of chromosomes 5 and 7 are much more frequent in
      older than younger patients. Finally, among adult patients with ANLL de novo, -5
      and -7 are more common in those whose occupations could potentially expose them
      to mutagenic agents such as chemicals, pesticides, or petroleum products. With
      regard to chromosome 5, most of these deletions are interstitial and always
      include 5q23 through q31, which I have called the critical region. Although I am
      less certain with regard to chromosome 7, it appears that the critical region
      that is consistently deleted may be 7q32 or 7q34-35.

PMID- 4064014
TI  - In vitro models of mutagenesis.
AB  - The bypass of lesions in DNA with insertion of nucleotides opposite damaged bases
      has been studied as a model for mutagenesis in an in vitro system. Lesions
      introduced by dimethyl sulfate at adenines and by ultraviolet light at pyrimidine
      dimers act as termination sites on both double- and single-stranded DNA
      templates. Base selection opposite noninformational lesions is, in part, a
      property of the polymerases: different polymerases have different selectivities
      although all polymerases tested seem to prefer purines. The ability to insert
      "incorrect" bases is determined in part by the sequence 5' to the lesion on the
      template strand. The hypothesis that damaged purines tend to result in
      transversions can be applied to published data on activation of the c-ras
      oncogene.

PMID- 4064013
TI  - Role of intercalation in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogenesis.

PMID- 4064015
TI  - Evolution and cancer.

PMID- 4064016
TI  - Potential use of gradient denaturing gel electrophoresis in obtaining mutational
      spectra from human cells.

PMID- 4064017
TI  - Slit ventricles as a cause of isolated ventricles after shunting.
AB  - In a follow-up study of 164 hydrocephalic children without tumors treated with
      ventriculoperitoneal shunts, 46 (28.0%) developed slit ventricles, 5 (3.0%)
      developed isolated fourth ventricles, and 4 (2.4%) developed isolated unilateral
      hydrocephalus. All of the patients with isolated unilateral hydrocephalus and 3
      with isolated fourth ventricles had associated slit ventricles, 2 of whom had
      enlarged ventricles as double-compartment hydrocephalus. Reopening of the foramen
      of Monro or the aqueduct was achieved in one of the former and two of the latter
      cases with re-expansion of the slit ventricles. It is suggested that in some
      cases, the slit ventricle could be a causative factor in post-shunt isolated
      ventricle.

PMID- 4064018
TI  - Classification and management of the slit ventricle syndrome.
AB  - A total of 32 patients with overdrainage of CSF, fulfilling the radiological and
      clinical criteria for collapsed ventricles ("slit ventricles"), were classified
      into acute, subacute and chronic forms. The basis of classification into these
      categories was neurologic symptomatology. The majority (29 patients) originally
      had a ventriculoatrial shunt and 3 had ventriculoperitoneal shunts. Operative
      correction was performed in 23 patients (insertion of a high pressure valve in 18
      and an antisiphon device in 5). Of these, 5 had acute, 10 subacute, and 6 chronic
      symptoms. Two patients without symptoms were operated on also. During the follow
      up period, which varied from 2 to 11 months, no patient has shown recurrence of
      the original symptoms of the slit ventricle syndrome; two patients developed
      subacute signs and an antisiphon device was inserted in addition to the high
      resistance valve. On the basis of this series, it is concluded that the slit
      ventricle syndrome can also develop in patients with an atrioventricular shunt
      and can be treated by preventing further overdrainage of CSF. Though the results
      are acceptable by present methods, the need for a servo-regulated shunt persists.
      The surgical correction should preferably be performed before the acute phase. A
      flowchart is presented for management of a child with suspected slit ventricles.

PMID- 4064019
TI  - Ventriculovenous shunt against the direction of blood flow: a new approach for
      shunting the cerebrospinal fluid to the venous circulation.
AB  - Fifty hydrocephalic children have been treated during the past 2 years by
      shunting the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to the internal jugular vein (IJV) against
      the direction of blood flow. Shunting the CSF in this way prevents the
      development of siphonage in the erect posture and regulates the intraventricular
      pressure (IVP) within normal limits. Most of the commonly encountered
      complications with current extracranial shunts did not occur. The
      ventriculomegaly regressed in patients with rigid craniums. The enormously
      enlarged head was reduced in size as a result of surgery in five infants. A
      shunting catheter with a simple unidirectional valve was used to establish the
      ventriculovenous (VV) connection. Shuntography was done on two patients.

PMID- 4064020
TI  - Mu and alpha rhythm in comatose children.
AB  - Three anoxic comatose children had EEG alpha-like activity and in two of them mu
      rhythm was recorded. The paradoxical appearance of these electrical activities in
      comatose children seems to indicate a grave prognosis. A possible role for
      barbiturate treatment in this phenomenon is not excluded.

PMID- 4064021
TI  - Double infection of the CNS with herpes simplex and mumps viruses. Serological
      and ultrastructural studies.
AB  - Clinical, serological and ultrastructural features are described in a case of
      acute encephalitis. The ultrastructural study of brain biopsy specimens revealed
      herpes-and paramyxovirus-like particles in neurons and glial cells that were
      characterized as herpes simplex and mumps viruses by serological study in serum
      and CSF. Of the few cases previously reported with double encephalitis, this is
      the only one in which ultrastructural and serological evidence of combined brain
      infection has been found.

PMID- 4064022
TI  - Computed tomographic and histopathological studies of pontine glioma.
AB  - Correlative study of computed tomography (CT) and pathologic findings was
      performed in eight cases of pontine glioma. All patients except one had
      chemotherapy and radiotherapy, with no surgical intervention. On initial CT
      scans, all patients had hypodense lesions in part or the whole of the pons, and
      there was evidence of mass effect. Four of eight cases showed contrast
      enhancement. After chemotherapy and radiotherapy, swelling of the pons and the
      width of the hypodense areas decreased. The hypodense areas sometimes became
      isodense in correlation with clinical amelioration. After several months of
      remission in responding cases, ring-enhanced lesions reappeared at the primary
      site, together with recurrent neurological signs. Pathological study postmortem
      was focused on the histological counterparts of the CT findings of central and
      perifocal hypodense areas and contrast enhancement. In six of seven treated
      cases, the central hypodense area surrounded by ring enhancement was shown to be
      coagulation necrosis. Higher cellularity and hypervascularity with glomeruluslike
      structures of small vessels were generally observed in enhanced areas. The areas
      diffusely infiltrated by tumor cells, but not enhanced in CT scans, had few
      abnormal vessels. Tumor cells were seen not only in hypodense areas around the
      enhanced portion but also in areas far beyond the enhanced portion. Exophytic
      expansion of tumor was observed in two cases on postmortem examination. One of
      these was detected by CT scans before death.

PMID- 4064023
TI  - Giant cerebellar hemangioma in an infant.
AB  - A case is reported of an infant with a giant cerebellar vermis hemangioma which
      was totally removed. The excised specimen contained both cavernous angioma-like
      and telangiectasia-like portions with intervening cerebellar tissue. The tumor
      was considered to be a mixture of cavernous hemangioma and telangiectasia.

PMID- 4064024
TI  - Parietal foramina complicated by meningocele.
AB  - Parietal foramina are symmetrical bone defects adjacent to the sagittal suture
      and are not usually associated with other malformations. A case is described in
      which scalp tumors protruded through the foramina and proved to be meningoceles.
      No such cases appear to have been previously reported. The possible developmental
      mechanisms are discussed.

PMID- 4064025
TI  - Two synthetic antigens related to Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 capsular
      polysaccharide.
AB  - The synthesis of the allyl beta-glycosides (8 and 20, respectively) of beta-D
      GlcpA-(1----4)-D-Glcp and beta-D-Glcp-(1----3)-D-GlcpA (overlapping disaccharide
      fragments A and B) in the linear chain of the capsular polysaccharide (S3) from
      Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 is described. Oxidation of allyl 2,3,6,2',3',4'
      hexa-O-acetyl-beta-cellobioside with chromic acid and saponification of the
      product gave 8. The synthesis of 20 involved glycosylation of methyl 5-O-acetyl
      1,2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-glucofuranuronate or its 3-O-trityl derivative and
      subsequent furanose----pyranose transformation. The derivatives 8 and 20 were
      each copolymerised with acrylamide. In serological tests (enzyme immunoassay and
      passive hemagglutination), the resulting antigens exhibited the specificity of
      S3. It was concluded that fragment A was a much stronger immunodeterminant than
      fragment B.

PMID- 4064026
TI  - Synthesis, from cellobiose, of a trisaccharide closely related to the GlcNAc---
      GlcA----GlcN segment of the antithrombin-binding sequence of heparin.
AB  - O-(2-Deoxy-2-sulfamido-6-O-sulfo-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----4)- O-(beta-D-
      glucopyranosyluronic acid)-(1----4)-1,6-anhydro-2-deoxy-2-sulfamido-6-O-sulfo
      beta-D-gl ucopyranose pentasodium salt (14) was synthesized as a heparin-related
      oligosaccharide. The glycosyl acceptor (derived from cellobiose) and a glycosyl
      donor, 6-O-acetyl-2-azido-3,4-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl bromide,
      were coupled in the presence of mercuric bromide and molecular sieves 4A to
      afford a 69% yield of fully protected trisaccharide, namely, O-(6-O-acetyl-2
      azido-3,4-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1 ----4)- O-(methyl 2,3-di
      O-benzyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyluronate)-(1----4)-3-O-acetyl- 1,6-anhydro-2 - azido
      2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose (10), which was converted into the partially
      sulfated trisaccharide 14. Compound 10 also underwent acetolysis to afford the
      glycosyl acetate, for further elongation of the glycosyl chain.

PMID- 4064028
TI  - Tumor markers in cancer control. Selected papers from the 2nd International
      Conference on Human Tumor Markers. February 20-22, 1984, Vienna, Austria.

PMID- 4064027
TI  - Synthesis of 4,6,4',6'- and 3,6,3',6'-dianhydro-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyl alpha-D
      galactopyranoside).

PMID- 4064029
TI  - Degree of enhancement of polyamine biosynthetic decarboxylase activities in human
      tumors: a useful new index of degree of malignancy.
AB  - We have determined the levels of L-ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosyl-L
      methionine decarboxylase (AMD) in 134 untreated human primary tumors, such as
      skin epitheliomas and brain tumors. The levels of both decarboxylases increase in
      proportion to the grade of malignancy (ascertained by histologic criteria) in
      both the basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. In the various
      types of brain tumors, ODC levels are more reliable indications of the grade of
      malignancy than AMD levels. In fact, the highest ODC levels observed in
      medulloblastoma and in astrocytoma grade IV were not associated with similarly
      high AMD levels. The same dichotomy between the levels of the two decarboxylases
      was observed for meningiomas, in which ODC levels were higher in atypical forms
      (with karyokinesis) then in typical forms (without karyokinesis).

PMID- 4064030
TI  - Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen and tissue polypeptide antigen levels in lung
      cancer: correlation with cell types and stage.
AB  - This investigation was carried out to evaluate the plasma CEA and TPA levels in
      normal subjects and in 140 patients with lung cancer: 116 patients with nonsmall
      cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 24 patients with small cell carcinoma (SCLC). The
      CEA and TPA levels were determined simultaneously by radioimmunoassay. The cutoff
      limit of CEA was found to be 17 U/SORIN, and the cutoff of TPA was 99 U/L. TPA
      has shown a sensitivity almost twice that of CEA. The relationship between the
      mean values of CEA and TPA and the stages of NSCLC was statistically significant
      (P less than 0.01), whereas only the mean values of TPA significantly (P less
      than 0.05) correlated with extensive and limited disease in SCLC. The
      determinations of combined CEA and TPA levels (CEA X TPA) (P less than 0.001)
      correlated significantly with the stage of disease in patients with NSCLC;
      conversely, the use of CEA X TPA did not correlate with the stage of SCLC.

PMID- 4064031
TI  - Clinical significance of different serum tumor markers in gynecological
      malignancies.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic significance of serum
      tumor markers in patients with gynecological malignancies and to evaluate the
      usefulness of the markers in the follow-up after primary treatment. Determined
      were tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and
      phosphohexose isomerase (PHI). Serum samples from 200 patients with cervical
      cancer, 206 patients with endometrial cancer, and 254 patients with ovarian
      cancer were analyzed. With regard to specificity, CEA and PHI exhibited false
      positive rates below 10% in normal controls (N = 96). For TPA, the same result
      was obtained only by using 120 U/l as a cut-off level. As for sensitivity,
      positive rates above 50% prior to therapy were demonstrated by PHI and TPA in
      ovarian cancer as well as CEA in cervical cancer. All three tumor markers showed
      some decline in positiveness after primary therapy. In ovarian cancer the decline
      of PHI and TPA strongly correlates with the achievable tumor resection. During
      the follow-up, all markers demonstrated some discriminatory power by comparing
      patients with recurrent disease versus recurrence free. Especially PHI and TPA in
      ovarian cancer, CEA in cervical cancer, and PHI in endometrial cancer seem to be
      the most suitable markers.

PMID- 4064033
TI  - Biomarker studies in hereditary ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - Ovarian cancer has been increasing in frequency during the past several decades,
      particularly in Western industrialized nations. It has the ignominious
      distinction of being the major cause of death from genitourinary cancer in women
      in the United States. A small but significant fraction of patients with ovarian
      cancer have family histories that are compatible with a primary genetic factor.
      The hereditary variant is heterogeneous but these pedigrees reveal a high
      predictability of cancer. Therefore, families that are prone to ovarian cancer
      merit the highest priority for biomarker investigations. When considering the
      generally poor surveillance measures available to us for detecting ovarian cancer
      sufficiently early to improve prognosis, the search for biomarkers of high
      sensitivity and specificity assumes major significance. In turn, such biomarkers
      may shed light on the etiology and pathogenesis of ovarian cancer in the general
      population and more importantly provide mechanisms for early detection and
      prevention of death from this tumor.

PMID- 4064032
TI  - Neopterin, a biochemical indicator of cellular immune reactions, in the detection
      and control of patients with neoplastic diseases.
AB  - The incidence of elevated neopterin levels is presented for 748 patients with
      various malignancies. The mean urinary neopterin levels varied directly with
      stage and in patients with carcinoma of bladder according to histological grade
      of disease. In 178/208 patients with subsequent treatment for gynecological
      cancer, neopterin levels returned to normal within 3 weeks when tumor remission
      was achieved but remained high or even raised when persistent or recurrent cancer
      was later diagnosed. In 160 patients suffering from cervical carcinoma,
      significant differences in survival were demonstrated by Cox regression when
      patients were grouped according to their pretherapeutical neopterin level.

PMID- 4064034
TI  - Heterochromatic C-bands of chromosome 1 in ovarian cancer patients.
AB  - Lymphocyte cultures of 13 patients with ovarian cancer and of seven controls have
      been used to investigate the C-band lengths of the homologs of chromosome 1. The
      measurements were performed with the semiautomatic image analysis system Leitz
      A.S.M. A more than 25% difference in size of the C-bands was more frequent in
      metaphases of the cancer group (43.8%) than in those of the control group
      (19.5%). In the cancer group smaller C-bands were found. Especially in the A2
      chromosomes the C-bands were smaller than in the same chromosomes of the control
      group.

PMID- 4064035
TI  - The use of a tumor antigen TA-4 for the management of squamous cell carcinoma.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay for a tumor antigen TA-4 of squamous cell carcinoma has been
      used for the management of cervical cancer. The present study shows the clinical
      value of the TA-4 assay for squamous cell carcinoma of various origins.
      Pretreatment serum TA-4 levels were detectable in 44.4% of cervical cancer, 47.1%
      of vaginal and vulvar cancer, 33.3% of lung cancer, 42.9% of esophageal cancer,
      and 10% of cancer of other origins. In 313 control cases, including other
      histologic types of malignancies or benign diseases, one case showed a positive
      TA-4 level. Serial determinations of serum TA-4 levels were performed in patients
      with squamous cell carcinoma, which revealed that changes in TA-4 levels were
      rapid and were helpful for monitoring the disease progress and for detecting the
      recurrent disease. These results indicate that the TA-4 assay would be a useful
      aid for the management of squamous cell carcinoma of various origins.

PMID- 4064036
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against the human epidermoid carcinoma A 431.
AB  - About 2,000 antibody-producing hybrids were obtained by fusion of lymphocytes
      harvested from mice hyperimmunized with the human carcinoma line A 431 and P3-X63
      Ag8-653 myeloma cells. Antibody specificity was screened in a radiobinding assay
      performed on glutaraldehyde-fixed cultured cells, and on paraffin-embedded
      sections stained with the method of avidin-biotin-peroxidase. Among the clones,
      16 produced antibodies reacting with a variety of tumor lines but not with human
      fetal fibroblasts or peripheral blood leukocytes. On the basis of their
      specificity, monoclonal antibodies were classified into three groups. Some
      reacted only with the A431 line used as immunogen: One antibody reacted with an
      antigen preferentially expressed on cancer of the gastrointestinal tract and
      ovary; A group of monoclonal antibodies displayed a broader spectrum of
      reactivity defining a panel of antigens that could be tentatively classified as
      epithelial specific.

PMID- 4064037
TI  - Humoral markers for thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - We investigated the usefulness and limits of serum thyroglobulin, serum
      calcitonin, and serum tissue polypeptide antigen as humoral markers for thyroid
      carcinoma in 364 patients with papillary, follicular, medullary, and
      undifferentiated types of thyroid cancer. In agreement with other studies we
      found that serum thyroglobulin was a specific and sensitive marker for well
      differentiated thyroid cancer after total thyroidectomy. Lymph node, lung, and
      bone metastases were associated with high serum thyroglobulin concentrations,
      both during and after thyroid-suppressive therapy with L-thyroxine. Serum
      thyroglobulin determination was superior to whole body scanning in predicting the
      presence of differentiated metastases, because patients with nonfunctioning
      metastases and negative whole body scan also had high levels of serum
      thyroglobulin. Serum calcitonin levels were increased in all patients with active
      medullary thyroid cancer, confirming the specificity of this marker in detecting
      tumors arising from parafollicular C-cells. Furthermore, in medullary thyroid
      cancer serum tissue polypeptide antigen levels were also increased in most
      patients. This last substance was found to be increased also in undifferentiated
      thyroid cancer. Of particular interest was the finding of increased serum tissue
      polypeptide antigen levels in 15 cases of differentiated thyroid cancer, whose
      metastases underwent a progressive process of "dedifferentiation."

PMID- 4064038
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) plasma level determination in the management of
      gastric cancer patients.
AB  - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels of 161 patients with gastric cancer and of
      12 patients with noncarcinomatous diseases of the stomach were retrospectively
      analyzed. In this study, we examined the correlation between CEA level and
      histologic type, T and N stage, and the value of the preoperative CEA
      determination for diagnosis, operability and prognosis for patients with gastric
      cancer. Summarizing our results: There exist significant higher CEA levels in
      patients with gastric cancer in comparison with patients with noncarcinomatous
      disease of the stomach (p less than 0.01), but the absolute CEA titer is not a
      reliable parameter for the prediction of the existence or absence of gastric
      cancer for the individual patient. A positive correlation between the CEA level
      and the histologic type in the subgroup of radically operable patients was found,
      the intestinal type having lower titers (p less than 0.05). The operability of
      two different histologic entities (diffuse or intestinal type) was equally high.
      No conclusion can be drawn from CEA plasma levels concerning the operability of
      the individual gastric cancer patient; on one hand, 30% of the patients with
      normal preoperative CEA titers could not be radically operated, whereas 34% of
      the patients with elevated preoperative CEA titers (greater than 5.0 ng/ml) had
      radical surgery. Furthermore, the absolute value of the preoperative CEA level
      does not predict the course of the disease, whereas continuously rising
      postoperative CEA levels are indicative of tumor progression.

PMID- 4064039
TI  - Urinary polyamines as a tumor marker.
AB  - We recently established a new simple enzymatic assay method for measuring total
      urinary polyamines. To evaluate the clinical usefulness of measuring total
      urinary polyamines as a tumor marker, we have applied this method to the assay of
      polyamines in the urine of cancer patients. Elevation above 3 SD of the normal
      mean was found in 116 of the 181 patients with cancer (stomach 49/72 [68.1%],
      colon 22/32 [68.8%], lung 16/24 [66.7%], blood 15/27 [55.6%], liver 3/14 [21.4%],
      gallbladder 4/4 [100%], and esophagus 7/8 [87.5%]). Total urinary polyamine
      levels were determined before and after surgery in 36 patients with
      gastrointestinal cancer (stomach 22 and colon 14). Urinary polyamine levels fell
      to within the normal range after successful surgery in 23 of 30 patients who had
      showed elevated levels of urinary polyamines before surgery. Our data indicate
      that the determination of total urinary polyamines by our new assay may be useful
      as a tumor marker.

PMID- 4064041
TI  - Tissue polypeptide antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen in colon tumors: serum
      levels and immunohistochemical localization.
AB  - Patients with malignant and benign colon disease (59 colon cancer and 96 polyps)
      were studied by means of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and carcinoembryonic
      antigen (CEA) tests. The evaluation of the circulating levels of the markers
      showed that the overall sensitivity for the TPA test was 57.6% and for the CEA
      test was 55.9%. Their specificities were 89.5% and 94.7%, respectively. The
      analysis of results indicated no considerable difference between CEA and TPA in
      detecting individuals with malignant diseases. There was only a slight difference
      in Dukes stages: in stages A and B, TPA sensitivity was higher than CEA
      sensitivity. On the contrary, in the group of patients with polyps, more false
      positive results were obtained with the TPA test than with the CEA test.
      Immunohistochemical studies on the small group of patients (12 colon cancers)
      allowed us to evaluate the relationship between the staining positivity for the
      anti-TPA and anti-CEA antibodies and the circulating levels of the markers. The
      staining in some cases was not correlated either with the stage of cancer or the
      circulating TPA or CEA levels. This fact further shows the need to investigate
      the mechanism that determines the blood levels of many tumor markers. All the
      specimens examined were positive for TPA and CEA staining, but they were composed
      of varying proportion of positive and negative tumor cells. The degree of
      positivity was frequently variable not only between the specimens but also within
      the same specimen.

PMID- 4064040
TI  - Distribution of two tumor-associated antigens in gastric lesions as detected by
      two monoclonal antibodies on tissue sections.
AB  - Two monoclonal antibodies antitumor-associated antigens, B1.1 and B72.3, have
      been used with the immunoperoxidase technique on tissue sections to study gastric
      carcinomas, dysplasia, intestinal metaplasia, and adenomas. B1.1 reacts with
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA); B72.3 reacts with a 220-400 kd glycoprotein
      present in colon, breast, and other carcinomas. CEA was found in 89% (34 of 38)
      and B72.3 antigen in 92% (35 of 38) of carcinomas. In half of these more than 50%
      of tumor cells were positive. The normal epithelium was usually negative or
      sporadically positive in a few cells. In dysplastic areas and adenomas the number
      of cells that were positive for the two antigens was greater than in normal
      epithelium and smaller than in carcinomas. In intestinal metaplasia B72.3 antigen
      was almost always present, whereas CEA was sometimes undetectable. Both the
      antigens proved to be good markers of neoplastic versus normal cells. The
      presence of B72.3 antigen in addition to CEA in dysplasia, adenomas, and
      intestinal metaplasia adds further evidence of their close relationship with
      gastric cancer.

PMID- 4064042
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen, ferritin, anionic glycoproteins, and their sialic acid
      content in advanced colorectal cancer.
AB  - The efficiency of the combination of four tumor markers in recognizing advanced
      (recurrent or metastatic) colorectal cancer was evaluated. In 31 normal
      volunteers and in 31 patients with histologically documented colorectal tumor, we
      measured serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), ferritin, anionic
      glycoproteins, and their sialic acid content (SA). CEA, ferritin, anionic
      glycoproteins and SA mean levels were significantly higher in patients than in
      normal subjects. Among the four markers CEA was the most sensitive (87.1%) and SA
      the most specific (100%). By using CEA and SA in combination in 29 out of 31
      patients, either marker was abnormally high. Ferritin and anionic glycoproteins
      did not render additional information. CEA serum levels were elevated in 14 out
      of 15 patients with liver metastasis, while SA was elevated in six out of 15. CEA
      maintains its central cole as tumor marker in colorectal cancer; the combined use
      of CEA and SA may add to precision in detecting patients with advanced colorectal
      cancer. Anionic glycoproteins and ferritin seem of limited usefulness.

PMID- 4064043
TI  - A study of the histochemical changes in mucus from patients with benign and
      malignant pathological conditions of the colon and rectum.
AB  - This study has shown the presence of an abnormal mucus pattern in premalignant
      and malignant conditions of the colon and rectum. This abnormal mucus pattern
      extended as a field change around colorectal tumors into the adjacent apparently
      normal mucosa. Presence of this premalignant field in patients undergoing
      apparently curative surgery was associated with an increased risk of local tumor
      recurrence or metachronous primary tumors.

PMID- 4064044
TI  - Differentiation inducing effects of butyrate and DMSO on human intestinal tumor
      cell lines in culture.
AB  - In the present report, we have studied the effects of butyrate and dimethyl
      sulfoxide (DMSO) on the characteristics of four human intestinal tumor cell lines
      in vitro; namely a duodenal adenocarcinoma HTB-40 and three adenocarcinomas of
      colon: HT-29, CCL-218, and CCL-222. In the presence of concentrations of 2 mM
      butyrate and 2% DMSO the growth of all these four cell lines was significantly
      inhibited. Both these agents lengthened the doubling time of these cell lines by
      about twofold. In addition, the morphology of the treated cells was altered. All
      four cell lines grow in semisolid agar and form characteristic colonies. Butyrate
      and DMSO inhibited the colony forming efficiency of these cell lines by 40-60%.
      Using flow cytometric analysis, the cells that were grown in the presence of
      butyrate and DMSO were analyzed for their lectin-binding properties. For this
      purpose the lectins used were concanavalin-A (Con-A), peanut agglutinin (PNA),
      wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and succinylated wheat germ agglutinin (SWGA). All
      four cell lines showed an increase in lectin-binding cells. CCL-218, which showed
      no PNA binding when grown without these agents, acquired about 25% reactivity
      when grown in the presence of butyrate or DMSO. All these cell lines showed an
      increase in the percentage of positive cells for the lectin SWGA that unlike WGA
      does not bind to sialic acid on the cell surface, suggesting an increase in
      nonsialated residues on all the treated cells. These results indicate a
      differentiation inducing effect of butyrate and DMSO on these cell
      lines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4064045
TI  - The cytologic application of carcinoembryonic antigen for the discrimination of
      malignant from benign serous effusions.
AB  - In an attempt to diminish false cytologic diagnosis in discriminating between
      benign and malignant effusions, the value of intracellular carcinoembryonic
      antigen (CEA) was estimated in cytologic smears of effusions using a modified
      immunoperoxidase technique. CEA serum level was estimated by radioimmunoassay
      technique. In this study we included a group of 42 patients, 23 with a malignant
      and 19 with a benign effusion. CEA in cells of effusions was positive and useful
      for confirming malignancy in 65% of malignant effusions. The percentage increased
      to 83% with the combination of the results of positive CEA in cells and serum.
      Cytology was positive for malignancy in 16 of the 23 (70%) malignant cases. CEA
      in cells of benign effusions was negative in 84% and cytology in 100%. It is
      concluded that intracellular CEA estimation, when combined with CEA estimation in
      serum, improves the discriminating range of cytology for differentiating
      malignant and benign effusions.

PMID- 4064046
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a possible new protein marker for differential
      diagnosis between metastatic carcinoma and mesothelioma cells in serous
      effusions: preliminary findings.
AB  - A distinctive diagnostic staining pattern of the cytoplasm of reactive and
      neoplastic mesothelial cells in serous effusions was assumed to be caused by a
      specific compound. This was isolated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      corresponded to a protein with an apparent molecular weight around 200,000.
      Isoelectric point was found to be 8.7. This protein contained high proportions of
      glutamic acid, serine, and glycine.

PMID- 4064047
TI  - Urinary excretion of modified nucleosides in patients with acquired immune
      deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and individuals at high risk of AIDS.
AB  - Patients with certain malignant diseases excrete in their urine elevated levels
      of modified nucleosides originating from breakdown of transfer RNA (tRNA). A high
      incidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), often associated with
      rapidly progressing Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), is currently being observed in many
      countries. Male homosexuals are considered to be at highest risk of developing
      these disorders. We have examined 10 patients with AIDS and 77 male homosexuals
      without clinical manifestations of AIDS at the time of examination. Elevated
      levels of modified nucleosides were found in all patients with AIDS. Of further
      interest was the finding of a high prevalence of abnormal nucleoside levels in
      the high-risk group, with a trend toward higher levels in those high-risk
      individuals who had lymphadenomegaly, considered a prodrome of AIDS. These
      findings indicate that determination of urinary nucleoside levels may help
      identify individuals at high risk of developing AIDS thereby increasing the
      possibility for prevention and early therapy.

PMID- 4064048
TI  - Pseudouridine: a prognostic marker in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
AB  - An increased excretion of pseudouridine, a modified nucleoside derived from
      degraded transfer ribonucleic acid, has been observed in patients with malignant
      lymphomas. This paper presents the analysis of pseudouridine in the urine from 39
      patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas before treatment. Using the Kiel
      classification, 57% of the patients with highly malignant lymphomas had elevated
      excretion of pseudouridine, compared to 28% of patients with low-grade
      malignancy, and 4% in healthy adults. Subdividing the patients according to
      clinical stages, an increase of pseudouridine levels paralleled the disease
      manifestation. Of patients in clinical stages 3 and 4 with highly malignant
      lymphomas, 85% had elevated excretion. This observation, in combination with
      shorter survival seen in a group of 22 patients followed 37-61 months, suggests
      that elevated excretion of pseudouridine is a negative prognostic factor in non
      Hodgkin's lymphomas. The level of pseudouridine in the urine gives useful
      information in staging and for prognosis.

PMID- 4064049
TI  - Aneuploidy as a marker of minimal residual disease in leukemia.
AB  - Aneuploidy as an indication of abnormal cellular DNA content has recently been
      confirmed to be a reliable marker of malignant cells in human solid tumors and
      hematologic malignancies. Flow cytometry (FCM), measuring cellular DNA content in
      thousands of cells within seconds, is able to safely detect the "rare event
      cell," the rare aneuploid cell in a diploid cell population. This very fast and
      sensitive technique was combined with a newly developed cell separation
      technique. Cell separation prior to FCM enabled us to detect malignant cells at
      concentrations of 0.05% in blood, bone marrow, and lymph node cell suspensions of
      patients with leukemia. An illustration of this method is presented in
      conjunction with first clinical applications demonstrating that patients with
      minimal residual disease in clinically complete remission had significantly
      shorter survival times than patients in whom no minimal residual disease was
      detected with this new method.

PMID- 4064050
TI  - Optimizing tumor markers in breast cancer: monitoring, prognosis, and therapy
      control.
AB  - The clinical validity of tumor markers in breast cancer is reevaluated. Though
      ideal tumor markers are presently not available for breast cancer patients,
      optimizing markers can be achieved, applying markers in special situations and in
      selected fields of oncology. Tumor markers like carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
      and tissue polypeptide antigen are only of limited value in the primary diagnosis
      of breast cancer due to their low sensitivity and their poor specificity. Single
      postsurgical CEA values in selected groups of mammary carcinomas, however, can be
      used to predict patients with high risk of recurrence and they imply considerable
      prognostic information. Serial CEA determination in the follow-up of patients
      with operated breast cancer are highly sensitive in early detection of
      recurrences and are also useful in controlling therapy in individual cases. The
      biological basis of tumor marker measurements reflecting tumor growth is pointed
      out and newly developed methodologies for the potential establishment of more
      specific tumor markers for serodiagnosis and for immunolocalization of tumors are
      discussed.

PMID- 4064051
TI  - Diagnostic and prognostic value of TPA in breast cancer.
AB  - Serum tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) was measured by RIA in 151 female patients
      who had had mastectomies for breast cancer, in 30 patients with benign breast
      disease, and in 30 normal controls. The marker was elevated in 52 neoplastic
      patients (25 with metastases) and in six cases of benign breast disease. At the
      time of our observation 15 cancer patients were at stage I, 53 at stage II, 48 at
      stage III, and 35 at stage IV, the prevalence of high TPA values significantly
      correlated with staging gradually increasing from 0 to 71.4% from stage I to IV.
      In patients with breast cancer TPA was significantly higher in the subgroup with
      metastatic disease compared to patients with apparently inactive disease.
      Nineteen patients without (group A) and 35 with metastases (group B) were
      monitored with serial measurements of TPA for 8-24 months. Group B was receiving
      either hormone or chemotherapy. In 10 group A patients TPA was either higher or
      rose 1-7 months prior to the clinical detection of metastases. Twenty-two
      patients from Group B had disease progression: In 20 of them TPA rose further.
      The remaining 13 patients had an apparent disease regression, and in 11 instances
      TPA either fell or remained normal. Thus TPA can detect early recurrence of
      breast cancer before clinical and instrumental methods; moreover, it might prove
      important in evaluating tumor response to treatment and in follow-up of patients
      with metastatic disease. Finally, serial measurements of TPA could identify
      previous false-positive results, thus improving the specificity of the test.

PMID- 4064052
TI  - Circulating immune complexes (CIC) as tumor marker in the follow-up of breast
      cancer.
AB  - We report on the possible diagnostic and prognostic role of circulating immune
      complexes (CIC) determination in breast cancer. A sensitivity of 87% and a
      specificity of 90% were observed in a case-control study of 15 cancers and 25
      noncancer healthy controls. A direct correlation of CIC level to the presence and
      probably to the entity of the tumor mass was assessed by comparing preoperative
      to postoperative CIC determinations in cancer cases: CIC levels were
      significantly lower after tumor removal. These preliminary results suggest
      further studies on the use of CIC determination in the follow-up of breast cancer
      for the early diagnosis of recurrent disease.

PMID- 4064053
TI  - Glycolytic enzymes in human breast carcinoma cytosols: the influence of commonly
      used reference parameters.
AB  - The activities of selected glycolytic enzymes in breast tumor tissues were
      examined based on earlier studies showing a relationship between therapy and/or
      prognosis of breast cancer and tissue enzyme. In the present study, five
      glycolytic enzymatic activities (pyruvate kinase [PK], glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase [G6PD], phosphohexose-isomerase [PHI], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH],
      and 6-phospho-glucocate dehydrogenase [6PGD]) were measured in the cytosol
      (105,000 g) of 57 breast carcinomas and 22 benign breast lesions. Nucleic acids
      and DNA were also determined. The results were related to the wet weight of the
      tissue, to total and tissue cytosol proteins, and to DNA. The various means of
      expressing the results were compared. The correlations were satisfactory except
      for PHI and LDH. In these cases, this might have been due to blood contamination.
      The enzyme activities content was lower in the benign breast lesions than in the
      breast carcinomas irrespective of the way the results were expressed.

PMID- 4064054
TI  - Folate binding protein and the estrogen receptor in breast cancer.
AB  - Folate binding protein (FBP) and estrogen receptor (ER) content were determined
      in primary breast cancers of 48 patients. The mean FBP level was significantly
      higher in ER-negative tumors than in ER-positive tumors and largely independent
      of the degree of tumor involvement or menopausal status. FBP correlated
      negatively with ER and this was most marked for tumors from postmenopausal women.
      Since FBP may decrease available intracellular folate the present data support
      clinical findings that chemotherapeutic agents may be more effective for ER
      negative tumors.

PMID- 4064055
TI  - Dynamic studies of positron-emitting putative tumor marker 132Cs in mice show
      differential tumor and regional uptake.
AB  - Positron-emitting 132Cs (t1/2 = 6.47 days) was generated from stable 133CsCl via
      the 133Cs (p,pn) 132Cs reaction. BALB/c mice, bearing implanted MT296 mammary
      tumors, were given 4.6 mEq kg-1 of 132CsCl via a single intraperitoneal
      injection. Postinjection uptake of 132Cs into body regions was monitored in vivo
      with external detectors. Positron emission from the tumor region was continuously
      greater than that from the head, the numerical ratio of mean emission intensities
      being fourfold at 10 min postinjection. Tissues excised from these mice
      postmortem showed sequence of relative tissue cesium uptake rates to be kidney
      1.8, small intestine 1.7, tumor 1.0, skin 0.75, liver 0.75, skeletal muscle 0.4,
      and brain 0.28. Comparative studies with multiple injections of stable cesium and
      rubidium showed this sequence to be ion-specific. These observations suggest that
      positron-emitting isotopes of cesium could provide useful markers for tumors of
      several tissues.

PMID- 4064057
TI  - The impact of colon cancer: a clinician's perspective.

PMID- 4064056
TI  - Further studies on the detection of early lung and breast carcinoma by T antigen.
AB  - We measured the cellular and humoral autoimmune response to carcinoma (CA)
      associated T antigen in patients with the earliest clinical stages of lung
      (T1N0M0) and breast (Tis) CA. We used desialylated MN glycoprotein from healthy
      human erythrocytes in a single measurement of 1) delayed-type skin
      hypersensitivity response (DTHR-T) and 2) humoral anti-T response with a solid
      phase immunoassay (SPIA-T). DTHR-T detected 19/20 lung CA and 10/12 ductal and
      7/10 lobular breast CA patients. Sixteen of 18 stage T1N0M0 lung CA patients had
      a positive SPIA-T as did 7/8 patients with Tis breast CA. Two of 35 patients with
      benign lung and 11/144 with benign breast disease had a positive DTHR-T. None of
      160 persons with either other non-CA diseases or healthy had a positive DTHR-T.
      Three of 68 such control subjects had a positive SPIA-T. The difference between
      CA patients and control populations is statistically highly significant.

PMID- 4064058
TI  - Geographic mappings of colorectal cancer rates: a retrospect of studies, 1974
      1984.
AB  - Geographic mapping of colorectal cancer rates revealed areas with high rates as
      well as areas with low rates. Comparisons between high-rate areas and areas
      deficient in selenium led to animal experiments that showed that selenium could
      reduce chemically induced intestinal tumors. A low-rate area was found to be
      geochemically unique with soil and water rich in potassium. This led to a series
      of studies indicating that elevated intracellular potassium reduces cancer risks,
      while elevated intracellular sodium increases the risks. Variance-reducing
      techniques and methods for statistical evaluation of clusters were obtained as
      spinoff results.

PMID- 4064059
TI  - Studies on the identification of genetic risk for heritable colon cancer.
AB  - The limitations of the assignment of genetic risk status for colon cancer based
      on pedigree data are known. The purpose of this paper is to present two
      approaches being evaluated for the identification of genetic predisposition for
      colon cancer: in vivo studies on colonic mucosa and in vitro studies on dermal
      fibroblasts derived from high- and low-risk individuals.

PMID- 4064060
TI  - Approaches to understanding the relationship between diet and colon cancer.
AB  - Epidemiological research into the etiology of colon cancer has failed to provide
      consistent evidence on the role of diet. This may have arisen, in part, from two
      methodological limitations of the studies: the difficulty of obtaining accurate
      measurements of diet and the lack of variability in diet among the subjects
      studied. In case-control studies, diet measurement might be improved if current
      rather than past diet could be studied and this might be appropriate if studies
      were based on patients with precursor lesions rather than cancer. Precursor
      lesions might also serve as endpoints for randomized trials of dietary
      interventions. In both types of studies, laboratory measurements of specific
      dietary variables should be used to supplement diet questionnaires. Further,
      controls should not be selected from patients with diet-related diseases and
      studies should be conducted in communities with sufficient dietary variability to
      ensure the presence of an appropriate gradient in risk.

PMID- 4064061
TI  - Polyps: an approach to large bowel cancer detection and prevention.
AB  - The evidence that an adenomatous polyp identifies a patient at higher than
      average risk for colonic cancer seems firm. There is also growing evidence that
      polypectomy with followup decreases the expected mortality from colonic cancer in
      patients with adenomatous polyps. Recent studies suggest inheritance of solitary
      adenomas and colonic cancer in some pedigrees. Further studies of adenoma
      etiology are suggested; the information to be gained from such studies should be
      of potential importance to colonic cancer screening efforts.

PMID- 4064062
TI  - The use of carcinoembryonic antigen in the clinical management of patients with
      colorectal cancer.
AB  - It has taken approximately 18 years to define the clinical utility of
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a marker in patients with colorectal cancer.
      Hopefully, the use of CEA as a prototype and the knowledge of the many clinical
      studies designed to define its use in patients with colorectal cancer will help
      avoid the need for 18 years of studies in determining the biologic and clinical
      applicability of the many promising new candidate tumor markers now being
      developed. In this paper we will review our own studies which have helped to
      define the clinical utility of CEA in the care of patients with colorectal
      cancer.

PMID- 4064063
TI  - [Effect of antihypertensive therapy with clonidine and alphamethyldopa on the
      indirect oxygen consumption index of the myocardium at rest and during exertion].

PMID- 4064064
TI  - Systemic hemodynamic effects of diltiazem at rest and during isometric exercise
      in patients with coronary artery disease.

PMID- 4064066
TI  - [Cardiac neurosis, an ill-defined syndrome: proposal for a nosographic
      classification].

PMID- 4064065
TI  - [Effect of ibopamine on the renal functional response to extracellular volume
      expansion in man].

PMID- 4064067
TI  - [Post-infarction aneurysm of the left ventricle: current diagnostic
      possibilities].

PMID- 4064068
TI  - [Distribution of asynergy, evaluated with bidimensional echocardiography, and its
      prognostic significance in infarct patients].

PMID- 4064069
TI  - [Correlation between ventriculo-coronarography and the exercise test in patients
      surviving a prior transmural myocardial infarct and without a Q wave].

PMID- 4064070
TI  - [Accuracy of anamnestic data in the definition of the familial history of
      hypertension].

PMID- 4064071
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects induced by the combined administration of sodium
      nitroprusside and ibopamine in patients with congestive heart decompensation].

PMID- 4064072
TI  - [Dose-effect relationship and duration of the effect of diltiazem in stable
      effort angina. Comparison with propranolol].

PMID- 4064073
TI  - [Effects of fendiline in myocardial ischemia of exertion].

PMID- 4064074
TI  - [Single coronary artery and Noonan's syndrome. Clinical case: angiographic and
      metabolic study].

PMID- 4064075
TI  - Light-evoked depolarizations in the retina of Strombus: role of calcium and other
      divalent cations.
AB  - Previous studies indicate that overlapping inward sodium and outward potassium
      currents play a role in generating the waveform of light-evoked depolarizations
      (LEDs) in one type of retinal neuron in Strombus luhuanus, a marine gastropod
      [Chinn, K. S., and Gillary, H. L. (1985). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 80A:233-245].
      This paper concerns the effects of divalent cations on the LED. The LED can
      exhibit a distinct early phase of depolarization (DE). Increasing the [Ca2+] in
      the artificial seawater (ASW) bathing medium reduced the amplitude of the entire
      LED, and omitting Ca2+ increased it. Adding 10 mM Sr2+ or 10 mM Mn2+ to either
      normal ASW or 0-Ca2+ ASW decreased the LED amplitude. Adding 10 mM Ba2+ to 0-Ca2+
      ASW also decreased the LED amplitude, but adding Ba2+ to normal ASW selectively
      increased DE. Cd2+ (100 microM) selectively reduced DE when added to normal ASW
      but not when added to 0-Ca2+ ASW. The results show that a variety of divalent
      cations can alter the currents that underlie the LED. They also suggest that an
      inward Ca2+ current occurs during DE.

PMID- 4064076
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of actin in dendritic spines of the cerebral
      cortex using colloidal gold as a probe.
AB  - Immunocytochemical localization of actin in rat cerebral cortex embedded in the
      resin LR White was performed using 5 nm colloidal gold as a probe. Antigenicity
      is maintained throughout the embedding procedure and the low electron opacity of
      LR White permits fine filamentous structures to be visualized. Control
      experiments included incubating the sections with normal goat serum or mouse IgG
      instead of the primary antibody, preadsorbing the antibody with actin from bovine
      muscle or liver acetone powder, and heat treating the primary antibody.
      Immunoreactive actin was identified primarily in dendritic spines, particularly
      in the postsynaptic density (PSD), the subsynaptic web, and the spine apparatus
      and endothelial and smooth muscle cells of blood vessels. Within dendritic
      spines, actin which is labeled in the PSD is in continuity with the filaments of
      the subsynaptic web. These filaments, in turn, are in continuity with the spine
      apparatus and/or the spine membranes adjacent to the PSD. The PSD may therefore
      function like other submembranous filamentous arrays which communicate events
      occurring at the membrane, in this case, the postsynaptic membrane, to the
      underlying cytoskeletal network, i.e., the subsynaptic web of the spine. It is
      also suggested that the actin present in the spine may play a role in changes in
      spine shape and synaptic curvature. Some actin was also seen in the presynaptic
      process in association with synaptic vesicles, the filamentous network that is
      contiguous with the synaptic vesicle membrane, and the presynaptic dense
      projections. Actin may be involved in dynamic processes in the presynaptic ending
      which include vesicle translocation.

PMID- 4064077
TI  - Choline fluxes in synaptosomal membrane vesicles.
AB  - Synaptic plasma membrane vesicles isolated from the highly cholinergic nervous
      tissue of insects were used to study the translocation of choline across the
      membrane via a high-affinity carrier-mediated mechanism energized by ion
      gradients as the sole driving force. The uphill movement of choline, energized
      mainly by the Na+ gradient, attained levels of choline severalfold the final
      equilibrium value at the peak of the overshoot. Efflux of choline required the
      presence of internal sodium ions and was promoted by external choline if Na+ was
      present. External choline inhibited choline efflux in the absence of sodium. It
      is concluded that the efflux of choline is in many aspects symmetrical with its
      uptake.

PMID- 4064079
TI  - [Psychosocial diagnosis in modern medicine].

PMID- 4064078
TI  - Interaction of heparin with multimolecular aggregates of acetylcholinesterase.
AB  - It has been reported previously that heparin, a sulfated glycosaminoglycan,
      releases the asymmetric 16 S form of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from cholinergic
      synapses. Here it is shown that heparin releases the synaptic AChE not as
      individual 16 S species but as multimolecular aggregates (30 S) of such
      molecules. Heparin is able to convert low-ionic strength AChE aggregates into a
      heparin type of AChE aggregates. Our results suggest that the AChE aggregates
      detached by heparin are likely to be the physiologically important state of
      aggregation of the 16 S AChE form in the synaptic basal lamina.

PMID- 4064080
TI  - [Developmental aspects in regeneration of the central nervous system].

PMID- 4064081
TI  - [Controlling reversible bronchial obstruction using rapidly dissolving
      aminophylline (Syntophyllin) and slow-release aminophylline (Aminomal R)].

PMID- 4064082
TI  - [N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and its clinical use].

PMID- 4064083
TI  - [Modern trends in morbidity and mortality and the present state of surgical and
      comprehensive treatment of carcinoma of the female breast].

PMID- 4064084
TI  - [The incidence of diabetes in the population during their productive years].

PMID- 4064085
TI  - [Solution to the problem of rotation in factor analysis of dynamic radionuclide
      studies].

PMID- 4064086
TI  - [The plan for 1986-1990 of the Czechoslovak Ministries of Health and Education
      for the development of science and technology].

PMID- 4064087
TI  - [The most important results of the plan for research of the Czech Ministry of
      Health and Ministry of Education in 1984].

PMID- 4064088
TI  - [Effective pharmacotherapy of candidiasis in hemoblastoses].

PMID- 4064089
TI  - [Post-transfusion hepatitis. II. A sudden decrease in post-transfusion hepatitis
      associated with the elimination of donors with hyperbilirubinemia].

PMID- 4064090
TI  - [Activated partial thromboplastin test. 2 working studies from 27 laboratories].

PMID- 4064091
TI  - [Quantitative determination of total proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid and its
      dependence on the amount of albumin and IgG. Comparison of turbidimetric and
      colorimetric methods].

PMID- 4064092
TI  - [Radioimmunoanalysis determination of delta antibodies].

PMID- 4064093
TI  - [The autoimmune laboratory syndrome].

PMID- 4064094
TI  - [Immunoglobulins and C3 and C4 complement components in chronic hepatitis B].

PMID- 4064095
TI  - [NK activity in the peripheral blood of patients with progressive polyarthritis.
      I. Correlation with clinical indicators].

PMID- 4064096
TI  - [NK activity in the peripheral blood of patients with progressive polyarthritis.
      II. Correlation with indicators of cell-mediated immunity].

PMID- 4064097
TI  - [Serum concentration of IgA1 and IgA2 subclasses in ankylosing spondylarthritis].

PMID- 4064098
TI  - [Cardiomyopathy. New findings].

PMID- 4064099
TI  - [Right ventricle function in congestive cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 4064100
TI  - [Determination of the minute volume and output of the left ventricle using
      electroimpedance technics].

PMID- 4064101
TI  - [Criticism of the hippocampal hypothesis of dementia in Alzheimer's disease].

PMID- 4064102
TI  - Migration of fibroblastoid stromal cells in murine blood.
AB  - This paper describes the kinetics of fibroblastic colony forming units (CFU-f) in
      murine blood after phenylhydrazine-induced haemolytic anaemia and their
      subsequent migration into haemopoietic organs. Murine blood contained 5.3 +/- 0.8
      CFU-f per 10(6) nucleated cells. Absence of particle ingestion and factor VIII
      related antigen in addition to the enzyme pattern in CFU-f-derived cells
      confirmed that these cells did not have a macrophage-like or endothelial nature.
      Phenylhydrazine treatment of mice resulted in a 3-fold increase in blood CFU-f
      numbers which was accompanied by increases in blood cellularity and granulocyte
      macrophage progenitor numbers. When both partners of CBA/N and CBA/T6T6 mice in
      parabiosis had been treated with phenylhydrazine, spleens and femoral bone marrow
      of both mice were shown to contain partner-derived CFU-f. These data suggest that
      circulating CFU-f represent a stromal cell population which can migrate into
      haemopoietic organs.

PMID- 4064104
TI  - Rate of non-adherent cell loss from long-term cultures of murine bone marrow:
      effect of medium conditioned by the adherent cell population.
AB  - The rate of random spontaneous cell loss from the non-adherent cell population of
      long-term cultures of murine bone marrow was determined. The measured rate of non
      adherent cell loss is affected by previous conditioning of the medium in which
      the non-adherent cells are suspended. Specifically, the measured rate of non
      adherent cell loss is significantly slowed when the non-adherent cells are
      suspended in medium conditioned in long-term haematopoietic cultures instead of
      fresh medium. It appears that a subset of the adherent cell population is the
      source of the factor or factors within the medium which result in this slower
      measured rate of non-adherent cell loss. This effect may be due to the
      stimulation to division of haematopoietic progenitor cells, offsetting the lysis
      of other non-adherent cells.

PMID- 4064103
TI  - Two-dimensional diffusion limited system for cell growth.
AB  - A new cell system, designed to supplement multicellular spheroids as tumour
      analogues, was analysed theoretically and experimentally. This 'sandwich' system
      is a single layer of cells, subject to self-created gradients of nutrients and
      metabolic products. Due to these gradients the sandwich system develops a border
      of viable cells and an inner region of necrotic cells corresponding to the viable
      rim and the necrotic center of a spheroid. However, sandwiches differ from
      spheroids in several ways. All the cells in the sandwich can be microscopically
      viewed during the entire experiment. In sandwiches there is no three-dimensional
      cell to cell contact. Also, the gradients are less steep in our sandwich system,
      so the width of the viable region in a sandwich is about 10 times as large as the
      width of the viable rim in a spheroid. Indeed, in sandwiches the experimenter has
      some control over the steepness of the gradients and thus can vary the width of
      this viable border. We used DNA labelling studies and flow cytometry along with
      visual observation to analyse the system. Our experiments show that the observed
      cell necrosis, similar to that found in spheroids, is due to diffusion
      limitations. The results are consistent with the idea that oxygen deprivation
      stops cell cycling and, when extreme and prolonged, leads to necrosis. The
      possibility that substances other than oxygen are involved is not excluded by the
      data. The data also suggests that in the final, near-equilibrium state the
      average overall oxygen consumption rate for the viable sandwich population may be
      about one-quarter of that for an exponentially growing population of the same
      cell line.

PMID- 4064105
TI  - Effects of the free radical generator paraquat on differentiation, superoxide
      dismutase, glutathione and inorganic peroxides in microplasmodia of Physarum
      polycephalum.
AB  - The herbicide paraquat was used to investigate the effects of oxidative stress on
      the spherulation of Physarum polycephalum microplasmodia. The responses of a
      white non-differentiating strain of Physarum were compared with those of a common
      yellow strain that readily spherulates in salts-only starvation medium. The
      addition of paraquat to the salts medium increased the specific activity of
      superoxide dismutase in both strains; it also induced an increase in the
      intracellular inorganic peroxide concentration in both strains. Glutathione
      concentration was higher in the paraquat-treated yellow strain than in the
      controls. Paraquat had no effect on glutathione concentration in white
      microplasmodia. Paraquat accelerated spherulation in yellow microplasmodia. The
      white microplasmodia responded to the herbicide by cleaving into structures
      similar to immature spherules; however, these structures were not viable. The
      results of this study support the hypothesis that free radicals are involved in
      cell state transitions.

PMID- 4064106
TI  - Some short-term cell kinetic effects of ionizing radiation on mouse bladder
      urothelium.
AB  - Early morphological changes and the pattern of reactive proliferation of the
      hairless mouse urinary bladder urothelium after irradiation are reported. Groups
      of female hairless mice were anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and
      irradiated over the bladder region with 0, 10, 20 and 30 Gy. Control groups were
      sham-treated. Short-term cell kinetic changes were monitored using incorporation
      of tritiated thymidine and flow cytometry. Only minor radiation-induced
      alterations in the cell kinetic pattern were recorded, and no significant
      histomorphological changes were seen. However, a marked increase in the thymidine
      incorporation was seen in the control animals on the first day after anaesthesia.
      Radiation proctitis induced early deaths in the 30 Gy irradiated animals. The
      present results are in accordance with commonly accepted radiobiological
      theories, but not in agreement with results previously published by others.

PMID- 4064107
TI  - Cell cycle kinetics of aerated, hypoxic and re-aerated cells in vitro using flow
      cytometric determination of cellular DNA and incorporated bromodeoxyuridine.
AB  - The effects of extreme hypoxia on cell cycle progression were studied by
      simultaneous determination of DNA and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) contents of
      individual cells. V79-379A cells were pulse-labelled with BrdU (1 microM, 20 min,
      37 degrees C) and then incubated for up to 12 hr in BrdU-free medium under either
      aerated or extremely hypoxic conditions. After the incubation interval (0-12 hr),
      the cells were trypsinized and fixed in 50% EtOH. Propidium iodide and a
      fluorescein-labelled monoclonal antibody to BrdU were then used to quantify DNA
      content and incorporated BrdU, respectively. Measurements in individual cells
      were made by simultaneous detection of green and red fluorescence upon excitation
      at 488 nm using flow cytometry. Bivariate analysis revealed progression of BrdU
      labelled cells in aerated cultures out of S phase, into G2 and cell division,
      with halving of mean fluorescence, and back into S phase by approximately 9 hr
      after the BrdU pulse. Hypoxia immediately arrested cells in all phases of the
      cell cycle. Both the DNA distribution and the bivariate profile of cells that
      were fixed from 2 to 12 hr after induction of hypoxia were identical to the 0 hr
      controls. The percent of cells with green fluorescence in a mid-S phase window
      remained 100% and the mean fluorescence of these cells remained at control (0 hr)
      levels. This indicates that, under hypoxic conditions, cells were moving neither
      into nor out of S phase. Cultures that had been hypoxic for 12 hr exhibited an
      increasing rate of BrdU uptake with time after re-aeration. Re-aerated cells were
      able to complete or initiate DNA synthesis, but their rates of progression
      through the cell cycle were markedly reduced. A large fraction of cells appeared
      unable to divide up to 12 hr following release from hypoxia.

PMID- 4064108
TI  - Dilated cardiomyopathy: functional status, hemodynamics, arrhythmias, and
      prognosis.
AB  - The natural history of dilated cardiomyopathy is variable, and the prognosis
      difficult to predict. Several clinical and hemodynamic parameters have been
      proposed as prognostic indicators. Reports on the relationship between
      ventricular arrhythmias, degree of hemodynamic impairment, and sudden death are
      controversial. To define accurately the prognosis in dilated cardiomyopathy, 55
      patients with this clinical syndrome underwent clinical evaluation, radionuclide
      ventriculography, echocardiography, 12-lead electrocardiography, and 24 hr
      ambulatory monitoring, and the data thus obtained were evaluated based on
      predictive value. Over a follow-up period of 14.1 +/- 7.9 months, 11 patients
      (20%) died, all suddenly. Univariate analysis revealed that patients with more
      severe functional impairment (P = 0.0449), lower cardiac index (P = 0.0226),
      lower ejection fraction (P = 0.0426), and higher pulmonary artery wedge pressure
      (P = 0.0314) had greater mortality risk. Age, duration of symptoms, 12-lead
      electrocardiographic abnormalities, and atrial arrhythmias were not predictive of
      higher mortality. The number of PVCs per hr, the occurrence of couplets, the
      degree of PVCs prematurity, and the presence, frequency, rate, and duration of
      ventricular tachycardia did not have prognostic significance. A stepwise
      discriminant analysis identified functional class, cardiac index, and presence or
      absence of multiform PVCs as the group of variables that together could more
      accurately predict outcome in our dilated cardiomyopathy patients. Using a
      formula derived from the results of this analysis, the outcomes of 36 of 49
      patients (74%) was correctly predicted, with a specificity of 100% and a
      sensitivity of 70%.

PMID- 4064109
TI  - Can total coronary occlusions be predicted from a previous coronary arteriogram?
AB  - We studied the site, severity, and coronary angiographic morphology of coronary
      lesions and their ability to predict progression of coronary narrowing and
      obstruction of coronary arteries. Twenty-six patients who had 94 lesions at the
      time of first angiography were followed for a mean of 29 +/- 17 (SD) months.
      Progression of disease or obstruction of a vessel occurred in 11 lesions (12%):
      eight new total obstructions (8.5%) and three subtotal (3%). Narrowings of
      greater than 75% of the luminal diameter were more likely to become totally
      obstructed than less severe narrowings (P = 0.01), but three total occlusions
      occurred at sites where mild disease had been present previously. Lesions in
      patients with double or triple vessel disease showed a marginally greater
      tendency to become totally occluded than in patients with single vessel disease
      (P less than 0.1). We found no relationship between new total obstructions and
      the angiographic morphology of the lesion (smooth or irregular) nor with its
      length or position in the artery or the extent of atheroma in the vessel.

PMID- 4064111
TI  - Ventricularization of right atrial wave form in amyloid restrictive
      cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Two patients with biopsy-proven amyloid restrictive cardiomyopathy were
      presented. Both cases showed ventricularization of an elevated right atrial
      pressure wave form in absence of tricuspid regurgitation. Possible explanations
      for this finding as well as its clinical implications are discussed. This
      observation indicates that ventricularization of right atrial pressure wave form
      could be a useful hemodynamic sign in amyloid restrictive cardiomyopathy in
      absence of tricuspid regurgitation. Furthermore, such a finding does not seem to
      be specific for tricuspid regurgitation.

PMID- 4064110
TI  - Percutaneous left heart catheterization and coronary arteriography with and
      without an arterial sheath in patients without peripheral vascular disease.
AB  - The advantages and disadvantages of an arterial sheath to introduce catheters
      percutaneously through the femoral artery were prospectively studied in 184
      consecutive patients without peripheral vascular disease undergoing routine
      diagnostic left heart catheterization and coronary arteriography. The arterial
      sheath was used randomly in 91 patients (sheath group) and the standard Seldinger
      technique in 93 (control group). There were no differences in age or sex between
      the two groups. All patients were studied with no premedication and had the same
      dose of lidocaine local anesthesia and heparin. No major complication occurred in
      any of the patients in the sheath or control groups. There were no significant
      differences in groin hematomas between the two groups. The patients in the
      control group more commonly had severe or moderately severe discomfort requiring
      additional local anesthesia. We conclude that the use of an arterial sheath
      percutaneously for introduction of catheters for left heart catheterization and
      coronary arteriography is advisable, particularly for anxious patients who have a
      low pain threshold.

PMID- 4064112
TI  - Intra-arterial monitoring during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
AB  - Because arterial cannulation assists in management of critically ill patients
      (pts), we assessed the utility of extending intra-arterial monitoring to
      hospitalized patients suffering in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest outside of
      intensive care wards. A totally self-contained, readily portable system for rapid
      insertion of emergency intra-arterial lines was evaluated in 16 pts from 53 to 89
      years old (mean = 66.5 years) undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
      Cannulation was successful in 14 pts (88% success rate). In 8 of 14 pts,
      cannulation was achieved rapidly and efficiently, whereas in six it was slightly
      delayed, once due to technical problems and five times due to difficulty
      cannulating the vessel. In addition to providing continuous pressure monitoring
      and ready access to arterial blood samples, direct feedback from the intra
      arterial pressure waveform frequently led to improved compression technique by
      the resuscitator performing external cardiac massage. We conclude that under
      selected circumstances emergency intra-arterial monitoring has a potentially
      important adjuvant role during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

PMID- 4064113
TI  - Heart rate influence on the systolic gradient across the stenotic aortic valve:
      theoretical evaluation and implications.
AB  - Peak systolic gradient across the aortic value, measured invasively or
      noninvasively is used in many laboratories for estimation of the severity of the
      stenosis (= actual valve area). This study shows that when cardiac output is
      normal the gradient across the valve is influenced by heart rate (HR) apart from
      valve area. A rate-corrected peak systolic gradient (PSGc) is defined by the
      formula (formula; see text) and its importance for clinical decision making is
      demonstrated. The significance of bradycardia in the pathogenesis of syncope in
      aortic stenosis is discussed.

PMID- 4064115
TI  - Spontaneous regression of coronary artery obstructions.

PMID- 4064114
TI  - Percutaneous brachial approach using the femoral artery sheath for left heart
      catheterization and selective coronary angiography.
AB  - A percutaneous method via the brachial artery for left heart catheterization and
      selective coronary angiography is described. The technique uses the sheath
      intended for the femoral artery, continuously infused and introduced following a
      particular technique. The procedure was performed with minimal complications over
      18 months, with multipurpose "Schoonmaker" or preshaped catheters, in all the
      patients (37) in whom the femoral approach was contraindicated or failed. When a
      catheterization must be performed from the arm, this method, without cutdown and
      arteriotomy and allowing a good distal flow during the procedure, appears to have
      some advantages over the classical Sones technique or the percutaneous arterial
      axillary approach.

PMID- 4064116
TI  - Presence of orthogonal arrays of particles in the ciliary body epithelium of the
      rat.

PMID- 4064117
TI  - Territorial localization of heat shock mRNA production in sea urchin gastrulae.
AB  - In situ hybridization experiments with a labeled DNA probe indicate that the
      ability to respond to heat shock with the production of the mRNA for the 70 kd
      heat shock protein is segregated into the ectodermal cells already at the
      gastrula stage or earlier during the embryonic development of Paracentrotus
      lividus.

PMID- 4064118
TI  - Automated counting of human tumour colonies in the Courtenay-Mills assay system.
AB  - A procedure for using the Omnicon automated image analysis system for counting
      colonies grown from a human tumour cell line (COLO 205) in the Courtenay-Mills
      assay is described. This involves the transfer of the agar medium from culture
      tubes into petri dishes. Comparisons of observer and instrument counts were done
      on a blinded basis. Run-to-run correlation coefficient was 0.996 for automated
      counting and the inter-observer correlation coefficient was 0.984. Both
      assessments showed a linear relationship between the number of cells plated and
      the number of colonies grown. Automated colony counting is fast, reliable and
      provides additional information on colony size distribution, not obtainable with
      manual counting. This automated procedure will greatly facilitate in vitro drug
      sensitivity evaluation.

PMID- 4064119
TI  - Substratum topography and cell traction on sulphuric acid treated bacteriological
      grade plastic.
AB  - Treatment of bacteriological-grade plastic with concentrated sulphuric acid is a
      well known technique which increases the wettability of the surface and renders
      it suitable for eukaryotic cell adhesion. We have noticed that these substrata
      present a distinctive surface topography in the presence of a serum supplement
      under normal culture conditions. The adsorbed serum layer is comprised of fine
      furrows and ridges and the influence of adherent cells on this layer leads to
      minute tears and distortions in the direction of the corrugations. This provides
      a novel system for the investigation of cell spreading and locomotion by scanning
      electron microscopy.

PMID- 4064120
TI  - Chemiluminescence assay of phagocyte activity in mice bearing neuroblastoma:
      effect of in vitro culture of the tumor.
AB  - Phagocyte activity in mice bearing neuroblastoma (NB) has been assayed using a
      chemiluminescence (CL) technique and proves to be dependent on the pretreatment
      of the NB cells used to induce the tumor. Indeed, original NB C 1300 tumor, which
      is maintained by serial in vivo passages induces highly triggered peritoneal
      phagocytes, producing large amounts of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI). On
      the contrary, C 1300 cells cultured in vitro for a few passages and established
      lines as well as clones derived from the original tumor fail to induce this
      triggering. However, this decreased phagocyte stimulation can be regained at full
      extent after a few in vivo passages of the tumor cells.

PMID- 4064121
TI  - Serum mediated changes in cell attachment and cytoplasmic organization of B16
      melanoma correlates with selective alterations in secreted proteins.
AB  - B16 melanoma cells exhibited decreased adhesion to substration and the presence
      of cytoplasmic granules, resembling lipid inclusions, when cultured in vitro in
      the presence of syngenic serum from C57/BL6 mice. This constrasted with the rapid
      cell attachment and absence of cytoplasmic granules in cultures seeded in medium
      supplemented with an identical concentration of fetal bovine serum.
      Electrophoretic comparison of intracellular proteins revealed similar patterns in
      detergent-soluble and matrix-associated proteins from cells grown with bovine or
      mouse serum. However, a similar analysis of the conditioned media showed clear
      differences in methionine-rich species which migrated in the 100 kd region in
      cells grown with bovine serum, and as 110 kd component in cells grown with mouse
      serum. Our data indicate that the poor attachment to substratum and changes in
      cytoplasmic organization of B16 melanoma cells, is primarily associated with
      specific changes in secreted proteins.

PMID- 4064122
TI  - [The preparation and control of drugs in pharmacies throughout the world].

PMID- 4064123
TI  - [Determination of blood levels of drugs using quantitative mass spectrometry with
      deuterated internal standards. II. Method of determining benfluron].

PMID- 4064124
TI  - [Derivatives of benzo(c)fluorene. XVII. Pharmacokinetics of benfluron in
      animals].

PMID- 4064125
TI  - [Determination of the structure of penberol metabolites. I. Use of synthetic
      standards, chromatographic and radiometric methods].

PMID- 4064126
TI  - [Present knowledge of intracranial pressure in experiments and in clinical
      practice with regard to the development of intracranial hypertension].

PMID- 4064127
TI  - [Abstracts of reports presented at the 34th Pharmacology Seminar in Tabor. 3-6
      June 1984].

PMID- 4064128
TI  - [Experience of the ORL Clinic in Hradec Kralove in the treatment of laryngeal
      cancer 1958-1977].

PMID- 4064129
TI  - [Determination of salivary IgA in laryngeal carcinoma].

PMID- 4064130
TI  - [Expansive processes in the paranasal sinuses secondarily affecting the orbit].

PMID- 4064131
TI  - [Morphometric studies of adenoid vegetations].

PMID- 4064132
TI  - [Tracheotomy in the comprehensive treatment of acute stenosing
      laryngotracheobronchitis in children].

PMID- 4064133
TI  - [Relation between the dynamic basis of the personality and the function of the
      vocal organ].

PMID- 4064134
TI  - [An overview of injured patients treated and hospitalized at the Pediatric ORL
      Clinic in Brno over the past 10 years].

PMID- 4064135
TI  - [Rhabdomyosarcoma in childhood. II. Ultrastructure].
AB  - The diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma was established or proved by electron
      microscopy in two thirds of 21 cases. Histological classification was not
      adequate or formulated as "undifferentiated sarcoma" in half the cases. Electron
      microscopy did not succeed in one third of cases and rhabdomyosarcoma was
      classified according to simultaneous or successive study. Undifferentiated tumour
      cells resembled myoblastema cells of the 5th-6th gestation weeks. Differentiation
      of myoblasts and myotubes corresponded to the muscle development of the 7th-16th
      weeks. Immature cells showed features of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in most
      cases of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas were
      characterized by exclusive myoblastic differentiation. Different cellular sources
      were discussed in rhabdomyosarcomas with differentiation into one cell type or
      into various mesenchymal cells.

PMID- 4064136
TI  - [Ultrastructure of foamy and pigmented cells in the female breast].
AB  - Electronmicroscopy was performed on 5 surgical specimens from the mammary gland
      of 21-, 34-, 49-, 49-, and 51-years-old women. Histological diagnosis of mammary
      dysplasia was established in all of patients. Ultrastructure of foamy cells
      showed lipid vacuoles without obvious limiting membrane, lysosomal vacuoles with
      annulate and vesiculate membranous structures, lamellar bodies and lipofuscin
      inclusions which prevailed in pigmented cells. There were only quantitative
      differences between both types of cells. Neither phagocytosis nor another feature
      of macrophagic origin were found. On the contrary, epithelial origin of these
      cells could be conceded according to the finding of desmosomes among foamy cells
      in ductal lumina. But periductal cells apparently could be derived from stromal
      cells.

PMID- 4064137
TI  - [Parathyroid glands in long-term dialysis].
AB  - Parathyroid glands from 100 deceased persons treated by hemodialysis were
      compared with 84 bone lesions and with immunoreactive parathormon in serum of 59
      cases. Parathyroid findings were in correlation with the type of bone lesion and
      parathormon rates. Increase of parathormon in hemodialysed patients reflected the
      hyperplasia of parathyroid glands.

PMID- 4064138
TI  - [Isolated atrial amyloid].
AB  - Isolated atrial amyloid was found in 44 cases among 67 patients deceased at the
      age of 10-87 years. There was an increase in frequency from 11% in young up to
      100% in the old ones. An independent position of this type of amyloid heart
      dystrophy was discussed according to literature.

PMID- 4064139
TI  - [Ultrastructural findings in the alcohol-damaged liver].
AB  - Eleven cases of alcoholic hepatitis with a fibrosis of various grade and one
      needle biopsy of alcoholic cirrhosis showed a diffuse dilatation of the smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum with a floccular precipitate in cisternae in big clear
      centrilobular hepatocytes. Mallory's hyalin was formed by densely packed
      filaments of different density and thickness in large deposits. Big hyaline
      inclusions were found in hepatocytes of different location in five cases of
      alcoholic fibrosis. They represented dilated cisternae of the rough endoplasmic
      reticulum full of a fine granular material. The cells mostly found in
      centriacinous pericellular collagenization and in fibrous tissue were
      fibroblasts, myofibroblasts were less frequent whereas Ito's cells were much
      reduced or missing. Epithelial cells of de novo formed bile ducts showed an
      insignificant widening of the basement membrane.

PMID- 4064140
TI  - [The eosinophil composition during the manifestations of early syphilis].
AB  - Histology of ulcus durum with regional simple lymphadenitis and of condyloma
      latum was presented. Inflammatory lymphoplasmocytic infiltration included
      eosinophilic leukocytes in both cases. Syphilitic granulomatous lymphadenitis
      with conspicuous productive perilymphadenitis has been lasting about 1 month.
      Treponemas in histological section were found only in condyloma latum.

PMID- 4064141
TI  - [Acute ischemic eye disease from the neurovascular aspect].

PMID- 4064142
TI  - [14th National Neurovascular Symposium. Martin, 6-7 December 1984. Abstracts].

PMID- 4064144
TI  - [Social psychiatry and psychotherapy].

PMID- 4064143
TI  - [Psychopathologic reactions in natural catastrophes].

PMID- 4064146
TI  - [Stress and neurosis].

PMID- 4064145
TI  - [Organic magnesium salts in the treatment of premenstrual tension].

PMID- 4064147
TI  - [Sydnocarb as the method of choice in persistent enuresis? Findings after 2 years
      of administration].

PMID- 4064148
TI  - [The effect of group psychotherapy on reversion in schizophrenics. A comparative
      study].

PMID- 4064149
TI  - [Differences between men and women with regard to dependence on addictive
      substances].

PMID- 4064150
TI  - [A night sanatorium. Prior experience, problems and perspectives].

PMID- 4064151
TI  - [Experience with lithiotherapy in psychoses in childhood and adolescence].

PMID- 4064152
TI  - [The effect of various kinds of infant nutrition on fat metabolism in the child].

PMID- 4064153
TI  - [Child mortality during heart catheterization and up to 24 hours later].

PMID- 4064154
TI  - [Results of screening for congenital hypothyroidism in hypotrophic neonates].

PMID- 4064155
TI  - [Testicular torsion--one of the causes of acute scrotal syndrome in children].

PMID- 4064156
TI  - [Congenital hypogammaglobulinemia--Bruton's disease].

PMID- 4064157
TI  - [Primary amebic meningoencephalitis. Case report].

PMID- 4064158
TI  - [Ventricular tachycardia in a 6-year-old boy with a heart fibroma].

PMID- 4064159
TI  - [Etiopathogenesis of bronchial asthma].

PMID- 4064160
TI  - [Blood pressure levels in a selected population sample of children in
      Bratislava].

PMID- 4064161
TI  - [Rooming-in in a hospital in Nove Zamky].

PMID- 4064162
TI  - [Utilization of basic transfusion preparations in pediatric medicine 1981-1984].

PMID- 4064163
TI  - [The reaktometer--an aid in detecting hearing defects in children].

PMID- 4064165
TI  - [Removal of tissues and organs for transplantation purposes from the bodies of
      cadavers when the examining physician suspects a crime].

PMID- 4064164
TI  - [A model for projecting population dynamics using variable mortality rates based
      on selected causes of death].

PMID- 4064166
TI  - [The dispute about health and its value].

PMID- 4064167
TI  - [The psychological dimension of health and disease].

PMID- 4064168
TI  - [The effect of circulatory diseases on the utilization of hospital care].

PMID- 4064170
TI  - [Modern medicine and the law].

PMID- 4064169
TI  - [Sociological study of working and living conditions in patients with vertebral
      pain syndromes].

PMID- 4064171
TI  - [Legal guidelines for the citizen-health professional relationship. II].

PMID- 4064172
TI  - [Medical experiments on living humans (legal aspects)].

PMID- 4064173
TI  - [Mandatory confidentiality of physicians].

PMID- 4064174
TI  - [The limits of care in critical situations].

PMID- 4064176
TI  - [The role of the family physician].

PMID- 4064175
TI  - [A high level of professional skill as a basic requirement for professional
      activity within the Czechoslovak health care system].

PMID- 4064177
TI  - [Poisoning in childhood from the viewpoint of the social pediatrician].

PMID- 4064178
TI  - [Pitfalls in the diagnosis of ossifying myositis].

PMID- 4064179
TI  - [Bone lesions in the battered child syndrome].

PMID- 4064180
TI  - [Experience with percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography].

PMID- 4064181
TI  - [Meckel's diverticulum].

PMID- 4064182
TI  - [Possibilities of using computer technology in the radiodiagnosis department].

PMID- 4064183
TI  - [Thermographic examination of occupational vasoneuroses].

PMID- 4064184
TI  - [Determination of the dimensions of areas and their temperature deviations on the
      body surface].

PMID- 4064185
TI  - [An integrator for lyoluminescent dosimetry].

PMID- 4064186
TI  - [A report on the first therapeutic use of a linear accelerator in Plzen].

PMID- 4064187
TI  - The synergistic lethal interaction of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum and natural
      nucleosides is related to increased DNA cross-links.
AB  - Human tumor cells were treated in vitro with combinations of cis- or trans
      dichlodiammineplatinum (DDP) and natural nucleosides (thymidine, uridine,
      cytidine and adenosine). Effects were measured by inhibition of colony-formation
      (cell survival) and DNA alkaline elution (DNA cross-links). No increments in cell
      lethality or DNA cross-links were elicited by any combination of trans-DDP and
      nucleosides. In contrast, every combination of cis-DDP and nucleoside was
      eminently synergistic with 5- and 10-fold increases in cell lethality over the
      predicted sum of each agent alone. These increments in cell kill correlated
      linearly with increases in DNA crosslinks suggesting that the nucleosides
      interact with cis-DDP to enhance its cytotoxic crosslinking mode of action.

PMID- 4064188
TI  - Differences in naphthalene-induced toxicity in the mouse and rat.
AB  - Following the intraperitoneal administration of naphthalene (200 mg/kg) to mice,
      the lung, in comparison with other organs, was selectively damaged. Histological
      examination of the lungs showed that it was the non-ciliated, bronchiolar
      epithelial cells (Clara cells) which were damaged. At higher doses (400 mg/kg and
      600 mg/kg, i.p.), there was also damage to the cells in the proximal tubules of
      the kidney. In contrast to the effect in mice, doses of naphthalene as high as
      1600 mg/kg (i.p.) caused no detectable pulmonary or renal damage in the rat. This
      difference in toxicity between the mouse and rat was reflected by the ability of
      naphthalene to more severely deplete the non-protein sulphydryls in the mouse
      lung and kidney than in those organs in the rat. In order to investigate the
      species difference in toxicity, the metabolism of naphthalene by lung and liver
      microsomes of the mouse and rat was studied. In all cases, naphthalene was
      metabolised to a covalently bound product(s) and to two major methanol-soluble
      products, which co-chromatographed with 1-naphthol and 1,2-dihydro-1,2
      dihydroxynaphthalene. However, both the covalent binding and metabolism were
      approximately 10-fold greater in microsomes prepared from mouse lung compared
      with those from the rat. This observation may in part explain the difference in
      toxicity of naphthalene to the mouse and rat lung. As 1-naphthol is a major
      metabolite of naphthalene and previous work had suggested that most of the
      microsomal catalysed binding of naphthalene was due to further oxidation of 1
      naphthol, the role of 1-naphthol in mediating the naphthalene-induced toxicity
      was investigated. In neither the mouse nor the rat did 1-naphthol cause a
      depletion of non-protein sulphydryl levels or tissue damage in the liver, lung or
      kidney. Thus the toxicity of naphthalene does not appear to be mediated via 1
      naphthol.

PMID- 4064189
TI  - Reduced glutathione inhibits the alkylation by N-nitrosodimethylamine of liver
      DNA in vivo and microsomal fraction in vitro.
AB  - The transfer of radioactivity from N-nitroso-[14C]dimethylamine to
      trichloroacetic acid precipitable macromolecules in the microsomal fraction of
      rat liver was investigated. This transfer was found to depend on N
      nitrosodimethylamine being metabolized. Cytosolic fraction and cytosol enriched
      with reduced glutathione inhibited the binding of radioactivity to acid insoluble
      proteins. Depletion of glutathione in rat liver with diethylmaleate prior to i.v.
      administration of 10 mg N-nitroso-[14C]dimethylamine/kg led to an increase in O6
      methylguanine and N-7-methylguanine in DNA. If rats were fed disulfiram for 6
      days (2 g/kg feed), glutathione and glutathione S-transferase were enhanced, and
      the degree of methylation of guanine by N-nitrosodimethylamine was greatly
      reduced, as was the metabolism of N-nitrosodimethylamine in the intact animal.
      Fasting rats for 24 h did not change the N-nitrosodimethylamine-demethylase
      activity in vitro but greatly enhanced the methylation of guanine in vivo, while
      the glutathione content and glutathione S-transferase activity were not changed
      compared to fed animals.

PMID- 4064190
TI  - Influence of quinidine on the intestinal secretion of digoxin and digitoxin in
      guinea pigs.
AB  - The secretion of digoxin and digitoxin into in situ perfused jejunal and colonic
      segments of normal or quinidine treated guinea pigs was studied. Quinidine was
      administered intravenously by constant rate infusion resulting in a quinidine
      plasma concentration of about 6 micrograms/ml. After 2 h digoxin or digitoxin was
      injected i.v. (10 micrograms/kg). The quinidine treatment enhanced the plasma
      concentration of [3H]digoxin to about 140% as compared to controls, whereas the
      [3H]digitoxin concentration was not influenced by the quinidine infusion. Both,
      digoxin and digitoxin were secreted against a concentration gradient into the
      intestinal lumen. During the experimental period of 180 min controls secreted
      0.24% of the administered digoxin dose per cm of jejunal and 0.13% per cm of
      colonic segment. Quinidine treatment resulted in a decrease of the jejunal
      digoxin secretion to about 80% of the control values. In both, jejunum and colon
      the concentration ratio between lumen and plasma (L/P) was diminished by
      quinidine to 50% as compared with the controls. The amount of [3H]digitoxin
      secreted into the intestinal segments was decreased by quinidine from 0.19% of
      the dose/cm to 0.13% in the jejunal and from 0.17% to 0.12% in the colonic
      segments, respectively. The decrease of the L/P ratio for [3H]digitoxin was more
      pronounced in the colon (58%) than in the jejunum (77% of the control values). As
      compared with controls the content of [3H]digoxin in the jejunal as well as
      colonic tissue was decreased by quinidine to 60% or 73%, respectively. On the
      other hand quinidine increased the tissue content of [3H]digitoxin in jejunum
      (+56%) and colon (+88%). In conclusion quinidine inhibits the intestinal
      secretion of both, digoxin and digitoxin, possibly by different mechanisms.

PMID- 4064191
TI  - Horseradish peroxidase/hydrogen peroxide-catalyzed oxidation of VP16-213.
      Identification of a new metabolite.
AB  - VP16 was submitted to oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and
      H2O2 in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). The product of the reaction, which has a high
      performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) retention time different from the
      previously known metabolites of VP16, was identified as 1,2,3,4-tetradehydro-VP16
      by 1H-NMR and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. It was found to result from the
      loss of four hydrogens and the formation of an aromatic ring (ring C of VP16).
      This new product retains, in the 4' position of the E ring of VP16, the hydroxy
      group which is crucial for the antitumoral activity of podophyllotoxin
      derivatives. The reaction was linear in a wide range of VP16 concentrations and
      was dependent on the concomitant presence of peroxidase and H2O2.

PMID- 4064192
TI  - Effects of ethanol and phenobarbital administration on the metabolism and
      toxicity of benzene.
AB  - Effects of ethanol- and phenobarbital(PB)-treatment on the metabolism of benzene
      in vitro and in vivo, and on the benzene-induced hemotoxicity, were investigated.
      Ethanol consumption markedly enhanced in vitro metabolism of both benzene and
      phenol in rat liver, whereas PB-treatment, which enhanced the metabolism of
      phenol to some degree (about one-third of ethanol-induced enhancement), did not
      affect the metabolism of benzene. In a single exposure experiment with rats,
      ethanol increased benzene metabolism in vivo as evidenced by accelerated
      disappearance of benzene from the blood as well as by elevated urinary excretion
      of phenol, whereas PB produced little or no significant influence on the
      metabolism. In a 3-week exposure experiment, ethanol administration accelerated
      benzene disappearance from the blood in agreement with the single exposure
      experiment, but it tended to decrease urinary phenol excretion with repetition of
      exposure, probably due to concomitant stimulation of subsequent phenol metabolism
      by ethanol. Again, PB-treatment produced only a negligible effect on the
      metabolism of benzene. Ethanol consumption aggravated benzene-induced hemopoietic
      disorder as evidenced by a marked decrease in the peripheral white blood cell
      number. PB produced a protective effect on the toxicity. It is concluded that
      ethanol potentiates benzene toxicity by accelerating (1) hydroxylation of
      benzene, a rate-limiting step of benzene metabolism and (2) transformation of
      phenol into highly toxic metabolites.

PMID- 4064193
TI  - Nuclear proteins damage by alkylating agents with different degrees of
      carcinogenicity.
AB  - We have tried to establish a correlation between the carcinogenic potency of two
      alkylating compounds and specific target sites in chromatin. We have therefore
      compared the nuclear metabolism of radioactively-labelled methylmethanesulfonate
      (MMS), a relatively weak carcinogen and N-methylnitrosourea (MNU), a highly
      potent carcinogen in cultured primary hepatocytes which have, high microsomal
      drug-metabolizing activity and in V79 Chinese hamster cells which have low
      microsomal enzymatic activity. The modification of specific amino acid residues
      in acid-soluble nuclear proteins (H) and non-histone nuclear proteins (NH) was
      studied after exposing the cells to various doses of alkylating agents overnight.
      We found that at all doses, mainly the cysteine (Cys), but also to a lower extent
      the histidine (His) residues are methylated in both H and NH protein fractions by
      MMS. At high doses of MMS, traces of methylarginine and methylated lysines could
      be detected. MNU predominantly methylates lysine and arginine residues, the
      former being found mostly in H, the latter in NH. Although both hepatocytes and
      V79 cells metabolized radioactively-labelled carcinogen, a higher percentage of
      counts were incorporated by the hepatocytes; 'unusually' methylated amino acids
      were detectable in the hepatocyte proteins with relatively low doses of the
      alkylating agents but not in V79 cells. In the presence of exogenous microsomes,
      during exposure of V79 cells to the alkylating agents, the amount of amino acid
      methylation is qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that found in
      hepatocytes. Our data suggest a specific mechanism of protein methylation, at the
      level of target amino acids, for carcinogens with different potencies similar to
      what has been found for DNA bases. A component of the microsomal fraction (S9)
      may be able to enhance this effect.

PMID- 4064194
TI  - Covalent binding of styrene and styrene-7,8-oxide to plasma proteins, hemoglobin
      and DNA in the mouse.
AB  - The extent of covalent binding to plasma proteins, hemoglobin and guanine-N-7 in
      DNA was determined after intraperitoneal administration of radiolabelled styrene
      and styrene-7,8-oxide to mice. The degree of alkylation increased non-linearly
      with the dose. It was proportionally higher after the highest doses of styrene
      7,8-oxide while the reverse was observed with respect to the ability of styrene
      to alkylate plasma proteins and DNA. Thus, a dose dependence was indicated in the
      elimination of both styrene and styrene-7,8-oxide. A comparison of the degree of
      alkylation of plasma proteins, hemoglobin and guanine-N-7 in DNA suggests that
      the two compounds are about equally effective as alkylating agents in vivo at
      moderate dose levels. At high doses styrene-7,8-oxide is the more effective
      alkylator. The alkylation of DNA in liver, brain and lung after administration of
      styrene-7,8-oxide exceeded that in spleen and testis.

PMID- 4064195
TI  - DNA-protein cross-links induced by nickel compounds in intact cultured mammalian
      cells.
AB  - The carcinogenic activity of crystalline NiS has been attributed to phagocytosis
      and intracellular dissolution of the particles to yield Ni2+ which is thought to
      enter the nucleus and damage DNA. In this study the extent and type of DNA damage
      in Chinese hamster ovary CHO cells treated with various nickel compounds was
      assessed by alkaline elution. Both insoluble (crystalline NiS) and soluble
      (NiCl2) nickel compounds induced single strand breaks and DNA protein cross
      links. The single strand breaks were repaired relatively quickly but the DNA
      protein cross-links were present and still accumulating 24 h after exposure to
      nickel. Single strand breakage occurred at both non-cytotoxic and cytotoxic
      concentrations of nickel, however, DNA-protein cross-linking was absent when
      cells were exposed to toxic nickel levels. The concentration of nickel that
      induced DNA-protein cross-linking correlated with those metal concentrations that
      reversibly inhibited cellular replication.

PMID- 4064196
TI  - Synthesis of 7-thiaprostaglandin E1 congeners: potent inhibitors of platelet
      aggregation.

PMID- 4064197
TI  - Studies on hypolipidemic agents. II. 3-(4-Phenoxybenzoyl)-propionic acid
      derivatives.

PMID- 4064198
TI  - Syntheses and biological activities of N1-(2-formylethyl)-5-fluorouracil and
      related compounds.

PMID- 4064199
TI  - Quantitative structure-activity relationships of anticonvulsant aralkyl and alkyl
      carbamates.

PMID- 4064200
TI  - Studies on Scutellariae radix. XII. Anti-thrombic actions of various flavonoids
      from Scutellariae radix.

PMID- 4064201
TI  - Fluorometric determination of 4-hydroxyifosfamide in blood and urine.

PMID- 4064202
TI  - Modification of adenine residues of mouse 5S ribosomal ribonucleic acid with
      monoperphthalic acid: the secondary structure of 5S ribosomal ribonucleic acid
      (nucleosides and nucleotides. LVI).

PMID- 4064203
TI  - Physical changes in bovine lens homogenate following ultraviolet irradiation and
      their prevention by some compounds.

PMID- 4064204
TI  - Dissolution profiles of nalidixic acid powders having Weibull particle size
      distribution.

PMID- 4064205
TI  - The effects of thickness and hardness of the coating film on the drug release
      rate of theophylline granules coated with chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate
      complex.

PMID- 4064206
TI  - Tissue distribution and pharmacokinetic evaluation of the targeting efficiency of
      synthetic alkyl glycoside vesicles.

PMID- 4064207
TI  - Role of the main mandibular excretory duct in salivary excretion of urea in dogs.

PMID- 4064208
TI  - Antitumor effect of implanted ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer matrices
      containing anticancer agents on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and P388 leukemia in
      mice.

PMID- 4064209
TI  - In-beam electron ionization and mass analyzed ion kinetic energy studies on
      choline and several long chain aliphatic quaternary ammonium salts.

PMID- 4064210
TI  - Binding parameters of theophylline and aminophylline to bovine serum albumin.

PMID- 4064211
TI  - Binuclear pyrazoles. I. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of 1,1'-dibenzyl and
      1,1'-dihydroxymethyl 4,4'-bispyrazoles.

PMID- 4064212
TI  - Improved separation of the denopamine metabolites using capillary column gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry.

PMID- 4064213
TI  - Isotachophoretic analysis of mercaptoundecahydrododecaborate anion in human serum
      and urine.

PMID- 4064214
TI  - Antitumor activity and structural characterization of polysaccharide fractions
      extracted with cold alkali from a fungus, Peziza vesiculosa.

PMID- 4064215
TI  - Liquid penetration into tablets containing surfactants.

PMID- 4064216
TI  - Fatty acid binding proteins from heart.
AB  - Heart contains a fatty acid binding protein (FABP) concentration comparable to
      liver, when it is determined with a fatty acid-binding assay. The low
      concentration detected with anti-liver FABP antibodies is related to the
      different chemical forms and physiochemical properties of liver and heart FABP.
      The ratio of fatty acid bound per purified protein molecule is one or lower. Rat
      heart mitochondria oxidize FABP-bound fatty acids. The FABP content of rat heart
      is dependent on sex and diurnal cycle, but is not influenced by starvation or
      clofibrate feeding. It is also not different in the newborn rat. FABP was
      obtained from human heart in a yield of 11%. It shows similar binding
      characteristics to palmitic, oleic and arachidonic acid. The functional
      significance of the specific heart FABP is discussed in relation to myocardial
      fatty acid metabolism in normal and pathological conditions.

PMID- 4064217
TI  - Dietary and nutritional aspects of fatty acid binding proteins.
AB  - Information on cytosolic fatty acid binding proteins (FABP) related to dietary
      and pharmacological manipulations is discussed in terms of FABP function. FABP
      present in liver, heart, intestinal mucosa and omental fat responds to different
      diets. A parallel change occurs in tissue levels of FABP and metabolism of fatty
      acids. It seems FABP might play a role in lipid metabolism by interacting with
      membrane bound enzymes. The available data also support the argument in favor of
      FABP involvement in intracellular transport, compartmentalization and channeling
      of fatty acids.

PMID- 4064218
TI  - Spectroscopic investigations on the binding site of bovine hepatic fatty acid
      binding protein. Evidence for the existence of a single binding site for two
      fatty acid molecules.
AB  - The hydrophobic region of the binding site of a bovine fatty acid binding protein
      (pI 7.0-FABP) has been characterized using fluorescence and circular dichroism
      (CD) spectroscopy. Blue-shifts of fluorescence emission maxima and increased
      lifetimes of naphthylamine dyes, anthroyloxy-fatty acids, pyrene nonanoic acid
      and trans-parinaric acid indicated a hydrophobic interaction with FABP. The
      fluorescence quenching of various anthroyloxy-fatty acids by iodide and
      acrylamide showed lower accessibility to the fluorophore linked to the carbon
      adjacent to the carbonyl group and towards the methyl end of the fatty acid.
      Binding stoichiometries were different for fatty acids and their bulky
      fluorescent analogues. trans-Parinaric acid when bound to FABP showed a complex
      induced CD-spectrum, which is explained by a close proximity of two ligands in
      the same binding site. Fluorescent derivatives of phosphatidylcholine with trans
      parinaric acid and cholesteryl trans-parinarate did not bind to FABP. Thus, the
      binding site appears to be constructed for high affinity binding of long chain
      fatty acids.

PMID- 4064219
TI  - Phospholipid transfer proteins from lung, properties and possible physiological
      functions.
AB  - Phospholipid transfer proteins have been found in lung just as they have in
      tissues throughout the body. There is speculation that the proteins are involved
      in membrane biogenesis and in determining the phospholipid composition of
      membranes. For this reason the lung, which contains subcellular organelles of
      distinct phospholipid composition, is of interest in terms of its complement of
      phospholipid transfer proteins. The lamellar bodies of pulmonary type II alveolar
      cells have a phospholipid composition unique in terms of the proportions of
      dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol. Studies of the
      phospholipid transfer proteins in lung have demonstrated two molecular species of
      the transfer proteins that differ significantly from those found in liver and
      other tissues. These proteins show specificity for the transfer of dipalmitoyl
      phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol.

PMID- 4064220
TI  - Oxysterol binding protein.
AB  - A binding protein is described for certain oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol
      which suppress 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and cholesterol
      synthesis in cultured mammalian cells. This protein is found in the cytosolic
      fraction of many cell types and is distinct from cytosolic proteins which bind
      cholesterol. The relative binding affinity of a wide variety of oxysterols
      correlates with their ability to suppress reductase and it is proposed that the
      binding protein functions as a receptor for endogenous regulatory oxysterols. The
      binding protein from cultured mouse fibroblasts (L cells) has been partially
      purified and characterized. Changes in its molecular form occur when a ligand is
      bound and further changes in form and binding kinetics occur at acid pH and in
      the presence of urea. Based on these changes a subunit model for the binding
      protein is presented.

PMID- 4064221
TI  - The non-specific lipid transfer protein (sterol carrier protein 2) from rat and
      bovine liver.
AB  - The non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsL-TP) purified from rat and bovine
      liver accelerates the transfer of all common diacylglycerophospholipids,
      cholesterol as well as glycosphingolipids and gangliosides between membranes.
      These proteins have molecular weights in the order of 14 500 and are highly basic
      (isoelectric points between 8.5 and 9.5). The primary structure of nsL-TP from
      bovine liver has been elucidated yielding a single polypeptide chain of 121
      aminoacid residues. The protein contains one cysteine residue, essential for
      transfer activity, a single tryptophan residue and lacks histidine, arginine and
      tyrosine residues. Rat liver nsL-TP was found to be identical to sterol carrier
      protein 2, stimulating the microsomal conversion of intermediates between
      lanosterol and cholesterol. Evidence was presented that nsL-TP binds cholesterol,
      suggesting that it acts as a carrier. On the other hand, failure to bind
      phospholipids disagrees with this proposed mode of action. A sensitive enzyme
      immunoassay was developed to determine levels of nsL-TP in rat tissues. By use of
      this assay, nsL-TP was found to be most prominently present in liver and
      intestinal mucosa (0.78 and 0.46 microgram nsL-TP per mg protein in 105 000 X g
      supernatant, respectively). Subfractionation studies showed that approx. 70% of
      nsL-TP was present in the membrane-free cytosol. However, application of an
      immunosorbent-purified antibody and protein A-linked gold particles to rat liver
      slices demonstrated a concentration of label over the peroxisomes. By way of
      immunoblotting it was shown that nsL-TP was absent from peroxisomes and that the
      immunoreactive material was a protein of mol. wt. 58 000. nsL-TP is capable of
      mediating net transfer of cholesterol to membranes, deficient in this lipid.
      Under such conditions of net transfer, nsL-TP stimulated the microsomal
      esterification of cholesterol and its conversion to pregnenolone by adrenal
      mitochondria. Levels of nsL-TP in Reuber H35 hepatoma cells was six per cent of
      that found in rat hepatocytes. This very low level of nsL-TP had no effect on de
      novo cholesterol biosynthesis and intracellular cholesterol esterification. These
      results raise doubts as to whether nsL-TP has a function in in situ cholesterol
      metabolism.

PMID- 4064222
TI  - Purification and characterization of microsomal triglyceride and cholesteryl
      ester transfer protein from bovine liver microsomes.
AB  - A lipid transfer protein was isolated from bovine liver. Following the release of
      soluble proteins from liver microsomes, the transfer protein was purified 75-fold
      to near homogeneity by a combination of DEAE-cellulose ion exchange, Sephadex G
      200 gel permeation, and hydroxylapatite chromatography. About 7% of the original
      activity was recovered. The purified fraction promoted the transfer of
      triglyceride, cholesteryl ester, phosphatidylcholine, and
      phosphatidylethanolamine. When the fractional rates of lipid transfer were
      compared, the transfer of apolar lipids was over 10 times faster than that of
      phospholipid. The purified transfer complex contained less than 5% lipid. No
      carbohydrate was detected. Electrophoresis of the purified protein on
      polyacrylamide gels under non-denaturing conditions showed a single band. Elution
      of protein from slices of unstained gels showed that lipid transfer activities
      coincided with the position of the protein band on the stained gel. When the
      purified protein was electrophoresed in the presence of SDS, two bands,
      accounting for more than 95% of the staining density, were observed with
      molecular weights at 58 000 and 88 000. The purified transfer protein eluted from
      a Sephadex G-200 column at a position corresponding to a protein with a molecular
      weight of 220 000, which probably represents a complex of two or more
      polypeptides. The purified transfer protein was activated by increasing NaCl
      concentrations up to about 100 mM. At higher NaCl concentrations the transfer
      activity decreased. Maximal transfer activities were observed at pH 7. The
      protein was inactivated by heating above 50 degrees C. The transfer rates were
      not greatly increased by changing the assay temperatures between 20 degrees C and
      50 degrees C. These activity characteristics of the transfer protein were the
      same whether triglyceride or cholesteryl ester transfer activities were measured.

PMID- 4064223
TI  - The lipid binding site of the phosphatidylcholine transfer protein from bovine
      liver.
AB  - The phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP) from bovine liver has a binding
      site for phosphatidylcholine (PC). Structural and molecular characteristics of
      this site were investigated by binding PC-analogues carrying photolabile,
      fluorescent and short-chain fatty acids. Analysis of the photolabeled PC/PC-TP
      adduct showed that the hydrophobic peptide segment Val171-Phe-Met-Tyr-Tyr-Phe
      Asp177 is part of the lipid binding site for the 2-acyl chain. This site was
      further studied by binding PC carrying cis-parinaric acid at the sn-2-position.
      Time resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements indicated that the 2-acyl
      chain was immobilized following the rotation of PC-TP. Similar experiments with
      PC carrying cis-parinaric acid at the sn-1-position demonstrated that the 1-acyl
      chain was immobilized as well but at a site distinctly different from that of the
      2-acyl chain. Binding sites for the 1- and 2-acyl chain were then explored by use
      of PC-isomers carrying decanoic, lauric and myristic acid at the sn-1- (or sn-2-)
      position and oleic acid at the sn-2- (or sn-1-)-position. Incubation with
      vesicles prepared of these PC-species indicated that binding to PC-TP diminished
      with decreasing acyl chain length but more so for species with short-chain fatty
      acids on the sn-2-position than on the sn-1-position. Transfer experiments
      confirmed that PC-TP discriminates between PC-isomers of apparently equal
      hydrophobicity favouring the transfer of these species carrying oleic acid at the
      sn-2-position.

PMID- 4064224
TI  - Glycolipid-binding proteins.
AB  - Proteins which bind glycolipids with high specificity are tentatively divided
      into two groups. One group consists of activator proteins involved in the
      catabolism of glycolipids by acid lysosomal hydrolases. Two activator proteins,
      GM2-activator and sphingolipid activator protein-1, are critically appraised on
      their glycolipid-binding properties and on their activity to facilitate the
      transfer of glycolipids. These proteins are glycoproteins localized in the
      lysosomes. Their molecular weights are in a range of 21 000-27 000, and
      isoelectric points are 4-5. Glycolipid transfer protein (GLTP) is included in the
      other group. GLTP purified from pig brain has a molecular weight of about 20 000
      and an isoelectric point of 8.3. GLTP facilitates the transfer of various
      glycosphingolipids and glyceroglycolipids between membranes. The protein does not
      facilitate the transfer of phospholipids or cholesterol. GLTP binds
      galactosylceramide. The galactosylceramide-GLTP complex participates in the
      transfer reaction as the intermediate. Each protein in both groups binds
      glycolipids with a characteristic specificity to the sugar moiety. A
      stoichiometry of 1 mol of lipid per mol of protein has been found in all three
      proteins. Proteins in both groups seem to have a hydrophobic region on their
      surface, since all three proteins have been efficiently purified by hydrophobic
      chromatography.

PMID- 4064225
TI  - Properties of a specific glycolipid transfer protein from bovine brain.
AB  - A transfer protein specific for glycolipids has been isolated from bovine brain.
      As judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the
      protein is 68% pure and has a molecular weight of 20 000. Three different assays
      were employed to study the protein's specificity and glycolipid binding
      properties. The protein transferred several different neutral glycosphingolipids
      and ganglioside GM1 equally well, but failed to accelerate phosphatidylcholine or
      sphingomyelin intervesicular movement. The protein's ability to interact with
      glycolipids was strongly influenced by the physical properties of the matrix
      phospholipid in which the glycolipids reside. Both the phase state of the
      phospholipid matrix and bilayer curvature affected glycolipid intervesicular
      transfer rates. Protein binding to phospholipid vesicles containing either
      tritium-labeled or pyrene-labeled glucosylceramide could not be demonstrated by
      density gradient centrifugation or fluorescence energy transfer measurements,
      respectively. A specific association of the transfer protein for pyrene-labeled
      glucosylceramide was found when the fluorescence emission of the pyrene excimer
      to-monomer ratio was measured suggesting that a portion of the fluorescent
      glycolipid was being sequestered from the phospholipid vesicles and was binding
      to the freely soluble protein.

PMID- 4064227
TI  - [Growth of the lower limbs in normal children. Results of 10 years' exclusively
      orthopedic pediatrics].
AB  - Ten years of exclusive pediatric orthopedic consults show that growth of lower
      limb in normal children goes in four distinct clinic forms. This view of growth
      and evolution in normal children allows to avoid orthopedically unjustified
      treatments and shows where the potential problems are for making easy therapeutic
      decisions.

PMID- 4064226
TI  - Function and regulation of hepatic and intestinal fatty acid binding proteins.
AB  - Two structurally different fatty acid binding proteins (FABP) have been isolated
      from rat liver and small intestinal epithelium. hFABP is a 14 184 Da protein
      found in abundance in both liver and small intestine, whereas gFABP (15 063 Da)
      is abundantly present only in small intestine. This review discusses studies
      which have provided insight into the physiological functions of these proteins.
      These include analyses of endogenous and exogenous ligand binding to FABP in
      vitro; examination of the modulating effect of FABP preparations on enzyme
      activities in vitro; exploration of relationships between alterations in
      cytosolic FABP content in response to hormonal, pharmacological, and dietary
      manipulations and changes in the rates of cellular fatty acid uptake and
      utilization; and studies of hFABP turnover and the mechanisms of FABP regulation.
      These experiments provide compelling evidence for a broad role of the FABPs in
      the transport, utilization and cellular economy of free fatty acids in the liver
      and small intestine, and also in protecting several aspects of cellular function
      against the modulatory effects of fatty acids, fatty acyl-CoA esters, and other
      ligands. Studies of FABP regulation also suggest a role in long-term rather than
      short-term modulation of hepatic fatty acid metabolism and indicate that hFABP
      and gFABP may perform different functions in the small intestine.

PMID- 4064228
TI  - [The treatment of Pott's disease in children. Apropos of 100 cases].
AB  - Between 1976 and 1984, 100 children aged 13 months to 15 years were treated for
      tuberculosis of the spine. 29 patients seen at an early stage and presenting
      limited lesions healed completely with mild or moderate residual kyphosis after
      orthopaedic treatment associating antibiotherapy and strict immobilization in
      plaster shells. 71 patients having extensive vertebral destruction or after
      failure of the orthopaedic treatment underwent surgery for excision and anterior
      spine fusion. A supplementary posterior spine fusion was performed in 48
      patients. This procedure, in conjunction with preoperative traction, obtained
      stabilization of the spine and healing of vertebral lesions in most cases with
      excellent correction of recent kyphosis. In view of these results, it seems
      possible to determine which treatment is best adapted according to: the extent,
      severity and level of the lesions, the degree and age of kyphosis, the existence
      or not of paraplegia. The possibility to reduce fixed severe kyphosis (6 cases)
      and the indication for a supplementary posterior fusion are evaluated.

PMID- 4064229
TI  - [Remote course of bony cysts in children and adolescents].
AB  - The author, who in 1955 had published a thesis on the remote results of the
      treatment of bone cysts on children and teenagers, decided to go back to that
      subject 30 years later. He was able to gather 203 observations (mostly from Paris
      Hospitals) followed up for at least 2 years (some of them for more than 30 years)
      and in 15 of those cases no treatment had been undergone. The pathogenesis of the
      bone cyst is still unknown, but there are obvious connections between the cystic
      socket and the vascular metaphysis. Rigault and Padovani had the opportunity to
      observe, during some injections of contrasting preparation in the humeral cysts
      that the liquid went quickly into the auxiliary venous system. The bone cysts
      appear in the spongy tissue of bone metaphysis in full movement. The author
      thinks that the cystic sockets are made by the gathering of osteolytic bubbles
      and that the protrusions inside the bone are nothing, but the former limits of
      those bubbles. The evolution does not always follow the classical pattern and one
      can often observe--in particular in the humeral localisation--lytic outbreaks on
      a cyst which growth seemed stationary or on the way of recovery. Those outbreaks
      with specific evolution bring about either an extension of the socket or the
      appearance of a new geode. The recovery (total or partial) usually comes after
      septation of the cavity. It is only at the end of the growth that one can be sure
      of the stabilization of the remaining lesions. As for the spontaneous
      disappearance of the cavity, it can take years. Considering the ever encouraging
      evolution of the bone cysts, one must always be very careful in judging the
      efficacy of the different treatments that are recommended. The different
      traumatisms (fractures, surgery or corticoids) bring forth perturbations in the
      bone socket, according to a pattern that we do not know well. The result is often
      paradoxical: one bone cyst which was apparently stabilized will awake and spread;
      another, partially cured after a surgery will have to wait for a fracture of the
      remaining cavity to disappear completely; other bone cysts which the injections
      of corticoids have failed to cure will recover after a curettage or vice-versa.
      Every method, included the bone resections used in some localisations (fibula)
      can fail.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4064230
TI  - [Osteoarthritis in infants. Follow-up and treatment].
AB  - For 25 years, 102 hematogenous septic arthritis have been observed in 82 newborns
      and infants. The hip joint was the most commun site of involvement (63 cases),
      than the knee (23 cases), the shoulder (7 cases), the elbow (5 cases), the ankle
      (3 cases) and one wrist. 14 times, two or more joints were involved. When the
      diagnosis was made early, an aspiration of pus and an irrigation of the joint was
      done. But in severe and delayed arthritis, an arthrotomy was preferred. In all
      cases, joints were immobilized in a post-operative cast or with a traction
      management, and parenteral antibiotics were prescribed. 52 sequellae were noted,
      two third of these were seen in second hand. Sequellae are detailed joint by
      joint, and the authors describe different stages from minor dysplasia and
      abnormal growth of the epiphysis to severe destruction of the bones and
      persistent dislocation. Treatment of sequellae is proposed: 1. The hip joint.
      Dysplasia and deformities of the head and/or the neck were corrected with femoral
      osteotomy. In 2 cases, a pelvic innominate osteotomy was performed. Progressive
      coxa vara with short neck and greater trochanteric overgrowth were treated with
      femoral neck lengthening (personal technic). Dislocations needed open reduction
      of the hip and extensive excision of the acetabular fibro-fatty tissue. In a few
      cases, a Colonna's procedure was made. In total destructions of the upper femoral
      extremity, the treatment consisted in trochanteroplasty. In partial
      epiphysiodesis of a femoral condyle, disepiphysiodesis was obtained with
      resection of the physeal bone bridge (2 cases) or with free free physeal
      transplantation with microvascular anastomosis (2 cases).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4064231
TI  - [Acetabular protrusion in Marfan's disease].
AB  - The etiologic assessment that had been made on the person of a young girl
      revealed a protrusio acetabuli which was painful and stiff and the evolution of
      which was quick, was allowed us to reveal a Marfan's syndrome. On this occasion,
      we have studied the links between the Marfan's syndrome and the protrusio
      acetabuli. After having resumed the history of this illness, the author remind us
      of its main characteristics while insisting upon the orthopedic abnormalities.
      They define the three steps of a protrusio acetabuli according to the Ruelle and
      Dubois criteria. For the child, the protrusio acetabuli is said to be primary
      without any well determined etiology. On the contrary, numerous studies deal with
      the idiopathic chondrolysis of the hips and describe surprising associations such
      as scoliosis, kyphosis, deformations of the hands and hereditary characteristics.
      Twelve observations of the Marfan's syndrome are presented, eleven of which
      concerning children and one concerning an adult. Among these twenty-four hips,
      the authors find nineteen protrude hips (80%) which belong to one of the three
      steps described by Ruelle and Dubois. There is an absence of clinical symptoms in
      nine cases among the twelve observed and the protrusion is systematically found.
      In three cases, there existed a functional symptomatology which in two cases, has
      led us to reveal a Marfan's syndrome. There were great pains of the mechanical
      type, linked to a limitation of the articular mobility; the radiography revealed
      an idiopathic chondrolysis of the hips. Moreover, the authors underline the
      primary importance of the skin-biopsy and of the metacarpal index measure in
      order to confirm the diagnostic of the Marfan's syndrome. Thus, the protrusio
      acetabuli appear to be a quasiconstant sign of Marfan's syndrome and has to be
      included in the long check of the orthopedic abnormalities of such a syndrome.
      The verification of a deep hip needs to research of the Marfan's syndrome. The
      primary protrusio acetabuli has to be closely studied, since we have just showed
      that the Marfan's syndrome was one its rare etiologies known up to now.

PMID- 4064232
TI  - [Epiphysiolysis of the hip following radiotherapy of pelvic tumors in early
      infancy. Apropos of 5 new cases].
AB  - Five personal cases of slipped capital femoral epiphysis in children submitted to
      pelvic radiotherapy and nineteen similar observations are reported. This
      complication appears around 6 years after radiotherapy; its frequency increases
      with high radiations doses and associated chemotherapy. Weakening of the
      epiphyseal plate is probably involved whatever radiations voltages. Surgical
      treatments should be confined to epiphysis fixation. As this complication can
      secondarily affect the other hip, preventive controlateral fixation must be
      discussed.

PMID- 4064233
TI  - [Fractures of the medial epicondyle in children].
AB  - The authors have analysed retrospectively the results of 53 fractures of medial
      epicondyle in children. For the review of the radiographies, they describe four
      degrees of displacement. The average age of the children was 12,5 years (range 7
      to 16 years). Posterior dislocation of the elbow was present in 50% of the cases.
      The fracture of the medial epicondyle was treated surgically in thirty-five
      cases. Results were: 42 excellent, 8 fair, and 3 poor. Non union explains these
      three poor results. Neurologic complications were few and transient in all cases.

PMID- 4064234
TI  - [3 case reports of lumbosacral agenesis; role of the lumbo-iliac bone graft].
AB  - From 3 cases (8,2 and 16 years) the two first patients have been followed since
      birth, and in reviewing the 124 cases published in the literature, the authors
      analyze: the possible causes with in first the mother's diabetes, the possibility
      of antenatal diagnosis with ultrasound, the clinical symptoms: paraplegia with
      stiff joints and deformities of lower limbs, finally the therapeutic
      possibilities to correct the deformities of lower limbs and find the compromise
      between straighten the patient to authorize the possible standing and keep
      mobility between trunk and pelvis to allow sitting. In this case, the lumbo-iliac
      bone graft can be used if necessary and if the mobility of the hips make that
      possible. This bone graft was realized once in January 1979 (follow up 5 1/2
      years). All the references are in Dr Barnetche's thesis (Bordeaux 1984, n degrees
      135).

PMID- 4064235
TI  - [Acute osteomyelitis in a child with homozygous sickle cell anemia. Difficulty in
      early diagnosis].
AB  - Febrile painful edema of a limb segment in Black children should suggest a bone
      complication (infarct or osteomyelitis) of a homozygous sickle cell anemia. The
      possibility of an early diagnosis can be improved by scintigraphy since the
      appearance of radiologic signs is delayed in relation to functional
      symptomatology onset. The risk of an infectious graft, particularly from
      Salmonella in children under 2 years, on a bone infarct makes it essential to
      combine routine antibiotic therapy with the orthopedic treatment, to provide
      resolution of the very often quite impressive lesions.

PMID- 4064236
TI  - [Congenital anterior dislocation of the hip].
AB  - An apparently congenital antero-superior hip dislocation is identified during
      surgery. With reference to this case, three possible clinical courses for
      congenital hip dislocations are outlined: As a rule full recovery is most
      frequent. However, a posterior dislocation which is persistent tends to become
      postero-superior upon weight-bearing. Anterior dislocations as well as antero
      superior subluxation appear to be rather common. Both pathology and the CAT scan
      attest to this fact. Extension, which is a true dislocating position for a
      retracted hip in adduction anc rotated externally, is probably responsible for
      such an evolution. Anterior dislocation and especially antero-superior
      subluxation are frequent findings which can be explained anatomically. The
      eventual complications of the antero-superior wall of the acetabulum resulting
      from these, will be the objective of most of the usual treatments for residual
      hip dysplasia.

PMID- 4064237
TI  - [Orthopedic aspects of congenital insensitivity to pain].
AB  - The congenital insensitivity to pain regroups some rare diseases which are mainly
      5: congenital insensitivity to pain; congenital sensitive neuropathies; distal
      sensitive neuropathies; Riley-Day syndrome or hereditary dysautonomia; at last,
      miscellaneous troubles. Three different cases are reported in children: true
      congenital insensitivity to pain; hereditary dysautonomia or Riley-Day syndrome;
      congenital insensitivity to pain localised to a lower limb joined to amniotic
      disease and abnormality of this limb. The orthopedic symptoms (osteomyelitis,
      arthropathies as Charcot type, dislocations, fractures) lead often to diagnosis
      and they are an important step of the prognosis. Scoliosis seems to be frequent
      in this disease. The orthopedic and surgical treatment, according to each
      localization, is difficult and must emphasize the prevention of bones and joints
      injuries.

PMID- 4064238
TI  - [The value of neurolysis following sciatic paralysis due to intrabuttock
      injections in children].
AB  - Extrafascicular neurolysis of the sciatic was made on 28 children, for a
      conduction blockade after intra-muscular injection in the buttock. 5 children
      were not seen again. 18 got a satisfactory motility and sensitivity of the foot.
      We had five failures, 2 because of a diagnostic error and three by a direct prick
      of the nerve.

PMID- 4064239
TI  - [Undesirable effects of drugs in ophthalmology].

PMID- 4064240
TI  - [Drug monitoring].

PMID- 4064241
TI  - [Central visual syndromes].

PMID- 4064242
TI  - [Systemic effects of ophthalmic solutions].

PMID- 4064243
TI  - [Changes in refraction].

PMID- 4064244
TI  - Induction of liver tumors in rats by nitrosodiethanolamine at low doses.
AB  - Nitrosodiethanolamine was given to male and female F344 rats in drinking water at
      three concentrations, 160, 64 and 28 mg/l. The highest dose was given for 50
      weeks, the middle dose for 50 weeks and for 100 weeks, and the lowest dose for
      100 weeks, the last to a group of 39 rats of each sex. The principal neoplasms
      that could be attributed to the treatment were hepatocellular carcinomas and
      neoplastic nodules in the liver. All of the female rats and 70% of male rats
      drinking 160 mg/l had hepatocellular neoplasms. At 64 mg/l the incidence of
      hepatocellular neoplasms was higher after 100 weeks administration than after 50
      weeks, and was significantly higher than in controls after 100 weeks in both
      sexes. At 28 mg/ml there was a greater incidence of hepatocellular neoplasms than
      among controls only in the female rats. Nitrosodiethanolamine appears to be
      carcinogenic to F344 rats at quite low concentrations.

PMID- 4064245
TI  - Aldehyde dehydrogenase activities in hepatocyte nodules and hepatocellular
      carcinomas from Wistar rats.
AB  - The activities of aldehyde dehydrogenases using benzaldehyde and propionaldehyde
      as substrates and NADP and NAD as coenzymes were determined in normal liver,
      hepatocyte nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas from male Wistar rats.
      Hepatocyte nodules were produced by intermittent exposure of rats to 0.05% 2
      acetylaminofluorene or by initiation with diethylnitrosamine followed by
      selection using 2 weeks of dietary exposure to 0.02% 2-acetylaminofluorene and
      partial hepatectomy. The activities of propionaldehyde:NAD and benzaldehyde:NADP
      aldehyde dehydrogenases were increased in hepatocyte nodules of all types as well
      as in most hepatocellular carcinomas. The most prominent elevation of enzyme
      activity was found in the cytosol of persistent hepatocyte nodules (35-60 times)
      and some hepatocellular carcinomas (92 times) using benzaldehyde and NADP. The
      benzaldehyde:NADP aldehyde dehydrogenase activity varied considerably between
      different nodules suggesting the existence of a subpopulation of hepatocyte
      nodules with very high enzymatic activities. The activity of propionaldehyde:NAD
      aldehyde dehydrogenase activity as well as of gamma-glutamyltransferase did not
      show substantial internodular variations. The activity of benzaldehyde:NADP
      aldehyde dehydrogenase in individual carcinomas investigated in these experiments
      varied extensively. The data did not support the idea that all hepatomas had been
      developed from pre-neoplastic nodules with very high activity of this enzyme.

PMID- 4064246
TI  - Phorbol ester induced 1,2-diacylglycerol accumulation and protein phosphorylation
      in C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo cells.
AB  - Within 10 min of addition of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetra-decanoylphorbol-13
      acetate (TPA) to C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo fibroblasts, there is a two-fold
      increase in the level of cellular 1,2-diacylglycerol levels compared to controls.
      This increase in 1,2-diacylglycerol is dependent on the concentration of TPA
      added to the cell culture medium. The ability of macrocyclic diterpenes to induce
      1,2-diacylglycerol accumulation correlated with their tumor promoting activity
      except for mezerein. The accumulation of 1,2-diacylglycerol in response to TPA
      was not blocked by a concentration of cycloheximide sufficient to inhibit protein
      synthesis by 95%. These data support our previous suggestion that TPA activates a
      phospholipase C. During the same time period, TPA increased protein
      phosphorylation in both quiescent and growing cells. Proteins of mol. wt.
      approximately 50 000, 45 000, 35 000 and 27 000 are markedly phosphorylated in
      response to TPA in both growing and quiescent cultures. The relationship of these
      phosphorylated proteins to a Ca2+ phospholipid activated protein kinase remains
      to be determined.

PMID- 4064247
TI  - Carcinogen specificity in the activation of transforming genes by direct-acting
      alkylating agents.
AB  - DNAs from rat nasal and mouse skin carcinomas and fibrosarcomas induced by the
      alkylating agents methylmethane sulfonate (MMS), beta-propiolactone (BPL), and
      dimethylcarbamyl chloride (DMCC) were tested for their ability to transform
      NIH3T3 cells by DNA transfection. Each of eight MMS-induced rat nasal carcinomas
      and two of five BPL-induced mouse skin tumors were positive in the transfection
      assay while all of four fibrosarcomas and six carcinomas induced by DMCC were
      negative. Anchorage independent growth, tumorigenicity in nude mice, and
      secondary transfection confirmed the transformed phenotype of the positive
      transfectants. The transfectants from MMS-induced tumor DNAs did not contain
      restriction fragments homologous to rat H-, K- or N-ras oncogenes although
      exogenous (rat) tumor-derived DNA sequences were detected in transfectant genomes
      by Southern analysis. In contrast a BPL-induced mouse skin tumor showed evidence
      of containing activated H-ras. These results suggest specificity among causal
      chemical carcinogens for activation of transforming genes in experimental tumors.

PMID- 4064248
TI  - Polymorphic metabolism of the carcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene in human liver
      microsomes.
AB  - Two distinct phenotypes, slow and fast metabolizers, were observed for both
      metabolic activation and detoxification of the model chemical carcinogen, 2
      acetylaminofluorene, in human liver microsomes from 28 individuals. We observed
      that individuals who were fast activators of the carcinogen were in most cases
      also fast detoxifiers of the chemical. However, different phenotype patterns
      exist suggesting that fast activators of a toxin need not also be phenotyped as
      fast detoxifiers. Studies in this area may help understand whether certain
      individuals are predisposed to a higher rate of chemically-induced cancers.

PMID- 4064249
TI  - Chemical carcinogens as specific inducers of a 60-kilodalton oncofetal protein in
      rats.
AB  - A 60-kd oncofetal protein which is released to circulation in vivo from tumor
      cells, or from normal tissues following carcinogen-treatment, has been evaluated
      against single dose regimens of 18 known chemical carcinogens and 13 known
      chemical non-carcinogens. The carcinogens included genotoxic and presumed non
      genotoxic compounds and the blood plasma 21 days post-treatment of rats with the
      chemicals was measured. All carcinogens tested transiently induced the 60-kd
      factor, while none of the non-carcinogens, which included non-carcinogenic
      analogs or toxins, induced the factor. The results suggest that the early
      induction of this oncofetal protein may be an indicator of carcinogenicity. The
      induction of reversible phenotypic changes in normal cells by tumor promoters did
      not induce the 60-kd factor. Following the carcinogen-mediated transient
      induction, persistent production of the 60-kd factor occurred at later times if a
      tumor developed.

PMID- 4064250
TI  - Cytotoxicity, thiol depletion and inhibition of O6-methylguanine-DNA
      methyltransferase by various aldehydes in cultured human bronchial fibroblasts.
AB  - Lipid peroxidation aldehydes of the 4-hydroxy-alpha, beta-unsaturated type, as
      well as the tobacco-smoke related alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehyde, acrolein,
      were highly cytotoxic and decreased the intracellular thiol content in cultured
      human bronchial fibroblasts after treatment with micromolar concentrations. In
      comparison, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were less toxic and 100- to 300-fold
      higher doses were required to affect cell survival or thiol levels. The
      unsaturated aldehydes also markedly inhibited the DNA repair enzyme O6
      methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase known to have a cysteine residue in its
      active site, but had no effect on the activity of uracil-DNA glycosylase. Our
      results indicate that reactive aldehydes of either exogenous or endogenous origin
      have direct cytotoxic effects and may also make cells more susceptible to other
      toxic chemicals due to an impairment in cellular defense mechanisms, e.g., DNA
      repair and detoxification by systems requiring glutathione.

PMID- 4064252
TI  - Modulation of asialoglycoprotein receptor levels in rat liver by phenobarbital
      treatment.
AB  - The effect of the liver tumor promoter, phenobarbital, on the level of the
      asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) was examined in adult rat liver. ASGP-R, a
      liver-specific cell surface membrane protein, was studied using antibody against
      this receptor together with immunofluorescence techniques and radioreceptor assay
      with asialofetuin as the ligand. Both acute and chronic phenobarbital
      administration decreased the number of receptors per cell; partial hepatectomy
      had a similar effect on the number of receptors per cell. However, after
      phenobarbital administration, the receptor-deficient areas were centrilobular,
      whereas after partial hepatectomy, ASGP-R positive and negative areas were
      intermingled throughout the liver lobule but were most pronounced in the
      periportal area. Phenobarbital treatment, in contrast to its effect on the ASGP-R
      level, did not change the cell surface binding of concanavalin A on rat
      hepatocytes. Four days after birth the number of hepatocytes with surface
      receptors was 50% of that in the adult rats. At 10 days after birth the number of
      ASGP-R positive cells was the same as in adult rats, although the receptor
      density was significantly lower than in adults. Treatment with a single dose of
      chemical carcinogen one day after birth combined with promotion by phenobarbital
      resulted in a significant reduction of ASGP-Rs in pre-neoplastic and neoplastic
      areas of livers. Whereas the pre-neoplastic and neoplastic areas displayed
      uniform reduction in the ASGP-R, normal parts of the liver showed receptor
      deficiency primarily in the centrilobular areas.

PMID- 4064251
TI  - Metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene by cultured rat and human buccal mucosa cells.
AB  - Primary cultures of epithelial and fibroblast cells derived from human oral
      mucosa were studied for the ability to activate a tobacco smoke carcinogen,
      benzo[a]pyrene (BP). The cells were exposed to benzo[a]pyrene for 18 h. The cell
      free medium was extracted with ethylacetate/acetone, and high-pressure liquid
      chromatography analysis of this fraction revealed that BP tetrols and diols were
      the major metabolites formed by both epithelial and fibroblast cells. However,
      the epithelial cells had a much higher rate of biotransformation of BP as
      measured by binding to cellular DNA. The mean binding level to human buccal
      mucosal DNA was among the highest observed in stratified human epithelia. The
      major BP-DNA adduct was formed by the reaction of the 'bay-region' BP diolepoxide
      with the exocyclic 2-amino group in guanine. In contrast to human cells, BP
      phenols and BP 9,10-diol were the major metabolites produced by primary
      epithelial and fibroblast cells derived from rat buccal mucosa. The DNA binding
      levels of BP in the two rat cell types were identical, and the binding level was
      several-fold lower than in the human epithelial cells. When an established rat
      tongue epithelial cell line (RTE 2) was treated with polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons--BP and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene--a slight toxic effect was
      observed. Our results indicate that primary cultures of oral mucosa are able to
      metabolize BP into its ultimate carcinogenic form at a rate similar to or higher
      than other potential target tissues for BP-induced carcinogenesis.

PMID- 4064254
TI  - Formation and removal of dibenzo[a,e]fluoranthene-DNA adducts in mouse embryo
      fibroblasts.
AB  - In vivo binding of dibenzo[a,e]fluoranthene (DBF) to mouse embryo fibroblast DNA
      was compared with that observed previously in vitro on calf thymus DNA incubated
      with mouse liver microsomes. The h.p.l.c. elution patterns of the adducts formed
      by DBF metabolites with DNA and obtained in vivo at the optimal exposure time of
      42-48 h were qualitatively very similar to the patterns obtained in vitro, but
      their amplitude was quantitatively reduced. There are two striking differences
      between the in vivo and in vitro results. Firstly, the most polar peak A, very
      abundant in vitro, was absent in vivo. Secondly, the reactivity of the two major
      proximate metabolites of DBF, the bay and pseudo-bay region dihydrodiols, was
      very different in intact cells compared with the results in vitro. When incubated
      in vitro, pseudo-bay region dihydrodiol DBF was twice as reactive as bay region
      dihydrodiol DBF. The opposite reactivities were observed in vivo. The major DBF
      DNA adducts formed in vivo were collected in the peaks E, B and C. The
      predominant peak E contained DNA adducts of both bay and pseudo-bay region
      dihydrodiolepoxides which are the major ultimate metabolites of DBF in vivo and
      in vitro. The other two prominent peaks B and C contained DNA adducts of 3
      hydroxy DBF pseudo-bay region dihydrodiolepoxide and the 7-hydroxy DBF bay region
      dihydrodiolepoxide, respectively. After adduct formation, post incubation of
      fibroblasts for a further 48 h, in the absence of DBF, eliminated half the amount
      of adducts present. Peak B adducts were repaired more efficiently than those of
      peaks E, C D and F. The carcinogenic initiating activity of DBF appears to be a
      complex process in which several DNA adducts play a role.

PMID- 4064255
TI  - Effects of calcium(II) and magnesium(II) on nickel(II) uptake and stimulation of
      thymidine incorporation into DNA in the lungs of strain A mice.
AB  - The effect of calcium(II)acetate (CaAcet) and magnesium(II) acetate (MgAcet) on
      nickel(II) uptake in the lungs of strain A mice and on the nickel(II)-induced
      changes in the pulmonary DNA synthesis were studied in order to elucidate the
      mechanism(s) of inhibitory action of CaAcet and MgAcet upon nickel(II)
      tumorigenesis. Male strain A mice received a total of three i.p. injections, one
      every second day, of nickel(II)acetate (NiAcet), CaAcet, or MgAcet alone, or
      combined in a common solution. The single doses were 43 mumol NiAcet and 430
      mumol CaAcet or MgAcet/kg body weight. To determine the uptake of nickel(II) by
      the lungs and pulmonary subcellular fractions, NiAcet labelled with 63Ni was used
      and the mice were sacrificed 2 days after the last injection. The [14C]thymidine
      uptake by the pulmonary DNA was determined at 6 h and 1-12 days after the last
      injection of metal salt(s). CaAcet increased nickel(II) uptake by the pulmonary
      cell mitochondria by 30%, microsomes by 40% and cytosol by 15%, compared with
      mice given NiAcet alone; nuclear nickel(II) levels were not affected. MgAcet
      decreased nickel(II) uptake in the nuclei by 15% and cytosol by 25%, and had no
      effect on the uptake by mitochondria and microsomes. A significant decrease of
      thymidine incorporation into pulmonary DNA was produced by NiAcet alone and
      CaAcet alone at 6 h to 2 days after the injection, followed by a single round of
      increased thymidine incorporation between days 3 and 6 after the injection. The
      mixture of NiAcet and CaAcet significantly increased the thymidine incorporation
      into pulmonary DNA without its prodromal decrease. MgAcet alone had no influence
      on the uptake of thymidine into DNA, except for a slight increase on day 5; but
      administered together with NiAcet it completely prevented the effects of
      nickel(II) upon thymidine incorporation. The results provide evidence that
      MgAcet, but not CaAcet, may inhibit tumorigenicity of NiAcet in the lungs of
      strain A mice by suppressing uptake of nickel(II) by the pulmonary cell nuclei
      and soluble fractions, and by preventing the effects of NiAcet on pulmonary DNA
      synthesis.

PMID- 4064253
TI  - Lectin binding affinities of induced pancreatic lesions in the hamster model.
AB  - We examined the binding pattern of nine lectins to N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine
      (BOP)-induced pancreatic lesions in Syrian hamsters. These lectins were Arachis
      hypogaea (PNA), Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Griffonia simplicifolia I (GS-I), Helix
      aspersa (HAA), Helix pomatia (HPA), Sophora japonica (SJA), Ricinus communis I
      (RCA-I), Triticum vulgaris (WGA) and Ulex europaeus I (UEA-I). All of the lectins
      reacted in untreated control hamsters to varying intensities with cytoplasmic
      components of acinar cells. GS-I, HPA, RCA-I and UEA-I bound to the basolateral
      surface and PNA, HAA and HPA to the luminal surface of these cells. All but GS-I,
      RCA-I and UEA-I stained the cytoplasm of islet cells diffusely. In untreated
      control hamsters, some ductal cells bound PNA, HAA and RCA-I, whereas these cells
      reacted negatively to the remaining six lectins. Ductular cells did not bind any
      of the nine lectins. Hyperplastic ductal cells in untreated hamsters were
      reactive with all nine lectins; however the intensity of the reactivity, cellular
      localization and extent differed for each lectin. In carcinogen-treated hamsters,
      the binding pattern of the lectins to acinar and islet cells did not differ
      significantly from that in untreated hamsters, whereas cells of induced ductal
      and ductular lesions bound each of the lectins in different patterns and
      intensities. The reaction of UEA-I to induced lesions was most consistent,
      specific and strong, thereby indicating the presence of L-fucose in glycoproteins
      produced by altered cells. Although the binding affinity of the lectins to
      induced hyperplastic lesions differed in both a quantitative and qualitative
      fashion, all dysplastic and malignant lesions were reactive to each lectin. This
      result indicates a heterogeneity in the carbohydrate structure of the
      glycoproteins produced by pancreatic cells during carcinogenicity.

PMID- 4064256
TI  - Depletion of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase in human fibroblasts
      increases the mutagenic response to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.
AB  - We showed previously that resistance of a series of human fibroblast cell lines
      to the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
      (MNNG) is highly correlated with their level of O6-methylguanine-DNA
      methyltransferase (MT) activity. In the present study, MT activity in normal
      fibroblasts was decreased to between 40 and 20% of the constitutive level by 15
      or 24 h exposure of the cells to exogenous O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG). MT-depleted
      and non-depleted populations were then challenged with various doses of MNNG and
      assayed for cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. At every dose the frequency of 6
      thioguanine resistant cells induced by MNNG was higher in the MT-depleted
      populations than in the controls. Since the MT activity in these cells does not
      remove methyl from the O4 position of thymine, these results strongly support the
      hypothesis that O6-methylguanine is the principal mutagenic lesion induced by
      MNNG. Cells with decreased levels of MT were not significantly more sensitive to
      the cytotoxic effect of MNNG. If O6-methylguanine is a potentially cytotoxic
      lesion, this lack of increased sensitivity may reflect the fact that regeneration
      of MT protein occurred rapidly enough to remove these lesions before they
      resulted in cell death (i.e., inability to form a clone). Consistent with this
      explanation is the fact that 7 h after removal of the exogenous O6-MeG, the level
      of MT activity had regenerated to 51% of normal; by 18 h, it was 65% of normal.

PMID- 4064257
TI  - The relationships of high energy phosphates, tissue pH, and regional blood flow
      to diastolic distensibility in the ischemic dog myocardium.
AB  - Myocardial ischemia due to increased oxygen demand (pacing tachycardia plus
      critical coronary stenoses) alters diastolic distensibility and relaxation more
      than ischemia of comparable duration due to coronary occlusion. To investigate
      the relationship between myocardial diastolic function and metabolism, we
      compared myocardial high energy phosphate content, tissue pH, and regional blood
      flow for these two types of ischemia in anesthetized open-chest dogs. Myocardial
      biopsies were done with a high-speed air-turbine biopsy drill, permitting rapid
      (less than 1-second) freezing of tissue samples from both nonischemic and
      ischemic areas, while myocardial pH was measured with a hydrogen ion-selective
      polymer membrane implanted in the subendocardium. After 3 minutes of pacing
      tachycardia in dogs with critical coronary stenoses (demand-type ischemia, n =
      14), regional systolic function (% segment shortening by ultrasonic crystals) was
      mildly depressed (from 19 +/- 2% control to 13 +/- 2% post-pacing, P less than
      0.01), while left ventricular diastolic pressure-segment length relations shifted
      upward, indicating decreased distensibility of the ischemic myocardial segment.
      Associated with these changes in function, subendocardial adenosine triphosphate
      decreased (from 31.3 +/- 1.5 to 27.9 +/- 1.0 nmol/mg protein, P less than 0.01),
      as did creatine phosphate (53.8 +/- 2.1 to 39.6 +/- 2.5 nmol/mg protein, P less
      than 0.01), while myocardial pH declined slightly (delta pH = -0.14 +/- 0.02, P
      less than 0.01). In contrast, at 3 minutes of coronary artery occlusion (primary
      ischemia, n = 14), regional segment shortening was replaced by systolic bulging
      (% shortening decreased from 17 +/- 2% to -2 +/- 1% during occlusion, P less than
      0.01), while left ventricular pressure-segment length relations were not shifted
      upward, and there was no decrease in diastolic distensibility of the ischemic
      segment. With coronary artery occlusion, subendocardial adenosine triphosphate
      declined slightly (33.2 +/- 0.5 to 29.2 +/- 2.0 nmol/mg, P less than 0.05), while
      creatine phosphate decreased substantially (51.1 +/- 2.3 to 7.8 +/- 1.4 nmol/mg
      protein, P less than 0.01). Myocardial pH fell strikingly (delta pH = -0.33 +/-
      0.03, P less than 0.01), and the decline was 236% of that seen with demand-type
      ischemia. Regional myocardial blood flow (microsphere technique) showed a
      decreased endocardial:epicardial (endo:epi) ratio (1.04 +/- 0.04 control vs. 0.40
      +/- 0.05 during pacing, P less than 0.01) and absolute subendocardial flow (1.02
      +/- 0.47 to 0.47 +/- 0.05 ml/min per g, P less than 0.01) with demand-type
      ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4064258
TI  - Frequency, amplitude, and propagation velocity of spontaneous Ca++-dependent
      contractile waves in intact adult rat cardiac muscle and isolated myocytes.
AB  - Spontaneous contractile waves due to spontaneous calcium cycling by the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum occur in unstimulated bulk rat papillary muscle and single
      rat cardiac myocytes with intact sarcolemmal function. We used video analytic
      techniques to quantify the wave characteristics in both bulk muscle and myocytes;
      laser-light scattering techniques were also employed in muscle. In muscle bathed
      in physiological concentrations of calcium, the true periodicity of these waves
      was a fraction of 1 Hz and increased up to several hertz with increases in cell
      calcium. This was paralleled by an increase in the frequency of scattered laser
      light intensity fluctuations. In myocytes, a range of spontaneous contractile
      wave frequencies similar to that which occurred in the muscle was observed; it
      could be demonstrated that an increase in superfusate calcium concentrations (2
      15 mM at 23 degrees C) increases the oscillation frequency but not amplitude. In
      both myocytes and muscle, low concentrations of caffeine (0.5 mM) and higher
      temperature increased the oscillation frequency but diminished their amplitude.
      However, the scattered light fluctuations did not change with temperature and
      decreased with caffeine. These results demonstrate that (1) the true frequency of
      spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum oscillations in the unstimulated rat muscle
      and single myocytes with intact sarcolemmal function is low, i.e., a fraction of
      a hertz; (2) with cell calcium loading, the oscillation frequency accelerates to
      those frequencies measured previously in the "calcium overload" state; (3) while
      scattered light fluctuations which sample myofilament motion are a sensitive,
      noninvasive method of detecting the oscillations in bulk muscle, they can be
      insensitive to the divergent changes in oscillation amplitude and frequency.

PMID- 4064259
TI  - The interaction of convection and diffusion in the transport of 131I-albumin
      within the media of the rabbit thoracic aorta.
AB  - The interaction of convection and diffusion in the transport of 131I-labeled
      albumin within the wall of rabbit thoracic aorta was studied in vessels excised
      at in vivo length. They were pressurized with a solution containing no tracer and
      immersed in a solution containing labeled albumin. The label then entered the
      wall tissue via the adventitia and had to diffuse against the convective flux
      which occurred from the lumen to the adventitia. Experiments were performed on
      intact and deendothelialized vessels pressurized to 70 and 180 mm Hg. At the end
      of each experiment the vessels were subjected to sequential frozen sectioning
      parallel to the lumenal surface. The radioactivity of the 20-micron-thick
      sections was determined and expressed as a tissue:labeled solution concentration
      ratio. Transmural profiles of these ratios were thus obtained. The steady state
      was found to be achieved by about 90 minutes. When the convection was enhanced by
      removal of the endothelium, the average ratios were lower than when the
      endothelium was intact, and the profile was much flatter. The results suggest
      that convection influenced macromolecular transport within the arterial wall,
      even in vessels with intact endothelium.

PMID- 4064260
TI  - Volume regulation and plasma membrane injury in aerobic, anaerobic, and ischemic
      myocardium in vitro. Effects of osmotic cell swelling on plasma membrane
      integrity.
AB  - The relationship between cell swelling and plasma membrane disruption has been
      evaluated in thin myocardial slices incubated in oxygenated or anoxic Krebs
      Ringer phosphate media. Electron microscopy and measurements of inulin-diffusible
      space were used to monitor plasma membrane integrity. Inulin is excluded from the
      intracellular space of intact cells; therefore, an increase in tissue inulin
      content is an excellent marker of loss of plasma membrane integrity. Cell volume
      was increased during exposure of aerobic slices to hypotonic media, but the
      inulin-diffusible space was not increased and electron micrographs showed no
      detectable plasma membrane alterations. Likewise, during prolonged anoxic
      isotonic incubation, no evidence of plasma membrane damage was observed.
      Incubation in anoxic hypotonic media for 60 minutes resulted in a larger increase
      in cell volume than under aerobic conditions, but plasma membrane integrity was
      maintained. Extended anoxic hypotonic incubation (300 minutes) produced no
      further change in tissue water, but the inulin-diffusible space was increased and
      electron micrographs revealed breaks in the plasma membranes primarily in
      association with large subsarcolemmal blebs. Likewise, myocardial slices
      incubated in isotonic anoxic media for 240 minutes and hypotonic anoxic media for
      60 minutes had an increased inulin-diffusible space and the ultrastructural
      appearance was similar. This ultrastructural appearance is indistinguishable from
      that observed in myocytes lethally injured by ischemia. Measurements of tissue
      osmolarity during total ischemia showed that osmotically induced cell swelling
      could occur in ischemic myocardium prior to the onset of plasma membrane
      disruption. Our results indicate that cell swelling per se is incapable of
      rupturing plasma membranes; however, after prolonged periods of energy
      deficiency, the plasma membrane or its cytoskeletal scaffold become injured,
      which allows the membrane to rupture if the cell is swollen, as might occur
      during ischemia or reperfusion.

PMID- 4064261
TI  - Calcium-dependent enhancement of myocardial diastolic tone and energy utilization
      dissociates systolic work and oxygen consumption during low sodium perfusion.
AB  - The relationships and correlations among functional, metabolic, and ionic
      consequences of low sodium perfusion were studied in isovolumic, retrograde
      aortic perfused working rat hearts by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, oxygen
      consumption, and atomic absorption spectrometry. Reduction of perfusate sodium
      from 144 to 74, 51, 39, and 25 mM in four separate groups of hearts via lithium
      substitution for 15 minutes decreased cell sodium to mean values of 62, 51, 43,
      and 36 mumol/g dry weight, respectively (P less than 0.001 vs. control of 107).
      There was a transient rise and then a fall in developed pressure and a decline in
      phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate, all of which were graded and
      correlated with perfusate sodium (P less than 0.01 for all parameters vs.
      perfusate sodium). This was accompanied by a 2- to 7-fold elevation of diastolic
      pressure while oxygen consumption remained near control levels. All parameters
      except adenosine triphosphate returned toward baseline values when normal
      perfusate sodium was reintroduced. Although cell calcium as measured by atomic
      absorption spectrometry did not differ among the groups, the functional and
      metabolic changes did not occur if the sodium steps were performed in reduced
      perfusate calcium (0.08 mM). In hearts in which systolic function was obliterated
      by verapamil, exposure to zero sodium caused a 4-fold increase in oxygen
      consumption, an increase in diastolic pressure, and a reduction of high energy
      phosphates. In the presence of ryanodine, a specific inhibitor of sarcoplasmic
      reticulum calcium release, the metabolic changes did not occur, and the excess
      oxygen consumption in zero sodium was substantially reduced. Thus, the effect of
      lowered perfusate sodium in beating hearts, i.e., to dissociate oxygen
      consumption and systolic function, and to increase diastolic pressure and its
      effect in arrested hearts to increase oxygen consumption, are calcium dependent,
      energy consuming, and modulated by sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium cycling.

PMID- 4064262
TI  - Peripheral dopamine synthesis and metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - We have studied several parameters of peripheral dopamine synthesis and
      metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats during the development of
      hypertension. Compared to Wistar-Kyoto rats, there was an increased dopamine
      content in 8-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats in the adrenals (1.6 +/-
      0.1 vs. 1.2 +/- 0.1 nmol/pair in Wistar-Kyoto rats) and kidneys (97 +/- 12 vs. 63
      +/- 7 pmol/g tissue in Wistar-Kyoto rats), but the dopamine content in peripheral
      organs from normotensive 4-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats did not
      differ from Wistar-Kyoto rats. In the heart, the dopamine increase was observed
      in 14-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (systolic blood pressure:
      spontaneously hypertensive rats, 189 +/- 9; Wistar-Kyoto rats, 106 +/- 2 mm Hg;)
      in both atrium (spontaneously hypertensive rats, 133 +/- 14; Wistar-Kyoto rats,
      86 +/- 20 pmol/g tissue) and ventricle (spontaneously hypertensive rats, 41 +/-
      6; Wistar-Kyoto rats, 23 +/- 5 pmol/g tissue). Urinary free dopamine and
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, but not norepinephrine or normetanephrine, in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats significantly increased between the ages of 7 and
      11 weeks, reflecting the dopamine changes in tissue and suggesting a selective
      increase of the rate of dopamine synthesis and release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4064264
TI  - Comments on "Relationship between myocardial fiber direction and segment
      shortening in the midwall of the canine left ventricle".

PMID- 4064263
TI  - Active transendothelial transport of albumin. Interstitium to lumen.
AB  - Cultured porcine pulmonary artery endothelial monolayers actively transport
      albumin from interstitium to lumen. The active process favors interstitial to
      luminal transport by a factor of 10 even in the face of a 2:1
      luminal:interstitial albumin gradient. The active process is abolished by
      treatment with 1 mM sodium cyanide. Dextran is not actively transported. This
      process could be important in determining transvascular fluid balance and
      transfer of macromolecules across the endothelium.

PMID- 4064265
TI  - Physicians confront the nuclear peril.

PMID- 4064266
TI  - The virtual disappearance of rheumatic fever in the United States: lessons in the
      rise and fall of disease. T. Duckett Jones memorial lecture.

PMID- 4064267
TI  - Significance of cardiac defects in the developing fetus: a study of spontaneous
      abortuses.
AB  - We investigated the impact of heart defects on the developing human fetus by
      examining 412 hearts from consecutive spontaneous abortuses. In each case, the
      cardiac morphology was correlated with the autopsy findings and the karyotype
      (unavailable in 115 hearts not successfully cultured). Of the 412 hearts, 10
      (2.4%) contained structural defects (six ventricular septal defects, one atrial
      septal defect with ventricular septal defect, and one each coarctation,
      atrioventricular septal defect, and tetralogy of Fallot). Only one of 10 had
      major extracardiac malformations. Of the 277 fetuses with normal karyotype, three
      (1.1%) had heart defects. Of the 20 fetuses with abnormal karyotype, four (20%)
      had heart defects. In the remaining three fetuses with heart defects, the
      karyotype was not obtained. Thus (1) 57% of spontaneous abortuses with congenital
      heart defects contained major chromosomal abnormalities, (2) the spectrum of
      heart defects among spontaneous abortuses was similar to that among liveborns,
      and (3) since the prevalence of heart defects among fetuses without other major
      abnormalities was similar to that among liveborns, heart defects alone may not
      jeopardize the survival of a developing fetus.

PMID- 4064268
TI  - Effect of isotonic exercise training on left ventricular volume during upright
      exercise.
AB  - To determine the changes in left ventricular volume and their time course during
      exercise we studied 30 runners. Left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic
      volumes were measured from biapical two-dimensional echocardiograms recorded
      during graded upright bicycle exercise. The validity of this echocardiographic
      technique was assessed by comparing measurements at rest and exercise with
      results obtained by gated equilibrium radionuclide angiography in 10 patients
      with coronary artery disease. Although the absolute volume measurements were
      lower by echocardiography, ejection fraction was not significantly different and
      the directional changes in volume during exercise were comparable. In the
      runners, resting left ventricular end-diastolic volume measurements by
      echocardiography correlated with their maximum bicycle exercise endurance times
      (r = .80). Left ventricular end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, and ejection
      fraction increased during exercise with the most marked changes occurring in the
      first half of exercise. Systolic blood pressure/end-systolic volume (SBP/ESV)
      also increased during exercise, but the largest change occurred during the second
      half of exercise. Left ventricular volumes were larger in the 12 competitive
      marathon runners (maximum exercise duration greater than or equal to 27 min) as
      compared with the 18 noncompetitive runners (exercise duration less than or equal
      to 23 min): resting end-diastolic volume 130 +/- 29 (SD) ml vs 87 +/- 20 ml (p
      less than .001), respectively. During exercise the competitive runners exhibited
      a larger increase in end-diastolic volume and the noncompetitive athletes showed
      a greater increase in SBP/ESV. Therefore, highly trained competitive marathon
      runners make greater use of the less energy-consuming Frank-Starling mechanism to
      accomplish high levels of isotonic exercise performance as compared with less
      well-trained runners.

PMID- 4064269
TI  - Survival and functional results after valve replacement for aortic regurgitation
      from 1976 to 1983: impact of preoperative left ventricular function.
AB  - Recent studies suggest that preoperative left ventricular function may no longer
      be an important determinant of survival or functional results after operation for
      aortic regurgitation because of improved operative techniques. To assess the
      effect of left ventricular function on prognosis in the current surgical era, we
      performed echocardiographic and radionuclide angiographic studies in 80
      consecutive patients undergoing valve replacement from 1976 to 1983. No patient
      had associated coronary artery disease. For all patients, 5 year survival was 83
      +/- 5%, significantly better than the 62 +/- 9% 5 year survival in our patients
      operated on from 1972 to 1976. Preoperative resting left ventricular ejection
      fraction (p less than .001), fractional shortening (p less than .001), and end
      systolic dimension (p less than .01) were the most significant predictors of
      survival (univariate life-table analysis). Five year survival was 63 +/- 12% in
      patients with subnormal ejection fraction (n = 50) compared with 96 +/- 3% in
      those with normal ejection fraction (n = 30). Patients with subnormal left
      ventricular ejection fraction and poor exercise tolerance or prolonged duration
      of left ventricular dysfunction (greater than 18 months) comprised the high-risk
      subgroup (5 year survival 52 +/- 11%). Patients in this subgroup also had
      persistent left ventricular dysfunction after operation, with greater left
      ventricular end-diastolic dimensions and reduced ejection fraction (both p less
      than .001) compared with patients with normal preoperative left ventricular
      ejection fraction or a brief duration of left ventricular dysfunction (less than
      14 months). Cold hyperkalemic cardioplegia was used for myocardial preservation
      in 46 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4064270
TI  - Regional wave travel and reflections along the human aorta: a study with six
      simultaneous micromanometric pressures.
AB  - The human aorta and its terminal branches were investigated in normal subjects
      during elective cardiac catheterization to evaluate regional wave travel and
      arterial wave reflections. A specially designed catheter with six micromanometers
      equally spaced at 10 cm intervals was positioned with the tip sensor in the
      distal external iliac artery and the proximal sensor in the aortic arch.
      Simultaneous pressures were obtained and analyzed for foot-to-foot wave velocity,
      and Fourier analysis was used to derive apparent phase velocity. These quantities
      were assessed during control (n = 9), during Valsalva (n = 8) and Muller (n = 4)
      maneuvers, and during femoral artery occlusion by bilateral manual compression (n
      = 8). During control, regional cross-sectional areas, determined from
      aortography, and regional foot-to-foot pulse wave velocities were used to
      calculate the local reflection coefficient in the proximal descending aorta
      (gamma = 0.05), at the junction of the renal arteries (gamma = 0.43), and at the
      terminal aortic bifurcation (gamma = 0.13). To test the hypothesis that
      significant reflections originate in the aorta, at the level of the renal
      arteries, aortograms were used to design a latex tube model with geometric
      properties similar to the descending aorta. Velocities and reflection
      characteristics in the model and in vivo were compared. Inspection of thoracic
      aortic pressures under control conditions revealed a reflected wave originating
      from the region of the aorta at the level of the renal arterial branches while
      abdominal pressures exhibited reflection from a site peripheral to the terminal
      aortic bifurcation. In the low frequency range, apparent phase velocity was found
      to be higher proximal to the renal arteries as compared with at the distal sites.
      In addition, the minimum value occurred at a higher frequency in the lower
      thoracic aorta than at more distal sites. The effects of reflection on apparent
      wave velocity in the tube model were consistent with data obtained in vivo. The
      Valsalva maneuver diminished the reflection from the aortic region of the renal
      arteries, thus allowing the distal reflected wave to become more evident on the
      thoracic pressure waveforms. Bilateral femoral artery occlusion usually enhanced
      the distal reflection and the Muller maneuver usually resulted in small increases
      in reflections. In conclusion, the geometric and elastic nonuniformity of the
      aorta results in two major sites of arterial wave reflection that influence the
      aortic pressure waveforms in man.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4064271
TI  - The pressure-flow response of the pulmonary circulation in patients with heart
      failure and pulmonary vascular disease.
AB  - Although it is well known that the pulmonary circulation is altered in patients
      with pulmonary arterial or venous hypertension, the resultant hemodynamic
      behavior has not been systematically studied. We undertook to do so in a group of
      patients with pulmonary hypertension of diverse etiology. We measured pulmonary
      arterial (PAP) and occlusive wedge pressures and cardiac output at rest (i.e.,
      standing) and during progressive upright treadmill exercise in 51 patients. Forty
      two had chronic, stable, cardiac failure secondary to ischemic, myopathic or
      valvular heart disease and were grouped according to whether their mean PAP was
      less than (normotensive) or greater than (hypertensive) 19 mm Hg, and nine had
      pulmonary vascular disease of diverse etiology and were considered separately. In
      the majority of patients, we found that irrespective of whether the hypertension
      was arterial or venous in origin or etiology: the mean PAP-flow relationship was
      linear; pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was greater than or equal to the
      average closure pressure of the pulmonary vascular bed and could therefore be
      used as the downstream pressure in calculating pulmonary vascular resistance; and
      pulmonary vascular resistance declined with exercise. Notable exceptions to the
      third observation were patients with valvular heart disease or a resting
      pulmonary vascular resistance greater than 800 dyne-sec-cm-5.

PMID- 4064272
TI  - Right ventricular function in an operating room model of mechanical left
      ventricular assistance and its effects in patients with depressed left
      ventricular function.
AB  - Approximately 20% of patients who receive left ventricular assist devices (LVADs)
      for refractory cardiac failure after open heart surgery have had complications of
      right ventricular failure. To evaluate this problem in the diseased heart we
      simulated an LVAD in the operating room by bypassing and unloading the left
      ventricle with the heart-lung machine before routine open heart surgery. Right
      ventricular function was assessed in 12 patients with preoperative left
      ventricular ejection fractions of less than 0.55 (poor left ventricular function)
      (mean +/- SEM 0.40 +/- 0.03) and 10 patients with ejection fractions greater than
      0.55 (normal left ventricular function) (0.63 +/- 0.02). Measurements before and
      during left ventricular bypass in the normal left ventricular function group
      revealed no change in cardiac output (from 5.7 +/- 0.6 to 5.8 +/- 0.4
      liters/min), with a decrease in right ventricular end-diastolic pressure (from 8
      +/- 2 to 6 +/- 1 mm Hg). However, in the poor left ventricular function group,
      cardiac output was increased significantly during left ventricular bypass from
      4.5 +/- 0.2 to 5.3 +/- 0.4 liters/min and right ventricular end-diastolic
      pressure was decreased significantly from 13 +/- 2 to 8 +/- 2 mm Hg. During
      bypass there were significant reductions in mean pulmonary arterial pressure from
      17 +/- 3 to 10 +/- 2 mm Hg in the normal left ventricular function group and from
      27 +/- 3 to 12 +/- 2 mm Hg in the poor left ventricular function group. These
      measurements reflect passive changes in pulmonary pressures due to reductions in
      left ventricular filling pressure during left ventricular bypass.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4064273
TI  - Intermittent failure of local conduction during ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Forty-three patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) caused by prior
      myocardial infarction underwent intraoperative endocardial activation mapping
      during a total of 122 episodes of VT. Electrograms obtained during mapping were
      analyzed to determine the prevalence of local conduction failure during VT
      (defined as a portion of the local electrogram that did not repeat with every
      tachycardia cycle). Local conduction failure during VT was observed in 37 (86%)
      patients and 73 (65%) tachycardias. VT in which local conduction failure was
      observed were faster than VTs without local conduction failure (cycle length 315
      vs 345 msec; p less than .05). Local conduction failure occurred most frequently
      at or near sites having the earliest recorded electrical activity during VT
      ("site of origin"). Twenty-three patients also had sinus rhythm endocardial
      mapping at the time of surgery. Areas with abnormal or fractionated electrograms
      in sinus rhythm were more likely to demonstrate local conduction failure in VT
      than areas with normal electrograms in sinus rhythm (16% vs 8%; p less than .01).
      Although the mechanism responsible for local conduction failure in VT is unclear,
      it is a common occurrence and is significant in that it can occasionally mimic
      "early" sites of endocardial activation, unless enough VT cycles are observed at
      a given site.

PMID- 4064274
TI  - Further observations on transient entrainment: importance of pacing site and
      properties of the components of the reentry circuit.
AB  - Transient entrainment of circus-movement tachycardia utilizing an
      atrioventricular (AV) bypass pathway was studied in 13 patients (nine with the
      orthodromic form, two with the antidromic form, and two with both the orthodromic
      and antidromic forms). All patients had a left-sided AV bypass pathway. Pacing at
      selected rates faster than the spontaneous rate was performed during the
      tachycardia at a site proximal or distal to the AV node, an area of slow
      conduction within the reentry loop. Rapid pacing from a site proximal to the AV
      node (from the right atrium during the orthodromic form of the arrhythmia or the
      right ventricle during the antidromic form of the arrhythmia) always demonstrated
      at least one of the three entrainment criteria: constant fusion beats except for
      the last captured beat, which was entrained but not fused (first criterion);
      progressive fusion (second criterion); localized conduction block to a site(s)
      for 1 paced beat associated with interruption of the tachycardia followed by
      activation of that site(s) by the next paced beat from a different direction and
      with a shorter conduction time (third criterion). In contrast, rapid pacing from
      a site distal to the AV node (from the right ventricle during the orthodromic
      form of the arrhythmia, or the right atrium during the antidromic form of the
      arrhythmia) transiently entrained the tachycardia, but never demonstrated any
      entrainment criteria because the antidromic wave front from the pacing impulse
      always blocked in the AV node (concealed entrainment). We conclude that the
      location of the pacing site relative to the components of a reentry loop is
      critical to the demonstration of the criteria of transient entrainment; i.e., if
      it is proximal to an area of slow conduction and/or unidirectional block within a
      reentry loop, transient entrainment should be demonstrable, but if it is distal,
      it will not be demonstrable.

PMID- 4064275
TI  - Abnormal signal-averaged electrocardiograms in patients with nonischemic
      congestive cardiomyopathy: relationship to sustained ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias.
AB  - We assessed whether signal-averaged electrocardiography could identify patients
      with sustained ventricular arrhythmias in 41 patients with non-ischemic
      cardiomyopathy. Twelve of these patients presented with sustained ventricular
      arrhythmia and 29 patients had no history of sustained ventricular arrhythmias.
      The mean ejection fractions in the groups were 30 +/- 9% and 24 +/- 9%,
      respectively. Results were compared with signal-averaged electrocardiograms in 55
      normal individuals. The filtered QRS duration was longest in patients with
      sustained ventricular arrhythmias (130.2 +/- 19.5 vs 105.0 +/- 13.1 msec in the
      group without sustained ventricular arrhythmia, p less than .001 and 95.9 +/- 9.1
      in the normal group, p less than .001). The voltage in the last 40 msec of the
      filtered QRS was lower in the sustained ventricular arrhythmia group (11.3 +/-
      9.3 microV) than the group without sustained ventricular arrhythmia (53.5 +/-
      28.3 microV; p less than .001) or the normal group (53.7 +/- 25.2 microV; p less
      than .001). Eighty-three percent of patients in the sustained ventricular
      arrhythmia group had an abnormal signal-averaged electrocardiogram characterized
      by both a long filtered QRS duration and a late potential of low voltage level;
      only 2% of normal subjects and 14% of patients without sustained ventricular
      arrhythmias had an abnormal signal-averaged electrocardiogram. The signal
      averaged electrocardiogram can identify patients with nonischemic congestive
      cardiomyopathy and sustained ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 4064276
TI  - The hypotensive effect of intravenous streptokinase in patients with acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - We studied the hypotensive effect of a rapid intravenous infusion of high-dose
      streptokinase in 98 patients with an acute myocardial infarction. The systolic
      blood pressure fell from 132 +/- 20 (range 90 to 174) to 97 +/- 21 mm Hg (range
      58 to 152) at 15 +/- 8 min (range 4 to 40) after the commencement of the
      streptokinase infusion (p less than .001). A fall in diastolic blood pressure
      from 80 +/- 16 (range 51 to 105) to 61 +/- 15 mm Hg (range 32 to 92) accompanied
      the fall in systolic pressure (p less than .001). The fall in blood pressure was
      associated with an increase in heart rate (73 +/- 14 to 78 +/- 17 beats/min, p
      less than .001), preceded the appearance of clinical signs of reperfusion by 37
      +/- 38 min and was similar in magnitude and timing in patients with anterior and
      inferior infarction. There were direct relationships between the rate of infusion
      of streptokinase and both the magnitude (r = .49, p less than .001) and the rate
      of fall of systolic blood pressure (r = .67, p less than .001) as well as both
      the magnitude and rate of fall of diastolic blood pressure. In most patients, the
      fall in blood pressure was transient (9 +/- 6 min, range = 2 to 30) and easily
      managed by slowing or stopping the infusion, placing the patient in the
      Trendelenburg position, or by administering an infusion of low-dose
      norepinephrine or dopamine. However, in four patients with severe left
      ventricular dysfunction, severe hypotension persisted for more than 60
      min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4064277
TI  - Comparative effects of volume loading, dobutamine, and nitroprusside in patients
      with predominant right ventricular infarction.
AB  - To assess the value of volume loading and to determine the relative efficacy of
      dobutamine compared with nitroprusside therapy in acute right ventricular
      infarction (RVMI), 13 patients with clinical, hemodynamic, and radionuclide
      angiographic evidence of RVMI were evaluated. In 10 patients who had an initial
      pulmonary arterial wedge pressure less than 18 mm Hg, volume loading did not
      improve cardiac index (1.9 +/- 0.5 [SD] to 2.1 +/- 0.4 liters/min/m2), despite
      significant increases in mean right atrial pressure (11 +/- 2 to 15 +/- 2 mm Hg,
      p less than .001) and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (10 +/- 4 to 15 +/- 2 mm
      Hg, p less than .001). Nine patients received dobutamine or nitroprusside in
      random order, while hemodynamic measurements and radionuclide angiograms were
      obtained simultaneously. Compared with nitroprusside, dobutamine produced a
      statistically significant increase in cardiac index (2.0 +/- 0.4 to 2.7 +/- 0.5
      vs 2.1 +/- 0.4 to 2.3 +/- 0.5 liters/min/m2, p less than .001), stroke volume
      index (29 +/- 6 to 36 +/- 8 vs 29 +/- 6 to 30 +/- 6 ml/m2, p = .02), and right
      ventricular ejection fraction (30 +/- 8% to 42 +/- 7% vs 34 +/- 8% to 37 +/- 4%,
      p less than .01) by two-way analysis of variance. We conclude that volume loading
      does not improve cardiac index in patients with acute RVMI despite a rise in
      cardiac filling pressures and that infusion of dobutamine, after appropriate
      volume loading, produces a significant improvement in cardiac index and right
      ventricular ejection fraction over those after infusion of nitroprusside.

PMID- 4064278
TI  - Treatment of canine permeability pulmonary edema: short-term effects of
      dobutamine, furosemide, and hydralazine.
AB  - The effects of treatment of oleic acid pulmonary edema with dobutamine,
      furosemide, and hydralazine on cardiopulmonary function in 24 dogs were
      investigated. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) was adjusted to
      approximately 7 mm Hg; 45 min after oleic acid (0.08 ml/kg), dogs were randomly
      divided into a control group, in which PCWP was maintained at approximately 7 mm
      Hg, and into treatment groups as described above. Mean time-averaged PCWP was 2.3
      mm Hg in dogs treated with dobutamine, 4.1 mm Hg with furosemide, and 4.4 mm Hg
      with hydralazine. Four hours of treatment with dobutamine and furosemide
      significantly (p less than .01) reduced accumulation of lung water compared with
      the control and hydralazine groups. Qs/Qt was lower (p less than .05) with
      dobutamine and furosemide compared with the other groups. In dogs given
      hydralazine, cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) remained
      constant over the 4 hr treatment interval. In contrast, in all other groups, SVR
      increased and CO decreased (both p less than .05). The short-term pulmonary
      effects of the above drugs are probably explained by differences in PCWP and/or
      by regional pulmonary vascular effects.

PMID- 4064279
TI  - Correlation between refractory periods and activation-recovery intervals from
      electrograms: effects of rate and adrenergic interventions.
AB  - Unipolar electrograms from ventricular epicardium in dogs were analyzed for the
      timing of local excitation and repolarization with computer assistance. The most
      rapid decrease in voltage in the QRS (dV/dt min) was used to determine local
      excitation time, and the maximum rate of voltage increase (dV/dt max) near the
      peak of the T wave was used to time local repolarization. The difference between
      dV/dt min and dV/dt max, the activation-recovery interval, is theoretically
      related to the net effect of the durations of the action potentials at that site.
      Paired data for refractory periods and activation-recovery intervals obtained
      from the same electrodes during fixed activation orders were obtained before and
      during repolarization changes induced by changes in cycle length, infusion of
      norepinephrine, and cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation. Correlation
      coefficients were close to 1.00 and standard errors were 2.0 to 4.3 msec for
      changes at individual sites. Pooling of data from multiple sites increased
      standard errors and reduced correlation coefficients. Results provide
      quantification of errors in the use of unipolar electrograms to time local
      repolarization changes induced by variations in rate and adrenergic tone. They
      should increase the practical usefulness of the unipolar electrogram as a tool
      for assessing the time course and spatial distribution of repolarization changes.

PMID- 4064281
TI  - In situ monitoring.
AB  - In situ monitoring has been increasingly accepted during the past five years.
      This approach has been applied to measurement of gas tensions such as pO2 and
      pCO2, to pH and ions, to the assessment of jaundice by measurement of bilirubin,
      and to analysis for 14CO2 after administration of labeled antipyrine and
      aminopyrine, for evaluation of hepatic damage. Various techniques have been
      developed for in situ monitoring: transcutaneous measurements, implantable
      sensors, ingestible radio-sensitive pills, and breath analysis. Here I review
      some of these approaches and their limitations. These limitations include the
      sparsity of circumstances under which the technique can be applied and the
      probable increase in health-care costs.

PMID- 4064280
TI  - Kinetics of electrophysiologic changes during oral loading of amiodarone and
      after withdrawal of amiodarone in the unsedated dog.
AB  - We examined the temporal kinetics of onset and offset of the cardiac
      electrophysiologic effects of orally administered amiodarone in chronically
      instrumented, unsedated adult dogs (n = 8). Right atrial (RA), atrioventricular
      nodal (AVN), and right ventricular (RV) effective refractory period (ERP), and
      AVN functional refractory period (FRP), were determined daily for 21 days during
      amiodarone loading (24 mg/kg/day) and for 21 days after cessation of amiodarone.
      Left ventricular (LV) ERP was assessed in four of eight animals. Group mean RA
      ERP peaked and plateaued early during amiodarone loading (time to reach one-half
      observed peak change [t1/2 onset] = 1.2 +/- 0.5 days) and rapidly returned toward
      baseline after cessation of drug (decay time to one-half peak value [t1/2 offset]
      = 2.0 +/- 1.7 days). Group mean RV-ERP rose in a linear manner throughout the
      loading period (t1/2 onset = 9.3 +/- 2.1 days) and remained elevated after
      cessation of drug (t1/2 offset greater than 21.0 days). Group mean AVN-ERP and
      FRP exhibited temporal kinetics intermediate between those of the RA-ERP and RV
      ERP, both during amiodarone loading and after cessation of the drug. Group mean
      LV-ERP onset kinetics (assessed in a limited number of animals, n = 4) appeared
      to differ from RV-ERP onset kinetics (t1/2 onset = 2.5 +/- 2.5 days), whereas LV
      ERP and RV-ERP offset kinetics appeared similar (t1/2 offset greater than 21
      days). In summary, our findings demonstrate that during oral loading, the
      temporal sequence of onset of amiodarone-induced electrophysiologic effects is
      site dependent. Similarly, after cessation of amiodarone, the persistence of drug
      induced electrophysiologic effects is both variable and site dependent.

PMID- 4064282
TI  - Biochemical diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic modulation of disease activity
      in an unusual case of congenital erythropoietic porphyria.
AB  - We describe the methodology used for quantifying and characterizing porphyrins in
      various tissues and in excreta, in the diagnosis and monitoring of the
      therapeutic modulation of biochemical disease activity in a 53-year-old white man
      who has a rare form of familial porphyria cutanea tarda with bone marrow rather
      than hepatic expression of the disease. Liquid-chromatographic and thin-layer
      chromatographic analyses of the patients's urine and skin showed predominantly
      heptacarboxylic porphyrin and uroporphyrin, whereas his stool and bile contained
      isocoproporphyrin and coproporphyrin as the major products. The data reflect
      defective uroporphyrinogen decarboxylation. Both analytical methods gave
      quantitatively similar results for urinary and fecal porphyrins. A triple-lumen
      perfusion study of samples procured both at the ampulla of Vater and 15 cm
      downstream provided data for porphyrins excreted in the bile and their
      reabsorption in the small intestine. We evaluated: suppression by
      hypertransfusion of bone marrow overproduction of porphyrins and reduction of
      enteral absorption of porphyrins by orally administered charcoal (Acta Char) and
      cholestyramine.

PMID- 4064283
TI  - Analytical patterns and biochemical properties of macro creatine kinase type 2.
AB  - Here we describe our findings for 105 patients' sera containing macro creatine
      kinase (CK) type 2, as confirmed by exclusion chromatography. Depending on the
      technique used for determining isoenzyme CKs (electrophoresis, ion-exchange
      chromatography, immunoinhibition), this variant CK shows characteristic patterns
      and interferes in CK-MB assays by different mechanisms and to various degrees,
      thus complicating test interpretation. Macro CK type 2 evidently is not of
      cytoplasmic origin; rather it is a separate CK activity of human serum,
      characterized by its heat stability and, especially, by its increased molecular
      mass and high energy of activation. These latter characteristics have never been
      associated with the normal-size, dimeric cytoplasmic CK isoenzymes, but are
      typical for mitochondrial CK isolated from human tissues. We conclude that
      mitochondrial CK released after severe cell damage usually appears in blood in
      macromolecular forms (macro CK type 2), not in a dimeric form.

PMID- 4064284
TI  - Macro creatine kinase type 2: results of a prospective study in hospitalized
      patients.
AB  - We determined total CK activity with the N-acetylcysteine-activated method and
      residual activity after immunoinhibition of the CK-M subunits in the sera of 2018
      patients consecutively admitted to our university hospital for internal diseases,
      and of 936 outpatients, regardless of the patients' diagnoses. We could detect
      not more than two types of macro CK: macro CK type 2, which we observed in the
      sera of 85 patients (prevalence, 3.7% for hospitalized patients), and macro CK
      type 1. Most patients showing macro CK type 2 were older than 50 years, but we
      additionally observed a second peak at 20-30 years of age. We saw no
      preponderance by sex. We detected macro CK type 2 predominantly in severely ill
      patients of all ages, mainly those with malignant tumors or cirrhosis of the
      liver. Our findings support the assumption that macro CK type 2 is the
      manifestation of mitochondrial CK in serum. Occasionally, macro CK type 2
      disappeared from the circulation after amelioration of the associated disease.
      Its occurrence in serum nevertheless is a sign of a serious illness with high
      mortality but not inevitably a sign of impending death.

PMID- 4064286
TI  - Rapid analysis for methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) by reversed-phase ion-pair
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - We describe a "high-performance" reversed-phase ion-pair liquid-chromatographic
      procedure for measuring methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG) in plasma,
      urine, and bone-marrow leukocytes. Specimens of plasma and bone-marrow leukocytes
      are deproteinized with perchloric acid, then neutralized with KOH. Urinary MGBG
      is isolated by liquid-solid extraction in a C18 Sep-Pak. The chromatographic
      system consists of a 45 X 4.6 mm (i.d.) octadecylsilyl (C18, 5-microns particle)
      column and a mobile phase consisting of methanol/sodium acetate buffer (200
      mmol/L, pH 4.5), 2/3, by vol. The acetate buffer also contains 20 mmol of 1
      octanesulfonate and 40 mg of sodium azide per liter. The column effluent is
      monitored at 283 nm. At a flow rate of 3.0 mL/min, MGBG is eluted in 1.67 min.
      The detection limit is 20 nmol/L, and peak height varies linearly with
      concentration from 0.02 to 40 mumol/L. Analytical recovery exceeds 99%. Within
      day CVs ranged from 0.9% to 2.9%, between-day CVs from 4.2% to 6.2%.

PMID- 4064285
TI  - Methods for studying the binding of aluminum by serum protein.
AB  - We describe methods for studying the binding of Al by protein in serum:
      ultrafiltration, gel filtration, and immuno-affinity chromatography. For
      ultrafiltration we used an Amicon YM10 cellophane membrane with a nominal cutoff
      of 10 000 Da to separate ultrafiltrable and non-ultrafiltrable Al. For gel
      filtration we used Sephacryl S-300, and for immuno-affinity chromatography we
      used anti-transferrin coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose to identify the Al
      binding protein. For 30 normal subjects 54% of the total Al in serum was non
      ultrafiltrable; for 30 patients with chronic renal failure being treated by
      hemodialysis 67% was non-ultrafiltrable. In both groups transferrin was
      identified as the major Al-binding protein in the serum. Results of gel
      filtration studies should be interpreted with caution: some gel media adsorb
      "free" Al, which can be subsequently taken up by transferrin or desferrioxamine
      passing through the column. We find affinity chromatography to be a specific and
      reliable method, suitable for use in quantitative studies.

PMID- 4064287
TI  - Fluorescent substances in uremic and normal serum.
AB  - We measured the fluorescence, at various excitation (Ex) and emission (Em)
      wavelengths, of serum ultrafiltrates and fractions of serum resolved by
      chromatography on Sephadex G15, studying both normal subjects and patients in
      chronic renal failure requiring hemodialysis. We found hitherto undescribed
      fluorescence at Ex 380 nm/Em 440 nm and Ex 400 nm/Em 460 nm, the intensity being
      greatly increased in patients with chronic renal failure in comparison with
      normal subjects (p less than 0.005). This fluorescence persisted unaltered when
      serum was filtered through membranes having cutoffs ranging from 10 000 to 500
      Da. Each serum fraction resolved by gel chromatography demonstrated a
      characteristic fluorescence, which was generally much more intense in uremics.
      The most intense fluorescence (Ex 380 nm/Em 440 nm and Ex 400 nm/Em 460 nm) was
      emitted in the higher-Mr fractions.

PMID- 4064288
TI  - Free thyroxin and free triiodothyronine as measured by equilibrium dialysis and
      analog radioimmunoassay in serum of patients taking phenytoin and carbamazepine.
AB  - We measured free thyroxin (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) in serum of
      patients taking the anti-epileptic drugs phenytoin and carbamazepine, both by
      equilibrium dialysis procedures and analog-type radioimmunoassays. By either
      assay, the mean concentration of FT4 was significantly decreased in patients
      receiving either drug, whereas their FT3 concentrations were normal or only
      slightly decreased. Adding therapeutic concentrations of these drugs in vitro to
      control sera had a small or no incremental effect on FT4 and FT3 as measured by
      either method, but adding greater concentrations of the drugs in vitro markedly
      increased the concentrations of the free hormones. These results indicate that
      the main mechanism of the decrease in concentrations of free thyroid hormones in
      serum during therapy with anticonvulsant drugs is not the displacement of
      hormones from their binding to plasma proteins. We also determined, using a new
      and sensitive immunoradiometric assay, that patients taking carbamazepine, but
      not those taking phenytoin, had significantly less thyrotropin in the serum.

PMID- 4064289
TI  - Hypercholinesterasemia with isoenzymic alteration in a family.
AB  - A family with hypercholinesterasemia with isoenzymic alteration is reported. The
      propositus, a 55-year-old woman, was admitted to our hospital because of diabetes
      mellitus. Because her cholinesterase activity (delta pH 3.2) was supranormal,
      with no other abnormal liver-function test result throughout the hospitalization
      period, and was independent of her disease state, we investigated whether this
      condition might be familial. We studied six of her 17 family members in three
      generations. All six had above-normal serum cholinesterase activity. Gradient gel
      electrophoresis on polyacrylamide showed that the normal control individuals had
      seven isoenzymes, but all the family members with hypercholinesterasemia had two
      additional isoenzymes. The enzymic properties of the affected members were
      similar to those of the normal individuals. Hypercholinesterasemia in this family
      seems to be the result of an increased number of enzyme molecules, but how this
      isoenzymic alteration emerged remains obscure.

PMID- 4064290
TI  - Improved estimation of fructosamine, as a measure of glycated serum protein, with
      the Technicon RA-1000 analyzer.
AB  - We present an improved fructosamine assay for use with the Technicon RA-1000
      analyzer. Features of this assay include: specimen throughput of 100 per hour,
      within-batch CV of 1.5%, between-batch CV of 2.4%, standard curve linear up to
      24.9 mmol of fructosamine per liter, and good correlation (r = 0.82) with
      hemoglobin A1.

PMID- 4064291
TI  - Direct-measurement ion-selective electrodes: analytical error in hyponatremia.
AB  - Using two commercial direct ion-selective-electrode sodium and potassium
      analyzers, we found lower sodium values in cases of hyponatremia as compared with
      those by flame emission spectrophotometry or indirect ion-selective-electrode
      analyzers. It is shown that these errors can be eliminated by modifying the
      calibrant, and that there is a requirement for internationally agreed-upon
      reference standards for use by manufacturers and laboratory personnel to assess
      analytical performance of these analyzers.

PMID- 4064292
TI  - Ektachem multilayer dry-film assay for ammonia evaluated.
AB  - We evaluated the Kodak Ektachem multilayer dry-film method for ammonia. Within
      day precision (CV) was 5.9% and 2.7% at ammonia concentrations of 53 and 654
      mumol/L, respectively. Between-run precision (CV) was 7.8% and 7.3% at 51 and 109
      mumol/L, respectively. Correlation with a manual ion-exchange chromatography
      Berthelot reaction-based method (x) was good (y = 0.96x - 1.37; r = 0.984; SEE =
      9.16). The response of the method varies linearly with ammonia concentration up
      to 900 mumol/L. Bilirubin less than or equal to 270 mg/L, triglycerides less than
      or equal to 6.0 g/L, and slight hemolysis did not interfere. The concentration of
      ammonia in plasma of 120 healthy adults was 16-53 mumol/L (nonparametric central
      95 percentiles).

PMID- 4064293
TI  - Anti-IgG combined with rate nephelometry for measuring polyethylene glycol
      precipitated circulating immune complexes.
AB  - Immune complexes from serum were assayed for IgG by a simple rate-nephelometric
      method after extraction with polyethylene glycol that removes monomeric IgG. A 30
      min preincubation of the extracted material in reaction buffer before the anti
      IgG is introduced eliminates falsely increased values owing to precipitation that
      increased baseline light scatter in the reaction buffer. We found good
      parallelism in the reaction of anti-IgG with the IgG calibrator, aggregated human
      globulin, or endogenous immune complex. Thus IgG can be used for calibration in
      place of aggregated human globulin, greatly simplifying the assay. A good
      correlation was found between the present assay and the C1q-binding test (r =
      0.83). The present assay is both sensitive and reproducible. The extraction and
      assay are straightforward and can be completed in a single morning after an
      overnight precipitation. The reagents for extraction are easily prepared and
      inexpensive, and the materials for assay are available in kit form. We believe
      this approach to be well suited for many clinical laboratories to measure
      circulating immune complexes.

PMID- 4064294
TI  - Effect of heat treatment on results for biochemical analysis of plasma and serum.
AB  - Incubation of serum and plasma samples at 56 degrees C for 30 min inactivates the
      HTLV-III virus. We assessed the effect of this procedure on results of routine
      biochemical tests by dividing samples of serum and plasma into two, heat-treating
      one while the other remained at room temperature. Samples were then analyzed in
      an SMA 16/60, an Astra-8, an Analox glucose analyzer, a Cobas Bio centrifugal
      analyzer, and manually for salicylate and acetaminophen (paracetamol). Most of
      the differences produced by heat treatment were not clinically significant,
      although heated samples proved unsuitable for use in assay of some commonly
      measured enzymes. Serum evidently is preferable to plasma for this procedure, and
      heat-treated serum samples can validly be used for most routine analyses. Thus
      this procedure makes safer the analysis of samples from patients with suspected
      or proven acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

PMID- 4064295
TI  - Single-cuvet sequential determination of triglyceride and cholesterol.
AB  - I describe a sequential method for kinetic assay of serum triglyceride and
      cholesterol in a single cuvet. Triglyceride is assayed first, by an ultraviolet
      enzymic method with ATP and NADH as the driving reagents (Clin Chem 21:1627-1629,
      1975); cholesterol is then assayed with use of cholesterol oxidase, peroxidase,
      and the Trinder reaction. Excess NADH left by the triglyceride assay is removed
      by adding either pyruvate or glycerol to the cholesterol reagent; the addition
      prevents interference of NADH with nascent H2O2, and does not affect the apparent
      Km of cholesterol oxidase or the pseudo-first-order reaction of the cholesterol
      assay. The method, tested in both a random-access analyzer (Hitachi 705) and a
      batch analyzer (Olli C/D), at three concentrations, gave the following within-run
      CVs:3.0, 1.6, 1.5% for cholesterol; 4.0, 4.2, 5.4% for triglyceride. The
      corresponding between-run CVs were 12.5, 9.0, 8.1% and 12.8, 11.1, 8.9%. The
      calibration was linear to at least 8.0 g/L for both cholesterol and triglyceride.
      Interference from bilirubin, hemoglobin, and certain drugs is almost negligible.
      Correlation studies with reference and routine methods showed r values ranging
      from 0.985 to 0.995 for cholesterol, 0.984 to 0.991 for triglyceride.

PMID- 4064296
TI  - False results with the N-acetylcysteine-activated, immunoinhibited CK-MB
      determination.

PMID- 4064297
TI  - Salivary melatonin estimation in clinical research.

PMID- 4064298
TI  - Determination of phenol and p-cresol in urine.

PMID- 4064299
TI  - Suitability of SP6 RNA polymerase transcripts for in vitro viral diagnosis.

PMID- 4064300
TI  - Kinetic transketolase assay: use of whole-blood hemolysate as the sample.

PMID- 4064301
TI  - Synthetic glutamine peptides as substrates for the kinetic determination of blood
      coagulation factor XIII.

PMID- 4064302
TI  - Evidence that adrenal oestrogens are not involved in benign breast disease.
AB  - We have studied 30 women with symptomatic benign breast disease in order to test
      the hypothesis that in some it might be caused by an enzyme variant leading to
      excessive adrenal production of oestrone. Synthetic 1-24 ACTH (Synacthen) was
      given intramuscularly after overnight suppression with dexamethasone, during the
      early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. In no subjects did plasma oestrone
      levels show a consistent and significant response to ACTH despite the expected
      consistent rises in androstenedione and cortisol. We conclude that it is unlikely
      that adrenal oestrogens play a significant role in the pathophysiology of even a
      minority of patients with benign breast disease.

PMID- 4064303
TI  - Severe jaundice as presenting symptom of generalized peritonitis following
      cesarean section.
AB  - Jaundice complicating severe bacterial infection has already been described; much
      less common is its occurrence as the presenting symptom of severe sepsis. A case
      is presented describing a patient who developed rapid increasing jaundice on the
      4th day after an elective cesarean section, accompanied by deterioration in her
      general status. Various diagnostic means (abdominal CT, ultrasound investigation
      and hepatosplenic scanning) were performed in order to confirm or rule out the
      possibility of intraabdominal sepsis and the only finding on physical
      examination, being the absence of peristaltics. In spite of negative results of
      all the image processing techniques the patient underwent an explorative
      laparotomy on the 6th day, which revealed a generalized purulent peritonitis. It
      should be emphasized that: Severe jaundice maybe the presenting symptom of
      sepsis. False negative results of several modern image processing procedures may
      mislead the diagnostic approach and the subsequent therapeutic methods.

PMID- 4064304
TI  - Hemolytic disease of the newborn secondary to anti-Fya and anti-S.
AB  - One case of rare maternal-fetal immunization in a patient affected by Cooley's
      anemia, is reported. The opportunity for a complete characterization of the blood
      group and for a search for maternal antibodies in patients with a history of
      multiple blood transfusions is stressed.

PMID- 4064305
TI  - The effect of a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, indomethacin, on excessive
      uterine bleeding.
AB  - Indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor given to 94 women suffering
      from functional menorrhagia, IUD's and sub mucous fibroid related bleeding,
      reduced menstrual loss and duration of menstruation in 70 patients (74.5
      percent). A significant decrease in duration of menstruation of 2.1 days was
      obtained in the responding group. In functional bleeding, the mean decrease was
      1.7 days, in IUD's related menorrhagia 2.9 days and in menorrhagia due to
      submucous fibroids 2 days. Age, parity and duration of menstruation before
      treatment had no significant effect on the response or reduction of duration of
      bleeding. The medication was discontinued only in two patients because of minor
      gastronntestinal symptoms.

PMID- 4064306
TI  - Increase in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in menopausal women treated with
      vaginal estrogen cream.
AB  - In a group of 20 menopausal women 45-78 years old (mean age 62.4), with typical
      symptoms such as dryness of the vagina, urinary disturbances, "mental" symptoms,
      or vasomotor disturbances, treated with topical vaginal estrogen cream, we
      examined the glucose tolerance, as expressed by Gycohemoglobin (HbA1c) and GTT.
      Estrogen, well absorbed by the vaginal epithelium gives rise to the HbA1c from a
      mean of 6.4% to 14.78% (P less than 0.0001). The GTT too shows a glucose
      intolerance, but never a frank diabetic picture. In four cases in which the
      cardinal symptoms were vasomotor disturbances (hot flushes, profuse sweating) the
      addition of oral clonidine hydrochlorate (Clonirit) to the vaginal estrogen
      cream, leads to the relief of symptoms. The Glycohemoglobin test is fast,
      inexpensive and easy to perform in every laboratory, giving the possibility of
      discovering an unknown or borderline diabetes.

PMID- 4064307
TI  - Toxoplasmosis. Two observations and a specification.
AB  - On the basis of two interesting observations of toxoplasmic disease the Authors
      attempt to interpret the various pathological pictures, comparing two different
      formulations of toxoplasmic disease: that of Sabin and that of more modern AA.

PMID- 4064308
TI  - Dilemmas in intrauterine fetal growth retardation. The significance of
      anticomplement and heparin-like activities of placenta at term and the prognostic
      value of HCS and E3 maternal plasma concentrations during pregnancy.
AB  - The Authors studied the behaviour of anticomplement and heparin-like activities
      in human term placentas in relation to intrauterine fetal growth retardation.
      These two biological activities might be involved in regulatory mechanisms of
      great importance for the fetal growth. The anticomplement activity was
      significantly lower in IUGR placentas than in controls, while no change was found
      in heparin-like activity. The decrease of anticomplement activity might be
      associated to immunological mechanisms, possibly related to a placental
      microcirculation damage, with consequent fetal growth retardation. For what
      concerns HCS and E3 plasma levels during pregnancy, a significant reduction of
      HCS in IUGR subjects was observed, confirming a decreased functional activity of
      placenta. The E3 levels, on the contrary, were slightly, but not significantly
      lower in IUGR patients.

PMID- 4064309
TI  - Home therapy for kidney disease. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and
      continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 4064310
TI  - Psychological aspects of home care for the patient with end-stage renal disease.

PMID- 4064312
TI  - Long-term management of the ventilator-dependent patient. Preparation for home
      care.

PMID- 4064311
TI  - Long-term management of the ventilator patient in the home.

PMID- 4064313
TI  - Mechanical ventilation in the home. The role of the psychiatrist.

PMID- 4064314
TI  - Home intravenous antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 4064315
TI  - Home care. A shifting of ethical responsibilities.

PMID- 4064316
TI  - The role of social work in contemporary home care planning.

PMID- 4064317
TI  - Irvine H. Page lecture 1984. Basic science and clinical medicine. Problems and
      opportunities at the interface.

PMID- 4064318
TI  - Mitral valve replacement. Results 20 years after operation.

PMID- 4064319
TI  - Total repair of tetralogy of Fallot in the adult. The Cleveland Clinic experience
      1951-1981.

PMID- 4064320
TI  - Severe congenital tricuspid regurgitation in the newborn. A rare from with
      myxomatous valvular incomplete development.

PMID- 4064321
TI  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in a patient with systemic lupus
      erythematosus.

PMID- 4064322
TI  - Theophylline and its interactions.

PMID- 4064323
TI  - Epidermolysis bullosa of the Weber-Cockayne type with macular amyloidosis.

PMID- 4064324
TI  - Metastatic cecal adenocarcinoma presenting as a testicular adnexal mass.

PMID- 4064325
TI  - Re: Low-profile bioprosthesis for mitral regurgitation associated with idiopathic
      hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.

PMID- 4064326
TI  - Characteristics of the complex between alkaline phosphatase and immunoglobulin A
      in human serum.
AB  - An abnormal band of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was detected by
      electrophoresis in the serum of a patient with liver cirrhosis, and was shown to
      be a complex between ALP and immunoglobulin A (IgA) of the lambda type.
      Physicochemical studies of ALP in the patient's serum showed properties of liver
      and bone isozymes. The patient's IgA and its F(ab')2 fragment were prepared by
      column chromatography, and used in in-vitro reconstitution studies with various
      ALP isozymes. It was found that only the liver and bone ALP attached to the IgA,
      while the placental and intestinal ALP did not. The ALP was attached to the
      F(ab')2 fragment of IgA. It is concluded that this complex is the result of an
      antibody-antigen reaction. Molecular weights of the two complexes, ALP-IgA and
      ALP-IgA-F(ab')2, suggest that two molecules of monovalent ALP associated with one
      molecule of divalent IgA.

PMID- 4064327
TI  - A new method for chemical analysis of faeces.
AB  - By using a centriflo membrane cone filter it has become possible to obtain an
      ultrafiltrate from a 24-h stool specimen. In this faecal fluid several clinical
      chemical parameters were analysed, such as pH, osmolality, creatinine, sodium,
      potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate and lactate.
      Reference intervals for these substances were obtained in healthy individuals.
      The data of this control group were compared to those of patients with diarrhoea
      due to active inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, lactose
      intolerance and persons with an ileostomy.

PMID- 4064328
TI  - The validity of oxygen content calculations.
AB  - Blood oxygen content calculated from haemoglobin concentration, measured
      haemoglobin oxygen saturation and measured oxygen tension was compared with three
      other methods of estimating oxygen content. These other methods were those of Van
      Slyke and Zander, which are direct methods, and a method using Kelman's equation
      to estimate the saturation from measured oxygen tension and hence content. The
      coefficients of correlation (corr coeff) (r) were 0.9050 (n = 22), 0.9919 (n =
      24) and 0.9862 (n = 25) for the respective methods when compared with oxygen
      content calculated using measured saturation. The Van Slyke method proved to be
      imprecise in our hands. The direct measurement using the oxygen cuvette of Zander
      gave oxygen content values similar to those estimated from measured saturation.
      The oxygen content calculated from pO2 alone when compared to that derived from
      measured saturation had a corr coeff (r) of 0.9862 (n = 25), but the high
      residual standard deviation (So) of 6.939 ml/l indicates that the practice of
      calculating oxygen content from oxygen tension alone is imprecise. We conclude
      that oxygen content may be satisfactorily estimated by the Zander method when it
      becomes generally available, but until then the measurement of oxygen saturation
      is a necessary prerequisite to the estimation of blood oxygen content.

PMID- 4064329
TI  - The correlation between human plasma melatonin levels and urinary 6
      hydroxymelatonin excretion.
AB  - A significant correlation (0.76) has been found between nighttime peak plasma
      melatonin levels and the 24-h urinary excretion totals for conjugated 6
      hydroxymelatonin for a group of 22 women. This study validates the comparison of
      plasma levels of the hormone or urinary levels of its metabolite to assess pineal
      gland production of melatonin in humans.

PMID- 4064330
TI  - Free amino acids in human fetal plasma.
AB  - Free amino acids were determined on fetal plasma samples in 28 pregnancies
      between 20 and 33 wk gestation. No correlation can be observed between these
      concentrations and the age of gestation.

PMID- 4064331
TI  - Specific radioimmunoassays for human pancreatic and salivary isoamylases.

PMID- 4064332
TI  - Sympathoadrenal activity and plasma glucose effects on plasma dopamine-beta
      hydroxylase levels in rats.
AB  - Plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity is a controversial index of
      sympathoadrenal function. In our results, the half-life of bovine DBH
      administered by cardiac puncture to Wistar rats was dependent on plasma glucose
      values, being 60 min for controls, 96 min for streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic
      animals (p less than 0.02) and 33 min for insulin-treated normal rats (p less
      than 0.01). In experimental situations with low plasma glucose levels, DBH
      activity was also diminished with respect to controls (glucose: 103.6 +/- 2.2
      mg%, DBH: 9.7 +/- 0.5 U/ml). After fasting, glucose was 60.8 +/- 1.5 mg% (p less
      than 0.001) and plasma DBH 6.4 +/- 0.3 U/ml (p less than 0.001); fasting plus
      cold exposure also decreased glucose (66.2 +/- 1.4 mg%, p less than 0.001) and
      plasma DBH (6.7 +/- 0.2 U/ml; p less than 0.001). In both situations, there was
      an increase in exocytosis from sympathoadrenal tissues; however, no increase in
      plasma DBH levels was observed, because plasma glucose being diminished it was
      unable to compete at the catabolic receptor level. When normal plasma glucose
      levels take place, plasma DBH is essentially constant, poorly reflecting a
      moderate increase or decrease in exocytosis from tissues, as was the case in our
      animals with 48 h of cold exposure. When chemical sympathectomy (6-OH-dopamine)
      or bilateral adrenalectomy was performed there was a compensatory mechanism
      between them. Plasma DBH does not change significantly in these situations if
      plasma glucose values are normal. From these results, the most important
      physiological influence on plasma DBH activity is the glucose plasma levels.
      Plasma DBH values not being a useful index of sympathoadrenal activity if, at the
      same time, the plasma glucose levels are not considered.

PMID- 4064333
TI  - Octanoylglucuronide excretion in patients with a defective oxidation of medium
      chain fatty acids.
AB  - Octanoyl-beta-D-glucuronide was identified in the urine of five patients with
      hypoketotic hypoglycemia and dicarboxylic aciduria due to a defective beta
      oxidation of medium-chain fatty acids. Two subjects who ingested large amounts of
      medium-chain triglycerides also excreted large amounts of the glucuronide. The
      substance was extracted from the urine with ethyl acetate and analyzed by: (1)
      gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the trimethylsilyl derivative and
      (2) preparative one-dimensional thin-layer chromatography followed by enzymatic
      hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase and again GC-MS. A quantitative analysis was
      performed indirectly by measuring the urinary bound octanoate after the removal
      of octanoylcarnitine. Octanoylglucuronide represents an additional mechanism for
      the detoxification of octanoate; its formation may be of help for the maintenance
      of carnitine homeostasis in patients with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
      deficiency.

PMID- 4064334
TI  - Concentrations of succinylacetone after homogentisate and tyrosine loading in
      healthy individuals with low fumarylacetoacetase activity.
AB  - Two healthy adults with low fumarylacetoacetase activity in fibroblasts and
      lymphocytes, one a compound heterozygote for the tyrosinaemia and the
      pseudodeficiency genes and the other a homozygote for the pseudodeficiency gene,
      produced substantial amounts of succinylacetone when given an intravenous
      homogentisate load. The level of metabolites correlated with the residual enzyme
      activity and the genotype, being higher in the compound heterozygote. This
      subject also showed a small increase of metabolites in urine after an oral
      tyrosine load. In the pseudodeficiency homozygote a depression of erythrocyte
      delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase activity was observed after the tyrosine load.
      In fasting state both individuals have erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinate
      dehydratase activity below the reference range, indicating a persistently raised
      concentration of metabolites. Thus, the pseudodeficiency state is not just an in
      vitro phenomenon, but results in a definite reduction of enzyme activity in vivo.
      We speculate that the variant gene may predispose to the development of liver
      disease, possibly not recognized as tyrosinaemia.

PMID- 4064336
TI  - Serum unconjugated bile acids: qualitative and quantitative profiles in ileal
      resection and bacterial overgrowth.
AB  - Qualitative and quantitative profiles of unconjugated bile acids in the serum
      obtained over a 24-h period from three patients with ileal resections and one
      with a bacterial overgrowth are described. Unconjugated serum bile acids were
      determined using the high sensitivity and resolution of capillary column gas
      liquid chromatography after their rapid extraction and isolation using reverse
      phase octadecylsilane bonded silica cartridges and the lipophilic gel Lipidex
      1000. Unconjugated serum bile acid concentrations were elevated throughout the
      day in both ileum resected patients and in conditions involving bacterial
      overgrowth when compared to healthy subjects. Total conjugated cholic acid
      concentrations were expectedly low in both intestinal disorders and were without
      the postprandial increases generally observed in healthy subjects. Qualitative
      gas chromatographic profiles of serum unconjugated bile acids in bacterial
      overgrowth distinctly revealed a predominance of deoxycholic acid and other
      secondary bile acids in all samples, while, in conditions of an impaired
      enterohepatic circulation, deoxycholic acid was absent or present in only trace
      amounts. The potential significance of measuring serum unconjugated bile acids in
      intestinal disorders is discussed.

PMID- 4064335
TI  - Platelet monoamine oxidase: specific activity and turnover number in
      schizophrenics and their families.
AB  - Monoamine oxidase specific activities and molecular turnover numbers have been
      measured in families with at least two schizophrenic members. Neither measure of
      monoamine oxidase was different in schizophrenics compared with their first
      degree relatives. Molecular turnover number was remarkably similar in males and
      females and when the group was considered by age, diagnosis, drug status and
      family membership. Neither specific activity nor turnover number could be used in
      risk estimation for the development of schizophrenia in members of these
      families.

PMID- 4064337
TI  - Limitations of new thyroid function tests in pregnancy.
AB  - Sensitive immunoradiometric assays (IRMA) for TSH and radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits
      for free thyroid hormones (fT4, fT3) are becoming increasingly used for routine
      thyroid investigations. We have assessed these tests in 93 euthyroid pregnant
      women. Mean fT4 and fT3 values decreased with gestation by 24-27% and 14-35%,
      respectively, using several analogue RIA kits. Some patients had free hormone
      values which fell below the reference range derived from non-pregnant euthyroid
      patients. By contrast, the fT4 concentrations measured by direct equilibrium
      dialysis fell by only 16% with all values within the reference range. Serum non
      esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels (non-fasting) did not correlate with fT4 and
      fT3 but a spurious effect of serum albumin levels on the free hormone kits was
      suggested. TSH results showed that the majority of subjects had lower values
      measured by IRMA than by RIA. Three patients had basal TSH (IRMA) below the mean
      detection limit of the assay; this could have been falsely interpreted as
      indicating hyperthyroidism. We conclude that, as with longer established thyroid
      function tests, special care must be taken in interpreting results of these new
      thyroid function tests in pregnancy.

PMID- 4064338
TI  - The determination of plasma oxalate concentrations using an enzyme/bioluminescent
      assay.
AB  - An enzyme/bioluminescent assay for the determination of oxalate in plasma is
      described in which NADH, a reaction product of the enzymic degradation of oxalate
      by oxalate decarboxylase and formate dehydrogenase, is determined using a
      commercially available bioluminescent system. In contrast to most previously
      documented methods, this sensitive and specific assay requires minimal sample
      preparation allowing oxalate concentrations to be determined within 2 h of sample
      collection. The limit of detection for plasma samples is 0.8 mumol/l. The
      recovery of oxalate added to plasma averaged 99%. The inter-batch coefficient of
      variation, calculated by analysis of a plasma sample from a uraemic patient
      (oxalate concentration = 45.8 mumol/l) on 8 occasions, over a period of 5 wk, was
      3.2%. Plasma oxalate concentrations in 35 normal subjects ranged from less than
      0.8-1.5 mumol/l, which is in excellent agreement with values obtained by in vivo
      isotope dilution studies. Plasma oxalate was found to be strikingly elevated in a
      group of uraemic patients maintained on regular haemodialysis.

PMID- 4064339
TI  - The effect of laser deterioration on nephelometer performance.

PMID- 4064340
TI  - The effect of [125I]thyroglobulin tracer heterogeneity on serum Tg RIA
      measurement.
AB  - Comparative serum Tg RIA studies were used to evaluate the contamination of 125I
      19S Tg (B) (670 000 Da) with a smaller partially immunoactive degradation product
      (C) (530 000 Da). B and C tracers prepared either by enzymic (GO), chloramine T
      (CT) or Bolton Hunter (BH) iodination methods were tested. B tracers, (either GO
      or CT), gave consistently higher Tg values vs C tracers at serum Tg levels
      greater than 30 ng/ml. No difference in values was seen with C tracers of either
      GO, CT or BH origin. The immunological nonidentity between B and C tracers was
      shown by nonparallelism between diluted high Tg sera and the Tg RIA standards.
      Nonparallelism existed above 30 ng/ml with all C tracers irrespective of
      iodination method and was, in addition, present with CT-B tracers from 3/4 Tg
      preparations. Only B tracers, prepared by GO or BH, consistently showed adequate
      parallelism. The ubiquitous nature of C contamination of B tracers prompted a
      comparative study of serum Tg RIA values between four different laboratories.
      Good interlaboratory agreement was shown for Tg values less than 30 ng/ml,
      whereas there was a 10- to 20-fold difference in values for sera with high Tg
      levels (greater than 100 ng/ml). The observed/expected ratio of values, in serial
      dilutions of a high Tg sera, measured in two of the laboratories, suggested that
      nonparallelism accounted for some interlaboratory differences. Contamination of
      125I-19S Tg (B) by its breakdown product C, has potential to lower absolute serum
      Tg values and produce non-parallelism in diluted high Tg sera which results in
      aberrantly low Tg RIA values. This problem potentially limits the clinical
      application and relevance of serum Tg measurements in thyroid cancer patients,
      especially those with metastases associated with high serum Tg levels.

PMID- 4064341
TI  - Vitamin E sufficiency in children with cholestasis: a comparison between
      erythrocyte peroxide hemolysis and serum alpha-tocopherol.
AB  - Vitamin E sufficiency was assessed in 19 children with chronic cholestasis by
      determining both erythrocyte peroxide hemolysis (EPH) and serum alpha-tocopherol
      (alpha-T) levels. Eight had normal alpha-T (1.19 +/- 0.67 mg/dl; normal greater
      than 0.5). The mean EPH in this group was 13.1 +/- 14.3% (normal less than 20%).
      The remaining 11 patients had low alpha-T levels (0.25 +/- 0.15 mg/dl) and
      elevated EPH (83.9 +/- 17.1%). Children found to be vitamin E deficient received
      either oral alpha-T (50-100 IU/kg per day) or parenteral alpha-tocopherol acetate
      in sesame oil every 2-4 wk (200-300 mg). This permitted serial monitoring of EPH
      and alpha-T. We found that normalization of the EPH was uniformly accompanied by
      normalization of the alpha-T level. However, normal alpha-T levels occurred with
      elevated EPH (between 20% and 80%) on 11 occasions. EPH greater than 80%
      correctly identified vitamin E deficiency in all cases. Hence, EPH is a
      satisfactory screening test of vitamin E sufficiently. When the EPH is less than
      20%, the patient is vitamin E sufficient. Conversely, when the EPH is greater
      than 80%, the patient is vitamin E deficient. Serum alpha-T measurements are
      needed to determine vitamin E sufficiency when the EPH is greater than 20% and
      less than 80%.

PMID- 4064342
TI  - Fast separation of the three main plasma lipoprotein classes by
      ultracentrifugation using vertical rotor and multiple discontinuous density
      gradient.
AB  - An ultracentrifugation technique for isolation of the various lipoprotein
      fractions using a vertical rotor is described. By the use of a multiple
      discontinuous density gradient, very low density lipoproteins, low density
      lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins are sharply separated, without
      contamination of other lipoproteins or albumin. Centrifugation time is 80 min.
      The densities, electrophoretic mobilities, electron microscopic appearance and
      chemical composition are those of the expected classes of lipoproteins. Two
      different gradients are used to enhance the separation of very low density
      lipoproteins from low density lipoproteins on one hand and high density
      lipoproteins from infranatant on the other.

PMID- 4064343
TI  - Discrimination of phenylketonurics from persistent hyperphenylalaninemia patients
      using a simple phenylalanine loading test.
AB  - A simple, oral phenylalanine loading test was developed in order to discriminate
      between controls, phenylketonuria and persistent hyperphenylalaninemia patients.
      Only three capillary blood specimens for quantitation of phenylalanine and
      tyrosine over a short duration (90 min) were required. Using stepwise
      multivariate discriminant analysis, accurate classification was achieved for 27
      controls, 12 patients with phenylketonuria and 6 with persistent
      hyperphenylalaninemia. This loading test and analysis is both simpler and less
      expensive than those previously described.

PMID- 4064344
TI  - Induction of cytochromes P-450 in pancreatic disease: consequence, coincidence or
      cause?
AB  - We have examined the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine and of theophylline-
      validated probes for cytochromes P-450 activities--in a series of patients with
      pancreatic disease. The half-life of each drug was significantly lower, and its
      clearance faster, in patients than in controls and this pattern was detected in
      the subgroups with acute pancreatitis (6), chronic pancreatitis (22), or
      pancreatic cancer (4). These data suggest induction of cytochromes P-450 in all
      forms of exocrine pancreatic disease. Enzyme induction is unlikely to be
      secondary to pancreatic malfunction since there was no correlation between
      prevailing exocrine status, as assessed by secretin-pancreozymin tests, and the
      half-life or clearance of either drug. The corollary is that induction of the
      mono-oxygenases by environmental agents, both recognised and unidentified, is a
      primary event in pancreatic disease. The possible relevance of this finding is
      discussed.

PMID- 4064345
TI  - In-vivo metabolites of spironolactone and potassium canrenoate: determination of
      potential anti-androgenic activity by a mouse kidney cytosol receptor assay.
AB  - We have established a sensitive and specific radioreceptor assay for androgen
      receptor active materials in plasma, using tritiated methyltrienolone ([3H]R1881)
      as tracer, and spayed mouse kidney cytosol receptor as the binding species. On
      radioreceptor assay, plasma from mice chronically administered spironolactone
      contained approximately 10 times higher levels of androgen receptor active
      material than from mice administered potassium canrenoate. In parallel bioassays
      (antagonism of the effect of testosterone on seminal vesicle weight),
      spironolactone was greater than 4 times as potent an antiandrogen as potassium
      canrenoate. Administered potassium canrenoate circulates as canrenoic acid, in
      equilibrium with its lactonized congener canrenone. Since over 80% of
      administered spironolactone is irreversibly converted to canrenone/canrenoic
      acid, its much higher anti-androgen activity on radioreceptor assay and bioassay
      may point to the generation of unidentified, minor metabolites with very high
      affinity for androgen receptors and/or a very long plasma half-life.

PMID- 4064346
TI  - Demonstration of sex hormone binding globulin in human cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - This study demonstrates the existence of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in
      human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by means of a highly sensitive radioligand
      saturation assay that has been recently described by us for measurement of SHBG
      in human plasma. The molecular similarity of this 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone
      binding protein with plasma-SHBG was substantiated by a number of experiments in
      which the CSF-protein displayed the same properties as plasma-SHBG with respect
      to thermolability, affinity, specificity and sedimentation rate. SHBG levels in
      the CSF of normal women were found to be 0.139 +/- 0.04 nmol/l (mean +/- standard
      deviation), and in normal men to be 0.083 +/- 0.03 nmol/l respectively. CSF-SHBG
      in patients with a variety of neurological diseases associated with different
      degrees of a blood-CSF barrier disturbance, showed a good correlation with
      commonly determined parameters such as CSF-albumin and CSF-IgG that are known to
      be of plasma origin. The concept of CSF-SHBG originating from plasma by
      restricted diffusion is strongly supported by the finding that the CSF/plasma
      ratio of SHBG is independent of the plasma-SHBG concentration in the entire
      physiological range. Possible diagnostic and pathophysiological implications of
      this so far undetected CSF-constituent are discussed with regard to neurological
      and endocrine abnormalities.

PMID- 4064347
TI  - Effect of pinealectomy on serum melatonin, luteinizing hormone and prolactin: a
      case report.
AB  - A patient, aged 47 is described in whom changes in hormonal profiles were
      observed following surgical excision of the pineal. She presented with a clinical
      syndrome of increased intracranial pressure and postmenopausal symptoms.
      Computerized tomographic scans showed obstructive hydrocephalus from a cystic
      lesion in the pineal region. Surgical removal of the cystic mass revealed a
      benign ependymal cyst and normal pineal tissue. After the operation, she had no
      nocturnal increase in serum melatonin. The morning basal LH was further elevated
      and night-time PRL showed little fluctuation from the basal levels.

PMID- 4064348
TI  - Diagnostic value of a single serum thyroglobulin determination on and off thyroid
      suppressive therapy in the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid
      cancer.
AB  - To assess the significance of a single serum thyroglobulin (Tg) determination on
      and off thyroid suppressive therapy, serum Tg measurements have been performed in
      349 serum samples from 82 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. All
      samples were collected after total thyroidectomy with or without subsequent
      ablation of residual thyroid tissue by radioiodine. One hundred and fifty-three
      samples were obtained while the patients were on thyroid suppressive therapy and
      196 after withdrawal of medication. The results of serum Tg assays were analysed
      in relation to the presence or absence of residual or metastatic thyroid tissue,
      as assessed by clinical and laboratory evaluation, including 131I whole body
      scan. In patients with thyroid residue but no metastases, undetectable serum Tg
      (false negative results) occurred in 45% of cases off therapy and in 92.9% of
      cases during therapy. In the presence of metastases no undetectable serum Tg
      result was found in patients off therapy, while four (6.9%) out of 58 samples
      from patients with bone and/or lung metastases and seven (31.8%) out of 22
      samples from patients with lymph node metastases alone were undetectable (falsely
      negative) during suppressive therapy. Serum Tg was undetectable in sera from
      patients with no evidence of thyroid residue or metastatic disease in all but one
      (1.7%) of 59 samples on and three (5.4%) of 56 samples off suppressive therapy.
      These Tg results were confirmed to be truly rather than falsely positive, since
      evidence of metastatic disease was obtained by whole body scan after the
      administration of therapeutic doses of 131I.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4064349
TI  - Hormonal changes in postmenopausal women with breast cancer treated with
      trilostane and dexamethasone.
AB  - Postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer were treated with trilostane,
      initially 240 mg daily increasing after 3 days to 480 mg daily and after a
      further three days to 960 mg daily. After 3 days at this dose dexamethasone 1 mg
      daily was added and this combination was continued until disease progression
      occurred. Partial remission was seen in 26% and stabilization of previously
      progressive disease in a further 13% of the first twenty-three patients studied.
      During therapy with trilostane alone significant increases in DHEAS,
      androstenedione, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, progesterone, testosterone and
      oestradiol were seen. A significant fall in oestrone concentration occurred at
      the same time. After dexamethasone was added the elevated steroid concentrations
      fell back to the baseline while oestrone remained depressed below this and
      testosterone was also significantly lowered. No change was seen in cortisol or
      ACTH concentration while patients were on trilostane alone but cortisol levels
      were undetectable after dexamethasone was added though, in most patients, ACTH
      remained detectable. There was no change in the ratio of delta 5:delta 4 steroids
      at any stage of therapy but a highly significant increase in the androstenedione:
      oestrone ratio was seen. We conclude that in long-term use in vivo it is
      difficult to demonstrate that trilostane inhibits 3 beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase but it may produce inhibition of aromatase.

PMID- 4064350
TI  - Increased frequency of goitre in epileptic patients on long-term phenytoin or
      carbamazepine treatment.
AB  - Thyroid function, the clinical occurrence of goitre and ultrasonically determined
      thyroid gland volume were investigated in 23 patients with phenytoin- and 28
      patients with carbamazepine-treated convulsive disorders and compared with
      matched healthy controls. In the phenytoin treated group median thyroid volume
      was 26 ml (range 14-57 ml) compared to 17 ml (range 8-41 ml) in the controls (P
      less than 0.01). Ten patients and four controls had a goitre (NS). Median serum
      T4 and FT4I levels were reduced, serum TSH level increased and serum T3, T3RU,
      FT3I and thyroglobulin levels unaltered compared with the controls. In the
      carbamazepine treated group median thyroid volume was 25 ml (range 13-66 ml)
      compared to 16 ml (range 9-44 ml) in the controls (P less than 0.01). Thirteen
      patients and three controls had a goitre (P less than 0.02). Median serum T4,
      FT4I and FT3I levels were reduced, serum thyroglobulin increased and serum T3,
      T3RU and TSH levels unaltered compared with the controls. The increase in thyroid
      size is probably a compensatory mechanism due to the low free thyroid hormones in
      serum caused by an increased hepatic degradation of thyroid hormones by phenytoin
      and carbamazepine.

PMID- 4064352
TI  - Trace elements in human disease.

PMID- 4064351
TI  - Radio-iodine treatment of hyperthyroidism--a more liberal policy?
AB  - The main and most valid evidence we have is that on direct follow-up of treated
      patients. This has been well done in thousands of patients in two countries with
      very good medical care and over long periods--10 to 15 years or more. On the
      other hand there is no doubt about radiation carcinogenesis, and thyroid cancer
      has been caused in children by low-dose x-ray therapy. The possibility of other
      cancer and of leukaemogenesis is also real. The evidence for this is reviewed and
      risk estimates given. Experimental work and radiation biology is reviewed and it
      is suggested that the risk of thyroid cancer from the usual radio-iodine doses
      given for treatment is low because of cell killing or sterilization, and animal
      evidence is discussed that supports this. The final position appears to be that
      no risk has yet been demonstrated in man and evidence in general suggests that if
      there is indeed a cancer risk it will be less than about 0.1%. It is suggested
      that this is not dissimilar to surgical risks, except that these are more
      immediate as compared with the long latent period for development of radiation
      induced cancer. Genetic risks are also discussed and again have not been
      demonstrated in man from this treatment and should in any case be low. The risk
      to children is also considered; there is no direct evidence of risk but only
      small numbers have been treated--nevertheless the hypothetical risk may be
      counterbalanced by the benefits. Administration of radio-iodine therapy to
      pregnant or lactating women must be scrupulously avoided; both cause significant
      risks. Finally, if a more liberal policy be accepted it is worth while giving
      optimum treatment, and evidence is given suggesting low-dose treatment similar in
      effect to surgical thyroidectomy and followed temporarily if need be by anti
      thyroid drug treatment.

PMID- 4064353
TI  - Statistical methodology for evaluating gastrointestinal symptoms.

PMID- 4064354
TI  - Symptoms in gastroenterology.

PMID- 4064355
TI  - Oesophageal symptoms.

PMID- 4064356
TI  - Diarrhoea as a symptom.
AB  - Diarrhoea is a common symptom in all communities and in both general and hospital
      practice. Diarrhoeal diseases, particularly of infectious aetiology, are a huge
      health problem world-wide, causing much morbidity and mortality, especially
      amongst children. Although the symptom is almost universally understood, the
      definition of diarrhoea is difficult because of the wide variation in the bowel
      habits of normal individuals. Diarrhoea is, perhaps, best described as a change
      in bowel habit from normal with an increase in stool volume and/or fluidity with
      or without an increase in stool frequency. The disorders causing diarrhoea are
      many and various, but most episodes of diarrhoea are mild and self-limiting.
      However, all cases of chronic diarrhoea and all severe cases of acute diarrhoea
      require investigation after the initial clinical assessment. Investigation must
      be logical and structured and can be divided into three stages: the initial work
      up (sigmoidoscopy, stool examination, screening blood tests), anatomical and
      functional assessment of the gastrointestinal tract, and further investigation of
      the difficult case (osmotic or secretory diarrhoea?, hormone levels, tests for
      laxative abuse, perfusion studies, laparotomy, etc.) Most cases are diagnosed
      after clinical assessment or the initial work-up. In the remainder, there are
      usually clues to the diagnosis or to the area of the gastrointestinal tract which
      needs to be investigated. Only a small number of cases require extensive
      investigation including the third stage of work-up. Analysis of the symptom of
      diarrhoea requires all the attributes of the good physician: wide clinical
      experience, careful history and examination, diagnostic and therapeutic acumen, a
      sound understanding of normal and abnormal physiology, skill and experience in
      selecting the appropriate investigations and interpreting their results,
      meticulous attention to detail and finally, a caring and sympathetic attitude to
      the patient.

PMID- 4064357
TI  - Symptoms of food allergy.
AB  - Adverse reactions to foods can be due to many causes, but only those involving an
      immunological mechanism can be defined as food allergic disease. An increasing
      number of gastrointestinal and other diseases are being shown to involve food
      intolerances. Immediate reactions with symptoms within hours of eating a
      particular food are most readily shown to be due to food allergy and are often
      associated with the presence of food-specific IgE as shown by skin prick tests
      and RASTs. When reactions are delayed for 24 to 48 hours or more, underlying food
      intolerance is harder to recognize and much less often shown to be due to
      allergy. At present, diagnosis and management depends on dietary manipulation,
      showing that symptoms improve on food avoidance and are reproduced by food
      challenge (preferably double-blind). Further understanding of the mechanisms
      involved in food allergy, in Crohn's disease and irritable bowel syndrome may
      allow the development of simple tests to identify the foods concerned and
      perhaps, in the case of allergic disease, cure by the induction of tolerance.

PMID- 4064358
TI  - Direct and maternal aspects of the risk of cataract with partial disorders of
      galactose metabolism.
AB  - Partial deficiencies of the enzymes of galactose metabolism can be associated
      with cataract, both directly and through maternal effects during pregnancy on
      enzymatically normal children. However, the associations are modest, variable and
      not obviously expressing cause and effect. We have recorded ophthalmological and
      biochemical observations including oral galactose tolerance on families with
      established enzyme deficiencies and/or cataracts, including possible effects
      during pregnancy. With the partial disorders a simple relationship between the
      extent of biochemical abnormality and the risk of cataract is not apparent and
      the association may be substantially coincidental. Cataract is common, and the
      attractive possibility that expression is significantly due to heterozygous or
      lesser deficiency of the enzymes of galactose metabolism, amenable to early
      dietary control of children or mothers at risk, is on present evidence not well
      supported.

PMID- 4064359
TI  - The size of prometaphase chromosome segments. Tables using percentages of haploid
      autosome length (750 band stage).
AB  - Tables of prometaphase chromosome segment sizes (750 band stage) are presented in
      units of percentage of haploid autosome length designating the distances from
      interband borders to telomeres. The Tables utilize ISCN (1981) nomenclature.

PMID- 4064360
TI  - X inactivation patterns in two syndromes with probable X-linked dominant, male
      lethal inheritance.
AB  - For Incontinentia pigmenti Bloch-Sulzberger (IP) and Aicardi syndrome, an X
      linked dominant transmission with lethality in hemizygous males has been
      proposed. The typical transition from inflammation to verrucous hypertrophy and
      hyperpigmented skin areas in IP suggests a gradual replacement of defective cells
      by normal cells. This would imply a preferential inactivation of the X chromosome
      carrying the IP gene with a proliferative advantage of this cell population. We
      have confirmed this hypothesis by demonstrating that the same X chromosome is
      preferentially active in fibroblasts grown from normal and hyperpigmented skin of
      an affected girl. In contrast, X inactivation was random in a girl with Aicardi
      syndrome.

PMID- 4064361
TI  - Sotos syndrome--autosomal dominant inheritance substantiated.
AB  - Sotos syndrome, or Cerebral Gigantism is recognised as the syndromic association
      of mental retardation, macrocephaly and prenatal onset of accelerated growth. A
      kindred has been investigated in which the father and 4 affected offspring all
      have the Sotos syndrome. Autosomal dominant inheritance has been postulated in
      the past, and the family conform to this genetic pattern.

PMID- 4064362
TI  - Trismus-pseudocamptodactyly syndrome in a Japanese family.
AB  - A family in which five individuals through three generations were affected with
      trismus-pseudocamptodactyly syndrome is reported. The propositus, an 8-year-old
      boy, had a right embedded ear, inability to open the mouth fully,
      pseudocamptodactyly and soft tissue syndactyly of the toes. His paternal
      grandmother, father, paternal uncle and his paternal cousin had
      pseudocamptodactyly. The occurrence of the syndrome in this Japanese family
      indicates that the syndrome is not exclusively of Dutch origin.

PMID- 4064363
TI  - Cortical blindness, growth and psychomotor retardation and postaxial polydactyly:
      a probably distinct autosomal recessive syndrome.
AB  - A 14-month-old female infant with a syndrome mainly consisting of cortical
      blindness, psychomotor retardation and postaxial polydactyly (type B in hands and
      type A in feet) was studied. Two deceased sibs were similarly affected.
      Differential diagnosis and the review of medical literature permit the
      individualization of a distinct syndrome with a probable autosomal recessive
      pattern of inheritance.

PMID- 4064364
TI  - A Weaver-like syndrome with endocrinological abnormalities in a boy and his
      mother.
AB  - A boy and his mother had dysmorphic features and accelerated growth of prenatal
      onset suggestive of the Weaver syndrome. Both had endocrinologic abnormalities.
      The boy had very low, hGH, which did not respond to stimulation. The mother had
      low, non-stimulate hGH hyperprolactinemia with secondary amenorrhea and
      galactorrhea. This is the first report of a mother to son transmission of the
      condition.

PMID- 4064365
TI  - Maternal cell contamination in chorionic villi cultures--exclusion by chromosomal
      fluorescence polymorphisms.

PMID- 4064367
TI  - Variable clinical presentation of cutis laxa.
AB  - We present 2 families with 4 individuals suffering from congenital cutis laxa.
      Family A has a single affected male child with developmental delay and
      ligamentous laxity, making this only the second male of the total 15 patients so
      far reported with this particular syndrome. Family B has 3 affected males, 2 of
      whom have significant involvement of other systems. Only one of the 4 affected
      children had very obvious loose skin folds and dependency on this clinical
      feature alone could result in under-diagnosis of this disease. The clinical
      features and family pedigree information suggests recessive inheritance in Family
      B but the mode of inheritance in Family A is inconclusive.

PMID- 4064366
TI  - Dandy-Walker malformation: etiologic heterogeneity and empiric recurrence risks.
AB  - The Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) includes hydrocephalus, incomplete cerebellar
      vermis and a posterior fossa cyst. Genetic influences and recurrence risks for
      DWM have not been well characterized. We report a retrospective study of 21
      autopsy-proven cases of DWM and review the literature regarding an additional 92
      subjects. DWM represents marked genetic and etiologic heterogeneity. Recurrence
      risk for siblings may be high when DWM is associated with a single gene disorder
      such as the autosomal recessive Warburg and Meckel-Gruber syndromes. DWM may also
      result from chromosomal anomalies or environmental factors. When the evidence
      suggests that DWM has not occurred as part of a Mendelian or chromosomal disorder
      then the recurrence risk is relatively low (on the order of 1 to 5%). There
      appears to be an increased frequency of the association of DWM with congenital
      heart disease, cleft lip/palate and neural tube defects. Based on our study we
      provide guidelines for the genetic counseling of families having a child with
      DWM.

PMID- 4064368
TI  - Lethal and non-lethal diastrophic dysplasia. A study of 14 Swedish cases.
AB  - A clinical study was performed on 14 patients with diastrophic dysplasia (DD),
      including three pairs of sibs. Six of these patients, including two pairs of
      sibs, died shortly after birth of respiratory and circulatory insufficiency. We
      consider these six patients to represent a special lethal variant of DD. In all
      infants with the lethal variant of DD the birth weight was lower than in those
      with the non-lethal variant. There were also roentgenological differences between
      these two groups. Overlapping in joints and dislocation of the cervical spine
      were seen in all the lethal cases. In addition, four of the six patients with
      lethal DD cases had a congenital heart defect, and none in the non-lethal group.

PMID- 4064369
TI  - Umbilical dysmorphology. The importance of contemplating the belly button.
AB  - Characteristic abnormalities of the umbilicus have been noted in children with
      Aarskog syndrome, Reiger syndrome, and Robinow syndrome. These observations
      indicate that specific umbilical configurations may be characteristic features of
      some malformation syndromes. Evaluation of the umbilicus for minor anomalies
      should be included in the examination of a dysmorphic child.

PMID- 4064370
TI  - Risk calculations in genetic counselling--a simple approximation to probabilities
      in the normal distribution.

PMID- 4064371
TI  - Centromere heteromorphism in chromosome 19.

PMID- 4064372
TI  - IgM, IgA and IgG producing cells in cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood in
      multiple sclerosis.
AB  - The protein A plaque assay was used to enumerate IgM, IgA and IgG producing cells
      per 20 X 10(3) lymphocytes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood (PB)
      from 37 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and in PB from healthy controls.
      Fifty-seven percent of the MS patients displayed in CSF cells producing IgM, 70%
      IgA and 89% IgG. IgM or IgA producing cells predominated in CSF from 10 patients,
      IgG in 27. Immunoglobulin producing cells were often present when the
      corresponding CSF Ig index was normal, confirming that enumeration of Ig
      producing cells is a more sensitive variable of the intrathecal immune status. No
      Ig producing cells were found in CSF from four patients with tension headache,
      indicating absence of intrathecal Ig synthesis in healthy individuals. The
      patients with MS had higher numbers of IgM, IgA and IgG producing cells in PB
      than healthy controls, confirming occurrence of an extrathecal B cell response in
      MS. Active and stable MS patients did not differ regarding Ig producing cells in
      CSF nor in PB, which speaks in favour of continuous immune activity within as
      well as outside the CNS independent of clinical symptoms.

PMID- 4064374
TI  - Role of lymphocyte blastogenesis to Toxoplasma gondii antigens in containment of
      chronic, latent T. gondii infection in humans.
AB  - Lymphocyte blastogenic transformation in response to Toxoplasma lysate antigen
      was markedly impaired in six of eight patients with chronic, latent Toxoplasma
      gondii infection and treated Hodgkin's disease. None of these patients with serum
      antibody to T. gondii measured by the Sabin Feldman Dye test and impaired
      lymphocyte transformation to T. gondii antigens had clinical or serologic
      evidence of disseminated, active infection with T. gondii. Partial depletion of
      adherent mononuclear leukocytes improved the impaired lymphocyte transformation
      of three of six patients; treatment of cultures from all patients with
      indomethacin improved their blastogenic transformation but culture with normal
      heterologous serum did not. These studies indicate that lymphocyte blastogenic
      response to T. gondii antigens is impaired in some patients with chronic, latent
      T. gondii infection and treated Hodgkin's disease but that this impairment of
      lymphocyte function is not sufficient to cause reactivation of chronic, latent T.
      gondii infection.

PMID- 4064373
TI  - Gall bladder: the predominant source of bile IgA in man?
AB  - The sedimentation profiles of IgA and Secretory Component (SC) and the
      concentrations of IgA, IgG, IgM, SC and albumin were evaluated after an overnight
      fast in gall bladder bile of six adult subjects without hepatobiliary disease.
      The sedimentation profiles differed from those previously obtained in hepatic
      bile in three ways: gall bladder bile contained a greater percentage of free-SC,
      a greater percentage of polymeric-IgA (p-IgA), and a major peak of 14 to 19 S p
      IgA associated to SC. In contrast to hepatic bile in which IgG is the predominant
      Ig, IgA clearly was the predominant Ig in gall-bladder bile, its concentration
      averaging 92 micrograms/ml. Relative-to-albumin coefficients of excretion of
      proteins in gall bladder bile averaged 0.99 for IgG, 8.6 for monomeric IgA, 196
      for p-IgA and 31 for IgM, indicating that there was a selective excretion of IgA
      and IgM into gall bladder bile. As compared to hepatic bile, the enrichment of
      gall bladder bile with IgA and IgM was respectively 6.5 and 11.5 times greater
      than with IgG. These results suggest that quite a significant amount of p-IgA
      could have been added to bile during its storage in the gall bladder which should
      therefore be regarded as the predominant source of bile IgA in humans.

PMID- 4064375
TI  - Cholera antibody production in vitro by peripheral blood lymphocytes following
      oral immunization of humans and mice.
AB  - We have studied specific antibody production from peripheral blood lymphocytes
      (PBL) after oral cholera immunization of humans and mice. Two oral immunizations
      with cholera toxin (CT) in mice or a single dose of the combined cholera B
      subunit/whole cell vaccine in humans gave rise to PBL which spontaneously
      secreted cholera-specific antibodies when cultured in vitro. A high proportion of
      IgA antibodies was seen in contrast to antibodies produced by PBL after
      parenteral immunization which were predominantly IgG. Cultured PBL produced
      antitoxin as well as anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies after oral immunization,
      whereas serum only revealed titre rises for anti-CT. Antibody-secreting PBL
      appeared in the blood 2-4 days after immunization and persisted for about two
      weeks with a peak after 6-8 days. Mitogen stimulation in vitro of PBL from
      multiply-orally vaccinated humans activated a population of specific IgM antibody
      secreting cells which persisted for several months following immunization,
      suggesting the presence of long-lived memory cells. The analysis of IgA antibody
      production from in-vitro cultured PBL seems to be a promising technique to assess
      the local immunogenicity of oral vaccines.

PMID- 4064376
TI  - Lack of effect of splenic regrowth on the reduced antibody responses to
      pneumococcal polysaccharides in splenectomized patients.
AB  - The experiments were to determine if ectopic splenic tissue in humans would
      restore to normal those antibody responses which are reduced in patients who have
      been splenectomized. The IgM and IgG antibody response to subcutaneous injection
      of polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PNEUMOVAX) was determined in
      34 patients who had been splenectomized for trauma and 14 controls, by measuring
      the concentration of antibody specific for five of the serotypes in the vaccine
      in serum samples taken before and 1 month after the immunization. The patients
      had significantly lower post-immunization concentrations of IgM antibody for
      three of the five serotypes measured, and IgG for two of the five. The antibody
      response to the immunization was assessed by comparing the post- to the pre
      immunization concentration of antibody by analysis of covariance. The patients
      had a significantly lower IgM response to three of the five serotypes measured
      and IgG response to four of the five. It is concluded that in adult humans the
      spleen is important in the maintenance of normal humoral immune responses. The
      presence and degree of ectopic splenic regrowth (splenosis) in the splenectomized
      patients was assessed by a spleen-specific radio-isotopic scan. There was no
      difference between patients with splenosis and those without, or between those
      with different degrees of splenosis, in any of the parameters of the antibody
      response measured. This is in vivo evidence indicating that ectopic splenic
      tissue in humans does not normalize the altered antibody responses observed
      following splenectomy.

PMID- 4064377
TI  - Defective host defence mechanisms in a family with hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia
      and coexisting interstitial lung disease.
AB  - An extensive in vitro investigation of the host defence system was performed in
      11 sibs of a large kindred with unexplained combination of familial hypocalciuric
      hypercalcaemia (FHH), interstitial lung disease and increased susceptibility to
      respiratory infections. The impairment of host defence mechanism was most likely
      related to granulocyte dysfunction. A severe myeloperoxidase deficiency was the
      most consistent granulocyte defect (P less than 0.001) and it was associated with
      a relatively diminished chemiluminescence (P less than 0.001). Moreover, a
      significantly diminished antistaphylococcal phagocytic (P less than 0.001) and
      killing (P less than 0.001) activity was found which in the absence of any
      opsonizing defect implicates an intrinsic granulocyte dysfunction. We found no
      abnormalities in number of B and T lymphocytes nor in the balance between helper
      and suppressor cells determined with monoclonal antibodies. Despite the recurrent
      infections no elevations of the immunoglobulin subclasses were found. The
      relationship between the inherited FHH, interstitial lung disease and
      susceptibility to respiratory infections remains obscure. It is, however, clear
      that impairment of the host defence might contribute to a decreased life
      expectancy in this family.

PMID- 4064378
TI  - Sequential sodium therapy allows correction of sodium-volume balance and reduces
      morbidity.
AB  - We investigated whether individually adjusting Na+ dialysis levels (Na+Di)
      combined with Na+ and UFR (ultrafiltration rate) programming, and a sodium/volume
      model (sequential sodium therapy, SST) can improve the end stage renal failure
      (ESRD) patient's homeostatic equilibrium intra- and interdialytically. One
      hundred and fifty patients were included in the study over a one year period. The
      results show that the patients are divided into two groups: 50 patients respond
      according to the sodium/volume model developed by F. Gotch [1983]. In this group
      it is possible to predict pre- and post dialysis plasma Na+ concentration (Na+o,
      Na+t) as a function of Na+Di and it becomes possible to choose Na+Di to allow
      Na+o and Na+t to virtually coincide, eliminating severe shifts in plasma
      tonicity. In the second group two subgroups can be distinguished: excess Na+ or
      excess H2O post dialysis, without possible correction at a single sodium level.
      SST corrects sodium/volume balance in this group by using sequential intermittent
      hypo or hypertonic dialysate, combined with fluid removal adapted to each
      episode. In both groups there was a significant improvement in the clinical
      condition of the patients who previously were less equilibrated. It is possible
      to conclude that SST improves tolerance intradialytically and achieves better
      equilibrium interdialytically. Implementation of SST requires precise control of
      the concentrate and the water, and equipment adapted for accurate, programmable
      sequential control of Na+Di and ultrafiltration rate.

PMID- 4064379
TI  - Acute tubular necrosis associated with cephalexin therapy.

PMID- 4064380
TI  - IgA nephropathy preceding liver cirrhosis.

PMID- 4064381
TI  - Noninvasive evaluation of intracardiac pressures using Doppler ultrasound: a case
      study of panvalvular regurgitation.
AB  - Doppler velocity signals from regurgitant valve flow can be used to calculate
      pressure gradients across incompetent valves by a modification of the Bernoulli
      equation. Analysis of these gradients provides clinically useful, noninvasive
      information about cardiac chamber pressures. This study presents an unusual case
      of cardiomyopathy with panvalvular regurgitation which demonstrates the major
      methods of pressure analysis using Doppler signals from regurgitant valves.

PMID- 4064382
TI  - Effect of oral alcohol on left ventricular ejection fraction, volumes, and
      segmental wall motion in normals and in patients with recent myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - A first-pass nuclear angiogram and a multiple-gated acquisition study were
      obtained in 10 normal physicians and in 10 patients with a 7-to-10 day old
      transmural myocardial infarction. After the scan the subjects drank 2 oz. of
      whiskey. After 60 minutes, the multiple-gated acquisition study was repeated. In
      the normal group the left ventricular ejection fraction was 68% before and 72%
      after alcohol. The left ventricular end-diastolic volume increased from 89 to 97
      ml while the left ventricular end-systolic volume decreased from 29 to 27 ml. The
      stroke volume rose from 61 to 70 ml/beat (p less than 0.05). The cardiac output
      increased from 4.0 to 5.0 l/min (p less than 0.05). In the infarction group, the
      left ventricular ejection fraction was 58% before and 56% after alcohol
      administration. The left ventricular end-diastolic volume fell from 111 to 96 ml,
      while the left ventricular end-systolic volume declined from 50 to 44 ml. The
      stroke volume fell from 61 to 52 ml/beat, while the cardiac output fell from 4.5
      to 3.8 l/min. In the left ventricular infarction zones, alcohol produced in 9 of
      the 10 cardiac patients a decline in the left ventricular regional ejection
      fraction. In the normal group, alcohol produced no significant changes in the
      regional ejection fraction. The normal and the postinfarction patients responded
      differently to alcohol.

PMID- 4064383
TI  - M-mode echocardiography in supine and standing position in control subjects and
      patients with auscultatory evidence of mitral valve prolapse but negative supine
      echocardiography: does sensitivity improve?
AB  - Approximately 10-20% of patients with auscultatory evidence of mitral valve
      prolapse (MVP) have "false negative" echocardiograms. Pharmacological maneuvers
      do not significantly improve the sensitivity and may cause side effects. It is
      well known that auscultatory features of MVP change and not uncommonly can be
      heard only in the standing position. Therefore M-mode echo was performed in both
      supine and standing positions in 10 normal control subjects and 25 patients of
      comparable age and sex who had auscultatory evidence of MVP but negative echo in
      supine position. All 10 control subjects had normal echo in both supine and
      standing positions. No instance of false positive MVP was noted. Of the 25
      patients with "false negative" supine echo, 5 showed evidence of MVP (3
      pansystolic and 2 late systolic) in standing position. Based on these results the
      following conclusions were reached. In normal individuals the MVE remains
      uninfluenced by change in posture. There is modest (20%) improvement in
      sensitivity of detecting MVP when M-mode echo is performed in standing position
      in addition to supine position. Change in posture is preferable to the use of
      pharmacological maneuver to improve the sensitivity of detecting MVP because it
      is physiological, devoid of any cost, and does not produce side effects. M-mode
      echo in standing position or two-dimensional echo in supine position can be used
      to confirm the diagnosis of MVP in those patients who have "false negative"
      and/or nondiagnostic supine echo in the presence of auscultatory features of
      midsystolic click and mid- or late-systolic murmurs.

PMID- 4064384
TI  - Successful management of atrial flutter in a newborn with verapamil.
AB  - Verapamil has become a popular antiarrhythmic drug for the acute management of
      supraventricular tachycardia in infants and children. A full-term, 1-hour-old
      infant presented with supraventricular tachycardia and hypotension that did not
      respond to vagal maneuvers and direct current cardioversion. After intravenous
      verapamil, the heart rate slowed and the underlying rhythm was atrial flutter.

PMID- 4064385
TI  - Cerebral polygyria in the Chiari Type II (Arnold-Chiari) malformation.
AB  - Abnormalities of the cerebral cortical pattern have been observed in association
      with the Chiari Type II malformation and described as polymicrogyria, microgyria,
      stenogyria or polygyria. In order to characterize and quantify these
      abnormalities, the sulcal patterns of the brains of 15 patients with the Chiari
      Type II malformation were compared with those of 10 pediatric controls without
      cerebral malformations. In this analysis, sulci were grouped by anatomical
      characteristics into three categories. The first category, the fissures, were
      represented by the long, deep indentions in the cerebral cortex such as the
      Sylvian fissure. The second category, the principal sulci, were represented by
      the shorter, named, anatomically consistent sulci such as the superior frontal
      sulcus. The third category contained the minor sulci which were defined as those
      shallow grooves which depressed the cortical surface but were not recognizable as
      consistent anatomical landmarks. Subjectively all brains with Chiari Type II
      malformations demonstrated abnormal gyral patterns. These brains exhibited
      abnormalities in the number and distribution of principal and/or minor sulci.
      Sulcal density, defined as the length of sulcus per square millimeter of cortical
      area, was quantitated utilizing a computer assisted digitizer program. For the
      brains with the Chiari Type II malformations, the length of all sulci (principal
      and minor combined) per square mm was 0.238 +/- 0.045 mm-1 as compared with the
      control patients whose value was 0.182 +/ 0.021 mm-1 (t = .0015). Average length
      per square millimeter of principal sulci was 0.176 +/- 0.029 mm-1 as compared
      with 0.132 +/- 0.015 mm-1 (t = .0002) for the control brains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4064386
TI  - Thalamic lesions in a patient with Menkes kinky-hair disease.
AB  - The thalamus in a patient with Menkes kinky-hair disease showed lesions involving
      the large association and specific sensory relay nuclei and sparing the
      nonspecific sensory relay nuclei. The results confirm the findings of Iwata et
      al. [1979] but add the notion of a relative sparing of the microneurons which
      represent 40-50% of the normal neuronal population in the medialis formation and
      35-40% in the posterior formation [Dom 1976]. Although axonal and/or cortical
      neuronal damage has contributed some retrograde lesions, a primary thalamic
      degeneration probably represents the most important pathogenetic factor. Whether
      this degeneration results specifically from the deficiency of enzymes operative
      in copper metabolism in some thalamic nuclei only remains purely speculative. Its
      clinical significance within the syndrome dominated by a severe psychomotor
      retardation cannot be evaluated.

PMID- 4064387
TI  - Wallenberg syndrome caused by CSF metastasis from malignant intraventricular
      meningioma.
AB  - A 34-year-old male developed a malignant transitional meningioma of the left
      lateral ventricle at the trigone. Over a 12-month period, he underwent three
      apparently complete excisions and one course of radiation therapy, but each time
      developed rapid local recurrence. The tumor recurred a fourth time seven months
      following the third operation, was excised, and the patient referred for
      intracarotid chemotherapy infusion. A left Wallenberg syndrome was noted on exam
      and CT scan demonstrated a posterior fossa mass. He died two weeks post-infusion
      from bronchopneumonia, 21 months after initial presentation. At autopsy, the
      tumor appeared more sarcomatous and had metastasized via the cerebrospinal fluid
      to the left dorsal medulla as well as to the surface of the pineal gland, the
      left cerebellar surface, and to several levels of the spinal cord. No extraneural
      metastases were found.

PMID- 4064389
TI  - A comparison of discectomy and chemonucleolysis.
AB  - When comparing two treatment modalities in the care of a herniated nucleus
      pulposus causing unremitting sciatica, it is difficult to be certain of complete
      accuracy, despite attentive evaluation. Eight series of patients are presented
      which compare the effectiveness of discectomy versus chemonucleolysis. Overall
      evaluation concludes that a similar success rate is obtained as an end result
      with proper patient selection, technically acceptable treatment, and intelligent
      follow-up study. Assured potency of the chymopapain is an added consideration in
      chemonucleolysis. There is evidence of significant decrease in hospitalization
      time and morbidity in the good result with chymopapain injection. The major
      advantage of a successful result in the use of chymopapain over discectomy is the
      absence of postoperative fibrosis, a compelling reason for the consideration of
      the enzyme in the treatment of a herniated nucleus pulposus where conservative
      measures have failed.

PMID- 4064388
TI  - Orthotopic and ectopic chondrogenesis and osteogenesis mediated by neoplastic
      cells.
AB  - In mice, tumors of various origins have been found to stimulate cambium layer
      cells of periosteum/ perichondrium of adjacent orthotopic bone or cartilage to
      proliferate and/or differentiate into osteoblasts or chondroblasts. Tumors may
      induce new bone and/or cartilage formation. In progressively growing tumors the
      osteogenic/chondrogenic activity is gradually surpassed by the resorptive
      processes mediated either by osteoclasts, directly by tumor cells, or by tumor
      stroma. In regressing tumors, however, the deposits of new bone remained
      unresorbed, resulting in a permanent gain of bone mass. In human subjects,
      similar changes were observed in bone adjacent to carcinoma development.
      Stimulation of periosteal bone formation was observed at earlier stages of the
      disease, while bone resorption mainly by tumor cells and their stroma was
      observed in later stages of tumor development. The unresponsiveness of the
      heterotopically-induced bone to the Moloney sarcoma virus, in contrast to the
      response of orthotopic bone clearly indicates that ectopic bones do not develop a
      true periosteum.

PMID- 4064390
TI  - Cervical spine surgery. Past, present, and future potential.

PMID- 4064391
TI  - Segmental vascular changes in the femoral head in children and adults.
AB  - The segmental nature of the avascular involvement of the femoral head in both
      children and adults is similar. Avascular necrosis may be wrongly interpreted
      from roentgenograms in infancy, irregular ossification may be due to altered
      stress on the femoral head. The segment involved in Legg-Perthes' disease is
      superior and lateral to the fovea in an area supplied by a branch of the lateral
      epiphyseal artery. Secondary changes occur due to the separation of the dead
      segment from the living bone. Theron demonstrated the vascular interruption with
      micro-injection techniques in both child and adult. Finite analysis of the
      femoral head revealed the distortion of the computer model at the site of the
      branches of the lateral epiphyseal artery. Trauma with vascular interruption
      within the femoral head appears to explain the avascular segment.

PMID- 4064392
TI  - Orthopedic (Andry) iconography.

PMID- 4064393
TI  - Studies on the association of the tetracyclines with mineralized tissue.
AB  - The course of work directed by Dr. Marshall R. Urist concerning the chemistry of
      the complexes between tetracyclines, bones, and the various other tissues is a
      landmark in hard tissue biology. These pioneer studies helped provide the
      biochemical basis of now standard methods of determining rates of turnover of
      mineralized tissues.

PMID- 4064394
TI  - Malakoplakia of bone. An unusual cause of pathologic fracture in an
      immunosuppressed patient.
AB  - Malakoplakia is a distinctive type of histiocytic inflammatory reaction that
      occurs most commonly in the urinary tract and is usually due to infection by
      coliform bacteria. A 68-year-old woman developed a pathologic fracture of the
      right femoral neck secondary to malakoplakia of bone. The patient had received
      multiagent chemotherapy for a malignant lymphoma prior to the development of
      malakoplakia. Chemotherapy-related leukopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia resulted
      in Escherichia coli cystitis and sepsis. Bacterial cultures of tissue from the
      femoral fracture site also grew E. coli. Presumably, hematogenous spread of the
      bacteria led to infection of the femoral neck. Prosthetic repair of the fracture
      and antibiotic therapy resulted in a good clinical response. This is the third
      case of malakoplakia involving bone that appears to have been reported in the
      literature. Malakoplakia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of
      lytic bone lesions that occur in immunosuppressed patients.

PMID- 4064395
TI  - Long-term review of ring total hip arthroplasty.
AB  - In a five- to 12-year follow-up survey of 179 sequential cementless Ring metal-on
      metal total hip arthroplasties, 55 (31%) of the patients were found to have died
      as a result of nonorthopedic conditions. Analysis of the records demonstrated
      that 20% of these patients had had poor results attributable to pain. Of the
      remaining 124 patients, 116 (94%) attended for full clinical and radiologic
      review yielding a total of 154 hips. Using Ring's classification, 75 hips were
      judged to have excellent or good results. Forty-one hips were graded as fair or
      poor as a result of pain, and an additional 15 hips were revised for symptomatic
      loosening. There were five cases of Brooker Grade IV periarticular ossification,
      four cases of gross metal reaction requiring prosthetic removal, and two cases of
      infection. There was considerable variation in the radiographic appearance of the
      hips, and at times radiographic changes were inconsistent with clinical symptoms.
      Eleven of the revised hips were converted to longer and larger-diameter
      uncemented Ring femoral components. Nine of these yielded only fair or poor
      results at the time of review, whereas both cases in which the femoral component
      was cemented were associated with good results.

PMID- 4064396
TI  - Ender rod versus compression screw fixation of hip fractures.
AB  - Eighty-seven matched pairs of patients with extracapsular hip fractures were
      treated with either Ender rod or compression screw and plate fixation. The data
      obtained both perioperatively and from one to 39 months postoperatively showed no
      significant differences with respect to infection rate, mortality, length of
      stay, or ultimate functional status. In the Ender rod group, 66.7% of the
      patients experienced technical problems, compared with 10.3% of patients in the
      compression screw group. The Ender technique offered few practical advantages and
      an unacceptably high level of problems, even when patients with only stable
      fractures were considered.

PMID- 4064397
TI  - Pelvic ring disruptions with symphysis pubis diastasis. Indications, technique,
      and limitations of anterior internal fixation.
AB  - The management of disruption of the pelvic ring is both complex and
      controversial. Twenty-four injuries associated with symphysis pubis diastasis
      were reviewed to evaluate a two-hole plate technique of anterior internal
      fixation as compared to four-hole plate anterior fixation. The two-hole plate
      technique appears to be quite acceptable for maintaining reduction of the
      diastasis and therefore can be used to manage most anteroposterior compression
      injuries (those without complete posterior disruption). Vertical shear injuries,
      all of which are grossly unstable, can also be managed with anterior two-hole
      plates. However, this fixation method must be supplemented with some form of
      posterior stabilization to maintain pelvic ring reduction.

PMID- 4064398
TI  - Closed Zickel nailing.
AB  - A closed technique for Zickel nail insertion decreases morbidity, blood loss, and
      operative time. The Zickel intramedullary nail was originally developed as an
      open fixation device for fractures of the proximal third of the femur and
      subtrochanteric area. The open technique requires a lengthy incision, moderate
      blood loss, and time for insertion. For pathologic or impending pathologic
      fractures in sick patients, such a major operation is undesirable. The closed
      technique has been used successfully in five impending pathologic, three
      pathologic, and two traumatic subtrochanteric fractures. For these ten patients,
      the average operating time was one hour and 28 minutes with an average blood loss
      of 400 ml, a reduction of 40 minutes and 460 ml, respectively, over other
      available data. Time to ambulation and length of hospital stay are comparable to
      fractures treated openly. The closed technique is ideal for impending pathologic
      fractures, but may also be applicable to any pathologic or traumatic fractures
      that do not require an open procedure for alignment or supplementary fixation.

PMID- 4064399
TI  - Subcapital fracture complicating an intertrochanteric fracture.
AB  - A previously undescribed type of fracture of the neck of femur occurred following
      intertrochanteric fracture fixation with a McLaughlin nail plate in an 80-year
      old woman. This complication was probably caused by prolonged non-weight-bearing
      and inadequate fixation. The complication possibly could have been avoided by use
      of a dynamic hip screw and early weight-bearing.

PMID- 4064400
TI  - Tuberculosis joint infection following total knee arthroplasty.
AB  - Delayed onset tuberculosis infection appeared in a total knee implant in a 61
      year-old former coal miner. After a five-day interval the knee was salvaged by
      removal, aggressive debridement, suction-irrigation, and reinsertion.
      Antituberculosis drugs were administered immediately following surgery on the
      basis of the characteristic exudate and stat histologic sections showing
      granulomata formation. At one year follow-up examination the result was
      excellent. Retention of the total knee implant is a viable alternative to
      arthrodesis or fibrous ankylosis of the knee in such a case. Tuberculosis should
      be included in the differential diagnosis in patients with knee joint
      degenerative disease.

PMID- 4064401
TI  - Posterior shoulder approach.
AB  - A posterior shoulder surgical approach combines the subperiosteal detachment of
      the deltoid from the scapular spine, described by McWhorter, with a lateral
      extension to include the lateral deltoid splitting of Codman. The glenohumeral
      joint is superiorly approached between the supraspinatus and infraspinatus
      tendons, or inferiorly between the infraspinatus and teres minor tendons. This
      approach was used in 42 shoulders with rotator cuff tears or posterior
      instability without complications of infection, failure of deltoid healing, or
      compromise of suprascapular or axillary nerves. This combined surgical approach
      provides excellent exposure of the superior and posterior shoulder, which is
      difficult to obtain by anterior or superior approaches. This approach may be used
      for repair of rotator cuff tears, posterior instability, and displaced posterior
      glenoid fractures.

PMID- 4064402
TI  - Reconstruction of the proximal humerus with tibial autografts after resection of
      osteochondroma in adolescents.
AB  - In a series of five adolescents with osteochondroma of the proximal humerus,
      resection of the tumor was followed by reconstruction with an autogeneic tibial
      bone graft. The indications for resection were pain, progressive swelling, and
      functional impairment. Bone grafting was a precautionary measure against stress
      fractures caused by the resection of cortical bone surrounding the tumor tissues.
      On the basis of follow-up examinations with an average of 61 months, the
      procedure is evaluated as safe and effective.

PMID- 4064403
TI  - Cubitus varus deformity following supracondylar fracture of the humerus. A method
      for measuring rotational deformity.
AB  - Cubitus varus following supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children
      consists of varus, hyperextension, and internal rotation deformities of the
      distal bone fragment of the humerus. There has been no simple clinical method of
      measuring internal rotation deformity. The authors report here on a method of
      accurately measuring the internal rotation of the shoulder in a position with the
      elbow at 90 degrees flexion on the back and the shoulder held at the maximum
      extension. When a patient with developing cubitus varus attempts to rotate his
      shoulder internally, there is an apparent increase in the degree of internal
      rotation at the shoulder of the fractured side. The mean value of the angle
      formed between the horizontal plane of the back and the mid-line of the forearm
      was approximately 0 degrees in 217 normal children, whereas an increase of 35
      degrees was seen in seven children with cubitus varus. When this angle was
      corrected successfully, the angle after surgical correction became approximately
      0 degrees. In the treatment of cubitus varus deformity, it is necessary to
      simultaneously correct three-dimensional deformities.

PMID- 4064404
TI  - Closed fractures complicated by acute hematogenous osteomyelitis.
AB  - Osteomyelitis developed at closed fracture sites in two children. The infection
      responded to antibiotic therapy, and the fractures healed without chronic
      infection developing, impairment of bone growth, or loss of function. It is rare
      for a closed fracture to develop acute hematogenous osteomyelitis, but the
      diagnosis should be considered in a child with a closed fracture in whom a fever
      develops or who complains of increasing pain after the fracture has been reduced
      and immobilized. In children, the condition has an excellent prognosis.

PMID- 4064405
TI  - Is immobilization adequate treatment of unstable burst fractures of the atlas? A
      case report with long-term follow-up evaluation.
AB  - The biomechanics and roentgenographic anatomy of the unstable burst fracture of
      the atlas are well known. A few reports in the literature depict a bony avulsion
      of the transverse ligament associated with this fracture. However, all patients
      were treated surgically, so the natural course of this injury is undocumented--in
      other words, it is not known if the bony avulsion will heal. This is a case
      report of a 38-year-old woman with burst fracture of the atlas associated with a
      bony avulsion of the transverse ligament treated nonsurgically. At follow-up
      examination three years later, the bony fragment had not healed, and atlantoaxial
      instability persisted. Nonsurgical treatment of this injury may have a role, but
      surgical stabilization will usually be required after the posterior arch heals.

PMID- 4064406
TI  - Correction of chin-on-chest deformity in ankylosing spondylitis through a
      fracture site. A case report.
AB  - Correction of flexion deformity is possible in patients with a fracture through
      the ankylosed spine. In a 68-year-old man the correction was sustained by skull
      tong traction, while the neurologic condition was monitored. Posterior fusion may
      improve stability as the bone of patients with ankylosing spondylitis tends to be
      osteoporotic.

PMID- 4064407
TI  - The rib-vertebra angles on the convexity and concavity of the spinal curve in
      infantile idiopathic scoliosis.
AB  - The components of Mehta's empirical rib-vertebra angle difference (RVAD) were
      observed as indicators of the prognosis in infantile idiopathic scoliosis (IIS).
      The following components were investigated in a retrospective study of 169
      children with IIS: (1) convex rib-vertebra angle (RVA); (2) concave RVA; (3)
      RVAD; (4) initial spinal curve angle; and (5) age at diagnosis. The convex RVA,
      but not the concave RVA, was found to correlate significantly with the initial
      spinal curve angle. This is consistent with the hypothesis that factors that
      determine spinal curve progression in IIS are related to those that lead to
      drooping of the ribs on the convexity of the thoracic spinal curve. In terms of
      prognosis, the convex RVA, which entailed one measurement, was as accurate as the
      RVAD, which entailed two measurements and a calculation. A convex RVA of less
      than 68 degrees on the initial radiograph usually indicates that a spinal curve
      will progress.

PMID- 4064408
TI  - The value of posterior decompression by laminectomy for malignant tumors of the
      spine.
AB  - A 20-year experience of decompression laminectomies is reviewed by studying the
      results from two teaching hospitals. Seventy percent of the patients received no
      benefit from the surgery. Thirty percent noted some improvement but their average
      survival time was limited to 18 weeks. This is not a very profitable procedure
      when considering associated neurological changes; the patient's longevity should
      be considered before recommending decompressive laminectomy.

PMID- 4064409
TI  - A new histologic approach to the differentiation of enchondroma and
      chondrosarcoma of the bones. A clinicopathologic analysis of 51 cases.
AB  - Fifty-one cases of central, hyalin cartilage tumors of the long and flat bones
      were analyzed. Although Grade 2 and 3 chondrosarcomas could be diagnosed on the
      basis of cytologic features alone, low-grade chondrosarcoma could not be
      adequately differentiated from pure, benign enchondroma(s) by cytology alone. The
      tumors can be distinguished by a new histologic approach based on tissue
      patterns. The crucial enchondroma patterns consist of multiple nodules of hyalin
      cartilage separated by normal marrow in conjunction with partial to complete
      encompassing plates of lamellar bone that conform to the irregular shapes of the
      cartilage nodules. The chondrosarcomatous patterns consist of a single confluent
      mass of cartilage, which commonly permeates the marrow, "trapping" host lamellar
      bone on all sides, and which forms bands of fibrosis between the confluent
      peripheral cartilage lobules. Other less common patterns included cartilagenous
      infiltration of the Haversian systems or marrow fat and/or the development of a
      soft tissue mass. A central secondary chondrosarcoma is defined as one that shows
      the combination of both the enchondromatous and chondrosarcomatous patterns. All
      18 of the pure enchondromas diagnosed by the methods proposed in this article
      behaved with strict benignity (i.e., without evidence of recurrence or metastasis
      with an average follow-up period of 7.2 years). The 33 primary and secondary
      chondrosarcomas diagnosed using the described patterns behaved with the predicted
      frequency of recurrence, metastasis, and patient demise.

PMID- 4064410
TI  - Rickets and osteopetrosis: the osteosclerotic (oc) mouse.
AB  - A new mouse osteopetrotic mutation, osteosclerosis, has been examined with
      respect to rickets. These osteopetrotic mice were hypocalcemic and
      hypophosphatemic, and had greatly thickened epiphyseal plates with abnormalities
      in matrix vesicles when compared with normal littermates. Such biochemic and
      morphologic manifestations of rickets in this osteopetrotic mutation may explain
      the failure of osteosclerotic mice to be cured by transplantation of bone marrow
      from normal littermates and indicate that vitamin D metabolism and matrix vesicle
      biochemistry warrant further study.

PMID- 4064411
TI  - Radiation-induced osteochondroma-like lesion in young rat radius.
AB  - To investigate the effects of radiation on the perichondrial groove of Ranvier in
      osteochondroma development, the external surface of the distal growth plate of
      the radius in both forelimbs of 30 ten-day-old rats was exposed to a single low
      dose of radiation (150 r), which was focused on the perichondrial groove. This
      induced the formation of a chondrocyte nest at the proximal external edge of the
      growth plate (five to nine days after irradiation). With advancing longitudinal
      growth of the bone, the chondrocyte nest occupied a diaphyseal position. At nine
      to 11 days the chondrocyte nest underwent endochondral ossification. At 13-15
      days, this osteochondroma-like lesion began to regress with the disappearance of
      the chondrocyte nest. After 19-21 days, only an irregularly thickened cortical
      bone remains at the osteochondroma site. Although the possible role of the growth
      plate subjacent to the irradiated perichondrial groove must be taken into
      account, the continuity between the perichondrial groove and the osteochondroma,
      which is separated from the growth plate by the periosteal ring (bone bark),
      suggests that the perichondrial groove was involved in osteochondroma-like lesion
      development.

PMID- 4064412
TI  - The effect of flexor sheath integrity on nutrient uptake by chicken flexor
      tendons.
AB  - The effect of varying degrees of flexor sheath integrity (sheath excised,
      incised, or incised and repaired) on the uptake of 3H-proline by chicken flexor
      tendons in Zone II was studied. The tendons were either: normal and uninjured,
      lacerated and repaired, or uninjured except for vinculum longum ligation.
      Different degrees of sheath integrity did not influence the uptake of 3H-proline
      by the tendons. The tendon does not appear to be dependent on a synovial
      environment for nutrients and is capable of obtaining these nutrients by
      diffusion from the surrounding extracellular tissue fluid. Diffusion is the
      primary nutrient pathway to the flexor tendon in this area, because removing its
      major vascular attachment (i.e., the vinculum longum) did not effect proline
      uptake. Careful closure of the sheath with restoration of a synovial environment
      does not appear to be necessary for tendon nutrition.

PMID- 4064413
TI  - Evaluation of sciatic nerve compromise during total hip arthroplasty.
AB  - Sciatic nerve function was monitored intraoperatively by somatosensory evoked
      potentials (SEP) in 50 patients during total hip arthroplasty. There were 12
      instances of temporary nerve compromise in ten patients: three during acetabular
      preparation due to retraction, one due to reamer contact, six during femoral
      reaming due to positioning, and two during trial reduction due to inadequate
      shortening of the femoral neck. The technique for monitoring, causes, and
      incidence of nerve compromise during total hip arthroplasty are discussed. SEP
      monitoring may be especially useful in revision surgery.

PMID- 4064414
TI  - Indentation stiffness of the cancellous bone in the distal human tibia.
AB  - Total ankle arthroplasties tend to fail mainly on the tibial side. Fifteen fresh
      amputation specimens were used for assessment of the stiffness of the cancellous
      bone in the distal tibia. Because all current ankle replacements sacrifice the
      subchondral bone plate, the change in stiffness of cancellous bone was studied in
      transverse sections taken proximal to the subchondral plate of the ankle. The
      articular cartilage was removed from the tibial plafond, and serial 1-cm sections
      were taken, radiographed, and tested in compression on an Instron 1125 Universal
      Testing machine with the use of a 4-mm-diameter indentor. In the distal tibia, it
      was found that subchondral bone has an elastic modulus on the order of 300-450
      MPa; removal of the subchondral bone plate reveals bone with a compressive
      resistance that is 30%-50% lower than with the bone plate intact; there is
      virtually no resistance to compression in the trabecular bone at a distance of
      more than 3 cm proximal to the subchondral bone plate; and stiffness
      characteristics in the distal tibia parallel the radiographic appearance of the
      trabeculae. The strongest cancellous bone in the region of the distal tibia is
      that near the subchondral bone plate. This material should be preserved, if
      possible, in the surgery for total ankle implants.

PMID- 4064415
TI  - The effect of anorexia nervosa on bone morphometry in young women.
AB  - Changes in bone morphometry during chronic undernutrition were evaluated in 14
      young women with anorexia nervosa (mean age +/- SEM = 25.5 +/- 4.4 yrs). Bone
      morphometry studies using the second metacarpal of the left hand showed
      significant depression for percent cortical area (p less than 0.05); cortical
      area (p less than 0.001) and combined cortical thickness (p less than 0.01) as
      compared to age, sex and race matched controls. A trend (p less than 0.10) was
      observed in study subjects for reductions in bone width and total area. Using
      percent cortical area (PCA) as the standard, subjects had mean cortical bone
      morphometry equivalent to 60-year-old women. Appendicular bone mass is
      significantly decreased in adults with anorexia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa should
      be considered in the differential diagnosis of osteopenia in young women, and
      serves as a model for studying the effects of chronic calorie and mineral
      malnutrition on bone remodeling at the time of attainment of peak bone mass.

PMID- 4064416
TI  - The effect of external skeletal fixation on bone healing and bone blood supply.
      An experimental study.
AB  - The effect of external skeletal fixation on blood supply and healing of the tibia
      was investigated in the New Zealand white rabbit. Bilateral osteotomies were made
      in ten rabbits. One osteotomy was stabilized with a small unilateral external
      fixator and the other with a conventional long-leg cast. The animals were killed
      at various intervals from one to ten weeks. Microsphere infusions indicated a
      greater blood supply in the cast-treated osteotomies after five weeks. Histologic
      examination showed that external fixation alters the proportions of periosteal
      and medullary ossification in the healing process. External fixation decreased
      the periosteal response but seemed to enhance both the endochondral ossification
      of callus and medullary ossification.

PMID- 4064417
TI  - Talectomy. A long-term follow-up evaluation.
AB  - Of 26 talectomies with an average follow-up period of 20 years, 24 (92%) were
      judged to have satisfactory results. The average age at surgery was 10.25 years;
      however, there is no ideal age for performing talectomies. The results seem to be
      equally good regardless of the preoperative deformity. The procedure did produce
      stable, painless plantigrade feet. Talectomy has a place in orthopedic surgery
      today. However, this drastic procedure is indicated only in those feet where the
      deformity is rigid and severe, where a plantigrade foot is required in patients
      who are younger than the age usually recommended for triple arthrodesis, and
      where experience has shown that other, less radical approaches would be
      unsatisfactory.

PMID- 4064418
TI  - Five stages of joint disintegration compared with range of motion in hemophilia.
AB  - The Arnold-Hilgartner roentgenographic method, categorizing hemophilic
      arthropathy into five stages, was evaluated in 270 hemophilic joints in terms of
      range of motion. The early stages, 0 or normal, Stage 1, and Stage 2, were
      associated with a 90% of normal or greater range of motion in the elbow, knee,
      and ankle, the three joints most commonly affected and studied here. These stages
      also showed the greatest variation between double-blind staging. The elbow showed
      the greatest degree of degeneration with the least loss of range of motion,
      whereas just the opposite was true for the ankle with the knee intermediate. With
      advanced arthropathy the mean arc for the elbow at Stage 3 was 127 degrees, Stage
      4 was 100 degrees, and Stage 5 was 78 degrees. For the knee, Stage 3 was 121
      degrees, Stage 4 was 95 degrees and Stage 5 was 47 degrees. For the ankle Stage 3
      was 55 degrees, Stage 4 was 44 degrees, and Stage 5 was 22 degrees. The early
      loss with no exceptions was extension of the elbow, flexion of the knee, and
      dorsiflexion of the ankle. Loss of cartilage joint space was the most important
      roentgenographic finding related to range of motion.

PMID- 4064419
TI  - The Charnley total hip arthroplasty in patients under age 40.
AB  - Considering the high morbidity in young individuals, the authors reviewed 73
      Charnley total hip arthroplasties in patients under age 40. The average follow-up
      period was 6.6 years. A total of 22 hips failed. Thirty-one hip arthroplasties
      were performed in normally ambulatory patients, with nine failures. Forty-two
      were performed in patients with limited locomotion, with 13 failures. The main
      cause of failure was loosening requiring revision (ten hips). There was
      radiologic evidence of progressive loosening in four other hips. Loss of
      trochanteric fixation required revision of six hips. Activity and rheumatoid
      disease were major contributing factors. Alternative methods of treatment should
      be considered in the young patient. When the operation is indicated, the greater
      trochanter must not be removed. It is hoped that cementless methods of fixation
      may produce a lower incidence of failure.

PMID- 4064420
TI  - Subsidence of the femoral prosthesis. A stereophotogrammetric evaluation.
AB  - A quantitative three-dimensional measurement method, radiographic
      stereophotogrammetry (SPG), was employed to assess the relation between early
      subsidence of the femoral prosthesis after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and
      subsequent clinical course. The SPG technique and the authors' error control
      mechanisms are described in 15 patients in the early postoperative period, and
      the findings are correlated with those of follow-up clinical examinations. Among
      the 12 patients who remained clinically asymptomatic with respect to pain, only
      one had an SPG estimate of subsidence in excess of 1 mm at any point in time.
      Each of the three patients who later became symptomatic had SPG estimates of
      subsidence in excess of 1.75 mm within six months of the operation. Thus far, the
      patient with the largest estimate of subsidence is the only one who required
      surgical revision.

PMID- 4064421
TI  - Pure posteromedial dislocation of the ankle joint. A case report.
AB  - A 25-year-old man demonstrated a complete dislocation of the tibiotalar joint,
      caused by an axial loading injury in which he had fallen to the ground with his
      foot and ankle in supination. This was associated with disruption of the lateral
      ligamentous complex. Management consisted of immediate reduction, intravenous
      antibiotics, formal debridement, and ankle immobilization in a short leg cast.
      Early and delayed follow-up evaluations have revealed no complications resulting
      from the injury. Only seven cases of open posterior medial tibiotalar dislocation
      seem to have been reported previously in the literature.

PMID- 4064422
TI  - Telemetric electromyographic analysis of muscle transferred to the os calcis.
AB  - Fifteen inphase muscle transfers to the os calcis from 11 patients with lower
      motor neuron paralysis were evaluated by means of telemetric electromyography
      during ambulation. In five of the limbs thus evaluated, electromyographic
      activity was found to resemble that of the normal triceps surae and had
      relatively normal proximal muscles. In ten limbs, contraction of the transferred
      muscle preceded heel strike. This was attributed primarily to proximal muscle
      weakness, which necessitated premature firing to ensure early knee extension
      during stance and hence to prevent the knee from buckling during weight-bearing.

PMID- 4064423
TI  - The side-to-side flap technique in below-the-knee amputation with long stump.
AB  - Wound healing, as well as surgical and prosthetic aspects of the residual limb,
      was investigated in the below-the-knee amputation using the side-to-side flap
      technique. Of 23 patients, 74% achieved primary wound healing. The stump length
      ranged from 27% to 70% of the normal limb, and the mean percentage was 56%. The
      group with long stumps did not show increased risk of wound complication. All the
      patients had a nonbulbous dome-shaped stump that posed no prosthetic difficulty.
      This technique allows the longest possible limb to be preserved, and expenditure
      of the least amount of energy in ambulation.

PMID- 4064424
TI  - Review of the operative treatment of Achilles tendon rupture.
AB  - Sixty-eight patients' charts were reviewed for ascertainment of the complication
      rate following operative repair of ruptured Achilles tendons. Ninety-two percent
      of 48 patients whose cases underwent clinical evaluation returned to their
      preinjury activity status: 13% had incisional complications, most of which
      resolved. The rerupture rate was 3% (2/68). The results of this series and a
      literature review show that operative treatment can be regarded as an acceptable
      method. Nonoperative treatment should be considered in a nonathletic patient over
      the age of 50 years because of potentially serious problems with wound healing.

PMID- 4064425
TI  - Functional anatomy of the ligaments of the elbow.
AB  - Dissections of 10 fresh cadaver specimens revealed an important insertion of the
      posterior portion of the lateral collateral ligament to the ulna at the crista
      supinatoris. The humeral origin of the medial ligament attachments was found to
      lie posterior to the axis of elbow flexion; in this position a cam effect is
      created so that ligament tension varies with elbow flexion. The three-dimensional
      distance between the origin and the insertion of the anterior portion of the
      medial collateral ligament was found to increase slightly from extension to
      approximately 60 degrees of flexion; thereafter, it remained nearly constant. The
      distance of the posterior portion increased by about 9 mm from 60 degrees to 120
      degrees of flexion. The flexion axis was shown to pass through the origin of the
      lateral collateral ligament, so the length of this structure was not changed
      during elbow flexion.

PMID- 4064426
TI  - Posterior fracture dislocation of the hip with fractures of the femoral head.
AB  - In general, all traumatic dislocations of the hip must be treated as surgical
      emergencies. Multiple attempts at closed reduction are contraindicated,
      particularly in Type V dislocations. Every effort must be made to recognize the
      dislocation, particularly in patients with other severe lower extremity trauma.
      Reduction within 24 hours gives better results than late reductions.
      Roentgenograms of the pelvis must include both hips after closed or open
      procedures as a check for a concentric reduction of the hip. Any abnormality, or
      failure to reduce the avulsed head fragment, demands an immediate hip arthrotomy.
      The good results, after primary open reduction, although under 50%, were better
      than closed or closed followed by open reduction. Our approach is to discard the
      avulsed head fragment. No conclusions can be made regarding screw fixation of the
      avulsed fragment because there was an insufficient follow-up period in this
      procedure. Long-term follow-up examination is necessary in Type V fracture
      dislocations because one can anticipate that arthritic changes will develop in
      more than 50% of patients. Anterior approaches to excise head fragments in Type V
      dislocations are contraindicated. Early intervention is indicated in all
      dislocations with sciatic or peroneal nerve paralysis. Because most dislocations
      in this series were due to automobile accidents, the routine use of seat belts
      could have prevented many of these injuries.

PMID- 4064427
TI  - Recognition of acutely lacerated ulnar nerve-median nerve palmar communicating
      branch. A case report.
AB  - A 32-year-old man incurred a porcelain faucet handle laceration to the palm,
      including the third common digital nerve and an adjacent large communicating
      sensory ramus to the third common digital nerve from the superficial ulnar nerve.
      This case is the first reported recognition and repair of a freshly lacerated
      communicating ramus.

PMID- 4064428
TI  - Volar intercalated segment instability secondary to medial carpal ligamental
      laxity.
AB  - The midcarpal joint is stabilized by active, longitudinal compressive forces
      which produce balancing lateral volar flexion and medial dorsiflexion moments on
      the lunate. Laxity of the capitotriquetral ligament results in failure of the
      triquetral-hamate joint to produce a dorsiflexion moment, and the unbalanced
      volar flexion moment generated by the scaphoid produces volar intercalated
      segment instability (VISI). Four patients are reported to demonstrate the
      mechanics, clinical manifestations, and treatment of VISI.

PMID- 4064429
TI  - [Multivariate analysis of contributing factors to the motor neuron disease--based
      on the data of 768 cases in Japan].

PMID- 4064430
TI  - [Cerebral infarction associated with protein-losing gastroenteropathy].

PMID- 4064431
TI  - [Treatment of Guillain-Barre syndrome by membrane plasmapheresis].

PMID- 4064432
TI  - [The inhibition of H-reflexes by passive static and sinusoidal stretch in normal
      subjects and spastic patients].

PMID- 4064433
TI  - [A case report of mixed type dementia combining Binswanger's disease with senile
      dementia of Alzheimer's type].

PMID- 4064434
TI  - [An autopsy case of malignant lymphoma, showing remissions of brain lesions,
      associated with central pontine myelinolysis].

PMID- 4064435
TI  - [Cavernous sinus-dural arterio-venous malformation--case report and review of the
      literatures].

PMID- 4064436
TI  - [The mechanism of muscle fiber breakdown in Duchenne muscular dystrophy--with
      particular reference to the significance of opaque muscle fibers].

PMID- 4064437
TI  - [Lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid in Vogt-Koyanagi
      Harada disease].

PMID- 4064438
TI  - [Klinefelter syndrome with communicating hydrocephalus--a case report].

PMID- 4064439
TI  - Abscess adjacent to gallbladder. A new cause of false-positive DISIDA scan.
AB  - DISIDA imaging showed nonvisualization of the gallbladder in a patient with
      abscess adjacent to otherwise normal gallbladder. This adds to the gamut of
      reported causes of false-positive DISIDA scans.

PMID- 4064440
TI  - Gallium-positive Lyme disease myocarditis.
AB  - In the course of a work-up for fever of unknown origin associated with
      intermittent arrhythmias, a gallium scan was performed which revealed diffuse
      myocardial uptake. The diagnosis of Lyme disease myocarditis subsequently was
      confirmed by serologic titers. One month following recovery from the acute
      illness, the abnormal myocardial uptake completely resolved.

PMID- 4064441
TI  - Simultaneous demonstration of pleural effusion and ascites by technetium-99m
      sulfur colloid liver-spleen scintigraphy.
AB  - Scintigraphic evidence of ascites has been observed in Tc-99m sulfur colloid
      studies of the liver and spleen, in Tc-99m HIDA hepatobiliary scans, in Ga-67
      citrate scans, and in Tc-99m phosphonate bone images. Pleural effusion has been
      demonstrated in Tc-99m phosphonate bone scintigraphy. The case of a 48-year-old
      man whose Tc-99m sulfur colloid liver-spleen scintigram simultaneously
      demonstrated a right pleural effusion and ascites is presented.

PMID- 4064442
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the spleen in primary plasma cell leukemia. Scintigraphic
      pathologic correlation.
AB  - A rare case of spontaneous rupture of the spleen occurring in a patient with
      primary plasma cell leukemia is presented. The scintigraphic-pathologic
      correlation is presented together with a review of the literature.

PMID- 4064443
TI  - Delayed rupture of the spleen. A case report.
AB  - The diagnosis of delayed rupture of the spleen is demonstrated and discussed by
      presenting a case in which the patient had significant thoracoabdominal trauma
      with an initially normal liver/spleen scintigram and benign hospital course.
      Twenty-three days after the trauma, the patient developed an acute abdominal
      crisis that brought him to the emergency room where an emergency ultrasound
      revealed hemoperitoneum and a subcapsular hematoma. At laparotomy, a splenic
      rupture was found. A splenectomy was not performed. Postoperative liver/spleen
      scintigram showed a persistent defect which was not present on the initial
      liver/spleen scintigram.

PMID- 4064444
TI  - Visualization of inferior vena cava reflux during ECG-gated krypton-81m study.

PMID- 4064445
TI  - "Delayed" appearance of positive bone scan following fracture.

PMID- 4064446
TI  - Osteoblastic metastasis of rib cage causing attenuation on liver scan.

PMID- 4064447
TI  - Serendipitous diagnosis of superior vena caval obstruction on a posterior
      abdominal flow study.

PMID- 4064448
TI  - Atlas of hepatic arterial perfusion scintigraphy.
AB  - Tc-99m MAA intra-arterial perfusion studies are necessary to determine blood flow
      distribution for hepatic arterial chemotherapy. In this mini-atlas, examples
      selected from over 900 cases to illustrate important points to aid in a better
      understanding and interpretation of these studies with particular emphasis on
      diagnostic and therapeutic interventions are presented.

PMID- 4064449
TI  - Proceedings of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons. New York, New York, 1984.

PMID- 4064450
TI  - Effect of plasma exchange on the steady-state kinetics of digoxin and digitoxin.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic effect of extracorporeal elimination can be evaluated from
      the extracorporeal elimination rate constant, from the amount of drug removed,
      and from extracorporeal clearance. To compare the validity of these approaches in
      clinical practice, the effect of multiple plasma exchanges on the steady-state
      kinetics of digoxin (5 patients) and digitoxin (9) was investigated. For digoxin,
      an unchanged elimination half-life (28 hours) and only slight increase in the
      total body clearance was found (from 203 to 204 ml/min). There was a more
      pronounced effect on the kinetics of digitoxin, where the elimination half-life
      decreased from 4.3 to 3.6 days, and the total body clearance increased from 4.4
      to 4.7 ml/min. For digoxin there was no statistically significant difference
      between observed and predicted steady-state trough plasma concentrations. For
      digitoxin, the observed trough plasma concentrations at steady-state correlated
      well (p less than 0.05) with the predicted concentrations calculated from the
      amount removed or from extracorporeal clearance. The magnitude of the kinetic
      effect of plasma exchange is overestimated using the extracorporeal elimination
      rate constant; but the effect of extracorporeal elimination can be adequately
      evaluated from the amount of drug removed and from extracorporeal clearance.
      These later approaches can be considered model-independent. Thus, the influence
      of multiple plasma exchanges on the steady-state kinetics of digoxin and
      digitoxin will be limited and dosage adjustment is not required, if these drugs
      are given after - not before - the procedure and hypoalbuminaemia is corrected.

PMID- 4064452
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of the antituberculosis drugs.

PMID- 4064453
TI  - Cognitive-motor interactions. The relationship of infant gross motor attainment
      to IQ at 3 years.
AB  - The relationship of gross motor development to later cognitive status was
      assessed by comparing the ages of attainment of four early milestones to later
      performance on the Stanford Binet. The ages of rolling supine to prone, sitting
      alone, crawling, and walking were collected in a prospective fashion via parental
      report for 213 Caucasian children. Stanford Binet IQ was measured at 3 years.
      Significant but low-order correlations were noted for age of milestone and
      Stanford Binet IQ. Stratifying the sample by IQ standard deviation groups
      revealed significant relationships, but this was largely the result of the
      difference between the extreme groups (117 vs. 85). Children with earlier ages of
      milestone attainment did not have higher IQs on average. The association of gross
      motor development and cognition is not strong enough to allow the use of one to
      predict the other.

PMID- 4064451
TI  - Free concentration of carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide in children
      and adults. Influence of age and phenobarbitone co-medication.
AB  - Total and free plasma concentrations of carbamazepine (CBZ) and carbamazepine
      10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E) were determined in 39 children (aged 3 to 10 years) and 79
      adults (aged 15 to 65 years) receiving long term treatment with CBZ alone or in
      combination with phenobarbitone (PB). Compared with the corresponding age groups
      treated with CBZ alone, adults and children receiving PB co-medication showed
      lower total and free CBZ concentrations, similar CBZ-E concentrations and higher
      CBZ-E/CBZ ratios. Among patients on CBZ alone, children had at any given dose
      lower total and free CBZ and CBZ-E concentrations than adults. Lower CBZ levels
      in children than in adults were also found among patients receiving
      phenobarbitone in combination. CBZ-E/CBZ ratios did not differ significantly
      between children and adults. These data provide evidence that children show an
      elevated free CBZ clearance with a metabolic pattern different from that observed
      during phenobarbitone induction.

PMID- 4064454
TI  - Gastrointestinal dialysis with activated charcoal and cathartic in the treatment
      of adolescent intoxications.
AB  - This article reports five patients who had taken a substantial medication
      overdose and presented in coma. Two had taken a salicylate overdose and three a
      phenobarbital overdose (one of these ingested a combination of phenobarbital and
      phenytoin). The cases were treated by our standard protocol of supportive therapy
      and alkaline diuresis plus repetitive oral doses of activated charcoal
      (gastrointestinal dialysis). All patients were alert and oriented within 24
      hours. Toxicokinetic analysis of the blood levels is discussed. Gastrointestinal
      dialysis represents a relatively noninvasive method that may benefit certain
      intoxicated patients even after systemic absorption has occurred. The technique
      and recommendations for its use are discussed and described in detail.

PMID- 4064455
TI  - Intensity and frequency of sound levels from cordless telephones. A pediatric
      alert.
AB  - Recent reports have established that the ring of a cordless telephone is
      sufficient to produce hearing loss. In the present study, the intensity and
      frequency spectrum of the ring signal for three cordless telephones known to be
      involved in reported cases of acoustic trauma are presented. The potential hazard
      to hearing is reviewed, the implications for the pediatric community discussed,
      and the recommendation made that unmodified cordless telephones be kept out of
      the reach of children.

PMID- 4064456
TI  - Polymorphic light eruption in childhood.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to acquaint the pediatrician with polymorphic
      light eruption (PMLE) a light-induced, eczematous, cutaneous reaction that
      frequently begins in childhood. This sun-induced eruption is frequently
      misdiagnosed because of its similarity to atopic dermatitis.

PMID- 4064457
TI  - Psychogenic purpura in adolescent patients.
AB  - The occurrence of psychogenic purpura has been documented in adults. The authors
      present their experience with nine adolescent and young adult patients observed
      since 1981. The age of eight of these patients ranged from 13 to 18 years. One
      patient with cystic fibrosis was 23-years-old. All patients presented with
      painful inflammatory lesions followed by bruising. There was no evidence of an
      infectious process or a hematologic, immunologic, or renal abnormality. Integral
      to the diagnosis was the existence of an underlying emotional disorder. In all
      patients, bruising decreased after diagnosis was explained to the patient and
      family. Four patients required psychotherapy. Results of 2-year follow-up suggest
      that early intervention may produce a favorable outcome in this age group.

PMID- 4064458
TI  - Iron fortification of infant foods. A decade of change.
AB  - A survey of iron-fortified commercial foods commonly marketed for consumption by
      infants was conducted in 1972 and again in 1982. Positive changes had occurred in
      infant formulas and cereals during that decade, in availability of fortifying
      iron, level of fortification, and label information. Miscellaneous iron
      containing products, cookies, and crackers were unreliable sources of dietary
      iron in both 1972 and 1982. Availability of fortifying iron in regular cereals
      had improved by 1982, though 10 percent lacked the label information. Fortified
      infant formulas and cereals contribute iron of high bioavailability to the
      typical infant diet in amounts equal to the USRDA. Food manufacturers need to
      continue to apply knowledge gained through research to sustain the lessened but
      still highly prevalent incidence of anemia in 1-2-year old children.

PMID- 4064459
TI  - Indomethacin in the treatment of proximal tubular acidosis.
AB  - Treatment of a 7-week-old black male who had proximal tubular acidosis with large
      doses of bicarbonate did not achieve correction of the acidosis and was
      accompanied by diarrhea. Addition of indomethacin therapy (2 mg/kg/day) was
      followed by correction of the acidosis and allowed a decrease in the dosage of
      alkali.

PMID- 4064461
TI  - Severe RSV bronchiolitis in an immunocompromised child.
AB  - A 9-year-old with immunodeficiency developed a severe, diffuse respiratory
      illness that necessitated mechanical ventilation. Open lung biopsy revealed
      Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) as the sole pathogen. RSV detection should be
      included in the differential diagnosis of diffuse lung disease in an
      immunocompromised child.

PMID- 4064460
TI  - Acute reversible pulmonary ischemia. A cause of the acute chest syndrome in
      sickle cell disease.
AB  - A 6-year-old girl with sickle cell disease was admitted to the hospital with the
      diagnosis of the acute chest syndrome. The laboratory findings and the
      radionuclear lung scan supported a diagnosis of pulmonary infarction rather than
      pneumonia. She improved with intravenous fluids, oxygen, penicillin, and
      theophylline. The most likely explanation for the rapid resolution of the
      clinical syndrome, the chest x-ray, and lung scan abnormalities is that masses of
      sickled cells caused transient pulmonary vascular occlusion leading to perfusion
      defects and ischemia, and that the sickled cell thrombi were dislodged before the
      infarction occurred. To our knowledge, this phenomenon has not been described as
      a cause of the acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease in children.

PMID- 4064462
TI  - Autodialysis in neonatal urinary ascites.

PMID- 4064463
TI  - Cost containment in pediatric surgery.

PMID- 4064464
TI  - Polymorphic dextromethorphan metabolism: co-segregation of oxidative O
      demethylation with debrisoquin hydroxylation.
AB  - Dextromethorphan hydrobromide, 25 mg po, was given to 268 unrelated Swiss
      subjects to study urinary drug and metabolite profiles. Rates of O-demethylation
      yielding the main metabolite dextrorphan were expressed by the urinary
      dextromethorphan/dextrorphan metabolic ratio. We found a bimodal distribution of
      this parameter in our population study, which indicates that there are two
      phenotypes for dextromethorphan O-demethylation. The antimode at a metabolic
      ratio of 0.3 separated the poor metabolizer (PM; n = 23; prevalence of 9%) from
      extensive metabolizer (EM) phenotypes. Urinary output of dextrorphan was less
      than 6% of the dose in all PMs and was 50% in the 245 EMs. Pedigree analysis of
      14 family studies revealed an autosomal-recessive transmission of deficient
      dextromethorphan O-demethylation. In these families, 37 heterozygous genotypes
      could be identified; however, through use of the urinary drug and metabolite
      analysis it was not possible to identify the heterozygous genotypes within the EM
      phenotype group. Co-segregation of dextromethorphan O-demethylation with
      debrisoquin 4-hydroxylation was also studied. Complete concordance of the two
      phenotypic assignments was obtained, with a Spearman rank correlation coefficient
      of rs = 0.78 (n = 62; P less than 0.0001) for dextromethorphan and debrisoquin
      metabolic ratios. Presumably the two drug oxidation polymorphisms are under the
      same genetic control. Thus the innocuousness and ubiquitous availability of
      dextromethorphan render it attractive for worldwide pharmacogenetic
      investigations in man.

PMID- 4064465
TI  - Effect of tolrestat on red blood cell sorbitol levels in patients with diabetes.
AB  - The effect of the aldose reductase inhibitor, tolrestat, on red blood cell (RBC)
      sorbitol levels was studied in 23 patients with diabetes after oral dosing with
      tolrestat, 25 or 100 mg b.i.d. The mean (+/- SE) RBC sorbitol levels (measured 12
      hours after the preceding dose) after 3, 7, and 13 days of dosing decreased after
      both dose levels. After 25 mg tolrestat the RBC sorbitol levels fell from 25.1 +/
      4.0 to 20.0 +/- 5.7 nmol/gm hemoglobin (21%) and after 100 mg tolrestat the
      level fell from 26.7 +/- 3.7 to 11.4 +/- 1.7 nmol/gm hemoglobin (57%; P less than
      0.001). This latter RBC sorbitol concentration is similar to levels in
      individuals without diabetes. At both dosage levels the maximum decrease in RBC
      sorbitol levels occurred after only 3 days of dosing. Tolrestat had no effect on
      plasma glucose or hemoglobin A1 concentrations. The overall mean plasma unbound
      drug concentration measured 12 hours after 100 mg tolrestat (11.7 +/- 3.0 ng/ml;
      3.3 X 10(-8) mol/L) was similar to the median inhibitory level (3 X 10(-8) mol/L)
      of tolrestat for sorbitol accumulation in human RBCs incubated in a high-glucose
      medium. Our results demonstrate the systemic bioavailability of tolrestat and its
      aldose reductase inhibitory activity in erythrocytes of patients with diabetes.

PMID- 4064466
TI  - Food-induced changes in theophylline absorption from controlled-release
      formulations. Part II. Importance of meal composition and dosing time relative to
      meal intake in assessing changes in absorption.
AB  - Theo-24 (G. D. Searle & Co.) is an ultra-slow-absorbing formulation of
      theophylline suitable for once-a-day dosing in slow and normal metabolizers of
      theophylline. Relative to fasting conditions, increased rate and extent of
      theophylline absorption occur when this product is administered immediately after
      a breakfast with a high fat content. Our study demonstrated that factors such as
      meal composition (fat content) or dosing time relative to meal intake can modify
      the high fat-induced changes in absorption. For consistent, slow absorption,
      patients taking high doses (greater than or equal to 900 mg) of Theo-24 once a
      day should take this product in the morning under fasting conditions or with a
      breakfast containing less than or equal to 10 gm fat. If a high-fat breakfast
      (greater than 55 gm fat) is taken, then Theo-24 should be administered at least 1
      hour before the meal.

PMID- 4064467
TI  - Interaction of ibuprofen with the H-2 receptor antagonists ranitidine and
      cimetidine.
AB  - The influences of cimetidine and ranitidine on single-dose ibuprofen kinetics
      were evaluated. Thirteen healthy subjects took a single, 600 mg oral dose of
      ibuprofen on three occasions: in the control state without drug coadministration;
      during concurrent dosing with cimetidine, 1.2 gm/day; and during concurrent
      dosing with ranitidine, 150 mg twice daily. Compared with the control state,
      cimetidine increased the peak serum ibuprofen concentration (64 vs. 56
      micrograms/ml), but the value during ranitidine dosing (57 micrograms/ml) was
      indistinguishable from the control value. There were no significant differences
      between control, cimetidine, and ranitidine conditions in ibuprofen elimination
      t1/2 (2.1, 2.1, and 2.0 hours, respectively). Overall there was a significant
      difference among the control, cimetidine, and ranitidine conditions in ibuprofen
      oral clearance (52.8, 48.3, and 54.1 ml/min, respectively), but individual
      differences in cimetidine vs. control and between ranitidine vs. control were not
      statistically significant. The impairment of ibuprofen clearance by cimetidine is
      small, and ranitidine had no detectable effect on ibuprofen kinetics. These
      findings should be further validated during chronic dosing with ibuprofen.

PMID- 4064468
TI  - Computerized assessment of human neurotoxicity: sensitivity to nitrous oxide
      exposure.
AB  - We recently developed a flexible, portable, computer-based neurobehavioral
      evaluation system (NES) to standardize data collection in epidemiologic field
      studies of individuals at risk for neurobehavioral toxicity. The current study
      was performed to examine the system's sensitivity to subtle neurobehavioral
      impairment induced pharmacologically in normal subjects. Twelve men 18 to 36
      years old were tested with the NES three times, in an initial training session
      followed by separate drug and control sessions in randomized order. During drug
      sessions subjects received a combination of 20% nitrous oxide and 80% oxygen
      through a nasal mask. In control sessions subjects received 100% oxygen. Nine NES
      tests evaluating psychomotor performance, visuospatial ability, memory, and mood
      were administered in approximately 40 minutes. Nitrous oxide exposure impaired
      performance on three tests: continuous performance, symbol-digit substitution,
      and finger tapping. Another test, pattern memory, showed a trend toward
      impairment, while the remainder were not affected by the drug. These data are
      consistent with previous reports that the threshold effect of nitrous oxide is a
      decrement in psychomotor speed. The findings indicate that our NES is sensitive
      to short-term impairment in central nervous system function of the type induced
      by a number of neuroactive agents. In view of its efficiency in data acquisition
      and analysis, computerized neurobehavioral testing appears to be a very promising
      method for evaluation of effects of a wide range of pharmacologic agents.

PMID- 4064469
TI  - A simple method for the estimation of glomerular filtration rate by gentamicin
      pharmacokinetics during routine drug monitoring in the newborn.
AB  - Assessment of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the newborn is often
      imprecise because of difficulties in urine collection and because the plasma
      creatinine level, the traditional marker of renal function, is influenced by many
      factors in this age group. Gentamicin is given to most preterm infants for
      suspected or proved sepsis. This drug is eliminated almost entirely by the kidney
      and its rate of elimination parallels the GFR. We calculated gentamicin
      pharmacokinetic parameters (t1/2, volume of distribution, and clearance) from
      three consecutive concentration-time points (trough, peak, and next trough
      levels) in 38 newborn infants. Creatinine clearance was measured by the
      conventional method. Both t1/2 (r = 0.74; P less than 0.001) and gentamicin
      clearance (r = 0.77; P less than 0.001) correlated well with measured creatinine
      clearance. There was no correlation between these variables and urine output.
      Gentamicin elimination t1/2 and clearance are useful indices of GFR in the
      newborn infant and can be easily calculated during routine therapeutic drug
      monitoring.

PMID- 4064470
TI  - Effect of aminoglycosides on the disposition of thyroid hormones and
      thyroglobulin.
AB  - Our study was designed to confirm the potential effects of three aminoglycosides
      on the disposition of thyroid hormones. Twenty-seven patients diagnosed with
      either cellulitis (n = 19), chronic osteitis (n = 4), or an abscess (n = 4) were
      selected. Thirteen patients received tobramycin, 60 to 100 mg iv q. 8 h., plus
      cloxacillin, 1 gm iv q. 4 h.; seven patients received netilmicin, 40 to 120 mg iv
      q. 8 h., plus cloxacillin, 1 gm iv q. 4 h.; and seven patients received either
      cloxacillin, 1.5 gm iv q. 4 h., or cefoperazone, 2 to 4 gm iv q. 12 h. for at
      least 7 days. Another group of six normal subjects received neomycin, 0.5 gm po
      q. 6 h. for 7 days. All these subjects had normal thyroid function before
      antibiotic dosing and none had thyroid function abnormalities. Tobramycin and
      cloxacillin/cefoperazone did not influence thyroid function. Netilmicin decreased
      the total serum concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) from 114 +/- 9 to 75 +/-
      7 ng/dl (P less than 0.01), probably because of increased clearance, as the T3
      free fraction increased from 0.43% +/- 0.02% to 0.49% +/- 0.02% (P less than
      0.05). Thyroxine (T4) and reverse T3 (rT3) levels were not affected. Neomycin
      decreased T3 levels from 104 +/- 8 to 92 +/- 7 ng/dl (P less than 0.05) and the
      serum concentrations of thyroglobulin from 17.3 +/- 2.0 to 11.7 +/- 2.0 ng/ml (P
      less than 0.001). Because T4 and rT3 levels did not change, our results suggest
      that neomycin may have directly affected the gland. We conclude that some
      aminoglycosides can alter the disposition of thyroid hormones.

PMID- 4064472
TI  - Symposium on cleft lip and cleft palate.

PMID- 4064471
TI  - Age, sex, and nitrazepam kinetics: relation to antipyrine disposition.
AB  - Forty healthy men and women 19 to 80 years old received a single 10 mg oral dose
      of the 7-nitro benzodiazepine nitrazepam. Nitrazepam plasma concentrations were
      measured during the next 72 hours. Among men, the elderly had a larger volume of
      distribution (Varea) than did younger subjects (1.96 vs. 1.63 L/kg; P less than
      0.05); because clearance did not change with age (0.84 vs. 0.95 ml/min/kg), the
      prolonged t1/2 in elderly men (28 vs. 20 hours; P less than 0.01) was a result of
      the larger Varea. Elderly and young women did not differ in nitrazepam Varea
      (2.58 vs. 2.55 L/kg), t1/2 (26 vs. 27 hours), or total clearance (1.19 vs. 1.09
      ml/min/kg). The nitrazepam free fraction in plasma (18% to 19% unbound) was not
      related to age or sex. Among 18 subjects who also received antipyrine, the
      clearance of nitrazepam and antipyrine were not correlated (r = 0.23). Thus age
      minimally influences nitrazepam clearance (accomplished mainly by
      nitroreduction), which in turn is not significantly related to antipyrine
      oxidizing capacity.

PMID- 4064473
TI  - Normal and abnormal development of the lip and palate.
AB  - Largely because fusion of the lip and the palate are developmental weak points,
      common facial clefts may arise in a great many ways, both experimentally and in
      man. However, we believe that the vast majority of human clefts have similar
      origins with minor variations. One must always question the appropriateness of
      animal models. Apparently appropriate animal models are giving us considerable
      insight into the manner in which genetic and environmental factors alter
      development and how they interact with one another in the developing embryo.
      These studies help us understand the nature of the multifactorial threshold
      concept as it applies to cleft lip and cleft palate, and they emphasize the
      potential importance of even "minor" environmental factors in determining on
      which side of the threshold for clefting an individual embryo may fall.

PMID- 4064474
TI  - Interdisciplinary team care of cleft lip and palate: social and psychological
      aspects.
AB  - The organizational example of a university-based team and two patient case
      studies illustrate how team interaction affects decision making. The model
      presented for effective team organization is an egalitarian one. Interdependency,
      flexibility, and open communication among members are essential. Cleft lip and
      palate teams provide evaluation and treatment that include input from a variety
      of professional disciplines. The team context makes it possible for care to be
      coordinated and alleviates the fragmentation of seeking treatment from several
      independent specialists. Teams also have a special opportunity to address the
      complex social and psychological issues prevalent in treating persons with birth
      defects. Specialists, like psychologists and social workers, identify these
      issues so that surgeons, dentists, and other clinicians may provide a
      comprehensive treatment plan and management approach. If psychologists or social
      workers are not available to a team, the group may still successfully integrate a
      variety of social and personal factors into their decision making. Examples of
      problem areas and of issues that may be associated with difficulties in adjusting
      to cleft therapy are included in this article. Teams that effectively address the
      psychosocial needs of their patients will enhance patient satisfaction,
      cooperation, and treatment outcomes.

PMID- 4064475
TI  - The relationship of metabolic control to growth and pubertal development in
      children with insulin-dependent diabetes.
AB  - Growth and pubertal development were studied in 122 children aged 13.4 +/- 2.9 yr
      (mean +/- SD) with IDDM of 6.1 +/- 3.8 yr duration. Height and weight, pubertal
      status, insulin dose (u/kg), frequency of insulin administration and HbA1 were
      measured every 3 months for a minimum period of 1 yr for each child. The mean and
      distribution of height and height velocity percentiles were normal for boys and
      girls. The mean weight percentile for boys was increased (62 +/- 27, p less than
      0.01), but was normal for girls. The mean and distribution of weight velocity
      percentiles were normal for both sexes. The mean and distribution of age of onset
      of Tanner 2 in both boys (11.9 +/- 1.4 yr) and girls (11.2 +/- 1.3) was normal,
      as was the age of menarche (13.2 +/- 1.2 yr). The mean HbA1 level was 11.1 +/-
      2.0% (normal less than 7.5%). There was no correlation of mean HbA1 levels
      (calculated from 4 or more measurements for each child) with height velocity or
      with weight velocity percentiles or with mean height or weight percentiles. These
      results indicate that diabetic control, as reflected by HbA1 levels, was not a
      major determinant of growth in this group of children with IDDM, who displayed
      normal growth patterns and pubertal development despite a wide range of HbA1
      levels. Normal growth may not reflect optimal metabolic control but "average"
      control.

PMID- 4064476
TI  - Glycosylated hemoglobin A1 used in quality-control of diabetes care: a cross
      sectional study in an outpatient clinic.
AB  - HBA1 was used to evaluate the quality of treatment and regulation in 163 insulin
      treated diabetes patients. The mean of HBA1 in all patients was 11.2 +/- 2.4%.
      Only 24% of the patients had HBA1 values below the mean + 3 SD of non diabetics.
      Patients with high values of HBA1 were controlled and treated more intensively
      than those with lower or normal values. They were also seen more frequently at
      the outpatient clinic, their insulin doses were larger, and they took more
      frequent insulin injections. 63% of the patients practised home monitoring of
      blood glucose, but they were not better controlled than those, who did not. In
      some of the patients conspicuous discrepancies were found between high HBA1
      percentages and low blood glucose values measured at the outpatient clinic. It is
      concluded, that home monitoring of blood glucose, frequent visits to an
      outpatient clinic, and 2 daily insulin injections do not appreciably improve
      diabetes control, and that other approaches are needed, e.g., greater co
      operation by the patients in frequent adjustments of treatment between clinic
      visits.

PMID- 4064477
TI  - How dangerous are diagnostic x-rays?

PMID- 4064478
TI  - The role of computed tomography in the assessment and treatment of acetabular
      fractures.
AB  - The assessment of acetabular fractures by conventional radiology is difficult
      whilst essential to the planning of orthopaedic treatment. This report details
      the results of computed tomography (CT) in a study of acetabular fractures in 30
      patients. Computed tomography was always superior to conventional radiology,
      particularly in the evaluation of lesions of the posterior acetabular margin. The
      standard classification of the fractures did not require modification but was
      reinforced by the three-dimensional visualisation of the lesions. The particular
      contribution of CT was in the assessment of associated lesions often not apparent
      on conventional views of the pelvis: these comprised sacroiliac lesions in 60% of
      cases, intra-articular loose bodies in 33% of cases and pelvic haematomas in 17%
      of cases. As a result of CT, treatment was changed in one third of cases. In
      addition to its role in indicating the need for surgical or orthopaedic
      treatment, CT sometimes permitted a better choice of surgical technique,
      especially in respect of sacroiliac lesions causing as yet unexplained sciatica.

PMID- 4064479
TI  - Computed tomography in deep-seated peripheral neurofibromas.
AB  - Seven peripheral deep-seated neurofibromas in five patients were examined by
      computed tomography (CT). This proved to be the most helpful investigation for
      demonstrating the precise size, shape and localisation of the lesion prior to
      surgery. In some cases CT may suggest the correct diagnosis where this has not
      previously been considered.

PMID- 4064480
TI  - Sclerotic changes of the sternal end of the clavicle.
AB  - Five adult females with swelling, tenderness and similar sclerotic changes of the
      sternal end of the clavicle are presented. They were recognised during a 10-year
      period, suggesting that the condition is rare and may be misdiagnosed. In three
      patients strain of the sternoclavicular joint seemed to be an aetiological
      factor.

PMID- 4064481
TI  - The value of an erect abdominal radiograph in the diagnosis of intestinal
      obstruction.
AB  - The value of an erect abdominal radiograph in the diagnosis of acute intestinal
      obstruction has been studied. Four observers independently assessed 100 supine
      abdominal films and then reassessed them in combination with an erect film. The
      addition of the erect film did not significantly increase the accuracy of
      diagnosis of obstruction or help in the correct identification of its level. The
      presence or absence of gas in the rectum was of no diagnostic value.

PMID- 4064483
TI  - The duodenal triangle: a plain film sign of midgut malrotation and volvulus in
      the neonate.
AB  - The plain film radiology in 45 cases of malrotation of the midgut are presented.
      The clinical features of the series are also reviewed. A triangular appearance of
      the proximal duodenum, the 'duodenal triangle', is described as an additional
      plain radiographic sign contributing to the early detection of malrotation.

PMID- 4064482
TI  - The competitive barium meal.
AB  - The diagnostic value of a large number of films taken during the routine double
      contrast barium meal has been assessed. It is suggested that a minimum number of
      undercouch views are necessary for a routine examination of the stomach and
      duodenum. In our series, all of the diagnoses reported would have been made using
      these views alone and with considerable savings in time, cost and irradiation.
      The routine barium meal should be an efficient, quick and cost-effective
      technique, which should be preferable to endoscopy as the primary method of
      investigation of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 4064484
TI  - Computed tomography in acetabular trauma.
AB  - In a retrospective study of 16 acetabular fractures computed tomography (CT)
      clarified the type and extent of the injury. Computed tomography demonstrated
      intra-articular fragments of varying size in seven out of eight patients with
      fractures of the posterior acetabular margin. Abnormalities of the femoral head
      were also shown in six patients and the possible aetiology of these is discussed.
      The additional information provided by CT is likely to help in the management of
      patients with acetabular injuries.

PMID- 4064485
TI  - Sclerosing-cholangitis-like changes in pancreatic disease.
AB  - In a retrospective analysis of endoscopic cholangiograms in 66 patients with
      pancreatic disease we found sclerosing-cholangitis-like changes in 83% of cases.
      Excluding patients with intrapancreatic constriction of the distal common bile
      duct, 70% of patients with chronic pancreatitis, 60% with acute pancreatitis and
      100% with pancreatic cancer had these abnormalities. The possible significance of
      these changes, which are unlikely to be secondary to pancreatic disease, are
      discussed with reference to the published literature on sclerosing cholangitis.

PMID- 4064486
TI  - Percutaneous transhepatic internal drainage using polyurethane double-pigtail
      endoprostheses.
AB  - Relief of obstructive jaundice by the percutaneous transhepatic insertion of an
      endoprosthesis is now a well recognised and common radiological procedure. We
      report the successful insertion of polyurethane double-pigtail stents (made for
      transpapillary endoscopic insertion) by the percutaneous transhepatic route in
      five patients. Our experience indicates that these stents are as effective in
      relieving jaundice as, and less traumatic and easier to insert than, the larger
      varieties in common use.

PMID- 4064487
TI  - Bladder cancer: the value of routine bone scintigraphy.
AB  - Two hundred and twenty-one patients with invasive bladder cancer had routine bone
      scintigraphy performed as part of tumour staging. The incidence of detectable
      metastases was 12%. Skeletal scintigraphy at diagnosis has a sensitivity of only
      38%. The predictive value of a negative examination was 92%. These results
      suggest that skeletal scintigraphy is not indicated as a routine staging
      procedure in carcinoma of the bladder.

PMID- 4064488
TI  - Urographic findings in adults with chronic pyelonephritis.
AB  - The radiological findings in a cohort of 138 adults with chronic pyelonephritis
      are presented and the following conclusions made. Scarring is commoner in the
      right kidney than the left and is found in the upper, middle and lower poles with
      decreasing frequency from above down. Agreement between observers in the grading
      of scarring in urograms taken without standardisation or routine tomography, is
      sufficiently high to justify the continued use of the intravenous urogram as a
      screening test but is not high enough to detect any progression of scars in the
      group over a 6.5-year period. Repetition of urograms seldom reveals the
      development of calculi or other new abnormalities and is not justified as a
      clinical routine. The combination of extensive bilateral renal scarring and
      proteinuria is associated with the worst renal function.

PMID- 4064489
TI  - The radiological appearance of artificial urinary sphincters.
AB  - The increasing refinement of artificial anti-incontinence devices has provided
      new hope for incontinent patients. The aim of this paper is to show the design
      and function, and to indicate the use of radiology in evaluation of function, of
      the latest prostheses. The complications peculiar to these devices are
      illustrated and the use of radiology in identifying these complications is
      indicated.

PMID- 4064490
TI  - The pulmonary circulation: the radiology of adaptation.
AB  - In this George Simon Lecture, I have tried to present a simplistic yet
      philosophical approach to the physiological processes of adaptation of
      circulatory and respiratory function in response to pathophysiological challenge.
      The objective of the body is to achieve a normal ventilation-perfusion ratio of 1
      in order to optimise blood-gas exchange in a wide variety of pathological
      conditions. It is all a question of the right ingredients (oxygen in atmospheric
      air and reduced haemoglobin in desaturated blood), in the right copious amounts
      (100 ml/s), in the right proportion (1:1) and in the right place (alveolar
      capillary membrane). In order to demonstrate the above concepts, a variety of
      well known conditions, congenital and acquired, have been discussed in the
      developing infant lung and the adult mature lung; some primarily cardiovascular,
      others primarily respiratory; some conditions resulting in permanent and others
      resulting in temporary and reversible major readjustments of the blood supply to
      the lung. The emphasis has been to illustrate that simple, unsophisticated
      radiological techniques may provide a substantial amount of valuable information
      concerning the remarkable capacity of the pulmonary circulation to adapt to
      varying physiological or pathological demands in order to conserve our precious
      respiratory resources. George Simon, like all good doctors, had a tremendous
      respect for the ability of the body to respond to these challenges. He always
      emphasised the important basic principles rather than fine minutiae. It is hoped
      that this lecture in his honour follows these principles which he preached so
      well.

PMID- 4064491
TI  - The radiological features of chronic radiation enteritis.
AB  - The radiological findings, using a single-contrast barium infusion technique, are
      described in a series of 13 patients with chronic radiation enteritis. The signs
      include evidence of submucosal thickening, single or multiple stenoses, adhesions
      and sinus or fistula formation. A combination of these signs characterises the
      condition. This technique is particularly suited to the investigation of
      radiation enteritis because of its ability to distend maximally the small
      intestine. A cause, stenosis and/or adhesions, was demonstrated in the eight of
      the 13 patients presenting with intermittent small-intestinal obstruction. Three
      patients had diarrhoea as their predominant complaint and a fistula was
      demonstrated in two.

PMID- 4064492
TI  - Determination of depth distribution of internal mammary lymph nodes on lateral
      lymphoscintigraphy.
AB  - A method using a calibrated ruler for measuring lymph node depth on lateral
      lymphoscintigrams is described. The accuracy of the method was confirmed with a
      plexiglass phantom. At the time of internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy, lateral
      images were obtained in 201 patients. A total of 545 lymph nodes were visualised
      and categorised into 13 depth intervals. The average lymph node depth was 3.0 +/-
      1.1 cm with a range of 1.0-7.1 cm. Average lymph node depth was classified
      according to body weight with an average depth of 2.5, 3.1 and 3.7 cm for
      patients weighing less than 60, 60-75 and more than 75 kg, respectively. Lateral
      lymphoscintigrams demonstrated normal anatomical communication between internal
      mammary and anterior mediastinal lymph nodes in 3.5% of patients.

PMID- 4064493
TI  - Nasopalatine duct cyst.
AB  - The nasopalatine duct cyst appears to be an aggressive and symptomatic condition
      in the South African black population group. Of a total of 114 cases, 30
      patients, all blacks, had cysts in excess of 30 mm in diameter. Two patients with
      large nasopalatine duct cysts, one of which was infected, underwent computed
      tomography. Computed tomography is an excellent method of demonstrating the
      extent, bony destruction and relationship of the lesion to neighbouring
      structures. A review of the subject with clinical and radiological features is
      presented.

PMID- 4064494
TI  - Periosteal new bone in patients on intermittent haemodialysis: an early indicator
      of aluminium-induced osteomalacia?
AB  - Periosteal new bone forming along the distal shafts of the tibia, fibula and
      pelvic inlet was observed to be an unusual feature in patients on intermittent
      haemodialysis. Sequential skeletal surveys of 13 patients exhibiting this feature
      were reviewed and correlated with the biochemical, histological and clinical
      data. The radiological features comprised periosteal new bone, minimal or no
      evidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism, sclerosis (not in the classical
      'rugger jersey' spine distribution but affecting, particularly, the femoral
      heads) and, in several patients, numerous fractures, particularly of the ribs.
      There were 10 patients with osteomalacia, in seven of whom the features were
      consistent with aluminium-induced bone disease. We suggest that the finding of
      periosteal new bone in the above distribution in a patient on intermittent
      haemodialysis should alert the clinician to the possibility of aluminium
      intoxication.

PMID- 4064495
TI  - Observations on the natural history of Paget's disease.
AB  - Whole-body skeletal scintigraphy was performed in 4700 adult patients from south
      east Scotland. In 3831 with proven or suspected malignant disease the prevalence
      of osteitis deformans in males is 0.006 in those aged 15-54 years, 0.026 in the
      age group 55-84 years and 0.24 over the age of 84 years. The corresponding
      figures in females are 0.002, 0.021 and 0.15. Previous estimates of prevalence
      should be increased by at least 25% to take account of peripheral and monostotic
      disease, which is more common than hitherto recognised. The increase in
      prevalence with age may not be linear. Possible associations with environmental
      and genetic factors which would account for such a distribution are considered.
      It is suggested that the conventional distinction between 'active' and 'burned
      out' Paget's disease may be incorrect.

PMID- 4064496
TI  - Limitations of mammography in Chinese females.
AB  - The usefulness of mammography was evaluated in 50 Chinese female patients with
      breast disease. There was only 12% accuracy in the diagnosis of benign breast
      disease and an overall accuracy of 32% for all breast lesions. This low
      diagnostic rate is due to the difficulty in visualising mammographic detail in
      the small Chinese breast.

PMID- 4064497
TI  - Serum C-reactive protein response to therapeutic embolisation: possible role in
      management.
AB  - In a prospective study over 12 months, serum C-reactive protein concentration was
      measured serially in 20 consecutive patients who underwent therapeutic
      embolisation for various forms of malignancy and in 13 patients who had
      diagnostic coeliac or hepatic angiography without embolisation. All the patients
      who underwent successful embolisation showed a C-reactive protein response and in
      all cases the height of the response correlated well with the estimated size of
      the embolised tumour. Patients who recovered uneventfully showed a prompt fall in
      C-reactive protein from its peak values towards normal. In contrast, patients
      undergoing angiography alone showed only a minor increase in C-reactive protein
      concentration unless there were intercurrent complications. These results,
      together with the commercial availability of rapid and precise assays for C
      reactive protein, indicate that serial measurement may be useful in the
      confirmation of tissue necrosis and assessment of its extent; also in the
      recognition of intercurrent complications following therapeutic embolisation.

PMID- 4064498
TI  - The barium enema appearances in solitary rectal ulcer syndrome.
AB  - Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a benign condition of unknown aetiology,
      usually found in young adults. The main clinical complaint is of rectal bleeding,
      often with change in bowel habit. The radiological findings in 17 patients with
      histologically proven solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, seen at the General
      Infirmary at Leeds over an 8-year period, are presented. Ulceration, polypoid
      lesion, stricture, granularity or a normal rectal mucosa may all be found on
      barium enema. The histological findings and pathogenesis of the condition are
      discussed.

PMID- 4064499
TI  - Major complications of central venous catheterisation: a report of five cases and
      a brief review of the literature.
AB  - Complications of central venous catheterisation are not uncommon, although,
      fortunately, the majority are not serious. Five patients suffering major
      complications are reported and a brief review of the literature presented.

PMID- 4064500
TI  - Treatment of medulloblastoma using a computer-controlled tracking cobalt unit.
AB  - Radiation therapy of the length of the spinal column presents various clinical
      and physical problems. The completed plan may be complicated to set up, be time
      consuming and require daily variation to achieve reasonable dose homogeneity. A
      case of medulloblastoma is used to illustrate the steps in producing a plan for
      dynamic treatment using a computer-controlled tracking cobalt unit. After
      definition by computed tomography, the target is considered in segments in order
      to develop a plan which keeps the spinal cord constantly positioned at the beam
      isocentre. The main computer is used to develop the patient treatment file and
      information is transferred to a second computer which controls and monitors the
      safe functioning of the cobalt unit. The cranial fields are treated separately in
      a conventional way. Good and consistent control of the dose distribution is
      achieved along the entire target volume. This technique is a marked improvement
      over all existing methods of treating the spinal axis.

PMID- 4064501
TI  - Prone compression with the pneumatic paddle during barium studies.
AB  - Prone compression with the pneumatic paddle is easy to perform, effective with
      high-density suspensions and less uncomfortable for the patient than other
      methods of compression. It provides accurate graduated compression over a wide
      field with an unimpeded view. Its routine use is recommended in double-contrast
      barium meals and all types of small-bowel examinations.

PMID- 4064502
TI  - Dilute barium and dilute water-soluble contrast in opacification of the bowel for
      abdominal computed tomography.

PMID- 4064503
TI  - Assessment by computed tomography of the response of pituitary macroadenomas to
      bromocriptine.
AB  - Eleven patients with large pituitary tumours and with extrasellar extension were
      studied prospectively to assess the response of these tumours to bromocriptine.
      Five out of the six patients with high serum prolactin due to prolactinomas
      showed rapid and dramatic reduction in tumour size when treated with
      bromocriptine. In contrast, none of the five patients with non-functioning
      tumours showed any change in tumour size on computed tomography.

PMID- 4064504
TI  - Computed tomographic appearances and clinical features of prolactin-secreting
      pituitary adenomas in young male patients.
AB  - Prolactin-secreting adenomas, the commonest of the pituitary tumours, are being
      recognised with increasing frequency in men. Their appearance and behaviour
      differ from those occurring in women, being typically larger and more aggressive.
      We describe the clinical features and radiological findings of three
      prolactinomas in young males and review the literature.

PMID- 4064505
TI  - Surface enhancement of the brain.
AB  - Surface enhancement of the brain is a valuable computed tomographic sign. The
      patterns of enhancement and their differential-diagnostic significance are
      discussed on the basis of 14 illustrative cases.

PMID- 4064506
TI  - Enterogenous cysts of the central nervous system: a report of eight cases.
AB  - The clinical and radiological features of eight patients, five male and three
      female; with an enterogenous cyst of the central nervous system are reported. The
      cysts were all anteriorly placed, intradural or extramedullary in situation and
      their sites ranged from the brain stem to the conus, with a predilection for the
      lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord. Pain was a universal presenting
      symptom of the intraspinal cases with a varying degree of motor deficit. Three
      patients, two of whom also had congenital anomalies of the axial skeleton, showed
      localised expansion of the spinal canal. The site and size of all the spinal
      cysts were demonstrated by myelography. Computed tomography of the spine with
      intrathecal contrast medium was performed on two patients and shown to be of
      particular value in demonstrating recurrence. Three patients on long-term follow
      up had a recurrence of the cyst at the original site. Our findings are discussed
      with reference to the previous literature.

PMID- 4064507
TI  - The value of skull radiography in children with intracranial tumours.
AB  - A consecutive series of 106 children with intracranial tumours has been reviewed
      with special reference to the findings of cranial computed tomography (CT) and
      plain skull radiography. This review showed that if cranial CT is to be
      performed, routine plain skull radiographs provide no further information of
      value in diagnosis. Special projections of the optic canal or internal auditory
      meatus may be of value in selected patients.

PMID- 4064508
TI  - Congenital oesophageal stenosis.
AB  - Clinical and radiographic observations in 34 infants and children with congenital
      stenosis of the oesophagus are reported. (1) Congenital stenosis of the
      oesophagus occurs more frequently than the previous literature suggests. (2) A
      congenital stenosis most commonly affects the lower oesophagus at the junction of
      its middle and distal thirds. (3) High oesophageal stenosis is less common,
      usually producing respiratory distress. Low oesophageal stenosis is more
      frequent, usually producing vomiting and oesophageal obstruction at the time the
      patients begin eating solid foods. (4) Oesophageal stenosis persists into adult
      life although its clinical course is benign. (5) An infant who vomits undigested
      food should have an oesophagram for evaluation of possible congenital oesophageal
      stenosis. (6) A child who impacts a foreign body in the oesophagus, particularly
      in the distal half of the oesophagus, should have a follow-up oesophagram after
      removal of the foreign body to assess the possibility of congenital oesophageal
      stenosis.

PMID- 4064509
TI  - Case report: segmental dilatation of the ileum presenting with anaemia.
AB  - A case of segmental dilatation of the ileum with an associated Meckel's
      diverticulum is reported in an 8-year-old child with anaemia. The pre-operative
      demonstration of this association has not previously been described in the
      literature.

PMID- 4064510
TI  - The pathogenesis of post-irradiation chronic diarrhoea: measurement of SeHCAT and
      B12 absorption for differential diagnosis determines treatment.
AB  - The absorption of vitamin B12 and of a synthetic bile acid analogue 75SeHCAT was
      measured simultaneously in 26 patients presenting with persistent diarrhoea
      following pelvic irradiation for treatment of carcinoma of the cervix. Four
      groups were identified, namely patients with isolated bile acid malabsorption,
      patients with isolated B12 malabsorption, patients with malabsorption of both and
      those with malabsorption of neither compound. The therapeutic implications are
      different for each. Measurement of B12 and bile acid absorption comprises an
      important new test for the management of patients with this disabling and
      unpleasant complication of radiotherapy.

PMID- 4064511
TI  - Bone scintigraphy in breast cancer: a nine-year follow-up.
AB  - The results of skeletal scintigraphy performed at presentation in 465 women with
      histologically confirmed carcinoma of the breast were correlated with tumour
      size, node status, clinical course and survival during a follow-up of at least 2
      years and up to 9 years. Skeletal metastases were eventually confirmed in 17.6%
      of the population under study, but were identified at presentation by
      scintigraphy in only half of these. The incidence of significant scintigraphic
      abnormalities ranged from 1.5% in patients with T0 and T1 node negative tumours
      to 20.3% in T4 node positive tumours. Patients with scintigraphic evidence of
      metastases had a significantly shorter survival than those without; 13.6% of the
      patients with an abnormality considered to be significant on the criteria
      employed in this study failed to develop confirmatory evidence of skeletal
      metastases during the period of follow-up. Alternative criteria are proposed
      which would substantially decrease the incidence of false positives without
      increasing the incidence of false negatives. Even so, it is concluded that there
      is no evidence that routine skeletal scintigraphy affects management of newly
      diagnosed patients with carcinoma of the breast. Unless an algorithm can be
      defined which requires the information provided by skeletal scintigraphy in order
      to determine clinical management, this investigation is not justified as a
      routine staging procedure and should be reserved for patients in whom there is a
      clinical suspicion of metastases and for clinical trials.

PMID- 4064512
TI  - Problems associated with iridium-192 wire implants.
AB  - Three incidents are reported, from different radiotherapy centres, in which an
      implanted iridium-192 wire remained in the tissues of a patient after withdrawal
      of the plastic tubing in which it was contained. In each case the instrument used
      to cut the wire had probably formed a hook on the end of the wire which caused it
      to catch in the tissues. Detailed recommendations are made for avoiding such
      incidents in the future, the most important of which is that the patient should
      be effectively monitored after the supposed removal of all radioactive sources.

PMID- 4064513
TI  - The current practice of lymphography: a survey in the age of computed tomography.
AB  - A postal survey has revealed a reduction in the practice of lymphography in
      several hospitals where body computed tomography (CT) is available. Nowhere in
      this country has this reduction been quite so marked as in East Anglia, where
      very few lymphograms are now performed. Some of the factors which may be
      responsible are assessed; in particular, the introduction of body CT.

PMID- 4064514
TI  - Examination of the temporomandibular joint by direct sagittal computed
      tomography.
AB  - Direct sagittal computed tomography, using our own modification, demonstrates
      well the position of the disc, movement of the mandibular condyle and its
      position relative to the mandibular fossa as well as bone and soft-tissue
      abnormalities of the temporomandibular joint.

PMID- 4064515
TI  - Stafne's bone cavity: a review of the literature and report of two cases.
AB  - This paper reports two cases of Stafne's bone cavity, one of which shows apparent
      regression over a period of 8 years: an unusual feature that has not previously
      been reported. A comprehensive review of the literature dealing with this well
      demarcated mandibular radiolucency of unknown aetiology accompanies these two
      case reports.

PMID- 4064516
TI  - Hydatid disease of bone.
AB  - Twenty cases of hydatid disease of bone revealed by X-ray examination are
      presented. The vertebrae were involved in 12 of the cases, the pelvis in four,
      both the vertebrae and the pelvis in one, the ribs in two and the femur in one.
      These cases constituted 1.3% of all cases of hydatid disease observed in our
      hospital during the period 1957-80. The features of the disease are discussed in
      terms of plain radiographs, myelography and tomography. Tomographic studies have
      proved of value in differentiating the disorder from other diseases.

PMID- 4064517
TI  - Dehydration in urography: is it really necessary?
AB  - The use of dehydration in patients undergoing intravenous urography remains
      widespread, despite evidence that it may be dangerous and despite lack of
      evidence of any effect on the urinary concentration of contrast media. In total,
      100 patients were studied, having been allocated randomly into two groups, one of
      which had undergone dehydration, the other group being normally hydrated. No
      significant difference in the quality of the urograms was detected. It is
      suggested that the practice of dehydration in preparation is unnecessary and
      should no longer be undertaken.

PMID- 4064518
TI  - Giant urinary bladder calculi.
AB  - Four patients with giant urinary bladder calculi are presented. All were males
      with bladder outflow obstruction. The literature on the subject is reviewed.

PMID- 4064519
TI  - Pelvimetry by digital radiography.
AB  - We studied the ability of digital radiographs generated on a computed tomography
      scanner to replace conventional pelvimetry. Two digital radiographs were usually
      sufficient to measure the maternal pelvis. The antero-posterior (AP) digital
      radiograph allowed measurement of the transverse diameter of the pelvic inlet,
      the interspinous distance and the intertuberous diameter. These three distances
      were corrected for magnification after reference to the lateral digital
      radiograph. The lateral radiograph gives the AP diameter of the pelvic inlet and
      the low sagittal diameter. Dosimetry studies demonstrated that maternal skin
      doses and fetal gonad doses were very low. Pelvimetry using digital radiography
      is a simple procedure which offers the advantage of low radiation exposure to
      both fetus and mother and a high accuracy of measurement.

PMID- 4064520
TI  - Heart size in high-kilovoltage chest radiography.
AB  - High-kilovoltage (kV) radiography of the chest using an air gap results in
      magnification of the heart and thorax despite the use of a longer focus-to-film
      distance. One hundred patients had their recent high-kV chest radiograph compared
      with their previous low-kV film. There was a significant increase in all cardiac
      parameters. Geometric distortion of the cardiac shadow also occurred, resulting
      in magnification and elongation preferentially affecting the left side of the
      heart. We believe this causes an additional subjective impression of a large
      heart. Radiologists and clinicians should revalue their assessment of cardiac
      size when such a technique is used.

PMID- 4064521
TI  - Bowel preparation and the pill.

PMID- 4064522
TI  - Low-dose intra-arterial streptokinase: benefit versus risk.
AB  - Twenty-six unselected patients presenting with acute arterial ischaemia of a limb
      were treated with low-dose intra-arterial streptokinase under the joint care of a
      radiologist and a vascular surgeon. The results are reported and complications
      described. It is suggested that co-operative radiological and surgical management
      is essential and a shortened protocol for the safer administration of the drug is
      suggested.

PMID- 4064523
TI  - The radiological appearances of the oesophagus after sclerotherapy for varices.
AB  - Fifteen patients, whose oesophageal varices had been obliterated by injection
      sclerotherapy, were examined by double-contrast barium swallow. In nine patients
      (60%) the oesophagram was abnormal and demonstrated sharp-edged, longitudinal
      tramline filling defects and an irregular, patchy nodularity with loss of the
      normal longitudinal folds. These appearances represent redundant epithelial
      folds, epithelial tags and healed ulcers produced by endoscopic sclerotherapy.

PMID- 4064524
TI  - Brain metastases from carcinoma of breast: a review of 90 cases.
AB  - The case records of 90 patients developing brain metastases from carcinoma of the
      breast have been reviewed. Brain metastases developed more commonly in those
      patients who had Stage III disease at first diagnosis of breast cancer and in
      those who were pre- or perimenopausal at that time. Patients given whole-brain
      irradiation for brain metastases lived longer, from the date of central nervous
      system involvement, than those not given radiotherapy.

PMID- 4064525
TI  - An analysis of the contribution of computed tomography to the treatment outcome
      in bladder cancer.
AB  - The survival pattern of 60 patients is reported and clinical details given. It
      has been possible to show significantly poorer survival in those patients whose
      tumour was incompletely enclosed by the 90% isodose, and the reasons for this
      have been discussed. The demonstration of pelvic lymph node enlargement has also
      been shown to be an indicator of poor prognosis.

PMID- 4064526
TI  - Racial variations in normal ureteric course.
AB  - Three hundred consecutive normal intravenous urograms were studied. The position
      of the ureter relative to the vertebral pedicles was assessed at different levels
      in patients from different racial groups. Medial placement of the ureter (where
      it overlay or was medial to a pedicle) was considerably commoner in black
      patients of African origin than in white Northern Europeans. In both races it
      occurred more frequently in males and in the young, and it was more common on the
      right side than on the left. The recognition of this normal variant, particularly
      in the black patient, is important in the interpretation of intravenous urograms.

PMID- 4064527
TI  - Bladder shape and racial origin.
AB  - The shape of the full bladder was studied during the course of 70 consecutive
      normal intravenous urograms. A conical or pear-shaped bladder was more frequently
      seen in patients of black African origin than in white Northern Europeans and
      more frequently in males than in females. This configuration was found in the
      absence of pelvic pathology and is considered a normal variant. Non-pathological
      medial deviation of the ureters is not closely associated, suggesting that the
      mechanisms for medial placement of the ureters and conical bladder are not
      necessarily interrelated.

PMID- 4064528
TI  - Comparison of the side-effects of low-osmolar contrast media in intravenous
      urography.
AB  - The subjective side-effects of almost equivalent intravenous iodine doses of the
      three new low-osmolar contrast media, ioxaglate (Hexabrix), iopamidol (Niopam)
      and iohexol (Omnipaque) have been recorded and are found to be generally
      comparable. Urticaria occurred more frequently with ioxaglate than with the other
      contrast media and there was a tendency for ioxaglate to cause more nausea. Pain
      at the injection site occurred less often with ioxaglate than with iohexol. If
      low-osmolar contrast media are to be used in intravenous urography the relative
      cost of each is important, there being as yet insufficient data concerning the
      relative incidences of major reactions.

PMID- 4064529
TI  - Orbital pneumosinus dilatans.
AB  - Pneumosinus dilatans consists of an abnormal dilatation of the paranasal air
      sinuses which contain air only and are lined by normal epithelium. The condition
      is most commonly observed when it affects the sphenoid sinus as a response to a
      local meningioma of the tuberculum sellae or planum sphenoidale. Pneumosinus
      dilatans affecting the walls of the paranasal sinuses which form the boundaries
      of the orbit is less common; six patients reported here presented with either
      unilateral or bilateral exophthalmos. The frontal sinus and ethmoid cells were
      affected unilaterally in four patients and the maxillary antra bilaterally in
      two. The condition was associated with a meningioma in three patients and fibro
      osseous disease in three patients. The importance of recognising this condition
      is in alerting the radiologist to the possible presence of an occult meningioma
      requiring soft-tissue imaging techniques (computed tomography or nuclear magnetic
      resonance imaging). The presence of fibro-osseous disease can usually be
      recognised by plain radiography.

PMID- 4064530
TI  - Squamous-cell carcinoma arising in dental cysts.
AB  - Two cases of squamous-cell carcinoma arising in dental cysts are presented. A
      review of the literature reveals that this is a rare condition and experience of
      treatment by radiotherapy is limited. The cases reported were controlled locally
      by external beam megavoltage radiotherapy with no significant long-term
      morbidity. It is suggested that such treatment is an acceptable alternative to
      wide surgical resection.

PMID- 4064531
TI  - Sialography does not alter the management of parotid space-occupying lesions.
AB  - The value of sialography in unilateral space-occupying lesions of the parotid
      gland has been reviewed. The investigation caused discomfort and did not alter
      the clinical diagnosis or management of the patients examined.

PMID- 4064532
TI  - A comparison of paralysing agents in double-contrast barium meal examinations.
AB  - One hundred and fourteen patients attending for barium meal examination were
      randomly allocated to receive Buscopan (hyoscine N-butylbromide, Boehringer
      Ingelheim; 20 mg) or glucagon (0.5 mg) as paralysing agents, or sterile water as
      control. The radiographs were analysed with regard to (a) gastric and duodenal
      distension and coating and (b) early or delayed filling of the duodenum with
      barium, in order to assess claims that paralysing agents influence radiographic
      quality. It was found that both duodenal distension and coating were better with
      Buscopan and glucagon than with water but there was no difference between
      Buscopan and glucagon in producing these effects. Relaxants produced no
      significant effect on distension or coating of the stomach. Glucagon prolonged
      the time of some examinations but gave better visualisation of the stomach, which
      was less frequently obscured by contrast in the duodenum.

PMID- 4064533
TI  - Radiological appearances following vertical banded gastroplasty.
AB  - Vertical banded gastroplasty was performed on 19 grossly obese patients. Upper
      gastrointestinal contrast studies were performed on all patients in the immediate
      post-operative period and at 3 months and 1 year in 16 and 12 patients,
      respectively. The immediate and long-term appearances are presented and
      discussed. The surgical outcome depends on pouch size, outlet diameter and staple
      line integrity, which are reliably demonstrated by double-contrast barium
      studies.

PMID- 4064534
TI  - Carcinoma of the small intestine.
AB  - The radiological features of five cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the jejunum
      are described and the differential diagnosis is discussed. Barium examination is
      the best method for detecting adenocarcinoma in the small intestine and
      angiography is useful for pre-operative assessment.

PMID- 4064535
TI  - Soft-tissue changes accompanying recent scaphoid injuries.
AB  - In 200 consecutive cases of suspected scaphoid fracture, 27 such fractures were
      demonstrated. Radiologically, when a fracture was present, the soft tissues on
      the dorsum of the wrist were definitely abnormal in 24 cases and equivocal in
      only three cases, whereas the scaphoid fat pad was normal in two cases and
      equivocal in 13 cases. In addition, in 88 cases when the soft tissues on the
      dorsum of the wrist were definitely normal, no fracture was ever demonstrated.

PMID- 4064536
TI  - Spondylarthrography: the demonstration of spondylolysis by apophyseal joint
      arthrography.
AB  - Twenty selected patients with spondylolysis have been studied following
      apophyseal joint arthrography. In each instance a communication with the defect
      of the pars interarticularis was demonstrated by the extension of contrast medium
      from injection into the adjacent facet joint. The clinical and radiological
      features are described. The anatomical basis of the abnormality is presented
      using macroscopic and radiographic correlation from a dissected cadaveric
      specimen of spondylolysis. Sixty-five per cent of the patients experienced
      significant relief of pain symptoms when long-acting local anaesthetic was
      introduced into the facet joint.

PMID- 4064537
TI  - Bronchogenic cysts in children.
AB  - Radiographic, surgical and pathological features of 33 paediatric patients with
      bronchogenic cysts are reviewed. These congenital lesions usually presented as
      spheroid mediastinal masses, near the carina or right paratracheal area, 2-3 cm
      in diameter with sharply delineated borders. Occasionally, the masses were
      lobulated or triangular in shape. Some cysts produced considerable airway
      distortion. All intrapulmonary cysts had connections, sometimes patent, with the
      trachea or main-stem bronchi. Thin-walled, completely aerated cysts became thick
      walled with infection. A few air-filled and solid cysts grew rapidly. Cystic lung
      disease distal to central bronchogenic cysts was observed.

PMID- 4064538
TI  - Adult survival with intrahepatic portal venous gas secondary to acute gastric
      dilatation, with a review of portal venous gas.
AB  - The radiological observation of hepatic portal venous gas on plain abdominal
      radiography, ultrasonography or computed tomography is a highly significant
      finding. Its cause warrants urgent diagnosis and will usually require surgical
      management. Current overall mortality rate associated with this sign is 75%. A
      case of acute gastric dilatation with hepatic portal venous gas in an adult who
      survived without surgery is presented. Patients having this sign after double
      contrast barium enemas with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease have also been
      reported to survive without surgery.

PMID- 4064539
TI  - Cancer drug targeting.

PMID- 4064540
TI  - The technology of magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - In the clinical use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) it may be more important
      to understand some of the technical aspects of the imaging technique, rather than
      the fundamental physical principles. This review, therefore, sets out to present
      the essential aspects of the technique, including T1 and T2 relaxation times in
      relation to biological tissue, MRI equipment, pulse sequences, factors affecting
      image quality and patient throughput.

PMID- 4064541
TI  - Percutaneous vertebral biopsy: a review of 135 cases.
AB  - The technique and advantages of undertaking percutaneous biopsy of vertebral
      lesions as a radiological procedure are described and illustrated with a series
      of 135 biopsies. An overall accuracy of 88.9% was achieved. The technique has a
      low morbidity and offers considerable advantages to the patient compared with
      open surgical biopsy.

PMID- 4064542
TI  - Kaolinosis: a radiological review.
AB  - A short account of the industrial process used to produce kaolin is given. The
      chest radiographs of 68 selected cases of kaolinosis were reviewed and the
      radiological appearances are presented. We also describe two cases of Caplan's
      syndrome occurring in kaolinosis.

PMID- 4064543
TI  - Solitary nodular sarcoidosis.
AB  - Three patients, each with a solitary lung nodule consisting of sarcoid tissue,
      are described. With the exception of one case where a submandibular lymph node
      was palpable, clinical and pathological involvement was limited to the thorax and
      the prognosis was highly favourable. In spite of atypical features, the absence
      of other causes of granulomatous inflammation suggests that these patients had
      sarcoidosis. What factors account for limited granulomatous reaction in this form
      of sarcoidosis are unknown. Previous use of corticosteroids and an age of over 40
      years are two possible causes suggested by these cases.

PMID- 4064544
TI  - Computed tomography of axillary and supraclavicular adenopathy.
AB  - The normal cross-sectional anatomy of the axillary and supraclavicular regions is
      demonstrated. One hundred and sixty chest computed tomography scans were reviewed
      and criteria for differentiating normal axillary and supraclavicular structures
      from enlarged lymph nodes established. Axillary structures 14 mm or larger are
      suggestive of axillary adenopathy. Axillary structures 10-13 mm in size raise the
      possibility of adenopathy.

PMID- 4064545
TI  - Prognostic factors in malignant melanoma: a retrospective analysis of 182
      patients.
AB  - The records of 182 patients with malignant melanoma, referred to the Regional
      Radiotherapy Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, between January 1975 and December 1980,
      have been reviewed to determine the influence of site of disease, age and sex of
      the patient, Clark's levels and stage of disease on the prognosis. Site and age
      were found to have no influence on the survival rate. The difference in the
      survival rates of males and females was almost entirely accounted for by the
      difference in their disease at the time of presentation. Survival was found to be
      highly significantly affected by the Clark's levels (p less than 0.0001) and by
      the stage of disease (p less than 0.0001).

PMID- 4064546
TI  - Results of a randomised study to evaluate influence of dose on morbidity in
      radiotherapy for bladder cancer.
AB  - Ninety-four patients with invasive transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder
      were randomised to receive three different doses of megavoltage X-rays. Doses of
      50.0 Gy, 52.5 Gy and 57.5 Gy were given in 20 daily fractions. Patients were
      stratified into two groups by tumour size: less than 5.0 cm and 5.0-7.0 cm in
      diameter. The large tumours were more advanced (higher T stage) and included a
      larger number of patients with less well differentiated tumours. Comparisons of
      morbidity are made in each dose group defined by tumour size. Early and late
      morbidity was carefully assessed during follow-up and was found to be
      unacceptably high in the group who received 57.5 Gy in 20 daily fractions.

PMID- 4064547
TI  - Early uterine body carcinoma: has post-operative vaginal irradiation any value?
AB  - A retrospective study of 1703 Stage 1A and 1B adenocarcinomas of the uterine
      body, treated with and without post-hysterectomy vaginal irradiation in
      Birmingham between 1960 and 1974 inclusive, showed a vaginal failure rate of
      3.76%. Vaginal irradiation eliminated recurrence in non-invasive tumours, and
      reduced the incidence in the invasive ones. Treatment had no influence on the
      incidence of pelvic recurrence, metastatic disease or the survival rate of any
      histological type of tumour, invasive or non-invasive. Treatment of late
      recurrence reduced the final vaginal failure rate to 0.83%. Prognosis depended on
      the size of uterine cavity, the histological grade and invasive character of the
      tumour, and was unrelated to post-operative local treatment.

PMID- 4064548
TI  - Carcinoma of the cervix: the staging anomaly.
AB  - An analysis of 3625 carcinomas of the cervix treated in Birmingham between 1960
      and 1974 showed FIGO staging to be anomalous. State 2B and 3B each contain two
      subgroups with differing prognosis, depending on whether one or both parametria
      are involved. Unilateral Stage 2B disease has a prognosis identical with Stage
      2A. Bilateral Stage 2B, Stage 3A and unilateral Stage 3B disease have identical
      survival figures. Stages 1A, 1B and 4 and bilateral Stage 3B disease have unique
      survival characteristics. A system of staging combining FIGO clinical stages with
      prognosis facilitates interpretation of treatment results, survival figures and
      comparisons of series.

PMID- 4064549
TI  - A retrospective study of the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of soft-tissue
      sarcoma.
AB  - One hundred and forty patients with soft-tissue sarcoma were seen between 1965
      and 1974 and the pathology has been reviewed in 93 cases. One hundred and eight
      patients were treated radically. Their overall survival rate was 53% at 5 years
      and 41% at 10 years. Overall local control was 63% but primary local control
      varied considerably with treatment, being highest for those receiving surgery and
      post-operative radiotherapy. The poor prognosis of patients with paravertebral
      tumours is confirmed.

PMID- 4064550
TI  - Pneumocolon as an aid to small-bowel studies.
AB  - A prospective study was performed in 138 consecutive patients referred for small
      bowel examination to evaluate the use of the pneumocolon when there was poor
      demonstration of the terminal ileum. One hundred and twenty-two patients were
      examined by enteroclysis (small-bowel enema) and 16 by small-bowel meal.
      Pneumocolon was used in 38 of the small-bowel enemas and in eight of the small
      bowel meal examinations. In 29 cases (21 small-bowel enema; eight small-bowel
      meal) the use of the pneumocolon significantly improved demonstration of the
      terminal ileum. When the distal ileum is not adequately seen on a small-bowel
      study, pneumocolon serves as a useful additional technique.

PMID- 4064551
TI  - Vascular complications of osteochondroma.
AB  - Apart from trauma, symptoms arising from peripheral arteries are very unusual in
      adolescents and young adults. Three cases of osteochondroma associated with rare
      vascular complications are presented, together with a review of the literature.
      The development of pain in relation to osteochondroma does not necessarily imply
      trauma or the onset of malignancy and vascular complications should be
      considered, particularly if the bone lesion occurs around the knee. In this
      situation, arteriography is considered essential in planning surgical treatment
      and the importance of angiography in two planes is emphasised.

PMID- 4064552
TI  - Incidental lumbo-sacral myelographic abnormalities shown by water-soluble
      contrast medium.
AB  - The use of water-soluble contrast media for myelography has not resulted in the
      demonstration of more incidental findings of abnormality in the lumbo-sacral
      region than when oily contrast media were used. In a prospective study of 100
      adult patients having myelography for other reasons, incidental findings
      consistent with disc herniation were seen in only 10%. During follow-up of not
      less than 1 year, none of these 10 patients developed symptoms of lumbo-sacral
      radiculopathy.

PMID- 4064553
TI  - Classification of dental cysts.

PMID- 4064554
TI  - The distribution of catecholamines between platelets and plasma in normal human
      subjects.
AB  - We have used high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical
      detection to measure content of adrenaline and noradrenaline in platelets in 13
      normal subjects at rest. Subjects were exercised to raise plasma catecholamine
      levels and promote the platelet release reaction. There was a significant
      positive correlation between plasma noradrenaline concentrations and platelet
      noradrenaline content. Platelet/plasma concentration ratios were 1855 for
      noradrenaline and 268 for adrenaline at rest and 473 and 152 respectively after
      exercise. Plasma noradrenaline levels positively correlated with age.
      Determination of platelet factors released to the plasma showed increases of beta
      thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 with exercise, whereas thromboxane B2
      remained unchanged. No change in platelet catecholamine levels occurred with
      exercise and no correlations were observed between platelet catecholamines and
      released platelet factors. These data suggest that plasma catecholamine levels
      influence platelet content and that noradrenaline and adrenaline are concentrated
      in platelets.

PMID- 4064555
TI  - A study of erythrocyte membrane proteins and urinary polypeptides in conga
      drumming haemoglobinuria.
AB  - The erythrocyte membrane proteins and glycoproteins and urinary polypeptides have
      been examined in a patient exhibiting intermittent pigmenturia associated with
      conga drumming. Significant excretion of haemoglobin, albumin and probably
      erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase but not myoglobin occurred during the acute phase
      of the conga drumming-induced pigmenturia. This usually ceased within 24-48 h. We
      found no evidence of aberrant erythrocyte membrane components on electrophoresis
      with either protein staining or a range of 125I-labelled lectins used for
      detection.

PMID- 4064556
TI  - The measurement of breathlessness induced in normal subjects: validity of two
      scaling techniques.
AB  - The intensity of breathlessness induced by ventilatory stimulation resulting from
      hypercapnia, hypoxia or exercise has been quantified in normals by using the two
      different sensory scaling techniques of linear visual analogue scaling and ratio
      magnitude estimation. In naive individuals both techniques show good face
      validity. When related to ventilation, quantification of breathlessness is
      moderately reproducible with both methods, even when subjects are kept in
      ignorance of the pattern of ventilatory stimulation. There is a small within- and
      large between-subject variability with both scaling techniques; possible factors
      responsible are discussed. The reproducibility of visual analogue scaling when
      related to ventilation is independent of the nature of the ventilatory stimulus
      and is maintained over intervals as long as 1 week when memory for the score
      given is unlikely to be an important factor. The difficulties of interpreting
      subjective estimates of perceived breathlessness are discussed, together with the
      relative merits of the two scaling techniques.

PMID- 4064557
TI  - Bile lipid secretion in obese and non-obese individuals with and without
      gallstones.
AB  - Biliary lipid secretion rates were measured in non-obese and obese individuals
      with and without cholesterol gallstones, using a steady-state, amino acid
      duodenal perfusion method. In addition, biliary lipid secretion rates were
      measured in five obese gallstone patients receiving high-dose chenodeoxycholic
      acid therapy (16-22 mg day-1 kg-1). Bile acid secretion rates in the non-obese
      patients with cholesterol gallstones (563 +/- SEM 70 mumol/h, n = 6) were
      significantly lower than in the non-obese controls (1078 +/- 210 mumol/h, n = 10,
      P less than 0.05), whereas cholesterol secretion rates were similar in the non
      obese individuals with and without gallstones (51 +/- 7 and 42 +/- 4 mumol/h
      respectively). In the obese, both with and without gallstones, the major
      abnormality was hypersecretion of cholesterol (107 +/- 7 mumol/h, n = 7, and 81
      +/- 15 mumol/h, n = 7, respectively). Both these values were significantly
      greater than those in the non-obese controls (P less than 0.01-0.02). Biliary
      cholesterol secretion rates correlated significantly with bile acid secretion
      rates but, for every mole of bile acid secreted, the obese secreted more
      cholesterol than the non-obese. Chenodeoxycholic acid treatment lowered biliary
      cholesterol saturation in obese gallstone patients by reducing biliary
      cholesterol secretion. These results suggest that there are two major types of
      defect in biliary lipid secretion in gallstone patients: reduced biliary bile
      acid secretion in non-obese gallstone patients and excessive biliary cholesterol
      secretion in the obese.

PMID- 4064558
TI  - Effect of naloxone on the defective autonomic control of heart rate in uraemic
      patients.
AB  - The role of endogenous opioids on the reflex cardiovascular control of chronic
      uraemic patients was investigated. The opiate antagonist naloxone administered
      intravenously caused a significant increase in the abnormal Valsalva manoeuvre
      ratio in nine chronic uraemic patients, but it had no effect in six diabetic
      patients with normal renal function, whose response to the Valsalva manoeuvre was
      similar to that of chronic uraemic patients. Naloxone had no effect in eight
      normal subjects. The increase in the Valsalva ratio observed in uraemic patients
      was due to restoration of the parasympathetically mediated reflex bradycardia of
      the release phase of the manoeuvre. Naloxone did not modify supine and standing
      blood pressure and heart rate in any group. Endogenous opioids may be involved in
      the defective autonomic control of heart rate in uraemic patients.

PMID- 4064559
TI  - The effect of pyridoxine on oxalate dynamics in three cases of primary
      hyperoxaluria (with glycollic aciduria).
AB  - We have measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR), extracellular fluid volume
      (ECF), oxalate distribution volume (OxDV), plasma oxalate concentration (POx.),
      plasma total clearance of oxalate (PCOx.), oxalate metabolic pool size [(OxDV) X
      (POx.)], renal clearance of oxalate (RCOx.), oxalate excretion, tissue clearance
      of oxalate (TCOx.) and tissue oxalate accumulation rate [(TOx.A) = (TCOx.) X
      (POx.)] in three patients with type I primary hyperoxaluria (hyperoxaluria with
      hyperglycollic aciduria) when they were taking pyridoxine and after
      discontinuation of the vitamin. Seven days after stopping pyridoxine the plasma
      oxalate concentration, oxalate metabolic pool size and the urinary excretion of
      oxalate had all increased between seven- and eight-fold in two of the patients.
      The third patient showed no changes on stopping pyridoxine. These results support
      the view that pyridoxine acts by reducing oxalate biosynthesis in some patients
      with type I primary hyperoxaluria. The possible biochemical basis for this effect
      is discussed.

PMID- 4064560
TI  - The maximal sniff in the assessment of diaphragm function in man.
AB  - We studied diaphragm function in a total of 64 normal subjects, who had no past
      or present respiratory or neuromuscular impairment. We measured
      transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) during maximal sniffs and compared these values
      with Pdi during maximal static inspiratory efforts (PImax.). The range of Pdi
      during maximal sniffs (82-204 cm H2O) had better defined lower limits than Pdi
      during PImax. (16-164 cm H2O) and a higher mean value: mean +/- SD for maximal
      sniffs was 137 +/- 28 cm H2O and for PImax. was 90 +/- 37 cm H2O. The
      reproducibility of sniff Pdi was assessed in eight randomly chosen subjects over
      3 days: the mean coefficient of variation was 7.2%. By comparison the coefficient
      of variation of Pdi during PImax. was 13.0% in seven subjects. The maximal sniff
      is a spontaneous manoeuvre, easily performed, repeatable without tiring, and
      reproducible. Its measurement provides a more reliable quantitative method for
      assessment of diaphragm strength, which has potential in clinical practice.

PMID- 4064561
TI  - Antigenic reactivity of peptides derived from wheat gluten with sera from
      patients with coeliac disease.
AB  - Fraction B from a peptic-tryptic digest of gluten from Scout 66 wheat has already
      been shown to cause histological damage to the jejunal mucosa of coeliac
      patients. Peptide fractions, designated P1-P4, have been prepared from it by a
      combination of gel filtration (producing an intermediate fraction pseudo-B2: psi
      B2) and reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. An enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been used to measure IgG antibodies to fraction B
      in sera from untreated coeliac patients, patients with inflammatory bowel disease
      (IBD) and healthy individuals. The coeliac group had significantly higher (P less
      than 0.05) antibody levels to fraction B than either of the control groups
      [medians: coeliac disease (n = 21), 0.247; IBD (n = 17) 0.019; healthy controls
      (n = 13) 0.020]. Five coeliac sera which gave high absorbance values in the ELISA
      were chosen and preincubated with fraction B in a range of concentrations, before
      assay by ELISA: a dose-dependent inhibition of binding was found. Two sera which
      gave high ELISA values were preincubated with fractions B2 and P1-P4. B2, P1, P2
      and P4 gave a dose-dependent inhibition, with P1 being the most potent. Absolute
      values were different for the two sera but the same relative pattern of
      reactivity was observed for each. With the serum giving the higher ELISA value
      the concentration of fraction (microgram/ml) giving a 50% inhibition of binding
      when 0.5 ml was added to 0.5 ml of a 1/500 dilution of the serum (IC50) was 2.6
      for fraction B, 61 for P1, 155 for B2 and 285 and 295 for P4 and P2
      respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4064562
TI  - Alanine and glutamine release from the human forearm: effects of glucose
      administration.
AB  - The effect of glucose infusion alone (175 mg/kg bolus dose followed by 4 mg min-1
      kg-1 for 70 min) and in combination with forearm exercise on the exchange of
      glucose, alanine, glutamine and other metabolites and amino acids across forearm
      muscle was studied in six healthy individuals after an overnight fast. Arterial
      and deep venous blood was sampled and a mercury strain gauge plethysmograph was
      used to measure forearm blood flow. Total body energy expenditure and net glucose
      and fat oxidation were assessed by indirect calorimetry. The infusion of glucose
      increased the mean arterial blood glucose concentration from 4.95 +/- 0.19 (SEM)
      to a plateau of 9.6-9.9 mmol/l (P less than 0.01). The arterial blood
      concentrations of alanine and glutamine were not significantly altered but that
      of lactate increased from 0.50 +/- 0.02 to 0.65 +/- 0.05 mmol/l (P less than
      0.02) and that of pyruvate increased from 46 +/- 5 to 72 +/- 6 mumol/l (P less
      than 0.01). In the resting state glucose administration did not significantly
      affect the lactate/pyruvate ratio in arterial or venous blood. Arterial plasma
      insulin concentration increased four-fold and total ketone body concentration
      decreased two- to three-fold. After glucose administration, alanine release was
      suppressed (in all subjects) from a mean value of 153 +/- 22 to 57 +/- 16 nmol
      min-1 100 ml-1 of forearm (P less than 0.02) whereas that of glutamine was not
      significantly affected (160 +/- 30 to 143 +/- 29 nmol min-1 100 ml-1 of forearm).
      Lactate release, like that of alanine, decreased, whereas pyruvate was slowly
      released in the basal state and was taken up during glucose administration (P
      less than 0.01). These changes were associated with a decrease in the uptake of
      total ketone bodies to one-fifth to one-tenth of that in the basal state. The net
      amino acid balance across the forearm muscle bed was negative throughout the
      study but decreased from a mean value of -567 in the basal state to -300 nmol min
      1 100 ml-1 of forearm after glucose administration for 60 min. This was
      predominantly due to decreased release of effluxing amino acids, particularly
      alanine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4064563
TI  - Leg metabolism of amino acids and ammonia in patients with chronic renal failure.
AB  - Leg metabolism of amino acids and ammonia in the postabsorptive state was
      evaluated in 10 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and in 10 patients with
      normal renal function (controls) by measuring the arterial-femoral venous (A-FV)
      differences for free amino acids and ammonia. Total amino acid release from the
      leg and alanine and glutamine release, which accounts for the greatest amount of
      the total amino acid release, are similar in patients and controls. Total amino
      acid uptake from the arterial blood and glutamate uptake, which is the amino acid
      extracted at the highest rate, are comparable in both groups. Taken together
      these data, in addition to the similarity of A-FV differences for proteolytic
      markers, namely tyrosine, phenylalanine and histidine, suggest that protein
      breakdown in peripheral tissues is not increased in patients with CRF. In CRF
      selective metabolic abnormalities for some amino acids are evident. Whilst only
      the A-FV differences for valine, leucine and isoleucine are decreased, additional
      alterations are observed by relating the A-FV difference for each amino acid to
      that of proteolytic markers. Such a procedure demonstrates that in CRF histidine
      release relative to that of proteolytic markers is reduced, whereas proline and
      arginine release is increased. In CRF the reduced release of some amino acids,
      mainly branched-chain amino acids, by the leg probably affects the pattern of
      circulating amino acids. Finally, both in patients and in controls a significant
      uptake of ammonia is observed; the ammonia uptake is related to arterial levels
      of this metabolite, confirming the role of peripheral tissues in removing ammonia
      from circulation.

PMID- 4064564
TI  - Maximal short term exercise capacity in healthy subjects aged 15-70 years.
AB  - Fifty males and 50 females, 15-71 years of age, exercised maximally for 30 s on
      an isokinetic ergometer at a pedalling frequency of 60 rev./min. Results were
      compared with maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max.) obtained in a progressive
      incremental exercise test. Total work in 30 s was higher in males than females,
      declined linearly by about 6% per decade of age (r = -0.65), and was related
      closely to height (r = 0.75) and to lean thigh volume estimated
      anthropometrically (r = 0.84). A close association with vital capacity (r = 0.86)
      was also found that accounted statistically for the combined effects of age and
      height. The percentage decline in power during 30 s (fatigue index) was lower in
      subjects reporting greater leisure activity. A close relationship was found
      between total work in 30 s and VO2max. (r = 0.86), with vital capacity and
      leisure activity exerting additional influences on VO2max. (P less than 0.001;
      multiple r = 0.93). The well-established reduction with age in VO2max. is
      associated with an apparent parallel reduction in the power output capacity of
      large muscle groups recruited in heavy dynamic leg exercise.

PMID- 4064565
TI  - The effect of adrenaline upon cardiovascular and metabolic functions in man.
AB  - On three separate occasions, at least 1 week apart, seven young healthy male
      subjects received intravenous infusions of either adrenaline, 50 ng min-1 kg-1
      (high A), adrenaline, 10 ng min-1 kg-1 (low A) or sodium chloride solution
      (saline: 154 mmol of NaCl/l) plus ascorbic acid, 1 mg/ml (control), over 30 min.
      Venous adrenaline concentrations of 2.19 +/- 0.15 nmol/l, 0.73 +/- 0.08 nmol/l
      and 0.15 +/- 0.03 nmol/l were achieved during the high A, low A and control
      infusions respectively. Heart rate rose significantly by 19 +/- 3 beats/min (high
      A) and by 6 +/- 1 beats/min (low A). Heart rate remained significantly elevated
      30 min after cessation of the high A infusion, despite venous plasma adrenaline
      concentration having fallen to control levels. The diastolic blood pressure fell
      during the high A and low A infusions, but the systolic blood pressure rose only
      during the high A infusion. Vasodilatation occurred in the calf vascular bed
      during both high A and low A infusions. The changes in hand blood flow and hand
      vascular resistance were not statistically significant, although there was a
      tendency to vasoconstriction during the infusion of adrenaline. Metabolic rate
      rose significantly by 23.5 +/- 1.8% (high A) and by 11.8 +/- 1.6% (low A).
      Metabolic rate remained elevated between 15 and 30 min after termination of the
      high A infusion. There was an initial transient increase in respiratory exchange
      ratio (RER) during the adrenaline infusions. During the later stages of the
      adrenaline infusions and after their cessation, RER fell, probably reflecting
      increased fat oxidation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4064566
TI  - Cytosolic free calcium and intracellular calcium stores in neutrophils from
      hypertensive subjects.
AB  - Alterations in intracellular calcium have been implicated in the pathogenesis of
      essential hypertension. To see whether this is a generalized phenomenon we
      assessed cytosolic free calcium and intracellular calcium stores in neutrophils
      from normo- and hypertensive subjects, by trapping the fluorescent calcium
      indicator quin2 in intact cells. Ten patients with untreated essential
      hypertension were compared with 10 age- and sex-matched normotensive subjects.
      The levels of cytosolic free calcium and intracellular calcium stores releasable
      by the calcium ionophore ionomycin did not differ. No significant relationship
      was found between blood pressure and the calcium parameters in all 20 subjects
      studied. The results indicate that essential hypertension is not associated with
      a membrane defect in calcium handling of all human cell systems, leading to
      generalized increases in resting values of cytosolic free calcium. Neutrophils do
      not appear to be a good model for intracellular calcium handling in vascular
      smooth muscle.

PMID- 4064567
TI  - The effect of arginine vasopressin on ureagenesis in isolated rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The effect of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on ureagenesis was measured in isolated
      rat hepatocytes with ammonium chloride and L(+)-lactate as substrates. AVP was
      found to stimulate urea synthesis and the dose-response curve suggests that such
      an effect is present at concentrations of the hormone as low as 25-50 pmol/l.
      Both the dose-response curve and the concentrations of NH+4 employed suggest that
      the effect observed could be of physiological significance.

PMID- 4064568
TI  - Influence of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system on nocturnal
      bronchial obstruction.
AB  - To determine whether an autonomic nervous system imbalance might underlie the
      nocturnal dyspnoea in patients with chronic airflow obstruction (CAO), we
      determined FEV1, sinus arrhythmia gap (SA gap), heart rate and urinary adrenaline
      and noradrenaline excretion every 4 h over 24 h. Measurements were performed in
      eight non-allergic patients with CAO and eight age- and sex-matched normal
      controls. The amplitude of the circadian changes in FEV1 in patients and controls
      was 27 +/- 2% and 7 +/- 1% respectively (P less than 0.001). Both an increased SA
      gap and a decreased heart rate are features of increased vagal activity. This
      vagal activity was significantly increased in patients, compared with normal
      controls (difference P less than 0.01), the difference being maximal at night.
      This increased activity might contribute to a bronchial obstruction in these
      patients. Urinary adrenaline excretion was significantly higher by day than by
      night in both patients and normal controls (P less than 0.01). The urinary levels
      of adrenaline in the patients were significantly decreased at all hours of
      observation as compared with levels in normal controls (P less than 0.05).
      Urinary noradrenaline levels were significantly lower in patients as compared
      with normal subjects (P less than 0.01), and lower by night than by day. Urinary
      histamine and Nt-methylhistamine excretion were in the normal range in each
      individual. Urinary levels, however, were significantly higher in patients at all
      hours of observation (P less than 0.05). No circadian rhythm was shown. Plasma
      cortisol levels showed a normal circadian variation, similar in patients and
      normal subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4064569
TI  - Human pancreatic and biliary responses to physiological concentrations of
      cholecystokinin octapeptide.
AB  - To determine the functional significance of physiological plasma concentrations
      of cholecystokinin, five volunteers each received graded doses of intravenous
      infusions of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8). At each dose plasma
      concentrations of CCK-8 were determined and pancreatic and biliary outputs were
      measured. Threshold plasma concentrations of CCK-8 for augmenting pancreatic
      trypsin secretion were undetectable (less than 3 pmol/l), and maximal trypsin
      output of 21.9 +/- 1.95 k-i.u./30 min was produced by 17.1 +/- 6.4 pmol of CCK
      8/1. Calculated halfmaximal output was produced by 4.7 pmol of CCK-8/1. Maximal
      trypsin output during infusions of CCK-8 was significantly less than that after a
      combination of the CCK-like peptide, caerulein, and secretin (32.95 +/- 2.16 k
      i.u./30 min, P less than 0.001). Biliary bile acid and bilirubin outputs were
      significantly augmented only when plasma concentrations of CCK-8 were greater
      than 5 pmol/l. Plasma concentrations of CCK-8 in the low picomolar range exert
      significant effects on pancreatic and biliary secretion. CCK-8 fulfills the
      criteria for a circulating hormone.

PMID- 4064570
TI  - Changes in plasma volume, in transcapillary escape rate of albumin and in
      subcutaneous blood flow during hypoglycaemia in man.
AB  - Hypoglycaemia was induced by insulin injected intravenously (0.15 i.u./kg body
      weight) in seven healthy young males. Plasma volume was measured before and
      during hypoglycaemia by intravenous injection of 125I before hypoglycaemia and of
      131I during hypoglycaemia. Plasma volume decreased and transcapillary escape rate
      increased significantly during hypoglycaemia. Skin temperature and local
      subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow were measured in four different regions.
      Both tended to decrease during hypoglycaemia and decreased significantly 2 h
      after hypoglycaemia. There was no correlation between changes in the two
      measurements, suggesting that there is no simple relationship between
      subcutaneous blood flow and skin temperature during hypoglycaemia.

PMID- 4064571
TI  - Effects of atelectasis and vascular occlusion on the simultaneous measurement of
      serotonin and propranolol pulmonary extraction in dogs.
AB  - To test the relative sensitivity of serotonin and propranolol pulmonary
      extraction measurements to changes in pulmonary vascular surface, we sequentially
      subjected anaesthetized dogs to left upper lobe atelectasis, left lung
      atelectasis and left pulmonary artery occlusion. We used a triple-indicator
      dilution technique to simultaneously measure the pulmonary extraction of
      serotonin and propranolol. After an initial series of measurements, dogs received
      dopamine and dextran to slightly increase pulmonary artery pressure and prevent
      further recruitment of capillaries. Left upper lobe atelectasis did not modify
      the pulmonary extraction of serotonin and propranolol. Left lung atelectasis
      provoked a reduction in the serotonin extraction ratio by only 4%, whereas the
      propranolol extraction ratio decreased by 13%. After left pulmonary artery
      occlusion, propranolol and serotonin extraction ratios decreased by 16% and 5%
      respectively. We conclude that the pulmonary extraction of propranolol is more
      sensitive to a decrease in pulmonary vascular surface than that of serotonin.

PMID- 4064572
TI  - Effect of indomethacin on urine concentration and dilution in the rat.
AB  - The precise role of prostaglandins in modulating urine concentration and dilution
      is unclear. Evidence in vitro has recently cast doubt on the accepted theory that
      renal prostaglandins inhibit the hydro-osmotic effect of vasopressin. Urine
      clearance studies were performed on indomethacin treated (prostaglandin
      deficient) and control anaesthetized water diuretic rats both before and during
      the addition of vasopressin in maximal (10 m-units) and supramaximal (100 m
      units) concentrations. Before the addition of vasopressin, indomethacin treatment
      inhibited the excretion of a water load by 48.7%. The mean papillary sodium
      concentration was also greater in this group of rats. Vasopressin (10 m-units)
      increased the urine osmolality in control and indomethacin treated rats; however,
      the mean urine osmolality was greater in the indomethacin group (1521 +/- 103
      compared with 1120 +/- 98 mosmol/kg; P less than 0.01), as was the papillary
      sodium concentration. A ten-fold increase in vasopressin depressed the papillary
      sodium concentration to a level similar to that in the control group and produced
      a marked natriuresis. Consequently, the mean urine osmolalities and urine flows
      were similar in control and indomethacin treated rats. These experiments suggest
      that a major function of renal prostaglandins is to increase the ability of the
      kidney to excrete a water load. Renal prostaglandins do not interfere with the
      vasopressin induced increase in distal nephron water permeability.

PMID- 4064573
TI  - A family with mild hereditary xerocytosis showing high membrane cation
      permeability at low temperatures.
AB  - Radioisotopic cation transport studies are described in a family whose
      erythrocytes had previously been found to show an abnormal net efflux of
      potassium when cooled to room temperature. This net efflux effect, which was
      inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, was associated with a few target cells
      on the blood film and a mild compensated haemolytic state. Measurements of
      intracellular electrolyte concentrations, cell water and of Na+ and K+ transport
      rates across the membrane at 37 degrees C were consistent with a diagnosis of
      mild hereditary xerocytosis. Studies of cation transport in the temperature range
      20-37 degrees C revealed that the fluxes attributable to the Na+-K+ pump showed a
      temperature dependence comparable with that in normal cells, but that the ouabain
      plus loop-diuretic insensitive fluxes of K+, which probably represent the
      'passive diffusional leak' to K+, were less sensitive to temperature than normal
      over the range 20-37 degrees C. These findings were held to account for the net
      efflux effect previously reported.

PMID- 4064574
TI  - Intra-individual variability in postural blood pressure in the elderly.
AB  - Orthostatic hypotension, an age-related phenomenon, has been associated with
      hypertension and body weight variability. To evaluate the relative contributions
      of blood pressure elevation and abnormalities in extracellular volume regulation
      to orthostatic hypotension, elderly institutionalized subjects (mean age = 87 +/-
      7 years), taking no cardiovascular medications, underwent measurement of body
      weight (n = 15) and first morning supine and standing blood pressures (n = 19),
      12-13 times per subject over a 2-4 week period. There was a wide day-to-day
      variability in postural systolic blood pressure change (coefficient of variation
      = 533%) and a strong negative correlation between each day's postural change in
      systolic blood pressure and basal supine blood pressure (r = -0.55, P less than
      0.0001). There was no association between postural blood pressure change and
      heart rate response or body weight changes, which were very small over the
      duration of the study (coefficient of variation = 0.6%). Elderly individuals have
      intact homeostatic mechanisms for the control of standing pressure when basal
      blood pressure is normal. Postural hypotension in the elderly is a variable
      phenomenon related to elevations in basal blood pressure.

PMID- 4064575
TI  - Ventilatory saving by external chest wall compression or oral high-frequency
      oscillation in normal subjects and those with chronic airflow obstruction.
AB  - Oscillation of the air within the lungs at high frequency is associated with an
      increased clearance of CO2. Because of the high frequency and low volume of these
      oscillations, spontaneous breathing is unhindered and the technique has potential
      value as a supplement to ventilation. High-frequency oscillations were
      superimposed upon tidal breathing by using a loudspeaker attached to a mouthpiece
      (oral high-frequency oscillation, OHFO) or by external chest wall compression
      (ECWC). We set out (a) to compare the changes in ventilation and breathlessness
      by using OHFO and ECWC in normal subjects with those in patients with chronic
      airflow obstruction (CAO), and (b) to relate the pattern of saving to the
      resonant frequencies of the respiratory system as a whole (for, 5-10 Hz in normal
      subjects, 16-26 Hz in CAO) and those of the ribcage (foc, 70 Hz). OHFO reduced
      minute ventilation (VE) by up to 46% in normal subjects (P less than 0.01) and
      29% in CAO (P less than 0.01) without any rise in CO2. ECWC reduced VE by 27% in
      normal subjects (P less than 0.01) and 16% in CAO (P less than 0.01) without a
      rise in CO2. High-frequency oscillation by either method relieved breathlessness
      in those with CAO and was comfortable and well tolerated. In normal subjects for
      was discrete and varied little with respiration. Maximum savings occurred around
      for (5-10 Hz). In CAO, there was no obvious single resonant frequency and flow
      and pressure signals were intermittently in phase over a band of about 10 Hz.
      Thus the reductions in minute ventilation were only loosely related to for (13-26
      Hz). Neither group reduced VE at foc (65-75 Hz). OHFO has considerable potential
      in the management of patients with CAO, where it may be of value as an assistance
      to breathing and in the relief of breathlessness. ECWC, although effective in
      principle, is impractical by our methods and awaits the development of an
      acceptable delivery system.

PMID- 4064576
TI  - Enhancement of the sympathoadrenal response to the cold-pressor test by naloxone
      in man.
AB  - The effects of naloxone (8 mg) on the pressor and plasma catecholamine response
      to a standard cold-pressor test have been evaluated in six normal male subjects.
      Plasma catecholamines were estimated by high performance liquid chromatography
      coupled to electrochemical detection. Cold stimulation induced significant
      elevations in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline to reach mean peak levels 61%
      and 108% above their respective basal levels (P less than 0.05). Systolic blood
      pressure increased by 23 +/- 6.5 mmHg (P less than 0.001), and heart rate
      increased by 7.5 +/- 2.5 beats/min (P less than 0.001). Naloxone pretreatment
      significantly enhanced the plasma adrenaline response to the cold stimulus by 98%
      (P less than 0.01) with concomitant changes in peak systolic blood pressure (peak
      increment 31 +/- 6 mmHg) and pulse rate (12.5 +/- 3.5 beats/min) responses (both
      P less than 0.05). The mean plasma noradrenaline response to cold also increased
      after naloxone, but this failed to achieve significance. Endogenous opioids are
      likely to be involved in the sympathoadrenal response to a mild acute stress in
      man.

PMID- 4064577
TI  - Obstructive jaundice blunts myocardial contractile response to isoprenaline in
      the dog: a clue to the susceptibility of jaundiced patients to shock?
AB  - Patients with obstructive jaundice are susceptible to postoperative shock. To
      clarify the mechanism of this phenomenon, we compared the contractile response to
      isoprenaline of isolated ventricular preparations from three groups of dogs: (a)
      dogs with chronic bile-duct ligation (CBDL), (b) dogs with choledochocaval
      anastomosis (CDCA) and (c) sham-operated dogs (SO). Isolated ventricular muscles
      from CBDL and CDCA dogs showed a depressed contractile response to isoprenaline
      as compared with SO dogs. Mechanical performance was spared in the CBDL and CDCA
      dogs. There were no differences in the contractile responses of SO and CBDL dogs,
      either to ouabain or to changes in the rates of stimulation (force-frequency
      relationships). These data demonstrate that, in the dog, obstructive jaundice
      and/or cholaemia are associated with blunted contractile response to beta
      adrenoreceptor stimulation in the face of intact basic mechanical performance.
      Similar inotropic refractoriness to beta-adrenoreceptor stimulation could
      contribute to the susceptibility to postoperative shock in patients with
      obstructive jaundice.

PMID- 4064578
TI  - The effect of hypoglycaemia on visual function: a clinical and
      electrophysiological study.
AB  - Disturbance of vision commonly accompanies hypoglycaemia. This study was designed
      to investigate the nature of the visual disturbance, the blood glucose threshold
      at which the disturbance occurred and the physiological basis. Measurements were
      made of the corrected visual acuity, colour vision (100 Hue test), visual evoked
      potentials (VEP), electroencephalography (EEG) frequency analysis and psychometry
      (digit recall) during stepwise induction of controlled hypoglycaemia produced by
      an intravenous insulin infusion. Six male volunteers and five insulin-dependent
      diabetic subjects were studied. During hypoglycaemia corrected visual acuity was
      unchanged. Colour vision was significantly impaired. Baseline VEP were normal in
      both groups but significantly prolonged during hypoglycaemia (mean increment 10.8
      ms) and increased by greater than 5 ms in nine out of 11 subjects. Quantitative
      EEG analysis demonstrated slowing with a power density spectral shift from fast
      alpha to slow alpha, theta and delta which correlated with VEP latency and
      amplitude changes. The findings have clinical implications. A deterioration in
      colour vision is likely to impair the ability to read reagent strips by eye. VEP
      measurements in diabetic patients are likely to be misleading if hypoglycaemia is
      present; EEG changes are a sensitive index of cortical dysfunction during
      hypoglycaemia and provide a theoretical basis for developing a portable device to
      detect early hypoglycaemia.

PMID- 4064580
TI  - Glutamine synthesis in the perfused rat kidney and in isolated rat cortical
      tubules: regulation by pH.
AB  - The possible involvement of renal glutamine synthesis in the regulation of
      ammoniagenesis during metabolic acidosis has been investigated. Using an isotope
      dilution technique glutamine synthesis has been demonstrated in the intact
      perfused rat kidney, despite zero net balance for glutamine in this preparation.
      Inhibition of glutamine synthesis resulted in increased ammonia production in
      isolated cortical tubules. The rates of these processes were comparable. We
      conclude that recycling of nitrogen through glutamine synthesis and glutamine
      hydrolysis could play a quantitatively significant role in the control of ammonia
      excretion by the kidney, particularly in acute acidosis where the fall in pH
      seems to inhibit glutamine synthesis.

PMID- 4064579
TI  - The calmodulin content of the epidermis in psoriasis.
AB  - The calmodulin content of epidermis was determined by assay of biologically
      active and radioimmunoassayable calmodulin in epidermal biopsy samples of 16
      normal control subjects and 36 patients with psoriasis. Calmodulin levels in the
      involved epidermis of patients with psoriasis were significantly greater than in
      epidermis of control subjects, with both methods of calmodulin measurement.
      Levels of calmodulin in the uninvolved epidermis were also elevated but to a
      lesser degree, achieving statistical significance only when measured by
      radioimmunoassay. However, the degree of correlation between the two measurements
      of calmodulin was poor for the patient samples, suggesting that each may measure
      a different form of calmodulin. The specificity of the elevated calmodulin in
      psoriatic epidermis was investigated by measuring calmodulin in another unrelated
      tissue. Calmodulin activity in circulating peripheral blood lymphocytes of seven
      patients with psoriasis was similar to that found in the lymphocytes of ten
      normal volunteers. The relationship between calmodulin and the hyperproliferative
      state of the psoriatic epidermis was investigated. No significant increase in
      calmodulin activity was found after mitogen stimulation of lymphocyte
      proliferation or after Sellotape-stripping of the epidermis by a protocol which
      has been shown to cause hyperproliferation of the epidermis.

PMID- 4064582
TI  - Pacemaker manufacturer opens North American headquarters in Denver in face of
      "technology-versus-cost" dilemma.

PMID- 4064581
TI  - Effects of an intravenous saline load on erythrocyte sodium transport in normal
      human subjects.
AB  - The effects of a 2 litre intravenous infusion of saline (0.9% NaCl solution) over
      3 h on erythrocyte transmembrane sodium transport were studied in 12 normal human
      subjects. After saline infusion a significant (P less than 0.01) reduction of
      both outward Na+,K+ pump- and Na+,K+ cotransport-mediated Na+ effluxes was
      observed. The Na+,Li+ countertransport rate and the passive Na+ permeability did
      not change. The incubation of the subjects' erythrocytes, obtained on a separate
      occasion, with their own plasma taken after the saline infusion, induced an
      inhibition of both Na+,K+ pump and Na+,K+ cotransport outward sodium fluxes. The
      percentage decrease after incubation was closely correlated with the percentage
      reduction induced by the saline infusion in vivo (r = 0.93 for the pump and r =
      0.96 for cotransport; P less than 0.01). These data suggest that extracellular
      fluid volume expansion affects the release of circulating factors modulating
      sodium transport by the Na+,K+ pump and by Na+,K+ cotransport.

PMID- 4064583
TI  - Conceptual model for allocation and rationing physical health services to
      Colorado's medically indigent. Conclusion. Part VII. Recommendations.

PMID- 4064584
TI  - Anti-inflammatory dosage--how should we decide therapeutic dosage.

PMID- 4064585
TI  - Azathioprine in 50 rheumatoid arthritic patients intolerant or unresponsive to
      gold or penicillamine.
AB  - This is a retrospective review of 50 rheumatoid patients who had experienced side
      effects with gold and/or penicillamine and who were treated with azathioprine in
      routine clinical practice. The mean duration of the disease at commencement of
      azathioprine was 9.4 years; despite attempts to maintain the dose at 2.5 mg/kg.d
      because of minor side effects the average daily dose was 1.68 mg/kg.d. By one
      year, 11 (22%) had discontinued the drug due to side effects; 6 (12%) had not
      improved in any respect, 20 (40%) had a reduction in the total number of active
      joints with maintenance of function and in 13 (26%) the total number of active
      joints had been reduced by more than a half. During year 2 a further 4
      discontinued therapy for adverse reactions. No further formal analysis has been
      performed though 31 patients were still on the drug with a mean duration of
      therapy for a period of 5 years. Ten of these had less than half their originally
      affected joints still active; this condition was usually associated with a fall
      in ESR and rise in haemoglobin but this was not invariable.

PMID- 4064586
TI  - 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol in experimental osteoporosis.
AB  - The authors, using the experimental pattern of bone rarefaction induced by a low
      calcium diet, tried to determine if 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, administered at
      doses and according to procedures similar to those used in osteoporosis, might
      interfere in such a process of rarefaction. The statistical evaluation of the
      results concerning the size of the amount of spongy bone presented evidence for
      the sharp decrease in the specific bone volume in rats placed on a low calcium
      diet as compared to control rats. Such a difference is found even between rats
      treated with 25-OH-D3. Nonetheless, the authors reported a difference--although
      not statistically significant--that indicated an increase in the amount of bone
      in rats on a normal diet but treated with vitamin D as compared to control rats.
      IN CONCLUSION: 25-OH-D3 by itself, the diet being the same, was not able to
      ameliorate the amount of bone.

PMID- 4064587
TI  - About five cases of acute rheumatic fever in the adult.
AB  - We describe five cases of acute rheumatic fever in adults (applying Jones's
      criteria and exclusion of other common causes of acute polyarthritis in adults).
      The polyarthritis was migratory in three patients and additive in two. Severe
      tenosynovitis was present in three patients. Only one patient had carditis and
      received corticoids. The others improved with aspirin. The disease subsided after
      a time period varying from one week to two months and did not relapse.

PMID- 4064588
TI  - C-reactive protein levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the impact of
      therapy.
AB  - C-reactive protein levels were measured in sera of 111 patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis and were compared with erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The patients
      were divided into six groups according to drug therapy. Comparison between the
      groups suggests that CRP correlates best with ESR in patients treated with
      penicillamine and in patients in clinical remission. Patients treated with gold,
      NSAID or methotrexate have a weaker correlation between the two parameters, while
      steroid therapy yields the poorest correlation which is not statistically
      significant. Our data suggest that although CRP is a sensitive index of disease
      activity, the specific drug taken by the patient must be considered before
      interpreting the results.

PMID- 4064589
TI  - Opera-glass deformity and tendon rupture in a patient with systemic lupus
      erythematosus.
AB  - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease entity that frequently becomes
      clinically evident as a generalized arthritis. Despite this common presentation,
      it is widely accepted that the arthritis of SLE rarely produces severe joint
      deformity with barely 10% of the patients developing swan neck, boutumiere
      deformity or a Jaccoud-like arthropathy. An even lesser proportion of patients
      develop joint erosions and there have been several clinical reports of tendon
      rupture in patients suffering from the above condition. However, there is still a
      great deal of controversy concerning the aetiology of the tendon rupture in these
      patients and while some authors suggest that corticosteroid therapy influences
      the outcome of this syndrome, pathology studies were included in a small number
      of these case reports. The subject of the present case report is a patient with
      SLE and resorptive arthropathy who suffered repeated episodes of tendon ruptures.
      The local pathologic findings in this patient suggest that the basic disease
      process was the cause of the tendon ruptures.

PMID- 4064590
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as catatonic schizophrenia.
AB  - A patient fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus and
      presenting with catatonic schizophrenia is described. Psychiatric features of the
      disease and their management are discussed.

PMID- 4064591
TI  - Ulcerative colitis with arthritis and vasculitis.
AB  - A child with ulcerative colitis is described in whom many unusual complications
      of the disease occurred. Arthritis was present and preceded the onset of the
      colitis. The patient also developed vasculitis, hepatitis, pleuritis,
      pericarditis, cryoglobulinemia, and disseminated intra-vascular coagulopathy. A
      review of the literature on ulcerative colitis revealed the relative infrequent
      occurrence of many of these manifestations in the pediatric age group.

PMID- 4064592
TI  - Multiple neuropathic arthropathy in a patient with syphilis.
AB  - An unusual case of neuropathic arthropathy in a patient with tabes dorsalis is
      presented. The special feature consisted of multiple joint involvement in the
      upper limbs and spine. This uncommon location of Charcot joints can probably be
      attributed to the patient's occupation which involved heavy strains on his upper
      limbs.

PMID- 4064593
TI  - Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with glomerular crescent formation in
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Systemic vasculitis is a well-known complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
      Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is commonly associated with vasculitis
      syndromes but rarely found in RA. This report describes two RA patients with
      complicating systemic vasculitis who developed rapidly progressive
      glomerulonephritis with glomerular crescent formation. One recovered after
      treatment with corticosteroids and cytostatic drugs and the other died of severe
      systemic vasculitis despite similar therapy.

PMID- 4064594
TI  - Progressive systemic sclerosis and S-adenosylmethionine.

PMID- 4064595
TI  - Comparison timegadine versus naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4064596
TI  - An unusual cause of asymmetric rheumatoid involvement in the hands.

PMID- 4064597
TI  - Colchicine in Paget's disease.

PMID- 4064598
TI  - Surgical anatomy of the foot and ankle.

PMID- 4064599
TI  - Thrombotic disorders.

PMID- 4064600
TI  - Renal complications of liver disease.

PMID- 4064601
TI  - [Electromyographic study of long-term treatment with phosphocreatine in
      neuromuscular diseases].

PMID- 4064602
TI  - [The use of superoxide dismutase in articular inflammatory pathology].

PMID- 4064603
TI  - [Magnesium deficiency syndrome in a patient with surgical hypothyroidism with
      normal blood magnesium].

PMID- 4064604
TI  - [Evaluation of the effect of the acute administration and long-term use of
      oligomineral water diuresis and the specific gravity of the urine].

PMID- 4064605
TI  - [Dietary advice for the treatment of the skin].

PMID- 4064606
TI  - Object permanence in five-month-old infants.

PMID- 4064607
TI  - Evaluating the semantic categories hypothesis: the case of the count/mass
      distinction.

PMID- 4064608
TI  - Syntactic frozenness in processing and remembering idioms.

PMID- 4064609
TI  - Antibacterial activity of amifloxacin (WIN 49, 375), a new quinolone agent.
AB  - The in vitro activity of amifloxacin, a quinolone antimicrobial agent was
      compared with those of ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin and norfloxacin against
      gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Ninety percent of Escherichia coli,
      Klebsiella species, Aeromonas, Salmonella, Shigella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter
      species, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, and Morganella morganii were
      inhibited by less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml. Amifloxacin inhibited
      Branhamella, Haemophilus, and Neisseria at less than or equal to 0.25
      microgram/ml, and 90% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including gentamicin- and
      carbenicillin-resistant isolates, at 4 micrograms/ml. It also inhibited
      staphylococci, including methicillin-resistant isolates, but was less active
      against streptococci and Bacteroides species. Amifloxacin had in vitro activity
      similar to enoxacin, ofloxacin, and norfloxacin, but was less active than
      ciprofloxacin. Like other quinolones, it was less active at acid pH and in the
      presence of urine.

PMID- 4064610
TI  - Clinical evaluation of a urine transport kit with lyophilized preservative for
      culture, urinalysis, and sediment microscopy.
AB  - Comparative results of urine culture, specific gravity, chemical urinalysis, and
      sediment microscopy were assessed when specimens submitted to the clinical
      laboratory were divided and processed either in a transport kit containing a
      lyophilized preservative or in a conventional sterile cup without preservative.
      Overall agreement of results of 853 cultures after a 24-hr holding period
      (preserved samples at room temperature, unpreserved samples refrigerated) and 277
      repeat cultures after a 48-hr holding period also showed excellent agreement
      (99.1% and 95.7%, respectively). Results of urinalysis and sediment microscopy
      done on 370 specimens demonstrated greater than 98% agreement after receipt of
      specimens in the laboratory and greater than 94% agreement after the holding
      periods. Specific gravity determinations from samples processed in the presence
      of preservative consistently were 0.006-0.007 units greater than in samples
      processed without preservative, and a reporting adjustment will be necessary when
      the transport kit is used.

PMID- 4064611
TI  - Aspergillus osteomyelitis. Report of a case and review of the literature.
AB  - Aspergillus is a ubiquitous saprophytic fungus seldom pathogenic for normal
      hosts. Aspergillus osteomyelitis occurs infrequently and is typically limited to
      patients with predisposing factors, including leukocyte dysfunction, malignancy
      with neutropenia, steroid or antibiotic therapy, pulmonary aspergillosis, and
      surgical manipulation. The spine is most frequently affected, and the clinical
      presentation is nonspecific (50% afebrile). Diagnosis requires demonstration of
      characteristic, acutely branching, broad, septate hyphae in biopsy material, and
      culture of Aspergillus. Therapy includes debridement of necrotic bone and
      loculated purulence combined with amphotericin B and possibly 5-fluorocytosine or
      rifampin.

PMID- 4064612
TI  - Clinical impact of rapid susceptibility testing.
AB  - The clinical impact of susceptibility testing in general, and rapid same-day
      susceptibility tests in particular, was assessed from two perspectives: does the
      performance of susceptibility testing in the laboratory influence the clinical
      use of antibiotics? Does laboratory susceptibility testing affect the outcome of
      patients with infectious diseases? The following conclusions were derived from
      this investigation. In vitro susceptibility testing does significantly influence
      antibiotic usage, but it is difficult to demonstrate a direct relationship
      between the results of the susceptibility tests and disease outcome. There is
      little objective evidence to support the contention that rapid susceptibility
      tests have a greater clinical impact than traditional overnight procedures.
      Additional studies directed at addressing this issue are clearly necessary,
      however; in the absence of such studies, routine performance of same-day
      susceptibility testing should be considered only if the cost of such testing is
      less than the cost of overnight procedures, or if cost is not a limiting
      consideration.

PMID- 4064613
TI  - Hope and recovery from surgical illness.

PMID- 4064614
TI  - Persuading alcoholic patients to seek treatment.

PMID- 4064615
TI  - First rib fracture: a hallmark of severe trauma.

PMID- 4064616
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiography.

PMID- 4064617
TI  - AIDS: the twentieth century plague.

PMID- 4064618
TI  - The incompetent cervix.
AB  - All methods for the management of CI have been described as producing a
      significant improvement in fetal salvage. The Lash procedure and the pessary have
      been deemed the most effective. However, the methods of patient selection in many
      of the older studies are not described, and their statistical validity is
      suspect. CI is thus a disease of uncertain etiology. Its pathophysiology is
      poorly understood, and methods of treatment vary greatly both as to technique and
      efficacy.

PMID- 4064619
TI  - The irritable bowel syndrome.

PMID- 4064620
TI  - Diagnosis and management of the hypochondriacal patient.

PMID- 4064621
TI  - Cardiac arrhythmias during sleep.

PMID- 4064622
TI  - Pragmatic reasoning schemas.

PMID- 4064623
TI  - Temporal properties of human information processing: tests of discrete versus
      continuous models.

PMID- 4064624
TI  - Mobilization and activation of nonspecific cytotoxic cells (NCC) in the channel
      catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) infected with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis.
AB  - Channel catfish demonstrate a shift in the tissue distribution of nonspecific
      cytotoxic cells (NCC) when infected with the protozoan parasite, Ichthyophthirius
      multifiliis. NCC, isolated from head kidney (HK) tissues (hemopoietic organ) or
      peripheral blood leukocytes, were assessed for cytotoxic activity against NC-37
      (a transformed mammalian cell line). NCC activity from HK tissue of moribund I.
      multifiliis-infected fish was depressed compared to HK-NCC activity in uninfected
      or I. multifillis-immune fish. The activity of NCC, isolated from the peripheral
      blood of moribund I. multifiliis-infected fish was significantly greater than the
      NCC activity in peripheral blood from either immune or uninfected fish. Chromium
      51 release assays were combined with effector and target conjugate assays to
      determine killing capacity (Vmax) and affinity (Km) for target cells of
      peripheral blood NCC from moribund I. multifiliis-infected and uninfected fish.
      These experiments indicated that the peripheral blood from the moribund infected
      fish contained an increased percentage of active NCC with increased killing
      capacity and target cell affinity compared to peripheral blood NCC activity of
      uninfected fish.

PMID- 4064625
TI  - Nonspecific immunostimulation against viruses.
AB  - A trypsinized preparation from chromogenic selected strain of Mycobacterium phlei
      (NSI) stimulated the recipient immune system non-specifically against a variety
      of viruses viz. Rabies virus (RNA virus). Marek's disease (DNA virus) and Foot
      and Mouth disease virus (RNA virus) in phylogenetically different hosts like
      mice, chicks and guinea pigs respectively. Investigation into mechanisms of such
      nonspecific immunostimulation revealed that there was induction of strong cell
      mediated immune response (CMIR) against both specific as well as to nonspecific
      viral antigens as evinced by LMIT, lymphokine (LyIF) assay and lymphocyte
      transformation test etc. There was induction of appreciable quantity of
      "Infectivity inhibiting substance(s)" (IIS) which was not the classical antibody
      (Ig) in the serum of NSI inoculated animals and birds. This substance(s)
      neutralized FMD, IBR, rabies and Newcastle disease virus in cell culture, mice
      and in embryonated eggs. Electrophoretic separation of the NSI induced serum
      revealed an increase in beta fraction of globulin.

PMID- 4064627
TI  - XIth International Complement Workshop. November 3-5, 1985, Miami, Fla., USA.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 4064626
TI  - [Respiratory diseases of swine: some epidemiologic aspects].
AB  - Epidemiological surveys enable to know better the aetiology of respiratory
      diseases. The surveys carried out in slaughter-houses in Brittany (France) in
      1980 and 1981, show a worrying situation concerning porcine respiratory diseases.
      Microbiological studies brought out the preponderance of the isolation of
      Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica,
      Streptococcus suis and Actinobacillus suis. Some patterns of experimental
      infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Bordetella bronchiseptica are
      exposed.

PMID- 4064628
TI  - Multiplanar CT in the evaluation of degenerative spondylolisthesis. A review of
      150 cases.
AB  - Degenerative spondylolisthesis (pseudospondylolisthesis) is a degenerative
      disorder of the intervertebral motion segment. It can be divided into two types:
      forward subluxation and backward subluxation. Forward subluxation is primarily a
      disease of the posterior joints and is found most commonly at L4/5.
      Retrolisthesis is a primary disorder of the disc space and is noted more commonly
      at L3/4. This paper reviews the CT findings in 150 patients with degenerative
      forward and backward subluxation. Proper evaluation of these disorders is
      extremely important because of the frequency of severe symptomatic spinal
      stenosis or foraminal encroachment.

PMID- 4064629
TI  - Importance of metrizamide CT for evaluation of the thoracic spine.
AB  - Post-metrizamide myelographic CT of the area of interest is indicated in cases in
      which myelography is normal, and also in cases in which myelographic findings
      alone cannot explain the patient's symptoms. Obtaining early and 4-6 hour delayed
      CT is of great importance for the detection of syringomyelia and cystic lesions
      of the cord. In cases of congenital anomalies, additional information can be
      obtained by this method. This paper presents our experiences at Loyola University
      Hospital.

PMID- 4064630
TI  - Computerized tomographic abnormalities in patients with transient episodes of
      focal neurological dysfunction.
AB  - Forty patients with episodes of transient neurological dysfunction lasting less
      than 24 hr had abnormal CT scan findings. Eight patients had intracranial mass
      lesions and 32 had vascular lesions i.e. ischemic, infarction, hematoma.
      Seventeen patients had hypodense lesions consistent with tissue infarction;
      whereas 12 patients had isodense enhancing lesions consisting with tissue
      ischemia. In eight patients with isodense enhancing lesions, this was no
      neurological deterioration following carotid endarterectomy. In 3 patients who
      had transient ischemic attacks with CT evidence of hypodense lesions there was
      clinical and CT deterioration following carotid surgery.

PMID- 4064631
TI  - Primary CT diagnosis of gastrointestinal masses.
AB  - Four cases of gastrointestinal masses (3 tumorous and 1 inflammatory) diagnosed
      primarily by CT, are presented. It is stressed that the radiologist should be
      familiar with the CT appearance of these conditions. It is recommended that in
      most cases barium studies and endoscopy should follow. Case 4 is unique because
      it represents the rare possibility of CT diagnosis of a tumor of the bowel where
      barium studies and endoscopy may have failed.

PMID- 4064632
TI  - The radiation dose to patients from the Philips CT scanner.
AB  - Whilst the anthropomorphic phantom is useful in radiotherapy dosimetry,
      corrections for diagnostic qualities of radiation are necessary for departures
      from tissue-equivalence. TLD measurements were performed for this reason in the
      rectum of patients undergoing CT scanning of the pelvis. At high slice densities
      the energy imparted becomes comparable with that associated with fluoroscopic
      examinations of the abdomen. At low slice densities the average dose is ca 12
      mGy.

PMID- 4064633
TI  - The critical importance of convolution function (algorithm) selection in the
      measurement of blood flow in small blood vessels by computed tomography scanning.
AB  - In order to assess the capability for measuring blood flow in small vessels, the
      cardiac output was measured directly by either the microsphere reference sample
      technique or by obtaining blood samples simultaneously with the CT scan. The
      cardiac output was also measured in vivo by dynamic CT scanning and intravenous
      contrast as the indicator in an indicator dilution curve. Cardiac output was then
      calculated by two convolution back projection algorithms which optimized for
      either contrast or spatial resolution. The results of this study suggest that CT
      scanners are capable of accurately averaging intravascular changes in contrast
      density. Although it is good to optimize contrast resolution, the convolution
      back projection algorithm selected must have a pixel matrix which is much smaller
      than the vessel being analyzed.

PMID- 4064634
TI  - CT attenuation numbers in the lumbar spine and their utility in diagnosing disc
      disease.
AB  - Normal CT attenuation values for various structures in the lumbar spine were
      obtained on several CT scanners. The wide range of normal makes using absolute CT
      numbers unreliable. The utility and pitfalls of using CT attenuation numbers in
      the lumbar spine are discussed and several examples are illustrated. CT numbers
      used as absolute values can be misleading, whereas, when used as relative values
      for comparison with other structures, they can be quite valuable.

PMID- 4064635
TI  - Computed tomography of renal oncocytomas.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 5 renal oncocytomas studied with CT was performed.
      Oncocytomas appeared as rounded hypodense solid masses with sharp margination
      from the normal renal parenchyma. They showed uniform homogeneous enhancement on
      CT scans performed after drip infusion of urographic contrast. One oncocytoma
      studied with dynamic CT scanning demonstrated a stellate (spoke-wheel) pattern of
      enhancement. No evidence of involvement of adjacent renal parenchyma, perinephric
      fat, renal veins or regional lymph nodes was present at CT and the findings were
      confirmed at surgery. Although the differential diagnosis between renal
      oncocytoma and hypernephroma may not be possible, preoperative awareness of a
      potentially benign lesion may guide the surgeon to attempt renal preserving
      surgery instead of the customary nephrectomy.

PMID- 4064636
TI  - Hepatic computerized tomography in the Dubin-Johnson syndrome: increased liver
      density as a diagnostic aid.
AB  - Computed tomography of the liver was performed in 17 patients with Dubin-Johnson
      syndrome as well as 50 control patients free of liver disease. Multiple readings
      of liver attenuation values were made in the patients in these two groups and
      their values compared. The Dubin-Johnson group had liver attenuation values
      significantly higher than the control group but considerable overlap between the
      2 groups existed. It is concluded that computed tomography may be useful as
      confirmatory evidence of Dubin-Johnson syndrome.

PMID- 4064637
TI  - Arteriographic and tomodensitometric pictures in three cases of popliteal artery
      entrapment.
AB  - CT could be an effective diagnostic modality of "popliteal artery entrapment".
      The authors present three cases of this pathology, studied with CT and
      arteriography.

PMID- 4064639
TI  - Formulation: a pedagogic antidote to DSM-III.

PMID- 4064638
TI  - Auditory thresholds in schizophrenics versus normal controls.

PMID- 4064640
TI  - Diagnostic consideration in deaf patients.

PMID- 4064641
TI  - Psychiatric manpower productivity of United States medical schools.

PMID- 4064642
TI  - Psychiatrists and their prescribing practices.

PMID- 4064643
TI  - Patients' perceptions of psychiatric consultations.

PMID- 4064644
TI  - The frequency of nonnarcotic drug use and its relationship to criminal activity
      among narcotic addicts.

PMID- 4064646
TI  - When is a chrysanthemum dermatitis not a chrysanthemum dermatitis? The case for
      describing florists' chrysanthemums as Dendranthema cultivars.
AB  - In order to provide a new reference point in the dermatological literature from
      which the naming of florists' chrysanthemums may be regularised and standardised,
      the case is presented for the use of the generic name Dendranthema together with
      a cultivar name in place of a specific epithet. A review of cultivar specificity
      in chrysanthemum dermatitis is also presented.

PMID- 4064645
TI  - Contact dermatitis to yellow iron oxide.
AB  - After epicutaneous patch testing, a 43-year-old non-atopic white female with
      eyelid dermatitis was found to be allergic to yellow iron oxide used as a dye in
      her mascara. Yellow iron oxide, also known as limonite or yellow ochre, is a
      common cosmetic dye which has not previously been described as a source of
      contact dermatitis. Formulation of mascara as well as classification of naturally
      occurring iron oxides are discussed.

PMID- 4064647
TI  - Chrysanthemum dermatitis in South Wales; diagnosis by patch testing with feverfew
      (Tanacetum parthenium) extract.

PMID- 4064648
TI  - Immediate hypersensitivity to mustard and rape.

PMID- 4064649
TI  - False negative patch-test response in coeliac disease.

PMID- 4064650
TI  - Contact urticaria and dermatitis from phosphorous sesquisulphide.

PMID- 4064651
TI  - Contact sensitivity to chlorhexidine?
AB  - In a joint study, 2061 patients (1346 women and 715 men) were patch tested with
      chlorhexidine gluconate 1% in water, included in a standard test series. 48
      patients (2.3%) showed a positive reaction. These were relatively more common in
      men (3.2%) than in women (1.9%). Positive reactions were most common in patients
      with leg eczema (6.8%) or leg ulcer (10.9%). Of the 48 patients who were patch
      test positive, 14 (2 with leg ulcer) were retested with chlorhexidine gluconate
      0.01 and 1%. Only one with a leg ulcer was positive. These findings indicate that
      false positive reactions, known as "the excited skin syndrome", may arise from
      testing eczema patients in a standard series. The sensitizing potential of
      chlorhexidine may be very low, but the potential in patients with an eczema or
      ulcer of the leg has to be further evaluated.

PMID- 4064652
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis from povidone-iodine.
AB  - A patient developed an erythematous papular, vesicular rash after application of
      povidone-iodine 10% solution used as a surgical antiseptic. Patch testing
      revealed positive responses to povidone iodine 10 and 5% in water; 25 controls
      were negative. Patch testing with iodine, 0.5% in ethanol gave negative results.

PMID- 4064653
TI  - Contact dermatitis to Disperse Blue 106.
AB  - 9 patients with typical textile dermatitis were found to be allergic to dark
      polyester blouses. Thin-layer chromatography of the dyes extracted from the
      fabrics identified the presence of several dyes, from which Disperse Blue 106 was
      positive in all patients.

PMID- 4064654
TI  - An animal model for altering the irritability threshold of normal skin.
AB  - Theory behind conditioned hyperirritability (autoeczematization) predicts the
      lowering of the irritation threshold in the presence of a pre-existing
      dermatitis. We have attempted to develop an animal model that parallels the
      syndrome seen in man. Groups of 10 guinea pigs were shaved and depilated;
      irritation thresholds to benzalkonium chloride and trichloroacetic acid were
      determined using 1 cm diameter open patches. Reactions were scored 24 h later on
      the basis of erythema and induration. Animals having as little as 1.56 cm2 of
      skin acutely inflamed with a known irritant had lowered irritation thresholds to
      the same irritant on normal skin at remote sites (p less than 0.01). Mild
      irritation of a much larger surface area produced the same effect (p less than
      0.01). More extensive, severe dermatitis did not lower the irritation threshold
      further. Acute dermatitis induced by a contact allergen (DNCB) lowered the
      irritation threshold of normal skin to the same level as that obtained with
      irritants (p less than 0.01). Induction of chronic cutaneous ulcers 3-4 cm in
      diameter lowered the irritation threshold of normal skin to the same point
      defined by the acute studies (p less than 0.01). These results indicate that an
      acute irritant or contact dermatitis, as well as chronic skin ulceration, may
      alter the reactivity of unaffected normal skin to exhibit a heightened response
      to irritation. This model appears to differ from that seen in humans, in that a
      more extensive or chronic dermatitis did not further heighten the susceptibility
      to irritation.

PMID- 4064656
TI  - Medical care of high school athletes in Connecticut.

PMID- 4064655
TI  - Human assay for identifying substances which induce non-allergic contact
      urticaria: the NICU-test.
AB  - The problems of non-immunologic contact urticariogens are addressed from various
      points of view. A new test for evaluating substances which may cause non
      immunologic contact urticaria in humans, the NICU test, is introduced.
      Characteristic data of widely known contact urticariogens are given.

PMID- 4064657
TI  - A primer on EMS for Connecticut physicians.

PMID- 4064658
TI  - Status report on the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Human T-cell
      lymphotropic virus type III testing. AMA Council on Scientific Affairs.

PMID- 4064659
TI  - Surrogate motherhood and the law.

PMID- 4064660
TI  - Lower court ordered to drop murder charges against physicians. Court of Appeal of
      the State of California.

PMID- 4064662
TI  - Utilization of physician services declining. Trends in patient visits with
      physicians: 1975-1983. AMA Center for Health Policy Research.

PMID- 4064661
TI  - Recommendations for protections against viral hepatitis. Centers for Disease
      Control.

PMID- 4064663
TI  - Implementing Connecticut's living will legislation: the promise and the problems.

PMID- 4064664
TI  - That inexorable margin of error in medicine.

PMID- 4064665
TI  - The Connecticut Tumor Registry: yesterday, today and tomorrow.

PMID- 4064666
TI  - Bladder cancer in Connecticut: the role of cigarette smoking and other risk
      factors.

PMID- 4064667
TI  - Cancer in Connecticut physicians and lawyers: a study by birth cohorts (1875
      1939).

PMID- 4064668
TI  - The tumor registrar: past, present, future.

PMID- 4064669
TI  - Strategy for elimination of invasive cervical cancer in Connecticut.

PMID- 4064670
TI  - The Connecticut Tumor Registry: potential for increasing its usefulness in
      etiologic research.

PMID- 4064671
TI  - Let us not self-destruct.

PMID- 4064672
TI  - Reflections on medicine. A matter of principle.

PMID- 4064673
TI  - Immunology and Immunopathology of Reproduction. International Symposium on
      Immunology of Reproduction. Tel-Aviv, October 21-25, 1984.

PMID- 4064674
TI  - Immunological aspects of teratocarcinoma development.

PMID- 4064675
TI  - Characterization of maternal antipaternal antibodies in secondary aborting women.

PMID- 4064676
TI  - Standardized immunotherapy protocol for IgE-mediated anaphylaxis to human seminal
      plasma.

PMID- 4064677
TI  - The role of in vitro fertilization in unexplained and immunological infertility.

PMID- 4064679
TI  - New advances in renal ammonia metabolism.

PMID- 4064678
TI  - Malimplantation caused by trophoblastic insufficiency resulting in failure of
      gestation following in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.

PMID- 4064680
TI  - The effects of ammonia infusion on ammonia and glutamine metabolism by liver and
      muscle in the normal dog.

PMID- 4064681
TI  - Ammonia production by isolated perfused mouse proximal tubules.

PMID- 4064682
TI  - Ammonia absorption by the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop.

PMID- 4064683
TI  - Mechanism of ammonia secretion by rabbit cortical collecting ducts. Quantitative
      considerations.

PMID- 4064684
TI  - Ammonium chloride inhibits Na+ and K+ transport in the cortical collecting
      tubule.

PMID- 4064685
TI  - The adaptive response of phosphate-activated glutaminase in the rat.

PMID- 4064686
TI  - Phosphate-activated glutaminase in human kidney.

PMID- 4064687
TI  - Measurement of renal intracellular pH by 31P NMR. Relationship of pH to
      ammoniagenesis.

PMID- 4064688
TI  - Changes in rat renal glutaminase activity studied in vivo and in primary cultures
      of proximal convoluted tubular cells.

PMID- 4064689
TI  - Effects of solubilization on the kinetics of rat kidney mitochondrial
      glutaminase.

PMID- 4064690
TI  - Renal oxidative metabolism and ammoniagenesis.

PMID- 4064691
TI  - Effects of Ca2+ on the glutamine metabolism in rat kidney mitochondria.

PMID- 4064692
TI  - Acute regulation of renal glutamine synthesis by pH in rat and guinea pig.

PMID- 4064693
TI  - Localization of prostaglandins inhibition of rat renal ammoniagenesis.

PMID- 4064694
TI  - Renal ammonia formation from amino acids other than glutamine.

PMID- 4064695
TI  - Application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to in vitro studies of
      nitrogen metabolism.

PMID- 4064696
TI  - Factors influencing renal glutamine metabolism and their physiological relevance
      to acidotic adaptation of ammoniagenesis in intact dogs.

PMID- 4064697
TI  - Evidence for glutamine utilization by guinea pig renal cortex.

PMID- 4064698
TI  - Effects of inhibitors of the tricarboxylic acid cycle on glutamine utilization in
      the intact dog kidney. Renal glutamine utilization following TCA cycle blockade.

PMID- 4064699
TI  - Maleate-induced stimulation of glutamine metabolism in dog renal cortical
      tubules.

PMID- 4064701
TI  - NH+4 excretion by the dog during development of chronic acidosis.

PMID- 4064700
TI  - Renal ammoniagenesis in the postprandial period.

PMID- 4064702
TI  - Absence of adaptation in renal NH3 production to chronic respiratory acidosis.

PMID- 4064703
TI  - ATP turnover and glutamine metabolism by dog kidney tubules. Effect of in vitro
      acidosis.

PMID- 4064704
TI  - Renal ammoniagenesis during acute hypoxic lactic acidosis in the dog.

PMID- 4064705
TI  - Renal glutamine extraction and gut/liver interaction in glutamine homeostasis.

PMID- 4064706
TI  - Intranephron heterogeneity of ammoniagenesis and gluconeogenesis in rats.

PMID- 4064707
TI  - Subspecialty certification in Critical Care Medicine by American specialty
      boards.

PMID- 4064708
TI  - Critical care medicine.

PMID- 4064709
TI  - Acute respiratory failure: mortality associated with underlying disease.
AB  - The hospital and ICU course of 98 patients who required mechanical ventilatory
      support longer than 72 h was reviewed to determine if mortality rates were
      influenced by admitting diagnosis. Patients with malignant diagnoses were
      compared to patients with nonmalignant diagnoses and to those admitted to the ICU
      after myocardial infarction or cardiorespiratory arrest. Although there was no
      significant intergroup difference in incidence of multiple organ system failure,
      age, and length of ICU and hospital stay, there was a much higher incidence of
      sepsis (p less than .05) and mortality (p less than .01) in the cancer group.
      Cancer patients and their families should be made aware of the extremely poor
      prognosis if prolonged acute respiratory failure develops.

PMID- 4064710
TI  - Dobutamine: a hemodynamic evaluation in pulmonary embolism shock.
AB  - Intravenous dobutamine was used in ten patients requiring aggressive therapy for
      massive pulmonary embolism with circulatory failure. Except in one patient who
      rapidly died, a 30-min dobutamine infusion (8.3 +/- 2.7 micrograms/kg . min)
      increased both cardiac index (from 1.7 +/- 0.4 to 2.3 +/- 0.6 L/min . m2, p less
      than .001) and stroke index (from 16.6 +/- 6.7 to 21 +/- 5 ml/m2, p less than
      .01), and also reduced pulmonary vascular resistance. Additional hemodynamic
      improvement was observed until weaning from dobutamine, which was successfully
      completed 3.3 +/- 0.9 days after the start of infusion.

PMID- 4064711
TI  - Pulmonary complications of hyperventilation therapy for persistent pulmonary
      hypertension.
AB  - Hyperventilation has become a primary therapeutic modality in the management of
      neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPH). Of 51 PPH infants
      undergoing hyperventilation therapy, 45% developed pneumothorax. The subgroup
      which developed pneumothorax was exposed to assisted ventilation for
      significantly longer time periods and at higher peak inspiratory pressures. They
      were also exposed to longer periods of oxygen therapy at higher oxygen
      concentrations. Survival in the pneumothorax group was significantly lower. The
      incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in the 35 survivors was only 6%.
      These data indicate that the use of hyperventilation to treat PPH is associated
      with a significant incidence of pneumothorax but a low incidence of BPD.

PMID- 4064712
TI  - PaO2 change during progressive pulmonary edema in dogs.
AB  - We observed the changes of PaO2, pulmonary shunt (Qsp/Qt), effective compliance,
      and direct lung impedance after induction of hydrostatic pulmonary edema in five
      mongrel dogs. Edema was induced by elevating left atrial pressure in a stepwise
      manner while the dogs were ventilated with continuous positive pressure.
      Corresponding morphologic changes in the lung were examined by light and electron
      microscopy. PaO2 changed little or slightly until mean left atrial pressure
      reached 40 to 60 mm Hg. PaO2 then rapidly decreased from 411 +/- 61 to 89 +/- 19
      torr, accompanied by an increase in Qsp/Qt from 33 +/- 6% to 57 +/- 14%.
      Effective compliance decreased gradually and direct lung impedance decreased
      rather steeply at first and then gradually. Lung specimens taken before the
      abrupt fall of PaO2 revealed froth on the cut surface, indicating that alveolar
      pulmonary edema preceded the PaO2 decrease. Electron microscopy showed widening
      and splitting of the thin portion of the alveolar-capillary interstitium when
      PaO2 fell abruptly. This widening of the thin portion may have been one of the
      causes of an abrupt PaO2 fall in the dog subjected to volume overload and
      increased afterload.

PMID- 4064713
TI  - Effects on cerebral hemodynamics of resuscitation from endotoxic shock with
      hypertonic saline versus lactated Ringer's solution.
AB  - This study was carried out to determine whether 7.5% hypertonic saline (HSS) and
      lactated Ringer's solution restore cerebral hemodynamics comparably when used for
      resuscitation from endotoxic shock. Endotoxic shock was produced in 13 dogs by
      the iv administration of 1.5 mg/kg Escherichia coli endotoxin. After 90 min of
      shock, seven animals were resuscitated with lactated Ringer's solution, 60 ml/kg
      iv, and six with 7.5% HSS, 6 ml/kg iv. Both solutions increased cardiac output
      and mean arterial pressure. With HSS, intracranial pressure was lower immediately
      after resuscitation (p less than .001) and one hour later (p less than .01).
      However, cerebral blood flow was not increased by either fluid and, due to
      hemodilution, cerebral oxygen transport decreased during resuscitation in both
      groups of animals. Thus, HSS restored systemic hemodynamics and maintained a
      lower intracranial pressure during resuscitation from endotoxic shock, but
      failed, as did lactated Ringer's solution, to restore cerebral blood flow and
      oxygen transport.

PMID- 4064714
TI  - Morphology of the microvascular system in shock: lung, liver, and skeletal
      muscles.
AB  - We used a standardized canine polytrauma model (bone fracture, soft-tissue
      injury, and hypovolemia), either with or without reinfusion, to study granulocyte
      accumulation in lung, liver, and muscle tissue. Infusion of radioactively labeled
      granulocytes revealed significant leukostasis in the lung after the shock
      procedure, which was more prominent in the group without reinfusion. There was
      only moderate leukostasis in the liver, while granulocytes were absent from
      muscle tissue. These radioactive data were in good agreement with the morphologic
      findings of electron microscopy. Thus, although there was capillary endothelial
      swelling in all three organs, edema in the muscle endothelial cells of reperfused
      animals was not due to granulocyte action.

PMID- 4064715
TI  - Biocuff--a new pressure device for infusion bags.
AB  - The Biocuff is a new pressure device designed to overcome the problems associated
      with use of pneumatic cuffs and spring-driven devices. It consists of three
      modular elements: a sleeve, an air sac, and a booster. The sleeve has a rigid
      back, which reduces the air volume required to compress the infusion bag. The
      booster applies constant air pressure until the bag is empty. The Biocuff is easy
      to handle and is quickly put into operation. It is most advantageous in
      situations requiring rapid infusion of large volumes of blood.

PMID- 4064716
TI  - Resistance and inertia of endotracheal tubes used in infants during periodic
      flow.
AB  - To study the effects of a periodic pattern of gas flow on the dynamic behavior of
      infant endotracheal tubes, we measured the resistance (expressed as a function of
      gas flow) and inertia of endotracheal tubes of 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5-mm internal
      diameter under conditions of both periodic and quasisteady gas flow. We examined
      how resistance and inertia are affected by ventilatory rate, the direction of gas
      flow through the tube, and the expansion of the airway caliber at the junction of
      the tube and the trachea. The resistance of the endotracheal tubes was
      proportional to gas flow for ventilatory rates of 60, 90, and 120 breath/min and
      for quasisteady flow, indicating turbulence even at low flow rates. The
      resistance of the tubes was less sensitive to ventilatory rate, direction of
      flow, and expansion of the airway caliber than that of larger endotracheal tubes,
      a finding explained by the flow conditions defined by the Womersley and Reynolds
      numbers in these tubes. All tubes exhibited measureable inertia, as predicted
      from their small diameter. The resistive and inertial properties of the
      endotracheal tubes described in this report can be used to evaluate the
      contribution of the endotracheal tube to the dynamics of breathing in intubated
      infants.

PMID- 4064717
TI  - Pulmonary dysfunction during paraquat-induced lung injury: a model of acute
      alveolar injury.
AB  - Acute lung injury produced by paraquat causes progressive pulmonary
      insufficiency. To define the pattern of this injury, the sequence of changes in
      respiratory mechanics and pulmonary gas exchange was studied in eight mongrel
      dogs which received repetitive doses of paraquat intraperitoneally. Four other
      dogs served as controls. All dogs were studied while supine during halothane
      anesthesia. After baseline measurements, saline (control) or paraquat was
      administered and the studies repeated at 2, 4, 7, and 9 days. Control dogs showed
      no significant changes. Dogs receiving paraquat had reduced lung volume,
      decreased lung compliance with a shift of the static deflation pressure-volume
      curve downward and to the right, and hypoxemia which could not be entirely
      accounted for by an increased right-to-left intrapulmonary shunt. This study
      demonstrated that repeated doses of paraquat given intraperitoneally produced a
      pattern of acute lung injury in the dog which permitted the study of respiratory
      mechanics and gas exchange during progressive stages of lung injury.

PMID- 4064718
TI  - Detection of esophageal intubation in patients with intrathoracic stomach.

PMID- 4064719
TI  - Continuous, on-line, real-time measurement of cardiac output and derived
      cardiorespiratory variables in the critically ill.
AB  - A previously reported monitoring system provided continuous direct measurements
      of oxygen consumption and intravascular pressures. These data were combined with
      interval measurements of cardiac output and blood oxygen saturations to derive
      various hemodynamic and oxygen transport variables. This system has now been
      modified so that cardiac output is measured continuously in real-time.

PMID- 4064720
TI  - Near-death experiences in the very young.

PMID- 4064721
TI  - Diagnostic clinical osmometry in the unconscious infant.

PMID- 4064722
TI  - Transfemoral pulmonary artery catheterization with absence of the infrahepatic
      portion of the inferior vena cava.

PMID- 4064723
TI  - Improvement of neurologic status after pediatric near-drowning accidents.

PMID- 4064724
TI  - Minimum standards for circuitry and outlets in ICUs.

PMID- 4064725
TI  - Transport system for critically ill patients.

PMID- 4064726
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in the retinal pigment epithelium of congenitally blind
      chickens.
AB  - Pathological changes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in a strain of
      chickens having hereditary blindness and retinal degeneration were described at
      the ultrastructural level. Photoreceptors in the retinal degenerate (rd) chicken
      had previously been noted to degenerate within a week after hatching. Affected
      chicks have neural retinas that are morphologically comparable to normal animals
      prior to that time despite an obvious lack of vision. In the present study, no
      pathological changes were noted in rd RPE prior to the time of photoreceptor
      degeneration. However, while mitochondria in the normal chick's RPE underwent
      diurnal changes in morphology within a few days of hatching, pleomorphic or ring
      mitochondria were not seen with high frequency in the rd chick. After
      photoreceptors began degenerating, changes were seen in the rd RPE. By 2 weeks of
      age, we noted a reduction in the depth and number of basal infoldings, an
      increase in number and size of autophagic vacuoles and large whorls of membranous
      material within rd RPE cells. Membranous debris and what appeared to be broken
      off outer segments were seen in the subretinal space at that time. These
      phenomena became more prominent and prevalent with time. In 3-4 week old
      specimens, nearly intact outer segments were seen within RPE cytoplasm. At the
      same time very few intact outer segments were present on photoreceptors. After
      this time degenerative changes were seen in the RPE: a thinning of cells (apical
      to basal cell width), spreading out of cells (increased distance between
      intercellular junctional complexes), hypopigmentation of cells and presence of
      free cells in the sub-retinal space. Some RPE cells appeared in a rounded up
      configuration, bulging into the subretinal space and making junctional complexes
      with remaining photoreceptor inner segments or Mueller cell processes. Many RPE
      cells did appear to maintain their phagocytic abilities, as evidenced by presence
      of many microvilli and pinocytotic vacuoles in the apical cytoplasm.

PMID- 4064727
TI  - Studies on equine recurrent uveitis. I: Levels of immunoglobulin and albumin in
      the aqueous humor of horses with and without intraocular disease.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay was developed for detection of immunoglobulin in the aqueous
      of normal horses and horses with intraocular diseases. Levels of albumin were
      detected by radial immunodiffusion. Results of assays on samples from normal eyes
      from which aqueous was obtained by paracentesis under anesthesia were 32.10 +/-
      21.50 microgram/ml for IgG, 0.05 +/- 0.01 microgram/ml for IgM, 0.04 +/- 0.02
      microgram/ml for IgA and 34.0 +/- 38.0 microgram/ml for albumin. Results in 138
      normal eyes sampled post mortem were 41.56 +/- 38.65 microgram/ml for IgG, 0.18
      +/- 0.43 microgram/ml for IgM, 0.46 +/- 1.45 microgram/ml for IgE and 184 +/- 240
      microgram/ml for albumin. Levels in abnormal eyes were some 50-120% greater, and
      very high levels were noted in cases of clinically documented uveitis. The
      aqueous to serum ratio of the proteins measured generally varied in relation to
      the molecular weights and was increased in diseased eyes. The ratio of
      IgG/albumin in the diseased eyes was less which suggested leakage of protein from
      an impaired blood/aqueous barrier rather than intraocular antibody synthesis.

PMID- 4064728
TI  - Pilocarpine concentrations in aqueous humor following single drop application. I.
      Effect of soft contact lenses.
AB  - Following single drop instillation of pilocarpine, drug levels in individual
      aqueous humor samples of rabbits were determined by high-performance liquid
      chromatography and correlated with changes in pupillary diameter and intraocular
      pressure (IOP). Application of higher concentrations of pilocarpine resulted in
      higher drug levels but these differences were neither statistically significant
      nor consistently proportional to the strength applied. Maximum miosis occurred
      between 30 and 60 minutes and the maximum fall in IOP occurred between 1 and 2
      hours. The influence of contact lenses with varying water content and thickness
      upon intraocular penetration of pilocarpine was studied. Contact lenses did not
      affect 30-minute concentrations of pilocarpine in aqueous humor. Although two
      hour levels were significantly lower with contact lenses, miosis and IOP at these
      time periods were comparable with and without lenses. Neither water content nor
      thickness appreciably influenced miosis and IOP.

PMID- 4064729
TI  - The efficacy of retinoic acid ointment for treatment of xerophthalmia and corneal
      epithelial wounds.
AB  - In previous studies of topical application of retinoic acid to the eye, retinoic
      acid in an oil vehicle has been used. An all-trans-retinoic acid (Tretinoin, USP)
      formulation in a petrolatum-based ophthalmic ointment vehicle has now been
      developed which is chemically stable for at least one year. The ointment is
      effective at retinoic acid concentrations of 0.01-0.1% in reversing corneal
      keratinization in vitamin A-deficient, xerophthalmic rabbits. At 0.1% it also
      stimulates the healing rate of corneal epithelial wounds in rabbits and monkeys.
      Retinoic acid ointment may prove to be valuable clinically in the treatment of
      xerophthalmia, corneal epithelial erosions, and related ocular surface
      abnormalities.

PMID- 4064730
TI  - Controlled modulation of the phase separation and opacification temperature of
      purified bovine gamma IV-crystallin.
AB  - In the bovine lens the gamma IV-crystallin fraction is a principal determinant of
      the phase separation and opacification temperature, Tc (Siezen et al, Proc. Natl.
      Acad. Sci. USA 82, 1985, 1701). We have now measured the effect on Tc of purified
      gamma IV-crystallin solutions produced by a variety of reagents which affect
      protein-protein, protein-water and water-water interactions. Ionic strengths less
      than physiological increase Tc dramatically, while higher ionic strength has very
      little effect. Calcium ion concentrations up to 8 mM produce no change in Tc.
      Glycerol and acrylamide both depress Tc linearly with reagent concentrations; Tc
      depression of gamma IV-crystallin by these compounds is quantitatively the same
      as for whole lens. Sulfhydryl reducing agents such as glutathione and
      dithiothreitol lower Tc, while hydrogen peroxide increases Tc. Changes in
      opacification temperature of gamma IV-crystallin produced by oxidizing and
      reducing agents are time-dependent and highly non-linear with reagent
      concentration. Our results clearly show that bovine gamma IV-crystallin is an
      important target protein for various reagents which are known perturbants of the
      opacification temperature of whole lens. The relevance of these findings to human
      diabetic and senile cataract formation is discussed.

PMID- 4064732
TI  - Lead in detectable amounts was not observed in ocular fluids or the crystalline
      lens.
AB  - An earlier report described the presence of high concentrations of lead in the
      bovine eye. However, we have been unable to detect this heavy metal in the ocular
      fluids or lenses of rabbits dosed with Pb, despite the appearance of high
      concentrations in blood, liver, and brain. We were also unable to detect it in
      lenses from cattle, horses, dogs, or four elderly humans. The possibility of
      environmental lead exerting toxic effects in the eye thus appears to be minimal.

PMID- 4064731
TI  - The BB-rat--an authentic model of human diabetic retinopathy.
AB  - The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy has not been fully explained. The
      earliest histological lesion is the loss of intramural pericytes and thickening
      of the basement membrane. Increased activity of the polyol pathway is a probable
      mechanism for these two abnormalities. Investigations have suffered from the lack
      of an exact animal model simulating the human condition. Examination of the
      retina in the spontaneously diabetic BB-rat demonstrated degeneration and loss of
      intramural pericytes, a progressive increase in basement membrane thickness, and
      microinfarctions with areas of non-perfusion. Therefore, this model may be used
      to clarify the biochemical mechanism(s) linking the metabolic abnormalities of
      diabetes and the retinopathy.

PMID- 4064733
TI  - Aqueous humor dynamics in the owl monkey with comparison to cynomolgus.
AB  - The owl monkey is used in experimental ocular studies, but little data are
      available regarding its aqueous humor dynamics. We determined aqueous humor flow
      rate (AHF), anterior chamber elimination coefficient (Ke), and corneal
      endothelial transfer coefficient (Ka) fluorophotometrically; total outflow
      facility (C) by 2-level constant pressure perfusion; and the facility response to
      intravenous and intracameral pilocarpine in pentobarbital anesthetized owl
      monkeys. Baseline values (mean +/- S.E.M., n eyes) were: AHF = 1.52 +/- 0.14
      microliter X min-1, n = 24; Ke = 6.54 +/- 0.65 min-1 X 10(-3), n = 24; Ka = 3.84
      +/- 0.40 min-1 X 10(-3), n = 24; C = 0.35 +/- 0.03 microliter X min-1 X mm Hg-1,
      n = 26. Intracameral pilocarpine caused a dose-dependent facility increase, with
      the maximum response (a tripling of resting facility) occurring between 20 and
      100 micrograms; intravenous pilocarpine, 2 mg/kg, also doubled to tripled
      facility. With certain qualifications, these findings are comparable to those in
      other primate species and confirm the usefulness of the owl monkey in carefully
      chosen experimental studies of aqueous dynamics.

PMID- 4064734
TI  - Cyclic nucleotides in muscarinic regulation of DNA and RNA polymerase activity in
      cultured corneal epithelial cells of the rabbit.
AB  - DNA and RNA polymerase activities in the purified nuclear fraction from cultured
      rabbit corneal epithelial cells were assayed over a range of substrate (labeled
      dTTP or UTP) concentrations using calf thymus DNA as template. Effects of
      carbamylcholine on polymerase activities were evaluated over a range of drug
      concentrations including those saturating muscarinic receptors. Carbamylcholine
      significantly (p less than 0.001) enhanced activity of both polymerases, both in
      nuclei incubated with the drug during assay and in nuclei from carbamylcholine
      treated cells. Drug effects were blocked by atropine. Regression analysis of Hill
      plots for variation of polymerase activity with carbamylcholine concentration
      indicated half-maximal activity of both polymerases at approximately 1 microM
      carbamylcholine. Mechanisms by which carbamylcholine may alter polymerase
      activities are discussed in relation to effects of the drug on nuclear enzymes of
      cyclic nucleotide metabolism and on cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein
      phosphorylation.

PMID- 4064735
TI  - Freeze-fracture quantitative comparison of rabbit corneal epithelial and
      endothelial membranes.
AB  - The intramembrane structure of epithelial apical, lateral and basal membranes was
      compared with that of the endothelium in normal rabbit corneas. The cytoplasmic
      membrane leaflet (P-face) of apical epithelial membrane displays randomly
      scattered intramembrane particles over the apical microvilli. Apical endothelial
      P-face membranes, by comparison, are covered by densely-packed particles. The
      lateral membranes of superficial epithelial cells display delicate tight
      junctions, punctate particle aggregates characteristic of desmosomes, and small
      gap junctions. Background intramembrane particles are randomly distributed and
      not densely packed. Large gap junctions and fewer desmosomes are present on
      deeper epithelial cells, including basal cells. By comparison, the endothelial
      lateral membranes display densely-packed, background particles and numerous
      triangular-shaped, gap junctional particle aggregates bordered by strands of
      particles resembling tight junctions. At the apical border, long anastomosing
      tight junctional strands are present. The basal E-face membranes of both cell
      layers adjacent to the basement membrane are similar in that they have sparse
      particles and vesicle fusion sites. Small particle aggregates are present on
      basal epithelial membranes at sites of hemidesmosomes. Quantitation of particle
      size and density on P-face apical and lateral membranes of each cell layer
      reveals that particle density on endothelial membranes is more than twice that on
      epithelial membranes. Particle sizes are similar on both cell layers and mean
      diameter ranges from 8.7 to 9.2 nm. The differences in intramembrane particle
      density and junctional aggregates on epithelial and endothelial membranes reflect
      membrane constituents associated with functional differences of these two cell
      layers.

PMID- 4064736
TI  - A new preservation solution for storage of corneas at low temperatures.
AB  - Cryopreservation methods are only rarely used today for storing donor material
      for use in penetrating keratoplasty. There remains, however, a continuing need
      for a reliable technique for the long-term preservation of corneas. As a first
      step in developing an improved method of corneal cryopreservation we have studied
      the composition of the preservation medium. On the basis of experiments with
      other tissues a new solution (designated CPTES) has been formulated, containing
      concentrations of potassium, sodium and chloride similar to normal intracellular
      levels, in order to restrict the ionic imbalances that occur when temperature is
      reduced and ionic pumps switched off. An impermeant anion was included to reduce
      cellular swelling during low temperature storage. Integrity of the corneal
      endothelium was demonstrated following exposure to CPTES medium at 0 degree C:
      control of corneal hydration and the presence of an active bicarbonate -
      dependent pump were demonstrated by specular microscopy; normal ultrastructure of
      the endothelial layer was revealed by electron microscopy. The incorporation and
      removal of 1M dimethyl sulphoxide (Me2SO) is tolerated in corneas bathed in CPTES
      medium at 0 degree C, again with retention of endothelial structural and
      functional integrity. CPTES is proposed as a medium which will help to control
      osmotic and ionic disturbances during experimental procedures designed to improve
      methods of corneal preservation both above and below 0 degree C.

PMID- 4064738
TI  - Adjuvant therapy of colorectal cancer.

PMID- 4064737
TI  - Ocular aminopeptidase activity and distribution in the albino rabbit.
AB  - Ocular aminopeptidase activity in the albino rabbit was determined using L
      leucine-, L-alanine-, and L-arginine-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide as substrates. The
      corneal epithelium and the iris-ciliary body were found to be the most active,
      followed by, in turn, conjunctiva and corneal stroma, lens and aqueous humor, and
      lastly tears. The pattern of substrate hydrolysis suggests that a common dominant
      aminopeptidase is present in these tissues except the conjunctiva. While the role
      of these peptidases in ocular physiology is unknown, they may play a role in
      limiting the entry of topically applied peptides into the eye.

PMID- 4064739
TI  - Contact allergy predictive tests in guinea pigs.

PMID- 4064740
TI  - Split adjuvant technique.

PMID- 4064741
TI  - The optimization test.

PMID- 4064742
TI  - The Freund's Complete Adjuvant Test and the Open Epicutaneous Test. A
      complementary test procedure for realistic assessment of allergenic potential.

PMID- 4064743
TI  - The TINA test.

PMID- 4064744
TI  - Modified guinea pig maximization test.

PMID- 4064745
TI  - Single injection adjuvant test.

PMID- 4064746
TI  - The cumulative contact enhancement test.

PMID- 4064747
TI  - The epicutaneous maximization test.

PMID- 4064748
TI  - Guinea pig allergy test adapted to cosmetic ingredients.

PMID- 4064749
TI  - The Draize test and modifications.

PMID- 4064750
TI  - Current state of ENT radiology.

PMID- 4064751
TI  - Parasite antigens in protection, diagnosis and escape.

PMID- 4064752
TI  - Allergic stomatitis from dental impression compounds.
AB  - Two women experienced a severe stomatitis following brief contact with Impregum,
      a dental impression material. In one patient it was shown that the sensitizer was
      the catalyst 2,5 dichlorobenzene sulfonate. This dental impression material is
      widely used in the United States, and has been reported as a sensitizer in
      Europe. The catalyst in Scutan, another dental impression compound sometimes used
      instead of the methacrylates, has also been reported in Europe as being a
      sensitizer.

PMID- 4064754
TI  - Multiple squamous cell carcinomas in lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common skin cancer in black patients.
      In half of the cases, it is associated with predisposing factors. We present a
      patient who has been evaluated for thirty-nine years with a diagnosis of discoid
      lupus erythematosus (DLE) and has multiple SCCs. The lesions occurred in chronic
      hyperkeratotic lesions of DLE.

PMID- 4064753
TI  - Basal cell carcinoma arising at the site of venipuncture.
AB  - Basal cell carcinoma has been reported to occur in sites of chronic trauma,
      inflammation, or scarring, and even after a single injury. We report on a patient
      in whom a nodular basal cell carcinoma developed at the site of venipuncture. The
      venipuncture occurred six months earlier and the site never healed but gradually
      progressed to a nodule of basal cell carcinoma. Single injuries may provoke or
      aggravate the growth of basal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 4064755
TI  - Superficial ulcerating rheumatoid necrobiosis: a perforating rheumatoid nodule.
AB  - We report a case of superficial ulcerating rheumatoid necrobiosis (SURN), which
      is a recently described cutaneous manifestation of severe rheumatoid arthritis.
      As with classic rheumatoid nodule, there is evidence that this lesion may result
      from a vasculitis. SURN appears to represent a form of "perforating" rheumatoid
      nodule, and completes a triad of major necrobiotic processes (granuloma annulare,
      necrobiosis lipoidica, rheumatoid nodule) that have been reported to show
      epidermal perforation.

PMID- 4064756
TI  - Iododerma occurring during thyroid protection treatment.
AB  - A patient with rheumatoid arthritis developed nodules and ulcers shortly after
      treatment with supersaturated potassium iodide (SSKI) drops. The SSKI was
      administered for thyroid protection during an iodide fibrinogen uptake test to
      detect phlebothrombosis of the legs. Discontinuation of SSKI was accompanied by
      regression of all lesions. Previous case reports include other patients who
      experienced iododerma after receiving low doses of iodides. This should be borne
      in mind if ever a mass iodide prophylaxis program is undertaken following a
      nuclear event.

PMID- 4064757
TI  - The skin in IgA nephropathies.
AB  - Fifteen men (average age 54.6 +/- 14.6 years) with IgA-associated
      glomerulonephritis underwent concomitant skin and renal biopsies to clarify any
      potential diagnostic relationships. Both types of tissues were studied by
      standard light, immunofluorescent, and electron microscopic techniques. The
      glomeruli of all the patients studied showed renal mesangial IgA deposits. All
      corresponding skin biopsy specimens showed no IgA deposition in the cutaneous
      blood vessels. The negative association suggests that examination of the skin
      biopsy specimen alone is not reliable in establishing the diagnosis of primary
      IgA nephritis. In view of the known skin involvement in Henoch-Schonlein
      nephropathy, we propose that skin biopsy specimens be examined routinely when
      renal biopsy specimens demonstrate IgA deposits, to differentiate primary IgA
      nephropathy from a forme fruste of Henoch-Schonlein purpura.

PMID- 4064758
TI  - Hair condition and hair body.

PMID- 4064759
TI  - Scorpions.

PMID- 4064760
TI  - Toe nail disease secondary to poorly fitting shoes or abnormal biomechanics.

PMID- 4064761
TI  - Unusual cutaneous dissemination of a tropical fish tank granuloma.
AB  - A patient with an unusual disseminated tropical fish tank granuloma is presented.
      The infection manifested first as red, subcutaneous nodules of the right hand and
      forearm. During subsequent days and weeks, nodules appeared on the left arm, on
      the ventral and dorsal thorax, on one leg, and the face. The diagnosis was based
      on, in addition to the history and the clinical aspects, a positive reaction to
      intracutaneous testing with a specific Mycobacterium marinum antigen and on the
      histologic examination of biopsy specimens. The larger nodules were treated with
      excision. Smaller nodules disappeared spontaneously after the larger ones had
      been surgically removed.

PMID- 4064762
TI  - Vitiligo and polyglandular autoimmune endocrinopathy.
AB  - Vitiligo is probably an autoimmune disorder of the skin and is commonly
      associated with a number of known autoimmune endocrinopathies. We present a
      patient with vitiligo associated with diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroid
      disease. Further, we present evidence that vitiligo and autoimmune disorders
      coexist and discuss the interrelationship between vitiligo and autoimmune
      endocrine disorders.

PMID- 4064763
TI  - Sarcoidal granulomas in tattoos.
AB  - A case of sarcoidal granuloma in tattoos, occurring in the setting of systemic
      sarcoidosis, is presented. The differential diagnosis of granulomatous reactions
      in tattoos is reported.

PMID- 4064764
TI  - Complete pterygium unguis.
AB  - An unusual case of pterygium unguis involving all the nails is reported and the
      possible causes of such onychopathy are briefly discussed.

PMID- 4064765
TI  - Human gene mapping 8. Helsinki conference (1985). Eighth International Workshop
      on Human Gene Mapping. Helsinki, Finland, August 4-10, 1985.

PMID- 4064766
TI  - Abstracts of workshop presentations: Human gene mapping 8. Helsinki conference
      (1985). Eighth International Workshop on Human Gene Mapping. Helsinki, Finland,
      August 4-10, 1985.

PMID- 4064767
TI  - Less hazardous cigarettes and diseases of the lung.

PMID- 4064768
TI  - Treatment of pneumothorax with intrapleural tetracycline.

PMID- 4064769
TI  - Diagnostic value of ventilation-perfusion lung scanning in patients with
      suspected pulmonary embolism.
AB  - Differing opinions about the value of ventilation-perfusion lung scanning have
      created controversy concerning the correct approach to the diagnosis of pulmonary
      embolism. In a prospective study of 305 consecutive patients with clinically
      suspected pulmonary embolism and abnormal perfusion lung scans, we evaluated the
      role of ventilation-perfusion lung scanning, pulmonary angiography, and objective
      testing for venous thrombosis in the diagnostic process. Segmental or greater
      perfusion defects with ventilation mismatch have a high probability (86 percent)
      of pulmonary embolism. Contrary to current clinical practice, however, the
      approach of ruling against pulmonary embolism by a "low probability" scan pattern
      is incorrect, even with an improved technique for ventilation imaging; the
      frequency of pulmonary embolism in these patients ranged from 25 to 40 percent.
      Objective testing for venous thrombosis provides a practical alternative to
      performing pulmonary angiography in the diagnostic work-up; by providing an
      endpoint for commencing anticoagulant therapy, a positive result obviates the
      need for further testing in 20 to 30 percent of patients.

PMID- 4064770
TI  - Hypoxemia in acute pulmonary embolism.
AB  - Most patients with severe, acute pulmonary embolism (PE) have arterial hypoxemia.
      To further define the respective roles of ventilation to perfusion (VA/Q)
      mismatch and intrapulmonary shunt in the mechanism of hypoxemia, we used both
      right heart catheterization and the six inert gas elimination technique in seven
      patients with severe, acute PE (mean vascular obstruction, 55 percent) and
      hypoxemia (mean PaO2, 67 +/- 11 mm Hg). None had previous cardiopulmonary
      disease, and all were studied within the first ten days of initial symptoms.
      Increased calculated venous admixture (mean QVA/QT 16.6 +/- 5.1 percent) was
      present in all patients. The relative contributions of VA/Q mismatching and shunt
      to this venous admixture varied, however, according to pulmonary radiographic
      abnormalities and the time elapsed from initial symptoms to the gas exchange
      study. Although all patients had some degree of VA/Q mismatch, the two patients
      studied early (ie, less than 48 hours following acute PE) had normal chest x-ray
      film findings and no significant shunt; VA/Q mismatching accounted for most of
      the hypoxemia. In the others a shunt (3 to 17 percent of cardiac output) was
      recorded along with radiographic evidence of atelectasis or infiltrates and
      accounted for most of the venous admixture in one. In all patients, a low mixed
      venous oxygen tension (27 +/- 5 mm Hg) additionally contributed to the hypoxemia.
      Our findings suggest that the initial hypoxemia of acute PE is caused by an
      altered distribution of ventilation to perfusion. Intrapulmonary shunting
      contributes significantly to hypoxemia only when atelectasis or another cause of
      lung volume loss develops.

PMID- 4064771
TI  - Trends and results in tricuspid valve surgery.
AB  - Forty-six tricuspid valve operations were performed over 12 years. Operations
      were conservative (two valvotomies, eight DeVega annuloplasties, seven Carpentier
      rings) in 17 and valve replacement (17 mechanicals, 12 tissues) in 29. Operative
      mortality rate was improved with better preoperative functional class, use of
      cardioplegia, or use of annuloplasty. Heart block occurred less with annuloplasty
      (6 vs 24 percent). Long-term survival was similar with annuloplasty or porcine
      valve replacement, but was poorer with mechanical valve replacement. Four of
      eight DeVega annuloplasties failed during the operative (two) or late (two)
      period. When the anatomy is suitable, we believe the Carpentier ring annuloplasty
      to be safe and effective. When valve replacement cannot be avoided, we believe
      replacement with a tissue valve is preferable.

PMID- 4064772
TI  - Indirect measurement of infarct size. Correlative variability of enzyme,
      radionuclear angiographic, and body-surface-map variables in 34 patients during
      the acute phase of first myocardial infarction.
AB  - To gain a correlative perspective of indirect indications of the size of a
      myocardial infarct, we measured several body-surface electrocardiographic
      variables and several enzyme and radionuclear angiographic indicators of an
      infarct's size in 34 patients during the acute phase of first infarction. We
      found that bivariate correlations ranged widely, from an r value of 0.05 to an r
      value of 0.92, but were significantly (p less than 0.001) higher when variables
      from the same technique were correlated (mean r, 0.60 +/- 0.27), as opposed to
      correlations of variables from different techniques (mean r, 0.27 +/- 0.18).
      Trivariate comparisons among techniques produced significantly (p less than
      0.001) higher r values, but the highest, an r value of 0.76 (total wall motion
      abnormality score; peak lactic dehydrogenase level; ST-segment integral maximum),
      indicated that even in this best case, only about 60 percent of the variation of
      one variable was dependent on or due to the two other variables. These data
      demonstrate that multiple indirect quantitative indicators of myocardial injury
      can vary widely in their correlations within the same population of infarcts, and
      much remains unknown in their relationships during the acute phase. Caution
      should be exercised, therefore, in their clinical application to predict an
      infarct's size in individual patients with acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4064773
TI  - Respiratory effects in relation to estimated tar exposure from current and
      cumulative cigarette consumption.
AB  - Relationships between estimated "tar" exposure from current and past cigarette
      consumption, were related to respiratory symptoms and function during the seventh
      survey (1981-1983) of the Tucson epidemiologic study of airways obstructive
      diseases. Smokers (n = 582; 280 males and 302 females) and exsmokers (n = 621;
      345 males and 276 females), answered detailed questions on current and past
      smoking, and performed flow-volume maneuvers. Cough and phlegm were significantly
      associated with estimated "tar" exposure from current cigarette consumption.
      Cough, phlegm, and dyspnea were associated with reported deep inhalation in both
      sexes, while wheeze was so associated in females. In young smokers (less than 35
      years), symptoms were more prevalent in those who had predominantly smoked
      cigarettes with estimated high "tar." Total exposure was more important in older
      smokers. Generally, exsmokers showed a lower prevalence of symptoms than smokers.
      Cross-sectional lung function measurements were significantly related to total
      estimated "tar" exposure and age. Multiple logistic regressions provided models
      which helped predict symptoms and lung function impairment in smokers and
      exsmokers on the basis of estimated "tar" exposure and pack-years of smoking.

PMID- 4064774
TI  - Effect of bronchial lavage volume on cellular and protein recovery.
AB  - To investigate the optimal lavage technique to study the airway response in
      patients with asthma, differential volume lavage was carried out in 22 normal
      subjects and 18 patients with red cedar asthma. Ten ml of fluid was instilled
      into a main-stem bronchus followed by 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 ml into different
      segmental bronchi. Small volume lavage (less than 20 ml) in a main stem bronchus
      or a segmental bronchus recovered more epithelial cells and neutrophils while a
      lavage volume of 20-100 ml in a segmental bronchus recovered more lymphocytes,
      alveolar macrophages, albumin, IgG and alpha 1-antitrypsin. In patients with
      asthma, a higher proportion of epithelial cells was observed in the 20 ml
      segmental bronchus lavage 24 to 48 hours after bronchial challenge with plicatic
      acid, the chemical compound responsible for red cedar asthma. There was an
      increase in eosinophils and IgG with all volume lavages, but the changes were
      most marked in the 10 ml main bronchus lavage and the 10 and 20 ml segmental
      bronchus lavage. The results show the importance of using a systematic lavage
      protocol to characterize the cellular and protein changes in the airways of
      patients with asthma. A single volume lavage in one site may not encompass all
      the changes observed.

PMID- 4064775
TI  - Flexible transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy for histologic specimens.
AB  - Flexible transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) biopsy has been used to obtain
      cytologic specimens from mediastinal lymph nodes for the diagnosis and staging of
      bronchogenic carcinoma. The dependency on a sophisticated cytologic laboratory,
      the skill required to perform this procedure, and the inability to obtain enough
      tissue to diagnose noncarcinomatous processes in the mediastinum by smaller
      needles has limited its use. The application of TBNA would be greatly enhanced if
      a histologic specimen could be obtained from the mediastinal lymph node safely.
      For this reason, an 18-gauge needle was developed and used through a rigid
      bronchoscope. In ten patients, adequate tissue for histology was obtained in
      nine, and a specific diagnosis was made in eight patients without any
      complication. A similar technique was developed and is now reported using the
      flexible bronchoscope. We conclude that using a flexible transbronchial needle is
      an effective and safe way of obtaining histologic specimens from the mediastinum
      and can provide a diagnosis, both in malignant and benign mediastinal disease.
      Hopefully, this technique will further reduce the need for more invasive surgical
      procedures.

PMID- 4064776
TI  - Fate of tricuspid regurgitation after closed valvotomy for mitral stenosis.
AB  - Rheumatic mitral valve disease is not infrequently associated with tricuspid
      regurgitation (TR). To determine the fate of TR following closed mitral valvotomy
      (CMV), we examined the records of 23 patients with variable degrees of TR and
      significant mitral stenosis (MS). Based on angiocardiographic assessment of TR,
      patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (15 patients) had mild-to-moderate
      TR, while group 2 (eight patients) had severe TR. After valvotomy, dyspnea
      lessened in all patients. Right ventricular (RV) failure signs (jugular venous
      distension and hepatomegaly) and the amounts of diuretics used diminished in 12
      of 15 patients in group 1. Group 2 patients showed insignificant improvement at
      one-year follow-up period. Cardiac recatheterization was performed in four of
      group 2 patients three to five years later primarily for persistence of RV
      failure signs. The mitral valve areas varied from 1.4 to 2.7 cm2. There was mild
      mitral regurgitation in two patients. There was no deterioration of the left
      ventricular ejection fraction, but TR was at least moderate in all cases.

PMID- 4064777
TI  - Value based interpretation of pulmonary function tests.
AB  - Two contrasting errors in spirometric interpretation are the inappropriate
      conclusion of "normality" (type I) and of "abnormality" (type II). A survey of 67
      health professionals showed major interpersonal and intersituational differences
      in opinion about the optimal relative proportions of type I and type II errors.
      This suggests the need for caution in the commonly employed practice of
      interpretation based on a 5 percent false positive rate.

PMID- 4064778
TI  - Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. What is its real frequency?
AB  - A prospective study of 104 patients was undertaken to determine the frequency of
      severe heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients receiving either bovine lung
      or porcine mucosal heparin. One of 54 patients randomized to receive bovine
      heparin and two of 50 patients randomized to receive porcine heparin developed
      heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (platelet count less than 100,000/microliters).
      Although three previous studies suggest a remarkably high frequency of bovine
      heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, or a high frequency compared to porcine
      heparin, our study supports other evidence that clinically important, severe
      heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (platelet count less than 100,000/microliters)
      occurs in 10 percent of patients or less receiving heparin, and that there is no
      significant difference of occurrence between bovine and porcine heparin.

PMID- 4064779
TI  - The case of the moving intrathoracic mass. Pedunculated benign localized pleural
      mesothelioma.

PMID- 4064780
TI  - Left atrial mass. Thrombus mimicking myxoma.

PMID- 4064781
TI  - Bloody ascites in sarcoidosis.
AB  - We present the findings in two patients in whom sarcoidosis was manifested by
      bloody ascites. Granulomas were present on peritoneal surfaces in one case and on
      the serosal surface of the spleen and liver in the other. Five patients with
      abdominal sarcoidosis have previously been reported with nonbloody ascites.
      Although bloody ascites due to sarcoidosis is rare, it is presumably akin to
      bloody pleural and pericardial effusions which have been previously reported. The
      long-term prognosis of patients with peritoneal sarcoidosis and ascites appears
      good.

PMID- 4064782
TI  - Spontaneous aneurysm of a patent ductus arteriosus in an elderly patient.
AB  - Spontaneous aneurysm of a patent ductus arteriosus has rarely been reported in an
      adult. Successful operation on such an aneurysm is reported.

PMID- 4064783
TI  - Marked suppression of ventilation while awake following massive ingestion of
      atenolol.
AB  - We describe a patient who ingested 5 g of atenolol with ethanol. After awakening,
      with repeat toxicology screen only showing atenolol, and in spite of normal
      voluntary breathing mechanics, he had marked suppression of his spontaneous
      respirations as measured by minute ventilation and by occlusion pressure with no
      incremental response to hypercapnic challenge. Subsequently, he recovered.
      Although we are unable to prove a causal relationship, future patients with
      atenolol overdose should be observed carefully for ventilatory failure, even if
      fully conscious.

PMID- 4064784
TI  - Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography in the evaluation of penetrating
      cardiac injury.
AB  - Two cases in which Doppler and cross-sectional echocardiography demonstrated
      intracardiac shunts acquired by stab wounds to the heart are reported. These
      cases demonstrate the utility of these noninvasive methods in assessing the
      anatomic residua of penetrating cardiac injuries. In particular, the value of
      Doppler echocardiography in detecting lesions that are small, irregularly
      oriented, and situated in locations not well seen in standard two-dimensional
      echocardiographic imaging views is emphasized.

PMID- 4064785
TI  - Acute posteroinferior wall myocardial infarction secondary to football chest
      trauma.
AB  - Myocardial infarction secondary to nonpenetrating chest trauma is rare. We
      present the case of a sportsman who developed an acute transmural posteroinferior
      wall myocardial infarction due to chest trauma by a football. The angiographic
      study revealed total obstruction of the proximal right coronary artery.

PMID- 4064787
TI  - AeroBid inhalers.

PMID- 4064786
TI  - Atrial arrhythmias exacerbated by theophylline. Response to verapamil and
      evidence for triggered activity in man.
AB  - A 75-year-old woman with acute respiratory failure due to pneumonia superimposed
      on bronchospastic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and dilated
      cardiomyopathy developed multifocal and unifocal atrial tachycardia. Arrhythmia
      recurrence appeared to be dependent on reaching a critical but "nontoxic" serum
      theophylline concentration in the presence of high normal levels of digoxin. The
      arrhythmias responded to a decrease in serum theophylline concentration or to the
      administration of verapamil. The precipitation of the atrial arrhythmias by
      theophylline in the presence of digitalis, both of which may increase
      intracellular calcium and a dramatic response to verapamil, which inhibits
      calcium uptake and release, suggests that these arrhythmias may represent an
      example of "triggered activity" in man.

PMID- 4064788
TI  - Staff-patient ratio and type of interaction on a child psychiatry inpatient unit.

PMID- 4064789
TI  - The expressed fears of young children.

PMID- 4064790
TI  - Transitional object attachment in normal and in chronically disturbed
      adolescents.

PMID- 4064791
TI  - Effects of different treatment lengths in cognitive behavioral interventions with
      aggressive boys.

PMID- 4064793
TI  - Parent aides provide support to high risk families.

PMID- 4064792
TI  - The assessment of depression and anxiety in hospitalized pediatric patients.

PMID- 4064794
TI  - Helping children cope with parental mental illness through use of children's
      literature.
AB  - Children of mentally ill parents are often vulnerable, partly because they may
      not receive adequate nurturing and partly because they feel stigmatized by their
      parents' disabilities. The author recommends use in treatment of several
      children's books that show realistic, positive role models of children coping
      with parental mental illness.

PMID- 4064795
TI  - The influence of family visiting upon boys' behavior in a juvenile correctional
      institution.
AB  - Parental visiting, already recognized as essential for children in foster care,
      has a direct beneficial effect upon the behavior of children in correctional
      placements.

PMID- 4064796
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a newly identified antigen from ragweed pollen
      by organic solvent extraction.
AB  - An allergenically active protein, designated as RFB2, was isolated from short
      ragweed pollen using an aqueous-organic solvent system followed by gel
      chromatography. Antigen RFB2 was found to be homogeneous based on several
      criteria, e.g., column chromatography, gel electrophoresis and immunodiffusion.
      The molecular weight of antigen RFB2 was estimated to be approximately 85,000
      daltons based on the results of gel filtration on Sepharose CL-6B. Amino acid
      analysis revealed that antigen RFB2 contains about twice the amount of leucine
      and proline and about one-third the amount of cysteine and aspartic acid found in
      the water soluble antigens AgE, AgK and AgRa3. Antigen RFB2 showed total
      immunological identity with one of the AgE and the AgK precipitin bands and
      partial immunological identity with the AgRa3 precipitin band.

PMID- 4064797
TI  - [Antibacterial properties of some spice plants before and after heat treatment].
AB  - This study was carried out to understand the antibacterial properties of some
      spice plants before and after heat treatment in boiling water. The samples
      included the core and the outer layers of onion, the white and the green parts of
      green onion, garlic bulb, ginger, ginger root, sweet pepper, chili pepper, brown
      pepper, and mustard. The test microorganisms included Escherichia coli,
      Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus
      vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium phlei, Streptococcus faecalis,
      Bacillus cereus, and Micrococcus luteus. Raw garlic bulb could inhibit all of the
      test strains. The antibacterial activities of green onion are slightly weak than
      that of onion. However, green onion could inhibit P. aeruginosa and M. luteus,
      but onion could inhibit E. coli, P. vulgaris, S. faecalis, and B. cereus. Ginger
      and ginger root could only inhibit M. luteus. Chili pepper could inhibit V.
      parahaemolyticus and P. vulgaris. Brown pepper could also inhibit P. vulgaris.
      Sweet pepper and mustard showed no antibacterial activity to all of the test
      strains. In general, antibacterial components in the spice plants were heat
      labile. All the spices tested lost their antibacterial activities within 20 min
      at 100 degrees C.

PMID- 4064798
TI  - [Human clonorchiasis survey in Taiwan and its immunodiagnostic technics].
AB  - In a series of control study on human clonorchiasis, surveys had been carried out
      for four years. During the fourth year of study, immunodiagnosis was also tried.
      Skin test and stool examination were performed as a routine epidemiological
      survey in this study. The result of skin test revealed that 7 out of 738 primary
      school children and 2 out of 274 inhabitants in Tong-ho Township, Taitung County
      showed positive reaction. Four out of 500 children and none of 9 teachers tested
      from the primary school of Nan-hua Township, Hualien County were positive. For
      stool examinations, only one was found with Clonorchis eggs among 34 children
      from Nan-hua school, Hualien County, but none of 549 children from Tong-ho
      school, Taitung County was found with eggs. When stool examination was performed
      to those who had history of eating raw fresh water fish, positive cases increased
      in numbers, such as in Pingtung County, 19 out of 96 children and in Meinung
      Township of Kaohsiung County, 52 out of 86 children and 14 out of 19 teachers
      were shown positive for Clonorchis eggs. Immunodiagnosis by means of ELISA had
      been carried out in 72 sera of clonorchiasis patients and CFT, CIE in 30 sera.
      Results showed that ELISA detectable antibody titer was between 1,600 and 25,600,
      CFT, between 16 and 128 and CIE, under 4. In 8 sera of non-infected and 6
      infected with various intestinal helminths, negative reactions were obtained from
      each technic.

PMID- 4064799
TI  - [Non-cemented arthroprosthesis of the hip].

PMID- 4064801
TI  - [Non-cemented prosthesis in cervical vertebral-body surgery].

PMID- 4064800
TI  - [Considerations on some particular cases of post-traumatic thoraco-lumbar
      instability].

PMID- 4064802
TI  - [The Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute modular-type prosthesis for the proximal femur;
      preliminary results].

PMID- 4064803
TI  - [Treatment of recurrent congenital club-foot].

PMID- 4064805
TI  - [The Charnley hip prosthesis. Critical review of our results].

PMID- 4064804
TI  - [Postoperative fractures of the femur with hip prosthesis].

PMID- 4064806
TI  - [Biological arthroplasty of the knee: an unforgettable intervention? Review of
      Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute cases].

PMID- 4064807
TI  - [Stress fractures of the pubic rami of deceitful appearance: problems of
      differential diagnosis from neoplastic pathology of the bones].

PMID- 4064808
TI  - [Camurati-Engelmann disease. Review of the literature and a case contribution].

PMID- 4064809
TI  - [Resection of the sacrum].

PMID- 4064810
TI  - [Diaphyseal lengthening of the lower limb (study of 78 cases)].

PMID- 4064811
TI  - [Our experience with the surgical treatment of hallux valgus. Comparison of
      homogeneous statistics].

PMID- 4064812
TI  - [Myeloma and bone tissue: several considerations].

PMID- 4064813
TI  - [Aneurysmal cyst of the clavicle].

PMID- 4064814
TI  - [Bone cysts of the pelvis].

PMID- 4064815
TI  - [Intra-articular benign tumors of the proximal femur].

PMID- 4064816
TI  - [Giant cell tumor of the knee treated with autoplastic graft of the patella. Our
      experience].

PMID- 4064818
TI  - [Dyschondrosteosis].

PMID- 4064817
TI  - [Clinical-diagnostic considerations on 2 cases of pigmented villonodular
      synovitis].

PMID- 4064819
TI  - [Unusual localization of osteoid osteoma: the acetabular fossa].

PMID- 4064820
TI  - [Case of primary echinococcosis of the ilium].

PMID- 4064821
TI  - [Excision of osteoid osteoma: note on the surgical technic].

PMID- 4064822
TI  - [Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. Its application in pyelocaliceal and upper
      ureteral calculi].

PMID- 4064823
TI  - [Treatment of kidney calculi by extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. Experience
      of 9 departments of urology in Parisian hospitals. Preliminary report apropos of
      399 patients].

PMID- 4064824
TI  - [Colostomy: indications and complications. Apropos of an analysis of 1142 cases].

PMID- 4064825
TI  - [Good result after 6 years in anaplastic adenocarcinoma of the 2nd portion of the
      duodenum].

PMID- 4064826
TI  - [A modern approach to false cysts of the pancreas. Choice of pre- and
      peroperative tests and therapeutic orientations].

PMID- 4064827
TI  - [Long-term outcome of patients treated for acute pancreatitis. Apropos of 80
      cases].

PMID- 4064828
TI  - [Anderson's syndrome with pseudohyperparathyroidism].

PMID- 4064829
TI  - [Surgical drainage in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis. Apropos of 81
      cases].

PMID- 4064830
TI  - [Closed injuries of the thorax in children].

PMID- 4064831
TI  - Nuclear reformation following metaphase in HeLa S3 cells: three-dimensional
      visualization of chromatid rearrangements.
AB  - Nuclear reformation from chromatids following metaphase was visualized three
      dimensionally for the first time in mammalian cells (HeLa S3) by scanning
      electron microscopy (SEM). Anaphase and telophase configurations free of mitotic
      apparatus, cytoskeletal elements and nuclear envelope were prepared using a
      slightly modified standard cytological procedure which permitted visualization of
      chromatid position and orientation. Mid-anaphase alignments were observed to be
      more complex than previously revealed by light and transmission electron
      microscopy (TEM). One pole consisted of chromatids joined along their lateral
      length, the other pole consisted of telomeres, apparently of the longest
      chromatids, aligned in a double concentric layer. As anaphase progressed, re
      association of these chromatids appeared to occur progressively along their
      lateral length toward their telomeres. Morphological evidence is presented
      suggesting that this lateral re-association may involve interchromatid fibers.
      After complete joining, structures resembling a hollow half sphere had formed.
      Based on different preparative procedures for SEM and published TEM analysis, it
      is this shell-like configuration upon which the nuclear envelope is reestablished
      in early telophase. As telophase progressed there was loss in depth of the
      internal chamber resulting in a disc configuration. Following loss of chromatid
      outline from the surface of this structure, interphase nuclear shape was assumed.
      Morphometric determinations revealed relative dimensions of chromatid
      configurations and supported the conclusion that nuclear reformations proceeded
      by discrete steps. The complexity of such a process, as revealed by SEM analysis,
      is discussed.

PMID- 4064832
TI  - Early replication banding reveals a strongly conserved functional pattern in
      mammalian chromosomes.
AB  - One of the best documented autosomal linkage associations in man is on chromosome
      1p and in the mouse on chromosome 4. On mitotic chromosomes this genetic homology
      is shown more clearly by early replication banding (RBG; induced by incorporation
      of 5'bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in the second half of the S phase) than by
      structural banding (induced on prefixed chromosomes by denaturation, RFA, or
      trypsin, GTG). To analyse this phenomenon in more detail, 11 chromosomal regions
      in man and the domestic cat with known genetic homology were compared. In four
      chromosome pairs RBG and GTG banding show the same degree of homology. In seven
      chromosome pairs the homology is more pronounced by RBG than by GTG banding. RFA
      banding does not reveal the same extent of homology as does RBG banding. These
      results clearly show a difference between the structural banding pattern, RFA and
      GTG, and the replication banding pattern, RBG. The following conclusions can be
      drawn: in chromosomal regions with homologous functions the DNA replicates in the
      same temporal order. Early replication banding (RBG) reveals a functional pattern
      in these regions which has been more strongly preserved during evolution than the
      underlying chromosomal DNA. Differences in chromosomal banding are most prominent
      in the GTG banding pattern, whereas similarities are most apparent in the RBG
      banding pattern.

PMID- 4064834
TI  - XVII International Conference of the International Society for Chronobiology.
      Little Rock, 3-6 November, 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4064833
TI  - Presence of abnormally high incidences of sister chromatid exchanges in three
      successive cell cycles in Bloom's syndrome lymphocytes.
AB  - The frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were examined in
      phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated blood lymphocytes of a normal individual, a
      Bloom's syndrome heterozygote (bl/+), and two Bloom's syndrome homozygotes
      (bl/bl). To determine the baseline SCE frequencies, lymphocytes were cultured
      with various concentrations of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) for two cell cycles.
      The incidence of SCEs per two cell cycles in bl/bl lymphocytes levelled off at
      BrdUrd concentrations below 10 micrograms/ml while that in normal and bl/+
      lymphocytes stayed constant below 7.5 micrograms/ml. The baseline SCE frequency
      in bl/bl cells was ten times higher than that in normal and bl/+ cells. At BrdUrd
      concentrations above 15 micrograms/ml, SCEs in bl/bl cells were induced more
      frequently than in normal and bl/+ cells. These results indicate that at low
      concentrations BrdUrd has a minimal effect on the induction of SCEs in all
      individuals, while at higher concentrations the BrdUrd incorporated in bl/bl
      cells has a larger effect than that in normal and bl/+ cells. To elucidate the
      effect of BrdUrd incorporated into the daughter and parental DNA strands on SCE
      induction, SCEs occurring during each cell cycle were examined separately in
      three-way or two-way differentially stained, third-cycle metaphases. The
      incidence of SCEs detected in each cell cycle at 5 micrograms/ml BrdUrd was
      constant in all individuals and the rates of SCEs in each cell cycle in bl/bl
      cells were remarkably higher than those observed in normal and bl/+
      cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4064835
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against bromodeoxyuridine.

PMID- 4064836
TI  - Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to bromodeoxyuridine.
AB  - The characteristics of three mouse monoclonal antibodies to halogenated uridine
      derivatives are presented. Two, IU-1 and IU-2, are produced by hybridomas derived
      in our laboratory, and the third is the B-44 hybridoma described by Gratzner (7)
      and obtained commercially from Becton-Dickinson Monoclonal Center. Hybridomas IU
      1 and IU-2 were derived from the fusion of spleen cells from a Biozzi High
      Responder mouse immunized with iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd) conjugated to bovine
      serum albumin and SP2/0 mouse myeloma cells. This paper presents methods and
      results for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) against whole cells
      labeled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd), ELISA against BrdUrd-labeled DNA, and a
      competition ELISA for free BrdUrd. All three antibodies show similar binding
      affinities and specificities. The IU antibodies react with BrdUrd and IdUrd when
      the nucleosides are either free in solution or incorporated into single-stranded
      DNA (ss-DNA). The antibodies do not recognize either halogenated base in double
      stranded DNA (ds-DNA), nor do they react with uracil or bromocytidine. Weak
      binding to thymidine, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, and unsubstituted ss-DNA occurs.

PMID- 4064837
TI  - Cytochemistry for bromodeoxyuridine/DNA analysis: stoichiometry and sensitivity.
AB  - This report describes an improved immunochemical procedure for staining cells in
      suspension for amount of incorporated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) and total DNA.
      In this procedure, cellular DNA is partially denatured by extracting the cells
      with 0.1 M HCl and then heating them to 80 degrees C in a 50% formamide solution.
      The cells are then immunofluorescently stained using a monoclonal antibody
      against BrdUrd in single-strand DNA (ssDNA) and counterstained for DNA content
      with propidium iodide (PI), a dye that fluoresces preferentially when bound to
      double-strand DNA (dsDNA). We show that the relative amounts of
      immunofluorescently stained BrdUrd in ssDNA and PI in dsDNA can be altered
      reciprocally by changing the formamide concentration, denaturation time, and
      denaturation temperature. We show that this new immunochemical staining procedure
      allows more complete DNA denaturation so that fivefold lower levels of BrdUrd
      incorporation can be quantified. In addition, we show that the BrdUrd-linked
      immunofluorescence achieved using the new denaturation procedure is more linearly
      related to cellular BrdUrd content than that achieved after acid DNA
      denaturation. However, cell loss is sufficiently severe with the thermal
      denaturation procedure that it may not be applicable to all cell types.

PMID- 4064838
TI  - Cell cycle analysis using numerical simulation of bivariate DNA/bromodeoxyuridine
      distributions.
AB  - This report describes a mathematical model of cell proliferation for simulation
      of bivariate DNA/bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) distributions. The model formulates
      the change with time in the frequency of cells with any DNA content and in the
      amount of incorporated BrdUrd, according to given cytokinetic parameters, i.e.,
      durations and dispersions of cell cycle phases and DNA synthesis rate during S
      phase. We have applied this model to sequential DNA/BrdUrd distributions measured
      for Chinese hamster ovary cells asynchronously grown in vitro, 1) for 30 min in
      10 microM BrdUrd followed by growth in BrdUrd-free medium for 0 to 24 h, or 2)
      during continuous incubation in 3 microM BrdUrd plus 30 microM thymidine for 2 to
      24 h. The matches between the experimental and simulated distributions give the
      G1, S, G2M, and total cell cycle durations (and coefficients of variation) of 5.6
      h (0.08), 7.0 h (0.07), 1.4 h (0.16), and 14.0 h (0.05), respectively. The model
      is shown to be useful for quantitative interpretation of the bivariate
      distributions.

PMID- 4064839
TI  - Macrophage-induced cytostasis: kinetic analysis of bromodeoxyuridine-pulsed
      cells.
AB  - The effect of tumoricidal macrophages on the cell cycle progression of six
      different cell lines was studied using an anti-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd)
      monoclonal antibody to follow the traverse of BrdUrd-labeled cells. Exponentially
      growing cultured mammalian cells, from six different cell lines, were prepulsed
      with BrdUrd before exposure to tumoricidal macrophages. The cultured cells were
      then analyzed as a function of time for DNA content (by propidium iodide
      staining) and for BrdUrd incorporation (using a fluoresceinisothiocyanate [FITC]
      conjugated anti-BrdUrd monoclonal antibody). The position of the cells in cycle
      and the progression of the BrdUrd-labeled cohort was followed using flow
      cytometry. The cell lines examined were: Colon 26, BALB/c-3T3, ST3T3 (a
      spontaneously transformed, tumorigenic clone of 3T3), WCHE5 (a clone of whole
      Chinese hamster embryo cells), RIF (a radiation-induced fibrosarcoma), and A101D
      (a human melanoma). The bivariate distributions showed that for all six cell
      lines the BrdUrd-labeled cohort in the control cultures progressed around the
      cell cycle during the first 12 h of culture, as the cells exponentially
      increased. In contrast, when each cell line was incubated with tumoricidal
      macrophages, the BrdUrd-labeled cohort did not progress through cell cycle but
      remained in S phase throughout the 12-h culture period. There was also no
      evidence for progression of cells out of G1. The data show that cells were
      arrested in every phase of cell cycle. This study suggests that cytostasis, as
      manifested by the termination of progression in all phases of the cell cycle, is
      a universal phenomenon induced by tumoricidal macrophages.

PMID- 4064840
TI  - Cytokinetic properties of asynchronous and cytosine arabinoside perturbed murine
      tumors measured by simultaneous bromodeoxyuridine/DNA analyses.
AB  - This paper describes the determination of cytokinetic properties of asynchronous
      and cytosine arabinoside- (Ara-C) treated KHT tumors growing in vivo using the
      bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd)/DNA analysis technique. The cytokinetic properties of
      asynchronously growing tumors were estimated by computer analysis of sequential
      BrdUrd/DNA distributions measured at 2- to 3-h intervals after administration of
      a single i.p. injection of BrdUrd. The cytokinetic properties of the Ara-C
      treated tumors were estimated by computer analysis of BrdUrd/DNA distributions
      measured at 2- to 3-h intervals after Ara-C treatment. BrdUrd was injected 30 min
      prior to tumor harvest. The cytokinetic properties of the cells rendered
      nonclonogenic by Ara-C were followed in BrdUrd/DNA distributions measured at 2-
      to 3-h intervals after Ara-C treatment of tumors that were labeled with BrdUrd 30
      min prior to Ara C injection. The G1-, S-, and G2M-phase durations were estimated
      to be 7.6, 10.9, and 2.0 h prior to Ara-C; decreasing to 1.2, 4.1, and 1.4 after
      Ara-C. The growth fraction was estimated to be 0.8 prior to Ara-C. Complete
      recruitment of the normally noncycling subpopulation was observed after Ara-C
      treatment. Ara-C-killed cells were removed from the tumor within 24 h following
      Ara-C injection. These cytokinetic properties were similar to those reported in
      other studies.

PMID- 4064841
TI  - Cell cycle kinetic measurements in an irradiated rat rhabdomyosarcoma using a
      monoclonal antibody to bromodeoxyuridine.
AB  - Cell cycle kinetics after X-irradiation were studied in a solid rat
      rhabdomyosarcoma using a monoclonal antibody to bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) in
      cells in which the DNA was labeled by BrdUrd. It could be shown that this tumor
      was composed of about 80% diploid host cells, and only 20% of the cells in the
      dissociated tumor were actually tetraploid tumor cells. When rats were injected
      intraperitoneally with BrdUrd to label S-phase cells in the tumor, only a
      fraction of both types of cells became labeled with BrdUrd during S-phase, even
      24 h after injection. The diploid BrdUrd-labeled cells progressed rapidly into
      cycle; 4 h after injection of BrdUrd, labeled diploid G1-phase cells could be
      observed. Only 25% of the tetraploid S-phase cells could be labeled by a single
      injection of BrdUrd (160 mg/kg body weight). These labeled tetraploid cells
      progressed through the cell cycle with similar velocities as did labeled diploid
      cells. Using a "Mini Osmotic Pump" containing bromodeoxycytidine (BrdCyd) at high
      concentration (0.3 mol/L) that released BrdCyd continuously into the organism
      where it was converted to BrdUrd, it could be shown that after 2 days about 60%
      of cells in S-phase and 70% of cells in G2-phase were labeled. The fraction of
      labeled G2-phase cells in irradiated tumors (D = 10 and 20 Gy) was enhanced
      between 10 and 50 h after irradiation due to a radiation-induced G2 block in
      cycling tetraploid tumor cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4064842
TI  - A method to measure the duration of DNA synthesis and the potential doubling time
      from a single sample.
AB  - A method is described whereby the DNA synthesis time, Ts, can be calculated using
      data of a single sample of cells taken several hours after labelling with
      bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd). The method involves a simple calculation using flow
      cytometry data of BrdUrd incorporation (green fluorescence, FITC-labelled anti
      BrdUrd-DNA antibody) and total DNA content (red fluorescence, propidium iodide).
      The movement of BrdUrd-labelled cells through the S phase can be quantified by
      measuring their mean red fluorescence relative to that of G1 and G2 cells.
      Assuming the movement of the labelled cells toward G2 is linear with time, Ts can
      be calculated by measuring their relative movement at any one time. The method
      was tested on cells in vitro and on bone marrow and tumor cells in vivo.
      Reasonable agreement was seen with published estimates of Ts for these tissues.

PMID- 4064843
TI  - The labelling index of human and mouse tumours assessed by bromodeoxyuridine
      staining in vitro and in vivo and flow cytometry.
AB  - Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) incorporation and flow cytometry were used to measure
      human tumour kinetic parameters in vitro and in vivo. The technique was validated
      by comparison of labelling index estimates of mouse tumours in vivo and in vitro
      using BrdUrd and flow cytometry with tritiated thymidine (3HdThd)
      autoradiography. Similar labelling indices were obtained with both in vivo and in
      vitro incorporation into DNA of the two different precursors. Measurements of
      human tumour labelling indices were similar following in vitro incubation with
      either BrdUrd or 3HdThd. The use of BrdUrd allowed the visualization of a
      population of S-phase cells that did not appear to incorporate BrdUrd or 3HdThd.
      The human tumour labelling indices obtained with BrdUrd incorporation were
      similar to previously reported values using autoradiography studies. Preliminary
      studies demonstrated that significant human tumour labelling could be achieved
      with an intravenous injection of 500 mg BrdUrd.

PMID- 4064844
TI  - Direct and indirect flow cytometric enumeration of 6-thioguanine-resistant human
      peripheral blood lymphocytes.
AB  - Methods based on flow cytometry and sorting, autoradiography, and cloning were
      used to evaluate the potential for the enumeration of 6-thioguanine-resistant
      human peripheral blood lymphocytes assumed to be deficient with respect to the
      enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyl-transferase. Flow cytometric sorting
      of proliferating cells in the late S- and the G2-stages by means of DNA content,
      as measured by propidium iodide fluorescence, enabled an enrichment of variant
      cells to about 99%. The main source of false events was contaminating doublets of
      G0/G1 cells appearing in the sorting region. Doublet discrimination measured as
      the difference between pulse height and area (Ortho-50) accomplished no further
      improvement. A combination of propidium iodide fluorescence and bromodeoxyuridine
      incorporation, measured by fluorescent anti-bromodeoxyuridine-DNA antibodies,
      allowed flow cytometric enrichment to about 99.99% of variant cells. By sorting
      of 3H-thymidine-labeled cell nuclei from the late S- and the G2-phases and
      subsequent autoradiographic evaluation, partly resistant variants could be
      discriminated; variant frequencies of the same magnitude as for the cell cloning
      methods were obtained.

PMID- 4064845
TI  - Detection of cytosine arabinoside resistant cells at low frequency using the
      bromodeoxyuridine/DNA assay.
AB  - This report describes a rapid and sensitive procedure for detection of cytosine
      arabinoside- (Ara-C) resistant mouse leukemia cells (L1210) in a predominantly
      Ara-C-sensitive population. L1210 cell lines sensitive or resistant to Ara-C were
      grown and treated with Ara-C in vitro or in vivo. Ara-C-resistant cells were
      detected as those cells with S-phase DNA content retaining the ability to
      incorporate bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) after treatment with Ara-C. The BrdUrd
      incorporation ability of the S-phase cells was assessed by simultaneous flow
      cytometric measurement of cellular DNA content and amount of incorporated BrdUrd.
      The proportion of Ara-C-resistant cells was accurately estimated at frequencies
      approaching 10(-3).

PMID- 4064846
TI  - Management of the perineal wound after rectal excision for ulcerative colitis.
AB  - A retrospective review was conducted of 326 patients undergoing intersphincteric
      rectal excision for ulcerative colitis. Seventy-five patients (Group A) had
      rectal excision with closure of the pelvic peritoneum and packing of the pelvic
      space via an open perineal wound. One hundred sixty-nine patients (Group B) had
      excision without pelvic peritoneal closure, but with the levators and
      subcutaneous tissue closed and with transabdominal sump suction drainage of the
      pelvic space. Complete healing for Groups A and B occurred by three months in 42
      and 79 percent, respectively, and by six months in 56 and 89 percent. Thirty-one
      percent of Group A and 9 percent of Group B were unhealed at one year, and/or
      required further surgery. When all 326 patients were considered, healing was
      achieved at three, six, and 12 months, for packed and for closed wounds, in 42
      percent and 79 percent, 55 percent and 89 percent, 66 percent and 91 percent,
      respectively. All these differences are highly significant (P less than 0.0001).
      The incidence of small-bowel obstruction requiring surgery during follow-up was
      similar whether the pelvic peritoneum was closed (15.5 percent) or left open
      (15.7 percent). Other factors which adversely affected perineal wound healing
      were younger age, a short history of disease, a two-stage proctocolectomy
      especially for persistent severe rectal disease, and the presence of perianal
      disease.

PMID- 4064847
TI  - Temporary colostomy--an outmoded procedure? A report on the intracolonic bypass.
AB  - The intracolonic bypass is a procedure preventing the gastrointestinal secretions
      and fecal contents from coming into contact with an anastomotic closure site
      without interrupting the intraluminal continuity of fecal flow from proximal to
      distal colon. Experimental and clinical data have indicated that the intracolonic
      bypass can protect such an anastomosis, in the presence of maximal colonic
      loadings, dehiscences, and fecal peritonitis. This single stage procedure
      obviates the necessity for construction and subsequent closure of a temporary
      colostomy in situations where it is currently indicated; the morbidity,
      mortality, psychologic problems, and economic costs associated with these
      multiple procedures are avoided. Sufficient experience now has been gained to
      recommend the intracolonic bypass as a viable alternate to temporary colostomy.

PMID- 4064848
TI  - Small intestinal transplantation. A closer reality.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether small intestinal
      transplantation could be considered as an alternative in the treatment of
      patients suffering from the short-bowel syndrome. The site of absorption of oral
      cyclosporine A was determined as were the changes that follow small intestinal
      transplantation. The interactions between the lipophilic cyclosporine A molecule
      and fat emulsion solutions used for total parenteral nutrition were investigated.
      Finally, a technique for harvesting the entire small bowel in man was developed.
      The absorption of oral cyclosporine A in normal dogs, and in bowel-resected,
      autotransplanted, and allotransplanted dogs was determined. Cyclosporine A levels
      were monitored in all animals. This demonstrated that cyclosporine A is absorbed
      through the small bowel and carried through the lymphatics; that absorption is
      decreased to 40 percent of normal after autotransplantation or
      allotransplantation without rejection. Rejection further hampers cyclosporine A
      absorption. Administration of olive oil alone enhances absorption of cyclosporine
      A. We also administered cyclosporine A IV to five dogs, with and without a
      concomitant infusion of fat emulsion solution (Intralipid). No changes in plasma
      cyclosporine A levels, in the clearance of cyclosporine A, or in the in vivo
      distribution of cyclosporine A were noted. Finally, dissections in six cadavers
      and in four brain-dead organ donors were performed, and a reproducible technique
      for harvesting the small bowel in man was established. In selected patients with
      the short-bowel syndrome, small intestinal transplant may be considered as an
      alternative therapy to home total parenteral nutrition.

PMID- 4064849
TI  - Ostomy and pregnancy.
AB  - Pregnancy in a woman with ostomy poses significant concern in its management. A
      search for literature addressing this problem revealed minimal information.
      Questionnaires on this subject were sent to all of the members of the American
      Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, and the replies received from them were
      analyzed by the computer. Attempts were made to answer questions regarding stoma
      complications, recurrence of disease during pregnancy, type of childbirth
      (vaginal or cesarean), special needs during pregnancy, and any recurring problems
      with subsequent pregnancies.

PMID- 4064850
TI  - Radiotherapy of presacral recurrence following radical surgery for rectal
      carcinoma.
AB  - The records of 58 patients treated by radiotherapy for presacral recurrent rectal
      cancers between 1975 and 1982 were evaluated. Pain was one of the most
      distressing symptoms, occurring in 38 of 58 patients (66 percent) which, in 90
      percent (34 of 38) of patients could be controlled by radiotherapy. Side effects
      were mild, and could be treated conservatively. The crude survival of the
      patients was 19.8 months (range, 3 to 71 months). Only 3 percent of those treated
      survived five years. The dose-survival study showed increased survival of
      patients treated with more than 44 Gy. Because of negative selection of patients
      irradiated with lower doses, certain conclusions cannot be made. Surgery, if
      performed radically, is the treatment of choice. But patients with inoperable
      disease treated with radiotherapy benefit symptomatically, and might have
      increased survivals with a small chance of cure.

PMID- 4064852
TI  - Anal manometric findings in patients with anal incontinence.
AB  - Anal manometric measurements were performed on 25 patients suffering from partial
      or total anal incontinence. Eleven patients were partially incontinent, and 14,
      totally incontinent. Compared with age- and sex-matched controls, both
      incontinent groups had significantly lower maximum basal pressure (MBP) and
      maximum squeeze pressure (MSP). Comparing the totally incontinent group with the
      partially incontinent group, the former had significantly lower MBP, but MSP did
      not differ significantly. The patients could also be grouped according to
      different manometric patterns, and it was shown that if both basal and squeeze
      pressures were low, the patients were prone to be totally incontinent. If only
      the voluntary function, MSP was low, the patients were most likely partially
      incontinent.

PMID- 4064851
TI  - Disturbances in the defecation mechanism with special reference to
      intussusception of the rectum (internal procidentia).
AB  - Anorectal disorders that disturb normal defecation are described, especially
      intussusception of the rectum (internal procidentia). A review of 190 patients,
      half of whom were treated operatively and the other half conservatively, is
      presented. Diagnostic procedures, symptoms, and indications for operations are
      evaluated. We believe that intussusception of the rectum is a relatively common
      cause of difficult emptying of the rectum and, when the correct diagnosis is
      established, operation presents a fair chance for improvement.

PMID- 4064853
TI  - Incidence of sexual dysfunction in male patients treated surgically for rectal
      malignancy.
AB  - Sixty male patients surgically treated for colorectal cancer were interviewed by
      structured questionnaire to evaluate the etiology of sexual dysfunction and
      quality of life. Patients were divided into three groups: 20 who underwent low
      anterior resection, 20 subjected to Miles' abdominoperineal amputation, and 20
      who underwent high anterior resection. Statistical evaluation of the three
      groups, by use of the chi-square test and Student's t test, showed that extent of
      the surgical dissection plays the most important role, although psychologic
      problems are also involved.

PMID- 4064854
TI  - Colorectal foreign bodies. Management update.
AB  - A nine-year experience with 55 colorectal foreign bodies extracted from 51
      patients is presented. Adherence to a management protocol according to the
      classification of the level of the foreign bodies within the rectum is
      emphasized. The therapeutic principles of pre-extraction biplane abdominal
      roentgenograms, appropriate anesthesia for adequate sphincter relaxation,
      transanal extraction under direct vision whenever possible, proctosigmoidoscopy
      and inpatient observation following removal of the foreign body have resulted in
      no morbidity or mortality in this series.

PMID- 4064855
TI  - Primary sphincter repair in anorectal trauma.
AB  - Two patients who sustained severe anorectal trauma from "fist fornication" were
      treated by irrigation, colostomy, drainage, antibiotics, and primary repair of
      the rectum and anal sphincters without complications. Both had complete return of
      continence. Primary sphincter repair is advocated for these and similar anorectal
      injuries.

PMID- 4064856
TI  - Colonic necrosis in acute pancreatitis. A complication of massive retroperitoneal
      suppuration.
AB  - Colonic necrosis is a rare complication of peripancreatic sepsis following acute
      pancreatitis. Three patients with colonic necrosis associated with extensive
      retroperitoneal suppuration are reported. The pathogenesis of this syndrome may
      be explained by the tendency of pancreatic abscesses to extend widely in the
      retroperitoneum. Management is discussed, emphasizing the need for an aggressive
      surgical approach and multiple operations.

PMID- 4064857
TI  - Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis in Crohn's disease. Report of two cases.
AB  - Two cases of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis in patients with Crohn's disease
      are reported. These cases illustrate both benign and fulminant forms of
      pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis, and highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic
      dilemma of patients in whom pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis and Crohn's
      disease coexist. While therapy is seldom indicated in benign forms of pneumatosis
      cystoides intestinalis, mortality rates with fulminant pneumatosis cystoides
      intestinalis are high, regardless of the type of therapy.

PMID- 4064858
TI  - Funnel anus and megacolon in an adult.
AB  - A case of congenital funnel anus associated with consequent megacolon and
      rectosigmoidal inertia is described for the first time in a 36-year-old man. This
      very rare condition, a variant of low translevator anorectal malformation, did
      not improve after dilatation, but was treated successfully by extended left
      hemicolectomy and stapled coloanal anastomosis.

PMID- 4064859
TI  - Anorectal neurilemomas.
AB  - Anorectal neurilemomas are uncommon. We report two patients, one with a
      perirectal neoplasm and another with a perianal tumor. The lesions were solitary,
      with no evidence of generalized neurofibromatosis in either. The literature on
      this subject is reviewed.

PMID- 4064860
TI  - The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and colonic perforation. Report of a case and
      physiologic assessment of underlying motility disorder.
AB  - The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a genetically determined disorder of connective
      tissue which is generally known for its features of fragile, hyperextensible
      skin, hypermobile joints, and tissue fragility. Less commonly, colorectal
      complications can occur, including bleeding, prolapse, and diverticulitis. A rare
      case of colonic perforation associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is presented.
      Additionally, in vitro electromyographic studies of the colonic tissue were
      performed which suggested a possible link between abnormal myogenic activity and
      the colonic perforations. The authors recommend that treatment be either a
      permanent colostomy or a subtotal colectomy with anastomosis to the rectum for
      similar cases.

PMID- 4064861
TI  - Primary squamous carcinoma of the rectum. Report of a case and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the colorectum is a rare pathologic curiosity. Since
      the first report by Schmidtman in 1919, only 69 cases have been reported in the
      English medical literature. The mean age at presentation is 52 years, and the
      disease presents itself equally in men and women. The rectum accounts for
      slightly less than one half of all cases. Survival appears to correlate with
      nodal status and findings of visceral metastases at presentation. Most tumors can
      be identified easily by physical examination and/or barium enema. Therapy is
      limited largely to surgical resection, although attempts at irradiation and
      chemotherapy have been made. At this time, the etiology of this disease process
      is unknown, but a likely explanation revolves around replacement of damaged
      epithelium by cells which undergo anaplasia due to repeated trauma. In addition
      to this review of the literature, the authors wish to add one additional report
      of a patient treated successfully by a multimodality approach.

PMID- 4064862
TI  - Objective assessment of anorectal function after sphincter reconstruction using
      the gluteus maximus muscle. Report of a case.
AB  - Sphincter reconstruction using the gluteus maximus muscle was attempted in a 9
      year-old boy who had been incontinent following surgery for the high type of
      anorectal malformation. Anorectal function following this procedure was assessed
      by anorectal manometry, defecogram, and electromyography. Postoperative function
      improved from Kelly 1 (poor) to Kelly 3 (fair). Adequate anorectal pressure
      difference and good voluntary contraction were documented one year after surgery.
      A defecogram one month postoperatively showed the presence of an empty segment
      which had not been noted before. Tonic activity at rest, which had not been
      present before, was found both one month and one year after surgery. These
      results indicate that the gluteus maximus muscle maintains some function as a
      newly created anorectal sphincter. In the present study, the patient was examined
      periodically for one year after surgery. Further follow-up studies are necessary.

PMID- 4064863
TI  - Spontaneous improvement in pancreatic function in chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - Three women with chronic pancreatitis who were observed for 4-29 years showed
      spontaneous improvement in exocrine function as assessed by symptoms and by
      reduction in fecal excretion of fat. One patient had a reduction in the severity
      of diabetes mellitus, while another showed a progressive increase in the maximum
      bicarbonate concentration in duodenal juice after the intravenous injection of
      secretin. Improvement in pancreatic function followed cessation of alcohol in two
      patients in whom chronic pancreatitis was associated with alcohol abuse.

PMID- 4064864
TI  - Gastric emptying of combined liquid-solid meals in healed duodenal ulcer.
AB  - The gastric emptying rates of combined liquid and solid radioisotopically labeled
      meals in 47 healed duodenal ulcer subjects and 17 healthy control subjects are
      compared. No significant differences were found between the groups in emptying
      slopes and the emptying half-times or in the percent retention values at any of
      the counting intervals for either the liquid or solid meals. These results are
      compatible with the observation that the rapid gastric emptying in many patients
      with duodenal ulcer is associated with the disease and that healing results in a
      return to normal gastric emptying rates. However, since gastric emptying rates
      during active ulceration were not determined in our patients, a more definitive
      interpretation awaits a study comparing emptying rates obtained during and after
      healing of active ulceration in the same patient.

PMID- 4064865
TI  - Chronic diarrhea associated with hypogammaglobulinemia and enteropathy in infants
      and children.
AB  - In order to define the gastrointestinal manifestations and small intestinal
      structure and function in a group of infants with chronic nonspecific diarrhea
      and hypogammaglobulinemia, we retrospectively identified 55 such patients from a
      population of 518 children evaluated for chronic diarrhea over a 6-year span
      (10.6%). All patients had IgG levels 2.0 SD or more below the mean values for
      age. Patients with biochemical evidence of protein loss (enteropathy or
      nephropathy) were excluded. There was a 50% incidence of small intestinal mucosal
      injury among these patients, with a spectrum of morphological findings ranging
      from healing enteritis to severe active enteritis. Carbohydrate malasorption, and
      infection with Giardia lamblia or Clostridium difficile occurred in 34% and 24%
      of patients tested, respectively. These structural, functional, and infectious
      complications were all statistically more common in patients than in a control
      group of children with chronic diarrhea, normal growth, and normal immunoglobulin
      levels. This study suggests that immunoglobulin determination, in children who
      would otherwise carry a diagnosis of chronic nonspecific diarrhea, identifies a
      group with hypogammaglobulinemia, having an increased incidence of treatable
      intestinal dysfunction or infection, and a spectrum of small intestinal
      histologic abnormalities.

PMID- 4064866
TI  - Specificity of indium-111 granulocyte scanning and fecal excretion measurement in
      inflammatory bowel disease--an autoradiographic study.
AB  - The validity of 111In granulocyte scanning and fecal excretion measurement, as a
      reflection of loss of cells into the gastrointestinal tract, was studied using an
      autoradiographic technique in 11 patients in whom 111In granulocyte scan and
      colonoscopy were carried out simultaneously. 111In granulocytes were injected 1.5
      4 hr prior to colonoscopy, and intraluminal fluid, mucosal brushings, and colonic
      biopsies were collected during the colonoscopy. In two patients with no
      histological evidence of inflammatory bowel disease, and four patients with
      clinically and histologically inactive inflammatory bowel disease, no 111Indium
      was detected in fluid, brushing, or biopsies. In five patients with active
      disease, 85% of the 111In activity in colonic fluid was precipitated by low-speed
      centrifugation. Autoradiography confirmed that the label remained attached to
      whole granulocytes in colonic fluid and mucosal brushings. Studies on biopsies,
      at intervals up to 4 1/2 hr following labeled granulocyte injection, demonstrated
      labeled polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) on the inflamed epithelial surface,
      with occasional cells in crypt abscesses by 110 min. We conclude that the
      techniques of 111In granulocyte scanning and fecal counting in patients with IBD
      are specifically measuring cell loss; labeled PMNs are capable of migrating
      through the gastrointestinal mucosa, in active disease, within 2 hr of
      administration.

PMID- 4064867
TI  - Inhibition of gastric motor activity by 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2. A
      possible explanation of cytoprotection.
AB  - Effects of 16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (16-dmPGE2) and necrotizing agents on
      gastric motility and gastric mucosa were studied in conscious rats. Gastric
      motility was determined using a miniature balloon positioned in the glandular
      part of the stomach, which was connected to a pressure transducer and polygraph.
      Necrotizing agents, such as absolute ethanol, 0.6 N HCl, 0.2 N NaOH, or 4 M NaCl,
      were instilled into the stomach through a small fistula prepared in the
      forestomach. One milliliter of these agents produced streak lesions in the
      glandular part of the stomach within 1 hr, which were preceded by violent gastric
      contraction in every case. An intragastric administration of 16-dmPGE2 (0.3-3
      micrograms/kg) by itself increased a tonus of the gastric wall but dose
      dependently lessened the number and the amplitude of contractions. In those rats
      treated with 16-dmPGE2 (3 micrograms/kg), necrotizing agents failed to enhance
      the motility or to induce streak lesions. Pretreatment with 1 M NaCl as a mild
      irritant also inhibited gastric motility and lesion formation, but those actions
      were significantly antagonized by indomethacin (5 mg/kg). These results indicate
      that necrotizing agents induce a violent gastric contraction, followed by
      development of lesions in the stomach, and that the inhibition of gastric
      hypercontraction may be involved in a cytoprotective action of a prostaglandin
      against those induced gastric lesions in rats.

PMID- 4064868
TI  - Spontaneous improvement in pancreatic function in chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 4064869
TI  - Pancreatic stone protein.

PMID- 4064870
TI  - Problems with inhibitor isoamylase test.

PMID- 4064871
TI  - Are animal models of colon cancer relevant to human disease.

PMID- 4064872
TI  - Understanding biologic stress for study design and interpretation of results.

PMID- 4064873
TI  - Experimental models for ulcerative colitis.
AB  - Animal model systems have been used extensively to study both experimental and
      naturally occurring ulcerative colitis syndromes. Interestingly, despite a
      variety of different animal species and a broad range of inducing agents, the
      response of the large intestine has been somewhat predictable. Although there is
      suggestive evidence for transmissible agents in several of these animal model
      systems, documentation of a bacterial or viral etiology has remained elusive.
      Perhaps the best evidence to suggest that bacteria play a role in the development
      of naturally occurring ulcerative colitis resides in the studies utilizing the
      rabbit-dinitrochlorobenzine model and the carrageenin-induced ulcerative colitis
      model in the guinea pig. The evidence for microbial involvement in these model
      systems includes the use of single bacterial species in the carrageenin model to
      produce an ulcerative colitis like disease and the use of antimicrobial agents to
      alter the experimental model system in the guinea pig and hamster with
      proliferative ileitis and evidence of transmissibility. Recent reports of
      transmissible agents for both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in studies
      utilizing immunologically deficient mice also suggest that the search for the
      "agent" and mechanism should continue in model systems. The many differences
      between animal model systems and the human disease cannot be ignored. These
      differences make establishing what appears to be a complicated etiology even more
      difficult. Despite the difference in anatomy, physiology, and nutritional factors
      between animal model systems and the human disease process, the fact remains that
      one or more of these model systems may reflect the same mechanism or etiologic
      agent which occurs in the human disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4064874
TI  - Hereditary retinal degenerative diseases. 22nd symposium of the International
      Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV). Stockholm, Sweden, May
      28-31, 1984.

PMID- 4064875
TI  - Effects of hypoxia and hyperoxia on the human standing potential.
AB  - We report that the human standing potential, measured by the EOG, rises slowly
      when oxygen saturation is lowered to near 80% by breathing a controlled oxygen
      nitrogen mixture. The standing potential falls abruptly by 20-30% of its
      amplitude when the oxygen saturation returns to 100%. These changes can be
      generated reproducibly, with minimal discomfort, under conditions that could be
      adopted for clinical use. Animal experimental studies by Linsenmeier and
      Steinberg suggest that this hypoxia-hyperoxia response may be a delayed response
      to potassium concentration changes in the subretinal space. Since there is no
      requirement for light and no involvement of the Muller cells, the hypoxia
      hyperoxia response may be more specific for pigment epithelial pathology than the
      c-wave.

PMID- 4064876
TI  - Standing potential and c-wave during changes in PO2 and flow in the perfused cat
      eye.
AB  - Changing flow rate (F) in arterially perfused cat eyes concomitantly alters the
      supply of O2 and greatly affects electrical signals: increasing F increases the
      standing potential (SP) and decreasing F induces the opposite. Corresponding
      effects on c-wave are more variable. To separate changes in supply of O2 from
      changes in F we performed two types of experiments: (1) changing supply of O2
      while keeping F constant; this was done by switching to a perfusate of different
      PO2: and (2) changing F while keeping the supply of O2 constant; this was done by
      switching to hypoxic or hyperoxic perfusates and adjusting F to keep the b-wave
      amplitude constant. Results (1): Decrease in PO2 left the SP essentially
      unaffected, but increased the c-wave. Increase in PO2 tended to increase the SP
      and to decrease the c-wave. Results (2): Isolated decrease in F did not affect
      the SP consistently and left the c-wave unchanged. Isolated increase in F often
      increased the SP, but also left the c-wave unchanged. Covariation between SP and
      amplitude to the c-wave was absent during hyperoxia.

PMID- 4064877
TI  - Calcium blocks selectively the EOG-light peak.
AB  - The light peak (LP) is a slow increase in the standing potential of the eye and
      has been attributed to a depolarization of the basal membrane of the retinal
      pigment epithelium (RPE). We tested effects of different external calcium ion
      concentrations ([Ca++]0) on the LP in the arterially perfused cat eye. An
      increase in Ca++ activity by 3.2 mM depressed the LP by 85-90% of its amplitude
      under control conditions. In contrast the other components of the light response
      (c-wave, fast oscillation, and second c-wave) did not change. The small increase
      in [Ca++]0 had insignificant effects on the amplitude-intensity plots of the a-
      and b-waves of the electroretinogram. Elevated [Ca++]0 had its effect only during
      onset of light and not after the LP was once initiated. The effects were
      reversible. Since there is a very high [Ca++] concentration in the RPE cells and
      the pigment granulas may release Ca++ during illumination (Hess 1975), our
      results suggest that this ion plays a role during the initiation of the LP.

PMID- 4064878
TI  - The c-wave of the electroretinogram and the standing potential of the eye as
      highly sensitive measures of effects of low doses of trichloroethylene,
      methylchloroform, and halothane.
AB  - Low and moderate intravenous doses of trichloroethylene, methylchloroform, and
      halothane dissolved in a lipid emulsion (Intralipid) were given to cynomolgus
      monkeys. The DC electroretinogram (ERG) and the standing potential of the eye
      (SP) were recorded directly with corneal contact lenses, very stable calomel
      electrodes, and under very constant general anesthesia. Even low doses of the
      substances (close to the hygienic threshold limit values in Sweden) clearly
      provoked slow variations with time in the amplitude of the c-wave of the ERG and
      in the SP level. Both potentials are generated mainly in the pigment epithelium.
      It is suggested that the effects reflect a direct influence of the chemicals upon
      the metabolism of the pigment epithelium or on the cell membrane. Thus the method
      used is a highly sensitive measure of effects of certain halogenated hydrocarbons
      on structures belonging to the central nervous system.

PMID- 4064879
TI  - Combined effects of DL-alpha-aminoadipic acid with sodium iodate, ethyl alcohol,
      or light stimulation on the ERG c-wave and on the standing potential of albino
      rabbit eyes.
AB  - Albino rabbits were treated with intravitreal injections of DL-alpha-aminoadipic
      acid (alpha-AAA) into one eye (0.1 ml of a 0.15 M solution) and 0.1 ml of saline
      into the contralateral eye. Thirteen to fourteen hours later the DC
      electroretinogram (ERG) and/or the standing potential (SP) were recorded. (1) In
      eight of nine animals the c-wave amplitude of alpha-AAA injected eyes was
      increased compared with that of control eyes. Following intravenous injection of
      Sodium Iodate (40 mg/kg in 2% solution) the c-waves of both eyes were rapidly
      replaced by negative potentials. In 8 of 9 animals the amplitude reduction was
      more marked in alpha-AAA-treated eyes than in control eyes, but the final
      amplitude was higher in the former than in the latter. The SP was reduced with
      difference in curve form but not significantly in amplitude between the eyes. (2)
      In nine other rabbits iv.-injected ethyl alcohol (0.4 g/kg in 20% solution)
      provoked a transient increase of SP level and c-wave amplitude in control eyes
      and smaller but similar changes in alpha-AAA injected eyes. (3) In another five
      animals the SP was recorded following a step from darkness to continuous light
      stimulation. The light peak was less pronounced in alpha-AAA treated eyes than in
      control eyes.

PMID- 4064880
TI  - Photopic c-wave in the chicken ERG: sensitivity to sodium azide, epinephrine,
      sodium iodate, barbiturates, and other general anesthetics.
AB  - The c-wave recorded in the chicken electroretinogram proved to be a cone
      triggered component. The questions arose whether its reactivity to various
      specific drugs (sodium iodate, sodium azide, epinephrine, or barbiturates) were
      similar to those described for classic rod-triggered c-waves. We also tested the
      sensitivity of the chicken c-wave to various general anesthetics. Urethane was
      found to be the drug that best preserves the c-wave in electrophysiological
      recordings.

PMID- 4064881
TI  - Interaction between photoreceptors and pigment epithelium in developing pigeon
      retina: an electrophysiological and ultrastructural study.
AB  - In pigeons as in other vertebrates, the electroretinogram (ERG) first can be
      recorded simultaneously with the appearance of the photosensitive lamellae in the
      developing outer segments. At around 4-6 days after the bird has hatched a small
      negative-positive complex (a-b-wave) appears. Simultaneously, a c-wave can be
      recorded and the termination of the stimulus is followed by a positive d-wave.
      The ERG amplitude progressively increases during the first month as the lamellar
      structures complete their maturation. The c-wave amplitude shows a steady
      increase in the early post-hatching period which parallels the a-b complex
      maturation. In newly hatched pigeons the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell
      consists of a small soma and long villi which extend toward the photoreceptors.
      During maturation a progressive increase in RPE thickness and number of
      cytoplasmic elements can be observed.

PMID- 4064882
TI  - Correlation of ERG and pigment epithelium changes in external progressive
      ophthalmoplegia (EPO).
AB  - Six out of 17 patients with progressive external ophthalmoplegia (EPO) were found
      to have pigment anomalies with alterations in the electroretinographical (ERG)
      tracings. However, fluorangiography demonstrated alterations of the retinal
      pigment epithelium in patients with normal fundus and ERG examinations. We
      conclude that in our series there was no correlation between retinopathy and
      tapetoretinal degeneration.

PMID- 4064883
TI  - ERG and VECP in chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO).
AB  - Eleven patients suffering from chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
      (CPEO) were investigated by means of electroretinograms (ERG) and visually evoked
      cortical potentials (VECP) to flash and checkerboard-reversal stimuli. One
      patient exhibited a Kearns syndrome, in two patients fundoscopy revealed
      pigmentary retinopathy, and the other eight patients had normal fundi. In the
      three patients with pigmentary retinopathy the ERGs were slightly disturbed or
      normal, the P100-latencies in the VECPs being normal. Three out of eight patients
      without pigmentary changes had reduced ERGs indicating unsuspected retinopathy.
      This nonpigmentary retinopathy was only detected by means of ERG and may be the
      electrophysiological correlate of a reduced visual acuity. One patient had a
      considerably prolonged P100-latency in the pattern-reversal VECP of one eye,
      which may indicate lesions of the visual pathway along with CPEO.

PMID- 4064884
TI  - Hereditary retinal degenerative diseases. 22nd symposium of the International
      Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV). Stockholm, Sweden, May
      28-31, 1984.

PMID- 4064885
TI  - Electrical activity of anterior parts of the visual system obtained by
      nasopharyngeal recordings.
AB  - Electrical responses to single flashes were recorded from the epipharynx and from
      various intranasal locations by withdrawing a nasopharyngeal electrode through
      the nose. The anatomical relation between the electrode and the eye ball was
      checked by taking an X-ray of the subject's skull. In the epipharynx and in the
      anterior part of the nose the responses were ERGs (a-wave, b-wave, wavelets)
      which were inverted in polarity. The reversal in polarity occurred when the
      electrode tip was underneath the posterior pole of the eye. At this electrode
      position and further back to the epipharynx high-frequency oscillations of
      increased amplitude and different waveform were recorded. It is concluded that
      components that change their polarity are generated by retinal dipoles oriented
      parallel with the electrode path while the increased oscillations recorded in the
      back of the nose are generated in the optic nerve by dipoles of vertical
      orientation.

PMID- 4064886
TI  - Spatial tuning of the pattern ERG across temporal frequency.
AB  - The spatial response function of the electroretinogram (ERG) to contrast
      checkerboard pattern reversal at several check sizes was determined at a fixed
      contrast. The influence of the rate of modulation on the spatial response
      function was assessed. Reversing square wave patterns were presented at eight
      temporal frequencies ranging from 1 to 25 reversals per sec. The waveform
      consisted of an initial positive and a subsequent negative deflection.
      Irrespective of the temporal frequency, the spatial response function of the
      positive component did not show a spatial tuning. The amplitude of the negative
      component exhibited a pronounced attenuation of the response at check sizes
      larger than optimal. Mean maximal amplitude was found at an optimal check size
      between 25 and 50 min of arc. A distinction between a positive or negative
      component was not made for temporal frequencies higher than 10 reversals per sec,
      since the waveform at these modulation rates consisted merely of a sinusoidal
      steady-state response. The spatial response function obtained at 14 reversals per
      sec, resembling that of the negative component, exhibited a prominent spatial
      tuning. The results demonstrate that the pattern ERG has at least two components:
      a positive component which is not specific to changes in retinal distribution of
      contrast, followed by a negative wave showing spatial tuning across temporal
      frequency.

PMID- 4064887
TI  - Pattern-reversal electroretinograms in ocular hypertension.
AB  - Pattern-reversal electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded from seven patients,
      aged 50 to 69 years, with clinical diagnosis of unilateral ocular hypertension.
      In four of the seven patients the pattern ERG amplitude from the hypertensive eye
      was reduced below the normal level of variability, when compared with the
      amplitude from the opposite normotensive eye (ratio less than 0.8). In three of
      these four cases excavation of the optic disk in the hypertensive eye was
      observed 6 to 15 months after the recording of reduced pattern ERG. The finding
      suggests that pattern ERG may be an useful objective method for early detection
      of functional damage in eyes with increased intraocular pressure.

PMID- 4064888
TI  - Pattern electroretinograms recorded with a skin electrode in pigmentary retinal
      degeneration.
AB  - In 24 patients suffering from pigmentary retinal degeneration the
      electroretinograms to pattern stimulation (PERG) were recorded with a silver-cup
      electrode placed on the center of the lower eyelid skin referred to an electrode
      on the earlobe. The results were compared with the responses to flash stimulation
      (FERG) and pattern visual evoked cortical potentials. None of patients showed
      normal FERGs. Nineteen of 48 eyes showed subnormal FERGs. The PERG was recorded
      from those 19 eyes. In the remaining 29 eyes with flat FERG, 8 eyes showed clear
      PERGs. The peak latency of the first positive component of PERGs was found to be
      prolonged in these patients. PERGs seemed to be recordable in the patients whose
      visual acuity and central visual field were relatively well preserved.

PMID- 4064889
TI  - The pigeon pattern electroretinogram is not affected by massive loss of cell
      bodies in the ganglion layer induced by chronic section of the optic nerve.
AB  - In pigeons, electroretinographic responses to contrast reversal of sinusoidal
      gratings (pattern ERGs) were recorded before and after section of the left optic
      nerve. Ninety and 270 days following optic nerve section the ganglion cell layer
      of the side that underwent the surgical procedure showed an 80% reduction in the
      number of cell bodies as compared with the intact side. At these times the
      pattern ERGs showed comparable amplitudes in both eyes. There is a possibility
      that the inner nuclear layer of the pigeon retina plays a major role in the
      generation of the pattern ERG.

PMID- 4064890
TI  - Photic damage to the eye: selective extinction of the c-wave of the
      electroretinogram.
AB  - Albino rabbits were exposed to strong visible light that had passed several
      infrared-absorbing filters. Photic damage to the retina and pigment epithelium
      was studied by means of the direct current electroretinogram (dc-ERG) which
      allows stable registrations of the slow c-wave from the pigment epithelium as
      well as the relatively fast a- and b-waves from the neuroretina. The exposure to
      light for 4 h gave rise to striking changes in the ERG: there was only a 25%
      decrease in the b-wave but a total disappearance of the normally very large c
      wave. At the site of the c-wave in the ERG there appeared a negative trough. The
      electroretinographic evidence of this study seems to indicate a profound injury
      to the pigment epithelium (pigment epithelial cells and/or tight junctions) after
      exposure to strong visible light.

PMID- 4064891
TI  - Possible role of amacrine cells in the generation of the mammalian ERG b-wave.
AB  - The ERG b-wave is believed to be generated by a change of membrane potential of
      Muller cells mediated by alteration in extracellular K+ activity. At least two K+
      sources have been suggested. From studies with K+-sensitive electrodes there is
      some evidence that a proximal K+ source is generated by amacrine cell activity.
      It has been shown autoradiographically that in the rabbit retina gamma
      aminobutyric acid (GABA) is located in a subpopulation of amacrine cells.
      Therefore the effect of GABA on the b-wave amplitude of the isolated superfused
      rabbit retina was investigated by double-flash stimulation. Concentrations below
      10(-5) MM GABA did not change the ERG; higher concentrations diminished the b
      wave amplitude. With concentrations of 10(-3) MM GABA response to the second
      flash was clearly less reduced than that to the first. Furthermore the time
      course of the ERG was altered. Our investigation supports participation of
      amacrine cells in b-wave generation.

PMID- 4064892
TI  - Rapid contrast sweeping of steady-state visual evoked potentials: a new method
      for investigation of the visual system.
AB  - Rapid sweeping of contrast modulates the steady-state visual evoked potentials
      (VEP) obtained by sinusoidal gratings reversing at 16 Hz. The modulation results
      in a null interval of which the width measures the contrast threshold and of
      which the delay measures the apparent latency of the steady-state VEP, provided
      that the dynamic contrast sensitivity is symmetric. Data from 25 normal subjects
      and 27 patients with head injury show that this requirement is met in normal
      subjects but is often not verified in pathologic conditions. By measuring three
      aspects of the response to contrast changes (latency and static and dynamic
      contrast sensitivity) at five different spatial frequencies, one obtains a very
      sensitive method for investigation of the visual system.

PMID- 4064893
TI  - Stereospecific effects of the alpha-aminoadipic acid on the retina: a
      morphological and electrophysiological study.
AB  - In both frog and chicken an intravitreal injection of the dextrorotatory (D)
      isomer of alpha-aminoadipic acid (alpha-aaa) leads to a progressive disappearance
      of the ERG b-wave without affecting a and c components. Tectal evoked potentials
      (TEP) are no longer recorded. These physiological effects are concomitant with a
      specific glial cell damage, without any apparent damage to neurons. The
      levorotatory (L)-isomer at low concentrations is more gliotoxic than the D
      isomer, the ERG b-wave is suppressed, while the amplitude of both a and c
      components is increased. TEPs are always recorded, i.e., a visual message is
      still generated in the retina and transmitted to the optic tectum when the Muller
      cells have been damaged and the b-wave is abolished. At higher concentrations the
      L-isomer suppresses TEPs and damages both glial and neuronal cells. Thus alpha
      aaa appears to be a good tool for analyzing ERG components, especially
      subcomponents of the c-wave.

PMID- 4064894
TI  - Osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid obtained from neonatal chick eyes and
      its variation under light and dark adaptation.
AB  - In experiments by Yoneyama et al. (1985) a hypertonic perfusing solution was used
      to record the c-wave from the isolated chick retina. We investigated whether the
      chick retina was surrounded by such hypertonic liquids. The following results
      were found: the osmolarity of the subchoroidal humor was markedly higher than
      that of fluids from other areas of the eye; the relative difference in osmolarity
      between both sides of the retina was 110-170 mOsmol in the light-adapted
      condition, whereas it was about 270 mOsmol in the dark-adapted condition; and in
      the dark-adapted state the volume of the subchoroidal humor decreased about 40%
      but increased in osmolarity about 30-40%, whereas osmolarity of the subvitreous
      humor decreased about 15-20 mOsmol. Results suggest the presence of an inward
      directed pump mechanism for water-soluble components in the retina in addition to
      the proposed outward-directed pump mechanism of the pigment epithelium. The
      inward-directed pump may be more active in the dark-adapted state.

PMID- 4064895
TI  - Clinical study of the pattern electroretinogram in patients with optic nerve
      damage.
AB  - We have recorded both pattern and flash electroretinograms (ERG) in two patients
      with unilateral optic nerve damage due to optic canal fracture over one year. The
      pattern ERG from the affected eye was reduced in amplitude by approximately 40%
      in one patient, 60% in the other, compared with that from their other, normal
      eyes, while the flash ERG was normal in all eyes. Reduced pattern ERG responses
      may depend on retrograde degeneration following damage to the optic nerve. The
      pattern ERG, however, was not totally lost in the eyes with marked optic atrophy.
      There is a possibility that the pattern ERG contains both contrast and luminance
      components in various proportions.

PMID- 4064896
TI  - Enhanced sensory convergence to the visual cortex in the rodless (rd/rd) mouse.
AB  - The rd/rd mutation provokes a specific degeneration of the photoreceptive cells
      in the mouse retina, without affecting other neuronal elements. This degeneration
      starts 8 to 10 days after birth. Discriminative learning experiments have shown
      the degenerated retina to remain light-sensitive, the sensitivity being reduced
      to 10(-5) of normal with a peak still at 500 nm. An ontogenetic study showed a
      progressive vanishing of visual potentials (electroretinogram and visual evoked
      potentials) during the third week of life. Potentials of auditory origin, which
      can be recorded from the visual cortex in normal mice, were found to be clearly
      facilitated by the absence of the visual input either because of retinal
      degeneration in rd mouse or provoked by enucleation at birth.

PMID- 4064897
TI  - [Critical levels of long-lived global exposure to racemizing factors on the
      biosphere].

PMID- 4064898
TI  - [Anomalous thermotropic behavior of proteoliposomes consisting of cytochrome P
      450, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol].

PMID- 4064899
TI  - [Possibilities of acoustic thermography of biological objects].

PMID- 4064900
TI  - [Deduction of the spatial reasons for the antiparallel beta-structure of globular
      proteins].

PMID- 4064901
TI  - [Primary structure of cholesterol-hydroxylating cytochrome P-450 from the
      mitochondria of the adrenal cortex in the bull].

PMID- 4064902
TI  - [Allergenic properties of a conjugate of ovalbumin with a copolymer of acrylic
      acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone].

PMID- 4064903
TI  - [Effect of ligand interaction with the boundaries between different forms of DNA
      on intramolecular transitions].

PMID- 4064904
TI  - [2-dimensional 31P-NMR spectroscopy of model lipid membranes].

PMID- 4064905
TI  - [Exon-intron structure of eukaryotic genes can be due to the nucleosome
      organization of chromatin and to its related characteristics of gene expression
      regulation].

PMID- 4064906
TI  - [Action of ryanodine on the mechanical noise of the myocardium in the rat].

PMID- 4064907
TI  - Clinical evaluation of a naltrexone sustained-release preparation.
AB  - A clinical evaluation of the naltrexone bead, a biodegradable sustained-release
      dosage form of 3.0 mg in weight containing 70% naltrexone in a copolymer of
      lactic and glycolic acids, was carried out in 4 healthy normal males. Subjects
      were given an intravenous dose of 10 mg naltrexone and approx. 1 week later a 63
      mg dose of naltrexone by subcutaneous administration of the beads. Challenge
      doses of 15 mg morphine were given to each subject during the study for the
      assessment of narcotic blockade effects of naltrexone. For a 2-4-week period
      after bead administration, relatively constant plasma levels were maintained at
      0.30-0.46 ng/ml for naltrexone and were 0.64-1.07 ng/ml for naltrexol. Urine
      levels for unchanged and conjugated naltrexone were 79-215 ng/ml and for
      naltrexol were 315-500 ng/ml. From kinetic analysis, an average of 2.4-2.7% of
      implanted dose was absorbed each day from the administration of the beads. Opiate
      effects of morphine challenges were mitigated during the 2-4-week period after
      administration of naltrexone beads.

PMID- 4064908
TI  - Alcohol consumption during pregnancy among Southern city women.
AB  - As national survey data on American drinking practices have suggested a higher
      rate of heavy drinking among Southern city women compared to women in other
      regions, this study sought to determine drinking patterns during pregnancy in
      this group. A consecutive sample of 428 prenatal patients, who were residents of
      a Southern metropolitan area, were interviewed during the fourth month prenatal
      clinic visit. Although close to 50% of this sample were abstainers, 11% of the
      drinkers were found to be heavy drinkers, averaging more than two drinks daily,
      while 18% were high-maximum drinkers, consuming at least five drinks on an
      occasion prior to pregnancy. Forty-eight percent of the drinkers had become
      abstainers during the first 4 months of pregnancy, which was significantly higher
      than the 35% found in a representative non-Southern population (P less than
      0.01). More frequent high-maximum drinking and increased drinking during
      pregnancy, both of which are potentially risky drinking practices for fetal
      outcome, were found primarily among blacks and those 14-19 years of age. The
      large proportion of both blacks (85%) and those 14-19 (33%) in this sample may
      put this population at high risk for adverse fetal outcomes related to alcohol
      consumption during pregnancy.

PMID- 4064909
TI  - Prescribing methadone for the opiate addict: a problem of dosage conversion.
AB  - This study examines the relationship between self-reported use of opiates and the
      dose of oral methadone found to be needed on admission to an in-patients drug
      dependence unit. The sample consisted of all opiate addicts admitted in a 12
      month period. For methadone addicts there was a close relationship between the
      two dose measures: for heroin addicts there was no relationship. Users of illicit
      heroin who generally state doses in 'grammes', reported a mean daily dose of
      312.5 mg, but needed only 43 mg of oral methadone. Mean values for methadone
      addicts were 56 mg self-reported use, and 49 mg needed on the drug unit. Some of
      the reasons for the discrepancy in the two doses for the heroin addicts are
      discussed and clinical implications with regard to prescribing for opiate addicts
      are drawn.

PMID- 4064910
TI  - An attempt to improve the identification of alcohol-dependent patients in a
      teaching general hospital.
AB  - The information on drinking habits contained in medical records with that
      obtained through the CAGE alcoholism screening test was compared for 124
      inpatients of a teaching general hospital. This survey was followed by testing
      the possibility of introducing the CAGE test into the routine clinical interview.
      A second analysis of 110 medical records performed 2 months later indicated the
      failure of this attempt, as the general pattern of information on drinking habits
      remained unaltered and characterized by either no information at all or
      information that was too ambiguous to be of clinical value. Among the different
      hypotheses that could account for the negative results is the possibility that
      physicians are not sufficiently informed on the wide spectrum of clinical
      disorders associated to alcohol abuse. Another important factor is the lack of
      motivation shown by attending physicians to detect less obvious cases of alcohol
      dependence as they feel pessimistic about dealing with this condition.

PMID- 4064911
TI  - The transfer of alcohol tolerance, and its relation to reinforcement.
AB  - Four groups of five male social drinkers were trained on two different
      psychomotor tasks, a Pursuit Rotor (PR) and a Tracometer (T). They subsequently
      attended five drinking sessions where the same dose, 0.66 g absolute alcohol (ab
      alc)/kg, was administered. During these sessions, groups E and R received
      'tolerance training' on the PR task by performing it under drug and receiving 25
      cents reinforcement each time their score under alcohol was comparable to their
      drug-free level of achievement. The other two groups served as controls; group P
      performed the PR under alcohol but without reinforcement, and group A performed
      the PR with reinforcement but before alcohol was administered. The reduction of
      the drug-induced impairment of PR performance from Session 1-5 confirmed that
      groups E and R displayed significantly more tolerance than the controls. The
      effect of reinforcement on tolerance transfer to the T task was tested on Session
      5. Groups E, P and A received reinforcement for T performance, and group R
      received no reinforcement. Since the E group displayed significantly more
      transfer of tolerance than the remaining three groups, the evidence confirmed the
      prediction that alcohol tolerance acquired via reinforced practice under drug
      transfers to a new task most readily when this reinforcement is also present.

PMID- 4064912
TI  - Heart rate variability in withdrawing alcoholic patients.

PMID- 4064913
TI  - Effect of long-term nicotine treatment on [3H]nicotine binding sites in the rats
      brain.
AB  - Male rats were receiving nicotine (base), 50 mg/kg in their drinking fluid for 9
      and 41 weeks, respectively. A markedly reduced intake of fluid was observed
      during both regimes of nicotine treatment. At withdrawal of nicotine after 9
      weeks of treatment the intake of water was immediately increased up to control
      level while in rats with 41 weeks of exposure the intake of drinking fluid
      increased to 65% over the control level still 14 days after withdrawal of
      nicotine. Tolerance to nicotine was measured after 7 days of abstinence in rats
      treated for 9 weeks. No significant change in cholineacetyltransferase (ChAT)
      activity or number of muscarinic binding sites in brain was observed after 9 or
      41 weeks of nicotine treatment. Twenty-four hours after withdrawal from the 41
      weeks nicotine treatment there was a significant increase of 46% in the number of
      [3H] nicotine binding sites in the hippocampus while the number of binding sites
      was decreased by 44% in the cortex and unchanged in the midbrain. On day 14th of
      abstinence these changes had disappeared. Following 9 weeks of nicotine treatment
      no change in [3H] nicotine binding was observed after 24 h or 7 days of
      abstinence.

PMID- 4064914
TI  - Establishing a pharmacy-based therapeutic drug monitoring service.

PMID- 4064915
TI  - Switching monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
AB  - Substituting one monoamine oxidase inhibitor for another is recommended only
      after a drug-free interval to avoid hypertensive emergencies. The evidence and
      mechanism firmly supporting this caution is lacking. We report a case where
      monoamine oxidase inhibitors were substituted without apparent adverse
      consequences.

PMID- 4064916
TI  - Quinidine-nifedipine interaction.
AB  - Quinidine pharmacokinetics are known to be altered by a number of drugs. We
      present a case where dose-related increases in quinidine serum concentrations
      were significantly suppressed by concurrent nifedipine therapy. Clinicians should
      be alert to the possibility of an alteration in quinidine serum concentrations
      when instituting or discontinuing nifedipine in patients receiving quinidine.

PMID- 4064917
TI  - The effect of single doses of cimetidine on estimated hepatic blood flow.
AB  - Controversy exists as to whether H2-receptor antagonists decrease hepatic blood
      flow. This study examined the effect of single doses of cimetidine 300 and 600 mg
      po on apparent hepatic blood flow as estimated by indocyanine green (ICG)
      clearance. A double-blind, repeated-measure study was performed in nine supine
      healthy men. Following an overnight fast, placebo or cimetidine was administered
      one hour prior to ICG 0.5 mg/kg iv. Plasma samples were obtained serially for a
      period of 20 minutes following dye administration and stored at -70 degrees until
      high performance liquid chromatographic analysis. Cimetidine had no apparent
      effect on mean +/- SD ICG clearance following placebo, cimetidine 300 mg, and
      cimetidine 600 mg (366 +/- 66 vs. 336 +/- 55 vs. 350 +/- 58 ml/min/m2,
      respectively; NS). Corresponding values for estimated hepatic blood flow were 632
      +/- 109, 580 +/- 103, and 617 +/- 112 ml/min, respectively; NS. No statistically
      significant changes in ICG half-life or volume of distribution at steady state
      occurred as a function of treatment. Contrary to previous reports, single-dose
      cimetidine administration appeared to have no appreciable effect on hepatic blood
      flow. These results implicate cimetidine binding to the cytochrome P-450 system
      as the sole mechanism responsible for inhibition of the systemic clearance of co
      administered drugs metabolized by the liver.

PMID- 4064918
TI  - Estimation of the steady-state volume of distribution for digoxin: a comparison
      of model-independent methods with a two-compartment model in healthy volunteers.
AB  - Digoxin serum concentration vs. time data have been described in the literature
      by a linear two-compartment model. When calculating the steady-state volume of
      distribution for digoxin after oral dosing, a computer fitting program is often
      used because of the complex first-order absorption, two-compartment model
      employed. Since computer programs are not always available, we computed and
      compared the steady-state volume of distribution/bioavailability for digoxin
      using both a model-independent (area) and compartmental approach. Six healthy
      subjects participated in the study; each received digoxin 0.2 mg in capsule form
      daily for ten days. The mean steady-state volume of distribution/bioavailability
      calculated by noncompartmental analysis was 785 L and the mean for compartmental
      analysis was 784 L. The small difference between methods suggests that area
      analysis offers a simpler alternative to computerized compartmental fitting to
      determine this parameter for digoxin.

PMID- 4064919
TI  - Ineffectiveness of probenecid in theophylline kinetics and excretion.

PMID- 4064920
TI  - Extended half-life, second-generation cephalosporin in surgical prophylaxis.

PMID- 4064921
TI  - Second-generation cephalosporins.

PMID- 4064922
TI  - Psychotropic medication use in chronically mentally ill females.

PMID- 4064923
TI  - Pharmaceutical services at Sint Radboud Hospital.
AB  - This article describes a contemporary pharmaceutical and clinical pharmacy
      program at a major university medical center in The Netherlands. The service
      components described illustrate practice concepts on an international basis. The
      number of professional personnel and their training vary considerably among the
      nations, and this requires imagination in adapting practice concepts in various
      countries. Several types of technical persons are used to support the
      professional role of the pharmacist at Sint Radboud Hospital. Pharmaceutical
      research and international liaison are high priorities in the department of
      clinical pharmacy. Primary differences at Sint Radboud, as compared with U.S.
      hospitals, are the use of various supportive personnel and a continuing drug
      analysis/quality control program for commercial pharmaceuticals.

PMID- 4064924
TI  - Cough medicines.

PMID- 4064925
TI  - What can we expect the label to tell the patient?

PMID- 4064926
TI  - Prediction of the cause, effects, and prevention of drug-nutrient interactions
      using attributes and attribute values.
AB  - Drug-nutrient interactions and their adverse outcomes have previously been
      identified by observation, investigation, and literature reports. Knowing the
      attributes of the drugs, availability of knowledge base management systems for
      microcomputer use can facilitate prediction of the mechanism and the effects of
      drug-nutrient interactions. Examples used to illustrate this approach are
      prediction of lactose intolerance in drug-induced malabsorption, and prediction
      of the mechanism responsible for drug-induced flush reactions. In the future we
      see that there may be many opportunities to use this system further in the
      investigation of complex drug-nutrient interactions.

PMID- 4064927
TI  - A case history of myopathic carnitine deficiency benefited by glucocorticoids and
      L-carnitine supplementation.
AB  - While the term "drug-nutrient interactions" tends to conjure up a concept of an
      adverse combination, such as anticonvulsants impairing folate metabolism or
      alcohol blocking active thiamine absorption, there are situations in which a drug
      and nutrient can act in a complementary manner, to correct a metabolic defect.
      This case history illustrates such a positive interaction of glucocorticoids and
      L-carnitine supplements improving muscle function in a patient with myopathic
      carnitine deficiency.

PMID- 4064928
TI  - Antacid-induced hypophosphatemic rickets.

PMID- 4064929
TI  - Effect of diet on vitamin deficiencies in retarded individuals receiving drugs.
AB  - A population of mentally retarded and physically disabled individuals on long
      term therapy with anticonvulsant drugs had a high prevalence of folic acid and
      riboflavin deficiency, 20% and 17%, respectively, as they entered an institution
      devoted to their care. Their previous diet was probably nutritionally marginal,
      as it was cooked and prepared to baby food consistency, and milk was rarely
      given. They were fed in the recumbent position, resulting in frequent vomiting.
      In this institution, a carefully planned dietary regimen that was adequate in
      essential nutrients was fed by trained personnel. Drug therapy was continued.
      After a year no signs of folic acid or riboflavin deficiency were evident. We
      conclude that these weak vitamin antagonists may precipitate deficiencies on
      marginally adequate diets. A good dietary regimen prevented the appearance of
      these vitamin deficiencies.

PMID- 4064930
TI  - Different effects of different nutrients on theophylline absorption in man.
AB  - The influence of concomitant intake of a standardized breakfast (1,840 kJ) and of
      carbohydrate (830 kJ), fat (645 kJ), and protein (365 kJ) on the absorption of
      theophylline (400 mg) from a modern formulation of choline theophylline (4 X 135
      mg) was examined in 18 healthy volunteers. After fasting overnight, they ingested
      the drug both immediately after the meal/nutrient and on an empty stomach,
      fasting being continued for another 4 h. Theophylline concentrations in serum
      were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The results indicate that
      carbohydrate and the complete breakfast, but not fat or protein, delayed the
      absorption of theophylline. This is of particular interest as previous animal
      studies suggest that theophylline may be partially absorbed by an active
      transport mechanism operating in glucose uptake, and as carbohydrate has been
      found to increase the absorption rate of phenytoin, another acidic drug with a
      pKa similar to that of theophylline. This emphasizes the complexity of factors
      regulating the absorption of drugs and their interactions with food and dietary
      components.

PMID- 4064932
TI  - Effect of raw soy flour, feeding regime, and azaserine on rat pancreas.
AB  - The combined effects of feeding rats increasing amounts of raw soy four, feeding
      regime (ad libitum vs one meal per day), and injection of azaserine on the
      incidence of pancreatic nodules were investigated over a period of 12 months.
      Food consumption and body weights of meal-fed rats were lower than those of their
      ad libitum counterparts. The difference in body weight between the ad libitum and
      meal-fed rats became greater as the level of raw soy flour in the diet increased.
      Azaserine injections did not affect food consumption or body weight. The weights
      of the pancreas (gm/100 gm BW) increased parallel to the level of raw soy flour
      in the diet. The survival rate of rats on diets containing 19% and 42% raw soy
      flour was greater on the meal-fed regime than in the ad libitum group, but the
      converse was true when the diet contained 80% raw soy flour. The number and
      severity of pancreatic nodules observed in azaserine-injected animals surviving
      at the end of 12 months increased in relation to the level of raw soy flour in
      the diet and was enhanced at each level by meal feeding.

PMID- 4064931
TI  - Effects of cigarette smoke and dietary vitamin E levels on selected lung and
      hepatic biotransformation enzymes in mice.
AB  - Young male C57BL mice were exposed nose-only to cigarette smoke 20 min/day for 8
      weeks while maintained on diets containing 0, 5, and 100 ppm of vitamin E.
      Smoking had no effect on hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), UDP
      glucuronyltransferase, glutathione S-transferase, parathion desulfurase, or
      parathion esterase activity. Lung AHH activity was increased in all smoke-exposed
      mice, although the increase was significantly less in animals maintained on the
      vitamin E-free diet. All mice on the vitamin E-free diet showed reduced lung AHH
      activity and increased hepatic lipid peroxidation. No other biotransformations
      tested were significantly altered by varying vitamin E concentrations alone or in
      combination with cigarette smoke. For all vitamin E diets, both the smoke-exposed
      and sham-treated mice gained significantly less weight than the control animals.
      This effect was attributed to stress induced by restraint of the animals within
      the smoking apparatus. The results of these experiments show that both cigarette
      smoke and vitamin E-deficient diets may affect xenobiotic metabolism but that the
      combination does not appear to alter markedly their individual effects or to
      induce ones not previously observed.

PMID- 4064933
TI  - Differential effects of dietary selenium on hepatic and renal glutathione
      metabolism in the rat.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to determine whether or not dietary selenium (Se), as
      sodium selenite, at suboptimal (unsupplemented torula yeast diets, 0.02 ppm Se)
      or supplemented up to dietary excess, but nontoxic, levels (5.0 ppm Se) could
      selectively modify hepatic and renal reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and the
      enzymes involved in GSH metabolism. Male rats were provided torula yeast
      semipurified diets containing approximately 0.02 ppm Se in the basal diet and
      supplements of 0.1, 2.0, or 5.0 ppm Se for 3 or 6 weeks. Hepatic GSH increased in
      a nonlinear manner, with increasing dietary Se at both time points. Renal GSH was
      not similarly influenced. Neither hepatic nor renal gamma-glutamylcysteine
      synthetase or gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities are altered by supplements
      of Se. This suggests that synthetic and degradation enzyme activities are not
      influenced by Se. The capacity for the maintenance of GSH in the reduced state by
      glutathione reductase activity increased with increasing levels of dietary Se in
      the liver but not in the kidney. In both tissues greater Se supplements yielded
      greater tissue burdens of Se. These results suggest that GSH metabolism in
      hepatic and renal systems is differentially mediated, and the basis for these
      differences could be influenced by the relative levels in glutathione
      metabolizing enzymes.

PMID- 4064934
TI  - [Current status of the rehabilitation of post-mastectomy women in the Federal
      Republic of Germany].
AB  - The effectiveness of rehabilitation measures in acute in-patient clinics was
      assessed by questioning 220 women who had had a mastectomy. As criteria were
      used: function of the shoulder-arm region on the operated side; prevention of
      oedema and infection on the operated side; emotional support; supply of an
      external breast prosthesis. The results indicate that rehabilitation measures
      need to be improved. Deficiencies in counselling and supervision were noted with
      regard to oedema and infection prevention in 71%, emotional support in 69%, and
      supply of a prosthesis in 56%. The interviews also revealed that rehabilitation
      depended primarily on personal engagement of the medical personnel, less on the
      size and type of clinic. Increasing importance is ascribed to subsequent (long
      term) medical care and supervision, as is provided in the FRG under insurance
      regulations.

PMID- 4064935
TI  - [Critical assessment of light reflection rheography. Comparative studies of
      phlebodynamometry using invasive measurement of venous pressure,
      photoplethysmography and light reflection rheography].
AB  - In chronic venous insufficiency, phlebodynamometry by invasive venous-pressure
      measurement demonstrates a reduced pressure drop and an accelerated pressure
      rise, resulting from the action of the ankle-joint-calf muscle "pump". On the
      other hand, light-reflexion rheography and photoplethysmography can measure only
      the duration of the refilling period. Simultaneous measurements were made on 47
      legs after phlebography (normal: 8; side-arm varicosities: 17; long-saphenous
      insufficiency: 15; postthrombotic syndrome: 7). Refilling time by
      photoplethysmography correlated better with that measured invasively than by
      light-reflexion rheography. Refilling half-time cannot be measured accurately
      with either noninvasive method. Sclerosing treatment of single side-branch
      varicosities in ten legs demonstrated that merely measuring refilling time
      (invasively or noninvasively) was not sufficient, because this value did not
      indicate any improvement in haemodynamics even after successful treatment.

PMID- 4064936
TI  - [Problems concerning the need to treat hypertension in the aged].

PMID- 4064937
TI  - [AIDS in Germany: a failed challenge].

PMID- 4064938
TI  - [Continuous subcutaneous deferoxamine treatment in thalassemia major. Decrease of
      hemosiderosis and improvement of liver function].
AB  - Liver function during continuous subcutaneous deferoxamine therapy was
      investigated in 29 patients with homozygotic beta-thalassaemia. Average duration
      of treatment was 26 months (range 8-51 months). A decrease in haemosiderosis and
      an improvement in liver function was observed in 27 patients: Mean liver density,
      determined by computed tomography, decreased from 98 to 84 HU, mean serum
      ferritin concentration fell from 8028 to 3661 ng/ml, mean serum GOT activity from
      44 to 13 U/l and GPT from 51 to 16 U/l. Mean cholinesterase activity, reflecting
      the improved synthetic activity of the liver, increased from 4063 to 4530 U/l.

PMID- 4064939
TI  - [Pancreatic retinopathy].

PMID- 4064940
TI  - [Ethnic variations in essential hypertension. Anthropologic viewpoints].

PMID- 4064941
TI  - [Osteoporosis after long-term administration of corticoids].

PMID- 4064942
TI  - [Multiple colorectal polyps and risk of cancer].
AB  - The malignancy rate ("severe cellular atypia' and "invasive carcinoma' in
      adenomas and associated carcinoma) was determined in a retrospective study on 95
      patients, aged 28 to 97 years (median age 65 years), with colonoscopy findings
      showing multiple (more than 8) colorectal polyps. It amounted to 22% to 100% in
      patients with 8 and up to more than 50 polyps in the colorectum. The malignancy
      rate was "only' 3.7% to 11.8% based on the number of polyps in the individual
      patients and thus was about the same as in patients with an isolated or few
      polyps. Thus, malignancy rate increases with number of polyps (by far the
      majority adenomas). Endoscopy showed the presence of gastric polyps in eleven of
      the 95 patients (11.6%) with multiple colorectal polyps. With the exception of
      one "borderline lesion' they were benign, showing no definite tendency towards
      malignancy. After endoscopic ectomy of the multiple polyps surgical treatment
      (procto-mucosectomy, segment resection, hemicolectomy or colectomy) was necessary
      in 37 patients (39%).

PMID- 4064943
TI  - [Long-term study of women with biopsy-proven mastopathy].
AB  - Out of a total of 1306 women (average age 42 years) with a biopsy proven
      mastopathy, manifest ipsilateral carcinoma occurred in 13 during the following 6
      years. Thus the incidence of carcinoma differed little from the expected number
      of new cases in women of a comparable age. However, subdivision of breast lesions
      into simple (n = 1052) and proliferative (n = 254) forms showed that the
      carcinoma risk is double in proliferative mastopathy and fourfold higher when
      mastopathy with atypical epithelial proliferation is considered. An association
      with contraceptive hormones was not seen.

PMID- 4064944
TI  - [Liability for diagnostic errors].

PMID- 4064945
TI  - [Peripheral neurotoxicity of benzene derivatives].

PMID- 4064946
TI  - Immunotoxicological investigations in the mouse: general approach and methods.
AB  - The adverse effects of chemicals on the lymphoreticular system have generated
      considerable toxicological interest. In this series of papers, the effects of
      selected environmentally relevant compounds are reported. This first paper
      describes the methods and general approach used in judging a chemical's potential
      risk to the immune system. Risk evaluation was approached utilizing acute, 14-
      and 90-day studies. Both sexes of the CD-1 random-bred mouse were employed. The
      immune system was evaluated against a background of more standard toxicological
      parameters, which included fluid consumption, body and organ weights, hematology,
      serum and liver chemistries, hepatic microsomal enzyme activities and blood
      coagulation. Bone marrow status was evaluated by assessing DNA synthesis. Humoral
      immunity was evaluated by determining the number of IgM spleen antibody-forming
      cells (AFC) to sheep erythrocytes (sRBC), the serum antibody level to sRBC, and
      spleen lymphocyte response to the B cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The
      status of cell-mediated immunity was assessed by quantitating the delayed type
      hypersensitivity (DTH) response to sRBC, proliferation of the popliteal lymph
      node, and the spleen cell response to the T lymphocyte mitogen, Concanavalin A
      (Con A). Macrophage function was evaluated by measurement of the vascular
      clearance rate and distribution of radiolabeled sRBC in the liver, spleen, lungs,
      and thymus, and recruitability, adherence, chemotaxis, and phagocytic activity of
      peritoneal exudate cells (PEC). Historical control data from six 14- and 90-day
      studies conducted over a one year period are given. The data resulting from these
      types of studies can provide a basis for the initial evaluation of a chemical's
      adverse effect on the immune system.

PMID- 4064947
TI  - Toxicology of 1,1,2-trichloroethane in the mouse.
AB  - 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (TCE) was administered to male and female CD-1 mice to
      evaluate its effect on standard toxicological parameters. Following determination
      of the acute LD50 (378 mg/kg in males and 491 mg/kg in females), and a 14-day
      range-finding study, a 90-day drinking water study was performed in which the
      doses consumed were 4.4, 46, and 305 mg/kg for males and 3.9, 44, and 384 mg/kg
      for females. The liver was a target of TCE toxicity in both sexes as demonstrated
      by dose-dependent alterations in hepatic microsomal enzyme activities and serum
      enzyme levels. The erythroid element of the female mice was also affected, as
      indicated by significantly decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin levels.

PMID- 4064948
TI  - Humoral and cell-mediated immune status of mice exposed to 1,1,2-trichloroethane.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the immunological effects of 1,1,2
      trichloroethane (TCE) on random-bred CD-1 mice following 14 and 90 days of oral
      exposure. A toxicological evaluation conducted at the same time revealed the
      target organs to be the liver of both sexes and the erythroid elements of the
      females. The 14-day immunological range-finding study in males exposed to doses
      1/10 and 1/100 the LD50 (38 and 3.8 mg/kg) revealed no alterations in either
      humoral or cell-mediated immune status. Following 90 days of exposure in the
      drinking water (4.4., 46, and 305 mg/kg for males and 3.9, 44, and 384 mg/kg for
      females), a more detailed series of immunological parameters was assessed. Cell
      mediated immunity was unaltered in both sexes, while humoral immune status was
      depressed in both sexes, particularly when determined by hemagglutination titers.
      Macrophage function was depressed only in the males as indicated by the ability
      of thioglycolate-recruited peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) to phagocytize sheep
      erythrocytes (sRBC).

PMID- 4064949
TI  - Toxicology of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene in the mouse.
AB  - Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE) was administered to male and female CD-1 mice in
      order to evaluate its effects on standard toxicological parameters. Following an
      acute LD50 determination (2122 mg/kg in males and 2391 mg/kg in females) and a 14
      day range-finding study, a 90-day drinking water study was performed using levels
      of DCE calculated to deliver approximately 1/100, 1/10, and 1/5 the LD50. Various
      toxicological assessments were made, including body and organ weights,
      hematology, serum chemistries, and hepatic microsomal activities. Few alterations
      were observed in either sex following 90 days of exposure. The most noteworthy
      changes occurred in the males exposed to the highest level of DCE, where there
      was a significant decrease in glutathione levels, and in the females exposed to
      all three DCE levels, where there was a significant decrease in aniline
      hydroxylase activity. These data served as background for the immunotoxicological
      evaluation presented in the following manuscript.

PMID- 4064950
TI  - Humoral and cell-mediated immune status of mice exposed to trans-1,2
      dichloroethylene.
AB  - This study assessed possible adverse immunological effects of trans-1,2
      dichloroethylene (DCE) on random-bred CD-1 mice following 14 and 90 days of
      exposure. A 14-day range-finding study was performed on male mice by gavage at
      doses 1/10 and 1/100 the LD50 (210 and 21 mg/kg). No alterations in either
      humoral or cell-mediated immunity were observed following this exposure. A 90-day
      study was conducted in which DCE was administered in the drinking water of male
      and female mice. The levels of DCE in the drinking water were calculated to
      deliver levels equivalent to, and higher than, those delivered for 14 days (17,
      175, and 387 mg/kg for males and 23, 224, and 452 mg/kg for females). No changes
      were observed in the cell-mediated immune status of either sex or in the humoral
      immune status of females. However, a marked suppression in humoral immune status
      was observed in male mice exposed to all three levels of DCE, as indicated by a
      decreased ability of spleen cells to produce antibody against sheep erythrocytes
      (sRBC). Macrophage function was depressed only in females, as indicated by the
      decreased ability of thioglycollate-recruited peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) to
      phagocytize sRBC.

PMID- 4064951
TI  - Current management of leg ulcers.
AB  - Leg ulceration is a common disease which is developed countries is age-related
      and a consequence of venous hypertension. Therapy should be founded on elevation
      of the leg and on exercise. Drug therapy is aimed at promoting granulation tissue
      and epithelialisation. However, the ulcer bed and surrounding skin is vulnerable
      and the clinician's first objective is to do no harm. The choice of a drug should
      therefore take into account its possible side effects.

PMID- 4064952
TI  - Ultrastructural investigation into the influence of ethanol on synaptic
      maturation in rat neocortex. II. Quantitative analysis.
AB  - Male rats were exposed to ethanol vapour daily from 3 days of age, and their
      brains were examined at 7, 14, 21, 56 and 76 days postnatally. Control animals
      were examined at each age, with ethanol-rehabilitated animals being examined at
      56 and 76 postnatal days. Tissue, stained with osmium tetroxide and with
      ethanolic-phosphotungstic acid, from the parietal cortex of each animal was
      analyzed by quantitative ultrastructural techniques. Most of the statistically
      significant findings occurred at days 56 and 76. When compared with controls,
      ethanol-treated material at 56 days was characterized by a decrease in the number
      of synapses which were larger and more spherical, with a greater number of
      synaptic vesicles and a decrease in dense projections. At 76 days there was an
      increase in the percentage of axospinous-symmetrical terminals in the ethanol
      treated population. In ethanol-rehabilitated tissue at 56 days the synaptic
      terminals were relatively immature, and were smaller, with a reduced number of
      synaptic vesicles coupled with an increase in large cisternae and with more
      positively curved junctions. By 76 days this material was practically
      indistinguishable from control tissue. It is proposed that at 56 days of age
      synaptic remodelling is under way in the ethanol-treated material, whereas
      following rehabilitation the terminals are relatively immature and appear to be
      actively functioning. Low to moderate levels of ethanol administered postnatally
      have a limited effect on synaptic maturation.

PMID- 4064953
TI  - Maturational changes in the auditory system as reflected in human brainstem
      evoked responses.
AB  - The maturation of the human auditory afferent pathways as measured by the
      auditory brainstem response may be useful in newborns and infants. This method
      shows promise of being highly objective in evaluating the maturational processes
      and in detecting the threshold for auditory responsivity, which is lower than
      that obtained either by cortical events or by behavioral tests.

PMID- 4064954
TI  - Ultrastructural investigation into the influence of ethanol on synaptic
      maturation in rat neocortex. I. Qualitative assessment.
AB  - Male rats were exposed daily to ethanol vapour from 3 days of age, and their
      brains were examined at 7, 14, 21, 56 and 76 days postnatally. Control animals
      were examined at each age, and ethanol-rehabilitated animals were examined at 56
      and 76 days postnatally. Tissue from the parietal cortex of each animal stained
      with osmium tetroxide and with ethanolic-phosphotungstic acid (E-PTA) was
      analyzed by qualitative ultrastructural techniques. The ethanol flow rate in the
      incubation chamber was adjusted to maintain the blood ethanol level as close as
      possible to 0.1 g/100 ml. Ethanol-treated rats weighed less than ethanol
      rehabilitated animals at days 56 and 76. At day 7 synapses were formed between
      axons and dendritic growth cones, dendritic shafts and filopodia in control and
      ethanol-treated tissue. At days 14 and 21 well-developed axodendritic and
      axospinous synapses were evident in both groups. The neuropil of 56- and 76-day
      old material was similar in the control and treatment groups, except that there
      was an enlargement of dendritic profiles in the 56-day-old ethanol-treated
      material. Perforated synapses were most common in 56-day-old ethanol-treated
      material, with degenerating synapses most common in 56-day-old (and to a lesser
      extent 76-day-old) ethanol-rehabilitated material. No obvious differences were
      detected between any of the groups of the E-PTA-stained material. The presence of
      degenerating and perforated synapses suggests that synaptic remodelling is
      occurring, and this may be a means of adapting synaptic mechanisms to the
      functional demands imposed by ethanol.

PMID- 4064955
TI  - [Cryptosporidiosis].

PMID- 4064956
TI  - [Computerized tomography and isotope scanning in the diagnosis of primary
      hyperaldosteronism].

PMID- 4064957
TI  - [Surgical treatment of colonic and rectal cancer].

PMID- 4064958
TI  - [Alveolar microlithiasis--roentgen findings].

PMID- 4064960
TI  - [Management of paranoid symptoms in the elderly].

PMID- 4064959
TI  - [Celiac disease and malignant histiocytosis of the intestines].

PMID- 4064961
TI  - [Aging and dementia].

PMID- 4064962
TI  - [Alzheimer's disease].

PMID- 4064963
TI  - [Vascular dementia].

PMID- 4064964
TI  - [Apoplexy in advanced age].

PMID- 4064965
TI  - [Depression in the elderly].

PMID- 4064966
TI  - [Acute confusion in geriatric patients].

PMID- 4064967
TI  - [Common ophthalmic diseases in the elderly].

PMID- 4064968
TI  - [Hearing loss in the elderly].

PMID- 4064969
TI  - [Disorders of thyroid function in the elderly].

PMID- 4064970
TI  - [Urinary incontinence in the elderly].

PMID- 4064971
TI  - [Nutrition in the elderly].

PMID- 4064972
TI  - [Day and week hospital care in the support of the elderly].

PMID- 4064973
TI  - Sclerosing basal cell carcinoma of the face.

PMID- 4064974
TI  - Diffuse mandibular enlargement caused by osteitis deformans.

PMID- 4064975
TI  - Vocal nodules in children.

PMID- 4064976
TI  - Mixed cavernous and capillary hemangioma of the frontal bone.

PMID- 4064977
TI  - Supraglottic edema in laryngeal papilloma: a clinical and morphologic study.

PMID- 4064978
TI  - Endoscopy in a patient with myotonic dystrophy.

PMID- 4064979
TI  - Neurilemmoma of the nasoethmoid region.

PMID- 4064980
TI  - Actinomycotic otitis externa.

PMID- 4064981
TI  - Giant tonsillolith.

PMID- 4064982
TI  - A re-evaluation of the conventional approach to hearing aid evaluations.

PMID- 4064983
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of nasal allergy.

PMID- 4064984
TI  - Glottic carcinomas: a retrospective study of 101 cases.

PMID- 4064985
TI  - Predicting recovery in Bell's palsy.

PMID- 4064986
TI  - Primary Crohn's disease of the oropharynx.

PMID- 4064987
TI  - Ethmoid sinus fibrosarcoma arising as a frontal mucocele.

PMID- 4064988
TI  - Scleromatous lymphadenitis.

PMID- 4064989
TI  - Transformation of papillary carcinoma.

PMID- 4064991
TI  - Polypoidal nasal lesions.

PMID- 4064990
TI  - Avulsions of the auricle.

PMID- 4064992
TI  - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the larynx.

PMID- 4064993
TI  - Maternal nutrition in pregnancy and later achievement of offspring: a personal
      interpretation.

PMID- 4064994
TI  - Discrimination of taste and preference for sweet in premature babies.
AB  - A modified method for registering non-nutritive sucking behaviour with and
      without taste stimulation enabled us to study taste perception of premature
      babies. We wanted to study how babies who had no extrauterine taste experience
      reacted to one or more stimuli with water and 33% glucose. Eight randomly
      selected healthy newborns (three of them being SGA without further symptoms),
      exclusively fed by gastric tube, were studied. The mean gestational age at the
      time of the study was 35.5 weeks. They were studied five times with water and
      five times with glucose just before feeding. In seven babies the sucking response
      to glucose was greater than that to water from the first trial onwards. Sucking
      response increased with repeated glucose stimulation, but remained the same with
      water stimulation. The eighth baby behaved completely differently. We concluded
      from our results that premature babies with a postconceptional age of 35 weeks
      can discriminate between sweet and not-sweet. The greater sucking response to
      glucose than to water at the first trial implies a genetic factor in the
      preference for sweet in humans.

PMID- 4064995
TI  - Heart rate response related to body movements in healthy and neurologically
      damaged infants during sleep.
AB  - Sixteen infants were studied with the static charge sensitive bed (SCSB) method.
      This method is newly developed for neonatal recordings and it allows recording of
      body movements, respiration and of the ballistocardiographic signal. Eight
      healthy newborn infants and eight infants with clear neurological dysfunction
      were recorded and the heart rate acceleration-deceleration responses to body
      movements during sleep were studied. Healthy infants had a constant heart rate
      response to body movements but infants with neurological symptoms had either too
      weak or hyperactive reactions. This finding can be explained by abnormal function
      of the autonomic nervous system in infants with disturbance of the central
      nervous system.

PMID- 4064996
TI  - Incidence and risk factors for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus among inborn
      very-low-birth-weight infants.
AB  - The incidence of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (sPDA) in very-low-birth
      weight infants has been reported almost exclusively from referral centers.
      Moreover, the incidence has varied considerably. We prospectively evaluated the
      incidence and risk factors of sPDA in a totally inborn population of infants less
      than or equal to 1500 g birth weight (n = 120) receiving conservative fluid
      management and examined the role of echocardiography in predicting sPDA before
      clinical signs are evident. The incidence of sPDA was relatively low (16%) and
      the age at onset was relatively late (mean +/- S.E. = 14.7 +/- 3.0 days) when
      compared to prior reports. Echocardiographic changes preceded physical and
      radiographic findings of sPDA. Fluid volume within the range administered to our
      infants was unrelated to the occurrence of sPDA. However, risk factors
      identifiable within 24 h of birth were defined: obstetric estimate of gestational
      age, race, mean fluid volume intake in the initial 24 h, and early treatment with
      volume expanders. From these risk factors, 79% of infants with sPDA and 79%
      without sPDA could be predicted by stepwise discriminant function analyses. These
      findings may be employed in studies needed to assess the benefit of early
      surgical or pharmacologic therapy for infants at highest risk for sPDA.

PMID- 4064997
TI  - The association of parity and birth weight: testing the sensitization hypothesis.
AB  - The increase in birth weight with parity was studied in sibships of 2, 3, and 4
      children using large samples from the Norwegian Birth Registry. Families with
      full sibs were compared to families with maternal half-sibs. The sensitization
      hypothesis of Warburton and Naylor predicts no increase in birth weight with
      parity when the mother changes mate. The hypothesis was not supported by the
      data, since similar increases in birth weight with parity were found in both
      types of families. A small effect of the sex of the first child on the birth
      weight of the later born children was observed.

PMID- 4064998
TI  - No significant difference in birth weight for offspring of birth weight
      discordant monozygotic female twins.
AB  - Birth weights of offspring of 105 female, monozygotic twin pairs discordant in
      birth weight were studied. No significant differences were found when offspring
      of the larger twin were compared with offspring of the smaller twin. The results
      do not support the hypothesis that in utero effects on females associated with
      low birth weight will influence their subsequent chance of having low birth
      weight offspring.

PMID- 4064999
TI  - Mothers and newborns: dyadic interactions in different socio-economic groups in
      Israel.
AB  - The interactive behaviour of 61 mother-neonate pairs of different socio-economic
      status (SES) were examined. Very few SES-related differences were found. The
      overall frequency of maternal and neonate behaviour was similar in both SES
      groups. Low SES pairs were more likely than high SES pairs to act simultaneously
      whenever the infant was vocalizing. Country of origin of mothers was found to be
      correlated with their SES. Western mothers were more likely than Middle-Eastern
      mothers to vocalize when the infant was silent and quiet, a pattern which seems
      to be in accord with their belief in their ability to influence the development
      of speech. This exploratory study suggests that the cultural background of
      mothers may manifest its effects on very early interactions, mostly on the timing
      and responsiveness of the pair's behaviour. A modified design and observation
      procedure is required to answer further questions raised by this exploration.

PMID- 4065000
TI  - A quantification of child care and infant-caregiver interaction in a West-African
      village.
AB  - We have investigated infant-caregiver interactions in an isolated African
      subsistence farming community where women perform arduous agricultural tasks in
      addition to their normal domestic duties which include child care. 49 babies aged
      3-18 months were studied on one or two occasions. Detailed observations were made
      of the level of care and of positive and negative stimulation offered to the
      child. Children were left in the charge of young nursemaids for up to 40% of the
      day while the mothers tended the crops. Despite this the total amount of positive
      and negative stimulation and care were similar whether or not the mother was
      engaged in fieldwork on the day of study. Grandmothers and fathers were both
      relatively unimportant caregivers. Total positive stimulation did not increase
      with age; on the contrary, young babies (3-9 months of age) were offered more
      positive stimulation and less negative stimulation than older ones (12-18
      months). A positive correlation was found between total positive stimulation and
      developmental quotient (assessed by the Griffiths test). Similar amounts of care
      were given at all ages and there was no difference in the treatment of the two
      sexes.

PMID- 4065001
TI  - Classification of clefting deformity.
AB  - The classification of clefting deformity should be descriptively clear and have
      an embryological basis. Clinicians who use Veau classification make comparisons
      difficult and confusions can arise. Many proposals for grouping the various
      categories of the deformity have been put forward, the one suggested by Kernahan
      and Stark (Plastic Reconstruct. Surg., 22 (1958) 435-441) being the most
      comprehensive. The classification described here is modified from Kernahan and
      Stark and is becoming more widely used as it is both simple and embryologically
      sound.

PMID- 4065002
TI  - [Effects of thymosin on the humoral immune response to antibody-dependent cell
      cytotoxicity].

PMID- 4065003
TI  - [Morphological and biometric changes in the spleen and liver of mice after
      exposure to 2 synthetic immunostimulants].

PMID- 4065004
TI  - [Experimental research on Berberis vulgaris].

PMID- 4065005
TI  - [Organ-dependent sulfhydryl group reduction in acute mercury poisoning and the
      effects of mono- and dithiol antidotes and the protein hydrolysate Khidroprot].

PMID- 4065006
TI  - [Experimental research on the hepatoprotective activity of flavonoids isolated
      from Amorpha fructiosa].

PMID- 4065007
TI  - [Purple membranes as a model system for research on photoreception processes. II.
      The bioelectrical characteristics of purple membranes].

PMID- 4065008
TI  - [A method for determining DNA antibodies in serum by a solid-phase immunoenzyme
      technic].

PMID- 4065009
TI  - [Species, seasonal and age-related characteristics of serum and liver lipids and
      lipoproteins in animals susceptible and resistant to atherosclerosis--rats and
      rabbits].

PMID- 4065010
TI  - [Age- and sex-related characteristics of plasma and myocardial lipids in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)].

PMID- 4065011
TI  - [Lipid composition of the high-density lipoproteins in rabbits with experimental
      hyperlipoproteinemia].

PMID- 4065012
TI  - [Blood sugar and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) in rats after thymectomy].

PMID- 4065013
TI  - [Pharmacologically conditioned positive effect on the recovery process following
      exhausting physical loading].

PMID- 4065014
TI  - [Rare case of a double descending aorta in an adult].

PMID- 4065015
TI  - [Comparative analysis of the malignancy of tumors in mice induced by 20
      methylcholanthrene].
AB  - Malignancy of 13 cell cultures cultivated in vitro was studied. 11 cultures were
      induced by subcutaneous injection of 20-methylcholanthrene to 3 lines of mice.
      The malignancy was studied by transplantability, growth rate and metastasis
      formation after subcutaneous injection of a various cell number into normal and
      sublethally irradiated syngenic mice. A convenient model for studying the
      significance of certain immunological properties of tumour cells in determination
      of the malignancy was obtained.

PMID- 4065016
TI  - [Effect of ethanol on the hepatocarcinogenic action of N-nitrosodiethylamine in
      rats].
AB  - It is shown that the administration of ethanol to male Wistar rats (3 g/kg by
      gastric tube 3 times a week for 2 months) before or at the beginning of the N
      nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) treatment (2.5 mg/kg 6 times a week in drinking water)
      reduces the hepatocarcinogenicity of NDEA. This was expressed macroscopically by
      less important neoplastic changes and biochemically by the higher glucose-6
      phosphatase and lower glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities in the liver.

PMID- 4065017
TI  - [Ultrastructural characteristics of chondroblastomas].
AB  - The ultrastructure of chondroblastomas and two new ultrastructural peculiarities
      typical of the given form of tumours are described. Being typical but not
      constant these peculiarities may be an additional argument indicating that such
      cells may be regarded as chondroblastoma cells. The ultrastructure of these cells
      is similar to that of normal epiphyseal chondrocytes and differs from the
      ultrastructure of chondrosarcoma cells.

PMID- 4065018
TI  - [Cellular proliferation kinetics of Walker carcinosarcoma, Zajdela's ascitic
      hepatoma and their metastases to the lymph nodes].
AB  - The cell cycle of Walker carcinoma, Zajdela's hepatoma and their metastases into
      regional lymph nodes are studied. It is shown that cell cycle of metastases is
      shorter and the labeling index is higher than in primary tumours. The cell cycle
      shortening in Walker carcinosarcoma metastases is associated with a decrease in
      the duration of all its phases. The cell cycle of Zajdela's hepatoma metastases
      decreases with the S-phase length. The cell loss factor of primary tumours is
      less than that of their metastases. The results of the autoradiographic study
      correlate with the previously studied sensitivity of primary tumours and
      metastases to chemotherapy.

PMID- 4065019
TI  - [Specific growth rate and macrophagal infiltration of experimental tumors].
AB  - The relationship between the macrophage infiltration and the specific growth rate
      of tumours was studied by the technique of spontaneous migration of
      lymphoreticular cells from tissue fragments. In the case of dimethylnitrosamine
      induced rat kidney tumours and Ehrlich solid tumour in mice the increased
      migration of activated macrophages was associated with the average specific
      growth rate. The macrophage infiltration of tumours and systemic immune
      reactivity to tumour-associated antigens depend probably on tumour cell kinetics.

PMID- 4065020
TI  - [Hematopoietic changes in mice with transplantable Lewis lung carcinoma].
AB  - The cell composition of bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood as well as the
      content of early granulocytic and macrophagal precursor cells forming colonies in
      agar cultures in diffusion chambers in vivo (CFU-DC) were studied in C57B1/6 mice
      during the Lewis carcinoma growth after subcutaneous transplantation of tumour
      cells. It has been shown that in peripheral blood of such mice neutrophilic
      leucocytosis develops and the content of CFU-DC increases considerably. The
      spleen has become a source of surplus production of granulocytic and macrophagal
      cells from the early precursors (CFU-DC) to the mature cell forms with their
      delivery to the peripheral blood. No essential changes in the cell composition
      and CFU-DC content were found in the bone marrow of femur.

PMID- 4065021
TI  - [Spontaneous formation of mixed-cell colonies in the cultivation of hematopoietic
      cells on soft agar].
AB  - The spontaneous formation of mixed colonies on soft agar was found on the 7-8th
      days of the bone marrow cell cultivation. The observed colonies differ from those
      obtained by Fauser and Messner (1980, 1981) in the independence of any
      stimulators and faster development in the presence of a stromal underlayer. The
      stromal underlayer has the typical morphological structure: its cells are
      compactly packed in the form of a skein with stromal mechanocytes among them.

PMID- 4065022
TI  - [Quantitative immunoenzyme determination of the lactoferrin and alpha-lactalbumin
      in the blood serum of cancer patients].
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been used for quantitative
      determination of lactoferrin (Lf) and alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-La) in human blood
      serum. The mean concentration of Lf in normal serum was 265 +/- 21 ng/ml and that
      of alpha-La did not exceed 5 ng/ml. The increased Lf level (above 450 ng/ml) was
      found in 16 of 30 (53%) patients with gastrointestinal cancer, in 11 of 25 (44%)-
      with lung cancer, in 13 of 42 (31%)--with breast cancer and more rarely--in other
      cancer patients. The increased alpha-La level (above 5.0 mg/ml) was found in 5 of
      42 patients with breast cancer and very rarely--in other cancer patients. A
      conclusion is drawn that serological measurements of Lf and alpha-La were of no
      diagnostic value for breast cancer.

PMID- 4065023
TI  - [Steroid hormone receptors and cellular proliferative activity following the
      short-term use of tamoxifen and chlorotrianisene in breast cancer].
AB  - The content of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), the
      proliferative pool level in the tumour tissue were investigated in 6 patients
      with the disseminated breast tumour before and after 9-day treatment with
      tamoxifen and chlorotrianisene for intensification of the effect of cytostatic
      preparations. A significant increase of the DNA synthesis intensity and
      proliferative pool value is observed in ER+ tumours of 2 patients. An increase of
      the PR level in tumour biopsies was registered in 2 patients. A decrease of the
      ER+ level was detected in ER+ tumours in all three patients.

PMID- 4065025
TI  - Extracellular potentials around active excitable structures with short geometric
      inhomogeneities.

PMID- 4065024
TI  - [Local immunoregulatory action of malignant tumors].
AB  - It is suggested that the products of tumour metabolism are able of changing the
      electrokinetic parameters of lymphoid cells, thus providing the favourable growth
      conditions for the tumour. The studies have been carried out with ascites strain
      of the ovary tumour. It is shown that ascite liquid increases the electrophoretic
      mobility of the lymphoid cells in vivo and of blood lymphocytes of control rats
      (especially of old animals) in vitro. The changes in electrokinetic parameters of
      the lymphoid cells may be a cause of insufficient response of the local immune
      reactions.

PMID- 4065026
TI  - Statistical analysis of tremor power spectra in spinal muscular atrophy patients.

PMID- 4065027
TI  - The ratio of the amplitude of the EMP at distal stimulation to that at proximal
      in the diagnosis of subclinical neuropathy.

PMID- 4065028
TI  - Electrophysiological evaluation of congenital myotonia.

PMID- 4065029
TI  - Some inadequacies and errors arising from the use of increased latencies for
      defining abnormality of short latency somatosensory evoked responses.

PMID- 4065030
TI  - Evaluation of the state of the peripheral neurone in patients with alcohol
      dependence syndrome (method of recording graduated potentials from the median
      nerve).

PMID- 4065031
TI  - Influence of the fibre end on the calculated extracellular potentials of single
      muscle fibres.

PMID- 4065032
TI  - A recruitment study for the discrimination of neurogenic from myopathic muscles.

PMID- 4065033
TI  - High basal expression and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine regulation of messenger
      ribonucleic acid S14 in lipogenic tissues.
AB  - We recently reported that T3 and the high carbohydrate lipogenic diet elicit a
      brisk and marked increase in the rat liver mRNA coding for the cytosolic protein
      Spot 14 (17,010 mol wt; 4.9 pI). By means of a hybridization assay, we have shown
      that the response of hepatic mRNAS14 to T3 and dietary manipulation is analogous
      to the response of many hepatic lipogenic enzymes. We extend our previous studies
      by examining mRNAS14 expression and regulation in other lipogenic and
      nonlipogenic tissues. The relative levels of mRNAS14 expression in three fat
      depots (epididymal, retroperitoneal, and brown fat) and lactating mammary gland
      are 10- and 4-fold higher, respectively, than that in euthyroid male liver.
      Expression of mRNAS14 in liver, epididymal fat, and mammary gland is augmented by
      T3, whereas feeding a lipogenic diet augments mRNAS14 in liver and fat only. In
      contrast, the relative levels of mRNAS14 in various nonlipogenic tissues (brain,
      heart, kidney, lung, spleen, testes, and pituitary) are 7% that in liver or less.
      Neither diet nor thyroid status influenced mRNAS14 levels in the nonlipogenic
      tissues. We also found that hepatic mRNAS14 in the 15-day-old rat is expressed at
      0.3% of the adult (2-month) hepatic level and increases 186-fold from 15 to 30
      days of age. We speculate that low levels of mRNAS14 in neonatal rat liver may be
      due to high fat in the milk diet. The presence of high basal levels of mRNAS14 in
      lipogenic tissues and its regulation by T3 and diet suggest that the Spot 14
      protein may play an important role in some aspect of synthesis, metabolism,
      transport, or storage of lipid used in energy production. Further, our results
      emphasize that the presence of T3 receptors in a tissue is not sufficient to
      confer T3 regulation of mRNAS14 expression. Additional tissue-specific factors
      are required for the regulation of the Spot 14 gene.

PMID- 4065034
TI  - Protein utilization in growth: effect of calorie deficiency on serum growth
      hormone, somatomedins, total thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine, free T4 index,
      and total corticosterone.
AB  - We have studied the effect of a calorie-restricted diet on the growth of young
      rats and on serum levels of GH, somatomedins (insulin-like growth factors I and
      II), total T4 and T3, free T4 index, and total corticosterone. Experimental rats
      consumed the same quantities of protein and carbohydrate as control animals, but
      less fat, so that their calorie intake was approximately 76% that of controls.
      The mean (+/- SEM) GH level in the experimental group (78 +/- 21 ng/ml) was not
      significantly different from that in the control group (89 +/- 31 ng/ml). In
      contrast, serum total insulin-like growth factor and insulin-like growth factor
      IGF-I, while not correlated with serum GH, were significantly correlated with age
      and body weight (r = 0.93 and r = 0.69, respectively; P less than 0.01). The
      levels of these somatomedins in the calorie-restricted rats were significantly
      lower than those in their age-matched, but not weight-matched, controls after
      approximately 2 weeks of study. Serum T4, T3, and free T4 index were all
      significantly reduced in the experimental animals and may represent an adaptive
      response to calorie restriction. Serum corticosterone levels in the experimental
      and control rats were essentially identical. In this study, by restricting
      calorie intake we have compromised the ability of growing rats to use dietary
      protein anabolically, creating a useful model to examine in some detail
      nutritional influences on growth and the growth-promoting endocrine system.

PMID- 4065035
TI  - Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase associated with the
      cytoskeleton of adrenal tumor cells.
AB  - Preparations of cytoskeleton from Y-1 cells were found to phosphorylate various
      cytoskeletal proteins when incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP. When cAMP was added to
      the cytoskeleton, a rapid increase in phosphorylation of cytoskeletal protein was
      observed, and changes were seen in the phosphorylation of individual proteins;
      four additional proteins were phosphorylated (mol wt, 165,000, 92,000, 45,000,
      and 24,000) and three proteins were more intensely phosphorylated than without
      cAMP (mol wt, 125,000, 51,000, and 38,000). In addition, one protein (mol wt,
      96,000) that was intensely phosphorylated without cAMP was not phosphorylated
      with the cyclic nucleotide, and a second (mol wt, 48,000) was less
      phosphorylated. The increased level of total phosphorylation returned to the
      unstimulated level within 10 min. The increased phosphorylation of proteins
      produced by cAMP was inhibited by protein kinase inhibitor. cAMP-dependent
      protein kinase activity was closely associated with the cytoskeleton, since it
      was not removed by Triton X-100 (1%, wt/vol), although some activity could be
      extracted with buffer containing high concentrations of salt. When the
      cytoskeleton of Y-1 cells was subjected to treatments that disrupt the
      cytoskeleton before the cells were extracted (cytochalasin B, colchicine, and
      sonication), no change was seen in cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity.
      However, cytochalasin B increased phosphorylation of two proteins that were not
      phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent kinase (mol wt, 63,000 and 43,000). Sonication
      of the cytoskeleton before addition of [gamma-32P]ATP caused a number of changes
      in cAMP-independent phosphorylation, but did not affect cAMP-dependent
      phosphorylation. cAMP-dependent phosphorylation required Mg2+ and was inhibited
      by Ca2+. It is concluded that the cytoskeleton of Y-1 cells contains bound cAMP
      dependent protein kinase that phosphorylates certain cytoskeleton proteins. The
      cytoskeleton also contains one or more cAMP-independent kinase systems. It is
      suggested that the cAMP-dependent protein kinase described here may be important
      in the cytoskeletal responses to ACTH.

PMID- 4065036
TI  - Kinetic studies on ovarian C-17,20-lyase activity: effect of luteinizing hormone
      surge.
AB  - It has been shown that 3 h after the preovulatory gonadotropin surge, an abrupt
      decrease occurs in follicular C-17,20-lyase (lyase) activity which causes a
      decrease in C19-steroid production. To determine the reason for the reduced lyase
      activity, we used rats that were induced to ovulate by means of PMSG
      administration. In these rats, a 54% decrease in lyase activity occurred at the
      peak of the LH surge. When the gonadotropin surge and ovulation were blocked by
      pentobarbitone the decrease was prevented. Administration of LH to the
      pentobarbitone-blocked rats reduced lyase activity to well below the level
      reached after the endogenous gonadotropin surge. In cycling proestrous rats as
      well, human CG (hCG) decreased the lyase activity, as measured in isolated
      follicles 3 h after hCG administration. Out of three potential inhibitory
      steroids for lyase activity; progesterone, 3 alpha,17 alpha-dihydroxy-5 alpha
      pregnen-20-one, and 17 alpha,20 alpha-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, only the last
      compound inhibited competitively ovarian lyase activity. The inhibition constant
      (Ki) value was 29 microM. In order to explore which of the two activities of the
      lyase complex is regulated by the gonadotropin, a double label double substrate
      experiment was conducted using [14C]progesterone with [3H]17 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha-OHP). With this assay procedure, we could determine
      in the same experiment the site of stimulation, the preferred substrate, and the
      amount of conversion. The conversion of progesterone to 17 alpha-OHP, as well as
      the conversion to androstenedione were significantly inhibited throughout the
      reaction by the gonadotropin. Thus, the changes in ovarian lyase after hCG mimic
      those of 17 alpha-hydroxylase. The labeling pattern of androstenedione showed
      that the ovarian lyase complex catalyzed the conversion preferentially from
      progesterone. Whereas the 3H/14C ratio in androstenedione varied between 0.29 to
      0.76, the ratios in the 17 alpha-OHP were from 5 to 22. Thus, the exogenous 17
      alpha-OHP did not equilibrate with the product formed from progesterone. The
      effect of the hCG was to decrease the preference of progesterone over 17 alpha
      OHP as substrate. It is concluded that: the LH of the surge inhibits both the 17
      alpha-hydroxylase and lyase activities. The ovarian lyase complex shows a
      preference for progesterone as a substrate rather than 17 alpha-OHP. 17 alpha-OHP
      is not an obligatory intermediate in androstenedione production in ovarian
      tissue. hCG affects the ovarian lyase complex by shifting the relative preference
      of substrates towards 17 alpha-OHP.

PMID- 4065037
TI  - Corpus luteum angiogenic factor is related to fibroblast growth factor.
AB  - An angiogenic growth factor present in bovine corpus luteum (CL) has been
      purified to apparent homogeneity by a combination of differential salt
      precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, and heparin-Sepharose chromatography.
      It is a single chain polypeptide with an apparent mol wt of 15,000 and an amino
      acid composition similar to that previously reported for pituitary and brain
      fibroblast growth factor (FGF). Sequence analysis of the first 17 residues of the
      CL-derived growth factor identified the sequence; His-Phe-Lys-Asp-Pro-Lys-Arg-Leu
      Tyr-X-Lys-Asn-Gly-Gly-X-Phe-Leu. This sequence is identical to residues 16-33 of
      bovine pituitary and brain FGF, indicating that the CL-derived growth factor is
      an amino-terminally truncated form of FGF and is otherwise similar, if not
      identical, to FGF. The biological activity of CL FGF is indistinguishable from
      that of pituitary or brain FGF. It is highly active in triggering the
      proliferation of cultured bovine vascular endothelial cells derived either from
      large vessels (aortic arch) or from corpus luteum and adrenal cortex capillaries
      (half-maximal stimulation at 20-40 pg/ml and saturation at 400-600 pg/ml). In
      vivo implants containing 50 ng to 1 microgram CL-derived growth factor stimulate
      neovascularization in the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick embryo. In
      addition to being mitogenic for vascular endothelial cells, CL FGF also
      stimulates the proliferation of a wide variety of mesoderm- and neuroectoderm
      derived cells, including vascular smooth muscle cells, granulosa and adrenal
      cortex cells, rabbit costal chondrocytes, and corneal endothelial cells.

PMID- 4065038
TI  - Relation of kidney tissue somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I to
      postnephrectomy renal growth in the rat.
AB  - In kidney tissue extracts, we observed elevated somatomedin-C (SmC) tissue
      concentrations in the kidney remaining after nephrectomy compared to those in the
      kidney removed at surgery or kidneys from sham-operated animals. In
      hypophysectomized animals, we observed a response of the same magnitude, but from
      significantly lowered basal SmC concentrations. In neither case did nephrectomy
      affect SmC levels in serum or other tissues studied (liver and lung). The
      increased tissue levels of SmC in the regenerating kidney, with a return to
      baseline levels within 30 days, along with the absence of elevated serum levels
      suggest a local role for this mitogen in organ growth.

PMID- 4065039
TI  - 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone excretion in rats bred for susceptibility and
      resistance to the hypertensive effects of salt.
AB  - Rats susceptible (S/JR) and resistance (R/JR) to the hypertensive effect of salt
      were weaned at 28 days of age and placed on a high salt intake. Blood pressure,
      measured at 4-5 and 8-9 weeks of age (after 5 weeks of high salt intake),
      demonstrated a slight increase in R/JR rats and a highly significant increase in
      S/JR rats. Urinary fee 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone (19-nor-DOC) levels measured in
      weekly urine collections were found to be markedly elevated in S/JR rats compared
      to levels in R/JR rats. Since 19-nor-DOC has been shown to be a potent
      mineralocorticoid, the results suggest that elevated production of 19-nor-DOC may
      have a role in hypertension in rats susceptible to the hypertensive effects of
      salt.

PMID- 4065040
TI  - Transcellular and transnuclear transport of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in isolated
      hepatocytes.
AB  - We have recently reported evidence for the presence of stereospecific energy
      dependent transport processes for T3 in rat tissues. These processes were
      responsible for maintenance of concentration differences of free L- and D-T3
      across the cellular plasma and nuclear membranes. In rat liver, the free L-T3
      concentration in cytosol was almost 3 times higher than that in plasma, and
      nuclear free L-T3 was 58-fold that in cytosol. In the present studies, freshly
      isolated hepatocytes were used to study these processes in vitro. Kinetic
      experiments demonstrated that equilibrium of [125I]T3 between cells and medium
      was rapid and complete within 5 min. Neither the rate of cellular accumulation
      nor the equilibrium distribution of T3 between cells and medium was influenced by
      the addition of up to 2 X 10(-7) M T3. Equilibrium of T3 between the nuclear and
      extranuclear fractions of the hepatocytes was reached more slowly, only after 45
      60 min of incubation. The nuclear free T3 concentration was calculated from mass
      action principles with knowledge of the association constant (Ka) of the nuclear
      T3-binding sites under in vitro conditions and the fractional occupancy of the
      sites. Cytosolic free T3 was determined from measurements of the fraction of
      cellular [125I]T3 associated with cytosol (pc), and the binding power of cytosol
      was determined by equilibrium dialysis (bc). The cytosol to plasma free T3 ratio
      in these cells was near unity, suggesting an absence of the concentration
      difference previously observed in liver in situ. The nuclear to cytosol free T3
      ratio was 7.9, approximately 7 times less than that in vivo. The addition of 2 mM
      KCN caused a further 23% reduction in the nuclear to cytosol ratio. As previously
      reported for liver in situ, uptake of T3 by hepatocytes is stereospecific.
      Cellular uptake of D-T3 was greater than that for L-T3. However, nuclear
      transport favored L-T3. The nuclear to cell ratio for L-T3 was almost 4 times
      greater than that for D-T3 (mean +/- SEM, 0.020 +/- 0.0005 vs. 0.0085 +/- 0.0005;
      P less than 0.001). Our studies indicate the presence in the isolated hepatocyte
      of a nuclear transport process for T3 similar to that observed in vivo, but
      operating with a markedly reduced efficiency.

PMID- 4065041
TI  - Estrogen regulation of steroidogenesis in rabbit luteal cells.
AB  - Estradiol is a potent modifier of gonadotropin-stimulated steroidogenesis. By the
      seventh day after ovulation, estradiol is the only agent required for the
      stimulation of progesterone synthesis by corpora lutea of superovulated pseudo
      pregnant rabbits. To learn which control points in steroidogenesis are
      susceptible to regulation by estradiol alone, we have studied the production of
      pregnenolone, progesterone, and 20 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one by corpora lutea
      of estradiol-stimulated and estradiol-deprived pseudopregnant rabbits. In
      previous investigations, we learned that estradiol deprivation in vivo, on day 9
      of pseudopregnancy, causes an abrupt cessation of progesterone and 20 alpha
      hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one production, which is associated with accumulation of
      cholesterol and cholesteryl ester in the luteal tissue. We now report that
      production of pregnenolone, measured as its concentration in serum, also
      decreases abruptly by 84% within 48 h when the estradiol stimulus is removed on
      day 9 of pseudopregnancy. In addition, short term incubations of luteal tissue
      demonstrate that corpora lutea from estradiol-deprived rabbits do not use stores
      of luteal intracellular cholesterol for production of pregnenolone and progestin.
      These findings suggest that upon estradiol deprivation, rabbit luteal cells lose
      their capacity for using stored cholesteryl ester, or cholesterol synthesized de
      novo, for the production of pregnenolone and progestins. We, therefore, tested
      the hypothesis that a blockade of steroidogenesis caused by estrogen deprivation
      occurs at the point of cytochrome P-450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage (P
      450scc), a principal rate-limiting step in the conversion of cholesterol to
      hormonal steroid products. To this end, we assayed the P-450scc activity in
      mitochondria-rich fractions of corpora lutea from rabbits that were deprived of
      estradiol for 24 and 48 h beginning on day 9 after induction of superovulation.
      Surprisingly, withdrawal of the estradiol stimulus did not cause loss of luteal P
      450scc activity, measured as the amount of aminoglutethimide-inhibitable
      conversion of 25-hydroxycholesterol to pregnenolone by mitochondria-rich
      preparations. From these results, we infer that the luteotropic action of
      estradiol is probably not effected at P-450scc in the rabbit corpus luteum, but,
      presumably, occurs at control points that regulate the availability of stored
      cholesterol and/or its movement to or within the mitochondria for conversion to
      pregnenolone.

PMID- 4065042
TI  - Distribution and regulation of aromatase activity in the rat hypothalamus and
      limbic system.
AB  - Conversion of androgen to estrogen in the rat brain is catalyzed by aromatase
      enzymes. The maximum concentrations of these enzymes are found within the
      hypothalamus and amygdala, where they appear to play an important role in the
      process by which androgens affect both behavior and neuroendocrine function. In
      the present study, we measured the levels of aromatase activity (AA) in 20 nuclei
      and brain regions of the adult rat brain. Individual nuclei were microdissected
      from 600-micron frozen sections. Tissues from 3 animals were pooled, and AA was
      measured by an in vitro radiometric assay that quantifies the stereospecific
      production of 3H2O from [1 beta-3H]androstenedione as an index of estrogen
      formation. We report that AA is heterogeneously distributed within the rat brain.
      The greatest amounts of activity were found in the bed nucleus (n.) of the stria
      terminalis (700 protein fmol/h . mg) and in the medial (MA) and cortical amygdala
      (400-600 fmol/h . mg protein) of the male. There was an evident rostral-caudal
      and medial-lateral gradient in AA throughout the diencephalon. Activity was high
      in the periventricular preoptic n. and medial preoptic n.; intermediate in the
      suprachiasmatic preoptic n., anterior hypothalamus, periventricular anterior
      hypothalamus, and ventromedial n.; and low in the arcuate n.-median eminence,
      lateral preoptic n., supraoptic n., dorsomedial n., and lateral hypothalamus.
      Regions devoid of measurable AA included the medial and lateral septum, caudate
      putamen, hippocampus, and parietal cortex. In the female, AA was greatest in the
      MA and cortical amygdala. We found that AA in the MA, stria terminalis n.,
      suprachiasmatic preoptic n., periventricular preoptic in., medial preoptic n.,
      anterior hypothalamus, and ventromedial n. was significantly greater (P less than
      0.05) in males than in females. Orchidectomy reduced AA to levels seen in
      females, and administration of testosterone to castrated males restored AA in
      these areas. No significant sex differences were observed in any other
      hypothalamic or amygdaloid nuclei, although AA was increased by testosterone
      treatment in the periventricular anterior hypothalamus, arcuate n.-median
      eminence, and lateral hypothalamus. Our results provide a quantitative profile of
      AA in specific hypothalamic and limbic nuclei of the rat brain as well as
      information on the control of AA within these discrete regions.

PMID- 4065044
TI  - Subcellular localization of thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity in bovine anterior
      pituitary.
AB  - Bovine anterior pituitary glands were fractionated by differential
      centrifugation. T4 5'-monodeiodination to T3 was found predominantly in
      microsomal fractions (M2; 105,000 . g pellet) enriched in glucose-6-phosphatase
      and 5'-nucleotidase activities. T4 5'-deiodinase activity in M2 fraction was 85.2
      fmol T3/min X mg protein and represented an 8.5-fold enrichment over homogenate
      specific activity (10.6 fmol T3/min . mg protein). Further subcellular
      localization of the T4 5'-deiodinase was effected by discontinuous sucrose
      density gradient centrifugation. Maximum T4 5'-deiodinase activity was found in
      fraction P5 at the interface of densities 1.18/1.20 (200 fmol T3/min . mg
      protein) and correlated with the profile of glucose-6-phosphatase and not with
      that of 5'-nucleotidase, the maximum activity of which was recovered in fraction
      P1 at the interface of densities 1.03/1.12. Electron microscopic examination of
      the fractions confirmed that P5 contained in excess of 90% rough membranes in
      contrast to 10% or less in P1. Characterization of T4 5'-deiodinase activity was
      carried out in M2 preparations. The reaction was thiol dependent, requiring the
      presence of 50 mM dithiothreitol or more (Km, 38 mM), with a maximum velocity of
      55-150 fmol T3/min . mg protein (n = 8). Enzyme activity was substrate dependent,
      with a Km for T4 between 35-70 nM. 5'-Monodeiodination of T4 was abolished by
      heating to 70 C for 30 min and was unaffected by EDTA. Propylthiouracil and
      methimazole did not inhibit T3 generation. Iopanoic acid, on the other hand, was
      a competitive inhibitor of the 5'-monodeiodination reaction, abolishing T3
      production in a dose-dependent manner with a Ki of 3 microM. These data indicate
      that the bovine anterior pituitary contains significant T4 5'-deiodinase
      activity, which shares many properties of the type II 5'-deiodinase of the rat.
      Bovine anterior pituitary T4 5'-deiodinase appears to be predominantly localized
      in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 4065043
TI  - Effects of progestins and glucocorticoids on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in
      the uterus of the neonatal mouse.
AB  - The effects of progestins and glucocorticoids on cellular proliferation were
      examined in the uterus of 5-day-old mice by monitoring either the labeling index
      (LI) after exposure to [methyl-3H]thymidine ([3H]TdR) in vivo or the mitotic
      index (MI) after colchicine-induced arrest of cells in metaphase. In untreated 5
      day-old mice, epithelial LI was 31%, and stromal LI was 15%. Eighteen hours after
      a single ip injection of 40 mg/kg progesterone, epithelial LI was reduced to 2.3%
      and remained low for 48 h. Stromal LI increased transiently, reaching a zenith
      (40%) 18 h after administration of progesterone and returning to control levels
      by 24 h. When mitotic activity was assessed 24 h after progesterone treatment,
      epithelial MI was decreased (control, 3.1%; progesterone, 0.23%) and stromal MI
      was increased (control, 0.60%; progesterone, 2.1%). Thus, the measured effects on
      LI were indicative of altered proliferative activity of the tissues.
      Glucocorticoids also inhibited epithelial LI, but had no effect on stromal LI.
      Eighteen hours after a single ip injection, dexamethasone inhibited epithelial LI
      to the same extent as progesterone treatment. Corticosterone did not
      significantly decrease epithelial LI, while cortisol produced an intermediate
      inhibitory response. To determine whether the high baseline LI in uterine
      epithelium of neonatal mice was estrogen dependent, uteri of 1-day-old mice were
      grafted under the kidney capsule of ovariectomized adult mice. Eight days later,
      the hosts were treated with either progesterone or vehicle and then killed 18 h
      later. After labeling the tissue with [methyl-3H]thymidine in vitro, the mean LI
      of the epithelium of the grafted uteri was 11.5%, while that of the vehicle
      treated hosts was 0.10%. Progesterone treatment reduced the LI of the grafted
      uterine epithelium to 1.0%. These data demonstrate that uterine tissues of the
      neonatal mouse proliferate rapidly in the absence of gonadal steroids. Progestins
      and glucocorticoids specifically inhibit this estrogen-independent DNA synthesis
      of uterine epithelium.

PMID- 4065045
TI  - Human growth hormone induces and maintains c-myc gene expression in Nb2 lymphoma
      cells.
AB  - The effect of human GH (hGH) on c-myc gene expression and cell proliferation in
      the Nb2 lymphoma cell line was examined. The addition of hormone to stationary
      cultures of Nb2 cells resulted in an increased accumulation of c-myc transcripts
      that was detectable within 15 min, reached a maximum induction of 25-fold in 3 h,
      and then gradually declined. Although maximal accumulation of c-myc transcripts
      occurred within 3 h after hGH addition, removal of the hormone even after 4 h of
      treatment resulted in a failure of the cells to proliferate. This loss of
      proliferative capacity following hormone removal was accompanied by a 20-fold
      reduction in the level of c-myc transcripts. These results indicate that hGH
      induced proliferation of Nb2 cells is associated with the induction and
      maintenance of c-myc gene expression.

PMID- 4065047
TI  - Production of insulin-like growth factors by ovarian granulosa cells.
AB  - Evidence for ovarian secretion of somatomedins or insulin-like growth factors
      (IGF's) was generated by two approaches. First, porcine granulosa cells were
      shown to produce IGF's and an IGF-binding protein under serum-free conditions in
      vitro. The ovarian IGF's were recognized in two competitive binding assays
      specific for IGF's, a RIA using antibodies to human IGF-I and a radioreceptor
      assay using rat liver plasma membranes. IGF secretion was maintained for at least
      10 days in culture. Second, ovarian production of IGF's in vivo was suggested by
      studies which showed that IGF levels in follicular fluid from preovulatory
      follicles were significantly greater than those in either serum or immature
      follicles. In contrast, similar low levels of insulin were observed in the
      follicles and serum. In conjunction with previous evidence of IGF action on
      granulosa cells, the present studies suggest the possibility of an autocrine role
      of IGF's in regulating follicular growth and development.

PMID- 4065046
TI  - E-17 alpha-(2-[125I]iodovinyl)-19-nortestosterone: the synthesis of a gamma
      emitting ligand for the progesterone receptor.
AB  - We have synthesized a gamma-emitting steroid, E-17 alpha-(2-[125I]iodovinyl)-19
      nortestosterone (E-IVNT), which is a useful ligand for the sensitive and accurate
      assay of the progesterone receptor. The synthetic scheme is rapid and is
      performed with readily available materials. This compound, [125I]E-IVNT, is
      stable and binds with high affinity to the progesterone receptor.

PMID- 4065048
TI  - Thoracoscopy--a forgotten endoscopic procedure?

PMID- 4065049
TI  - Retrospective endoscopic analysis of gastric xanthelasma in the non-operated
      stomach.
AB  - To investigate the significance of gastric xanthelasma, a retrospective review of
      109 cases with an endoscopic diagnosis of this lesion was undertaken. A
      predominance in older patients was noted, with a similar distribution in antrum
      and fornix. In 15 cases (16.6%) they were multiple. They were occasionally
      associated with gastric erosions. In particular they were associated with chronic
      gastritis and intestinal metaplasia (48.9%). It is therefore concluded that
      gastric xanthelasma is not a rare lesion and that it is frequently associated
      with senile degenerative changes in the gastric mucosa.

PMID- 4065050
TI  - Rigid or flexible choledochoscopy?
AB  - This is a comparative study of two types of choledochoscopes: The Wolf rigid
      scope and the flexible CHF B3 Olympus scope. These were used for the exploration
      of 120 consecutive cases of common bile duct disease covering a 4-year period.
      The rigid and the flexible choledochoscopes were used in 30 and 88 cases,
      respectively, while in another 2 cases both scopes were used to complete the
      examination. We established that the Wolf scope does not provide ease of handling
      in inexperienced hands. Its low price and durability under rough handling should
      not be an excuse for recommending it for beginners. On the other hand, the
      Olympus scope is an expensive and delicate instrument, which is much easier to
      handle. Both choledochoscopes can, however, equally provide good results in
      experienced hands.

PMID- 4065051
TI  - The endoscopic spectrum of late radiation damage of the rectosigmoid colon.
AB  - The endoscopic spectrum of late radiation damage to the rectosigmoid colon in 90
      patients seen over a 10 year period (1973-1983) is presented. The main endoscopic
      findings were abnormalities of the mucosa with characteristic telangiectasis,
      luminal narrowing, superficial or deep solitary ulcers or more extensive diffuse
      ulceration and fistulae. A knowledge of the pathognomonic features may lead to
      early detection and treatment.

PMID- 4065052
TI  - A technique for endoscopic balloon dilatation of pyloric stenoses.
AB  - A technique facilitating the endoscopic dilatation of pyloric stenoses due to
      peptic ulcer disease is described. By means of a Dormia basket placed in the 3rd
      part of the duodenum a guide wire is obtained with the aid of which the balloon
      catheter can be positioned. Four patients thus treated are described. Short-term
      follow-up has been uneventful.

PMID- 4065053
TI  - Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the rectum mimicking angioma.
AB  - We report on a 52-year-old man who was admitted to hospital for peranal bleeding
      due to a rectal tumor with the endoscopic aspect of an angioma. The histological
      work-up revealed a Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of low malignancy (centroblastic
      centrocytic lymphoma in the Kiel classification). The lymphoma was staged IE. A
      short review of the literature is given.

PMID- 4065054
TI  - Endoscopic removal of a large, obstructing and bleeding duodenal Brunner's gland
      adenoma.
AB  - About 10-30% of benign duodenal tumors are Brunner's gland tumors. These are
      almost always benign. Usually they present as incidental findings in the form of
      small polypoid lesions at barium examination or at panendoscopy. We present a
      case with a large obstructing and bleeding Brunner's gland adenoma located in the
      duodenal bulb which was removed by endoscopic polypectomy.

PMID- 4065055
TI  - Association of 59iron oxide with alveolar macrophages during alveolar clearance.
AB  - Long-Evans hooded rats were exposed for 2 h to aerosols of hydrated, radiolabeled
      iron (59Fe) oxide (MMAD = 1.6 micron; sigma g = 3.0) in order to produce a low
      mass burden of particles (approximately equal to 30 micrograms) in the lung. The
      kinetics of particle clearance and the association of the particles with alveolar
      macrophages (AM) were measured. Two to four hours after exposure, lavaged
      particles were linearly related to AM numbers harvested, and 60% of the 59Fe
      activity was physically associated with AM. By 24 h, greater than 90% of the
      lavaged particles were associated with AM. Such an association was found for at
      least 75% of the particulate burdens in the lungs. If all the 59Fe is assumed to
      be AM associated, the 59Fe per AM predicts the total AM population size to be
      2.14 X 10(7) cells. This number, in conjunction with the alveolar clearance rate
      of the particles, suggested the number of AM leaving the lung daily was 2.8 X
      10(5) cells.

PMID- 4065056
TI  - Long-term lung clearance in humans studied with Teflon particles labeled with
      chromium-51.
AB  - Six healthy nonsmoking males inhaled 4-micron diameter Teflon particles labeled
      with chromium-51. Lung retention was measured for approximately 300 days. Three
      subjects inhaled "high-leaching" particles and three "low-leaching" particles.
      The high-leaching leaching particles leached 0.26%/day in water at 37 degrees C
      for the first 100 days and the low-leaching particles 0.065%/day. On an average,
      urine sampled for 24 h contained 0.13% of the lung burden for the high-leaching
      particles and 0.02% for the low-leaching particles. Thirty percent of the long
      term clearance occurred with a fast phase, with half-times ranging from 4.5-45
      days, and 70% with a slow phase, with half-times ranging from 200-2500 days. The
      fast phase was similar for the high-leaching and low-leaching groups. The slow
      phase varied widely among the subjects. There was no clear-cut relationship
      between half-time and type of particle. However, it seems probable that the slow
      phase was dependent on the degree of leaching, i.e., the half-times for
      elimination of intact particles from the lung are even slower. The large
      differences in long-term clearance among subjects indicate that long-term
      exposure to highly insoluble particles will result in large differences in lung
      burden. Subjects with a low capacity to eliminate alveolarly deposited particles
      are thus expected to be more susceptible to diseases in the alveolar part of the
      lung, i.e., diseases caused by certain insoluble particles.

PMID- 4065057
TI  - Lipidosis of pulmonary macrophages in the dystrophic hamster.
AB  - Lavaged pulmonary macrophages of Bio 14.6 myopathic hamsters were compared with
      those from Bio F1B controls. Enlarged foamy macrophages were prevalent in the
      dystrophic strain. Lipidosis within this cell population was confirmed by
      morphologic and chemical analyses. The percentage of lipid-positive cells
      obtained from Bio 14.6 hamsters was three times greater than from control
      animals, but the total number of macrophages recovered from the lungs of
      dystrophic animals was approximately one-third lower compared to controls. Nearly
      two-thirds of the lipid-positive cells from the dystrophic strain were moderately
      to excessively engorged, whereas a similar percentage of the positive cells from
      control animals contained only sparse lipid inclusions. Qualitative
      ultrastructural differences were not observed between strains, but engorged
      macrophages of the dystrophic strain typically showed a predominance of lipid
      droplets with grey homogeneous material, crowded cytoplasmic organelles, and
      fewer primary lysosomes. Lipid analyses showed an 85% increase of total cellular
      lipids, a 486% increase of cholesteryl esters in neutral lipids, and increased
      18:1 fatty acids in total lipids and the cholesteryl esters in cells from the Bio
      14.6 strain. The etiology of the lipid excess has not been determined, but
      elevated chylomicrons and reduced alpha-lipoprotein values were observed in the
      serum of the dystrophic strain.

PMID- 4065059
TI  - Induction of micronuclei in maize root-tip cells and a correlation with forward
      mutation at the yg2 locus.
AB  - A standard protocol for a micronucleus assay in root tips of Zea mays was
      developed and calibrated using 137Cs gamma radiation, ethylmethanesulfonate
      (EMS), and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). The root tips were sampled 1, 3, and 5
      days after the treatment period. Primary root tips (sampled 1 day after
      treatment) were the most responsive with the highest frequencies of micronuclei.
      The frequencies then decreased to control values after 3 days. By treating the
      same kernels for this assay and the yellow-green-2 (yg2) forward mutation assay,
      it was possible to analyze and compare the induction kinetics of micronuclei
      formation in root-tip cells and forward mutation at the yg2 locus in leaf
      primordial cells. Forward mutation at the yg2 locus by gamma rays, EMS, or ENU
      exhibited one hit kinetics. The induction of micronuclei demonstrated nonlinear
      kinetics with a significant increase over controls above 200 rads gamma rays, 10
      mM EMS, or 250 microM ENU. ENU induced a higher frequency of micronuclei at all
      treatment concentrations than did gamma radiation or EMS. The data suggest that a
      higher relative proportion of yg2 mutant sectors induced by ENU may be due to
      chromosome aberrations than those induced by gamma radiation or EMS.

PMID- 4065058
TI  - Diphtheria toxin resistance in human lymphocytes and lymphoblasts in the in vivo
      somatic cell mutation test.
AB  - It has been shown that circulating peripheral blood lymphocytes can be used for
      the enumeration of 6-thioguanine-resistant cells that presumably arise by
      mutation in vivo. This somatic cell mutation test has been studied in lymphocytes
      from human populations exposed to known mutagens and/or carcinogens. The
      sensitivity of the test could be further enhanced by including other gene
      markers, since there is evidence for locus-specific differences in response to
      mutagens. Resistance to diphtheria toxin (Dipr) seemed like a potential marker to
      incorporate into the test because the mutation acts codominantly, can readily be
      selected in human diploid fibroblasts and Chinese hamster cells with no evidence
      for cell density or cross-feeding effects, and can be assayed for in nondividing
      cells by measuring protein synthesis inhibition. Blood samples were collected
      from seven individuals, and fresh, cryopreserved, or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
      transformed lymphocytes were tested for continued DNA synthesis (3H-thymidine,
      autoradiography) or protein synthesis (35S-methionine, scintillation counting).
      Both fresh and cryopreserved lymphocytes, stimulated to divide with
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA), continued to synthesize DNA in the presence of high
      doses of diphtheria toxin (DT). Similarly, both dividing (PHA-stimulated) and
      nondividing fresh lymphocytes carried on significant levels of protein synthesis
      even 68 hr after exposure to 100 flocculating units (LF)/ml DT. The findings were
      confirmed in cord blood lymphocytes, ruling out the possibility that diphtheria
      immunization could have led to a selection of Dipr lymphocytes. One lymphoblast
      line (EBV-transformed lymphocytes) showed a reduction in protein synthesis to
      0.2% of controls only at 192 hr after exposure to 100 LF/ml. The results suggest
      that human T and B lymphocytes may not be as sensitive to DT protein synthesis
      inhibition as human fibroblast and Chinese hamster cells. For this reason, Dipr
      may not be a suitable marker for the somatic cell mutation test.

PMID- 4065060
TI  - Investigations into the reported ability of cimetidine to initiate UDS in rat
      hepatocyte primary cultures.
AB  - Cimetidine is widely prescribed as a palliative or cure for gastric disorders in
      man. It is known to be noncarcinogenic to rodents and has been shown to be
      inactive in a wide range of in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity assays. It was
      therefore of concern when an injectable formulation of this drug (Cimetex) was
      reported to initiate UDS in cultured primary rat hepatocytes [Martelli et al,
      1983]. We have confirmed the ability of Cimetex to elicit UDS in primary
      hepatocytes and established that cimetidine itself is inactive. These data
      indicate that it is not cimetidine per se, but rather its protonated formulation
      which is responsible for the activity. These observations pose fundamental
      questions regarding the validity of the UDS end-point when testing salts in
      vitro, rather than presenting a challenge to the nongenotoxic status of
      cimetidine.

PMID- 4065061
TI  - Rapid analysis of DNA strand breaks in soft tissues.
AB  - A technique was developed to measure rapidly DNA strand breaks in soft tissues.
      This method measured the rate of alkaline unwinding of DNA, which was
      proportional to strand breakage. Alkaline unwinding of DNA was done by treating
      tissue homogenates with NaOH. Single-stranded DNA was removed by extraction with
      aqueous phenol. DNA unwinding was quantitated by measuring the remaining double
      stranded DNA. Using the described technique, a dose-effect relationship was
      observed between N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and alkaline unwinding of mouse
      liver DNA.

PMID- 4065062
TI  - Measurement of unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat kidney cells following in vivo
      treatment with genotoxic agents.
AB  - The kidney is a key target tissue in animal and human carcinogenesis, yet there
      are no established short-term tests for studying the genotoxicity of chemicals in
      the kidney. We have developed an assay for the measurement of chemically induced
      DNA repair as unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in isolated rat kidney cells
      following in vivo treatment. Male Fischer-344 rats were injected
      intraperitoneally with chemicals dissolved in saline or corn oil. After various
      treatment times, the kidneys were perfused with a collagenase/trypsin solution
      (CTS), minced into small pieces, and stirred in CTS at 37 degrees C for 1 hr to
      dissociate cells. Cultures contain a high proportion of epithelial cells from the
      proximal and distal tubules. Cultures were incubated for 16-18 hr with 3H
      thymidine in Williams' Medium E supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum. UDS was
      measured by quantitative autoradiography as net grains/nucleus (NG). The
      percentage of cells in repair (% IR) was defined as the percentage of cells with
      greater than or equal to 3 NG. Saline- or corn oil-injected controls consistently
      produced -3 to -5 NG with less than 1% IR. The time course of DNA repair
      following treatment with the direct-acting mutagen methylmethane sulfonate (MMS)
      or the renal carcinogen azaserine showed a peak response at 2 hr after treatment.
      Azaserine showed a rapid decline in UDS at 12 and 24 hr, whereas MMS exhibited a
      relatively high UDS level at 24 hr. The renal carcinogens methylazoxymethanol
      acetate, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, and streptozotocin all yielded strong positive
      UDS responses. The liver and intestinal carcinogen 1, 1-dimethylhydrazine at
      doses up to 50 mg/kg was cytotoxic to kidney cells, but induced less than 0 NG.
      Treatment with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, which induces kidney tumors in mice but not
      rats, also induced less than 0 NG. Treatment with o-anisidine, a weak renal
      carcinogen, did not induce UDS in the kidney, suggesting that it may be acting as
      a tumor promoter. These results demonstrate the usefulness of this assay for the
      detection and study of a variety of genotoxic kidney carcinogens.

PMID- 4065063
TI  - Kinetics of the inhibition and recovery of semiconservative DNA synthesis
      following the induction of non-dimer DNA damages by solar ultraviolet radiation
      in ICR 2A frog cells.

PMID- 4065064
TI  - Fundamental structural alerts to potential carcinogenicity or noncarcinogenicity.

PMID- 4065065
TI  - Gene conversion and crossing-over.

PMID- 4065066
TI  - Basic principles of laboratory safety.
AB  - Laboratory safety is a concern to scientific personnel conducting research or
      safety testing, laboratory directors responsible for institutional liability for
      employees, and to individuals working or residing near the laboratory. A strategy
      for safe laboratory operations requires an understanding of industrial hygiene,
      engineering, and the regulations associated with the use of hazardous chemicals.
      This review describes many of the basic principles involved in laboratory safety.
      It provides general information on the use of personal protective equipment,
      selection of laboratory safety equipment, laboratory design, disposal of
      hazardous waste, and the regulations and guidelines affecting laboratory
      operations.

PMID- 4065067
TI  - Monograph on structure-activity correlations in mechanism studies and predictive
      toxicology.

PMID- 4065068
TI  - Two-dimensional J-resolved nuclear magnetic resonance spectral study of two
      bromobenzene glutathione conjugates.
AB  - The application of two-dimensional J-resolved nuclear magnetic resonance
      spectroscopy to determine the structure of two bile metabolites isolated from
      rats injected interperitoneally with bromobenzene is described. The structures of
      the two molecules are obtained unambiguously from the proton-proton spin coupling
      constants. This paper discusses the fundamentals of the technique and
      demonstrates the resolution of small long-range coupling constants.

PMID- 4065069
TI  - Parameter and structure-activity data bases: management for maximum utility.
AB  - Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) in the fields of medicinal
      chemistry, pesticide science, biochemistry and toxicology are being published at
      an ever increasing rate. In addition to these biological correlation equations,
      thousands of such equations have been published for all kinds of organic
      reactions. There is a great need to develop a computerized system to enable one
      to make comparisons and to draw generalizations about the effects of structure on
      chemical and biological activity. A proposal is made for a systematic approach to
      this problem based on the physicochemical properties of organic compounds.

PMID- 4065070
TI  - Use of selected toxicology information resources in assessing relationships
      between chemical structure and biological activity.
AB  - This paper addresses the subject of the use of selected toxicology information
      resources in assessing relationships between chemical structure and specific
      biological end points. To assist the researcher in how to access the primary
      literature of genetic toxicology, teratogenesis, and carcinogenesis, three
      specific specialized information centers are discussed--Environmental Mutagen
      Information Center, Environmental Teratology Information Center, and
      Environmental Carcinogenesis Information Center. Also included are descriptions
      of information resources that contain evaluated (peer-reviewed) biological
      research results. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Genetic Toxicology
      Program, the International Agency for Research on Cancer Monographs, and the
      Toxicology Data Bank are the best sources currently available to obtain peer
      reviewed results for compounds tested for genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and
      other toxicological end points. The value of published information lies in its
      use. It has become evident that most information cannot be accepted at face value
      for interpretation and analysis when subjected to stringent quality evaluation
      criteria. This deficit can be corrected by rigid editorship and the cognizance of
      authors. Increased interest in alternative methods to in vivo animal testing will
      be exemplified by use of short-term bioassays and in structure-activity
      relationship studies. With respect to this latter area, it must be remembered
      that mechanically (computer generated) derived data cannot substitute, at least
      at this stage, for data obtained from actual animal testing. The future of
      structure-activity relationship studies will rest only in their use as a
      predictive tool.

PMID- 4065071
TI  - QSAR analysis and data extrapolation among mammals in a series of aliphatic
      alcohols.
AB  - Concepts of QSAR analysis and biological similarity models are combined for use
      in extrapolation of LD50 values after IP application of a series of aliphatic
      alcohols (C1-C5) to mouse, hamster, rat, and guinea pig and rabbit. It has been
      found that although close correlation exists between LD50 values after IP and IV
      applications for mouse and rat, the QSARs obtained with LD50 after IV application
      are not suitable for a prediction of LD50 values after IP application for rabbit.
      Different transformation or distribution processes in mouse, rat, and rabbit
      after the two types of applications might be the reason. The LD50 values
      (expressed in mmole/m2 of body surface) seem to be independent of mammalian
      species used (at least within the mouse, rat, hamster, and probably guinea pig
      series). This fact makes it possible to predict reasonable values of LD50 after
      IP application for rabbit. Expression of toxicity in mmole/m2 of body surface may
      be useful in toxicological studies. The model of quantitative structure-activity
      species relationships (QSASR) for the system of alcohols and animals chosen is
      proposed: log BAij = kj + lj log Xi log BAij = aj + bi log Zj where i denotes an
      alcohol, j an animal, BA being LD50 (mmole/m2) after IP application, X molecular
      connectivity 1 chi and Z body surface: body weight ratio. The model is based on
      the assumption that bi is independent of chemical structure (being zero or close
      to zero), ai is a function of molecular connectivity 1 chi, kj and lj being
      independent of animal species. These assumptions resulted from the statistical
      analysis of QSARs and allometric equations obtained under various conditions.

PMID- 4065072
TI  - Pattern recognition analysis of a set of mutagenic aliphatic N-nitrosamines.
AB  - A set of 21 mutagenic aliphatic N-nitrosamines were subjected to a pattern
      recognition analysis using ADAPT software. Four descriptors based on molecular
      connectivity, geometry and sigma charge on nitrogen were capable of achieving a
      100% classification using the linear learning machine or iterative least squares
      algorithms. Three descriptors were capable of a 90.5% and two descriptors of a
      85.7% overall correct classification. Three of the four descriptors were each
      capable of classifying 15 of the 16 active chemicals while it required three of
      the four descriptors to classify correctly two of the five inactive chemicals.
      These results are in concert with previous observations that molecular
      connectivity, geometry, and sigma charge on nitrogen are powerful descriptors for
      separating active from inactive mutagenic and carcinogenic N-nitrosamines.

PMID- 4065073
TI  - Significance of elemental analysis of hair as a means of detecting environmental
      pollution.
AB  - The correlation of metal concentrations in hair with those in the critical organs
      was investigated by tracer studies using 51Cr, 203Hg, 75Se, 109Cd, and 65Zn in
      mice. The accumulation of these elements in organs of the mouse (including hair)
      during acute contamination was confirmed. Chronic studies to observe stable zinc
      and cadmium concentrations in various organs of the mouse at different ages
      manifested clear differences between zinc and cadmium accumulation patterns. The
      tracer study data on metal concentrations in 11 organs and those obtained by
      chemical analysis were compared. In the case of zinc, the correlation between the
      two is high, irrespective of the age of the mice; for cadmium no correlation was
      present in young mice but a correlation was seen in mice at ages of 19 weeks or
      more. Thus, the age-dependent variation of metals in organs is another factor
      that has been considered. Values for concentrations of several metals in critical
      organs and hair were compiled from the literature and compared. These studies led
      to the following conclusions: Hair is a reasonable indicator of mercury and
      chromium contamination, as these elements are readily deposited into hair and
      stay a comparatively long time. The time-dependent shifts of zinc and selenium in
      hair reflected their kinetics in the whole body, though their concentrations in
      hair were not higher than those in other organs. Hair was found to be a poor
      indicator of cadmium contamination, as the concentration of cadmium in hair was
      not parallel to that in the critical organs of the same mouse.

PMID- 4065074
TI  - Pleural calcification in northwest Greece.
AB  - Mass miniature radiography in 1969 detected a high prevalence of pleural
      calcification in three villages in northwest Greece. In 1980 a survey of a 15%
      sample of the population over the age of 10 was carried out with a 80% response
      rate. Full-size radiographs, ventilatory capacity measurements, and a detailed
      questionnaire on respiratory symptoms, type of work, and residence were used.
      Independent classification of the 408 films by two readers using the ILO/UC
      scheme showed very few small opacities but a very high prevalence of pleural
      calcification first evident in young adults and rising to 70% in the elderly. The
      overall prevalence was 34.7% in men and 21.5% in women. A comparison with the
      1969 survey showed a progression rate of 5% per annum. In neither sex was there a
      significant relation of pleural calcification to smoking, ventilatory capacity,
      nor type of work, though those classified as field croppers had a slightly higher
      prevalence. There was no obvious evidence of increased lung cancer or
      mesothelioma in the villages. The agent responsible for this apparently benign
      condition was not identified.

PMID- 4065075
TI  - Effect of electroplating factory effluent on the germination and growth of
      hyacinth bean and mustard.
AB  - The effect of electroplating factory effluent in different concentrations (viz.,
      0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 4.0%) on the germination
      and growth of hyacinth beans (Dolichos lablab) and mustard seeds (Brassica
      compestris) was studied. The germination of seeds was delayed with the increase
      of effluent concentration and the germination of mustard seeds was totally
      inhibited at 1.5% effluent concentration while hyacinth bean seeds tolerated the
      effluent up to 2.5% concentration. The metal content in the hyacinth bean plants
      increased with increasing effluent concentration but after 1.0% effluent
      concentration, the concentration of all the metals (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cu, Zn, Fe)
      decreased in the plants except Cr, which increased throughout. Percentage
      germination, fresh weight, dry weight, root length, and shoot length of the
      plants were also analyzed. Cd, Ni, Co, Mn, and Pb were not detectable in the
      hyacinth bean plants.

PMID- 4065076
TI  - Comparative pulmonary fibrogenic potential of selected particles.
AB  - The comparative intrapulmonary fibrogenic potential of a number of chemically and
      physically characterized ashes and dusts was studied. Sprague-Dawley rats were
      exposed through intratracheal instillation to 5, 15, or 45 mg of stack-collected
      coal fly ash, electrostatic precipitator hopper-collected coal fly ash, bag-house
      filter-collected coal-oil mixture fly ash, Dowson and Dobson quartz, heated
      montmorillonite clay, and Mt. St. Helens volcano ash. Following a 3-month
      postexposure period, the animals were killed and subjected to histological
      examination. Some fibrosis was produced by all the ashes. However, the effects
      differed both qualitatively and quantitatively among the various exposure groups.
      The most severe fibrosis was found in the quartz-treated animals, followed in
      order of intensity by the heated clay, volcano, ash, hopper coal ash, stack coal
      ash, and coal-oil mixture ash. No effects were found in the saline-exposed
      control rats.

PMID- 4065077
TI  - The enigmatic asbestos body: its formation and significance in asbestos-related
      disease.
AB  - It is well established that many different types of fibre, both organic and
      inorganic, can become coated with ferritin in lung to give ferruginous bodies.
      The presence of such bodies is one factor which is taken into account in
      assessing cases with asbestos-related disease for the purpose of compensation,
      although their presence is only an indication of past exposure and not proof of
      the causative role of asbestos. In this paper, evidence relating to the formation
      of ferruginous bodies in human lung is reviewed, to identify factors which
      predispose certain types and dimensions of fibre to become coated. Work with
      experimental animals is also summarised to give some indication of the time
      course of body formation.

PMID- 4065078
TI  - Rabbit lung after inhalation of manganese chloride: a comparison with the effects
      of chlorides of nickel, cadmium, cobalt, and copper.
AB  - Rabbits were exposed to aerosols of MnCl2 (mass median aerodynamic diameter 1
      micron) in metal concentrations of 1.1 and 3.9 mg/m3 for 4-6 weeks, 5 days/week,
      6 h/day. The effects of alveolar type II cells, phospholipids, alveolar
      macrophages, and lung structure in general were compared with earlier reported
      effects of Ni2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, and Co2+. Except for a significant increase in the
      diameter of the alveolar macrophages after exposure to the higher Mn2+
      concentration, no abnormalities were seen. The results of this and earlier
      studies indicate that these five metal ions have different, specific effects on
      the alveolar part of the lung.

PMID- 4065079
TI  - Consequences of synergy between environmental carcinogens.
AB  - As it is generally impossible to determine dose-response relationships for
      carcinogens at the low concentrations in which they occur in the environment,
      risk-benefit considerations are by consensus based on the linear, no-threshold
      model, on the assumption that this represents the worst case. However, this
      assumption does not take into account the possibility of synergistic interactions
      between carcinogens. It is shown here that, as a result of such interactions, the
      dose-response curve for added risk due to any individual carcinogen will
      generally be steeper at lower doses than at higher doses, and consequently the
      risk at low environmental levels will be higher than would be expected from a
      linear response. Moreover, this excess risk at low doses is shown to increase as
      the general level of environmental carcinogens rises and, independently of this
      effect, it may also increase with the number of carcinogens present.

PMID- 4065080
TI  - Metsovo lung: pleural calcification and restrictive lung function in northwestern
      Greece. Environmental exposure to mineral fiber as etiology.
AB  - Pleural calcifications are described in 122 of 268 (45.5%) inhabitants of four
      villages (Metsovo, Anilio, Milea, and Votonosi) in a small area of northwestern
      Greece (total population about 5000). All affected individuals are of one ethnic
      group, Vlachi. Calcifications were not noted in any of the 103 persons in the
      control group made up of 73 non-Vlachi inhabitants from the same and neighboring
      villages and 30 Vlachi from distant villages. The calcifications were seen in
      both sexes, equally, and their frequently increased with age, from 28.6% between
      30 and 39 years to 81.0% in individuals over 70 years of age. When plaque
      development was extensive, a small restrictive pulmonary function defect was
      noted. Because of its prevalence in the Metsovo area we call this clinical
      pattern Metsovo lung. The identification of tremolite, related amphibole fibers,
      and traces of chrysotile fiber in settled dusts and soil specimens and of
      identical fibers in tissue specimens obtained at lung biopsy from 8 people with
      plaques supports the hypothesis that abestiform minerals are the agents
      responsible for these disease processes. Further, reports of the occurrence of
      mesothelioma and benign pleural effusions in inhabitants in the Metsovo area,
      along with the striking similarities to disease patterns observed in the Karain
      area of Turkey, add further weight to the hypothesis that mineral fiber(s) in the
      environment of the four villages are agent(s) in the etiology of Metsovo lung.

PMID- 4065082
TI  - Municipal sewage sludge application on Ohio farms: tissue metal residues and
      infections.
AB  - Transmission of infectious agents and translocation of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn from
      anaerobically digested sludge to the tissues of farm animals grazing on pastures
      to which sludge was applied (2-10 metric tons per hectare) were studied on eight
      farms. No significant health risk associated with the possible presence in sludge
      of Salmonella spp., or of common animal parasites including Nematodirus spp.,
      Strongylus spp., Strongyloides spp., Trichuris spp., Eimeria spp., Ascaris spp.,
      and Ancylostomum spp. was noted. Caudal fold as well as cervical tuberculin
      testing indicated no conversions from negative to positive following exposure of
      cattle to sludge. Significantly higher fecal Cd concentrations were detected in
      samples collected from cattle soon after being placed on sludge-treated pastures
      compared to preexposure values in the same animals. Significant Cd and Pb
      accumulations were found in the kidneys of calves grazing sludge-treated pastures
      compared to control calves. Although older cows grazing sludge-treated pastures
      had significantly higher blood Pb levels, no metal accumulation was observed in
      other tissues. Statistically significant accumulations of Cd and Pb in the kidney
      of calves grazing these pastures for a relatively short period suggest that
      caution should be exercised to avoid prolonged grazing of cattle on pastures
      receiving heavy sludge applications, especially with sludges containing high
      concentrations of heavy metals.

PMID- 4065081
TI  - Municipal sewage sludge application on Ohio farms: health effects.
AB  - A 3-year prospective epidemiologic study was conducted on 47 farms receiving
      annual applications of treated sludge (average of 2-10 dry metric tons/ha/year)
      and 46 control farms in three geographic areas of Ohio. On the sludge-receiving
      farms 164 persons (78 families) and on the control farms 130 persons (53
      families) participated by cooperating with monthly questionnaires concerning
      their health and their animals' health, annual tuberculin testing, and quarterly
      blood sampling for serological testing. The estimated risks of respiratory
      illness, digestive illness, or general symptoms were not significantly different
      between sludge farm and control farm residents. Similarly, there were no observed
      differences between disease occurrence in domestic animals on sludge and on
      control farms. No conversions from negative to positive tine test results
      occurred after sludge had been applied to the farms. The frequency of serological
      conversions (fourfold or greater rise in antibody) to a series of 23 test viruses
      and the frequency of associated illnesses were similar among persons on sludge
      and control farms. The absence of observed human or animal health effects
      resulting from sludge application in this study of Ohio farms was associated with
      low sludge application rates which were in accordance with Ohio and U.S.
      Environmental Protection Agency guidelines. Caution should be exercised in using
      these data to predict health risks associated with sludges containing higher
      levels of disease agents and with higher sludge application rates and larger
      acreages treated per farm than used in this study.

PMID- 4065083
TI  - Municipal sewage sludge application on Ohio farms: estimation of cadmium intake.
AB  - This study was designed to estimate the contribution of municipal sewage sludge
      exposure and smoking to the daily Cd intake in Ohio farm residents, based on the
      Cd concentrations in 24-hr fecal samples. The fecal samples were analyzed for Cd
      and the daily Cd intakes were calculated by correcting for absorption (4.6%) in
      the gastrointestinal tract. Fecal samples from cattle grazing on sludge-treated
      pastures were also similarly treated except that published 24-hr fecal weights
      and a 2% absorption correction were used. Fecal weights and the daily Cd intakes,
      in humans, calculated from these data were significantly lower in females than in
      males with a female/male ratio of 0.77/1. Daily Cd intakes calculated from these
      data ranged from 5.37 to 13.31 micrograms/day for females and 8.87 to 18.52
      micrograms/day for males. No significant increase in daily Cd intake resulted
      from exposure of humans to sludge on the farmlands. Although daily Cd intake for
      smokers was 1 microgram/day higher than for non-smokers, the difference was not
      statistically significant. Cattle grazing on sludge-treated pastures consumed
      significantly more (up to 3 times) Cd than cattle on control pastures. It was
      concluded that application of sewage sludge on farmlands at rates of 2-10 dry
      metric tons/ha did not significantly contribute to the daily Cd intake in humans;
      cattle on such farms, however, significantly increased their Cd consumption.

PMID- 4065084
TI  - Report of the Workshop on Environmentally Related Nononcogenic Lung Disease.
      March 13-18, 1983, Airlie Conference Center, Airlie, Virginia.
AB  - During the week of March 13-18, 1983, 37 government and university health
      scientists participated in the Workshop on Environmentally Related Nononcogenic
      Lung Disease. The workshop, which was chaired by James L. Whittenberger of the
      University of California's Southern Occupational Health Center with Dr. Robert
      Frank of Johns Hopkins University, cochairman, represented a major effort by the
      interagency Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and Lung Disease to
      address in fiscal year 1983 its mandate to assess current evidence and recommend
      integrated federal research programs toward relating human illness with
      environmental pollution. The subject of nononcogenic lung disease was approached
      through three concurrent discussion sessions: epidemiology, statistics, and risk
      assessment; clinical research; and basic and animal research. Participants were
      assigned to one of the three group sessions, based on their backgrounds and
      interests, but were encouraged to interact and attend the other sessions. Each
      session produced an immediate set of recommendations on research needs, complete
      with background information and literature references. In compiling this report
      on the workshop findings, the sets of recommendations were consolidated to avoid
      duplication, and the text was condensed to ensure that each argument and
      rationale was presented cogently. This lengthy and laborious process, which
      required careful review and critical analysis, was undertaken by the workshop
      chairmen, the session chairmen, and finally the participants. The result is a
      document that, it is hoped, both accurately reflects the current state of
      knowledge on environmentally related nononcogenic lung disease and adequately
      responds to the Task Force's mandate. The views expressed are those of the
      participating scientists and should not be construed to represent any official
      agency position.

PMID- 4065085
TI  - A radioimmunoassay for the measurement of aminopeptidase (microsomal) in human
      serum.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay for the measurement of aminopeptidase (microsomal) (AP) in
      human serum was developed by using antiserum to human kidney AP. AP purified from
      kidney and AP present in normal serum and in serum from a patient with
      obstructive jaundice gave parallel logit-log transformation lines, suggesting
      immunological identity. The mean concentration of AP in normal serum (n = 104)
      was 1.33 +/- 0.30 (mean +/- SD) micrograms/ml. Men had significantly higher serum
      AP levels (1.41 +/- 0.30 micrograms/ml) (p less than 0.005) than women (1.24 +/-
      0.28 micrograms/ml). Serum AP levels of patients with hepatoma (2.26 +/- 0.87
      micrograms/ml) and cancer of the pancreas or the biliary tract (2.90 +/- 0.67
      micrograms/ml) were significantly higher (p less than 0.005) than those of normal
      subjects. Patients with acute and chronic hepatitis (2.06 +/- 0.66 micrograms/ml)
      also had significantly higher serum AP levels (p less than 0.005) than normal
      subjects. In pregnant women, however, the increase in AP activity without the
      increase in AP concentration showed that the increased AP activity was due to an
      enzyme other than AP. The enzyme levels and activities in normal serum as well as
      in patients' sera were significantly correlated (normal, r = 0.77; patients, r =
      0.95). Based on the specific activity of AP purified from human plasma, the
      enzyme activity splitting L-alanyl-beta-naphthylamide is due almost completely to
      AP in normal subjects and in patients with hepatobiliary diseases.

PMID- 4065086
TI  - Reactive thiol groups in rat liver acid phosphatase.
AB  - Dimeric rat liver acid phosphatase P1 of Mr 92,000 is inactivated by p
      chloromercuribenzoate and fluorescein mercuriacetate (FMA). The enzyme is
      protected against the mercurials by the substrate analogue Pi. The reaction with
      FMA is accompanied by changes in absorbance at 495 nm and in fluorescence
      emission at 520 nm that are characteristic of reaction of this compound with
      thiol groups. Titration of P1 with FMA monitored by spectrophotometry or by
      fluorimetry indicated that equivalence is reached at an FMA/P1 ratio of 3. Since
      FMA can act as a bifunctional reagent, it is likely that P1 contains either 3 or
      6 reactive thiol groups per molecule. Analysis of FMA inactivation/modification
      data by a statistical method suggests that of 6 reactive thiol groups, 2 are
      essential so that there are probably 3 thiol groups per subunit, one of which is
      located at the active site. If the total thiol number is 3, analysis suggests 1
      essential thiol per subunit.

PMID- 4065087
TI  - Separation of mitochondrial creatine kinase (MiMi-CK) from cytosolic creatine
      kinase isoenzymes by Cibachrome-Blue affinity chromatography.
AB  - The mitochondrial isoenzyme of creatine kinase (MiMi-CK) was separated by
      affinity chromatography on Cibachrome-Blue-Sepharose (Sepharose-Blue, Pharmacia).
      While the soluble CK isoforms (BB-CK and MM-CK) were specifically eluted by
      raising the pH of the column buffer from pH 6.0 to pH 8.0, MiMi-CK remained bound
      under these conditions but was specifically eluted by subsequent addition of ADP
      to the pH 8.0 buffer. This one-step method allows a fast and efficient separation
      of MiMi-CK from MM-and BB-CK isoenzymes and at the same time an enrichment of
      MiMi-CK by about 50-fold. Since MiMi-CK can be assayed separately after isolation
      by affinity chromatography on Sepharose-Blue, this method may be of clinical
      importance.

PMID- 4065088
TI  - Simple measures of visual-lobe size and search performance.

PMID- 4065089
TI  - Sitting posture: analysis of lumbar stresses with upper limbs supported.

PMID- 4065090
TI  - Effects of different loads and carrying systems on selected biomechanical
      parameters describing walking gait.

PMID- 4065091
TI  - Neuronal origin of a cerebral amyloid: neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's
      disease contain the same protein as the amyloid of plaque cores and blood
      vessels.
AB  - The protein component of Alzheimer's disease amyloid [neurofibrillary tangles
      (NFT), amyloid plaque core and congophilic angiopathy] is an aggregated
      polypeptide with a subunit mass of 4 kd (the A4 monomer). Based on the degree of
      N-terminal heterogeneity, the amyloid is first deposited in the neuron, and later
      in the extracellular space. Using antisera raised against synthetic peptides, we
      show that the N terminus of A4 (residues 1-11) contains an epitope for
      neurofibrillary tangles, and the inner region of the molecule (residues 11-23)
      contains an epitope for plaque cores and vascular amyloid. The non-protein
      component of the amyloid (aluminum silicate) may form the basis for the
      deposition or amplification (possible self-replication) of the aggregated amyloid
      protein. The amyloid of Alzheimer's disease is similar in subunit size,
      composition but not sequence to the scrapie-associated fibril and its constituent
      polypeptides. The sequence and composition of NFT are not homologous to those of
      any of the known components of normal neurofilaments.

PMID- 4065092
TI  - Do cells show an inverse locomotory response to fibronectin and laminin
      substrates?
AB  - Sixteen cell types from a variety of tissues and from primary and secondary cell
      cultures and established cell lines were tested for their ability to distinguish
      between fibronectin and laminin substrates during locomotion in vitro. Laminin
      and fibronectin were presented to the cells as directly adjacent tracks. Most
      cells, regardless of origin, showed no preference for one substrate over the
      other. Only two of the cell types tested showed a strong preference for one or
      other other substrate molecule. Cells were responding to the local substrate,
      since antibodies directed against one substrate molecule only interfered with
      locomotion on tracks coated with that molecule. We conclude that many cells
      simultaneously express functionally active receptors for fibronectin and laminin,
      and that differential locomotory response to these two molecules cannot be
      assumed without experimental confirmation.

PMID- 4065093
TI  - Apical and basolateral endocytosis in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells
      grown on nitrocellulose filters.
AB  - Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells (strain I) grown on 0.45 micron pore size
      nitrocellulose filters formed monolayers which were highly polarized and had high
      transepithelial electrical resistance (greater than 3000 ohm X cm2). Morphometric
      analysis showed that the area of the basolateral surface domain was 7.6 times
      larger than that of the apical. The uptake of fluid-phase markers [3H]inulin and
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was studied from the apical and the basal side of
      the monolayer. Uptake of [3H]inulin was biphasic and the rate during the first 40
      min corresponded to a fluid phase uptake of 20.5 X 10(-8) nl/min per cell from
      the basolateral side, and 1.0 X 10(-8) nl/min per cell from the apical side.
      Electron micrographs of the monolayers after HRP uptake showed that the marker
      was rapidly delivered into endosome-like vesicles and into multivesicular bodies.
      No labelling of the Golgi complex could be observed during 2 h of uptake.
      Evidence was obtained for the transport of fluid phase markers across the cell.
      HRP and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran crossed the monolayers in either
      direction at a rate corresponding to approximately 3 X 10(-8) nl of
      fluid/min/cell. Adding the transcytosis rate to the rate of fluid accumulation
      into the cell yielded a total basolateral endocytic rate which was 6-fold greater
      than the apical rate. When the uptake rates were normalized for membrane area the
      apical and basolateral endocytic rates were about equal per unit cell surface
      area.

PMID- 4065094
TI  - Epoxide hydrolase is a marker for the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in rat liver.
AB  - Epoxide hydrolase (EH, EC 3.3.2.3) was chosen as a potential marker for smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum, because this enzyme is inducible by drugs such as
      phenobarbital. The hypothesis was verified in rat liver using immunochemical and
      immunocytochemical techniques. Antibodies were raised to the purified protein.
      These antibodies were affinity purified using the enzyme immobilized on Sepharose
      Ultrogel. The specificity of the antibodies was assayed by immunoelectrotransfer
      (Western blot). The labelling of rat liver thin frozen sections with protein A
      gold particles demonstrated that the antibodies specifically recognised smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Rough endoplasmic reticulum, other intracellular
      organelles and plasma membrane were unlabelled.

PMID- 4065096
TI  - The structure of the human c-fes/fps proto-oncogene.
AB  - We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a human DNA fragment of
      approximately 13 kbp, which was shown by Southern blot analysis to contain the
      entire v-fes/fps cellular homolog. The v-fes/fps homologous sequences were
      dispersed over 11 kbp in 18 interspersed segments which were flanked by splice
      junctions. Fusion of these segments created a DNA fragment in which coding
      regions similar to those observed in the viral oncogenes v-fes of the Gardner
      Arnstein (GA) and Snyder-Theilen (ST) strains of feline sarcoma virus and v-fps
      found in Fujinami sarcoma virus could be identified. A potential initiation site
      in the first exon was found. About 200 nucleotides downstream of a translational
      stop codon in the v-fes/fps homologous region, a poly(A) addition signal was
      identified. The deduced amino acid sequence has a molecular weight of 93 390
      dalton resembling NCP92, the recently described human c-fes/fps product. The
      topography of human c-fes/fps appeared to resemble that of chicken c-fps.

PMID- 4065095
TI  - The phalloidin binding site of F-actin.
AB  - Tritium-containing affinity-labelling derivatives of phalloidin, an alkylating
      iodoacetyl compound (EAL) and a photolabile, carbene generating diazirine (PAL),
      have been reacted with rabbit muscle actin, the former after protection of thiol
      groups with N-ethylmaleimide. Labelled peptides generated by tryptic and/or
      thermolysin digestion were isolated by paper peptide mapping and characterized by
      determination of their amino acid sequences. EAL binds to methionine-119 and
      methionine-355; PAL binds to glutamic acid-117. These residues are located in
      regions with extremely conserved amino acid sequences. The cleft between the two
      domains of the actin monomer is suggested as the possible binding site for
      phalloidin.

PMID- 4065097
TI  - Species dependence of the major late promoter in adenovirus type 12 DNA.
AB  - In hamster cells human adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) is deficient in DNA replication
      and late gene expression whereas adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) can replicate. Functions
      located in the E1 region of the Ad2 or adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) genome can
      complement the deficiencies of the Ad12 genome in hamster cells, but, infectious
      viral particles are not produced. We have now investigated the activity of the
      major late promoter of Ad2 and of Ad12 DNA in human and hamster cells. This
      promoter governs the expression of most of the late viral functions. We have
      inserted the major late promoter (MLP) of Ad2 or of Ad12 DNA in front of the
      chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene in the pSVO-CAT construct. Upon
      transfection into uninfected human and hamster cells, the pAd12MLP-CAT construct
      shows no significant activity; the pAd2MLP-CAT construct exhibits low activity.
      In Ad12-infected human cells, both constructs are active. These findings support
      the notion that other viral factors are required for MLP activity of Ad2 or Ad12
      DNA in permissive human cells. In Ad2-infected hamster cells, both the pAd2MLP
      CAT and the pAd12MLP-CAT constructs are active. Apparently, the Ad12 MLP can be
      activated by Ad2 functions, as already demonstrated for the entire Ad12 genome in
      double-infected cells or in Ad2- or Ad5-transformed cells superinfected with
      Ad12. In Ad12-infected hamster cells, however, the MLP of Ad12 DNA is inactive
      but that of Ad2 DNA shows activity. Thus the MLP of Ad12 DNA somehow
      differentiates between cellular auxiliary functions of different
      species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4065098
TI  - The molecular basis of the specific anti-influenza action of amantadine.
AB  - Amantadine (1-aminoadamantane hydrochloride) is effective in the prophylaxis and
      treatment of influenza A infections. In tissue culture this selective, strain
      specific antiviral activity occurs at relatively low concentrations (5 microM or
      less), which inhibit either the initiation of infection or virus assembly. The
      data reported here demonstrate that the basis of these actions is similar and
      resides in the virus-coded M2 membrane protein, the product of a spliced
      transcript of RNA segment 7. Mutations which confer resistance to amantadine are
      restricted to four amino acids within a hydrophobic sequence, indicating that the
      drug is targetted against the putative membrane-associated portion of the
      molecule. The influence of the virus haemagglutinin on the amantadine sensitivity
      of virus strains implies that the drug may interfere with interactions between
      these two virus proteins.

PMID- 4065099
TI  - Acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) from bovine brain: amino-terminal sequence
      and comparison with basic FGF.
AB  - Acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) from bovine brain has been isolated by a
      combination of salt precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, heparin-Sepharose
      affinity chromatography and reverse phase h.p.l.c. The amino acid composition of
      the mitogen is indistinguishable from that of acidic FGF previously purified. The
      amino-terminal sequence of acidic FGF was established as Phe-Asn-Leu- Pro-Gly-Asn
      Tyr-Lys-Pro-Lys-Leu-X-Tyr-X-Ser-Asn-Gly-X-Tyr-Phe-Leu-Arg-Il e-Leu-Pro-Asp-Gly.
      Acidic FGF is structurally different from basic FGF as judged by mol. wt., amino
      acid composition and sequence. In vitro biological comparison of the two growth
      factors indicates that acidic and basic FGFs possess the same intrinsic
      activities to stimulate the proliferation of aorta, vein or capillary endothelial
      cells and adrenal cortex cells, but acidic FGF is 30-100 times less potent,
      depending on the cell type.

PMID- 4065100
TI  - A glia-derived neurite-promoting factor with protease inhibitory activity.
AB  - Brain cells and glioma cells in culture release a protein which induces neurite
      outgrowth in neuroblastoma cells. This neurite-promoting factor (NPF), which has
      been purified from serum-free glioma conditioned medium, has an apparent mol. wt.
      of 43 000. NPF inhibits urokinase as well as plasminogen activator-dependent
      caseinolysis or fibrinolysis. NPF and urokinase form an SDS-resistant complex.
      The fact that this glia-derived NPF is a potent protease inhibitor indicates that
      glial cells modulate the proteolytic activity associated with neuronal cells and
      suggests that this phenomenon is one of the biochemical events involved in the
      regulation of neurite growth.

PMID- 4065101
TI  - Biochemical analysis of an antigen produced by both human sex chromosomes.
AB  - It has been argued on both evolutionary and functional grounds that genes must be
      shared by the mammalian sex chromosomes. The only direct evidence for such genes
      is our previous finding that loci on the human X (MIC2X) and Y (MIC2Y)
      chromosomes encode a species-specific cell surface antigen recognised by the
      monoclonal antibody 12E7. These loci map to the regions of the sex chromosomes
      which pair at meiosis, and MIC2X has been shown to escape X-inactivation. We have
      used immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis combined with one- and two
      dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to compare the products of MIC2X
      and MIC2Y. The human specific molecule recognised by the 12E7 antibody is a
      membrane-associated polypeptide of mol. wt. 32.5 kd and pI = 5.0. No difference
      in size or charge has been detected between X and Y encoded forms of this
      molecule confirming that MIC2Y is a functional homologue of MIC2X. An
      intracellular polypeptide of mol. wt. 29 kd and pI = 7.0 present in the cytoplasm
      of both human and mouse cells is also recognised by the 12E7 antibody.

PMID- 4065102
TI  - Metabolism of c-myc gene products: c-myc mRNA and protein expression in the cell
      cycle.
AB  - The presence and synthesis of c-myc protein and mRNA in the cell cycle has been
      studied. We find that c-myc mRNA is present, at equivalent levels, at all times
      in the cell cycle with the possible exception of mitosis. Furthermore, we
      demonstrate that this mRNA is transcribed in both G1 and G2 phases. An analysis
      of the c-myc protein in vivo shows that de novo synthesis occurs in G1 and G2 and
      the protein turns over with a half-life of approximately 20-30 min in both
      phases. Furthermore, the level of c-myc protein rapidly increases in cell
      populations when they re-initiate the cell cycle, thereafter decreasing as the
      culture reaches quiescence. The results therefore suggest that expression of c
      myc can be rapidly modulated and that it is activated during the G0 to G1
      transition, but is expressed thereafter in the cell cycle.

PMID- 4065103
TI  - Three-dimensional structure of the complex of actin and DNase I at 4.5 A
      resolution.
AB  - The shape of an actin subunit has been derived from an improved 6 A map of the
      complex of rabbit skeletal muscle actin and bovine pancreatic DNase I obtained by
      X-ray crystallographic methods. The three-dimensional structure of DNase I
      determined independently at 2.5 A resolution was compared with the DNase I
      electron density in the actin:DNase map. The two structures are very similar at 6
      A resolution thus leading to an unambiguous identification of actin as well as
      DNase I electron density. Furthermore the correct hand of the actin structure is
      determined from the DNase I atomic structure. The resolution of the actin
      structure was extended to 4.5 A by using a single heavy-atom derivative and the
      knowledge of the atomic coordinates of DNase I. The dimensions of an actin
      subunit are 67 A X 40 A X 37 A. It consists of a small and a large domain, the
      small domain containing the N terminus. Actin is an alpha,beta-protein with a
      beta-pleated sheet in each domain. These sheets are surrounded by several alpha
      helices, comprising at least 40% of the structure. The phosphate peak of the
      adenine nucleotide is located between the two domains. The complex of actin and
      DNase I as found in solution (i.e., the actin:DNase I contacts which do not
      depend on crystal packing) was deduced from a comparison of monoclinic with
      orthorhombic crystals. Residues 44-46, 51, 52, 60-62 of DNase I are close to a
      loop region in the small domain of actin. At a distance of approximately 15 A
      there is a second contact in the large domain in which Glu13 of DNase I is
      involved. A possible binding region for myosin is discussed.

PMID- 4065104
TI  - Hypertensive responses during operation for phaeochromocytoma: a study of plasma
      catecholamine and haemodynamic changes.
AB  - Virtually all patients undergoing resection of a phaeochromocytoma exhibit
      hypertensive crises at some period perioperatively. In order to study the events
      associated with hypertensive responses, cardiovascular variables were measured
      with a Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery catheter and plasma catecholamine levels were
      determined simultaneously in eight patients during surgery for phaeochromocytoma.
      Hypertensive responses requiring vasodilator treatment occurred in five patients,
      i.e. systolic blood pressure (BP) greater than 200 mmHg for more than 1 min.
      Transient elevation, at least in systolic BP, to greater than 200 mmHg occurred
      in all patients. Hypertensive responses were identified associated with two
      circumstances: the first in association with noxious stimuli, i.e. intubation,
      skin incision, etc., but were not generally accompanied by an elevation in plasma
      noradrenaline and adrenaline levels; the second occurring during tumour
      manipulation were more severe and were always accompanied by elevated plasma
      noradrenaline and adrenaline levels. Transient left ventricular dysfunction,
      defined by increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and decreased
      cardiac index (CI) secondary to a marked increase in systemic vascular resistance
      (SVR), was observed in four patients during palpation of the tumour, while one
      patient exhibited more marked and prolonged ventricular dysfunction. It is
      concluded that hypertensive responses associated with noxious stimuli may be
      controlled with deep anaesthesia while those due to tumour manipulation cannot be
      prevented and are best treated with vasodilators.

PMID- 4065105
TI  - The influence of ketamine on both normal and raised intracranial pressure of
      artificially ventilated animals.
AB  - The effect of two different doses of ketamine, 0.5 mg kg-1 body weight, and 2.0
      mg kg-1 body weight, on intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure
      were investigated in 21 young pigs (26-34 kg) under controlled artificial
      ventilation. Three groups each containing seven animals were studied: Group 1.
      Initially normal blood pressure and an intracranial pressure within the normal
      range (10.7 mmHg). Group 2. Normal blood pressure and increased intracranial
      pressure caused by inflating an epidural balloon (29.2 mmHg). Group 3. Increased
      intracranial pressure (32.7 mmHg) and mean arterial pressure reduced by
      approximately 30% through controlled haemorrhage. There was no increase in
      intracranial pressure from either normal or initially increased values. This
      applied to animals with normal blood pressure values and also to those in
      haemorrhagic shock. This observation can be explained by the lack of an increase
      in PCO2 under controlled ventilation. During haemorrhagic shock cerebral
      perfusion pressure fell significantly as a result of the fall in mean arterial
      pressure. This particularly applied to the 2.0 mg kg-1 dose of ketamine. We
      therefore consider volume substitution to be essential in this situation.

PMID- 4065106
TI  - Evaluation of the combined effects of atropine and domperidone on the lower
      oesophageal sphincter.
AB  - The effects of sequential administration of both domperidone followed by
      atropine, and atropine followed by domperidone were examined on the lower
      oesophageal sphincter of 10 healthy volunteers. Domperidone, 10 mg, increased
      lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (LOSP) within 10 min of injection. Atropine,
      0.6 mg given at the time of peak effect of domperidone, subsequently decreased
      LOSP. However, frequent measurement of LOSP during the succeeding 40 min
      demonstrated that LOSP did not decrease significantly below control levels during
      this drug sequence. When the drugs were administered in the reverse sequence,
      atropine, 0.6 mg, decreased LOSP within 5 min of injection and subsequent
      administration of domperidone, at the time of peak effect of the atropine,
      resulted in a gradual increase in LOSP. However, control values were not
      approached until 30 min had elapsed after the administration of the domperidone.

PMID- 4065108
TI  - Fitness changes of Naval women following aerobic based programs featuring
      calisthenic or circuit weight training exercises.
AB  - Two research investigations were undertaken to determine the effects of
      experimental aerobic/circuit weight training (A/CWT) and standard Navy
      aerobic/calisthenic (A/CAL) training on fitness parameters. Study I Subjects were
      22 female officer and enlisted personnel aged 24 to 34 years (mean = 28.2). The
      women followed a 10-week A/CWT program working at an intensity of 60% of
      determined one repetition maximum (1RM). These women showed significant (p less
      than 0.05) improvements in dynamic muscular strength, muscular endurance, and
      stamina. Only upper torso static strength was unaffected by training. Study II
      Participants were 115 female recruits aged 17 to 34 years (mean = 20.4). They
      were randomly assigned to one of three training groups: 1) aerobic/calisthenic
      training (A/CAL) (N = 58); 2) aerobic/circuit weight training at 40% (A/CWT-40)
      of maximum strength determined for a single repetition (1RM) of the lifting
      exercises (N = 26); and 3) aerobic/circuit weight training at 70% (A/CWT-70) of
      determined 1RM (N = 30). Results showed that standard recruit A/CAL training did
      not significantly (p less than 0.05) enhance upper torso dynamic strength (except
      the lat-pulldown test) or stamina. A/CWT-70 elicited significantly (p less than
      0.05) higher gains in several tests of upper torso strength than A/CAL or A/CWT
      40. These results suggest that A/CWT offers a way to develop the required upper
      torso strength of Navy women.

PMID- 4065107
TI  - The influence of muscle metabolic characteristics on physical performance.
AB  - This study describes the influence of muscle fiber type composition, enzyme
      activities and capillary supply on muscle strength, local muscle endurance or
      aerobic power and capacity. Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus
      lateralis in thirteen physically active men. Histochemical staining procedures
      were applied to assess the percentage of fast twitch (FT) fibers, muscle fiber
      area, and capillary density. Also, the activity of citrate synthase (CS),
      creatine kinase (CK), hexokinase (HK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and
      phosphofructokinase (PFK) were analysed using fluorometrical assays. Peak torque
      at 'low' and 'high' angular velocities was measured during leg extension.
      Similarly, muscle fatigue (e.g. peak torque decline) and recovery from a short
      term exercise task were measured during maximal, voluntary consecutive leg
      extensions. Aerobic power (VO2max) and aerobic capacity (e.g. onset of blood
      lactate concentration; OBLA), as defined by a blood lactate concentration of 4
      mol X 1(-1) were measured during cycling. Peak torque at a high angular velocity
      was positively correlated with % FT area (p less than 0.001). Fatigue and
      recovery were correlated with LDH X CS-1 (p less than 0.001). WOBLA was best
      correlated with PFK and PFK X CS-1 (p less than 0.001). Hence, muscle strength
      was partly determined by fiber type composition whereas local muscle endurance,
      recovery and aerobic capacity reflect mainly capillary supply and the activity of
      key enzymes involved in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism.

PMID- 4065109
TI  - Human skeletal muscle fiber type alteration with high-intensity intermittent
      training.
AB  - The response of muscle fiber type proportions and fiber areas to 15 weeks of
      strenuous high-intensity intermittent training was investigated in twenty-four
      carefully ascertained sedentary (14 women and 10 men) and 10 control (4 women and
      6 men) subjects. The supervised training program consisted mainly of series of
      supramaximal exercise lasting 15 s to 90 s on a cycle ergometer. Proportions of
      muscle fiber type and areas of the fibers were determined from a biopsy of the
      vastus lateralis before and after the training program. No significant change was
      observed for any of the histochemical characteristics in the control group.
      Training significantly increased the proportion of type I and decreased type IIb
      fibers, the proportion of type IIa remained unchanged. Areas of type I and IIb
      fibers increased significantly with training. These results suggest that high
      intensity intermittent training in humans may alter the proportion of type I and
      the area of type I and IIb fibers and in consequence that fiber type composition
      in human vastus lateralis muscle is not determined solely by genetic factors.

PMID- 4065110
TI  - The effects of mild one-legged isometric or dynamic training.
AB  - Four men isometrically trained their stronger leg for 19 weeks (attempted knee
      extension against a restraining strap incrementally increasing to 30 brief
      maximal contractions X 6 wk-1). Five others similarly trained dynamically
      (repeated knee extension against a 63 N resistance force, incrementally
      increasing to 300 extensions X 6 wk-1). Before, at regular intervals during
      training and after de-training (between 7-11 weeks) measurements were made using
      trained and control legs of: Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction (M.V.C.),
      Endurance at 60% M.V.C., Knee Extension Performance Test (K.E.P.T.) and One
      legged Work Test. Isometric training produced a 30% (p less than 0.01) increase
      in M.V.C. with a 15% (p less than 0.05) increase in the control leg. These
      changes persisted with some deterioration after the de-training period. Endurance
      at 60% M.V.C. remained unchanged, even though M.V.C. was increasing in both
      trained and control legs. There was some evidence that isometric training
      improved the cardio-vascular response to one-legged exercise. Dynamic training
      did not result in changes in M.V.C., Endurance at 60% M.V.C. or the One-legged
      work Test, but K.E.P.T. (time taken for 50 knee extensions at a comfortable pace
      against 63 N resistance) improved by 33% (p less than 0.01) and 28% (p less than
      0.01) in the trained and control legs respectively. Isometric training resulted
      in similar improvements in performance of K.E.P.T. (28%, p less than 0.05,
      trained leg; 18%, p less than 0.05 control leg). For similar time spent in
      training, isometric work appeared more effective than dynamic work in improving
      the parameters of muscle function, these improvements appeared to be both
      centrally (C.N.S.) and locally mediated.

PMID- 4065111
TI  - Ventilatory anaerobic threshold in healthy children. Age and sex differences.
AB  - The ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) during graded exercise was defined as
      the oxygen uptake (VO2) immediately below the exercise intensity at which
      pulmonary ventilation increased disproportionally relative to VO2. Since VAT is
      considered to be a sensitive and noninvasive measure for evaluating
      cardiorespiratory endurance performance, the purpose of the present study was to
      determine normal values in children. We examined 257 healthy children (140 boys
      and 117 girls) varying in age from 5.7 to 18.5 years, during treadmill exercise.
      The data were analyzed in relation to sex and age. In boys the lowest VO2max (ml
      X min-1 X kg-1) was found in the youngest age group (5-6 year). In girls, on the
      other hand, no significant increase occurred with age. For VAT, expressed as ml
      O2 X min-1 X kg-1 or as a percent of VO2max, a significant decrease was found in
      boys and girls with age. This suggests an increase in lactacid anaerobic capacity
      during growth. In contrast to observations in adults, only low correlations were
      found between VO2max and VAT (r = 0.28 in boys and r = 0.52 in girls), which
      suggests that the development of the underlying physiological mechanism does not
      occur at the same rate in growing children. These data provide normal values for
      VAT that can be used for clinical exercise testing in the pediatric age group.

PMID- 4065112
TI  - On a model of human bioenergetics.
AB  - A three component hydraulic model has been proposed to represent the energy flows
      during human exercise and recovery. This model was accompanied by a sketch
      indicative of the graphical solution but had not been solved mathematically. This
      paper describes the model and demonstrates the method of mathematical solution,
      illustrated with a numerical example. Plotted graphically, this particular
      solution differs from both the "sketch solution" and from what actually happens
      under experimental conditions. These points of discrepancy are discussed with a
      view to their rectification and the development of a refined model.

PMID- 4065113
TI  - Effect of food intake on exercise fatigue in trained and untrained subjects.
AB  - The effects of carbohydrate and fat intake on exercise-induced fatigue was
      investigated in 30 untrained--(VO2max of 40.6 +/- 2.7 ml X kg-1 X min-1) and 24
      trained-subjects (VO2max of 52.3 +/- 2.7 ml X kg-1 X min-1) performing a 34 km
      march with a 25 kg backpack. Marching time was 8 1/2 h and 6 1/3 h in the
      untrained and trained-subjects respectively. The subjects were divided into 3
      dietary groups. One group had free access to sugar cubes, the second group was
      offered almonds and the third one served as a control. Triglyceride levels
      decreased by 65 mg X dl-1 in untrained, and by 115 mg X dl-1 in trained subjects,
      while blood glucose remained at normal levels. In the untrained subjects,
      ingestion of almonds delayed the subjective sensation of exhaustion, while 50% of
      the controls and the sugar consuming subjects complained of exhaustion. The data
      suggest that ingestion of food containing fat delays exercise induced exhaustion
      or fatigue to a greater extent than does carbohydrate ingestion.

PMID- 4065114
TI  - Muscle weakness following sustained and rhythmic isometric contractions in man.
AB  - The effects of sustained and rhythmically performed isometric contractions on
      electrically evoked twitch and tetanic force generation of the triceps surae have
      been investigated in 4 healthy male subjects. The isometric contractions were
      performed separately and on different occasions at 30%, 60% and 100% of the force
      of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). The area under the maximal voluntary
      contraction (MVC) force/time curve during the rhythmic and sustained contractions
      was the same for each experiment. The results showed that following rhythmic
      isometric exercise there was a small decrease in low (10 and 20 Hz) and high (40
      Hz) frequency tetanic tension which was associated with % MVC. However, there was
      no change in the 20/40 ratio of tetanic forces, MVC or the contraction times and
      force of the maximal twitch. In contrast, following sustained isometric exercise
      tetanic forces were markedly reduced, particularly at low frequencies of
      stimulation. The 20/40 ratio decreased and the induced muscle weakness was
      greater at 30% than 60% or 100% MVC. The performance of sustained isometric
      contractions also effected a decrease in contraction time of the twitch and MVC.
      The results are in accord with previous findings for dynamic work (Davies and
      White 1982), and show that if isometric exercise is performed rhythmically the
      effect on tetanic tensions is small and there is no evidence of a preferential
      loss of electrically evoked force at either high or low frequencies of
      stimulation following the contractions. For sustained contractions, however, the
      opposite is true, the ratio of 20/40 Hz forces is markedly reduced and following
      30% sustained MVC there is a significant (p less than 0.05) change in the time to
      peak tension (TPT) of the maximal twitch.

PMID- 4065115
TI  - Oxygen uptake kinetics in trained athletes differing in VO2max.
AB  - Previous work has shown that when VO2 kinetics are compared for endurance trained
      athletes and untrained subjects, the highly trained athletes have a faster
      response time. However, it remains to be determined whether the more rapid
      adjustment of VO2 toward steady state in athletes is due to VO2max differences or
      training adaptation alone. One approach to this problem is to study the time
      course of VO2 kinetics at the onset of work in athletes who differ in VO2max but
      have similar training habits. Therefore, the purpose of these experiments was to
      compare the time course of VO2 kinetics at the onset of exercise in athletes with
      similar training routines but who differ in VO2max. Ten subjects (VO2max range 50
      70 ml . kg-1 . min-1) performed 6-minutes of cycle ergometer exercise at
      approximately 50% VO2max. Ventilation and gas exchange were monitored by open
      circuit techniques. The data were modeled with a single component exponential
      function incorporating a time delay, (TD); delta VO2t = delta VO2ss (1-e-t
      TD/tau), where tau is the time constant delta VO2t is the increase in VO2 at time
      t and delta VO2ss is the steady-rate increment above resting VO2. Kinetic
      analysis revealed a range of VO2 half times from 21.6 to 36.0 s across subjects
      with a correlation coefficient of r = -0.80 (p less than 0.05) between VO2max and
      VO2 half time. These data suggest that in highly trained individuals with similar
      training habits, those with a higher VO2max achieve a more rapid VO2 adjustment
      at the onset of work.

PMID- 4065116
TI  - Dynamics of sweating in men and women during passive heating.
AB  - The dynamics of sweating was investigated at rest in 8 men and 8 women.
      Electrical skin resistance (ESR), rectal temperature (Tre) and mean skin
      temperature (Tsk) were measured in subjects exposed to 40 degrees C environmental
      temperature, 30% relative air humidity, and 1 m X s-1 air flow. Sweat rate was
      computed from continuous measurement of the whole body weight loss. It was found
      that increases in Tre, Tsk and mean body temperature (Tb) were higher in women
      than in men by 0.16, 0.38 and 0.21 degrees C, but only the difference in delta Tb
      was significant (p less than 0.05). The dynamics of sweating in men and women
      respectively, was as follows: delay (td) 7.8 and 18.1 min (p less than 0.01),
      time constant (tau) 7.5 and 8.8 min (N.S.), inertia time (ti) 15.3 and 26.9 min
      (p less than 0.002), and total body weight loss 153 and 111 g X m-2 X h-1 (p less
      than 0.001). Dynamic parameters of ESR did not differ significantly between men
      and women. Inertia times of ESR and sweat rate correlated in men (r = 0.93, p
      less than 0.001), and in women (r = 0.76, p less than 0.02). In men, delta Tre
      correlated with inertia time of sweat rate (r = 0.81, p less than 0.01) as well
      as with the inertia time of ESR (r = 0.83, p less than 0.001). No relation was
      found between delta Tre and the dynamics of sweating in women. It is concluded
      that the dynamics of sweating plays a decisive role in limiting delta Tre in men
      under dry heat exposure. The later onset of sweating in women does not influence
      the rectal temperature increase significantly. In women, delta Tre is probably
      limited by a complex interaction of sweating, skin blood flow increase, and
      metabolic rate decrease.

PMID- 4065118
TI  - The effect of exercise on the production and clearance of testosterone in well
      trained young men.
AB  - Tritium-labelled testosterone was infused into four well-trained subjects at rest
      and during one hour of exercise at about 60% of their maximum aerobic power. This
      exercise regime led to a mean increase of 27% (range 10-51%) in plasma
      testosterone concentration. At the same time there were significant decreases in
      the estimated hepatic plasma flow (EHPF) (45%; range 28-67%), metabolic clearance
      rate of testosterone (MCRT) (29%; range 18-37%) and plasma volume (8.2%; range 3
      10%). The production rate of testosterone decreased by 10% (range 9-22%) but this
      was not statistically significant. The ratio MCRT:EHPF increased in 3 out of 4
      subjects in response to exercise but there was considerable inter-subject
      variation both at rest and during exercise. These findings suggest that the
      exercise-induced elevation of testosterone level is due solely to the reduction
      in the rate at which testosterone is cleared from the plasma. The principal cause
      of the reduction in MCRT is probably the reduction in EHPF but the variation in
      the ratio MCRT:EHPF suggests that changes in the extrahepatic clearance of
      testosterone may also be involved.

PMID- 4065117
TI  - Learned control of heart rate during exercise in patients with borderline
      hypertension.
AB  - Twelve patients with borderline hypertension [less than or equal to 21 X 33/12.6,
      greater than or equal to 18 X 6/12.0 kPa (less than or equal to 160/95; greater
      than or equal to 140/90 mm Hg)] participated in an experiment aimed at testing
      whether they could learn to attenuate heart rate while exercising on a cycle
      ergometer. Six experimental (E) subjects received beat-to-beat heart-rate
      feedback and were asked to slow heart rate while exercising; six control (C)
      subjects received no feedback. Averaged over 5 days (25 training trials) the
      exercise heart-rate of the E group was 97.8 bt min-1, whereas the C group
      averaged 107 bt min-1 (P = 0.03). Systolic blood pressure was unaffected by
      feedback training. Generally, changes in rate-pressure product reflected changes
      in heart-rate. Oxygen consumption was lower in the E than in the C group late in
      training. We conclude that neurally mediated changes associated with exercise in
      patients with borderline hypertension can be brought under behavioral control
      through feedback training.

PMID- 4065119
TI  - A comparison of contractile properties in human arm and leg muscles.
AB  - Isometric twitch properties have been compared in two pairs of opposing human
      limb muscles; these were the brachial biceps and triceps, and the anterior tibial
      and plantarflexor muscles. All four muscles were examined in each of 24 healthy
      subjects (16 men and 8 women). The brachial triceps had the shortest contraction
      and half-relaxation times and the greatest twitch potentiation, while the
      plantarflexors had the most prolonged twitches and least potentiation; the
      anterior tibial and brachial biceps muscles had similar characteristics.
      Susceptibility to fatigue was less in the plantarflexors than in the other three
      muscles. When muscles were assessed without reference to their anatomical sites,
      a significant relationship was noted between contraction time and potentiation,
      but not between either of these features and fatiguability. There was no evidence
      that muscles were uniformly 'faster' or 'slower' in some subjects than in others.

PMID- 4065120
TI  - Comparison of two modalities when exerting isometric contractions.
AB  - In order to verify whether the method employed to obtain an isometric contraction
      has any effects on the time for which the contraction can be sustained as well as
      the consequent cardiocirculatory responses, nine male subjects, from 23 to 42
      years of age, carried out isometric contractions of the elbow flexor muscles
      against either a suspended weight (W) or a fixed strain gauge (SG). The maximum
      voluntary contraction (MVC) appears to be identical in both instances; and, for a
      given percentage of MVC, the limit-time of the isometric contraction and its
      accompanying heart rate changes reveal no significant differences in the two
      cases.

PMID- 4065121
TI  - The increase of perceived exertion, aches and pain in the legs, heart rate and
      blood lactate during exercise on a bicycle ergometer.
AB  - This study was designed to show the general increase in perceived exertion,
      perception of aches or pain in the legs, heart rate (HR), and blood lactate, and
      the covariance between these variables during bicycle ergometer work, and to
      describe individual differences both within and between power levels by testing a
      large group (28 male students). Estimates of perceived exertion and feelings of
      aches or pain in the legs were recorded using Borg's category-ratio scale (CR
      10). The subjects were tested with a stepwise increase of power levels with 40 W
      increments up to a voluntary maximum. Though HR increases fairly linearly with
      power, the other variables follow positively accelerating functions with
      exponents of about 1.6-2 for the perceptual variables, and an exponent of about 3
      for blood lactate. The results from the 8 most fit subjects could be described in
      the same way as for the whole group except for blood lactate, where there was a
      need to include a threshold value (b), that, together with a rest value (a),
      shows the starting point of the function (R = a + c(W - Wo)n). The data support
      the idea that a combination of heart rate and blood lactate is a better predictor
      of perceived exertion and feelings of aches and pain in the legs, than is each of
      the single physiological variables taken alone.

PMID- 4065122
TI  - Transfer effects in endurance exercise. Adaptations in trained and untrained
      muscles.
AB  - The effects of 8 weeks of bicycle endurance training (5 X /week for 30 min) on
      maximal oxygen uptake capacity (VO2max) during arm and leg ergometry, and on the
      ultrastructure of an untrained arm muscle (m. deltoideus), and a trained leg
      muscle (m. vastus lateralis) were studied. With the training, leg-VO2max for
      bicycling increased by +13%, while the capillary per fiber ratio and the volume
      density of mitochondria in m. vastus lateralis increased by +15% and +40%,
      respectively. In contrast, the untrained m. deltoideus showed an unchanged
      capillary per fiber ratio and a decreased mitochondrial volume density (-17%).
      Despite this decrease of mitochondrial volume arm-VO2max increased by +9%. It
      seems unlikely that the observed discrepancy can be explained by cardiovascular
      adaptations, since arm cranking did not fully tax the cardiovascular system (arm
      VO2max/leg-VO2max: 0.74 and 0.71 before and after training, respectively). Thus
      neither cardiovascular adaptations nor local structural changes in the untrained
      muscles could explain the increased arm-VO2max. However, the enhanced capacity
      for lactate clearance after endurance training could be sufficient to account for
      the larger VO2max during arm cranking. We propose that an increased net oxidation
      of lactate might be responsible for the increased arm-VO2max found after bicycle
      endurance training.

PMID- 4065123
TI  - Physiological adaptations and activity recorded at a polar base.
AB  - Physiological parameters and activity were recorded monthly on 19 men wintering
      at a polar base. A comparison was made between those in their first Antarctic
      winter (Group A, n = 13) and those in their second consecutive Antarctic winter
      (Group B, n = 6). Group A were more active (p less than 0.001) and spent more
      time outside (p less than 0.001) during the summer months than during the darker
      and colder winter period. Combined data showed no correlation between total
      activity and meteorological conditions, but a clear (p less than 0.001) negative
      correlation with time spent outside and wind speed. In the first part of the year
      group A became fitter (as shown by a lower heart rate at a VO2 1.51 min-1),
      increased basal oxygen uptake under standard conditions and put on body and fat
      mass. These changes were not demonstrated in group B living and working under
      identical conditions. Lean body mass of both groups rose throughout the year (A,
      p less than 0.001; B, p less than 0.05). These data suggested that the changes in
      physiological parameters in group A were in response to the life style and
      activity of a polar base, rather than to the Antarctic climate per se.

PMID- 4065124
TI  - Comparison of office chairs with fixed forwards or backwards inclining, or
      tiltable seats.
AB  - Three adjustments of an office chair seat: one inclining +10 degrees (forwards),
      one inclining -5 degrees (backwards), and one being freely tiltable from -8
      degrees to +19.5 degrees were investigated using two groups of healthy female
      workers in a field (n = 12), and a laboratory study (n = 10), respectively. The
      seat adjustments were examined with regard to effects on foot swelling, lumbar
      muscular load, backrest pressure and subjective acceptability. Desk-work and
      typing were compared according to lumbar muscular activity, seat movements
      (tiltable seat), and backrest pressure. Foot swelling tended to increase with
      increasing seat height but was not influenced by the ability to tilt the seat or
      not. With the different seat adjustments lumbar muscular activity did not change
      systematically in spite of greater backrest pressure when the seat inclined
      backwards. The tiltable seat was preferred to the others. Typing was associated
      with a more constrained and tens posture than desk work, because movements,
      transferred to the tiltable seat, decreased and the muscular load increased.
      Backrest pressure was highest during typing. A tendency towards gradually
      increasing restlessness (i.e. seat movements) and increasing forward inclination
      of the tiltable seat with time was observed.

PMID- 4065125
TI  - A prediction equation for indirect assessment of anaerobic threshold in male
      distance runners.
AB  - The predictability of anaerobic threshold (AT) from maximal aerobic power,
      distance running performance, chronological age, and total running distance
      achieved on the treadmill (TRD) was investigated in a sample of 53 male distance
      runners, 17-23 years of age. The dependent variable was oxygen uptake (Vo2) at
      which AT was detected (i.e. Vo2 @ AT). A regression analysis of the data
      indicated Vo2 @ AT could be predicted from the following four measurements with a
      multiple R = 0.831 and a standard error of the estimate of 2.66 ml . min-1 . kg
      1: Vo2max (67.9 +/- 5.7 ml . min-1 . kg-1), 1,500-m running performance (254.5 +/
      14.2 s), TRD (6.82 +/- 1.13 km), and age (19.4 +/- 2.2 years). When independent
      variables were limited to Vo2max (X1) and 1,500-m running performance (X2) for
      simpler assessment, a multiple R = 0.806 and a standard error of the estimate of
      2.76 ml . min-1 . kg-1 were computed. A useful prediction equation with this
      predictive accuracy was considered to be Vo2 @ AT = 0.386X1 - 0.128X2 + 57.11. To
      determine if the prediction equation developed for the 53 male distance runners
      could be generalized to other samples, cross-validation of the equation was
      tested, using 21 different distance runners, 17-22 years of age. A high
      correlation (R = 0.927) was obtained between Vo2 AT predicted from the above
      equation and directly measured Vo2 @ AT. It is concluded that the generalized
      equation may be applicable to young distance runners for indirect assessment of
      Vo2 @ AT.

PMID- 4065126
TI  - Effects of dietary sodium on body and muscle potassium content during heat
      acclimation.
AB  - It has been suggested that renal conversion of sodium (Na+) during training in
      hot environments results in potassium (K+) deficiencies. This investigation
      examined the influence of two levels of dietary Na+ intake (399 vs 98 mmol X d-1)
      on intramuscular, urinary, sweat, and whole body K+ homeostasis. Nine
      unacclimated, untrained males underwent heat acclimation during two 8 day dietary
      exercise regimens (40.1 +/- 0.1 degrees C, 23.5 +/- 0.4% RH). Both diets resulted
      in depressed urinary K+ excretion. Sweat K+ and muscle K+ concentrations were not
      altered by diets or acclimation. The whole body stores of Na+ increased 31.1%
      (+916.8 mmol) during the high Na+ diet and decreased 7.8% (-230.4 mmol) during
      the low Na+ diet; whole body stores of K+ increased 4.1% (+137.6 mmol) during the
      high Na+ diet and increased 3.4% (+113.6 mmol) during the low Na+ diet. This
      dietary-acclimation protocol did not result in whole-body or intramuscular K+
      deficits and offers no evidence to support previous claims that dietary sodium
      levels affect K+ balance.

PMID- 4065127
TI  - Comparative plethysmography; evidence for a hydrostatic effect on foot blood
      flow.
AB  - Blood flow in the right foot of 11 subjects was measured simultaneously by a
      strain gauge placed around the mid metatarsal circumference of the foot and a
      water displacement plethysmograph in which the foot was resting. A close linear
      correlation (r = 0.88) between the results of the two methods existed over a wide
      range of blood flows. It was apparent however that blood flow at the mid
      metatarsal region of the foot was only about 30% of the total foot blood flow
      measured by the plethysmograph. The likely cause of this finding is the varying
      proportion of bone to soft tissue along the length of the foot. It was observed
      that the strain gauge estimates of blood flow increased two to three fold when
      the plethysmograph was emptied, an effect that was abolished by refilling the
      plethysmograph. These changes were highly statistically significant (P less than
      0.01) in all ten subjects in whom this comparison was made. The application of
      progressively increasing hydrostatic pressure in a further 4 subjects
      demonstrated that the reduction in blood flow was proportional to the pressure
      applied. Explanations for this effect based upon small temperature and pressure
      changes altering strain gauge performance are excluded. Three mechanisms are
      proposed, based upon an increase in venous leakage, a reduction in arterial
      inflow and the consequence of increased capillary filling occurring as a result
      of hydrostatic pressure within the plethysmograph.

PMID- 4065128
TI  - The relationship between anaerobic performance and muscle metabolic capacity and
      fibre distribution.
AB  - Relationships between functional anaerobic indicators and the character of
      cellular muscle energy metabolism were studied. Twelve untrained male students
      were tested by a specific anaerobic test on the treadmill. The mean values of the
      anaerobic test were as follows: blood lactate 10.69 mmol . 1(-1), running speed
      16.08 km . h-1 and duration 92.67 s. The average distribution of muscle fibres
      (m. vastus lateralis) was: type I 52.2%, type II A 29.0% and type II B 18.8%. The
      mean enzyme activity values were: triosephosphate dehydrogenase (TPDH) 4.67 mu
      kat . g-1 w.w., lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 5.76 mu kat . g-1 w.w, citrate
      synthase (CS) 0.21 mu kat . g-1 w.w. and hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) 0.12
      mu kat . g-1 w.w. Significant negative correlations were found between delta LA
      and CS (r = 0.64) and % of fibre type II B and CS (r = 0.78) and positive
      correlations between % of fibre type I and CS and/or HAD (r = 0.60 and r = 0.62,
      respectively).

PMID- 4065129
TI  - Urea excretion in sweat during short-term efforts of high intensity.
AB  - The sweat urea excretion during different types of short-term efforts of high
      intensity was examined in well trained competitors. It has been found that
      considerable amounts of urea were excreted in the sweat during each exercise test
      investigated. It is concluded that the purine nucleotide cycle was the source of
      ammonia for the increased urea formation during the efforts.

PMID- 4065130
TI  - Socio-economic factors in relation to lipid profiles in young girl athletes.
AB  - The influence of socio-economic factors on blood lipid values was studied in 4
      groups of young female athletes. Based on type of sport (gymnastics and swimming)
      and of training intensity, the participants were subdivided into 25 talented,
      high achievement gymnasts (age 12.3 +/- 1.6 (SD) year), 42 non-talented, low
      achievement gymnasts (age 12.0 +/- 1.2 (SD) year), 12 high achievement swimmers
      (age 10.3 +/- 1.6 (SD) year), and 24 low achievement swimmers (age 10.8 +/- 1.6
      (SD) year). With respect to socio-economic factors, no significant differences
      were observed between the two gymnastic groups nor between the two swimming
      groups. The blood lipid values revealed a significantly higher low density
      lipoprotein-cholesterol level and significantly lower high density lipoprotein
      cholesterol/total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol/low
      density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios in the talented gymnasts as compared to
      the non-talented gymnasts. In the high achievement swimmers, low density
      lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower and high
      density lipoprotein-cholesterol/total cholesterol was significantly higher as
      compared to the other swimmers. The Spearman rank order correlation coefficients
      for the relationships between socio-economic factors and blood lipid values were
      mostly weak or inconsistent. Therefore, no major influence of socio-economic
      factors on blood lipid values could be demonstrated in the groups investigated.

PMID- 4065131
TI  - The effect of increased respiratory resistance on glycogen and triglyceride
      levels in the respiratory muscles of the rat.
AB  - The effect of increased respiratory resistance (stenosis of the trachea) on
      glycogen and triglyceride levels in the diaphragm (D) and intercostal (external
      IE, internal-II) muscles was studied in the rat. Tracheal stenosis resulted in a
      reduction of glycogen level in the muscles. For the fed rats the reductions were:
      D-45 and 79%, IE-14 and 30%, II-14 and 35%, 0.5 and 3 h after stenosis,
      respectively. For rats fasted for 24 h the reductions were: D-64 and 86%, IE-33
      and 71%, II-40 and 82%, after 0.5 and 3 h respectively. The level of
      triglycerides in the muscles was stable during stenosis in the fed group, whereas
      in the fasted group it were reduced in the diaphragm by 50% after 0.5 h, and by
      52% after 3 h. It is concluded that both endogenous and blood-born energy fuels
      are utilized by the respiratory muscles during increased resistance breathing.

PMID- 4065132
TI  - Biochemical responses during recovery from maximal and submaximal swimming
      exercise.
AB  - We set out to demonstrate whether changes in plasma volume, haematocrit and some
      important blood constituents occurred after swimming 100 m and 800 m, as well as
      monitoring the duration of these changes. We measured exercise-induced changes in
      concentration of plasma constituents in eight subjects, and determined the
      expected effects of haemoconcentration on these constituents. We also
      investigated the different biochemical responses occurring after maximal exercise
      (100 m), as compared to submaximal exercise (800 m). The haematocrit increased
      significantly after the 100 m swim and to a lesser extent after the 800-m swim,
      returning to basal levels within 30 min. The plasma volume decreased by 16% on
      completion of the 100 m and by 8% on completion of the 800 m. The blood lactate
      concentration increased 15-fold and 10-fold after the 100-m and 800-m swims
      respectively. The plasma potassium concentration increased significantly
      immediately on completion of the 100-m swim, then decreased significantly at 2
      1/2 and 5 min post-exercise, returning to near-basal values at 30 min. The
      potassium concentration measured after the 800-m event did not differ
      significantly from basal levels, however the measured concentrations were
      significantly lower than the concentrations expected on the basis of
      haemoconcentration. The plasma sodium concentrations measured after both 100-m
      and 800-m swims were significantly increased. However, calculations correcting
      for haemoconcentration showed significant losses in total circulating sodium.

PMID- 4065133
TI  - On physiological edema in man's lower extremity.
AB  - To examine whether the so-called musculovenous pump counteracts the development
      of interstitial edema in the lower extremities of man in the upright position,
      the volume changes in the calf which occurred during twenty minutes of rhythmic
      muscular exercise were measured in twenty-three subjects by impedance
      plethysmography. The results were compared with the volume increase found during
      quiet relaxed standing for the same length of time. Contrary to the hypothesis,
      and edema-protective effect of the musculovenous pump could only be shown in
      about half the number of the subjects. In the others, muscular exercise led to
      increases in calf volume which were higher than those measured in the normal
      upright position. These results show that the calf muscle pump does not generally
      have a edema-protective effect but rather that muscle contractions also activate
      mechanisms which stimulate the extravasation of fluid. In a second test-series
      with twenty subjects, changes in calf volume were measured during the course of
      the day. In nearly all cases, the calf volume was greater in the evening than in
      the morning. It could be shown that the volume increases in the evening are
      caused by an increase in extravascular fluid. Compared to the increase in
      extravascular volume occurring during twenty minutes, in a normal upright
      position, the accumulation of extravascular fluid during the day is, however,
      remarkably low. Although it is still unknown how interstitial edema in man's
      lower extremities is prevented during the day, these findings lead to the
      hypothesis that the edema-preventing mechanisms, for instance the muscle
      lymphpump, do not become maximally effective until a certain volume has
      accumulated in the interstitial space.

PMID- 4065134
TI  - Gas chromatographic fatty acid profiles for characterisation of mycobacteria: an
      interlaboratory methodological evaluation.
AB  - Three species of mycobacteria were cultured and processed for cellular fatty acid
      analysis by capillary gas chromatography in three laboratories to study
      interlaboratory variations of the resulting chromatographic profiles. Largely
      consistent and characteristic fatty acid profiles were obtained, although there
      were minor quantitative variations in the patterns due to methodological
      differences (cultivation, hydrolysis, derivatization, gas chromatographic
      conditions etc.). The following points were important for achieving informative
      and reproducible results. A chemically defined growth medium (e.g., Proskauer
      Beck) provides more consistent profiles than the lipid-rich Lowenstein-Jensen
      medium. Harvesting directly into the digesting solution (NaOH or HCl in methanol)
      followed by heating or autoclaving is a simple and reliable way of releasing
      fatty acids. Care should be taken to ensure reproducible detection of long-chain
      alcohols either by using acid methanolysis or including a base-wash step in the
      procedure following alkaline hydrolysis. The temperature of the gas
      chromatographic injector should be at least 325 degrees C. A capillary column of
      a minimum length of 10 m coated with a methyl silicone is adequate. Our results
      indicate the possibility of recommending a practical and reproducible gas
      chromatographic procedure for mycobacterial characterisation.

PMID- 4065135
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of soluble Toxoplasma gondii
      antigen in acute-phase toxoplasmosis.
AB  - Sixty-two sera from 51 patients with lymphadenopathy presumed to be due to acute
      phase toxoplasmosis were tested for specific IgM class antibodies by both the
      immunofluorescence antibody to Toxoplasma gondii in sera were first dissociated
      in 3 M NaSCN. Antigen attached to the solid phase was detected with enzyme
      coupled IgG antibody to Toxoplasma antibody to Toxoplasma gondii in sera were
      first dissociated in 3 M NaSCN. Antigen attached to the solid phase was detected
      with enzyme-coupled IgG antibody to Toxoplasma gondii. Neither hepatitis B
      surface antigen nor antigen of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, rubella, cytomegalovirus or
      herpes simplex virus interfered with this ELISA. Soluble antigen was detected in
      13 (30%) of 42 IgM-positive acute-phase toxoplasmosis patients and in only one of
      20 sera cleared of IgM. None of an additional 44 IgM-negative patients with low
      IgG titres had a positive result in the antigen ELISA. Follow-up studies in four
      acute-phase toxoplasmosis patients showed that the soluble antigen cleared in all
      cases before the specific IgM antibodies. Simultaneous detection of IgM
      antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and soluble antigen would thus seem to indicate
      an early stage of the infection.

PMID- 4065136
TI  - Effect of chlorhexidine and acetic acid on phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear
      leucocytes.
AB  - The effect of two disinfectants, chlorhexidine and acetic acid, on host
      leucocytes and bacteria was studied. At a concentration of 50 mg/l, chlorhexidine
      was found to be bactericidal without interfering with leucocyte function. A
      concentration of 500 mg/l of acetic acid was neither leucotoxic nor bactericidal.
      Effects equivalent to the aforementioned were achieved in serum by increasing the
      chlorhexidine concentration by a factor of 20 and the acetic acid concentration
      by a factor of 5. Acetic acid reduced leucocyte function more rapidly than it
      killed bacteria. On the basis of these findings, chlorhexidine is to be preferred
      for local application in burn wounds to prevent colonisation and infection.

PMID- 4065137
TI  - Group JK corynebacteria in skin flora of healthy persons and patients.
AB  - The presence of group JK corynebacteria in the skin flora of the axilla and
      inguinal regions was monitored for several months in three groups comprising 45
      oncological patients, 49 dialysis patients and 36 healthy staff members. Oncology
      patients were colonised significantly more often (51%) than dialysis patients and
      staff members (33% and 36% respectively). The frequency of isolation did not
      differ between male patients and staff whereas female patients were colonised
      significantly more often than female staff members. The inguinal region was
      colonised more often than the axilla. Oncological patients had the highest
      proportion of antibiotic resistant group JK corynebacteria strains on their skin
      and staff members the lowest proportion.

PMID- 4065138
TI  - Identification of Clostridium difficile using the API ZYM system.
AB  - The use of the API ZYM system for the identification of Clostridium difficile was
      investigated. The enzyme profiles generated by this system readily distinguished
      strains of Clostridium difficile from other clostridia commonly isolated from
      faeces. Enzyme activity of Clostridium difficile was influenced by the
      composition of the culture medium but appeared to be independent of the age of
      the culture. Given careful standardisation of techniques the API ZYM system is a
      suitable alternative to conventional techniques for identification of Clostridium
      difficile.

PMID- 4065139
TI  - Pulmonary actinomycosis with endobronchial involvement.

PMID- 4065140
TI  - Suspected airport malaria in Spain.

PMID- 4065141
TI  - Systemic candidiasis in drug addicts.

PMID- 4065142
TI  - In vitro activity of amifloxacin against Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma
      urealyticum.

PMID- 4065143
TI  - Antibiotic susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida.

PMID- 4065144
TI  - Activity of carumonam and aztreonam against Klebsiella species.

PMID- 4065145
TI  - The effect of mevalonate on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity and
      the absolute rate of cholesterol biosynthesis in human monocyte-derived
      macrophages.
AB  - Normal monocyte-derived macrophages maintained in medium containing 20% whole
      serum exhibited a high activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA)
      reductase while expressing appreciable, but not maximal receptor-mediated uptake
      and degradation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Addition of extracellular
      mevalonate led to a concentration-dependent fall in both processes, although a
      higher concentration was required to produce the same effect on LDL degradation
      as on HMG-CoA reductase activity. The true rate of cholesterol synthesis by the
      cells was already high without mevalonate and was not further increased when the
      intracellular pool of mevalonate was expanded. After preincubation with
      lipoprotein-deficient serum receptor-mediated degradation of LDL was increased
      but HMG-CoA reductase activity was decreased. Both were more sensitive to
      extracellular mevalonate and a given concentration of mevalonate now produced the
      same percentage fall in LDL degradation and reductase activity. The amount of
      cholesterol synthesized by the cells was markedly reduced during incubation with
      lipoprotein-deficient serum, probably as a result of the decreased reductase
      activity compounded by a lack of endogenous substrate. If these were circumvented
      by adding mevalonate, cholesterol synthesis was restored to normal. These results
      suggest that the fall in HMG-CoA reductase activity during incubation with
      lipoprotein-deficient serum resulted from repression by some non-sterol product
      of mevalonate metabolism. They imply that the need for this product by cells
      growing in whole serum leads to a particularly high HMG-CoA reductase activity
      and could account for their apparent preference for endogenous synthesis of
      cholesterol rather than for receptor-mediated uptake of LDL.

PMID- 4065146
TI  - Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase from human liver. Primary structure,
      differences in relation to the cytosolic enzyme, and functional correlations.
AB  - The 500-residue amino acid sequence of the subunit of mitochondrial human liver
      aldehyde dehydrogenase is reported. It is the first structure determined for this
      enzyme type from any species, and is based on peptides from treatments with
      trypsin, CNBr, staphylococcal Glu-specific protease, and hydroxylamine. The chain
      is not blocked (in contrast to that of the acetylated cytosolic enzyme form), but
      shows N-terminal processing heterogeneity over the first seven positions.
      Otherwise, no evidence for subunit microheterogeneities was obtained. The
      structure displays 68% positional identity with that of the corresponding
      cytosolic enzyme, and comparisons allow functional interpretations for several
      segments. A region with segments suggested to participate in coenzyme binding is
      the most highly conserved long segment of the entire structure (positions 194
      274). Cys-302, identified in the cytosolic enzyme in relation to the disulfiram
      reaction, is also present in the mitochondrial enzyme. A new model of the active
      site appears possible and involves a hydrophobic cleft. Near-total lack of
      conservation of the N-terminal segments may reflect a role of the N-terminal
      region in signaling the transport of the mitochondrial protein chains. Non
      conservation of interior regions may reflect the differences between the two
      enzyme forms in subunit interactions, explaining the lack of heterotetrameric
      molecules. The presence of some internal repeat structures is also noted as well
      as apparently general features of differences between cytosolic and mitochondrial
      enzymes.

PMID- 4065147
TI  - Studies on the formation of intrachain disulphide bonds in newly biosynthesised
      bovine prolactin. Role of protein-disulphide isomerase.
AB  - Native disulphide-bonded prolactin (band III) was distinguished from reduced
      prolactin (band II) and intermediate unstable disulphide-linked conformations by:
      (a) faster mobility of the former in sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, and (b) high-pressure liquid chromatography analyses of tryptic
      digested peptides derived from prolactin in various conformations during its
      refolding pathway from reduced, unfolded to native conformation. The
      electrophoretic separation has been used to examine the state of disulphide
      bonding in newly synthesised prolactin translated from bovine pituitary mRNA in a
      rabbit reticulocyte translation system supplemented with nuclease-treated dog
      pancreatic microsomal membranes. The formation of correct disulphide pairing in
      prolactin (band III), synthesised in the in vitro translation system in the
      presence of pancreatic microsomes, required the presence of a thiol oxidant such
      as oxidised glutathione during the translation. The action of thiol oxidants on
      the in vitro biosynthesised and microsomally processed prolactin were both dose
      dependent and catalytic; non-thiol oxidants such as NAD+ and NADP+ were
      ineffective. Examination of the time course of addition of oxidised glutathione
      to translating lysates showed that efficient and correct disulphide pairing in
      newly biosynthesised prolactin occurred when the oxidant was present co
      translationally, but much lower yields of correctly disulphide-bonded prolactin
      were obtained when the oxidant was added after translation and processing were
      complete. The presence of protein-disulphide isomerase in dog pancreatic
      microsomes, employed in the in vitro translation system to process preprolactin,
      was demonstrated by (a) two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the
      membrane proteins, and (b) enzymic activity to accelerate reactivation of
      scrambled ribonuclease. Protein-disulphide isomerase activity was latent in
      intact microsomal vesicles, full activity being expressed upon sonication. A
      procedure has been devised to prepare pancreatic microsomal vesicles depleted of
      protein-disulphide isomerase which are active in processing and segregating in
      vitro biosynthesised prolactin. These membranes in the presence of low
      concentrations of oxidised glutathione are less active but in the presence of
      saturating levels of oxidised glutathione are fully competent in forming correct
      disulphide bridges in newly synthesised prolactin.

PMID- 4065148
TI  - Synthesis, transport and processing of cathepsin C in Morris hepatoma 7777 cells
      and rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The synthesis, transport and processing of cathepsin C was studied in Morris
      hepatoma 7777 cells by metabolic labelling, immunoprecipitation and
      characterization of labelled polypeptides by gel electrophoresis and
      fluorography. The largest detectable precursor of cathepsin C was a polypeptide
      of Mr = 92 500. Even 3 min after synthesis this precursor was accompanied by four
      polypeptides with Mr values ranging from 63 000 to 54 000, indicating cleavage of
      the precursors within the endoplasmic reticulum. The early forms of cathepsin C
      were associated with low-buoyant-density organelles containing the markers of
      endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. About 30% of these early forms were
      secreted within 3 h after synthesis. The remaining 70% were transferred into
      dense lysosomes and processed between 2 and 3 h after synthesis to a mixture of
      the least five major and nine minor polypeptides with Mr values ranging from 73
      000 to 12 000. These forms remained stable for at least 3 days. In freshly
      isolated hepatocytes cathepsin C was processed to forms closely related to those
      found in the hepatoma cells. Cathepsin C was synthesized in Morris hepatoma 7777
      cells as a glycoprotein with mannose-6-phosphate residues that mediated mannose-6
      phosphate-specific receptor-dependent uptake in human skin fibroblasts. In
      contrast to hepatocytes, synthesis of mannose-6-phosphate receptors in Morris
      hepatoma 7777 cells was below the limit of detection. The hepatoma cells did not
      express at the cell surface these or other receptors mediating endocytosis of
      lysosomal enzymes. Further, processing and transport of newly synthesized
      cathepsin C was largely resistant to NH4Cl. Apparently, cathepsin C is
      transferred in Morris hepatoma 7777 cells by a mechanism independent of mannose-6
      phosphate-specific receptors.

PMID- 4065149
TI  - Activation of dolichyl-phospho-mannose synthase by phospholipids.
AB  - Dolichyl-phospho-mannose synthase, or GDPmannose:dolichyl-phosphate
      mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.83), was solubilized from rat liver microsomes with
      1.0% Nonidet P-40 and the enzyme was further purified by column chromatography on
      DEAE-cellulose in the presence of 0.1% Nonidet P-40. The purified enzyme
      preparation (880-fold over microsomes) was unstable in the presence of detergent
      and had no activity in the presence of Nonidet P-40, Triton X-100, octyl beta
      glucoside, or deoxycholate. Detergent-free enzyme was active in the presence of
      phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) and in the presence of phospholipid mixtures of
      PtdEtn and phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) when the molar proportion of PtdCho was
      70% or less. The enzyme was inactive in the presence of PtdCho alone. Unsaturated
      species of PtdEtn have a tendency to destabilize membrane bilayers [Cullis, P. R.
      & de Kruijff, B. (1978) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 507, 207-218] and we have shown
      that dolichol promotes the destabilizing effect of PtdEtn on membranes composed
      of PtdCho and PtdEtn [Jensen, J. W. & Schutzbach, J. S. (1984) Biochemistry 23,
      115-1119]. These results suggest that dolichyl-P-mannose synthase is optimally
      active in a phospholipid matrix that contains some component phospholipids that
      prefer non-bilayer structural organization in isolation. Heat-inactivation and
      sedimentation experiments demonstrated that the synthase associated with PtdEtn
      in the presence of dolichyl-P. The PtdEtn-reconstituted enzyme catalyzed the
      reversible transfer of mannose from GDP-mannose to dolichyl-P. The Km for GDP
      mannose was found to be 0.69 microM and the apparent Km for dolichyl-P was 0.3
      microM. GMP, GDP, and GTP inhibited mannosyl transfer 50% at concentrations of 16
      microM, 1.3 microM and 3 microM respectively.

PMID- 4065150
TI  - Characterization of the purified molybdate-stabilized glucocorticoid receptor
      from rat liver. An in vitro transformable complex.
AB  - Rat liver glucocorticoid receptor was purified in the presence of molybdate by a
      three-step procedure comprising protamine sulfate precipitation, affinity
      chromatography on a dexamethasone matrix and high-performance size-exclusion
      chromatography (HPSEC) on a TSK G 3000 SW column. The [3H]triamcinolone-acetonide
      receptor complex was obtained in 20% yield with an overall 11 800-fold
      purification. The dissociation rate constant of this complex was 1.6 X 10(-4) min
      1. The purified receptor sedimented at 8.3 S in high-salt and 9.4 S in low-salt
      sucrose gradients containing molybdate. A 7.0-nm Stokes radius was determined by
      HPSEC on a TSK G 4000 column in high-salt buffer. The calculated Mr was 278000.
      Dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed an almost homogeneous
      90 000-Mr band. Three minor bands with Mr of 78 000, 72 000 and 48 000 were also
      inconstantly seen. An apparent pI = 5.1 was observed for the [3H]steroid complex
      by isoelectric focusing in agarose gel. Furthermore high-performance ion-exchange
      chromatography of the purified complex on a DEAE 545 LKB column (DEAE HPLC)
      yielded a sharp peak eluted at a 315 mM potassium ion concentration. This peak
      was shown to contain almost all the 90 000-Mr protein. Moreover the purified
      receptor complex appeared to be transformable to a DNA-binding state after
      molybdate removal followed by warming 30 min at 25 degrees C in presence of 0.2%
      bovine serum albumin: 50-78% transformation yield could be demonstrated by DNA
      cellulose chromatography. Partial transformation could also be obtained at 0
      degrees C in the absence of any added protein and was followed by DEAE HPLC. The
      transformed complex was eluted by 180 mM potassium.

PMID- 4065151
TI  - Bacteriophage CP-T1 of Vibrio cholerae. Identification of the cell surface
      receptor.
AB  - The attachment site on the cell surface of Vibrio cholerae for the bacteriophage
      CP-T1 has been determined. Purified lipopolysaccharide from the Inaba and Ogawa
      serotypes, and of both the Classical and El Tor biotype of strains of V. cholerae
      show equal phage-inactivating capacities. Lipopolysaccharide extracted from a CP
      T1-resistant mutant has no phage-inactivating capacity. Such mutants lack O
      antigen as demonstrated by bactericidal assays utilizing a monoclonal antibody
      directed against O-antigen side chain of V. cholerae lipopolysaccharide.
      Radiolabelling of lipopolysaccharide with 33P and analysis by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis also revealed the absence of O-antigen
      in phage-resistant strains. A number of V. cholerae typing phage show cross
      resistance with phage CP-T1.

PMID- 4065152
TI  - Solubilization of high-affinity [3H]tryptamine-binding sites from rat brain.
AB  - High-affinity binding sites for [3H]tryptamine from rat brain were solubilized by
      treatment with detergents. Digitonin was found to be most efficient. Triton X-100
      and Chaps were less and Lubrol-PX was even less effective. The properties of
      [3H]tryptamine binding were essentially unchanged by solubilization with
      digitonin. The equilibrium dissociation constant Kd was determined as 3.7 nM; the
      association and dissociation rates were ka = 0.019 nM-1 min-1 and kd = 0.032 min
      1, respectively, resulting in a calculated Kd of 3.6 nM. The structure activity
      profile of membrane-bound as well as solubilized binding sites was characterized
      by the high affinity of some beta-carbolines, especially harmaline, and the low
      affinity of 5-hydroxytryptamine. On glycerol gradient centrifugation the
      digitonin-[3H]tryptamine-binding-site complex sedimented at 12.8 S. Size
      exclusion chromatography on Sepharose 6B revealed a Stokes' radius of 5.9 nm.

PMID- 4065153
TI  - An evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy of phase analysis of data from
      radionuclide ventriculograms in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
AB  - It has been suggested that phase analysis of radionuclide ventriculograms may be
      of value for detecting and localising the abnormal sequence of ventricular
      contraction secondary to Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. The present study
      was undertaken to test this hypothesis. The space--time sequences of right- and
      left-ventricular action obtained from radionuclide ventriculograms obtained
      during rest studies were evaluated in 8 patients with WPW syndrome (confirmed by
      12-lead surface electrocardiography) and compared to those of 14 normal subjects.
      All of the latter showed a consistent ventricular activation pattern, i.e. the
      first site of ventricular activity in the upper septal region followed by a
      second site either at the base of the left ventricle or located apically. It was
      possible to diagnose 11 of the 14 normal subjects (specificity, 79%) and 7 of the
      8 patients (sensitivity, 88%). The 4 patients who had been classified as having a
      left-sided accessory bundle by surface electrocardiography were likewise
      diagnosed by phase analysis, as were the 2 patients with a confirmed right-sided
      bypass tract. Two patients with septal posterior accessory pathways could not be
      identified by phase analysis. Furthermore, cases with an activation pattern which
      closely resembled that of the 2 patients with right-sided accessory bundles were
      found to be normal from their ECGs. It is now necessary to evaluate phase
      analysis against invasive electrophysiological methods in such patients.

PMID- 4065154
TI  - Tellurium-labeled fatty-acid analogs: relationship of heteroatom position to
      myocardial kinetics.
AB  - To determine the effects of tellurium-heteroatom position on myocardial fatty
      acid kinetics, a series of tellurium Te 123m-labeled heptadecanoic-acid analogs
      (123mTe-THDA) were evaluated in dogs. The left-anterior descending coronary
      artery was partially occluded, and 123mTe-THDA labeled at either the 5, 6, 9, 10,
      11, 12, or 13 position from the carboxyl group was administered intravenously. In
      24 dogs, the 123mTe activity in the ischemic and normal zones was monitored
      continuously for 3 h using miniature radiation detectors. There were no
      significant differences between the ischemic- and normal-wall 123mTe clearance
      rates for any of the compounds. There was minimal fractional 3-h myocardial
      clearance for the 123mTe-THDA labeled at the 5, 6, and 9 position (range of
      means, 0.02-0.05). There was significant clearance of 123mTe-THDA labeled at the
      11, 12, and 13 position (range of means, 0.37-0.44). The myocardial clearance of
      the 123mTe-THDA labeled at the 10 position was intermediate between the two
      extremes. Thus, as the 123mTe heteroatom is placed further from the carboxyl
      portion of the molecule, there is a progressive increase in the myocardial
      clearance. Selection of the heteroatom position should depend on whether initial
      fatty-acid distribution or subsequent clearance rates are being studied.

PMID- 4065155
TI  - The reduction of inter- and intra-observer variability for defining regions of
      interest in nuclear medicine.
AB  - The use of region-of-interest (ROI) techniques to quantify data obtained in
      radionuclide images is commonplace. However, the reproducibility of quantitation
      due to inter- and intra-observer variations using particular methods of deriving
      ROIs is often not appreciated. We examined such variations in the results
      obtained by four independent observers of varying experience using four methods
      of depicting a ROI about an organ. The set of image data consisted of renal scans
      with varying target-to-background ratios, and the ROI facilities included two
      edge-detection methods. The results indicated that, once observers were
      experienced with edge-detection methods, a lower inter- and intra-observer
      variation could be achieved, although the technique of 'shrinking' a ROI about a
      subjectively chosen display level was reasonably satisfactory. In terms or
      reproducibility, the least satisfactory method of depicting a ROI was the
      commonly used manually guided 'bug' around arbitrarily chosen display levels
      representing the boundary of an organ.

PMID- 4065156
TI  - Effects of lisuride on blink reflex habituation in Parkinson disease.
AB  - The blink reflex presents a tendency to habituation (a gradual diminution of the
      amplitude of the response during repetitive stimulation). Electromyographic
      analysis of this reflex makes it possible to quantify this phenomenon. A lack of
      the habituation of the blink reflex is a typical feature of Parkinson disease. L
      Dopa and amantadine, but not anticholinergic drugs, are able to partly reverse
      these abnormalities in blink reflex habituation to a normal pattern. Lisuride, a
      dopamine agonist with serotoninergic activity, has been recently proposed as
      antiparkinsonian agent. In our study we observed that lisuride has a positive
      effect on blink reflex habituation in Parkinson disease. A good correlation
      between the improvement of this electrophysiological parameter and clinical
      akinesia was seen. Mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of lisuride are
      complex, but this drug usually has a postsynaptic effect on D2 receptors. Our
      data suggest that these receptors play an important role in blink reflex
      habituation.

PMID- 4065157
TI  - Baclofen as an analgesic in chronic peripheral nerve disease.
AB  - Baclofen has shown analgesic properties in a number of animal studies but has
      failed as a conventional analgesic in the human postoperative dental pain model.
      In order to test baclofen's analgesic properties in more chronic pain conditions,
      we selected postherpetic neuralgia and diabetic neuropathy pain as possible trial
      diseases for baclofen analgesia. 15 patients with postherpetic neuralgia and 10
      with diabetic neuropathy pain were treated with baclofen. In the spinal
      postherpetic neuralgia group and diabetic neuropathy group, there was little
      evidence of analgesic effect. 6 of 7 patients with facial postherpetic neuralgia
      had a good response to baclofen during the 3-week trial. Baclofen does not appear
      to be a conventional analgesic.

PMID- 4065158
TI  - Generalized and focal dystonic syndromes: possible therapy with salmon
      calcitonin.
AB  - We report that repeated administration of salmon calcitonin (20-40 micrograms
      daily for 30 days) improves dystonic symptoms in patients affected by idiopathic
      torsion dystonia, blepharospasm-oromandibular dystonia syndrome or writer's cramp
      syndrome. These results support the suggestion that calcitonin may act at central
      level influencing the extrapyramidal motor system.

PMID- 4065159
TI  - Uremic neuropathy: clinical and neurophysiological investigation of dialysis
      patients using different chemical membranes.
AB  - A clinical and neurophysiological study was carried out in a group of dialyzed
      patients suffering from uremic neuropathy in order to determine whether the use
      of different dialysis membranes can influence their clinical and
      neurophysiological parameters. The patients were divided into two groups: one
      group was dialyzed with Cuprophan (CUP) the other with polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
      membranes. Comparison of the two groups showed that the PAN membrane was more
      effective than the CUP membrane, both at the clinical and at the
      neurophysiological (nerve conduction velocity) levels. The patients who used the
      PAN membrane were also found to have lower blood PTH and magnesium levels. This
      difference was statistically significant. These preliminary results seem to
      confirm the hypothesis of the neurotoxicity of middle molecules in uremic
      neuropathy.

PMID- 4065160
TI  - Sensory signs and symptoms in scapuloperoneal atrophy: a report of a family.
AB  - A Norwegian family with asymmetrical scapuloperoneal atrophy is described.
      Chronic, aching shoulder pain, slight proximal and distal sensory dysfunction,
      and atrophy of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle occurred in some individuals.
      The proband had slightly impaired sensory conduction velocity, and his father
      exhibited impaired position sense and a vibration threshold asymmetry. EMG and
      muscle biopsy findings were equivocal. The syndrome is probably of neurogenic
      origin. It may be classified as a variant of Davidenkow's syndrome.

PMID- 4065161
TI  - An approach using lecithin treatment for olivopontocerebellar atrophies.
AB  - A therapeutic trial with two different lecithins, with 32 and 7%
      phosphatidylcholine respectively, was performed for 3 months on 11 patients with
      clinical diagnosis of dominant, recessive and sporadic olivopontocerebellar
      atrophies. The correlation between plasma choline levels and the clinical picture
      shows a clinical worsening with very high choline levels and a slight improvement
      with smaller increases of plasma choline levels. The possible role in these
      disorders of phosphatidylcholine and linoleic acid - both present in lecithin -
      is discussed, with relationship to these findings.

PMID- 4065162
TI  - Immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis--current status and future perspectives.
      September 15, 1984, Zurich, Switzerland. Abstracts.

PMID- 4065163
TI  - Reticular fiber deficiency in the intracranial arteries of patients with
      dissecting aneurysm and review of the possible pathogenesis of previously
      reported cases.
AB  - The pattern of reticular fibers in the tunica media of the major intracranial
      arteries was investigated in two patients with dissecting aneurysm. In numerous
      circumscribed areas, the reticular fibers were absent close to the internal
      elastic lamina in all major arteries of each patient. It is suggested that the
      subintimal deficiency in reticular fibers results in insufficient fixing of the
      tunica intima to the media contributing to their separation when the internal
      elastic lamina becomes defective. The presumed etiologies of the previously
      reported cases are reviewed and the possible origin of the deficiency in
      reticular fibers is discussed.

PMID- 4065164
TI  - The validity of the hyperkinetic syndrome. A study in child psychiatric clinic
      attenders.
AB  - The total group of hyperkinetic children drawn from the pool of consecutive
      admissions to a child and adolescent out-patient department were compared with
      further groups admitted consecutively to the same institution in 1979 and 1980.
      These other groups consisted of normal controls, conduct disorders, emotional
      disorders or mixed disorders. The question of validity was studied in terms of
      several comparisons including sex, age, SES, family history, development
      characteristics, neurological findings and questionnaire scores. It was found
      that some data support the concept of concurrent validity of the hyperkinetic
      syndrome, namely the extremely asymmetric sex distribution in favour of boys,
      some indicators of developmental delay, the early onset of the symptoms and the
      higher rates of coordination deficits detected by neurological examination.

PMID- 4065165
TI  - Is obligatory bed rest after lumbar puncture obsolete?
AB  - After lumbar puncture (LP) an epidural CSF leakage caused by delayed closure of a
      dural defect leads to a decrease in CSF pressure. The resultant venous dilatation
      as well as downward shift of the brain with traction on pain-sensitive blood
      vessels and nerves frequently evokes post-lumbar puncture headache (PLPH), when
      the patient assumes the upright position. In previous studies differing opinions
      have been expressed about the prophylactic value of the posture taken by the
      patient after LP. The present study was designed to evaluate the benefit of the
      decrease of hydrostatic CSF pressure on the dural rent, when the patient lies
      down in a prone position with the head tilted down at an angle of 10 degrees for
      30 min immediately after LP: is it possible to accelerate the closure of the
      dural defect in this way and prevent PLPH? One group of patients (n = 78) lay in
      a prone position with the head tilted down at an angle of 10 degrees for 30 min,
      the other group (n = 82) rose immediately after LP. PLPH was found to be
      independent of the posture in both groups and affected 44% and 41% of the
      patients, respectively, so that there is no longer any justification for
      requiring patients to remain in bed after LP.

PMID- 4065166
TI  - Sex differences in the psychopathology of inpatients.
AB  - In a sample of more than 2000 patients from the Department of Psychiatry of the
      Free University of Berlin (58.8% men, and 41.2% women), the sex differences in
      the diagnostic distribution and in the severity of the depressive symptomatology
      were investigated on the basis of data documented by the AMP system. Due to
      patient selection by the hospital, men with depressive neuroses were found to be
      over-represented contrary to expectation; depressive psychoses, however, were
      prevalent in women as expected. In the total group of patients, depressive
      symptomatology at the symptom and syndrome levels prevailed in women. Within
      homogeneous diagnostic groups, depressiveness in minor depressive disorders like
      depressive neuroses was more severe in women, but in psychotic depression men
      were more seriously depressed than women. Attempts are made to interpret these
      findings on the basis of constitution-biological and role-theoretical concepts,
      but especially on the basis of sex-specific help-seeking behaviour.

PMID- 4065167
TI  - [Cognitive disorders in schizophrenic patients. A controlled study].
AB  - In a controlled study, the cognitive functions measured by different association
      tests in a group of 40 schizophrenic inpatients (ICD 295.1+.3+.6) were compared
      to those of a control group that was matched according to age, sex and IQ. The
      results indicate that the basic cognitive functions of schizophrenic patients do
      not differ significantly from those of a control group in the lower-order tasks.
      In more complex and higher-order tasks, however, schizophrenic patients show a
      tendency to prefer less obvious associations (overinclusion) and to reject
      conventional associations (overexclusion). The results are discussed in the
      context of current literature as a lack of the cognitive organizing principle and
      its effects on rehabilitation, creativity and art in schizophrenic patients.

PMID- 4065168
TI  - Topographic studies with 32P tumor marker during operations of brain tumors.
AB  - A method for the intraoperative detection of brain tumor propagation is
      described. Based on the well-known radiophosphorus test, a very sensitive
      semiconductor probe was tested in 16 brain tumor operations. With this
      miniaturized sensor, the beta-emission of 32P could be measured with a high
      topographical resolution. Especially in high-grade gliomas, in meningiomas and in
      metastases a good discrimination of normal and tumor-infiltrated tissue was
      possible. The perspectives of a technical improvement of this method and the
      application of more specific tumor markers are discussed.

PMID- 4065169
TI  - Increased blood flow in the stomach of cirrhotic patients as assessed by
      radionuclide angiography.
AB  - To assess the gastric hemodynamics of patients with cirrhosis of the liver,
      radionuclide angiography of the left gastric artery, using technetium-99m-labeled
      human serum albumin (99mTc-HSA), was performed in 13 cirrhotics and 4 control
      subjects. The half-life (T1/2) of radioactivity of the stomach was significantly
      shorter in cirrhotics than in controls, 7.1 +/- 2.2 s (+/- SD, n = 13) and 14.1
      +/- 3.4 s (+/- SD, n = 4), respectively (p less than 0.001). Accordingly, the
      calculated blood flow per unit plasma volume of the stomach of cirrhotics was
      significantly increased compared with that of controls, 6.4 +/- 1.9 ml/min (+/-
      SD, n = 13) and 3.1 +/- 0.8 ml/min (+/- SD, n = 4), respectively (p less than
      0.01). These results provide direct evidence that a hyperdynamic state exists in
      the gastric circulation of cirrhotic patients.

PMID- 4065170
TI  - Increase of body iron stores estimated by the increase of serum ferritin
      concentration during a treatment of 200 mg Fe++ daily after gastrointestinal
      surgery.
AB  - A 6-week iron therapy of 200 mg Fe++ daily was given to 13 men and 12 women who
      had previously undergone various kinds of common gastrointestinal surgery and who
      had empty iron stores estimated from low serum ferritin concentration. The
      results were compared with those of a control group corresponding to the study
      group in respect of sex, number of patients, primary disease, previous operation,
      empty iron stores (serum ferritin), blood hemoglobin, serum iron, sedimentation
      rate, blood leukocytes, serum transferrin, folate and vitamin B12. The iron
      therapy restored the lack of body iron, for the serum ferritin concentrations
      increased from 12 +/- 7 to 30 +/- 11 micrograms/l (p less than 0.001) in the men
      and from 10 +/- 6 to 30 +/- 12 micrograms/l (p less than 0.001) in the women,
      whereas the corresponding changes in the control group were from 10 +/- 9 to 11
      +/- 8 micrograms/l and from 11 +/- 8 to 13 +/- 11 micrograms/l in the men and
      women, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4065171
TI  - Effects of hemodilution on skeletal muscle blood flow and blood viscosity in vivo
      after splanchnic stasis.
AB  - Pressure-flow relationships and apparent viscosity in vivo were determined in the
      skeletal muscle of the dog in experimental shock induced by splanchnic venous
      stasis and after subsequent hemodilution with low molecular weight dextran. The
      calf muscles of one hind limb were surgically isolated and pressure-flow curves
      constructed for blood and a cell-free reference solution during vasodilation. The
      apparent viscosity in vivo was determined by comparing the flow values for blood
      and the reference solution at identical perfusion pressures. A shock state with
      hypotension and hemoconcentration was induced by laparotomy and splanchnic venous
      stasis. Hemodilution was subsequently produced by low molecular weight dextran.
      After splanchnic stasis, skeletal muscle blood flow decreased and viscosity in
      vivo increased disproportionately in relation to the increase in hematocrit.
      Hemodilution could reverse the flow and viscosity changes induced during the
      shock period. It is concluded that a shock state associated with
      hemoconcentration results in flow stagnation in the skeletal muscle with
      increased in vivo viscosity and that the changes can be reversed by hemodilution.

PMID- 4065172
TI  - Hemodynamic response of elderly patients undergoing major surgery under moderate
      normovolemic hemodilution.
AB  - Moderate normovolemic hemodilution (MNH) is used in general surgery not only when
      major blood loss is anticipated but also as a prophylactic measure for the
      prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis. The hemodynamic effects of MNH
      (hematocrit value 27-29%) with dextran 70 as diluent were evaluated in 50
      patients undergoing major surgery (cholecystectomy or total hip arthroplasty).
      They were divided into two groups according to age: I less than 60; II greater
      than 60 years. Comparison of the results obtained in the two groups shows no
      significant difference between them, either before or after hemodilution. Our
      study shows that MNH is a safe procedure, not only in young patients but also in
      those over 60 years.

PMID- 4065173
TI  - EORTC guidelines for phase I trials with single agents in adults. EORTC New Drug
      Development Committee.

PMID- 4065174
TI  - Mitoxantrone in advanced bladder carcinoma. A phase II study of the EORTC Genito
      urinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group.
AB  - Mitoxantrone at a dose of 12 mg/m2 i.v. q 3 weeks failed to produce a response in
      28 adequately treated patients with measurable advanced bladder cancer. The side
      effects observed in this group of patients with a good performance status were
      generally mild. On the basis of this negative result the use of mitoxantrone in
      this disease cannot be recommended.

PMID- 4065175
TI  - Nephrotoxicity of high-dose intracavitary cisplatin with intravenous thiosulfate
      protection.
AB  - Sodium thiosulfate has been shown experimentally to protect against cisplatin
      induced renal insufficiency by inactivating the nephrotoxic as well as cytotoxic
      properties of the agent. However, significant plasma levels of 'active' cisplatin
      have been demonstrated following high-dose intracavitary cisplatin administration
      with simultaneous intravenous thiosulfate delivery. At the UCSD Cancer Center 131
      patients have been treated with a total of 485 courses (median per patient, 3;
      range 1-18) of intrapleural or intraperitoneal cisplatin with intravenous
      thiosulfate protection. Seventy-six patients (58%) had previously been treated
      with intravenous cisplatin. A total of 14 courses (2.9%) of intracavitary therapy
      were complicated by a serum creatinine rise to greater than 1.5 mg% which, in all
      but three cases, returned to the normal range within 1 month following treatment.
      All but one patient demonstrating clinical evidence of nephrotoxicity had been
      heavily pretreated with cisplatin. We conclude that thiosulfate can protect
      against clinically significant cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by cisplatin
      delivered in high doses via the intracavitary route.

PMID- 4065176
TI  - Postoperative respiratory complications in patients with Hodgkin's disease:
      relationship to the size of the mediastinal tumor.
AB  - Postoperative respiratory complications were investigated in patients with
      Hodgkin's disease, stages I-III, presenting with a mediastinal mass. By measuring
      the ratio between the widest diameter of the mediastinal mass and the width of
      the thorax at T5-6 (mediastinal thoracic ratio, MTR) in a PA chest X-ray,
      patients were divided into three groups: I: MTR less than 0.35 (41 patients); II:
      MTR 0.35-0.49 (33 patients); and III: MTR greater than 0.50 (23 patients). Five
      patients of group II and eight of group III received preoperative radiation
      therapy (RT) to the mediastinum due to severe clinical or radiological findings
      associated with the mediastinal mass. No patient of group I received preoperative
      RT. Without preoperative RT, group III had a significantly higher incidence of
      respiratory complications (7/15) compared to groups I (7/41) and II (2/28).
      Respiratory complications were not significantly different after preoperative RT
      in group III (1/8) compared to that observed in groups I plus II without
      preoperative RT (9/69).

PMID- 4065177
TI  - The relationship of cyst type to risk factors for breast cancer and the
      subsequent development of breast cancer in patients with breast cystic disease.
AB  - The frequency of epithelial hyperplasia and papillary apocrine change in patients
      with palpable breast cysts lined by either apocrine or flattened epithelium has
      been compared. Hyperplasia of any degree, severe hyperplasia with or without
      atypia and papillary apocrine change were all seen significantly more frequently
      in patients with clinically palpable apocrine cysts. Twelve patients were
      identified with breast cancer with a history of cyst aspiration, in whom all
      cysts aspirated could be classified as apocrine or flattened on the basis of
      cytology or electrolyte composition of cyst fluid. Eleven patients had single or
      multiple apocrine cysts and one had a single flattened cyst. This represents a
      significantly increased preponderance of apocrine cysts as compared with that
      normally seen in patients with cystic disease. The mastectomy specimens of those
      11 patients with a history of apocrine cyst aspiration more frequently contained
      hyperplastic changes and non-invasive carcinoma than age- and menopausal-matched
      controls who did not have a history of cystic disease. This study suggests that
      patients who develop cysts lined by apocrine epithelium may be at a greater risk
      of subsequent breast cancer than those with flattened epithelial cysts.

PMID- 4065178
TI  - Elevation of monoacetylated polyamines in human breast cancers.
AB  - Normal tissues contain only trace amounts of monoacetylated polyamines. N1
      Acetylspermidine is present in high concentrations in mouse liver cells damaged
      by hepatotoxins and is also found in specialised cells of the hamster epididymis.
      In the present study human breast cancers were analysed for the presence of
      monoacetylated polyamines because N1-acetylspermidine is selectively elevated in
      human colorectal cancers. Free and monoacetylated polyamines (N1
      acetylspermidine, N8-acetylspermidine and N1-acetylspermine), measured by high
      performance liquid chromatography, were expressed as nmol/g wet wt of breast
      cancers (n = 54) or normal breast tissue (n = 15). Putrescine and monoacetylated
      polyamines were absent from normal breast tissue. Mean total content of
      monoacetylated polyamines in breast cancers 14.9 +/- 5.3 (S.E.) exceeded the mean
      total content of free polyamines (8.3 +/- 1.0) in normal breast tissue.
      Detectable levels of at least two of the monoacetylated polyamines were found in
      all breast cancers: N1-acetylspermidine was present in 51 (13.1 +/- 6.3), N8
      acetylspermidine in 32 (0.6 +/- 0.1) and N1-acetylspermine in 28 tumours (1.2 +/-
      0.3). There was no correlation between monoacetylated polyamine content of breast
      cancers and factors known to affect survival, i.e. tumour size, histological
      grade, oestrogen receptor status and node status. Monoacetylated polyamines are
      present in human breast cancers but not in normal breast tissue, implying that
      polyamine catabolism in breast cancers differs from that in normal breast tissue.

PMID- 4065180
TI  - Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges and cell-cycle delays in human
      lymphocytes by vitamin A alone or in combination with melphalan and caffeine.
AB  - In cultured human lymphocytes vitamin A was found to increase SCE rates, to
      reduce the mitotic index and to have no effect on cell kinetics. Vitamin A
      induces cytotoxic effects: in combination with melphalan (MELPH), as can be
      deduced from the resulted synergism on induction of SCEs, the produced cell
      division delay and the suppressed mitotic index; in combination with caffeine
      (CAF), producing synergism on induction of SCEs and suppressing the mitotic
      index; and in combination with MELPH and CAF, producing cell-cycle delays and
      reducing the mitotic index.

PMID- 4065179
TI  - Antagonism of aminoglutethimide and danazol in the suppression of serum free
      oestradiol in breast cancer patients.
AB  - The response rate of advanced postmenopausal breast cancer patients to treatment
      with aminoglutethimide (AG) + danazol was significantly worse than that with AG
      alone. The suppression of serum oestradiol levels by AG + danazol was similar to
      that by AG alone, but the combination treatment also suppressed sex hormone
      binding globulin (SHBG) levels and increased the % free oestradiol, whilst these
      parameters were unaffected by AG alone. The degree of suppression by AG + danazol
      of free oestradiol concentrations was less than the suppression of total
      oestradiol level and in some patients the concentration of the free fraction was
      increased above pretreatment levels. These effects on the presumed biologically
      active unbound fraction of oestradiol may explain the poor clinical response rate
      to AG + danazol.

PMID- 4065181
TI  - The role of metabolic activation by cytochrome P-450 in covalent binding of VP 16
      213 to rat liver and HeLa cell microsomal proteins.
AB  - Covalent binding of 3H-labeled VP 16-213 to rat liver and HeLa cell microsomal
      proteins was studied in vitro. Metabolic activation by cytochrome P-450 was found
      to play a role in the covalent binding of VP 16-213 to rat liver microsomal
      proteins, as shown by the need of NADPH cofactor, the increased binding after
      phenobarbital pretreatment and the inhibition by SFK-525A. Addition of ascorbic
      acid or alpha-phenyl-N-tert. butylnitrone to the incubation mixture depressed
      covalent binding by about 85%, suggesting that formation of a reactive metabolite
      from the phenolic structure may be involved in the binding process. VP 16-213 did
      not inhibit aminopyrine N-demethylase at the concentration used in the binding
      experiments (17 microM), indicating that metabolism of its methylenedioxy group
      does not play a role in binding to microsomal proteins. HeLa cell microsomes were
      found to possess aminopyrine N-demethylase activity. Covalent binding of
      radiolabeled VP 16-213 to HeLa cell microsomes decreased by about 64% if NADPH
      was omitted.

PMID- 4065182
TI  - The pattern of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in testicular germ cell tumors
      differs from that of the liver.

PMID- 4065183
TI  - Correlation of plasma prolactin and growth hormone with normal and preneoplastic
      mammary gland growth in virgin SHN mice.

PMID- 4065184
TI  - Serum low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and liver
      size in subjects on drugs inducing hepatic microsomal enzymes.
AB  - Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol concentration and the ratio between them, major risk factors of
      coronary heart disease, and liver size were investigated in 18 subjects who were
      on enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants, phenytoin alone or in combination with
      phenobarbital and/or carbamazepine. The subjects with a high liver cytochrome P
      450, indicating hepatic microsomal enzyme induction, who showed an increase in
      liver size, had an elevated high-density lipoprotein concentration and high
      density lipoprotein cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio, and a reduced low/high
      density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
      concentration and its ratio to total cholesterol were directly and related to the
      ratio between low and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were inversely related
      to the extent of liver enlargement. The serum cholesterol distribution profile
      associated with an increase in liver size was typical of subjects with a low risk
      of coronary heart disease. The results suggest that enzyme-inducers, such as
      phenytoin and phenobarbital, induce structural and functional changes in
      hepatocellular membranes associated with liver enlargement and cholesterol
      distribution characteristic of low susceptibility to atherosclerotic vascular
      disease.

PMID- 4065185
TI  - Prospective study of the potentiation of acenocoumarol by amiodarone.
AB  - The influence of oral amiodarone on the anticoagulant effect of the coumarin
      derivative acenocoumarol has been investigated prospectively in 10 patients with
      normal renal, hepatic and haematological function and who were not in cardiac
      failure. The daily dose of acenocoumarol was sufficient to produce a prothrombin
      activity of 25 to 35%. When the prothrombin time had become stable amiodarone 600
      mg/d was administered for 1 week followed by 400 mg/d for the next 3 weeks. A
      decrease in prothrombin activity from 30.5 to 20.2% was observed, associated with
      a decrease in vitamin K coagulation factors, after a mean of 4 days following
      commencement of amiodarone. In 6 patients a prothrombin activity less than 20%
      required a 60% reduction in the dose of acenocoumarol after 1 week of amiodarone
      600 mg, and a 33% reduction after 3 weeks of amiodarone 400 mg. There was no
      correlation between the plasma amiodarone and the decrease in prothrombin
      activity. Inhibition of acenocoumarol metabolism by amiodarone is the most likely
      explanation of these findings.

PMID- 4065187
TI  - Antisecretory effect and oral pharmacokinetics of omeprazole in patients with
      chronic renal failure.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of omeprazole on gastric acid secretion was tested in a
      group of patients on haemodialysis for chronic renal failure. Single 30 mg doses
      almost totally inhibited basal acid output on both dialysis and non-dialysis
      days. Plateau acid output was reduced by a mean of 77% and 90% on non-dialysis
      and dialysis days respectively. The absorption and pharmacokinetic profile of
      omeprazole were not affected by dialysis. Omeprazole was not recoverable from
      dialysis fluid. It is concluded that omeprazole is a potent inhibitor of gastric
      acid secretion in patients with chronic renal failure, and its effect is not
      influenced by haemodialysis.

PMID- 4065186
TI  - Bronchorelaxation and plasma histamine after salbutamol inhalation.
AB  - Plasma histamine in 8 normal subjects was measured before and after inhalation of
      carbachol to induce a 50% fall in specific airway conductance (SGaw). The
      measurements were repeated 5 min after inhalation of salbutamol or placebo. No
      significant change in plasma histamine occurred after placebo or carbachol
      inhalation, despite the persistent induced bronchospasm after the latter
      treatment. In contrast, plasma histamine was significantly increased from 0.25 to
      0.43 ng/ml after salbutamol inhalation. Simultaneously, induced bronchospasm was
      relieved, from 51% to 103% of baseline SGaw. Thus, the relief of carbachol
      induced bronchospasm by salbutamol was associated with a rise in plasma
      histamine. Since salbutamol itself is a potent inhibitor of mast cell
      degranulation and histamine release, the present findings suggest that histamine
      may be released and sequestered within the lungs during carbachol-induced
      bronchospasm, and also that desequestration of bronchoconstrictor mediators
      accumulated at the point of contact of bronchial smooth muscle may contribute to
      the relief of bronchospasm by salbutamol.

PMID- 4065188
TI  - Acute and subacute effects on psychomotor performance of femoxetine alone and
      with alcohol.
AB  - The effects on human psychomotor performance of femoxetine (FEMO), a 5
      hydroxytryptamine-selective antidepressant, alone and in combination with alcohol
      (EtOH) were compared with those of amitriptyline (AMI) and placebo in a
      controlled double-blind crossover trial in 11 student volunteers. Objective
      measurements (body sway, choice reaction, flicker fusion, tracking, nystagmus,
      digit symbol substitution, backwards recall) and subjective self-assessment
      (visual analogue scales, reporting of side-effects) were done after single doses
      of FEMO, AMI and placebo, and subacute administration of FEMO and placebo. Single
      doses of 200 mg FEMO did not impair psychomotor performance, but 50 mg AMI did so
      in several respects. AMI but not FEMO increased the objective and subjective
      effects of EtOH. After FEMO 600 mg/d for 10 days almost no objective difference
      from placebo was noted, although mild sedation at home was reported as a side
      effect. FEMO either did not increase or slightly decreased the effect of EtOH on
      reactive and co-ordination skills. The plasma concentrations of FEMO varied
      widely from 0 to 156 ng/ml, as in previous clinical trials but reduced a blood 5
      hydroxytryptamine concentration in each subject indicating an effect of FEMO on
      serotoninergic mechanisms.

PMID- 4065189
TI  - Bioavailability of the bis- and monodigitoxosides of digitoxigenin.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic behavior of digitoxigenin is affected by the number of
      glycosides present. This study was conducted to compare the bioavailabilities of
      the bis- and monodigitoxosides of digitoxigenin in man. Intravenous and oral
      doses of the two drugs were administered to six normal volunteers. Blood samples
      were collected up to 28 days after each dose, and assayed for the specific drug
      administered and for total radioassayable drug. Both drugs were virtually
      completely absorbed, based on serum concentrations of administered drug plus
      metabolites. However, the mean bioavailability of unchanged bisdigitoxoside was
      only 56.3% indicating that substantial metabolism occurred prior to entry into
      the systemic circulation. Monodigitoxoside was virtually completely metabolized
      prior to entry into the systemic circulation.

PMID- 4065190
TI  - Plasma levels and myocardial content of verapamil, norverapamil and two N-dealkyl
      metabolites in man.
AB  - The plasma levels and myocardial content of verapamil and its metabolites
      norverapamil, N-dealkylverapamil and N-dealkylnorverapamil were determined in 15
      patients with valvular [3] or ischaemic [12] heart disease. The mean myocardial
      plasma concentration ratio (M/P) was 7.05 for verapamil, 11.45 for norverapamil,
      8.93 for N-dealkylverapamil, and 11.33 for N-dealkylnorverapamil, with great
      interpatient variability. The highest M/P ratios of verapamil were generally
      found in patients with the lowest plasma levels, suggesting that saturable tissue
      uptake may occur.

PMID- 4065191
TI  - Effect of nifedipine on gastric acid secretion and gastrin release in healthy
      man.
AB  - Nifedipine, a calcium-channel antagonist widely used in cardiovascular disease,
      has recently been reported to be effective in the treatment of oesophageal motor
      disorders. The effect of a single therapeutic dose of nifedipine (20 mg p.o.) has
      been evaluated on basal and submaximal pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion
      and meal-stimulated gastrin release in healthy man. In comparison with placebo,
      nifedipine significantly decreased both basal and stimulated gastric acidity and
      juice volume, whereas only a slight but insignificant reduction in meal
      stimulated gastrin levels was observed after drug administration. The results are
      in agreement with previous reports that calcium is involved in stimulus-secretion
      coupling in the human parietal cell. They do not confirm the effect of calcium on
      G-cells, although it is likely that doses of nifedipine higher than those
      commonly used might be effective in the reduction of gastrin secretion.

PMID- 4065192
TI  - Influence of cimetidine on steady state concentration and metabolite formation
      from antipyrine infused with a rectal osmotic mini pump.
AB  - The utility of an osmotic rectal drug delivery system as a tool in steady-state
      pharmacokinetic interaction studies has been investigated using the cimetidine
      antipyrine interaction. Antipyrine was administered to six healthy male
      volunteers at the rate of 15 mg/h until steady-state was reached. Cimetidine 400
      mg was then given followed by 200 mg cimetidine after 2, 4 and 6 h. Antipyrine
      kinetics in plasma and saliva were assessed, and metabolite excretion was
      determined in urine. Antipyrine levels in plasma and saliva increased shortly
      after cimetidine administration, indicating inhibition of antipyrine metabolizing
      enzymes. From the metabolite data it was concluded that all major metabolic
      pathways of antipyrine were affected to the same extent. The effect lasted
      somewhat longer than anticipated on the basis of the plasma cimetidine
      concentrations, but it had disappeared within 48 hours after cessation of
      treatment. It is concluded that the osmotic rectal drug delivery system is a
      useful tool in pharmacokinetic interaction studies, because it provides very
      constant steady-state concentrations, thus permitting investigation of the time
      course of drug interactions.

PMID- 4065193
TI  - Effects of a stable prostaglandin analogue, L-644,122, in healthy and
      hypertensive men.
AB  - L-644,122 is a chemically stable vasodilator prostaglandin analogue. It is a
      selective renal vasodilator in dogs. The object of the present study was to
      determine whether it increases effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) in man. L
      644,122 was administered intravenously to 4 healthy volunteers and by mouth to 4
      mild hypertensives. It did not increase ERPF. Instead it acted as a non-specific
      vasodilator, lowering diastolic blood pressure and increasing heart rate. An
      unexpected increase in glomerular filtration rate (19% greater than placebo)
      after low dose intravenous L-644,122 merits further study.

PMID- 4065194
TI  - Factors affecting the kinetics of two benzothiazine non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory medicines, piroxicam and isoxicam.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of isoxicam and piroxicam were compared in 12 young adults
      (less than 40 years) and 12 elderly subjects (greater than 65 years). After a
      single oral dose of 200 mg isoxicam or 20 mg piroxicam blood samples were taken
      for 168 h and the plasma drug concentrations determined by HPLC. The elimination
      half life of piroxicam for the adults was 57.1 +/- 16.4 h (mean +/- SD; harmonic
      mean 52.9 h) and for the elderly subjects was 57.8 +/- 22.1 h (harmonic mean 52.1
      h). The corresponding values after isoxicam were 34.3 +/- 13.6 h (harmonic mean
      31.6) for the adults and 39.1 +/- 22.7 h (harmonic mean 33.5) for the elderly
      subjects. Similarly no differences were noted in either the AUC0-infinity after
      piroxicam (adults 154.1 +/- 52.2 micrograms . h/ml, elderly 163.6 +/- 99.1
      micrograms . h/ml) and isoxicam (adults 642.7 +/- 241.9 micrograms . h/ml,
      elderly 787.9 +/- 613.1 micrograms . h/ml) or the apparent oral clearance of
      piroxicam (adults 2.39 +/- 0.80 ml/min, elderly 2.51 +/- 0.90 ml/min) and
      isoxicam (adults 5.84 +/- 2.04 ml/min, elderly 5.59 +/- 2.12 ml/min). One adult
      and two elderly subjects exhibited slower elimination of both medicines than the
      remainder of each group. However determination of the oxidation phenotype using
      sparteine metabolism showed that this was not a likely determinant of the reduced
      clearance.

PMID- 4065195
TI  - Plasma protein binding of imipramine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - In 23 patients with rheumatoid arthritis the plasma protein binding of 3H
      imipramine and the plasma levels of 13 proteins were measured in order to examine
      the significance of the proteins for the binding of imipramine. The degree of 3H
      imipramine binding did not differ significantly from that in healthy controls. It
      was positively correlated with the concentrations of fibrinogen, alpha 1-acid
      glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, complement C3c, haptoglobin and hemopexin.
      Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was also highly positively correlated with
      binding. The concentration of several of the proteins showed a significant
      covariation. The 3H-imipramine binding was negatively correlated with the
      concentration of albumin and the latter was negatively correlated with some of
      the proteins mentioned-above. No correlation with the levels of apolipoproteins A
      and B was found. There appears to be more a qualitative than a quantitative
      change in 3H-imipramine binding in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4065197
TI  - Dosage schedules for chloroquine.

PMID- 4065196
TI  - Further support for changes in chloroquine disposition and metabolism between a
      low and a high dose.
AB  - The kinetics of chloroquine and its major metabolite desethylchloroquine were
      studied in patients with rheumatoid disease after single oral doses of
      chloroquine phosphate corresponding to 150 and 300 mg chloroquine base. The
      findings strengthen the previous finding that the disposition of chloroquine
      involves rate limiting steps.

PMID- 4065198
TI  - D-Propoxyphene: accumulation or altered kinetics?

PMID- 4065199
TI  - The effects of stress in normal and adrenalectomized mice.
AB  - Many of the present concepts in lymphocyte physiology were established using
      experimental protocols involving surgery in cortico-sensitive rodents. In the
      present report we demonstrate that commonly used operative procedures in mice
      result in a depletion of 50-90% of cells from primary or secondary lymphoid
      organs 24 to 48 postsurgery. Adrenalectomy, by itself, induces considerable
      depletion, and does not abolish the effects of stress in lymphocyte populations.
      These findings indicate that questions concerning the dynamics of production
      renewal rate and life-span of lymphocytes cannot be investigated by approaches
      involving surgery in the mouse.

PMID- 4065200
TI  - Prolongation of procaine's and procainamide's actions by binding to acryloyl
      polymers.
AB  - Procaine and procainamide were covalently bound to acryloyl monomers and
      polymers. The dose-response and time-action parameters of the cardiac
      antiarrhythmic protection afforded by the prototype drugs and their acryloyl
      derivatives against chloroform-hypoxia-induced cardiac arrhythmias in
      unanesthetized mice and epinephrine-induced arrhythmias in alpha-chloralose
      anesthetized cats were determined. Similarly, the pharmacological parameters
      which characterized their acute toxic responses in unanesthetized male albino
      mice were also determined. The similar pharmacological spectra of their activity
      and the parallelism of their lethal dose-response curves indicate that the active
      constituents of the polymer derivatives are the local anesthetic moieties.
      Compared to the prototype drugs, the polymer derivatives were more potent on a
      molar basis and their pharmacological effects were prolonged. The increased
      potency and duration of action reinforce the idea that the local anesthetic
      moieties are pharmacologically active while still bound to the polymer backbones.

PMID- 4065201
TI  - Footshock-induced analgesia: neurochemical correlates and pharmacological
      profile.
AB  - The administration of electric shock to the feet of rats can produce either
      opioid, naloxone-sensitive analgesia or non-opioid, naloxone-insensitive
      analgesia. In our hands opioid analgesia could be elicited in young Sabra rats
      (75 days of age) by all analgesia induction methods while older rats of the same
      strain and rats of the Charles River-derived strain (CR) showed only naloxone
      resistant analgesia. We therefore compared the effects of 2 different footshock
      parameters, 3 min continuous shock (3 mA) and 30 min intermittent shock (30 min,
      1 s on 5 s off) on the responsiveness to noxious stimuli and on brain enkephalins
      and humoral (H-) endorphin content in these strains of rats. As previously
      reported, only young Sabra rats showed opioid analgesia whereas all other animals
      displayed naloxone-resistant effects. In contrast, no differential effects on
      brain opioids could be seen in these species. Thus, 30 min of shock produced a
      significant increase in brain enkephalins and a noticeable albeit non-significant
      increase in brain H-endorphin. A slight non-significant increase was seen
      following brief footshock. To assess the nature of non-opioid analgesia further
      we examined the effects of both reserpine and a series of antagonists on the
      analgesia produced by 3 and 30 min of either brief or prolonged shock.
      Pretreatment with reserpine caused a significant attenuation of non-opioid
      analgesia with both shock parameters while none of the antagonists administered
      (methysergide, phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine, yohimbine, theophylline,
      diphenhydramine and scopolamine) were effective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4065202
TI  - Effects of dilazep on the electrophysiological properties of rabbit sinoatrial
      node cells.
AB  - The electrophysiological effect of dilazep (1 X 10(-7) -3 X 10(-6) M), a coronary
      vasodilator, was examined on rabbit sinoatrial node cells using glass
      microelectrode and double microelectrode voltage clamp methods. Dilazep exerted a
      negative chronotropic effect and decreased the maximum rate of depolarization of
      the upstroke of the action potential and the amplitude of the action potential.
      The action potential duration at half-amplitude was prolonged after the drug
      perfusion. The voltage clamp experiment showed that dilazep reduced the slow
      inward current (Isi), the potassium outward current (IK), and the
      hyperpolarization-activated current (Ih). The recovery time constant of Isi was
      also prolonged. In conclusion, it is indicated that dilazep has no specific
      effect on the current system, but the drug depresses specifically the electrical
      activity of sinoatrial node cells.

PMID- 4065203
TI  - Effects of the enantiomers of 3-PPP on DA1 and DA2 dopamine receptors in the dog.
AB  - The (+)- and (-)-enantiomers of 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-n-propylpiperidine (3-PPP)
      were studied for their effects on DA1 and DA2 dopamine receptors in pentobarbital
      anesthetized dogs. 3-PPP enantiomers were administered into the renal artery
      after phenoxybenzamine pretreatment to determine possible DA1 activity; dopamine
      was also injected for comparison. DA2 activity was determined by injection of the
      enantiomers into the femoral vascular bed with intact nerve supply and without
      phenoxybenzamine; dipropyl dopamine (DPDA) or apomorphine were used as standard
      DA2 agonists. Antagonist activity of the enantiomers on DA1 or DA2 receptors was
      determined by simultaneous administration of the enantiomer with DA in the renal
      vascular bed and with DPDA or apomorphine in the femoral vascular bed. Neither
      enantiomer was active as a DA1 agonist, but both exhibited antagonist activity.
      Both enantiomers were found to be agonists of the DA2 receptor; in addition, both
      showed DA2 antagonist activity. In all actions the (-)-enantiomer was
      approximately 4 times more potent than the (+)-enantiomer.

PMID- 4065204
TI  - Dopaminergic inhibition of the action of vasopressin on the cortical collecting
      tubule.
AB  - The dopaminergic inhibition of the hydrosmotic effect of vasopressin was studied
      by in vitro perfusion of the cortical collecting tubule isolated from the rabbit
      kidney. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) 100 microU/ml increased hydrosmotic water
      permeability (Pf, 10(-3) cm/s) by 11.4 +/- 1.59. Although dopamine 10(-5) M added
      alone to the bath did not affect Pf, the combined administration of 10(-5) M
      dopamine and 100 microU/ml AVP reduced the hydrosmotic effect of AVP to to 2.37
      +/- 0.34. This inhibitory effect of dopamine was reversed by the simultaneous
      addition of 10(-5) M metoclopramide, a D2-antagonist. These observations suggest
      that dopaminergic receptors also exist in the cortical collecting tubule. The
      dopaminergic inhibition of the hydrosmotic action of AVP may be at least in part
      responsible for the diuretic action of dopamine.

PMID- 4065205
TI  - Stimulation of D-2 dopamine receptors in rat mesocortical areas inhibits the
      release of [3H]dopamine.

PMID- 4065206
TI  - Effects of salicylate and two benzoates on contractions of the field-stimulated
      guinea-pig vas deferens and atrium.
AB  - Na salicylate (3.75-30 mmol/l), Na benzoate (10.5-84 mmol/l) and Na
      metaiodobenzoate (0.375-0.8 mmol/l) concentration dependently reduced the
      contractile force of the field-stimulated guinea-pig vas deferens. Contractions
      elicited by either noradrenaline (0.5 mmol/l) or direct muscle stimulation were
      also reduced while the maximum twitch response induced by KCl (160 mmol/l) was
      unaffected. The twitch-inhibiting potency of salicylate and the benzoates
      correlated to their lipophilicity. The positive inotropic effect of field
      stimulation of the atrium during the refractory period was not altered by the two
      benzoates but was reduced by Na salicylate. It is concluded that salicylate and
      benzoate anions are incorporated into smooth muscle cell membranes of the vas and
      reduce excitability. No binding seems to occur in membranes of the atrial
      myocardium or the sympathetic neuron terminals and salicylate or benzoate
      compounds do not interfere with the liberation of neurotransmitters. In addition
      to its influence on the cell membrane Na salicylate can diminish contractions by
      uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. The use of benzoates can help to
      distinguish between the two effects.

PMID- 4065207
TI  - Phospholipid liposomes potentiate the inhibitory effect of antidepressant drugs
      on immobility of rats in a despair test (constrained swim).
AB  - Male rats forced to swim in a cylinder assumed an immobile posture. Immobility
      was reduced by antidepressant drugs, such as imipramine, desimipramine,
      iproniazid and mianserin injected 24, 5 and again 1 h prior to behavioral
      testing. Subchronic (4, 7 and 10 days) treatment with sonicated preparations of
      bovine hypothalamic phospholipid liposomes potentiated the inhibitory effect of
      all antidepressant drugs in the despair test. Acute administration of
      phospholipid liposomes failed to influence the drug effect. Furthermore, neither
      subchronic nor acute administration of phospholipid liposomes per se modified the
      immobility in the despair test. It is possible that the action of phospholipid
      liposomes on the inhibitory effect of antidepressant drugs on immobility of rats
      in the despair test may depend on potentiation of antidepressant-induced change
      in the sensitivity of monoamine receptors in the brain.

PMID- 4065208
TI  - Glucocorticoids facilitate the retention of acquired immobility during forced
      swimming.
AB  - The adrenalectomy-induced decrease in the level of immobility during a 5 min
      retest period in the Porsolt swimming test could be reversed by glucocorticoids
      administered s.c. 15 min after the initial forced swimming exposure. The
      synthetic glucocorticoids dexamethasone and RU 28362 were active in the microgram
      dose range while corticosterone was only active at a 500 times higher dose.
      Aldosterone and progesterone were both ineffective. Treatment of adrenalectomized
      rats with the synthetic antiglucocorticoid RU 38486 prior to dexamethasone
      administration dose dependently blocked the effect of the glucocorticoid. Intact
      rats treated with the antiglucocorticoid RU 38486 prior to the initial forced
      swimming exposure behaved like adrenalectomized animals during the 5 min retest
      period. Removal of the adrenal medulla only temporarily impaired swimming
      behavior. It is concluded that intact adrenocortical secretion of glucocorticoids
      is sufficient for retention of acquired immobility during forced swimming.

PMID- 4065209
TI  - Clonidine inhibits central noradrenergic neurons in unanesthetized cats.
AB  - Within the feline locus coeruleus complex (LCx) there exists a subpopulation of
      neurons with a distinct behavioral neurophysiological profile; these neurons fire
      most during waking, less so during slow wave sleep, and fall virtually silent
      during paradoxical sleep (PS). These "PS-off' cells have been thought to be
      noradrenergic, largely because their heterogeneous distribution throughout the
      LCx parallels the distribution of noradrenergic neurons within the feline
      dorsolateral pontine tegmentum. The alpha 2-adrenergic agonist clonidine has been
      shown to markedly inhibit the central noradrenergic neurons of the anesthetized
      rat, regardless of the route of administration. We therefore tested the PS-off
      cells of the feline LCx with intravenous clonidine, to determine if they too were
      inhibited by this agent. We found 13/13 LCx PS-off cells to be inhibited by
      intravenous clonidine (2-4 micrograms/kg) as compared with saline controls; non
      PS-off cells were not inhibited. These data add strength to the argument that the
      PS-off cells of the feline LCx are noradrenergic.

PMID- 4065210
TI  - Relations between muscimol, quinuclidinyl benzilate and nicotine binding sites in
      brain after very long treatment with ethanol in rats.
AB  - Rats were treated with ethanol in the drinking fluid 2 X 1 h daily for 83 weeks.
      [3H]Muscimol, [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ( [3H]QNB) and [3H]nicotine binding was
      measured in selected brain areas 7, 14 and 21 days after withdrawal of ethanol. A
      significant increase (P less than 0.05) when compared to controls was found on
      day 7 in both [3H]-QNB binding in the cortex and high affinity [3H]muscimol
      binding in the cerebellum. Furthermore, on day 7 of abstinence there was a
      positive correlation in number of binding sites between [3H]muscimol (high
      affinity sites; cerebellum) and [3H]QNB (cortex) while a negative correlation was
      found between [3H]muscimol (low affinity sites; cerebellum) and [3H]nicotine
      (cortex). The first correlation might indicate a relation between increased
      excitation (QNB) and increased inhibition (muscimol) in two brain areas.

PMID- 4065211
TI  - Effect of morphine-induced cortical excitation on somatosensory responses evoked
      in the periaqueductal grey matter.
AB  - The somatosensory cortex responses and periaqueductal grey matter responses
      evoked by electric peripheral nerve stimulation were studied following topical
      application of 1% morphine solution to the primary somatosensory area of rat
      cerebral cortex. Cortically applied morphine increased the negative component of
      cortical potentials and enhanced the peak-to-peak amplitude of the periaqueductal
      grey responses. It is suggested that cortical excitation induced by morphine
      generates descending bioelectrical impulses modulating neuronal activity at this
      mesencephalic level.

PMID- 4065212
TI  - Depression by morphine of the excitability of intrinsic inhibitory neurons in the
      guinea-pig colon.
AB  - The mechanical responses to morphine were examined in isolated preparations of
      longitudinal and circular muscle of the guinea-pig colon. In the longitudinal
      coat, morphine induced a relaxation which was prevented by naloxone, hyoscine and
      tetrodotoxin. Conversely, in the circular coat morphine caused a contraction
      which was antagonized by naloxone, mimicked by tetrodotoxin and left unaltered by
      hyoscine, chlorpheniramine and methysergide. In both muscular layers, morphine
      depressed (and tetrodotoxin abolished) the non-adrenergic relaxation induced by
      field stimulation. The action of morphine in the two preparations can thus be
      explained in terms of inhibition of the tonic excitatory cholinergic or
      inhibitory non-adrenergic neural control prevailing in the longitudinal and
      circular muscle respectively.

PMID- 4065213
TI  - Pathology of aspiration pneumonia in mice.
AB  - A aspiration pneumonia caused in 3 female mice by food inhalation was examined
      histopathologically. Dark-red areas were observed macroscopically on the uncut
      lungs. The change was more severe in the superior and post-caval lobes of the
      right lung and the anterior part of the left lung. Microscopic examination
      revealed various-sized foreign bodies (inhaled food particles) accompanied by
      inflammatory cells and microorganisms in the tracheal lumen and the bronchiolar
      and alveolar spaces.

PMID- 4065214
TI  - Fine structure of the mandibular gland in pika (Ochotona rufescens rufescens).
AB  - The mandibular gland of the pika was examined by light microscopy, and
      transmission and scanning electron microscopies. The acinar cells were noted to
      be composed of serous cells and seromucous cells. The serous cells containing
      granules of moderate and high densities were slightly basophile and strongly
      positive to PAS, but were not stained with AB. The seromucous cells possessing
      less dense granules were light and moderately positive to PAS and AB. A sexual
      dimorphism was observed between these cells: Serous cells were considerably more
      frequent in males and seromucous cells were more numerous in females.
      Intercalated duct cells consisted of cuboidal light cells containing a few
      vesicles in the apical region. Striated ducts were comprised of two portions--a
      secretory portion and a typical striated portion without secretory granules. The
      secretory portion was composed of light and dark cells having secretory granules
      varying in size and density. The epithelium of typical striated portion consisted
      of light and dark cells containing fine vacuoles and vesicles.

PMID- 4065215
TI  - [Teratogenic potentially of single dose of thalidomide in JW-NIBS rabbits].
AB  - A single dose (500 mg/kg) of thalidomide was administered orally to pregnant JW
      NIBS rabbits in various stages of organogenesis. Head anomalies in fetuses
      (anencephaly, holoprosencephaly and hydrocephaly) were induced at a high
      frequency by the maternal administration of thalidomide on day 7, and also in a
      few fetuses on day 8. These fetuses included those with an abnormal skull such as
      hypoplasia of cerebral and facial skull. Microphthalmia in fetuses was observed
      with a single administration from day 7 to 12 of gestation. Contracture of
      forearms and club foot in fetuses resulted from the maternal administration of
      thalidomide on day 8 or 9 of gestation, respectively. With a single
      administration on day 8 or 9 of gestation, kinky tail in fetuses resulted, and
      brachyury was observed with a high frequency from day 8 to 11 of gestation.
      Skeletal anomalies such as fusion or displacement of coccygeal vertebral bodies
      were observed at a high frequency with a single treatment from day 8 to 10 of
      gestation. Among the internal anomalies observed was abnormal lobation of the
      lung, resulting from a single treatment from day 6 to 15 of gestation (except for
      day 13), and abnormal lobation of the liver, induced from day 7 to 10. The
      cardiovascular anomalies were induced at a high frequency with a single treatment
      from day 7 to 9 of gestation. In the present experiment, the critical period for
      each anomaly produced by thalidomide in JW-NIBS rabbits was determined.

PMID- 4065216
TI  - [Capacity for IgE antibody production in ASK mice].
AB  - The capacity for IgE anti body production in ASK mice, which are highly
      sensitivity to anaphylactic shock, was compared with that in C3H and AKR mice.
      Three strains of mice were immunized with DNP-Ascaris mixed with aluminum
      hydroxide gel. IgE antibody to DNP in the sera was titrated by the rat 48-hour
      passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test. Maximum IgE titers of each strain of mice
      were 1: 2560 in C3H, 1: 1280 in ASK and 1: 640 in AKR. IgE antibody was detected
      in the sera until 170 days in C3H, 290 days in ASK and for not less than 320 days
      in AKR. These results suggest that the ASK mouse is a high responder strain for
      IgE antibody.

PMID- 4065217
TI  - [Reliability of automatic blood coagulometer (KC-10) on some species of
      experimental animals].
AB  - Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen
      determinations of some species of experimental animals with automatic
      coagulometer KC-10 were examined in regard to reliability and usefulness. In the
      examinations of within-run precision of the undiluted and diluted plasma of dog,
      rabbit and rat, the results were acceptable. In the examinations of capability
      detecting N-nitrosodimethylamine-induce coagulopathy of rats, the results were
      found to be accurate. The comparison studies between KC-10 and the reference
      instrument AUTO-FI indicated good correlations. These results supported the
      reliability and usefulness of use of automatic coagulometer for blood
      coagulability test on experimental animals.

PMID- 4065218
TI  - [Number of animals used in experiments in 1981. Results of a survey].
AB  - A survey on the number of animals used in experiments including bioassay,
      diagnosis, education and preparation of biological agents such as vaccines
      between April 1981 and March 1982 was conducted. Out of 871 universities,
      institutes, hospitals, testing laboratories and companies, 479 replies were
      received. The distribution of the number of animals is shown in the following
      table: (table: see text)

PMID- 4065219
TI  - Nerve growth factor and glucocorticoids regulate phenotypic expression in
      cultured chromaffin cells from adult rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Adrenal chromaffin cells and sympathetic neurons are both derivatives of the
      neural crest. Despite their morphological and functional differences, chromaffin
      cells retain some developmental plasticity and if treated with Nerve Growth
      Factor (NGF), can express certain characteristics of sympathetic neurons.
      However, there is some age and species variability in the response of chromaffin
      cells to NGF: in general chromaffin cells from adult animals are not considered
      to be dependent on NGF for survival, and chromaffin cells from adults of several
      species fail to respond to NGF in vitro by growing neurites. This is in contrast
      to the dramatic effects of NGF on chromaffin cells from perinatal rats. We have
      examined the requirements of chromaffin cells from adult rhesus monkeys to
      survive, to proliferate, and to express a neuronal morphology in vitro. NGF
      greatly enhances the proportion of rhesus chromaffin cells that form neurites and
      the length of the neurites that are formed, but the conversion to a neuronal
      phenotype is more limited than in chromaffin cells cultured from young rats. NGF
      also enhances rhesus chromaffin cell survival, but fails to stimulate their
      proliferation, in contrast to its effect on perinatal rat cells [18].
      Glucocorticoid hormones (GCs) specifically antagonize the effects of NGF on
      neuritic outgrowth while promoting chromaffin cell survival. Thus adrenal
      chromaffin cells from rhesus monkeys retain a degree of developmental plasticity
      even in the adult animal.

PMID- 4065220
TI  - Detection in BHK cells of a precursor form for lamin A.
AB  - Lamins are structural proteins found in the fibrous lamina underlining the
      nuclear envelope. In vitro translation of polyadenylated RNA or polysomes
      followed by immunoprecipitation with a serum raised against BHK nuclear matrix
      proteins showed that lamin A (72 kD) is synthesized as a high molecular weight
      precursor (74 kD) (Laliberte et al., J Cell Biol 98 (1984) 980) [23]. We have
      thus investigated the presence in BHK cells of this putative precursor by in vivo
      labelling with [35S]methionine and immunoprecipitation of lamin proteins. Short
      labelling times, ranging from 5 to 60 min reveal the presence of the 74 kD
      protein. Pulse-chase experiments indicate that the half-life of the precursor is
      about 60 min. On two-dimensional gel, the 74 kD protein is resolved in a cluster
      of isovariants between pH 7.4 and 6.6, which are generally slightly more alkaline
      than their counterparts in lamin A. These results indicate that lamin A is
      synthesized as a precursor of 74 kD; the long half-life further suggests that pre
      lamin A might accumulate in some sort of cellular pool before undergoing post
      transcriptional modification(s) to give the mature form of lamin A.

PMID- 4065221
TI  - Intracellular transport of asialoglycoproteins in rat hepatocytes. Evidence for
      two subpopulations of lysosomes.
AB  - The intracellular transport and degradation of asialoorosomucoid (AOM) in
      isolated rat hepatocytes was studied by means of subcellular fractionation in
      Nycodenz gradients. The asialoglycoprotein was labelled by covalent attachment of
      a radioiodinated tyramine-cellobiose adduct ( [125I]TC) which leads to labelled
      degradation products being trapped intracellularly and thus serving as markers
      for the degradative organelles. The ligand was initially (1 min) in a slowly
      sedimenting (small) vesicle and subsequently in larger endosomes. Acid-soluble,
      radioactive degradation products were first found in a relatively light lysosome
      whose distribution coincided in the gradient with that of the larger endosome.
      Later (30 min) degradation products were found in denser lysosomes which banded
      in the same region of the gradient as the lysosomal enzyme, beta
      acetylglucosaminidase. Colchicine, monensin and leupeptin all inhibited
      degradation of [125I]tyramine-cellobiose asialoorosomucoid ( [125I]TC-AOM) and
      reduced the formation of degradation products in both the light and the dense
      lysosomes. In presence of monensin and colchicine no undegraded ligand was seen
      in the dense lysosome, suggesting that uptake in these vesicles was inhibited.
      Leupeptin allowed accumulation of undegraded ligand in the dense lysosome.
      Therefore, transfer from light to dense lysosomes is not dependent on degradation
      as such. In the presence of monensin two peaks of undegraded ligand were found in
      the gradients. It seems possible that in the monensin-sensitive endosomes,
      dissociation of the ligand-receptor complex is inhibited, allowing ligand to
      recycle with the receptors in small vesicles.

PMID- 4065222
TI  - Sialic acid lyase in differentiating murine teratocarcinoma cells.
AB  - N-Acetylneuraminic acid lyase (NAN-lyase) activity has been found to be much
      higher in the differentiated, murine parietal endodermal cell (PYS-2) in culture
      than in the related, undifferentiated embryonal teratocarcinoma cell (F9). The
      level of the enzyme rapidly increases in F9 cells exposed to an inducer of
      differentiation such as retinoic acid (RA) (10(-7) M). The level of the enzyme
      increases during log phase of growth of PYS-2 cells and decreases after the cells
      reach confluence. NAN-lyase from PYS-2 cells has been purified 365-fold and has
      been partially characterized. While most of the enzyme is freely soluble, at
      least 16% of the enzyme in PYS-2 cells is associated with the nucleus. The
      possible function of NAN-lyase in the cell and the significance of its marked
      elevation during growth and differentiation are discussed in view of the fact
      that the levels of NAN, neuraminidase, NAN transferases and the enzymes that
      synthesize and activate NAN, remain essentially unchanged during differentiation.

PMID- 4065223
TI  - Correlation between rDNA transcription and distribution of a 100 kD nucleolar
      protein in CHO cells.
AB  - A major nucleolar protein with a molecular weight of 100 kD is directly
      implicated in the transcription of pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) and appears to be
      cleaved into specific maturation products during pre-ribosome biogenesis.
      Polyclonal antibodies which recognize the 100 kD protein and its products were
      used to determine the correlation between rDNA transcription and these proteins.
      Actinomycin D (AMD) was used to block selectively rDNA transcription (AMD 0.1
      microgram/ml). Immunoperoxidase and immunogold staining were carried out in
      untreated and treated cells. Digitalization allowed the quantification of label
      according to the nucleolar components and the cellular areas. In exponentially
      growing cells, the dense fibrillar component was shown to contain more 100 kD
      protein than the granular RNP component but both nucleolar components were
      positively immunostained. The distribution of the 100 kD protein was rapidly
      modified by AMD: loss of label occurred first in the dense fibrillar zone of the
      nucleolus, demonstrating the correlation between rDNA transcription and the
      presence of this protein. However, one part of the protein remains in the
      segregated nucleolus after 1 h of AMD treatment, thus supporting the structural
      function of this protein.

PMID- 4065224
TI  - Interspecies complementation analysis of xeroderma pigmentosum and UV-sensitive
      Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - Complementation analysis was performed 24 h after fusion of UV-sensitive CHO
      cells (CHO 12 RO) with XP cells of complementation groups A, B, C, D, F and G.
      The parental cells are characterized by low levels of unscheduled DNA synthesis
      (UDS). In all combinations, the UDS levels observed in heterokaryons were higher
      than those in parental mutant cells, clearly indicating cooperation of human and
      Chinese hamster repair functions. In heterokaryons of CHO 12 RO with XP-A and XP
      C cells, the UDS values reached about the normal human level, whereas in
      heterokaryons with XP-B, XP-D and XP-F, UDS was restored at a level approaching
      that in wild-type CHO cells. The results obtained after fusion of CHO cells with
      two representative cell strains from the XP-G group, XP 2 BI and XP 3 BR, were
      inconsistent. Fusion with XP 3 BR cells yielded UDS levels ranging from wild-type
      Chinese hamster to normal human, whereas fusion with XP 2 BI cells resulted in a
      slight increase in UDS which even after 48 h remained below the level found in
      wild-type CHO cells. The occurrence of complementation in these interspecies
      heterokaryons indicates that the genetic defect in the CHO 12 RO cells is
      different from the defects in the XP complementation groups tested.

PMID- 4065225
TI  - Stable phenotypic expression by chick chondroblasts in long-term suspension
      cultures as determined by proteoglycan analysis.
AB  - The influence of cell shape on phenotypic expression was studied in chick
      vertebral chondroblasts maintained for several weeks in suspension culture. To
      monitor phenotypic expression, synthesis of proteoglycans was studied in cultures
      of freshly-isolated 1-day-old chondroblasts and 1-to-6-week-old chondroblasts.
      The rate of proteoglycan synthesis was virtually identical in 1-week or older
      chondroblasts; however, this rate was 3- to 5-fold higher than in 1-day-old
      cells. When compared to the latter cells, the various populations of older
      chondroblasts synthesized monomers of the major cartilage proteoglycan (KS: CS
      PG) of slightly lower molecular size and a lower level of unsubstituted N
      acetylgalactosamine residues on their core protein but with similar chondroitin
      sulfate chains and levels of O-linked oligosaccharides. At no time of culture
      were changes in the proportions of the major vs the minor cartilage proteoglycans
      detected. The results suggest that in contrast to epithelioid chondroblasts in
      standard monolayer cultures studied previously, the round floating chondroblasts
      express very stable biosynthetic properties for a prolonged time in suspension.
      The distinct biosynthetic properties of 1-day-old chondroblasts are discussed in
      terms of an initial, transitory response to the culture condition and in relation
      to regulatory mechanisms for proteoglycan elaboration.

PMID- 4065227
TI  - Composition of the nucleotides pool in a morphogenetic compartment in eggs of
      Nassarius reticulatus (Mollusca) analysed by capillary isotachophoresis.
AB  - The spectrum of low molecular weight compounds, in particular of ribonucleotides,
      within first cleavage stage embryos of the polar lobe-forming mollusc Nassarius
      reticulatus and the distribution of the compounds within the embryo at the
      trefoil stage of first cleavage are analysed by means of capillary
      isotachophoresis after 0.5 M PCA extraction. The compounds which are found in the
      whole trefoil embryo (T), the lobeless part (LL), and the polar lobe (PL)
      respectively, and the mean quantities (nmol. microliter-1; n = 6) are: UTP (11.5,
      4.8, 5.6), ITP (8.5, 3.6, 5.0), GTP (10.3, 3.0, 9.0), ATP (29.8, 13.4, 18.8), UDP
      (11.8, 3.4, 8.7), CTP (8.0, 3.1, 4.5), GDP (5.3, 2.6, 3.4), ADP (16.5, 6.1,
      11.6), CDP (4.0, 1.4, 2.6), GMP (4.7, 2.7, 4.3), glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) (53.5,
      38.8, 13.0). These compounds appear to be localized in the non-yolk cytoplasmic
      pool. As the volume ratio of PL/LL for total volume and for non-yolk cytoplasmic
      volume is about 0.74 and 0.60 respectively, the concentration of all nucleotides
      in PL as compared to LL is significantly higher (HO, p less than 0.001), both
      relative to the total volume and to the non-yolk cytoplasmic volume. The G6P
      concentration is considerably higher in the lobeless part. The morphogenetic role
      of the vegetal pole compartment of the egg apparently is correlated with a
      relatively high level of its nucleotide contents.

PMID- 4065226
TI  - Cell cycle arrest of heat-inactivated ts 2 BALB/c-3T3 mouse fibroblasts,
      temperature-sensitive for DNA synthesis.
AB  - The ts 2 derivative of BALB/c-3T3 mouse fibroblasts is a cell division cycle
      (cdc) mutant. Upon expression of the heat-sensitive defect, ts 2 cells arrest
      late in G1 at, or very near the G1/S traverse. This conclusion derives from three
      kinds of experiment. In the first the cells were brought to different stages of
      the cell cycle by physiological manipulation, or with specific anti-metabolites.
      They were then released from the resulting blocks, and their subsequent cell
      cycle progression, at the permissive- and non-permissive temperature (npt), was
      followed. The second experiment was an execution point analysis. In the third,
      premature chromosome condensation was performed between metaphase HeLa cells and
      temperature-blocked ts 2 cells. The resulting prematurely-condensed chromosomes
      were largely of the morphotype of very late G1 cells. The ts 2 cells are
      prevented from expressing their defect by temporary incubation at 38.5 degrees C
      in the G0, non-cycling state and by prior arrest in early S phase, imposed by
      hydroxyurea treatment. Such prevention is not allowed ts 2 cells incubated at the
      npt in the absence of isoleucine, a procedure which brings cells to mid-G1
      arrest.

PMID- 4065228
TI  - Fibronectin-independent attachment of human gingival fibroblasts to interstitial
      and basement membrane collagens.
AB  - We have studied the ability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) to attach to
      different interstitial (types I, II and III) and basement membrane (types IV and
      V) collagens. HGF cells were plated onto collagen-coated Petri dishes under
      various conditions and the percentage of cells attaching to the collagen was
      determined. HGF were found to attach to all the different types of native
      collagens, but attached poorly to the corresponding denatured collagens. When
      plated in the presence of 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS) or fibronectin-depleted
      FBS, similar percentages (approximately 85%) of cells attached to both
      interstitial and basement membrane collagens, demonstrating an attachment
      mechanism that is independent of plasma fibronectin. That the attachment in the
      presence of serum was also independent of cellular fibronectin was shown by the
      inability of fibronectin antibodies to block attachment to any of the collagen
      types. HGF were also capable of attaching to all of the collagen types in the
      complete absence of serum. In previous studies, investigators using cell lines
      have suggested that cell attachment in the absence of serum is non-physiological.
      However, the serum-free attachment of HGF to collagen was found to be dependent
      on cellular protein synthesis indicating that this attachment mechanism has
      biological significance.

PMID- 4065229
TI  - Intercellular voltage gradient between oocyte and nurse cell in a polychaete.
AB  - In the polychaete Ophryotrocha labronica the oocyte is supported during
      vitellogenesis by a single nurse cell, which is cytoplasmically contiguous with
      the oocyte through an intercellular bridge. Our electrical measurements
      demonstrate a marked potential difference (22-32 mV) between the oocyte and the
      nurse cell in mid-vitellogenesis, suggesting an electrophoretically caused
      migration of nurse cell constituents into the oocyte. Possibly this potential
      gradient helps to create a developmental prepattern in the oocyte, a role
      postulated for similar gradients within the oocyte-nurse cell complex of the
      Cecropia moth.

PMID- 4065230
TI  - Distribution of phosphatic metabolites in the porcine cornea using phosphorus-31
      nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - This study describes the phosphatic metabolite contribution of the porcine
      corneal stroma [by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (P-31 NMR)] and the
      corneal epithelium (by difference calculation) to the total phosphatic metabolic
      profile of the intact (i.e. whole, undissected) cornea. In order to provide such
      a regional analysis, the epithelium and endothelium were surgically removed from
      three sets of 12 corneas. Three additional sets of 12 intact corneas were used as
      controls. Histological examination of two randomly selected stromata from each
      set of corneas were analyzed to verify that epithelium and endothelium were
      removed. Perchloric acid extracts were prepared from the 10 remaining stromata
      for P-31 NMR analysis. Twenty phosphatic metabolites were measured including six
      unidentified (unknown) signals. Components with diminished relative
      concentrations in the stromal profile compared to that of the intact cornea
      profile are: the triose and hexose phosphates associated with glycolysis
      (including alpha-glycerophosphate), choline phosphate, ATP, uridine
      diphosphohexoses and the unknown compound resonating at 0.93 delta. The relative
      level of inorganic phosphate in the stroma is nearly doubled. The remaining
      measured phosphates are not significantly changed relative to the total
      extractable phosphorus content. Consistent with previous biochemical findings,
      phosphates associated with energy metabolism are found primarily in the
      epithelial fraction. The metabolic status of the endothelial monolayer cannot be
      assessed because of low tissue mass and the relatively low sensitivity of P-31
      NMR spectroscopy. This study serves as baseline data for the interpretation of
      experimental and clinical phosphorus NMR data from intact cornea by providing the
      contribution to the whole corneal spectrum of metabolites of the individual
      corneal layers.

PMID- 4065231
TI  - Surface coil phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the intact eye.
AB  - The feasibility of employing the surface coil probe technique for the non
      invasive study of ocular tissue metabolism by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectroscopy (31P NMR) in enucleated bovine, rabbit, human and rat
      globes is demonstrated. An assessment of individual phosphorus-metabolite
      contributions from ocular tissues, including the cornea, lens and iris, to the
      overall 31P NMR spectrum (NMR spectral acquisition parameters optimized for the
      lens region of the globe) was accomplished through the combination of surgical
      ablation and difference spectroscopy. The NMR measurements also provided tissue
      pH values for the lens and cornea. The strengths and limitations of the surface
      coil NMR method, which is particularly appropriate for in vivo metabolic studies
      of ocular tissues such as the lens, are discussed.

PMID- 4065232
TI  - A comparison of the changing patterns of crystallin expression in vivo, in long
      term primary cultures in vitro and in response to a carcinogen.
AB  - Changes in the differentiation of day-old chick lens epithelium in long-term
      primary culture conditions were investigated by sodium dodecyl sulphate
      polyacrylamide electrophoresis, using integrating densitometry to assess the
      relative levels of accumulated crystallin and non-crystallin polypeptides and
      fluorography to assess their relative levels of synthesis. The main changes
      during the culture period included a relative decline in the proportion of actin
      and other non-crystallins, an initial increase in 48K delta-crystallin expression
      followed by a decline and a shift in beta-crystallin expression from a relative
      preponderance of the 24K and 23K polypeptides to a relative preponderance of the
      24K and 22K polypeptides. At all stages the level of the 19K alpha-crystallin was
      higher than that of the 20K alpha-crystallin polypeptide. In general, the changes
      in the pattern of expression of these polypeptides in culture were similar to
      those observed in vivo in the post-hatch chick, suggesting an intrinsic programme
      of crystallin expression. The changes in gene expression were also tested
      indirectly by brief exposure of the cells in vitro to a carcinogen, N-methyl-N'
      nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) which is known to produce, in some systems,
      effects related to the status of the cell at the time of treatment. The effects
      were found to depend on the stage of differentiation of the culture at the time
      of treatment. Treatment on day 1 of culture prevented later lentoid formation and
      severely reduced the expression of all crystallins with the exception of the 34K
      beta-crystallin polypeptide. Actin was the most abundant soluble cell component,
      and a proportion of the cells acquired a fibroblast-like morphology. Treatment
      with MNNG on day 7 led to a delay in lentoid formation and a differential
      reduction of the synthesis of crystallin polypeptides, whereas the treatment of
      already differentiated cultures on day 18 and to lesser extents on days 27, 45
      and 55, respectively, led to an increase in crystallin synthesis relative to
      controls. These results suggest that this programme of crystallin gene expression
      becomes more resistant to change with increasing epithelial differentiation.

PMID- 4065233
TI  - Vimentin synthesis by ocular lens cells.
AB  - A study of the synthesis of the intermediate filament protein, vimentin, is
      reported here. The following systems were examined: the epithelial cells of the
      organ-cultured rabbit lens, the epithelial and cortical fiber cells of the organ
      cultured adult chicken lens and the epithelial cells of the rabbit lens grown in
      tissue culture. Vimentin is actively synthesized by all of the above mentioned
      cells.

PMID- 4065234
TI  - Ontogeny of human lens crystallins.
AB  - The soluble proteins from prenatal and neonatal human lenses were fractionated by
      gel filtration into four distinct size classes viz. high molecular weight alpha
      crystallin (HM-alpha), alpha-crystallin, intermediate molecular weight (IMW)
      proteins and low molecular weight (LMW) proteins. Extinction coefficients of the
      isolated proteins were determined and used to calculate the proportions of each
      fraction on a weight basis. The distributions of polypeptides within each of
      these fractions were analyzed by SDS gel electrophoresis and isoelectric
      focussing, followed by densitometric scanning of the gels. HM-alpha is detectable
      as early as the 14th week of gestation and its proportions increase rapidly, to
      about 9% of the total protein in the 1 year postnatal lens. The alpha-crystallin,
      IMW and LMW fractions show concomitant decreases and by 1 year they represent
      about 34, 35 and 18%, respectively. However, the proportions of IMW and LMW
      proteins do not accurately reflect those of the beta- and gamma-crystallins, as
      is often assumed. Substantial levels of non-crystallin polypeptides were found in
      the IMW protein fractions, including a group of very basic polypeptides (VBP)
      which comprised up to one-third of this material in the youngest lenses.
      Moreover, in postnatal lenses beta s-crystallin accounted for almost half of the
      LMW proteins. These points considered, alpha-crystallin is the major protein in
      the neonatal lens (approximately 42%, including HM-alpha), followed by the beta
      crystallin (approximately 36% at most and probably less), the gamma-crystallins
      (approximately 11%) and beta s-crystallin (approximately 9%). Substantial changes
      in the proportions of specific polypeptides were observed throughout early
      development. These appear to result from changes at the level of protein
      synthesis and from postsynthetic modification. The A:B subunit ratio of alpha
      crystallin drops from about 12 to below 3 during early development. This
      coincides with increasing levels of various deamidated and degraded subunits. The
      major beta-crystallin polypeptide also undergoes rapid deamidation and evidence
      is presented suggesting that the gamma-crystallins are subject to similar
      modification. The most dramatic changes were observed in the constituents of the
      LMW proteins. The synthesis of gamma-crystallins virtually ceases at some time
      around birth. At the same time, the levels of beta s-crystallin undergo an
      explosive increase. These and other changes are discussed in terms of their
      possible functional significance. They are also related to the complex protein
      status found in old lenses.

PMID- 4065236
TI  - Adrenergic excitatory and cholinergic inhibitory innervations in the human iris
      dilator.
AB  - To investigate the pattern of innervation in the human iris dilator muscle,
      effects of field stimulation on the isometric tension of dilator muscle were
      investigated in vitro. Throughout the experiments, spontaneous contractions did
      not occur. Application of repetitive field stimulations evoked biphasic
      mechanical responses (i.e. an initial phasic contraction followed by long lasting
      relaxation) of the isolated human iris dilator. These mechanical responses were
      abolished by 10(-7) M tetrodotoxin (a nerve poison), thereby indicating that the
      mechanical responses were neurogenic. Furthermore, the initial phasic
      contractions and following muscle relaxation were selectively blocked by
      phentolamine (10(-5) M) and atropine (10(-5) M), respectively. The degree of the
      muscle relaxation to that of contraction was much larger than that assumed by
      other investigators who used tissues from different species. The present results
      indicate that the human iris dilator muscle is innervated by adrenergic
      excitatory and cholinergic inhibitory nerves, and that cholinergic inhibitory
      innervations in this muscle may support the cholinergic miosis in the iris
      sphincter muscle.

PMID- 4065235
TI  - Preventive effect of ascorbic acid against glucocorticoid-induced cataract
      formation of developing chick embryos.
AB  - Glucocorticoid administration to developing chick embryos is known to promote
      cataract formation with a decreasing level of glutathione in the lens. To gain
      further understanding of this process, the level of ascorbic acid, a biological
      antioxidant, in the lenses was measured during the course of glucocorticoid
      treatment. When 0.25 mumol of hydrocortisone hemisuccinate sodium (HC) were
      administered to 15-day-old chick embryos, the level of ascorbic acid in the lens
      began to decline after 30 hr and became around 40% of the control value at 48 hr
      after HC treatment. At this time about 90% of the lenses showed opacity in the
      nuclear region. However, the level of ascorbic acid in the cataractous lens
      recovered to the control level at 96 hr, a time when the lens has recovered from
      cataract formation. A triple application of ascorbic acid (20 mumol/egg) at 3, 10
      and 20 hr after HC treatment significantly prevented lens opacification. The
      administration of ascorbic acid prevented the decline of ascorbic acid content
      and partially that of glutathione content in the lens caused by HC.

PMID- 4065237
TI  - Age-related changes in protein conformation in bovine lens crystallins.
AB  - In order to investigate the conformational changes associated with the aging
      process, circular dichroism (CD), absorption and fluorescence measurements of
      bovine lens crystallins isolated from the nucleus of old (cow) and young (calf)
      animals are reported. Results show considerable differences in spectroscopic
      parameters between the young and old alpha-crystallin; however, no such changes
      were observed for beta- and gamma-crystallins. Age-related changes include an
      increased absorption in near-u.v. and decreased intensity in the far-u.v. region;
      near-u.v. circular dichroism shows a considerable difference, whereas the
      dichroism in far-u.v. remains the same. The decrease in tryptophan fluorescence
      of old alpha-crystallin is of the same magnitude as is the increase in non
      tryptophan fluorescence. The fluorescence of the sulfhydryl (SH) specific probe,
      2-(4'-maleimidylanilino) naphthalene-6-sulfonate, indicates that accessible (to
      the probe) SH groups of cow alpha-crystallin are fewer than those of calf, and
      they are also in a more polar environment. This study demonstrates that, with
      aging, alpha-crystallin undergoes a change in the tertiary structure involving
      tryptophan, tyrosine and cysteine residues. This conformational change has been
      explained by the suggestion that a large portion of the protein unfolds during
      the aging process, resulting in a change in interaction properties between the
      aromatic amino acid residues and between the residues and the peptide backbone.
      The unfolding is also associated with the accessibility, reactivity and spatial
      arrangement of these residues, including the cysteine by which aggregation or
      cross-linking of the protein is likely to occur.

PMID- 4065238
TI  - Simplified concanavalin-A sepharose adsorption method for separation of cone
      visual pigments from rhodopsin.
AB  - Batch adsorption of chicken photoreceptor extract using Concanavalin-A Sepharose
      enables separation of rod and cone pigments and separation of cone pigments of
      different color sensitivity. In earlier work, column separations using the same
      adsorption medium, although effective, with high resolution, were slow, demanding
      and required many differential bleachings of column fractions for analysis. It is
      shown here that affinity separations can be performed in the batch adsorption
      mode to purify cattle, frog and chicken rhodopsin. These procedures are more
      rapid and much more convenient. An extract from the chicken retina can rapidly be
      separated into four fractions, including three highly enriched (80% or more)
      visual pigment fractions: (1) extraneous proteins, carotenoids and phospholipids;
      (2) short wavelength-sensitive pigments; (3) iodopsin; and (4) rhodopsin. While
      the resolution is not as great as that of the columns, the selectivity is
      sufficient to produce cone pigments, which are only slightly contaminated with
      rhodopsin and free of other proteins, either to experiment with directly or to
      enable heavier loading on high resolution columns. The method is adaptable both
      to highly labile pigments and to very small quantities, neither of which perform
      well in column separations.

PMID- 4065239
TI  - Complex formation of EDTA-extractable proteins from calf lens fiber membranes
      with calcium and acidic phospholipids.
AB  - The nature of the membrane components, which are involved in the calcium
      dependent binding of EDTA-extractable proteins (EEP) to calf lens fiber
      membranes, has been investigated. Association experiments of radioiodinated EEP
      with several lens membrane preparations by means of the gel-overlay technique
      have shown that only phospholipids have the ability to bind EEP in the presence
      of calcium. The water-soluble crystallins, cytoskeletal proteins and membrane
      proteins of lens cells lack EEP-binding properties in this technique. Binding
      studies of EEP with sonicated vesicles of separate phospholipids revealed that
      acidic calcium-binding phospholipids, i.e. phosphatidylserine (PS),
      phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) are effective in
      binding provided that calcium is present. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and
      sphingomyelin (SM) do not bind EEP in the presence of calcium. The results of
      association and binding studies indicate that the EEP-lipid binding is purely
      electrostatic and is accomplished very likely by coupling of the anionic groups
      of EEP and phospholipids via calcium ions. The interaction of EEP with (isolated)
      lens fiber membranes is resistant to the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 in the
      presence of calcium. This result confirms the earlier idea that the EEP-membrane
      binding is predominantly or even exclusively electrostatic. It is suggested that
      calcium-binding phospholipids, rather than proteins, function as binding sites
      for EEP in this hydrophilic calcium-dependent binding of EEP to lens fiber
      membranes.

PMID- 4065240
TI  - Age-related changes in the proteins of individual skate lenses.

PMID- 4065241
TI  - Modification of DNA and protein in cataract.

PMID- 4065242
TI  - Response of the intracellular potentials of cultured bovine lens cells to ions
      and inhibitors.
AB  - Micropuncture of bovine lens epithelial cells cultured on plastic culture dishes
      gave values for the plasma membrane voltage (V) which remained stable for periods
      of up to several hours. The value of V was mainly in the range -30 to -45 mV,
      mean value -36.9 +/- 0.5 mV (S.E.M., n = 188). Raising extracellular [K+] from 5
      to 40 mM depolarized V by 10 +/- 3 mV. The extent of this depolarization
      increased with increasing steady-state V. Barium (2 mM) caused a rapid,
      reversible depolarization of 7.9 +/- 1.2 mV. In the presence of Ba2+, the
      response to 40 mM K was reduced to 3.6 +/- 1.1 mV. Ouabain (10(-5) M) caused a
      fast depolarization by 5.3 +/- 1.2 mV. Exposure to calcium-free EGTA-Ringer's
      depolarized V reversibly by 19.5 +/- 5.0 mV. In Ca-free medium, the
      depolarization induced by 40 mM K was reduced to 3.2 +/- 2.4 mV. Whereas in
      control Ringer's sodium conductance (as measured by exposure to a 10 mM [Na]
      Ringer's) is small as compared to potassium conductance, it increased markedly in
      Ca-depleted medium. Amiloride (10(-4) and 10(-3) M) had no effect on this Na
      conductance. An increase in the relative conductance for sodium was also elicited
      by Ba2+ (2 mM). Extracellular acidification led to a depolarization,
      alkalinization to a hyperpolarization. The extent of this effect was virtually
      equal in the absence or presence of HCO3-, excluding a significant pathway for
      bicarbonate. No evidence for a significant chloride conductance could be
      obtained.

PMID- 4065243
TI  - Aqueous humor-stimulated protein biosynthesis in ocular tissue fibroblast
      culture.
AB  - Dilute concentrations of aqueous humor stimulate DNA synthesis and cell division
      in monolayer fibroblast culture of rabbit skin and human and rabbit Tenon's
      capsule. We used [35S]-methionine to study 20% aqueous humor's effect on protein
      biosynthesis. A non-specific stimulator, 10% fetal bovine serum, was also used
      for comparison. Incorporation of radioactivity into acid-precipitable material
      was measured in both the fibroblasts and the media containing extracellular
      labeled proteins. The extracellular and intracellular labeled proteins were
      resolved by gel electrophoresis. Both 20% aqueous humor and 10% fetal bovine
      serum stimulated increased incorporation of [35S]-methionine into intracellular
      proteins relative to control values (from fibroblasts maintained in 0.5% fetal
      bovine serum-supplemented medium). However, 20% aqueous humor caused only a
      slight increase in labeling of proteins exported into the medium, whereas 10%
      fetal bovine serum stimulated a several-fold increase in extracellular labeled
      proteins relative to control values. Gel electrophoresis of labeled proteins
      showed that the quantitative distribution of extracellular proteins varied
      depending on the growth stimulator present. We conclude that the protein
      biosynthesis modulation by aqueous humor differs from that by fetal bovine serum.
      Aqueous humor may selectively stimulate the synthesis of discrete proteins while
      a general stimulation occurs with fetal bovine serum.

PMID- 4065244
TI  - Purification and characterization of the two forms of glutathione S-transferase
      present in human lens.
AB  - Human lens has two forms of glutathione S-transferase having pI values of greater
      than 10 and 4.4. Both of these enzymes may have been purified to an apparent
      homogeneity from normal human lenses using glutathione affinity chromatography
      and isoelectric focusing. These two isoenzymes are significantly different from
      each other in their kinetic, structural, and immunological properties. The
      cationic form (pI greater than 10) is a dimer of Mr 24 500 subunits whereas the
      anionic form (pI 4.4) is a dimer of Mr 22 500 subunits. Neither of the two forms
      express selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase II activity.

PMID- 4065245
TI  - Repigmentation of human retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro.
AB  - Cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells readily ingested both
      melanin and lipofuscin isolated from human RPE cells. Up to 7 days post-challenge
      ingested granules demonstrated no evidence of lysis or aggregation within
      secondary lysosomes. When cultures containing ingested melanin and lipofuscin
      were subcultured the cells gradually depigmented due to a redistribution of
      pigment granules amongst daughter cells. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that
      the accumulation of both types of granule was linear over a 24 hr challenge
      period. This study reports a technique of 'artificially' repigmenting cultured
      human RPE cells and thus offers the potential for in vitro investigations of the
      role of these inclusions in various dynamic aspects of cellular metabolism.

PMID- 4065246
TI  - Retinal blood flow in the cat following periods of light and darkness.
AB  - Estimates of flow velocity in retinal arterioles of seven cat eyes were obtained
      using high-speed cine Indocyanine Green absorption angiography in the near-infra
      red waveband, following alternate 30 min periods of light and darkness.
      Simultaneous estimates of vessel calibre were obtained by micrometry of the cine
      image. Comparisons of values obtained after periods of light adaptation with the
      preceeding and subsequent periods of darkness show no significant changes in
      vessel calibre (at P greater than 0.95 level, confidence limits +/- 17% of the
      mean) while three of 14 comparisons show significant but inconsistent changes in
      linear flow velocity (at P greater than 0.95 level, confidence limits +/- 22% of
      the mean). A significant decrease (41%) in b-wave amplitude was seen in six of
      seven experiments after dark adaptation subsequent to exposure to light for a
      total of 60 min.

PMID- 4065247
TI  - Fluorescein distribution in retinas of normal and diabetic rats.
AB  - Quantitative fluorescence microscopy was used to study fluorescein distribution
      across the blood-retinal barrier in control and streptozotocin diabetic rats at 2
      min, 1 and 2 hr after dye injection (12.5 and 125 mg kg-1 i.v.). Fluorescence
      intensities of choriocapillaris and retina were compared with plasma fluorescein
      levels. Diabetic rats had only one-half the total plasma fluorescein
      concentration of controls by 1 hr after injection, but the proportion of free
      fluorescein was greater in diabetic animals than in controls, providing the total
      plasma dye levels did not exceed the binding capacity of plasma proteins.
      Diabetic rats also had more unbound fluorescein glucuronide in plasma. With
      fluorescence microscopy no focal fluorescein leakage from retinal capillaries or
      pigment epithelium was seen in any diabetic or control eye. However, the dye was
      detected in retinas of diabetic and control animals at all intervals except 2 hr
      after injection of the lower dose when its fluorescence was too low to measure.
      Initial fluorescein entry occurred from the choroid by diffusion through pigment
      epithelial cells creating a steep intensity gradient decreasing from outer to
      inner retinal layers. With time this gradient flattened and then completely
      reversed, suggesting removal of dye from outer retinal layers and concomitant
      equilibration of inner layers with a pool of fluorescein in vitreous humor.
      Although the pattern of transretinal fluorescence distribution was similar in all
      rats, in specific instances, retinal fluorescence intensity differed
      significantly between control and diabetic animals. Fluorescence intensity was
      higher in diabetic than in control rats at 2 min after the 12.5 mg kg-1 dose and
      lower at 1 hr after the 125 mg kg-1 dose (P less than 0.05). These differences
      were directly related to transient differences in plasma free fluorescein
      concentrations, and in both cases, retinal fluorescence in diabetic rats returned
      to control values in conjunction with return to control levels of their plasma
      free fluorescein concentrations. The amount of dye detected in diabetic retinas
      was not in excess of normal levels at any interval after injection when related
      to concurrent plasma free fluorescein concentrations. These data do not indicate
      blood-retinal barrier dysfunction in the diabetic rat, but interpretation of the
      results is limited by the experimental conditions. With the high dose there was
      probably initial saturation of active transport mechanisms for dye removal, and
      with the low dose, dye distribution could not be followed to 2 hr when evidence
      of abnormal accumulation in retina may be more apparent.

PMID- 4065248
TI  - Lysosomal enzymes in human tear fluid collected by filter paper strips.
AB  - Protein concentrations and lysosomal enzyme activities in tear fluid collected by
      filter paper strips were studied. The magnitude of the wetted area on the filter
      paper did not affect the apparent protein concentration in the tear fluid.
      Lysosomal enzyme activities in tear fluid were higher than those in serum. The pH
      and enzyme activity curves in tear fluid were similar to those in serum. The
      optimal pH of acid phosphatase, beta-D-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-D
      glucosaminidase, alpha-L-fucosidase and alpha-D-mannosidase in tear fluid were
      determined.

PMID- 4065249
TI  - Anti-inflammatory effects of ketoprofen in rabbit corneal epithelial wound model.
AB  - Ocular anti-inflammatory effects of ketoprofen were assessed and compared with
      indomethacin in the rabbit corneal epithelial wound model. Intraperitoneally (5
      mg kg-1 and 50 mg kg-1) and topically (0.01%) administered ketoprofen and topical
      indomethacin (0.5%) prevented the release of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)
      into the tear fluid of rabbits following partial de-epithelialization. However,
      0.001% ketoprofen applied topically potentiated the PMN response. Topical
      ketoprofen at all doses tested equally inhibited prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in
      both conjunctiva and iris-ciliary body. In contrast, indomethacin was more
      effective in inhibiting PG synthesis in conjunctiva than in the iris-ciliary
      body. In addition, anti-inflammatory doses of ketoprofen did not interfere with
      wound healing after complete corneal de-epithelialization in rabbits.

PMID- 4065250
TI  - Retinal light-damage in albino rats: lysosomal enzymes, rhodopsin, and age.
AB  - The damaging effects incurred during a light-insult on the albino rat retina are
      studied separately from the resultant loss of visual cells which occurs. Groups
      of rats, 5-20 weeks of age, are exposed to 48 hr of 80 lux illumination,
      maintained in the dark for various lengths of time, and then killed. Beginning at
      light-off and continuing throughout 3 days of darkness, assays are made of (i)
      outer nuclear layer thickness; (ii) whole retina rhodopsin levels; and (iii)
      activities of lysosomal proteases known to be important in the degradation of
      retinal and ocular tissue. It is found that (a) having been given the light
      insult, most of the visual cells that will die and disappear do so during the
      dark, postexposure period; (b) the retinas of all the animals show a limited
      capability for regenerating rhodopsin after the light-insult but younger animals
      are somewhat more successful at sustaining this than are older ones; (c)
      proteolytic enzyme activity is greatest in older animals which are also the ones
      that lose the most cells.

PMID- 4065251
TI  - Aberrant melanosome development in the retinal pigmented epithelium of cats with
      Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
AB  - The Chediak-Higashi syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by greatly
      enlarged cytoplasmic granules, including lysosomes and melanosomes. Eyes of
      humans and animals with Chediak-Higashi syndrome are hypopigmented to various
      degrees. Intraocular melanin granules vary in size, with some being massively
      enlarged. Electron microscopic examination of retinal pigmented epithelium of
      kittens with Chediak-Higashi syndrome disclosed a number of abnormalities of
      premelanosomes and melanosomes. Few premelanosomes were present. Most of the
      melanin granules were giant sized, but their structures varied. Some of the giant
      granules were composed of several premelanosomes and melanosomes in different
      stages of maturation. Others contained randomly oriented melanofilaments between
      melanosomes. There were also complex giant granules consisting of both
      melanosomal and lysosomal components. Inappropriate fusion of cytoplasmic
      granules appears to be the most likely mechanism for formation of the giant
      granules. Fusion of premelanosomes with lysosomes and resultant destruction of
      the premelanosomes probably is a major cause of the ocular hypopigmentation of
      Chediak-Higashi syndrome.

PMID- 4065252
TI  - Photoreceptor synaptic ribbons: three-dimensional shape, orientation and diurnal
      (non) variation.
AB  - A variety of different lighting regimes have been reported to cause alterations
      in the length and number of synaptic ribbons within photoreceptor synaptic
      terminals. Whether these alterations occur in mammalian visual systems during a
      diurnal lighting cycle was tested using computer-assisted morphometrics. Adult
      guinea pigs were entrained to a 12:12/ligh:dark regime and subsequently killed at
      various times throughout the cycle. Representative samples from all quadrants of
      the eyes were processed for electron microscopy and the synaptic ribbons within
      the synaptic terminals of the three different types of photoreceptors in this
      retina (alpha and paranuclear rods, and cones) were analyzed with the aid of an
      image analysis computer (Zeiss IBAS) for their length and absolute number per
      terminal. Contrary to previously published reports on other species, the synaptic
      ribbons in all three terminal types exhibited no statistically significant change
      in either number per terminal or in length, throughout the 24 hr cycle. Computer
      based three-dimensional reconstructions from serial thin sections revealed
      horseshoe-shaped synaptic ribbons with pleats in numerous planes conforming to
      the contours of the invaginating postsynaptic elements.

PMID- 4065253
TI  - Nonenzymatic modification of lens crystallins by prednisolone induces sulfhydryl
      oxidation and aggregate formation: in vitro and in vivo studies.
AB  - Steroid-induced cataracts occur as a consequence of prolonged, therapeutic levels
      of glucocorticoids. Previous studies have shown that these lens opacities are
      associated with the occurrence of covalent glucocorticoid-lens protein adducts.
      In vitro, the glucocorticoid prednisolone nonenzymatically modifies the lysine
      residues of lens crystallins. This modification increases the reactivity of
      protein thiols and leads to the formation of high-molecular-weight, disulfide
      linked aggregates. Prednisolone-induced aggregates result in an opalescence in
      the crystallins solution which is reversed by the addition of dithiothreitol. The
      acetylation of lens proteins prior to incubation inhibits both the incorporation
      of prednisolone and the development of opalescence. Gel filtration chromatography
      of the prednisolone lens protein incubations shows that the majority of the
      protein-incorporated prednisolone is associated with the disulfide-linked
      complexes. Similar analysis of proteins obtained from a human steroid-induced
      cataract demonstrates that prednisolone adducts which form in vivo are also
      present in reducible, high-molecular-weight complexes. These results implicate
      the nonenzymatic modification of lens crystallins in the cataractogenic effect of
      glucocorticoids and suggest possible pharmacological strategies in preventing
      this toxic manifestation of steroid therapy.

PMID- 4065254
TI  - Urokinase binding to bovine corneal endothelial cells.
AB  - Previously, we showed that the clotting factor thrombin binds to bovine corneal
      endothelial cells forming a covalent complex with a protein released by these
      cells into the culture media. We report that the plasminogen activator,
      urokinase, an enzyme involved in dissolution of blood clots, binds specifically
      to bovine corneal endothelial cells. [125I]-urokinase is rapidly bound by corneal
      endothelial cells. The serine active site of urokinase is required for binding
      since [125I]-urokinase inactivated with diisoprophylfluorophosphate does not bind
      to the cells. Pre-incubation of corneal cells with unlabeled urokinase for 20 hr
      results in increased release of binding sites for [125I]-urokinase into the
      culture media and at least a 3.5-fold increase in binding by the cells. [125I]
      urokinase forms a 73 300 dalton sodium dodecyl sulfate complex with a corneal
      endothelial cell protein. Although thrombin competes with urokinase for binding
      to corneal endothelial cells, urokinase has at least a 10-fold higher affinity
      for binding to the cells. Furthermore, these cells make a plasminogen activator
      identical in molecular weight to urokinase. Thus, under physiological conditions,
      urokinase rather than thrombin binds to corneal endothelial cells. Binding may
      serve to regulate endogenous urokinase activity in the anterior chamber of the
      eye by limiting its extracellular proteolytic activity.

PMID- 4065255
TI  - A reevaluation of corneal endothelial permeability to fluorescein.
AB  - The permeability of the corneal endothelium and its aqueous-cornea distribution
      ratio were reevaluated in the rabbit eye. Both parameters were determined in an
      individual eye by applying the dye first by iontophoresis and then by
      intravitreal injection, which allows the influence of fluorescein glucuronide on
      the fluorophotometric measurements to be excluded. The corneal endothelial
      permeability coefficient was 5.13 +/- 1.64 X 10(-4) cm min-1, and the aqueous
      cornea distribution ratio was 0.25 +/- 0.06 (mean +/- S.D., n = 11) on the
      average, and the former was considerably greater than the previous results, while
      the latter was considerably smaller.

PMID- 4065256
TI  - Time change of rabbit aqueous flow under influence of adrenergic drugs.
AB  - The changes in the aqueous flow rate with time under action of acetazolamide, a
      selective alpha 1 agonist, phenylephrine, selective beta 2 agonist, salbutamol,
      and beta antagonist, timolol, were studied by the pre-invasive method of Johnson
      and Maurice in the normal rabbit. After intravenous injection of 50 mg kg-1 of
      acetazolamide, the experimental to control ratio of the apparent flow rate
      significantly decreased to 71 +/- 2% at 2 hr and 53 +/- 2% at 4 hr (mean +/-
      S.E.(M.), n = 7). After a single instillation of 5% L-phenylephrine, it showed
      two phase changes; it significantly increased to 121 +/- 5% at 1 hr and 110 +/-
      3% at 2 hr, while it significantly decreased to 93 +/- 2% at 4 and 5 hr and 95 +/
      2% at 6 hr (n = 8). Pretreatment with prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibitor,
      flurbiprofen, did not cause significant effect on the phenylephrine action, while
      pretreatment with alpha antagonist, phenoxybenzamine abolished it. After a single
      instillation of 2.5% salbutamol, it significantly decreased to 78 +/- 4% at 1 hr,
      84 +/- 3% at 2 hr and 91 +/- 3% at 3 and 4 hr (n = 8), while a single
      instillation of 0.5% L-timolol did not show significant effect on it.
      Pretreatment with timolol abolished the salbutamol action. The mean aqueous flow
      rate in the normal rabbit as determined by this method was 3.64 +/- 0.15
      microliters min-1 (n = 20).

PMID- 4065257
TI  - Effect of 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT) on glutathione-linked
      detoxification mechanisms of rat ocular lens.
AB  - When rats were orally administered a daily dose of 300 mg kg-1 body weight of 3,5
      di-t-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT) for 4 days, about 90% increase over basal level
      in total glutathione (GSH) S-transferase activity towards 1-chloro-2,4
      dinitrobenzene (CDNB) was observed in ocular lens. GSH S-transferase activity in
      the ocular lens was also increased towards other substrates such as p-nitrobenzyl
      chloride and ethacrynic acid. In the rat lens, two isoenzymes of GSH S
      transferase (pI 8.0 and 6.1) are present, and both of these isoenzymes are
      induced by BHT treatment. The quantification of GSH S-transferase protein in the
      control and the BHT-treated rat lenses indicates that the increase in GSH S
      transferase activity in the ocular lens is due to the increased enzyme protein
      and not due to the activation of the enzyme. A significant increase in
      glutathione (acid soluble thiol) levels and glutathione reductase activity was
      also observed in the lenses of rats treated with BHT. Glutathione peroxidase
      activity and the enzymes of mercapturic acid pathway except GSH S-transferase
      remained unaltered by the BHT treatment.

PMID- 4065258
TI  - Response of cultured human lenses to H2O2.

PMID- 4065259
TI  - The comparative biology of longevity and lifetime energetics.
AB  - The relationships between longevity and cumulative energy metabolism in
      homeothermic vertebrates are explored interspecifically as allometric functions,
      and intraspecifically in terms of metabolic extension, through restriction of
      energy intake, hibernation, and torpor. A new equation for marsupial longevity is
      presented. The first evidence of age-dependent mortality in a population of
      hummingbirds is shown. Hummingbirds are seen to be model subjects for the study
      of longevity in nature.

PMID- 4065260
TI  - Age-related differences in response to acute cold challenge (-10 degrees C) in
      male F344 rats.
AB  - Male F344 rats, 3, 12, and 24 months of age, were acclimated to either 5 degrees
      C (CA) or 23 degrees C (non-CA). At the end of acclimation, all CA rats exhibited
      higher basal oxygen uptake than the non-CA when measured at 28 degrees C. When
      challenged by a 3-hour exposure to -10 degrees C, significant difference in
      tolerance to cold was observed not only between the CA and non-CA rats but among
      the different age groups. The 3-month-olds tolerated cold better than 12-month
      olds, and the 12-month-olds did better than the 24-month-olds. The ranking order
      for cold tolerance in -10 degrees C was: 3-month CA greater than 12-month CA
      greater than 3-month non-CA = 12-month non-CA = 24-month CA greater than 24-month
      non-CA. Total 3-hour O2 uptake decreased progressively with advancing age. Heat
      productions were doubled in -10 degrees C in all age groups, and all CA rats had
      higher heat production than non-CAs. The increase of heat production in -10
      degrees C was insufficient to maintain body temperature in all animals. All
      animals had loss of body heat content, the loss becoming greater with advancing
      age. Non-CA rats had greater loss of heat content or faster decline of colonic
      temperature than the CAs. Significant strain-related difference in cold tolerance
      was noted between the F344 and Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats, because 24-month-old
      non-CA male F344 rats still exhibited a better tolerance to -10 degrees C than 3
      month-old CA S-D rats.

PMID- 4065261
TI  - Some characteristics of the human erythrocyte as a function of donor and cell
      age.
AB  - Erythrocytes from healthy human donors of various ages (18-93 years) were
      separated on Percoll into four density fractions. Increased cell density has been
      reported to correlate with the age of the erythrocyte. Aged individuals, while
      having normal hematocrits, show an increased percentage of low-density young
      erythrocytes and almost twice as many reticulocytes in their circulation as do
      young adults. This evidence for increased, well-compensated, red cell turnover in
      elderly humans is supported by the finding in older individuals of increased
      levels of erythrocytes bearing autologous IgG on their membranes. Using
      fluorescent anti-IgG, erythrocytes with bound autologous IgG could be found in
      all density fractions from donors of all age groups. The old donors had an
      increased number of fluorescent cells that appeared in all density fractions
      albeit with a definite skewing toward the more dense cell fractions. Erythrocytes
      from young donors had higher levels of intact hemoglobin per cell than those from
      old donors. The relevance of these results to the aging process and the ability
      of senescing individuals to withstand hematologic stress are discussed.

PMID- 4065262
TI  - Heterogeneity of buoyant density and proliferative state of circulating
      erythropoietic progenitor cells (BFU-E) in man.
AB  - Normal human blood BFU-E are believed to be in a quiescent state with respect to
      DNA synthesis, since few or none of these progenitors can be killed by cycle
      active agents. Using Percoll discontinuous density gradient centrifugation of
      normal human blood mononuclear cells, we have separated two subpopulations of BFU
      E with different proportions in DNA synthesis. Mononuclear cells were obtained
      with Ficoll-Isopaque from 24 samples of normal blood. BFU-E were assayed with the
      methylcellulose technique, and their proliferative state was studied with the
      hydroxyurea (HU) suicide method. The results obtained with a five-step gradient
      of density range 1.060-1.068 g/ml showed that the vast majority of BFU-E were
      distributed approximately equally between pooled fractions with rho = 1.060 +
      1.062 g/ml and those with rho = 1.064 + 1.066 g/ml. Among nonseparated cells or
      cells in the fraction of rho = 1.060 + 1.062 g/ml, we failed to detect a
      significant proportion of DNA-synthesizing BFU-E in the great majority of
      samples. In contrast, in the pooled fractions with rho = 1.064 + 1.066 g/ml, 14
      of 24 samples showed significant kill, and among these 14, a highly significant
      proportion of BFU-E were killed by HU (39.3% +/- 3.4%). Therefore, the separation
      of mononuclear cells on the basis of their different buoyant densities revealed
      the presence of DNA-synthesizing BFU-E in normal human blood. Either DNA
      synthesizing BFU-E have a higher buoyant density than non-DNA-synthesizing BFU-E,
      or else cells of lower buoyant density normally inhibit DNA synthesis in BFU-E.

PMID- 4065263
TI  - Differentiation of mixed colony-forming cells in normal human bone marrow and
      blood.
AB  - In blood and marrow samples from ten normal adults, mixed colonies were found in
      agar cultures at concentrations of 4.1 +/- 3.4/10(5) mononuclear bone marrow
      cells, and of 4.7 +/- 4/5 X 10(5) mononuclear blood cells. Reseeding of five- to
      seven-day clusters of immature cells in fresh medium with 5% PHA leukocyte
      conditioned medium (PHA-LCM) and 2 U erythropoietin (Epo) showed that 10(5)
      mononuclear cells contained as many as 42 +/- 12 CFU-mix in bone marrow and 12 +/
      7 CFU-mix in blood, i.e., ten times more than in the primary cultures. Attempts
      were made to discover why these potentially mixed colonies failed to develop in
      primary cultures. For this purpose five- to seven-day clusters of immature cells
      from cultures of 5 X 10(4) bone marrow cells grown with PHA-LCM, Epo, or both
      were reseeded in medium containing one or both stimulants. The presence of both
      in secondary culture gave the best CFU-mix growth, whatever the primary
      stimulation, i.e., more than one-third of the immature clusters gave rise to
      colonies of red cells and granulocyte lineages. The addition of one or both
      stimulants between days 7 and 14 of primary culture, however, did not increase
      the number of mixed colonies or give rise to late developing ones. Reseeding of
      colonies and clusters of 14-day primary cultures showed that at least one-third
      of erythroid bursts or of late-developing granulocyte colonies contained CFU-mix,
      but that less than 10% of 14-day clusters developed into mixed colonies. Cultures
      of nonadherent cells, mononuclear cells of less than 1.065/g density or with a
      velocity sedimentation rate of less than 6 mm/h gave the same results as the
      culture of total mononuclear cells; i.e., at least ten times more multipotent
      progenitors were found by reseeding after five to seven days than in primary
      cultures. We conclude that in human bone marrow and blood the physical and
      kinetic properties of pluripotent stem cells are similar to those of 14-day
      erythroid bursts and GM colonies. Under normal culture conditions, most of these
      cell types differentiate into one cell lineage only, and plurilineage
      differentiation is inhibited.

PMID- 4065264
TI  - Enrichment of murine hemopoietic clonogenic cells by multivariate analyses and
      sorting.
AB  - Multivariate analyses, dual beam flow cytometry and sorting, and list mode data
      processing were used to distinguish and enrich committed and pluripotent stem
      cells in mouse bone marrow. These cells were discriminated on the basis of their
      forward angle and perpendicular light scatter characteristics and their Hoechst
      33342 fluorescence intensity. Myeloid committed progenitors (CFU-GM) and spleen
      colony-forming units (CFU-S) (day 9 and day 13) were enriched 100-fold by sorting
      on the basis of high forward angle light scatter, intermediate perpendicular
      light scatter, and very low HO fluorescence intensity. Approximately 10% of the
      sorted cells formed colonies in the CFU-GM assay and 2% formed CFU-S colonies.
      Morphologic analysis of the sorted subpopulation revealed 92% blast immature cell
      types. The DNA distribution of the sorted subpopulation, assessed by propidium
      iodide staining, indicated that 98% of the progenitor-enriched subpopulations
      contained 2N DNA content. This separation procedure offers a simple method to
      obtain preparations highly enriched in clonogenic cells in one pass through the
      cell sorter.

PMID- 4065265
TI  - Micropore filters for sterile filtration may leach toxic compounds affecting cell
      cultures (HL 60).
AB  - Reduction in HL-60 cell growth could be traced unexpectedly to sterile filtration
      procedures. To circumvent this problem, 11 available brands of micropore filters
      (five prepacked and six to be packed and autoclaved) were investigated with the
      aim of finding the least toxic product. Samples of 10 ml of RPMI 1640 medium with
      10% fetal calf serum added were filtered through four filters of each brand to
      detect even small amounts of leached toxic compounds. HL-60 cells were cultured
      in these filtered media for three days and the results compared with cultures
      using unfiltered medium. A large variation in growth inhibition was found between
      the filters investigated, ranging from 0% to about 90%. The growth inhibition was
      due to leaching of toxic compounds, as revealed by viability test, reseeding, and
      direct microscopy. Adsorption of essential proteins to the micropore filters was
      found for only one of the filters investigated in this study.

PMID- 4065266
TI  - Studies on differentiation of committed hemopoietic progenitor cells with
      monoclonal antibodies directed against myeloid differentiation antigens.
AB  - In the present study we evaluated the reactivity of monoclonal cytotoxic
      antibodies directed against myeloid differentiation antigens with hemopoietic
      precursor cells. VIM-D5 and VIM-2 inhibit the proliferation of clusters and
      colony formation after seven days of incubation. Day-14 CFU-GM are not affected
      by these antibodies. After complement-mediated cytolysis with VIM-2, the number
      of BFU-e was significantly reduced; however, this effect was largely abrogated by
      addition of leukocyte-conditioned medium to the cultures as an exogenous source
      of burst-promoting activity. Furthermore, the maturation of myeloid progenitor
      cells has been examined by delayed treatment with VIM-D5 and complement during
      the in vitro culture period. In these experiments a different maturation behavior
      of day-7 and day-14 CFU-GM was demonstrated. To study whether a cryptic
      carbohydrate structure is present on more immature CFU-GM, the effect of
      neuraminidase treatment of myeloid progenitor cells on reactivity with VIM-D5 was
      tested.

PMID- 4065267
TI  - The site and the mode of analgesic actions exerted by clonidine in monkeys.
AB  - We used intracerebral administration of clonidine in monkeys to map effective
      sites for analgesia. The jaw opening reflex elicited by tooth pulp stimulation
      was used for analgesia testing. We found that the most consistently effective
      sites for analgesia in monkeys are in at least three brain regions: the
      diencephalic periventricular gray, the dorsal raphe nuclei, and the
      periaqueductal gray. In addition, the analgesia induced by intracerebral
      administration of clonidine was effectively antagonized by pretreatment of
      animals with either naloxone (a narcotic antagonist) or yohimbine (an alpha
      adrenergic antagonist). These results suggest the existence of an opiate and an
      adrenergic antinociceptive mechanism in the diencephalic periventricular gray,
      the dorsal raphe nuclei, and the periaqueductal gray activated by clonidine in
      primates.

PMID- 4065268
TI  - Reflex responses of the human jaw-closing system depend on the locus of intraoral
      mechanical stimulation.
AB  - Innocuous mechanical stimuli were applied to eight sites on the tongue dorsum and
      palate while subjects used feedback to maintain a constant isometric biting
      force. Reflex responses of the jaw-closing system were measured as changes in
      force and in EMGs recorded from right and left masseter muscles. Stimulation at
      each of the eight sites produced reflex force and EMG responses in most subjects
      tested. The nature of the reflex responses strongly depended on the site of
      stimulation. Stimulation of the palate tended to produce suppression of ongoing
      EMG activity and decreases in background biting force. In contrast, stimulation
      of sites on the tongue posterior to the tip, most often resulted in excitatory
      EMG responses and increases in jaw-closing force. Unilateral, early excitatory
      responses were observed in the right masseter with stimulation of the right side
      of the tongue. The existence of spatially organized responses of the human jaw
      closing system to innocuous intraoral stimulation is not consistent with the view
      that these cutaneous reflexes are primarily of protective significance.

PMID- 4065269
TI  - Neural projections of the preoptic-suprachiasmatic region to the median eminence
      in the rat: a quantitative autoradiographic study.
AB  - The possibility of a preferential distribution of projections from the preoptic
      suprachiasmatic region (POA-Sch) to the median eminence in the male rat was
      studied using autoradiographic and computer procedures. A cocktail of [3H]leucine
      [3H]proline was injected into the POA-Sch. Animals were killed after either 1, 4,
      or 24 h of incorporation time (IT). The number of silver grains per 25-micron
      square was counted throughout the median eminence. Squares with silver grain
      densities at or above the 75 percentile of the population for any given IT group
      were labeled as "concentrating areas." The distribution of these concentrating
      areas in median eminence tissue was analyzed utilizing univariate procedures.
      Visual inspection of the distribution of silver grain densities in a rostrocaudal
      fashion indicated the likelihood of uneven distribution; however, these
      differences were not statistically significant. In the dorsoventral plane,
      results indicated that the highest silver grain density was at 50 to 75 micron
      from the floor of the 3rd ventricle. Such distribution was apparent both ipsi-
      and contralateral to the injection site, but was greater on the ipsilateral side.

PMID- 4065270
TI  - Interaction of norepinephrine and superior cervical ganglion input in the rat
      pineal body.
AB  - The effects of superior cervical ganglion stimulation and the local application
      of norepinephrine or its antagonist propranolol were studied in 18 pineal cells.
      In 61% of the pineal cells, stimulation elicited excitation; the same cells also
      responded by excitation to norepinephrine ejection. When stimulation and
      norepinephrine ejection were applied together, summation (of the excitation) was
      observed in these cells. Several cells that failed to respond to stimulation did
      respond to norepinephrine ejection, but with the opposite pattern, i.e., decrease
      of firing rates. Propranolol prevented the norepinephrine-induced excitation and
      inhibition, as well as the excitation produced by stimulation. We suggest that
      norepinephrine regulates pineal activity by two routes: activation of the
      sympathetic neuronal input and inhibition by way of the circulation.

PMID- 4065271
TI  - Prolonged postictal depression in amygdala-kindled rats by the adenosine analog,
      L-phenylisopropyladenosine.
AB  - Studies have shown that adenosine analogs may modulate kindled seizures. The
      present study demonstrated that systemic administration of the adenosine analog,
      L-phenylisopropyladenosine (L-PIA), substantially prolonged the postictal
      depression and decreased the frequency of spiking that follows amygdala-kindled
      seizures in rats. Fully kindled rats were administered L-PIA (0.1 to 2.0 mg/kg,
      i.p.) or saline 30 min before stimulation of the amygdala. Afterdischarge
      durations with L-PIA did not differ from those with saline, and behavioral
      seizures were only slightly decreased in severity with 2.0 mg/kg L-PIA. However,
      0.5 to 2.0 mg/kg L-PIA increased the duration of the postictal depression by more
      than 20 min and, at 2.0 mg/kg, L-PIA decreased the frequency of postictal
      spiking. Postictal administration of caffeine (32 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed the
      prolongation of the postictal depression induced by 1.0 mg/kg L-PIA. These
      effects did not seem to be mediated by peripheral actions of L-PIA (i.e., lowered
      blood pressure) as hydralazine, which decreases blood pressure through peripheral
      mechanisms, did not affect ictal or postictal events. These results indicate that
      adenosine may modulate neuronal excitability that follows kindled seizures.

PMID- 4065272
TI  - Response fields of the periodontal mechanosensitive units in the superior
      alveolar nerve of the cat.
AB  - Response properties of periodontal mechanoreceptor primary afferent fibers
      recorded from the superior alveolar nerve were studied in the cat. The left
      maxillary canine tooth was stimulated manually in 8 directions and/or in 24
      directions in the horizontal plane by a specially designed stimulator. The
      responses of 328 slowly adapting units observed were affected by the direction of
      stimulus. These units were classified into three groups according to the shape of
      the response field: a broad type (more than 180 degrees), a medium type (90
      degrees to 180 degrees), and a narrow type (less than 90 degrees). The groups
      contained 27 units (8.2%), 284 units (86.6%), and 17 units (5.2%), respectively,
      and the remaining 10 units (10.0%) were unclassified. The shape of each response
      field was little changed by changes in the stimulus intensity. Every response
      field investigated showed a unimodal distribution. These results were different
      from those of Mei et al. (1975) who reported that the response fields of units
      recorded from a Gasserian ganglion had generally consisted of two parts.

PMID- 4065273
TI  - Effect of electroconvulsive shock on the somatosensory evoked potential in the
      rat.
AB  - The effect of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on the cortical somatosensory evoked
      potential (SEP) was studied in 25 male rats. SEPs were recorded after stimulation
      of the contralateral forepaw. Animals were curarized and artificially ventilated
      but not anesthetized. The magnitude of the ECS was 80 mA for 600 ms which
      produced tonic-clonic convulsions lasting an average 54 s in noncurarized control
      animals. SEPs were recorded during the ictal period and then at intervals for 20
      min. ECS initially caused the total abolition of all components of the SEP
      implying a significant but transient effect on activity propagated in specific
      and also possibly diffuse somatosensory pathways. The reappearance of the SEP
      coincided with the cessation of convulsive movements and the return of the
      corneal reflex. The return of the waveform to near baseline condition
      corresponded to the regaining of the righting reflex at approximately 3 min in
      the control animals. The most persisting change in the SEP waveform was in the
      shape of the late high-amplitude component (N2) which may reflect activity in the
      reticular formation. Following ECS, N2 reappeared with a peak latency notably
      decreased (approximately 1 ms) in comparison with the mean baseline recording.
      There was also an attenuation in the amplitude of N2 which remained significantly
      depressed (at less than 50% of mean baseline amplitude) throughout the post-ECS
      recording period. The results are compared with the relatively few studies of the
      acute effects of ECS on evoked potentials in psychiatric patients and also with a
      neuroendocrine theory which argues that the principal site and mode of action of
      ECS lies in the diencephalon.

PMID- 4065274
TI  - Developmental abnormalities of medullary "respiratory centers" in sudden infant
      death syndrome.
AB  - Dendritic development and gliosis in the medullary magnocellular reticular
      nucleus and solitary and dorsal vagal nuclei of 15 cases with sudden infant death
      syndrome (SIDS) and 23 control subjects were compared using morphometric Golgi
      and immunohistochemical methods. Developmental delay of the normal diminution of
      dendritic spines was found in the magnocellular reticular nucleus and/or vagal
      nuclei of 50 to 80% of SIDS infants. Astrocytes reactive with antisera to glial
      fibrillary acidic protein also increased in those regions, although dendritic
      spine density was inconsistent with the presence of astrogliosis in 20 to 40% of
      the cases. This delayed neuronal maturation of dendritic spines suggests there
      are immature neural respiratory control mechanisms in SIDS.

PMID- 4065275
TI  - Increased dependence of superior colliculus metabolic activity on visual cortex
      after eye enucleation.
AB  - Metabolic activity, as previously shown by the 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose technique,
      is depressed in the superior colliculus after eye enucleation and recovers
      substantially by 30 days. To determine whether or not this recovery involves an
      increase in visual cortex control over superior colliculus metabolic activity,
      rats that had undergone either monocular or binocular enucleation 30 days earlier
      received visual cortex ablations. In the monocularly enucleated group, a
      bilateral visual cortex lesion produced greater depression in the recovered
      superior colliculus than in the opposite control colliculus, and increased the
      metabolic differences between the two colliculi compared with those of rats
      recovered from monocular enucleation but cortically intact. In the binocularly
      enucleated group a unilateral cortex lesion produced greater ipsilateral
      depression than did the same ablation in the otherwise intact rat. These findings
      led to the conclusion that the recovery in the superior colliculus that follows
      eye enucleation involved an increase in cortical control over metabolic activity.

PMID- 4065276
TI  - Effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on the contractile properties
      of reinnervated rat skeletal muscle.
AB  - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a common herbicide, was administered to
      rats (100 mg/kg, i.p.) during 24 days to determine whether or not it is toxic to
      regenerating peripheral nerve and reinnervating muscle. The peroneal nerve was
      crushed 1 cm proximal to the extensor digitorum longus muscle and recordings made
      in vivo after 1 to 24 days. Functional reinnervation was observed by day 10 and
      recovery was similar in rats receiving 2,4-D or vehicle. Distal motor latencies
      and muscle action potentials returned toward normal during the 24 days in a
      similar manner in 2,4-D and controls. Isometric twitch tensions per muscle weight
      on indirect stimulation returned to intact values by 17 days, but in the 2,4-D
      animals they became larger (P less than 0.01) than controls by day 24. The
      twitch:tetanus ratios were increased at day 10 and returned toward normal values
      in the controls but remained increased (P less than 0.01) in the 2,4-D animals at
      24 days. Similar results were obtained on direct muscle stimulation. The data
      suggest that 2,4-D is not toxic to nerve during regeneration or muscle
      reinnervation in the rat, but that it does affect both twitch and tetanus
      tensions suggesting proliferation as well as disruption of myofibrils.

PMID- 4065277
TI  - Superoxide dismutase activity in experimental focal cerebral ischemia.
AB  - The activity of the free radical scavenger, superoxide dismutase, was studied in
      focal cerebral ischemia produced in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) by
      occluding the right common and left external carotid arteries under halothane
      anesthesia. After recovery from anesthesia animals were classified according to
      their neurologic symptoms. Five animals exhibiting neurologic symptoms such as
      hemiparesis and rolling seizures were reanesthetized 120 min after vascular
      occlusion and their brains frozen in situ with liquid nitrogen. A series of 20
      micron-thick coronal sections was cut in a cryostat; pictorial representations of
      tissue pH, ATP, and glucose were obtained using fluorescent and bioluminescent
      techniques. Using a highly sensitive bioluminescent technique, Cu,Zn-superoxide
      dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) and Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activities were then
      measured in samples from both ischemic and nonischemic regions of the remaining
      tissue block. Cu,Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD activities were, respectively, 13.9 +/- 0.7 X
      10(3) units/g and 5.4 +/- 0.3 X 10(3) units/g in the nonischemic tissue, and 13.2
      +/- 0.6 X 10(3) units/g and 5.0 +/- 0.2 X 10(3) units/g within the ischemic
      tissue. Thus focal cerebral ischemia does not lead to a global decrease in SOD
      activity, as observed by others after heart and liver ischemia.

PMID- 4065278
TI  - Roles of the elements of the triphasic control signal.
AB  - In fast (time-optimal) movements about many joint systems, the triphasic EMG
      pattern has been observed. Although the first agonist burst obviously initiates
      the movement, the roles of the second and third bursts, appearing in the
      antagonist and agonist respectively, have been less clear. In this study, the
      timing of experimentally measured EMG signals led to construction of a three
      pulse control signal that produced an accurate simulation of experimentally
      measured time-optimal head rotations using a sixth-order nonlinear model in
      conjunction with an optimization algorithm. By ablating pulses from the model
      control signal and observing the resulting dynamics, the roles of the three
      pulses can be assessed. As a result, the pulses can be designated PA, the action
      pulse (for the first agonist burst), PB, the braking pulse (for the antagonist
      burst), and PC, the clamping pulse (for the second agonist burst). Comparison of
      dynamic parameters from the simulated movements revealed strategies used to
      generate control signals for movements of various speeds.

PMID- 4065279
TI  - Effect of "disuse" on mammalian fast-twitch muscle: joint fixation compared with
      neurally applied tetrodotoxin.
AB  - The effect of disuse on the functional properties of fast-twitch mammalian muscle
      is controversial, perhaps because the various disuse models reduce activity to
      different degrees, and may introduce factors other than reduced activity per se.
      Our goal was to compare the effects of 14 days of disuse produced by neurally
      applied tetrodotoxin and joint fixation (knee and ankle) on several morphologic
      and functional characteristics of the rat gastrocnemius. Joint fixation produced
      a decrease in muscle wet weight and absolute tetanic tension measured in situ,
      and a preferential atrophy of slow-twitch fibers. The degree of atrophy was more
      severe with TTX-disuse and affected all fiber types to the same extent. In
      further contrast to joint fixation, TTX-disuse caused a preferential loss of
      myofibrillar protein and a decrease in tetanic tension per unit muscle wet
      weight. In addition, TTX-disuse resulted in an elevation of twitch:tetanic ratio,
      a prolonged twitch, and generated a relatively higher proportion of tetanic force
      at 50 Hz. The normalized maximal rate of tetanic tension development (% Po/ms)
      was highest in the TTX group. The fatigue index was unaffected by either
      intervention. The data suggest that complete disuse of mammalian fast-twitch
      muscle causes atrophy, prolongation of the twitch, and a loss in contractile
      strength per gram of tissue, and are consistent with qualitative or quantitative
      changes in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and a decrease in myofibrillar protein
      concentration with disuse.

PMID- 4065281
TI  - Neural nature of the time-dependent factor(s) involved in motor reinnervation.
AB  - The influence of a time interval between nerve transection and reimplantation
      into a foreign muscle on the effectiveness of reinnervation was studied in the
      rat. We evaluated the weight loss and the maximal twitch and tetanic tensions
      developed by the reinnervated muscle upon nerve stimulation 60 days after
      reimplantation (i) of an acutely severed nerve onto an acutely denervated muscle;
      (ii) of a chronically (20 days) severed nerve onto an acutely denervated muscle,
      and (iii) of an acutely severed nerve onto a chronically denervated muscle. The
      best recovery was obtained when a chronically severed nerve was implanted into an
      acutely denervated muscle. We conclude that a neural time-dependent factor(s) is
      involved in motor reinnervation.

PMID- 4065280
TI  - Nerve regeneration through biodegradable polyester tubes.
AB  - One approach to repair of transected nerves is to attempt extrinsic guidance of
      axons across the gaps. We inserted the proximal and distal stumps of severed
      mouse sciatic nerves into opposite ends of biodegradable polyester tubes. The
      nerves and ensheathing tubes were examined after postoperative survival times of
      as long as 2 years. Myelinated fiber number in each successfully regenerated
      nerve was measured and correlated with the tube's residual lumen size. In
      selected regenerated nerves axonal sizes and myelin sheath widths were sampled
      and compared with control values. Swelling and deformation of tube walls occurred
      in nearly all tubes. Successful regeneration was obtained through more than half
      of the implants, and was more probable in tubes with larger initial lumens.
      Myelinated fiber number in regenerated nerves ranged from 231 to 3561 (normally
      3900 to 4200); larger values again were found in tubes with larger initial
      lumens. Mean axonal areas in regenerated nerves were roughly half of normal,
      though myelin sheaths became appropriately thick. We concluded that the more
      biodegradable a tube, the more likely it was to incur distortion and luminal
      narrowing. Tube composition per se seemed of importance mainly as it related to
      maintenance of adequate luminal size over the length of the degrading tubes;
      luminal adequacy, not tube composition, seemed paramount in determining the
      extent of nerve regeneration.

PMID- 4065283
TI  - Patterns of soleus muscle potentials to repetitive stimulation in young and aged
      rats.
AB  - Muscle potentials were recorded in the soleus muscle of Wistar rats anesthetized
      with urethane or Nembutal. The time course of their changes induced by repetitive
      stimulation of sciatic nerves at 5 Hz for 10 min was compared for young and aged
      rats. When stimulation commenced, muscle potentials from young rats were somewhat
      facilitated, followed by slight depression below control values, and thereafter
      they were gradually potentiated. On the contrary, muscle potentials from aged
      rats were rapidly reduced, attaining plateau levels 2 min or so after the onset
      of repetitive stimulation at 5 Hz.

PMID- 4065282
TI  - Malnutrition-induced changes of responses evoked in the rat prefrontal cortex as
      revealed by sensitivity to strychnine.
AB  - Susceptibility to strychnine of somatosensory responses evoked in the prefrontal
      cortex was studied in normal and protein-malnourished rats in three groups. (a)
      The normal group was from mothers fed a 21% casein diet. (b) The prenatally
      malnourished group was from mothers fed a 6% casein diet during 5 weeks prior to
      mating and throughout gestation. (c) The postnatally malnourished group born from
      dams fed a 6% casein diet throughout the nursing period. At 45 days of age,
      sensitivity of the responses to 0.5% strychnine sulfate solution was tested by
      measuring changes in peak-to-peak amplitude. The results showed that cortical
      neurons of the postnatally protein-restricted group had decreased susceptibility
      to strychnine, indicating functional disturbances of glycinergic synapses.

PMID- 4065284
TI  - An unusual nucleolar ring-like structure in axotomized hamster facial
      motoneurons.
AB  - Structures consisting of connecting rings surrounding a fibrillar core were
      observed within nucleoli of developing normal and axotomized hamster facial
      motoneurons. A few appeared in the nucleoplasm, attached to coiled bodies. Their
      peculiar structure and temporal association with neuronal maturation may reflect
      a transient state of ribosomal RNA transcription.

PMID- 4065285
TI  - Scaling factor relating conduction velocity and transverse axon profile for
      nonmyelinated alimentary nerves.
AB  - The transverse area of nonmyelinated axonal profiles was measured in alimentary
      nerves of sheep and rabbits and compared with areas calculated from direct
      measurements of axon profiles taken from the same nerves. We concluded that the
      length of the minor axis of nonmyelinated profiles is not a suitable measurement
      for the calculation of transverse area or average diameter in nonmyelinated axons
      without the use of appropriate correction factors. Hence the scaling factor
      relating conduction velocity and transverse axon profile calculated from the
      average derived diameter is different (1.49 to 1.62) from that using the minor
      axis alone (0.89 to 1.26).

PMID- 4065286
TI  - The liver, salivary glands, and exocrine pancreas of laboratory animals.
      International Symposium and Histopathology Seminar. Nara City, Japan, March 27
      30, 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4065287
TI  - Prevention of lactate production and myocyte injury in isolated rat hearts
      perfused with perfluorochemical emulsion.
AB  - The ability of an oxygenated perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsion to prevent early
      signs of myocardial cell stress associated with Krebs-Henseleit (KH) perfusion
      was evaluated in isolated rat hearts supported in a Langendorff apparatus.
      Throughout the two-hour perfusion, hearts in both perfusion groups had similar
      left ventricular pressure and rates of left ventricular pressure development
      (dP/dt). After 2 h, coronary perfusate flow was 6.6 +/- 1.0 ml/min in the KH
      group and 2.2 +/- 0.1 ml/min in the PFC group. Oxygen content was 1.5 +/- 0.1
      ml/100 ml and 3.4 +/- 0.1 ml/100 ml, in KH and PFC groups, respectively.
      Perfusate lactate levels rose from zero to 24.0 +/- 8.0 microgram/ml in the KH
      group and to 10.0 +/- 3.0 micrograms/ml in the PFC group. Reduction in myocardial
      cell injury and in total calcium content was also observed in hearts perfused
      with PFC emulsion. At the electron microscopic level, mitochondrial structure was
      preserved in both normal and injured myocytes of hearts perfused with PFC. We
      conclude that early signs of anaerobic metabolism are retarded by perfusion with
      PFC emulsions and that ventricular contractile performance is maintained at
      approximately one-half coronary perfusate flow in the PFC hearts. The mechanism
      whereby coronary flow is regulated downward in the PFC perfused hearts remains
      unanswered.

PMID- 4065288
TI  - The ultrastructure of the liver in acute experimental pancreatitis in dogs.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the liver in acute experimental pancreatitis (AEP) in 18
      dogs in three groups was investigated after 6, 12 and 24 h of the pathological
      process. AEP was induced by injection of an incubated mixture of bile and trypsin
      into the pancreatic duct. Swelling of mitochondria, depletion of glycogen,
      formation of autophagosomes more pronounced in later stages of AEP were evident.
      Complete destruction of some hepatocytes after 24 h was observed. Dilatation of
      Disse's spaces, activation of Kupffer cells and degranulation of mastocytes
      especially after 24 h were stated. Ultrastructural changes in the liver were
      present in 100% of the material. The severity of liver pathology was parallel to
      the intensity of pancreatic necrosis. The crucial stage of the damage to the
      liver during AEP seems to be the impairment of mitochondria.

PMID- 4065289
TI  - Long-term application of some catecholamines elevates levels of other
      catecholamines in rats.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated during 20 h with subcutaneously implanted
      tablets (controlled release systems) containing either adrenaline (A),
      noradrenaline (NA), isoprenaline (ISO) or just placebos. Levels of the
      exogenously administered catecholamines (CA) in plasma and liver homogenate were
      significantly higher than in controls throughout the test time. During NA
      application endogeneous A and dopamine (DA) plasma values rose considerably,
      while ISO application enhanced endogenous NA and A levels. Adrenaline application
      increased NA and DA plasma levels. Several possibilities for this phenomenon are
      discussed, and it is concluded that previous papers dealing with observations of
      long term action of CA's should be reevaluated unless the influence of the
      artificially given CA on the elevation of endogenous CA's has been already taken
      into consideration.

PMID- 4065290
TI  - Moderate cooling depresses the accumulation and the release of newly synthesized
      catecholamines in isolated canine saphenous veins.
AB  - Moderate cooling (from 37 degrees to 24 degrees C) depressed the formation of 3H
      dopamine and 3H-norepinephrine from 3H-tyrosine by isolated canine saphenous
      veins. Cooling reduced the evoked release of newly synthesized catecholamine to
      the same extent as that of stored norepinephrine. Hence the augmentation by cold
      of the contractile response to sympathetic nerve stimulation observed in earlier
      work is not accompanied by an augmented release of newly synthesized
      norepinephrine.

PMID- 4065292
TI  - Some species differences in cardiovascular responses to intravenously injected
      leucine-enkephalin.
AB  - Studies were conducted to determine the cardiovascular responses to leucine
      enkephalin (L-enk) in three different species of animals; rabbit, dog and monkey.
      All animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium after sedation with
      ketamine. Mean blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR) were simultaneously
      monitored. The pressor and HR responses to bilateral carotid occlusion (BCO) were
      determined before injection of L-enk. Increased MBP and HR due to BCO in monkey
      were significantly greater than in the other two animal groups. Following i.v.
      injection of L-enk (5-30 micrograms/kg), a significant fall in MBP occurred in
      all groups in a dose-dependent manner; however, the time course of changes in MBP
      in rabbits was significantly shorter than that in the other animal groups.
      Significant decreases in HR after the injection of L-enk occurred in rabbits and
      dogs, whereas increases in HR occurred in monkeys. These results show that some
      cardiovascular responses to L-enk may be species dependent. These different
      cardiovascular responses to L-enk may be at least partly related to species
      differences in baroreceptor reflex sensitivity.

PMID- 4065291
TI  - Use of glyoxylic acid in the demonstration of autonomic nerve profiles.
AB  - 2% glyoxylic acid buffered to pH 7 could be used to improve the localization of
      cholinergic, adrenergic and nonspecific nerve profiles both in frozen sections
      and stretch preparations. The results are better than those obtained by
      conventional techniques, exhibiting the distinct reactions, with the least
      possible background and diffusion. The results are quickly obtained.

PMID- 4065293
TI  - Effect of nerve stimulation on rat skeletal muscle. A study of plasma membrane.
AB  - The gastrocnemius muscle of the rat showed no morphological, histometric or
      plasma membrane changes, after sciatic nerve stimulation with a 5mA current for
      30 to 60 min, 10 mA for 30 min and 15 mA for 5 min. However, 10 mA for 60 and 200
      min gave rise to mitochondrial and plasma membrane abnormalities. These changes
      were absent after a rest period. The results indicated that the sciatic nerve
      stimulation at 10 mA for 60 and 200 min caused reversible changes in the rat
      skeletal muscle mitochondria and plasma membrane.

PMID- 4065294
TI  - The effect of exercise on protein turnover in isolated soleus and extensor
      digitorum longus muscles.
AB  - The rate of protein degradation was found to be increased in isolated soleus and
      extensor digitorum muscles of 60-80 g rats after exercise consisting of running
      for 120 min. These findings support the hypothesis that exercise causes an
      increase in skeletal muscle protein degradation, and that both red and white
      muscles are affected similarly.

PMID- 4065295
TI  - Comparison of the effects of different isomers of bicuculline infused in the
      preoptic area on male rat sexual behavior.
AB  - Intracerebral infusion of (+) bicuculline methiodide, but not of its (-) isomer,
      in the preoptic area, stimulated masculine sexual behavior in rat as evidenced by
      a decrease in the number of intromissions preceding ejaculation and a shortening
      of the ejaculation latency and postejaculatory interval. Data suggest a role of
      the GABAergic system in mediating masculine sexual behavior.

PMID- 4065296
TI  - 3[H]-Sulpiride labels mesolimbic non-dopaminergic sites that bind antidepressant
      drugs.
AB  - 3[H]-(-)-Sulpiride and 3[H]-spiperone binding was compared in rat amygdala,
      nucleus accumbens and striatum, using (+/-)-sulpiride to define specific binding.
      3[H]-(-)-Sulpiride bound to twice as many sites in amygdala and nucleus accumbens
      as 3[H]-spiperone. 3[H]-(-)-Sulpiride binding was directed to these additional
      sites by using 1 microM spiperone to mask dopaminergic binding. The binding of
      3[H]-(-)-sulpiride to these sites was high affinity, reversible, Na+-dependent,
      but not stereospecific. Metoclopramide, tiapride and antidepressant medications,
      but not other neuroleptics, ADTN, or serotonin displaced 3[H]-(-)-sulpiride
      binding to these sites. These data suggest that 3[H]-(-)-sulpiride labels
      mesolimbic sites other than dopamine receptors which may mediate antidepressant
      effects.

PMID- 4065297
TI  - Lowering of liver acetaldehyde but not ethanol concentrations by pretreatment
      with taurine in ethanol-loaded rats.
AB  - A rise in blood and liver acetaldehyde concentrations following ethanol loading
      (1.5 g/kg b.wt) was significantly reduced when rats were pretreated orally with
      taurine (0.5 g/kg), a potent in vitro activator of yeast aldehyde dehydrogenase.
      This taurine pretreatment produced a 4-fold increase in liver taurine content.

PMID- 4065298
TI  - Interaction between the effects of centrally administered arecoline and leucocyte
      pyrogen on the activity of posterior hypothalamic neurons in the rabbit.
AB  - In experiments with urethane-anesthetized rabbits, the alteration in the activity
      of posterior hypothalamic neurons resulting from intracerebroventricular
      injection of leucocyte pyrogen was attenuated by subsequent administration of
      arecoline. Atropine failed to alter the neuronal response to leucocyte pyrogen
      but abolished the effect of arecoline. The neuronal response to arecoline was
      reversed in the absence of leucocyte pyrogen.

PMID- 4065299
TI  - Arousal deficit shown in aged rat's quantitative EEG and ameliorative action of
      pramiracetam compared to piracetam.
AB  - The basal EEG profile of the aged Fisher-344 rat was consistently different from
      that of the young rat, showing dominant high voltage slow-wave components. These
      slow waves were present in both the frontal cerebral cortex and dorsal
      hippocampus. Absent or greatly attenuated in the aged rat's hippocampal EEG was
      rhythmic theta activity, which was always dominant in the young awake rat's
      hippocampus. These EEG differences were clearly apparent only under basal test
      conditions, i.e., following habituation to the test situation. Pramiracetam
      sulfate acted strongly to normalize the aged rat's EEG, while the action of
      piracetam was weak and appeared to undergo tolerance development.

PMID- 4065300
TI  - Organophosphate-mediated inhibition of choline acetyltransferase activity in rat
      brain tissue.
AB  - Administration of the organophosphate compound soman in rats resulted in an
      inhibition of choline acetyltransferase activity in almost all brain regions
      examined. Enzyme activity was inhibited by 20-50% in various brain regions 30 min
      after soman injection (94-120 micrograms/kg). Enzyme activity in two regions
      decreased with time to a near zero level by 3 h after injection.

PMID- 4065301
TI  - Somatic growth in hypophysectomized pituitary-homografted rats is promoted by
      prolactin.
AB  - Hypophysectomized male rats bearing a homograft of two adenopituitaries under the
      kidney capsule showed a significant increase in b.wt as compared to
      hypophysectomized non-homografted animals. Radioimmunoassay of growth hormone
      (GH), ACTH, alpha-MSH, beta-endorphin and prolactin (PRL) revealed that only the
      latter was highly increased in the plasma of hypophysectomized homografted rats.
      These animals showed also increased levels of plasma corticosterone. However,
      daily injection of corticosterone failed to promote somatic growth in
      hypophysectomized non-homografted rats. These results suggest that PRL, and not
      other hormonal factors, promotes somatic growth in hypophysectomized homografted
      rats, and stress the concept that only PRL is secreted in significant amounts by
      pituitary homografts.

PMID- 4065302
TI  - Antidiuretic effects of oxytocin in the Brattleboro rat.
AB  - The antidiuretic activity of oxytocin (OT) was measured in Brattleboro rats with
      congenital diabetes insipidus. A dose dependent antidiuretic response was found
      in animals receiving chronic infusions of 0.1 micrograms/h, 1.0 micrograms/h, and
      5 micrograms/h of OT. OT infused at the rate of 5 micrograms/h over a 7-day
      period completely reversed the symptoms of diabetes insipidus. The results
      support the concept that OT serves as a weak agonist of vasopressin at the level
      of the kidney and at pharmacological levels exhibits antidiuretic activity.

PMID- 4065303
TI  - Antagonistic effect of progesterone towards estradiol dipropionate-induced
      changes in glycogen content in uterus and vagina of P-mice.
AB  - Estradiol dipropionate induces an increase (3-fold) in the uterine glycogen
      content and a decrease (4-fold) in the vaginal glycogen content of Parkes (P)
      mice. Progesterone antagonizes this estradiol dipropionate-induced response in
      both the uterine and vaginal tissue. The degree of this antagonism is more
      pronounced in the uterus than in the vagina.

PMID- 4065304
TI  - Granulocyte adhesion to nephritic glomeruli through recognition of activated C4
      and C3 in immune deposits.
AB  - Sections of rat kidney with bovine serum albumin nephritis were incubated either
      with a single component of complement or with several components in sequence and
      then reacted with granulocytes. The average number of granulocytes bound to a
      nephritic glomerulus was elevated in sections incubated with C4 or C3 and
      increases were most significant when C14, C142 or C1423 were incubated.

PMID- 4065305
TI  - Quantitative cytophotometric analyses of mesenteric mast cell granulation in
      acute soman intoxicated rats.
AB  - Effects of the organophosphate neurotoxin soman on rat mesenteric mast cell
      granule content were determined using scanning-integrating microdensitometric
      analysis of individual cell metachromasia. Mast cell degranulation was evidenced
      both with sublethal (0.5 LD50) and lethal (1.5 LD50) dosages and as early as 3-10
      min post-injection. These data indicate a possible contribution of mast cell
      autacoids in the genesis of organophosphate-induced respiratory and circulatory
      collapse.

PMID- 4065306
TI  - Object retrieval preferences of Norway rats: an evolutionary generalization of
      behavior.
AB  - Prior studies have shown that object retrieval (including food hoarding) by
      domestic rats can occur in the context of different motivations. The present
      experiments show that retrieval preferences related to two motivational systems,
      feeding and gnawing, are ordered by object features related to either or both
      systems. Object retrieval in this species is apparently guided by a generalized
      value system. The capacity to order alternatives across specific motivational
      systems has evident selective advantage and may reflect a general adaptive
      principle.

PMID- 4065307
TI  - Investigations on the ocular pharmacokinetics of bendazac in rabbits.
AB  - The ocular pharmacokinetics of bendazac were studied in rabbits, following
      intravenous administration of bendazac lysine. The compound and its 5
      hydroxyderivative were determined in different eye compartments and plasma by
      radioassay, using [14C]bendazac, and HPLC. The highest concentrations were found
      in the iris and in descending order in the ciliary body, retina, cornea, tears,
      aqueous humor, vitreous, and lens. The time course of concentrations in the
      plasma, aqueous and vitreous humor, ciliary body, and retina showed kinetics
      described by the exponential equation y = aebx with a half-life of 2.47, 4.56,
      3.59, and 3.22 hr, respectively; in the lens the half-life was 17.77 hr.

PMID- 4065308
TI  - A possible mechanism in arterial wall for mediation of sex difference in
      atherosclerosis.
AB  - Female rabbits on an atherogenic diet were treated with cottonseed oil (control),
      tamoxifen, testosterone, or progesterone. After 10 weeks the rabbits were killed,
      the aortas quickly removed, graded for atherosclerosis, and incubated with
      [14C]proline to determine collagen and elastin synthesis. Rabbits treated with
      testosterone and progesterone had the greatest degree of atherosclerosis, the
      highest DPM in hydroxyproline of collagen and elastin, and the greatest
      accumulation of collagen and elastin in the aorta. Tamoxifen-treated rabbits had
      less incorporation of radioactivity. In separate experiments aortas of similarly
      treated rabbits were analyzed for estradiol and progesterone receptor density.
      These receptors were found to be present, and progesterone and testosterone
      administration caused a translocation of progesterone receptors from cytosol to
      nucleus. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that sex hormones can affect
      the development of atherosclerosis through a direct effect of the hormones on
      arterial wall to alter collagen and elastin synthesis, the effect being mediated
      through hormone receptors in the wall.

PMID- 4065309
TI  - Effect of aging on human aortic protein composition. II. Two-dimensional
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis.
AB  - Arterial intima proteins were extracted by 9 M urea from matching histologically
      atheroma-free areas of 27 human thoracic aortas of both sexes from younger (15
      34) and older (35-82) age groups and studied after separation by high-resolution
      two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Seventeen specific protein
      groups on each gel were identified according to their relative charges and
      molecular weights and their distribution in the two age groups compared. Some
      plasma-derived proteins occurred rarely in young aortas while they were
      consistently found in those from older cases, i.e., protein group 4 (alpha 1
      antichymotrypsin) 1/13 (8%) vs 12/14 (86%), group 7 (haptoglobin beta-chain) 1/13
      (8%) vs 13/14 (93%) and groups 6 and 9 (IgG chains) 3/13 (23%) vs 9/14 (64%),
      respectively. Other plasma-derived proteins such as group 3 (albumin) and 5
      (alpha 1-antitrypsin) were identified in all samples of both age groups but their
      expression in the aortic intima increased with age. Proteins which are typically
      found intracellularly such as those from groups 11 (actin), 12 (cytoskeleton
      proteins), and 13 (tropomyosin-like proteins) appeared in samples of intima of
      both age groups but were less apparent in older specimens. These studies suggest
      that the changes in aortic intima protein distribution in the absence of
      atherosclerosis closely correlate with histological changes such as intimal
      thickening often found with aging, providing new sensitive markers of vascular
      senescence.

PMID- 4065310
TI  - Morphometric changes of the lung induced by inhaled bacterial endotoxin.
AB  - Due to the ubiquitous nature of airborne endotoxin, an understanding of pulmonary
      alterations which follow inhalation of environmentally realistic concentrations
      of purified bacteria derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is important. Using LPS
      derived from Enterobacter agglomerans, a bacterium found in cotton and cotton
      mill dust, aqueous aerosols (effective LPS concentration 4 micrograms/m3) were
      generated and used to expose either normal hamsters (N = 6) or those rendered
      endotoxin tolerant by pre-ip injection of 0.1 LD50 LPS. Control groups (normal--N
      = 6; tolerant--N = 6) received saline aerosol only. At 6 hr after 5-hr aerosol
      exposure, lungs of all animals were fixed, processed for light and transmission
      electron microscopy, and subject to qualitative and to multitiered morphometric
      analysis using standard point counting techniques. Qualitative evaluation of TEM
      micrographs from LPS aerosolized-nontolerant hamsters showed endothelial
      alteration (focal disruption, subendothelial space formation, and cytoplasmic
      blebbing) but volume and number of endothelial cells were not changed indicating
      only slight, focal endothelial damage. Quantitatively, septal capillary blood
      space in nontolerant, LPS aerosolized hamsters showed increased Vv of PMNs and
      platelets. These changes were not seen in tolerant induced-LPS aerosolized
      hamsters. Independent of tolerization treatment, LPS inhalation led to a decrease
      in fixed lung volume and an increase in numerical density of endothelial
      pinocytotic vesicles. It is concluded that the inhalation of realistic,
      environmental levels of bacterial endotoxin may induce significant changes in
      distal lung and may be important in the pathogenesis of byssinosis and adult
      respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 4065311
TI  - A quantitative study of stage-specific spermatocyte damage following
      administration of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether in the rat.
AB  - A quantitative study has been carried out to characterize the stage
      susceptibility of the spermatocyte to ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGM)
      toxicity. EGM was administered as a single oral dose of 250 mg/kg body wt and
      rats were examined at time periods after dosing. The number of spermatocytes and
      round spermatids in tubules at each stage of spermatogenesis was counted. A sharp
      transition in susceptibility was observed between zygotene spermatocytes in stage
      XIV which showed no effect and pachytene spermatocytes in stage I which showed
      death or depletion of 70% of its population after 1 day. A similar transition was
      seen between dividing spermatocytes and step 1 spermatids, the latter being
      unaffected. There was a gradual reduction in susceptibility toward midpachytene
      such that cells in stages VII-XI showed no effect. Analysis of later time periods
      revealed no effect on spermatogonia or prepachytene spermatocytes but did
      indicate that midpachytene spermatocytes underwent delayed cell death after
      further progression through the cycle. In a separate sequential morphological
      study of early changes, the earliest signs of necrosis were seen 12 hr after
      dosing and were restricted to spermatocytes in stages V, XI, and XII. Cell death
      then progressed in a wave-like manner through stages XIII and XIV finally
      reaching stage I, 24 hr after dosing.

PMID- 4065312
TI  - Ultrastructural and elemental analysis of calcification of advanced swine aortic
      atherosclerosis.
AB  - During progression and in the early phase on a regression regimen, calcification
      of the necrotic portion of the atheroma of swine abdominal aorta occurred
      primarily in degenerated cells or in membranous, vesicular cellular degradation
      products which varied in size, shape, and the amount of mineral deposit. Calcium
      appeared to be deposited in amorphous granular or needle-like crystalline forms.
      Energy dispersive X-ray and line profile analysis showed that the major elements
      in the heavily calcified portions of the plaques were calcium and phosphorus.
      There was a direct relationship between the distribution and concentration of
      these elements indicating that the mineral deposit was a calcium phosphate.
      Select area electron diffraction analysis of grossly calcified portions of the
      plaque gave a diffraction pattern identical to that of calcium hydroxyapatite.
      Calcification was not observed to occur on elastic tissue or collagen fibers.

PMID- 4065313
TI  - Therapeutic effects of disulfiram in spinal cord contusion of rabbits.
AB  - The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate methods to prevent the
      development of the immediate and delayed tissue damage in the injured spinal cord
      by early drug (disulfiram) interference with the molecular mechanism of tissue
      injury. The edematous inflammation as well as change in the levels and
      distribution of metallic ions like calcium following spinal cord contusion is
      known to contribute to the destructive process. A contusion model was applied in
      the spinal cord of rabbits using a pneumatic impactor. The effect of the
      systemically administered drug, disulfiram, in the traumatized spinal cord was
      determined by assaying the tissue water and Ca2+ contents at different locations
      of the spinal cord. A significant increase in the levels of the assayed
      parameters at the injured site of the spinal cord is markedly reduced by the
      pretreatment with disulfiram.

PMID- 4065314
TI  - Protective effect of tryptophan and cysteine against carbon tetrachloride-induced
      liver injury.
AB  - The effects of the administration of tryptophan and/or cysteine on carbon
      tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury were investigated. Rats received CCl4
      (1 ml/kg ip) followed 6 hr later by tryptophan (300 mg/kg) and/or cysteine (950
      mg/kg) via stomach tube and rats were killed after 24 hr. Treatment with
      tryptophan, cysteine, or both reduced the degree of hepatic necrosis observed
      histologically. While CCl4 caused polyribosomal disaggregation and decreased
      [14C]leucine incorporation into liver proteins in vitro and in vivo, treatment
      with tryptophan, cysteine, or both caused a shift in polyribosomes toward heavier
      aggregation and protein synthesis was increased. Serum activities of lactic
      dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate
      transaminase, and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase were markedly increased after
      CCl4 alone but after subsequent treatment with cysteine or with tryptophan and
      cysteine appreciable decreases occurred. Glutathione concentration decreased but
      total amount remained constant in the livers of CCl4-treated rats while
      subsequent treatment with cysteine alone or together with tryptophan elevated
      both levels of glutathione. Using isolated hepatocytes, CCl4 caused decreases in
      cell viability, in release of LDH, and in [14C]leucine incorporation into
      protein. Treatment with CCl4 and tryptophan and/or cysteine revealed that
      cysteine alone or with tryptophan improved cell viability and decreased LDH
      release of the cells, while tryptophan alone or with cysteine improved protein
      synthesis. Upon cytologic evaluation, the isolated hepatocytes revealed membrane
      distortions after CCl4 alone but these were less marked after CCl4 plus
      tryptophan, cysteine, or both (most improvement). Thus, tryptophan and cysteine
      act in a beneficial manner against CCl4-induced hepatic injury in the rat.

PMID- 4065315
TI  - The duration of the pulmonary paraquat toxicity--enhancement effect of O2 in the
      rat.
AB  - The duration of the pulmonary paraquat toxicity-enhancement effect of O2 has been
      examined in Wistar rats. In one experiment, various groups of normal animals were
      given a single dose (5 mg/kg body wt) of paraquat and after different periods
      were exposed to continuous breathing of normobaric 74% O2 in airtight chambers
      until dead or up to 10 days. In a reverse experiment, a large number of rats were
      first exposed for 6 days to continuous breathing of normobaric 74% O2 and were
      then separated into various groups which received a single dose of paraquat (5
      mg/kg body wt) after various periods of breathing normal air, ranging from 0 to
      96 hr. The extent of pulmonary damage in both experiments was evaluated by
      histologic examination and by biochemical determination of total collagen content
      of the lungs. It was found that the duration of the pulmonary damage induced by
      paraquat that is enhanced by continuous breathing of high O2 concentration lasts
      24 to 48 hr. It was also observed that 12 to 24 hr after paraquat administration
      and continuous breathing of high O2 concentration pulmonary lesions are severe
      and extensive, and in animals surviving 6 or more days there was also incipient
      interstitial fibrosis. The reverse sequence of treatment (O2 + paraquat) resulted
      in no mortality and no pulmonary lesions. Additional controls treated with each
      of the pulmonary toxins alone also revealed no lung changes.

PMID- 4065316
TI  - Effects of lead on the heme biosynthetic pathway in rat kidney.
AB  - Exposure of rats to lead in drinking water at concentrations of 500 ppm and 1000
      ppm for 3 and 6 months resulted in elevated blood lead levels, formation of
      kidney intranuclear inclusion bodies, and increased urinary excretion of
      uroporphyrin and coproporphyrin. The erythrocytic Zn-protoporphyrin was increased
      in the highest dose group. No significant effects on body weight gain or kidney
      weight were observed. Renal activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase
      (ALAS) was not significantly affected by lead treatment. The renal activity of
      delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase (ALAD) was moderately increased and
      ferrochelatase activity was significantly decreased. The relatively small effects
      of chronic lead exposure on renal heme biosynthesis suggests that intracellular
      complexation of lead with high-affinity renal lead binding proteins (PbBP) and
      formation of intranuclear inclusions in proximal tubule cells protects this
      highly sensitive pathway in kidney from lead inhibition in vivo. These data also
      suggest that the observed increases in urinary porphyrin excretion are primarily
      due to lead effects on the erythropoietic system.

PMID- 4065317
TI  - [Effects of hexaprazole on digestive system parameters in various animal species:
      in vivo studies].

PMID- 4065318
TI  - [Effects of hexaprazole on digestive system parameters in various animal species:
      in vitro studies].

PMID- 4065319
TI  - A study of the effect of some drugs on the dissolution rate of khellin.

PMID- 4065320
TI  - Gastrointestinal absorption of 2-(alpha-thenoylthio)propionylglycine (TTPG) in
      healthy volunteers: a comparative study between two different pharmaceutical
      forms.

PMID- 4065321
TI  - The H+/O ratio of proton translocation linked to the oxidation of succinate by
      mitochondria. Reply to a commentary.
AB  - Costa, L.E., Reynafarje, B. and Lehninger, A.L. [(1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 4802
      4811] have reported 'second-generation' measurements of the H+/O ratio
      approaching 8.0 for vectorial H+ translocation coupled to succinate oxidation by
      rat liver mitochondria. In a Commentary in this Journal [Krab, K., Soos, J. and
      Wikstrom, M. (1984) FEBS Lett. 178, 187-192] it was concluded that the
      measurements of Costa et al. significantly overestimated the true H+/O
      stoichiometry. It is shown here that the mathematical simulation on which Krab et
      al. based this claim is faulty and that data reported by Costa et al. had already
      excluded the criticism advanced by Krab et al. Also reported are new data,
      obtained under conditions in which the arguments of Krab et al. are irrelevant,
      which confirm that the H+/O ratio for succinate oxidation extrapolated to level
      flow is close to 8.

PMID- 4065323
TI  - Fluorescent labelling of histone H3: effect on histone-histone interaction and
      core particle assembly.
AB  - Substitution of Cys 110 of chicken histone H3 with N-iodoacetyl-N1-(5-sulpho-1
      naphthyl)ethylenediamine or iodoacetamide prevents octamer formation in 2 M NaCl
      but does not prevent polyglutamic acid-mediated core particle assembly.

PMID- 4065322
TI  - Mechanisms responsible for carbon tetrachloride-induced perturbation of
      mitochondrial calcium homeostasis.
AB  - Incubation of isolated hepatocytes with CCl4 results in early reduction of the
      intracellular calcium content, mostly due to loss from the mitochondrial
      compartment. CCl4 treatment directly affects mitochondrial functions as indicated
      by the inhibition of Ca2+ uptake in cells permeabilized to the ion by digitonin
      exposure and by the reduction of intracellular ATP content in hepatocytes
      incubated in a glucose-free medium. Such mitochondrial damage is not caused by
      CCl4-induced stimulation of lipid peroxidation since it is not prevented by alpha
      tocopherol, used at a concentration able to inhibit completely peroxidative
      reactions without interfering with CCl4 activation. All data together are in
      favour of a direct action of CCl4-reactive metabolites on liver cell calcium
      homeostasis.

PMID- 4065324
TI  - Mechanisms underlying the asynchronous replacement of myosin light chain isoforms
      during stimulation-induced fibre-type transformation of skeletal muscle.
AB  - During the fibre-type transformation induced by chronic electrical stimulation of
      rabbit fast-twitch muscle, replacement of the fast forms of the two classes of
      myosin light chain by their slow isoforms occurs asynchronously. Studies of total
      cellular myosin light chains and of the slow-to-fast transition now justify the
      conclusion that the asynchrony is due to switching between the expression of fast
      and slow genes for the two light chain classes at sequential stages of the
      transformation process.

PMID- 4065326
TI  - Interpretation of fluorescence photobleaching recovery experiments on oriented
      cell membranes.
AB  - Both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the interpretation of fluorescence
      photobleaching recovery experiments as typically practised to obtain information
      on lateral diffusion processes in cell membranes are called into question in view
      of the polarized nature of the laser light sources routinely employed. Protocols
      which will eliminate the effects elicited under these conditions by any
      concurrent slow rotational diffusion are delineated.

PMID- 4065325
TI  - 1,4-Thiomorpholine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid, a novel cyclic imino acid detected in
      bovine brain.
AB  - Gas-liquid chromatography of enriched bovine brain extract revealed the
      occurrence of several sulfur-containing compounds. By co-chromatography with
      authentic product and by mass-spectrometric analysis, one of these compounds has
      been identified as 1,4-thiomorpholine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid (TMDA). The possible
      derivation of TMDA from lanthionine is discussed. This represents the second S
      containing cyclic amino acid so far discovered in a mammalian brain whose
      physiological significance has not yet been explored.

PMID- 4065327
TI  - Differences in processing of cholesterol between rat liver endothelial cells and
      rat peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - Isolated rat liver endothelial cells and rat peritoneal macrophages were
      incubated with [3H]cholesteryl oleate labeled acetylated LDL in the presence of
      [14C]oleate in order to compare the fate of cholesteryl esters introduced into
      the cells by a so-called atherogenic lipoprotein. It was found that 5-times more
      [3H]cholesteryl oleate became associated with the endothelial cells per mg cell
      protein than with the macrophages. Hydrolysis of the cholesteryl esters proceeded
      in both cell types at a similar rate. In macrophages, however, the cholesterol
      formed is re-esterified at a 5-fold higher rate than in the liver endothelial
      cells. It is concluded that the cholesteryl esters introduced into the liver
      endothelial cells by acetylated LDL are rapidly hydrolysed and only to a very
      limited extent reconverted to cholesteryl esters, which contrasts the fate of
      this substrate with peritoneal macrophages. This property may allow the
      endothelial liver cells to function as a proper protection system against
      circulating atherogenic lipoproteins.

PMID- 4065328
TI  - Sequence conservation in the N-terminal domain of histone H1.

PMID- 4065329
TI  - 40 S subunits from rat liver ribosomes contain two codon-dependent sites for
      transfer RNA.
AB  - 40 S subunits from rat liver ribosomes are able to bind, after heat activation,
      two molecules of either Phe-tRNAPhe, Ac-Phe-tRNAPhe or deacylated tRNAPhe.
      Addition of 60 S subunits to the quaternary complex 40 S.poly(U).(Phe-tRNAPhe)2
      results in quantitative formation of (Phe)2-tRNAPhe. This indicates that the two
      binding sites for tRNA on 40 S subunits should be considered as the constituent
      of P and A sites of 80 S ribosomes.

PMID- 4065330
TI  - Expression of the vasopressin and oxytocin genes in human hypothalami.
AB  - Poly(A)+ RNA isolated from post-mortem human hypothalami has been used to
      characterize the poly-protein precursors to vasopressin and oxytocin. Translation
      in a cell-free system and subsequent immuno-precipitation with antibodies raised
      against either vasopressin or neurophysin identified a product of Mr 19000
      (prepro-vasopressin). A second less intense product of Mr 16500 was tentatively
      identified as prepro-oxytocin. A cDNA library derived from the human hypothalamic
      poly(A)+ RNA was screened for vasopressin and oxytocin-encoding cDNA using
      heterologous probes; clones encoding the two precursors were identified and found
      to be organized as their rat and bovine counterparts. Northern blot analysis
      shows that the mRNAs for the two prepro-hormones consist of approximately 840
      (AVP) and approximately 700 (OT) nucleotides.

PMID- 4065331
TI  - Protein turnover in the cytoplasmic transport system within an insect ovary--a
      clue to the mechanism of microtubule-associated transport.
AB  - The movement of radioactively labelled polypeptides into the microtubule
      associated transport channels in the ovaries of a hemipteran insect has been
      analysed using SDS-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The
      patterns of label suggest that the microtubules which pack the transport channels
      form a relatively static cytoskeleton while other components move independently
      from them along the channels. As well as illustrating the functional organisation
      of microtubule-associated transport in this system our studies of labelled
      proteins have also provided clues as to the mechanism of transport itself.

PMID- 4065332
TI  - Effects of protease inhibitors on nuclear binding of glucocorticoid hormones in
      C3H10T1/2 cells.
AB  - We have measured incorporation of the glucocorticoid hormone cortisone into
      nuclear hormone-receptor complexes in the C3H10T1/2 cell line. As we had found
      cortisone to be capable of malignantly transforming these cells in vitro, and
      certain protease inhibitors have been shown to suppress transformation in this
      cell line, we investigated the effects of these protease inhibitors (antipain,
      chymostatin and the Bowman-Birk inhibitor) on the formation of nuclear cortisone
      receptor complexes. All 3 inhibitors were found to suppress wholly or partially
      formation of nuclear cortisone-receptor complexes, suggesting that such complexes
      may be involved in the process of glucocorticoid-enhanced transformation.

PMID- 4065333
TI  - Erythrocyte membrane acyl:CoA synthetase activity.
AB  - The presence of long-chain acyl:CoA synthetases in mammalian microsomes and
      mitochondria has been established previously [(1971) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 231,
      32-47]. The presence of a plasma membrane-associated enzyme was investigated in
      human erythrocyte ghost plasma membranes, where an enzyme exhibiting high
      activity, and with a preferred substrate of 18 carbon chain length, was
      discovered. The results are consistent with the presence of a single enzyme. The
      effect of the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acid substrates was not as
      pronounced as that arising from the length of the carbon chain. The pattern of
      substrate preference of the enzyme was omega 3 polyenoics greater than omega 6
      polyenoics greater than omega 9 monoenoics greater than saturated fatty acids.
      This may relate to the similar substrate preference pattern exhibited by the
      fatty acyl desaturase enzymes. However, the role played by long-chain acyl:CoA
      synthetase in erythrocyte metabolism is uncertain, but may relate to the
      transportation of polyenoic fatty acids in the circulation.

PMID- 4065334
TI  - The determination of intracellular water space by NMR.
AB  - A new method for the determination of intracellular water space using NMR
      spectroscopy is described. The method is based on the measurement of 59Co NMR
      signal intensity of an inert, stable and membrane-impermeable cobalt(III)
      compound such as Co(CN)3-6 or Co(imidazole)3+6 and the 2H or 1H NMR signal
      intensities of the freely permeable water. As an example of the method, the
      variation of the intracellular water space of human erythrocytes as a function of
      osmolality was measured.

PMID- 4065335
TI  - Solution conformation and electrostatic potential distribution of prostaglandins
      and thromboxanes and their relation to specificity.

PMID- 4065336
TI  - Monensin-dependent and -independent mechanisms of cell-matrix adhesion.
AB  - Attachment and spreading of human FL cells on a subcellular matrix (SCM)
      preparation made by treating confluent cell monolayers with deoxycholate are
      insensitive to the presence of monensin. However, if the cell suspension is
      surface-iodinated prior to adhesion using the LPO/H2O2 system, cell spreading on
      SCM is inhibited by 1 microM monensin. The suggested interpretation is that cell
      surface components required for cell spreading on SCM are inactivated by
      iodination and need replacement from intracellular reserves by a monensin
      sensitive pathway. This pathway is not required in the absence of iodination when
      sufficient surface components (or a monensin-independent pathway of surface
      expression) are available. Support for this interpretation is obtained by means
      of double-iodination experiments in which surface-labelled cells adhere and
      spread, are detached and labelled a second time and then allowed to adhere again
      to SCM. Cell spreading in the second case is inhibited by approximately 80%,
      suggesting that both previously expressed and newly recruited receptors are
      inactivated.

PMID- 4065337
TI  - The N-terminal sequence of albumin Redhill, a variant of human serum albumin.
AB  - Albumin Redhill, a variant human albumin, has been isolated by fast protein
      liquid chromatofocusing. The N-terminal sequence of this protein corresponded to
      that of albumin A except that one additional arginine residue was attached to the
      N-terminus.

PMID- 4065338
TI  - Tenacious binding of lipids to vimentin during its isolation and purification
      from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
AB  - Vimentin enriched in cytoskeletal frameworks by Triton X-100 extraction of
      Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and purified from a low ionic strength extract of the
      cell residues by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and DEAE-Sepharose and ssDNA-cellulose
      chromatography in the presence of 6 M urea was highly contaminated with lipids.
      Thin-layer chromatography of a chloroform-methanol extract of the purified
      protein revealed, besides small amounts of phospholipids, the presence of large
      quantities of neutral lipids.

PMID- 4065339
TI  - Direct observation of the ion distribution between charged lipid membranes.

PMID- 4065340
TI  - Mechanism of the stimulation of respiration by fatty acids in rat liver.
AB  - The mechanism of stimulation of hepatic respiration by fatty acids was studied in
      isolated rat hepatocytes. Stimulation of respiration by fatty acids varied from
      about 35% to about 105% depending on chain length. The stimulatory effect of
      octanoate (1 mM) or oleate (0.5 mM) was prevented by oligomycin (2
      micrograms/ml). With carboxyatractyloside (100 microM) and ouabain (2 mM) the
      stimulation of respiration was partially inhibited (by 50-70 and 50-60%,
      respectively). From these results it can be concluded that the increased rate of
      respiration after addition of fatty acids is coupled to ATP synthesis. A large
      part (50-60%) of this ATP is utilized by the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase.

PMID- 4065341
TI  - Amino acid sequence of heat-stable enterotoxin produced by Vibrio cholerae non
      01.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of heat-stable enterotoxin, produced by Vibrio cholerae
      non-01 and isolated from its culture supernatant, was determined by both Edman
      degradation of native and reductively carboxymethylated enterotoxin and also a
      combination of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and carboxypeptidase Y
      digestion of native enterotoxin to be as follows: Ile-Asp-Cys-Cys-Glu-Ile-Cys-Cys
      Asn-Pro-Ala-Cys-Phe-Gly-Cys-Leu-Asn. This sequence is very similar, but not
      identical, to those of heat-stable enterotoxins produced by enterotoxigenic
      Escherichia coli and Yersinia enterocolitica.

PMID- 4065342
TI  - Multiple relationships between rate of oxidative phosphorylation and delta microH
      in rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - The relationship between rate of ATP synthesis and transmembrane electrochemical
      proton gradient has been determined in rat liver mitochondria oxidizing
      succinate, using the respiratory inhibitor malonate or the uncoupler FCCP to
      decrease delta microH progressively. As previously reported [(1982) Eur. J.
      Biochem. 126, 443-451] two different relationships are obtained depending on the
      method used. Evidence is presented that this result is not due to underestimation
      of the delta microH maintained by fast-respiring mitochondria, as recently
      suggested [(1985) FEBS Lett. 181, 323-327].

PMID- 4065344
TI  - Screening for colorectal cancer.

PMID- 4065343
TI  - Cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation of a 16 kDa protein in a plasma membrane
      enriched fraction of rat aortic myocytes.
AB  - Phosphorylation induced by cAMP-dependent protein kinase was examined in a plasma
      membrane-enriched fraction from control and beta-adrenergic-stimulated rat aortic
      myocytes. Phosphorylation of a 16 kDa protein which copurified with the plasma
      membrane marker (Na+ + K+)-ATPase was most prominent. It was decreased by
      pretreatment of the myocytes with isoproterenol and the effect of isoproterenol
      was inhibited by propranolol. Both phosphorylation induced by cAMP-dependent
      protein kinase and its inhibition by isoproterenol pretreatment declined in
      preparations exposed to endogenous phosphatase. These results provide strong
      evidence that beta-adrenergic stimulation of aortic myocytes induces in situ
      phosphorylation of a 16 kDa plasma membrane protein.

PMID- 4065345
TI  - Leiomyomata of the oesophagus: report of four surgically-treated cases.
AB  - Four patients with leiomyoma of the upper or middle third of the oesophagus
      treated by surgical excision are reported. All operations were performed through
      a right thoracotomy with simple enucleation of the lesion. Two patients were
      asymptomatic. In one the tumour had a spiral configuration almost completely
      surrounding the lumen. No complications occurred. Early surgical treatment is
      advised although the tumour grows slowly.

PMID- 4065346
TI  - Cutaneous malignant lymphoma: a clinical and pathological study of 13 cases.
AB  - Thirteen cases of malignant lymphoma, exclusive of mycosis fungoides, with
      initial involvement of the skin, were selected from 391 consecutive patients with
      non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Their clinical course was correlated to histological
      subtype. All patients (5/5) with 'favourable' histology had single indurated
      plaques without extracutaneous involvement, and remained in complete remission
      for at least 5 years after local radiation therapy. In contrast, all those with
      'unfavourable' histology not lost to follow-up (7/7) suffered relapse or died
      within a 2-year period. They generally had multiple skin lesions and
      extracutaneous involvement at diagnosis or shortly afterwards. We conclude that
      histological subtype is an important variable in predicting clinical course in
      those with cutaneous malignant lymphoma.

PMID- 4065347
TI  - Radiotherapy: what are patients' needs?
AB  - Although there is a substantial body of research into the impact of cancer
      therapies such as surgery and chemotherapy, little is known about the experiences
      of cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. Serial interviews with 39 patients
      undergoing radical radiotherapy to the oral cavity revealed that
      misunderstandings and groundless fears about this form of treatment were
      widespread. A majority were unprepared for the severity and duration of their
      side-effects. These results suggest that written information for patients about
      radiotherapy and its side-effects should be made available routinely. There is
      also scope for nutritional support. Finally, as a supplement to out-patient
      attendance, informal contact with the hospital in the immediate post-treatment
      phase would provide invaluable reassurance to patients.

PMID- 4065348
TI  - A correlation between oestrogen receptors and tumour size in primary breast
      cancer.
AB  - Oestrogen receptor (OR) assay has an essential role in selecting therapy for
      breast cancer patients, OR status is probably also of prognostic value. The
      correlation between the size of the primary tumour and OR status was evaluated in
      100 women with breast cancer. In 72 post-menopausal patients the OR average level
      was significantly higher in large primary tumours--T2, T3, when compared to OR
      levels of T1 tumours. In the 28 pre-menopausal women, this difference was not
      statistically significant. No correlation between OR level and stage of disease
      was found. Women presenting with large primary tumours do not necessarily have a
      poor prognosis.

PMID- 4065349
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus arising within condyloma acuminatum.
AB  - Condyloma acuminatum are 'warty' lesions of viral aetiology. Four cases of
      squamous carcinoma arising within such condyloma are reported and discussed.

PMID- 4065350
TI  - Lymphangitis carcinomatosis arising from carcinoma of the cervix.
AB  - A case of lymphangitis carcinomatosis due to carcinoma of the cervix, and
      presenting clinically as pulmonary infarction, is described. The speed of
      progression of the disease is stressed and its protean manifestations are well
      exhibited by this case.

PMID- 4065351
TI  - Angiosarcoma arising in a patient with Maffucci syndrome.
AB  - Maffucci syndrome comprises multiple enchondromas together with cutaneous
      haemangiomas. Review of the literature shows a 15-20% incidence of sarcomatous
      change in one or more of the enchondromas. Malignancy arising from the vascular
      component, however, has only been reported in one case. We present a further case
      where a patient with Maffucci syndrome presented with multifocal angiosarcoma.

PMID- 4065352
TI  - Acupuncture and malignant pain problems.

PMID- 4065353
TI  - Nipple oedema: an unusual presenting sign of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PMID- 4065354
TI  - Neuronal interactions during epileptic events in vitro.
AB  - Epileptic events can be produced in in vitro brain slices after perfusion with
      convulsant agents such as penicillin or picrotoxin. These events consist of one
      or more synchronized neuronal bursts. In this experimental system, epileptic
      events occur because of blockade of synaptic inhibition by the convulsant agent.
      A sparse network of excitatory synaptic interconnections in the hippocampus
      serves to synchronize a population of neurons, each of which is capable of
      bursting after appropriate stimulation.

PMID- 4065355
TI  - Rana computatrix: progress report, 1984.
AB  - This paper describes an approach to analyzing mechanisms of visuomotor
      coordination that is twofold: top-down, to offer a coordinated control program of
      interacting schemata (functional units, underlying behavior, which can be
      activated in different combinations) to achieve behavior noted by
      neuroethologists; and bottom-up, to provide detailed models of neural networks
      that are consistent with known anatomy and physiology, but that involve
      additional assumptions, amenable to experimental testing, to yield a network
      capable of exhibiting appropriate behavior. Rana computatrix, an evolving series
      of models of frog and toad visuomotor coordination, is described.

PMID- 4065356
TI  - Spontaneous myocardial calcium oscillations: overview with emphasis on ryanodine
      and caffeine.
AB  - All mammalian cardiac preparations exhibit the capacity for periodic spontaneous
      Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) (Ca2+ oscillations). The
      occurrence of such oscillations in unstimulated preparations and their
      periodicity depend on the species and the Ca2+ load on the cell. When the
      spontaneous frequency of these oscillations exceeds the rate of external
      simulation, they appear between stimulated contractions and impart a variable
      Ca2+-dependent component of diastolic tonus and a propensity for extrasystoles
      and arrhythmias to occur; these diastolic oscillations can also affect systolic
      function as well. Although enhancing the spontaneous frequency of Ca2+ release,
      caffeine depresses the oscillation amplitude, whereas ryanodine suppresses both
      frequency and amplitude. Detailed studies of oscillation characteristics and of
      the different effects of caffeine and ryanodine on them may provide an
      understanding of and may be useful for modeling SR Ca2+ uptake and release in
      intact preparations.

PMID- 4065357
TI  - Effects of ryanodine on intracellular Ca2+ transients in mammalian cardiac
      muscle.
AB  - We observed the effects of ryanodine on the aequorin luminescence, membrane
      potential, and contraction of canine cardiac Purkinje fibers and ferret
      ventricular muscle. In canine Purkinje fibers, ryanodine (10 nM to 1 microM)
      abolished the spontaneous spatiotemporal fluctuations in [Ca2+] that occur as a
      result of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) during
      exposure to low-Na+ solutions. Ryanodine strongly reduced the twitch and both
      components of the intracellular aequorin luminescence signal (L1 and L2), which
      normally accompanies contraction. The small luminescence signals that remained in
      ryanodine could be abolished by a Ca2+ channel blocker (nitrendipine, 10 microM).
      The plateau phase of the action potential was reduced by nitrendipine in the
      presence of ryanodine, which suggests that Ca2+ current was not blocked by
      ryanodine. In ferret ventricular tissue, ryanodine (1 microM) prolonged the
      action potential and reduced the peak amplitudes of both the aequorin transient
      and the twitch, while greatly prolonging the time-to-peak of both signals.
      Increases in extracellular [Ca2+] restored the peak amplitudes of the twitch and
      the aequorin luminescence, but did not restore the normal time-to-peak. The
      results show that in both tissues, the negative inotropic effect of ryanodine is
      due to the reduction of the intracellular [Ca2+] transient. Inasmuch as neither
      Ca2+ entry via surface membrane Ca2+ channels nor Na+-Ca2+ exchange appears to be
      blocked by ryanodine, the most probable cause of reduction of the [Ca2+]
      transient is an inhibition of Ca2+ release by the SR.

PMID- 4065358
TI  - [Properties of individual waves of the somato-sympathetic reflex].
AB  - In anaesthetized immobilized cats, properties of separate waves of the somato
      sympathetic responses were studied in the T3-4 and L2-3 white rami. The wave of
      early (ER) and the initial wave of late responses (LR-I) revealed obvious
      features of segment reflexes whereas the main wave of late response (LR-II)
      revealed features of suprasegment reflexes. In spinal animals only ER and LR-I
      but no LR-II were found. Both LR-I and ER seem to have an exclusively spinal
      origin whereas LR-II seems to involve suprasegment neuronal structures. Possible
      mechanisms of the waves of late somato-sympathetic reflex are discussed.

PMID- 4065359
TI  - [Electrophysiologic and histochemical characteristics of the fiber composition of
      the subdiaphragmatic portion of the vagus nerves].
AB  - The fibre composition of subphrenic branches of the vagus nerves was studied
      electrophysiologically and histochemically. In anaesthetized cats, the presence
      of multicomponent electrical responses was found during stimulation of
      preganglionic fibres of splanchnic nerves in the splanchnic branch of the dorsal
      vagus trunk; the presence of synaptically interrupted fibres was shown.
      Histochemically, adrenergic fibres were found both in the central and in the
      peripheral stumps of subphrenic branches of the vagus nerves. Most strongly
      fluorescent fibres were regularly found in the peripheral stump of the splanchnic
      branch of the dorsal vagus trunk. The data obtained suggest that processes of
      ganglionic neurons of the celiac plexus ascend within splanchnic and other
      branches of the vagus nerves.

PMID- 4065360
TI  - [Age and changes in hemodynamics in the neonatally desympathized rat].
AB  - The hemodynamics was measured under resting conditions in chemically
      sympathectomized (with guanethidine) and control rats at 2.5, 4.0 and 8.0 months
      of age. In sympathectomized rats, the cardiac output (CO) was 23, 36 and 53%
      higher than in control, resp., whereas total peripheral resistance (TPR100) was
      22, 27 and 42% lower, resp. The increase in CO was the result of elevation in the
      stroke volume. In sympathectomized rats, the TPR100 did not significantly change
      with age in contrast with control rats, and at 1.5 months of age an elevation of
      vascular resistance at maximal vasodilatation was observed in perfused isolated
      preparations. This difference diminished with age and disappeared at 4 or 8
      months of age. The increase in structurally based resistance of vessels of
      sympathectomized rats at 1.5 months of age seems to be caused by reduced density
      of small resistance vessels.

PMID- 4065361
TI  - [Resistance, exchange and capacitance vessels of the skeletal musculature in
      acute hypoxic hypoxia].
AB  - In cats under conditions of autoperfusion of hemodynamically isolated m.
      gastrocnemius, acute hypoxia (10% O2 in nitrogen) increased the precapillary and
      decreased the postcapillary resistance, reduced the capillary hydrostatic
      pressure and induced shifts of the capillary filtration coefficient (CFC) by 30%
      on the average. In cross-circulation performed for analysis of the neurogenic
      component in the vascular responses, analogous changes of the above parameters
      were revealed, the CFC decreasing, however. In denervated vascular bed of the m.
      gastrocnemius, the acute hypoxia decreased the precapillary and increased the
      postcapillary resistance, the hydrostatic pressure and the CFC increasing. In
      decentralized vessels of skeletal muscle, hypoxia induced prevalence of
      filtration while absorption of fluid prevailed in perfusion of the preparation
      with donor's arterial blood and in recipient's hypoxia.

PMID- 4065362
TI  - [Neurogenic changes in filtration-absorptive ratios in skeletal muscle vessels].
AB  - In cats, the volumometry of extracorporeally circulating blood revealed that the
      character of changes of the capillary hydrostatic pressure in the hindlimb
      skeletal muscles occurring in response to stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic
      string, virtually depends on the mode of perfusion: under constant blood flow the
      capillary pressure increased while in perfusion under constant pressure it
      decreased. The capillary filtration coefficient (CFC) increased in response to
      stimulation of sympathetic efferents irrespective of the mode of vascular bed
      perfusion. The mechanisms of the above changes of the capillary hydrostatic
      pressure are considered from the standpoint of participation of hemodynamic
      factors and active shifts of pre-and postcapillary pressure. Possible role of the
      change of the vascular bed permeability and activation of beta-adrenoreceptors in
      the mechanism of the capillary filtration coefficient increase, is discussed.

PMID- 4065363
TI  - [Resistance, capacitance and exchange functions of the vessels of the small
      intestine in acute hypothermia].
AB  - Shifts of vascular functions occurred in two phases in cats cooled from 37
      degrees C to 25 degrees C: first, a considerable increase of the integral
      vascular pre- and postcapillary resistance as well as of the capillary
      hydrostatic pressure with obvious reduction of the capillary filtration
      coefficient (CFC) and stretching ability of the venous bed occurred at 31-29
      degrees C in the organ under study; the second phase (25 degrees C) involved a
      decrease of the integral vascular pre- and postcapillary resistance, a
      considerable augmentation of venous vessels stretching ability and stabilizing of
      the CFC at the level reached at 31 degrees C. Experiments with decentralized
      intestine revealed no virtual differences of the vascular function shifts in
      hypothermia whereas the values of integral resistance of the intestine's vascular
      bed, precapillary resistance, capillary pressure and of the venous vessels
      stretching ability were considerably decreased.

PMID- 4065364
TI  - [Changes in the functions of the vessels of the skeletal musculature during a
      cardiogenic depressor reflex].
AB  - Changes of vascular resistance and capillary filtration coefficient (CFC),
      integral stretching ability and capacitance of venous vessels were studied during
      the cardiogenic depressor reflex under conditions of autoperfusion of innervated
      skeletal muscles of the cat hindlimb. A short-term compression of the left
      coronary artery induced a decrease of the perfusion pressure and an increase of
      the CFC in the hindlimb vessels. The integral stretching ability of the venous
      bed and its capacitance usually increased in response to the above action. The
      mechanisms underlying changes of these vascular functions, are discussed.

PMID- 4065365
TI  - [Effect of electrostimulation of different brain structures on the motor activity
      of the digestive tract of the cod].
AB  - In acute experiments on immobilized unanesthetized cod, the effect of electrical
      stimulation of different brain structures on electrical activity of smooth muscle
      of the alimentary tract was investigated. Stimulation of the lateral
      telencephalon and tectum with trains of square pulses (0.1 - 0.5 mA, 2 msec, 300
      Hz) depressed the tonic and peristaltic gastrointestinal motility. Stimulation of
      the rostral area of cerebellum and medulla oblongata intensified the gastric and
      intestinal emptying. The effect was found to depend on the level of spontaneous
      motor activity of the stomach and intestine.

PMID- 4065366
TI  - [Activating effect of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin on the taste-receptor system
      of the rat].
AB  - The effect of the intraperitoneal injection of 10(-5) M cholecystokinin
      pancreozimin solution on the taste total impulse activity of the rat chorda
      tympani was studied. The taste responses to sodium chloride and sucrose increased
      within 5 min and responses to quinine increased within 30 sec after the peptide
      injection. Responses to citric acid solution did not augment significantly. The
      augmentation of the taste responses under peptide injection can be blocked by
      cutting the chorda tympani nerve or subepithelial administration of atropine
      solution.

PMID- 4065367
TI  - [Effect of short-term hypoxia on body temperature and lactic acid in the blood of
      the mouse].
AB  - In mice, changes of body temperature and concentration of lactic acid in the
      blood were studied after three modes of barochamber hypoxia (altitude 8000 m) at
      the temperatures +10, +20 and +36 degrees C. The greatest drop of body
      temperature occurred at +10 degrees C, the least one at +36 degrees C. The lactic
      acid concentration was the greatest (up to 3.6 mM/l) at 2-min ascend and 2-min
      descend as well as at 2-min ascend, 15-min "altitude", 2-min descend, the
      temperatures being +20 and +36 degrees C. At 15-time 2-min ascend-descend, the
      concentration was the least (no more than 2 mM/l). Mechanisms of accelerated
      adaptation to hypoxia are considered from the standpoint of occurrence of
      repeated hyperventilation as the result of conditioning to repeated effects of
      hypoxia.

PMID- 4065368
TI  - [Regulation of the rate of proximal and distal reabsorption after intratubular
      injection of cobalt ions].
AB  - The effect of cobalt on renal tubular electrolyte and water handling was studied
      in the newt using the method of stationary microperfusion of the proximal and
      early distal tubules. Na, K, Ca, Mg and Cl concentrations were measured by
      electron probe analysis in tubule samples. 3H inulin was used to estimate the net
      fluid reabsorption. 5 X 10(-4) M CoCl2 was applied luminally. Proximal perfusion
      of cobalt increased significantly electrolytes (Na, Cl, Ca, Mg) and net fluid
      reabsorption. After cobalt injection in distal tubule sodium relative
      reabsorption was raised by 32%, chloride by 20%, fluid reabsorption by 27%. There
      was a reduction of calcium and magnesium transport by 8 and 31% accordingly.
      Potassium reabsorption did not change significantly. These data indicate that the
      luminal cobalt application stimulates proximal reabsorption and inhibits calcium
      reabsorption and activates sodium transport in distal tubule.

PMID- 4065369
TI  - [Furosemide-sensitive transport of chloride through the apical membrane of cells
      of the proximal tubule of the triton kidney].
AB  - The effect of furosemide on transtubular electrical potential (Vt) as well as on
      the potentials of apical (Va) and basolateral (Vb) membranes of the Triturus
      vulgaris proximal nephron cells was studied in alteration of the electrochemical
      potential gradient Na+ and Cl- through the apical membrane. Furosemide did not
      change the Va and Vb provided the concentration of NaCl in the lumen of proximal
      canal was the same as in the blood plasma. When the NaCl concentration diminished
      in the lumen furosemide increased Va and Vb, the Vt remaining unchanged. The
      effect of furosemide is considerably lesser when the Cl- concentration alone
      diminishes in the lumen. The data obtained suggest presence of furosemide
      sensitive transport of Cl- in the apical membrane of proximal canal cells in the
      Triturus kidney. This membrane seems to have systems of electrogenic transport of
      Cl- insensitive to furosemide but depending on the Na+ electrochemical potential
      gradient.

PMID- 4065370
TI  - [Electrochemical means of determining monoamines in the brain].

PMID- 4065371
TI  - [Multi-channel attachment with a logarithmic amplifier for measuring tissue blood
      flow by the hydrogen clearance method].

PMID- 4065372
TI  - [Use of passive changes in limb position for studies of circulation by the
      plethysmography method].

PMID- 4065374
TI  - Two-step freezing of cells used in hybridoma technology.
AB  - Hybridoma technology requires freezing of parental myeloma cells, continuous
      freezing and thawing of clones and stable hybridoma cells. A modification of the
      method of two-step freezing is described. The cryoprotective agent (5% dimethyl
      sulphoxide) is added to the cells at room temperature for 10 min. Cells are then
      transferred directly to the -25 degrees C bath, held at this temperature for 10
      min, and stored directly in liquid nitrogen. Thawing is rapid in a water bath
      warmed to 60-80 degrees C. Hybridoma cells retain high viability and the
      production of specific monoclonal antibody after thawing.

PMID- 4065373
TI  - Delivery of liposome content into plant protoplasts.
AB  - The interaction of various types of liposomes with protoplasts of Nicotiana
      tabacum and Capsicum annuum was studied by means of fluorescence microscopy and
      autoradiography. The liposomes with a positive charge displayed the strongest
      affinity to the protoplast membrane, whereas the maximum intracellular delivery
      of encapsulated protein and DNA molecules into protoplasts was exhibited by the
      negatively charged liposomes. The results showed that the negatively charged
      unilamellar liposomes prepared by the reverse-phase evaporation method represent
      a very promising universal vehicle system for introducing genetic information
      into plants.

PMID- 4065375
TI  - Does lymphopoiesis regulate tissue mast cells?
AB  - An almost twenty-fold increase in mast cell concentration was observed in the
      spleens of BALB/c mice after sublethal X-irradiation. Repopulation with bone
      marrow cells abolished this effect.

PMID- 4065376
TI  - Genetic linkage of endogenous viral loci with the B (MHC) and C
      histocompatibility loci in chickens.
AB  - Genetic linkage of endogenous viral loci and histocompatibility loci B (MHC) and
      C has been demonstrated serologically in backcross progeny of inbred lines of
      chickens. The endogenous viral locus linked to the B complex is the first case of
      the localization of an endogenous viral gene to the microchromosomes in chickens.

PMID- 4065377
TI  - Two-step freezing of hybridoma cells in 96-well microculture plates.
AB  - Stabile hybridoma cells, colonies of hybridoma cells 14 days after fusion of
      immune spleen and myeloma cells, myeloma cells and fibroblasts cultured in 96
      well microculture plates were frozen by the method of two-step freezing. The
      culture medium was aspirated, and 50 microliter of the medium containing a
      cryoprotectant (5% dimethyl sulphoxide) was added for 10 min at room temperature.
      The plates were put into microtene bags, placed at -25 degrees C in a freezer for
      30 min and then stored at -100 degrees C in liquid nitrogen vapour. Plates with
      cells were thawed rapidly in a 50 degree C water bath. After thawing the hybrid
      cells were viable and continued to produce the specific antibody.

PMID- 4065378
TI  - Changes in the number of haemopoietic stem cells (CFUs) in bone marrow and
      spleens of pregnant rats after a short space flight onboard the Cosmos-1514
      biosatellite.
AB  - After a 5-day stay in a state of weightlessness onboard a biosatellite Cosmos
      1514 the pregnant rats exhibited a decrease in the number of haemopoietic stem
      cells (CFUs) in bone marrow and spleens on the recovery day after the space
      flight as compared to rats kept in the vivarium under usual conditions. The
      different changes in the concentration of CFUs in the bone marrow and spleens of
      flight and synchronous control rats indicate that the extent of the decrease in
      CFUs pool in the spleens of flight rats was significantly influenced by the
      action of non-specific flight factors.

PMID- 4065379
TI  - Stimulation of myogenesis by 2,2'-thiodiethanol in suboptimal tissue culture
      conditions.
AB  - It is shown that 2,2'-thiodiethanol, a product of yperite hydrolysis, strongly
      stimulates differentiation of chick embryo myogenic cells. In its presence
      myoblasts fused, yielding myotubes with the same efficiency in standard media for
      chick embryo fibroblast-like cell culture (containing 4% bovine serum and 1%
      chick serum) as in media specially designed to promote myoblast fusion
      (containing 10% horse serum and 5% chick serum). What is more, the myofibres
      formed in the presence of 0.1% 2,2'-thiodiethanol morphologically resembled more
      closely myofibres formed in vivo than those formed in the presence of horse
      serum.

PMID- 4065380
TI  - Functional and structural heterogeneity of nucleoli: the dependence of the
      activity of transport of newly synthesized rRNA on nucleolar size and phase of
      the cell cycle.
AB  - On the basis of radioactivity of interphase cells in the antheridial filaments of
      Chara vulgaris after a 20 min. incubation with 3H-uridine and after a 40 min.
      postincubation the activity of synthesis and transport of newly synthesized RNA
      has been studied in different-sized nucleoli. Investigations of their
      ultrastructure have been also performed. It was found that the smallest nucleoli
      from 0.2-0.5 micron in diameter indicate the structure typical of nucleoli
      inactive in RNA synthesis. Nucleoli ranging from 0.5-2.0 microns in diameter
      which constitute the most numerous population were evidenced to be active both in
      synthesis and transport of newly synthesized RNA. Their structure is
      characterized by nucleoloneme-like appearance with small quantity of granular
      components. The largest nucleoli which are present in small numbers at the onset
      of interphase gradually increase in number till G2 phase. They indicate similar
      transcriptional activity as the latter category of nucleoli but a lower activity
      of transport of newly synthesized RNA; moreover, they abound in granular
      components surrounding the nucleoloneme. Nucleoli from all size-classes increase
      their transcriptional activity in middle S and middle G2 phases. Transport of
      newly synthesized RNA, however, is differentiated and it depends on both the
      phase of the cell cycle and nucleolar size.

PMID- 4065381
TI  - The effect of jejunectomy on alkaline phosphatase activity in the ileum.
AB  - The activity of alkaline phosphatase activity in the small intestinal wall was
      studied in dogs after jejunectomy. The observations were made 3, 6, 8 or 9 and 12
      weeks after operation. The studies aimed to obtain some information about the
      functional adaptation processes of the remaining intestinal segments. The enzyme
      activity in homogenates of duodenal and ileal mucosa was determined. Parallel
      interferometric measurements in the brush border and on the surface of the
      absorptive cells were performed. The results obtained indicate that after
      temporary reduction (especially 6 weeks postoperatively) a gradual rise of the
      alkaline phosphatase activity both in homogenates and in the brush border of the
      intestinal remnants took place. Several times repeated biopsies confirmed the
      ability of the intestinal segments (duodenum and distal ileum) significant
      increase in enzyme activity over the normal (control) level was observed.

PMID- 4065382
TI  - Cellular elements of the immune system in the larynx cancer, SEM study.
AB  - Observations that certain primary tumors (solid ones) are infiltrated by cells
      which participate in immune responses tend us to examine this problem in
      spontaneously growing larynx carcinoma (ca. planoepitheliale). Our observations
      in SEM revealed within but also in surrounding of cancer infiltrations the
      presence of cellular elements belonging to the immune system like: lymphocytes,
      monocytes and macrophages. The most numerous of them, lymphocytes, are brought to
      the surrounding and tumor's territory by very rich vascular network (angiogenesis
      phenomenon). Bidirectional transmigration of the lymphocytes, observed mainly
      within the postcapillary venules, takes place through the cytoplasm of
      endothelial cells. It is most probably that they are lymphocytes of T-type which
      are involved in a cell mediated mechanisms of the immune response against a
      tumor. The lymphocytes are responsible also for the presence of monocytes and
      especially macrophages within a tumor's territory. These facts suggest that the
      human organism, in certain degree, is able to fight against malignant tissue by
      similar mechanisms which are involved in the rejection of the graft.

PMID- 4065383
TI  - Metabolic pathways of the fossil dinosaur bones. Part V. Morphological
      differentiation of osteocyte lacunae and bone canaliculi and their significance
      in the system of extracellular communication.
AB  - The study was carried out on dinosaur bones nearly 80 million years old. Samples
      for examination were prepared with specially elaborated methods. The light and
      transmission electron microscopic images permitted two kinds of bone lacunae and
      two types of paralacunar canalicular endings to be distinguished. The lacunae of
      the first kind were characterized by their elongated shape, their length
      exceeding their width several times, their dimensions being 31.2/9.4 microns. The
      lacunae of the other kind were not so long, their mean measurements amounting to
      21.32/9.7 microns. Among the paralacunar canalicular endings those of small
      diameter were more numerous. The canaliculi of wider, funnel-shaped endings
      amounted to two or three, they were usually localized in the polar part of the
      lacuna, and were defined as the axial canaliculi. These were canaliculi of a
      large diameter. The canalicular wall was constructed of collagen fibres. The same
      fibres were found in the lacunar wall. Also a relationship between the structure
      of the lacunar wall and the localization of an osteocyte in the lacuna was
      analysed in the light and electron microscopes. In regard to the structure of the
      bone lacuna and the localization of an osteocyte in it, zones A and B were
      distinguished. Zone A had a characteristic loose and disorderly system of
      collagen fibres building the lacunar wall. The fibres in this area were by nature
      open to view. Besides, this region of the lacunar wall revealed specific terraced
      hollows. Zone B was distinguished by a compact system of parallelly arranged
      collagen fibres, which formed characteristic ridges in the lacunar wall. The
      localization of the osteocyte in the lacuna was irregular, the pericellular space
      around it being of variable width. This space was shown to contain
      mucopolysaccharides. The images obtained from dinosaur bone were compared with
      those already known for modern bone. These comparisons permitted it to be
      ascertained that zone A corresponds to a spot in the lacuna in which the
      osteocyte exhibits a decreased activity. Zone B is the area of the actual
      direction of the osteocyte's activity aiming at the shaping of the wall of its
      lacuna. It can be supposed that the widened endings of the paralacunar canaliculi
      perform more important functions in conveyance, this being evident from
      comparisons of analogous areas in modern bone.

PMID- 4065384
TI  - Ultrastructural studies on diurnal variations in mitochondria in various regions
      of the hepatic lobule.
AB  - Stereologic studies on diurnal variations in ultrastructural manifestations of
      hepatic mitochondrial function in various regions of the hepatic lobules were
      performed. The experiments were performed on Wistar rats in May when the liver
      shows the maximal content of glycogen. The materials for the studies were taken
      at 8 am. and 10 p.m. The stereologic examinations were done according to the
      method of Weibel et al. The results obtained may suggest a conversion of the
      orthodox hepatic mitochondria to the transitional state, that is during the
      glycogen minimum in the rats in May. In the morning, when the glycogen deposits
      increased, the pericentral mitochondria are in the orthodox state. In the evening
      glycogen consumption due to glycogenolysis was accompanied by conversion of the
      mitochondria from the orthodox state to the transitional ones, which may suggest
      their increased metabolic activity.

PMID- 4065385
TI  - The distribution of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in adult human Achilles
      tendons.
AB  - The authors have studied the LDH isoenzymes distribution in the human Achilles
      tendons. Connection between the age, sex, and enzyme activity were not found. In
      the Achilles tendon were found strong activity of isoenzymes IV and V (M-type),
      and controversy them moderate activity of isoenzymes I and II (H-type).

PMID- 4065386
TI  - Electronmicroscopy of the buccal proper lamina in leukoplakia.
AB  - The observations included the connective tissue laminae originating from samples
      of the buccal mucous membrane in leukoplakia. Following fixation and dehydration
      the materials were embedded in Epon 812, and the electronograms for the
      evaluation were obtained with the use of a Tesla BS 500 electron microscope. The
      macrophages were encountered close to the basal membrane in the proper lamina.
      The space between the basal cells and the macrophages was filled with the
      connective tissue matrix and numerous collagen fibres, as well as the fibroblast
      cells. Numerous mast cells, characterized by a specific activity, were noted.
      Additionally, the proper lamina contained few nerve fibres, usually
      nonmyelinated. The vascular bed was normal. The electronograms in leukoplakia
      revealed an active synthesis of the connective tissue matrix and collagen fibres.
      The marked activity of the mast cells was manifested by a high number of cells
      containing a relatively differentiated amount of granulation. This might be
      related to the chronic character of the disease. A significant activity of
      particular elements of the proper lamina, i.e. the cellular elements, collagen
      fibres and the connective tissue matrix appears to be characteristic of
      leukoplakia.

PMID- 4065387
TI  - Electron microscope picture of the epithelium and epithelial-connective
      borderline in leukoplakia of the buccal mucous membrane.
AB  - The studies were carried out on samples collected from the buccal mucous membrane
      with highly advanced leukoplakia lesions. The material was fixed in 5%
      glutaraldehyde buffered to pH 7.4 cacodylate buffer and 1% osmium tetraoxide.
      Upon dehydration the material was embedded in Epon 812. The electronograms were
      obtained with the use of a Tesla BS 500 transmission electron microscope. The
      number of cellular organellae was increased in the basic layer cells of the
      epithelium. Within the spinous zone a greater number of cellular layers was
      encountered. The connections between the cells took the form of either
      desmosomes, or else of direct cytoplasmatic continuity. Among the epithelial
      cells one might observe macrophages. The epithelial-connective borderline was
      similar to the normal picture. The obtained results made it possible to regard
      leukoplakia as a dynamic process, characterized by hyperactivity of all the
      epithelial layers and cells.

PMID- 4065388
TI  - [Effects of intracerebroventricular (I.C.V.) administration of 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on hemodynamics in conscious spontaneously hypertensive
      rats (SHR): relation to sympathetic nervous system].
AB  - Recently, the serotonergic nervous system has been receiving attention as part of
      the blood pressure regulating mechanism of the central nervous system, and it has
      been postulated that the system may participate in the pathogenesis of
      hypertension. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the mechanism of
      hemodynamic change after i.c.v. administration of 5-HT in SHR and in normotensive
      Wistar Rats (WR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-week-old male SHR (n = 11) and
      age-matched WR (n = 14) were used. On the day before the experiments, the
      unilateral carotid artery and jugular vein were cannulated. Also, a cannula was
      inserted stereotaxically into the anterior horn of the lateral cerebral
      ventricle. Experiments were performed under the conscious and minimum restrained
      state. Experiment I: After observation of resting mean arterial pressure (MAP)
      and heart rate (HR) for 20 minutes, 5-HT (5 micrograms/5 microliter saline) was
      administrated i.c.v., and MAP and HR were observed for 90 minutes. Then, 200
      micrograms of phenoxybenzamine (POB) was given from the jugular cannula. Thirty
      minutes after the POB administration when MAP was stabilized, 5 micrograms of 5
      HT was again given i.c.v., and MAP and HR were recorded for 30 minutes.
      Experiment II: Plasma norepinephrine (PNE) was measured before and 2 minutes
      after 5-HT i.c.v. administration. The control sample (1.5 ml) was withdrawn at
      least 30 minutes before the 5-HT injection, and immediately after the blood
      sampling, the same amount of blood which was obtained from the age-matched donor
      rat of the same strain was transfused. RESULTS: Experiment I: Resting MAP was
      136.4 +/- 5.1 mmHg in SHR and 99.1 +/- 3.0 mmHg in WR. I.c.v. administration of 5
      HT elicited consistent pressor response in SHR and in WR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4065389
TI  - The amino acid composition of the proteinaceous component of guar gum (Cyamopsis
      tetragonolobus).
AB  - Guar gum, powdered endosperm from the seeds of the legume Cyamopsis
      tetragonolobus, is a galactomannan which contains 2.5-4.5% of a proteinaceous
      component. Data presented for 11 bulk commercial samples show that the most
      abundant amino acids are glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine and
      alanine, but that their relative proportions vary considerably. The proportions
      of other amino acids, e.g. histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, threonine,
      tyrosine and valine are remarkably constant. There appear to be some correlations
      between viscosity and the glycine, arginine and proline contents. Data for the
      amino acid compositions of several chemical derivatives of a medium-viscosity gum
      guar sample indicate that the proteinaceous component is retained but suffers
      variable modification. The amino acid profile for guar gum differs extensively
      from those for gum arabic and gum karaya; this provides a useful analytical
      supplement to sugar determinations for studies of admixtures of these
      hydrocolloids.

PMID- 4065390
TI  - The amino acid composition of the proteinaceous component of gum tragacanth
      (Asiatic Astragalus spp.).
AB  - Six Iranian and seven Turkish samples of commercial gum tragacanth, and a sample
      of Turkish 'gum traganton', have been studied. Their nitrogen content varied from
      0.17 to 0.58%. Their amino acid compositions are characterized by the presence of
      very large but variable proportions of hydroxyproline and substantial proportions
      of serine, proline and valine. The data presented may be useful for extending the
      current specifications for identity and purity, at present based solely on
      polysaccharide parameters, for gum tragacanth (E413).

PMID- 4065391
TI  - N-Nitrosopyrrolidine formation in bacon.
AB  - Evidence is presented that the likely major amine precursors to N
      nitrosopyrrolidine in cooked bacon are free proline in the adipose tissue and to
      a lesser extent, collagenous connective tissues. A model system in which animal
      lipid is replaced with hydrogenated vegetable oil is described and used in
      investigating the potential role of prolyl derivatives as precursors to N
      nitrosopyrrolidine.

PMID- 4065392
TI  - Ochratoxin A contamination of cereals in an area of high incidence of Balkan
      endemic nephropathy in Bulgaria.
AB  - In an effort to provide further evidence for the hypothesis that a mycotoxin is
      involved in the aetiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy and that the latter is
      associated with the occurrence of urinary system tumours, a survey was made of
      ochratoxin A contamination of cereal samples from an area of Bulgaria where both
      endemic nephropathy and urinary system tumours are prevalent and from non-endemic
      areas. In all, 130 samples of beans, maize and wheat flour were analysed.
      Ochratoxin A levels were 16.7% (25-27 micrograms/kg) in bean samples from the
      endemic area and 7.1% (25-50 micrograms/kg) in those from the control areas: in
      maize samples, the levels were 27.3% (25-35 micrograms/kg) and 9.0% (10-25
      micrograms/kg), respectively.

PMID- 4065394
TI  - [Therapy of psoriasis with combined UVA/UVB irradiation. Trial with a specific
      high intensity phototherapy (SHIP) with metal halogenide radiation instruments].

PMID- 4065393
TI  - Capillary gas chromatographic determination of terbutryn and its degradation
      products in sorghum grain and confirmation of the compounds by mass spectrometry.
AB  - An analytical method with a limit of detection 0.05 mg kg-1 is described for the
      determination of the herbicide terbutryn and its three degradation products, GS
      26575, GS-11355 and GS-26831 in sorghum grains using fused silica capillary gas
      chromatography. Electron impact and methane chemical ionization mass spectra are
      reported to confirm the characterization of the compounds. No residues of these
      chemicals were found in sorghum harvested 14 weeks following terbutryn treatment
      at 0-4.5 kg ha-1.

PMID- 4065395
TI  - [In vitro studies on the effect of linear and angular furocoumarin derivatives on
      the vitality of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes under PUVA therapy].

PMID- 4065396
TI  - [Leucoderma psoriaticum].

PMID- 4065397
TI  - [Short-term treatment of psoriasis vulgaris with dithranol with added urea].

PMID- 4065398
TI  - [Effect of long-term PUVA therapy on phagocytosis of polymorphonuclear
      neutrophilic granulocytes].

PMID- 4065399
TI  - Optimisation of protein synthesis rates in reticulocyte lysates and reconstituted
      systems.
AB  - Means of increasing the very low activity of a reconstituted protein synthesising
      system from rabbit reticulocytes were investigated. Increasing the concentration
      of labelled amino acid, addition of polyamines, use of Sepharose-filtered as
      opposed to centrifuged ribosomes, use of untreated as opposed to gel-filtered
      cytosol and an increase in ratio of cytosol to ribosomes all contributed to the
      increase in activity of the system to the point where activity was clearly
      consistent with initiation taking place. Similar activities could not be attained
      with rat liver cytosol though rat liver ribosomes incorporated well in
      reticulocyte cytosol. Incorporation by lysates was also found to be dependent on
      the concentration of the labelled amino acid added.

PMID- 4065400
TI  - Triacylglycerol lipase in bovine erythrocytes.
AB  - Acid lipase activity was found in the bovine erythrocyte ghosts, but little
      neutral or alkaline lipase activity was observed in the erythrocytes. The
      membrane-bound lipase showed a remarkable activity in the ghosts only after
      hemolysis. The membrane-bound lipase showed its maximum activity at pH 4.5, 38
      degrees C, and it was stable below 40 degrees C. The hydrolysis rate was linear
      with time up to 60 min, and was proportional to the amount of enzyme up to 0.4 mg
      protein. The bound lipase was activated markedly by bovine serum albumin and
      slightly by octyl-glycoside. The lipase was remarkably inhibited by bovine serum.

PMID- 4065401
TI  - Studies on N-acetylneuraminic acid biosynthesis in chicken liver and hepatoma Mc
      29 by using [14C]N-acetylmannosamine and [14C]glucosamine.
AB  - The biosynthesis of free N-acetylneuraminic (sialic) acid (N-acetylneuraminic +
      CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid) in chicken liver and hepatoma Mc-29 by using [14C]N
      acetylmannosamine and [14C]glucosamine was studied in vivo. The specific activity
      (SA) of hepatoma N-acetylneuraminic acid labelled with [14C]glucosamine is lower
      than that of liver, showing that the rate of conversion of UDP-N
      acetylglucosamine to N-acetylneuraminic acid is reduced in tumor cells. The
      biosynthesis rate of sialic acid in hepatoma cells is higher when [14C]N
      acetylmannosamine was applied. The UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-2'-epimerase activity
      was nearly 3-fold lower in hepatoma compared to that in liver. The time course of
      [14C]N-acetylmannosamine incorporation into free and protein bound sialic acid in
      hepatoma and liver was also showed. The SA of hepatoma protein bound sialic acid
      remained lower in all time points investigated. The results agree with the
      assumption that the metabolic pathways leading to sialic acid synthesis and to
      sialylation of tumor glycoconjugates are altered after malignant transformation.

PMID- 4065402
TI  - In vitro age-dependent incorporation of [1-14C]acetate into lipid subclasses in
      rat ventral prostate.
AB  - The [1-14C]acetate incorporation into different lipid subclasses by the rat
      prostate gland was lineal between 20 and 80 mg of wet tissue. The in vitro [1
      14C]acetate incorporation into lipid subclasses was a development-dependent
      process. The highest values of [1-14C]acetate incorporation into
      triacylglycerols, free cholesterol and esterified cholesterol were observed at
      puberty, but radioactivity incorporation into phospholipids was similar in both
      prepuberty and puberty, then decreasing in maturity. The relationship between
      triacylglycerols, free cholesterol and esterified cholesterol with respect to
      total lipids was about 12, 10 and 3.5%, respectively, values being maintained
      during the animal development. The in vitro [1-14C]acetate incorporation into
      lipid subclasses in castrated rats decreased considerably as compared with normal
      rats.

PMID- 4065403
TI  - Differentiation between carrier-bound forms of non-suppressible insulin-like
      activity (NSILA) in serum.
AB  - Gel-permeation chromatography of serum on Sephacryl S-300 at pH 7.4 has shown
      that NSILA was detected over a range of MW 50,000-400,000 with a peak at about MW
      200,000. When fractions from the above chromatography were rechromatographed on
      Sephadex G-75 at pH 2.4 major amounts of acid-stable NSILA were found in a
      fraction of MW 200,000-600,000 (77% of the fraction NSILA or 28% of total serum
      NSILA). Further evidence was obtained for the presence of an active acid
      dissociable complex in serum. This was present in both the MW 100,000-200,000 and
      35,000-100,000 fractions and corresponded to 37% of total serum NSILA. Con-A
      Sepharose affinity chromatography of the serum fractions from Sephacryl S-300
      chromatography, followed by Sephadex G-75 chromatography under acid conditions,
      showed that the acid-stable complex was consistently found in weakly bound
      materials. The active acid-dissociable complex was found in the bound fractions,
      especially in the Sephacryl S-300 pool of MW 35,000-100,000. Low MW NSILA (less
      than 15,000) was also released on acid treatment from an otherwise inactive high
      MW complex(es) of MW 35,000-600,000. This complex was not bound by Con-A
      Sepharose.

PMID- 4065404
TI  - Isoelectric focusing of alkaline phosphatases in agarose gel.
AB  - An isoelectric focusing technique in agarose gel is presented which is suitable
      for alkaline phosphatases from both serum and tissue sources. An anomaly in the
      literature about isoelectric focusing of serum alkaline phosphatase from liver
      origin is discussed and a possible explanation is proposed. The presented
      technique is used to demonstrate some differences in behaviour of serum liver and
      bone isoenzymes towards neuraminidase treatment.

PMID- 4065406
TI  - A permeabilized cell system for studying regulation of aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase: NADPH as rate limiting factor in benzo(a)pyrene metabolism.
AB  - The disadvantage of a whole cell system for studying the metabolism of
      xenobiotics is that some substrates and regulatory molecules do not readily cross
      the cell membrane. The present study describes a technique to permeabilize H-4-II
      E rat hepatoma cells for the study of benzo(a)pyrene metabolism. NADPH is an
      essential cofactor in the in vitro microsomal metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene and
      has been shown by indirect measurement to be a rate limiting factor in mixed
      function oxidase activity in whole liver perfusion systems. The role of NADPH has
      not been directly demonstrated in an intact cell system. Using this permeabilized
      whole cell system it is possible to directly demonstrate that NADPH is rate
      limiting in the mixed function oxidation of benzo(a)pyrene.

PMID- 4065405
TI  - Activities of L-lactate and glycerol phosphate production rates in vitro from
      glucose 6-phosphate in regenerating rat liver.
AB  - Activities of L-lactate and glycerol phosphate production in vitro were assayed
      in regenerating rat liver at different times after partial hepatectomy and were
      compared with activities of sham operated controls. Results show an oscillatory
      shift in these activities with smallest values for both L-lactate and glycerol
      phosphate production rates at 20 hr, these being 80% and 50%, respectively of
      normal values, and with highest values at 42 hr where these rates were 150% and
      125%, respectively, both recovering their original state 60 hr after surgery.
      From these data it is concluded that in regenerating liver there are changes in
      the ability of the glycolysis system to produce L-lactate and glycerol phosphate.

PMID- 4065407
TI  - A comparison of the lipid classes and essential fatty acid content of rat plasma
      lipoproteins and ovary.
AB  - Plasma lipoproteins, prepared from the blood of superovulated rats by
      precipitation with phosphotungstate/Mg2+, were similar to HDL and LDL prepared by
      24 hr centrifugation. Analyses of the fatty acid compositions of the major lipid
      classes in HDL, LDL and ovary revealed that the esterified fatty acids of plasma
      were markedly shorter and more saturated than those of the ovary. Elongation of
      essential fatty acids by ovary may be important in disposing of carbon fragments
      generated by the incomplete oxidation of fatty acids during steroidogenesis. The
      function of HDL and/or LDL in supplying polyunsaturated fatty acids to ovary may
      be more important than their role in delivering cholesterol, which the ovary can
      make.

PMID- 4065408
TI  - The metabolic fate of branched-chain amino acids and 2-oxo acids in rat muscle
      homogenates and diaphragms.
AB  - After incubation of muscle preparations with [U-14C]branched-chain amino acids or
      2-oxo acids, radioactive metabolites were separated, identified and quantified.
      Homogenates of rat heart and skeletal muscle incubated with 4-methyl-2
      oxopentanoate accumulated isovalerate, 3-hydroxyisovalerate and the corresponding
      carnitine esters. Incubation with 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate resulted in the
      production of isobutyrate, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate and their carnitine esters.
      Addition of L-carnitine increased the production of the esters. The enzymes 3
      methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase and 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid dehydrogenase
      apparently are inactive during incubation of muscle homogenates. With liver
      homogenates the degradation of both 2-oxo acids was more complete. Rat
      hemidiaphragms incubated with leucine, valine and isoleucine accumulated the
      corresponding branched-chain 2-oxo acids, fatty acids and hydroxylated fatty
      acids. The degradation of valine was markedly limited by the release of these
      metabolites. Considerable amounts (relatively smaller for valine) of
      radioactivity were also recovered in CO2 and glutamine and glutamate. Incubations
      with branched-chain 2-oxo acids gave the same radioactive products, except for
      glutamine and glutamate. Radioactivity was never found in lactate, pyruvate or
      alanine. These data indicate that the carbon-chains of amino acids entering the
      citric acid cycle in muscle, are not used for oxidation or for alanine synthesis,
      but are converted exclusively to glutamine.

PMID- 4065409
TI  - Covalent bonding of riboflavin homologs by hepatic mitochondrial membrane
      enzymes.
AB  - Radioactive riboflavin and homologs of riboflavin possessing an ethyl group in
      positions 7- or 8-, or both were used to investigate the covalent bonding of the
      flavins. No strict correlation could be found between the location of the ethyl
      group and the activities of the enzymes known to be covalently-bound
      flavoproteins. It is proposed that the widely varying activities of these enzymes
      when utilizing certain homologs is the result of a combination of the abnormal
      flavin coenzyme and the differences in the specificity of the apoenzymes in the
      various tissues.

PMID- 4065410
TI  - The primary structure of avian phosvitins. Contributions through the Edman
      degradation of methylmercaptovitins prepared from the constituent
      phosphoproteins.
AB  - Methylmercaptovitins were prepared from the constituent phosvitin phosphoproteins
      as well as from the CNBr cleavage peptides derived from the methionine-containing
      phosphoproteins. Edman degradation of these methylmercaptovitins has afforded
      partial sequence information and identifies the serine phosphorylation sites in
      the phosphoprotein. Primary structure, determined for approximately seventy-seven
      residues from the amino terminus of the hen methionine-containing phosphoprotein,
      agrees fully with that deduced from recently published nucleotide sequence data,
      and provides corrections to results of earlier work on enzymatically
      dephosphorylated samples. Partial sequence data, together with corrections to
      earlier results, are also provided for phosphoproteins from duck and turkey
      phosvitins, as well as for the methionine-free phosphoprotein from hen phosvitin.
      All phosphoproteins have N-terminal leader sequences of low serine content.
      Sequences of the methionine-containing group are homologous, as are the sequences
      of the methionine-free group, but the groups differ significantly from one
      another. Unphosphorylated sites appear to have a fractional distribution over all
      available serine residues.

PMID- 4065411
TI  - The effect of ethanol or sorbitol on glucose production from pyruvate in isolated
      hepatocytes from 48-hour fasted guinea-pigs.
AB  - Hepatocytes isolated from 48-hour, fasted guinea-pigs were incubated with glucose
      precursors to compare relative rates of glucose production. Glucose production
      from lactate and pyruvate was similar (2.61 vs 3.18 mumol/hr per 100 mg wet
      weight). Glucose production from fructose was greater than that from sorbitol
      (4.68 vs 1.63 mumol/hr per 100 mg wet weight). When ethanol was added to pyruvate
      containing buffer, the flux of pyruvate to glucose and lactate was
      synergistically enhanced (5.28 vs 3.76 and 7.51 vs 2.88 mumol/hr per 100 mg wet
      weight, respectively). When sorbitol was added to buffer containing pyruvate,
      glucose and lactate production were even greater than that seen with ethanol
      (8.32 vs 5.38 and 15.99 vs 7.51 mumol/hr per 100 mg wet weight, respectively).

PMID- 4065412
TI  - Placental transfer of fatty acids.

PMID- 4065413
TI  - Hormonal control of energy metabolism in pregnancy.

PMID- 4065414
TI  - Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and the energetics of pregnancy and lactation
      in rodents.

PMID- 4065415
TI  - 31P nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies on superfused cerebral tissues.

PMID- 4065416
TI  - 1H nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies of muscle metabolism in vivo.

PMID- 4065417
TI  - Perturbations in hepatic energy metabolism.

PMID- 4065418
TI  - Cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism.

PMID- 4065419
TI  - Novel xenobiotic-lipid conjugates.

PMID- 4065420
TI  - The significance of xenobiotic-lipid conjugation.

PMID- 4065421
TI  - Species differences in hepatic peroxisome proliferation.

PMID- 4065422
TI  - Peroxisome proliferation and hepatotoxicity in rodents.

PMID- 4065423
TI  - Characterization of alpha-MSH-induced changes in the phosphorylation of a 53 kDa
      protein in Xenopus melanophores.
AB  - alpha-Melanotropin has been shown to induce specific changes in the degree of
      phosphorylation of a 53 kDa melanophore protein, concomitant with pigment
      dispersion. To further characterize the alpha-MSH-induced changes in 53 kDa
      phosphorylation in melanophores from the ventral tail-fin of Xenopus tadpoles, we
      investigated the concentration and time dependency of the effect. A significant
      increase in 53 kDa phosphorylation was detectable at 5 X 10(-8) M alpha-MSH. The
      maximal increase in 53 kDa phosphorylation was found after an incubation time of
      10-15 min, whereas pigment dispersion was optimal after 60 min. The
      phosphorylated 53 kDa band showed clear cross-reactivity with monoclonal anti
      beta-tubulin, and migrates as a single protein after two-dimensional (2D)
      separation. On a 2D-separation system the 53 kDa protein (IEP 5.1) migrated in
      the acidic tail of purified beta-tubulin. Our data strongly indicate that the 53
      kDa protein is a beta-tubulin-like protein. We suggest that the degree of 53 kDa
      phosphorylation may be an important factor in the regulation of microtubule
      function in melanophores.

PMID- 4065424
TI  - Serum factors affect Na+ pump activity and DNA synthesis in cultured cerebellar
      neural cells.
AB  - In neurone-enriched cultures derived from early postnatal rat cerebellum and
      maintained in serum-free medium, addition of serum (10% FCS) evoked a rapid
      increase in Na+ pump activity (as measured by ouabain-sensitive 86Rb
      accumulation) by activation of a Na+/H+ exchanger. This effect did not occur with
      cultured cerebellar astrocytes. In contrast, exposure to serum increased DNA
      synthesis ([3H]thymidine incorporation) in both cultured cerebellar astrocytes
      and in the neurone-enriched cultures. However, in the latter cultures this effect
      was shown by autoradiography to be due to contaminating astrocytes. Thus, in
      cultured cerebellar neural cells an enhancement of intracellular Na+ accumulation
      by serum factors may not be linked to initiation of DNA synthesis. Furthermore,
      raising intracellular Na+ by ouabain exposure actually decreased neural cellular
      DNA synthesis.

PMID- 4065426
TI  - Social facilitation of eclosion in the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta.
AB  - In colonies of the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, eclosion is facilitated by adult
      workers which strip away and consume the pupal cuticle. This stage-specific
      social interaction involves chemical stimuli which are present at the onset of
      eclosion, concurrent with the initiation of gross movements and separation of the
      pupal cuticle. Fire ant workers retrieved inanimate objects treated with an
      extract of eclosing pupae and placed them in the colony brood chamber with the
      appropriate age group where they were tended by several workers. The facilitation
      of eclosion by adult colony members appears to be an obligatory process in the
      development of this species; pupae denied the aid of adult workers during
      eclosion are unable to remove the pupal cuticle and rapidly succumb.

PMID- 4065425
TI  - Amino acid-dependent inactivation of glucagon-induced System A transport activity
      in cultured rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Hepatocytes isolated from glucagon-treated rats contain stimulated System A
      activity. If these cells are placed in primary culture, the enhanced transport
      decays rapidly provided the culture medium contains substrate amino acids. This
      amino acid-dependent inactivation can be composed of trans-inhibition (protein
      synthesis-independent), repression (protein synthesis-dependent), or both
      depending on the particular substrate tested. Repression was most prominently
      observed with a group of small neutral amino acids that are commonly found in
      proteins. A strong trans-inhibition response was induced by a variety of amino
      acid analogs. Amino acids showing no reactivity with System A produced neither
      trans-inhibition nor repression. Repression of System A activity in culture was
      blocked by inhibitors of both RNA and protein synthesis. In contrast to
      inhibitors of RNA biosynthesis such as actinomycin and alpha-amanitin, inhibitors
      of poly(A) polymerase (cordycepin and adenine-9-beta-D-arabinopyranoside) did not
      prevent the inactivation of the transport activity. These results demonstrate
      that both the stimulation of activity and the turnover of the hepatic System A
      activity are controlled at the transcriptional level.

PMID- 4065427
TI  - Early weaning does not accelerate the expression of nursing-related taste
      aversions.
AB  - Preweanling rat pups do not display an aversion to a flavor conditioned stimulus
      (CS) paired with illness if the CS is presented during the act of suckling. In
      contrast, 20-day-old pups do form such a conditioned taste aversion while
      suckling (Martin & Alberts, 1979). The dissolution of the nursing-related
      "blockade" of toxiphobia correlates with the onset of solid food intake.
      Moreover, prevention of weaning prolongs the blockade; ingestive experience with
      solid food is necessary for the expression of nursing-related taste aversions in
      26-day-old "food naive" pups (Gubernick & Alberts, 1984). The present experiments
      tested the possibility that premature weaning to solid food might accelerate the
      onset of nursing-related toxiphobia. Pups were weaned at 13 days of age and
      ingested only food and water. These prematurely weaned pups received taste
      aversion conditioning while suckling on Day 16, but showed no aversion to the CS
      flavor during a later food test. Thus, conditions that lead to early weaning
      (ingestion of solid food) do not accelerate the onset of taste aversions to
      mother's milk.

PMID- 4065428
TI  - Ontogenesis of learning: VI. Learned and unlearned responses to visual
      stimulation in the infant hooded rat.
AB  - A Pavlovian fear conditioning procedure was used to examine the ontogeny of the
      hooded rats' learned responses to visual stimulation. The data suggests a
      dissociation in the emergence of the processes required to detect visual events
      and those necessary for learning an association between visual stimulation and
      shock. Pups did not condition to a visual conditioned stimulus (CS) paired with a
      shock unconditioned stimulus (US) until they were 17 days old, even though 15-day
      olds were clearly able to detect the visual CS. Although 15-day-olds failed to
      condition to the visual CS, they conditioned successfully when an auditory CS was
      paired with shock. Thus, the 15-day-olds' failure to condition to the visual CS
      was not due to a performance deficit or to a general ineffectiveness of shock as
      an US. These data suggest that the components of the visual system that mediate
      detection and those required for associative learning mature sequentially.

PMID- 4065429
TI  - Cyclic motor activity in the human fetus after midgestation.
AB  - The spontaneous movements of human fetuses were studied longitudinally between 21
      and 41 weeks of gestation. At each age, spectral analysis of the fluctuations in
      fetal movement revealed strong cyclic patterns. The frequency of the dominant
      motor rhythms ranged from .13 to 1.91 cycles per minute. The strength of
      oscillations between .18 and 1.02 cycles per minute increased slightly with
      gestation, but the frequency of the dominant motility cycle, the width of the
      corresponding spectral peak, and the incidence of weaker (usually faster) rhythms
      did not change. Neuromuscular activity is known to serve important developmental
      functions in the embryo and fetus. The ubiquity and relative consistency of
      cyclic motility in the last half of human gestation, and the existence of similar
      periodicity in other species, suggest that the cyclic activation of developing
      motor circuits may possess particular adaptive value.

PMID- 4065430
TI  - Conditioning of an odor aversion in preweanlings with isolation from home nest as
      the unconditioned stimulus.
AB  - Four experiments assessed the acquisition of aversions by preweanling rats to
      odors experienced during isolation from their home-nest environment. Conditioned
      aversion occurred for animals given a second novel odor paired with the home-nest
      environment, depending upon the duration of the odor-isolation pairing. With a
      brief duration of pairing (two pairings of 3 min each) novel odors became more
      preferred when paired with isolation or, to a lesser extent, when paired with
      home. With longer durations of pairing (two pairings of 4 hr each) the odor
      paired with isolation became absolutely aversive, although the odor paired with
      home did not become absolutely preferred. With intermediate durations neither
      aversion nor preference for the odors was substantial. Animals conditioned at
      ages 9, 16, or 23 days postnatal acquired aversions to odors paired with
      isolation, but 30-day-old rats did not.

PMID- 4065431
TI  - Adrenocortical and behavioral responses to limb restraint in human neonates.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted on human neonates examining their behavior and
      adrenocortical activity in response to physical restraint. In both experiments,
      newborns (9 per condition in Experiment I; 10 per condition in Experiment II)
      were tested in one of three conditions: Restraint, which involved strapping
      newborns to a circumstraint board for 20 min; Strapping Control, which involved
      strapping newborns to the board and then immediately taking them off the board
      and returning them to their cribs; and Control, which did not involve any
      restraining manipulation. In Experiment I, blood samples for plasma cortisol
      determination were obtained via heel-stick immediately prior to the assigned
      manipulations and 30 min later. In Experiment II, only the postmanipulation blood
      sample was taken. Two behavioral states, Active Awake and Crying, were examined
      as indices of behavioral distress. In Experiment I, the effects of the blood
      sampling procedure on behavioral distress and plasma cortisol were significant;
      however, no significant effects of restraint were observed. In Experiment II,
      restraint was associated with small but significant increases in behavioral
      distress and in plasma cortisol levels.

PMID- 4065432
TI  - The effect of metabolic control on hemodynamics in short-term insulin-dependent
      diabetic patients.
AB  - Hemodynamics variables (heart rate, arterial blood pressure, cardiac output,
      hepato-splanchnic blood flow, forearm blood flow, and plasma catecholamines) were
      measured during good (median blood glucose 4.7 mmol/L) and poor (median blood
      glucose 16.3 mmol/L) metabolic control in eight young, short-term, insulin
      dependent diabetic patients. The measurements were performed twice within 2 wk,
      in random order. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) was applied for
      1 wk in order to obtain good control. All eight patients had elevated cardiac
      output (median 9%) and forearm blood flow (median 34%) during poor compared with
      good metabolic control, P less than 0.01. In contrast, hepato-splanchnic blood
      flow was lower (median 12%) during poor compared with good metabolic control, P
      less than 0.05. Heart rate remained unchanged, while mean arterial blood pressure
      was slightly higher during poor control, P less than 0.05. Five of six patients
      had elevated plasma noradrenaline concentration during poor metabolic control.
      Due to the small number of patients investigated, no valid conclusion regarding
      the activity of the sympathoadrenal system can be drawn. Our study suggests that
      both increased cardiac output and reduced hepato-splanchnic blood flow
      (redistribution) contribute to the elevated blood flow previously demonstrated in
      various other organs and tissues in diabetic patients during poor metabolic
      control.

PMID- 4065433
TI  - The doctor and the rare disease.

PMID- 4065434
TI  - Effect of gestational age on neurological functioning of the very low-birthweight
      infant at 40 weeks.
AB  - A cohort of 97 very low-birthweight infants who had had prolonged care in two
      neonatal units was identified prospectively and subdivided into three groups
      according to gestational age at birth (23 to 27, 28 to 31 and 32 to 36 weeks).
      The neurological status of the three groups was compared at 40 weeks gestational
      age. The effects of various medical complications also were analyzed by comparing
      the neurological performances at term of nine 'at-risk' fullterm infants with
      'complicated' preterm infants, and 15 'normal' fullterm infants with 'healthy'
      preterm infants. After controlling for medical complications, no significant
      difference in neurological scores was found between the three preterm groups, nor
      between the preterm groups and the 'at-risk' fullterm group. However, 'healthy'
      preterm infants had significantly lower scores than fullterm 'normal' infants.
      Item analyses also showed significant differences between the three preterm
      groups: those with gestations between 23 and 27 weeks were more likely to exhibit
      tremors than the other two groups; and those with gestations of 32 to 36 weeks
      were more likely to have opisthotonic postures, overshooting movements,
      hypertonus and exaggerated responses. While preterm infants in general do not
      differ in neurological functioning from 'at-risk' fullterm infants, they do
      differ significantly from 'normal' fullterm babies. Similarly, some groups of
      infants born too soon exhibit specific neurological features which differentiate
      them from their preterm counterparts.

PMID- 4065435
TI  - Interobserver agreement in the classification of cerebral palsy.
AB  - Interobserver variation in diagnosis is thought to be an important source of bias
      in studies of cerebral palsy. Kappa (kappa) statistics were used as a measure of
      interobserver diagnostic agreement for two case series of 20 children attending
      an institution for the motor handicapped. kappa increased threefold after
      standardisation of diagnostic terms. Sources of diagnostic variation are
      discussed and possibilities and benefits of its further reduction explored.

PMID- 4065436
TI  - Triple arthrodesis for children with spastic cerebral palsy.
AB  - A retrospective review was done of 20 children with spastic cerebral palsy who
      had had a total of 25 triple arthrodeses at Rancho Los Amigos Hospital. The
      average age at the time of surgery was 15.5 years and average follow-up was 4.5
      years. Indications for surgery were progressive deformity (15) and relief of pain
      (five). The deformities was planovalgus (12), equinovalgus (six), equinovarus
      (six) and calcaneovalgus (one). All 13 patients with braces had problems in
      wearing them. Two patients were non-ambulatory preoperatively and remained so
      after fusion. Of the 18 who were ambulatory preoperatively, 15 remained so and
      there was no change in the type of ambulation: the other three stopped
      ambulating. Three children were made independent of braces. It is concluded that
      triple arthrodesis is an excellent procedure for children with spastic cerebral
      palsy, to correct deformity and relieve pain, but it should be done while the
      children are still walking for the best chances of continued ambulation.

PMID- 4065437
TI  - The effects of sex, birth order and admission to a special care baby unit on the
      fear of strangers reaction of infants.
AB  - The fear-of-stranger reaction was studied in 65 babies at seven, eight and nine
      months of age. It was more marked in first-born babies and in girls, and
      developed earlier in girls than boys. The type of response was independent of the
      sex of the stranger. Babies who had been in the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU)
      tended to show less fear of strangers than controls, especially at seven months,
      and whereas later-born control girls were significantly more fearful of strangers
      than later-born control boys, this difference was not apparent in the group who
      had been in the SCBU. It is suggested that the difference is due to later-born
      girls who had been admitted to SCBU receiving relatively more social stimulation
      from their mothers.

PMID- 4065438
TI  - Prognosis for low-birthweight infants up to the age of 14: a population study.
AB  - A birth cohort of 12,058 infants was followed up to 14 years of age. Cerebral
      palsy, epilepsy, severe hearing defects, mental retardation and educational
      subnormality all had a higher incidence among the 411 children with a low
      birthweight (less than 2500 g). 6 per cent of the total cohort had educational
      problems with or without some other neurological handicap, and there was a higher
      prevalence among low-birthweight infants. 1.5 per cent had a handicap but normal
      school performance. Children with birthweight 1500 to 2499 g had a significantly
      higher percentage of handicaps than those of heavier birthweight. All the
      neurological handicaps were more common among boys than girls, but only in mental
      subnormality was there a marked difference. Height at 14 years was significantly
      less among low-birthweight children.

PMID- 4065439
TI  - Brain dysfunction in an adolescent with the neuromuscular form of hexosaminidase
      deficiency.
AB  - A 14-year-old girl of Ashkenazi Jewish background is described who has severe
      deficiency of hexosaminidase A. She presented with slowly progressive motor
      neuron degeneration and was found to have subtle deficiencies on
      neuropsychological testing, abnormal cortical evoked potentials and structural
      abnormalities of the cerebellum on CT scan. This patient extends the reported
      clinical findings for adolescents and suggests the possibility of similar
      abnormalities in others with neuromuscular deterioration.

PMID- 4065440
TI  - Vertebro-basilar thrombosis and involuntary movements.
AB  - There are a number of causes of thrombosis in the vertebro-basilar system, and
      among these are trauma and abnormal movements. This is particularly likely to
      occur if there are anomalies or abnormalities of the spine or arteries. A case is
      reported which suggests that involuntary movements should be included in the
      possible aetiologies.

PMID- 4065441
TI  - Pitfalls in muscle biopsies of hypotonic children.

PMID- 4065442
TI  - Congenital hypothyroidism.

PMID- 4065443
TI  - Are AFOs beneficial?

PMID- 4065444
TI  - Duodenal lactoferrin in patients with chronic pancreatitis and gastrointestinal
      diseases.
AB  - Lactoferrin (LF), chymotrypsin and lipase activity were measured in duodenal
      juice during pancreatic stimulation. Secretin (0.5 CU/kg/h) plus cerulein (75
      ng/kg/h) were infused intravenously in 98 subjects: 33 patients without organic
      diseases (C), 40 patients affected by chronic pancreatitis (CP), and 25 patients
      with different gastrointestinal diseases (GID). LF was determined by means of a
      new noncompetitive immunoenzymatic assay with a sensitivity in the duodenal juice
      of 5 ng/ml. Duodenal LF concentrations were significantly higher in CP than in C
      or GID (p less than 0.001). LF was in a normal range in acute relapsing
      pancreatitis due to biliary stones or pancreas divisum. In the diagnosis of the
      chronic pancreatitis, LF/lipase ratios showed a specificity of 93% and a
      sensitivity of 95%. Our results show that LF immunoassay in duodenal juice is a
      sensitive and accurate assay to apply in pancreatic function tests involving
      duodenal content analysis.

PMID- 4065445
TI  - Zinc absorption in alcoholics using zinc-65.
AB  - Alcoholism is occasionally complicated by zinc deficiency. We have assessed the
      possibility that malabsorption of zinc may be a potential cause. Using a dual
      isotope absorption technique the absorption of 65Zn in 18 alcoholic patients was
      37% (13 +/- SD) and 56% (10 +/- SD) in a normal control group (p less than
      0.001). The mean serum zinc in 55 alcoholic patients was 11.6 mumol/l (3.0 +/-
      SD) and in 36 normal volunteers the mean serum zinc was 13.6 mumol/l (1.8 +/- SD;
      p less than 0.001). This study suggests that chronic alcohol abuse will decrease
      the absorption of zinc and this may contribute towards the zinc deficiency
      occasionally associated with alcoholism.

PMID- 4065446
TI  - Intestinal uptake of nutrients in normal and malnourished animals infected with
      Giardia lamblia.
AB  - The effect of malnutrition on the uptake of nutrients was studied in Swiss albino
      mice infected with Giardia lamblia. The moderate deficiency (8% protein-deficient
      diet) was observed to enhance the uptake of nutrients like glucose and alanine,
      whereas in severely malnourished (3% protein-deficient diet) animals the uptake
      was significantly decreased (p less than 0.001). G. lamblia infection in mice
      decreased the uptake of nutrients and this recovered slightly with the recovery
      of infection. The combined effect of moderate protein deficiency and infection
      lowered the enhanced uptake observed in moderately malnourished animals to a
      significant level (p less than 0.001). In severely malnourished animals,
      infection with G. lamblia showed further deleterious effects on the uptake of
      nutrients.

PMID- 4065447
TI  - Differences between peptic ulcer and control patients on the basis of the
      response to secretin.
AB  - The secretin injection test is considered a useful adjunct to the diagnosis of
      gastrinoma, although it may lack specificity. This study determined whether the
      release of gastrin in response to secretin was different in duodenal ulcer and
      control patients. Tests were performed on 10 duodenal ulcer patients, 10 normal
      control subjects, 20 patients asymptomatic after ulcer surgery, of whom 13 had a
      vagotomy and drainage, 4 a highly selective vagotomy and 3 a vagotomy and
      antrectomy. The secretin test was also performed in 49 patients with
      endoscopically proven recurrent ulcers. The surgery performed in this latter had
      consisted of a vagotomy and drainage in 36, a highly selective vagotomy in 7 and
      a vagotomy and antrectomy in 6 patients. The basal plasma gastrin level was
      similar in normal controls, duodenal ulcer patients and patients with vagotomy
      and antrectomy, both with and without recurrent ulcers. The level was elevated in
      all the other groups of patients with vagotomy both with and without recurrent
      ulcer. The plasma gastrin did not change significantly after secretin injection
      in the normal control or asymptomatic ulcer surgery patients, but rose in the
      duodenal ulcer patients and all the groups of patients with recurrent ulcer. Most
      of these increases were validated statistically as were the differences in
      response between the ulcer and control patients. These results indicate that
      there are differences in the plasma gastrin response to intravenous secretin
      between active duodenal ulcer and control patients. This findings may aid our
      understanding of the pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease and explains the
      lack of specificity of the secretin test.

PMID- 4065448
TI  - Impaired autoregulation of blood flow in subcutaneous tissue of long-term type 1
      (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with microangiopathy: an index of
      arteriolar dysfunction.
AB  - Autoregulation of blood flow in subcutaneous tissue was studied at the level of
      the lateral malleolus in eight long-term Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic
      patients with clinical microangiopathy, eight short-term Type 1 diabetic patients
      without clinical microangiopathy and seven healthy control subjects. Blood flow
      was measured by the local 133Xenon washout technique. Mean arterial blood
      pressure was reduced by a maximum of 23 mmHg by elevating the limb above heart
      level and elevating to a maximum of 70 mmHg by head-up tilt; in the latter
      position venous pressure was kept constant and low by activation of the leg
      muscle vein pump (heel raising). Mean arterial blood pressure was thus varied
      between 60 and 160 mmHg. In normal and short-term diabetic subjects blood flow
      remained within 10% of control values during the changes in arterial blood
      pressure. In six of the eight Type 1 diabetic patients with clinical
      microangiopathy, autoregulation of blood flow was impaired, blood flow changing
      approximately 20% per 10 mmHg change in arterial blood pressure; the slope of the
      autoregulation curves was significantly higher compared with the two control
      groups (p less than 0.02). Resting mean arterial blood pressure was significantly
      elevated in long-term diabetic patients (median: 107 mmHg) compared with short
      term diabetic (median: 85 mmHg) and control subjects (median: 91 mmHg) (p less
      than 0.01 and p less than 0.02, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4065449
TI  - The glomerular hyperfiltration of diabetes is not associated with elevated plasma
      levels of glucagon and growth hormone.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of glucagon, growth hormone and glucose were measured
      hourly during an ordinary treatment day in 11 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic
      patients with high glomerular filtration rate, 11 Type 1 diabetic patients with
      normal glomerular filtration rate matched for age, diabetes duration and sex, and
      five healthy control subjects, simultaneously with the measurement of the
      glomerular filtration rate using 51Cr EDTA clearance. Plasma glucagon profiles
      were not statistically distinguishable (p = 0.49) from control values in either
      group, although they were somewhat lower in the hyperfiltering group. Plasma
      growth hormone values were higher than control (p = 0.07) in both diabetic
      groups, but were not different between these two groups (p = 0.94). All indices
      of glycaemic control (glycosylated haemoglobin, urinary glucose excretion, and
      plasma glucose concentration) were higher in the hyperfiltering group, although
      no single index reached statistical significance. No correlations between
      concentrations of these substances and glomerular filtration rate were found.
      Elevated plasma concentrations of glucagon and growth hormone do not characterise
      those diabetic patients with high glomerular filtration rate.

PMID- 4065450
TI  - Racial differences in incidence of juvenile-onset type 1 diabetes: epidemiologic
      studies in southern California.
AB  - We have studied the epidemiologic characteristics of insulin-dependent (Type 1)
      diabetic patients aged 0-19 in a city (San Diego, southern California, USA)
      characterized by an impressive racial diversity and especially mild and constant
      climatic conditions. Ascertainment was through retrospective review of medical
      records in 19 hospitals. For the 3 years 1978-1981 the mean annual incidence of
      diabetes was 7.3 cases/100,000, with no statistical difference between the sexes.
      The observed incidence rates in the various ethnic groups was significantly
      different from expected (p less than 0.03), with an excess of cases among
      Caucasians and fewer than expected cases among Mexicans, Blacks and Orientals.
      There was no identifiable seasonal trend. Some of the clinical characteristics at
      diagnosis differed between the sexes: males were slightly older (9.3 +/- 5.2
      years versus 8.8 +/- 3.9 for females), had a shorter duration of diabetes-related
      symptoms and a higher frequency of infections both at the time of diabetes
      diagnosis and in preceding months. Females tended to have a higher frequency of
      Type 1 diabetes in first-degree relatives. This study documents for the first
      time that, among multiple racial groups living in the same environment,
      Caucasians are at the highest risk of developing juvenile-onset Type 1 diabetes.

PMID- 4065452
TI  - Islet cell antibodies in the Japanese population and subjects with type 1
      (insulin-dependent) diabetes.
AB  - Islet cell antibodies were studied in 1,112 non-diabetic adults, 473 normal
      school children and 162 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients in a
      Japanese population. The prevalence of islet cell antibodies was 0.5%, 0.4% and
      32%, respectively. Most islet cell antibodies positive subjects with Type 1
      diabetes had short duration of the disease. No patients who had over 10 years
      from the onset had islet cell antibodies. Six non-diabetic adults with islet cell
      antibodies were followed for 4 years. Only one with Hashimoto's thyroiditis
      showed a diabetic pattern in her oral glucose tolerance test. However, none
      developed overt insulin-dependent diabetes until 1984. Two out of these six
      subjects continued to be positive for both islet cell antibodies and antithyroid
      antibodies or antinuclear antibodies. Islet cell antibodies in the remaining four
      patients disappeared during the second year. It is difficult to predict the onset
      of Type 1 diabetes by islet cell antibodies in non-diabetic individuals because
      they may be transient.

PMID- 4065451
TI  - Alterations in alanine metabolism in diabetic dogs during short-term treatment
      with an artificial B cell.
AB  - The flux rates of plasma glucose and alanine were studied isotopically (6-3H
      glucose and U-14C-alanine simultaneously) in resting chronically diabetic dogs
      during short-term treatment with an artificial B cell where the insulin was
      infused into a peripheral vein. Despite perfect blood glucose control and normal
      glucose flux rates, the concentration and rates of appearance and disappearance
      of alanine were significantly elevated in the diabetic animals before, during and
      after an exogenous glucose load. The incorporation of the carbon moiety of
      alanine into circulating glucose was also increased, but diminished to a near
      normal extent when exogenous glucose was given. The plasma clearance rates for
      alanine in the diabetic dogs were normal throughout the study. It is concluded
      that normal blood glucose control in diabetes does not necessarily mean
      normalization of the entire metabolic network. On the basis of peripheral
      hyperinsulinaemia alanine formation from glucose and branched chain amino acids
      is elevated in muscle. This may explain increased flux of alanine despite normal
      blood glucose control.

PMID- 4065453
TI  - Thermal stability of collagen in relation to non-enzymatic glycosylation and
      browning in vitro.
AB  - Thermal stability measured by isometric contraction-relaxation force was examined
      in rat tail tendons after incubation in vitro in glucose or
      hydroxymethylfurfurale solutions at pH 7.4 using buffer systems of either
      phosphate or tris (hydroxymethyl)aminomethan. In the phosphate system, incubation
      with glucose (170 mmol/l) for 12 days was found to increase the thermal stability
      of the tendons by a factor 3. At the same time, glucose was found to be attached
      to the lysine and hydroxylysine residues of collagen, and reactive carbonyl
      compounds were formed in the solution. In the tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethan
      system containing reactive amino groups (pK 8.1), glucose was also attached to
      the lysine and hydroxylysine residues, but only very small amounts of reactive
      carbonyl compounds were formed in the solutions and no changes in thermal
      stability were recorded. Incubation with hydroxymethylfurfurale itself was found
      to increase the thermal stability rapidly and markedly in the phosphate buffer
      systems. This effect was inhibited when the tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethan buffer
      system was used. Buffer solutions with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethan, containing
      large amounts of free amino groups compared to the free amino groups of collagen,
      might interfere with the formation of cross-links formed by carbonyl groups
      derived from metabolic glucose and amino groups of collagen. The non-enzymatic
      glycosylation of lysine and hydroxylysine itself does not influence the thermal
      stability. Additional reactions appeared to be transformation into reactive
      carbonyl compounds, such as hydroxymethylfurfurale, with subsequent formation of
      thermally stable cross-links between the collagen molecules.

PMID- 4065454
TI  - Heterogeneity in tropical pancreatic diabetes.

PMID- 4065455
TI  - Prevalence of small vessel and large vessel disease in diabetic patients from 14
      centres. The World Health Organisation Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in
      Diabetics. Diabetes Drafting Group.
AB  - A total of 6695 diabetic men and women, aged 35 to 54 years, from 14 centres and
      representing 13 national groups, participated in a vascular disease prevalence
      survey. A random sample was drawn after stratification of each centre's diabetic
      base population by sex, duration of diabetes and age. A common agreed protocol,
      standardized examination procedures, and centralized laboratory methods were used
      in the investigation. Within the age range examined there was considerable
      variation between centres in a number of variables, including degree of obesity
      (measured as Body Mass Index (BMI)), proportion treated with insulin and
      proportion of cigarette smokers. The latter also showed considerable sex
      differences within centres. Subjects with age at onset below 25 years were
      notably few in Hong Kong, Tokyo and Oklahoma. There was also considerable
      variation in the apparent prevalence of both large- and small-vessel
      (macrovascular and microvascular) disease between centres. In pooled data,
      measures of large-vessel disease were significantly and independently associated
      with age, blood pressure and BMI in both sexes, and with diabetes duration and
      plasma cholesterol in men only. Within-centre analyses showed blood pressure to
      be the most consistently associated variable in both sexes. In pooled data, small
      vessel disease of the eye was significantly and independently associated with
      diabetes duration, blood pressure, BMI and type of treatment in both sexes. In
      within-centre analyses, diabetes duration was the most consistently associated
      variable, followed by blood pressure. Proteinuria as an index of small-vessel
      disease of the kidney was, in pooled data, significantly and independently
      correlated with diabetes duration, blood pressure and plasma cholesterol in both
      sexes. In within-centre analyses, blood pressure was the most consistently
      associated variable, with diabetes duration and plasma cholesterol equal second -
      significant in 12 of the 28 centre/sex groups. Heterogeneity of large-vessel
      disease prevalence in diabetic subjects is confirmed by this study, and the
      possibility of heterogeneity in small-vessel disease prevalence and severity is
      suggested.

PMID- 4065456
TI  - The role of glutathione in toxicology of metals. Introduction.

PMID- 4065457
TI  - Role of sulfhydryls in the hepatotoxicity of organic and metallic compounds.
AB  - Endogenous sulfhydryl compounds serve a critical role in maintaining the function
      and viability of living systems. Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant of these
      nonprotein thiols. During the past decade it has been demonstrated that
      sulfhydryls such as GSH also serve an important role in protecting vital
      nucleophilic sites in the liver from electrophilic attack by numerous classes of
      reactive chemicals. Organocompounds such as bromobenzene and acetaminophen which
      undergo microsomal metabolism yield reactive intermediates that are specifically
      inactivated by conjugation with sulfhydryls in the form of GSH. Thus, for
      organocompounds GSH is extremely important in protecting against toxic insults.
      More recently, other sulfhydryl compounds also have been found to serve a
      specific but as yet less defined role in protecting biological systems against
      chemically induced injury. Metals such as cadmium have a high affinity for
      sulfhydryls and the metal binding protein metallothionein binds cadmium with high
      affinity. The highly specific association of the metal with this sulfhydryl
      enriched protein serves to effectively sequester the reactive cadmium ion. The
      central role of sulfhydryl equivalents in the detoxication of organo- and
      metallocompounds is similar; however, the mechanism by which this is achieved is
      fundamentally different.

PMID- 4065458
TI  - Biliary secretion of glutathione and of glutathione-metal complexes.
AB  - As bile is the main route of elimination of many metals, a large number of
      studies have been directed toward the characterization of the hepatobiliary
      transport of both endogenous and exogenous metals. Although some progress has
      been made, we still know little of the basic mechanisms involved in the
      hepatocellular uptake of metals, in their intracellular translocation and
      metabolism, or in their transport into bile. Our recent studies have focused on
      the last step in the hepatobiliary transport of mercury, namely, the secretion of
      the metal from liver cells into bile. The rate of secretion of methyl and
      inorganic mercury into bile was low in suckling rats and rapidly increased to
      adult rates soon after weaning. These changes closely followed similar
      developmental changes in the biliary secretion of reduced glutathione (GSH). When
      GSH secretion into bile was completely inhibited, without changing hepatic levels
      of GSH or mercury, mercury secretion was also completely blocked. Mercury
      secretion paralleled individual and sex-related differences in GSH secretion. At
      the same time, the secretion of mercury was independent of bile flow, of the
      thiol and mercury concentration gradients between bile and liver cells, and of
      those between bile and plasma. Our results, therefore, indicate a close coupling
      between the secretion of mercury and that of GSH. These in vivo findings, along
      with in vitro studies by others in vesicles isolated from the canalicular
      membrane of the liver cell, indicate a carrier-mediated transport system for GSH,
      but the nature of the linkage of this transport system with mercury secretion is
      not yet fully established. Our data and those in the literature are consistent
      with the involvement of at least two steps in the movement of mercury from liver
      cells to bile--the formation of a mercury-glutathione complex in the liver cell,
      followed by the secretion of this complex through a process closely linked to GSH
      secretion. The identification of GSH as an endogenous complexing agent in the
      transport of metals between tissues and body fluids now permits the design of
      therapeutic strategies aimed at exploiting this transport vehicle to effect the
      removal of metals via physiological routes of excretion. The present discussion
      considers the role of GSH in the hepatobiliary transport of metals. In doing so,
      a brief review is given of current understanding of hepatic GSH metabolism and
      transport.

PMID- 4065459
TI  - Renal glutathione and mercury uptake by kidney.
AB  - The kidney is well documented as the target organ for mercuric ion. Mechanisms by
      which this ion accumulates in renal tissue, however, are less well understood.
      Sulfhydryl groups in renal tissue might well bind this metal and serve as a sink
      for its accumulation. Various studies have indicated that both methyl mercury as
      well as mercuric ion are accumulated less by renal tissue after depletion of
      nonprotein sulfhydryl groups. A similar reduction in hepatic accumulation of
      mercuric ion or methyl mercury does not occur after nonprotein sulfhydryl
      depletion. This observation may relate to the higher tissue content of nonprotein
      sulfhydryls in liver than kidney or to a fundamentally different mechanism of
      metal uptake. Mercuric ion accumulation by renal tissue also can be reduced by
      ureteral occlusion, a reduction that is less than that for inulin in comparable
      experiments. These data are complex and do not clearly establish a role for
      filtration in the delivery of mercury to the kidney. Inhibition of the renal
      enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) results in a marked increase in
      the excretion of both glutathione and mercury in the urine. Although there is a
      tendency for kidneys of the gamma-GT-inhibited animals to contain less mercury
      than controls, the change in renal content was not significant. These
      observations suggest that gamma-GT may have a role in the reabsorption of mercury
      from the tubular lumen. Interestingly, both mercuric chloride-induced mortality
      and effects on renal slice accumulation of organic ions were enhanced in the
      presence of nonprotein sulfhydryl depletion caused both by immediate depletion of
      the glutathione pool and by inhibition of its synthesis.

PMID- 4065460
TI  - Oncogenic evaluation of tetrachlorvinphos in the B6C3F1 mouse.
AB  - Groups of 80 male and 80 female B6C3F1 mice were fed diets containing 17.5, 64,
      320, 1600, 8000, and 16000 ppm tetrachlorvinphos (TCVP) for up to 103 weeks.
      Another group of 80 male and 80 female mice were fed TCVP (16000 ppm) that was
      used in a previous bioassay. One hundred-sixty male and 160 female mice served as
      the control group. Ten treated and 20 control mice/sex/group were killed at 6,
      12, and 18 months. It was estimated that the study maximum-tolerated dose was
      exceeded by three- and sixfold in the 8000- and 16000-ppm dose groups,
      respectively. Consequently, these exposures produced excessive cytotoxicity and
      regenerative changes in the liver and kidneys which were associated with sex
      hormonal imbalance and metabolic overload in liver. A significant decrease (15
      40%) in body weight was observed in mice fed 8000 and 16000 ppm TCVP. These
      treated mice did not gain weight during the study. Reduced food consumption and
      caloric intake throughout the study were probably responsible for the increased
      survival and the decreased incidence of spontaneous neoplasia in mice fed 8000
      and 16000 ppm TCVP. Classification of pathologic lesions observed in these high
      dose groups differed among study and consulting pathologists. The consultant and
      Shell pathologists concluded that the liver and kidney changes were causally
      related to excessive toxicity which was manifest primarily by hepatocellular
      hyperplasia and renal tubular adenoma. Study pathologist in accordance with his
      classification found statistically significant increases in hepatocellular
      carcinoma, hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma, and renal tubular carcinoma in
      male mice fed 16000 ppm TCVP. The incidence of hepatic neoplasms as evaluated by
      the study pathologist in female mice fed 8000 and 16000 ppm TCVP although
      statistically significant was of questionable biologic significance when compared
      with historical female controls. The only statistically significant finding
      observed by the consulting pathologist was an increased incidence of renal
      tubular adenoma and renal tubular adenoma or carcinoma in male mice fed 16000 ppm
      TCVP. Use of results from these high-dose groups is contraindicated due to the
      many compromising factors affecting mice fed 8000 and 16000 ppm TCVP. TCVP was
      found not to be oncogenic in B6C3F1 mice at dose levels not exceeding the maximum
      tolerated dose.

PMID- 4065461
TI  - Chronic toxicity and three-generation reproduction study of styrene monomer in
      the drinking water of rats.
AB  - Chronic toxicity and reproductive performance were evaluated in groups of rats
      receiving styrene monomer in their drinking water at nominal concentrations of 0,
      125, or 250 ppm. Fifty male and 70 female rats in each test group and 76 males
      and 104 females in the control group were placed on a 2-year study and followed
      for observations of general health which included measurement of body weight,
      food and water consumption, hemograms, clinical chemistries, urinalysis, and
      histopathological examination. Ten males and 20 females from each group in the
      study were mated to produce F1 pups. These pups were subsequently mated to
      produce three generations of offspring, all maintained on styrene-treated
      drinking water. For each generation, the following were evaluated: fertility,
      litter size, pup viability, pup survival, sex ratio, pup body weight, weanling
      liver and kidney weight, and marrow cytogenetics. Except for a statistically
      significant reduction in water consumption for styrene-treated rats, no treatment
      related changes, including mortality patterns, were reported for animals in the
      chronic study. The data evaluated for reproductive performance also showed no
      evidence of styrene-related changes. It was concluded that the administration of
      styrene in the drinking water of rats for 2 years produced no deleterious dose
      related effects or decrements in reproductive performance.

PMID- 4065462
TI  - Experimental T-2 toxicosis in swine. II. Effect of intravascular T-2 toxin on
      serum enzymes and biochemistry, blood coagulation, and hematology.
AB  - T-2 toxin was given as a single intravascular dose at either 0.6 or 4.8 mg/kg to
      different groups of 50-kg female swine. Blood samples were taken at hourly
      intervals for determination of concentrations or activities of the following
      substances in serum or plasma: creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, inorganic
      phosphorus, total calcium, ultrafilterable calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium,
      chloride, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, glucose, alkaline phosphatase,
      aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin. Coagulation analyses included
      prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, activated coagulation time, and
      fibrin degradation products. Red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet
      counts, hemoglobin concentrations, and hematocrits were determined from whole
      blood samples. An initial leukocytosis was followed by a leukopenia. The numbers
      of red cells, the hemoglobin concentration, and the hematocrit were increased.
      Nucleated red blood cells were seen in the blood smears. The serum concentration
      of bound calcium decreased, while phosphorus, magnesium, and potassium increased.
      Clinical screening tests detected no evidence of a coagulopathy in swine given T
      2 toxin intravascularly.

PMID- 4065463
TI  - Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of gentian violet in mice.
AB  - Gentian violet is a dye belonging to a chemical class known as the di- and
      triaminophenylmethanes. Although it has been used for many years for the control
      of fungal and intestinal parasites, for various uses in veterinary medicine, and
      as an additive to the feed of chickens to inhibit propagation of mold and fungus,
      very few long-term toxicity data are available. A life span dosing study of
      gentian violet in the diet of 720 males and 720 females of B6C3F1 mice (C57BL/6 X
      C3H) at dose levels of 0, 100, 300, and 600 ppm was done to determine its
      toxicity and carcinogenicity. Sacrifices were conducted after 12, 18, and 24
      months of continuous dosing. There was no effect on food consumption or body
      weight gain; however, a dose effect was noted for mortality rates. Mortality
      (adjusted for sacrifices) in the controls of both sexes was less than 15% at 24
      months, but was approximately 64% in the females and 23% in the males given the
      high dose. Females appeared to be more susceptible than males. A positive dose
      response for hepatocellular carcinoma was noted in males at 24 months and in
      females at 18 and 24 months. Statistical tests for dose-related trends with
      respect to mortality due to liver neoplasms, prevalence of liver neoplasms, and
      time to onset of liver neoplasms showed positive trends in both males and
      females. Other dose-related toxicological responses, particularly in the female
      mice, included erythropoiesis in the spleen, atrophy of the ovaries, adenoma of
      the Harderian gland, and the presence of type A reticulum cell sarcomas in the
      urinary bladder, uterus, ovaries, and vagina. The estimation of risk of 10(-6)
      over background for malignant liver neoplasms using linear extrapolations showed
      a lower bound on the virtually safe dose (VSD) to be 2 ppb for the female mice
      and 1 ppb for the male mice. For benign and malignant liver tumors together, the
      lower bound on the VSD was essentially the same as for malignant liver neoplasm
      alone. Under the conditions of the experiment described above, gentian violet
      appears to be a carcinogen in mice at several different organ sites.

PMID- 4065464
TI  - Neurophysiological consequences of acute exposure to methylpyridines.
AB  - A series of neurophysiological tests was performed on Long-Evans hooded rats
      treated with either 2-, 3-, or 4-methylpyridine at dosages of 100 mg/kg,
      approximately one-half the ip LD50. The tests contained measures of sensory
      function (paired pulse flash evoked potentials, pattern reversal evoked
      potentials, and brainstem auditory evoked responses) and cerebral excitability
      (pentylenetetrazol seizures and hippocampal afterdischarges). In general, rats
      treated with 2- and 3-methylpyridine were more affected than those treated with 4
      methylpyridine. The changes observed were in many ways similar to those seen
      following administration of depressant compounds: increased latency of evoked
      potentials and increased latency to PTZ seizures. Not all findings, however, were
      consistent with previously observed patterns of central nervous system
      depression.

PMID- 4065465
TI  - Aminoglycoside-induced biphasic hindlimb paralysis in the rat: a histological and
      electrophysiological assessment.
AB  - The intrathecal injection of gentamicin into a human patient with gram-negative
      bacterial meningitis as well as its intracisternal injection into rabbits caused
      spongy-like lesions in the gray matter and tetraplegia in rabbits. To
      characterize this neurotoxic effect, gentamicin was injected into the
      subarachnoid space of the lumbar spinal cord of the rat. A biphasic hindlimb
      paralysis ensued which consisted at first of a transient flaccid paralysis
      lasting 1 to 5 hr followed by a permanent flaccid paralysis which developed after
      24 to 36 hr. The initial paralysis occurred simultaneously with the transient
      loss of reflex transmission through the cord but in the absence of lesions in the
      spinal cord or physiological alterations of neuromuscular transmission and muscle
      contraction. The onset of the second phase of paralysis occurred concomitant with
      changes in reflex transmission and appearance of lesions. Loss of neuromuscular
      transmission and appearance of signs of denervation (e.g., depolarization,
      alteration in action potential parameters, and chemosensitivity) appeared after
      the second phase of paralysis was established. Both the initial transient and
      late permanent paralysis originated in the spinal cord. The early transient
      paralysis appears to be due to a central block of transmission while the late
      paralysis apparently resulted from neuronal damage. The neurotoxic effects of
      aminoglycosides on neuronal elements in the spinal cord resulted in secondary
      effects (signs of denervation) in hindlimb muscles.

PMID- 4065466
TI  - Teratologic evaluation of dinitrotoluene in the Fischer 344 rat.
AB  - Technical grade dinitrotoluene (DNT) was administered by gavage (po) to timed
      pregnant Fischer 344 rats on Gestational Days (gd) 7 through 20. Mortality rates
      for the DNT (14, 35, 37.5, 75, 100, or 150 mg/kg/day) groups were 4.5, 7.7, 0.0,
      0.0, 4.3, and 46.2% of treated females, respectively. No deaths occurred in the
      positive control (hydroxyurea, 200 mg/kg/day) or vehicle control (corn oil)
      groups. At sacrifice on gd 20, the hematological profile for dams in the 100
      mg/kg/day group exhibited characteristic signs of DNT toxicity. Treatment-related
      increases in maternal relative liver and spleen weight (% body weight), and a
      dose-related decrease in absolute maternal weight gain during gestation (i.e.,
      minus gravid uterine weight) were observed across all DNT groups. A notable
      increase in prenatal mortality occurred at the high dose (16.8% resorptions or
      late fetal deaths per litter for controls vs 49.6% for DNT), but but did not
      reach statistical significance. No statistically significant effects on fetal
      growth or morphological development as a result of DNT treatment were observed.
      Hydroxyurea produced mild hematoxicity in dams and fetuses. Effects of
      hydroxyurea on fetal growth and morphological development included decreased
      fetal body weight and crown-rump length, and an increased percentage of malformed
      fetuses (30% per litter). In conclusion, DNT was not found to be teratogenic
      following oral administration to Fischer 344 rats; embryo/fetal toxicity was
      observed only at a dose which also produced 46.2% maternal mortality.

PMID- 4065467
TI  - Skin and mucous membrane ulceration in beagle dogs following oral dosing with an
      experimental aminoglycoside antibiotic.
AB  - G-418 is a unique aminoglycoside antibiotic that is structurally related to
      gentamicin; however, unlike gentamicin, G-418 inhibits growth of both procaryotic
      and eucaryotic cells. In a preliminary acute oral safety study, adult male and
      female beagles were given a single oral dose of either 2000, 1000, 500, 200, or
      50 mg/kg of G-418. Ulceration of the lip, tongue, and/or gingiva occurred in all
      G-418-dosed dogs 1 to 9 days after dosing. Ulceration of the glans penis, penis
      sheath, and scrotum occurred 7 to 14 days after a single oral dose with 1000 and
      500 mg/kg G-418, and ulceration of the vaginal mucosa of the 2000-, 1000-, 500-,
      and 50-mg/kg-dosed female dogs occurred 2 to 8 days after dosing. Ulcers of the
      lip and vaginal area began at the mucocutaneous border and were more severe at
      these borders. In some dogs a yellow membrane formed over these lesions.
      Ulceration of the oral and vaginal mucosa disappeared 10 days after the first
      occurrence and reoccurred 3-7 days later. All ulcers healed within 30 days after
      the single oral dose; however, at necropsy hemorhagic areas of the urinary
      bladder were observed in at least one of two dogs at each dose level. Similar
      lesions have not been reported in animals treated with any other aminoglycoside
      antibiotics. The etiology of these lesions is unknown.

PMID- 4065468
TI  - Effects of methotrexate on intestinal transit in rats.
AB  - A study was designed to determine the effects of methotrexate (MTX) on rat
      intestinal transit. Adult male rats were implanted with indwelling cannulas in
      the proximal duodenum 5 to 7 days prior to experimentation. After recovery from
      surgery, groups of animals were treated with either saline (1.0 ml/kg/day) or MTX
      at 0.5, 1.25, 3.125, or 7.8 mg/kg/day (ip) for 3 consecutive days (Days 1-3). On
      each of the next 5 consecutive days (Days 4-8) weight and intestinal transit
      determinations were made in animals from each test group following a 24-hr fast.
      Intestinal transit was determined by measuring the progression of an
      intraduodenally administered bolus of radioactive chromium (Na2(51)CrO4, 0.5 mu
      Ci) through the small intestine. When compared with saline-treated controls,
      intestinal transit was significantly (p less than 0.05) increased on 1 or more of
      the 5 test days in animals treated with doses of MTX greater than 0.5 mg/kg/day.
      When compared with animals treated with saline, animals treated with MTX lost a
      greater percentage of their initial body weight after the fast period. Plasma
      concentrations of MTX, determined at various time intervals after 3.125 mg/kg
      given daily for 1 to 3 consecutive days, peaked at 15 and 30 min after each
      injection and diminished to undetectable levels after 4 hr. The results indicate
      that 3 days of parenteral therapy with MTX significantly increases rat intestinal
      transit. The intestinal effects appear to be transient and are proportional to
      the total dose of drug administered over the 3-day period. The intestinal effects
      of MTX occur from 1 to several days after peak plasma concentrations of drug and
      are associated with a reduced ability to sustain body weight after a 24-hr fast.

PMID- 4065469
TI  - Effect of vapor concentration on the disposition of inhaled 2,3-dichloropropene
      in Fischer-344 rats.
AB  - 2,3-Dichloropropene (DCP) is an intermediate used in the manufacture of carbamate
      herbicides and there is potential for human exposure during the manufacturing
      process. DCP is a known mutagen in bacteria systems and some structural analogs
      of DCP are carcinogenic. Since little is known about the disposition of DCP in
      animals after inhalation, studies were conducted in male Fischer-344 rats to
      determine the effect of vapor concentration on absorption and excretion. Uptake
      and elimination of 14C was studied in rats after nose-only inhalation of 17, 240,
      or 1650 nmol of [14C]DCP vapor/liter of air (0.4, 6, or 40 ppm, respectively, at
      760 mm and 25 degrees C) for 6 hr. The percentage of inhaled DCP absorbed
      averaged 38% and was not statistically different at any vapor concentration,
      although minute volume was lower during exposure to 1650 nmol/liter. Urine,
      feces, and expired air were collected from rats for 65 hr after exposure. Rats
      were sacrificed and tissues, carcass, excreta, and expired air were analyzed for
      14C. Routes of 14C excretion were independent of vapor concentration, with 50% of
      the 14C excreted in urine, 13% in feces, approximately 7% as CO2, and less than
      1% as DCP in expired air. Rates of 14C excretion were also independent of vapor
      concentration, with the half-times averaging 9.9 hr (urine), 13.6 hr (feces), and
      0.9 hr (14CO2). Sixty hours after inhalation, 29% of the initial body burden of
      14C remained in the carcass. Most was associated with the pelt, but some 14C was
      found in all tissues. Respiratory tract, GI tract, liver, and kidney were tissues
      with the highest 14C contents. The results indicate that DCP metabolism and
      excretion rates are relatively constant throughout the vapor concentration range
      studied. This suggests that results from more detailed pharmacokinetic studies
      (and possibly toxicity studies) at one DCP concentration may be extrapolated to
      other concentrations within this range.

PMID- 4065470
TI  - [Effect of pantethine therapy in chronic uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis
      with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia].

PMID- 4065472
TI  - [Myocardial ischemia induced by the cold pressor test in patients with exertion
      angina. Case contribution].
AB  - The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence of myocardial ischemia
      during cold pressor test in patients with stable exertional angina pectoris.
      Thirty-seven patients with proven coronary artery disease were submitted to cold
      pressor and exercise stress testing; computer assisted electrocardiographic
      recordings were obtained throughout the examinations. Cold stimulation provoked
      electrocardiographic signs of subendocardial ischemia only in 3 patients. They
      had suffered of a previous myocardial infarction and showed low exercise
      tolerance and severe coronary lesions (one with triple vessel and 2 with left
      main disease). Interestingly, only one of these patients gave an history of
      angina during cold exposure. Thus these data indicate that chest pain and
      electrocardiographic signs of ischemia are an uncommon event during cold pressor
      stimulation which occurs more likely in patients with fairly severe coronary
      narrowings. More sensitive markers of ischemia and/or different modalities of
      cold application are required for studies concerning the relationship between
      cold exposure and angina pectoris.

PMID- 4065471
TI  - [Research on the prevalence of bronchopneumopathies in the Val di Nievole].

PMID- 4065473
TI  - [Psychological effects in the drug treatment of arterial hypertension. A study
      during a community preventive program].
AB  - The possibility that antihypertensive drug treatment may induce neurotic symptoms
      was investigated in a random sample of 114 hypertensives enrolled in an
      "Hypertension Register" by means of the Kellner and Sheffield Symptom Rating Test
      (S.R.T.). Of them 73 were on antihypertensive treatment; 41 untreated subjects
      constituted the control group. Covariance analysis adjusting for age and
      diastolic blood pressure was used as a statistical test. The comparison between
      treated and not treated hypertensive subjects did not show any significant
      difference either for total S.R.T. score (12.6 vs 10.6 in M, 11.6 vs 14.6 in F),
      or for the partial scores of anxiety (3.5 vs 3.0 in M, 3.1 vs 3.4 in F),
      depression (2.4 vs 2.2 in M, 2.7 vs 3.5 in F), somatization (4.2 vs 3.2 in M, 3.9
      vs 5.6 in F), inadequacy (2.4 vs 2.1 in M, 1.9 vs 2.1 in F). Taking into account
      the total group (M + F) of treated hypertensives, no significant differences were
      observed between different treatments (reserpine, alphamethyldopa, clonidine;
      beta-blockers, diuretics). However beta-blockers and clonidine showed the highest
      scores for total S.R.T. score (17.3 and 13.2 respectively). The study suggests
      that the antihypertensive drugs taken into consideration, at least at the given
      regime, do not induce such psychological side effects as to prevent them being
      used in a programme of secondary prevention of hypertension.

PMID- 4065474
TI  - [Measurement in psychology].

PMID- 4065475
TI  - [Risk factors between blood cholesterol and coronary disease].
AB  - Some risk functions are presented linking serum cholesterol to the development of
      coronary heart disease. They are produced from epidemiological studies on Italian
      population samples made of men aged 40-59 at entry and followed up to 20 years.
      The purpose is to provide a simple tool for the estimation of the expected risk
      and of that depending on changes of the risk factor.

PMID- 4065476
TI  - [Spontaneous echocontrastography. Analysis of 50 cases, review of the literature
      and a proposal for its classification].
AB  - Spontaneous echocontrastographic effect (SEE) is sometimes detected in cardiac
      chambers. In order to propose a classification of the phenomenon we reviewed our
      series of 50 patients with SEE. We detected three type of SEE: type I, II, III.
      Type I was characterized by the presence of low amplitude echoes with slow and
      irregular motion in a cardiac chamber, in some cases the cloud of echoes had not
      defined borders (type IA), in other cases the cloud had well defined borders and
      was attached to a mural thrombus (type IB). Type II was characterized by the
      presence of echoes moving quickly across the mitral valve toward the left
      ventricle apex. Lastly, type III was characterized by the presence of
      microbubbles slowly and chaotically moving in right cardiac chambers. Type I SEE
      was detected only in patients with clinical conditions (mitral stenosis,
      congestive cardiomyopathies) characterized by slow intracardiac flow; type II was
      detected in 3 patients with mitral prosthesis, in 3 with constrictive
      pericarditis and 1 with severe aortic insufficiency. Lastly, type III was
      detected in 5 patients with tricuspid insufficiency.

PMID- 4065478
TI  - [Significance of the prenatal diagnosis of cardiac abnormalities].

PMID- 4065477
TI  - [Fetal echocardiography: diagnosis of congenital cardiomyopathies in a population
      at risk].
AB  - 2-Dimensional and M-mode Echocardiography were performed in 142 fetuses at
      specific risk for congenital heart disease between 16 and 40 weeks of gestational
      age. In 105 cases the diagnosis was checked at delivery; prevalence of cardiac
      malformations was 5.7%. In 5 cases out of 7 the malformation was correctly
      diagnosed at Echocardiographic examination: ectopia cordis of thoracic type with
      tetralogy of Fallot, ectopia cordis of abdominal type with normal intracardiac
      anatomy, atrio-ventricular canal, left atrial membrane, single heart in jointed
      twins. There were 3 diagnostic errors: two false negative (a case of pulmonary
      atresia and a case of univentricular heart) and one false positive (a case of
      suspected transposition of the great vessels in a normal heart). The sensitivity
      of the test was 71.4%, the specificity was 98.9%, the predictive value of the
      positive test was 83.3%. M-mode Echo was particularly useful in cases of
      arrhythmias. 3 cases of benign rhythm disorders were identified: 2 cases of
      conducted and blocked atrial ectopic beats and one case of transient 2:1 A-V
      block. In 5 cases there was a wide variability of the sinus rhythm. 2-D
      Echocardiogram seems a reliable method for the diagnosis of fetal heart diseases
      in a population at risk. Its clinical usefulness to guide therapeutic decisions
      in our population was limited by the coexistence of multiple malformations.

PMID- 4065480
TI  - [Ethical problems in cardiology].

PMID- 4065481
TI  - [Methodologic aspects of clinical research].

PMID- 4065479
TI  - [Methods of determination of stroke volume from M-mode echocardiogram of the
      aortic valve and aortic root. A comparative evaluation].
AB  - The purpose of this study is to evaluate four methods of determining left
      ventricular stroke volume (SV) from aortic valve (AV) and aortic root (AR) M-mode
      echocardiogram (Table I, formulas 1-4); secondly, to study relations between
      echocardiographic aortic variables and SV. We studied 20 patients (Pts) in our
      Coronary Unit, 14 men and 6 women; their ages ranged from 38 to 76 (mean 53.4)
      years. Seventeen Pts had acute myocardial infarction; two Pts had previous
      myocardial infarction and heart failure; one Pt had dilated cardiomyopathy and
      heart failure. Three out of the twenty Pts, had mitral insufficiency (Table II,
      clinical and hemodynamic data). Patients were studied with high quality M-mode
      echocardiography. Immediately after the examination repeated measurements of
      cardiac output by thermodilution technique (TD) were carried out, and values of
      SV calculated (SV-TD). Twenty-five complete procedures were accomplished. The
      formulas were applied to every patient's echocardiographic data, and results (SV
      ECHO) compared with SV-TD (Table III). Echocardiographic variables, whether
      single or multiple (terms), were also studied with regard to their relation with
      SV-TD (Table IV). Mean +/- SD value of SV-TD of the study group was 60.3 +/- 24.7
      ml; range 22.7 to 108 ml. Mean +/- SD values of SV-ECHO were as follows: Yeh's
      formula, based on squared mean AV opening and LVET, 56 +/- 22.6 (ml), r = 0.8278,
      SEE 12.98; Jacobs' formula, based on aortic box planimetry, 68 +/- 32.5 (ml), r =
      0.7129, SEE 23.31.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4065482
TI  - [Errors of methodology. General considerations seen by the cardiologist].

PMID- 4065483
TI  - [Clinical experimentation: source of errors. The point of view of the medical
      statistician].

PMID- 4065484
TI  - [Indications for post-infarct coronography: have they been changed after CASS?].

PMID- 4065485
TI  - [Isolated traumatic rupture of the ascending aorta. Clinical case and review of
      the literature].
AB  - Rupture of the descending aorta after severe blunt chest trauma is a well
      recognised injury. Instead, isolated traumatic rupture of the ascending aorta is
      rarely diagnosed, with only five cases reported in the literature. A case of
      isolated traumatic rupture of the ascending aorta is here reported and the role
      of medical treatment is described.

PMID- 4065486
TI  - [Arterial hypertension caused by mediastinal paraganglioma. Description of a case
      and review of the literature].
AB  - The Authors describe a case of artery hypertension caused by the secretion from
      the mediastinal paraganglioma and they emphasize the importance of correct
      diagnostic approach to patients with hypertension. This particular case is
      extremely rare, in literature, in fact, there are only 25 known cases of
      paraganglioma arising from the sympathetic trunk in the posterior mediastinum.

PMID- 4065487
TI  - [Should zinc be given to alcoholic cirrhotic patients?].

PMID- 4065488
TI  - [Trace elements (zinc, copper, manganese) in alcoholic cirrhosis: effect of
      chronic alcoholism].
AB  - The authors studied the influence of alcohol intake and liver disease in the
      disturbances of trace elements detected in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. A
      determination of zinc, copper and manganese was carried out in the serum, the 24
      h urine and a liver sample in 15 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, 11 chronic
      alcoholics and 17 control subjects. In the serum of cirrhotic patients, zinc was
      significantly decreased, copper and manganese significantly increased. In the
      liver, zinc was decreased and copper increased, but the difference did not read
      significantly. The elimination of zinc in urine was increased and that of
      manganese decreased. In the chronic alcoholic patients only the serum zinc was
      decreased. Chronic alcoholism seemed to be therefore one of the factors
      responsible for low serum zinc in patients with alcoholic liver disease.

PMID- 4065489
TI  - [Correlation between hemodynamic parameters of the portal circulation in
      cirrhotic patients].
AB  - The aim was to study the relationships between portal hemodynamic parameters in
      cirrhotic patients. Portal hemodynamics was assessed by scintisplenoportography
      and sonography, and the measurement of portohepatic gradient. Gradient between
      wedged and free hepatic venous pressures was 2.71 +/- 0.90 kPa (SD), and
      extrahepatic shunting was 49 +/- 31 p. 100 (SD) in 27 cirrhotic patients.
      Intrahepatic shunting was present in 17 p. 100 out of 23 cirrhotics. Portal blood
      flow was 0.582 +/- 0.196 l/min (SD) and hepatic resistance to portal blood flow
      was 4.84 +/- 2.62 kPa/l/min (SD). Portal blood flow correlated neither with the
      pressure gradient, nor with portosystemic shunting. The pressure gradient was
      significantly correlated with portal systemic shunting (r = 0.64, p less than
      0.001). Hepatic resistance to portal blood flow was significantly (p less than
      0.05) correlated with portal systemic shunting, however the value of the
      correlation coefficient was low (r = 0.433). The pressure gradient and
      portosystemic shunting were higher in patients with large esophageal varices than
      in those with small ones (respectively t = 2.665, p less than 0.02 and t = 3.00,
      p less than 0.01). Hemodynamic pattern was not correlated with the degree of
      hepatocellular failure, as assessed by the Child-Pugh index. In conclusion this
      study provides further evidence for the forward theory of portal hypertension in
      human liver cirrhosis.

PMID- 4065490
TI  - [Benign recurrent cholestasis].

PMID- 4065491
TI  - [Scintigraphy with indium-labeled polynuclears and cryptogenetic enterocolitis].

PMID- 4065492
TI  - [Ulcerohemorrhagic rectocolitis: surgical alternatives to Brooke's conventional
      ileostomy].

PMID- 4065493
TI  - [Scintigraphy with indium 111-labeled polynuclears: correlation with the
      extensiveness and activity of cryptogenetic enterocolitis].
AB  - We have studied prospectively the usefulness of indium 111 granulocytes scanning
      in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Abdominal scans were
      performed 1 h, 3 h and 20 h after the injection of a pure autologous granulocyte
      preparation containing 3.7-5.5 MBq of radioindium. The extent of bowel
      involvement, evaluated on the 3-hour scan, was compared to the X-rays and
      endoscopic findings. The disease activity was assessed by the intensity of
      intestinal radionuclide uptake (IRU), the fecal indium 111 measurement (FIM)
      after a 4-day fecal collection, the decrease of the hepatic and splenic uptake
      (DHSU). It was compared to clinical and biological data as CDAI, sedimentation
      rate, albumin and alpha-2-globulin levels. Thirty-three examinations were
      performed in 26 patients, 16 with Crohn's disease and 10 with ulcerative colitis.
      The correlation of disease location between indium scan and other diagnosis
      procedures was good in 81 p. 100 of cases. CDAI was significantly correlated with
      radionuclide indexes: IRU, FIM, DHSU. FIM was not significantly different between
      mild and moderates diseases (respectively 1.5 +/- 1.0 p. 100 and 3.6 +/- 3.2 p.
      100), but was different between moderate and moderately severe diseases
      (respectively 3.6 +/- 3.2 p. 100 and 23.6 +/- 16.7 p. 100, p less than 0.001).
      DHSU was significantly different between mild and moderate diseases (respectively
      10.9 +/- 7.2 p. 100 and 22.5 +/- 10.7 p. 100, p less than 0.05) and between
      moderate and moderately severe diseases (respectively 22.7 +/- 10.7 and 42.4 +/-
      7.3 p. 100, p less than 0.001). The radionuclide activity indexes were
      significantly correlated between themselves.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4065494
TI  - [Cancers of the rectum and colon in the Cote-d'Or department: treatment,
      prognosis].
AB  - The population based registry of digestive cancers in the french county of Cote
      d'Or enables a study of the treatment and prognosis of colorectal cancers. During
      1976-1981, 587 rectal cancers and 717 colon cancers were diagnosed. Curative
      resection was performed in 61 p. 100 of rectal and colon cancers. Operative
      mortality after curative resection was 9.7 p. 100 for rectal cancers and 13.1 p.
      100 for colon cancers. The overall 5 year observed survival rate was 26.5 p. 100
      for rectal cancers and 29.8 p. 100 for colon cancers. After curative surgery, 5
      year corrected survival rates was 57.2 p. 100 for rectal cancers and 66.9 p. 100
      for colon cancers. Five year survival rate was related to the topography of the
      cancer (it was lower for caecal cancers), to the macroscopic type of growth (it
      was higher for exophytic carcinomas than for infiltrative carcinomas) and to the
      size (it was higher for tumors less than 3 cm than for larger tumors). The major
      determinant of the survival was the pathological stage of the tumor. Patients
      with Dukes' A lesions at the time of curative surgery had almost the same life
      expectancy as persons without rectum or colon cancer. These data suggest that a
      substantial improvement in prognosis might result from earlier diagnosis of the
      disease. This commands modifications in the policy of detection of colorectal
      cancers.

PMID- 4065495
TI  - [Analysis of different factors affecting results of the surgical treatment of
      gastroesophageal reflux].
AB  - Gastric emptying, gastric secretion and esophageal pH were studied prospectively
      in 32 patients who had either a Lortat-Jacob type operation (n = 7) or a
      fundoplication with a 360 degrees (n = 4), 270 degrees (n = 5) or 180 degrees (n
      = 16) gastric fundic wrap. The goal was to determine the effects of various
      antireflux mechanisms on these functions as well as to try to explain abnormal
      postoperative esophageal pH scoring indexes. Esophageal pH was recorded during
      the 3 h period following a standard meal. Acid reflux was expressed using a
      scoring index taking into account the duration and magnitude of pH fall.
      Preoperatively, all patients had an abnormal pH scoring index. Postoperatively,
      the pH scoring index remained increased in 7 patients (group A) and returned to
      normal values in 25 (group B). Clinical data, esophageal pH parameters and
      gastric acid secretion measured preoperatively were not significantly different
      in the two groups of patients. Preoperative gastric emptying for liquids was
      shorter in group A than in group B patients (p less than 0.05). Postoperative
      gastric emptying of radiopaque markers was not different in the two groups of
      patients. Postoperative resting pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter was
      always less than 10 cm H2O in group A and more than 10 cm H2O in group B
      patients. Changes in lower esophageal pressure after surgery were higher in group
      B than in group A patients (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4065496
TI  - [Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. X-ray computed tomographic study of a
      pseudotumoral form].
AB  - The authors report a case of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis in a 63-year-old
      woman hospitalized because of a right hypochondrium mass. Ultrasonography,
      computed tomography, and celiac arteriogram showed a gallbladder tumour. Surgical
      management allowed subtotal tumour resection. Diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous
      cholecystitis was established by histological examination. Twenty-two months
      later, patient is in good health. From this observation and a world-wide
      literature review (90 previously reported cases), the authors analyse the
      clinical, pathological, and pathophysiological features of this very unusual
      entity.

PMID- 4065498
TI  - [Acute severe pancytopenia due to triamterene in alcoholic cirrhotic patients:
      failure to recognize the pharmacology of triamterene?].

PMID- 4065497
TI  - [Detection of IgM-class anti-HBc antibodies: which commercial test to choose?].

PMID- 4065499
TI  - [Hepatitis caused by ranitidine].

PMID- 4065500
TI  - [Chronic cirrhogenic hepatitis caused by amineptin (Survector)?].

PMID- 4065501
TI  - [Acute colitis caused by gold salts].

PMID- 4065502
TI  - [Chronic calcifying pancreatitis in French Africa: study of 14 cases].

PMID- 4065503
TI  - Predictors of duodenal ulcer relapse: a 12-month study in untreated patients.

PMID- 4065504
TI  - [Morphogenesis of the cranium of Cavia porcellus L. I: Introduction,
      classification and descriptive part].
AB  - The craniogenesis of Cavia porcellus has been investigated in 7 embryos of
      different ages. From the developmental stage of 36 mm CRL, a reconstruction of
      the chondrocranium is described. As there is still a gap in the tectum posterius,
      the foramen magnum is not closed posteriorly. The course of the notochord is
      retrobasilar at the beginning, more rostrally it runs intrabasilar. After
      ossification, the place where the notochord enters the basioccipital is marked by
      a cavity. This cavity is not identical with the posterior basicranial fenestra.
      The laminae alares build up strong paracondylar processes. The auditory capsule
      is connected with the occipital region only by the exoccipitocapsular commissure,
      but there is no supraoccipitocapsular commissure. The fossa subarcuata is pierced
      by a subarcuate foramen. The very short lamina parietalis is not in contact with
      the orbital wing as there is no orbitoparietal commissure. The processus recessus
      divides the perilymphatic foramen into fenestra rotunda and aquaeductus cochleae.
      The suprafacial commissure arises from the upper margin of the canalicular part
      of the auditory capsule, but it does not reach the superior surface of the
      cochlear part at this stage. The tegmen tympani is well developed. The foramen
      singulare is not yet separated from the inferior acoustic foramen. At the stage
      of 36 mm CRL there is no septum spirale cartilagineum. Mm. tensor tympani et
      stapedius are developed in the typical way. The auditory capsule is connected
      with the basal plate by the anterior basicochlear and the alicochlear
      commissures. The floor of the orbitotemporal region is incomplete, the temporal
      wings are small. The alicochlear commissure, the alar process, the anterior
      basicochlear commissure, and the basal plate surround the carotid foramen, but
      there is no blood vessel passing through it. The temporal wing is at the
      beginning of ossification and shows a fissura ovalis for the mandibular nerve.
      Although the hypophysial canal is still present, there are no structures passing
      through it. There is no foramen rotundum. The orbital wing is still
      cartilagineous. The basal plate and the pre- and postoptic roots border the
      optical foramen. The straight muscles of the eyeball are attached to the ala
      hypochiasmatica which projects from the postoptic root. The interorbital septum
      is absent. The ophthalmic artery, which instead of the obliterated internal
      carotid artery, contributes to the circulus arteriosus cerebri is well developed.
      There is no orbitonasal commissure . The epiphanial foramina are
      present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4065505
TI  - [The neurocytes of the caudal part of the tuberomamillary nucleus in Ovis aries
      L. (light microscopy and electron microscopy studies)].
AB  - The neurons of the pars caudalis nuclei tuberomammillaris (pc-NTM) were studed
      light-microscopically and electron-microscopically in sheep and rams of Merino
      breed. In our study we observed: In the regarded neural nucleus, there is the
      majority of the great neurons (up to 60 microns in diameter) rich in the NISSL's
      bodies. When stained with the cresyl violet, the NISSL's substance is apparently
      stored mainly in peripheral area of the cell body and in the distant parts of
      numerous protoplasmic processes, what evokes an impression of the "jagged"
      surface of these cells. After staining with paraldehyde fuchsin, we found purple
      coloured lumps of irregular shape stored outside the cell bodies, in the
      neuropil. The less extended cells, usually with lower content of NISSL bodies,
      are in pc-NTM less frequent. In the electron-microscopic study we identified 3
      types of neurons: Cells rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum; "light" cells,
      "dark" cells. The cells of the 1st type were the most frequent ones. Cisterns of
      rough endoplasmic reticulum in the 1st type of cells are often dilated. The
      protoplasmic processes of these cells are frequently stepped over by flat tubuli
      of endoplasmic reticulum. The 2nd type of cells is characterized by the light
      cytoplasmic matrix, low quantity of endoplasmic reticulum and frequent occurrence
      of lipofuscin bodies. The 3rd type of cells are characterized by the high density
      of cytoplasmic matrix, well developed GOLGI complex, and very broad cisterns of
      endoplasmic reticulum, forming a labyrinth, and it is bound to a broad
      perinuclear space.

PMID- 4065506
TI  - [Cleft formations between the body and the greater horn of the hyoid bone].
AB  - Clefts between the body and the greater horn of the hyoid bone are reconstructed
      graphically from histological sections of hyoid bones from children aged 5 months
      up to 7 a. In 3 cases, the cleft cranially is enclosed by perichondrium at the
      lateral and medial sides; caudally the perichondral tissue is continued by
      cartilage on the medial side. On the lateral side, the perichondrium reaches more
      caudally. In 1 case, the cleft is enclosed on its medial side by cartilage only.
      In all cases examined, the medial wall is thicker than the lateral. The formation
      of a joint cleft between the body and the greater horn of the hyoid bone seems to
      be predominant in the lateral and caudal parts of that diarthrosis.

PMID- 4065507
TI  - [The patterns of elongation of the anterior part of the body of limbless
      squamata].
AB  - The interpretation of original features of the aortic trunks showed by
      subterranean limbless Squamata allows to propose a hypothesis about a particular
      pattern of elongation regarding the anterior part of these Reptiles. The
      comparative morphological data supplies some arguments to the idea of the
      breaking of the topographical link between "scapular level - heart level" and the
      insertion of a new "precardiac" region which produces a backward displacement of
      the heart.

PMID- 4065508
TI  - [Biometric analysis of hybrid fishes from experimental populations. I.
      Interpretation of morphological characteristics and quantification of their
      variability].
AB  - Variability of 8 meristic and 27 morphometric characters in 4 groups of
      laboratory-reared fishes have been studied. There were 2 parental groups of
      Barbus conchonius and Barbus sp. respectively and 2 groups of their hybrids from
      reciprocal crossings. Evaluation of individual characters' variability was made
      by using of univariate statistics including the coefficient of variation, in each
      group. Relation between hybrids and parental species based on hybridity quotient
      showed that there was no form of hybrids accurately intermediate in any evaluated
      character. There were found some differences between reciprocal crosses in number
      and configuration of the characters. By these differences, they are more related
      to one parental species or to the second one, respectively.

PMID- 4065509
TI  - [Variability of the arteries of the nose].
AB  - Arriving current, width and course of the arteries of the outer nose were
      investigated at 40 headhalves. We defined 4 groups of vessel patterns. Also 6
      types of variations were described and right-left-differences were determined.
      The results are discussed in detail with the dates of former scientists.

PMID- 4065510
TI  - [Special behavior of the cloacal glands in Proteus anguineus].
AB  - In all hitherto examined Urodeles, the cloacal glands are flowing into the cloaca
      jointly with the hedonic glands, only with the exception of Proteus anguineus,
      where the cloacal glands are open to the cloaca but the hedonic glands are
      falling via cutaneous pores on both sides of the cloacal slit.

PMID- 4065511
TI  - [Demonstration of biological processes in model space or: in search of new
      natural constants].
AB  - It is possible to comprehend the mathematical and geometrical pattern of
      functions and parameter-descriptions as transformation function. In this manner,
      the Einstein's equation between mass and energy will be better conceivable, in
      which also information can incorporated as a view of matter. From geometrical
      aspect, a so called "material unit sphere" is originated which can be used as a
      model for description of biological processes. So the material unit sphere takes
      the same position in biology as the complex numerical plane established by Gauss
      used in electrical engineering. In this sphere, a force vector is calculable as
      the reason for processes of growth. For the developed method, new natural
      constants will be necessary which have to be find by measurements.

PMID- 4065512
TI  - [Craniometry of cranial vault bones in newborn infants].
AB  - 10 craniometric measurements of the skull bones' fornix have been performed on 89
      dried infant skulls. The authors have shown that the craniometric variability of
      the skull bone's fornix is connected with the skull length rather than with its
      height. The skull length is determined mostly by the squama of the temporal bone
      and occipital squama. The shape of the skull vault is determined mainly by
      parietal bone and squama of the frontal bone. Parietal bones shut unpaired
      fontanelle, but the remaining bones, under investigation, contribute to the
      closure of anterolateral and postero-lateral fontanelle.

PMID- 4065513
TI  - [Morphogenesis of the cranium of Cavia porcellus L. II: Comparative part and
      literature].
AB  - The development of the chondrocranium of Cavia porcellus is compared to those of
      other rodents. The tectum posterius of the investigated rodents is orientated
      vertically. This position is functionally caused by the attachment of the muscles
      of the neck and shoulder girdle. The paracondylar process is a typical feature of
      rodents although absent in Mesocricetus. Only in Cavia and Tatera, the connection
      between the lamina supraoccipitalis and the auditory capsule-the
      supraoccipitocapsular commissure-is missing. Youssef's (1966) generalization that
      the course of the notochord in rodents is of transbasal type cannot be confirmed.
      In Cavia, the auditory capsule is connected with the occipital region only by the
      exoccipitocapsular commissure. The connection between auditory capsule and basal
      plate is established by the alicochlear and the anterior basicapsular
      commissures. In comparison to other rodents, the number of commissures in Cavia
      is reduced. In rodents, there is always a subarcuate fossa which in later stages
      of development is filled out by the flocculus cerebelli. In contrary to Rajtova's
      (1972a) statement, Cavia shows a suprafacial commissure as all mammals do
      (Reinbach 1952). As the tegmen tympani is absent in Otomys and Erethizon, it is
      not a typical rodent feature. The carotid foramen is well developed in Cavia but
      the internal carotid artery obliterates until the 25 mm CRL-stage. In embryonic
      rodents, the ala temporalis may have a foramen ovale but not a foramen rotundum.
      During ontogeny rodents show the ala hypochiasmatica for the attachment of the
      straight muscles of the eyeball. In Cavia the ala hypochiasmatica develops
      independently and fuses with the postoptic root of the ala orbitalis in later
      stages. In myomorphs and sciumorphs, the orbitoparietal and orbitonasal
      commissures are present. Only in caviomorphs this part of the primary sidewall of
      the skull is uncomplete. Erethizon, however, shows an orbitonasal commissure
      whereas in Cavia both commissures are missing. In this respect the guinea-pig
      resembles the condition of primates. There is no interorbital septum in rodents.
      The nasal capsule of rodents contains 1 atrioturbinal, 1 maxilloturbinal, 1
      nasoturbinal, and at least 3 ethmoturbinals. Due to the strong development of the
      alveoli of the incisors, the maxilloturbinale is flected in the caviomorphs. The
      epiphanial foramina are present. The lamina transversalis anterior is continuous
      with the nasal septum so that there is a complete zona anularis in rodents. The
      paraseptal cartilages are continuous with the lamina transversalis anterior but
      not with the lamina transversalis posterior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4065514
TI  - Functional comparative histology. 2. Communication: organismic taxonomy (plant
      and animal taxonomy).
AB  - The historic development of the taxonomy of the animals and plants has been
      briefly reviewed. The new taxonomy of the six-kingdom approach offers an improved
      recognition of the taxonomy of organisms with true or with pseudotissues than
      that of older taxonomy. Table 5 contains a brief description of the Histonia
      animalia and Histonia plantae and of several prototypes of incomplete tissue
      development, as well as of the fungi with plectenchymata. Special emphasis is
      placed upon the macroscopic and histologic characteristics of each taxonomic
      group. It is also the purpose of the tables to offer the reader of this and
      especially of future communications a brief, succinct review of the taxa under
      consideration. The communication on taxa outlined briefly the development of
      taxonomy of organisms since the times of ancient Greece. To this review, survey
      of modern taxonomy, with important histologic and other characteristics of the
      taxa of the Histonia, is added. The new six-kingdom approach reflects more
      accurately the cellular and histologic conditions in the phyla of the Histonia.
      In the higher fungi, the plectenchymata are seen; in the highest rhodophyta and
      phaeophyta, the cauloid, rhizoid and other plant pseudotissues develop. At a
      somewhat higher phylogenetic stage, there belong the pseudotissues of bryophyta.
      In comparison to cormophyta, the same holds true for the rather primitive tissue
      development of bryophyta. They are not directly comparable to the tissues of the
      highest porifera exhibiting the lowest animal tissues. Metaphyta from the plant
      kingdom without cell differentiation such as the highest brown algae, partially
      growing with apical meristems, which reach a length of 120 m, hence belong to the
      largest plants. By way of contrast, the multicellular animals lower than the
      Porifera and belonging to the phyla Placozoa and Mesozoa are only a few
      millimeters in size. Finally, the focus (centre) of the Histonia is represented
      by those species with true tissues, the Histonia animalia or Eumetazoans and the
      Histonia plantae, vascular plants, or Tracheophyta. The borderlines are fluid and
      opinions differ. It would also be possible to consider the pseudotissues of the
      Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta, and Bryophyta as morphologically lower counterparts of
      the true tissues of the vascular plants (Tracheophyta) and to consider only the
      plectenchymata, developing through coalescence and interweaving as non-true or
      pseudotissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4065515
TI  - Functional comparative histology. 3. Communication: distribution of organismic
      tissues.
AB  - The taxonomic data in the last communication enabled us to review the histologic
      characteristics of the taxonomic units. This communication reviews the
      distribution of the tissues within these taxonomic units.

PMID- 4065516
TI  - [Tubal pregnancy following tubal sterilization].
AB  - The present paper reports on 21 tubal pregnancies which have occurred after tubal
      sterilization in Tubingen or elsewhere since 1975. The proportion of tubal
      pregnancies amongst sterilization failures was 75%. The interval between
      sterilization and the occurrence of the tubal pregnancy ranged between 5 months
      and 7-3/4 years. The most frequent symptoms of the tubal pregnancies were pain
      (15/21), amenorrhea (11/21) and vaginal bleeding (5/21). Only 11 of the 21
      patients were admitted to the clinic with the (suspected) diagnosis of an extra
      uterine pregnancy. In 20 of the 21 patients the pregnancy was located in the
      distal (ampullar) segment of the tube; in 8 cases the tube was ruptured. Thirteen
      patients were treated by bilateral and 5 by unilateral salpingectomy, and a
      further 3 by unilateral adnexectomy. Summarizing, a considerable number of
      pregnancies occurring after unsuccessful tubal sterilization are extra-uterine.
      They are often not recognized, or only at a late stage. In the authors' view the
      patient should be informed of the possibility of a tubal pregnancy prior to
      sterilization.

PMID- 4065517
TI  - [4 tubal pregnancies in the same patient: advantages and disadvantages of tube
      saving operation].
AB  - In comparison with salpingectomy conservative procedures for the treatment of
      tubal pregnancy increase the chance for a living child, but also the risk of
      further tubal pregnancies. After unilateral salpingectomy the risk of the next
      pregnancy being tubal is 11%; after conservative surgery it is also 11%. If the
      patient has only one Fallopian tube, conservative surgery alone offers a chance
      of an intrauterine pregnancy. On average there is a 54% likelihood of this. In
      such cases the risk of a recurrence of tubal pregnancy is 16%. The advantages and
      disadvantages of conservative procedures are illustrated with reference to two
      patients, each of whom had altogether four tubal pregnancies. One of these
      patients, after two tubal pregnancies, conceived an intrauterine pregnancy
      through the remaining tube, from which a tubal pregnancy had also been
      eliminated; thus, conservative surgery provided the possibility of this further
      pregnancy resulting in the woman's only living child.

PMID- 4065518
TI  - [Fetomaternal blood transfusion as a cause of severe obstetrical complications].
AB  - A Caesarean section was performed in a healthy secundipara of 26 years of age in
      the 39th week of gestation, because of severe alterations of foetal heart-rate
      patterns, signalling foetal distress. Amount and colour of the amniotic fluid
      appeared normal. A highly anaemic male infant was delivered (BW 2920 g, BL: 49.5
      cm, RBC: 770 000/mm3, PVC: 11%). Since perinatal posttraumatic bleeding was
      excluded by the normal appearance of the umbilical cord and the placenta,
      transplacental foeto-maternal macrotransfusion was suggested immediately and
      diagnosis confirmed by demonstrating foetal red cells in the maternal circulation
      (79%) using a modified Kleihauer technique. Other causes of anaemia in the
      newborn such as haemolysis, coagulopathies and failure of red cell production
      were excluded later. Foetal erythrocytes can be demonstrated in the maternal
      circulation up to 80 days after delivery, provided the blood groups of mother and
      foetus are compatible. If this is not the case, there will be a rapid elimination
      of foetal red cells. Hence, it appears advisable to conduct a Kleihauer test
      directly if foeto-maternal transfusion is suspected. It may well be that some of
      the cases of unexplained foetal death are due to this phenomenon.

PMID- 4065519
TI  - [New life: God's call--human responsibility].
AB  - After considering the relationship between ethical principles and their
      concretization in the decision of the conscience, the author names human dignity
      as a formal principle, and tutiorism as a material principle in the face of the
      beginning and end of human life. The debate which has flared up in the Federal
      Republic of Germany concerning abortion may be illustrated by the diverse stances
      adopted by bishops, physicians, legal experts and women toward the statutory
      provisions. A number of suggestions for help of a general nature, based on the
      commandment to love, and for concrete action, follow. These find their final
      expression in 12 synoptic theses.

PMID- 4065520
TI  - [Oral administration of tocolytic agents].

PMID- 4065521
TI  - [Changes in the blood coagulation system in Osler-Rendu disease (hereditary
      hemorrhagic telangiectasia)].

PMID- 4065522
TI  - [The number of stromal and granulocyte and macrophage precursor cells in human
      and animal bone marrow before and after splenectomy].

PMID- 4065523
TI  - [Reaction of hematopoietic tissue to the administration of an antileukemic
      substance isolated from splenic tissue].

PMID- 4065524
TI  - [Production of immunoglobulin for intravenous injection from donor blood plasma].

PMID- 4065525
TI  - [Effect of filtration of erythrocytic and leuko-thrombocytic media through the
      filters of Soviet-made polymer single-use systems on the content of microthrombi
      and cellular composition].

PMID- 4065526
TI  - [Method of cloning hematopoietic cell-precursors in the bone marrow, peritoneal
      cavity and chick embryo using capillary diffusion chambers].

PMID- 4065527
TI  - Sex steroid hormones during the ovarian cycle of an all-female, parthenogenetic
      lizard and their correlation with pseudosexual behavior.
AB  - Cnemidophorus uniparens is a unisexual lizard that reproduces by parthenogenesis.
      Individuals of this species display male-like and female-like copulatory
      behaviors during different phases of the ovarian cycle suggesting that these
      pseudocopulatory behaviors are hormonally activated. To learn more about both the
      endocrinology of parthenogenesis and the possible hormonal activation of male
      like copulatory behavior in female individuals, we (1) characterized changes in
      plasma levels of the sex steroid hormones progesterone, 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, and 17 beta-estradiol during the ovarian cycle
      in both free-living and captive individuals, and (2) measured sex steroid
      hormones in plasma collected from captive individuals immediately after they
      expressed male-like or female-like copulatory behavior. In general, the pattern
      of secretion of ovarian hormones in C. uniparens appears to be similar to that of
      other oviparous vertebrates with similar reproductive cycles. Estradiol is
      elevated only during the preovulatory phase, whereas progesterone increases
      slightly during vitellogenesis and then increases dramatically following
      ovulation. Circulating levels of androgen are very low and are generally below
      the sensitivity of our radioimmunoassay at all stages of the ovarian cycle. The
      hormonal correlates of female-like copulatory behavior suggest that, as in other
      vertebrates, female receptivity is activated by a synergism of estradiol and
      progesterone. There is no evidence that the hormonal cycle has been altered to
      produce elevated levels of androgens during the phase of the cycle when male-like
      behavior is expressed. Rather it seems more likely that the central nervous
      system has evolved a novel response to a typical pattern of ovarian steroid
      hormone secretion. At present, the best hormonal correlate of male-like behavior
      is that changes in plasma levels of progesterone closely parallel changes in
      probability of expressing male-like behavior.

PMID- 4065528
TI  - Aromatase, estrogen 2-hydroxylase, and catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in
      isolated, cultured gonadotropic cells of mature African catfish, Clarias
      gariepinus (Burchell).
AB  - Isolated gonadotropic cells were able to convert androstenedione into estrone.
      Subsequently, estrone could be metabolized via catecholestrone into 2
      methoxyestrone. From these results it can be concluded that the gonadotropes of
      mature catfish contain the enzymes aromatase, estrogen 2-hydroxylase, and
      catechol-O-methyltransferase. The possible function of these enzymes in the
      steroid negative feedback regulation of gonadotropic hormone release is
      discussed.

PMID- 4065529
TI  - Egg maturation and ecdysiotropic activity in extracts of mosquito (Aedes aegypti)
      heads.
AB  - Blood-fed, decapitated female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes matured eggs when injected
      with an extract of heads, but non-blood-fed females did not. The response to head
      extract was optimal when the head was allowed to remain for 2 hr after feeding. A
      dose response to injected egg development neurosecretory hormone (EDNH) was
      observed in vivo that was similar to in vitro dose responses previously reported.
      Blood-fed decapitated females responded equally well to boiled or unboiled head
      extract. When blood-fed decapitated females were injected with head extract,
      ecdysteroid levels increased. Partial purification of head extract using high
      pressure liquid chromatography yielded a fraction at 34% acetonitrile that showed
      egg maturation activity in vivo when injected into blood-fed decapitated females,
      and ecdysiotropic activity when incubated in vitro with ovaries. In addition, a
      fraction at 30% acetonitrile was found that showed activity in vivo but not in
      vitro and may be a precursor. Occasionally, the fraction at 37% acetonitrile
      showed activity in the in vitro assay but had little activity in vivo and may be
      a metabolite. These results suggest that the same hormone was being assayed in
      vivo and in vitro and is EDNH.

PMID- 4065530
TI  - Haemorrhage and adrenocortical activity in the fowl (Gallus domesticus).
AB  - Plasma aldosterone concentrations were markedly elevated in chickens by the
      removal of 10-30% of their total blood volume. This aldosterone response to
      haemorrhage was delayed and of reduced magnitude in birds pretreated for 48 hr
      with dexamethasone (100 micrograms/kg every 12 hr), in which the basal
      aldosterone level was also suppressed. Corticosterone concentrations were
      elevated in both haemorrhaged and nonhaemorrhaged birds, although these responses
      were completely abolished by dexamethasone pretreatment, which also reduced the
      basal corticosterone concentration. Prolactin concentrations were unaffected by
      haemorrhage. These results demonstrate that haemorrhage specifically affects
      adrenocortical function by increasing aldosterone release and suggests that
      factors other than the pituitary-adrenal axis are responsible for this
      stimulation of secretion.

PMID- 4065531
TI  - The structure of the adenohypophysis of Aequidens pulcher (Teleostei, Cichlidae).
      I. Histological and immunohistochemical studies.
AB  - With standard staining techniques, five cell types can be identified in the pars
      distalis of the adenohypophysis of Aequidens pulcher; a sixth cell type prevails
      in the pars intermedia. Each of these cell types has been characterized
      immunohistochemically. Various treatments--metyrapone, thiourea, and thyroxine-
      have been used to confirm the identity of the corticotrophs and the thyrotrophs.
      It is concluded that the cells producing prolactin and growth hormone are
      tinctorially, immunologically, and topographically similar to descriptions for
      other teleosts. This also applies for the corticotrophs of the rostral pars
      distalis and the melanotrophs in the pars intermedia. The corticotrophs are
      stimulated by metyrapone treatment, on the basis of cell size and tinctorial
      properties, but immunohistochemical staining is not affected; thiourea, on the
      other hand, affects immunohistochemical, but not tinctorial, staining of the
      corticotrophs. The thyrotrophs are small, irregularly shaped cells in the
      rostrodorsal proximal pars distalis, adjacent to the neurohypophysis. They cross
      react with an antiserum against bovine beta-TSH but (unlike the gonadotrophs) not
      with one against ovine LH. Thiourea treatment induces their hypertrophy, with a
      decrease in tinctorial and immunohistochemical stainability. Metyrapone, like
      thiourea, induces enlarged nuclei with pronounced nucleoli but, like thyroxine,
      also increases tinctorial and immunohistochemical staining. The gonadotrophs are
      basophilic, like the thyrotrophs, but cross-react with antisera against both
      bovine beta-TSH and ovine LH. These cells are not affected by any of the
      treatments used here. In some specimens, a second type of gonadotroph has been
      identified, which stains mainly with periodic acid-Schiff. The two types of
      gonadotrophs are immunohistochemically comparable.

PMID- 4065532
TI  - The role of prolactin during incubation: comparative studies of three Diomedea
      albatrosses.
AB  - There is much recent evidence that prolactin is an important influence on
      parental and incubatory behaviour in birds. In this study prolactin was measured
      at various stages of the breeding cycle in three closely related albatrosses (the
      wandering albatross Diomedea exulans, the grey-headed albatross D. chrysostoma,
      and the black-browed albatross D. melanophris). Each species is monogamous,
      laying one egg, with the sexes sharing parental duties, including lengthy
      incubation shifts. In experiments where blood samples were taken daily throughout
      single incubation shifts (of both sexes) and every 3 hr for 36 hr, high prolactin
      levels were observed, but there was no indication of any changes that might
      suggest direct relationships between the hormone concentrations and incubatory
      behaviour. However, high prolactin levels were characteristic of the whole
      incubation period with a significant decline in concentrations towards the end of
      the brood-guard period. The timing of the decline in prolactin levels remained
      constant, even when the incubation period was artificially lengthened or
      shortened, as did the overall duration of the incubation-brood-guard period.
      Further experiments eliminated the possibility that the secretion of prolactin
      was a response to tactile stimulation of the brood patch by the egg. These
      results suggest that the incubation period is not endogenously timed but that
      prolactin may still affect the overall duration of the incubation-brood-guard
      period, although having little or no effect on the number or duration of
      incubation shifts.

PMID- 4065533
TI  - Aromatase and 5 alpha-reductase in the teleost brain, spinal cord, and pituitary
      gland.
AB  - The distribution of aromatase and 5 alpha-reductase was investigated in the
      brain, spinal cord, and pituitary of adult goldfish (Carassius auratus) and
      toadfish (Opsanus tau) of both sexes. Tissue homogenates were incubated with
      [3H]androstenedione in the presence of an NADPH-generating system and, following
      validation of assay conditions, radiolabeled products (estradiol, estrone, 5
      alpha-androstanedione), were measured as an index of enzyme activity.
      Neuroendocrine tissue of both species produced exceptionally large amounts of
      estrogen, thus confirming previously observed differences between teleosts and
      other vertebrates. By contrast, 5 alpha-reductase levels resembled the vertebrate
      norm. In general, aromatase was concentrated in the pituitary and various
      forebrain regions, especially the hypothalamus/preoptic area; however, estrogen
      yields from the medulla and anterior spinal cord of toadfish were high compared
      to adjacent midbrain, hindbrain, and cord regions. This same neural region in
      toadfish, but not in goldfish, is known to control a sex dimorphic behavior, the
      courtship boatwhistle. In contrast to aromatase, 5 alpha-reductase was more
      uniformly distributed throughout the brain, although somewhat higher activity was
      obtained in the pituitary. High levels of aromatase in the neuroendocrine tissues
      of teleosts recommend them as animal models for further studying the enzyme, its
      regulation, and its role in governing androgen-dependent responses in central
      targets.

PMID- 4065534
TI  - Contractile response of the isolated dorsal aorta of the snake to angiotensin II
      and norepinephrine.
AB  - Vasopressor action is a phylogenetically old function of angiotensin (ANG) II.
      The action can be ascribed to both direct activation of vascular ANG II receptors
      and through catecholamine release. In the Rat snake, Ptyas korros, the possible
      presence of common adrenergic-ANG receptors and their involvement in this action
      have been proposed. In order to elucidate the vasopressor mechanism of ANG II in
      the snake, and to test the presence of common adrenergic-ANG receptors, the
      contractile response of isolated snake dorsal aorta to [Val5]ANG II and
      norepinephrine (NE) was studied using the cobra, Naja naja and the Rat snake,
      Ptyas korros. Both ANG II (3 X 10(-11) to 10(-6) M) and NE (10(-8) to 10(-5) M)
      produced a dose-dependent increase in tension in the aortic strips of Naja, which
      were more sensitive to ANG II. Phenotolamine, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist,
      competitively inhibited NE without altering the response to ANG II. [Sar1,
      Ala8]ANG II inhibited ANG II but did not affect the response to NE. A similar
      dose-dependent increase in tension in the aortic strips of Ptyas was seen with NE
      (10(-8) to 10(-5) M) but these strips did not respond to ANG II. These results
      suggest that functionally separate receptors for ANG II and NE exist in the
      dorsal aorta of the cobra and that local liberation of catecholamines from the
      adrenergic nerve terminals do not play a role in the expression of ANG II action.
      There also exist differences in the nature of ANG II action/receptors among
      different species of snakes and different vascular beds in the same species.

PMID- 4065535
TI  - Biosynthesis of 1-methyladenine by isolated segments of starfish ovaries.
AB  - Acid-soluble 1-methyladenine (1-MeA) and an insoluble fraction containing 1-MeA
      were formed when radioactive L-methionine or adenine (A) were incubated with
      starfish ovary segments. Attempts to prepare free ribonucleic acid (RNA) from
      ovaries failed since it was strongly bonded to protein as ribonucleoprotein (RN
      P) which was therefore used in studies involving RNA. Incubation of ovary
      segments with [8-14C]adenine-8 (A-8-14C) yielded both soluble 1-Me-A-8-14C and RN
      P-8-14C, and similar incubation with L-[methyl-14C]methionine yielded soluble 1
      MeA-14CH3 and RN-P-14CH3. Hydrolysis of RN-P-8-14C with 1 N HCl at 100 degrees
      yielded 91% of the initial radioactivity in the purine fraction, and of this 90%
      was in A, 9% in 1-MeA, and 1% in 4(5)-amino-5(4)-imidazole carboxamidine
      (AIMCAD). With RN-P-14CH3 the corresponding figures were 20, 45, 27, and 28%.
      Degradation of 1-MeA-8-14C or RN-P-8-14C with 6 N HCl at 110 degrees yielded
      radioactive AIMCAD which, on heating at pH 12, gave radioactive 4(5)-amino-5(4)
      imidazole carboxamide (AICA). When 1-MeA-14CH3 or RN-P-14CH3 were similarly
      degraded, radioactive AIMCAD was formed, but the AICA possessed little or no
      radioactivity due to the loss of the radioactive methyl group. Addition of radial
      nerve factor (GSS) increased the yield of 1-MeA up to 19 times when radioactive L
      methionine was substrate, but was ineffective with radioactive A. S-[8
      14C]Adenosylmethionine was only about 3% as effective as L-[methyl-14C]methionine
      in supporting formation of 1-MeA, and its slight activity was not enhanced by
      GSS. Immature ovary segments were much more active than those from mature ovaries
      in synthesizing 1-MeA. The results support the contention that formation of free
      1-MeA in starfish ovarian tissues involves methylation of adenine residues in a
      polynucleotide followed by liberation of 1-MeA by enzymatic hydrolysis.

PMID- 4065536
TI  - Effect of L-thyroxine on ovarian development and gestation in the viviparous
      guppy, Poecilia reticulata.
AB  - Treatment of female guppies from 1 day postpartum with L-thyroxine-sodium salt
      (Eltroxin, Glaxo) by immersion (0.5 ppm in 25% seawater renewed daily)
      significantly shortened the brood interval without affecting the brood size or
      the weight of the brood. This suggests an acceleration of early development of
      the fish by thyroxine. The thyroxine treatment also accelerated the development
      of the next batch of oocytes, particularly exogenous vitellogenesis (yolk-globule
      stages). The evidence suggests a role of the thyroid in vitellogenesis and
      gestation in the guppy.

PMID- 4065537
TI  - Experiment acknowledged the Watson-Crick hypothesis: a review of B-DNA double
      helix structural features at atomic resolution.
AB  - The dodecamer d(CGCGAATTCGCG) forms a right-handed B-DNA double helix of a Watson
      Crick type both in crystal and solution. It is the first piece of DNA longer than
      one helix turn whose molecular structure has become known at the atomic
      resolution. The article reviews qualitative aspects of its structure with a
      special emphasis on local variations in the disposition of base pairs in the
      double helix.

PMID- 4065538
TI  - Electroorientation effect of isolated mitochondria in different functional
      states.
AB  - For the first time, the electroorientation effect of isolated rat liver
      mitochondria has been investigated in a nonuniform alternating electric field at
      frequencies from 50 to 10(7) Hz. Two relaxation regions of mitochondria
      electroorientation have been revealed; they are due to the presence of low
      frequency alpha - and high-frequency beta-dispersion. It has been shown that
      incubation of mitochondria in a medium with a low electroconductivity as well as
      in the presence of ionophores (valinomycin, 2,4-dinitrophenol) results in a
      decreased electroorientation value in the region of the high-frequency structural
      polarization. This is explained by a marked lowering of the effective
      electroconductivity of mitochondria due to changes in the permeability of the
      inner membrane of organelles. Upon the addition of ionophores, the decrease in
      the electroorientation effect value becomes more pronounced. Inhibition of
      respiration of mitochondria by antimycin A resulted in a slight diminution of the
      effect, followed by time-dependent stabilization, probably due to a lowered
      electroconductivity of the mitochondrial matrix, induced by the reduction of pH
      in the intramitochondrial space, change in the ionization of inner enzyme
      structures, and a partial limitation of the inner ion mobility.

PMID- 4065539
TI  - Effects of calcium ions on electrical responses of gastric gland cells to
      histamine and pentagastrin.
AB  - The effect of Ca ions on electrical responses of gastric gland cells on histamine
      and pentagastrin was investigated using intracellular glass microelectrodes. It
      was established that in low-calcium solutions hyperpolarization induced by these
      secretagogues was diminished. In calcium-free solutions and in solutions with
      blockers of the calcium current hyperpolarization induced by histamine and
      pentagastrin was not observed. It was suggested that external calcium ions are
      necessary for hyperpolarization responses to histamine and pentagastrin actions
      on gastric gland cells to occur.

PMID- 4065540
TI  - Inhibitory effects of pentacaine and some related local anaesthetics on rat
      hepatic adenylate cyclase.
AB  - In the present study effects of a new local anaesthetics, pentacaine (trans-2
      pyrolidinocyclohexylester of 3-pentyloxyphenylcarbamic acid), and of some
      chemically related compounds on rat hepatic adenylate cyclase activity were
      studied under various experimental conditions. As compared with tetracaine, the
      local anaesthetics tested showed stronger inhibitory effects, regardless of the
      type of stimulating agents used to activate adenylate cyclase. The most potent
      effect was observed with pentacaine. Its inhibitory effects on glucagon,
      guanylylimidodiphosphate (Gpp/NH/p), sodium fluoride or forskolin stimulated
      activity suggest that it may directly act on the catalytic unit of adenylate
      cyclase. The same conclusion can be drawn based on its inhibitory effects on
      adenylate cyclase, regardless ATP concentrations used as the enzyme substrate,
      and on octylpyranoside solubilized enzyme activated by preincubation of the
      enzyme preparation with Gpp/NH/p. Structure-activity studies have suggested that
      the pentacaine molecule as a whole and none of its parts alone or its analogs are
      responsible for the inhibitory effect. However, the inhibitory effects of these
      compounds on the rat adenylate cyclase activity do not correlate with their local
      anaesthetic properties. The possibility of using adenylate cyclase inhibitors to
      decrease cyclic AMP production under pathological conditions, like in cholera,
      known to be due to a high adenylate cyclase activity, is discussed.

PMID- 4065541
TI  - The rate and extent of calcium bioavailability from two oral dosage forms in
      rats.
AB  - The purpose of the present work was to compare oral bioavailability of calcium
      from two calcium preparations, Calcium Sandoz forte 500 mg and Calcium Spofa
      effervescens. The pharmacokinetic study was carried out on rats, and plasma
      levels of 45Ca after administration of labelled calcium solutions were
      determined. Appropriate equations describing the two-compartment open model and
      the one-compartment model with first order absorption were fitted to the observed
      i.v. and oral data, respectively, using weighted nonlinear least-squares
      regression analysis. The extent and the time profile of the rate of 45Ca systemic
      bioavailability were assessed. Both parameters suggested identical
      bioavailability of calcium from the two dosage forms compared.

PMID- 4065542
TI  - The influence of KCl on the resting potential of Tenebrio molitor larva and imago
      muscle.

PMID- 4065543
TI  - Phosphorus NMR of plasmid DNA.

PMID- 4065544
TI  - The molecular through ecological genetics of abnormal abdomen in Drosophila
      mercatorum. I. Basic genetics.
AB  - The abnormal abdomen syndrome (aa) in Drosophila mercatorum is characterized by
      the persistence of juvenilized cuticle on the adult abdomen. The aa phenotype is
      shown to depend on at least two X-linked genetic elements that are about one map
      unit apart near the centromeric end of the X chromosome. These two genetic
      elements are necessary for aa expression; one behaves as a dominant element and
      the other as a recessive. Overlaying these genetic studies upon molecular work
      reported elsewhere, it is argued that the dominant element is the presence of a 5
      kb insertion in a majority of the X-linked repeats coding for the 28S ribosomal
      RNA. The recessive element appears to be a locus controlling differential
      replication of noninserted over inserted 28S genes during polytenization. The aa
      syndrome requires both the presence of the inserted repeats and the failure to
      preferentially amplify noninserted repeats. Given the necessary X-linked elements
      for aa, a variety of modifiers are revealed. First, aa expression in males is Y
      linked, apparently corresponding to a deletion of the 18S/28S rDNA gene cluster
      normally found on the Y. Moreover, all major autosomes can modify the penetrance
      of aa.

PMID- 4065545
TI  - Introgression between two cutthroat trout subspecies with substantial karyotypic,
      nuclear and mitochondrial genomic divergence.
AB  - The authors used allozymes encoded by nuclear genes and restriction enzyme
      analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to study secondary contact between
      westslope (Salmo clarki lewisi) and Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki
      bouvieri) in Forest Lake, Montana. Eleven diagnostic allozyme loci identified
      this as a random-mating hybrid swarm. No parental, first-generation hybrid or
      backcross genotypes were detected in the sample (N = 33), and genotype
      distributions at all the variable loci conform to binomial expectations. There is
      little linkage disequilibrium between the diagnostic loci, indicating that the
      nuclear genomes of the two subspecies are largely randomly associated. The
      allozymes and mtDNA give identical estimates of the proportional genetic
      contribution of each subspecies. Thus, males and females from both subspecies
      have contributed equally to this hybrid swarm. Although these subspecies have
      accumulated substantial genetic divergence between their nuclear (Nei's D = 0.34)
      and mitochondrial (2% sequence divergence) genomes, this has not resulted in a
      genetic barrier to exchange between them.

PMID- 4065546
TI  - Genetic distances based on quantitative traits.
AB  - Morphological data showing continuous distributions, polygenically controlled,
      may be particularly useful in intergroup classification below the species level;
      an appropriate distance analysis based on these traits is an important tool in
      evolutionary biology and in plant and animal breeding.--The interpretation of
      morphological distances in genetic terms is not easy because simple phenotypic
      data may lead to biased estimates of genetic distances. Convenient estimates can
      be obtained whenever it is possible to breed populations according to a suitable
      crossing design and to derive information from genetic parameters.--A general
      method for determining genetic distances is proposed. The procedure of
      multivariate analysis of variance is extended to estimate appropriate genetic
      parameters (genetic effects). Not only are optimal statistical estimates of
      parameters obtained but also the procedure allows the measurement of genetic
      distances between populations as linear functions of the estimated parameters,
      providing an appropriate distance matrix that can be defined in terms of these
      parameters. The use of the T2 statistic, defined in terms of the vector of
      contrasts specifying the distance, permits the testing of the significance of any
      distance between any pair of populations that may be of interest from a genetic
      point of view.--A numerical example from maize diallel data is reported in order
      to illustrate the procedure. In particular, heterosis effects are used as the
      basis for estimates of genetic divergence between populations.

PMID- 4065547
TI  - Joint frequencies of alleles determined by separate formulations for the mating
      and mutation systems.
AB  - A method to calculate joint gene frequencies, which are the probabilities that
      two neutral genes taken at random from a population have certain allelic states,
      is developed taking into account the effects of the mating system and the
      mutation scheme. We assume that the mutation rates are constant in the population
      and that the mating system does not depend on allelic states. Under either--the
      condition that mutation rates are symmetric or that the mating unit is large and
      the mutation rate is small--the general formula is represented by two terms, one
      for the mating system and the other for the mutation scheme. The term for the
      mating system is expressed using the coancestry coefficient in the infinite
      allele model, and the term for the mutation scheme is a function of the
      eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of the mutation matrix. Several examples are
      presented as applications of the method, including homozygosity in a stepping
      stone model with a symmetric mutation scheme.

PMID- 4065548
TI  - The effect of a hospital-based counseling service on the physical recovery of
      surgical and medical patients.
AB  - This study evaluated the effects of a hospital-based counseling service on the
      physical recovery of surgical and medical patients. Their recovery was measured
      in terms of days on antibiotics, days to return to normal temperature, normal
      pulse and oral intake, and days on intravenous (IV) feeding. The effects of the
      sex, age, seriousness of physical problem, recovery rate, and digestive vs.
      genital system involvement of patients on these recovery measures were also
      monitored. Seriousness of physical problem proved to be the best predictor of
      patient recovery but, when its effects were controlled for, some beneficial
      effects of the counseling were observed.

PMID- 4065549
TI  - Integrated services for chronic mental patients: theoretical perspective and
      experimental results.
AB  - The theoretical basis of an integrated service approach to the care of chronic
      mental patients is discussed. An experiment testing the Treatment Network Team
      (TNT) program, based on that approach, is described and results are reported.
      Although TNT and control patients exhibited minimal differences in symptomatology
      and psychopathology, those in the experimental group showed substantive
      improvement in psychosocial functioning. The authors conclude that flexible
      service systems that deemphasize locus of care and offer a range of treatment
      modalities have the potential for enriching the social lives of chronic mental
      patients.

PMID- 4065550
TI  - Depression and hypochondriasis in family practice patients with somatization
      disorder.
AB  - The relationships specified in DSM-III between somatization disorder and
      depression, and somatization disorder and hypochondriasis require further
      validation and easier methods of detection for use by primary care physicians.
      The authors investigated hypochondriacal and depressive symptoms in 13 family
      practice outpatients with somatization disorder. Pain complaints and depressive
      symptomatology were present in over 75% of this group, while hypochondriacal
      symptoms were present in 38%. The mean score on the somatization scale of the
      Hopkins Symptom Check List (HSCL-90) was greater than that reported for any other
      group. These findings support the separation of somatization disorder and
      hypochondriasis and suggest the need for better delineation of depressive
      subtypes in somatization disorder. The somatization scale of the HSCL-90 should
      be a useful screen for somatization disorder in future research.

PMID- 4065551
TI  - Coordination of services for outpatients under concurrent medical and psychiatric
      care.
AB  - The proportion of outpatients with concurrent medical and psychiatric problems is
      high and is expected to increase, but coordination of services has not been
      satisfactory. The medical and psychiatric records of 28 patients under regular
      psychiatric and medical care were abstracted, for a total of 323 visits, to
      ascertain issues related to assessment and coordination of care. Results indicate
      that psychiatric therapists and primary-care providers do not perform
      satisfactorily in assessing medical and psychiatric problems, respectively, and
      in initiating coordination of their patients' health care. The implications of
      these findings for the training, education, and supervision of staff are
      discussed.

PMID- 4065552
TI  - A survey of psychotropic drug utilization by patients with advanced neoplastic
      disease.
AB  - The utilization of psychotropic drugs in patients with advanced neoplastic
      disease was studied over a 14-month period. Eight hundred twenty-four (82.4%) of
      one thousand consecutively admitted patients were prescribed at least one
      psychotropic agent. Antipsychotic agents were prescribed for 61.3% and hypnotics
      for 55.8% of the total patient sample. Only one out of ten patients received an
      antidepressant medication. Significantly more psychotropic drugs were prescribed
      for the relatively younger patients (less than 50 years). Diphenhydramine,
      prochlorperazine, and haloperidol were the most frequently prescribed
      psychopharmacologic agents. The most common reasons for prescribing psychotropic
      medications were for psychologic distress, sleep disorders, and nausea and
      vomiting. Clinical consequences are discussed.

PMID- 4065553
TI  - The effect of thioridazine on prolactinoma growth in a schizophrenic man: case
      report.
AB  - Thioridazine was found to increase the serum prolactin level as well as the tumor
      size of a prolactin--secreting pituitary chromophobe adenoma in a schizophrenic
      man. He was then successfully treated with clonidine, an antinoradrenergic
      compound without antidopaminergic properties, which had no effect on serum
      prolactin or tumor growth. This case report highlights the importance of careful
      neuroleptic usage in patients in whom elevated prolactin levels are of concern
      and discusses alternative methods of treating psychosis when antidopaminergic
      medications are contraindicated.

PMID- 4065554
TI  - The decision to discontinue hemodialysis.
AB  - The patient who wishes to discontinue chronic hemodialysis poses a complex
      dilemma that crosses both ethical and psychiatric boundaries, but clearly
      demonstrates the role of the liaison psychiatrist in clarifying issues of
      diagnosis and informed consent. This paper presents an edited transcript of a
      clinical case conference where a 72-year-old man reviews his reasons for
      demanding that hemodialysis be discontinued. Issues of differential diagnosis and
      the question of autonomy and free will are discussed in the context of the tasks
      for the liaison psychiatrist.

PMID- 4065555
TI  - Family stigma and physical deformity in children.

PMID- 4065556
TI  - [The meaning of the genetic code: reconstruction of the stage of prebiologic
      evolution].
AB  - According to a certain order in sets of the two first codon bases, 20 common
      amino acids can be divided into 5 families each containing 4 amino acids; the
      corresponding order in the distribution of codon bases can be easily detected, if
      common amino acids are distributed for the numbers of hydrogen atoms per molecule
      (Sukhodolets, 1980). In the present paper, the order in the distribution of codon
      bases is explained on the basis of the hypothesis claiming the prebiological
      existence of crystalline associates composed of amino acids and bases as free
      molecules. In these heterogeneous crystalline associates amino acids were analogs
      to the base douplets and the arrangement of molecules followed a certain rule,
      namely: 40 protons per molecular complex forming a standard structural
      compartment. It is proposed that the crystalline associates existed as lyotropic
      liquid crystals with hydrocarbons as solvent. The genetical code allows to
      discover two different original crystallization types for bases and amino acids.
      Therefore, the life possibly originates from combining in the same structure
      different crystallization patterns, which resulted in formation of a finite
      crystalline associate.

PMID- 4065557
TI  - [Tryptophan of facultative methylotrophic bacteria Pseudomonas sp. M. II.
      Regulation of tryptophan biosynthesis].
AB  - Regulation of tryptophan biosynthesis of facultative methylotrophic Pseudomonas
      sp. M was studied. Repression of the trpE, trpD and trpC genes by tryptophan was
      demonstrated. It was also shown that the trpE and trpDC genes are derepressed
      noncoordinately. No regulation of the trpF gene product could be demonstrated,
      indicating that its synthesis is constitutive. The trpA and trpB genes are
      inducible by indol-3-glycerophosphate. Anthranilate synthase and tryptophan
      synthase were sensitive to the feedback inhibition. The tryptophan concentrations
      giving 50% inhibition were estimated to be 9 microM and 1 microM, respectively.
      Experimental evidence for activation of the N-5-phosphoribosyl anthranilate
      isomerase and for inhibition of the indol-3-glycerophosphate synthase by some
      tryptophan intermediates was obtained.

PMID- 4065558
TI  - [Interaction of genetic and environmental components in the determination of
      tryptophan hydroxylase activity in the mouse brain in stress].
AB  - The interaction between genetic and environmental components of phenotype variety
      in the response to cold and emotional stress of the brain serotonin system was
      studied in 11 inbred strains of mice. It was shown that the variety in the degree
      of tryptophan hydroxylase activity's changes under stress are mainly due to the
      genotypic differences. The presence of different genotypic systems controlling
      the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase under basal conditions and under stress
      was revealed. Differences in hereditary mechanisms determining the tryptophan
      hydroxylase reactions to different kinds of stress were noted.

PMID- 4065559
TI  - [Characteristics of the expression of t12 mutation in mouse embryos with
      structural aberrations of chromosome 17].
AB  - Developmental profiles of mouse embryos with deletions, duplications of nullisomy
      for the proximal part AB of chromosome 17, including genes of the T-t complex,
      were studied in mice with marker translocations Rb (16.17)7Bnr or T(16;17)43H and
      heterozygous for lethal t12 mutation. The embryos t12t12 and t12t12-(Dp17CDE;
      Dl16) were shown to be eliminated at the morula stage; embryos t12+, t12+ + or
      t12t12+ survive during preimplantation and early postimplantation stages: t12
      embryos (hemizygous for all genes of the 17AB region, including all t-alleles)
      have quite normal cleavage, blastulation and implantation, but die soon
      thereafter. The embryos with nullisomy 17AB combined with deletion 17CDE survive
      up to the morula stage. These data are in line with previously proposed
      hypothetical mechanism for mutual activation of homologous chromosomes and their
      segments during initial stages of embryogenesis in mice. The system of marker
      chromosomes Rb7Bnr and T43H in combination with various alleles of the T complex
      might be recommended as a useful tool in analysis of primary developmental
      effects of different t-alleles in mice.

PMID- 4065560
TI  - [Cytogenetic after-effects of fractionated and prolonged exposure to hyperbaric
      oxygenation].
AB  - The effect of hyperbaric oxygenation was investigated in bone marrow cells of
      rats, at prolongated and fractionated regimes usually employed in medicine. As a
      result of this study, it was pointed out that fractionated treatment of animals
      at I ata I h during 5 and 10 days affects the rats cytogenetically and causes
      several chromosomal damages. Prolongated treatment with high pressure oxygen was
      of a less mutagenic activity. The data obtained suggest nondirect action of this
      mutagen on the genetic apparatus.

PMID- 4065561
TI  - [Estimation of the frequency of amino acid substitutions causing instability of
      the spatial structure in an overall mutation spectrum of alpha- and beta-subunits
      of human hemoglobin].
AB  - The influence of single amino acid substitutions on the stability of alpha- and
      beta-chains of human hemoglobin was investigated by the computer method. The
      method was based on characteristics of protein tertiary structure and physico
      chemical properties of amino acids. Frequencies of unstable mutations in the
      total mutational spectra of alpha- and beta-subunits of human hemoglobin were
      analysed: instability was produced by 26% of mutations in the alpha-subunit and
      by 32% in the beta-subunit. These results support the idea that certain
      limitations exist for stability changes produced by amino acid substitutions.

PMID- 4065562
TI  - [Genetic problems of hereditary polyposis of the large intestine. II.
      Characteristics of the population genetics].
AB  - Based on the study carried out, we have suggested a populational-genetical model
      of hereditary polyposes with frequencies of some parameters, such as frequency of
      mutation, gene's (allele's) frequency, frequency of heterozygotes (general and
      for separate groups), fertility, fittnes and selection efficiency.

PMID- 4065563
TI  - A gamma ray-induced non-excitable membrane mutant in Paramecium caudatum: a
      behavioral and genetic analysis.

PMID- 4065564
TI  - Gene diversity in finite populations.

PMID- 4065565
TI  - Inherited cataracts in inbred mice.

PMID- 4065566
TI  - Effects of selection on growth, body composition, and food intake in mice. III.
      Correlated responses: growth, body composition, food intake and efficiency and
      catabolism.

PMID- 4065567
TI  - Extension of the Haldane-Muller principle of mutation load with application for
      estimating a possible range of relative evolution rate.

PMID- 4065568
TI  - 'Heterosis' in litter size of chimaeric mice.

PMID- 4065569
TI  - A recessive allele of the mouse agouti locus showing lethality with yellow, Ay.

PMID- 4065570
TI  - Characterization and sequencing of the region containing gene N, the nutL site
      and tL1 terminator of bacteriophage phi 80.
AB  - We have cloned the early region of the major leftward operon of bacteriophage phi
      80 DNA and determined the nucleotide sequence of the PL-nutL-tL1 segment. The
      genes and sites equivalent to lambda gene N, antiterminator nutL, and terminator
      tL1 were found in this region by functional tests using the recombinant plasmids
      carrying the transcriptional units Ptrp-tL1-galK, Ptrp-nutL-tL1-galK and PlacUV5
      N. Sequence homologies were observed between the boxA of the phage 21 nutR site
      and the inverted repeat of the nut core in the nutL-equivalent site of phi 80.
      The N-equivalent gene of phi 80 codes for a protein with 98 amino acids. It is
      highly basic as is the lambda N protein. Recombinant plasmids carrying the phi 80
      PL promoter and nut-equivalent site of phi 80 are lethal to the Escherichia coli
      host cell, but can be stably maintained in the presence of the phi 80-cI
      repressor.

PMID- 4065571
TI  - The nucleotide sequence of a mitochondrial replicon from maize.
AB  - The 1913-bp maize mitochondrial (mt) plasmid was isolated from a suspension
      culture of a Black Mexican Sweet maize strain, cloned into M13mp vectors, and
      sequenced by a unidirectional progressive deletion method. The 1.9-kb
      extrachromosomal double-stranded circular DNA plasmid was found to contain
      regions of sequence which in other systems are known to be part of origins of
      replication (ori). This plasmid could be used as a carrier for chimeric genes and
      a molecular probe for replication.

PMID- 4065572
TI  - The human desmin and vimentin genes are located on different chromosomes.
AB  - We have used somatic cell hybrids of Chinese hamster X man and mouse X man to
      localize the genes (des and vim) encoding the intermediate filaments desmin and
      vimentin in the human genome. Southern blots of DNA prepared from each cell line
      were screened with hamster cDNA probes specific for des and vim genes,
      respectively. The single-copy human des gene is located on chromosome 2, and the
      single-copy human vim gene is assigned to chromosome 10. Partial restriction maps
      of the two human genomic loci are presented. A possible correlation of the des
      locus with several reported hereditary myopathies is discussed.

PMID- 4065573
TI  - Two human gamma-crystallin genes are linked and riddled with Alu-repeats.
AB  - A human genomic cosmid clone, pHcos gamma-1, has been isolated containing two
      closely linked gamma-crystallin genes, oriented in the same direction. The
      sequence of these genes and their 5' and 3' flanking regions has been determined.
      The coding regions of both genes are interrupted by two introns. The first
      introns (94 and 100 bp, respectively) are located in the 5' region of the genes.
      The second introns (2.82 and 0.95 kb, respectively) divide the genes into two
      halves, each encoding a structural domain of the gamma-crystallin protein. The
      coding regions of the two genes show 80% homology. Due to a mutation in the
      splice acceptor site of the second intron of the first gene, the coding region of
      its third exon is 3 bp longer than that of the second gene. In the flanking
      regions several conserved sequence elements were found, including those elements
      that are known to be necessary for the correct expression of eukaryotic genes.
      The flanking and intronic regions of the genes contain 'simple sequence' DNA and
      Alu repeats. The Alu repeats are usually clustered, contain truncated elements,
      and are often located near simple sequence DNA.

PMID- 4065574
TI  - Genes coding for 5S ribosomal RNA of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
AB  - We have identified a 1-kb genomic sequence that represents the major class of 5S
      rRNA genes in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This 1-kb sequence is tandemly
      repeated 110 times in the haploid genome forming a single homogeneous gene
      family. Other nematode genomic sequences, distinct from the major 1-kb repeat
      class but homologous to it, may represent dispersed 5S rRNA genes or the ends of
      a gene cluster. One such fragment shows a restriction fragment length difference
      between two C. elegans strains. This should allow the genetic analysis of 5S rRNA
      coding DNA (5S X rDNA) and its flanking regions in C. elegans.

PMID- 4065575
TI  - Development of broad-host-range vectors for expression of cloned genes in
      Pseudomonas.
AB  - The cloning and expression of genes in Pseudomonas have been difficult, until
      now, due to the absence of vector systems that contain multiple restriction sites
      downstream from promoter sequences that are functional in Pseudomonas. We report
      here the construction of several broad-host-range vectors that can be utilized in
      either Pseudomonas or Escherichia coli and that rely on easily selectable
      antibiotic resistance markers with multiple cloning sites. These vectors were
      constructed by inserting the entire pUC13 sequence into derivatives of the
      RSF1010 wide-host-range plasmid. From this construction, other derivatives were
      obtained, specifically a lacZ::KmR fusion gene which provides an easily
      selectable marker in both E. coli and Pseudomonas. These vectors have been used
      to express the Pseudomonas putida cytochrome P450 monoxygenase gene in a P450
      deficient P. putida strain. Thus, these vectors allow for the cloning, expression
      and selection of Pseudomonas genes in Pseudomonas by complementation.

PMID- 4065576
TI  - Alzheimer's disease: primary care realities.

PMID- 4065577
TI  - Managing the older bronchitis patient.
AB  - In this era of cost containment, it is not appropriate to obtain a complete blood
      cell count, Gram's stain of sputum, sputum culture, or blood cultures for elderly
      outpatients with an exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. For monitoring antibiotic
      therapy of infectious exacerbations, clinicians rely on the patient's
      observations that dyspnea is less severe, and that sputum volume is reduced and
      appears more mucoid than purulent. These criteria may be rudimentary, but they
      have withstood the test of time.

PMID- 4065578
TI  - Geriatric cardiology: when exercise stress testing is justified.
AB  - Short exercise duration is not necessarily ominous in an older patient unless
      other significant abnormalities, such as ST-segment depression or arrhythmias,
      are associated. Problems peculiar to the elderly during exercise testing-
      appearance of fatigue and lightheadedness due to muscle weakness and
      deconditioning, vasoregulatory insufficiency, and a tendency to unsteadiness of
      gait--may require physical or emotional support.

PMID- 4065579
TI  - Protecting your elderly patient from winter's cold.
AB  - A recent study in England indicated that people prone to orthostatic hypotension
      are at increased risk of developing accidental hypothermia. Thus, a history of
      orthostatic hypotension might be prudently viewed as a risk factor. Symptoms are
      insidious. Since the sensation of cold seems to disappear after the core
      temperature falls below 95 degrees F, the recognition of cold is transient at
      best, and often minimal, once the patient is in the hypothermia range.

PMID- 4065580
TI  - Effect of age on the febrile response of rats to endogenous pyrogen.
AB  - Mechanisms underlying the decreased febrile response in the elderly have not been
      elucidated. One hypothesis is that elderly persons have a decreased response at
      the hypothalamic or peripheral effector level to endogenous pyrogen (EP). We
      studied the response to human monocyte-derived EP in young adult and aged Fischer
      344 rats, a strain known to have an age-dependent decrease in the febrile
      response to endotoxin. EP was given intraperitoneally to aged and young adult
      rats kept at 26 degrees C (thermoneutral zone) or at 15 degrees C (a mild cold
      stress), in order to accentuate possible peripheral thermoeffector defects. At 26
      degrees C, the febrile response in aged rats was similar to that in young adult
      rats. At 15 degrees C, the febrile response was lower in both groups, but the
      aged rats did not differ from the young adult rats. When EP was given by
      intracerebroventricular injection to aged and young adult rats, at 26 or at 15
      degrees C, no differences in the febrile responses were noted. Thus, it appears
      that in aged Fischer rats the hypothalamic response and the peripheral effector
      response to EP are intact. Further studies on the production and release of EP by
      rat monocytes are needed to explain the diminished febrile response to endotoxin
      in the aged rat.

PMID- 4065581
TI  - Urinary incontinence and its correlates in very old age.
AB  - The study describes the prevalence of urinary incontinence and factors associated
      with incontinence among the population of Tampere aged 84/85 years (n = 320). 18%
      of the males were occasionally incontinent and 21% were daily incontinent. The
      corresponding figures for females were 20 and 21% respectively. Incontinence was
      not associated with sex, living alone, parity, or outdoor toilet facilities. On
      the other hand, incontinence was found to be related to use of home nursing, home
      help or day hospital services, living in institutions, limitations in mobility,
      and the use of diuretics.

PMID- 4065582
TI  - Gerontological and geriatric education: retrospect and prospect.

PMID- 4065583
TI  - Graduates' perceptions of gerontology master's degree curricula.

PMID- 4065584
TI  - Interdisciplinary health care teams: an educational approach to improvement of
      health care for the aged.

PMID- 4065586
TI  - The meaning of education in late life. An exploration of life review.

PMID- 4065585
TI  - Qualitative research of older people: some considerations.

PMID- 4065587
TI  - Mandatory retirement in higher education: is it necessary?

PMID- 4065588
TI  - The older female graduate student in gerontology: an analysis of the University
      of South Florida's fifteen year experience.

PMID- 4065589
TI  - Issues of accreditation of academic gerontology programs and credentialing of
      workers in the field of aging.

PMID- 4065590
TI  - The effects of injections of cultured fibroblasts into the rabbit vitreous.
AB  - A comparison was made between rabbit's eyes which had an intravitreal injection
      of either 400,000 autologous or homologous skin fibroblasts. The follow-up period
      was up to 6 months with autologous and 10 weeks with homologous cells. The
      evaluation involved the clinical assessment of membrane formation, retinal
      detachment and anterior segment inflammation. In addition, a detailed
      histological, electron microscopic and autoradiographic study was made of
      membrane development and changes in the surrounding tissue. Clinical evaluations
      revealed little difference between the two models. However, on the basis of
      macroscopic and microscopic examination, homologous cells produced more extensive
      detachments and more pronounced retinal gliosis. Plasma cells were evident in the
      choroid 6 weeks after homologous fibroblast injection, but they were not
      associated to any appreciable extent with the autologous model. Fibrovascular
      proliferation from around the optic nerve head made a major contribution to the
      formation of membranes in the experiments with homologous fibroblasts but not
      those using the autologous cells.

PMID- 4065591
TI  - Histologic changes in the inner retina of albino rats following intravitreal
      injection of monosodium L-glutamate.
AB  - Monosodium L-glutamate is known to cause intracellular swelling, necrosis, and
      disappearance of most inner retinal neurons, with concomitant thinning of inner
      retinal layers within hours after subcutaneous injection into neonatal rodents. A
      similar process can be observed in adult rat retina after intravitreal glutamate
      injection. To better describe and compare this process with that reported after
      systemic application, adult Sprague-Dawley rat eyes were intravitreally injected
      with 1 mumol monosodium L-glutamate and the retinas studied by LM and EM over a 2
      month period. Results demonstrated that adult rat retina experienced severe
      degenerative changes which progressed in two stages: an initial stage of massive
      intracellular swelling and a second stage of necrosis and cell loss. Degeneration
      involved ganglion and inner nuclear layer cells. Inner retinal thickness
      decreased concurrently. By 2 months post-injection, degenerative changes in rod
      spherules and some loss of photoreceptor nuclei were observed. Both time course
      and severity of the lesion differed from that described in prior studies after
      systemic treatment.

PMID- 4065592
TI  - Effect of bromhexine, ambroxol, and placebo on clinical and histopathological
      changes in "Sjogren" mice.
AB  - Hybrids of New Zealand black and New Zealand white mice were used in an animal
      model for Sjogren's syndrome. The animals were treated with bromhexine
      (Bisolvon), ambroxol (Mucosolvan), or placebo from their 20th week of life for 10
      17 weeks. The parotic glands were examined in a masked fashion by light and
      transmission electron microscopy after treatment. Significant inhibition of
      pathological changes in the parotic glands was observed by both methods in
      hybrids receiving 60 mg/kg bromhexine. Other types of treatment had no effect. In
      addition, the animals receiving the high dosage of bromhexine had a significantly
      higher survival rate than other hybrids.

PMID- 4065593
TI  - Lipofuscin accumulation in extraocular muscle of rats deficient in vitamins E and
      A.
AB  - The influences of vitamin E and A deficiencies on the formation of lipofuscin in
      two different muscle fiber types of the extraocular muscle were tested. Weanling
      female albino rats (Sprague-Dawley) were divided into three groups and fed
      purified diets that were adequate or deficient in vitamin E and A: +E, +A; -E,
      +A; and -E, -A. After 35 weeks on this diet, the animals were killed for analysis
      of extraocular muscle. When examined by fluorescence microscopy, the extraocular
      muscle of the (-E, +A) rats showed more lipofuscin-specific fluorescence than the
      (+E, +A) and (-E, -A) rats. Lipofuscin was then further analyzed by electron
      microscopy (EM), using morphometric analysis. By this high-resolution technique,
      the increased lipofuscin of the (-E, +A) extraocular muscle was seen to be
      confined mostly to the type I fibers. The type II fibers were quite insensitive
      to vitamin E deficiency: in type II fibers, the (-E, +A) and (-E, -A) muscle
      showed very small amounts of lipofuscin, and the (+E, +A) showed none at all.
      Vitamin A has an influence on vitamin E-deficiency and appears to be involved in
      the formation of lipofuscin in type I muscle fibers of the extraocular muscle.

PMID- 4065594
TI  - The alkali burned cornea: electron microscopical, enzyme histochemical, and
      biochemical observations.
AB  - The early phase of wound healing after small central alkali burns of the guinea
      pig cornea was studied using electron microscopical, enzyme histochemical, and
      biochemical techniques. In the first phase, which was morphologically
      characterized by the destruction of the epithelium and keratocytes and by the
      infiltration of the cornea with polymorphonuclear leukocytes, an increase in the
      activity of lysosomal phosphatases and glycosidases (beta-D-glucuronidase, acid
      beta-D-galactosidase, beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase) was noticed. In the second
      phase, the cornea was invaded by capillaries and fibroblasts. In this phase, the
      activity of proteases (aminopeptidase M, dipeptidyl peptidase IV) increased intra
      and extracellularly, suggesting that these enzymes may be involved in the
      turnover of the collagenous matrix and the ground substance. Using synthetic 4
      methoxy-2-naphthylamine substrates and fluorescence-band detection techniques
      after isoelectric focusing, an increase in the activity of endopeptidases was
      demonstrated. The decreased activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase may be
      linked with the activation of latent collagenase.

PMID- 4065595
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the embryotoxic action of various cadmium compounds].

PMID- 4065596
TI  - [Prediction of the toxicity of polymeric materials during combustion].

PMID- 4065597
TI  - [Fluorine in food products made from Antarctic krill and its hygienic
      significance].

PMID- 4065598
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of meat products with mineral additives].

PMID- 4065599
TI  - [Nonionizing microwave radiation as an inducer of autoallergic processes].

PMID- 4065600
TI  - [Laser radiation dosimetry at the work site].

PMID- 4065601
TI  - [Analysis of the organization of laboratory and instrumental research at
      epidemiological health stations on child and adolescent hygiene].

PMID- 4065603
TI  - [Means for improving the professional training of students of a health and
      hygiene department].

PMID- 4065602
TI  - [Basic results and tasks of biomedical research in hygiene].

PMID- 4065604
TI  - [A method of determining diphenyl (para-tertbutylphenyl) phosphate in the air].

PMID- 4065606
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of complex indices for assessing atmospheric air
      pollution].

PMID- 4065605
TI  - [Chromatographic methods of determining Vydate in the air].

PMID- 4065607
TI  - [Study of the toxic substances formed during oxo synthesis].

PMID- 4065608
TI  - [A method for evaluating the dust-protection effectiveness of closed-type
      goggles].

PMID- 4065609
TI  - [Problems in the hygienic regulation of the use of polymeric materials abroad].

PMID- 4065610
TI  - [A new method for the integral assessment of the optimal and permissible
      microclimate].

PMID- 4065611
TI  - [Errors in the comparative evaluation of complex indices of atmospheric air
      pollution].

PMID- 4065612
TI  - [Experimental study of the action on the skin of a protective cleansing paste
      recommended for workers manufacturing technical-grade carbon].

PMID- 4065613
TI  - [Sanitary chemical evaluation of a carbamidoformaldehyde foam plastic].

PMID- 4065614
TI  - [Hygienic training of the students of mining vocational and technical schools and
      means for its improvement].

PMID- 4065615
TI  - [Hygienic evaluations of ozone formation during electron treatment of materials].

PMID- 4065616
TI  - [Simulation model of the action of atmospheric pollutants on the respiratory
      compartment of the lungs].

PMID- 4065617
TI  - [Toxicity of nitrosodimethylamine at various ages in the life of animals].

PMID- 4065618
TI  - [Aphos biotransformation in the body of rats].

PMID- 4065619
TI  - [Changes in the enzyme activity in the alveolar macrophages of white rats exposed
      to polymetallic dust].

PMID- 4065621
TI  - [Contamination, with Gram-negative microorganisms, of a specialized department
      for newborn infants].

PMID- 4065620
TI  - [Experimental study of the gonadotoxic action of 1-phenyl-4-amino-5
      chloropyridazole-6].

PMID- 4065622
TI  - [Information from the Soviet Toxicology Center].

PMID- 4065623
TI  - [Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of highly mineralized water].

PMID- 4065624
TI  - [Hygienic regulation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-alpha-propionic acid in food
      products].

PMID- 4065625
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of ski boots].

PMID- 4065626
TI  - [ The effectiveness of health-improving measures in steep strata mines in the
      central region of the Donetsk mining area].

PMID- 4065627
TI  - [Determining average body temperature in humans performing physical work].

PMID- 4065628
TI  - [Equivalence of changes in microclimatic parameters].

PMID- 4065629
TI  - [Morphological indicators of the biological effects of hydroaerosols of various
      compositions].

PMID- 4065630
TI  - [Hygienic aspects of optimal air quality in modern schools].

PMID- 4065631
TI  - [Sanitary education and the problems of improving work conditions during the
      first few years of the Five-Year Plan].

PMID- 4065633
TI  - [Determining Th-232 level in bone tissue].

PMID- 4065632
TI  - [Effect of social, psychological, physiological and medical indicators on work
      capacity].

PMID- 4065634
TI  - [Hygienic aspects of using exposure tests for the quantitative evaluation of
      toxic effects of harmful substances absorbed through the skin].

PMID- 4065635
TI  - [Sanitaro-hygienic requirements for the design, construction and operation of
      therapeutic beaches].

PMID- 4065636
TI  - [Use of the photometric method for determining bromide levels in biological
      fluids].

PMID- 4065637
TI  - [Amniotic fluid as a test-object in the experimental study of the embryotoxic
      effect of chemical substances].

PMID- 4065638
TI  - [Toxic effect of products of combustion of materials in high environmental
      temperature with low oxygen level].

PMID- 4065639
TI  - [Resorption of Pu-238 in acid solutions after skin contamination and the
      effectiveness of its inactivation].

PMID- 4065640
TI  - [Radiation dosage in occupational irradiation of personnel].

PMID- 4065641
TI  - [Effect of air temperature and physical exertion on carbon monoxide toxicity].

PMID- 4065642
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the contamination of food products in refrigerators].

PMID- 4065643
TI  - [Functional state of the central nervous system of students in the 9-10th grades
      working at the educational-industrial combine].

PMID- 4065644
TI  - A nutrition training program for social workers serving the homebound elderly.

PMID- 4065645
TI  - Systems integration at the program level: aging and mental health.

PMID- 4065646
TI  - To old folks with love: aged income maintenance in America.

PMID- 4065647
TI  - Unemployment and family dynamics in meeting the needs of Chinese elderly in the
      United States.

PMID- 4065648
TI  - Adjustment problems of Korean American elderly.

PMID- 4065649
TI  - The support needs and resources of Puerto Rican elders.

PMID- 4065650
TI  - Ageism in psychiatrists: associations with gender, certification, and theoretical
      orientation.

PMID- 4065651
TI  - A comparison of somatic complaints among depressed and non-depressed older
      persons.

PMID- 4065652
TI  - The therapists' reactions to the elderly.

PMID- 4065653
TI  - Employment experience of gerontology master's degree graduates.

PMID- 4065654
TI  - Age and the determinants of teacher job satisfaction.

PMID- 4065655
TI  - Aging and the baseline code: an alternative to the "normless elderly".

PMID- 4065656
TI  - Guardianship of the elderly in Tallahassee, Florida.

PMID- 4065657
TI  - Senior center participation.

PMID- 4065658
TI  - [Maternal mortality caused by hemorrhage. An 11-year analysis. Hospital de Gineco
      Obstetricia No. 4, I.M.M.S].

PMID- 4065659
TI  - [Role of colposcopy in the diagnosis of intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix].

PMID- 4065660
TI  - [Twin pregnancy].

PMID- 4065661
TI  - [Different prognoses in cervico-uterine cancer. Clinical stage III-B].

PMID- 4065662
TI  - [Value of meconium as a perinatal risk indicator in prolonged pregnancy].

PMID- 4065663
TI  - [Hemorrhage of the adrenal glands in pregnancy and the puerperium].

PMID- 4065664
TI  - [Tissue hormonal concentration: estrogen uptake by the myometrium].

PMID- 4065665
TI  - [Surgical sterilization: 10 years' experience].

PMID- 4065666
TI  - [Changes in menstrual pattern following tubal ligation].

PMID- 4065667
TI  - [Hysterocolpectomy in prolapse of the uterus in the elderly woman].

PMID- 4065668
TI  - [Characterization of fetal functional states].

PMID- 4065669
TI  - [Clinical, cytological and histopathological correlations in perimenopausal
      bleeding].

PMID- 4065670
TI  - [Neurological complications in the puerperium. Presentation of a case].

PMID- 4065671
TI  - [Vesicovaginal fistula. Transvesical vs. transvaginal route].

PMID- 4065672
TI  - [Induction of anti-progesterone antibodies. Results of 2 systems].

PMID- 4065673
TI  - [Thromboembolism of the pulmonary arteries--classification, prognosis and
      surgical tactics].

PMID- 4065674
TI  - [Transvenous destruction of the atrioventricular junction in supraventricular
      tachyarrhythmias].

PMID- 4065675
TI  - [Surgical tactics in calcified mitral valve stenosis].

PMID- 4065676
TI  - [Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of multiple peripheral stenoses of the
      pulmonary artery].

PMID- 4065677
TI  - [Structuro-organizational concept of myocardial autoregulation].

PMID- 4065678
TI  - [Differential diagnosis and tactics in the treatment of patients with
      chondromatous hamartoma of the lung].

PMID- 4065679
TI  - [Diathermocoagulation and laser photocoagulation in the treatment of bullous lung
      disease].

PMID- 4065680
TI  - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of pulmonary echinococcosis].

PMID- 4065681
TI  - [Surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease (experience with 1200 operations)
      and the prospects for its development].

PMID- 4065682
TI  - [Experience with the surgical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis associated with
      cancer].

PMID- 4065683
TI  - [Complex prevention of suppurative-inflammatory complications of chest injury].

PMID- 4065684
TI  - [Endocarditis in artificial heart valves].

PMID- 4065685
TI  - [Problem of narrow fibrous rings in the surgery of heart valves].

PMID- 4065686
TI  - [A rare case of aortocaval fistula complicated by thromboembolism of the branches
      of the pulmonary artery].

PMID- 4065687
TI  - [Simultaneous correction of Ebstein's anomaly associated with interventricular
      septal defect and WPW (B) syndrome].

PMID- 4065688
TI  - [2 cases of giant fibroma of the lung].

PMID- 4065689
TI  - [A case of rare localization and complications of echinococcosis].

PMID- 4065690
TI  - [A case of the successful revascularization of a free segment of the colon for
      segmental plastic surgery of the esophagus and pharynx using an original method].

PMID- 4065691
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of esophageal perforation caused by injury by an
      endotracheal anesthetic tube].

PMID- 4065692
TI  - [Simultaneous total thyroidectomy and thymectomy in myasthenia gravis associated
      with cancer of the thyroid gland].

PMID- 4065693
TI  - Histamine and the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer disease.

PMID- 4065694
TI  - Serum pepsinogens I and II and gastric mucosal histology after partial
      gastrectomy.
AB  - We determined the effect of postgastrectomy gastritis on serum pepsinogen I and
      pepsinogen II concentrations in 108 subjects with subtotal gastric resection.
      Eleven had normal remnant mucosa, 22 had superficial gastritis, and 75 had
      atrophic gastritis. In the subjects with superficial gastritis, serum pepsinogen
      I and II concentrations were significantly higher than in those with normal
      remnant mucosa, but the ratio of pepsinogen I to II did not differ from normal.
      In atrophic gastritis, serum pepsinogen I concentrations fell with increasing
      severity of mucosal damage, but pepsinogen II was persistently raised.
      Consequently, the ratio of pepsinogen I to II in subjects with atrophic gastritis
      was significantly lower than in those with superficial gastritis or normal
      remnant mucosa. Discriminant function analysis revealed that the ratio of
      pepsinogen I to II, in combination with the absolute level of pepsinogen II, had
      a sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 73%, and a positive predictive value of
      87% for atrophic gastritis in this population. We propose that the parallel
      increase in serum pepsinogen I and II concentrations in postgastrectomy
      superficial gastritis is because of an increased rate of endocrine release of
      both zymogens from the fundic glands, and that the dichotomy in pepsinogen I and
      II concentrations in postgastrectomy atrophic gastritis results from the loss of
      fundic glands, which produce both zymogens, and the appearance of metaplastic
      pyloric glands, which produce only pepsinogen II.

PMID- 4065695
TI  - Campylobacter pyloridis in peptic ulcer disease: microbiology, pathology, and
      scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - After the recent successful isolation of spiral organisms from the stomach this
      paper presents the bacteriological and pathological correlation of gastric antral
      biopsies from 51 patients endoscopied for upper gastrointestinal symptoms.
      Campylobacter pyloridis was cultured from 29 patients and seen by either silver
      staining of the biopsy or scanning electron microscopy in an additional three.
      The organism was cultured from 23 of the 33 (69%) patients with peptic ulcer
      disease and from within this group 17 (80%) of the 21 patients with duodenal
      ulceration. It was cultured only once from the 12 normal biopsies in the series
      but from 27 of the 38 (71%) biopsies showing gastritis. C pyloridis was also
      cultured from five out of seven of the 14 endoscopically normal patients, who
      despite this had biopsy evidence of gastritis. It was the sole organism cultured
      from 65% of the positive biopsies and scanning electron microscopy invariably
      revealed it deep to the surface mucus layer. C pyloridis persisted in the three
      patients with duodenal ulcers after treatment and healing. The findings support
      the hypothesis that C pyloridis is aetiologically related to gastritis and peptic
      ulceration though its precise role still remains to be defined.

PMID- 4065696
TI  - Does the reticulin binding property of cereal proteins demonstrable in vitro have
      pathogenetic significance for coeliac disease?
AB  - We used an indirect immunofluorescence technique, using rabbit antisera against
      cereal protein extracts, to determine which cereal proteins bind to reticulin in
      tissue sections and which do not. Wheat albumin extracts and globulins and
      gliadin extracts from a range of different wheat varieties, and prolamine
      extracts of barley and rye each bound to reticulin in vitro, while prolamine
      extracts of maize and rice did not. Wheat gluten subfractions were also tested.
      Subfractions B and C and subfractions B2 and B3 did bind, but fraction A and
      subfraction B1 did not. The results suggest an association between in vitro
      reticulin binding and the ability to induce gluten sensitive enteropathy on
      feeding.

PMID- 4065697
TI  - Granulomatous involvement of the liver in patients with AIDS.
AB  - During a one month period liver biopsy was carried out on eight patients with
      established acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and two suspected of
      having AIDS to evaluate raised liver enzymes or unexplained fever and weight
      loss. Each of the 10 patients were found to have hepatic granulomas. Appropriate
      staining techniques showed acid-fast bacilli in seven of the liver specimens. One
      specimen contained numerous Cryptococcal organisms. Two biopsies showed
      granulomas but no organisms. Liver biopsy was found to be a high yield and rapid
      diagnostic procedure in patients with AIDS. Our results suggest that hepatic
      mycobacterial infection may be more common in the syndrome than previously
      recognised and that liver biopsy specimens should be examined routinely for the
      presence of acid-fast bacilli.

PMID- 4065698
TI  - Conjugated bile acids in serum and secretions in response to
      cholecystokinin/secretin stimulation in children with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - More than 80% of patients with cystic fibrosis have poor pancreatic function, and
      have large daily faecal bile acid losses. This has been postulated to lower
      luminal bile acid concentrations and adversely affect fat absorption. We studied,
      for the first time, quantitative individual conjugated duodenal bile acid
      secretion rates into the duodenum during cholecystokinin/secretin infusion in 55
      cystic fibrosis patients and six controls, using a quantitative non-absorbable
      marker technique. We were able to show adequate duodenal total bile acid
      concentrations and normal secretion rates in these children. The bile acid
      secretion pattern in cystic fibrosis patients showed a marked increase in bile
      acid concentration during cholecystokinin/secretin infusion, to levels which were
      above the critical micellar concentration indicating that the gall bladder is a
      functional organ in this disease. The subsequent fall in secretion rate was
      similar to controls. We have documented a significantly raised glycine/taurine
      bile acid conjugation ration in duodenal juice from cystic fibrosis patients and
      suggest that the combined effects of lowered ileal pH and increased glycine
      conjugated proportion of bile acids may cause precipitation of bile acids leading
      to decreased fat absorption and large faecal bile acid losses. To further
      investigate bile acid secretion in children with cystic fibrosis, we modified the
      high performance thin layer chromatography/densitometry method to enable
      measurement of individual glycine and taurine conjugates in serum. In comparing
      cystic fibrosis patients and controls, we were able to determine a group of 18
      (36%) with bile acid evidence of liver damage who also showed reduced bile acid
      secretion into the duodenum. We were unable to study changes in serum bile acids
      during cholecystokinin/secretin infusion because of the high level of bile acid
      contamination in Boots Secretin. Some patients showed raised fasting serum bile
      acid concentrations more than two years before changes in conventional liver
      function tests or clinically evident liver disease. We have shown fasting serum
      bile acids to be a sensitive measure of liver dysfunction in cystic fibrosis and
      postulate that raised proportions of glycine conjugated bile acids may be
      responsible for the high incidence of liver disease in cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 4065699
TI  - Development of cimetidine resistance in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
AB  - A patient with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome was followed with multiple gastric
      secretion tests and serum gastrin analyses for six years. During this period
      cimetidine requirement increased to a daily dose of 8 g, but it reversed
      spontaneously after two years. The altered cimetidine effectiveness was not
      associated with reduced oral bioavailability and serum calcium was unchanged.
      Total serum gastrin was very high at all times, and fractionation of gastrins in
      serum by gel filtration showed varying proportion of big to small gastrins, but
      not in a mode which explained the parietal cell resistance to cimetidine.

PMID- 4065700
TI  - Chylous ascites, intestinal lymphangiectasia and the 'yellow-nail' syndrome.
AB  - In 1964 Samman and White described 13 patients with lymphoedema of the lower
      extremities associated with an unusual dystrophy of the finger and toe nails:
      this they termed the 'yellow-nail' syndrome. Affected nails were thickened,
      excessively curved along both axes, very slow growing and of yellowish-grey hue;
      cuticle and lunula were usually absent and onycholysis was frequently evident.
      Lower limb lymphangiography in most individuals revealed hypoplasia, or aplasia
      of the lymphatics, similar to that occurring in primary lymphoedema: other
      patients also developed pleural effusions of high protein content or ascites
      suggestive of a more generalised disorder of the lymphatic system. Here we
      describe a patient in whom the classical 'yellow-nail' syndrome was associated
      with intestinal and chylous ascites.

PMID- 4065701
TI  - Methane excretion in man.

PMID- 4065702
TI  - Combined manometry and antimony pH catheter.

PMID- 4065703
TI  - Morphine: continuous intravenous infusion versus intramuscular injections for
      postoperative pain relief.
AB  - Postoperative pain was controlled in 42 patients with either continuous
      intravenous (iv) or scheduled intramuscular morphine following surgery for
      gynecologic cancers. In this double-blind study, no statistical differences were
      found in pain control or rate of complications between the two methods of
      administration. Both routes were effective in controlling pain without producing
      major toxicity. Initial doses were based on the patient's weight and then
      adjusted every 4 hr. We conclude that both methods are safe and effective but
      that continuous iv infusion is the preferred route because of the ease of
      administration, elimination of multiple intramuscular injections, and possibly
      more even pain control.

PMID- 4065704
TI  - Endometrial carcinoma stage I--comparison of two different treatment regimes-
      evaluation of risk factors and its influence on prognosis; suggested step by step
      treatment protocol.
AB  - Two hundred twenty-four patients with stage I endometrial carcinoma were treated
      between the years 1964 and 1978. One hundred and fifteen patients were classified
      as clinical stage Ia (51.3%) and 109 patients as clinical state Ib (48.7%). For
      stage Ia the standard treatment protocol was total abdominal hysterectomy and
      bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH + BSO). In stage Ib disease, preoperative
      irradiation was performed followed by TAH + BSO after an interval of 4 to 6
      weeks. Postoperative irradiation to the pelvis and vaginal vault was given when
      extrauterine spread was found and in cases of myometrial penetration beyond the
      inner one-third of the myometrium. At evaluation in May 1983, the rate of disease
      recurrence in stage Ia was 20% and in stage Ib 9.1%. Five-year survival in stage
      Ia was 77.3% and 72.4% in stage Ib. Preoperative irradiation was found justified
      for G3 disregarding the clinical stage, therefore the approach of routine
      preoperative irradiation in stage Ib is not recommended. The uterine cavity depth
      was found to be an inaccurate prognostic parameter. According to the data
      collected in our material the histological grade and myometrial invasion are much
      better prognostic parameter and should be taken into consideration while planning
      the treatment regime.

PMID- 4065705
TI  - Preclinical cancer of the cervix: diagnostic pitfalls.
AB  - This paper outlines the pitfalls encountered in the diagnosis of 127 preclinical
      cancers of the cervix. Each patient had cervical cytology, colposcopy, and
      histology performed within the same institution. Early stromal invasion was
      diagnosed in 55 patients and occult invasion was diagnosed in 72 patients. For
      preclinical cancers as a group, the possibility of invasive carcinoma was
      predicted cytologically in 36% and suspected colposcopically in 41%. However, in
      over 85% of patients the abnormal transformation zone (TZ) extended into or was
      totally confined within the endocervical canal and could not be adequately
      evaluated with the colposcope. A feature of this study was the high incidence of
      incomplete excision of abnormal tissue by cone biopsy and a high incidence of
      residual disease at hysterectomy. Cone biopsy was necessary to accurately assess
      the maximum depth and extent of invasion prior to definitive therapy whenever
      invasion was suspected colposcopically or on target biopsy. In 10 of 16 such
      patients, the cone biopsy demonstrated occult invasion. Colposcopy and directed
      target biopsy alone was adequate for the diagnosis of frank invasive cancer in 22
      of the 72 patients in the occult invasion group, enabling definitive therapy to
      be undertaken without further delay.

PMID- 4065706
TI  - Value of prognostic parameters in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva.
AB  - In a series of 137 patients with cancer of the vulva who had undergone radical
      surgery we investigated, by means of a Cox regression model, which combination of
      clinical variables and clinical as well as histopathological variables afforded
      the best prediction of survival/death from cancer and survival/death from other
      causes. Among clinical variables the best prediction was afforded by a
      combination of tumor site in the clitoris/not clitoris, tumor size greater or
      smaller than 40 mm, obesity/not obesity, and age. Among clinical and
      histopathological variables the best prediction was by a combination of groin
      node metastases/not groin node metastases, tumor site in the clitoris/not
      clitoris, degree of differentiation high/moderate + low, and age. The combination
      of clinical and histopathological variables had a significantly better predictive
      power than clinical variables alone. The best prognostic group in both
      combinations had a 5-year-survival for cancer of 98%, while the poorest
      prognostic group in the two combinations showed a 5-year survival for cancer of
      19 and 9%. The best predictors of death from causes other than cancer were age
      and a poor general health. It is concluded that the poorest prognostic group is
      definitely under treated and that the best prognostic group is presumably over
      treated. Patients in poor general health and with a good cancer prognosis should
      receive a more conservative treatment.

PMID- 4065707
TI  - Fractured ureteral catheters in gynecologic oncology.
AB  - Two cases of fractured polyethylene double-pigtail ureteral catheters in pelvic
      cancer patients are reported. Current literature leaves a large void in guiding
      the management of these catheters. Surveillance techniques to help avoid
      complications in patients requiring these catheters are suggested.

PMID- 4065709
TI  - Uterine sarcomas: a clinicopathologic study.

PMID- 4065708
TI  - Vulvar lymphangioma circumscriptum: a rare complication of therapy for squamous
      cell carcinoma of the cervix.
AB  - The clinical and pathological features of a case of multifocal lymphangioma
      circumscriptum of the vulva are reported in a patient with chronic lymphedema of
      a lower extremity. Ten years previously the patient had been treated for squamous
      cell carcinoma of the cervix. Although lymphangioma circumscriptum is an
      extremely rare complication of altered lymphatic drainage, the presence of
      multiple noninflammatory vesicular appearing lesions in this setting should
      suggest the correct diagnosis.

PMID- 4065710
TI  - Uterine sarcoma in Israel: a study of 104 cases.

PMID- 4065711
TI  - [Surgical treatment of symmastia].
AB  - Symmastia means a connecting tissue between the two breasts with restricted
      flexibility. This disease is seldom mentioned in the literature. As therapy a
      slide-swing plasty is suggested.

PMID- 4065712
TI  - [The lyophilized homologous nerve graft for the prevention of neuroma formation
      (animal experiment study)].
AB  - Animal experiments were performed in an attempt to prevent formation of
      amputation neuromas. For this purpose lyophilized homologous nerve transplants
      were used. Experiments were performed with the sciatic nerve of the rat. Results
      were compared with those achieved by using fresh autologous transplants and by
      covering the nerve ends with fibrin glue. Axons exhibited reduced growth within
      the empty spaces of the lyophilized transplant thus limiting uncontrolled growth
      of axons. Neuromas never occurred at the free end of this lyophilized transplant.
      Neuromas observed (13 out of 90) occurred at the juncture site. With respect to
      suture techniques epineural suture in combination with fibrin glue proved to be
      best.

PMID- 4065713
TI  - [The accessory brachial tendon--a rare cause of pronator teres syndrome].
AB  - The pronator syndrome is caused by a compression of the median nerve at the level
      of the elbow. In the case presented bizonal compression of the nerve was seen,
      first by the lacertus fibrosus, second by an isolated abnormal tendon of the
      brachialis muscle. The treatment, therefore, includes the early and extensive
      operative exploration of the nerve, the resection of all compressive structures
      and sometimes interfascicular neurolysis and transposition of the nerve anterior
      to the pronator teres, when the nerve is in a badly scarred bed.

PMID- 4065714
TI  - [Intraoperative electroneurography during decompression of the median nerve in
      the carpal tunnel].
AB  - Observations in 261 patients suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome in whom 303
      decompressions of the median nerve had been performed led us to the conclusion
      that a definite improvement of the transmission rate occurs during operation.
      Distal latency has been measured during operation in 20 patients before and after
      transecting the flexor retinaculum, after neurolysis and also after releasing the
      tourniquet. Our findings confirm a positive effect on the transmission rate
      occurring immediately after transecting the flexor retinaculum.

PMID- 4065715
TI  - [Osteotomy and osteosynthesis of the clavicle in brachial plexus surgery].
AB  - During the operative revision of the brachial plexus lesion the exposure is
      sometimes not wide enough without an osteotomy of the clavicle. The authors
      developed, therefore, a special technique consisting of internal fixation with a
      lag-screw prior to the oblique osteotomy of the clavicle. At the end of the
      operation stable internal fixation can be achieved within a few minutes. This
      internal fixation proved to be stable, even for passive mobilization in total
      plexus lesions in sixteen cases over a follow-up time over five years. Primary
      bone healing always occurred. The technique is described.

PMID- 4065716
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of psychogenic paralyses in the hand region].
AB  - Beside the importance of its prehensile function the human hand plays an
      essential role in the conveyance of expression. Manual gestures support the mimic
      and confirm the spoken word. Based on the psychofunctional connection between
      mimic and gesture the hand becomes an outlet for psychogenic disorders. The
      resultant projection of emotional processes into motor disorders has been a
      matter of conjecture etiologically. Psychogenic manifestation in isolated motor
      disorders of the hand is considered to be either a functional nervous disorder or
      a focal dystonia. In comparison to the conversion phenomena reported up until
      now, in which flexor muscle units of the hand are involved with increased
      muscular activity (spasm), the cases presented here are characterized by a
      functional motor disorder manifested as an isolated paralysis of a selective
      extensor muscle unit (M. extensor pollicis longus) of the hand. After a
      multidisciplinary approach including clinical morphology, neurology, EMG and
      psychiatry the final diagnosis of a psychogenic paralysis of the hand is made
      using direct electro-stimulation of the neuromuscular unit with a needle
      electrode under simultaneous elimination of the psychic influence (general
      anesthesia without muscular relaxation). Through such confirmed motor inactivity
      the psychic genesis of the clinically existing paralysis is proven. Through
      immediate introduction of a multimodal therapy including physical and psychiatric
      treatment psychogenic paralyses of the hand can be restored totally.

PMID- 4065717
TI  - A simple method for enhancing X-ray details.
AB  - The authors describe a simple and low-cost process to achieve a bas-relief effect
      with normal X-rays, allowing observation of fine detail. No additional apparatus
      is needed and patient exposure is not increased.

PMID- 4065719
TI  - [Tenosynovitis in chronic inflammatory joint diseases and its sequelae in the
      area of the hand].
AB  - The synovial lining of tendons may participate early in chronic rheumatic
      diseases. As a result of the inflammatory activity degenerative changes of
      tendons may occur. Increasing damage to tendons ends in their rupture. At 775
      tenosynovectomies, 395 of them in chronic rheumatic diseases, in 68 patients (78
      hands) 173 ruptures of tendons (14 flexors, 159 extensors) were found. The value
      of early tenosynovectomy as a preventive measure is emphasized.

PMID- 4065718
TI  - [Thumb joint replantations without venous anastomosis. Report of 3 cases].
AB  - In this paper we report on three successfully replanted distal phalanx of thumbs
      without venous anastomosis. In our opinion the backflow can only be through the
      cancellous bone of the arthrodesis of the DIP joint or the osteosynthesis of the
      distal phalanx.

PMID- 4065720
TI  - [Intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4065721
TI  - [Total care in the management of children with chronic hematological disorders].

PMID- 4065722
TI  - [Evaluation of bone changes in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 4065723
TI  - [Etiology of acute viral hepatitis in Israel].

PMID- 4065724
TI  - [Non-functioning carcinoma of the adrenal cortex].

PMID- 4065725
TI  - [Vanishing bone].

PMID- 4065726
TI  - [Oculo-cerebro-renal syndrome in a newborn].

PMID- 4065727
TI  - [Primary mesothelioma of the peritoneum].

PMID- 4065728
TI  - [The treatment of bladder cancer with Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG)].

PMID- 4065729
TI  - [C5a inhibitor as a regulator of inflammation in serosal and synovial tissues-
      the significance of its deficiency in familial Mediterranean fever].

PMID- 4065730
TI  - [Pelvic inflammatory disease caused by intrauterine devices].

PMID- 4065731
TI  - [Preoperative skin preparation].

PMID- 4065732
TI  - [Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis].

PMID- 4065733
TI  - Medical care organization and the social service connection.
AB  - The medical profession has long dominated the organization of medical care in
      this country and has inevitably influenced the form taken by social work practice
      in medical settings. An overview of the forces and events that have shaped
      American medical care into a pluralistic health care system reveals that social
      workers will need to increase efforts to strike out on their own in the coming
      years.

PMID- 4065734
TI  - Health policy and social workers in health: past, present, and future.
AB  - From its beginnings, social work has concerned itself with the broad social
      problems and issues affecting all society's citizens, and health care in this
      country has been one arena for this concern. Practice in health settings has both
      shaped and been shaped by health policy. What will its direction be in the years
      to come?

PMID- 4065735
TI  - The emergence of bioethics in social work.
AB  - Ethical issues in health care, or bioethics, are not new to social work, but the
      maturation of the profession no less than scarce resources and advances in
      technology are focusing increased attention on social workers' responses to
      complex moral questions. A review of the history and scope of these issues
      provides a framework for addressing them.

PMID- 4065736
TI  - Research and practice an ongoing relationship.
AB  - Although social work research and practice are sometimes viewed as the opposite
      ends of a continuum, research studies have a continuing impact on practice. In a
      review of noteworthy trends in social work in the health field, this discussion
      indicates that research influences practice in both direct and indirect ways.

PMID- 4065737
TI  - Changing patient populations: considerations for service delivery.
AB  - In keeping with a social work concern that pervades all fields of practice,
      social workers in health settings have always striven to respond to patients'
      individual needs. As the nature and needs of the populations that are social
      work's clientele change, so will the focus of the profession's efforts in
      delivering health care services.

PMID- 4065738
TI  - Responsiveness to need: social work's impact on health care.
AB  - Many factors and events have influenced the practice of social work in the field
      of health, but how has social work shaped health care delivery in turn? This
      examination of social work's impact indicates that the profession has succeeded
      in demonstrating the importance of considering the individual and his or her life
      as a whole in the provision of services.

PMID- 4065739
TI  - Highlights of a decade.

PMID- 4065740
TI  - Ultrastructure of chromatin and ribonucleoprotein structures after partial
      decondensation of nuclei from isolated hepatocytes.

PMID- 4065741
TI  - Histoenzymatic differentiation of the hepatic acinus in experimental conditions.

PMID- 4065742
TI  - Morphometry of the rat testis in postnatal period. I. Physiological conditions.

PMID- 4065743
TI  - Morphometry of the rat testis in postnatal period. II. After administration of
      single dose of cadmium chloride.

PMID- 4065744
TI  - The structure of the lymphomicrocirculatory channels of the skin, subcutaneous
      tissue and fasciae of the lower limb after thrombophlebitis (postthrombophlebitic
      syndrome).

PMID- 4065745
TI  - The carotid canal in rhesus monkey (Cercopithecidae).

PMID- 4065746
TI  - Topography of the lymphatic network of the laryngeal mucosa.

PMID- 4065747
TI  - The course of recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior thyroid artery in human
      fetuses.

PMID- 4065748
TI  - Patterns of anteroposterior curvatures of the vertebral column in children and
      school children in relation to body height.

PMID- 4065749
TI  - The development of twin fetuses.

PMID- 4065750
TI  - The vital pulmonary capacity in men of three races and its relation to some
      anthropometric features.

PMID- 4065751
TI  - Ilio-acromial index and distribution of the subcutaneous adipose tissue in female
      students of Medical Academy in Krakow.

PMID- 4065752
TI  - Studies on the number of C cells in thyroid glands of guinea pigs susceptible and
      resistant to the experimental anaphylactic shock.

PMID- 4065753
TI  - Morphological methods of qualification for tractor-driver profession. Application
      of anthropometric methods of body examination.

PMID- 4065754
TI  - The use of prototypical and serially produced equipments in the anatomical
      laboratory.

PMID- 4065755
TI  - Consultation psychiatry in a Japanese general hospital: patients referred to
      psychiatric consultation.
AB  - A total of 164 (47%) out of 350 new psychiatric patients in a general hospital in
      Japan were those referred to psychiatric consultation. In 47% of the cases,
      concurrent physical and psychiatric disorders were reported. In the referred
      patients, neurosis (38%) was the most common psychiatric disorder, followed by
      other nonorganic psychoses (9%), schizophrenic psychoses (8%), alcoholic
      psychoses (8%), transient organic psychotic conditions (7%), affective psychoses
      (6%) and others. The high frequency of psychiatric emergency cases (23%)
      including cases with suicide attempts (12%) indicated that psychiatrists play an
      important role in psychiatric emergency crisis intervention in the general
      hospital emergency service. In suicide attempts, depression was most prominent,
      but schizophrenic psychoses were also involved in a third of the cases.

PMID- 4065756
TI  - The syndrome of self-induced water intoxication in psychiatric patients.
AB  - This is a report on six psychiatric patients who indulged in excessive ingestion
      of water and subsequently developed tonic-clonic seizures in the course of the
      underlying mental disorders. On the basis of the DSM-III criteria, they were
      diagnosed as follows: schizophrenic disorder, 4; schizo-affective disorder, 1;
      borderline personality disorder, 1. The levels of serum electrolytes were
      estimated during five episodes of seizures in three patients. Hyponatremia was a
      consistent finding (serum sodium: mean = 120.6 mEq/liter). Plasma osmolality and
      plasma levels of arginine vasopressin (AVP) were determined during two episodes
      in two patients. The inappropriately high circulating levels of AVP relative to
      plasma hypoosmolality were documented. However, the response to the overnight
      fluid deprivation and acute water load during the period of no seizures in two
      patients revealed no evidence of the persistent SIADH, suggesting the temporal
      association of hyponatremic encephalopathy with inappropriate AVP secretion. It
      is not conclusive whether the transient SIADH is the cause or the consequence of
      hyponatremic encephalopathy, although a delusion or an auditory hallucination
      could play a critical role in drinking water excessively in three patients.

PMID- 4065757
TI  - Tokyo Child Development Schedule. I. Test-retest reliability and concurrent
      validity.
AB  - The Tokyo Child Development Schedule (TCDS) consisting of 140 items divided into
      seven areas--gross motor, fine motor, self-help, play, socialization, speech and
      comprehension-cognition--was developed. Each item is checked by a caretaker of a
      child with a three-point scale: pass, sometimes pass and fail. All of the seven
      areas and the entire portion of the TCDS exhibited a high grade of test-retest
      reliability. All but two of the items showed good agreement between the results
      of the two-time ratings. In 53 children with or without autistic features, the
      total scores on the TCDS and mental ages on the Japanese version of the Stanford
      Binet Intelligence Scale demonstrated the value of correlation coefficient (r) of
      0.779.

PMID- 4065758
TI  - Prognostic factors of primary generalized epilepsy: a reappraisal of 96 cases in
      terminal remission.
AB  - Ninety-six patients whose diagnosis was definitively confirmed as primary
      generalized epilepsy (PGE) were divided into two groups according to the duration
      of recurrent seizures--A group for less than 7 years and B group for more than 7
      years. The patients of both groups were completely free of seizures for more than
      3 years at the time of the survey. A retrospective comparison was made between
      these two groups in terms of clinical and EEG features. Emphasis was placed on
      the B group which was characterized by an unfavorable seizure outcome. From a
      prognostic point of view, the risk factors indicative of an unfavorable outcome
      of seizures were found as follows: a) the presence of generalized tonic-clonic
      convulsions (GTCs) prior to the occurrence of minor seizures and persisting GTCs
      following the subsidence of minor seizures, b) scanty epileptic EEG findings in
      spite of the sporadic occurrence of GTCs, and c) GTCs tended to associate with
      various seizure-inducing factors. As a conclusion, along with appropriate drug
      treatment, the necessity of comprehensive approaches to the patients' everyday
      life was emphasized in order to achieve a favorable seizure outcome.

PMID- 4065759
TI  - Clinicopathologic studies on neuro-Behcet's disease.
AB  - Nine cases of neuro-Behcet's disease were investigated clinicopathologically.
      Pathological pictures of the central nervous system were characterized as
      follows: the site of predilection was the brain stem, followed by the spinal
      cord, cerebrum and cerebellum. The pathognomonic changes were recurrent
      inflammations around small vessels, causing a softening of the tissue. Lesions
      were composed of a perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes, histiocytes and
      microglias and, moreover, diapedesis, degenerated nerve cells and
      oligodendroglias, glial nodule, breakdown of myelin and axon, fatty granule cells
      and glio-mesenchymal proliferation were present occasionally. Electron
      microscopic studies on the neurons revealed no evidence of viral particles except
      for some accumulations of electron dense bodies.

PMID- 4065760
TI  - Expectancy-related cerebral potentials associated with voluntary time estimation
      and omitted stimulus.
AB  - Expectancy-related and nonexpectancy-related cerebral potentials associated with
      stimuli and omitted stimuli were recorded in 7 normal subjects. The stimuli were
      constantly delivered to the right median nerve and the interstimulus interval was
      set at 7 seconds. When the subject counted to estimate the interstimulus interval
      correctly, a slow negative deflection appeared about one second prior to both the
      stimuli and the omitted stimuli. In the case of the omitted stimulus, this
      expectancy-related negative potential (ENP) returned to the base line after
      several hundred msec. When the stimuli were delivered, the amplitude of the P300
      was much higher when the subject was paying attention to the stimuli than when he
      was not. The scalp distribution of the ENP was rather anterior to the P300. No
      ENP appeared when the subject was not paying attention to the stimuli or the
      omitted stimuli, or when the stimuli were delivered at a random rate.

PMID- 4065762
TI  - Electron microscopic morphometric studies on synaptic vesicles of long-term CPZ
      administered rat striatum.
AB  - The effect of chronic administration of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on the striatal
      synaptic vesicles was quantitatively investigated with an electron microscope.
      Six rats, three controls and three experimentals, which received 20 mg/kg b.wt.
      of CPZ daily for 15 months, were sacrificed and a total of 300 axo-dendritic
      spine synapses (50 synapses per animal) were randomly taken and divided into
      three zones with a width of 160-467 nm on electron micrographs (final
      magnification 60,000). The first zone was adjacent to the presynaptic membrane in
      the region of the synaptic cleft. The second and third were farther away from the
      first zone. In these zones we measured the vesicle density, vesicle size and
      vesicle elongation ratio (the shortest diameter/the longest diameter) with the
      following results: In both the CPZ-administered rats and the controls the vesicle
      number per unit area of axoplasm (vesicle density) was smaller in Zone III than
      in Zones I and II, while those in the latter two zones did not differ from each
      other. However, there was no significant difference in the vesicle number in any
      zone between the control and experimental animals. The vesicles in every zone
      were significantly larger in the CPZ-administered animals than in the controls.
      There were no conclusive findings on the vesicle elongation ratio (vesicle
      shape).

PMID- 4065761
TI  - Movement-related cerebral potentials in schizophrenics.
AB  - Measures concerning the P2 component of movement-related cerebral potentials
      (MPs) (the time from the trigger produced by key-tapping to the onset of P2: T-N
      latency, the width of P2: N-P interval, and the amplitude of P2: N-P amplitude)
      and various clinical factors of 36 schizophrenics were studied and statistically
      compared with those of 35 normal subjects. Concerning the P2 component, 22/36 of
      the schizophrenics showed abnormal findings. These three measures, especially the
      N-P interval, are significantly related to various clinical symptoms at the stage
      when the MPs were recorded but are not related to the previous worst stage. The
      chronicity of schizophrenic illness influenced each measure of the T-N latency
      and N-P interval, both of which were significantly longer than those of the
      normal subjects. The pressure strength, the velocity of key-tapping, the duration
      of muscular contraction, (namely the manner of key-tapping) and the daily dosage
      of neuroleptics did not affect the P2 component. These results suggest that 1)
      the P2 component of MPs is related to certain brain functions as a signal of
      information processing concerning action and not to the peripheral feed-back
      mechanism and 2) abnormal waveforms of the MPs found in pathological psychiatric
      conditions of schizophrenia may be a reflection of disturbances of the central
      mechanism concerning action, attention and volition.

PMID- 4065763
TI  - Proceedings for the 9th meeting of the Japanese Society of Sleep Research. May 11
      12, 1984, Kanazawa. Abstracts.

PMID- 4065764
TI  - Correlation of glutamate plus aspartate dose, plasma amino acid concentration and
      neuronal necrosis in infant mice.
AB  - Eight-day-old mice were given by gavage glutamate and aspartate mixtures
      providing each amino acid at 125, 250 or 500 mg/kg body weight (250, 500 and 1000
      mg total dicarboxylic amino acids/kg) and the degree and extent of neuronal
      necrosis were determined. Similar studies were carried out in mice given
      monosodium L-glutamate at 250 or 500 mg/kg body weight. Plasma aspartate and
      glutamate concentrations were determined at each dose level. No animal given
      either glutamate or the glutamate plus aspartate mixture at 250 mg/kg developed
      neuronal necrosis. However, neuronal necrosis developed in 30% of animals given
      glutamate at 500 mg/kg (12+/-2 necrotic neurons/section in the region of maximal
      damage) and in 17% of animals given 250 mg glutamate/kg plus 250 mg aspartate/kg
      (11-13 necrotic neurons/section in the region of maximal damage). The threshold
      mean peak plasma glutamate plus aspartate concentration associated with neuronal
      necrosis was 128+/-24 mumol/dl. Using these data, and previously published data
      for aspartate-induced neurotoxicity (Finkelstein et al. Toxicology 1983, 29,
      109), the individual threshold plasma glutamate and aspartate concentrations
      associated with neuronal necrosis were calculated to be 110 mumol/dl for
      aspartate and 75 mumol/dl for glutamate.

PMID- 4065765
TI  - Appearance of sulphite and S-sulphonates in the plasma of rats after
      intraduodenal sulphite application.
AB  - Before intraduodenal administration of sodium sulphite solutions to anaesthetized
      rats, the portal vein and the vena cava were cannulated for blood sampling.
      Examination of the plasma showed that S-sulphonates were present in both pre- and
      post-hepatic blood, whereas free sulphite was detectable in the portal blood
      only. It can be concluded that sulphite is absorbed and quickly metabolized,
      either by oxidation or by the formation of S-sulphonates.

PMID- 4065766
TI  - Percutaneous absorption of malathion in the guinea-pig: effect of repeated
      topical application.
AB  - The effects of daily repeated topical application and of washing on the
      percutaneous absorption of malathion have been investigated in guinea-pigs. Skin
      absorption was determined indirectly by measurement of radioactivity excreted
      into the urine following topical administration of 14C-labelled malathion, with
      correction of these values for incomplete renal elimination. Malathion was
      applied at a concentration of 5 mg/cm2 every 24 hr to the same site on the post
      auricular bald area for 15 days. Doses 1, 8 and 15 were radiolabelled. The effect
      of multiple application and washing was assessed by Newman-Keuls multiple range
      test for statistical significance. The percutaneous absorption of malathion was 2
      3 times higher with washing than without. There was no significant increase (P
      greater than 0.05) in the percutaneous absorption of malathion with repeated
      application without washing. These studies suggest that the total penetration of
      malathion resulting from daily topical dosing without daily washing may be
      predicted from a single-dose application to the same unwashed site at an
      equivalent surface concentration, and also that repeated washing with soap and
      water may significantly decrease the barrier function of guinea-pig skin.

PMID- 4065767
TI  - Light- and electron-microscopic evaluation of renal tubular cell vacuolation
      induced by administration of nitrilotriacetate or sucrose.
AB  - Cytoplasmic vacuolation of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells was studied in
      rats following administration of nitrilotriacetate (NTA) or sucrose. Sucrose was
      administered at both a high dose (29.2 mmol/kg) and low dose (7.3 mmol/kg) by ip
      injection. Both levels of sucrose induced severe vacuolation of the renal
      proximal tubular epithelium, as observed by light microscopy. However, at the
      high dose, the vacuolation was widespread, affecting essentially all the proximal
      tubules, while at the low dose, the lesion was distributed in a multifocal
      pattern. Nitrilotriacetate administered by gavage at a level of 7.3 mmol/kg also
      induced severe cytoplasmic vacuolation in the renal proximal tubular epithelium.
      The distribution of this lesion was multifocal and indistinguishable from that
      caused by the 7.3-mmol/kg dose of sucrose. Electron-microscopic examination of
      vacuolated tubule cells demonstrated that, in both the NTA- and sucrose-treated
      animals, the lesion was due to changes in the endocytotic/lysosomal system. The
      nuclei, mitochondria, golgi and endoplasmic reticulum and the highly convoluted
      areas of the basal membrane appeared normal in both the vacuolated and non
      vacuolated tubule cells of rats given either NTA or sucrose.

PMID- 4065769
TI  - Ochratoxin A: plasma concentration and excretion into bile and urine in albumin
      deficient rats.
AB  - The fate of ochratoxin A (OA) injected iv was studied in both albumin-deficient
      and normal rats. The OA concentration in plasma decreased to a level below 0.5
      micrograms/ml within 10 min of the injection in albumin-deficient rats, but
      remained above 50 micrograms/ml for 90 min in normal rats. The OA concentrations
      in bile and urine, and the rate of OA excretion in these fluids were 20-70-fold
      higher in albumin-deficient than in normal rats. The results demonstrate that a
      primary effect of albumin binding on OA is to retard its elimination by
      restricting the entry of OA into the hepatic and renal cells.

PMID- 4065768
TI  - False-positive results in the radioimmunoassay detection of stilbene derivatives
      after administration of fluorinated corticosteroids to animals.
AB  - During routine inspections, indications were found that the therapeutic use of
      fluocortolone or dexamethasone can cause false-positive results in the detection
      of stilbene derivatives by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in samples of animal origin.
      After experimental application of the fluorinated corticosteroids to rabbits or
      calves, the assumed false-positive RIA results were confirmed. The kinetics after
      application of dexamethasone were concomitant with the elimination of radioactive
      [3H]dexamethasone. Furthermore, it could be demonstrated that [3H]dexamethasone
      was transformed in the faeces of rabbits and calves. The metabolites formed were
      not completely separated by the extraction procedure used for the RIA and seemed
      to be responsible for the false-positive results.

PMID- 4065770
TI  - Short-term (6-week) oral toxicity study of selenium in Syrian hamsters.
AB  - The subacute toxicity of selenium was tested by feeding sodium selenite to Syrian
      hamsters at dietary levels of 0.1, 1, 5, 10 and 20 ppm selenium for 42 days.
      General health, survival and organ weights were not adversely affected at any of
      the dose levels. Weight gain and food intake were relatively low in males fed the
      highest dose level. The differences from the control values were not
      statistically significant and there was no similar effect in females. Hamsters
      fed 10 or 20 ppm retained considerably higher levels of selenium in the liver
      than did the controls. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed degenerative
      changes in males and females in the 20-ppm group. The no-toxic-effect level of
      selenium fed in the diet for 42 days to Syrian hamsters was found to be 10 ppm,
      equivalent to an intake of about 0.7 mg selenium/kg body weight/day.

PMID- 4065771
TI  - Peroxides, genes and cancer.

PMID- 4065772
TI  - Does aspartame cause methanol toxicity?

PMID- 4065774
TI  - Shoes versus sneakers in toddler ambulation.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the relative values and differences
      between shoes and sneakers for young children just learning to walk. In phase 1
      of the study, 79 toddlers (47 females and 32 males), ranging in age from 11
      months to 3 years, were carefully measured for footwear. Only 15 toddlers (19%)
      could be properly fitted in the medium-width sneakers that are currently
      available on the market. The majority of the measured toddlers required widths
      greater than D, and to accommodate these wider feet, it was necessary to fit them
      with longer sneakers than they actually needed otherwise, thus making ambulation
      a bit more difficult and clumsy. In phase 2, eight toddlers, randomly selected
      except for sex (four male and four female), ranging in age from 11 to 16 months
      who had been ambulating 2 weeks to 5 months, were tagged with an identifying
      letter and videotaped in four walking situations: sneakers on tile, shoes on
      tile, sneakers on rugging, and shoes on rugging. Four hours of video taping was
      edited down to one-half hour. Twenty-three observers (orthopaedic surgeons,
      pediatricians, and shoe fitters) carefully reviewed the tape on multiple
      occasions and came to the following conclusions: better fit, stance, gait,
      cadence, and stability were noted with shoes in all the toddlers and in all
      situations. Falls were three times more frequent in sneakers as compared to shoes
      on tile surfaces and five times more frequent on rugging. It was concluded that
      the slight economic advantage of sneakers over shoes was not that great to
      warrant jeopardizing the capabilities of the toddler in the earliest stages of
      ambulation.

PMID- 4065773
TI  - A prospective study of the effect of a shock-absorbing orthotic device on the
      incidence of stress fractures in military recruits.
AB  - In a prospective study of stress fractures the hypothesis that a shock-absorbing
      orthotic device worn within military boots could lessen the incidence of stress
      fractures was tested. The incidence of metatarsal, tibial, and femoral stress
      fractures was lower in the orthotic group, but only the latter difference was
      statistically significant. The time of onset and the location of stress fractures
      between orthotic and nonorthotic users did not differ. These findings suggest
      that the incidence of femoral stress fractures, which are the most dangerous type
      of stress fracture because of their high risk of developing into displaced
      fractures, can be reduced by an orthotic device.

PMID- 4065775
TI  - Biomechanical characteristics of human ankle ligaments.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to define the biomechanical characteristics of the
      isolated, individual bone-ligament-bone complexes of the human ankle. Twenty
      human ankles were dissected of all soft tissues to leave only the tibia, fibula,
      talus, and calcaneus with their intact anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular,
      posterior talofibular, and deep deltoid ligaments. Specimens were mounted and
      tested in a Minneapolis Testing System. Protocol consisted of cyclic loading of
      each isolated bone-ligament-bone preparation, followed by several constant
      velocity load-deflection tests at varying deflection rates, followed by a final,
      extremely rapid load to failure test. All ligaments exhibited nonlinearity and
      strain rate dependence in their load-deflection data. These properties were
      correlated with ligament function and trauma. The anterior talofibular ligament,
      the most commonly injured ankle ligament, had the lowest mean maximum load of the
      specimens tested, whereas the deep deltoid ligament, the least frequently
      completely disrupted ankle ligament, had the highest load to failure.

PMID- 4065776
TI  - Osteochondrosis dissecans occurring in the knee and ankle of the same patient.
AB  - Osteochondrosis dissecans is a disease that is known to present in multiple
      joints. A literature search revealed no reports of this lesion appearing in the
      knee and ankle of the same patient. Such a clinical presentation is the basis for
      this report, which is intended to alert clinicians to include osteochondrosis
      dissecans in their differential diagnosis of knee and ankle pain. A short review
      of the literature and treatment alternatives is included.

PMID- 4065777
TI  - Cybex evaluation of the relationship between anterior and posterior compartment
      lower leg muscles.
AB  - Twenty adult males were tested with the Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer,
      comparing in each leg the torque produced by the anterior and posterior muscle
      compartments. Significant torque is produced by the gastroc soleus muscle group,
      even when the knee is bent 90 degrees. There is a significant increase in
      anterior compartment dorsiflexion torque produced with the knee in extension as
      compared to flexion. There is no difference in right or left handedness in
      comparing the results of torque generation in the lower extremity. On the
      average, dorsiflexion torque is approximately one-third of plantarflexion torque
      at slow speeds and half that of plantarflexion at fast speeds.

PMID- 4065778
TI  - Lateral decompression for malunited os calcis fractures.
AB  - Nineteen heels in 19 patients underwent a lateral decompression for hindfoot pain
      secondary to a malunited os calcis fracture with subtalar intra-articular
      involvement. The operative procedure consisted of a lateral calcaneal bony
      prominence removal (ostectomy) and sural nerve release or transection. In
      addition, the peroneal tendons were released, relocated, and lengthened as
      necessary, with repair or reconstruction of their retinaculum. Eight patients
      (group I) had previously undergone a late subtalar fusion without relief of
      lateral symptoms. Eleven patients (group II) underwent a lateral decompression as
      an alternative to late subtalar fusion. In both groups combined, there were 14
      males and 5 females with an average age of 40 years. The average follow-up was 28
      months in group I and 17 months in group II. A satisfactory result was obtained
      in 75% (6 of 8) of the patients in group I and in 82% (9 of 11) of the patients
      in group II. This compares to a published success rate of approximately 50% in
      selected series in the literature and the authors' similar success rate of 46%
      for late subtalar fusion for the same pathology. The results suggest that the
      lateral decompression procedure offers a technically simpler yet effective
      alternative to late subtalar fusion for lateral pain following a malunited os
      calcis fracture with subtalar intra-articular involvement.

PMID- 4065779
TI  - Evaluation of breath-alcohol instruments. III. Controlled field trial with
      Alcolmeter pocket model.
AB  - A breath-alcohol screening device, Alcolmeter pocket model, was evaluated in a
      controlled field trial with policeman operating the instruments. The results of
      tests made with subjects before they drank alcohol were always zero. The standard
      deviation (S.D.) of breath alcohol determinations increased with increase in the
      concentration of alcohol in the sample, being 0.036 mg/ml at a mean blood-ethanol
      concentration of 0.53 mg/ml. The S.D. varied among subjects tested (from 0.022 to
      0.053 mg/ml) as well as among the instruments used (from 0.023 to 0.054 mg/ml).
      The breath test results were on average less than the actual blood-ethanol
      concentrations when a 2100: 1 blood/breath ratio was used to calibrate the
      Alcolmeter device. Blood ethanol (x) and Alcolmeter readings (y) were highly
      correlated (r = 0.95 +/- 0.018) and the regression equation was y = -0.017 +
      0.95x. At a mean blood-ethanol concentration of 0.50 mg/ml, the Alcolmeter
      instrument will indicate 0.46 mg/ml on average. The standard error estimate was
      0.085 mg/ml, being 17% of the mean Alcolmeter reading and this corresponds to 95%
      confidence limits of +/- 0.17 mg/ml. The results of this study show that
      Alcolmeter pocket-model is a useful device for breath-alcohol screening purposes
      at a blood-alcohol level of 0.50 mg/ml. A blood/breath ratio of 2300 should be
      used to calibrate the Alcolmeter device.

PMID- 4065780
TI  - Evaluation of breath-alcohol instruments. IV. Roadside tests with Alcolmeter
      pocket model.
AB  - This paper reports results from a field trial with a breath-alcohol screening
      device--Alcolmeter pocket model. Breath tests were made with drivers apprehended
      during routine controls (road-blocks), for traffic violations and those involved
      in traffic accidents. Of 908 roadside breath tests made with chemical reagent
      tubes, 343 showed zero alcohol (no colour change) and these results were
      confirmed by Alcolmeter. Alcohol was detected in 191 tests but the level was
      judged as being below the legal limit of 0.50 mg/ml. The Alcolmeter results,
      however, ranged from 0 to 1.22 mg/ml (mean 0.21 mg/ml) and 15 individuals (7.8%)
      were above the legal limit. There were 373 positive chemical tube breath
      screening tests whereas in 5 cases (1.3%) Alcolmeter indicated a blood-alcohol
      level below 0.50 mg/ml. Duplicate determinations with the Alcolmeter device were
      highly correlated r = 0.93 +/- 0.02 (+/- S.E.), P less than 0.001. The standard
      deviation of a single breath-alcohol analysis under field conditions was +/- 0.10
      mg/ml which corresponds to a coefficient of variation of 10%. The time interval
      between positive roadside breath test and blood-sampling ranged from 5 to 220 min
      (median 62 min). The results were therefore adjusted by 0.15 mg/ml per hour to
      compensate for ethanol metabolised between the time of sampling blood and breath.
      The corrected blood and breath values were well correlated r = 0.84 +/- 0.03, P
      less than 0.001 but the predictive power of the regression relationship was poor.
      The regression equation was y = 0.27 +/- 0.65x and the standard error estimate
      was +/- 0.21 mg/ml at the mean concentration of ethanol of 1.0 mg/ml.

PMID- 4065781
TI  - Green pigments in epidermal blisters of decomposed cadavers.
AB  - A spectrophotometrical method for discrimination between sulfhemoglobin (SHb) and
      choleglobin was applied to analyses of the green pigments in epidermal blisters
      of decomposed cadavers. SHb appeared to be a predominant constituent of the
      pigments, although significant amounts of choleglobin, one third to one sixth of
      SHb, were also demonstrated. The present results indicate that the greenish
      discoloration of decomposed cadavers is due to formation of a mixture of SHb,
      choleglobin and possibly other denatured hemoglobin derivatives.

PMID- 4065782
TI  - Body fluid levels of lysergide (LSD).
AB  - Published lysergide (LSD) levels in body fluids are summarised, together with the
      results of 20 cases in which we determined LSD in body fluids by
      radioimmunoassay. The validity of methods used for LSD analysis is discussed.

PMID- 4065784
TI  - Esterase D typing of bloodstains by non-equilibrium focusing.
AB  - Non-equilibrium focusing in a pH 4-6 gradient in ultra-thin polyacrylamide gels
      has been shown to be a reliable and reproducible method for detecting the six
      common esterase D phenotypes (EsD 1,2-1,2,5-1,5-2 and 5) in dried bloodstains.
      Successful typing is dependent on both the age and phenotype of the stain in
      question. The effects of age on the isozyme pattern of each phenotype are
      described and illustrated. In a comparative trial using 100 simulated and 300
      authentic casework bloodstains, non-equilibrium focusing was shown to be more
      efficient than thin-layer starch gel electrophoresis for the typing of esterase
      D.

PMID- 4065783
TI  - Transferrin subtyping of human bloodstains.
AB  - A method was described for subtyping transferrin derived from human bloodstains.
      Bloodstain cuttings were extracted in 0.5% ferrous ammonium sulfate. The extracts
      were subjected to ultrathin-layer polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing. After
      isoelectric focusing, transferrin was detected by silver staining. This method
      permitted the successful typing of Tf in 6-month-old blood stains maintained at 
      20 degrees C and room temperature and 3-month-old bloodstains maintained at 37
      degrees C.

PMID- 4065785
TI  - [Biofeedback in vasomotor control and cognitive overcoming of stress in the
      treatment of migraine. Comparison of 2 training programs].

PMID- 4065786
TI  - [The so-called migraine personality. Psychological peculiarities of the
      personality of migraine patients. A review of the literature].

PMID- 4065787
TI  - [Association of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy].

PMID- 4065788
TI  - [Animal protection and ethics].

PMID- 4065789
TI  - [Modification of bladder-induced urinary incontinence by a continence operation].

PMID- 4065790
TI  - [Necroses of the gluteal region following vascular surgery interventions].

PMID- 4065791
TI  - [Transition from parenteral to oral theophylline therapy in asthmatic patients].

PMID- 4065792
TI  - [Fendiline for hypodynamic coronary heart disease patients. Calmodulin
      antagonists--alternatives to calcium antagonism].

PMID- 4065793
TI  - [Glaucoma treatment with the argon laser].

PMID- 4065794
TI  - ["Danish painter's disease". Occupational medicine problems in the processing of
      paints and lacquers].

PMID- 4065795
TI  - [Plasma opioid concentrations and the pharmacodynamic effect. Studies on
      fentanyl].

PMID- 4065796
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of clonidine in patients with stage III and IV
      hypertension].

PMID- 4065797
TI  - [The elderly and rheumatism--once and now. 2. Inflammatory rheumatic diseases of
      the elderly].

PMID- 4065798
TI  - [Orbital rhabdomyosarcomas in children--reduced late morbidity following
      successful treatment].

PMID- 4065799
TI  - [Hepatic drug interactions].

PMID- 4065800
TI  - [Effect of the spermatozoa quality on extracorporeal fertilization].

PMID- 4065801
TI  - [Clinical aspects and long-term prognosis of spontaneous thalamus hematomas].
AB  - In 47 cases with thalamic hemorrhage the estimated volume and the extension of
      the hematoma was compared to clinical data. The critical blood volume above which
      the mortality rate markedly increased was 10 cc. The most unfavourable outcome
      was found in hematomas extending to the midbrain or causing extensive ventricular
      hemorrhage. The severity and characteristics of the neurological deficit depended
      on the extension of the hematoma as well. Aphasia was a common feature when the
      thalamic hemorrhage occurred in the dominant hemisphere. Thalamic syndrome and
      ocular abnormalities were rare. The mortality rate was 17% and increased to 32%
      within the limits of twelve months. After a mean observation period of 31 months
      over 60% of the survivors had no or minimal disabilities. Only 20% remained
      seriously handicapped. The degree of the remaining disabilities depended on the
      original blood-volume. Eighteen of 32 survivors were submitted to
      neuropsychological tests. Three patients had an amnestic syndrome.

PMID- 4065802
TI  - [Coping with stress as a paradigm of the psychopathology in childhood and
      adolescence].
AB  - Stress coping can be valid for a paradigm of psychopathology of children and
      adolescents. This concept is supported by an extensive literature which shows the
      way of coping from a "footnote to stress theory" (Lazarus) to its central
      concept. Neither the "objective" stress (stimulus side) nor the specificity of
      stress reaction (adaptation syndrome) are the important factors, but rather the
      mediation between stress coping and the individual, the transaction in the sense
      of an exchange process. Above all, permanent personality attributes have been
      examined here, most intensively extraversion/introversion and neuroticism, and
      recently, more and more often coping processes. The research situation also
      confirms in its approach the concept of Lazarus (1981) in the field of child and
      adolescent psychiatry. According to Lazarus, stressors are less meaningful as a
      cause of psychiatric disturbances than cognitive-emotional reaction mediating
      coping processes. They should be examined preferably under natural conditions; a
      combination of standard research strategies with individual case analyses is
      recommended. Therapeutically, it is essential to help children and adolescents to
      achieve an adequate correlation between their own capabilities and limitations on
      the one hand, and of conflicts and stress situations on the other hand, whereby
      the adolescent (young) patient is interested in a quick solution to personal and
      interpersonal crises. He is not at all interested in its extension in the sense
      of a 'Sturm-und-Drang'-idea of adolescent age. Hence coping cannot be confined
      only to coping with a functional crisis; it must rather aspire to achieve a
      schematisation of the situation in accordance with the truth.

PMID- 4065803
TI  - [Risk factors for cerebral infarction. A prospective clinico-epidemiological
      study in Hisayama Town, Japan, and a comparison with the survey findings from
      Framingham, Massachusetts, U. S. A].

PMID- 4065804
TI  - [Exudative stromal reaction in adenocarcinomas of the colon and rectum. A
      histopathologic and immunohistochemical study].

PMID- 4065805
TI  - [A study of the abnormalities of HDL (high density lipoproteins) in liver
      diseases].

PMID- 4065806
TI  - [Detailed structure of human gallstones by electroradiography in comparison with
      soft X-ray photography].

PMID- 4065807
TI  - [An electron microscope study on the membrane systems in the chloride cells of
      teleost gills].

PMID- 4065808
TI  - Acquisition strategies of multihospital systems.

PMID- 4065810
TI  - From person to patient.

PMID- 4065809
TI  - Hospital cost shifting and care for the uninsured.

PMID- 4065811
TI  - Gonadal dysfunction in the spontaneously diabetic BB rat: alterations of testes
      morphology, serum testosterone and LH.
AB  - Serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), testicular histology and
      ultrastructure were examined in 91 spontaneously diabetic BB, semi-starved, and
      control Wistar rats. Between 80-120 days of age serum testosterone was decreased
      (1.67 +/- .25 vs. 2.95 +/- .48 ng/ml; P less than .05) in the BB rats compared to
      controls but not different from semi-starved rats. LH values were similar in
      control and BB rats (49.4 +/- 10.9 vs. 46.8 +/- 6.2 ng/ml). Abnormal lipid
      droplets were noted within Leydig cells at this period. From 121-150 days of age
      serum testosterone was lower in BB (1.38 +/- .23 vs. 3.42 +/- .45 vs. 2.94 +/-
      .81 ng/ml; P less than .05) than controls or semi-starved rats. Serum LH was not
      significantly higher in controls than in BB rats (63.2 +/- 7.4 vs. 36.6 +/- 12
      ng/ml; P = NS). Between 151-200 days of age, there was further lipid accumulation
      in Leydig cells in the BB rat and occasional epithelial disorganization. After
      200 days, serum testosterone decreased (P less than .05) to similar levels in
      both control and BB rats (1.42 +/- .87 vs. 1.22 +/- .25; P = NS) and was similar
      in BB rats after 250 days (1.02 +/- .2 ng/ml). After 250 days of age Leydig cell
      morphology appeared relatively normal but marked alterations were apparent in
      Sertoli cells, germ cells and morphology of the tubule wall.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4065812
TI  - Response of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal axis (AVP system) and the kidney to
      salt load in young propylthiouracil-treated rats.
AB  - The development of the ability of the kidney to concentrate urine was studied in
      normal and propylthiouracil-treated rats by measuring urinary sodium
      concentration and osmolarity at different ages. It was shown that the normal
      animals, but not the PTU-treated ones were able to concentrate urine at 35 days
      of age. The response of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal axis (AVP system) and
      that of the kidney were investigated in the two categories of animals at 35 days
      of age by measuring concomitantly the AVP content of the hypothalamus and
      neurohypophysis, the AVP plasma concentration and the natremia and plasma
      osmolarity at various intervals after intraperitoneal injection of a 5% NaCl
      solution. In normal, as well as in PTU-treated rats, salt load did not lead to
      significant modifications of the hypothalamic AVP content. In comparison with
      normal rats, the neurohypophysis of the PTU-treated ones released AVP more
      slowly, but with a similar amplitude. In normal rats, the plasma AVP
      concentration was already maximal 30 min after salt load and then decreased and
      returned to the normal value at 2 hrs; at the same time, the natremia and plasma
      osmolarity also recovered their normal value. In contrast, the plasma AVP
      concentration as well as the natremia remained high 1 h 30 after salt load in PTU
      treated rats. It is concluded that PTU-treated young rat is unable to compensate
      the salt load in normal delays. Beside the slowing in AVP release by
      neurohypophysis and decreased AVP plasma level, the responsiveness of the kidney
      seems to be altered.

PMID- 4065813
TI  - Effect of sex and age on serum aldosterone and thyroid hormones in the laboratory
      rat.
AB  - Serum levels of aldosterone, tri-iodo thyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were
      measured in male and female rats aged 3 months, 12 months, and 18 months. Female
      rats were found to have higher aldosterone and T3 levels, and lower T4 level than
      the male. No age-related change was observed in serum aldosterone in either sex.
      In contrast, serum T4 were found to decrease with age in both sexes while serum
      T3 showed an age-associated diminution in the male only. Serum testosterone was
      also measured in the male rats and was found to decline with age.

PMID- 4065814
TI  - Effects of oral ethinyl oestradiol and norethisterone on plasma copper and zinc
      complexes in post-menopausal women.
AB  - Orally administered ethinyl oestradiol increased the plasma total copper
      concentration and reduced the albumin concentration in post-menopausal women.
      Approximately 80% of the increase in copper was due to a rise in caeruloplasmin
      bound copper and 20% to an increase in the amount of copper bound per gram of
      albumin. The plasma total zinc concentration was reduced, due partly to the
      decrease in albumin concentration and partly to a reduction in the amount of zinc
      bound per gram of albumin. Norethisterone had no significant effect on plasma
      copper but it reduced plasma zinc and albumin, though to a lesser extent than
      ethinyl oestradiol. When administered sequentially with ethinyl oestradiol,
      norethisterone diminished the effects of the former on plasma copper, zinc and
      albumin.

PMID- 4065815
TI  - Plasma calcitonin response to a calcium clamp. Influence of sex and age.
AB  - The influence of sex and age on basal and calcium stimulated immunoreactive
      plasma calcitonin (iCT) were studied in 36 healthy subjects. An identical calcium
      stimulus, "calcium clamp", was applied to 10 young males, 13 premenopausal
      females of similar ages and 13 postmenopausal females. A significantly greater
      iCT response was found in males compared with both female groups. No age
      correlation in basal or calcium stimulated iCT levels was observed despite 35
      years difference in mean age between the pre- and postmenopausal groups. A
      positive correlation between the induced change in whole blood ionized calcium (B
      Ca++) and the iCT response, recorded after 15 min, was seen in young subjects of
      both sexes. Basal iCT and B-Ca++ were similar in all three groups. No correlation
      between basal iCT and basal B-Ca++, or between basal iCT and age was found. The
      total amounts of infused calcium per kg body weight were equal. The results
      indicate that male subjects have a greater secretory capacity of the thyroid C
      cell than females. No reduction of the secretory capacity was observed with
      increasing age in females, neither was any difference found between pre- and
      postmenopausal females of the iCT-response.

PMID- 4065816
TI  - Negative correlation between erythrocyte count and mean corpuscular volume or
      mean corpuscular haemoglobin in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.
AB  - Negative correlation was observed between erythrocyte count (RBC) and mean
      corpuscular volume (MCV) or mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) in both sexes of
      diabetic and non-diabetic Libyans. The slopes of regression lines for MCV-RBC and
      MCH-RBC of diabetic patients were significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than
      those of their non-diabetic counterparts. Positive correlation was found between
      MCH and MCV. The slope of the regression line for MCH-MCV of diabetic patients
      was not significantly different from that of non-diabetic subjects.

PMID- 4065817
TI  - Glycogen metabolizing enzymes activities in cardiac muscle compared with skeletal
      muscle.

PMID- 4065818
TI  - Effect of aminoglutethimide on androstenedione aromatase activity in human
      uterine leiomyoma.

PMID- 4065819
TI  - Chronic alcoholism enhances hepatocarcinogenicity of diethylnitrosamine in rats
      fed a marginally methyl-deficient diet.
AB  - To determine whether the chronic consumption of ethanol was capable of enhancing
      the hepatocarcinogenic activity of diethylnitrosamine per se, or through the
      accentuation of a methyl deficiency, two groups (A and B) of Sprague-Dawley
      female rats were fed for 10 months either a 20% casein basal diet marginally
      deficient in methyl, or the same diet supplemented with choline (1 gm per 100 gm)
      and folic acid (0.54 mg per 100 gm). Both groups were offered a drinking ethanol
      solution, while two other nonalcohol control groups (C and D) were isocalorically
      pair-fed to Groups A and B, and received diets in which the alcohol consumed by
      the corresponding groups was replaced by isocaloric amounts of sucrose. A
      baseline nonalcohol Group E, isocalorically pair-fed to Group A, received the
      intact basal diet of Group A and water. One day before the initiation of the
      experiment, and again 2 months later, all rats from the five groups were injected
      with a single i.p. dose of diethylnitrosamine (100 mg per kg). The growth
      attained by all groups was statistically similar. Hepatic triglycerides in Group
      A were significantly higher than in all the other groups. While in Group A
      primary hepatocellular carcinomas and renal tumors were encountered at the end of
      the experiment in 3 of 6 and in 2 of 6 rats, respectively, no malignancies were
      observed in any of the other groups. These results indicate that chronic ethanol
      consumption enhances the hepatocarcinogenic and renal tumorigenic activity of
      diethylnitrosamine, and strongly suggest that this action is mediated through the
      accentuation of methyl deficiency.

PMID- 4065820
TI  - Biochemical indicators of vitamin A depletion in children with cholestasis.
AB  - Biochemical indicators of vitamin A status were measured in 24 children (1 month
      to 6 years old) with severe cholestasis starting early in life and in 21 children
      (3 months to 13 years old) with liver disease but without cholestasis. Liver
      vitamin A concentrations, expressed as micrograms of retinol per gram of liver
      (mean +/- S.D.), were 6.3 +/- 7.1 (range: 0.14 to 28) and 143 +/- 108 (range: 18
      to 424), respectively, in cholestatic and non-cholestatic children. In infants
      less than 6 months of age, liver vitamin A values less than 10 micrograms per gm
      were found in 14 of 17 cholestatic children but in none of 3 non-cholestatic
      subjects. Plasma vitamin A values, expressed as micrograms of retinol per
      deciliter (mean +/- S.D.), were 23 +/- 18 (range: 3 to 62) and 46 +/- 33 (range:
      14 to 125), respectively, for the two groups. Plasma retinol values less than 10
      micrograms per dl were always associated with liver concentrations less than 10
      micrograms per gm. Plasma retinol-binding protein was only reduced to 71% of
      control values in cholestatic children. The fatty acid composition of liver
      retinyl esters was unaffected by any condition studied. Infants with chronic
      cholestasis are in a precarious nutritional status very early in life relative to
      liver reserves of vitamin A. Plasma vitamin A values, unless less than 10
      micrograms retinol per dl, are poor indicators of inadequate vitamin A status.

PMID- 4065821
TI  - Halothane hepatitis without halothane: role of inapparent circuit contamination
      and its prevention.
AB  - Halothane and other halogenated anesthetic agents are liquids which are highly
      soluble in rubber and plastic materials widely used as components of anesthesia
      machines. These agents must be administered using machines equipped with
      vaporizers. We report a patient with a past history of halothane hepatitis in
      whom recurrence was suspected despite the fact that halothane had been avoided
      purposely during the subsequent operation. Circumstances led us to believe that
      inapparent circuit contamination of vaporizer-equipped anesthesia machine with
      halothane may be responsible for the inadvertant rechallenge and recurrence of
      halothane hepatitis. Vaporizer-equipped machines were tested for inapparent
      contamination with halothane and enflurane using Perkin-Elmer mass spectrometer.
      Oxygen alone was passed through the anesthesia circuits, and gas in the efferent
      limbs of the machines was tested for halothane (in eight machines) and enflurane
      (in two machines) which were found in various concentrations in all machines so
      tested. Our findings suggest that inapparent contamination may be widely
      prevalent in vaporizer-equipped anesthesia machines. The validity of this
      conclusion was confirmed in five patients with previous diagnosis of halothane
      hepatitis who subsequently underwent operations under general anesthesia during
      which machines never equipped with vaporizers were successful in preventing
      recurrence of hepatitis. We conclude that patients with a prior history of
      halothane hepatitis are at risk of inapparent circuit contamination-induced
      recurrent hepatitis. Unless such contamination can be confidently excluded,
      vaporizer-equipped machines should not be used to administer general anesthesia
      in these susceptible patients.

PMID- 4065822
TI  - The morphologic spectrum of halothane-induced hepatic injury: analysis of 77
      cases.
AB  - Hepatic histopathology and clinical-pathologic correlations were studied in 77
      patients who met clinical criteria for halothane hepatotoxicity. They were
      divided into groups based on the type of surgery (minor or major) and outcome
      (nonfatal, biopsy group or fatal, autopsy group). The two nonfatal groups (minor
      surgery and major surgery) and the two fatal groups (minor surgery and major
      surgery) were comparable with regard to age, time of onset from exposure, peak
      aminotransferase values and peak bilirubin determinations. A spectrum of
      histologic patterns was identified in these patients. It ranged from panlobular
      and multifocal spotty necrosis resembling viral hepatitis through submassive
      confluent zonal necrosis to massive necrosis. Progression of severity of injury
      from spotty to massive necrosis was more closely related to multiple exposures to
      halothane (and especially repeated exposure within less than three months), than
      to the extensiveness of the associated surgical procedures.

PMID- 4065823
TI  - Intracellular processing of human vs. rat immunoglobulin A in the rat liver.
AB  - It is well established that in the rat, rat dimeric IgA is transported from blood
      to bile across rat liver parenchymal cells via a series of minute smooth membrane
      limited vesicles. This pathway is unique from that taken by a number of other
      ligands, which are internalized for degradation, in that there appears to be
      little involvement of coated vesicles, multivesicular bodies and lysosomes. The
      transmembrane receptor for IgA, secretory component, is not recycled but is
      secreted in part with the ligand into bile and must be produced continuously
      within the liver cell. Several recent studies have suggested that the receptor
      for asialoglycoproteins, as well as the structures involved in its processing,
      may play an important role in IgA processing. It was noted, however, that in all
      of these studies human polymeric IgA1 was used in the rat model. Using purified
      rat and human IgA preparations, we have demonstrated by light and quantitative
      electron microscopic autoradiography, as well as by certain biochemical
      procedures, that the two ligands are processed quite differently from one another
      in the rat. Human IgA disappears from the plasma at a slower rate and is much
      less efficiently transported into the bile. In addition, up to as much as 30% of
      the human IgA is diverted to the lysosomal pathway. This diversion of human
      polymeric IgA may be related to either the association of a serine-linked
      oligosaccharide at the hinge region of the human polymeric IgA1 or that large
      polymers, often found in human IgA preparations may initiate secretory component
      receptor aggregation, which in turn, interferes with the normal physiological
      processing of the IgA molecule.

PMID- 4065824
TI  - On the pathogenesis of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver.
AB  - Fifty-one focal nodular hyperplasia lesions from 36 patients were examined
      histologically. Serial sections and three-dimensional models were studied in
      selected cases. Lesions were multiple in 19% of patients. Thirty-four patients
      were female. One case had 11 focal nodular hyperplasia lesions and 7 hemangiomata
      in the liver. Three had astrocytoma and one had anomalous pulmonary venous
      drainage. Morphometric analysis revealed that the lesions were supplied by an
      anomalous artery larger than expected for the locale in the liver. This artery
      branched to form a spider-like structure and was usually not accompanied by a
      portal vein or duct. Each terminal arterial branch supplied a separate nodule 1
      mm in diameter; adjacent nodules coalesced to form the focal nodular hyperplasia
      lesion. The arterial blood appeared to drain directly into the sinusoids of the
      nodule. We propose that focal nodular hyperplasia is an hyperplastic response of
      the hepatic parenchyma to a preexisting arterial spider-like malformation. The
      frequent coexistence of focal nodular hyperplasia with other vascular and
      neuroendocrine anomalies suggest that the malformations are developmental in
      origin. The basic requirement for development of hepatic hyperplasia may be
      greater blood flow to a region compared to the adjacent parenchyma. This
      requirement appears to be met in the other forms of nodular transformation of the
      liver, i.e., nodular regenerative hyperplasia and partial nodular transformation.

PMID- 4065827
TI  - Coming of age.

PMID- 4065825
TI  - Effects of dietary selenium on hepatic and renal tumorigenesis induced in rats by
      diethylnitrosamine.
AB  - Seven groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats (approximately 200 gm initial body
      weight) were injected i.p. with a single subcarcinogenic dose of
      diethylnitrosamine (40 mg per kg body weight) between 8 to 10 hr after partial
      hepatectomy, and after a recovery period of 3 weeks (herein called induction
      stage) received 0.05% phenobarbital in the diet for the rest of the experiment
      (promotion stage). The rats were fed a 20% casein-based diet containing 0.16 ppm
      of selenium or the same diet supplemented with 4 or 6 ppm of selenium as sodium
      selenite. The effects of these three dietary regimens were tested when
      administered 9 to 11 days before and during induction, 1 week before and during
      promotion or during the entire experiment. Pair-feeding conditions were used to
      minimize influences due to differences in food intake and growth. Despite
      similarities in food intakes, the growth rates in groups receiving the 6 ppm
      selenium diet during promotion or during the entire experiment were in general
      significantly lower than in rats fed the 4 ppm-selenium diet or the 0.16 ppm
      selenium basal diet. Survival rates were also significantly reduced in rats fed
      the 4 and 6 ppm-selenium diets during promotion or during the entire experiment.
      In rats killed at the 19th week for interim assessment of the experiment's
      progress, the stereologically analyzed numerical and volumetric densities of
      hepatic premalignant hyperplastic nodules did not differ significantly between
      groups. All the remaining rats were killed at the 46th week.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4065826
TI  - Hepatic ontogenesis.

PMID- 4065828
TI  - Controversies in immunization against hepatitis B.

PMID- 4065829
TI  - Lumpers vs. distributers.

PMID- 4065830
TI  - Halothane hepatitis sans halothane.

PMID- 4065832
TI  - Caroli's disease associated with pancreatic heterotopia and biliary
      papillomatosis.
AB  - We describe an unusual case of Caroli's disease in which the disease was confined
      to the left hepatic lobe, was accompanied by biliary papillomatosis and
      associated with intrahepatic pancreatic heterotopia.

PMID- 4065833
TI  - Further diseases manifesting a uniform vascular response to different
      aetiological factors.

PMID- 4065831
TI  - Anti-hepatocyte antibodies.

PMID- 4065834
TI  - Idiopathic arterial calcification associated with infantile aortic coarctation.

PMID- 4065835
TI  - Post-mortem investigation and quantification of coronary artery disease.
AB  - The controversies that exist amongst pathologists about ischaemic heart disease
      result in part from the widespread use of non-quantifiable techniques in
      examining the coronary artery tree. Such techniques are used because it is
      believed that there is no alternative method which does not involve an inordinate
      expenditure of time, money and effort. This paper describes procedures involving
      post-mortem coronary angiography which may be used alone or in combination with
      histological examination to give an immediate, accurate and permanent record of
      coronary artery disease or allow a far more detailed quantitative investigation
      of coronary vasculature.

PMID- 4065836
TI  - Mediastinal and retroperitoneal fibrosis with fibrotic pulmonary nodules: a case
      report.
AB  - We report a patient with a long history of pan-hypopituitarism treated with
      pituitary snuff who developed superior mediastinal fibrosis involving the
      visceral pericardium, retroperitoneal fibrosis, and a peculiar widespread nodular
      fibrosis of the lungs.

PMID- 4065837
TI  - Politics and public psychiatric programs.

PMID- 4065838
TI  - NIMH report. Current perspectives on panic disorder and agoraphobia.

PMID- 4065839
TI  - A knowledge assessment test for geriatric psychiatry.

PMID- 4065840
TI  - How community mental health centers deal with cutbacks and competition.
AB  - The results of a survey of 71 directors of community mental health centers in 15
      states in 1982 and 1983 indicate that CMHCs made major changes in their services,
      staffing, sources of revenue, administration, and organization to cope with
      shrinking budgets, increased state regulation, impending prospective payment
      systems, and accelerating competition from private for-profit health care
      providers. Services offered by the CMHCs became less comprehensive and more
      oriented toward chronic and severely ill patients in 1982 and 1983, and
      entrepreneurial principles were employed to increase efficiency and attract new
      sources of revenue. These strategies have been successful, but the authors
      believe more long-range planning is necessary if CMHCs are to retain their
      distinctive place in the health care system.

PMID- 4065841
TI  - Whatever happened to community mental health: portents for corporate medicine.
AB  - An assessment of what happened to community mental health is presented through
      recent comments from psychiatrists who were deeply involved in the movement in
      the 1960s and 1970s and through an analysis of its current status in relation to
      corporate medicine. Respondents' views range from beliefs that significant
      accomplishments were made to opinions that achievements were limited because of
      the lack of financial, psychiatric, and other commitments. The author believes
      many of the concepts of the movement, such as team care, prevention, and early
      detection, will be revitalized in preferred provider organizations, health
      maintenance organizations, employee assistance programs, and other aspects of
      corporate medicine.

PMID- 4065842
TI  - Poor job quality and the decline of public psychiatry.
AB  - The alarming drop in the number of public-sector psychiatrists in recent years
      has caused great concern and has prompted efforts to attract young, talented
      psychiatrists to the public mental health system. To investigate their belief
      that poor job quality is an important contributor to the decline, the authors
      asked ten young public psychiatrists to rate their overall level of job
      satisfaction, to identify what they liked and disliked about their positions, and
      to speculate about what could be done to attract or retain public psychiatrists.
      Based on the psychiatrists' responses and a review of the relevant literature,
      the authors conclude that the public mental health field can better attract
      psychiatrists by facilitating their autonomy, promoting a medical model of mental
      illness, integrating public and private psychiatry, and improving benefits and
      salaries.

PMID- 4065843
TI  - Family concerns about hospitalizing a patient in a psychiatric research unit.
AB  - Family members involved in a patient's hospitalization on a psychiatric research
      unit have special concerns related to the choice of the unit and the conduct of
      the patient's treatment. Based on work with 350 families of patients on a
      research unit, the authors describe families' motivations for choosing the unit
      and the expectations and misconceptions they may develop during the patient's
      stay. Certain interventions are specifically directed to family members' concerns
      about research, including providing information and education, monitoring
      informed consent, and working through how the family's expectations of treatment
      match actual treatment outcome. Most families are able to conceptualize the
      research approach adequately and to use the supportive relationship with the
      unit's family advocate to deal with their ambivalence about the approach.

PMID- 4065844
TI  - Beyond state hospital unitization: the development of an integrated mental health
      management system.
AB  - As commissioner of the Massachusetts Department of Mental Health, the senior
      author in 1975 initiated a reorganization of the department designed to provide
      greater continuity of care for deinstitutionalized patients by integrating
      management of hospital and community services at a local level. The new system
      continued the practice of dividing hospitals into units corresponding to
      geographical catchment areas (unitization), but it abolished the hospital
      superintendent's position and greatly broadened the role of the area directors of
      community services to include clinical administration of the hospital unit
      serving patients in catchment areas. The authors believe the new system played a
      role in reorienting the department's services toward community care of the
      seriously disabled patient and led to a more effective distribution of
      departmental resources.

PMID- 4065845
TI  - Gold Award: Decreasing the use of inpatient services. Day hospitalization with an
      inn and intensive care unit. Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston.

PMID- 4065846
TI  - Gold Award: Addressing the needs of young adult chronic patients. Rockland County
      Unified Services Pomona, New York.

PMID- 4065847
TI  - Telephone prompting to reduce missed CMHC appointments.

PMID- 4065849
TI  - Obviously ill patients.

PMID- 4065848
TI  - Diagnostic bias?

PMID- 4065850
TI  - Psychiatric hospitalization and the law.

PMID- 4065851
TI  - Ethical conflicts in psychiatry: the Soviet Union vs. the U.S.

PMID- 4065852
TI  - NIMH report. Consensus panel backs cautious use of ECT for severe disorders.

PMID- 4065853
TI  - Physical examination of psychiatric outpatients: medical and legal issues.
AB  - The nation's courts are increasingly defining standards for the practice of
      psychiatry, but they have not given substantial attention to whether a
      psychiatrist can be found liable for failure to perform or obtain a physical
      examination of an outpatient. The few court decisions on this issue involve
      obvious infractions against good medical care and do not provide useful clinical
      guidelines. The authors' review of the literature indicates that although
      psychiatric patients are less healthy than the general population, and the
      majority of psychiatrists feel physical examination of outpatients is important,
      psychiatrists rarely conduct such examinations and only a small percentage
      initiate them. The authors offer recommendations concerning physical examinations
      that they believe are consonant with good psychiatric outpatient care.

PMID- 4065855
TI  - Key provisions of APA's model law.

PMID- 4065854
TI  - Which veterans go to VA psychiatric hospitals for care: a pilot study.
AB  - In a study to determine whether certain factors could predict whether veterans
      seek psychiatric care at a Veterans Administration psychiatric hospital or at
      other public hospitals, data were collected on 644 visits by veterans to one VA
      psychiatric hospital and two non-VA public hospitals. Race, alcoholism, number of
      presenting problems, kind of prior psychiatric hospitalizations, and whether the
      disability was service-connected were significant factors in distinguishing
      veterans seeking psychiatric care at the different hospitals. Age, marital
      status, income, and transiency were not important factors. Minority status and
      alcoholism appeared to be independent of each other in predicting greater use of
      the VA hospital.

PMID- 4065856
TI  - APA's model law: hurting the people it seeks to help.
AB  - In the view of some patient advocates, APA's model law excessively increases
      psychiatrists' decision-making power in commitment proceedings and heightens the
      chances of unnecessary commitments by expanding grounds for commitment to include
      a substantial-deterioration standard, incorporating open-ended commitment
      criteria, and removing legal safeguards. The model law's encouragement of
      hospitalization is inconsistent with growing evidence that many patients do not
      benefit from hospitalization and obscures the need for greater resources for
      community care. Finally, by granting legal immunity to professionals, the law
      undercuts its professed desire to protect patients.

PMID- 4065857
TI  - APA's model law: protecting the patient's ultimate interests.
AB  - As a mental health advocate and the parent of a chronic mentally ill son, the
      author argues for adoption of the provisions in APA's model law on civil
      commitment. He believes that a shift in mental health law from absolute
      protection of civil liberty to an emphasis on the ultimate good for an individual
      will dramatically improve the lives of the seriously mentally ill by ending the
      deterioration that they currently must experience to receive treatment. The
      author also discusses the merits of a proposal that would expedite treatment for
      patients who repeatedly require emergency care.

PMID- 4065858
TI  - Implications of need-for-treatment laws: a study of Washington State's
      Involuntary Treatment Act.
AB  - In 1979 the State of Washington revised its civil commitment law to make it
      easier to hospitalize patients in need of care but not imminently dangerous to
      themselves or others. To assess the impact of the law, the author studied
      commitment patterns in Washington for two-year periods before and after the
      revised law went into effect. Results indicate that the number of involuntary
      commitments increased substantially after the law was revised, and the
      commitments were more likely to be based on grave disability rather than on
      dangerousness even if patients had engaged in violent behavior. However, the
      mental health system did not expand sufficiently to meet the needs of the
      increased patient population. Implications of Washington's experience for states
      considering passage of need-for-treatment legislation are discussed.

PMID- 4065859
TI  - APA's model law: a commitment code by and for psychiatrists.
AB  - The author argues that the APA model law is seriously flawed because it lacks
      sufficient mechanisms for questioning the judgment of psychiatrists throughout
      the commitment process and for ensuring the best disposition of patients. By
      failing to provide for independent screening of commitment petitions, to mandate
      multiple psychiatric evaluations of respondents, to provide indigent respondents
      a free psychiatric examination to help them prepare for the commitment hearing,
      and to address the shortcomings of legal advocacy, the model law sets the stage
      for improper or unwarranted commitments. In addition, the law circumvents the
      rights of patients admitted on emergency status to refuse treatment throughout
      the entire evaluation period, which can last up to 14 days.

PMID- 4065860
TI  - The impact of a more stringent commitment code in Minnesota.

PMID- 4065861
TI  - The group process in drafting regulations on the rights of the mentally ill.

PMID- 4065863
TI  - Life care industry grows despite costs.

PMID- 4065862
TI  - Preventing rehospitalization of clients in a psychosocial rehabilitation program.

PMID- 4065864
TI  - Hospitals sponsor up to 10% of ambulatory centers.

PMID- 4065865
TI  - Cooperative care tied to quicker recovery.

PMID- 4065866
TI  - EPA to respond to industry confusion over infectious-waste guidelines.

PMID- 4065867
TI  - Insurers competing with providers.

PMID- 4065868
TI  - Home-health referrals: some legal guidelines.

PMID- 4065869
TI  - 1985: a very good year for financings, bond issues.

PMID- 4065870
TI  - Multis and alliances are getting ready to enter into the insurance market.

PMID- 4065871
TI  - Business-sector cost-control efforts gain momentum.

PMID- 4065872
TI  - Flurry of mergers, takeovers hits suppliers industry.

PMID- 4065873
TI  - 'No wait service,' product managers give hospitals edge in outpatient war.

PMID- 4065874
TI  - As admissions decline, hospitals fight to be institutions of choice.

PMID- 4065875
TI  - Rate hikes, big malpractice awards signal liability crisis.

PMID- 4065876
TI  - Finance: more questions than answers.

PMID- 4065877
TI  - Hospital marketing, ad budgets triple.

PMID- 4065878
TI  - Technology advances raise policy concerns.

PMID- 4065879
TI  - CEOs plan resource shift for 1986.

PMID- 4065880
TI  - Rural hospital CEOs: a new breed.

PMID- 4065881
TI  - Adipose tissue and obesity.

PMID- 4065882
TI  - Bone marrow changes in patients with hairy cell leukemia treated by recombinant
      alpha 2-interferon.
AB  - Bone marrow specimens from 21 patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) who were
      entered into a program to study the efficacy of treatment with recombinant alpha
      2-interferon were evaluated. Patients were treated with the interferon, 2 X 10(6)
      U/m2 subcutaneously three times weekly, and were scheduled to undergo bone marrow
      aspiration and biopsy at study entry and after three (21 patients) and six (16
      patients) months of treatment. Bone marrow samples after three months of
      treatment showed an overall decline in cellularity, from an average of 77 +/- 20
      to 57 +/- 22 per cent, with a marked decrease in the percentage of neoplastic
      mass (from 87 +/- 9 to 59 +/- 24 per cent). The bone marrow changes were
      associated with significant improvement in hematologic values, including
      hemoglobin levels and granulocyte and platelet counts. The bone marrow changes
      and improved hematologic values remained stable with continuation of interferon
      therapy. However complete bone marrow remission did not occur in any of the
      patients after three or six months of interferon therapy. The HCL cell mass in
      more than 60 per cent of the patients remained at or above 50 per cent of the
      marrow cellularity and dropped to less than 25 per cent in 14 per cent of the
      patients. In all of the patients increased amounts of reticulin fibers were
      identified in the bone marrow prior to therapy, and 89 per cent of bone marrow
      aspirations failed (dry tap). The amounts of reticulin fibers remained increased
      in most of the patients (91 per cent), with a high incidence of dry taps (73 per
      cent), after therapy. Interferon therapy also changed the tartrate-resistant acid
      phosphatase(TRAP)-positive HCL cells to TRAP-negative, suggesting inhibition of
      activity and/or production of TRAP in HCL cells.

PMID- 4065883
TI  - Gastrointestinal amyloid deposition in AL (primary or myeloma-associated) and AA
      (secondary) amyloidosis: diagnostic value of gastric biopsy.
AB  - Gastrointestinal amyloid deposition was investigated in 21 autopsy cases of
      nonhereditary systemic amyloidosis, 18 of the AL (primary or myeloma-associated)
      type and three of the AA (secondary) type. Vascular deposition of amyloid, most
      apparent in the submucosa, was found in all cases. Parenchymal deposition was
      observed mainly in the muscularis mucosae and muscularis externa in the AL type,
      and in the lamina propria mucosae in the AA type. Comparison of amyloid
      deposition in the stomach and rectum revealed no differences for the AA type. In
      the AL type, however, deposition in the lamina propria mucosae and muscularis
      mucosae was more frequent and marked in the wall of the stomach than in the
      rectum. Thus, gastric biopsy would be more valuable than rectal biopsy in the
      diagnosis of AL amyloidosis.

PMID- 4065884
TI  - Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney: a clinicopathologic study of 21 patients with
      long-term follow-up evaluation.
AB  - The clinical and pathologic features of 21 children with clear cell sarcoma of
      the kidney are presented. These cases were identified among 517 primary renal
      tumors collected from four pediatric institutions. Abdominal mass and hematuria
      were the usual presenting signs. The male to female ratio was 1.3 to 1. Although
      the mean age at diagnosis was 3 years, the sarcomas were diagnosed earlier in
      boys (2 years, 7 months) than in girls (3 years, 7 months). Tumor size and weight
      may have accounted for this difference, since the average tumor weights were 899
      g for boys and 635 g for girls. Right kidney locations predominated (14 cases).
      The most common site for metastasis was the skeleton (12 patients), and the skull
      was almost invariably involved (10 children). Bone metastases preceded the
      development of metastases elsewhere in nine patients, in five of whom the
      involvement was polyostotic. Of the 12 patients with osseous metastases, nine
      died within five years of diagnosis, and one died eight years and nine months
      after diagnosis; the remaining two patients were successfully treated with a
      combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and actinomycin D, vincristine,
      cyclophosphamide, and Adriamycin. Eight of the nine patients with lung metastases
      died within five years of diagnosis. Until substantial proof is found that clear
      cell sarcoma of the kidney is related to nephroblastoma, its identification as a
      non-Wilms' sarcoma would seem to be appropriate. This tumor is not the only
      sarcoma of the kidney, but it appears to be the most common renal sarcoma of
      childhood.

PMID- 4065885
TI  - Malignant soft tissue neoplasms with the histologic features of renal rhabdoid
      tumors: an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study.
AB  - Five round cell neoplasms of the soft parts that histologically resembled
      malignant rhabdoid tumors of the kidney were studied. The tumors were composed
      mainly of poorly differentiated round or, sometimes, polygonal cells, with a
      minority of elongated cells; the cytoplasm of many of the cells contained
      filament-laden acidophilic inclusions. Ultrastructurally, the intracytoplasmic
      structures were seen to consist of aggregates of 10-nm intermediate filaments,
      and immunohistochemical staining revealed the presence of cytokeratin and
      vimentin. All five patients with this tumor had an aggressive clinical course;
      three of the patients died shortly after the initial diagnosis. As this tumor
      does not seem to be linked to any known entity, it is referred to as malignant
      rhabdoid tumor of the soft parts and could be a heterogeneous entity.

PMID- 4065886
TI  - Renal involvement by histiocytic medullary reticulosis.
AB  - The case of a young man who died seven months after the diagnosis of histiocytic
      medullary reticulosis is reported. Autopsy and laboratory findings were
      consistent with a diagnosis of uremia. Liver, lymph nodes, spleen, and bone
      marrow were involved by neoplastic cells. In addition, the kidneys were massively
      involved by tumor. Previously published autopsy studies of this rare condition
      failed to demonstrate massive renal involvement.

PMID- 4065887
TI  - Desmoplastic melanoma of the anus.
AB  - To date a desmoplastic melanoma, an unusual variant of malignant melanoma, has
      been described only in the skin. The present report describes a case of
      desmoplastic melanoma that arose in the anal canal. The patient was without
      evidence of recurrence or metastases 18 months after surgical removal of the
      lesion.

PMID- 4065888
TI  - Aortitis and large vessel arteritis in a newborn.

PMID- 4065889
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 4065890
TI  - Evidence for chromosome instability in vivo in Bloom syndrome: increased numbers
      of micronuclei in exfoliated cells.
AB  - The incidence of exfoliated epithelial cells containing micronuclei was
      determined in two small human populations, one homozygous and the other
      heterozygous for the Bloom syndrome gene (bl). The objectives of the study were
      two: to learn whether the chromosome instability featured so prominently by Bloom
      syndrome (BS) cells proliferating in vitro also occurs in vivo, and as part of a
      broad survey of various cancer-prone populations, to determine whether estimating
      micronucleus frequencies in exfoliated cell samples might be useful for
      identifying individuals with genetically determined chromosome instability. Eight
      individuals homozygous (bl/bl) for the BS gene, i.e., persons with the clinical
      syndrome, were examined, along with 11 obligate heterozygotes (bl/+), parents of
      affected persons. Exfoliated cells were obtained from two sites, the oral cavity
      and the urinary tract. Striking and statistically highly significant elevations
      in the frequencies of cells with micronuclei were observed in cells from both
      sites in bl/bl individuals compared to that in bl/+ (P less than 0.001) and in a
      control population, indicating that chromosome instability occurs in vivo in BS.
      In contrast, micronucleus frequencies at either site did not differ significantly
      between bl/+ individuals and the control population. This survey, in combination
      with similar earlier ones of populations predisposed to cancer not on a genetic
      basis but because of exposure to some environmental carcinogen, suggests that the
      exfoliated cell micronucleus test identifies individuals whose somatic genetic
      material has, for either genetic or environmental reasons, been damaged in a way
      that produces chromosome breakage and rearrangement.

PMID- 4065891
TI  - Mapping of seven polymorphic loci on human chromosome 13 by in situ
      hybridization.
AB  - Human chromosome 13 loci homologous to seven recombinant DNA probes were mapped
      using in situ hybridization of 3H-radiolabeled probes to metaphase chromosomes.
      Each of these seven probes reveals at least one restriction fragment length
      polymorphism, and thus each probe is potentially valuable in a genetic linkage
      map of this autosome. The data presented in this paper map the seven loci to
      specific regions of chromosome 13. This mapping should allow a future comparison
      of genetic distance with physical distance on this chromosome, and may permit
      better utilization of these probes in the clinical diagnosis of human chromosomal
      rearrangements involving chromosome 13.

PMID- 4065892
TI  - Differential sensitivity of Fanconi anaemia lymphocytes to the clastogenic action
      of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and trans-diamminedichloroplatinum (II).
AB  - Fanconi anaemia (FA) lymphocytes were tested for their susceptibility to
      chromosomal breakage by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) [cis-Pt(II)] and its
      stereoisomer trans-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) [trans-Pt(II)]. Unlike trans
      Pt(II), which is a rather inefficient clastogen, cis-Pt(II) is very efficient in
      inducing chromosomal breakage in FA cells at concentrations that hardly affect
      control cells. As both cis-Pt(II) and trans-Pt(II) are capable of inducing DNA
      interstrand crosslinks but only cis-Pt(II) can induce DNA intrastrand crosslinks,
      this result suggests that FA cells may be specifically sensitive to the
      intrastrand type of DNA crosslink.

PMID- 4065893
TI  - Placental alkaline phosphatase types and subtypes determined by agarose gel
      electrophoresis and separator isoelectric focusing.
AB  - Two techniques for phenotyping the human placental alkaline phosphatase system
      were developed: high-voltage agarose-gel electrophoresis and thin-layer separator
      isoelectric focusing on agarose. These methods enabled a more rapid and sensitive
      phenotyping of all common phenotypes than the traditionally employed starch-gel
      electrophoresis. An extended polymorphism of placental alkaline phosphatase was
      revealed by isoelectric focusing. The existence of two suballeles of Pl1 allele
      and two suballeles of Pl2 allele was postulated.

PMID- 4065894
TI  - Orosomucoid (ORM) typing by print lectinofixation: a new technique for
      isoelectric focusing. Two common alleles in Japan.
AB  - The genetic types of orosomucoid (ORM) were analyzed by isoelectric focusing
      (IEF) on polyacrylamide gels and subsequent print lectinofixation with a lectin
      from the beetle, allo A. In this paper, the newly devised print lectinofixation
      for ORM typing is described. This technique is faster, easier to perform, and has
      been found to be a useful tool in population genetics and forensic medicine. The
      results of typing for two alleles, ORM 1 and ORM 2 are described for a population
      of Northern Japan (n = 500).

PMID- 4065895
TI  - Two cases of X/autosome translocation in females with incontinentia pigmenti.
AB  - We report two unrelated girls who present some clinical features of severe
      incontinentia pigmenti (IP), with characteristic skin pigmentation. Both have
      balanced de novo X/autosome translocations involving band Xp11. The coincidence
      of the probable de novo expression of an X-linked disorder in these two girls
      with translocations involving similar breakpoints on the X chromosome suggests
      that this band may be the site of the IP gene locus.

PMID- 4065896
TI  - Hereditary triose phosphate isomerase deficiency: seven new homozygous cases.
AB  - Seven new homozygous cases of hereditary triosephosphate isomerase (TPI)
      deficiency have been detected in five unrelated families. Two of the families
      originate in France, the others from Algeria, Yugoslavia, and Morocco. Only the
      parents coming from Algeria and Morocco were first cousins. In the other parents
      no evidence of consanguinity was found. All seven patients exhibited the same
      symptoms, i.e. hemolytic anemia appearing very early after birth associated with
      progressive neuromuscular symptoms. Expression of the deficiency is
      heterogeneous; this had previously been pointed out in the previously reported
      cases of TPI deficiency. Red cell TPI activity was 3 to 4% of the normal mean in
      the patients and 50 to 60% in the parents. The latter did not exhibit any
      clinical symptoms. The levels of red cell glycolytic intermediates and the
      characteristics of the mutated TPI could be studied in four of the patients only.
      Substantial increases of red cell dihydroxyacetone phosphate and of fructose 1,6
      diphosphate, normal Km of TPI for glyceraldehyde phosphate, and thermoinstability
      of the enzyme were found. In addition the electrophoretic pattern showed no
      significant modification of the mobility of the TPI bands, but abnormal decreased
      staining of the two more anodal bands.

PMID- 4065898
TI  - Acquired cystic kidney disease--a possible pitfall in genetic counseling.
AB  - A case of a 24-year-old pregnant woman on dialysis who asked for genetic
      counseling is reported. Differentiation between nonheritable acquired cystic
      kidneys and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease without noninvasive
      diagnostic procedure was nearly impossible in the reported woman. The
      communication underlines the problem and gives diagnostic criteria.

PMID- 4065897
TI  - Duplication of 2p25: confirmation of the assignment of soluble acid phosphatase
      (ACP1) locus to 2p25.
AB  - The regional localization of the gene coding for soluble acid phosphatase (ACP1)
      has been under debate in the two different chromosome regions, 2p23 or 2p25. Gene
      dosage studies in a case with a karyotype of 46,XX,dir dup(2) (p25.1----p25.3)
      showed that the ACP1 activity was increased to 1.4 times the mean value of normal
      individuals with the same ACP1 phenotype, while the level of soluble malate
      dehydrogenase (MDH1) was normal. These gene dosage effects indicated that the
      ACP1 gene locus can be mapped to 2p25.

PMID- 4065900
TI  - Partial trisomy 2q+ as a result of a balanced translocation (1;2)(q43;q33).

PMID- 4065899
TI  - Familial paracentric inversion inv(2)(q31q36).
AB  - A paracentric inversion of chromosome 2 is described for the first time. The
      breakpoints were localized in the bands q31 and q36. The paracentric inversion
      was initially identified in a female with repeated abortions and thereafter
      detected in eight other family members over three generations. The meiotic
      consequences and the risk for liveborn unbalanced chromosomal recombinants is
      discussed.

PMID- 4065901
TI  - Sister chromatid exchanges in human fibroblasts characterized by monosomy X.

PMID- 4065902
TI  - Intraindividual Y-chromosome heteromorphism.

PMID- 4065903
TI  - Comparative analysis of rat uterine estrogen-induced creatine kinase with
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were generated against rat uterine estrogen-induced protein
      -creatine kinase (CK-EIP)--and two (MAb-28 and MAb-78) were studied. These
      antibodies were IgM but differed in their complementary antigenic determinants
      both of which were detectable on denatured but not on native CK-EIP. MAb-28
      reacted with other CK-BBs but not with CK-MMs whereas MAb-78 reacted with both
      types of CKs. A measurement of antigenicity with the monoclonal antibodies under
      calibrated conditions showed differences among the CKs, notably between CK-BB
      from rat brain and CK-EIP when both were probed with MAb-28. The antigenicity of
      CK-BB (rat brain) was significantly lower than that of CK-EIP, indicating that
      the former either expresses less copies of the determinant recognized by MAb-28
      than CK-EIP does, or possesses a determinant which interacts with the antibody
      with lower affinity. The monoclonal antibodies should help elucidate structure
      function relationships in CK-BB and CK-EIP molecules, their anatomic distribution
      and their physiologic, pathologic and experimental variations in relation to gene
      expression induced by sex hormones.

PMID- 4065904
TI  - An improved method for recording and analyzing the electrical activity of the
      human stomach.

PMID- 4065905
TI  - A comparison of the annular phased array to helical coil applicators for limb and
      torso hyperthermia.

PMID- 4065906
TI  - Current defibrillator: new instrument of programmed current for research and
      clinical use.

PMID- 4065907
TI  - On the minimum work criterion in optimal control models of left-ventricular
      ejection.

PMID- 4065908
TI  - A comparative evaluation of three on-line identification methods for a
      respiratory mechanical model.

PMID- 4065909
TI  - Source-field relationships for cardiac generators on the heart surface based on
      their transfer coefficients.

PMID- 4065910
TI  - Electrode potential stability.

PMID- 4065911
TI  - Right ventricular functions in mitral stenosis.

PMID- 4065912
TI  - Cardiac catheterization in adults and children with same-day discharge.

PMID- 4065913
TI  - Assessment of cardiovascular status in chronic alcoholic individuals: a
      noninvasive study.

PMID- 4065914
TI  - Effect of hyponatraemia on taste threshold for salt in hypertensive subjects.

PMID- 4065915
TI  - Determination of serum enzymes as an aid to diagnosis of acute myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 4065916
TI  - Serum triglyceride and lipoprotein cholesterol in male survivor of ischaemic
      heart disease in eastern Uttar Pradesh (north India).

PMID- 4065917
TI  - Comparative effect of vitamin C, amla juice and amla pulp on blood lipids,
      platelet aggregation and experimental atheroma in rabbits.

PMID- 4065918
TI  - Effect of garlic on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits.

PMID- 4065919
TI  - Efficacy of intravenous ajmaline in ventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 4065920
TI  - The electrocardiographic changes in quick phos poisoning.

PMID- 4065921
TI  - Primary angiosarcoma of the heart--a case report.

PMID- 4065922
TI  - The challenge of mild hypertension.

PMID- 4065923
TI  - Purification and properties of L-alanine 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase of
      bovine erythrocytes stroma.

PMID- 4065924
TI  - Trypsin immobilization on anionic polymeric latex.

PMID- 4065925
TI  - Single-step purification and amino acid and lipid composition of purified acid
      lipase from human gastric juice.

PMID- 4065926
TI  - Binding of 4'-dibutylaminobenzene-4-sulphonic acid by bovine serum albumin:
      effect of temperature and additives.

PMID- 4065927
TI  - Occurrence of primary alcoholic hydroxy acid fats in nature.

PMID- 4065928
TI  - A quantitative analysis of dependence of platelet aggregation inhibition and
      hypotensive activities of dihydropyridazinone derivatives on molecular size.

PMID- 4065929
TI  - Ontogenic profile of glucose and galactose oxidation, and glycogenesis in rat
      hepatocytes.

PMID- 4065930
TI  - Effect of interferon on endonuclease RNase F activity.

PMID- 4065931
TI  - 1H NMR studies of active site of ribonuclease A.

PMID- 4065932
TI  - Environmental effects and role of electrostatic interactions in backbone
      conformational changes in DNA.

PMID- 4065934
TI  - Improvements in the isolation of IgY from the yolks of eggs laid by immunized
      hens.

PMID- 4065935
TI  - Chronic relapsing EAE in guinea pigs: IgG index and oligoclonal bands in
      cerebrospinal fluid and sera.
AB  - IgG and albumin levels were quantitated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and sera
      from chronic relapsing (R)-EAE animals using the enzyme linked immunosorbent
      assay. The animals showed increased CSF IgG compared to that of age-matched
      animals injected with complete Freund's adjuvant. However, the CSF IgG index
      suggested no significant increase in IgG synthesis within the central nervous
      system of R-EAE animals. Matching CSF and sera from R-EAE animals, when compared
      in immunofixation after isoelectric focusing, showed identical oligoclonal IgG
      band patterns. Although the clinical and morphologic findings in R-EAE are
      similar to those seen in multiple sclerosis, the site of IgG synthesis in these
      two diseases appears to be different.

PMID- 4065933
TI  - Experimental allergic orchitis in mice. II. Association of disease susceptibility
      with the locus controlling Bordetella pertussis-induced sensitivity to histamine.
AB  - Susceptibility to the induction of murine autoimmune orchitis was found to be
      associated with the locus controlling Bordetella pertussis-induced sensitivity to
      the vasoactive amine, histamine. Only those inbred and H-2 congenic strains of
      mice possessing both the H-2d haplotype and the locus for susceptibility to B.
      pertussis-induced sensitivity to histamine developed autoimmune orchitis. In
      addition, segregation analysis of backcross generation mice also demonstrated a
      high degree of correlation between susceptibility both to disease and to
      histamine sensitization, which was indicative of additional multigene control.
      Pertussigen-histamine sensitization factor (P-HSF) was only effective in
      eliciting disease when it was administered on the same day, or within a period up
      to 6 days following sensitization with mouse testicular homogenate-emulsified in
      complete Freund's adjuvant. P-HSF induced sensitivity to histamine was not found
      to be associated with an increase in the vascular permeability of target tissue.
      Thus, B. pertussis-induced sensitivity to histamine appears to play a more
      crucial role during the sensitization phase of autoimmune orchitis induction,
      rather than at the inflammatory or effector phase of the disease.

PMID- 4065936
TI  - Characterization of antigenic components of immune complexes isolated from a
      melanoma patient.
AB  - Immune complexes (IC) from the serum of a melanoma patient were partially
      purified with DEAE Affigel Blue. The IC were radioiodinated and then immobilized
      with activated Sepharose 4B. Immunologically bound components in the IC were
      dissociated with 3M MgCl2 followed by gel filtration chromatography. A distinct
      antigen component of about 700,000 daltons was obtained by refractionation of a
      region of the chromatogram containing antigenic activity by Sephacryl S-300
      column chromatography. Though the antigenic component behaved as a single entity
      in the gel filtration, it consisted of at least five polypeptide chains that were
      revealed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under
      reducing conditions. However, 92,000 and 41,000 dalton subunits were predominant.
      This procedure may be useful for isolating tumor antigens from circulating IC of
      cancer patients.

PMID- 4065937
TI  - Bal therapy in human lead poisoning.

PMID- 4065938
TI  - Some observations on scabies in a school hostel in Surat City, Gujarat.

PMID- 4065939
TI  - Analysis of 500 psychiatric admissions in a general hospital.

PMID- 4065940
TI  - Protein content and weight of inactivated skeletal muscle of albino rats under
      the influence of glucocorticosteroid treatment.

PMID- 4065941
TI  - Burkitt's lymphoma: a human cancer model. Proceedings of a symposium. Lyon, 6-9
      December 1983.

PMID- 4065942
TI  - Burkitt's lymphoma in the Middle East.
AB  - The clinical features of 30 retrospectively diagnosed cases of Burkitt's lymphoma
      (BL) at the American University Medical Center (AUMC) in Beirut differed from
      those of African Burkitt's in that the majority of the AUMC patients presented
      with abdominal disease, and from the American form, in that the AUMC patients
      were younger, with a median age similar to that of African BL patients.

PMID- 4065943
TI  - Burkitt's lymphoma in Japan.
AB  - The clinicopathological features of 18 Japanese patients with Burkitt's lymphoma
      are reviewed. Six patients were 12 years of age or younger. Seven patients
      presented with abdominal masses and seven with jaw tumours. Thirteen patients
      manifested blood and/or marrow involvement at the time of initial diagnosis (five
      patients) or later in the course of the disease (eight patients). Most of the
      patients had a rapid clinical course in spite of combination chemotherapy. The
      malignant cells from all 17 patients examined exhibited a B-cell phenotype; the
      surface immunoglobulin was IgM in 15 and IgG in two. Two patients had tumours
      positive for Epstein-Barr virus-determined nuclear antigen while the other 13
      patients tested lacked this antigen in their tumours. Chromosome analysis
      revealed a t(8;14) translocation in 11 patients, a 14q+ without an identifiable
      donor chromosome in two, a t(2;8) translocation in two, and a t(8;22)
      translocation in one.

PMID- 4065944
TI  - Geographic distribution of Burkitt's lymphoma.

PMID- 4065945
TI  - The latent period of Burkitt's lymphoma: the evidence from epidemiological
      clustering.
AB  - The evidence that the latent period of Burkitt's lymphoma may be short, that is,
      months rather than years, stems from the observation of seasonal variation in
      disease onset and time-space clustering. The evidence for both of these effects
      is equivocal, but both are quite strong in the West Nile district of Uganda,
      where the disease has been most intensively studied epidemiologically. We have
      assumed that the interval between some final triggering event and onset of
      disease follows a log-normal distribution, and we have examined the range of
      values of the mean and variance of that distribution which are consistent with
      the observed seasonal variation in incidence. These analyses would suggest that
      to explain the seasonal variation in the West Nile the latent period must be less
      than one year on average, and rarely exceed two years.

PMID- 4065946
TI  - Burkitt's lymphoma in the USA: cases reported to the American Burkitt Lymphoma
      Registry compared with population-based incidence and mortality data.
AB  - Since 1971, the American Burkitt Lymphoma Registry (ABLR) has been collecting
      clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data on patients with Burkitt's lymphoma
      (BL) diagnosed in the USA. Although the 256 confirmed ABLR cases have the
      advantage of uniform pathological review, the ABLR is a relatively 'passive'
      registry, with the majority of cases being submitted by interested physicians. To
      determine the pattern of BL in the USA on a population basis, we analysed
      incidence and survival data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results
      (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and mortality data from the
      National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Both SEER and NCHS data
      demonstrated a more marked predominance of BL in young males than had been found
      in the ABLR. All three sources of data revealed a broad age spectrum and a
      relative paucity of cases in the non-white US population. SEER data indicate that
      the overall incidence of BL in the USA was 1.4 per million for white males and
      0.4 per million for white females during 1973-1981. The incidence rate for white
      males increased over time, perhaps owing to improvements in diagnosis and
      reporting.

PMID- 4065948
TI  - Ras oncogenes in human tumours: identification, mechanism of activation and
      cooperative role in transformation.

PMID- 4065947
TI  - Translocations among antibody genes in human cancer.
AB  - The characteristic chromosomal translocations that occur in certain human
      malignancies offer opportunities to understand how two gene systems can affect
      one another when they are accidentally juxtaposed. In the case of Burkitt's
      lymphoma, such a translocation joins the cellular oncogene, c-myc, to a region
      encoding one of the immunoglobulin genes. In at least one example, the coding
      sequence of the rearranged c-myc gene is identical to that of the normal gene,
      implying that the gene must be quantitatively, rather than qualitatively, altered
      in its expression if it is to play a role in transformation. One might expect to
      find the rearranged c-myc gene in a configuration that would allow it to take
      advantage of one of the known immunoglobulin promoters or enhancer elements.
      However, the rearranged c-myc gene is often placed so that it can utilize neither
      of these structures. Since the level of c-myc messenger RNA is often elevated in
      Burkitt cells, the translocation may lead to a deregulation of the c-myc gene.
      Further, since the normal allele in a Burkitt cell is often transcriptionally
      silent in the presence of a rearranged allele, a model for c-myc regulation is
      suggested that involves a trans-acting negative control element that might use as
      its target a highly conserved portion of the c-myc gene encoding two discrete
      transcriptional promoters.

PMID- 4065949
TI  - Treatment of Burkitt's lymphoma: the African experience.
AB  - Although Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) can be treated by surgery, radiotherapy and
      immunotherapy, chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. This paper summarizes
      the various clinical trials undertaken in Africa over the past decade. The single
      most effective drug for BL is cyclophosphamide (CPM). Given alone for remission
      induction, CPM is as effective as combinations consisting of either CPM,
      vincristine (VCR) and methotrexate (MTX) or CPM, VCR and cytosine arabinoside
      (Ara-C). Survival data indicate that single-dose CPM is comparable to multiple
      doses. Thus, maintenance therapy may not be necessary, and may in fact worsen the
      final outcome. Intrathecal (IT) MTX given together with systemic therapy
      significantly delays central nervous system (CNS) relapse, which is not prevented
      by cerebrospinal irradiation. For established CNS disease, IT-Ara-C for three
      days followed by MTX on the fourth day is effective. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin
      scarification, while provoking measurable responses in vivo and in vitro, had no
      measurable, specific anti-tumour reaction, since no effect was observed on
      relapse rate, duration of remission or survival. High-dose CPM produces objective
      responses in patients previously resistant to conventional doses. Teniposide (VM
      26) is currently undergoing phase 2 trial, and definite short-lived responses
      have been recorded.

PMID- 4065950
TI  - 38.13: a monoclonal antibody directed against a Burkitt's lymphoma-associated
      antigen and its use as carrier for toxins.
AB  - We have previously described a monoclonal antibody, referred to as 38.13,
      reacting with most Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) derived lines, both with and without
      Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), but not reacting with EBV-positive lymphoblastoid cell
      lines (Wiels et al., 1981, 1982). The antibody reacted with 41 BL lines out of 57
      tested. The target antigen, BLA, was shown to be a neutral glycolipid, identified
      as globotriaosylceramide (Gal alpha 1----4Gal beta 1----4 Glc beta 1----1
      ceramide) (Nudelman et al., 1983). This substance is known as the blood group
      antigen Pk, a normal intermediate in the P-substance synthesis. The 38.13
      antibody was covalently linked to either ricin-A chain or gelonin toxin, and its
      anti-BL specificity remained unaffected. Both immunotoxins were highly cytotoxic
      for cultured BL cells. The kinetics of the toxic effects of the immunotoxins on
      these cells appeared to be strikingly fast, since 50% protein synthesis
      inhibition was achieved after two hours' incubation. These kinetics are similar
      to those obtained with entire ricin, and clearly different from those observed
      when using immunotoxins directed against protein antigens (16-30 h). When longer
      incubation times are used, killing of apparently irrelevant targets was
      reproducibly observed. These data suggest the presence of a low number of
      antigenic sites on non-Burkitt cells. The detection of a low number of antigenic
      sites by immunotoxins directed towards such glycolipid antigens might not be a
      disadvantage, but might rather permit efficient and rapid killing of a wide
      variety of tumour cells.

PMID- 4065951
TI  - The state of and prospects for molecular genetics in Burkitt's lymphoma.

PMID- 4065952
TI  - Clinical features of Burkitt's lymphoma: the African experience.

PMID- 4065953
TI  - Laboratory decontamination and destruction of carcinogens in laboratory wastes:
      some aromatic amines and 4-nitrobiphenyl.

PMID- 4065954
TI  - Environmental carcinogens. Selected methods of analysis. Volume 7--Some volatile
      halogenated hydrocarbons.

PMID- 4065955
TI  - Workplace air-sampling for gases and vapours: strategy, equipment, procedure and
      exposure limits.

PMID- 4065956
TI  - A survey of the analysis of halogenated alkanes and alkenes in biological
      samples.

PMID- 4065957
TI  - The determination of halogenated alkanes and alkenes in air. Introduction.

PMID- 4065958
TI  - Multisubstance method for the determination of individual halogenated compounds
      in industrial air.

PMID- 4065959
TI  - The determination of allyl chloride in air.

PMID- 4065960
TI  - The determination of methylene chloride in air.

PMID- 4065961
TI  - The determination of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene in air.

PMID- 4065962
TI  - Specific covalent binding and genotoxicity.

PMID- 4065963
TI  - The determination of epichlorohydrin in air.

PMID- 4065964
TI  - The determination of methyl chloride in air.

PMID- 4065965
TI  - The determination of methyl bromide in air.

PMID- 4065966
TI  - GC-EC determination of bis(chloromethyl)ether in air.

PMID- 4065967
TI  - Determination of volatile organic compounds in ambient air using Tenax adsorption
      and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

PMID- 4065968
TI  - Water sampling.

PMID- 4065969
TI  - Determination of organic-bound halogen in water samples. Introduction.

PMID- 4065970
TI  - The determination of extractable organic-bound halogen (EOH) in water.

PMID- 4065971
TI  - The determination of volatile organic-bound halogen (VOH) in water.

PMID- 4065972
TI  - Determination of volatile organic halogen compounds in water samples by head
      space gas chromatography. Introduction.

PMID- 4065973
TI  - "Static" head-space determination of volatile organic halogen compounds in water.

PMID- 4065974
TI  - "Dynamic" head-space determination of volatile organic halogen compounds in
      water.

PMID- 4065975
TI  - Multi-residue gas chromatographic method for determination of fumigant residues
      in cereal grains and other foods.

PMID- 4065976
TI  - Determination of methyl bromide in grain using head-space analysis.

PMID- 4065977
TI  - Determination of methyl bromide in food commodities using derivative gas
      chromatography.

PMID- 4065978
TI  - Breath sampling.

PMID- 4065979
TI  - GC/MS determination of volatile hydrocarbons in breath samples.

PMID- 4065980
TI  - GC/MS determination of volatile halocarbons in blood and tissue.

PMID- 4065981
TI  - Determination of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in blood.

PMID- 4065982
TI  - Determination of tetrachloroethylene in blood.

PMID- 4065983
TI  - Determination of halothane in blood by gas chromatography (GC).

PMID- 4065984
TI  - Determination of trichloroacetic acid in urine.

PMID- 4065985
TI  - Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons: uses and environmental occurrence.

PMID- 4065986
TI  - Determination of 2,2,2-trichloroethanol in urine.

PMID- 4065987
TI  - Halogenated alkanes and alkenes and cancer: epidemiological aspects.

PMID- 4065988
TI  - Formation of trihalomethanes in drinking water.

PMID- 4065989
TI  - Halocarbons in indoor environments.

PMID- 4065990
TI  - Congenital limb defects.

PMID- 4065991
TI  - Isometric exercises in children.

PMID- 4065992
TI  - Hair copper in Indian childhood cirrhosis.

PMID- 4065993
TI  - Sickle-cell crisis: hematological changes.

PMID- 4065994
TI  - Neonatal tetanus: psychomotor development in survivors.

PMID- 4065995
TI  - Thyroid screening in newborns.

PMID- 4065996
TI  - Behavioral pattern of neonates.

PMID- 4065997
TI  - Blood pressure in under fives.

PMID- 4065998
TI  - Idiopathic ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 4065999
TI  - Immunization strategy.

PMID- 4066001
TI  - Immunisation programme in India.

PMID- 4066000
TI  - The role of Indian Academy of Pediatrics in the Expanded Program of Immunisation.

PMID- 4066002
TI  - [Current problems of blood transfusion. Responsibility of the physician in
      transfusion].
AB  - The physician's responsibility regarding the indication and induction of blood
      transfusion, the request for fresh whole blood and the decision for the degree of
      urgency are outlined. The risk of hemolytic transfusion reaction, one of many
      transfusion hazards, is calculated on the basis of the results obtained from a 7
      year antibody screening program in blood recipients. Measures for the prevention
      of hemolytic transfusion-reactions are discussed.

PMID- 4066003
TI  - [Cold antibodies].
AB  - Cold agglutinins and the antigens they react with as well as their significance
      for blood transfusion are reviewed. Cold auto-antibodies, their possible causes
      and their clinical relevance are described. The chemical nature of the somewhat
      similar molecular structures to which these antibodies are directed also are
      discussed.

PMID- 4066004
TI  - [Autoimmune hemolysis caused by anti-Pr].
AB  - Following an infection with mycoplasma pneumoniae, an anti-Pr-antibody developed
      in a hitherto healthy man, aged 41. Within a period of 5 days the antibody caused
      a severe autoimmune hemolytic reaction. The patient died on the fifth day after
      admission due to hemolysis and uremia. The autoantibody showed a reactivity with
      a broad thermal range from 4 degrees C to 37 degrees C. As an initial warning
      sign, the patient presented an expressed livedo reticularis. Massive wholeblood
      exchanges could not stop the fatal process.

PMID- 4066005
TI  - [The validity of using autologous placental blood in transfusion medicine].
AB  - Resuscitation of the newborn with severe anemia and shock requires rapid
      expansion of the circulatory volume. This study was done to answer the question
      whether an infant's autologous placental blood can be recommended for this
      purpose. In 20 term newborns we obtained immediately after placenta delivery
      placental blood for bacteriologic, biochemical, hematologic and hemostaseologic
      investigations by a special placental vein cannulation technique. Besides other
      coagulation tests resonancethrombography was done and proved to be a simple,
      quick and reliable method to study coagulability of the placental blood samples.
      Together with the well-known advantages of autologous blood use the results of
      this study encourage us to consider autologous placental blood valuable in
      situations of urgent neonatal volume resuscitation.

PMID- 4066006
TI  - [Stability of blood coagulation factors in plasma frozen 6 and 18 hours after
      blood collection].
AB  - In 50 plasma samples flash frozen at -40 degrees C within 6 h and in 50 samples
      flash frozen within 18 h after phlebotomy, both coagulation factors II, V, VII,
      VIII, IX and X as well as AT III, APTT and Quick were measured. Only factor VIII
      in 18-h plasma showed an average decrease from 0,99 IU/ml to 0,85 IU/ml, i. e.
      15% compared to 6-h plasma. None of the other coagulation factors or parameters
      exhibited any change beyond normal ranges. Furthermore, 150 6-h and 150 18-h
      plasma samples were taken from routine production and after thawing were tested
      for factor VIII- and factor-V activity. In a long-term study following a one
      year's storage at -30 degrees C of 30 samples of 6-h plasma and 30 samples of 18
      h plasma, a decrease was found with factor VIII from 0,97 IU/ml to 0,93 IU/ml in
      6 h-plasma and from 0,90 IU/ml to 0,86 IU/ml in 18 h-plasma. Our results
      demonstrate that only minor differences exist in activity of coagulation factors
      of 6-h and 18-h plasma. Hence follows that by observing the instructions
      described, freezing must take place within an 18-h period after phlebotomy which
      thus allows 12 more hours for production without losses in activity.

PMID- 4066007
TI  - [Changes in plasma amino acid level as a possible tumor marker in cancers of the
      gastrointestinal tract].
AB  - We evaluated the free-plasma amino acid pattern in 73 healthy volunteers and 156
      patients with gastrointestinal carcinomas after an overnight fast. None of the
      examined persons showed a sign of malnutrition or metabolic illness. Differences
      of more than +/- 40% in the concentrations of methionine, phenylalanine, glutamic
      acid, ornithine, taurine, and phosphoserine were found in cancer patients
      compaired to healthy volunteers. Tumorstage but not localization or grading
      correlated significantly with most amino acids. From our results we were able to
      compute a linear model of seven amino acids using computer-based stepwise
      discriminant analysis. This formula in the form of a tumor-index can be used as a
      prognostic indicator for the presence or absence of a gastrointestinal carcinoma.

PMID- 4066008
TI  - [Effect of postoperative human albumin therapy on serum protein fraction of
      septic and aseptic patients].
AB  - The effects of 20 and 40 g postoperative intravenous human albumin (HA) infusion
      on the serum protein fractions and on the colloid osmotic pressure (COP) were
      analyzed in 72 septic and aseptic patients. Only aseptic patients showed an
      increase in the COP as well as the serum albumin concentration during at least a
      24-h-period. In septic patients, however, the increased serum albumin
      concentration dropped rapidly to the initial values. This can be only explained
      by a disturbance of the membrane permeability. In contrast, the behavior of the
      serum globulin concentration was not essentially influenced by septic or non
      septic conditions.

PMID- 4066009
TI  - Plating of fractures of the femur.

PMID- 4066010
TI  - Maxillofacial injuries--current trends and techniques.

PMID- 4066011
TI  - Stress fractures and bone pain: are they closely associated?
AB  - The relationship between bone pain and stress fractures diagnosed by bone
      scintigraphy was investigated in military recruits during active training. In
      three patients pain appeared in the site of abnormal uptake 7-14 days after the
      bone scan in a previously asymptomatic site. One hundred and twenty-four sites of
      stress fractures were found in 64 patients; 32 (26 per cent) were asymptomatic.
      In 38 patients (59 per cent) there were multiple stress fractures; 32 (33 per
      cent) had asymptomatic stress fractures. Fifty-three per cent of the regions with
      abnormal uptake in the femur were painless, compared with 17 per cent in the
      tibia. The necessity for imaging all bones susceptible to stress fractures, even
      when asymptomatic, is stressed. It is suggested that diagnosis of stress fracture
      should be made when typical abnormal uptake appears on scintigraphy. Bone pain in
      such cases may be delayed.

PMID- 4066012
TI  - The place of the dynamic compression plate in femoral shaft fractures.
AB  - A retrospective study of 32 adult patients with fractures of the femoral shaft
      treated with the AO dynamic compression plate in one centre was carried out.
      Pathological fractures, transverse and short oblique fractures in the middle
      third of the femur were excluded from this study. The average follow-up was 3.5
      years. The complications were failure of the implant in 6.3 per cent of cases,
      loosened screws in 3 per cent, refracture in 3 per cent and non-union in 3 per
      cent. No instance of deep infection was encountered. The average time taken for
      union was 5.5 months. The overall objective assessment showed excellent or good
      results in 90.6 per cent of cases. There is a definite place for the AO dynamic
      compression plate in well-selected cases of fracture of the femoral shaft,
      provided that close attention to technical details is observed. Timing of the
      operation and the postoperative care also affect the results.

PMID- 4066013
TI  - Fractures of the femoral shaft treated by plating.
AB  - Eighty-six fractures of the femoral shaft were treated by open reduction and
      plating. Seventy-seven fractures (90 per cent) were reviewed 12-72 months
      (average 38 months) after operation. An excellent or good result was achieved in
      70 fractures (91 per cent). There was no case of deep infection. The most common
      complication was a fatigue fracture of the plate, which occurred in five cases.
      In patients over the age of 60 years, loosening of the implant was troublesome.
      Primary bone grafting is essential if rigid internal fixation is not obtained.
      Plating is an excellent method of treating fractures of the femoral shaft in
      patients under the age of 60 years, provided that the surgeon is technically
      competent and experienced in this method of treatment.

PMID- 4066014
TI  - Dislocation of the hip with associated subcapital fracture--a successfully
      treated case.

PMID- 4066015
TI  - Volkmann's ischaemic contracture due to limb compression in drug-induced coma.
AB  - A case of Volkmann's contracture secondary to prolonged compression of the limb
      is presented. The events developed in a patient who had been comatose following
      an overdose of alcohol and a sedative drug.

PMID- 4066016
TI  - Clinical assessment of apparently sprained ankle and detection of fracture.
AB  - The clinical features of 311 patients with apparently sprained ankles were
      analysed and compared with radiographs. Measurable swelling was found to be a
      constant feature of ankle fractures and bruising was very common. The incidence
      of fractures increased with age. No other physical sign nor the history was
      useful in predicting fracture in this context. It is concluded that advanced age,
      bruising and particularly swelling are strong indications for ankle radiography
      and the absence of swelling is a strong contraindication.

PMID- 4066017
TI  - Triplane fractures of the adolescent ankle--a report of three cases.
AB  - Three cases of triplane fractures of the distal end of the tibia are presented.
      There are usually two or three fragments and it occurs in adolescents in whom
      there is little growth potential left; hence there is little growth disturbance
      despite premature closure of the physis. The key to successful treatment is to
      assess the degree of articular deformity and to restore articular congruity.

PMID- 4066018
TI  - Necrosis of the tuberosity of the ischium mimicking neoplasm.

PMID- 4066019
TI  - Displaced proximal radial epiphysis with special emphasis on the possibility of
      false reduction--a case report.

PMID- 4066020
TI  - Refracture of the patella.
AB  - Mildly displaced fractures of the patella, with an intact extensor mechanism, are
      widely treated in a plaster cylinder. This may lead to disuse osteoporosis of the
      patella and a subsequent refracture, which may be at a different site. A
      suggested method of splintage is to use a removable back splint for a period of 1
      2 weeks.

PMID- 4066021
TI  - Pulsatile haemarthrosis of the shoulder joint associated with false aneurysm of
      the axillary artery as a late complication of anterior dislocation of the
      shoulder.

PMID- 4066022
TI  - Penetrating injury of the thigh: a missed radiological diagnosis.

PMID- 4066023
TI  - Wrinkle corner. A suction system for use in orthopaedic surgery.

PMID- 4066024
TI  - Lack of tuberculin activity of synthetic peptides.
AB  - We synthesized an octapeptide, H-Asp-Gly-Gly-Ser-Glu-Ser-Glu-Gly-OH, and a
      hexadecapeptide, H-Asp-Gly-Gly-Ser-Glu-Ser-Glu-Gly-Lys-Asn-Gly-Ser-Gln-Met-Arg
      Leu-OH, which corresponded to amino acids 61 to 68 and 61 to 76, respectively, of
      the amino acid sequence of a crystalline protein reported to be tuberculin
      active. Authenticity and purity of the synthesized peptides were confirmed by
      high-pressure liquid chromatography, amino acid analysis, mass spectrometry, and
      protein sequencer analysis. Tuberculin activity of the synthesized peptides was
      examined in guinea pigs sensitized with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or
      Mycobacterium bovis BCG and in tuberculin-positive healthy humans. Neither the
      octa- nor the hexadecapeptide was as active as tuberculin skin-test antigen.

PMID- 4066025
TI  - Role of culture conditions and immunization in experimental nutritionally variant
      streptococcal endocarditis.
AB  - The nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS) are usually isolated from patients
      with NVS endocarditis and recently have been serotyped into three groups. In the
      past, studies on microbial endocarditis have not analyzed the effect of the
      growth medium or growth phase on the bacteria used to induce the disease in the
      experimental rabbit model. Therefore, in this study various bacterial growth
      parameters were examined, including growth in semisynthetic or complex medium to
      the exponential or stationary phase of growth. The 50% infective dose ranged from
      3.7 X 10(5) to 8.5 X 10(6) CFU for representative strains from each of the three
      serotypes grown under these conditions, indicating that there was no significant
      difference. The role of immunization was also examined in this model using
      organisms grown to the exponential phase in semisynthetic medium. Rabbits were
      immunized with heat-killed whole cells, high titres of specific antibody were
      produced as demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and then the
      rabbits were challenged with 20- to 100-fold 50% infective dose of the homologous
      strain. A total of 90 to 100% of the rabbits were protected from the disease
      process, as shown by the absence of the organisms from the heart valve 3 days
      after the challenge. Rabbits immunized with the amphiphile that replaces
      lipoteichoic acid in these organisms were not protected from challenge,
      demonstrating that another surface component is responsible for adherence or
      colonization or both. Finally NVS were incubated with radioiodinated fibronectin,
      fibrinogen, or laminin to determine whether these molecules aided in the
      adherence of the organisms to the heart valve. Only minor amounts of these
      components were bound to NVS as compared with controls. Therefore, NVS bind
      directly to the damaged heart valve or through an unknown mechanism.

PMID- 4066027
TI  - Bacterial flora in spontaneously occurring aural cholesteatomas in Mongolian
      gerbils.
AB  - Bacteria were isolated from 29 Mongolian gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus, with
      spontaneous aural cholesteatomas. We identified 148 cultures, 44 from the middle
      ear surface of cholesteatomas and 104 from cholesteatoma contents. We could only
      identify 63 cultures to the genus level, although we identified 85 cultures as
      belonging to 21 different species. We found on the surfaces of cholesteatomas
      representatives of 9 genera, from which 8 species could be identified, and
      representatives of 19 genera within the cholesteatoma sac, from which 21 species
      could be identified. The most common bacterial genera isolated were
      Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Corynebacterium among the aerobic genera, and
      Bacteroides and Peptococcus among the anaerobic genera. The bacterial flora of
      gerbilline cholesteatomas was found to be diverse, resembling the flora found to
      be associated with human cholesteatomas. The flora also resembled the organisms
      found transitorily within the normal middle ear cavity of gerbils, except for a
      higher incidence of pseudomonads.

PMID- 4066026
TI  - Strain differences in susceptibility to murine respiratory mycoplasmosis in
      C57BL/6 and C3H/HeN mice.
AB  - Not only is murine respiratory mycoplasmosis, due to Mycoplasma pulmonis, a
      complication of biomedical research, it provides excellent animal models to study
      the development of a naturally occurring respiratory disease induced by an
      infectious agent. The understanding of pathogenic mechanisms of disease can be
      greatly facilitated by studying genetic differences in susceptibility. Five
      strains of mice with various H-2K haplotypes were examined for their
      susceptibility to murine respiratory mycoplasmosis; of these, C57BL/6 and C3H/HeN
      mice were chosen for additional study. There were no significant differences in
      the incidence of infection in either the upper or lower respiratory tract or in
      the severity of upper respiratory tract lesions in the two strains as determined
      at 14 days postinfection. In striking contrast, the C57BL/6 mice were
      significantly more resistant to the development of gross and microscopic lung
      lesions and to death due to pneumonia as shown by an almost 100-fold difference
      in the 50% lethal dose, 50% gross pneumonia dose, and 50% microscopic lesion
      dose. The most apparent differences in lung lesions between the two strains were
      in the severity of acute lesions of the bronchial epithelium, the amount of mixed
      inflammatory response in the alveoli, and the amount of lymphoid infiltrates. All
      were significantly more severe in C3H/HeN mice. In addition, more C3H/HeN mice
      developed antibody responses to M. pulmonis. The amount of antibody correlated
      with lesion severity in both strains.

PMID- 4066028
TI  - A 28,000-dalton protein of normal mouse serum binds specifically to the inner
      core region of bacterial lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - Normal mouse serum was found to contain a protein, referred to here as factor,
      which binds to the inner core region of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of various
      bacterial families. Since factor-LPS interactions resulted in activation of
      guinea pig complement, factor activity could be assayed by a passive hemolysis
      test with sheep erythrocytes coated with LPS or lipid A from Acinetobacter
      calcoaceticus (which was found earlier to bind particularly well to factor).
      Factor was purified by G-50 and hydroxyapatite chromatography whereby the
      specific hemolytic activity was enriched 1,675-fold. Sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions revealed the
      presence of a 28,000-dalton protein as the main band. The identity of this band
      was determined by absorption experiments with LPS-coated sheep erythrocytes or
      latex beads, whereby the 28,000-dalton band disappeared after specific absorption
      and could be recovered from the absorbent. The binding specificity of factor was
      determined in a passive hemolysis inhibition assay with defined oligosaccharides
      representative for the inner core region of LPS. Thus, the di- and trisaccharides
      alpha-D-mannoheptopyranosyl-(1----5)-2-keto-3-deoxy-D-mannoocto nic acid and
      alpha-D-mannoheptopyranosyl-(1----3)-alpha-D-mannoheptopyranosy l-(1----5)-2-
      keto-3-deoxy-D-mannooctonic acid, respectively, were able to inhibit binding of
      factor to LPS. The results are in accordance with our earlier observation that
      the heptose-2-keto-3-deoxy-D-mannooctonic acid region represents a common antigen
      of bacterial LPS. Rabbit hyperimmune serum directed against this common antigen
      and purified factor was found to exhibit the same specificity for LPS. Factor
      activity was followed in mice in vivo after injection of LPS; it disappeared
      completely 15 min after the injection of LPS and reappeared within 1 h.

PMID- 4066030
TI  - Local passive immunization by monoclonal antibodies against streptococcal antigen
      I/II in the prevention of dental caries.
AB  - Local passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies (Mc Ab) to Streptococcus
      mutans was attempted as an alternative approach to active systemic immunization.
      We prepared an immunoglobulin G class Mc Ab to the cell surface protein
      determinant of streptococcal antigen I/II and applied it repeatedly to the teeth
      of rhesus monkeys. This resulted in decreased colonization by S. mutans in
      fissures and smooth surfaces of teeth and no dental caries, unlike the results in
      control animals, which developed caries and showed a high proportion of S. mutans
      on their teeth. There was no significant difference in serum, salivary, or
      gingival fluid antibodies to S. mutans between the two groups of animals. Any
      objections raised over systemic immunization inducing cross-reactive antibodies
      are therefore overcome by local passive immunization. The mechanism of prevention
      of colonization has not been established, but we postulate that the Mc Ab which
      is directed against an important cell surface antigenic determinant of S. mutans
      (streptococcal antigen I/II) prevents adherence of S. mutans to the acquired
      pellicle on the tooth surface. S. mutans reacts with the Mc Ab and becomes
      opsonized, phagocytosed, and killed by the local gingival traffic of neutrophils.

PMID- 4066029
TI  - Receptor-mediated entry of diphtheria toxin into monkey kidney (Vero) cells:
      electron microscopic evaluation.
AB  - To express toxicity in living cells, diphtheria toxin (DT) must cross a membrane
      barrier and reach its target in the cytosol. Here we examine the entry of DT into
      the toxin-sensitive monkey kidney (Vero) cells. Using electron microscopy we
      directly demonstrated for the first time that DT is internalized by receptor
      mediated endocytosis, i.e., via clathrin-coated pits, and enters the endosomal
      system. Methylamine, which is known to protect cells from DT, stopped the
      movement of toxin to coated areas of the cell membrane. In the presence of amine,
      prebound biotinyl-DT was internalized, but toxicity was inhibited. Biochemical
      evidence revealed that methylamine maintained toxin molecules at a site
      accessible to neutralization by antitoxin. The data suggest that DT entering Vero
      cells in the presence of methylamine is sequestered within the cell and does not
      express toxicity.

PMID- 4066031
TI  - Local transfer of delayed-type hypersensitivity after Salmonella infection in
      mice.
AB  - An adoptive local transfer system has been used to study the mediators of delayed
      type hypersensitivity induced in mice by infection with Salmonella enteritidis
      11RX. The cells which transfer this state of hypersensitivity to untreated
      recipients are nonadherent T lymphocytes with the surface phenotype Lyt 1+2-, and
      successful transfer requires compatibility at the I-A subregion of the H-2
      complex. In these and other respects these cells are indistinguishable from those
      previously found to be responsible for in vitro lymphokine release upon culture
      with 11RX antigens.

PMID- 4066032
TI  - Role of cholera toxin in enteric colonization by Vibrio cholerae O1 in rabbits.
AB  - The role of cholera toxin (CT) in mucosal colonization by Vibrio cholerae O1 was
      studied in rabbits by using toxinogenic V. cholerae and nontoxinogenic (A-B+ or A
      B-) recombinant mutants derived from them. After oral inoculation, toxinogenic
      strains colonized intestinal mucosa significantly more efficiently than did
      either A-B- or A-B+ mutants; average colonization was increased 1.5- to 30-fold
      with toxinogenic strains, depending on the inoculum used and the portion of
      intestine studied. Additionally, colonization by an A-B- mutant was increased to
      the levels of its toxinogenic parent by coadministration of CT with the inoculum.
      We conclude that CT contributes significantly to mucosal colonization by V.
      cholerae and that this effect is not due to an interaction of the CT B subunit
      with its mucosal receptor. The possibility that this effect contributes to the in
      vivo selection of hypertoxinogenic variants of V. cholerae is considered.

PMID- 4066033
TI  - Phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar phosphotransferase transport system of Streptococcus
      mutans: purification of HPr and enzyme I and determination of their intracellular
      concentrations by rocket immunoelectrophoresis.
AB  - Enzyme I and HPr, the general proteins of the phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar
      phosphotransferase system, play a pivotal role in the control of sugar
      utilization in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. To determine whether
      growth conditions could modify the rate of biosynthesis of these proteins in
      Streptococcus mutans, we first purified to homogeneity enzyme I and HPr from S.
      mutans ATCC 27352. Using specific antibodies obtained against these proteins, we
      determined by rocket electrophoresis the intracellular levels of enzyme I and HPr
      in cells of S. mutans 27352 grown under various batch culture conditions and in a
      number of glucose-grown cells of other strains of S. mutans. HPr was purified by
      the procedure reported by Gauthier et al. (L. Gauthier, D. Mayrand, and C.
      Vadeboncoeur, J. Bacteriol. 160:755-763, 1984) and displayed a single band with a
      molecular weight of 6,650 when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea gel
      electrophoresis. Enzyme I was purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, affinity
      chromatography on an anti-Streptococcus salivarius column, and preparative
      electrophoresis. The protein migrated as a single band in native and denaturating
      gel electrophoresis. The subunit molecular weight of enzyme I determined by
      electrophoresis under denaturating conditions was 68,000. In gel filtration
      chromatography at 4 degrees C, the enzyme migrated as a 135,000- to 160,000
      molecular-weight species, suggesting that enzyme I is a dimer. In double
      immunodiffusion experiments, antibodies against HPr reacted with several oral
      streptococci, Streptococcus lactis, Streptococcus faecium, and Lactobacillus
      casei, but not with Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia
      coli. Antibodies against enzyme I of S. mutans 27352 cross-reacted with enzyme I
      from all the other oral streptococci tested. No cross-reaction was observed with
      other gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The levels of enzyme I and HPr
      determined by rocket electrophoresis in S. mutans 27352 varied at the most by
      twofold, depending on the growth conditions. Glucose-grown cells of other S.
      mutans strains contained levels of enzyme I and HPr which were similar to those
      found in S. mutans 27352.

PMID- 4066035
TI  - Viral contamination of a subline of Toxoplasma gondii RH.
AB  - A subline of Toxoplasma gondii RH was determined to be contaminated with a viral
      agent, apparently lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.

PMID- 4066034
TI  - In vitro inhibition of adherence of Streptococcus mutans strains by nonadherent
      mutants of S. mutans 6715.
AB  - Four nonadherent mutants from Streptococcus mutans 6715 mutant UAB66 (serotype g)
      with similar phenotypes were shown to inhibit the adherence of adherence
      proficient S. mutans serotypes c and g strains. One mutant, UAB108, was shown to
      inhibit adherence by wild-type strains representing serotypes a, d, and e as
      well. This inhibition of adherence was seen with pairs of strains grown in
      partially defined (PD) medium supplemented with 1% sucrose in both microtiter
      plates and glass tubes. The inhibiting factor was present in culture supernatant
      fluids of inhibiting strains grown in PD medium plus 1% sucrose and was heat
      stable. Ethanol precipitation of culture supernatant fluids of these strains
      yielded a water-soluble polymer which effectively inhibited the adherence of
      UAB66. This polymer, isolated from UAB108, was also shown to inhibit the
      adherence of UAB66 at lower concentrations than that needed to inhibit adherence
      with dextran T10. Partially purified glucosyltransferase, isolated from the
      culture supernatant fluids of glucose-grown UAB108, produced a water-soluble
      glucan which was shown to inhibit the adherence of UAB66 as well. The methods
      developed permit rapid screening for strains or mutants of strains or both that
      inhibit adherence or plaque formation or both by wild-type strains of S. mutans.

PMID- 4066036
TI  - Cloning of the cytotoxin-hemolysin gene of Vibrio vulnificus.
AB  - Genes encoding the cytotoxin-hemolysin of Vibrio vulnificus were cloned in
      Escherichia coli by using the lytic cloning vector, lambda 1059. Subcloning in
      plasmid pBR325 resulted in the isolation of a 3.2-kilobase DNA fragment
      containing the cytotoxin gene. By using this fragment as a DNA probe, homologous
      gene sequences were detected in all 54 V. vulnificus strains studied; homologous
      sequences were present in none of 96 isolates from 29 other bacterial species.

PMID- 4066037
TI  - Enhancement of growth of aerobic and facultative bacteria in mixed infections
      with Bacteroides species.
AB  - The potential for mutual enhancement of growth of the Bacteroides fragilis and B.
      melaninogenicus groups and the aerobic and facultative organisms commonly
      isolated with them in mixed infections was evaluated. Enhancement was studied by
      measuring the relative increase in CFU of the two bacterial components inducing
      subcutaneous abscesses in mice. Of the 42 combinations between three isolates
      each of the B. fragilis and B. melaninogenicus groups and seven aerobic or
      facultative organisms, Bacteroides spp. were enhanced in only 8 and inhibited in
      4. The aerobic and facultative bacteria were enhanced in 31 of the 42
      combinations and depressed in 2. The organisms uniformly enhanced by all of the
      Bacteroides spp. were group A streptococci and Escherichia coli (all six
      instances), followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae (five of
      six instances), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (four instances), group D streptococci (in
      three instances only by the B. fragilis group), and Haemophilus influenzae (one
      instance). It is apparent that the growth rate of facultative and aerobic
      bacteria is enhanced much more in mixed infections with Bacteroides spp. than
      that of their anaerobic counterparts.

PMID- 4066038
TI  - Iron deficiency protects inbred mice against infection with Plasmodium chabaudi.
AB  - Plasmodium chabaudi infections of NFR/N mice made anemic by dietary iron
      deficiency produced mortalities of 25% (male) and 7% (female) compared with 100%
      in iron-sufficient controls. When iron-deficient mice convalescing from the
      primary infection were returned to the normal diet, 100% experienced recrudescent
      parasitemia. No recrudescence occurred in mice maintained on the iron-deficient
      diet.

PMID- 4066039
TI  - Binding, ingestion, and multiplication of Chlamydia trachomatis (L2 serovar) in
      human leukocyte cell lines.
AB  - We examined the ability of lymphoblastoid-myeloid cell lines to bind, ingest, and
      permit multiplication of Chlamydia trachomatis (L2 serovar). Four types of
      chlamydia-cell line interactions were observed: minimal bacterial binding;
      bacterial binding, followed by ingestion and high-level multiplication; bacterial
      binding, followed by ingestion but minimal multiplication; and bacterial binding,
      but minimal ingestion or replication. Our data demonstrate that at 37 degrees C
      in vitro the L2 serovar can both bind avidly to a cell without entering it and
      enter nonphagocytic cells but not grow.

PMID- 4066040
TI  - Trehalose dimycolate from various mycobacterial species induces differing anti
      infectious activities in combination with muramyl dipeptide.
AB  - Significant resistance against influenza virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
      infections was induced when trehalose dimycolate from M. tuberculosis or M. bovis
      but not M. avium was combined with muramyl dipeptide. Trehalose dimycolate from
      M. tuberculosis, in contrast to that from M. avium, could confer resistance
      against Toxoplasma gondii infections.

PMID- 4066041
TI  - Reversible expression of flagella in Campylobacter jejuni.
AB  - Campylobacter jejuni 81116 and A3249 undergo a bidirectional transition between
      flagellated (Fla+) and aflagellated (Fla-) phenotypes. When measured in culture
      medium, the Fla+----Fla- transition occurred at a rate of 3.1 X 10(-3) to 5.9 X
      10(-3) per cell per generation, and the Fla- to Fla+ transition occurred at a
      rate of 4.0 X 10(-7) to 8.0 X 10(-7) per cell per generation. However, passage
      through a rabbit intestine markedly favored the Fla+ phenotype.

PMID- 4066042
TI  - The response of hospital infection control programs to the AIDS epidemic.

PMID- 4066043
TI  - Clinical features and antimicrobial therapy of infections caused by group G
      streptococci.
AB  - Group G streptococci were isolated from various clinical sites in 64 patients
      hospitalized between 1979 and 1983. Oropharyngeal and wound infections occurred
      most commonly, although some of these isolates represented colonization. Ten
      patients had serious infections including five with endocarditis. Patients with
      endocarditis tended to be older, had underlying conditions predisposing them to
      infection, and responded poorly to single agent therapy with penicillin G or
      other beta-lactam agents, despite exquisite in vitro susceptibility. Patients
      with serious infections but without endocarditis tended to be younger, had fewer
      underlying disorders and responded rapidly to therapy with beta-lactam
      antibiotics. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin G, cephalothin,
      vancomycin and newer beta-lactam agents. Occasional tolerance was observed.
      Combinations of penicillin G with an aminoglycoside and of vancomycin with an
      aminoglycoside or rifampin were bactericidal against the tolerant strains.
      Although none of the organisms isolated from patients with endocarditis were
      tolerant, this infection should be treated with combination antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 4066044
TI  - Influence of gastrostomy on the colonization of the stomach: impact on neonatal
      septicaemia.
AB  - Quantitative bacterial counts were carried out on 161 gastric aspirates of 65
      neonates with gastrostomy. In comparison to 101 controls--cultures of premature
      infants without gastrostomy--Enterobacteriaceae, enterococci, Pseudomonas and
      Candida were found far more frequently (p less than 0.01). The colonization of
      the stomach was influenced by the duration of gastrostomy and by the pH of the
      gastric juice but not by systemic antibiotic therapy or the kind of food. Six
      newborns with gastrostomy developed septicaemia caused by the same organisms as
      we had found in elevated numbers in their gastric aspirates. The influence of non
      absorbable antibiotics was studied prospectively in 72 gastric aspirates and 48
      stool specimens. There was no highly significant difference between infants who
      had been treated with these antibiotics and those who had not.

PMID- 4066045
TI  - Mucormycosis and ameloblastoma of the upper jaw.
AB  - We report a case of mucormycotic infection complicating a clinically silent
      ameloblastoma in an aged diabetic woman. Diagnosis was made by culture and biopsy
      of the affected tissue, where foreign-body granulomas were seen, an unusual
      inflammatory response for mucormycosis. A good outcome was achieved on the basis
      of radical surgery and amphotericin B infusion.

PMID- 4066046
TI  - Aeromonas caviae: an enteric pathogen?
AB  - Of the Aeromonas spp. isolated routinely in our laboratory from human feces,
      about two thirds represent Aeromonas caviae. In contrast to Aeromonas hydrophila
      and Aeromonas sobria, this species has been considered to be of little
      enteropathogenic significance due to the absence of known virulence factors. The
      clinical data presented here suggest a clinical significance of A. caviae, at
      least in some cases. As yet nothing is known about the pathogenic mechanisms
      involved.

PMID- 4066047
TI  - Activity of 18 antimicrobial agents against multi-resistant strains of
      Staphylococcus aureus isolated from intensive care patients.
AB  - During an outbreak of infections with multiple-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,
      22 strains were isolated from 12 patients between November 1983 and March 1984 on
      two surgical intensive care units at Kiel University Hospital. Susceptibility of
      all strains was tested with the disc diffusion method and a microdilution test
      using different inocula of 10(2) and 10(5) cfu/ml. All strains were resistant to
      beta-lactam antibiotics, including thienamycin as well as to gentamicin,
      clindamycin, doxycycline, erythromycin and fosfomycin. Rifampicin was the most
      active substance in terms of w/v, followed by fusidic acid, ciprofloxacin,
      vancomycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Netilmicin and chloramphenicol
      showed only moderate activity in relation to the antibiotic breakpoint, but were
      considered sensitive according to the disc diffusion test. Caution should be
      reserved for the use of imipenem against multiply-resistant staphylococci.

PMID- 4066048
TI  - Blood protein conjugates and acetylation of aromatic amines. New findings on
      biological monitoring.
AB  - Internal stress of aromatic amines has so far been evaluated by their
      determination in blood or urine and by the degree of methemoglobin formation.
      Animal experiments have shown that these materials can form adducts and
      conjugates with proteins and nucleic acids. Our investigations show that these
      processes can also occur in human metabolism. For this the degree of such a
      formation of protein conjugates depends on an individually different potential
      for acetylation. In a positive sense it influences the magnitude and the rate of
      renal excretion of aminoaromates and their conjugates and metabolites formed by
      this metabolism. In contrast, only free nonacetylated aminoaromates can lead to
      the formation of conjugates with hemoglobin. These aminoaromates or their
      metabolites can then be detected quantitatively in intact erythrocytes during
      their lifespan. The degree of this protein conjugate formation correlates
      inversely with the magnitude of the acetylation potential depending on the
      availability of free non-acetylated aminoaromates. According to these results a
      clearer assessment of past stress or the presence of strain can be obtained with
      Biological Monitoring by a single determination of such hemoglobin adducts rather
      than by the traditional quantitative determination of aminoaromates or their
      metabolites in blood and/or urine or the methemoglobin concentration.

PMID- 4066049
TI  - Biologic monitoring of workers exposed to silver.
AB  - The smelting and refining of silver and the preparation of silver salts for use
      in photosensitized products can lead to occupational exposures to silver. Our
      objectives in this study were to determine the absorption and elimination of
      silver by workers exposed to different species of silver, to estimate the body
      burden of silver and to relate these findings to the potential development of
      argyria. Workers potentially exposed to silver (n = 37) and a similar number of
      controls (n = 35) participated in this study. Blood, urine, feces and hair
      samples were collected and were analyzed for total silver content by atomic
      absorption spectroscopy. The mean concentration of silver in the blood, urine and
      feces of silver workers was 0.011 microgram/ml, less than 0.005 microgram/g and
      15 microgram/g, respectively; and of controls was less than 0.005 microgram/ml,
      less than 0.005 microgram/g and 1.5 microgram/g, respectively. The concentration
      of silver in hair was markedly higher for the silver workers than for controls
      (130 +/- 160 vs 0.57 +/- 0.56 microgram/g, respectively). The importance of these
      latter findings was questionable since airborne particles of silver can bind to
      hair and lead to apparent high values. Since silver is eliminated predominantly
      in the feces, fecal measurements were used as an index of exposure and as a means
      of calculating body burdens. Human exposure to metallic silver at the TLV (0.1
      mg/m3) is expected to lead to a fecal excretion of about 1 mg of silver per
      day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4066050
TI  - Vibratory and tactile sense of the fingers after working with sanders.
AB  - Twenty-four volunteers worked four times in a laboratory under realistic
      conditions for 80 min with a relatively intensely vibrating plane-sander and a
      less intensely vibrating band-sander (each sander twice). Immediately before and
      after exposure, the left and right third finger was measured for vibratory sense
      with a 100 Hz rod-vibrameter and for width- and depth-sense by means of an
      apparatus modified after Carlson. The reproducibility of the parameters was poor:
      coefficients of intra-individual variation were 20 to 60%. After using the plane
      sander the threshold of the width-sense in the right hand increased relative to
      the effect of the band-sander by 17% of the pre-exposure value; in the left hand
      no increase was found. The thresholds of the depth-sense and vibratory sense
      showed no change. The study suggests that brief vibration exposure below the ISO
      guideline may cause some reduction of sensibility. One should be cautious in
      applying these tests. An exposure-free interval of at least several hours is
      recommended when studying chronic effects of vibration exposure.

PMID- 4066051
TI  - Absence of mutagenicity in the urine of autopsy service workers exposed to
      formaldehyde: factors influencing mutagenicity testing of urine.
AB  - Hospital autopsy service workers and a matched control group were studied using a
      battery of genetic monitoring tests performed on samples of blood, semen and
      urine. The results of the analysis of urine for mutagens are described in this
      report. The participants in the study were matched with the controls for sex, age
      and their use of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana. Information was collected on
      general health, usage of medications and any exposure which might affect the
      outcome of the study. Individuals were sampled three times at approximately two
      month intervals. Time weighed average exposures to formaldehyde in the work areas
      were estimated at 0.61 to 1.32 ppm. Additionally, studies were carried out which
      examined various parameters affecting the testing of human urine samples for
      mutagenicity. No increase in mutagenicity was seen in the autopsy workers as
      compared to the control group. One individual who was receiving metronidazole and
      one control who smoked two packs of cigarettes per day had significantly
      mutagenic urine. A large proportion of the exposed individuals had toxic urine
      while only two of the control individuals had similar toxic urine. The material
      responsible for the toxicity has been isolated and purified but does not appear
      to be related to the formaldehyde exposure. Studies on the parameters affecting
      mutagenicity testing of urine with Salmonella typhimurium suggest that in the
      plate incorporation assay, TA100, but not TA98, can be affected by exogenous
      histidine. Furthermore, with the conditions employed in this study, 3 to 4% of
      labeled histidine added to urine samples was retained by the XAD-2 and
      subsequently eluted in the urine concentrate. Urinary histidine levels of
      unconcentrated samples ranged from 112 to 2614 nmol per ml (mean 994 nmol per ml)
      and the amount of histidine present correlated with the corresponding increases
      in histidine revertants with strain TA100.

PMID- 4066052
TI  - Investigations on neurotoxicity of chemical substances at the workplace. VII.
      Longitudinal study with determination of nerve conduction velocities in persons
      occupationally exposed to styrene.
AB  - The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate whether long-term exposure
      to styrene is associated with functional disorders of the peripheral nervous
      system. Eleven workers (age: 24 to 54 years) of a polyester resin boat industry
      were studied neurophysiologically and biochemically in 1980 and 1983. The
      duration of styrene-exposure varied from 3 to 7 years, with a median of 4 years.
      The control group was comprised of 11 non-styrene-exposed workers of similar age.
      Air Monitoring with passive samplers was performed on different days for each
      person. The mean styrene concentrations were 114, 97 and 92 ppm respectively and
      therefore in the magnitude of the current MAK-value of 100 ppm in the Federal
      Republic of Germany (FRG). For Biological Monitoring styrene in blood (S-B) and
      mandelic acid (MA) as well as phenylglyoxylic-acid (PGA) in urine were determined
      in post-shift samples. The median values for MA at four different sampling times
      were 816, 1660, 1101 and 1224 mg/g creatinine and for PGA 200, 273, 342 and 336
      mg/g creatinine respectively. These levels were below the current "Biologischer
      Arbeitsstoff Toleranzwert (BAT-Wert)" for MA (2000 mg/l) and MA + PGA (2500
      mg/l). The S-B concentrations ranged from 0.05 mg/l to 3.26 mg/l, with mean
      values of 0.92 and 0.70 mg/l. The nerve conduction velocities (NCV) of motor and
      sensory nerve fibers (N. ulnaris and/or N. medianus) showed no significant
      differences between styrene-exposed workers and age-matched control persons.
      There were no hints of "dose-effect-relationships" by correlation analyses.
      Furthermore the follow-up determination revealed no significant changes regarding
      NCV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4066053
TI  - Occupational exposure to organophosphorus insecticides and synthetic pyrethroid.
AB  - Dermal and respiratory exposure to pirimiphosmethyl, dimethoate and permethrin
      were determined for applicators and operators in greenhouse tomato spraying
      operations. Dermal exposure is several times higher than the degree of
      respiratory exposure. Dermal exposure in terms of different parts of the body
      shows significant differences. For applicators the exposure of hands, arms and
      legs is the greatest, and the operators are the most exposed on their hands and
      to a small extent on legs. This fact should be taken into account when providing
      the workers with suitable protective clothing. The carefully selected technology
      of spraying also has great significance in decreasing the degree of exposure.
      Because of the chronic toxicity of dimethoate, all possible methods should be
      taken to reduce exposure.

PMID- 4066054
TI  - Occupational chronic exposure to organic solvents. XI. Alkylbenzene exposure of
      varnish workers: effects on hematopoetic system.
AB  - Thirty-five spraymen, who were varnishing vehicles with alkyd-, phenol- and
      polyestervarnishes, which were dissolved in solvent mixtures mainly containing o
      , m-, p-xylene and ethylbenzene, have been investigated. The concentrations of
      these solvents in air were 2.1, 7.9, 2.8 and 4.0 ppm on average. The levels of
      alkylbenzenes in blood and those of their metabolites in urine have been
      determined. At two of the six working places the spraymen were additionally
      exposed to n-butanol, respectively 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and several C9-aromatic
      hydrocarbons. Some of the lacquers contained lead pigments. Alterations of blood
      cell counts have been observed under the described conditions of exposure. On
      average the number of lymphocytes was higher than that of segmented granulocytes.
      Erythrocytes and hemoglobin level of the spraymen were lower than those of the
      controls.

PMID- 4066055
TI  - Occupational chronic exposure to organic solvents. XII. O-cresol excretion after
      toluene exposure.
AB  - Thirty-five printing workers were investigated according to their external and
      internal exposure to toluene. The concentration of toluene in the air of the
      working place was determined using stationary air sampling and gas
      chromatography. To determine the levels of toluene in blood as well as the
      concentrations of o-cresol, hippuric acid, and phenol in urine, biological
      specimens were collected at the end of exposure. The parameters were determined
      by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. According to our
      results, o-cresol concentrations higher than 5.3 mg per litre of post-shift urine
      might indicate an external exposure higher than the present MAK-value of 200 ppm.

PMID- 4066056
TI  - Cardiovascular changes and hearing threshold shifts in men under complex
      exposures to noise, whole body vibrations, temperatures and competition-type
      psychic load.
AB  - This study deals with changes in the temporary hearing threshold (TTS2), heart
      rate (HR), R-wave amplitude (RWA), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood
      pressure (SBP), pulse pressure (PP) and reaction time (RT) in subjects (n = 108)
      who, while working on a choice reaction apparatus, were exposed in an exposure
      chamber to combinations of noise and vibration at dry bulb temperatures of 20
      degrees and 30 degrees C. The study was carried out as a type 2-3-3 factorial
      experiment, the number of the exposure combinations thus being 18. To find out
      the effects of competition-type psychic stress, some of the subjects were placed
      in a competitive group and some in a non-competitive group. The members of the
      competitive group were given financial encouragement and information on their
      progress during the test, whereas those in the non-competitive group worked at
      the rate they considered best without any monetary rewards or interim
      information. The noise classes were: no noise, a stable broadband (bandwidth 0.2
      16.0 kHz) A-weighted noise of 90 dB not related to competition, and a stable
      broadband A-weighted noise of 90 dB related to competition about the fastest
      reaction time. The vibration classes were: no vibration, sinusoidal whole body
      vibration (Z-axis) at a frequency of 5 Hz, and stochastic broadband (bandwidth
      2.8-11.2 Hz) whole body vibration (Z-axis). The acceleration (rms) of both
      vibrations was 2.12 m/s2. One experiment consisted of a control period of 30 min,
      three consecutive exposure periods of 16 min with an interval of 4 min, and a 15
      min recovery period. The variance analysis model best explained the variation in
      TTS2 values at 4 kHz and second best the variation in TTS2 values at 6 kHz; it
      explained the variation in HR values third best, the variation in SBP values
      fourth best and the variation in PP values fifth best. On the other hand, the
      model explained least well the variation in DBP and RWA values. In general, the
      explanatory power of the model increased together with the number of exposures.
      The psychic stress caused by competition accelerated the growth of the TTS2
      values, HR values and SBP values, when the subjects were simultaneously exposed
      to noise or to a combination of noise and vibration. An interesting finding for
      the continuation of the research project was that sinusoidal and stochastic
      vibration affected the cardiovascular changes, temporary hearing threshold and
      reaction times in different ways.

PMID- 4066057
TI  - Suppression of the allergic contact reaction in the guinea pig by cyclosporin A.
AB  - In a study of the effects of cyclosporin A on the allergic contact reaction to
      oxazolone in the guinea pig, a pronounced ability to suppress redness and edema
      and the dermal inflammatory cell infiltrate was demonstrated. At the generally
      recommended (human) organ transplantation immunosuppression dosage (20 mg/kg), a
      single dose gave no certain effect, but when repeated daily for 3 days, some
      suppression of the reaction was seen. A single 80 mg/kg dose produced marked
      suppression of erythema and edema and all components of the dermal cellular
      infiltrate. This effect was still evident, though less marked, 3 days after
      administration. The 80 mg/kg dose had no effect on the toxic contact reaction to
      croton oil. Of the agents we have previously tested (cyclophosphamide,
      methotrexate and azathioprine) with this model, cyclosporin A has by far the most
      marked capacity to suppress the allergic (cell-mediated) contact reaction, via a
      mechanism which would appear to involve immunomodulation rather than mere
      nonspecific anti-inflammatory effects.

PMID- 4066058
TI  - Synthesis of 15O-labeled butanol via organoborane chemistry.
AB  - Oxygen-15 labeled 1-butanol and 2-butanol were prepared by the reaction of O2-15O
      with tri-n-butylborane and tri-sec-butylborane in tetrahydrofuran. The reaction
      products were isolated and identified via reversed-phase high performance column
      chromatography and gas chromatography. Radiochemical yields of 50% (EOB) were
      obtained. The use of 15O-labeled butanol is suggested for cerebral blood flow
      measurements in conjunction with PET.

PMID- 4066060
TI  - Dose rate dependence on the response of CR-39 SSNT-detector.
AB  - The dose rate dependence on the response of CR-39 SSNT-Detector was examined. The
      dose rate region studied was 10(2)-10(6) rad/min for doses 0 up to 1 Mrad. For
      relatively low and high dose rates a drop in the response of the detector was
      observed. The behavior changes for low doses and above 1 Mrad. The contribution
      of recombination and degradation mechanisms on the observed behavior was
      discussed.

PMID- 4066059
TI  - Lyoluminescence response of irradiated saccharides to radiation quality effects.
AB  - Lyoluminescence sensitivity of five different saccharide powders to electron
      irradiation has been determined using luminol solution as a solvent. Effect of
      electron energy variation in the range of 5-20 MeV on the lyoluminescence yield
      has been measured. The light conversion efficiencies of different saccharides
      irradiated with x-rays, beta-particles, gamma-rays, fast electrons, 170-MeV/c pi(
      )-mesons and 8-MeV neutrons have been calculated. Factors affecting light
      conversion efficiency, sensitivity and accuracy of measurements are discussed.

PMID- 4066061
TI  - Transmitted photon spectra of low-energy gamma rays through water.
AB  - From the transmitted spectra of point sources it is concluded that in a medium of
      low effective atomic number, a multiple-scatter peak is observed at an energy
      below 100 keV where Compton collisions are not very effective in energy
      degradation and photoelectric cross-section is negligible. The energy of the peak
      does not depend on the thickness and physical state of the medium, or on the
      primary photon energy. The intensity of the peak decreases exponentially with the
      thickness of the medium. Measured build-up factors are compared with the
      calculated ones available in the literature.

PMID- 4066062
TI  - Preparation of 13N-beta-phenethylamine.
AB  - Nitrogen-13-labelled beta-phenethylamine[( 13N]PEA) was synthesized by Hofmann
      rearrangement of [13N]phenylpropionamide prepared from phenylpropionyl chloride
      and aqueous [13N]ammonia solution. The reaction proceeded rapidly with a fairly
      good yield. [13N]PEA was isolated using preparative thin-layer chromatography,
      and organ distribution in mice was studied preliminarily. After i.v.
      administration of [13N]PEA, high accumulation and long-term retention of the
      radioactivity were observed in the brain and the heart.

PMID- 4066063
TI  - Production of LiF:Ti thermoluminescence dosimeter material.

PMID- 4066064
TI  - Two-dimensional treatment of dispersion of pollutants in rivers.

PMID- 4066065
TI  - Synthesis, tissue distribution and tumor uptake of 99mTc- and 67Ga
      tetrasulfophthalocyanine.
AB  - Complexes of tetrasulfophthalocyanine with 99mTc, 69Ga and 67Ga were prepared by
      the condensation of sulfophthalic acid with the appropriate metal-species. The Ga
      complex was also obtained by exchange of the central hydrogens of the empty
      tetrasulfophthalocyanine. The labeled complexes were purified by thin layer
      chromatography and characterized by their chromatographic properties. Their
      biodistribution in rabbits and tumor-bearing rats revealed that most of the
      radioactivity accumulated in the kidneys, liver, ovaries, adrenals and spleen.
      Comparison of these distribution pattern with those of [99mTc]pertechnetate and
      67Ga-citrate confirmed the in vivo stability of the labeled complexes. The 67Ga
      complex reached better tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle ratios than 67Ga
      citrate.

PMID- 4066066
TI  - Measurement of yield and cross section for the 27Al (gamma,2p) 25Na reaction with
      a clinical linear accelerator.
AB  - A clinical electron linear accelerator was adapted for continuous energy
      selection and used to measure bremsstrahlung yield for the photonuclear reaction
      27Al (gamma,2p) 25Na from 24.0 to 32.0-MeV in 0.25 MeV steps. A germanium
      detector was used to measure the number of photoproduct gamma-rays emitted. The
      yield values were analyzed for photonuclear cross section using PHONUC II, a
      program especially adapted for use with yield data from thick-target
      bremsstrahlung. The cross section shows distinct resonance peaks at 26.3 +/- 0.3,
      27.3 +/- 0.4 and 30.3 +/- 0.5 MeV. Possible theoretical origins of these
      resonances and applications of the reaction in accelerator energy calibration are
      discussed.

PMID- 4066067
TI  - Evaluation of (o)-[77Br]bromohippuran as renal tubular function agent.
AB  - (o)-[77Br]bromohippuran (BHIP) was developed as renal tubular function agent due
      to its favourable chemical and physical properties and compared to (o)
      [131I]iodohippuran (IHIP). Renograms obtained from baboons were compared and
      absorbed radiation dose calculations performed. Although BHIP showed a delayed
      kidney uptake and washout pattern, good kidney clearance of the radionuclide was
      obtained after 30 min. Radiation dose values for BHIP were markedly lower than
      for IHIP indicating that larger activities of BHIP could be administered to
      increase counting statistics. BHIP imaging in normal volunteers did however not
      substantiate the favourable behaviour obtained in the primate.

PMID- 4066068
TI  - Medical gamma processing facility in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and radiation
      applications.

PMID- 4066069
TI  - Photon absorptiometry of bone and bone standards.

PMID- 4066070
TI  - Premature chromosome condensation: evidence for in vivo cell fusion in human
      malignant tumours.
AB  - Premature chromosome condensation (PCC) was studied in direct preparations of
      tissues from patients with haematological diseases and carcinomas of various
      histological types. PCC was found in 6 out of 166 malignancies (128
      haematological cases, 35 carcinomas and 3 malignant effusions) analysed with the
      GTG-technique. Chromosome analysis revealed S-phase and G1-phase PCC in each
      case; the frequency of PCC varied between 1, 4 and 8.6% of the metaphases
      analysed. It is suggested that PCC chromosomes, which represent cell fusion in
      vivo, are not very rare in naturally-occurring human malignancies, and that cell
      fusion may affect the malignant phenotype. In conjunction with other factors they
      may also explain the heterogeneity of tumour cell populations.

PMID- 4066071
TI  - Trends in morbidity and mortality for oesophageal cancer in Linxian County, 1959
      1983.
AB  - Data on morbidity and mortality from oesophageal cancer (EC) over the 25 years
      from 1959-1983 indicate that this malignancy has been the commonest cause of
      death in Linxian (LX) county during that period, accounting for 16% of deaths
      from all causes and 65% of deaths from cancer. Whereas incidence and mortality of
      EC were high but stable during this period, a decline in mortality has been noted
      recently in younger age groups, coinciding with an improvement in nutritional
      standards. Cohort analysis for the period 1879-1954 demonstrates mortality peaks
      among individuals born late in the last century and early in the present one. It
      also shows that a decline in mortality appears to have started among natives of
      the county born during the period 1935-1954.

PMID- 4066072
TI  - O(6)-methyldeoxyguanosine in oesophageal DNA among individuals at high risk of
      oesophageal cancer.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay using monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against 0(6)-medGuo and 0(6)
      etdGuo enabled the presence of these DNA adducts to be detected in human tissues.
      With this methodology and with 1 mg of hydrolysed DNA it is possible to detect
      approximately 25 fmol 0(6)-medGuo or 12.5 fmol 0(6)-etdGuo per mg DNA. The
      analysis comprised a total of 37 human tissue specimens derived from patients who
      underwent surgery for cancer of the oesophagus in Linxian County (People's
      Republic of China); for comparison 12 tissue samples obtained from hospitals in
      Europe were similarly analysed. Seventeen samples from Linxian County showed a
      level of 0(6)-medGuo ranging from 15 to 50 fmol/mg DNA, 10 showed higher levels
      up to 160 fmol/mg DNA, and the remaining 10 samples were below the limit of
      detection. All the tissue samples from Europe showed levels below 45 fmol 0(6)
      medGuo/mg DNA, 7 being below the limit of detection. No 0(6)-etdGuo was detected
      in any of the samples. 0(6)-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase activity observed
      in tissue extracts from Linxian County ranged from 190 to 326 fmol (mean values)
      of 0(6)-medGuo removed per mg protein and lower values were obtained for the
      removal of 0(6)-etdGuo. The findings obtained using this approach appear
      promising in assessing the role of alkylating agents, e.g. nitrosamines, in the
      aetiology of human cancer.

PMID- 4066073
TI  - No loss of estrogenic or anti-estrogenic activity after demethylation of
      droloxifene (3-OH-tamoxifen).
AB  - The binding affinity of 3-OH-Tamoxifen (Droloxifene or DROL) and N-demethyl
      droloxifene (ND-DROL) to the cystosolic estrogen receptor of rabbit uteri was 10
      times higher than that of Tamoxifen. Both compounds exhibited similar stimulation
      (estrogenic effect) and inhibition (anti-estrogenic effect) of uterine growth of
      immature female rats. 3H-Uridine incorporation into the RNA of MCF-7 and ZR-75
      cells as a measure of anti-estrogenic activity was equally inhibited by
      concentrations of 0.05-1.0 mumol/l of both compounds. Thus, the pharmacological
      properties of DROL were not changed by N-demethylation.

PMID- 4066074
TI  - Studies on components of immunotoxins: purification of ricin and its subunits and
      influence of unreacted antibodies.
AB  - Two ricins were purified from the seeds of Ricinus communis by a simple method
      based on affinity chromatography allowing large-scale preparations. Separation of
      these 2 ricins was achieved by ion-exchange chromatography and studies of
      purified subunits demonstrated that the 2 forms of ricin differed only in their B
      chains which showed widely differing isoelectric points. The A-chains isolated
      from both ricins showed similar biological properties and contained 2 variants,
      A1 and A2, differing in their molecular weights and carbohydrate contents. These
      variants could be separated by affinity chromatography on Con-A-Sepharose which
      bound the A2 variant more tightly than A1. This property allowed us to obtain
      immunotoxin preparations devoid of free antibodies and to study the in vitro
      influence of free antibody on immunotoxin activity.

PMID- 4066075
TI  - Fosmidomycin: a new phosphonic acid antibiotic. Part I: Phase I tolerance
      studies.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of fosmidomycin in phase I with a total of 127 healthy male
      volunteers is described through single and repeated dose studies using oral and
      parenteral routes of administration. The study results indicate that fosmidomycin
      is well tolerated even when given in repeated doses of 8 g/day i.v. for 7 days, 4
      g/day i.m. for 5 days, and 4 g/day p.o. for 7 days. The gastrointestinal
      absorption rate after oral dosing of 500 mg is in general about 20-40% which can
      be calculated to be, in average, about 30% (in comparison with fosfomycin which
      is, in average, about 11% only). The absorption seems to be slow and moderate. In
      single dose studies, the mean peak serum concentrations were 2.45 micrograms/ml
      and 12.3 micrograms/ml after 500 mg oral and 7.5 mg/kg (ca. 500 mg) i.m. doses,
      respectively. The mean concentration after 15 mg/kg (ca. 2.2 g) i.v. dose was 157
      micrograms/ml at 0.25 h. The serum halflives were 1.65 h, 1.58 h and 1.87 h after
      i.v., i.m. and p.o. doses, respectively. The recovery rate in urine was 85.5%,
      66.4% and 26% after i.v., i.m. and p.o. doses, respectively. In repeated dose
      studies, no serum accumulation could be observed after 1 g q6h for 5 days, 1 g
      q6h for 7 days or 2 g q6h for 7 days. Mean peak serum levels of 34.0-35.5
      micrograms/ml were recorded at steady state. The serum protein binding could be
      found in man less than 1%. Unmetabolized fosmidomycin was the only bioactive
      substance found in the urine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4066076
TI  - Fosmidomycin, a new phosphonic acid antibiotic. Part II: 1. Human
      pharmacokinetics. 2. Preliminary early phase IIa clinical studies.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of fosmidomycin in phase I with a total of 127 healthy male
      volunteers is described through single and repeated dose studies using oral and
      parenteral routes of administration. The study results indicate that fosmidomycin
      is well tolerated when even given in repeated doses of 8 g/day i.v. for 7 days, 4
      g/day i.m. for 5 days, and 4 g/day p.o. for 7 days. The gastrointestinal
      absorption rate after the oral dosing of 500 mg is in general about 20-40% which
      can be calculated to be in average about 30% (in comparison with fosfomycin which
      is in average about 11% only). The absorption seems to be slow and moderate. In
      single dose studies, the mean peak serum concentrations were 2.45 micrograms/ml
      and 12.3 micrograms/ml after 500 oral and 7.5 mg/kg (ca. 500 mg) i.m. doses
      respectively. The mean concentration after 15 mg/kg (ca. 2.2 g) i.v. dose was 157
      micrograms/ml at 0.25 h. The serum halflives were 1.65 h, 1.58 h and 1.87 h after
      i.v., i.m. and p.o. doses respectively. The recovery rate in urine was 85.5%,
      66.4% and 26% after i.v., i.m. and p.o. doses respectively. In repeated dose
      studies, no serum accumulation could be observed after 1 g q6h for 5 days, 1 g
      q6h for 7 days or 2 g q6h for 7 days. Mean peak serum levels of 34.0-35.5
      micrograms/ml were recorded at steady state. The serum protein binding could be
      found to be less than 1% in man. Unmetabolized fosmidomycin was the only
      bioactive substance found in the urine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4066077
TI  - Bioavailability of indomethacin capsules in humans (II): correlation with
      dissolution rate.
AB  - The correlation between the dissolution rate and bioavailability in humans for
      five indomethacin capsules was investigated. The mean Cmax, Tmax and AUC24 of low
      gastric acidity in humans correlated well with the dissolution rate determined by
      the paddle method using a slow stirring rate. The Cmax of the high acidity
      subjects also correlated with the dissolution rates determined under mild
      conditions. However, the Tmax correlated with the dissolution rates determined
      under vigorous ones. The in vivo-in vitro correlation seems to have become
      complicated by an anomalous product whose dissolution was remarkably sensitive to
      environmental conditions. The correlation data also suggested that the
      deaggregation force on the adhesive agglomerate in human digestive tract might
      not be strong.

PMID- 4066078
TI  - Poisoning with antidepressive drugs: a five-year retrospective study.
AB  - From 1976 to 1980, there were 3,193 admissions due to acute drug overdosage at
      the Resuscitation Center of the Klinikum Charlottenburg of Berlin, Free
      University. We determined the frequency and characteristics of self-poisoning
      with antidepressants and some low potency neuroleptic drugs (perazine and
      thioridazine). These drugs were involved in 92 cases (i.e., 3%) during a 5-year
      period. Amitriptyline - in combination with a benzodiazepine - was the most
      common antidepressant taken by the patients. 10 of the patients required assisted
      ventilation. Complete ECG recordings were carried out in 24 patients; 21 of them
      had abnormalities comprising prolonged QTC and PR intervals (19, 15 and 8
      patients, respectively). Sinus tachycardia was present in half of those patients.
      In no cases were convulsions or cardiac arrhythmias requiring special treatment
      described in the medical records. The percentage of patients showing ECG changes
      and respiratory depression was higher when other drugs such as ethanol were
      ingested along with antidepressants than when only antidepressants were taken.
      The incidence of antidepressant self-poisoning in this area was relatively low
      compared to the results of other studies. Possible explanations for its low
      frequency could be a low rate of prescription of antidepressants, a low dosage
      prescribed or the success of antidepressants in the treatment of depression and
      thereby in the prevention of attempted suicide.

PMID- 4066079
TI  - Effect of exercise on plasma levels and urinary excretion of sulphadimidine and
      procainamide.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of sulphadimidine (n = 9) and procainamide (n = 8), drugs
      which showed typical polymorphic acetylation rate, were studied in healthy
      volunteers subjected to intense physical exercise and bed rest for 4 hours in a
      cross-over manner. The exercise and the rest began 3 hours after giving
      procainamide and 4 hours after the administration of sulphadimidine, when the
      drug absorption had subsided. In rapid acetylators, the exercise raised both
      acetylated and non-acetylated sulphadimidine concentrations in serum, compared to
      rest values. With procainamide the rise was insignificant. In slow acetylators,
      the exercise revealed a significant difference in the procainamide group but not
      in sulphadimidine group. The exercise did not influence the acetylation degree of
      either of the drugs. Neither did it affect the protein binding of sulphadimidine.
      The urinary excretions of procainamide and acetylprocainamide were reduced by
      exercise generally more than those of sulphadimidine and acetylsulphadimidine.
      Endogenous creatinine clearance was reduced to 66%, whereas the renal clearances
      of sulphadimidine, acetylsulphadimidine and procainamide decreased to 89%, 48%
      and 16%, respectively. The results agree with our previous findings that physical
      stress can result in increased serum drug levels. Exercise does not seem to
      change the acetylation rate nor the protein binding of drugs, but it suppresses
      their excretion in urine, occasionally even more than what would be expected on
      the basis of the decrease in the glomerular filtration rate.

PMID- 4066080
TI  - Salbutamol plus beclomethasone dipropionate versus theophylline for the
      prevention of methacholine-induced bronchospasm in patients with chronic
      bronchitis.
AB  - Forty patients suffering from chronic bronchitis with basal forced expiratory
      volume in one second (FEV1) values at least 20% below ECSC (European Community
      Steel and Coal) predicted values were treated with a combination of salbutamol
      plus beclomethasone dipropionate or with theophylline for a period of 4 weeks.
      Methacholine bronchial inhalation challenges were performed before and after
      treatment. Both treatments produced significant increases in FEV1, forced vital
      capacity (FVC) and FEV1 100/FVC, while only the salbutamol plus beclomethasone
      dipropionate combination significantly reduced the decrease in FEV1 values after
      bronchial inhalation challenge.

PMID- 4066081
TI  - Changes in fatty acid composition of the single platelet phospholipids induced by
      pantethine treatment.
AB  - In a single-blind cross-over study the effect of oral treatment with pantethine
      on plasma and platelet lipid composition was evaluated in 20 patients with
      dyslipidaemia (7 IIa, 7 IIb and 6 Iv type). In plasma significant decreases of
      total cholesterol and triglycerides with increase of high density lipoprotein
      cholesterol were observed. In platelets pantethine treatment significantly
      reduced phospholipid and cholesterol content. In addition gas-chromatographic
      analysis showed a reduction of saturated and monounsaturated and a relative
      increase of polyunsaturated fatty acid content of platelet phospholipids. A
      selective relative increase was observed of some n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
      like eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid whereas arachidonic acid
      decreased. The present study indicates a favourable influence of pantethine not
      only on plasma but also on platelet lipids which could be of value in delaying
      the development of atherosclerosis in dyslipidaemic patients.

PMID- 4066082
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cefatrizine after oral administration in human volunteers.
AB  - The oral bioavailability of cefatrizine was studied in four groups, each of ten
      healthy young male volunteers. Capsules and suspension formulations were each
      administered at doses of 250 and 500 mg. Both the capsules and suspensions had
      mean peak plasma levels at 1.6 h at both dose levels. Mean peak plasma levels
      were 4.1 and 4.3 micrograms/ml for the 250 mg capsule and suspension doses
      respectively and 7.1 and 7.5 micrograms/ml for the 500 mg capsules and suspension
      doses respectively. The overall mean half-life was 1.7 h. For both types of
      formulations and at both dose levels 63-65% of the doses were excreted in the
      urine as intact cefatrizine, 85% of this amount within 8 h. The overall mean
      renal clearance was 157 ml/min. The cefatrizine capsule and suspension
      formulations were completely bioequivalent in regard to both rate and extent of
      bioavailability. Plasma concentrations and urinary recoveries of cefatrizine were
      higher than those previously reported, due to precautions taken in sample
      collection and storage.

PMID- 4066083
TI  - Comparison between penetration of amoxicillin combined with carbocysteine and
      amoxicillin alone in pathological bronchial secretions and pulmonary tissue.
AB  - Patients with chronic bronchitis were treated orally with either amoxicillin (500
      mg) alone or in combination with carbocysteine (150 mg), thrice daily for five
      days, in order to assess whether the combination allows higher antibiotic levels
      to be obtained in bronchial mucus than those obtained from amoxicillin alone.
      Serum and mucus levels were determined for each patient at first and fifth day of
      the two drug regimens. The levels of amoxicillin in the lung tissue collected in
      patients undergoing pulmonary surgery were also determined after a single oral
      dose of amoxicillin (1 g) or of amoxicillin (1 g) plus carbocysteine (300 mg). In
      the bronchial secretions, at the same plasma concentrations, amoxicillin levels
      were statistically higher after administration of combined substances. These
      findings indicate the presence of a pharmacokinetic synergism between these
      compounds, which allows amoxicillin to penetrate more easily through the hemato
      bronchial barrier. The association of amoxicillin and carbocysteine, determining
      an increase of the quantitative levels of antibiotic in the bronchial secretion
      (also if it is purulent), performs a sterilizing action in a short time with
      significant therapeutic advantages.

PMID- 4066084
TI  - Influence of a fluidifying agent (bromhexine) on the penetration of antibiotics
      into respiratory secretions.
AB  - The authors report the results of a study designed to evaluate the possible
      increase of penetration into bronchial secretions of antibiotics when combined
      with a fluidifying agent: bromhexine. The study was carried out in a double-blind
      experiment: erythromycin in 22 patients (group I) or amoxycillin in 26 patients
      (group II) were administered orally; in both groups several patients were given a
      placebo, instead of bromhexine. Antibiotics were administered at the usual
      dosage: 0.5 g X 2 for erythromycin (3 days); 1 g X 2 for amoxycillin (7 days);
      with the latter, two different doses of bromhexine were administered
      simultaneously: 48 mg/day and 96 mg/day in ten and eight patients respectively.
      Samples of bronchial secretions were collected by means of fibreoptic
      bronchoscopy at the second hour for erythromycin and for amoxycillin;
      simultaneous serum samples were also collected. The results of the study showed
      in both groups a significant increase of the ratios between bronchial levels and
      simultaneous serum concentrations when combined with bromhexine; in patients
      receiving amoxycillin with 96 mg of bromhexine the percentage penetration was
      noticeably higher (7.5%) than in those treated with 48 mg bromhexine (4.3%).
      These results confirm the efficacy of bromhexine as a drug able to disrupt
      mucopolysaccharides of bronchial secretions and, as a result, to increase the
      bronchial penetration of antimicrobial drugs as evaluated on the basis of
      percentage penetration ratio.

PMID- 4066085
TI  - Acute and exacerbated chronic respiratory tract infections: treatment with a
      combination of cefuroxime and acetylcysteine.
AB  - Sixty-five patients, 25 with acute bronchopulmonary respiratory tract diseases
      and 40 with acute exacerbations of chronic respiratory tract infections, were
      treated by means of intramuscular injection of an extempore combination of 1 g of
      cefuroxime and 300 mg of acetylcysteine. Patients were divided into two groups
      according to the acute or chronic nature of their respiratory tract diseases.
      Positive clinical results were obtained in 62 of the 65 patients. Of a total of
      52 pathogens isolated in pretreatment bacteriological tests on sputum cultures,
      only three were still detectable after treatment. Tolerance of the treatment was
      good in all patients, no side-effects of any kind being observed.

PMID- 4066087
TI  - Proceedings of the First European Conference on Research in Rehabilitation.
      Edinburgh, 6th-8th April 1983. Abstracts.

PMID- 4066086
TI  - Combined chemotherapy, cryosurgery, and radiotherapy/surgery for oral cancer.
AB  - One hundred and twelve patients (95 males, 17 females) with untreated squamous
      cell carcinoma of the oral cavity underwent a multidisciplinary treatment. FOLLOW
      UP: 6-72 months (median 51 months). T1-4N0M0 lesions (tongue, 31 patients; floor,
      31 patients; cheek, 17 patients; retromolar, 9 patients) were treated with
      cryosurgery (T1-2: 1-2 sessions, T3-4: 2-4 sessions) and contemporaneously with
      (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil)(CMF) (T1-2:2 courses; T3-4: 3
      courses). The patients, 15-20 days after the end of cryo-chemotherapy, underwent
      TCT (T1: 50 Gy on tumour and lymph nodes; T2-3-4: same with an extra dose of 10
      15 Gy on the primary lesion). T1-4N1-3M0 patients (tongue: 8, floor: 13, cheek:
      2, retromolar: 1) received the same cryotherapy and chemotherapy, followed by
      surgery (16 widened suprahyoid dissections, 8 conservative laterocervical
      dissections, 1 radical neck dissection). Overall actuarial survival at six years
      was 61.9%: T1-4N0M0 (88 patients) 66.6% (T1-2 76.0%; T3-4 56.9%); T1-4N1-3M0 (24
      patients) 44.4% (T1-2 66.6%; T3-4 33.3%). Six-year actuarial survival by site
      was: tongue (39 patients) 79.2% (N0 85.9%); floor (44 patients) 55.2% (N0 57.1%);
      cheek (19 patients) 74.2% (N0 68.9%); retromolar (10 patients) 0% (N0 0%).
      Complete remission was reached four months after treatment by 97
      patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4066088
TI  - Preventing actinic elastotic injury. The case of reducing exposure.

PMID- 4066089
TI  - Dermatoglyphics in vitiligo.
AB  - One hundred probands of vitiligo were studied for palmar dermatoglyphics, both
      qualitatively and quantitatively, and were compared with those of 100
      phenotypically normal control subjects. Ulnar loop pattern was the most common
      digital pattern observed in both probands and controls. An increased incidence of
      whorls and arches in men and women probands, respectively, was found to be
      statistically significant when compared with those of controls. Simian crease and
      Sydney line also have been observed in the present study, which has not been
      previously reported. A statistically highly significant reduction has been
      observed in total finger ridge count (TFRC) and a-b ridge count in both sexes of
      vitiligo cases when compared with those of controls. No significant changes was
      observed in the values of atd angle and position of axial triradius.

PMID- 4066090
TI  - Discordance of skin and muscle involvement in dermatomyositis.
AB  - The skin manifestations of dermatomyositis infrequently occur without the
      myositis. A 24-year-old woman presented with concordance of the skin and muscle
      components of dermatomyositis, followed by a remission of the myositis with a
      persistence of significant rash for 17 years, finally presenting with a flare of
      both skin and muscle components together. Clinicians should be alert to the
      recurrence of an underlying myositis at any time.

PMID- 4066091
TI  - Skin infarcts and myositis associated with atheromatous microemboli.

PMID- 4066092
TI  - Spontaneous disappearance of cutaneous sporotrichosis. Report of two cases.

PMID- 4066093
TI  - Leprosy. Packs of teaching-learning materials produced in Oxford (UK).

PMID- 4066095
TI  - Chloroquine, ground substance, aggravation of psoriasis.

PMID- 4066094
TI  - Cryotherapy versus podophyllin in the treatment of genital warts.
AB  - 572 patients with solitary or multiple genital warts attending the Department of
      Genitourinary Medicine at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Bournemouth, U.K. between
      January 1981 and December 1981 were allocated to either podophyllin or
      cryotherapy for the treatment of their warts. Of 350 patients successfully
      treated for their warts and returned for a follow-up examination 6 weeks or more
      after completing their treatment, 206 (139 men and 67 women) were treated with
      podophyllin, and 144 (86 men and 58 women) with cryotherapy. One hundred five
      (51%) of those treated with podophyllin and 114 (79%) treated with cryotherapy
      were free of warts at their follow-up examination. Patients treated with
      podophyllin required a mean of 6.7 +/- SD 3.5 treatments over a mean of 4.7 +/-
      SD 2.4 weeks, whereas those receiving cryotherapy required a mean of 2.6 +/- SD
      2.0 applications over a mean of 2.3 +/- SD 1.2 weeks.

PMID- 4066096
TI  - Tinea in a site of healed herpes zoster (isoloci response?)

PMID- 4066097
TI  - Mohs surgery. Concepts and misconceptions.

PMID- 4066098
TI  - Tinea imbricata. The factors affecting persistent dermatophytosis.

PMID- 4066099
TI  - Trichostasis spinulosa.
AB  - Trichostasis spinulosa is a common disorder of follicular hyperkeratosis that is
      often confused clinically with similar disorders, such as keratosis pilaris and
      eruptive vellus hair cysts. Six patients from the UTMB dermatology clinic who had
      trichostasis spinulosa are presented. Two of the six also had keratosis pilaris
      and one had eruptive vellus hair cysts. The present study was undertaken to
      compare and contrast the clinical presentation and histopathologic appearance of
      these three disorders. The results of the study and review of the literature
      revealed differences in distribution of lesions and microscopic appearance of
      follicular and histopathologic material.

PMID- 4066100
TI  - Perforating granuloma annulare.
AB  - With more than 3 years' follow-up, dramatic clinical transfiguration of granuloma
      annulare was observed in a 59-year-old man with perforating granuloma annulare.
      The eruption was at first localized, then became generalized, developed
      perforations, and subsided in parallel with the improvement of associated
      diabetes mellitus. After reviewing 23 cases of perforating granuloma annulare
      from the literature, the authors divided the eruptions into two types according
      to their clinical features, naming one type papular perforating type (P-type) and
      the other ulcerative perforating type (U-type). U-type is strongly correlated
      with diabetes; patients with this type require detailed laboratory examination
      for the presence of diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 4066101
TI  - Reactive perforating collagenosis.
AB  - Seven patients with reacting perforating collagenosis (RPC) were diagnosed from
      1974 to 1982. Experimental production of lesions in two patients confirmed the
      contributory role of superficial trauma. The pathogenesis of RPC involves
      transepithelial elimination of altered collagenous bundles. This process may be
      observed in a wide variety of disparate skin diseases.

PMID- 4066102
TI  - Stevens-Johnson syndrome. A review of 34 cases.
AB  - Stevens-Johnson syndrome is relatively rare. The authors report a retrospective
      study of 34 patients seen at the University Hospital in Malaysia over 16 years
      and discuss the epidemiology, clinical features, complications, investigations,
      etiologic association, mortality, sequelae, course of the disease, and the use of
      steroid.

PMID- 4066103
TI  - Hyperfibrinogenemia with ulcerations overlying a congenital hemangioma. A clue to
      Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 4066104
TI  - Leukemia cutis masquerading as chronic paronychia.

PMID- 4066105
TI  - Cutaneous metastasis from carcinoma cervix.

PMID- 4066106
TI  - UVB maintenance phototherapy in psoriasis.
AB  - Twenty-six patients with generalized stable plaque-type psoriasis were treated
      three to five times weekly with midwave fluorescent ultraviolet radiation (UVB)
      combined with either tar or lubricants. After clearing, patients received
      maintenance treatment with lubricant and UVB for a minimum of four weekly
      exposures, which were subsequently decreased in frequency. A shielded control
      site was observed. During maintenance treatments no prolongation in remissions
      with UVB maintenance could be demonstrated.

PMID- 4066107
TI  - Treatment of alopecia areata with topical nitrogen mustard.
AB  - Eleven patients with severe alopecia areata (localized and totalis types) were
      treated with topically applied nitrogen mustard. Nine patients had terminal hair
      regrowth; in 7 of the 11 patients, it was cosmetically acceptable. Hair regrowth
      began approximately 1-2 months after the initiation of therapy. Two patients had
      an allergic contact dermatitis reaction to the mechloretamine solution; no
      systemic side effects were seen. During a follow-up period of 12 months, only two
      patients had a recurrence. These preliminary results indicate that topically
      applied nitrogen mustard has a significant effect in alopecia areata.

PMID- 4066108
TI  - Basal cell carcinoma following chronic otitis media.

PMID- 4066110
TI  - Joint conference of the American Diabetes Association and the North American
      Association for the Study of Obesity. Obesity and non-insulin dependent diabetes
      mellitus. October 30-November 1, 1985, Toronto. Abstracts.

PMID- 4066109
TI  - Discoid lupus erythematosus: thalidomide or vitamin E?

PMID- 4066111
TI  - A prospective study of body fat distribution and weight loss.
AB  - Previous studies have suggested an association between adipose tissue cellularity
      and body fat distribution, and between adipose tissue cellularity and ability to
      lose weight. To determine whether there was an association between body fat
      distribution and ability to lose weight, we prospectively studied 187 severely
      obese women. The women were all 50 percent or more above ideal body weight, with
      personal physician documentation of no known major illnesses. Weights were
      recorded at the beginning and end of a 3-week hospitalization and every 3 months
      following hospitalization, for up to 2 years. The ratio of waist girth to hip
      girth (WHR) was used as an index of body fat distribution. A statistical analysis
      which adjusted for age and weight on admission did not find any association
      between WHR and weight loss during hospitalization, or at any time up to 2 years
      after hospital discharge. We conclude that the WHR index of body fat distribution
      is not a useful prognostic indicator of weight change for severely obese women
      with refractory obesity.

PMID- 4066112
TI  - Adipose tissue growth patterns during human gestation: a histometric comparison
      of buccal and gluteal fat depots.
AB  - Morphometric analysis of fat lobule size and number, and fat cell number in
      middle buccal and gluteal fat depots during the prenatal period was carried out
      using histological sections from 88 typical-for-age or normal human prenates of
      both sexes. The sample ranged from 110 to 385 mm Crown-Rump length (or from 14
      through 42 gestational weeks). Compared with the buccal fat pad, the gluteal fat
      was one to four weeks delayed in lobule maturation. In addition to fat maturation
      differences between buccal and gluteal fat sites, gluteal fat characteristically
      showed fewer but larger fat lobules than did the buccal fat pad. Conversely there
      appeared a larger number of fat cells per unit area in the buccal fat than in the
      gluteal fat. Fat accumulation in human buccal and gluteal fat depots include
      differences in growth timing and magnitude, but also different developmental
      patterns. These patterns suggests our hypothesis that while lobule hyperplasia
      and hypertrophy occur at both sites, gluteal fat lobules grow primarily through
      lobule hypertrophy whereas the buccal fetal pad grows through lobule hyperplasia.

PMID- 4066113
TI  - Personality traits in a group of severely obese patients: a study of patients in
      two self-chosen weight reducing programs.
AB  - The Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) test, were used in 98 obese patients.
      Both female and male patients showed higher scores in Somatic anxiety, Muscular
      tension, Impulsiveness, Monotony avoidance and lower scores in Socialization when
      compared to control groups for each sex. The obese patients were given the choice
      of treatment with either a combined behavioural modification program or jaw
      fixation. These groups differed significantly with regard to Psychasthenia, with
      higher scores in those who chose behavioural treatment, and to Monotony avoidance
      with higher scores in those who chose jaw fixation.

PMID- 4066114
TI  - Overweight and musculoskeletal morbidity: a ten-year follow-up.
AB  - The association of relative weight with various indices of musculoskeletal
      morbidity was studied in 902 Finnish white-collar and blue-collar workers. Data
      were collected in the years 1973 and 1983 through a postal questionnaire, by
      medical examination, and clinical assessment of the condition of the
      musculoskeletal system. In the overweight group (relative weight greater than or
      equal to 120 percent), higher mean levels in all musculoskeletal scores (the
      Musculoskeletal Symptoms Score, the Upper/Lower Extremities Score, the Low Back
      Score and the Musculoskeletal Findings Score) were observed, compared with the
      normal weight group. There was no evidence, however of rheumatic complaints in
      weight-bearing joints being more common in overweight individuals, contrary to
      the 'wear and tear' hypothesis. In a 10-year follow-up the changes in the
      musculoskeletal scores were analysed by stepwise multiple regression. Baseline
      relative weight explained 6.3 percent of the variation in the score based on
      clinical assessment. Neither baseline weight nor weight change were significant
      predictors of change in the other scores. No association was observed between
      overweight and lumbosacral disorders either in the cross-sectional study or in
      the 10-year follow-up.

PMID- 4066115
TI  - Salbutamol, d-amphetamine and d-fenfluramine reduce sucrose intake in freely fed
      rats by acting on different neurochemical mechanisms.
AB  - The effects of various doses of salbutamol, d-amphetamine and d-fenfluramine were
      studied on sucrose intake by freely-fed rats. All the drugs reduced sucrose
      consumption dose-dependently. Bilateral electrolytic lesions in the ventral
      noradrenergic bundle, which deplete hypothalamic noradrenaline, antagonized the
      effect of 1.25 mg/kg d-amphetamine on sucrose intake. A dose of 2.5 mg/kg d, 1
      propranolol, a beta adrenergic blocker, prevented the effect of 10 mg/kg
      salbutamol but the dose of 5 mg/kg did not significantly change the effect of 0.6
      or 1.25 mg/kg d-amphetamine. Captopril (35 mg/kg) reduced salbutamol's effect on
      water intake, but not on sucrose intake. Metergoline, 1 mg/kg, a central
      serotonin antagonist, but not xylamidine 2 mg/kg, a 5HT antagonist with limited
      access to the brain, counteracted the effect of 2.5 mg/kg d-fenfluramine on
      sucrose intake. These findings suggest a role for serotoninergic and adrenergic
      mechanisms in inhibiting ingestive behaviour maintained mainly by taste.

PMID- 4066116
TI  - Meeting of the North American Association for the Study of Obesity. Types of
      obesity: animal models and clinical applications. October 17-19, 1982, New York.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 4066117
TI  - Annual meeting of the North American Association for the Study of Obesity.
      September 5-7, 1984, Seattle. Abstracts.

PMID- 4066118
TI  - Adipose tissue II. Proceedings of a satellite symposium to the Fourth
      International Congress on Obesity. New York, USA, 2-4 October 1983.

PMID- 4066119
TI  - Lipoprotein lipase: an attempt to correlate its molecular properties to its
      function.
AB  - Hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase in capillaries of the adipose tissue is the step
      that determines the rate at which fatty acids from lipoprotein triacylglycerols
      are transported into the tissue for storage. Like many other key enzymes, adipose
      tissue lipoprotein lipase can be regulated both in amount and in activity. The
      amount of active lipoprotein lipase at the capillary endothelium is under
      hormonal control. The enzyme molecule itself carries several functional sites.
      Three of these sites, for interaction with lipid interfaces, with activator
      protein, and with fatty acids, regulate the action of the enzyme's active site.
      Another, independent, site on the molecule anchors it to cell surface heparan
      sulfate chains and thus holds it in place at the endothelium. Together these
      properties allow for a fine-tuned regulation of the lipoprotein lipase reaction
      so that lipids are transferred into the adipose tissue at the right rate, at the
      right time, and in the right place.

PMID- 4066120
TI  - A radioisotopic method for the measurement of free fatty acid turnover and
      adrenoceptor response in small fragments of human adipose tissue.
AB  - New techniques for measuring rates of triglyceride hydrolysis and the re
      esterification of resultant free fatty acids (FFA) in small fragments of human
      adipose tissue are described. Buffered medium containing [14C]-glucose and [3H]
      palmitate of high specific activity is used to label newly synthesized
      acylglycerides in incubated tissue. 14C is incorporated only into the glyceride
      'back bone' of acylglycerides, and the rate of incorporation may be used as a
      measure of the rate of synthesis of each glyceride molecular species. Due to
      mixing of exogenous [3H]-palmitate with endogenously released FFA, the actual
      specific activity of FFA esterified to [14C]-glycerides is always less than that
      of the [3H]-palmitate in the medium. The degree of dilution of [3H]-palmitate
      with unlabelled FFA is directly proportional to the rate of lipolysis. Thus,
      determination of the 14C/3H ratio in newly synthesized triglycerides permits the
      assessment of adrenoceptor dose-response characteristics (lipolysis) of unweighed
      fragments of adipose tissue. If rates of 14C-tri- and diglyceride accumulation
      are measured in tissue fragments whose cellularity and rate of glycerol release
      has been determined, the fraction of newly lipolyzed FFA which are re-esterified
      can be calculated. This 'cycle' of re-esterification controls the ratio of FFA:
      glycerol leaving the adipocyte. These techniques can be applied to serial
      subcutaneous adipose tissue samples from awake subjects in various clinical and
      experimental states.

PMID- 4066121
TI  - In vivo tracer studies of perturbed fatty acid transport and metabolism in
      adipose tissue.
AB  - There is a 'futile' cycle of unknown significance operating at a very rapid rate
      (about 40 percent that of the total central fat droplet's daily turnover rate) in
      white adipose tissue of normal mice. The futile cycle may be measured and studied
      because it occurs in a region of the adipose tissue that has poor anatomical
      contact with the capillaries coupled with a high affinity of the adipocytes,
      plasma membranes for the FFA in the ECF. The cycle is drastically inhibited in
      mice bearing the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, a transplantable tumor; the
      inhibition is associated with a 20-fold increase in the FFA pool size of the
      epididymal fat pad (measured directly) and a 70 percent reduction in the TGFA
      pool that is involved in the cycle (estimated indirectly from kinetic
      measurements). However, the mass of TGFA in the central lipid droplet was being
      conserved in the tumor-bearing mice during this study. The TGFA pool involved in
      the cycle represents only about 1 percent of the total adipose tissue TGFA. The
      relation of this futile cycle to adipose TGFA turnover, plasma FFA turnover and
      oxidation to CO2, dietary sources of TGFA, and the loss (and preservation) of
      body fat in cancer-bearing animals was considered in terms of a simple model.
      Although the significance of the altered futile cycle is unknown, the new
      approach described here, coupled with other quantitative tracer and non-tracer
      measurements, may prove useful in understanding factors that lead to obesity or
      body fat loss.

PMID- 4066122
TI  - Lipoprotein metabolism in patients with elevated lipoprotein-lipase activity in
      adipose tissue.
AB  - We have evaluated the relationships between adipose tissue lipoprotein-lipase
      activity (AT-LPL) or post-heparin plasma lipolytic activity (PHLA) and the
      composition of circulating lipoproteins in 7 patients with multiple symmetric
      lipomatosis (MSL). In addition we have investigated the behaviour of serum
      triglycerides after an oral fat load (1 g triglycerides/kg body weight) in 5 MSL
      patients and in 5 age and sex matched controls. We found significantly higher
      values of HDL, HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol in MSL patients than in controls.
      Moreover, HDL2/HDL3 cholesterol ratio was higher in MSL patients than in
      controls, which indicate a predominant increase in HDL2 subfraction. The mean
      values of AT-LPL in lipomatous tissue was significantly higher than in control
      tissue. A positive statistically significant correlation was found between AT-LPL
      activity and HDL, HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol values. After the fat load the
      maximal increments of serum triglyceride levels and the triglyceride areas over 8
      and 12 h are lower in MSL patients than in controls; there was an inverse,
      statistically significant correlation between the total PHLA or the extrahepatic
      PHLA values and the triglyceride areas after lipid load. We conclude that MSL
      represents a useful naturally occurring model for the study of the role of AT-LPL
      in the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and in the clearance of
      lipoproteins in the post-prandial phase.

PMID- 4066123
TI  - Prediction of body fat by skinfold caliper: assumptions and cadaver evidence.
AB  - A series of assumptions required for use of skinfold calipers for the estimation
      of human body composition is examined in terms of direct evidence from the
      measurement and dissection of 6 male and 7 female cadavers. Skinfold
      compressibility showed significant inter-subject and inter-site differences with
      the highest values (64.7 percent and 63.8 percent) at the spinale and biceps
      sites and the lowest (33.6 percent and 34.4 percent) at the front thigh and
      medial calf. Skin thickness as a percentage of skinfold thickness was highest at
      the subscapular site (28.1 percent). Adipose tissue patterning showed great
      variability, indicating the importance of using skinfold caliper readings from a
      variety of different sites including upper limb, lower limb and trunk. Further
      sources of error include variability in fat content of adipose tissue (estimated
      at 20 percent in our sample) and in the internal and subcutaneous fat deposition.
      Recommendations for the use of skinfold calipers to assess adiposity and monitor
      change are made in the light of these findings.

PMID- 4066124
TI  - The relationship of enzyme activity to feeding behavior in rats: lipoprotein
      lipase as the metabolic gatekeeper.
AB  - A model for peripheral modulation of feeding behavior is discussed. This model
      proposes that under certain genetic, hormonal or dietary conditions adipose
      tissue lipoprotein lipase (AT-LPL) acts as a gatekeeper directing triglyceride
      derived fuels to adipose tissue and away from other tissues. It is proposed that
      shifts in the activity of the gatekeeper enzyme LPL result in changed feeding
      behaviors in rodents and possibly in man. In the fafa rat, the alterations in LPL
      activity may play the role of a developmental trigger or initiator. In other
      cases, the changes in AT-LPL may be adaptive rather than initiatory and may be
      permissive of behaviors rather than necessary antecedents.

PMID- 4066125
TI  - Lipid filling and lipolysis in adipose tissue and cells.
AB  - Fatty acids are transported from circulating blood lipoproteins to adipocytes
      during lipid filling of adipose tissue and from adipocytes to the capillary lumen
      during lipid mobilization. Our studies with chylomicrons and lipid monolayers
      show that ampipathic fatty acids formed by the action of lipoprotein lipase
      locate and move in the interface between lipid and the aqueous phase. Our studies
      on brown and white adipose tissue show that fatty acids formed by the action of
      lipoprotein lipase on chylomicrons at the capillary endothelial surface and by
      the action of hormone sensitive lipase on intracellular lipid droplets locate in
      an interfacial continuum composed of the outer leaflets of the plasma membrane of
      cells and the lumenal leaflets of intracellular membranes. Ampipathic fatty acids
      can be visualized with electron microscopy as lamellar structures. In fixed
      tissue fatty acids which overcrowd the interfacial continuum form lamellar
      extensions of the external leaflet of membranes at different sites along their
      transport route. In adipose tissue of fed animals lamellar structures extend from
      chylomicrons at the capillary endothelial surface through trans-endothelial
      channels to adipocytes marking the route of transport of fatty acids during lipid
      filling of adipose tissue. In adipose tissue of fasted animals lamellar
      structures extend from intracellular lipid droplets through intracellular
      channels to the plasma membrane of adipocytes marking the route of fatty acid
      transport during lipid mobilization. In adipocytes from brown adipose tissue of
      cold-stressed young animals lamellar structures extend from intracellular lipid
      droplets to the outer mitochondrial chamber marking the route of transport of
      fatty acids to mitochondria for oxidation and heat production.

PMID- 4066126
TI  - Gonadal influences on adiposity.
AB  - Gonadal steroids affect energy balance and adiposity in a variety of mammalian
      species. For example, estradiol acts via multiple, redundant mechanisms to reduce
      body weight and adiposity. The steroid can act directly in the brain to decrease
      food intake and stimulate voluntary exercise. Sex hormones may act concurrently
      in non-neural peripheral tissues to alter metabolic processes and energy balance.
      White adipose tissue estrogen receptors may mediate estradiol-induced decreases
      in lipoprotein lipase activity and lipid storage. Finally, estradiol increases
      energy expenditure independent of any effects on voluntary exercise. Brown
      adipose tissue is a potential site for estradiol-induced thermogenesis.

PMID- 4066127
TI  - Cycles of body fat in hibernators.
AB  - This paper reviews data on seasonal changes in body fat of mammalian hibernators.
      It then presents data on the fat cell number and size in the retroperitoneal and
      gonadal fat depots of dormice, Glis glis, over the course of their body weight
      cycles. Enlargement of fat cell size is the principal way that hibernators get
      fat. The hibernator cycle may provide a way of discovering whether regulation of
      fat level is achieved through regulation of total mass of fat or through
      regulation of the size of existing adipocytes.

PMID- 4066128
TI  - Regulation of energy expenditure. Proceeding of a satellite meeting on the
      regulation of energy expenditure. September and October 1983, Vermont, USA.

PMID- 4066129
TI  - New evidence for a thermogenic defect in human obesity.
AB  - A reduced thermogenic response to food ingestion may contribute to the dynamic
      phase of weight gain in obesity. A defect in diet-induced thermogenesis has been
      reported in about one third of an unselected group of obese women. After inducing
      weight loss with a hypocaloric diet, the thermogenic defect does not disappear.
      Since basal metabolic rate decreases with weight loss, the overall postprandial
      energy expenditure of 'post-obese' individuals can be lower than that of lean
      controls. As a consequence, post-obese subjects must reset energy intake to a
      lower level than the previous maintenance food consumption in order to avoid
      relapse of body weight gain.

PMID- 4066130
TI  - Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure and thermogenesis: response to progressive
      carbohydrate overfeeding in man.
AB  - Short-term overfeeding with carbohydrate induced a marked stimulation of energy
      expenditure, amounting to 33 per cent of the excess energy intake on the 7th day
      of overfeeding. This value is larger than that previously reported in man.
      Stimulation of lipogenesis and increased activity of the sympathetic nervous
      system seem to be the two major mechanisms which account for the stimulation of
      energy expenditure during carbohydrate overfeeding.

PMID- 4066132
TI  - Catecholamine sensitivity with respect to metabolic rate in man.
AB  - Most of the different thermogenic defects proposed as contributing factors in the
      development and maintenance of human obesity are controversial or difficult to
      reproduce. Since catecholamine stimulation results in an increased thermogenesis
      we thought that a carefully standardized dose-response test could be of value
      when comparing the thermogenic potential of different subjects. This report is a
      short summary of experiments performed in cooperation with the group of E.
      Jequier in Lausanne. More detailed information is given in Sjostrom et al. Am. J.
      Physiol. 1983, 245, E431-E442. The present report also analyses our results in
      relation to those in the literature.

PMID- 4066131
TI  - Evidence that the sympathetic nervous system does not regulate dietary
      thermogenesis in humans.
AB  - Overfeeding normal volunteers with either carbohydrate or a mixture of
      supplements for 20 days increased resting metabolic rate, but most of the excess
      energy was retained. There was no significant increase in urinary VMA or
      catecholamine excretion or plasma catecholamine concentrations during
      overfeeding, suggesting that there was no diffuse activation of the sympathetic
      nervous system. Overfeeding did not enhance the thermogenic response to
      norepinephrine infusion, suggesting that the increase in resting metabolic rate
      during overfeeding in man is not mediated by increased sensitivity to
      norepinephrine or by hypertrophy of brown fat. Propranolol slightly reduced
      postprandial resting metabolic rate during overfeeding is not mediated by
      increased sympathetic nervous system activity. These data are not consistent with
      the hypothesis that the sympathetic nervous system regulates dietary
      thermogenesis in man.

PMID- 4066133
TI  - The sympathetic nervous system in human obesity.
AB  - No evidence for increased thermic sensitivity to NE during mixed nutrient
      overfeeding in humans was found by the authors although in small rodents
      increased NE sensitivity is an important regulator of adaptive thermogenesis.
      Additionally no intrinsic defect in the thermic response of NE in two separate
      groups of obese individuals was found by the authors but an apparent decrease in
      the plasma appearance rate of NE in one group of homogeneously obese subjects was
      noted, the clinical significance of which remains to be determined.

PMID- 4066134
TI  - The exchange of matter and energy in lean and overweight men and women: a
      calorimetric study of overeating, balanced intake and undereating.
AB  - In this study of overeating and undereating, the terms in energy exchange were
      measured by 24-h direct and indirect calorimetry, bomb calorimetry of food and
      feces, and changes in body weight and composition; on average, the terms balanced
      to within 200 to 300 kcal/day. All subjects, whether habitually lean or
      overweight, gained weight similarly during overeating and lost similarly during
      undereating. Nor was there any difference in the adaptive thermogenesis of
      overweight and lean men and women.

PMID- 4066135
TI  - The effect of increasing physical activity on voluntary food intake and energy
      balance.
AB  - Energy homeostasis with increased physical activity is dependent upon
      compensatory changes in intake. Results from metabolic balance studies in obese
      women indicate a dissociation of energy intake from that expended as exercise.
      Voluntary intake remained fixed at a sedentary level whether activity was added
      to or subtracted from total daily expenditure. The importance of physiological
      factors such as excess energy stores or psychological factors such as habit or
      sensory perceptions in obesity needs consideration.

PMID- 4066136
TI  - Defective brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in obese mice.
AB  - Defective BAT thermogenesis is associated with obesity in all the different types
      of obese animal so far studied. The deficit in normal energy expenditure may be
      presumed to contribute to the high metabolic efficiency and, together with the
      hyperphagia, to the obesity of these animals. In two types of obese animal (the
      ob/ob mouse, the db/db mouse) an increased propensity to become torpid provides
      an additional energy conserving mechanism that contributes to the high metabolic
      efficiency. In all these animals an abnormality of hypothalamic function appears
      likely. Obviously animals with induced hypothalamic lesions (the VMH-lesioned
      rat, the GTG-obese mouse) have an interruption in the normal pathway that links
      diet and the sympathetic innervation of BAT. The fa/fa rat resembles these
      animals in failing to activate BAT thermogenesis in response to diet: the lesion
      may lie in the hypothalamus itself or elsewhere in the food-intestine
      hypothalamus-BAT axis, for example in intestinal peptide hormones. The ob/ob
      mouse has a peculiar hypothalamic defect that interferes with control of
      thermogenesis in BAT as well as impairing or exaggerating some aspects of
      thermoregulation. The db/db mouse resembles the ob/ob mouse but, since the defect
      is genetically distinct, presumably has a different lesion at the molecular
      level.

PMID- 4066137
TI  - Norepinephrine turnover in obese mice and rats.
AB  - The possibility that sympathetic nervous system activity, as assessed by
      measurement of norepinephrine turnover, in brown adipose tissue of animals with a
      predisposition for development of obesity is altered has been examined. Evidence
      is provided to indicate that ob/ob mice, fa/fa rats and rats with hypothalamic
      lesions all exhibit some abnormalities of norepinephrine kinetics in brown
      adipose tissue. Data are needed to evaluate the contribution of these
      abnormalities to development of obesity in these animals.

PMID- 4066138
TI  - Increased metabolic efficiency in obese mutant mice.
AB  - Several different single gene mutations are known to cause similar diabetes
      obesity syndromes in mice. Our studies with two mutations, obese (ob) and
      diabetes (db) have shown that each syndrome develops similarly. Symptoms include
      hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, hyperphagia, diabetes, and obesity coupled with
      similar, and large increases, in the efficiency of food utilization. Even when
      maintained on 50 percent of normal food intake, mutants still become obese. This
      increase in metabolic efficiency has been suggested to be due to a failure of
      mutant mice to thermoregulate. Our studies indicate that any defect in
      thermoregulation is not severe enough to conserve sufficient calories to account
      for the large increase in metabolic efficiency observed in each mutant and the
      increased efficiency seen in mutants must be a result of other mechanisms. More
      critical studies in both normal and obese mice should lead to information
      defining the contribution of the many different potential energy saving
      mechanisms available.

PMID- 4066140
TI  - Terminology in parasitology.

PMID- 4066139
TI  - World Health Organisation Onchocerciasis Chemotherapy Project in vitro culture on
      filarial parasites, especially Onchocerca spp.

PMID- 4066141
TI  - Strain variation in Hymenolepis diminuta: enzyme profiles.

PMID- 4066142
TI  - Prenatal and lactational transmission of Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum:
      experimental infection of the bitch at midpregnancy and at parturition.

PMID- 4066143
TI  - Trichostrongylus colubriformis: effect of anthelmintics on ingestion and
      oviposition.

PMID- 4066144
TI  - Distribution of trichostrongylid nematodes in the abomasum of sheep.

PMID- 4066145
TI  - Chemotactic factors for eosinophils in soluble extracts of L3 stages of
      Ostertagia ostertagi.

PMID- 4066146
TI  - Regulation of Haemonchus contortus populations in sheep exposed to continuous
      infection.

PMID- 4066147
TI  - Comparative development of Australian strains of Echinococcus granulosus in
      dingoes (Canis familiaris dingo) and domestic dogs (C.F. familiaris), with
      further evidence for the origin of the Australian sylvatic strain.

PMID- 4066148
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of the DEC reaction in dogs infected with Dirofilaria
      immitis.

PMID- 4066149
TI  - The responses of Philophthalmus gralli and P. megalurus miracidia to light,
      gravity and magnetic fields.

PMID- 4066150
TI  - Studies on peptides. CXXVIII. Application of new heterobifunctional crosslinking
      reagents for the preparation of neurokinin (A and B)-BSA (bovine serum albumin)
      conjugates.
AB  - A decapeptide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of neurokinin A, a
      porcine spinal cord peptide, was synthesized in a conventional manner using
      protecting groups removable by 1 M TFMSA-thioanisole in TFA. The HS-CH2CH2CO
      group was introduced onto the synthetic neurokinin A by reaction of 3-(S-acetyl
      thiopropionyl)-thiazolidine-2-thione, followed by deacetylation with
      hydroxylamine. 2,4-Dinitrophenyl-p-(beta-nitrovinyl)-benzoate trapped the above
      HS-CH2CH2CO-neurokinin A derivative in acidic media, then BSA in basic media in
      nearly quantitative yield. A similar decapeptide, neurokinin B, was also
      synthesized and conjugated onto BSA using an alternative SH-introducing reagent,
      3-(S-p-methoxybenzyl-thiopropionyl)-thiazolidine-2-thione, and the above
      heterobifunctional conjugating reagent.

PMID- 4066151
TI  - Synthesis of thymosin alpha 1 by fragment condensation using tert.-butyl side
      chain protection.
AB  - A novel synthesis of thymosin alpha 1 by classical methods using seven tert.
      butyl side chain protected fragments is described. Optimum conditions were found
      for the final DCC/HOBt coupling of the two key intermediates; decapeptide and
      octadecapeptide. Thymosin alpha 1 was purified by two stages of preparative HPLC
      (partial purification with C8 and final purification with C18 reverse phase
      silica gel) to give a 30% overall yield for the final four stages of synthesis
      (including catalytic hydrogenation of octadecapeptide, coupling, deprotection and
      purification). The product was shown to be homogeneous by thin-layer and paper
      high voltage electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing analysis, thin-layer
      chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Amino acid analysis,
      optical rotation, 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy, FAB mass spectroscopy and peptide
      mapping after tryptic digestion confirmed the structure of thymosin alpha 1.
      Three minor stereoisomer contaminants were isolated by HPLC and characterized as
      [D-Lys14]-thymosin alpha 1, [D-Lys17]-thymosin alpha 1 and [D-Ala3]-thymosin
      alpha 1 resulting from racemization at Lys14, Lys17 and Ala3 during the coupling
      of the fragments. A final contaminant, isolated by HPLC, was characterized as N
      alpha-isobutyloxycarbonyl-thymosin alpha 1 (15-28), which results from "wrong way
      opening" of an activated mixed anhydride.

PMID- 4066152
TI  - Models of molecular evolution. 2. Stereospecificity of dipeptide syntheses by
      means of cyanamides and carbodiimides.
AB  - Acetyl, benzyloxycarbonyl and tosyl protected DL-alanine, DL-leucine, DL
      methionine, DL-phenylalanine, and DL-valine were condensed with DL-amino acid
      methyl esters. Cyanamide, diethylcyanamide, diisopropyl carbodiimide,
      dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, and N-cyclohexyl-N'-(2-morpholino ethyl) carbodiimide
      N''-methotosylate served as condensing reagents. Water, methanol, and
      dimethylformamide were used as reaction media. The stereochemical course of these
      dipeptide syntheses was elucidated by means of 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. The
      formation of L-L and D-D bonds (isotactic sequences) was favoured in ca. 80% of
      all condensations. L-L/L-D (D-D/D-L) ratios of up to 6:1 were found.

PMID- 4066153
TI  - Synthesis and analgesic properties of N-phosphorylated derivatives of Phe-Ala and
      Phe-Gly.
AB  - N-Phosphoryl dipeptides derived from Phe-Ala, Phe-Ala-NH2 and Phe-Gly-NH2 were
      synthesized and their analgesic activity was evaluated in mice.
      Intracerebroventricular administration of P-Phe-Ala-NH2 produced a 100-fold
      increase in the analgesic potency of Phe-Ala and led to a potentiation and
      prolongation of the analgesic effect of the exogenously administered Met
      enkephalin.

PMID- 4066154
TI  - Myoglobin structure and regulation of solvent accessibility of heme pocket.
AB  - The effects of heme removal on the molecular structure of tuna and sperm whale
      myoglobin have been investigated by comparing the solvent accessibility to the
      heme pocket of the two proteins with that of the corresponding apoproteins.
      Although the heme microenvironment of tuna myoglobin is more polar than that of
      sperm whale myoglobin, the accessibility of solvent to heme is identical in the
      two proteins as revealed by thermal perturbation of Soret absorption. The removal
      of heme produces loss of helical folding and increase of solvent accessibility
      but the effects are rather different for the two proteins. More precisely, the
      loss of helical structure upon heme removal is 50% for tuna myoglobin and 15% for
      sperm whale myoglobin; moreover, the solvent accessibility of the heme pocket of
      tuna apomyoglobin is 2-3-fold greater than that of sperm whale apomyoglobin.
      These results have been explained in terms of the lack of helical folding in
      segment D, the structural organization of which may have a relevant effect in
      regulating the accessibility of ligands to the heme. The effects produced by
      charged quenchers reveal that the ligand path from the surface of the molecule to
      the ion atom of the heme involves a positively charged residue which may
      reasonably be identified as Arg-45 (sperm whale myoglobin) or Lys-41 (tuna
      myoglobin) on the basis of recent X-ray crystallographic information.

PMID- 4066155
TI  - Synthesis of peptide labelled with p-iodophenylalanine which corresponds to the
      first amphipathic region of apolipoprotein C-I.
AB  - The amino terminal fragment (1-15) of apolipoprotein C-1, H-Thr-Pro-Asp-Val-Ser
      Ser-Ala-Leu-Asp-Lys-Leu-Lys-Glu-Phe14-Gly was prepared by the solid phase method.
      However, the phenylalanine residue at position 14 was replaced with p
      iodophenylalanine in the chemical synthesis. The preparation of t-butyloxy
      carbonyl-p-iodophenylalanine is described. After completion of the synthesis, the
      product was deprotected and cleaved from the resin with liquid HF. The peptide
      was purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 and preparative high performance
      liquid chromatography. The purified material was shown to be homogeneous by amino
      acid analytical data and by chromatography in three different analytical reversed
      phase HPLC systems. The peptide was then labelled by the chloroamine-T procedure
      and good incorporation of 125I was obtained. After purification of the product by
      gel filtration on Biogel P-2, the labelled pentadecapeptide was tested for
      ability to bind to Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) in the following manner:
      VLDL was isolated from normolipemic serum by ultracentrifugal flotation and 100
      microliter samples were incubated with labelled material dissolved in 200
      microliter of 0.5 M NaCl, 0.02 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4 at 37 degrees
      for 30 min. The VLDL fraction was again isolated by ultracentrifugal flotation
      and the incorporation of radioactivity into the lipoprotein was measured. Under
      these conditions, a sample of [3H]-native apolipoprotein C-I was incorporated to
      an extent of 83% of the total sample, while the [125I]-pentadecapeptide exhibited
      an incorporation of 8.7%.

PMID- 4066156
TI  - Intraocular cannula for chronic drug delivery. Method and clinical observation.
AB  - An intraocular cannula system for chronic drug delivery was designed and tested
      in rabbits. The cannula was inserted through the pars plana and the tip
      positioned in the vitreous cavity (distal tip) in a site close to the retinal
      area of interest. The cannula was stabilized by a silicone plate that was sutured
      to the sclera. The proximal end of the cannula was attached to a larger diameter
      silicone tubing which served as a connector to the reservoir for chronic drug
      delivery. Rabbit eyes with implanted cannulas were followed clinically and
      electrophysiologically for up to one and a half years. They showed almost no
      adverse effects as a result of the implantation and cannula patency was
      demonstrated by the injection of sodium fluorescein through the cannula at
      various times following surgery. We believe that the implanted intraocular
      cannula, which allows chronic drug delivery, will be a valuable asset for
      research and possibly clinical studies.

PMID- 4066157
TI  - Ten year prospective follow-up of a glaucoma operation. The Double Flap Scheie in
      primary open angle glaucoma.
AB  - The results of a longterm prospective follow-up study after the 'Double Flap'
      Scheie filtering operation are presented. Fifty-two eyes of 47 patients with
      primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) were operated; after ten years 29 eyes of 24
      patients could be examined. Twenty patients (43%) had died, in three follow-up
      was incomplete. The two and four year results have been published earlier. In the
      29 eyes the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) without medical therapy rose from
      15.8 mm Hg at five years to 16.3 mm Hg at ten years (not significant). Additional
      medical or surgical treatment was necessary in 35% of the eyes. Diurnal variation
      and outflow facility remained stable. During the ten years 13 eyes showed some
      deterioration of visual fields. Nearly all clinically important deterioration
      occurred within five years after the operation. Cataract progression was noticed
      in 45% (13 of 29); four times a lens extraction was performed (13%). Complete
      success of the operation, as judged by stable visual fields and IOP levels at or
      under 21 mm Hg without additional medical or surgical therapy was reached in 13
      of 20 eyes (45%). Based on IOP alone the success rate was 62% without and 93%
      with additional treatment.

PMID- 4066158
TI  - Autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa and Coats'-like disease.
AB  - Two patients with retinitis pigmentosa of the dominant type and a Coats'-like
      syndrome were studied. The aetiology of the Coats'-like syndrome in retinitis
      pigmentosa is obscure. The principal theories will be reported in this paper. The
      association between retinitis pigmentosa and Coats'-like disease has been
      reported many times in a sporadic way (Zamorani, 1956; Morgan and Crawford,
      1968). As far as we know this association in more than one member of the same
      pedigree has been published only in two papers (Schmidt and Faulborn, 1972;
      Lanier, McCrary and Justice, 1976). Below we describe the case of two brothers
      suffering from retinitis pigmentosa of the dominant type and Coats'-like
      syndrome. To our knowledge this is the first report in English of the occurrence
      in a family of association of retinitis pigmentosa of the dominant type and
      Coats'-like syndrome which occurred in two brothers of non consanguineous
      parents.

PMID- 4066159
TI  - Clinical detection of abnormalities in central vision in chronic simple glaucoma
      using contrast sensitivity.
AB  - Visual defect was assessed by contrast sensitivity and perimetry in 50 patients
      with chronic simple glaucoma. Abnormal contrast sensitivity using static gratings
      was found in patients with full central fields (i.e. a field of 15 degrees or
      more around fixation for the 12e isopter). It appears that central vision is
      affected by nerve fibre damage in the early stages of glaucoma, even in the
      presence of full central fields and normal visual acuity. Contrast sensitivity
      using temporally modulated gratings was reduced in the glaucoma patients,
      although this was found to be a less sensitive measure of visual loss than static
      contrast sensitivity function. These findings are discussed, and it is suggested
      that static contrast sensitivity function provides a simple method for detecting
      early visual defect in glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

PMID- 4066160
TI  - Argon laser treatment of an abnormal angle vessel producing recurrent hyphema.
AB  - Spontaneous hyphema has been linked to many conditions. We describe a patient
      with recurrent spontaneous hyphema caused by an abnormal angle vessel without
      associated rubeosis iridis, glaucoma, or other vascular abnormalities as
      documented by iris fluorescein angiography. After treatment with several sessions
      of argon laser photocoagulation, the patient has remained asymptomatic during ten
      months of follow-up.

PMID- 4066161
TI  - Pseudophakic glaucoma.
AB  - Pseudophakia by itself does not cause ocular hypertension. Pseudophakic glaucoma
      should be defined as glaucoma that would not be present in an eye if it were not
      pseudophakic. Ocular hypertension was noted in 15 (9%) of 166 pseudophakic eyes.
      Only 5 eyes (3%) had ocular hypertension requiring treatment. Three of these eyes
      (1.8%) had permanent ocular hypertension resulting in chronic pseudophakic
      glaucoma. This study shows that pseudophakic glaucoma is no more frequent than
      aphakic glaucoma. Secondary glaucoma in pseudophakic eyes is not always related
      to the presence of the lens. Pupillary block glaucoma and UGH syndrome are
      directly related to the lens. Secondary glaucoma by ghost cells and by pigment
      dispersion are also in some cases directly related to the lens.

PMID- 4066162
TI  - Symptoms and EEG findings in the borderline syndrome.
AB  - Symptomatology and electroencephalographic abnormalities were examined in thirty
      nine individuals with borderline personality disorder, compared with twenty
      unipolar depressed patients. Borderline individuals showed a much higher
      incidence of symptoms commonly seen in complex partial seizures or episodic
      dyscontrol, and in addition had a much higher incidence of EEG abnormalities,
      particularly posterior sharp activity. These findings suggest that
      neurophysiological dysfunction may contribute to the borderline syndrome.

PMID- 4066163
TI  - Affect cognizance and the type A behavior pattern: labeling, cognitive effort or
      phenomenological loss?
AB  - Forty-eight subjects were requested to remember three idiosyncratic emotion-laden
      memories (eliciting Anger, Anxiety and Contentment). Objective (change in tonic
      skin conductance) and subjective (rated success at achieving each emotion)
      measures of arousal were taken for each condition as well as subjectively rated
      use of cognitive content (verbal and visuospatial modes). An "Affect Cognizance
      Index" (group-calculated T-score for objective arousal minus group-calculated T
      score for subjective arousal) correlated positively with a measure of Type A
      Behavior during Anxiety and Contentment but not Anger, with or without cognitive
      effort statistically controlled. However, cognitive content may influence affect
      cognizance independent of its relationship with the Type A syndrome. Those
      subjects reporting greater verbal content showed augmented experience of affect
      induced arousal during Anger. Visuospatial content augmented subjective
      experience of affect-induced arousal during Contentment.

PMID- 4066164
TI  - The subsequent pregnancy after stillbirth: anticipatory parenthood in the face of
      uncertainty.
AB  - Interviews were conducted with fifteen couples who had experienced a previous
      neonatal death and a subsequent successful pregnancy. Discussions focused on the
      stresses that were unique to the subsequent pregnancy, and parental adaptation to
      them. Results show that parents experienced markedly increased anxiety that was
      difficult for them to manage. Parental coping involved vigilant exploration of
      possible negative outcomes, and a withdrawal from outward signs of investment in
      the pregnancy. This did not appear to impair adaptation to parenthood, however,
      although anxiety regarding the child's health continued for several months after
      delivery. Implications of these findings for clinicians are discussed.

PMID- 4066166
TI  - The validity of psychiatric diagnosis under conditions of physical trauma: a
      pilot study.
AB  - The validity of psychiatric diagnosis obtained from hospitalized trauma patients
      was investigated to determine whether hospitalization with associated pain,
      discomfort, and medication artificially inflated the estimated prevalence of
      psychiatric diagnoses. Diagnostic Interview Schedule results from eleven
      hospitalized patients were compared with those obtained from the same patients
      after discharge. Diagnoses were found to be consistent for eight of eleven
      patients and eleven of fifteen diagnoses remained unchanged. This study yielded
      no evidence that recent trauma and hospitalization significantly influenced the
      initial psychiatric diagnoses obtained using the DIS.

PMID- 4066165
TI  - Portal-systemic encephalopathy: neuropsychiatric manifestations.
AB  - Portal-systemic encephalopathy, which occurs as a consequence of cirrhosis of the
      liver, is associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Problems
      related to the differential diagnosis and medical management of portal-systemic
      encephalopathy, as compared to other more usual psychiatric disorders, are
      discussed. Also addressed are issues of particular concern to psychiatry, such as
      the use of pharmacotherapeutics and the rehabilitation of alcoholism, which are
      commonly seen in individuals with portal-systemic encephalopathy and liver
      disease, as well as in the general psychiatric patient population.

PMID- 4066167
TI  - Identification and its vicissitudes.
AB  - This paper attempts to understand the vicissitudes of identification within the
      co-ordinates of narcissism and the object relation. Firstly the dialectic pair
      primary identification/secondary identification are studied, and primary
      narcissism is suggested as the hypothesis which best explains them. The complex
      identification processes in the primary scene are considered next and the
      importance of the introjection of the oedipal parents for the formation of the
      superego is underlined. The importance of the structuring function of the
      introjection and projection mechanisms becomes embodied in the concept of
      projective identification, which comes to question the postulate of primary
      narcissism. The theory of projective-introjective identification is an extremely
      powerful instrument for explaining phenomena, however it obliges one to accept
      that the first introjections are radically different from the others. They have
      nothing to do with mourning but rather with primitive mechanisms which question
      the subject/object polarity and, so this author believes, spring basically from
      envy. Lastly, it is maintained that envy and libido are factors of a dialectic
      from which the object relation and the earliest processes of identification,
      previous to the Oedipus complex, proceed at one and the same time.

PMID- 4066168
TI  - Defensive anality and anal narcissism.
AB  - This paper aims at demonstrating a currently beleaguered assumption: the central
      importance, the continuing vitality, and the appropriate complexity of Freud's
      theory of the drives and of his idea of the primacy of the body ego. It is not
      enough to consider man a thinking machine or a social being; his animal nature
      must be given a central place in psychology. The paper postulates that 'anal or
      sphincter defensiveness' is one of the precursors of the repression barrier.
      Anality has been comparatively neglected in recent psychoanalytic literature, and
      so has its explorer, Karl Abraham. The paper's thesis is that there is a special
      defensive importance to anal erogeneity and libido, and to those aspects of ego
      and superego that are functionally operative (as the 'sadistic-anal organization'
      (Freud, 1917)) during the so-called 'sadistic-anal' developmental phase. Any of
      the psychic danger situations can evoke regression to manifestations of 'anal
      narcissim'--an attempt to master overwhelming feeling by a kind of emotional
      sphincter action, narrowing down the world to the controllable and the
      predictable. The basic assumption here is Fliess's idea that the attainment of
      anal sphincter control functions--with, as-it-were, 'psychic resonance'--as a
      means to master primal (murderous, cannibalistic) affect. For optimal psychic
      development, a proper balance must be attained between anal control of, and anal
      expression of, instinctual derivatives--especially of affect laden with
      aggression.

PMID- 4066169
TI  - Primal scene significance of a dream within a dream.

PMID- 4066170
TI  - Three principles of mental functioning in psychoanalytic theory and practice.
AB  - In this essay I have reformulated the relationship of the pleasure principle,
      reality principle, and Nirvana principle. I have linked this conception of the
      three principles of mental functioning to the idea of the paranoid-schizoid
      position. And I have attempted to demonstrate the utility of these various
      notions for illuminating the analyst's sleepiness during analytic sessions.

PMID- 4066171
TI  - An appraisal of self psychology.
AB  - The strength of self psychology lies in its additions to psychoanalytic
      technique; its weakness in the reductionism of its theories. It offers a coherent
      clinical theory for treatment within the 'widening scope' consistent with the
      core technique of psychoanalysis. There are also significant applications to the
      treatment of neuroses. Self psychology is focused in technique on needs, met in
      accordance with Rapaport's concept of 'stimulus nutriment', which are, in their
      essence, outside the sphere of intrapsychic conflict. Archaic needs include
      processes related to psychotic phenomena and, I suggest, to deficits in the
      organization of fantasy. Such deficits lead to excessive dependence on the
      environment so that an interactional theory is required. Self psychology adds an
      interactional point of view through the concept selfobject. This point of view is
      focused on the subjective experience of the patient by the recommendation for
      'prolonged empathic immersion'. Self psychology has an implicit concept of
      limited goals so that an analytic end result may mean a reorganization of the
      self without necessarily leading to object love. The reductionism in self
      psychology obscures its valid contributions to the role of aggression, conflicts
      and parental failures in empathy. Integration of self psychology with
      psychoanalysis requires clarification of the limits of 'prolonged empathic
      immersion' and the place for interpretation of resistance, defense and drive
      conflicts.

PMID- 4066173
TI  - Rehabilitation in geriatric orthopaedics.
AB  - The paper reviews the advantages to be gained from a joint approach to fractured
      neck of femur by departments of orthopaedic surgery and geriatric medicine.

PMID- 4066172
TI  - Hemi-inattention and the recovery patterns of stroke patients.
AB  - A series of stroke patients (n = 31) were assessed at four stages: 4 weeks, 8
      weeks, 12 weeks and 18 months post-trauma. Significant recovery was noted at 8
      weeks, although a trend towards recovery continued throughout the assessment
      phases. Patients presenting with hemi-inattention at the 4-week assessment
      achieved significantly poorer levels of functional ability at the final
      assessment although in some cases the inattention had resolved on
      neuropsychological tests.

PMID- 4066174
TI  - Rehabilitation of conditions associated with old age.
AB  - Rehabilitation of the elderly is largely concerned with the management of
      degenerative disorders and is often complicated by multiple pathology, low
      expectations (by staff rather than the patient) and social inadequacies.
      Rehabilitation offers a potential for the management of falls by environmental
      control and balance training. Other conditions common in the elderly, such as
      Parkinson's disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, lower limb amputation,
      pressure sores, and fracture of the femur, also respond to rehabilitation
      techniques. In addition to these conditions the management of the demented long
      stay patient is discussed.

PMID- 4066175
TI  - Rehabilitation after severe brain injury: a special-unit approach to behaviour
      disorders.

PMID- 4066176
TI  - Toilet facilities in a large Indian teaching hospital.
AB  - While assessing the total medical care provided by any large hospital in a
      community, hardly any stress is laid on the sanitary facilities which the
      hospital provides and which form such an integral part of every hospital patient.
      We studied the toilet facilities of M.L.B. Medical College, Jhansi. They seem to
      be adequate for the ambulant patient but are insufficient for the bedridden and
      for those who have weak legs. The findings are discussed.

PMID- 4066177
TI  - Exercise testing of leg amputees and the result of prosthetic training.
AB  - Thirty-nine patients undergoing rehabilitation following leg amputation were
      examined to determine cardiac status, which included clinical examination and a
      graded exercise ECG test, using an arm ergometer. Results were compared to final
      walking ability. It was found that the cardiac status of these patients was
      generally poor and that the exercise ECG results did co-relate to walking
      ability.

PMID- 4066178
TI  - An evaluation of perceptual retraining.
AB  - A group of head injury and stroke patients with impairment of visual perception
      were randomly allocated to receive either perceptual retraining or conventional
      occupational therapy. No significant differences were found between the groups,
      either before or after 4 weeks of treatment, on measures of visual perception or
      on activities of daily living scale.

PMID- 4066179
TI  - Transcapillary diffusion of Na-fluorescein measured by a 'large window technique'
      in skin areas of the forefoot.
AB  - A method is introduced for the study of transcapillary diffusion of 20% Na
      fluorescein (0.3 ml/l of blood given intravenously) in skin areas by a
      fluorescence video-microscopy system which has been used earlier for measurements
      at the single capillary level or on axes crossing capillary groups. Two groups of
      17 and 14 healthy volunteers respectively were included in a test-retest
      experiment (first measurement at day one, second measurement at day three). The
      appearance of the dye was visualized and the intensity of fluorescent light
      measured by a quadratic video densitometer window at the forefoot in an area of 2
      mm2 containing 78 capillaries on the average. In both groups with and without
      control of the skin temperature, there were no statistically significant
      differences of the mean values measured at the first and second day of study.
      However, the mean intraindividual differences and the coefficients of variance
      were significantly (p less than 0.005) higher in the subjects without temperature
      control. It is concluded that the method is suited to detect transcapillary
      diffusion of Nafluorescein in skin areas by an almost atraumatic procedure with
      acceptable reproducibility. Potentially, it may be used to follow the natural
      history of microvascular diseases and to test the effect of various treatment
      modalities.

PMID- 4066180
TI  - The microvasculature in skeletal muscle. III. Venous network anatomy in
      normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - A quantitative description of the anatomical arrangement of venules in the
      spinotrapezius muscle of mature (12-15 week old) Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) is provided. In both strains, asymmetric,
      dichotomous collecting venule trees route blood from the capillaries to a network
      of interconnected or arcade venules which spans the entire muscle. The arcade
      network is drained of blood through several draining venules which exit the
      muscle. A new branching scheme is proposed for the venular microvascular network.
      Comparison of WKY and SHR values shows that the arcade venules in the WKY are, on
      the average, narrower. Conversely, SHR postcapillary vessels are narrower than
      those in the WKY. Aside from these differences, however, the venular
      microvasculature and network pattern in the two strains is similar.

PMID- 4066182
TI  - Abstracts. The joint scientific meeting of the British Microcirculation Society
      and Gesellschaft fur Mikrozirkulation. London, UK, April 1st and 2nd, 1985.

PMID- 4066181
TI  - The Malpighi lecture. Vascular permeability--the consequence of Malpighi's
      hypothesis.
AB  - The permeability of microvessels to water and small hydrophilic solutes varies
      considerably between different vascular beds and even between individual vessels
      in the same vascular bed. Provided the tissues are undamaged, the filtering
      properties of vessel walls to macromolecules are relatively constant and an
      analysis of the variations in hydraulic conductances and permeabilities to small
      ions between different endothelia suggests that the channels for hydrophilic
      molecules are similar in a wide range of vessels. In undamaged tissues,
      variations in permeability may be accounted for by variations in the frequency of
      channels per unit area of vessel wall. The permeability of vessel walls to water
      and small hydrophilic molecules and their ability to sieve macromolecules are
      consistent with the molecular filter being a lattice of fibrous molecules which
      covers and fills the channels through the endothelium. Direct and indirect
      evidence indicate that globular proteins are part of the molecular filter and it
      is suggested that they bind the fibrous molecules into a more uniform lattice
      (the fibre matrix) which greatly increases its selectivity. The question of how
      the contraction of adjacent endothelial cells might widen the intercellular
      clefts and thus regulate permeability is discussed. Preliminary experiments show
      that the permeability of frog capillaries can be varied by varying concentrations
      of Mg2+ (rather than Ca2+) in the presence of the ionophore A23187 and suggest an
      interesting line of investigation.

PMID- 4066183
TI  - Neurological mechanisms underlying inheritance of alcoholism vulnerability.
AB  - Evidence accrued during the past two decades points to a genetic predisposition
      for alcoholism. The biological expression of the genetic vulnerability, however,
      is unknown. This discussion addresses the neurological manifestation of
      alcoholism vulnerability, including the biochemical, physiological and behavioral
      characteristics which appear to be associated with an increased risk for
      alcoholism.

PMID- 4066184
TI  - Histochemical demonstration of heavy metals in the reptilian archicortex.
AB  - The topographic distribution of heavy metals has been studied in the reptilian
      brain by means of Timm's sulphide silver method. Timm-positive histochemical
      reaction was detected in the archicortex and in the septum. In the first region,
      the staining pattern yielded evidence of cortical layering and the distribution
      of mossy fiber terminals. In the septum, uneven distribution of histochemical
      staining permitted identification of different functional territories. These data
      show that the reptilian archicortex is in many ways homologous to the mammalian
      hippocampus and fascia dentata, and also indicate that it undergoes significant
      remodeling during evolution.

PMID- 4066185
TI  - The significance of the negativities in the brainstem auditory evoked potential
      (BAEP).
AB  - This study was designed to investigate the negativities of the brainstem auditory
      evoked potential (BAEP), especially to determine if they represented a part of a
      composite waveform together with a given positivity. Subjects (10) and patients
      (56) provided the data, mainly in the form of correlation coefficients of latency
      and amplitude values, trace by trace comparisons of multiple responses from the
      same subject and the specific grouping of abnormal waves from the patient
      population. The results show that the strongest relationships of latency and
      amplitude involved completely different pairs of waves, that the negative and
      positive values often changed in opposite directions, and that no pair of waves
      of opposite polarity were typically abnormal together. Thus, the negativities are
      not generally associated with given positivities and likely have their own
      generators.

PMID- 4066186
TI  - Vinblastine blocks stimulation-dependent vesicle redistribution in incubated
      synaptosomes.
AB  - Rat cortical synaptosomes were depolarized by the addition of protoveratrine to
      the incubating medium. The resulting synaptic vesicle aggregation near the
      synaptic cleft was prevented by vinblastine. Electron microscopy of both routine-
      and phosphotungstic acid-treated materials suggests the involvement of
      cytoskeletal structures in stimulation-dependent vesicle redistribution.

PMID- 4066187
TI  - Right hemisphericity of Australian aboriginal children: effects of culture, sex,
      and age on performances of closure and similarities tests.
AB  - Right-handed Aboriginal and White Australian urban children were compared in two
      Greater Sydney areas having substantial Aboriginal subpopulations. The Aboriginal
      children performed better than their White counterparts on a (right-hemisphere
      dependent) Closure or Gestalt Completion test, even though they did not do as
      well on the (left-hemisphere dependent) WISC-R Similarities test. Performance on
      both tests varied directly with age. Similarities performance as a function of
      age increased at a greater rate for White than for Aboriginal children. Partition
      of the Closure items into those containing or not containing one or more parts
      with elaborated part boundaries showed that items with such elaboration improved
      with age more than items without elaboration. The sex difference in Closure
      performance was limited to a male advantage for items without elaborated parts.

PMID- 4066188
TI  - Reaction time to word meaning and ink color of laterally-presented stroop
      stimuli: effects of handedness and sex.
AB  - In two experiments, subjects pressed a key labeled Red or Green in response to a
      100 msec duration stimulus presented to the left or right visual field. In
      Experiment I, subjects responded to the meaning of Stroop words; the stimulus was
      the word Red or Green printed in red, green, or white ink. In Experiment II,
      subjects responded to ink color; the stimulus was either the word Red or Green
      printed in red or green ink or a red or green color patch. In each experiment,
      there were 20 strongly right-handed subjects and 20 strongly left-handed
      subjects. Half the subjects in each handedness group were male and half were
      female. In both experiments, RT was faster when words were presented to the right
      visual field than to the left visual field, suggesting that both meaning and ink
      color of Stroop words were processed more quickly in the left hemisphere. Results
      of both experiments revealed faster reactions when meaning and ink color of the
      Stroop words were congruent than when they were not. A comparison with baseline
      trials indicated that the RT difference between responses to congruent and
      incongruent Stroop words was due to the incongruent cue interfering with
      information processing rather than to the congruent cue facilitating processing.
      Hypothesized interactions between stimulus position, congruence, handedness and
      sex were not significant.

PMID- 4066189
TI  - Short-term memory and averaged evoked cortical potentials.
AB  - Cortical electrical activity reflected by changes in N1 and CNV evoked potentials
      was compared to performance on a battery of neuropsychological measures of
      attention and short-term memory. Results supported the hypothesis that N1
      reflects the accuracy of the short term memory image. Attentional processes
      indexed by CNV also appeared to be involved in establishing the memory trace. The
      two cortical generators appear to interact in some types of short-term memory
      tasks, but not in others.

PMID- 4066190
TI  - Auditory and somatosensory far-field evoked potentials in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The effects of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) on brainstem auditory
      evoked potentials and early components of somatosensory evoked potentials were
      evaluated in 10 young IDDM patients and 10 control subjects. The IDDM group
      showed significantly longer intervals between major components of both types of
      evoked potentials. The results indicated that IDDM patients are at risk for
      central as well as peripheral neuropathy.

PMID- 4066191
TI  - Phenotype of adult familial dyslexia: reading of visually transformed texts and
      nonsense passages.
AB  - Oral reading is less disrupted by mirror-image and upside-down text
      transformations for individuals affected by familial dyslexia than for non
      affected readers. An analysis of errors made during oral reading of nonsense
      passages showed that most readers substituted real words for nonsense words,
      often of similar visual configurations. These findings were discussed in the
      context of what is known about cerebral functioning during reading. One
      interpretation of the present study is that affected readers used a reading
      strategy apparently mediated more by right than left hemisphere mechanisms, than
      did nonaffected readers.

PMID- 4066192
TI  - Lateral differences in the race effect in face recognition.
AB  - In experimental psychology, the difficulty people have in discriminating or
      recognizing faces of people not included in their own ethnic group is called the
      "race effect." A survey of the literature reveals several hypotheses and it is
      suggested that a neuropsychological investigation of the race effect could help
      clarify the situation. In this preliminary study, black (N = 8) and white (N =
      16) right-handed subjects were given the task of recognizing black and white
      faces, laterally displayed in the right or left visual field for 180 msec. The
      race effect was observed for white people for stimuli displayed in the right
      field only. Some hypotheses of experimental psychology are reconsidered in the
      light of these results.

PMID- 4066193
TI  - Learning-induced changes in brain membrane cholesterol and fluidity: implications
      for brain aging.
AB  - Studies were conducted to elucidate effects of learning on properties of brain
      membranes. Sprague-Dawley rats, (3-months-old) fed with normal Purina chow cakes,
      were trained in a T-maze. After reaching proper criteria, the animals were
      sacrificed, their brains dissected into hypothalamus, hippocampus, cortex and
      brainstem. The various brain regions were assayed for cholesterol, phospholipids
      and membrane lipid microviscosity. The salient findings were (a) a marked
      learning-induced decrease in the level of cholesterol in the hippocampal and
      cortical regions and (b) a learning-induced increase in the membrane lipid
      fluidity. We postulate that upon the learning impact, brain membranes undergo
      definite changes in the lipid membrane phase which participate in the
      transduction of the learning process into biochemical templates.

PMID- 4066194
TI  - Probe-evoked potential correlates of hemispheric asymmetries during a speech
      shadowing task.
AB  - Evoked potentials (EPs) to a monaurally presented probe stimulus were recorded
      from the vertex in subjects engaged in shadowing a word list presented
      simultaneously to the contralateral ear. Greater attenuation of the N1-P2 and
      baseline-P2 amplitude of the probe EPs was observed when the probe stimulus was
      presented to the right ear and the verbal material presented to the left ear than
      when the opposite stimulation arrangement was used. The baseline-N1 amplitude,
      however, was equally attenuated during the two stimulation arrangements. The
      implication of these findings for the issue of differential, task-specific
      attenuation of probe EPs are discussed.

PMID- 4066195
TI  - Mathematical approach to integrating the "neuron-module" and the "cell-assembly".
AB  - The structural and functional unit of neuropsychic activity is approached in a
      mathematical way referring to some basic features of both the "neuron-module" and
      the "cell-assembly." The proposed units, called modules, have specific
      synchronous inputs and outputs, more abundant inner than outer connectivity, and
      their states are assumed representing concepts. Neurons in the model possess
      finite, discrete scales of states with inhomogeneous distances. Neighbouring
      relations are asymmetric (like the synapses) and of both intra- and inter-modular
      type. The actual states of neighbouring cells form a collective state. This is an
      emergent phenomenon, formally a complex, not necessarily explicit function of the
      cellular variables. Collective states belonging to the neurons in a module form
      the modular state. Thus, the influence of different cells on the modular state
      depends on their arborization, reflecting that the organization of the module
      holds greater significance than its size. Some of the modular states are assumed
      as "known", others are described by fuzzy sets representing definite and
      ambiguous concepts, respectively. A specified version of the model with
      application to visual pattern recognition is summarized for illustration.

PMID- 4066196
TI  - A modified procedure for rapid labelling of low concentrations of bioactive
      proteins with indium-111.
AB  - We describe the conjugation of DTPA to 100-500 micrograms of protein in
      concentrations of 0.6-1.0 mg/mL utilizing the mixed anhydride method. Free DTPA
      is removed by minicolumn gel filtration and centrifugation with minimal protein
      dilution. Radiolabelling at any selected pH can be achieved easily by diluting
      the protein in the desired buffer. The radiolabelling process can be monitored by
      instant thin layer chromatography. Any radiochemical impurity detected can be
      eliminated either by additional minicolumn filtration or further chelation with
      more conjugated protein. In citrate buffer at pH 6 with minicolumn gel
      chromatography we prepared 111In-DTPA-D3 (3.0 microCi/micrograms) monoclonal
      antibody and used it to image hepatocarcinoma in guinea pigs.

PMID- 4066197
TI  - The development and in-vivo behavior of tin containing radiopharmaceuticals--I.
      Chemistry, preparation, and biodistribution in small animals.
AB  - Tin is an essential ingredient of most technetium-99m radiopharmaceutical
      preparations but its in-vivo distribution and long-term fate are not well
      understood. Tin-117m (t1/2 14d; gamma 159 keV, 86%) is an ideal tracer for
      studying biological behavior of tin compounds as well as for developing
      clinically-useful radiopharmaceuticals. This work describes the preparation and
      in-vivo distribution in mice of a number of tin-117m labeled compounds with
      commonly used ligands. High bone uptake of most compounds studied as well as the
      unexpectedly high bone uptake of Sn4+-DTPA indicates a high bone affinity of tin
      bound to chemically diverse ligands. Various compounds show subtle but
      significant differences in blood clearance, excretion, and soft-tissue uptake.
      Differences among Sn2+ and Sn4+ compounds with the same ligand are particularly
      noteworthy. For stannic chelates, higher bone uptake, faster blood clearance, and
      reduced soft-tissue concentration were observed. It appears that tin compounds
      bind to bone predominantly through the tin atom and that the differences in
      biodistribution depend on factors such as the net charge on the complex, the
      oxidation state of tin, and hydrolytic and kinetic stabilities of the complexes.
      The results indicate that the favorable half-life and decay characteristics of
      tin-117m in various stannic compounds, especially stannic-DTPA, make it
      potentially useful as an agent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone
      tumors.

PMID- 4066198
TI  - A Walker 256 tumor-induced osteogenic small animal model for the evaluation of
      [99mTc] diphosphonate radiopharmaceuticals.
AB  - A mammalian model has been developed for the in vivo evaluation of bone imaging
      agents. The model is based upon the quantification of a discrete, initial
      secondary periosteal osteogenesis induced in cortical bone immediately adjacent
      to an intramuscularly implanted Walker 256 tumor in Fisher 344 rats. Evaluation
      of the model consists of a histopathological examination of the periosteal bone
      formation, biodistribution studies on 99mTc-MDP and 99mTc-HMDP commercial kit
      preparations, and biodistribution studies on two 99mTc-HEDP component fractions
      isolated after anion exchange chromatographic separations from an investigative
      "carrier added" preparation. Reversed phase HPLC separations of the 99mTc-MDP and
      99mTc-HMDP commercial kit preparations illustrate distinct differences in
      chemical composition between the two bone agents.

PMID- 4066199
TI  - Subcellular distribution of [125I]iodoaryl beta-methyl fatty acids.
AB  - Subcellular distribution studies of two aryl branched-chain and one aryl straight
      chain iodinated fatty acids were carried out as part of a continuing effort to
      determine if such acids are metabolized by beta-oxidation. For the omega-iodoaryl
      fatty acids, a change in subcellular radioactivity location was observed which
      was chain-length dependent. Chain lengths of 15 carbons, straight and branched,
      were largely found in the nuclear-membrane fraction, whereas a chain length of 8
      carbons was largely located in the cytosol. No unequivocal evidence for metabolic
      trapping in the mitochondria was observed for omega-iodoaryl branched-chain fatty
      acids using the centrifugation technique employed in this study.

PMID- 4066200
TI  - Persistence of staphylococcal cell-wall components in inflammatory sites may be
      due to the modulation by sulphated polyelectrolytes of autolytic wall enzymes: a
      working hypothesis.
AB  - The interaction of leucocytes with Staphylococcus aureus results in killing of
      the bacterial cells, but large portions of the bacterial cell walls persist
      apparently phagocytic cells for long periods. The mechanisms of biodegradation of
      staphylococci by leucocyte factors have shown that degradation of cell walls in
      vitro may be the result of the activation, by leucocyte kationic proteins, of the
      bacterial autolytic wall enzymes that are responsible for degrading the cell
      walls from within. This process is markedly inhibited by sulphated
      polysaccharides like dextran sulphate, by heparin, or by polyanetholesulfonate
      (liquoid). These anionic polyelectrolytes have also been shown to inhibit the
      lysis of staphylococci treated with bacteriolytic concentrations of penicillin G.
      Staphylococci injected intraarticularly into the knee joint of rats underwent
      massive plasmolysis, but structures compatible with cell walls (peptidoglycan)
      persisted within macrophages in the inflammatory sites, for long periods. It is
      postulated that the inability of leucocytes to degrade staphylococcal cell-wall
      components may be the result of the interference, by anionic polyelectrolytes
      likely to accumulate in the inflammatory sites, with the activation of the
      autolytic systems. Alternatively, anionic polyelectrolytes may coat the bacterial
      cells and interfere with the binding of the autolytic enzymes with their
      corresponding substrates.

PMID- 4066201
TI  - An experimental model of arteritis: periarteritis induced by Erysipelothrix
      rhusiopathiae in young rats.
AB  - The acute phase of the arteritis of the common iliac artery induced in young rats
      by the inoculation of viable Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was examined. Arteritis
      of the common iliac artery was observed within 4 days after inoculation in every
      rat that was inoculated with the live bacteria. Within 2 days after the
      inoculation, infiltration by mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells was first
      detected in the periarterial tissue extending centripetally to the outer two
      thirds of the media. Invasion by the bacteria always preceded cell infiltration.
      Immunofluorescence test by FITC-labeled peanut lectin demonstrated the desialated
      sites by the effect of neuraminidase produced by the bacteria in the arterial
      wall concomitantly with the invasion of the bacteria. Linear presentation of C3
      along the external elastic lamina of that artery was also detected. The results
      showed that viable E. rhusiopathiae could induce arteritis of muscular arteries
      and that the neuraminidase produced by the bacteria might play a role in the
      progress of arterial inflammation. We consider that this model will contribute to
      clarifying the progression of the arteritis process, and to assessing the
      efficacy of antiinflammatory drugs to inhibit the arterial inflammation.

PMID- 4066202
TI  - A new test method for the standardized evaluation of changes in the
      ultrastructure of chondrocytes.
AB  - By means of a new ultrastructural test system, which is based on standardized
      morphometry and statistical evaluation, we are able for the first time to
      quantify changes in the cell metabolism of chondrocytes in the articular
      cartilage. To compare anti-inflammatory substances of different structure,
      different absorption characteristics and pharmacokinetics as regards their effect
      on rat cartilage, we used an equieffective dosage of the different anti
      inflammatory drugs. Dexamethasone as steroidal and indomethacin and
      phenylbutazone as classical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were
      administered in an ED50 dosage referred to provoked arthritis over 12 weeks,
      using the same mode of administration. The standardized results of untreated rats
      weighing 300 and 450 g were used as the controls. Dexamethasone brings about
      massive degenerative changes in the ultrastructure of the vital chondrocyte.
      Under indomethacin and phenylbutazone the metabolic activity of the chondrocyte
      is inhibited to a much lesser extent. The damage to the chondrocyte after
      treatment with dexamethasone, indomethacin and phenylbutazone cannot be regarded
      as minimal but in some cases is tolerable as regards the benefit/risk ratio in
      the treatment of rheumatoid diseases.

PMID- 4066203
TI  - Mechanisms of blood clotting activation in inflammation: the role of mononuclear
      phagocytes.
AB  - The authors review the procoagulant role of mononuclear phagocytes in the
      activation of blood clotting. Although the intrinsic pathway via the contact
      system has been considered the most important mechanism leading to fibrin
      formation, at least in acute inflammation, recent studies strongly suggest a role
      for the cells of the monocyte-macrophage series, which accumulate in the inflamed
      areas. These cells, when triggered in vitro by various stimuli (endotoxin,
      antigens, immune complexes, complement proteolytic products C5a and C3b,
      allogeneic leucocytes, lymphokines and others), respond with the production of
      selected procoagulant activities, thereby initiating the coagulation pathways.
      The most commonly described procoagulant activity has been identified as tissue
      factor, although prothrombinases and factor X activators have been reported. In
      addition mononuclear phagocytes can also produce and/or assemble on their surface
      coagulation factors including f. II, VII/VIIa, IX, X/Xa and V. Available evidence
      indicates that monocytes/macrophages can respond to appropriate signals and
      acquire the capacity to activate blood coagulation in vivo also. These
      "activated" cells expressing procoagulant activity appear to be directly
      responsible for the local fibrin deposition observed at sites of endotoxin
      induced inflammation, of tumours, of cell-mediated immune reactions and possibly
      of other inflammatory processes.

PMID- 4066204
TI  - Implication of lipid peroxides in gastric ulcer formation in indomethacin-treated
      rats.
AB  - With the carrageenin food oedema assay, we studied in rats the effects of
      indomethacin on inflammation, gastric ulcers and lipid peroxide levels. Our
      results show a positive correlation between ulceration and plasma lipid
      peroxides. We suggest that the ulceration could be due to inhibition of
      prostacyclin synthetase by lipid peroxides.

PMID- 4066205
TI  - Disaggregation studies of xenograft solid tumors grown from pure or admixed
      clonal subpopulations from a heterogeneous human colon adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Two clonal tumor subpopulations (designated as A and D) obtained originally from
      a heterogeneous human colon adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) were used to produce xenograft
      solid tumors in nude mice. First, disaggregation studies were performed to
      determine the optimal choice of enzyme and time of dissociation for the pure A
      and D neoplasms, using cell yield (cells/mg/min) and colony forming efficiency
      (CFE) assays. The enzymes investigated were: 0.5 or 0.2% trypsin, and two
      cocktails containing pronase (0.5 or 0.05%), collagenase (0.02%), and DNAse I
      (0.02%). For the 0.5% trypsin treatments, the cell yield from A and D tumor
      fragments increased until about 30 min, at which time a plateau in cell yield was
      reached. A plateau in CFE was also reached at this time. In contrast, the cell
      yields for the 0.2% trypsin treatment did not reach a plateau within the time of
      the dissociation (120 min), and the CFEs were lower than with the 0.5% trypsin.
      Whereas no differences in cell yield or CFE were found between the enzyme
      cocktail studies (0.5% trypsin vs. 0.05% pronase), the cell yield and the CFE
      from the clone D carcinomas were significantly less than that found with the 0.5%
      trypsin (the cell yield and CFE from clone A tumors were identical for 0.5%
      trypsin or enzyme cocktail). These data indicate that, while these clonal
      neoplasms have somewhat different responses to enzyme disaggregation, it is
      possible to select an enzyme treatment and treatment time that is appropriate for
      use on both A and D tumors (i.e., 0.5% trypsin). After determination of an
      acceptable enzyme procedure, 'reconstructed' heterogeneous tumors produced from
      an initial injection bolus of 50% clone A and 50% clone D cells were
      disaggregated as a function of time (days 12-83 postinjection). Over this period,
      we found that the cell yield decreased exponentially, with a half-time (T1/2) of
      20.5 +/- 7.3 days (95% confidence limits), with a maximum extrapolated cell yield
      at time zero of about 1.2 X 10(5) cells/mg. The CFE was essentially constant over
      the duration of the assay period. Moreover, it was found that the percentage of
      clone A cells appeared to decrease exponentially (T1/2 = 20.5 +/- 11.5 days, 95%
      confidence limits) until about 40 days postinjection. After this time an
      equilibrium mixture consisting of about 10% clone A cells and 90% clone D cells
      was reached.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4066206
TI  - Plasminogen activator activity in bone metastases of prostatic carcinomas as
      compared to primary tumors.
AB  - The plasminogen activator content of extracts of 14 prostatic carcinomas and the
      respective bone metastases was determined and found to be at an average 1.5 times
      higher in the extracts from bone metastases than in the primary tumors.
      Furthermore, the relative contribution of the two known types of plasminogen
      activators, urokinase-type (u-PA) and tissue-type (t-PA), was evaluated using
      specific antibodies. About 70% of the plasminogen activator activity in the
      primary tumors was inhibited by anti-urokinase IgG, whereas the same antibody
      nearly completely inhibited the plasminogen activator activity in extracts from
      bone metastases. Using antibodies against t-PA about 30% of the plasminogen
      activator activity could be quenched in extracts of primary tumors but less than
      10% in extracts of bone metastases. Further studies revealed that the increased
      amount of u-PA in extracts of bone metastases is not caused by different
      extractability but is also reflected by a relative increase in the amount of u-PA
      demonstrable by immune histochemical techniques using anti-urokinase IgG. Upon
      purification, the predominant plasminogen activator from extracts of bone
      metastases could also be identified physicochemically as urokinase.

PMID- 4066207
TI  - Clonal analysis of diversity in the BSp73 rat tumor.
AB  - By implantation of BSp73 ascites cells in a subcutaneous site and subsequent
      subcutaneous passage of either the local tumor node or metastatic lung tissue,
      variants were obtained which differed with respect to morphology and to
      metastatic capacity. The highly metastasizing variant ASML showed spherical
      morphology in culture, while the nonmetastatic variant AS showed adhesion and
      spreading. Upon cloning it was observed that colonies with fully expressed
      morphotypes were readily obtained from solid tissue of both variants. Parental
      ascites as well as the tumor line derived from the primary solid tumor gave rise
      to stable expression of either morphotype only after prolonged culturing. Mixing
      of established clones did not result in an interclonal adaptation of growth rates
      in vivo. Further characterization of variants AS and ASML revealed marked
      differences in the outer cell surface. Adhesion of AS cells onto plastic was
      found to be mediated by fibronectin, laminin and 4 out of 5 collagen types. ASML
      cells showed adhesion only with collagen type III at higher concentrations.
      Cytogenetic analysis revealed that the adaptation of BSp73 cells to ascitic
      growth ultimately led to an increase in chromosome numbers, and this was
      conserved in ASML cells (modal number 63, range 49-74). AS cells on the other
      hand showed a modal number of 47 (range 45-49). The chromosome count distribution
      was rather narrow in ascites cells in vivo, but it was very broad in clones
      derived thereof, indicating that diversity was obtained in culture rather than in
      vivo. The data are compatible with the assumption that the nonmetastatic variant
      was not preexisting in BSp73 ascites but represents a stable phenotype which
      infrequently arises in a particular microenvironment by chromosome loss from a
      hyperdiploid parental population.

PMID- 4066208
TI  - The development of visual acuity in infant astigmats.
AB  - Acuity for vertical, horizontal, and oblique gratings was measured in 77 infant
      astigmats using a preferential looking procedure. Measurements were made with the
      refractive error uncorrected. Most of the infant astigmats were slightly to
      moderately hyperopic with respect to the test distance of 50 cm. Their acuity was
      not significantly different from that of a group of non-astigmatic infants.
      Average acuity for vertical and horizontal gratings increased from 6/200 at 1
      month of age to 6/24 at 1 yr. Average acuity for oblique gratings increased more
      slowly, so that by 1 yr of age it was only 6/33. The only infants to show
      reductions in acuity were those with a strong myopic focus and one infant with a
      very strong hyperopic focus. When this infant was tested with optical correction,
      acuity improved to normal levels. This suggests that meridional amblyopia
      develops sometime after the first year of life or that it is confined to high
      spatial frequencies.

PMID- 4066209
TI  - Fusional responses of strabismics to foveal and extrafoveal stimulation.
AB  - Horizontal fusional responses of 11 strabismics, with normal or anomalous retinal
      correspondence, were studied. These included four small-angle esotropes with
      amblyopia, one intermittent esotrope (overcorrected intermittent exotrope), two
      intermittent exotropes (preoperative esotropes), one accommodative esotrope, and
      three microtropes with amblyopia. Fusional stimuli (with a constant accommodative
      demand) ranging from very small, central stimuli to those that cover the central,
      the peripheral, and both the central and the peripheral visual fields were used.
      All 11 strabismics produced fusional vergence responses. Many of the fusional
      responses included large nonmotor components. Small central stimuli were not
      effective in producing fusional vergence, whereas stimuli that covered the visual
      periphery produced fusional responses that were similar to those by subjects with
      normal stereoscopic vision.

PMID- 4066210
TI  - Effect of intraocular pressure on uveoscleral outflow following cyclodialysis in
      the monkey eye.
AB  - Cyclodialysis was performed in both eyes of five cynomolgus monkeys. Two days
      later the intraocular pressure (IOP) had fallen from 17.7 +/- 0.8 to 7.1 +/- 1.4
      mm Hg (P less than 0.001). At that time, both eyes were perfused for 30 min with
      fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC) dextran (MW 70,000), one at 35 mm Hg and the
      other at 4 mm Hg. Four pairs of control eyes (without cyclodialysis) were
      perfused in the same manner. At 4 mm Hg, uveoscleral outflow was 0.02 +/- 0.02
      microliter/min in control eyes and 0.05 +/- 0.04 microliter/min in eyes following
      cyclodialysis. However, at 35 mm Hg, uveoscleral outflow in eyes with
      cyclodialysis increased to 2.13 +/- 0.47 microliters/min compared to 0.32 +/-
      0.10 microliter/min in control eyes. Thus the "facility" of uveoscleral outflow
      in control eyes is 0.01 microliter/min/mm Hg and in eyes following cyclodialysis
      is 0.07 microliter/min/mm Hg. It is concluded that cyclodialysis results in a
      pressure-dependent increase in uveoscleral outflow.

PMID- 4066211
TI  - Retinal potentials in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma: physiological
      evidence for temporal frequency tuning deficits.
AB  - The pattern-reversal retinal potential is a bio-electrical signal which can be
      recorded from the cornea of the human eye when a phase-alternating (contrast
      reversing) pattern is viewed. The PRRP is correlated with activity of the retinal
      ganglion cells and visual diseases which affect the proximal retinal layers (such
      as optic atrophy and optic neuritis) and cause significant alterations in the
      waveform of the human PRRP. This study examined the PRRP in 32 patients with
      primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 32 age-matched visual normals (AMVNs).
      Counterphasing (2, 4, 8 and 16 reversals/sec) checkerboard patterns (15', 30',
      60', and 120' checks) were used as visual stimuli. PRRP amplitude was
      significantly reduced in patients with POAG. When temporal frequency was held
      constant, the magnitude of the observed PRRP amplitude reductions was identical
      for all check sizes. However, the magnitude of the observed amplitude reductions
      increased as temporal frequency increased. Therefore, in patients with POAG, the
      shape of the PRRP spatial tuning function was normal (although uniformly reduced
      for all check sizes), while the temporal tuning function was attenuated for high
      frequencies. Statistically significant increases in PRRP latency were also
      observed in the POAG patients, but these increases were quite small (mean = 3.6
      ms).

PMID- 4066212
TI  - Computer analysis of the optic cup in glaucoma.
AB  - This paper describes two complementary methods for computer analysis of the optic
      disc in glaucoma. The objective of both techniques is to detect and monitor
      changes in the optic disc through the use of digital image processing techniques
      that allow user intervention. In the first method, optic disc photographs from
      successive years are digitized, scaled and registered (aligned) with each other,
      and are then displayed in rapid sequence on a television monitor. Changes in the
      optic cup thus appear as localized movement on the display, while stable regions
      of the optic cup appear stationary. Both monocular and stereo photographs can be
      processed by this technique. In the second method, stereo optic disc photographs
      are digitized and processed by a new, robust, photogrammetric computer algorithm
      that quantifies optic cup depth information. Together, these two techniques may
      be valuable for both clinical and research purposes in the detection and
      monitoring of glaucomatous optic cupping.

PMID- 4066213
TI  - Time-resolved studies of Nd:YAG laser-induced breakdown. Plasma formation,
      acoustic wave generation, and cavitation.
AB  - The use of high intensity ultrashort pulsed laser radiation to produce optical
      breakdown is an important approach for the surgical treatment of intraocular
      structures. We have investigated the transient properties of Nd:YAG laser induced
      breakdown in a saline model using time-resolved spectroscopic techniques.
      Spatially resolved pump and probe techniques are applied to study the dynamic
      behavior of the plasma formation, acoustic wave generation, and cavitation
      processes which accompany the optical breakdown. Measurements of plasma shielding
      and luminescence indicate that the laser induced plasma forms on a subnanosecond
      time scale and has a lifetime of several nanoseconds. An acoustic transient is
      generated at the breakdown site and propagates spherically outward with an
      initial hypersonic velocity, then loses energy and propagates at sound velocity.
      Transient heating following the plasma formation produces a liquid-gas phase
      change and gives rise to cavitation or gas bubble formation. This gas bubble
      expands rapidly for several microseconds, then slows to reach its maximum size
      and finally collapses.

PMID- 4066214
TI  - Superoxide dismutase in ocular structures.
AB  - Specific immunohistochemical localization of superoxide dismutase in ocular
      tissue of Lewis rats revealed the presence of this enzyme predominantly in the
      corneal epithelium, endothelium, apical regions of the posterior epithelium of
      the iris, nonpigmented inner ciliary epithelium, lens epithelium, inner segments
      of photoreceptor cell layer of the retina, and retinal pigment epithelium. This
      enzyme is distributed primarily in those ocular structures which may be
      frequently exposed to superoxide or its metabolites under physiologic conditions
      and in such pathologic processes as intraocular inflammations. It thus appears
      that superoxide dismutase and other antioxidants may play a protective role in
      preventing the damaging effects of oxygen radicals.

PMID- 4066215
TI  - Effect of oxygen on aqueous humor dynamics in rabbits.
AB  - A study was made in albino rabbits of the effect on aqueous humor dynamics of
      100% oxygen, administered by face mask. A mean decrease in intraocular pressure
      of 4.9 mm Hg was found. This was accompanied by a decrease in episcleral venous
      pressure of 4.5 mm Hg. Anterior chamber aqueous humor flow decreased transiently
      after oxygen administration but returned to pre-oxygen levels after about 60 min.
      It was concluded that the sustained decrease in intraocular pressure which was
      caused by oxygen was secondary to the decrease in episcleral venous pressure and
      not to a decrease in the production of aqueous humor.

PMID- 4066216
TI  - The effect of dexamethasone on the synthesis of collagen in normal human
      trabecular meshwork explants.
AB  - This study demonstrates that the trabecular meshwork cells of the human eye
      incorporate 3H-Proline into collagen during in vitro incubation. Addition of
      dexamethasone to the incubation mixture produced a marked decrease in this
      incorporation. Dexamethasone was active at 10(-8) M and higher concentrations.
      The specificity of the hormone effect was demonstrated by its inability to alter
      3H-leucine incorporation in these cells. These results indicate that
      dexamethasone decreases the synthesis of collagen, a major component of the
      extracellular matrix, in the trabecular meshwork.

PMID- 4066217
TI  - Comparison of direct and microslide pathology measurements of uveal melanomas.
AB  - Many investigators have shown that large cilio-choroidal melanomas are more
      likely to be associated with an unfavorable outcome than small tumors by using
      data retrieved and measured from pathology files. In the past, the measurement of
      largest tumor dimension (LTD) may not have been recorded at the time of the gross
      examination, because the significance of this observation was not appreciated. If
      this information is not available, authors can eliminate cases from their
      studies, take all their measurements directly from glass microslides, or combine
      clinical estimates of tumor size for some cases with gross measurements for
      others. To date, there has been no formal study to compare the measurement of
      tumor dimensions from glass microslides with measurements made at the time of
      gross examination by the pathologist. This study of 112 cilio-choroidal melanomas
      reveals that measurements of the LTD made from the glass microslide correlate
      with direct measurements taken from the cut surface of the globe at the time of
      sectioning. Additionally, measurements of the LTD from the glass microslide are
      at least as effective in predicting patient outcome as direct measurements. These
      findings suggest that measurements of the LTD from the glass microslide provide
      as much prognostic information as direct measurements if it is known that the eye
      was cut to obtain representative sections of the tumor.

PMID- 4066218
TI  - Dezaguanine mesylate: a new antipurine antimetabolite.
AB  - 3-Deazaguanine (dezaguanine, USAN; CI-908) is a new antipurine antimetabolite
      which is entering Phase I studies in the USA. This compound differs from guanine
      only in the substitution of a carbon for the 3-nitrogen of guanine. Dezaguanine
      has an unusual spectrum of activity against experimental rodent tumors; its
      activity against transplantable rodent leukemias is only modest, but it has
      significant activity against transplantable rodent solid tumors, particularly
      mammary adenocarcinomas. Mammary adenocarcinoma models against which this
      compound is active include slow and fast-growing tumors, hormone sensitive and
      hormone insensitive tumors, and the subrenal capsule implanted human breast
      cancer xenograft, MX-1. Dezaguanine must be converted to its nucleotides to be
      active. Dezaguanine nucleotides inhibit synthesis of guanine nucleotides, and can
      be incorporated into nucleic acids in place of guanine nucleotides; incorporation
      into DNA may be particularly important in the cytotoxicity of this compound.
      Addition of certain purines or purine nucleosides can prevent dezaguanine
      cytotoxicity in vitro. Preclinical studies suggest that dezaguanine does not
      undergo deamination to 3-deazaxanthine, and is not metabolized by xanthine
      oxidase. Therefore, this compound may not be subject to metabolic inactivation in
      vivo, and active metabolites may have a prolonged half-life. This concept is
      supported by the prolonged half-life of radiolabelled dezaguanine in rats.
      Finally, dezaguanine can cross the blood-brain barrier. In summary, the novel
      biochemical and experimental antitumor properties of dezaguanine indicate that
      this compound could have better activity against some human solid tumors than
      currently used purine antimetabolites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4066219
TI  - Mitotic arrest and interphase inhibition induced by the pyrimidine sulfoxide NY
      4138.
AB  - Phase-specific cell-cycle inhibitory effects of the sulfoxide 5-bromo-2-(2
      thienylmethyl)sulfinyl-pyrimidine (NY 4138) was studied on synchronized human
      NHIK 3025 cells cultivated in vitro. When added to exponentially growing cells,
      NY 4138 induced an accumulation of metaphases. The metaphase arrest was, however,
      not efficient immediately after addition of the compound. While a few telophases
      were still present 3 h after addition of 0.1 mM, no telophases were seen 6 h
      after addition. Most cells exposed to metaphase arrest by NY 4138 lost their
      ability to form colonies. We therefore characterize the metaphase arrest induced
      by this drug as irreversible. For concentrations above 0.5 mM phase specific cell
      cycle inhibition was also observed during interphase. Cells treated in G1 only
      were not delayed in G1 but were delayed in S and in G2. Cells treated in S only
      were also delayed in S, but to a smaller extent than the cells treated in G1
      only. Cells treated with 0.1 mM NY 4138 for a period of 4 h in either G1 or in S
      showed no significant prolongation of the subsequent mitosis (i.e. the drug was
      in this case not present during mitosis). However, about 20% of the cells in this
      case divided to form 3 daughter cells of which 1 had a normal G1 DNA-content, 1
      had 1/3 and 1 had 2/3 of a normal G1 DNA-content.

PMID- 4066220
TI  - Distribution, elimination, metabolism and bioavailability of
      hexamethylenebisacetamide in rats.
AB  - Hexamethylenebisacetamide (HMBA), an in vitro differentiating agent, was studied
      for its pharmacodynamic actions in animals. Plasma stability, organ distribution,
      excretion, oral bioavailability, and estimates of pharmacokinetic parameters and
      acute lethality were determined in rats. The single dose intraperitoneal LD50 was
      greater than 3000 mg/kg in both mice and rats. The drug was stable in plasma from
      several different species during an 8 h in vitro incubation at 37 degrees C.
      Following a single intravenous (iv) bolus injection (1000 mg/kg) to rats, HMBA
      was removed from the plasma with a half time of 2.2 +/- 0.5 h, and 65 +/- 8% of
      the dose was excreted unchanged in the urine during the first 24 h after dosing.
      During an 8 h iv infusion, plasma concentrations of 4 mM were easily maintained
      with no apparent adverse effects. Drug was uniformly distributed, with highest
      concentrations found in thymus, kidney, liver, and lymph node throughout the
      first 24 h after a single iv bolus dose. In vivo metabolism was very small, and
      the presence of apparent metabolites was undetectable until 48 h after iv
      administration. Oral bioavailability was good (32%), with peak plasma
      concentrations of 2 mM achieved one hour after oral administration. After oral
      dosing urinary excretion and plasma decay were comparable to similar data
      obtained after iv dosing.

PMID- 4066221
TI  - Homoharringtonine: a phase I evaluation.
AB  - Homoharringtonine is one of several Cephalotaxine esters which have shown
      experimental antineoplastic activity as well as anti-leukemia effects in patients
      in China. In a Phase I trial of homoharringtonine administered daily X 5 by bolus
      intravenous injection, the dose limiting toxicity was hypotension and the maximum
      tolerated dose was 3.5 mg/m2/d X 5. Evidence of drug induced cardiac irritability
      with resulting ventricular and atrial dysrhythmias was seen. Minimal
      myelosuppression was seen at this dose. Treatment of patients by 5 day continuous
      intravenous (rather than bolus) infusion resulted in more pronounced
      myelosuppression and clinically significant but tolerable hypotension.
      Significant reduction of white blood cell and platelet counts occurred at a dose
      of 3.5 mg/m2/day. Further investigations of the hypotensive and cardiac effects
      of homoharringtonine and Phase II trials using continuous infusion are indicated.

PMID- 4066222
TI  - Phase-I study of mafosfamide-cyclohexylamine (ASTA-Z-7557, NSC 345 842) and
      limited phase-I data on mafosfamide-lysine.
AB  - Mafosfamide-cyclohexylamine is a new oxazaphosphorine derivative. It was chosen
      for phase-I clinical testing because of an expected higher therapeutic index and
      lack of complete cross resistance in animal tumors compared to cyclophosphamide.
      The schedule consisted of a single iv dose repeated every three weeks. The
      compound was found to cause as it's dose limiting toxicity severe pain along the
      injected vein and acute irritation of mucous membranes. The maximal tolerated
      dose was around 1000 mg/m2 given as a slow infusion over 2-3 hours. Hematological
      toxicity was mild. A limited phase-I study with the lysine salt of mafosfamide
      showed an identical type of toxicity. Mafosfamide given iv in a high-dose
      intermittent schedule is of little interest for further clinical trials. It is
      probable, that the severe venous pain and the mucosal irritation are caused by
      the high local concentration of 4-hydroxy-cyclophosphamide or by a metabolite. An
      oxazaphosphorine derivative undergoing slower hydrolysis therefore leading to
      lower active drug concentrations within the injected vein may be more promising.

PMID- 4066223
TI  - Phase II trial of PCNU in advanced malignant melanoma: an Eastern Cooperative
      Oncology Group pilot study.
AB  - PCNU, a chloroethylnitrosourea with high alkylating activity, low carbamoylating
      activity, optimal octanol: water partition coefficient and broad activity in
      animal systems, was administered to 32 evaluable patients with measurable
      metastatic melanoma by brief intravenous infusions every six weeks. The initial
      dose was 75 or 100 mg/m2, with escalation or reduction for toxicity, and a total
      of 58 evaluable courses were given. Half of the patient population had received
      no prior chemotherapy. One objective complete response (duration 585 days) and
      four objective partial responses (durations 55, 169, 405 and 102 days) occurred,
      the last recorded in a patient previously treated with DTIC. These responses
      included visceral, nodal and subcutaneous disease. The response rate was 16% with
      a 95% confidence interval of 5.5 to 33.7%. Thrombocytopenia was dose-limiting and
      leukopenia was relatively mild. Gastrointestinal toxicity was less severe than
      expected for a nitrosourea. PCNU has comparable clinical activity to that of
      other nitrosoureas in patients with advanced melanoma.

PMID- 4066225
TI  - A phase II study of spirogermanium as second line therapy in patients with poor
      prognosis lymphoma. An NCI Canada Clinical Trials Group Study.
AB  - The National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group conducted a phase
      II study of spirogermanium given daily for 5 days every 3 weeks to patients with
      poor prognosis non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. All patients had had a maximum of one
      prior treatment regimen. No responses were seen in 13 evaluable patients.
      Toxicity was primarily neurologic and mild or moderate in most patients. There is
      no evidence of activity of spirogermanium given in this schedule in this subset
      of lymphoma patients.

PMID- 4066224
TI  - A phase II study of spirogermanium in patients with metastatic malignant
      melanoma. An NCI Canada Clinical Trials Group Study.
AB  - The National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group conducted a phase
      II study of spirogermanium given daily for 5 days every 3 weeks to previously
      untreated patients with malignant melanoma. In 21 evaluable patients one complete
      response was seen (response rate 5%). Disease progression occurred in the other
      20 patients. Toxicity was primarily neurologic and mild or moderate in most
      patients, though there was one treatment related death. In this schedule
      spirogermanium has extremely limited activity against malignant melanoma and will
      not contribute significantly to the systemic therapy of this disease.

PMID- 4066226
TI  - Phase II study of mitoxantrone in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head
      and neck. A Southeastern Cancer Study Group trial.
AB  - A phase II study of mitoxantrone in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck
      origin was conducted. Fifty-three evaluable patients were treated with this agent
      at a dosage of 5 mg/M2/week. The majority of patients were of high performance
      status. Twenty-seven patients had received previous chemotherapy plus surgery
      and/or radiotherapy. Twenty-six had not been treated with chemotherapy previously
      although thirteen of these patients had prior radiotherapy and surgery, eight
      radiotherapy only, one surgery only, and four no previous treatment. There was
      only one objective response. Toxicity was relatively mild, although 45% of the
      patients at some time experienced at least moderate leukopenia. Further studies
      of this agent in this disease are not warranted.

PMID- 4066227
TI  - Acute encephalopathy associated with continuous vincristine sulfate combination
      therapy: case report.
AB  - Neurotoxicity is a well-recognized and commonly observed side effect associated
      with the use of vincristine sulfate in cancer chemotherapy. The clinical
      manifestations of vincristine neuropathy cover a wide spectrum of peripheral
      neurologic dysfunctions that have been described to be reversible and cumulative
      in most instances (1, 2). Paresthesias, loss of tendon reflexes, and progressive
      weakness are the most common clinical features (3, 4). Sensory impairment,
      cranial nerve palsies, gastrointestinal disturbances, and autonomic dysfunctions
      including atonic bladder, impotence, and orthostatic hypotension may occur (5).
      Acute CNS complications, usually presenting as generalized seizures, are
      extremely rare and only a few cases have been reported which were without
      underlying biochemical or structural abnormalities (1, 5-9). We describe the case
      of a woman with multiple myeloma, who developed fulminant encephalopathy
      following 4 days of continuous vincristine, adriamycin, and day 1-4 pulse
      dexamethasone (VAD) combination therapy.

PMID- 4066228
TI  - The use of programmed electrical stimulation to assess the fibrillatory
      propensity of ionic and nonionic contrast media.
AB  - Coronary angiography occasionally results in ventricular fibrillation. To compare
      the fibrillatory propensity of conventional ionic and nonionic contrast media, we
      measured QT intervals and performed programmed electrical stimulation during
      intracoronary injection of Renografin 76 (R76), Hypaque 76 (H76), and iopamidol
      (IOP) in 16 open chest dogs. In ten dogs the incidence of ventricular
      fibrillation following induction of a single premature ventricular beat after
      every fourth atrial paced beat was 19/20 with R76, 8/20 with H76, and 0/20 with
      IOP (P less than .001). When two premature beats were induced, the incidence of
      ventricular fibrillation was 20/20 with R76, 19/20 with H76, and 1/20 with IOP (P
      less than .001). In six additional dogs, the mean prolongation of the QT interval
      was 170 +/- 20 msec with R76, 105 +/- 14 msec with H76, and 63 +/- 9 msec with
      IOP (P less than .001). Thus, programmed electrical stimulation readily induces
      ventricular fibrillation during intracoronary injection of conventional ionic
      contrast media. The incidence of ventricular fibrillation parallels the amount of
      QT interval prolongation produced. H76, which lacks EDTA and sodium citrate, is
      less fibrillatory than R76. However, the nonionic medium IOP appears far less
      fibrillatory than either R76 or H76.

PMID- 4066229
TI  - Quantitation of lung water by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. A preliminary
      study.
AB  - Pulmonary edema was produced in four anesthetized dogs by saline lavage. The
      animals were maintained by assisted ventilation with O2/halothane and examined by
      a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 0.15T resistive-magnet imager. The
      distribution of edematous fluid was clearly observed. Image contrast increased
      with prolongation of the cycle time (TR). Tomographic maps of spin-lattice
      relaxation times (T1) of the lungs were calculated from the NMR images.
      Comparison of T1 values with gravimetric measurements of water content of lung
      samples showed significant correlation (r = .7, P less than .02, n = 12)
      suggesting a potential for in vivo lung water quantitation by NMR imaging. This
      in vivo correlation is qualitatively similar to the in vitro correlation.
      Accurate in vivo determinations of pulmonary T2 values may require respiratory
      gating.

PMID- 4066230
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of acute myocardial infarction using a nitroxyl spin
      label (PCA).
AB  - The effects of an intravenously administered nitroxyl spin label (PCA) on the
      magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance and relaxation times of acute canine
      myocardial infarctions were studied. Twenty-four hours after ligation of the left
      anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), animals were either sacrificed
      immediately (three dogs) or injected with 3.0 mmol/kg of PCA prior to sacrifice
      (six dogs). The PCA group dogs were sacrificed at either 5 minutes postinjection
      (three dogs) or 15 minutes postinjection (three dogs). Magnetic resonance imaging
      (0.35 T) using spin-echo techniques demonstrated high signal intensity in the
      infarct relative to normal myocardium in all three groups. In the control group,
      the T1 and T2 relaxation times were longer in infarcted compared with normal
      myocardium, but only the measure in T2 reached statistical significance (P less
      than .05). PCA produced infarct-avid T1 shortening in the six dogs that received
      it. Contrast in the group sacrificed at 15 minutes postcontrast administration
      was greater than that in the control group due to T1 shortening in the infarct.
      Thus, PCA produces differential effects on normal and infarcted myocardium.
      Between 5 and 15 minutes after IV administration, it causes greater changes in
      the infarct due to prolonged retention in this region.

PMID- 4066231
TI  - Computed tomographic evaluation of non-metallic middle-ear prostheses.
AB  - Non-metallic middle-ear prostheses, including a plastipore total ossicular
      replacement prosthesis (TORP) and partial ossicular replacement prosthesis
      (PORP), a Teflon loop stapes piston, and a Ceravital PORP were used to
      reconstruct the ossicular chain in formalin fixed cadaver temporal bones. The
      temporal bones were examined using high resolution, thin-section computed
      tomographic techniques identical to those used for patient studies. The detail
      and resolution of the images were comparable with those obtained on standard
      patient exams. The temporal bones were evaluated to determine the appearance of
      the prostheses in normal and abnormal positions within the middle ear. The
      radiologist examined the images without fore-knowledge of the position of the
      prostheses and was able to accurately identify both normal and abnormal
      positions. With the proper technique an accurate evaluation of non-metallic
      middle-ear prostheses is possible by high-resolution computed tomography.

PMID- 4066232
TI  - Comparison of diatrizoate, iopamidol, and ioxaglate for the contrast enhancement
      of experimental hepatic tumors in CT.
AB  - The accumulation of diatrizoate and two new low osmolality contrast agents,
      iopamidol and ioxaglate, was investigated in three experimental tumors (a well
      differentiated mammary adenocarcinoma, a poorly differentiated colon carcinoma,
      and a hepatoma) in the rat. All three tumors were implanted into the liver 12 to
      14 days prior to intravenous injection of the contrast agents in a dose of 300 mg
      iodine per kg. Iodine concentrations were determined in blood, liver, and tumors
      at 1, 5, 10, and 30 minutes using x-ray energy spectrometry. Ratios between tumor
      iodine and blood iodine concentrations increased more with time with diatrizoate
      than either iopamidol or ioxaglate and were at 30 minutes significantly greater
      for diatrizoate than the other two agents. This suggests that the contrast medium
      efflux from the vascular compartment into the extravascular compartment of all
      tumors is greater for diatrizoate than either iopamidol or ioxaglate. Although it
      is known from clinical experience that the differential enhancement between
      hypodense hepatic tumors and liver parenchyma decreases rapidly with time after
      contrast administration, this investigation suggests that the substitution of
      diatrizoate by either iopamidol or ioxaglate should not affect appreciably the
      contrast enhancement in this condition in dynamic CT completed within the first
      minutes after contrast administration. In a later phase, after contrast
      administration, however, both iopamidol and ioxaglate should conceal hypodense
      hepatic tumors less than diatrizoate.

PMID- 4066233
TI  - Radiographic workup. An integral part of the curriculum.
AB  - Description of a Senior Radiology Elective, designed to teach medical students
      the proper sequencing of radiologic studies, is presented. We believe that in
      using this teaching model students will learn sequencing concepts that result in
      better patient care while containing costs.

PMID- 4066234
TI  - Evaluation of radiology resident cognitive performance.
AB  - Using radiographs and slides in three formats, we objectively tested the
      cognitive performance of 16 residents during an 8-month period. One format tested
      individual residents with radiographs and required only that a list of findings
      be provided within a week. For the second method, radiographs were projected to a
      small group of residents and a single diagnosis for each of ten cases was
      required. The third format required a larger group of competing residents to view
      projected slides of ten loosely defined but thematically connected cases and
      develop one diagnosis. Two of the test formats correlated significantly with a
      Spearmen rank, r = .50 or better (P less than .025) with a ranking based upon
      total score on the American College of Radiology Inservice Examination. All three
      test formats had a Spearmen rank r = .50 or better (P less than .05) when
      compared with pooled ranking performed by the staff radiologists.

PMID- 4066235
TI  - Prescription for survival. The doctor's dilemma.

PMID- 4066236
TI  - Acute bilateral arterial occlusion.

PMID- 4066237
TI  - Simultaneous measurements of cerebral blood flow by the xenon/CT method and the
      microsphere method. A comparison.
AB  - Simultaneous measurements of cerebral blood flow have been performed in baboons
      to assess the correlation between the acute and invasive nondiffusible
      microsphere technique and the noninvasive xenon-enhanced CT method. Blood flows
      in small tissue volumes (approximately 1 cm3) were directly compared. The results
      of these studies demonstrate a statistically significant association between the
      two methods (P less than .001). Similar correlations were obtained by both the
      Kendall tau (tau) and the Spearman (r) methods. The problems and limitations of
      such correlations are discussed.

PMID- 4066238
TI  - Flow determination using computed tomography: application to aortic dissection.
      Part II.
AB  - Dynamic CT is not only useful in imaging an aortic dissection but may provide
      additional information concerning the hemodynamic significance of differing flow
      patterns in the false channel compared with the true channel. Once validated, the
      computed tomographic (CT) method of flow determination (See Part I) was applied
      to an experimental animal model with a surgically created aortic dissection. Good
      correlation was obtained for the flow estimates of cardiac output derived for the
      true and false channel (r = .82). The shapes of the curves, however, were
      distinct, reflecting different flow patterns for the true and false channels.
      Curve parameters, such as peak CT number (P = .0001), variance (P = .006), and,
      in particular, the number of mixers (a parameter used to quantify the degree of
      mixing) (P = .0001), demonstrated significant differences between the two
      channels of the dissection. The curve parameters derived can therefore be used to
      differentiate the true and false channels and may then predict the long-term
      outcome of the false channel, and the aortic branches derived from it.

PMID- 4066239
TI  - Assessment of severity of experimental pulmonary edema with magnetic resonance
      imaging. Effect of relaxation enhancement by Gd-DTPA.
AB  - This study was done to demonstrate the capability of magnetic resonance imaging
      (MRI), using a spin-echo technique to detect permeability pulmonary edema in
      vivo, to correlate the signal intensity to the water content of the lung, and to
      assess the influence of administration of gadolinium-DTPA upon this relationship.
      Pulmonary edema was induced in 28 rats by intravenous injection of oleic acid
      (0.05-0.1 cc/kg). This was detected in all animals on images obtained with a
      repetition time (TR) of 2.0 seconds and echo times (TE) of 28 or 56 msec as
      increased signal intensity. Compared with control animals, the intensity was
      increased primarily in the dependent and peripheral portions of the lung. There
      was a significant linear relationship between the mean signal intensity, obtained
      from the area of both lungs within one slice, and the water content of both lungs
      (r = .94). Intravenous administration of gadolinium (Gd)-DTPA, 5 minutes prior to
      imaging, produced an easily observable increase in signal intensity on images of
      short TR (0.5 second) in the edematous lung tissue. However, these values did not
      exceed the intensities obtained without Gd-DTPA, if a long TR (2.0 seconds) was
      used for imaging. Thus, MRI has the capability for quantitating the severity of
      oleic acid-induced pulmonary edema. Gd-DTPA distributes rapidly into permeability
      pulmonary edema. It allows improved sensitivity at shorter pulse sequence
      repetition times and thus may diminish imaging time.

PMID- 4066240
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging using gadolinium labeled monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Gadolinium was attached to antibodies and tested in vitro and in vivo for its
      effect on proton relaxation enhancement. Using the cyclic anhydride method,
      diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) was attached to albumin, IgG and anti
      CEA monoclonal antibody. Gadolinium (Gd) was then chelated to the protein
      complexes forming protein-DTPA-Gd complex. With this technique approximately 9
      atoms of Gd could be attached to each albumin molecule, 4 to each IgG molecule
      and 1.5 to each monoclonal antibody molecule. The minimal in vitro concentration
      of Gd in the form of IgG-DTPA-Gd necessary to produce proton relaxation
      enhancement at 0.35 tesla was 10(-1) mM. An in vivo experiment using
      anticarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monoclonal antibody-DTPA-Gd in hamsters
      implanted with human colon carcinoma resulted in a tumor concentration of Gd of
      less than 10(-4) mM. No enhancement of the tumors was detected at that
      concentration. For monoclonal antibodies to function as selective MR contrast
      agents, substantial advances in technology must occur.

PMID- 4066241
TI  - Calculated T1 and T2 MR images and 31P MR spectra in rabbit thigh V2 carcinoma to
      monitor the effect of steroid administration.
AB  - T1 and T2 proton relaxation times in six rabbit thigh V2 carcinomas were obtained
      from regions of interest on calculated MR images at 2.35 tesla before and after
      steroid administration. Mean T1 and T2 values of viable tumor tissue decreased
      after steroid administration, consistent with decreased tissue water content.
      After steroid withdrawal, T1 and T2 values returned toward baseline. Relaxation
      times of peritumoral muscle tissue and normal contralateral thigh muscle
      essentially remained unchanged. In a separate experiment, six rabbit thigh V2
      carcinomas were monitored before and after steroids by 31P spectroscopy using a
      surface coil. No substantial steroid-related changes were recognizable. A fall of
      the ratio of phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate and a signal increase from
      phosphomonoester and phosphodiester compounds were observed during various stages
      of tumor growth. Analysis of 31P spectra changes and sequential measurements of
      relaxation times may prove valuable for assessment of tumor growth and
      therapeutic response in diagnostic oncology.

PMID- 4066242
TI  - CT of obstructive lobar collapse.
AB  - The varied computed tomographic (CT) appearance of obstructive lobar collapse is
      described in 25 cases. CT is helpful in understanding the morphology and
      mechanisms of lobar collapse and in diagnosing atypical cases. The final shape of
      the collapsed lobe is dependent on the size and location of the obstructing tumor
      and on the amount of retained lung fluid. Focal bulging of the fissure (S-sign)
      is the most helpful sign in identifying the obstructing tumor. Differential
      enhancement could not separate the tumor from collapsed lung in six of eight
      (75%) of the cases studied with intravenous contrast, a finding at variance with
      previous reports. The limitations of CT in evaluating mediastinal or pleural
      invasion in the presence of lobar collapse are discussed.

PMID- 4066243
TI  - Normal erect swallowing. Normal function and incidence of variations.
AB  - Of 871 candidates presenting for upper gastrointestinal examinations, 16 met the
      rigorous criteria established for selecting asymptomatic normal volunteers. Frame
      by-frame evaluation of their videorecorded pharyngeal swallow confirmed many
      observations made previously utilizing cine recording at much higher radiation
      dosages. In addition, new observations were made: the nasopharynx may not occlude
      until the bolus is entirely within the pharynx; air mixes with the bolus if the
      swallow is an "open" type; the epiglottis always inverts in normal individuals
      regardless of the type of swallow ("open," air filled oro-and hypopharynx into
      which the swallowed bolus is dropped; "closed," airless oropharynx into which the
      swallowed bolus is pushed by a continuous peristaltic drive of the tongue and
      palate, thus reconstituting the pharyngeal space); laryngeal descent may aid in
      stripping the bolus from the pharynx; the vestibule may not completely close
      during the swallow and the larynx can still be impervious to the bolus; the
      peristaltic wave does not begin until the bolus has breeched the cricopharyngeus;
      the cricopharyngeus may be seen frequently in normal individuals, but does not
      delay the passage of the bolus; asymmetric flow of the bolus around the larynx is
      common and may not be the result of epiglottic tilt or head positioning.

PMID- 4066244
TI  - Selective occlusion and focal hyperthermia therapy of V-2 tumors in the rabbit
      hindlimb.
AB  - Utilizing technology recently developed in our laboratory, hypervascular, heat
      resistant V-2 tumors growing in the rabbit hindlimb were variously subjected to
      selective vascular occlusion by embolization with Dextran M microspheres and
      focal hyperthermia to minimum intratumor temperatures of 43 degrees C X 40
      minutes (OH), focal 43 degrees C X 40 minutes hyperthermia alone (H), selective
      occlusion plus sham hyperthermia (O), and sham treatment. Regional toxicity
      observed consisted of skin burns and muscle fibrosis in the H and OH groups and
      peripheral embolization in the O alone group. Tumors subjected to a single OH
      treatment had significantly reduced growth rate over a 28-day period of
      observation compared with all other treatment groups and sham-treated controls (P
      less than or equal to .05). Our findings suggest that the combination of
      selective vascular embolization and focused hyperthermia may be useful in therapy
      of hypervascular, heat-resistant human tumors in anatomic locations where
      selective occlusion and relatively intense focal heating can be performed. The
      regional toxicity encountered in this model reemphasizes the need for extensive
      thermal mapping over the heated region.

PMID- 4066245
TI  - Effects of intravenous administration of a new nonionic dimeric contrast medium
      on the coronary circulation. Comparison with monomeric ionic and nonionic media.
AB  - Contrast media injected into the circulation produce a variety of cardiovascular
      effects. Agents with low osmolality and low concentrations of cations cause
      considerably less hemodynamic effects. This study compared the effects of a
      nonionic dimer, iotrol, which has an osmolality (340 mosm/kg) close to that of
      serum (290 mosm/kg), with a standard ionic monomer, meglumine diatrizoate, and a
      nonionic monomer, iosimide. The effects of intravenous bolus injection of these
      three contrast agents on coronary and systemic hemodynamics were studied in eight
      anesthetized dogs. The influence of the contrast media on subendocardial and
      subepicardial perfusion was assessed by injecting radioactive microspheres into
      the left atrium 30 seconds after injection of the media. Alterations in coronary
      hemodynamics occurred with both iosimide and meglumine diatrizoate. Iotrol
      produced minimal changes in coronary hemodynamics. Thus, iotrol is the least
      perturbing contrast indicator and seems the best for use in quantitative digital
      subtraction and dynamic computed tomography studies designed to measure
      myocardial perfusion.

PMID- 4066246
TI  - Ranking: a reproducible semiobjective means of evaluating overall resident
      performance.
AB  - Eleven staff radiologists evaluated resident performance by independent
      subjective ranking regardless of residency year. A pooled ranking correlated with
      a ranking obtained from the total raw score of the American College of Radiology
      (ACR) Inservice Examination (P less than .005). The staff pooled ranking had a
      Spearman rank correlation, r = .70, with resident overall performance upon the
      ACR Inservice Examination. The pooled ranking had a Spearman rank correlation, r
      = .90, with a subsequent pooled ranking obtained six months later (P less than
      .0001). This method of ranking accurately predicts ACR Inservice Examination
      performance and appears to evaluate the objectivity of the staff radiologists
      involved.

PMID- 4066247
TI  - Policies and attitudes toward the pregnant radiology resident.

PMID- 4066248
TI  - 'There's a growing crisis' say more and more Iowans.

PMID- 4066250
TI  - Help your patients kick the cigarette habit.

PMID- 4066249
TI  - Avoiding patient complaints? Communicate! Communicate!

PMID- 4066251
TI  - Biological control of zest and joy.

PMID- 4066252
TI  - The drug treatment of moderate and severe pain syndromes in cancer patients.

PMID- 4066253
TI  - Physician service on local boards of health.

PMID- 4066254
TI  - Effect of concanavalin A on the early events of rabies virus infection of CER
      cells.
AB  - The effect of concanavalin A on rabies virus infection of CER cells was
      investigated. Pretreatment of CER cells with concanavalin A inhibited cellular
      susceptibility to rabies virus infection. The lectin also was found to be
      inhibitory when applied after the viral binding step. Moreover, the lectin had a
      direct inhibitory effect on the infectivity of the virion. These lectin-mediated
      inhibitions could be reversed by alpha-D-methyl-mannopyranoside. These complex
      effects are discussed with regard to the mechanism of rabies virus entry into CER
      cells.

PMID- 4066255
TI  - Effect of prior treatment with thioglycolate on the incubation period of
      intraperitoneally injected scrapie.
AB  - Injection of mice with thioglycolate 5 days prior to intraperitoneal injection of
      scrapie brain homogenate led to a statistically significant increase in scrapie
      incubation periods. This was seen with two different scrapie strains (ME7 and
      139A), in different mouse strains (C57BL/6J and Compton White), and at several
      dilutions of the scrapie inoculum.

PMID- 4066256
TI  - Lymphoproliferative diseases in the west of Ireland: an epidemiological study.

PMID- 4066257
TI  - Medial and lateral synovial plicae of the knee: pathological significance,
      diagnosis and treatment by arthroscopic surgery.

PMID- 4066258
TI  - Potato riddler's lung.

PMID- 4066259
TI  - Post-exploratory choledochal assessment and management of residual calculi.

PMID- 4066260
TI  - Identical twins with simultaneous acute appendicitis.

PMID- 4066261
TI  - Axillary vein thrombosis--local treatment with streptokinase.

PMID- 4066262
TI  - The aetiology of coronary heart disease: implications for the family doctor.

PMID- 4066263
TI  - Coeliac disease.

PMID- 4066264
TI  - Measles immunisation.

PMID- 4066265
TI  - Childhood autism.

PMID- 4066266
TI  - Effect of lymphocytapheresis plus cyclophosphamide on the course of a chronic
      progressive form of multiple sclerosis.
AB  - We report a case of a 16 year old boy with a chronic progressive form of Multiple
      Sclerosis treated with lymphocytapheresis and a low dose regimen of
      cyclophosphamide. A progressive improvement in the disability index and slowing
      of the clinical course were obtained. No side effects were observed. Depletion of
      lymphocytes and their pharmacological suppression point to their possible role in
      the induction of an immunoregulation of the disease process.

PMID- 4066267
TI  - Arteriovenous fistula and nerve conduction velocity in patients on hemodialysis:
      statistical and electrographic findings.
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate the possible influence of arteriovenous
      fistula (AVF) on nerve conduction velocity in patients on intermittent
      hemodialysis and its relevance to the pathogenesis of carpal tunnel syndrome
      (CTS). The data on 22 patients showed no statistically significant differences in
      the electrographic parameters considered. This suggests that AVF by the end-to
      end method plays no significant part in the alteration of nerve conduction.
      Possibly radial steal phenomena, which occur with other types of AVF, are at
      least partly responsible for the reported cases of CTS.

PMID- 4066268
TI  - Auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials (AEPs and SEPs) and ballistic
      movements in Parkinson disease.
AB  - In five patients with initial idiopathic Parkinson disease AEPs (early and late
      components of auditory evoked potentials), SEPs (somatosensory evoked potentials)
      and arm ballistic movements (abduction of the humerus) were studied. Experimental
      sessions were conducted before starting treatment (L-Dopa plus Carbidopa) and at
      two and six month intervals. Before treatment evoked potential abnormalities were
      found in four out of five patients; EMG patterns underlying ballistic arm
      abduction movements were altered in all patients; corresponding prolonged
      duration of initial movements and low mean velocities were found. After treatment
      AEP and SEP showed a reduction of previously observed abnormalities and both EMG
      patterns and kinematic variables consistently improved. It is suggested that the
      electrophysiological investigations employed in this preliminary study may be a
      useful tool in clinical and pharmacological researches on Parkinson disease.

PMID- 4066269
TI  - Discrimination between senile dementia Alzheimer type patients and -education
      matched normal controls by means of a 6-test set.
AB  - Discrimination between senile dementia Alzheimer type (SDAT) patients (N = 30)
      and Normal Controls (N = 60) by means of a 6-test set was assessed. Performances
      on Word Fluency (FL), Memory for Prose (PM) and Finger Agnosia (FA) nearly
      exhaust the discriminant power of the whole battery, including Constructional
      Apraxia (CA), Token Test (TT) and Weigl's Sorting Test (WT). The battery,
      however, leaves some facets of the difference between SDAT patients and Controls
      unexplored, misclassifying almost 20% of the SDAT patients and 10% of the
      Controls. We emphasize the role of discriminant analysis in the evaluation of any
      neuropsychological battery of tests which has to be used for diagnostic purposes.

PMID- 4066270
TI  - Lipoma of the quadrigeminal plate cistern.
AB  - Two cases of quadrigeminal plate cistern lipoma detected by CT scan, one of which
      produced impairment of vertical gaze, are reported. The problems of diagnosis and
      therapy of intracranial lipomas are briefly discussed.

PMID- 4066271
TI  - Cerebral metastases from perineal leiomyosarcoma.
AB  - A case of cerebral metastases from perineal cutaneous leiomyosarcoma is described
      and documented by the histological and CT findings.

PMID- 4066272
TI  - Abdominal neuropathy after renal surgery.

PMID- 4066273
TI  - Surgery of toxic goiter: indications and long-term results.
AB  - Treatment of hyperthyroidism is still debated, surgery in particular is conceived
      as the last step of a multidisciplinary approach. 130 patients were reviewed in a
      follow-up based on a double cell at fixed dates, after subtotal thyroidectomy for
      multinodular and diffuse toxic goiter. Clinical and laboratory tests (T3, T4,
      TSH) showed a rate of 9.1% of recurrent toxicity and 20.7% of hypothyroidism.
      These data confirm that surgery offers satisfactory results in the management of
      hyperthyroidism if indications are carefully followed. It is also shown that TSH
      has a predictive role in the screening of patients at risk of developing
      postoperative hypothyroidism.

PMID- 4066274
TI  - Surgical treatment of parotid gland tumors.
AB  - Fifty patients (27 females, 23 males) operated on for parotid neoplasms are
      reported. Eleven patients (22%) had benign tumors, 31 (62%) mixed tumors and 8
      (16%) malignant tumors. Among patients with benign neoplasms, 10 (90,9%) were
      treated by enucleation (En.) and 1 (9,1%) by superficial parotidectomy (S.P.).
      Twenty-five patients (80,6%) with mixed neoplasms were operated on by total
      conservative parotidectomy (T.C.P.), 3 (9,7%) by S.P. and 3 (9,7%) by En. Three
      cases (37,5%) of malignant neoplasms were treated by T.C.P., and 5 (62,5%) by
      total demolitive parotidectomy (T.D.P.), associated to lateral lymphadenectomy in
      3 patients. On the basis of a follow-up concerning 41 patients and of data from
      the literature, the authors report their present surgical approach for mixed
      tumors, underlining their preference for T.C.P., and limiting S.P. only to some
      selected cases.

PMID- 4066275
TI  - Use of a thymic factor in the prevention of postoperative infections.
AB  - A controlled study was carried out on 60 patients undergoing laparotomy to assess
      the role of a thymic factor (TP-1 Serono) in the prevention of postoperative
      infections. All patients entering the study were preoperatively shown to be at
      risk of sepsis on the basis of the response to skin multitest system for assay of
      delayed hypersensitivity (Multitest C.M.I. System). The patients were also
      postoperatively monitored with the same system. The lower incidence of infections
      in patients treated with the thymic factor with respect to untreated patients (p
      less than 0.05) and the postoperative response to skin tests have confirmed the
      efficacy of the thymic factor under study in the prevention of postoperative
      infections.

PMID- 4066276
TI  - Boerhaave syndrome: a report of two cases.
AB  - Two cases of Boerhaave's syndrome are reported. They were treated by surgery
      within 12 hours from the onset of symptoms. In both cases the perforation was
      located on the anterior wall of the distal third of the thoracic esophagus. In
      view of the rapid onset of severe complications, particularly mediastinitis, the
      role of early diagnosis in relation to prognosis, is stressed.

PMID- 4066277
TI  - Surgical treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer.
AB  - The experience with 28 patients undergoing hepatic resection for metastases from
      colorectal cancer is reported. In 15 cases the metastases were synchronous, in 13
      metachronous, appearing 12 to 60 months after surgery of primary cancer. Six
      patients underwent right lobectomy, 2 left lobectomy, 9 left lateral
      segmentectomy, 6 right wedge resection and 2 bilateral wedge resection. In 20
      cases the lesions were solitary, in 8 multiple. Overall operative mortality was
      14.2%. Mean survival for synchronous metastases was 16 months with 3 patients
      living beyond 12 months, and 26 months for metachronous metastases with 4
      patients living beyond 12 months. The obtained results are analyzed on the basis
      of staging of primary cancer, of the metastatic disease and type of resection,
      examining the morbidity and cause of long term mortality. It is evidenced that,
      even if correct pre- and intraoperative staging of metastatic disease is
      impossible, an aggressive surgical approach is the treatment of choice in
      surgically resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer.

PMID- 4066278
TI  - Surgical management of liver hydatidosis. 10-year experience with 269 patients.
AB  - A series of 269 patients with 371 surgically treated hydatid cysts of the liver
      is reported. Cystopericystectomy was performed in 45.2% of cases, liver resection
      in 7%, subtotal cystectomy in 26.9%, cystojejunostomy in 1.8% and drainage in
      9.7%. Overall mortality and morbility were 2.9% and 31% respectively, with a mean
      hospital stay of 29 days. The highest mortality (6%) and morbility (45%) were
      observed in patients undergoing subtotal cystectomy. In the group of patients
      treated by conservative surgery the overall mortality was 32.5%, while in the
      group treated by radical surgery it was 27% (p less than 0.05). These data
      suggest that in the treatment of hydatid disease radical resection is followed by
      the lowest complication and mortality rates.

PMID- 4066279
TI  - Proximal arteriovenous fistulas for vascular access in periodic hemodialysis.
AB  - Six proximal arteriovenous fistulas were created in 6 uremic patients on periodic
      hemodialysis, in whom previous distal shunts or the interposition of heterologous
      materials had failed. The operations were performed with the vascularization of
      the upper limbs and a cutaneous incision at the bend of the arm. All patients
      were women. All the arteriovenous fistulas showed good functioning at the end of
      the procedure and follow-up from 0 to 45 months.

PMID- 4066280
TI  - Aneurysms of the thoracoabdominal aorta.
AB  - Five cases of thoracoabdominal aneurysms are reviewed. These cases were observed
      during the last 10 years and their incidence was 4% of all aortic aneurysms
      admitted in the same period. In all the patients the Crawford's technique by
      graft inclusion with visceral vessel reattachment by direct suture, without by
      pass, was adopted. Of the five patients, two underwent elective surgery and three
      emergency surgery. While the mortality rate in the patients operated on election
      was 0%, on emergency it was 66,6%.

PMID- 4066281
TI  - Isolated symptomatic lesions of the vertebral artery: cure after surgical repair.
AB  - Nine patients with uni-or bilateral stenosis of vertebral arteries, not
      associated with other lesions of supraaortic trunks are reported. They showed a
      vertebrobasilar insufficiency syndrome not due to other assessable causes. Seven
      of them underwent surgical treatment always as reimplantation of the vertebral
      into the subclavian artery. The procedure was unilateral also in cases with
      bilateral lesions. In all 7 patients a favourable result was obtained: 5 patients
      recovered completely and 2 showed a marked improvement. The study demonstrates
      that the surgical repair of symptomatic unilateral lesions of vertebral arteries
      is able to cure the vertebrobasilar insufficiency syndrome.

PMID- 4066282
TI  - Modulation of nonspecific cell-mediated growth inhibition by estrogen
      metabolites.
AB  - Chronic exposure of mice to estrogens such as 17-beta estradiol and
      diethylstilbestrol inhibits natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vivo. In
      this report, we investigated the direct in vitro effects of 17-beta estradiol and
      its major metabolites on nonspecific effector cell function measured as the
      ability of naive lymphocytes to inhibit the growth of the YAC-1 lymphoma, a
      classical natural killer-sensitive target cell. Without exception, the effects of
      individual estrogen metabolites on the growth inhibitory properties of these
      cells were accompanied, at every concentration of compound, by identical effects
      on the blastogenic response of lymphocytes to the T cell lectin
      phytohemagglutinin. These observations suggested membrane-mediated
      immunomodulation of lymphocyte function by estrogen metabolites. As suggested by
      previous studies with quinone metabolites of benzene, the catechol estrogen
      metabolite 2-OH estrone was significantly more potent than the parent compound at
      suppressing lymphocyte functions in vitro; however, dosing regimens of 2-OH
      estrone that suppressed blastogenic response in vivo failed to inhibit
      nonspecific cell-mediated growth inhibition.

PMID- 4066283
TI  - Staphage lysate: an immunomodulator of the primary immune response in mice.
AB  - The immunological enhancing activity of staphage lysate on the primary immune
      response of mice as reflected by specific heteroantibody production to a single
      antigenic stimulus and on immunoglobulin synthesis was determined. Staphage
      lysate was administered at different periods in relation to time of sheep
      erythrocyte injection so that both the inductive and the productive phase of the
      immune response could be evaluated. Treatment with staphage lysate induced
      pronounced enhancement of the hemagglutinin response by day 14 regardless of the
      dose or the time of its administration. Significantly higher antibody levels in
      the test groups were observed when compared with the control animals, peak
      antibody titers being 21 days following antigenic challenge. Furthermore,
      staphage lysate administered without an accompanying antigen evoked a heightened
      serum immunoglobulin level in mice for a period of more than 14 days after
      injection. IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b were significantly elevated as a direct result
      of this treatment. This increased output of immunoglobulin synthesis and
      heightened hemagglutinin titers demonstrate that staphage lysate is not only an
      immunomodulator of cell-mediated immunity, as previously reported, but also an
      effective immunoadjuvant of the humoral antibody response capability in the host.

PMID- 4066284
TI  - Suppressed proliferation of lymphatic tissue in diabetic and adrenalectomized
      diabetic rats.
AB  - One week following induction of diabetes in rats by alloxan administration, the
      thymus and spleen showed marked involution and a highly significant depression of
      in vivo incorporation of [3H]deoxycytidine into the DNA of these tissues.
      Adrenalectomy of diabetic rats reduced the decline of lymphatic tissue weight,
      but uptake of [3H]deoxycytidine into thymic and spleen DNA remained suppressed.
      These results indicate that in alloxan-induced diabetes, the observed depressed
      lymphatic tissue weight and cellular proliferation are not simply due to the
      elevated plasma level of corticosteroids, but are either a result of the insulin
      deficiency per se or due to other metabolic alterations associated with the
      diabetic condition.

PMID- 4066285
TI  - Extra-articular resection of the shoulder (Tikhoff-Linberg).
AB  - The authors have reviewed 21 cases of extra-articular resection of the shoulder,
      using the Tikhoff-Linberg technique, carried out at the Tumour Centre of the
      Rizzoli Institute. The effectiveness of this method has been evaluated both
      oncologically (by a study of the resected specimens) and functionally. The
      possible complications are considered. The authors describe a modification of the
      technique for tumours of the proximal humerus in which only part of the scapula
      is removed.

PMID- 4066286
TI  - Intramedullary nailing with supplementary screw fixation (Grosse-Kempf
      technique).
AB  - The authors report their experience in 25 cases of fractures of the shaft of the
      femur and tibia treated by the Grosse-Kempf method of intramedullary nailing
      supplemented by screw fixation. They confirm the validity of this technique,
      which enlarges the indications for intramedullary nailing and offers an
      alternative method of osteosynthesis in the more severe cases.

PMID- 4066287
TI  - Modified Jones operation in the treatment of pes cavovarus.
AB  - The authors describe their technique and results in the treatment of pes
      cavovarus by transposition of extensor hallucis brevis to the first metatarsal
      (Jones operation) in association with arthrodesis of the interphalangeal joint of
      the hallux. In cases of structural deformity it is also combined with osteotomy
      of the base of the first metatarsal.

PMID- 4066288
TI  - The treatment of relapsing clubfoot by tibialis anterior transfer underneath the
      extensor retinaculum.
AB  - Nineteen patients with 22 relapsing clubfeet were treated by tibialis anterior
      transfer underneath the extensor retinaculum. This operation is indicated in
      cases of relapse in which the clubfoot is still supple. It is not indicated in
      cases with subtalar rigidity. The results were excellent in 19 cases, fair in 2
      and poor in one. The fair and poor results were attributable to faulty technique
      or errors of indication.

PMID- 4066289
TI  - "Interpotential" mounting in monolateral Hoffmann fixation.
AB  - The authors carried out an experimental study to quantify the stability of
      monolateral fixation devices of the Hoffmann type. The technical tests indicated
      that changes were needed in the geometry of the devices; these were achieved by
      designing a junction piece which enables the transfixion pins and the smooth
      stabilization rod to remain in the same plane, while leaving the rest of the
      instrumentation unchanged. The use of this component makes the fixation device
      more stable and lighter than the classic monolateral devices commonly used. It
      also prevents the separation and rotation of the fragments that can occur when
      rods not in the same plane are subjected to compression.

PMID- 4066290
TI  - Palliative surgery in irreparable lesions of the peroneal nerve.
AB  - The operation of transposition of tibialis posterior into tibialis anterior is
      indicated in irreparable lesions of the peroneal nerve. The authors present a
      critical review of 16 cases submitted to this operation during the last 5 years
      using the Barr technique. This is described in detail. Evaluation of the overall
      results shows this to be an excellent procedure in such cases.

PMID- 4066291
TI  - Total prosthetic replacement in tabetic arthropathy of the hip joint.
AB  - The treatment of tabetic arthropathy of the hip by prosthetic replacement has
      been recorded in the literature in 5 cases, of which only 4 were followed up. The
      authors present 4 more cases in which follow-up showed that the operation was
      definitely contraindicated in this condition. All the cases developed recurrent
      subluxation and/or loosening of the prosthesis.

PMID- 4066292
TI  - The treatment of diaphyseal fractures by functional bracing. Results in 36 cases.
AB  - The results of 36 diaphyseal fractures (14 humerus, 22 tibia) treated by
      functional bracing are reported. These are very encouraging, with consolidation
      and complete functional recovery in all cases.

PMID- 4066293
TI  - Scintigraphy with Tc99m-MDP in the diagnosis of stress lesions in bone.
AB  - Scintigraphy with Technetium methylene diphosphate gives a positive result in
      bone tissue in a state of raised metabolic activity. This can be used in the
      diagnosis of mechanical stress lesions in bone. The authors present several
      clinical examples confirming the usefulness of this method.

PMID- 4066294
TI  - Computerised tomography in the investigation of scapulohumeral instability.
AB  - Radiological investigation of the shoulder joint in articular instability
      syndromes often yields inadequate information. Computerised tomography, either
      with or without a contrast medium, can provide more precise information about the
      pathological anatomy of the bones and capsuloligamentous structures. The authors
      report their experience in 50 normal and 33 pathological shoulders.

PMID- 4066295
TI  - Delayed rupture of a flexor tendon secondary to fracture of the lunate.
AB  - Attritional ruptures of flexor tendons following carpal fractures are rare. The
      authors report a case of delayed rupture of flexor digitorum profundus of the
      index finger caused by fracture of the lunate. To our knowledge, this is the
      first report of such a tendon rupture following a fracture of the lunate.

PMID- 4066296
TI  - Traumatic loosening of a prosthetic acetabular cup in a young patient.
AB  - The authors present a case of loosening of the acetabular cup of a total
      prosthesis resulting from an injury which caused a fracture of the acetabulum.
      This does not appear to have been previously recorded in the literature. This
      case also presented a problem of treatment and emphasizes the need for
      intercompatibility of prosthetic components should only one need replacement.
      Bone grafts were used in this case to reinforce the acetabular roof for the
      secure seating of a replacement cup--in this case a cementless acetabular
      component screwed into the bony acetabulum.

PMID- 4066297
TI  - Lesions of the spine in heroin addicts.
AB  - The authors present 6 cases of spinal lesions in heroin addicts--3 infective, 3
      traumatic. The striking feature about all these cases is the comparative absence
      of spinal symptoms. This underlines the importance of accurate and early
      diagnosis in these subjects.

PMID- 4066298
TI  - International nomenclature of constitutional diseases of bone. Revision 1983.
AB  - The international nomenclature of Constitutional Diseases of Bone agreed on in
      1977 was revised in 1983 by a Committee of experts. Some new entities were
      introduced and others excluded. The basis of selection was that the disorder was
      a definite entity confirmed by several different observers. The subdivisions
      proposed are not intended as a classification but are presented to add some
      clarity and to facilitate research in a field which is often confused by the use
      of different names by different authors for the same disorder. In the congenital
      malformation syndromes the only ones included are those in which the osseous
      signs are particularly characteristic and constitute an important element in
      their recognition. In the growth problems of the long bones and spine a new
      classification is proposed to include the dysplasias incompatible with life.
      There are some entities in which biochemical definition seems imminent (e.g.
      osteogenesis imperfecta) so that a subdivision is not proposed at the present
      time. In the metabolic abnormalities, classification is also limited by our
      present knowledge and is therefore restricted to those in which a specific
      primary disorder has been defined and is responsible for major skeletal changes.
      The mode of transmission, if wellfounded, has also been noted with each disorder.

PMID- 4066299
TI  - Industry's new bottom line on health care costs: is less better?

PMID- 4066300
TI  - The autoworkers' view.

PMID- 4066301
TI  - Medical ethics the Japanese way.

PMID- 4066302
TI  - When baby's mother is also grandma--and sister.

PMID- 4066303
TI  - Who speaks for the patient with the locked-in syndrome?

PMID- 4066304
TI  - Community: the neglected tradition of public health.
AB  - The dominant language of politics in the United States has been political
      individualism, with minimal restrictions on property and personal, voluntary
      conduct. But there are second languages of community that stress cooperation and
      group action. These second languages include the constitutional tradition for
      public health. Public health offers a community justification for paternalistic
      measures that, for example, discourage smoking or require seatbelts.

PMID- 4066305
TI  - The limits of the ledger in public health promotion.
AB  - Recent efforts to support state regulation of risky behavior like cigarette
      smoking, alcohol consumption, driving without seatbelts and riding motorcycles
      without helmets have focused on economic justifications--the costs to society of
      the consequences of these activities. However, opponents have successfully argued
      that the economic burdens of regulation outweigh the social benefits. To reduce
      the toll on society of these behaviors, we need justification for regulation that
      asserts the moral primacy of health and the well-being of the community.

PMID- 4066306
TI  - Will "required request" work?

PMID- 4066307
TI  - Physicians and patients in transition.
AB  - Despite growing consumerism and skepticism about authority in the culture as a
      whole, most patients continue to be pliant. If there is a serious threat to
      physician autonomy, it is more likely to come from third-party payers and new
      forms of medical practice, particularly the rise of for-profit hospital chains,
      than from patients. Though physicians are restless, they will learn to adapt to
      the new conditions of practice.

PMID- 4066308
TI  - Guide to hospital incident reports.
AB  - Proper incident reporting in a health care institution holds the promise of
      isolating problem areas, procedures and personnel within an institution, thus
      making corrective action easier. At the same time, the incident report can serve
      as a weapon in defense of law suits brought against the institution.

PMID- 4066309
TI  - Goal programming as a capital investment tool for teaching hospitals.
AB  - In order to be effective in today's complex environment, hospital management
      needs an orderly and rational method for balancing conflicting requirements.

PMID- 4066310
TI  - Organizational development in academic medicine: an educational approach.
AB  - Can organizational development work in the academic setting? Because current cost
      constraints and federal regulations are forcing departments and services to
      integrate, organizational development may be the best option for management. The
      study reported here shows that it can work successfully in the family medicine
      department.

PMID- 4066311
TI  - Justice as a prelude to teamwork in medical centers.
AB  - Concern with teamwork in medical centers has often focused on cohesion and
      affiliation. Based on data concerning personality propensities and values of
      physician leaders, it appears that due process is a more realistic leadership
      aspiration than cohesion.

PMID- 4066312
TI  - A strategy for interunit problem solving.
AB  - The complexities of today's nursing unit, and especially the ICU, require greater
      interunit cooperation than ever before. As the complexity of the ICU structure
      increases, so does the potential for interunit conflict and organizational
      strain.

PMID- 4066313
TI  - Final report from a health care planner.
AB  - Although the changes taking place in Grandview's medical community are causing
      distress among the physicians and the hospitals, there is little doubt that the
      original goals of the Tri Hospital Committee have been achieved.

PMID- 4066314
TI  - HCMR interview: D. Kirk Oglesby. Interview by Montague Brown.

PMID- 4066315
TI  - [Clinical diagnosis of early malignant melanomas].
AB  - Criteria for the clinical diagnosis of early malignant melanomas were sought. A
      total of 213 pigmented tumors, clinically suspected of being early malignant
      melanomas, were measured, described, photographed, and classified histologically:
      40 proved to be definitely malignant, 49 possibly malignant ("dysplastic"), and
      124 definitely benign (mostly melano-/nevocytic nevi, spindle-cell nevi, and
      Spitz nevi). Malignant melanomas had a horizontal diameter of greater than 5 mm,
      the patients were older than 18 years, and 62.5% were females. A combination of
      criteria allowed a clinical diagnosis to be made with an accuracy of 76.2%. The
      criteria of a horizontal diameter of greater than 5 mm, irregular configuration,
      and uneven pigmentation permitted 80% of all melanomas to be identified.
      Histologically atypical, dysplastic nevi could not be diagnosed clinically. They
      probably constitute a heterogeneous group and only some of them appear to be very
      early, histologically not clearly recognizable, malignant melanomas.

PMID- 4066316
TI  - [Disorders of potency caused by sarcoidosis].
AB  - The case is reported of a dark-skinned African, whose hypophysis was altered by
      Boeck's disease, resulting in impairment of its function and in impotentia
      coeundi et generandi.

PMID- 4066317
TI  - [Experimental induction of skin manifestations in hydroa vacciniforme].
AB  - In a 34-year-old patient who had been suffering from hydroa vacciniforme since he
      was 4 years old, typical skin lesions were induced on his arm, back and in the
      oral mucosa by means of repeated UV-A exposure. His eyes were found to have
      intracorneal scars.

PMID- 4066318
TI  - [Zinc content of leukocytes and serum in psoriasis patients].
AB  - The mean zinc level in leucocytes from psoriasis patients was found to be
      decreased by a statistically significant amount, which was not the case in serum.
      On the basis of data from the literature and our own observations, the role of
      zinc is discussed in the development of immunologic events.

PMID- 4066319
TI  - [Hypotrichosis congenita hereditaria Maria Unna].
AB  - A mother and child are reported, who suffer from hypotrichosis of the Marie-Unna
      type. At birth they had little or no hair. Subsequently, coarse and wirelike hair
      grew during early childhood, followed later by alopecia. Examination of the hair
      using scanning electron microscopy showed peeling of the cuticle and longitudinal
      ridging. Protein analysis showed no abnormalities compared with normal hair, but
      there were similarities with the so-called uncombable hair syndrome.

PMID- 4066320
TI  - [Toxicodermia cause by the edible mushroom shiitake (Lentinus edodes)].
AB  - Shiitake is a kind of mushroom (Lentinus edodes) which is eaten in Chinese and
      Japanese meals all over the world. In the last 9 years, we have observed 30
      patients with toxicodermia caused by eating Shiitake. Toxicodermia caused by
      Shiitake has a characteristic clinical picture.

PMID- 4066321
TI  - [Ultraviolet in dermatology: spectra--instruments--possibilities].
AB  - Following an historical review on the development of UV therapy, the clinical,
      histological and molecular changes in human skin by treatment with UV-B, UV-A and
      PUVA are discussed. Low- and high-pressure mercury arc lamps, with and without
      filtering, are produced by several manufacturers and are available for UV
      therapy. Practical hints and rules for treatment are given.

PMID- 4066322
TI  - [Nosologic relation of dyskeratosis follicularis (Darier) and pemphigus benignus
      chronicus familiaris (Hailey-Hailey). Position based on a case report].
AB  - After a case report and a review of the literature, we discuss the nosologic
      position of Darier's disease and benign familial chronic pemphigus (Hailey
      Hailey). Although the clinical and histological pictures of these diseases
      overlap, characteristic clinical features make differentiation possible.

PMID- 4066323
TI  - [Current aspects of endemic mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil].
AB  - Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis has a large incidence in Brazil. Biochemical,
      immunological and biological studies have characterized three disease agents:
      Leishmania mexicana amazonensis, Leishmania brasiliensis guyanensis and
      Leishmania brasiliensis brasiliensis; these have distinct geographical
      distributions. The last one is the most common and is the most difficult to
      treat. Destructive mucosal lesions can occur days, months or years after the
      cutaneous lesions. The Montenegro intradermal test, biopsy, smears of the border
      of ulcers and indirect immunofluorescence are the auxiliary diagnostic methods
      currently in use. The only effective drugs for the treatment of this disease are
      pentavalent antimonials and amphotericin B. After clinical cure, relapses can
      occur, and there are rare cases with mucosal lesions that are resistant to all
      forms of treatment.

PMID- 4066324
TI  - [Contraceptives and pregnancy in melanoma patients].

PMID- 4066325
TI  - Radium-226 and 232Th concentration in amang.

PMID- 4066326
TI  - Gamma radioactivity level in Sn slag dumps.

PMID- 4066327
TI  - Comments on the Health Physics review process and on 210Pb and 210Po in the
      environment.

PMID- 4066328
TI  - Radiation protective effect of bacterial endotoxins: non-specific immunity.

PMID- 4066329
TI  - Dose rate conversion factors.

PMID- 4066330
TI  - Differing radiofrequency standards in the microwave region--implications for
      future research.

PMID- 4066331
TI  - Ocular effects of pulsed Nd laser radiation: variation of threshold with
      pulsewidth.
AB  - This study of retinal damage thresholds in the rhesus monkey eye investigated the
      effects of Nd:YAG laser radiation at four pulsewidths; 4, 30, and 200 ns, and 10
      microseconds. The thresholds for induction of minimal ophthalmoscopically visible
      lesions for the four pulsewidths were 158, 326, 170, and 425 microJ,
      respectively, incident at the eye in single-pulse exposures. The data are
      interpreted to imply a flat trend of threshold with pulsewidth over the range of
      pulsewidths examined, in agreement with maximum permissible exposures quoted in
      existing laser safety standards. This finding is in contrast with the hypothesis
      of an anomalous trend of increasing threshold with decreasing pulsewidth which
      was suggested for the nanosec-microsec pulsewidth range based on the sparse data
      base previously available.

PMID- 4066332
TI  - Induction heating and operator exposure to electromagnetic fields.
AB  - Alternating magnetic fields are used in industry for induction heating of metals
      and semiconductors. Relatively high power, typically of a few to a few hundred of
      kW is used, and a frequency of operation ranges from 60 Hz to a few tens of MHz.
      A survey of the magnetic field strengths to which the operators are exposed has
      shown that these exposures are, in many instances, high compared with recommended
      exposure limits.

PMID- 4066333
TI  - Biological repair with time-dependent irradiation.
AB  - Recent experiments have provided new data that explore the effectiveness of
      biological repair in assessing damage due to exposures from ionizing radiation.
      These data are mainly from experiments conducted at constant dose rates, to study
      the effectiveness per unit dose of different dose rates. Here, we develop new
      formulae to estimate the effectiveness of an arbitrary time-dependent dose rate
      exposure.

PMID- 4066334
TI  - Determination of U in Japanese human tissues by the fission track method.
AB  - Uranium in several human tissues (lung, liver, kidney, muscle, spleen, heart,
      cerebrum and bones) from Japanese in the Tokyo area was determined by the fission
      track method. The average U content was the highest in lung with 1.70 ppb wet,
      and decreased in the order of lung greater than bones greater than heart and
      muscle greater than kidney greater than liver and spleen, showing markedly
      different tendencies from the description in the 1982 UNSCEAR Report (UNSCEAR82).
      Correlations were observed between U content in lung and in other tissues. These
      data suggest that the contribution of inhalation of U to its total intake is not
      negligible. The total body burden of U for the ICRP Reference Man (ICRP74) was
      estimated to be about 40 micrograms, which is rather small compared with the
      average normal burden of 90 micrograms currently accepted by the International
      Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP79).

PMID- 4066335
TI  - Potential contamination of surface water supplies by atmospheric releases from
      nuclear plants.
AB  - Atmospheric releases of radionuclides, which might result from severe accidents
      at nuclear power plants, have the potential for contaminating drinking water
      supplies. The probability and consequences of the contamination of a water supply
      for a large city is explored using the Indian Point Nuclear Station and New York
      City as an example. Techniques are developed to calculate the deposition of
      radionuclides onto the watersheds of the New York City reservoirs, and the extent
      to which the run-off from the watersheds would contaminate drinking water. It is
      possible to demonstrate that the supplies could be contaminated above 10 Code of
      Federal Regulations Part 20 drinking water limits and that population doses on
      the order of millions of person-rem could result from severe accidents. The
      relative (latent) risk of this pathway, however, would be small compared to other
      airborne pathway risks calculated for the same accidental release.

PMID- 4066336
TI  - Survey of radionuclides in foods, 1978-1982.
AB  - Samples from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's total-diet, market-basket
      program, samples of imported foods, and samples collected near nuclear power
      plants were analyzed for radionuclides. Most radionuclides were below the limit
      of detection for a majority of the samples; however, data are reported for 3H,
      90Sr and 137Cs in certain samples. Generally a downward trend is observed for
      90Sr when data for the 5-yr period were compared. The total dietary intake of
      either 90Sr or 137Cs is well within Range I of the Federal Radiation Council
      (FRC) radiation protection guides for these radionuclides.

PMID- 4066337
TI  - Contribution of inhalation by food animals to man's ingestion dose.
AB  - Animals' inhalation (AI) pathway was evaluated for 57 radionuclides using infant
      dose predictions from the food-chain model LIMCAL. With ingestion transfer
      coefficients fMi to define transfer from the respiratory tract to milk, the AI
      pathway appeared to be insignificant compared to animals' plant ingestion, as
      implicitly assumed in most environmental assessment models for nuclear
      installations. Using ICRP Publication 30 respiratory clearance models for man to
      adjust ingestion transfer coefficients, animals' inhalation appeared to be
      important, particularly for some actinide radionuclides. The AI pathway also
      appeared to be significant relative to man's inhalation, especially for infants.
      The importance of the AI pathway varied greatly between radionuclides, and
      results strongly suggest that it cannot be ignored in environmental assessments.
      Until better data become available to implement this pathway fully, adjusted
      ingestion transfer coefficient values can be used for transfer from animals'
      respiratory tract to milk and other food products.

PMID- 4066338
TI  - Food-chain transfer of U-series radionuclides in a northern Saskatchewan aquatic
      system.
AB  - Levels of TotalU, 226Ra, and 210Pb in water, sediments, insects and fish were
      measured in a stream and a lake affected by U mill effluents and in three
      uncontaminated systems (one creek and two lakes). Radionuclide levels were
      significantly elevated in water, sediments and biota at contaminated sites.
      Radionuclide concentration declined with each successive trophic level due
      primarily to very low assimilation efficiency. Fish radionuclide concentrations
      varied with season but did not vary with age or year of sampling. Distribution
      coefficients were high; therefore, a large proportion of radionuclides entering
      the systems go to the solid phase. Organisms feeding on or near sediments had
      higher radionuclide levels than pelagic species. There is a potential for long
      term cycling of radionuclides from sediments through food chains due to low flux
      and sedimentation rates. With the exception of water----insects and water----fish
      all transfer coefficients (TC) were low, usually less than one. Control TCs were
      greater than TCs in contaminated areas. Radium-226 and 210Pb TCs declined
      dramatically at the insect-fish level. Uranium uptake from water by insects and
      fish was much less than 226Ra or 210Pb uptake. Uptake from sediments was similar
      for all nuclides in insects but 210Pb sediment-fish TCs differed from 226Ra or U
      TCs. The critical pathway in the contaminated area was sediments----insects---
      forage fish----whitefish----man. Estimated internal dose rates to large fish in
      the contaminated area were 1-2 rad/y. Dose to humans from consumption of one fish
      serving per week for 1 y was 2% of the International Commission on Radiological
      Protection (ICRP) annual limit for the general public.

PMID- 4066339
TI  - Retention of 238Pu-bearing particles by corn plants.
AB  - To measure the retention of 238Pu-bearing particulates on plant surfaces, corn
      plants were exposed to 238Pu deposition in the vicinity of the H-Area nuclear
      fuel chemical separations facility on the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah
      River Plant. Following exposure, plants were removed to an area of lower 238Pu
      deposition rate and sampled every seven days for 28 days to determine 238Pu
      retention. To investigate the effects of exposure to wind and precipitation on
      238Pu retention, some plants were maintained out of doors while others were
      maintained in a greenhouse. Plants maintained in the greenhouse showed no
      statistically significant reduction in 238Pu contents. Plants maintained outside
      showed 238Pu loss rates consistent with the 14-day retention half-times typically
      used in radiological assessments. The data analysis of outside plants was
      complicated by the occurrence of samples with nondetectable 238Pu contents.

PMID- 4066340
TI  - Transfer of 137Cs and 60Co in a waste retention pond with emphasis on aquatic
      insects.
AB  - The objectives of this research were (1) to analyze the transfers of 137Cs and
      60Co in a retention pond, with emphasis on aquatic insects and (2) to determine
      if detectable concentrations of these radionuclides are exported by emerging
      aquatic insects. We analyzed the radionuclide concentrations in the following
      components: water solution, bottom sediments, suspended particulate matter,
      plankton, floating mats of filamentous algae, benthic macroinvertebrates, and
      emerging aquatic insects. Samples were collected quarterly from June 1981 to
      April 1982. The lowest concentrations (in picocuries per milliliter) occurred in
      solution (range: 1.4 X 10(2) to 3.2 X 10(2) for 137Cs and 8.1 X 10(-1) to 2.2 X
      10(0) for 60Co). The highest concentrations (in picocuries per gram dry weight)
      occurred in the sediments (range: 1.5 X 10(4) to 1.1 X 10(8) for 137Cs and 1.0 X
      10(2) to 4.3 X 10(6) for 60Co). The primary producers and aquatic insect
      consumers had concentrations of both radionuclides that were two to four orders
      of magnitude higher than the respective concentrations dissolved in water but two
      to three orders of magnitude lower than the concentrations in the sediments. The
      concentrations of both radionuclides decreased successively at higher trophic
      levels. There were considerable temporal variations as the radionuclides cycled
      among the abiotic and biotic components of the pond. Emerging adult aquatic
      insects had lower concentrations of both radionuclides than the immature stages
      that lived in the pond (adult/immature ratio about 0.25). Because the emerging
      adult insects contain detectable concentrations of radionuclides, have relatively
      long life spans, and disperse away from the aquatic habitat, we conclude that
      adult aquatic insects would be effective biological monitors.

PMID- 4066341
TI  - Skin exposure to I blocks thyroid uptake of 131I.
AB  - Radioisotopes of I pose an important health risk to man in nuclear accidents
      associated with electric power generation due to their uptake by the thyroid
      glands. Topical application of tincture of I or povidone-iodine to the skin of
      rats has been found to be as effective as oral administration of potassium iodide
      in blocking thyroid uptake of parenterally administered 131I. If the same
      effectiveness can be demonstrated in humans, this may be an attractive
      alternative method of mass protection from radioisotopes of I following nuclear
      accidents.

PMID- 4066342
TI  - Determination of 99Tc in urine by liquid scintillation counting to evaluate
      internal contamination.
AB  - A practical method is described which allows the radiochemical determination of
      99Tc in urine. The radionuclide is recovered as tetraphenylarsonium pertechnetate
      by coprecipitation with tetraphenylarsonium perchlorate and its activity is
      counted by the liquid scintillation technique. The lower limit of detection,
      assumed equal to three standard deviations of the blank activity, is about 2 pCi
      in 50 ml of urine and permits an evaluation of an internal contamination of one
      investigation level even four months after intake. The urinary excretion function
      of 99Tc is calculated from experimental data reported in the literature for 99mTc
      and is used to establish derived investigation levels on the basis of annual
      limits on intake recommended by the International Commission on Radiological
      Protection. The illustrated method is sensitive enough to perform accurate
      evaluations every three months, a frequency suitable for radiological protection
      of workers.

PMID- 4066343
TI  - An evaluation of the external radiation exposure dosimetry and calculation of
      maximum permissible concentration values for airborne materials containing 18F,
      15O, 13N, 11C and 133Xe.
AB  - To better understand the dose equivalent (D.E.) rates produced by airborne
      releases of gaseous positron-emitting radionuclides under various conditions of
      cloud size, a study of the external radiation exposure dosimetry of these
      radionuclides, as well as negatron, gamma and x-ray emitting 133Xe, was
      undertaken. This included a calculation of the contributions to D.E. as a
      function of cloud radii, at tissue depths of 0.07 mm (skin), 3 mm (lens of eye)
      and 10 mm (whole body) from both the particulate and photon radiations emitted by
      these radionuclides. Estimates of maximum permissible concentration (MPC) values
      were also calculated based on the calculated D.E. rates and current regulations
      for personnel radiation protection (CFR84). Three continuous air monitors,
      designed for use with 133Xe, were evaluated for applications in monitoring air
      concentrations of the selected positron emitters. The results indicate that for a
      given radionuclide and for a cloud greater than a certain radius, personnel
      radiation dosimeters must respond acceptably to only the photon radiations
      emitted by the radionuclide to provide acceptable personnel dosimetry. For clouds
      under that radius, personnel radiation dosimeters must also respond acceptably to
      the positron or negatron radiations to provide acceptable personnel dosimetry. It
      was found that two out of the three air concentration monitors may be useful for
      monitoring air concentrations of the selected positron emitters.

PMID- 4066344
TI  - A high-sensitivity Rn detector incorporating a particle generator.
AB  - A particle generator has been incorporated into a two-filter Rn detector to
      eliminate plate-out, thus increasing the number of Rn progeny collected on the
      outlet filter. Recording the activity of this filter by a zinc sulphide screen
      and photomultiplier has enabled Rn levels as low as 0.05 Bq m-3 to be detected.
      The theory of operation of the detector and details of the design of a 2-m3
      detector are presented, and its performance discussed.

PMID- 4066345
TI  - Reduction of 85Sr, 137Cs, 131I and 141Ce retention in rats by simultaneous oral
      administration of calcium alginate, ferrihexacyanoferrate(II), KI and Zn-DTPA.
AB  - The effect of simultaneous oral administration of a mixture of calcium alginate,
      ferrihexacyanoferrate(II) and KI and of the chelating agent zinc
      diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (Zn-DTPA) on the retention of radioactive Sr, Cs,
      I and Ce was investigated in 7-week-old female rats. The respective antidotes
      were administered in food during the first three days of the experiment and the
      radionuclides were administered on the second day of the experiment. The
      radionuclide retention was determined in the whole body, carcass, gut, liver,
      kidneys and respective critical organs six days after oral administration of
      85Sr, 137Cs, 131I and intraperitoneal administration of 141Ce and one day after
      oral administration of 141Ce. Simultaneous oral administration of the four
      therapeutic agents reduced the retention of radioactive Sr, Cs and I administered
      orally and Ce applied intraperitoneally. Zn-DTPA did not diminish efficacy of
      antidotes from the mixture nor did the mixture significantly alter the effect of
      Zn-DTPA. Simultaneous oral administration of calcium alginate,
      ferrihexacyanoferrate(II), KI and Zn-DTPA might present a convenient method for
      delayed therapy especially in cases of prolonged increased environmental exposure
      to several radionuclides.

PMID- 4066346
TI  - Gastrointestinal absorption of Np in rats.
AB  - The effect of Np mass and the acidity of the administered Np solutions as well as
      the age, sex and nutritional status of the animals injected or gavaged with 239Np
      or 237Np were determined. The latter factor proved to be dominant for absorption
      of Np from the gut. Thus in fasting weanling and young adult male rats, the
      absorption of 239Np was sixfold higher (0.18% and 0.12%, respectively) than in
      fed ones (0.03% and 0.02%, respectively). Absorption by fasted adult females was
      0.05% of the administered 239Np, about half of that of adult males. Raising the
      Np-mass gavaged to fasted female rats to 1 and 10 mg 237Np/kg resulted in an
      absorption of 0.23% and 0.26%, respectively. Thus, an increased absorption of Np
      in adult rats seems to be expected only if a large mass is ingested. No
      dependence of the absorption of Np on nitric acid concentration was found. The
      data obtained after oral administration of 238Pu and 239Np to adult rats suggest
      that the f1 factor recommended by the ICRP for fractional absorption of soluble
      Np compounds from the gut should be decreased, whereas the f1 factor for soluble
      Pu compounds should be raised.

PMID- 4066347
TI  - Production of element correction factors for thermoluminescent dosimeters.
AB  - Approximately 80 processors of personal dosimetry in the United States use
      thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). Recent demands that dosimetry processors be
      able to measure radiation doses to within +/- 50% of the correct value have
      focused attention on the reproducibility of the TL elements within each TLD. The
      phosphors for these TLDs are manufactured by three companies. A dosimetry
      processor faces three options concerning the quality of the TL elements
      purchased; trust the supplier's quality control program, screen new TL elements
      and discard those that are extremely bad, or use element correction factors
      (ECFs). The first option results in dosimetry processors failing the +/- 50%
      accuracy requirement due to excessive variability among the TL elements. The
      second option still permits large precision errors that come close to the +/- 50%
      accuracy requirement. This paper advocates the third option and presents a 10
      step procedure to produce ECFs. The procedure ensures that the ECFs represent
      only variations among the TL elements and not variations caused by stability
      problems with the TLD reader. Following is an example of ECF production for 3000
      TLDs.

PMID- 4066348
TI  - A radiobiological basis for setting neutron radiation safety standards.
AB  - Present neutron standards, adopted more than 20 yr ago from a weak
      radiobiological data base, have been in doubt for a number of years and are
      currently under challenge. Moreover, recent dosimetric re-evaluations indicate
      that Hiroshima neutron doses may have been much lower than previously thought,
      suggesting that direct data for neutron-induced cancer in humans may in fact not
      be available. These recent developments make it urgent to determine the extent to
      which neutron cancer risk in man can be estimated from data that are available.
      Two approaches are proposed here that are anchored in particularly robust
      epidemiological and experimental data and appear most likely to provide reliable
      estimates of neutron cancer risk in man. The first approach uses gamma-ray dose
      response relationships for human carcinogenesis, available from Nagasaki
      (Hiroshima data are also considered), together with highly characterized neutron
      and gamma-ray data for human cytogenetics. When tested against relevant
      experimental data, this approach either adequately predicts or somewhat
      overestimates neutron tumorigenesis (and mutagenesis) in animals. The second
      approach also uses the Nagasaki gamma-ray cancer data, but together with neutron
      RBEs from animal tumorigenesis studies. Both approaches give similar results and
      provide a basis for setting neutron radiation safety standards. They appear to be
      an improvement over previous approaches, including those that rely on highly
      uncertain "maximum" neutron RBEs and unnecessary extrapolations of gamma-ray data
      to very low doses. Results suggest that, at the presently accepted neutron dose
      limit of 0.5 rad/yr, the cancer mortality risk to radiation workers is not very
      different from accidental mortality risks to workers in various nonradiation
      occupations. The neutron dose estimated to produce 2.5% lifetime risk (maximum
      radiation-induced risk presently accepted by the ICRP and NCRP for occupational
      exposure) is in the range 10-156 rad; the most probable dose is 30 rad, which is
      not very different from 25 rad, the presently accepted lifetime dose limit for
      fast neutrons.

PMID- 4066349
TI  - Experimental determination of conversion factors between organ doses and measured
      quantities for external photon irradiation.
AB  - For external photon radiation, conversion factors between organ doses and the
      quantities normally measured in radiation protection were determined
      experimentally using an anthropomorphic phantom and thermoluminescent dosimeters.
      The measurements were made for different energies and irradiation geometries. As
      normalization quantities, the exposure measured in free air and the dose
      equivalent in soft tissue measured at a personal dosimeter site were used. The
      results are compared with conversion factors calculated by other authors.

PMID- 4066350
TI  - A proposed modification of the cavity theory for electrons.
AB  - An empirical expression of cavity theory for electron fields is developed in a
      fashion similar to Burlin's general theory of cavity ionization for photons. It
      incorporates a term that relates the absorbed dose ratio in the cavity and
      material medium to the differences in electron scattering. This new expression
      correlates very well with experimental observations for progressively increasing
      LiF cavity sizes embedded in different media, the energy response of LiF at high
      electron energies relative to 60Co and the absorbed dose conversion factors CE in
      the ionization chamber dosimetry of electron beams.

PMID- 4066351
TI  - Commercial aviation crewmember radiation doses.

PMID- 4066352
TI  - Risks associated with exposure to radiation: science, pseudoscience and opinion.

PMID- 4066353
TI  - Evaluation of a high-resolution room temperature Si detector for use in clinical
      health physics.

PMID- 4066354
TI  - Comparison of radiation exposures between conventional and rare-earth screen/film
      systems.

PMID- 4066356
TI  - Dose calibrator linearity--a regulatory requirement.

PMID- 4066355
TI  - Directional response of the Andersson-Braun rem meter in a medical accelerator
      treatment room.

PMID- 4066357
TI  - Rapid screening methods for the analysis of Pu or Am in urine.

PMID- 4066358
TI  - A possible hazard: pressure build-up in sealed ampoules of radionuclides in
      aqueous solution.

PMID- 4066359
TI  - A simple method for checking an instrument response at 2.75-MeV photon energy.

PMID- 4066360
TI  - Detection of 60Co in charcoal cartridges used for airborne radioiodine
      collection.

PMID- 4066361
TI  - Evaluation by alpha-track detectors of Rn concentrations and f values in the
      natural environment.

PMID- 4066362
TI  - Occupational exposure to Rn in non-uranium mines in the European community.

PMID- 4066363
TI  - Staffieri's procedure revisited.
AB  - Our long-term experience with Staffieri's procedure in 42 patients is presented.
      Our results were evaluated regarding voice production, aspiration problems, and
      pharyngocutaneous fistula formation. Approximately 50% of the patients were
      successfully rehabilitated. Twenty-five percent of the patients did not use the
      neoglottis for speech production, mostly because of stenosis of the neoglottis.
      The remaining 25% had serious aspiration problems that needed treatment. It was
      striking that half of these patients initially benefitted from the Staffieri
      procedure and had no aspiration problems. These 42 patients were compared with a
      group of 43 patients who underwent conventional total laryngectomy in the same
      period. After total laryngectomy and Staffieri's procedure, greater than 35% of
      the patients had a pharyngocutaneous fistula, while after conventional total
      laryngectomy the fistula rate was less than 20%. The average postoperative stay
      in the hospital was longer in the Staffieri group. In the long run, the results
      of this surgical technique do not justify its further use, especially after
      previous radiotherapy.

PMID- 4066365
TI  - The need for elective irradiation of occult lymphatic metastases from cancers of
      the larynx and pyriform sinus.
AB  - The incidence of palpable and occult cancer and the absence of cancer in lymph
      nodes were determined for individual sites in the larynx and pharynx of 540
      patients who underwent neck dissection. The incidence of palpable cancer in lymph
      nodes was lowest for cancers of the central supraglottis and transglottis (32
      41%), intermediate for cancers of the marginal supraglottis and glossoepiglottis
      (48-57%), and highest for cancers of the pyriform sinus (69%). The incidence of
      occult cancer in lymph nodes for individual sites in the larynx and pharynx was
      determined by pathologic study of neck dissection specimens from 253 patients
      without palpable lymph nodes (NO neck). The incidence of occult lymphatic
      metastases in the NO neck and the need for elective neck irradiation were least
      for cancers of the transglottis and central supraglottis (14-16%), intermediate
      for cancers of the glossoepiglottis and the marginal supraglottis (20-38%), and
      greatest for cancers of the pyriform sinus (47%). The risk of nodal recurrence
      increased from 8% for those without cancer in lymph nodes to 38% for those with
      occult or palpable cancer in lymph nodes. A policy of observing the NO neck in
      patients with a low incidence of occult lymphatic metastases and a low risk of
      neck recurrence to avoid the unnecessary irradiation of many to benefit a few is
      discussed.

PMID- 4066364
TI  - A dramatic complication of peroral fiberoptic endoscopy.
AB  - The advent of the flexible fiberoptic gastroscope has revolutionized clinical
      gastroenterology. The morbidity and mortality rates with flexible fiberoptic
      endoscopes are comparable to those associated with rigid and semirigid scopes.
      Insufflation devices are routinely used with flexible fiberoptic scopes. This may
      lead to complications, differing from those associated with rigid endoscopy. A
      case involving an insufflation injury to the piriform sinus is presented. The
      pathophysiology of insufflation injuries and their management are discussed.

PMID- 4066366
TI  - Partial palatomaxillary core ostectomy with multiple flap reconstruction.
AB  - Epidermoid carcinoma of the hard palate has most commonly been treated by
      surgical procedures such as total maxillectomy, hemimaxillectomy, palatectomy,
      intraoral maxillectomy, and local resection, which leaves the patient with
      problems of velopharyngeal incompetence, oral-nasal or oral-antral fistula, or an
      inability to wear a denture. This article describes a surgical procedure that
      uses a partial core palatomaxillary ostectomy for ablation and multiple buccal
      and palatal flaps for primary closure, thereby avoiding these postoperative
      problems.

PMID- 4066367
TI  - High resolution computed tomography: Part 6. Craniofacial Paget's disease and
      fibrous dysplasia.

PMID- 4066368
TI  - Revascularization of jejunum is a practical technique.

PMID- 4066370
TI  - [Swiss Society for Urology. 40th annual meeting. 8-10 November 1984, Lugano].

PMID- 4066371
TI  - [Dysplasias and carcinomas in situ of the urothelium].

PMID- 4066369
TI  - New test series for the functional evaluation of oral cavity cancer.
AB  - There are few studies that have addressed themselves to measuring speech,
      swallowing function and the "quality of life" of patients that have been treated
      for oral cavity cancer. The goal of this study was to develop a test series to
      assess the oral cavity function and the general health of patients treated for
      oral cavity cancer. The results of 51 patients treated for oral cavity cancer
      will be compared by the site and stage of the lesion, as well as by treatment
      mode. In addition, the functional results achieved by different reconstructive
      techniques in the oral cavity will be presented. Radiotherapy patients as a group
      have the best speech and swallowing function while the patients treated with
      combined therapy have the worst function. In the surgical group, those patients
      treated with intraoral skin grafts had the best speech results and those with
      primary closures had the best swallowing performance.

PMID- 4066372
TI  - [Detection of carcinoma in situ of the bladder using TPA antibodies].

PMID- 4066373
TI  - [Value of urothelial dysplasia within the scope of bladder mapping].

PMID- 4066374
TI  - [Value of bladder irrigation cytology in the evaluation of microhematuria].

PMID- 4066375
TI  - [Superficial papillary bladder cancer and carcinoma in situ].

PMID- 4066376
TI  - [Experimental and initial clinical experiences with integral photoradiotherapy of
      multifocal bladder cancer and carcinoma in situ following tumor-selective
      photosensitization with hematoporphyrin derivative].

PMID- 4066377
TI  - [Nonoperative treatment of ureteral calculi].

PMID- 4066378
TI  - [Percutaneous litholapaxy: a routine method?].

PMID- 4066379
TI  - [Modern strategy of cystine calculus treatment].

PMID- 4066380
TI  - [Personal experience with percutaneous calculus removal].

PMID- 4066381
TI  - [Diagnosis in urinary calculus disease. Use of the purine stress test for the
      detection of latent hyperuricemia].

PMID- 4066382
TI  - [When does allopurinol treatment fail in recurring calcium lithiasis?].

PMID- 4066383
TI  - [Microcancer of the prostate].

PMID- 4066384
TI  - [Association of adenocarcinoma of the prostate with transitional carcinoma of the
      bladder].

PMID- 4066385
TI  - [Complications of partial nephrectomy for kidney tumors].

PMID- 4066387
TI  - [Occupational politics].

PMID- 4066386
TI  - [Therapeutic procedure in kidney tumors of uncertain importance].

PMID- 4066388
TI  - [Open craniocerebral injuries].

PMID- 4066389
TI  - [Liver abscesses--clinical aspects and surgical therapy].

PMID- 4066390
TI  - [Pain syndromes and post-traumatic lesions of the brachial plexus. Study of the
      effect of surgical repair on the pain syndrome in 211 operated patients with post
      traumatic lesions caused by avulsion or rupture of the brachial plexus].

PMID- 4066391
TI  - Lerner's concept of developmental homeostasis and the problem of heterozygosity
      level in natural populations.
AB  - In recent years adherents of the neutral mutation hypothesis have conducted a
      variety of statistical tests concerning the applicability of their theory to data
      of biochemical genetic polymorphism in natural populations. From the other side,
      the involvement of natural selection as a main evolutionary force responsible for
      the observed levels of polymorphism and heterozygosity have also been proposed in
      numerous field studies and theoretical considerations. However, none of these
      hypotheses completely and satisfactorily explains the collected data. We believe
      that one of the main causes of the discrepancy in theories is that the
      variability at each locus is considered independently in both of the above
      mentioned approaches. Yet, it was suggested long ago, and now there is an
      increasing amount of evidence indicating cooperation between different loci which
      can influence the variability at each of them. Thus we think that the use of
      models considering the genome as a suit of independent genes is a priori expected
      to decrease the efficacy of the approximation. In the present review we attempt
      to draw attention to findings of interdependence of the variability of different
      characters and its possible limiting action on the growth of genetic diversity in
      natural populations. We do not try to give a universal explanation for the
      processes acting in populations and determining levels of heterozygosity.
      However, to our mind, the solution of the discussed question requires
      consideration of genes in their interactions.

PMID- 4066392
TI  - Quantitative determination of buprenorphine in human plasma by high-performance
      liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4066393
TI  - Secretion of pressor amounts of vasopressin in experimentally hypertensive rats.

PMID- 4066394
TI  - Reactivity of the serum from A-bomb survivors with the tissues of stomach, liver
      and kidney of normal rats.

PMID- 4066395
TI  - Endemic Kaposi's sarcoma vs. Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS: a brief communication.

PMID- 4066396
TI  - Effects of nonionic detergents on mycobacteriophage Bo 20 and some
      characterization of the phage adsorption to Mycobacterium diernhoferi.

PMID- 4066397
TI  - Cytoprotective activity of components of garlic, ginseng and ciuwjia on
      hepatocyte injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in vitro.

PMID- 4066398
TI  - Study of genetic effects of sulphur mustard gas on former workers of Ohkunojima
      Poison Gas Factory and their offspring.

PMID- 4066399
TI  - A re-examination of the toxicity test for water pollutants.

PMID- 4066400
TI  - Acute toxicity of 14 different kinds of metals affecting medaka fry.

PMID- 4066401
TI  - The influence of truncal vagotomy on acute gastric mucosal lesion in obstructive
      jaundice.

PMID- 4066402
TI  - Changes in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis systems after Hassab's procedure
      for portal hypertension.

PMID- 4066403
TI  - Pulmonary cyst.

PMID- 4066404
TI  - Effects of vitamin E deficiency on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced intestinal
      carcinogenesis in rats.

PMID- 4066405
TI  - The ultrastructural localization of lysosomal acid hydrolases in developing
      oocytes of the common marine mussel Mytilus edulis.
AB  - Azo dye techniques were used to investigate the ultrastructural localization of
      lysosomal acid hydrolases in ovarian oocytes of the common marine mussel Mytilus
      edulis. The enzymes were arylsulphatase, beta-glucuronidase, nonspecific
      esterase, N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase and acid phosphatase. For arylsulphatase,
      the azo dye technique was compared with an alternative method using nitrocatechol
      sulphate as the substrate and barium as the capturing ion. Activity of all the
      enzymes was found to be associated with the yolk granules and with pinocytotic
      phenomena which were observed along the basal membrane of developing oocytes.
      Activity was also found to be associated with resorption of atretic oocytes.

PMID- 4066406
TI  - Cytochemical determination of acid phosphatase activity in isolated rat
      hepatocytes during starvation-induced proteolysis.
AB  - Acid phosphatase activity in isolated rat liver parenchymal cells has been
      investigated with quantitative histochemical means during short-term starvation,
      which leads to a considerable loss in protein mass in the parenchyma. Animals
      trained to a meal-feeding regime in which food was available during 1 h only per
      24 h (using an automatic food dispensing machine), were sacrificed 6, 12, 18, 24
      and 36 h after food had been withheld at the time point (23.00 h) of meal
      feeding. Acid phosphatase activity was analysed cytophotometrically in isolated
      hepatocytes incorporated into polyacrylamide gels before the enzyme reaction
      technique with the post-azo coupling was carried out. No indication could be
      found for any significant changes in the amount of acid phosphatase activity per
      individual hepatocyte during the entire period of fasting, as compared with two
      time points (11.00 and 23.00 h) before the theoretical onset of fasting. It is
      concluded that the considerable enhancement of protein degradation in the
      lysosomal apparatus during fasting is not reflected by changes in the cellular
      acid phosphatase activity.

PMID- 4066407
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of chromogranin: a potential marker for the electron
      microscopical recognition of endocrine cell secretory granules.
AB  - Using a monoclonal antibody (LK2H10) directed against human chromogranin, we have
      been able to localize this soluble glycoprotein to the matrix of secretory
      granules from a wide variety of endocrine cells. In the gut, enterochromaffin,
      enteroglucagon, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, gastrin, and
      neurotensin-containing cells exhibit chromogranin immunoreactivity. In our
      system, chromogranin-immunoreactive material was restricted to the halo of human
      pancreatic glucagon-containing secretory granules within A-cells. Chromogranin
      immunoreactivity was also localized to secretory granules in phaeochromocytomas,
      gastrinomas, medullary carcinomas of the thyroid and a carotid body tumour
      (chemodectoma). Chromogranin is proposed as a potential marker for the
      ultrastructural recognition of endocrine cell secretory granules.

PMID- 4066408
TI  - Reaction rate studies of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in sections
      of rat liver using four tetrazolium salts.
AB  - The reaction rate of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in liver sections
      from fed and starved rats has been monitored by the continuous measurement at 37
      degrees C of the reaction product as it is formed using scanning and integrating
      microdensitometry. Control media lacked either substrate or both substrate and
      coenzyme. All reactions were nonlinear; however, subtraction of either of the
      controls from the test response produced linearity. Differing responses in
      sections of livers from fed and fasted rats indicate that the appropriate control
      medium for use in the assay of this dehydrogenase is one lacking both substrate
      and coenzyme rather than a medium containing coenzyme. The reaction rate was the
      same with each of the final acceptors. Problems with the diffusion of the
      formazan of BPST and with the failure to precipitate the formazan of
      Neotetrazolium make Tetranitro BT and Nitro BT the tetrazolium salts of choice in
      quantitative dehydrogenase assays.

PMID- 4066409
TI  - Acetylcholinesterase activity at the synapses of presynaptic boutons with
      presumed alpha-motoneurons in chicken ventral horn. Light- and electron
      microscopic studies.
AB  - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity at the synapses of presynaptic boutons on
      presumed alpha-motoneurons in the chicken ventral horn was studied
      histochemically at the light- and electron-microscope levels. At the light
      microscope level, many dot-like AChE-active sites were observed on the soma and
      dendrites of presumed alpha-motoneurons. On electron microscopy, reaction
      products for AChE activity were observed mainly in the synaptic clefts of the
      four kinds of presynaptic boutons: (1) S type boutons, (2) boutons containing
      small, spherical, dense cored vesicles (diameter range, 60-105 nm) and spherical,
      clear vesicles, (3) boutons containing medium-sized, spherical, dense cored
      vesicles (65-115 nm) and spherical, clear vesicles, and (4) boutons containing
      large, spherical, dense cored vesicles (80-130 nm) and spherical, clear vesicles.
      In the light of previous physiological and biochemical studies, the present
      results suggest the possibility that each of these presynaptic boutons which are
      AChE-active in their synaptic clefts may contain acetylcholine, substance P, or
      enkephalins which acts as a neurotransmitter or modulator.

PMID- 4066410
TI  - Fluorescence decay measurements for determining the relative content of ethidium
      bromide to DNA in situ in cell nuclei.
AB  - A fluorometric method for the determination of the amount of ethidium bromide
      (EB) bound to DNA in situ in cell nuclei is discussed. Even when the EB content
      was very small, the molar ratio of DNA-phosphorus (DNA-p) to dye (P/D ratio)
      could be estimated by measuring the lifetime of the transient fluorescence of the
      EB-DNA complex as a function of the P/D ratio. To examine the relationship
      between the fluorescence intensity, lifetime, and P/D ratio, polyacrylamide gel
      film containing 4.7 mM DNA-p was used as a model DNA tissue, and its fluorescence
      was measured using a nanosecond microfluorometer. The fluorescence intensity
      showed a maximum at P/D = 6. The fluorescence lifetime increased with the P/D
      ratio, and this was accompanied by a proportional increase in the quantum
      efficiency. Thus, the lifetime value was an effective parameter for the
      determination of the P/D ratio in situ in tissue. When this approach was applied
      to tissue sections of mouse liver treated with solutions of EB at concentrations
      of 10 and 50 micrograms/ml, the fluorescence lifetimes on cell nuclei were 18.9
      and 17.4 ns with P/D ratios of 20 and 12, respectively, as based on the model
      tissue experiments. When the P/D ratio was 20, the concentration of EB in the
      nucleus was approximately 1.5 mM, i.e., 60 times higher than that in the staining
      solution.

PMID- 4066412
TI  - Effects of methylmercury on the lipid composition in guinea pigs.

PMID- 4066411
TI  - Study on membrane recycling in the rat visceral yolk-sac endoderm using
      concanavalin-A conjugates.
AB  - The internalization and intracellular movements of apical-cell-membrane material
      were investigated in the endodermal cells of cultured visceral yolk-sacs of rats
      (whole-embryo culture; explanted at 10.5 days of gestation and cultured for 24 h)
      using horseradish peroxidase- and ferritin-labelled concanavalin A (Con-A HRP,
      Con-A Fer). When visceral yolk-sac endoderm was exposed to Con-A HRP or Con-A Fer
      for 5 min at 4 degrees C, the apical cell membranes containing a well-developed
      fuzzy coat were heavily labelled, whereas apical vacuoles, lysosomes and apical
      canaliculi were not. Incubation of Con-A-labelled endoderm for 5-60 min at 20
      degrees and 37 degrees C in Con-A-free serum resulted in a temperature-dependent
      internalization of membrane-bound lectin into coated vesicles, apical vacuoles
      and lysosomes, and the apical cell membranes were cleared of the heavy labelling.
      With increasing incubation time, the number of labelled vacuolar structures and
      the intensity of their labelling decreased gradually, whereas the number of
      labelled apical canaliculi increased. Thus, after 30 and 60 min at 37 degrees C,
      most of the apical canaliculi contained high concentrations of the markers. It
      was possible to observe labelled apical canaliculi that were in continuity with
      labelled apical vacuoles and lysosomes as well as with the apical cell membrane.
      These findings in rat endodermal cells indicate that constituents of the apical
      cell membrane are internalized in apical vacuoles and lysosomes, and are then
      brought back to the apical cell membrane by the apical canaliculi, which
      concentrate and store this membrane material.

PMID- 4066413
TI  - Organic solvent exposure in small scale industries in north-east Japan.

PMID- 4066414
TI  - Effect of cadmium exposure on lipids, lipid peroxidation and metal distribution
      in rat brain regions.

PMID- 4066415
TI  - Subacute effects of methyl bromide dosed by inhalation exposure to rats.

PMID- 4066416
TI  - Composition of urinary metabolites and variation of urinary taurine levels in
      rats injected with chlorobenzene.

PMID- 4066417
TI  - [Adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands. The pathohistology and subclassification
      of 77 cases].
AB  - Seventy-seven adenocarcinomas of the salivary glands recorded in the Salivary
      Gland Register between 1965 and 1984 were analysed and classified
      histopathologically. The following results were obtained: 1. 2% of all salivary
      gland tumours and 10% of all malignant epithelial salivary gland tumours were
      allotted to the group of adenocarcinomas. The age peak lies in the 7th to 8th
      decade. 60% occurred in women, 58.5% were localized to the parotid gland, 28.5%
      to the minor salivary glands (palate, lips, and cheek), 11.5% to the
      submandibular gland and only 1.5% to the sublingual gland. 2. Solid, tubular and
      papillary adenocarcinomas can be distinguished. Additional criteria are
      microcysts, mucus production and grade of differentiation. 3. The solid
      adenocarcinoma (13%) is predominantly localized in the parotid gland and
      characterized by a low differentiation, invasive growth and metastases. 4. 62.5%
      of tubular adenocarcinomas (52%) are localized in the parotid gland, 27.5% to the
      minor salivary glands and 10% to the submandibular gland. Most of the tumours are
      highly differentiated. A distinct mucus production is present in 40% of the
      cases. Microcysts are very frequent. 5. Papillary adenocarcinomas (28.5%) are
      localized in almost 50% of cases to the minor salivary glands, 45% to the parotid
      and only 5% to the submandibular gland. Microcysts and mucus production can be
      observed in 50% of the cases. 6.5% of the cases have a mixed tubular papillary
      structure. 6. In differential diagnosis, thyroid gland carcinomas and metastases
      of other adenocarcinomas must be distinguished, the former by negative result of
      the thyroglobulin reaction, and absent mucus production. 7. Adenocarcinomas arise
      from the salivary duct system. Solid or tubular adenocarcinomas imitate stages of
      the embryonal development of the salivary ducts.

PMID- 4066419
TI  - [Operations to improve hearing in auricular malformations. A catamnestic study of
      89 operations].
AB  - In the last 20 years 89 middle ear operations were performed on 71 patients with
      unilateral or bilateral microtia (grade II or III). The methods and the results
      are described and discussed. In 79.5% we produced a wide auditory canal and
      achieved an overall hearing gain of 17 dB. We usually do not carry out middle ear
      surgery in unilateral atresia. In bilateral atresia the child is fitted with a
      bone conduction hearing aid as soon as possible and is operated on at the age of
      4 or 5 years. After middle ear surgery we reconstruct the auricle at an age of 5
      or 6 years. If necessary these children are then fitted with an air conduction
      hearing aid.

PMID- 4066418
TI  - [Animal bite injuries in the head and neck area and their care].
AB  - Animal bites in the head and neck vary in severity. Surgical treatment depends on
      the size, extent and site of the wound. Straightforward injuries need only to be
      cleaned and disinfected or may require simple surgery. Extensive, complex bites
      must be treated by the techniques of plastic-reconstructive surgery. Good
      cosmetic results can only be achieved in this way. Lacerations should be treated
      immediately. Bites with loss of tissue can be treated immediately by flaps, skin
      or composite grafts or revascularised flaps. Usually however, the wound is
      covered by gauze impregnated with ointment or artificial skin. Two to three weeks
      after granulation the lesion is reconstructed. An anti-tetanus injection must be
      given for every animal bite. Simple bites do not require antibiotics, but
      extensive wounds do. The indication for rabies vaccination is described and
      questions concerning the treatment of injuries caused by rabid or suspected-rabid
      animals are clearly explained.

PMID- 4066421
TI  - [What average hearing gains can be expected at present with children wearing
      hearing aids?].
AB  - The narrow band noise-audiometric free-field hearing threshold of hearing aids
      encloses at least some of the essential part of the acoustic language field even
      in marked unisensory infant hearing impairment. Thus auditive promotion is to be
      preferred even in "deaf" children compared to optic-tactile aids. This has an
      advantage for language development and also has consequences for the method of
      training. Statistical evaluation of the pure tone and narrow band noise
      audiometric data allows conclusions to be drawn about the quality of hearing aids
      adjustment and especially about the importance of the medium pure tone
      audiometric hearing thresholds limit at 70-75 dB.

PMID- 4066420
TI  - [Tragal perichondrium and cartilage in tympanoplasty. A report on 2500 operations
      by an established ENT physician].
AB  - The operations were almost always performed under local anaesthesia. The
      procedure, which is bloodless and painless, is described in detail. The material
      is taken via an endaural incision and causes little trauma. Tragal perichondrium,
      which can be reinforced by adherent cartilage, is suitable for apposition to
      manubrium and to the anterior tympanic sulcus due to inherent properties such as
      bradytrophia, natural concavity and the absence of contraction or swelling.
      Autologous cartilage was usually used for interpositions. The results were
      satisfactory with respect to healing and function. There were 3.25% perforations,
      and 6.7% (n = 283) in subtotal tympanic membrane defects. In cholesteatoma
      operations the recurrence was only 5%; this may be due to the prevalence of small
      cholesteatomas and the almost constant use of an open technique. A socially
      acceptable hearing level (less than or equal to 35 dB) was obtained in 62.7% in
      the short term.

PMID- 4066422
TI  - [Problems in the expert evaluation of sound-induced injuries from the last war].
AB  - When making an expert assessment of war injuries to the ear only presenting
      recently a detailed clarification of the trauma and of any illness trauma or
      intoxication the applicant has suffered or received since the end of the war must
      be ascertained and taken into account. The probability required by the legislator
      for a correlation between those incidents 39 to 45 years ago and these injuries
      must be explained convincingly.

PMID- 4066423
TI  - [A special case of multiple hemangiomas in the head and neck area: a variation of
      the Maffucci syndrome?].
AB  - A 21-year-old patient with multiple hemangiomas in the mouth and in the skin of
      the neck and a simultaneous enchondromatosis in the hands is described. This
      congenital mesodermal dysplasia cannot be classified under known syndromes. It is
      named after Angelo Maffucci and is a combination of an enchondromatosis and
      multiple haemangiomatosis. Maffucci described this syndrome in 1881. After the
      presentation of the syndrome and differential diagnostic considerations of other
      diseases belonging to the neurocutaneous group of dysplasia, the author attempts
      to classify the patient described.

PMID- 4066424
TI  - Frontal lobes and the temporal organization of memory.
AB  - Evidence for a major involvement of the frontal cortex in various aspects of the
      temporal organization of memory has emerged from the study of patients who had
      sustained a unilateral frontal- or temporal-lobe excision for the control of
      cerebral seizures. It has now been established that the frontal cortex
      participates in judgements of the temporal order of recent events and of their
      frequency of occurrence, as well as in the planning and monitoring of the
      execution of self-determined sequences of responses. Some differential effects
      related to the side of the lesion were observed, these depending both on the
      nature of the stimulus material used and on the special demands of the task.

PMID- 4066425
TI  - Timing function of the frontal cortex in sequential motor and learning tasks.
AB  - The timing aspects of human frontal lobe function are discussed in the light of
      the results of three experiments on movement-related cerebral potentials.
      Experiment I is based on use of a sequential tracking task and experiment II a
      motor learning task; experiment III deals with frontal hemispheric specialisation
      by comparing self-initiated writing and drawing. The Bereitschaftspotential (BP)
      preceding voluntary movement is maximum over the supplementary motor area (SMA)
      for all movements, including finger, toe, speech, and eye movements, regardless
      of each movement's different localisation in the brain, e.g., motor cortex,
      temporal lobe, or midbrain. The assumption that all motor events are governed by
      the primary (rolandic) motor cortex is erroneous. The motor system is widely
      decentralised. It is only when this decentralization is recognized that the close
      temporal association between the onset of all movements and the preceding
      Bereitschaftspotential in the SMA can be understood. A plausible explanation
      would be that the SMA decides on the starting time of all the various movements.
      The frontal function of motivation is not a single entity but has several
      subfunctions. It has to decide what to do, how to do and when to do. The latter
      is probably the task of the SMA. A comparison of different motivational
      situations makes this clear. In the usual BP paradigm, such as self-initiated
      simple finger or eye movements, only the SMA becomes active among all the frontal
      areas. If, however, motivation is required to modify motor programs in motor
      learning, as it is in experiment II, the entire convexity of the frontal lobe
      shows a large surface-negative potential, the amplitude of which reveals a
      significant positive correlation with the success in learning. On the other hand,
      in experiment I, which uses a manual pursuit-movement task requiring attention to
      unpredictable changes in stimulus direction but providing a fixed time for these
      changes (so that their timing is foreseeable), the SMA shows anticipatory
      behaviour; it takes the form of a large negative potential which ceases 0.5 s
      prior to the end of the directed-attention potential over parietooccipital areas.
      In other words, in this special situation, where the SMA can anticipate the onset
      of movement, it seems to delegate the final execution of the movement to the
      cortical area most specialised for it, in this case the parietooccipital cortex.
      The supervision of the tasks concerning what to do and how to do may be provided
      mainly by the orbital cortex and the frontolateral cortex, respectively (Kleist
      1934).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4066426
TI  - Cortical organization of voluntary behavior in man.
AB  - The research on regional changes in metabolism and blood flow in the human
      cerebral cortex during physiological activations is reviewed, with special
      reference to the significance of these changes for the organization of voluntary
      behavior. The only difference between cortical metabolic increases associated
      with voluntary behavior and cortical metabolic increases not associated with
      voluntary behavior was the activation of the primary motor cortex. Prior to the
      execution of any specific brain work, the brain tuned and prepared the cortical
      fields that were expected to participate in the task. This was reflected in
      metabolic increases in multiple cortical fields of a few cm2 which were then
      recruited for the task. Execution of the task increased the metabolism in those
      same cortical fields. The activated cortical fields constituted the largest
      functional elements of the cortex. If voluntary behavior was required, fields in
      the motor areas were recruited; otherwise, the organization of voluntary behavior
      did not differ from other brain work. In contrast to other cortical areas
      studied, the activation of the superior prefrontal cortex was independent on task
      specific algorithms, sensory input and motor output. Its anterior division was
      always activated in tasks that were carried out according to a prior instruction;
      the mid-division was activated when the brain fixed attention or switched it
      between different cortical fields; the posterior division was activated when the
      paradigm contained sequential contingencies. The three sections of the superior
      prefrontal cortex participated in the organization of brain work by participating
      in the recruitment and attention control of cortical fields.

PMID- 4066427
TI  - Eye movements in relation to loss and regaining of fusion of disjunctively moving
      random-dot stereograms.
AB  - Horizontal eye movements of four subjects were recorded with a scleral induction
      coil technique during dichoptic viewing of a random-dot stereogram. The
      stereogram contained two depth planes. The two half-images of the stereogram were
      slowly moved in opposite lateral directions beyond the limit of divergence;
      subsequently the movements of both images were reversed. Ocular vergence followed
      image vergence of the foveally viewed part of the stereogram during fusion.
      Binocular disparity increased beyond a certain angle of divergence. Before loss
      and after regain of fusion the same relation was found between binocular
      disparity and angle of divergence. The size of binocular disparity that did evoke
      vergence responses was limited to about 4 deg arc; this range was larger than the
      maximum amount of binocular disparity (1 to 2 deg arc) that could be fused.
      Shifts in fixation from the one depth plane to the other one were executed by
      rapid vergence movements. These vergence movements were slower than saccades but
      still exceeded the maximal velocities generally assumed for vergence.

PMID- 4066428
TI  - Dopaminergic drugs improve human visual contrast sensitivity.
AB  - Effects of dopaminergic drugs (L-dopa plus benserazide, or nomifensine) on human
      visual function have been tested in healthy volunteers by measuring the
      psychophysical contrast sensitivity for sinusoidal gratings of various spatial
      frequencies. After drug administration the contrast sensitivity improved in all
      subjects over a limited range of medium to high spatial frequencies.

PMID- 4066429
TI  - Appropriate statistical techniques urged.

PMID- 4066430
TI  - Fetal heart rate deceleration patterns during antepartum nonstress testing.

PMID- 4066431
TI  - Rhabdomyolysis of the upper extremities associated with weight lifting: report of
      a case.

PMID- 4066432
TI  - The type A behavior pattern: a review for the primary care physician.

PMID- 4066433
TI  - Primary prevention of aquatic morbidity.

PMID- 4066434
TI  - Changing trends in treatment of advanced head and neck carcinoma: review of the
      literature and report of a case.

PMID- 4066435
TI  - Acute and chronic angle-closure glaucomas: diagnostic dilemmas.

PMID- 4066436
TI  - Results of radiation treatment of medulloblastoma in adults.
AB  - From 1961 to 1982, 20 adults (greater than 16 years of age) were treated with
      radiation therapy following surgery for medulloblastoma. All patients received
      neuro-axis irradiation. Five patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. A 5- and 10
      year survival rate of 78 and 55%, respectively, were achieved. Treatment failures
      were mainly a result of local recurrences, but also of metastases. One patient
      died of acute myeloid leukemia. One patient developed paraplegia. The survival
      rate was better in males (2 deaths out of 14) than in females (5 deaths out of
      6). All the survivors are free of deficit or sequelae, except the patient with
      paraplegia.

PMID- 4066437
TI  - Parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma (including the orbit): results of orbital
      irradiation.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with parameningeal (including orbital rhabdomyosarcoma
      (RMS)) were treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) between
      July 1971 and January 1983. Twenty were children with a mean age of 6 and 3 were
      adults. In 6 patients, the primary tumor was from the orbit, whereas the
      remaining 17 had other parameningeal primary sites. The tumors were in a very
      progressive local stage, with extensive destruction of the facial bones in 19
      patients. Eight patients were treated with T2 chemotherapy protocol and 15
      received T6. Seven patients received 5,000 to 7,200 rad delivered to the primary
      tumor in 11-16 weeks, 15 patients received between 4,500 to 5,000 rad in 4-7
      weeks, and 1 patient received 3,000 rad in 3 weeks for residual microscopic
      disease following surgery. Two patients were treated with radiation to the whole
      brain; no patients received radiation of the whole central nervous axis (CNA).
      Fifteen of the 23 patients (65%) are alive and well with a medical follow-up time
      of 5 years. Two patients died of therapeutic complications and six died of tumor
      spread. In five patients, involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) was the
      cause of death. The prognosis of orbital RMS with parameningeal involvement is no
      better than in other tumors of parameningeal sites. In those patients who had
      impaired vision because of optic nerve damage prior to treatment, the vision did
      not improve following treatment. There was no impaired vision seen due to
      radiation damage of eye structures except in the lens.

PMID- 4066438
TI  - Postoperative local abdominal irradiation for cancer of the colon above the
      peritoneal reflection.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 82 patients with cancer of the colon above the
      peritoneal reflection who received postoperative local abdominal irradiation was
      undertaken to assess the survival, patterns of failure, and toxicity of
      treatment. Forty-eight patients (adjuvant group) had a complete resection, but
      were felt to be at high risk for local relapse and received postoperative local
      abdominal irradiation. Thirty-four patients had gross residual disease following
      surgery. The 5-year actuarial survival and local relapse free survival were 67
      and 67%, respectively, in the adjuvant group. In this group, local relapse was
      observed in 9 of 28 patients with Stage C disease in contrast to 3 of 20 patients
      with Stage B2 disease; 1 of 14 patients with lesions in the right colon failed
      locally compared to 11 of 35 patients with lesions in the left. Only 2 of the 34
      patients with gross residual disease remained relapse free from 93% of patients
      having a component of local failure. The majority of the treatment morbidity was
      seen in patients with gross residual disease. Prospective randomized studies
      should be done to determine the efficacy of postoperative irradiation in patients
      with colon carcinoma who are at high risk for local recurrence following surgical
      resection.

PMID- 4066439
TI  - Improving the therapeutic ratio of external beam irradiation for carcinoma of the
      prostate.
AB  - From 1975 to 1983, 240 patients with carcinoma of the prostate, Stages A2 to C,
      were treated with whole pelvic radiation followed by a 2-week rest and then a
      reduced field of radiation. The reduced prostatic field was evaluated for
      adequacy of tumor coverage by CT scan or ultrasound. The local regional control
      rate was 94%, with a 5-year actuarial survival for all stages of 72%. Severe
      complications occurred in 3% of patients and moderate complications in 13%. Two
      major factors that were identified as contributing to the risk of complications
      included previous or subsequent surgical intervention. Our technique of external
      beam radiotherapy resulted in a favorable therapeutic ratio, that is, excellent
      local-regional control with minimal morbidity.

PMID- 4066440
TI  - Carcinoma of the nasopharynx: survival and patterns of recurrence.
AB  - We have analyzed survival, disease-free (NED) survival, and patterns of
      recurrence for 76 patients with carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated from June
      1964 through July 1979. Patients with Stages I through IV, who were treated for
      cure, comprise the study group. Megavoltage teletherapy treatment was delivered
      to the primary bilateral neck and supraclavicular areas. Dose to the nasopharynx
      ranged from less than 55 Gy to 70 Gy with several patients receiving higher
      doses. The observed 5 year NED survival rates were: Stage I, 75%; Stage II, 20%;
      Stage III, 42%; and Stage IV, 31%. During a 5-year minimum follow-up for all
      patients, 46 or 60.5% failed. Ninety-five percent of these failures occurred
      within 3 years; only two patients relapsed after more than 5 years.

PMID- 4066441
TI  - Isoeffect curves for radiation-induced cardiomyopathy in the dog.
AB  - Canine hearts were irradiated with a range of total doses given in 2, 3, or 4 Gy
      per fraction. Echocardiography was done before irradiation and at 3 and 6 months
      after irradiation. Histologic analyses were done of tissues taken at necropsy 6
      months after irradiation. The percentage vascular component in the ventricles
      decreased with increasing total doses. The connective tissue component increased
      at lower doses and then decreased at higher doses. There was more fibroblastic
      proliferation and collagen production in the lower dose range and there may have
      been more cell killing by the higher doses. There was some evidence of myocardial
      hypertrophy at higher doses, which would have caused an apparent decrease in the
      connective tissue component. In either case, surviving fibroblasts would be
      expected to continue proliferating and producing collagen. At longer time
      intervals after irradiation the connective tissue component would likely continue
      to increase as observed clinically. That increase would be proportional to dose,
      but might not be closely related to initial killing of fibroblasts. Many factors
      such as changes in blood supply, continued loss of myocardium, and other stresses
      on the heart could influence the degree of fibrosis at later times. A
      relationship of response to cell killing appeared to exist based on alpha/beta
      ratios that were less than 3 Gy whether determined at the mid-range or for the
      greatest response of vasculoconnective tissues. Alpha/beta ratios ranged from 2.7
      to 5 Gy for increases in diastolic wall thickness of the left ventricle at 3 and
      6 months after irradiation. The low alpha/beta ratios reflect relatively steep
      isoeffect curves and have important implications for use of coarser fractionation
      schedules for treatment volumes that include the heart. The risk of cardiac
      damage could be significantly increased.

PMID- 4066442
TI  - Adriamycin sensitivity following "ultra" low dose rate irradiation of Lewis lung
      carcinoma in vivo.
AB  - As an extension of recent study on the response of the Lewis lung tumor to low
      dose rate continuous irradiation (CI) at 15 cGy/hr, we have gone on to
      investigate the effects of such irradiation on the sensitivity of tumor cells to
      treatment with Adriamycin (Adr). Cells from untreated tumors gave an exponential
      dose response curve to Adr in vitro, the D10 of which increased (sensitivity
      decreased) with the size of tumor (0.05 g to 0.6 g) from which the cells were
      obtained. After previous in vivo CI to a total dose of 28 Gy (irradiation time-
      186 hr), this size dependence was abolished and the cells showed an exponential
      response to Adr in vitro (D10 = 0.4 microgram/ml). The enhancement was also
      observed after equivalent doses of fractionated irradiation, but not after acute
      irradiation. It was difficult to characterize the proliferative status of the
      cells surviving irradiation, but repopulation studies showed that only after CI
      was there any delay before repopulation commenced. LL was relatively insensitive
      to Adr in vivo, however, we did observe an increased effect after previous CI.

PMID- 4066443
TI  - Solid tumor models for the assessment of different treatment modalities: XXIII. A
      new approach to the more effective utilization of radiotherapy alternated with
      chemotherapy.
AB  - This study with the rat hepatoma 3924A demonstrated the marked improvement in
      tumor cure rates and control of tumor growth that can be achieved by the addition
      of cyclophosphamide (CP) to multiple fractions of radiation per day (MFD)
      schedules given intermittently. MFD radiation was delivered over a 2-day period
      followed by CP (150 mg/kg or 0.9 g/m2) 1 day later; this combined course was
      repeated at 11-day intervals (to allow for gastrointestinal tract and bone marrow
      recovery) for a total of 3 courses over a 23-day period. Cure rates of 30, 50 and
      60% were achieved with total radiation doses of 4500, 6000 and 7500 rad,
      respectively, when the MFD radiation was given with CP. No cures and no complete
      responses were realized when the same intermittent MFD schedules for radiation
      were employed up to 9000 rad without CP. Other groups of 10 animals each were
      treated with daily fractions of 100, 150, 188, 250 and 375 rad given on days 0-9,
      11-20 and 22-31. A 150 mg/kg or 0.9 g/m2 dose of CP was given after each course
      of daily radiation on days 10, 21 and 32 in the combined treatment groups. No
      complete responses or tumor cures occurred with radiation alone given daily for
      total radiation doses, which were increased from 3000 to 11,250 rad. Only the
      highest radiation dose given, 375 rad per day to a total of 11,250 rad, resulted
      in a complete response rate and tumor cure rate of 50% when CP was added. The
      addition of CP to the daily fractionation schedules reduced the total dose needed
      to give a growth delay of 100 days by 39% (5600 rad versus 9200 rad). The
      addition of CP to the intermittent MFD schedules further reduced the total dose
      needed to give a growth delay of 100 days to 4200 rad. Major improvements in some
      types of cancer treatment may be realized if we can develop clinical protocols
      for the alternate use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy as we have done
      successfully in our experimental program. The finding that intermittent MFD
      radiation schedules are as effective as daily schedules when given alone suggests
      that greater flexibility of patient management in clinical radiotherapy may be
      possible without a major loss of therapeutic effectiveness. These alternated
      fractionated schedules offer the possibility of optimizing treatment in terms of
      patient convenience and economy as well as the potential for improving the
      effectiveness of the interaction of radiotherapy with radiosensitizers,
      radioprotectors, and hyperthermia in addition to chemotherapy.

PMID- 4066444
TI  - The influence of time sequence of cisplatin administration and continuous low
      dose rate irradiation (CLDRI) on their combined effects on a murine squamous cell
      carcinoma.
AB  - The influence of time sequence of cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (cisplatin)
      administration and continuous low dose rate irradiation (CLDRI) on their combined
      effects was studied in the SCC VII/SF tumor, a murine squamous cell carcinoma.
      Concurrent cisplatin i.p. infusion at 0.22 mg/kg/hr and CLDRI at 0.6 Gy/hr had a
      supraadditive effect on the survival of the SCC VII/SF tumor cells. Cisplatin by
      itself was more effective against the SCC VII/SF tumor when given by bolus
      injection than by continuous infusion i.p. However, when cisplatin at a dose of 6
      mg/kg was given by bolus i.p. injection either immediately before or after CLDRI,
      the combined effects on the SCC VII/SF tumor cell survival were no more than
      additive. Exposure to CLDRI at 0.6 Gy/hr for 24 hours did not sensitize the SCC
      VII/SF tumor to subsequent treatment with cisplatin. These results suggest that
      when cisplatin is combined with CLDRI, for the optimal anti-tumor effect, it is
      best to infuse the cisplatin continuously during the course of CLDRI.

PMID- 4066445
TI  - Value of computed tomography in staging the primary lesion (T-staging) of
      nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC): an analysis of 54 patients with special reference
      to the parapharyngeal space.
AB  - CT scans of the nasopharynx and the base of skull were performed in 54 patients
      with histologically proven NPC. The CT findings are compared to those obtained by
      routine clinical examination. In this series, involvement of the parapharyngeal
      spaces was found by CT scan in 61% (33/54) of patients, which is impossible to
      assess by clinical means. Intracranial invasion was demonstrated by CT scan with
      intravenous contrast enhancement in five patients. CT is more sensitive in
      showing the erosion of skull base than X ray film. CT scans demonstrated 17%
      (5/30) of bony invasion in X ray negative patients. Clinical examination showed
      one involved wall in nine patients; CT scan discovered involvement of two or more
      walls in five (55%) of these nine. Routine clinical examination discovered extra
      nasopharyngeal extensions in 34 locations, whereas CT scans discovered 106, a
      ratio of 1:3.1. The common sites of extra-nasopharyngeal extension detected by CT
      scan are: parapharyngeal space, intracranial invasion, sphenoidal sinus, orbit,
      ethmoidal sinus, maxillary antrum, oropharynx and the nasal cavity. In T-staging
      of NPC, 55% (6/11) of clinical T2 lesions are up-staged by CT. Thirty-six percent
      (4/11) of clinical T3 lesions were also up-staged. However, 94% (17/18) of
      clinical T4 lesions remained unchanged. Only 6% (1/18) of clinical T4 lesions
      were down-staged.

PMID- 4066446
TI  - Characteristics of thyroid cancer following irradiation.
AB  - Studies in humans and animals have suggested that the distribution of histologic
      types of radio-induced thyroid cancers is different from that of naturally
      occurring tumors. In an attempt to verify that finding, histologic results of 31
      patients with thyroid cancer, who had received irradiation to the head, neck or
      upper chest for other causes, were compared with those of 389 non irradiated
      patients. The two groups were homogeneous for age and sex. There was a
      significantly higher prevalence of the papillary type in the irradiated group,
      with an higher incidence of metastatic lymph nodes. Other histopathologic
      findings, coexisting with the papillary carcinoma (i.e., ground glass subtype,
      size less than 1.5 cm, multicentricity) did not differ significantly in the two
      groups. Some theoretical considerations concerning radio-induced thyroid
      carcinoma are proposed.

PMID- 4066447
TI  - Transmission blocks: clinical and biological rationales.
AB  - This paper describes the clinical and biological rationales for the use of
      transmission blocks. Clinical advantages over the use of full-thickness blocks
      applied part way through the course of therapy include the use of only one set of
      fields, blocks, and beam calculations, and less complex chart recording. There is
      a net saving in time required for the preparation and treatment of the patient.
      There is also a quality assurance advantage since the impact of a potential error
      in block positioning is reduced. In terms of biological advantages, it is
      demonstrated that the linear-quadratic iso-effect model can be applied to predict
      an improvement of up to 10% in the therapeutic ratio if transmission blocks are
      used instead of full-thickness blocks.

PMID- 4066448
TI  - A new after-loading intrauterine packing device: ten years experience.
AB  - A new variation of the uterine packing device for the treatment of endometrial
      carcinoma is described. It combines the advantages of the Holter technique with
      the after-loading method described by Simon. This device has been in use for more
      than 10 years and has been found most satisfactory.

PMID- 4066449
TI  - Planning of Ir-192 seed implants for boost irradiation to the breast.
AB  - The conservative management of early stage breast cancer with tumor excision and
      irradiation of the breast is becoming increasingly accepted as an alternative to
      modified radical mastectomy. The radiotherapy typically consists of 45 to 50 Gy
      delivered with external beam irradiation, followed by boost irradiation of 15 to
      20 Gy to the tumor bed using electron beams or interstitial implantation.
      Pathological evaluation of the excised tumor, clinical assessment, and
      mammography are used to determine the tissue volume potentially containing a
      residual tumor burden and therefore requiring boost irradiation. In this paper we
      describe planning and implantation procedures for Quimby-type breast implants
      using Ir-192 seeds encapsulated in nylon tubing. This system deviates in several
      important respects from the requirements of the standard brachytherapy systems.
      For double-plane implants, optimized values of the interplanar spacing are given
      for a range of implant sizes, along with the corresponding target dose rates for
      1.0 mCi seeds. We also describe a modification of the angiocatheter implantation
      technique, which allows the radioactive sources to be secured in place by a
      magnetic cap and washer, thus greatly facilitating the removal of the sources at
      the end of treatment.

PMID- 4066450
TI  - Measurements of dose from secondary radiation outside a treatment field: effects
      of wedges and blocks.
AB  - Radiation dose outside the radiotherapy treatment field can be significant and
      therefore is of clinical interest in estimating organ doses. In a previous paper
      we reported the results of measurements made using unmodified radiation fields.
      We have extended this study to include the effects of wedge filters and blocks.
      For a given dose on the central axis of a radiation field, wedges can cause a
      factor of 2 to 4 increase in dose at any point outside the field compared with
      the dose when no wedge is used. Adding blocks to a treatment field can cause an
      increase in dose at points outside the field, but the effect is much smaller than
      the effect of a wedge, and generally less than a factor of 2. From the results of
      these measurements, doses to selected organs outside the field for specified
      treatment geometries were estimated, and the potential for reducing these organ
      doses by additional shielding was assessed.

PMID- 4066451
TI  - Radiation protection considerations for endocavitary X ray units.
AB  - Application of a contact X ray therapy unit for endocavitary irradiation of
      selected rectal carcinomas is gaining acceptance as a treatment of choice. The
      patient is placed on a proctoscopic table in the surgical suite and the anus is
      anesthetized and dilated to allow insertion of a 3 cm diameter proctoscope
      designed to admit the X ray tube. The measured half-value layer for 50 kVp X rays
      filtered by 1.0 mm of aluminum was determined to be 0.65 mm of aluminium. The
      dose rate at the end of the 4.0 cm source-skin-distance (SSD) cone was measured
      to be on the order of 1000 rad/minute. Radiation surveys performed for several
      treatment geometries indicate that exposure rate levels in the environs
      immediately around the patient can be quite high. Radiation measurements were
      made for the following locations: where the radiotherapist stands holding the X
      ray tube; at the side of the patient where the technologist or any supporting
      personnel might stand; and at the patient's posterior surface in the direction
      where the anesthesiologist might stand. Radiation levels ranged from 0.001 to 1.0
      roentgen (R) per hour and depend primarily on the depth and angle of the X ray
      tube inserted into the rectum.

PMID- 4066452
TI  - Use of the Royal Marsden Gun in I-125 interstitial therapy.

PMID- 4066453
TI  - ECG of the month. Boxer cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 4066454
TI  - A field trial to assess the therapeutic and prophylactic effect of a foot rot
      vaccine in sheep.
AB  - An 18-week field trial was conducted on a sheep ranch to evaluate the therapeutic
      and prophylactic effect of a commercial foot rot vaccine. Two hundred sheep were
      included in the study, 100 with detectable foot rot lesions and 100 without.
      Approximately 50 sheep from each group were selected randomly and vaccinated
      twice against foot rot at a 6-week interval in the late spring 1984; the
      remaining sheep acted as nonvaccinated controls. Therapeutic effect of the
      vaccine was demonstrated by a cure rate of 53% in vaccinated, foot rot-affected
      sheep vs a cure rate of 19% in nonvaccinated, foot rot-affected sheep.
      Prophylactic effect of the vaccine was demonstrated by a foot rot prevalence at
      the end of the 18-week period of 9% for vaccinated sheep vs 53% for nonvaccinated
      sheep. Associations of foot rot lesions and vaccination with body condition were
      found to be significant, as was the association between foot rot lesions and
      mortality.

PMID- 4066455
TI  - Extracapsular cataract extraction: an analysis of 240 operations in dogs.
AB  - A total of 240 extracapsular cataract extractions were performed on 214 dogs at
      the University of Illinois between 1968 and 1980. Overall success of the surgery,
      defined as restoration of functional vision for at least 6 weeks after surgery,
      was 79%. The success rates, on the basis of various parameters, were compared
      with the following results. The greater the number of years experience each
      surgeon had, the greater the surgical success rate. In dogs in which a second eye
      was operated on, the overall success rate on the second eye was approximately 20%
      less than that for the study as a whole. There was a significant difference in
      success rates between surgery on congenital and juvenile cataracts when compared
      with surgery on diabetic and senile cataracts, the first being 15% higher than
      the second. The success rate was 18% less for lensectomy with concurrent
      iridectomy than for lensectomy without iridectomy. There was no significant
      difference in success rates among the 3 procedures for extracapsular extraction
      used in this study, nor among the various breeds studied. There was no
      significant difference in the success rate of surgeries on the left eye, compared
      with surgeries on the right eye.

PMID- 4066456
TI  - A surgical approach to treatment of suprascapular nerve injury in the horse.
AB  - Suprascapular nerve decompression has proven to be a useful treatment for
      refractory neuropraxia in horses. The surgical procedure used to effect that
      decompression is described. The surgery can be undertaken when conservative
      treatment has failed, but the sooner the surgery is done, the more likely the
      muscle mass is to be cosmetically satisfactory.

PMID- 4066457
TI  - Scapular notch resection for suprascapular nerve decompression in 12 horses.
AB  - Supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle paralysis with atrophy was treated by
      partial osteotomy of the scapula, deep to the suprascapular nerve. The horses had
      various gait abnormalities, which were corrected by the surgery, but regeneration
      of the muscles varied from partial to complete, depending on the duration of the
      condition and the degree of atrophy before surgery.

PMID- 4066458
TI  - Ventricular preexcitation in seven dogs and nine cats.
AB  - Ventricular preexcitation was diagnosed in 6 dogs and 7 cats examined because of
      weakness, syncope, or congestive heart failure, and as an incidental finding in 1
      dog and 2 cats. Reciprocating tachycardias were documented in 8 of the cases. Six
      of the cats had a pathologic diagnosis of primary cardiomyopathy. Two of the dogs
      had an associated congenital heart defect. Reciprocating tachycardias were
      controlled in 4 cases with digoxin, in 2 cases with propranolol, and in 1 case
      with quinidine. Conduction through the accessory pathway was altered by quinidine
      (2 cases), digoxin, and propranolol (1 case each), resulting in a lengthened P-R
      interval and more normal QRS complex configuration.

PMID- 4066459
TI  - Mesenteric lymphography and ligation of the thoracic duct in a cat with
      chylothorax.
AB  - Mesenteric lymphography was used to identify and ligate the thoracic duct in a 1
      year-old Himalayan cat with chylothorax. Lymphography revealed the thoracic duct
      to be intact; however, multiple dilated lymphatics, indicative of
      lymphangiectasia were evident in the cranial portion of the thorax. Hemostatic
      clips were used to ligate the thoracic duct. The effusion stopped, and 9 months
      after surgery, effusion has not recurred.

PMID- 4066460
TI  - Myelodysplastic syndrome in two dogs.
AB  - Two cases of myelodysplastic syndrome in the dog are described. Both cases were
      characterized by hepatomegaly, cytopenias, macrocytosis, cellular bone marrow,
      and dysplastic changes in all hematopoietic cell lines. Serum vitamin B12 and
      folic acid concentrations were within reference ranges in one dog, but vitamin
      B12 was slightly decreased in the other. Vitamin B12 therapy did not result in
      amelioration of the hematologic disorder. The duration of illness was
      approximately 5 months. Necropsy of one dog revealed an acute undifferentiated
      leukemia.

PMID- 4066461
TI  - Work intolerance in a horse with thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - A thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed in a 14-year-old competitive trail horse with a
      3-month history of work intolerance. Abnormal findings included low base-line
      triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) values, a large thyroid gland and
      decreased work tolerance. Nuclear medicine scanning revealed displacement of the
      right thyroid gland by a mass. Needle biopsy of the mass revealed neoplastic
      changes compatible with thyroid carcinoma. After removing the tumor surgically,
      T3 and T4 values returned to normal. Subsequently, the horse was able to compete
      successfully. Horses with work intolerance combined with a large thyroid gland
      may develop a thyroid carcinoma. In such horses, T3 and T4 values should be
      determined; if abnormal values are detected, needle biopsy and scintigraphic
      evaluation should be considered.

PMID- 4066462
TI  - Animal behavior and the fever response: theoretical considerations.

PMID- 4066463
TI  - Changes in the surface fine structure of ependyma of the rat third ventricle
      following operative leakage of cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - The role of the ventricular ependyma in the elaboration of cerebrospinal fluid
      under resting conditions is well documented. In an attempt to elucidate its
      response to cerebrospinal fluid leakage, male young adult Wistar rats were
      subjected to lumbar spinal transection under intraperitoneal Nembutal
      anaesthesia. Control animals received a sham operation, involving opening up the
      cerebrospinal fluid space and its closure. A scanning electron microscopical
      study of the third ventricular ependyma on the seventh postoperative day revealed
      pronounced surface modifications in the experimental animal which included (i)
      bulbous dilatations in the ciliary shafts with frequent apical blebbing, and an
      overall turgid appearance of most cilia; (ii) a profusion of tall and stout
      microvilli in the non-ciliated zones; (iii) an increase in the size and number of
      blebs; and (iv) a greater number of supraependymal cells especially on the
      ventricular floor. The significance of these changes is discussed in the light of
      available studies. The results, considered collectively, seem to reflect an
      augmented activity of the ventricular ependyma as a compensatory measure to
      counteract the effects of cerebrospinal fluid leakage caused by surgical trauma.
      Such activity may be both absorptive and secretory in nature.

PMID- 4066464
TI  - The fibre spectrum of the chorda nerve in the chicken (Gallus gallus var.
      domesticus).
AB  - Using transmission electron microscopy, the numbers and diameters of all nerve
      fibres were studied in the chorda tympani nerve of the domestic fowl. The mean
      diameter of the whole nerve was 64.6 micron and contained 203-407 (mean 302)
      myelinated and 205-345 (mean 265.6) unmyelinated fibres. Of the myelinated fibres
      (including sheath) 95% were in the range 0.5-3 micron in diameter and 94% of the
      unmyelinated fibres ranged from 0.2 to 0.9 micron in diameter. After section of
      the facial nerve within the facial canal, there was a marked reduction in the
      number of myelinated fibres present in the chorda tympani nerve (range 12-160,
      mean 103) but a less marked reduction in the unmyelinated fibres (range 94-362,
      mean 223). The loss of myelinated fibres was not confined to any one fibre size
      whereas the loss of unmyelinated fibres was mainly in the smaller fibres (range
      0.1-0.5 micron). Since facial nerve section results in degeneration of efferent
      fibres it would seem that a large proportion of the afferent fibres are
      unmyelinated.

PMID- 4066465
TI  - Cancellous structure of tarsal bones.
AB  - The internal structure of the tarsal bones has been studied to investigate their
      cancellous architecture. It is revealed that these bones have fine and coarse
      meshworks and even a tendency for obliteration of the trabecular pattern in the
      bones lying distal to this midtarsal joint. Internal structure of the talus does
      not show an arched pattern of bony lamellae. An increased density of bony
      lamellae in the internal structure of the navicular bone could result from
      excessive stress, enforced by its close relationship to the three cuneiform
      bones.

PMID- 4066466
TI  - Developmental stability in the mouse vertebral column.
AB  - The effects of six mutant genes (Sd, T, vt, Sp, un, Ph) on the axial skeleton of
      the mouse were studied both alone and in combination with 24 hours starvation on
      Day 8 of gestation. Normal controls showed a craniocaudal gradient of size
      variation and relatively low variability towards the boundaries of the cervical,
      thoracic and lumbar vertebral classes. Gene-induced craniocaudal gradients of
      abnormality were observed in response to Sd and T, and to Ph, which have direct
      and indirect effects respectively on the primitive streak and/or notochord. By
      contrast, vt, which influences the paraxial mesoderm, and Sp and un, which act
      later, during somite formation and sclerotome differentiation respectively, did
      not produce craniocaudal gradients of abnormality. For all genes there were
      indications of relative resistance to their effects towards the vertebral class
      boundaries. Starvation did not materially influence these patterns of
      abnormality. The division of the axial skeleton of the mouse into its
      morphologically distinct classes of vertebrae thus appears to originate at the
      earliest stage of axial development, even before somite formation, with the
      positions of the future vertebral class boundaries established both axially and
      paraxially as regions of relative stability that persist into later stages of
      development. The primary craniocaudal gradient associated with the advancing
      primitive streak, from which the vertebral class boundary positions may be
      derived, appears to be restricted to the axial structures themselves and to be
      lost after the somites appear.

PMID- 4066467
TI  - Changes in end-plate cholinesterase and axons during muscle degeneration and
      regeneration.
AB  - Injection of bupivacaine into the rat anterior tibial muscle produced rapid
      necrosis with disintegration of muscle fibres and phagocytic infiltration within
      two days. Regenerating myotubes appeared four days after injection, and muscle
      structure was restored seven days after injection. One day after injection, axons
      and end-plate cholinesterase appeared normal in spite of the underlying muscle
      fibre necrosis. Intensity of cholinesterase staining was gradually reduced
      through the second and third day but axons remained intact. On the fourth day,
      newly formed end-plates delineated by cholinesterase stain were seen on myotubes.
      Some were innervated by thin regenerating axons. Axonal outgrowth appeared to
      compensate for occasional neuronal degeneration and for the greater number of end
      plates on myotubes. In some areas, not all end-plates were innervated by the
      fourth day but were by the fifth day. On the sixth and seventh day after myotube
      maturation, a process of degeneration of superfluous end-plates and axons
      occurred, reducing their number to the number of muscle fibres. Fourteen and 28
      days after injection, the innervation pattern was normal except for a slight
      increase in terminal innervation band width. These results indicate that
      injection of bupivacaine does not directly affect intramuscular nerves and that
      the changes observed in this experimental model are the consequence of muscle
      fibre degeneration and regeneration.

PMID- 4066468
TI  - Interstitial porphyrins and tubule degeneration in the hamster Harderian gland.
AB  - The Harderian glands of rodents manufacture and store porphyrins and are
      increasingly used as models for porphyrin biosynthesis. Although porphyrins are
      normally stored as solid intraluminal accretions, interstitial deposits also
      occur; in the Harderian gland of the female hamster these are found frequently in
      ovariectomised or aged animals. The present study (employing double-embedding
      techniques) suggests that interstitial porphyrin deposits are the result of
      degenerative processes which conform to an escalating pattern. Initially, tubule
      epithelial and myoepithelial cells become greatly attenuated and there is
      neutrophil invasion. Secondly, tubule walls disappear leaving previously
      intraluminal porphyrin stores free within the interstitium. Finally, large
      interstitial porphyrin accretions become surrounded by foreign body giant cells
      or are broken down into smaller deposits within free macrophages. These are often
      associated with plasma cells. Infiltration of the interstitium by lymphocytes may
      also occur. It may be that the abnormal localisation of porphyrin in the
      interstitium (i) evokes an immune response and (ii) is related to elevated blood
      porphyrin levels found in these animals.

PMID- 4066469
TI  - Remodelling of bone and bones: effects of altered mechanical stress on caudal
      vertebrae.
AB  - Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 50 g were divided into two groups: (i) control, (ii)
      rats with tails bent in situ incorporating 7, 5 and 3 caudal vertebrae in the
      loop. Tails were radiographed weekly up to six weeks and a microradiographic and
      histological study undertaken on selected specimens. Results showed that the
      bones in the apex of the loop of the bent tail moved through their investing soft
      tissues towards the outer side of the bend, the joints became V-shaped and in
      tails bent acutely the epiphyses and metaphyses tilted. By six weeks the bones
      appeared bent with a thinner straight to convex shaft on the outer side and a
      thicker, more concave one on the inner side. The changes observed can be
      explained by taking into account (i) strain within the bone, (ii) altered growth
      and (iii) the translation of bones through their investing soft tissues. The
      results are consistent with the supposition that, on application of a continuous
      moderate stress, tension induces formation and pressure resorption of bone.

PMID- 4066470
TI  - The effect of calcitonin on the prechordal mesoderm, neural plate and neural
      crest of Xenopus embryos.
AB  - Developing Xenopus embryos treated during gastrulation with 22 micrograms/l of
      salmar calcitonin in the ambient water develop into larvae exhibiting a decrease
      in interocular distance. In view of the hypocalcaemic properties of calcitonin
      and the importance of calcium ions in cell aggregation, this phenomenon has been
      attributed to an alteration in cell adhesion which results in faulty cell
      migration during gastrulation with consequent abnormalities of the prechordal
      region of the archenteron roof and the overlying neural plate. Histological
      examination of affected specimens shows that the principal defect arising from
      the prechordal mesoderm and prechordal plate is aglossia and a severely reduced
      oral cavity. This results in narrowing of the head and consequent decrease in
      interocular distance. Accompanying this effect is distortion of the diencephalon
      and third ventricle, which may indicate faulty induction of the neural plate by
      the perturbed subjacent prechordal region.

PMID- 4066471
TI  - Ultrastructural aspects of rat tail tendon sheaths.
AB  - An investigation was carried out on the sheaths which envelop rat tail tendons.
      The samples were processed for observation by light and electron microscopy. In
      the case of electron microscopy, thin sections of specimens embedded in epoxy
      resin and replicas of freeze etched samples were used. On the basis of
      histological and ultrastructural observations, four distinct connective tissue
      sheaths have been detected. The paratendineum is a thick fibrous sheath that
      covers externally the four groups of tendons arranged around the vertebrae of the
      tail; the epitendineum is a distinct fibrous sheath surrounding each tendon
      group; the peritendineum is composed of concentric cellular laminae enveloping
      each tendon; lastly, the endotendineum is made up of one cellular lamella which
      adheres to the fibres of the tendon, projecting trabeculae between the individual
      tendon fascicles. In the para- and epitendineum, thick bundles of collagen
      fibrils, running parallel to the fibres of the tendon, were visible. The collagen
      fibrils had a wide variability of diameters (from 35 to 220 nm) and, when
      examined in replica, their microfibrillar arrangement appeared to be straight. In
      the peri- and endotendineum, thin bundles of collagen fibrils were visible
      between the cellular laminae, parallel to the main axis of the tendon. Among
      these collagen bundles, elastic fibres and numerous glycoproteins containing
      microfibril-like filaments were visible. The collagen fibrils were small and of
      uniform diameter (50 nm) and, when observed on replica, showed a helicoidal
      microfibrillar arrangement. The cell layers of the peri- and endotendineum were
      made up of flattened fibroblasts which were connected by specialised junctions
      and which contained numerous micropinocytotic vesicles. A thin layer of granular
      electron-dense material, with ultrastructural characteristics similar to those of
      a basement membrane, was visible on the surface of the most external cellular
      layer of the peritendineum and on the outer surface of the cellular lamella of
      the endotendineum. Due to their morphological characteristics it is supposed that
      the four tendon sheaths are involved in different and special functions.
      Moreover, collagen Type I and collagen Type III, demonstrated by means of
      immunofluorescence techniques in previous investigations, show respectively a
      close similarity in distribution to the thick collagen fibrils, with a straight
      microfibrillar arrangement, of the two external sheaths, and to the thin collagen
      fibrils, with a helicoidal microfibrillar arrangement, of the two internal
      sheaths.

PMID- 4066472
TI  - The sagittal diameter of the lumbar vertebral canal in normal adult Nigerians.
AB  - An osteometric study of the anteroposterior diameter of the lumbar vertebral
      canal and intervertebral foramina of normal adult Nigerians is reported. The
      results show that the midsagittal diameter of the canal is subject to racial
      variations, and is determined primarily by the thickness and orientation of the
      lamina and to a lesser extent by the height of the pedicle. The significance of
      the findings is discussed.

PMID- 4066473
TI  - The fate of phytohaemagglutinin-activated human lymphocytes following their peak
      proliferative activity.
AB  - Morphological and histochemical studies and cell counts were performed on
      phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocyte cultures at intervals from 1 to 17
      days. Following a phase of proliferative activity lasting from the second to the
      sixth days, different cell types became evident in the later stages of culture.
      Some of the cells were large and characterised by an abundant cytoplasm
      containing numerous electron-dense bodies with a characteristic internal
      structure, a well developed Golgi apparatus, a highly irregular plasma membrane,
      numerous pinocytoses and intense acid phosphatase activity localised within the
      dense bodies. These cells resembled epithelioid cells in which phagocytic
      vacuoles were very infrequent. In contrast, phagocytic cells distended with
      phagocytosed debris were present throughout the period of culture. In later
      cultures many of the cells were smaller than activated lymphocytes. Intermediate
      sized cells were characterised by a paucity of organelles and low acid
      phosphatase activity, and small cells were similar to unstimulated lymphocytes
      but frequently contained numerous mitochondria. A few cells with a highly
      developed endoplasmic reticulum were observed at 3 days and also in later stages.
      The large cells with intense acid phosphatase activity constituted 20-30% of the
      total cells at 6 days but were more sparse in later stages when intermediate and
      small lymphocytes predominated. The total cell count on the seventeenth day was
      50% of the initial cell count and the cells were almost entirely small,
      apparently healthy lymphocytes.

PMID- 4066474
TI  - Surface morphology of mitogen-activated human lymphocytes and their derivatives
      in vitro.
AB  - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured with phytohaemagglutinin or
      pokeweed mitogen for various intervals up to 17 days and studied by scanning
      electron microscopy. Activated lymphocytes in 3 day cultures were large irregular
      cells characterised mainly by an abundance of very fine microvilli, which were
      much thinner, shorter and more densely packed than the microvilli on uncultured
      lymphocytes. Cells intermediate in size and surface morphology between these and
      unstimulated lymphocytes were numerous in 1 day cultures. Some motile cells and
      large cells with finger-like or conical microvilli were also present. Cell counts
      showed that after 6 days in phytohaemagglutinin culture small villous cells
      resembling normal healthy lymphocytes were progressively more numerous,
      suggesting that most of the activated cells reverted to small lymphocytes. Very
      large cells were also present and displayed a heterogeneous surface morphology of
      villi, ridges, blebs and ruffles. A few of these cells had typical monocytoid
      features but others were predominantly villous. In pokeweed mitogen cultures
      there was extensive cellular degeneration affecting all cell types after 6 days.
      In unstimulated cultures the lymphocytes had fewer microvilli or were smooth
      surfaced. There was extensive lymphocyte degeneration after 3 days and eventually
      typical monocytes were the predominant cells. Large, villous cells, which could
      be activated lymphocytes, were occasionally encountered in unstimulated cultures.

PMID- 4066475
TI  - The morphology of the kidney of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas L.).
AB  - The kidneys of the green turtle are flattened, lobed and closely applied to the
      posterior wall of the pleuroperitoneal cavity. The ability to differentiate new
      functional nephrons is retained by five years old animals. The functional nephron
      comprises a glomerulus, proximal tubule, intermediate segment which can be
      subdivided into a proximal non-secretory segment and a distal mucus secreting
      segment, distal convoluted tubule and collecting tubule. Both the proximal and
      distal tubules exhibit complex foldings on their lateral cell walls in
      contradistinction to the characteristic basal infoldings observed in mammalian
      tubules.

PMID- 4066476
TI  - Collagen orientations in the meniscus of the knee joint.
AB  - X-ray diffraction shows that the collagen fibrils of dog, pig and human meniscus
      tend to be oriented circumferentially in the bulk tissue and radially in the
      surface region. Individual fibrils are not all oriented in these directions but
      are distributed about the preferred orientations with a standard deviation of
      around 15 degrees in the bulk tissue. Polarised light microscopy yields results
      which are consistent with X-ray diffraction. This technique also shows that the
      fibrils are aggregated into crimped fibres, resembling those of tendon, and that
      some of these fibres pass from the outer region of the meniscus into the bulk
      tissue. Artificial split lines demonstrate the radial orientation of outer fibres
      over most of the superior and inferior surfaces of the meniscus. Split lines
      reorient as they pass into the bulk tissue which is consistent with the
      interpretation of X-ray diffraction and polarised light microscopy results of
      this study. The pattern of collagen orientations is also consistent with the
      meniscus transmitting compressive load in the knee joint.

PMID- 4066477
TI  - The origin and innervation of the adductor pollicis muscle.
AB  - A gross dissection of twenty human adductor pollicis muscles indicated an
      extensive origin of both the transverse and oblique heads. The origins included
      the second, third, and fourth metacarpal bones and the capitate, trapezoid, and
      trapezium bones. Soft tissue origins included intermetacarpal ligaments and the
      anterior fascia of palmar interosseous muscles. An interfascicular dissection of
      the deep branch of the ulnar nerve within the substance of the adductor pollicis
      muscle revealed three distinct patterns of terminal branching to the transverse
      and oblique heads, and to the first dorsal interosseous muscle.

PMID- 4066478
TI  - Changes in the intestinal microvillous surface area during reproduction and
      ageing in the female rat.
AB  - A morphometric study has been undertaken of the changes that occur in the
      microvillous surface area of young, pregnant, lactating, old and senescent rats.
      It has been shown that the microvilli are organelles with a quite stable
      conformation and that they exhibit no large scale dimensional changes throughout
      almost the entire life span. Lactation, however, does induce an apparent increase
      in microvillous surface area which may be associated with the significant changes
      which occur to the structure of the villus during reproduction in the rat.

PMID- 4066479
TI  - A localised growth zone in the wall of the developing mouse telencephalon.
AB  - In sections of the prenatal mouse brain, sites of maximum area increase of the
      lateral ventricle were mapped onto reconstructions of the ventricular surface.
      This was done by identifying areas of ventricular layer where mitotic density was
      high and the adjacent intermediate layer either absent or thinly populated with
      neurons. It was assumed that in these areas, cell division was producing
      ventricular cells rather than neurons and that they were therefore gaining in
      area, whereas sites against which neurons were accumulating were either ceasing
      to increase in area or at least were increasing more slowly. Such an area
      occupied a zone at the junction between the medial and lateral telencephalic
      walls. The zone was eliminated during development in a rostrocaudal direction. It
      is suggested that modulation of growth along this zone may be an important factor
      in fashioning the form of the ventricular cavity.

PMID- 4066480
TI  - Cell kinetics of growth cartilage in spondylo-metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (smc)
      mice.
AB  - The gene for spondylo-metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (smc) in the mouse disrupts
      the formation of growth plate cartilage. No cartilage columns are found in the
      head of the tibia and secondary centres of ossification appear very late. The
      number of cells labelled with tritiated thymidine is sharply reduced at 16, 18
      and 21 days of age but hypertrophic cell height is normal. Cells taking up label
      are found scattered throughout the large cartilaginous epiphyses.

PMID- 4066481
TI  - Derived morphology of the wrist articulations and theories of hominoid evolution.
      Part I. The lorisine joints.
AB  - The claim that lorisines possess wrist joint specialisations that parallel those
      in hominoids is refuted. The cautious, quadrupedal climbing lorisines therefore
      do not provide an adequate model for the locomotion of emergent hominoids, as has
      been suggested. The notion that the Hominoidea possess unique wrist joint
      synapomorphies facilitating an increased range of forearm supination, and
      correlated thereby with a capacity for suspensory forelimb locomotion, seems to
      be sustained. The lorisines do possess their own derived characters at the wrist,
      largely centred on the midcarpal joint, which accommodate an exaggerated habitual
      movement comprising ulnar deviation with extension and rotation of the sense of
      pronation; this produces the powerful pincer-like split hand. Rather similar but
      more extreme specialisations are described in schizodactylous marsupials. In all
      these specialised hands the habitual movement at the midcarpal joint appears to
      be merely an exaggeration of that occurring in the clasping type of hand found in
      the primitive therian mammals. This movement, about an axis running from dorsally
      on the radial side of the carpus with an angulation proximally towards the volar
      aspect on the ulnar side, apparently provided for adjustments in angulation
      between forearm and manus in the semi-sprawling gait of primitive non-cursorial
      therian mammals.

PMID- 4066482
TI  - Brainstem connections of vagal afferent nerves in the ferret: an autoradiographic
      study.
AB  - Using an autoradiographic technique the central connections of vagal afferent
      fibres in the ferret were studied. The results show that the principal site of
      termination is the ipsilateral nucleus of the tractus solitarius with smaller
      projections to the contralateral tractus nucleus, the dorsal motor nucleus of the
      vagus and the area postrema and subpostrema. The fibres cross the midline via the
      commissural nucleus of Cajal. No evidence of vagal afferent fibres was found in
      the reticular formation, the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve, the external
      cuneate nucleus or the dorsal horns of the first and second cervical spinal
      segments. The findings from all studies using axon tracing techniques on vagal
      afferent fibres are summarised.

PMID- 4066483
TI  - DNA synthesis in peritoneal lymphoid cells. Indirect induction of changes.
AB  - Changes were observed in the DNA-synthesising cells of the murine peritoneal
      cavity after a single subcutaneous injection of (1) fluid thioglycollate medium,
      (2) guinea-pig serum, (3) pertussis vaccine, (4) fresh egg albumen, (5) bovine
      albumin Fraction 5, (6) normal saline as control. The subcutaneous route was
      chosen in order to avoid direct peritoneal irritation. A total of 180 animals was
      employed, in six groups of 30 each, and in each group five animals per day were
      examined for six days. In all cases except the controls there was a significant
      increase in the number of DNA-synthesising cells in the peritoneal fluid, as
      measured in autoradiographs following incubation with tritiated thymidine. The
      labelled cells were predominantly lymphoid, some resembling the transitional
      cells of bone marrow. There was also a smaller number of labelled macrophages.
      Changes were maximal after thioglycollate. The peak percentage of labelled cells
      occurred on Day 1 after thioglycollate and egg albumen, on Day 2 after guinea-pig
      serum, and on Day 4 after pertussis vaccine and bovine albumin.

PMID- 4066484
TI  - Effect of compressive forces on phosphatase activity in mandibular condylar
      cartilage of the rat in vitro.
AB  - Intermittent and continuous compressive forces were applied to mandibular
      condylar cartilages from four days old rats during culture. The distribution and
      the relative activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase were determined after
      various periods in culture. The application of a continuous compressive force
      reduced the activity evenly of both phosphatases in all zones of the condylar
      cartilage. A small intermittent compressive force (0.5-1.0 g) induced an increase
      in the intra- and extracellular alkaline phosphatase activity in the entire
      hypertrophic zone. It is concluded that biomechanical forces can influence the
      onset of the mineralisation process in mandibular condylar cartilage.

PMID- 4066485
TI  - Observations on the fine structure of the phrenic nucleus in the cervical spinal
      cord of the cat with special reference to its dendritic bundles.
AB  - The structure of the cat phrenic nucleus in the cervical spinal cord was studied
      by light and electron microscopy. Neurons of this nucleus are medium sized and
      fusiform and are arranged longitudinally. The most unique feature of this nucleus
      is the extremely well organised longitudinal dendritic bundles. In the dendritic
      bundles there are dendrodendritic casual appositions without specialised
      structures and with desmosome-like contacts. Gap junctions, however, are not
      found at the site dendrodendritic contact. Neurons of the phrenic nucleus possess
      many axodendritic synapses whereas axosomatic synapses are infrequent. In most
      axon terminals there are round, clear, synaptic vesicles, but on rare occasions
      terminals containing either cored or flat vesicles are observed. The significance
      of these features of the nucleus, especially of the large dendritic bundles, is
      briefly discussed.

PMID- 4066486
TI  - Inosamycin, a complex of new aminoglycoside antibiotics. I. Production, isolation
      and properties.
AB  - A strain of Streptomyces hygroscopicus No. J296-21 (ATCC 39150) was found to
      produce a complex of new antibiotics, called inosamycins, which consisted of
      components A, B, C, D and E. They are novel aminocyclitol antibiotics
      structurally related to neomycin, paromomycin and ribostamycin. The antibiotic
      complex and each component of inosamycin exhibit a broad antibacterial spectrum
      but they are inactive against most of the aminoglycoside-resistant organisms. The
      antibacterial activity of inosamycin A, the major component of the complex, is
      comparable to that of neomycin but its acute toxicity is significantly lower (ca.
      1/3) than that of neomycin.

PMID- 4066487
TI  - Inosamycin, a complex of new aminoglycoside antibiotics. II. Structure
      determination.
AB  - Structures of the new aminocyclitol antibiotics, inosamycins A, B, C, D and E,
      have been determined by a combination of chemical degradation and spectroscopic
      studies. They are structurally related to neomycin, paromomycin and ribostamycin
      but differ in that all the inosamycin components contain 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosamine
      in place of 2-deoxystreptamine in the known aminoglycoside antibiotics.

PMID- 4066488
TI  - Chemical modification of spiramycins. VI. Synthesis and antibacterial activities
      of 3,3''-di-O-acyl-4''-O-sulfonyl and 3,3''-di-O-acyl-4''-O-alkyl derivatives of
      spiramycin I.
AB  - 3,3''-Di-O-acyl-4''-O-sulfonyl and 3,3''-di-O-acyl-4''-O-alkyl derivatives of
      spiramycin I were synthesized and evaluated by four parameters, antibacterial
      activity, affinity to ribosomes, lypophilicity and therapeutic effects. Among
      them, 3,3''-di-O-acetyl-4''-O-mesyl and 3,3''-di-O-acetyl-4''-O-methylspiramycin
      I having relatively small substituents at 4''-position were the most effective in
      mouse protection tests, and the results were comparable to acetylspiramycin.

PMID- 4066489
TI  - Chemical modifications of the aliphatic bridge of ansamycins. 3. Synthesis and
      activity of 21-epi-rifamycin S.
AB  - Rifamycins inhibit bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase through the formation
      of non-covalent bonds by the oxygenated groups at C(1), C(8), C(21), and C(23).
      These must be unhindered and underivatized, with the antibiotic in a proper
      overall molecular conformation. The present study shows that contrary to previous
      conclusions the availability of the hydroxyl group at C(21) is not as important
      as that of the other three groups. In support of this is the observation that 21
      epi-rifamycin S is partially active, both on the isolated DNA-dependent RNA
      polymerase and on some Gram-positive bacterial strains.

PMID- 4066490
TI  - Demalonyl derivatives of guanidylfungin A and copiamycin: their synthesis and
      antifungal activity.
AB  - Guanidylfungin A was chemically modified by alkylation, reduction and/or
      demalonylation. Demalonylmethylguanidylfungin A became soluble in water and
      showed approximately eight-fold higher activity against fungi and Gram-positive
      bacteria than guanidylfungin A along with strongly fungicidal effect. Similarly,
      copiamycin was converted to demalonylmethylcopiamycin, which also showed higher
      antifungal activity than copiamycin itself.

PMID- 4066491
TI  - Syntheses and biological activities of new penem derivatives with side chains
      derived from 4-hydroxyproline.
AB  - New penem derivatives with various substituted, enantiomerically pure pyrrolidine
      thio side chains at the C-2 position were synthesized and their chemotherapeutic
      potentials assessed in comparison with Sch 29482. The following criteria were
      used for preliminary evaluation: Antibacterial activity in vitro, beta-lactamase
      inhibition and apparent hydrolysis rates by crude murine and human kidney enzyme
      preparations. The most active compounds, 16e, 16f and 18 exhibit properties
      typical of this substance class with a tendency towards greater antibacterial
      potency in comparison with Sch 29482, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
      No clear-cut structure-activity relationships could be found with respect to beta
      lactamase inhibition and stability against degrading renal enzymes.

PMID- 4066492
TI  - Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 2-azetidinone-1-sulfonic acid
      derivatives with a heteroatom-bound substituent at the 4-position.
AB  - The synthesis and antibacterial activity of 3-[(Z)-2-alkoxyimino-2-(2
      aminothiazol-4-yl)-acetamido] -2-azetidinone-1-sulfonic acid derivatives with a
      heteroatom-bound substituent at the 4-position are described. The effect of
      various 4-substituents on the antibacterial activity was examined. Some of these
      compounds showed excellent antibacterial activity especially against Gram
      negative bacteria, including beta-lactamase-producing strains.

PMID- 4066493
TI  - Antitumor activities of (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyl-adriamycin (THP) and its
      combination with other antitumor agents on murine tumors.
AB  - (2''R)-4'-O-Tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) is a new derivative of doxorubicin
      (adriamycin, ADM). The concentrations of THP and ADM required to inhibit by 50%
      the growth of a cultured L1210 cells was 0.003 microgram/ml and 0.016
      microgram/ml, respectively. Various therapeutic designs of combinations of THP
      with other antitumor agents were investigated in vivo using the L1210 murine
      leukemia. The combination of THP with cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), cyclocytidine
      hydrochloride (Cyclo-C), 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and cyclophosphamide (EX) showed
      a great effectiveness following daily intraperitoneal treatment from days 1 to
      10. High therapeutic effects were also obtained with the combinations of THP with
      Ara-C, Cyclo-C, vincristine (VCR) and EX following intravenous combination
      therapy one day following implantation of L1210 leukemia. Schedule dependency and
      its therapeutic efficacy of THP were examined. THP showed almost the same
      antitumor activity on the solid-type sarcoma-180 or solid-type Ehrlich carcinoma
      as ADM by intraperitoneal or intravenous treatment. THP showed some superior
      activity to ADM in the advanced stage of L1210 leukemia. High antitumor activity
      of THP on murine leukemia L1210 has been reported by Tsuruo et al. (Cancer Res.
      42: 1462-1467, 1982) and was also confirmed. THP gave many mice cures, especially
      in the intravenous treatment.

PMID- 4066494
TI  - Synthesis of cairomycin A.

PMID- 4066495
TI  - Isolation and structure of a new epsilon-rhodomycin compound produced by a
      Streptomyces species HPL Y-11472.

PMID- 4066496
TI  - Biological properties of streptonigrin derivatives. I. Antimicrobial and
      cytocidal activities.

PMID- 4066497
TI  - A new antibiotic SF-2370 produced by Actinomadura.

PMID- 4066498
TI  - Isolation of two minor components of the boromycin fermentation: N
      acetylboromycin and N-formylboromycin.

PMID- 4066499
TI  - Anticoccidial activity of frenolicin B and its derivatives.

PMID- 4066500
TI  - Cephabacin M1-6, new 7-methoxycephem antibiotics of bacterial origin. II.
      Isolation, characterization and structural determination.
AB  - Six components of new cephem antibiotics, cephabacin M1-6, were isolated from the
      culture filtrate of Xanthomonas lactamgena YK-431 by various types of column
      chromatographies and preparative reverse-phase HPLC. Their structures were
      determined by spectroscopic analyses and degradation studies. They consist of 7
      methoxydeacetylcephalosporin C as a nucleus and a tri- to heptapeptide including
      a new amino acid, which is bound at the 3-position with an ester bond.

PMID- 4066501
TI  - Glycocinnasperimicin D, a new member of glycocinnamolyspermidine antibiotic.
AB  - Glycocinnasperimicin D was isolated from the fermentation filtrate of a strain of
      Nocardia sp. using various procedures of column chromatography.
      Glycocinnasperimicin D exhibited broad antibacterial spectrum. Its chemical
      structure was determined by NMR spectrometric analyses.

PMID- 4066502
TI  - Enhanced sinefungin production by medium improvement, mutagenesis and protoplast
      regeneration of Streptomyces incarnatus NRRL 8089.
AB  - Increased production of sinefungin, a very potent antifungal and antiparasitic
      nucleoside antibiotic was achieved by medium and strain improvement. When soybean
      meal, dextrin and yeast extract were added as carbon and nitrogen sources to the
      fermentation medium, instead of corn steep liquor, soya-oil and glucose; the
      antibiotic yield increased from 40 micrograms/ml to 126 micrograms/ml with low
      biomass production. Strain improvement was attempted by two methods. The mean
      antibiotic yield of the variants after multistep mutagenesis by N-methyl-N'-nitro
      N-nitrosoguanidine and ethyleneimine was 466 micrograms/ml. Protoplasts of the
      parental strain were prepared by lysozyme digestion from mycelia grown in a
      medium containing 0.7% glycine. The mean activity of the regenerated protoplasts
      was 664 micrograms/ml. Thus, the overall sinefungin production could be increased
      16-fold.

PMID- 4066503
TI  - Biosynthesis of 2-deoxystreptamine.
AB  - Extracts of Streptomyces fradiae 75-078, a producer of an antibiotic neomycin,
      were found to catalyze three reactions which are included in the proposed
      biosynthetic pathway to 2-deoxystreptamine; amination of deoxyinosose yielding
      deoxyinosamine, conversion of deoxyinosamine to 2-deoxystreptamine and
      deamination of 2-deoxystreptamine. Glutamine was effective as an amino-donor for
      both transamination reactions; conversions of deoxyinosose to deoxyinosamine and
      of aminodeoxyinosose to 2-deoxystreptamine. Conversion of deoxyinosamine to 2
      deoxystreptamine, presumably including successive dehydrogenation and
      transamination at position 1, was stimulated by NAD+. On DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B ion
      exchange chromatography, the enzyme activity catalyzing amination of deoxyinosose
      and deamination of 2-deoxystreptamine was eluted as an entity (aminotransferase),
      while the one converting deoxyinosamine to 2-deoxystreptamine, only if the
      aminotransferase is supplemented, can be eluted as a separate peak
      (deoxyinosamine dehydrogenase). The molecular weight of the aminotransferase was
      estimated to be 130,000 daltons by chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B. Enzymatic
      synthesis of 2-deoxystreptamine from deoxyinosose was demonstrated by the cell
      free extracts.

PMID- 4066504
TI  - Microbial conversion of daunorubicin into N-acetyl-13(S)-dihydrodaunomycin and
      bisanhydro-13-dihydrodaunomycinone.
AB  - By using a strain of Streptomyces willmorii, daunorubicin (daunomycin) was
      stereoselectively converted into N-acetyl-13(S)-dihydrodaunomycin and bisanhydro
      13-dihydrodaunomycinone. The absolute stereochemistry of the new chiral center in
      N-acetyl-13(S)-dihydrodaunomycin was established by means of nuclear Overhauser
      effect measured in the 9,13-O-isopropylidene derivative.

PMID- 4066505
TI  - Phenotypic changes associated with loss of expression of tylosin biosynthesis and
      resistance genes in Streptomyces fradiae.
AB  - Two mutants of the tylosin-producing Streptomyces fradiae defective in the
      biosynthesis of the macrolide antibiotic tylosin were isolated from colonies
      derived from regenerated protoplasts. Both strains were unable to carry out any
      of at least seven tylosin biosynthetic steps and were sensitive to tylosin. One
      strain, JS82, was also more sensitive to chloramphenicol (Cm), mitomycin C (Mc),
      hygromycin B (Hm) and kanamycin (Km) than its parent strain. The other strain,
      JS87, was also more sensitive to Cm than wild type but expressed normal levels of
      resistance to Mc and Hm. Both strains expressed genetic instabilities associated
      with auxotrophy or expression of antibiotic resistance. Since the genetic
      instabilities were not due to defective error-free or error-prone DNA repair,
      they appear to be due to genetic rearrangements associated with the deletion or
      amplification of sequences linked to and perhaps encompassing tylosin
      biosynthesis genes.

PMID- 4066506
TI  - A new antifungal antibiotic, 3'-O-decarbamoylirumamycin.

PMID- 4066507
TI  - Microbial products. VII. The relative configuration of actinomycete metabolite X
      14881D.

PMID- 4066508
TI  - Cephalosporins containing carbohydrates.

PMID- 4066509
TI  - Synthesis and antitumor activity of optically active (+)-9-O-alpha-L-daunosaminyl
      4-demethoxydaunorubicin.

PMID- 4066510
TI  - Synthesis of 3'-deoxy-3'-fluorokanamycins A and B active against resistant
      bacteria.

PMID- 4066511
TI  - Patterns of inhibition in auditory cortical cells in awake squirrel monkeys.
AB  - Two-tone interactions are recorded in the responses of single units in the
      superior temporal gyrus to contralateral acoustic stimulation of the awake
      squirrel monkey. Four response types are distinguished based primarily on the
      nature of the inhibitory responses elicited by two-tone stimuli, and secondarily
      on such criteria as the patterns of response to single tones and noise stimuli,
      thresholds, and spontaneous activity levels. Type A units display strong lateral
      inhibitory influences which may extend up to 2 octaves on either side, or both
      sides, of the BF. They are sharply tuned at all intensities and exhibit sustained
      response to single tone stimuli at the BF. The units have nonmonotonic rate-level
      functions, and show little or no response to broad band noise. Type A units have
      low spontaneous rates (less than 3 spikes/s) and relatively high thresholds
      (greater than or equal to 30 dB SPL). Type B units are characterized by
      relatively high spontaneous rates of activity (greater than 20 spikes/s) and
      inhibitory responses to single tone stimuli. Broad band noise may evoke strong
      excitatory response. Type C units summate the responses to the two-tone stimulus,
      and show little or no inhibitory influences. They have V-shaped tuning curves,
      monotonic rate-level functions, low thresholds (greater than or equal to 30 dB
      SPL), moderate spontaneous rates (ca. 10 spikes/s), and a strong and sustained
      response to noise and single tone stimuli. Type D units show 'temporal
      inhibition' to two-tone stimuli, in that an excitatory response to the first tone
      suppresses (adapts or inhibits) the response to the second tone. These units
      generally have moderate to broad frequency tuning and phasic responses to single
      tone stimuli. Histological examination of electrode tracks suggests that Type A
      units are restricted to A1 (and possibly the rostral field) while other types are
      distributed over all auditory fields.

PMID- 4066512
TI  - The four factors leading to binaural masking-level differences.
AB  - A simple extension of the Webster-Jeffress model is presented together with its
      predictions for the effects of various stimulus parameters on the size of
      binaural masking-level differences (BMLDs). The four factors leading to BMLDs
      (just-noticeable differences (JNDs), temporal effects in simultaneous masking,
      binaural interaction, and temporal effects in non-simultaneous masking) are
      described, new measurements of the effect of signal duration on the detectability
      of interaural delay are presented, and the high degree of correlation between
      observers' sensitivity to changes in level and their sensitivity to changes in
      interaural delay is demonstrated. A number of examples illustrating where
      knowledge of JNDs for level and interaural delay and their joint dependence on
      certain stimulus parameters are sufficient to predict BMLDs are discussed.

PMID- 4066513
TI  - A case study of monaural diplacusis.
AB  - A detailed examination of a case of monaural diplacusis is reported. Low
      intensity pure tones presented within a certain frequency range do not sound
      "pure"; instead, the percept is that of "roughness", "multiple tones" or "beats".
      In addition, an aftertone is heard upon the cessation of certain tones.
      Psychophysical experiments (e.g., simultaneous masking, best beats and pitch
      matching) suggest that the monaural diplacusis results from an interaction
      between the external tone and an internal tone. The internal tone, however, does
      not appear to be manifest as a spontaneous oto-acoustic emission.

PMID- 4066514
TI  - Adaptation effects on amplitude modulation detection: behavioral and
      neurophysiological assessment in the goldfish auditory system.
AB  - The ability of goldfish to detect the presence of amplitude modulations (AM)
      impressed on 200, 570 and 800 Hz tones was measured under stimulus conditions
      producing intermittent, short-term adaptation and continuous, long-term
      adaptation. Sensitivity to AM under intermittent conditions increased as a
      function of modulation rate, with thresholds of AM detection occurring between 10
      and 25% modulation at 10 Hz and around 2% modulation at 100 Hz. AM sensitivity
      was independent of carrier frequency and did not change under randomly varying
      intensity changes. Under long-term adaptation, thresholds of AM detection ranged
      from 1.3% at 100 Hz to 2.1% at 10 Hz, showing increased sensitivity and less
      dependence on modulation rate. The effects of overall intensity on AM sensitivity
      were the same for both conditions, with sensitivity being relatively independent
      of overall signal level at 10 Hz modulation and dependent on level at 100 Hz. The
      responses of goldfish auditory neurons to modulated and unmodulated signals were
      measured under stimulus conditions similar to those for behavioral studies.
      Single saccular neurons responded to modulated signals with both an increase in
      average rate above that evoked by the unmodulated signal and with phase-locking
      to the AM envelope. Rate increments and phase-locking responses were observed in
      neurons showing significant short-term adaptation to the unmodulated signal,
      whereas neurons showing no increase in rate or synchronization to the AM envelope
      showed little or no adaptation to the unmodulated signal. The effects of overall
      intensity, modulation rate and adaptation duration on neural responses were
      similar to behaviorally measured effects. These results show that adaptation
      affects AM detection and that phase-locking to the AM envelope is the most likely
      basis for behavioral detection.

PMID- 4066515
TI  - Differential susceptibility of avian hair cells to acoustic trauma.
AB  - Five groups of 10-day-old chicks were continuously exposed to either 500 or 1500
      Hz pure tone at 125 dB for 4 or 12 h and killed 10 days later. The basilar
      papillae were fixed, embedded in plastic, sectioned, and hair cells were counted
      according to type: tall or short. Short hair cells were found to be more
      susceptible to acoustic overstimulation than tall hair cells. Further, the
      position of maximum short hair cell loss varied along the length of the basilar
      papilla as a function of the exposure frequency while the position of tall hair
      cell loss did not. Similarities between morphological response of short hair
      cells in avians after acoustic trauma and outer hair cells in mammals are
      discussed.

PMID- 4066516
TI  - Hearing range of the domestic cat.
AB  - The behavioral audiograms of two cats were determined in order to establish the
      upper and lower hearing limits for the cat. The hearing range of the cat for
      sounds of 70 dB SPL extends from 48 Hz to 85 kHz, giving it one of the broadest
      hearing ranges among mammals. Analysis suggests that cats evolved extended high
      frequency hearing without sacrifice of low-frequency hearing.

PMID- 4066517
TI  - Comments on 'Very rapid adaptation in the guinea pig auditory nerve' (by G.K.
      Yates, D. Robertson and B.M. Johnstone.

PMID- 4066518
TI  - A mechanism for stimulated acoustic emissions in the cochlea.
AB  - Stimulated acoustic emissions in the cochlea are explained in terms of its
      hydraulic properties. The mathematical model predicts that these 'echoes' are
      caused by reflections which result from a discontinuity in the resistive and
      reactive components of the impedance which occurs at resonance. This
      discontinuity is a direct result of the wavelength-dependent nature of the fluid
      inertance and occurs without the consideration of non-linearities. Calculations
      of the time delay of tone bursts to and from the places of reflection by
      determination of the group velocity agree with observations of the response
      latencies for the frequencies concerned.

PMID- 4066519
TI  - Intermodulation distortion in the cochlea: could basal vibration be the major
      cause of round window CM distortion?
AB  - Acoustic and cochlear microphonic (CM) distortion products (DPs) have been
      measured at the meatus and round window, respectively, in the gerbil. It was
      hoped to deduce the relationship between round window CM distortion and
      vibrational energy of cochlear origin recorded as acoustic DP emissions in the
      meatus. Five different distortion components have been studied. For moderate
      intensities of stimulation, correlation between ear canal acoustic and CM
      distortion signals in respect of level and delay provides evidence of a common
      transmission path. One explanation of this is that the CM is being generated as a
      direct result of cochlea-generated vibration which reaches the base of the
      cochlea. The basalward propagation of these signals is discussed.

PMID- 4066520
TI  - Age-dependent effects of a pure tone trauma in the chick basilar papilla:
      evidence for a development of the tonotopic organization.
AB  - 58 chicks or chick embryos were continuously exposed during 12 h on either
      embryonic day 18 or 20 or on post-hatching days 1, 10, 20 or 30 to 1.5 kHz pure
      tone at an intensity of 125 dB SPL. After a 20- or 30-day survival time,
      audiograms were recorded and then the basilar papillae were prepared for scanning
      electron microscopy. The frequency of maximum threshold elevation was seen at
      about 4 kHz when the chicks were exposed to the traumatic tone at embryonic day
      18. It was shifted toward lower frequencies when the exposure was done at later
      stages. This shifting ended when the animals were exposed one day after hatching.
      After this stage, the maximum threshold elevation stabilized about one octave
      above the frequency of the traumatic tone. The position of maximum anatomical
      damage was located at 29.14% of the total length of the basilar papilla measured
      from the base when the exposure was done at embryonic day 20. It was shifted to
      37% when the chicks were exposed one day after hatching or later. These results
      are in good agreement with recent hypotheses on development of the place
      principle. This development change seems to end at post-natal day 1 which also
      corresponds to the end of the anatomical and functional maturation of the basilar
      papilla.

PMID- 4066521
TI  - Role of suppressive interactions in the cochlear microphonic response to wide
      band clicks.
AB  - Cochlear microphonic responses (CM) were recorded from the guinea pig cochlea
      with conventional differential electrodes implanted in the first and second
      turns. The CM frequency functions were determined by calculating the Fast Fourier
      Transform of responses to wide-band clicks. These frequency functions appeared to
      be dependent upon the spectrum of the click. This effect was interpreted as
      resulting from suppressive interactions between the various components of the
      click. It is suggested that such CM interactions are related to corresponding
      effects reported previously concerning cochlear nerve responses.

PMID- 4066522
TI  - Adaptation in hearing-impaired ears: effects of intermediate duration stimuli.
AB  - Recovery from adaptation was measured in acoustically-traumatized ears of cats
      for pure-tone adapters 1-60 s in duration at levels of 60-100 dB SPL. Adaptation
      was assessed by measuring the whole nerve action potentials in response to pure
      tone stimuli. Effects of changing probe frequency and of changing adapter
      duration were measured. Impaired ears showed less adaptation than normal ears for
      adapters of similar SPL, but they showed relatively normal spread of adaptation
      across probe frequency. The effect was larger for long duration stimuli than for
      short duration stimuli.

PMID- 4066523
TI  - An energy-dependent step in aminoglycoside ototoxicity: prevention of gentamicin
      ototoxicity during reduced endolymphatic potential.
AB  - Guinea pigs received a bolus of gentamicin (10 mM for 5 min) by perilymphatic
      perfusion which normally led to an irreversible loss of the cochlear microphonic
      potential (CM). Various experimental conditions that reduced the endolymphatic
      potential (EP) were then superimposed on the gentamicin application. Reversible
      reductions in EP (and, concomitantly, in CM) were induced by asphyxia (3 min),
      intravenous furosemide (50 mg/kg), and perilymphatic perfusion of aminooxyacetic
      acid (10 mM). When the administration of gentamicin was initiated at the time of
      maximal EP reduction the usual irreversible gentamicin-induced decline of CM was
      prevented. The results indicate that a metabolic process is essential in the
      expression of gentamicin toxicity. The data are consistent with the inhibition of
      an energy-dependent transport of the aminoglycoside. Alternatively, the data are
      also compatible with the hypothesis that entry of gentamicin into hair cells is
      prevented by a reduction in their transmembrane electrical potential.

PMID- 4066524
TI  - Temporal response features of cat auditory cortex neurons contributing to
      sensitivity to tones delivered in the presence of continuous noise.
AB  - Single cat auditory cortex neurons have limited intensity dynamic ranges for
      characteristic frequency (CF) tones. In the presence of continuous wide-spectrum
      noise, these cells' tone responses undergo a dynamic range shift towards higher
      SPLs. In the present study, the mechanisms underlying this dynamic range shift
      were examined by probing the sensitivity of the cells to CF tones delivered at
      various delays after the onset and/or offset of a long duration noise mask. Fifty
      cells were studied in the cortex of 7 anesthetized cats using acoustically mixed
      tonal and noise stimuli presented monaurally to the contralateral ear through a
      calibrated, sealed stimulating system. For most neurons, the dynamic range shift
      induced by continuous noise was fully developed in the responses to CF tones
      delivered 100-250 ms after the onset of a noise mask. For nonmonotonic cells,
      shorter delays between noise and tone onsets resulted in a profound suppression
      of tone responses that was consistent with the view that noise stimuli evoke a
      short latency, but transient, inhibitory response in these neurons. Studies of
      monotonic cells with short tone delays revealed that the usual excitatory
      response to noise onset was sometimes followed by a period of inhibition. In most
      cells, as soon after mask onset that CF tones were able to evoke spike
      discharges, those responses had latent periods comparable to those of responses
      to tones of the same SPL delivered in continuous noise. After the offset of an
      800 ms noise mask effecting a 15-25 dB dynamic range shift for CF tones, recovery
      of tone sensitivity to within 5 dB of control levels typically took 50-200 ms. On
      the basis of these observations, it is argued that in order for a CF tone to
      excite a cortical neuron after the onset of a noise mask, the tone amplitude must
      be sufficient to overcome both the transient central neural consequences of noise
      onset, and a short-term adaptation that is probably peripheral in origin. The
      implications of these data for the sensitivity of cortical cells to temporally
      varying stimuli are discussed.

PMID- 4066525
TI  - Effect of pre- and postweaning zeranol implant on steer calf performance.
AB  - One hundred ninety-five steer calves were assigned to five zeranol implant
      treatment (trial 1). Treatments were no implants (0000), two implants during the
      finishing period (00XX), three implants during growing and finishing periods
      (0XXX), one implant at 1 to 2 mo of age during the suckling period and two during
      the finishing period (X0XX) or four implants (XXXX). The growing period implant
      was administered at weaning. Weaning weights (211 vs 208 kg) of implanted and
      nonimplanted suckling calves were not different (P greater than .05). Calves
      implanted at weaning, before shipment to the feedlot, had greater (P less than
      .05) weight loss in shipment than nonimplanted calves. In the feedlot, finishing
      period daily gains of steers implanted in the growing and finishing period (0XXX)
      were greater (P less than .05) than gains of steers that had received a suckling
      period implant (X0XX and XXXX). Nonimplanted steer gains were less (P less than
      .05) than gains of steers from the other four treatment groups. Postweaning daily
      gains and final weights were 1.18 and 517 (0000), 1.26 and 533 (00XX), 1.32 and
      551 (0XXX), 1.26 and 540 (X0XX) and 1.25 and 533 kg (XXXX), respectively. Gains
      and final weights of nonimplanted steers were less (P less than .05) than gains
      of steers implanted only in the feedlot growing and finishing periods (0XXX). In
      a second trial, 82 steers were assigned either to a 0XXX or XXXX implant scheme.
      Weaning weights were 11 kg greater (P less than .05) for the implanted
      steers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4066526
TI  - A quantitative ethogram of aggressive and submissive behaviors in recently
      regrouped pigs.
AB  - Twenty prepubertal Yorkshire X Hampshire pigs were mixed in groups of four. Their
      behaviors were recorded on video tape for 48 h, and a detailed behavioral
      analysis was performed. Aggressive interactions of 10 unique pairs of pigs were
      observed. Twenty-five distinct behavioral categories were identified in the total
      data set, which contained 1,846 behaviors. On average, an interacting pair showed
      92 behavioral elements (range: 10 to 307). Eighty-one percent of the behaviors
      observed consisted of bites and pushes given and received. Bites were targeted
      mainly at the ears (55%), face (17%) and neck (23%). Most bites to the rump and
      turning the body 180 degrees occurred during the last third of the fight. Pigs
      that eventually won fights showed higher incidences of ear bites and lower
      incidences than expected of head-under-head pushing and body-turning. Pigs that
      lost fights showed higher frequencies of head-under-head pushing and body
      turning. Losers also showed a lower frequency of rump biting. Overall, many of
      the behaviors performed by the losing pigs were followed by the loser receiving
      an ear bite. Body-turning was a sign of submission and was always preceded by,
      and often followed, ear-biting. Once a pig showed body-turning, it generally
      avoided further face-to-face interaction. Behaviors exhibited as signs of
      submission were found in each of the 10 pairs observed.

PMID- 4066527
TI  - Plasma thyroid hormones, growth and carcass measurements of genetically obese and
      lean pigs as influenced by thyroprotein supplementation.
AB  - A 2 X 2 factorial arrangement with two genotypes of pigs (genetically obese and
      lean) and two dietary treatments (basal, a 16% protein corn-soybean meal standard
      grower diet, and basal +220 ppm thyroprotein as iodinated casein) was used. The
      28 gilts were housed individually and fed ad libitum from 121 d of age until
      slaughtered at 99 kg body weight. Compared with lean pigs, genetically obese pigs
      had significantly lower average daily gain and gain/feed, greater backfat
      thickness, smaller loin eye area, shorter carcass length and lower circulating
      plasma triiodothyronine (T3) concentration. However, both total plasma and free
      thyroxine (T4) concentrations were similar comparing obese and lean pigs.
      Supplementation with thyroprotein increased circulating plasma concentration of
      both total and free T4 and produced interactions with genotype in affecting daily
      gain and gain/feed of pigs. Thyroprotein reduced both daily gain and gain/feed in
      obese pigs, but increased daily gain and gain/feed in lean pigs. It is suggested,
      similar to the case with obese mice, that heat production of our genetically
      obese pigs may be more sensitive to thyroprotein administration compared with
      similar treatment of lean animals.

PMID- 4066528
TI  - The influence of dietary selenium levels on blood levels of selenium and
      glutathione peroxidase activity in the horse.
AB  - Twenty mature geldings, averaging 535 kg, were used to determine the influence of
      dietary selenium (Se) on the blood levels of Se and Se-dependent glutathione
      peroxidase (SeGSH-Px) activity in the horse. Horses were randomly assigned within
      breed to four treatments consisting of five horses each and fed a basal diet
      containing .06 ppm of naturally occurring Se. Diets were supplemented with .05,
      .10 and .20 ppm Se, as sodium selenite. Blood was drawn for 2 wk before, and for
      12 wk following, the inclusion of supplement Se in the diets. Whole blood and
      plasma Se concentrations and plasma SeGSH-Px activities were determined from all
      blood samples. Selenium concentrations in plasma and whole blood increased
      linearly from wk 1 to wk 5 and 6, respectively, in Se-supplemented horses. After
      these times, no significant changes in Se concentration were observed in Se
      supplemented or in unsupplemented horses throughout the remainder of the 12-wk
      trial. Plasma Se reached plateaus of .10 to .11, .12 to .14, and .13 to .14
      micrograms/ml in horses supplemented with .05, .10 and .20 ppm Se, respectively.
      Whole blood Se reached plateaus of .16 to .18, .19 to .21, and .17 to .18
      micrograms/ml in horses supplemented with .05, .10 and .20 ppm Se, respectively.
      Plasma SeGSH-Px activity was not significantly affected by dietary treatment.
      Therefore, this enzyme was not a good indicator of dietary Se in these mature
      horses.

PMID- 4066529
TI  - Effects of feeding Kentucky 31 tall fescue seed infected with acremonium
      coenophialum to laboratory rats.
AB  - An endophytic fungus found in Kentucky 31 (KY-31) tall fescue has been associated
      with the "summer syndrome" (fescue toxicity) in grazing cattle. Four experiments
      were conducted to investigate the use of weanling rats as an animal model to
      study the fescue toxicity syndrome. When graded levels of fungus-infected (INF)
      or fungus-free (FF) KY-31 seed were fed, feed intake and growth rates were
      inversely related to the amount of INF seed in the diet. When diets containing
      50% seed were fed, rats eating INF seed had reduced (P less than .05) daily water
      consumption (9 vs 20 ml) and lowered (P less than .05) body temperatures (36.8 vs
      37.7 C) when compared with the FF treatments. Autoclaving the seed increased feed
      intake and growth rate of rats receiving both INF and FF seed diets, but daily
      gains continued to be less (P less than .05) in the rats fed autoclaved INF diets
      when compared with rats fed autoclaved FF diets (2.3 vs 6.8 g). Rats fed diets
      containing either 40% shredded wheat on which the fescue endophyte had been grown
      or 40% shredded wheat that was not innoculated did not differ in performance.
      Crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract, gross energy and dry matter digestibilities
      were enhanced (P less than .05) by the presence of INF seed in the diets when
      compared with the FF seed treatments. Crude protein and ether extract
      digestibilities and apparent biological value of fescue protein were not affected
      by presence of the fungus. The effect of INF seed on organ weights was
      inconsistent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4066530
TI  - Effect of sorghum grain variety and reconstitution on site and extent of starch
      and protein digestion in steers.
AB  - Hetero-yellow (HY), red (RED) and brown (BR, high tannin) sorghums were fed dry
      rolled or reconstituted (RED and BR only) to evaluate the effect of variety and
      reconstitution on the site and extent of starch and protein digestion in steers
      fitted with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulae. Processed grains were
      incorporated into 88% sorghum (DM basis) diets fed at 2% of body weight in a 5 X
      5 Latin square. Ruminal fermentation of organic matter, starch and protein tended
      to be lower for the dry-rolled RED than for either the dry-rolled HY or BR
      sorghum. Digestion of organic matter (OM) and starch in the small intestine was
      very low for dry-rolled sorghums. Total tract starch digestibility was lower for
      the dry-rolled RED sorghum (86.9%) than the BR (90.8%) and HY (91.4%). Nitrogen
      (N) digestibility ranged from 53.1% for the dry-rolled BR to 64.5% for the HY.
      Tannins were extensively (95.2%) degraded in the rumen, which may have enhanced
      fermentation of the BR sorghum. Reconstitution increased (P less than .05) total
      tract starch digestion of the RED and tended to increase starch digestion of the
      BR as well. Total N flow to the duodenum tended to increase with reconstitution,
      with most of the increase being due to greater (P less than .05) microbial-N.
      Reconstitution also increased (P less than .05) total-tract N digestibility of
      the RED. The response to reconstitution for the RED sorghum appeared to be due
      primarily to an increase (P less than .10) in the extent of fermentation of
      organic matter and starch in the rumen. Reconstitution of BR, however, enhanced
      disappearance of starch from the small intestine. In both cases, most (97.3%) of
      the digestible starch of the reconstituted sorghums had disappeared before the
      terminal ileum. In contrast, 14.5% (621 g) of the digestible starch of dry-rolled
      RED disappeared in the large intestine. Sorghum grain variety and reconstitution
      appear to alter site and extent of starch and protein digestion, which may result
      in variable performance of cattle fed sorghum grain diets.

PMID- 4066531
TI  - Cow type and the nutritional environment: nutritional aspects.
AB  - Numerous studies have been reported that relate to the influence of cattle type
      on production efficiency; however, most reported studies have been concerned with
      output characteristics. This review concentrates on the influence of cattle type
      on the input requirements and more specifically, energy requirements. Data are
      presented that show that energy is required for maintenance, growth, gestation
      and lactation and requirements for each of these functions vary among cattle
      types. Data are presented that suggest 70 to 75% of total annual energy
      requirements are required for maintenance functions and variation in requirements
      for maintenance appear to be greater than variation in requirements for growth,
      gestation or lactation. In general, variation in maintenance requirements appears
      to be positively associated with genetic potential for measures of production,
      e.g., rate of growth or milk production. Reported results suggest that animals
      having genetic potential for high productivity may have less advantage or be at a
      disadvantage in a more restrictive environment, suggesting the need for
      synchronization of production environment and germ plasm resources. Some of the
      sources of variation in maintenance requirements have been discussed. Data are
      cited that suggest little of the variation in maintenance energy expenditures is
      attributable to variation in total body composition per se. However, considerable
      evidence has accumulated to show that a relatively large proportion of
      maintenance energy expenditures can be attributed to energy expenditures of
      visceral organs, especially the liver and gastrointestinal tract. High rates of
      energy expenditures of these tissues appear to be directly or indirectly
      associated with the high rates of protein synthesis in these tissues. Greater use
      of differing research approaches and assimilation of the results are needed to
      develop an understanding of the reasons for variation among animals in
      maintenance energy expenditures or energetic efficiency.

PMID- 4066532
TI  - Nutrient utilization in lambs fed diets high in sodium or potassium.
AB  - Twenty-four wether lambs averaging 47 kg were used to study the effects of
      dietary K and Na additions on metabolism of lambs. Lambs were randomly allotted
      to four treatments and fed 900 g/d of the following: control diet consisting of
      50% ground tall fescue hay and 50% concentrate; K diet calculated to contain 4% K
      with K added as KCl; Na diet calculated to contain 4% Na with Na added as NaCl,
      and K-Na diet containing 2% K and 2% Na with K and Na added from the same sources
      as in the K and Na diets. Water intake and urine excretion were highest for lambs
      fed the Na diet. Dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) digestibilities were
      similar among treatments. The K-Na diet resulted in decreased (P less than .05)
      acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility compared with lambs fed the Na diet.
      Nitrogen (N) retention was highest (P less than .05) in lambs fed the K diet and
      lowest in those fed the Na diet. Rumen NH3-N was lower (P less than .05) in lambs
      fed the Na diet compared with controls. Rumen K at 2 and 6 h postfeeding was
      highest (P less than .05) and rumen Na at 6 h lowest (P less than .05) for lambs
      fed the K diet. Plasma K values at both sampling times were highest (P less than
      .05) in lambs fed the K diet. At 6 h postfeeding, plasma Mg was higher in control
      lambs compared with those fed the K-Na diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4066533
TI  - Bovine embryo transfer pregnancies. I. Abortion rates and characteristics of
      calves.
AB  - Data were obtained from 1,908 pregnancies resulting from bovine embryo transfer
      procedures. Responses examined included sex ratio, fetal, neonatal and preweaning
      death losses, birth weight and calving assistance. The sex ratio for 1,751 embryo
      transfer calves examined was 51.11% males. Cows older than 10 yr that had become
      repeat breeders produced more (P less than .05) male calves than other donors.
      Breed of embryo, age and quality of embryos at the time of transfer, embryo
      storage time from collection to transfer, asynchrony of recipient with donor
      estrus and number of palpable corpora lutea in superovulated donors were not
      related to sex ratio (P greater than .05). The abortion rate between 2 and 3 mo
      of gestation in embryo transfer recipients was 3.15%, and between 3 to 7 mo,
      2.14%. Neonatal and preweaning losses for 1,682 calves with complete information
      were 1) congenital defects, .54%; 2) death due to premature birth (7 to 8 mo of
      gestation), .18%; 3) dystocia-related deaths, 2.38%; 4) deaths of unknown causes
      at birth, 2.14%; 5) deaths of unknown causes from 24 h after birth to weaning,
      1.43%; 6) deaths due to calfhood diseases, 1.25% and 7) deaths due to
      environmental factors, 1.13%. Total losses of 2-mo pregnancies due to abortion or
      death of calves or recipients were 14%. Birth weight of embryo transfer calves
      changed .29 kg/d of deviation from average gestation length (P less than .005)
      for pregnancies within breeds. Birth weight was also affected (P less than .005)
      by donor breed and recipient breed and age. Male calves averaged 2.19 kg heavier
      (P less than .005) than females. Calving assistance was affected by donor breed;
      Angus calves required the least assistance (P less than .005). Hereford, Holstein
      and Limousin calves were similar and intermediate; Simmental calves needed the
      most calving assistance. Recipient breed and age influenced calving ease, with
      younger recipients of Angus and Hereford descent requiring more assistance
      (average calving score, 2.1) than both cow (1.3) and heifer (1.5) recipients of
      the larger Continental European breeds. Characteristics of 305 non-embryo
      transfer calves were not significantly different from 185 embryo transfer calves
      from the same farms. We conclude that embryo transfer calves did not differ from
      the non-embryo transfer population in any of the characteristics studied.

PMID- 4066534
TI  - Bovine embryo transfer pregnancies. II. Lengths of gestation.
AB  - Lengths of gestation were determined from 1,484 pregnancies resulting from embryo
      transfer procedures. Least-square means of lengths of gestation by breed of
      embryos (P less than .005) were: Holstein, 278.7; Angus, 281.0; Hereford, 285.7;
      Simmental, 287.6 and Limousin, 289.7 d. Recipient breed had a small effect on
      length of gestation (P less than .005). The length of gestation for recipients
      less than 4 yr old was 2.7 d shorter (P less than .005) than for older
      recipients. As asynchrony of recipient and donor estrus changed by 1 d, length of
      gestation changed linearly by .78 d (P less than .005). Male calves were carried
      1.4 d longer than females (P less than .005). Embryo age at time of transfer,
      embryo quality, length of embryo storage between collection and transfer, and
      donor age did not affect length of gestation significantly. Lengths of gestation
      of 185 embryo transfer pregnancies were 1.5 d longer (P greater than .1) than
      those of 305 matched control pregnancies from the same farms. We conclude that
      length of gestation of embryo transfer calves and length of gestation of non
      embryo transfer calves are influenced by similar factors.

PMID- 4066535
TI  - Effect of dietary fat on pig performance and dust levels in modified-open-front
      and environmentally regulated confinement buildings.
AB  - Four trials were conducted with 1,480 pigs (initial wt: 23 kg in trial 1,29 kg in
      trial 2 and 49 kg in trial 3 and 4) to determine the effect of dietary fat on pig
      performance, nutrient separation in an automated feed distribution system, dust
      levels in swine buildings and integrity of the respiratory system of swine. Two
      modified-open-front (B-1 and B-2) and two environmentally regulated (E-1 and E-2)
      growing-finishing buildings, of identical design, were used in each trial. In
      trial 1, 250 pigs (25 pens of 10 pigs/pen) in B-1 were fed a ground, mixed, corn
      soybean meal diet (15% crude protein) with added tallow (5%), and 250 pigs in B-2
      were fed the same diet but without added tallow. The assignment of diets to
      buildings were reversed in trial 2 in which 2.5% tallow was used instead of 5%.
      Each diet was fed ad libitum to pigs, and was distributed by an automated
      "Flexauger" system in trials 1 and 2. In each of trials 3 and 4, 120 pigs (12
      pens of 10 10 pigs/pen) in E-1 were fed a corn-soybean meal diet (14% crude
      protein) with added tallow (5%) and 120 pigs in E-2 were fed the same diet but
      without added tallow. Overall, pigs fed the diet with tallow gained faster (P
      less than .002), consumed less feed (P less than .02) and converted feed more
      efficiently (P less than .002) than those fed the diet without tallow in trials 1
      and 2. Pig performance was also improved by the addition of tallow to the diet in
      trials 3 and 4 (P less than .002). Crude protein, Ca, P and Cu contents of both
      diets were similar at each location sampled throughout the automated distribution
      system in trials 1 and 2. Addition of tallow to the diets reduced aerial dust
      levels, both with the feed distribution auger running (P less than .002) and
      without the auger running (P = .06) in trials 1 and 2. In trials 3 and 4, adding
      5% tallow to the diet reduced aerial dust concentrations of of particle sizes of
      14, 4, and 1.5 micron (P less than .002) and .4 micron (P = .07). The amount of
      settled dust was lower (P less than .001, trials 1, 3 and 4) when tallow was
      included in the diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4066536
TI  - The efficacy of salinomycin as a growth promotant for swine from 9 to 97 kg.
AB  - Six trials involving 586 pigs initially averaging 9 kg were conducted at three
      locations (two trials/location) to evaluate the effects of the dietary addition
      of 0, 27.5, 55, 82.5 and 110 ppm of a monocarboxylic polyether antibiotic,
      salinomycin, on feed intake, growth rate and feed efficiency of swine fed corn
      soybean meal-based diets. Over the total trial (9 to 97 kg), quadratic
      improvements in gain (P less than .01) and feed:gain (P less than .04) occurred
      with increasing level of salinomycin, but feed intake was not affected (P greater
      than .25). Mean improvements for all drug levels over control values for the
      total trial were 4.3% for daily gain (P less than .01) and 3.4% for feed:gain (P
      less than .01). For the total trial, rate and efficiency of gain were optimized
      in pigs fed the 82.5-ppm level of salinomycin with an improvement of 5.2% in
      daily gain and 4.8% in feed:gain over pigs fed the control diet. The absence of
      any significant trial X treatment interaction suggests that the nature of the
      response was not dependent on differences in environment, management or other
      factors that existed among trial locations.

PMID- 4066537
TI  - Developmental comparisons of boars and barrows: I. Growth rate, carcass and
      muscle characteristics.
AB  - The rate of gain, carcass measurements and three muscles were evaluated in 65
      crossbred boars representing 13 litters that were allotted at 4 wk of age to
      slaughter weight and treatment groups as follows: 1) 105 kg, castrated; 2) 105
      kg, intact; 3) 118 kg, intact; 4) 132 kg, intact and 5) 145 kg, intact. One
      barrow and four boars within a litter constituted a replicate and each replicate
      was penned separately. The growth rate of all boars to 105 kg constituted one
      group and was compared with the growth rate of barrows to 105 kg live body
      weight. Average daily gain from 4 wk until 105 kg did not differ significantly
      between boars and barrows. Growth rate of the boars continued at an increasing
      rate until they reached 87.3 kg live weight, while maximum daily gain of barrows
      occurred at 76.3 kg live weight or 11 kg less than that of boars. At 105 kg,
      boars had 31.3% less 10th rib backfat thickness and 2.9% greater carcass length
      than barrows, but longissimus muscle area did not differ. Barrows had greater
      backfat thickness at 105 kg than 145-kg boars. As live weight increased from 105
      to 145 kg, carcass length, 10th rib backfat thickness and longissimus area of
      boars increased (P less than .01) linearly. Fat-free muscle weights of the
      brachialis (BR), semitendinosus (ST) and longissimus (L) did not differ between
      boars and barrows at 105 kg. Boars at 105 kg had 1.3 and 1.7% more moisture in
      the BR and ST, respectively, than barrows. Percentage protein, total
      intramuscular fat and fiber diameter in the BR, ST and L muscles did not differ
      between boars and barrows at 105 kg or with increasing live weight in boars.
      Total RNA increased linearly (P less than .05) in the BR and ST as boars
      increased in live weight from 105 to 145 kg.

PMID- 4066538
TI  - Developmental comparisons of boars and barrows: II. Body composition and bone
      development.
AB  - Differences in total carcass bone, muscle and fat, and linear measurements of the
      tibia and radius were evaluated in barrows at 105 kg and boars at 105, 118, 132
      and 145 kg live body weight. The carcasses of five replicates were physically
      separated into skin, bone and soft tissues, and the linear measurements of the
      tibia and radius were obtained on seven replicates. At live weight of 105 kg,
      boars did not differ significantly in fat-free muscle, but they had 33.2% less
      fat, 11% greater bone weight and 14% greater skin weight than barrows. At 145 kg,
      boars had total carcass fat weight comparable with 105-kg barrows. Fat-free
      muscle, bone and skin weight of boars increased at linear rates of .41, .083 and
      .104 kg/kg of body weight increase from 105 to 145 kg, respectively. At 105 kg,
      density and length of the tibia and radius did not differ between boars and
      barrows. The tibia of boars were heavier than those of barrows at 105 kg,
      resulting in a greater ratio of tibia weight to length (indirect measure of bone
      thickness). As boars increased in live weight from 105 to 145 kg, total weight
      and length of the tibia and radius increased linearly. The ratio of weight to
      length of the tibia and radius increased during this 40-kg weight gain,
      indicating that weight of both bones increased at a greater rate than length.
      These results indicate that boars and barrows have the same weight of total
      carcass fat when boars are 40 kg heavier than the barrows. The greater bone
      weight of boar carcasses compared with barrows is due to greater bone thickness.

PMID- 4066539
TI  - The influence of empty body weight and mature weight of the genotype on energy
      density of empty body gain in growing lambs.
AB  - From data reported by authors who had serially determined the chemical
      composition of the empty body of growing lambs of a wide range of genotypes, the
      energy density of empty body gains (E/G) at intervals from 20 to 50 kg empty body
      weight (EBW) were estimated. Energy density of empty body gain was related to the
      EBW of these lambs and to an approximation of the mature weight for the genotype
      (MW) obtained from a separate data set. The addition of MW to the function
      relating E/G to EBW increased the r2 from .793 to .940 and reduced the residual
      standard deviation from .550 to .300 Mcal/kg. Combining EBW and MW as predictors
      of E/G provided the following function: E/G = 5.718 + .093 (EBW) - .036 (MW).
      Energy density of empty body gain was approximately constant across all genotypes
      when comparisons were made at a constant EBW/MW. Thus, both EBW and mature weight
      of the genotype are closely related to E/G and should be considered important for
      accurately predicting net energy of gain requirements for growing lambs.

PMID- 4066540
TI  - Ovulation rate and embryo survival during gestation and the effects of
      ovariectomy on maternal nurturing ability.
AB  - Correlated responses to selection for increased litter size were studied in mice.
      The selected line (L+) was compared with an unselected control line (K') in two
      experiments. The first experiment provided a profile of correlated changes in
      female reproductive traits at d 0, 6, 14 and 18 of gestation. Experiment two
      examined the effects of ovariectomy on d 18 of gestation, sham surgery and no
      surgery on litter size and maternal performance. Females of the L+ line had
      increased (P less than .001) body weight, ovulation rate and uterine length at d
      0 of gestation compared with K' females, but uterine weight and ovarian weight
      did not differ. Positive correlated responses (P less than .001) in uterine
      weight and length at d 6 and 14 of gestation were associated with a larger number
      of viable fetuses. Space per fetus was reduced (P less than .001) in the uterus
      of L+ females, but a lower fetal mortality was still maintained in L+ throughout
      gestation. Prenatal survival was about 10% higher (P less than .06) in L+, the
      major difference (P less than .01) occurring before implantation. A second
      experiment was conducted to determine the effect of ovariectomy on d 18 on litter
      size and maternal performance. In experiment two, no significant line X treatment
      interactions were found for maternal performance, indicating that both lines
      responded similarly to ovariectomy. Line L+ showed a positive correlated response
      in maternal performance. Ovariectomized females had a reduced (P less than .05)
      number born alive compared with sham-operated females, but the nonsurgically
      treated females were intermediate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4066541
TI  - Fatty acid composition of muscle and adipose tissue from crossbred bulls and
      steers.
AB  - Fatty acid composition of total lipid extracts of muscle and adipose samples from
      crossbred bulls (N = 34) and steers (N = 35) was determined by gas-liquid
      chromatography. Samples of semitendinosus, triceps brachii and longissimus muscle
      and of subcutaneous and perinephric adipose tissue were excised from the right
      side of each carcass. In addition, thin-layer chromatography was utilized to
      obtain phospholipid and triacylglycerol fractions from total lipid extracts of
      semitendinosus and longissimus muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue from 10
      bull and steer cohorts (N = 20). The most prominent sex condition effect was in
      percentage of total poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Bull tissues contained
      higher (P less than .01) percentages of PUFA than those of steers at all sampling
      sites. This reflected higher percentages of linoleate (C18:2), linolenate (C18:3)
      and arachidonate (C20:4) in bull tissues. Most of the PUFA were present as
      phospholipids in muscle samples. The fatty acid composition of muscle
      phospholipids was similar regardless of sex condition or muscle sampled. Total
      lipid extracts of semitendinosus and triceps brachii muscles of both bulls and
      steers contained from 6 to 10% more unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) compared with
      M. longissimus. Muscle triacylglycerols contained relatively high percentages of
      saturated fatty acids (SFA). Semitendinosus and longissimus samples from steers
      contained higher (P less than .05 and P less than .01, respectively) percentages
      of total SFA than those from bulls. Steer samples contained slightly higher
      percentages of palmitic acid (C16:0) compared with bulls at all sampling sites,
      and this difference was significant for M. longissimus. The fat:lean ratio of
      muscle tissue is the major factor that determines fatty acid composition.

PMID- 4066542
TI  - Effects of L-dopa supplementation on concentrations of brain catechols, dopamine
      receptor binding and the incidence of pale, soft and exudative meat in stress
      susceptible pigs.
AB  - The purpose of this research was to determine if chronic dietary L-DOPA
      supplementation will alter differentially the brain catechol concentrations,
      dopamine receptor binding (KD and Bmax) and the incidence of pale, soft and
      exudative (PSE) meat in stress-susceptible (SS) and stress-resistant (SR) pigs.
      Stress-susceptible and SR pigs were assigned randomly to these four groups: SS
      pigs as controls, SR pigs as controls, SS pigs with L-DOPA supplementation and SR
      pigs with L-DOPA supplementation. The experiment began when pigs weighed 23 kg
      and terminated when pigs weighed 95 kg. Anatomical brain structures removed at
      slaughter included hypothalamus, thalamus, cortex, cerebellum, olfactory bulb,
      caudate nucleus, putamen and substantia nigra. Concentrations of norepinephrine
      and dopamine were greater in the hypothalami of SS than of SR control pigs. The L
      DOPA supplementation eliminated the strain differences of brain catecholamine
      concentrations. Pigs fed L-DOPA had greater concentrations of
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in six of the eight brain regions analyzed than the
      controls. Dopamine receptor binding (Bmax and KD) of spiroperidol was similar in
      all four groups of pigs. Pale, soft and exudative pork developed to the same
      extent in SS pigs with or without L-DOPA treatment. The results suggest that L
      DOPA supplementation eliminates strain differences in brain catecholamine
      concentrations but does not alter PSE meat development or striatal dopamine
      receptor binding.

PMID- 4066543
TI  - Influence of dietary protein on blood cholesterol and related metabolites of
      growing calves.
AB  - Forty male, Holstein calves were utilized to evaluate effects of either low (12%)
      or high (25%) dietary protein on growth and serum metabolites, with a particular
      concern for serum cholesterol. All diets contained 19% acid detergent fiber and
      consisted of corn silage, alfalfa hay and grain mixtures. Average concentration
      of total serum cholesterol was depressed (P = .001) for calves on the high
      protein diets (58.8 mg/dl) as compared with their low-protein counterparts (67.9
      mg/dl). Calves fed the high-protein diet had lower (P = .002) free serum
      cholesterol but elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a percentage of
      total cholesterol. Calves receiving the high-protein diets showed increases (P =
      .206) in lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase activity compared with low-protein
      counterparts. Serum urea nitrogen was increased (P = .001) for calves fed high
      protein diets, while serum protein and glucose remained unchanged. Calves fed the
      high-protein diets consumed less dry matter with improved (P = .09) growth
      efficiency (gain/feed).

PMID- 4066544
TI  - Toxicological effects of gamma-irradiated sewage solids fed as seven percent of
      diet to sheep for four years.
AB  - Breeding ewes in drylot were fed pelleted complete diets with 3% cottonseed meal
      (CSM) or 7% dried, gamma-irradiated sewage solids (DGSS) for 4 yr. Cytochrome P
      450 (P-450) content and enzyme activities for xenobiotics biotransformations were
      assayed in livers after 2 yr and in livers, kidneys and ileal tissue after 4 yr.
      Dietary DGSS caused no increase in P-450 and few changes in activities of
      oxidative, hydrolative and conjugative biotransformational enzymes. Consumption
      of DGSS for 4 yr caused slight enlargement of spleens (1.1-fold, P less than .10)
      and ovaries (1.3-fold, P less than .10), but no change in size of livers,
      kidneys, hearts, adrenals and thyroids (P greater than .10), nor liver vitamin A
      levels (P greater than .10). Of 22 refractory lipophilic residues assayed in
      abdominal adipose tissue, few were detected and of those detected DGSS caused
      none to exceed normal levels. Dietary DGSS increased (P less than .01) Fe in
      livers 1.5-fold and in spleens 5.6-fold, and increased Cu in livers 1.3-fold (P
      less than .01) and in kidneys 1.2-fold (P less than .05). Dietary DGSS increased
      Cd levels in livers (P less than .01) but not in kidneys or spleens (P greater
      than .10); yet all Cd levels were within ranges for livestock fed conventional
      feed. Dietary DGSS caused no increase (P greater than .10) in levels of Ag, Ca,
      Cr, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb or Zn in livers, kidneys or spleens. There were
      no histopathological lesions of toxicosis except mild hemosiderosis of spleens.
      Consumption of a diet with 7% DGSS throughout 4 yr caused no hazardous
      accumulation of toxic elements and little, if any, evidence of toxicosis.

PMID- 4066545
TI  - Effects of interrupted photoperiods on the induction of ovulation in anestrous
      mares.
AB  - The ability of interrupted photoperiods to induce early estrus and ovulation was
      examined. Horse mares were exposed to long (16 h light) or short (10 h light),
      noninterrupted photoperiods, ambient light, or various interrupted photoperiod
      treatments from December 1 to April 15 (135 d). Follicular development was
      assessed by rectal palpation and estrous behavior was determined by teasing with
      a stallion. Serum concentrations of progesterone were used as an indicator of
      corpus luteum function. Differences among the light treatment groups were
      compared for the following behavioral and ovarian characteristics: days to first
      detectable 3-cm follicle, days to first estrous behavior, days to first
      ovulation, the number of mares ovulating within the treatment period, and the
      number of ovulations within the treatment period per mare. Compared with the
      ambient and 10L:14D (L = h of light and D = h of darkness) photoperiod
      treatments, ovulation was advanced to the greatest extent by a photoperiod of
      16L:8D and the interrupted photoperiod 10L:8D:2L:4D. These two stimulatory
      photoperiod treatments were characterized by the presence of light 8 to 10 h
      after dusk. Therefore, the present data are consistent with an external
      coincidence model for the induction of seasonal breeding in horses, with the
      photoinducible phase occurring within the period 8 to 10 h after dusk.

PMID- 4066546
TI  - Distribution and retention of spermatozoa with acrosomal and nuclear
      abnormalities in the cow genital tract.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the fate of sperm following uterine
      insemination. In Exp. I, five pairs of Holstein cows were inseminated with egg
      yolk-Tris extended semen (approximately 1.0 X 10(9) sperm; .5 ml) from five
      ejaculates from a single bull that had high levels (approximately 70%) of
      morphologically abnormal sperm. Cows were slaughtered 12 h after insemination.
      The genital tracts were removed and promptly clamped into defined regions. Sperm
      were recovered by flushing with 2.9% sodium citrate buffer. Proportions of
      abnormal sperm in the various regions were compared with those in the inseminate.
      Sperm numbers were also determined from each region. Regions of the tract varied
      in number of sperm (P less than .001), proportions of knobbed acrosomes (P less
      than .001), tapered heads (P less than .001), protoplasmic droplets (P less than
      .001), tail abnormalities (P less than .029) and total abnormalities (P less than
      .002). A total of 63.5 +/- 6.4 X 10(6) sperm was recovered. These sperm were
      distributed throughout the tract as follows: vagina, 91.8%; cervix, 5.4%; uterine
      horns, 2.7%, and uterotubal junctions-isthmi, .04%. No sperm were recovered from
      ampullae. Because retrograde movement of sperm from the uterus occurred in Exp.
      I, we conducted Exp. II to determine the extent of sperm loss from the genital
      tract following insemination. Three pairs of Holstein cows were inseminated with
      .42 X 10(9) sperm (.5 ml; egg yolk-Tris extender) from the same bull used in Exp.
      I (three ejaculates). All discharged mucus and urine was collected for 12 h after
      insemination for recovery of sperm. Aspirates (approximately 1 ml) of mucus from
      the vagina were evaluated during the 12-h post-insemination period for numbers of
      sperm and leucocytes. Sperm were also recovered from the tract following
      slaughter (approximately 12 h) to determine retention. Overall, 73 +/- 3.7% of
      inseminated sperm were recovered. Components were: inseminate lost from the
      genital tract in discharged mucus, 60 +/- 4.6%; lost in urine, .06 +/- .02%;
      aspirated from the vagina, 4.4 +/- 1%; adhered to equipment, 1.3 +/- .3%, and
      retained in the genital tract, 6.5 +/- 1.6%. Predicted numbers of sperm contained
      in discharged mucus 2 h post-insemination were greater (P less than .009) than at
      subsequent hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4066547
TI  - Blood flow and steroid and nutrient uptake of the gravid uterus and fetus of
      sows.
AB  - Uterine and umbilical blood samples and blood flow (BF) measurements were
      obtained from one uterine horn and a single fetus of sows at d 70, 90 and 110 of
      gestation. Concentrations of O2 in blood and of estrogen (E), progesterone (P),
      glucose, alpha-amino nitrogen (N) and urea N in plasma were determined. Fetal
      weights were .267 +/- .018, .633 +/- .019 and 1.208 +/- .073 kg on d 70, 90 and
      110, respectively. Uterine and umbilical BF remained constant with day of
      gestation, averaging 1.51 +/- .06 and .31 +/- .02 liters/min. Uptake of P by a
      uterine horn and fetus remained constant, but secretion of E by a uterine horn
      and uptake of E by a fetus increased (P less than .05) with stage of gestation.
      Uterine and fetal uptake of O2, glucose and alpha-amino N did not change and
      uptake of O2, glucose and alpha-amino N per kg fetus decreased (P less than .01)
      as gestation advanced. Secretion of urea N from the uterus was observed, with a
      concentration gradient from the fetal to the uterine circulations. Uterine and
      fetal respiratory quotients for glucose were .79 and .38, respectively. Thus,
      although glucose potentially served as a major energy source, a large portion of
      the energy requirements of the fetal pig were met by catabolism of other
      substrates. The decrease in umbilical BF and uptake of nutrients per kg fetus
      with day of gestation suggested that porcine fetal metabolism declined as
      pregnancy advanced.

PMID- 4066548
TI  - Effects of calcium source and level on site of digestion and calcium levels in
      the digestive tract of cattle fed high-concentrate diets.
AB  - The effect of calcium (Ca) source and level on site of digestion of an 88%
      concentrate diet was tested with four 431-kg, intestine-cannulated steers in a 4
      X 4 Latin square experiment. Diets, limit-fed at 1.3% of body weight, contained
      .25% Ca with no supplemental Ca (B), .40 or .48% Ca from addition of either .95%
      CaCl2-2H2O (Cl) or .65% CaCO3 (LL), or 1.11% Ca from addition of 2.5% CaCO3 (HL).
      No effects of source of Ca (CaCl2-2H2O vs CaCO3) were observed, although ruminal
      pH and ruminal ammonia-nitrogen (N) concentrations tended to be lower with Cl.
      Ruminal fluid dilution rate increased linearly (P less than .05) with the
      addition of Ca to the diet. Ruminal fluid dilution rate and volume were
      negatively related (r = -.72; P less than .01). Organic matter (OM) and starch
      digestibilities in the rumen tended to decline with the addition of Ca to the
      diet, while postruminal OM and starch disappearance increased (P less than .05)
      to compensate. Flow of N to the duodenum decreased (P greater than .05) with
      addition of Ca to the diet. Concentrations of soluble Ca found in ruminal and
      duodenal fluid increased linearly (P less than .05) with dietary Ca intake.
      Intestinal Ca disappearance increased linearly and quadratically (P less than
      .05) with increasing dietary Ca and exceeded 80% of Ca entering the small
      intestine. In a second experiment, the rate of in situ dry matter (DM)
      disappearance of rolled corn was not greatly altered by addition of Ca to the
      diet.

PMID- 4066549
TI  - Time course of volatile compound formation during refrigerated storage of
      naturally contaminated beef in air.
AB  - The microbial flora of naturally contaminated beef stored in air was similar to
      that frequently recorded for meat stored under gas permeable films. Compounds
      produced as a result of microbial growth were acetoin, diacetyl, 3-methyl-1
      butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, ethyl esters of acetic, propionic, butyric,
      isovaleric and hexanoic acids, methane thiol, dimethylsulphide, dimethyl
      disulphide, 1-undecene and 1,4-undecadiene. The first four compounds, which are
      known end-products of Brochothrix thermosphacta metabolism, were consistently
      detected at earlier stages of storage than the others, all of which have been
      shown to be produced by Pseudomonas spp. A pattern of odour development
      consistent with the chemical changes was also observed.

PMID- 4066550
TI  - A numerical taxonomic study of Flavobacterium-Cytophaga strains from dairy
      sources.
AB  - Phenotypic data on 203 Gram-negative non-fermentative bacteria of the
      Flavobacterium-Cytophaga group isolated from milk and butter were analyzed by
      numerical taxonomic techniques. Twenty reference strains including species of
      Flavobacterium, Cytophaga and strains of Pseudomonas paucimobilis were included
      in the study. Using the matching coefficient of Sokal & Michener with antibiotic
      susceptibility data included, 189 isolates were recovered in nine clusters. Six
      of these clusters were linked at or above the 85% S level while three were linked
      at or above the 79% S level. The largest cluster, representing 46.3% of the
      isolates, could be equated with Flavobacterium sp. Group IIb. Other clusters
      could be equated with Flavobacterium sp. L 16/1 (22.7% of isolates), F.
      balustinum (10.8% of isolates), F. breve (4.4%), F. multivorum (3.5%) and
      Cytophaga johnsonae (1.5%). The cluster resembling Flavobacterium sp. L 16/1 and
      a smaller unclassified cluster, were exceptional in being susceptible to the
      antibiotics cephalothin and penicillin G.

PMID- 4066551
TI  - The influence of milk and milk components on the attachment of bacteria to farm
      dairy equipment surfaces.
AB  - Glass, rubber and stainless steel surfaces were exposed to various types of
      bacteria in the presence of milk and a number of milk components under both
      static and agitated incubation conditions. Numbers of bacteria attaching were
      enumerated by epifluorescence microscopy. Results were affected by the different
      bacterial types, the nature of the attachment surface and the substances in which
      the bacteria were suspended with a Moraxella-like species, stainless steel and
      lactose and non-casein protein solutions respectively resulting in greatest
      numbers of cells attaching. Agitation had no marked influence on attachment.

PMID- 4066552
TI  - A note on the survival of Legionella pneumophila in stagnant tap water.
AB  - Tap water, from an experimental hot water system, containing a known virulent
      strain of Legionella pneumophila was stored in screw-capped bottles for 14
      months. Viable counts showed survival of L. pneumophila and at least three other
      bacterial species. This reinforces the view that L. pneumophila can survive in
      stagnant water for relatively long periods of time.

PMID- 4066553
TI  - A sensitive enzymic assay for benzylpenicillin.
AB  - A method has been developed for the determination of sodium benzylpenicillin
      concentrations in the range 3.3-33 micrograms/ml. 6-Aminopenicillanic acid is
      released from the benzylpenicillin by the action of the enzyme penicillin acylase
      and is estimated from its reaction with fluorescamine at pH 4. 7
      Aminocephalosporanic acid shows a similar trend to 6-aminopenicillanic acid in
      its reaction at pH 4. The open beta-lactam ring form of each compound shows
      little fluorescence with fluorescamine at pH 4 but shows strong fluorescence in
      the pH range 7-9. 6-Aminopenicillanic acid and its open beta-lactam ring form
      give different fluorescent responses to increasing volumes of a solution of the
      fluorigenic agent at pH 7.8. This effect can be used to estimate concentrations
      in a mixture of the two components providing other amino material is absent.

PMID- 4066554
TI  - [Diseases of the circulatory system in the National Sanatorium Oshima Seisho-en.
      I: Abnormal ECG findings and hypertension].

PMID- 4066555
TI  - [Diseases of the circulatory system in the National Sanatorium Oshima Seisho-en.
      II: Apoplexy--from January 1981 to March 1984].

PMID- 4066556
TI  - Antibiotics and host defence with special reference to phagocytosis by human
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

PMID- 4066557
TI  - Effects of tetracyclines on experimental Legionella pneumophila infection in
      guinea-pigs.
AB  - The activities of tetracycline, doxycycline and minocycline against Legionella
      pneumophila strain Philadelphia-1 were compared in vitro, in peritoneal
      macrophages and in-vivo experiments in guinea-pigs. Minocycline was the most
      effective in in-vitro minimum inhibitory concentration assays. In the assay
      measuring inhibitory effects of drugs on intracellular bacterial multiplication,
      minocycline and doxycycline were equally effective and tetracycline was the least
      effective of the three. In-vivo experiments were carried out using guinea-pigs
      infected intraperitoneally. From the analysis of cumulative survival rates, only
      minocycline had statistically significant effects. Doxycycline, however, did
      significantly prolong the infected animals' survival days. These data lend some
      support to the case reports showing that tetracycline derivatives are effective
      in the treatment of Legionnaires' disease.

PMID- 4066558
TI  - A follow-up survey of transferable, plasmid-encoded trimethoprim resistance in a
      general hospital (1975-1983).
AB  - Urinary isolates of bacteria resistant to trimethoprim were collected at the
      Whittington Hospital, London, during five three-monthly periods during 1975,
      1977, 1979, 1981, and 1983. Seventy-six transferable trimethorpim-resistant
      isolates so obtained were examined for their antibiotic resistance patterns,
      trimethoprim resistance (TpR) levels and plasmid molecular weights. Overall
      between 1975 and 1983 the frequency of transferable TpR rose from 10% to 40% of
      trimethoprim-resistant isolates, caused mainly by an increasing number of
      Escherichia coli isolates which cotransferred antibiotic resistance to
      trimethoprim, streptomycin and spectinomycin. From 1975-1979 the rise in the
      frequency of transferable TpR was due to a gradual increase amongst in-patient
      isolates but since 1979 transferable TpR rose rapidly due to a ten-fold increase
      in out-patient isolates.

PMID- 4066559
TI  - Recording of antimicrobial resistance of urinary tract isolates--effect of repeat
      samples on resistance levels.
AB  - The effect of including repeat urine samples on the trimethoprim resistance level
      of urinary tract isolates in outpatients and inpatients has been studied on the
      basis of consecutive urinary tract isolates collected in the Turku City Hospital
      in 1982 and from outpatients in the Turku area in 1984. In the Turku City
      Hospital trimethoprim resistance occurred in 49.1% of all strains studied and
      when repeat samples from the same patients were excluded only in 39.4% (P less
      than 0.001). In outpatients, the corresponding figures were 17.5% and 15.7%,
      respectively (P greater than 0.10). These findings call for care to exclude
      repeat urine samples especially in those collected from inpatients. The effect of
      catheter isolates on the resistance figures and division of samples according to
      the patients' age are also discussed.

PMID- 4066560
TI  - The mycoplasmacidal effect of herbicolin A.
AB  - This study was to determine if the inhibitory effect of herbicolin A to sterol
      requiring members of the class Mollicutes is due to a mycoplasmastatic or a
      mycoplasmacidal effect. Two strains were used as test organisms, Mycoplasma
      capricolum (California kid) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-960). Following
      exposure of the mycoplasmas to various inhibitory concentrations of herbicolin A
      for various periods of time, elimination of the antibiotic as a preliminary to
      demonstration of any surviving organisms was endeavoured by three different
      procedures: (a) serial dilution, (b) filtration through a membrane filter, and
      (c) separation of the organisms by centrifugation. The results of these
      experiments showed a mycoplasmacidal effect of herbicolin A.

PMID- 4066561
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of clavulanic acid, given in combination with amoxycillin, in
      volunteers.
AB  - To study the absorption and disposition of clavulanic acid, ten healthy men
      received one intravenous and one oral dose of 125 mg clavulanic acid in
      combination with amoxycillin. Serum and urine concentrations were measured with
      high-performance liquid chromatography. The mean terminal half-lives in serum
      were 0.97 and 0.94 h, respectively. Total serum clearance was 248 +/- 55 ml/min X
      1.73 m2. Renal clearance was 108 +/- 20 and 115 +/- 18 ml/min X 1.73 m2 after
      intravenous and peroral administration. Urinary recovery over 12 h was 49.4 +/-
      8.7% of the intravenous and 35.7 +/- 13.0% of the oral dose. The bioavailability
      of the oral dose averaged 60.0 +/- 23.1% but varied considerably (range 31.4
      98.8%), indicating very variable absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 4066562
TI  - Comparison of long-term, low-dose pivmecillinam and nitrofurantoin in the control
      of recurrent urinary tract infection in children. An open, randomized, cross-over
      study.
AB  - Thirty-five children with a history of vesicoureteric reflux or with recurrent
      urinary tract infections were randomly allocated to low-dose prophylactic
      treatment with pivmecillinam or nitrofurantoin. After 6-10 months they were
      crossed over to the alternate drug for another 6 months, but only 24 completed
      the study because of lack of compliance or intolerance to nitrofurantoin. There
      was no significant difference in the long-term prophylactic effect between the
      two drugs, the overall infection rate being 0.7/patient-year. Pivmecillinam was
      significantly better tolerated than nitrofurantoin (P = 0.01). Nitrofurantoin
      effected no major change in the faecal flora, and nearly all urinary infections
      occurring during long-term treatment were caused by Escherichia coli. In
      contrast, a marked reduction of E. coli and a marked increase in Gram-positive
      cocci were found in the faecal flora during treatment with pivmecillinam. Seventy
      per cent of infections were caused by Streptococcus faecalis and only 20% by E.
      coli during pivmecillinam treatment (P = 0.001).

PMID- 4066563
TI  - Longitudinal dispersion of gases measured in a model of the bronchial airways.
AB  - We investigated the longitudinal dispersion of helium (He), methane, acetylene,
      butane, sulfur hexafluoride, and octafluorocyclobutane (C4F8) in a clear plastic
      model of the human bronchial airways. The dimensions of the seven airway
      generations (0-6) of the model were chosen to be equal to those given by Weibel's
      model A (Morphometry of the Human Lung; New York: Academic, 1963). Total volume
      of the model amounts to 52 ml. A small bolus of each of the tracer gases was
      injected within 1 ms into a constant airflow at the inlet of the model, and the
      bolus dispersion curve was measured at the outlet by means of a mass
      spectrometer. Both inspirations and expirations were simulated; the four selected
      values of the flow rate (V) for each simulation were 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 1/s,
      respectively. The measured bolus dispersion curves were corrected for the
      response characteristics of the mass spectrometer. In this way, the basal shape
      of the dispersion curve could be shown to be Gaussian. No significant changes in
      the standard deviation (sigma v) (Ultman et al., J. Appl. Physiol. 44: 297-303,
      1978) of each tracer gas are found for the V values applied. sigma v increases
      significantly (approximately 50%), however, between the lightest (He) and the
      heaviest (C4F8) tracer gas used. The mean sigma v values of the 24 results (4 V
      values and 6 tracer gases) obtained for inspirations and expirations are 15.3 and
      13.6 ml, respectively.

PMID- 4066564
TI  - Muscle metabolism during exercise in the heat in unacclimatized and acclimatized
      humans.
AB  - The effect of heat acclimatization on aerobic exercise tolerance in the heat and
      on subsequent sprint exercise performance was investigated. Before (UN) and after
      (ACC) 8 days of heat acclimatization, 10 male subjects performed a heat-exercise
      test (HET) consisting of 6 h of intermittent submaximal [50% of the maximal O2
      uptake] exercise in the heat (39.7 degrees C dB, 31.0% relative humidity). A 45-s
      maximal cycle ride was performed before (sprint 1) and after (sprint 2) each HET.
      Mean muscle glycogen use during the HET was lower following acclimatization [ACC
      = 28.6 +/- 6.4 (SE) and UN = 57.4 +/- 5.1 mmol/kg; P less than 0.05]. No
      differences were noted between the UN and ACC trials with respect to blood
      glucose, lactate (LA), or respiratory exchange ratio. During the UN trial only,
      total work output during sprint 2 was reduced compared with sprint 1 (24.01 +/-
      0.80 vs. 21.56 +/- 1.18 kJ; P less than 0.05). This reduction in sprint
      performance was associated with an attenuated fall in muscle pH following sprint
      2 (6.86 vs. 6.67, P less than 0.05) and a reduced accumulation of LA in the
      blood. These data indicate that heat acclimatization produced a shift in fuel
      selection during submaximal exercise in the heat. The observed sparing of muscle
      glycogen may be associated with the enhanced ability to perform highly intense
      exercise following prolonged exertion in the heat.

PMID- 4066565
TI  - Tachyphylaxis to inhaled aerosolized histamine in anesthetized dogs.
AB  - Three consecutive dose-response curves to inhaled aerosolized histamine,
      separated by 1-h intervals, were obtained in 20 anesthetized mongrel dogs. In
      general, successive histamine dose-response curves shifted progressively
      rightward. Changes in pulmonary resistance (RL) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) in
      response to low concentrations of histamine were reproducible, but responses to
      high concentrations (sufficient to at least double RL or decrease Cdyn by at
      least 30%) decreased on successive dose-response curves. The concentration of
      histamine required to double RL increased significantly (P less than 0.05) from
      1.01 mg/ml on the first to 1.62 and 2.02 mg/ml on the second and third dose
      response curves. In contrast, consecutive methacholine dose-response curves were
      not significantly different. Indomethacin pretreatment (5 mg/kg iv) prevented
      histamine tachyphylaxis, whereas atropine (4 mg iv) did not. However,
      indomethacin did not alter base-line pulmonary mechanics or histamine
      responsiveness as measured on the first dose-response curve. We conclude that
      tachyphylaxis to inhaled aerosolized histamine occurs in anesthetized dogs. Our
      results are consistent with an important role for endogenous prostaglandins in
      modulating the airway responses to repeated histamine exposures.

PMID- 4066566
TI  - Physiological determinants of nocturnal arterial oxygenation in patients with
      obstructive sleep apnea.
AB  - Among patients with similar degrees of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) there is
      considerable variability in the degree of associated nocturnal hypoxemia. The
      factors responsible for this variability have not been clearly defined. Therefore
      we studied 44 patients with OSA to identify the physiological determinants of
      nocturnal arterial O2 saturation (SaO2). All patients underwent pulmonary
      function testing, arterial blood gas analysis, and overnight polysomnography.
      Mean nocturnal SaO2 ranged from 96 to 66% and apnea-hypopnea index from 11 to 128
      per hour of sleep. Several anthropometric, respiratory physiological, and
      polysomnographic variables that could be expected to influence nocturnal SaO2
      were entered into a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, with mean
      nocturnal SaO2 as the dependent variable. Three variables [awake supine arterial
      PO2 (PaO2), expiratory reserve volume, and percentage of sleep time spent in
      apnea] were found to correlate strongly with mean nocturnal SaO2 (multiple R,
      0.854; P less than 0.0001) and accounted for 73% of its variability among
      patients. Body weight, other lung volumes, and airflow rates influenced awake
      PaO2 and expiratory reserve volume but had no independent influence on nocturnal
      SaO2. In a further group of 15 patients with OSA a high correlation was obtained
      between measured nocturnal SaO2 and that predicted by the model (r = 0.87; P less
      than 0.001). We conclude that derangements of pulmonary mechanics and awake PaO2
      (generally attributable to obesity and diffuse airway obstruction) are of major
      importance in establishing the severity of nocturnal hypoxemia in patients with
      OSA.

PMID- 4066567
TI  - Effect of 71 ATA He-O2 on organ blood flow in the rat.
AB  - Cardiac output and organ blood flow to major organs were investigated in awake
      rats at 1 atmosphere absolute (ATA) air and at 71 ATA He-O2. Radioactively
      labeled microspheres [15 +/- 1 (SD) micron] were injected into the left ventricle
      during constant-rate arterial blood sampling at 1 ATA air and subsequently at 71
      ATA He-O2. Intra-arterial blood pressure was continuously recorded. The partial
      pressure of O2 was kept between 0.4 and 0.6 ATA. The results indicate that the
      mean blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and organ blood flow are
      essentially unaltered in the rat at 71 ATA except for increased blood flow to the
      liver (122%, P less than 0.05), whereas the blood flow to the adrenals, the
      diaphragm, and the leg muscle fell (P less than 0.05).

PMID- 4066568
TI  - Effects of uncompensated and compensated metabolic acidosis on canine diaphragm.
AB  - We investigated the effects of metabolic acidosis and compensated metabolic
      acidosis on force of contraction of the diaphragm in anesthetized dogs.
      Mechanically ventilated animals were prepared with an open thorax. A balloon was
      positioned beneath the diaphragm to measure transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi),
      and a plaster cast was placed around the abdomen to maintain length and geometry
      of the diaphragm. The force of contraction was evaluated by measuring Pdi during
      supramaximal phrenic stimulation at different frequencies and also during
      spontaneous inspiratory efforts. In 13 dogs with an arterial pH (pHa) of 7.38 and
      arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) of 36.5 Torr, metabolic acidosis was produced by infusion
      of HCl until pHa equaled 6.98 and PaCO2 equaled 36.4 Torr. Pdi at all frequencies
      greater than 10 Hz was significantly reduced (P less than 0.05). The dogs were
      then hyperventilated until pHa was 7.34 and PaCO2 was 12.8 Torr. Pdi was
      significantly reduced again at all frequencies (P less than 0.05) except 5 Hz.
      The percent reduction in Pdi by compensated acidosis was significantly greater at
      low-frequency stimulation than at high (P less than 0.05). Similar qualitative
      results were observed during spontaneous inspiratory efforts where Pdi was
      compared at constant magnitudes of diaphragmatic electromyograms. Twitch
      characteristics revealed that metabolic acidosis led to a significant shortening
      of twitch relaxation time (P less than 0.05), and compensated metabolic acidosis
      added to this effect a significant decrease in twitch amplitude (P less than
      0.05).

PMID- 4066569
TI  - Hypoxic induction of Ca2+-dependent action potentials in small pulmonary arteries
      of the cat.
AB  - Small pulmonary arteries (less than 300 micron) from cats were mounted in
      myographs to record mechanical and electrical responses to hypoxia. When these
      preparations were exposed to a PO2 of 30-50 Torr after equilibration at 300 Torr
      they consistently developed active force, which increased or decreased in
      amplitude as [Ca2+] was raised or lowered, respectively, and was blocked on
      addition of verapamil. Intracellular electrical recording with glass
      microelectrodes demonstrated membrane depolarization and action potential
      generation when PO2 was lowered. Steady-state voltage vs. applied current curves
      obtained before and during hypoxia showed a significant reduction in input
      resistance. The relationship between membrane potential and extracellular K+ was
      not different during hypoxia compared with control, suggesting that there were
      not marked changes in K+ permeability under this condition. In the presence of
      verapamil to block Ca2+ inward current the hypoxia-induced action potentials were
      abolished concomitant with partial membrane repolarization. The results of these
      studies suggest that in certain isolated pulmonary arteries hypoxia induces
      contraction by a mechanism involving an increased Ca2+ conductance. These data
      suggest that the sensor involved in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction may lie
      within the vessel wall and somehow mediates changes in smooth muscle ionic
      conductances.

PMID- 4066570
TI  - Thermoregulatory and blood responses during exercise at graded hypohydration
      levels.
AB  - We studied the effects of graded hypohydration levels on thermoregulatory and
      blood responses during exercise in the heat. Eight heat-acclimated male subjects
      attempted four heat-stress tests (HSTs). One HST was attempted during
      euhydration, and three HSTs were attempted while the subjects were hypohydrated
      by 3, 5, and 7% of their body weight. Hypohydration was achieved by an exercise
      heat regimen on the day prior to each HST. After 30 min of rest in a 20 degrees C
      antechamber the HST consisted of a 140-min exposure (4 repeats of 10 min rest and
      25 min treadmill walking) in a hot-dry (49 degrees C, 20% relative humidity)
      environment. The following observations were made: 1) a low-to-moderate
      hypohydration level primarily reduced plasma volume with little effect on plasma
      osmolality, whereas a more severe hypohydration level resulted in no further
      plasma volume reduction but a large increment in plasma osmolality; 2) core
      temperature and heart rate responses increased with severity of hypohydration; 3)
      sweating rate responses for a given rectal temperature were systematically
      decreased with severity of hypohydration; and 4) the reduction in sweating rate
      was more strongly associated with plasma hyperosmolality than hypovolemia. In
      conclusion, an individual's thermal strain increases linearly with the severity
      of hypohydration during exercise in the heat, and plasma hyperosmolality
      influences the reduction in sweating more profoundly than hypovolemia.

PMID- 4066571
TI  - Effects of leukotriene D4 on mucociliary and respiratory function in allergic and
      nonallergic sheep.
AB  - We determined the effect of aerosol challenge with leukotriene D4 (LTD4) on
      specific lung resistance (sRL) and tracheal mucous velocity (TMV) in conscious
      sheep with (allergic) and without (nonallergic) Ascaris suum hypersensitivity. In
      allergic sheep LTD4 in concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 micrograms/ml produced
      dose-dependent increases in mean sRL by 44 (P = NS), 154 (P less than 0.05), and
      233% (P less than 0.05), respectively. The increase in sRL produced by 150
      micrograms/ml LTD4 was prevented by FPL 55712, an antagonist of slow-reacting
      substance of anaphylaxis. In nonallergic sheep 150 micrograms/ml LTD4 failed to
      elicit a significant change in sRL. In contrast to the changes in airway
      mechanics, concentrations of LTD4 as low as 25 micrograms/ml produced significant
      decreases in TMV in allergic sheep. The maximum decrease in TMV at this dose
      occurred 2 h after challenge; with larger doses of LTD4 (100 and 150
      micrograms/ml) the maximum effect was observed 3 h after challenge. Furthermore,
      150 micrograms/ml LTD4 reduced TMV in nonallergic sheep (mean decrease 43%, P
      less than 0.05). FPL 55712 only had a minor effect on the LTD4-induced decreases
      in TMV. We conclude that allergic sheep exhibit greater airway responsiveness to
      inhaled LTD4 than nonallergic sheep but that this difference is not evident for
      the concomitant changes in mucociliary transport. This suggests that the allergic
      state is associated with an increased responsiveness to LTD4 in tissues
      controlling airway caliber but not in those contributing to mucociliary function.

PMID- 4066572
TI  - Respiration during hypothermia: effect of rewarming intermediate areas of ventral
      medulla.
AB  - We studied respiration (phrenic nerve activity) during progressive hypothermia to
      as low as 30.5 degrees C in five anesthetized, paralyzed, glomectomized, and
      vagotomized cats. PCO2 was maintained at a constant level throughout the
      experiments. We confirmed the results of a previous study (J. P. Kiley, F. L.
      Eldridge, and D. E. Millhorn, J. Appl. Physiol. 58: 295-312, 1985) in which
      respiratory minute output decreased progressively with cooling and respiratory
      frequency decreased markedly. In addition we show that focal rewarming to normal
      temperature (37.5 degrees C) of the structures in the intermediate areas on the
      ventral surface of the medulla resulted in a significant reversal of the
      depressed respiratory minute activity observed with hypothermia. Respiratory
      frequency, however, was unaffected by intermediate area rewarming. We conclude
      that the decreased respiratory activity during hypothermia is due to a
      generalized interference with neural function. A major portion of these effects
      is due to cooling of the intermediate areas, but the slowing of respiratory
      frequency appears to be an independent effect.

PMID- 4066573
TI  - Antagonism by theophylline of respiratory inhibition induced by adenosine.
AB  - The effects on respiration of an analogue of adenosine, L-2-N6
      (phenylisopropyl)adenosine (PIA), and of the methylxanthine, theophylline, were
      determined in 19 vagotomized glomectomized cats whose end-tidal PCO2 was kept
      constant by means of a servo-controlled ventilator. Integrated phrenic nerve
      activity was used to represent respiratory output. Our results show that PIA,
      whether given systemically or into the third cerebral ventricle, depressed
      respiration. Systemically administered theophylline stimulated respiration.
      Theophylline given intravenously, or into the third ventricle not only reversed
      the depressive effects of previously administered PIA but caused further
      increases of respiration above the control level. Prior systemic administration
      of theophylline blocked both respiratory and hypotensive effects of subsequently
      administered PIA. Effects of either agent on medullary extracellular fluid pH did
      not explain the results. We conclude that the adenosine analogue PIA, acts to
      inhibit neurons in the brain that are involved in the control of respiration and
      that its effects are blocked by theophylline. We suggest that adenosine acts as a
      tonic modulator of respiration and that theophylline stimulates breathing by
      competitive antagonism of adenosine at neuronal receptor sites.

PMID- 4066574
TI  - Incompatibility of endurance- and strength-training modes of exercise.
AB  - Twenty-two male and female subjects trained for 7 wk for endurance (group E), for
      strength (group IS), or for both strength and endurance (group C) to evaluate the
      effect of concurrent performance of both modes of training on the in vivo force
      velocity relationship of human muscle and on aerobic power. Endurance training
      consisted of five 5-min sessions three times a week on cycle ergometer with a
      work load that approached the subject's peak cycle-ergometer O2 uptake (peak CE
      VO2). Strength training consisted of two 30-s sets of maximal knee extensions per
      day performed on an isokinetic dynamometer three times a week at a velocity of
      4.19 rad X s-1. Group C performed the same training as groups IS and E,
      alternating days of strength and endurance training. Subjects (groups C and IS)
      were tested pre- and posttraining for maximal knee-extension torque at a specific
      joint angle (0.52 rad below horizontal) for seven specific angular velocities (0,
      0.84, 1.68, 2.81, 3.35, 4.19, and 5.03 rad X s-1). Groups C and E were tested for
      peak CE VO2 pretraining, at 14-day intervals, and posttraining. Group IS showed
      significant increases in angle-specific maximal torque at velocities up to and
      including the training speed (4.19 rad X s-1). Group C showed increases (P less
      than 0.05) at velocities of 0, 0.84, and 1.68 rad X s-1 only. Peak CE VO2, when
      expressed in relative or absolute terms, increased (P less than 0.05)
      approximately 18% for both groups E and C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4066576
TI  - Effects of acute pleural effusion on respiratory system mechanics in dogs.
AB  - We determined regional (Vr) and overall lung volumes in six head-up anesthetized
      dogs before and after the stepwise introduction of saline into the right pleural
      space. Functional residual capacity (FRC), as determined by He dilution, and
      total lung capacity (TLC) decreased by one-third and chest wall volume increased
      by two-thirds the saline volume added. Pressure-volume curves showed an apparent
      increase in lung elastic recoil and a decrease in chest wall elastic recoil with
      added saline, but the validity of esophageal pressure measurements in these head
      up dogs is questionable. Vr was determined from the positions of intraparenchymal
      markers. Lower lobe TLC and FRC decreased with added saline. The decrease in
      upper lobe volume was less than that of lower lobe volume at FRC and was minimal
      at TLC. Saline increased the normal Vr gradient at FRC and created a gradient at
      TLC. During deflation from TLC to FRC before saline was added, the decrease in
      lung volume was accompanied by a shape change of the lung, with greatest
      distortion in the transverse (ribs to mediastinum) direction. After saline
      additions, deflation was associated with deformation of the lung in the
      cephalocaudal and transverse directions. The deformation with saline may be a
      result of upward displacement of the lungs into a smaller cross-sectional area of
      the thoracic cavity.

PMID- 4066575
TI  - Influence of testosterone on ventilation and chemosensitivity in male subjects.
AB  - There is increasing evidence that men have higher ventilatory responses to
      chemical stimuli than age-matched women and that certain disorders of respiratory
      rhythmicity, particularly sleep apnea, occur more commonly in men. Accordingly,
      we studied the influence of the male hormone, testosterone, on the control of
      breathing. Twelve hypogonadal males were studied at least 30 (mean +/- SE: 69.7
      +/- 8.9) days after discontinuing testosterone replacement and again following
      hormone administration. In each subject plasma testosterone concentration,
      metabolic rate [O2 consumption (VO2) and CO2 production (VCO2)], minute
      ventilation (VE), and chemosensitivity [hypoxic (HVR) and hypercapnic (HCVR)
      ventilatory responses] were determined on and off hormone replacement. With
      testosterone administration VO2 increased from 248 +/- 15 to 276 +/- 18 ml/min (P
      less than 0.05), with VCO2 showing a similar but nonsignificant trend. This was
      associated with an increase in VE from 8.41 +/- 0.78 to 9.91 +/- 0.75 l/min (P
      less than 0.05) but no change in PCO2. The HVR, expressed as A, increased 44%
      with hormone replacement from a value of 122 +/- 23 to 176 +/- 28 (P less than
      0.01), whereas the HCVR was minimally affected by testosterone administration.
      These findings may in part explain the previously described differences between
      male and female subjects in hypoxic sensitivity.

PMID- 4066577
TI  - Exercise training and "ventilation threshold" in elderly.
AB  - Dynamic exercise training of the elderly increases maximal O2 uptake (VO2max);
      however, the effects of training on the ventilation threshold (VET) have not been
      studied. VET was identified as the final point before the ventilatory equivalent
      for O2 (VE/VO2) increased, without an increase in the ventilatory equivalent for
      CO2 (VE/VCO2). Inactive elderly males (mean age, 62 yr) were randomly assigned to
      a control (C, n = 44) or activity (A, n = 45) group. VO2max and VET were
      determined from an incremental treadmill test. Initial VO2max was not different
      between the C (2.34 +/- 0.42 l X min-1) and A (2.28 +/- 0.44 l X min-1) groups,
      nor was there a significant difference in the VO2 at the VET (C = 1.39 +/- 0.26 l
      X min-1; A = 1.31 +/- 0.23 l X min-1). The activity group trained for 30 min/day,
      3 days/wk at an intensity of approximately 65-80% of VO2max. After 1 yr of
      training the activity group exhibited an 18% increase in VO2max (A = 2.70 +/-
      0.54 l X min-1), but the change in VET was not significant (A = 1.39 +/- 0.28 l X
      min-1). There was no significant change in VO2max (C = 2.45 +/- 0.68 l X min-1)
      or VET (C = 1.38 +/- 0.31 l X min-1) in the control group. VET/VO2max declined
      significantly in the activity group (from 58 to 52% of VO2max). Change in
      VET/VO2max with training was not correlated with the initial VO2max value. We
      conclude that increases in aerobic capacity are more readily effected than
      alterations of the VET in elderly subjects.

PMID- 4066578
TI  - Ontogeny of respiratory control and pulmonary mechanics in newborn rabbits.
AB  - Maturation of the respiratory pattern and the active and passive mechanical
      properties of the respiratory system were assessed in 19 tracheotomized rabbits
      (postnatal age range: 1-26 days) placed in a body plethysmograph. With maturation
      both minute ventilation and tidal volume significantly increased, whereas
      respiratory frequency decreased. When normalized for body weight (kg) both the
      passive (Rrs X kg) and active (R'rs X kg) resistances of the respiratory system
      significantly increased with age, whereas the corresponding passive (Crs X kg-1)
      and active (C'rs X kg-1) compliances significantly decreased. At any given age
      R'rs X kg only slightly exceeded Rrs X kg, whereas C'rs X kg-1 was significantly
      lower than Crs X kg-1. Moreover, the maturational increases in Rrs X kg and R'rs
      X kg exceeded the corresponding decreases in Crs X kg-1 and C'rs X kg-1,
      resulting in significant age-related increases in both the passive (tau rs) and
      active (tau'rs) time constants of the respiratory system. Due to the age-related
      increases in tau'rs, producing a delayed volume response to any given inspiratory
      driving pressure, the relative volume loss obtained at any time during
      inspiration was greater in the maturing rabbit. On the other hand, because of
      concomitant compensatory changes in respiratory pattern, evidenced by increases
      in inspiratory duration with age, the end-inspiratory tidal volume loss in the
      maturing animal was maintained generally less than 10% at all postnatal ages.
      Thus maturational changes in respiratory pattern appear coupled to changes in the
      active mechanical properties of the respiratory system. The latter coupling
      serves to optimize the transduction of inspiratory pressure into volume change in
      a manner consistent with establishing the minimum inspiratory work of breathing
      during postnatal development.

PMID- 4066579
TI  - Diaphragmatic responses to graded stimulation of pulmonary C-fibers with
      capsaicin.
AB  - It has been suggested that pulmonary C-fiber stimulation is responsible for the
      rapid shallow breathing that accompanies pulmonary edema. However, pulmonary C
      fiber stimulation also causes apnea. To determine whether it was possible for
      both responses to occur from one stimulus, we infused varying concentrations of
      capsaicin (a compound that selectively stimulates C-fiber receptors in the dog)
      into an in situ vascularly isolated dog lung and measured rates and strengths of
      diaphragmatic contractions with a strain gauge sutured to the diaphragm and
      electromyogram electrodes implanted in the diaphragm. There was a dose response
      to capsaicin in that increased doses were related directly with the duration of
      cessation of diaphragmatic contractions (2-100 s) and inversely with the latency
      from the start of stimulation to the beginning of the cessation of diaphragmatic
      contractions (100-5 s). There was no evidence, however, of rapid shallow
      breathing in this set of experiments. Either a gradual return to normal rate from
      prolonged contraction intervals or no change in contraction rate was seen,
      depending on capsaicin concentration. We conclude that the primary diaphragmatic
      response to pulmonary C-fiber stimulation is a cessation of diaphragmatic
      contractions rather than rapid shallow contractions.

PMID- 4066580
TI  - Effects of hemodilution on O2 transport in high-altitude polycythemia.
AB  - A native of the Peruvian Andes (4,250 m) was studied before and after isovolemic
      hemodilution of the hematocrit from 62 to 42%. O2 transport was studied with
      newly developed catheters in the radial and pulmonary arteries. These catheters
      allowed continuous measurement of arteriovenous O2 content and intermittent
      cardiac output by thermodilution. During exercise tests, breath-by-breath gas
      exchange measurements also allowed cardiac output to be calculated by the O2-Fick
      technique. A complex series of interrelated physiological changes occurred in
      response to hemodilution. These included increased ventilation, increased
      arterial and mixed venous PO2, increased cardiac output (both heart rate and
      stroke volume), and improved ventilation-flow match. The general improvement in
      symptoms that followed hemodilution correlated well with increased anaerobic
      threshold and mixed venous PO2 during exercise.

PMID- 4066581
TI  - Separation of factors responsible for change in breathing pattern induced by
      instrumentation.
AB  - Employment of mouthpiece and noseclips (MP + NC) has repeatedly been shown to
      increase tidal volume (VT), but its effect on respiratory frequency (f) and its
      subsets is controversial. The mechanisms accounting for this alteration in
      breathing pattern are poorly understood and may include stimulation of oral or
      nasal sensory receptors or alteration in the route of breathing. In this study we
      demonstrated that use of a MP + NC, compared with nonobtrusive measurement with a
      calibrated respiratory inductive plethysmograph, alters the majority of the
      volume and time indexes of breathing pattern, with increases in minute
      ventilation (P less than 0.01), VT (P less than 0.001), inspiratory time (TI, P
      less than 0.05), expiratory time (TE, P less than 0.05), mean inspiratory flow (P
      less than 0.05), and mean expiratory flow (P less than 0.05) and a decrease in
      f(P less than 0.05). Separating the potential mechanisms we found that when the
      respiratory route was not altered, independent oral stimulation (using an
      occluded MP) or nasal stimulation (by applying paper clips to the alae nasi) did
      not change the breathing pattern. In contrast, obligatory oral breathing without
      additional stimulation of the oral or nasal sensory receptors caused increases in
      VT (P less than 0.05), TI (P less than 0.05), and TE (P less than 0.01) and a
      fall in f(P less than 0.05). Heating and humidifying the inspired air did not
      prevent the alteration in breathing pattern with a MP. Thus change in the
      respiratory route is the major determinant of the alteration in breathing pattern
      with a MP + NC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4066582
TI  - Hindlimb muscular contraction reflexly decreases total pulmonary resistance in
      dogs.
AB  - We have previously shown that contraction of the gracilis muscles of anesthetized
      dogs reflexly relaxes tracheal smooth muscle. We have also found that electrical
      stimulation of these afferents decreases total pulmonary resistance (TPR), a
      calculation that provides a functional index of airway caliber. Despite these
      findings, we have yet to show that muscular contraction reflexly decreases TPR.
      Therefore, in 11 alpha-chloralose-anesthetized dogs, we contracted the hindlimb
      muscles by electrically stimulating the L6-L7 ventral roots while measuring TPR
      breath by breath. We found that static contraction decreased TPR from 12.6 +/-
      1.1 to 10.4 +/- 0.9 cmH2O X l-1 X s (P less than 0.05). This decrease was reflex
      in origin because it was prevented by section of the spinal roots innervating the
      working hindlimb. Repetitive twitch contractions (5 Hz) also reflexly decreased
      TPR, but the effect was smaller than that evoked by static contraction. The
      reflex decreases in TPR evoked by contraction were unaffected by propranolol but
      were abolished by atropine. We conclude that muscular contraction dilates the
      airways by a reflex mechanism whose efferent arm consists of a withdrawal of
      cholinergic input to airway smooth muscle.

PMID- 4066583
TI  - Diaphragm fatigue induced by inspiratory resistive loading in spontaneously
      breathing rabbits.
AB  - Diaphragmatic contractility was assessed in spontaneously breathing ketamine
      anesthetized rabbits by measuring the strength of diaphragmatic contraction in
      response to bilateral supramaximal phrenic nerve stimulation at frequencies
      between 10 and 100 Hz. During 10-180 min of inspiratory resistive loading,
      contractility decreased by approximately 40%, and hypoxemia and both respiratory
      and lactic acidosis developed. After 10 min of recovery, both the response to
      high-frequency stimulation (100 Hz) and the arterial PO2 and PCO2 returned to
      base-line levels, whereas metabolic acidosis and reduced response to low
      frequency stimulation (10-20 Hz) persisted. Similar levels of hypoxemia and
      respiratory acidosis in the absence of inspiratory resistive loading did not
      alter diaphragmatic contractility. We conclude that in anesthetized rabbits
      excessive inspiratory resistive loading results in partially reversible diaphragm
      fatigue of the high- and low-frequency types, accompanied by hypoventilation and
      lactic acidosis.

PMID- 4066585
TI  - Relationship for gas transport during high-frequency ventilation in dogs.
AB  - Alveolar ventilation during high-frequency ventilation (HFV) was estimated from
      the washout of the positron-emitting isotope (nitrogen-13-labeled N2) from the
      lungs of anesthetized paralyzed supine dogs by use of a positron camera. HFV was
      delivered at a mean lung volume (VL) equal to the resting functional residual
      capacity with a ventilator that generated tidal volumes (VT) between 30 and 120
      ml, independent of the animal's lung impedance, at frequencies (f) from 2 to 25
      Hz, with constant inspiratory and expiratory flows and an inspiration-to
      expiration time ratio of unity. Specific ventilation (SPV), which is equivalent
      to ventilation per unit of compartment volume, was found to follow closely the
      relation: SPV = 1.9(VT/VL)2.1 X f. From this relation and from arterial PCO2
      measurements we found an expression for the normocapnic settings of VT and f,
      given VL and body weight (W). We found that the VL was an important normalizing
      parameter in the sense that VT/VL yielded a better correlation (r = 0.91) with
      SPV/f than VT/W (r = 0.62) or VT alone (r = 0.8).

PMID- 4066584
TI  - Mode of neural control mediating rat tail vasodilation during heating.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to delineate the mode of efferent neural
      control mediating rat tail vasodilation during body heating. Tail blood flow
      (venous occlusion plethysmography), tail skin temperature over the ventral
      vascular bundle, and arterial pressure were measured in Sprague-Dawley rats
      anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (45 mg/kg). Three protocols were followed:
      anesthesia of the lumbar sympathetic chain, bilateral lumbar sympathectomy, and
      sympathetic nerve stimulation during varying degrees of alpha-adrenergic receptor
      blockade. Mean tail blood flow and tail vascular conductance (TVC) during body
      heating were 40.3 +/- 8.7 ml X 100 ml-1 X min-1 and 39.2 +/- 9.2 ml X 100 ml-1 X
      min-1 X 100 mmHg-1, respectively. Interruption of sympathetic nerve activity by
      sympathetic nerve anesthetization or sympathectomy during heat stress caused a
      nonsignificant increase in TVC to 112.7 +/- 1.8 and 121.12 +/- 6.3%,
      respectively, of the values achieved with body heating. Sympathectomy performed
      in normothermic animals that had recovered from prior heating caused an increase
      in TVC to 128.4 +/- 14.0% of the levels achieved during the previous heating
      period. In addition, sympathetic nerve stimulation after complete alpha
      adrenergic receptor blockade failed to produce a vasodilation [control TVC = 10.2
      +/- 3.9 vs. TVC during nerve stimulation = 10.4 +/- 3.9 (P greater than 0.05)].
      It is concluded that the increase in TVC during body heating occurs solely via a
      reduction in vasoconstrictor nerve activity.

PMID- 4066587
TI  - Extra-alveolar vessel fluid filtration coefficients in excised and in situ canine
      lobes.
AB  - We continuously weighed fully distended excised or in situ canine lobes to
      estimate the fluid filtration coefficient (Kf) of the arterial and venous extra
      alveolar vessels compared with that of the entire pulmonary circulation. Alveolar
      pressure was held constant at 25 cmH2O after full inflation. In the in situ
      lobes, the bronchial circulation was interrupted by embolization. Kf was
      estimated by two methods (Drake and Goldberg). Extra-alveolar vessels were
      isolated from alveolar vessels by embolizing enough 37- to 74-micron polystyrene
      beads into the lobar artery or vein to completely stop flow. In excised lobes,
      Kf's of the entire pulmonary circulation by the Drake and Goldberg methods were
      0.122 +/- 0.041 (mean +/- SD) and 0.210 +/- 0.080 ml X min-1 X mmHg-1 X 100 g
      lung-1, respectively. Embolization was not found to increase the Kf's. The mean
      Kf's of the arterial extra-alveolar vessels were 0.068 +/- 0.014 (Drake) and
      0.069 +/- 0.014 (Goldberg) (24 and 33% of the Kf's for the total pulmonary
      circulation). The mean Kf's of the venous extra-alveolar vessels were similar
      [0.046 +/- 0.020 (Drake) and 0.065 +/- 0.036 (Goldberg) or 33 and 35% of the Kf's
      for the total circulation]. No significant difference was found between the extra
      alveolar vessel Kf's of in situ vs. excised lobes. These results suggest that
      when alveolar pressure, lung volume, and pulmonary vascular pressures are high,
      approximately one-third of the total fluid filtration comes from each of the
      three compartments.

PMID- 4066586
TI  - Factors affecting tissue volume measurements in normal and edematous dog lungs.
AB  - To characterize further some of the factors affecting lung tissue soluble-gas
      rebreathing volume (Vlt), we determined the solubility of acetylene in blood and
      lung tissue, the influence of the presence of pulmonary edema on tissue
      solubility, the effects of varying tidal volume (VT), and the tissue volume
      actually measured in two groups of six anesthetized paralyzed dogs: controls (C)
      and oleic acid-induced pulmonary edema (OA). Each animal's solubility was used to
      compute Vlt for comparison with gravimetric lung weight (Ql) and extravascular
      lung water content (Qwl). Solubility at 37.5 degrees C in blood (0.125 ml X 100
      ml-1 X Torr-1) exceeded that in lung tissue (P less than 0.005): C = 0.118 and OA
      = 0.112 ml X 100 ml-1 X Torr-1 (NS). Vlt, expressed as %Ql, increased with
      increasing VT (20, 35, and 50 ml/kg) in OA (62.2, 78.9, and 94.7%, respectively,
      P less than 0.0001) but not in C (92.4, 94.4, and 99.3%, respectively). We
      conclude that solubility differs in blood and lung tissue but not in normal and
      edematous lungs, Vlt is not affected by VT in normal dogs but is in those with
      pulmonary edema, and Vlt measures Ql rather than Qwl.

PMID- 4066588
TI  - Interspike interval dependency from arterial chemoreceptors.
AB  - The carotid body impulse generator has been previously characterized as a Poisson
      type random process. We examined the validity of this characterization by
      analyzing sinus nerve spike trains for interspike interval dependency. Fifteen
      single chemoreceptive afferents were recorded in vivo under hypoxic-hypercapnic
      conditions, and approximately 1,000 consecutive interspike intervals for each
      fiber were timed and analyzed for serial dependence. The same set of intervals
      placed in shuffled order served as a control series without serial dependence.
      The original spike interval trains showed significantly negative first-order
      serial correlation coefficients and less variability in joint interval
      distributions than did the shuffled interval trains. These results suggest that
      the chemoreceptor afferent train is not random and may reflect a negative
      feedback system operating within the carotid body that limits variation about a
      mean frequency.

PMID- 4066589
TI  - Effects of hemodynamic edema formation on peripheral vs. central airway
      mechanics.
AB  - The mechanisms governing increased central (Rc) and peripheral airway resistance
      (Rp) during hemodynamic edema formation were studied in anesthetized dogs. Rc and
      Rp were measured by forced oscillation at 1 Hz by use of a retrograde catheter to
      partition resistance and a pleural capsule to detect alveolar pressure. After
      elevation of left atrial pressure to 30 cmH2O by inflation of the left atrial
      balloon, Rc gradually increased an average of 60% above control in approximately
      100 min. Vagotomy had a small influence on the change. On the other hand, Rp with
      vagus nerves intact increased triphasically: first, it increased transiently by
      160% above the control value within 15-20 min before returning to near base line.
      It then increased gradually for approximately 40 min and finally rose sharply up
      to five times the control value after approximately 100 min. With vagi cut, the
      initial phase disappeared, but the second gradual and final rapid phases were not
      affected. Several sequential mechanisms of increased Rp can be proposed: 1)
      transient bronchoconstriction mediated by vagal reflex; 2) gradual formation of
      peribronchial edema; and 3) a sharp increase in airway fluid and formation of
      bronchial froth. In addition, narrowing of the airways by vascular engorgement
      may have contributed to the increase of Rp throughout all stages.

PMID- 4066590
TI  - Effects of deep inhalation in asthma: relative airway and parenchymal hysteresis.
AB  - Asthmatic subjects were screened for the effects or volume history on the degree
      of induced airway obstruction with methacholine by comparing isovolumic maximal
      expiratory flows (Vmax) from partial expiratory flow-volume curves (P) begun near
      functional residual capacity (FRC) followed by maximal expiratory flow-volume (M)
      maneuvers begun from total lung capacity (TLC). The isovolumic Vmax values from M
      and P maneuvers defined two groups: one had a high M/P ratio (high group),
      indicating a large degree of reversal with deep inhalation, another had a low M/P
      ratio (low group), indicating minimal reversal. No differences were found between
      groups. A more complete study was later performed in which we measured specific
      airway conductance (sGaw) and anatomical dead space (VD) as indices of airway
      size and hysteresis before and after deep inhalation. The area of quasi-static
      transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) volume (V) curves from FRC to TLC and back to FRC
      was measured as an index of parenchymal hysteresis. At base line both groups
      showed a decrease in both sGaw and VD after a deep inhalation (DI). After
      constriction neither group changed VD after DI, whereas sGaw increased
      significantly in the high group after DI. This suggests that dilation of airways
      with DI occurred peripheral to those contributing to VD in the high group. The
      areas of the Ptp-V curves were equal at base line; yet the increase in areas with
      constriction in the low group was much greater.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4066591
TI  - Chemosensitivity of crayfish slowly adapting stretch receptors to nicotine.
AB  - It has recently been demonstrated that slowly adapting stretch receptors (SASRs)
      in the airways of the dog respond directly to nicotine (Federation Proc. 43: 318,
      1984). The purpose of the present experiment was to investigate this chemical
      effect on an isolated stretch receptor. The crayfish muscle receptor organ was
      chosen, since crayfish muscle is reported to be insensitive to nicotine or
      acetylcholine and therefore permits the testing of any direct chemical effect of
      nicotine on the muscle stretch receptors. The tail was removed and pinned out in
      a tissue bath, and a stretch receptor organ was surgically isolated. Single-unit
      SASR extracellular nerve recordings were made while simultaneously measuring
      tension in the tail. Drugs were prepared in Van Harreveld's solution and
      administered into the bath kept at 18 degrees C. When resting muscle tension was
      essentially reduced to zero by cutting both ends of the receptor organ muscle,
      nicotine (0.07 microM) added to the bath increased receptor activity fourfold.
      This response was abolished by treatment with hexamethonium (690 microM). In a
      second group of animals in which the muscle was left intact, nicotine was shown
      to significantly increase receptor sensitivity to step changes in muscle tension.
      Once again hexamethonium blocked the response to nicotine. These results
      demonstrate that the sensitivity of mechanoreceptor can be altered by chemical
      interaction with nicotinic receptors, which dramatically alter sensory receptor
      activity.

PMID- 4066592
TI  - Ozone inhalation effects consequent to continuous exercise in females: comparison
      to males.
AB  - Exposure to ozone (O3) at ambient photochemical smog alert levels has been shown
      to cause alteration in pulmonary function and exercise response in humans, but
      there is a paucity of data on females. The initial purpose of the present
      investigation was to study the effects of O3 inhalation on pulmonary function and
      selected exercise respiratory metabolism and breathing pattern responses in young
      adult females. Six female subjects exercised continuously on a bicycle ergometer
      for 1 h on 10 occasions at one of three intensities, while exposed to 0.0, 0.20,
      0.30, or 0.40 ppm O3. Forced expiratory volume and flow rates and residual volume
      (RV) were measured before and immediately following each protocol. During
      exercise, expired minute ventilation (VE), respiratory frequency (fR), tidal
      volume, O2 uptake (VO2), and heart rate (HR) were measured every 10 min. O3 dose
      dependent decrements were observed for forced vital capacity (FVC), forced
      expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1.0), and forced expiratory flow rate during the
      middle half of FVC, coupled with an increase in RV and altered exercise
      ventilatory pattern. There was also an increased VE but no significant O3 effect
      on VO2 or HR. Comparison of the females' responses to those of a group of young
      adult males (previously studied) at the same total O3 effective dose (i.e.,
      expressed as the simple product of O3 concentration, VE, and exposure time)
      revealed significantly greater effects on FVC, FEV1.0, and fR for the females.
      With VE reduced for females as a function of exercise intensity at the same
      percent of maximum VO2, these differences were considerably attenuated, although
      not negated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4066593
TI  - Ventilatory and arousal patterns during sleep in normal young and elderly
      subjects.
AB  - Since elderly subjects have lower chemosensitivity, we postulated that
      ventilation might be more state dependent in the elderly. To address this we
      investigated the changes in ventilation, measured by respiratory inductive
      plethysmography, with sleep in 12 healthy young (19-29 yr) and 13 elderly
      (greater than 65 yr) subjects. Ventilation was measured in representative periods
      in each sleep state. These data showed that there is no difference between the
      elderly and the young either in mean ventilation or in the variability of
      ventilation awake or in the different states of sleep. In both groups ventilation
      was variable in stage 1-2 sleep and least variable in stage 3-4 sleep. The
      variability in stage 1-2 sleep was due to periodic breathing (cycle time
      approximately 45 s) in both age groups. Although within a sleep state no
      differences were observed, over the night of study the elderly behaved
      differently from the young. Apneas occurred more frequently in the elderly, and 5
      of 13 elderly met the criteria for sleep apnea syndrome compared with 1 of 12
      young subjects. Apneas tended to occur predominantly in stage 1-2 sleep and seem
      to be an exaggeration of the periodicity that is typical of this state. Four of
      the elderly with apnea remained in this stage of sleep throughout the night of
      study. The apneic episodes usually terminated with an electroencephalogram
      arousal that occurred prior to or simultaneously with the onset of
      ventilation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4066594
TI  - Sodium-amino acid cotransport by type II alveolar epithelial cells.
AB  - Type II alveolar epithelial cell monolayers have been shown to actively transport
      sodium (Na+). Coupling to amino acid uptake could be an important mechanism for
      Na+ entry into these cells. This study demonstrates the presence of such a
      coupled cotransport mechanism in the plasma membrane of isolated type II cells by
      use of the nonmetabolizable amino acid analogue alpha-methylaminoisobutyric acid
      (MeAIB). Transport of MeAIB in 137 mM Na+ is saturable, with the uptake constant
      (Vmax) equaling 13.9 pmol X mg prot-1 X s-1 and the Michaelis-Menten constant
      (Km) equaling 0.13 mM. In the presence of Na+, MeAIB is accumulated against a
      concentration gradient. MeAIB uptake in the absence of Na+ is linear with MeAIB
      concentration, as expected for simple diffusion. The Hill coefficient for Na+
      MeAIB cotransport is 1.11, suggesting a 1:1 stoichiometry. Proline inhibits Na+
      MeAIB cotransport, with Ki equaling 0.5 mM. These findings suggest that Na+-amino
      acid cotransport may be an important pathway for Na+ (and/or amino acid) uptake
      into type II alveolar epithelial cells.

PMID- 4066595
TI  - On the maximum likelihood estimation of respiratory response slopes.
AB  - Several approaches have been suggested for estimating a respiratory response
      slope when both x and y variables are observed with error. Recently, a maximum
      likelihood estimate under the assumption of a bivariate normal distribution has
      been proposed. A method of moments solution yields a slope estimate of y/x as
      long as the underlying process mean is nonzero. This paper extends the maximum
      likelihood approach to the case where the process mean is zero. In this case,
      certain additional error assumptions must be made to yield a unique estimate.
      These concepts are applied to the problem of estimating an effective lung volume
      for steady-state breath-to-breath gas exchange data during exercise.

PMID- 4066596
TI  - Dynamic knee extension as model for study of isolated exercising muscle in
      humans.
AB  - In an attempt to approach a system of isolated exercising muscle in humans, a
      model has been developed that enables the study of muscle activity and metabolism
      over the quadriceps femoris (QF) muscles while the rest of the body remains
      relaxed. The simplest version includes the subject sitting on a table with a rod
      connecting the ankle and the pedal arm of a bicycle ergometer placed behind the
      subject. Exercise is performed by knee extension from a knee angle of 90 to
      approximately 170 degrees while flywheel momentum repositions the relaxed leg
      during flexion. Experiments where electromyographic recordings have been taken
      from biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and other muscles in
      addition to QF indicate that only the QF is active and that there is an equal
      activation of the lateral, medial, and rectus femoris heads relative to maximum.
      Furthermore, virtually identical pulmonary O2 uptake (Vo2) during and without
      application of a pressure cuff below the knee emphasizes the inactivity of the
      lower leg muscles. The advantages of the model are that all external work can be
      localized to a single muscle group suitable for taking biopsies and that the
      blood flow in and sampling from the femoral vein are representative of the active
      muscles. Thus all measurements can be closely related to changes in the working
      muscle. Using this model we find that a linear relationship exists between
      external work and pulmonary Vo2 over the submaximal range and the maximal Vo2 per
      kilogram of muscle may be as much as twice as high as previously estimated.

PMID- 4066597
TI  - Forced oscillation technique: comparison of two devices.
AB  - The respiratory impedances in healthy subjects and patients with advanced
      obstructive lung disease were measured between 2 and 32 Hz, using two forced
      oscillation techniques: the setup used previously by Grimby et al. (J. Clin.
      Invest. 47: 1455-1465, 1968) and a modified device in which the pneumotachograph
      is replaced by a 2-m-long tube and the ratio of pressures at both ends of the
      tube is determined. The advantages of the latter device are that 1) its impedance
      and frequency characteristics can be predicted by classical physics, 2) the only
      requirement for correct measurements are a match of the pressure transducers, and
      3) high-pass filters are not needed to suppress the influence of breathing. On
      the other hand, the device is more sensitive to the turbulences induced by the
      subject's own breathing. This drawback can be avoided by interposing a piece of
      tubing between the mouth and proximal pressure recording site.

PMID- 4066598
TI  - Implantable device for drug delivery and blood sampling in the rat.
AB  - An implantable drug-delivery and venous sampling device is described that is
      constructed from a polyvinyl chloride catheter and a rubber intravenous catheter
      plug coated with Silastic. The implant was used for repeated venous sampling and
      for both administration of parenteral solutions and injections into the right
      colon of the rat for periods to 1 mo.

PMID- 4066599
TI  - Amino acid environment determines expression of carbamoylphosphate synthetase and
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in embryonic rat hepatocytes.
AB  - A completely defined medium (EHM-1), which reflects the amino acid composition of
      fetal rat serum and contains albumin as the sole proteinaceous compound, allows
      the accumulation of carbamoylphosphate synthetase and phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase in the presence of dexamethasone, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and
      triiodothyronine to approximately twice the level attained in a standard culture
      medium (RPMI 1640) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (and hormones). Using
      the EHM-1 medium we could show that the capacity of hepatocytes to synthesize
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the presence of hormones is manifest as soon
      as the cells differentiate from the embryonic foregut (embryonic Day 11).
      Furthermore we could show that embryonic hepatocytes can become binuclear or
      polyploid when cultured in the presence of thyroid hormone.

PMID- 4066600
TI  - Differences in reactivity of confluent and nonconfluent cultures of human
      endothelial cells toward thrombin-stimulated platelets or heparinized salt
      solution.
AB  - This study examined whether nonconfluent endothelial cell cultures reacted
      differently than confluent ones toward thrombin-stimulated platelets or a
      heparinized salt solution. The adherence to the endothelial cell cultures of 51Cr
      labeled human platelets stimulated at different thrombin concentrations was
      studied. There was significantly higher adherence of stimulated platelets to
      nonconfluent cultures compared with confluent ones. This was confirmed by
      scanning electron microscopy, which also revealed a tendency for the platelets to
      adhere at the cell periphery. Electron microscopy also showed that thrombin
      stimulated platelets induced endothelial cell contraction. Part of the peripheral
      endothelial cell surface toward the bottom of the culture dish was inverted,
      facing the lumen of the dish. This phenomenon was particularly seen in
      nonconfluent cultures. When 51Cr-labeled endothelial cultures were incubated with
      a mildly injurious fluid as heparinized sodium acetate and 20% serum, at 20
      degrees C for 30 min, the nonconfluent cultures showed significantly more cell
      detachment and release of 51Cr than the confluent ones. We conclude that under
      the conditions of the present experiments there are differences in the reactivity
      of confluent and nonconfluent endothelial cell cultures. These differences
      probably reflect biological dissimilarities. In experiments where properties of
      cultured endothelium are studied, care should be taken that the degree of
      confluency is standardized.

PMID- 4066602
TI  - Activation of metastatic potential in African green monkey kidney cell lines by
      prolonged in vitro culture.
AB  - Studies on the tumorigenicity of Vero kidney cells of Cercopithecus aethiops
      monkey origin were extended to various passage levels of BSC-1 aneuploid cells
      and to low passage CV-1 diploid cells (derived also from C. aethiops monkey
      kidney). It was found that BSC-1 cells -- like Vero cells -- showed increased
      tumorigenicity with increasing passage level in antithymocyte globulin (ATG)
      treated newborn rats and in nude mice. Cells passaged over 250 times in cultures
      formed invasive adenocarcinomas in newborn rats. Their malignant tumor growth was
      further demonstrated around the 500 passage level when tumor metastases were
      detected in the lungs of four of the 14 inoculated rats. Vero cells induced such
      lung metastases in rats already at passage 227. CV-1 diploid cells at low passage
      level produced small nodules of epithelioid cells in newborn rats at 6th day
      after inoculation that had disappeared by the 21st day, and caused no local
      invasion nor lung metastasis. In vitro tumorigenicity tests on BSC-1 and CV-1
      cells, using chick embryo skin, human muscle and colony formation in agarose,
      confirmed the animal test results. The results of this study indicate that BSC-1
      and Vero cell lines at low and high passage levels may prove to be useful tools
      to study the molecular basis of malignancy.

PMID- 4066601
TI  - Use of a perfusion technique for measurements of respiratory activity in cultured
      cells.
AB  - A method for measuring respiratory activity in anchorage-dependent cultured cells
      has been developed. This method is based on a technique that permits the
      perfusion of standard plastic culture dishes with attached cells. Basal
      respiratory activities were studied in two continuous cell lines of neural
      origin, neuroblastoma C1300 clone 41A3 and glioma 138MG. As compared to
      traditional measurements on detached cells, a fourfold increase in value was
      obtained. Investigations on membrane permeability suggested that the observed
      difference could be attributed to alterations in cell membrane integrity.
      Pretreatment with dibutyryl cyclic AMP, known to induce a morphological and
      biochemical differentiation in C1300 and 138MG cells, caused in both cell lines
      an enhanced respiration.

PMID- 4066603
TI  - 40th Joint annual conference of the Association of Physicians of India. 19-23
      January 1985, Bangalore. Abstracts.

PMID- 4066604
TI  - Lung cancer: detection, diagnosis and staging.

PMID- 4066605
TI  - Bronchial carcinoma: the diagnostic problem of solitary nodules.

PMID- 4066606
TI  - Functional evaluation of lung resection.

PMID- 4066607
TI  - [Computerized tomography staging of bronchial cancer].

PMID- 4066608
TI  - [Value of CT in the diagnosis and treatment of pyogenic intrahepatic abscesses].

PMID- 4066609
TI  - Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenases in Acinetobacter sp. strain HO1-N: role in
      hexadecanol metabolism.
AB  - The role of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenases (FALDHs) in hexadecane and hexadecanol
      metabolism was studied in Acinetobacter sp. strain HO1-N. Two distinct FALDHs
      were demonstrated in Acinetobacter sp. strain HO1-N: a membrane-bound, NADP
      dependent FALDH activity induced 5-, 15-, and 9-fold by growth on hexadecanol,
      dodecyl aldehyde, and hexadecane, respectively, and a constitutive, NAD
      dependent, membrane-localized FALDH. The NADP-dependent FALDH exhibited apparent
      Km and Vmax values for decyl aldehyde of 5.0, 13.0, 18.0, and 18.3 microM and
      537.0, 500.0, 25.0, and 38.0 nmol/min in hexadecane-, hexadecanol-, ethanol-,
      palmitate-grown cells, respectively. FALDH isozymes ald-a, ald-b, and ald-c were
      demonstrated by gel electrophoresis in extracts of hexadecane- and hexadecanol
      grown cells. ald-a, ald-b, and ald-d were present in dodecyl aldehyde-grown
      cells, while palmitate-grown control cells contained ald-b and ald-d. Dodecyl
      aldehyde-negative mutants were isolated and grouped into two phenotypic classes
      based on growth: class 1 mutants were hexadecane and hexadecanol negative and
      class 2 mutants were hexadecane and hexadecanol positive. Specific activity of
      NADP-dependent FALDH in Ald21 (class 1 mutant) was 85% lower than that of wild
      type FALDH, while the specific activity of Ald24 (class 2 mutant) was 55% greater
      than that of wild-type FALDH. Ald21R, a dodecyl aldehyde-positive revertant able
      to grow on hexadecane, hexadecanol, and dodecyl aldehyde, exhibited a 100%
      increase in the specific activity of the NADP-dependent FALDH. The oxidation of
      [3H]hexadecane byAld21 yielded the accumulation of 61% more fatty aldehyde than
      the wild type, while Ald24 accumulated 27% more fatty aldehyde, 95% more fatty
      alcohol, and 65% more wax ester than the wild type. This study provides genetic
      and physiological evidence for the role of fatty aldehyde as an essential
      metabolic intermediate and NADP-dependent FALDH as a key enzyme in the
      dissimilation of hexadecane, hexadecanol, and dodecyl aldehyde in Acinetobactor
      sp. strain HO1-N.

PMID- 4066610
TI  - Respiratory-competent conditional developmental mutant of Mucor racemosus.
AB  - A conditional developmental mutant of Mucor racemosus which is capable of
      oxidative energy metabolism is described. Unlike the wild-type strain the mutant
      was highly fermentative and exhibited the yeast morphology when grown aerobically
      in glucose-containing media. The high fermentative activity and yeast morphology
      under these conditions correlated well with maximal expression of glycolytic
      enzymes and with expression of some polypeptides characteristic of anaerobic
      growth. Aerobic growth of the mutant on amino acids as the sole carbon source
      resulted in growth in the mycelial morphology. The mutant was fully capable of
      oxidative metabolism as judged by its ability to grow on amino acids, respiratory
      capacity, and complement of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes. The results support
      the hypothesis that oxygen controls both the expression of glycolytic enzymes and
      the expression of proteins involved in morphogenesis. Moreover, they suggest that
      there are common regulatory elements in the control of these two classes of gene
      products. Abnormally high levels of aconitase and isocitrate dehydrogenase in the
      mutant are consistent with the proposal that pool sizes of citrate may act as a
      regulator of genes responsive to environmental oxygen concentration.

PMID- 4066611
TI  - Scanning electron microscope study of Pseudomonas putida colonies.
AB  - Pseudomonas putida colonies were examined by scanning electron microscope. A
      variety of cell morphologies, multicellular arrangements, and extracellular
      materials were observed in the fixed material. Different regions of a single
      colony showed characteristic organizations of these architectural elements. In
      some cases, the detailed microstructure of the fixed colony surfaces observed by
      scanning electron microscopy could be correlated with macroscopic patterns
      visualized by histochemical staining and surface relief photography of live
      colonies. Extracellular materials were seen to extend onto the agar surface
      beyond the boundaries of the cell mass, and the final structures of these
      materials, after fixation and desiccation, were colony specific. The significance
      of these features of colony microstructure for formulating hypotheses about the
      control of colony morphogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 4066612
TI  - Identification of a Rhizobium meliloti pSym2011 region controlling the host
      specificity of root hair curling and nodulation.
AB  - In Rhizobium meliloti 2011 nodulation genes (nod) required to nodulate
      specifically alfalfa are located on a pSym megaplasmid. Nod- derivatives carrying
      large pSym deletions were isolated. By complementation of these strains with in
      vivo- and in vitro-constructed episomes containing pSym of sequences and
      introduction of these episomes into Agrobacterium tumefaciens, we show (i) that
      from a region of pSym of about 360 kilobases, genes required for specific alfalfa
      nodulation are clustered in a DNA fragment of less than 30 kilobases and (ii)
      that a nod region located between nifHDK and the common nod genes is absolutely
      required for alfalfa nodulation and controls the specificity of root hair curling
      and nodule organogenesis initiation.

PMID- 4066613
TI  - Maintenance of D-alanine ester substitution of lipoteichoic acid by
      reesterification in Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Toluene-treated Staphylococcus aureus cells did not synthesize teichoic acid and
      lipoteichoic acid under the conditions used. The organism displayed, however, a
      high capacity of incorporating D-[14C]alanine into previously formed polymers.
      The reaction was dependent on ATP and enhanced by magnesium ions. The
      incorporation rate into lipoteichoic acid correlated with the rate of loss of
      alanine ester which occurred through transfer to teichoic acid and base-catalyzed
      hydrolysis. At pH 6.5 the loss (20% within 4 h) was completely compensated for by
      reesterification. At pH 7.5 the loss was 60%, but by accelerated incorporation it
      was reduced to 10%. Incorporation was also enhanced when the original
      substitution of lipoteichoic acid was lowered by previous growth of S. aureus at
      high salt concentration. The newly added alanine was randomly distributed along
      the poly(glycerophosphate) chain. The decreased alanine substitution of
      lipoteichoic acid after growth at high salt concentration was shown to result
      from a direct inhibition of alanine incorporation.

PMID- 4066614
TI  - Structures of two different surface layers found in six Bacteroides strains.
AB  - The structures of crystalline layers from six Bacteroides strains were studied by
      electron microscopy. Two different hexagonal crystalline surface layers were
      found, one with a unit cell spacing of 21.5 nm and another with a spacing of 7.7
      nm. A three-dimensional structure of the 21.5-nm layer and a two-dimensional
      projection of the 7.7-nm layer were determined to 3.0- and 3.8-nm resolution,
      respectively, by computerized image processing of electron micrographs. Both of
      these two crystalline layers were found in all six strains studied: B.
      pentosaceus NP333T and WPH61, B. capillus ATCC 33690T and ATCC 33691, and B.
      buccae ATCC 33574T and ES57. This further supports the identity of B.
      pentosaceus, B. capillus, and B. buccae as suggested by M. Haapasalo, K.
      Lounatmaa, H. Ranta, H. Shah, and K. Ranta (Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 35:65-72,
      1985). The surface layer with 21.5-nm spacing is an intricate network with two
      classes of pores through the layer.

PMID- 4066615
TI  - Transfer of DNA killer plasmids from Kluyveromyces lactis to Kluyveromyces
      fragilis and Candida pseudotropicalis.
AB  - Killer plasmids pGKL1 and pGKL2 of double-stranded linear DNAs were transferred
      from Kluyveromyces lactis to strains of Kluyveromyces fragilis and Candida
      pseudotropicalis. The resultant killer strains produced 17-fold and 6-fold larger
      amounts of killer toxin than K. lactis did, respectively. The killer toxin
      produced by each species appeared to be a glycoprotein.

PMID- 4066616
TI  - The dexamethasone suppression test in prepubertal depressed children.
AB  - The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was performed in 50 hospitalized
      prepubertal children who met DSM-III criteria for major depressive episode, 18
      hospitalized controls with a psychiatric disorder, and 18 nonhospitalized normal
      controls. Baseline and post-DST cortisol levels were measured at 8 a.m. and 4
      p.m. The depressed children had consistently higher cortisol levels than the
      controls at baseline and post-DST. The DST was positive in 82% of depressed
      children, 28% of psychiatric controls, and 11% of normal controls. The results
      indicate that prepubertal depressed children may have abnormalities in the
      hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis similar to those in adults with a major
      depressive illness.

PMID- 4066617
TI  - Revised Ischemic Score for diagnosing multi-infarct dementia.
AB  - Although the validity and reliability of the Ischemic Score (IS) have not yet
      been established, the IS has become a favored clinical and research tool for use
      in differentiating Alzheimer-type from multi-infarct dementia. In its current
      form, however, the IS has several shortcomings that interfere with
      standardization. To address these difficulties, the IS has been revised to
      include: anchoring statements to maximize interrater reliability; a multipoint
      subscale to allow for assessment of severity; and a confidence subscale to
      account for varied sources of data. The revised IS aims to stimulate additional
      research focused on validating and refining such instruments.

PMID- 4066618
TI  - Effects of clonidine in narcolepsy.
AB  - The antihypertensive drug clonidine was given in an open trial to two treatment
      resistant (psychostimulants and tricyclic antidepressants) narcoleptic patients.
      When given acutely, clonidine suppressed REM sleep. However, patients became
      tolerant after repeated doses but did not lose the drug's beneficial clinical
      effects. This suggests that REM suppression may not be necessary for improvement
      in narcolepsy. Assessments of both clinical and polysomnographic variables before
      and after the trial indicate that clonidine may have a place in the treatment of
      some patients with narcolepsy.

PMID- 4066619
TI  - Predicting the results of routine laboratory tests in elderly psychiatric
      patients admitted to hospital.
AB  - This study attempted to determine whether the number of routine laboratory
      screening tests done on elderly psychiatric patients on admission to the hospital
      could be reduced without compromising patient care. It was found that the
      admitting doctor underestimated the number of tests that would yield abnormal
      results. It is not recommended that these tests be done on a discretionary basis.

PMID- 4066620
TI  - The elicitation of a movement disorder by trazodone: case report.
AB  - A 65-year-old woman with bipolar disorder and complicated cardiovascular disease
      who was on maintenance lithium therapy developed a movement disorder following
      high doses of trazodone for treatment of an acute depression. When the trazodone
      was reduced, the involuntary movements promptly ceased. Although the movement
      disorder could not with certainty be attributed to trazodone alone, the drug at
      least acted as an eliciting agent.

PMID- 4066621
TI  - Pathologic masturbation with drastic consequences: case report.
AB  - A case of urethral masturbation is described in which a foreign body was inserted
      into the urethra for erotic stimulation. The item became lost in the bladder and
      7 years later caused urinary obstruction and scrotal gangrene necessitating
      emergency urologic care.

PMID- 4066622
TI  - A possible interaction between lithium and diltiazem: case report.
AB  - The calcium channel blockers are a group of drugs that have recently become
      available for the treatment of angina. They act by blocking the entry of calcium
      into cells during depolarization. Lithium has electrochemical qualities similar
      to calcium and influences calcium metabolism and calcium transport. The case
      reported here documents the use of diltiazem in a patient treated with lithium. A
      possible synergistic drug interaction occurring between diltiazem and lithium is
      reported.

PMID- 4066623
TI  - Amoxapine overdose.

PMID- 4066624
TI  - Tricyclic antidepressant blood levels.

PMID- 4066625
TI  - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors for depressed cardiac patients.

PMID- 4066626
TI  - Calcium channel blockers in the treatment of panic disorder.

PMID- 4066628
TI  - Proceedings of the American Society for Apheresis. Sixth annual apheresis
      symposium: current concepts and future trends. September 20-23, 1984. Chicago,
      Illinois.

PMID- 4066627
TI  - Maprotiline in nocturnal enuresis.

PMID- 4066630
TI  - American Red Cross Blood Services Directive 4.47--therapeutic apheresis.

PMID- 4066629
TI  - Plasma exchange in the thrombotic microangiopathies.

PMID- 4066631
TI  - AABB guidelines and proposed standards.

PMID- 4066632
TI  - Guidelines for apheresis personnel--an overview.
AB  - The Guidelines for Apheresis Specialists were prepared by the Standards Committee
      of the Society of Hemopheresis Specialists (SHS) in response to a need to
      safeguard donors and patients undergoing apheresis from the viewpoint of the
      technical staff performing the procedures. The Guidelines address technical and
      administrative topics not covered by instrument manufacturer's training sessions
      and manuals. The Guidelines contain the following objectives: To assure that
      apheresis procedures are performed and supervised by qualified personnel, thereby
      safeguarding the donors, patients and recipients of the components harvested. To
      assure that apheresis procedures are carried out in a safe, efficient and
      appropriate manner with minimum risk and maximum benefit. To assure donor/patient
      safety and high quality component preparation through an effective quality
      control program. The Guidelines are flexible, adaptable to various physical
      settings, applicable to different types of instruments, and useful for both
      therapeutic and donor hemopheresis procedures. They avoid references to issues
      that may be considered to interfere with internal or external policymaking
      bodies. In addition, they provide a base from which policies and procedures can
      be formulated and amended to account for advances in technology and expertise.

PMID- 4066633
TI  - Commercial apheresis--an industry overview.

PMID- 4066634
TI  - Federal regulation of commercial plasmapheresis centers.

PMID- 4066635
TI  - Biotechnology--here today ... or tomorrow.

PMID- 4066636
TI  - Clinical management of the patient receiving therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE).

PMID- 4066637
TI  - Therapeutic plasma exchange in neurological diseases.

PMID- 4066638
TI  - Immunopathologic mechanism of glomerular injury--an overview of current concepts.
AB  - It is now firmly established that a variety of immune mechanisms are responsible
      for most glomerulonephritides, and that they act largely through the activation
      of complement, recruitment of leukocytes and macrophages, stimulation of
      clotting, and liberation of vasoactive kinins. The etiological factors which
      originate the process can be either infectious agents, endogenous antigens (DNA,
      tumoral antigens), or exogenous toxins. The activation of the immune system may
      take different forms, including: the production of anti-GBM antibodies which may
      at times cross-react with other tissues or organs; the formation of antigen
      antibody complexes of specific solubility, molecular size, permeability, which
      will variously tend to localize in the mesangium, in subepithelial, or
      subendothelial deposits; the development of antibodies which specifically react
      with native antigens present in the GBM in a discontinuous manner; the trapping
      of antigens within the GBM, which then act as "planted" antigens. The morphologic
      type of glomerulonephritis and its clinical course will probably depend upon the
      predominant type of antigen produced, its persistence, its mode of action, and
      the concurrent degree of activation of complement, recruitment of PMNs and
      macrophages, stimulation of the clotting system, as well as upon the development
      of hypertension and the functional response of the kidney to reduced renal mass.
      Whether or not it will be possible, in the future, to relate directly each type
      of glomerulonephritis to specific etiologic agents, to the type of immune
      response, and to genetic predisposition is unclear, but this will determine
      whether it will be possible to devise specific treatment strategies for each
      condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4066639
TI  - Antibody mediated glomerulonephritis: clinical and experimental studies.

PMID- 4066640
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)--apheresis and operative risks.
AB  - The removal of immune complexes, autoantibodies and suppressor factors from the
      circulation of patients with AIDS and AIDS related conditions by plasmapheresis
      and selective immunoadsorption may play a role as a therapeutic modality in these
      disorders. Lymphocytapheresis may also be of potential use in AIDS related
      conditions with presumed autoimmune basis. Perfusion of plasma over immobilized
      protein A columns is being evaluated as a possible immunomodulatory and antitumor
      therapy in patients with AIDS related Kaposi's sarcoma. Although apheresis
      procedures as a therapeutic modality in AIDS related conditions are still at the
      experimental stage, preliminary results are encouraging. The possible
      transmission of the disease by blood products presents a health hazard to health
      workers involved in the field of apheresis. Since the mode of transmission of the
      disease appears to be similar to hepatitis B, strict hepatitis B precautions
      should be enforced in every case in which AIDS suspected blood is being
      processed.

PMID- 4066641
TI  - Insulin-stimulating peptide from a tryptic digest of bovine serum albumin:
      purification and characterization.
AB  - A procedure was established for isolation of a low molecular weight polypeptide
      with insulin-stimulating activity in apparent homogeneity from a tryptic digest
      of bovine serum albumin on a semipreparative scale. Purification of this insulin
      stimulating peptide (ISP) was monitored by an adipose-explant assay in which
      stimulation of fatty acid synthesis from glucose by insulin was measured. The
      polypeptide was purified by a combination of DEAE-cellulose column
      chromatography, gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-10, hydrophobic chromatography on a
      semipreparative C18 reversed-phase HPLC column, and ion exchange chromatography
      on an SP-5PW HPLC column. The primary structure of ISP was deduced. ISP is a two
      chain polypeptide consisting of 71 amino acid residues, and corresponds
      essentially to residues 115-143 and 144-184 (185) of bovine serum albumin
      connected to each other by a disulfide bridge. But comparison of the sequence of
      ISP with that of the relevant regions of bovine serum albumin determined by Brown
      indicated the presence of one tyrosine insertion between residues 155 and 156 of
      albumin. Therefore, the molecular weight of ISP was calculated to be 8,496.

PMID- 4066642
TI  - Non-divergence theory of evolution: sequence comparison of some proteins from
      snakes and bacteria.
AB  - A "non-divergence theory" is proposed for the mechanism of evolution. The theory
      is based on the observation that comparison of the amino acid sequences of
      related proteins in various organisms gives inconsistent results from one type of
      protein to another, and on the occurrence of significant gene transfer among
      living organisms. Special attention is focused on the sequence comparisons of
      short- and long-chain neurotoxins and phospholipases A2 from the venoms of
      proteroglyphous snakes and those of microbial ferredoxins, rubredoxins, and
      flavodoxins.

PMID- 4066643
TI  - Regulation of cholesterol synthesis in cultured mouse mammary carcinoma FM3A
      cells.
AB  - Mouse mammary carcinoma FM3A cells, which are able to grow in a serum-free
      medium, have novel characteristics that could be valuable in biochemical and
      somatic cell genetic studies. In FM3A cells grown in the presence of serum, both
      sterol synthesis and the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG
      CoA) reductase, the major rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic
      pathway, were strongly suppressed by human low density lipoprotein (LDL). The
      addition of LDL (50 micrograms protein/ml) resulted in a 50% decrease in the
      reductase activity within 3 h and a 95% reduction after 24 h. Similarly, over 90%
      suppression of the reductase activity was obtained by the addition of LDL or
      mevalonolactone when the cells were grown on a serum-free medium. ML-236B
      (compactin), a specific inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, inhibited sterol
      synthesis from [14C]acetate by 80% at 1 microM. Reductase activity in FM3A cells
      was increased by 2.5- to 5-fold when the cells were treated with ML-236B (at 0.26
      2.6 microM for 24 h). Thus, in FM3A cells, HMG-CoA reductase activity responded
      well to LDL, as is observed in human skin fibroblasts. Along with other novel
      features of this cell line, the present observations indicate that FM3A cells
      should be useful in biochemical and somatic cell genetic analysis of cholesterol
      metabolism, especially as regards the regulation of HMG-CoA reductase activity.

PMID- 4066644
TI  - A sensitive method for quantitative analysis of phospholipid molecular species by
      high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A simple and sensitive method was developed for quantitative analysis of
      phospholipid molecular species. Diacylglycerols were prepared from phospholipids
      by phospholipase C treatment and converted to the corresponding dinitrobenzoyl
      derivatives, which could be sensitively detected at 254 nm. The derivatives of 21
      molecular species were resolved by high-performance liquid chromatography with an
      octadecylsilyl reversed-phase column. All the derivatives had the same peak area
      per mol, and peak areas were proportional to the amounts of the derivatives.
      Quantification was carried out at the picomole level.

PMID- 4066645
TI  - Properties of purified colchicine-binding protein from a cultured carrot cell
      extract.
AB  - Colchicine-binding protein (CBP) was purified from a cultured carrot cell extract
      by DEAE-Sephacel, phosphocellulose and Sephadex G200 column chromatographies. The
      purified CBP separated into three bands on SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. One of them reacted with a monoclonal antibody against chick
      brain alpha-tubulin and the other two with that against beta-tubulin. Colchicine
      binding activity of the purified protein was enhanced by tartrate and inhibited
      little by an excess of podophyllotoxin. It decayed following first order
      kinetics, but was more stable than the CBP in the crude extract. The binding
      constant of the purified CBP for colchicine was 0.57 microM-1 and the number of
      binding sites of colchicine per mg protein was about 2 nmol. This binding
      constant is about ten times lower than that of porcine brain tubulin under
      identical conditions.

PMID- 4066646
TI  - Dermatan sulfate-reactive lectin from chicken liver.
AB  - A lectin highly reactive with dermatan sulfate (DS-lectin) was purified from
      adult chicken liver by gel filtration on Toyopearl HW-55 and subsequent affinity
      chromatography on new adsorbents which were prepared by immobilizing heparin or
      dermatan sulfate via the reducing ends on hydrazino-Toyopearl. The DS-lectin
      behaved as a single protein on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. On excitation
      at 280 nm, the DS-lectin emitted fluorescence centered at 336 nm, which was
      attributable to tryptophan residues and could be quenched by the addition of
      specific saccharides. The affinity constants of the DS-lectin with specific
      saccharides were calculated from the changes in intensities of fluorescence
      difference spectra induced by the saccharides. Dermatan sulfate and protuberic
      acid, which is composed of L-iduronic acid and D-glucuronic acid (1:2), had the
      highest affinity constants among the polysaccharides tested. Partially N
      desulfated heparin had a higher affinity constant than that of native heparin
      while dextran sulfate showed no affinity. D-Glucuronic acid and N
      acetylneuraminic acid induced weak but significant quenching, but not N
      acetylgalactosamine or cellobiose. These results were essentially in good
      agreement with those of hemagglutination inhibition tests and indicated that DS
      lectin has a strong affinity for L-iduronic acid residues and probably carboxyl
      groups in the saccharides, while sulfate groups on the saccharides interfere with
      the specific interaction.

PMID- 4066647
TI  - Structural requirements of lipid A responsible for the functions: a study with
      chemically synthesized lipid A and its analogues.
AB  - To confirm the revised lipid A structure of Escherichia coli and to establish the
      structure responsible for its functions, biological activities of the synthetic
      compounds based on the presented structure of E. coli lipid A were investigated.
      Compound 506, 2-deoxy-6-O-(2-deoxy-2-[(R)-3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoylamino]-3-O
      [(R)3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-3-O-[(R) -3
      hydroxytetradecanoyl]-2-[(R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoylamino]-alpha -D-glucopyranose
      1,4'-bis(phosphate), exhibited activities identical to those of natural E. coli
      lipid A in eliciting Shwartzman reaction and tests on lethality, pyrogenicity,
      interferon- and tumor necrosis factor-inducing activities as well as in B-cell
      activating activity and Limulus amebocyte lysate gelating activity. With the
      exception of the Shwartzman reaction the monophosphorylated synthetic compounds
      at either the 1 or 4' position showed slightly lower activities than the compound
      with the bisphosphorylated compound (Compound 506). The compound without the
      phosphate group showed no or only very weak activities. The structural
      requirements for each activity (i.e. binding position and composition of fatty
      acids and presence of phosphate groups) are discussed taking into account the
      results of previous investigations.

PMID- 4066648
TI  - Differential inhibitory effects of 5-substituted 1-beta-D-xylofuranosyluracil 5'
      triphosphates and related nucleotides on DNA-dependent RNA polymerases I and II
      from the cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou).
AB  - Various 5-substituted 1-beta-D-xylofuranosyluracil 5'-triphosphates (hydrogen,
      methyl-, ethyl-, n-propyl, n-butyl, fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, and iodo
      derivatives) and some of the 3'-deoxyribofuranosyl nucleotides (3'-deoxy UTP and
      3'-deoxy TTP) were synthesized chemically and their inhibitory effects on DNA
      dependent RNA polymerases I and II of the cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) were
      studied systematically. These 3'-modified UTP analogues could not be utilized as
      substrates in place of UTP, but they did inhibit the incorporation of UMP into
      RNA in vitro. In contrast, 2'-modified UTP analogues, such as 2'-dTTP and Ara
      TTP, were neither substrates nor inhibitors. Kinetic analysis showed that the
      inhibition by these compounds was essentially competitive with substrate UTP. The
      K1 values of RNA polymerase I for the analogues were smaller (2-6 microM) than
      the Km value for UTP (8 microM), but those for xylo-EtUTP, xylo-PrUTP, and xylo
      BuUTP were larger (about 20 microM) than the Km for UTP. In contrast to these
      alkyl groups with steric and electron-donating effects, halogen groups have
      electron-withdrawing effects on the uracil nucleus. Therefore, it was concluded
      that the inhibitory activity of these analogues on RNA polymerase I was not
      affected by the inductive effects of substituent groups at the 5-position of
      uracil nucleus but by their steric effects. On the other hand, all of the K1
      values of RNA polymerase II for UTP analogues were smaller (0.4-3 microM) than
      the Km value for UTP (4 microM). In this case, neither steric effect nor an
      inductive effect of substituents on UTP analogues influenced the inhibitory
      activity towards RNA polymerase II.

PMID- 4066649
TI  - Isoprenoid enzyme systems of silkworm. I. Partial purification of isopentenyl
      pyrophosphate isomerase, farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase, and geranylgeranyl
      pyrophosphate synthetase.
AB  - Isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase, farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase, and
      geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthetase were detected in cell-free extracts of
      Bombyx mori and were partially purified by hydroxyapatite and Sephadex G-100
      chromatography. Two forms of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase were
      chromatographically separated. They were designated as farnesyl pyrophosphate
      synthetases I and II in the order of their elution from hydroxyapatite. Both
      enzymes catalyzed the exclusive formation of (E,E)-farnesyl pyrophosphate from
      isopentenyl pyrophosphate and either dimethylallyl pyrophosphate or geranyl
      pyrophosphate. However, they were not interconvertible, unlike the enzyme from
      pig liver. These two enzymes resembled each other in pH optima and molecular
      weights but differed in susceptibility to metal ions. Farnesyl pyrophosphate
      synthetase II was stimulated by Triton X-100 while synthetase I was inhibited by
      the same reagent.

PMID- 4066650
TI  - Isoprenoid enzyme systems of silkworm. II. Formation of the juvenile hormone
      skeletons by farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase II.
AB  - Comparative substrate specificities of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetases I and
      II purified from larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori, were studied by use of the
      possible biosynthetic intermediates of juvenile hormones in the insect. In the
      presence of Mn2+ ions farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase II showed higher activity
      than synthetase I and the corresponding enzyme from pig liver with the following
      substrate homologues: (Z)-3-methyl-2-pentenyl-, 3-ethyl-3-butenyl-, (2E,6Z)-3,7
      dimethyl-2,6-nonadienyl-, and (2E,6Z)-3-ethyl-7-methyl-2,6-nonadienyl
      pyrophosphate. When (Z)-3-methyl-2-pentenyl-, 3-ethyl-3-butenyl-, and isopentenyl
      pyrophosphate were mixed and incubated with farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase II,
      (2E,6E,10Z)-3,11-dimethyl-7-ethyl-2,6,10-tridecatrienyl-, (2E,6E,10Z)-3,7,11
      trimethyl-2,6,10-tridecatrienyl, and a trace amount of (2E,6E,10Z)-3,7-diethyl-11
      methyl-2,6,10-tridecatrienyl pyrophosphate, whose carbon skeletons were the same
      as those of juvenile hormone I, II, and O, respectively, were formed. (Z)-3
      Methyl-2-pentenyl pyrophosphate was produced from 3-ethyl-3-butenyl pyrophosphate
      as a single product by the action of silkworm isopentenyl pyrophosphate
      isomerase, though the enzyme activity was much lower with this substrate than
      with the usual substrate, isopentenyl pyrophosphate.

PMID- 4066651
TI  - The induction of peroxisome proliferation in rat liver by perfluorinated fatty
      acids, metabolically inert derivatives of fatty acids.
AB  - The induction of peroxisome proliferation in rat liver was examined after
      administration of perfluoro-n-decanoic acid (PFDA, C10), perfluoro-n-octanoic
      acid (PFOA, C8), perfluoro-n-butyric acid (PFBA, C4), 1-H,1-H-pentadecafluoro-n
      octanol (PFOL, C8) perfluorododecane (PFD, C12), and perfluorooctane (PFO, C8).
      The peroxisome proliferation in the liver was detected by the following methods;
      1) measurement of liver weight, 2) assay of hepatic catalase activity, 3)
      analysis of 600 X g supernatant of liver homogenates by SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis to observe the induction of the bifunctional enoyl-CoA hydratase
      in peroxisomes (80K-protein) and 4) observation by electron microscopy. The oral
      administration of powdered chow containing 0.02%-PFOA and PFBA to male rats of
      the Sprague-Dawley strain for 2 weeks and the single intraperitoneal injection of
      corn oil mixed with PFDA, PFOA, and PFOL at the dose of 100 mg/kg induced
      peroxisome proliferation markedly. PFOL, which has two hydrogen atoms around the
      hydroxylated carbon, should be metabolized to PFOA, which is an active inducer.
      Perfluorinated paraffins, PFD and PFO, did not show any induction, indicating the
      importance of the carboxylic group in the molecule for the peroxisome
      proliferation. Although the participation of thyroid hormone cannot be excluded,
      PFOA appears to act directly on the liver.

PMID- 4066652
TI  - Kinetic study of carboxypeptidase P-catalyzed reaction. Pressure and temperature
      dependence of kinetic parameters.
AB  - Detailed kinetic analyses of carboxypeptidase P-catalyzed reactions were carried
      out spectrophotometrically using 3-(2-furyl)acryloyl-acylated peptide substrates.
      The maximum kcat/Km was observed at around pH 3.5 for the synthetic peptide
      substrates. The kcat/Km value decreased with increasing pH, with an apparent pKa
      value of 4.43. However, the maximum kcat was observed at neutral pH (pH congruent
      to 6) and the pKa was 4.49. These apparently different pH profiles for kcat/Km
      and kcat of this enzyme were due to the decreasing Km value in the acid pH
      region. The pressure and temperature dependences of these kinetic parameters were
      also measured. N-Benzoylglycyl-L-phenyllactate (Bz-Gly-OPhLac) gave dependences
      similar to those of the peptide substrate, suggesting that there is no distinct
      difference in the catalytic mechanism between the peptide and the ester
      hydrolyses.

PMID- 4066653
TI  - Characterization of beta-actinin: a suppressor of the elongation at the pointed
      end of thin filaments in skeletal muscle.
AB  - We examined the physico-chemical properties and the functions of beta-actinin by
      using a beta-actinin preparation having the same properties as those reported by
      Maruyama et al. (J. Biochem. 81, 215-232, 1977). beta-Actinin was composed of two
      components with molecular weights (estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) of 35,000 and 31,000 daltons. Their
      isoelectric points in 8 M urea were, respectively, 5.9 and 5.4, clearly
      distinguishable from those of tropomyosin, troponin T and some enzymes having
      similar molecular weights. beta-Actinin suppressed the polymerization of actin
      onto the free end, i.e., the pointed end, of thin filaments in an I-Z-I brush
      prepared by dissolving thick filaments of a myofibril at high ionic strength.
      Further, beta-actinin suppressed the association of actin to the whole region of
      an I-Z-I brush. The present study indicates that beta-actinin is composed of two
      components and functions as a suppressor of elongation at the pointed end of thin
      filaments, supporting the conclusions of Maruyama et al. (J. Biochem. 81, 215
      232, 1977).

PMID- 4066654
TI  - Acidic glycolipids from dolphin kidney.
AB  - The composition and contents of acidic glycolipids in the kidney of a striped
      dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba, the order Cetacea, whales) were determined. The
      following eight acidic glycolipids were isolated and characterized: SM4s (124.2
      nmol/g tissue), SM3 (8.7), GM3 (NeuAc) (12.3), GM3 (NeuGc) (31.6), GD3 (NeuAc
      NeuAc) (14.7), GD3 (NeuAc-NeuGc) (II3 alpha(NeuAc alpha 2-8NeuGc)-LacCer) (9.8),
      GD3 (NeuGc-NeuAc) (II3 alpha(NeuGc alpha 2-8NeuAc)-LacCer) (5.3), and GD3 (NeuGc
      NeuGc) (15.8). The assignment of the four types of GD3 was further confirmed as
      described below. Evidence indicating 2-8 linkages of the disialosyl residues of
      GD3 was obtained on methylation analysis of sialic acid. GD3 (NeuAc-NeuAc) and
      GD3 (NeuGc-NeuAc) were degraded to GM3 (NeuAc), and GD3 (NeuAc-NeuGc) and GD3
      (NeuGc-NeuGc) yielded GM3 (NeuGc) on mild acid hydrolysis. Fragment ions
      characteristic of the carbohydrate and lipophilic moieties of the permethylated
      GD3 were observed in direct inlet-electron impact-mass spectra. The presence of
      these four types of GD3 in a tissue has not been reported previously. GD3
      contained non-hydroxy (69-84%) and hydroxy fatty acids (16-31%) with 16-24
      carbons. The long chain base of all GD3, except GD3 (NeuGc-NeuAc) (not analyzed),
      consisted of 4-sphingenine (d18:1) and 4-hydroxysphinganine (t18:0) in almost
      equal amounts. The total amount of renal lipid-bound acidic groups (sulfate and
      sialic acid) of the dolphin (190 mumol/animal) is considerably higher than that
      of a terrestrial mammal (88 mumol/animal) with a body weight comparable to that
      of the dolphin. This deviation suggests that the amount of renal acidic
      amphiphiles required to maintain the osmotic balance of body fluids in marine
      mammals might be higher than that in terrestrial ones.

PMID- 4066655
TI  - Abnormal laminin secretion from parietal endoderm-like F9 cells in the presence
      of monensin.
AB  - We studied the effects of monensin on post-translational modification and
      intracellular transport of precursors of laminin subunits in parietal endoderm
      like F9 cells. At concentrations higher than 0.1 microM, monensin inhibited the
      processing of high-mannose type precursors for all three subunits and caused
      their cytoplasmic accumulation. Furthermore, the secretion of mature subunits of
      laminin was inhibited. Instead, polypeptides with similar molecular weights to
      those of intracellular precursors were secreted. These polypeptides were
      immunologically related to laminin subunits and were sensitive to digestion with
      beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo H). This indicated that Golgi complexes of
      the cells can transport the precursors of laminin subunits even with their
      terminal glycosylation inactivated by monensin. Tunicamycin induced the
      accumulation of unglycosylated precursors and strongly reduced their secretion
      into the medium.

PMID- 4066656
TI  - Identification of a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in the cardiac cytosol,
      which phosphorylates phospholamban in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
AB  - A multifunctional calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in the canine cardiac
      cytosol was purified to near homogeneity. The purified enzyme inactivated
      glycogen synthase by means of phosphorylation. The enzyme also phosphorylated
      phospholamban and several other proteins. In view of its physicochemical
      properties and substrate specificity, the enzyme differed from myosin light chain
      kinase and phosphorylase kinase, and was considered to belong to a class of
      similar calmodulin-dependent protein kinases from brain, liver, and skeletal
      muscle. The results suggest that the enzyme mediates multiple Ca2+-dependent
      functions in the heart.

PMID- 4066657
TI  - Dissociation and reconstitution of a DNA polymerase alpha-primase complex.
AB  - The conditions for dissociation of the DNA polymerase alpha-primase complex (DNA
      polymerase alpha 1) have been examined. It was revealed that 50% ethylene glycol
      effectively dissociated the complex. The dissociated DNA polymerase and primase
      were purified to eliminate cross-contaminating activities by column
      chromatography using buffers containing 50% ethylene glycol. The sedimentation
      coefficients of the purified DNA polymerase and primase were 7.1S and 5.7S,
      respectively. These two enzymes were mixed in the presence of 20% ethylene glycol
      and the mixture was sedimented through a glycerol gradient containing no ethylene
      glycol. The DNA polymerase and primase activities co-sedimented at 9.1S which
      corresponds to the S value of intact alpha 1, indicating the reconstitution of
      the DNA polymerase alpha-primase complex.

PMID- 4066658
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of 16-kilobase pairs of DNA 5' to the human epsilon-globin
      gene.
AB  - We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a 16-kilobase pair (kb) region of
      DNA on the 5' side of the human embryonic globin gene (epsilon). This sequence,
      when combined with previously published sequences, gives an uninterrupted
      sequence of 21 kb extending from approximately 19.5 kb upstream of the epsilon
      globin gene to 0.3 kb 3' to its poly(A)-addition site. Computer-assisted analysis
      of this DNA reveals no large regions of self-homology but it shows the presence
      of seven members of the Alu family of repeated DNA, two very short members of the
      Kpn family of repeated DNA, one unusual direct repeat of 39 base pairs, and two
      potential stem and loop structures. The overall frequencies of mono- and
      dinucleotides within the 21 kb approximate those found in the total human genome
      but the distribution of (G + C)-rich regions signal many sequences of interest.
      The occurrences of some of the polynucleotides and polydinucleotides also differ
      appreciably from randomness, and the region contains several large stretches of
      these simple sequences. We found no evidence of strand asymmetry in the region.
      Homology between the nucleotide sequences of the human epsilon- and G gamma
      globin genes extends only 100 base pairs 5' to the genes. One region, about 10 kb
      upstream of the gene, shows an apparent clustering of unusual sequence features.
      We discuss our sequence data in relation to the studies by others of DNAase
      hypersensitive sites and 5' transcription endpoints in this part of the beta
      globin gene cluster.

PMID- 4066659
TI  - Studies of the role of a particulate folate-binding protein in the uptake of 5
      methyltetrahydrofolate by cultured human KB cells.
AB  - The characteristics of the uptake by human epidermoid carcinoma (KB) cells of 5
      methyltetrahydrofolate at extracellular concentrations in the physiologic range
      and the possible role of a membrane-associated folate binder in folate uptake by
      KB cells have been investigated. Uptake of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate was specific,
      saturable, and time-, temperature-, and concentration-dependent. Trypsin
      treatment released 50% of the 5-methyltetrahydrofolate accumulated by KB cells at
      4 degrees C, but only 12% at 37 degrees C, indicating that most of the
      accumulated ligand was intracellular at 37 degrees C, thus demonstrating
      transport. Accumulated 5-methyltetrahydrofolate was bound to a membrane
      associated protein which required detergent for its solubilization, and a
      significant amount of which was oriented to the cell exterior as demonstrated by
      its release by trypsin treatment of intact KB cells. The membrane-associated
      folate binder was immunoprecipitated by antiserum to purified human placental
      folate receptor, and this antiserum inhibited 5-methyltetrahydrofolate uptake by
      intact KB cells in a concentration-dependent manner. These data support the
      hypothesis that the membrane-associated folate-binding protein of human cells
      participates in the transport of folates under physiologic conditions.

PMID- 4066660
TI  - Channeling between the active sites of formiminotransferase-cyclodeaminase.
      Binding and kinetic studies.
AB  - Formiminotransferase-cyclodeaminase, a circular tetramer of dimers, binds four
      tetrahydropteroylpolyglutamates/octamer, which indicates that these polyglutamate
      sites are formed by one type of subunit interface. The transferase and deaminase
      are separate catalytic sites as determined by inhibition studies with (6R)
      tetrahydropteroylglutamate and by the observation that the activities can operate
      simultaneously. Under conditions where the transferase is saturated with
      tetrahydropteroyl(glutamate)n substrate, exogenously added formimino intermediate
      is utilized by the deaminase only if at least one of the substrate/intermediate
      pair is a monoglutamate. These properties indicate the existence of only one
      polyglutamate site/pair of catalytic sites. Kinetic specificity for each activity
      as measured by Vm/Km increases for longer polyglutamates, but does not
      differentiate among 4, 5, 6, and 7 glutamates. The enzyme shows distinct
      preference for hexaglutamate based on Kd as well as on Km values. With all
      substrates, Vm of the deaminase is greater than that of the transferase, allowing
      for potential channeling of the intermediate between active sites. Efficiency of
      channeling, optimal with pentaglutamate, does not correspond with affinity for
      binding. This demonstrates that a steric requirement predominates over simple
      sequestering of intermediates on the enzyme surface as the fundamental mechanism
      for channeling.

PMID- 4066661
TI  - The nature of post-translational formation of MM creatine kinase isoforms.
AB  - Isoforms (derived from the same isoenzyme but distinguished by differences in
      isoelectric point) of MM creatine kinase appear in plasma after myocardial
      infarction. They are formed by conversion of the tissue form of creatine kinase
      (MM-A, pI 7.80) to progressively more acidic species (MM-B, pI 7.50) and MM-C (pI
      7.20) after release into the circulation. To define the changes responsible for
      myocardial MM creatine kinase isoform formation in humans and dogs, purified
      isoforms were treated with trypsin or cyanogen bromide. The digests were
      fractionated by reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. Comparison of
      proteolytic maps showed that MM-A and MM-C were each characterized by a single,
      unique peptide peak. Maps of MM-B creatine kinase contained both of these peaks.
      Sequence analysis and comparison with the complete amino acid sequence of MM
      creatine kinase showed that the peptide unique to MM-A corresponded to the COOH
      terminal tryptic or CNBr peptide. The peptide unique to MM-C was shown to have
      the same amino acid composition except for lysine (the COOH-terminal amino acid).
      Thus, isoform formation is characterized by the successive removal of the COOH
      terminal lysine residue from one M subunit at a time resulting in the conversion
      of MM-A to isoforms MM-B and MM-C.

PMID- 4066662
TI  - Substrate channeling of oxalacetate in solid-state complexes of malate
      dehydrogenase and citrate synthase.
AB  - Current evidence suggests that mitochondrial matrix enzymes exist in solid-state,
      multienzyme complexes in vivo. Addition of polyethylene glycol to a solution
      containing malate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase generates such a solid
      state, enzyme complex in vitro at enzyme concentrations permitting kinetic
      measurements. Suspensions of the isolated, solid-state, hetero-complex of these
      enzymes were used to study the coupled reactions of citrate synthesis from
      malate, NAD, and CoASAc. The particles appear to be about 1 microgram in
      diameter. Considering the ratio of enzyme to oxalacetate molecules in or at the
      surface of the solid-state particles, one would expect oxalacetate to be
      converted to citrate within a few molecular distances of the site of oxalacetate
      generation. This model of "substrate channeling" (or alternatively a direct
      transfer of oxalacetate between enzymes) is supported by experiments with excess
      aspartate aminotransferase and glutamate added to the solution phase to give a
      reaction competing with the synthase for bulk phase oxalacetate. Quantities of
      aminotransferase that reduce the citrate reaction rate with soluble dehydrogenase
      and synthase by 90% do not significantly affect rates with comparable amounts of
      the dehydrogenase-synthase complex. We suggest that similar substrate channeling
      can occur in vivo and discuss the possible advantages provided thereby.

PMID- 4066663
TI  - Metal ions as allosteric regulators of calmodulin.
AB  - Previously we have shown that the fluorescence of the dihydropyridine calcium
      antagonist felodipine provides an accurate means of monitoring the formation of
      an allosterically potentiated conformer of calmodulin (Mills, J. S., and Johnson,
      J. D., (1985) Biochemistry 24, 4897-4903). Characteristic of this conformer is
      the abolition of cooperativity among the two felodipine-binding sites on
      calmodulin and a 20-fold increase in the apparent affinity of calmodulin for
      felodipine. In the present study, we find that the metal cations La3+, Tb3+,
      Pb2+, and Cd2+ are all capable of abolishing the cooperativity (Hill coefficient
      = 2.0) among the two felodipine-binding sites on calmodulin and can increase the
      apparent affinity of calmodulin for felodipine by approximately 20-fold. These
      effects are seen either in the presence or absence of calcium and are half
      maximal at 8, 12, 22, and 1000 microM, respectively. Zinc and H+ are capable of
      producing similar potentiations of felodipine binding (half-maximal at 570
      microM, and pH 5.8), but only in the presence of calcium. In each case, the
      calcium-binding sites of calmodulin must be occupied (by calcium, La3+, Tb3+,
      Pb2+, or by Cd2+) before these metals can bind to sites which are distinct from
      the calcium-binding sites to produce the active conformer of calmodulin which
      exhibits enhanced affinity for felodipine. Mercury and copper can compete with
      these potentiating metal cations on calmodulin and produce an inactivation of
      this active calmodulin conformer. These studies suggest that some metals
      including La3+, Tb3+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and protons are capable of binding to a
      calcium-calmodulin complex and forming an allosterically active species of
      calmodulin which cannot be maintained by physiological concentrations of calcium
      ions alone. Mercury and copper, on the other hand, are capable of inactivating
      this active calmodulin conformer independent of the presence of calcium on
      calmodulin. These findings are examined in terms of the mechanism of action of
      calmodulin and its possible role in heavy metal toxicity.

PMID- 4066664
TI  - Distribution of glucuronic and iduronic acid units in heparin chains.
AB  - The distribution of glucuronic and iduronic acid within the chains of
      anticoagulantly active and inactive beef lung heparin was investigated. A
      fraction with an average molecular weight of 19,500 was isolated from the
      heterodisperse mixture and then separated into active and inactive components by
      affinity chromatography. Each sample was linked through its reducing terminus to
      tyramine, reduced with sodium borotritide, and bound covalently to Sepharose via
      an azo bridge. The bound reduced heparin was treated with a limited amount of
      HNO2 and the degraded fragments were removed. The sections of the chain
      contiguous with the original reducing terminus were then detached from the
      insoluble matrix by reaction with sodium dithionite. The recovered polysaccharide
      was fractionated according to size on Sephadex G-200 and the amount of each
      uronic acid in the individual fractions was determined. Inactive heparin showed a
      constant percentage of glucuronic acid in all fragments, i.e. about 8.9% of the
      total uronic acid. With active heparin the percentage of glucuronic acid
      increased with the distance from the reducing terminus of the polysaccharide
      chain, ranging from 9.5 to 20% of the uronic acids. These results suggest that
      the biosynthesis of active heparin involves unique reactions or specific
      processing of the macromolecule.

PMID- 4066665
TI  - Ascorbic acid and catecholamine release from digitonin-treated chromaffin cells.
AB  - The subcellular localization of catecholamines and ascorbic acid in cultured
      bovine adrenal chromaffin cells was studied by permeabilizing the cells with
      digitonin, a steroid glycoside. Catecholamine release from permeabilized
      chromaffin cells was dependent on the free calcium concentration and the
      temperature of the incubation mixture. By contrast, [14C]ascorbic acid, preloaded
      into the cells, was released by digitonin treatment in a manner independent of
      the concentration of free calcium and with only moderate regard to the incubation
      temperature. The sensitivity of ascorbic acid release to digitonin treatment was
      identical to that of calcium-dependent catecholamine release. These results thus
      suggest that ascorbic acid preloaded into the cells may directly efflux from the
      cell cytoplasm as a result of the permeabilization of the plasma membrane.
      Dimethylepinephrine, a permanently positively charged catecholamine analog which
      is known to be excluded from vesicular fractions, was also released by digitonin
      treatment in a manner independent of calcium. The time course of
      dimethylepinephrine release was very similar to that of ascorbic acid release.
      Thus, newly accumulated ascorbic acid in chromaffin cells may be localized to a
      free pool in the cell cytoplasm rather than in a vesicular compartment.

PMID- 4066666
TI  - Kinetic mechanism of 1-N6-etheno-2-aza-ATP and 1-N6-etheno-2-aza-ADP binding to
      bovine ventricular actomyosin-S1 and myofibrils.
AB  - The fluorescence emission of 1-N6-etheno-2-aza-ATP (epsilon-aza-ATP) at 410-460
      nm is enhanced approximately 8-fold upon mixing substoichiometric concentrations
      of epsilon-aza-ATP with bovine cardiac actomyosin-S1 or myofibrils. The time
      course of nucleotide fluorescence measured in a front face stopped flow cell upon
      mixing epsilon-aza-ATP with bovine cardiac myofibrils ([Ca2+] less than 10(-7) M)
      is essentially the same as that with bovine cardiac actomyosin subfragment-1. In
      single turnover experiments, the fluorescence rapidly rises to a maximum value,
      then decreases with a rate constant of 0.04 s-1 at 0 degree C to a final value
      that is approximately twice the level of the unbound nucleotide. At
      concentrations of epsilon-aza-ATP greater than 40 microM the kinetics of epsilon
      aza-ATP binding is clearly biphasic for both actomyosin-S1 and myofibrils. At 0
      degree C, the rate of the more rapid phase is proportional to nucleotide
      concentration and has a second order rate constant of 1.7 X 10(5) M-1 s-1; the
      rate of the slower phase extrapolates to a maximum of 4-5 s-1 at high nucleotide
      concentration. The rate constants for dissociation of epsilon-aza-ADP from bovine
      cardiac actomyosin-S1 and myofibrils were measured from the decrease in epsilon
      aza-ADP fluorescence enhancement observed upon displacement by ATP to be 20 and
      18 s-1, respectively, at 0 degree C. These results indicate that most of the
      cross-bridges in cardiac myofibrils are bound to actin and that the geometric
      constraints imposed upon the interaction of actin and myosin by the three
      dimensional structure of the myofibril do not modify the kinetics of epsilon-aza
      ATP binding or epsilon-aza-ADP dissociation.

PMID- 4066667
TI  - Methylene blue directly oxidizes glutathione without the intermediate formation
      of hydrogen peroxide.
AB  - Methylene blue stimulates the oxidation of glutathione in red blood cells in
      vitro and in vivo. This oxidation has been attributed to hydrogen peroxide that
      is generated from the autooxidation of leucomethylene blue arising from the
      reduction of methylene blue by NADPH. In this report we present evidence that
      methylene blue directly oxidizes glutathione and that oxidation of glutathione by
      hydrogen peroxide is a secondary reaction. Moreover, superoxide dismutase has no
      effect on the oxidation. Under aerobic conditions, methylene blue oxidizes
      glutathione 30 times faster than the spontaneous autooxidation of glutathione.
      Under anaerobic conditions the stoichiometry of the reaction of methylene blue
      with glutathione supports a direct chemical reaction. The reaction rates between
      glutathione and methylene blue suggest a second order reaction over the
      conditions tested. That neither oxygen radical formation nor significant amounts
      of hydrogen peroxide are produced by methylene blue, even in the presence of
      added glucose, is further confirmed by the failure to detect significant amounts
      of lipid peroxidation products, or hemolysis, in red blood cells incubated with
      the dye.

PMID- 4066668
TI  - Human lysosomal acid lipase/cholesteryl ester hydrolase. Purification and
      properties of the form secreted by fibroblasts in microcarrier culture.
AB  - Lysosomal acid lipase was purified to near homogeneity in a yield of 25-30% from
      secretions of human fibroblasts grown on microcarriers in spinner culture.
      Ammonium chloride was added to the serum-free medium to stimulate production of
      extracellular enzyme and minimize modifications, including proteolytic processing
      and destruction of the mannose 6-phosphate recognition marker, that have been
      associated with packaging and maturation of acid hydrolases in lysosomes.
      Chromatography of secretions by decyl-agarose, hydroxylapatite, phenylboronate
      agarose, and gel filtration resulted in greater than 1500-fold purification of
      the lipase, representing a 10,000-fold increase above the specific activity of
      intracellular enzyme. The apparent molecular weight of approximately 49,000,
      estimated for the lipase by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of
      sodium dodecyl sulfate, was similar to that determined for the native enzyme by
      gel filtration (Mr approximately 47,000). By contrast, a smaller molecular weight
      (Mr approximately 41,000) was estimated for the intracellular enzyme. The
      purified enzyme was susceptible to hydrolysis by endo-beta-N
      acetylglucosaminidase H, which resulted in at least two new forms, reduced in
      apparent molecular weight by approximately 4,000-6,000. Treatment with the
      endoglycosidase did not alter the catalytic activity or heat stability of the
      acid lipase. However, the treated enzyme was no longer internalized by
      fibroblasts via the mannose 6-phosphate receptor and thereby had lost the
      capacity to correct cholesteryl ester accumulation in cultured lipase-deficient
      cells. Acid fatty acyl hydrolase activity for cholesteryl oleate, triolein, and
      methylumbelliferyl oleate co-purified. All three esters were hydrolyzed optimally
      at pH 4.0, but the pH profile was altered by addition of salts or albumin to the
      phospholipid-bile salt substrate mixtures. In a series of saturated fatty acyl
      esters of 4-methylumbelliferone, a derivative with an intermediate chain length
      (9 carbons) was the best substrate and was hydrolyzed at a rate comparable to
      that of the oleate ester at pH 4. The optimal pH for hydrolysis of the
      intermediate and shorter chain length esters was higher by about 2 pH units than
      that for the longer chain esters (pH approximately 4). The activity of the
      purified lipase was stimulated by several different proteins. The relationship of
      this effect to the possible requirement for a natural activator substance has not
      been determined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4066669
TI  - Plastid enzymes of terpenoid biosynthesis. Purification and characterization of
      gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase from Capsicum chromoplasts.
AB  - gamma-Tocopherol methyltransferase was solubilized and purified from Capsicum
      chromoplast membranes by a combination of standard fractionation techniques. The
      purified enzyme was electrophoretically homogeneous, and its molecular weight,
      determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was
      33,000. In the absence of detergent, the enzyme formed high molecular weight
      aggregates. Several properties of the enzyme have been determined. The Km values
      were 2.5 and 13.7 microM for S-adenosylmethionine and gamma-tocopherol,
      respectively. The enzyme was able to transfer the methyl group S
      adenosylmethionine to N-4-azido-2-nitrophenyl-beta-alanyl-gamma-tocopherol. The
      rate of transfer was less efficient compared to gamma-tocopherol. In the presence
      of ultraviolet light, this analog inhibited the gamma-tocopherol
      methyltransferase activity.

PMID- 4066671
TI  - Structure of rabbit muscle aldolase at low resolution.
AB  - X-ray diffraction data were measured by x-ray diffractometry to 5-A resolution
      for both the monoclinic form of rabbit skeletal muscle aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13) and
      a platinum derivative. The heavy atom difference patterson was solved at 6-A
      resolution yielding eight distinct heavy atom sites. Choice was made of the
      enantiomorph and protein phases were calculated on the basis of single
      isomorphous replacement differences. The electron density map calculated from
      these phases was averaged according to the non-crystallographic molecular
      symmetry. Rotational symmetry analysis of native patterson and site symmetry
      analysis of refined heavy atom positions are consistent with the aldolase
      tetramer possessing a very high degree of 222 internal symmetry. The subunits in
      the tetramer are positioned in a tetrahedral configuration displaying a slight
      square planar deformation. Each subunit is roughly ellipsoidal in shape with the
      major axis nearly parallel to a local 2-fold axis. Prominent at the surface of
      each subunit were structural features resembling alpha helices. Each subunit
      contributes to its boundary surface at least six helices which are arranged in a
      barrel-like manner and possessing a right handed twist with respect to each
      other. Density associated with binding of substrate on the enzyme was located on
      the surface of each subunit. Cooperative aspects of the conformational changes
      produced upon substrate binding are discussed.

PMID- 4066670
TI  - Structural characterization of novel complex oligosaccharides accumulated in the
      caprine beta-mannosidosis kidney. Occurrence of tetra- and pentasaccharides
      containing a beta-linked mannose residue at the nonreducing terminus.
AB  - Four oligosaccharide fractions were isolated and purified from the kidney of
      goats affected with beta-mannosidosis by repeating Bio-Gel P-2 column
      chromatography. The structural characterization of the purified oligosaccharide
      fractions (oligosaccharides A, B, C1,2, and D) included sugar composition
      analysis by gas chromatography, sugar sequence analysis by mass spectrometry of
      their permethylated alditols, and by methylation analysis as well as anomeric
      configuration studies by exoglycosidase digestions. Oligosaccharides A and B were
      the major oligosaccharides accumulating in the kidney and were elucidated as Man
      beta 1-4GlcNAc and Man beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-4GlcNAc, respectively (Matsuura, F.,
      Laine, R. A., and Jones, M. Z. (1981) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 211, 485-493).
      Oligosaccharide C1,2 was a mixture of two tetrasaccharides and oligosaccharide D
      was a pentasaccharide. The proposed structures are: oligosaccharide C1, Man beta
      1-4GlcNAc beta 1-4Man beta 1-4GlcNAc; oligosaccharide C2, Man alpha 1-6Man beta 1
      4GlcNAc beta 1-4GlcNAc; oligosaccharide D, Man beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-4Man beta 1
      4GlcNAc beta 1-4GlcNAc. Tetrasaccharide C1 and pentasaccharide D are heretofore
      undiscovered oligosaccharides. There is no precedent for these structures in
      glycoproteins or other glycoconjugates. One possibility which accounts for the
      presence of oligosaccharide C1 and D is that a bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (the
      beta-N-acetylglucosamine residue linked at the C-4 position of the beta-mannosyl
      residue of the trimannosyl core of the asparagine-linked sugar chains) is linked
      by a beta-mannosyl residue. Moreover, the detection of oligosaccharides
      containing two N-acetylglucosamine residues at the reducing terminus, together
      with those containing a single N-acetylglucosamine residue, is further
      corroboration of species-specific differences in glycoprotein catabolic pathways
      (Hancock, L. W., and Dawson, G. (1984) Fed. Proc. 43, 1552) or in glycoprotein
      structures.

PMID- 4066672
TI  - Steady state models of spore cell metabolism in Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - Young sorocarps (consisting of a mass of spore cells resting on a stalk) were
      exposed to low levels of [U-14C]glucose and the spore cells were rapidly
      separated from stalk cells. Metabolites were isolated from spores and their
      specific radioactivities compared to these metabolites isolated from the whole
      organism; i.e. spore plus stalk cells. Based on these data, known reaction rates,
      and metabolite concentrations, highly constrained steady state models of
      metabolism in spore and stalk cells were constructed. Direct evidence has been
      obtained which substantiates earlier predictions regarding cell permeability, the
      distribution of specific metabolites, and the location of reactions in vivo.

PMID- 4066673
TI  - Thyroid cell surface glycoproteins. Nature and disposition of carbohydrate units
      and evaluation of their blood group I activity.
AB  - The distribution along the polypeptide of the carbohydrate units of two major
      calf thyroid cell surface glycoproteins, GP-1 and GP-3, was obtained from a study
      of their glycopeptides obtained after Pronase digestion. The GP-3 molecule (Mr =
      20,000) yielded two large glycopeptides (Mr = 9,500 and 7,000) in equimolar
      amounts which each consisted of one N-linked (Mr = 5,400) and several small O
      linked oligosaccharides accounting for a total of nine carbohydrate attachment
      sites in a 27-amino acid residue segment of the peptide chain. The Pronase
      treatment of GP-1 (Mr = 100,000) revealed the presence of a large protease
      resistant fragment (Mr = 50,000) which contained 34 carbohydrate units (eight N
      linked and 26 O-linked) in a segment of 105 amino acids. In addition to these
      densely glycosylated peptides (one glycosylation site/3 amino acid residues),
      small glycopeptides with polymannose saccharide units were found in the digests
      of both proteins. The occurrence of repeating N-acetyllactosamine sequences in
      the N-linked carbohydrate units of GP-1 and GP-3 was suggested by the composition
      and size of the oligosaccharides released by hydrazinolysis and was demonstrated
      by endo-beta-galactosidase treatment. The cleavage products from digestion with
      this enzyme were identified as NeuAc alpha 2----6Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1---
      3Gal, Gal alpha 1----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal, Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc
      beta 1----3Gal, and GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal with the tetrasaccharides constituting
      the predominant species. The terminal alpha-D-Gal residues accounted for the
      binding of GP-1 and GP-3 glycopeptides to Bandeiraea simplicifolia I-agarose;
      concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography indicated that most of the N
      linked carbohydrate units of both glycoproteins contained more than two branches.
      Difference in the branching on the poly-N-acetyllactosamine sequences of GP-1 and
      GP-3 was suggested by the finding that only the latter glycoprotein, as well as
      its glycopeptides, reacted with anti-blood group I antibodies; neither
      glycoprotein demonstrated blood group i antigenicity. Examination of cultured
      thyroid follicular cells revealed that both I and i determinants were present at
      the cell surface.

PMID- 4066674
TI  - Specific site of histone H3 phosphorylation related to the maintenance of
      premature chromosome condensation. Evidence for catalytically induced interchange
      of the subunits.
AB  - Previously we have found that histone H1 and H3 of tsBN2 cells showing premature
      chromosome condensation (PCC) at nonpermissive temperature (40.5 degrees C) were
      phosphorylated extensively as in mitotic cells (Ajiro, K., Nishimoto, T., and
      Takahashi, T. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 4534-4538). Under the influence of
      various chemicals, both the prevention of the PCC induction and the suppression
      of H3 phosphorylation occurred simultaneously, whereas H1 phosphorylation did
      not. At the minimum concentration for the inhibition of PCC induction, H1
      phosphorylation remained at the control level, but H3 phosphorylation was
      completely suppressed. Tryptic peptide analysis revealed that the H3
      phosphopeptide in PCC was single, and it was observed in the same position as in
      mitosis. The results suggest that specific site(s) of H3 phosphorylation related
      to the maintenance of a condensed state of chromatin.

PMID- 4066675
TI  - A heat shock protein is encoded within mitochondria of higher plants.
AB  - A temperature shift from 25 to 41 degrees C initiates the synthesis of a specific
      set of proteins in maize, including a peptide of 60 kilodaltons. Using an in
      vitro mitochondrial protein synthesizing system, we provide evidence that this 60
      kDa heat shock protein is encoded within the organelle. Further support for this
      heat-induced protein being encoded within mitochondria is that its synthesis is
      inhibited in whole seedlings by chloramphenicol. This 60-kDa heat shock protein
      is induced in all lines of maize we examined. Additionally, a heat-induced
      peptide of similar size (62 kDa) can be detected in isolated mitochondria of a
      dicot plant, Brassica campestris. The function of the heat shock protein encoded
      within the mitochondria remains unknown.

PMID- 4066676
TI  - Biosynthesis of a C21 steroid conjugate in an insect. The conversion of
      [14C]cholesterol to 5-[14C]pregnen-3 beta,20 beta-diol glucoside in the tobacco
      hornworm, Manduca sexta.
AB  - Following injection into Manduca sexta (L.) female pupae (day 16),
      [14C]cholesterol was converted to a C21 steroid conjugate, 5-[14C]pregnen-3
      beta,20 beta-diol glucoside. The conjugate was isolated from ovaries and eggs and
      contained three glucose units at least one of which is attached to C-20. The
      distribution of the other two glucose units remains to be determined. Other than
      the dealkylation of C-24 alkane or alkene substituents, side-chain cleavage of
      sterols is uncommon to insects. Here we report the first definitive proof of the
      biosynthesis of a C21 steroid conjugate from cholesterol in an insect species.
      The capability of M. sexta to so readily convert cholesterol to a C21 steroid
      suggests a physiological role for 5-pregnen-3 beta,20 beta-diol in this species.

PMID- 4066677
TI  - Diethylstilbestrol metabolites and analogs. Biochemical probes for differential
      stimulation of uterine estrogen responses.
AB  - Diethylstilbestrol (DES) and certain chemically structural derivatives and
      analogs, indenestrol A (IA), indenestrol B (IB), indanestrol (IN), and pseudo-DES
      (PD), have been used as probes to examine various estrogenic responses previously
      considered interrelated and obligatory to the stimulation of uterine growth. All
      the analogs had poor uterotropic activity in vivo which ranged from 10-200 times
      less than that of estradiol or DES. The poor uterotropic activity was not due to
      poor binding affinity for the receptor. All compounds except IN interacted with
      the mouse uterine estrogen receptor with high affinity (approximately Ka 1.5-2.2
      X 10(10) M-1). In addition, the compounds were able to translocate similar levels
      of receptor to the nucleus in vivo. Nuclear retention and occupancy of the
      estrogen receptor by the compounds was comparable to the patterns produced by DES
      or estradiol. The activity of uterine tissue responses was investigated during
      treatment with the compounds. Only IA stimulated uterine glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase to significant levels similar to DES or estradiol. Uterine
      progesterone receptor was induced to varying degrees by all compounds; the
      indenestrol isomers (IA and IB) were the most active. Uterine DNA synthesis was
      marginally stimulated by the derivatives and analogs except for IB which showed a
      response increase comparable to DES or estradiol. Because of the differential
      stimulation, these data suggest that in uterine tissue estrogen receptor
      stimulates certain biochemical responses independently and not in concert. The
      ability of a particular response to be increased may depend on the chemical
      nature of the ligand receptor complex and its interaction at genomic sites.

PMID- 4066678
TI  - The use of N-methylated peptides and depsipeptides to probe the binding of
      heptapeptide substrates to cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
AB  - Peptide 1, Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly, is an excellent substrate for cAMP
      dependent protein kinase. While the importance of both arginines for effective
      enzyme-substrate interactions has been shown, it has not been known whether the
      kinase will catalyze phosphorylation of substrates which contain other than
      peptide bonds. We report that analogs of peptide 1 which contain depsi linkages
      replacing selected amide bonds are good protein kinase substrates. Therefore,
      with the possible exception of the serine amide proton, no peptide 1 amide
      hydrogens are involved in peptide-peptide or peptide-enzyme hydrogen bonding
      crucial to defining the high substrate activity of this peptide. It is thus
      unlikely that peptide 1 is bound by the protein kinase while in an alpha-helical
      or a beta-turn structure. Three peptides were found to be very poor substrates
      for protein kinase, those containing N-methyl amino acids in place of Ser5 or
      Leu6 and a peptide containing Pro in place of Leu6. These peptides are poor
      substrates for the enzyme possibly because they are unable to adopt a
      conformation necessary for catalysis of phosphoryl group transfer to occur or due
      to steric effects in the enzymatic active site.

PMID- 4066679
TI  - 1H NMR evidence that almond "peptide: N-glycosidase" is an amidase. Kinetic data
      and trapping of the intermediate.
AB  - The enzyme from almond that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic linkage
      between asparagine and the oligosaccharide chain of glycopeptides and
      glycoproteins has been variously termed an N-glycosidase and an amidase enzyme.
      Using turkey ovomucoid glycopeptide as a substrate for the enzyme, we followed
      the hydrolysis reaction by 1H NMR spectroscopy. These kinetic data revealed a
      rapid hydrolysis of the substrate but a delayed appearance of the final product.
      This implied that an intermediate, most likely a 1-aminooligosaccharide, was
      formed during the reaction. Identification of the intermediate as a 1-beta-amino
      N-acetylglucosamine-oligosaccharide was achieved by trapping it as the 1
      acetamido derivative using acetic anhydride and subsequent analysis by 1H NMR.
      The data conclusively demonstrate that the enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of the
      glycopeptide to form an aspartic acid-containing polypeptide and an intermediate
      oligosaccharide amine. The latter derivative is hydrolyzed nonenzymatically to
      yield the final carbohydrate product. Thus, the enzyme is in fact an
      amidohydrolase (amidase) and not an N-glycosidase. The trivial name
      glycopeptidylamidase is suggested.

PMID- 4066680
TI  - Identification and purification of membrane and soluble forms of the major
      surface protein of Leishmania promastigotes.
AB  - A major integral membrane glycoprotein of 63 kDa (p63), present at 500,000
      copies/cell, was found on the surface of Leishmania major LEM 513 promastigotes.
      This protein was labeled either by surface iodination of the cells or by
      metabolic incorporation of [35S]methionine. Peptide maps of the proteins labeled
      by the two procedures were identical. Protein p63 was purified in three steps:
      extraction and phase separation in the nonionic detergent Triton X-114,
      chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, and finally chromatography on a Mono-Q column.
      The carbohydrate content as well as the concanavalin A receptor activity were
      characterized. A hydrophilic form of p63 was generated during the purification of
      the protein. This form was not derived by proteolysis from the amphiphilic
      protein found in the membrane, but may have been generated by the hydrolysis of a
      lipid containing myristyl residue(s) anchoring the protein in the membrane.

PMID- 4066681
TI  - Oligosaccharide structures of isolated human colonic mucin species.
AB  - Purified human colonic mucin contains six distinct components which may be
      separated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Past studies defined the structure of
      oligosaccharide side chains from the most abundant species III, IV, and V which
      elute at intermediate salt concentrations. In these studies the structures of
      oligosaccharide side chains liberated from the remaining early and late eluting
      species I, II, and VI were determined after isolation by sequential conventional
      and high performance liquid chromatography through combination of gas
      chromatography, methylation analysis, and sequential glycosidase digestion. Mucin
      species I, II, and VI contained a less varied array of discrete oligosaccharide
      structures than that observed in the major mucin components. Mucin species I and
      II contained five and 10 structures, respectively, which account for 68 and 71%
      of total oligosaccharide content in these fractions. The predominant
      oligosaccharides of mucin species I included three neutral structures: a
      disaccharide GlcNAc beta (1-3)GalNAc-ol, a trisaccharide Gal beta (1-4)GlcNAc
      beta (1-3)GalNAc-ol, and a tetrasaccharide GlcNAc beta (1-4)Gal beta (1-4)GlcNAc
      beta (1-3)GalNAc-ol as well as two acidic components representing the sialylated
      forms of two of these oligosaccharides. Mucin species II contained these same
      oligosaccharides as well as four additional acidic structures, notably a
      disaccharide Neu alpha (2-6)GalNAc-ol and a hexasaccharide Gal beta (1-4)GlcNAc
      beta (1-3)Gal beta (1-4)GlcNAc beta (1-3) (NeuAc alpha (2-6))-GalNAc-ol, not
      identified in any other mucin species. The late eluting mucin species VI
      contained at least five discrete neutral oligosaccharides and six major acidic
      structures. While the majority of these structures had been previously isolated
      from the earlier eluting mucin species IV and V, species VI also contained di-
      and trisialylated oligosaccharides not identified in other mucin species. In
      conjunction with earlier studies of the major mucin species III, IV, and V, these
      data define the range of oligosaccharide structures present in human colonic
      mucin. These studies demonstrate that human colonic mucin possesses species with
      characteristic and distinguishable combinations of oligosaccharides which reflect
      variations of common core structures.

PMID- 4066682
TI  - Stability of asymmetrical hybrid hemoglobins. Determination by anaerobic high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Asymmetrical hybrid hemoglobins formed in mixtures of Hb A and Hb S, Hb F and Hb
      S, Hb S and Hb York(beta 146 His----Pro), and Hb A and Hb York were separated by
      high performance liquid chromatography on cation and anion exchange columns under
      anaerobic conditions. The ratio of the hybrid hemoglobin to the total mixture was
      consistently lower than that theoretically expected and decreased with longer
      elution times. The hybrid tetramer appears to be unstable even under anaerobic
      conditions and dissociates into alpha beta dimers. The time course of
      dissociation of the hybrid hemoglobins was determined by varying the separation
      programs and thus separating the hybrid hemoglobin at different elution times.
      The rate of the dissociation of the hybrid hemoglobins studied follows first
      order kinetics. The lines representing the time course of dissociation of hybrid
      hemoglobins were extrapolated to time 0 to determine the fraction of the hybrid
      hemoglobin in the mixture prior to separation. The values obtained for equimolar
      mixtures of Hb A and Hb S and Hb York and Hb S or Hb A were in agreement with the
      expected theoretical value (50%). In contrast, the value obtained for hybrid
      hemoglobin FS was slightly less (about 40%). AY and SY hybrid hemoglobins
      dissociated into dimers at a considerably faster rate than did AS and FS hybrid
      hemoglobins, possibly because of the mutation at the beta 146-position in hybrid
      hemoglobins containing alpha beta Y dimers. This mutation hinders the formation
      of salt bridges that normally stabilize the "T" quaternary conformation. Since
      such hybrid hemoglobins have a partial "R" conformation even when deoxygenated,
      their rate of dissociation to dimers is expected to increase.

PMID- 4066683
TI  - Biphasic recombination of photodissociated CO compound of cytochrome o(s) from
      Vitreoscilla.
AB  - The soluble cytochrome o from Vitreoscilla contains two identical subunits and
      two hemes. The reduced form binds 2 mol of CO in a cooperative manner with a Hill
      coefficient near 2 (Tyree, B., and Webster, D. A. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 6988
      6991). This carbonyl compound was photolysed with a dye laser and recombination
      followed at 437 or 420 nm where maximal absorbance changes were registered.
      Recombination kinetics were biphasic, and the fast phase was approximately 10
      times the rate of the slow phase. Apparent rate constants of both phases showed a
      nonlinear dependence on CO concentration, respectively, in conformity with a
      reaction scheme which assumes the transient formation of an intermediate species
      in both slow and fast reactions. A study of temperature dependence of the
      reactions gave EA = 2.7 kcal/mol for the slow reaction and EA = 3.2 kcal/mol for
      the fast reaction below 23 degrees C; above this temperature the slope of the
      Arrhenius plot for the fast reaction became positive. Maximal rates for both
      phases were around pH 6.5 and fell to approximately 40% of maximal at pH 12. The
      binding reaction was affected by even a low concentration of sodium dodecyl
      sulfate (0.0025%), which changed both the kinetic constant of each phase and the
      relative contribution of each phase to the reaction. A model which assumes the
      existence of fast and slow reaction conformers in equilibrium is proposed.

PMID- 4066684
TI  - A monoclonal antibody to the estrogen receptor inhibits in vitro criteria of
      receptor activation by an estrogen and an anti-estrogen.
AB  - The effect of an IgM class monoclonal antibody (B36) (Greene, G. L., Fitch, F.
      W., and Jensen, E. V. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 77, 157-161) raised
      against the calf uterine estrogen receptor was tested in vitro on certain
      parameters of estrogen receptor activation by estradiol or 4-hydroxytamoxifen, a
      potent anti-estrogen. The following results were obtained. The antibody prevented
      the decrease in the dissociation rate of the receptor-estradiol complex which
      results from activation of the complex, whereas it did not affect the
      dissociation rate of the receptor-4-hydroxytamoxifen complex, which remains
      unchanged upon activation. The antibody also increased the dissociation rate of
      the preactivated receptor-estradiol complex. The antibody protected the naked
      estrogen receptor against heat-inactivation. B36 partially inhibited the binding
      of the estradiol- and 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen-receptor complexes to DNA adsorbed onto
      cellulose, but did not reverse the receptor-DNA binding. This inhibition was not
      overcome by higher DNA concentrations and was more pronounced for the receptor
      interacting with estrogen than with anti-estrogen. All these effects were
      specific since they were related to antibody/antigen recognition and were dose
      dependent. These results indicate that the binding of the antibody to the
      estrogen-activated receptor induces a conformational change in the receptor and
      that the antibody can prevent and overcome the effect of activation whatever its
      mechanism. They also confirm that the conformations of the estrogen receptor
      differ when bound to estradiol or to 4-hydroxytamoxifen.

PMID- 4066685
TI  - Variation of Ap4A and other dinucleoside polyphosphates in stressed Drosophila
      cells.
AB  - The unusual bis(5'-nucleosidyl)oligophosphates: Ap4A, Ap4G, Ap3A, and Ap3G, have
      been measured in cultures of Drosophila cells. Exponentially growing cells
      contain concentrations of 0.25, 0.31, 0.87, and 2.25 microM, respectively. These
      nucleotides have been followed after stressing the cells either by CdCl2 addition
      or by heat-shock treatment. Their concentrations are not affected by exposure to
      500 microM CdCl2 during 6 h. Beyond this threshold of cadmium concentration, the
      nucleotides increase. With 5 mM CdCl2, an enhancement by 2 orders of magnitude of
      all the dinucleoside tri- and tetra-phosphates is observed. Upon heat-shock from
      19 to 37 degrees C, Ap4A, Ap3A, and Ap3G increase up to 2.2, 3, and 3.3 times
      their initial levels, respectively. The increase is achieved within 1 h.

PMID- 4066686
TI  - Gas-chromatographic mass-spectrometric detection of 1,4-hexahydrothiazepine-3,5
      dicarboxylic acid (cyclothionine) in bovine brain.
AB  - Cystathionine has been reported to undergo enzymatic changes leading to the
      formation of seven membered cyclic products (Ricci, G., Santoro, L., Achilli, M.,
      Matarese, R. M., Nardini, M., and Cavallini, D. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 10511
      10517; Cavallini, D., Costa, M., Pensa, B., and Coccia, R. (1985) Biochem. Int.
      10, 641-646). Gas-chromatographic and mass-spectrometric evidence reported in
      this paper indicates that the cyclic derivative of cystathionine, 1,4
      hexahydrothiazepine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid, here simply named cyclothionine, is a
      normal component of bovine brain. This finding together with the detection of the
      same compound in the urine of cystathioninuric patients (Kodama, H., Sasaki, K.,
      Mikasa, H., Cavallini, D., and Ricci, G. (1984) J. Chromatogr. 311, 183-188)
      supports the conclusion that cystathionine, apart from its role in trans
      sulfuration, is converted also into cyclic compounds whose biochemical
      significance is as yet unknown.

PMID- 4066687
TI  - Iron delivery during proliferation and differentiation of kidney tubules.
AB  - Proliferation during kidney development can be stimulated with an iron chelator,
      ferric pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (FePIH). Neither the starting products
      nor the intermediary in FePIH synthesis stimulated proliferation. Thus, the
      growth-promoting effects of FePIH are due to the iron ion. Some other low
      molecular weight, saturated iron chelators such as glycyl-histidyl-lysine
      acetate, nitrilotriacetic acid, ascorbate, citrate, and unchelated ferrous
      sulfate could not support as high a degree of proliferation as FePIH or
      transferrin. FePIH delivered just slightly less radioactive iron into the
      trichloroacetic acid-precipitable fraction than transferrin. The octanol/saline
      partition coefficients of radioactive iron in solution with transferrin,
      nitrilotriacetic acid, or chloride were all less than 0.06. Thus, these compounds
      cannot efficiently traverse the lipid membrane. On the other hand, Fe3+ carried
      by PIH had a partition coefficient of 0.96. Hence, FePIH can stimulate
      proliferation because it can carry iron through the lipid membrane. Transferrin
      is not lipophilic but it delivers iron by receptor-mediated endocytosis.

PMID- 4066688
TI  - A high resolution NMR study of localized dynamic and structural perturbations in
      human hemoglobin modified with thiol reagents.
AB  - The hydrogen exchange kinetics of the N delta H proton in His F8 of iodoacetamide
      and N-ethylmaleimide-treated human deoxyhemoglobins were studied using a NMR
      method. Comparison with unmodified hemoglobin shows that the reagents, covalently
      bound to Cys beta 93, significantly increase (about one order of magnitude) the
      exchange kinetics in beta chains only. This effect was partially reversed by the
      strong allosteric effector inositol hexaphosphate. Study of the high resolution
      400-MHz NMR spectra of modified oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobins permitted localization
      of the extent of chemically induced structural perturbations. The resonances
      corresponding to hydrogen bonds specific to the deoxy conformation are not
      changed, in accord with the preserved cooperativity. Under the experimental
      conditions (0.1 M bis-Tris, 10 mM Cl-, pH 7.2), the salt bridge at the C terminus
      of the beta chain in the deoxy state (His beta 146-Asp beta 94) is perturbed by
      both modifications. The His beta 146 appears to be rendered more immobilized by
      the reagents in the oxy conformation. From the resonances corresponding to heme
      pocket protons of oxyhemoglobin it is deduced that the perturbations do not
      extend over the distal side of the heme pocket but are limited to the FG, F, and
      HC segments of the beta chain.

PMID- 4066689
TI  - Origin of apolipoprotein A-I polymorphism in plasma.
AB  - The origin and the functional significance of apo-A-I polymorphism in man has
      been investigated. Together with proapo-A-I (identified as A-I1 of the
      polymorphic series), four other isoforms are found in human plasma, namely A-I2,
      A-I3, A-I4, and A-I5. A-I3 is the "mature" product of proapo-A-I conversion in
      plasma. In this study we provide evidence that the other, more acidic, mature apo
      A-I isoproteins are derived from A-I3 by a stepwise deamidation process. This
      conclusion is based on the following observations. 1) Incubation of A-I3 or A-I4,
      either free or associated with high density lipoprotein, produces a series of
      more acidic isoproteins corresponding to the sequence found in plasma. The
      conversion process fits in well with a first order reaction, and A-I3 to A-I4
      conversion occurs virtually at the same rate as A-I4 to A-I5 conversion. 2) A-I3
      and A-I4 have the same NH2- and C-terminal residues. 3) Formation of apo-A-I
      acidic isoproteins is accompanied by liberation of ammonia. In order to
      investigate whether deamidation of apo-A-I results in the production of forms
      which have different catabolism, a series of turnover studies was carried out in
      normal volunteers. A-I3 and A-I4 residence times in plasma were, respectively,
      3.50 +/- 0.16 and 3.00 +/- 0.10 days (mean +/- S.E.; n = 3). Degradation rate of
      A-I3 was 8.81 +/- 0.69 mg/kg/day and that of A-I4 was 1.66 +/- 0.15 mg/kg/day
      (mean +/- S.E.; n = 3). Conversion of A-I3 to A-I4 and A-I4 to A-I5 occurred at
      the same rate in vivo as that observed in vitro. These results are consistent
      with the concept that A-I3 is the precursor to the other mature apo-A-I isoforms
      in plasma. A-I3 is the major isoform through which apo-A-I is eliminated from
      plasma.

PMID- 4066690
TI  - 2H NMR investigation of the organization and dynamics of polyisoprenols in
      membranes.
AB  - The polyisoprenols (PIs) dolichol and undecaprenol function as chemical carriers
      of glycosyl residues in the membrane-directed synthesis of glycoconjugates in
      prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The molecular details of how these lipid
      cofactors function is unknown. Presented here are results of deuterium NMR
      investigations of site specifically 2H-labeled PIs incorporated into model
      membranes. To complement previous omega-terminal PI labeling schemes, a simple
      synthesis of head group 2H-labeled PIs is presented in which a PI alcohol is
      esterified with deuterated acetyl chloride. The 2H-labeled PIs, when incorporated
      into multilamellar membranes composed of phosphatidylcholine, gave rise to 2H NMR
      powder patterns interpretable in terms of quadrupole splittings (delta vQ) and
      spin-lattice relaxation times (T1s). Pure isomers of head group 2H-labeled
      geraniol (C10) and solanesol (C45) gave rise to single splittings while farnesol
      (C15) gave rise to two sets of splittings due to cis-trans isomerization at the
      polar terminal double bond. Membranes containing C45 solanesol exhibited a large
      isotropic component, indicative of limited partitioning of this poly trans PI
      into the membrane. T1 measurements revealed high rates of motion for PIs relative
      to cholesterol in similar membrane hosts and revealed correlation times close to
      the fatty acyl methyl termini in phosphatidylcholine. The smaller PIs showed
      higher rates of motion but the T1s of head and tail labels were similar. These
      data indicate that both ends of the esterified PI molecules see similar
      environments, probably in the bilayer interior, and suggest that the esterified
      PIs studied here do not appear to adopt a conventional head group-at-interface
      orientation of lipids within the bilayer.

PMID- 4066691
TI  - Trypsin-like enzyme from eggs of the ascidian (protochordate), Halocynthia
      roretzi. Purification, properties, and physiological role.
AB  - A trypsin-like enzyme has been purified to apparent homogeneity from eggs of the
      ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, by a procedure including column chromatography on
      diethylaminoethyl-cellulose, phenyl-Sepharose, and soybean trypsin inhibitor
      immobilized Sepharose 4B. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be
      31,000 and 33,000 by gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate under the
      reducing and the nonreducing conditions, respectively. The isoelectric point of
      the enzyme was 4.8. The pH optimum of the activity was 8.4. The enzyme was stable
      between pH 6 and 9 in the presence of 0.005% Brij 35 as a stabilizer. Substrate
      specificity of the purified enzyme was broad toward various peptidyl-arginine (or
      -lysine) 4-methylcoumaryl-7-amides and was similar to that of a trypsin-like
      enzyme found in the fertilization product. The purified enzyme was inhibited by
      diisopropyl fluorophosphate and a variety of trypsin inhibitors including
      leupeptin, but not, or scarcely, inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid,
      pepstatin, chymostatin, bestatin, elastatinal, and tosyl-phenylalanyl
      chloromethane. The rankings in the potencies of leupeptin and its six analogs as
      the inhibitors of the purified enzyme were well correlated with those found in
      their inhibitory effects on the expansion of perivitelline space. Thus, the
      trypsin-like enzyme possibly present in the fertilization product participates in
      the expansion of perivitelline space of the egg during fertilization of the
      ascidian.

PMID- 4066692
TI  - Myoglobin: cytochrome b5 interactions and the kinetic mechanism of metmyoglobin
      reductase.
AB  - Metmyoglobin (metMb) reduction by metMb reductase from heart muscle requires
      cytochrome b5 as electron-transfer mediator. The existence of a metMb-ferrous
      cytochrome b5 complex is demonstrated by mutual perturbation of the proteins'
      respective electrophoretic titration curves between pH 4 and 7. The same
      technique shows a preferential binding of cytochrome b5 over metMb by the enzyme.
      The paramagnetic hyperfine shifts in the cytochrome b5 1H NMR spectrum are
      perturbed by metMb, indicating the formation of a specific bimolecular complex
      with a 1:1 stoichiometry and a binding constant estimated to be less than 10
      microM. The resonances assigned to the cytochrome b5 heme 6-propionate methylene
      group exhibit the largest complexation shifts. Computer modeling implicates
      lysines 47, 50, and 98 of metMb as contact points with cytochrome b5 carboxylate
      residues 43, 44, 60, and heme 6-propionate. The mechanism of the enzymatic
      reduction establishes metMb reductase as an NADH-cytochrome b5 oxidoreductase.
      Cytochrome b5 is reduced at near diffusion-controlled rates by the enzyme with a
      turnover number of 1000 min-1 X Km for the cytochrome is 0.9 microM versus 100
      microM reported for the erythrocyte enzyme. Ferrous cytochrome b5 then reduces
      metMb nonenzymatically with an apparent rate constant of 4.9 X 10(4) M-1 min-1 X
      Acetylation of metMb, which does not affect its oxygen affinity or chemical
      reduction, renders it a poor substrate for enzymatic reduction. This study
      suggests a function for the three exterior lysine residues conserved in all
      mammalian myoglobin sequences: they are contact points for complexation with
      cytochrome b5.

PMID- 4066693
TI  - Anion carrier in the human erythrocyte exists as a dimer.
AB  - The in situ state of assembly of the human erythrocyte anion carrier (band 3) has
      been investigated by applying target size analysis on the radiation-induced
      inactivation of anion flux and degradation of polypeptide band 3. Irradiation
      with a high energy electron beam resulted in inactivation of carrier-mediated
      anion flux in intact cells, in inside-out vesicles devoid of cytoskeletal and
      cytoplasmic proteins, and in inside-out vesicles whose band 3 protein has been
      partially proteolyzed, with little change in leak pathway. The inactivation
      showed a single exponential function of radiation dose from which the target size
      of the anion carrier was estimated to be 210,000, 220,000, and 98,000 daltons in
      intact cells, in the inside-out vesicles, and in the vesicles after a limited
      proteolysis, respectively. Irradiation also resulted in degradation of the band 3
      of the inside-out vesicles, as detected on sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel
      electrophoresis, with a dose dependence characteristic of a target size of
      220,000 daltons. It is suggested that the human erythrocyte anion carrier exists
      in situ as a dimer of band 3.

PMID- 4066694
TI  - Interaction of protein kinase C with membranes is regulated by Ca2+, phorbol
      esters, and ATP.
AB  - Physiologic regulation of protein kinase C activity requires its interaction with
      cellular membranes. We have recently shown that binding of the enzyme to plasma
      membranes is controlled by Ca2+, whereas enzyme activators, like phorbol esters,
      regulate both membrane binding and enzyme activity. Here we describe the factors
      which control the dissociation of protein kinase C from the plasma membrane. In
      the absence of phorbol esters, the dissociation reaction is rapid and is
      determined by varying the Ca2+ concentration between 0.1 and 1 microM. However,
      the presence of 4-beta-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate greatly reduces enzyme release in
      response to Ca2+ depletion; removal of the phorbol ester itself permits efficient
      membrane-enzyme dissociation. The stabilization of the membrane-protein kinase C
      complex by phorbol esters can be reversed by ATP with an apparent Km for the
      nucleotide of 6.5 microM. The ATP effect requires MgCl2 and cannot be reproduced
      by other nucleotides or by a nonhydrolyzable analogue, suggesting that an ATP
      dependent phosphorylation reaction may be involved. 4-beta-Phorbol 12,13
      dibutyrate appears to stabilize membrane-enzyme association by reducing the
      apparent Km for Ca2+ to about 15 nM, whereas ATP reverses the phorbol ester
      effect by increasing the Km for Ca2+ to about 760 nM. Furthermore, the strong
      degree of negative cooperativity displayed by the Ca2+-dependent enzyme-membrane
      dissociation is consistent with the presence of multiple interacting Ca2+-binding
      sites on protein kinase C.

PMID- 4066695
TI  - Egasyn, a protein which determines the subcellular distribution of beta
      glucuronidase, has esterase activity.
AB  - The glycoprotein egasyn complexes with and stabilizes precursor beta
      glucuronidase in microsomes of several mouse organs. Several observations
      indicate egasyn is, in addition, an esterase. Liver homogenates of egasyn
      positive strains have specific electrophoretically separable esterases which are
      absent in egasyn-negative mice. These esterases react with anti-egasyn serum. A
      specific esterase was likewise complexed with immunopurified microsomal beta
      glucuronidase. The esterases were, like egasyn and microsomal beta-glucuronidase,
      concentrated in the microsomal subcellular fraction. Egasyn which is not bound to
      beta-glucuronidase, which represents 80-90% of total liver egasyn, is not
      complexed with other liver proteins. Egasyn, therefore, specifically stabilizes
      beta-glucuronidase in microsomes. The esterase activity is inhibited by bis-p
      nitrophenyl phosphate indicating it is a carboxyl esterase. Several possible
      functions of egasyn-esterase activity are discussed.

PMID- 4066696
TI  - The antioxidant activity of alpha-tocopherol-bovine serum albumin complex in
      micellar and liposome autoxidations.
AB  - A comparison is made of the antioxidant activity of a water-soluble form of alpha
      tocopherol complexed with bovine serum albumin (alpha-T X BSA) with that of
      micellar alpha-tocopherol and aqueous 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2
      carboxylate (Trolox) to inhibit autoxidation of linoleic acid in sodium dodecyl
      sulfate micelles. The peroxyl radical trapping ability of alpha-T X BSA compares
      favorably with that of alpha-tocopherol and Trolox, and all three can be used in
      quantitative measurements of the susceptibility of the micellar substrate to
      undergo autoxidation: the oxidizability, for reactions initiated in the micellar
      phase by di-tertbutylhyponitrite (DBHN) or in the aqueous phase by
      azobisamidinopropane hydrochloride (ABAP). alpha-Tocopherol and Trolox are also
      effective antioxidants to inhibit DBHN- or ABAP-initiated autoxidations of
      dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) liposomes prepared as multilamellar or
      unilamellar bilayers characterized by 31P NMR spectra. The oxidizability of DLPC
      liposomes is determined by various combinations of water-soluble and lipid
      soluble initiators and the antioxidants, alpha-tocopherol and Trolox. In
      contrast, alpha-T X BSA does not effectively trap peroxyl radicals when it is
      added after initiation of autoxidation in the lipid phase (DBHN) or in the
      aqueous phase (ABAP). The radical trapping ability of alpha-T X BSA becomes
      evident if it is mixed with the DLPC for some hours before initiation. This
      result is interpreted in terms of diffusion of alpha-tocopherol from the bound
      alpha-T X BSA form to the liposome before it exhibits antioxidant activity.

PMID- 4066697
TI  - Sequence of the N-terminal formic acid fragment and location of the N
      ethylmaleimide-binding site of the phosphate transport protein from beef heart
      mitochondria.
AB  - The N-terminal formic acid fragment (FA1) of the N-[3H]ethylmaleimide-labeled and
      carboxymethylated bovine mitochondrial phosphate transport protein (PTPN*CM) has
      been purified and completely sequenced: NH2-Ala-Val-Glu-Glu-Gln-Tyr-Ser-Cys-Asp
      Tyr10-Gly-Ser-Gly-Arg-Phe- Phe-Ile-Leu-Cys- Gly20-Leu-Gly-Gly-Ile-Ile-Ser-Cys-Gly
      Thr-Thr30-His-Thr -Ala-Leu-Val-Pro-Leu-Asp- -Leu-Val40-Lys-Cys(N
      [3H]ethylmaleimide)-Arg-Met-Gln-Val-Asp- COOH. By thermolysin digestion of FA1
      and high-performance liquid chromatography isolation of the radioactive
      subfragment Leu39-Arg43, the sole N-ethylmaleimide-binding residue has been
      identified as Cys42. FA1 contains a high mole percentage of cysteine (8.5%) and
      shows silver staining anomaly. Its sequence reveals significant homology in the
      triplicated gene regions (Pro27,132,229) of the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier
      from beef heart and Neurospora crassa. The hydropathic profile suggests that FA1
      contains a transmembrane segment (Phe15-Val40) with only one basic (His31) and
      one acidic (Asp38) residue. The presence of the phosphate transport protein gene
      among nuclear genes is suggested from a lack of significant homology between the
      reverse-translated FA1 (mitochondrial codons) and the bovine mitochondrial
      genome. The inhibitory action of N-ethylmaleimide on the phosphate transport
      mechanism is discussed.

PMID- 4066698
TI  - Isolation of mutants in M13 coat protein that affect its synthesis, processing,
      and assembly into phage.
AB  - The major coat protein (gene 8 protein) of bacteriophage M13 has been studied
      intensively as a model of membrane assembly, protein packing, and protein-DNA
      interactions. Because this protein is essential for assembly of the phage, very
      few mutants have been isolated. We have therefore cloned the gene 8 into a
      plasmid under control of the araB promoter. In the presence of arabinose, the
      cloned gene is expressed at a rate comparable to that in an M13-infected cell.
      Plasmid-derived procoat is inserted across the plasma membrane and processed to
      coat at a normal rate. The coat can support plaque formation by a defective M13
      virus (M13am8) with an amber mutation in its procoat gene. This complementation
      assay was used to screen the mutagenized, cloned gene 8 for mutants which fail to
      make fully functional coat. Mutants were obtained which fail to synthesize
      procoat, which do not convert procoat to mature coat protein, or in which the
      coat protein is incapable of assembling into infectious virions.

PMID- 4066699
TI  - Cholera toxin ADP-ribosylates the islet-activating protein substrate in adipocyte
      membranes and alters its function.
AB  - In adipocyte membranes, cholera toxin may ADP-ribosylate the islet-activating
      protein (IAP) substrate, under certain conditions. Covalent modification is
      maximal in the absence of a guanosine triphosphate; in the presence of 5'
      guanylylimidodiphosphate, incorporation of [32P]ADP-ribose is markedly reduced.
      ADP-ribosylation by cholera toxin has similar functional consequences as does IAP
      mediated modification, i.e. the biphasic response of isoproterenol-stimulated
      adenylate cyclase to GTP and the inhibition by N6-phenylisopropyladenosine is
      abolished, and only the stimulatory phase remains. In contrast, membranes treated
      with cholera toxin in the presence of GTP display both the stimulatory and
      inhibitory responses to GTP. The binding of the adenosine analog [3H]N6
      phenylisopropyladenosine is increased in the presence of GTP. Treatment of the
      membranes with IAP, but not with cholera toxin in the absence of GTP, reverses
      this GTP effect on [3H]N6-phenylisopropyladenosine binding. However, [3H]N6
      phenylisopropyladenosine binding is still sensitive to GTP in membranes treated
      with cholera toxin in the presence of GTP. In adipocyte and cerebral cortical
      membranes, the IAP substrate appears as a 39,000/41,000-Da doublet which does not
      appear to reflect protease activity. On two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels,
      these two proteins migrate with approximate pI values 6.0 and 5.6, respectively.
      Although both behave similarly under all conditions explored in this study, it is
      unknown whether both, or only one, are involved in inhibition of adenylate
      cyclase activity. These results extend the already striking homology between the
      adenylate cyclase complex and the visual system. Ni, as well as transducin, may
      be ADP-ribosylated by cholera toxin and by IAP, and, in all cases, there are
      functional consequences.

PMID- 4066700
TI  - Secretion of a major phosphorylated glycoprotein by hepatocytes. Characterization
      of specific antibodies and investigations of the processing, excretion kinetics,
      and phosphorylation.
AB  - Isolated rat hepatocytes secreted a major phosphorylated glycoprotein (PP63) with
      apparent Mr = 63,000 and isoelectric point ranging from 4.8 to 5.3. Specific
      antibodies were raised in a rabbit using material obtained from plasma as an
      antigen. The biosynthesis of PP63 was studied in vitro in a cell-free system and
      in intact hepatocytes incubated with or without tunicamycin. The mRNA translation
      product had a Mr = 43,000 and was of the same size as the major unglycosylated
      precursor found in intact cells. This precursor was rapidly processed into two
      major intracellular forms of Mr = 53,000 and 56,000. These species were
      insensitive to neuraminidase but susceptible to endoglycosidase H, indicating
      that they contained oligosaccharide side chains of the high mannose-type.
      Terminal glycosylation gave rise to the mature Mr = 63,000 protein that contained
      sialic acid and fucose. This species represented the exportable form of the
      protein and was the only one to be phosphorylated. The charge heterogeneity
      observed for the mature protein already existed in all the precursors, indicating
      that it could not be ascribed to sialylation or to phosphorylation. However,
      these covalent modifications were mainly responsible for the acidic character of
      PP63. PP63 secretion was altered by tunicamycin. Pulse-chase experiments showed
      that the phosphorylated glycoprotein was secreted according to kinetics similar
      to that described for other liver glycoprotein, with slower kinetics than
      albumin. Permanent phosphorylation did not appear mandatory for excretion since
      the dephosphorylated PP63 was excreted with an efficacy comparable to that of the
      phosphorylated protein. Phosphorylation of PP63 was shown to occur on a single
      tryptic peptide, at a serine residue.

PMID- 4066701
TI  - Protein kinase C in the human erythrocyte. Translocation to the plasma membrane
      and phosphorylation of bands 4.1 and 4.9 and other membrane proteins.
AB  - Protein kinase C (PK-C) was demonstrated in human erythrocytes using the
      exogenous substrate histone H1. The enzyme was dependent on the simultaneous
      presence of micromolar Ca2+ and phosphatidylserine. The Ca2+ requirement was
      reduced in the presence of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13
      acetate (TPA). Activity was normally recovered in cytoplasmic extracts, but
      treatment of intact cells with TPA (EC50 = 40 nM) prior to lysis caused a rapid
      translocation of activity from the cytoplasm to the membrane. Following
      translocation, PK-C activity in the isolated membrane was independent of Ca2+ and
      phosphatidylserine and could not be removed by manipulating ionic strength.
      Ghosts from TPA-treated cells showed a marked increase in the phosphorylation of
      five proteins (termed PK-C-1-5) of Mr 120,000, 110,000, 80,000, 78,000, and
      49,000. Addition of purified bovine brain PK-C to ghosts from untreated cells
      resulted in the phosphorylation of the same five proteins. PK-C-3/4 corresponded
      to Band 4.1 and PK-C-5 to Band 4.9. Both proteins were isolated from ghosts and
      shown to be substrates for PK-C in vitro. PK-C-1 and -2 appear to be minor
      peripheral membrane proteins as both were released from the membrane by alkaline
      solutions. Incubation of 32P-prelabeled erythrocytes with TPA (EC50 = 40 nM) also
      resulted in a dose-dependent phosphorylation of PK-C-1-5. These results suggest
      that PK-C may play an important role in erythrocyte membrane function.

PMID- 4066702
TI  - A synthetic signal peptide blocks import of precursor proteins destined for the
      mitochondrial inner membrane or matrix.
AB  - A peptide corresponding to amino acids 1-27 of preornithine carbamyltransferase
      (pOCT) has been chemically synthesized. When added to energized mitochondria in
      vitro, 20 microM of the peptide, designated pO(1-27), resulted in a collapse of
      the electrochemical potential across the mitochondrial inner membrane. This
      effect on transmembrane potential was not observed, however, when pO(1-27) was
      added to energized mitochondria under conditions that support in vitro import of
      precursor proteins (i.e. in the presence of reticulocyte lysate). The latter
      finding, therefore, made possible an examination of the ability of pO(1-27) to
      block import of homologous and heterologous proteins into the organelle. At 5-10
      microM, pO(1-27) prevented import of pOCT in vitro; inhibition was overcome by
      increasing the concentration of pOCT. In contrast, pO(16-27), a peptide
      corresponding to amino acids 16-27 of pOCT and exhibiting a charge:mass ratio
      similar to pO(1-27) had no such inhibitory effect. pO(1-27) blocked import of
      other unrelated precursor proteins destined either for the mitochondrial matrix
      (pre-malate dehydrogenase and a hybrid protein containing the signal sequence of
      pre-carbamyl phosphate synthetase) or for the mitochondrial inner membrane (pre
      thermogenin).

PMID- 4066703
TI  - Structural changes in the large proteoglycan in differentiating chondrocytes from
      the chick embryo tibiotarsus.
AB  - 35SO4(2-)- or [3H]GlcN-labeled heavy proteochondroitin sulfate was isolated from
      monolayer cultures of chondrocytes from the zones of dividing, elongated, and
      hypertrophying cells of chick embryo tibias, and the keratan sulfate (KS)
      component was characterized. The KS glycopeptides remaining after digestion of
      the proteoglycans with thermolysin and chondroitinases were isolated and
      depolymerized by hydrazinolysis and nitrous acid cleavage. The resulting KS
      disaccharides had nonreducing terminal D-galactose (Gal) residues and reducing
      terminal anhydro-D-mannose (AMan) residues. The KS fractions from all cultures
      had identical disaccharide compositions, with 18-20% Gal----AMan, 72-79% Gal---
      AMan(6-SO4), and 7-9% Gal(6-SO4)----AMan(6-SO4). The ratios of chondroitin
      sulfate (CS) to KS synthesized by cultures of dividing, elongated, and
      hypertrophied chondrocytes were 15, 27, and 30, respectively. Approximately 30%
      of the CS chains of the proteochondroitin sulfate in the cell matrix pools had
      nonreducing terminal GalNAc(4,6-diSO4) residues, but none of the CS chains in the
      proteochondroitin sulfate recovered from the culture medium pools were terminated
      with these residues.

PMID- 4066704
TI  - Phosphorylation of histidine in proteins by a nuclear extract of Physarum
      polycephalum plasmodia.
AB  - A high salt nuclear extract from the true slime mold Physarum polycephalum was
      used as a source of kinase activity for the incubation of calf thymus histones
      with [gamma-32P]ATP. A major proportion of the 32P incorporated into histones was
      acid-labile and alkali-stable. The nature of the alkali-stable phosphorylated
      component was analyzed by subjecting the phosphorylated protein to total alkaline
      hydrolysis and separating the resultant phosphoamino acids by anion exchange
      chromatography. The 32P-labeled material co-chromatographed with phosphohistidine
      standards and did not co-chromatograph with phosphoserine, phosphothreonine, or
      phosphotyrosine standards. In similar experiments using reversed phase high
      performance liquid chromatography to separate the phosphoamino acids, the 32P
      labeled phosphoamino acid behaved like the 1-isomer of phosphohistidine, in not
      being retained by the column, and unlike 3-phosphohistidine, phosphoserine,
      phosphothreonine, phosphotyrosine, and phosphoarginine, which were all retained
      on the column. Histone H4 was a good substrate for the histidine kinase activity
      and the location of the phosphorylated histidine residue was probed by peptide
      mapping using chymotrypsin or V8 protease. Both maps were consistent with
      labeling of histidine 75 and inconsistent with labeling of histidine 18. The data
      show that Physarum nuclei contain a major kinase activity which produces
      phosphohistidine. The methods we have developed for studying this kinase activity
      provide the basis for a complete characterization of the structure and function
      of the Physarum enzyme and can be applied to the study of similar kinase
      activities in other systems.

PMID- 4066705
TI  - Immobilized phospholipase A2 from cobra venom. Prevention of substrate
      interfacial and activator effects.
AB  - The activation of cobra venom phospholipase A2 by activators (containing
      phosphorylcholine moieties) appears to depend upon the aggregation state of the
      enzyme, and the presence of a lipid-water interface. The characteristics of this
      activation were studied by comparing the behavior of the enzyme immobilized on an
      agarose gel to that of the soluble enzyme. The immobilized enzyme displays only a
      few per cent of the soluble enzyme activity toward micellar dipalmitoyl
      phosphatidylcholine (PC). However, the relative loss of activity is much less
      with micellar dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine or soluble diheptanoyl-PC. The
      affinity for Ca2+ is increased about 10-fold by immobilization while the apparent
      pKa of the enzyme is decreased by 0.5-0.8 pH units. Activation energies are
      similar for the two enzyme forms and are independent of the physical state of the
      substrate used. Catalytic constants of the enzyme toward monomeric PC are not
      changed by immobilization. Yet, activators of the soluble enzyme have negligible
      effect on the immobilized enzyme, either in the presence or absence of an
      interface. Monomeric activators promote the binding of the soluble enzyme to the
      immobilized form. Apparently, immobilization mainly produces monomerically
      constrained enzyme which cannot be activated under any condition, whereas
      normally, activators in the presence of lipid-water interfaces induce the
      formation of enzyme dimers or possibly higher order aggregates.

PMID- 4066706
TI  - The 2.6-A crystal structure of Pseudomonas putida cytochrome P-450.
AB  - The crystal structure of Pseudomonas putida cytochrome P-450cam in the ferric,
      camphor bound form has been determined and partially refined to R = 0.23 at 2.6
      A. The single 414 amino acid polypeptide chain (Mr = 45,000) approximates a
      triangular prism with a maximum dimension of approximately 60 A and a minimum of
      approximately 30 A. Twelve helical segments (A through L) account for
      approximately 40% of the structure while antiparallel beta pairs account for only
      approximately 10%. The unexposed iron protoporphyrin IX is sandwiched between two
      parallel helices designated the proximal and distal helices. The heme iron atom
      is pentacoordinate with the axial sulfur ligand provided by Cys 357 which extends
      from the N-terminal end of the proximal (L) helix. A substrate molecule, 2
      bornanone (camphor), is buried in an internal pocket just above the heme distal
      surface adjacent to the oxygen binding site. The substrate molecule is held in
      place by a hydrogen bond between the side chain hydroxyl group of Tyr 96 and the
      camphor carbonyl oxygen atom in addition to complementary hydrophobic contacts
      between the camphor molecule and neighboring aliphatic and aromatic residues. The
      camphor is oriented such that the exo-surface of C5 would contact an iron bound,
      "activated" oxygen atom for stereoselective hydroxylation.

PMID- 4066707
TI  - Allosteric effect of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate on the conformation of NAD+ as
      bound to L-lactate dehydrogenase from Thermus caldophilus GK24.
AB  - The allosteric effect of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (Fru-1,6-P2) on L-lactate
      dehydrogenase (L-lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.27) from Thermus
      caldophilus GK24 was studied by means of 1H NMR analyses. The conformation of
      NAD+ as bound to the T. caldophilus enzyme was elucidated by analyses of the
      transferred nuclear Overhauser effects (TRNOE), in the presence and the absence
      of the allosteric effector, Fru-1,6-P2. Upon binding of Fru-1,6-P2 to the enzyme,
      the ribose ring of the adenosine moiety of NAD+ is converted from the C2'-endo
      form to the C3'-endo form. This C3'-endo form of the adenosine moiety is similar
      to that of NAD+ as bound to nonallosteric vertebrate enzymes. However, the anti
      conformation of the adenine-ribose bond of NAD+ as bound to the T. caldophilus
      enzyme is not affected by the binding of Fru-1,6-P2. In contrast, the syn
      conformation of the nicotinamide-ribose bond is converted to the anti form on the
      binding of Fru-1,6-P2, while the ribose ring remains in the C3'-endo form as
      found in the case of a nonallosteric enzyme. Such a conformational change of
      enzyme-bound NAD+ as found on TRNOE analysis is essentially involved in the
      allosteric regulation of the T. caldophilus enzyme by Fru-1,6-P2.

PMID- 4066708
TI  - Specific chemical modifications in the beta-cleft site of hemoglobin. Potential
      anti-sickling agents with hybrid functionalities.
AB  - Ester and aldehyde groups have been combined to produce molecules with hybrid
      functionalities that might be effective in modifying hemoglobin. In this series
      of compounds, the reagents that carry the combination of an anionic charge and an
      aldehyde as binding groups show a strong preference for the beta-cleft region of
      the protein and produce selective modification therein. 5-Formylaspirin and
      related oxalyl, malonyl, and fumaryl monoaldehyde monoester derivatives form a
      new class of substances for which modification of hemoglobin is very substantial
      and is inhibited by inositol hexaphosphate.

PMID- 4066709
TI  - Thermal activation of the purified rat hepatic glucocorticoid receptor. Evidence
      for a two-step mechanism.
AB  - Thermal "activation" or "transformation" of rat hepatic [6,7-3H]triamcinolone
      acetonide (TA)-receptor complexes purified in the unactivated state to near
      homogeneity (Grandics, P., Miller, A., Schmidt, T. J., Mittman, D., and Litwack,
      G. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 3173-3180) has been further investigated. The data
      generated in reconstitution experiments demonstrate that warming (25 degrees C
      for 30 min) of the purified unactivated complexes promotes their activation as
      judged by an increase in DNA-cellulose binding, but to a lower extent than that
      observed after warming of glucocorticoid-receptor complexes in crude cytosols.
      However, maximal DNA-cellulose binding capacity can be detected in reconstituted
      systems (also heated at 25 degrees C for 30 min) consisting of purified
      unactivated [3H]TA-receptor complexes and a cytoplasmic "stimulator(s)." This
      cytoplasmic factor(s), which does not copurify with the receptor, is heat-stable
      (90 degrees C for 30 min), excluded from Sephadex G-25, and trypsin-sensitive and
      stimulates DNA-cellulose binding in a dose-dependent manner. The ability of
      Na2MoO4 to block thermal activation of the highly purified receptor complexes
      suggests that this transition metal anion interacts directly with the receptor
      protein itself. The fact that the cytoplasmic stimulator(s) enhances DNA
      cellulose binding of the [3H]TA-receptor complexes without increasing the
      proportion of those complexes eluted in the activated (low salt) position from
      DEAE-cellulose is consistent with a proposed two-step model of in vitro
      activation. During the Na2MoO4-sensitive Step 1, elevated temperature (25 degrees
      C for 30 min) may directly alter the conformation of the purified receptor
      complexes (i.e. subunit dissociation or disaggregation), resulting in the
      appropriate shift in the elution profile of the [3H]TA-receptor complexes on DEAE
      cellulose but only in a minimal (approximately 2-3-fold) increase in the binding
      of these complexes to DNA-cellulose. During the Na2MoO4-insensitive and
      temperature-independent Step 2, a heat-stable cytoplasmic protein(s) may interact
      with these thermally activated [3H]TA-receptor complexes and enhance their
      ability to bind to DNA-cellulose without further increasing the percentage of
      those complexes which elute from DEAE-cellulose in the activated position. In
      crude cytosols these two steps would presumably occur simultaneously, and
      addition of Na2MoO4 prior to warming would block Step 1 and hence Step 2 would
      not occur.

PMID- 4066710
TI  - The role of link protein in mediating the interaction between hyaluronic acid and
      newly secreted proteoglycan subunits from adult human articular cartilage.
AB  - Normal adult human articular cartilage in organ culture secretes proteoglycan
      subunits that cannot initially interact in a normal manner with hyaluronic acid
      unless the latter is present at high concentrations and a neutral pH is employed.
      However, if the newly secreted subunit is allowed to mature in the cartilage
      matrix for up to 12 h, then its ability to interact is indistinguishable from
      that of its more mature counterparts. This conversion does not take place if the
      proteoglycan subunits are incubated in dilute solutions in the absence of the
      cartilage, and it is prevented by culturing at low temperature. The newly
      secreted proteoglycan subunits can, however, be induced to interact with
      hyaluronic acid by the presence of link proteins. The complex formed by these
      three components cannot be dissociated in the presence of hyaluronic acid
      oligosaccharides, suggesting a normal aggregate configuration. It is thus
      possible that proteoglycan aggregate formation within the cartilage is initially
      mediated by the presence of link proteins, which induce a conformational change
      with the hyaluronic acid-binding region of the proteoglycan subunits, although
      additional modification may be necessary to render any such change irreversible.

PMID- 4066712
TI  - A mitochondrial NADP+-dependent reductase related to the 4-aminobutyrate shunt.
      Purification, characterization, and mechanism.
AB  - Succinic semialdehyde reductase, a NADP+-dependent enzyme, was purified from
      whole pig brain homogenates. The enzyme preparation migrates as a single protein
      and activity band on analytical gel electrophoresis. Succinic semialdehyde
      reductase (Mr 110,000) catalyzes the reduction of succinic semialdehyde to 4
      hydroxybutyrate. The equilibrium constant of the reaction is Keq = 5.8 X 10(7) M
      1 at pH 7 and 25 degrees C. The inhibition kinetic patterns obtained when 4
      hydroxybutyrate or substrate analogs are used as inhibitors of the reaction
      catalyzed by the reductase are consistent with an ordered sequential mechanism,
      in which the coenzyme NADPH adds to the enzyme before the aldehyde substrate. A
      specific aldehyde reductase was also purified to homogeneity from brain
      mitochondria preparations. Its catalytic properties are identical to those of the
      enzyme isolated from whole brain homogenates. It is postulated that two enzymes,
      i.e. a NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase and a NADP+-dependent reductase, participate
      in the metabolism of succinic semialdehyde in the mitochondria matrix.

PMID- 4066711
TI  - Calcium permeability changes and neurotransmitter release in cultured brain
      neurons. II. Temporal analysis of neurotransmitter release.
AB  - The coupling between depolarization-induced calcium entry and neurotransmitter
      release was studied in rat brain neurons in culture. The endogenous dopamine
      content of the cells was determined by high performance liquid chromatography
      utilizing electrochemical detection. The amount of dopamine in unstimulated cells
      was found to be about 16 ng/mg of protein. Depolarization of the neurons by
      elevated K+ caused a Ca2+-dependent release of dopamine from the cells. Following
      1 min of depolarization, the cellular dopamine content and the amount of
      [3H]dopamine in cells preloaded with the radioactive transmitter were reduced by
      35%. The release of [3H]dopamine by the neurons was measured at 1.5-6-s intervals
      by a novel rapid dipping technique. Depolarization in the presence of Ca2+ (1.8
      mM) enhanced the rate of neurotransmitter release by 90-fold (0.072 +/- 0.003 s
      1) over the basal release in the presence of Ca2+. The evoked release consisted
      of a major rapidly terminating phase (t1/2 = 9.6 s) which comprised about 40% of
      the neurotransmitter content of the cells and a subsequent slower efflux (t1/2 =
      575 s) which was observed during following prolonged depolarization.
      Predepolarization of the cells in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ did not
      affect the kinetics of the evoked release. The fast evoked release could be re
      elicited in the cells after 20 min "rest" in reference low K+ buffer. The effects
      of varying the extracellular Ca2+ concentrations on the kinetic parameters of the
      evoked release were measured. The amount of neurotransmitter released during the
      fast kinetic phase was very sensitive to the external Ca2+ (from 0% in the
      absence of Ca2+ to 40% of the neurotransmitter content at Ca2+ 0.3 mM). The rate
      constant of the fast release did not depend on the extracellular Ca2+, whereas
      the rate constant of the slow release increased from 0.0004 +/- 0.0001 s-1 at 0.4
      mM Ca2+ to 0.0012 +/- 0.0002 s-1 at 0.8 mM Ca2+. The fast evoked release was
      inhibited by verapamil in a concentration-dependent manner. By contrast,
      verapamil enhanced the basal and the slow release independent of the presence of
      Ca2+. Both fast and slow phases of the evoked release were blocked by Co2+.
      Addition of Co2+ within the first 6 s after the onset of depolarization inhibited
      the fast release but failed to do so when added later on.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 4066713
TI  - Behavior of human apolipoprotein E in aqueous solutions and at interfaces.
AB  - Human plasma apolipoprotein E (apo-E) strongly self-associates to form a stable
      tetramer in an aqueous solution at pH 7.4 containing 0.15 M NaCl. Tetramerized
      apo-E is abundant in alpha-helical conformation with an asymmetric molecular
      shape. Apo-E forms a stable monolayer at the air-water interface with a collapse
      pressure of 14 dynes/cm and with a limiting molecular area of 21 A2/amino acid.
      Under low surface pressure (less than 0.5 dyne/cm), it behaves as a monomer at
      the interface. It binds reversibly to the surface of phosphatidylcholine-coated
      triolein particles with a diameter of 26 nm from the aqueous phase in which most
      of the molecules are tetramerized. An apparent dissociation constant (Kd), 1.2 X
      10(-6) M (monomeric molarity) or 40 mg/l, is substantially larger than those of
      the other apolipoproteins, while a binding saturation level (N), 0.8 amino
      acid/surface phospholipid, is equivalent to the N values of those proteins
      (Tajima, S., Yokoyama, S., and Yamamoto, A. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 10073
      10082). Content of alpha-helix increases slightly when it is transferred from the
      aqueous phase to the lipid surface. The results are consistent with a model that
      amphiphilic alpha-helical conformation is responsible both for self-association
      and surface binding and suggest that apo-E may easily dissociate from the
      lipoprotein surface to form a self-associated soluble tetramer.

PMID- 4066714
TI  - Sulfhydryl/disulfide forms of rat liver 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A
      reductase.
AB  - Using radiation inactivation and immunoblotting techniques, evidence for
      functionally active forms of rat liver 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A
      reductase with molecular weights of about 100,000 and 200,000 was obtained. In
      liver microsomes isolated from rats fed both mevinolin and colestipol, the Mr
      100,000 form was the predominant species, whereas in microsomes from animals fed
      only colestipol, the Mr 200,000 species was the major form. This Mr 200,000 form
      could be converted to the Mr 100,000 form by addition of dithiothreitol or beta
      mercaptoethanol. Although both forms appear to possess catalytic activity, the Mr
      200,000 species displays sigmoidal kinetics with respect to the concentration of
      NADPH, whereas the Mr 100,000 form exhibits typical hyperbolic kinetics.

PMID- 4066715
TI  - Characteristics of 30-, 63-, and 89-kilodalton proteins whose secretion from
      mouse fibroblasts is altered by beta-interferon.
AB  - Quiescent mouse BALB/c-3T3 cells were treated with beta-interferon to induce the
      secretion of proteins of 30 and 89 kDa and with a platelet-derived growth factor
      preparation to induce the secretion of a 63-kDa protein. To label the secreted
      proteins the cultures were supplemented with [35S]methionine after addition of
      the inducer. The proteins in the culture fluid were fractionated resulting in a
      radioactively pure 63-kDa protein and 30- and 89-kDa protein preparations with
      residual minor radioactive impurities. The secreted 89-kDa protein shared at
      least one characteristic with some interferon-induced cell-associated enzymes: it
      bound double-stranded RNA tightly. The 63-kDa protein was undetectable in the
      culture fluid from resting BALB/c-3T3 cells and was barely or not at all
      detectable in the culture fluids from growing BALB/c-3T3 and NIH 3T3 cells,
      respectively. The protein was, however, among the three major constitutively
      secreted proteins in the case of growing Kirsten murine sarcoma virus-transformed
      NIH 3T3 cells. Treatment with 1000 units/ml beta-interferon decreased the
      accumulation of the 63-kDa protein in the culture fluid of quiescent BALB/c-3T3
      cells which had been treated with a platelet-derived growth factor preparation by
      over 80% and that in the culture fluid of Kirsten murine sarcoma virus
      transformed NIH 3T3 cells by about 50%. This decrease was not a consequence of an
      inhibition of cell growth.

PMID- 4066716
TI  - The structure of manganese superoxide dismutase from Thermus thermophilus HB8 at
      2.4-A resolution.
AB  - An atomic model of tetrameric manganese superoxide dismutase from Thermus
      thermophilus HB8 has been built into an electron density map at 2.4 A resolution,
      using chemical sequences of Mn dismutases from Thermus aquaticus and Bacillus
      stearothermophilus. The monomer fold is structurally very similar to the fold of
      iron dismutase and comprises two domains, each contributing two ligands to the
      metal. The Mn(III) ion is bound by protein ligands assigned as His 28, His 83,
      Asp 165, and His 169. Near neighbors in the metal-ligand environment include a
      series of hydrophobic residues, Phe 86, Trp 87, Trp 131, and Trp 167. The
      hydroxyl groups of two Tyr residues, at 36 and 182, are less than 7 A from the
      metal, as is His 32. Gln 150 forms a bridge between Tyr 36 and Trp 131. These
      ligands and nearby residues are strongly conserved in the known sequences of Mn
      dismutases. Only one of the two oxygens of Asp 165 has been assigned as a metal
      ligand, so that in the current model four protein atoms bind Mn(III). These
      ligand atoms form part of an approximate trigonal bipyramid in which water may
      occupy an axial position on the side opposite His 28. The conformation of the
      protein is unusual in the vicinity of the first ligand, His 28, as a consequence
      of the insertion of an extra residue in an alpha-helix. The distortion of the
      helix allows His 32 to stack against the ligand, His 169, and brings Tyr 36 close
      to the Mn ion. Across one of the dimer interfaces, the two Mn ions are separated
      by about 18 A, and active center residues from adjoining subunits interdigitate;
      Tyr 172 interacts with His 32 of the neighboring chain and Glu 168 with the
      backbone of 168 and with the ligand His 169 from the opposite subunit. Only one
      other dimer interface occurs in the tetramer; it involves residues 55-62 and
      sequences near 140 and 156. The center of the oligomeric molecule is filled with
      solvent.

PMID- 4066717
TI  - Induction of ornithine decarboxylase by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate in
      hamster fibroblasts. Relationship between levels of enzyme activity,
      immunoreactive protein, and RNA during the induction process.
AB  - Phorbol ester tumor promoters and growth factors rapidly stimulate ornithine
      decarboxylase activity in the transformed hamster fibroblast line HE68BP. We
      report here a close correspondence between the time courses and magnitudes of
      induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity and immunoreactive ornithine
      decarboxylase protein following treatment of HE68BP cells with 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and/or refeeding with fresh medium.
      Cycloheximide addition to induced cells caused a rapid fall in the levels of both
      ornithine decarboxylase activity and ornithine decarboxylase protein. Northern
      blot analysis of RNA isolated from HE68BP cells indicated that treatment with TPA
      and fresh medium increased the amount of two species of mRNA of lengths 2.4 and
      2.1 kilobase. This increased accumulation of ornithine decarboxylase mRNA
      corresponded temporally to that observed at the protein level, with a 15-fold
      maximal induction 7 h after treatment followed by a rapid decline in hybridizable
      RNA. These data indicate that stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity by
      TPA or refeeding involves changes in levels of ornithine decarboxylase mRNA as
      well as changes in the rate of synthesis of ornithine decarboxylase protein.

PMID- 4066718
TI  - Compliance and viscoelasticity of canine shoulders loaded in vitro.
AB  - Humeral and scapular components of normal canine shoulders were used to load each
      other in a special testing jig permitting measurement of subchondral plate
      deflection on each side of the joint. In eleven shoulders, at three loading
      rates, the humeral compliance (mu deflection kg load-1) was always greater than
      that of the glenoid fossa (geometric mean ratio = 6.0). On sustained compression,
      there was prominent stress relaxation most suggestive of intraosseous hydraulic
      flow.

PMID- 4066719
TI  - Scaling segmental moments of inertia for individual subjects.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to validate methods of scaling human
      segmental moments of inertia for the transverse principal axis. Firstly, two
      methods of scaling Chandler et al.'s (Pamphlets DOT HS-801 430 and AMRL TR-74
      137, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 1975) mean subject data to estimate the
      segmental moments of inertia were used. Chandler et al.'s data were scaled using
      body mass and segment length (formula 1) or body mass and standing height
      (formula 2). These data were then compared with a procedure of using the cadaver
      whose anthropometric measurements most closely match those of the subject. The
      difference between the criterion data (Chandler's subject data) and scaled values
      were plotted on scatter diagrams with confidence limits of p less than 0.05 at
      d.f. = 17. For procedure 1, 43% of the scaled values were plotted within the
      confidence limits using formula (2) (mass and standing height), compared with 26%
      for formula (1) (mass and segment length). Formula (1) markedly underestimated
      the tallest and heaviest subjects. In procedure 2, only 16% and 21% of the scaled
      values, using formula (1) and (2), respectively, fell within the confidence
      limits. Results suggested that scaling formulae approximate the moment of inertia
      of body segments with only limited accuracy. However, if scaling was to be
      adopted then mean moment of inertia data from an appropriate data set, using the
      formula that incorporates subject mass and standing height, gave results closest
      to the criterion value.

PMID- 4066720
TI  - Experimental study of physiological pulsatile flow past valve prosthesis in a
      model of human aorta--II. Tilting disc valves and the effect of orientation.
AB  - In Part II of this two paper sequence, pulsatile flow development past a tilting
      disc valve in a model human aorta has been studied using quantitative laser
      Doppler techniques. The valve was mounted in three different orientations with
      respect to the aortic root in this study. Under pulsatile flow, the region of
      flow reversal induced near the wall of the minor flow orifice extends to more
      than one tissue annulus diameter downstream from the valve into the ascending
      aorta. In a plane perpendicular to the tilt axis, a bi-helical secondary flow is
      induced distal to the valve. This secondary flow is further compounded by the
      multiple curvatures in the aorta. Hence the valve orientation affects the
      velocity profiles as far downstream as the mid-arch region as well as in the
      brachio-cephalic arterial branch. In the mid-arch region, a flow reversal along
      the entire cross-section is observed in early diastole for all the three
      orientations of the disc valve.

PMID- 4066721
TI  - On the flow field distortions due to the aortic arch twist.
AB  - The aortic arch has, on average, an angle of twist of 15 degrees. The purpose of
      the research conducted was to ascertain if this twist angle has any effect on the
      flow field of the aortic arch and the distribution of the flow amongst the
      branches. It was found that the blood flow distribution is practically
      independent of the angle of twist of the aortic arch. However, the destination of
      a fluid particle located at a specific point in the cross-section at the entrance
      to the aortic arch does depend on the angle of twist.

PMID- 4066722
TI  - The orientation of the distal part of the quadriceps femoris muscle as a function
      of the knee flexion-extension angle.
AB  - Lateral view radiographs of ten autopsy knees were used to determine the
      orientation of the patellar ligament, patella and quadriceps tendon relative to
      tibia and femur at different flexion-extension angles (0-120 degrees) of the
      knee. The results show a linear relationship between the angle of flexion and the
      movement of the patellar ligament relative to the tibia and of the movement of
      the patella relative to tibia and femur. There is a non-linear relationship
      between angle of flexion and the movement of the quadriceps tendon relative to
      the patellar ligament, patella and femur. The angular changes between patella and
      patellar ligament are negligible. The complicated movements of the distal part of
      the quadriceps femoris muscle may significantly influence biomechanical
      parameters such as the forces acting at the patella and tibial tuberosity.

PMID- 4066723
TI  - Optical properties of esthetic restorative materials and natural dentition.
AB  - The diffuse reflectance spectra of dental ceramic and composite resin specimens
      were analyzed by the Kubelka-Munk (K-M) theory of light scattering materials.
      This enabled the prediction of the spectra and color of differing thicknesses of
      these materials on various backgrounds, which were in good agreement with
      observation. The reflectance spectra of natural enamel and dentine sections were
      also measured on white and black backgrounds. This allowed the calculation of the
      K-M scattering (S) and absorption (K) parameters, which were compared with those
      of the restorative materials. The Chroma of these tooth sections increased
      slightly with the age of the patient, but the Hue and Value showed no systematic
      variation. Comparisons of the measured Munsell color for a range of composite
      resins and ceramics with that of the natural tooth sections showed that they
      generally exhibited a similar range of colors.

PMID- 4066724
TI  - Biocompatibility test procedures for materials evaluation in vitro. II. Objective
      methods of toxicity assessment.
AB  - Methods of assessing the biocompatibility of materials for use in medical devices
      were evaluated. Ten materials were tested using quantitative, objectively graded
      in vitro biochemical and functional assays employing four cell lines (CCL 1, 74,
      76, and 131) used in previous work and five primary cell types (human
      lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and mixed leukocytes, mouse
      macrophages, and mouse embryo). The biochemical methods (DNA synthesis, protein
      synthesis, and ATP activity) demonstrated good agreement in toxicity ranking of
      the materials, regardless of which cell culture was used and, also, the cell
      cultures responded similarly for each method. Methods that measured functional
      characteristics of cells (adhesion and phagocytosis) were highly sensitive but
      had low toxicity ranking agreement and reproducibility. Assays (defined as method
      and cell culture combinations) using cell lines were more reproducible than
      assays using primary cell types. Significant differences in sensitivity were
      noted among the assay systems for particular material types. The in vitro assays
      were more sensitive to differences in material composition than was a 90-day
      assay by subcutaneous implantation in rats.

PMID- 4066725
TI  - A cartilagenous graft as an adjunct to finger joint implant arthroplasty.
AB  - A method is described which is proposed to prolong the functional life of a
      Silastic finger joint endoprosthesis which has been shown to fail because of
      abrasion and cutting by the recipient bones. Swanson design Silastic finger joint
      prostheses were implanted into the knee joints of rabbits. The technique of
      simultaneously transplanting ear cartilage to the prosthetic implant bed was
      tested for the purpose of protecting the prostheses from wear and eventual
      failure. The clinical, radiographic, gross, and histologic results of the animals
      implanted for 1, 3, and 6 months show that the cartilage graft remains viable and
      it proliferates. The cartilage provides a smooth, gliding surface with normal
      appearing joint fluid surrounding the Silastic implant. Control limbs, with no
      cartilage grafts, had thinner, fibrous tissue encapsulating the implants. The
      presence of the cartilage reduced the amount of prosthetic wear particles
      observed in the tissue sections, thus indicating a protective function. The
      rabbit model developed an osteoarthritis that was caused by the prostheses in its
      knee joints and was unaffected by our cartilage grafting procedure. The success
      of our cartilage grafts, in the presence of such an arthritis, provides the
      impetus for its clinical use in arthritic human finger joints. Further studies
      are necessary to determine the clinical feasibility of a cartilage grafting
      technique and its efficacy in reducing implant failure in human finger joints.

PMID- 4066726
TI  - Biocompatibility of Delrin 150: a creep-resistant polymer for total joint
      prostheses.
AB  - A thermoplastic polymer, Delrin 150 (polyoxymethylene homopolymer), with creep
      resistance ten times that of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene, is used as
      a material for total joint prostheses. A study was made of the local and systemic
      host response to this polymer when implanted in three different mammalian
      species. 316 LC stainless steel was used as a control. The materials were
      implanted into muscle and bone as solid cylinders. A total of 446 samples were
      implanted into 74 animals. The duration of implantation ranged from 2 weeks to 2
      years. A semi-quantitative evaluation of local tissue reaction was performed. For
      each implant, 16 histological criteria were graded for severity of host tissue
      reaction. The liver, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, and lungs from each animal were
      also studied for evidence of systemic toxicity. The polymer implants exhibited a
      mild tissue reaction with the same characteristics as the control. Local tumor
      formation, bone osteolysis, and surrounding muscle necrosis were not seen. No
      pathological changes compatible with systemic toxicity by Delrin 150 were
      observed in the study of the organs. Delrin 150 in solid form did not exhibit
      local or systemic toxicity and is therefore biocompatible by this study. Powder
      implantation studies should be performed to simulate tissue response to wear
      particles.

PMID- 4066727
TI  - The biocompatibility of a dental Ag-Pd-Cu-Au-based casting alloy and its
      structural components.
AB  - The biocompatibility of type III casting gold alloy, an Ag-Pd-Cu-Au-based dental
      casting alloy and its two main structural components, a CuPd-rich and an Ag-rich
      phase, was studied after subcutaneous implantation for 7 weeks in 20 guinea pigs.
      The Ag-Pd-Cu-Au alloy was surrounded by a capsule of immature collagen with
      fibroblasts and an increased vascular supply. The CuPd-rich component induced and
      maintained an acute inflammation with highly vascularized granulation tissue. The
      tissue reaction to the Ag-rich component and the Au-based alloy was slight. Ten
      of the guinea pigs were sensitized to PdCl2 prior to the implantation period, but
      this caused no enhanced tissue reaction, except for an increase in the number of
      mast cells around three of the alloys.

PMID- 4066729
TI  - The load carrying and fatigue properties of the stem-cement interface with smooth
      and porous coated femoral components.
AB  - Porous coated surfaces for fixation of total hip replacement are a current trend
      in clinical orthopedics. Such devices are designed to be fixed by ingrowth of
      bony tissue, although in the absence of FDA approval for biologic fixation,
      fixation with PMMA cement is recommended by the implant manufacturers. In order
      to characterize the mechanical properties of the micro-interlocked stem-cement
      interface, we tested both porous coated and smooth femoral components in cement
      mantles of consistent overall geometry. Under conditions of increasing load the
      smooth stems demonstrated stepwise irreversible subsidence into the mantle. Axial
      and circumferential strains measured in the cement containment vessels with the
      smooth stems showed that stepwise increases in tensile hoop strain occurred
      concomitantly with the stepwise incidents of stem subsidence. When subjected to
      the same loading conditions, the porous coated stems did not undergo stepwise
      incidents of subsidence, and hoop strain generation was reduced. In addition, a
      twofold increase in the failure load of the stem-cement interface was measured
      with the porous coated stems. Fatigue loading for 10(7) loading cycles did not
      result in gross failure of either the micro-interlocked or smooth interfaces.
      However, the data showed that during fatigue loading, stepwise subsidence of the
      smooth stems again occurred. The final subsidence magnitude of the smooth stem
      cement interface at 10(7) loading cycles was six times greater than the value
      associated with the porous coated stem. Thus the porous coating of femoral stems
      was shown to dramatically improve the load carrying capability and fatigue
      characteristics of the stem-cement interface.

PMID- 4066728
TI  - In vitro cytotoxicity of Ag-Pd-Cu-based casting alloys.
AB  - The cytotoxicity and its correlation to alloy composition, structure, corrosion,
      as well as galvanic coupling was studied with 12 Ag-Pd-Cu-type alloys, one
      conventional type III gold alloy and pure Ag, Cu, and Pd. The agar overlay cell
      culture technique was used. Single phase binary CuPd alloys were only slightly
      cytotoxic below a Cu content of 30 wt%. The tested multiphase alloys were all
      toxic, but no correlation between toxicity and Cu content could be observed.
      Solid solution annealing increased the cytotoxicity of a multiphase alloy.
      Exposure of a single phase alloy to an artificial saliva for 1 week prior to the
      test decreased its cytotoxicity significantly. Galvanic coupling of the alloys
      through an outer copper wire decreased their cytotoxicity.

PMID- 4066730
TI  - The interaction of blood components with PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) and LDPE
      (low-density polyethylene) in a baboon ex vivo arteriovenous shunt model.
AB  - The interaction of 111Indium-labeled platelets, and other blood components with
      the luminal surface of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and low-density polyethylene
      (LDPE) was determined using an ex vivo arteriovenous shunt in the baboon. Both
      PDMS and LDPE showed little platelet accumulation at either high (200 cc/min)
      flow rates. PDMS accumulated more platelets at low than at high flow. When the
      surfaces of PDMS and LDPE were examined under scanning electron microscopy after
      2.5 h of flow in the shunt circuit, red and white blood cells were attached.
      Platelets appeared to be confined to patchy areas covered by a fibrinlike
      network. The low platelet reactivity of LDPE and PDMS suggests their potential
      use as coatings for conventional, more platelet reactive vascular graft
      materials.

PMID- 4066731
TI  - A segmented polyurethane composite prosthetic anterior cruciate ligament in vivo
      study.
AB  - A segmented polyurethane prosthetic anterior cruciate ligament prototype has been
      developed and its in vivo integrity assessed in canine subjects. Prosthetic
      ligaments surgically implanted for 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 16 months were assessed
      clinically in living subjects, at time of autopsy, and microscopically
      postautopsy. It was found that the ligaments were adequate in strength to provide
      stability and last for periods up to 16 months. Notching of the ligaments was
      observed at two designated friction points.

PMID- 4066732
TI  - Tensile strength of suture materials.

PMID- 4066733
TI  - A new instrument to assess animal joint stiffness in vitro.

PMID- 4066734
TI  - Comment on fatigue properties of carbon- and porous-coated Ti-6Al-4V alloy.

PMID- 4066735
TI  - Assessment of transcutaneous oxygen tension in ischaemic legs by means of using
      an electric blanket and 40% O2.
AB  - This work was done to evaluate the transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2) in
      ischaemic legs introducing two variables: O2 breathed at 40% and heating with an
      electric blanket (HEB). Forty nine legs were studied and divided into three
      different groups: Normal (N) 19 legs, Intermittent Claudication (IC) 12, and Rest
      Pain (RP) 13. The transcutaneous sensor was placed on the Anterior Chest Wall
      (AChW), High thigh (HT), Anterior Tibial Compartment (ATC) and Dorsum of the Foot
      (DF). Measurements were done at each area with and without 40% O2 and with and
      without HEB. The TcPO2 readings increased significantly (P less than 0.05) in the
      three groups (N, IC, RP) at all leg levels (HT, ATC, DF) when the patient
      breathed 40% O2 with and without HEB. In the N group no significant differences
      were noted between the three leg levels whether the 40% O2 or the HEB was used or
      not (P less than 0.05). In the RP group significant differences were obtained
      when the HEB was used whether the patient was breathing ambient O2 or at 40%. On
      the contrary, when the HEB was not used, the differences between HT and ATC
      disappeared but persisted at the DF (P less than 0.05). There was a good
      correlation at the DF and at the AChW (DF/AChW) (r: 0.8012; P less than 0.001).
      From these results, we conclude that the TcPO2 is a good method of
      differentiating different degrees of leg ischemia in vascular patients.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4066736
TI  - Bilateral aorto-femoral bypass in the presence of aorto-iliac occlusive disease
      and factors determining results. Experience and long term follow up with 500
      consecutive cases.
AB  - Late results and respective determinant factors on the basis of 500 consecutive
      aortic bi-femoral bypass, are presented. Critical analysis of the outcome, in
      terms of graft patency, limb salvage and death rate, is based upon comparative
      studies by means of life table evaluation covering a follow up of slightly over
      14 years. A favorable outcome was definitely related to the extent of peripheral
      arterial involvement and associated pathology, mainly coronary artery disease and
      hypertension. Operative mortality was 3.2%. Immediate graft patency was obtained
      in a rate of 98.8%, while late patency in 5 and 10 years was found to be 87% and
      78% respectively. Amputation rate was 5.6%. Associated carotid and renal artery
      stenosis, uni and/or bilateral, were corrected surgically in a preliminary
      operative procedure in the former (9%) and concomitantly in the latter case (5%).
      Comparative late results according to associated pathology and distal arterial
      disease, together with complication rate and late mortality, are given in detail
      in the text by means of statistical data and illustrative curves.

PMID- 4066737
TI  - Abdominal aortic aneurysms. Results of surgical treatment.
AB  - One hundred and twenty-one aneurysms of the abdominal aorta were operated on
      during a ten year period (1971-1981). Elective surgery was carried out in 89
      patients (73.5%). Thirty-two patients were operated on for impending or frank
      rupture. Most of the patients treated electively had no symptoms on admission.
      The mortality of this group of patients was 6.7% (6 patients). All the patients
      treated as emergencies had acute abdominal or back pain. Six cases presented with
      shock and acute renal failure. The hospital mortality was high in this group of
      11 patients (34.3%). Nine of them were operated on because of suspected rupture
      but this was not confirmed at operation. Only one patient in this group died
      after the operation (11.1%). The hospital mortality of the 23 patients with
      ruptured aneurysms was 43.4% (10 patients). Six of them died in the operating
      room. While elective surgery carries an acceptable mortality, the emergency
      procedure involves a high risk. All the aneurysms must be resected electively in
      spite of the absence of symptoms.

PMID- 4066738
TI  - Nineteen year experience on the treatment of aneurysms of the abdominal aorta: a
      survey of 832 consecutive cases.
AB  - 832 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm were admitted to our Hospital, at the
      University of Milan, from 1965 to 1983. 238 patients were operated on as an
      emergency for rupture of the aneurysm while 541 underwent elective surgery. The
      overall postoperative mortality was 7% for the patients operated on electively
      and 54.3% for the ruptured aneurysm operated on as an emergency.

PMID- 4066739
TI  - Energy demand of cardioplegically perfused human hearts.
AB  - Human adult hearts with aortic valve disease (n = 20) and hypertrophic
      obstructive cardiomyopathy (n = 1) were perfused intraoperatively with cold
      histidine buffered Bretschneider solution. During a seven minute cardioplegic
      perfusion the temperature level, the electrolyte level, the resistance of the
      left (LCA) and right coronary artery (RCA), and myocardial O2 consumption were
      analysed. Equilibration of K+ was terminated shortly after the start of the
      perfusion while Na+ equilibration lasted for about 5 minutes. Resistance of RCA
      did not change significantly, but that of the LCA was diminished significantly (p
      less than 0.025) within the perfusion period indicating a delayed washout of
      calcium from the extracellular space. Myocardial O2 consumption was reduced from
      2.71 ml/min (1. minute) to 1.51 ml/min (4. minute) to 0.93 ml/min (7. minute)
      although the temperature had reached a low level after 3 minutes. The difference
      between 4. to 7. minutes is significant (p less than 0.001). By our results it is
      concluded that in adult hearts high-volume cardioplegic perfusion at a flow rate
      of 1 ml/min X gm at a perfusion pressure of 40 to 50 mmHg should be performed for
      at least 6 to 7 minutes to achieve a sufficient intra-ischemic myocardial
      protection.

PMID- 4066741
TI  - Surgical ligation of the patent ductus arteriosus in low birth weight pre-term
      infants. A review of 67 consecutive cases.
AB  - Between March 1978 and October 1983, sixty-seven low birth weight infants (600
      1500 gm) with gestational age of 26-33 weeks had surgical ligation of PDA in our
      unit. Thirty-six (54%) had previous failed indomethacin therapy. Congestive
      cardiac failure (61), respiratory distress syndrome (48) and failure to thrive
      (34) were the presenting features. Nine patients had severe acidosis (pH 6.8
      7.18) on admission. A trans-pleural approach was used in all. Ventilation was
      required for 1-13 days. There were no intra-operative deaths. Sixteen (24%) died
      of the problems of prematurity. The others have continued to thrive. We believe
      that ligation of PDA is a safe and effective procedure in the low birth weight
      premature infant, but should only be undertaken in a well set up paediatric
      cardiac surgical unit.

PMID- 4066740
TI  - Reoperation after initial correction of tetralogy of Fallot.
AB  - Ten of 357 patients (2.8%) who had total correction of tetralogy of Fallot in our
      institute between 1955 and 1983 required intracardiac reoperation. The indication
      for reoperation included residual lesions alone or in combination with other
      lesions. The reoperation consisted of a new patch closure of a residual
      ventricular septal defect in nine, reconstruction of a residual right ventricular
      outflow tract obstruction in five, repair of a left ventricle-right atrium
      communication in two, repair of tricuspid insufficiency in two and closure of an
      atrial septal defect in one. None of these ten patients had died at early or late
      follow-up periods (mean 5.3 years) or required further reoperation. A patient who
      has one or two of the following criteria, which are surgically correctable, and
      who would face deterioration in symptomatic status without surgical intervention
      is a candidate for reoperation: (1) Qp/Qs greater than 1.5, (2) Systolic pressure
      gradient between RV and PA greater than 50 mmHg, (3) Mean RA pressure greater
      than 20 mmHg, (4) CTR greater than 65%, (5) NYHA class III or IV.

PMID- 4066742
TI  - The incidence and management of coronary ostial stenosis.
AB  - Coronary ostial stenosis in the absence of more peripheral coronary artery
      disease was present in four patients (0.093%) of 4298 angiograms performed on
      patients with coronary artery disease. Case reports of four patients undergoing
      coronary artery bypass graft surgery for isolated coronary ostial stenosis are
      presented and surgical techniques discussed. Three patients were young females
      (mean age 31 years). It is suggested that coronary ostial stenosis is a rare
      variant of coronary artery disease, more common in young women.

PMID- 4066743
TI  - Early total repair of tetralogy of Fallot associated with complete
      atrioventricular canal.
AB  - An 11-month-old female with Down's syndrome underwent successful primary total
      repair of tetralogy of Fallot associated with complete atrioventricular canal.
      She is the youngest reported survivor of total repair and supports the
      feasibility of early correction, rather than palliation, in this rare combination
      of congenital defects.

PMID- 4066744
TI  - Seven years survival after a conservatively treated leaking aneurysm of the
      abdominal aorta.
AB  - The case history is presented of a seventy-year-old male with a leaking abdominal
      aortic aneurysm which at laparotomy, in 1977, was not thought to be resectable.
      No reconstruction was performed. Despite multiple periods of abdominal pain the
      patient is still alive and well over seven years after the first leakage of the
      aneurysm.

PMID- 4066745
TI  - Acute thrombosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm. An uncommon entity.
AB  - Acute thrombosis of an abdominal aneurysm is a catastrophic complication which is
      little known. It presents as a sudden event, characteristically with lower
      abdominal pain, signs of profound lower extremity ischemia and pronounced
      bilateral lower extremity neuromuscular dysfunction. While the mechanism of
      thrombosis is not understood and is unpredictable, it is certain that the
      condition is rapidly fatal if uncorrected. The mortality of acute thrombosis is
      very high, similar to rupture, which is the most common complication of an
      abdominal aortic aneurysm. Diagnosis is not difficult, and must be followed by
      prompt surgical restoration of circulation of the lower half of the body, if
      death is to be prevented. This can be accomplished by aneurysm resection and
      graft replacement. Retrograde transfemoral thromboembolectomy should not be done.
      This report describes two successfully operated cases which dramatize the
      symptomatology of the condition and show the gratifying results of immediate
      surgical intervention. Only 30 cases (15 fatal) have been reported in the
      literature.

PMID- 4066746
TI  - Unusual presentation of inferior thyroid artery aneurysm.
AB  - A rare case is reported of an aneurysm of the inferior thyroid artery with
      hoarseness as the only presenting symptom. The aneurysm was excised. Six years
      after the operation the patient is well and free of symptoms.

PMID- 4066747
TI  - Large saccular aneurysm and A-V fistula of the brachial vessels.
AB  - This paper reports a 39-year-old patient who developed an unusually large
      saccular false aneurysm and A-V fistula of the brachial vessels following a
      neglected penetrating wound. Rapid enlargement to 15 cm appeared after one year
      and the aneurysm was then stable for the six months prior to operative repair.
      The aneurysm was excised and lateral closure of the vessels restored continuity
      with uneventful recovery.

PMID- 4066748
TI  - Synchronous exocytosis in Paramecium cells involves very rapid (less than or
      equal to 1 s), reversible dephosphorylation of a 65-kD phosphoprotein in
      exocytosis-competent strains.
AB  - Synchronous exocytosis in Paramecium cells involves the rapid (less than or equal
      to 1 s) dephosphorylation of a 65-kD phosphoprotein, which, after a lag phase of
      approximately 5 s, is reversed within approximately 20 s. Exocytosis inhibitors
      suppress this reaction; stimulatory and inhibitory effects are dose dependent.
      The dephosphorylation of the 65-kD phosphoprotein occurs only in exocytosis
      competent strains, but not in mutant strains that cannot carry out membrane
      fusion, or that are devoid of secretory organelles or cannot transport them to
      the cell membrane. Since under all conditions analyzed the transient
      dephosphorylation of the 65-kD phosphoprotein strictly parallels the actual
      amount of exocytosed organelles, this process might be involved in exocytosis
      performance, perhaps in its initiation.

PMID- 4066749
TI  - Clathrin structure characterized with monoclonal antibodies. II. Identification
      of in vivo forms of clathrin.
AB  - Clathrin was isolated from detergent-solubilized, biosynthetically radiolabeled
      cells by immunoprecipitation with anti-clathrin monoclonal antibodies.
      Immunoprecipitates obtained after pulse-chase labeling demonstrated that after
      biosynthesis the LCa light chain of clathrin could be found either complexed to
      heavy chain or in a free pool (not associated with heavy chain) which decreased
      steadily over time. More than half of the free LCa disappeared within the first
      hour after biosynthesis, but some was still detectable after several hours.
      Incorporation of clathrin LCa light chain and heavy chain into coated vesicles
      was coordinate and increased up to 4 h after biosynthesis. Comparison of these
      kinetics suggested that once incorporated into coated vesicles, LCa and heavy
      chain did not dissociate, even during depolymerization of the vesicle. There was
      also little apparent degradation of clathrin found in coated vesicles for up to
      22 h after biosynthesis. Immunoprecipitation with anti-clathrin monoclonal
      antibodies was carried out after fractionation of continuously radiolabeled cell
      lysates using two different sizing columns. These experiments indicated that the
      triskelion form of clathrin that has been isolated from coated vesicles in vitro
      also exists in vivo. They also confirmed the existence of a transient but
      detectable pool of newly synthesized free LCa light chain.

PMID- 4066750
TI  - Transit of alpha-mannosidase during its maturation in Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - We proposed that Dictyostelium discoideum contains two linked pools of mature
      alpha-mannosidase (Wood, L., R. N. Pannell, and A. Kaplan, 1983, J. Biol. Chem.,
      258:9426-9430). To obtain physical evidence for these pools, cells were pulse
      labeled with [35S]methionine, homogenized, and subjected to Percoll gradient
      centrifugation. After immune precipitation of alpha-mannosidase, its polypeptides
      were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      detected by fluorography. After a 30-min pulse with [35S]methionine, the
      precursor and small amounts of cleaved enzyme were detected in a low density
      fraction (1.04 g/ml). Subsequently, cleaved enzyme was transferred to higher
      density fractions (1.05 and 1.07 g/ml) that were enriched in lysosomal enzymes.
      The half time for formation of the 1.07 g/ml pool was approximately 45 min,
      whereas formation of the 1.05 g/ml pool was not detected until 1.5 h after the
      pulse. The transfer of mature forms out of the 1.04 g/ml pool was inhibited by
      monensin (3.5 microM). Thus, alpha-mannosidase precursor appears to be cleaved in
      a prelysosomal organelle. The data also indicate that starving cells secrete
      precursor directly from this organelle to the extracellular space, whereas
      cleaved forms are first transferred into lysosomes before they are secreted.
      Furthermore, 2 h after starvation, the secretion of mature forms ceases even
      though both transit of mature forms between the two pools and secretion of
      precursor continues. From this we inferred that the cessation of secretion of
      mature forms is due to a halt in fusion of lysosomes with the plasma membrane and
      that precursor follows a different route to the plasma membrane.

PMID- 4066751
TI  - Alpha-tubulin acetylase activity in isolated Chlamydomonas flagella.
AB  - We have previously shown that the alpha-tubulin of Chlamydomonas flagella is
      synthesized as a precursor which is modified by acetylation in the flagellum
      during flagellar assembly. In this report, we show the presence of an alpha
      tubulin acetylase activity in isolated Chlamydomonas flagella that is highly
      specific for alpha-tubulin of both mammalian brain and Chlamydomonas.

PMID- 4066752
TI  - Transcellular transport of polymeric IgA in the rat hepatocyte: biochemical and
      morphological characterization of the transport pathway.
AB  - Polymeric IgA (pIgA) is transported by liver parenchymal cells (hepatocytes) from
      blood to bile via a receptor-mediated process. We have studied the intracellular
      pathway taken by a TEPC15 mouse myeloma pIgA. When from 1 microgram to 1 mg 125I
      pIgA was injected into the saphenous vein of a rat, 36% was transported as intact
      protein into the bile over a 3-h period. The concentration of transported 125I
      pIgA was maximal in bile 30-60 min after injection, and approximately 80% of the
      total 125I-pIgA ultimately transported had been secreted into bile by 90 min. A
      horseradish peroxidase-pIgA conjugate (125I-pIgA-HRP) was transported to a
      similar extent and with kinetics similar to that of unconjugated 125I-pIgA and
      was therefore used to visualize the transport pathway. Peroxidase cytochemistry
      of livers fixed in situ 2.5 to 10 min after 125I-pIgA-HRP injection demonstrated
      a progressive redistribution of labeled structures from the sinusoidal area to
      intermediate and bile canalicular regions of the hepatocyte cytoplasm. Although
      conjugate-containing structures began accumulating in the bile canalicular region
      at these early times, no conjugate was present in bile until 20 min. From 7.5 to
      45 min after injection approximately 30% of the labeled structures were in
      regions that contained Golgi complexes and lysosomes; however, we found no
      evidence that either organelle contained 125I-pIgA-HRP. At least 85% of all
      positive structures in the hepatocyte were vesicles of 110-160-nm median
      diameters, with the remaining structures accounted for by tubules and
      multivesicular bodies. Vesicles in the bile canalicular region tended to be
      larger than those in the sinusoidal region. Serial sectioning showed that the
      125I-pIgA-HRP-containing structures were relatively simple (predominantly
      vesicular) and that extensive interconnections did not exist between structures
      in the sinusoidal and bile canalicular regions.

PMID- 4066753
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies as probes of epithelial membrane polarization.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies directed against antigens in the apical plasma membrane of
      the toad kidney epithelial cell line A6 were produced to probe the phenomena that
      underlie the genesis and maintenance of epithelial polarity. Two of these
      antibodies, 17D7 and 18C3, were selected for detailed study here. 17D7 is
      directed against a 23-kD peptide found on both the apical and basolateral
      surfaces of the A6 epithelium whereas 18C3 recognizes a lipid localized to the
      apical membrane only. This novel observation of an apically localized epithelial
      lipid species indicates the existence of a specific sorting and insertion process
      for this, and perhaps other, epithelial plasma membrane lipids. The antibody
      antigen complexes formed by both these monoclonal antibodies are rapidly
      internalized by the A6 cells, but only the 18C3-antigen complex is recycled to
      the plasma membrane. In contrast to the apical localization of the free antigen,
      however, the 18C3-antigen complex is recycled to both the apical and basolateral
      surface of the epithelium, which indicates that monoclonal antibody binding
      interferes in some way with the normal sorting process for this apical lipid
      antigen.

PMID- 4066754
TI  - Control of myogenic differentiation by fibroblast growth factor is mediated by
      position in the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
AB  - We have used the expression of the muscle form of creatine phosphokinase (M-CPK)
      to assay myogenic differentiation in the cloned muscle cell line BC3Hl. BC3Hl
      cells express M-CPK when arrested in the G0 portion of the cell cycle. Addition
      of the anionic form of brain fibroblast growth factor (B-FGF) rapidly represses
      synthesis of M-CPK with a half-time of 7 h. Even though B-FGF is not mitogenic
      for the cells, it causes quiescent BC3Hl cells to exit from the G0 portion of the
      cell cycle, and to accumulate at a new restriction point approximately 4 to 6 h
      in the G1 portion of the cell cycle. The repression of M-CPK synthesis by B-FGF
      is reversible upon removal of B-FGF, and cells which have re-initiated expression
      of M-CPK have also returned to the G0 portion of the cell cycle. The primary
      control of M-CPK expression by B-FGF appears to be at the level of gene
      transcription. We conclude that arrest of cells at G0 but not at other positions
      in the G1 phase of the cell cycle provides permissive conditions for the
      expression of muscle-specific proteins, and that defined polypeptide growth
      factors, in this case B-FGF, are important in the control of the expression of
      muscle-specific proteins.

PMID- 4066755
TI  - Exchangeability of alpha-actinin in living cardiac fibroblasts and muscle cells.
AB  - We have investigated the exchangeability of alpha-actinin in various structures
      of cultured chick cardiac fibroblasts and muscle cells using fluorescent analogue
      cytochemistry in combination with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching.
      Living cells were microinjected with tetramethylrhodamine-labeled alpha-actinin,
      which became localized in cellular structures. Small areas of labeled structures
      were then photobleached with a laser pulse, and the subsequent recovery of
      fluorescence was monitored with an image intensifier coupled to an image
      processing system. In fibroblasts, fluorescence recovery was studied in stress
      fibers and in adhesion plaques. Bleached spots in adhesion plaques generally
      attained complete recovery within 20 min; whereas complete recovery in stress
      fibers occurred within 30 to 60 min. In muscle cells, alpha-actinin became
      localized in the Z-lines of sarcomeres, in punctate structures, and in apparently
      continuous bundle-like structures. Fluorescence recovery in Z-lines, punctate
      structures, and some bundle-like structures was extremely slow. Complete recovery
      did not occur within the 6- to 7-h observation period. However, some bundle-like
      structures recovered completely within 60 min, a rate similar to that of stress
      fibers in fibroblasts. These results indicate that fluorescently labeled alpha
      actinin is more stably associated with structures in muscle cells than in
      fibroblasts. In addition, different structures within the same cell can display
      different alpha-actinin exchangeabilities which, in muscle cells, could be
      developmentally related.

PMID- 4066756
TI  - Endothelial plasmalemmal vesicles have a characteristic striped bipolar surface
      structure.
AB  - Capillary endothelial cells have a large population of small (65-80 nm diameter
      in transmission electron microscopy) vesicles of which a large fraction is
      associated with the plasmalemma of the luminal and abluminal side. We studied the
      fine structure and distribution of these plasmalemmal vesicles by high resolution
      scanning electron microscopy in cultured endothelial cells obtained from bovine
      adrenal cortical capillaries. Cell monolayers were covered with polylysine-coated
      silicon chips, split in high potassium buffer, fixed in aldehyde mixtures, and
      then treated with OsO4 and thiocarbohydrazide. After critical point drying, the
      specimens were coated with a thin (less than 2 nm) continuous film of chromium.
      On the cytoplasmic aspect of the dorsal plasmalemmal fragments seen in such
      specimens, plasmalemmal vesicles appear as uniform vesicular protrusions
      approximately 70-90 nm in diameter, preferentially concentrated in distinct large
      fields in which they occur primarily as single units. Individual plasmalemmal
      vesicles exhibit a striped surface fine structure which consists of ridges
      approximately 10 nm in diameter, separated by furrows and oriented as meridians,
      often ending at two poles on opposite sides of the vesicles in a plane parallel
      to the plasmalemma. This striped surface structure is clearly distinct from the
      cage structure of coated pits found, at low surface density, on the same
      specimens. The cytoplasmic aspect of the plasmalemma proper is covered by a
      fibrillar infrastructure which does not extend over plasmalemmal vesicles but on
      which the latter appear to be anchored by fine filaments.

PMID- 4066757
TI  - A role for the migrating sperm surface antigen PH-20 in guinea pig sperm binding
      to the egg zona pellucida.
AB  - After the acrosome reaction, the PH-20 surface antigen of guinea pig sperm
      migrates from its original location on the posterior head surface to a new
      location on the inner acrosomal membrane (Myles, D.G., and P. Primakoff, 1984, J.
      Cell Biol., 99:1634-1641). We have isolated three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) of
      the IgG1 subclass, PH-20, PH-21, and PH-22, that bind to the PH-20 antigen. The
      PH-20 MAb strongly inhibited (approximately 90%) sperm binding to the guinea pig
      egg zona pellucida at saturating antibody concentrations (greater than 20
      micrograms/ml). Half-maximal inhibition of sperm binding to the zona was obtained
      with approximately 2 micrograms/ml PH-20 MAb. The PH-21 MAb at saturating
      concentration (50 micrograms/ml) partially inhibited (approximately 45%) sperm
      zona binding, and the PH-22 MAb (50 micrograms/ml) did not inhibit (0%) sperm
      zona binding. Essentially the same amounts of the three MAbs were bound to sperm
      under the conditions where inhibition (PH-20, PH-21) or no inhibition (PH-22) of
      sperm-zona binding was observed, which indicates that the different levels of
      inhibition did not arise from different levels of MAb binding. Competition
      binding assays with 125I-labeled MAbs showed that PH-21 binding to sperm was not
      affected by the binding of PH-20 or PH-22. However, that PH-20 and PH-22 blocked
      each other's binding to sperm suggests that their recognized determinants may be
      relatively close to one another. The results indicate that the migrating PH-20
      antigen has a required function in sperm binding to the zona pellucida and that
      the PH-20 MAb affects is active site.

PMID- 4066758
TI  - Mechanism of benzo(a)pyrene induction of alpha-human chorionic gonadotropin gene
      expression in human lung tumor cells.
AB  - Human lung cells (ChaGo) derived from a bronchogenic carcinoma synthesize and
      secrete in the culture medium the alpha subunit of the glycoprotein hormone,
      human chorionic gonadotropin (alpha-hCG). The synthesis of alpha-hCG by ChaGo
      cells could be further stimulated by treatment with sublethal concentrations of
      the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), or
      dimethylbenzanthracene. The production of alpha-hCG could be correlated to the
      levels of alpha-hCG-specific mRNA sequences in control and PAH-treated cells.
      Further analysis of the RNA species (Northern blot) revealed that the level of
      the mature (approximately 1.0 kb) and the high molecular weight alpha-hCG
      specific nuclear RNA sequences (approximately 2.2 and 5 kb) were all greater in
      PAH-treated cells. Addition of [3H]BaP (0.25 microgram/ml) in the culture medium
      of ChaGo cells led to immediate uptake of the radioactive compound apparently by
      simple diffusion. SDS PAGE and subsequent fluorography revealed that the
      radioactive compound interacted and formed covalent complexes with cytoplasmic
      and nuclear proteins. This covalent interaction of the [3H]BaP molecule with
      cellular proteins could be significantly inhibited by either inhibiting the
      activity of the enzyme aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase with 7,8-benzoflavone or by
      reducing the cellular concentration of the enzyme by simultaneous incubation with
      cycloheximide. These results suggested that in ChaGo cells, the observed covalent
      complexes were formed by the interaction of the BaP metabolites with cellular
      proteins. The concentrations at which 7,8-benzoflavone or cycloheximide inhibited
      formation of metabolites from [3H]BaP and their covalent interaction with cell
      protein did not affect the BaP-induced stimulation of alpha-hCG gene expression.
      However, the cytotoxic effects of BaP in ChaGo cells seemed to be exerted by the
      metabolism of the compounds. Results presented in this report suggest that BaP
      metabolism and the interaction of the metabolites with cell proteins were not
      essential for the BaP-induced modulation of alpha-hCG gene expression.

PMID- 4066759
TI  - Biosynthesis of the neural cell adhesion molecule: characterization of
      polypeptide C.
AB  - The biosynthesis of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) was studied in
      primary cultures of rat cerebral glial cells, cerebellar granule neurons, and
      skeletal muscle cells. The three cell types produced different N-CAM polypeptide
      patterns. Glial cells synthesized a 135,000 Mr polypeptide B and a 115,000 Mr
      polypeptide C, whereas neurons expressed a 200,000 Mr polypeptide A as well as
      polypeptide B. Skeletal muscle cells produced polypeptide B. The polypeptides
      synthesized by the three cell types were immunochemically identical. The membrane
      association of polypeptide C was investigated with methods that distinguish
      peripheral and integral membrane proteins. Polypeptide C was found to be a
      peripheral membrane protein, whereas polypeptides A and B were integral membrane
      proteins with cytoplasmic domains of approximately 50,000 and approximately
      25,000 Mr, respectively. The affinity of the membrane binding of polypeptide C
      increased during postnatal development. The posttranslational modifications of
      polypeptide C were investigated in glial cell cultures, and it was found to be N
      linked glycosylated and sulfated.

PMID- 4066760
TI  - Phorbol esters and gene expression: the role of rapid changes in K+ transport in
      the induction of ornithine decarboxylase by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
      in BALB/c 3T3 cells and a mutant cell line defective in Na+K+Cl- cotransport.
AB  - A BALB/c 3T3 preadipose cell line defective in Na+K+Cl- cotransport (3T3-E12a
      cells) has been used to study the relationship between phorbol ester-induced
      rapid changes in cation fluxes and changes in expression of a gene known to be
      modulated by this agent. In contrast to its effect on parental 3T3 cells, 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) did not inhibit either furosemide-sensitive
      86Rb+ influx or the rate of 86Rb+ efflux from preloaded mutant cells. TPA-induced
      changes in intracellular K+ content were diminished in 3T3-E12a cells as compared
      with parental cells. Thus, mutation of the Na+K+Cl- cotransport system renders
      overall potassium transport in mutant cells largely insensitive to modulation by
      TPA. The morphological and functional responses of 3T3 and 3T3-E12a cells to TPA
      were also compared. In contrast to the extensive and long-lasting changes in
      morphology of 3T3 cells after 0.16 microM TPA addition, only slight and shorter
      lived morphological effects of TPA were observed in 3T3-E12a cells. The transport
      properties of mutant cells were not totally unresponsive to TPA since hexose
      transport (2-deoxyglucose uptake) could be stimulated in both cell types. To
      establish a possible link between early changes in cation fluxes and activation
      of gene expression by TPA, the induction of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase
      (ODC) was studied in detail. Addition of fresh medium containing serum or
      exposure to hypoosmotic conditions resulted in the induction of ODC in both 3T3
      and 3T3-E12a cells. However, TPA failed to cause an increase in ODC activity in
      mutant cells, although a substantial induction of the enzyme was seen in parental
      cells. These results suggest that rapid changes in ion fluxes mediated by the
      Na+K+Cl- cotransport system are necessary for at least one of the phorbol ester
      induced changes in gene expression in responsive cells.

PMID- 4066761
TI  - Unidirectional sliding of myosin filaments along the bundle of F-actin filaments
      spontaneously formed during superprecipitation.
AB  - I reported previously (Higashi-Fujime, S., 1982, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant.
      Biol., 46:69-75) that active movements of fibrils composed of F-actin and myosin
      filaments occurred after superprecipitation in the presence of ATP at low ionic
      strengths. When the concentration of MgCl2 in the medium used in the above
      experiment was raised to 20-26 mM, bundles of F-actin filaments, in addition to
      large precipitates, were formed spontaneously both during and after
      superprecipitation. Along these bundles, many myosin filaments were observed to
      slide unidirectionally and successively through the bundle, from one end to the
      other. The sliding of myosin filaments continued for approximately 1 h at room
      temperature at a mean rate of 6.0 micron/s, as long as ATP remained in the
      medium. By electron microscopy, it was found that most F-actin filaments
      decorated with heavy meromyosin pointed to the same direction in the bundle.
      Myosin filaments moved actively not only along the F-actin bundle but also in the
      medium. Such movement probably occurred along F-actin filaments that did not form
      the bundle but were dispersed in the medium, although dispersed F-actin filaments
      were not visible under the microscope. In this case, myosin filament could have
      moved in a reverse direction, changing from one F-actin filament to the other.
      These results suggested that the direction of movement of myosin filament, which
      has a bipolar structure and the potentiality to move in both directions, was
      determined by the polarity of F-actin filament in action.

PMID- 4066762
TI  - Cell surface tubulin in leukemic cells: molecular structure, surface binding,
      turnover, cell cycle expression, and origin.
AB  - We report here new characteristics of cell surface tubulin from a human leukemia
      cell line. These cells (CEM cells) possess tubulin that is readily iodinated on
      the surface of living cells, turns over at a rate identical to that of other
      surface proteins, and is present throughout the cell cycle. When removed with
      trypsin, it rapidly returns to the surface. Peptide mapping of iodinated surface
      tubulin indicates that it possesses a similar, but not identical, primary
      structure to total CEM and rat brain tubulin. Living CEM cells are able to bind
      specifically a subfraction of CEM tubulin from metabolically labeled high speed
      supernatants of lysed CEM cells. Surface tubulin is more basic than the total
      tubulin pool. The binding, which is saturable, is inhibited by unlabeled CEM high
      speed supernatants but not by excess thrice-cycled rat or bovine brain tubulin.
      Surface tubulin is also shown to bind to living nontransformed normal rat kidney
      cells but not to normal, circulating, mononuclear white cells. Activated
      lymphocytes produce a tubulin that binds to CEM cells. Since CEM tubulin was
      detected in the media of 6-h cultures of CEM cells, we must conclude that at
      least some of the surface tubulin comes from the media. We further conclude that
      these leukemic cells produce an unusual tubulin that may bind specifically to any
      membrane. The presence of iodinatable surface tubulin, however, appears to
      require both the production of a unique tubulin and the presence of a "receptor
      like" surface binding component.

PMID- 4066763
TI  - Exocytosis of sea urchin egg cortical vesicles in vitro is retarded by
      hyperosmotic sucrose: kinetics of fusion monitored by quantitative light
      scattering microscopy.
AB  - We have used the isolated planar cortex of sea urchin eggs to examine the role of
      osmotic forces in exocytosis by morphological and physiological methods. Electron
      micrographs of rotary-shadowed replicas show an en face view of exocytosis and
      demonstrate fusion of cortical vesicles to the underlying oolemma upon addition
      of calcium. Freeze-fracture replicas of rapidly frozen cortices reveal
      specialized attachment sites between cortical vesicles and the oolemma, and
      between the cortical vesicles themselves. We describe a novel light scattering
      assay for the kinetics of fusion which allows rapid changes of solutions and
      monitors exocytosis in real time. The rate and extent of fusion are found to be
      calcium dependent. The removal of calcium halts exocytosis. The validation of
      exocytosis in this system and development of tools for kinetic analysis allowed
      us to test predictions of the osmotic hypothesis of exocytosis: hyperosmotic
      media should inhibit exocytosis; calcium should cause vesicular swelling.
      Cortical vesicles were found to be permeant to sucrose, glucose, and urea. In
      media made hyperosmotic with 1.7 M sucrose, cortical vesicles were seen to
      shrink. Addition of calcium in hyperosmotic media led to a 10-fold decrease in
      the rate of exocytosis compared with the isotonic rate. The rate, while triggered
      by calcium, was no longer calcium-dependent. This slowing of exocytosis allowed
      us to photograph the swelling of cortical vesicles caused by calcium. Removal of
      calcium had no effect on subsequent exocytosis. Return of cortices to isotonic
      medium without calcium led to immediate exocytosis. These results are consistent
      with the idea that swelling of cortical vesicles is required for fusion of
      biological membranes.

PMID- 4066764
TI  - Peptides released by ameboid microglia regulate astroglial proliferation.
AB  - Peptides that stimulate astroglial proliferation are produced in traumatized
      adult rat brain by 10 d after injury. These same peptides are released by ameboid
      microglia activated in vitro. Our findings suggest that astroglial scarring is
      regulated in part by the release of factors from ameboid microglia near the site
      of brain injury.

PMID- 4066765
TI  - A stochastic model for mast cell proliferation in culture.
AB  - A birth-death model was developed for the proliferation of mast cells. According
      to the model, each secondary mast cell colony starts with one proliferative cell.
      At each generation each cell chooses among three possibilities: 1) division into
      two proliferative cells; 2) division into two non-proliferative cells; or 3)
      disappearance. At each step, a non-proliferative cell either does nothing or
      disappears. A computer simulation of this model could be fitted reasonably well
      to our data for the size distributions of secondary mast cell colonies recorded
      after different culture periods. Our model predicts that proliferative cells
      comprise a larger fraction of the colony in large secondary colonies than in
      small ones. This prediction was successfully tested by examination of tertiary
      colony formation. This is a general model for cell proliferation that may be
      applicable to other types of cells.

PMID- 4066766
TI  - Alterations in superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and peroxides in the plasmodial
      slime mold Physarum polycephalum during differentiation.
AB  - Changes in the level of antioxidant defenses and the concentration of free
      radical by-products were examined in differentiating (M3cVII and LU897 X LU863),
      non-differentiating (LU887 X LU897), and heterokaryon microplasmodia of the slime
      mold Physarum polycephalum during spherulation in salts-only medium. As
      differentiation proceeded, superoxide dismutase activity increased by as much as
      46 fold; glutathione concentration and the rate of oxygen consumption decreased;
      cyanide-resistant respiration, hydrogen peroxide, and organic peroxide
      concentrations increased. The non-differentiating culture failed to exhibit any
      of these changes. A heterokaryon obtained by the fusion of differentiating and
      non-differentiating strains was observed to differentiate at a very retarded rate
      and to exhibit the changes observed in the spherulating strains at a
      correspondingly slower rate. These observations suggest that a free radical
      mechanism may be involved in the differentiation of Physarum microplasmodia into
      spherules.

PMID- 4066767
TI  - The role of gangliosides in the interaction of a growth inhibitor with mouse LM
      cells.
AB  - We have isolated and characterized glycopeptides, derived from mouse and bovine
      cerebral cortex cells, that inhibit protein synthesis and cell growth of normal
      but not transformed cells. The inhibitor binds to target cell surfaces, and
      gangliosides have previously been shown to influence cell sensitivity to the
      glycopeptides. Preincubation with 3.0 micrograms/ml ganglioside GM1 at 0 degrees
      C for 3 hr sensitized the mouse L-cell line to the inhibitor, as determined by
      protein synthesis assays. Preincubation of LM cells with ganglioside GM1 alone
      did not affect protein synthesis rates. In addition, the gangliosides GD1a and
      GM3 also sensitized the LM cells to the protein synthesis inhibitory effect of
      the glycopeptide inhibitor. Binding experiments were performed with 3T3
      (sensitive) and LM (insensitive) cells to determine if sensitivity to the
      glycopeptide inhibitor was reflected in binding of the inhibitor to these cells.
      Binding of 125I-labeled inhibitor to 3T3 cells was maximal after 60 min at 0
      degrees C and saturable at approximately 1 X 10(4) molecules/cell. Furthermore,
      binding of the inhibitor was dose-dependent, with half-maximal binding at 1.5-2.0
      nM and saturation at 8.0-10.0 nM. Scatchard plot analysis indicated that the Kd
      was about 1 X 10(-9) M and that there are 1 X 10(4) receptors/cell. Binding of
      the inhibitor to LM cells was maximal after 30 min at 0 degrees C and saturation
      occurred at 5 X 10(3) molecules/cell. We then examined the possibility that
      gangliosides are the cellular receptor or co-receptor for the glycopeptide
      inhibitor. Binding of the inhibitor to ganglioside GM1 was first examined after
      the ganglioside had been preadsorbed to polystyrene tubes. These experiments
      indicated that the ganglioside did not bind the inhibitor. Ganglioside-containing
      liposomes from phosphatidylcholine or LM cell membrane components were also
      prepared; these artificial membranes did not bind appreciable amounts of the
      iodinated inhibitor. Competition experiments showed that the gangliosides GM1 and
      GD1a did not neutralize the protein synthesis inhibitory activity of the
      glycopeptides, indicating that gangliosides do not directly interact with the
      glycopeptide inhibitor. In addition, binding of the inhibitor to LM cells
      preincubated with ganglioside GM1 was studied. Although the binding of the
      inhibitor to LM cells was one-half that observed for 3T3 cells, incorporation of
      exogenous gangliosides into LM cells did not result in increased binding of the
      inhibitor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4066768
TI  - Density-dependent arrest of DNA replication is accompanied by decreased levels of
      c-myc mRNA in myogenic but not in differentiation-defective myoblasts.
AB  - Myoblasts from primary rat cultures and established mouse (Cl10) and rat (L6, Ama
      420) cell lines were examined for c-oncogene expression during exponential growth
      and under conditions which allowed myogenic differentiation. The abundance of c
      Ki-ras transcripts in mRNA from confluent, quiescent cultures was reduced to 15
      40% of that in mRNA from exponentially growing cells. This reduction was found
      both in primary myoblast cultures, myoblast lines that formed myotubes (L6 and
      Cl10) and in a differentiation defective subline (Ama 420). The level of c-myc
      transcripts was lowered when myogenic rat L6 myoblasts reached a high cell
      density, stopped DNA synthesis and formed myotubes. At the same cell density,
      growth arrested myoblasts of differentiation defective Ama 420 cells maintained a
      high level of c-myc expression. This shows that DNA replication and c-myc
      expression are independently regulated. All myoblast lines also showed expression
      of c-abl during exponential growth phase. Reduced expression was seen in
      differentiated L6 and Cl10 cultures. No expression was detected when mRNA from
      multiplying and differentiating myoblasts cultures were probed for c-myb, c-erbA,
      c-erbB, c-mos, c-fes, and c-src. The observations are consistent with a role for
      c-Ki-ras in myoblast proliferation and suggest that a reduction in c-myc
      expression may be a necessary prerequisite for terminal myogenic differentiation.

PMID- 4066769
TI  - Effect of age and dietary restriction on protein synthesis by isolated kidney
      cells.
AB  - The influence of age and food restriction on kidney protein synthesis was studied
      in Fischer F344 rats. The rate of total protein synthesis by suspensions of
      kidney cells declined 60% between 4 and 31 months of age. The rate of protein
      synthesis by kidney cells isolated from 19-month old rats fed a restricted diet
      (60% of diet consumed by rats fed ad libitum) was 45% higher than the rate of
      protein synthesis by kidney cells isolated from 19-month old rats fed ad libitum.
      The excretion of protein in the urine was measured to assess the effect of the
      age related decline in protein synthesis on kidney function. A dramatic increase
      in proteinuria was observed with increasing age, and rats fed the restricted diet
      excreted significantly less protein in the urine than rats fed ad libitum.

PMID- 4066770
TI  - Growth kinetics as a function of ploidy in diploid, tetraploid, and octaploid
      smooth muscle cells derived from the normal rat aorta.
AB  - The smooth muscle cell population in major arteries of humans and experimental
      animals is heterogeneous with regard to cellular DNA content. A proportion of
      cells has polyploid DNA content and this proportion increases with normal aging
      and with hypertension. We have isolated pure populations of rat aortic smooth
      muscle cells containing 2C, 4C, and 8C DNA content by cloning of cultures of
      cells previously subjected to flow cytometric cell sorting. Karyologic analysis
      of these clonal populations revealed them to be pure diploid, tetraploid, and
      octaploid populations, respectively, containing 2N (= 42), 4N, and 8N
      chromosomes. Cell attachment area and nuclear size appeared to increase with the
      level of ploidy. Studies of the proliferative characteristics of the cells
      revealed that the growth rate and ultimate cell densities achieved decreased as
      the ploidy level increased. The intrinsic cellular radiosensitivity of these
      clones did not vary with ploidy. Increased smooth muscle cell ploidy is,
      therefore, associated with a decreased rate of proliferation. The emergence of
      smooth muscle cells with polyploid DNA content under normal and pathologic
      conditions is probably due to mitotic polyploidization without net cell
      proliferation and may be related to the need for expression of differentiated
      functions.

PMID- 4066771
TI  - Cell cycle traverse and protein metabolism in human NHIK 3025 cells: the role of
      anchorage.
AB  - We have studied the effect of cell anchorage on the human cell line NHIK 3025 in
      vitro, to see whether the growth regulating effect of cell anchorage primarily
      affected DNA division cycle or mass growth cycle. It was found that cell to cell
      anchorage had the same effect on cell cycle progression as anchorage to a solid
      surface, which indicates that it is anchorage per se and not cell shape that is
      important for growth control in NHIK 3025 cells. When NHIK 3025 cells were grown
      without attachment to a solid surface, both G1 and cell cycle duration was
      prolonged by 6 h, which means that the prolonged cell cycle was due to a
      prolonged G1. During the first part of the cell cycle the rate of protein
      synthesis and degradation was constant, and at the same level in cells grown with
      and without attachment. This means that the prolonged G1 was not due to a reduced
      protein accumulation or mass growth. Towards the end of the cell cycle protein
      accumulation was reduced. This effect was either due to a size control before
      cell division or a secondary effect of the prolonged G1. We therefore conclude
      that cell anchorage as a growth regulator primarily affects the DNA/cell division
      cycle.

PMID- 4066772
TI  - LLC-PK1 cysts: a model for the study of epithelial polarity.
AB  - In the present work, we have taken advantage of the properties of two recently
      isolated clonal subpopulations of the pig kidney-derived LLC-PK1 cell line to
      study aspects of the establishment of epithelial polarity. When grown in
      suspension, LLC-PK1/D + Sc cells reaggregated within a few hours and, during the
      following days of culture, formed free-floating, hollow spheres or cysts, lined
      by a monolayer of polarized cells. In contrast, LLC-PK1/D- cells were unable to
      develop such polarized structures even upon prolonged culture in suspension. The
      polarity of the LLC-PK1/D + Sc cells lining the cysts was inverted compared to
      that in intact renal tubules, the microvilli-rich "apical" pole being oriented
      toward the external medium. However, upon embedding these preformed cysts in
      collagen gels, a reversal of polarity was observed within hours, the microvilli
      rich pole now facing the cyst cavity. Thus, in the same clonally derived cell
      population, cell-to-cell contact and interaction with the extracellular matrix
      differentially affect the orientation of cellular polarity. The LLC-PK1/D + Sc
      cysts provide a suitable in vitro model system for further study of the
      sequential events by which extracellular matrix components induce an
      appropriately oriented polarization. In addition, the comparison between LLC
      PK1/D + Sc and D- cells, which differ in their ability to polarize in response to
      cell-to-cell contact, should help define some of the cellular determinants
      involved in epithelial organization.

PMID- 4066773
TI  - On the role of 17 alpha-estradiol and 17 beta-estradiol in the proliferation of
      MCF7 and T47D-A11 human breast tumor cells.
AB  - A comparative study of the proliferative effect of 17 beta-estradiol and 17 alpha
      estradiol on human estrogen-sensitive cell lines was performed. When using
      charcoal-dextran stripped human female sera-supplemented media the administration
      of the hormones, 17 alpha-estradiol at 3 X 10(-10)M, and 17 beta-estradiol at 3 X
      10(-11)M, resulted in a ten-fold increase in cell yield when compared with non
      estrogen supplemented controls after cells were grown for periods between 10 to
      14 days. No significant metabolization of 17 alpha-estradiol into 17 beta
      estradiol occurred as measured by the E2 levels in the supernatants of the cell
      culture flasks. Increased concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol and 17 alpha
      estradiol added to the media bathing C7MCF7-173 cells resulted in a triggering of
      a partially successful shut-off effect; this phenomenon was not observed with
      T47D-All cells. These results are compatible with predictions stemming from the
      indirect and direct negative working hypothesis for the regulation of cell
      proliferation.

PMID- 4066774
TI  - Immunochemical and biochemical characterization of a glioma-associated
      extracellular matrix glycoprotein.
AB  - A novel human glioma-associated extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein has been
      identified by murine monoclonal antibody 81C6. The glycoprotein, designated GMEM,
      is expressed in the ECM of glioma and mesenchymal cell cultures, in the
      perivascular matrix of endothelial proliferations of human gliomas, and in the
      stroma of human glioma xenografts in athymic mice, where it has been used as a
      target antigen for monoclonal antibody tumor localization and radioimaging. We
      report here on the immunochemical and biochemical characterization of GMEM.
      Polyacrylamide gel analysis of immunoprecipitated [3H]-leucine- and [3H]
      glucosamine-labeled ECM from the human glioma cell line U-251MG has shown that
      GMEM is a high-molecular-weight macromolecule (Mr approximately 1,000,000)
      composed of Mr approximately 230,000 disulfide-bonded glycoprotein subunits.
      Immunoprecipitation, immunoblot, and one-dimensional peptide map analysis have
      shown that GMEM is distinct from human fibroblast and plasma fibronectin. These
      results support previous immunohistology and absorption analysis findings,
      indicating that GMEM is distinct from fibronectin, laminin, and
      glycosaminoglycans secreted by U-251MG.

PMID- 4066775
TI  - Pteridine formation during lectin-induced lymphocyte activation.
AB  - After iodine oxidation, biopterin, 6-hydroxymethylpterin, and 6-formylpterin were
      identified in mouse spleen lymphocytes by means of reverse-phase HPLC, Crithidia
      assay, and oxidative degradation. Concanavalin A activation induces a 30-fold
      increase in the pteridine amounts; biopterin as well as the sum of the carbinol
      and the aldehyde attain levels of 6-8 X 10(-12) mol/10(6) cells. The most rapid
      increase occurs during the first 24 hr. Thus, pteridine accumulation precedes the
      period of lymphocyte proliferation; maximum DNA synthesis was found after 72 hr.
      Biopterin remains largely inside the cells, whereas 6-hydroxymethylpterin and 6
      formylpterin were found in the supernatant if the stimulated cells were
      subsequently incubated in a phosphate buffered salt solution (PBS).
      Isoxanthopterin was found in the PBS supernatant of control cells that previously
      were kept in medium alone rather than subjected to lectin stimulation. Only
      minimal amounts were found inside these cells, and this pterin was absent from
      the stimulated lymphocytes. The early increase in cellular pteridines and their
      differential release may well provide the basis for their modulating effect on
      interleukin-2 activity (Ziegler I, et al: Lymphokine Research 3:284, 1984).

PMID- 4066776
TI  - Studies with digitonin-treated rat hepatocytes (nude cells).
AB  - Isolated rat hepatocytes were treated with digitonin to strip the plasma
      membrane. The effect of digitonin concentration and exposure time on the recovery
      of marker enzymes for cell organelles was examined. Hepatocytes treated at room
      temperature for 1-2 min with 1 mg/ml of digitonin lose some 40% of their protein
      but retain over 95% of their intact mitochondria and peroxisomes, 90-95% of their
      endoplasmic reticulum, and about 80% of their lysosomal enzymes. There is little
      loss of the mitochondrial intermembrane content, and both oxygen uptake and
      phosphorylation are unimpaired by the treatment. Electron microscopy reveals a
      complete loss of the plasma membrane, in spite of limited loss of marker enzymes
      for this membrane. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the interior of the
      cells to be made up of a dense network of fibers and lamellae attached to the
      nucleus, mitochondria, and small organelles. The treated cells were stable for
      many hours when kept in 0.25 M sucrose containing 25 mM monovalent salts. In salt
      free sucrose the cells broke up very rapidly into nuclei and other single
      organelles. Addition of 5 mM NaCl or KCl retards breakup, and 15-20 min were
      required for dissolution. Intermediate stages, illustrated by scanning electron
      micrographs, show structure and chains made up mainly of mitochondria held
      together by a lamellar network. The rapid breakdown occurred at a pH above 7.5 in
      an oxygen atmosphere and in the presence of phosphate and apparently is an energy
      requiring process. It is slow below a pH of 7.2, and at a pH of 6.8 the treated
      cells remain completely stable in salt-free sucrose. Our results suggest that
      endoplastic reticulum is a major component of the cytostructure holding together
      nuclei and organelles.

PMID- 4066777
TI  - Posttranslational phosphorylation of specific chromosomal proteins and
      transcription of hnRNA genes in isolated nuclei: retention of in vivo sensitivity
      to 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB).
AB  - The rapidly turning over phosphorylation of specific nuclear nonhistone proteins,
      especially 42-, 33-, and 30-kDa polypeptides, and its relation to the
      transcriptional activity of hnRNA genes was investigated in isolated nuclei from
      salivary gland cells of Chironomus tentans. Incubation conditions promoting the
      phosphorylation of nonhistone proteins as well as the transcriptional activity of
      RNA polymerase II were established. The pattern of 32P incorporation into the
      nonhistone proteins found in isolated nuclei resembled that obtained in
      experiments with intact cells, and the endogenous RNA polymerase II retained its
      ability to reinitiate the transcription under in vitro assay conditions. In
      addition, the in vivo sensitivity of the phosphorylation of 42-, 33-, and 30-kDa
      polypeptides, like the sensitivity of the initiation of hnRNA transcription to
      5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB), were preserved in the
      nuclear preparation. The experimental data taken together provide further support
      for the idea that the activation of hnRNA genes is causally related to the
      phosphorylation of specific nonhistone proteins.

PMID- 4066778
TI  - Role of protein kinase C in transmembrane signaling.
AB  - Many extracellular signals elicit Ca2+ mobilization and diacylglycerol formation
      in their target cells. Diacylglycerol is derived from the receptor-linked
      phosphoinositide turnover and serves as a second messenger for the activation of
      protein kinase C in the presence of Ca2+ and phosphatidylserine. Unique
      diacylglycerols such as 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol, which activate intracellular
      protein kinase C when added to intact cells, have been synthesized. Tumor
      promoting phorbol esters substitute for such diacylglycerols and directly
      activate protein kinase C in both intact cell and cell-free systems. Under
      appropriate conditions, the synthetic diacylglycerols and phorbol esters induce
      protein kinase C activation without Ca2+ mobilization, whereas Ca2+ ionophore
      A23187 induces Ca2+ mobilization without protein kinase C activation. Using these
      substances, we have obtained evidence that both protein C and Ca2+ are involved
      in and play a synergistic role in exocytosis, cell division, and other cellular
      functions. In this article, the role of protein kinase C in transmembrane
      signaling is discussed.

PMID- 4066779
TI  - Design and characterization of peptides with amphiphilic beta-strand structures.
AB  - To extend our studies on peptides and proteins with amphiphilic secondary
      structures, a series of peptides designed to form amphiphilic beta-strand
      structures was designed, synthesized, and characterized by circular dichroism and
      infrared spectroscopy. Amphiphilic beta-strand conformations may be likely to
      appear in a variety of surface-active proteins, including apolipoprotein B and
      fibronectin. In a beta-strand conformation, the synthetic peptides will possess a
      hydrophobic face composed of valine side chains and a hydrophilic face composed
      of alternating acidic (glutamic acid) and basic (ornithine or lysine) residues.
      The peptides studied had a variety of chain lengths (5, 9, and 13 residues), and
      had the amino groups either free or protected with the trifluoroacetyl group.
      While the peptides did not possess a high potential for beta-sheet formation
      based on the Chou Fasman parameters, they possessed significant beta-sheet
      content, with up to 90% beta-sheet calculated for the 13-residue protected
      peptide. The driving force for beta-sheet formation is the potential
      amphiphilicity of this conformation. The beta-strand conformation of the 13
      residue deprotected peptide was stable in 50% trifluoroethanol, 6 M guanidine
      hydrochloride, and octanol. The peptides are strongly self-associating in water,
      which would reduce the unfavorable contacts of the hydrophobic residues with
      water. It is clear that small peptides can be designed to form stable beta-strand
      conformations.

PMID- 4066780
TI  - The design, synthesis, and characterization of tight-binding inhibitors of
      calmodulin.
AB  - Based on a consideration of the probable structure of calmodulin and some natural
      peptides known to interact with it, two calmodulin-binding peptides were
      designed. These peptides bind to calmodulin in helical conformations and are
      capable of forming electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with calmodulin.
      Their dissociation constants for binding (less than or equal to 210 and 400 pM)
      place them as the tightest-binding inhibitors of calmodulin thus far reported.
      The study of the interactions of these and similar peptides with calmodulin will
      provide valuable insights into the mechanisms whereby calmodulin binds to target
      enzymes, and it also serves as an excellent model system for exploring the
      physical chemistry of protein-protein interaction.

PMID- 4066781
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against a nucleolar protein from differentiating chick
      muscle cells.
AB  - Two monoclonal antibodies, NORM and NORA, bind specifically to a 37 000 molecular
      weight protein in total protein extracts of chick skeletal muscle cell cultures.
      They have been used to follow changes in the amount and distribution of this
      protein during terminal differentiation and the associated cessation of cell
      division. Immunofluorescence microscopy shows that the antigen is found almost
      exclusively in the nucleolus in interphase cells and is dispersed in the
      cytoplasm during mitosis. Low doses of actinomycin D cause segregation of
      nucleoli into DNA fibrils and ribonucleoprotein granules, and the antigen is
      clearly associated with the latter. High doses of actinomycin D cause shrinkage
      of the nucleolus and the antigen is dispersed within the nucleoplasm, but not
      released into the cytoplasm. The amount and distribution of antigen is similar in
      all cell types (myoblasts, myotubes and fibroblasts) and there are no major
      changes during muscle differentiation. From known changes in ribosomal RNA
      metabolism during myogenesis and after actinomycin D treatment, we suggest that
      the 37 000 Mr protein is involved in some post-transcriptional aspect of ribosome
      production and that its concentration and distribution may be related to the
      concentration of ribosomal RNA in the nucleolus.

PMID- 4066782
TI  - Xeroderma pigmentosum D-HeLa hybrids with low and high ultraviolet sensitivity
      associated with normal and diminished DNA repair ability, respectively.
AB  - Fusion between HeLa and fibroblasts from complementation group D xeroderma
      pigmentosum (XPD) followed by challenge with small doses of ultraviolet light
      (u.v.) results in the production of hybrid cells expressing either HeLa (HD1) or
      XPD-like (HD2) sensitivity to u.v. and related repair capacity. Assays used
      included unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS), DNA break accumulation in the presence
      of inhibitors of DNA repair synthesis and host cell reactivation of irradiated
      adenovirus. Complementation assay in heterokaryons reveals limited ability of HD2
      to restore UDS in XPD nuclei. We believe this complementation is more apparent
      than real since proliferating hybrids of HD2 and XPD parentage are without
      exception u.v.-sensitive and express limited excision repair. On the other hand
      hybrids between HD2 and XPC, XPE or XPF fibroblasts show true complementation
      resulting in a return to normal u.v. sensitivity and elevated repair ability.

PMID- 4066783
TI  - In vivo transcription of ribosomal RNA in relation to the mitotic cycle in
      Physarum polycephalum.
AB  - We have investigated the transcription of ribosomal RNA in plasmodia of Physarum
      polycephalum by a combination of pulse-labelling with [3H]uridine and RNA:DNA
      hybridization. The DNA used for the hybridization was a HindIII restriction
      fragment (cloned in bacteriophage lambda) of Physarum ribosomal DNA that carries
      a substantial fraction of the rRNA genes, enabling the ribosomal transcripts in
      the newly synthesized RNA to be measured. We found that ribosomal RNA constituted
      about 40% of the pulse-labelled RNA at all times during the synchronous mitotic
      cycle.

PMID- 4066784
TI  - Bone cells predispose bone surfaces to resorption by exposure of mineral to
      osteoclastic contact.
AB  - The cell-free endocranial surface of young adult rat parietal bones was used as a
      substrate for osteoclastic bone resorption, either without prior treatment, or
      after incubation of the parietal bones with collagenase or neonatal rat calvarial
      cells. Untreated, the endocranial surface consisted of unmineralized organic
      fibres; incubation with calvarial cells or collagenase caused disruption and
      removal of these fibres, with extensive exposure of bone mineral on the
      endocranial surface, without morphologically detectable mineral dissolution.
      Neonatal rabbit osteoclasts resorbed bone to a greater extent from parietal bones
      pre-incubated with calvarial cells or collagenase than from untreated bones;
      mineral exposure and subsequent osteoclastic resorption were both increased if
      calvarial cells were incubated with parathyroid hormone; removal of bone mineral
      after incubation with calvarial cells removed the predisposition to osteoclastic
      resorption. These experiments demonstrate that calvarial cells are capable of
      osteoid destruction, and indicate that one mechanism by which osteoblasts induce
      osteoclastic bone resorption may be through digestion of the unmineralized
      organic material that covers bone surfaces, to expose the underlying resorption
      stimulating bone mineral to osteoclastic contact.

PMID- 4066785
TI  - Isolation and characterization of alkaline phosphatase-containing granules
      (phosphasomes) from human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
AB  - Human polymorphonuclear leucocytes were homogenized in isotonic sucrose and
      subjected to analytical subcellular fractionation by centrifugation on a
      discontinuous sucrose density gradient to produce a phosphasome-enriched
      fraction, contaminated primarily by plasma membrane. Experiments to separate
      these membrane fractions by centrifugation on gradients of Nycodenz or Percoll,
      or by toroidal coil counter current chromatography, were unsuccessful.
      Fractionation carried out on neutrophils previously suspended in isotonic sucrose
      containing a low concentration of digitonin resulted in the preparation of a
      highly purified phosphasome fraction, free of plasma membrane components.
      Electron-microscope cytochemistry of the purified fraction identified the
      phosphasomes as regular and irregular-shaped spheres and rods, the alkaline
      phosphatase being associated with the inner aspect of the vesicle membrane. These
      granule structures were very similar to phosphasomes observed in intact
      neutrophils. A proportion of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi membrane marker
      enzymes remained associated with the phosphasomes throughout the separation
      procedures.

PMID- 4066786
TI  - Shape-dependent regulation of cytoskeletal protein synthesis in anchorage
      dependent and anchorage-independent cells.
AB  - We examine changes in protein synthesis that accompany suspension (i.e. shape
      alteration) of anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent cells using a newly
      developed cell fractionation procedure based on detergent extraction. Using this
      procedure, a cell can be divided into four distinct and independent fractions:
      soluble, cytoskeleton, chromatin and nuclear matrix-intermediate filament. This
      fractionation procedure is used to investigate protein synthetic events
      associated with the release from anchorage-dependent growth, characteristic of
      transformed cells. Suspension results in several unexpected events in both
      anchorage-dependent (3T3) cells and anchorage-independent (SVPy 3T3) cells.
      Suspension of 3T3 cells results in a reduction of total protein synthesis;
      however, two proteins are enhanced in their amount of synthesis. Suspension of
      SVPy 3T3 results in about 20 proteins proceeding through short and long-term
      alterations in the rate of synthesis. The synthesis of some of these proteins is
      inhibited, others undergo a transient decrease in synthesis upon suspension and
      then increase above their rate in the anchored state, while the synthesis of
      others steadily increases after suspension. Suspension of anchorage-dependent
      cells results in a fraction specific shift in the rates of protein synthesis.
      Possible roles for these fraction-specific proteins are considered.

PMID- 4066787
TI  - Defective adhesion to extracellular matrix leads to altered social behaviour in
      cultured fibroblasts.
AB  - We describe the properties of variant mouse fibroblasts selected for poor
      adhesion to growth substratum containing subcellular matrix accumulated by
      adherent cells at confluence. The variant cells adhere to virgin plastic and grow
      normally to confluence in the presence of serum. After subculture and reseeding
      onto the same surface the cells initially adhere, but after a further 2 days of
      growth they retract into aggregates and detach. If the aggregates are dispersed
      and cells reseeded onto the same surface they remain rounded. However, if the
      same cells are added back to virgin plastic they adhere and grow normally. The
      retraction can be abolished by treating the subcellular matrix-coated plastic
      with papain. This behaviour therefore reflects the ability of the cells to modify
      the composition of the underlying substratum during growth. The variant cells
      also exhibit retraction 2 days after seeding on a surface previously containing
      wild-type cells at confluence, while wild-type cells do not retract on
      subcellular matrix deposited by variants. This shows that the variant behaviour
      arises not from a deficiency in the subcellular matrix, but from an alteration in
      the adhesive capacity of the cells. The results are interpreted in terms of three
      putative adhesion mechanisms: cell-cell adhesion in confluent monolayers and
      aggregates; 'early' type cell-substratum adhesion, which occurs during culture on
      virgin plastic; and 'late' type cell-substratum adhesion occurring on surfaces
      containing accumulated subcellular matrix. The variant phenotype is characterized
      by a deficiency in the last of these. It is also associated with an increased
      ability to grow in suspension culture at high dilution.

PMID- 4066788
TI  - Duchenne muscular dystrophy: studies of cell motility in vitro.
AB  - Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe degenerative disorder of skeletal
      muscle. It has been suggested that an abnormality of the plasma membrane may be
      responsible for the pathogenesis of DMD, and a number of cell surface changes
      have been described in DMD muscle fibres and other cell types. Alterations in
      cell-to-cell and cell-to-substratum adhesiveness have been reported for DMD cells
      and we have determined whether these alterations in cell adhesiveness affect
      migration of cells from DMD muscle explants. DMD cells move more rapidly and
      spend less time at rest than do normal or DMD carrier cells, although the
      differences were statistically significant only for the latter cells. An inverse
      relationship between cell speed and contact with surrounding cells was not
      observed. All cells tended to persist in their direction of movement, and there
      were no differences between the types of cells studied. Our results support the
      view that there may be a cell surface defect in DMD.

PMID- 4066789
TI  - Measurements of intracellular pH and its relevance to cell differentiation in
      Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - A method was developed in this study to measure the intracellular pH (pHi) of
      Dictyostelium discoideum cells with a pH-sensitive fluorescence dye,
      carboxyfluorescein dibutyrate, and the pHi values of cells on the stalk and spore
      pathways were compared. The pHi of prestalk cells was lower than that of prespore
      cells by approximately 0.3 pH unit. In monolayer cultures of sporogenous mutants,
      which can differentiate into stalk cells and spores without cell contact, the pHi
      of the amoebae depended on the medium: media in which the majority of cells
      eventually become stalk cells reduced the pHi while conditions favouring spore
      formation increased the pHi. Addition of weak acids lowered the pHi. These
      results are in good accordance with the model presented by Gross and coworkers,
      which proposes that the choice between alternative pathways of cell
      differentiation is regulated via pHi and that low pHi favours stalk
      differentiation whereas high pHi favours spore formation.

PMID- 4066790
TI  - Actin synthesis in tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic human hybrid cells.
AB  - We have previously shown that the total actin content of tumorigenic
      HeLa/fibroblast somatic cell hybrids is significantly lower than that of the non
      tumorigenic hybrid cells. A measure of actin synthesis, relative to total protein
      synthesis, was obtained for these cells to determine whether the reduced actin
      content of the tumorigenic cells is due to specific suppression of actin
      synthesis. Actin synthesis was measured in cells labelled with [35S]methionine
      using DNase I affinity chromatography to isolate the actin quantitatively. The
      results show that actin synthesis is not specifically suppressed, since the
      relative amount of actin synthesized is constant for the tumorigenic and non
      tumorigenic cell lines. The reduced actin content of the tumorigenic cells is
      therefore most likely to be the result of increased degradation of actin.

PMID- 4066791
TI  - Unusual structural features and assembly of gap and pleated septate junctions in
      embryonic cockroach CNS.
AB  - Junctional assembly in the developing CNS in cockroach embryos has been studied
      during the last half of neurogenesis. Atypical linear tracts of gap junctions are
      found to develop between attenuated cytoplasmic glial cell processes and their
      overlying perineurial cells during the last third of development. During both
      perineurial and glial gap-junctional formation, 13 nm E face (EF) intramembrane
      particles (IMPs), such as are characteristic of arthropod gap junctions, are seen
      initially as free IMPs; these then become arranged in loose irregular clusters or
      alignments and finally are aggregated in plaques. P face ridges (or EF grooves),
      typical of tight junctions, are found on the same perineurial membrane face as
      assembling gap-junctional PF pits (or EF particles). Pleated separate junctions
      also develop between adjacent perineurial processes during the last third of
      embryogenesis; these form by the apparent migration of individual 8 nm PF IMPs
      into meandering rows, which then become aligned in numerous orderly parallel
      stacks. Although all these junctions occur on the same perineurial membrane face,
      the IMPs that form the different junctional types never appear to be confused
      during junctional assembly. The cues to signal the advent of these precise
      patterns, however, are unknown.

PMID- 4066792
TI  - Binding and uptake of the toxic lectin modeccin by baby hamster kidney (BHK)
      cells. Isolation of mutants defective in the internalization of modeccin.
AB  - The effects of the toxic lectins, ricin and modeccin, on baby hamster kidney
      (BHK) cells have been compared. Modeccin is about 20-50 times more toxic to BHK
      cells than ricin. Binding studies showed that there are 10(5) to 2 X 10(5)
      modeccin binding sites/cell compared with approximately 10(7) binding sites for
      ricin. Inhibition studies with galactosides indicate that both N- and O-glycans
      with terminal galactosyl residues are effective inhibitors of modeccin binding.
      Surface-bound modeccin, at 0 degrees C, was found to be very rapidly endocytosed
      (75-80% in 10 min) when cells were warmed to 37 degrees C. Two modeccin-resistant
      BHK cell lines have been isolated and characterized. These mutants bind normal
      levels of modeccin and retain sensitivity to the toxic action of ricin. Both cell
      lines were shown to be defective in their ability to internalize modeccin. Also,
      these mutants are morphologically different from parental cells as they align and
      elongate very prominently at low cell densities. These mutants will be very
      useful in understanding the mechanism of uptake and transport of modeccin.

PMID- 4066793
TI  - Microtubules in root hairs.
AB  - The microtubules of root hairs of Raphanus sativus, Lepidium sativum, Equisetum
      hyemale, Limnobium stoloniferum, Ceratopteris thalictroides, Allium sativum and
      Urtica dioica were investigated using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy.
      Arrays of cortical microtubules were observed in all hairs. The microtubules in
      the hairs show net axial orientations, but in Allium and Urtica helical
      microtubule patterns are also present. Numerical parameters of microtubules in
      Raphanus, Equisetum and Limnobium were determined from dry-cleave preparations.
      The results are discussed with respect to cell wall deposition and cell
      morphogenesis.

PMID- 4066794
TI  - Pollen-stigma interaction in Brassica. III. Hydration of the pollen grains.
AB  - A method is described by which the changes in shape that accompany hydration of
      Brassica pollen grains may be rapidly measured. Using this technique it has
      proved possible to chart the small amount of hydration that takes place on
      anthesis, in addition to the response of pollen to a range of relative humidities
      in vitro and in vivo. Such measurements, together with pollen transfer
      experiments, indicate that under normal field conditions self-pollen undergoes a
      brief period of hydration followed by some loss of water and that, in the course
      of this hydration, many pollen grains are inhibited from further growth. Raised
      levels of atmospheric water cause a variety of responses in self-pollen, ranging
      from tube growth through the pistil to the ovary, to tubes inhibited at the
      stigmatic surface, accompanied by the formation of callose. Surprisingly,
      compatible cross-pollen is also affected by high humidity, often developing
      extended tubes that are incapable of penetrating the stigmatic cuticle. The
      development of stigmatic callose is also stimulated by these tubes, as also
      occurs when other members of the Cruciferae are induced to germinate on Brassica
      stigmas by high levels of atmospheric water. This formation of callose in
      response to challenge by all types of pollen tube suggests models for the self
      incompatibility response in Brassica that involve a direct linkage between S
      (incompatibility) gene products and the formation of callose may require some
      reexamination. Close study of the operation of the self-incompatibility system in
      a number of individuals has revealed all aspects of the response to be heavily
      dependent on the particular S genes possessed by the plant.

PMID- 4066795
TI  - Experimental analysis of the reproduction of spindle poles.
AB  - We have investigated the functional properties of the mechanisms that control the
      reproduction of spindle poles in fertilized sea-urchin eggs. By prolonging
      mitosis by three independent means, we show that a spindle pole can split during
      mitosis into two functional poles of normal appearance. However, these poles have
      only half the normal reproductive capacity; each daughter cell that receives a
      split pole, always forms a monopolar spindle at the next division. Each monopolar
      spindle appears to be exactly half of a spindle because two of them can come
      together to form a functional bipolar spindle of normal appearance. The poles of
      such spindles show normal reproduction in subsequent divisions. By following the
      development of individual cells with monopolar spindles, we show that such a cell
      can stay in mitosis longer than normal, and the single pole splits into two
      asters, which move apart to give a functional bipolar spindle. The poles of such
      a spindle have only half the normal reproductive capacity, because the two
      daughters of the cell always form monopolar spindles at the next mitosis. This
      novel cycle of development is often repeated. The occurrence of such phenomena
      does not depend upon the method used to induce monopolar spindles. These results
      show that each normal pole has two polar determinants. The results also
      demonstrate that the reproduction of spindle poles consists of three distinct
      events: splitting of the polar determinants, physical separation of the two
      determinants, and duplication of the determinants to return the pole to a duplex
      state. Splitting and duplication are distinct events because they can be
      experimentally put out of phase with each other for several cell cycles.

PMID- 4066797
TI  - Nucleolar activation and vacuolation in embryo radicle cells during early
      germination.
AB  - The activation of the nucleolus of primary root cells of Sinapis alba embryos
      during the first 72 h of germination was monitored by autoradiographic,
      ultrastructural and microstereological methods. Autoradiographs showed that
      within 48 h, the nucleolus progressively resumed the capacity to synthesize pre
      rRNA molecules at a high rate. In quiescent embryos the nucleolus was small,
      compact and composed of mixed granular and fibrillar components. Within the first
      6 h of germination a strong nucleolar vacuolation occurred, accompanied by a
      decrease in the volume of the nucleolus and a concomitant high loss of its
      ribonucleoproteins (RNPs). From 6 to 24 h, nucleolar vacuolation decreased to
      reach a stable level. During this last period the volume of the nucleolus
      increased by the accumulation of the fibrillar component resulting from a slow
      pre-rRNA processing. At 24 h the nucleolus presented a predominantly fibrillar
      texture. After 24 h, nucleolus growth continued but was due to the accumulation
      of the granular component, indicating that pre-rRNA processing occurred at a
      higher rate than during the first day of germination. From 48 h the nucleolus was
      composed of well-delineated granular and fibrillar areas. Dense nucleolus
      associated chromatin as well as fibrillar centres were always observed during the
      whole period of observation. In addition, previous studies on the nucleolus of
      radicle cells of Zea mays embryo during early germination were completed by
      studying changes in the nucleolar volume and in the density of pre-ribosomal
      subunits of the granular component. On the basis of the data obtained with both
      species we suggest that a possible function for the nucleolar vacuoles is the
      increase in the nucleolus-nucleoplasm exchange interface in response to a rapid
      increase in the output of nucleolar RNPs. The nucleolar growth pattern during
      early germination is also discussed.

PMID- 4066796
TI  - Regulation of cell growth by vitreous humour.
AB  - Extracts of normal vitreous have been found to inhibit angiogenesis in two animal
      models: tumour-induced neovascularization in the rabbit corneal micropocket and
      retinal extract-induced angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay.
      Using in vitro assays, we have found recently that an extract of bovine vitreous,
      free of hyaluronic acid, inhibits proliferation of cells in the aortic wall, i.e.
      endothelium and smooth muscle cells, as well as capillary and corneal
      endothelium. The inhibition is dose-dependent, as determined by either cell count
      or [3H]thymidine incorporation, and not due to cytotoxicity, as demonstrated with
      a double-label thymidine assay. The inhibitor is trypsin-sensitive and heat
      stable (95 degrees C for 10 min). Conversely, proliferation of pericytes, lens
      epithelium and fibroblasts (dermal and corneal) was stimulated by the vitreous
      extract. This mitogenic activity was heat-labile. Growth of pigment epithelium
      and several tumour cell lines was unaffected. The data demonstrate that normal
      vitreous contains a heat-stable growth inhibitor specific for endothelium and
      smooth muscle cells, and a non-specific heat-labile mitogen. The paradoxical
      effect of this antiangiogenic factor on arterial and capillary contractile cells,
      smooth muscle and pericytes, suggests a basic difference in the regulation of the
      two vasculatures. The results suggest that a substance in normal vitreous may be
      important in controlling neovascularization that results from diabetic and other
      retinopathies, and could be useful for inhibiting tumour-induced angiogenesis.

PMID- 4066798
TI  - The effect of partial protein synthesis inhibition on cell proliferation in
      higher plants.
AB  - Meristematic cells from Allium cepa L. roots can attain a steady state of growth
      in the presence of anisomycin at concentrations that effectively reduce the rate
      of protein synthesis. Under these conditions the lengths of cell cycle periods
      increase but not in the same proportion as the generation time (t). Mitosis is
      hardly affected and S period is slightly lengthened. G2 increases less in
      proportion to t, while G1 is extended much higher in proportion to t. Natural
      synchronous populations have been used to study cell cycle parameters during
      transition from the physiological steady state to the new one created by the
      presence of the drug. G2 was the same during transition as during steady-state
      growth. G1 was much shorter during transition. Average cell mass at division was
      reduced, and a negative correlation was observed between the length of G2 and the
      size of the cell at termination of DNA synthesis. We propose that in higher
      plants, G2 length is regulated by cell mass at completion of DNA synthesis (G2
      being shorter in big cells than in small cells), though there is no cell size
      requirement for mitosis.

PMID- 4066799
TI  - [A parathyroid adenoma of uncommon localization in the middle mediastinum].
AB  - A case of parathyroid adenoma is reported which was of interest in two respects:
      the very atypical localization in the middle mediastinum and the clearly visible
      lesion on a straight thoracic film.

PMID- 4066800
TI  - [Recent rupture of the patellar tendon. Apropos of 9 cases].
AB  - The authors report a series of nine fresh ruptures of the patellar tendon which
      occurred principally at its upper part. They were repaired by the Judet's
      technique protected with a circular nylon inserted around the superior pole of
      the patella or through the patella and through the tibial tuberosity. A
      transposition of the distal tendons of the semitendinosus and gracilis muscles
      was done with success in one case. The reeducation started early in the last
      cases.

PMID- 4066801
TI  - [Surgical technics for implantation of hepatic intra-arterial catheters for local
      chemotherapy. Experience with 42 cases].
AB  - Based on the experience of 42 cases of surgical implantation of hepatic intra
      arterial catheters (HIAC) for local chemotherapy, the techniques used are
      analyzed principally as a function of anatomical variations of the hepatic
      artery. A conventional procedure (HIAC implanted into gastroduodenal artery) was
      performed in 60% of cases, while in 26% of patients this was possible only after
      section of a right and/or left hepatic artery. Atypical implantation was
      necessary in 14% of cases to ensure complete perfusion of liver. The different
      methods employed and the reasons for their choice are discussed.

PMID- 4066802
TI  - [Congenital superior mesenteric arteriovenous malformations].
AB  - An arteriovenous aneurysm in the region supplied by the superior mesenteric
      artery was detected fortuitously during abdominal arteriography. The absence of a
      previous history of injury or operation suggested a congenital origin for this
      infrequently observed lesion. Logical therapy whenever possible is resection of
      mesentery and the neighbouring intestine.

PMID- 4066803
TI  - [Revascularization of the lower limbs starting from the descending thoracic
      aorta].
AB  - A rarely reported method for revascularization of lower limbs is the use of
      descending thoracic aorta and a prosthesis passing through the subpleural and
      subperitoneal tissues. It is nevertheless a valuable procedure in patients in
      good general condition in whom there is a local contraindication to the abdominal
      approach. It appears to be more reliable in the long term than a conventional
      axillofemoral shunt.

PMID- 4066804
TI  - [Prognosis and surgical indications in acute pancreatitis. Contribution of
      abdominal x-ray computed tomography].
AB  - The authors have retrospectively studied 17 patients with acute pancreatitis to
      see if computed tomography (CT) findings were correlated with the clinical type
      of acute pancreatitis. This study permit to say that a normal CT scan is possible
      with an edematous pancreatitis. There is no necrotizing pancreatitis with normal
      CT scan. But, in 11 CT scan with severe appearance, 6 patients had an edematous
      pancreatitis of good prognosis. Several explanations are given, but the important
      thing is the lack of correlation that make CT scan of a bad prognosis value. Any
      way, CT scan is still the best examination for diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 4066805
TI  - [Associated lesions in closed injuries of the thorax: right bronchial rupture,
      rupture of the right subclavian artery, and bilateral fracture of the 1st rib].
AB  - A patient presented with rupture of right bronchus associated with rupture of the
      homolateral subclavian artery (diagnosed secondarily at the false aneurysm stage)
      and bilateral fracture of the 1st rib. Two stage repair operation provided
      lasting recovery. This case is used as a basis for emphasizing the diagnostic
      problems raised by combined endothoracic lesions, the need for systematic
      investigation of possible presence of a lesion of subclavian artery in patients
      with fracture of 1st rib, and finally various operative tactics (in the framework
      of false aneurysms of proximal subclavian vessels).

PMID- 4066806
TI  - [Role of reconstructive surgery in post-traumatic occlusions of the renal artery.
      Apropos of a case].
AB  - Post-traumatic thrombosis of the renal artery was detected in a patient with
      multiple injuries. Based on findings in this case and those reported in the
      literature, the difficulties of early diagnosis, the viability of the renal
      parenchyma and the hypertensive risk of revascularization are discussed and an
      attempt made to define the place of arterial surgery in post-traumatic thrombosis
      of renal artery.

PMID- 4066807
TI  - [Direct posterolateral approach to dorso-lumbar spinal metastases].
AB  - The authors report their experience of the posterolateral approach for the
      treatment of spinal dorsolumbar metastasis. They underline the effect of osseous
      posterior wall compression. In this way the classical laminectomy is not
      indicated.

PMID- 4066808
TI  - [Acute appendicitis and its postoperative complications. Apropos of a series of
      8738 cases].
AB  - 8,738 cases of acute appendicitis, all operated on emergency, have been examined
      considering their total mortality (3 cases), and their post-operative
      complications (2.04%), secondary especially to the septic character of this
      disease. Diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis still require a particular
      attention and care.

PMID- 4066809
TI  - [Is there currently a role for radical surgery of pain?].
AB  - Radical surgery of pain is destined for chronic and intolerable pain, resistant
      to causal treatment, and rebellious to the various medicinal therapeutics.
      Conventional neuro surgery by selective section of nociceptive fibers is very
      valuable for cancerous subjects with a limited life span. On the other hand,
      there has been skepticism concerning the real efficiency of neuro stimulation.
      The advance made in the knowledge of neurophysiologic and neurochemical mechanism
      of pain will allow a radical transformation as substitute for this invasive type
      surgery.

PMID- 4066810
TI  - [Original treatment of luxation of Lisfranc's joint].
AB  - Emergency reduction and stabilization of a case of total external luxation of
      Lisfranc's joint with fracture of 3rd cuneiform was by partial internal
      arthrodesis using a 1/3 tube plate placed astride the tarso-metatarsal joint
      combined with plaster immobilization for 2 months. Recovery took 6 months.

PMID- 4066811
TI  - [Comparison of 2 antibiotic combinations for the treatment of peritoneal
      infections in patients hospitalized in intensive care].

PMID- 4066812
TI  - Controlled trials of remedial approaches to reading disability.

PMID- 4066813
TI  - Compliance, 'negativism', and the effects of treatment structure in autism: a
      naturalistic, behavioral study.
AB  - Nineteen autistic individuals were observed in their familiar residential
      environment using a time-sample technique. Rates of stereotyped and self
      injurious behaviors, the direction of the subject's gaze (at staff, task or
      elsewhere) and the number of requests made to a subject by staff were a function
      of treatment structure, as defined by the staff: child ratio. While patterns of
      compliance in response to different types of requests were observed, subjects
      were generally compliant. The data do not support the notion that autistic
      children are unusually 'negativistic'. The utility of ecologically valid
      observations and the need for normative data are discussed.

PMID- 4066814
TI  - Some qualitative aspects of the social behaviour of autistic children: an
      ethological approach.
AB  - Quantitative as well as qualitative aspects of the social behaviour of a group of
      autistic children (n = 20) and a group of primary school children (n = 20) were
      studied by means of an ethological method. Principal components analysis of the
      behaviour protocols made clear that the social behaviour of autistic children was
      less well organized, lacked the factor 'inferential behaviour' and was
      characterized by a factor 'stereotyped behaviour'. Although the autistic group
      showed less eye contact than the normal group, no further signs of any particular
      social avoidance tendency was found.

PMID- 4066815
TI  - Quantitative criteria for attention and activity in child psychiatric patients.
AB  - The aim was to find empirically justified criteria for attention and activity.
      Patients with various disorders and controls were observed during psychiatric
      examinations. Measures of attention increased with age, were lower in patients
      than controls, were correlated with each other and related to the quality of task
      performance. Activity measures decreased with age, were higher in patients, were
      correlated among each other and concerned motility as well as talking
      initiatives. Criteria from other studies and the DSM-III were critically
      examined. Inattention was not associated with hyperactivity, except in mentally
      retarded children. Inattention was common in many diagnostic categories.

PMID- 4066816
TI  - The Children's Depression Scale. A study of its validity.
AB  - The validity of the Children's Depression Scale and of its parent-report version
      were examined on a sample of normal and clinically referred adolescents. The CDS
      and CDS-A discriminated adequately between clinical and non-clinical Ss, as well
      as between depressed and non-depressed. Only the CDS discriminated between
      depressed and 'sad', i.e. parental report did not discriminate between these two
      groups. A high correlation was found between the CDS and the Children's
      Depression Inventory. Internal consistency of the scale was found to be adequate.
      However, no support was found for the subscale structure of the CDS as proposed
      by its authors.

PMID- 4066817
TI  - The naming of disoriented letters by normal and reading-disabled children.
AB  - Normal and reading-disabled children, 11-13 years old, named the letters F, G and
      R, presented in normal and backward versions, in varying angular orientations, in
      left and right visual fields. Both groups were faster at naming the normal than
      the backward letters, even though mental rotation was evidently not required. The
      results also offered no support for Orton's theory concerning the interrelations
      between mirror-image equivalence, hemispheric differences and reading disability.
      The only measures unrelated to reading itself that discriminated the groups were
      digit span and a special difficulty among the disabled readers in naming the
      letter G.

PMID- 4066818
TI  - Reading gains for underachieving tutors and tutees in a cross-age tutoring
      programme.
AB  - A cross-age peer tutoring programme in reading is described in which three
      underachieving 10- to 11-year-old students tutored three underachieving 6- to 8
      year-old students. The programme, a modification of the 'paired-reading'
      technique of Morgan and Lyon, involved both concurrent modelling of correct
      reading and praise for reading independently by peer tutors. When given general
      instructions to help, tutors did provide some assistance, but specific training
      was necessary before appropriate tutoring behaviours were used. Both tutees
      showed marked improvements in oral reading and comprehension on classroom
      exercises and standardised reading tests.

PMID- 4066819
TI  - A developmental dose-response analysis of the effects of methylphenidate on the
      peer interactions of attention deficit disordered boys.
AB  - Mixed dyads of 42 normal and 42 ADD boys were videotaped in free play, co
      operative task, and simulated classrooms. ADD boys received placebo, 0.15 mg/kg,
      and 0.50 mg/kg of methylphenidate. ADD boys were more active and off task,
      watched peers less, and scored lower on mathematics and visual-motor tasks. Older
      boys interacted less, ignored peer interactions and play more frequently, were
      less controlling, and more compliant. In class, methylphenidate improved visual
      motor scores, and reduced the controlling behaviour, activity level, and off task
      behaviour of ADD boys. Normal peers displayed reciprocal reductions in
      controlling behaviour, activity level, and off task behaviour.

PMID- 4066820
TI  - The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis: do DSM III criteria need to be changed? A
      brief research report.
AB  - In this study the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis defined according to the DSM
      III criteria was determined in a random sample of 2070 children aged from 4 to 16
      years. Nocturnal enuresis declines in prevalence with age and is more frequent in
      boys than in girls. Moreover, the decline in prevalence with age was found to
      take place earlier in girls than in boys. It is therefore argued that the DSM III
      age limit for enuresis should be raised to 8 years for boys.

PMID- 4066821
TI  - Informing children about a parent's terminal illness.
AB  - It has been suggested that supplying children with explicit information about the
      terminal illness of a parent is likely to enhance their coping with anxiety. To
      examine this claim, the anxiety level of 18 children who were informed by their
      parents was compared with that of 26 children who were not thus informed. The
      anxiety of the informed group was significantly lower. The results also show
      meaningful differences between developmental levels among the non-informed only.
      Possible explanations and implications of the results are discussed.

PMID- 4066822
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of substituted p-benzoquinones and p
      hydroquinones. II. Retention behavior, quantitative structure-retention
      relationships and octanol-water partition coefficients.
AB  - The retention behavior of methoxy-substituted p-benzoquinones and the
      corresponding hydroquinones in reversed-phase chromatography was examined on
      octylsilica and two octadecylsilica stationary phases and with five hydroorganic
      mobile phases containing acetonitrile, methanol or tetrahydrofuran and
      additionally in most cases (NH3OH)3PO4 used as a reducing and buffering agent.
      The retention order of benzoquinones and hydroquinones was the same on each
      stationary phase with either methanol or acetonitrile as the organic modifier. On
      the other hand, minor differences in the retention order were observed with the
      various stationary phases. In all cases, satisfactory quantitative structure
      retention relationships (QSRRs) were found and the data suggest that the
      differences in the retention behaviour of octadecylsilicas used in this study are
      silanophilic interactions which, together with solvophobic interaction contribute
      to the retention of these eluites. Further analysis showed that QSRRs of
      sterically crowded molecules must take into account reduced surface area
      available for binding. The retention data obtained with use of aqueous
      tetrahydrofuran as mobile phase failed to give rise to satisfactory QSRRs. This
      was attributed to selective solvation of eluite by tetrahydrofuran and/or nearly
      equipotent binding of eluite and tetrahydrofuran to stationary phase.

PMID- 4066823
TI  - Separation of erythromycin and related substances by high-performance liquid
      chromatography on poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) packing materials.
AB  - A comparative evaluation of three brands of poly(styrene-divinylbenzene)
      copolymers, Hamilton PRP-1 (10 micron), Rogel (8 micron) and TSK-Gel (10 micron),
      as column packing materials for high-performance liquid chromatographic
      separation of erythromycins is presented. Erythromycins A, B and C,
      anhydroerythromycin A, erythromycin A enol ether, N-demethylerythromycin A,
      anhydro N-demethylerythromycin A and N-demethylerythromycin A enol ether were
      chromatographed. The effects of column temperature, concentration of organic
      modifier in the mobile phase, concentration of phosphate buffer, the addition of
      quaternary ammonium salts and pH are described. The best separations were
      obtained on TSK-Gel with the mobile phase acetonitrile-methanol-0.2 M
      tetramethylammonium hydroxide pH 8.0-0.2 M phosphate buffer pH 8.0-water
      (30:15:25:5:25). PRP-1 and Rogel gave equally good separations but with higher
      retention volumes.

PMID- 4066824
TI  - Electrophoretic and chromatographic techniques for the differential diagnosis of
      a haemoglobin abnormality: Hb E heterozygosity.
AB  - A method is described for separating haemoglobin (Hb) E (beta 26 Gly----Lys) from
      Hb A2 (a normal minor Hb component in adult blood). The technique allows the
      distinction between subjects carrying beta-thalassaemia trait and patients who
      are simultaneously alpha-thalassaemic and heterozygous for Hb E, the standard
      electrophoretic pattern often being similar in these two circumstances. Complete
      separation between Hb E and Hb A2 (2 mm empty space in between) is obtained by
      isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients in an ultra-narrow pH 7.55-7.65
      gradient. The apparent pI values of the two species (at 10 degrees C and at an
      average ionic strength of 5.6 mequiv. l-1) have been calculated to be 7.603 for
      Hb E and 7.607 for Hb A2. Thus, the system reported here affords a resolution of
      at least 0.004 pH unit.

PMID- 4066825
TI  - Detection of phenolalkylamines by capillary column gas chromatography-negative
      chemical ionization mass spectrometry.
AB  - Twelve phenolalkylamines normally used in different pharmaceutical products were
      determined in urine from volunteers given a therapeutical dose of the drug. The
      urine extracts were first derivatized with perfluoro propionic or butyric
      anhydride, then detected by capillary gas chromatography-negative chemical
      ionization mass spectrometry. The method is highly sensitive and specific in the
      analysis of biological samples.

PMID- 4066826
TI  - Liquid chromatography with pre-column dansyl derivatisation and fluorimetric
      detection applied to the assay of morphine in biological samples.
AB  - A simple method employing pre-column dansylation and liquid chromatography is
      proposed for a very sensitive and specific assay of morphine in biological
      samples. Nalorphine is used as an internal standard. The detection limit is 0.2
      picomol of injected morphine. In the assay of human sera spiked with 150 nmol/l,
      the intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 3.7% (n = 10) and 4.5%
      (n = 10), respectively. No interferences were observed from more than 70 opiate
      and non-opiate drugs. Urine, plasma and total blood were assayed, using different
      extraction methods, with negligible interference from coextractives.

PMID- 4066827
TI  - Amperometric detection of reducing carbohydrates in high-performance liquid
      chromatography using an amino-bonded column and acetonitrile-water as the eluent.
AB  - Amperometric detection of reducing carbohydrates using copper bis(phenanthroline)
      as the mediator in the post-column reaction was applied to the partition mode of
      high-performance liquid chromatography using an amino-bonded column with
      acetonitrile-water as the eluent. The proposed method appears to be the most
      sensitive means of detection in the partition separation of carbohydrates.
      Glucose can be determined at levels down to 5 pmol (1 ng injection). Excellent
      selectivity was demonstrated in examples of chromatograms obtained with fruit
      juices and human urine.

PMID- 4066828
TI  - The analysis of 25-hydroxycholesterol in plasma and cholesterol-containing foods
      by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A method for the analysis of 25-hydroxycholesterol by high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) in a wide range of materials is described. Lipid extracts
      were initially purified on octadecyl silicic acid cartridges and by reversed
      phase HPLC before quantitation by HPLC on a silicic acid column. The
      reproducibility of the method was confirmed by the analysis of plasma from rats
      fed 25-hydroxycholesterol. 25-Hydroxycholesterol was not detected in lard, cream,
      fresh egg yolk or spray-dried egg yolk powder. It was detected in egg yolk powder
      after heating at 110 degrees C for 4 days and its authenticity was confirmed by
      mass spectrometry.

PMID- 4066829
TI  - Separation of two forms of glutathione peroxidase from human erythrocytes by
      hydrophobic chromatography.

PMID- 4066830
TI  - Interaction of synthetic glycoproteins with immobilized lectins.

PMID- 4066831
TI  - Analysis of labelled fatty acid methyl esters by argentation and reversed-phase
      two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography.

PMID- 4066832
TI  - Simplified method for the clean-up and reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatographic determination of benomyl in mangoes.

PMID- 4066833
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of esmolol
      hydrochloride in solutions and parenteral formulations.

PMID- 4066834
TI  - Determination of oxytetracycline, sulphamethazine and sulphamethoxypyridazine in
      feed premixes.

PMID- 4066835
TI  - Determination of sodium, ephedrine and procaine in pharmaceuticals by capillary
      isotachophoresis.

PMID- 4066836
TI  - Application of thin-layer stick chromatographic identification test methods to
      drugs contained in preparations in the pharmacopoeia of Japan.
AB  - A simple, precise technique was developed for identifying the drugs in
      preparations containing crude drugs listed in the Pharmacopoeia of Japan using
      thin-layer stick chromatography (TLSC), which is an advanced version of thin
      layer chromatography in a cylindrical form. The target component in preparations
      and crude drugs could be detected easily by dipping the developed chromatographic
      stick in specific colour reagents or by exposure to ultraviolet rays. This
      technique was applied to the identification of drugs such as salicylic acid,
      phenol, acrinol and alkaloids and also vitamins contained in the 36 kinds of
      preparation.

PMID- 4066837
TI  - Measurement of neutral sugars in glycoproteins as dansyl derivatives by automated
      high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Automated high-performance liquid chromatography was used to analyse
      dansylhydrazine derivatives of neutral sugars in unfractionated acid hydrolysates
      of four well-characterized glycoproteins: fetuin, ovalbumin, alpha-1-acid
      glycoprotein and bovine submaxillary mucin. After a simple single-step
      derivatization at 65 degrees C the sugar derivatives in protein hydrolysates
      chromatographed as single peaks on reversed-phase C18 columns. The isocratic
      solvent consisted of 20% (v/v) aqueous acetonitrile containing 0.01 M formic
      acid, 0.04 M acetic acid and 0.001 M triethylamine. The triethylamine
      significantly increases the sugar peak height at 254 nm. Repeated automatic
      sample injection without deterioration of column performance or interference from
      dansyl hydrazine is not possible with published methods, but was achieved by
      cleaning the column between each analysis with a solvent of 20% (v/v)
      acetonitrile and 80% (v/v) methanol. Hydrolysis with 2 M trifluoroacetic acid is
      superior to 2 M hydrochloric acid for both sugar recovery and convenience but
      must continue for 6-8 h at 105 degrees C to ensure complete sugar release. We
      confirmed that mannose is present in most preparations of human high-molecular
      weight salivary glycoproteins, and also examined purified bovine skin
      proteodermatan sulphate. p-Nitrophenylhydrazine derivatives of neutral sugars are
      readily produced, but do not chromatograph as successfully as the dansyl
      derivatives while phenylhydrazine derivatives are not easily produced at 65
      degrees C. Further development of the method should be possible by producing
      other hydrazine derivatives of neutral sugars.

PMID- 4066838
TI  - Direct chiral resolution in an aqueous two-phase system using the counter-current
      distribution principle.

PMID- 4066839
TI  - Investigation of the mechanism of peak broadening observed in the high
      performance liquid chromatographic analysis of cyclosporine.

PMID- 4066840
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of phenazopyridine
      hydrochloride, tetracycline hydrochloride and sulphamethizole in combination.

PMID- 4066841
TI  - Determination of the content of 2-chlorobenzenesulphonamide and bis(p
      chlorophenyl) sulphone in 4-chlorobenzenesulphonamide.

PMID- 4066842
TI  - Rapid determination of five sulphonamides in swine tissue by high-performance
      liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4066843
TI  - [Procedures for quantitative high pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of non
      fluorescing compounds with bile acids as an example].

PMID- 4066844
TI  - Identification and quantification of 1-carboxysalsolinol and salsolinol in
      biological samples by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry.
AB  - 1-Carboxysalsolinol was found to be present in rat striatum, human urine and
      caudate nucleus of post mortem human brain, according to capillary column gas
      chromatographic retention times and selected ion monitoring of the
      hexafluoropropionyl ester pentafluoropropyl derivative. Simultaneous
      quantification of 1-carboxysalsolinol and salsolinol was performed in biological
      samples using deuterium labelled internal standards. In human urine, the
      precision of the method was +/- 7.1% (coefficient of variation, n = 25) for 1
      carboxysalsolinol at 15 pmol/ml and +/- 8.5% for salsolinol at 10 pmol/ml.
      According to enzymatic hydrolysis, 68% of 1-carboxysalsolinol was found as
      conjugates in urine, and the corresponding figure for salsolinol was 92%. In
      human caudate nucleus, the amounts of 1-carboxysalsolinol were found to be
      significantly greater in brains from alcoholics, who at autopsy had ethanol
      present in the blood, whereas alcoholics without blood ethanol levels at autopsy
      had significantly lower concentrations of salsolinol.

PMID- 4066845
TI  - Determination of plasma tranexamic acid using cation-exchange high-performance
      liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.
AB  - A procedure is described for the determination of plasma tranexamic acid
      concentrations using cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography with
      fluorescence detection following post-column derivatisation with omicron
      phthalaldehyde. The chromatographic conditions were optimised with respect to
      detector performance and the method applied to measuring the plasma tranexamic
      acid levels of patients in a double-blind trial.

PMID- 4066846
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitation of a meta-O
      dealkylated metabolite of flecainide acetate, a new antiarrhythmic.
AB  - A simple, sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic method
      has been developed to analyze meta-O-dealkylated flecainide, a major metabolite
      of flecainide acetate, in human biological fluids. Sample preparation is
      accomplished through the use of bonded-phase extraction columns and the samples
      are chromatographed on a reversed-phase system with fluorescence detection. An
      external calibration method is used for quantitation and the inter-day and intra
      day precision and accuracy are good. The method has been used to determine
      metabolite levels in samples from healthy subjects and patients with arrhythmias
      or renal impairment.

PMID- 4066847
TI  - Examination of the in vitro degradation of [14C] pentaerythritol tetranitrate in
      rat and human blood with an improved thin-layer radiochromatographic procedure.
AB  - Improvements were made on a reported thin-layer radiochromatographic assay for
      the determination of [14C]pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) and its metabolites
      in whole blood, using methanol instead of dioxane as the extracting solvent.
      Recovery of total radioactivity for the entire work-up procedure was greater than
      90%, and the distribution of PETN and its metabolites in degraded blood samples
      was found to be reproducible. This modified method appeared simpler and yielded
      better recovery of radioactivity than the literature method. In vitro metabolism
      of [14C]PETN in rat and human blood was examined by incubation of the drug with
      fresh blood at 37 degrees C for 60 min. In rat blood, the half-life of PETN
      degradation was about 15 min producing the trinitrate, dinitrate and mononitrate
      metabolites. Human blood was also capable of degrading PETN in vitro, but at a
      lower rate than rat blood, yielding only the trinitrate metabolite in
      quantifiable amounts during the incubation period. Equilibrium of PETN between
      plasma and red blood cells was observed within 1 min after PETN addition to both
      rat and human blood. The apparent plasma/red blood cells partition ratios of PETN
      were 1.1 and 1.7 for rat and human blood, respectively. PETN degradation was
      approximately ten times slower in rat plasma than in rat blood, suggesting that
      enzymes in erythrocytes are important for PETN metabolism in rat whole blood.

PMID- 4066848
TI  - Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of biologically active
      phospholipids having an sn-2-acetyl group.

PMID- 4066849
TI  - Determination of homovanillic acid in human plasma by high-performance liquid
      chromatography with electrochemical detection.

PMID- 4066850
TI  - Isolation of normal and variant human hemoglobin subunits.

PMID- 4066851
TI  - Determination of mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids in rat urine by high
      performance liquid chromatography and by isotachophoresis.

PMID- 4066852
TI  - Simultaneous measurement of prolidase and prolinase activities in erythrocytes
      using an isotachophoretic analyser.

PMID- 4066853
TI  - Determination of free choline in human semen using an isotachophoretic analyser.

PMID- 4066854
TI  - Gas chromatographic determination of pyrazoloimidazole.

PMID- 4066855
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of acyclovir in serum.

PMID- 4066856
TI  - Adriamycin-loaded albumin microspheres: qualitative assessment of drug
      incorporation and in vitro release by high-performance liquid chromatography and
      high-speed multi-diode array spectrophotometric detection.

PMID- 4066857
TI  - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic investigation of mucosal
      nucleosides and bases and urinary modified nucleosides of gastrointestinal cancer
      patients.
AB  - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to
      determine the levels of nucleosides, bases and their metabolites in perchloric
      acid extracts of gastrointestinal mucosa. By comparing the levels of these
      compounds in the normal portion with the neoplastic portion of mucosa resected
      from malignant cancer patients, it was found that there was significant elevation
      of the uracil level in the neoplastic mucosa of all eight patients with
      colorectal cancer (2.7-fold in normal mucosa), but only in the neoplastic mucosa
      of one out of four patients with gastric cancer. The levels of hypoxanthine and
      uridine in the colorectal cancer mucosa samples and the inosine in gastric cancer
      samples were also significantly higher than those in normal mucosa. The urinary
      modified nucleosides were prefractionated with a boronate affinity gel column,
      and their levels were determined by the same HPLC method. There was no
      significant difference in the concentrations of pseudouridine, 1-methylguanosine
      N2-methylguanosine and N2,N2-dimethylguanosine between urine samples taken before
      and after surgery from eight patients with malignant colorectal cancer. Contrary
      to other reports, no significant differences in modified nucleoside levels were
      observed between urine samples from patients with colorectal cancer and those
      from normal subjects.

PMID- 4066858
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of 1-(beta-D
      glucopyranosyl)phenobarbital in urine.

PMID- 4066859
TI  - Determination of suramin in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4066860
TI  - Estimation of tetrahydro, dihydro and fully oxidised pterins by high-performance
      liquid chromatography using sequential electrochemical and fluorometric
      detection.
AB  - A method is described for the separation and detection of tetrahydro, dihydro and
      fully oxidised pterins in a single chromatographic run using ion-pair reversed
      phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Tetrahydropterins are detected by
      electrochemical oxidation, dihydropterins by fluorescence following post-column
      electrochemical oxidation and the fully oxidised pterins by their natural
      fluorescence. The post-column electrochemical conversion of the non-fluorescent
      dihydropterins to fluorescent compounds is proportional to the amount injected
      over three orders of magnitude. Because of the relative selectivity of the
      fluorescence detection and the low potential required to oxidise the
      tetrahydropterins, all the oxidation species of the pterins may be measured in
      biological samples with minimal sample clean-up.

PMID- 4066861
TI  - Highly sensitive determination of 5-fluorouracil in human plasma by capillary gas
      chromatography and negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry.
AB  - A sensitive method using gas chromatography and electron-capture negative ion
      mass spectrometry for the determination of 5-fluorouracil in plasma is described.
      5-Chlorouracil was used as internal standard. Sample clean-up consisted of
      extraction of the 5-halogenated uracil derivatives with 2-propanol--diethyl ether
      (22:78, v/v) at pH 6, followed by a back-extraction into aqueous buffer at pH
      10.5. Pentafluorobenzyl derivatives of 5-fluoro- and 5-chlorouracil were prepared
      by extractive alkylation with pentafluorobenzyl bromide with dichloromethane as
      solvent and tetrabutylammonium as counter-ion. The limit of sensitivity employing
      this technique was 50 fg on-column. Quantitation in human plasma was possible
      down to 3 X 10(-9) M (0.39 ng/ml). Mass fragmentographic analysis of 5
      fluorouracil in plasma of patients after a bolus injection of 500 mg/m2 is
      presented. Plasma concentrations could be determined for at least 8 h after
      administration.

PMID- 4066862
TI  - Gas chromatographic assay with pharmacokinetic applications for monitoring T-2
      and HT-2 toxins in plasma.
AB  - A gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method for monitoring T-2 and HT-2 toxins in
      plasma was developed. The procedure involved extraction of the toxins with ethyl
      acetate, chromatography on a C18 reversed-phase column and derivatization with
      heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA). The T-2 and HT-2 HFBA derivatives were
      chromatographed on OV-17 at various temperatures and measured with an electron
      capture detector. Iso-T-2 toxin and iso-HT-2 toxin were used as internal
      standards. Recoveries averaged 95.1 +/- 8.6% for T-2 toxin and 102.1 +/- 5.2% for
      HT-2 toxin at levels ranging from 40 to 120 ng/ml. The limits of detection were
      30 and 5 ng/ml of T-2 and HT-2 toxin, respectively. The range of the assay covers
      plasma concentrations at which toxicity becomes manifest. The pharmacokinetic
      application of this GLC method is illustrated by simultaneous monitoring of T-2
      and HT-2 toxins levels in plasma obtained after intravenous administration of T-2
      toxin to a dog.

PMID- 4066863
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatographic evaluation of bencyclane in biological samples for
      pharmacokinetic and bioavailability investigations: comparison of two analytical
      methods.
AB  - Analytical conditions that allow bencyclane, a vasodilator, to be evaluated in
      biological samples for pharmacokinetic and bioavailability investigations are
      reported. Two gas chromatographic methods were developed, one employing a flame
      ionization detector, reaching a sensitivity of 0.5-1 micrograms/ml, and the other
      employing a thermionic specific detector and reaching a sensitivity of 10 ng/ml.
      The extraction recovery, reproducibility and specificity were all satisfactory
      with both methods. The former method is suitable for chemical quality controls
      and the latter has a sufficient sensitivity and reproducibility for determination
      of the drug in biological samples as required in pharmacokinetic investigations.

PMID- 4066864
TI  - Bimodal column switching liquid chromatographic assay of six metabolites of [14C]
      felodipine in rat urine.
AB  - A liquid chromatographic method using bimodal column switching is presented which
      allows for the separation of six urinary metabolites of [14C] felodipine and
      their quantification using an on-line radioactivity detector. Evaluation of the
      chromatographic conditions was performed with non-labelled reference compounds
      and UV detection. Pre-separation of the metabolites into two groups, one
      consisting of carboxylic acid metabolites and the other of the hydroxylated
      analogues, was performed on underivatized silica. The mobile phase used was
      optimized with respect to pH and the character of quaternary ammonium ion, and
      was 0.01 M tetrapropylammonium in 5% (v/v) methanol in 0.05 M phosphate buffer
      (pH 5.0). Each group was introduced and separated, after band compression, by a
      gradient of increasing methanol concentration on an octyl-bonded column. The
      analysis time was 70 min. The method was applied to urine collected from rats (n
      = 4, 0-24 h) after oral dosing of [14C] felodipine (5 mumol/kg). The urine was
      analysed with no pre-treatment other than slight dilution. The six metabolites
      accounted for 58% of the excreted amount (13% of the dose).

PMID- 4066865
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of free norepinephrine,
      epinephrine, dopamine, vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid.
AB  - A procedure is described for the concurrent assay of free norepinephrine,
      epinephrine, dopamine, vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid in
      physiological fluids using high-performance liquid chromatography with
      electrochemical detection. The column packing is an octadecyl-bonded silica. A
      single mobile phase containing 1-octanesulphonate is used for the assay of
      catecholamines and for the assay of the acidic metabolites. An efficient sample
      preparation scheme is presented for the isolation of the catecholamines and their
      acidic metabolites from the same sample aliquot. Catecholamines are extracted by
      ion exchange on small columns and adsorption on alumina, using
      dihydroxybenzylamine as an internal standard. Vanillylmandelic acid and
      homovanillic acid are recovered from the combined loading and washing effluents
      of the ion-exchange column by a solvent extraction procedure. Recovery of
      catecholamines averages 67%. The limit of detection for individual catecholamines
      is ca. 30 pg. Recoveries of vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid average
      77% and 87%, respectively. The use of the same mobile phase for the concurrent
      assay of catecholamines and their acidic metabolites considerably increases the
      throughput of samples in the chromatographic system by eliminating the time
      consuming column-equilibration periods.

PMID- 4066866
TI  - Determination of hydralazine and metabolites in urine by liquid chromatography
      with electrochemical detection.
AB  - The cyclic voltammetric behavior of hydralazine and its primary metabolites, the
      pyruvate and acetone hydrazones, was examined in the positive potential range at
      both conventional and electrochemically pretreated glassy carbon electrodes. The
      enhanced oxidations observed at the treated surface were used as the basis of
      amperometric electrochemical detection of the compounds following reversed-phase
      liquid chromatography. The detection limits so obtained at +0.75 V vs. Ag/AgCl
      (1, 3, and 5 ng injected, respectively) were comparable to those previously
      reported for absorption and fluorescence detection approaches employing
      derivatization/preconcentration procedures. For liquid chromatography with
      electrochemical detection, however, direct quantitation of all three species in
      urine samples was readily accomplished without any chemical derivatization or
      sample treatment operations other than particulate filtration.

PMID- 4066867
TI  - Determination of dexamethasone in human plasma and urine by electron-impact mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - A gas chromatographic-electron-impact mass spectrometric method for the
      determination of dexamethasone in biological fluids has been developed.
      Quantitation by isotopedilution mass spectrometry was carried out by selected-ion
      monitoring on the molecular ions of the tetra(trimethylsilyl) derivative of
      dexamethasone and of dexamethasone M+9 (m/z 680 and 689, respectively). The
      sensitivity, specificity, precision and accuracy of the method were demonstrated
      to be satisfactory for application to pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies
      of dexamethasone after administration of a therapeutic dose.

PMID- 4066868
TI  - Determination of low plasma concentrations of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene
      glycol using gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical ionization mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - Gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC-NICI
      MS) allowed the detection of extremely low plasma concentrations of 3-methoxy-4
      hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG). Glucuronide and sulphate conjugates of MHPG
      were determined after enzymatic hydrolysis of plasma with beta-glucuronidase
      arylsulphatase. A 1-ml plasma sample was extracted at the pH of the hydrolysis
      (pH 4.8) with ethyl acetate, and the dry extract was derivatized with
      pentafluoropropionic anhydride in ethyl acetate. After evaporation of the
      solvent, the residue was dissolved in benzene and an aliquot was analysed by GC
      NICI-MS. A trideuterated analogue of MHPG was used as an internal standard.
      Negative-ion chemical ionization of the pentafluoropropionyl derivatives was
      carried out using ammonia. The ion-molecule adducts at m/e 766 and 785 (MHPG) and
      m/e 769 and 788 (internal standard) were formed from the pentafluoropropionyl
      derivatives with the ions of m/e 163 (CF3CF2COO-) and m/e 144 (loss of fluorine
      from m/e 163). The concentrations of the ions of m/e 163 and 144 play a major
      role in the sensitivity and precision of this technique, which allows the
      detection of free MHPG plasma concentrations as low as 100 pg/ml in routine
      analysis.

PMID- 4066869
TI  - Measurement of imidazoleacetic acid in urine by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - Imidazoleacetic acid (IAA), a histamine and histidine metabolite, was quantified
      in human urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The acid was
      separated by ion-exchange chromatography, derivatized as the n-butyl ester with
      boron trifluoride-butanol and the derivative extracted with chloroform. GC-MS
      analysis was carried out by selected-ion monitoring of ions m/z 81 and m/z 83
      corresponding, respectively, to IAA and [15N,15N']IAA used as internal standard.
      The mean IAA content in urine was about 8.02 nmol/mg of creatinine. The
      specificity of measurement was rigorously established by GC retention time, peak
      shape, ion abundance ratios, and recovery experiments. The method is capable of
      quantifying IAA in 0.05 ml of urine and in amounts as low as 0.20 nmol.

PMID- 4066870
TI  - Extraction and fractionation of bile acids and their conjugates using pre-packed
      microparticulate silica cartridges (Sep-Pak Sil and Bond-Elut C18).
AB  - A new method for the extraction of bile acids from human plasma using
      acetonitrile precipitation of plasma protein and subsequent use of Bond-Elut C18
      cartridges is described. After extraction the bile acids can be separated into
      three fractions: unconjugated, glycine-, and taurine-conjugated, using Sep-Pak
      SIL cartridges at 4 degrees C, eluting with ethanol--chloroform--water--glacial
      acetic acid mixtures. These extraction and fractionation procedures were
      evaluated in terms of recovery, reproducibility and resolution between the
      fractions. All these parameters were found to be satisfactory. Although the
      reproducibility of fractionation on Sep-Pak SIL cartridges was found to vary
      between batches, this did not give rise to significant difficulties. Plasmas from
      normals and patients with hepatobiliary disease were analysed by capillary gas
      liquid chromatography after extraction and fractionation using the procedure
      described.

PMID- 4066871
TI  - Determination of (15R)- and (15S)-15-methylprostaglandin E2 in human plasma with
      picogram per milliliter sensitivity by column-switching high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - (15R)-15-Methylprostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a pro-drug under evaluation for the
      treatment of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and gastrointestinal
      cytoprotection. It is converted in acid (e.g., gastric fluid) to its active 15S
      epimer. Both epimers are found in human plasma at low pg/ml levels following oral
      dosing. A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for
      the simultaneous analysis of (15R)- and (15S)-15-methyl-PGE2 in human plasma. The
      method combined off-line solid-phase extraction and reversed-phase HPLC clean-up
      with panacyl bromide derivatization and subsequent analysis using a heteromodal
      column-switching technique. Assay linearity was demonstrated over a range of 10
      200 pg/ml for both 15-methyl-PGE2 epimers (r greater than or equal to 0.995).
      There were no significant inter-day differences in assay results for either
      epimer at 50 and 25 pg/ml (p greater than 0.05), with pooled estimates of
      precision at these levels producing relative standard deviations of less than or
      equal to 8% and less than or equal to 12%, respectively. The method quantitation
      limit (signal-to-noise ratio 5:1) for both epimers was 10 pg/ml when processing 3
      ml of plasma. The analysis procedure was shown to be useful for quantifying at or
      below 10% of the (15R)-15-methyl-PGE2 maximum plasma concentration following a 50
      micrograms oral dose in three human volunteers. For the same three subjects,
      however, the plasma concentration of (15S)-15-methyl-PGE2 did not exceed the
      quantitation limit of 10 pg/ml.

PMID- 4066872
TI  - Determination of intraoperative plasma catecholamine concentrations using liquid
      chromatography with electrochemical detection.
AB  - Liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was used for the
      determination of norepinephrine and epinephrine in human plasma samples obtained
      prior to, after, and six times during the course of spinal fusion surgery for the
      correction of scoliosis. The catecholamines were extracted from plasma by alumina
      adsorption and chromatographed isocratically using a reversed-phase, ion-pairing
      system. Data obtained are compared to those obtained intraoperatively by other
      authors using a radioenzymatic method, and the mechanism of sympathetic
      activation during surgery is discussed. Preliminary data using 3-micron particle
      size columns and dual-parallel electrochemical detection are presented.

PMID- 4066873
TI  - Ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatographic purification of bovine
      cardiac and rabbit skeletal muscle troponin subunits.
AB  - Bovine cardiac and rabbit skeletal troponin complexes were separated into their
      respective subunits employing high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC)
      techniques on CM-300 and Q-300 ion-exchangers. Bovine cardiac and rabbit skeletal
      subunits were separated on the strong anion-exchanger, Q-300, in 8 M urea, 50 mM
      Tris, 2 mM EGTA, 0.5 mM dithiothreitol, pH 7.5, employing a linear salt gradient
      and on the weak cation-exchanger, CM-300, in 8 M urea, 50 mM potassium dihydrogen
      phosphate, 2 mM EGTA, 0.5 mM dithiothreitol, pH 6.5, using a linear salt
      gradient. To obtain complete purification of all components of troponin both ion
      exchangers were required. The initial separation of troponin was carried out on
      the strong anion-exchanger followed by weak cation-exchange chromatography of the
      troponin I collected from the strong anion-exchange column. The troponin T
      subunits obtained from Q-300 chromatography demonstrated heterogeneity (three
      components: T1, T2 and T3) while the troponin I collected from both sources on
      the Q-300 column were both resolved into major doublets (I1 and I2) when
      rechromatographed on the CM-300 column. The three troponin T fractions and two
      troponin I fractions isolated from ion-exchange HPLC were examined by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis to confirm that the heterogeneity was due to differences in
      charge and not molecular weight. These results were in agreement with the charge
      differences observed from retention times on ion-exchange HPLC. When comparing
      the same troponin subunit from different muscle sources, considerable differences
      in the content of charged amino acid residues were also observed.

PMID- 4066874
TI  - Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of methylphenidate and p
      hydroxymethylphenidate using deuterated internal standards.
AB  - A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay is described for the simultaneous
      determination of threo-dl-methylphenidate and threo-dl-p-hydroxymethylphenidate
      in plasma and urine using selected ion monitoring of electron impact generated
      fragments of their pentafluoropropionyl derivatives. The use of recently
      available deuterated analogues as internal standards improves overall performance
      relative to previous methods. The practical limit of quantifiable detection of
      the assay is 0.5 ng/ml for both methylphenidate and p-hydroxymethylphenidate. p
      Hydroxymethylphenidate appears to be a significant urinary metabolite of
      methylphenidate in rats but not in humans.

PMID- 4066875
TI  - Quantitation of l-alpha-acetylmethadol and its metabolites in human serum by
      capillary gas-liquid chromatography and nitrogen detection.
AB  - A procedure is described for the simultaneous measurement of l-alpha
      acetylmethadol and its two pharmacologically active metabolites:
      noracetylmethadol and dinoracetylmethadol. In the method an intramolecular
      conversion reaction of the two metabolites to their amide configuration is
      utilized. The reaction is performed while the metabolites are still in the serum.
      Following solvent extraction the samples are analyzed by capillary gas-liquid
      chromatography coupled with nitrogen detection. Quantitation is achieved by
      internal standardization. The lower limit of sensitivity is 5 ng/ml in serum.
      Absolute sensitivity is 0.1 ng for all three compounds. The advantages over other
      procedures are: speed due to the single extraction step; increased recovery of
      noracetylmethadol and dinoracetylmethadol due to decreased polarity of the
      amides; greater stability of the metabolites in the amide configuration; better
      chromatographic quantitation and separation because detector response for the
      amides is greater than it is for the original configuration of the metabolites
      and the area of the chromatographic tracing is free of interfering substances.

PMID- 4066876
TI  - Rapid and simultaneous extraction of propranolol, its neutral and basic
      metabolites from plasma and assay by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the
      determination of propranolol, its neutral and basic metabolites from a single
      plasma sample. These analytes were extracted simply and efficiently by a solid
      phase extraction column based on C18 modified silica (C18 Bond-Elut).
      Propranolol, the 4-hydroxy and N-desisopropyl metabolites were separated on a mu
      Bondapak C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile--0.1% phosphoric acid.
      Propranolol glycol was selectively eluted from the C18 Bond-Elut column with
      acetonitrile and chromatographed separately with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-
      water. The recoveries of propranolol and all metabolites were greater than 78%
      with an intra-assay coefficient of variation between 4.9 and 7.3% at a
      concentration of 5-50 ng/ml. The minimum detectable levels in 1 ml of plasma were
      1.0 ng/ml propranolol, 6.0 ng/ml 4-hydroxypropranolol, 1.0 ng/ml N
      desisopropylpropranolol and 2.5 ng/ml propranolol glycol. Enzyme hydrolysis, Bond
      Elut extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that
      propranolol, the neutral and basic metabolites were extensively conjugated in dog
      plasma (propranolol 67%, 4-hydroxypropranolol 98%, N-desisopropylpropranolol 55%
      and propranolol glycol 80%). With the use of pure enzymes and a selective
      inhibitor the nature of this conjugation appeared to involve both glucuronidation
      and sulfation. The conjugation of propranolol involved mainly glucuronidation (58
      62%) compared to sulfation (7-12%), whilst that of 4-hydroxypropranolol mainly
      involved sulfation (55-65%) compared to glucuronidation (32-38%). The values for
      N-desisopropylpropranolol and propranolol glycol were 26-31% and 12% sulfation,
      16-29% and 68-85% glucuronidation, respectively.

PMID- 4066877
TI  - Two high-performance liquid chromatographic methods for quantitation of
      theophylline in plasma.
AB  - Two high-performance liquid chromatographic methods are described for the assay
      of theophylline in plasma. Both allowed the separation of theophylline from the
      caffeine metabolites, theobromine and 1,7-dimethylxanthine. Method A, using 8
      chlorotheophylline as internal standard, involved back extraction of theophylline
      from organic extract with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide. Method B used generally
      accepted solvent extraction followed by evaporation and beta
      hydroxyethyltheophylline as internal standard. High-performance liquid
      chromatographic analyses were performed on reversed-phase phenyl columns (25 X
      0.46 and 25 X 0.41 cm) using 20% methanol in 20 mM phosphate buffer at pH 5.6 for
      Method A and 2% acetonitrile and 8% methanol in 20 mM phosphate buffer for Method
      B. The column effluent was monitored at UV 273 nm. Standard curves for both
      Methods A and B were fitted by linear regression (r greater than 0.999) in the
      concentration range of 0.05-50 micrograms/ml. Either method was selective,
      accurate and reproducible over the concentration range 0.08-26 micrograms/ml.
      However, compared with Method B, Method A provided significant advantages in
      terms of simplicity, speed and efficiency.

PMID- 4066878
TI  - Determination of clobazam, N-desmethylclobazam and their hydroxy metabolites in
      plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Owing to the pharmacological and clinical importance of the determination of
      plasma and urine levels of the hydroxy metabolites of clobazam and N
      desmethylclobazam in healthy volunteers and in epileptic patients, a high
      performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed that permits the
      determination of all these compounds in the same plasma or urine sample. The
      method involved ether extraction at pH 13 with diazepam as internal standard for
      the measurement of clobazam and N-desmethylcobazam, followed by ether extraction
      at pH 9 with nitrazepam as internal standard for the measurement of the hydroxy
      derivatives. The limit of detection was about 10-20 ng/ml for each of these
      compounds. Applications to patients were limited by chromatographic interferences
      between the hydroxy metabolites and some medications currently associated with
      clobazam in the treatment of epilepsy. The only interference in clobazam and N
      desmethylclobazam analysis was from N-desmethyldiazepam. Despite these
      inconveniences, this HPLC procedure appears to be the only available method for
      the simultaneous quantification of clobazam and its three main metabolites.

PMID- 4066879
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection of gossypol
      in human plasma.
AB  - A sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic method with
      electrochemical detection for the determination of gossypol in human plasma is
      described. Glutathione is used as a protective agent and gossypol dimethyl ether
      as an internal standard. Acetonitrile-treated protein-free plasma sample is first
      introduced on to a C18 pre-column for enrichment and clean-up. By using a column
      switching technique, gossypol and the internal standard are subjected to further
      separation on a C8 analytical column, while the major interfering components are
      eliminated before entering the column. Methanol-0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 3.2)
      (80:20) is used as the mobile phase. The detector potential on the glassy carbon
      electrode is maintained at +0.6 V vs. an Ag-AgCl reference electrode. The
      linearity with human plasma ranged from 5 to 250 ng/ml. The absolute recoveries
      of gossypol and gossypol dimethyl ether were 91.3 and 97.5%, respectively, with a
      within-day precision of 2.5% and a day-to-day precision of 3.8%. The limit of
      detection is 5 ng/ml (signal-to-noise ratio = 3:1). The method is considered to
      be suitable for the clinical pharmacokinetic studies of gossypol.

PMID- 4066880
TI  - Highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic technique for the
      simultaneous measurement of histamine, 1-methylhistamine and other biogenic
      amines.

PMID- 4066881
TI  - Quantitation of tissue levels of dolichyl pyrophosphate by high-performance
      liquid chromatography on silica.

PMID- 4066883
TI  - [Rapid method for measurement of nicotine and cotinine in urine with gas
      chromatography].

PMID- 4066882
TI  - Determination of methylhippuric acid in human urine by high-performance liquid
      chromatography and by isotachophoresis.

PMID- 4066884
TI  - Determination of ryosidine in human plasma by gas-liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4066885
TI  - Determination of thiopental and pentobarbital in plasma using high-performance
      liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4066886
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of a new benzamide in
      biological fluids for use in a human pharmacokinetic study.

PMID- 4066887
TI  - Rapid determination of alminoprofen in plasma by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 4066888
TI  - Should study subjects see their previous responses?
AB  - To test the relative merits of administering questionnaires with previous
      responses available (the informed condition) or unavailable (the blind
      condition), we administered blind and informed versions of a quality of life
      questionnaire to two groups of patients. One, a group of 43 stable subjects with
      chronic cardiorespiratory disease, were seen three times at fortnightly
      intervals; a separate series of 13 patients with chronic lung disease were
      evaluated before and after optimization of therapy. In the stable patients the
      informed strategy resulted in substantial decrease in the variance in the
      measurement of dyspnea, fatigue, and of emotional function. Large improvements in
      dyspnea, fatigue, and emotional function seen in patients undergoing treatment
      optimization were comparable using blind and informed methods. These results
      suggest that by letting patients see their previous responses we can decrease the
      sample size needed to detect changes in quality of life in clinical trials.

PMID- 4066889
TI  - Planning the duration of accrual and follow-up for clinical trials.
AB  - In clinical trials, the duration of accrual and follow-up are chosen to ensure an
      adequate power to detect a specified difference at a given level of significance,
      but appropriate choices for durations of accrual and follow-up are not unique.
      Methods of determining appropriate combinations for the accrual and follow-up
      periods are given and the unique cost effective choice of accrual and follow-up
      periods is presented. The accrual period can be substantially decreased by
      including a short follow-up period. The unique cost effective duration of follow
      up depends on the ratio of the cost of accruing patients to the cost of following
      patients for end point determination.

PMID- 4066890
TI  - Seed catalogs.

PMID- 4066891
TI  - Use of the one sample t-test in the real world.

PMID- 4066892
TI  - In what sense is rheumatoid arthritis the principal cause of death? A study of
      the National Statistics Office's way of reasoning based on 1224 death
      certificates.
AB  - Physicians' inadequacies in making out death certificates involving rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA) and the coders' reasons for not registering physicians' stated
      underlying cause as the underlying cause of death were investigated. The starting
      point of the study was a disagreement between physicians' reporting of RA on
      death certificates and the Swedish National Central Bureau of Statistics' (NCBS)
      registration of this condition, to the effect that the NCBS registered a 3.0-fold
      increase in mortality for women and a 2.7-fold increase for men attributed to RA
      between 1971 and 1975, whereas the physicians had reported practically no change
      at all for women and a slight decrease for men between the years. All Swedish RA
      death certificates for the years 1971 and 1975 were studied. A total of 1224 such
      certificates were identified. Four major qualifications for the coders to reject
      physicians' non-RA underlying cause, and for giving preference to RA in the
      registration of the underlying cause of death were discerned: RA appeared to have
      been favoured to the greatest extent by the NCBS (i) when RA was likely to have
      caused the reported underlying condition; (ii) when there is only one, non-RA,
      diagnosis reported in Part I of the certificate, and this diagnosis does not
      completely describe the train of events leading to death; (iii) when the
      diagnosis for the non-RA underlying condition provides less precise information
      about the site or nature of the underlying condition, compared with another
      diagnosis for another condition, RA, stated on the certificate; or (iv) when the
      reported non-RA underlying condition was unlikely itself to cause death, and was
      not reported as a cause of a more serious condition. The NCBS' increased
      registration of RA as the underlying cause of death between 1971 and 1975 could
      be explained neither by physicians' inadequacies in making out death certificates
      nor by a strict application of the international coding rules for registration of
      the underlying cause of death.

PMID- 4066893
TI  - Formal education as a marker for increased mortality and morbidity in rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - Increased mortality and morbidity was seen in association with lower formal
      educational levels in 75 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients over 9 years. Nine of
      the 20 patients with 8 or fewer years of education had died, compared to 10 of 34
      with 9-12 years of education, and only one of 21 with more than 12 years of
      education. Among survivors with functional capacity data available from baseline
      and 9 year review, declines greater than 20% were seen in 8 of 10, 13 of 21, and
      9 of 19 patients in the three education categories. Overall, 79% of grade-school
      educated, 43% of high-school educated, and 20% of college-educated patients had
      either died or declined more than 50% in functional capacity. Patients of
      different formal educational levels were similar at baseline in age, duration of
      disease, measures of functional capacity, number of involved hand joints, number
      of severe radiographic changes, use of gold, oral corticosteroids or other
      therapies, and associations between formal educational level and disease course
      are not explained by these variables. Formal educational level appears a simple
      quantitative marker which identifies a surrogate or composite variable associated
      with increased mortality and morbidity in RA.

PMID- 4066894
TI  - Factors affecting cigarette smoking status in patients with ischemic heart
      disease.
AB  - To determine the factors affecting cigarette smoking status after the development
      of ischemic heart disease, 200 patients were studied who were hospitalized with a
      coronary event and enrolled in a cardiac rehabilitation program. There were
      significantly more current smokers (55%) among the 96 patients hospitalized with
      an initial presentation of a coronary event as compared to the percent of current
      smokers (34%) among the 104 patients hospitalized with a recurrent coronary event
      (p less than 0.01). In addition to the occurrence of a prior event, increasing
      age also significantly discriminated ex-cigarette smokers from current smokers.
      Among the patients with a recurrent event ex-smokers (44%) and current smokers
      (34%) differed significantly with respect to age, education, occupation, negative
      attitudes towards smoking and peak number of cigarettes smoked. Two models were
      developed which were able to correctly classify 61.7 and 69.1% of the patients
      with regard to smoking status.

PMID- 4066895
TI  - [Immunological control of homeostasis. The activation of immune system during
      liver regeneration and its role in vivo].

PMID- 4066896
TI  - [Studies on the measurement of antibody to streptococcal cell wall peptidoglycan
      in rat and human serum using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)].

PMID- 4066897
TI  - [Theoretical analysis based on computer simulation for hydrogen clearance method
      applying electrolysis].

PMID- 4066898
TI  - [Effects of calcium antagonists on conduction delay in myocardial ischemia and
      reperfusion].

PMID- 4066899
TI  - [Studies on plasma-kinin in intestinal obstruction with special reference to the
      relationship between kinin and endotoxemia].

PMID- 4066900
TI  - [Bacteriological study on specimens from Department of Emergency and Critical
      Care Medicine (DECCM), Nippon Medical School. Staphylococcus aureus as viewed
      from the standpoint of hospital infection].

PMID- 4066901
TI  - [Diagnostic imagings of abdominal injury].

PMID- 4066902
TI  - A case of mycoplasmal pneumonia secondary to measles pneumonia. With some
      observations on 20 hospitalized patients with mycoplasmal pneumonia in 1984.

PMID- 4066903
TI  - Immunogenicity of inactivated influenza vaccine containing A/Niigata/102/81
      (H3N2). Increase of HAI antibodies to different variants of the subtype.

PMID- 4066904
TI  - Developing issues in clinical neuropsychology.
AB  - The foundations of Neuropsychology lie in the fields of behavioral neuroscience,
      applied psychological evaluation, and behavioral neurological investigation.
      These areas have provided increasing sophistication about the nature of the
      relationship between changes in brain function and human behavior. Continuing
      developments in these fields will provide the foundation upon which our applied
      activities rest and from which they take their scientific validity. The use of
      neuropsychological evaluative tools as aids in understanding the consequences of
      subtle and, in many instances, not primarily neurological medical illnesses
      represents a threshold of investigation and clinical application. The sensitivity
      of clinical neuropsychological tools to disruptions in brain function, previously
      left unrecognized in individuals who have sustained neurological injury or
      illness, represents the second threshold issue. Yet another threshold issue is
      the use of neuropsychological investigation as a preventive tool and as an early
      warning signal for the appreciation of a broad range of risk factors encountered
      by individuals not typically thought of as potential patients for
      neuropsychologists. This article discusses the growing use of neuropsychological
      tools to understand the broader range of human behavioral difficulties and human
      medical consequences.

PMID- 4066905
TI  - Neuropsychological impairment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Fourteen younger (ages 6 to 10 years) and 11 older (ages 11 to 16 years) Duchenne
      Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) patients were tested with the WISC-R and
      neuropsychological language, visual-motor, and motor tasks. Older boys had an
      average IQ; younger boys were in the low average IQ range. Younger DMD boys were
      inferior to the older DMD group on tasks requiring some language and attentional
      organizational skills, but not on visual-motor tasks. Older DMD boys were
      inferior on motor tasks. Results suggest that the reported low cognitive skills
      in DMD patients are not fixed or global, but reflect selective deficits in the
      younger boys. Possible bases for age differences in performance are discussed.

PMID- 4066906
TI  - Sensitivity of age-decline resistant ("hold") WAIS subtests to Alzheimer's
      disease.
AB  - WAIS age-decline-resistant ("hold") and age-decline-sensitive ("don't hold")
      subtests were both effective in discriminating 25 patients with Alzheimer-type
      dementia (DAT) from 25 normal elderly subjects who were matched on age,
      education, and sex. We found that global ratings of severity of dementia
      correlated significantly with the WAIS Information and Digit Symbol subtests, but
      not with memory test scores. These data indicate that (1) the practice of
      estimating premorbid ability based on current "hold" test performance should be
      abandoned, and (2) the utility of memory tests is greatest for initial diagnosis
      of DAT, while WAIS cognitive variables may be more useful in evaluating DAT
      severity.

PMID- 4066907
TI  - Effects of hemisphere-specific stimulation on brain activity and reading in
      dyslexics.
AB  - Dyslexic readers, classified as L-types or P-types, received direct or indirect
      stimulation of the right (L-types) or left (P-types) hemisphere. Direct
      stimulation was produced by presenting words in the left (L-types) or right (P
      types) visual field. Indirect stimulation took place through the presentation of
      visual-perceptual (L-types) or phonetic (P-types) demanding texts. Analyses of
      event-related potentials (ERP), elicited by centrally presented words, revealed
      the component reflecting P250 activity to be asymmetrically affected by
      experimental vs. control treatments. Treatment effects on scholastic achievement
      were shown in L-type dyslexics who had received direct stimulation of their right
      hemisphere and in P-type dyslexics whose left hemisphere had been indirectly
      stimulated. Training-induced electrical changes in brain asymmetry correlated
      with changes in measures of reading accuracy and speed. The set of findings
      replicated most of the results of a previous study (Bakker, Moerland, & Goekoop
      Hoefkens, 1981).

PMID- 4066908
TI  - Intelligence after early brain injury. I: Predicting IQ scores from medical
      variables.
AB  - To study how psychometric intelligence is related to early brain damage, the
      medical histories and Wechsler IQ scores of 407 subjects were analysed by
      multiple regression techniques. The study separated those medical variables that
      predicted IQ from those that did not, estimated the relative importance of the
      predictor variables as modifying influences on intelligence, and established the
      overall predictive power of significant variable sets. Intelligence varied with
      some aspects of brain damage but not with others. There was no single predictor
      of intelligence; instead, there were sets of predictors that operated in contexts
      of varying width and definition, each set having a different level of predictive
      power. Intelligence itself was diverse, with different predictive sets for Full
      Scale, Verbal, and Performance IQ. An analysis of the pattern and magnitude of
      the nonpredictive and predictive medical variables, and of the predictor
      variables vis-a-vis each other, reveals some of the principles by which verbal
      and nonverbal intelligence are represented in the young damaged brain.

PMID- 4066909
TI  - Intelligence after early brain injury. II: IQ scores of subjects classified on
      the basis of medical history variables.
AB  - The problem of multivariate classification in early brain-damaged individuals was
      addressed by generating a typology based on various dimensions of brain damage,
      and by describing the consequences for intelligence of membership in the
      typology. More than 100 medical-history variables were expressed as a small set
      of factors that represented common patterns of medical variables; subjects were
      clustered on the basis of all these factors considered simultaneously, rather
      than on any single variable or set of variables; and the IQ scores of the subject
      clusters were compared. The results provide both a descriptive account of
      intelligence in most of the frequently occurring forms of early brain insult and
      allow a set of inferences to be drawn about the neural basis of intelligence in
      the young damaged brain.

PMID- 4066910
TI  - Characterization of "Campylobacter pyloridis" by culture, enzymatic profile, and
      protein content.
AB  - "Campylobacter pyloridis" has been recently described as a gastritis-associated
      bacterium. We studied 20 strains. The bacteria had most of the characteristics of
      Campylobacter spp. strains. They were hippurate negative and tolerant to
      triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (at 0.4 and 1 mg/ml). They grew on all the media
      commonly used in laboratories, although chocolate agar was the most effective for
      isolation. They grew in a microaerophilic atmosphere as well as in an atmosphere
      enriched in CO2 and when incubated at 37 degrees C but not at 30 or 42 degrees C.
      A total of 31 enzymes were present among the 78 studied. gamma-Glutamyl
      transpeptidase activity was, in addition to urea hydrolysis, an interesting
      feature for the identification of these bacteria. The protein profiles of the 20
      strains were similar.

PMID- 4066911
TI  - Antibiotypes of Bacteroides gingivalis assessed by antimicrobial disks and
      multivariate analysis.
AB  - Antibiograms with 20 different antimicrobial disks were studied for antibiotyping
      of Bacteroides gingivalis isolates. The stability of the antibiotypes was tested
      by passage in mice. Several B. gingivalis isolates of the same subject were used
      to investigate the presence of different antibiotypes in one individual, while
      isolates from different subjects were used to investigate individual differences.
      The antibiotypes were found to remain stable after animal passage. All tested
      strains of different origin represented different antibiotypes. The isolates from
      one subject all belonged to the same antibiotype. Principal component analysis of
      the data showed that two factors were important in the discrimination of the
      strains of B. gingivalis. One included beta-lactam antimicrobial agents that
      affect the cell wall. The other included antimicrobial agents that inhibit
      synthesis of protein and nucleic acid. Both principal component analysis and
      discriminant analysis proved to be of great use in the reduction of the amount of
      data and the visualization of the relations between different antibiotypes of B.
      gingivalis in a linear map. Among the investigated subjects, different
      antibiotypes of B. gingivalis were found, indicating that in the mouth of an
      individual, one antibiotype of B. gingivalis predominates and that different
      persons harbor different antibiotypes of B. gingivalis.

PMID- 4066912
TI  - Association of slime with pathogenicity of coagulase-negative staphylococci
      causing nosocomial septicemia.
AB  - To assess the role of slime in the pathogenesis of nosocomial bloodstream
      infections caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci, we compared the
      characteristics of 27 nosocomial bloodstream isolates with those of 27 skin
      isolates from non-hospital personnel. Of 27 bloodstream isolates, 14 were judged
      to be significant by a clinical index, and 13 were contaminants. Slime production
      was observed in 13 of 14 significant isolates but in only 3 of 13 contaminants (P
      = 0.0003) and 4 of 27 skin isolates (P = 0.0001). The 14 pathogens were
      identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis. Only 7 of 13 contaminants and 9 of 27
      skin isolates belonged to the same species (P less than 0.006). Slime-producing
      strains of S. epidermidis represented 13 of 14 pathogens but only 2 of 13
      contaminants (P less than 0.0003). Neither adherence to Teflon catheters nor
      phagocytosis and killing of coagulase-negative staphylococci by polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes was significantly influenced by slime production. Nevertheless, the
      identity of the organism and the slime production test predicted the clinical
      significance of blood isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci with an
      overall accuracy of 89%.

PMID- 4066913
TI  - Characterization of nutritionally variant streptococci by biochemical tests and
      penicillin-binding proteins.
AB  - A comparative study of 60 strains of nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS)
      with 34 strains of Streptococcus mitis and 37 strains of Streptococcus sanguis II
      showed the presence of a red chromophore which was absent in the other
      streptococcal species. By using the conventional microbiological tests, only
      small differences were found between the NVS and the two other related species.
      In contrast a clear-cut delineation was found by the API 20 Strep system of
      identification. All NVS contained pyrrolidonylarylamidase, an enzyme which was
      absent in S. mitis and S. sanguis II strains, and lacked the alkaline phosphatase
      enzyme which was present in 56% of S. mitis strains and 62% of S. sanguis II
      strains. According to the additional enzymatic and biochemical tests of the API
      20 Strep system, there were three biotypes among NVS. The major biotype included
      33 of 60 strains which were characterized by the presence of both alpha- and beta
      galactosidases and the capacity to hydrolyze trehalose. This biotype also showed
      a specific pattern of penicillin-binding proteins. These results show that NVS
      are recognized as a separate variety distinct from S. mitis and S. sanguis II
      species, despite some common biochemical properties. Moreover, the delineation of
      33 strains with a specific biotype and a specific penicillin-binding protein
      pattern strongly suggests that a large part of NVS strains belong to an
      individual species.

PMID- 4066914
TI  - Characterization of a Yersinia enterocolitica antigen common to enterocolitis
      associated serotypes.
AB  - Yersinia enterocolitica synthesized an exocellular antigen common to the
      serotypes associated with enterocolitis but absent from other serotypes or from
      other Yersinia species. Both virulent Ca2+-dependent and avirulent Ca2+
      independent isogenic pairs derived from the enterocolitis-associated serotypes
      synthesized the common antigen. Requirements for the synthesis of this common
      antigen were (i) the presence of metabolizable sugars and (ii) growth on a solid
      medium at 37 degrees C. The antigen was identified as a 24,000-dalton protein
      loosely associated with the cell surface but absent from either the cell envelope
      or the cytoplasmic fraction.

PMID- 4066915
TI  - Method for the isolation of highly purified Salmonella flagellins.
AB  - Ten different Salmonella serotypes were grown in a chemically defined medium
      supplemented with 0.01% yeast extract. After sedimentation of the cells by
      centrifugation, flagella were detached by exposure to pH 2 for 30 min at room
      temperature. The flagellaless cells were removed by centrifugation, and the
      flagellin in the supernatant was further purified by high-speed centrifugation,
      ammonium sulfate precipitation, and dialysis in 50,000-molecular-weight-cutoff
      tubing. The 10 flagellin preparations were of a high degree of purity, as
      demonstrated by electron microscopy, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, and measurement of salmonella H and O agglutination titers of
      antisera raised in rabbits with the flagellin preparations as immunogens.

PMID- 4066916
TI  - Microneutralization test for respiratory syncytial virus based on an enzyme
      immunoassay.
AB  - Virus infectivity and antibody neutralization titers for respiratory syncytial
      virus were determined in cell cultures in microtiter plates. After an appropriate
      incubation period, the cells were fixed, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      was performed directly in the microtiter plates for detection of virus. Results
      could be read and recorded automatically, which is especially helpful when
      running large numbers of tests.

PMID- 4066917
TI  - Fatal Legionella maceachernii pneumonia.
AB  - Legionella maceachernii, previously isolated only from the environment, was shown
      to be a cause of fatal pneumonia in an immunocompromised patient.

PMID- 4066918
TI  - Intravenous catheter-associated fungemia due to Candida rugosa.
AB  - We report a case of intravenous catheter-associated fungemia caused by Candida
      rugosa; this is the first report of such an infection in a human. Multiple
      cultures of blood taken over a 24-h period and of the intravenous catheter tip
      were positive for this unusual isolate. The patient was treated with intravenous
      amphotericin B and made an uneventful recovery. Intravenous cannulae and other
      intravascular devices are well recognized as potential sites of intravascular
      infection by a variety of microorganisms, including several Candida species;
      however, fungemia caused by C. rugosa has not been reported.

PMID- 4066919
TI  - Variation in complement fixation test results with three Histoplasma capsulatum
      yeast phase antigens.
AB  - Antigens derived from three different yeast strains of Histoplasma capsulatum (GW
      and VC used by the Veterans Administration Serology Reference Laboratory and the
      Centers for Disease Control reference antigen, A811) were compared with each
      other to determine their equivalency. Results from 200 sera, tested concurrently
      by the Serology Reference Laboratory and the University of Kentucky Mycoserology
      Laboratory, indicated that the VC yeast antigen gave better correlation to the
      A811 antigen than did the GW antigen.

PMID- 4066920
TI  - Comparison of ortho respiratory syncytial virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      and HEp-2 cell culture.
AB  - Two hundred seventy nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested in duplicate with the
      Ortho Diagnostics, Inc. (Raritan, N.J.), respiratory syncytial virus antigen
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The test was sensitive (80 to 82%) and
      specific (96%) when compared with cell culture. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay detected seven antigen-positive specimens not among the 71 specimens that
      were positive for respiratory syncytial virus in cell culture. A blocking test
      confirmed those specimens as true positives (specificity, 100%).

PMID- 4066922
TI  - Nosocomial Pseudomonas pickettii colonization associated with a contaminated
      respiratory therapy solution in a special care nursery.
AB  - Pseudomonas pickettii caused respiratory tract colonization in five infants in
      the special care nursery of a Chicago hospital. All organisms had the same
      antimicrobial susceptibilities. Endotracheal suctioning with saline from 5-ml
      unit-dose vials was identified by epidemiologic investigation as a risk factor
      for colonization. The vials of saline were contaminated with a strain of P.
      pickettii having the same antimicrobial susceptibility pattern as the isolates
      from patients. As part of an investigation of the manufacturing plant where the
      saline solution was produced, P. pickettii was recovered from deionized water
      used to make the product and from several sites in the processing line. Bypassing
      of a 180 degrees F (ca. 82 degrees C) water-holding tank appeared to be
      temporally related to product contamination. The ability of P. pickettii to
      survive and grow in this solution has been demonstrated in the laboratory. This
      outbreak demonstrates that, despite pertinent Food and Drug Administration
      regulations and company programs for identifying such contamination,
      intrinsically contaminated solutions can occasionally reach the bedside of the
      patient.

PMID- 4066921
TI  - Quantitation of HeLa cell monolayer invasion by Shigella and Salmonella species.
AB  - A major determinant in the virulence of Salmonella and Shigella spp. is the
      ability of these organisms to invade epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal
      mucosa and multiply intracellularly. The invasion of cell culture monolayers is a
      convenient experimental system to evaluate eucaryotic cell penetration and is
      correlated with the potential of a strain to cause human disease. We have
      developed an agarose-L agar overlay technique which allows for the convenient
      quantitation of the number of infected tissue culture cells in a monolayer.
      Bacterial strains were introduced onto antibiotic-free HeLa cell monolayers.
      Infected monolayers were washed, and noninternalized bacteria were
      counterselected with kanamycin (50 micrograms/ml). The number of infected HeLa
      cells present was determined by overlaying the monolayer with distilled water
      agarose (0.5 to 1.5%) followed by an equal volume of 2X L agar. Bacterial
      colonies formed over infected cells in 24 h at 37 degrees C, and wells were
      counted with a dissecting microscope under X2 power. Bacterial colonies were not
      observed with noninvasive variants of Shigella spp. To obtain countable wells (20
      to 200 CFU) the multiplicity of infection or invasion times were adjusted. With a
      90-min invasion time, the invasive potential of a strain was reflected by the
      multiplicity of infection needed to produce countable wells. The quantitation of
      bacterium-invaded cells by using standard bacteriological methods is a convenient
      and rapid method to evaluate the invasive potential of bacterial strains.
      Additionally, parameters essential for the invasive process can easily be
      investigated.

PMID- 4066923
TI  - Mode of growth of bacterial pathogens in chronic polymicrobial human
      osteomyelitis.
AB  - Direct examination of material from two cases of persistent (2 and 60 years)
      osteomyelitis by morphological and culture techniques showed that the pathogens
      comprised several bacterial species whose cells grew predominantly in discrete
      exopolysaccharide-enclosed microcolonies made up of a single bacterial
      morphotype. Bacterial microcolonies were seen between tissue elements in infected
      connective tissue, and the microcolonies adherent to bone surfaces coalesced to
      form extensive biofilms that occluded the surfaces of dead bone in sequestrae.
      Decalcification techniques were required to examine the interior of infected
      bone, but recognizable remnants were associated with very large amounts of
      fibrous, ruthenium red-stained material. All bacterial growth in these persistent
      infections occurred within an intercellular matrix, and some elements of this
      matrix, which was fibrous in transmission electron microscopy and amorphous in
      scanning electron microscopy, were associated with the surfaces of bacterial
      cells in a manner that suggested their production by these organisms. All of the
      implications of this microcolony mode of bacterial growth in osteomyelitis, and
      in other chronic bacterial diseases, have yet to be determined.

PMID- 4066924
TI  - Characterization of Haemophilus spp. isolated from healthy swine and evaluation
      of cross-reactivity of complement-fixing antibodies to Haemophilus
      pleuropneumoniae and Haemophilus taxon "minor group".
AB  - Of 30 sows from a herd believed to be free of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae
      infection, 2 had complement-fixing antibodies to H. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5.
      Necropsy and microbiological examination of the two sows revealed no evidence of
      H. pleuropneumoniae infection; however, Haemophilus taxon "minor group" and a
      urease-negative, indole-positive Haemophilus sp. were isolated from numerous
      respiratory tract sites in both sows. Isolation of these Haemophilus spp. was
      facilitated by serially diluting specimens in two broth media. Pigs from a
      closed, respiratory disease-free herd were inoculated with four strains of
      Haemophilus taxon "minor group" to determine whether the organism induces
      antibodies which cross-react with H. pleuropneumoniae in the complement fixation
      test. Antigenic heterogeneity among the taxon "minor group" strains was apparent;
      however, antibodies cross-reacting between these strains and H. pleuropneumoniae
      serotypes 1 through 5 and 7 were not detected.

PMID- 4066925
TI  - Humoral immunity against Francisella tularensis after natural infection.
AB  - Forty-two subjects with acute tularemia were studied for the occurrence of C
      reactive protein (CRP), and 73 subjects with acute tularemia or experience of the
      disease within the last 11 years were studied for immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA,
      and IgG class-specific antibodies, agglutinating antibodies, and complement
      fixing antibodies to Francisella tularensis by using an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the tube agglutination test, and a complement-fixing
      ELISA. The incubation time between infection and the outbreak of symptoms varied
      from 1 to 10 days, averaging 6.5 days. Elevated CRP concentrations were found in
      all samples taken in the first 6 days of illness, when the antibodies generally
      were absent. The highest CRP values, up to 165 mg/liter, occurred in the earliest
      samples and then decreased rapidly, being undetectable (less than 1 mg/liter)
      from 1 month after the onset of symptoms. Simultaneous though individually
      varying formation of IgM, IgA, and IgG class-specific antibodies to F. tularensis
      was demonstrable by ELISA in all the tularemia patients during the acute stage.
      In most cases, these antibodies appeared 6 to 10 days after the onset of
      symptoms, i.e., about 2 weeks after infection, reached their highest values at 4
      to 7 weeks, and, despite a decreasing trend in their level, were still present
      0.5 to 11 years after onset of tularemia, as demonstrable by the agglutination
      test and by the complement-fixing ELISA. Of the three methods used, ELISA for
      IgM, IgA, and IgG proved to be the most efficient for the early serodiagnosis of
      tularemia.

PMID- 4066926
TI  - Reconstruction of the contractile apparatus of striated muscle. I. Muscle
      maintained in extension.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the contractile apparatus was observed in muscles
      maintained in excessive extension, i.e. in conditions in which an increase takes
      place in the number of sarcomeres. Rat leg muscles (soleus, extensor digitorum
      longus and gastrocnemius) were studied, at variable time intervals in the range 3
      7 days. Several irregularities were found in the contractile structure. The most
      frequent were the variability of sarcomere length, the appearance of 'extra'
      sarcomeres, irregularities of the Z-line (including Z-band 'streaming') and A
      bands of abnormal length. The character of these irregularities depended on the
      muscle fibre type. Variations of the Z-line were seen mostly within continuously
      working fibres, especially slow ones, while anomalies in the size of the A-band
      and variability of the sarcomere length were more pronounced in fast fibres. All
      these irregularities appearing in the muscles maintained in excessive extension
      were also occasionally found in control muscles. The reasons for these
      contractile structure irregularities, and their possible significance for
      contractile structure reorganization, are discussed.

PMID- 4066927
TI  - Unusual fast myosin isozyme pattern in the lateral gastrocnemius of the chicken.
AB  - The myosin isozyme composition of the lateral gastrocnemius muscle of the chicken
      leg was investigated during various stages of development utilizing non
      denaturing pyrophosphate gel electrophoresis, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
      and peptide mapping techniques. An unusual isoform pattern for fast myosin in the
      lateral gastrocnemius muscle of the adult chicken leg was demonstrated which
      consisted of a predominance of myosin homodimers and lesser amounts of myosin
      heterodimer. In addition, a different myosin heavy chain isoform was present in
      the adult chicken lateral gastrocnemius muscle when compared to other adult fast
      twitch muscles. While the adult lateral gastrocnemius muscle contained a
      different myosin heavy chain isoform from other adult fast-twitch muscles, the
      embryonic lateral gastrocnemius muscle contained a myosin heavy chain identical
      to that of the embryonic pectoralis major.

PMID- 4066928
TI  - How actin filament polarity affects crossbridge force in doubly-overlapped insect
      muscle.
AB  - We wished to find out why the internal resistance to shortening, which is
      negligible above rest length, becomes progressively more important with
      shortening below rest length. For this reason the movement of detached actin
      filaments in isometric sarcomeres treated with activating solution has been
      studied in insect flight muscle after breaking the filaments from the Z lines by
      stretching fibres in rigor. Evidence of sliding motion of such filaments has been
      produced by experimentally inducing double overlap zones in activating solution.
      It was deduced that the forces generated by individual crossbridges are
      comparable to the internal resistance to relative filament motion. Furthermore
      the final position of broken actin filaments indicated that wrongly polarized
      actin slides freely past activated crossbridges, but prevents these same bridges
      from exerting force on adjacent correctly polarized actin. Apparently only those
      bridges which are located in the normal overlap zones can generate effective
      force. It is therefore probable that the isometric tension is directly
      proportional to the number of bridges overlapped in the normal overlap zones for
      any sarcomere length equal to or greater than the thick filament length.

PMID- 4066929
TI  - Molecular heterogeneity of histochemical fibre types: a comparison of fast
      fibres.
AB  - The relationship between histochemical fibre type and contractile protein
      expression was analysed in three rabbit skeletal muscles, the erector spinae, the
      plantaris and the diaphragm. A procedure for staining fibre bundles was developed
      using the same histochemical methods as those for typing fibres in cross-section.
      This allowed pretyped fibres to be selected and their molecular composition to be
      analysed by gel electrophoresis. The balance of expression of the two predominant
      fast troponin species, TnT1f and TnT2f, and alpha and beta tropomyosin subunits
      were studied in type IIA and IIB fast fibres. Type IIA fibres exhibited a
      restricted pattern of thin filament expression, exhibited TnT1f and both
      tropomyosin subunits in all three muscles. The expression in type IIB fibres,
      however, ranges from predominantly TnT2f and the alpha tropomyosin subunit in the
      erector spinae to TnT1f with both alpha and beta subunits in the diaphragm. These
      results indicate that there is not a simple one-to-one relationship between the
      fast muscle fibre subtypes and the expression of different thin filament protein
      isoforms.

PMID- 4066930
TI  - Superelongation in helical muscles of leeches.
AB  - The fine structure of leech body wall muscles, has been analysed under great
      length variations. All the measurable parameters of the fibre (distance between
      thick filaments, sarcomere and A band width, percentage of actin crowns around
      myosin filaments, fibre radius) at different elongations were tested with
      equations describing the geometrical model of helical fibres. Anaesthetized and
      nonanaesthetized worms behave in different ways and can be utilized to verify the
      'changing partner hypothesis'. The fit between theoretical and experimental data
      suggests that a double change of partner actually takes place in extremely
      stretched fibres.

PMID- 4066931
TI  - Proceedings of the Contractility Sub-group of the American Biophysical Society.
      Mechanical approaches to the elucidation of the crossbridge cycle. Baltimore, 24
      28 February 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4066932
TI  - Is progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with intrathecal IgG
      synthesis?
AB  - Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing was done in 2
      cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The diagnosis was
      confirmed at autopsy in one case. IgG oligoclonal bands were found in both,
      suggesting that there was intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis. Production may be
      due to a specific intrathecal response to papova virus or to IgG oligoclonal
      formation by lymphoma cells confined to the central nervous system or to a
      specific immune response to tumor cell antigens.

PMID- 4066933
TI  - Chiari medial displacement osteotomy.
AB  - The results of 36 Chiari medial displacement osteotomies of the pelvis were
      studied to determine the efficacy of the operation in the treatment of subluxated
      and/or painful dysplastic hips. Fifteen of 16 osteotomies performed for
      congenital hip dysplasia provided satisfactory coverage, pain relief, and
      increased function. The results were less consistent in patients with
      myelodysplasia, spasticity, and Perthes disease. The Chiari osteotomy is a
      technically exacting procedure capable of providing adequate femoral head
      coverage. This coverage facilitates pain relief and increased function. This
      procedure is most suited for those individuals with a painful hip subluxation in
      whom a concentric reduction is not possible.

PMID- 4066934
TI  - Subluxation of the hip joint during femoral lengthening.
AB  - Three cases of subluxation of the hip joint occurred during femoral lengthening
      using the Wagner technique. This infrequent complication, which may result from a
      conflict of force vectors at the hip joint during lengthening, can, when left
      untreated, nullify the benefits of such a procedure. We suggest that increased
      awareness and closer monitoring can improve the prognosis for patients undergoing
      this course of therapy, especially where a previous hip operation has been
      performed.

PMID- 4066935
TI  - Combined innominate and femoral osteotomy for the treatment of severe Legg-Calve
      Perthes disease.
AB  - Nine patients who underwent combined innominate and femoral osteotomy for the
      treatment of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease were evaluated. All had Catterall group
      III or IV involvement, the average number of radiographic "head-at-risk" signs
      was 3.2, and the average epiphyseal extrusion was 26%. At an average follow-up of
      50.5 months, the clinical results were seven good and two fair. The radiographic
      results were four good, four fair, and one poor. We believe this procedure is
      indicated in the older patient with severe Perthes disease in whom femoral head
      subluxation or deformity makes containment difficult or impossible by more
      conventional methods.

PMID- 4066936
TI  - Long-term prognosis of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease developing during adolescence.
AB  - Legg-Calve-Perthes disease rarely develops during adolescence. However, when it
      does, its long-term course is always disabling. Thirteen patients whose age at
      diagnosis ranged from 13 to 15 years were followed up from a minimum of 7 years
      to a maximum of 42 years (average follow-up 27.6 years). At diagnosis, eight hips
      were Catterall group II, five group III, and one group IV. All the patients
      developed pain and restriction of motion of the affected hip between the end of
      treatment and 39 years of age, and two of them underwent radical surgical
      procedures. At follow-up, 10 hips that were radiographed showed signs of
      osteoarthritis.

PMID- 4066937
TI  - Pinning of the slipped upper femoral epiphysis--a trouble-free procedure?
AB  - A retrospective review has been performed of the operative complications of
      pinning the slipped upper femoral epiphysis. Eighty-three hips in 64 patients
      were reviewed. A complication rate of 34% was found for the initial operation.
      The overall incidence of complications for the pin removal operation was 19%, but
      it was much higher if threaded pins had been used (p less than 0.001). Although
      many of the complications were minor, one-third necessitated further surgery. It
      is suggested that prophylactic pinning in situ of the opposite hip and the use of
      threaded pins should be reviewed. In addition, alternative procedures such as
      epiphysiodesis may deserve further consideration.

PMID- 4066938
TI  - Epiphysiodesis in slipped capital femoral epiphysis: a comparison of various
      surgical modalities.
AB  - This retrospective study surveys patients treated between 1960 and 1978 for
      slipped capital femoral epiphyses. The parameters reported are fusion time, blood
      replacement, hospitalization time, aseptic necrosis, cartilage necrosis, and
      complications. Twenty-eight hips (24 patients) were treated by pinning, and three
      hips (three patients) were treated by Smith-Petersen nails. The Heyman or Howorth
      bone pegging procedures were performed in 48 hips in 41 patients. The average
      fusion time was 9.4 months for hips treated with Knowles pins, 3.7 months for
      Hagie or Tachdjian pins, and 4.8 months for bone pegging procedures. Blood loss,
      hospitalization time, surgical scars, and duration of anesthesia were greater for
      the bone pegging procedures.

PMID- 4066939
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of pediatric hip disease.
AB  - The efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of pediatric
      hip disease was tested by scanning the hips of 24 children (30 scans). Twelve
      patients with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (17 hips) showed characteristic areas of
      low-intensity signal representative of necrotic areas of the capital epiphysis.
      Abnormal scans were also obtained on patients with transient synovitis, avascular
      necrosis secondary to steroids, epiphyseal dysplasia, and multiple
      osteochondromatosis. MRI accurately shows articular cartilage, femoral head
      shape, quality of containment, and areas of necrosis in pediatric hips. The
      extent of involvement and revascularization can be identified in Legg-Calve
      Perthes disease.

PMID- 4066940
TI  - Adductor release in nonambulant children with cerebral palsy.
AB  - Historically, nonambulatory children with cerebral palsy represent a "group at
      risk" for spastic hip dislocation. We reviewed the effectiveness of adductor
      release and anterior obturator neurectomy in treating 86 hips at risk in 50
      nonambulatory children. Results were judged by comparing the migration
      percentages measured on the preoperative, early postoperative, and final
      postoperative radiographs. Adductor release succeeded in preventing hip
      dislocation and obviating the need for further surgery in 80% of cases. Patients
      with preoperative uncoverage exceeding 50% were found to be at greater risk for
      deterioration of femoral head coverage despite adductor release. Unilateral
      adductor release had a negative effect on the nonoperated hip.

PMID- 4066941
TI  - Equinus deformity in cerebral palsy: a retrospective analysis of treatment and
      function in 39 cases.
AB  - Equinus deformity, due to a contracture of the triceps surae, is a frequent
      problem in cerebral palsy. The authors present a retrospective analysis of the
      functional status of 27 patients (39 feet) of equinus deformity seen in a 10-year
      follow-up study. When either a Hoke or White tendo Achillis surgical lengthening
      procedure was combined with a postoperative management program of night-bracing,
      the recurrence of equinus deformity was significantly reduced.

PMID- 4066942
TI  - Measurement of plantar flexor spasticity during treatment with tone-reducing
      casts.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that treatment with short
      leg, tone-reducing casts will alter resistance of the plantar flexors to dynamic
      and static stretch. The torque resisting passive dorsiflexion was measured at
      angular velocities of 0, 12, 60, and 120 degrees/s for 16 spastic extremities.
      The short-term changes in dynamic sensitivity and static sensitivity were not
      significant. Longer-term wearing resulted in significant decreases in both
      dynamic sensitivity and static sensitivity. Thus, a change in resistance to
      stretch did occur with longer-term casting.

PMID- 4066943
TI  - Segmental instrumentation without fusion in children with progressive scoliosis.
AB  - Nine young children had segmental spinal stabilization without fusion for
      progressive scoliosis. External bracing was not used. There were no immediate
      complications, but at a mean follow-up of 28 months, the mean loss of correction
      was 32% and only four patients maintained the initial correction. The mean
      interval spinal growth was only 0.8 cm. Rods failed in three patients, requiring
      revision and fusion. Thus, the early results of this technique are discouraging.

PMID- 4066944
TI  - Excision and wire fixation of rigid myelomeningocele kyphosis.
AB  - The results of vertebral excision and wire fixation of rigid progressive
      congenital kyphotic curves in nine children with myelomeningocele are detailed.
      Mean follow-up was 5.4 years. Age at operation ranged from 3.3 to 13.3 years. An
      average correction of 41% of a mean curve of 127 degrees was achieved. In three
      patients, greater than 50% correction was lost by the time of follow-up. The
      goals of postural stability and skin ulceration control were achieved.
      Complications included cast ulcers, long bone fractures, and wire protrusion. An
      ideal age for surgery was not identified. For patients less than 12 years of age,
      the growth rate (kg/year) accelerated after operation.

PMID- 4066945
TI  - Correlation of Risser sign and bone age determination in adolescent idiopathic
      scoliosis.
AB  - At the present, there appears to be a lack of unanimity in the choice of whether
      the Risser sign (iliac apophysis maturation) or determination of skeletal
      maturation by bone age roentgenograms is the more accurate indicator of maturity
      in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. In an effort to clarify this issue, the
      authors correlated data from 111 patients to determine the relationship between
      accuracy of Risser sign and bone age determinations performed during similar
      chronologic intervals. Data from bone age determinations were then correlated
      with Risser sign data, and a regression line statistical determination was made.
      The iliac crest apophysis maturation was statistically significantly (p less than
      0.01) correlated with data retrieved by skeletal age assessment.

PMID- 4066946
TI  - Postoperative evaluation of quadriceps contracture in children: comparison of
      three different procedures.
AB  - Sixty-five patients (73 legs) with quadriceps contracture involving mainly the
      rectus femoris muscle were operated on. The average follow-up was 6.3 years. In
      the postoperative overall results, the rating system score was significantly
      decreased from a preoperative mean of 7.0 points to a postoperative mean of 1.9
      points. Three different operative methods were used: release of the pelvic
      origin, sartorius plasty and release of the pelvic origin, and sartorius plasty
      and release of the fibrosis. The most satisfactory results were obtained in the
      group treated by release of the fibrosis.

PMID- 4066947
TI  - Congenital absence of the lung.
AB  - Four cases of congenital absence/aplasia of the lung associated with congenital
      vertebral anomalies are reported. Although alteration in arterial blood gas
      determinations and vital capacities occurred, the patients tolerated general
      anesthesia well.

PMID- 4066948
TI  - A mobility aid for paraplegic children.
AB  - A device that permits early standing and mobility in children with paraplegia is
      described. Its uses and advantages are outlined.

PMID- 4066949
TI  - Heel reconstruction with flexor digitorum brevis musculocutaneous flap.
AB  - A 4-year-old girl with an extensive soft tissue loss of the left heel is
      presented. Management by debridement followed by coverage with an innervated
      flexor digitorum superficialis musculocutaneous flap resulted in primary healing.
      Full weight-bearing ambulation was resumed 8 weeks postoperatively. The patient
      has been ambulating on the reconstructed heel for 18 months without difficulty.
      Technical aspects of the reconstruction are presented as well as a discussion of
      treatment alternatives.

PMID- 4066950
TI  - A true anterior thoracic meningocele associated with a congenital kyphoscoliosis.
AB  - A 12-year-old boy with a severe progressive congenital kyphoscoliosis associated
      with an intrathoracic meningocele developed a spastic paraparesis. The
      meningocele was excised to permit anterior spinal cord decompression and spinal
      fusion. He has remained paraparetic.

PMID- 4066951
TI  - Spondylocostal dysplasia in identical twins.
AB  - Identical twins with spondylocostal dysplasia are reported. To our knowledge,
      this has not been reported previously. Other forms of short trunk dwarfism are
      discussed.

PMID- 4066952
TI  - Pseudowinging of the scapula due to osteochondromata.
AB  - We report two patients, each with pseudowinging of the scapula caused by an
      osteochondroma. Local excision of the tumour cured the deformity. Clinical
      examination will help differentiate winging from pseudowinging, especially if the
      patient has scoliosis.

PMID- 4066953
TI  - Soft tissue recurrence of chondromyxoid fibroma.
AB  - A 12-year-old girl presented with an isolated soft tissue recurrence of
      chondromyxoid fibroma after two previous excisions of tumor from the proximal
      tibia. Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare benign tumor of bone. We present this case
      report of isolated soft tissue recurrence to emphasize a rarely reported
      complication of surgical extirpation.

PMID- 4066954
TI  - Fracture of an unossified tibial tubercle.
AB  - A rare fracture of an unossified tibial tubercle in a 12-year-old boy is
      presented. Resisted active extension was the mechanism of injury. Clinical
      examination demonstrating tibial tubercle pain and crepitation and weakness of
      knee extension and radiographs showing a unilateral high-riding patella led to
      the suspicion of a fracture through the unossified tubercle. Operative treatment
      with appropriate fixation was performed, and an excellent result was obtained.

PMID- 4066955
TI  - Posttraumatic atlantoaxial rotatory fixation.
AB  - Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation is a rare entity occurring during childhood
      following trauma. A case of an 8-year-old girl with atlantoaxial rotatory
      fixation is described. Diagnosis was confirmed by computerized tomography, and
      the patient was treated by C1-C2 posterior fusion.

PMID- 4066956
TI  - Severe spondylolisthesis.

PMID- 4066957
TI  - Sensory stimulation in the nursery: how much and when?

PMID- 4066958
TI  - Family assessment of the child with intractable asthma.
AB  - The psychosocial assessment of the child with bronchial asthma is a complex and
      often confusing process. An indispensable component in this process is the
      assessment of the child's family; however, without a comprehensive conceptual
      schema and practical guidelines for conducting the assessment, conclusions are
      often tentative and lacking in clinical utility. An assessment format is offered
      to help in addressing these needs. The proposed interview structure includes a
      progression of stages as well as specific content areas that it is necessary to
      explore in order for the clinician to thoroughly understand the dynamic
      relationship between the asthmatic child and his family context.

PMID- 4066959
TI  - The role of imagery in the treatment of dying children and adolescents.
AB  - The care of terminally ill children and adolescents is often complicated by
      depression and the patient's inability to express needs and fears verbally. The
      patient's own mental imagery provides an alternate means of communication.
      Clinical cases illustrate some of the ways in which imagery may play a crucial
      role in helping these young patients to express age-appropriate needs and fears
      regarding helplessness, separation from loved ones, and death.

PMID- 4066960
TI  - Motor proficiency in depressed adolescent inpatients: biochemical and clinical
      diagnostic correlates.
AB  - A pilot investigation was conducted on 25 adolescents, ages 11 to 18 years,
      admitted to a six-bed psychiatric unit in a university hospital in order to
      explore relationships among motor proficiency and categories of depressive
      illness. The investigators endeavored to determine whether (a) depressed
      adolescents would perform as well as normals on the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of
      Motor Proficiency and (b) whether the method of diagnosing major depressive
      episode (MDE), using DSM-III criteria or the Dexamethasone Suppression Test, was
      related to motor proficiency. Results indicate that depressed adolescents
      performed less well on balance, bilateral coordination, upper limb coordination,
      and response speed than normals. Major depressive episode (MDE) patients, as
      defined by the Dexamethasone Suppression Test, performed less well than patients
      with Adjustment Disorder with Depressive Mood. Patients diagnosed as MDE on the
      basis of DSM-III criteria had motor proficiency scores similar to those of the
      other patients with depressive mood adjustment disorders. The method of diagnosis
      is critical if prescribed physical activity therapy is to be effective.

PMID- 4066961
TI  - Social and school competencies in children with short stature: longitudinal
      patterns.
AB  - Longitudinal evaluation of 47 children with short stature secondary to growth
      hormone deficiency (GHD), constitutional delay (CD), and Turner's syndrome (TS)
      was undertaken approximately 3 years after initial assessment. Parent ratings of
      social and school competence indicated a developmental trend of poorer adjustment
      during early adolescence (ages 12 and 14), which was preceded (age 9) and
      followed (age 17) by age-appropriate functioning. Evaluation of social competence
      scores suggested that large organized group activities were avoided, although
      children had close friends with whom they interacted regularly. Children with
      short stature obtained age-expected scores for their involvement in solitary
      activities (i.e., hobbies and household chores) and tended to participate in
      individual sports (i.e., fishing, swimming), consistent with a pattern of
      withdrawal from large groups. Younger children with CD evidenced academic
      functioning at least 1 SD higher than children from all other groups, and this
      age-related effect may explain performance inconsistencies reported previously
      with other groups of CD children. Of the children studied, girls with TS
      experienced the greatest academic difficulty.

PMID- 4066962
TI  - Residents' knowledge of behavioral pediatrics.
AB  - Four groups of residency programs (4433 residents) were compared regarding
      performance on the In-Training Exam of the American Board of Pediatrics and a 30
      item addendum assessing behavioral knowledge: 10 programs funded to provide
      mandatory training, 6 not funded but requiring training, 4 control programs not
      requiring training but participating in an evaluation of behavioral training, and
      all other programs (221) whose residents took the exam. Three measures were
      calculated for each resident: percent correct on "organic" items; percent correct
      on "behavioral" items; and a ratio (behavioral to organic). Moderate positive
      correlations were found between organic and behavioral scores. There were no
      significant differences in organic performance related to program type. Ratio
      scores were higher for PL-1-funded residents than for any other PL-1 group. For
      PL-2s, Funded, Not Funded, and Control residents performed better than the All
      Other group. By the 3rd year, Funded residents performed better than All Other
      residents; Not Funded and Control scores fell in between. These data suggest
      that: (1) behavioral knowledge is only moderately related to organic knowledge;
      (2) requiring behavioral training increases behavioral knowledge but does not
      decrease the level of organic knowledge; and (3) funded programs attract
      residents more knowledgeable about behavior who, during their training, remain
      more knowledgeable than residents in programs not participating in an evaluation
      of behavioral training.

PMID- 4066963
TI  - Left-right coding and skills related to beginning reading.
AB  - Kindergarteners and first graders were tested for discrimination of left-right
      orientation, letter production, and performance on reading readiness and reading
      tests. Left-right visual skills were found to be related to reading skills in
      both grades but to letter production only in kindergarten. These data are viewed
      in the context of a deficit in left-right coding. The data cautiously suggest
      that different subgroups of reading-disabled children may benefit from training
      programs that remediate different deficiencies; affirmation of this strategy
      awaits further study of treatment.

PMID- 4066964
TI  - Patterns of looking behavior in full-term and low birth weight infants at 40
      weeks post-conceptional age.
AB  - Given the usefulness of visual behavior as an assessment method in older infants,
      a simple method of visual behavioral evaluation applicable in clinical settings
      was utilized to gather descriptive data on 42 infants at term. Using an "infant
      control" method for determining the duration of stimulus presentation, a series
      of four patterned targets was presented to 25 healthy full-term (FT) and 17 low
      birth weight (LBW) infants at 40 weeks postconceptional age. Infants were
      examined in their nursery cribs, and each stimulus was presented until the infant
      reached a criterion of a 50% or greater decrement in looking time. LBW infants
      looked for longer time periods, without pause, than FT infants; LBW mean trial
      length was twice that of FTs. Although total looking time was longer for the LBW
      group, LBW infants took twice the length of time as FTs to reach the decrement
      criterion for the first target and thus viewed fewer targets than FT infants.
      Despite the longer looking of LBW infants, only 41%, as compared to 56% of the FT
      group, showed an increase in looking time when a new stimulus was presented. The
      quality of LBW infants' visual behavior was more often marked by long, continuous
      looking at the same pattern, in contrast to shorter, more discrete and rapidly
      decrementing looks by the FT newborn. While there was a large variability within
      groups, the differential patterns of visual behavior are considered likely to
      reflect variations in processing of information, possibly associated with
      differences in integrity or maturation of the visual system.

PMID- 4066965
TI  - Pediatricians' and psychologists' implicit personality theory: significance of
      sibling differences.
AB  - Pediatricians' and psychologists' implicit theories of how personality develops
      are compared to recent behavioral-genetic analyses based on twin and adoption
      studies. Results show that both practitioner groups--less so the psychologists-
      underestimate differences between children in the same family, over-estimate the
      influence of their shared environmental experiences, and underestimate those not
      shared. Findings mirror the bias of traditional personality research, pointing
      out the need to investigate environmental variables with differential impacts on
      children in the same family, e.g., sibling deidentification; one child extrovert,
      one introvert; one saint, one sinner.

PMID- 4066966
TI  - The vulnerable child syndrome: fact and theory.
AB  - Studies which have evaluated parent-child relationships following a life
      threatening event indicate that parents and children have subsequent
      interactional difficulties. This study sampled a group of 17 mothers who gave
      birth to a low birth weight infant (mean weight 1260 grams) and compared them to
      17 mothers of normal infants matched for age, education and marital status. The
      mothers were studied at the infant's adjusted chronological age of 12 to 18
      months. At that time all infants were developing normally as determined by the
      Denver Prescreening Questionnaire. The results indicated that mothers of low
      birth weight infants did not demonstrate any greater degree of depression or over
      protection than their matched controls. The findings of this preliminary study
      suggest the need for reassessing the relationship between prematurity and other
      life-threatening events and the psychological sequelae associated with the
      vulnerable child syndrome. Previous studies are reviewed, and their methodologies
      are discussed.

PMID- 4066967
TI  - A comparison of contingent vs non-contingent competing response practice in the
      treatment of nervous habits.
AB  - Previous research found that two components of the habit reversal procedure, the
      practice of a competing response (CR) and awareness training, suppressed muscle
      tics to the same degree as Azrin's entire habit reversal program. This study
      compared the effectiveness of two variations of the competing response procedure
      (contingent vs non-contingent practice) on the nervous habits of nine subjects.
      The results showed the non-contingent competing response to be largely
      ineffective in decreasing the target behaviors. The contingent competing response
      procedure greatly reduced the nervous habits of most subjects, and the complete
      habit reversal procedure further decreased the behavior for two subjects. This
      research indicates that the competing response procedure is most effective when
      used in a contingent fashion.

PMID- 4066968
TI  - Emotional problems during weight reduction: advantages of a combined behavior
      therapy and antidepressive drug therapy for obesity.
AB  - Depressive symptoms may increase in a subgroup of obese individuals shortly after
      beginning a weight-reducing diet. Therefore an additional antidepressive
      medication should have a positive effect on the course and results of therapy.
      This hypothesis was tested in three different institutional settings, with
      identical therapeutic programs. In this study there were 23 obese women.
      Therapeutic strategies were concerned with an increase of self-control over
      eating behavior, the improvement of social skills, and the establishment of new
      problem-solving abilities. Doxepin was used as the anti-depressant in a double
      blind procedure. Our results seem to support the hypothesis of this study:
      depressive symptoms markedly increased soon after the beginning of weight
      reduction; additional antidepressive medication helped to improve the symptoms
      and in the long term had a positive effect on the rate of weight loss.

PMID- 4066969
TI  - Self-report and behavioral assertion in two groups of sexual offenders.
AB  - Role play and self-report measures of assertion were administered to a sample of
      rapists and child molesters as well as to groups of institutional and
      socioeconomic status controls. Clear differences emerged on the self-report
      measures, with high socioeconomic status men appearing to be the most assertive,
      less socially anxious, and endorsing the most liberal attitudes towards women. No
      differences were observed on the behavioral role plays, which required assertion
      in a number of heterosexual situations. There were also no differences between
      the groups on two related questionnaires measuring knowledge of appropriate
      behavior and actual predicted behavior in the same scenarios as were role played.
      Desynchrony between self-report and behavioral measures of assertion is not an
      uncommon finding with a prison population. Implications for the identification of
      relevant treatment targets, attempts at isolating causal variables and the
      relationship between attitudes toward women and assertion are discussed.

PMID- 4066970
TI  - Measurement of reinforcement in depression: a pilot study.
AB  - We tested whether performance on a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement
      with increasing magnitudes of monetary reward could be used as a behavioral
      measure of response to reinforcement during depression. Performance on the task
      was recorded before, during and after treatment of depression in six melancholic
      patients. The amount of money earned and the number of responses to obtain money
      during the task increased in the three subjects who improved with treatment but
      did not increase in three subjects who did not improve. In addition, the degree
      to which responses increased with increasing monetary reward became greater in
      two of the three subjects who improved but in none of the subjects who did not
      improve. Methodological liabilities (e.g., the small sample size and absence of a
      control group) may limit the validity of our findings. Our results do suggest
      performance of the task may be an objective measure of response to reinforcement
      that could be used in both basic and clinical research on depression.

PMID- 4066971
TI  - Development of self-care skills and helping behaviors of adolescents in a group
      home through correspondence training.
AB  - The present study used a do-report correspondence training procedure to develop
      self-care skills and helping behaviors among adolescents of a group home. Points
      were delivered contingent upon true reports about behaviors (self-care skills and
      helping behaviors) performed earlier. Two multiple-baseline designs (across
      behaviors and across groups) were employed. The results showed increased levels
      of self-care skills and helping behaviors (the corresponding nonverbal behaviors)
      during reinforcement of true reports, relative to baseline conditions. These
      levels were maintained during the introduction of a follow-up (maintenance)
      phase, in which subjects were exposed to similar procedures of correspondence
      training but with no reinforcement contingencies for truthful reports about prior
      behaviors.

PMID- 4066972
TI  - Time sampling and measurement error: the effect of interval length and sampling
      pattern.
AB  - The accuracy of momentary time-sampling was evaluated for behaviors occurring for
      different proportions of time, for different momentary time-samples and for
      sessions of different lengths. For 1-hr sessions, momentary time-samples of 10,
      20 or 30 see intervals between observations yielded 90% of estimates within 10%
      of the comparison standard, for behaviours of 25%, 50% and 70%. Behaviours
      occurring for 2% of the session were not accurately recorded even at 10-sec
      momentary time-samples. For a 5-min momentary time-sample, this criterion was
      only approached when 8 hr data was averaged to give a single score for each
      individual, for behaviours of 25% or more. The 5-min momentary time-sample was
      also compared with a 1 in 5-min cluster sample; although less accurate, cluster
      sampling might be a useful strategy in some settings.

PMID- 4066973
TI  - Contingency contracting with a delinquent and his family.
AB  - The successful application of contingency contracting with a delinquent and his
      family is presented. Contingency contracting with families of delinquents is
      reviewed and the advantages discussed. A multiple baseline experimental design
      was employed to evaluate the outcome of the intervention effort. No major
      adjustment problems were reported at 7 months follow-up. The intervention
      programme was also evaluated in an independent manner by the Juvenile Court. The
      problem of applying a flexible evaluation methodology in an open setting is
      considered.

PMID- 4066974
TI  - Can migraine headaches be modified by operant pain techniques?
AB  - Migraine headaches are a common problem with many individuals and are usually
      treated by drug and/or biofeedback therapies. The following case history
      discussed the implementation of an operant approach to the modification of
      migraine headache, assumed to be associated with secondary gain and unresponsive
      to other treatment procedures. The operant program described below resulted in
      the elimination of head pain behaviors and a correlated increase in prosocial and
      well behaviors.

PMID- 4066975
TI  - The treatment of scriptophobia by in vivo exposure and cognitive restructuring.
AB  - A 23-year-old woman with a debilitating fear of signing her name in public was
      treated in 8 weeks and six treatment sessions using graded exposure in vivo and
      cognitive restructuring. Progress was maintained in all settings, at home and at
      work and when the patient was unaccompanied. Treatment gains were maintained at 6
      month and 2-year follow-ups.

PMID- 4066976
TI  - Audio-taped exposure therapy in a case of obsessional neurosis.
AB  - A patient-recorded audio-tape of intrusive ideation was employed as the anxiety
      evoking stimulus during the course of exposure therapy with an obsessional
      neurotic. Detailed records of the patient's subjective anxiety within and across
      treatment sessions documented the remission of self-reports of obsessional
      ideation. Treatment gains were maintained at 1-year follow-up.

PMID- 4066977
TI  - QSAR analysis of drug excretion into human breast milk.
AB  - Breast feeding has increased by approximately 25% in the United States during the
      past decade and this trend appears to be continuing. The number of drugs
      available to lactating women is also growing at a rapid pace. The excretion of
      drugs into breast-milk presents a potential danger to infants. In spite of this,
      little is known about the excretion of drugs into breast-milk. The ability to
      predict which drugs are potential hazards would be very useful in the clinical
      setting. This study quantitatively correlates the human milk to plasma
      concentration ratio of various basic and acidic drugs (log M/P) with the square
      root of the molecular weight, the partition coefficient (log P) and the degree of
      dissociation (log U/D). For basic drugs there is a negative-dependence on both
      log P and log U/D. High lipophilicity favours protein binding and reduces the
      amount of drug available for diffusion into milk. Therefore, as log P increases,
      the log M/P decreases. The negative-dependence on log U/D indicates that the
      higher the degree of dissociation of the base in plasma, the greater the log M/P
      will be. This fits well with the concept of ion-trapping. A strong base is more
      likely to be transferred and then trapped in milk which has a lower pH than
      plasma. For acidic drugs there is a negative-dependence on both square root (MW)
      and log P. The negative-dependence on square root (MW) suggests that large
      molecules are less likely to be able to diffuse into the milk. A negative
      dependence on log P appears to hold true for bases and acids. Log M/P decreases
      as log P increases. This is probably due to increased protein binding by
      lipophilic drugs through non-specific hydrophobic interaction with plasma
      protein.

PMID- 4066978
TI  - The effectiveness of drug level monitoring and pharmacokinetics in
      individualizing theophylline therapy.
AB  - A pharmacokinetic method for individualizing theophylline dosage is described.
      The method was shown to be reliable and accurate, and maintained significantly
      more patients within the optimum therapeutic range when compared with
      conventional regimens. The study also showed that when conventional dosage
      regimens are used, a large proportion of patients exhibit theophylline levels
      well below the optimum therapeutic range. Population pharmacokinetic data for
      theophylline and the effect of congestive heart failure on its clearance are also
      presented.

PMID- 4066979
TI  - A decade of drug information experience in Northern Ireland.
AB  - A decade of service by the Regional Drug Information Service in Northern Ireland,
      and the need for this service to solve drug problems is described. The
      development of a combined Drug Information Service and Poison Information Service
      at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, is outlined.

PMID- 4066980
TI  - Another look at the pharmacist as an adviser.

PMID- 4066981
TI  - Aplastic anaemia and the hypocellular myelodysplastic syndrome:
      histomorphological, diagnostic, and prognostic features.
AB  - In a retrospective study of 111 patients with aplastic anaemia iliac crest
      biopsies were evaluated for the presence of morphological features statistically
      related to the evolution of the disease. Prognostic variables for a transition to
      acute non-lymphatic leukaemia were: cellular atypias of the three haemopoietic
      lineages, as observed in the myelodysplastic syndrome, and especially
      "micromegakaryocytes"; high numbers or irregular distribution of megakaryocytes,
      or both; and (slight) marrow fibrosis. Clinical variables did not influence these
      prognostic correlations. Prognosis in relation to death from bone marrow failure
      without leukaemia might well have been influenced by a strong plasma cell
      reaction, but this correlation was weakened by clinical factors. On the basis of
      this study aplastic anaemia can thus be subdivided morphologically into two
      disease entities--namely, hypocellular myelodysplastic syndrome with a 23-82%
      risk of acute non-lymphatic leukaemia developing within three years, depending on
      how many variables associated with acute non-lymphatic leukaemia are present, and
      non-dysplastic myelohypoplasia.

PMID- 4066982
TI  - Monitoring serum CEA in women with primary breast tumours positive for oestrogen
      receptor and with spread to lymph nodes.
AB  - Serum carcinoembryonic antigen concentrations (serum CEA) in 80 patients with
      primary breast cancer were measured preoperatively, one month after operation,
      and thereafter serially every third month. These data were related to
      histological and morphometric features of the primary breast carcinoma and the
      lymph node metastases and to clinical follow up data. Analysis of the serum CEA
      values showed significant correlations with size of tumour, the presence of lymph
      node metastases, oestrogen receptor, and occurrence of distant metastases.
      Furthermore, the results indicated that serial determination of serum CEA in the
      first two years after operation may be useful in monitoring for the occurrence of
      distant metastases in patients with metastatic spread to lymph nodes and with
      large (greater than or equal to 2 cm) primary breast tumours positive for
      oestrogen receptor. In agreement with other studies, however, it was found that
      the predictive value of serum CEA concentrations in general is weak and costs may
      prohibit the implementation of the routine assessment of CEA concentrations.

PMID- 4066983
TI  - Frozen section diagnosis: an audit.
AB  - A consecutive series of 1000 operative frozen section diagnoses was reviewed.
      Correct diagnosis was made at the time in 96.5% of the cases. Clinically relevant
      errors were found in 1.3% of the cases and unimportant errors in 0.9%. Diagnosis
      was deferred, to await subsequent paraffin sections, in a further 1.3%. All the
      errors and provisional diagnoses in the deferred cases were conservative false
      negative results; no false positive diagnosis of malignancy was made. The cases
      of incorrect or deferred diagnosis were analysed to ascertain the origin of the
      difficulties, which comprised: technical imperfection (three cases); the focal
      nature of the lesion (14); and pathological misinterpretation (28). More than one
      of these factors played a part in eight cases. Further retrospective assessment
      indicated that the factors leading to error or deferred diagnosis were avoidable
      in 57% and potentially avoidable in 43% of cases. Misinterpretation was the
      single factor responsible for all avoidable misdiagnoses or deferred diagnosis.
      None the less, unavoidable factors led to erroneous or deferred diagnosis in
      about 2% of operative frozen section requests. Using present methods this seems
      to be the irreducible minimum of failures to make the correct diagnosis when
      frozen sections are assessed.

PMID- 4066984
TI  - Necrotising lymphadenitis without granulocytic infiltration (Kikuchi's disease).
AB  - Kikuchi's disease (necrotising lymphadenitis) is characterised by cervical
      lymphadenopathy in young patients and may be mistaken for malignant disease both
      clinically and histologically. Microscopically, there is a varying degree of
      effacement of the lymph node architecture and necrosis with an infiltrate of
      "histiocytic" cells and absence of polymorphs. The disease is of unknown
      aetiology. It was originally described in Japan, and only 27 cases have been
      reported elsewhere (none in the United Kingdom), although it has probably been
      seen but not recognised. The clinical, histopathological, electron microscopic,
      and immunohistological findings in four cases of the disease were evaluated.

PMID- 4066985
TI  - Ploidy studies in adenomatous polyps of the colon.
AB  - The nuclei of colonic adenomatous polyps and some colonic carcinomas have a
      normal diploid profile. The remaining carcinomas are aneuploid, and this change
      most probably occurs after the dysplasia that determines invasiveness, because
      even adenomatous polyps with carcinoma in situ are diploid.

PMID- 4066986
TI  - Oesophageal histology in reflux oesophagitis.
AB  - Multiple specimens taken at oesophageal suction biopsy were obtained from 56
      patients, of whom 44 had symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux and 24 had
      endoscopic evidence of erosive oesophagitis. Biopsies were examined independently
      by two histopathologists for the following criteria for reflux: epithelial
      hyperplasia, vascular dilatation and congestion, neutrophil infiltration, and
      eosinophil infiltration. The incidence of these criteria in patients with and
      without endoscopic evidence of oesophagitis or symptoms of reflux was
      investigated. It was concluded that vascular dilatation and epithelial
      hyperplasia, defined as basal zone thickness greater than or equal to 15% and
      papillary elongation greater than or equal to 66%, can be detected most reliably,
      but their diagnostic accuracy is limited unless multiple biopsies are examined.

PMID- 4066987
TI  - Basal cell carcinoma of the skin with areas of squamous cell carcinoma: a
      basosquamous cell carcinoma?
AB  - The diagnosis of basosquamous cell carcinoma is controversial. A review of cases
      of basal cell carcinoma showed 23 cases that had conspicuous areas of squamous
      cell carcinoma. This was distinguished from squamous differentiation and
      keratotic basal cell carcinoma by a comparative study of 40 cases of compact
      lobular and 40 cases of keratotic basal cell carcinoma. Areas of intermediate
      tumour differentiation between basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma were found.
      Basal cell carcinomas with areas of squamous cell carcinoma may be called
      basosquamous carcinoma.

PMID- 4066988
TI  - Solitary "necrotic nodule" of the liver: a probable pathogenesis.
AB  - Examination of two lesions in the anterior margin of the liver suggested that the
      origin of the so called "solitary necrotic" nodule lies in non-malignant tissue.
      An origin in sclerosing haemangioma seems probable.

PMID- 4066989
TI  - "Agrobacterium yellow group" and Pseudomonas paucimobilis causing peritonitis in
      patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Five cases of peritonitis occurred during continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis in which unusual yellow pigmented Gram negative bacteria were isolated
      in pure culture. Four of these isolates were identified as the so called
      "Agrobacterium yellow group." The remaining isolate was identified as Pseudomonas
      paucimobilis, an organism closely related to the Agrobacterium yellow group.

PMID- 4066990
TI  - Rapid enzyme analysis of amniotic fluid phospholipids containing choline: a
      comparison with the lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio in prenatal assessment of
      fetal lung maturity.
AB  - The relation between the choline containing surfactant phospholipids lecithin and
      sphingomyelin in amniotic fluid and fetal lung maturity is well established. An
      enzymatic method that had been automated and optimised for use on a centrifugal
      analyser was used to measure the total choline containing phospholipids in
      amniotic fluid. The total time taken for this assay was 10 minutes. The results
      obtained from 100 patient samples, using this procedure, compared favourably with
      the results obtained by the thin layer chromatography procedure used to determine
      the lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio (r = 0.93). A clinical study of 60 patients
      showed that this assay predicted prenatal respiratory distress syndrome as well
      as the lecithin to sphingomyelin ratios. The advantage of this assay over
      existing procedures is that it requires minimum preparation of the specimen and
      no extraction, is quick, and shows a high degree of precision.

PMID- 4066991
TI  - Increased total serum IgE concentration in patients who have undergone
      splenectomy after trauma.
AB  - Serum immunoglobulin and complement concentrations were evaluated in 20 patients
      who had undergone splenectomy after trauma. The concentrations of IgE and IgA in
      the patients were significantly increased compared with those in controls. The
      IgE values were not correlated with the time after splenectomy or IgA, IgG, IgM,
      IgD, C3, and C4 values.

PMID- 4066992
TI  - Bacteraemia secondary to pseudomembranous colitis.

PMID- 4066993
TI  - Anaerobic media and pH changes during growth.

PMID- 4066994
TI  - Lymphoid tissue and cyclical endometrium.

PMID- 4066995
TI  - Watermelon stomach, or antral gastritis.

PMID- 4066996
TI  - Effect of estrogens on the dexamethasone suppression test in nondepressed women.
AB  - It is often suggested that estrogens may cause false-positive dexamethasone
      suppression test (DST) results. In this study of nine healthy, non-depressed
      women, DSTs were performed at baseline, immediately following administration of
      21 days of oral contraceptives containing either 50 or 80 micrograms of mestranol
      (a synthetic estrogen) in combination with 1 mg of norethindrone (a synthetic
      progesterone), and 1 month after discontinuing the oral contraceptives. All
      subjects had post-dexamethasone cortisol levels less than or equal to 5
      micrograms/dl during the study with the exception of two subjects in the
      mestranol 80 microgram group who had positive DSTs immediately following oral
      contraceptive administration; one of these subjects continued to have a positive
      DST 1 month later. DST results should be interpreted with caution if high dose
      estrogens are taken concurrently or have been recently discontinued.

PMID- 4066997
TI  - Plasma levels of neuroleptic in patients receiving depot fluphenazine.
AB  - Depot forms of fluphenazine are frequently used in the outpatient treatment of
      psychiatric patients. To gather relevant data on pharmacokinetic characteristics
      of depot fluphenazines, the authors measured plasma levels of neuroleptic
      activity in 76 clinic patients on stable dosage regimens of fluphenazine
      decanoate or fluphenazine enanthate. Dose and plasma neuroleptic activity level
      were highly correlated for both forms of depot fluphenazine. Furthermore, the
      slope of the regression of log dose to the log plasma neuroleptic activity was
      the same for both drug forms. However, doses of enanthate twice those of
      decanoate were associated with the same mean plasma level of neuroleptic
      activity. Finally, while blood levels of drug overlapped markedly in cohorts of
      patients receiving different doses of depot medication, the assumption of recent
      studies that, on the average, patients in such cohorts have different blood and
      tissue levels of drug was confirmed.

PMID- 4066998
TI  - Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of phenelzine: lack of evidence for acetylation
      pathway in humans.
AB  - Earlier studies have suggested that patients with slow acetylation phenotype were
      more likely to respond to phenelzine treatment and more likely to experience side
      effects. The metabolism of phenelzine has not been extensively investigated in
      humans because of limitations in analytical methodology. A labeled form of
      phenelzine is required for metabolite identification because these same compounds
      can arise from endogenous substances e.g., phenylacetic acid. The use of a stable
      isotope-labeled compound has the advantage that in vivo studies can be performed
      without radiation exposure. Site-specific, stable isotope-labeled phenelzine
      analogs were synthesized and used in metabolic and pharmacokinetic studies in
      humans. The authors were unable to detect N-acetylphenelzine in any urine or
      plasma samples. The major metabolites phenylacetic acid and
      parahydroxyphenylacetic acid constitute up to 79% of the administered dose
      excreted via the urine in the first 96 hours. These studies indicate that N
      acetylation of phenelzine is not a significant metabolic pathway in humans, which
      helps explain recent clinical studies that failed to find an association between
      acetylation phenotype and clinical effects of phenelzine.

PMID- 4066999
TI  - Induction of mania by L-dopa in a nonbipolar patient.
AB  - The authors present a case of mania associated with the prolonged ingestion of
      large doses of L-dopa. Prior reports relating L-dopa therapy to mania in patients
      with bipolar disorders are discussed. The induction of a classic manic syndrome
      by catecholamine augmentation is possible in a nonbipolar individual.

PMID- 4067000
TI  - Mania after withdrawal of isocarboxazid.
AB  - Two cases of mania following the discontinuation of treatment with isocarboxazid
      are described. Although this phenomenon has been reported by several
      investigators to occur after cessation of tricyclic antidepressant therapy, there
      exists only one isolated report of hypomania after discontinuation of monoamine
      oxidase inhibitors. Possible mechanisms for the occurrence of hypomania and mania
      after withdrawal from antidepressants are discussed.

PMID- 4067001
TI  - Mania following change from trazodone to imipramine.
AB  - Case reports are presented of two depressed patients with probable bipolar
      disorder who did not respond to trazodone but developed mania when this drug was
      abruptly replaced with imipramine. Clinical and theoretical implications are
      discussed.

PMID- 4067002
TI  - Use of high-dose intravenous haloperidol in the treatment of agitated cardiac
      patients.
AB  - Although previous reports have documented the safe and effective use of
      intravenous haloperidol in agitated cardiac patients, the dosages advocated have
      in general been relatively low: 1 to 2 mg every 2 to 4 hours. In this report, the
      authors demonstrate that such doses may be insufficient to control severe
      agitation in coronary care unit patients. Four cases are presented in which more
      than 100 mg/day of intravenous haloperidol were required for safe and effective
      control of confusion and agitation.

PMID- 4067003
TI  - View from the Nation's Capital.

PMID- 4067004
TI  - View from the Nation's courts.

PMID- 4067005
TI  - Lorazepam use and catatonic syndrome.

PMID- 4067006
TI  - Psychosis following phenelzine discontinuation.

PMID- 4067007
TI  - Triazolam in the restless legs syndrome.

PMID- 4067008
TI  - The Vermont health risk survey and the design of community wide preventive health
      programs.
AB  - A Vermont health risk survey was performed to gain information on health
      knowledge and behaviors of the population. Telephone interviews with 1,594
      individuals ascertained respondents' demographic characteristics, preventive
      health behaviors, and health knowledge. Risk prevalence was obtained on five
      health risks: alcohol (12%), smoking (33%), lack of exercise (70%), overweight
      (39%), and non-use of seatbelts (86%). Low income, less education, and blue
      collar occupation status were associated with increased risks of smoking, lack of
      exercise, and non-use of seatbelts. Increased prevalence of certain risks are
      associated with the 18-24 year old age group; 32% of those males reported an
      alcohol risk and 94% reported non-use of seatbelts. Combined risk scores were
      increased in groups with low income, less education, and blue collar occupations.
      These variations in health behaviors by social group were not explained by
      differences in health knowledge. Design of primary prevention activities needs to
      be community wide, utilize information on the epidemiology of health behaviors,
      influence diverse community groups and intervene before risk behaviors are
      established.

PMID- 4067009
TI  - Correlates of change in subjective well-being among the elderly.
AB  - This study examines two related issues concerning the subjective well-being of
      elderly adults: change over time and correlates of that change. Data come from a
      three-wave panel study of 401 elderly residents in St. Louis. Residualized change
      score regression analyses indicate: there is change in subjective well-being over
      4-5 months and over 12 months; the 4-5 month and 12 month changes are remarkably
      similar; the effect of subjective well-being over time indicates regression to
      the mean; and, only socioeconomic status is a significant predictor of change in
      subjective well-being (net of the effects of subjective well-being itself). The
      implications of these results for our understanding of subjective well-being in
      the elderly are discussed, as are the policy implications of the positive effect
      of socioeconomic status on changes in the subjective well-being of the elderly.

PMID- 4067010
TI  - An ultrastructural study of cat lumbosacral gamma-motoneurons after retrograde
      labelling with horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - Twelve retrogradely horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labelled triceps surae
      motoneurons of gamma size (mean cell body diameter less than 38 micron) were
      studied ultrastructurally. The contours of the cell bodies, as observed in the
      transverse midnucleolus plane, were elongated to rounded. The axons identified
      all originated from the cell body. The mean diameter of the stem dendrites was
      4.5 micron. A substantial part of the cell membrane was covered by glial
      extensions. The boutons and synaptic contacts apposing the gamma-motoneurons
      could be classified into two categories on the basis of the type of synaptic
      vesicles: S-type boutons with spherical synaptic vesicles and F-type boutons with
      flattened vesicles. In each neuron, the values for mean length and mean area of
      apposition, percentage synaptic covering, and packing density of S-type, F-type,
      and S+F-type boutons were estimated on the cell body and in two dendritic
      compartments. In comparison with alpha-motoneurons and Renshaw cells, the cell
      bodies of the gamma-motoneurons were covered by smaller and strikingly fewer
      boutons of both the S- and F-types. The values for percentage synaptic covering
      and packing density of boutons on the proximal dendrites were also lower for
      gamma-motoneurons than for both alpha-motoneurons and Renshaw cells, although the
      differences were less pronounced than on the cell body. No boutons of the C-, M-,
      and T-types described for alpha-motoneurons were found on the gamma-motoneurons.

PMID- 4067012
TI  - The development of the dentate area and the hippocampal mossy fiber projection of
      the rat.
AB  - The development of the dentate area and the hippocampal mossy fiber system of the
      rat has been investigated at the light microscopic level by using fluorescent
      tracing, Nissl, and Timm's histochemical methods. Although the cytoarchitectonic
      development of the dentate granular layer is mainly a postnatal phenomenon, the
      initial events take place before birth. The aggregation and maturation of the
      cells in the granular layer proceed in a graded fashion from the lateral to the
      medial and from the superficial to the deep aspects of the layer. The earliest
      formed granule cells are probably derived directly from the cells of the
      ventricular zone. They start to form mossy fibers prenatally, either during the
      relatively long period of migration to the granular layer or soon after their
      arrival. However, most of the granule cells are derived from a secondary
      proliferative center in the hilus. They start to produce mossy fibers postnatally
      a while after arriving at the granular layer. The total complement of granule
      cells starts to grow mossy fibers in a sequence that is related to the final
      position of the cells of origin within the granular layer. This sequence also
      proceeds in a graded fashion from the lateral to the medial and from the
      superficial to the deep aspects of the layer. In the beginning the mossy fibers
      elongate relatively rapidly. Already at birth the Timm-stained mossy fiber zone
      occupies the anterolateral part of the hilus and the adjacent suprapyramidal
      parts of the regio inferior. Once the mossy fibers have reached the distal end of
      the regio inferior they elongate along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus
      more slowly. At the same time the Timm-stainability of the mossy fiber zone,
      which, during the first postnatal week, is weaker toward the regio superior,
      develops a mature pattern in which the distal part of the zone stains most
      intensely. Throughout development, fibers from the granule cells that form first
      are longer and diverge more in the septotemporal dimension than fibers from later
      forming granule cells. In contrast to other axonal systems which appear to be
      sculptured from a diffuse set of connections the results presented here provide
      evidence that the topographic relationships of the mossy fiber system develop in
      a stepwise fashion.

PMID- 4067011
TI  - Synaptic connections of intracellularly filled clutch cells: a type of small
      basket cell in the visual cortex of the cat.
AB  - Light and electron microscopic quantitative analysis was carried out on a type of
      neuron intracellularly filled with horseradish peroxidase. Two cells were studied
      in area 17, one of which was injected intra-axonally, and its soma was not
      recovered. One cell was studied in area 18. The two somata were on the border of
      layers IVa/b; they were radially elongated and received synapses from numerous
      large boutons with round synaptic vesicles. The dendrites were smooth and
      remained largely in layer IV. The cells can be recognised on the basis of their
      axonal arbor, which was restricted to layer IV (90-95% of boutons) with minor
      projections to layers III, V, and VI. Many of the large, bulbous boutons
      contacted neuronal somata, short collaterals often forming "claw"-like
      configurations around cells. The name "clutch cell" is suggested to delineate
      this type of neuron from other aspiny multipolar cells. Computer-assisted
      reconstruction of the axon showed that in layer IV the axons occupied a
      rectangular area about 300 X 500 microns, elongated anteroposteriorly in area 17
      and mediolaterally in area 18. The distributions of synaptic boutons and
      postsynaptic cells were patchy within this area. A total of 321 boutons were
      serially sectioned in area 17. The boutons formed type II synaptic contacts. The
      postsynaptic targets were somata (20-30%), dendritic shafts (35-50%), spines
      (30%), and rarely axon initial segments. Most of the postsynaptic somata tested
      were not immunoreactive for GABA and their fine structural features suggest that
      they are spiny stellate, star pyramidal, and pyramidal neurons. The
      characteristics of most of the postsynaptic dendrites and spines also suggest
      that they belong to these spiny neurons. A few of the postsynaptic dendrites and
      somata exhibited characteristics of cells with smooth dendrites and these somata
      were immunoreactive for GABA. It is suggested that clutch cells are inhibitory
      interneurons exerting their effect mainly on layer IV spiny neurons in an area
      localised perhaps to a single ocular dominance column. The specific laminar
      location of the axons of clutch cell also suggests that they may be associated
      with the afferent terminals of lateral geniculate nucleus cells, and could thus
      be responsible for generating some of the selective properties of neurons of the
      first stage of cortical processing.

PMID- 4067013
TI  - The trigemino-olivary projection in the cat: contributions of individual
      subnuclei.
AB  - Anterograde autoradiographic methods were used to determine the projection of the
      principal sensory trigeminal nucleus and of each of the three spinal trigeminal
      subnuclei to the inferior olivary complex in the cat. Our data reveal that the
      principal sensory trigeminal nucleus does not contribute to the trigemino-olivary
      pathway. Each spinal trigeminal subnucleus has a unique contribution to this
      pathway: pars oralis projects sparsely to the border between the dorsal accessory
      and principal olives (DAO-PO), pars interpolaris projects mostly to the rostral
      medial DAO, and pars caudalis projects mostly to the rostral medial part of the
      ventral leaf of PO and slightly to the caudal medial accessory olive. In the
      light of recent physiological and anatomical findings, our data indicate that
      information from each spinal trigeminal subnucleus reaches a different segment of
      the contralateral inferior olivary complex, which in turn distributes
      differentially to the cerebellar cortex.

PMID- 4067014
TI  - The optokinetic nystagmus and ocular pigmentation of hypopigmented mouse mutants.
AB  - We tested the optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) reflex of various hypopigmented mutant
      mice and ultrastructurally examined the pigmentation of various ocular structures
      in these mutants. Using electron microscopy we examined the pigmentation of the
      choroid and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and measured the numerical density,
      volume density, and distribution of RPE melanosomes of mice with the following
      phenotypes: (1) wild type, (2) mutants that have abnormal or no OKN in response
      to horizontally moving, full-field stimulation, and (3) other mutants that have
      normal OKN but reduced choroidal pigmentation. We also measured the OKN of all
      these mice in response to horizontally moving stimuli that were restricted to the
      nasal or to the temporal retina. We found that in the mutants with normal OKN the
      numerical density of melanosomes in the RPE was within the range found for wild
      type, while the numerical density was reduced for the mutants with abnormal OKN.
      For one mutant with normal RPE pigmentation and normal OKN, the choroidal
      pigmentation was nearly absent. For the genotypes with abnormal OKN the volume
      density of the RPE melanosomes and percent apical melanosomes were sometimes
      greater and sometimes less than normal. The OKN patterns of these mice fell into
      the following categories: (1) wild type; (2) field-restriction dependent OKN with
      small following movements but no OKN in response to full-field stimulation,
      normal OKN in response to stimulation of the nasal retina, and OKN of reversed
      direction in response to stimulation of the temporal retina; (3) oblique with
      slow oblique following movements and reduced numbers of OKNs with oblique quick
      phases in response to horizontally moving, full-field stimulation, nearly normal
      OKN in response to stimulation of the nasal retina, and OKN of reversed direction
      in response to stimulation of the temporal retina. The horizontal component of
      the oblique response to full-field stimulation was in the same direction for the
      two eyes, but the vertical component was in the opposite direction. (4) Slow,
      small amplitude, with no or very small following movements in response to full
      field stimulation, following movements in response to stimulation of the nasal
      retina and reversed "following" movements in response to stimulation of the
      temporal retina but few or no quick phases of the OKN for any stimulus condition.
      These results show that a variety of abnormalities of the OKN occur for
      hypopigmentation mutants of the mouse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4067015
TI  - The projection of the visual field onto the lateral geniculate nucleus of the
      ferret.
AB  - The projection of the visual field onto the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
      (LGN) of the ferret was mapped electrophysiologically. The nucleus contains a
      single orderly map of the contralateral visual hemifield. The upper visual field
      is represented dorsally and rostrally in the nucleus; central fields are found in
      the medial and caudal sections of the LGN; and peripheral fields are represented
      most laterally. The ipsilateral eye is represented in laminae A1 and C1 up to
      eccentricities of 20-30 degrees. Lines of projection run perpendicular to the
      laminar borders. The ferret LGN resembles that of the cat rotated approximately
      110 degrees clockwise in the sagittal plane, viewing the right nucleus from its
      lateral aspect; it differs from the cat in having a larger monocular segment.

PMID- 4067016
TI  - Anatomical organization of primary visual cortex (area 17) in the ferret.
AB  - The present report describes the intrinsic and extrinsic cortical connectivity of
      striate cortex (area 17) in the ferret. Injections of horseradish peroxidase
      demonstrate periodic intrinsic connections over an extent of 2.5-3.0 mm, mainly
      in the supragranular layers but also occurring secondarily in layer 5. These
      connections have a stripelike configuration, with a center-to-center spacing of
      0.5-0.7 mm. Their laminar distribution and stripelike configuration resemble the
      pattern in the cat (Gilbert and Wiesel, '83), another member of the carnivore
      family, but not that in monkeys. In both macaque and squirrel monkeys, these
      connections have a bilaminar distribution in layers 2-3 and 4B, and a more
      complicated latticelike geometry (Rockland and Lund, '83). Their interperiod
      spacing, of about 0.5 mm, however, is relatively constant across species.
      Extrinsic connections in the ferret link striate cortex with territories probably
      homologous to feline areas 18 and 19, and to the suprasylvian region. Callosal
      connections extend on the lateral surface about 1.5 mm into area 17 and 4.0 mm
      into area 18 beyond their common border. There are homotopical connections
      between striate cortices and heterotopical connections from at least areas 18 and
      19 to contralateral area 17. In addition to gray matter connections,
      intracortical injections also result in labeled interstitial neurons in the
      subgriseal white matter. These occur both subjacent to an injection site in area
      17, and below labeled foci in area 18 projecting back to area 17, as if
      interstitial neurons shared the connectivity of overlying layer 6.

PMID- 4067017
TI  - Early vascularization of the embryonic cerebral cortex: Golgi and electron
      microscopic studies.
AB  - Two developmental aspects in the establishment of the vasculature of the
      embryonic cerebral cortex have been analyzed: the vascular perforation of the
      external basal lamina and marginal glia by leptomeningeal capillaries and their
      early intracortical angiogenesis. Electron microscopic and rapid Golgi
      preparations have been used in this study. Four phases have been identified in
      the vascular perforation of the cortex. First, the leptomeningeal capillary
      approaches and establishes direct contact with the external basal lamina and
      marginal glia of the cerebral cortex. Second, the leading endothelium of the glia
      touching capillary undergoes considerable membrane activity forming many
      filopodia and pseudopodia. Some filopodia of this activated endothelium perforate
      the vascular and cortical basal laminae and penetrate into the neural tissue.
      This filopodial perforation is accompanied by swelling and disintegration of the
      subadjacent marginal glial endfeet. Third, the original perforation enlarges
      progressively and allows an entire endothelial cell (or cells) to penetrate into
      the neural tissue. Fourth, proliferation and progressive canalization of
      penetrated endothelial cells result in the formation of a new cortical capillary
      in situ. Its proximal wall becomes surrounded by perivascular glial processes
      which appear to replace the degenerated ones. Thus a vasculoglial barrier is
      formed around the growing capillary, isolating it from the neural tissue, while
      the filopodia at its leading edge are still growing among the neural elements
      without recognizable basal lamina. The formation of a shallow pial-funnel at the
      capillary entrance can also be recognized at this time. This funnel contains the
      fine processes of leptomeningeal cells, a few collagen fibers, and the basal
      laminae of the penetrating vessel and of the perivascular glia. It represents an
      early stage in the formation of the Virchow-Robin space. The intracortical
      embryonic vasculature is characterized by both capillary angiogenesis and
      regression and by the formation of anastomotic plexuses. While capillary
      angiogenesis and reabsorption are found everywhere and appear as random
      phenomena, the location of the anastomotic plexuses is specific and always
      associated with actively growing cortical regions.

PMID- 4067018
TI  - The pathogenicity of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and Mycoplasma arginini in ovine
      and caprine tracheal organ cultures.
AB  - The effects of M. ovipneumoniae and M. arginini on tracheal organ cultures
      prepared from a neonatal kid and a foetal lamb were studied. Both organisms were
      isolated from the cultures throughout the 14 days of observation. M.
      ovipneumoniae produced ciliostasis and loss of cilia, confirmed by scanning
      electron microscope (SEM), after 4 days. These effects were sudden and profound
      in lamb explants, and gradual and less pronounced in kid explants. Clusters of
      organisms attached to epithelial surfaces and in association with cilia were
      visible by SEM. M. arginini also induced ciliostasis and cilia loss in both kid
      and lamb explants, but onset was more rapid, at 2 days, and there was evident
      recovery after day 6, with apparent regeneration of cilia. No clearly
      recognizable mycoplasmas were observed by SEM in M. arginini-infected explants.

PMID- 4067019
TI  - Skeletal and blood biochemical characteristics of sheep during growth and
      breeding: a comparison of flocks with and without broken mouth.
AB  - Two-hundred female Scottish Blackface sheep ranging in age from 3 months to 5 1/2
      years were used to investigate the relationships between blood biochemical
      characteristics, skeletal metabolism and dental health on 5 farms, 3 with broken
      mouth and 2 with no incidence of the disease. Skeletal growth to 6 months of age
      was faster in lambs from control flocks than in lambs from affected farms
      although growth thereafter was slower in the control group. A generally lower
      protein intake on control farms may account for this reduced growth rate. In
      general, adult dimensions of bones were attained between 14 and 30 months of age
      but age of maturation varied between bones; tibial endochondral growth ended
      after 14 to 21 months while the rib still showed evidence of endochondral growth
      at 70 months of age. This growth was episodic, being maximal during lactation and
      possible causes are discussed. There was no significant differences in calcium or
      phosphorus status between control and affected populations, an inadequate
      phosphorus intake during pregnancy was common to both groups. Lower serum
      magnesium concentration in affected than in control sheep was a consistent
      finding and is discussed.

PMID- 4067020
TI  - Fractured fibulae in broiler fowls.
AB  - Fibular diaphyseal fractures were identified bilaterally or unilaterally in 15
      broilers aged between 13 and 105 days. Incomplete cortical defects were also
      identified on radiographs in a further 8 birds. Fractures and incomplete defects
      always occurred at the Tuberculum M. iliofibularis of fibulae. The character of
      bone at this site differed from bone elsewhere in the diaphysis. Following
      fracture, cartilaginous callus united the diaphyseal segments and pseudarthrosis
      or fibrous non-union were common sequelae. The concept that fibular fractures in
      broilers are always a consequence of abnormal proximal tibiotarsal curvature is
      not supported by this study. It is suggested that differential growth of the
      paired crural bones is of primary importance.

PMID- 4067021
TI  - Cruciate ligament rupture in young adult broiler knee joints.
AB  - Derangement of the caudal cruciate ligament was identified in 11 broiler fowls
      aged between 18 and 38 weeks. In some cases, the caudal cruciate ligament alone
      was ruptured, whereas, in others, the caudal meniscofemoral and meniscotibial
      ligaments and medial meniscus were also deranged. In some birds, ligaments were
      only partially ruptured but, in 5 cases, complete rupture had occurred in both
      knee joints. All birds showed severe lameness which, in 2 cases, could only be
      ascribed to caudal cruciate derangement. Degenerative changes were present in
      many of the ligaments which suggested that rupture may be a consequence of
      primary ligamentous change. Proximal tibiotarsal osteochondrosis was a frequent
      concomitant finding which may affect the integrity of the ligament attachment. A
      number of other factors including postural abnormality, obesity, and relative
      inactivity may predispose broilers to caudal cruciate ligament rupture.

PMID- 4067022
TI  - The pathological features associated with spinal tumours in 29 dogs.
AB  - The pathological features of 29 spinal tumours are described. The most common
      tumours were those originating extradurally and included 10 vertebral neoplasms
      and 2 lymphosarcomas. Ten of the 29 were peripheral nerve tumours invading the
      spinal cord. The remaining 7 comprised 3 meningiomas, 2 ependymomas, one
      metastatic mammary adenocarcinoma and one haemangiosarcoma. There was a notable
      absence of glial tumours.

PMID- 4067023
TI  - Retrovirus-like particles associated with myeloproliferative disease in the dog.
AB  - A case of granulocytic myeloproliferative disease with hypercalcaemia of
      malignancy in a 6-year-old Golden Retriever dog is described. Numerous retrovirus
      like budding particles were observed at the cell surface of the neoplastic
      granulocytes, suggesting the presence of a new oncogenic virus. Several attempts
      by other workers to demonstrate the presence of an oncogenic retrovirus in canine
      lymphosarcoma have produced minimal results. This study suggests that non
      lymphoid canine myeloproliferative disorders warrant further investigation.

PMID- 4067024
TI  - Comparison of the pathogenicity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and
      Mycobacterium spp isolated from the wood pigeon (Columba palumbus-L).
AB  - The pathogenicity of 4 strains of mycobacteria isolated from wood pigeons and 2
      strains of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was compared in calves, mice and
      chickens. Three of the 4 wood pigeon strains and the 2 M. paratuberculosis
      strains produced clinical Johne's disease in calves. All 6 strains were
      pathogenic for mice and the 4 wood pigeon strains were pathogenic for chickens.
      The strains were not agglutinated by antisera to strains of the M. avium complex
      and all were mycobactin-dependent. It was concluded that the wood pigeon isolates
      may constitute a distinct group with the pathogenic capability of M. avium in
      chickens and M. paratuberculosis in calves.

PMID- 4067025
TI  - Therapy for painful cutaneous leiomyomas.
AB  - Cutaneous leiomyomas, if multiple and painful, can pose a treatment dilemma. The
      types of cutaneous leiomyomas and the anatomy and physiology of smooth muscle are
      reviewed as an introduction to the therapy of painful leiomyomas by a calcium
      channel blocker.

PMID- 4067026
TI  - Areolar sebaceous hyperplasia.

PMID- 4067027
TI  - Ganglion of the ankle.
AB  - Ganglia rarely occur on the ankle. We report a case of a ganglion on the medial
      malleolus, originating from the sheaths of the flexor digitorum longus and
      tibialis posterior tendons, which posed a diagnostic dilemma for the patient's
      family physician, for her dermatologist, and for the orthopedic surgeon seen in
      consultation. Ganglia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all
      periarticular cystic lesions.

PMID- 4067028
TI  - A unique case of sarcoidosis with coexistent collagen vascular disease. Possible
      result of a compatible disease-sustaining immunologic environment.
AB  - A patient presented with dysphagia, arthralgias, and a peculiar skin eruption
      characterized by histopathologic features of sarcoidal granulomas and lupus
      erythematosus occurring in the same lesion. Sarcoidal granulomas were also found
      in skeletal muscle. The unique histopathologic features of this case suggest that
      coexistence of sarcoidosis with autoimmune collagen vascular diseases may be more
      than coincidence. A review of the immunologic status of patients with sarcoidosis
      and autoimmune collagen vascular disorders is presented with speculations on the
      relevance of potential disease-sustaining immunologic patterns of both groups of
      diseases.

PMID- 4067029
TI  - Pyoderma gangrenosum and chronic persistent hepatitis.
AB  - Pyoderma gangrenosum is a diagnosis of exclusion. A 36-year-old woman was
      clinically diagnosed as having pyoderma gangrenosum and appropriate exclusion
      tests were performed. Pyoderma gangrenosum may occur in association with
      underlying diseases such as leukemia, monoclonal gammopathy, inflammatory bowel
      disease, arthritis, and chronic active hepatitis. However, these diseases were
      excluded in this patient who did have chronic persistent hepatitis. To our
      knowledge, this is the first reported case of chronic persistent hepatitis and
      pyoderma gangrenosum.

PMID- 4067030
TI  - Punch biopsy of melanoma.
AB  - A 46-year-old albino woman is described with a melanoma on the leg from which a
      punch biopsy specimen was inadvertently taken. In the reexcision specimen, two
      biopsy wounds were recognized that were filled with tumor. The initial level III
      lesion had to be subsequently reported as a deep level IV amelanotic melanoma
      with an increased thickness. It is emphasized that in places where the
      subcutaneous fat is absent, punch or incision biopsy may thwart proper secondary
      excision.

PMID- 4067031
TI  - Painful subungual keratotic tumors in incontinentia pigmenti.
AB  - We report a case of dyskeratotic subungual tumor in a 28-year-old woman. The
      patient presented achromic lineal lesions, typical of residual incontinentia
      pigmenti (IP), on her legs. Furthermore, the physical examination showed
      anodontia of the right incisor tooth. The familial background demonstrated
      miscarriages of male fetuses and characteristic dental abnormalities of IP in
      female siblings. The patient's daughter presented a typical background of IP and
      dyschromic splashed lesions. Light and electron microscopic studies of the
      subungual tumors were made. The analogy between subungual tumors of IP and
      keratoacanthoma is emphasized.

PMID- 4067032
TI  - Evidence for forskolin binding sites in rat myocardium.
AB  - Forskolin binding sites have been identified in a preparation of rat myocardium
      using [3H]forskolin and [3H]14,15-dihydroforskolin ([3H]DHF) as radioligands. It
      could be shown that both ligands bind to the same site with only a slight
      difference in their affinities. Using the filtration method the binding sites
      were characterized by an affinity of about 250 nM for forskolin and about 650 nM
      for dihydroforskolin (DHF). The binding capacity was about 5 pmol/mg protein with
      both compounds. When using the centrifugation technique similar binding
      affinities were obtained; the binding capacity, however, was around 3 fold higher
      than with the filtration method. Under all conditions only one single group of
      independent binding sites was found. In contrast, stimulation of adenylate
      cyclase by forskolin was found to be negatively cooperative. These results
      indicate that stimulation of adenylate cyclase by forskolin is a very complicated
      mechanism and the binding procedure of forskolin to its binding sites can
      represent only a small part of this process.

PMID- 4067033
TI  - Roles of glucose and its interactions with acetate in maintenance and
      biosynthesis in bovine mammary tissue.
AB  - Mammary gland tissues from three lactating Holstein cows were sampled and slices
      incubated with various concentrations of glucose and in combinations with other
      substrates in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate-based media. Conversions of 1-and 2-carbon
      14 glucose to carbon dioxide, lactose, glyceride-glycerol, citrate, and fatty
      acids were determined. Glucose utilization increased asymptotically with glucose
      availability. Carbon dioxide, lactose, and glyceride glycerol production
      accounted for nearly 90% of glucose recovered. Only trace quantities of glucose
      were recovered as fatty acids. Estimates of apparent affinities for glucose use
      were in a physiological concentration range of glucose. Oxidation of glucose was
      positively correlated with availability of acetate. Acetate availability
      increased the ratio of 1-carbon-14 glucose to 2-carbon-14 glucose oxidation and
      decreased glucose conversion to fatty acids. Glucose conversion to glyceride
      glycerol was not affected by acetate availability. Primary uses of glucose are in
      lactose and glyceride glycerol synthesis and formation of reduced nicotinamide
      adenine dinucleotide phosphate for lipogenesis. Extensive use of glucose for
      these purposes may limit amounts available for fatty acid synthesis.

PMID- 4067034
TI  - Blood glucose kinetics in whole body and mammary gland of lactating goats exposed
      to heat.
AB  - Whole-body and mammary kinetics of blood glucose were measured in lactating goats
      exposed to thermoneutral, moderate hot, and severe hot environments for 4 d. Milk
      yields were reduced by 3 and 13% during moderate and severe heat exposure, but
      heat production was unchanged during the experiment. Concentrations of plasma
      glucose and free fatty acids did not change during heat exposure. Concentration
      of thyroxine tended to decrease and concentration of prolactin increased with
      increasing temperature. Whole-body turnover of blood glucose decreased
      significantly during both moderate and severe heat exposure. Blood glucose
      oxidation rate and contribution of blood glucose to total carbon dioxide
      production were not influenced by heat exposure. Mammary glucose uptake tended to
      decrease during heat exposure, and this reduction may account for the decreased
      whole-body turnover of blood glucose. The lactose concentration in milk was
      decreased on the 4th d of severe heat exposure. A relatively low production of
      milk lactose was apparently derived from blood glucose. These results suggest
      that the whole-body turnover of blood glucose decreases in step with a decrease
      in mammary glucose uptake during heat exposure in lactating goats.

PMID- 4067035
TI  - Interspecies variation in mammary gland growth rate: relationship to gestation
      length.
AB  - Growth of the mammary gland is measured by several indices including total wet
      weight, dry fat-free tissue, and deoxyribonucleic acid. The latter is a superior
      measure of true growth because it represents changes of cell numbers. Sufficient
      data have been generated to determine the relationship among species of mammals
      between gestation length and differences in rates of mammary growth. Exponential
      growth equations were estimated for eight mammalian species with gestation
      lengths from 16.5 d for the hamster to 280 d for the cow. The form of the most
      appropriate equation was Y = AeBx, where Y is mammary deoxyribonucleic acid or
      dry fat-free tissue, x is day of gestation, e is the base of natural logs, and A
      and B are constants. The A term was related to body weight (W) and the B-term to
      gestation length (G). Resulting equations were deoxyribonucleic acid (mg) =
      .0547W.803 e1.98 G-.98x and dry fat-free tissue (mg) = 2.35W.779 e.719 G-.77x.
      First-order rate constants of mammary growth ranged in a reverse order from a
      high of .141 d-1 in hamsters to a low of .008 d-1 in cows; in other words,
      mammary deoxyribonucleic acid in hamsters doubled in 4.9 d but in the bovine it
      took 87 d to double.

PMID- 4067036
TI  - Variations of 3-methylhistidine in blood of dairy cows.
AB  - Blood plasma 3-methylhistidine, in comparison with other blood variables, has
      been measured in high-yielding dairy cows with relation to energy and protein
      supply. Circulating 3-methylhistidine markedly increased to 1 wk after calving,
      then continuously decreased to 5 wk postpartum to lower than during the last 2 wk
      of pregnancy. In experiments 36 d after calving, circulating 3-methylhistidine
      did not change during 24 h despite marked variations of food intake. Peak 3
      methylhistidine immediately after parturition coincided with relatively low
      insulin, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, glucose, protein, and urea with elevated
      concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids and with greatest estimated energy
      and protein deficiencies. However, during the ensuing period to 12 wk of
      lactation, circulating 3-methylhistidine was not closely related to these
      measures nor to creatinine, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and milk production, but
      relationships to milk protein yield were close. The postparturient increase of 3
      methylhistidine may have been a consequence of enhanced breakdown of skeletal
      muscle and uterine smooth muscle or another pool with a transiently enhanced
      turnover rate. Variations of plasma 3-methylhistidine were associated only in
      part with estimated negative energy and protein balances and corresponding
      endocrine and metabolic adaptations.

PMID- 4067037
TI  - Influence of high dietary iron as ferrous carbonate and ferrous sulfate on iron
      metabolism in young calves.
AB  - Twelve intact male Holstein calves averaging 90 kg and 12 wk of age were fed one
      of three dietary treatments for 28 d. The diets were A) control, B) control plus
      1000 ppm iron as ferrous carbonate, and C) control plus 1000 ppm iron as ferrous
      sulfate monohydrate. Calves were dosed orally on d 15 of the treatment period
      with 1 mCi of iron-59. Neither source of added iron had a significant effect on
      weight gains, feed consumption, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, serum total iron,
      serum total iron-binding capacity, unbound iron-binding capacity, serum copper,
      tissue copper, fecal dry matter, or a consistent effect on fecal pH. The ferrous
      carbonate had no significant effect on stable zinc or stable iron in any tissue
      studied. Calves fed ferrous sulfate had higher average stable iron in most
      tissues and significantly more in the small intestine. Tissue zinc was lower in
      spleen and pancreas of ferrous sulfate-fed calves. Both sources of added iron
      sharply reduced iron-59 in serum, whole blood, and body tissues. The reduction
      was substantially greater in calves fed the ferrous sulfate iron. Iron in ferrous
      sulfate had a higher biological availability than that in the ferrous carbonate;
      however, bioavailability of the ferrous carbonate iron appeared to be substantial
      and considerably more than that noted in previous studies in which a different
      source of ferrous carbonate was used. The maximum safe level of dietary iron is
      materially influenced by the source of iron with a higher tolerance indicated for
      ferrous carbonated than ferrous sulfate monohydrate.

PMID- 4067039
TI  - Oxygen consumption by portal-drained viscera of cattle: comparison of analytical
      methods and relationship to whole body oxygen consumption.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to compare methods of determining oxygen
      consumption by portal-drained viscera and to relate this consumption to total
      oxygen consumption by lactating dairy cows. Oxygen consumption was the product of
      portal blood flow (determined by dilution of dye infused into a mesenteric vein)
      and portal-arterial concentration differences of oxygen. In Experiment 1, portal
      arterial concentrations of oxygen were determined in samples from three cows
      using equations based on blood pH, hemoglobin, partial pressure of carbon
      dioxide, and partial pressure of oxygen (method 1) or by direct oxygen
      determination with an oximeter (method 2). Overall, there were no differences in
      oxygen concentrations or oxygen consumption by portal-drained viscera between
      methods. In Experiment 2, oxygen consumption by portal-drained viscera (method 2)
      and total oxygen consumption were measured in two lactating cows. Oxygen
      consumption by portal-drained viscera accounted for 18% of total oxygen
      consumption.

PMID- 4067038
TI  - Milk production, health, behavior, and endocrine responses of cows exposed to
      electrical current during milking.
AB  - Six cows were exposed during milkings to electrical current to assess its effects
      on behavior, health, milking performance, and endocrine responses. Three
      treatments (0, 4, and 8 mA) were applied in a changeover design over three
      consecutive 1-wk periods. A cow received the same current treatment during 14
      consecutive milkings, beginning with the evening milking (d 1) and ending with
      the morning milking (d 8). Treatments began 5 min before milking and continued
      until milking unit removal. Treatments consisted of 60 Hz square wave current of
      5-s duration applied every 30 s from udder to hooves. Milk accumulation curves
      provided information about milk yields, milking times, peak milk flow rates, and
      times of peak milk flow. Residual milk yields also were measured. Milk was
      analyzed for protein, fat, and somatic cells. Blood samples from 60 min before to
      60 min after treatment were collected, and oxytocin, prolactin, and cortisol
      concentrations were measured. Behavioral responses to current decreased with
      time. Changes of milking performance and milk composition were not significant.
      Changes of milking related cortisol responses during 8-mA current stimulation
      were significant. Oxytocin release was delayed during 8-mA treatments. Current
      treatments did not affect prolactin.

PMID- 4067040
TI  - Comparison of pregnancy diagnosis by milk progesterone on day 21 and day 24
      postbreeding: field study in dairy cattle.
AB  - Milk samples collected at 21 and 24 d after breeding were used to diagnose cows
      as pregnant, questionable, or not pregnant with high, intermediate, or low
      progesterone in the milk. Total agreement of pregnancy diagnosis in cows by milk
      progesterone at 21 d postbreeding and diagnosis by return to estrus or palpation
      of reproductive organs was 85.8% (77.4% on pregnant progesterone diagnosis and
      97.2% on not pregnant progesterone diagnosis). Total agreement of diagnosis by
      progesterone at 24 d postbreeding and diagnosis by estrus or palpation was 88.4%
      (83.5% on pregnant progesterone diagnosis and 95.3% on not pregnant progesterone
      diagnosis). Although total accuracy of cows diagnosed both pregnant and not
      pregnant by milk progesterone on d 24 postbreeding was greater than diagnosis on
      d 21 postbreeding when cows in estrus by d 24 were deleted from the data, other
      comparisons for effect of day on accuracy of diagnosis were not different. Total
      accuracy of diagnosis on d 24 was not increased by using milk progesterone on
      both d 21 and 24. Samples collected on the day of breeding indicated that 18 of
      960 (1.9%) had intermediate or high progesterone. Fourteen (1.5%) additional cows
      had progesterone above levels expected for a cow in estrus.

PMID- 4067041
TI  - Functionality of heated milk proteins in dairy and related foods.

PMID- 4067043
TI  - Potential aflatoxin hazards to human health from direct mold growth on Teleme
      cheese.
AB  - Ninety-four commercial Teleme cheese samples were examined for aflatoxins
      produced by direct mold growth. The mycoflora on the cheese and in the atmosphere
      of Teleme cheese plants also were monitored. Penicillium and Aspergillus genera
      were tested for aflatoxin production after growth on Teleme cheese at 25 degrees
      C. In all cases, over 78% of the molds were Penicillium species. Aspergillus made
      up 3.8 to 3.9% and 0 to 7.3% of the mold on cheese and in the plant atmosphere,
      respectively. None of the commercial samples contained aflatoxins and none of the
      448 Penicillium isolates was an aflatoxin producer. Of 22 Aspergillus species,
      one was capable of producing aflatoxins after direct growth on cheese. Because
      the physicochemical characteristics of Teleme cheese (high moisture, low pH, and
      medium salt concentration) favor mold growth, care should be taken to avoid
      contamination of the cheese by aspergilli.

PMID- 4067042
TI  - Determination of lactose by an enzymatic method.
AB  - The general methodology used for the determination of lactose in milk is
      considered, namely, polarimetry, gravimetry, infrared, colorimetry, gas-liquid
      chromatography, and high pressure liquid chromatography. The criteria for
      selecting an ideal analytical method followed by the relevance of most of these
      criteria in enzymatic methodology are discussed. The principle of the Boehringer
      Mannheim method is presented, i.e., lactose is hydrolyzed to glucose and beta
      galactose in the presence of beta-galactosidase and water. beta-Galactose is then
      oxidized by nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide to galactonic acid in the presence
      of beta-galactose dehydrogenase. The amount of reduced nicotinamide-adenine
      dinucleotide formed is stoichiometric with the amount of lactose and is measured
      at 340 nm in a spectrophotometer possessing a slit width of less than or equal to
      10 nm. The results of a recent Association of Official Analytical Chemists
      collaborative study of the B-M method are presented. From the overall mean of
      results on all samples, determinations by the enzymatic method averaged .49%
      lower than by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists gravimetric method.
      Standard deviations were similar for three sets of blind duplicates, which ranged
      between 3.67 and 4.55% lactose. F-Values revealed that variations between means
      obtained by laboratories differed significantly as compared with variations
      within laboratory means. The method has received Official First Action
      recognition by Association of Official Analytical Chemists.

PMID- 4067044
TI  - Energy disappearance in hindgut of sheep.
AB  - Digestibility and disappearance of energy in the large intestine of sheep fed 75%
      concentrates was investigated with Cerium-141 as an unabsorbed reference
      substance. Cecal fermentation increased acetic acid and decreased propionic acid
      compared with ruminal fermentation. This situation was associated with cellulose
      disappearance in the lower gut and accounted for 26% of total cellulose
      disappearance from the entire alimentary tract. Energy disappearance in the
      hindgut accounted for 13% of energy disappearance in the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 4067045
TI  - Effects of supplemental vitamin E on the performance and metabolic profiles of
      dairy calves.
AB  - Twenty-eight Holstein heifer calves were allotted at birth to one of four
      treatments: 1) 0 mg, 2) 1,400 mg, or 3) 2,800 mg of dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate
      given orally at weekly intervals, or 4) 1,400 IU of dl-alpha-tocopherol weekly by
      intramuscular injection in order for us to study their performance and metabolic
      profile. Calves were fed milk at 8% of birth weight until they were weaned at 6
      wk of age and fed a complete calf starter ad libitum from birth. Calves were on
      experiment for 12 wk. There were no significant differences in weekly weight
      gains, starter consumption, and fecal scores among treatments. However, there was
      a trend toward greater starter consumption and weight gains in supplemental
      calves. Serum alpha-tocopherol concentration measured after 7 d of each
      administration was significantly higher at wk 4 in calves given the high oral
      supplementation and at wk 2, 4, 6, and 8 higher in injected calves than in
      unsupplemented calves. Creatine kinase activity was higher in unsupplemented
      calves and negatively correlated with serum alpha-tocopherol until wk 8,
      suggesting preclinical muscular dystrophy. Alkaline phosphatase activity was
      higher with the high oral supplementation. Serum carbon dioxide values showed a
      trend toward positive correlation with those for serum tocopherol; however, the
      values were within normal range. There were no significant differences in
      creatinine, glucose, phosphorus, calcium, urea nitrogen, chloride, sodium,
      potassium, albumin, and total protein among treatments. Serum glucose was higher
      in all calves at wk 10 and 12 than at wk 4, 6, and 8. Calves may not get enough
      vitamin E with conventional calf starters, and supplementation may be essential
      to obtain maximum performance.

PMID- 4067046
TI  - Genetic parameters of bovine serum immunoglobulins.
AB  - Radial immunodiffusion techniques were used to determine serum concentrations of
      immunoglobulins G1, G2, M, and A in 1,293 daughters of 282 Holstein-Friesian
      sires from 31 herds in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Mean serum immunoglobulin
      concentrations (mg/100 ml) were 2,163, 2,409, 531, and 107 for immunoglobulins
      G1, G2, M, and A, respectively. Herd effects were significant for all four
      immunoglobulin isotypes. Age of cow effects were significant for immunoglobulins
      G1 and G2 only. Both immunoglobulins G1 and G2 increased with age, but the rate
      of increase of G2 was twice that of G1. Stage of lactation had a significant
      effect on G2 and M. Immunoglobulin G2 was highest in the first 200 d post-calving
      and immunoglobulin M was highest late in lactation and during the dry period.
      Paternal half-sib heritabilities for immunoglobulins G1, G2, M, and A were .10,
      .10, .09, and .14, respectively. Genetic correlations among the four
      immunoglobulin isotypes ranged from .49 to 1.02. Genetic correlations between
      immunoglobulin G2 and 305-d milk and fat yields were .36 and .13 and between
      immunoglobulin A and 305-d milk and fat yields were .37 and .63. Genetic
      correlations between immunoglobulin M and milk and fat production were negative (
      .83 and -.34). Phenotypic correlations between immunoglobulin isotypes were low
      except for the correlation between immunoglobulins G1 and G2, which was .36.

PMID- 4067047
TI  - Counting mammalian spermatozoa in biological fluids containing particulate
      matter.
AB  - Accurate counting of spermatozoa in biological fluids by particle counters
      requires elimination of competing background. This was accomplished by dissolving
      cell organelles and other lipid and proteinaceous material with sodium dodecyl
      sulfate to leave the sperm nucleus. Progress of selective dissolution of
      interfering background versus sperm nuclei was monitored by phase contrast
      microscopy. Rabbit semen was diluted in 2.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (wt/vol) and
      then 1:1 (vol/vol) with .5 M sodium hydroxide. Suspensions were incubated,
      diluted 1:200 in .1 M sodium citrate-.1% Triton-X, and counted after 5, 10, and
      20 min with a Coulter Counter. All treatment times resulted in similar mean
      counts, ranging from 367 to 369 X 10(6) sperm/ml. These means were slightly
      higher than the 350 X 10(6) sperm/ml for hemocytometer counts, but the
      correlation with hemocytometer counts was r greater than or equal to .98. Bull
      semen was diluted in either 1) citrate-Triton-X, 2) .25 M Tris-20% egg yolk, or
      3) heated whole milk and further treated with 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate and .5 M
      sodium hydroxide. After 15 min, treated samples were diluted 1:200 in citrate
      Triton-X and counted. Following treatment, estimated sperm concentration in the
      three diluents was not different from that of untreated sperm in citrate-Triton
      X. The procedure was successfully applied to bull sperm diluted in milk and
      packaged in .5-ml French straws used routinely for artificial insemination.

PMID- 4067048
TI  - Path analysis of dry period nutrition, postpartum metabolic and reproductive
      disorders, and mastitis in Holstein cows.
AB  - Path analysis and logistic regression were used to model direct and indirect
      relationships among clinical periparturient (within 30 d after calving) retained
      placenta, metritis, veterinary-assisted dystocia, uncomplicated and complicated
      ketosis, left displaced abomasum, parturient paresis, mastitis, and estimated
      nutrient intakes (protein, calcium, phosphorus, energy; coded into terciles) in
      the last 3 wk of the dry period. Data were from 1,374 multiparous Holstein
      lactations for calvings from March 1981 through February 1982 in 31 commercial
      herds in central New York. Periparturient disorders occurred as a complex. Odds
      ratios for the multiplicative effects of parturient paresis on incidence of
      veterinary-assisted dystocia, retained placenta, complicated ketosis, and
      clinical mastitis were 7.2, 4.0, 23.6, and 5.4, respectively. Reproductive
      disorders were interrelated. Retained placenta, left displaced abomasum, and
      parturient paresis directly increased risk of complicated ketosis (odds ratios
      were 16.4, 53.5, and 23.6, respectively). Higher terciles of estimated energy
      intake in the last 3 wk of the dry period decreased risk of veterinary-assisted
      dystocia and left displaced abomasum, while higher terciles of estimated protein
      intake decreased risk of retained placenta and uncomplicated ketosis. Estimated
      nutrient intakes were directly related to subsequent metabolic disorders and
      directly and indirectly related (mediated by metabolic disorders) to reproductive
      disorders. The study suggests that feeding higher intakes (relative to National
      Research Council recommendations) of protein and energy in the last 3 week of the
      dry period may reduce the incidence of metabolic and reproductive disorders.
      Exact recommendations as to the amounts and types of feed cannot be made from our
      results.

PMID- 4067049
TI  - Efficacy of morantel tartrate in a sustained release bolus on the control of
      subclinical gastrointestinal parasitism in first-year grazing dairy replacements.
AB  - Thirty-four heifers (24 Holstein, 8 Ayrshire, 2 Jersey) and 12 Holstein steer
      calves were grouped into 23 blocks of 2 animals each according to breed, sex, and
      body weight. Animals in each block were randomly assigned to control or treated
      groups. The treated group received an anthelmintic bolus containing morantel
      tartrate before they were permitted access to pasture. A 2.6 ha pasture was
      divided in half with a double fence; the resulting two pastures had separate feed
      and water troughs. Steer calves were slaughtered upon termination of the trial to
      ascertain gastrointestinal parasite burdens. Two worm-free tracer calves were
      placed on each pasture every 2 mo and slaughtered after 4 wk of grazing to
      determine parasite infectivity of pastures. Herbage samples were obtained monthly
      and analyzed for infective larvae. The trial was conducted for 141 d during the
      grazing season. Treatment resulted in 90% reduction in infective larvae on
      pasture, 74% reduction in fecal worm-eggs, 91% reduction in adult worm burdens,
      and a trend toward reduced worm burdens in tracer calves by 52%. An overall
      average daily gain of .68 and .88 kg was obtained for control and treated
      animals. Reproductive data for the heifers remaining in the herd from the trial
      showed that treatment resulted in 44 less days to first breeding.

PMID- 4067051
TI  - Complication after sclerotherapy.

PMID- 4067050
TI  - Effects of sarsaponin on digestion and passage rates in cattle fed medium to low
      concentrate.
AB  - Four dairy cows with duodenal cannulae were fed diets consisting of sorghum
      silage (67% of dietary dry matter) at 85% of ad libitum intake with 0 (control
      diet) or 44 ppm (dry matter) sarsaponin (sarsaponin diet) in a crossover
      experiment. Digestion coefficients for organic matter were low but increased by
      addition of sarsaponin both in the rumen (43.7 versus 32.4%) and total tract
      (52.1 versus 48.2%). Digestibilities of starch and nitrogen in the rumen and
      total tract and passage rates of fluid, concentrate, and silage tended to be
      greater for the sarsaponin diet. Extent of ruminal digestion of organic matter
      was related to passage rate of concentrate (correlation .81) and fluid
      (correlation .75). In a second study, diets contained 50% concentrate either with
      or without sarsaponin added at 44 ppm. Ruminal pH for animals given sarsaponin
      tended to be lower 4, 8, and 12 h after feeding. In situ rate constants of dry
      matter disappearance tended to be greater with the control diet for corn,
      alfalfa, and prairie hay and lower for milo and soybean meal. Lag time of
      digestion tended to be longer with the sarsaponin diet for corn, milo, soybean
      meal, and corn gluten meal but shorter for alfalfa and prairie hay. Although
      sarsaponin may increase ruminal digestion of medium to low concentrate diets, in
      situ data indicate that effects may differ with type of feed.

PMID- 4067052
TI  - Cryosurgery for tumors of the ear.

PMID- 4067053
TI  - Argon laser photocoagulative therapy of Kaposi's sarcoma: a clinical and
      histologic evaluation.

PMID- 4067054
TI  - Steroids after skin surgery.

PMID- 4067055
TI  - Chemosurgical report: basal cell carcinoma involving the external auditory canal-
      treatment with Mohs micrographic surgery.

PMID- 4067057
TI  - Subungual basal cell carcinoma.
AB  - Subungual basal cell carcinoma is rare. Only eight cases, all involving fingers,
      are on record. Two additional cases are reported in this paper. One lesion was on
      a toe, the only one observed at this site. As the lesion may simulate a number of
      conditions, most of which are benign, the importance of obtaining a biopsy from a
      recalcitrant lesion of the nail organ cannot be overemphasized.

PMID- 4067056
TI  - Mohs surgery for periocular basal cell carcinomas.
AB  - Cure rates for 631 periocular basal cell carcinomas treated by Mohs surgery
      proved to be 98.1% for primary lesions and 93.6% for previously treated lesions.
      All recurrences of primary lesions post-Mohs surgery were located in the medial
      canthus. Among lesions previously treated, recurrence rates after Mohs surgery
      were twice as high for medial canthal lesions as for other periocular basal cell
      carcinomas, 9.5 and 4.5%, respectively. A threefold increased risk of recurrence
      was observed for medial canthal lesions (post-Mohs surgery) previously treated by
      radiation as compared to all other treatment modalities. This high recurrence
      rate may reflect past practices of treating large medial canthal basal cell
      carcinomas with radiation rather than by other means. Results of our study
      indicate that primary basal cell carcinomas in the medial canthus can be treated
      by microscopically controlled excision with excellent results.

PMID- 4067058
TI  - Basal cell carcinoma associated with keratoacanthoma.
AB  - This report describes a basal cell carcinoma associated with a keratoacanthoma,
      showing a histologic transition between the two lesions. Two previously reported
      cases of basal cell carcinoma are associated with keratoacanthoma, but do not
      show a transition between the two lesions. The malignant potential of the
      keratoacanthoma in this case is emphasized.

PMID- 4067059
TI  - Outcome and costs of intensive care. A follow-up study on 238 ICU-patients.
AB  - A retrospective follow-up study was performed on 238 consecutive admissions in
      the surgical ICU. The patients were grouped into four categories according to the
      therapeutic intervention scoring system: 14 in class I, 13 in class II, 81 in
      class III and 130 in class IV. The mortality rate during their stay in the ICU
      (5.4%), after discharge from the ICU (2.1%) and 2 years after discharge from the
      hospital (7.6%) was estimated. The functional state after discharge from the
      hospital showed that 74% of the patients resumed their normal work, 10% were
      handicapped but self-reliant, and 1.3% were dependent on others in order to
      pursue their daily activities. Fifty-two percent of the total hospitalization
      costs were generated during the ICU stage which accounted for 17.5% of the
      hospitalization period. Sixty percent of the total financial investment was spent
      on the group of survivors who resumed normal work. The mean cost per survivor was
      $7095 or $1 per survivor per day of active life over an average span of 15 years
      survival after discharge from the hospital.

PMID- 4067060
TI  - A review of paediatric admissions to a general intensive therapy unit over a 13
      year period.
AB  - Paediatric admissions to a general ITU are briefly reviewed. Although it may not
      be an ideal arrangement it is suggested that children can be safely cared for in
      such a unit. The problems created by the child with acute upper airway
      obstruction are discussed to demonstrate the way in which the unit is organized
      to receive acutely ill children.

PMID- 4067061
TI  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome in leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae infection.
AB  - A 55-year-old man was admitted to our Intensive Care Unit with symptoms and signs
      of Weil's disease. Respiratory failure developed. Radiological and haemodynamic
      features were consistent with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. The
      patient recovered after mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory
      pressure. This case confirms that the adult respiratory distress syndrome may
      occur in leptospirosis.

PMID- 4067062
TI  - Hypokalaemic coma.
AB  - A 55-year-old woman with renal tubular acidosis and urinary potassium wasting
      became comatose and subsequently fitted when her plasma potassium level fell to
      0.9 mmol/l. Her neurological state resolved with potassium therapy. She had no
      other recognised cause for her coma. It appears that coma represents the extreme
      of the spectrum of neurological change that may occur in association with
      hypokalaemia.

PMID- 4067063
TI  - Effects of low dose oral triiodothyronine in myxoedema coma.
AB  - Some of the immediate cardiovascular changes and alterations in oxygenation
      occurring in a patient in myxoedema coma following the oral administration of a
      single dose of triiodothyronine (T3) (2.5 micrograms) are described. These
      included increases in oxygen consumption, oxygen delivery, cardiac output, heart
      rate and ventricular stroke work. Low dose oral T3 can be effective in myxoedema
      coma and these patients may benefit from the continuous, comprehensive monitoring
      which can be provided in an intensive care unit. Our observations suggest that
      over-vigorous attempts to reverse the hypothyroid state could precipitate tissue
      hypoxia and/or myocardial ischaemia.

PMID- 4067064
TI  - Pressure in large volume, low pressure cuffs: its significance, measurement and
      regulation.

PMID- 4067066
TI  - A technique for correct positioning of central vein catheters.

PMID- 4067065
TI  - Plasma fibronectin levels in amniotic fluid embolism.

PMID- 4067067
TI  - Glottal source-vocal tract interaction.
AB  - The problem of glottal source-vocal tract interaction is treated. The effect of
      the first formant load on the waveform of glottal volume flow is investigated by
      solving a nonlinear differential equation which describes the variation of
      pressure drop across the first formant load. The glottal volume flow is
      calculated under the influence of supraglottal and subglottal formant loads. The
      estimation of the glottal area function is discussed as an application of the
      theory developed.

PMID- 4067068
TI  - An examination of intra-articulator relative timing.
AB  - The relative timing of consonant and vowel related movements of the tongue dorsum
      across variations in stress patterns was examined in two subjects using a
      computerized pulsed ultrasound system. The patterns observed were similar to
      those reported by Tuller et al. [J. Exp. Psychol. H.P.P. 8, 460-472 (1982)] for
      interarticulator timing. Correlations between the duration of a "period," defined
      as the interval between the onsets of movements associated with adjacent vowels,
      and the "latency," defined as the interval between the beginning of the period
      and the point in the period at which movement associated with the intervocalic
      consonant begins, were positive and reliable. The source of this correlation
      pattern was examined and found not to be due to a scaling of an invariant phase
      relation but rather due to a main effect for stress on the vowel-to-vowel
      articulatory period combined with an artifactual part-whole correlation within
      each stress level.

PMID- 4067070
TI  - Intrinsic fundamental frequency of vowels in sentence context.
AB  - High vowels have a higher intrinsic fundamental frequency (F0) than low vowels.
      This phenomenon has been verified in several languages. However, most studies of
      intrinsic F0 of vowels have used words either in isolation or bearing the main
      phrasal stress in a carrier sentence. As a first step towards an understanding of
      how the intrinsic F0 of vowels interacts with intonation in running speech, this
      study examined F0 of the vowels [i,a,u] in four sentence positions. The four
      speakers used for this study showed a statistically significant main effect of
      intrinsic F0 (high vowels had higher F0). Three of the four speakers also showed
      an interaction between intrinsic F0 and sentence position such that no
      significant F0 difference was observed in the unaccented, sentence-final
      position. The interaction was shown not to be due to vowel neutralization or
      correlated with changes in the glottal waveform shape, as evidenced by measures
      of the first formant frequency and spectral slope. Comparison with studies of
      tone languages and speech of the deaf suggests that both the lack of accent and
      the lower F0 caused the reduction in the intrinsic F0 difference.

PMID- 4067069
TI  - Fundamental frequency correlates of stop consonant voicing and vowel quality in
      the speech of preadolescent children.
AB  - Fundamental frequency (F0) and voice onset time (VOT) were measured in utterances
      containing voiceless aspirated [ph, th, kh], voiceless unaspirated [sp, st, sk],
      and voiced [b, d, g] stop consonants produced in the context of [i, e, u, o, a]
      by 8- to 9-year-old subjects. The results revealed that VOT reliably
      differentiated voiceless aspirated from voiceless unaspirated and voiced stops,
      whereas F0 significantly contrasted voiced with voiceless aspirated and
      unaspirated stops, except for the first glottal period, where voiceless
      unaspirated stops contrasted with the other two categories. Fundamental frequency
      consistently differentiated vowel height in alveolar and velar stop consonant
      environments only. In comparing the results of these children and of adults, it
      was observed that the acoustic correlates of stop consonant voicing and vowel
      quality were different not only in absolute values, but also in terms of
      variability. Further analyses suggested that children were more variable in
      production due to inconsistency in achieving specific targets. The findings also
      suggest that, of the acoustic correlates of the voicing feature, the primary
      distinction of VOT is strongly developed by 8-9 years of age, whereas the
      secondary distinction of F0 is still in an emerging state.

PMID- 4067071
TI  - On the loudness of complex stimuli and its relationship to cochlear excitation.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to reexamine the relation between loudness and the
      bandwidth of complex stimuli. In experiment 1, experimental stimuli consisting of
      a 2000-Hz pure tone and ten computer-generated multitonal complexes ranging in
      bandwidth from 0.26-3.16 oct, logarithmically centered at 2000 Hz, were matched
      in loudness to a 2000-Hz comparison pure tone presented at 90, 70, and 30 dB SPL.
      The SPL of the experimental stimuli required for equal loudness was linearly
      related to bandwidth (in octaves) for each of the three comparison stimulus
      levels. In experiment 2, the loudness behavior of narrow-bandwidth stimuli within
      the previously reported critical band region was examined. The results indicated
      a linear relation similar to that obtained in experiment 1. These results are
      consistent with an auditory filter concept in which frequency is continuously
      encoded along the basilar membrane and in which loudness of complex stimuli is
      linearly related to area of excitation.

PMID- 4067072
TI  - The effect of competing melodies on melody recognition by hearing-impaired and
      normal-hearing listeners.
AB  - For a group of 30 hearing-impaired subjects and a matched group of 15 normal
      hearing subjects (age range 13-17) the following data were collected: the tone
      audiogram, the auditory bandwidth at 1000 Hz, and the recognition threshold of a
      short melody presented simultaneously with two other melodies, lower and higher
      in frequency, respectively. The threshold was defined as the frequency distance
      required to recognize the test melody. It was found that, whereas the mean
      recognition threshold for the normal-hearing subjects was five semitones, it was,
      on the average, 27 semitones for the hearing-impaired subjects. Although the
      interindividual spread for the latter group was large, it did not correlate with
      the subjects' auditory bandwidth, nor with their musical experience or education.

PMID- 4067073
TI  - The hearing aid feedback path: mathematical simulations and experimental
      verification.
AB  - Acoustic feedback in hearing aids has received little attention in the
      literature. Feedback occurs when stability conditions of the open-loop transfer
      function of an in situ hearing aid are violated. Solving the feedback problem
      will first require knowledge of the open-loop transfer function. Included in the
      open-loop transfer function is the acoustical path by which sound emanating from
      the earmold vent returns to the microphone (i.e., the feedback path). Reported
      herein are two different mathematical procedures for simulating transfer
      functions of the feedback path of an eyeglass-type hearing aid. In one procedure
      the vent exit was modeled as a point source of sound located on a flat plane,
      while it was treated as a point source on a sphere in the other. Results of
      laboratory experiments indicate that the mathematical models accurately predict
      those acoustic phenomena for which they were intended: point sources on plane and
      spherical baffles. Results of manikin experiments showed both models to be less
      accurate for simulating the feedback path around the human head. The maximum
      difference between experiment and theory was 6 dB at one frequency. Surprisingly,
      the flat-baffle model produced better agreement with experimental results than
      did the sphere model.

PMID- 4067074
TI  - Is real-ear attenuation at threshold a function of hearing level?
AB  - In the course of measuring the real-ear attenuation at threshold (REAT) of
      experimenter-inserted E-A-R foam earplugs on 100 subjects, a statistically
      significant correlation was observed between attenuation and hearing level (for
      normal listeners, HTL less than or equal to 20 dB) at test frequencies from 2-8
      kHz. Listeners with more sensitive hearing obtained better protection. The
      relationship was most robust at 6 and 8 kHz. For hearing levels greater than 20
      dB, attenuation appeared independent of hearing level. A hypothesis was developed
      to explain the relationship for the normal listeners, based upon the fact that
      the high-frequency attenuation of the earplug was nearly bone-conduction limited.
      The hypothesis suggested that the attenuation of a hearing protector that
      provided substantially lower protection would not exhibit the same relationship.
      Data for such a device were collected for 70 subjects, and indeed demonstrated
      reduced correlation between attenuation and hearing level. Implications of the
      results of the experiments are discussed with regard to hearing level
      requirements for hearing protector attenuation test subjects, utilization of
      hearing-impaired listeners to measure REAT at suprathreshold (with respect to
      normal listeners) sound pressure levels, and linearity of hearing protector
      attenuation as a function of sound level.

PMID- 4067075
TI  - The spatial distribution of sound pressure within scaled replicas of the human
      ear canal.
AB  - A theoretical model for calculating the variation of sound pressure within the
      ear canal is presented. The theory is an extension of the horn equation approach,
      and accounts for the variation of cross-sectional area and curvature of the ear
      canal along its length. Absorption of acoustic energy at the eardrum is included
      empirically through an effective eardrum impedance that acts at a single location
      in the canal. For comparison, measurements of the distribution of sound pressure
      have been made in two replica ear canals. Both replicas have geometries that
      duplicate, as nearly as possible, that of a real human ear canal, except that
      they have been scaled up in size to increase the precision of measurements. One
      of the replicas explicitly contains a load impedance to provide acoustical
      absorption at a single eardrum position. Agreement between theory and experiment
      was good. It is clear that at higher frequencies (above about 6 kHz in human ear
      canals), this theoretical approach is preferable to the more usual "uniform
      cylinder" approximation for the ear canal. At higher frequencies, there is no
      unique eardrum pressure; rather, very large variations of sound pressure are
      found over the tympanic membrane surface.

PMID- 4067076
TI  - Distortion product otoacoustic emissions in hearing-impaired mutant mice.
AB  - The acoustic intermodulation distortion product (2f1-f2) was recorded in the ear
      canal of two different types of normally hearing mice and in four different types
      of hearing-impaired mutant mice. In the normally hearing animals, primary tones
      at levels of 60- to 100-dB SPL evoked distortion product emissions (DP's) at 20
      50 dB below the primary levels. In the hearing-impaired mutants the level was
      dependent on the particular type of auditory dysfunction associated with the
      mutation. In both the deafness and the viable dominant spotting mutants, where
      either the whole organ of Corti or the stria vascularis is affected by the
      mutation, no DP's could be detected. The quivering mutant has a central auditory
      dysfunction associated with the nuclei of the superior olivary complex and the
      lateral lemniscus, with apparently normal cochlear function. DP's at levels and
      thresholds similar to those in normally hearing animals were recorded in
      quivering mice. The Bronx Waltzer mutant has a full complement of outer hair
      cells but only about of 20%-25% inner hair cells. DP's of small amplitude were
      recorded but the thresholds were raised by about 30 dB. The data suggest that the
      2f1-f2 emission can be used as a noninvasive monitor of cochlear function.

PMID- 4067077
TI  - Speech processing in the auditory system. I: The representation of speech sounds
      in the responses of the auditory nerve.
AB  - In a previous paper the speech evoked spatio-temporal response patterns recorded
      in large populations of auditory-nerve fibers in the cat were examined [M.I.
      Miller and M.B. Sachs, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 74, 502-517 (1983)]. The distribution
      of the relative phases of synchronized activity emerges as an important response
      feature reflecting the stimulus spectral parameters. Specifically, each strong
      low-order harmonic of the stimulus (less than or equal to 1.5-2 kHz) dominates
      the synchrony of a relatively broad segment of fibers near its corresponding
      characteristic frequency (CF) location in a pattern which mirrors the underlying
      traveling wave component. Each such fiber segment can be roughly subdivided into
      two regions: (1) a region basal to the point of resonance of the harmonic where
      the fiber PST histograms accumulate only small delays (or phase shifts) relative
      to each other reflecting the fast speed of propagation of the traveling wave, and
      (2) a region at or very near the point of resonance where the responses exhibit
      drastic relative phase shifts owing to the sudden slow down of the traveling wave
      and the consequent rapid accumulation of phase shifts. These rapid phase shifts
      thus manifest themselves as steep and localized spatial discontinuities in an
      otherwise relatively uniform instantaneous pattern of activity across the fiber
      array, all occurring at the CF locations corresponding to the low-order harmonics
      of the stimulus.

PMID- 4067078
TI  - Changes in the phase of excitor-tone responses in cat auditory-nerve fibers by
      suppressor tones and fatigue.
AB  - The responses of single auditory-nerve fibers in anesthetized cats to two-tone
      stimuli were studied. One of the two tones, F1, was near, above, or below
      characteristic frequency (CF). The second tone, F2, was located above CF. With
      sufficient care, F2 was made purely suppressive, eliciting no synchrony responses
      by itself. The vector phases of the associated period histogram calculated for F1
      were carefully studied. For 78% of the fibers under study, a statistically
      significant increase in phase lag was consistently observed when a suppression of
      rate discharge occurred. The phase-intensity curve did not approximate a
      horizontally shifted version of the unsuppressed curve, as is seen for the
      related rate- and synchrony-intensity curves; rather, the amount of phase shift
      at any one stimulus condition tended to be monotonically related to the amount of
      rate suppression generated (vertical shift). Using two different measures, a
      significant correlation was found between the added phase lag and the discharge
      rate reduction caused by F2. The amount of phase lag, along with the
      corresponding rate reduction, increases with the increasing intensity of F2
      within the suppression area, and decreases as F2 moves away from it. These phase
      lag effects were found to be uncorrelated with a fiber's CF, with its spontaneous
      rate, with its threshold, or with its Q value. By contrast, a reduction of
      discharge rate due to adaptation was not accompanied by any significant phase
      shift. Fatigue of the fiber due to lengthy sound exposure was found to have
      strong effects on the shift of response phase to single-tone stimuli.

PMID- 4067079
TI  - Click lateralization is related to the beta component of the dichotic brainstem
      auditory evoked potentials of human subjects.
AB  - The changes in perception and in the binaural difference waveform (BD) for
      dichotic clicks with interaural time and level differences (ITDs and ILDs) are
      compared. Only beta, the first major peak of the BD, correlated with the
      perceptual measurements. Whenever beta is clearly present, the clicks are
      perceived as a unitary fused image. Whenever the clicks are perceived as not
      fused, beta is undetectable by our methods. The amplitude of beta remains nearly
      constant as the ITD is increased to about 1 ms, while the click's position is
      perceived as moving from midline toward the leading ear. Over about the next 0.2
      ms, beta becomes undetectable, as the image stops moving and loses its fused
      quality. As the ILD is increased, beta amplitude decreases gradually, while the
      image remains unitary and moves toward the unattenuated earphone. Thus beta
      becomes undetectable for ILDs of 30 to 35 dB, and the dichotic clicks become
      indistinguishable from monotic clicks for ILDs of 44 to 53 dB. The ITD and ILD
      matching curve for beta latency is similar to the ITD and ILD psychophysical
      matching curve for lateralization. These results suggest that beta is a
      physiological correlate of the categorical percept, binaural fusion, and is
      generated by a brainstem structure essential for the preception of click
      lateralization.

PMID- 4067080
TI  - A speech-to-noise ratio measurement algorithm.
AB  - An algorithm to measure speech-to-noise ratios has been implemented on a
      minicomputer. The algorithm attributes the energy within each consecutive 20-ms
      frame of a speech-plus-noise waveform to either a speech or noise source. This
      discrimination process is based upon the known characteristics of frame energy
      histograms of such waveforms. In response to observed inaccuracies of this
      discrimination process in cases of low speech versus noise separation, a method
      of estimating the speech Vrms of the signal is incorporated which attempts to
      recover speech energy, "masked" by noise. The algorithm's ability to track known
      speech-to-noise ratios on a decibel-for-decibel basis down to a ratio of
      approximately 5 dB has been demonstrated by experimentation.

PMID- 4067081
TI  - Shape oscillations of microparticles on an optical microscope stage.
AB  - A modulated acoustic radiation pressure technique to produce quadrupole shape
      oscillations of drops ranging in diameter from 50-220 micron has been used by us.
      These drops have been suspended by acoustic levitation in a small chamber mounted
      on a stage of an optical microscope, which allowed easy viewing. The fission of
      drops and the deformation of sea urchin eggs were also observed.

PMID- 4067082
TI  - A precise technique for the measurement of acoustic cavitation thresholds and
      some preliminary results.
AB  - A description is given of a precise technique for measuring the threshold for
      acoustic cavitation inception. The system, which is automated so as to remove
      operator involvement, utilizes a slow ramping of the acoustic pressure amplitude
      until cavitation occurs. The detection criterion is the generation of a
      sufficiently intense sonoluminescent signal. Measurements made in filtered water
      show a well-defined, reproducible, and stable cavitation threshold. Measurements
      of the dependence of the threshold on filter size, on time, and on the
      concentration of dissolved ions for various salts are also presented. Many of
      these results appear anomalous.

PMID- 4067083
TI  - Nearfield of a piston source of ultrasound in an absorbing medium.
AB  - Approximate expressions are discussed which are applicable for acoustic
      quantities in the vicinity of a plane piston source of ultrasound which radiates
      into an absorbing medium. A particularly useful approach for nearfield
      calculations combines an expression valid near the axis with another, given by
      Pierce [Acoustics, An Introduction to Its Physical Principles and Applications
      (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1981), Chap. 5], which is valid elsewhere. This approach
      gives reasonable accuracy at relatively low computational cost. Computed plots
      are presented, showing spatial distributions of the square of the pressure
      amplitude. Most of the plots are for a source diameter of 1.2 cm, a frequency of
      3 MHz, and an absorption coefficient of 0.15 Np/cm; these are representative of
      conditions for medical applications of ultrasound.

PMID- 4067084
TI  - An optical telemetry device to identify which dolphin produces a sound.
AB  - A small telemetry device, called a "vocalight," was designed for attachment to a
      dolphin's head using a suction cup. The vocalight lights up a variable number of
      light-emitting diodes depending upon the loudness of sounds received at a
      hydrophone within the suction cup. If vocalights matched for sensitivity are put
      on each dolphin within a captive group, observers can identify which dolphin
      produces a vocalization. Use of vocalights indicates that source levels of
      whistles from captive bottlenosed dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, range from
      approximately 125 to over 140 dB re: 1 microPa at 1 m.

PMID- 4067085
TI  - Level effects in complex stimulus discrimination.
AB  - The dependence of spectral-shape discriminations upon presentation level was
      studied using stimuli consisting of a bandpass noise and a less intense pure
      tone. The level of the noise band was held constant (+10 dB) relative to the
      level of the tone, and the minimum change in the intensity of the tone was
      measured across a range of presentation levels. The results demonstrated that,
      for tonal frequencies located near the upper edge of the noise band, subject's
      optimal performance occurred at intermediate presentation levels and became
      considerably poorer at high levels. This result is in accordance with upward
      spread of masking and emphasizes that presentation level is an important
      parameter to consider when measuring discriminations of complex spectral shapes.

PMID- 4067086
TI  - Extraction and enhancement of spectral structure by the cochlea.
AB  - The intensity dependence of signal processing in the cat cochlea was studied in
      responses of single auditory-nerve fibers for harmonic complexes having various
      amplitude and phase spectra. Analyses were based on information present in
      temporal discharge cadences, and they consisted of assessing Fourier spectra of
      period histograms synchronized to the period of the waveform fundamental. At low
      intensities, response spectra resembled filtered versions of the stimulus
      spectrum, with the amounts of filtering being determined by fibers' tuning
      curves. At high intensities, response spectra exhibited nonlinear behavior and
      could differ dramatically from spectra obtained at low intensities. The high
      intensity response typically emphasized one or more aspects of the stimulus
      spectrum. When the stimulus possessed equal component amplitudes and phases, the
      features that were emphasized at high intensities were the high- and low
      frequency edges of the spectrum, and when the component at fiber CF was changed
      in phase or amplitude relative to the others, fibers primarily signaled the
      presence of the phase- or amplitude-shifted component. Many of the intensity
      dependent changes in response spectra are accounted for by considering the
      effects of the compressive input-output nonlinearity operating at or peripheral
      to the hair-cell level on the temporal waveform.

PMID- 4067087
TI  - Toxic chemicals in our air supply: the need for action to protect the public
      health.

PMID- 4067088
TI  - Evaluation of the scientific basis for ozone/oxidants standards. Summary of an
      APCA International Specialty Conference.

PMID- 4067089
TI  - Short-term nitrogen dioxide exposure and acute respiratory disease in children.

PMID- 4067090
TI  - Persistence of peak flow decrement in children following ozone exposures
      exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality Standard.

PMID- 4067091
TI  - Respiratory symptoms and peak flow associated with indoor and outdoor air
      pollutants in the southwest.

PMID- 4067092
TI  - Formaldehyde concentrations in Wisconsin mobile homes.

PMID- 4067093
TI  - An assessment of the Berge equation applied to formaldehyde measurements under
      controlled conditions of temperature and humidity in a mobile home.

PMID- 4067094
TI  - Legal consequences of standard setting for competitive athletes with
      cardiovascular abnormalities.
AB  - This paper addresses the issue of whether establishing consensus standards for
      the treatment of particular medical conditions increases a physician's exposure
      to legal liability. The conclusion reached is that the legal effects of standard
      setting, rather than representing a significant threat of liability, should be
      seen as beneficial to the medical profession. A fundamental point is that the
      legal test for liability is entirely dependent on the medical profession's
      definition of what constitutes adequate care. The law incorporates the standard
      of care defined by the medical profession and does not impose an external norm.
      In the absence of formally stated standards, the process of defining relevant
      medical criteria will involve a great deal of uncertainty. Outcomes of legal
      contests will be affected by such extraneous factors as the relative experience
      of the lawyers involved, their access to knowledgeable expert witnesses, and
      their strategic decisions made with respect to tactics and procedures.
      Establishment of formal standards has the salutory effect of limiting the
      influence of these factors and thus reducing the randomness of the results
      reached. Formal standards also have the advantage of being easily replicated in
      unrelated proceedings and thereby contribute to the development of a consistent,
      evenly applied rule of liability. Finally, even if formal standards are either
      more, or less, progressive than the actual state of medical practice, there is
      relatively little risk that they will produce untoward results.

PMID- 4067095
TI  - Cardiovascular abnormalities in the athlete: recommendations regarding
      eligibility for competition. Task force I: Congenital heart disease.

PMID- 4067096
TI  - Cardiovascular abnormalities in the athlete: recommendations regarding
      eligibility for competition. Task force III: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, other
      myopericardial diseases and mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 4067097
TI  - Cardiovascular abnormalities in the athlete: recommendations regarding
      eligibility for competition. Task force IV: Systemic arterial hypertension.

PMID- 4067098
TI  - Cardiovascular abnormalities in the athlete: recommendations regarding
      eligibility for competition. Task force V: Ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 4067099
TI  - Cardiovascular abnormalities in the athlete: recommendations regarding
      eligibility for competition. Task force VI: Arrhythmias.

PMID- 4067100
TI  - Coronary angiographic morphology in myocardial infarction: a link between the
      pathogenesis of unstable angina and myocardial infarction.
AB  - It has previously been shown that analysis of coronary morphology can separate
      unstable from stable angina. An eccentric stenosis with a narrow neck or
      irregular borders, or both, is very common in patients who present with acute
      unstable angina, whereas it is rare in patients with stable angina. To extend
      these observations to myocardial infarction, the coronary morphology of 41
      patients with acute or recent infarction and nontotally occluded infarct vessels
      was studied. For all patients, 27 (66%) of 41 infarct vessels contained this
      eccentric narrowing, whereas only 2 (11%) of 18 noninfarct vessels with narrowing
      of 50 to less than 100% had this lesion (p less than 0.001). In addition, a
      separate group of patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent
      intracoronary streptokinase infusion were also analyzed in similar fashion.
      Fourteen (61%) of 23 infarct vessels contained this lesion after streptokinase
      infusion compared with 1 (9%) of 11 noninfarct vessels with narrowing of 50 to
      less than 100% (p less than 0.01). Therefore, an eccentric coronary stenosis with
      a narrow neck or irregular borders, or both, is the most common morphologic
      feature on angiography in both acute and recent infarction as well as unstable
      angina. This lesion probably represents either a disrupted atherosclerotic plaque
      or a partially occlusive or lysed thrombus, or both. The predominance of this
      morphology in both unstable angina and acute infarction suggests a possible link
      between these two conditions. Unstable angina and myocardial infarction may form
      a continuous spectrum with the clinical outcome dependent on the subsequent
      change in coronary supply relative to myocardial demand.

PMID- 4067101
TI  - Abnormal coronary flow reserve and abnormal radionuclide exercise test results in
      patients with normal coronary angiograms.
AB  - Coronary flow reserve, exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy and exercise
      radionuclide ventriculography were compared in 18 patients with chest pain and
      angiographically normal coronary arteries. Regional exercise thallium-201
      perfusion was abnormal in three patients, regional exercise wall motion was
      abnormal in three other patients and results of both tests were abnormal in one
      additional patient. Left ventricular ejection fraction responses were abnormal in
      five of these seven patients. The coronary flow reserve of arterial distributions
      with abnormal perfusion or regional dysfunction was significantly lower than that
      of distributions associated with normal radionuclide results (1.42 +/- 0.23
      versus 2.58 +/- 0.83, p less than 0.001). All patients with abnormal
      scintigraphic results had low coronary flow reserve (less than 1.95) in at least
      one distribution. Perfusion abnormalities appeared to be more localized in the
      arterial distributions with the lowest flow reserve. Only two patients had low
      flow reserve (less than 1.95) with normal scintigraphic results; both were
      hypertensive. These data suggest that abnormal exercise scintigraphic findings in
      patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries and chest pain are
      indicative of true blood flow or perfusion abnormalities.

PMID- 4067102
TI  - Coronary flow reserve in patients with normal coronary angiograms.

PMID- 4067103
TI  - Effect of collateral vessels on prognosis in patients with one vessel coronary
      artery disease.
AB  - The prognostic implications of coronary collateral channels were examined in 359
      medically treated patients with one vessel coronary artery disease and a normal
      left ventricular ejection fraction (greater than or equal to 50%). There were 149
      patients with isolated left anterior descending coronary artery disease (group I)
      and 210 patients with isolated left circumflex or right coronary artery disease
      (group II). Collateral channels were present in 68 patients (46%) in group I and
      115 patients (55%) in group II. During a follow-up period of up to 82 months
      (mean +/- SD 34 +/- 18), there were 23 cardiac events (4 patients died of cardiac
      causes and 19 patients had a nonfatal acute myocardial infarction). Actuarial
      survival analysis showed that the risk of cardiac events was not related to the
      presence of collateral channels in the two groups. Thus, the risk of cardiac
      events is not related to the presence or absence of collateral channels in
      patients with one vessel coronary artery disease. Further, the risks of cardiac
      death (0.3%/yr) and nonfatal myocardial infarction (1.9%/yr) are very low in
      medically treated patients with one vessel coronary artery disease and a normal
      left ventricular ejection fraction.

PMID- 4067104
TI  - Scintigraphically detected predominant right ventricular dysfunction in acute
      myocardial infarction: clinical and hemodynamic correlates and implications for
      therapy and prognosis.
AB  - To determine the clinical and hemodynamic correlates as well as therapeutic and
      prognostic implications of predominant right ventricular dysfunction complicating
      acute myocardial infarction, 43 consecutive patients with scintigraphic evidence
      of right ventricular dyssynergy and a depressed right ventricular ejection
      fraction (less than 0.39) in association with normal or near normal left
      ventricular ejection fraction (greater than or equal to 0.45) were prospectively
      evaluated. All 43 patients had acute inferior infarction, forming 40% of patients
      with acute inferior infarction, and only eight (24%) had elevated jugular venous
      pressure on admission. On hemodynamic monitoring, 74% of patients had a depressed
      cardiac index (less than or equal to 2.5 liters/min per m2), averaging 2.0 +/-
      0.05 for the group. Of these, 30% did not demonstrate previously described
      hemodynamic criteria of predominant right ventricular infarction (right atrial
      pressure greater than or equal to 10 mm Hg or right atrial to pulmonary capillary
      wedge pressure ratio greater than or equal to 0.8, or both). The left ventricular
      end-diastolic volume was reduced to 49 +/- 11 ml/m2 (n = 22) and correlated
      significantly with the stroke volume index (r = 0.82; p less than 0.0001) and
      cardiac index (r = 0.57; p = 0.005). The follow-up right ventricular ejection
      fraction, determined in 33 patients, showed an increase of 10% or greater in 26
      (79%), increasing from a mean value of 0.30 +/- 0.06 to 0.40 +/- 0.09 (p less
      than 0.0001) without a significant overall change in the mean left ventricular
      ejection fraction (0.56 +/- 0.10 to 0.56 +/- 0.11, p = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4067105
TI  - Electrocardiographic findings in acute right ventricular infarction: sensitivity
      and specificity of electrocardiographic alterations in right precordial leads
      V4R, V3R, V1, V2, and V3.
AB  - To determine the sensitivity, specificity, predictive value and diagnostic
      efficiency of electrocardiographic alterations in the diagnosis of acute right
      ventricular infarction, 43 autopsy patients with acute myocardial infarction and
      an electrocardiogram including 12 leads plus leads V3R and V4R were studied.
      Group A included 21 patients with right ventricular infarction, of whom 14 (group
      AI) had posterior and 7 (group AII) had anterior right ventricular infarction.
      Group B included 22 patients without right ventricular infarction. Excluding
      group AII patients, the sensitivity of the presence of a Q wave reached 78.6% in
      lead V4R and decreased in leads V1 to V3; its specificity was low in all the
      leads. The sensitivity of ST segment elevation reached 100% in lead V4R and
      decreased in leads V1 to V3; its specificity was highest (68.2%) in leads V4R and
      V3R, its negative predictive value was 100% and its diagnostic efficiency was
      80.6%. The criterion of ST segment elevation in lead V4R being higher than that
      in leads V1 to V3 was less sensitive (78.6%) than ST segment elevation in lead
      V4R alone, but its specificity reached 100%, its positive predictive value 100%
      and its diagnostic efficiency 91.7%. In conclusion, there are no
      electrocardiographic criteria to identify anterior right ventricular necrosis,
      but posterior right ventricular necrosis may be identified by the presence of a Q
      wave or ST segment elevation in the right precordial leads, reaching the highest
      sensitivity and specificity in lead V4R. The criterion of ST segment elevation in
      lead V4R being higher than that in leads V1 to V3 offers the highest specificity
      and efficiency in the diagnosis.

PMID- 4067106
TI  - Pattern of endocardial activation during sustained ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Fifty-five patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia due to prior
      myocardial infarction underwent intraoperative endocardial activation mapping
      during ventricular tachycardia to guide subendocardial resection. The mapping
      data were analyzed to determine the pattern of endocardial activation during
      tachycardia. Of a total of 122 tachycardias, 101 had a pattern of activation
      assigned: in 90 (90%), endocardial activation spread centrifugally from a
      tachycardia site of origin, and 11 (10%) had a continuous loop of electrical
      activity around an aneurysm. All patients had at least one tachycardia having the
      centrifugal spread pattern. Tachycardias with a continuous loop pattern had a
      shorter mean cycle length than those with a centrifugal spread pattern (260 +/-
      33 versus 338 +/- 81 ms, p less than 0.002) and a longer duration of endocardial
      activation relative to the tachycardia cycle length (100 +/- 0 versus 58 +/- 19%,
      p less than 0.001). There was no difference in preoperative patient
      characteristics, operative survival or cure of tachycardia between patients
      having any tachycardias of the continuous loop pattern and those having only
      centrifugal spread tachycardias. Thus, the vast majority of ventricular
      tachycardias in this group of patients are characterized by a centrifugal spread
      of endocardial activation from a site of origin less than 6 cm2 in size. Mapping
      guided ablative surgery may remove the entire tachycardia circuit in these
      patients and a critical portion of the circuit in the minority of patients with
      continuous loop tachycardias.

PMID- 4067107
TI  - Comparative echocardiographic study of recovery of diastolic versus systolic
      function after brief periods of coronary occlusion: differential effects of
      intravenous nifedipine administered before and during occlusion.
AB  - The effect of intravenous nifedipine (5 micrograms/kg) on the recovery of
      myocardial function after occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary
      artery was studied in 18 closed chest dogs. Using computer-aided analysis of two
      dimensional echocardiograms, systolic and diastolic function of ischemic segments
      in low papillary left ventricular cross sections were characterized,
      respectively, as holosystolic fractional area change and early diastolic velocity
      of luminal area change. The time required for systolic function to return to
      preocclusion values after a 1 minute untreated control occlusion (n = 12) was 5
      to 10 minutes, and after a 2 minute occlusion (n = 6) it was 20 to 30 minutes.
      When nifedipine was administered during the occlusion, recovery after a 2 minute
      occlusion was accelerated slightly to 10 to 15 minutes. Recovery times of early
      diastolic function were substantially longer, and nifedipine effects were more
      pronounced. After a 1 or 2 minute control coronary occlusion, 60 to 75 minutes or
      90 to 105 minutes were needed to return early diastolic function to normal
      levels. Nifedipine administered during a 1 or 2 minute coronary occlusion
      improved these recovery times to 10 to 15 minutes. When the dogs were treated
      with intravenous nifedipine before coronary occlusion, recovery after 1 or 2
      minutes of acute ischemia was apparent as early as 2 minutes after reperfusion.
      Thus, intravenous nifedipine accelerates the recovery of myocardial function
      after brief periods of ischemia, and when administered before coronary occlusion,
      it assures very prompt recovery of function.

PMID- 4067108
TI  - Creatine kinase release not associated with myocardial necrosis after short
      periods of coronary artery occlusion in conscious baboons.
AB  - The effects of 15 minute periods of coronary artery occlusion on plasma creatine
      kinase (CK) and CK-MB isoenzyme activity, regional myocardial function and
      subsequent myocardial necrosis were studied in six conscious baboons 2 to 3 weeks
      after recovery from instrumentation. Mid left anterior descending coronary artery
      occlusion induced complete loss of systolic wall thickening (ultrasound transit
      time technique) and decreases in epicardial (-93%) and endocardial (-96%) blood
      flows (microsphere technique). Reperfusion after 15 minutes resulted in complete
      recovery of regional function 24 hours later. Serial plasma enzyme activity
      revealed a significant increase in total CK from 71 +/- 11 to 976 +/- 158 U/liter
      and in CK-MB from levels that were too low to measure to 21.4 +/- 2.9 U/liter. At
      autopsy, neither gross pathologic evidence (triphenyltetrazolium chloride
      staining technique) nor histologic evidence of myocardial necrosis was observed.
      Thus, in the conscious baboon short episodes of myocardial ischemia are
      associated with a significant appearance of CK and CK-MB in the blood in the
      absence of cellular necrosis.

PMID- 4067109
TI  - Creatine kinase release after brief coronary occlusion.

PMID- 4067110
TI  - The implanted defibrillator: relation of defibrillating lead configuration and
      clinical variables to defibrillation threshold.
AB  - Forty-two defibrillating lead systems for the automatic implantable defibrillator
      were implanted and tested in 41 patients. Two basic lead configurations were
      used: 1) spring-patch, consisting of a transvenous superior vena cava spring
      electrode as the anode and an apical or left lateral ventricular patch electrode
      (either small [13.9 cm2] or large [27.9 cm2]) as the cathode; and 2) patch-patch,
      consisting of an anterior right ventricular patch as the anode and a posterior
      left ventricular patch as the cathode. Of the 42 lead systems, 10 were spring
      patch and 32 were patch-patch combinations. The defibrillation threshold for the
      patch-patch combinations (9.8 +/- 6.5 J, mean +/- standard deviation) was
      significantly (p less than 0.01) lower than that for the spring-patch
      combinations (19.1 +/- 10.3 J). Subgroup analysis revealed the lowest
      defibrillation thresholds for patch-patch combinations with at least one large
      patch. Total surface area of defibrillating leads was strongly negatively
      correlated with the defibrillation threshold (p less than 0.005). Analysis of the
      relation of clinical variables to defibrillation threshold revealed that only
      amiodarone therapy was independently associated with a significantly (p less than
      0.05) higher defibrillation threshold. Thus, surface area of the defibrillating
      leads is a critical determinant of the defibrillation threshold for the implanted
      defibrillator. Patch-patch lead systems with at least one large patch may provide
      an increased safety margin for defibrillation. Conversely, amiodarone therapy is
      associated with higher defibrillation thresholds and may decrease the margin of
      safety.

PMID- 4067111
TI  - Diastolic forward blood flow in the pulmonary artery detected by Doppler
      echocardiography.
AB  - The etiology of diastolic motion of the pulmonary valve seen on the M-mode
      echocardiogram has been the subject of much debate. To further investigate
      diastolic events in the pulmonary artery, the patterns of diastolic pulmonary
      artery blood flow velocity were studied using pulsed Doppler echocardiography in
      patients with a normal heart. Two diastolic waveforms were found, one in early
      diastole related to passive filling of the right ventricle and one in late
      diastole related to atrial contraction. These waveforms were also related to the
      two recognized phases of diastolic pulmonary valve motion detected by M-mode
      echocardiography. The presence of biphasic diastolic blood flow in the pulmonary
      artery was confirmed by electromagnetic flow velocimetry in four additional
      patients with various cardiac diseases and normal right heart pressures. It is
      concluded that both atrial contraction and passive right ventricular filling
      produce blood flow in the pulmonary artery.

PMID- 4067113
TI  - Stability of atrial sensing and pacing after dual chamber pulse generator
      implantation.
AB  - The continued efficacy of dual chamber pacing is predicated on the stability of
      both atrial and ventricular electrodes. The introduction of the tined atrial J
      lead has decreased the incidence of atrial lead dislodgment, allowing for
      continued effective sensing and pacing. To study the evolution of atrial pacing
      and sensing threshold, 54 patients with identical pulse generators and atrial
      electrodes were evaluated for 58 +/- 29 weeks (mean +/- SD). Immediately after
      pacemaker implantation in 39 patients, the amplitude of the atrial signal was
      measured by programming the pulse generator to the lowest sensitivity that
      assured pacing in the atrial synchronous mode. Three levels of atrial sensing
      were possible: high (0.5 mV), intermediate (1.3 mV) and low (2.5 mV) sensitivity.
      Three patients had a high, 16 patients had a medium and 20 patients had a low
      atrial sensitivity. The P wave amplitude and slew rate measured on a physiologic
      recorder did not differ significantly between the latter two groups. The atrial
      charge threshold increased from 1.8 +/- 1.3 microcoulombs (microC) to a maximal
      value of 2.5 +/- 1.3 microC, 3 days to 1 week after implantation (p = 0.02). This
      remained elevated for 1 to 3 months (p = 0.05) and then decreased, remaining
      stable over the ensuing year. The atrial sensitivity for the group with
      noninvasive measurement did not change significantly, although there was
      considerable patient variation. For 54% of the patients, atrial sensing remained
      stable or improved. In 26% of the patients, further programming to higher
      sensitivity settings ws required. In the remaining 20% of the patients, the
      atrial sensitivity setting fluctuated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4067112
TI  - Smooth muscle contraction bands in the media of coronary arteries: a postmortem
      marker of antemortem coronary spasm?
AB  - To date, no unequivocal morphologic markers have been described that would allow
      the diagnosis of coronary artery spasm to be made at autopsy. The coronary
      arteries of 63 adult patients without myocardial infarction were examined at
      autopsy, and the presence of medial smooth muscle contraction bands in these
      vessels was correlated with other vascular changes, myocardial pathologic changes
      and clinical history. These contraction bands have not been reported previously
      in human coronary arteries, but they were identified in experimental vascular
      spasm induced with catecholamines. It was found that 47 of the 63 cases were
      positive for contraction bands. As evidence of an antemortem process, there was a
      significant correlation between these changes and the presence of nonocclusive
      microthrombi, found in 25 cases. Contraction bands were also highly correlated
      with atherosclerotic plaque ruptures and mural plaque hemorrhages, which may be
      secondary to coronary spasm. In 78.7% of the cases positive for contraction
      bands, the cause of death was related to a diagnosis possibly associated with
      high catecholamine levels. On the basis of experimental evidence and the
      correlations identified in this study, coronary artery medial smooth muscle
      contraction bands may represent a postmortem marker of antemortem coronary spasm.

PMID- 4067114
TI  - Pulmonary blood supply in patients with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal
      defect.
AB  - The heart and lung specimens in 31 cases of pulmonary value atresia and
      ventricular septal defect were studied at autopsy. Three types of natural
      arterial blood supply to the lungs were identified: 1) ductus arteriosus (patient
      or ligamentous) (12 cases); 2) major collateral arteries (20 cases); and 3)
      diffuse small pleural arterial plexus coexisting with either ductus arteriosus or
      major collateral arteries (17 cases). The ductus arteriosus and major collateral
      arteries did not coexist in the same lung in these cases. Confluent central
      pulmonary arteries were present in 22 (71%) of the 31 cases, involving 7 (58%) of
      the 12 cases of ductus arteriosus, 14 (70%) of the 20 cases with major collateral
      arteries and 1 case with an aorticopulmonary window. The pulmonary trunk (atretic
      or patent) was identifiable in 24 (77%) of the 31 cases. A lung or lungs that
      connected to a ductus (or ligamentum) had a complete and unifocal intrapulmonary
      arterial distribution (without arborization abnormalities). Major collateral
      blood supply was frequently multifocal and associated with arborization
      abnormalities. The size of the central pulmonary arteries was not related to the
      type of arterial blood source but seemed to be related to the amount of blood
      flow actually reaching the vessels, This study demonstrated a complex systemic
      arterial system supplying the lungs in these cases. The size, sources and
      relation among the ductus, the pulmonary artery confluence, the large and small
      collateral vessels and the intrapulmonary system are far more varied than has
      ever been reported previously. Careful and thorough premortem studies are crucial
      if surgical intervention is contemplated.

PMID- 4067115
TI  - Cardiac arrhythmias in patients with surgical repair of Ebstein's anomaly.
AB  - Preoperative, perioperative and postoperative arrhythmias in 52 consecutive
      patients who underwent operation for Ebstein's anomaly were reviewed. There were
      25 male and 27 female patients (mean age 18 years, range 11 months to 64 years).
      Thirty-four patients had one or more documented arrhythmias preoperatively (18
      had paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 10 had paroxysmal atrial
      fibrillation or flutter, 13 had ventricular arrhythmia and 3 had high grade
      atrioventricular block). Seven patients without documented arrhythmias had a
      history typical of tachyarrhythmias. During the perioperative and early
      postoperative periods, 14 patients had atrial tachyarrhythmias and 8 had
      ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. There were seven deaths
      between day 1 and 27 months after operation. Five of these deaths were sudden
      (all in male patients, aged 12 to 34 years), and four of the patients had had
      perioperative ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. One patient
      was taking one antiarrhythmic agent and another patient was taking two at the
      time of sudden death. Of the 18 patients with paroxysmal supraventricular
      tachycardia and 9 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or flutter
      preoperatively who were followed up for a mean of 40 and 36 months, respectively,
      22 and 33% continued to have symptomatic tachycardia. Of the 11 patients (mean
      age 9 years) without preoperative documentation or symptoms of arrhythmia, follow
      up data were obtained (range 1 to 144 months, mean 31) in 9 patients. None died
      suddenly or developed symptomatic arrhythmia.

PMID- 4067116
TI  - Fetal tachycardia and intramyocardial tumors.
AB  - The two-dimensional echocardiographic diagnosis of multiple cardiac rhabdomyomas
      and evaluation of tachycardia in a fetus are presented. Prenatal
      echocardiographic examination defined the extent of tumor involvement and
      mechanism of the tachycardia and demonstrated the lack of fetal hemodynamic
      compromise. Perinatal, clinical and therapeutic implications are discussed.

PMID- 4067117
TI  - Intracardiac undifferentiated sarcoma in infancy.
AB  - A rare case of an intracardiac undifferentiated sarcoma in a 3 month old infant
      is described together with the clinical, angiographic, echocardiographic,
      surgical and histopathologic findings. The tumor was successfully removed
      surgically, and monthly echocardiographic follow-up is being performed.

PMID- 4067118
TI  - Diagnosis and classification of atrial septal aneurysm by two-dimensional
      echocardiography: report of 80 consecutive cases.
AB  - Atrial septal aneurysms have been related (either by association or as potential
      causes) to systolic clicks, atrial arrhythmias, systemic and pulmonary embolism,
      atrioventricular valve prolapse and atrial septal defect. To study these
      associations and the incidence of atrial septal aneurysm, we reviewed 80
      consecutive patients (female to male ratio 1.9:1, mean age 47 years, range 1 day
      to 89 years) who had been identified prospectively as having an atrial septal
      aneurysm. These were found in 36,200 two-dimensional echocardiographic studies
      (incidence: 0.22% overall; 0.29% in the last year of the study done between 1978
      and 1984). Three types of fossa ovalis aneurysm and one type of aneurysm
      involving the entire atrial septum were observed; a fossa ovalis aneurysm with
      leftward projection and excursion of less than 5 mm or an aneurysm involving the
      entire atrial septum with rightward projection was not observed. Atrial septal
      aneurysm occurred more often as an isolated abnormality than in association with
      other cardiac malformations, although all patients with an aneurysm involving the
      entire atrial septum had complex congenital cardiac anomalies of the hypoplastic
      right heart type. The reported associations between atrial septal aneurysms and
      atrial septal defect, atrioventricular valve prolapse, midsystolic clicks, atrial
      arrhythmias and cerebral ischemic events were examined. A hypothesis based on
      interatrial pressure gradients is proposed to explain the different motions and
      configurational characteristics of fossa ovalis aneurysms observed in these
      patients. All patients in whom atrial septal aneurysm is demonstrated should
      undergo examination for atrial septal defect. Atrial septal aneurysm should be
      specifically looked for in patients who have these associations and who undergo
      two-dimensional echocardiography, especially if these abnormalities are
      unexplained.

PMID- 4067119
TI  - Curative surgery for atrioventricular junctional ("AV nodal") reentrant
      tachycardia.
AB  - A new surgical approach was studied prospectively in 10 consecutive patients with
      atrioventricular (AV) junctional reentrant tachycardia. The aim was to abolish
      tachycardia yet preserve normal AV conduction. On the basis of electrophysiologic
      study before operation, patients were classified as type A (ventriculoatrial [VA]
      intervals during tachycardia less than or equal to 40 ms) (seven patients) or
      type B (VA intervals greater than 40 ms) (three patients). Dual AV junctional
      pathways were demonstrable with single extrastimulus testing in seven patients
      before operation. Endocardial mapping during tachycardia at surgery revealed
      earliest atrial activation anteromedial to the AV node in type A patients and
      posterior to the node in the type B patients. The perinodal atrium in the region
      of earliest atrial activation during tachycardia was carefully disconnected from
      the AV node. After operation, AV junctional reentrant tachycardia was not
      inducible at comprehensive electrophysiologic study in any patient, and no
      clinical recurrences have occurred during a follow-up period of 2 to 14 months
      (mean 8 +/- 4). Normal AV conduction was preserved in all cases. Anterograde slow
      AV junctional pathway conduction was abolished in five of seven cases. Retrograde
      His to atrium conduction time was prolonged in type A patients but the capacity
      for retrograde VA conduction remained excellent. Retrograde His to atrium
      conduction was interrupted or severely compromised in the type B patients. These
      data show that there are at least two types of AV junctional reentry. Perinodal
      atrium appears to be part of the reentrant circuit in human AV junctional
      reentry. Although the most consistent effect of surgery was on the retrograde
      limb of the circuit, anterograde slow pathway conduction was also modified. AV
      junctional reentry is surgically curable with a high success rate.

PMID- 4067120
TI  - Atrioventricular nodal or atriojunctional reentrant tachycardia?

PMID- 4067121
TI  - Double-blind crossover comparison of the antianginal effects of nifedipine and
      isosorbide dinitrate in patients with exertional angina receiving propranolol.
AB  - A double-blind crossover study was performed on 27 patients with proved fixed
      coronary artery disease and stable angina pectoris. The study was designed to
      compare the relative efficacy of two combination therapies, nifedipine plus
      propranolol and isosorbide dinitrate plus propranolol, in terms of antianginal
      response and effect on exercise tolerance by evaluation of treadmill testing. The
      combination of nifedipine and propranolol was superior to the combination of
      isosorbide and propranolol in reducing the number of anginal attacks (p = 0.03),
      increasing total exercise time (p less than 0.02), increasing oxygen consumption
      achieved at end of exercise (p less than 0.03), increasing time to onset of pain
      (p = 0.003) and increasing oxygen consumption achieved at onset of pain (p =
      0.003). Analysis of the rate-pressure products suggests that the difference in
      these results may be explained by the greater effect of nifedipine on afterload
      reduction. Although nitroglycerin consumption was reduced from baseline levels
      during combination nifedipine therapy (p less than 0.001), there was no
      statistical difference between nifedipine combination therapy and isosorbide
      combination therapy. In conclusion, although both combination therapies were
      superior to propranolol therapy alone, the combination of nifedipine and
      propranolol was more effective than the combination of isosorbide and propranolol
      in reducing the incidence of angina and improving exercise performance. Side
      effects were experienced at a similar frequency during both combination
      therapies.

PMID- 4067122
TI  - Use of amiodarone in the treatment of persistent and paroxysmal atrial
      fibrillation resistant to quinidine therapy.
AB  - The efficacy of amiodarone was assessed in 38 patients with atrial fibrillation
      resistant to quinidine and an effort made to identify factors correlated with
      amiodarone response. The study group included 29 patients with and 9 without
      organic heart disease and either persistent (n = 11) or paroxysmal (n = 27)
      atrial fibrillation. All patients were treated with amiodarone and followed up in
      a research clinic. Efficacy was classified as excellent (no recurrent symptomatic
      atrial fibrillation) in 15 (55%) of 27 patients with paroxysmal and 5 (45%) of 11
      patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Efficacy was poor (no effect on
      atrial fibrillation) in 5 (19%) of 27 patients with paroxysmal and 6 (55%) of 11
      patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Efficacy was good (amelioration but
      not total suppression) in 7 (26%) of 27 patients with paroxysmal atrial
      fibrillation. Efficacy was related to echocardiographic left atrial dimension,
      left ventricular ejection fraction and, in patients with persistent atrial
      fibrillation, the duration of the arrhythmia. During the follow-up period of 15
      months (range 1 to 36), overall efficacy (considering response and toxicity) was
      67% in the 27 patients with paroxysmal and 45% in the 11 patients with persistent
      atrial fibrillation. It is concluded that amiodarone offers an additional
      therapeutic alternative in quinidine-resistant atrial fibrillation and that
      certain clinical factors are correlated with amiodarone response.

PMID- 4067123
TI  - Seven and one-half years' experience with the Medtronic-Hall valve.
AB  - The Medtronic-Hall valve was developed to improve on existing tilting disc valves
      by reducing the risk of valvular thrombosis. This was to be accomplished by
      improving the hemodynamics and by allowing the disc to move downstream away from
      the orifice during opening. The valve was also designed for maximal structural
      durability to minimize the risk of mechanical breakage. With more than 1,000
      Medtronic-Hall valves implanted since 1977, the clinical results have been very
      encouraging. The rates of thromboembolism and thrombosis are low, there have been
      no mechanical failures and the hemodynamic function, especially with the smaller
      valves, is excellent.

PMID- 4067124
TI  - Right atrial thrombus formation after transvenous catheter ablation of the
      atrioventricular node.
AB  - The formation of a right atrial mass was detected in a patient by two-dimensional
      echocardiography 3 weeks after successful transvenous electrical ablation of the
      atrioventricular node had been performed. The mass was attached to the atrial
      septum at the site where the electrode catheter used for the ablation had
      supposedly been located and it exhibited no mobility. It was interpreted as a
      right atrial thrombus induced by the ablation procedure. Although no pulmonary
      embolic events have been observed during a 7 month follow-up period, right atrial
      thromboembolism must be considered a potentially dangerous complication of
      transvenous catheter ablation to control cardiac arrhythmias.

PMID- 4067126
TI  - What we do and do not know about mold allergy and asthma.

PMID- 4067125
TI  - Entrainment of circus movement tachycardia utilizing an accessory pathway with
      long retrograde conduction times during ventricular and atrial stimulation.
AB  - An unusual case is presented in which a circus movement tachycardia incorporating
      an accessory pathway with long retrograde conduction time was transiently
      entrained. Overdrive high right atrial stimulation produced entrainment without
      atrial fusion since collision of anterograde and retrograde impulses took place
      within the accessory pathway. Tachycardia termination occurred when, at a faster
      pacing rate, an atrial impulse that collided in the accessory pathway was blocked
      at the atrioventricular (AV) node. In contrast, the entrainment seen during right
      ventricular apical stimulation was characterized by the occurrence of both fusion
      and collision within the ventricles. The tachycardia was terminated when a pure
      paced impulse that collided in the normal pathway was blocked in a retrograde
      direction in the accessory pathway. These data indicate that: 1) transient
      entrainment of this arrhythmia (circus movement tachycardia) can be identified by
      the classical criteria used to diagnose it, provided that fusion and collision
      occur within the ventricles; and 2) the accessory pathway is the weak link for
      tachycardia termination only during ventricular pacing since the AV node is the
      weak link during atrial stimulation.

PMID- 4067127
TI  - Evaluation of papain/chymopapain cross allergenicity.
AB  - Recent clinical evidence suggests that papain and chymopapain may share common
      allergenicity. Patients that become sensitized to papain may subsequently
      experience an allergic reaction when they are exposed to chymopapain. This study
      demonstrates a cross antigenicity between the proteolytic enzyme preparations
      papain and chymopapain. Serum samples from six patients who demonstrated 4+ skin
      reactions to papain also revealed positive RAST ratios to both papain and
      chymopapain. In addition, serum samples from 12 clinically nonreactive patients
      who had discolysis with chymopapain demonstrated positive RAST results to papain
      as well as to chymopapain.

PMID- 4067128
TI  - Cross allergenicity among grasses determined by tissue threshold changes.
AB  - Twenty-seven volunteers with grass-pollen allergy who had not received prior
      immunotherapy had titrated prick tests with fivefold dilutions of 10 grasses
      (timothy, Bermuda, smooth brome, grama, salt, quack, western wheat, Johnson,
      June, and Bahia) to a final dilution of 1:3,906,250 w/v. Ten subjects served as
      untreated control subjects. Seventeen subjects received immunotherapy with an
      extract containing equal parts of timothy and Bermuda. Twelve months later
      subjects had repeat titrated skin testing with reconstituted aliquots of the same
      lyophilized extract, at the same time of day, and at the same location on the
      back as in the initial testing period. Nine treated subjects and eight control
      subjects completed the study protocol. The skin test areas with all 10 grass
      extracts were significantly decreased in the treated group compared to the
      control group (p less than 0.01), and there was no difference in the extent of
      the reduction among the 10 grasses by analysis of variance. We conclude that
      immunotherapy to timothy and Bermuda alone is capable of reducing to a similar
      degree the clinical sensitivity to all 10 grasses studied. The results of this
      study suggest that treatment with timothy and Bermuda alone may be sufficient in
      most grass-sensitive individuals.

PMID- 4067129
TI  - An investigation of possible immunologic reactions to human serum albumin used as
      a stabilizer in allergy extracts.
AB  - Two hundred fifteen patients who had received allergy immunotherapy for at least
      1 year with an extract preparation containing 0.03% human serum albumin (HSA)
      were tested for evidence of an immunologic reaction to HSA by immediate skin
      testing. Sera from 39 of these subjects and from control subjects were studied in
      a microtiter enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for anti-HSA antibodies. The 39
      subjects' sera were examined by immunoelectrophoretic analysis for evidence of
      "tailing albumin" indicative of HSA bound to immunoglobulins. All studies were
      negative. We conclude that in these patients HSA-containing allergy extracts used
      in immunotherapy failed to induce the production of specific antibodies against
      HSA. This suggests that HSA was a safe extract stabilizing agent for allergy
      extracts in these representative allergic patients.

PMID- 4067130
TI  - The effects of sulfur oxides on nasal and lung function in adolescents with
      extrinsic asthma.
AB  - Ten adolescent subjects with extrinsic asthma were exposed during intermittent
      exercise to filtered air, 0.5 ppm of sulfur dioxide (SO2), or 100 micrograms/m3
      of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) on 5 separate days. The purpose of the study was to
      compare changes in nasal power (the work of nose breathing) with pulmonary
      functional changes depending on the route of inhalation of the sulfur oxide
      pollutants, oral inhalation through a rubber mouthpiece or oronasal inhalation
      via a face mask. Nasal power was measured with a modified skin diving mask
      equipped with two differential pressure transducers. Statistically significant
      changes in total respiratory resistance, FEV1, and maximum flow calculated at 50%
      and 75% vital capacity were observed after all exposures to SO2 and H2SO4. The
      magnitude of change in FEV1 and maximum flow calculated at 50% vital capacity was
      higher after oral compared to oronasal inhalation of SO2. The nasal work of
      breathing increased 32% after SO2 exposure by mouthpiece and 30% after SO2
      exposure via face mask (p less than 0.05). The nasal power changes after the
      H2SO4 exposures were not different from the sham exposures. We conclude that
      oronasal inhalation of 0.5 ppm of SO2 produces a significant increase in the
      nasal work of breathing and that the route of exposure reduces but does not
      eliminate the lower airway reactions observed on oral exposure.

PMID- 4067131
TI  - Role of Alternaria and Penicillium spores in the pathogenesis of asthma.
AB  - The ability to harvest spore-rich isolates of molds permitted quantitative
      studies of their role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Alternaria and Penicillium
      were selected as examples of ubiquitous molds that readily induce IgE antibodies
      and are of contrasting sizes. Extracts from those spores were prepared for skin
      tests and aerosol bronchial challenges. Intact spores were used in the same
      subjects in bronchial challenges delivered by a Spinhaler. Seven patients with a
      history of mild asthma received a total of 16 bronchial challenges with the mold
      to which they had been sensitized. Provocative doses in spore equivalents for a
      35% drop in SGaw, 20% drop in FEV1, or 25% drop in PEFR were sought for each
      challenge. Density dependence-flow rates were also determined. Environmental
      spore survey data were obtained and compared with the challenge doses for these
      spores. It was found that immediate-type asthma was readily provoked by both
      whole spores and by their extracts, in some subjects fewer intact than extracted
      spores were required, delayed-type asthma occurred only after whole spore
      challenges, SGaw was the most sensitive and equally specific of the pulmonary
      function tests, and provocative doses of spore equivalents were within natural
      exposure ranges. The study confirmed that Alternaria and Penicillium spores in
      relatively natural states and numbers were potent immunopathogens for asthma.

PMID- 4067133
TI  - Population differences in cutaneous methacholine reactivity and circulating IgE
      concentrations.
AB  - We evaluated the incidence of allergic and vasomotor symptoms, serum IgE
      concentrations, and the cutaneous responses to allergens and/or methacholine in
      229 Waorani Indians residing at 300 m altitude near the headwaters of the Amazon
      River, 39 Tibetans residing at 4000 m in the Himalayas, and 84 healthy subjects
      residing at 150 m in the piedmont region of North Carolina. The Waorani Indians
      had a high level of intestinal parasitism, an intermediate level of parasitism
      occurs in Tibetans, and parasitism is rare in the control population. One Waorani
      Indian (less than 1%), six Tibetans (15%), and 59 North Carolina subjects (88%)
      had a past history of allergic or vasomotor symptoms. The prevalence of positive
      epicutaneous allergen skin tests among the Waorani was 40 in 2910 tests and was
      significantly less (chi-squared = 184.5; p less than or equal to 0.0001) than the
      151 in 1344 incidence in the North Carolina subjects. Large highly significant
      differences (p less than or equal to 0.0001) were detected between the geometric
      mean IgE concentrations (international unit per milliliter) and methacholine
      induced cutaneous flare responsiveness (millimeter) elicited, respectively, in
      comparisons between the Waorani Indians (9806 IU/ml; less than 1.0 mm), Tibetans
      (2930 IU/ml; 2.06 mm), and North Carolina subjects (108 IU/ml; 4.49 mm).
      Differences in methacholine sensitivity were small and not significant. A highly
      significant inverse relationship (r = -0.50, p less than or equal to 0.0001) was
      detected between the circulating IgE concentrations and the methacholine-induced
      cutaneous flare responsiveness in this cross-cultural, cross-environmental
      comparison of three populations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4067132
TI  - Occupational allergy to the common house fly. (Musca domestica): use of
      immunologic response to identify atmospheric allergen.
AB  - A 48-year-old scientific worker developed rhinitis that occurred when she entered
      the housefly (Musca domestica) rearing room where she worked. She was found to
      have specific IgE antibody to M. domestica in her serum by RAST. She was
      relocated at work and avoided further occupational exposure to M. domestica. The
      level of specific IgE decreased in serial samples but subsequently increased
      after her inadvertent reexposure at work. Extracts of fly-cage dust and of high
      volume atmospheric samples from the fly-rearing room inhibited the M. domestica
      RAST in a dose-dependent fashion. After logit transformation the lines of
      inhibition of the fly cage dust and of the atmospheric samples were parallel and
      steeper than the self-inhibition by M. domestica, implying the cage dust and
      atmospheric samples shared antigens not present in the M. domestica extract. This
      method of monitoring atmospheric antigen has considerable potential for
      evaluating the effectiveness of environmental change in the workplace.

PMID- 4067134
TI  - The effect of ranitidine, alone and in combination with clemastine, on allergen
      induced cutaneous wheal-and-flare reactions in human skin.
AB  - The effect of intradermal ranitidine (administered alone and in combination with
      clemastine) on allergen-mediated wheal-and-flare reactions has been evaluated in
      a double-blind study on 10 healthy atopic volunteers. Ranitidine alone,
      administered in doses over a 10(4)-fold concentration range, had no effect on the
      size either of allergen-induced wheal or flare reactions. Clemastine alone evoked
      a dose-related inhibition of both wheal and flare. Compared to the inhibition
      achieved by clemastine alone, the combination of ranitidine with clemastine
      produced a small but significant increase in inhibition of allergen-induced flare
      at ranitidine concentrations of 10(-5) mol/L (p less than 0.001) and 10(-6) mol/L
      (p less than 0.01), and of allergen-induced wheal at ranitidine concentration 10(
      5) mol/L (p less than 0.01). Our results provide further evidence for the
      presence of cutaneous histamine H2 receptors and their participation in the
      formation of allergen-mediated skin reactions but indicate that the contribution
      of cutaneous histamine H2-receptor stimulation to the production of immediate
      wheal-and-flare reactions evoked by allergen is only modest.

PMID- 4067135
TI  - Late response to exercise-induced asthma.

PMID- 4067136
TI  - Gender identity disorder of childhood. Introduction.

PMID- 4067137
TI  - Effeminate boys in a child psychiatric clinic: prevalence and associated factors.

PMID- 4067138
TI  - Questionnaires for the assessment of atypical gender role behavior: a
      methodological study.

PMID- 4067139
TI  - Extreme boyhood femininity: isolated behavior or pervasive disorder?

PMID- 4067140
TI  - Sex-typed behavior in cross-gender-identified children: stability and change at a
      one-year follow-up.

PMID- 4067141
TI  - Parent-child factors in gender role socialization in girls.

PMID- 4067142
TI  - Early identification and intervention with children who refuse to speak.

PMID- 4067143
TI  - The reactions of youth to diagnostic interviews.

PMID- 4067144
TI  - A general population screen for attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity.

PMID- 4067145
TI  - The prevalence of attention deficit disorders in a rural midwestern community
      sample of nine-year-old children.

PMID- 4067146
TI  - Detection of psychiatric disorders in pediatric primary care: a preliminary
      report.

PMID- 4067147
TI  - Variables that predict assaultiveness in child psychiatric inpatients.

PMID- 4067148
TI  - A case of psychogenic pain.

PMID- 4067149
TI  - Time-limited psychotherapy with children: central theme and time as major tools.

PMID- 4067150
TI  - Residual parental rights: legal trends and controversies.

PMID- 4067151
TI  - Characterizing consumption patterns by food frequency methods: core foods and
      variety of foods in diets of older Americans.
AB  - This study was designed to explore the applications and limitations of two
      relatively simple and inexpensive scoring systems currently used to describe food
      patterns. The approaches examined were variety index and core foods. The sample,
      stratified by age and sex, consisted of adults more than 54 years old (no. =
      4,983) who were interviewed in the 1977-1978 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey.
      Variety index was determined by counting the number of different foods consumed
      over 3 days. Core foods were identified by tallies of the most frequently
      mentioned foods and by calculations of frequency use scores. The variety of foods
      consumed was smallest for the oldest groups. Core food lists did not vary
      markedly with age, sex, or analysis by tally or score. The items consumed on at
      least 1 of the 3 days by approximately 50% of the persons surveyed were: whole
      milk, ground coffee, instant coffee, white bread, potatoes prepared by methods
      other than frying, margarine, and sugar. Although the variety index approach
      provides a general sense of nutrient diversity of a diet, core food lists with
      weighted scores appear to be more applicable when the relationship between food
      usage and food-related behaviors is studied and changes in eating patterns are
      monitored.

PMID- 4067152
TI  - Food consumption and height/weight status of Dutch preschool children on
      alternative diets.
AB  - The effects of alternative dietary practices on nutrient intake and height/weight
      status were studied in three groups of Dutch preschool children: 33 vegetarians,
      26 anthroposophics, and 33 macrobiotics. Fifty children on omnivorus diets
      composed the control group. The children fed vegetarian and anthroposophic diets
      were somewhat lighter and shorter than the children on omnivorous diets but were
      within normal limits. The children fed macrobiotic diets were significantly
      lighter and shorter. Results of the 5-day weighing record method used to measure
      food consumption were compared with the Dutch Recommended Dietary Allowances
      (RDAs), which recommend higher protein and lower iron for children than the RDAs
      for the U.S. The diets of the anthroposophically and vegetarian-fed children were
      most similar and conformed better to the Dutch RDAs than the diets of the
      omnivorously and macrobiotically fed children. The omnivorously fed children had
      intakes of iron and polyunsaturated fat below the Dutch RDAs and intakes of mono-
      and disaccharides and cholesterol above the Dutch RDAs. The intakes of calcium,
      riboflavin, and vitamin D recorded for the macrobiotically fed children were
      substantially below the Dutch RDAs. The vitamin D content of the diets of all
      four groups was low; however, most of the omnivorously fed children used vitamin
      D supplements, and the other three groups of children were sent out in the sun as
      much as possible. A high risk for rickets existed in the combination of periods
      of bad weather and a low intake of both calcium and vitamin D.

PMID- 4067153
TI  - Vitamin/mineral supplement use: a telephone survey of adults in the United
      States.
AB  - Vitamin/mineral supplement use in the United States was assessed through a
      national telephone interview survey of an age-stratified random sample of 2,991
      adults 16 years old and older. A vitamin/mineral supplement was defined as any
      product containing one or more of 33 specific vitamins, minerals, or
      "miscellaneous dietary components." Excluding pregnant/lactating women, 39.9% of
      the population consumed one or more supplements. Of those users, 52.4% consumed
      one supplement only; 10.9% consumed five or more (up to a maximum of 14 separate
      products). Confirming other research, above-average consumption of supplements
      occurred in the western United States. The most widely consumed product type was
      the single vitamin/miscellaneous dietary component (45.2% of supplement users).
      Vitamin C, either alone or in combination with other nutrients, was the most
      widely consumed nutrient (90.6% of supplement users). Use of supplements was more
      prevalent among women than among men in each of the three age groups examined: 16
      to 24 years, 25 to 64 years, and 65 years and older. Although consumption of the
      B vitamins was more widespread among women than among men, more men than women
      consumed zinc, iodine, copper, magnesium, and manganese. There was a wide range
      of intake of both vitamins and minerals, which extended to 10 to 50 times the
      RDAs for individual nutrients.

PMID- 4067154
TI  - Nutritional status of gastroenterology outpatients: comparison of inflammatory
      bowel disease with functional disorders.
AB  - Dietary intakes of two groups of gastrointestinal patients, one group with
      inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)--Crohn's disease or chronic ulcerative colitis-
      and the other with functional disorders (FD)--irritable bowel syndrome, nonulcer
      dyspepsia, or gastroesophageal reflux disease, were assessed by means of 48-hour
      recalls. The relationships between dietary intake and anthropometric and
      biochemical measurements were examined. The IBD group had lower mean serum
      albumin and hemoglobin levels (p less than .05); however, FD patients had less
      adequate diets. The mean energy intake of women with FD was significantly lower
      than that of women with IBD (p less than .05) and was associated with inadequate
      or marginal intakes of many nutrients. Comparison of nutrient intakes between the
      IBD and FD groups revealed a significantly lower mean intake of folate, ascorbic
      acid, and vitamin A for women with FD than for women with IBD (p less than .05).
      In general, women had poorer diets and a higher prevalence of abnormal
      biochemical parameters than men. One notable feature of the dietary pattern of
      the women was that they consumed less meat than the general population consumed.
      Increasing meat consumption would improve the intake of many nutrients, including
      protein and iron. The results of this study suggest that more attention should be
      given to the adequacy of dietary intakes of gastrointestinal patients in general
      and of women in particular.

PMID- 4067155
TI  - Comparison of two methods of educating dietitians.
AB  - This study investigated whether graduates having a master's degree with 6 months
      of qualifying experience are as knowledgeable and perceived as being as competent
      as graduates having traditional bachelor's degrees with a 12-month internship.
      Twenty-nine graduates (17 with bachelor's degrees and 12 with master's degrees)
      from San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, participated in the study. Our
      results showed: (a) The mean registration examination scores of the two groups
      were not significantly different; the scores of those with master's degrees,
      however, were more clustered around the mean. (b) No significant difference in
      graduates' self-ratings was found between the two groups. (c) The supervisors'
      ratings of clinical competencies were higher for graduates with bachelor's
      degrees than for those with master's degrees. There was no significant difference
      in the supervisors' ratings of administrative competencies for the two groups.
      Other results showed various significant correlations between demographic data,
      registration examination scores, self-ratings, and supervisors' ratings. This
      study gave evidence that the university-sponsored master's qualifying experience
      is a viable route to membership in The American Dietetic Association.

PMID- 4067156
TI  - Direct amino acid analyses of mozzarella cheese.
AB  - The amino acid content of mozzarella (low moisture, part skim milk) and asadero
      cheeses was determined by the column chromatographic method. Data from the direct
      analyses of the mozzarella cheeses were compared with the calculated amino acid
      composition reported in tables in Agriculture Handbook No. 8-1. Phenylalanine and
      tyrosine contents were found to be higher in the direct analyses than in the
      calculated data in Handbook No. 8-1 (1.390 gm and 1.127 gm for phenylalanine, and
      1.493 gm and 1.249 gm for tyrosine per 100 gm edible portion, respectively). That
      is of particular concern in the dietary management of phenylketonuria, in which
      accuracy in computing levels of phenylalanine and tyrosine is essential.

PMID- 4067157
TI  - Computer-implemented nutrition support of phenylketonuria.
AB  - This project demonstrates that computers can fill diet prescriptions for
      nutrition support but only if nutritionists who know how to fill diet
      prescriptions do the programming. The computer can provide information that is
      required to improve nutrition support, as well as save time that the dietitian
      can use in patient education. The computer, however, cannot replace the
      dietitian. It merely performs mathematical calculations. Establishment of the
      diet prescription, choice of products, and the use of the final formula and foods
      require trained judgment used in conjunction with appropriate clinical and
      laboratory data.

PMID- 4067158
TI  - Vitamin B-6 content of selected foods served in dining halls.
AB  - Roast beef and green beans lost significant quantities of vitamin B-6 during
      institutional cooking and holding procedures; some was leached into juice and pot
      liquor. Whole baking potatoes lost smaller quantities of the vitamin during these
      procedures. A mean of 60% of the vitamin that was present in the foods before
      cooking was actually served. More vitamin B-6 will be retained if cooking and
      holding times are held to a minimum.

PMID- 4067159
TI  - Vitamin A activity of selected fruits.

PMID- 4067160
TI  - Energy content of selected salad bar and hot serving line meals.

PMID- 4067161
TI  - Actions to improve nutrition care on a general rehabilitation unit.

PMID- 4067162
TI  - Relationship of long-term and acute-care facilities. The problem of patient
      transfer and continuity of care.
AB  - Approximately 17% of patients residing in an extended-care facility--which
      provides close physician-patient contact and strong affiliation with an acute
      care hospital, although does not have the capacity for intravenous therapy-
      required admission to an acute-care hospital during a one-year period. The most
      common medical problem necessitating transfer to the acute-care hospital was an
      infectious process. Most infections were correctly diagnosed in the extended-care
      facility, but due to the inability to administer intravenous therapy, transfer
      was thought mandatory. The acute-care hospital stay was short, which is thought
      to reflect partially the close affiliation between the extended-care facility and
      acute-care hospital. Complications occurred while patients were in the acute-care
      hospital with 30% demonstrating new pressure sores upon their return to the
      extended-care facility. Repeated acute-care hospital admissions were not
      uncommon, usually occurring within a short period after the patient's return to
      the extended-care facility, and commonly related to the same medical disorder
      that caused the initial admission. Prognosis was poor in patients who required
      admission to the acute-care hospital and mortality rate increased to
      approximately 50% in patients requiring multiple admissions. It is concluded that
      an extended-care facility that provides a high level of physician-patient contact
      and a close affiliation with an acute-care hospital is advantageous in providing
      efficient and continual care for the elderly. Provisions for the administration
      of intravenous therapy might even increase the efficiency of such a facility.

PMID- 4067163
TI  - Comparison of admission and discharge medications in two geriatric populations.
AB  - Drug usage patterns were determined from a chart review of two groups of the
      elderly upon admission to and discharge from the hospital. A comparison was made
      between a United States group (N = 60) and a Scotland group (N = 60). The most
      common drugs noted in both groups were cardiovascular drugs (primarily diuretics)
      and vitamins and minerals. The mean number of drugs per patient in both groups
      was approximately four, with minimal change in number between admission and
      discharge. The number of drugs decreased with male sex and increasing age in the
      United States group and increased with male sex and increasing age in the
      Scotland group. The Scotland group was on more short-acting benzodiazepines, more
      bowel medications, more antidepressants, more antiparkinson agents, and fewer
      respiratory drugs than the United States group. Although both groups tended to
      have certain drugs deleted, Scotland patients were more likely to have narcotics
      discontinued and bowel medications added before discharge. These drug usage
      patterns demonstrate substantial polypharmacy in the elderly and the importance
      of selecting appropriate drugs in the elderly.

PMID- 4067164
TI  - Inpatient accidents in hospitals.
AB  - In patients admitted to the hospital in the city of Malmo altogether 499
      accidents occurred in one year. More than half of the accidents occurred in
      patients in geriatric care. Seventy-two percent of the patients were unobserved
      when the accident occurred. Thirty percent had fallen at least once in the last
      two months. There were 299 fractures--127 were hip fractures--contributing about
      one-fourth of all hip fractures in the city. The mortality of the hospital
      accident group was twice as high as in age- and sex-matched hospital controls and
      three times as high as in the population of Sweden. The accident patients more
      often than hospital controls had suffered from dizziness and confusion but were
      more mobile. More or less obvious environmental factors were involved in one
      third of the accidents. Hospital care may not protect the mentally and physically
      incapacitated elderly patients from all accidents unless special measures are
      taken, measures that may interfere with the personal integrity of the patients
      and with the ultimate goals of rehabilitation.

PMID- 4067165
TI  - Obscuring urinary incontinence. Diapering of the elderly.
AB  - To assess the prevalence, evaluation, and treatment of urinary incontinence in an
      institutionalized elderly population, the charts of 511 residents in a New York
      City nursing home were reviewed. Whereas the nurses' notes documented urinary
      incontinence in 62.4% of the total resident population, the physicians' notes
      listed this as a problem in only 10% of the residents. Most (90.3%) of the cases
      of incontinence were not classified as to etiology or pattern. Treatment
      emphasized the use of diapers in 78.2% of the cases, which was combined with
      bladder conditioning in most instances. This treatment approach had been
      initiated, administered, and monitored by the nursing staff. Indwelling catheters
      were used in 4.0% of the situations, and pharmacologic therapy was used in 2.5%
      of the cases. It is suggested that adult diapers may not be the optimal treatment
      for urinary incontinence since they treat the symptom instead of the cause. There
      should be a systematic approach to the classification and treatment of urinary
      incontinence prior to the long-term utilization of diapers.

PMID- 4067166
TI  - Copper and zinc levels in "healthy" and "sick" elderly.
AB  - Healthy elderly as a group have a wider range for serum copper, ceruloplasmin,
      and serum zinc than the adjusted ranges for the laboratory. In disease serum
      copper and/or ceruloplasmin act as acute-phase reactants in vascular disease,
      inflammation, and malignancy. Serum zinc values likewise are affected by the
      presence of inflammation and malignancy. The reported low level of copper in
      patients with osteoporosis was not confirmed by the present study. Neither was
      there any evidence found for zinc deficiency in patients with dementia.

PMID- 4067167
TI  - Digitalis withdrawal in elderly nursing home patients.
AB  - Nursing home patients were studied to determine the usefulness of a maintenance
      dose of digoxin in elderly patients with normal sinus rhythm. Of 64 patients, 26
      were identified to be on digoxin. Thorough history and physical examination were
      done on all the patients. Baseline electrocardiogram showed normal sinus rhythm
      in 19 patients, who were observed very closely for the period of four months
      after withdrawal of digoxin. Eighteen of 19 patients did well without digoxin,
      which suggests that most of the elderly nursing home patients with normal sinus
      rhythm do not need a maintenance dose of digoxin.

PMID- 4067168
TI  - Medical students' attitudes toward sexually active older persons.
AB  - There are widespread assumptions in the literature concerning general disapproval
      of sexual activity in older persons. However, research evidence in support of
      these assumptions is sparse. An experiment that focused on attitudes toward
      sexually active older persons was conducted with 140 freshmen medical students.
      Each student read a 200-word account of a 68-year-old man or woman temporarily
      living in a nursing home. By random assignment, half read that the person was
      sexually active; there was no mention of sexuality for the remaining students.
      Students evaluated the 68 year old on a rating scale of 0 to 9 for such
      characteristics as mental alertness and cheerfulness. Regardless of the 68-year
      old person's gender, the students were significantly biased in favor of the
      sexually active person. Implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 4067170
TI  - Importance of the physical environment for older people.

PMID- 4067169
TI  - Factors affecting the use of influenza vaccine in the institutionalized elderly.
AB  - Annual influenza vaccination has been recommended for the past four years for all
      the patients residing on the extended-care facility of this large county
      hospital. During the fall of 1983, baseline data was collected regarding
      compliance with these recommendations. It was found that only 33% of the high
      risk individuals had been vaccinated. A study was planned to investigate the
      factors for poor compliance rate and explore alternate methods of delivery of the
      vaccine. Despite the physician's strong belief in the vaccine, all methods of
      reminders to the physicians failed to have significant impact on increased use of
      the influenza vaccine. Finally an institutional policy pertaining to a standing
      order for the influenza vaccine was approved by the Infection Control Committee
      and the hospital Medical Staff Committee and 95% of the patients on the extended
      care facility of this hospital were immunized.

PMID- 4067171
TI  - Immunization by decree?

PMID- 4067172
TI  - Quantitative method for studying orientation of transition dipoles in membrane
      vesicles of spherical symmetry.
AB  - Pigmented vesicular membranes embedded in polyacrylamide gel exhibit linear
      dichroism when the gel sample is squeezed [Abdourakhmanov, I.A., Ganago, A.O.,
      Erokhin, Yu.E., Solov'ev, A.A. and Chugunov, V.A. (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta
      546, 183-186]. The orientation technique of gel-squeezing was modified to enhance
      polarization effects in membrane vesicles of spherical symmetry. Model
      calculations were carried out to provide a tool for the quantitative evaluation
      of the dichroism of squeezed gel samples. The orientation angles of the dipoles
      can be calculated with reasonable precision by measuring two quantities: (i) the
      macroscopic deformation parameter of the gel sample, and (ii) a parameter (e.g.
      the polarization ratio of the fluorescence emission) characterizing the
      orientation of the transition dipoles in the membranes embedded in the squeezed
      gel. The validity of the model was confirmed through a series of polarization
      measurements relating to the fluorescence of chlorophyll a in membranes of
      osmotically shocked chloroplasts, 'blebs'.

PMID- 4067173
TI  - Estimation of beta-structure content of proteins by means of deconvolved FTIR
      spectra.
AB  - Fourier self-deconvolution was applied to the infrared spectra of five globular
      proteins with a high beta-structure content and to the essentially alpha-helical
      protein hemoglobin. The featureless amide I' bands around 1650 cm-1 were thereby
      resolved into six to nine components, depending on the protein. Specific
      components were assigned to the beta-structure segments in each protein. The
      frequencies and the number of 'beta-bands' differ from one protein to another.
      The areas of the components were evaluated by means of a Gauss-Newton iteration
      procedure. It appears that the total area of the beta-bands, as a fraction of the
      total amide I' band area, reflects the relative beta-structure content of each
      protein studied.

PMID- 4067174
TI  - Determination of methionine sulfoxide in proteins: comparison of a gas
      chromatographic and electrophoretic method.
AB  - Two methods for the determination of methionine in proteins have been used to
      estimate the extent of methionine sulfoxide obtained upon exposure of proteins to
      oxidizing agents. Both methods are based on prior treatment with cyanogen
      bromide, which attacks methionines (but not the sulfoxide derivative) with the
      resultant formation of methyl thiocyanate and peptides. The amount of methyl
      thiocyanate is determined quantitatively by gas chromatography, while the number
      of peptides is ascertained by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The gas
      chromatographic estimate of CH3SCN offers an accurate and precise method (down to
      nanogram values) for the quantitative determination of methionine sulfoxide in
      proteins. Due to its simplicity and the use of low-cost equipment, the
      electrophoretic method appears to be a valuable complement to the gas
      chromatographic method, and the two methods in conjunction provide novel results.

PMID- 4067175
TI  - Stopped-flow X-ray scattering device with a slit-type mixer.
AB  - A slit-type mixer specially designed for stopped-flow X-ray scattering was
      constructed. It mixes two solutions at a time, allowing a large-sized window to
      be used immediately after mixing. Dead time of the mixer was 13 ms with 3.5
      kg/cm2 of pressure at the piston head. It has been successfully used for studying
      the tetramer-dimer interconversion of phosphorylase a. The applicability of this
      mixer to other detection methods, far-UV circular dichroism, light scattering,
      EXAFS and fluorescence is also indicated.

PMID- 4067176
TI  - Characterization of synthetic carrier ampholytes by repetitive scanning of the
      electric field during focusing.
AB  - This paper reports the utilization of a potential gradient array detector for
      monitoring the dynamics of the electric field during isoelectric focusing.
      Transient and steady state electric field profiles are presented for synthetic
      carrier ampholyte mixtures with a wide (approximately 3-10) pH range. Two
      available commercial products (Ampholine and Pharmalyte) and a laboratory
      synthesized mixture (PEHA ampholytes) are compared. The formation of conductivity
      gaps and their migration toward the cathode in extended experiments (cathodic
      drift) can be visualized with this system.

PMID- 4067177
TI  - Spectral analysis for base composition of DNA undergoing melting.
AB  - A microcomputer-controlled spectrophotometer is described for obtaining the base
      composition of melting domains in DNA from derivative melting curves. Values have
      been determined for the differential molar extinction coefficients for the A-T
      and G-C base pair at the three wavelengths most useful for spectral analysis of
      base composition, 260, 270 and 282 nm. The average RMS error for these values was
      29 l(mol X cm)-1 for the melting of 14 DNA specimens ranging in base composition
      from 0-0.72 F(G + C). A precision of approximately 1% in base composition of
      domains is possible. Such analysis is useful for confirming or establishing
      assignments of domains to particular subtransitional features in high resolution
      melting curves.

PMID- 4067178
TI  - Application of voltammetric techniques to membrane studies.
AB  - The application of voltammetric methods to planar bilayer lipid membranes (BLM)
      studies is described. BLM-compound interaction experiments lead to the
      measurement of the membrane current underlying transport phenomena. From
      measurements of current/voltage of BLM in unstirred solutions as a function of
      scan rates, it is possible to obtain both thermodynamic and kinetic information.
      In past years, a variety of techniques have been used to study the electrical
      properties of BLMs, but in terms of versatility, the cyclic voltammetric
      technique is outstanding. Cyclic voltammetry is the definitive means of
      characterizing the redox process of electroactive membranes.

PMID- 4067179
TI  - Haemodynamic effects of withdrawal of efferent cervical vagal stimulation on
      anesthetized dogs--relative importance of chronotropic and non-chronotropic
      mechanisms.
AB  - The aim of the present work was to study changes in cardiac output (CO) and
      arterial blood pressure (ABP) following either interruption of artificial
      efferent vagal stimulations (STOP), or suppression of negative chronotropic
      effects, during uninterrupted vagal stimulations (PACE). Experiments were
      performed on 7 anesthetized, open-chest dogs. A computerized data acquisition
      system was used to record CO (electromagnetic flowmeter), ABP, right atrial
      pressure and electrocardiogram; 9 parameters were automatically elaborated. The
      peripheral stumps of both vagus nerves, sectioned at the neck, were stimulated
      for long control periods (at least 3 min) with brief trains of stimuli triggered
      by atrial P waves. Records were started during steady-state vagal stimulations,
      and consisted of paired trials: in the first step the vagal stimulators were
      turned off (STOP); in the second step the heart was paced at the same rate
      reached at the end of the preceding step, but vagal stimulation was continued
      (PACE). Observations lasted two min after each step. Results indicate rapid rise
      in CO and ABP after STOP, up to 30% and 10%, respectively, in 10 s, followed by
      slow reduction in CO and further increase in ABP (22% and 15%, respectively, at
      120 s). Thus STOP caused rapid and sustained improvements in the cardiac
      performance. After PACE changes in CO and ABP were smaller and followed a slower
      time-course. The greater effects of STOP with respect to PACE were attributed to
      non-chronotropic mechanisms, accounting for about 50% of the overall haemodynamic
      consequences of vagal withdrawal. Since peak aortic flow velocity and
      acceleration were increased after STOP, stroke volume was reduced much less than
      after PACE, despite equal rise in heart rate, and similar shortening in the
      ejection time. Evidence was presented of enhanced atrial and ventricular
      contractility after STOP. Experiments performed after beta-blockade in 5 dogs
      substantially confirmed the results. It is concluded that vagal withdrawal, which
      is an important aspect in many physiological situations, constitutes a rather
      powerful strategy for rapid enhancement of the cardiovascular performance,
      through different mechanisms, in addition to cardioacceleration.

PMID- 4067180
TI  - Uptake of [3H]2-deoxy-D-glucose and [3H]dopamine in adrenal chromaffin cells of
      the mouse.
AB  - Deoxyglucose method was applied to adrenal chromaffin cells. It was shown that
      dichromate-fixation could fix [3H]deoxyglucose in tissue sections. Dichromate
      fixation has two advantages as compared with glutaraldehyde-fixation: (1) two
      types of adrenal chromaffin cells, adrenaline-storing (A) cell and noradrenaline
      storing (NA) cells, are distinguishable, (2) more [3H]deoxyglucose is retained in
      sections than in those fixed with glutaraldehyde. No difference was demonstrated
      in the uptake of deoxyglucose between A and NA cells while A cells incorporated
      more [3H]dopamine than NA cells. This indicates that such difference was not due
      to the different rate of glucose utilization.

PMID- 4067181
TI  - Reflex patterns in postganglionic vasoconstrictor neurons following chronic nerve
      lesions.
AB  - Lesions of limb nerves in man may be associated with a variety of painful
      disorders with trophic changes described by the generic term 'reflex sympathetic
      dystrophy'. Our hypothesis is that pain and trophic changes are produced by an
      abnormal discharge pattern in postganglionic neurons supplying the limb (see
      refs. 3,24). In relation to this hypothesis, reflex patterns in postganglionic
      vasoconstrictor neurons supplying the skin (CVC) and the skeletal muscle (MVC) of
      the cat hindlimb were investigated at various times after a peripheral nerve
      lesion had been produced. These reflex patterns were compared with those in
      animals without nerve lesions (control preparations). The following lesions were
      made: cutting and ligating the superficial peroneal nerve (skin nerve) with
      subsequent neuroma formation, suturing the central stump of the superficial
      peroneal nerve to the peripheral stumps of muscle branches of the deep peroneal
      nerve, suturing the central stumps of muscle branches of the deep peroneal nerve
      to the peripheral stump of the superficial peroneal nerve, cutting and resuturing
      the superficial peroneal nerve, deafferentation of the whole hindlimb. The
      responses of vasoconstrictor neurons to stimulation of arterial chemoreceptors,
      arterial baroreceptors (cardiac rhythmicity of postganglionic activity) and
      cutaneous nociceptors were tested. In the animals with nerve lesions, the
      following groups of postganglionic vasoconstrictor neurons were analyzed: neurons
      projecting to the lesioned nerve, neurons projecting to hairy skin through an
      intact skin nerve (sural nerve) and neurons projecting to skeletal muscle through
      intact muscle nerves. In control preparations without nerve lesions, MVC neurons
      were excited by stimulation of arterial chemoreceptors and cutaneous nociceptors
      and inhibited by stimulation of arterial baroreceptors. Most CVC neurons were
      inhibited by stimulation of chemoreceptors and nociceptors and weakly inhibited
      by stimulation of baroreceptors. In animals with nerve lesions a and b, many CVC
      neurons in the lesioned nerves, as well as in the non-lesioned cutaneous nerve
      nearby, behaved in the same manner as MVC neurons. With respect to the control,
      this difference proved to be statistically significant. In preparations with
      lesions a, b and c, MVC neurons did not change their reflex patterns. After nerve
      lesions d and e, no major changes of reflex patterns were observed in CVC and MVC
      neurons. The inhibitory influence of arterial baroreceptors on CVC activity
      decreased in deafferented preparations (lesion e).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 4067183
TI  - Role of the medulla oblongata in the regulation of autonomic functions.
      Jerusalem, August 27-28, 1984.

PMID- 4067182
TI  - Properties of spinal cord processing of femoral venous afferent input revealed by
      analysis of evoked potentials.
AB  - Two characteristics of spinal cord interneurons which receive inputs from femoral
      saphenous venous afferents were examined. The shortest pathway between primary
      femoral-saphenous venous afferents and alpha-motoneurons was shown to be a di- or
      tri-synaptic circuit. In addition, the largest focal synaptic field potentials
      elicited by venous afferent stimulation at short latency were recorded from
      Rexed's lamina V. It was thus concluded that most of the first interneurons
      excited by venous afferents are found in this lamina.

PMID- 4067184
TI  - Yohimbine antagonism of the vasodepression elicited by organophosphates applied
      on ventral medulla oblongata.
AB  - The rostral ventral surface of medulla oblongata (RVMO) has been shown to
      constitute a selective target for organophosphate (op) cholinesterase inhibitors.
      The action of soman (S) as compared with (7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3
      diazole)aminopentyl methylphosphonofluoridate (NBD-AP-MPF), a fluorescent
      organophosphate has now been examined in anesthetized cats pretreated with
      atropine sulphate. Blood pressure (BP), electrocardiogram (ECG) and respiration
      (R) were recorded. In some animals a cannula was implanted into the right lateral
      ventricle. Chemicals were bilaterally applied on RVMO by means of a perspex
      cannula and removed after 5 min. The application of 2.5 micrograms S or 60
      micrograms NBD-AP-MPF elicited severe fall of BP which recovered only after 2 h
      in the case of the former and up to 45 min in the latter. Smaller doses produced
      corresponding responses of lesser magnitude. Accompanying R changes consisted in
      most cases of increased rate and reduced amplitude whereas in others the opposite
      or mixed alterations occurred. Frequently, sigh-like movements intermingled at
      periodic intervals with regular R deflections. The sighs were interpreted as
      aiming to correct blood gases balance. After application of atropine on RVMO--but
      not by systemic administration--BP and R were restored whereas single repeated
      i.v. injection of 1 microgram/kg noradrenaline produced only transient reversals
      without influencing the course of long lasting vasodepression. In contrast, the
      intraventricular administration of 250-500 micrograms yohimbine considerably
      reduced both the magnitude and extent of the vasodepression elicited by topically
      applied organophosphates. It is postulated that central alpha 2-adrenoceptors in
      contrast to vascular sites are likely involved in the op-induced vasodepression.
      The present work provides an indication that effective antagonists might be
      developed considering blockade of these receptors.

PMID- 4067185
TI  - Vasopressor neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of the rabbit.
AB  - Neurons within the rostral ventrolateral medulla oblongata project directly to
      the intermediolateral column in the thoracolumbar spinal cord. This paper reviews
      evidence obtained from experiments in the rabbit regarding the anatomical
      connections and physiological, pharmacological and histochemical properties of
      these cells. The following hypotheses are discussed: an increase in the firing
      rate of these neurons leads to a rise in arterial pressure due to sympathetic
      vasoconstriction, but does not affect respiratory or other somatomotor activity;
      the bulbospinal pathway originating from these neurons is an essential component
      of the central pathways mediating baroreceptor and other cardiovascular reflexes;
      these neurons receive tonic GABAergic inhibitory inputs, which are not all of
      baroreceptor origin; many of these bulbospinal neurons synthesize adrenalize. The
      possible role of adrenaline in the function of these neurons is considered.

PMID- 4067186
TI  - Mapping of cholinoceptive(nicotinoceptive)neurons in the lower brainstem: with
      special reference to the ventral surface of the medulla.
AB  - The distribution of cholinoceptive neurons in the lower brainstem of the rat was
      investigated by means of a histochemical method for specific
      acetylcholinesterase. Nicotinoceptive neurons were characterized using an alpha
      bungarotoxin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate for the detection of nicotinic
      acetylcholine receptors. For the first time a nearly complete mapping of the
      location of cholinoceptive (nicotinoceptive) neurons of the lower brainstem was
      achieved. Special attention was focused on the organization of the cholinoceptive
      neuronal matrix of the ventral surface of the medulla, where regulative centers
      for vasomotor and respiratory control are located.

PMID- 4067187
TI  - Photographic measurement with a nasendoscope.

PMID- 4067188
TI  - High speed photography of bioprosthetic heart valves during testing.

PMID- 4067189
TI  - Preservation of motion picture films.

PMID- 4067190
TI  - Video Recordings Act 1984.

PMID- 4067191
TI  - True scale representation in photographing the human figure.

PMID- 4067192
TI  - The unstable ankle mortise--functional ankle varus.
AB  - A new etiology of lateral ankle instability is described. The concept of triplane
      motion at the ankle joint differs with previous descriptions of ankle joint
      movement. Triplane movement about the ankle joint creates varus position during
      plantarflexion, and must be understood when evaluating ankle instability.
      Functional ankle varus can be assessed and treated appropriately with proper
      knowledge of its existence.

PMID- 4067193
TI  - The Herbert Bone Screw System: a new method of interfragmentary compression for
      first metatarsal osteotomies.
AB  - Closing base wedge osteotomies have often been a subject of controversy as to the
      mode of fixation necessary to supply adequate, prolonged stability across the
      osteotomy site. The authors introduce a method currently utilized at Riverside
      Hospital, Toledo, Ohio--that of the Herbert Bone Screw System.

PMID- 4067194
TI  - Cavus foot surgery: a new approach by electrodynographic evaluation.
AB  - The authors describe a calcaneal displacement rotational osteotomy for surgical
      correction of a cavus foot secondary to polio. The necessity of pre- and
      postoperative analysis of dynamic foot function with the use of the
      Electrodynogram is presented.

PMID- 4067195
TI  - Moire topography in the care of foot deformities.
AB  - Podoscopic images and moire images combined are useful for comparing the foot
      under weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing conditions. This makes it possible to
      evaluate the effect of weightbearing on the bone structures of the foot and is
      valuable in the treatment of foot deformities.

PMID- 4067196
TI  - Neuromas associated with tailor's bunion.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to present to the physician a common clinical
      problem associated with tailor's bunion, a probable traumatic neuroma of the
      proper digital branch of the superficial division of the lateral plantar nerve.
      Many of the patients who presented to the authors with tailor's bunion also
      exhibited a traumatic neuroma. The authors discuss this clinical problem, its
      treatment, and its eradication.

PMID- 4067197
TI  - Lipoma of the foot: a large and unusual case.
AB  - Lipomas are usually found in adipose tissue; however, on rare occasions, they are
      found in the hands or feet. The authors describe a lipoma in the lateral plantar
      aspect of the left heel of one of their patients. They describe the procedure
      used in surgical excision of lipomas and the possible complications.

PMID- 4067198
TI  - Ankle joint evaluation--an overview of arthroscopic technique.
AB  - Arthroscopy is useful in diagnosing and treating ankle pathology. It is
      comparatively atraumatic, which makes early postoperative ambulation possible and
      eliminates the problems resulting from casting and immobility. Familiarity with
      arthroscopic instruments and technique is essential and close attention to
      details is mandatory to avoid damage to the joint and other complications.

PMID- 4067199
TI  - Spontaneous pneumothorax: report of a case in podiatric surgery.
AB  - The authors have reviewed the literature concerning the subject of spontaneous
      pneumothoraces. Included in the review are the types of spontaneous
      pneumothoraces, such as: primary, secondary, tension, and catamenial. The
      symptomatology, diagnosis, and treatments were discussed. A case report of a
      catamenial spontaneous pneumothorax in a preoperative podiatric patient was
      presented.

PMID- 4067200
TI  - Joint depression calcaneal fracture.
AB  - A case report of a joint depression type calcaneal fracture (Rowe type 5) is
      presented. The causes, history, and suggested treatments, as well as sequelae and
      complications are discussed.

PMID- 4067201
TI  - Osteoid osteoma of the hallux.
AB  - A case involving a 29-year-old female with aspirin allergy who exhibited osteoid
      osteoma at the distal phalanx of the hallux is presented. Osteoid osteoma is a
      relatively rare occurrence in the foot (1). It is a benign bone tumor usually
      consisting of an oval osteolytic area with a central nidus (2). Pathologic,
      clinical, and radiographic findings are included.

PMID- 4067202
TI  - Biomechanical review: Coe-alginate impression techniques.
AB  - The authors have found Coe-alginate to have many uses in podiatric surgery. They
      describe the technique and believe that its reproduction quality is superior to
      that obtained by using other materials.

PMID- 4067204
TI  - The prognostic value of thyroid function tests in predominantly non-alcoholic
      cirrhotic patients: a prospective investigation.
AB  - The prognostic value of thyroid function parameters (T3, T4, rT3 and the rT3:T3
      ratio) and common liver tests (serum bilirubin, albumin and prothrombin activity)
      was investigated on hospital admission in 100 consecutive patients with
      predominantly non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Twenty-nine out of 100 patients had
      a well compensated cirrhosis and their mean values of thyroid tests were similar
      to those of 40 healthy controls. A low T3 syndrome was found in the remaining 71
      decompensated patients. In these thyroid function parameters were correlated with
      serum bilirubin and prothrombin activity. Moreover mean values of all thyroid and
      liver tests, except serum albumin, were significantly different between survivors
      and nonsurvivors at 3 months. To evaluate the best cut-off value which allowed to
      predict the outcome of patients, the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC)
      curves were generated for each test by plotting the values obtained in survivors
      at 3 months (true positives) vs nonsurvivors (false positives). By holding the
      false positive errors within 10%, the highest percentage of true positive results
      (i.e. patients dead at 3 months) was observed for the rT3:T3 ratio, rT3 and serum
      bilirubin at a cut-off point of 0.841, 55 ng/dl and 3.5 mg/dl, respectively.
      According to the above cut-offs the rT3:T3 ratio had the best positive predictive
      value (74%; 95% confidence limits 60-90%) in comparison to rT3 and bilirubin.

PMID- 4067203
TI  - Plasma testosterone, estradiol, progesterone and 17-hydroxy-progesterone
      responses to single-dose stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin in chronic
      male alcoholics.
AB  - Ten chronic male alcoholics presenting with hypogonadism but without overt liver
      failure were examined under basal conditions and after stimulation of the
      testicular steroidogenesis with a single dose of human chorionic gonadotropin
      (hCG, 2,000 IU im). Plasma concentrations of testosterone (T), 17 beta-estradiol
      (E2), progesterone (P) and 17-OH progesterone (17-OHP) were measured between
      08:00-09:00 prior to injection and then every 24 h at the same time in the
      morning until the 96th hour following the injection. Controls were 10 male adult
      volunteers, examined under the same conditions. Four alcoholics underwent a
      second hCG stimulation after 10 day controlled abstinence from alcohol. Basal
      plasma T and P were significantly decreased and increased respectively in the
      alcoholics (p less than 0.001) whereas E2 and 17-OHP were much the same in both
      groups. The magnitude of the T response to hCG injection was significantly lower
      in the alcoholics at any considered time (p less than 0.001). The E2 response,
      too, was lower, whereas the ratio E2 change/T change after hCG was higher. The
      response peak occurred earlier for E2 than for T both in controls and alcoholics.
      The mean percent change at 24 h and the mean maximum increase of 17-OHP were
      higher in the alcoholics (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05 respectively). An
      increase in P after hCG was observed in only 5 alcoholics (responders), while
      some subjects displayed paradoxical decreases. Abstinence was always followed by
      an increased T response and a decreased 17-OHP response. The E2 response was
      unchanged and two P responders displayed an increased response.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4067205
TI  - Effects of melatonin on PRL secretion during different photoperiods of the day in
      prepubertal and pubertal healthy subjects.
AB  - The effect of melatonin on PRL secretion has not been established yet. In an
      attempt to establish whether PRL response to melatonin changes in relation to the
      photoperiods of the day and pubertal maturation, we evaluated PRL plasma levels
      after melatonin administration in 19 prepubertal and pubertal healthy subjects of
      both sexes in two different periods of the day: in the morning, when the
      sensitivity to melatonin is low, and in the afternoon, when the responsiveness to
      melatonin is higher. Melatonin was given im at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg BW PRL plasma
      levels were determined with double antibody RIA method. When melatonin was
      administered in the morning, all pubertal subjects and 7 of 9 prepubertal ones
      showed no significant variation of PRL levels; a significant decrease was
      observed in the other 2 prepubertal subjects. On the contrary, when melatonin was
      given in the afternoon, a significant increase in PRL plasma levels was seen in
      all pubertal subjects; no significant changes were found in 6 prepubertal ones,
      while in the other 3 a marked decrease could be observed. The results reveal that
      the response of PRL to melatonin depends upon the times of day of administration
      and on pubertal development.

PMID- 4067206
TI  - Immunoreactive prolactin like material in the urine of women.
AB  - Immunoreactive prolactin-like material (Ir Prl) was detected in urines of
      eugonadal women during the luteal phase and in urines of pregnant and lactating
      women. The levels of Ir Prl urinary excretion per 24 h and of elimination per 100
      ml of glomerular filtrate were highest in lactating women as compared to pregnant
      women; levels in pregnant women were elevated as compared to eugonadal subjects.
      Iv injection of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH, 200 micrograms) caused
      increased levels of urinary Ir Prl. The physiochemical characteristics of urinary
      Ir Prl of lactating women were investigated by filtrating urine samples on
      Ultragel Aca 54 in presence or absence of Trasylol. Urines, supplemented with
      Trasylol and analyzed either immediately or after storage at room temperature for
      24 h, contained in addition to the 23,000 Mr monomeric form (25.2 +/- 7.4%), two
      fractions of high (greater than or equal to 70,000) or low (less than 23,000)
      molecular weight, respectively. The latter material largely predominated (73.5 +/
      7.3%). Urines kept at room temperature for 24 h without Trasylol showed variable
      but significant decreases in the monomer form with a parallel increase in high MW
      and fragmented forms. The extent of degradation of the monomer was directly
      proportional to the proteolytic activity of the urines as estimated by the
      Azocoll breakdown test. Contrary to what was observed with the urinary endogenous
      monomeric Prl, human pituitary Prl remained unaltered upon incubation in Trasylol
      free urines up to 45 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4067207
TI  - Pseudotumor cerebri and thyroid-replacement therapy in patients affected by
      differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - The pseudotumor cerebri, a neurological syndrome clinically characterized by
      headaches, vomiting and bilateral papilledema, occurred in two patients,
      previously subjected to total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma,
      after initiation of levothyroxine replacement therapy. In patients with thyroid
      cancer, subjected to thyroidectomy and then thyroid hormone replacement therapy,
      the possible development of pseudotumor cerebri syndrome should be considered and
      differentiated from CNS symptoms due to brain metastases.

PMID- 4067208
TI  - Adipsic hypernatremia in a patient with pseudotumor cerebri and the primary empty
      sella syndrome.
AB  - Adipsic hypernatremia, a rare disorder, usually secondary to a hypothalamic
      lesion, is caused by the combination of partial central diabetes insipidus with
      hypo- or adipsia. We studied a patient who presented with a global hypothalamic
      dysfunction including adipsic hypernatremia. An extensive work-up disclosed the
      presence of pseudotumor cerebri and an empty sella turcica. Although endocrine
      abnormalities including true diabetes insipidus have been reported in conjunction
      with pseudotumor cerebri or an empty sella, no patient described presented such a
      global hypothalamic dysfunction or adipsic hypernatremia. The increased
      intracranial pressure is postulated to be the responsible mechanism for both the
      empty sella and the hypothalamic dysfunction.

PMID- 4067209
TI  - Testosterone and calcitonin plasma levels in hypogonadal osteoporotic young men.
AB  - The aim of this study was to ascertain whether there was an interrelationship
      between male osteoporosis, calcitonin and androgens. Ten young hypogonadal
      osteoporotic men were studied: testosterone and calcitonin plasma levels were
      measured before and after therapy with testosterone enanthate (200 mg im every
      three weeks for four months). In these patients testosterone and calcitonin
      plasma levels were significantly lower than controls, before therapy (p less than
      0.001 and p less than 0.01 respectively). Testosterone treatment significantly
      increased (p less than 0.05) serum calcitonin. The conclusion was that androgen
      deficiency may cause osteoporosis also by decreasing calcitonin secretion.

PMID- 4067210
TI  - Factitious hypermineralocorticoidism due to transdermal application of a 9-alpha
      prednisolone containing ointment.

PMID- 4067211
TI  - [The court on tubal sterilization in 1985].
AB  - The gynaecologist and the surgeon undertake unknown risks because the law as far
      as sterilisation is concerned is poor in case history and for this reason more to
      be feared. There is, apart from Penal Code 309-310-316 on voluntary infliction of
      injury, on mutilation and on castration and on procedures that are sometimes
      dangerous to body and soul, silence in the low. This may appear to be favourable
      to the performance of male or female sterilisation for medical and social
      reasons. This approach clarifies the question of sterilisation which is more
      useful at a time when there is an increase in attempts to sue doctors for
      indemnity; and it is possible to fear that there will be an increase in cases of
      such legal action, because of the increase in the number of case histories that
      are referred for expert medical opinions in gynaecology and obstetrics, in case
      law and for the civil courts. It is not denied that there has been a tacit
      agreement to give indications for sterilisation during operations, and that this
      has been respected by the law because the medico-social situation of the patients
      is a very special one. On the other hand it is wise, and it will prevent medico
      legal risks in cases where tubal or vas sterilisation has been carried out, if
      there are full medical and surgical notes prepared with detailed information and
      informed consent often given by the patient in writing and sometimes later, if
      necessary, the preparation of full defensive explanations of why the procedure
      was carried out. Paradoxically, this operation is not strictly legal in spite of
      the vague outlines of the concessions that have been made by the Conseil National
      de l'Ordre and by the National Academy of Medicine, whose attitude is still a
      very theoretical one. This is also the case with the European Commission, whose
      deliberations are so far no better than those that apply to French law.

PMID- 4067212
TI  - [Value of the demonstration of amniotic phosphatidylglycerol in pregnancy in
      diabetic women].
AB  - Correlation was made between phosphatidylglycerol (PG), L/S ratio results and
      respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). PG determination is an accurate predictor of
      fetal lung maturity in diabetic pregnancies: when it is present in amniotic fluid
      there is never risk of RDS for the infant.

PMID- 4067213
TI  - [Occult cancer of the breast].
AB  - 21 cases of occult breast cancer were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were
      followed up from 1 to 9 years. Only one of these patients had partial axillary
      nodal disease and none had recurrence of mammary neoplastic disease. Thus, the
      prognosis of occult breast cancer is much better than that of clinical breast
      cancer and we think that all possible efforts must be made it order to detect
      breast cancer earlier. Mammography seems to be the best form of screening and in
      our opinion in every suspect disease surgical exploration must be performed.

PMID- 4067214
TI  - [Extrauterine pregnancy following in vitro fertilization, 2 of these associated
      with a developing intrauterine pregnancy].
AB  - Five cases of extra-uterine pregnancy occurred after in vitro fertilisation and
      embryo transfer. The case histories are given. All pregnancies occurred in the
      ampullary portions of the tubes. In two of the cases there was an on-going intra
      uterine pregnancy as well as the ectopic. After the extra-uterine pregnancy had
      been operated on the intra-uterine pregnancies continued normally to term. In
      considering the tubal physiology the authors attempt to draw conclusions about
      the factors causing ectopic pregnancies after in vitro fertilisation.

PMID- 4067215
TI  - [Pregnancy in adolescents].
AB  - 225 women aged less than 18 years of age at the start of their pregnancies were
      seen in the Saint Antoine Hospital between July 1977 and December 1983 (1.2%).
      These pregnancies were studied using data-processing. From the sociological angle
      there were two main groups. There were on-dwelling French women (29.3%) and
      African women (27.1%). These groups could be compared according to the total
      number of women who were married (35% French girls and 95% in the Africans) and
      the age of the partner and his professional activity. 46 patients had already had
      one previous pregnancy of which 29 delivered at term. In 25% of the pregnancies
      there were fewer than 4 antenatal consultations. There was a rise in the numbers
      of premature labours (22.2%) and only a small number of cases of toxaemia (4.4%).
      The caesarean section rate was 9.3%. The average weight of the newborn was 3110
      g. The perinatal mortality rate was 8 per 1000. The conclusions that can be drawn
      are that pregnancies in adolescents who attend the Saint Antoine Maternity
      Hospital are "at risk" pregnancies, but the percentage who are at risk is fewer
      than in many other countries.

PMID- 4067216
TI  - [Spontaneous rupture of the liver in pregnancy. Case study and review of the
      literature].
AB  - The authors report a case of "spontaneous" rupture of the liver in a woman of 35
      years of age. This occurred immediately after post-partum eclampsia. It was not
      possible to obtain complete haemostasis using absorbable haemostatic compresses
      along the convexity of the liver. Complete cessation of bleeding only occurred
      after the operation when posterior pituitary abstracts had been transfused. The
      patient died 53 days after the initial procedure from a high gastro-intestinal
      haemorrhage. A study of the literature shows that this rare condition is most
      probably a complication of toxaemia of pregnancy but the physio-pathology of
      these liver lesions is ill-understood. The clinical picture is in two phases--the
      first corresponds to the formation of a sub-capsular haematoma and the second to
      the intra-peritoneal rupture of this haematoma. The prognosis for this condition
      is poor, the maternal mortality ranging from 56%-75%. The prognosis is linked to
      the speed with which the diagnosis is made and surgical intervention is carried
      out. This should be done before the capsule of the liver ruptures. Haemostasis is
      nearly always best obtained by using haemostatic compression with packs but
      haemostasis is not always adequate, particularly if there are several lesions in
      both lobes of the liver. This case history shows that using posterior pituitary
      abstracts in transfusion can be helpful.

PMID- 4067217
TI  - [Why should benign mastopathies be treated medically?].
AB  - This paper analyses the different therapeutic approaches that can be used for the
      treatment of benign breast diseases. These different options vary according to
      our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. It is very important to
      know exactly what sort of benign breast disease is being treated in terms of
      pathological abnormalities in order to obtain objective evaluations of the
      efficiency of any given hormone treatment (mainly progestogens, Danazol and
      Bromocriptine). It is also very important to know whether the treatment can
      change some of the cellular abnormalities that carry a high risk of breast
      cancer. These are: various forms of lobular hyperplasia. Last of all, it is
      important to know whether hormone treatment of benign breast disease can be
      considered as a way of preventing breast cancer. It is only by carrying out a
      large epidemiological study on patients who have been correctly matched and have
      been treated under the same protocol that such speculative questions can be
      answered.

PMID- 4067218
TI  - [Epithelial tumors of the ovary. Therapeutic results apropos of 165 cases of
      stage II and III tumors].
AB  - A report on the treatment of 165 epithelial tumours of the ovary (60 of which
      were stage II and 105 were stage III) by medical means after surgery. The results
      are far better in stage II cases for the length of survival without disease and
      the 5 year survival rate when surgical excision was complete (40 months and 43%)
      as compared with the disease-free interval and survival when surgical excision
      was incomplete (14 months and 27%) (p less than 0.05). There was a significant
      difference (p less than 0.05) in favour of pelvic and total abdominal irradiation
      as compared with other added therapeutic measures: 41 months as a median of
      disease-free interval and 60% survival at 5 years for patients who had pelvic and
      total abdominal irradiation combined with chemotherapy as against 26 months and
      38% survival for patients who had only pelvic irradiation with chemotherapy. In
      the 105 stage III cases the median interval of disease-free survival and the
      survival at 5 years are quite different (p less than 0.01) for the 57 cases who
      had complete surgical excision (30 months and 17.5%) as compared with those who
      only had incomplete surgical treatment (1.4 months and 2%). There was no
      significant difference in the disease-free interval and the 5 year survival rate
      according to the different post-surgical therapeutic measures, whether these were
      chemotherapy alone or pelvic irradiation or pelvic and abdominal irradiation.
      These results are compared with those of other treatments following surgery of
      tumours of the ovary (a historical comparison and random trials).

PMID- 4067219
TI  - [Second-look laparotomy or the search for curable stage III FIGO ovarian
      epitheliomas. Apropos of a series of 35 cases].
AB  - The authors report their experience in 35 cases of second-look laparotomy
      performed on 35 patients in the Claudius Regaud Centre. The actuarial survival
      rate at 3 years of patients who had undergone this surgery has been shown to be
      41% as against 13% for all Stage III and IV cases randomly taken in this same
      period (194 cases). Indications for a second-look laparotomy are generally
      reserved for patients who have responded to chemotherapy after a mean of 6
      treatments unless there in an obvious indication to go in. The reasons for this
      procedure include the idea of assessing completely the state of affairs and if
      necessary carrying out a large excision operation, knowing full well that the
      results will depend mainly on the quality of the first treatment given. Survival
      after second-look laparotomy depends on the mass of neoplastic tissue that is
      left behind, its size and its position in the peritoneal cavity or in the lumbo
      aortic lymph nodes. This makes it possible to define that privileged group of
      patients that have a good prognosis. These patients who can be cured are those
      who have no disease in the peritoneal cavity or in the lymph glands. The
      combination of different ways of treating residual disease in the peritoneum or
      behind the peritoneum are derived from decisions made following second-look
      laparotomy. There is no place for radiotherapy of the abdomen and pelvis when
      there is residual lymph gland disease.

PMID- 4067220
TI  - [Microsurgical treatment of tuboperitoneal lesions. I. Results of distal
      tuboplasties: apropos of 135 cases].
AB  - 135 patients were operated on using a microsurgical technique for distal plastic
      repairs between April 1978 and April 1983. Recurrences and cases with two lesions
      were excluded. The patients were classified in the group which corresponded to
      the tube that was less affected when the lesions were not symmetrical according
      to the I.F.F.S. classification. Out of 59 operations for fimbrioplasty, 31 had an
      on-going pregnancy, which is 52.5%, and 8 had an extra-uterine pregnancy, which
      is 13.5%. Of 76 cases that had neosalpingostomies, 28 had an on-going pregnancy,
      which was 36.8%, and 17 an extra-uterine pregnancy, which was 22.3%. When we
      looked at the results as a function of the initial lesion (the 9 cases of mixed
      lesions being excluded), 39 out of 83 cases of phimosis had an on-going pregnancy
      (47%) and 15 an extra-uterine pregnancy (18%). Out of 43 cases of hydrosalpinx 17
      had an on-going pregnancy (39.5%) and 5 an extra-uterine pregnancy (41.6%). The
      levels of success obtained after operation on distal tubal lesions according to
      the criteria of definite selection are relatively satisfactory if one compares
      the present results with those obtained for in vitro fertilisation. It is
      therefore still correct to operate on these lesions. All the same, distal
      reparative surgery does give rise to a high risk of extrauterine pregnancy, which
      is nearly 20%. In our series the basically more significant rate at p less than
      0.05 was shown after making neosalpingostomy in cases of phimosis. The
      consequences of this complication can now be limited by the progress that has
      been made in laparoscopic surgery.

PMID- 4067221
TI  - [Microsurgical treatment of tuboperitoneal lesions. II. Results of the release of
      adhesions: apropos of 46 cases].
AB  - Between April 1978 and April 1983 46 patients were operated on for division of
      adhesions of a first and second degree according to the Madrid classification.
      They were operated on by laparotomy. 36 patients, which was 78.3%, had an on
      going pregnancy and 3 had an extra-uterine pregnancy, which was 6.5%. We give
      three reasons to explain these results: antibiotic and anti-inflammatory
      treatment before the operation. This is important because of the high rate of
      infection and in particular chlamydia trachomatis. This is on-going in these
      patients. A technique for division of adhesions that was carried out according to
      a precise and stereotyped protocol used by all three operators. a follow-up of 43
      out of these 46 patients that allowed them to be treated in the months following
      surgery to deal with other factors contributing to lowered fertility.

PMID- 4067222
TI  - Epidemiological models of diarrhoeal diseases.

PMID- 4067223
TI  - Acute enteritis associated with rotavirus presence in Brazilian children:
      evaluations on prevalence, therapy and age group.

PMID- 4067224
TI  - Comparison of oral and intravenous rehydration among hospitalized children with
      acute diarrhoea.

PMID- 4067225
TI  - Enterotoxigenic properties of Vibrio fluvialis (group F vibrio) isolated from
      clinical and environmental sources.

PMID- 4067226
TI  - Lack of relationship between Clostridium difficile toxin and inflammatory bowel
      disease in children.
AB  - Conflicting reports have appeared concerning the role of Clostridium difficile
      toxin in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, we prospectively
      evaluated the incidence of C. difficile toxin in 44 children with inflammatory
      bowel disease of variable clinical severity over a 1-year period. Only 3/128
      stool specimens provided by these patients were found to be toxin-positive. These
      three stool specimens were from three different patients with Crohn's disease of
      moderate severity who had no recent hospitalization or antibiotic exposure. None
      received vancomycin therapy and their stools became toxin-negative over 3 weeks
      with no apparent change in the patients' clinical condition. No patient with
      severe disease or recent exposure to antibiotics or sulfasalazine was found to
      have toxin-positive stools. Routine screening for C. difficile toxin in children
      with inflammatory bowel disease appears unwarranted.

PMID- 4067227
TI  - Esophageal cast.
AB  - We report a case of esophageal cast, a rare entity, and a review of the
      literature. We also theorize about the possible mechanism of injury due to
      vomiting, which was common in most previously reported patients. We assume a
      close association may occur between the Mallory-Weiss syndrome and production of
      an esophageal cast. Other causes of esophageal casts are presented.

PMID- 4067228
TI  - Infantile achalasia associated with deficient tear production.
AB  - Achalasia occurs rarely in infancy. We report a case of infantile achalasia
      associated with deficient tear production. This presentation, as well as the few
      extremely rare related reports, may suggest a common autonomic system
      pathophysiology.

PMID- 4067229
TI  - Diffuse hemangiomatosis of the colon.
AB  - We report extensive colonic hemangiomatosis in two young adults. In the first,
      the hemangioma contiguously involved the entire colon. In the second, a large
      venous angioma affected the bladder, rectosigmoid, and descending colon. Venous
      angioma, a variant of hemangioma, is frequently confused with cavernous
      hemangioma because of their similar histologic appearance. The angiographic
      features, however, may enable a more accurate preoperative diagnosis and prevent
      unwarranted biopsy. We review and put into perspective pertinent previous reports
      of cavernous and venous angioma.

PMID- 4067230
TI  - Primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic pancreatitis in a patient with ulcerative
      colitis.
AB  - A 65-year-old Japanese woman had primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and chronic
      pancreatitis associated with ulcerative colitis. The association of PBC and
      ulcerative colitis may prove to be valid.

PMID- 4067231
TI  - Hepatorenal syndrome associated with obstructive jaundice.
AB  - In almost all cases of acute renal failure associated with cholestatic jaundice,
      the occurrence of renal failure is preceded by episodes of shock, hypotension,
      sepsis, or surgical intervention. The pathologic finding is usually that of acute
      tubular necrosis. A patient with obstructive jaundice developed renal failure;
      the clinical and pathologic features were consistent with those found in the
      hepatorenal syndrome. No episodes of shock or sepsis preceded the onset of that
      renal failure. At autopsy, the findings were normal.

PMID- 4067232
TI  - Prognostic factors in ulcer disease: are they real, are they relevant?

PMID- 4067233
TI  - The variable appearance of distal common bile duct stenosis in chronic
      pancreatitis.
AB  - Cholangiograms of 15 patients with stenosis of distal portion of common bile duct
      due to chronic alcoholic pancreatitis were critically evaluated for stricture
      shape, length, and maximal diameter of the common bile duct. In these
      cholangiograms, different shapes of strictured segments were present, including
      the smooth tapering variety in eight, "funnel shape" in three, and "rat tail,"
      "bent knee," "hourglass," and complete obstruction in one case each. The length
      of strictured segment ranged from 16 to 57 mm with a mean (+/- S.E.) of 40.7 +/-
      4.1 mm. The mean (+/- S.E.) maximal diameter of the dilated portion of common
      bile duct was 18.9 +/- 1.3 mm with a range of 13-28 mm. There is a wide variety
      in the shape and length of the stenotic segments of the distal common bile duct
      in chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. Moreover, a particular radiologic
      configuration of common bile duct stricture is not helpful in predicting the
      nature of the underlying process in this group of patients.

PMID- 4067234
TI  - Filiform polyposis: an unusual complication of inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - Filiform polyposis is an unusual form of inflammatory polyposis which complicates
      inflammatory bowel disease. Recognition of this variant is important in that its
      radiographic and endoscopic picture may mimic villous adenoma or adenocarcinoma.
      Filiform polyposis may precipitate obstruction by stricture formation or give
      rise to major hemorrhage. We report five patients with inflammatory bowel disease
      complicated by asymptomatic filiform polyposis to emphasize the pathology of this
      lesion. We also review the literature regarding this topic.

PMID- 4067235
TI  - Is an ounce of prevention worth a pound of cure?
AB  - In this month's column, we shall begin a two-part series on the physician and
      matrimonial law. While this topic is at best tangentially related to clinical
      gastroenterology, I believe that you will nonetheless find it interesting,
      informative, and perhaps even useful. The first part addresses the issues
      surrounding the antenuptial agreement, while the second will be concerned with
      divorce along with the theories of distribution of marital assets.

PMID- 4067236
TI  - Pubertal development and friends: a biosocial explanation of adolescent sexual
      behavior.

PMID- 4067237
TI  - Stress-buffer properties of alcohol consumption: the role of urbanicity and
      religious identification.

PMID- 4067238
TI  - The gomer phenomenon.

PMID- 4067239
TI  - The effects of obesity on the clinical judgments of mental health professionals.

PMID- 4067240
TI  - The buffering effect of social support subsequent to an important life event.

PMID- 4067241
TI  - Litomosoides carinii: retardation of worm growth and of migration of challenge
      infections in jirds (Meriones unguiculatus).
AB  - Inbred jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) were divided into three groups; each animal
      in two of the groups was infected with 30 infective larvae (L3) of Litomosoides
      carinii. When these infections were patent, the jirds of one of the two infected
      groups plus those of the third group were injected with 30 L3 L. carinii each.
      All animals were killed either on day 14 or 24 after the second infection for the
      recovery, enumeration and measurement of all worms and developing larvae.
      Challenge larvae were stunted (smaller) and fewer than control larvae.
      Additionally, fewer challenge larva were recovered on day 14 than on day 24,
      indicating that migration to the pleural cavity was retarded.

PMID- 4067242
TI  - Immunological evidence of chemotherapeutic action of mebendazole against
      Ancylostoma ceylanicum (Looss, 1911) in hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus).
AB  - The immunological responses in hamsters during treatment with mebendazole against
      Ancylostoma ceylanicum are studied. Indirect haemagglutination (IHA)
      counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP), passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), foot
      pad swelling for immediate (ITH) and delayed (DTH) types of hypersensitivities
      were employed for measuring the responses. Serum antibody which was 1:32 before
      treatment increased to the maximum of 1:512 (control 1:128) on the 10th day and
      it declined subsequently. The CIEP test was positive for 10 days and then became
      negative. The PCA test was positive throughout the observation period both in the
      treated and untreated groups. Foot pad swelling for ITH and DTH responses were
      comparatively more prominent than in the untreated control up to the 20th day and
      then both decreased simultaneously. The immunological responses remained
      prominent for a longer period and decreased more slowly in the untreated control
      group.

PMID- 4067243
TI  - Retinol deficiency and Dipetalonema viteae infection in the hamster.
AB  - Following chronic retinol (vitamin A) deprivation leading to exhaustion of liver
      vitamin A reserves below 50 I.U. per liver hamsters were fed diets either
      deficient in ("Rd":250 I.U.A./kg in experiment I, 1000 I.U.A/kg in experiment II)
      or enriched with retinol ("Rw":10000 I.U.A/kg in experiment I and II). After 4
      weeks some of the animals (36 in experiment I, 30 in II) were infected with 150
      3rd-stage larvae of D. viteae, while clean animals were kept as controls. The
      retinol status, the immune response (indirect fluorescent antibody test: IFAT)
      and parasitological parameters were examined up to 8 (experiment I) and 12 weeks
      (experiment II) post infection (p.i.). Rd hamsters had levelling off of weight
      gain or weight loss, severely deficient retinol levels in serum and liver, and
      high mortality. Weight gain was less in infected than in uninfected hamsters, and
      the capacity of infected Rw animals to restore liver retinol was significantly
      lower than that of uninfected Rw animals. IFAT titres were similar in Rd and in
      Rw animals, but microfilaraemia was significantly enhanced at 8 and 10.5 weeks
      p.i. in Rd hamsters. While the number of worms recovered from Rd and Rw hamsters
      was similar, there was a significant increase in the ratio of female to male
      worms in Rd hamsters. Rd hamsters in experiment I produced 3.3 times the worm
      mass per 100 g body-weight than Rw hamsters. Also, the average mass per female
      worm was significantly higher in Rd than Rw in hamsters, and this parameter was
      negatively correlated with the liver retinol concentration in experiment I(r = 
      0.89). Retinol deficiency has a marked effect on growth and fertility of D.
      viteae in hamsters.

PMID- 4067244
TI  - Anthelmintic effects of bithionol, paromomycin sulphate, flubendazole and
      mebendazole on mature and immature Hymenolepis nana in mice.
AB  - The anthelmintic effects of anti-tapeworm drugs, bithionol, paromomycin sulphate,
      flubendazole and mebendazole on immature and mature Hymenolepis nana in mice were
      compared. Immature worms were not affected by paromomycin sulphate or
      flubendazole administered for 12 consecutive days (days one to 12 after
      infection) at 100 mg/kg/day but 48% and 100% of H. nana were eliminated from mice
      by bithionol and mebendazole respectively, at the same dosage regimen. Bithionol,
      paromomycin sulphate, flubendazole and mebendazole given at 100 mg/kg/day for
      five consecutive days (days 12 to 16 after infection) eliminated 32%, 29%, 36%
      and 100% of mature worms respectively. 10 and 20 mg of mebendazole/kg/day for
      five consecutive days (days 12 to 16 after infection) had little effect on mature
      worms whereas 50 and 100 mg/kg/day for the same period eliminated 99% and 100% of
      mature worms, respectively. ED50 of mebendazole in the elimination of mature H.
      nana was 14 or 15 mg/kg/day for five days from the reduction in dry weight or in
      number of worms recovered respectively. The effects of mebendazole given 2 to 4
      days, 8 to 10 days or 13 to 15 days after infection at 100 mg/kg/day were
      compared. Very low, if any, activity of the drug given 2 to 4 days after
      infection was seen, whereas the drug given 8 to 10 days or 13 to 15 days after
      infection eliminated 84% and 86% of H. nana respectively.

PMID- 4067245
TI  - The cercarial emergence of Schistosoma japonicum from Oncomelania quadrasi under
      outdoor conditions in the Philippines.
AB  - The cercarial emergence of Schistosoma japonicum from Oncomelania quadrasi was
      observed under outdoor conditions in Leyte, Philippines. Nocturnal periodicity of
      the emergence within 24 hours was recognized. Peak emergence usually occurs
      between 18:00 and 20:00 and occasionally between 8:00 and 10:00. The peaks were
      usually synchronized with a sudden lowering of water temperature and light
      intensity and occasionally with their increase. As the nocturnal periodicity of
      the emergence was observed in the dark and outdoors, it was suggested that
      emergence might be dependent on temperature, which is secondarily influenced by
      photoperiodicity and light intensity.

PMID- 4067246
TI  - Prolonged expulsion of adult Trichinella spiralis and eosinophil infiltration in
      mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice.
AB  - Eosinophil infiltrations were observed in the intestine and the muscle of both
      Trichinella spiralis-infected (WBxC57BL/6)F1-W/Wv mice and their littermates,
      WBB6F1-+/+, +/W, +/Wv, almost to the same extent. W/Wv mice did not show
      infiltration of subepithelial mast cells and globule leucocytes in response to T.
      spiralis infection. Increased numbers of these cells were observed in their
      littermates. Worms in W/Wv mice were retained for longer periods than those in
      littermates. Also, no difference was noted in the production of specific serum
      antibodies between W/Wv mice and their littermates, as determined by passive
      cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) for specific IgE and by indirect haemagglutination
      (IHA). These results suggest a possible participation of SMC, GL and eosinophils
      in the expulsion of adult T. spiralis.

PMID- 4067247
TI  - A new filarial nematode (Onchocercidae) from warthogs (Phacochoerus aethiopicus)
      of the Kruger National Park.
AB  - Fifty-five warthogs [Phacochoerus aethiopicus (Suidae: Artiodactyla)] from the
      Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa, were examined for parasites.
      Adult filarial nematodes were found in lymphatic vessels adjacent to peripheral
      and visceral lymph nodes, and microfilariae were found in lymph nodes and
      circulating blood. Both the adult parasite and the microfilaria are described.
      Specific identification is pending confirmation and recovery of intact adult
      specimens and microfilariae identical to those described herein.

PMID- 4067248
TI  - Infection of dogs with Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices derived from serial
      passages in mice.

PMID- 4067249
TI  - The suppression of homologous immunity by soluble adult antigens of
      Nematospiroides dubius.
AB  - An established adult infection of Nematospiroides dubius was unaffected by the
      administration of immune lymphocytes and immune sera whereas an incoming larval
      infection was expelled. Past experiments have shown that the immune inoculum at
      least had the ability to recognize adult stages, leading to the hypothesis that
      adult stages secrete or excrete an immunomodulatory shield around themselves in
      the gastrointestinal tract. This hypothesis was given further credence by the
      demonstration that soluble antigens derived from adults abolished the generation
      of homologous immunity to this parasite. Modulation of immunity was reflected by
      increased fecundity, increased worm size, and increased survival time in the gut.

PMID- 4067250
TI  - Observations on Toxocara pteropodis infections in mice.
AB  - Infection in mice with Toxocara pteropodis was investigated. In mice fed
      infective eggs, third-stage larvae hatched out and penetrated the mucosa,
      predominantly that of the lower intestine. They travelled via the portal vein to
      the liver, where they remained at least 14 months. They grew in length from 430
      +/- 15 micron, at three days post infection (p.i.), to 600 +/- 50 micron, at six
      to nine weeks p.i., after which time growth ceased. Blood eosinophilia appeared
      at 28 days p.i., and eosinophil levels continued to rise gradually beyond this
      time. In female mice the larvae did not migrate from the liver in response to
      pregnancy or lactation. When infective eggs were inoculated subcutaneously or
      intra-peritoneally, larvae hatched out and ultimately appeared in the liver in
      larger numbers than seen with oral infections.

PMID- 4067251
TI  - The domestic cat as a host for Brugian filariasis in South Kalimantan (Borneo),
      Indonesia.
AB  - Three hundred and twenty-five domestic cats (Felis catus) from six villages of
      the Hulu Sungai Tengah and Banjar Regency of South Kalimantan (Borneo),
      Indonesia, were examined for filarial nematodes. Parasites were found in 66 cats,
      of which 61 (92.4%) had Brugia pahangi, four (6.1%) has B. malayi and one (1.5%)
      had Dirofilaria repens. Infection rates ranged from 11% to 22% in cats from
      secondary forest/rice-field habitats, from 15% to 30% in open village/rice-field
      habitats, to 50% in an open coastal village. In all cases the infection rate of
      B. malayi in man was greater than in cats from the same collecting area. The
      number of B. pahangi microfilariae per 20 microliter cat blood ranged from 34 at
      1000 hours to 571 at 2200 hours. The results of this study suggest that in this
      region of Indonesia the domestic cat is not an important host for maintaining B.
      malayi.

PMID- 4067252
TI  - Selectively reduced biliary excretion of cholyldiglycylhistamine but not of
      cholyltetraglycylhistamine in ethinyl estradiol-treated rats. A possible
      indicator of increased bile canalicular permeability.
AB  - A series of bile acid derivatives were synthesized, purified and radiolabelled.
      These were [125I]cholylglycylhistamine [( 125I]CGH), [125I]
      cholyldiglycylhistamine [( 125I]CG2H), [125I]cholyltriglycylhistamine [(
      125I]CG3H), and [125I]cholyltetraglycylhistamine [( 125I]CG4H). These derivatives
      were rapidly excreted unchanged into the bile of bile-fistula rats. In normal
      rats the 30-min cumulative excretion following intravenous administration was
      only 39.0 +/- 0.7% for [125I]CGH but greater than 80% for the three larger
      compounds. This marked difference in biliary recovery between CGH and the other
      larger compounds could be due to a threshold biliary permeability, and we
      postulated that the critical molecular weight threshold for effective biliary
      retention of such compounds falls between [125I]CGH (MW 683) and [125I]CG2H (MW
      740). Increased permeability, involving a shift to a higher molecular weight
      threshold would then be anticipated to diminish biliary excretion of [125I]CG2H
      (MW 740) before exerting a major influence on the biliary excretion of [125I]CG4H
      (MW 854). We previously reported functional and morphological studies which
      suggest that ethinyl estradiol (EE) may alter the permeability of bile
      canalicular tight junctions. In this study we have looked for further evidence of
      a progressive permeability change in EE-induced cholestasis by observing the
      biliary excretion of CG2H and CG4H in rats. Treatment with EE (5 mg/kg/day) for 3
      days (EE3) or with the injection vehicle propylene glycol for 7 days (C7) reduced
      biliary excretion to a significant extent when compared to 3-day controls (C3)
      but had no differential effect on the 30-min recoveries from bile of CG2H and
      CG4H, respectively: C3 (81.2 +/- 1.8% and 81.7 +/- 2.1%, P = CN): C7 (72.3 +/-
      3.0% and 73.5 +/- 3.6%, P = NS): EE3 61.8 +/- 2.5% and 61.9 +/- 2.7%, P = NS).
      However, treatment with EE for 7 days significantly reduced the biliary recovery
      of CG2H (46.8 +/- 9%) compared to EE3 rats (P less than 0.0025) but there was no
      significant change of biliary CG4H recovery (61.0 +/- 2.5%, P = NS) compared with
      EE3 rats. These results are compatible with our hypothesis that EE-induced
      cholestasis is associated with a change of biliary permeability which, as it
      progresses, affects successively larger molecules.

PMID- 4067253
TI  - Biliary permeability during ethinyl estradiol-induced cholestasis studied by
      segmented retrograde intrabiliary injections in rats.
AB  - The influence of ethinyl estradiol (EE) treatment on the permeability of the
      biliary tree in rats has been assessed by the segmented retrograde intrabiliary
      injection (SRII) technique. Three pairs of compounds were studied, inert
      [14C]sucrose and [3H]inulin; [14C]taurocholic acid (TC) and [14C]glycocholic acid
      (GC) and the non-ionic bile acid derivatives [125I]cholyldiglycylhistamine (CG2H)
      and [131I]cholyltetraglycylhistamine (CG4H). In control rats recovery in bile
      after SRII was always greater for the larger of any pair of compounds, confirming
      that the biliary tree acts as a filter, and that decreased recovery from bile
      during this technique is an index of greater biliary permeability. After EE
      treatment recovery of all compounds was significantly reduced, thus confirming
      that EE increases biliary permeability. Recovery of sucrose and inulin fell from
      55-65% of the administered dose in controls to 8-9% in EE rats. Recoveries of TC,
      GC, CG2H and CG4H was also reduced, but their biliary recovery profiles were
      consistent with marked re-excretion into bile of that portion which had initially
      passed out of the biliary system by filtration. During the later phase of the
      experiment excretion of the negatively charged bile acids TC and GC was greater
      than that of the non-ionic bile acid derivatives CG2H and CG4H. Although the site
      at which these permeability changes have occurred is unknown, our results are
      compatible with previous data implicating increased tight junction permeability
      as a mechanism of EE-induced cholestasis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4067254
TI  - Familiar clustering and spreading of hepatitis delta virus infection.
AB  - The prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection was significantly higher
      among the relatives of 79 carriers of HBsAg with antibody to HDV (index cases)
      than among relatives of 111 carriers without serological evidence of HDV
      infection (controls). Antibody to HDV was found in 45 of the 80 (56%) carriers of
      HBsAg in families of index cases but only in 2 of 59 (3%) carriers in families of
      controls (P less than 0.0001). During follow-up new HDV infection developed in
      31% of 13 susceptible carriers in families of index cases, but only in 1.2% of
      162 susceptible carriers in families of controls (P less than 0.001). None of the
      family members previously unexposed to the hepatitis B virus had HDV markers in
      serum or developed this infection during the follow-up. Familial clustering shows
      that HDV is transmitted by personal contacts, presumably through the inapparent
      permucosal or percutaneous passage of virus during close or intimate contact. The
      family model indicates that endemic HDV is maintained and spread through the
      network of carriers in the community, and that HBsAg carriers in contact with
      HBsAg/HDV carriers are at high risk of contracting HDV.

PMID- 4067255
TI  - Acute exacerbation in hepatitis B e antigen positive chronic type B hepatitis. A
      clinicopathological study.
AB  - During a 6-year (mean 24.5 months) follow-up study of 237 HBeAg-positive patients
      with biopsy-verified chronic type B hepatitis, 199 episodes of acute exacerbation
      (SGPT greater than 300 IU/l) were observed in 148 patients. The clinical and
      laboratory findings of these acute exacerbations were less severe than classic
      acute viral hepatitis (P less than 0.001) but with remarkable overlapping. The
      main histological changes of acute exacerbations were those of lobular hepatitis,
      even with bridging hepatic necrosis which predicted subsequent HBeAg clearance.
      Anti-HBc IgM was positive in 14.4% of the exacerbations. All of these findings
      made acute exacerbation of chronic type B hepatitis indistinguishable from acute
      viral hepatitis aside from chronic clinical history. Hepatitis A virus, delta
      agent and possibly non-A, non-B virus(es) were responsible for some of the
      episodes of clinical exacerbations.

PMID- 4067256
TI  - The maximal biliary excretory rate (Tm) of ioglycamide in the rat. Effect of
      taurocholate.
AB  - Biliary excretion of ioglycamide was studied in Wistar and Gunn rats. A hepatic
      transport-maximum (Tm) was observed. Higher Tm-values were found in Gunn rats,
      which have a greater bile flow compared to the parent Wistar rats, in spite of
      having a similar bile acid output. This suggests that the Tm is related to the
      bile acid-independent bile flow. In bile acid-depleted Wistar rats, bile acid
      output was 30% of control values whereas bile flow and ioglycamide-Tm had only
      decreased by approximately 15%. Ioglycamide excretion could not be increased by
      taurocholate infusion. An additional 22.0 ml of bile was excreted per mmol of
      biliary ioglycamide. Loads of the contrast agent markedly exceeding the Tm
      resulted in a decrease of its own biliary excretion and its choleretic
      properties. These presumed 'toxic' effects were counteracted by near
      physiological amounts of taurocholate. Thus, the effect of taurocholate varies
      greatly depending upon the amounts of the contrast agent and the taurocholate
      administered.

PMID- 4067257
TI  - Intrinsic hepatic clearance and Child-Turcotte classification for assessment of
      liver function in cirrhosis.
AB  - Child-Turcotte classification (CTC) is an empirical but widely accepted approach
      for assessment of severity of cirrhosis. However, it is not known to what extent
      CTC reflects accurately the degree of impairment of hepatic function. In this
      study we compared CTC, standard liver tests and intrinsic hepatic clearance (IHC)
      of indocyanine green as means of assessing hepatic function in 63 cirrhotic
      patients. As compared to 10 control patients, IHC was significantly decreased in
      the cirrhotic group: (mean +/- SD) 0.270 +/- 0.141 l/min vs 1.227 +/- 0.312 l/min
      (P less than 0.001). Serum bilirubin (SB), prothrombin time (PT) and serum
      albumin were significantly correlated with the degree of IHC impairment while
      alkaline phosphatase, ALAT and clinical criteria of CTC were not. Multivariate
      analysis showed that SB and PT were the only 2 variables that significantly
      explained the impairment of IHC. The model which best explained IHC impairment
      was Z = 21.77 + 4.78 PT - 1.25 SB. The rate of IHC variance explained by this
      model, as determined by multiple correlation coefficient square (R2), was 42.6%.
      These results suggest that CTC provides only gross information about the degree
      of impairment of liver function in cirrhosis. To evaluate the role of liver
      function in the prognosis or in the response to treatments, it should therefore
      be preferable to employ direct measurement of liver function using a clearance
      technique.

PMID- 4067258
TI  - Iron overload of the liver in the baboon. An ultrastructural study.
AB  - Liver biopsies from 4 baboons taken during 15 months of iron-polymaltose
      injections, were compared with specimens from 2 controls. A morphometric method
      was used to assess ferritin concentration in various cells. Initially, ferritin
      and siderosomes were conspicuous in reticuloendothelial cells but rare in
      hepatocytes. Unusual findings included intranuclear ferritin and coalesced
      ferritin within bile canaliculi. With advancing overload, ferritin and
      hemosiderin increased not only in sinusoidal cells, but also in hepatocytes, with
      concomitant elevation of transaminases. The hepatocytes now showed evidence of
      damage and excessive collagen was present mainly around portal spaces. A year
      after cessation of iron injections, hepatocyte ultrastructure was near normal
      while sinusoidal cells were still heavily overloaded. The baboon appeared to be a
      useful model for the study of iron overload. Although in this study most of the
      damage was reversible, it is suspected that more prolonged overload, a different
      route of administration or other, more toxic iron compounds, may lead to
      cirrhosis similar to that of the iron-loading anemias.

PMID- 4067259
TI  - Effect of acute administration of bile acids on fatty acid composition of biliary
      phosphatidylcholine in man.
AB  - Little is known on variations in fatty acid composition of biliary
      phosphatidylcholine (PC) during acute administration of particular bile acids
      (BAs) in man. Bile was collected hourly for 5 h in 6 T-tube patients
      (prereplacement period). Thereafter particular BAs were infused into the duodenum
      at a rate of 1 g/h for 5 h and bile collected hourly (replacement period). Each
      patient received two BAs at an interval of 3 days, following a cross-over design.
      Three patients received deoxycholic acid (DCA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)
      and a second 3 patients cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). Bile
      acid pool contained mainly the two primary BAs in the prereplacement period and
      more than 80% administered BAs in the replacement period. Hydrophobic and
      detergent BAs (DCA and CDCA) increased the secretion rates and the percentage of
      biliary PC species with arachidonic acid and stearic acid; in contrast less
      detergent BAs (UDCA and CA) did not significantly alter fatty acid composition of
      biliary PC. Thus, very hydrophobic and detergent BAs would seem to promote the
      preferential secretion into the bile of lecithin species present in the liver
      cell plasma membranes, rich in arachidonic and stearic acid.

PMID- 4067260
TI  - The child with a single seizure.

PMID- 4067261
TI  - Neonatal intensive care: a progress report.

PMID- 4067262
TI  - Advances in non-pharmacologic treatment of hypertension: a new approach to the
      problem of effective dietary sodium restriction. 1. Sodium in the diet: patient
      compliance.

PMID- 4067263
TI  - The feelings of a patient. A cancer patient's view of the doctor-patient
      relationship.

PMID- 4067264
TI  - Indiana's Emergency Medical Services. An open letter to physicians interested in
      improving pre-hospital (ambulance) patient care.

PMID- 4067266
TI  - Weaning from mechanical ventilation. Critical care medicine.

PMID- 4067265
TI  - Neonatal resuscitation: review and update.

PMID- 4067267
TI  - Use of thoracoscopy in the management of empyema thoracis.

PMID- 4067268
TI  - Hypothyroidism induced amenorrhea-galactorrhea.

PMID- 4067269
TI  - The full nest syndrome: a new cultural entity.

PMID- 4067270
TI  - Ethics and medicine. 3. Do not resuscitate: an outpatient decision?

PMID- 4067271
TI  - Healthy, happy and wise. ISMA's public education TV series for senior citizens.

PMID- 4067272
TI  - Study examines economic growth of health sciences and technology in Indiana.

PMID- 4067273
TI  - Brain stem tumors. An analysis of diagnostic studies.

PMID- 4067274
TI  - Development of the heterogeneous distribution of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase
      (ammonia) in rat-liver parenchyma during postnatal development.
AB  - Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (ammonia) is homogeneously distributed in rat
      liver parenchyma at birth, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. A
      heterogeneous distribution can first be demonstrated at 6 days post partum, but
      can be masked by use of a too sensitive detection system. This heterogeneity is
      established by a decrease in enzyme content around the hepatic venules and a
      considerable increase in enzyme content in the remaining parenchyma. The
      perivenous decrease in enzyme content does not occur in all hepatocytes
      synchronously. The adult type of heterogeneity is characterized by a perivenous
      layer, only two to three cells thick, in which carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase can
      no longer be detected, irrespective of the sensitivity of the assay used. This
      situation is fully established at the age of two months.

PMID- 4067275
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of a novel pituitary protein (7B2) within the rat
      brain and hypophysis.
AB  - A novel pituitary protein called 7B2 was localized in rat pituitary and brain by
      immunocytochemistry (unlabeled antibody technique). Immunoreactive material was
      present in the secretory cells of anterior and intermediate lobes and in neural
      structures of the posterior lobe of the hypophysis. 7B2-immunoreactive neurons
      were evident within the hypothalamus in the supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular
      nucleus (magnocellular and parvocellular parts), and lateral hypothalamus.
      Immunoreactive nerve fibers were seen within the internal and external zone of
      the median eminence. Among extrahypothalamic regions, the substantia nigra,
      dorsal tegmental nucleus, cuneiform nucleus, dorsal parabrachial nucleus, spinal
      tract trigeminal nerve, interior olive, solitary nucleus, and layers I and II of
      the spinal cord contained 7B2-immunoreactive material. This anatomical
      distribution suggests a role for 7B2 in endocrine and autonomic functions.

PMID- 4067276
TI  - Clustered distribution of human placental alkaline phosphatase on the surface of
      both placental and cancer cells. Electron microscopic observations using gold
      labeled antibodies.
AB  - The cell-surface distribution of human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) on
      cultured cancer cells, A431 and HeLa TCRC-1, and on normal syncytial cells of
      placental tissue was examined in immunoelectron transmission microscopy using the
      gold-labeling technique. Chemically fixed cells were reacted with affinity
      purified rabbit polyclonal antibodies to PLAP, and the antibodies were visualized
      using gold particles tagged with goat antirabbit IgG. On all cells PLAP was
      observed in clusters distributed throughout the membrane surface, including
      microvilli, but it was not expressed in desmosomes or along other dense regions
      on the membrane. Previous histochemical and immunochemical techniques failed to
      demonstrate clusters. The results show that (1) the gold-labeling technique
      allows a more precise localization of PLAP on the cell surface than previously
      employed methods, and (2) the distribution of the enzyme is the same on cultured
      cancer cells and on normal placental syncytial cells. The clustered distribution
      of PLAP is thus a general phenomenon and is probably influenced by the
      physiological function of the enzyme, which has yet to be defined.

PMID- 4067277
TI  - Study of human chromosomes. IV. Labeling of chromosomal proteins with the amino
      group specific fluorescent reagent fluorescamine.
AB  - We describe a method for labeling chromosomal proteins with an amino-group
      specific fluorescent reagent, fluorescamine. Chromosomes thus labeled appear
      either as uniformly fluorescent or as haloes in structure depending on the
      proteins remaining after treatment with acid-alcohol fixation. Using
      fluorescamine as a probe, we demonstrate that there is a substantial loss of
      labeled proteins during the chromosomal preparation and also during the trypsin
      treatment used in the banding of chromosomes.

PMID- 4067278
TI  - Enhanced ultrastructural visualization of the horseradish peroxidase
      tetramethylbenzidine reaction product.
AB  - Ultrastructural visualization of the horseradish peroxidase-tetramethylbenzidine
      (HRP-TMB) reaction product within trigeminal ganglion cells and brain stem axons
      and terminals following HRP injections into the pulpal chambers of cat teeth is
      enhanced by utilization of a modified osmication procedure that converts the
      reaction product to a markedly stable and electron-dense form. The results
      following the use of the modified osmication procedure (pH 5.0 phosphate buffer
      at 20 degrees C for 12 hours) are compared to results obtained by following
      Carson's osmication protocol (Carson KA, Mesulam M-M: J Histochem Cytochem
      30:425, 1982; Carson KA, Mesulam M-M: In Tracing Neural Connections with
      Horseradish Peroxidase. Edited by M-M Mesulam. J Wiley, Chichester, England,
      1982, p 153-184) (pH 6.0 phosphate buffer at 45 degrees C for 45 min). The
      results suggest that the conversion of the HRP-TMB reaction product to an
      electron-dense form during osmication is intimately associated with the pH of the
      phosphate buffer and the total time of osmication.

PMID- 4067279
TI  - Distinguishing rat brainstem reticulospinal nuclei by their neuronal morphology.
      II. Pontine and mesencephalic nuclei.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether pontine and mesencephalic
      reticulospinal nuclei like those of the medulla, can be differentiated on the
      basis of neuronal morphology. Accordingly, neurons of the various pontine and
      mesencephalic brainstem reticulospinal nuclei (BRN) of adult albino or hooded
      rats were either backfilled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from spinal
      injections, stained with a Nissl method or impregnated with a Golgi-Kopsch
      variant. The results suggest that at least 13 BRN can be distinguished in the
      pons and mesencephalon of the rat on the basis of neuronal morphology. The
      dendritic arborizations (DA) of neurons in nucleus reticularis (NR)
      pedunculopontinus pars compacta (RPpc), NR pedunculopontinus pars dissipatus
      (RPpd), NR cuneiformis (RCf) and NR subcuneiformis (RScf) are radially
      symmetrical. The DA of neurons in NR pontis caudalis pars beta (RPoCb) and alpha
      (RPoCa), as well as those of NR subcoeruleus (RSc) and the A5 cell group, exhibit
      a pronounced dorsomedial to ventrolateral slant. The dendrites of locus coeruleus
      (LC) neurons slant from dorsolateral to ventromedial. The DA of NR pontis oralis
      pars medialis (RPoOm) neurons course medially, while those of NR pontis oralis
      pars lateralis (RPoOl) course laterally. The DA of Kolliker-Fuse neurons (KF)
      course horizontally. Finally, the DA of the nucleus raphe dorsalis (RaD) are
      either symmetrically multipolar or fusiform. The neurons of RPoCb, RPpc, KF and
      RCf project to the spinal cord with a strong ipsilateral predominance, while
      those of LC, RSc, RPoOm and RPpd project to the spinal cord with a weak
      ipsilateral predominance. The axons of A5, RPoOl and RaD neurons exhibit no
      lateral predominance in their spinal projections. Finally, RPoCa neurons, as well
      as neurons in RScf, project to the spinal cord with a strong contralateral
      predominance. The neurons of RPoCb, RPoCa, RPoOl, RPpd and RScf project to the
      spinal cord via the mlf and sulcomarginal fasciculus. The neurons of RSc, KF,
      RPoOm, RPpc and RCf project to the spinal cord via the lateral funiculus.

PMID- 4067280
TI  - Organization of the nervous tissue (hippocampus and septum) developing in the
      anterior eye chamber. II. Neuronal perikarya and dendritic processes.
AB  - Rat's embryonal tissue of septum and hippocampus was transplanted into anterior
      eye chamber (AEC) of the adult rats. Ultrastructure of septal (SGs) and
      hippocampal (HGs) grafts was analyzed after three-four month of survival in AEC.
      Special attention was directed to deviations of ultrastructure of the grafted
      neurons from standard characteristics. Neuronal perikarya and dendritic processes
      basically had normal structure typical of highly differentiated, mature neurons.
      Organotypic features of neuronal ultrastructure were well preserved by the
      grafted tissue. At the same time certain anomalies were observed: presence of
      multilaminated bodies, vacuolization of some areas in mitochondria, cisternae of
      Golgi apparatus and of endoplasmic reticulum, slight increase of electron opacity
      of cytoplasm in some neurons. Dendrites had irregular contour due to abundance of
      various microprocess with and without postsynaptic specializations. Some
      dendritic spines with abnormal configurations were observed (with long, thin
      stalks, with arrow-shaped heads). The microprocesses and spines were present also
      upon the surface of perikarya. Extensive appositions of plasmalems of adjacent
      neurons with gap junctions were usual. Synaptic vesicles and disaggregation of
      microtubules were observed in some dendrites. The neurons and large dendritic
      processes covered by multilayer myelin-like sheaths were encountered in the
      grafted tissue. Active micropinocytosis and exchange by cytoplasmic fragments
      (phagocytosis) was observed between the neurons as well as between the nervous
      and glial cells. It is suggested that some unusual features of ultrastructure of
      the grafted tissue result of deficit of extrinsic afferentation, while others may
      be regarded as consequences of excessive excitability of the grafted tissue.

PMID- 4067281
TI  - [Brain of the cod (Gadus morhua morhua, Linne 1758) (Pisces, Paracanthopterygii).
      Qualitative and quantitative analysis of major subdivisions].
AB  - The Cod, Gadus morhua, is a North Atlantic fish of the family Gadidae which
      occurs at depths of 80 to 600 m (usually 150 to 200 m). It often occurs in shoals
      and tends to be migratory. It has a typical teleost brain except for the gadid
      feature of long olfactory tracts. Gadid fishes have a low level of
      encephalization (RIDET, 1982). The index of encephalization of the Cod is near
      the mean for the family. This index changes with season due to the change in body
      weight; it is lowest during the spawning season (which takes place in spring).
      Five subspecies of Gadus morhua are recognized. A comparison was made of the
      index of encephalization of the subspecies which is restricted to the White Sea,
      Gadus morhua maris albi, Derjugin 1920 and Gadus m. morhua, Linne 1758. The index
      of the White Sea form was significantly higher, thus supporting its recognition
      as subspecies. A volumetric analysis was made of the subdivisions of the Cod
      brain. It was found to have a large cerebellum, large medulla oblongata and a
      tendency to macrosmy, but a small telencephalon and tectum opticum (tendency to
      micropty). This is what would be expected from the environment and habits of this
      fish.

PMID- 4067282
TI  - The EM autoradiographic distribution of label in tissue blocks of pallidum
      incorporating [3H]-Leu-enkephalin and [3H]-naloxone in vitro.
AB  - The distribution of radioactivity in pallidal tissue blocks incubated in the
      presence of either a tritiated enkephalin analogue or [3H]-naloxone, was examined
      using EM autoradiography. The quantitative evaluation was based on the principle
      of proportional grain counting. The results showed a preferential accumulating of
      silver grains over dendrites in the enkephalin-labelled tissue. Following
      naloxone-labelling, a slight enrichment of grains over axonal elements was found.
      The findings provide ultrastructural support for previous biochemical data which
      suggested that different types of opiate binding sites have different tissue
      localizations.

PMID- 4067283
TI  - A quantitative study of the nucleus rotundus of the carp.
AB  - The present work describes the results of a quantitative study of the Nucleus
      Rotundus of C. carpio aimed at determining the volume of the nucleus as a whole
      and the partial volumes corresponding to the rostral and caudal zones. The
      overall neuronal density of the nucleus and the density of light and dark cells
      which forms the neuronal population of the Nucleus Rotundus were also determined;
      the light cells were the most represented. Most cells were found in the rostral
      portion while the caudal one is mainly composed of large amounts of fibres.

PMID- 4067284
TI  - An autoradiographic study of the cerebellopontine projections from the interposed
      and lateral cerebellar nuclei in the rat.
AB  - The projections from the cerebellar lateral and interposed nuclei onto the
      basilar pontine gray and nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP) have been
      studied in the rat by the use of the autoradiographic technique. Projections from
      both nuclei are mainly contralateral. Fibers from the lateral nucleus cover most
      of the NRTP, except its medial, parvocellular portion. In the pontine gray
      proper, fibers from the lateral nucleus are distributed to three rostrocaudally
      oriented columns: (i) in the medial nucleus, (ii) in the ventral nucleus, and
      (iii) in the dorsolateral and lateral nuclei. The projection is topographically
      arranged, so that caudal parts of the lateral cerebellar nucleus tend to project
      to more rostral regions than rostral parts of the lateral nucleus. The interposed
      nucleus gives rise to a sparser projection, apparently limited to the ventral
      NRTP and immediate peripeduncular zones. The functional implications of these
      results are discussed, with particular emphasis on the convergence of
      corticopontine afferents to the pontine regions involved, and on the reciprocal
      pontocerebellar pathways from these same regions.

PMID- 4067285
TI  - Ultrastructure of the pineal cells of the homing pigeon Columba livia and
      magnetic fields (first trials).
AB  - The homing pigeon Columba livia was exposed to uniform 60 Hz AC magnetic fields,
      generated by Helmholtz coils with an intensity of 200 mG for 48 hrs. The
      microscopic studies performed revealed that only some of the pineal cells
      (between 20 and 30%) seemed to respond to the magnetic stimulation, and showed
      different ultrastructural morphological changes; the most striking effect was an
      apparent increase of apocrine secretion to the luminal spaces in the epiphyseal
      epithelium of this avian species.

PMID- 4067286
TI  - Investigations on the role of flagella in the colonization of infant mice with
      Campylobacter jejuni and attachment of Campylobacter jejuni to human epithelial
      cell lines.
AB  - The biochemical and biological properties of the flagella of Campylobacter jejuni
      have been investigated using two variants selected from a flagellate, motile
      clinical isolate (strain 81116): a flagellate, non-motile variant (SF-1) and an
      aflagellate variant (SF-2). Phenotypic and biochemical analysis of the strains
      and amino acid analysis of the isolated flagella suggest that the variants
      differed from the wild-type strain only in the absence of flagella and/or
      motility. The aflagellate variant poorly colonized the gastrointestinal tract of
      infant mice but the flagellate, non-motile variant colonized the mice as
      successfully as the wild-type strain. 35S-labelled organisms were used to
      investigate the attachment of the variants to human epithelial cell monolayers in
      vitro. The flagellate, non-motile strain attached more efficiently to the cells
      than the wild-type strain or the aflagellate strain. Differences in attachment
      suggest that an adhesin is intimately associated with flagella of C. jejuni and
      that active flagella mediate only a tenuous association with host cells. This
      adhesin attached most efficiently to cells of intestinal epithelial origin and
      was not specifically inhibited by various sugars.

PMID- 4067287
TI  - The incidence and significance of salmonella carriage by gulls (Larus spp.) in
      Scotland.
AB  - Salmonella carriage in 5888 gulls sampled by cloacal lavage was found to be 7.8%.
      Marked geographical and seasonal differences in carriage rates were found. These
      differences appeared to be associated with human population density and seasonal
      differences in the reported incidence of human salmonellosis. The maximum
      duration of salmonella excretion in 17 laboratory-maintained gulls was 4 days and
      the number of salmonellae excreted was never more than 170 per gram of faeces. On
      the basis of this study it is suggested that gulls are not important factors in
      the aetiology of human salmonellosis.

PMID- 4067288
TI  - Binding to and antibacterial effect of aztreonam, temocillin, gentamicin and
      tobramycin on human faeces.
AB  - Aztreonam, temocillin, gentamicin and tobramycin were studied for their effect on
      the human faecal flora in vitro and for their usefulness for selective
      decontamination (SD) of the gastrointestinal tract. The sensitivities of the
      obligately anaerobic flora and the Gram-negative facultatively anaerobic bacteria
      were determined and the ratio was expressed as SD factor. The high SD factor of
      the flora from most subjects for aztreonam and tobramycin indicates that the
      drugs are useful for SD in contrast to temocillin and gentamicin. Binding to and
      subsequent release of tobramycin from faeces are presumed to facilitate the
      maintenance of adequate concentrations in the intestine despite the discontinuous
      intake.

PMID- 4067289
TI  - Biochemical and serological investigations on clinical isolates of klebsiella.
AB  - A series of 925 clinical isolates of klebsiella was examined by serological and
      biochemical typing. To perform serological typing (capsular swelling) 77 capsular
      antisera were prepared, tested against the type strains and grouped in 13 pools.
      With this serotyping method 80% of the cultures were typable and 63 distinct
      types could be recognized. All strains were typable biochemically by means of the
      numerical coding system of the API-20E system supplemented by digits derived from
      15 additional conventional biochemical tests. With the API-20E system 24
      different biotypes could be distinguished whereas the combination of API-20E and
      the 15 additional tests produced 93 biotypes. Maximum discrimination of strains
      was achieved by the combination of serological and biochemical typing (256
      bioserotypes). The reproducibility, typability and discriminating power of the
      biotyping system was not inferior to serotyping. For epidemiological purposes
      biotyping can replace serotyping of Klebsiella species, especially in
      laboratories less well equipped.

PMID- 4067290
TI  - Serious infection in a neonatal intensive care unit: a two-year survey.
AB  - Over a two-year period 160 episodes of serious infection occurred in 139 infants
      admitted to a regional neonatal intensive-care unit. Eighty-seven (26%) of very
      low birth weight (VLBW) neonates and 52 (8%) of infants of birth weight greater
      than 1500 g were infected. The majority (84%) had bacteraemia alone. Though the
      clinical features of infection were not distinctive, in 94% of episodes the
      peripheral white blood cell or band counts were abnormal. Thirty-three (21%) of
      the infections occurred in infants under 48 h old and 15 of these followed
      prolonged rupture of membranes (greater than 48 h). All of the infections due to
      group B streptococci (5), Streptococcus viridans (2) and Haemophilus influenzae
      (3) occurred in this group. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS) accounted for
      49% of the infections and there was a marked increase in incidence of such
      infections during the survey. Infections with CONS were not necessarily
      associated with parenteral nutrition, the presence of intra-arterial catheters or
      mechanical ventilation but the rise in incidence was coincident with change in
      skin disinfectant usage and the general use of a third-generation cephalosporin
      to which the CONS were resistant. Although VLBW infants with meningitis were more
      likely to die than those of higher birthweight, the risk for those with
      bacteriaemia was the same in both groups. Infants with CONS sepsis were less
      likely to die than those with infections due to Gram-negative bacteria and the
      time from onset of infection to death was significantly longer for the former.

PMID- 4067291
TI  - Survival of Kanagawa-positive strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in a brackish
      water area.
AB  - Vibrio parahaemolyticus was observed to overwinter in sediments and to be present
      in considerable numbers in sediments and Clithon retropictus (gastropod mollusc)
      during summer months at a brackish-water area along Hashizu Creek in Japan. The
      highest level of the organisms was 9.3 X 10(6) and 2.3 X 10(7)/100 g in sediments
      and C. retropictus respectively. Production of Kanagawa haemolysin was detected
      in approximately 12% and 20% of strains isolated from sediments and C.
      retropictus respectively at two stations in Hashizu Creek but were not detected
      at the other three stations. Two haemolysin-producing strains were isolated from
      water samples but none were isolated from Corbicula japonica (bivalve mollusc).
      These findings suggest that haemolysin producers are preserved principally in
      sediments and some shellfish in the brackish-water areas with restricted salinity
      conditions.

PMID- 4067292
TI  - A four-year survey of African swine fever in Malawi.
AB  - A serological survey of free-ranging domestic pigs in the Central and Southern
      Regions of Malawi, together with laboratory data on confirmed cases of African
      swine fever (ASF) and data from interviews with pig owners, undertaken over a
      four-year period from 1981-4, has enabled the ASF enzootic area of Malawi to be
      identified. The area covers much of the western part of the Central Region and
      includes Mchinji district and parts of Kasungu, Ntchisi, Dowa and Lilongwe
      districts. Mortality is substantially less than 100% in outbreaks within the
      enzootic area but approaches 100% in outbreaks outside this area, as shown by
      both the serological investigation and the interview data.

PMID- 4067293
TI  - Ventilation conditions and air-borne bacteria and particles in operating
      theatres: proposed safe economies.
AB  - Concentrations of air-borne bacteria and particles have been measured in
      turbulently ventilated operating theatres in full flow, half flow and zero flow
      conditions. Increased air-borne challenge produced by human activity and by
      mechanical cleaning procedures is demonstrated: die-away of this contamination is
      shown to be related to the ventilation rate. Ventilation can be reduced or turned
      off at night and during weekends, and cleaning can also be carried out, without
      increased risk of infection if full flow is restored one hour prior to
      preparation for surgery. Areas surrounding the theatres should remain at positive
      pressure with regard to the general hospital environment during low or no flow
      periods. The implementation of such energy-saving policies will substantially
      reduce theatre running costs without introducing infection hazards.

PMID- 4067294
TI  - An evaluation of commercially available dehydrated Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium
      for the isolation of salmonellae from poultry.
AB  - A total of 745 samples of chicken giblets was cultured to determine the relative
      efficiency of a commercially available Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium (RV-Oxoid).
      Experiments to determine the optimum inoculation ratio showed that 1:100 was
      superior to the other ratios tested. Comparison of RV-Oxoid with standard RV and
      RV-medium prepared using soya peptone (RV-soya) showed that after 24 h RV-soya
      was significantly better than RV-Oxoid (P less than 0.05), although there was no
      significant difference between standard RV and RV-Oxoid. Furthermore, when the
      duration of incubation was extended to 48 h there was no significant difference
      between the three media (P greater than 0.25). We conclude that RV-Oxoid is a
      satisfactory product for the isolation of salmonellae from poultry, providing
      that it is inoculated at a ratio of 1:100 and is incubated for 48 h. Its use can
      therefore be recommended to laboratories who wish to use a dehydrated medium.

PMID- 4067295
TI  - The relationship between faecal endotoxin and faecal microflora of the C57BL
      mouse.
AB  - We studied the effect of oral selective antibiotic decontamination (SD) on the
      faecal endotoxin content and microflora in individual C57BL mice. Suppression of
      the coliform count was associated with an initial rise in faecal endotoxin
      concentration from 0.1 to 3.1 mg/g wet faeces during the first week of SD, which
      fell to 0.04 mg/g during the second week of treatment. Cessation of SD resulted
      in an immediate sharp increase in coliform count followed by its decline and
      gradual recovery to pre-treatment counts. Faecal endotoxin levels followed a
      parallel course. SD did not effect significantly the counts of lactobacilli,
      bacteroides and enterococci. It appears that the coliform population is
      responsible for the overall level of faecal endotoxin, and that during the
      initial period of SD endotoxin levels are elevated, an effect which may be
      mediated by antibiotic-enhanced release of endotoxin.

PMID- 4067296
TI  - The coypu as a rodent reservoir of leptospira infection in Great Britain.
AB  - The coypu (Myocastor coypus Molina) is an aquatic rodent that has become a
      widespread pest in the south-east of England. Since the natural habitat of this
      animal is aquatic, the possibility of infection with leptospires was
      investigated. Twenty-nine coypu were trapped and examined by serological,
      histological and cultural methods. Of these, there was serological evidence of
      infection in seven coypus and Leptospira interrogans var. Wolffii was isolated
      from a further animal. This appears to be the first report of the isolation of
      leptospira from a coypu in Great Britain.

PMID- 4067297
TI  - The estimation of age-related rates of infection from case notifications and
      serological data.
AB  - The paper describes a maximum-likelihood method for the estimation of age-related
      changes in the per capita rate of infection, from case notification records or
      serological data. The methods are applied to records of measles incidence in the
      UK and USA, for which the estimated rates of infection tend to rise to a maximum
      value at around 10 years of age and then to decline in the older age-classes.
      Longer-term and seasonal trends are analysed by reference to changes in the
      estimated average age at infection; a statistic derived from a knowledge of the
      age-specific rates of infection. Future data needs in the epidemiological study
      of directly transmitted viral and bacterial diseases are discussed with reference
      to the detection and interpretation of age-dependent rates of disease
      transmission.

PMID- 4067298
TI  - Antibody status to influenza A/Singapore/1/57(H2N2) in Finland during a period of
      outbreaks caused by H3N2 and H1N1 subtype viruses.
AB  - The incidence of haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody (titre greater than
      or equal to 12) to influenza A/Singapore/1/57(H2N2) in sera collected from a
      Finnish population in the summer of 1981 was 58%. Subjects born after 1968 were
      essentially seronegative, and a comparable low HI antibody status was also
      recorded among the elderly, the lowest being in people born during the period
      1901-10. A small increase in antibody titre to the H2N2 virus was observed in the
      different age groups after infections with the H3N2, but not the H1N1, subtype
      influenza A viruses. The heterotypic response, which could be due to HI or NA
      antibodies, was restricted almost exclusively to subjects already exhibiting this
      antibody in acute phase sera. Moreover, the anamnestic boosting was not as strong
      as that described in earlier studies from samples collected at the beginning of
      the present era of H3N2 viruses. At population level, the HI antibody status to
      H2N2 was about the same at the beginning and end of the follow-up period which
      covered eight epidemic seasons. The results are discussed with respect to the
      doctrine of 'original antigenic sin' and to the threat of re-emergence of the
      H2N2 viruses.

PMID- 4067299
TI  - Acute diarrhoeal disease in children under 7 years of age in a peri-urban slum of
      Santiago, Chile.
AB  - A group of 168 families who lived in a peri-urban slum in Santiago were surveyed
      for 9 months. All of them had a child under 7 years of age. Medical activities
      and data collection were carried out at a Field Station and by means of twice
      weekly visits to each home, at which time cases of diarrhoea were recorded and
      investigated. Faecal samples for bacteriological, parasitological and rotavirus
      studies were obtained during each episode. The characteristics of clinical
      course, hygienic practices in the family, and monthly anthropometric measurements
      of infants and toddlers were also recorded. The mean monthly incidence of
      diarrhoea was 7.1 episodes per 100 children. Of the episodes, 44.2% were
      associated with pathogenic bacteria, 14.4% with rotavirus, 38.4% with parasites
      and in 27.9% no enteropathogens were identified. It was found that adequate
      hygienic habits were not associated with a decreased risk of developing diarrhoea
      and that about 60% of children did not have diarrhoea throughout the study
      period. The nutritional status was adequate in most cases: weight-for-age was
      below the 5th percentile in 11.5% of subjects and the height-for-age was normal
      in all. No moderate or severe cases of malnutrition were detected.

PMID- 4067300
TI  - An epidemic of acute diarrhoea in rural southern India associated with echovirus
      type 11 infection.
AB  - An epidemic of diarrhoea with two distinct waves affected a village of 1375
      people in southern India in 1983. The first wave of the epidemic, from the last
      week of December 1982, had a sharp peak in January 1983 and was over by March.
      Echovirus type 11 was isolated from patients, who also had a serum antibody
      response to the virus. During the second wave of the epidemic, from May to
      September 1983, the clinical features were different and Shigella flexneri was
      isolated without significant viral isolates. Infection during the first wave did
      not protect from the second wave. Virus isolation was in human intestinal tumour
      derived differentiated epithelial cell lines; such cell lines may be useful for
      the isolation and identification of enteroviruses in clinical samples.

PMID- 4067301
TI  - Type A influenza (H2N2) viruses isolated in Leningrad in 1980.
AB  - In April-May 1980, two independent outbreaks of influenza-like illness occurred
      in Leningrad among children's-home children aged from 3 months to 2 years (of 68
      children under observation, 50 became ill) and among boarding-school pupils aged
      15-17 years (of 50 pupils under observation, 13 became ill). A total of five
      influenza A virus strains were derived from one clinically healthy and three
      affected children of the children's home. Similar viruses were obtained from one
      affected boarding-school pupil and from an infected woman aged 24 years (a
      sporadic case within a household). On the basis of laboratory findings, all these
      seven strains were identified as influenza A H2N2 subtype strains. Six of the
      affected children showed significant seroconversion only to H2 haemagglutinin
      from February to May 1980. Type A influenza H2N2 virus was isolated from three
      persons, including the sporadic case, who also showed significant seroconversion
      to H2 haemagglutinin. H2N2 influenza A virus was isolated on two occasions, at a
      7-day interval, from the girl N. Ju. Laboratory findings obtained from the study
      of the viruses isolated using up-to-date immunological and molecular-biochemical
      techniques enable us to conclude the following. The A/Leningrad/80 isolates
      belong to H2N2 sero-subtype. The viruses isolated are similar but not identical
      to the A/Singapore/I/57 reference strain in details of polypeptide and gene
      composition.

PMID- 4067303
TI  - Influence of dietary sodium on blood pressure in baroreceptor-denervated rats.
AB  - One possible explanation for the salt sensitivity of blood pressure (BP) in
      certain hypertensive individuals is that neural mechanisms which normally
      counteract the pressor effect of a high dietary sodium intake are defective. We
      have tested this possibility in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) by
      surgically ablating the arterial baroreflex mechanism. This manoeuvre, by itself,
      conferred substantial salt-sensitivity on the WKY rats whose BP is normally
      relatively insensitive to dietary sodium intake. The treated rats responded to a
      high sodium diet with a significant rise in systolic BP which was reversed by
      substituting a low sodium diet. Thus, impaired baroreflex function which has been
      observed in essential hypertension and in hypertensive animals, may be
      responsible for the hypertensive effect of sodium.

PMID- 4067302
TI  - Pen and field trials of flupropadine against the house mouse (Mus musculus L.).
AB  - Laboratory and field trials were conducted to determine the efficacy of the
      candidate rodenticide flupropadine against the house mouse (Mus musculus L.). In
      laboratory feeding tests, family groups of wild mice maintained in pens and
      conditioned to feeding on plain foods were offered flupropadine at either 0.10%,
      0.15%, 0.18% or 0.20% in pinhead oatmeal bait. Overall mortalities in replicated
      21-day treatments were 66/71 (93.0%), 71/79 (89.9%), 72/76 (94.7%) and 69/75
      (92.0%) respectively. In 17 field trials carried out against mice infesting farm
      buildings, flupropadine was used at 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.18% in oatmeal bait. Mean
      treatment success, estimated from live-capture and mortality data, was 88.6%,
      96.2% and 96.6% respectively. Flupropadine was found to be as near effective
      against mice as calciferol/warfarin and the second-generation anticoagulant
      rodenticides difenacoum, bromadiolone and brodifacoum. In further comparison with
      the anticoagulants, treatment with flupropadine bait achieved markedly quicker
      control.

PMID- 4067304
TI  - Acute and chronic effects of the loop diuretic, piretanide, on baroreflex set
      point and sensitivity in hypertensive man.
AB  - Intra-arterial blood pressure (IABP), baroreflex sensitivity and set point were
      measured in nine patients with essential hypertension during a control period and
      then after acute (4 h after a 12 mg oral dose) and chronic (after 3 months)
      treatment with the loop diuretic piretanide, mean dose 10 mg. Acutely, there was
      a fall in mean systolic IABP (P less than 0.05) associated with a reduction in
      pulse interval (P less than 0.01). Chronically, mean systolic IABP remained
      significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) but pulse interval returned to control
      values. There were no significant changes in baroreflex sensitivity, either
      acutely or chronically. These results demonstrate acute deactivation of the vagal
      efferent limb of the baroreflex followed by a chronic resetting of the baroreflex
      heart rate mechanism. We conclude that changes in baroreflex sensitivity are not
      responsible for the hypotensive effects of this drug and that resetting of the
      reflex arc is likely to be due to physiological adaptation rather than to any
      direct drug effect.

PMID- 4067305
TI  - Hypotensive efficacy of a mixed solution of 0.1% sodium nitroprusside and 1%
      sodium thiosulphate.
AB  - A mixed solution of 0.1% sodium nitroprusside and 1% sodium thiosulphate ('SNP
      thiosulphate') was given as i.v. infusion to 80 patients, 30 of whom were
      hypertensive emergencies and 50 were surgical cases requiring induction of
      hypotension. This treatment lowered the blood pressure (BP) by an average of 30%
      of the initial levels in the hypertensive patients and 30-40% of the initial
      levels in the surgical patients. The mean effective dose in the hypertensive
      patients was 2.4 micrograms/kg/min compared with about 3 micrograms/kg/min in 40
      cases treated with sodium nitroprusside as mono-infusion. For deliberate
      hypotension in surgical patients the mean doses of SNP, used here in the mixed
      infusion with thiosulphate, were 1.0 and 2.3 micrograms/kg/min, compared with 1.3
      7.5 micrograms/kg/min in 181 patients treated with SNP as monotherapy. In
      contrast to conventional therapy with SNP, the infusion of SNP-thiosulphate even
      at extremely high dose rates did not produce toxic concentrations of prussic acid
      in the blood. In no case was a rise observed in the cellular enzymes as an
      indirect indication of hypoxic cell damage. SNP-thiosulphate is thus at least as
      effective at lowering BP as SNP infused alone, and has a substantially lower
      toxicity risk.

PMID- 4067306
TI  - Contributions of arginine vasopressin and the sympathetic nervous system to
      fulminating hypertension after destruction of neurons of caudal ventrolateral
      medulla in the rat.
AB  - We sought to determine the role in control of arterial pressure (AP) of the
      caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVL), a region containing noradrenergic neurons of
      the A1 group. Electrical stimulation of the A1 area in anaesthetized rats elicits
      a fall of AP and heart rate at low, but not high, stimulus frequencies.
      Electrolytic lesions of the A1 area produce fulminating hypertension and a 13
      fold increase in plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP). A1-hypertension is attenuated
      by treatment with an AVP antagonist and is also diminished in rats of the
      Brattleboro strain. After AVP blockade, the residual hypertension is abolished by
      treatment with ganglionic or alpha adrenergic blockers, but not by adrenalectomy.
      We conclude that the region of the CVL containing the A1 noradrenergic cells
      tonically inhibits the discharge of sympathetic nerve activity as well as the
      release of AVP from the pituitary.

PMID- 4067307
TI  - Effects of acute volume loading on kidney function in patients with essential
      hypertension, as estimated by the lithium clearance method.
AB  - This study investigated the mechanism underlying the exaggerated natriuresis seen
      in patients with essential hypertension. The study used the lithium clearance
      method, which permits accurate determination of both proximal and distal sodium
      reabsorption in man. One litre of isotonic sodium chloride, intravenously (i.v.),
      produced a significant increase in sodium excretion in patients with essential
      hypertension, both during and after the infusion. This increase in sodium
      excretion was accompanied by a significant increase in the clearance of lithium,
      indicating an increased output of isotonic fluid from the proximal tubules. The
      calculated distal reabsorption of sodium increased during the natriuresis. In the
      normotensive controls, sodium excretion increased only after the infusion of 1 l
      isotonic saline. This was accompanied by a modest increase in absolute distal
      sodium reabsorption. However, when the amount of saline was increased to 2 l,
      similar changes to those seen in hypertensives given 1 l of saline occurred in
      normotensive subjects. Furthermore, chronic antihypertensive treatment abolished
      the phenomenon of exaggerated natriuresis. It is concluded that the exaggerated
      natriuresis represents the normal response to sodium loading being reset to a
      lower level. This resetting may be a secondary consequence of the high blood
      pressure, since lowering the pressure abolishes the phenomenon.

PMID- 4067308
TI  - The effect of hemopoietic microenvironment on splenic suppressor macrophages in
      congenitally anemic mice of genotype Sl/Sld.
AB  - Mechanisms underlying mononuclear phagocyte specialization are being probed by
      studying suppressor macrophages (M phi) as a reference population in mouse models
      with impaired blood monocyte formation. Splenic suppressor M phi, defined by PGE
      mediated inhibition of Con A-induced T lymphocyte proliferation are induced by
      the i.p. administration of Corynebacterium parvum (CP). Mice severely depleted of
      bone marrow and blood monocytes by treatment with 89Sr fail to show this
      suppressor M phi response to CP, although M phi-forming stem cells, assessed as
      splenic M-CFC in vitro, are increased 20-fold. These observations suggest that
      radiosensitive bone marrow stem cells are necessary for the generation of both
      suppressor M phi and monocytes and that one such stem cell may be common to both
      types of mononuclear phagocytes. This notion was explored further by employing
      congenitally anemic mice of the genotype S1/S1d in which the hemopoietic
      microenvironment is genetically defective and thus unable to support the
      proliferation, differentiation, and function of stem cells. The congenital defect
      was found to be additionally expressed in the S1/S1d mouse by a monocytopenia of
      less than 10% of the values in normal congenic littermate controls and by the
      failure of splenic M-CFC to increase in response to CP. PGE-producing suppressor
      M phi expressing Fc gamma 2b receptors, however, were induced by CP in S1/S1d
      mice with no significant diminution of suppressor activity. These data establish
      the fact that significant impairment of the formation of monocytes is part of the
      overall hemopoietic defect in S1/S1d mice. PGE-producing suppressor M phi,
      however, were inducible at normal functional levels in the presence of a profound
      monocytopenia, and therefore appear to be independent of the mechanisms that
      regulate blood monocyte formation. Ablation of the bone marrow with 89Sr resulted
      in failure of CP to induce suppressor M phi in the spleens of the S1/S1d mice as
      in the littermate controls. Other observations in the present study, when taken
      with data from the 89Sr model, show the additional independence of these
      suppressor M phi from splenic M-CFC. In aggregate, these findings delineate three
      functionally definable populations of mononuclear phagocytes that appear to be
      independently regulated.

PMID- 4067309
TI  - Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-induced experimental
      glomerulonephritis: evidence for dose-dependent, direct antibody and complement
      induced, cell-independent injury.
AB  - The immunopathogenesis of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-induced
      glomerulonephritis (anti-GBM-GN) involves the triad of antibody fixation to the
      glomerular basement membrane, local complement activation and polymorphonuclear
      leucocyte (PMN) infiltration. We sought to investigate the potential for
      contributions to renal injury from each component of this triad (i.e., antibody,
      complement, and PMN). This study compares the ability of antibody to induce
      injury in normal, PMN-depleted and dual (i.e., PMN + complement)-depleted rabbits
      by assessing the quantity of kidney-fixed antibody (KFA) necessary to induce
      proteinuria. (The KFA levels are expressed in micrograms of antibody bound per
      gram renal cortex.) Normal animals developed significant proteinuria at KFA 60 +/
      6 micrograms/g. PMN-depleted animals were injury free at KFA 60 +/- 6
      micrograms/g, but developed heavy proteinuria at KFA 140 +/- 5 micrograms/g. The
      protection from injury by PMN depletion at lower KFA levels confirms the
      important contribution of PMN to injury in this model. Furthermore, the
      demonstration of a clearcut threshold for injury despite PMN-depletion indicates
      that glomerular antibody deposition and complement activation can cause direct
      PMN-independent injury. Dual depletion studies showed a significantly higher KFA
      threshold for injury in PMN + complement-depleted animals than in PMN-depleted,
      complement intact animals (195 +/- 10 micrograms/g, cf. 140 +/- 5 micrograms/g; p
      less than 0.01). The occurrence of injury despite dual mediator depletion
      demonstrates that antibody itself can produce direct, complement and PMN
      independent renal injury. Together the PMN depletion and dual depletion studies
      indicate that antibody-induced glomerular complement activation produces direct,
      PMN-independent renal injury that can be prevented by complement depletion. Thus
      each of the potential mediators studied is individually capable of producing
      renal injury in anti-GBM-GN. In addition to the well established injurious role
      of PMN, this study demonstrates that glomerular complement activation and anti
      GBM antibody deposition may both produce neutrophil-independent components of
      renal injury. The relative contributions of the individual mediators to injury is
      dependent on the quantity of antibody deposited within the glomerulus.

PMID- 4067310
TI  - Importance of the COOH terminal of angiotensin in antigenicity and in the
      formation of an antigen-containing complex with cellular membrane structures.
AB  - To more carefully determine how a peptide antigen interacts with the antigen
      presenting cell (APC), we have begun an analysis of the fate of APC-associated
      peptide antigens. These studies have shown that a stable cell-bound form of APC
      associated peptide exists, which is a complex of the peptide with surface
      membrane structures (peak A). In the experiments described here, we have begun to
      examine the chemical mechanism of this peak A complex formation. By modifying
      either the carboxyl terminal or amino terminal group of the octapeptide antigen
      angiotensin II we have established that the terminal carboxyl group, but not the
      terminal amino group, was critical for forming the peak A complex with APC
      membrane structures. In addition, blocking the carboxyl but not the amino
      terminal dramatically reduced the antigenicity of the peptide for AII-immune T
      cell in vitro proliferation. These results show that the carboxyl terminal of AII
      is essential for both peak A formation and antigenicity, and suggest that peak A
      is critical for antigen presentation to T cells.

PMID- 4067311
TI  - Evidence for the involvement of the thromboxane synthase pathway in human natural
      cytotoxic cell activity.
AB  - We and other investigators have recently shown that inhibitors of lipoxygenase
      reversibly inhibit natural cytotoxic (NC) or natural killer (NK) cell activity,
      whereas some inhibitors of cyclooxygenase enhance these functions. In addition,
      exogenous LTB4 augments NC and NK activity, whereas PGE2 depresses it. In the
      present studies, we sought to investigate the possible role of the TxA2 synthase
      pathway in NC function. Inhibition of this pathway by OKY-1581 or dazoxiben
      significantly inhibited NC activity against HSV-infected cells as well as NK
      function against K562 target cells. The inhibition was dose dependent,
      reversible, and not due to direct toxicity. NC activity was also significantly
      inhibited by the addition of PGE2 or PGI2 to the 4-hr assay, whereas addition of
      6-keto-PGF1 alpha had no effect. Addition of PGH2, which could be converted to
      TxA2 or other PG, had no significant effect, but concomitant use of OKY-1581
      produced a greater inhibition of NC function than by using OKY-1581 alone.
      U44069, a TxA2 analog, was inhibitory by itself and could not alter the
      inhibition caused by OKY-1581 or dazoxiben. In contrast, the TxA2 receptor
      blocker 13-APA significantly enhanced NC activity and even reversed the
      inhibitory effect of U44069 at equimolar (10(-7)M) concentrations. Taken
      together, these data suggest that most of the inhibitory effect of the TxA2
      synthase inhibitors on NC and NK cell function derives from their ability to
      reorient cyclic endoperoxide metabolism toward more inhibitory compounds. In
      addition, TxA2 itself could exert a negative feedback on NC function through its
      receptor, as evidenced by the use of a TxA2 analog and a TxA2 blocker.

PMID- 4067312
TI  - Cell mediated immunity in American cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis.
AB  - Cellular immune responses were studied in 35 Brazilian patients with either
      active cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), active mucosal leishmaniasis (ML), or healed
      cutaneous leishmaniasis. The mean age and duration of illness in the two groups
      were as follows: 14 CL patients, age 28 +/- 13 yr, disease 5 +/- mo; and 16 ML
      patients, age 34 +/- 15 yr, disease 86 +/- 117 mo. Patients with CL and ML
      responded well to leishmania antigen in blastogenesis assays. However, the
      response of ML patients was over three times greater than the response of CL
      patients. There was a significant correlation between the magnitude of the
      lymphoproliferative response and the duration of disease activity. There were no
      significant differences between CL and ML patients in terms of the following
      parameters: lymphoproliferative responsiveness to mitogens (phytohemagglutinin,
      concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen) and peripheral blood lymphocyte
      subpopulations (T and B cells, oKT8+ and OKT4+ cells, OKT4:OKT8 ratio).
      Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ML patients also generated interferon
      gamma containing lymphokine in response to stimulation with leishmania antigen.
      This lymphokine was capable of inducing macrophages from ML patients to inhibit
      the intracellular multiplication of leishmania in vitro. These studies have
      determined that the parameters of lymphocyte and macrophage functions evaluated
      in ML and CL patients are comparable, except for an enhanced lymphoproliferative
      response, with leishmania antigen in ML patients. This later finding may be a
      function of the long duration of active disease in this population and unrelated
      to the pathogenesis of their mucosal lesions.

PMID- 4067313
TI  - The association of enhancing antibodies with seroconversion in humans receiving a
      dengue-2 live-virus vaccine.
AB  - A group of human subjects, some with yellow fever (YF) antibodies, volunteered
      for testing of a live-attenuated dengue-2 (DEN-2) vaccine. Serum samples taken
      before DEN-2 vaccination were tested for their ability to enhance infection of
      human monocytes by DEN-2 virus. A significantly greater proportion of enhancing
      antibodies (Eab) were found in YF-immune (YFI) individuals (50%) as compared to
      those with no evidence of flavivirus infection (9.5%). Geometric mean titers of
      neutralizing and hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies to DEN-2 virus in YFI
      subjects with Eab were fourfold to seven-fold higher than in the YFI subjects
      without Eab in prevaccine sera and 10- to 35-fold higher than in non-immune
      volunteers. Additionally, levels of Eab in prevaccine sera were directly related
      to antibody titers found in postvaccine sera. The presence of Eab in the serum of
      a human subject before DEN-2 vaccination was a good predictor of the immune
      response after vaccination, and may in part be responsible for the higher
      seroconversion rate in YF immunes (90%) as compared to nonimmunes (61%) receiving
      this vaccine. This is the first human study to demonstrate that circulating Eab
      in non-DEN-immune persons is associated with an augmented immune response to DEN
      virus infection. This finding supports the hypothesis that cross-reactive
      antibodies against one flavivirus enhance an infection with another closely
      related flavivirus.

PMID- 4067314
TI  - A passive haemagglutination test for the detection of anti-nicotinic
      acetylcholine receptor antibodies.
AB  - A detergent-solubilised membrane protein (the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor)
      was coupled to red blood cells by the chromic chloride method. The bound receptor
      retained both antigenic activity and the ability to bind alpha neurotoxins.
      Coated cells were successfully used in a haemagglutination test to determine
      antibody titre and cross-reactivity of polyclonal and monoclonal anti
      acetylcholine receptor antisera.

PMID- 4067315
TI  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay suitable for the routine estimation of
      specific immunoglobulin G responses to polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide
      vaccine in humans.
AB  - Antibodies to pneumococcal antigens have routinely been measured by
      radioimmunoassay (RIA). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is proposed
      which is simpler and less expensive than RIA. The ELISA was used in a study
      involving a group of splenectomised patients and controls, to estimate the
      immunoglobulin G (IgG) response to 5 serotypic antigens (2, 7F, 9N, 14 and 23F)
      after immunisation with polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. The 5
      serotypic antigens were selected for their low optimum binding concentration and
      because they represented a range of clinical isolation rates in Western Australia
      (frequent, medium and rare). No significant difference could be found between the
      mean-fold increases of the 2 groups using Student's t-test. However, 6 out of 34
      splenectomised patients failed to respond to any of the 5 serotypes, whereas no
      individual in the control group failed to yield a significant response to at
      least one serotype.

PMID- 4067316
TI  - The influence of hapten density on the assay of penicilloylated proteins in
      fluids.
AB  - The use of inhibition radioimmunoassays for the measurement of penicilloylated
      proteins in biological fluids is compromised by the dominant influence of hapten
      density. Precise quantitation, and therefore assessment of antigenicity and
      immunogenicity, cannot be achieved in the absence of knowledge of the number and
      distribution of haptenic groups on the protein carrier. These assays may not,
      therefore, be appropriate for the measurement of potential allergenic residues in
      food products.

PMID- 4067317
TI  - Fluorometric ELISA method for rapid screening of anti-estrogen receptor antibody
      production in hybridoma cultures.
AB  - A micro-fluorometric ELISA which required only 50 microliter of reagent in each
      step is reported here for rapid detection of anti-estrogen receptor (ER) antibody
      production by hybridoma cultures. In this study, several factors which influence
      the sensitivity of ELISA, e.g., incubation time, substrates, microtiter plates,
      concentration of coating antigens, choice and concentration of specific antibody
      and enzyme were evaluated. We observed that micro-fluorometric ELISA using 4
      methylumbelliferyl phosphate-phosphatase system and MicroFluor W plates was the
      most sensitive; it detected readily 1 ng coating antigens or 1 ng antibody during
      a 15 min incubation. This system was used successfully for the detection of anti
      ER antibodies in mouse immune sera, and in spent media from in vitro immunized
      spleen cells or hybridoma cells. This method is simple, sensitive, rapid and
      reliable for ER or anti-ER antibody determination.

PMID- 4067318
TI  - Comparison of immunoblot and immunoprecipitation methods for analyzing cross
      reactive antibodies to filarial antigens.
AB  - Qualitative analysis of antibody responses in helminth infections is essential
      not only for developing better immunodiagnostic antigens but also for
      understanding immune recognition and its relevance to immunopathogenesis and
      protective immunity. In this study 2 qualitative analytic methods
      (immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting) were compared for the ability to define
      the extent of cross-reactivity in the serum antibodies from patients with various
      forms of filariasis (caused by Brugia malayi, Wuchereria bancrofti, Loa loa and
      Tetrapetalonema perstans) or other non filarial helminth infections (ascariasis,
      strongyloidiasis, trichinosis, echinococcosis and schistosomiasis). Our results
      demonstrated that the spectrum of cross-reactive antibodies identified by
      immunoprecipitation was limited because of the selective radiolabeling of
      particular filarial antigens, while immunoblotting was able to detect a much
      wider range of cross-reactive antibodies in both filarial and non-filarial serum
      pools. In addition, this latter procedure was easily adapted for simultaneous
      analysis of different antibody isotopes (e.g., IgE and IgG) to the same antigens
      in individual sera. Immunoblotting thus provides an excellent tool for studying
      the spectrum of antibodies of different isotypes evoked during helminth
      infections and for discriminating between those responses that are species
      specific and those that are cross-reactive.

PMID- 4067319
TI  - Membrane plasmapheresis technique in rats. Confirmation of antibody rebound.
AB  - A simple continuous flow method is described that transfers hollow fiber membrane
      plasmapheresis technology to rats. The technique is applied in an experimental
      approach that confirms the existence of a distinct overshooting antibody rebound
      mechanism after plasma exchange. Anti-SRBC antibody levels exceeded the baseline
      within 48 h and reached their maximum during the first 2 weeks after exchange.

PMID- 4067320
TI  - Simple and complex antibody reactions in radioimmunoassay and the prediction of
      assay characteristics.
AB  - Radioimmunoassays are usually developed empirically since there have been few
      established rules which cover general RIA behaviour. Evidence is presented which
      enables the delineation of 2 types of RIA with distinct group characteristics.
      (1) Simple RIA, conforming to the law of mass-action kinetics, is a result of
      univalent interaction. Examples of simple RIA include hapten assays and those
      using a monoclonal antibody (McAb). (2) Complex RIA occurs when antigen reacts
      multivalently with a polyclonal antiserum (PcAs). The formation of multicomponent
      complexes between a large molecular weight antigen and a PcAs is demonstrated
      using gel exclusion chromatography. These complexes are resistant to dissociation
      and are responsible for higher affinity, greater sensitivity and slower
      equilibration times compared to simple RIA. The assignment of an assay to either
      the simple or complex RIA group is dependent upon either the molecular size of
      the antigen or the use of a McAb. The consequent predictability of RIA behaviour
      enables a more rational approach to optimal assay design than current theory
      allows. It is advocated that the inability of a McAb to form multicomponent
      complexes is a major disincentive to their indiscriminate adoption in RIA.

PMID- 4067321
TI  - Large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies in dialysis tubing.
AB  - A simple procedure for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies has
      been developed. Hybridomas were grown in dialysis tubing containing medium with a
      low concentration of proteins. The dialysis tubing was inserted into a flask with
      medium containing 10% or 30% foetal calf serum. The flask was placed on a roller
      and medium was changed every other day. Monoclonal antibodies were harvested
      after about 10 days in culture. Immunoglobulin concentrations up to 5.4 mg/ml and
      cell yields of 85 X 10(6) cells/ml have been obtained. The low concentration of
      contaminating low molecular weight proteins in the supernatant from cells grown
      in dialysis tubing facilitated purification of the monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 4067322
TI  - Re: A simplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Advantages of pre-coated
      microtiter plates.

PMID- 4067323
TI  - Bacterial infections associated with the son-killer trait in the parasitoid wasp
      Nasonia (= Mormoniella) vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).

PMID- 4067324
TI  - Oncogenes are here to stay.

PMID- 4067325
TI  - Biosynthesis of 3-dehydroretinol (vitamin A2) from all-trans-retinol (vitamin A1)
      in human epidermis.
AB  - Since the origin of 3-dehydroretinol in epidermis is unknown, we have
      investigated the possible conversion of all-trans-retinol to 3-dehydroretinol by
      organ cultured keratome slices (0.3 mm) of human breast skin. [3H]Retinol bound
      to retinol-binding protein (RBP) was incubated for 24 h with the tissue sample,
      which was then extracted and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography.
      Radioactive material that comigrated with authentic 3-dehydroretinol was purified
      to homogeneity. The identity of this material was established by treatment with
      HCl which resulted in a typical formation of the anhydro form of 3
      dehydroretinol. 3-[3H]Dehydroretinol could not be detected in the incubation
      medium and was not found in the skin when the sample was heat-inactivated before
      incubation. The tissue production of 3-[3H]dehydroretinol from [3H]retinol
      continued when the tracer was removed from the medium, attaining a maximum value
      of 25% of the retinol value at 50 h. It is suggested that epidermal 3
      dehydroretinol in vivo originates from serum retinol delivered to the
      keratinocytes by RBP.

PMID- 4067327
TI  - Influence of tetracycline phototoxicity on the growth of cultured human
      fibroblasts.
AB  - The phototoxic effect of 8 different commercial tetracycline derivatives with
      long-wave ultraviolet radiation (UVA) on the growth pattern of normal human skin
      fibroblasts in culture was studied. Chlortetracycline and doxycycline both at a
      concentration of 50 micrograms/ml and 1.9 J/cm2 of UVA resulted in total cell
      death with no recovery during a 14-day observation period.
      Demethylchlortetracycline also showed strong photosensitizing properties with an
      arrested cell division for 7 days followed by a recurrence of cell growth. The
      other tetracyclines tested under identical conditions had only weak or no
      phototoxic influence on cell growth. These experimental data correlate very well
      with clinical reports and comparative phototoxicity trials in humans. This
      experimental method may thus be of value for predicting tetracycline
      phototoxicity in humans.

PMID- 4067326
TI  - Penetration of benzene through human skin.
AB  - Although it is known that benzene may be absorbed from inhaled air, the amount
      that may enter the system by percutaneous absorption is less well established. We
      have measured the penetration of benzene through human abdominal skin in vitro
      from solutions in water, gasoline, hexadecane, and isooctane and found
      permeability constants which averaged 111.0, 1.4, 0.9, and 3.7 X 10(-3) cm X h-1,
      respectively. The stratum corneum/water partition coefficient for benzene has
      been measured and averages 30.0. The partition coefficients for the other
      vehicles are very low and cannot be measured by the method used for water. A new
      method is presented for calculating these coefficients, however, and they are
      0.11, 0.14, 0.17, and 0.19 for gasoline, hexane, isooctane, and hexadecane. The
      flux of benzene through epidermis in vitro from air saturated with benzene at 31
      degrees C averages 1.0 microliter cm-2 X h-1. Solvents may alter the barrier
      characteristics of the stratum corneum. Polar and nonpolar molecules probably
      traverse the stratum corneum via different pathways. By measuring the change in
      the permeability constants for tritiated water (a polar molecule) and for benzene
      (a relatively nonpolar molecule) before and after exposure to different solvents,
      alterations of the polar and nonpolar pathways have been shown to differ. Since
      benzene penetrates normal intact human skin more rapidly than many small organic
      molecules, and is potentially toxic, the skin should be considered a portal of
      entry for benzene. Good hygiene should be maintained and care taken to avoid
      lengthy exposure to solvents containing benzene.

PMID- 4067328
TI  - Characterization of subcutaneous edema by mechanical impedance measurements.
AB  - The mechanical behavior of gels of various water content, normal and edematous
      tissues have been studied. Static deformations and vibrations at low frequencies
      were applied to an area of each of these structures. Softer structures, e.g., gel
      containing a high percentage of water and pitting edema, have lower mechanical
      impedance (MI), while harder structures, e.g., nonpitting edema have higher MI. A
      comparison of the static force measured at bilateral sites on normal subjects
      show lower differences in impedance than do similar comparisons made in subjects
      having unilateral edema. This difference is more pronounced with greater static
      compression. The differences in the MI between different structures are greater
      at the lower frequencies. At the lower frequencies up to around 30 Hz the ratio
      of the magnitude of MI of edematous skin and that of contralateral normal skin
      can indicate the degree of edema. The MI of edematous tissues depends on the type
      of edema and varies with its degree. Thus this study introduces a quantitative
      method for the diagnostic and therapeutic assessment of unilateral subcutaneous
      edema.

PMID- 4067329
TI  - Cell kinetic basis for pathophysiology of psoriasis.
AB  - Studies on the cell proliferation kinetics of psoriatic epidermal cells are
      presented and the results compared to similar studies for normal epidermis. The
      short 36-h duration of the psoriatic cell cycle (Tc) is confirmed with the first
      double-peaked fraction of labeled mitoses (FLM) curve in human subjects. The
      growth fraction of psoriasis using two experimental techniques approximates 100%
      within 36 h, confirming the rapid Tc found by the FLM method. The cell kinetic
      basis for the pathophysiology of psoriasis consists of at least 3 proliferative
      abnormalities in comparison to normal epidermis. By far the largest alteration is
      the shortening of the Tc from 311 to 36 h. There is also a doubling of the
      proliferative cell population in psoriasis from 27,000 to 52,000 cells/mm and an
      increase in the growth fraction from 60% to 100%. As a consequence of these
      abnormalities the psoriatic epidermis produces 35,000 cells/day from a
      proliferative compartment of 52,000 cells/mm2 surface area. This is a 28-fold
      greater production of cells than the 1,246 cells/day produced in normal
      epidermis. The biochemical or control factors leading to these kinetic
      differences continue to remain elusive.

PMID- 4067330
TI  - The response of psoriatic epidermis and microvessels to treatment with topical
      steroids and oral methotrexate.
AB  - In a previous paper we showed that the microvessels in a psoriatic plaque as
      studied by electron microscopy returned to normal before the labeling index of
      the basal cells did during successful therapy with PUVA or the Goeckerman
      treatment. In this paper we studied the same parameters in 4 additional psoriatic
      patients: 2 received oral methotrexate and 2 were treated with a topical steroid
      under plastic wrap occlusion. The labeling index of the basal cells returned to
      normal in 3 and near normal in 1. The histologic features of the psoriatic
      epidermis became normal except for mild to moderate acanthosis, but the capillary
      loops in the dermal papillae retained their venous capillary ultrastructure and
      showed no signs of reversion to a normal arterial capillary configuration. The
      lack of response of the dermal capillaries to the topical steroid and oral
      methotrexate during the initial clinical improvement raises the possibility that
      the clinical relapses in psoriasis which may promptly follow discontinuation of
      topical steroid therapy and oral methotrexate may be related to an inability of
      these drugs to restore the microvasculature to normal in such situations.

PMID- 4067331
TI  - Differences in excretory-secretory products and surface antigens among 19
      isolates of Giardia.
AB  - The excretory-secretory (E-S) products and surface antigens of 19 isolates of
      Giardia were compared by reactivity of E-S products with antisera to homologous
      and heterologous organisms and by acrylamide gel electrophoresis of surface
      labeled Giardia. Isolates could be divided into three broad groups on the basis
      of the previously reported DNA studies and the present studies. Group 1 consisted
      of five isolates with similar or highly cross-reactive E-S. These showed
      identical DNA banding patterns after endonuclease restriction analysis; four of
      five had identical surface antigens, and the remaining isolate showed a similar
      but different major surface antigen. Group 2 consisted of 11 isolates with
      moderate reactivity amongst themselves. DNA patterns showed some bands in common
      with group 1 organisms and themselves, but the surface-antigen molecular weight
      patterns were different. Group 3 consisted of three isolates with reactivity only
      amongst themselves. There were no DNA bands in common with group 1, and the
      molecular weights of the surface antigens were diverse. Surface-antigen
      differences are common among isolates of Giardia lamblia. These differences
      correlated to some degree with the DNA banding patterns observed after
      endonuclease restriction analysis and may result in altered virulence and host
      response.

PMID- 4067332
TI  - Unsuccessful treatment of enteritis due to Isospora belli with spiramycin: a case
      report.

PMID- 4067333
TI  - Successful treatment of severe infection with Fasciola hepatica with
      praziquantel.

PMID- 4067334
TI  - Intestinal anthrax with bacteriological investigations.

PMID- 4067335
TI  - Fungal infections complicating pulmonary sarcoidosis.

PMID- 4067336
TI  - Rabies pathogenesis: fast times at the neuromuscular junction.

PMID- 4067337
TI  - [Evaluation of regurgitant fraction of aortic regurgitation by means of pulsed
      Doppler echocardiography as compared with cine angiography].
AB  - The regurgitant fraction (RF) of aortic regurgitation (AR) was calculated using
      pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PDE), and the results were compared with those
      of aortography. Two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE), PDE and cine angiography
      were performed for 33 patients, including nine in whom aortic regurgitation (AR)
      was ruled out by contrast 2DE and 24 in whom AR was confirmed by aortography
      (AOG). The latter were subdivided into six of Sellers' degree I, seven of degree
      II, eight of degree III and three of degree IV. Sampling was obtained from the
      main pulmonary artery, the left ventricular outflow tract, and the mean
      circulation velocity (f1) was calculated from the power spectrum wave pattern
      obtained from each source. With the following formula, Qp (pulmonary arterial
      blood flow), Qs (left ventricular ejection blood flow) and RF [= (Qs--Qp)/Qs]
      were calculated, and compared with the findings obtained from invasive methods:
      (formula; see text) (L = vascular diameter; theta = angle of incidence; C =
      velocity of sound; fo = oscillating frequency; ET = ejection time; HR = heart
      rate) A correlation of r = 0.81 was found between Qp calculated with PDE and
      right cardiac output (CO) by the thermodilution method. A correlation of r = 0.66
      was observed between Qs and left ventricular ejection volume obtained from left
      ventriculography using Dodge's method. Comparison of RF using Sellers'
      classification with AOG revealed that the RF in the group uncomplicated with AR
      was 0.14 +/- 0.10, and Sellers' degrees I, 0.27 +/- 0.08; II, 0.36 +/- 0.04; III,
      0.53 +/- 0.05; and IV, 0.64 +/- 0.06, indicating consistency with severity and
      RF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4067338
TI  - [Continuous wave Doppler echocardiographic assessment of aortic stenosis and
      aortic regurgitation].
AB  - Twenty-four patients with aortic stenosis and 22 with aortic insufficiency were
      evaluated using continuous wave Doppler echocardiography (echo). Doppler echo
      studies were performed 48 hours before cardiac catheterization. Fifteen normal
      subjects served as controls. Peak velocity in the ascending aorta in aortic
      stenosis ranged from 2.0 to 6.0 m/sec with a mean of 3.7 m/sec, and this was
      significantly increased over the normal controls (mean 1.1 m/sec: 0.7-1.4 m/sec).
      Using the simplified Bernoulli equation (P = 4 V2, P: peak pressure gradient, V:
      peak flow velocity), the peak pressure gradient across the aortic valve was
      measured from the peak velocity in patients with aortic stenosis. The results (Y)
      correlated well with the peak-to-peak pressure gradient (X) between the left
      ventricular pressure and aortic pressure as obtained by cardiac catheterization
      (Y = 1.1 X +2.5, r = 0.83). Aortic regurgitation was detected by continuous wave
      Doppler echo in all patients with aortic insufficiency, but in only half of the
      patients the peak velocity could be measured (3.8 +/- 0.3 m/sec, mean +/- SD). In
      the remaining patients, it was difficult to measure the peak velocity, but it
      seemed to be greater than 3.0 m/sec. On the simultaneous recordings of the
      gradient between aortic and left ventricular pressures and continuous wave
      Doppler echo in patients with aortic regurgitation, the shape and pattern of the
      pressure gradient during diastole were similar to those of continuous wave
      Doppler echo. We conclude that continuous wave Doppler echo is a very sensitive
      method for diagnosing aortic stenosis and regurgitation, and it provides a
      quantitative assessment of the severity of aortic stenosis.

PMID- 4067339
TI  - [Exercise echocardiography to evaluate left ventricular function in mitral and
      aortic regurgitation].
AB  - To assess differences in left ventricular (LV) performance between mitral
      regurgitation (MR) and aortic regurgitation (AR), exercise echocardiography was
      performed for 12 patients with MR and 18 patients with AR, and the results were
      compared with those of 11 normal subjects. These patients with LV volume
      overloads were all in the NYHA class I or II. There were no differences in age or
      sex distributions between the two groups. Symptom-limited submaximal exercise was
      performed on an ergometer in the supine position. The results obtained were as
      follows: LV dimensions at end-diastole (EDD) and end-systole (ESD) were greater
      in the diseased groups than in the normal group. Resting EDD and ESD showed no
      differences between the MR and the AR groups. There were no differences in
      exercise-induced increases in heart rates or elevations of systolic blood
      pressures among the three groups. During exercise, EDD increased and ESD
      decreased in the normal group, and similar results were obtained for the MR
      group. However, in the AR group, EDD and ESD remained unchanged. Ten of the 18
      patients with AR had decreased ESD, and eight had unchanged or increased ESD
      during exercise. Resting shortening fractions were equally distributed among the
      three groups. During exercise, the shortening fractions were significantly
      increased in the normal and the MR groups. In the AR group, shortening fractions
      remained at resting values, with variable responses in individual cases. Systolic
      wall thickening of the interventricular septum and the LV posterior wall showed
      similar responses of shortening fractions. The relation between the peak systolic
      wall stress index (PSSI) and ESD, or PSSI and the shortening fraction revealed
      that exercise induced an afterload mismatch of LV performance in some patients
      with AR. Thus, though resting LV performances did not differ from each other, an
      afterload mismatch is more easily induced with exercise in patients with AR than
      in patients with MR. This may be one of the cause of the different clinical
      courses in these two groups with LV volume overloads.

PMID- 4067340
TI  - [Left ventricular diastolic properties in dilated cardiomyopathy, transmural
      myocardial infarction, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].
AB  - Left ventricular (LV) diastolic properties in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM),
      transmural myocardial infarction (TMI), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
      were evaluated. Radionuclide angiography and M-mode echocardiography were
      performed for 11 cases of DCM, 40 cases of TMI, 21 cases of HCM, and nine normal
      control subjects. In DCM, the peak filling rate (PFR) and filling fraction (FF)
      were significantly reduced, but the time to the peak filling rate (TPFR) was not
      prolonged. In TMI, both the PFR and FF were significantly reduced. Moreover, the
      TPFR was significantly prolonged in TMI as compared to DCM. Although depression
      of the PFR in HCM was not apparent, prolongation of the TPFR in HCM was marked.
      In DCM, there was good correlation between the PFR and left ventricular ejection
      fraction (EF) (r = 0.71, p less than 0.03). In TMI, there was a good correlation
      between the TPFR and the standard deviation of the LV phase angle histogram
      (SDP), indicating LV asynergy (r = 0.589, p less than 0.005). In HCM, both the FF
      and PFR correlated inversely with the LV wall thickness (r = -0.74, p less than
      0.008; r = -0.581, p less than 0.03, respectively). These results indicate that
      various factors affect LV diastolic properties in heart disease, and that
      radionuclide angiography is a valuable technique for evaluating LV diastolic
      function.

PMID- 4067341
TI  - Right and left ventricular dysfunction in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a
      study with equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography.
AB  - Right and left ventricular function was evaluated in 28 patients with dilated
      cardiomyopathy to determine whether both ventricular functions were equally
      impaired in each patient. The ejection fractions of both ventricles were measured
      using equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. In 13 patients the left
      ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was lower than the right ventricular
      ejection fraction (RVEF) by 6% or more, their mean values being 24 +/- 8% (mean
      +/- SD) and 37 +/- 7%, respectively (group 1). The difference between the LVEF
      and RVEF was less than 6% in nine patients; LVEF 29 +/- 8% and RVEF 30 +/- 7%
      (group 2). In six patients the RVEF was lower than the LVEF by 6% or more, and
      their mean values were 21 +/- 6% and 37 +/- 10%, respectively (group 3). The
      frequency of ventricular tachycardia, which was determined by the Holter ECG, was
      significantly higher in group 3 (100%, 6/6) than in the others (group 1 + 2; 41%,
      9/22), p less than 0.05. The NYHA functional class correlated well with the LVEF,
      but not with the RVEF. It was concluded that the left and right ventricular
      functions are not necessarily equally impaired in patients with dilated
      cardiomyopathy, and that the difference may correlate with their clinical
      features.

PMID- 4067342
TI  - [An intermittent mid-diastolic musical murmur indicating aortic regurgitation:
      report of a case].
AB  - An unusual mid-diastolic musical murmur developed soon after cardiac
      catheterization of a 55-year-old man with mitral stenosis. His physical findings
      consisted of an accentuated first heart sound, an opening snap and a grade 3/6
      mid-diastolic rumbling murmur. No early diastolic murmur was audible. However,
      soon after cardiac catheterization, a mid-diastolic "cooing" murmur at a
      frequency of 200 cycles/sec developed. This murmur resolved with the patient in
      the sitting position, or by leg raising. With Valsalva or Muller maneuvers this
      murmur was abolished transiently, and it disappeared on administering either amyl
      nitrite or methoxamine. Echocardiography revealed early diastolic vibrations in
      the aortic valve. Pulsed Doppler echocardiograms revealed harmonic signals of the
      aortic cusp at a fundamental frequency of 200 cycles/sec. These harmonic signals
      could be recorded only in mid-diastole. The frequency patterns of the murmur and
      the Doppler signals were identical; therefore, the murmur was judged to be
      produced by aortic valve vibrations. Furthermore, resonance of cardiac structures
      which accentuate the murmur might be related to the occurrence of this murmur.
      Pulsed Doppler echocardiography is helpful in identifying the site of origin of
      this musical murmur.

PMID- 4067343
TI  - [Traumatic mitral insufficiency: a case report].
AB  - A 25-year-old man was admitted to Juntendo University Hospital with chief
      complaints of nocturnal dyspnea and shortness of breath on Sept. 22, 1983. He had
      no history of rheumatic fever or bacterial endocarditis. He was violently kicked
      in the chest while practicing Shorinji-Kempo (Karate) in July 1977. His heart
      murmur was first noticed in April 1978, but he was asymptomatic for six years
      after the accident until transient nocturnal dyspnea developed January 1983.
      Physical examination on admission revealed a grade 4/6 apical holosystolic
      murmur, a markedly accentuated third sound, and hepatomegaly of two finger
      breadth in the right midclavicular line. An electrocardiogram revealed sinus
      tachycardia (100/min), left atrial overload and left ventricular hypertrophy.
      Chest radiography showed slight cardiac enlargement with a cardiothoracic ratio
      of 55%, and slightly increased pulmonary vascular markings. Two-dimensional
      echocardiography showed a markedly prolapsed posterior mitral leaflet and
      fluttering in diastole. Cardiac catheterization showed elevated pressure of
      pulmonary capillaries (a: 16, v: 30, mean: 19 mmHg), the pulmonary artery and the
      right ventricle. Left ventriculography revealed grade four (Sellers) mitral
      regurgitation. Mitral valve replacement was performed on October 13, 1983. A
      chorda tendinae supporting the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve was found to
      be ruptured just above its origin from the posterior papillary muscle.
      Histological examination of the resected valve showed increased spongiosa tissue
      which mimicked so-called myxomatous changes, but it seemed preferable to
      interpret this as a "secondary change due to increased hemodynamic stress" rather
      than the "primary change".

PMID- 4067344
TI  - [Evaluation of myocardial perfusion by intravenous contrast echomyocardiography].
AB  - For the echocardiographic assessment of intramyocardial blood flow distribution
      by intravenous contrast echocardiographic technique, we measured the echo
      intensity of a point (phi 6 mm) in the interventricular septum using a lightmeter
      in end-diastole before and after the intravenous injection of various dosages of
      ether or hydrogen peroxide in one open-chest and four closed-chest dogs. Before
      the injection of contrast media, the echo intensity of the myocardium varied
      within a range of 6.1 +/- 4.6% After the injection of ether or hydrogen peroxide,
      the echo intensity of the myocardium increased. After the occlusion of the left
      anterior descending artery, echo enhancement of the left ventricular wall
      occurred, except for the left ventricular anterior wall and the interventricular
      septum. Between dosage (x) and % increase (y), relations of y = 127x - 3, in
      ether and y = 1.17x + 1.11, in hydrogen peroxide were observed. We found that the
      intravenous injection of at least 0.2 ml ether or 15 mg hydrogen peroxide was
      necessary to achieve effective echo enhancement of the myocardium in dogs.

PMID- 4067345
TI  - [Giant aneurysm of the right coronary artery with complete proximal obstruction:
      a case report].
AB  - A 46-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of oppressive
      chest pain and ECG abnormalities. Her ECG on admission showed old inferior
      myocardial infarction. Chest radiography on admission indicated cardiomegaly
      (cardiothoracic ratio was 60%). The echocardiogram showed compression of the
      right atrium, right ventricle, and tricuspid annulus by a tumor which was located
      between the liver and the heart. The tumor's echo density was heterogenous.
      Cardiac computed tomography showed compression of the tricuspid annulus by the
      tumor which was located anterior to the right atrium and the right ventricle. The
      tumor registered 65.1 HU and was not enhanced by contrast medium. These findings
      strongly suggested a giant right coronary aneurysm filled with thrombus, and this
      diagnosis was confirmed at surgery and pathologically. Coronary aneurysms are
      rarely diagnosed during life, and usually are incidental findings during coronary
      arteriography performed to evaluate myocardial infarction or angina pectoris. The
      coronary aneurysm of the present case was clearly and easily recognized using
      computed tomography and appeared as a pericardial tumor. Computed tomography may
      be helpful for observing the growth of tumor and thrombus formation within it.

PMID- 4067346
TI  - [Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery: report
      of a case].
AB  - An asymptomatic 5-year-old boy with anomalous origin of the right coronary artery
      from the pulmonary artery was reported. He was referred to us for evaluation of
      an apical continuous murmur. The chest radiograph, and electrocardiograms at rest
      and during exercise were unremarkable. This anomaly, whose echocardiographic
      findings have not been described before, were visualized first by two-dimensional
      echocardiography, and confirmed by coronary angiography. There have been some
      reports of sudden death occurring in patients with this rare congenital heart
      defect. We believe that careful follow-up study is indicated.

PMID- 4067347
TI  - [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with progressive left ventricular hypertrophy: a
      case report].
AB  - A 64-year-old man was hospitalized in March 1983 for recurrent episodes of
      dyspnea and palpitation despite medical treatment. At 48 years of age (1967),
      hypertension was diagnosed, but well controlled by propranolol. At the age of 59
      years (1979), his first episode of dyspnea and palpitation was noted, with
      electrocardiographic (ECG) evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and
      abnormal Q waves in leads III and a VF. The echocardiogram, however, showed mild
      LVH with neither asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) nor systolic anterior
      movement (SAM). On admission (1983), his blood pressure was 130/70 mmHg, and a
      grade III systolic murmur was heard along the left sternal border and over the
      apex. On ECG, the left precordial voltage (Sv1 + Rv5) was diminished and the
      depth of the Q wave in lead III increased compared with that of 1978. On
      echocardiography, we observed prominent septal hypertrophy (IVST: 20 mm) with ASH
      (IVST/PWT = 2.0), SAM, an enlarged left atrium, and a diminished left ventricular
      (LV) cavity. Left ventricular catheterization showed a pressure gradient of 90
      mmHg between the LV apex and outflow tract and histological examination of the bi
      ventricular endomyocardial biopsy material showed markedly hypertrophied and
      mildly disarranged myocardial fibers with bizarre nuclei. We considered that this
      was an interesting case in which ASH and SAM developed in the progression of LVH
      during the follow-up period.

PMID- 4067348
TI  - [Two-dimensional echocardiography in diagnosing the region of myocardial
      infarction: a comparative study by several independent examiners].
AB  - The efficacy of two-dimensional echocardiography in diagnosing the localization
      of myocardial infarction (MI) was studied by comparing the echocardiographic and
      pathological findings of 28 patients having MI. The ventricular wall was divided
      into 18 segments including three segments of the right ventricular wall. The
      regional wall motion abnormalities for each of the 504 segments were diagnosed by
      visual assessment. The echocardiographic recordings were reviewed individually by
      four examiners using the same protocol to assess the interobserver's variation.
      The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves differed by examiners.
      However, when the subjects were limited to anterior MI patients, the ROC curves
      established by the echo-trained physicians did not differ significantly. It was
      concluded that the echocardiographic diagnosis of regional wall motion by visual
      assessment has universal validity. Individual differences are thought mainly to
      depend on the sites of infarction. Sensitivities for detecting transmural (TM),
      non-transmural (non-TM) infarcted segments and intact segments were 90, 70 and
      70%, respectively. Most of the underestimated TM or overestimated intact segments
      corresponded to the sites adjacent to MI. As the unexpectedly misdiagnosed
      segments, the mimic inward motion of the inferior wall drawn by the intact
      anteroapical wall was observed in a inferior MI patient, or the mimic anterior
      motion of the anteroapical wall by a swinging motion of the heart, or the
      paradoxical motion of the interventricular septum was observed in a right
      ventricular MI case. In the two third of the overestimated non-TM segments, it
      was considered that the wall motion was affected by the myocardial ischemia,
      which was not revealed by pathological examination. The underestimated non-TM
      segments located adjacent to the intact segments or opposite to the severely
      ischemic segments. From the echocardiographic viewpoint, nearly 90% of segments
      showing akinetic or dyskinetic motion had MI. However, one third of segments
      diagnosed as normal were actually MI segments.

PMID- 4067349
TI  - [Left ventricular wall motion in ischemic heart disease quantitatively assessed
      by three-dimensional vectors of reference points in multi-directional two
      dimensional echocardiography].
AB  - Left ventricular wall motion was analyzed in a spatial geometric manner assuming
      the quantitative vectors formed by the reference points' movement on two
      dimensional echocardiogram in 58 normal subjects and 40 patients with ischemic
      heart disease. Long-axis, RAO-equivalent and short-axis views, termed sagittal,
      frontal, and horizontal planes, respectively, were visualized and two or three
      reference points were defined on each plane. The vectors of these points'
      movement were obtained from video-image tracings on each plane and systolic
      excursion and distortion angles of each pair of reference points were vectorially
      assessed. All vectors in myocardial infarction were directed towards the
      infarcted areas. Clockwise horizontal distortion of the left ventricle apex-to
      base axis was observed in normal subjects, but it was slight (3.1 +/- 3.0
      degrees: mean +/- SD at the papillary muscle horizontal section). However, larger
      horizontal distortion was observed in single coronary artery disease, which may
      lead to the erroneous segmental wall motion analysis using conventional
      cineangiography because of the overlap of the adjacent segments.

PMID- 4067351
TI  - [Digital perfusion images for evaluating patients with mitral valve replacement].
AB  - To determine whether the distribution of pulmonary perfusion can be applied as a
      noninvasive means of evaluating patients with mitral valve replacement (MVR),
      computerized Tc-99m MAA pulmonary perfusion images (digital perfusion images:
      DPI) were obtained for 32 patients in the preoperative, early postoperative and
      late postoperative (18 months mean) periods. DPI consisted of isocount areas, and
      a 100-70% area was defined as a hyperperfusion area. The distribution of
      pulmonary perfusion was evaluated using patterns of hyperperfusion area in
      anterior DPI. In 32 patients above-mentioned had the hyperperfusion areas in the
      upper lung fields preoperatively, the perfusion of the lung base was
      investigated. In 21 patients hyperperfusion area appeared in the lung base in the
      late follow-up period (group A), and all patients improved clinically. In 11
      patients, the DPI improved to nearly normal patterns. In five patients, the DPI
      improved after one year postoperatively. In 11 patients, hyperperfusion areas did
      not appear in the lung base in the late follow-up period (group B). Six of the 11
      patients did not improve clinically. There were no significant hemodynamic
      differences between groups A and B except for slight differences in the
      postoperative pulmonary vascular resistance. These results suggested significant
      correlations between the clinical improvement and the normalization of the DPI.
      The use of DPI patterns may facilitate quantitative and objective estimations of
      postoperative states. Since DPI are easy to perform noninvasively, DPI may
      comprise a useful graphic diagnostic method for evaluating patients with MVR.

PMID- 4067350
TI  - [Intracoronary thrombolytic therapy in Kawasaki disease and the usefulness of two
      dimensional echocardiography in detecting intracoronary thrombi].
AB  - The main cause of death in patients with Kawasaki disease is myocardial
      infarction due to thrombotic occlusion of a coronary aneurysm. Intracoronary
      thrombolytic therapy was administered to dissolve the intracoronary thrombi of
      one infarcted patient and five non-infarcted patients who had massive
      intracoronary thrombus formations which were detected by two-dimensional
      echocardiography (2-D echo). Intracoronary injections of Urokinase ranged in dose
      from 2000 to 240000 IU. Systemic Urokinase infusions were performed for two
      patients in addition to intracoronary injections. Coronary angiography revealed
      complete obstruction of coronary aneurysms in two patients and partial
      obstruction in one patient. Although coronary angiography failed to visualize the
      intracoronary thrombi in three patients, 2-D echocardiography imaged massive
      thrombus formations in coronary aneurysms. Partial but significant coronary
      arterial recanalization was achieved after injecting Urokinase in a patient with
      myocardial infarction. Complete resolution of massive intracoronary thrombi was
      observed in three of five patients using 2-D echocardiography. A decrease in size
      of the intracoronary thrombus in one patient was observed after thrombolytic
      therapy. In another patient, the size of a thrombus did not change after
      thrombolytic therapy. Recurrence of thrombus formation in coronary aneurysms was
      observed in three patients using serial 2-D echocardiography. Urokinase was
      readministered to them and one showed significant reduction in the thrombus size.
      We conclude that 1) 2-D echocardiography is more sensitive and reproducible than
      coronary angiography. Therefore, serial 2-D echocardiography should be performed
      for patients with Kawasaki disease to detect intracoronary thrombus formation and
      to evaluate serial changes in thrombi. 2) Intracoronary thrombolytic therapy is
      useful for patients who have intracoronary thrombi to treat or prevent myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 4067353
TI  - [Distribution of left ventricular hypertrophy and electrocardiographic findings
      in patient with so-called apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].
AB  - The distribution of left ventricular hypertrophy determined by two-dimensional
      echocardiography was compared with the ECG findings of 15 patients with so-called
      apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In most patients, hypertrophy was localized
      from the anterior septum at the mid-level of the left ventricle to the apex.
      Giant negative T waves and ST depressions were observed in II, III, aVF and V4-6
      in all cases. Negative U waves in the same leads and prolongation of the QTc were
      also observed in most cases. The cause of these ECG abnormalities was unknown,
      but ST-T changes and negative U waves may be related to marked, localized
      hypertrophy of the apex. The depth of the negative T waves and the ST segments
      changed significantly by hour, from day to day, or from year to year. However,
      these changes were not associated with significant changes in blood pressure,
      cardiothoracic ratio, physical condition or therapy. The cause of these changes
      was unknown, but alterations in activity of the sympathetic nervous system may be
      one possible cause. In patients with monthly or yearly changes in ST-T, the
      progression of hypertrophy may also be the cause. ST-T variations revealed in
      this study might be one of the causes for the different incidences of giant
      negative T waves in the reports with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In some
      patients, an exercise test was positive, but, the coronary angiogram and left
      ventriculogram were normal for all patients.

PMID- 4067352
TI  - [Interventricular septal configurations and motions in patients with hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy by angled biventriculography].
AB  - Precise configurations and motions of the interventricular septum (IVS) in
      hypertrophied hearts were assessed using angled biventriculography (BVG) for
      eight patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AH), three with
      hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), six with hypertrophic non
      obstructive cardiomyopathy (HNCM) and four with hypertensive heart disease (HHD).
      Analysis was by the computer system, OSCON. The configurations of the IVS
      differed among the four groups: the thickness of the IVS increased gradually
      towards the apex in patients with AH; that of the upper IVS increased abnormally
      in patients with HOCM; that of the mid-IVS increased in patients with HNCM; and
      that of the IVS increased uniformly in patients with HHD. The segmental
      thickening of the IVS also differed in each of the four groups. Among them, a
      characteristic pattern of the segmental thickening of the IVS was evident in
      patients with HNCM. In addition, the relative contributions of the IVS to right
      and left ventricular contractions in patients with AH and HHD differed from those
      in patients with HOCM and HNCM. Briefly, IVS contractions contributed more to the
      left than to the right ventricle in patients with AH and HHD, but not in those
      with HOCM and HNCM. Although further study is necessary, it can be concluded that
      AH can be regarded as one type of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, according to its
      IVS configuration and motion.

PMID- 4067354
TI  - [Histological features of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].
AB  - Biopsy specimens of 16 patients diagnosed by cardiac catheterization and
      angiography as having primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were examined. They
      were categorized as apical hypertrophy type in six, septal hypertrophy type in
      five, and others in five. Histological examinations disclosed edema, fibrosis,
      disorganization and bizarre nuclei in the myocardium in all types of disease
      entity, and it was possible to diagnose histologically primary cardiomyopathy in
      three each of the apical and other types. The remaining cases, however, did not
      show histological findings compatible with cardiomyopathy. We concluded that
      primary cardiomyopathy cannot always be diagnosed by biopsy data alone, and
      echocardiography and angiography are essential for its diagnosis.

PMID- 4067355
TI  - [Do giant negative T waves represent apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? Left
      ventriculographic and cardiac biopsy studies].
AB  - Whether giant negative T waves (GNT) of 1 mV or greater represent the
      electrocardiographic characteristics of idiopathic cardiomyopathy, particularly
      apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, is controversial. To clarify this point, a
      comparative study was conducted for 57 persons with GNT (GNT+ group) and 57
      persons of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with either asymmetric septal hypertrophy
      or diffuse hypertrophy of the ventricular wall in the absence of GNT (GNT-
      group). Patients with cerebral vascular accidents, myocardial infarctions,
      valvular heart disease, myopericarditis, and implanted pacemakers were excluded
      from the study because these patients' ECGs may show GNT. Left ventriculograms
      were investigated at end-diastole in the right anterior oblique projection. The
      GNT+ group showed a spade-like configuration indicating a marked reduction in the
      lumen of the apical cavity in 25 cases (43.9%); a kidney or banana-like
      configuration indicating the inferior wall bulging into the left ventricular
      cavity in its mid-zone in eight cases (14.0%), and an oval configuration which
      indicated no deformity of the left ventricular cavity in 24 (42.1%). The spade
      like configuration was also seen in four cases (7.0%) of the GNT- group. A study
      of ventricular wall thicknesses based on left ventriculography showed that 25.5%
      of cases with GNT did not have concomitant apical hypertrophy. Generally, the
      GNT+ group cases had a significantly thicker anterior left ventricular wall and
      apical hypertrophy compared to the GNT- group. The hypertrophic states of the
      apical wall and anterior wall of the left ventricle correlated well. The GNT+
      group included a significantly larger percentage of patients who were middle aged
      and older than did the GNT- group, and the frequency of accompanying hypertension
      was significantly higher in the former. The confirmed or suspected familial
      occurrence of cardiomyopathy (CM) was observed in 32 cases (56.1%) of the GNT-
      group, and in 18 cases (31.6%) of the GNT+ group, i.e., the incidence was
      significantly lower in the GNT+ group. In an endomyocardial biopsy study, 40
      cases (70.1%) of HCM without GNT had bizarre myocardial hypertrophy with
      disorganization (BMHD). The incidence of BMHD in the GNT+ group was 21/57 (36.8%)
      significantly lower than in the GNT- group. In the GNT- group, there was no
      significant difference in the incidence of BMHD between relatively young and old
      patients or between patients with and without accompanying hypertension; whereas,
      in the GNT+ group, it was significantly lower among those with accompanying
      hypertension and in older patients than in those without accompanying
      hypertension and in younger patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4067356
TI  - [The role of hypertension in apical hypertrophy].
AB  - Recent advances in echocardiography have revealed that hypertension causes
      several types of cardiac hypertrophy. We classified hypertensive patients by type
      of cardiac hypertrophy, and evaluated left ventricular function and the severity
      of hypertension. The subjects consisted of 257 hypertensive patients, 13 patients
      with cardiac hypertrophy, and 95 normotensive controls. The hypertensives were
      classified in four groups: no hypertrophy, concentric hypertrophy, asymmetrical
      septal hypertrophy (ASH), and asymmetrical apical hypertrophy (AAH). The
      normotensive patients with cardiac hypertrophy included nine with ASH and four
      with AAH. Cardiac functions in these patients were determined by
      echocardiography, RI-angiocardiography and cardiac catheterization. The results
      were as follows: Among 257 hypertensive patients, the incidence of concentric
      hypertrophy, ASH, and AAH was 53%, 10%, and 4%, respectively. In patients with
      AAH and hypertension, the hypertensive blood pressure levels and hypertensive
      organ involvements were mild. The blood pressures of most of these patients fell
      to the normal range after admission. The cardiac index and left ventricular
      systolic function (FS, mVCF, and ejection fraction) were significantly higher in
      AAH with hypertension than in the other hypertensive groups or in the
      normotensive controls. The hypertensive patients showed lower E-F slopes and
      higher A/E ratios than the normotensive controls, as well as the normotensive
      patients with ASH or AAH. Cardiac function did not differ appreciably between
      normotensive AAH and hypertensive AAH. Left ventricular dimension and left
      ventricular end-diastolic volume index were larger in AAH with hypertension. The
      total peripheral resistance of the hypertensive AAH was significantly lower than
      that of the hypertensives with concentric hypertrophy (p less than 0.01), though
      it was higher than that of the normotensive AAH (p less than 0.01). It was,
      therefore, concluded that mild hypertension observed in patients with AAH may be
      the result of regulatory mechanisms in the hyperkinetic states.

PMID- 4067357
TI  - [Apical hypertrophy and its genetic and acquired factors].
AB  - Although apical hypertrophy is characterized by a spade-like configuration of the
      left ventricle and giant negative T waves on electrocardiograms, the identity of
      apical hypertrophy in the disease spectrum of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
      is not fully established. The present study compared the demography, familial
      occurrence, and acquired factors of 43 patients who had apical hypertrophy with
      those of 104 patients who had asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH).
      Demographically, apical hypertrophy occurred predominantly in middle-aged males
      (86%). Family surveys showed that 13% of siblings of apical hypertrophy were
      affected, significantly less than in obstructive (31%) or non-obstructive (29%)
      HCM with ASH. Thirty-eight percent of siblings of ASH patients less than 35 years
      of age were affected, with a male/female ratio of 4/5, suggesting an autosomal
      dominant inheritance. The acquired factors associated with apical hypertrophy
      were assessed in a case-control study. Relative risk (odds ratio) of the
      condition was 3.46 (p less than 0.05) in those with histories of hypertension,
      and increased further to 8.09 (p less than 0.001) in those who were often
      hypertensive according to their physician's evaluations. Thus a strong
      association of hypertension with apical hypertrophy was suggested. However,
      hypertension in this condition was usually mild and labile, the blood pressure
      reverted to the normal range within several days of hospital admission, implying
      that transient hypertension during daily activity is associated with apical
      hypertrophy. Therefore, blood pressure response during exercise stress tests of
      25 patients with apical hypertrophy was compared with that of age- and sex
      matched controls. Slopes of linear regression between systolic blood pressure and
      heart rate and oxygen consumption during exercise, were used as indices of blood
      pressure response. They were significantly greater in apical hypertrophy than in
      the controls (1.2 +/- 0.4 vs 0.9 +/- 0.3, p less than 0.01 and 4.3 +/- 1.7 vs 2.8
      +/- 0.8, p less than 0.001). This trend was observed even in patients without
      histories of hypertension. These findings suggested that apical hypertrophy has
      an inheritance pattern different from that of ASH, and has a possible association
      with acquired factors such as hypertension. Therefore, apical hypertrophy seemed
      to be a disease entity distinct from HCM with ASH, though it might be included in
      the disease spectrum of HCM.

PMID- 4067358
TI  - [Apical hypertrophy and catecholamine].
AB  - Catecholamine is suspected to be related to the pathogenesis of hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy (HCM). To investigate the contribution of catecholamine to apical
      hypertrophy (APH) which is a special type of HCM, 16 normal controls, 49 +/- 4
      years old; 14 patients with APH, 55 +/- 6 years old; 18 patients with other types
      of HCM, 53 +/- 8 years old; and 12 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy due
      to valvular heart diseases (VHD), 49 +/- 10 years old, were studied during
      treadmill exercise tests, supine ergometer tests and intravenous infusions of
      isoproterenol (ISP) (0.02 micrograms/kg/min for 5 min). Echocardiograms and/or
      electrocardiograms were obtained during the procedures. During ergometer
      exercise, there was no significant difference in increase of heart rates among
      all groups. Ergometer exercise increased the level of plasma catecholamine in the
      group VHD, and there was a similar but less marked tendency in the APH. During
      the ISP infusion, "mechanical" reaction was relatively low in the APH compared to
      those in the other groups. The giant negative T waves in the HCM, mostly in the
      APH, lessened during exercise and during the ISP infusion. Among those in whom
      negative T wave changes of more than 0.5 mV occurred during exercise, the wall
      motion of the left ventricle was more active during exercise. Giant negative T
      waves changed diurnally and were less deeper during daytime than at
      night.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4067360
TI  - Comparative studies on the characteristics of proliferation and differentiation
      of spleen colony-forming cells.
AB  - Using a single spleen colony transplantation technique and sex chromosome typing
      as a natural cytogenetic marker, most spleen colony-forming cells (CFC) in adult
      bone marrow or fetal livers of inbred LACA or C57 mice re-established hemopoiesis
      in lethally irradiated mice when the spleen colonies were sampled at 13 days
      after transplantation. However, most of the spleen colony-forming cells in the
      peripheral blood of normal mice possess little potential for proliferation and
      are less efficient in the re-establishment of hemopoiesis in lethally irradiated
      mice. The CFC population is heterogeneous in the mice. From the subsequent
      retransplantation of colonies from colony-forming cells in the peripheral blood,
      the simple assessment of spleen colony-forming units (CFU-s) content, based on
      the number of splenic colonies, does not reliably represent the content of
      hemopoietic stem cells.

PMID- 4067359
TI  - CFU-gm assay, cytochemical and electron microscopic studies in agar in patients
      with preleukemic syndrome and aplastic anemia.
AB  - Thirty-seven patients with chronic cytopenia were studied using a CFU-gm assay in
      agar. Cell proliferation was evaluated on days 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10 of incubation.
      Growth patterns were different in cultures of hematologically healthy persons
      versus patients with preleukemic syndrome (PL) and aplastic anemia (AA). Three
      types of PL syndrome and two types of AA (C1 and C2) were distinguished. Bone
      marrow dysfunction was evaluated further using cytochemistry and electron
      microscopy to morphologically study cell proliferation in vitro. Cytochemical
      staining performed in agar demonstrated well-defined maturation defects in
      myelopoietic precursor cells from the bone marrow of PL patients. Electron
      microscopic findings of Auer-body-like inclusions in "statu nascendi" in the
      vacuoles of preleukemic cells supported our results. PL patient groups at high
      risk for development of overt leukemia and patients with grave prognosis in AA
      were distinguished. Our results are relevant for the clinical diagnosis and
      prognosis of patients with cytopenia.

PMID- 4067361
TI  - Autocrine growth factors for human tumor clonogenic cells.
AB  - A human epithelial-derived cell line, SW-13, releases a soluble substance that
      functions as an autocrine growth factor. SW-13 cells, derived from a human
      adenocarcinoma of the adrenal cortex, form a few small colonies when suspended in
      soft agar at low densities. The number of colonies increased significantly when
      either viable SW-13 cells or serum-free medium conditioned by SW-13 cells (CM)
      was added to agar underlayers. CM increased colony formation in a dose-dependent
      fashion. Clonal growth at low cell densities was dependent on the presence of
      both horse serum and SW-13 CM. Neither activity alone was capable of sustaining
      growth. Even when cells were plated at high densities CM could not substitute for
      serum, but could reduce the threshold serum concentration. The results suggest
      that autocrine and serum-derived factors act in concert to maintain clonal growth
      of epithelial tumor cells in soft agar.

PMID- 4067362
TI  - Effect of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum on erythropoietin production and
      hematopoietic progenitor cells.
AB  - Studies were conducted to determine whether the progressive development of anemia
      associated with the antineoplastic drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cDDP) was
      the consequence of decreased erythropoietin (Epo) production due to cDDP-induced
      nephrotoxicity or selective inhibition of erythroid progenitor cells. Five days
      after a single intraperitoneal injection of cDDP, hypoxia-induced Epo production
      was not decreased in mice and was increased significantly in rats in spite of
      severe multifocal tubular necrosis. In both species, colony-forming units
      granulocyte macrophage (CFU-gm) and colony-forming units-erythroid (CFU-e) were
      reduced significantly, with a greater decrease in CFU-e. Studies of an anemic
      patient receiving cDDP also showed elevated Epo and decreased CFU-gm and CFU-e.
      In vitro exposure of mouse and human bone marrow to cDDP caused a dose-dependent
      inhibition of CFU-gm and CFU-e in both species, with human CFU-e showing greatest
      sensitivity. The results indicate that the primary hematologic toxicity of cDDP
      is directed at the hematopoietic stem cell compartment.

PMID- 4067364
TI  - [The 38th Congress of the Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery. October 3-5,
      1985, Fukuoka, Japan. Abstracts].

PMID- 4067363
TI  - The stability of five chemotherapy drugs stored frozen for use in the human tumor
      stem cell assay.

PMID- 4067365
TI  - [Acrylamide--for better uses in biochemical field].

PMID- 4067366
TI  - [Colorimetric detection of the target DNA with biotin-labeled oligonucleotide].

PMID- 4067367
TI  - [Electrochemical detection method].

PMID- 4067368
TI  - [The 58th Congress of the Japanese Biochemical Society. September 26-29, 1985,
      Sendai, Japan. Abstracts].

PMID- 4067369
TI  - [Clinical studies and postoperative results of 51 nonambulatory rheumatoid
      patients with total joint replacements].
AB  - Between October 1971 and June 1984, total joint replacement was performed on 51
      nonambulatory patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These nonambulatory
      patients showed high RA activity, and many presented with extra-articular
      symptoms with reference to the heart, lung, etc. During follow-up, 13 patients
      died of diseases unrelated to the operation, and the whereabouts of other 3
      patients were unknown. Thus, the total joint replacement was evaluated in the
      remaining 35 patients. The walking ability was improved in 27 patients. However,
      the hoped-for results were not attained in relation to various aspects of the
      activities of daily life. Complications developed in 6 joints of 6 patients. The
      factors responsible for poor results were loss of motivation, muscle weakness,
      reduced function of the upper extremities, osteoporosis, cervical spinal cord
      injury, etc. From these results, it is emphasized that properly-timed surgery at
      the right level can prevent RA patient from becoming nonambulatory.

PMID- 4067370
TI  - [Experimental investigation of the effect of segmental blood supplies to
      peripheral nerves on their axonal regeneration].
AB  - Experimental investigations, with median nerve of adult cat, of axonal
      regeneration in nerve graft, fresh and predegenerated, with or without segmental
      blood supply gave following results. Four different kinds of nerve graft were
      performed in 4 groups. In group A and B, fresh 3 cm nerve graft was placed with
      or without segmental blood supply, respectively, and in group C and D,
      predegenerated nerve graft was placed with or without segmental blood supply,
      respectively. Number of regenerated axons was more and its diameter was larger in
      group A, compared with group B, within 2 months postop., but those became nearly
      equal after 3 months postop. In group C, the number of axons remained more and
      its diameter larger than in group D until 3 months postop. Of 4 groups,
      regenerated axons outnumbered other groups in group C, but mean diameter of them
      was the largest in group A.

PMID- 4067371
TI  - [Changes of microcirculation dynamics in the formation of edema following spinal
      compression injury in rabbits].
AB  - The changes in microcirculation dynamics were investigated, after giving acute
      compression to the spinal cord in rabbits. When the 8th thoracic cord was
      compressed for one minute with a plummet weighing 50g, paraparesis occurred, from
      which the animals could recovered within two weeks. The blood flow at the
      compressed region, determined by the hydrogen clearance method, one hour after
      the injury was increased to 154% of the pre-injury level, while the flow was
      reduced by 22% six hours later. The vascular permeability, estimated by the
      fluorescein method, was found to be 3.3 times greater in the injured animals than
      that in controls only at one hour after compression. The water contents of the
      spinal cord, determined by the dry weight method, were gradually increased up to
      six hours. These results suggest that vasogenic edema due to the primary damage
      to the vascular system in the spinal cord may occur within one hour of the
      compression and cytotoxic edema may appear six hours later.

PMID- 4067372
TI  - [Drug therapy of rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 4067373
TI  - [Radiation treatment of esophageal carcinoma with special reference to the high
      dose-rate intracavitary irradiation].

PMID- 4067374
TI  - [The US-Japan Seminar 1984. Advances and new technics in radiation oncology
      research--an overview].

PMID- 4067375
TI  - Pathogenesis of pancreatic and biliary CaCO3 lithiasis: the solubility product
      (K'sp) of calcite determined with the Ca++ electrode.
AB  - There are three digestive secretory fluids with high bicarbonate and high pH
      values: bile, pancreatic juice, and saliva. Each is subject to development of
      CaCO3-containing stones. In bile, calcium precipitation is a requisite event in
      the initiation and growth of all pigment gallstones and is postulated to initiate
      cholesterol gallstone formation by forming a nidus for cholesterol precipitation.
      In the pancreas, stones in both humans and cattle are composed largely of
      calcite. Knowledge of appropriate solubility product constant (K'sp) values is
      essential in defining lithogenicity in each of these secretions. Only two studies
      of calcite solubility at physiologic total ionic strength (u) have been found,
      both of which used total calcium measurements to estimate free Ca++ ion in
      calculating K'sp. The Ca++ electrode has allowed a fresh appraisal of this
      problem. Studies of calcite were made at 24 degrees C and 37 degrees C and u =
      0.16 mol/L over an 11-day period. At each temperature, pH declined slightly with
      time, reflecting atmospheric CO2 uptake. As predicted by theory, this decline was
      associated with increase in free Ca++ ion and total calcium concentration, but
      K'sp remained constant because of corresponding decline in [CO=3]. Mean K'sp at
      24 degrees C was 1.33 +/- 0.04 X 10(-8) mol/L, and at 37 degrees C it was 3.76 +/
      0.09 X 10(-8) mol/L. A lithogenicity diagram, applicable to bile, pancreatic
      juice, saliva, plasma, and other body fluids at u = 0.16 mol/L, is presented for
      [Ca++]sat, the free Ca++ ion concentration at the limit of a stable thermodynamic
      state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4067376
TI  - External and internal standards in the single-isotope derivative (radioenzymatic)
      measurement of plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine.
AB  - In plasma from normal humans (n = 9, 35 samples) and from patients with diabetes
      mellitus (n = 12, 24 samples) single-isotope derivative (radioenzymatic) plasma
      norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations calculated from external standard
      curves constructed in a normal plasma pool were identical to those calculated
      from internal standards added to an aliquot of each plasma sample. In plasma from
      patients with end-stage renal failure receiving long-term dialysis (n = 34, 109
      samples), competitive catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitory activity
      resulted in a systematic error when external standards in a normal plasma pool
      were used, as reported previously; values so calculated averaged 21% (+/- 12%,
      SD) lower than those calculated from internal standards. However, when external
      standard curves were constructed in plasma from a given patient with renal
      failure and used to calculate that patient's values, or in a renal failure plasma
      pool and used to calculate all renal failure values, norepinephrine and
      epinephrine concentrations were not significantly different from those calculated
      from internal standards. We conclude: (1) External standard curves constructed in
      plasma from a given patient with renal failure can be used to measure
      norepinephrine and epinephrine in plasma from that patient; further, external
      standards in a renal failure plasma pool can be used for assays in patients with
      end-stage renal failure receiving long-term dialysis. (2) Major COMT inhibitory
      activity is not present commonly if samples from patients with renal failure are
      excluded. Thus, it would appear that external standard curves constructed in
      normal plasma can be used to measure norepinephrine and epinephrine precisely in
      samples from persons who do not have renal failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4067377
TI  - A model for involutional bone loss.
AB  - Bone mass of the total skeleton and distal radius were measured by in vivo
      neutron activation analysis and single photon absorptiometry, respectively, in
      403 healthy white women and 151 healthy white men. In addition, the density of L
      2 to L-4 (bone mineral content of the spine [BMCs]) was measured by dual photon
      absorptiometry in 159 of these women and in 56 women with the vertebral crush
      fracture syndrome. The rate of loss of total body calcium (TBCa) and bone mineral
      content of the radius (BMCr) was linear in men and was slower than in women. The
      best fit for TBCa and the bone mineral content of the distal radius and spine as
      a function of age in women was with a two-phase regression. The TBCa and BMCr
      could be used as well as BMCs to identify women with crush fractures. The ratios
      of BMCs/TBCa, BMCs/BMCr, and TBCa/BMCr did not differ among women with crush
      fractures and age-matched normal individuals. Our data do not support the
      hypothesis that women with vertebral crush fractures have preferential loss of
      spinal bone.

PMID- 4067378
TI  - Urokinase-type plasminogen activator in alveolar macrophages and bronchoalveolar
      lavage fluid from normal and smoke-exposed hamsters and humans.
AB  - Our purpose was to identify and characterize plasminogen activator (PA) activity
      in alveolar macrophages (AMs) and lower respiratory tract fluid from hamsters and
      humans. Freshly harvested hamster AMs had barely detectable PA intracellularly
      and no detectable activity in concentrated lavage fluid. PA secretion was
      detected in conditioned media of hamster AMs. Secretion was enhanced sixfold by
      phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and suppressed by dexamethasone. In contrast to
      hamsters, PA activity was readily detected in lysates of freshly harvested human
      AMs and lavage fluid. However, secretion of PA by human AMs was not detected, and
      neither PMA nor dexamethasone affected PA activity. PA from hamster or human AMs
      has a urokinase-type enzyme with molecular weights of 49,000 or 55,000,
      respectively. Cigarette smoking did not alter PA activity by hamster or human
      AMs.

PMID- 4067379
TI  - Do serum aluminum levels reflect underlying skeletal aluminum accumulation and
      bone histology before or after chelation by deferoxamine?
AB  - Patients undergoing dialysis may accumulate tissue aluminum burdens, and are at
      risk of developing two aluminum-associated syndromes, namely dialysis
      osteomalacia and encephalopathy. We address the clinical usefulness of serum
      aluminum levels in the diagnosis of dialysis osteomalacia. Twenty-four patients,
      15 with dialysis osteomalacia and nine with clinically apparent secondary
      hyperparathyroidism, had serum aluminum levels measured before and after a
      standard infusion of a chelating agent, deferoxamine (DFO). Baseline serum
      aluminum levels were regarded as "high" (greater than 133 micrograms/L) if they
      exceeded 1 SD above the mean (74 micrograms/L) for a larger population of 152
      patients undergoing routine hemodialysis. All patients had a bone biopsy for
      assessment of aluminum deposits by a specific histochemical stain. High serum
      aluminum levels had a diagnostic sensitivity of 60% in predicting those patients
      ultimately shown to have dialysis osteomalacia associated with histochemical
      evidence of aluminum accumulation in bone biopsy specimens; however, 40% of
      patients with histologic evidence of dialysis osteomalacia would have been missed
      if only serum aluminum had been used as a diagnostic test. Serum aluminum levels
      (+/- SEM) were 194 +/- 31 micrograms/L in patients with dialysis osteomalacia and
      120 +/- 42 micrograms/L in those with secondary hyperparathyroidism (P greater
      than 0.05). Serum aluminum levels rose in all patients after DFO infusion to peak
      levels of 664 +/- 110 and 514 +/- 90 micrograms/L in patients with osteomalacia
      and hyperparathyroidism, respectively. However, neither the peak serum aluminum
      level nor its increment after DFO infusion distinguished between patients with
      osteomalacia and secondary hyperparathyroidism more effectively than did the
      baseline serum aluminum level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4067380
TI  - Urinary citrate excretion in normal persons and patients with idiopathic calcium
      urolithiasis.
AB  - The 24-hour urinary excretion of citrate was measured in 83 normal persons and in
      132 consecutive patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis, uninfected urine,
      and normal renal function. The urinary excretion of citrate in normal men was not
      significantly different from that in normal women (P greater than 0.05). There
      was a significant (P less than 0.001) increase of urinary citrate excretion with
      increasing age in normal persons. No increase of urinary citrate excretion with
      age was demonstrated in stone formers. There was no statistically significant
      difference between active and inactive stone formers in regard to regression of
      the citrate/calcium ratio or the citrate/uric acid ratio, and there was no
      difference in these ratios between men and women considered separately or in
      subgroups by hypercalciuria or hyperuricuria or by individual age. Hypocitraturia
      was found in 29.2% of patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis. No
      relationship could be demonstrated between the 24-hour urinary excretion of
      citrate and severity of stone disease before presentation at our clinic or the
      frequency of stone growth or new stone formation at follow-up. Twenty-two of 35
      patients with hypocitraturia had multiple urinary citrate measurements. In 15 of
      these 22 patients, at least one normal urinary citrate measurement was obtained.
      Further prospective study is required to establish the value of urinary citrate
      determinations in patients consuming an uncontrolled diet in an outpatient
      setting.

PMID- 4067381
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and metabolic interrelationships among branched-chain keto and
      amino acids in humans.
AB  - Equimolar loads (0.55 mmol/kg) of alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (KICA) or alpha-keto
      beta-methyl-n-valeric acid (KMVA), leucine, or isoleucine were given to healthy
      human subjects. Branched-chain keto acid (BCKA) and amino acid (BCAA) blood
      levels increased severalfold within minutes for greater than 3 hours. Time course
      and magnitude of the increments were different for each substance. Keto acids
      augmented the concentrations of their corresponding amino acids, and amino acids
      those of the respective keto acids. Each individual keto or amino acid affected
      all other constituents of the BCKA-BCAA pool. KICA and leucine greatly diminished
      KMVA, isoleucine, alpha-ketoisovaleric acid, and valine concentrations in blood.
      Leucine and isoleucine increased significantly more in response to leucine or
      isoleucine than to administration of equimolar loads of KICA or KMVA. The data
      suggest that an inappropriate increase in KICA or leucine in BCKA- or BCAA
      containing supplements may stimulate the catabolism of BCKAs and BCAAs.
      Furthermore, if keto acid-containing supplements are given to increase low
      leucine, isoleucine, or valine concentrations, the dose must be significantly
      higher than for amino acid-containing supplements.

PMID- 4067383
TI  - Laryngeal nerve injury during thyroid surgery.

PMID- 4067382
TI  - Failure to detect variant (CRM+) plasma thromboplastin antecedent (factor XI)
      molecules in hereditary plasma thromboplastin antecedent deficiency: a study of
      125 patients of several ethnic backgrounds.
AB  - Plasma samples of 125 patients from 80 kindreds with hereditary plasma
      thromboplastin antecedent (PTA, factor XI) deficiency were tested by factor XI
      radioimmunoassay (RIA) and electroimmunoassay (EIA) in an attempt to detect
      variant molecules. Ninety-six patients (70 kindreds) were Jewish, and 29 (10
      kindreds) were of other ethnic backgrounds, namely, Japanese, black American,
      Korean, Arab, Indian, and English. Seventy-eight patients were homozygotes, and
      47 were heterozygotes. Both non-Jewish homozygotes and heterozygotes had lower
      factor XI activity than respective Jewish subjects. Twenty-eight homozygotes
      whose factor XI clotting activities (XI:C) were 1.5% to 13% had factor XI-related
      antigen (XI:RAG) levels less than 10% by EIA. In 72 homozygotes, including 22
      patients who were also tested with EIA, XI:C was 2.9% +/- 3.0% (mean +/- SD) and
      XI:RAG tested by RIA, 2.9% +/- 3.0%. In 47 heterozygotes, XI:C and XI:RAG tested
      by RIA were 51.9% +/- 16.6% and 51.0% +/- 16.2%, respectively. Similar results
      were obtained when only unrelated patients (62 homozygotes and 27 heterozygotes)
      were analyzed. There was a highly significant correlation between XI:C and XI:RAG
      (RIA) in 38 homozygotes and 47 heterozygotes (r = 0.94, n = 85, P less than
      0.001). Thus, we failed to identify functionally abnormal factor XI molecules
      (CRM+ variant) in these patients with hereditary factor XI deficiency.

PMID- 4067384
TI  - Post-cholecystectomy symptoms. An enigmatic problem.

PMID- 4067385
TI  - Percutaneous nephrostolithotomy. An alternative to open renal surgery.

PMID- 4067386
TI  - The role of inheritance in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

PMID- 4067387
TI  - Suppurative puerperal ovarian vein thrombophlebitis.

PMID- 4067388
TI  - The pulmonary manifestations of systemic sclerosis.

PMID- 4067389
TI  - Scanning electronic microscopy of sialit-preserved total middle-ear grafts.
AB  - Twelve middle ears from human cadavers, prepared for total grafting and preserved
      in sialit (1:5000) for more than 10-12 months, were studied with the aid of a
      scanning microscope. Such investigations have not been reported before in the
      medical literature. The observed de-epithelialization of most of the membrane and
      of the ossicles and the distortion of the joints in the transmission apparatus
      are considered to be results of the prolonged preservation in sialit. The
      mesenchymal structures are well preserved an this may indicate that, after
      grafting, revascularization occurs along the lumina of the 'empty' vessels.
      Because of this finding it might be considered that the maximum duration of
      preservation in sialit should be no longer than 10-12 months.

PMID- 4067390
TI  - The effect of bath water, sea water and swimming pool water on the guinea pig
      middle ear.

PMID- 4067391
TI  - Suboccipital approach in the removal of acoustic neuromas.
AB  - Modern expertise by neurosurgeons has made the suboccipital route the approach of
      choice in removal of acoustic neuromas. In addition to assisting the
      neurosurgeon, the role of the otolaryngologist should now be extended to provide
      re-education of physicians in order to achieve earlier referral and consequent
      early diagnosis.

PMID- 4067392
TI  - Curving effect of scarification or unilateral perichondrial lining on septal
      cartilage from human autopsy material.
AB  - From 20 cadavers septal cartilage was removed within 48 hours of death. From each
      cartilage four strips were prepared, two with preserved perichondrium on one
      surface and the other two not. On one strip from each group scarification was
      performed through about half the cartilage thickness. The curving of the
      cartilage strips was measured immediately after scarification and 5 h thereafter.
      The 17 mm. long strips showed a mean curving due to the scarification of 1.06
      mm., 80 per cent of which occurred immediately after the scarification. It was
      demonstrated also that a unilaterally intact perichondrial lining per se entailed
      a curving averaging 0.52 mm., an effect which did not occur within the course of
      5 h. Both effects were highly significant. It was not possible to demonstrate any
      correlation between these effects and donor age, cartilage thickness or
      orientation in the septum.

PMID- 4067393
TI  - Relevance of the conventional Waters' view in evaluating chronic bacterial
      maxillary sinusitis.
AB  - Considerable controversy exists as to whether X-ray examination of the sinuses is
      a reliable diagnostic guide or not, in cases of chronic bacterial maxillary
      sinusitis, as many factors apart from infection in the sinuses may produce
      radiographic signs on the X-ray film. With those facts in mind, it was decided to
      investigate the diagnostic reliability of Waters' view in these cases. The
      present work showed that radiographic signs of chronic maxillary sinusitis have
      different diagnostic and predictive reliabilities ranging from the almost
      complete inaccuracy of reduced translucency or 'veiling' of the sinus to the
      perfect validity of 'fluid levels' or polyps within the sinus. In general, while
      Waters' view undoubtedly yields valuable information regarding maxillary sinus
      pathology, nevertheless the presence of various sources of error while exposing
      and reading the film should make one appreciate that radiographic diagnosis is
      not absolute and should only be considered in the light of the clinical findings
      and possibly other investigations.

PMID- 4067394
TI  - Radiological assessment of pharyngeal integrity after total laryngectomy.

PMID- 4067395
TI  - The thyroid gland in the management of carcinoma of the larynx and
      laryngopharynx.

PMID- 4067396
TI  - Conservative surgical management of invasive differentiated thyroid cancer.
AB  - The majority of well differentiated thyroid carcinoma are tumours of low grade
      malignancy. Laryngotracheal invasion by well differentiated thyroid carcinoma is
      an uncommon occurrence. The surgical management of patients with thyroid cancer
      invading the upper airway has primarily been by total laryngectomy. Other
      surgeons recommend in selected cases partial laryngeal and/or tracheal resection.
      A total of 122 patients with thyroid carcinoma were treated in our department
      between 1967 and 1982. Only seven patients with well differentiated tumours had
      airway invasion. In these seven patients we used a partial laryngeal and/or
      tracheal resection. In three of the patients with tracheal invasion a
      myoperichondrial flap was used for closing the tracheal defect. A partial
      resection of the larynx and trachea, and end to end anastomosis between the
      trachea and the remaining part of the larynx was performed in another four
      patients. The techniques used and a long-term follow-up are presented (Table I).

PMID- 4067397
TI  - Electrocochleographic changes in acute salicylate overdosage.

PMID- 4067398
TI  - Rhinocerebral phycomycosis; combined approach therapy: case report.

PMID- 4067399
TI  - Plasmacytoma of the nasopharynx (a case report with a follow-up of twelve years).
AB  - A case of plasmacytoma of the nasopharynx with a 12-year follow-up is reported.
      The difficulty in clinical and histological diagnosis is stressed. Despite the
      development of multiple metastatic lesions, repeated investigations for multiple
      myeloma were consistently negative. The patient was treated with a combination of
      radiotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy at different stages of the disease.

PMID- 4067400
TI  - Acute non-tuberculous retropharyngeal abscess in adults (case reports of three
      patients).
AB  - Acute non-tuberculous retropharyngeal abscess in adults usually occurs after
      trauma to the pharynx and oesophagus. However, it may present secondarily to head
      and neck infection and should be borne in mind when dealing with patients who
      complain of cervical pain. The probable route of spread is via the lymphatics to
      a persistent retropharyngeal lymph node. Rarely, the abscess may occur
      spontaneously. The abscess can be drained safely via a transoral route, as in
      children, or by an external route.

PMID- 4067401
TI  - Chronic non-specific granulomatous epiglottitis.

PMID- 4067402
TI  - Persistent cavernous haemangioma of the larynx--a pregnancy problem.

PMID- 4067403
TI  - Multiple salivary calculi in Wharton's duct.
AB  - Multiple salivary calculi in Wharton's duct are rare, particularly in children;
      indeed, we have not come across any references to this particular condition in
      children.

PMID- 4067404
TI  - Assessment of bullet injuries in the neck (a salutory lesson).
AB  - Bullet injuries in the neck are fortunately rare in England and Wales, although
      their incidence is increasing. Clinical assessment of the extent of the injury
      and the decision whether or not to explore the neck in the absence of obvious
      major visceral or vascular damage can be difficult. We report a case where a
      potentially fatal injury was not suggested by the patient's clinical condition
      and we recommend prompt exploration of bullet wounds in the neck whenever there
      is a possibility of vascular damage.

PMID- 4067405
TI  - Spent-bullet injuries in the head and neck region (report of seven cases).

PMID- 4067406
TI  - A commentary on vision training.

PMID- 4067407
TI  - Learning disabilities: past and present.

PMID- 4067408
TI  - Depressive illness and learning difficulties: research needs and practical
      implications.

PMID- 4067409
TI  - Woodcock analogies: effect of additional practice and instruction for learning
      disabled students.

PMID- 4067410
TI  - Comparisons of the K-ABC and WISC-R for LD children.

PMID- 4067411
TI  - Teaching basic academic skills to learning disabled students: a model of the
      teaching-learning process.

PMID- 4067412
TI  - Managing the mainstream: an analysis of teacher attitudes and student performance
      in mainstream high school programs.

PMID- 4067413
TI  - The effects of a strategy and sequenced materials on the inferential
      comprehension of disabled readers.

PMID- 4067414
TI  - Social competence and behavioral problems of learning disabled boys aged 6-11.

PMID- 4067415
TI  - Synthesis of potential cholelitholytic agents: 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha
      trihydroxy-7 beta-methyl-5 beta-cholanoic acid, 3 alpha,7 beta,12 alpha
      trihydroxy-7 alpha-methyl-5 beta-cholanoic acid, and 3 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy-7
      xi-methyl-5 beta-cholanoic acid.
AB  - This report describes the chemical synthesis of six new bile acid analogs,
      namely, 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-7 beta-methyl-5 beta-cholanoic acid
      (7 beta-methyl-cholic acid), 3 alpha,7 beta,12 alpha-trihydroxy-7 alpha-methyl-5
      beta-cholanoic acid (7 alpha-methyl-ursocholic acid), 3 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy
      7 xi-methyl-5 beta-cholanoic acid (7 xi-methyl-deoxycholic acid), 3 alpha,12
      alpha-dihydroxy-7-methyl-5 beta-chol-7-en-24-oic acid, 3 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy
      7-methyl-5 beta-chol-6-en-24-oic acid, and 3 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy-7-methylene
      5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid. The carboxyl group of the starting material 3 alpha,12
      alpha-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5 beta-cholanoic acid was protected by conversion to its
      oxazoline derivative. A Grignard reaction of the bile acid oxazoline with CH3MgI
      followed by acid hydrolysis gave two epimeric trihydroxy-7-methyl-cholanoic acids
      and three dehydration products. The latter were purified by silica gel column
      chromatography and silica gel-AgNO3 column chromatography of their methyl ester
      derivatives. Catalytic hydrogenation of 3 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy-7-methyl-5
      beta-chol-6-en-24-oic acid and 3 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy-7-methylene-5 beta
      cholan-24-oic acid gave 3 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy-7 xi-methyl-5 beta-cholanoic
      acid. The configuration of the 7-methyl groups and the position of the double
      bonds were assigned by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and the
      chromatographic and mass spectrometric properties of the new compounds. These
      compounds were synthesized for the purpose of exploring new and potentially more
      effective cholelitholytic agents. The hydrophilic bile acids 7 beta-methyl-cholic
      acid and 7 alpha-methyl-ursocholic acid are of particular interest because they
      should be resistant to bacterial 7-dehydroxylation.

PMID- 4067416
TI  - Interaction of arterial cells. I. Endothelial cells alter cholesterol metabolism
      in co-cultured smooth muscle cells.
AB  - Results of previous in vivo experiments indicated that the presence of arterial
      endothelium modifies cholesteryl ester (CE) metabolism and the retention of low
      density lipoproteins (LDL) in injured arteries. We describe herein the effects of
      bovine arterial endothelial cells (ENDO) on the CE cycle, fluid phase
      endocytosis, and cell proliferation in co-cultured bovine arterial smooth muscle
      cells (SMC). Following several days of cultivation on confluent SMC, ENDO were
      removed from SMC by treatment of the co-cultures with 1.0% collagenase (type II).
      Removal of only ENDO from the co-culture dishes was confirmed by
      immunofluorescent staining for Factor VIII antigen, hemotoxylin-eosin staining,
      and biochemical analyses. We observed that ENDO grown to 75% confluency on
      confluent SMC induced: 1) a reduction of CE hydrolysis as a result of decreased
      lysosomal CE hydrolytic activity in SMC as compared to SMC cultured alone; and 2)
      an increase in the rate of incorporation of labeled oleate into CE as a result of
      increased acyl CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase activity in SMC as compared to
      SMC cultured alone. Neither endothelial cell-derived culture media (ECDM) nor
      fibroblasts modulated CE metabolism in co-cultured SMC. Additional experiments
      showed that the presence of endothelial cells or ECDM decreased the proliferation
      of co-cultured SMC by 50%, but enhanced the endocytotic rate of labeled sucrose
      into SMC threefold. Results of experiments described herein demonstrate that, in
      addition to providing a thrombo-resistant surface and regulating permeability,
      endothelial cells may also serve to modulate cholesteryl ester metabolism in
      smooth muscle cells derived from the arterial wall.

PMID- 4067417
TI  - Cholesterol exchange and synthesis in the live rat.
AB  - The turnover of plasma cholesterol and de novo cholesterol synthesis were
      measured simultaneously in the live rat, immediately after administration of
      [3H]water together with a large volume exchange transfusion of whole blood
      prelabeled with [14C]cholesterol. It was possible to separate the exchange of
      unesterified cholesterol from the uptake and secretion of lipoprotein cholesteryl
      ester, and also to assess the impact of plasma cholesterol exchange on the
      measurement of in vivo rates of cholesterolgenesis by individual tissues.
      Cholesterol was measured by an HPLC procedure that effectively separated
      cholesterol from other structurally similar sterols, and synthesis was determined
      by the incorporation of [3H]water into cholesterol. Plasma unesterified
      cholesterol turnover was multiphasic and exceedingly rapid (initial T1/2, 4.1
      min) in contrast to the near linear and much slower turnover of plasma
      cholesteryl ester (initial T1/2, 59.4 min). Plasma unesterified cholesterol
      equilibrated with different tissues at different rates, with the liver and
      adrenal equilibrating most rapidly. Full equilibration of plasma unesterified
      cholesterol was not achieved with any tissue during the course of this study. For
      rapidly exchanging tissues like the liver, which was responsible for about 60% of
      plasma unesterified cholesterol exchange, unesterified cholesterol appeared to be
      kinetically compartmentalized into rapidly, and much less rapidly, exchangeable
      pools. After [3H]water administration, the content of newly synthesized
      cholesterol was greatest in the liver, adrenal, and intestine, and appreciably
      lower in all other tissues studied. Hepatectomy and intestinal resection resulted
      in a profound reduction of newly synthesized cholesterol in the plasma and
      adrenal, but no certain change in the already low amounts at other sites. Thus,
      while it is clear that appreciable amounts of newly synthesized cholesterol in
      the adrenal were derived from the plasma by exchange, it was not possible to make
      this assessment for other selected individual tissues. When, however, newly
      synthesized cholesterol was determined in the total mass of all extrahepatic and
      extraintestinal tissues together, exchange could be calculated to account for
      close to 50% of the new cholesterol recovered in the carcass (in studies of 60
      min duration). After correcting for exchange, the liver accounted for 82% of all
      newly synthesized cholesterol, the intestine for about 10%, and the remaining
      tissues of the body for just 9%. These results are in marked contrast to recent
      findings of others and demonstrate that in the live rat cholesterol synthesis is
      principally confined to the liver.

PMID- 4067418
TI  - Retinoids, retinoid-binding proteins, and retinyl palmitate hydrolase
      distributions in different types of rat liver cells.
AB  - A study was conducted to determine the levels and distributions of retinoids,
      retinol-binding protein (RBP), retinyl palmitate hydrolase (RPH), cellular
      retinol-binding protein (CRBP), and cellular retinoic acid-binding protein
      (CRABP) in different types of isolated liver cells. Highly purified fractions of
      parenchymal, fat-storing (stellate), endothelial, and Kupffer cells were isolated
      in high yield from rat livers. The retinoid content of each fraction was measured
      by HPLC analysis. RBP, CRBP, and CRABP were measured by sensitive and specific
      radioimmunoassays, and RPH activity was measured by a sensitive microassay. The
      concentrations of each parameter expressed per 10(6) parenchymal or fat-storing
      cells were, respectively: retinoids, 1.5 and 83.9 micrograms of retinol
      equivalents; RBP, 138 and 7.4 ng; RPH, 826 and 1152 pmol FFA formed hr-1; CRBP,
      470 and 236 ng; and CRABP, 5.6 and 8.7 ng. When these data were expressed on the
      basis of per unit mass of cellular protein, the concentrations of RPH, CRBP, and
      CRABP in the fat-storing cells, which contain 10-fold less protein than the large
      parenchymal cells, were seen to be greatly enriched over parenchymal cells. The
      parenchymal cells contained approximately 9% of the total retinoids, 98% of the
      total RBP, 90% of the total RPH activity, 91% of the total CRBP, and 71% of the
      total CRABP found in the liver. The fat-storing cells accounted for approximately
      88% of the total retinoids, 0.7% of the total RBP, 10% of the RPH activity, 8% of
      the total CRBP, and 21% of the CRABP in the liver. The endothelial and Kupffer
      cell fractions contained very low levels of all of these parameters. Thus, the
      large and abundant parenchymal cells account for greater than 70% of the liver's
      RBP, RPH, CRBP, and CRABP; but the much smaller and less abundant fat-storing
      cells contain the majority of hepatic retinoids and greatly enriched
      concentrations of RPH, CRBP, and CRABP.

PMID- 4067419
TI  - Characterization of plasma lipoproteins of grain- and cholesterol-fed White
      Carneau and Show Racer pigeons.
AB  - Plasma cholesterol concentrations from White Carneau (WC) and Show Racer (SR)
      pigeons consuming a cholesterol-free grain diet averaged about 300 mg/dl,
      approximately 200 mg/dl as high density lipoproteins (HDL) and the remainder as
      low density lipoproteins (LDL). Consumption of a cholesterol-containing diet
      increased plasma cholesterol concentrations in both breeds to greater than 2000
      mg/dl. Approximately one-half of this increase was as LDL with the remainder as
      beta-migrating very low density lipoproteins (beta-VLDL). There was little change
      in HDL concentration. LDL from cholesterol-fed animals had a greater net negative
      charge than control LDL, and was larger (Mr = 10 X 10(6) vs 3.2 X 10(60)) due to
      an increase in the number of cholesteryl ester molecules per particle. The
      principal apoprotein of LDL was apoB-100 with smaller amounts of apoA-I and
      several minor unidentified apoproteins. beta-VLDL was cholesteryl ester-rich,
      could be separated into two size populations by gel chromatography, and contained
      apoB-100 as its principal apoprotein. Apoprotein E was not detected in any of the
      plasma lipoproteins. HDL from control and cholesterol-fed animals was composed of
      a single class of particles with virtually identical composition resembling HDL2.
      The major apoprotein of HDL was apoA-I. There were no consistent quantitative or
      qualitative differences in the lipoproteins of the two breeds of pigeons that
      could help to explain the susceptibility to atherosclerosis of the WC or the
      resistance of the SR.

PMID- 4067420
TI  - Influence of lecithin acyl chain composition on the kinetics of exchange between
      chylomicrons and high density lipoproteins.
AB  - The kinetics of lecithin exchange between native lipoproteins was characterized
      for individual molecular species of lecithins of rat mesenteric lymph
      chylomicrons and rat plasma HDL. Studies were performed in the absence of lipid
      transfer proteins. Donor (chylomicrons) and acceptor (HDL) particles were present
      in ratios of 1:1 and 1:10 with respect to total phospholipid. Biphasic exchange
      kinetics were observed for all major lecithins common to chylomicrons and HDL at
      both proportions of donor to acceptor particles. During the early rapid phase of
      exchange, complete in about 30 min, 40-60% of the total lecithin pool was
      exchanged. Initial exchange rates were most rapid for the more hydrophilic
      species of the major lecithins normally present in both lipoproteins. Calculated
      activation energies correspondingly were least for a diunsaturated lecithin (18:1
      20:4), intermediate for lecithins were 16:0 in position-1 (16:0-18:2 and 16:0
      20:4), and highest for analogous lecithins with 18:0 in position-1. A 10-fold
      increase in the ratio of acceptor to donor particles affected neither the
      biphasic nature of the exchange nor the rates of exchange of individual molecular
      species (consistent with exchange by diffusion rather than by particle
      collisions). Total equilibration of individual molecular lecithin species was
      achieved by 24 hr (37 degrees C, donor to acceptor ratio of 1:1) with only a
      small change in the relative mass of lecithins in chylomicrons and HDL. Novel
      lecithins containing 18:3, incorporated into chylomicrons, were found to exchange
      exceedingly rapidly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4067421
TI  - Bile acid synthesis in rat liver peroxisomes: metabolism of 26-hydroxycholesterol
      to 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid.
AB  - Rat liver peroxisomes have been found to oxidize 26-hydroxycholesterol, the
      product of cholesterol C-26 hydroxylation to 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid.
      Peroxisomes were purified by differential and equilibrium density centrifugation
      in a steep linear metrizamide gradient to greater than 95% purity. Purity of
      peroxisomes was determined by measurement of specific marker enzymes. The
      activities of cytochrome oxidase (a mitochondrial marker) and acid phosphatase (a
      lysosomal marker) in the purified peroxisome fractions were below the level of
      detection. Esterase activity indicated a 2-4% microsomal contamination.
      Subsequent to incubation of peroxisomes with [16,22-3H]-26-hydroxycholesterol,
      the reaction products were extracted, methylated, acetylated, and subjected to
      thin-layer, high pressure liquid, and gas-liquid chromatographic analyses. 3 beta
      Hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid was the major identifiable metabolite of 26
      hydroxycholesterol. Incubations of pure microsomal fractions (greater than 99%)
      with 26-hydroxycholesterol under the same conditions demonstrated that the
      production of 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid by peroxisomes was not attributable
      to microsomal contamination. This study demonstrates that peroxisomes participate
      in the side-chain oxidation of intermediates in bile acid synthesis.

PMID- 4067422
TI  - A novel approach to structure proof of glyceryl ether-containing
      glycerophospholipids. Base-catalyzed methanolysis of platelet-activating factor
      (AGEPC) at 60 degrees C.
AB  - A novel reaction was explored in which synthetic platelet-activating factor, 1-O
      alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (AGEPC), upon treatment with 1 N NaOH
      in methanol at 60 degrees C for 20 min, sequentially released the acetyl group,
      then the choline moiety with concomitant formation of the monomethyl ester of 1-O
      alkyl-glycero-phosphoric acid. A mechanism is proposed in which a transient
      cyclic phosphate intermediate is formed and then attacked by a CH3O moiety to
      yield a mixture of the sn-2 and sn-3 methyl esters. Proof of structure of the
      monomethyl ester derivative was achieved through the use of thin-layer
      chromatography, aluminum oxide chromatography, and examination of the
      trimethylsilyl derivative of the monomethyl ester by gas-liquid chromatography
      mass spectrometry. Replacement of the acyl group on the 2 position with an ethyl
      or methyl residue completely prevented any attack by 1 N NaOH in methanol at 60
      degrees C. Sphingomyelin was not attacked and only acetate removal was noted with
      1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine under similar conditions. The
      significance of these findings as they relate to the influence of substituents on
      the chemical and biological reactivity of AGEPC is discussed.

PMID- 4067423
TI  - Lipoproteins of the extravascular space: enhanced macrophage degradation of low
      density lipoproteins from interstitial inflammatory fluid.
AB  - Current evidence has demonstrated that cholesteryl ester-loaded macrophages are
      important components of the atherosclerotic lesion. Additional studies have
      implicated low density lipoproteins (LDL) and circulating monocytes as central to
      the origin of lipid-laden foam cells found in the arterial wall. This is a result
      of the finding of accelerated macrophage uptake of LDL chemically modified by
      reaction with malondialdehyde (MDA-LDL), acetic anhydride (Ac-LDL), or incubation
      with arterial cells in vitro. In concert with these chemical modifications, we
      have previously demonstrated selective in vivo modification of LDL isolated from
      interstitial inflammatory fluid (IF) of the rabbit. Utilizing the polyvinyl
      sponge implant model, we reported that IF-LDL had an altered chemical
      composition, electrophoretic mobility, and particle size distribution when
      compared to LDL isolated from homologous plasma (WP-LDL). In this study reported
      herein, we examined the metabolism of IF-LDL by resident mouse peritoneal
      macrophages (MPM) in culture. IF-LDL was degraded substantially faster by MPM,
      and resulted in a substantial increase in cellular cholesteryl ester when
      compared to cells incubated with WP-LDL. IF-LDL binding to MPM was inhibited by
      Ac-LDL derived from WP-LDL, but only minimally by unmodified WP-LDL. Transmission
      electron microscopy of MPM revealed extensive lipid deposition in cells incubated
      with Ac-LDL and IF-LDL. These results implicate LDL from interstitial
      inflammatory fluid as an in vivo modified lipoprotein that can enhance uptake via
      the acetyl LDL receptor pathway in resident macrophages.

PMID- 4067424
TI  - Comparison of gradient gel electrophoresis and zonal ultracentrifugation for
      quantitation of high density lipoproteins.
AB  - The study was conducted to compare gradient gel electrophoresis (GGE) and zonal
      ultracentrifugation for quantitation of human plasma high density lipoproteins
      (HDL). Plasma samples were obtained from seven normal subjects consuming a high
      fat diet (65% total calories) followed by a high carbohydrate diet (65% total
      calories). HDL were fractionated into HDL2 and HDL3 by zonal ultracentrifugation
      and lipid and protein mass were determined. HDL were also fractionated by GGE and
      the results were compared to the zonal method. Zonally isolated HDL2 represented
      a homogeneous particle population that was equivalent to HDL2b as determined by
      GGE. By the zonal method, HDL2 accounted for 27 +/- 4% (mean +/- SEM) of total
      HDL mass in subjects on the high fat diet as compared to 16 +/- 2% in subjects
      fed the high carbohydrate diet; by GGE, the HDL2b values were 27 +/- 4% and 14 +/
      1%, respectively. The coefficient of correlation (n = 25) for the two methods
      was 0.894 (P less than 0.001).

PMID- 4067426
TI  - Longitudinal study of adipose cell size in the dorsoscapular and perirenal depots
      of the growing rabbit.
AB  - The changes in fat cell size during normal growth of New Zealand rabbits were
      investigated longitudinally with serial dorsoscapular and perirenal fat biopsies.
      A remarkably complex pattern of changes appeared when individual evolutions were
      considered. About 50% of the rabbits were characterized by "significant drops" of
      mean diameter during fat tissue growth with shifting of distributions toward the
      smaller cells. These "drops" could not be attributed to regional variation
      observed within each depot or to growth or food intake disorders. Differences in
      behavior of perirenal and dorsoscapular depots were noted. The "drops" occurred
      earlier in perirenal than in dorsoscapular depots. The meaning of these "drops"
      remains unclear, but the results suggest that they may be due to a discontinuous
      recruitment of new observable cells. These results are discussed in relation to
      the hypothesis of a "critical size" of adipocytes.

PMID- 4067425
TI  - Effects of storage on the distribution of high density lipoprotein subfractions
      in human sera.
AB  - The current growing interest in the separation of the high density lipoprotein
      (HDL) subfractions suggested a comparative analysis of the HDL2 and HDL3
      distribution in fresh and stored serum samples. Human sera were processed by rate
      zonal ultracentrifugation in a swinging bucket rotor, immediately after
      collection and after a 7-day storage at 4 degrees C, both in the presence and in
      the absence of 5.1 M sodium bromide. Samples stored in absence of salt show a
      marked decrease of the HDL3 mass, a reduction of its flotation rate, and
      significant changes in the lipid composition. The HDL2 concentration and
      composition are not altered by storage. The reported findings indicate that
      significant HDL3 modifications may occur in serum samples stored at 4 degrees C;
      these changes can be prevented by the addition of high concentrations of salt
      before storage.

PMID- 4067427
TI  - Evidence for non-equilibrating pools of apolipoprotein C-III in plasma
      lipoproteins.
AB  - Using immunoaffinity chromatography to isolate apoC-III from radiolabeled
      lipoproteins for direct determination of specific radioactivity, we have studied
      the metabolism of human apoC-III in VLDL and in HDL following the bolus injection
      of 125I-labeled VLDL. Transfer of apoC-III radioactivity from VLDL to HDL was
      detected in the plasma sample drawn 5 min after injection of the tracer. However,
      the specific radioactivity of apoC-III in VLDL was found to be higher than that
      in HDL, with this difference being maintained throughout the sampling period (48
      72 hr). The ratios of the respective specific activities ranged from 1.2 to 1.9
      in six subjects studied (two normolipidemics and four hypertriglyceridemics).
      When 125I-labeled HDL was injected as the tracer, however, the higher apoC-III
      specific radioactivity was associated with the HDL fraction. This lack of
      complete equilibration of apoC-III between VLDL and HDL in vivo was further
      characterized by in vitro studies using either 125I-labeled VLDL or 125I-labeled
      HDL. All incubations were carried out for 3 hr at 37 degrees C followed by 16 hr
      at 4 degrees C and the apoC-III specific activity in each lipoprotein fraction
      was directly determined after immunoaffinity chromatography. In a study of plasma
      from a mildly hypertriglyceridemic subject in which 125I-labeled VLDL was
      incubated with unlabeled HDL, apoC-III specific activities in VLDL remained 30%
      greater than that in HDL. When 125I-labeled HDL (from the same subject) was
      incubated with unlabeled VLDL of apoC-III, final specific activity in VLDL was
      less than 10% of that of HDL apoC-III. Differences in specific activities were
      also demonstrated when radiolabeled purified apoC-III was exchanged onto VLDL
      prior to its incubation with HDL. A consistent difference in apoC-III specific
      activities in VLDL and HDL was observed after isolation of the particles either
      by molecular sieve chromatography or by ultracentrifugation. These studies
      demonstrated that, while the exchange of apoC-III between VLDL and HDL may be
      very rapid, this equilibration is not complete. Pools of apoC-III that do not
      participate in the equilibration process are present in both the VLDL and HDL
      fractions and could account for 30-60% of the total apoC-III mass in each
      lipoprotein fraction.

PMID- 4067428
TI  - Effects of 1,2-cyclohexanedione modification on the metabolism of very low
      density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B: potential role of receptors in intermediate
      density lipoprotein catabolism.
AB  - The conversion of very low density (VLDL) to low density lipoproteins (LDL) is a
      two-step process. The first step is mediated by lipoprotein lipase, but the
      mechanism responsible for the second is obscure. In this study we examined the
      possible involvement of receptors at this stage. Apolipoprotein B (apoB)
      containing lipoproteins were separated into three fractions, VLDL (Sf 100-400),
      an intermediate fraction IDL (Sf 12-100), and LDL (Sf 0-12). Autologous 125I
      labeled VLDL and 131I-labeled 1,2-cyclohexanedione-modified VLDL were injected
      into the plasma of four normal subjects and the rate of transfer of apoB
      radioactivity was followed through IDL to LDL. Modification did not affect VLDL
      to IDL conversion. Thereafter, however, the catabolism of modified apoB in IDL
      was retarded and its appearance in LDL was delayed. Hence, functional arginine
      residues (and by implication, receptors) are required in this process.
      Confirmation of this was obtained by injecting 125I-labeled IDL and 131I-labeled
      cyclohexanedione-treated IDL into two additional subjects. Again, IDL metabolism
      was delayed by approximately 50% as a result of the modification. These data are
      consistent with the view that receptors are involved in the metabolism of
      intermediate density lipoprotein.

PMID- 4067429
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of bile acids. Development of two
      dimensional NMR methods for the elucidation of proton resonance assignments for
      five common hydroxylated bile acids, and their parent bile acid, 5 beta-cholanoic
      acid.
AB  - The complete 1H nuclear magnetic resonance assignments have been made for the
      common mono-, di-, and trihydroxy 5 beta-cholanoic acids; lithocholic acid,
      chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, cholic acid, and
      the unsubstituted parent compound, 5 beta-cholanoic acid, by heteronuclear
      correlated two-dimensional NMR. The known 13C chemical shifts of these compounds
      were used to make the proton resonance assignments, and consistency of the carbon
      and proton assignments was verified by expected changes due to substituent
      effects. This has led to clarification of previously published 13C NMR resonance
      assignments. Addition of the 3 alpha, 7 alpha, and 12 alpha hydroxyl substituent
      effects derived from the mono- and dihydroxycholanoic acids yielded predicted
      values for proton chemical shifts of the trihydroxy-substituted 5 beta-cholanoic
      acid, cholic acid, that agreed well with experimental values. It is suggested
      that the individual substituent effects can be used to predict proton chemical
      shifts for hydroxycholanic acids containing other combinations of 3 alpha, 7
      alpha, 7 beta, and 12 alpha hydroxyl groups.

PMID- 4067431
TI  - Factors affecting cholesterol monohydrate crystal nucleation time in model
      systems of supersaturated bile.
AB  - We explored the influence of several compositional factors considered capable of
      influencing the nucleation time of model biles supersaturated in cholesterol. In
      addition to the classical techniques, e.g., electron microscopy and quasielastic
      light scattering, employed for size measurement and structural assessment, we
      employed a novel technique, i.e., video-enhanced microscopy, for particle
      evaluation in these polydisperse systems which often may simultaneously contain
      isolated small vesicles, their complex aggregates, and small cholesterol
      monohydrate crystals. The factors we studied included dilution, degree of
      cholesterol supersaturation, bile salt/lecithin molar ratio, and Ca2+
      concentration. Dilution markedly raised the degree of cholesterol saturation,
      prolonged nucleation time for cholesterol monohydrate crystals, and favored
      formation of metastable small unilamellar vesicles. Increasing the degree of
      cholesterol supersaturation as an independent variable in more concentrated
      systems both shortened the nucleation time and favored spontaneous formation of a
      relatively small number of isolated vesicles. A decrease in bile salt/lecithin
      molar ratio within the physiologically relevant range was accompanied by a
      prolonged nucleation time and favored spontaneous vesicle formation. Large
      numbers of small unilamellar vesicles were observed even in concentrated model
      bile solutions (total lipids: 20 g/dl) when the bile salt/lecithin molar ratio
      was 1.9 or less. At physiological concentrations, Ca2+ promoted nucleation of
      cholesterol monohydrate crystals only in vesicle-containing solutions. Taken
      together, the following conclusions can be drawn. First, spontaneous vesicle
      formation in dilute systems prolongs solid cholesterol crystal nucleation. It can
      thus provide a supplementary non-micellar mode of cholesterol transport in
      micellar systems of supersaturated human bile. Second, dilution, degree of
      cholesterol supersaturation, and a decrease in bile salt/lecithin ratio prolong
      cholesterol crystal nucleation time and favor spontaneous vesicle formation. With
      increasing calcium concentrations, opposite effects are observed. Third, the
      presence of vesicles may help to account for the frequently observed and
      otherwise unexplained remarkable degree of metastable supersaturation and
      prolonged metastability (delayed nucleation time) for cholesterol in human bile.

PMID- 4067430
TI  - Relationship of the parameters of body cholesterol metabolism with plasma levels
      of HDL cholesterol and the major HDL apoproteins.
AB  - The inverse relationship between plasma levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL)
      and coronary heart disease rates has suggested that HDL might influence body
      stores of cholesterol. Therefore, we have investigated potential relationships
      between the parameters of body cholesterol metabolism and the plasma levels of
      HDL cholesterol and the major HDL apoproteins. The study involved 55 human
      subjects who underwent long-term cholesterol turnover studies, as well as plasma
      lipoprotein and apolipoprotein assays. In order to maximize the likelihood of
      detecting existing relationships, the subjects were selected to span a wide range
      of plasma levels of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins. Single univariate
      correlation analyses suggested weak but statistically significant inverse
      relationships of HDL cholesterol and apoA-I levels with the following model
      parameters: production rate (PR), the mass of rapidly exchanging body cholesterol
      (M1), the minimum estimate of the mass of slowly exchanging body cholesterol
      (M3min), and of the mass of total exchangeable body cholesterol (Mtotmin). These
      correlations, however, were quantitatively quite small (/r/ = 0.28-0.42) in
      comparison to the strength of the univariate relationships between body weight
      and PR (r = 0.76), M1 (r = 0.61), M3min (r = 0.58), and Mtotmin (r = 0.78).
      Correlations for apoA-II and apoE levels were even smaller than those for apoA-I
      and HDL cholesterol. In additional analyses using multivariate approaches, HDL
      cholesterol, apoA-I, apoA-II, and apoE levels were all found not to be
      independent determinants of the parameters of body cholesterol metabolism
      (/partial r/ less than 0.17, P greater than 0.3 in all cases). Thus the weak
      univariate correlations reflect relationships of HDL cholesterol and apoA-I
      levels with physiological variables, such as body size, which are primarily
      related to the model parameters. We conclude that plasma levels of HDL
      cholesterol and apoproteins A-I, A-II, and E are not quantitatively important
      independent determinants of the mass of slowly exchanging body cholesterol or of
      other parameters of long-term cholesterol turnover in humans. These studies give
      no support to the hypothesis that the inverse relationship between HDL
      cholesterol levels and coronary heart disease rates is mediated via an influence
      of HDL on body stores of cholesterol.

PMID- 4067432
TI  - Retinol and retinyl esters in parenchymal and nonparenchymal rat liver cell
      fractions after long-term administration of ethanol.
AB  - Chronic ethanol consumption reduces the liver retinoid store in man and rat. We
      have studied the effect of ethanol on some aspects of retinoid metabolism in
      parenchymal and nonparenchymal liver cells. Rats fed 36% of total energy intake
      as ethanol for 5-6 weeks had the liver retinoid concentration reduced to about
      one-third, as compared to pair-fed controls. The reduction in liver retinoid
      affected both the parenchymal and the nonparenchymal cell fractions. Plasma
      retinol level was normal. Liver uptake of injected chylomicron [3H]retinyl ester
      was similar in the experimental and control group. The transport of retinoid from
      the parenchymal to the nonparenchymal cells was not found to be significantly
      retarded in the ethanol-fed rats. Despite the reduction in total retinoid level
      in liver, the concentrations of unesterified retinol and retinyl oleate were
      increased in the ethanol fed rats. Hepatic retinol esterification was not
      significantly affected in the ethanol-fed rats. Since our study has demonstrated
      that liver uptake of chylomicron retinyl ester is not impaired in the ethanol-fed
      rat, we suggest that liver retinoid metabolism may be increased.

PMID- 4067433
TI  - Lethal atherosclerosis associated with abnormal plasma and tissue sterol
      composition in sitosterolemia with xanthomatosis.
AB  - Tissue sterol composition was determined in an 18-year-old male with
      sitosterolemia with xanthomatosis who died suddenly and whose coronary and aortic
      vessels showed extensive atherosclerosis and, for comparison, in an 18-year-old
      male with minimal atherosclerosis who died accidently. Sterols in the control
      tissues (plasma, erythrocytes, cardiac muscle, lung, liver, aorta, and brain)
      contained cholesterol with only trace amounts of cholestanol. In contrast,
      sterols in corresponding tissues of the sitosterolemic subject (except brain)
      were composed of cholesterol, increased amounts of plant sterols, campesterol and
      sitosterol, and 5 alpha-saturated stanols, cholestanol, 5 alpha-campestanol, and
      5 alpha-sitostanol, that were deposited in approximately the same ratio as
      present in plasma. However, sitosterolemic brain sterol composition resembled
      that of the control brain with cholesterol and only trace amounts (less than 1%)
      of cholestanol and phytosterols. The sitosterolemic aorta was extensively
      atherosclerotic and contained more than twice the quantity of sterols as the
      control aorta (5.6 mg/g versus 2.6 mg/g) with increased amounts of cholesterol,
      plant sterols, and 5 alpha-saturated stanols. These results indicate that
      cholesterol, plant sterols, and 5 alpha-stanols are deposited prematurely and are
      associated with accelerated atherosclerosis in subjects with sitosterolemia with
      xanthomatosis.

PMID- 4067434
TI  - Thermotropic mesomorphism of cholesteryl myristate. An electron diffraction
      study.
AB  - Electron diffraction measurements on heated or cooled microcrystals of
      cholesteryl myristate, which are grown from solution or epitaxially, on benzoic
      acid, provide further structural information about its mesomorphic behavior. At
      subambient temperatures (less than -65 degrees C), a new crystal form is observed
      which doubles the unit cell axes in the (001) plane. At the major crystalline in
      equilibrium with smectic endotherm at 70 degrees C, evidence is found for the
      existence of a pretransition crystal packing. The smectic phase, which coexists
      with this pretransition crystal form, is composed of relatively well-ordered
      layers, probably with a monolayer-type packing. Cooling the cholesteric phase to
      the crystalline form causes a rotational disorder which is not yet understood.

PMID- 4067435
TI  - Inhibition of liver prenyltransferase by citronellyl and geranyl phosphonate and
      phosphonylphosphate.
AB  - Citronellyl- and geranylphosphonic acids and the corresponding
      phosphonylphosphates were made and tested as inhibitors of liver
      prenyltransferase. Kinetic analysis showed that citronellyl- and
      geranylphosphonylphosphate were powerful inhibitors of the enzyme, and that they
      were competitive inhibitors with geranyl diphosphate and noncompetitive
      inhibitors with isopentenyl diphosphate. Two inhibition constants, representing
      the equilibria [E][I]/[EI] = K5 and [ES1][I]/[ES1I] = K9, have been defined for
      the inhibitors. For citronellylphosphonylphosphate, the value of K5 was 1.25
      microM and K9 was 3.30 microM; for geranylphosphonylphosphate, K5 = 1.50 microM
      and K9 = 1.60 microM. The phosphonates were very poor linear mixed noncompetitive
      inhibitors with respect to both substrates of the transferase.

PMID- 4067436
TI  - Fluorine-, pyrene-, and nitroxide-labeled sphingomyelin: semi-synthesis and
      thermotropic properties.
AB  - A rapid, high-yield method has been developed for the N-acylation of sphingosine
      1-phosphocholine (SPC) to obtain a series of sphingomyelin (SM) derivatives
      bearing different reporter groups in the N-acyl chain. The procedure utilizes a
      fatty acid activated as the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester. A 1:1 molar mixture of
      the activated fatty acid and SPC is refluxed in 5% aqueous NaHCO3-ethanol 9:1
      (v/v) for 2-3 hr. After acidification, the precipitated SM is purified by column
      chromatography over silica gel. This procedure offers significant advantages over
      those reported for the synthesis of well-defined SM: i) only the amino (not the
      hydroxyl) group is acylated; ii) only one equivalent of fatty acid is required;
      and iii) the time necessary for the reaction to go to completion is short. The
      transition temperature and enthalpy of each SM derivative has been measured by
      differential scanning calorimetry and compared to its unlabeled analog.

PMID- 4067437
TI  - A sensitive method for the quantitation of lysophosphatidylcholine in canine
      heart.
AB  - We have developed a procedure for the determination of small amounts of
      lysophosphatidylcholine in cardiac tissue. Lysophosphatidylcholine from canine
      heart was separated from the major phospholipids by column chromatography, and
      then acetylated with labeled acetic anhydride. The acetylated
      lysophosphatidylcholine was isolated by thin-layer chromatography and the
      lysophosphatidylcholine content was calculated from the radioactivity associated
      with the acetylated product. Although the sensitivity of the assay depends on the
      specific radioactivity of the acetic anhydride used, as low as 0.5 nmol of
      lysophospholipid in tissue samples can be readily quantitated. The results
      obtained from the control and ischemic canine cardiac tissues by this assay
      compares favorably with those obtained by lipid-phosphorus assay. The sensitivity
      and specificity of the present procedure allows us and other investigators to
      assay for lysophosphatidylcholine content in very small (10 mg wet weight) tissue
      samples.

PMID- 4067438
TI  - [19th meeting of the French College of Vascular Pathology. Paris, 12-14 March
      1985. Abstracts of the round tables and reports].

PMID- 4067439
TI  - Homozygosity in a population of variable size and mutation rate.
AB  - A formula is obtained for the probability that two genes at a single locus,
      sampled at random from a population at time t, are of particular types. The model
      assumed is a diffusion approximation to a neutral Wright-Fisher model in which
      mutation is not necessarily symmetric and the population size is a function of
      time. It is shown that for symmetric mutation in a population undergoing a step
      function type bottleneck, homozygosity increases with decreasing population size.
      A formula is given for the distribution of the number of segregating sites
      occurring in two randomly sampled sequences of completely linked sites, with
      general mutation at a site and identical mutation structure between sites. We
      give similar results for a population of fixed size but for which the mutation
      rate is a function of time, and not necessarily symmetric. We confirm the
      intuitively clear effect that increasing the mutation rate decreases
      homozygosity.

PMID- 4067440
TI  - Stability of the steady-state size distribution in a model of cell growth and
      division.
AB  - The approach to steady-state size distribution is studied for a growing
      population of cells. The model incorporates cell growth at a linear rate and
      division into two equal daughters after a random time composed of an
      exponentially distributed phase and a constant deterministic phase.

PMID- 4067441
TI  - Stability in cyclic epidemic models.
AB  - A general formulation for a family of cyclic epidemic models with density
      dependent feedback mechanisms and removed classes is presented. A parameter,
      lambda, related to the basic reproductive rate determines the asymptotic
      behaviour of solutions of the model. It is shown that if lambda less than 1 the
      trivial solution is globally stable, and if lambda greater than 1 it is
      conditionally stable. The results are applied to a set of differential equations
      that has been used to model the life cycle of a parasite that has two hosts.

PMID- 4067442
TI  - Interaction of spatial diffusion and delays in models of genetic control by
      repression.
AB  - A class of models based on the Jacob and Monod theory of genetic repression for
      control of biosynthetic pathways in cells is considered. Both spatial diffusion
      and time delays are taken into account. A method is developed for representing
      the effects of spatial diffusion as distributed delay terms. This method is
      applied to two specific models and the interaction between the diffusion and the
      delays is treated in detail. The destabilization of the steady-state and the
      bifurcation of oscillatory solutions are studied as functions of the
      diffusivities and the delays. The limits of very small and very large
      diffusivities are analyzed and comparisons with well-mixed compartment models are
      made.

PMID- 4067443
TI  - Physico-chemical model of a protocell.
AB  - A physico-chemical model of a self-maintaining unity or protocell is constructed
      on the basis of reaction and diffusion processes. The surface motion of the
      protocell is taken into account explicitly by a so-called Stefan condition, which
      leads to a nonlinear feedback to the reaction and diffusion processes. The spatio
      temporal dynamics in the neighbourhood of the steady states is investigated in
      the framework of linear stability analysis with the use of an expansion in terms
      of spherical harmonics Ylm. It is shown that modes with l greater than or equal
      to 2 become successively unstable with increasing nutrient supply. The leading
      instability with l = 2 initiates a process of the nonlinear dynamics which is
      interpreted as the onset of division. A stabilizing effect of surface tension is
      also discussed.

PMID- 4067444
TI  - On the stability of equilibria in metabolic feedback systems.

PMID- 4067446
TI  - The family physician: both giver and receiver.

PMID- 4067447
TI  - Organizing a medical staff.

PMID- 4067445
TI  - A discrete mathematical model of unlabelled granulocyte kinetics. A preliminary
      study of feedback control.
AB  - The equations used in formulating the continuous model of granulocyte kinetics
      developed by O'Fallon et al. (1971) were analyzed to see if they could be altered
      to simulate a feedback mechanism operating on the production and development of
      granulocytes. After extensive study and modification of the continuous model, it
      was found that a discrete model based on a Leslie matrix procedure was more
      effective for simulating the feedback system. This discrete model was used to
      show experimentally, from a mathematical view point, that a feedback mechanism of
      some kind must be operating on the production and development of granulocytes.
      Further, the discrete model was subjected to preliminary tests (simultaneous and
      cascading feedback) to demonstrate that it has the capability of responding to
      feedback control.

PMID- 4067448
TI  - The evolution of Reach to Recovery.

PMID- 4067449
TI  - Prevention of bacterial endocarditis: an update for the clinician.

PMID- 4067451
TI  - Evaluation of impairment/disability secondary to respiratory disease. American
      Thoracic Society.

PMID- 4067450
TI  - Anterior cervical discectomy without grafting.

PMID- 4067452
TI  - Service and rehabilitation.

PMID- 4067453
TI  - Cephalosporins made easy.

PMID- 4067454
TI  - On defining 'disease'.
AB  - This essay examines several recent philosophical attempts to define 'disease'.
      Two prominent ones are considered in detail, an objective approach by Christopher
      Boorse and a normative approach by Caroline Whitbeck. Both are found to be
      inadequate for a variety of reasons, though Whitbeck's is superior because of her
      careful preliminary distinctions and because of its normative approach which is
      more nearly in accord with medical and lay usage. The paper concludes with a
      discussion of the nature of such efforts at definition and suggests that their
      limitations are due both to the nature of our language and concepts in general,
      and to the nature of medicine in particular. It is the practical and changing
      character of medicine and its language that frustrates the efforts of
      philosophers to formulate such definitions.

PMID- 4067455
TI  - Malady and menopause.
AB  - Culver and Gert define 'malady' in their book Philosophy in Medicine. It is shown
      that this definition is sexist in its implication in that it either indirectly
      contributes to women's oppression or indirectly supports a policy that
      discriminates against women. This is because, on Culver and Gert's definition of
      'malady', menopause, menstruation, and pregnancy become maladies. It is also
      argued that malady claims are normative in a way not recognized by Culver and
      Gert.

PMID- 4067456
TI  - Veatch's new foundation for medical ethics.
AB  - Robert M. Veatch proposes a "triple contract theory" as a new foundation for
      medical ethics. His criticisms of unilateral "physician ethics" are sound, but
      uncertainty as to whether he is proposing merely imaginary or real contracts
      vitiates his constructive arguments. If the former, he is recommending a minor
      heuristic device for thinking about ethics, not a foundation. If the latter, his
      proposal is utterly impractical and a medical covenant will have to be developed
      another way.

PMID- 4067457
TI  - The logical status of brain death criteria.
AB  - This article is an attempt to clarify a confusion in the brain death literature
      between logical sufficiency/necessity and natural sufficiency/necessity. We focus
      on arguments that draw conclusions regarding empirical matters of fact from
      conceptual or ontological definitions. Specifically, we critically analyze
      arguments by Tom Tomlinson and Michael B. Green and Daniel Wikler, which,
      respectively, confuse logical and natural sufficiency and logical and natural
      necessity. Our own conclusion is that it is especially important in discussing
      the brain death issue to observe the distinction between logical and natural
      sufficiency/necessity in a strict fashion.

PMID- 4067458
TI  - Relationship between urinary tract infection and oral contraceptive usage.

PMID- 4067459
TI  - Midecamycin in the treatment of otorhinolaryngological infections.

PMID- 4067460
TI  - Solcoseryl eye gel: an effective adjunct in the treatment of chronic ulcers of
      the cornea.

PMID- 4067461
TI  - Serological study in patients suspected lymphogranuloma venereum.

PMID- 4067462
TI  - Relationship between severity of the symptom and the number of Hymenolepis nana
      after treatment.

PMID- 4067463
TI  - Giant hemangioma of liver with bleeding tendency: report of 2 cases.

PMID- 4067464
TI  - Racial differences in electrocardiograms and vectorcardiograms between black and
      white adolescents.
AB  - In a previous study of 244 normal children, we detected higher leftward,
      posterior and inferior voltages in blacks than in whites in two groups: 6- to 10
      year-old children and in 11- to 14-year-old boys; no difference was found in 3-to
      5-year-old children, or 11- to 14-year-old girls. The purpose of this study was
      to determine if such race-related voltage differences are also present in 15- to
      19-year-old adolescents. Biographic data, blood pressure and hemoglobin values,
      electrocardiogram (ECG), Frank vectorcardiogram (VCG) and echocardiogram were
      obtained in 59 normal 15- to 19-year-olds (28 blacks and 31 whites); 144 measured
      parameters and 57 computed variables were analyzed. Many sex-related differences
      (p less than 0.05 to 0.001) were seen in both races. R in leads I, AVL and V6, S
      in V1, and sum of SV1 and RV6 in the ECG and X to left, terminal X to right and Y
      inferior in the VCG were higher (p less than 0.05 to 0.01) in black males than in
      white males. However, no such differences (p greater than 0.05) were observed
      between black and white females. To understand the causes of these differences,
      comparison of the biographic data, blood pressure, hemoglobins and
      echocardiograms were made. The height, weight, body surface area, chest
      circumference, AP diameter of the chest, diastolic and systolic blood pressure
      and left ventricular (LV) dimension were similar (p greater than 0.1) in all
      groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4067465
TI  - Late potential-like deflections in the ST segment of normal subjects.
AB  - Irregular high frequency deflections of low amplitude have been found within the
      ST segment immediately following the QRS complex and in the T wave of high
      resolution bipolar recordings (lead V4-V7) in single beats as well as in averages
      of 100 beats. The signals in the T wave, found in six out of 22 normal subjects,
      coincide with the apex of the T wave in standard lead II. Their amplitude depends
      on the phase of the respiratory cycle. They were most pronounced during
      expiration. The occurrence of these signals depends on the position of the
      electrodes relative to the position of the equivalent current dipole, which is
      determined from simultaneous magnetocardiographic measurements. When electrode V4
      is systematically shifted these signals vanish or increase, respectively become
      measurable.

PMID- 4067466
TI  - Effects of activation sequence on ventricular refractory periods of ischemic
      canine myocardium.
AB  - Refractory periods were measured in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs during
      control periods and one to one and a half hours after distal left anterior
      descending coronary artery occlusion. The refractory period test site was on the
      anterior surface of the left ventricle in the distribution of the artery to be
      occluded. Measurements were made during drive of the refractory period test site,
      drive of a distant site on the pulmonary conus and during fusion drive in which
      drive of the test site was delayed with respect to drive of the pulmonary conus.
      Refractory periods were longer during test site drive than during pulmonary conus
      or fusion drives in both the control periods and following coronary occlusion.
      However, the effects of driving mode on refractory periods were greater following
      coronary occlusion than in the control periods. The findings are likely secondary
      to different magnitudes of change in electrotonic interactions associated with
      changes in activation sequence in ischemic and nonischemic myocardium. The
      greater dependence of repolarization properties in ischemic than nonischemic
      tissue suggests that inhomogeneity of these properties could be modified
      considerably by the site of origin of ectopic ventricular complexes.

PMID- 4067467
TI  - Does A-H interval accurately represent intranodal conduction time during ectopic
      rhythms?
AB  - In order to determine whether the A-H interval of the His bundle electrogram
      accurately represents the AV nodal conduction time under various conditions, His
      bundle and coronary sinus electrograms were recorded in isolated perfused rabbit
      hearts, with atrial stimulation from eight different sites. The S-A (stimulus to
      the A wave) interval was significantly longer, whereas the A-H interval was
      shorter on stimulations from the coronary sinus and the left atrium than on sinus
      nodal stimulation. Stimulations from the fossa ovalis and right atrial appendage
      did not significantly alter the A-H interval. The effective and functional
      refractory periods of the AV node were almost identical with stimulations from
      the sinus node, low right atrial appendage, low left atrial appendage or the
      ostium of coronary sinus. Mapping of the excitation process with microelectrodes
      revealed that the activation times in low interatrial septal fibers bordering the
      His bundle [abbreviated as AP(III)] was closest to the A wave as compared with
      the activation in the ostium of the coronary sinus [AP(I)] or near the AN region
      [AP(II)] on stimulation from both sinus nodal and coronary sinus regions. On
      sinus nodal stimulation, AP(III) preceded AP(I) and AP(II) but lagged behind the
      A wave by 6 msec, whereas AP(III) preceded the A wave by 5 msec on coronary sinus
      stimulation. Thus, the A-H interval may not always accurately represent the
      intranodal conduction time, as relative timing of atrial activation responsible
      for the A wave and that of invasion of the AV node by the atrial wavefront can be
      grossly altered by different atrial excitation patterns.

PMID- 4067468
TI  - Exercise electrocardiographic mapping in normal subjects.
AB  - To investigate the spectrum of change in multiple-lead exercise
      electrocardiograms, 120-lead body surface potential maps (BSPM) in normal adult
      subjects during upright, graded, submaximal exercise testing were recorded.
      Results showed that in the normal group, exercise was associated with substantial
      electrocardiographic changes on the body surface, many of which persisted during
      early recovery. The QRS waveform was minimally altered during exercise. Despite,
      however, no change in QRS duration, there was significant reduction in QRS
      potential range with consequent reduction QRS integral value. The ST waveforms
      changed markedly with exercise, showing abbreviated duration and increased slope.
      This was reflected by significantly increased ST potential range from rest to
      immediate cessation of exercise, which returned towards resting value during
      recovery. The effect of the altered ST-segment waveform was also reflected in
      torso potential distributions at two time instants during the ST-segment. When a
      spatially-fixed position on the ST-T waveform was evaluated (ST-segment offset),
      exercise resulted in small potential changes, especially over the torso area
      occupied by the standard V1 to V6 chest leads. However, when a temporally-fixed
      point (80 ms after QRS offset) was evaluated, there were large increases in
      potential over the precordium with exercise. Isointegral ST-segment maps, which
      reflect both spatial and temporal ST properties, showed that exercise was
      associated with substantial decreases in values over the precordium and inferior
      torso, and although diminished, they tended to persist through five minutes of
      recovery. Thus, electrocardiographic repolarization parameters are particularly
      affected by physiological exercise and, although the underlying causes of these
      changes remain undefined, they should be taken into account when evaluating the
      population at risk.

PMID- 4067469
TI  - Detection of posterior myocardial infarction by body surface mapping: a
      comparative study with 12 lead ECG and VCG.
AB  - To examine the diagnostic ability of body surface mapping in posterior myocardial
      infarction (PMI), mapping was performed in 11 patients with PMI proven by left
      ventriculography and T1-201 myocardial perfusion imaging (PMI group) and in 44
      normal subjects (N group). Map data was analysed by the following methods: (1)
      potential departure maps at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 msec after the onset of QRS;
      each map indicates the area of decreased potential out of the normal range at the
      time. (2) AQRS departure map which indicates the area of decreased time-integral
      value of QRS out of the normal range. True positive (TP) in the PMI group and
      false positive (FP) in the N group were calculated for each method, and were
      compared with those of various criteria for PMI with standard 12-lead
      electrocardiogram (ECG) and Frank lead vectorcardiogram (VCG). The potential
      departure maps and the AQRS departure map had high TP (10/11 and 8/11) and low FP
      (0/44 and 0/44). The diagnostic ability of mapping is considered to be higher
      than that of ECG and VCG. Mapping, especially the departure map technique, is a
      sensitive and specific method to detect posterior infarction.

PMID- 4067470
TI  - The clinical implications of electrocardiographic changes in first acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - To assess the prognostic significance and the clinical implications of the
      electrocardiographic findings of the first acute myocardial infarction, the in
      hospital mortality and complications and three-year follow-up of 180 patients
      were analyzed. The patients were divided according to the infarction type
      (transmural, non-transmural), the site, (anterior, inferior including posterior)
      and the absence or presence of ST depression in leads facing the site of
      infarction. The peak enzyme concentrations were significantly higher in those
      with transmural infarcts than in those with non-transmural infarcts, in anterior
      infarcts compared to inferior infarcts, and in those sites with ST depression
      than those without. The early complications of cardiogenic shock, congestive
      cardiac failure, and complete heart block were significantly higher in transmural
      infarcts compared to non-transmural, while late complications and mortality were
      the same in all groups and subgroups. This study demonstrated that ECG changes in
      the first acute myocardial infarction are of prognostic significance for the
      early clinical course, but cannot predict the late course or subsequent coronary
      events.

PMID- 4067471
TI  - A chronobiologic study on some cardiovascular parameters.
AB  - We studied the chronobiologic pattern of heart rate, R and T wave voltage, QT
      interval, and ST segment displacement. Premature atrial and ventricular beats
      obtained by dynamic electrocardiography, as well as arterial blood pressure
      measurements obtained by autometry, have also been studied in 131 untreated
      subjects (25 with hypertension, 28 with major risk factors for coronary artery
      disease, 9 with coronary artery disease, 37 presumably healthy and 11 shift
      workers). Our results show the existence of circadian rhythms in heart rate, in
      the duration of the QT interval and also in the voltage of R and T waves. Our
      data for R and T wave voltages do not completely agree with those from other
      authors. We demonstrated also that smoking may influence the circadian acrophase
      of the rhythm in R wave voltage while sleeping does not show any relationship
      with R and T wave voltages although it seems related to the displacement of the
      ST segment. We could point out only small differences in the chronobiologic
      behavior of patients with coronary disease and that of normal subjects, unlike
      the results previously reported by other authors. Our study demonstrated the
      existence of circadian and ultradian rhythms in premature atrial and ventricular
      beats as well as circadian and circaseptan rhythms in arterial blood pressure.
      Further studies are needed to improve our chronobiologic knowledge in order to
      optimize dosage and time of administration of the drugs used in the long term
      management of arrhythmias and hypertension.

PMID- 4067472
TI  - Stroke masking electrocardiographic abnormalities.

PMID- 4067473
TI  - Progesterone receptors in rat brain and uterus: dependence on the hormonal
      milieu.
AB  - Cytosols were incubated from the hypothalamus and mid-brain and from the uterus,
      and incubated with [3H]progesterone alone or in the presence of excess radioinert
      steroid to reveal saturable binding sites. Bound and free hormone were separated
      by gel filtration. Scatchard analysis of the binding sites yielded evidence for
      only one class of binding sites of high affinity and limited capacity. The
      binding components in the hypothalamus and uterus appeared to fluctuate during
      the oestrous cycle, attaining a nadir at metoestrus, while those in the mid-brain
      were apparently unchanged. During pregnancy hypothalamic [3H]progesterone-binding
      sites appeared to lose affinity for the steroid while in the uterus the affinity
      for the steroid was unchanged but the absolute numbers of binding sites were
      greatly increased at day 10. It is concluded, both from studies of the properties
      intrinsic to the binding reaction and from endocrine correlates, that the
      macromolecular progesterone-binding components in the brain may be receptors for
      the hormone and that there may be differences between the properties of
      progesterone receptors in different tissues. Furthermore, during pregnancy there
      may be qualitative changes in the neural progesterone receptors which are not
      mediated by oestradiol.

PMID- 4067474
TI  - Dissociation between emotional and endocrine responses preceding an academic
      examination in male medical students.
AB  - A study was made in 2 consecutive years of the emotional states and morning and
      afternoon serum levels of prolactin, cortisol and testosterone of male medical
      students during a 4- to 5-week period preceding a major university examination.
      'Distress', 'anxiety' and, to a lesser degree, 'depression' increased during the
      2 weeks immediately preceding the examination and were positively correlated with
      personality anxiety or neuroticism traits. Group means for hormones showed no
      consistent change over the same period. Neither was there evidence for a
      correlation between endocrine and emotional changes within individual students
      during the pre-examination period. A restricted study showed that there were
      significant increments in cortisol in samples taken during the examination
      itself. Changes in emotional state before an examination occurred in the absence
      of equally dramatic changes in levels of the three hormones studied, though this
      relationship may have altered during the examination itself. This suggests that
      the factors controlling the two categories of response may relate differently, in
      some way, to the imminence of this stressful event.

PMID- 4067475
TI  - Prolactin and calcium metabolism in pregnant ewes.
AB  - The effect of ovine prolactin on intestinal Ca absorption and placental Ca
      transfer was studied in pregnant ewes. Six groups of five animals bearing a
      single fetus were used and injected s.c. daily between days 121 and 135. The
      first group was given 0.1 microgram ovine prolactin/kg body wt per day, the
      second 0.1 microgram ovine prolactin/kg body wt per day plus 0.1 microgram 1
      alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1 alpha-OH-D3)/kg body wt per day, the third 0.1
      microgram ovine prolactin/kg body wt per day plus 0.20 units calcitonin/kg body
      wt per day, the fourth 2 micrograms bromocriptine/kg body wt per day, the fifth 2
      micrograms bromocriptine/kg body wt per day plus 0.1 microgram ovine prolactin/kg
      body wt per day, and the sixth were controls injected with vehicle alone. The
      intestinal Ca absorption was measured on a duodenal loop tied off in vivo on day
      136 and placental Ca transfer was evaluated between days 129 and 136. Ovine
      prolactin stimulated both intestinal Ca absorption and placental Ca transfer;
      these effects were further increased by 1 alpha-OH-D3. Calcitonin had no effect
      on ovine prolactin-stimulated intestinal Ca absorption, but blunted the influence
      of ovine prolactin on Ca placental transfer. Bromocriptine decreased both
      intestinal Ca absorption and Ca placental transfer but these effects of
      bromocriptine were overcome by simultaneous injection of ovine prolactin.

PMID- 4067476
TI  - Measurement of phospholipase A2 activity in human endometrium during the
      menstrual cycle.
AB  - Phospholipase A2 activity was measured in human endometrium throughout the
      menstrual cycle using an assay based on the liberation of oleic acid from 1
      palmitoyl-2-[14C]oleoyl phosphatidylcholine. The enzyme was shown to be calcium
      dependent, to have an optimum pH of 8-9 and an apparent Michaelis constant of 110
      mumol/l. Enzyme activity was low in early proliferative-phase tissue (6.08 +/-
      1.42 (S.E.M.) pmol oleic acid released/mg protein per min) but rose significantly
      (P less than 0.01) during the late proliferative phase (10.86 +/- 2.79 pmol/mg
      per min). There was a tenfold increase in activity 2-4 days after ovulation (45.6
      +/- 13.6 pmol/mg per min) which thereafter declined to reach values which at
      menstruation were not significantly different from those of the proliferative
      phase (4.5 +/- 1.76 pmol/mg per min). The results indicate that phospholipase A2
      activity in human endometrium is related to the stage of the menstrual cycle and
      suggest that arachidonic acid release may be influenced by oestradiol and
      progesterone.

PMID- 4067477
TI  - Oestrogen-2/4-hydroxylase activity in the rat brain during lactation and
      throughout the oestrous cycle.
AB  - Oestrogen-2/4-hydroxylase activity was measured in whole brain, thalamus,
      amygdala, hypothalamus and pituitary gland of lactating rats and in whole brain
      of rats on different days of the oestrous cycle. Enzyme activity was increased in
      whole brain and in each of the brain regions examined (with the exception of the
      amygdala) in lactating rats. This increase in enzyme activity was associated with
      an increase in serum prolactin levels. During the oestrous cycle, enzyme activity
      in whole brain was higher on metoestrus and dioestrus than on pro-oestrus and
      oestrus. The decrease in enzyme on pro-oestrus was associated with an increase in
      both serum oestradiol and prolactin levels. These results are consistent with the
      hypothesis that changes in oestrogen-2/4-hydroxylase activity are associated with
      changes in prolactin and oestradiol secretion and may play a regulatory role in
      reproduction.

PMID- 4067478
TI  - Progesterone and oestradiol receptor concentration and translocation in uterine
      tissue of rabbits treated with indomethacin.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether endogenous prostaglandins are
      involved in the regulation of sexual steroid receptor concentration and cytosol
      to nucleus translocation in the rabbit uterus. The animals were injected s.c.
      with indomethacin (10 mg/kg) twice daily on days 5 and 6 and on the morning of
      day 7 of pregnancy or pseudopregnancy and killed 2 h after the last injection.
      The indomethacin treatment did not change progesterone and oestradiol serum
      concentrations compared with animals injected with vehicle only. No differences
      were observed either in progesterone receptor or oestradiol (pregnant animals
      only) receptor concentration and intracellular distribution in endometria of
      indomethacin-treated or control animals. In an extended experiment indomethacin
      given to oestrogen-pretreated ovariectomized rabbits did not inhibit the nuclear
      progesterone receptor accumulation induced by a single progesterone injection.
      These results suggest that there is no direct relationship between prostaglandins
      and sexual steroid receptors in the rabbit uterus.

PMID- 4067479
TI  - Developmental changes in the rate of production of an unusual testosterone
      metabolite, 4-androstene-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, by chick liver microsomes.
AB  - Testosterone is produced by the chick embryo testis from the 13th day of
      incubation. We have investigated the ability of microsomes prepared from the
      fetal and neonatal liver to metabolize testosterone and have found that the
      principal metabolite generated by microsomes in the presence of NADPH is 4
      androstene-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol. The rate of production of this metabolite
      declined sharply over the time of hatching. Conversely, 16 alpha
      hydroxytestosterone production increased transiently just after hatching. Our
      findings indicate that chick liver microsomes contain a 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase (3 alpha-hydroxysteroid: NAD(P) oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.50) whose
      activity changes during development.

PMID- 4067480
TI  - Influences of thyroidectomy and thyroxine replacement on photoperiodically
      controlled reproduction in quail.
AB  - The breeding season in quail ends when they become relatively refractory to long
      photoperiods. The processes underlying the development of this refractoriness are
      dependent upon the thyroid gland. Thyroidectomized male Japanese quail
      transferred from short (8 h light: 16 h darkness; 8L: 16D) to long (20L:4D) daily
      photoperiods mature their gonads and develop the androgen-dependent cloacal gland
      at rates only marginally slower than controls. However, when the birds are
      retransferred to short days thyroidectomized individuals do not show the rapid
      testicular regression and moult which occurs in controls under such conditions.
      The testes remain large for a long period, eventually decreasing in size slowly
      and irregularly. Once such thyroidectomized birds are transferred back to short
      days the administration of thyroxine has little effect upon the slow rate of
      gonadal regression but if the hormone is administered during the preceding period
      of long days normal regression does occur under short days, even though treatment
      has ceased. This suggests that a process dependent upon thyroid hormones takes
      place under long day-lengths that ensures the termination of reproduction when
      they are exposed either to short daylengths or to decreasing daylengths after the
      summer solstice. This view was substantiated by further experiments in which
      thyroidectomy was performed after the birds had been exposed to long daylengths.
      When transferred to 8L:16D normal testicular regression and moult occurred
      rapidly. Presumably the thyroid-dependent process had proceeded to an adequate
      extent in these quail before the thyroid glands were destroyed. Further support
      came from treating intact quail chronically with thyroxine. Its administration to
      quail on 20L:4D had no observable effect; the testes grew rapidly to maximal size
      and remained large. However, if the birds were given thyroxine under 12L:12D the
      gonads first developed to maximal size and then, after about 12 weeks of
      treatment, regressed spontaneously whether or not thyroxine was still being
      administered. It seems that thyroxine had made the quail so relatively refractory
      that 12L:12D was no longer sufficiently stimulatory to overcome the developing
      inhibition on the photoperiodic system. The results in quail are very reminiscent
      of the finding that the absolute photorefractoriness and spontaneous testicular
      regression which develops in starlings under long daylengths is thyroid
      dependent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4067482
TI  - A chronic technique for high frequency blood sampling/transfusion in the freely
      behaving rat which does not affect prolactin and corticosterone secretion.
AB  - A blood sampling/blood transfusion technique is described for chronically
      cannulated freely behaving rats. The procedure permits high frequency sampling
      for several hours at a maximum rate of one blood sample per min. Prolactin and
      corticosterone were used as indicators of stress. In male rats the prolactin
      concentration in blood obtained by rapid decapitation was not significantly
      different from that obtained through a cannula. A blood volume reduction of 1 or
      2 ml did not affect prolactin or corticosterone secretion; however, a reduction
      of 3 ml or more increased corticosterone secretion but did not consistently
      increase prolactin secretion. When blood volume reduction was compensated for by
      blood transfusion, frequent blood sampling did not affect prolactin or
      corticosterone secretion in dioestrous rats. The surges of prolactin secretion
      during the afternoon of pro-oestrus and pseudopregnancy were also unaffected by
      high frequency blood sampling. It is therefore concluded that the blood
      sampling/transfusion procedure described does not stress the animals. Its
      advantages include not only the possibility of following individual hormone
      profiles, but also the economic and ethical aspects of reducing the number of
      animals needed for experimentation.

PMID- 4067481
TI  - Central nervous system-mediated growth inhibition of a rat prostate carcinoma by
      an opioid.
AB  - Long-term treatment for more than 3 months with a central nervous system (CNS)
      active drug, the opioid agonist bremazocine, at a dose of 1 mg/kg per day
      elicited an 80% inhibition of the volume of the subcutaneously transplanted rat
      prostate adenocarcinoma Dunning R3327H. Whereas, under this therapy, prostate
      tumour and prostatic weights were decreased, testes and pituitary weights
      remained normal. Bremazocine inhibited not only the growth of freshly
      transplanted tumours but also that of well-grown Dunning prostate carcinomas
      since, after 41 days of treatment, such tumours showed a volume inhibition of
      52%. In these experiments bremazocine decreased LH and testosterone plasma levels
      significantly. Bremazocine, therefore, probably acts mainly through
      suprapituitary CNS-opiate receptor sites, which indirectly, rather than locally,
      mediate LH inhibition. Indeed, no specific receptors for bremazocine could be
      found in the Dunning tumour, which makes a local action of bremazocine in this
      tissue unlikely. the efficient tumour growth inhibition through the supra
      pituitary action of bremazocine makes such opiate drugs, which lack respiratory
      and side effects due to improper use, of potential interest for treatment of
      prostatic tumours.

PMID- 4067483
TI  - Reduced tissue androgen receptors in the congenitally obese male Zucker rat.
AB  - Androgen receptor (AR) concentrations were measured in the prostates and livers
      of the infertile congenitally obese male Zucker rat and their fertile non-obese
      litter-mates. In obese rats AR concentrations were significantly lower in both
      the liver (p less than 0.001) and the prostates (p less than 0.01) of the obese
      rats compared with the non-obese rats, despite similar plasma testosterone
      concentrations in both phenotypes. These findings suggest that a potential cause
      for the infertility observed in the obese Zucker rat is a reduced sensitivity of
      target tissues to circulating androgens.

PMID- 4067484
TI  - Monoclonal antibody-mediated enhancement of growth hormone activity in vivo.
AB  - This work demonstrates that complexing hGH with monoclonal antibody EBl (MAB-EBl)
      can produce a striking potentiation of the somatogenic actions of hGH in vivo in
      Snell dwarf mice. In short-term experiments significant increases in cartilage
      metabolism and body weight were noted; these responses were dose-dependent for
      both MAB-EBl and hGH concentration. Increased growth was also observed in long
      term experiments. In marmosets where MAB-EBl cross-reacts with endogenous GH, MAB
      EBl alone enhanced the actions of endogenous GH. A new perspective may be
      necessary to incorporate these results into the current concept of antibody
      action.

PMID- 4067485
TI  - Vasopressin secretion as a possible target of the gamma-aminobutyric acid
      mediated component of the corticosteroid feedback effect.
AB  - The inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis did not interfere with
      the suppressive effect of dexamethasone on the stress-induced rise of plasma
      corticosterone levels in vasopressin-deficient homozygous Brattleboro rats. In
      dexamethasone-treated heterozygous rats corticosterone and vasopressin secretion
      increased after stress provided GABA synthesis was inhibited. The results
      indicate that inhibition of corticotrophin secretion by corticosteroids may in
      part be mediated by enhancement of GABA synthesis and a consequent inhibition of
      vasopressin release.

PMID- 4067487
TI  - Circadian rhythm of melatonin in the pineal gland of the Japanese quail (Coturnix
      coturnix japonica).
AB  - Melatonin was measured by radioimmunoassay in homogenates of pineal glands from
      quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) kept under different photoperiods and in
      darkness. Under 8-, 12- and 16-h daylengths melatonin levels were increased
      during the dark period, the duration of the increase depending on the duration of
      the dark period. As the daylength was increased the peak occurred closer to
      lights-off, reflecting the more rapid melatonin rise under the longer
      photoperiods. The pineal melatonin rhythm continued in darkness with an amplitude
      relative to that seen under a light/dark cycle of slightly less than one-half
      after 2 days in darkness and one-third after 6 days in darkness. The
      corresponding average periods of the rhythm were 25.5 h and 25.7 h. These results
      show that there is a circadian rhythm of melatonin in the pineal gland of the
      quail which is entrained by light/dark cycles and which continues in darkness.

PMID- 4067486
TI  - Increased sensitivity of the osmotic control of vasopressin in sheep with
      deoxycorticosterone acetate-induced hypertension.
AB  - The development of hypertension induced by deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) in
      sheep was accompanied by increases in both the plasma concentration and the
      urinary excretion of vasopressin. The vasopressin response to an osmotic stimulus
      (i.v. infusion of 0.85 mol NaCl/l at 4 ml/min for 75 min) was studied before and
      after the development of hypertension induced by DOCA in six sheep. Before DOCA
      implantation, the osmotic stimulus resulted in an increase of plasma osmolality
      (POSM) from 290 +/- 1 to 303 +/- 1 (S.E.M.) mosmol/kg H2O and in plasma
      vasopressin concentration (PAVP) from 0.23 +/- 0.04 to 1.07 +/- 0.15
      microunits/ml. At least 30 days after DOCA implantation when mean arterial blood
      pressure had risen from 81 +/- 3 to 117 +/- 5 mmHg, the same osmotic load caused
      an increase in POSM from 290 +/- 2 to 298 +/- 2 mosmol/kg H2O and PAVP from 0.45
      +/- 0.05 to 2.02 +/- 0.27 microunits/ml. POSM and PAVP were significantly
      correlated in every experiment. However, the slope of the relationship increased
      significantly (P less than 0.01) after the animals had developed hypertension
      (0.185 +/- 0.026 vs 0.070 +/- 0.011 (microunits vasopressin/ml)/(mosmol/kg H2O].
      The intercepts were similar. After the DOCA implant had been removed osmotic
      sensitivity returned to normal.

PMID- 4067488
TI  - Increased dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin in the hypoprolactinaemic IPL nude
      rat.
AB  - In this study, aimed at investigating whether dopaminergic regulation of
      prolactin could be implicated in the hypoprolactinaemia observed in the IPL nude
      rat, dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin was suppressed using a catecholamine
      synthesis inhibitor alpha-methyltyrosine (MT) and a dopaminergic antagonist
      sulpiride. Adult male rats (IPL nude and normal) were injected through implanted
      atrial cannulae with either MT (250 mg/kg) or physiological saline (control).
      Rats were decapitated 2 h after the injection. Plasma prolactin levels, compared
      with basal values, increased by 15.6 +/- 1.9 (S.E.M.)- and 5.89 +/- 0.6-fold in
      IPL nude and normal rats respectively. This difference was highly significant.
      The pituitary prolactin content was decreased in both groups. In a second
      experiment, adult male IPL nude or normal rats were injected with either
      sulpiride (1 mg/kg) or saline and decapitated 2, 4, 8, 12, 14 and 24 h later.
      Plasma prolactin levels, compared with basal values, were increased in rats
      injected with sulpiride by 9.2 +/- 1.8 and 3.4 +/- 0.7-fold in IPL nude and
      normal rats respectively. The pituitary prolactin content was reduced more in IPL
      nude than in normal sulpiride-injected rats. These data suggest that prolactin
      secretion, as well as synthesis, is under an increased dopaminergic inhibition in
      the male IPL nude rat.

PMID- 4067489
TI  - Endogenous opioids and the control of seasonal LH secretion in Soay rams.
AB  - Soay rams were treated with naloxone and/or morphine at different stages of their
      annual reproductive cycle to study the role of endogenous opioid peptides in the
      control of pulsatile LH secretion. The responses in intact rams were compared
      with those shown by pinealectomized (PNX) or superior cervical ganglionectomized
      (SCGX) rams which had a different annual testicular cycle. Naloxone (4-6 mg/kg
      i.v.) given to intact rams at four times of the year induced significant
      increases in LH pulse frequency in the breeding season in September and December,
      but minimal responses in the non-breeding season in June. Similar treatments
      given to PNX or SCGX rams induced good responses in March, June and September and
      the poorest response in December; the different seasonal pattern between the
      intact and PNX/SCGX rams was correlated with differences in the timing of their
      testicular cycles. Morphine (1 mg/kg i.v.) induced a significant decrease in LH
      pulse frequency when given to intact rams in October, but no significant effects
      were observed when morphine was given to sexually inactive rams in early July.
      Naloxone (1 mg/kg i.v.) given concurrently with morphine in October reversed the
      suppressive effect and resulted in an actual increase in LH pulse frequency above
      pretreatment levels. Morphine-treated rams showed normal LH responses to
      injections of LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) indicating that the site of opiate
      inhibition was on hypothalamic LHRH secretion rather than on pituitary LH
      release. Chronic treatment of intact and PNX rams with naloxone (1 mg/kg every 4
      h for 7 days) in April and October produced the expected acute increase in LH
      pulse frequency in the intact rams in October, and at both times of year in the
      PNX rams, however there was no sustained increase in LH secretion in response to
      chronic naloxone in any of the treatment groups. The response to the second
      naloxone injection was much reduced and was absent after 3 days; responsiveness
      to naloxone was restored within 2 days of stopping the chronic treatment. The
      overall results indicate that endogenous opioid mechanism is involved in the
      tonic inhibition of LH secretion and that this mechanism is most active in the
      breeding season when both naloxone and morphine have marked effects on pulsatile
      release of LH. Regulation of endogenous opioids in the hypothalamus may be part
      of the mechanism by which environmental factors modulate steroid negative
      feedback control of LHRH and thus LH secretion in seasonally breeding mammals.

PMID- 4067490
TI  - Effects of intracranial androgen on the development of masculine ultrasonic
      vocalizations in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus).
AB  - The effects of testosterone propionate (TP) on brain mechanisms involved in the
      sexual differentiation of ultrasonic vocalizations were examined in Mongolian
      gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Treatment of neonatal females with TP fully
      masculinized the rate of emission of the upsweep precopulatory ultrasound during
      adult sexual interactions with oestrous females. Intracranial implantation of
      small crystals of TP mixed with cholesterol (65 ng) into females 1-15 h after
      birth also masculinized the upsweep vocalization emitted in adulthood. Implants
      of TP positioned in the hypothalamic area had a significantly greater
      masculinizing effect than TP implants outside this region, or pure cholesterol
      implants. Two other sexually dimorphic vocalizations, the modulated (mainly
      precopulatory) and unmodulated (mainly copulatory) calls were masculinized by
      systemic TP, but intracranial TP had no significant masculinizing action on these
      calls. Genital structures of females which received neonatal injections of TP
      were strongly virilized in that their clitorides were lengthened and male-type
      cornified spines were present on the glans. Females which had received
      intracranial implants of TP were not virilized peripherally in adulthood. We
      conclude that testosterone or its metabolites have a direct hypothalamic effect
      on the development of masculine upsweep vocalizations. Because other
      vocalizations were insensitive to intracranial TP, the underlying neural tissues
      may have different thresholds of response to androgen.

PMID- 4067491
TI  - Identification and measurement of 4-oestren-3,17-dione (19-norandrostenedione) in
      porcine ovarian follicular fluid using high performance liquid chromatography and
      capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - 4-Oestren-3,17-dione (19-norandrostenedione) has been identified as a major
      steroid in porcine ovarian follicular fluid for the first time. This steroid was
      isolated by C18 reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and
      its structure was established unambiguously by capillary gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry. The mean concentration in pooled fluid obtained from prepubertal
      gilts determined by HPLC and capillary gas chromatography was 1.71 mumol/l. The
      leve of this steroid in fluid obtained from large preovulatory follicles of sows
      exceeded 21.0 mumol/l on days 19 and 20 of the oestrous cycle. The high levels of
      this steroid within the follicle during the follicular phase might imply a
      possible biological role in follicular development and oocyte maturation.

PMID- 4067492
TI  - Circadian variations in plasma calcium and calcitonin: effect of calcium
      deficiency and fasting.
AB  - Circadian fluctuations of plasma calcium and immunoassayable calcitonin levels
      were studied in normal and calcium-deficient 2-month-old rats. The relationship
      between these parameters was also studied in animals which had been fasted for
      short periods. The plasma calcium rhythm persisted and was even amplified in rats
      placed on a 4-week calcium-deficient diet. In these rats, as in normal rats, the
      plasma calcium concentration diminished during the dark period. Calcitonin levels
      increased at the onset of the feeding period in normal rats but, in calcium
      deficient rats, the pattern changed completely, with a major peak at the end of
      the light period and remaining at a low level during the dark feeding period.
      This modification of calcitonin rhythmicity appeared to be dependent on the
      degree of calcium deficiency. Fasting had little effect on calcitonin rhythms in
      either normal or calcium-deficient rats. It is concluded that the calcitonin
      rhythm is relatively independent of feeding per se and that there appears to be
      no simple relationship between plasma calcium and calcitonin concentrations. It
      is suggested that the results may best be interpreted as reflecting the presence
      of rhythmic endogenous phenomena which are intrinsic to calcium metabolism and
      its regulation in the rat.

PMID- 4067493
TI  - Electrical responses of cultured thyroid cells to serotonin.
AB  - Cultured porcine thyroid cells, maintained in the differentiated state by
      dibutyryl cyclic AMP, responded to serotonin (5-HT; 10 nmol/l to 1 mumol/l) with
      a depolarization of the membrane potential, but did not respond to histamine (100
      mumol/l) or dopamine (1 mumol/l). The resting membrane potential of these cells
      was about -71 mV, maximal concentrations of 5-HT (1 mumol/l) inducing a
      depolarization to approximately -53 mV. Methysergide or phenoxybenzamine, but not
      propranolol, abolished the response to 5-HT. Sensitivity to 5-HT was reduced by
      previous exposure of cultures to TSH, the beta-adrenoceptor agonist salbutamol or
      5-HT itself.

PMID- 4067494
TI  - Identification of 3 beta-hydroxy-5,7-androstadien-17-one as a secretory product
      of the fetal horse gonad in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - Isolation of 3 beta-hydroxy-5,7-androstadien-17-one, as a major component of
      steroids extracted from vein blood of the fetal gonads of the horse, supports the
      proposed role for the compound as a precursor for equilin formation in the
      placenta of the mare. The 5,7-diene was extracted from blood collected from
      gonadal veins of fetal ovaries and testes in situ, and from a fetal testis
      connected to an artery in the neck region of the mare. Perfusion of fetal gonads
      in the laboratory was carried out to allow longer periods of collection. In
      addition, isolated cell preparations from a fetal testis were incubated for 4-8 h
      in tissue culture to investigate steroid secretion in vitro. Final purification
      of neutral steroids in the extracts was carried out by high performance liquid
      chromatography, and identification was made by u.v. and mass spectrometry. The
      presence of 3 beta-hydroxy-5,7-androstadien-17-one in extracts from all sources
      provided evidence for its secretion in vivo and in vitro. Other 5,7-dienes, which
      were less polar than the C19 compound, were noted in extracts of media but not
      identified. These data support the view that a 5,7-diene pathway is involved in
      the biosynthesis of 3 beta-hydroxy-5,7-androstadien-17-one in the fetal horse
      gonad.

PMID- 4067495
TI  - Thyroxine concentrations and secretion rates in relation to pregnancy, lactation
      and energy balance in goats.
AB  - Plasma thyroxine (T4) concentrations were measured during pregnancy and lactation
      in goats on diets with different energy concentrations to study the role of T4
      secretion in metabolic adaptation to pregnancy and lactation. Thyroxine
      distribution space (the volume of fluid required to dissolve the total pool of
      circulating T4 at a concentration equal to that in the plasma) and secretion
      rates were determined by using 125I-labelled T4 at different stages of lactation
      and pregnancy. Plasma concentrations of T4 increased during lactation and reached
      maximum levels 4-5 months after giving birth. They then remained fairly constant
      for the following 2-3 months until the goats became pregnant again. Thyroxine
      concentrations decreased slightly during pregnancy and showed a sudden drop at
      the onset of lactation. Minimum concentrations were observed during the first 2-3
      weeks of lactation after which time concentrations increased slowly. Average
      concentrations for goats on a low-energy diet were consistently lower than those
      in goats on a high-energy consistently lower than those in goats on a high-energy
      diet. The mean secretion rate was 10.4 nmol day-1 kg body wt-0.75. The
      distribution spaces were much lower than the total extracellular space. The
      average distribution space in non-pregnant and pregnant goats was 11 and 5.3% of
      the body weight respectively. The decrease in T4 secretion rate and T4
      distribution space during pregnancy is considered to be part of a homeorhetic
      adaptation to the condition. The drop in T4 secretion rate at the onset of
      lactation appears to be a homeostatic adaptation to a decreased fuel supply,
      similar to the situation with fasting or energy malnutrition.

PMID- 4067496
TI  - Control of myoelectrical responses through reinforcement.
AB  - A classic experiment by Hefferline, Keenan, and Harford (1959) showed that small
      thumb-twitches, imperceptible to the subject, can be controlled by the
      consequences of terminating and/or postponing aversive noise. These findings were
      further investigated in three experiments reported here. Experiment 1 replicated
      the original study. Experiment 2 was a control study in which stimulus changes
      were presented as in Experiment 1, but independently of the responses. Under
      these conditions the response rate varied over a large range with no systematic
      relation to experimental events. The increments in response rate reported by
      Hefferline et al. were within the present range of variation, suggesting that
      conditioning in the earlier study may have reflected a consistency in the
      direction of change rather than an increase in rate beyond the baseline range. In
      the present experiment, however, the rate increase was absolute. In Experiment 3,
      analog rather than binary changes in stimulus conditions were used as
      reinforcement. Under these conditions, the rates of subjects whose responses were
      conditioned fell from 78% (in the previous experiment) to 31%.

PMID- 4067497
TI  - The quantal nature of controlling stimulus-response relations as measured in
      tests of stimulus generalization.
AB  - This paper is a selective review of research that addresses the validity of two
      interpretations of stimulus generalization. One interpretation, referred to as
      the descriptive stimulus-control interpretation, proposes that during stimulus
      generalization a continuous relation exists between stimulus and response
      dimensions. The other interpretation, referred to as the quantal interpretation,
      proposes that a stimulus-response relation functions as a unit that may or may
      not occur. From the latter viewpoint, the continuity typically obtained during
      generalization tests is deemed to be artifactual and to result from averaging
      across multiple controlling stimulus-response relations. Studies examining the
      contribution of these multiple relations to generalization gradients are
      reviewed. With few exceptions, the quantal interpretation appears to better
      characterize the results of these studies. Implications for peak shift, selection
      of analytical level, and identification of the behavioral unit are discussed, as
      well as factors that may determine the acceptability of the quantal
      interpretation.

PMID- 4067498
TI  - Oculomotor function at low temperature: antarctic versus temperate fish.
AB  - The peripheral oculomotor system can be modelled as a first order linear system
      (Montgomery, 1983), and hence specified by its characteristic frequency and
      'd.c.' gain. These parameters can be determined by recording eye movements
      produced by stimulation of the abducens nerve with sinusoidally modulated pulse
      trains, and compare well with those independently derived from the relationship
      between motoneurone firing and spontaneous eye movement. Characteristic frequency
      and gain of the peripheral oculomotor system were determined for two species of
      antarctic teleost and one temperate species, to examine temperature compensation
      within a complete motor output pathway. Compared with low temperature function in
      temperate fish, the characteristic frequency is clearly temperature compensated
      in antarctic fish, which explains in part the observed temperature compensation
      of their rapid eye movement. The 'd.c.' gain of the peripheral oculomotor system
      is inversely related to temperature, providing an automatic compensation for
      possible reductions in central nervous system output and sensory gain at low
      temperature.

PMID- 4067499
TI  - The mechanism of tubocurarine action on mechanoreceptor channels in the protozoan
      Stentor coeruleus.
AB  - (+)-Tubocurarine (TC) decreases the probability that the protozoan, Stentor
      coeruleus Ehrenberg, will contract in response to mechanical stimulation, because
      it selectively depresses mechanoreceptor currents. Resting membrane properties
      and action potentials are not significantly altered by the drug. Stentor
      incubated in media containing radioactively labelled TC (TC*) retain TC* after
      extensive washing despite a rather high apparent KD (19.7 mumol l-1). The
      incubation curve for TC* binding exhibits an initial exponential rise followed by
      a linear increase. Wash-out of bound TC* and elimination of the exponential
      component of the incubation curve is observed if the TC* incubation is followed
      by a 5-s exposure to 8% urea; therefore, the exponential component represents a
      reversible binding process. TC* binding in the exponential component is highly
      correlated (r less than -0.96) with the depression in receptor current and
      response probability when incubation time, drug concentration and drug
      (gallamine, TC, decamethonium and succinylcholine) are varied. These correlations
      suggest that the exponential binding is to functional mechanoreceptors.
      Mechanoreceptor currents are decreased by hyperpolarization and increased by
      depolarization, indicating that the mechanoreceptor channel is voltage-dependent.
      At hyperpolarized potentials the channels are in a form (the U form) which cannot
      be opened by mechanical stimulation; at depolarized potentials they are in a form
      (the R form) which can be opened. TC appears to bind to the U form with higher
      affinity than to the R form, since depolarization reduces the amount of bound TC*
      and relieves the depression of mechanoreceptor current produced by TC.

PMID- 4067500
TI  - The bone compartment in a teleost fish, Ictalurus punctatus: size, composition
      and acid-base response to hypercapnia.
AB  - An estimate of the total mass of bone in the Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus
      Rafinesque, was obtained by dissection. The wet weight of bone constituted 16.3
      +/- 1.9% (+/- S.D.) of the total (live) wet weight, and 25.0 +/- 2.1% of the dry
      weight. Of the dry skeletal material, 66.3 +/- 11.1% was soluble in strong acid.
      The acid-soluble material was about half mineral salts, consisting of 19.5 +/-
      2.21% Ca2+ and 27.6 +/- 3.22% PO4(3-), with minor fractions of Mg2+ (0.33%) and
      CO3(2-) (1.67%). The pH values of fluid compartments associated with skull and
      vertebral bone tissues were 7.420 +/- 0.026 and 7.444 +/- 0.017 (+/- S.E.),
      respectively, at a normocapnic plasma pH of 7.868 +/- 0.020. In response to
      external hypercapnia (7.5 Torr), the blood response consisted of an immediate
      decrease in pH, and a subsequent compensatory rise in both pH and [HCO3-]. This
      compensatory phase was accompanied by a net apparent H+ excretion to the water.
      The participation of the mineral salts of the bone compartment in compensation
      appeared to be negligible, since there was no significant change in either blood
      [Ca2+] or [PO4(3-)], nor any significant increase in calcium efflux to the water.
      The intracellular pH values of the bone compartments were only slightly higher
      than other tissues, and the changes in pHi during hypercapnia were similar in
      bone and white muscle. Thus, the bone compartment in the fish appears to be well
      regulated, relatively refractory to acute acid-base disturbance, and does not
      serve as an ion source during acid-base compensation.

PMID- 4067501
TI  - Renal excretion of magnesium in a freshwater teleost, Salmo gairdneri.
AB  - Infusion of magnesium salts into the body cavity of freshwater-adapted rainbow
      trout led to elevated plasma magnesium concentrations and to stimulation of renal
      tubular secretion of magnesium. The majority of the infused load was excreted
      renally, no net branchial excretion being detected. Magnesium sulphate infusion
      led to increased tubular secretion of sulphate. Magnesium chloride infusion led
      to reduced tubular reabsorption of chloride. Magnesium could either be reabsorbed
      or secreted in control freshwater-adapted trout, apparently as a function of
      nutritional status. Fish could switch from reabsorption to secretion in response
      to magnesium loading. It is suggested that freshwater fish eliminate excess
      dietary magnesium renally.

PMID- 4067502
TI  - Nervous control of the blood pressure in the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua.
AB  - Dorsal (PDA) and ventral aortic blood pressure (PVA) and heart rate (HR) were
      measured in conscious resting cod, Gadus morhua L., which has been allowed 24 h
      recovery from surgery. Plasma adrenalin and nonadrenalin concentrations in these
      fish were 3.4 and 2.2 nmoll-1 respectively, and thus lower than previously
      reported values from partially recovered cod. Twenty-four hours after treatment
      with the adrenergic neurone blocking agent bretylium, PDA was significantly
      reduced by 17% compared to sham-injected controls, although PVA and heart rate
      were unaltered. Subsequent alpha-adrenoceptor blockade by phentolamine produced
      no further fall in PDA and no changes in PVA or HR, provided a 5-h period was
      allowed to overcome the acute toxic side effects of phentolamine. The
      effectiveness of the bretylium or phentolamine blockade was confirmed by noting
      the absence of any vasoconstrictor response during sympathetic nerve stimulation
      in perfused tails from fish used in the in vivo experiments. Bretylium had no
      significant effect on the sensitivity of the isolated coeliac artery to
      adrenalin, but effectively blocked the adrenergic innervation of this artery or
      the vasculature of the tail. Evidence for a non-selective blockade of non
      adrenergic nerves to the heart was also obtained. It is concluded that the
      adrenergic tonus affecting the dorsal aortic blood pressure in resting cod that
      have recovered for 24 h following surgery is due solely to an adrenergic nervous
      tone.

PMID- 4067503
TI  - Innervation patterns of inhibitory motor neurones in the thorax of the locust.
AB  - The innervation pattern of inhibitory motor neurones of the locust has been
      revealed by intracellular recording from their cell bodies in the meso- and
      metathoracic ganglion and simultaneous recording from muscle fibres in a middle,
      or in a hind leg. Three neurones in each ganglion, the common inhibitor (CI =
      CI1), the anterior inhibitor (AI = CI2), and the posterior inhibitor (PI = CI3)
      innervate several muscles in one leg and are thus common inhibitory neurones.
      Metathoracic CI innervates 13 muscles in one hind leg and mesothoracic CI
      innervates 12 muscles in one middle leg. The muscles are all in the proximal
      parts of the legs and move the coxa, the trochanter and the tibia. Metathoracic
      AI and PI innervate four muscles in the more distal parts of one hind leg that
      move the tibia, the tarsus and the unguis. None of these muscles is innervated by
      CI. Each inhibitor innervates muscles that have different and often antagonistic
      actions during movements of a leg. AI and PI receive many synaptic inputs in
      common and show similar patterns of spikes during imposed movements of a tibia.
      Tests fail, however, to reveal evidence for any electrical or synaptic coupling
      between them. A revised scheme of nomenclature for these inhibitory neurones is
      proposed.

PMID- 4067504
TI  - Spontaneous efferent activity in branches of the vagus nerve controlling heart
      rate and ventilation in the dogfish.
AB  - Efferent activity was recorded from cranial nerves in the decerebrate dogfish
      (Scyliorhinus canicula) before and after injection of paralysing drugs. The
      recordings were made from the mandibular (Vth) and glossopharyngeal (IXth) nerves
      and the branchial (respiratory) and cardiac branches of the vagus (Xth) nerve.
      All the respiratory branches (Vth, IXth and Xth) and both cardiac branches fired
      rhythmic bursts of activity, synchronous with ventilation, which continued (at a
      higher rate) following paralysis, indicating that they originated in the CNS
      rather than arising reflexly from stimulation of pharyngeal mechanoreceptors. A
      burst of activity in the Vth nerve was followed by a burst in the IXth then,
      after a 30-ms delay, simultaneous bursts in the three respiratory branches of the
      Xth. The bursts in the branchial cardiac branches had a fixed phase relationship
      with activity in the respiratory branches, the onset of each burst preceding that
      in the immediately adjacent branch (branchial III), whereas the bursts in the
      visceral cardiac branches had a variable phase relationship with all other
      branches. The branchial cardiac branches alone contained units which fired
      sporadically between the bursts and increased their rate of firing during
      hypoxia. Both the bursting and non-bursting units responded to mechanical
      stimulation of the gill area. Separate oscillatory inputs driving the Vth, IXth
      and Xth respiratory motoneurones and an excitatory input to the bursting cardiac
      vagal motoneurones from expiratory motoneurones or the respiratory rhythm
      generator are implied by these relationships. The sporadically firing units in
      the branchial cardiac nerves clearly receive non-oscillatory inputs.

PMID- 4067505
TI  - The physiology of wandering behaviour in Manduca sexta. II. The endocrine control
      of wandering behaviour.
AB  - Removal of the prothoracic glands early during the 5th instar of Manduca sexta
      prevented the larvae from wandering and from further development. Infusion of 20
      hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) into these larvae induced wandering behaviour. In intact
      larvae, induction of precocious wandering behaviour required a 20-HE infusion
      lasting longer than 5 h. Infused 20-HE induced maximal response (90%) when
      delivered at a rate of 0.06 micrograms g-1 body weight h-1. At considerably
      higher concentrations (0.25 micrograms g-1 h-1 larvae performed brief, erratic
      behaviour or omitted wandering entirely. The latency between appearance of 20-HE
      and the onset of wandering was dose-dependent with a minimum of 11 h following
      infusion at 0.1 micrograms g-1 h-1. Latency was not affected by the duration of
      20-HE infusion. The duration of induced wandering behaviour was proportional to
      the duration of 20-HE infusion. Minimal wandering behaviour lasted 2 h following
      20-HE infusions at 5 h, while infusions lasting 11 h induced 9 h of wandering
      behaviour. Several lines of evidence suggest that the effects of 20-HE accumulate
      over time and directly determine the duration of wandering behaviour. Many larvae
      exhibited a series of temporally distinct locomotor periods following various 20
      HE infusion protocols, suggesting that a series of separate exposures to 20-HE
      can result in corresponding serial bouts of locomotion. Responsiveness to 20-HE
      appeared to be principally modulated by juvenile hormone. Allatectomy of 2nd, 3rd
      and 4th instar larvae removed juvenile hormone (JH) precociously from these
      stages and was followed several days later by precocious wandering behaviour.
      Likewise, application of the JH mimic, EGS, prior to 20-HE exposure or at the
      start of it, could prevent the behavioural induction. During the 5th instar, 20
      HE became increasingly effective in inducing wandering as larvae grew larger than
      5 g, the size at which JH normally begins to disappear from the haemolymph.
      Allatectomized 5th instar larvae responded directly to 20-HE a day sooner than
      larvae with normal JH titres, but before day 2 the effects of 20-HE on wandering
      behaviour appear to be indirect, requiring a latency greater than 24 h. Several
      processes, of which the elimination of JH is the last, appear to be required
      before 20-HE can induce wandering behaviour.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4067506
TI  - The characteristics of cardiac vagal preganglionic motoneurones in the dogfish.
AB  - Preganglionic vagal motoneurones supplying the heart of the dogfish have been
      located in the medulla by antidromic stimulation of the central cut end of the
      branchial cardiac branch of the vagus. They supplied axons with conduction
      velocities between 4.75 and 16.3 m s-1, which is similar to mammalian B fibres.
      Motoneurones were found in two locations: the rostromedial (N = 5) and lateral (N
      = 12) divisions of the vagal motor column. Their measured depths and rostrocaudal
      distributions with respect to obex corresponded with the location of branchial
      cardiac motoneurones determined by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) histochemistry.
      All the neurones located in the rostromedial division of the vagal motor column
      were spontaneously rhythmically active. Their activity contributed to the
      rhythmic, respiratory-related bursts in peripheral recordings of efferent
      activity from the branchial cardiac vagus. They could be induced to fire in a
      prolonged burst by mechanical stimulation of the gill arches. The neurones
      located lateral to the rostromedial division of the vagal motor column could be
      divided into three categories: (1) spontaneously, continuously active cells which
      could be induced to fire more frequently by mechanoreceptor stimulation, (2)
      silent cells which could be induced to fire by mechanoreceptor stimulation, (3)
      silent cells which did not respond to mechanoreceptor stimulation. It is
      concluded, from the response of the medial and two categories of lateral cells to
      mechanoreceptor stimulation (which results in a transient bradycardia), that
      branchial cardiac motoneurones from both these central locations exert a
      chronotropic influence on the heart.

PMID- 4067507
TI  - Acetylcholine depolarizes barnacle photoreceptors.

PMID- 4067508
TI  - Latent inhibition, habituation, and sensory preconditioning: a test of priming in
      short-term memory.
AB  - Four experiments tested priming in short-term memory as a model for latent
      inhibition and habituation. The model postulates that the two phenomena results
      from reduced processing when a representation of the target stimulus is already
      active (primed) in short-term memory at the time of its presentation. Priming is
      assumed to depend on the integrity of an association formed between the
      contextual stimuli and the conditional stimulus (CS) during exposure. Using a
      procedure that should have overshadowed the context, Experiment 1 found that
      latent inhibition and habituation were nevertheless maintained when a second CS
      of either equal or shorter duration overlapped with the target during exposure.
      Experiments 2, 3, and 4 showed that sensory preconditioning as well as
      habituation and latent inhibition were obtained with compound exposure, providing
      reasonable evidence that the added CS was indeed processed along with the target
      during exposure. These results are interpreted as being inconsistent with the
      priming model.

PMID- 4067509
TI  - On the role of differential sample behaviors in matching-to-sample.
AB  - Pigeons were trained on matching-to-sample (MTS) with differential sample
      response requirements that were identical with respect to two pairs of sample
      stimuli but were either correlated or uncorrelated with correct choice.
      Experiment 1A showed that birds in the uncorrelated condition were slower to
      reach criterion levels of accuracy than birds in the correlated condition in
      spite of their equivalent sample discriminations. However, correlated birds were
      more disrupted in their matching performances than the uncorrelated birds when
      subsequently switched to nondifferential sample-response requirements (Experiment
      1B). Experiment 2 showed that differential sample behaviors also generated higher
      levels of accuracy on delayed MTS when correlated with choice, and that accuracy
      in this condition did not differ as a function of whether the samples were hues
      or lines. Sample dimension did affect memory performance, on the other hand, in
      the uncorrelated condition. In Experiment 3, reversing differential sample
      response requirements for one pair of samples substantially reduced matching
      accuracy in the correlated group but had almost no effect in the uncorrelated
      group. These findings demonstrate that differential sample behaviors directly
      control pigeons' matching performances and also overshadow conditional stimulus
      control by the samples when these behaviors are predictive of correct choice. The
      facilitation in matching produced by differential sample behaviors apparently
      arises from the additional cue these behaviors provide, not because they enhance
      sample discriminability.

PMID- 4067510
TI  - Influences of delay and rate of reinforcement on discrete-trial choice.
AB  - An adjusting procedure was used to measure pigeons' preferences among
      alternatives that differed in the duration of a delay before reinforcement and of
      an intertrial interval (ITI) after reinforcement. In most conditions, a peck at a
      red key led to a fixed delay, followed by reinforcement, a fixed ITI, and then
      the beginning of the next trial. A peck at a green key led to an adjustable
      delay, reinforcement, and then the next trial began without an ITI. The purpose
      of the adjusting delay was to estimate an indifference point, or a delay that
      made a subject approximately indifferent between the two alternatives. As the ITI
      for the red key increased from 0 s to 60 s, the green-key delay at the
      indifference point increased systematically but only slightly. The fact that
      there was some increase showed that pigeons' choices were controlled by more than
      simply the delay to the next reinforcer. One interpretation of these results is
      that besides delay of reinforcement, rate of reinforcement also influenced
      choice. However, an analysis that ignored reinforcement rate, but considered the
      delays between a choice response and the reinforcers on subsequent trials, was
      able to account for most of the obtained increases in green-key delays. It was
      concluded that in this type of discrete-trial situation, rate of reinforcement
      exerts little control over choice behavior, and perhaps none at all.

PMID- 4067511
TI  - Learned helplessness and immunization: sensitivity to response-reinforcer
      independence in immunized rats.
AB  - In experiments 1 and 2, we examined the learned helplessness and immunization
      effects using a test in which appetitive responding was extinguished by
      delivering noncontingent reinforcers. Contrary to learned helplessness theory,
      "immunized" animals showed performance virtually identical to that of animals
      exposed only to inescapable shock, and different from nonshocked controls.
      Experiment 2 suggests that the helplessness effect and the lack of immunization
      are not due to direct response suppression resulting from shock. In Experiment 3,
      where the immunization effect was assessed by measuring the acquisition of a
      response to obtain food when there was a positive response-reinforcer
      contingency, immunization was observed. These results cannot be explained on the
      basis of proactive interference, but suggest that animals exposed to the
      immunization procedure acquire an expectancy of response-reinforcer independence
      during inescapable shock. Thus, immunization effects may reflect the differential
      expression of expectancies, rather than their differential acquisition as learned
      helplessness theory postulates.

PMID- 4067512
TI  - Temporal integration in duration and number discrimination.
AB  - Temporal integration in duration and number discrimination by rats was
      investigated with the use of a psychophysical choice procedure. A response on one
      lever ("short" response) following a 1-s white-noise signal was followed by food
      reinforcement, and a response on the other lever ("long" response) following a 2
      s white-noise signal was also followed by food reinforcement. Either response
      following a signal of one of five intermediate durations was unreinforced. This
      led to a psychophysical function in which the probability of a long response was
      related to signal duration in an ogival manner. On 2 test days, a white-noise
      signal with 5, 6, 7, 8, or 10 segments of either 0.5-s on and 0.5-s off or 1-s on
      and 1-s off was presented, and a choice response following these signals was
      unreinforced. The probability of a long response was the same function of a
      segmented signal and a continuous signal if each segment was considered
      equivalent to 200 ms. A quantitative fit of a scalar estimation theory suggested
      that the latencies to initiate temporal integration and to terminate the process
      are both about 200 ms, and that the same internal accumulation process can be
      used for counting and timing.

PMID- 4067513
TI  - Pavlovian conditioning of sexual arousal: first- and second-order effects.
AB  - Despite the likely importance of Pavlovian conditioning in sexual behavior,
      previous evidence of reliable or sizeable effects is very sparse. This report
      includes four experiments in the conditioning of sexual arousal in the males of a
      mammalian species, namely, the rat. In each case the unconditioned response (UR)
      was unconsummated arousal after exposure to a female. There was evidence of a
      substantial conditioned effect, as shown by decreases in the time to complete
      copulation during postconditioning conditioned stimulus (CS) tests. It is also
      possible to establish a second-order conditioned response (CR), which retains its
      strength even after extinction of the first-order response. These results confirm
      the power of Pavlovian contingencies in sexual responding and provide
      implications for conditioning theory and applied work.

PMID- 4067514
TI  - Plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate concentrations in relation to apo-aminotransferase
      levels in normal, uraemic, and post-myocardial infarct sera.
AB  - The concentrations of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, and the holoenzyme activities and
      apoenzyme contents of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in
      plasma were determined simultaneously in healthy individuals, patients with renal
      insufficiency with and without chronic haemodialysis and in patients with acute
      myocardial infarction. Plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is significantly diminished
      in uraemic patients and in post-myocardial infarct sera, healthy females have
      lower pyridoxal 5'-phosphate levels (26.2 +/- 9.0 nmol/l) than healthy males
      (41.0 +/- 15.1 nmol/l). The stimulation in vitro of the activities of aspartate
      aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase by addition of pyridoxal 5'
      phosphate (0.1 mmol/l) was found to be independent of the endogenous coenzyme
      level. In sera of uraemic patients without chronic haemodialysis an inverse
      statistic correlation between pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-induced stimulation of
      aspartate aminotransferase activity and the concentrations of urea (r = -0.696)
      and creatinine (r = -0.715) was found. The respective correlations are much
      weaker for alanine aminotransferase. The apoenzyme fraction was highest in post
      myocardial infarct sera. Follow up of these patients did not reveal any
      relationship between the fluctuations of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate levels and
      apoenzyme contents of both alanine aminotransferase and aspartate
      aminotransferase. The results permit the conclusion that the degree of in vitro
      stimulation of aminotransferases by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate can not be predicted
      from the endogenous coenzyme level.

PMID- 4067515
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of human serum serotonin.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay for extracted, N-acetylated human serum serotonin (5
      hydroxytryptamine) is described. Antisera were raised in rabbits against a
      conjugate of bovine serum albumin with serotonin hemisuccinamide. Polyethylene
      glycol in combination with anti-rabbit immunoglobulins was used to separate bound
      and unbound 125I-Bolton Hunter-serotonin conjugate. Ethanol precipitation of
      serum proteins was used to extract serotonin, which was subsequently acetylated
      with acetic anhydride to N-acetyl serotonin. The average recovery was 66%. The
      minimal detectable concentration of N-acetyl serotonin was 0.012 mumol/l serum
      (25 fmol per tube). The intra-assay precision (CV) was 6.8% (n = 20) at a level
      of 0.9 +/- 0.06 mumol/l. The inter-assay CV was 10% at a level of 0.49 +/- 0.049
      mumol/l, and 25% (n = 10) at a level of 2.16 +/- 0.53. Analytical recovery of
      serotonin, corrected for losses during extraction and acetylation, was 99 +/-
      13%. The only substance cross-reacting with the antibody was endogenous N-acetyl
      serotonin. This was detectable when the acetylation step was omitted, and it can
      be removed by extraction before the acetylation. The observed range for the
      concentration of serotonin in serum was for 59 women 0.45 - 3.46 (mean +/- SD:
      1.37 +/- 0.63 mumol/l) and for 59 men 0.19 - 2.8 (mean +/- SD: 1.18 +/- 0.56
      mumol/l). All values are corrected for endogenous N-acetyl serotonin: observed
      range 0 - 0.18 (mean +/- SD: 0.03 +/- 0.03 mumol/l).

PMID- 4067516
TI  - A continuous method for the estimation of adenosine deaminase catalytic
      concentration in pleural effusions with a Hitachi 705 discrete analyser.
AB  - An assay of adenosine deaminase activity in pleural effusions is described. For
      the continuous determination of adenosine deaminase, the liberated ammonia is
      estimated by coupling the liberated NH3 with 2-oxoglutarate. The reaction is
      followed by the decrease of NADH absorbance at 340 nm. The assay was optimized
      for a Hitachi 705 analyser, with respect to pH, adenosine concentration and
      glutamate dehydrogenase activity. The assay is linear to an adenosine deaminase
      catalytic concentration of 110 U/l. Elevated adenosine deaminase activities are
      found in pleural effusions of patients with tuberculosis, empyema and
      mesothelioma. Although elevated adenosine deaminase activity in pleural effusion
      is not pathognomonic for tuberculosis, it may be valuable as a first screening
      parameter.

PMID- 4067517
TI  - The variable reagent blank: protein determination as a model.
AB  - Three total protein assays were analyzed to determine the extent of deviation
      encountered when a constant measured reagent blank is compared to a continuously
      decreasing true reagent blank. This blank effect owes its regressive nature to
      the consumption of the active reagent ingredient by the protein reactive species,
      variably and sometimes, with certain reactants, nonlinearly in the presence of
      increasing protein concentrations. However, the blank effect of interest here is
      apparent only when the reagent and the reagent-protein complex present
      overlapping spectra and therefore absorb at the wavelength of measurement. Thus
      it was found that while the biuret and the Coomassie brilliant blue assays
      produced pronounced differences in the variable true reagent blanks, the Folin
      Ciocalteau reaction did not develop a deviation from the true blank since the
      reagent blank does not absorb to any extent at the assay wavelength. In this
      manner, the latter procedure could serve as a marker against which the former two
      blank reactions can be shown to display relatively excessive deviations.

PMID- 4067518
TI  - International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC), Education Committee and
      International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Guidelines (1985) for teaching
      of clinical chemistry to medical students.

PMID- 4067519
TI  - "Glucose effect" and rate limiting function of uroporphyrinogen synthase on
      porphyrin metabolism in hepatocyte culture: relationship with human acute hepatic
      porphyrias.
AB  - The effect of glucose on drug-promoted induction of porphyrin synthesis was
      studied in chick embryo liver cell culture with and without the addition of
      exogenous delta-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA). Induction of ALA synthase was
      abolished by haemin or glucose. Less than 10% of porphobilinogen is converted
      into protoporphyrin. Protoporphyrin synthesis cannot be enhanced by high ALA
      concentrations. The conversion of exogenous ALA into porphyrins decreases with
      increasing concentrations of ALA from 0.1 to 2.0 mmol/l, whereas porphobilinogen
      accumulates, thus reflecting the rate limiting function of uroporphyrinogen
      synthase, which is not influenced by glucose. This needle-eye-like function of
      uroporphyrinogen synthase within the porphyrin biosynthetic chain explains the
      urinary increase of ALA and porphobilinogen in the acute phase of variegate and
      coproporphyria, similar to that in acute intermittent porphyria. The "glucose
      effect" was also investigated in vivo in humans in 32 courses of hereditary acute
      hepatic porphyrias (acute intermittent porphyria, variegate porphyria,
      coproporphyria and porphobilinogen synthase defect porphyria). Patients were
      treated with high carbohydrate intake (approximately 500 g/24 h), mainly in the
      form of glucose infusions. There was a resulting consistent and highly
      significant decrease of porphyrin biosynthesis metabolites, accompanied by
      clinical improvement in most of the patients.

PMID- 4067520
TI  - Clinical significance of free plasma hydroxyproline measurement in metabolic bone
      disease.
AB  - Free hydroxyproline was measured in plasma of 67 normal subjects and in 70
      patients with bone disease including primary hyperparathyroidism (n = 19),
      osteoporosis (n = 18), Paget's disease (n = 14), cancer involving bone (n = 8),
      chronic renal failure (n = 6), and osteomalacia (n = 6), and osteomalacia (n =
      5). A good correlation was found between plasma and urinary values of the amino
      acid in normal subjects (r = 0.66; p less than 0.001). In patients with skeletal
      disorders a highly significant direct correlation was observed between free
      plasma hydroxyproline on the one hand and urinary hydroxyproline (r = 0.92; p
      less than 0.001) and serum alkaline phosphatase activity (r = 0.86; p less than
      0.001) on the other, even though there were a few examples of dissociations among
      these parameters. Free plasma hydroxyproline decreased in the patients with
      Paget's disease following chronic administration of salmon calcitonin. Following
      successful parathyroidectomy, free plasma levels of hydroxyproline decreased in
      all the cases studied. Measurement of free plasma hydroxyproline thus appears to
      provide a specific index of bone metabolism that may be usefully employed as an
      alternative to the assay of other markers of bone turnover.

PMID- 4067521
TI  - [Concentrations of free and bound 4-aminobutyric acid in human serum: reference
      values].
AB  - A rapid and sensitive procedure is described for the quantification of gamma
      aminobutyric acid in human plasma, using ion-exchange fluorescence. Analytical
      values for gamma-aminobutyric acid vary according to the method of
      deproteinization, storage conditions and sample treatment. A practicable and
      precise method for the evaluation of free and bound gamma-aminobutyric acid is
      presented. The mean concentration of the free neurotransmitter in neurologically
      normal control subjects was 142.4 +/- 13.1 nmol/l (n = 30). The mean
      concentration of the bound form was 438.6 +/- 51.1 nmol/l in the same subgroup.

PMID- 4067522
TI  - Annual meeting on clinical chemistry of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Klinische
      Chemie in cooperation with the Association of Clinical Biochemists and the
      Societe de Biologie Clinique. Mannheim, 25-28 September 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4067523
TI  - Geriatric mental health care by family physicians.

PMID- 4067524
TI  - Health care in Nicaragua.

PMID- 4067525
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 4067526
TI  - Six-year experience with graded exercise testing in a model family practice
      office.
AB  - The Office for Family Practice began in-office graded exercise testing utilizing
      the Bruce or Balke protocol in March of 1978. Over the past six years
      approximately 275 graded exercise tests have been done. The purpose of this paper
      is to outline the indications, results, complications, and follow-up of those
      patients who have had graded exercise testing done in the office over this six
      year period. These results demonstrate (1) the various indications and
      utilization of a treadmill machine in the family practice office setting, (2) the
      results of graded exercise testing and complications in those graded exercise
      tests done in the office in comparison with those reported in the literature done
      by other health care providers, and (3) the usefulness and applicability of
      graded exercise testing in the residency training and private practice setting.
      In addition to the above-collected data, the results of a questionnaire sent to
      former residents show the benefits of having training in graded exercise testing
      and also the applicability of this training in their practice settings. The
      results support the concept that graded exercise testing should be taught in the
      residency program and that this can be done both safely and effectively in the
      model office setting.

PMID- 4067527
TI  - Effectiveness of tuberculin skin test screening in a rural family practice.
AB  - Tuberculin skin tests were performed on 1,146 patients out of an active patient
      population of 3,112 patients over a ten-year period in a rural western New York
      State family practice. There were 19 new positive tuberculin reactions and six
      cases of active tuberculosis discovered in the population. All but two of the
      patients with new positive tuberculin reactions and all of the patients with new
      cases of active tuberculosis were members of at least one of the following high
      risk groups: (1) contract with an individual with active tuberculosis, or a
      positive family history of the disease; (2) immigrants to the United States; (3)
      a history of alcohol abuse; (4) having lived in an institutional setting; (5)
      health care personnel; and (6) having signs and symptoms of tuberculosis (cough,
      anorexia, weight loss, positive chest roentgenogram). All new cases of active
      tuberculosis were diagnosed because of symptoms. No asymptomatic person with a
      positive tuberculin test developed active disease during the study period. The
      positive predictive value of using risk factors to prescreen for the tuberculin
      skin test was 16 percent. The negative predictive value of not screening people
      without risk factors (because they will have a negative tuberculin test) was 99.8
      percent.

PMID- 4067528
TI  - Ethical problems of recording physician-patient interactions in family practice
      settings.
AB  - Recordings of actual physician-patient interactions are an important tool for
      family medicine education and research. Their use, however, poses two sets of
      ethical problems: one dealing with privacy and confidentiality, and another
      related to limitations upon informed consent in the context of ordinary medical
      care. Experience with audiotaping and videotaping led to engaging in a "principle
      based" method of ethical reasoning in which problems generated by difficult cases
      were examined in light of both current rules or guidelines and four fundamental
      ethical principles. Through this approach specific policies were developed for
      voluntary, informed consent and for protection of privacy, while recognizing that
      each case must be judged in the light of the physician's obligation to do the
      best for each patient.

PMID- 4067529
TI  - The sports medicine content of family practice.

PMID- 4067530
TI  - The trophotaenial placenta of a viviparous goodeid fish. III: Protein uptake by
      trophotaeniae, the embryonic component.
AB  - Protein uptake and degradation by trophotaenial cells of the viviparous goodeid
      fish Ameca splendens were studied colorimetrically and ultrastructurally using
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a tracer and acid (ACPase) and alkaline (ALPase)
      phosphatase cytochemistry. Trophotaeniae are ribbon-like external projections of
      the embryonic gut that are equivalent to greatly hypertrophied intestinal villi.
      During gestation within the ovarian lumen, trophotaeniae are directly apposed to
      the internal ovarian epithelium (IOE) where they establish a placental
      association between the developing embryo and maternal organism. Trophotaenial
      absorptive cells possess an ALPase reactive brush border, an endocytotic
      apparatus, and ACPase reactive standing lysosomes. Ultrastructural studies of
      protein uptake indicate that cells of the trophotaenial epithelium take up HRP by
      micropinocytosis and degrade it within lysosomes. Initially (from 1.5-10 min),
      HRP is taken up in vitro at 22 degrees C at the apical cell surface and passes
      via endocytotic vesicles into an apical canalicular system. From 1.5 to 10 min
      exposure, HRP passes passes from the apical canalicular system to a series of
      small collecting vesicles. After 10 min, HRP is detected within large ACPase
      reactive supranuclear lysosomes. Three hours after an initial 1 h exposure to
      HRP, most peroxidase activity within supranuclear lysosomes is no longer
      detected. Presence of Golgi complexes, residual bodies, and secretory granules in
      the infranuclear cytoplasm suggest that products of protein uptake and hydrolysis
      are discharged across basal and lateral cell surfaces and into the trophotaenial
      circulation. Trophotaeniae of embryos incubated in vitro in HRP-saline take up
      HRP at an initial rate of 13.5 ng HRP/mg trophotaenial protein/min. The system
      becomes saturated after 3 h. Trophotaeniae incubated at 4 degrees C show little
      or no uptake. In trophotaeniae continuously pulsed with HRP for 1 h, then
      incubated in HRP-free saline, levels of absorbed peroxidase declined at a rate of
      0.5 ng/mg trophotaenial protein/min. HRP does not appear to enter the embryo via
      extra-trophotaenial routes. These findings are consistent with the putative role
      of trophotaeniae as the embryonic component of the functional placenta of goodeid
      fishes. Trophotaenial uptake of maternal nutrients accounts for a massive
      (15,000%) increase in embryonic dry weight during gestation.

PMID- 4067531
TI  - The Limulus sperm motility-initiating peptide initiates acrosome reactions in sea
      water lacking potassium.
AB  - During fertilization in Limulus, the spermatozoa first attach to the egg and then
      undergo an acrosomal reaction. In this reaction, the acrosomal vesicle
      exocytoses, and a long, preformed acrosomal filament is extruded (and
      subsequently penetrates the egg chorion). The egg surface component that triggers
      the acrosome reaction has not yet been solubilized; therefore, previous studies
      have examined either spontaneous acrosome reactions or acrosome reactions that
      were triggered by eggs (or insoluble egg fragments), elevated extracellular Ca2+,
      or Ca2+ ionophores. In this study, we report a new method for initiating acrosome
      reactions in Limulus sperm. When the Limulus sperm motility-initiating peptide
      (SMI) is added to sperm in K+-free sea water, greater than 90% acrosome reactions
      are initiated within 5 min. However, less than 5% acrosome reactions occur either
      in K+-free sea water lacking SMI or when SMI is added to sperm in either normal
      sea water or K+- and Ca2+-free sea water. Experiments with K+ ionophores
      (nigericin and valinomycin), a K+ channel blocking agent (tetraethyl ammonium),
      an Na+ ionophore (monensin), and reagents that increase the intracellular pH
      (monensin, nigericin, and NH4Cl) indicate that changes in intracellular K+, Na+,
      or H+ do not mediate SMI-initiated acrosome reactions. The K+/Ca2+ ratio
      determines whether or not SMI will initiate acrosome reactions, with greater than
      50% acrosome reactions being initiated when this ratio is below 0.3. In that K+
      movement does not appear to be the critical event, possibly the K+/Ca2+ ratio
      either determines the rate of Ca2+ entry or controls the conformation of sperm
      surface molecules to allow SMI to initiate acrosome reactions in low K+.

PMID- 4067532
TI  - Testicular cell differentiation in fetal mouse ovaries following transplantation
      into adult male mice.
AB  - Testicular development is a complicated process involving differentiation and
      arrangement of several cell types. To analyze the process of testicular
      organization we examined the sequence of the appearance of testicular structures
      induced in fetal ovaries following transplantation. Fetal mouse ovaries on the
      twelfth day of gestation were transplanted beneath the kidney capsules of adult
      male mice. They continued to develop morphologically as ovaries until the
      eleventh day after transplantation, when seminiferous cord formation and
      testosterone production began in addition to follicle development (ovotestes).
      Between the eleventh and fourteenth day after transplantation, ovarian grafts
      frequently contained transitional structures consisting of Sertoli cells,
      pregranulosa cells, a third type of cells which show intermediate characteristics
      between Sertoli and pregranulosa cells, and oocytes enclosed by common basal
      lamina. Leydig cells or peritubular myoid cells were not found in the
      transitional area, whereas these cells were present around seminiferous cords
      composed only of Sertoli cells. Oocytes were absent or degenerated in the well
      developed seminiferous cords. The present findings suggest that, in ovarian
      grafts, pregranulosa cells can differentiate into Sertoli cells, which are
      responsible for the organization of the seminiferous cords, degeneration of
      oocytes, and differentiation of other testicular somatic cell types.

PMID- 4067533
TI  - Brain concentrations of cocaine and benzoylecgonine in fatal cases.
AB  - Since cocaine in blood rapidly hydrolyzes to benzoylecgonine, cocaine
      concentrations determined in postmortem blood may not reflect the presence or
      concentration of cocaine in the body at the time of death. The interpretative
      value of the determination of cocaine and benzoylecgonine in brain tissue was
      investigated. Cocaine and benzoylecgonine were quantitated by coextraction and
      formation of the propyl derivative of benzoylecgonine followed by selected ion
      monitoring gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using electron ion impact
      ionization. Cocaine and benzoylecgonine were found to be evenly distributed
      throughout the brain. Cocaine and benzoylecgonine concentrations were stable in
      frozen brain tissue (-4 degrees C) on reanalysis after 1 to 3 months of storage,
      and in refrigerated tissue (10 degrees C) after 30 days of storage. Blood, brain,
      and liver concentrations of cocaine and benzoylecgonine in 37 cocaine overdose
      cases and 46 cases in which cocaine was incidental to the cause of death were
      reviewed. The ratios of cocaine/benzoylecgonine in the toxic cases (brain mean
      14.7 and blood mean 0.64) were clearly different from those found in the
      incidental cases (brain mean 0.87 and blood mean 0.27). The brain/blood ratios of
      cocaine and benzoylecgonine concentrations generally were characteristic of the
      time elapsed since cocaine dosing. In cocaine overdose cases, the mean ratio was
      9.6 for cocaine and 0.36 for benzoylecgonine. These are within the range found in
      animal studies for brain/blood ratios of cocaine and benzoylecgonine 0.5 to 2 h
      after cocaine administration. In incidental cases, the brain/blood ratios were
      mean 2.5 for cocaine and 1.4 for benzoylecgonine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4067534
TI  - Concentrations of lidocaine and monoethylglycylxylidide (MEGX) in lidocaine
      associated deaths.
AB  - Concentrations of lidocaine and MEGX were determined in a variety of tissues and
      other samples collected at autopsy. In 13 of the cases examined in which
      lidocaine was associated with death, tissue concentrations were greater than 15
      mg/kg. Tissue concentrations in other patients treated with lidocaine were
      significantly lower.

PMID- 4067535
TI  - An in vitro study of the accuracy and precision of Breathalyzer models 900, 900A,
      and 1000.
AB  - Ninety Breathalyzer instruments (Model 1000) and twenty instruments (Models 900,
      900A) were studied using a protocol described by the Department of
      Transportation's "Standard for Devices to Measure Breath Alcohol." Although the
      mean of each of three concentrations tested (0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 g/210 L)
      compared favorably in both series, the standard deviation was consistently higher
      for the Model 1000 instruments. The Model 1000 instruments also produced a
      significant number of test results which exceeded the normally expected
      scientific deviation.

PMID- 4067536
TI  - Biomedical image processing for age measurements of intact teeth.
AB  - With increasing age the roots of teeth undergo sclerosis. The degree of dental
      root sclerosis can be demonstrated visually if light is transmitted through the
      specimen. However, this resultant image is only a two-dimensional (2-D)
      visualization which misrepresents what in truth is a three-dimensional (3-D)
      characteristic. We have described an image acquisition and computer processing
      system for imaging intact teeth, with special reference to the root transparency,
      which tends to progress from the root apex towards the neck of the teeth as a
      function of age. The components of our system involve: an energy source with
      light transmission through table-mounted dental specimens; an image processor
      with a digitizer; a step motor with a holder to rotate the tooth specimen; and a
      software package to computerize and reconstruct the sectional digital images.
      After rotating the position of the specimen, while at each rotation obtaining a 2
      D image of the sample, we then can reconstruct the true 3-D cross-sectional or
      longitudinal morphology or both from these 2-D images. With this new approach,
      the reconstructed dental images represent segments from different angles of the
      tooth specimen. Picture element values in each image, quantitatively indicate the
      optical density, expressing the age dependent pattern of the 3-D anatomy in toto.

PMID- 4067537
TI  - Osteometric analysis of sexual dimorphism in the sternal end of the rib.
AB  - Although there have been a number of radiological studies of the entire anterior
      thorax, no attempt has been made to establish a method of sex determination based
      on direct metrical analysis of an isolated rib. The present study attempts to
      determine sex from the sternal end of the fourth rib. The sample (144 males, 86
      females) was obtained from individuals of known age, sex, and race autopsied at a
      medical examiner's office. Three measurements (height, width, and sternal
      articular pit depth) were taken from each bone. The sample was divided into three
      groups: young, old, and the combined total and analyzed by means of stepwise
      discriminant function statistics. It was found that the accuracy of sex
      determination varied from 82% in the young and 89% in the old groups to 83% for
      the combined group. However, when a discriminant function formula developed for a
      different age group was used the accuracy of correct assessment diminished
      considerably. It was, therefore, concluded that sexual dimorphism can be detected
      by metrical analysis from the teens to the 70s and this dimorphism increases with
      age.

PMID- 4067538
TI  - Secreted blood group substances: distributions in semen and stabilities in dried
      semen stains.
AB  - A sensitive microplate hemagglutination-inhibition technique has been used to
      ascertain the distributions of secreted blood group substances (BGS) in a
      population of 176 semen specimens and to characterize the stability of these
      substances in dried semen stains. The BGS concentrations in semen were found to
      vary throughout a wide range of titer. Despite this latitude of variation, the
      titers for the component BGS within the blood groups could be described by a log
      normal distribution function. Studies of a number of sequential semen specimens
      obtained from the same donors revealed that the intraindividual variation in BGS
      titers was much more limited than the interindividual BGS titers. Attempts to
      correlate variations in titers between A and H in Group A semen or B and H in
      Group B semen indicated that the levels of these component substances vary
      independently. Studies of the stability of BGS in Groups A and O semen suggested
      that these substances were stable when the semen stains were stored at -20
      degrees C, 4 degrees C, or at ambient laboratory temperature in a dry state. In
      contrast, stains stored at 37 degrees C under humid conditions suffered a
      dramatic loss in BGS titer, with the half-life of the BGS being on the order of
      30 days.

PMID- 4067539
TI  - The effect of differences in gene frequency on probability of paternity.
AB  - Knowledge of gene frequencies in populations is required for the calculation of
      probability of paternity. The question remains open as to the degree of accuracy
      of gene frequency estimates required to give accurate probability of paternity
      figures. This is of special concern in the HLA system, which has haplotype
      frequencies known to vary in populations. This paper presents computer simulation
      data comparing probability of paternity calculations using HLA data from
      California and North Carolina. Comparisons were made between geographic regions,
      and between blacks and whites within a geographic region. It was found that when
      the absolute probability of paternity is high, the average differences induced
      were small, but at lower probabilities the changes can be large. Differences were
      most pronounced between black and white populations. Examples of individual cases
      are given to illustrate the huge differences that can be induced in some cases by
      changing gene frequency.

PMID- 4067540
TI  - Female homicide-suicide perpetrators: a controlled study.
AB  - The record files of the Dade County Medical Examiner Department were reviewed and
      133 homicide-suicides were identified. Of these, ten (or 7.5%) were female
      perpetrated. The chart data of these 10 female homicide-suicide perpetrators,
      chart data of 50 female homicide-suicide victims, and 50 female individual
      suicides systematically selected as controls were tabulated using a standardized
      instrument. The results were analyzed for differences using simple statistical
      methods. The comparisons revealed that female homicide-suicide perpetrators were
      more likely than female homicide-suicide victims to live in mobile homes, kill
      their lover or ex-lover, have their crime accidentally discovered, leave a
      suicide note, kill on a weekend, and be depressed, but are less likely than
      female homicide-suicide victims to live with a spouse. Additionally, female
      homicide-suicide perpetrators were more likely than individual female suicides to
      live in mobile homes but less likely to live alone and to be depressed.

PMID- 4067541
TI  - Cardiovascular abnormalities in children: a ten-year forensic pathologic study.
AB  - In order to obtain information on types, incidence, and significance of
      cardiovascular abnormalities in children, a total of 104 consecutive medicolegal
      autopsies of children aged 8 days to 16 years during a 10-year period from May
      1974 to April 1984 were studied. Extensive histological examination of the hearts
      was performed in 92 out of 104 cases and complemented with chemical and
      microbiological analyses. In the natural death group consisting of 53 children,
      26 (49%) showed abnormalities: 7 (13%) malformations, 11 (21%) cardiomyopathies,
      5 (9%) idiopathic subaortic hypertrophy, and 3 (7%) a heart weight only 50% of
      the expected weight. In the violent death ("control") group, abnormalities were
      found in 8 of 39 cases (21%), all of which were cardiomyopathy. Only 5 of 34
      cardiovascular abnormalities (every 7th case), all complex malformations, were
      clinically recognized. In 14 (15%) of the total 92 examined cases the
      cardiovascular abnormality was the only apparent cause of death, and in 12 (13%)
      a contributing cause of sudden unexpected natural death, while in 3 (3%) it was
      related to a fatal accidental injury. In 5 (13%) of the 39 cases of violent
      death, cardiomyopathy was an incidental finding without any connection to the
      circumstances or cause of death. The causes of cardiovascular abnormalities were
      associated with bacterial and viral infections, respiratory disorders, phenytoin
      sensitivity, or were unknown. Because of the differences in diagnostic criteria
      employed by previous investigators, it cannot be determined whether the incidence
      of the cardiovascular abnormalities and sudden cardiac death in children found in
      this material was higher than in other studies.

PMID- 4067542
TI  - Mental retardation, organic brain dysfunction, and the forensic clinician: some
      practical considerations.
AB  - Mental retardation as it is frequently interrelated with a variety of organic
      brain dysfunctions may present unclear clinical pictures. This has particular
      relevance for the forensic practitioner who often needs to present his findings
      to the court in a clearly demarcated manner. This paper outlines the more
      commonly encountered entities in this area with consideration to forensic science
      implications.

PMID- 4067543
TI  - Solid dosage forms: 1975-1983.
AB  - The changes in the types and drug content of solid dosage forms as analyzed in
      the ballistics program at the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Special
      Testing and Research Laboratory from 1975 to 1983 are discussed. Trends and
      patterns in stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogenic drugs are explained.

PMID- 4067544
TI  - Effect of sodium fluoride on cholinesterase activity in postmortem blood.
AB  - Thirty-two postmortem blood specimens, with and without sodium fluoride as
      preservative, were analyzed for cholinesterase activity by the Michel method. The
      fluoridated specimens, which contained from 0.7 to 31 mg/mL (average 6.3) of
      sodium fluoride, were found to exhibit cholinesterase activities that were 5 to
      59% (average 25%) lower than the duplicate unfluoridated specimens. We concluded
      that, while this decrease is quite significant, a fluoridated postmortem blood
      specimen may be used for the measurement of cholinesterase activity when a non
      fluoridated specimen is unavailable.

PMID- 4067545
TI  - Immunofixation of complement component C3 phenotypes in bloodstains after
      cellulose acetate electrophoresis.
AB  - The determination of the polymorphic C3 phenotypes was accomplished by
      electrophoresis on cellulose acetate followed by immunofixation. The three common
      phenotypes resulting from the two common codominant alleles C3S and C3F were
      clearly distinguishable in blood and bloodstain samples. Storage and degradation
      of C3 in blood samples as well as the stability of C3 in dried bloodstains is
      discussed.

PMID- 4067546
TI  - Shadow positioning technique: a method for postmortem identification.
AB  - Radiology is increasingly being used as a means of postmortem identification. We
      have devised a shadow positioning technique by which a postmortem radiograph of a
      skeletal part can exactly duplicate an antemortem radiograph, thus, faciliating
      identification by comparison of the antemortem and postmortem radiographs. The
      antemortem radiograph can be of any skeletal part and taken in any position.

PMID- 4067547
TI  - Strut fracture in a Bjork-Shiley aortic valve prosthesis.
AB  - Strut fracture can be a life-threatening adverse effect of mechanical prosthetic
      heart valves. This complication has occurred in the DeBakey, the Beall, the
      Cooley-Cutter and, most recently, the Bjork-Shiley valves. We report the case of
      a 35-year-old man who died suddenly 16 months after a 60 degree Bjork-Shiley
      Convexo-Concave heart valve prosthesis was inserted in the aortic position. At
      autopsy, the two welded attachments of the valve's outlet strut had fractured.
      The valve's tilting disc was found in his abdominal aorta.

PMID- 4067548
TI  - Fatal strychnine poisoning--a case report and review of the literature.
AB  - A typical case of suicidal strychnine poisoning by a rodenticide is presented.
      The forceful muscular convulsions were accompanied by a clear sensorium.
      Pathological findings consisted of an early onset of postmortem rigidity and
      microscopic hemorrhages with minimal degenerative neuronal changes in the spinal
      cord. The highest tissue concentrations of strychnine were found in the bile and
      liver. The pathophysiology and epidemiology of strychnine poisoning is reviewed
      and discussed in context.

PMID- 4067549
TI  - Multiple deaths resulting from shipboard exposure to trichlorotrifluoroethane.
AB  - During the course of dockside ship maintenance, a compartment was partially
      flooded with tricholotrifluoroethane gas. One sailor entered the compartment,
      collapsed, and was then rescued by two other men. All three victims then climbed
      a 11-m (36-ft) ladder and collapsed. They all experienced a rapid development of
      cardiac arrest. We report on the pathologic, toxicologic, and pathophysiologic
      aspects of the incident.

PMID- 4067550
TI  - Sudden infant death with periventricular leukomalacia.
AB  - Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a form of cerebral infarction occurring in
      neonates, particularly in low-weight and premature infants. PVL is well-known to
      neonatologists, but generally considered nonfatal. Many infants with PVL die in
      the hospital with multiple medical problems. Those infants with PVL who survive
      because of intensive care will have serious motor and sensory deficits, but these
      problems are rarely recognized before one year of age. When infants with PVL die
      at home, death seems sudden and unexpected. However, it is important to
      distinguish death caused by PVL from the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome because the
      implications for the family are quite different. This case report emphasizes that
      PVL may be fatal.

PMID- 4067551
TI  - Infanticide by starvation: calculation of caloric deficit to determine degree of
      deprivation.
AB  - A review of medical records and autopsy examination of a six-week-old male
      revealed the cause of death to be severe malnutrition with dehydration. Weight
      and caloric deficits were calculated to determine the degree of deprivation,
      which could be expressed as an interval of days for clear courtroom presentation.
      These calculations may be useful for quantifying the degree of malnutrition in a
      variety of child abuse cases.

PMID- 4067552
TI  - A rare suicidal case of a ten-year-old child stabbing himself in the throat.
AB  - A rare case is reported of a ten-year-old boy who committed suicide by stabbing
      himself in the throat with a pointed knife. Possibility of an accidental injury
      was excluded by the autopsy findings; suspicion of a homicide by his father was
      cleared through the deposition of his sister. The reason of suicide was
      attributed directly to his father's severe scolding and indirectly to his
      mother's death two years before.

PMID- 4067553
TI  - Air embolism complicating percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy.
AB  - This is a report of a lethal venous air embolism complicating percutaneous
      ultrasonic lithotripsy. Sudden death occurred during the course of the procedure.
      Evidence of air embolism was detected at autopsy. Air embolism occurred because a
      suction pump was connected backwards, forcing air into the urinary tract rather
      than aspirating irrigating fluid as intended. This mishap has not previously been
      reported as a complication of this procedure.

PMID- 4067554
TI  - Quality assurance--considerations in the expression of professional evaluations
      from examinations.

PMID- 4067555
TI  - Laboratory management: preliminary analysis of narcotics evidence.

PMID- 4067556
TI  - Electrophoresis in forensic sciences.

PMID- 4067557
TI  - Request for information.

PMID- 4067558
TI  - Experience with routine thyroid function testing: abnormal results in "normal"
      populations.

PMID- 4067559
TI  - Aberrant right subclavian artery as a cause of respiratory distress and dysphagia
      in an adult.

PMID- 4067560
TI  - Computerized tomography and electroencephalography in childhood coma: which test
      should be performed first?

PMID- 4067561
TI  - Present status of scoliosis screening in Florida schools.

PMID- 4067562
TI  - Medical unions: the potential and the pitfalls.

PMID- 4067563
TI  - The plague is spreading.

PMID- 4067564
TI  - Legal and ethical implications of joint ventures.

PMID- 4067565
TI  - Malpractice relief not on the way yet.

PMID- 4067566
TI  - Federal liability law needed.

PMID- 4067567
TI  - Thin needle aspiration biopsy as diagnostic tool: community hospital experience.

PMID- 4067568
TI  - Toxic environmental substances and concerns of their effects on public health.

PMID- 4067569
TI  - Risk factors for tumor recurrence after radical hysterectomy for stage IB
      squamous cancer of cervix.

PMID- 4067570
TI  - Hospital medical staffs: the future is now.

PMID- 4067571
TI  - Intracellular calcium transients and developed tension in rat heart muscle. A
      mechanism for the negative interval-strength relationship.
AB  - The purposes of the present study were to determine (a) whether changes of
      intracellular [Ca2+] (Cai) can account for the decrease of developed tension
      observed in rat heart muscle when stimulation rate is increased, and (b) whether
      the effect of stimulation rate on Cai is altered in conditions in which the rate
      of repriming of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is altered, as when perfusate
      [Ca2+] (Cao) is increased, and in heart muscle from senescent animals. The
      photoprotein aequorin was used to monitor Cai in rat papillary muscles. In
      muscles from 6-mo-old rats, increasing the stimulation rate in the range 0.2-0.66
      Hz led to parallel decreases of both the aequorin light transient and developed
      tension when Cao was 2 mM. When Cao was increased to 4 mM, changes in the
      stimulation rate had less effect on both the light transient and tension. At 8 mM
      Cao, changing the stimulation rate had no effect on either the light transient or
      developed tension. Papillary muscles from 24-mo-old rats, in which SR function is
      likely to be depressed, exhibited a prolonged Ca2+ transient and twitch. At a Cao
      of 4 or 8 mM, increasing the stimulation rate from 0.33 to 0.66 Hz still led to
      decreases in the size of the aequorin light transient and developed tension in
      these muscles. Developed tension and aequorin light responded to increases of Cao
      in the same way in both groups of muscles. We conclude that under the conditions
      of our experiments, developed tension is determined by Cai. The negative interval
      strength relationship observed when Cao is in the physiological range can be
      accounted for by a time-dependent recycling of Ca2+ by the SR. The effects of
      increasing Cao and the age-related differences observed at high Cao can also be
      accounted for using this model.

PMID- 4067572
TI  - Mechanism of the increase in cation permeability of human erythrocytes in low
      chloride media. Involvement of the anion transport protein capnophorin.
AB  - When human erythrocytes are suspended in low-Cl- media (with sucrose replacing Cl
      ), there is a large increase in both the net efflux and permeability of K+. A
      substantial portion (greater than 70% with Cl- less than 12.5 mM) of this K+
      efflux is inhibited by the anion exchange inhibitor DIDS (4,4'
      diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid). This inhibition cannot be explained
      as an effect of DIDS on net Cl- permeability (Pcl) and membrane potential, but
      rather represents a direct effect on the K+ permeability. When cells are reacted
      with DIDS for different times, the inhibition of K+ efflux parallels that of Cl-
      exchange, which strongly indicates that the band 3 anion exchange protein
      (capnophorin) mediates the net K+ flux. Since a noncompetitive inhibitor of anion
      exchange, niflumic acid, has no effect on net K+ efflux, the net K+ flow does not
      seem to involve the band 3 conformational change that mediates anion exchange.
      The data suggest that in low-Cl- media, the anion selectivity of capnophorin
      decreases so that it can act as a very low-conductivity channel for cations. Na+
      and Rb+, as well as K+, can utilize this pathway.

PMID- 4067573
TI  - Absence of error-prone repair in a Vibrio species.
AB  - The effect of various DNA-damaging agents on a Vibrio species was investigated.
      The organism was readily mutable by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and
      mitomycin C but not by UV light. No Weigle reactivation of UV-irradiated alpha 3a
      phage was detected. These results suggest that an error-prone repair mechanism is
      lacking in this species.

PMID- 4067574
TI  - Langmuir and scatchard parameters do not describe the binding of Actinomyces
      viscosus to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite.
AB  - The binding of Actinomyces viscosus T14V to saliva-treated spheroidal
      hydroxyapatite (SHA) beads was studied. The association constant (K) and the
      total number of binding sites (N) obtained from the Langmuir plots were in good
      agreement with those reported by other workers (approx. 3 X 10(-8) and 3 X 10(8),
      respectively). The values for N obtained from Scatchard plots differed from those
      obtained from Langmuir plots by factors of 10(6) or more. These results suggest
      that either these equations are inappropriate to describe binding or certain
      assumptions regarding this system are not being met. The use of these models
      requires, among other constraints, that the process be reversible and that
      measurements be taken at equilibrium. A method was developed which allowed a
      close examination of the equilibrium dynamics without perturbation of the system.
      The results suggest that the adsorption process is only poorly reversible.
      Adsorption to SHA was not at equilibrium after 1.5 h. Even when bacteria were
      allowed to adsorb for longer periods, and the system appeared to approach
      equilibrium, the increased time of adherence did not significantly alter the
      derived K or N values. Our results suggest that the use of Scatchard and Langmuir
      plots is inappropriate to describe binding of A. viscosus to SHA.

PMID- 4067575
TI  - Interaction between human polymorphonuclear leucocytes and Chlamydia trachomatis
      elementary bodies: electron microscopy and chemiluminescent response.
AB  - Incubation of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (HPMN) with highly purified
      Chlamydia trachomatis serotype L2/434/Bu elementary bodies (EB), in the presence
      and absence of specific antibody, resulted in a 10(3)-fold reduction of viable
      count after 24 h incubation. Electron microscopy observations indicated
      activation of the HPMN by the EB. Attachment of the EB to the HPMN cell membrane,
      formation of a cytoplasmic cup and EB-containing vacuoles were observed. In
      addition, two types of phagocytic vacuoles were observed after 30 min incubation;
      in one type, a single EB was tightly surrounded by the vacuolar membrane, while
      the other type was enlarged and held one or more intact EB or degenerated EB or
      both. A fuzzy coat was observed on EB located in the HPMN vacuoles only in the
      presence of specific antibody. Empty vacuoles containing degenerated EB were
      observed in the HPMN after 24 h incubation. HPMN exposed to EB of C. trachomatis
      produced a marked chemiluminescent response with a peak 14 times greater than the
      peak value of the control. A second stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13
      acetate and zymosan was achieved. The chemiluminescent peak value in the presence
      of heat-treated EB (56 degrees C, 20 min) was 50% of that obtained in the
      presence of untreated EB. The significance of the chemiluminescent response in
      the killing mechanism of C. trachomatis EB by HPMN is discussed.

PMID- 4067576
TI  - Amino acid transport by prosthecae of Asticcacaulis biprosthecum: evidence for a
      broad-range transport system.
AB  - Prosthecae purified from cells of Asticcaulis biprosthecum possess active
      transport systems that transport all 20 amino acids tested. Using ascorbate
      reduced phenazine methosulphate in the presence of oxygen, all 20 amino acids are
      accumulated against a concentration gradient by isolated prosthecae. Results of
      experiments testing the inhibition of transport of one amino acid by another, and
      of experiments testing the exchange of exogenous amino acids with those preloaded
      in prosthecae, along with characteristics of mutants defective in amino acid
      transport, suggest the presence in prosthecae of three amino acid transport
      systems. One, the general or G system, transports at least 18 of the 20 amino
      acids tested. Another system, referred to as the proline or P system, transports
      seven amino acids (including proline) that are also transported by the G system.
      The third system transports only glutamate and aspartate, and is referred to as
      the acidic amino acid transport system or A system.

PMID- 4067577
TI  - The photosensitizing activity of haematoporphyrin on mollicutes.
AB  - The photosensitizing activity of haematoporphyrin (HP) on Mycoplasma hominis and
      Acholeplasma laidlawii was studied as a function of the phase of growth and the
      amount of sterols in the cell membrane. Less HP was bound to cells when the
      membrane had a high sterol content. Both strains in the exponential but not in
      the stationary phase of growth were sensitive to HP treatment (above 1 microgram
      ml-1) in the dark. Visible light irradiation of HP-loaded cells caused in all
      cases a decrease of cell survival, with concomitant changes in the pattern of
      membrane proteins that suggested protein-protein cross-linking, and the
      appearance of ultrastructural alterations (rounded and lysed cells); the
      photosensitivity was indirectly related to the sterol content of the cell
      membrane. On the whole, our findings suggest that the cell membrane is a major
      target for HP photosensitization of mycoplasma cells.

PMID- 4067578
TI  - Additional differentiating characters of the two subspecies of Staphylococcus
      hyicus.
AB  - Forty-five strains of Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus and 36 strains of S.
      hyicus subsp. chromogenes were examined for bacteriolytic activity with the same
      assay system previously used in taxonomic studies on staphylococci. The two
      subspecies differed from each other chiefly in that for optimal lytic activity S.
      hyicus subsp. hyicus strains required a higher salt concentration in the test
      medium than S. hyicus subsp. chromogenes strains. The lack of lytic activity on
      B15TP1 medium was a major difference between S. hyicus and S. aureus, and the
      lack of activity on TP2P medium was a major difference between S. hyicus and S.
      intermedius. Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) were studied in 40 S. hyicus
      strains. The S. hyicus subsp. hyicus strains had only one PBP (mol. wt 79 000)
      while the S. hyicus subsp. chromogenes strains had three distinct PBPs (mol. wts
      84 000, 82 000 and 79 000).

PMID- 4067579
TI  - Identification of some streptomycetes producing oxytetracycline.
AB  - A study was made of Streptomyces rimosus and mutant strains to compare the
      phenotype of high and low oxytetracycline producers. Strains were identified
      using a probabilistic identification matrix for the genus Streptomyces. Mutant
      strains separated into two groups: high-titre strains and blocked mutants. The
      former identified with the S. rimosus cluster whereas the latter were not
      identified. Two further oxytetracycline producers identified with the
      Streptomyces lydicus cluster.

PMID- 4067580
TI  - An ultrastructural study of the gastric campylobacter-like organism
      'Campylobacter pyloridis'.
AB  - Microaerophilic spiral organisms may be isolated frequently from samples of
      gastric mucus taken from patients undergoing gastroscopy. The ultrastructure of
      these gastric campylobacter-like organisms ('Campylobacter pyloridis') shows that
      they have greater affinities with Spirillum than with Campylobacter.

PMID- 4067581
TI  - Adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus to a
      hydrophobic biomaterial.
AB  - The relative surface charge and hydrophobicity of 16 strains of Staphylococcus
      epidermidis showed large variations. For this species no relationship between the
      two surface parameters was found. A highly negative surface charge was observed
      in all seven encapsulated strains (one S. epidermidis and six Staphylococcus
      saprophyticus strains). The adhesion of the staphylococci to fluorinated
      polyethylene-propylene films was not related to the relative surface charge and
      the hydrophobicity of the bacteria. On films pre-exposed to human plasma, the
      bacterial adhesion was substantially reduced. Mechanisms involved in the adhesion
      of coagulase-negative staphylococci to this biomaterial are discussed.

PMID- 4067582
TI  - The structure of adenovirus chromatin in infected cells.
AB  - The structure of adenovirus chromatin in infected cells was studied by
      micrococcal nuclease digestion and hybridization with virus-specific probes. In
      the early phase of infection (5 h) a significant proportion of viral molecules
      was organized like actively transcribed cellular chromatin. As expected for a
      transcriptionally active population of molecules, even at high multiplicity of
      infection the nucleosomal repeating pattern was less distinct than in a
      transformed cell which contained the corresponding but less active genomic
      region. The observed repeating pattern in infected cells was unlikely to be due
      to integrated molecules since less than 0.07% of input genomes became associated
      with cellular DNA. After the onset of viral DNA replication, the pool of viral
      chromatin organized like cellular chromatin rapidly increased. In addition, newly
      replicated molecules also maintained the cellular chromatin-like organization as
      measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation after the cessation of cellular DNA
      synthesis. These data suggest that newly replicated viral molecules are organized
      by histones into cell-like chromatin throughout the infection cycle. Coincident
      with the peak of viral DNA and core protein synthesis, and the decline of histone
      synthesis, the late, core-like non-repeating viral chromatin became dominant,
      increasingly obscuring the underlying repeating pattern. Experiments suggest that
      this late chromatin is destined for encapsidation, that the early chromatin
      persists and that viral core proteins do not displace histones on viral DNA. A
      model is proposed suggesting that transcription and type I replication occur on
      histone-condensed templates, while type II replication products late in infection
      are condensed by core proteins and are destined for encapsidation.

PMID- 4067583
TI  - LeDantec virus: identification as a rhabdovirus associated with human infection
      and formation of a new serogroup.
AB  - LeDantec virus, originally recovered in 1965 from a patient with a febrile
      illness in Senegal, was observed by thin section electron microscopy to be bullet
      shaped, representative of members of the rhabdovirus group, with mean dimensions
      of 164 X 78 nm. Particles were observed budding from the plasma membrane and
      moderate numbers accumulated in the intercellular spaces. In three mammalian cell
      lines, LeDantec virus was rapidly cytopathic and replicated to moderately high
      titres. In complement fixation tests with other known rhabdoviruses, LeDantec was
      found to be related to Keuraliba virus, a previously ungrouped agent isolated
      from rodents in Senegal in 1968. We propose the formation of a new LeDantec
      serogroup comprising these two viruses.

PMID- 4067584
TI  - Expression of recombinant vaccinia virus-derived alphavirus proteins in mosquito
      cells.
AB  - A recombinant vaccinia virus strain which contains and expresses a 26S cDNA
      insert encoding Sindbis virus structural proteins (VV:3S) was used to infect a
      continuous line of Aedes albopictus mosquito cells. There were not visible
      cytopathic effects due to the virus infection and the cells continued to grow
      normally. However, examination of the proteins present in the cytoplasm of the
      infected cells with Sindbis virus-specific antisera revealed that Sindbis virus
      proteins were being synthesized and processed. These results are discussed with
      respect to vaccinia virus as a non-lethal expression vector to deliver and
      express eukaryotic genetic information in insect cell systems and using this
      system (VV:3S) to dissect various facets of togavirus-insect cell interactions.

PMID- 4067585
TI  - Identification of dengue type 2 virus-specific high molecular weight proteins in
      virus-infected BHK cells.
AB  - Evidence is presented for the production in dengue type 2 virus (DEN-2)-infected
      BHK cells of large virus-specific proteins with molecular weights up to 250 000.
      These proteins were most prominent in lysates of cells which had been labelled
      with [35S]methionine for 7 to 15 min. During pulse-chase experiments, these high
      mol. wt. proteins appeared to be converted into smaller, more stable, proteins
      with mol. wt. between 10 000 and 98 000. Finally, inhibition of proteolysis
      prevented the chasing of label from the high mol. wt. proteins to the smaller
      viral proteins which normally accumulate in DEN-2-infected cells. These findings
      are consistent with the idea that processing of large polyprotein precursors
      plays an important role in the production of flavivirus proteins.

PMID- 4067586
TI  - Two monoclonal antibodies against La Crosse virus show host-dependent
      neutralizing activity.
AB  - Mammalian and arthropod cell cultures were used to assess the neutralizing
      activity of six monoclonal antibodies specific for the G1 glycoprotein of La
      Crosse virus. Four antibodies, two neutralizing and two non-neutralizing, showed
      no host-dependent differences, giving similar results when post-treatment
      infectivity was determined using either Aedes albopictus cells or BHK-21 cells.
      For two other antibodies, however, dissimilar activities were observed between
      the vertebrate and invertebrate cell lines. One of these antibodies was positive
      when BHK-21 cells were employed as the post-treatment host and negative when
      mosquito cells were used; the other antibody was the converse. The epitope for
      this last antibody was present on all California serogroup viruses examined,
      which suggests that it may have a special significance in the natural life-cycle
      of the virus.

PMID- 4067587
TI  - Immunization against hepatitis B: report on a WHO meeting on viral hepatitis in
      Europe.

PMID- 4067588
TI  - Immune responses to late booster doses of hepatitis B vaccine.
AB  - Nineteen healthy young adults were vaccinated with plasma-derived hepatitis B
      vaccine at months 0, 1, and 12, and their immune responses were compared to those
      of a similar group of 20 vaccinees immunized at months 0, 1, and 6. Late booster
      injections at 12 months produced nearly fivefold higher geometric mean anti-HBs
      levels than those of the control group. The higher anti-HBs values may lead to
      longer persistence of anti-HBs and thus to longer protection against hepatitis B.

PMID- 4067590
TI  - A new tactile illusion: temporal limits on the processing of spatiotemporal
      patterns.
AB  - A novel illusion was observed when 12 tactile point-stimulators arranged in a
      circle were sequentially activated so that each quadrant was first traced in a
      clockwise manner, then counterclockwise, and again in a clockwise manner, after
      which the next quadrant was similarly traced. Under certain temporal conditions
      this stimulus pattern was experienced as a point moving through an overall
      circular path but looping inwardly about once per quandrant. The effects of
      variations in rate of presentation of such stimuli were investigated by having
      subjects make drawings of their perceptual experiences. Three skin surfaces were
      used (palm, fingers, and forearm), and all produced similar results except for
      lower confidence and reliability of drawings made from forearm stimulation.
      Pattern presentation rate, however, had a consistent and powerful effect, with
      the looping illusion most frequently observed at rates around 25 pattern points
      per s and with different perceptual organizations dominating as rates departed
      widely from this optimum. The illusory perceptual organizations were interpreted
      as compromises between past and present stimulation necessitated by the relative
      slowness of tactile processing of spatiotemporal patterns.

PMID- 4067589
TI  - Hepatitis B virus in Gizan, Saudi Arabia.
AB  - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to study the prevalence
      rates for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to surface antigen
      (anti-HBs), and antibody to core antigen (anti-HBc) in 724 voluntary donors,
      students, pregnant women and those seeking treatment for minor ailments in the
      Gizan area of Saudi Arabia. Tests for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and e
      antibody (anti-HBe) were made in HBsAg positive sera. There was serological
      evidence of an existing or earlier infection in 337 Saudis (46.5%), of whom 12.7%
      were HBsAg carriers, 25.4% were positive for anti-HBs, and 8.4% were positive
      only for anti-HBc. The percentage of HBsAg carriers was 19.9% and 9.3% in males
      and females, respectively (p less than 0.001). The evidence of existing or
      earlier infection in males (58.7%) was significantly higher than in females
      (38.7%) (p less than 0.001), with no intersex difference in anti-HBs or anti-HBc.
      No difference was observed in the positivity of either of the markers, alone or
      together, between the cord blood and the female population in the child-bearing
      age of 20-39 years. Corresponding to the values in other age groups, there was an
      overall fall in the number of HBsAg carriers during adolescence as well as in 20
      39-year-old females. Among the HBsAg carriers, there was no significant
      difference between the two sexes for HBeAg and anti-HBe positivity. The HBsAg
      carrier rate of 19.9% in males is consistent with the high male dominant
      prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Gizan area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 4067591
TI  - Hypnotic susceptibility, interference, and alternation frequency to the Necker
      cube illusion.
AB  - Two experiments (N = 60) were conducted to determine the effects of hypnotic
      susceptibility and interference on frequency of Necker cube apparent reversals
      (ARs). Interference was induced in Experiment 1 by having subjects respond to
      orally administered double-digit arithmetic (addition) problems while observing
      the Necker cube. In Experiment 2, counting backward by 3s served as interference.
      In both experiments, interference reduced ARs. Hypnotic susceptibility level also
      influenced ARs, with those scoring high on this attribute reporting more ARs than
      those scoring low. Attentional factors may have played a major role in producing
      the reported results.

PMID- 4067592
TI  - Reflection-impulsivity in Mexican children: cross-cultural relationships.
AB  - Urban Mexican children aged 5 (n = 23) and 9 (n = 87) years were given the
      Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFFT). The results indicate that the MFFT was a
      valid test of cognitive style for Mexican children. The younger children's MFFT
      performance was characterized as fast and inaccurate in relation to the older
      children's performance, which was slower and more accurate. Cross-cultural
      comparisons of Mexican MFFT scores with normative data from America, Japan, and
      Israel indicated that Mexican children were relatively impulsive in cognitive
      style in relation to children of other cultures. Potential factors contributing
      to these cross-cultural differences are discussed here.

PMID- 4067593
TI  - Maladaptive coping reactions to stress. A study of illness inception.
AB  - Eleven ways in which people might react to life stress were studied in a sample
      of 576 Edinburgh women. For each item the subjects were asked whether they had
      reacted that way in general in the past 6 months and whether they had reacted in
      that way in response to any specific life stresses they had experienced. Being
      angry with oneself, being angry with others, rumination, use of alcohol, and use
      of tobacco all discriminated between those who were well and those who were
      psychiatrically ill at first interview and these items were formed into a 6-point
      scale of maladaptive reaction, based largely on specific response. The
      researchers conducted a follow-up analysis of 306 women who were well at first
      interview, 35 of whom suffered a psychiatric illness episode (23 depression, 12
      anxiety) within the subsequent year. Maladaptive reaction at interview one
      predicted later illness inception, even after taking life stress into account.
      Several extraneous variables were considered, none of which could explain this
      effect. Maladaptive reaction seemed sometimes to lead to illness even when there
      was only minimal later life stress. Attempts to find coping reactions which
      afford protection against illness inception were unsuccessful.

PMID- 4067594
TI  - Predicting quality of alliance in the initial psychotherapy interview.
AB  - A constellation of theoretically relevant pretherapy patient variables--object
      relations, psychological mindedness, hope for success, psychic pain, and
      intrapsychic flexibility--were used to predict patient therapeutic alliance
      readiness during the initial psychoanalytic psychotherapy interview. Therapeutic
      alliance readiness was viewed as a dual concept, assessed by psychological
      freedom, a variable measuring patient expressiveness, and quality of alliance, a
      variable measuring patient collaborativeness. A significant amount of the
      variance (approximately 40%) in the combined dependent alliance readiness
      variables was predicted from the pretherapy constellation of variables. As
      anticipated by psychoanalytic theory and related psychotherapy research, quality
      of object relations accounted for the greatest part of the variance (about 30%)
      in both the expressive and collaborative dimensions of psychoanalytic alliance
      readiness behavior. These findings are discussed in terms of predictor variables
      specific to alliance behavior, and eventually to outcome, as anticipated by the
      theory within any particular form of psychotherapy. A model for future
      psychotherapy research, based on a prediction-type equation approach, is
      presented.

PMID- 4067595
TI  - Patient predictors of process and outcome in short-term individual psychotherapy.
AB  - Twenty-one psychiatric outpatients were treated with short-term,
      psychoanalytically oriented, individual psychotherapy. Outcome ratings were
      provided by the patient, the therapist, and an independent assessor. Process
      ratings were provided by the patient and the therapist at the end of therapy.
      From a series of multiple regression analyses two pretherapy predictor scores
      (defensive style of the patient, object choice of the patient) emerged as good
      predictors of several of the process and outcome ratings. The two predictor
      scores were statistically independent of one another and were not significantly
      related to initial severity of disturbance. Attention to these two concepts in
      future research and in clinical assessment of patients for short-term individual
      psychotherapy is recommended.

PMID- 4067596
TI  - International experience with DSM-III.
AB  - The authors investigated various aspects of the international use of and
      experience with DSM-III through a consultation by mail sponsored by the World
      Psychiatric Association. The respondents were 175 expert diagnosticians nominated
      as such by the national psychiatric associations of 52 countries spanning all
      continents. The United States diagnostic system was used by 72% of the
      participants, only slightly less than the internationally official International
      Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, ninth revision (ICD-9)
      (77%). Furthermore, DSM-III was perceived to be considerably more useful than the
      current international classification manual. The leading difficulties encountered
      with DSM-III involved problematic boundaries or definitions of diagnostic
      categories and the lack of suitable categories in some cases. The most frequent
      recommendations offered for the advancement of diagnostic systems included the
      improvement of patient evaluation procedures, the greater use and refinement of
      multiaxial diagnosis, and the empirical validation of diagnostic systems.

PMID- 4067597
TI  - Electroencephalographic study of nighttime panic attacks.
AB  - A woman whose condition was diagnosed as agoraphobia with panic attacks
      participated in an all-night polysomnographic study. During the night she
      experienced a panic attack that was phenomenologically similar to her daytime
      attacks. The attack occurred suddenly, arising from stage 3-4 (delta) sleep.
      There was no disruption of sleep architecture immediately before awakening. The
      occurrence of this panic attack during sleep is discussed in the context of other
      nighttime sleep disorders.

PMID- 4067598
TI  - Sulfate and glucuronide conjugates of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in
      urine of depressed patients: central and peripheral influences.
AB  - A number of arguments support the hypothesis that changes in urinary levels of
      MHPG sulfate and MHPG glucuronide respectively reflect central and peripheral
      norepinephrine metabolism (NE) in man. In this line, the daily excretion of both
      conjugates was determined in 36 depressed women comparatively to 23 healthy women
      in order to assess the extent and the central or peripheral location of their
      possible NE dysfunction. About 80% of the patients suffering from depression (6
      endogenous, 19 neurotic, 11 reactive depressions) exhibited a central NE defect,
      as evidenced by low MHPG sulfate, and many of them had probably also diminished
      sympathetic activity, as suggested by low MHPG glucuronide. Clinical symptoms
      possibly related to the psychic state (mood alteration) or associated to
      sympathetic changes (anxiety, motor activity) respectively altered sulfate or
      glucuronide excretion. Sulfate (S) and glucuronide (G) MHPG excretions were
      significantly correlated in healthy subjects (r = 0.53, p = 0.01), thus
      supporting the concept of the functional link between central NE activity and
      sympathetic function. Such a correlation was not found in depressive patients.
      However the lack of significant changes in the mean ratio S/G in the patient sub
      groups suggests that as in normal subjects, central and peripheral NE activity
      are linked in depressed patients, but other factors may also modify sympathetic
      function. Taken together our data show that the separate assay of sulfate and
      glucuronide MHPG provides a better picture of NE dysfunction in depression than
      total MHPG measurement.

PMID- 4067599
TI  - Breakfast meal composition influences plasma tryptophan to large neutral amino
      acid ratios of healthy lean young men.
AB  - The effect of a carbohydrate, a 20% protein, or a carbohydrate +0.3% tryptophan
      TRP breakfast on plasma large neutral amino acid ratios was studied in 6 healthy
      men. The carbohydrate-rich meal produced shifts in plasma amino acid
      concentrations such that plasma TRP/LNAA ratios increased from 0.13 to 0.15 (p
      less than 0.04) and the protein meal decreased the ratio from 0.14 to 0.11 (p
      less than 0.04) after 1 hour. Addition of 0.3% TRP to the carbohydrate-rich meal
      increased plasma TRP/LNAA ratios more than 2-fold. The TRP containing meal was
      thus the only one likely to influence brain 5-HT synthesis, although the
      difference between the plasma TRP/LNAA ratios after carbohydrate and protein
      breakfasts suggests that the brain may distinguish, by synthesizing more or less
      5-HT, the composition of breakfast meals.

PMID- 4067600
TI  - Melatonin formation in different parts of the guinea-pig pineal complex as
      assessed over 24 hours.
AB  - There is morphological evidence that the pineal gland is not a uniformly built
      organ but rather a complex. In the guinea-pig the gland is 6--7 mm in length and
      dumbbell-shaped, the proximal part coming into intimate contact with central
      commissural fibres. The aim of the present 24-hour study was to examine in male
      guinea-pigs whether the proximal, intermediate and distal areas of the gland are
      involved in melatonin formation and to compare their rhythmicities. Levels of
      melatonin in serum and the whole pineal gland as assessed by RIA show day/night
      ratios of 1 : 1.25 and 1 : 3.3, respectively. Serotonin N-acetyltransferase
      activity was found to exhibit ratios of 1 : 1.75 (Experiment I) and 1 : 4.4
      (Experiment II). All three pineal regions are involved in melatonin formation,
      and to the same extent. Whether the rhythms in the different regions are
      identical could not be clarified as the curves obtained exhibited striking
      oscillations and the day/night differences were rather small. As the extrapineal
      portion of the habenular commissure was found to contain melatonin there is a
      possibility that melatonin may be taken up when the commissural fibres pass
      through the pineal parenchyma.

PMID- 4067601
TI  - d-Amphetamine raises cortisol levels in schizophrenic patients with and without
      chronic naltrexone pretreatment.
AB  - Five drug-free schizophrenic patients received an infusion of 20 mg d-amphetamine
      and placebo on separate days in a pilot study. Plasma cortisol levels rose
      significantly at 1 and 2 hours after d-amphetamine compared to following placebo.
      A repeat infusion of d-amphetamine during naltrexone treatment led to a similar
      increase in cortisol concentrations.

PMID- 4067602
TI  - Mesulergine and bromocriptine in long-term treatment of advanced parkinsonism.
AB  - 24 levodopa pretreated patients with advanced parkinsonism were split into two
      equal groups receiving mesulergine or bromocriptine respectively as an adjuvant
      therapy. The trial was carried out under double blind conditions the first three
      months and then continued as an open trial for one year. Clinical benefit was
      similar in both groups with minor differences in regard to single symptoms. While
      bromocriptine showed a beginning decline in efficacy after one year, mesulergine
      showed no decline. The mean mesulergine-dose, necessary to achieve good clinical
      improvement, was about half of bromocriptine. Side-effects were similar, except
      orthostatic hypotension requiring vasopressor medication, which was less frequent
      in mesulergine treated patients. This advantage of mesulergine might be explained
      by its special pharmacological pattern with biphasic action on dopaminergic
      receptors.

PMID- 4067603
TI  - Increased synaptic markers in hippocampus of depressed patients.
AB  - The neuronal adhesion molecule, D2-protein, and the marker for mature synapses,
      D3-protein, were studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis in postmortem samples
      of human brain hippocampus and frontal cortex. The samples were obtained from 6
      patients with endogenous depression, 6 patients with Parkinson's disease, and 9
      controls without known neurological or psychiatric disorders. Both D2-protein and
      D3-protein were significantly increased in hippocampus of depressed patients
      compared to controls (32% and 30%, respectively) and compared to Parkinson's
      disease patients (31% and 24%, respectively). However, no significant change was
      observed in frontal cortex. Combined with the previously observed increase in the
      level of D2-like protein in blood plasma from depressed patients the findings may
      indicate that, at least in some regions of the brain, synaptic turnover is
      increased during depression.

PMID- 4067604
TI  - Crayfish motor nerve terminal's response to serotonin examined by intracellular
      microelectrode.
AB  - Measurements of resting potential and action potential in presynaptic branches of
      the excitatory motor axon to the crayfish opener muscle were made with
      intracellular microelectrodes during application of serotonin (10(-9)-10(-3) M).
      A 5-min exposure to 10(-6) M serotonin produced enhancement of excitatory
      junction potentials (EJPs) lasting about 1 h. The membrane potential of the
      presynaptic terminal was depolarized by about 5 mV; the depolarization subsided
      within 1/2 h. Concomitant reduction in amplitude of the presynaptic action
      potential, not accompanied by spike broadening, was observed. The presynaptic
      depolarization, and the enhancement of EJPs, were dependent on the presence of
      extracellular sodium but not extracellular calcium. A possible mechanism for
      serotonin's effect involves initial entry of sodium into the nerve terminal, with
      consequent increased availability of intracellular calcium. The subsequent long
      lasting phase of EJP enhancement may result from an additional effect on the
      metabolism of the nerve terminal.

PMID- 4067605
TI  - Chronic exposure to lead causes persistent alterations in the electric membrane
      properties of neurons in cell culture.
AB  - The effects of chronic lead (Pb) exposure on neuronal electric membrane
      properties (EMP) were determined using neural cell cultures of adult mouse dorsal
      root ganglia (DRG). Cultures were exposed to Pb concentrations ranging from 0 to
      100 microM for 12 days (8 DIV to 20 DIV). EMP were determined in Pb-free medium
      either immediately after withdrawal (IWD), or 6 days after withdrawal (6WD) from
      Pb. For IWD, regression analysis indicated that a number of EMP varied
      significantly with increasing Pb concentration. The largest such change occurred
      for electrical excitability which decreased significantly with increasing Pb (P =
      0.000), being reduced by approximately two-thirds for neurons exposed to 100
      microM Pb; resting membrane potential increased with Pb (P = 0.000); membrane
      time constant decreased with Pb (P = 0.007); action potential
      afterhyperpolarization decreased with Pb (P = 0.023). There was also evidence
      that the time course of action potentials was accelerated with increasing Pb
      concentrations, the rate of fall of neurons with biphasic falling phases being
      particularly increased (P = 0.047). This general pattern of altered EMP was
      observed for the 6WD condition also, indicating that chronic exposure to Pb
      caused persistent abnormalities in neuronal membranes even after 6 days of
      cultivation in Pb-free medium. The patterns of alterations in EMP suggested that
      chronic Pb exposure caused a prolonged increase in potassium permeability. It was
      proposed that the latter was mediated through a Pb-induced increase in
      intracellular ionic calcium and the associated disruption of calcium homeostasis.

PMID- 4067606
TI  - Central connections of Limulus ventral photoreceptors revealed by intracellular
      staining.
AB  - We stained the central terminations of Limulus ventral photoreceptors by
      intracellular injection of cobalt chloride into the cell bodies. Axons of these
      photoreceptors enter the protocerebrum via the ventral optic nerve and pass to
      the medulla. As they reach the surface of the medullar neuropil they branch
      profusely in fine processes with intermittent varicosities. Each axonal
      arborization covers about 0.01-0.02 mm2 of this surface immediately adjacent to
      the medullar ganglion cell layer. Each point on the surface of the medullar
      neuropil receives, on the average, input from about 6 ventral photoreceptor
      axons.

PMID- 4067607
TI  - Some mixed-ligand palladium(II) complexes of 2,2'-bipyridine and amino acids as
      potential anticancer agents.
AB  - Eight new palladium complexes of the formula [Pd(bipy)(AA)]Cl 1 or 2 H2O (where
      bipy is 2,2'-bipyridine and AA is an anion of glycine, L-alanine, L-leucine, L
      proline, L-serine, L-lysine, L-asparagine, or L-glutamine) have been synthesized
      by reaction of [Pd(bipy)Cl2] with an appropriate mono sodium salt of amino acid
      in water. These complexes have been characterized by chemical analysis and by
      visible, infrared, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The detailed 1H NMR and infrared
      spectral studies of these complexes ascertain the mode of binding of amino acids
      to palladium through nitrogen of terminal -NH2 group and oxygen of terminal -COO-
      group. The molar conductance values of these complexes in water suggest them to
      be 1:1 electrolytes. These complexes have also shown growth inhibition against
      L1210 lymphoid leukemic, P388 lymphocytic leukemic, Sarcoma 180, and Ehrlich
      ascitic tumor cells. Some of these complexes show better 50% inhibitory dose
      values than cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II).

PMID- 4067608
TI  - Peroxisomes in the nervous system of Aplysia californica: a cytochemical study.
AB  - We have studied the distribution of peroxisomes in the abdominal ganglion of
      Aplysia californica using electron microscopic cytochemical methods. Reaction
      product for catalase was observed in small ovoid or dumb-bell-shaped bodies in
      the perikarya of many of the neurons. The abundance of these catalase-reactive
      peroxisomes is considerably greater than is the case in vertebrate neurons. While
      the non-neuronal cells of the Aplysia abdominal ganglion do contain appreciable
      peroxisome populations, there were few peroxisomes in glial cytoplasm directly
      adjacent to the perikarya, again contrasting with vertebrate ganglia in which the
      satellite cells are a principal site of peroxisomes. Peroxisomes are present
      throughout the perikaryal cytoplasm. In the regions in which lipochrome granules
      abound, peroxisomes are frequently seen closely associated with these granules;
      glycogen is abundant nearby. The association of peroxisomes, lipochrome granules
      and glycogen is interesting in view of the propinquities of peroxisomes to lipid
      droplets and lipofuscin granules reported for non-neuronal vertebrate tissues,
      and in view of the growing evidence indicating that some of the roles of
      peroxisomes are in lipid metabolism and in gluconeogenesis. Some of the
      lipochrome granules themselves show reaction product in ganglia incubated to
      demonstrate catalase activity and some react in tissue incubated to demonstrate
      acid phosphatase activity. Such observations suggest that the enzymatic
      capacities of the lipochrome granules merit further studies, and that the
      granules may be of complex or heterogeneous nature.

PMID- 4067609
TI  - Non-sympathetic synaptic innervation of the pinealocyte of the Mongolian gerbil
      (Meriones unguiculatus): an electron microscopic study.
AB  - Direct synaptic innervation of pinealocytes was observed in the superficial
      pineal gland of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) by electron
      microscopy. This innervation consisted of nerve fibres terminating in boutons
      with clear transmitter vesicles with a diameter of 40-60 nm. The boutons made
      synaptic junctions with the cell membrane of the pinealocyte displaying
      thickenings of both the pre- and postsynaptic membranes. Such boutons persisted
      in the gland 1 week after removal of both superior cervical ganglia. In contrast,
      all the sympathetic boutons containing transmitter vesicles with a small dense
      core disappeared after ganglionectomy. This direct synaptic innervation reveals a
      neuronal character of the pinealocyte and might underlie reports of action
      potentials in electrophysiological recordings from the gland.

PMID- 4067610
TI  - Axo-glial relations in the retina-optic nerve junction of the adult rat: electron
      microscopic observations.
AB  - The retina-optic nerve junction (ROJ) was examined by electron microscopy in
      adult rats, with particular emphasis on the unmyelinated-myelinated nerve fibre
      transition. Both single sections and serial sections were used. The non-retinal
      part of the ROJ is covered by an extensively folded glia limitans, facing the
      choroidea, sclera and pia mater. The blood vessels within the ROJ follow a
      transverse course and are surrounded by unusually wide perivascular spaces with a
      glia limitans-like outer delimitation. The endothelial cells exhibit numerous
      pinocytotic vesicles on their abluminal aspect. In the unmyelinated part of the
      ROJ the axons are embedded in an extensive meshwork of fibrous astrocytic
      processes. Some unmyelinated axons exhibit patches of axolemmal undercoating with
      externally associated astrocytic processes. Typical oligodendrocytes are not
      found, but a few small dark glial cells of unknown identity can be observed.
      Atypical ensheathment and myelination of axons at this level by ectopic Schwann
      cells occurred in one case. In the transition segment of the ROJ a pattern
      similar to that along dysmyelinated axons is observed, including aberrant axo
      glial contacts, unusually thin and short myelin sheaths, intercalated
      unmyelinated segments, distorted myelin termination regions, bizarre paranodes
      and myelin termination regions without associated nodally differentiated
      axolemma. Neither sheath length nor number of myelin lamellae is related to axon
      diameter in the transition region. Axon diameter tends to be somewhat larger at
      myelinated than unmyelinated levels of the same axon. We suggest that the unusual
      axo-glial relations in this region are due to a deficient proliferation and
      differentiation of oligodendroglial cells, and that the pattern of glial
      ensheathment in the ROJ might be a consequence of the locally deficient blood
      brain barrier.

PMID- 4067611
TI  - XIIIth World Congress of Neurology. Hamburg, September 1-6, 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4067612
TI  - Colony growth and self renewal of plasma cell precursors in multiple myeloma.
AB  - Culture conditions that support the growth of multi-and single-lineage
      hemopoietic colonies are also able to give rise to large myeloma colonies from
      bone marrow and peripheral blood samples of some patients with multiple myeloma.
      The culture system was used to determine the frequency of hemopoietic precursors
      and clonogenic myeloma progenitors in 71 patients with multiple myeloma studied
      in various clinical phases of the disease. The frequency of normal hemopoietic
      precursors in patients with benign monoclonal gammopathy and smoldering myeloma
      were indistinguishable from normal controls. Myeloma colonies were not observed
      in these subgroups. In contrast, patients with active disease showed
      significantly reduced hemopoietic colony formation, even before the initiation of
      therapy. A further reduction was demonstrated for patients with acute phase
      disease. A correlation between the frequency of hemopoietic colonies and the
      concentration of plasma cells in the plated sample was not observed. Large
      myeloma colonies with recloning potential were identified in cultures of
      specimens derived from 14 of the studied patients. These colonies were most
      frequently (ten cases) obtained from patients who had entered the acute phase of
      the disease. These patients manifested marrow failure (pancytopenia) and their
      marrow had a limited capacity to generate normal hemopoietic colonies. Three of
      the patients that formed myeloma colonies were studied in chronic phase following
      chemotherapy and one patient was examined at diagnosis. The myeloma colonies were
      composed exclusively of cells characterized by the same M protein as the patient.
      Some of the cells within the colonies retained their ability to self renew
      extensively, as demonstrated by serial recloning studies. Colonies derived from
      six of the patients are now propagated in semisolid and liquid medium for as many
      as nine to 34 generations. Patients that form myeloma colonies under these
      culture conditions represent a high-risk group with significantly shorter
      survival than patients not able to give rise to myeloma colonies. A Cox
      proportional hazards model was fitted to the data to determine the prognostic
      role of myeloma colony growth in culture after accounting for the influence of
      other well established risk factors, such as concentration of plasma cells and
      disease status. The analysis indicated that myeloma colony growth in culture
      serves as a strong and independent predictive indicator of poor clinical
      prognosis.

PMID- 4067613
TI  - Prophylaxis of oropharyngeal candidiasis with clotrimazole.
AB  - A total of 202 evaluable cancer patients were randomly assigned to receive or not
      receive oral clotrimazole as antifungal prophylaxis during hospitalization.
      Oropharyngeal candidiasis occurred in 1% of the former patients and 27% of the
      latter patients (P less than .00001). Candida sp were cultured from the initial
      throat specimens of 53 control patients and 55 patients who received prophylaxis.
      Oropharyngeal candidiasis subsequently developed in 2% of the former patients and
      38% of the latter patients (P = less than .00001). Oral clotrimazole is an
      effective agent for prophylaxis of oropharyngeal candidiasis in susceptible
      cancer patients.

PMID- 4067614
TI  - Tamoxifen-citrate counteracts the antitumor effects of cytotoxic drugs in vitro.
AB  - Hormones and cytotoxic drugs are often combined in the treatment of patients with
      breast carcinoma to broaden the antitumor spectrum of the therapy. We found that,
      in vitro, the most commonly used endocrine agent, tamoxifen citrate, attenuates
      the cytotoxic potential of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and of doxorubicin. The effect
      was observed on estrogen receptor positive and on estrogen receptor negative
      breast tumor cells. Combinations of growth inhibitory hormones and cytotoxic
      drugs may therefore be counter-productive. For the treatment of hormone
      independent tumors they may even be harmful since in these tumors tamoxifen
      exerts no independent cell kill that compensates for its modifying effect on the
      cytotoxicity of drugs.

PMID- 4067615
TI  - Tetracycline sclerosis in the management of malignant pericardial effusion.
AB  - Twenty-two patients with malignant pericardial effusion were seen at the Toronto
      General Hospital between 1979 and 1984. Under ECG monitoring, an indwelling Kifa
      catheter was inserted into the pericardial sac and then connected to a Hemovac
      system and allowed to drain for 12 to 24 hours. Xylocaine hydrochloride, 100 mg,
      was first instilled intrapericardially, followed by tetracycline hydrochloride,
      500 to 1,000 mg, dissolved in 20 mL normal saline. The catheter was clamped for
      one to two hours and then allowed to drain into the Hemovac. This procedure was
      repeated every 24 to 48 hours until the net drainage was less than 25 mL/24
      hours. Nine men and 13 women were treated (median age, 55 years). The primary
      malignancy included lung in 15 patients, breast in two patients, and carcinoma of
      the stomach, ovary, pleural mesothelioma, chronic granulocytic leukemia, and
      adenocarcinoma of unknown primary in one patient each. Twenty patients received
      one to five instillations of tetracycline. In one patient the catheter could not
      be inserted into the pericardial sac, and in one patient the catheter clotted
      before tetracycline instillation. Minor complications included transient
      arrhythmia in two patients, postinjection pain in four patients, and self-limited
      temperature elevation greater than 38.5 degrees C in two patients. fifteen
      patients had good control of their malignant pericardial effusion for more than
      30 days (median survival, 160 days; range, 38 to 275 days). Three patients died
      before 30 days without evidence of effusion, and no patient surviving longer than
      30 days developed recurrent effusion or pericardial constriction.
      Intrapericardial tetracycline instillation is a safe and efficacious treatment
      for malignant pericardial effusion and should be considered the first treatment
      modality in this situation.

PMID- 4067616
TI  - Retinal toxicity after high-dose cisplatin therapy.
AB  - Because of increasing complaints of visual dysfunction, 13 patients with
      refractory or recently diagnosed ovarian carcinoma were evaluated for possible
      cisplatin-induced ophthalmologic toxicity. All patients had received high-dose
      cisplatin (200 mg/m2 in five divided daily doses) over two to four cycles. Eight
      patients (62%) developed symptoms of blurred vision and three (23%) also
      developed altered color perception. Retinal toxicity in the form of cone
      dysfunction was documented by electroretinography and color vision testing in 11
      patients. Three patients were studied prospectively. Two patients who developed
      cone dysfunction had normal ophthalmologic exams before the initiation of
      chemotherapy or after one cycle of cisplatin, suggesting a causal relationship
      between cisplatin therapy and subsequent retinal abnormalities. Though visual
      acuity improved off therapy, color vision abnormalities persisted as long as 16
      months beyond therapy.

PMID- 4067617
TI  - Pulmonary complications of peritoneal access catheters.

PMID- 4067618
TI  - Chlorambucil-induced myoclonic seizures in an adult.

PMID- 4067619
TI  - Velocity selectivity in the cat visual system. I. Responses of LGN cells to
      moving bar stimuli: a comparison with cortical areas 17 and 18.
AB  - Velocity selectivity of 92 LGN cells was measured quantitatively using long,
      narrow light or dark bars of high contrast in N2O-anesthetized and paralyzed
      cats. The optimal velocities of the main responses to a moving light bar,
      representing center responses (i.e., due to entering the ON center or leaving the
      OFF center) were significantly lower for X-cells than for Y-cells. The velocity
      upper cutoffs were significantly higher for Y-cells than for X-cells, whereas
      responses to slow movement were significantly stronger in X-cells than in Y
      cells. The velocity range over which secondary responses were found was
      significantly lower for X-cells than for Y-cells. The velocity characteristics of
      LGN cells were compared with those measured under precisely the same experimental
      conditions in areas 17 and 18. Overall, the LGN cells were sensitive to much
      faster velocities than cortical cells. The differences between these cortical
      areas were found to be much larger than the differences in velocity selectivity
      observed in the LGN between X- and Y-cells or within the X and Y classes. In
      particular, the ubiquitous presence of cells responding only to very low
      velocities (less than 10 degrees/s) in area 17 subserving central vision cannot
      directly reflect LGN velocity selectivity, since such extreme preference for low
      velocities was not found in the LGN sample. Changes in eccentricity had much less
      effect on the velocity characteristics in the LGN than in the cortex. The latency
      of responses to a moving light bar as estimated using a spatial lag-velocity
      method was on average 46 and 37 ms for X-ON and Y-ON cells as opposed to 75 and
      68 ms for X-OFF and Y-OFF cells, respectively. These latencies were slightly
      shorter than the ON and OFF latencies (time to peak) measured with stationary
      presentations of the same light bar (averages 61 and 53 ms for X-ON and Y-ON, 113
      and 93 ms for X-OFF and Y-OFF). For a moving dark bar the average latency was 35
      and 29 ms for X-OFF and Y-OFF cells, respectively, whereas it was 47 and 54 ms
      for X-ON and Y-ON cells. There were no significant differences in response
      strength between ON and OFF cells nor between X- and Y-cells. Many Y-OFF cells
      had nonlinear spatial lag-velocity relationships. This indicates a shift in
      response origin from distal to more proximal parts of the receptive field when
      going from low to high velocities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4067620
TI  - Velocity selectivity in the cat visual system. II. Independence from interactions
      between different loci.
AB  - To investigate the dependence of velocity characteristics on spatiotemporal
      interactions the velocity selectivity of 15 geniculate and 72 cortical cells
      (areas 17 and 18) was examined with light and dark bars before and after masking
      all but the most sensitive part of the receptive field. The use of a 0.3 degree
      window proved effective in eliminating enough spatiotemporal interactions to
      abolish cortical direction selectivity. The same window improved the
      responsiveness at high velocities in only 26% of the cortical cells preferring
      low velocities and having a receptive field with nonoverlapping ON and OFF
      subregions. The remaining 74% showed various degrees of velocity-independent
      decrease in response amplitude. The only two geniculate cells that had a velocity
      upper cutoff lost this cutoff when tested with the mask. Cortical units
      preferring high velocities lost their responsiveness at high velocities in the
      mask condition, provided that their receptive fields contained nonoverlapping ON
      and OFF subregions. Cortical units, which responded best at intermediate
      velocities and which had receptive fields with nonoverlapping subregions, lost
      their sharp velocity tuning when tested with a mask. We conclude that inhibitory
      spatiotemporal interactions can account for the preference for low velocities in
      at most a quarter of the cells with nonoverlapping subregions. In contrast,
      facilitatory interactions seem to be important for cortical cells preferring high
      or intermediate velocities and having receptive fields with nonoverlapping
      subregions.

PMID- 4067621
TI  - Velocity selectivity in the cat visual system. III. Contribution of temporal
      factors.
AB  - In 149 units from area 17 and 48 units from area 18 the responses to stationary
      stimulation of different durations were compared with the responses to the same
      stimulus (a 0.3 degrees-wide light or dark bar) moving at different velocities.
      The aim was to test the hypothesis that the range of effective velocities depends
      on the time needed for the bar to cross the receptive field. Forty-two percent of
      the area 17 cells and 8% of the area 18 cells responded poorly or not at all to
      briefly presented stationary stimulation. These cells were unable to respond at
      high velocities, and for these "duration-sensitive" cells the velocity
      characteristics are well predicted on the basis of responses to stationary
      stimulation of different durations. Cells that responded equally well to periods
      of stationary stimulation ranging from 12.5 to 3,200 ms ("duration-insensitive
      cells") were found to be able to respond at all equivalent velocities, but their
      preference for either high, low, or intermediate velocities was not reflected in
      differences in responsiveness to the different durations tested. Duration
      sensitive cells in area 17 tended to have a receptive field near the area
      centralis, and 73% of them were classified as S-family cells, one third being end
      stopped S-cells. In contrast only 18% of the duration-insensitive cells were of
      the S family, and these S-family cells were rarely end-stopped (1/12) or rarely
      had receptive fields within 5 degrees of the fovea (3/12). Duration-sensitive
      cells had very long latencies (median 285 ms) in response to a stationary flashed
      light bar of 1 s duration but much shorter latencies (median 91 ms) when tested
      with a slowly moving light bar. This difference was not seen in duration
      insensitive cells (median latencies = 61 and 59 ms). The ability to respond at
      high velocity was contrast dependent. At a low contrast level all cells failed to
      respond to brief stimulation, whether moving or stationary. At high contrast
      levels only the duration-insensitive cells showed an increased responsivity to
      brief stimuli. The absence of responses in duration-sensitive cells to brief
      stimuli of high contrast may depend upon suppressive influences reaching these
      cells before the excitatory influences. We conclude that the velocity upper
      cutoff of most S-family cells with a central receptive field can be predicted
      from a knowledge of the minimum duration of stationary presentation required for
      their activation (median ON duration threshold, 200 ms).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 4067622
TI  - Cable properties of layer V neurons.

PMID- 4067623
TI  - Determinants of sound location selectivity in bat inferior colliculus: a combined
      dichotic and free-field stimulation study.
AB  - This study of the neural representation of sound location in the bat Pteronotus
      parnellii describes how the peripheral and central components of its auditory
      system shape the horizontal and vertical spatial selectivity of single neurons in
      the inferior colliculus. Pteronotus extracts spatial information from the echoes
      of an emitted pulse composed of four constant-frequency harmonics (30, 60, 90,
      and 120 kHz), each terminated by a downward frequency sweep. To quantify the
      intensity cues available in the echo, cochlear microphonic response thresholds
      were used to measure the directional selectivity of the ear and the interaural
      intensity level disparities (IIDs) created between ears at standardized speaker
      positions in the bat's frontal sound field, at frequencies in the pulse spectrum.
      Speaker positions where thresholds were lowest were termed the sensitive area
      (SA) of the ear. Positions where IID values were greater than 10 dB were termed
      the difference area (DA). Ear directionality exhibited a pronounced frequency
      dependence, both in terms of the degree of directional selectivity and the
      position of the SA. At the 30-kHz harmonic of the pulse, the ear was broadly
      directional; the SA covered most of the lower half of the ipsilateral field. The
      ear was highly directional at the 60- and 90-kHz harmonics. Also, the vertical
      position of the SA changed dramatically between 60 and 90 kHz, from the
      horizontal midline at 60 kHz to 40 degrees below the midline at 90 kHz. The
      positions of the DAs also showed a pronounced frequency dependence. The 30-kHz DA
      was restricted to the extreme lateral part of the frontal sound field. The 60-
      and 90-kHz DAs were located in the same positions as the equivalent SAs and
      exhibited the same difference in vertical position. The DAs of the pulse
      harmonics differ in both their horizontal and vertical positions; the ears thus
      generate pronounced binaural spectral cues, which provide two-dimensional spatial
      information. In the inferior colliculus, a combined paradigm of closed-field
      dichotic stimulation, followed by free-field stimulation, was used to document
      the frequency tuning and binaural response properties of single neurons and to
      correlate these properties with the neuron's horizontal and vertical spatial
      selectivity in the frontal sound field. Where a neuron responded to free-field
      stimulation at the lowest intensity is termed its SA. A neuron's frequency tuning
      primarily influenced its degree of spatial selectivity and its sensitivity in the
      vertical plane, reflecting the directional properties of the external ears at the
      neuron's best frequency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4067624
TI  - Electrotonic parameters of neurons following chronic ethanol consumption.
AB  - The electronic parameters of nerve cells in the dentate gyrus following long-term
      ingestion of ethanol were studied in vitro. The ethanol was administered in a
      liquid diet for a period of 20 wk followed by a 3-wk withdrawal period. A control
      group received a similar diet with the ethanol replaced by maltose-dextrins.
      Intracellular recordings were obtained from 44 neurons, and the voltage decays
      following current injections were analyzed with a recent electrical model of
      granule cells to take into account a somatic shunt already detected in previous
      studies. The new model accurately accounted for the fast voltage transients and
      showed that the membrane time constant in the dendrites is, on average, five
      times larger than the somatic time constant. Injection of horseradish peroxidase
      into the neurons for the morphological analysis showed that neurons in the
      ethanol group have a longer dendritic tree than neurons in the control group.
      Estimation of the membrane surface area showed that the membrane area in the
      dendrites is at least 60% greater (in both control and ethanol groups) when the
      membrane foldings and irregularities are taken into account. The results of the
      modeling analysis showed that the membrane time constant and the input resistance
      are not affected by ethanol. However, the membrane resistance is significantly
      increased in the ethanol group (6,632 versus 18,460 omega X cm2), and the
      capacitance is significantly decreased (4.48 versus 1.71 microF/cm2). The
      electrotonic length is also increased by chronic ethanol treatment (0.85 versus
      0.94). Higher values of membrane specific resistance (Rm) mean larger
      transmission coefficients. However, since the neurons from the ethanol group are
      on average longer than neurons in the control group, it is suggested that the
      change in Rm compensates for the increase in the length of the dendrites, thereby
      maintaining a value of the electrotonic length under 1.0. The observed changes in
      the passive parameters are in opposite direction from the recently measured
      effect of acute doses of ethanol on hippocampal neurons. These results support a
      model of chronic alcohol intake where homeostatic adaptive changes lead to the
      development of long-term changes in cellular physiology.

PMID- 4067625
TI  - Pulvinar nuclei of the behaving rhesus monkey: visual responses and their
      modulation.
AB  - We have examined the properties of neurons in three subdivisions of the pulvinar
      of alert, trained rhesus monkeys 1) an inferior, retinotopically mapped area
      (PI), 2) a lateral, retinotopically organized region (PL), and 3) a dorsomedial
      visual portion of the lateral pulvinar (Pdm), which has a crude retinotopic
      organization. We tested the neurons for visual responses to stationary and moving
      stimuli and for changes in these responses produced by behavioral manipulations.
      All areas contain cells sensitive to stimulus orientation as well as neurons
      selective for the direction of stimulus movement; however, the majority of cells
      in all three regions are either broadly tuned or nonselective for these
      attributes. Nearly all cells respond to stimulus onset, a significant number also
      give a response to stimulus termination, and rarely a cell gives only off
      responses. Nearly all cells increase their discharge rate to visual stimuli.
      Receptive fields in the two retinotopically mapped regions, PI and PL, have well
      defined borders. The sizes of these receptive fields show a positive correlation
      with the eccentricity of the receptive fields. The receptive fields in the
      remaining region, Pdm, are frequently very large, but with these large fields
      excluded, show a similar correlation with eccentricity. All pulvinar cells tested
      (n = 20) were mapped in retinal coordinates; the receptive fields are positioned
      in relation to the retina. We found no cells with gaze-gated characteristics (2),
      nor cells mapped in a spatial coordinate system. The response latencies in PI and
      PL are shorter and less variable than the latencies in Pdm. Active use of a
      stimulus can produce an enhancement or attenuation of the visual response. Eye
      movement modulation was found in all three subdivisions in about equal
      frequencies. Attentional modulation was common in Pdm and was rare in PI and PL.
      The modulation is spatially selective in Pdm and nonselective in PI for a small
      number of tested cells. These data demonstrate functional differences between Pdm
      and the other two areas and suggest that Pdm plays a role in selective visual
      attention, whereas PI and PL probably contribute to other aspects of visual
      perception.

PMID- 4067626
TI  - The vestibuloocular reflex of the adult flatfish. II. Vestibulooculomotor
      connectivity.
AB  - The peripheral and central oculomotor organization of the adult flatfish presents
      no morphological substrates that suffice to explain adaptive changes in its
      vestibuloocular reflex system. The necessity for an adaptation occurs because of
      a 90 degrees displacement of the vestibular with respect to the extraocular
      coordinate axes during metamorphosis. Since a reorganization of vestibuloocular
      pathways must be hypothesized (12), the location and termination of
      electrophysiologically identified secondary vestibular neurons with focus on the
      horizontal canal system was studied with the intracellular horseradish peroxidase
      method in adult winter flounders. Pseudopleuronectes americanus. The oculomotor
      target sites of vertical canal related neurons were similar to those described in
      mammals. Presumed excitatory anterior canal neurons bifurcated after the main
      axon had crossed the midline. The descending branch headed toward the spinal
      cord. The ascending branch reached the oculomotor nucleus via the contralateral
      medial longitudinal fasciculus and terminated in the superior rectus and inferior
      oblique subdivisions. Presumed inhibitory posterior canal neurons ascended
      ipsilaterally in the medial longitudinal fasciculus and terminated mainly in the
      superior rectus and inferior oblique subdivisions. Horizontal canal neurons
      exhibited characteristics distinctly different from mammalian ones. Two types of
      second-order neurons were observed. In the first case, cell bodies were located
      in the anterior portion of the vestibular nuclear complex. After crossing the
      midline, the axon ascended in the contralateral medial longitudinal fasciculus.
      Major termination sites were found in the inferior oblique and superior rectus
      subdivisions of the oculomotor nucleus. Axonal branches then recrossed the
      midline and terminated in identical locations on the ipsilateral side. In the
      second case, cell bodies were located in the descending vestibular nucleus. Their
      axons crossed the midline and also ascended in the contralateral medial
      longitudinal fasciculus. Major termination sites were in the trochlear nucleus
      and in the inferior rectus subdivision of the oculomotor nucleus. As in the first
      case, axonal branches also recrossed the midline and terminated in identical
      motoneuron pools on the ipsilateral side. The above target sites were exactly
      those expected to be used in a reciprocal excitatory-inhibitory fashion during
      compensatory eye movements. Head-down movement would be excitatory for the lower
      horizontal canal producing contractions of both superior recti and inferior
      obliques as well as relaxation of the antagonistic inferior recti and superior
      obliques.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4067627
TI  - Excitatory/inhibitory response types in the cochlear nucleus: relationships to
      discharge patterns and responses to electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve.
AB  - We have studied the response properties of single units in the cochlear nucleus
      of unanesthetized decerebrate cats. The purpose of the study was to compare the
      properties of cochlear nucleus units as described in two commonly used
      classification schemes. Units were first classified according to their receptive
      field properties based on the relative prominence of excitatory and inhibitory
      responses to tones and noise. Units were then classified on the basis of their
      discharge patterns to short tone bursts at their best frequencies (BFs). Our
      results show that systematic relationships exist between the receptive-field
      properties and discharge patterns of cochlear nucleus units. Type I units give
      only excitatory responses to tones and noise. They are characterized by primary
      like and chopper discharge patterns. Some units in the anteroventral cochlear
      nucleus have prepotentials in their spike waveforms. Prepotential units most
      often show primary-like discharge patterns, but prepotential units characterized
      by nonprimary-like discharge patterns are also found. Most prepotential units
      lack detectable inhibitory sidebands (type I), but two of the nonprimary-like
      prepotential units encountered in this study had inhibitory sidebands (type III).
      Type III units also give excitatory responses to BF tones, but they have
      inhibitory sidebands. Most type III units give chopper discharge patterns, and
      these units can be recorded throughout the cochlear nucleus. Some type III units
      in the dorsal cochlear nucleus give complex discharge patterns that can be
      described as a composite of the pauser pattern and other patterns. The complexity
      of these responses seems to increase as the amount of inhibition at BF increases.
      Type I/III units give excitatory responses to tones and noise, but have little or
      no spontaneous activity so they cannot be tested directly for inhibitory
      responses. Type I/III units typically show chopper discharge patterns. One group
      of type I/III units have rate-level functions with sloping saturation, suggesting
      that these may receive a predominance of input from low spontaneous rate auditory
      nerve fibers. Type II units are nonspontaneous and give excitatory responses to
      tones, but give weak or no responses to noise. While type II units are
      homogeneous as a group in terms of their response maps. BF rate-level functions,
      and responses to noise, they show a variety of discharge patterns in response to
      short tone bursts at BF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4067628
TI  - Visually induced adaptive changes in primate saccadic oculomotor control signals.
AB  - Saccades are the rapid eye movements used to change visual fixation. Normal
      saccades end abruptly with very little postsaccadic ocular drift, but acute
      ocular motor deficits can cause the eyes to drift appreciably after a saccade.
      Previous studies in both patients and monkeys with peripheral ocular motor
      deficits have demonstrated that the brain can suppress such postsaccadic drifts.
      Ocular drift might be suppressed in response to visual and/or proprioceptive
      feedback of position and/or velocity errors. This study attempts to characterize
      the adaptive mechanism for suppression of postsaccadic drift. The responses of
      seven rhesus monkeys were studied to postsaccadic retinal slip induced by
      horizontal exponential movements of a full-field stimulus. After several hours of
      saccade-related retinal image slip, the eye movements of the monkeys developed a
      zero-latency, compensatory postsaccadic ocular drift. This ocular drift was still
      evident in the dark, although smaller (typically 15% of the amplitude of the
      antecedent saccade, up to a maximum drift of 8 degrees). Retinal slip alone,
      without a net displacement of the image, was sufficient to elicit these adaptive
      changes, and compensation for leftward and rightward saccades was independent. It
      took several days to complete adaptation, but recovery (in the light) was much
      quicker. The decay of this adaptation in darkness was very slow; after 3 days the
      ocular drift was reduced by less than 50%. The time constants of single
      exponential curve fits to adaptation time courses of data from five animals were
      35 h for acquisition, 4 h for recovery, and at least 40 h for decay in darkness.
      Descriptions of the central innervation for a saccade are usually simplified to
      only two components: a pulse and a step. It has been hypothesized that
      suppression of pathological postsaccadic drift is achieved by adjusting the ratio
      of the pulse to the step of innervation (19, 26). However, we show that the time
      constant of the ocular drift is influenced by the time constant of the adapting
      stimulus, which cannot be explained by the simple pulse-step model of saccadic
      innervation. A more realistic representation of the saccadic innervation has
      three components: a pulse, an exponential slide, and a step. Normal saccades were
      accurately simulated by a fourth-order, linear model of the ocular motor plant
      driven by such a pulse-slide-step combination. Saccades made after prolonged
      exposure to optically induced retinal image slip could also be simulated by
      properly adjusting the slide and step components.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 4067629
TI  - Tonic neck reflex of the decerebrate cat: a role for propriospinal neurons.
AB  - In decerebrate, acutely labyrinthectomized cats we used neck rotation to study
      the role of direct upper cervical afferents to the cervical enlargement and of
      cervical and lumbar propriospinal neurons in the tonic neck reflex. Interruption
      of the dorsal columns between C4 and C5 had no qualitative effect on the dynamics
      of the reflex although gain usually increased. Direct upper cervical afferents to
      the cervical enlargement therefore have no unique role in producing the reflex.
      Many medially located propriospinal neurons in C4 were modulated by neck
      rotation. About 40% had axons, mostly crossed, that terminated in the cervical
      enlargement. The others projected more caudally, some as far as L3-L4 or even the
      lumbar enlargement. For a population of C4 neurons, including propriospinal
      neurons, we measured the response vector with combinations of roll and pitch
      stimuli. These vectors ranged from pitch to roll. Many propriospinal neurons in
      L3-L4, projecting to the lumbosacral enlargement, were also modulated by neck
      rotation with a variety of response vectors. Some of these neurons had an
      ascending projection. As in previous experiments, C4 neurons were modulated by
      neck rotation after spinal transection rostral to the C1 dorsal root entry zone;
      a wide variety of response vectors was observed. In contrast, almost no modulated
      L3-L4 neurons were found in the same experiments. The results suggest a role for
      propriospinal neurons in the tonic neck reflex. They also demonstrate that
      responses of lumbar neurons to neck rotation are much more dependent on
      supraspinal pathways than are those of cervical neurons.

PMID- 4067630
TI  - Embolization of vascular malformations of the spinal cord.
AB  - Twelve patients with vascular malformations of the spinal cord have been treated
      by embolization at the Neuroradiological Department of the Ospedale Maggiore
      Niguarda Ca Granda from September 1981 to February 1984. Different materials and
      techniques have been used, including liophylised dura, Ivalon (PVA) and Isobutyl
      Cianoacrylate. All types of malformations have been encountered: dural AV
      fistulae, intramedullary AVMs, intradural extramedullary AV fistulae, extradural
      AVMs with intradural venous drainage. Nine patients improved following treatment
      and three remained unchanged. Embolization can be an alternative treatment to
      surgery and it is the treatment of choice in dural AV fistulae.

PMID- 4067631
TI  - Recurring intracranial meningiomas. Evaluation of some factors predisposing for
      tumor recurrence.
AB  - 60 cases of recurring meningiomas are analyzed in respect to factors influencing
      the risk of tumor recurrence. In our series of meningiomas operated on between
      1970 and 1980 the recurrence rate was 9.5%. Recurrence rate was highest in tumors
      of the medial sphenoid. Incomplete tumor resection according to Simpson's grade
      III and IV lead to a higher recurrence rate than in grade I and II resection, but
      the difference is statistically not significant. Presence of mitoses, brain
      invasion and focal necrosis also is linked to a higher tumor recurrence rate.
      Tumors exhibiting all these three characteristics recurred in every case. Absence
      of lymphocytic tumor infiltration as a factor of risk is statistically not
      significant.

PMID- 4067632
TI  - Primary intracranial esthesioneuroblastoma. Case report.
AB  - Esthesioneuroblastoma or olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare tumor of the nasal
      cavities and paranasal sinuses. In the majority of cases the cerebral involvement
      is secondary. Only ten cases have been reported in which the tumor was primarily
      intracranial. An eleventh case is reported and literature reviewed.

PMID- 4067633
TI  - Outcome following acute supratentorial subdural hematoma in pediatric age.
AB  - The authors report their experience in surgical treatment of 39 cases of acute
      subdural hematoma, followed by intensive therapy and physiokinesitherapy. The
      causes of head injuries, types of fractures, localization of the hematomas,
      concomitant lesions, diagnostic and therapeutic clinical features are discussed.
      The most common neurological evaluation scales for rating the state of comas are
      used for comparing the cases of head injury in adults (Glasgow Coma Scale) and in
      children (Children's Coma Scale). The Authors also report clinical follow-up,
      morbidity, and general mortality rate. Moreover, they emphasize the frequency and
      clinical importance of cases with unapparent symptomatology and demonstrate that
      extrinsic eye movement is a very important factor for prognostic evaluation.

PMID- 4067634
TI  - Intracranial hemorrhages in metastatic brain tumors.
AB  - Ten cases of brain metastases with significant intracranial hemorrhage are
      examined. The most frequent primary tumors were melanoma and lung carcinoma;
      bleeding was more commonly intratumoral and intracerebral. The clinical onset was
      acute in 6 cases and gradual in 4; the average survival time was 2 months.
      Intracranial bleeding in patients with brain metastases can present as a "stroke
      syndrome" and it remarkably reduces the survival time.

PMID- 4067635
TI  - Optical-chiasmatic region epidermoid with a suprasellar and prepontina region
      cysticercosis.
AB  - The Authors report a case of epidermoid in the optical-chiasmatic region
      associated with a cysticercosis in the suprasellar and prepontal region. The
      patient was surgically treated with success: a bilobate cystic formation with
      ramifications adherent to the carotid siphon was found in front of optic nerves.
      Opening the arachnoid between the left optic nerve and carotid, a
      dysembriogenetic cystic formation was observed. Adherent to it there was the wall
      of a second parasitic cystic formation (probably cysticercosis) from which some
      small cysts slid away. After a review of the literature the Authors point out
      both the casual association of the two pathologies and the utility of C.T. scan
      in the diagnostic process of the above mentioned lesions.

PMID- 4067636
TI  - Cerebral pan-angiography in rabbit. Technical note.
AB  - An open technique of cerebral four-vessel angiography via femoral artery "in
      vivo" of the rabbit is described. This method allows a good visualization of
      extracranial and intracranial circulation without direct damage to the cerebral
      vessels.

PMID- 4067637
TI  - Skull base tumors.

PMID- 4067638
TI  - Proceedings of the annual conference of the Egyptian Society of Neurological
      Surgeons in association with the Italian Neurosurgical Society and the Middle
      East Neurosurgical Society. Cairo, Egypt, March 16-17, 1984. Abstracts.

PMID- 4067639
TI  - Radioimmunodetection in patients with suspected ovarian cancer.
AB  - Twenty-five patients, having either unilateral ovarian tumors of unknown etiology
      or suspected of having ovarian cancer recurrence were investigated by the method
      of immunoscintigraphy to rule out primary and/or metastatic tumor sites. Four
      hundred micrograms of the tumor-associated monoclonal mouse antibody HMFG-2,
      raised against human milk fat globulin membranes and labeled with 123I, were used
      for each patient to display the tumor sites by external scintigraphy. The dose
      ranged between 0.5 and 2.2 mCi, the specific activity between 1.25 and 5.5 mCi
      per mg of antibody. Nineteen of the patients underwent operations a few days
      after immunoscintigraphy. The remaining six patients were investigated by
      transmission computed tomography (TCT) to establish the presence or absence of
      tumor of the imaging. In 22 of the 25 cases the scintigraphic results correlated
      with the situation found at the subsequent operation, or by TCT, respectively, as
      well as with the histological diagnosis of the tumor type. Overall, there were
      just two false-negative and one false-positive scan report, the latter due to
      faulty reading of the scintigrams. Sixteen out of 18 tumor sites in 25 patients
      could be revealed by immunoscintigraphy, the smallest one being 1.5 cm in diam.
      In four of the patients immunoscintigraphy was the only noninvasive investigation
      method that could reveal the malignant tumor sites prior to the operation.

PMID- 4067640
TI  - Clinical comparison of two radiocolloids for internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy.
AB  - Recent studies suggest that 99mTc-labeled radiocolloid (SC) compounded with
      hydrogen sulfide can be used to visualize lymph channels and nodes. Our study
      prospectively compared SC with 99mTc antimony sulfide (SbS) colloid, in 28
      patients undergoing internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy. Images were recorded on
      a scintillation camera and computer at 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 hr. Quantitative
      analysis included assessment of percent (%) injected dose in nodes, the percent
      remaining at the injection site, and the relative intensity of the most cephalad
      node compared to a 57Co standard. The mean (means) % injected dose of both
      radiocolloids within visualized nodes was less than 1% at each time interval,
      with no significant differences between means's. The means % injected dose
      remaining at the injection site at 3.0 hr was 83 for SbS and 76 for SC not
      statistically significant (N.S.). The means of the ratio of counts within the
      most cephalad node at 3.0 hr to counts within a 57Co standard was 0.98 for SbS
      and 1.03 for SC (N.S.). Clinical assessment of number of nodes visualized and
      extent of radiocolloid migration showed no difference between the two agents. The
      biological and clinical parameters for the two colloids appear similar when used
      for internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy.

PMID- 4067641
TI  - Validation of radionuclide cardiac output measurements during exercise.
AB  - A nongeometric radionuclide technique with correction for attenuation was used
      for the determination of cardiac output and stroke volume during exercise in nine
      normal subjects and in ten hypertensive patients. Simultaneous reference stroke
      volume (range 48-159 ml) and cardiac output (range 3.6-23.8 l/min) measurements
      were obtained by the Fick method. Data were collected at rest and during 60
      degrees upright exercise, at two or three levels of increasing severity. Three
      statistical measurements were used for the comparison of both methods:
      correlation, precision, and accuracy. Radionuclide and Fick cardiac output
      measurements (n = 67, rest and exercise data) correlated well (r = 0.90). For
      stroke volume, the correlation was less (r = 0.64); however, the precision or
      random variability of both methods was similar for stroke volume (radionuclide: 8
      ml or 9%; Fick: 16 ml or 16%). The accuracy or systematic error was defined as
      the mean difference between radionuclide and Fick measurements. The radionuclide
      method underestimated the Fick measurements. The systematic error was 18 +/- 18
      ml for stroke volume and 2.4 +/- 2.4 l/m for cardiac output. A similar comparison
      of both methods was made on the absolute changes of stroke volume (r = 0.61;
      range -19 + 70 ml) and cardiac output (r = 0.82; range +1.6 + 16.4 l/m) between
      rest and exercise. The precision of the two methods was similar; the systematic
      error was 1.9 +/- 2.2 l/m for cardiac output and 6 +/- 17 ml for stroke volume.
      Thus, in these two groups of patients, although radionuclide and Fick cardiac
      output measurements at rest and during exercise correlated well, the radionuclide
      values were systematically and significantly lower.

PMID- 4067642
TI  - Validation of left ventricular volume measurements by radionuclide angiography.
AB  - A nongeometric, attenuation-corrected technique to quantitate left ventricular
      volumes using equilibrium radionuclide angiography was validated in vitro and in
      vivo. In vitro experiments were performed to derive a linear attenuation
      coefficient, which was then employed in the volume determinations using balloons
      in a water bath. Good in vitro correlation was found between radionuclide and
      actual volumes (r = 0.99, p less than 0.0001), over a wide range (5 to 400 ml).
      In vivo validation was done by comparing the nuclear technique to contrast
      angiography in 29 patients: Good correlations were found for end-diastolic volume
      (r = 0.98), end-systolic volume (r = 0.95), stroke volume (r = 0.96), and
      ejection fraction (r = 0.85). When the conventional linear attenuation
      coefficient was used, the radionuclide technique consistently overestimated
      volumes in vitro and in vivo. Although high intraobserver and interobserver
      correlation coefficients were found (r from 0.88 to 0.93), significant individual
      variability existed, particularly in the interobserver data. Our data provide
      unique validation of radionuclide volume determinations, using an experimentally
      determined attenuation coefficient, which results in improved accuracy.

PMID- 4067643
TI  - Twenty-four hour radioactive iodine uptake in 35 patients with amiodarone
      associated thyrotoxicosis.
AB  - Amiodarone associated thyrotoxicosis (AAT) occurs in approximately 10% of
      patients treated with this iodine rich drug in areas of mild iodine deficiency.
      The thyroid radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) is usually undetectable or very low
      in iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis. In the present study, 35 patients with AAT were
      evaluated. Twelve patients had no thyroid abnormalities by physical exam and all
      had 24-hr RAIU less than or equal to 4%. In contrast, nine of 11 patients with
      AAT and diffuse goiters and eight of 12 patients with AAT and nodular goiters had
      RAIU values greater than 8%. In patients with AAT and goiter it appears possible
      that the thyroid fails to adapt normally to the excess iodide load, resulting in
      an inappropriately high RAIU in the presence of excess plasma iodine.

PMID- 4067644
TI  - In vivo kinetics of radiolabeled monoclonal anti-CEA antibodies in animal models.
AB  - Studies were performed to determine the effect of the radiolabel and circulating
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) on the pharmacodynamics of monoclonal anti-CEA
      antibodies (MoAbs). The studies were performed in normal BALB/c mice and in nude
      mice bearing human colon tumors. Three different tumors were used, each of which
      produced CEA levels characteristic of that particular tumor's secretory rate. The
      CEJ-326 MoAb labeled with either 111In or 125I was used in all studies.
      Circulating CEA induced the removal of 125I and 111In MoAbs from the vascular
      compartment. Liver concentrations of 111In increased and 125I levels decreased as
      the CEA secretory rate of the tumor rose. This indicates that circulating CEA
      complexes form in the vascular compartment which, in an animal model, are removed
      by the liver and spleen. This results in decreased tumor uptake of the labeled
      MoAb. The iodinated MoAb complexes are dehalogenated while the 111In is retained
      by the liver. This dehalogenation may account for the relatively low liver
      activity observed in radioimmunoimaging with intact radioiodinated anti-CEA
      MoAbs, provided the CEA complexes are similarly removed from the vascular
      compartment by the human liver.

PMID- 4067645
TI  - In vivo effects of iron-55 and iron-59 on mouse testes: biophysical dosimetry of
      Auger electrons.
AB  - When the Auger-electron emitter, 55Fe, and the beta-emitter, 59Fe, are similarly
      distributed in the testes of mice, the conventionally calculated average
      radiation dose to the organ from 55Fe is about 2.6 times more effective in
      reducing the sperm-head count than the dose from 59Fe. This finding emphasizes
      the ability of low-energy Auger electrons to damage radiosensitive targets of
      cells through localized irradiation. The observed efficacy is understandable in
      terms of dosimetric models based on intracellular distribution studies of the
      radionuclides.

PMID- 4067646
TI  - An image processing method for feature extraction of space-occupying lesions.
AB  - Space-occupying lesions (SOL) and irregular intensity distribution are usually
      observed in the radioisotope images of human liver diseases, hepatic cancer, etc.
      This paper describes a new image processing method for evaluating such SOL by
      using a computer. This method analyzes quantitatively the convex and the concave
      structure of the contour line. From the processed results, the contour lines of
      radioisotope images of liver diseases are more ragged than those of normal ones;
      the region of SOL is extracted by the abnormal raggedness in the contour
      structure.

PMID- 4067647
TI  - Dual-isotope motion correction technique for gated exercise scintigraphy.
AB  - In exercise multigated blood-pool imaging, significant degradation of image
      quality occurs as a result of patient movement under the gamma camera. Motion
      correction devices using centroid tracking of x-y events emanating from the organ
      of interest cannot be applied to blood-pool studies, because cardiac contraction
      and rotation masks the correctable patient motion component. We have developed a
      dual-isotope motion correction technique (DIMC) which utilizes a second point
      source of dissimilar energy (241Am) to monitor movement. Positional centroids
      from events incident in the 241Am window are used to develop correction
      coordinates which are applied to the 99mTc blood-pool events. The ability of DIMC
      to reduce blur due to motion has been evaluated qualitatively with phantoms and
      quantitatively by using spatial resolution measurements obtained from stationary
      line sources and from sources moving at varying rates. Based on these criteria,
      we have found the device to be capable of reducing over 90% of the image blur of
      objects moving at 5.1 cm per sec. In preliminary gated exercise studies,
      subjective perception of image quality was shown to be significantly improved in
      the DIMC corrected image, when compared to images obtained without DIMC.
      Improvement in image quality for exercise gated studies is of particular
      importance because of the low count density obtained during these procedures.

PMID- 4067648
TI  - Comparison of "direct" and "indirect" radionuclide cystography.

PMID- 4067649
TI  - Problems with the use of "weight for height" tables.
AB  - Two sets of "weight for height" reference data that are widely used
      internationally for children and adolescents (NCHS) and for adults (Fogarty) show
      a marked discontinuity such that young adults might be considered obese by one
      set and underweight by the other. In view of the need for continuous data for the
      nutritional assessment of populations, a compromise set of reference values is
      proposed, calculated from the NCHS data, which is considered the more reliable of
      the two sets. The proposed values are a single set, which may be applied to all
      ages and to both sexes: they are close to the Fogarty data for tall adults but
      for shorter adults there remains a discrepancy, which may represent an error in
      the Fogarty data.

PMID- 4067650
TI  - Placental transport of retinol in ewes fed high intakes of vitamin A.
AB  - Twelve ewes were fed retinyl propionate equivalent to 12,000 micrograms
      retinol/kg body weight per day for the last two trimesters of pregnancy (group
      fed high vitamin A). Four ewes received a control level of 120 micrograms/kg body
      weight per day. Indwelling catheters were implanted surgically in fetal jugular
      veins and carotid arteries. Ewes or fetal lambs received [3H]retinol
      intravenously, and blood was sampled until parturition. The ewes fed large
      amounts of vitamin A maintained viable fetal lambs for 6 d less than did
      controls. Plasma retinyl ester concentrations were elevated in the ewes fed a
      high level of vitamin A but not in their fetal lambs. Rates of plasma retinol
      transport and clearance increased with vitamin A intake in ewes and their fetal
      lambs. Efficiency of placental retinol transport in the group fed high levels of
      vitamin A was less than one-quarter that for controls. However, placental
      transport rate was approximately 100 micrograms/d greater than that of controls
      with an equivalent amount retained by the fetoplacental unit in the group fed
      high vitamin A. These data indicate that placental transport of retinol is
      partially regulated. High maternal vitamin A intake results in high retinol
      transport to the fetus.

PMID- 4067651
TI  - The influence of dietary essential fatty acids on rat immunocompetent cell
      prostaglandin synthesis and mitogen-induced blastogenesis.
AB  - Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets including 10% corn oil (CO), 10% hydrogenated
      coconut oil (HCO) or 10% linseed oil (LO), and immune cell populations isolated
      from peripheral blood and spleen were examined for alterations in prostaglandin E
      (PGE) synthesizing capacity and mitogen-induced blastogenesis. Culture conditions
      were optimized by incubating the cells in serum obtained from animals fed the
      same diet. The fatty acid profiles of these sera reflected the composition of the
      dietary fat ingested. Both the LO and HCO diet treatments resulted in
      significantly lower PG-synthesizing capacity by both unstimulated and
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells or
      splenocytes when compared to the CO group. Mitogen-induced [3H]thymidine uptake
      by splenocytes from rats fed the HCO diet was twofold higher than responses
      observed in cells from animals fed the LO or CO diets. The results suggest that
      mitogenesis is not influenced by the diet-induced change in immune cell PGE2
      synthesizing capacity. Enhanced [3H]thymidine incorporation was associated with a
      greater degree of saturation of dietary fat.

PMID- 4067652
TI  - Zinc requirement of the baby pig when fed wet-autoclaved spray-dried egg albumen
      as the protein source.
AB  - Pigs 16 d of age were allotted to eight dietary levels of total zinc (6-36 ppm in
      5 ppm increments and 116 ppm) in a 28-d experiment designed to reevaluate the
      zinc requirement of the neonatal pig. The basal 21.0% crude protein diet
      contained wet-autoclaved spray-dried egg albumen (WAEA) as the protein source.
      Dietary zinc level did not affect (P greater than 0.05) pig growth for the first
      14 d of the experiment. Pig growth was adequate from d 14 to 28 of the experiment
      with 11 ppm or more of zinc. The milligrams of zinc retained per day per pig
      increased (P less than 0.05) with increasing dietary zinc up to 26 ppm, plateaued
      from 26 to 36 ppm and declined (P less than 0.05) at 116 ppm. Plasma zinc levels
      were higher (P less than 0.05) for pigs fed 31 ppm or more of zinc compared with
      16 ppm or less of zinc on d 21 and 28. Tibia and femur concentrations of zinc
      also increased with increasing dietary zinc up to 26 ppm. Esophageal tissue was
      normal in the majority of pigs fed 31 ppm or more of zinc. Retention of 65Zn
      further suggested that diets containing 26 ppm or less zinc were deficient in
      this element. Thus, zinc balance, concentrations of zinc in plasma and bone,
      esophageal histology and retention of 65Zn indicate that the minimum zinc
      requirement of the neonatal pig is between 26 and 31 ppm when fed a purified diet
      devoid of phytate.

PMID- 4067653
TI  - Effect of ingested toxic bean lectins on the gastrointestinal tract in the rat.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to provide further evidence for the mechanisms
      proposed for the toxicity of ingested bean lectins in animals: to show the
      stability of concanavalin A (Con A) in the gastrointestinal tract so that it has
      enough time to interact with some enzymes localized in the intestinal membrane
      and to find its effect on the activities of those enzymes that have been adopted
      as criteria for adaptive changes in response to altered diets, namely intestinal
      sucrase, alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase. Significant amounts of
      ingested Con A were recovered unaltered (as seen from affinity chromatography and
      electrophoresis) from the cecal content of rats 4 h after its oral administration
      and from feces (90% recovery) 4 d later. This indicated that Con A is quite
      stable during its passage through the gastrointestinal tract. Con A, given at a
      level of 0.3 or 0.5% in the diet, completely prevented adaptive changes in the
      activities of those enzymes. These results substantiate the mechanisms proposed
      earlier by other investigators that the toxicity of ingested bean lectins
      involves their binding to the luminal surface of the small intestine, where they
      disturb the function of the brush border membrane.

PMID- 4067654
TI  - Requirement for ascorbic acid in a rat mutant unable to synthesize ascorbic acid.
AB  - The activities of several enzymes involved in hepatic ascorbic acid synthesis and
      the requirement of dietary ascorbic acid were investigated in the OD (osteogenic
      disorder) rat, which has a hereditary defect in ascorbic acid-synthesizing
      ability. No activity of hepatic L-gulonolactone oxidase was detected in OD rats.
      However, OD rats maintained the normal activities of hepatic UDPglucose
      dehydrogenase, UDPglucuronyl transferase and beta-glucuronidase. Hemorrhage in
      muscle and leg joints, lower hepatic content of cytochrome P-450 and lower
      activities of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes, higher serum and adrenal levels
      of corticosterone and lower urinary excretion of hydroxyproline were observed in
      ascorbic acid-deficient OD rats than in OD rats fed 300 mg ascorbic acid/kilogram
      diet. Consequently, we conclude that OD rats cannot synthesize ascorbic acid
      because of the lack of activity of hepatic L-gulonolactone oxidase and that the
      dietary addition of about 300 mg ascorbic acid (per kilogram diet) is enough to
      prevent signs of vitamin C deficiency and to achieve maximum growth, and that
      more than 300 mg ascorbic acid per kilogram diet may be required for the maximum
      activity of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes.

PMID- 4067655
TI  - Utilization of zinc from picolinic or citric acid complexes in relation to
      dietary protein source in rats.
AB  - Young male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided in 18 groups of eight animals each
      and were fed ad libitum for 24 d a purified diet with 20% casein, whey protein or
      serum albumin as protein source. Each diet was supplemented with zinc picolinate,
      zinc citrate or zinc sulfate to a level of dietary zinc equal to 5 or 10 ppm. The
      source of zinc had no significant effect on zinc utilization with any of the
      three dietary proteins or at either dietary zinc concentration. With the 5 ppm Zn
      diet zinc concentration in the serum, but not weight gain or the zinc
      concentration in femur, testis or whole body was lower in rats fed the casein
      diet than in those fed the whey diet. Zinc concentrations in serum, femur, testis
      and whole body, but not weight gain, were lower in rats fed the casein diet than
      in those fed the serum albumin diet. With the 10 ppm Zn diet, zinc concentrations
      in serum, femur and whole body, but not weight gain nor zinc concentration in
      testis, were lower in rats fed the casein diet than in those fed either of the
      other diets. These results suggest that the reason for the lower utilization of
      zinc from cow milk in comparison to human milk may be the higher casein
      concentration in cow milk.

PMID- 4067656
TI  - Influence of magnesium deficiency on liver collagen after carbon tetrachloride or
      ethanol administration to rats.
AB  - The effects of magnesium deficiency on liver collagen after the administration of
      a hepatotoxic substance were investigated. Rats, fed a control or magnesium
      deficient diet (0.040 g/kg), received six CCl4 or mineral oil injections
      administered at 2-d intervals starting from the first day of diet treatment. They
      were killed 3 or 12 d after the last injection. Between postinjection d 3 and 12,
      no change of magnesium concentration in liver was observed in the deficient rats.
      Three days after the end of treatment liver calcium in the magnesium-deficient
      CCl4-treated rats was higher than in any other group. Liver collagen of untreated
      control rats and untreated magnesium-deficient rats was not significantly
      different. In control and magnesium-deficient animals receiving CCl4 treatment,
      the liver collagen levels were significantly higher than in untreated rats. The
      magnesium-deficient rats receiving CCl4 have higher liver collagen than the
      controls receiving CCl4. In a second experiment the effect of suboptimum intake
      of magnesium (0.120 g/kg) combined with the ingestion of ethanol was studied in
      rats given a solution of ethanol in water for 55 d as their only source of fluid.
      Mortality occurred in the magnesium-deficient rats receiving ethanol, and body
      weights of these rats were lower than those of animals in the other three groups.
      The collagen concentration in liver was higher in magnesium-deficient rats
      consuming ethanol than in any other group. The synergistic action between
      magnesium deficiency and ethanol therefore appears to be analogous to that
      observed with CCl4.

PMID- 4067657
TI  - The effect of dietary protein on the metabolism of vitamin B-6 in humans.
AB  - Eight men, aged 21-31 yr, were fed semipurified diets containing 0.5 (low), 1.0
      (medium) and 2.0 (high) g protein/kg body weight; vitamin B-6 intake was kept
      constant at 1.6 mg/d. Each level of protein was fed for 15 d. Urinary vitamin B-6
      (UB-6), urinary 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA), plasma total vitamin B-6 (PB-6) and
      plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) were determined every third day. Means are
      reported for all subjects of values determined during the second half of each
      period. Concentration of urinary and plasma vitamin B-6 compounds were negatively
      correlated with protein intake: the correlation coefficient of nitrogen intake
      with 4-PA was -0.69 (P less than 0.01); with PLP, -0.45 (P less than 0.05); and
      with PB-6, -0.48 (P less than 0.05). The decrease in UB-6 was not statistically
      significant. These results indicate that with increased intake of dietary
      protein, vitamin B-6 is retained in the body for increased catabolism of amino
      acids. When evaluating vitamin B-6 requirements or status in humans, protein
      intake must be considered.

PMID- 4067658
TI  - In vitro uptake of [3H]alpha-tocopherol from low density lipoprotein by cultured
      human fibroblasts.
AB  - Studies were performed to determine the mechanism of entry of [3H]alpha
      tocopherol from low density lipoprotein into cultured human fibroblasts. The
      cellular uptake of alpha-tocopherol at 37 degrees C was significantly different
      in time- and concentration-dependent experiments between normal fibroblasts and
      mutant fibroblasts that lack the membrane receptor for low density lipoprotein.
      The uptake by normal cells of both 125I-labeled low density lipoprotein and
      [3H]alpha-tocopherol was significantly lower at 4 degrees C where endocytosis
      does not occur, compared to 37 degrees C where it does occur. Also, the cellular
      uptake of both [3H]vitamin E and 125I-labeled low density lipoprotein was much
      lower when the lipoprotein was modified by methylation, which prevented its
      binding by the receptor, than when the native lipoprotein was measured. Although
      passive transfer and exchange cannot be excluded as mechanisms of entry, these
      data indicate that the majority of the alpha-tocopherol enters the cell with the
      intact lipoprotein particle. This finding is in contrast to several other
      hydrophobic compounds which reportedly transfer from the lipoprotein into the
      cell even in the absence of the lipoprotein receptor.

PMID- 4067659
TI  - The effects of dietary minerals and electrolytes on the growth and physiology of
      the young chick.
AB  - The effects of the mineral elements, calcium and available phosphorus (aP), and
      the electrolytes, sodium, potassium and chloride in the diet on the growth and
      physiology of male broiler-type chickens were investigated. The concepts of total
      dietary cation-anion and electrolyte (Na + K - Cl, meq/kg) balance were compared
      for their ability to describe observed growth and various parameters to 42 d of
      age. There were 12 dietary treatments; each was given to four replicates of 32
      birds housed in a deep-litter, environmentally controlled shed. Diets were
      nutritionally adequate and were based on practical ingredients. Total cation
      anion balance was varied from 327 to 700 meq/kg and electrolyte balance, from -29
      to 553 meq/kg. Results showed that total dietary cation-anion balance did not
      describe the growth of chickens as well as electrolyte balance. Low (less than
      180 meq/kg) or high (greater than 300 meq/kg) electrolyte balance in a diet led
      to depressed liveweight at 42 d of age. There was an optimum electrolyte balance
      from 250 to 300 meq/kg. The extent of liveweight depression from feeding diets
      with an electrolyte balance greater than 300 meq/kg depended on the type of
      cation added to the diet (Na or K): the range of the Na:K ratio for optimum
      growth was 0.5-1.8. Acid-base balance was influenced mainly by a diet with a low
      electrolyte balance (-29 meq/kg). Plasma ion levels (Ca, inorganic P, Mg, Na, K,
      Cl) were unaffected by dietary treatment, except that high dietary calcium
      reduced plasma inorganic P levels. Increasing calcium from 1.30 to 1.74% reduced
      liveweight at 42 d of age by 5%, but subsequent increases up to 2.30% Ca had
      relatively minor effects. Liveweight tended to be lower for birds fed a diet
      containing 1.30% Ca and 0.81% aP compared to 0.45% aP with 1.30% Ca. Total cation
      anion balance cannot be used in preference to dietary electrolyte balance to
      describe growth of broiler chickens. However, even though there was a good
      relationship between growth and dietary electrolyte balance, there were specific
      cation effects (Na and K) independent of electrolyte balance.

PMID- 4067660
TI  - The effects of long-term soy protein and milk protein feeding on the pancreas of
      Cebus albifrons monkeys.
AB  - Twenty-seven 2- to 4-yr-old cebus monkeys (Cebus albifrons) were fed from infancy
      purified diets containing lactalbumin, soy isolate, casein or soy concentrate as
      the sole protein source. Hematologic and clinical chemistry values were similar
      for all groups. Head and tail portions of each pancreas were surgically removed
      for histopathologic evaluation and determination of protein, RNA and DNA content,
      and for trypsin and chymotrypsin activity. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections
      from 26 of 27 monkeys showed normal pancreatic tissue with occasional acinar
      vacuolation in all diet groups. The remaining animal, one of only two fed soy
      concentrate, had diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the pancreas associated with
      mild to moderate atrophy of acinar tissue. Biochemical analyses of the pancreatic
      biopsies indicated no group differences among animals fed lactalbumin, soy
      isolate or casein. One of two monkeys in the soy concentrate group showed
      decreased pancreatic protein, RNA and trypsin concentrations; this was probably
      due to the fibrosis in this animal. No evidence of pancreatic hypertrophy or
      hyperplasia, as measured by RNA/DNA and protein/DNA ratios, respectively, was
      seen in any diet group.

PMID- 4067661
TI  - Serum cholesterol levels are not elevated in young copper-deficient rats, mice or
      brindled mice.
AB  - Experiments were conducted with suckling male C57BL mice and Sprague-Dawley rats
      to investigate the relationship between copper deficiency and elevated serum
      cholesterol. Brindled mice, which have a genetic defect that affects copper
      distribution, were compared to their normal brothers. Dietary copper deficiency
      was produced in dams heterozygous for the brindled gene, in normal mouse dams and
      in rat dams. The subsequent male offspring were compared to those from copper
      supplemented dams. Copper deficiency, as assessed by liver copper levels or
      ceruloplasmin activity, was demonstrated in 12-d-old rats, brindled mice, and in
      genotypically normal mice from dams fed the copper-deficient diet. However, serum
      cholesterol levels were not elevated in these "copper-deficient" rats or mice. In
      one experiment serum cholesterol levels of brindled mice were significantly lower
      than that of their littermate controls. An additional study was done with older
      mice. Their dams were fed a low copper diet from parturition throughout
      lactation, and the pups were fed the same copper-deficient diet for 4 wk after
      weaning. The 7-wk-old male copper-deficient mice had liver copper levels below 1
      microgram/g, but no elevation in serum cholesterol was observed. The failure to
      demonstrate a rise in serum cholesterol in these perinatal models may be due in
      part to less severe hepatic copper deficiency because of neonatal copper reserves
      in liver.

PMID- 4067662
TI  - Mineral metabolism of rats fed moderate levels of various aluminum compounds for
      short periods of time.
AB  - The effects of ingesting moderate levels of aluminum (5-272 micrograms Al/g diet)
      were assessed in two short-term (18-d) studies with rats. Rats were fed diets
      that contained no added aluminum or aluminum lactate, aluminum palmitate,
      aluminum phosphate or aluminum hydroxide in either reagent grade or desiccated
      gel forms. The average concentrations of aluminum in the tibias of rats fed 261
      272 micrograms Al/g diet were 13.0-15.6 micrograms Al/g fresh weight, while those
      of control animals were 1.0-1.9 micrograms Al/g fresh weight. Rats fed aluminum
      accumulated less aluminum in their kidneys and brains than in their tibias. In
      study 1, animals fed aluminum hydroxide tended to accumulate more aluminum in
      tissues, i.e., brain, than animals fed the other aluminum compounds. In study 2
      the type of aluminum hydroxide fed did not affect the accumulation of aluminum in
      tissues but rats fed 206 micrograms Al/g diet accumulated less aluminum in their
      tibias and more aluminum in their kidneys than rats fed 261 and 268 micrograms
      Al/g diet. Ingestion of these moderate doses of aluminum had no effects on tissue
      levels of calcium, magnesium and iron of rats and had only small effects on
      tissue levels of phosphorus, zinc and copper.

PMID- 4067663
TI  - Serum cholesterol levels and the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid
      as an indicator of lipid metabolism in rat liver.
AB  - Tne dietary effects of phytosterol and polyunsaturated fat (PUFA-fat) on the
      cholesterol and fatty acids levels in serum and liver of female rats were
      studied, with the following results. (1) Addition of 1% cholesterol with 0.25%
      cholic acid to a 10% butter diet increased cholesterol levels and decreased the
      ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) to saturated fatty acid (SFA) in the
      serum and liver. These changes diminished upon additions of phytosterol and PUFA
      fat (cod liver oil) to the 10% butter-cholesterol diet. (2) While the cholesterol
      rich diet increased the fatty acid content of the liver, addition of phytosterol
      to the butter-cholesterol diet depressed this increase. On the other hand,
      addition of PUFA-fat to the butter-cholesterol diet caused an increase of total
      fatty acid in the liver. (3) A negative relationship was found between the
      cholesterol level and the ratio of PUFA to SFA in serum (r = -0.810) and also in
      liver (r = -0.548). There were significant positive correlations between the
      values for the serum and liver cholesterol levels (r = 0.720) and also between
      the respective values in the ratios of PUFA to SFA (r = 0.521). These results
      indicate that dietary phytosterol and PUFA-fat modulate the levels of cholesterol
      in proportion to the increase in the ratio of PUFA to SFA in both serum and liver
      with the cholesterol diet, and show that the changes in the values for the serum
      reflected in changes in the liver.

PMID- 4067664
TI  - Nutritional treatment of liver cirrhosis by branched-chain amino acid-enriched
      nutrient mixture.
AB  - The effects of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-enriched nutrient mixture
      (nutrient-mixture) on the nitrogen metabolism and nutritional state were
      clinically investigated in 10 patients with liver cirrhosis. Nutrient-mixture
      supplemented diet was prepared by adding 150 g nutrient-mixture daily to low
      protein diet, and comparisons were made with a regular diet (control diet). Each
      diet supplied 2,100 kcal energy and 80 g protein per day. Patients were given
      control diet for 2 weeks and thereafter treated successively with nutrient
      mixture-supplemented and control diet each for 2 weeks. Nitrogen balance
      improvement and positive balance were observed during the feeding of nutrient
      mixture-supplemented diet. The composition of nitrogen compounds in urine and the
      fecal nitrogen excretion did not alter during the test period. Plasma aromatic
      amino acid (AAA) concentrations decreased and BCAA/AAA molar ratios increased
      significantly during the 1st and 2nd week of nutrient-mixture-supplemented diet
      administration. Plasma methionine concentration also decreased in the 1st week.
      Plasma pre-albumin levels rose significantly during the 1st and 2nd week of
      nutrient-mixture-supplemented diet administration, and the number connection test
      improved significantly following the supplemented diet. These results suggest
      that the use of nutrient-mixture in the nutritional treatment of liver cirrhosis
      had no deleterious effects on nitrogen metabolism and is useful for the
      improvement of plasma amino acid imbalance and protein-energy malnutrition.

PMID- 4067665
TI  - Changes of sugar-evoked transmural potential differences in intestine of rats
      with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
AB  - The changes of the transmural electrical potential difference (delta PD) evoked
      by infusion of glucose, maltose and sucrose and the disaccharidase activities in
      the everted intestine were studied in diabetic rats. After the induction of
      diabetes by streptozotocin, delta PDs evoked by sugars and the enzyme activities
      were observed in the jejunum and ileum. delta PDs evoked by glucose, maltose and
      sucrose markedly increased both in the jejunum and ileum of diabetic rats. The Kt
      values for these sugars in diabetic rats were the same as those of control rats.
      The Vmax values were significantly increased in the ileum of diabetic rats.
      Maltase and sucrase activities in the ileum increased in diabetic rats. Highly
      significant linear correlations were found between the delta PDs evoked by
      glucose and the delta PDs evoked by maltose or sucrose both in the jejunum and
      ileum of control and diabetic rats. However, delta PDs evoked by maltose and
      sucrose did not correlate with maltase and sucrase activities in the jejunum. In
      the ileum, delta PDs evoked by sucrose correlated with the sucrase activity which
      was very low. These results suggest that the increase of transport of glucose
      derived from disaccharides in the diabetes induced by streptozotocin is mainly
      due to the increased activity of the glucose transport system, but not due to the
      increase of disaccharidase activities.

PMID- 4067666
TI  - Suppressive effect of dietary unsaturated fatty acids on alpha-amino-beta
      carboxymuconate-epsilon-semialdehyde decarboxylase, a key enzyme of tryptophan
      niacin metabolism in rat liver.
AB  - The effect of dietary fat on the activity of rat liver alpha-amino-beta
      carboxymuconate-epsilon-semialdehyde decarboxylase [EC 4.1.1.45] (ACMSD), a key
      enzyme of tryptophan-niacin metabolism, was investigated. When high-fat diet was
      given to rats for a week, the activity of ACMSD in the liver was extremely
      suppressed, but not in the kidney. The liver enzyme activity was correspondingly
      and constantly reduced half by increasing soybean oil in the diet in 4% stages.
      The potency of suppression of the enzyme activity in liver was found to be
      different between soybean oil and lard in diets. Among various dietary fatty
      acids, saturated fatty acid was observed to be less effective. Unsaturated fatty
      acids, however, were shown to be suppressive and polyunsaturated fatty acid such
      as linoleic and linolenic acids more effective than oleic acid in suppressing
      liver ACMSD activity. These suppressive effects of dietary unsaturated fatty
      acids on the liver ACMSD activity were not considered to be caused by their
      direct effect on the enzyme protein. Moreover, neither inhibitor nor activator
      was thought to be involved in the alteration of the enzyme activity.

PMID- 4067667
TI  - Effects of the long-term (17-19 months) feeding of high-iodine eggs on lipid
      metabolism and thyroid function in rats.
AB  - The present paper describes the effects of long-term (17-19 months) feeding of
      high-iodine eggs on lipid metabolism and thyroid function of rats, and also the
      effects of inorganic iodine on lipid metabolism. Rats were meal-fed on a diet
      containing 1% (w/w) of ordinary egg powder (OE diet as control: 35 micrograms
      I/100 g) or high-iodine egg powder (IE diet: 392 micrograms I/100 g). After the
      19-month dietary treatment, rats fed on the IE diet, compared with the controls,
      showed a higher tissue lipoprotein lipase activity, a lower lipid peroxide level
      in the brain and a trend toward lower serum triacylglycerol levels and body fat
      storage without alterations in serum levels of thyroid-related hormones (TSH, T3
      and T4). From the results of cold exposure and anti-thyroid drug-treatment
      conducted on rats fed on the OE and IE diets for 17 months, high-iodine eggs
      seemed to improve the age-related defects in thermogenic and thyroid hormone
      responses to cold, and also to result in a resistance to the anti-thyroid drug.
      The effects of the IE diet on lipid metabolism of rats were partly exhibited by
      feeding of the OE diet with an equivalent amount of iodine added as KI or KIO3.
      Thus, it is suggested that iodine ingestion through high-iodine eggs modulates
      both lipid metabolism and thyroid function in rats.

PMID- 4067668
TI  - Effect of season and exercise on dermal nitrogen losses and their relation to
      urinary nitrogen excretion.
AB  - The present study was designed to estimate dermal nitrogen losses in summer and
      winter under the conditions of minimal daily activities, on a diet of standard
      Japanese protein intake level and to determine whether the increased dermal
      nitrogen losses induced by hot climate or exercise were compensated for by the
      decrease in urinary nitrogen excretion. Six healthy male university students
      served as the subjects. The daily dermal nitrogen losses (mean +/- SD) were 0.22
      +/- 0.07 g or 3.10 +/- 0.58 mg/kg in winter and 0.44 +/- 0.19 g or 6.35 +/- 2.46
      mg/kg in summer, showing significantly higher dermal nitrogen losses in summer
      than in winter. On the contrary, urinary nitrogen excretion tended to be larger
      in winter than in summer. Thus, renal compensation seemed to exist for the
      seasonal changes in dermal nitrogen losses. In the summer experiment, the
      subjects took light exercise besides the minimal daily activities for a 2-day
      exercise period. The pooled mean of daily dermal nitrogen losses during the
      exercise period was significantly larger than that during the sedentary period,
      while the urinary nitrogen excretion was almost the same in the two periods. No
      compensatory reduction in the urinary nitrogen excretion during the exercise
      period was observed under the conditions of the present study.

PMID- 4067669
TI  - Effects of cycloartenol on absorption and serum levels of cholesterol in rats.
AB  - The possibility that cycloartenol magnifies the hypocholesterolemic effect of
      beta-sitosterol was studied in two strains of rats fed on cholesterol-enriched
      (0.5%) diets. Cycloartenol was added to diets containing 1.0% or 0.5% beta
      sitosterol at the 0.05% level and to diet free of plant sterol at the 0.5% level.
      In one experiment, diets included sodium cholate (0.125%). Due to the potent
      hypocholesterolemic efficacy of beta-sitosterol under the present dietary
      regimens, no clear additional effect (so-called synergistic effect) of
      cycloartenol was observed. However, in the experiment using Wistar rats, the
      decrease in serum apo A-I due to feeding cholesterol was ameliorated more
      effectively in combination with beta-sitosterol than with beta-sitosterol alone.
      The hepatic deposition of cholesterol was mitigated by dietary beta-sitosterol,
      and further, although slightly, by a combination of beta-sitosterol and
      cycloartenol, except in the experiment with diets containing sodium cholate.
      Fecal excretion of neutral and acidic steroids was not meaningly magnified by
      cycloartenol. Cycloartenol itself was not as effective as beta-sitosterol in
      mitigating lipid disorders due to dietary cholesterol. The rate of appearance of
      cholesterol in the thoracic duct lymph was not interfered with further by a
      combination of beta-sitosterol and cycloartenol compared to beta-sitosterol
      alone. This trimethylsterol was absorbed at a rate approximately 4-fold higher
      than that of beta-sitosterol, though much lower compared to cholesterol. These
      results suggest a preference for cycloartenol in cholesterol dynamics. However,
      cycloartenol seems unlikely to influence cholesterol absorption in the small
      intestine.

PMID- 4067670
TI  - Effects of dietary fish protein, soybean protein and casein on cholesterol
      turnover in rats.
AB  - The effects of dietary fish, soybean protein and casein on cholesterol turnover
      were compared in rats. After the injection of [14C]cholesterol into the rats, the
      specific activities of radioactive cholesterol in feces were followed for 4
      weeks. The cholesterol half-lives calculated from the decay curves of the
      specific activities were 14.7 and 14.6 days in rats fed fish protein and soybean
      protein, respectively. These were shorter than the half-life (17.4 days) in
      casein-fed controls. The fish and the soybean protein feedings significantly
      increased the fecal excretions of cholesterol and coprostanol, respectively, and
      lowered the plasma cholesterol level, as compared with casein feeding. In
      addition, both fish and soybean protein feedings also increased the excretion of
      bile acids. The stimulation of cholesterol metabolism and the increased
      excretions of cholesterol and its metabolites by feeding fish or soybean protein
      appear to play important roles in the hypocholesterolemic effects.

PMID- 4067671
TI  - Utilization of urea nitrogen in Papua New Guinea highlanders.
AB  - The utilization of urea nitrogen was examined in 10 healthy adult men from a
      village near Lufa, in the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea. The
      staple diet of these men was sweet potatoes. [15N]urea was used as tracer for
      urea released into their intestinal tracts and the utilization of the urea-N was
      estimated from the trend of 15N. The men were orally given [15N]urea at the
      beginning of the study and then their daily protein intake, serum protein levels,
      15N excretion in the feces and urine, 15N retention in the whole body and 15N
      incorporation into serum protein were examined. Their daily protein intake (32.2
      +/- 8.6 g/day) was low, but their serum protein level (8.05 +/- 0.41 g/100 ml)
      was within the normal range. 15N retention in the whole body on day 3 was
      estimated to be 35.4 +/- 20.2% of the total amount administered, calculated from
      the recoveries in the feces (1.64 +/- 0.85%) and urine (63.0 +/- 20.5%) on days 1
      3. The utilization of urea nitrogen in Papua New Guinea highlanders was confirmed
      from the finding of 15N incorporation into serum proteins on day 3 (0.008 +/-
      0.005 atom% excess). This incorporation was negatively correlated with the
      urinary nitrogen excretion and serum protein level. This correlation suggests
      that Papua New Guinea highlanders with low urinary nitrogen excretion or a low
      level in serum protein, who are in a poor state of protein nutrition, tend to
      utilize more urea nitrogen for the synthesis of serum protein.

PMID- 4067672
TI  - Cooperative management of resources.

PMID- 4067673
TI  - Gastric cancer among paper mill workers.

PMID- 4067674
TI  - The role of exercise stress testing in the hazardous waste industry.

PMID- 4067675
TI  - Unstable SCE rates of blood lymphocytes of workers exposed to ethylene oxide.

PMID- 4067676
TI  - Comparative effectiveness of topical treatments for hydrofluoric acid burns.
AB  - Hydrofluoric acid (HF) burns are characterized by progressive tissue necrosis and
      severe pain. Numerous topical treatments have been proposed, yet few have been
      studied experimentally. The present study was designed to examine the comparative
      efficacy of recommended treatments. Hair on the hind legs of rats was removed and
      48 hours later 70% HF was applied. Calcium gluconate, Zephiran (benzalkonium
      chloride), A + D Ointment, aloe gel, and magnesium ointment were applied
      topically and burn development was monitored. Calcium gluconate significantly
      reduced burn size as early as one hour after application. Significant protection
      continued for seven days after the single application. The other treatments were
      not effective in decreasing or delaying HF burn development. The results
      indicated that calcium gluconate ointment was the most effective topical
      treatment for HF burns.

PMID- 4067677
TI  - Excess days lost as an index for identifying jobs with ergonomic stress.
AB  - A new health impact index, excess cost, is advocated for identifying jobs in need
      of further study regarding ergonomic problems. The excess cost index is compared
      with incidence rate, excess count, and severity rate indices in terms of concept
      and appropriateness to the purpose. The four indices are illustrated with data
      regarding medical leave from an automobile assembly plant and evaluated in terms
      of ability to identify jobs most strongly contributing to excessive days lost.

PMID- 4067678
TI  - A World War II uranium hexafluoride inhalation event with pulmonary implications
      for today.
AB  - Two individuals were exposed to massive quantities of airborne uranium
      hexafluoride (UF6) and its hydrolysis products following a World War II equipment
      rupture. An excretion pattern for uranium exhibited by these patients is, in
      light of current knowledge, anomalous. The possible role of pulmonary edema is
      discussed. Examination of these individuals 38 years later showed no physical
      changes believed to be related to their uranium exposure and no deposition of
      uranium could be detected.

PMID- 4067679
TI  - Incidence, external causes, and outcomes of work-related brain injuries in males.
AB  - Little published information is available on the incidence of brain injury from
      work-related activities. A study of brain injury of residents of San Diego
      County, California, showed that the overall work-related injury rate for males
      was 19.8 per 100,000 workers (45.9 per 100 million hours). The incidence rates
      for male civilian and military personnel were 15.2 and 37.0 per 100,000 workers,
      respectively. In addition, the annual incidence of such injuries was 9.9 per 100
      million work hours for males in the work force (18.5 per 100 million hours for
      military personnel and 7.6 per 100 million hours for civilians). Among military
      personnel, more than half of all work-related brain injuries were transportation
      related, primarily from off-road vehicles. Among civilians, more than half were
      due to falls. For both the military and civilian groups, work-related brain
      injury rates were markedly higher among young workers than among older ones.

PMID- 4067680
TI  - Mortality of aluminum reduction plant workers, 1950 through 1977.
AB  - The mortality experience of 5,406 men (cohort I) employed at one aluminum smelter
      on Jan. 1, 1950, and 485 men employed at a second plant (cohort II) on Jan. 1,
      1951, is reported. For each man, the total number of years of exposure to tars,
      the number of years since first exposure to tars, and an index of exposure to
      tars expressed in tar-years were calculated. More than 99% of the men in the
      first cohort and 98% of the men in the second cohort were traced. Of the 1,539
      men in cohort I who were deceased as of December 31, 1977, death certificates
      were obtained for 1,432 (93%). Of the 92 men in cohort II who were deceased as of
      December 31, 1977, death certificates were obtained for 80 (87%). The results
      showed that men in cohort I died of the following causes at approximately the
      same rate as or less frequently than men of similar age in the Province of
      Quebec: tuberculosis; circulatory disease; hypertensive heart disease; trauma;
      leukemia and aleukemia; and malignant neoplasms of the pancreas, genital organs,
      brain, intestine, and rectum and other abdominal areas. There were no deaths from
      pneumoconiosis or Alzheimer's disease. Although the observed and expected numbers
      of deaths in some of the cause-of-death categories were small, men in cohort I
      died of the following causes more frequently than did men of similar age in the
      Province of Quebec: respiratory disease; pneumonia and bronchitis; malignant
      neoplasms (all sites); malignant neoplasms of the stomach and esophagus, bladder,
      and lung; other malignant neoplasms; Hodgkin's disease; and other hypertensive
      disease. Mortality from malignant neoplasms of the bladder and lung was
      meaningfully related to numbers of tar-years and of years of exposure. Exposure
      response relationships were less clear for malignant neoplasms of the esophagus
      and stomach and for other malignancies. Mortality from respiratory disease for
      men with 21 or more tar-years of exposure was approximately twice that of persons
      never exposed to tars. The apparent excess of other hypertensive disease was
      restricted to men never exposed to tars. Malignant neoplasm of the lung was the
      only cause of death in cohort II that was in excess of that expected at Quebec
      provincial rates.

PMID- 4067682
TI  - Measures for increasing the teaching of occupational health in medical schools.

PMID- 4067681
TI  - Methodology questioned in report of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in MDI worker.

PMID- 4067683
TI  - McLean's work stress factors as predictors of mental illness.

PMID- 4067684
TI  - Bladder cancer in dye manufacturing workers.
AB  - Results of an occupational analysis of chemical dye workers, using data from a
      larger case-control study of bladder cancer in West Yorkshire, England, are
      presented. The current nature of the risk of bladder cancer experienced by such
      workers is assessed on an unmatched case-control basis. The results indicate that
      the bladder cancer risk has peaked for workers exposed to arylamines, but that
      they still experience a twofold to threefold increased risk even after
      adjustments for age and smoking. A dose-response relationship is demonstrated,
      linked to the number of years of occupational exposure. However, results obtained
      under stratification, commensurate with the dates of introducing revised working
      practices, indicate that the calendar years during which exposure occurred are
      more important, in relation to increased bladder cancer risk, than is length of
      exposure.

PMID- 4067685
TI  - A work-site weight control program using financial incentives collected through
      payroll deduction.
AB  - In a work-site weight control program using a self-motivational program of
      financial incentives implemented through payroll deduction, 131 university
      employees chose weight loss goals (0 to 60 lb) and incentives (+5 to +30) to be
      deducted from each paycheck for six months. Return of incentive money was
      contingent on progress toward weight goals. Participants were assigned randomly
      to one of four protocols, involving group educational sessions v self-instruction
      only and required v optional attendance at weigh-ins and sessions. Overall,
      dropout rates (21.4%) and mean weight loss (12.2 lb) were encouraging, especially
      compared with those of other work-site programs. Weight loss was positively
      associated with attendance at weigh-ins and educational sessions. However,
      requiring attendance did not increase program effectiveness and seemed also to
      discourage enrollment among men. The weight control program was equally effective
      when offered with professionally led educational sessions or when accompanied by
      self-instructional materials only.

PMID- 4067686
TI  - Prevalence of colorectal polyps among Michigan pattern and model makers.
AB  - A group of 902 pattern and model makers were screened for colorectal cancer and
      polyps using a 60-cm flexible sigmoidoscope. Three recent mortality studies have
      found a significant excess of colorectal malignant neoplasms in this occupational
      group. Four adenocarcinomas, two carcinoids, and two cancers in situ were found.
      In addition, 150 (17%) of the individuals were found to have polyps. Among white
      males 40 to 70 years of age, the prevalence rate was found to be 23%. The
      prevalence of colorectal polyps among the pattern and model makers was compared
      with that of four previously studied asymptomatic populations who were also
      examined using a 60-cm flexible sigmoidoscope. Polyp rates were found to be
      significantly greater among pattern and model makers than among three of the four
      comparison populations. The odds ratios between these three populations and the
      study population ranged from 1.9 to 2.7 and closely approximate the ratios found
      in previous studies evaluating colon cancer in this occupational group.

PMID- 4067687
TI  - Formaldehyde exposure in a gross anatomy laboratory.
AB  - A gross anatomy laboratory for medical students was evaluated for formaldehyde
      levels throughout its eight-week term. Results indicated that exposures for
      students and instructors were below the 3-ppm permissible exposure limit
      (assuming a maximum of five hours of daily exposure) established by the
      Occupational Safety and Health Administration. However, about one third of the
      eight-hour time-weighted-average exposures were greater than 1 ppm under the same
      assumptions. Exposure levels for students and instructors did not differ.
      Exposures tended to decrease over the term unless internal cadaver cavities were
      being dissected. These exposures are significant in light of the recent
      implication of formaldehyde as an animal carcinogen and the trend to reduce
      permissible levels to 1 ppm or lower.

PMID- 4067688
TI  - Work-site health promotion. Five-year trend in employee health care costs.
AB  - Participants in work-site health promotion programs are compared with other
      employees at the same work-site in terms of health care utilization as measured
      by insurance claims. Participants tended to incur higher health care costs than
      nonparticipants for the six-month period after the program began. However, a
      cohort analysis of one of the groups shows that participants' costs declined in
      relation to nonparticipants' for subsequent periods. Overall, for 4.75 years
      after the program, participants averaged 24% lower health care costs than
      nonparticipants. The imputed savings in health care costs exceeds program costs
      for this cohort by a factor of 1.45. The findings substantially strengthen the
      conclusions of other controlled studies that work-site health promotion reduces
      health care costs.

PMID- 4067689
TI  - Asbestos and tuberculosis in Trieste, Italy.
AB  - The distribution of counts of asbestos bodies in lung specimens from 25 persons
      dying of fibrocaseous tuberculosis was essentially identical to that in age- and
      sex-matched control subjects. Although tuberculosis mortality has been elevated
      in the past in cohorts of asbestos workers, asbestos exposure at environmental
      levels found in a region with a history of heavy asbestos use appears to be
      unassociated with risk of tuberculosis. Potentiation of the risk of death from
      tuberculosis may require both a high risk of tuberculosis in the general
      community and intense personal exposure to asbestos.

PMID- 4067690
TI  - Epidemiologic study of workers exposed to acrylonitrile: an update.
AB  - A previous report presented the cancer morbidity and mortality experience through
      1976 of a cohort of 1,345 male employees with potential for exposure to
      acrylonitrile at a fibers-producing plant. This study has now been updated
      through 1983 for cancer incidence and through 1981 for mortality. Overall, 43
      cancer cases have occurred, with 37.1 expected based on company rates. A
      previously reported excess number of cases of lung cancer remains, but is not as
      marked (10 observed, 7.2 expected). Prostate cancer cases were significantly in
      excess, with six cases observed and 1.8 expected. Mortality analyses revealed 36
      cancer deaths, with 31.6 expected. Of these, 14 were from lung cancer, with 11.6
      expected based on company rates. Only one death from prostate cancer occurred,
      with 1.0 expected. To our knowledge, prostate cancer excesses have not been
      reported in any other acrylonitrile studies, and hence their significance is
      currently difficult to assess.

PMID- 4067691
TI  - Activity level of mother's usual occupation and low infant birth weight.
AB  - Previous studies of the effect of mother's employment on infant birth weight have
      shown mixed results. This study was designed to explore the relationship between
      activity level of a woman's occupation and her risk of delivering a low-birth
      weight infant. Using 1981 state of Washington birth certificate records, the
      authors selected 5,822 subjects. Case subjects were women who had delivered
      infants weighing 2,500 g or less; controls were those who had delivered normal
      weight infants. Women were grouped into five activity levels based on their usual
      occupation. No association was detected between activity level of mother's usual
      occupation and delivery of a low-birth-weight infant. These data suggest that
      active work is not associated with an increased risk of having a low-birth-weight
      baby.

PMID- 4067692
TI  - Staple gun carpal tunnel syndrome.

PMID- 4067693
TI  - Changing target size is a stimulus for accommodation.
AB  - Accommodation was monitored by using a high-speed infrared optometer while
      subjects viewed a target that appeared to approach and recede in a sinusoidal
      manner. The target was presented under open-loop conditions to prevent blurring
      because of accommodation. The experiments suggest that changing target size can
      be an effective stimulus on its own. This supports the view that accommodation
      responds to both dioptric and nondioptric stimuli.

PMID- 4067694
TI  - Velocity discrimination in central and peripheral visual field.
AB  - Just-noticeable differences (jnd's) in velocity were measured as a function of
      reference velocity for central and peripheral vision. The velocity discrimination
      curves plotting jnd's in velocity, expressed as Weber fractions, as a function of
      reference velocity were U shaped at all eccentricities. Under almost every
      stimulus condition the increase in jnd in velocity with increasing eccentricity
      was significantly larger at low reference velocities than at high reference
      velocities. Consequently the shift toward higher velocities with increasing
      eccentricity was much clearer for the lower end of the velocity-discrimination
      curve than for the upper end. These results are in agreement with the predictions
      derived from the response characteristics of velocity-tuned cells. Control
      experiments involving direction discrimination have shown that the impossibility
      of making fine velocity judgments at high speeds is due not to too weak a
      contrast for the stimulus motion to be visible but to a limitation in the neural
      apparatus analyzing velocity.

PMID- 4067695
TI  - Incorporation of intraocular scattering in schematic eye models.
AB  - Beckmann's theory of scattering from rough surfaces is applied to obtain, from
      the experimental veiling glare functions, a diffuser that when placed at the
      pupil plane would produce the same scattering halo as the ocular media. This
      equivalent diffuser is introduced in a schematic eye model, and its influence on
      the point-spread function and the modulation-transfer function of the eye is
      analyzed.

PMID- 4067696
TI  - Hypertension. I. The relationship of hypertension to serum cholesterol,
      triglycerides, and sodium.

PMID- 4067697
TI  - A chronic illness and geriatric assessment, evaluation, and rehabilitation unit.

PMID- 4067698
TI  - A study of 138 return service scholarship applications awarded by the Oklahoma
      Physician Manpower Training Commission.

PMID- 4067699
TI  - Passive movement of radioactive microspheres from bone and soft tissue in an
      extremity.
AB  - Bone biopsy is the definitive method for bone tumor diagnosis. Unfortunately, the
      procedure is not without risk and may substantially increase the rate and extent
      of tumor cell metastasis. This study used radioactive microspheres (15 micron
      diameter) to explore the spread of cell-sized particles from the distal femur
      into the lymphatic system, venous drainage, and local tissue following a
      simulated biopsy in the canine model procedure. In the initial group of test
      animals the microspheres rapidly moved from the femur through the venous system
      to the lungs. There was no movement from the femur into the lymphatic system
      within 4 days. The lungs effectively filtered the 15 micron microspheres, thus
      preventing arterial dissemination. Additional groups were used to explore the
      movement of the cell-sized particles from the soft tissue surrounding the bone.
      At the end of the 4 day experimental period, microspheres were found in the iliac
      lymph nodes in two of nine animals. Microspheres were not detected in the lungs
      of any of these nine animals. These results suggest that tumor cell-sized
      particles can move rapidly from the bone venous system to the lungs following a
      bone biopsy. It appears that the lymphatic system does not contribute to this
      rapid dissemination. However, the role of lymphatics in a more chronic process
      remains unclear.

PMID- 4067700
TI  - Microvascular and histologic effect of circumferential wire on appositional bone
      growth in immature dogs.
AB  - Circumferential wires were placed around both midshaft femora of six immature
      dogs. On one side the wires were placed under the periosteum and on the other
      side the wires were placed over the periosteum. All wires were tightened to an
      equivalent tension. A diffuse growth of periosteal new bone occurred in those
      femora in which wires were placed under the periosteum but not in those over the
      periosteum. Corresponding microangiographs at 3 weeks in those femora in which
      wires were placed under the periosteum revealed dramatically increased medullary
      and periosteal vascularity coupled with histologic active trabecular bone
      formation. In those femora in which the wires were placed over the periosteum,
      even though the placement of the wires should supposedly have been the most
      detrimental, vascularity was not restricted. There were perfused vessels within
      the cortex directly under the wires. At 8 weeks the wires in both preparations
      were becoming encased in the growing cortical bone. Cerclage did not devitalize
      immature bone nor did it restrict adjacent appositional bone growth.

PMID- 4067701
TI  - Stress analysis of a condylar knee tibial component: influence of metaphyseal
      shell properties and cement injection depth.
AB  - We generated three-dimensional finite element models of the proximal tibia with
      an implanted tibial component. The component features a cobalt-chromium tray with
      four short vertical posts and a porous-coated surface for improved fixation to
      polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). We examined the stresses after varying: the
      structural rigidity of the metaphyseal cortical shell; the surface area of the
      cobalt-chromium tray; and the depth of pressure-injected PMMA bone cement. Our
      results indicate that previous finite element models of prosthetic tibial
      components have overestimated the structural contribution of the metaphyseal
      cortical shell by a factor of approximately 6. A standard size tray, in contrast
      to a tray that extends to the cortical shell, does not significantly alter the
      axial load distribution but could result in bone resorption beyond the tray
      periphery. An important consequence of the component peg locations is that they
      direct the compressive stresses into dense regions of trabeculae that run from
      the subchondral articular surface to the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction. The use
      of a modified von Mises failure criterion suggests that at excessive load levels
      the most likely location of material failure is at the bone cement-trabecular
      bone interface immediately distal to the fixation posts. Due to its added
      rigidity, injection of cement beyond the fixation posts results in slightly
      increased stresses in this region, but these stress increases are compensated for
      by an increased strength of the cement-bone composite.

PMID- 4067702
TI  - Contact finite element stress analysis of the hip joint.
AB  - Two-dimensional finite element analyses were conducted of the normal hip using
      contact elements at the joint surface. The models studied were constructed for a
      slice through the pubis, acetabulum, and ilium. In the analyses the proximal
      femur was pressed into the acetabulum and intraarticular pressures and principal
      stresses in the joint region were determined for different load magnitudes and
      directions and various boundary conditions. Three sets of boundary conditions
      were examined: (a) deformable pubic symphysis, (b) rigid pubic symphysis, and (c)
      simulations of experimental studies. In the deformable model the pubic symphysis
      was free to displace in the sagittal plane and rotate. In the rigid model the
      pubic symphysis was rigidly fixed. Superoposterior loading resulted in high
      contact pressures at the acetabular dome for all sets of boundary conditions. For
      the deformable model subject to a more medially directed load the acetabulum
      closed in such a manner as to squeeze the head of the femur creating high-contact
      pressures superiorly and inferiorly. This resulted in significant compressive
      stresses in the superior dome cancellous bone and inferior cancellous bone. The
      cumulative effect of this squeezing action with normal biological remodeling may
      cause elongation of the femoral head resulting in asphericity and incongruity of
      the unloaded hip joint articular surfaces. Rigidly fixing the pubic symphysis
      stiffened the model and resulted in principal stress patterns that did not
      reflect trabecular density or orientations as well as those of the deformable
      pubic symphysis model. Finite element simulations of previous experimental
      studies modeled the close proximity of the fixation to the excised acetabulum.
      These boundary conditions prevented the squeezing caused by pelvis deformations.
      The resulting contact areas, pressure distributions, and bone stresses were very
      different from those of the more anatomic, deformable pubic symphysis model.
      These findings demonstrate the sensitivity of hip contact pressures and stresses
      to imposed boundary conditions and indicate that care should be taken to simulate
      anatomic conditions in experimental and theoretical studies.

PMID- 4067703
TI  - Effect of femoral stem length on stress raisers associated with revision hip
      arthroplasty.
AB  - The objective of this study was to experimentally determine the optimal length of
      a femoral component in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Embalmed cadaveric
      femurs were loaded in a physiologic manner, and strains on the lateral cortex
      were measured. Two kinds of defects were tested to simulate THA after removal of
      a nail plate and after removal of a loose femoral stem. A drill hole was made in
      the lateral cortex of the femur to simulate the removal of a nail plate. A
      reaming defect was made, using flexible reamers to thin the cortex from the
      lesser trochanter distally to a site corresponding to the tip of a standard
      femoral component, to simulate THA after removal of a previously inserted femoral
      stem. Femurs were tested intact, with the defects, and after insertion of femoral
      components with stem lengths of 100 to 250 mm. The strain increased with the
      creation of a defect and decreased with the insertion of an implant. For a femur
      with a defect, the strain was minimized when the stem length extended 1.5 femoral
      diameters past the defect.

PMID- 4067704
TI  - In vivo bone mineral analysis throughout skeletal growth in rats: differences due
      to sex or vitamin D deficiency.
AB  - This study reports a new technique for the measurement of bone mineral content
      (BMC) in live rats. A single photon absorptiometric instrument has been adapted
      for rapid, reproducible measurement of BMC. Four bone sites were selected for
      use, based on ease of positioning and reproducibility of measurement; these were
      as follows: proximal femur, midfemur, proximal seventh caudal vertebra, and
      midseventh caudal vertebra. Significant increases were detected when BMC was
      measured at biweekly intervals from weaning to 18 weeks of age in normal male
      rats. Comparison of body growth and changes in BMC of male and female rats with
      age showed that body weight gain of female rats slowed earlier than that of male
      rats whereas BMC increased at similar rates in both sexes. Vitamin D deprivation
      from day 24 of life resulted in decreased BMC at all four measurement sites
      compared with such measurements in normal control rats. Differences were
      detectable after 8 weeks of age and occurred despite the maintenance of serum
      calcium levels within normal range and only slight reduction in body weights of
      vitamin D deprived rats. These studies demonstrate that single photon
      absorptiometry can be used to monitor changes in BMC in live rats on a routine
      basis without harm to the animals. Changes in BMC such as those due to growth or
      vitamin D deprivation can easily be quantitated using this technique.

PMID- 4067705
TI  - Trabecular bone strength patterns at the proximal tibial epiphysis.
AB  - The longitudinal compressive strength of trabecular bone from the human proximal
      tibial epiphysis was investigated in 12 autopsy specimens using multiple
      penetration tests with a small diameter indentor. Strength profiles were
      visualized by three-dimensional computerized reconstruction as a function of
      location on the resection surfaces. There were large variations of the maximal
      values between individuals, but the patterns obtained were remarkably uniform.
      The medial condyle showed the highest peak value in all but one knee with a mean
      medial-to-lateral peak value-ratio of 1.7. At the medial condyle the high
      strength area was relatively large with peak values being obtained centrally and
      anteriorly; the lateral condyle showed a more restricted, posteriorly localized
      area of high strength. Beneath the menisci, bone strength gradually decreased
      toward the margins of the condyles; likewise, bone strength decreased to reach
      very low values at the intercondylar region. There was a significant reduction of
      bone strength with the distance from the subchondral resection surface. This
      reduction was most pronounced at the high strength areas.

PMID- 4067706
TI  - Influence of cartilage conformation on its equilibrium water partition.
AB  - The spatial and bulk water equilibrium partition and fluid content were
      determined for normal adult bovine articular cartilage as a function of pH,
      temperature, and geometric confinement. Water partition averaged 60 +/- 7% at
      neutral pH and 37 degrees C and increased with decreasing pH and increasing
      temperature without a concomitant change in fluid content. The variation in water
      partition appeared to be a result of local conformation changes in the collagen
      fibril ultrastructure causing a transfer between free and trapped water volume.
      Removal of the lateral and subchondral bone geometric constraints caused an
      increase in both the water partition and fluid content. However, this partition
      variation could be accounted for solely from a change in free fluid volume
      without a change in the trapped fluid volume. These results suggest that in
      articular cartilage the proteoglycan-collagen interaction may be an important
      mechanism for controlling the partition of water between a freely exchangeable
      space and a space allowing no fluid exchange.

PMID- 4067707
TI  - Descriptive anatomy of fibrocartilaginous menisci in the finger joints of the
      hand.
AB  - Observations were made from the dissection of 156 digital joints (thumbs
      excluded). In all joints fibrocollagenous menisci projected into the articular
      cavity from a ring-like structure based on the joint capsule. These meniscal
      structures separated the articulating cartilage surfaces at the margins of the
      joint. Histological examination confirmed a fibrocartilaginous nature of the
      tissue which demonstrated positive staining for proteoglycans and collagen
      fibers. Although generally similar in form, these meniscal structures varied in
      extent when compared between joint groups. The greatest amount and articular
      contribution was noted in metacarpophalangeal joints with least being found
      distally.

PMID- 4067708
TI  - Piezoelectric internal fixation devices: a new approach to electrical
      augmentation of osteogenesis.
AB  - Prototype testing has been accomplished on a piezoelectric, internal fixation
      plate. This device combines a piezoelectric material with an internal fixation
      device as an integrated structure that provides mechanical stability, together
      with self-generated electrical stimulation, for treating fractures and nonunion.
      In bench and animal tests we have demonstrated that cyclical loading can cause a
      device of this type to generate electrical charge while attached to bone. After
      rectification, direct currents within the range known to stimulate osteogenesis
      can be produced by weight-bearing loads. Furthermore, electrical output of the
      implants can be increased by externally applied ultrasonic energy. These twin
      developments add significantly to the potential armamentarium of devices to
      enhance bone healing.

PMID- 4067709
TI  - Effect of freezing on histologic and biomechanical failure patterns in the rabbit
      capital femoral growth plate.
AB  - Ten pairs of proximal femora were harvested from 8-week-old New Zealand white
      rabbits. Experimental shear fractures were then created in vitro, and load
      displacement curves were recorded. One specimen from each animal was tested
      within 4 h of death, whereas the contralateral specimen was frozen for 10 to 20
      days and thawed prior to testing. Histologic sections of the fractured specimens
      were studied. No statistically significant differences could be demonstrated
      between the fresh and the frozen/thawed specimens in either the histologic
      patterns or the shear load or stress to failure.

PMID- 4067710
TI  - Experimental temperature rise in human hip joint in vitro in simulated walking.
AB  - Although reported frictional coefficients in synovial joints are very low, a
      computer model of the human hip joint in simulated walking predicted a
      temperature rise of several degrees Celsius. To confirm this prediction, physical
      experiments were conducted in vitro on intact human hip joints dynamically loaded
      and articulated as in walking. Thermisters were placed in subchondral bone in
      both the acetabulum and femoral head, just below the cartilage layers. The
      surrounding saline bath was maintained at 37 degrees C. Measured temperatures as
      high as 2.5 degrees C above the 37 degrees C were recorded in the subchondral
      bone. Loading that simulated the stance/swing phases of gait but without
      articulation produced no significant increase in temperature; thus fluid flow per
      se is not significantly energy dissipative; the prime source is friction at the
      articulating surfaces.

PMID- 4067711
TI  - Congenital complete AV-block.

PMID- 4067712
TI  - Primary ventricular fibrillation complicating acute myocardial infarction:
      incidence in subgroups.

PMID- 4067713
TI  - Acetabular femoral interactions in the loosening of total hip endoprosthesis.

PMID- 4067714
TI  - [Mucocele of the sphenoidal sinus--a report of 26 cases].

PMID- 4067715
TI  - [Application of CO2 laser to the treatment of patients with laryngeal cancer and
      their post-treatment phonatory function].

PMID- 4067716
TI  - [Derived auditory brainstem response audiometry].

PMID- 4067717
TI  - [The neuronal mechanisms of sneeze].

PMID- 4067718
TI  - [Pitfalls by radiological diagnosis of zygoma].

PMID- 4067719
TI  - [Surgery of the sphenoidal mucocele].

PMID- 4067720
TI  - [Sleep apnea syndrome--treatment by pharyngoplasty].

PMID- 4067721
TI  - [Deformity of thyroid cartilage as a cause of false cord hypertrophy].

PMID- 4067722
TI  - [Preparation of antisera to human nasal secretion and the purified mucin and
      their application in immunohistochemistry].

PMID- 4067723
TI  - [CT images of unilateral sinus lesions].

PMID- 4067724
TI  - [Personality test results in patients with tinnitus].

PMID- 4067725
TI  - [Effects of carbocysteine on experimental otitis media with effusion caused by
      long-term exposure to SO2].

PMID- 4067726
TI  - [Effects of carbocysteine on experimental chronic sinusitis caused by long-term
      exposure to SO2].

PMID- 4067727
TI  - [Biochemical aspects of protease treatment in chronic inflammation].

PMID- 4067728
TI  - [Epithelial migration on the tympanic membrane and external canal].

PMID- 4067729
TI  - [Diagnostic value of computerized trapezoid acceleration testing for aural
      vertigo].

PMID- 4067730
TI  - Fine structural changes in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and asbestosis.
AB  - Lung biopsies from 17 patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis of a
      cellular rather than fibrotic pattern were examined by transmission electron
      microscopy in the hope that such cases would show features of pathogenetic
      significance. Further selection was made by choosing minimally affected areas.
      There was no ultrastructural evidence of immune complex deposition but alveolar
      epithelial and capillary damage was frequently found (17 and 14 of the 17 cases
      respectively). Alveolar epithelial injury consisted of patchy necrosis and
      regenerative hyperplasia. Alveolar capillary injury consisted of cytoplasmic
      swelling and basement membrane thickening and reduplication. Many of these
      features have not been emphasized in previous reports and their prominence in
      early stages of the disease suggest that they may have pathogenetic significance,
      possible mechanisms of which are discussed. Similar findings identified during
      the course of this study in 8 asbestos workers suggest that similar pathogenetic
      mechanisms may operate in asbestosis.

PMID- 4067731
TI  - Persistent renal damage following pre-eclampsia: a renal biopsy study of 13
      patients.
AB  - Renal biopsy material was examined from 13 patients who had a history of pre
      eclampsia and who were biopsied after delivery. The characteristic
      'endotheliosis' associated with pre-eclampsia appeared to resolve at varying
      rates and was not seen in biopsies taken more than 1 month after delivery. Four
      of the biopsies showed residual focal segmental glomerular lesions which are
      described. Focal global glomerular sclerosis (eight biopsies), focal interstitial
      scarring (seven biopsies) and arteriolo-sclerosis (nine biopsies) were also
      identified. These findings support those earlier reports which indicated that pre
      eclampsia is capable of producing persistent renal damage in a small but
      significant percentage of cases.

PMID- 4067732
TI  - Morphometric analysis of gastric dysplasia.
AB  - The grading of gastric epithelial dysplasia has been studied by means of computer
      aided morphometry. Measurements of histological features were made on segments of
      epithelium from 38 selected cases of dysplasia graded by subjective assessment.
      The measurements were statistically compared with the subjective scores using
      discriminant analysis. The measurements were found to provide significant
      discrimination between all groups. Nuclear size proved to be the main
      discriminating variable. Prediction of the likely group membership of individual
      cases was possible using classification equations derived from the discriminant
      analysis. Classification of the original data set revealed prediction errors
      which suggested a bias against diagnosis of dysplasia. As a result of this study
      reliable, repeatable and objective gradings of gastric epithelial dysplasia can
      be obtained by inexperienced persons with an accuracy approaching that of a
      skilled pathologist.

PMID- 4067733
TI  - An immunohistological study of giant-cell tumour of bone: evidence for an
      osteoclast origin of the giant cells.
AB  - Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies against a variety of lymphoid and non
      lymphoid antigens the immunohistological staining pattern of giant cells from a
      case of giant-cell tumour of bone has been compared with that of osteoclasts from
      the developing ends of fetal long bones. Only EBM-11, an antibody reacting with a
      wide spectrum of macrophages, stained both osteoclasts and giant cells; stromal
      cells and osteoblasts did not react. This indicates that osteoclasts and giant
      cells are phenotypically and presumably functionally similar. It is argued that
      the osteoclasts and the tumour-derived giant cells in bone are derived from a
      similar mononuclear precursor.

PMID- 4067734
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of basement membrane type IV collagen in
      invasive and metastatic squamous carcinomas of the head and neck.
AB  - The immunohistochemical localization of basement membrane type IV collagen was
      investigated with a mouse monoclonal antibody in major surgical resections from
      25 patients with invasive squamous carcinomas of the head and neck. Irrespective
      of site, size or stage of the disease, the 16 primary invasive tumours were
      almost completely surrounded by a layer of type IV collagen. Focal abnormalities
      were regularly present, consisting of thickening and aggregation of type IV
      collagen together with attenuation and segmental loss. Similar changes were seen
      in metastatic squamous carcinomas in 36 cervical lymph nodes. It is suggested
      that the probable formation of a normal basement membrane protein by these
      squamous carcinomas indicates the preservation of a normal function of
      differentiating squamous epithelia. The results indicate that a major basement
      membrane component, type IV collagen, continues to co-exist with invasive and
      metastatic squamous carcinomas.

PMID- 4067735
TI  - Characterization of a neoplastic epithelial cell strain derived by dexamethasone
      treatment of cultured normal mouse type 2 pneumocytes.
AB  - The epithelial cell strain NAL1A cultured from normal adult mouse lung has been
      transformed by culturing in dexamethasone into an invasive neoplastic cell
      strain. The criteria for neoplastic transformation include the capacity for
      anchorage independent growth in soft agar as well as the formation of invasive
      neoplastic nodules after subcutaneous transplantation in thymectomized irradiated
      newborn mice. The cells of the invasive neoplastic nodules induced by
      dexamethasone culturing of NAL1A were indistinguishable histopathologically and
      by electron microscopy from invasive nodules evoked by the subcutaneous
      inoculation of CMT64, a cell line cultured from a metastasizing mouse lung tumour
      and cell strain NUL1 derived from mouse pulmonary adenomata induced by urethane.
      Cells of the nodules derived from all three cultured strains possessed
      desmosomes, surface microvilli and phospholipid lamellar bodies characteristic of
      the type 2 pneumocyte. It is concluded that cultured cell strains NAL1A, cultured
      in dexamethasone, NUL1 and CMT64 evoke invasive subcutaneous neoplasms derived
      from a common ancestor, presumably a type 2 pneumocyte related stem cell.

PMID- 4067736
TI  - Histological changes associated with ageing of the human carotid body.
AB  - A qualitative and quantitative histological study was made of the carotid bodies
      obtained at necropsy from 47 subjects ranging in age from 14 to 100 years. With
      increasing age there is a loss of more than a third of the amount of glomic
      tissue with a diminution in the size of the lobules. In young people the basic
      histological pattern of clusters, composed of cores of chief cells with
      surrounding rims of sustentacular cells, has commonly superimposed on it
      prominence of the dark variant of chief cells. In middle-aged subjects there is
      proliferation of sustentacular cells which appear to merge imperceptibly into
      fibrosis of the lobules and becomes associated with diffuse or focal infiltrates
      of lymphocytes.

PMID- 4067737
TI  - Ultrastructural pathology of experimental Ebola haemorrhagic fever virus
      infection.
AB  - The organs of monkeys infected with Ebola haemorrhagic fever were examined by
      light and electron microscopy during the acute stage of the disease. The virus
      caused focal coagulative necrosis in the liver, spleen, kidney, lung and testis
      and widespread mild vascular damage. In the brain there was intense congestion,
      with erythrocyte 'sludging', but no inflammatory reaction. There was significant
      injury to the microvasculature in all organs. Virus replicated in endothelial
      cytoplasm causing focal necrosis, separation of tight junctions and detachment
      from basement membranes. These changes were associated with oedema and
      haemorrhage, but though contributing to the hypovolaemic shock were not
      sufficiently extensive to account for the severity of vascular collapse. Renal
      involvement was also clinically important. Some renal cellular injury was caused
      by direct virus invasion of glomerular endothelium and tubular epithelium, but
      much tubular damage was probably due to ischaemia resulting from thrombosis in
      the peritubular capillaries. The virus also replicated in lymphocytes and
      monocytes and in interstitial cells of the testis. Since particles were not found
      in seminiferous epithelium, the degeneration of spermatogonia and spermatocytes
      was probably secondary to ischaemia.

PMID- 4067738
TI  - Primary small intestinal lymphoma: a study of 39 cases.
AB  - Thirty-nine cases of primary small intestinal lymphoma were studied by
      morphological and immunohistochemical methods. The adjacent uninvolved mucosa was
      also examined for features suggestive of coeliac disease. Employing the
      immunogold silver staining (IGSS) technique and polyclonal primary antisera
      against alpha-l-antitrypsin, lysozyme and kappa and lambda light chains, 29 cases
      (74.5 per cent) were found to be B-cell lymphomas, seven (18 per cent)
      histiocytic tumours, one (2.5 per cent) Hodgkin's disease and two (5 per cent)
      remained unclassified. No specific lymphoma subtype was found to be associated
      with cases having the histological features of coeliac disease in the uninvolved
      adjacent mucosa. In 35 cases sufficient clinical information was available to
      assess the significance of histological type and stage in relation to survival.
      Although the histological type did not correlate with survival, stage did and
      tumours extending beyond the local lymph nodes were associated with a
      significantly worse prognosis.

PMID- 4067739
TI  - Malignant histiocytosis of the intestine.

PMID- 4067740
TI  - Small intestinal lymphoma.

PMID- 4067741
TI  - Identification of infants unlikely to have serious bacterial infection although
      hospitalized for suspected sepsis.
AB  - During a 2-year period, 233 infants younger than 3 months were prospectively
      studied to determine whether physical examination, white blood cell and band
      count, and urinalysis could identify infants unlikely to have serious bacterial
      infections. Only previously healthy infants (born at term, no perinatal
      complications, no previous or underlying diseases, no previous antibiotic
      therapy) were studied. One hundred forty-four (62%) of the 233 infants were
      considered unlikely to have serious bacterial infections, because they did not
      have physical findings consistent with ear, soft tissue, or skeletal infection,
      had between 5000 and 15,000 white blood cells/mm3, had less than 1500 bands/mm3,
      and urinalysis yielded normal findings. Eighty-nine (38%) infants did not meet
      one or more of these criteria and were classified as being at high risk for
      serious bacterial infection. Only one (0.7%) of the 144 infants in the low-risk
      group had a serious infection, compared with 22 (25%) of the 89 infants in the
      high risk group (P less than 0.0001). None of the infants in the low-risk group
      had bacteremia, compared with nine (10%) of the 89 infants in the high-risk group
      (P less than 0.0005). Neither traditional risk factors, such as age, sex, and
      temperature, nor other signs, symptoms, or laboratory findings were adequate
      predictors of serious bacterial infection. We conclude that previously healthy
      infants younger than 3 months with an acute illness are unlikely to have serious
      bacterial infection if they have no findings consistent with ear, soft tissue, or
      skeletal infections and have normal white blood cell and band form counts and
      normal urine findings.

PMID- 4067742
TI  - Acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease: etiology and clinical correlates.
AB  - Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is a new pulmonic process in a clinically ill patient
      with sickle cell disease. We prospectively analyzed 102 episodes of ACS in
      patients in our hospital during a 2-year period to study cause and clinical
      correlates. In 12% of the episodes, ACS was judged to be secondary to bacterial
      pneumonia (including only 3% secondary to Streptococcus pneumoniae), 8% was
      associated with uncomplicated viral pneumonias, and 16% with mycoplasmal
      pneumonias. The clinical course and seasonal variations in these groups were
      compared with those in the remaining 64% of episodes. In comparison with episodes
      of ACS of undetermined origin (presumably secondary to pulmonary infarct,
      atelectasis, or missed infections), patients with bacterial pneumonia were
      sicker, as shown by fever and hospitalization of longer duration, the percent of
      those requiring red blood cell transfusion, and the presence of pleural
      effusions. The lower incidence of bacterial pneumonias among our patients
      compared with that previously reported may reflect our use of penicillin
      prophylaxis and pneumococcal immunization to prevent S. pneumoniae infections.

PMID- 4067743
TI  - Hypermobility of the joints in juvenile episodic arthritis/arthralgia.
AB  - It has been suggested that hypermobility of the joints may predispose children to
      the development of arthritis or arthralgia. To determine the normal frequency of
      hypermobility, 260 normal schoolchildren (5 to 17 years of age) were examined. In
      addition, 34 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and 32 children
      with juvenile episodic arthritis/arthralgia (JEA) were tested. Any child who met
      at least three of the following criteria was considered to have joint
      hypermobility: (1) passive apposition of the thumbs to the flexor aspect of the
      forearms; (2) passive hyperextension of the fingers so that they lie parallel
      with the extensor aspect of the forearms; (3) hyperextension of the elbows
      greater than 10 degrees; (4) hyperextension of the knees greater than 10 degrees;
      (5) flexion of the trunk with knees extended so the palms rest on the floor.
      Thirty-two (12%) of 260 normal schoolchildren and 21 (66%) of 32 with JEA had
      hypermobility. Further, a significantly higher proportion (23 of 126) of normal
      girls than normal boys (nine of 134) had hypermobility (chi 2 = 8.0, P less than
      0.005). Hypermobility was not common in children with JRA. These findings support
      the hypothesis that hypermobility may be an important factor in the cause of JEA.

PMID- 4067744
TI  - Reye syndrome in children receiving salicylate therapy for connective tissue
      disease.
AB  - Concern that salicylates may play a role in the pathogenesis of Reye syndrome has
      raised the question of whether children receiving salicylate therapy for
      connective tissue disease are at risk for development of Reye syndrome. Of 176
      patients with biopsy-confirmed Reye syndrome studied between January 1969 and
      June 1983, six had connective tissue disease at the time of development of Reye
      syndrome, and all six were receiving salicylates. Compared with the general
      population, children receiving salicylate therapy for connective tissue disease
      may be at increased risk for the development of Reye syndrome.

PMID- 4067745
TI  - Esophagitis: a frequent consequence of gastroesophageal reflux in infancy.
AB  - A control group of infants was evaluated to determine criteria for the diagnosis
      of histologic esophagitis. Based on our observations, histologic esophagitis was
      defined as four or more intraepithelial neutrophils or one eosinophil per high
      power field or both. Esophageal biopsy specimens from 33 consecutive infants
      younger than 2 years who had been examined for clinically significant
      gastroesophageal reflux (GER) were reviewed for histologic esophagitis. Endoscopy
      had been performed in each patient, and 4.1 +/- 1.1 (mean +/- SD) biopsy
      specimens had been obtained above the distal 20% of the esophagus. Twenty (61%)
      infants had histologic esophagitis, including 15 with intraepithelial eosinophils
      alone, one with intraepithelial neutrophils alone, and four with both. Older
      infants (7 to 24 months) with histologic esophagitis were more likely to have
      moderate to severe inflammation than were infants younger than 7 months of age (P
      = 0.01). Endoscopic evidence for gross esophagitis was found in six (18%)
      infants; of these, five had abnormal biopsies, including four with moderate to
      severe inflammation. Among the 27 infants with a grossly normal esophagus, 14
      (52%) had histologic esophagitis, including nine (33%) with moderate to severe
      inflammation. We conclude that in infants with clinically significant GER: (1)
      esophagitis is common, (2) histologic esophagitis frequently occurs in the
      absence of gross endoscopic findings, (3) the likelihood of moderate to severe
      inflammation increases after 6 months of age, and (4) intraepithelial eosinophils
      are a sensitive marker for acute inflammation in association with GER.

PMID- 4067746
TI  - Hydrocephalus and mental retardation in craniosynostosis.
AB  - We prospectively studied craniosynostosis, regardless of neurologic status, by
      cranial computed tomography or psychometric testing in 56 children. None of the
      27 children with simple craniosynostosis (single or multiple suture involvement)
      had evidence of hydrocephalus on CT scan. Of the 24 patients with simple
      craniosynostosis who underwent psychometric testing, 17 were of average
      intelligence; six were in the low average range. The single mentally retarded
      child had a history of severe perinatal asphyxia. Hydrocephalus occurred more
      frequently (five of 23 cases) in children with complex craniosynostosis
      syndromes, including Pfeiffer syndrome, Crouzon syndrome, and kleeblattschadel
      deformity. More striking than hydrocephalus, however, was the finding of
      dysmorphic ventricular dilation in eight patients, including the three children
      with Apert syndrome and four with Crouzon syndrome. Nineteen of the 25 children
      with complex craniosynostosis syndromes receiving psychometric testing were of
      normal intelligence. Four children with borderline normal intelligence had either
      hydrocephalus or ventricular dilation. The two children with mental retardation
      were sisters with Crouzon syndrome whose family included other retarded
      individuals. This study indicates that the incidence of hydrocephalus and mental
      retardation in craniosynostosis is lower than reported previously.

PMID- 4067747
TI  - Dormant correspondence reconsidered.

PMID- 4067748
TI  - The pediatrician of the future.

PMID- 4067749
TI  - Follow-up at ages 5 and 7 years on mental development in children with
      hypothyroidism detected by Quebec Screening Program.

PMID- 4067750
TI  - Neonatal hypothyroidism screening: status of patients at 6 years of age. New
      England Congenital Hypothyroidism Collaborative.

PMID- 4067751
TI  - Randomized study of sunshine exposure and serum 25-OHD in breast-fed infants in
      Beijing, China.

PMID- 4067752
TI  - Pseudotumor cerebri and Lyme disease: a new association.

PMID- 4067753
TI  - "Bedside" balloon septostomy in infants with transposition of the great arteries:
      new concepts using two-dimensional echocardiographic techniques.
AB  - We performed balloon atrial septostomies in six successive infants with
      transposition of the great arteries, using echocardiographic guidance at the
      bedside in the neonatal intensive care unit. In all cases adequate septostomy was
      obtained and instantaneously assessable. PaO2 values increased as expected (mean
      before septostomy 28 mm Hg; after, 42 mm Hg). In cases of transposition clearly
      diagnosed echocardiographically, this intervention need not be done in the
      catheterization laboratory. The need for a full hemodynamic study in the neonatal
      period is arguable.

PMID- 4067754
TI  - Effects of maternal alcohol intoxication on fetal circulation and myocardial
      function: an experimental study in the ovine fetus.
AB  - To determine whether acute alcohol ingestion during pregnancy could affect fetal
      myocardial function, studies were carried in six chronically catheterized fetal
      sheep during maternal alcohol infusion. Absolute ethyl alcohol (0.8 ml/kg) was
      administered to the mother over 10 minutes via the jugular vein. These infusions
      were repeated every 30 minutes during 3 hours, and peak maternal and fetal blood
      concentrations close to 200 mg/dl alcohol were reached. Fetal PCO2 decreased from
      a baseline of 43.15 +/- 3.75 to 36.13 +/- 2.6 torr 1 hour after the start of
      alcohol infusion (P less than 0.05). Similarly, pH rose from 7.37 +/- 0.027 to
      7.44 +/- 0.015 (P less than 0.05). Both values returned to baseline level at the
      end of alcohol infusion. PO2 remained within physiologic limits. The systolic
      time intervals of the fetal heart showed a rapid and prolonged modification. The
      pre-ejection period from 58 +/- 8 to 66 +/- 4 msec (P less than 0.05) during the
      infusion; this change was related to an increase in the isometric contraction
      period. The ratio of the pre-ejection period over the ejection time was also
      significantly increased (P less than 0.01), and remained elevated until the end
      of the experiment (12 hours). A rise in fetal systolic and diastolic pressures
      was observed at about 2 hours after the start of the alcohol infusion, and lasted
      4 hours. This study suggests that an episode of maternal alcohol intoxication
      causes rapid depression of fetal myocardial contractility that is maintained
      several hours after cessation of alcohol ingestion.

PMID- 4067755
TI  - Thermal head wrap for infants.

PMID- 4067756
TI  - Cord blood prealbumin concentrations in neonates of 22 to 44 weeks gestation.

PMID- 4067757
TI  - Postoperative morphine infusion in newborn infants: assessment of disposition
      characteristics and safety.
AB  - Twelve newborn infants were given morphine intravenously for postoperative
      analgesia. They received a continuous infusion of 6.2 to 40 micrograms/kg/hr for
      9 to 105 hours (mean +/- SEM 59.5 +/- 10.2 hours); in four the infusion was
      preceded by a loading dose of 50 to 100 micrograms/kg. Morphine plasma
      concentrations correlated with the rate of infusion, but with large variability.
      There was a tendency for plasma morphine concentrations to decrease in some
      patients receiving a constant infusion rate, suggesting improvement in morphine
      clearance rate. Elimination half-life of morphine (13.9 +/- 6.4 hours) was
      significantly longer than in older children and adults (about 2 hours).
      Similarly, morphine concentrations in neonates receiving 20 micrograms/kg/hr for
      24 hours were three times higher (52 +/- 31 ng/ml) than in older children
      receiving the same schedule. Two infants who received 32 and 40 micrograms/kg/hr,
      respectively, developed generalized seizures. Because of the apparently greater
      sensitivity to morphine and the lower elimination rate in newborn infants, the
      infused dose should not exceed 15 micrograms/kg/hr.

PMID- 4067758
TI  - Fatal hepatic failure and encephalopathy associated with amiodarone therapy.

PMID- 4067759
TI  - Accidental chlorpromazine ingestion as a cause of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
      in children.

PMID- 4067760
TI  - Neonatal jaundice and coagulopathy.

PMID- 4067761
TI  - Physician attendance at cesarean section.

PMID- 4067762
TI  - Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome or malignant histiocytosis?

PMID- 4067763
TI  - Vitamin K deficiency in infants.

PMID- 4067764
TI  - Cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome: a familial case consistent with autosomal
      recessive inheritance.

PMID- 4067765
TI  - Possible indomethacin-aminoglycoside interaction in preterm infants.

PMID- 4067766
TI  - LAL: a Canadian perspective.

PMID- 4067767
TI  - Process Parametric Release--the Canadian regulatory view.

PMID- 4067768
TI  - Automated limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test for endotoxin analysis using a new
      Toxinometer ET-201.

PMID- 4067769
TI  - Stability studies of 5-fluorocytosine in aqueous solutions.

PMID- 4067770
TI  - Automating the laboratory for computerized lot release operations.

PMID- 4067771
TI  - Importance of the lymphatic system.

PMID- 4067772
TI  - Chronic constipation in children: the need for hard data about normal stools.

PMID- 4067773
TI  - Characterization of microvillus membrane vesicles.

PMID- 4067774
TI  - Sucrose malabsorption in children: a report of thirty-one Greenlanders.
AB  - Thirty-one children with sucrose malabsorption are reported. All had a flat blood
      sugar curve after sucrose ingestion but a normal one after monosaccharides.
      Seventy-five percent were malnourished and 11 were dehydrated at admission to
      hospital. Seven had to have intravenous rehydration. After institution of a
      sucrose-free diet, the symptoms disappeared and the patients gained weight.
      Eighteen had had symptoms for greater than 1 year, 13 for greater than 2 years,
      and 7 for greater than 5 years before their cause was discovered. Familial
      occurrence of sucrose malabsorption was shown in three to five cases. Four
      children were reinvestigated 7-15 years after diagnosis. All had chronic
      dyspepsia, and none kept a strictly sucrose-free diet. Three of the four patients
      were underweight for their age by from 5 to 16 kg, whereas the fourth was as
      underweight as compared to height. It is concluded that the high incidence of
      sucrose malabsorption found in Greenland together with the high sucrose
      consumption might be of nutritional hygienic significance for the population.

PMID- 4067775
TI  - Congenital selective malabsorption of glucose and galactose.
AB  - We review here the case histories and results of in vivo and in vitro tests for
      eight children with congenital selective glucose and galactose malabsorption
      (GGM) whom our laboratory has followed up since 1971. Clinically, GGM was
      manifested by intractable, acidic, sugar-containing diarrhea that started during
      the neonatal period. Diarrhea only abated when glucose and galactose were removed
      from the diet. The disease was notable for the absence of other symptoms,
      although mellituria was a common finding. Defective sugar transport was
      permanent, but sugar tolerance appeared to increase with age. In vitro,
      intracellular mucosal glucose concentration (C) was significantly below control
      level in GGM intestinal tissue for concentrations (M) of 10 and 0.1 mM glucose in
      the medium. C/M for galactose also decreased, while the C/M ratios for alanine
      and xylose were within the control range. Glucose influxes across the luminal
      membrane, net glucose transepithelial fluxes, and electrical parameters were all
      consistent with defective sodium and glucose cotransport at the brush border
      membrane of jejunal epithelial cells. However, the present results are also
      consistent with a small residual active transport system observed only at low
      glucose concentration in the medium. Further observations are needed to establish
      the role of glucose transport systems in absorption of other monosaccharides, the
      relationship between kidney and intestinal sodium-glucose cotransport systems,
      and their genetic control.

PMID- 4067776
TI  - Digestion and absorption rates of lactose, glucose, galactose, and fructose in
      three infants with congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption: perfusion studies.
AB  - The digestion rates of lactose and the absorption rates of glucose, galactose,
      and fructose were studied by continuous perfusion of the jejunum in three
      patients aged 7 weeks to 9 months with congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption
      (infusion rate:1.0 ml min-1; concentration of each sugar: 200 mM; perfusion
      distance: 30 cm). The mean absorption rates of glucose and galactose were 26.5
      and 43.8 mumol min-1 30 cm-1, respectively, and were significantly reduced (p
      less than 0.001) to 13 and 22%, respectively, of intake. On the other hand, the
      absorption of fructose was 133.3 mumol min-1 30 cm-1, i.e., as high as in the
      controls. The hydrolysis rate of lactose was also normal (134.0 mumol min-1 30 cm
      1). However, the absorption rates of glucose and galactose released from the
      disaccharide were as low as the perfusion of free monosaccharides. In patients
      with glucose-galactose malabsorption the glucose absorption rate is as low as
      that of galactose. No additional glucose transport system seems to exist. A
      hydrolase related transport system is also of no importance in compensating for
      the primary defect of monosaccharide absorption.

PMID- 4067777
TI  - Influence of hydrocortisone on human fetal small intestine in organ culture.
AB  - The influence of hydrocortisone on the differentiation and proliferation of human
      fetal small intestine was studied. Fetal intestine (12- to 14-week gestation) was
      cultured during 5 days at 37 degrees C in serum-free Leibovitz L-15 medium alone
      or supplemented with hydrocortisone (12.5, 25, and 50 ng/ml). The addition of
      different concentrations of hormone did not affect the morphology of the
      intestinal explants. Brush border membrane hydrolytic activities, namely,
      sucrase, lactase, glucoamylase, trehalase, and alkaline phosphatase activities,
      were assayed in the intestinal tissue. A specific increase of lactase and
      alkaline phosphatase activities was induced by the addition of 25 and 50 ng
      hydrocortisone/ml culture medium. The DNA synthesis evaluated by the
      incorporation of [3H]thymidine was increased by the addition of 50 ng
      hydrocortisone/ml. The sites of incorporation into the different layers of the
      intestinal wall were studied by radioautography. The incorporation of the
      radioactive precursor occurred mainly in the epithelium and to a lesser degree in
      the mesenchyme and muscular layers. Labeled epithelial nuclei were located in the
      intervillous areas and developing crypts but not on the villi. The addition of
      hydrocortisone induced a significant increase of the labeling index of the
      epithelial cells. The present work provided for the first time some basic data on
      the influence of hydrocortisone on brush border hydrolytic activities and on
      epithelial cell proliferation of human fetal small intestine.

PMID- 4067778
TI  - Biochemical abnormality in brush border membrane protein of a patient with
      congenital microvillus atrophy.
AB  - Brush border membrane proteins from a child with congenital microvillus atrophy
      were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      compared with brush border membrane proteins from normal and disease controls. A
      predominant band of MW 200K was present in all preparations with the exception of
      the membrane preparation from the child with congenital microvillus atrophy.
      Although the band was present in the latter case, it was grossly diminished. The
      diminished 200K MW band may result in the abnormality of brush border structure.
      This could account for the involution of the microvilli, the distinguishing
      feature of congenital microvillus atrophy, and could be the underlying defect in
      this disease.

PMID- 4067779
TI  - Isolation and characterization of two particle-bound oligoaminopeptidases from
      human meconium that are different from oligoaminopeptidase of adult small
      intestine.
AB  - Two oligoaminopeptidases (substrate L-leucyl-beta-naphthylamide) have been
      separated by ion exchange chromatography after Triton solubilization of meconial
      particles. The quantitatively major form (oligoaminopeptidase II) has been
      purified to apparent homogeneity. The two meconial oligoaminopeptidases differ
      from each other in their polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic mobility and
      isoelectric points. Both meconial enzymes differ from the adult enzyme by having
      more acidic isoelectric points and different affinities to Helix pomatia lectin
      Sepharose columns. Oligoaminopeptidase II has a faster anodal electrophoretic
      mobility than the adult enzyme but a similar apparent molecular weight and
      subunit structure. Extensive neuraminidase digestion of meconial
      oligoaminopeptidase II does not modify the gel electrophoretic mobility of the
      enzyme. The charge difference between adult and meconial human brush border
      oligoaminopeptidases is therefore probably due, at least in part, to differences
      in the carbohydrate composition of these glycoproteins, and differences in the
      number of terminal or exposed sialic acid residues do not explain the observed
      charge differences.

PMID- 4067780
TI  - Serum IgA and IgG gliadin antibodies and small intestinal mucosal damage in
      children.
AB  - Serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG gliadin antibodies were determined with a
      simple, rapid, and inexpensive method--diffusion-in-gel enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (DIG-ELISA)--and the results were related to small intestinal
      mucosal morphology in 234 children suspected of having malabsorption. Fifty-six
      of 58 children with flat intestinal mucosa had increased IgA and/or IgG gliadin
      antibody levels (sensitivity 97%). Fifty-four of the 58 children had celiac
      disease (CD) (n = 25) or probable CD (n = 29). Four children with flat mucosa had
      cow's milk protein and/or soy protein intolerance and three of these had
      increased gliadin antibody levels. Seventeen percent of 132 children with normal
      intestinal mucosa had increased IgA and/or IgG gliadin antibody levels. IgA and
      IgG gliadin antibody levels decreased significantly in the celiac children on a
      gluten-free diet and increased significantly after gluten challenge.
      Determination of serum IgA and IgG gliadin antibodies by means of DIG-ELISA is a
      sensitive test for small intestinal mucosal damage in children. When
      malabsorption is suspected, we suggest that this assay be used to select children
      for a small intestinal biopsy. It is also very useful for the follow-up of
      adherence to a gluten-free diet and to determine the effect of gluten challenge
      in celiac children.

PMID- 4067781
TI  - Studies of intestinal lymphoid tissue. VIII. Use of epithelial lymphocyte mitotic
      indices in differentiating untreated celiac sprue mucosa from other childhood
      enteropathies.
AB  - The mitotic activity of epithelial lymphocytes (expressed as percentage mitotic
      figures/3,000 lymphocytes/mucosal biopsy) was determined in a random sample of
      jejunal biopsies performed on 44 children with malabsorption, diarrhoea, or
      failure to thrive. The mitotic index (MI) exceeded 0.2% in 19 biopsies obtained
      from children with untreated celiac sprue (CS); there were no false positives.
      The remaining 25 biopsies (MI of less than 0.2%) were considered to be
      "nonceliac" in origin, among which were several with a severe degree of villous
      flattening. Conditions in this latter category excluded by a low MI included
      cow's milk protein enteropathy, selective immunoglobulin A deficiency, combined
      variable immunodeficiency, Crohn's jejunitis, and intractable diarrhoea of
      infancy. A high MI (greater than 0.2%) prospectively distinguishes mucosal
      lesions due to untreated CS from other causes of malabsorption, particularly
      those associated with villous flattening, but in which the MI is less than 0.2%.
      This index is therefore proposed as a simple, reliable, and prospective
      histological marker of CS, and one that could: reduce the need to perform
      multiple biopsies during a gluten-free diet; and avoid the necessity for follow
      up "diagnostic" gluten challenges, especially in very young children.

PMID- 4067782
TI  - Pulmonary hydrogen and methane excretion following ingestion of an unabsorbable
      carbohydrate: a study of twins.
AB  - Pulmonary excretion of hydrogen and methane after administration of an
      unabsorbable disaccharide (lactulose) was determined in 228 adult Hungarian
      twins, 60 monozygous (MZ) and 54 dizygous (DZ) pairs. More than 98% of the
      subjects (224 of 228) excreted large amounts of hydrogen between 90 and 180 min
      after lactulose administration. Methane excretion in the fasting state was
      observed in 124 of 228 of the probands (54.4%), and 68 of 228 (29.8%) produced
      additional methane in response to lactulose ingestion. In contrast to hydrogen
      production, both methane excretion and production were significantly more
      frequent in females than in males. In the total group, and more distinctly in
      females, the correlation between peak hydrogen and methane concentrations was
      negative. Twin concordance of fasting methane excretion and lactulose-induced
      methane production was near 70% in both MZ and DZ pairs. Heritability estimates
      of methane excretion and production based on intrapair correlation and variance
      were smaller than unity, and intrapair correlation coefficients were larger in
      twin pairs living apart than in those living in the same household. Methane
      excretion is comparatively frequent in the Hungarian population, and a
      substantial proportion of fasting methane excreters (55%) produce additional
      methane from lactulose. The sex difference of methane excretion appears to be
      characteristic of European populations. The twin data disprove regular Mendelian
      inheritance of methane production and are suggestive of genetic effects in a
      multifactorial system.

PMID- 4067783
TI  - Absorption and tolerance of lactose in infants recovering from severe diarrhea.
AB  - Nineteen infants were challenged during their convalescence from severe diarrhea
      with a lactose-containing meal. Twenty-four hour intake, pre- and post-challenge
      breath H2 levels, clinical responses, and growth were measured at approximately
      biweekly intervals for 3 months beginning 1 month after hospital discharge. Ten
      lactose-tolerant infants were assigned randomly to receive one of two formulas
      similar in composition except for carbohydrates: lactose (Group L) (n = 6) and
      sucrose (Group S) (n = 4). Infants in Group L had greater intakes and growth
      rates during the initial 15 days of the study. No difference in weight for age z
      scores was detected between groups at the end of the observation period. Infants
      in Group L had higher baseline and peak breath H2 levels indicating greater
      colonic carbohydrate fermentation than infants in Group S: however, breath H2
      levels were not predictive of tolerance to lactose-containing meals. Carbohydrate
      absorption by infants in Group S appeared to exceed that of infants in Group L.
      Thus, colonic fermentation of malabsorbed carbohydrate may have prevented
      diarrhea and allowed acceptable rates of catch-up growth.

PMID- 4067784
TI  - Disaccharidase activities, jejunal morphology, and carbohydrate tolerance in
      children with chronic diarrhea.
AB  - Children with chronic diarrhea were examined for their carbohydrate tolerance,
      small bowel morphology, and specific disaccharidase activities to determine
      whether disaccharidase enzymatic activity is related to villus height and thus
      may be viewed as an independent variable that controls digestive capacity.
      Results indicated that 65-78% of all abnormal biopsy samples had specific
      disaccharidase activities that fell within the normal range. Clinical
      disaccharide tolerance studies indicated that specific enzyme activity did not
      correlate with disaccharide tolerance.

PMID- 4067785
TI  - Intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity in relation to age in humans.
AB  - Early studies of a few subjects suggested that intestinal alkaline phosphatase
      (IAP) activities in children 5 years of age or less were higher than in older
      individuals. To further investigate this finding, the IAP and disaccharidase
      activities of 298 subjects (133 were 5 years of age or less) with normal
      intestinal histology were assayed. Ninety-five of the children had serum alkaline
      phosphatase determined. The youngest individual with a low lactase activity was 5
      years of age, which supported the earlier findings. When the whole population was
      tested, there was no correlation between the intestinal and serum alkaline
      phosphatase values. The mean IAP activity of subjects 1 year old and less was
      greater than in older individuals, but there was greater statistical dispersion
      and the data were not normally distributed. When studying the natural logarithm
      of the data, a wide dispersion of values about the mean in the 0 to 3 year-old
      age group was observed. This qualitative behavior is characteristic of functions
      involving the base of the natural logarithm and of processes that "age" in a
      simple way.

PMID- 4067786
TI  - Ornithine transcarbamylase and disaccharidase activities in damaged intestinal
      mucosa of children--diagnosis of hereditary ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
      in mucosa.
AB  - Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) and disaccharidase activities were measured in
      the intestinal mucosa from 182 children. Sixty-nine had normal mucosa, whereas
      the others had different degrees of mucosal damage. Brush border disaccharidases
      are significantly decreased in all degrees of villous atrophy. In contrast, OTC
      is not affected in moderate atrophy and only slightly decreased in severe
      atrophy. Consequently, the OTC-to-lactase ratio increases with the degree of
      atrophy and permits discrimination between normal and damaged mucosa. The assay
      of OTC activity in intestinal mucosa for the diagnosis of hereditary deficiency
      in male hemizygote patients generally provides nonambiguously low results,
      whereas in heterozygote females the amount of residual activity is in the range
      of the results found in damaged mucosa.

PMID- 4067787
TI  - Interaction of intestinal disaccharidases with phospholipids: effect of
      cholesterol.
AB  - Although the rat intestinal brush border disaccharidases are the most easily
      solubilized protein components, the nature of the lipid-protein interactions in
      the membrane is incompletely understood. Phospholipid vesicles were prepared
      using the lecithin fraction from brush border membranes and synthetic lecithins.
      Addition of cholesterol to brush border lecithins enhanced the binding of
      disaccharidases, but not of alkaline phosphatase. The addition of cholesterol to
      synthetic lecithin vesicles enhanced the binding of disaccharidases only when
      added above the transition temperature of the lecithin used. The maximal effect
      occurred at an equimolar ratio of lecithin to cholesterol. Binding of
      disaccharidases to phospholipid vesicles was independent of charge or the nature
      of the polar head group, and the enzyme was inserted so that the catalytic domain
      was excluded from the lipid matrix. These results demonstrate that membrane
      attachment of disaccharidases is hydrophobic, involving primarily fatty acyl
      chains and an interaction with cholesterol. The membrane interaction does not
      seem to affect enzyme activity.

PMID- 4067788
TI  - Two kinds of identity crisis.
AB  - In order to outline a model of identity crisis, it is necessary to distinguish
      two types. In an identity deficit ("motivation crisis"), the individual
      experiences a lack of guiding commitments but struggles to establish personal
      goals and values. In an identity conflict ("legitimation crisis"), the person has
      several commitments which prescribe conflicting behavioral imperatives in some
      situations, such that at least one commitment may have to be betrayed. The
      literature on identity crisis is reviewed in connection with this distinction,
      and an attempt is made to delineate the causes, the subjective experiences,
      behavioral consequences, and modes of resolution of each type of crisis.

PMID- 4067789
TI  - Self-focused attention, self-esteem, and the experience of state depression.
AB  - The present experiment explored the effect of self-focused attention and self
      esteem on self-reported state depression. Subjects completed a self-esteem scale
      before taking part in an exercise designed to induce either strong feelings of
      temporary depression (strong condition) or very mild feelings of temporary
      depression (weak condition). Before rating their mood, subjects waited for a
      short period either in the presence or absence of a mirror. A significant
      Depression Manipulation X Mirror-No Mirror interaction effect emerged: Subjects
      who waited in the presence of the mirror reported feeling more depressed in the
      strong condition and less depressed in the weak condition, relative to those who
      waited in the absence of the mirror. Moreover, this interaction effect was mainly
      attributable to the low self-esteem participants, rather than to the medium or
      high self-esteem individuals. Theoretical implications of these findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 4067790
TI  - Processing bias: individual differences in the cognition of situations.
AB  - An approach to investigating individual differences in the cognition of
      situations is presented. Situations are characterized in terms of Gibson's notion
      of affordances, and it is suggested that individuals differ in the extent to
      which they differentially process information specifying certain types of
      affordances rather than others. This differential cognitive processing of a
      situational affordance is termed a "processing bias." It is proposed that
      processing biases are manifest in an individual's anticipation, perception, and
      memory of situations. To illustrate the approach, a processing bias for social
      vs. nonsocial affordances is investigated within and among these three cognitive
      domains. The relationship of this processing bias to two facets of the
      personality trait dimension of sociability--overall level and self-schemata--is
      also examined. Such research on processing biases may help to clarify the role of
      cognition in person-situation interactions. The greatest strength of the approach
      is that its characterization of individual differences in cognition and behavior
      is complementary to a general approach to describing human environments.

PMID- 4067791
TI  - Borderline manifestations in the Rorschachs of male transsexuals.
AB  - It was hypothesized that male transsexuals manifest a character structure
      consistent with Kernberg's criteria for borderline personality organization.
      Exploring this hypothesis, Kernberg's criteria for borderline personality
      organization were operationalized using Rorschach measures. The following
      variables were examined: aggression (Holt System Aggressive Content Section),
      object relations (Urist's Mutuality of Autonomy Scale), reality testing (Exner
      System X + %), and self/object differentiation (Exner System Special Scorings). A
      group of male college students, a group of male borderlines, and a group of male
      transsexuals were compared on the above variables. Compared to the normals, the
      transsexuals and borderlines displayed significantly more intense levels of
      aggression, a lower level of object relations, poorer reality testing, and
      impaired boundary differentiation. The transsexuals and borderlines did not
      differ significantly. The results were taken as suggesting that male gender
      dysphorics may be a sub-group of the wider borderline diagnostic category.

PMID- 4067792
TI  - Homophobia, perceived fathering, and male intimate relationships.
AB  - This study examined the relationships among homophobia, perceived fathering, and
      male intimacy with significant male and female best friends. A questionnaire,
      administered to 130 adult heterosexual males, included McDonald and Game's
      homophobia measure (ATHMS), eight intimacy scales, and four scales measuring
      subjects' recollections of their fathers' parenting styles. Correlations of ATHMS
      and individual intimacy scales revealed a significant relationship between
      homophobia and intimacy in male-male relationships. Homophobia was related to
      male-female intimacy on those measures which reflected subjects' perception of
      their female partner's sensitivity to them. Although homophobia was related to
      perception of the father as enforcing sex roles, none of the perceived fathering
      variables were directly related to intimacy with males. The findings provide
      evidence for a direct relationship between male homophobia and lack of intimacy
      in friendships between men.

PMID- 4067793
TI  - Scale 4 (Pd) of the MMPI and the diagnosis antisocial personality.
AB  - The MMPI and a structured diagnostic interview were administered to 225 military
      offenders in an attempt to determine the relationship between Scale 4 (Pd) of the
      MMPI and a behavioral diagnosis of Antisocial Personality (AS). Individuals
      satisfying criteria for a diagnosis of AS were found to score significantly
      higher than inmates not satisfying these criteria on Scale 4, regardless of
      whether K- or non-K-corrected T scores were used. Several potential moderating
      variables were crossed with the AS measure but only confining offense (person
      crime vs nonperson crime) evidenced a statistically significant interaction with
      AS.

PMID- 4067794
TI  - Interpretation of moderately elevated MMPI scores for normal subjects.
AB  - Two opposing views concerning the interpretation of moderately elevated MMPI
      scores of normal subjects have appeared in the literature. Whereas some authors
      have suggested that such scores indicate negative characteristics less severe
      than those suggested by more extremely elevated scores for psychiatric patients,
      other authors have suggested that such scores may be indicative of more positive
      characteristics. The present study attempted to determine the relative validity
      of these two opposing views. Correlates of MMPI clinical scales were determined
      for 101 male and 101 female college students who had no clinical T-score greater
      than 75. Subjects described themselves using the Adjective Check List (ACL), and
      they were also described by peers using the ACL. Point-biserial correlations
      between MMPI scores and self and peer endorsements on the ACL were computed. For
      both self and peer data more significant correlations were found than expected by
      chance. Most of the correlates involved negative characteristics, offering some
      support for the interpretive approach based on an attenuation of negative
      descriptors derived for psychiatric patient samples.

PMID- 4067795
TI  - Age and gender differences in and personality correlates of loneliness in
      different relationships.
AB  - This study examined age and gender differences in and personality correlates of
      loneliness in different relationships. Loneliness was measured in three groups of
      subjects (college men, college women, and elderly women) with the Differential
      Loneliness Scale which assesses dissatisfaction with four types of relationships
      (Family, Larger Groups, Friendships, and Romantic/Sexual). Age and gender
      differences were significant. Compared to elderly women, college women expressed
      more dissatisfaction with their Family and Large Group relationships. Compared to
      college women, elderly women expressed more dissatisfaction with their
      Friendships and Romantic/Sexual relationships. With regard to gender differences,
      college men expressed more dissatisfaction with Family, Large Group, and
      Friendship relationships than college women. For each subject group,
      dissatisfaction scores were correlated with health status, locus of control,
      social support, depression, and self-consciousness. Correlations varied with type
      of relationship as well as with age and gender. The group differences and the
      varying patterns of correlations support the use of a multidimensional approach
      to the study of loneliness. Results are discussed in terms of previous research
      and future investigations.

PMID- 4067796
TI  - Personality characteristics of young adult migraineurs.
AB  - Young adults with migraine headaches and nonmigraineurs were compared by means of
      two questionnaire batteries (the 16 P-F and PRF) and sets of specific measures
      focused on stimulation-seeking and independence. A number of low correlations
      were obtained but overall, results tend to contradict the existence of a
      "migraine personality" as a measureable entity.

PMID- 4067797
TI  - Refining personality assessments by combining MCMI high point profiles and MMPI
      codes. Part II. MMPI code 27/72.
AB  - The relationship between the MMPI 27/72 code type and MCMI high point codes is
      examined for 228 psychiatric patients. MCMI high point codes that correspond
      highly with MMPI 27/72 code enable the clinician to identify three discrete
      personality subgroups entitled: Fearfully Dependent, Conforming-Dependent, and
      Ambivalently Dependent. The central features of each of these groups are
      described, and their clinical characteristics used as a basis for differentiating
      ambiguities and contradictory interpretations commonly given the MMPI 27/72 code
      type.

PMID- 4067798
TI  - Refining personality assessments by combining MCMI high point profiles and MCMI
      codes. Part III. MMPI code 24/42.
AB  - In this study it has been shown that the addition of MCMI high point code data to
      the MMPI 24/42 code type serves to clarify contradictory MMPI descriptors and
      produces three distinct clusters. These MMPI/MCMI clusters comprise an
      interpersonally acting-out group, an interpersonally acting-in group, and an
      emotionally acting-out group. These groups were useful in determining different
      roles for the MMPI 2 and 4 scales insofar as they relate to both personality
      (Axis II) and its clinical consequences (Axis I). The results of this study also
      lend support to the utility of combining objective assessment instruments both
      for identifying and for discriminating among relevant personality disorders and
      clinical syndromes.

PMID- 4067799
TI  - The reliability of Rorschach variables for inpatients presenting symptoms of
      depression and/or helplessness.
AB  - Fifty newly admitted patients presenting symptoms of depression and/or
      helplessness were recruited to participate in a study concerning depression and
      randomized into two groups. Rorschachs were administered shortly after admission
      and then three or four days later. The subjects in the experimental group were
      instructed to give responses different than they had in the first test.
      Approximately two-thirds of the responses given by the experimental group in test
      2 were different from those in test 1, whereas the control subjects repeated 66%
      of their test 1 answers in test 2. Retest correlations for 28 variables critical
      to interpretation show that the two groups differed significantly for four. The
      retest correlations for four of five variables often used as indices of
      depressive features were significantly high for both groups. Unusual findings are
      noted in the retest correlations for FM and m for the Control group and questions
      are raised concerning the modest retest correlations for CF and C + Cn versus the
      more commonplace summation of CF + C.

PMID- 4067800
TI  - An analysis of anxiety and depression scales.
AB  - The relationship between the constructs of anxiety and depression are examined
      through the administration of nine self-report scales to male and female
      undergraduates. The results showed strong correlations among all measures, and
      factor analyses revealed one major "psychological distress" factor for each sex.
      No sex differences were found on the measure employed. The discussion focused on
      the implications of the findings for research in the areas of anxiety and
      depression, and further research that is required.

PMID- 4067801
TI  - The JAS-T and type A in students: a replication note.
AB  - The researcher identified 36 Type A (18 males, 18 females) and 36 Type B (18
      males, 18 females) students using the Jenkins Activity Survey-Student Form (JAS
      T). Subjects represented the upper and lower thirds of 54 males and 54 females
      who were tested. Self-reports of cumulative grade point average (GPA), desired
      GPA, and hours in extracurricular activities were also obtained. Type A students
      reported desiring and achieving significantly higher GPAs than Type Bs (p less
      than .05), replicating earlier findings. However, male, but not female, Type As
      reported spending significantly more time in extracurricular activities than Type
      Bs (p less than .05). These results represent further indication that women may
      manifest Type A status somewhat differently from men.

PMID- 4067802
TI  - Personality test reliability: correlates for older subjects.
AB  - This study reports the findings of an investigation of psychological and social
      factors related to test-retest stability and change in scores on the Eysenck
      Personality Inventory given to 167 older men and women. Higher reliability
      coefficients on the Eysenck were associated with better scores on a measure of
      well being and higher levels of education.

PMID- 4067803
TI  - An objection to Owens' article on incest victims.
AB  - The use of Rorschach data for research purposes is growing and careful attention
      to accuracy needs to be maintained. A comment on a recent article's use of the
      lack of reflection responses to indicate poor self-esteem for incest victims is
      offered.

PMID- 4067804
TI  - Detection of conscious deception using the Child Abuse Potential Inventory lie
      scale.
AB  - Two studies were conducted to provide data on the construct validity of the Child
      Abuse Potential Inventory lie scale. In Study One, 187 male and female
      undergraduate students were administered either the Child Abuse Potential
      Inventory, the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, or the Unlikely Virtues
      Scale. Three instructional sets were provided: respond honestly, distort
      responses in a positive manner, and distort responses in a negative manner. Each
      scale successfully discriminated between subjects in the honest and faking good
      conditions. Only the Marlowe-Crowne scale discriminated subjects in the faking
      bad condition through their low scores. No gender differences were observed as a
      function of instructional set or test employed. In Study Two, 31 male and female
      parents were given the CAP-Inventory under the same instructional sets provided
      in Study One. The findings for the parent group, the population the CAP-Inventory
      was designed to be employed with, replicated the results found in Study One.

PMID- 4067805
TI  - An examination of the relationship between personality patterns and symptom/mood
      patterns.
AB  - Relationships between various personality styles measured by the basic and
      pathological personality scales of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory
      (MCMI) and mood or symptom states measured by the Profile of Mood State scales
      were examined. The MCMI personality scale-POMS symptom/mood scale relationships
      found in this study are compared with MCMI personality scale-MMPI and SCL-90
      symptom/mood scale relationships reported in the MCMI manual. Consistent
      associations of moderate strength were found between: (a) the MCMI Compulsive
      Conforming and Passive-Aggressive (Negativistic) scales (negative and positive
      associations, respectively) and various measures of depression, anxiety and
      hostility; (b) the MCMI Avoidant, Schizotypal and Borderline-Cycloid scales and
      various measures of depression and anxiety; (c) the MCMI Schizoid-Asocial scale
      and various measures of depression; and (d) the Histrionic-Gregarious scale and
      various measures of high energy-activity. These MCMI personality scale
      symptom/mood scale relationships are generally consistent both with the
      underlying theory of personality and psychopathology upon which the MCMI is based
      and with the personality-symptom scale relationships found within the MCMI.

PMID- 4067806
TI  - [The effect of sterilization by ethylene oxide on residual amounts of
      chlorohydrin and ethylene glycol in medical devices made of PVC, previously
      irradiated by cobalt 60].

PMID- 4067807
TI  - Stability study of idoxuridine in gels by very high speed liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4067808
TI  - [Application of new technology for effervescent tablets to different active
      principles].

PMID- 4067809
TI  - Application of derivative-differential UV spectrophotometry for the determination
      of oxazepam or phenobarbitone in the presence of dipyridamole.

PMID- 4067810
TI  - [Description, identification and utilization of yumel (bark of Guatteria gaumeri
      Greenman)].

PMID- 4067811
TI  - [Control of the mutagenic properties of pharmaceutical products].

PMID- 4067812
TI  - Imino acid and related alicyclic amine levels in biological fluids.
AB  - Imino acid and related alicyclic amine concentrations in blood and urine of
      mammals including humans were concurrently determined by a selected ion
      monitoring technique. Nanomole levels of proline and pipecolic acid, and
      pyrrolidine and piperidine as well, were found in human urine. Proline levels but
      not pipecolic acid levels were higher in blood of humans than in urine.
      Pyrrolidine and piperidine levels in blood of humans were picomole levels and
      much lower than those in urine. Similar tendencies were also recognized when
      these 4 compounds were analyzed using animal blood and urine, although the levels
      were generally higher in animals than in humans. Significantly high
      concentrations of the imino acids and the amines were found also in animal semen.

PMID- 4067813
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of nipradilol (K-351), a new antihypertensive agent. II.
      Influence of the route of administration on bioavailability in dogs.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic parameters of nipradilol (NIP), a new potent antihypertensive
      and antianginal agent, and propranolol were determined after oral, intravenous
      and intraportal administration to the beagle dog implanted with cannula in portal
      vein at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Orally administered NIP underwent extensive first-pass
      metabolism leading to low bioavailability (11%), despite of complete
      gastrointestinal absorption. On the constant infusion for 30 min into the portal
      vein, hepatic extraction ratio was 0.71. The reduction in the systemic
      availability of orally administered NIP could partly be attributed to the fact
      that denitration and glucuronidation of NIP occur primarily in the intestinal
      tract and liver, respectively. Following oral administration of NIP, smaller
      amount of unchanged drug (1.9%) was excreted into the urine than that of
      intravenous administration (5.8%). However, in the qualitative and the
      quantitative aspects on urinary metabolic patterns, there was no appreciable
      influence of the route of administration. On the other hand, the systemic
      availability and the hepatic extraction ratio of propranolol were 11% and 0.86,
      respectively, suggesting that the first-pass metabolism through the liver
      actually contributes to the reduced availability.

PMID- 4067814
TI  - Hypolipidemic effects of dietary 7-oxo-24,25-dihydrolanosterol.
AB  - 7-Oxo-24,25-dihydrolanosterol (7-oxo-DHL), an inhibitor of cholesterol
      biosynthesis from lanosterol in vitro, lowered the serum total-cholesterol and
      triglyceride at a level of 0.1% in a diet on male Wistar rats. This effect was
      slightly lower than that of clofibrate (CF) which was examined as a reference.
      Further, the reduction in serum total-cholesterol levels were associated with a
      slight reduction in the levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol,
      resulting in a decrease in the atherogenic index. The rate of decrease of liver
      total-cholesterol by 7-oxo-DHL was higher than that of CF soon after taking off
      the diet. Although CF produced a marked increase of liver size, no significant
      increase was observed in the rats fed with 7-oxo-DHL. The effects of 7-oxo-DHL in
      the rats fed with 3% cholesterol in a diet were examined and compared with that
      of control. These results strongly suggest that 7-oxo-DHL is considerably
      hypolipidemic in rats.

PMID- 4067815
TI  - Attenuation of aspirin analgesia by calcium loading in healthy subjects.
AB  - To clarify the mechanism of aspirin analgesia, the relationship among analgesic
      and hypocalcemic effects and pharmacokinetics of aspirin was investigated in 20
      healthy subjects at 20-23 years old. Four experimental groups were made, that is,
      (1) aspirin 1.0 g, (2) aspirin 1.0 g + calcium gluconate 1.5 g X 2, (3) calcium
      gluconate 1.5 g X 2, (4) control (placebo). Calcium gluconate was administered
      orally twice, that is, 30 and 90 min after oral administration of aspirin. The
      experiments were carried out under a double blind method. As an analgesic test,
      the ultrasonic method was used. Aspirin (1.0 g) caused a significant analgesia,
      the effect reaching the maximum at 90 min and prolonging for about 3 h.
      Simultaneously, plasma calcium level significantly decreased and kept going down,
      at least, until 180 min after administration of aspirin. However, when calcium
      gluconate was loaded at 30 and 90 min after administration of aspirin, both the
      analgesic and hypocalcemic effects of aspirin were significantly inhibited. The
      plasma aspirin concentration reached a maximum 30-60 min after administration of
      aspirin in both groups: aspirin alone and aspirin with calcium gluconate. On the
      other hand, plasma salicylic acid concentration kept increasing up to 180 min
      after administration of aspirin in either group. The plasma aspirin and salicylic
      acid levels in both groups were similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4067816
TI  - Characteristic of antinociceptive effect of a tetrapeptide, Asn-Ala-Gly-Ala
      (NAGA).
AB  - The characteristic of the antinociceptive effect of a tetrapeptide, Asn-Ala-Gly
      Ala (NAGA), was examined. Intracisternal (i.cist.) administration of NAGA to mice
      produced dose-dependent and long-lasting antinociceptive effect as evaluated by
      the hot plate and tail flick methods. NAGA-induced antinociception was reversed
      by naloxone (2 mg/kg), reserpine (2 mg/kg X 2 d) and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (100
      mg/kg). NAGA (10 microM) did not significantly affect the actions of opioid
      peptides on the electrically evoked twitches of the myenteric plexus-longitudinal
      muscle strips from the guinea-pig esophagus and strips of the mouse vas deferens.
      NAGA-induced antinociception was scarcely affected by p-chlorophenylalanine
      (PCPA, 300 mg/kg X 2 d) and methysergide (2 mg/kg). From the above results, it
      was suggested that the antinociceptive effect of NAGA may involve the
      participation of endogenous opioid peptides and endogenous catecholamines.

PMID- 4067817
TI  - Intestinal absorption and metabolism of norcholic acid in rats.
AB  - Intestinal absorption and hepatic and intestinal bacterial biotransformations of
      norcholic acid, the C23 homologue of cholic acid, were studied in the rats.
      Norcholic acid, like cholic acid, was efficiently absorbed from the intestine and
      quickly secreted into the bile. Unlike the C24 bile acid, however, which is
      secreted by rat liver as its taurine conjugate, the C23 bile acid appeared in the
      bile predominantly as the unconjugated form. conjugated form. Bacterial
      modification of norcholic acid was similar to but less extensive than that of
      cholic acid. A considerable part of norcholic acid was left unchanged during its
      passage through the intestinal tract. A major bacterial metabolite of norcholic
      acid was the 7-dehydrogenation product, 7-ketonordeoxycholic acid, rather than
      the 7-dehydroxylation product, nordeoxycholic acid, though the reverse is true
      for cholic acid.

PMID- 4067818
TI  - Accumulation, excretion and effects on hepatic enzymes of polychlorinated
      quaterphenyl congeners in rats.
AB  - Six skeletal congeners of polychlorinated quaterphenyls (PCQs), namely
      polychlorinated o-quaterphenyl (2,2'-PCQ), 2,3'-diphenylbiphenyl (2,3'-PCQ), 2,4'
      diphenylbiphenyl (2,4'-PCQ), m-quaterphenyl (3,3'-PCQ), 3,4'-diphenylbiphenyl
      (3,4'-PCQ) and p-quaterphenyl (4,4'-PCQ), were orally administered to Wistar rats
      at a dose of 10 mg/rat. On the 5th day after administration of PCQs, the rats
      were examined for accumulation of PCQ congeners, hepatic enzyme activities and
      organ weight changes. Accumulation of 3,3'-PCQ, 3,4'-PCQ and 4,4'-PCQ were 1.5
      3.2% of dose in the liver, while those of 2,2'-PCQ, 2,3'-PCQ and 2,4'-PCQ were
      only 0.1 to 0.2%. The amount of 4,4'-PCQ accumulated in the mesenteric adipose
      tissue, 20 micrograms/rat, was much higher than those of other PCQ congeners.
      Large amounts of the PCQ congeners administered were excreted in the feces on the
      first day, accounting for 96 to 98% of dose for 2,2'-PCQ and 4,4'-PCQ, and 55 to
      75% for the other PCQ congeners, and the daily excretions of PCQs after the
      second day were very small, less than 10% of the dose. Benzo [a] pyrene 3
      hydroxylase activity was significantly depressed by the treatment with 3,3'-PCQ,
      3,4'-PCQ and 4,4'-PCQ, contrasting to the toxic congeners of polychlorinated
      biphenyls and dibenzofurans which enhanced markedly this enzyme activity. DT
      Diaphorase activity was also depressed by the treatment with 2,3'-PCQ, 2,4'-PCQ
      and 3,4'-PCQ. Significant atrophy of the thymus was observed by the treatment
      with 4,4'-PCQ.

PMID- 4067819
TI  - Differences in effects on drug absorption between dihydroxy and trihydroxy bile
      salts.
AB  - The effect of a dihydroxy bile salt, sodium taurodeoxycholate (STDC), on drug
      absorption from rat small intestine was investigated in comparison with that of
      trihydroxy one, sodium cholate (STC). The enhancement or inhibitory effects on
      the absorption of various model drugs by STDC bore similar tendency to those by
      STC, and the magnitude was greater than the latter. The absorption of
      sulfaguanidine was enhanced by STDC, which solubilized the phospholipids from the
      mucosal barrier membrane in addition to the STC-like, or
      ethylenediaminetetraacetate-like action. STDC inhibited the absorption of
      sulfadimethoxine contrary to the insignificant effect by STC. The direct action
      of STDC on the mucosal membrane reduced the absorption in addition to the
      physicochemical action, such as micellar complex formation. Quinine absorption
      was inhibited in the presence of STDC, which can be explained by the micellar
      complex formation. Possible mechanisms of the differences in the effect of STDC
      and STC were discussed in relation to their micellar properties.

PMID- 4067820
TI  - [Syntheses and antimicrobial activities of cis-1-[2-phenyl-4-(phenoxy or
      phenylthio)methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazole derivatives].

PMID- 4067821
TI  - [Effects of medicinal plant extracts on sialidase activity].

PMID- 4067822
TI  - [Application of the Ti(IV)-4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol reagent to the
      determination of hydrogen peroxide and sulfite as food additives].

PMID- 4067823
TI  - [Crystallinity changes of alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins by grinding].

PMID- 4067824
TI  - [Dissolution mechanism of solid dispersions of nifedipine with enteric coating
      agents].

PMID- 4067825
TI  - [A simple method for measuring blood concentrations of protein-unbound and total
      salicylic acid].

PMID- 4067826
TI  - [Separation of a nucleic acid fraction with inhibitory activity on rat gastric
      juice secretion from Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba].

PMID- 4067827
TI  - [Prediction of plasma concentrations of seven barbiturates from in vitro
      parameters].

PMID- 4067828
TI  - Toxicity of chlorine dioxide in drinking water.
AB  - Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is currently being considered as an alternate to chlorine
      as a disinfectant for public water supplies. Studies were conducted to determine
      the toxicity of ClO2 (0, 1, 10, 100, 1000 mg/l) and its metabolites, ClO3- and
      ClO3- (10, 100 mg/l) in drinking water in rats. After nine months treatment the
      osmotic fragility of the red blood cells was decreased in all treatment groups,
      while a decreased blood glutathione was only observed in the metabolite groups.
      At 2, 4 and 6 mon no significant hematologic changes were noted in treated rats
      compared to control. However, after 9 mon RBC counts, hematocrit and hemoglobin
      were decreased in all treatment groups. ClO2, ClO2- and ClO3- administered
      chronically in drinking water for three months inhibited the incorporation of 3H
      thymidine into nuclei of rat testes. Also, this inhibition was observed in the
      liver of ClO2- groups and in the kidney of 100 mg/l ClO2- treatment. The
      incorporation in small intestinal nuclei was increased in both 10 and 100 mg/l
      ClO2 and in 10 mg/l ClO2-. The treatment with Cl-compounds decreased rat body
      weight in all groups after 10 and 11 months treatment.

PMID- 4067829
TI  - Ultrastructure of the thyroid glands of rats fed photomirex: a 48-week recovery
      study.
AB  - The thyroid glands of rats that received photomirex (0.05, 0.5, 5 or 50 ppm) or
      mirex (5 or 50 ppm) in the diet for 28 days and were then kept on clean feed for
      48 weeks were examined by an electron microscope. A dose of 0.05 or 0.5 ppm
      photomirex produced cytoplasmic vacuolation in the principal follicular cells;
      the cells were taller than the cuboidal follicular cells found in the glands of
      animals from the control group. An extensive accumulation of deformed lysosomal
      bodies, a reduction in the number of apical vesicles and a mild dilatation of
      rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (RER) cisternae were the features of
      columnar follicular cells at the 5 ppm photomirex level. In the animals receiving
      50 ppm photomirex the follicular cells had more severe alterations, including a
      marked dilatation of RER profiles, compared to those in the preceding groups. The
      cells from rats ingesting 5 ppm mirex were least affected and had only a mild
      dilatation of RER elements, and some cytoplasmic vacuolation. The follicular
      cells of animals fed 50 ppm mirex showed variable morphology; some of these cells
      had an increased number of colloid droplets and lacked the lamellar arrays of
      RER; others contained vacuoles or somewhat dilated RER profiles. The present
      results indicate that following the ingestion of photomirex (0.05-50 ppm) or
      mirex (50 ppm) for 28 days, alterations in the rat thyroids persist for at least
      one year.

PMID- 4067830
TI  - Urinary bladder neoplasms induced in BALB/c female mice with low doses of 2
      acetylaminofluorene.
AB  - Large numbers of female BALB/c mice were exposed to low levels of 2
      acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) in the diet. The dose response for urinary bladder
      neoplasms exhibited a shallow trend to low doses which increased sharply at the
      higher doses. The dose response over the entire dosage range gave the impression
      of a "threshold" type response below the mid-doses. Since the tumor incidence at
      the lower doses was less than 1.0 percent, relatively few urinary bladder tumors
      occurred. Thus, it was deemed advisable to re-examine noninvasive or early
      invasive bladder carcinomas and to study the dose response for only the
      "unequivocal" urinary bladder tumors. Examination of the dose response curves for
      "unequivocal" urinary bladder tumors showed a positive trend over the low end of
      the dose range. As a further check, an analysis was conducted on only invasive or
      metastasizing bladder carcinomas. In this case, there was no significant low dose
      trend. Thus, the shape of the low dose response curve for bladder carcinomas
      remains uncertain.

PMID- 4067831
TI  - Aluminum binding to organic acids and plasma proteins. Implications for dialysis
      encephalopathy.

PMID- 4067832
TI  - The reduction of aluminum intake in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 4067833
TI  - Effects of aluminum hydroxide on fluoride and calcium metabolism.
AB  - In order to determine whether and to what extent aluminum affects the absorption
      of fluoride in man, a study of the effect of aluminum hydroxide on fluoride
      metabolism was carried out under strictly controlled dietary conditions.
      Relatively small amounts of aluminum hydroxide were used: 30 ml given three times
      daily, containing a total of 1.8 gm aluminum. Fluoride and calcium balances were
      determined in control studies and during the intake of aluminum hydroxide. The
      fluoride intake of approximately 4 mg/day was due to the fluoride content of the
      diet and the drinking water. A study was also carried out in patients with
      osteoporosis who received a high fluoride intake of approximately 50 mg/day of
      sodium fluoride therapeutically for osteoporosis. The intake of aluminum
      hydroxide was associated with a significant increase of the fecal fluoride and
      with a significant decrease of the net absorption of fluoride, by an average of
      57%, irrespective of the intake of fluoride. The-plasma fluoride levels decreased
      by 41%. The fluoride balances were either negative or less positive. Relatively
      small amounts of aluminum hydroxide resulted in phosphorus depletion, in an
      increase of the urinary calcium, and in negative calcium balances.

PMID- 4067834
TI  - Short term malathion ingestion and blood clotting in the rat.
AB  - Female rats were exposed to a drinking solution containing either 650 or 1950
      parts per million (ppm) of the organophosphate insecticide malathion for 14 days.
      Plasma samples were assayed for prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin
      time (APTT), hematocrit (HCT), platelet count (PLT) and clot activation time for
      fibrinogen and coagulation factors, II, V, VII, VIII, X, and XII. Significant
      changes following 650 ppm malathion were noted for the fibrinogen, factors VII
      and XII. Drinking 1950 ppm malathion causes significant differences in factors
      II, VII, X and XII. The data strongly suggest that in the rat, malathion
      ingestion has a potent effect on blood coagulation.

PMID- 4067835
TI  - The utility of changes in cardiac weight as an index of drug-induced
      cardiotoxicity.
AB  - The effects of toxic doses of various drugs and of food or water deprivation upon
      heart weights of mice were evaluated over a four day period to test the validity
      of the hypothesis that changes in cardiac weights are indicators of
      cardiotoxicity. Drugs included in the study were actinomycin-D, methotrexate, 5
      fluorouracil, adriamycin, daunomycin, N-dimethyladriamycin, N
      trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate, isoproterenol, atropine, and
      acetylsalicylic acid. Additional groups of mice served as vehicle controls, or
      were deprived of food or water for the duration of the experiment to control for
      the anorexia and dehydration accompanying treatment with antineoplastic drugs.
      Body weights were taken at the start of the experiment (day 0), day 2, and day 4
      (just prior to sacrifice). Heart ventricle wet weights were determined
      immediately, and dry weights after thorough desiccation of the samples.
      Statistical evaluation of the weights revealed that there were no ventricular
      weight changes unique to any particular drug, and that decreases in heart weights
      correlated well with decreases in body weights, thereby reflecting the general
      toxicities of the drugs, including inanition, and not any specific
      cardiotoxicities.

PMID- 4067836
TI  - Cyanide, protein and iodine interaction in the performance and metabolism of
      rats.
AB  - Performance and metabolic traits were measured in sixty-four growing rats fed on
      varying levels of dietary cyanide, protein and iodine. The presence of cyanide in
      the diets caused a non-significant reduction in both feed consumption and growth
      rate. Moreover, on protein deficient diets, the lowest body weight gain was
      obtained in the animals with 750 ppm cyanide. Iodine deficiency did not have any
      marked influence on performance. Dietary cyanide significantly increased serum
      and urinary thiocyanate concentration while iodine deficiency caused significant
      reductions in serum protein bound iodine (PBI). Interactions of protein
      deficiency and dietary cyanide also significantly reduced serum thiocyanate
      concentrations, while interactions of the three dietary variables significantly
      reduced kidney protein content.

PMID- 4067837
TI  - Reproductive capacities of control bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) during
      one-generation reproduction studies.
AB  - The Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) is the avian model of choice for testing
      the reproductive impairment potential of pesticides and environmental
      contaminants. While the literature contains numerous reports on the effects of
      pesticides on eggshell development for quail, mallards and other avian species
      (Haegele and Tucker, 1974; Kolaja, 1977; Jenkins et al., 1974) limited control
      data for reproductive evaluation of pesticides can be found. This paper
      summarizes the control data from three one-generation reproductive studies in
      Bobwhite quail. One male and two female adult quail were housed in clean pens
      with tap water and game bird breeder ration available ad libitum. The pre-laying
      cycle was ten weeks in duration. The photoperiod was seven hours of light per day
      for the first eight weeks and was increased to 17 hours of light per day in order
      to induce egg laying. Eggs were collected daily for eight weeks and incubated.
      Biweekly, one egg from each pen was removed and used for determination of
      eggshell thickness. The mean reproductive indices for these studies are: Eggs
      cracked/Eggs laid--8.2%, Viable 11-day embryos/Eggs set--73.6%, Viable 21-day
      embryos/Viable 14-day embryos--98.9%, Hatchlings/Viable 21-day embryos--82.0%, 14
      day survivors/Hatchlings--76.3%. The mean eggshell thickness for 144 eggs was
      0.301 mm.

PMID- 4067838
TI  - Aluminum-fluoride complexes: preclinical studies.

PMID- 4067839
TI  - The kinetics of chlorite and chlorate in rats.
AB  - Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is under consideration as an alternative to chlorination
      as a disinfectant for public water supplies. The primary products resulting from
      ClO2 disinfection of surface waters are chlorite (ClO2-) and chlorates (ClO3-).
      The kinetics of 36ClO2- and 36ClO3- was studied in rats. Radioactivity was
      rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract following the administration of
      (0.17 microCi) 36ClO2- or (0.85 microCi) 36ClO3- orally; and 36Cl in plasma
      reached a peak at 2 hr and 1 hr, respectively. After 72 hr, radioactivity was
      highest in whole blood, followed by packed cells, plasma, stomach, testes, skin,
      lung, kidney, duodenum, carcass, spleen, ileum, brain, bone marrow and liver in
      36ClO2- treatment. 36Cl excretion was greatest at 24 hr after the administration
      of 36ClO3-, but in the 36ClO2-, the excretion most likely represented saturation
      of the biotransformation and excretion pathways. About 40% of the total initial
      dose was excreted at 72 hr in the urine and feces in both treatments. No 36Cl was
      detected in expired air throughout the 72 hr studied.

PMID- 4067840
TI  - Incidence of experimental fascioliasis on hepatic disposition of [3H]tetracycline
      and [14C]rafoxanide in rats.
AB  - [7-3H]Tetracycline and [carbonyl-14C]rafoxanide were injected intravenously into
      anesthetized controls and rats in which experimental fascioliasis had been
      induced by 20 Fasciola hepatica metacercariae. The biliary excretion (1 and 3 h,
      respectively) of the radioactivity consisted of approximately 4% of the
      administered dose. In 4-week infested rats, biliary excretion of [3H]tetracycline
      and hepatic levels of radioactivity were decreased, whereas bile flow did not
      vary and plasma clearance of the antibiotic was significantly decreased in
      comparison with control animals. These differences could be the result of the
      fascioliasis-induced decrease in the hepatic uptake of tetracycline and the
      limited active transport for its output into bile canaliculi. No change in
      [14C]rafoxanide disposition was shown in infested rats.

PMID- 4067841
TI  - Determination of gallium concentration in "blood-free" tissues using a
      radiolabeled blood marker.
AB  - Radioiodinated serum albumin has been used as a blood marker to define and
      quantitate physiological volumes for 12 organs and tissue types. The
      concentration of gallium-67 in "blood-free" tissues of rats was also determined
      at various times after intravenous administration. Tissues were divided into two
      kinetically distinguishable types based on reported nonuniform distribution of
      the blood marker and the gallium distribution observed in the present study.
      Gallium distribution into the liver and spleen was observed to be slow, with a
      discernable accumulation phase followed by monoexponential elimination. In
      contrast, gallium accumulation into the stomach, small and large intestines,
      heart, lung, skin/adipose tissue, and muscle was rapid and elimination was
      monophasic.

PMID- 4067842
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of pulmonary metabolites of Leu-
      and Met-enkephalins in isolated perfused rat lung.
AB  - A high-performance liquid radiochromatographic analytical system has been
      developed which allows the determination of [3H]Leuenkephalin, [3H]Met-enkephalin
      and their potential metabolites [3H]TyrGlyGlyPhe, [3H]TyrGlyGly, [3H]TyrGly and
      [3H]tyrosine. Using this procedure, the biotransformation of each of the above
      enkephalins after 20 min of recirculating transit through isolated perfused rat
      lungs resulted in the formation of two major metabolites: tyrosine and TyrGlyGly
      in each case. The results indicate that significant metabolism of enkephalins may
      occur in the pulmonary circulation.

PMID- 4067843
TI  - Pharmacokinetic interpretation of the plasma levels of clonidine following
      transdermal delivery.

PMID- 4067844
TI  - Developments in the concentration ratio method.

PMID- 4067845
TI  - Lymphatic transport of liposome-encapsulated agents: effects of liposome size
      following intraperitoneal administration.
AB  - Liposomal encapsulation can limit passage of a drug from a peritoneal
      administration site to blood, while enhancing lymphatic transport. We evaluated
      the effects of liposome size on lymphatic transport after intraperitoneal
      administration. Liposomes tested had mean diameters of either 0.72, 0.46, 0.17,
      or 0.048 micron and identical compositions. [14C]Sucrose was the aqueous space
      marker (model drug). Doses were given to thoracic-duct-cannulated rats. The
      subsequent 0-5 h time-course of carbon-14 was quantified in thoracic lymph,
      several lymph nodes, blood, and urine. Calibration studies indicated a maximum of
      approximately 30% of the absorbed dose could be collected in thoracic lymph.
      Carbon-14 levels in the various nodes covered a 1000-fold range, and relatively
      high levels were observed in the left mediastinal, parathymic, cisternal, and
      renal lymph nodes. Liposome stability in vivo and in vitro increased with
      decreasing size. Absorption from the peritoneal cavity was independent of size.
      The smallest liposomes were collected in lymph with little lymph node retention.
      The largest liposomes were retained most by lymph nodes, and would be the best
      prototypical carrier of the group if increased therapeutic availability within
      both lymph and lymph nodes is desired. The results implicate other, unexplored
      physical and physiological variables as potentially of equal importance.

PMID- 4067846
TI  - Multiple-hole approach to zero-order release.
AB  - We describe an approach to zero-order drug delivery systems that utilizes a
      device consisting of multiple holes uniformly distributed in an impermeable
      membrane. The interior of the device is filled with a suspension of a drug in a
      polymeric matrix. Near zero-order release is attained by using the proper density
      and configuration of holes on the surface of the device.

PMID- 4067847
TI  - Interspecies correlation of the pharmacokinetics of erythromycin, oleandomycin,
      and tylosin.
AB  - Knowledge of the disposition of macrolides in a single animal species has been
      insufficient for the prediction of the pharmacokinetics of macrolides in humans.
      To better understand the species differences in the pharmacokinetics of macrolide
      antibiotics, the disposition of erythromycin, oleandomycin, and tylosin in
      several mammalian species was examined. Generally, the serum concentration versus
      time profiles of these drugs after intravenous administration were described by
      two-compartment kinetic models and were similar within each species. These drugs
      were rapidly cleared, resulting in terminal half-lives of less than 2 h.
      Comparison of their pharmacokinetics showed greater variation in antibiotic
      disposition among animal species than noted for the differences within a species.
      When the pharmacokinetic data was fitted to an allometric model, the logarithms
      of volume of distribution, clearance, and half-life were linearly related to the
      logarithms of body weight. From these relationships, the human pharmacokinetics
      of erythromycin and oleandomycin were extrapolated and found to approximate
      observed human pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 4067848
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of tiaprofenic acid in healthy and arthritic subjects.
AB  - Disposition kinetics of nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory tiaprofenic acid (1) and
      its metabolites were studied in healthy subjects and arthritic patients under
      treatment with 200 mg of the drug three times daily. The concentration of the
      drug and its metabolites were measured using a sensitive and specific HPLC
      method. The pharmacokinetics of tiaprofenic acid in arthritic patients seems to
      be similar to those in healthy subjects. The drug is rapidly absorbed,
      extensively bound to plasma proteins and, upon repeated administration, is
      accumulated in the body only to a limited extent. While only unchanged drug was
      found in plasma, a negligible amount of the unchanged drug was recovered from
      urine. The major pathway of drug elimination seems to be through conjugation. The
      reduced and oxidized metabolites of 1, 2 and 3, respectively also are found in
      urine as conjugates. The conjugates are, however, relatively unstable and are
      readily hydrolyzed to their parent compounds upon storage or addition of alkali.
      As elimination of the drug is dependent upon urinary excretion of the conjugates,
      it may be influenced by reduced renal function or the presence of other drugs.

PMID- 4067849
TI  - Effect of nonionic surfactants on aqueous primidone suspensions.
AB  - The following interactions between the soluble surfactant, octoxynol 9, and the
      very slightly soluble, finely powdered drug, primidone, in aqueous suspension
      were investigated: adsorption/desorption of the surfactant, micellar
      solubilization of the drug, and deflocculation of its particles. The last effect,
      measured by the sedimentation volume of the suspensions, was also investigated
      for other octoxynols. The adsorption of octoxynol 9 on solid primidone was
      proportional to the equilibrium surfactant concentration up to the critical
      micelle concentration. It leveled off at higher concentrations, reaching
      saturation at completion of a close-packed surfactant monolayer. The adsorption
      was essentially completely reversible. The solubility of primidone in water was
      very slight; its micellar solubilization was even less extensive. The
      sedimentation volume of primidone suspensions decreased with increasing
      equilibrium concentration of octoxynol 9 and began to level off at the critical
      micelle concentration of 0.018%. At about twice that concentration, the
      sedimentation volume became almost constant, but reached its lowest value only at
      less than or equal to 0.5%. Slow rotation of suspensions prior to sedimentation
      promoted flocculation and higher sedimentation volumes between 0.01 and 0.03%
      octoxynol 9. Octoxynols with higher hydrophilic-lipophilic balance than octoxynol
      9 produced considerably larger sedimentation volumes at comparable
      concentrations, due to a lower surface activity and a lesser tendency to adsorb
      on primidone.

PMID- 4067850
TI  - Characterization of drug loading in crospovidone by X-ray photoelectron
      spectroscopy.
AB  - The mechanism of drug loading in cross-linked polymers was studied by X-ray
      photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This gave the atomic composition of the surface
      layers of the loaded polymeric particles so that the exact location of the drug
      molecules could be identified. Three different lots of popcorn crospovidone and a
      chemically cross-linked povidone were loaded by solvent swelling, with
      griseofulvin chosen as the drug model. The resulting drug-polymer systems were
      characterized by XPS, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry,
      and electron scanning microscopy. The XPS technique was found to give interesting
      information on the griseofulvin distribution in the polymeric particles.

PMID- 4067851
TI  - Attempts to use cyanide ion to trap imine intermediates in the microsomal N
      dealkylation of propranolol: formation of alpha-aminonitriles as artifacts when
      using ether for extraction.
AB  - Cyanide anion was used to attempt to trap possible imine intermediates in the
      oxidative N-dealkylation of propranolol (1). Reaction of 3-(1-naphthoxy)-1-amino
      2-propanol (desisopropylpropranolol, 2) with acetone provided this expected
      intermediate in an approximately 7:1 ratio of oxazolidine 6 to imine 5, as
      determined by 1H NMR. The mixture when treated with sodium cyanide gave the
      expected alpha-aminonitrile 7. Microsomal oxidation of propranolol in the
      presence of sodium cyanide gave two cyanide-containing adducts as shown by GC-MS
      (12a and 12b). Using specifically deuterated propranolols (8, 9, 10, and 11) as
      substrates showed both of these cyanide-containing adducts to have lost the N
      isopropyl group. Compounds 12a and 12b were shown to be diastereomeric alpha
      aminonitriles arising from the reaction of 2 with propionaldehyde, a contaminant
      from the ether used for extraction, and cyanide anion. Authentic 7, stable to
      derivatization and GC-MS conditions, rapidly decomposed under the conditions of
      the metabolic experiments.

PMID- 4067852
TI  - A new approach for dealing with the stability of drugs in biological fluids.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to develop a procedure for investigating the
      stability of drugs in biological fluids based on sound experimental design and to
      use a statistical procedure which would allow conclusions to be made concerning
      stability with an acceptable degree of certainty (95%). The experimental
      procedure involved replicate analysis of the drug in stored and freshly prepared
      samples on the same day. The relative difference in response between these two
      sets of samples and a 90% confidence interval for the true change in response was
      calculated. This confidence interval enabled us to detect a pharmacokinetically
      relevant degradation. It is argued that this approach is superior to the
      stability test procedures based on the t test. The application of the method to
      the assessment of the stability of three different drugs in biological fluids is
      described.

PMID- 4067853
TI  - Analysis of the variance components in a pharmaceutical aerosol product:
      lodoxamide tromethamine.
AB  - The contributions of several components to the variance in lodoxamide delivery
      from lodoxamide tromethamine metered-dose aerosol containers have been estimated.
      Two aerosol lots, manufactured with mean diameters of 2.3 and 7.2 micron,
      exhibited approximately equal variances. The variance was apportioned to the
      following components: container-to-container, 27%; mouthpiece-to-mouthpiece 18%;
      valve-to-valve, 11%; assay, 6%. The largest single contribution to the variance
      (38%) is attributed to unassignable variations which include within-container
      variations in the dose; quality improvement efforts should concentrate on this
      area. Little effort should be expended to minimize the assay, valve delivery, or
      mouthpiece variation as their contribution to lodoxamide dose variation is small.
      Likewise, the bulk drug particle size did not contribute appreciably to within
      lot dose variation.

PMID- 4067854
TI  - Amorphous water-soluble derivatives of cyclodextrins: nontoxic dissolution
      enhancing excipients.
AB  - Dissolution properties of drugs may be improved by their conversion to an
      amorphous state or by complexation with cyclodextrins. The present report
      describes the preparation of cyclodextrin derivatives which are intrinsically
      amorphous, and water-soluble, and their use as complexation agents. Such
      derivatives were prepared by condensation of alpha-, beta-, or gamma
      cyclodextrins with epoxides (propylene oxide, isobutylene oxide, epichlorohydrin,
      1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether). The condensation products effectively
      solubilized estradiol, progesterone, or testosterone in water; these solutions,
      upon freeze-drying, yielded solids which could be directly compressed to tablets
      which dissolve completely within minutes. Condensation products of cyclodextrins
      did not have any untoward or toxic effects when administered chronically to mice
      per os for a 16-week period.

PMID- 4067855
TI  - pH- and flow-rate-independent release of drug from uncoated slow-release tablets.
AB  - Slow-release tablets were prepared using a polyvinyl chloride--polyethylene
      matrix and sodium salicylate as a model drug. The in vitro release of salicylate
      was described adequately by a previously published equation. The release rate
      constant was independent of the pH of the dissolution fluid and the flow rate of
      the fluid past the tablet. Accordingly, the procedures used to test the in vitro
      drug release from this type of matrix tablet are not as critical as for
      conventional tablets. It may therefore be postulated that the in vivo performance
      of the tablet may be less subject to variations in the physiological parameters
      of the GI tract.

PMID- 4067856
TI  - Relative bioavailability of chlorthalidone in humans after single oral doses.
AB  - The relative bioavailability of chlorthalidone from rapidly dissolving,
      stabilized, amorphous 15- and 25-mg formulations was compared in 24 normal adult
      male volunteers to the 25-mg market standard tablet and a 25-mg oral reference
      solution. When adjusted for dose, the experimental formulations were 116 and 104%
      of the calculated mean area under the curve for chlorthalidone reference solution
      compared to 81% for the tablet of the innovator. Likewise, the dose-adjusted mean
      peak blood levels for the 15- and 25-mg experimental tablets and the 25-mg tablet
      of the innovator were 112, 105 and 78% of the reference solution, respectively.
      Mean times-to-peak blood concentrations were 8.4 h for the 25-mg and 9.1 h for
      the 15-mg amorphous formulations compared to 9.2 h for the oral reference
      solution and 11.8 h for the market standard tablet. Drug concentrations declined
      monoexponentially with harmonic mean half-lives ranging from 47 to 55 h and
      intrinsic clearances ranging from 0.13 to 0.18 L/h regardless of formulation. The
      dose-adjusted relative bioavailability for the experimental formulations was not
      significantly different from the oral reference solution, whereas the market
      standard tablet was significantly (p less than 0.0001) lower than the reference
      solution. The urinary excretion of chlorthalidone was generally greater following
      the stabilized amorphous formulations than either the tablet of the innovator or
      the reference solution. The results of this research show that a rapidly
      dissolving chlorthalidone tablet can be formulated that shows complete relative
      bioavailability in humans.

PMID- 4067857
TI  - Effects of adhesion on mixing homogeneity. II: Highest attainable degree of
      mixing of a polydisperse ingredient and a monodisperse diluent.
AB  - The highest attainable degree of mixing of a polydisperse ingredient adherent to
      a monodisperse diluent was derived from the Poisson distribution and found to
      equal the quality of the noninteractive random mixture. The derivation assumes
      the arrangement of the ingredient particles onto the surface of the diluent to be
      random in the equilibrium situation. To produce ordered mixtures of a higher
      degree of homogeneity should require an ordering mechanism which must enforce the
      arrangement of the adherent particles to become ordered.

PMID- 4067858
TI  - Minimal incision podiatric surgery. Principles and applications.

PMID- 4067859
TI  - A box joint arthrodesis for the proximal interphalangeal joint in claw toe
      deformity.

PMID- 4067860
TI  - Iliac apophysitis and a review of the osteochondroses.

PMID- 4067861
TI  - The incidence of foot pathology in a diabetic population.

PMID- 4067862
TI  - Epiphysiodesis. An adjunctive surgical technique.

PMID- 4067863
TI  - Survey of joint mobility and foot problems of 191 Australian children.

PMID- 4067864
TI  - Pedal manifestations of Brown-Sequard syndrome. A case report.

PMID- 4067865
TI  - A unique intra-articular "knock off' fracture.

PMID- 4067866
TI  - A biomechanical approach to hallux varus. A case report.

PMID- 4067867
TI  - Asymptomatic occlusive arterial disease. A case report.

PMID- 4067868
TI  - Functional orthoses with intrinsic rearfoot post.

PMID- 4067869
TI  - [Thermogenesis induced by nutrients in man: its role in weight regulation].
AB  - The maintenance of body weight at a stable level for an adult man requires the
      involvement of mechanisms which should adapt energy intake to energy expenditure
      (or vice versa). Energy balance is thus maintained near equilibrium. However, the
      nature of these mechanisms is poorly understood. The control of food intake has
      been studied often and will not be discussed in this presentation. This paper
      concerns the control of energy expenditure, particularly the control of nutrient
      induced thermogenesis. The recent interest in this field has arisen following the
      demonstration of the role of nutrient-induced thermogenesis in rats and mice
      having free access to the "cafeteria diet". Under these conditions, these animals
      overeat, but the major part of the excess energy intake above maintenance, is
      dissipated as heat through the sympathetic activation of brown adipose tissue. By
      contrast, a thermogenic defect in brown adipose tissue is involved in the
      development of genetic or hypothalamic obesity in rats and mice. In man, diet
      induced thermogenesis seems to play a smaller role in the control of energy
      balance than in small mammals. This is probably related to the partial atrophy of
      brown adipose tissue in adult man. Studies on thermogenesis induced by the
      intravenous infusion of glucose and insulin (euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp
      technique) in man have allowed us to identify two components: the first, the
      obligatory thermogenesis is due to the energetic cost of glucose storage (which
      mainly occurs as glycogen); the second has been called facultative thermogenesis,
      and is dependent upon stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Facultative
      thermogenesis can be suppressed by propranolol, a drug which blocks the beta
      receptors of the sympathetic nervous system. The effector tissue which is
      responsible for the facultative thermogenesis in man is unknown. Overfeeding
      studies with carbohydrates in man have also shown the occurrence of facultative
      thermogenesis. The contribution of a thermogenesis defect to the development of
      obesity in predisposed individuals is shown by studies using the technique of the
      respiration chamber. About one third of obese subjects who have been studied in
      the chamber have shown a decreased postprandial thermogenic response. A
      thermogenic defect could explain a weight gain of about 10 kg. Other mechanisms
      which include eating behaviour and low physical activity are needed to explain
      weight gains greater than 10 kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4067870
TI  - [Mechanisms of locomotion in mammals].
AB  - From biochemical studies of the hindlimb locomotor cycle in the cat, it appears
      that joint angle excursions are more simple at hip than at more distal joints.
      The pattern of EMG activity for the different hindlimb muscles is not simple but
      detailed and is roughly kept the same in the deafferented preparation and in the
      chronic spinal preparation too: these results show the central and spinal origin
      of the basic rhythm generation of the locomotor pattern. What is added to this
      basic mechanism by the supraspinal levels is: (1) a tonic activation which is
      necessary for the locomotor bursting to be initiated and maintained; (2) an
      adjustment of four limb posture to ensure equilibrium throughout a locomotor
      episode. The cerebellum is likely a leader in latter control. The basic spinal
      pattern is also controlled by peripheral feed-back signals which operate at
      spinal level and can delay the next locomotor cycle as long as the limb is
      loaded. On the other hand, a gain control of simple spinal reflexes is achieved
      by the spinal locomotion generator versus the phase of the locomotor cycle.

PMID- 4067872
TI  - The 62nd annual meeting of the Physiological Society of Japan. March 28-30, 1985,
      Kurume. Abstracts.

PMID- 4067871
TI  - [Difference of arterial pressure regulatory mechanism between awake and
      anesthetized human subjects].
AB  - This experiment was conducted to clarify difference of arterial pressure
      regulatory mechanism between awake and anesthetized human subjects. In 18
      subjects who were scheduled for surgical operations, passive tilting test was
      performed both in awake and anesthetized conditions. Arterial pressure and heart
      rate were measured during four types of tilting test, i.e., 1. supine-10 degrees
      head down tilt 2. 10 degrees head down tilt-supine 3. supine-10 degrees head up
      tilt 4. 10 degrees head up tilt-supine. Relative changes in arterial pressure and
      heart rate in response to these four tilting tests were compared. After postural
      changes, all anesthetized subjects showed significant arterial pressure changes
      followed by restoration of arterial pressure towards control level with opposite
      changes of heart rate. This initial arterial pressure changes were mainly induced
      by shift of blood due to gravity and subsequent arterial pressure and heart rate
      changes were mainly by baro-receptor reflex. On the other hand, awake subjects
      showed transient increase of heart rate immediately after tilting followed by
      arterial pressure rise 2 to 3 seconds later in all four tilting tests. However,
      arterial pressure did not change so remarkably as in anesthetized condition and
      remained almost constant during tilting test. In awake subjects, their arterial
      pressure was regulated rapidly and reflex control of arterial pressure was
      masked. This rapid regulation of arterial pressure may be induced directly by
      higher central nervous system.

PMID- 4067873
TI  - Isolation of Naegleria australiensis from an Oklahoma Lake.
AB  - Eight isolates of Naegleria australiensis were obtained from a small lake in
      Tulsa, Oklahoma. The eight strains were isolated during the hot summer months of
      July through September, when water temperatures ranged from 27 to 33 degrees C.
      All eight isolates were pathogenic for mice. The mean time to death for mice was
      10 days (range 6-13 days). This pathogenic free-living ameba has not before been
      reported from the United States or the Western Hemisphere.

PMID- 4067874
TI  - Coccidian parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from insectivores: new species from
      shrew moles (Talpidae) in the United States.
AB  - All of 18 shrew moles, Neurotrichus gibbsii, collected in Oregon and Washington
      were infected with one or more species of coccidia. Three eimerians and one
      isosporan were identified and described as new species. Sporulated oocysts of
      Eimeria heterocapita n. sp. were subspheroid to ellipsoid, 25.5 X 21.4 (23-27 X
      18-23) micron. A membranous, cap-like structure was present at one pole of the
      oocyst, but a micropyle, oocyst residuum, and polar body were absent. Ovoid
      sporocysts were 13.6 X 10.0 (12-15 X 9-11) micron; a compact sporocyst residuum
      was present, but Stieda, sub-, and parastieda bodies were absent. This species
      was found in 2 of 18 (11%) hosts. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria neurotrichi n.
      sp. were ovoid, 17.6 X 13.6 (16-20 X 11-16) micron; micropyle and oocyst residuum
      were absent, but a polar body was present. Ovoid sporocysts were 10.7 X 5.5 (9-12
      X 5-6) micron; Stieda body and sporocyst residuum were present, but sub- and
      parastieda bodies were absent. This species was found in 2 of 18 (11%) hosts.
      Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria parastiedica n. sp. were subspheroid, 27.4 X 25.5
      (25-30 X 22-28) micron; micropyle, oocyst residuum, and polar body were absent.
      Ovoid sporocysts, pointed at both ends, were 18.3 X 10.4 (16-20 X 9-11) micron;
      Stieda, sub-, and parastieda bodies were present as was a sporocyst residuum.
      This species was found in 2 of 18 (11%) hosts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4067875
TI  - Biochemical identification and phylogenetic relationships in free-living amoebas
      of the genus Naegleria.
AB  - Using isoelectric focusing, the zymograms of 23 pathogenic and nonpathogenic
      Naegleria strains were studied for the activity of 16 enzymes. Certain enzymes
      (lactate dehydrogenase, L-threonine dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, acid
      phosphatase, malic enzyme, and leucine aminopeptidase) proved particularly useful
      from a practical point of view as they allow easy and reliable identification of
      pathogenic N. fowleri and N. australiensis as well as nonpathogenic N.
      lovaniensis strains. Genetic interpretation of these zymograms gave estimates of
      genetic distances that largely confirmed the taxonomic position of the Naegleria
      species. In addition, the genetic data suggest that there are two main
      phylogenetic groups in the genus Naegleria.

PMID- 4067876
TI  - Enzyme composition and the taxonomy of Acanthamoeba.
AB  - The enzyme activities of 37 representative strains of Acanthamoeba against 19
      substrates have been examined. A total of 13 enzyme complements were identified,
      which could be arranged in six larger groups. There was good agreement between
      these groupings and the arrangement of the strains that was suggested by the
      electrophoresis patterns of their esterases and acid phosphatases. A
      numericlature is described which provides an unequivocal numerical label for each
      enzyme complement.

PMID- 4067877
TI  - Flagellar morphology in stumpy-flagella mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
AB  - Sixteen new mutants of the biflagellate green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with
      either stumpy-flagella or no flagella at all were examined by electron
      microscopy. Four of the mutants were found to carry short bulbous flagella
      containing amorphous electron-dense material which may represent unassembled
      flagellar protein. Basal bodies of normal ultrastructure were present in all
      mutants. Dikaryon dominance tests indicated that the stumpy mutations were
      recessive to wild-type in all cases tested. Stumpy mutations also conferred a
      measure of detergent resistance to Chlamydomonas, apparently by affecting the
      detergent-solubility of the flagellar membrane.

PMID- 4067878
TI  - Phagocytic activity of three Naegleria strains in the presence of erythrocytes of
      various types.
AB  - The phagocytic activities of N. lovaniensis (Aq/9/1/45D) and N. gruberi (1518/1f
      and 1518/1e) were studied in the presence of erythrocytes of various species:
      chicken, rabbit, goat, and human (A+, B+, and AB+ were tested). The percentage of
      amoebae with ingested red cells, the phagocytic index (PhI), can be considered as
      an expression of phagocytic activity. Under given conditions (erythrocyte
      concentration, incubation time, age of amoebic cultures) each strain of Naegleria
      prefers one erythrocyte type. Thus, for 72-h cultures, N. lovaniensis ingested
      more A+ type erythrocytes than did N. gruberi strains but had very low affinity
      for rabbit red cells except when very high concentrations were tested. Naegleria
      gruberi 1f was the most active of the three strains towards rabbit and B+ and AB+
      human erythrocytes, but very low PhIs were obtained with goat erythrocytes.
      Naegleria gruberi 1e exhibited high phagocytic activity for every erythrocyte
      type except for rabbit red cells.

PMID- 4067879
TI  - Interactions of Giardia lamblia with human intestinal mucus: enhancement of
      trophozoite attachment to glass.
AB  - Giardia lamblia trophozoites frequently are associated with mucus in vivo. We
      investigated the effects of human intestinal mucus on parasite attachment and
      survival in vitro. All samples of mucus from the duodenum and ileum (from four
      humans and two rabbits) enhanced attachment at 100 micrograms/ml. Attachment
      increased with mucus concentrations from 1 to 1000 micrograms/ml but declined
      toward the unstimulated level at concentrations above 1000 micrograms/ml. Mucus
      from the small intestine also promoted the survival of the parasites during the 2
      h incubation. In contrast, colonic mucus promoted survival, but inhibited
      attachment. Fractionation of mucus from the human small intestine by cesium
      chloride equilibrium density gradient ultracentrifugation revealed that both
      attachment- and survival-promoting activities were in the low density, protein
      rich fraction. The high density fractions containing the mucins were devoid of
      activity. Thus, a non-mucin fraction of mucus from the human small intestine may
      promote colonization by G. lamblia.

PMID- 4067880
TI  - Development of the swine coccidium Eimeria debliecki Douwes, 1921 in mammalian
      cell cultures.
AB  - Sporozoites of Eimeria debliecki entered human fetal lung and porcine kidney
      cells grown in cultures and underwent one merogenous cycle, terminating in the
      production of second-generation trophozoites. Sporozoites were intracellular 1 h
      post-inoculation (PI) and developed into sporozoite-shaped meronts at 40 h PI.
      These meronts, one of which was motile, had from two to ten nuclei. Sporozoite
      shaped meronts then developed into elongate or spheroidal meronts with 10 to 24
      nuclei by two days PI. Ten to 26 first-generation merozoites were formed by
      budding from the meront surface. Mature first-generation merozoites were most
      numerous three days PI. Most meronts had ruptured and released nonmotile
      merozoites into the culture medium by four days PI. Merozoites that were not
      released became rounded and developed into second-generation trophozoites.
      Refractile bodies were present in all developmental stages. No further
      development was observed five through eight days PI.

PMID- 4067881
TI  - Trypanosoma brucei: differentiation of in vitro-grown bloodstream trypomastigotes
      into procyclic forms.
AB  - Trypanosoma brucei strain 366D trypomastigotes grown at 37 degrees C in the
      presence of a human fibroblast cell line formed foci underneath the feeder cells
      whereas trypanosomes grown in the presence of a human epithelial cell line grew
      only in the culture supernatant. A culture system was developed to study the
      differentiation of bloodstream trypomastigotes grown in the epithelial cell
      system into procyclic trypomastigotes at 27 degrees C. The morphological
      differentiation into the procyclic form was complete by 48 h. Cell division did
      not occur until 30-40 h after transfer to 27 degrees C. Various characteristics
      of this system were examined, including the effect of the feeder layer, the type
      of medium, the presence of the metabolites cis-aconitate and citrate, the
      preadaptation period, and the trypanosome cell concentration. The respiration of
      the recently differentiated procyclic cells was less sensitive to inhibition by
      CN- than that of established procyclic forms, implying a delayed appearance of
      complete mitochondrial oxidative pathways. This trypanosome differentiation
      system has the advantage that the animal host is not needed and the entire
      process is carried out in in vitro culture.

PMID- 4067882
TI  - Morphology of Giardia agilis: observation by scanning electron microscopy and
      interference reflexion microscopy.
AB  - The flagellated protozoan, Giardia agilis, was isolated from tadpole small
      intestine and examined by scanning electron microscopy and interference reflexion
      microscopy. The general morphology of the G. agilis trophozoite is similar to G.
      muris and G. duodenalis, but with modifications that reflect its elongated form.
      Interference reflexion microscopic analysis of attachment of G. agilis reveals a
      pattern of focal contacts by the lateral crest of the ventral disc, the
      ventrolateral flange, the lateral shield, and by numerous microvillus-like
      appendages found along the lateral border of the trophozoite. The pattern of
      focal contacts was observed to be dynamic; trophozoites were observed to make and
      break the focal contacts in a relatively short time and to glide along the
      surface of the substratum without breaking focal contacts.

PMID- 4067883
TI  - Ultrastructure of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and excysting sporozoites as
      revealed by high resolution scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts isolated from calf feces were examined by scanning
      electron microscopy during excystation. Intact C. parvum oocysts were spheroid to
      ellipsoid, approximately equal to 3.5 X 4.0 micron, with length : width ratio =
      1.17. The oocyst wall had a single suture at one pole, which spanned 1/3 to 1/2
      the circumference of the oocyst. During excystation the suture dissolved,
      resulting in a slit-like opening, which the sporozoites used to exit the oocyst.
      Sporozoites were 3.8 X 0.6 micron and had a rough outer surface.

PMID- 4067884
TI  - Parents' teaching strategies with their children: the effects of parental and
      child status variables.
AB  - The intent of the study was to examine the effects of parental (mother and
      father) and child (gender and communicative status) status variables on the
      teaching strategies used by parents in a paper-folding task. The linguistic and
      nonverbal strategies of 120 parent-child groupings were analyzed during paper
      folding tasks. Parents' strategies were coded according cognitive demand and
      directiveness. Results indicated that strategies varied as a function of
      children's communicative status. Parents were less directive and more demanding
      of nonhandicapped children compared to handicapped children. Parents' strategies
      seemed to be determined by children's ability to sustain discourse. Results are
      discussed in terms of Vygotsky's notion of the zone of proximal development.

PMID- 4067886
TI  - Phonological code activation during listening.
AB  - Rhyme priming to visually dissimilar rhymes (e.g., eight-late) was used in a
      lexical decision task to investigate the access and maintenance of speech-based
      codes in sentence comprehension. One member of the rhyme pair was embedded in a
      sentence and the other was presented visually for lexical decision. Rhyme priming
      obtained when the prime and target were separated by four but not by seven
      intervening words, suggesting that the phonological code for the word was
      initially accessed and then rapidly decayed.

PMID- 4067885
TI  - Reading with partial phonology: developmental phonological dyslexia.
AB  - Recent psycholinguistic investigations have advanced our understanding of the
      acquired dyslexias. Developmental analogues have been described to some of these
      disorders. A new case of developmental phonological dyslexia is described here.
      A.H. is an intelligent 10-year-old boy with no neurological abnormality. Reading
      and spelling are below age level. A.H. is poorer at reading words than nonwords.
      The majority of his errors are paralexias: visual, derivations, or visuosemantic.
      Spelling-to-sound regularity does not affect the ability to read aloud. A.H.'s
      reading performance is significantly impaired when words are presented typed in
      reverse order, thereby prohibiting global strategies. Spelling of nonwords is no
      better than reading of nonwords. Only one-fifth of spelling errors are
      phonologically valid. A.H. has imperfect development of both the phonological
      route to reading and the phonological route to spelling.

PMID- 4067887
TI  - Children with end-stage renal failure: psychological effects on patients,
      siblings and parents.
AB  - Thirty-two children diagnosed as suffering from renal failure, their parents and
      siblings were the subjects of this study. Anxiety, depression and psychosomatic
      complaints were examined in the parents and behaviour problems in the child and
      siblings using standardised tests. The personality characteristics (EPQ) of the
      child and the child's view of the family (modified family relations test) were
      also ascertained. Parents showed greater levels of anxiety and depression than a
      normal sample and more psychosomatic problems than a control group consisting of
      parents of children with other chronic physical conditions. Siblings and the sick
      child did not have more behaviour problems at school than a normal control group.
      Positive correlations were found between age on diagnosis of renal failure and
      fathers' depression and anxiety scores. Mothers' anxiety and depression scores
      were also positively correlated with those of father. Negative correlations were
      found between age on diagnosis of renal failure and lie scores on the EPQ.

PMID- 4067888
TI  - Psychological effects of speech therapy.
AB  - The study investigates the effect of speech therapy on the mood of aphasic stroke
      patients and their spouses. Patients were randomly allocated to receive speech
      therapy for 24 weeks starting at 10 weeks post stroke. Patient's mood was
      measured by means of simple rating scales and an adjective checklist. The mood of
      relatives was measured by The Goldberg General Health Questionnaire and The
      Wakefield Depression Inventory. Whereas depression and anxiety were surprisingly
      uncommon in aphasic patients, many spouses suffered depression and minor
      psychiatric disturbances. There were no significant differences between treated
      and untreated patients and their spouses on any measure. Speech therapy was not
      shown to have any psychological benefits.

PMID- 4067889
TI  - Inability to cope with environmental stress: peptic ulcers in mentally retarded
      persons.
AB  - Mentally retarded persons in the protective environment of an institution
      developed more peptic ulcers than the general population. We sought to determine
      whether their physical and mental handicaps may have a relationship to this
      disease. Thirty seven mentally retarded institutionalized ulcer patients were
      compared to 37 non-ulcer controls matched for age and sex, who were also similar
      in IQ and mental retardation diagnoses. A stepwise discriminant analysis
      demonstrated that the ulcer group was more limited by chronic diseases and
      inability to ambulate. Also differentiating the groups were ulcer patients having
      more cerebral palsy, more visual deficit, and more limited motor and sphincter
      control than non-ulcer subjects. We conclude that helplessness in responding to
      environmental demands produces stress sufficient to induce peptic ulcers, even in
      severely mentally retarded persons.

PMID- 4067890
TI  - Effectiveness of hardiness, exercise and social support as resources against
      illness.
AB  - The effects of the resistance resources of personality hardiness, exercise, and
      social support, taken singly and in combination, on concurrent and prospective
      levels, and probability of illness were studied. In 1980, 85 male business
      executives identified as high in stressful events were tested for the three
      resistance resources. Predicting their illness scores in 1980 formed the
      concurrent aspect of the study. For the prospective aspect, illness scores in
      1981 were available on 70 of the subjects. With regard to resistance resources,
      when there are none, one, two or three, the level and probability of both
      concurrent and prospective illness drop in a regular and marked fashion. These
      results highlight the importance of multiple resistance resources. Estimates of
      relative effectiveness indicate that hardiness is the most important of the
      resistance resources studied.

PMID- 4067891
TI  - Exercise after myocardial infarction: long-term rehabilitation effects.
AB  - Long-term effects of an exercise programme for patients who had experienced
      myocardial infarction were investigated. Questionnaires were sent to 305 patients
      who during a three and a half year period had been invited to participate.
      Replies from 58 exercised patients, 13 who had dropped out, 75 controls and 69
      who declined the invitation were analysed. The amount of exercise now being taken
      was positively correlated with scores on cardio-vascular and general health, and
      negatively correlated with symptoms during exercise and taking medication. The
      exercised group differed from the other groups in that a greater proportion were
      still taking heavy exercise. The latter scored significantly higher than the rest
      of the patients on most of the measures used. For effective long-term
      rehabilitation the problem of encouraging and enabling patients to continue
      vigorous exercise needs to be resolved.

PMID- 4067892
TI  - Sex during pregnancy and the first postnatal year.
AB  - Ratings of sexual behaviour and feelings were obtained regularly from subjects of
      a longitudinal study of psychiatric status and psychological change in pregnancy
      and the first postnatal year. The results are consistent with previous research,
      showing a reduction in frequency of sexual intercourse and in interest and
      satisfaction with sex over the course of pregnancy. Coitus was resumed after
      childbirth within six weeks by nearly 60% of women, and within three months by
      eighty. In most cases, ratings of interest in and satisfaction with sex also
      returned to early pregnancy levels by three months postnatal. Despite clear
      trends in the group as a whole there was considerable individual variation,
      investigated using tests of association with measures of subject characteristics
      and psychological status.

PMID- 4067893
TI  - Medical accountability.

PMID- 4067894
TI  - Gram-negative shock: approaches to treatment.

PMID- 4067895
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome.

PMID- 4067896
TI  - Prospects for new antibiotics: keeping one step ahead.

PMID- 4067898
TI  - A profile of geriatric rehabilitation units.

PMID- 4067897
TI  - Towards rational drug therapy in old age. The F.E. Williams Lecture 1985.

PMID- 4067899
TI  - The influence of menstrual status, body weight and hypothalamic function on
      nocturnal respiration in women.

PMID- 4067900
TI  - The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in a typical English community.

PMID- 4067901
TI  - Audit reviewed: does feedback on performance change clinical behaviour?

PMID- 4067902
TI  - Degradation of thymine in aqueous solution containing 3HHO. Comparison with 60Co
      gamma-radiolysis.

PMID- 4067903
TI  - In vitro culture of human thyroid cells; methods and application to radiation
      biology.

PMID- 4067904
TI  - The trends of global tritium precipitations.

PMID- 4067905
TI  - Accumulation of 65Zn by octopus Octopus vulgaris.

PMID- 4067906
TI  - UV degradation of arginine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide: involvement of
      hydroxyl radical in the photolytic process.

PMID- 4067907
TI  - Chemical states of stable Zn and aging effect of 65Zn in the soil.

PMID- 4067908
TI  - Enhanced killing of HeLa cells pre-labeled with 5-bromodeoxyuridine by
      monochromatic synchrotron radiation at 0.9 A: an evidence for Auger enhancement
      in mammalian cells.

PMID- 4067909
TI  - Recovery from X-ray induced damage in primary cultures of human skin fibroblast
      cells.

PMID- 4067910
TI  - Recovery from radiation-induced damage in primary cultures of human epithelial
      thyroid cells.

PMID- 4067911
TI  - [Lymphographic and x-ray computed tomographic determination of criteria for
      normality of the transverse diameter of retroperitoneal lymph nodes].
AB  - Evaluation of ganglionic extension in malignant processes rely widely on
      ultrasound and CT. However the information yielded by those procedures regarding
      the ganglionic structure is poor. What is appreciated is the size of ganglia,
      that is presence or absence of adenomegaly. A CT study of subjects in which
      lymphography did not reveal structural or size changes enables one to specify the
      following criteria of normality: The transverse diameter of abdominal lymph nodes
      should not exceed 1,5 cm. The product: transverse diameter X antero posterior
      diameter should not exceed 2.

PMID- 4067912
TI  - [Value and limitations of puncture guided by x-ray computed tomography in
      hematology].
AB  - Interpretable cytologic data were obtained in 63% of a series of 68 punctures,
      for biopsy of hematologic affections, guided by CT scanning. The frequency of
      puncture of post-therapy residual masses (44 cases) explains the high incidence
      of non-significant examination results after lymph node puncture. The technique
      was most effective (78% of punctures exploitable) when used for thoracic masses
      and visceral localizations. The method is very safe: lack of serious incidents
      and minor reactions, mainly during thoracic puncture, in only 4.4%. The method is
      simple in use and should be employed, within certain limits that should be
      recognized, very widely in hematologic diseases.

PMID- 4067913
TI  - [Frontal and sagittal sections in whole body x-ray computed tomography].
AB  - In sufficiently supple individuals, longitudinal sections are interesting in the
      case of extensive lesions because they provide a global view, whereas transverse
      axial sections give only a segmentary view of the pathological processus. They
      are of value in the study of lesions of the thorax, abdomen or pelvis. However,
      because of their anatomical and technical restrictions, they should be reserved
      for certain special cases.

PMID- 4067914
TI  - [Radio-urodynamic study of the lower urinary tract].
AB  - Radio-urodynamic examination of the lower urinary tract is the best method to
      study the complex functional problems involving those structures. It will very
      often provide a correct diagnostic orientation in a single session. The main
      indications are (1) urinary incontinence when symptoms are unclear, or recurring
      after surgical correction, (2) neurogenic bladder dysfunction, (3) incipient
      obstructive uropathy and (4) when it is necessary to ascertain that micturition
      is normal. The necessary investment in personnel, time and material is
      considerable, and the indications are therefore to be limited to complex problems
      and to certain centers that have a special clinical and research interest in
      urodynamics. It is nevertheless highly justified by the improvement in
      therapeutic results engendered by a correct and precise diagnosis.

PMID- 4067915
TI  - [Is it possible to predict the cleanliness of the colon before double-contrast
      enema? Study of the image of the abdomen without preparation, and the number of
      liquid stools].
AB  - Correlations between evaluations by two observers of cleanliness of colon on
      straight abdominal images (ASP) and on barium enema (LDC) results were studied,
      as well as predictions of cleanliness of LDC by ASP. Correlation between
      observers was practically nul for ASP and was poor for LDC. There is lack of
      correlation between cleanliness of colon on ASP and cleanliness of LDC. It is
      concluded that no purpose is served in performing ASP before LDC in order to
      predict cleanliness and that the definition of cleanliness itself requires
      updating. In contrast, however, the presence of less than three liquid stools
      appears to be related to diminished cleanliness (p less than 0.05).

PMID- 4067916
TI  - [X-ray computed tomographic aspects of spinal aneurysmal cysts in children].
AB  - The interest of CT imaging in a case of aneurysmal bone cyst of the posterior
      arch of the 6th cervical vertebra in a 10 y.o. child is underlined. The value of
      intra tumoral densities which are relatively low, inferior to 100 Hounsfield unit
      is stressed but the most contributory feature in this case was the presence of a
      fluid level inside the cyst due to different densities of fluid components into
      the cyst.

PMID- 4067917
TI  - [Retroperitoneal liposarcoma in an infant].
AB  - We describe one case of retroperitoneal liposarcoma in newborn with few symptoms,
      evaluating the importance of the CT for his diagnosis.

PMID- 4067918
TI  - [Remote control pacifier. A simple method for opacification of the digestive
      tract in children].
AB  - The authors describe a remote control feeding pacifier for easy realisation of
      upper G.I. series in children.

PMID- 4067919
TI  - Acute increase of noradrenaline on vascular resistance in the corpus luteum of
      the pseudopregnant rat.
AB  - Noradrenaline infusion for 2 min (0.4 microgram/min) in anaesthetized rats
      increased the vascular resistance in 6-day-old corpora lutea, but had no
      significant effect on the vascular resistance in young (2-day-old) or old corpora
      lutea (11 days old). The luteal blood flow of the control rats was higher in 6
      day-old corpora lutea than in those of 2 and 11 days. The luteal blood flow
      apparently lacks autoregulation, since a linear relationship between blood flow
      and arterial blood pressure was registered. The present study shows that, besides
      the well known metabolic effects of catecholamines on corpus luteum function,
      catecholamines can exert acute vascular effects, but only on the corpus luteum of
      pseudopregnancy in the middle of its life span.

PMID- 4067920
TI  - Ovulation after sympathetic denervation of the rat ovary produced by freezing its
      nerve supply.
AB  - The ovaries of cyclic female rats were unilaterally or bilaterally denervated or
      sham-operated. Denervation was achieved by freezing the ovarian vascular pedicle
      and suspensory ligament about 1 cm from the ovary; this technique renders the
      ovary devoid of innervation for up to 10 days. Denervated ovaries from 6
      unilaterally and 7 bilaterally operated animals exhibited normal ovulation rates
      (5.8 +/- 1.0 and 5.2 +/- 1.2 respectively, mean +/- s.e.m.) compared with intact
      (5.6 +/- 0.4) and sham-operated controls (4.4 +/- 0.6 unilaterally sham-operated;
      4.1 +/- 0.8 bilaterally sham-operated). It is concluded that the mechanism of
      follicular rupture is unaffected by the absence of ovarian sympathetic
      innervation.

PMID- 4067921
TI  - Partial characterization of the embryo-derived platelet-activating factor in
      mice.
AB  - The platelet-activating factor (PAF) produced by mouse embryos showed similar
      kinetics of action and dose-response curve, in a bioassay, as did 1-0-alkyl-2
      acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphocholine (PAF-acether). The activity of the embryo
      derived PAF was not affected by inhibitors of the ADP (pyruvate kinase with
      phosphoenol pyruvate) or cyclo-oxygenase (indomethacin) pathways of platelet
      activation. Chlorpromazine, an inhibitor of the PAF-acether pathway of platelet
      activation, caused a significant inhibition of the effects of embryo-derived PAF.
      Phospholipases A2, C and D significantly inhibited the activity while lipase had
      no effect, suggesting a phospholipid structure. All the embryo-derived PAF was
      found in the chloroform fraction after chloroform:methanol (2:1 v/v) extraction,
      as was PAF-acether. Both factors migrated at a similar rate (Rf 0.10-0.12) on
      silica thin-layer chromatography (chloroform:methanol:water; 65:35:4 by vol.).
      The embryo-derived PAF therefore displays chemical, biochemical and physiological
      properties similar to those of PAF-acether.

PMID- 4067922
TI  - Motility of undiluted bull epididymal spermatozoa collected by micropuncture.
AB  - Motility of whole undiluted semen collected from different regions of the bull
      epididymis by micropuncture was determined by examining a droplet under paraffin
      oil. Bull caudal spermatozoa showed vigorous motility in undiluted semen. This
      motility was less in samples collected from nearer the testis: samples from the
      distal caput showed weak but detectable motility while those from the proximal
      and mid-caput were completely quiescent. Motility of spermatozoa from the distal
      caput and the proximal corpus was markedly increased after incubation at 34 or 37
      degrees C for 1 h, but was depressed by incubation at 25 degrees C. Similar but
      smaller effects were observed with spermatozoa collected from the mid-corpus and
      the mid-cauda, except that motility of spermatozoa from the mid-corpus was
      reduced after incubation for 1 h at 37 degrees C. The inhibitory effect of low
      temperature was completely reversible. Incubation of caudal spermatozoa under
      anaerobic conditions produced partial and reversible inhibition of sperm
      motility. The results suggested that bull epididymal spermatozoa may not be
      completely quiescent in their native environment as previously assumed.

PMID- 4067923
TI  - Short-term effects of prolactin on prostatic function in rats with lisuride
      induced hypoprolactinaemia.
AB  - The effects of a single injection of ovine prolactin on prostatic function were
      monitored in intact, intact androgenized and castrated-androgenized rats rendered
      hypoprolactinaemic after 7 days of treatment with a potent dopamine agonist,
      lisuride. Hypoprolactinaemia was associated with reductions in ventral prostate
      weight, polyamine levels, lateral lobe zinc and the concentration of the ventral
      prostate protein prostatein, but an elevation in the level of cytosolic
      oestradiol binding. Whether these differences attained statistical significance
      depended on whether the animals were intact, intact-androgenized or castrated
      androgenized. With the exception of ventral prostate weight and lateral lobe zinc
      concentrations, a single injection of prolactin restored or reversed these
      changes towards control levels within 12 h, which could not be explained by an
      indirect effect of the hormone on adrenal or testicular function. No effects of
      lisuride or prolactin were observed with regard to the content of fructose in the
      coagulating gland or in the degree of prolactin binding to prostatic membranes.

PMID- 4067924
TI  - Effect of pinealectomy on plasma melatonin, prolactin and progesterone
      concentrations during seasonal reproductive quiescence in the tammar, Macropus
      eugenii.
AB  - Non-lactating female tammars were pinealectomized (N = 5) or sham-operated (N =
      6) in October, during the austral period of increasing daylength. After autopsy
      in February the completeness of pinealectomy was assessed by histological
      examination of the epithalamic region. Pinealectomy, but not the sham-operation,
      abolished the nocturnal rise in plasma melatonin but weekly plasma prolactin
      concentrations were similar in both groups from October to February. Plasma
      progesterone concentrations remained low (less than 160 pg/ml) in both groups
      until after the summer solstice in December, when there was a 2-4-fold increase
      (greater than 300 pg/ml) by late January, indicating reactivation of the
      quiescent corpus luteum. The mean date of birth or oestrus for the
      pinealectomized tammars was January 11 +/- 4.8 days (s.e.m.), and for the sham
      operated tammars January 24 +/- 5.1 days. These results demonstrate that the
      pineal is not necessary for the maintenance of seasonal quiescence or to induce
      reactivation of the corpus luteum at the start of the normal breeding season
      after the summer solstice.

PMID- 4067925
TI  - Relationship of testosterone pulses to androgen binding in the pituitary of rams.
AB  - The effects of testosterone on cytosol and nuclear androgen receptors of ram
      pituitary were examined in two experiments. In Exp. I, 500 micrograms
      testosterone were injected intravenously and groups of 4 rams were slaughtered at
      0, 15, 30, 45, 90 and 360 min after injection. Cytosolic receptor concentration
      decreased from 21 +/- 0.9 to 6 +/- 0.9 fmol/mg protein 30 min after the
      testosterone injection (P less than 0.001), and then returned towards the
      preinjection level after 90 min. The pattern of nuclear receptor concentration
      was the opposite; a maximal increase (12 +/- 3.5 to 32 +/- 5.7 fmol/mg protein)
      was observed 30 min after injection (P less than 0.001), followed by a
      progressive but incomplete decrease by 360 min. In Exp. II, blood was collected
      every 20 min for 17 h in three successive series, each of 12 rams, which were
      then slaughtered. Plasma LH and testosterone concentrations were measured by
      radioimmunoassay. No changes were observed in cytosol receptor concentration, but
      nuclear receptor concentration was negatively correlated with the interval
      elapsed since the beginning of the last testosterone pulse (r = -0.62; P less
      than 0.001). The highest values for nuclear receptor concentrations were observed
      at an interval equal to or less than 120 min. These results indicate that natural
      pulses are associated with androgen binding particularly in the pituitary nuclei.

PMID- 4067926
TI  - Effects of removal in late pregnancy of the corpus luteum, graafian follicle or
      ovaries on plasma progesterone, oestradiol, LH, parturition and post-partum
      oestrus in the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii.
AB  - Concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone (LH)
      were measured in plasma collected at 6- to 12-h intervals from tammars around the
      time of parturition and post-partum oestrus. Parturition occurred on Day 26 or 27
      after reactivation of lactation-delayed pregnancy and coincided with a
      precipitous decline in progesterone levels. A sharp rise in oestradiol, from
      basal concentrations of less than 10 pg/ml to a peak of 13 to 32 pg/ml, as well
      as oestrus, followed the drop in progesterone by 8.3 and 9.8 h, respectively. The
      LH surge was dependent on the oestradiol rise and followed it by 7 h. Ovulation
      followed mating by about 30 h and the LH surge by 24 h. Removal of the ovary with
      the large Graafian follicle prevented the oestradiol rise, oestrus and the LH
      surge, but not parturition. Peripartum changes in peripheral oestradiol do not
      appear to be involved in initiation of parturition but the oestradiol rise and
      associated change in the oestradiol:progesterone ratio are important signals for
      post-partum oestrus and the LH surge.

PMID- 4067927
TI  - Deep freezing of horse embryos.
AB  - Fourteen horse embryos recovered non-surgically on Days 6-8 after ovulation (Day
      0) were cooled slowly to - 35 degrees C (7 embryos) or - 40 degrees C (7 embryos)
      and stored in liquid nitrogen (- 196 degrees C) for 4-98 days. Surgical transfer
      of the thawed embryos to unmated recipient mares that had ovulated - 2 to + 1
      days with respect to the embryo donors resulted initially in the establishment of
      4 conceptuses. However, only one mare maintained her pregnancy to term.

PMID- 4067928
TI  - Characteristics of prostaglandin F measurements in the ovarian circulation during
      the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in the cow.
AB  - Holstein or crossbred beef cows were anaesthetized on Days 15 to 17 after
      oestrus; the ovarian artery (OA), ovarian (utero-ovarian) vein (OV) and a
      peripheral artery (PA), were catheterized for chronic blood sampling. Beginning
      on the day after surgery, 6 sequential blood samples were collected every 30-40
      min twice daily from 8 cyclic and 6 pregnant cows during Days 16-20: 818 blood
      samples (including 216 OA and PA concurrent arterial pairs) were collected.
      Overall least squares means for PGF concentrations (pg/ml) in the OV, OA and PA
      of cyclic cows were 562, 228 and 106, respectively. A significant (P less than
      0.01) OA-PA difference (122 pg/ml) suggests that a local transfer system, between
      uterine venous effluent and ovarian arterial affluent, is functional in the cow.
      A transfer efficiency of about 1% was estimated. In cyclic cows differences in OA
      PA concentrations of PGF were minimal on Days 16-18 and increased to about 160
      pg/ml during luteal regression (Days 19-20). In pregnant cows a biphasic OA-PA
      pattern of difference in PGF between days was detected, with a peak on Day 18
      (136 pg/ml) which was not apparent on Days 19-20. Amplitude of PGF spikes in the
      OA was significantly higher in cyclic (725 pg/ml) than in pregnant cows (397
      pg/ml). We suggest that pregnancy suppresses PGF delivery to the ovarian
      circulation, resulting in maintenance of the corpus luteum in pregnant cows.

PMID- 4067929
TI  - Conceptus development after vascular occlusion of the middle uterine artery in
      the pig.
AB  - The middle uterine artery of gilts was occluded unilaterally or bilaterally from
      Days 25 to 70 after mating. The results showed that vascular occlusion of one (N
      = 7) or both (N = 6) middle uterine arteries during mid-pregnancy markedly
      reduced, compared with sham-operated controls (N = 7), development of the
      conceptuses and decreased peripheral oestrogen (oestrone + oestradiol-17 beta)
      concentrations in maternal blood.

PMID- 4067930
TI  - Excitatory response of guinea-pig myometrium to intravenous noradrenaline
      declines towards term.
AB  - Guinea-pigs were anaesthetized at three stages of pregnancy. Intrauterine
      pressure was recorded for a 1-h control period and during 10-min intravenous
      infusions of noradrenaline at rates of 1.0 and 10 micrograms/(min X kg). The mean
      and maximum amplitude of contractions occurring during the infusions was compared
      with that of contraction cycles registered in the control period. At 18-21 and 35
      43 days post coitum, noradrenaline invariably evoked a rapid and sustained rise
      in intrauterine pressure, the amplitude of the contractions being greater than
      during spontaneous contraction cycles recorded in the control period. In late
      pregnancy, 59-68 days p.c., infusion of 1.0 micrograms noradrenaline/(min X kg)
      failed to elicit a clear response; contractions occurring during infusion of 10
      micrograms noradrenaline/(min X kg) had amplitudes similar to those of the
      control period and were without a sustained contracture. The absence of
      denervation hypersensitivity, despite the occurrence of sympathetic denervation
      in the course of pregnancy, may be due to a generalized effect on excitation
      contraction coupling, possibly caused by relaxin.

PMID- 4067931
TI  - Oestrous cycle and breeding season of farmed fallow deer, Dama dama.
AB  - Oestrus was detected on 177 occasions in 34 fallow does for the duration of the
      breeding season. A total of 142 cycles had a mean length of 22.4 (+/- 1.3, s.d.)
      days. Cycle length increased and became more variable as the season proceeded but
      was not affected by doe age or liveweight. First oestrus occurred within a 12-day
      period, but the length of the breeding season, and therefore the number of
      oestrous cycles, was related to doe age. Serum progesterone profiles suggest that
      silent ovulations, associated with short-lived corpora lutea, occurred before the
      first behavioural oestrus. Ovulations without oestrus may have also occurred at
      the end of the breeding season.

PMID- 4067932
TI  - Indomethacin inhibition of ovulation in the cow.
AB  - Indomethacin or saline was administered via intramuscular, intrauterine or
      intraovarian routes to dairy cows, within 24 h after standing oestrus was first
      observed. The incidence of ovulation was determined at slaughter. All of the
      saline-treated cows (18/18) ovulated. Ovulation was not blocked after
      intramuscular injection (0/6) or intrauterine infusion (0/6) of indomethacin. In
      all cows, ovulation was blocked after intraovarian injection (6/6) of
      indomethacin. These findings add support to the hypothesis that prostaglandins
      play an essential role in ovulation in the cow as in many other mammalian
      species.

PMID- 4067934
TI  - Reproduction in captive female Cape porcupines (Hystrix africaeaustralis).
AB  - Captive females attained sexual maturity at an age of 9-16 months and conceived
      for the first time when 10-25 months old. Adult females were polyoestrous but did
      not cycle while lactating or when isolated from males. The length of the cycle
      varied from 17 to 42 days (mean +/- s.d. 31.2 +/- 6.5 days; n = 43) and females
      experienced 3-7 sterile cycles before conceiving. Pregnancy lasted for 93-94 days
      (93.5 +/- 0.6 days; N = 4) and litter intervals varied from 296 to 500 days (385
      +/- 60.4; n = 10). Litter size varied from 1 to 3 (1.5 +/- 0.66; n = 165) and the
      well-developed precocial young weighed 300-440 g (351 +/- 47.4 g; n = 19) at
      birth. Captive females reproduced throughout the year with most litters (78.7%; n
      = 165) being produced between August and March.

PMID- 4067933
TI  - Pregnancies after in-vitro fertilization of cow follicular oocytes, their
      incubation in rabbit oviduct and their transfer to the cow uterus.
AB  - Cow embryos fertilized in vitro (1-8-cell) (n = 113) were transferred surgically
      to the ligated oviduct of pseudopregnant female rabbits (31 +/- 4 h after 75 i.u.
      hCG). Rabbits were killed 99 +/- 5 h later and 67 embryos were recovered: 45
      (67%) had cleaved at least once, 15 had reached the morula stage and 2
      blastocysts were obtained. Transfer of cleaved embryos (2-8-cell) led to a high
      recovery rate (84%) compared to 39% for one-cell embryos. Of the embryos
      incubated for more than 99 h in the rabbit oviduct, 41% were at the morula stage.
      Embryos incubated in vivo (n = 21) (8-cell to blastocyst) were transferred to the
      uterus of 14 synchronized recipient heifers by a surgical (N = 5) or a non
      surgical (N = 9) procedure: 6 pregnancies resulted (4 from the non-surgical
      procedures). In addition, 27 (2-8-cell) cow embryos developed in vitro were
      transferred to the oviduct of synchronized heifers by a paralumbar surgical
      approach on a standing animal, but no pregnancies resulted. It is therefore
      concluded that (1) the rabbit oviduct can be used to obtain cow eggs at an
      embryonic stage sufficiently advanced to permit transfer to the uterus of a
      synchronized recipient; and (2) the pregnancy rate after in-vitro fertilization
      and incubation in the rabbit oviduct are similar to results with fertilization in
      vivo.

PMID- 4067935
TI  - Circulating progesterone and oestradiol-17 beta concentrations in cyclic Cape
      porcupines, Hystrix africaeaustralis.
AB  - The general pattern of steroid secretion during the 30-day oestrous cycle of the
      Cape porcupine is that of a surge (25-176 pg/ml) in oestradiol-17 beta secretion
      at the time of perforation of the vaginal closure membrane, followed by an
      increase in progesterone concentrations, the latter attaining peak values (mean
      5.9 +/- 2.1 ng/ml) 8-19 days (13.8 +/- 2.8 days) after vaginal opening.
      Copulation occurred after the oestradiol-17 beta surge and the length of the
      luteal phase of the cycle varied from 21 to 35 days (29.3 +/- 4.7 days), this
      representing 93% of the length of the cycle. Perforation of the vaginal closure
      membrane was not always accompanied by an increase in oestradiol-17 beta levels
      and some instances (19%) of vaginal opening were not followed by an increase in
      progesterone secretion. The hormonal characteristics of the oestrous cycle of
      females housed with vasectomized males were similar to those of females housed
      with intact males.

PMID- 4067936
TI  - Karyotypes of 3- or 4-day-old pig embryos after short in-vitro culture.
AB  - Pig embryos (3-4 days old) were grown for approximately 21 h in microdroplets
      under mineral oil with vinblastin sulphate as the mitotic inhibitor. From 10
      gilts, 115 eggs were cultured: 8 proved to be unfertilized oocytes, 9 did not
      contain mitotic figures, 16 contained fewer than 3 good mitotic figures and 80
      were judged to be of normal karyotype. A few polyploid cells were encountered,
      possibly of trophoblast origin. One embryo was a haploid and another one a 2N/6N
      mixoploid. In one gilt, in which there was no evidence of fertilization, a
      tetraploid embryo was discovered, and was assumed to be parthenogenetic.

PMID- 4067937
TI  - Progesterone-synthesizing ability of preovulatory follicles of cows relative to
      the peak of LH.
AB  - Preovulatory cow follicles (n = 34) were collected at different times after the
      onset of oestrus until shortly before ovulation. In-vitro conversion of tritiated
      pregnenolone in the presence of NAD+ by homogenates of the follicular wall was
      compared in phases relative to the LH peak. During phase 0 (before the LH surge)
      a moderate conversion into progesterone occurred, but it was subsidiary to that
      into 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone and other unidentified steroids. During phases
      1 (0-6 h after the LH peak), 2A (6-14 h) and 2B (14-20 h) the production of
      progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone remained constant; at phase 2B the
      percentage of remaining pregnenolone was higher than in the preceding phases. In
      phase 3 (20 h after the LH peak until ovulation) conversion into progesterone had
      increased about 4-fold to the highest levels observed (97% after 2 h incubation),
      and production of 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone and unidentified steroids was low.
      In an additional experiment, homogenates of the wall of 3 follicles at phase 3
      were also incubated with tritated progesterone in the presence of NADPH. The
      percentage of remaining progesterone was high, and a moderate conversion into 17
      alpha-hydroxyprogesterone occurred. In the main experiments, however, production
      of this steroid was not observed. The results indicate that steroid synthesis in
      the preovulatory follicle of the cow changes to the production of progesterone
      shortly before ovulation.

PMID- 4067938
TI  - A reciprocal autosomal translocation which causes male sterility in the mouse
      also impairs oogenesis.
AB  - A quantitative histological analysis of ovaries from 3- and 5-day-old female mice
      heterozygous for the male-sterile reciprocal autosomal translocation,
      T(11;19)42H, revealed a marked reduction (by 65%) in the number of oocytes as
      compared to controls. These findings call into question the widely held view that
      chromosomal anomalies causing spermatogenic failure have no effect on oogenesis.
      It is suggested that during meiosis in males and females there is a mechanism
      operating which tends to eliminate cells which had incomplete chromosome pairing
      at the pachytene stage.

PMID- 4067939
TI  - Pregnancy and parturition in rats after sympathetic denervation of the ovary,
      oviduct and utero-tubal junction.
AB  - The ovarian vascular pedicle and ovarian suspensory ligament were briefly frozen
      to destroy the nerves. Examination of sections from the ovary, oviduct and utero
      tubal junction by fluorescence histochemistry showed that they were usually
      devoid of adrenergic nerves. Measurement of noradrenaline in segments of the
      uterine horn by high-performance liquid chromatography showed that the
      transmitter was eliminated from the upper third but not the middle or lower
      thirds of the uterine horn. Unilateral or bilateral denervations at metoestrus in
      cyclic rats did not affect either the number of ovulations or the numbers or
      spacing of conceptuses at Day 7 of pregnancy. Bilateral denervations on Days 4, 7
      or 11 of pregnancy did not affect ovarian weights or numbers of conceptuses
      observed 1 week later. Plasma progesterone concentrations were at least as high
      in the denervated groups as in the sham-operated control groups. After unilateral
      or bilateral denervations at Day 15, pregnancy continued normally and birth of
      normal young occurred, without apparent problems, at the same time as for sham
      operated rats. The mothers tended their young and allowed them to suck. It is
      concluded that the adrenergic innervation of the ovary in the rat is not required
      for its normal function during pregnancy; that of the oviduct and mesosalpinx is
      not required for ovum pick-up or for transport of oocytes, spermatozoa or early
      embryos; and that of the utero-tubal junction is not required for uterine
      motility involved in embryo spacing and parturition.

PMID- 4067940
TI  - Influence of life-style on the premenstrual syndrome. Analysis of a questionnaire
      survey.
AB  - The premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is influenced by parameters of life-style. An
      analysis was done of 384 questionnaires completed by women with a wide variety of
      life-styles. Four measures of PMS symptomatology were developed to assess the
      areas of edema, autonomic responses, affect and coping mechanisms. Significance
      associations were found between PMS symptomatology and regularity of periods,
      occupational level and educational attainment. Housewives were found to report
      the highest levels of symptom expression. Visits to physicians due to PMS were
      found to be higher than is usually reported in the medical literature.

PMID- 4067941
TI  - Intestinal parasites and other infections during pregnancy in Southeast Asian
      refugees.
AB  - An influx of Indochinese refugees into the Philadelphia area prompted a review of
      their reproductive performance as related to parasitic diseases and other
      infectious complications. A total of 100 infants were delivered of 97 women over
      an 18-month period (41 Vietnamese, 28 Laotian, 26 Cambodian, 2 Thai). Intestinal
      parasites were present in 65% of the mothers. Additional infections included 1
      case of malaria, 1 of gonorrhea, 4 of syphilis, 5 of hepatitis B surface antigen
      and 12 of positive tuberculin (5-tuberculin-unit) skin tests. When comparing
      Southeast Asian gravidas with and without parasites, there were no significant
      differences between mean hemoglobin values, mean gestational age at delivery and
      mean birth weights of their infants. Although the Southeast Asian refugees had a
      high rate of infectious complications, they proved to have favorable pregnancy
      and neonatal outcomes.

PMID- 4067942
TI  - Conservative surgery for adnexal abscess.
AB  - Twenty-eight women were treated with conservative surgery for adnexal abscesses
      over a six-year period (1968-74). The mean age was 29.9 +/- 8.9 years (SD) and
      mean parity 1.2 +/- 1.1. Indications for surgery included failure to respond to
      medical therapy (16 cases) and exploration of a pelvic mass of uncertain etiology
      (12). The mean admission-operation interval was 8.7 +/- 9.9 days. The mean total
      hospital stay was 23.1 +/- 14.7 days. The most common procedures were unilateral
      adnexectomy (13 cases), simple drainage (6) and bilateral medial ligation (4).
      The intraoperative complications (one fatal cardiac arrest, two bladder
      lacerations and one bowel laceration) did not appear to be related to the
      conservative nature of the surgery. The postoperative complications, wound sepsis
      (six cases) and fecal fistula (one case), might have occurred equally with more
      radical operations. Menstrual function was retained in all the surviving patients
      and the potential for pregnancy in 18 (62%). Extrapolating these data from
      unselected cases in a developing nation, it seems likely that conservative
      procedures would afford an acceptable option in well-selected, fully informed
      women undergoing surgery for adnexal abscess in developed countries.

PMID- 4067944
TI  - Prolonged use of tocolytic agents in the expectant management of placenta previa.
AB  - The effects of the prolonged use (greater than seven days) of tocolytic agents,
      along with other established procedures of conservative, expectant management,
      were studied in 45 patients with either total or marginal-partial placenta
      previa. Our regimen prolonged pregnancy for seven days or more in 81.2% of total
      placenta previas and 91.7% of marginal-partial ones. Antepartum hospitalization
      and shortened neonatal length of stay resulted in a total saving of $18,175 per
      case. The prolonged use of tocolytic agents, in addition to expectant management,
      in patients with placenta previa increased the length of pregnancy, decreased
      neonatal morbidity and was cost effective.

PMID- 4067943
TI  - Influence of maternal attitudes on urban, black teens' decisions about abortion v
      delivery.
AB  - Two hundred thirty-one inner city black teenagers, aged 14-17, were followed for
      two years to assess whether (1) their decision to deliver or abort a pregnancy
      differed from their perceptions of their mothers' attitudes about having a child
      or aborting a pregnancy, (2) satisfaction with the decision differed between the
      abortion and delivery groups, and (3) satisfaction with the decision was affected
      by who made the decision. Eight-one percent chose the pregnancy outcome that
      their mothers supported. Those who did decide without their mothers' support
      (19%) were divided equally between abortion and continuing the pregnancy. The
      majority in both groups were satisfied with the outcome decision, but initially
      more deliverers than aborters were satisfied. Satisfaction initially was related
      to who made the decision, but by the one-year follow-up the difference was no
      longer significant. Young teens do not seem likely to make a decision about
      pregnancy outcome that differs from their mothers' views; initial differences in
      satisfaction with the decision disappear over a one- to two-year period.

PMID- 4067945
TI  - Progress report on a study of the cervical cap.

PMID- 4067946
TI  - Liquid silicone for the prevention of pelvic adhesions.
AB  - The prevention of postoperative adhesions would be beneficial to certain patients
      undergoing pelvic surgery. To date, a single, safe, simple and dependable method
      has not been found. Liquid silicone was placed in the abdominal cavity of 123
      adult female mongrel dogs after the pelvic organs were abraded. Adhesion
      formation was markedly reduced in the study group. In view of these encouraging
      preliminary results, further animal investigation seems warranted.

PMID- 4067947
TI  - Dextropreponderance of corpus luteum rupture. A clinical study.
AB  - A retrospective study of 55 consecutive patients with cystic corpora lutea,
      corpus luteum cysts or hematomas was undertaken to verify the observation of a
      right-side predominance in the incidence of rupture. Thirty-nine patients had a
      ruptured corpus luteum diagnosed surgically and confirmed histologically. No
      difference was observed in the overall distribution, the volume of hemorrhage or
      the size of the cysts between the two sides. A statistically significantly higher
      incidence of rupture was found on the right side (81.25%) as compared to the left
      (56.52%). We propose a working hypothesis of a difference in the ovarian venous
      architecture that causes a higher intraluminal pressure in the right corpus
      luteum and the dextropreponderance of ruptures.

PMID- 4067948
TI  - Treatment of minimal and moderate intrauterine adhesions (Asherman's syndrome).
AB  - Fifty-one women with only minimal and moderate intrauterine adhesions (Asherman's
      syndrome) underwent dilatation of the cervix, lysis of adhesions and insertion of
      intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs). A pregnancy rate of 90% was achieved.
      In 85% of the pregnancies a viable infant was delivered, and 15% terminated in
      abortions. No complications of pregnancy or of the third stage of labor were
      noted. The most common procedure preceding the appearance of intrauterine
      adhesions was curettage for spontaneous abortion and less frequently for missed
      and induced abortions. It seems that in mild and moderate Asherman's syndrome,
      lysis of adhesions and IUD insertion without estrogen administration yield
      satisfactory results.

PMID- 4067949
TI  - Quantitative analysis of the whiteness of the atypical cervical transformation
      zone.
AB  - The whiteness of the atypical cervical transformation zone is considered one of
      the important factors for grading colposcopic findings. The whiteness was
      measured on photographs taken with a newly developed method that uses double
      polarizing filters fixed in a rectangular position. This method eliminates
      highlights and makes it possible to compare the whiteness of different cases
      according to the same standard. The whiteness after acetic acid application and
      its diminution rate after four minutes were measured. Significant differences in
      whiteness were proven to exist between grade 1, 2 and 3 cervical intraepithelial
      neoplasia, between squamous metaplasia and carcinoma in situ (CIS) and between
      dysplasia and micro-invasive carcinoma. Significant differences in the diminution
      rate were revealed between each grade and between squamous metaplasia and CIS.

PMID- 4067950
TI  - Evaluation of amniotic fluid in preterm labor with intact membranes.
AB  - Amniotic fluid was obtained from 35 pregnant women in preterm labor with intact
      membranes. Their gestational ages ranged from 24 to 34 weeks. Bacteria were
      detected in only 1 (3%) of the 35 amniotic fluid samples. The anaerobic culture
      grew Bacteroides corrodens and Fusobacterium nucleatum. The L/S ratio was greater
      than 4.0 in six patients (17%), 2.5-4.0 in two (6%) and less than 2.5 in 23
      (66%); the quantity of fluid was inadequate for L/S analysis in four (11%). None
      of the 35 newborns developed evidence of infection in the neonatal period. Only
      two women (6%) were febrile postpartum, and none experienced a prolonged hospital
      stay. Seven (20%) of the infants developed respiratory distress syndrome. Five
      (14%) developed hyaline membrane disease, and two (6%) had transient tachypnea of
      the newborn. Intrauterine infection may play a lesser role in preterm labor with
      intact membranes than previously postulated. Amniocentesis may provide useful
      information for directing management by permitting one to assess fetal pulmonary
      maturity and the presence of meconium.

PMID- 4067951
TI  - Cesarean delivery and severe idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. A case report.
AB  - A postsplenectomy patient had idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) that was
      exacerbated with both her pregnancies. She failed to have sustained platelet
      counts in her previous pregnancy in spite of receiving steroids and chemotherapy.
      She underwent elective cesarean section with a platelet count of 7,000 but did
      not receive platelet transfusions. No unusual bleeding occurred, and an
      improvement in the ITP was noted postpartum.

PMID- 4067952
TI  - Twin abdominal pregnancy. A case report.
AB  - Abdominal pregnancy constitutes a small percentage of extrauterine pregnancies.
      Twin abdominal pregnancy is extremely rare.

PMID- 4067953
TI  - Retropharyngeal infection in a pregnant diabetic. A case report.
AB  - A retropharyngeal infection occurred in a pregnant class C diabetic at 31 weeks'
      gestation. Early diagnosis, prompt therapy with antibiotics and possibly surgery
      for drainage if an abscess develops constitute optimal management.

PMID- 4067954
TI  - Ectopic twin gestation discordant for anencephaly. A case report.
AB  - A 30-year-old white woman thought to have a 12-week intrauterine pregnancy
      developed a large cul-de-sac mass, which proved to be an ectopic, monoamnionic
      twin pregnancy (males) discordant for anencephaly. While twin pregnancies
      discordant for neural tube defects are well known, the extrauterine location made
      this case remarkable.

PMID- 4067955
TI  - Microsurgical repair of pediatric vulvar trauma. A case report.
AB  - Microsurgical repair of pediatric vulvar trauma should be used except in the most
      superficial cases.

PMID- 4067956
TI  - Vigorous exercise and cardiovascular death: a perspective.

PMID- 4067957
TI  - Epidural analgesia during labour: why does this increase the forceps delivery
      rate?

PMID- 4067958
TI  - Simple lateral release in treatment of tennis elbow.
AB  - The records of 340 patients with a clinical diagnosis of tennis elbow were
      surveyed and the results of conservative treatment assessed. Of 157 patients
      successfully treated by local steroid injections, 92% achieved their good result
      after one or two injections. Repeated injections were not helpful. Simple lateral
      release of the common extensor origin was carried out on 42 elbows in 37
      patients. Thirty-seven elbows in 32 patients were personally reviewed.
      Satisfactory pain relief was achieved in 33 elbows (89%). There were no
      significant complications.

PMID- 4067959
TI  - Bilateral Oxford Meniscal Knee arthroplasty.
AB  - Thirty-two patients who underwent bilateral bicompartmental Oxford Meniscal Knee
      arthroplasty have been followed up prospectively for a mean period of 51 months
      from the time of their first operation. Pain relief was obtained in all but one
      knee; walking ability was improved in more than two-thirds. Overall patient
      satisfaction with the results was good. Two knees failed. The results demonstrate
      that bilateral knee arthroplasty can be expected to give good functional results.

PMID- 4067960
TI  - Is follow up of patients after surgery for breast cancer worthwhile?
AB  - The effectiveness of routine outpatient follow up in detecting recurrent disease
      after 'curative' surgery for breast cancer has been evaluated in a retrospective
      study of 148 patients. In all, 32 patients developed recurrent cancer. In 3
      cases, asymptomatic disease was discovered by routine X-rays. In 25 cases, the
      patient noticed local disease or complained of symptoms due to distant spread,
      and over half of these returned to the clinic before the next routine
      appointment. In only 4 cases was routine examination by a doctor solely
      responsible for the discovery of recurrent disease. It is concluded that routine
      follow up made little contribution to the welfare of these patients.

PMID- 4067961
TI  - Doctor-patient communication in surgery.
AB  - The efficiency of communication between junior hospital doctors and 77 general
      surgical patients was assessed by using standardized questionnaires before and
      after the doctor/patient interview on both the patient and the house doctor.
      Patients were better informed about their illness than their surgery, and doctors
      wrongly estimated patients' knowledge in 41% of cases. Self-reported preoperative
      anxiety of patients was low and was estimated wrongly by house doctors in 58% of
      cases. In 52% of cases house doctors were considered by patients to be the most
      important source of information, but patients had little comprehension of the
      seniority of other doctors. Although 60% of patients were satisfied with the
      communication, the majority complained of lack of information concerning
      convalescence, postoperative pain and routine ward procedures.

PMID- 4067962
TI  - Erythema ab igne in cancer patients.
AB  - Five cancer patients were observed to have the skin change erythema ab igne (EAI)
      associated with painful underlying lesions, for which they had been applying
      local heating with hot-water bottles. In 4 cases the pain was produced by
      metastases and in one by the primary tumour. The EAI may be seen directly over
      the lesion or in an area of pain referral. In cancer patients it may be a helpful
      localizing sign, and in all patients (apart from the anterior lower legs of old
      people) it is very suggestive of a serious underlying cause.

PMID- 4067963
TI  - Helping imprisoned sex offenders: discussion paper.

PMID- 4067964
TI  - DSM-III: problems in diagnosing partial forms of multiple personality disorder:
      discussion paper.

PMID- 4067965
TI  - Current theoretical approaches to hypnosis: a review.

PMID- 4067966
TI  - Conservative management of pancreatic ascites.

PMID- 4067967
TI  - Colocutaneous fistula as late complication of total hip replacement in rheumatoid
      arthritis.

PMID- 4067968
TI  - Fibrosing pleuritis with extrathoracic extension.

PMID- 4067969
TI  - Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis.

PMID- 4067970
TI  - Skin oxygen tension in venous insufficiency of the lower leg.

PMID- 4067971
TI  - Sleep apnoea in infancy.
AB  - Serial polygraphic sleep studies were carried out in 86 index infants (33
      'symptomatic', 24 siblings of infants with the sudden infant death syndrome
      (SIDS), 29 'near-miss' for SIDS) and 11 healthy controls. Brief (greater than or
      equal to 3 less than 6 sec) or prolonged (greater than or equal to 6 sec)
      obstructive apnoea was observed only in index caes, and coincided with symptoms
      due to associated illnesses (usually respiratory). Their prevalence was
      comparable in 'symptomatic' and 'near-miss' groups--39% and 35% respectively.
      Prolonged (greater than or equal to 20 sec) central apnoea was seen only in pre
      term 'near-miss' infants. Dips in transcutaneous oxygen tension greater than or
      equal to 15 mmHg occurred during sleep in 17% of 'symptomatic' infants and 19% of
      'near-miss' cases, usually in association with obstructive or central apnoea.
      Diminution or disappearance of these abnormalities following clinical recovery
      from 'minor' illnesses suggested that they were the result of such illnesses.

PMID- 4067972
TI  - Changes in plasma solutes after food.
AB  - In experiments on 8 healthy young male volunteers, the ingestion of a large meal
      was found to cause plasma osmolality to rise from 288.8 +/- 0.8 (mean +/- s.e.
      mean) to 295.6 +/- 0.9 mmol/kg at 4 hours (P less than 0.001). There was an
      accompanying rise in plasma sodium (Na) from 141.9 +/- 0.8 to 144.6 +/- 0.8
      mmol/l, also at 4 hours (P less than 0.01), but little change in other plasma
      electrolytes. Serum total amino acids rose slightly, non-esterified fatty acid
      fell minimally and changes in blood glucose concentrations were unremarkable.
      Thirst was experienced at plasma osmolality of 294.8 +/- 0.7 mmol/kg. Repeating
      the experiment either without food, or with the salt content of the meal only,
      was without effect on plasma Na, other solutes or osmolality. Postprandial
      hypersomolality and hypernatraemia is probably due to movement of water from the
      vascular compartment to the gut, or into cells. Plasma osmolality is best
      measured in the fasting state.

PMID- 4067973
TI  - Factors affecting adenoidectomy for otitis media with effusion (glue ear).
AB  - One hundred and fifty-five children suffering bilateral otitis media with
      effusion (OME) and observed for three months have been followed postoperatively
      for twelve months. Surgery was randomly allocated into three groups:
      adenotonsillectomy; adenoidectomy; and no surgery. In all cases unilateral
      myringotomy and grommet insertion was performed. The contralateral unoperated ear
      was assessed subsequently for clearance of the effusion. Adenoidectomy produced
      resolution of the effusion in 31-45% of cases at one year, but tonsillectomy
      conferred no additional benefit. There was improved resolution in those with
      longer compared with shorter histories, and in older as opposed to younger
      children. Assessment of preoperative lateral cephalometric radiographs show
      improved resolution of the effusion following removal of larger, compared with
      smaller adenoids, but this effect was only demonstrable for three months. The
      effect of age was longer-lasting for up to one year postoperatively.

PMID- 4067974
TI  - Episodic postoperative oxygen desaturation: the value of added oxygen.
AB  - Six patients were studied following general anaesthesia for cholecystectomy or
      hip replacement. Intravenous morphine was given for postoperative pain relief.
      Continuous measurements were made of breathing pattern and arterial oxygen
      saturation for a 12-hour period postoperatively. The effect of breathing either
      air or 28% oxygen for alternate 2-hour periods was examined. There was no
      significant effect of oxygen on the number of periods of central apnoea,
      obstructive apnoea or partial upper airways obstruction. The number of episodes
      of decreases in oxygen saturation to below 80%, associated with these breathing
      disturbances, was reduced from 59 to zero by the administration of oxygen. There
      was a gradual improvement in oxygenation whilst breathing air during the 12-hour
      postoperative period. The administration of oxygen had a beneficial effect on
      average arterial oxygen saturation.

PMID- 4067975
TI  - Haemarthrosis aspiration in treatment of anterior dislocation of the shoulder.
AB  - The beneficial effect of haemarthrosis aspiration in 13 women and one man aged
      over 60 years following anterior dislocation of the shoulder was compared with
      non-aspiration in a similar group of patients matched for age and sex. The
      results showed a consistent reduction in pain, early increased range of movement
      and earlier return of functional activity in the aspirated group. It is proposed
      that this simple therapeutic procedure be used to aid rehabilitation in the over
      60 age group following anterior dislocation of the shoulder.

PMID- 4067976
TI  - Surgical treatment of adder bite.
AB  - Two cases of children who suffered adder bites and who developed severe local
      complications are reported. One required a split skin graft and the other a
      decompression fasciotomy.

PMID- 4067977
TI  - Disordered breathing during sleep: discussion paper.

PMID- 4067978
TI  - Cysts of the seminal vesicle are Mullerian in origin.

PMID- 4067979
TI  - Profound circulatory collapse due to azathioprine.

PMID- 4067980
TI  - Melaena caused by small bowel metastases of colorectal cancer in presence of
      anastomotic recurrence.

PMID- 4067981
TI  - Value of abdominal x-rays in the acute abdomen.

PMID- 4067982
TI  - Respiratory problems of sleep.

PMID- 4067984
TI  - N-(Phosphonoacetyl)amino phosphonates. Phosphonate analogues of N
      (phosphonoacetyl)-L-aspartic acid (PALA).
AB  - Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction of N-(chloroacetyl)amino phosphonic acids or their
      esters, followed by acidolysis, gives moderate yields of N-(phosphonoacetyl)
      derivatives of a variety of (aminoalkyl)phosphonic acids, including analogues of
      the cytostatic agent PALA, in which the alpha- or beta-carboxylic groups in the
      aspartate moiety are replaced by a PO3H2 function. Assay of cytostatic activity
      with human KB cell lines indicates that the substitution of any of the COOH
      groups in PALA with PO3H2 results in total loss of cytostatic activity. No
      activity was observed also in the case of other [N
      (phosphonoacetyl)amino]alkylphosphonic acids described in this report.

PMID- 4067983
TI  - Quantitative exfoliative cytology of normal oral squames: an age, site and sex
      related survey.
AB  - This study describes the development of quantitative cytological techniques and
      their application to oral smears. Nuclear and cell size has been measured and
      matched with age, sex and site in an attempt to produce a baseline for comparison
      with identical measurements carried out on pathological smears. The results
      displayed a significant variation in nuclear and cytoplasmic area between
      different sites. Nuclear size varied significantly with advancing age; however,
      this was not the case for cytoplasmic area. There was no significant variation in
      either criterion between males and females.

PMID- 4067985
TI  - 4-substituted 5-[m-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]primaquine analogues as potential
      antimalarial agents.
AB  - Five 4-substituted 5-[m-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]primaquine analogues were
      synthesized and tested for radical curative activity against Plasmodium cynomolgi
      in Rhesus monkeys and for blood schizonticidal antimalarial activity against
      Plasmodium berghei in mice. In addition, they were evaluated for causal
      prophylactic antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei yoelii in mice. One
      compound, 4-ethyl-5-[m-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]primaquine (2b), showed radical
      curative activity equivalent to 4-methyl-5-[m-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]primaquine
      (2a). A second compound showed radical curative activity slightly less than 2a
      and 2b; the remaining three compounds were not active against P. cynomolgi. All
      five compounds showed much higher blood schizonticidal activity and less toxicity
      than primaquine; however, none of the compounds were as active as 2a. Three of
      four compounds tested showed high activity against P. berghei yoelii.

PMID- 4067986
TI  - Potential antitumor agents. 44. Synthesis and antitumor activity of new classes
      of diacridines: importance of linker chain rigidity for DNA binding kinetics and
      biological activity.
AB  - Four classes of diacridines, joined at the 9-position by linker chains of varying
      length, rigidity, and polarity, were evaluated for DNA-binding properties and
      antitumor activity. Diacridines linked by flexible chains of varying polarity
      show relatively fast chromophore exchange kinetics among DNA binding sites but
      slower dissociation rates, suggesting the potential for considerable "creeping"
      of the drug along the helix, and are inactive in vivo. The exchange kinetics can
      be slowed dramatically by inclusion of positive charges in the side chain, but
      the resulting polycationic drugs are inactive in vivo, possibly due to poor
      distribution. Diacridines linked by a rigid, polar but neutral
      dicarbamoylpyrazole chain retain slow exchange kinetics, have a greatly reduced
      potential "creep rate", and possess good in vitro potency and significant in vivo
      antileukemic activity.

PMID- 4067987
TI  - Evaluation of the brain-specific delivery of radioiodinated (iodophenyl)alkyl
      substituted amines coupled to a dihydropyridine carrier.
AB  - To evaluate the potential usefulness of radioiodinated phenylamines attached to
      dihydropyridine carriers as a means of brain-specific delivery of
      radiopharmaceuticals, 1-methyl-3-[N-[beta- (4-[125I]iodophenyl)ethyl]carbamoyl]
      1,4-dihydropyridine ([125I]-9) and 1-methyl-3-[N-(4-[125I]iodophenyl)carbamoyl]
      1,4-dihydropyridine ([125I]-13) have been prepared by dithionite reduction of the
      corresponding pyridinium precursors, [125I]-8 and [125I]-12, respectively.
      Formation of 8 involved coupling of (p-aminophenyl)ethylamine with N-succinimidyl
      (1-methyl-3-pyridinio)formate iodide (4) followed by transformation to the
      corresponding N-piperidinyl- (6) or (diethylamino)- (7) triazines that were
      converted to 8 by treatment with HI. Alternatively, 12 was prepared by initial
      conversion of (4-amino-phenyl)mercuric acetate (10) to 4-iodoaniline (11) by
      treatment with I2 and then coupling with 4. The radioiodinated quaternary
      products, 8 and 12, showed low brain uptake and low brain to blood ratios,
      whereas the dihydropyridine analogues, 9 and 13, showed comparatively good brain
      uptake and good brain to blood ratios in rats. These data demonstrate that
      dihydropyridine-coupled radiopharmaceuticals can cross the blood-brain barrier
      and the technique may be useful for the measurement of cerebral blood perfusion.

PMID- 4067988
TI  - Synthesis and in vitro pharmacology of 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane analogues of
      thromboxane A2/PGH2.
AB  - A series of chemically stable TXA2/PGH2 analogues modeled after the structure of
      the natural products was prepared in search of useful inhibitors of TXA2/PGH2
      mediated pathophysiology. Each of the 16 isomers implied in structure 1 was
      prepared in chiral form and evaluated for activity in vitro in platelets and
      smooth muscle. Depending on relative side chain and carbinol stereochemistry,
      TXA2/PGH2 agonist and antagonist and, surprisingly, PGD2/PGI2 agonist activities
      were observed. The enantiomers possessing the alpha heterocycle shown in 1 were
      generally more potent than their mirror-image isomers.

PMID- 4067989
TI  - Hypolipidemic activity of indan-1,3-dione derivatives in rodents.
AB  - A series of 2-substituted indan-1,3-dione derivatives, including alkyl (C-1-C-5),
      mono- and disubstituted phenyl, and other 2-aryl derivatives, were tested for
      hypolipidemic activity of CF1 male mice at 20 mg/kg per day. These derivatives
      reduced both serum cholesterol and triglycerides after 16 days of administration
      intraperitoneally. 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)indan-1,3-dione was one of the more active
      compounds with 41% reduction of serum cholesterol and 58% reduction of serum
      triglyceride levels on day 16. This activity was confirmed in the rat after oral
      administration. 2-(2-Methylphenyl)- and 2-(4-chlorophenyl)indan-1,3-dione were
      effective in reducing serum triglyceride levels 58% and 53%, respectively, in
      mice. Serum cholesterol on day 16 was effectively reduced 46% by 2-(2,4
      dimethylphenyl)indan-1,3-dione. The indan-1,3-dione derivatives were more
      effective than clofibrate in lowering lipid levels in mice. A more detailed study
      on the effects of 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)indan-1,3-dione demonstrated that key
      enzymes in the de novo synthesis of lipids were inhibited by the drug lowering
      tissue levels of lipids but raising those in the feces. The alterations in lipid
      content of rat lipoprotein fractions by the drug appeared favorable.

PMID- 4067990
TI  - SAR studies in the field of calcium(II) antagonists. Effect of modifications at
      the tetrasubstituted carbon of verapamil-like compounds.
AB  - A number of fluorenyl and diphenylmethane analogues of verapamil, chosen as
      having the same substituents arranged in different ways around the quaternary
      carbon, were synthesized in order to evaluate the importance of the
      stereoisomerism at that point of the molecule. The compounds were tested with the
      Langendorff technique and coronary perfusion pressure (CPP), left ventricular
      pressure (LVP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded. While most of the compounds
      were almost inactive on these parameters, three of them did show interesting
      cardiovascular action. In particular they produced a more pronounced decrease in
      CPP than verapamil, with a less marked negative inotropic effect. Structure
      activity relationships and the mechanism of action of the compounds are
      discussed.

PMID- 4067991
TI  - Inhibitors of blood platelet aggregation. Effects of some 1,2-benzisothiazol-3
      ones on platelet responsiveness to adenosine diphosphate and collagen.
AB  - A series of substituted 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-ones was synthesized, and the
      compounds were tested for ability to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by
      adenosine diphosphate and collagen in rats and guinea pigs ex vivo. Alkyl
      substituents at the 2-position bearing a basic group were necessary for ex vivo
      activity. Several of the compounds were potent inhibitors of adenosine
      diphosphate induced first-phase aggregation, but adverse toxicological findings
      terminated their further development. Preliminary studies suggested that
      inhibition of aggregation was not attributable to inhibition of prostanoid
      synthesis or to raised levels of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate.

PMID- 4067992
TI  - Design and synthesis of new transition-state analogue inhibitors of aspartate
      transcarbamylase.
AB  - Six transition-state or bisubstrate analogue inhibitors (6-11) have been
      designed, synthesized, and tested against aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase).
      Several of these inhibitors, 7-9, were designed as analogues of N
      (phosphonoacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA, 5a) and incorporated a tetrahedral sulfur
      group (-S-, -SO-, -SO2-) alpha to a phosphonic acid moiety. Synthesis of 7-9 was
      accomplished with a new reagent, diethyl (mercaptomethyl)phosphonate (19). Thiol
      addition of 19 to diethyl itaconate or other olefins proves a new general
      synthetic route to (thiomethyl)-phosphonate analogues of acyl phosphates or
      diphosphate anhydrides. Analysis of the observed inhibition kinetics with ATCase
      and structural modeling studies indicate that increased steric size of the sulfur
      moieties in the sulfide 7, sulfoxide 8, sulfone 9, and sulfonamide 10 may cause
      these compounds to be less potent inhibitors of Escherichia coli ATCase than N
      (phosphonoacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA, 5a). The pKa of the carbonyl groups (or S
      analogue thereof) may be a key factor in determining the affinity of ATCase for
      inhibitor. The distance from the alpha-carbon to the phosphorus atom was judged
      to be a less important factor in determining the tightness of inhibitor binding
      since no significant change in the inhibition constant (Ki) occurred upon
      elimination of the alpha-methylene group in sulfide 7 to give sulfide 11. The
      ester analogue of PALA (5a), O-(phosphonoacetyl)-L-malic acid (6), exhibited a Ki
      of 2 X 10(-6) M.

PMID- 4067993
TI  - Antitrichomonal activity of mesoionic thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridines.
AB  - Screening of mesoionic compounds as potential electron acceptors by analogy with
      metronidazole led to the finding of in vitro antitrichomonal activity for anhydro
      2-phenyl-3-hydroxythiazolo [3,2-a]pyridinium hydroxide (1). In a series of
      analogues, potent in vitro activity was found to be associated with amino
      substitution; however, such activity was dependent on specific structural
      features and not on the reduction potential. The most active compounds showed
      only poor in vivo activity.

PMID- 4067994
TI  - 5-(Haloalkyl)-2'-deoxyuridines: a novel type of potent antiviral nucleoside
      analogue.
AB  - Syntheses of 5-(2-haloethyl)-2'-deoxyuridines, 5-(3-chloropropyl)-2'
      deoxyuridines, and 5-(2-chloroethyl)-2'-deoxycytidine are described. The
      antiviral activities of these compounds were determined in cell culture against
      herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. All compounds were shown to possess
      significant and selective antiviral activity. The most potent derivative, 5-(2
      chloroethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (CEDU), inhibited HSV-1 at concentrations below 0.1
      microgram/mL. It exerted measurable inhibitory effects on cell proliferation only
      at concentrations higher than 100 micrograms/mL. In vivo CEDU reduced the
      mortality rate of HSV-1-infected mice at concentrations lower than 5 mg/kg per
      day when given intraperitoneally and orally. Thus, it proved to be more effective
      in this in vivo model than the reference compounds (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'
      deoxyuridine (BVDU) and 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]guanine (ACV).

PMID- 4067996
TI  - Synthesis of 6-anilino-2-thiouracils and their inhibition of human placenta
      iodothyronine deiodinase.
AB  - Several 6-anilino-2-thiouracils were synthesized and tested for their ability to
      inhibit the inner-ring iodothyronine deiodinase from human placenta. The p-ethyl
      and p-n-butyl analogues were strongly inhibitory to the enzyme and were much more
      effective than the standard deiodinase inhibitor, 6-propyl-2-thiouracil. The
      degree of inhibition caused by 6-(p-n-butylanilino)-2-thiouracil was, moreover,
      unaffected by high concentrations of reducing agent in the enzyme assay. Attempts
      to prepare 3-alkyl derivatives via S-debenzylation of 2-benzylthio intermediates
      led to rearrangement to, for example, 3-methyl-5-benzyl-6-amino-2-thiouracil.
      This compound also strongly inhibited the deiodinase reaction. Preliminary
      results suggest that these compounds are useful to study in vitro and in vivo
      metabolism of thyroid hormones and may be clinically useful to enhance the
      availability of active thyroid hormones to certain organs.

PMID- 4067995
TI  - Synthesis and properties of bis(2,2-dimethylaziridinyl)phosphinic amides: a
      series of new antineoplastic agents.
AB  - In continuation of efforts to improve the antitumor selectivity of the 2,2
      dimethylaziridine class of alkylating agents, a series of N-substituted bis(2,2
      dimethyl-1-aziridinyl)phosphinic amides has been synthesized and evaluated. All
      of these compounds (3-15) were tested in vivo against leukemia P-388 in mice,
      where most of them caused significant increase of survival time at nontoxic dose
      levels. Some of the most active compounds were also tested against leukemia
      L1210, B16 melanoma, and colon 26 carcinoma; in the latter tests, the parent
      unsubstituted amide 3 appeared to show the highest antitumor activity. Since the
      dose-limiting toxicity of the clinically tested prototypes of this class of
      anticancer agents AB-132 (1) and AB-163 (2) had been found to be CNS toxicity
      attributable mainly to the inhibition of cholinesterase, the compounds were
      tested in vitro against the cholinesterases from horse serum, electric eel, and
      bovine erythrocytes, as well as in vivo for the inhibition of the cholinesterase
      present in the whole blood of mice. In all of these assays, the various members
      of the present series showed a wide range of anticholinesterase activities,
      ranging from almost zero (for 3) to even higher potency than that of the
      prototype 2. A similarly wide range of stability was observed toward hydrolytic
      ring opening of the 2,2-dimethylaziridine moieties. Several of the compounds,
      particularly 3, deserve further study.

PMID- 4067997
TI  - Synthesis and evaluation of potential radioligands for the progesterone receptor.
AB  - Several steroidal analogues were synthesized as potential gamma-emitting
      radioligands for the progesterone receptor. Each of these compounds was tested as
      an inhibitor of the specific binding of [3H]-17 alpha,21-dimethyl-19-nor-4,9
      pregnadiene-3,20-dione (R5020) to the progesterone receptor in rabbit uterine
      cytosol. R5020 is a well-known progestin with high affinity for the receptor. Of
      the compounds synthesized, aromatic N-substituted C-17 steroidal carboxamides
      inhibited the binding only poorly. Three compounds, 16 alpha-iodo-4-estren-17
      beta-ol-3-one, 17 alpha-[2(E)-iodovinyl]-4-estren-17 beta-ol-3-one, and 17 alpha
      [2(Z)-iodovinyl]-4-estren-17 beta-ol-3-one were excellent competitors, each
      having a Ki less than or equal to that of the natural progestin, progesterone.
      Since similar iodinated analogues of estrogens have been shown to be extremely
      stable both in vivo and in vitro, these compounds are potentially useful ligands
      for the progesterone receptor.

PMID- 4067998
TI  - New bicyclic antidepressant agent. Synthesis and activity of napactadine and
      related compounds.
AB  - A number of N,N'-dialkylarylamidines were synthesized and evaluated for
      antidepressant activity. Several of these compounds were synthesized from the
      corresponding nitriles by a new method. Slight structural modification in the
      series caused a marked change in biological activity and led to compounds as
      active as imipramine. The arylacetamidine, N,N'-dimethyl-2
      naphthaleneethanimidamide hydrochloride (33) (napactadine) was selected for
      clinical study. Forty-eight additional analogues of 33, including a number of N
      alkylamidines, were prepared.

PMID- 4067999
TI  - Novel bis[1,6-dihydro-6,6-dimethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines] as
      antitrypanosomal agents.
AB  - A series of novel 1,1'-(4,1-phenylene)bis [1,6-dihydro-6,6-dimethyl-1,3,5
      triazine-2,4-diamines] was prepared and evaluated for activity against
      Trypanosoma rhodesiense in mice. The importance of the bis structure and the
      nature of the spacer between the two phenyl rings for optimal activity have been
      revealed. The potent parenteral activity of several analogues within this series
      as well as preliminary indication of oral activity lends encouragement to further
      development of this structural class.

PMID- 4068000
TI  - 2-Fluoroformycin and 2-aminoformycin. Synthesis and biological activity.
AB  - Syntheses of 2-fluoroformycin [7-amino-5-fluoro-3-(beta-D
      ribofuranosyl)pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine] (2b) and 2-aminoformycin [5,7-diamino-3
      (beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine] (2c) are described. Cytotoxicity
      data are given for 2b and 2c alone as well as with added pentostatin. Kinetic
      parameters for adenosine deaminase are also provided. 2-Fluoroformycin, although
      a much poorer substrate for adenosine deaminase than formycin A, is not nearly as
      cytotoxic to cells in culture.

PMID- 4068001
TI  - Synthesis, characterization, and anorectic testing of the four stereoisomers of
      cyclo(histidylproline).
AB  - All four possible stereoisomers of cyclo(histidylproline) were individually
      synthesized, purified, and characterized. They were each tested for anorectic
      activity in rats with a free feeding paradigm over 24 h. Contrary to literature
      reports, none significantly reduced food intake at any time over the test period.

PMID- 4068002
TI  - Study on the inhibition of adenosine deaminase.
AB  - 4(R)-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-5-methyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylimidazole (10), which
      contains only the asymmetric alcohol center of the diazepinol ring of the
      adenosine deaminase inhibitor coformycin (12), is a much less potent inhibitor of
      the enzyme but still binds to the enzyme about as tightly as the normal
      substrate.

PMID- 4068003
TI  - 1,2-Dihydro-2-oxo-6-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid, analogues,
      and derivatives. A new class of oral hypoglycemic agents.
AB  - 1,2-Dihydro-2-oxo-6-(2-methylpropyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid was found to be a
      hypoglycemic agent but not to have the undesirable mechanism of action possessed
      by nicotinic acid. A series of 1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxylic acids with
      a substituent primarily at the 6-position was prepared by hydrolysis of the
      corresponding nitriles. The nitriles were prepared by reaction of the sodium
      enolate of the appropriate 3-substituted 3-oxopropionaldehyde with
      cyanoacetamide. The sodium enolates were synthesized from ethyl formate and the
      appropriate ketone and sodium or sodium hydride. The active 1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-3
      pyridinecarboxylic acids, listed in order of decreasing hypoglycemic potency, had
      the following substituents: 6-(2,2-dimethylpropyl), 6-(2,2-dimethylbutyl), 6-(1,1
      dimethylethyl), 6-(2-methylpropyl), 6-(1,1-dimethylpropyl), 1-methyl-6-(2
      methylpropyl), 6-hydrogen. The inactive compounds were those with 6-methyl, 6-(1
      methylethyl), 6-pentyl, 4-(2,2-dimethylpropyl), 6-(3-methylbutyl), 6-(1,1
      dimethylheptyl), 6-(2,2-dimethyloctyl), 6-(1-cyclobutylmethyl), and 1-methyl-6
      (2,2- dimethylpropyl) substituents. The corresponding alcohol, aldehyde,
      tetrazole, sodium salt, and ethyl ester of the most potent acid were also active
      compounds. The corresponding amide, decarboxyl compound, and 2-deoxo compound
      were inactive.

PMID- 4068004
TI  - Antiandrogenic activity of a series of des-A-steroid derivatives.
AB  - In the search for new antiandrogens, a number of des-A-steroids were prepared by
      condensation of Grignard reagents with lactone 3. From the resulting key
      intermediates 5, various structural modifications were performed such as the
      introduction of an additional unsaturation to afford dienones 8 and aromatic
      derivatives 10 or the introduction of an alkyl substituent mostly in position 10
      (11-13) but also in some cases in position 16 (22). In addition, 13-ethyl
      analogues were also prepared from lactone 4. The relative binding affinities
      (RBAs) for the androgen receptor of these compounds were determined under various
      conditions. Some compounds exhibit a capacity to interact with the receptor
      comparable to that of testosterone. One of the most potent compounds is 17beta
      hydroxy-des-A-androsta-9,11-dien-5-one (8b), RBA value 73% of that of
      testosterone. More interestingly, several compounds were found to have an
      antiandrogenic profile in vitro and in vivo. One of the most effective compounds
      is 10-ethyl-17beta-hydroxy-des-A-estra-9-en-5-one (5c), which exhibits a strong
      local antiandrogenic activity in hamsters, without any significant systemic
      antiandrogenic effects. The corresponding 17beta-acetyl derivative (RU 38882) has
      been selected for extended pharmacological studies.

PMID- 4068005
TI  - Dopamine receptor agonist activity of some 5-(2-aminoethyl)carbostyril
      derivatives.
AB  - The potency of beta-adrenoreceptor agonists, e.g., isoproterenol, is strikingly
      increased by substitution of the meta catecholic hydroxyl group with the NH group
      of a carbostyril system. To explore the possibility that comparable potency
      enhancement might occur upon similar modification of the catechol ring of
      dopamine, a series of 5-(2-aminoethyl)carbostyril derivatives was prepared and
      examined for D-1 and D-2 dopamine receptor-stimulating activity. Only the parent
      compound, 5-(2-aminoethyl)-8-hydroxycarbostyril (2), produced measurable
      activation of dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase (29% at a concentration of 10
      microM). Some of the compounds, however, did produce significant activity in
      tests, namely displacement of [3H]spiroperidol binding from bovine pituitary
      homogenate and an isolated perfused rabbit ear artery preparation, that measure
      interaction with D-2 receptors. Potency of the carbostyrils was enhanced by 8
      hydroxylation and by appropriate substitution of the amino group of the
      ethylamine side chain. The most potent member of the series was 8-hydroxy-5-[2
      [[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-n-propylamino]ethyl] carbostyril (16b). This compound
      was about 3 times more effective than dopamine in the D-2 receptor tests.
      Clearly, the results of this study indicate that potency of dopamine receptor
      agonists is not increased by carbostyril replacement of the m-hydroxyl as is
      noted with the beta-adrenergic receptor agonists.

PMID- 4068006
TI  - Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase, porcine pancreatic elastase, and
      chymotrypsin by elasnin and other 4-hydroxy-2-pyrones.
AB  - Elasnin and 15 related 4-hydroxy-2-pyrones have been assayed for in vitro
      inhibition of human leukocyte elastase, porcine pancreatic elastase, and bovine
      chymotrypsin. Inhibition constants for HL elastase range from 0.1 to 10 mM. The
      principal determinant of potency against the elastases is probably the
      substituent at position 3, which may account for the observed strong homology
      between the elastases in their inhibition by these compounds. Acetylation of the
      4-hydroxy group has no effect on inhibition. The inhibition is noncovalent; there
      is no evidence of enzyme acylation by these pyrones.

PMID- 4068007
TI  - Substituted benzamides with conformationally restricted side chains. 1.
      Quinolizidine derivatives as selective gastric prokinetic agents.
AB  - The gastric prokinetic action of metoclopramide may not be primarily due to its
      dopamine antagonist activity. The present aim was to obtain a selective gastric
      prokinetic agent lacking dopamine antagonist activity by conformationally
      restricting the side chain of metoclopramide. In a series of
      quinolizidinylbenzamides, only compounds with the benzamide moiety at position 2
      of the quinolizidine ring retain gastric activity. Of these 2-substituted
      compounds, the 2 alpha, 9a alpha isomer has potent selective gastric prokinetic
      activity with only weak dopamine antagonist properties. Spectroscopic data show
      that the quinolizidine ring preferentially adopts a trans chair-chair
      conformation with an axial benzamide moiety. However, energy calculations
      indicate that, at nondopaminergic receptors controlling gastric motility, an
      alternative cis chair-chair conformation with an equatorial benzamide moiety
      cannot be ruled out.

PMID- 4068008
TI  - Synthesis and LTD4 antagonist activity of 2-norleukotriene analogues.
AB  - A series of structural analogues of 4(R)-hydroxy-5(S)-cysteinylglycyl-6(Z)
      nonadecenoic acid [4R,5S,6Z)-2-nor-LTD1 (10b), SK&F 101132) has been synthesized
      and pharmacologically characterized. (4R,5S,6Z)-2-nor-LTD1 significantly
      antagonized LTD4-induced contractile responses on isolated guinea pig trachea.
      The cis double-bond geometry appears to be critical for antagonist activity,
      whereas the trans isomer 17 exhibited weak contractile activity. Replacement of
      the cysteinylglycyl moiety with cysteine afforded 20, which retained significant
      antagonist activity, while lengthening or shortening the lipid tail by five
      methylene groups resulted in complete loss of activity. The eicosanoid amide 15,
      glycinamide 14, and C-1 carbinol 18 analogues all possessed antagonist activity,
      whereas the diol derivative 19 exhibited increased intrinsic agonist activity.

PMID- 4068009
TI  - Acetoxy-substituted 1,1,2-triphenylbut-1-enes with antiestrogenic and mammary
      tumor inhibiting properties.
AB  - 1,1,2-Triphenylbut-1-enes (E- and Z-10-12), which are substituted with one p- and
      one m-acetoxy group in two different aromatic rings, were synthesized. The E and
      Z isomers were isolated, and their identity was established by 1H NMR
      spectroscopy. A study of the structure-activity relationship was carried out with
      regard to estradiol receptor affinity in vitro, estrogenic and antiestrogenic
      properties (mouse), inhibition of the hormone-dependent human MCF7 breast cancer
      cell line in vitro, and the hormone-dependent MXT mammary tumor of the mouse in
      vivo. Among the tested compounds, (E)- and (Z)-1-(3-acetoxyphenyl)-1-(4
      acetoxyphenyl)-2-phenylbut-1-enes+  ++ (E-10 and Z-10) and (Z)-1-(3
      acetoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-2-(4-acetoxyphenyl)-but-1-ene (Z-12) proved to be partial
      antiestrogens, which lead to an inhibition of the MCF7 cell line. They exert a
      growth-inhibiting activity on the hormone-dependent MXT mammary carcinoma of the
      mouse. In the case of E-10 and Z-10, this effect is only slightly weaker than
      that of 1,1-bis(4-acetoxyphenyl)-2-phenylbut-1-ene (13) and tamoxifen. Under the
      applied experimental conditions, there were no significant changes of uterine
      weight as an indicator of estrogenic side effects.

PMID- 4068010
TI  - New antihistaminic N-heterocyclic 4-piperidinamines. 1. Synthesis and
      antihistaminic activity of N-(4-piperidinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-amines.
AB  - The synthesis of a series N-(4-piperidinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-amines and the
      preliminary evaluation of their in vitro and in vivo antihistaminic activity are
      described. Cyclodesulfurization of (2-aminophenyl)thioureas with mercury(II)
      oxide resulted in 2-aminobenzimidazole intermediates, which were monoalkylated on
      the endo-nitrogen atom. After deprotection of the piperidine nitrogen atom with
      48% aqueous hydrobromic acid solution, the title compounds were obtained by three
      different methods, viz. alkylation, reductive amination, or oxirane ring-opening
      reactions. The in vivo antihistaminic activity was evaluated by the compound
      48/80 induced lethality test in rats and histamine-induced lethality test in
      guinea pigs after oral and/or subcutaneous administration. The duration of
      action, for a selected number of compounds, was studied in the guinea pig. The
      phenylethyl derivatives showed the most potent antihistamine properties after
      oral administration in both animal species.

PMID- 4068011
TI  - Racemic and optically active 1,3,3-trimethyl-4-phenyl-4-(propionyloxy)piperidine.
AB  - The preparation and resolution of 1,3,3-trimethyl-4-phenyl-4
      (propionyloxy)piperidine (5,3-methylprodine) are described, and the results of
      the antinociceptive activities of the products by hot-plate (mice) and tail
      withdrawal (rats) tests are shown to support proposals made from a recent
      analysis of the stereochemical structure-activity relationships of C-methyl
      derivatives of the reversed ester of meperidine. Data of absolute configuration
      were obtained by X-ray crystallography of a hydrobromide salt.

PMID- 4068012
TI  - 1-Benzylcyclopropylamine and 1-(phenylcyclopropyl)methylamine: an inactivator and
      a substrate of monoamine oxidase.
AB  - 1-Benzylcyclopropylamine (1) and 1-(phenylcyclopropyl)methylamine (2),
      cyclopropane analogues of phenethylamine, were tested as inactivators for
      monoamine oxidase (MAO). Compound 1 is a potent competitive reversible inhibitor
      of the oxidation of benzylamine and also is a mechanism-based inactivator. It
      requires 2.3 equiv of 1 to inactivate 1 equiv of MAO. The excess equivalents of 1
      are converted into benzyl vinyl ketone. A one-electron mechanism of inactivation
      is proposed. Compound 2 is a substrate for MAO and is converted into 1
      phenylcyclopropanecarboxaldehyde without inactivation of the enzyme. Mechanistic
      consequences are discussed as a result of this observation.

PMID- 4068013
TI  - Sulfur-interrupted 8-amino side chain analogues of 4-methyl-5-[m
      (trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]primaquine as potential antimalarial agents.
AB  - Two isomeric sulfur-interrupted 8-amino side chain analogues of 4-methyl-5-[m
      (trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]primaquine (2) were prepared and tested for antimalarial
      activity. The compounds were evaluated for blood schizonticidal activity against
      Plasmodium berghei in mice and radical curative activity against Plasmodium
      cynomolgi in rhesus monkeys. In addition, they were evaluated for causal
      prophylactic activity against Plasmodium berghei yoelii in mice. Both compounds
      were more active and less toxic than primaquine in the P. berghei screen. One of
      the compounds showed radical curative activity similar to primaquine but was less
      active than 2. One of the compounds was active at 160 mg/kg in the P. berghei
      yoelii screen; the other was not active.

PMID- 4068014
TI  - Clinical practice of medical school faculties: an AAMC survey of problems and
      issues.
AB  - This study reports the results of a survey by the Association of American Medical
      Colleges (AAMC) to identify the salient problems and issues regarding medical
      school faculty clinical practice in the views of faculty members and
      administrators in academic medical centers. The population surveyed consisted of
      university vice-presidents for health affairs, teaching hospital directors, and
      medical school deans, department chairmen, and faculty representatives. A content
      analysis of the narrative responses revealed that the apportionment of faculty
      time to create the appropriate institutional balance among teaching, research,
      and service missions was the most frequently mentioned concern. Other dominant
      themes included threats to the patient base needed for teaching and research
      and/or to future income posed by the new competitive and reimbursement
      environment and changes required in modes of faculty practice to respond to the
      new environment. The latter included the need for organizing practice activities
      into a "true group practice," a change that would accommodate growing demands of
      purchasers for integrated systems of care. Hospital directors were particularly
      concerned with issues of faculty-hospital relationships. Results of the survey
      provide an agenda for a recently formed AAMC ad hoc Committee on Faculty
      Practice, which will propose initiatives by the AAMC to assist its member
      institutions in responding to the issues raised.

PMID- 4068015
TI  - Predictive validity of the MCAT for students with two sets of scores.
AB  - Addressed in the study reported here is the question of which set of scores for
      those students who retake the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) yields a
      better predictive validity. The sample was comprised of 304 students who retook
      the MCAT prior to entering Jefferson Medical College between 1978 and 1981. Five
      sets of MCAT scores were considered as predictors in the study: earlier, later,
      higher, and lower sets of MCAT scores and the average of the earlier and later
      scores for each MCAT subtest. Twenty-five criteria were used, including grades
      earned in the freshman and sophomore years and scores on the subtests of Part I
      and Part II of the examinations of the National Board of Medical Examiners.
      Correlational techniques, such as bivariate and multiple correlation analyses and
      canonical correlation followed by redundancy analysis were utilized. The
      magnitude of redundancy indices indicated that the set of MCAT scores in which
      the earlier and later scores were averaged was the best predictor, followed by
      the earlier, lower, higher, and later sets of MCAT scores. The implications of
      these findings for the admissions process and for validity studies are discussed.

PMID- 4068016
TI  - Clinical competencies of graduating medical students.
AB  - In a survey conducted by the authors, the goals of medical school curricula
      regarding the clinical competencies of graduating students were explored.
      Inventories listing 83 clinical skills were sent to 123 U.S. medical schools and
      to 462 volunteer clinical faculty members at the University of Utah School of
      Medicine. The responding medical schools singled out 43 clinical skills as
      definite goals of their curricula, and the practicing physicians identified 49
      clinical skills in which graduating medical students should be competent. The
      study provided an easy mechanism to compare the clinical expectations of
      practicing physicians and of medical schools regarding medical students.

PMID- 4068017
TI  - Measuring physicians' performances by using simulated patients.
AB  - The authors in this paper discuss a new approach to the assessment of physicians'
      performances in practice using undetected standardized (simulated) patients. Case
      specific performance criteria were established for seven standardized patients by
      eight family physicians and two specialists. The patients were then introduced
      into the practices of the family physicians and of a second cohort of seven
      family physicians. No differences were found between the criteria-setting and the
      noncriteria-setting physicians; but large differences were found among the
      criteria, the physicians' performances as indicated by the patient, and the data
      recorded by the physicians on the patient chart. Depending on the method used to
      score the performance and the recorded data, about 30 to 45 percent of the
      procedures were not performed, and 50 to 70 percent of the criteria were not
      recorded. The implications of the study for assessment of physician performance
      are discussed.

PMID- 4068018
TI  - Job stress, psychological health, and social support of family practice
      residents.
AB  - Seventy-nine family practice residents were studied to test the hypotheses that
      the level of job stress and the level, source, and type of social support affect
      residents' psychological health. Self-report data were collected on measures of
      job stress, life stress, social support provided by three sources (supervisors,
      coworkers, and people outside work), and psychological health symptoms. Analysis
      of variance showed that high levels of job stress and/or low levels of social
      support were associated with a high number of reported symptoms of psychological
      distress. Low levels of problem-solving and of emotional support from people at
      and outside work also were associated with a high number of reported symptoms.
      The author concludes that residents who perceive high job stress and/or low
      social support should be identified early in their residencies so that assistance
      can be provided.

PMID- 4068019
TI  - Changes in death education in U.S. medical schools during 1975-1985.

PMID- 4068020
TI  - A practical method to enhance fairness of clerkship ratings.

PMID- 4068021
TI  - Faculty practice in academic centers.

PMID- 4068023
TI  - Proceedings of the Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 151st
      meeting. Cardiff, 3-5 July 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4068022
TI  - Wanted: chairpersons.

PMID- 4068024
TI  - Role of the fungal cell wall in the granulomatous response of mice to the agents
      of chromomycosis.
AB  - Mice were given, intraperitoneally, inocula of a cell-wall preparation and
      fractions thereof from Fonsecaea pedrosoi, F. compactum, Cladosporium carrioni
      and Phialophora verrucosum. Large doses of cell-wall preparation, with or without
      trypsin treatment, produced a pronounced loss of body weight, a granulomatous
      reaction and, sometimes, death. After extraction of the cell wall preparation
      with 1N NaOH, three fractions were obtained: an alkali-insoluble fraction 1; an
      alkali-soluble acid-insoluble fraction 2; and an alkali- and acid-soluble
      fraction 3. Intravenous administration showed that only fraction 1 induced a
      granulomatous reaction and death in mice.

PMID- 4068025
TI  - Histopathological changes in the hind foot of the mouse induced by black
      pigmented Bacteroides strains.
AB  - The pathogenic potential of black-pigmented Bacteroides strains was studied in an
      animal model in which the effect on bone tissue could be determined. Bacteria
      suspended in agar were injected subcutaneously in the left hind paw of a mouse.
      After 3-5 days, B. gingivalis strain HG 66 had caused a massive infiltration with
      polymorphonuclear cells, destruction of the periosteum on the metatarsals and
      bone resorption by osteoclasts. After 7 days only a few osteoclasts remained and
      reactive bone formation was observed. In a comparative study with strains of
      several black-pigmented Bacteroides species, differences in bone resorbing
      potential were seen. B. gingivalis strains caused severe inflammation which
      resulted in bone resorption. Strains of B. asaccharolyticus, B. endodontalis, B.
      intermedius, B. melaninogenicus and B. loeschei caused less inflammation and less
      bone resorption. Killed bacteria or agar alone caused a relatively mild
      inflammation and no bone resorption.

PMID- 4068026
TI  - Evaluation of subdermal biodegradable implants incorporating rifampicin as a
      method of drug delivery in experimental tuberculosis of guinea pigs.
AB  - Conventional chemotherapy of tuberculosis and leprosy requires rifampicin to be
      administered orally. The long period of treatment and adverse side effects of the
      drug lead to poor compliance. To overcome this, subdermal implants incorporating
      rifampicin in pure and micro-encapsulated forms with biodegradable material were
      used as a new drug delivery system in experimental tuberculosis of guinea pigs.
      Two experiments were performed with 45-mg and 100-mg drug implants. Progress of
      infection was followed at intervals by studying necropsy scores and weights of
      the organs of predilection and levels of the drug in the blood were determined.
      There was a constant and sustained release of the drug in therapeutic
      concentrations for 30 and 50 days until the implants were completely assimilated
      without causing any damage to the implant site. The importance of multiple
      implants at long intervals is discussed.

PMID- 4068027
TI  - Virus transmission by subcutaneous jet injection.
AB  - An animal model was used to establish the risk of transmitting a virus infection
      by subcutaneous jet injection. Virus transmission was studied with mice
      chronically infected with LDH virus. The virus infection was transmitted by
      subcutaneous jet injection in 16 cases out of 49. Other routes of cross-infection
      were ruled out. Before using the jet injector as a harmless instrument for mass
      subcutaneous injection, further experiments on the risks of virus transmission
      should be performed.

PMID- 4068028
TI  - Identification of nuclease-positive staphylococci isolated from animals.
AB  - The nuclease-neutralisation test was evaluated as a means of identifying nuclease
      positive staphylococci isolated from different animals. The test identified 510
      of 520 strains (98%) of staphylococci characterised by biochemical testing.

PMID- 4068029
TI  - Affinity purified anti-cardiolipin and anti-DNA antibodies.
AB  - Recent studies have raised questions concerning the specificity of
      anticardiolipin antibodies and their relationship to anti-DNA antibodies, the
      lupus anticoagulant, the biological false positive test for syphilis, and reagin,
      the antibody detected in syphilis. In an attempt to answer some of these
      questions, 3 IgG and 2 IgM affinity purified anticardiolipin antibodies, as well
      as 3 affinity purified anti-DNA antibodies were studied. Affinity purified anti
      cardiolipin antibodies showed high binding to negatively charged phospholipids
      but not to ssDNA by solid phase radioimmunoassay. On the other hand, affinity
      purified anti-DNA antibodies did not bind cardiolipin. Inhibition experiments
      showed that negatively charged phospholipids and VDRL liposomes inhibited the
      binding of anticardiolipin antibodies to phosphatidylserine, but ssDNA, alpha
      glycerol phosphate and hyaluronic acid did not. Similar studies of sera from
      patients with high anticardiolipin antibody levels supported the results obtained
      with affinity purified anticardiolipin antibodies. These results suggest that
      anticardiolipin antibodies bind negatively charged phospholipids and there
      appears to be little crossreactivity with DNA or unrelated negatively charged
      polymers such as hyaluronic acid. Both the negatively charged phosphodiester
      group and glyceride portions of the phospholipid molecules appear important for
      their antigenicity. Four of the 5 affinity purified anti-cardiolipin antibodies
      had lupus anticoagulant activity providing further evidence to suggest that these
      2 groups of antibodies have the same or very similar specificities. Studies of
      sera from 3 patients with syphilis showed that VDRL liposomes inhibited reagin
      activity to a greater extent than did cardiolipin. On the other hand, in patients
      with autoimmune disorders, cardiolipin inhibited anticardiolipin antibody
      activity to a greater extent than did VDRL liposomes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4068030
TI  - The detection of IgG anti-hepatocyte antibodies by ELISA in sera of patients with
      chronic active hepatitis: correlation with disease activity.
AB  - Anti-hepatocyte membrane IgG antibodies were detected in serial dilutions of sera
      from patients with chronic active hepatitis using an enzyme linked immunosorbent
      assay with isolated rat hepatocytes as the antigenic substrate. The assay is
      rapid, reliable and reproducible. Antibodies to hepatocyte membrane antigens were
      detected in 24 out of 31 (77%) patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis.
      Four of these patients were negative in a 1/10 dilution but became positive on
      progressive dilution. In 12 patients, liver biopsy was performed at the same time
      as serum was obtained. In these patients, the titre of antibodies to hepatocyte
      membrane antigen correlated significantly with the overall biopsy score of
      disease activity and particularly with the degree of portal tract infiltration.
      In 2 patients followed serially, titres of anti-hepatocyte membrane antibodies
      fell progressively in parallel with clinical, biochemical and histological
      evidence of improvement in the liver disease. The estimation of titres of
      antibodies to hepatocyte membrane antigens using isolated rat hepatocytes as the
      antigenic substrate may assist in the diagnosis, assessment of disease activity
      and follow-up of individual patients with chronic active hepatitis.

PMID- 4068031
TI  - Natural killer cells in coeliac disease.
AB  - Lymphoma is a well recognized but unexplained complication of coeliac disease.
      Natural killer (NK) cells are a distinct population of lymphocytes with the
      capacity to lyse some tumour cell-lines in vitro and there is evidence that they
      may play a role in immune surveillance and protection against the development of
      malignancy. Using a monoclonal antibody (Leu 11b) and a functional assay, we have
      measured NK cell numbers and activity in 32 patients with treated coeliac disease
      (9 of whom had evidence of hyposplenism), 10 splenectomized subjects, 14
      biopsied, control patients and 26 normal subjects. The proportions (mean +/- SD)
      of Leu 11b + cells in normals (17 +/- 5%) and coeliac patients (19 +/- 7%) were
      similar. NK activity in all the coeliac patients (34 +/- 15%) was not
      significantly different from normal (31 +/- 15%) and control (26 +/- 15%)
      subjects. NK activity was correlated with % Leu 11b + cells (r = 0.64; p less
      than 0.01). The NK activity in patients with hyposplenism associated with coeliac
      disease (32 +/- 18%) and after splenectomy (29 +/- 15%) was similar to that in
      normals. We conclude that the increased risk of malignancy in patients with
      coeliac disease is not due to deficient NK cell numbers or activity.

PMID- 4068032
TI  - Clinical application of a radio-immunoassay for auto-antibodies to glomerular
      basement membrane.
AB  - We describe a sensitive radio-immunoassay for auto-antibodies to glomerular
      basement membrane (GBM). The assay discriminates patients with glomerulonephritis
      associated with circulating auto-antibodies to glomerular basement membrane from
      those with other forms of nephritis. Monitoring of antibody levels in sequential
      serial serum samples enables drug therapy to be tailored precisely to control the
      aberrant immune response, a situation unique in the management of
      glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 4068033
TI  - XXX annual conference, the Association of Physiologists and Pharmacologists of
      India. Bambolin (Goa). Abstracts.

PMID- 4068034
TI  - Discrimination shift learning and response inhibition of moderately and severely
      mentally retarded and non-retarded children.
AB  - Simple two-choice discrimination shift learning performances of 20 moderately and
      severely mentally retarded children were compared with those of 20 non-retarded
      ones. A learning task arranged with a pair of yellow circle and green triangle
      slides was used. No difference was found between mentally retarded and non
      retarded children in the learning rate of initial discrimination, but the
      mentally retarded attained shift discrimination more slowly than the non
      retarded. Also, the extinction of initial positive responses in mentally retarded
      children was slower than in non-retarded children. It was suggested that the
      difficulty of discrimination shift in severely subnormal children is due to
      failure to suppress a previously learned response to prior positive cues.

PMID- 4068035
TI  - Modification of children's speech as a function of the perceived intellectual
      capacity of the listener.
AB  - In the context of an adapted referential communication task the speech of 40
      children aged 8-10 years was examined under the listener conditions of speech to
      a younger child and to a retarded child of the same sex and similar chronological
      age, relative to initial speech to a peer. Modification, as indexed by an
      increase in quantity of speech and in semantic coherence was observed in speech
      to a retarded listener but not to a younger listener, suggesting that the
      intellectually handicapped children were perceived as being less competent
      listeners. The effect is interpreted as a result of an active integration
      programme in a particular school setting and is seen to offer promise for the
      limited integration of the mildly disabled.

PMID- 4068036
TI  - Biological and behavioural assessments of young rhesus monkeys after intrauterine
      exposure to high phenylalanine concentrations.
AB  - Nineteen pregnant Macaca mulatta were fed a special diet throughout the
      gestational period in an attempt to render them hyperphenylalaninaemic. Group C
      (control group) received a regular diet, group Lo was given a 'low' phenylalanine
      diet, group Me a 'median' phenylalanine diet, and group Hi a 'high' phenylalanine
      diet. Nearly all monkeys had an uncomplicated pregnancy and an uneventful
      delivery. Biological measurements were obtained shortly after the birth of the
      infants and behavioural assessments were done when the offspring were between 6
      and 18 months of age. The results of the biological and behavioural evaluations
      revealed that there was no statistically significant difference among the
      respective study groups. We concluded that a combination of factors inherent in
      an imperfect animal model may account for the negative results of this study.

PMID- 4068037
TI  - Discriminant analysis of dermatoglyphic sole and palm patterns in Danish cri du
      chat probands and normal controls.
AB  - Dermatoglyphic sole and palm patterns were studied in Danish cri du chat probands
      and in two control groups in order to estimate the diagnostic usefulness of the
      patterns. A linear discriminant function was developed based on three sole
      variables (I, III, IV) and four palm patterns (I, axial triradius, simian lines
      and IV + IVU + IVD), respectively. The palm patterns gave a better separation
      than the sole patterns. Only one of the 31 probands was not classified correctly
      from both sole and palm patterns. Dermatoglyphic analysis may therefore be of
      some diagnostic use along with other clinical features in cases with suspicion of
      the cri du chat syndrome.

PMID- 4068038
TI  - On the role of the purine nucleotide cycle in the isolated working rat heart.
AB  - The purine nucleotide cycle catalyzes the net reaction: aspartate + GTP + H2O---
      fumarate + NH3 + GFDP + Pi and leads to regeneration of AMP. In skeletal muscle
      the cycle's rate of operation increases several fold in response to a
      corresponding increase in work load, which results in a net increase in citric
      acid cycle intermediates and in release of ammonia. The same may be expected in
      heart muscle which, like skeletal muscle, possesses the enzymes of the purine
      nucleotide cycle. Isolated working rat hearts were therefore perfused for 45 min
      at low or high work load (0.16 v. 0.42 kg m/min/g dry wt) with glucose (5 mM) as
      substrate. Release of ammonia into the perfusate as well as the tissue content of
      citric acid cycle intermediates (citrate, isocitrate, 2-oxoglutarate, malate, and
      oxaloacetate), amino acids (aspartate, glutamate and glutamine), adenine
      nucleotides and phosphocreatine were measured in freeze-clamped tissue. There was
      no significant change in the sum of the citric acid cycle intermediates (1.295 v.
      1.313 mumol/g dry wt), in aspartate (13.21 v. 14.32 mumol/g dry wt), in glutamate
      (15.58 v. 15.67 mumol/g dry wt), ATP (19.60 v. 19.17 mumol/g dry wt), ADP (5.00
      v. 4.11 mumol/g dry wt), AMP (1.45 v. 1.01 mumol/g dry wt) and phosphocreatine
      (22.58 v. 25.80 mumol/g dry wt) when low and high work load were compared.
      Ammonia release was 26 mumol/h/g dry wt and 22 mumol/h/g dry wt at low and high
      work load respectively. The results suggest that in rat heart the activity of the
      purine nucleotide cycle does not increase with an increase in work load.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4068039
TI  - Oxygen-mediated myocardial damage during ischaemia and reperfusion: role of the
      cellular defences against oxygen toxicity.
AB  - The possibility that myocardial ischaemia alters the defence mechanisms against
      oxygen toxicity has been investigated. Ischaemia was induced in isolated,
      perfused rabbit hearts by reducing coronary flow from 25 ml/min to 1 ml/min for
      90 min. Two different degrees of ischaemic damage have been achieved using either
      spontaneously beating or electrically stimulated hearts. The effects of post
      ischaemic reperfusion were also followed for 30 min. Tissue activity of
      superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase and reductase (GPD and GRD)
      have been determined together with tissue content of reduced and oxidized
      glutathione (GSH and GSSG) and of protein SH groups. The changes in myocardial
      ATP and CP content and release of CPK and of GSH and GSSG were also determined.
      Systolic and diastolic pressures were continuously monitored. In the
      spontaneously beating hearts ischaemia induced a reduction of tissue GSH and
      protein SH groups. On reperfusion there was a recovery of mechanical function, a
      transient release of GSH into the coronary effluent and an increase of tissue
      GSH. In the paced hearts, ischaemia resulted in 50% reduction of mitochondrial
      SOD activity together with a reduction of tissue GSH and protein SH groups.
      Reperfusion induced a massive release of CPK and of GSH and GSSG, a further
      reduction of tissue GSH concomitant with an increase of GSSG and no recovery of
      mechanical function. GPD and GRD activity were not affected by ischaemia and
      reperfusion. These data indicate that severe ischaemia induces a reduction of the
      protective mechanisms against oxygen toxicity.

PMID- 4068040
TI  - The calcium paradox phenomenon: a flow rate and volume response study of calcium
      free perfusion.
AB  - A dose-response study concerning the importance of the flow rate (0.5 to 12
      ml/min) and volume (2.5 to 60 ml) of calcium-free coronary perfusion (duration 5
      min) in the induction of a calcium paradox on reperfusion (duration 15 min) with
      calcium-containing medium has been performed in the isolated rat heart (37
      degrees C). On the basis of enzymatic, physiological, and metabolic assessments
      three different levels of tissue injury were identified: a minimal paradox at 1.0
      ml/min or 5 ml, a subtotal paradox at 2 ml/min or 10 ml and a total paradox at 9
      ml/min or 45 ml. Ultrastructural examination revealed that cellular injury
      following calcium repletion was always severe, and that an increase in the flow
      rate and volume of calcium-free perfusion increased the number of severely
      injured cells. During calcium-free perfusion the external lamina largely remained
      intact over the surface coat of the sarcolemma, but variable degrees of
      separation of intercalated discs were observed. It is concluded that the calcium
      paradox model of myocardial injury presents a rather sharp threshold related to
      the flow rate or volume of calcium-free coronary perfusion and that on
      trespassing this threshold there is a narrow zone characterized by a decreasing
      number of viable cells. Furthermore, the study indicates that a separation of the
      external lamina from the surface coat of the sarcolemma is not a prerequisite for
      the induction of a calcium paradox, and that cell injury may occur in the
      presence of intact intercalated discs.

PMID- 4068041
TI  - Lipid accumulation in the myocardium during acute regional ischaemia in cats.
AB  - Accumulation of lipid material in the myocardium was studied in cat hearts with
      acute regional ischaemia of 3 h duration. The fractional volume of lipid droplets
      in cytosol was analysed by electron microscopy of myocardial biopsies using a
      quantitative stereologic technique. Ischaemic and normally perfused myocardium
      were identified by fluoresceine injection, and tissue blood flow measurements
      were performed with labelled microspheres. In normal myocardium only small
      amounts of lipid droplets were found. A marked accumulation of lipid droplets
      occurred in borderline tissue between the two types of myocardium, whereas lipid
      accumulation in ischaemic myocardium was less pronounced. The arterial
      concentration of nonesterified fatty acids was clearly increased during the 3 h
      coronary artery occlusion period. Increased triglyceride synthesis from arterial
      fatty acids, or redistribution of intracellular lipids, are suggested as possible
      explanations for lipid accumulation during acute myocardial ischaemia.

PMID- 4068042
TI  - Pediatric sexology and hermaphroditism.
AB  - Lacking an empirically based theory of erotosexual development and health in
      childhood, pediatrics too easily falls back on reductionistic hypotheses of the
      nature versus nurture type. A new, three-term paradigm, namely, nature/critical
      period/nurture, is needed to explain, for example, the phenomenology of
      hermaphroditism, and the differentiation of gender-identity/role (G-I/R) in
      individual cases. In 30 young women with a history of the early-treated, 46,XX
      congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia (CVAH) syndrome, 37% (N = 11) had a
      history of bisexual imagery or practice, as compared with 7% in the control
      patients (chi 2 = 17.7; p less than .001); and 5 of these 11 rated themselves as
      exclusively or predominantly lesbian. In Kinsey's sample, 15% of females reported
      homoerotic imagery by age 20, and 2 out of 3 of them also had homoerotic partner
      contact. The CVAH finding may be a function of prenatal and/or neonatal brain
      androgenization, but other variables, such as the history of juvenile erotosexual
      rehearsal play, cannot be ruled out. Among adolescents with a history of
      hermaphroditism, sex-reassignment applications are honored predominantly if they
      are made by 46,XY hermaphrodites assigned neonatally as girls and with
      nonfeminizing hormonal puberty, as medical and folk traditions both favor
      approval of such applicants more than others. Parthenogenic whiptail lizards that
      alternately simulate the male and female mating behavior of related diecious
      species provide an animal model that demonstrates the existence of both male and
      female sexual schemas in the same brain. In human beings, the irreducible sex
      differences are that males impregnate, and females menstruate, gestate, and
      lactate. Otherwise, sexual dimorphism that is programmed into the brain under the
      influence of prenatal hormones appears to be not sex-irreducible, but sex-shared
      and threshold-dimorphic. A complete theory of the differentiation of all the
      constituents of masculinity or femininity of G-I/R needs to be both multivariate
      and sequential in type. It must be applicable to all of the syndromes of
      hermaphroditism, and to the genesis of all the G-I/R phenomena, including
      transvestism and transsexualism, as well as to the genesis of a heterosexual G
      I/R.

PMID- 4068043
TI  - Enhancing marital sexuality: an evaluation of a program for the sexual enrichment
      of normal couples.
AB  - The popular but little researched sexual enrichment program developed by
      LoPiccolo and Miller was modified and the revised Enhancing Marital Sexuality
      (EMS) program was evaluated using the Sexual Interaction Inventory (SII) and the
      Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). A pretest-posttest-follow-up control group design
      was used to assess the effectiveness of EMS in improving couples' sexual and
      marital satisfaction. Thirty-four couples were randomly assigned (with
      replacements) to either the no-treatment control condition or the 11-hour EMS
      program. Results indicated extensive short-term improvements in sexual
      satisfaction for both sexes and some short-term gains in marital satisfaction for
      couples. At 3-month follow-up, improvement was sustained on SII scales of
      perceptual accuracy for both sexes, and on self-acceptance and pleasure scales
      for females. No marital satisfaction gains were evident at follow-up. It was
      concluded that long-term sexual satisfaction gains, especially for females,
      justify the continued use and refinement of the EMS program. Findings also
      indicated that marital satisfaction may be too broad a category to be affected by
      educational training with as specific a focus as sexual enhancement. Suggestions
      are made for further research.

PMID- 4068044
TI  - Diabetes and female sexuality: a comparative study of women in relationships.
AB  - Limited information is available about the effect of diabetes on female
      sexuality. Fifty diabetic women were compared to 50 matched controls on
      cognitive, psychological, interpersonal and sexual dimensions. Although the
      pattern of response was similar, the diabetic women scored consistently lower
      than controls on the Derogatis Sexual Function Inventory and the Locke-Wallace
      Marriage Inventory. The cumulative effect of these small differences resulted in
      a significantly more deficient global level of psychosexual functioning and less
      satisfaction with their relationship. In contrast, the diabetic women had
      relatively little impairment in their sexual responses. Sexual desire, however,
      was significantly lower. Although a decrease in lubrication was reported, its
      adequacy for coitus was not perceived differently by the two groups. Further
      research should clarify the contribution of demographic variables as well as
      clinical characteristics, such as type of diabetes, on observed differences in
      the sexuality of female diabetics and controls.

PMID- 4068045
TI  - Sex and marital intimacy.
AB  - The quality of sex and marital intimacy may be related to each other in ways
      which are not clearly understood. Some theorists have suggested that they vary
      positively with each other. Others have suggested an independent relationship.
      Two hundred and fifty couples in the community completed the Waring Intimacy
      Questionnaire (WIQ). Included in the WIQ is a qualitative assessment of sexual
      communication and fulfillment in the marriage. Weak positive correlations between
      sex and total intimacy were found for both husbands (r = .41) and wives (r =
      .39). A principal components factor analysis revealed separate factor structures
      for husbands' and wives' data. For the women, a single factor (intimacy) included
      strong loadings from all facets of intimacy defined. Their degree of sexual
      fulfillment was included in this factor. For husbands, on the other hand, a
      second factor (sexuality) accounted for 12.7% of the variance. These results
      suggest that discrepancies between previous studies may be a function of clinical
      populations being investigated, or an effect of averaging husbands' and wives'
      data. The results are discussed in terms of their clinical implications.

PMID- 4068046
TI  - Use and misuse of behavioral homework exercises in sex therapy.
AB  - This paper examines uses of sexual exercises and their role in effecting changes
      in attitudes, behaviors, and feelings. In reaction to the charge that exercises
      are overly mechanistic, clinicians now underutilize exercises and/or give only
      general suggestions. The common errors of nonspecificity, use as a cookbook,
      quick abandonment, and setting performance criterion are discussed. The use of
      semistructured, written exercises which function as in vivo desensitization,
      facilitate development of verbal and stimulation skills, and provide a positive
      model of sexuality are most efficacious. A case example illustrating the multiple
      therapeutic benefits of exercises is presented.

PMID- 4068047
TI  - Effects of penile implant surgery on ejaculation and orgasm.
AB  - Thirty-five patients who had received a penile implant were interviewed to assess
      their pre- and postsurgical ejaculatory and orgasmic experience. Prior to
      surgery, most men were able to experience ejaculation (71%) and orgasm (80%) even
      though erectile capability was impaired or lost completely. The implantation of a
      prosthetic device did not interfere with ejaculation or orgasmic functioning. Two
      patients who lost their ejaculatory functioning following surgery did so because
      of advances in their illnesses. Five men who had been non-orgasmic earlier
      reported having orgasm after surgery. In these cases of psychogenic orgasmic
      dysfunction, the penile prosthesis helped overcome the psychological barriers to
      this function.

PMID- 4068048
TI  - Steroid hormone-receptor activity in the presence of a mycotoxic phomopsin toxin
      and the sesquiterpene ivalin toxin.
AB  - The influences of two toxins, phomopsin and ivalin, which are reported to exhibit
      carcinogenic and antitumor activities, respectively, were studied on steroid
      hormone receptor binding. A mycotoxic carcinogenic fraction A (phomopsin) was
      isolated from Phomopsis leptostromiformis. The antitumor sesquiterpene lactone
      ivalin was obtained from the "vomiting bush" Geigeria. Competitive binding
      analyses were conducted with radiolabeled steroid ligands and unlabeled toxins.
      No effect of these toxins was observed on either the binding capacity or on the
      rate of steroid association of [3H]-estradiol-17 beta, [3H]promegestone (R5020),
      and [3H]dexamethasone to their respective receptors in cytosol of human breast
      cancer and rat liver. The concentrations of phomopsin and ivalin varied between
      0.85 nM to 14 micron in the competitive binding assays. These data suggest the
      carcinogenic and antitumor activities of these toxins do not involve association
      with steroid hormone receptors.

PMID- 4068049
TI  - Lung injury in guinea pigs caused by multiple exposures to submicron zinc oxide
      mixed with sulfur dioxide in a humidified furnace.
AB  - Sulfur dioxide, water vapor, and ultrafine particles rich in oxides of zinc and
      other surface-deposited trace elements are important products of coal combustion.
      In order to study the toxicity of zinc oxide generated under conditions
      simulating combustion, guinea pigs were exposed in a nose-only apparatus for 3 h
      on 6 consecutive days to 6 mg/m3 of submicron zinc oxide particles (count median
      diameter of 0.05 micron, sigma g 2.0), which were generated in a humid furnace
      and mixed with 1 ppm sulfur dioxide. The exposures caused increases in lung
      weight and [3H] thymidine labeling index of terminal bronchiolar cell nuclei and
      inflammation of the proximal portion of the alveolar duct. The lung weights and
      labeling index had returned to normal and inflammatory changes had nearly
      resolved by 72 h after the last exposure. Total lung capacity, vital capacity,
      functional residual volume, alveolar volume, and diffusing capacity for carbon
      monoxide were decreased following exposure and had not returned to normal by 72 h
      after the last exposure. Large airways were not affected by the repeated
      exposures, as indicated by normal morphology of trachea and bronchi, unchanged
      secretory cell concentration, and unaltered epithelial permeability to
      horseradish peroxidase. These results are essentially identical to changes we
      reported in guinea pigs exposed to zinc oxide alone, suggesting that surface
      deposited sulfur compounds, which are important determinants of the response to a
      single exposure to these ultrafine particles, become less important as exposure
      progresses.

PMID- 4068050
TI  - An in vitro system for exposure of lung cells to gases: effects of ozone on rat
      macrophages.
AB  - A test system was developed for the in vitro exposure of lung cells to gases. The
      exposure system was used to evaluate ozone (O3) injury to pulmonary alveolar
      macrophages (PAM) obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats by bronchopulmonary lavage.
      Ozone exposures were conducted within temperature-controlled stainless-steel and
      Plexiglas chambers that contained glass petri dishes affixed to a revolving,
      inclined platform. Cell exposures were accomplished by rotation of the platform
      at 1 rpm to alternately expose PAM monolayers to culture media and O3. The system
      provided stable, O3-containing atmospheres and permitted simultaneous in vitro
      exposures at three O3 concentrations. In vitro exposure of PAM monolayers for 2 h
      at chamber concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 6.1 ppm O3 was associated with a
      significant, concentration-related reduction of latex-bead phagocytosis in
      rotated PAM cultures. In contrast, PAM that were similarly exposed in nonrotated
      dishes placed horizontally and covered with a stationary layer of media (1.5 mm
      depth) were not affected. Other parameters of cell function, including PAM
      viability and adherence, were unchanged compared to unexposed or horizontal,
      nonrotated controls. The inability to observe adverse effects among the
      nonrotated cultures is consistent with the impaired diffusion of O3 through the
      comparatively thick media overlay in stationary cultures. The in vitro system
      provides a realistic simulation of lung cell exposure to O3 and represents a
      useful model to study the toxicity of gases on cultured cells.

PMID- 4068051
TI  - Influence of phomopsin and ivalin on steroid-hormone binding and growth of MCF-7
      human breast cancer cells.
AB  - Ivalin is a plant alkaloid that inhibits the induction of tumors in animals.
      Phomopsin is a mycotoxin known to be carcinogenic. To determine if these
      compounds influence endocrine responsiveness, their effect on steroid receptors
      was measured. Neither of these toxins had a direct effect on either the binding
      capacity or the rate of steroid association of [3H]estradiol-17 beta, [3H]R5020,
      or [3H]dexamethasone to their respective receptors in cytosol of human breast
      cancer and rat liver. However, steroid receptor levels of MCF-7 cells, grown in
      tissue culture, were altered by ivalin and phomopsin. Ivalin at 10(-6) M
      depressed estrogen receptor levels, while glucocorticoid receptor levels were
      increased. At 10(-6) M, phomopsin was inhibitory of both progestin and
      glucocorticoid binding capacities. Data obtained from the proliferation of MCF-7
      cells indicated that ivalin and phomopsin at 10(-6) M decreased the number of
      cells grown in tissue culture. Phomopsin exhibited an inhibitory effect on both
      [3H]thymidine and [3H]glycine incorporation, while ivalin stimulated [3H]glycine
      incorporation.

PMID- 4068052
TI  - Renal cortical mercury distribution following dithiothreitol administration.
AB  - Previous studies from this laboratory have indicated that dithiothreitol (DTT)
      administration (31 mg DTT/kg, i.p.) 1 h after mercuric chloride injection (3
      mg/kg, i.v.) results in partial reversal of Hg-induced renal toxicity without
      altering total renal mercury deposition. Studies were performed, therefore, to
      determine if DTT administration altered the renal delivery, excretion, and/or, in
      particular, subcellular distribution of mercury in a way that may explain the
      observed phenomenon. Analysis of mercury partitioning between red cells and
      plasma revealed no difference in relative distribution when Hg- or Hg + DTT
      treated groups were compared. However, absolute mercury concentration in both
      whole blood and plasma of Hg + DTT-treated rats was significantly higher than in
      the Hg-treated group. Total urinary excretion of mercury was significantly less
      in Hg + DTT-treated rats than in rats treated with mercury alone. The subcellular
      distribution of mercury in the particulate and supernatant fractions of renal
      cortical homogenates from Hg-treated and Hg + DTT-treated rats was similar.
      Fractionation of the supernatant on G-75 Sephadex gel revealed no difference in
      the protein profiles between the Hg- and Hg + DTT-treated groups. It is concluded
      that DTT administration ameliorates the nephrotoxic effect of prior mercury
      injection by a more subtle mechanism than redistribution of renal cortical
      mercury.

PMID- 4068053
TI  - The effects of dietary calcium on lead absorption, distribution, and elimination
      kinetics in rats.
AB  - A pharmacokinetic analysis of lead absorption, distribution, and elimination was
      conducted in rats maintained on calcium-deficient, control, and calcium
      supplemented diets. Dietary calcium affected lead disposition in a number of
      ways. Systemic lead clearance after a 10-mg/kg intracardiac lead dose was
      approximately 25% lower than control in rats administered dietary calcium
      supplements. Intestinal absorption of 10 mg/kg po lead doses was not affected by
      the calcium supplements. In rats maintained on a calcium-deficient diet, systemic
      lead clearance was estimated to be 40% less than control. The apparent volume of
      lead distribution was increased. The apparent systemic availability of 1-, 10-,
      and 100-mg/kg oral lead doses was three- to fourfold greater than control in
      calcium-deficient rats. The percentage absorption was dose-dependent in control
      and calcium-deficient rats. The observed changes in lead absorption and systemic
      clearance associated with the calcium-deficient diet represent synergistic
      effects that could elevate blood lead accumulation and thus potentially influence
      susceptibility to lead toxicity.

PMID- 4068054
TI  - In vivo percutaneous absorption and decontamination of pesticides in humans.
AB  - Regulators today face complex problems in assessing the health hazards associated
      with the use of pesticides. Pesticide exposure occurs at manufacturing,
      application, work area, and consumption situations, and in the air, water, and
      soil of our daily lives. The skin is the largest organ of the body and thus has
      become a major environmental port for pesticides to enter the body. In this
      paper, we review the principles of percutaneous absorption--the rate and extent
      that chemicals enter the body through the skin--using data currently available
      for pesticides.

PMID- 4068055
TI  - Acute toxicity, subchronic dermal toxicity, and delayed contact sensitization
      evaluations of dicyclopentenyloxyethyl methacrylate in rabbits and guinea pigs.
AB  - The subchronic dermal toxicity of dicyclopentenyloxethyl methacrylate (DPOMA) was
      evaluated in young adult New Zealand White rabbits, and its potential to produce
      delayed contact sensitization was evaluated in Harley guinea pigs by a modified
      Buehler's closed patch technique. In addition, studies were conducted to evaluate
      the acute systemic toxicity of DPOMA in rats (oral) and rabbits (dermal), and its
      eye and skin irritancy in rabbits. In the subchronic dermal toxicity study, 4
      groups of rabbits were treated percutaneously with DPOMA at 0 (acetone), 10, 107,
      and 1067 (undiluted) mg/kg X day in a volume of 1 ml/kg, over a 4-wk period. The
      application sites were unoccluded. No deaths occurred, and no signs of systemic
      toxicity were observed. No treatment-related effects were seen on body weights,
      hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, organ weights, or histopathology
      (except the treated skin). The only treatment-related effect was slight to
      moderate skin irritation in the mid- and high-dose groups. The severity of skin
      irritaton was dependent on the number of applications and the concentration of
      DPOMA. Maximal skin irritation occurred after 1 wk. No skin irritation was seen
      in the control and low-dose group. In the DCS study, guinea pigs received 6
      induction doses of 0.5 ml 100% DPOMA and were challenged with 0.5 ml of 50% (w/v)
      DPOMA in acetone 2 wk after the last induction treatment. No erythema or edema
      was observed in any of the challenged guinea pigs in either the treated and
      control groups. These acute toxicity studies indicate that DPOMA is practically
      nontoxic by a single exposure via both oral and dermal routes (the oral LD50 in
      rat and dermal LD50 in rabbits were greater than 5.0 g/kg body weight), slightly
      irritating to the skin, and inconsequentially irritating to the eyes. The no
      observed-effect level (NOEL) for systemic toxicity of DPOMA applied repeatedly to
      rabbits skin is at least 1067 mg/kg X d. DPOMA is not a strong or moderate skin
      sensitizer in guinea pigs.

PMID- 4068056
TI  - Dermal oncogenicity bioassays of monofunctional and multifunctional acrylates and
      acrylate-based oligomers.
AB  - Several important components of photocurable coatings were studied for dermal
      tumorigenic activity by repeated application to the skin of mice. The substances
      tested were 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) and methylcarbamoyloxyethyl acrylate
      (MCEA) (monomers); neopentyl glycol diacrylate (NPGDA), esterdiol-204-diacrylate
      (EDDA), and pentaerythritol tri(tetra)acrylate (PETA) (cross-linkers); and three
      acrylated urethane oligomers. For each bioassay, 40 C3H/HeJ male mice were dosed
      3 times weekly on the dorsal skin for their lifetime with the highest dose of the
      test agent that caused no local irritation or reduction in body weight gain. Two
      negative control groups received acetone (diluent) only. A positive control group
      received 0.2% methylcholanthrene (MC). NPGDA and EHA had significant tumorigenic
      activity with tumor yields of eight and six tumor-bearing mice (three and two
      malignancies), respectively. The MC group had 34 mice with carcinomas and 1
      additional mouse with a papilloma. MCEA had no dermal tumorigenic activity but
      resulted in early mortality. No skin tumors in the treatment area were observed
      in the other groups. Additional studies will be necessary to elucidate possible
      relationships between structure and tumorigenic activity for the acrylates.

PMID- 4068057
TI  - Antifertility and mutagenic effects in mice from parenteral administration of di
      2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP).
AB  - The subcutaneous administration of 1-10 mg of undiluted di-(2
      ethylhexyl)phthalate di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) to adult male ICR mice on
      d 1, 5, and 10 was followed by mating, one to one, with untreated adult virgin
      females. A single mating at d 21 resulted in a reduction in the incidence of
      pregnancies in the DEHP-treated groups. On the other hand, repeated matings with
      fresh females starting on d 2, 6, 11, 16, and 21, and at weekly intervals through
      8 wk, revealed no perceptible effect of DEHP on the incidence of pregnancy.
      Examination of surgically exposed uteri and ovaries of pregnant females on d 13
      of gestation revealed an increase in the incidence of preimplantation losses and
      early fetal deaths in the DEHP-treated groups; consequently, there were fewer
      viable fetuses per pregnancy. Mutagenic indices for DEHP, calculated as percent
      ratios of (1) preimplantation losses/implantations per pregnancy and (2) early
      fetal deaths/implantations per pregnancy, suggested a dominant lethal mutation
      effect in the treated mice. These effects tend to be more pronounced on the
      postmiotic stage of germ-cell development.

PMID- 4068059
TI  - Transforming potency of flavoring agents in Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - To investigate the transforming potency of flavoring agents, Chinese hamster (CH)
      B241 cells were treated with various concentrations of flavoring agents for 24
      hours during their exponential growth period. Surviving cells were cultivated for
      generations without the agents to observe the appearance of growth properties
      characteristic of transformed cells. Highly increased rates of structural and
      numerical chromosome abnormalities were seen in the cells treated with a high
      concentration of the agents, especially with allylisothiocyanate (AITC) or tr
      cinnamic aldehyde (CA). During subsequent passages of the treated cells, the
      survivors from treatment with sublethal doses of AITC or CA showed a significant
      increase in cloning efficiency in soft agar medium, especially after passage in
      soft agar. Also noted was an increase in saturation density in monolayer culture,
      though a significant increase in plating efficiency at low serum level was not
      observed. These characteristic changes in AITC- or CA-treated cells were
      associated with the significant increase in frequencies of cells containing
      almost 3n to 4n chromosomes.

PMID- 4068058
TI  - Pattern of neurotoxicity of n-hexane, methyl n-butyl ketone, 2,5-hexanediol, and
      2,5-hexanedione alone and in combination with O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl
      phenylphosphonothioate in hens.
AB  - This investigation was designed to study the neurotoxicity produced in hens by
      the aliphatic hexacarbons n-hexane, methyl n-butyl ketone (MnBK), 2,5-hexanediol
      (2,5-HDOH), and 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) following daily dermal application of
      each chemical alone and in combination with O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl
      phenylphosphonothioate (EPN). Dermal application was carried out on the
      unprotected back of the neck. To assess whether the joint neurotoxic action of
      various chemicals is caused by the enhancement of absorption through the skin or
      by interaction at the molecular level, two additional experiments were performed.
      In the first experiment, EPN was dissolved in each of the aliphatic hydrocarbons
      prior to their topical application. In the second experiment, EPN was dissolved
      in acetone and applied at a different location from that of the aliphatic
      hexacarbons. Dermal application was carried out for 90 d followed by a 30-d
      observation period. The results show that hens treated with EPN developed severe
      ataxia followed by improvement during the observation period; n-hexane produced
      leg weakness with subsequent recovery, whereas the same dose of MnBK, 2,5-HDOH,
      or 2,5-HD produced clinical signs of neurotoxicity characterized by gross ataxia;
      concurrent dermal application of EPN with n-hexane or 2,5-HDOH at the same site
      or at different sites produced an additive neurotoxic action; simultaneous dermal
      application of EPN and MnBK at different sites resulted in an additive effect,
      whereas it caused potentiation when applied at the same site; and concurrent
      topical application of EPN and 2,5-HD produced a potentiating neurotoxic effect.
      While no histopathologic lesion was produced at the end of the observation period
      when any test chemical was applied alone, binary treatments of EPN and aliphatic
      hexacarbons resulted in histopathologic changes in some hens, with morphology and
      distribution characteristic of EPN neurotoxicity. The joint potentiating or
      additive action of aliphatic hexacarbons on EPN neurotoxicity was: 2,5-HD greater
      than MnBK greater than 2,5-HDOH greater than n-hexane. The mechanism of this
      joint action seems to be related both to enhancing skin absorption of EPN and/or
      its metabolic activation by n-hexane and its related chemicals.

PMID- 4068061
TI  - [Study on toxicity of halopredone acetate. (II). Subacute toxicity study in
      rats].
AB  - Halopredone acetate (THS-201), a synthetic corticosteroid, is expected to be used
      clinically for intra-articular injection because of its long-lasting activity in
      the synovial bursa. Subacute toxicity study was carried out on THS-201 by using
      Jcl: Wistar rats. THS-201 was subcutaneously administered to the rat in doses of
      0.1, 0.5, 2.5 and 12.5 mg/kg/day, with the periods for administration and
      recovery being 3 and 2 months, respectively. Methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) was
      used for the positive control in dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day. In the group of THS-201
      12.5 mg/kg, the below findings were observed: thinning of lumbar hair, swelling
      of injection site, suppression in body weight gain and decrease of food
      consumption. The lesions to lymphatic system were indicated by the examinations
      of peripheral blood, autopsy and histopathology. Slight changes in erythrocytic
      and biochemical values were seen, and foreign body granuloma was observed in
      injected subcutis. These findings, exception for lesion of injection site, were
      almost recovered after the 2 month-recovery period. In the group of THS-201 2.5
      mg/kg, some of the changes were noted slightly. In the groups of THS-201 0.5 and
      0.1 mg/kg, any toxic changes attributable to THS-201 were not observed. On the
      other hand, in the group of MPA 0.5 mg/kg, similar findings noted in THS-201 12.5
      mg/kg group were observed, but these changes were recovered almost completely at
      the end of the 2 month-recovery period. It was concluded that the non-toxic dose
      and the defined toxic dose of THS-201 in this study were 0.5 and 2.5 mg/kg/day,
      respectively.

PMID- 4068060
TI  - [Study on toxicity of halopredone acetate. (I) Acute toxicity study in mice and
      rats].
AB  - Since halopredone acetate (THS-201), a synthetic corticosteroid, is expected to
      be used clinically for intra-articular injections because of its long-lasting
      activity in the synovial bursa, its acute toxicity was compared with that of
      triamsinolone acetonide (TA) and methylprednisolone acetate (MPA). The test
      animals were Jcl: ICR mice and Jcl: Wistar rats, and drugs were administered
      orally, intraperitoneally and subcutaneously. The LD50 values of THS-201 both in
      mice and rats were estimated more than 5000 mg/kg at each route, and these are
      for above larger than those of TA or MPA. Moreover, in oral and subcutaneous
      administration of THS-201, no severe toxic signs were observed either in mice or
      in rats. In intraperitoneal injection, a few of mice and rats died after showing
      several clinical signs and suppression of body weight gain, and their autopsy
      revealed atrophy of thymus, spleen and adrenal, induction of infection and
      hemorrhage in digestive tract. On the other hand, the mice and rats administered
      TA or MPA revealed the severe toxic signs such as loss of hair gloss, marked
      emaciation, decrease in spontaneous movement, anemia, bloated face, decrease or
      suppression of body weight gain, atrophy of thymus, spleen and adrenal, severe
      induction of infection and lesions in digestive tracts. Accordingly, it is
      concluded that the acute toxicity of THS-201 in mice and rats was lower than that
      of TA or MPA.

PMID- 4068063
TI  - [Fertility study on halopredone acetate in rats].
AB  - A fertility study of halopredone acetate (THS-201), a synthetic corticosteroid,
      was carried out using Jcl: Wistar rats. Male rats were treated subcutaneously for
      63 days before mating and throughout mating, and female rats were treated
      subcutaneously for 14 days before mating and until day 7 of gestation, in doses
      of 0.04, 0.2, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg/day. Male and female rats in the same dose were
      mated. All of the pregnant rats were killed on day 20 of gestation and their
      fetuses were examined morphologically. The results obtained from the present
      study were as follows. A decrease in body weight gain was observed in male rats
      of 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg groups, compared to the vehicle control group. In female
      rats of 5.0 mg/kg group, a decrease in body weight gain during gestation period
      was observed. However, no influences attributable to THS 201 administration were
      observed on the fertility and fetal development. These results indicated that the
      non-effect dose of THS-201 for the fertility of rats and fetal development was
      5.0 mg/kg/day.

PMID- 4068062
TI  - [Study on toxicity of halopredone acetate. (III). Chronic toxicity study in
      rats].
AB  - Chronic toxicity study of halopredone acetate (THS-201), a synthetic
      corticosteroid, was carried out using Jcl: Wistar rats. THS-201 was
      subcutaneously administered to the rat in doses of 0.02, 0.1, 0.5 and 2.5
      mg/kg/day, with the periods for administration and recovery being 12 and 2
      months, respectively. In the group of THS-201 2.5 mg/kg, the below findings were
      observed: thinning of lumbar hair, suppression in body weight gain, decrease of
      food consumption in both sexes and decrease of water consumption in male. The
      lesions to lymphatic system were indicated by the examinations of hemogram, organ
      weight and histopathology. A few changes in urinary and biochemical values were
      seen, and foreign body granuloma was observed in the injected subcutis. After 2
      month-recovery period, above-mentioned findings almost disappeared. In the group
      of THS-201 0.5 mg/kg, some of the changes were noted slightly and disappeared
      after the recovery period. In the groups of THS-201 0.1 and 0.02 mg/kg, any toxic
      changes attributable to THS-201 were not observed. It was concluded that the non
      toxic dose and the defined toxic dose of THS-201 in this study were 0.1 and 0.5
      mg/kg/day, respectively.

PMID- 4068064
TI  - [Teratogenicity study on halopredone acetate in rats].
AB  - A teratogenicity study of halopredone acetate (THS-201), a synthetic
      corticosteroid, was carried out using Jcl: Wistar rats. Pregnant rats were
      treated subcutaneously in doses of 0.1, 0.5, 2.5 and 12.5 mg/kg/day, from day 7
      to day 17 of gestation. Two-thirds of pregnant rats were killed on day 20 of
      gestation to examine the development of fetuses, and remaining rats were allowed
      to litter naturally in order to investigate the postnatal development of
      offspring. The results obtained from the present study were as follows. During
      the gestation and lactation periods, there occurred a decrease in the maternal
      body weight gain in 2.5 and 12.5 mg/kg groups. No influences of THS-201
      administration were observed on gestation, delivery and lactation of dams. No
      external, visceral and skeletal anomalies attributable to THS-201 were observed
      in the fetuses. THS-201 administration did not have any influences on viability
      and development, various functions such as reflex response, learning and
      reproductive performance of F1 generation, and further on development of F2
      generation. Therefore, it was concluded that the non-effect dose of THS-201 for
      the reproduction of dams and development of F1 generation was 12.5 mg/kg/day.

PMID- 4068065
TI  - The effects of naloxone on glucose uptake and metabolism in the isolated perfused
      hindlimb of the rat.
AB  - Naloxone, an opiate antagonist, is reported to reverse hypotension and to improve
      survival in hemorrhaged and septic animals. We have found recently that naloxone
      also blunts the hyperglycemic response to hemorrhage. This could result from a
      naloxone-induced diminution of the hypotensive stimulus to hyperglycemia, from a
      naloxone-induced diminution of hormonal secretion or action, from a naloxone
      mediated decrease in glucose production, or from a direct action of naloxone on
      glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and other peripheral tissues. In order to
      examine the direct effect of naloxone on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, male
      Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused in a standardized isolated perfused hindlimb
      system with or without naloxone (0.5 microgram/ml of perfusate). No insulin was
      added to the perfusate. Glucose uptake in animals treated with naloxone was 30.2%
      greater than that of control animals (p less than 0.05). This increase was not
      dependent on insulin. Although no significant differences were noted in the
      individual products of glucose utilization, the total tissue glucose that could
      be accounted for by these intermediates was increased in naloxone-treated
      hindlimbs (p less than 0.05). Thus the increase in glucose uptake by skeletal
      muscle noted in these experiments may explain, in part, the blunted hyperglycemic
      response to hemorrhage that occurs after naloxone administration. These results
      also suggest the possibility that endogenous opiates may be important in
      regulating glucose metabolism after hemorrhage.

PMID- 4068066
TI  - The metabolic cost of breathing in critical surgical patients.
AB  - Twenty ventilator-dependent patients, 14 male and six female, age 47.9 +/- 14,
      status post polytrauma (14), emergency surgery (three), and coronary artery
      bypass (three) were evaluated to compare measured energy expenditure (MEE)
      between the intermittent mandatory ventilation mode (IMV) and assist mode
      ventilation (AMV) utilizing indirect calorimetry. The MEE was then compared to
      the predicted basal energy expenditure (PEE) utilizing the Harris-Benedict
      equation (HBE) and appropriate correction factors dependent on disease and injury
      status (mean 1.65 +/- 0.24). The mean oxygen consumption (VO2) (IMV) was 347.5 +/
      54.6 ml/min; (VO2) (AMV) was 307.1 +/- 51.4 ml/min (p less than 0.001). The mean
      MEE (IMV) was 2,380 +/- 369 kcal/day; MEE (AMV) was 2,128 +/- 342 kcal/day (p
      less than 0.05). The mean predicted energy expenditure (PEE) was 2,731 +/- 416
      kcal/day. The IMV mode required 11.6% more pulmonary work when compared to AMV
      (VO2 IMV - VO2 AMV). The PEE overestimated caloric needs in ventilator-dependent
      patients by 12.8% on IMV and 22.1% on AMV. The MEE (IMV) required 10.7% more
      energy than MEE (AMV). Assist mode ventilation resulted in decreased work of
      breathing and decreased energy expenditure, and the (HBE) inaccurately predicted
      caloric needs in ventilator dependent patients.

PMID- 4068067
TI  - Frozen section technique to evaluate early burn wound biopsy: a comparison with
      the rapid section technique.
AB  - The importance of early diagnosis and treatment of burn wound infection has
      prompted many efforts to use frozen section technique for processing burn wound
      biopsies, most of which have been unsuccessful. A frozen section technique which
      facilitates quick, reliable evaluation of biopsies was developed, and has been
      used in the evaluation of 169 biopsies over a period of 18 months. The frozen
      section technique takes 30 minutes compared with 4 hours for the rapid section
      method. Comparison of diagnoses made using both methods for each of the 169
      biopsies produced a 96% coincidence. Each discrepant diagnosis was corrected by
      the rapid technique approximately 3 1/2 hours after the frozen section diagnosis.
      The frozen section technique is a generally accurate and rapid means of assessing
      the microbial status of a burn wound and diagnosing invasive infection. Permanent
      sections produced by rapid section technique should always be examined to confirm
      the frozen section diagnosis.

PMID- 4068068
TI  - Burns and adjustment to injury: do psychological coping strategies help?
AB  - The effects of teaching patients strategies for coping with the pain of an acute
      burn injury and its treatment were investigated. Twenty patients with comparable
      burn injuries and admitted to a Burn Center were randomly assigned to either a
      control or experimental group. Experimental patients received systematic
      instruction on how to cope with the pain and stress of burn injury; control
      patients received standard information and social support only. Results showed
      that experimental patients reported less pain and greater sense of psychological
      well-being and control over the outcome of their injuries than did control
      patients. Moreover, experimental patients went home, on the average, more than 1
      week sooner than did control patients. The implications of these findings for the
      improved care of patients with burn injuries and the economics of burn care are
      discussed.

PMID- 4068069
TI  - Experimental Bacteroides fragilis bacteremia in a primate model: evidence that
      Bacteroides fragilis does not promote the septic shock syndrome.
AB  - Experimental Bacteroides fragilis bacteremia was studied in subhuman primates.
      Following intravenous infusion of viable B. fragilis there was an exponential
      clearance of organisms from the bloodstream. The major clearance organ was the
      liver, which accumulated 68.2% of the total inoculum. The most efficient
      clearance was exhibited by the spleen, with uptake of 1.16% gm tissue.
      Hemodynamic studies revealed no significant changes in heart rate, mean arterial
      pressure, or cardiac output following B. fragilis infusion. Complement activity
      as measured by CH50, alternative pathway hemolytic activity, granulocyte
      aggregometry, C4, C3, properdin, and Factor B levels were similarly unaffected by
      infusion of B. fragilis. In contrast, profound hemodynamic changes and a
      consistent decrease in complement activity was noted after challenge with S.
      minnesota. The results of this study suggest that B. fragilis bacteremia has a
      minor role in producing the acute hemodynamic changes associated with the septic
      shock syndrome.

PMID- 4068070
TI  - Another chance: a non-seatbelt related fracture of the lumbar spine.
AB  - A previously undescribed upper lumbar spine fracture configuration is reviewed in
      three patients. These flexion/distraction injuries were not associated with
      seatbelt use. The anterior vertebral body underwent significant compression. The
      distraction component created a horizontal fracture through the pedicles and
      lamina, with avulsion of the spinous process of the adjacent cephalad vertebra.

PMID- 4068072
TI  - Importunate fractures.
AB  - The treatment of compound fractures has been discussed extensively in the
      literature. Little has been written, however, about the closed fracture that
      compounds in the hospital environment. This paper discusses three cases of
      importunate fracture, with skin breakdown and exposed fracture fragments, and
      their treatment with tobramycin beads (and in two cases, external fixateurs).

PMID- 4068071
TI  - Closed Kuntscher nailing of humeral shaft fractures.
AB  - Eighteen acute humeral shaft fractures were managed with closed Kuntscher
      nailing. Six were pathologic fractures. Stability, pain relief, and evidence of
      early fracture healing were achieved. Twelve fractures were stabilized because of
      multiple trauma and/or inadequate closed reduction: 11 of these healed within 3
      months, and only one delayed union occurred. The most frequent complication was a
      decreased range of motion in the shoulder, which improved with rehabilitation.
      Despite reports of high complication rates, we have found that intramedullary
      fixation of the humerus can be used in selected patients with good results.

PMID- 4068073
TI  - Delayed pneumonia after aspiration of 'dashboard' fragment.
AB  - We report a patient who aspirated a fragment of plastic/foam rubber after a motor
      vehicle accident. Pneumonia with granuloma formation became apparent only 4
      months after the accident. After removal of the fragment, revealed in the left
      lower lobe by fiberoptic bronchoscopy, the patient recovered.

PMID- 4068074
TI  - Famine in Africa: are there any solutions?

PMID- 4068075
TI  - Ethiopian plants with proven and suspected molluscicidal activity: a new approach
      in plant evaluation.
AB  - Using available information on the toxicity, phytochemistry, ethnomedical uses
      and geographic distribution of plants, potentially suitable species are
      identified for the control of intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia's
      lowlands where endod (Phytolacca dodecandra) is not available. Of 46 species with
      moderate to high snail-killing potency, 35 are indigenous to Ethiopia. They
      include 12 plant species with molluscicidal levels similar to those of endod,
      four of which are particularly suitable for snail control because of their low
      mammalian toxicity. Another 127 species indigenous to Ethiopia belong to genera
      with proven molluscicidal activity. The model for plant screening used here
      permits preliminary assessment of the suitability of plant resources in a given
      region or locality for snail control programs using existing data, without prior
      testing of local plants, making this approach appropriate for many developing
      countries.

PMID- 4068076
TI  - Molluscicidal properties of Acacia nilotica subspecies tomentosa and astringens
      I.
AB  - The acetone, alcohol and aqueous extracts of the fruits and stem bark of Acacia
      nilotica subspp. tomentosa, astringens and nilotica showed molluscicidal activity
      against the two snail species which transmit schistosomiasis in the Sudan. Being
      effective against Bulinus truncatus and Biomphalaria pfeifferi, extracts of the
      Acacia nilotica subspecies may be promising vegetable molluscicides.

PMID- 4068077
TI  - Molluscicidal properties of Acacia nilotica subspecies tomentosa and astringens
      II.
AB  - A screening programme of plants rich in plant phenolic tannins for molluscicidal
      activity against the snail species Bulinus truncatus and Biomphalaria pfeifferi
      is now under way. The spray-dried powders of the pods and stem bark of Acacia
      nilotica subspp. nilotica, tomentosa and astringens prove to be promising
      vegetable molluscicides.

PMID- 4068078
TI  - An unusual case of chronic tongue ulceration.
AB  - We report a case of chronic tongue ulceration caused by a systemic fungal
      infection rarely encountered in the United Kingdom--histoplasmosis.

PMID- 4068079
TI  - Lactation amenorrhoea: an important present-day component of family planning
      programmes.

PMID- 4068080
TI  - Fundal height measurement as an antenatal screening method.

PMID- 4068081
TI  - Does health intervention ameliorate the effects of poverty related diseases? II.
      The role of female literacy.

PMID- 4068082
TI  - Clinical profile of rheumatic fever: a study of 168 cases.

PMID- 4068083
TI  - Determinants of child health status--a study in rural Karnataka (India).

PMID- 4068084
TI  - An approach to evaluating the quality of primary health care in rural clinics in
      Ghana.

PMID- 4068085
TI  - Management of BCG adenitis in infancy.

PMID- 4068086
TI  - Primary subglottic carcinoma masquerading clinically as T1 glottic carcinoma--a
      report of nine cases.
AB  - In a clinical and pathological study of patients who had failed radiotherapy for
      T1 glottic carcinoma, nine patients were encountered who presented with
      hoarseness, and were considered clinically to have glottic carcinoma at an early
      stage. Whole organ sections of the laryngectomy specimens showed them to be
      tumors arising in the subglottic region with involvement of the vocal cord as a
      late manifestation of their disease. The clinical and pathological features of
      these nine patients and their tumors are discussed with emphasis on how the
      diagnosis may be made prior to embarking upon therapy.

PMID- 4068087
TI  - Angioedema of the head and neck.
AB  - A group of 143 patients with angioedema was reviewed. Women in their third and
      fourth decades were most commonly affected. Head and neck involvement was found
      in 94% of cases and this was the only anatomical site in 24%. Twenty-one patients
      had swelling of the oropharynx while four presented with laryngeal edema. A
      diagnosis of hereditary angioedema (HAE) was confirmed in one case. Asthma,
      allergic rhinitis, and drug sensitivity were significantly associated, while
      smaller numbers of patients had underlying vasculitis or active ongoing
      infection. The pathophysiology and management of angioedema are discussed.

PMID- 4068088
TI  - Paget's disease and the temporal bone--a clinical and histopathological review of
      six temporal bones.
AB  - Paget's disease of bone occurs more commonly in the elderly and has been reported
      to involve the temporal bone in 30% of those afflicted. The clinical and
      histopathological features of six temporal bones from three patients with this
      disease are reported and the relevant literature reviewed. The effect of Paget's
      disease on the middle ear structures was more variable than its extension into
      the otic capsule. Pagetic involvement of the otic capsule was observed in five
      temporal bones. One patient had bilateral asymptomatic neurofibromas in the
      eighth cranial nerve. the potential mechanisms responsible for the conductive
      deafness, the sensorineural deafness and vestibular dysfunction associated with
      Paget's disease are discussed.

PMID- 4068089
TI  - Horizontal canal BPV.
AB  - Benign paroxysmal vertigo (BPV) is generally attributed to a differential density
      condition in the posterior semicircular canal. Although the posterior canal is
      implicated because of its dependent position, the possibility exists that either
      the horizontal or superior canal could become involved. This paper reports on
      seven patients with a clinical picture consistent with horizontal canal BPV. The
      characteristic features are brief vertigo and horizontal nystagmus precipitated
      by head movement into or out of one of the lateral positions. Position change
      toward the left lateral position induces left beating nystagmus and vice versa
      for position change toward the right. The direction of the nystagmus indicates a
      utriculopetal "endolymph flow" when the affected horizontal canal is undermost.
      This could be explained by particle movement or a "viscous plug" in the posterior
      aspect of the canal.

PMID- 4068090
TI  - Genetic disposition to deafness in maternal rubella: fact or myth?
AB  - Eleven parental pairs, each having a child deaf from maternal rubella, were
      evaluated with a battery of specialized audiologic tests. The tests which
      included measurement of Bekesy hearing threshold and the stapedial reflex
      threshold at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kHz were used to test the theory that these
      parents have a predisposition to elevated reflex thresholds, Bekesy hearing
      threshold dips, and a history of familial deafness. The present study failed to
      find any history of familial deafness or Bekesy dips. Elevated reflex thresholds
      were noted in seven couples. This proportion was shown to be significant (p less
      than 0.03). The relevance of these findings in light of current clinical practice
      is discussed. A comparison of pure tone hearing levels of the children of parents
      with and without elevated reflex thresholds, failed to show a significant
      difference.

PMID- 4068091
TI  - (Treatment of sudden deafness: first results of a comparative study).
AB  - A comparative study is undertaken in 36 cases of sudden deafness in order to
      appreciate the efficiency of three therapies: vaso-active drug and steroid
      administered through continuous perfusions, normovolemic hemodilution, and
      hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Groups are homogeneous with respect to age, time
      elapsed between onset of deafness and treatment, occurrence of vertigo, degree of
      hearing loss, and audiometric pattern. Results are expressed in terms of pure
      tone threshold improvement (dB), audiometric ratio recovery taking into account
      initial hearing loss, and effects upon tinnitus. These data are complemented with
      electrophysiological measures (click-evoked electrocochleography and auditory
      brainstem responses). Analysis of variance does not show significant differences
      among the three procedures. Mechanisms and possible usefulness are discussed,
      keeping in mind the difficulty of ascertaining the real efficiency of therapies
      with respect to spontaneous recovery.

PMID- 4068092
TI  - Malleus to stapes assembly.
AB  - The malleus to stapes assembly is the ideal ossicular reconstruction because of
      its high degree of success. Unfortunately, both the malleus and the stapes have
      to be in good position to use this type of reconstruction making it much less
      common than other forms of ossiculoplasty. Over a six year period, 1976-1982,
      there were 20 such procedures performed, as compared to 85 cases of hemi-incus
      interposition ossiculoplasty in the same period. The malleus to stapes assembly
      technique and indications are described in this report. Reconstruction results
      show an 80% air-bone gap closure within 10 dB with an average improved speech
      reception threshold of 18 dB.

PMID- 4068093
TI  - Cochleosacculotomy.
AB  - In 1982 and 83, we performed cochleosacculotomies on 12 patients, of which nine
      have been retained for the present study. The operation was carried out on
      patients affected by unilateral Meniere's disease with a hearing loss stabilized
      at 50 dB or more at speech frequencies. All patients were suffering
      incapacitating vertigo which was perfectly controlled in all the cases operated
      so far. On the other hand, the hearing results were much les satisfactory in that
      eight of the nine cases had no serviceable hearing after the operation. It is
      concluded that, in our hands so far, this cannot be considered as a conservative
      surgical procedure, but it is an alternative for the control of vertigo in
      Meniere's disease.

PMID- 4068095
TI  - Re: Clinical and microbiological features of otitis externa.

PMID- 4068094
TI  - Management of hearing impairment in the Canadian Inuit--an update.
AB  - In recent years, the teachers in the north and the Inuit have become increasingly
      aware of the educational effects of hearing los frequently associated with
      chronic otitis media. In the Baffin Zone, N.W.T. and in Nouveau Quebec a surge of
      enthusiasm has surfaced to do something positive and on-going about the problem.
      A description of events and changes in attitude occurring among the Inuit,
      educators, and medical services is presented.

PMID- 4068096
TI  - Tracheo-esophageal puncture.

PMID- 4068097
TI  - A comparative analysis of lymphomas involving Waldeyer's ring and the nasal
      cavity and paranasal sinuses.
AB  - The two major extranodal sites for malignant lymphoma of the head and neck are
      Waldeyer's ring and the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The clinical
      manifestations, treatment, and survival results are presented for 137 patients
      with primary lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring and 38 patients with primary lymphoma of
      the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The similarities of and differences
      between the two sites are discussed and compared to their more common
      counterparts the carcinomas. The results of this study indicate that the TNMAJCC
      method of staging Ann Arbor stage IE and IIE non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a reliable
      prognostic indicator for these sites and should be considered when determining
      treatment.

PMID- 4068098
TI  - The analysis and correction of nasal columella deformity--a review.
AB  - Rhinoplasty surgeons must often adjust the nasal columella as part of a
      functional or cosmetic operative procedure and may, on occasion, be called upon
      to correct the columella as an isolated deformity. The anatomy of the nasal
      columella with its various components provides a framework for the classification
      and analysis of deformities of this structure. Discussion of the various
      approaches and techniques of correction of this deformity is undertaken. It is
      our intent to share a system of analysis and correction of columellar deformities
      to both simplify and improve the end result of undertakings for correction of
      this area of the nose as well as the whole nose.

PMID- 4068099
TI  - The external (combination) rhinoplasty approach for the problem nose.
AB  - The external (combination) rhinoplasty approach has gradually gained acceptance
      as an approach to expose the nasal infrastructure. Its wide exposure has
      sharpened diagnostic skills by correlating pre-operative clinical impressions
      with specific anatomic deformities found at surgery. Its wide access has greatly
      increased as well as simplified the range of surgical maneuvers used in
      reconstruction. Following a review of the external approach, attention is focused
      on some of the problem nasal deformities where this approach has been helpful in
      obtaining good results. Nasal valve obstruction, nasal tip problems, nasal
      pyramid depression, and the crooked nose are discussed in terms of pathological
      anatomy and techniques of repair.

PMID- 4068100
TI  - The management of severe nasal septal deformities.
AB  - Severe septal injuries associated with nasal deformities are a challenge both
      functionally and esthetically. Serious septal injuries may include comminuted
      caudal border fractures, septal crushes, and saddling with loss of septal height.
      These may result from trauma or previous ill-considered surgery. A series of 60
      cases involving radical removal of the septum with caudal and dorsal border
      reconstructions is reviewed. An external approach septorhinoplasty was utilized
      in the majority of these patients. The anterior septum was usually replaced by
      straight posterior septum or septal fragments. In a number of cases the septum
      was replaced by a centre cut of rib cartilage. Upon occasion the upper laternal
      cartilages were replaced by composite conchal grafts with or without septal
      replacement. An attempt has been made to evaluate critically the results with a
      longterm follow-up over a number of years, as regards both functional and
      esthetic results.

PMID- 4068101
TI  - Nasal septal perforations.
AB  - The etiology, symptoms, and size of 90 nasal septal perforations subjected to
      corrective surgery were assessed, indicating significant parameters of closure
      technique which should improve longterm prognosis. The use of bilateral nasal
      septal mucosal flaps in conjunction with an autogenous interposition graft
      provided for optimal results in small and medium sized (less than 20 mm)
      perforation closure.

PMID- 4068102
TI  - Approach to naso-frontal-ethmoidal complex fractures.
AB  - Naso-fronto-ethmoidal complex fractures are infrequently encountered. The
      authors' approach to the management of the patient with this injury is presented
      emphasizing the importance of the adoption of a systematic approach to the
      evaluation of the patient with a maxillofacial injury. The frequency of
      associated injuries is stressed. The open reduction of this fracture and the use
      of interosseous fixation is recommended. The importance and technique of repair
      of the medial canthal ligaments is reviewed as well as the authors' preference
      for the use of the "open sky" exposure in most patients with this injury.

PMID- 4068103
TI  - Intranasal steroid injection.

PMID- 4068104
TI  - Paget's disease of the temporal bone.

PMID- 4068105
TI  - Clinical and histological evidence for the presence of the vomeronasal
      (Jacobson's) organ in adult humans.
AB  - One hundred adult humans were examined specifically for the presence of the
      opening of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) on the antero-inferior part of the nasal
      septum. This was found in 39% of patients. Twenty-seven human septums were
      removed at post mortem, examined macroscopically, sectioned coronally and
      examined microscopically. In 70% of these specimens, vomeronasal structures were
      identified. Histological examination failed to reveal any evidence that these
      organs may be functional. The human embryology and comparative anatomy of the VNO
      are reviewed. The physiological function in different vertebrates is also
      considered, and the significance of the findings in this study is assessed in the
      light of this evidence.

PMID- 4068106
TI  - Cephalometric radiographs, nasal airway resistance, and the effect of
      adenoidectomy.
AB  - Cephalometric radiographs and nasal airway resistance values of 67 children were
      compared--correlation between each of several measurements of the postnasal
      airway and airway resistance from anterior nares to oropharynx was poor. At the
      5% level of significance, the averaged shortest distance between the anterior
      face of the adenoid mass and the posterior wall of the antrum was related to be
      averaged airway resistance of the 67 subjects. Nasal airway resistance
      measurements in 22 children prior to and following adenoidectomy established that
      nasal airway resistance was reduced following adenoidectomy.

PMID- 4068107
TI  - Endonasal surgical treatment of bilateral choanal atresia under optic control in
      the infant.
AB  - The authors discuss the different approaches in surgical treatment of choanal
      atresia. They describe a method of endonasal approach under optic control. In
      this method an opening in the bony atresia is made via the nasal cavity with the
      aid of a surgical microscope and micro-instruments, while the posterior wall of
      the atretic plate is observed by means of a 110 degrees endoscope via the
      nasopharynx. This method is illustrated by a clinical case, with a four year
      follow-up.

PMID- 4068108
TI  - Effect on brainstem auditory evoked responses of posterior semicircular canal
      occlusion in guinea pigs.
AB  - The site of origin of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the posterior
      semicircular canal and when persistent, the condition is known as
      cupulolithiasis. Singular neurectomy is the current procedure of choice for the
      treatment of incapacitating cupulolithiasis. The neurectomy is difficult to learn
      and carries a significant risk of hearing loss. An alternative procedure, whereby
      the posterior canal is occluded, is discussed. This was performed on 11 guinea
      pigs and the effect on hearing was measured using brainstem evoked audiometry.
      Eight animals showed no hearing loss while the other three had a mild to moderate
      loss of hearing due to intra-operative complications. The effect of canal
      plugging on hearing compares favorably with the hearing results obtained with
      singular neurectomy. Posterior semicircular canal occlusion is suggested as a
      safer and technically easier treatment for incapacitating cupulolithiasis.

PMID- 4068109
TI  - Stroboscopy--a pertinent laryngological examination.
AB  - When observing the vocal fold movements in their laryngoscopic examination, most
      laryngologists seem to be trained to consider only the gross respiratory
      movements of the folds, i.e. abduction and adduction. these movements constitute
      an essential part of the vitally important valve function of the larynx,
      preventing aspiration and providing parts of the mechanisms for normal
      swallowing, coughing, and straining. The second important function of the larynx
      is to serve as a transducer of aerodynamic to acoustic energy; the voice
      function. Probably for reasons of tradition, the examination of the voice
      function is generally left to the speech pathologists, who can make an auditory
      perceptual evaluation of the voice qualities, possibly supplemented by electro
      acoustic analyses. By focussing also on the small vibratory movements of the
      vocal folds during phonation, using laryngeal stroboscopy, the laryngologist can
      contribute considerably to the diagnosis of voice disorders. For the laryngeal
      surgeon stroboscopy should be of particular interest, as it is a useful tool for
      early detection of (cancerous) invasion and for the evaluation of laryngeal
      paresis. This paper describes the clinical procedure of laryngeal stroboscopy,
      based on some introductory remarks on vocal anatomy and function.

PMID- 4068110
TI  - Adult pharyngoplasty for velopharyngeal insufficiency.
AB  - Nine adults underwent superiorly based pharyngeal flaps for the treatment of
      severe velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). The etiology of the VPI was failed
      pediatric cleft palate repair in eight and myasthenia gravis in the ninth. All
      patients were evaluated by a speech therapist pre-operatively. There were no
      significant early or late postsurgical complications. After extensive speech
      therapy all patients were noted subjectively and objectively to have a marked
      reduction in hypernasality and nasal air escape and improved speech
      intelligibility. The healed fibrotic flaps appeared to be adynamic and acted more
      as a viable midline obturator. Lateral pharyngeal wall contraction was necessary
      to close the lateral ports during phonation. The patient with myasthenia gravis
      had the least improvement presumably due to poor lateral wall mobility.

PMID- 4068111
TI  - Endoscopic microsurgical excision of internal laryngocele.
AB  - Internal laryngoceles are relatively rare, and a variety of surgical treatments
      have been proposed. A case is presented which was treated by endoscopic
      microsurgical excision.

PMID- 4068112
TI  - Schwannomas of the vagus nerve in the head and neck.
AB  - The authors report two cases of Schwannomas, one occurring in the tracheal lumen
      and the other in the tracheo-esophageal groove. The latter imitated a thyroid
      "cold" nodule at scintigraphic and echographic investigation. A complete review
      of the literature on Schwannomas of the vagus nerve in the head and neck is
      included. Clinical features, differential diagnosis, investigation, and
      management of these lesions are discussed.

PMID- 4068113
TI  - Malignant schwannoma in the head and neck.
AB  - The authors' experience in dealing with three cases of malignant Schwannoma in
      the head and neck is outlined. The symptomatology of this tumor is discussed with
      its investigation and management. A correct diagnosis with a CT scan to delineate
      tumor extent is imperative. A wide surgical resection is the preferred method of
      treatment with postoperative irradiation of value for residual microscopic
      disease. The pernicious nature of this tumor often leads to a dismal outcome
      despite aggressive therapy.

PMID- 4068114
TI  - Outpatient management of T and A procedure in children.
AB  - Present financial constraints make outpatient (day) surgery--provided it is
      proven to be safe--an attractive option for patients and surgeons as well as
      hospitals. The author had noticed some reluctance among surgeons at previous
      meetings to consider doing children's T and A surgery in this manner. Based on
      more than 3,000 cases, over a four year period, the safety of the procedure is
      shown. It is hoped that the 0% re-admission rate for primary hemorrhage will
      encourage those who have not so far felt comfortable with this method.

PMID- 4068115
TI  - Malakoplakia of the tongue--a case report.
AB  - Malakoplakia of the tongue occurring in a nine year old Caucasian boy is
      reported. This rare chronic inflammatory disease usually occurs in the urinary
      tract, especially the bladder, and is uncommon in children. Presenting symptoms
      included a tongue mass mimicking tumor and dysphagia. Treatment consisted of
      biopsy and subsequent antibiotics toward suspected gram-negative organisms. The
      patient recovered uneventfully and has remained well.

PMID- 4068116
TI  - Modification of the sublabial approach to midface, nasopharynx, and postnasal
      tumors.
AB  - The midline degloving approach to midfacial and nasosinal tumors is a procedure
      consisting of elevation of the midfacial soft tissue from a sublabial approach. A
      modification consisting of a composite flap laterally based on periosteum and
      soft tissue prevents flattening of the side of the nose. The method has distinct
      advantages over the transnasal, transpalatal, or lateral rhinotomy approach,
      giving wide exposure without external scars or disfigurement, and thus is
      suitable for benign as well as malignant lesions.

PMID- 4068117
TI  - Dermoid cyst of the Eustachian tube.
AB  - A case of congenital dermoid cyst of the Eustachian tube is reported. Only seven
      similar cases have been found in our review of the literature. The embryology and
      usual mode of presentation of these cysts are discussed. Finally, a new surgical
      approach using a combined retro-auricular and protympanic route is presented.

PMID- 4068118
TI  - External (combination) rhinoplasty approach for trans-sphenoidal adenectomy.
AB  - The external (combination) rhinoplasty approach and the sublabial approach to
      trans-sphenoidal adenomectomy have been used at this institution for seven years.
      A summary of experience with the external (combination) rhinoplasty technique in
      10 patients is reported; and a comparison is made between this approach and the
      sublabial approach in 12 patients. Advantages unique to this approach are: the
      distance to the sphenoid sinus is decreased allowing greater ease of
      instrumentation, the Hardy speculum may be opened widely to increase exposure,
      uniquely this allows synchronous cosmetic or reconstructive septorhinoplasty, and
      this technique is also invaluable for revision surgery--especially when septal
      cartilage has been removed by a previous sublabial approach. Disadvantages of
      this technique are the external incision across the columella, which leaves an
      imperceptible scar of no clinical significance, and postoperative nasal tip
      edema, which resolves with time.

PMID- 4068119
TI  - Frontal sinusitis--a 10 year experience.
AB  - Frontal sinusitis follows upper respiratory infections, sinus trauma, and
      swimming. Complications, often life threatening, still occur although less
      frequently than in the pre-antibiotic era. The course of 40 patients admitted to
      St. Michael's Hospital with a diagnosis of frontal sinusitis between the years
      1973-83 is reviewed. The regional complications as well as the surgical
      procedures required to manage these problems are discussed. The osteoplastic flap
      with obliteration of the sinus cavity by osteoneogenesis has become the procedure
      of choice in dealing with most cases of chronic frontal sinusitis.

PMID- 4068120
TI  - Autogenous rib grafts in facial surgery.

PMID- 4068121
TI  - Masseteric muscle hypertrophy.
AB  - Three cases of masseteric muscle hypertrophy are reported. The clinical features
      of the syndrome are illustrated. The differential diagnosis of parotid mass,
      inflammatory or neoplastic, vs. masseter muscle hypertrophy is discussed. CT
      scanning is the best diagnostic tool. Expectant therapy is suggested.

PMID- 4068122
TI  - Cell shape in the migratory epidermis of the external auditory canal.
AB  - The shapes adopted by cells migrating within tissues and in cell cultures are
      related to both the direction and mechanism of migration. The skin on the
      tympanic membrane and deep external auditory canal is unique in its ability to
      migrate from the tympanic membrane to the junction between the deep and
      superficial parts of the ear canal, where it desquamates. Observations on 24
      surface preparations of skin, obtained from 17 human temporal bones, revealed
      that the basal cells of the epidermis were spindle-shaped, and their long axes
      were aligned in the direction of migration. This cellular asymmetry and
      orientation did not persist in the more superficial layers of the epidermis.
      These findings are important in the consideration of the mechanism of migration,
      and the level within the epidermis at which it occurs.

PMID- 4068123
TI  - On the vertical caloric nystagmus.
AB  - Eye movements in response to caloric stimuli are recorded traditionally in the
      horizontal plane only. Twin channel electronystagmographic traces of 124 patients
      undergoing evaluation of vertigo were reviewed. Thirty traces (24%) were found to
      include a "true" vertical component to the evoked nystagmus. There was no
      correlation between the existence and the nature of any vestibular pathology and
      the presence of the vertical nystagmus. Thus, a vertical component to the caloric
      nystagmus (the so-called "perverted" caloric nystagmus) is not necessarily a
      pathological sign, and can be a normal variant, caused by excitation of the
      vertical semicircular canal - most probably the posterior one. The mechanisms of
      heat transfer in the temporal bone and the source of this vertical caloric
      nystagmus are discussed in the context of the published literature.

PMID- 4068124
TI  - Pulsatile tinnitus and fibromuscular dysplasia of the internal carotid.
AB  - Carotid fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD-C), a stenosing angiopathy, is frequently
      associated with pulsatile tinnitus. This study reports two patients, initially
      presenting with pulsatile tinnitus, who proved to have FMD-C. Symptoms such as
      tinnitus, vertigo, hemicrania, and cervicofacial hypo-esthesia might bring such a
      patient under an otolaryngologist's management. The paper discusses the
      physiopathology of the symptoms encountered with FMD-C. It is suggested that the
      sympathetic plexus is implicated in the manifestations of the disorder. A
      surgical therapeutic approach is suggested to achieve satisfactory symptomatic
      control.

PMID- 4068125
TI  - Salivary gland tumors.
AB  - A retrospective review of 643 patients with salivary gland tumors seen between
      1958-72 is reported. There were 328 malignant and 375 benign tumors. All patients
      with malignant tumors were assessed in a multidisciplinary head and neck clinic.
      The median age for developing malignant tumors was 58 and there was a male to
      female ratio of 1.2:1. For benign tumors the median age was 46 years and the male
      to female ratio 0.8:1. Overall the primary tumor was controlled by the first
      planned treatment in 145 (44%) malignant tumors and in 253 (80%) benign tumors.
      The five and 10 year actuarial survival for malignant tumors was 59.4% and 45.6%
      respectively.

PMID- 4068126
TI  - Lethal delayed radiation necrosis of the brain as a complication of radiotherapy
      for cancer in the head and neck.
AB  - Necrosis of the brain following irradiation of tumors adjacent to the cranial
      cavity is an insidious and often fatal complication. Three patients with this
      complication are reported. Recognition of the condition is often delayed due to
      the long time interval between irradiation and manifestation of first symptoms.
      Accurate shielding and limitation of irradiation to the brain may prevent this
      problem.

PMID- 4068127
TI  - Hamartoma of the larynx.
AB  - A patient with a small mass occupying the laryngeal ventricle is reported. The
      rare histological diagnosis of an epithelial hamartoma is discussed, with
      reference to the other sites of occurrence in the head and neck.

PMID- 4068128
TI  - Multiple myeloma involving the cricoid cartilage.
AB  - This presents a case report of a patient with multiple myeloma who developed such
      a lesion in the cricoid--a circumstance which has not previously been recorded.

PMID- 4068129
TI  - Gliosarcoma with cranial penetration and extension to the maxillary sinus.
AB  - A 70 year old woman underwent an anterior rightsided temporal lobectomy for a
      mixed glioblastoma-fibrosarcoma. Six months later, she presented with rightsided
      zygomatic and maxillary swellings, associated with rightsided ptosis, chemosis,
      and nerve palsies of the III, IV, VI, and VII cranial nerves. A computerized scan
      (CT) of the head revealed tumor erosion of the skull base of the right middle
      fossa with extension into the maxillary sinus. This was confirmed at surgery.
      Pathologic examination revealed a predominantly small cell anaplastic
      glioblastoma associated with sarcoma elements, similar to the original
      intracranial tumor. This case documents a rare and atypical behavior of malignant
      glial tumors.

PMID- 4068130
TI  - Primary meningioma of the nasopharynx: case report and review of ectopic
      meningioma.
AB  - Meningiomas not uncommonly spread outside the central nervous system, but primary
      extracranial meningiomas are much less common, the sites described including the
      orbit, the calvarium, the neck, the temporal bone and the paranasal sinuses.
      Reported here is the first instance of extracranial meningioma of the
      nasopharynx. The histological appearance of meningiomas is diverse, and in
      ectopic sites can be mistaken for malignant epithelial tumors, as happened here
      initially. The tumor was excised via a transpalatal flap using an intracapsular
      debulking approach borrowed from the armamentarium of the intracranial surgeon.
      Prolonged follow-up with interval CT scans are recommended in patients with
      apparent ectopic meningioma, in case undemonstrable intracranial disease later
      becomes manifest.

PMID- 4068131
TI  - Total facial rejuvenation.
AB  - Facial rejuvenation cannot usually be effected by any one procedure. Since many
      interrelated operations are often required, the authors feel that this should be
      carried out at one sitting employing a "two team approach". Proper pre-operative
      evaluation and education of the patient is mandatory.

PMID- 4068132
TI  - CT demonstration of postanginal sepsis.
AB  - A case of postanginal sepsis is presented with a brief discussion of the
      pathogenesis and presentation of the syndrome. CT scanning can effectively
      delineate the parapharyngeal inflammatory process, extension along fascial
      planes, internal jugular vein encroachment and thrombus, as well as septic emboli
      complications.

PMID- 4068133
TI  - Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint from psoriatic arthritis.
AB  - A review of 27 cases of temporomandibular joint arthritis in patients with
      psoriasis reveals the main pathologic features to be condylar erosions, condylar
      osteoporosis, calcification of the articular disc, and subchondral cyst
      formation. We present another pathological process, temporomandibular joint bony
      ankylosis in a patient with psoriasis. Surgical management consisted of a high
      condylectomy, with a silastic implant to maintain the vertical dimension of the
      ramus. A very good functional result was obtained and 21/2 years later her
      incisive distance is 44 mm.

PMID- 4068134
TI  - Outpatient T & A procedures.

PMID- 4068135
TI  - Ultrastructure of whewellite kidney stones: electron-analytical investigation.
AB  - The investigation of the degree of interpenetration between the two component
      phases of whewellite kidney stones, the protein matrix and calcium oxalate
      monohydrate crystallites, is extended by a technique of microchemical analysis,
      employing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The technique involves
      determining the surface elemental (hence chemical) composition of fractured
      whewellite stones. Comparison with the bulk composition of about 95% COM and 5%
      matrix yielded information on the fracture path, hence on the spatial
      distribution of the two phases. The results showed large increases in matrix
      signal upon fracture, confirming that the minor phase, matrix, which is expected
      to provide an easy path for fracture, pervades the structure down to the level of
      individual crystallites.

PMID- 4068136
TI  - Structural changes induced in rat leukemic basophils by immunological stimulus.
AB  - We have examined morphological events in RBL-2H3 basophilic leukocyte-derived
      cells following stimulation to secrete with specific antigen. Following
      stimulation, the cell surface undergoes a rapid and pronounced ruffling
      concomitant with an overall flattening. Secretory granules which are located in
      one area before stimulation becomes rapidly dispersed throughout the cytoplasm.
      Since secretion has been shown to be a relatively slow process in the RBL-2H3
      cell line our observations suggest that ruffling and flattening precede the
      secretion process.

PMID- 4068137
TI  - Fenestration patterns in endothelial cells of rat liver sinusoids.
AB  - Endothelial fenestrae of both zone 1 and zone 3 acinar liver sinusoids have been
      studied in rats by an interactive analysis of scanning electron microscopical
      images. Two fenestration patterns have been recognized in the endothelial cells
      on the basis of local variation in size, distribution and clustering of pores in
      each acinar zone. Our data indicate that both the number of fenestrae per square
      micrometer of endothelial surface and the mean diameter of fenestrae are
      significantly larger in zone 3 than in zone 1. The number of sieve plates is
      about 1.74 times larger in zone 3 than in zone 1, and the number of fenestrae per
      plate in zone 3 is nearly twice that in zone 1. Two different classes of
      fenestrae have been considered: clustered pores, which prevail in zone 3 and have
      a mean diameter smaller than the other pores, and free pores, which prevail in
      zone 1 and are bigger.

PMID- 4068138
TI  - How to avoid compression: a model study of latex sphere grid sections.
AB  - The parameters which might play a role in the compression of plastic-embedded
      objects are studied. The compression is measured on spherical polystyrene latex
      particles, used as markers in the grid sectioning technique. By changing
      independently the hardness of the latex particles through a controlled electron
      irradiation and the hardness of the embedding medium, it is shown that
      compression is a local event depending only on the mechanical properties of the
      sectioned object and not on the properties of its surrounding materials. It is
      demonstrated on one hand that the intrinsic resin compression diminishes as resin
      hardness increases, and on the other hand that the latex compression can be
      completely eliminated after a preliminary irradiation by electrons (the electron
      induced vulcanization is equivalent to a hardening). It is thus concluded that
      compression could be greatly reduced or eliminated if objects were sufficiently
      hardened during their preparation. Several preparation procedures for biological
      specimens are suggested. For comparison latex has also been irradiated 31/2 days
      near a 25 000-Ci 60Co gamma source and near the core of an 8-MW nuclear reactor.
      Neither of these irradiations was sufficient to produce a hardening equivalent to
      that of the electron irraidation.

PMID- 4068139
TI  - Intercellular connections in rabbit heart as revealed by quick-frozen, deep
      etched, and rotary-replicated papillary muscle.
AB  - Rabbit papillary muscles were ultrarapidly frozen, fractured, deep-etched, and
      rotary shadowed. These techniques revealed the interstitial space where the
      complex network of fine microthreads that connect myocytes to each other and to
      collagen fibrils can be seen in a three-dimensional array similar to scanning
      electron micrographs but at a resolution attainable in freeze-fracture
      microscopy.

PMID- 4068140
TI  - Fine structure marker rescue of temperature-sensitive mutations of vaccinia virus
      within a central conserved region of the genome.
AB  - Fine structure marker rescue involving the use of subfragments of vaccinia virus
      HindIII DNA fragments L, J, and H has been used to map the mutations in eight
      temperature-sensitive mutants of vaccinia virus representing four complementation
      groups. Comparison of their map locations with the positions of the open reading
      frames and RNA transcripts that have been mapped within this region has allowed
      the identification of one or two polypeptides as the temperature-sensitive gene
      product of each mutant.

PMID- 4068141
TI  - Map of DNA homology between the genomes of Salmonella bacteriophages P22 and L.
AB  - The genomes of temperate Salmonella typhimurium phages P22 and L share
      approximately 69% homology, as measured by DNA heteroduplex analysis. Alignment
      of the P22/L heteroduplex molecules with a P22 physical map places most of this
      homology between the capsid genes and genes in the vicinity of the prophage
      attachment sites. The degree of genetic relatedness between these phages and the
      lambdoid phages is also discussed.

PMID- 4068142
TI  - Mouse chromosomal mapping of a murine leukemia virus integration region (Mis-1)
      first identified in rat thymic leukemia.
AB  - We have previously identified a region of genomic DNA which constitutes the site
      of frequent provirus integration in rat thymomas induced by Moloney murine
      leukemia virus (Lemay and Jolicoeur, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:38-42, 1984).
      This genetic locus is now designated Mis-1 (Moloney integration site). Cellular
      sequences homologous to Mis-1 are present in mouse DNA. Using a series of hamster
      mouse somatic cell hybrids, we mapped the Mis-1 locus to mouse chromosome 15.
      Frequent chromosome 15 aberrations have been described in mouse thymomas. Mis-1
      represents a putative new oncogene which might be involved in the initiation or
      maintenance or both of these neoplasms.

PMID- 4068143
TI  - Effect of human alpha A interferon on influenza virus replication in MDBK cells.
AB  - To determine the molecular mechanism whereby interferon induces resistance to
      influenza virus, we began an investigation of influenza virus replication in MDBK
      cells treated with recombinant human alpha A interferon. Negative- and positive
      strand virus-specific RNA accumulation was monitored by blot hybridization with
      cloned probes. Primary transcription (transcription of infecting viral negative
      strands by the virion-associated polymerase) was inhibited by interferon
      treatment of MDBK cells. At moderate levels of interferon treatment (10 U/ml),
      this inhibition was restricted to transcripts of polymerase genes, whereas at
      higher levels of interferon treatment (50 U/ml), accumulation of all primary
      transcripts was markedly inhibited. Secondary transcripts and viral negative
      strands did not accumulate to any significant extent in interferon-treated MDBK
      cells. These results suggest that interferon-induced mechanisms which inhibit
      influenza virus replication in MDBK cells act at the level of primary
      transcription.

PMID- 4068146
TI  - Geneticists ponder ethical implications of screening.

PMID- 4068147
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Recommendations for preventing transmission of infection
      with HTLV-III/LAV in the workplace.

PMID- 4068145
TI  - Interaction between HeLa cells and adenovirus type 2 virions neutralized by
      different antisera.
AB  - Three adenovirus type 2-specified immunogens elicited neutralizing antibodies
      when injected into rabbits; these were the fiber, the hexon, and the penton base.
      Adenovirus type 2 virions, neutralized by antihexon- or anti-penton base
      antisera, attached to HeLa cells to the same extent as untreated control virus,
      and after attachment, neutralized viruses also became sensitive to DNase
      treatment. A fraction of 75 to 80% of the attached antibody-treated virions
      penetrated the plasma membrane, which should be compared with an 84 to 88%
      penetration level in the control series. A majority of the antihexon-neutralized
      virions was found in intracellular vesicles, as revealed with an electron
      microscope, but in the case of anti-penton base neutralization, a maximum of 50%
      of the virions was retained within vesicles, and ca. 30% was free in the
      cytoplasmic compartment. A value greater than 45% was never obtained for
      neutralization with a monospecific anti-penton base antiserum, which could imply
      the existence of alternative pathways for virus penetration into HeLa cells--one
      of these being sensitive to treatment with anti-penton base antiserum. Antisera
      containing antifiber specificities efficiently aggregated virions, and the
      aggregation data mirrored the degree of neutralization. Antifiber-neutralized
      virions attached to cells to a three- to five times greater extent than untreated
      control virus, but the former virions had a reduced ability to become sensitive
      to DNase treatment. Around 15% of the attached antifiber-treated virions was
      found as large aggregates inside multivesicular bodies or lysosomes.

PMID- 4068148
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Health hazards associated with elevated levels of radon-
      Pennsylvania.

PMID- 4068144
TI  - A new pathway in the generation of defective retrovirus DNA.
AB  - We used a retrovirus shuttle vector to make molecular clones of circular viral
      DNA from infected cells. One-third of the molecules examined had deletions that
      started within or near the U5 domain of the long terminal repeat (LTR) region and
      extended a variable distance toward the gag gene. We present evidence that some
      of these deletions arose by cleavage of a single LTR unit, in contrast to the
      cleavage of tandem LTR units associated with the integration reaction. These
      results suggest that in the formation of defective circular DNA, the U5 domain
      can be recognized and cleaved in the absence of an adjacent U3 domain. The
      cleavage of isolated U5 domains may represent an important mechanism responsible
      for the generation of certain forms of both defective circular DNA and defective
      integrated DNA.

PMID- 4068149
TI  - Revisiting the revisited football team hepatitis outbreak.

PMID- 4068150
TI  - Increasing the intake of nutrients while reversing the Engels phenomenon.

PMID- 4068151
TI  - Why do elderly migrate from high altitudes?

PMID- 4068152
TI  - Intubation of the trachea in the critical care setting.

PMID- 4068153
TI  - Controlling abuse of drugs from the anesthesia department.

PMID- 4068154
TI  - Should epileptics scuba dive?

PMID- 4068155
TI  - Transmission of hepatitis B virus to classroom contacts of mentally retarded
      carriers.
AB  - The risk of the spread of hepatitis B virus infection from deinstitutionalized,
      mentally retarded carriers to pupil and staff school contacts in the New York
      City public school system was measured serologically in a three-phase study from
      1978 to 1982. In the third phase, undertaken in 1982, blood samples were drawn
      and questionnaires were completed on students and staff tested in either of the
      first two phases and on comparison groups with intermediate and no known school
      exposure to deinstitutionalized carriers. Univariate and logistic regression
      analyses revealed that staff and pupils with a history of classroom exposure to a
      hepatitis B virus carrier had significantly increased prevalences of hepatitis B
      virus infection (13.4%, odds ratio = 1.9; 9.3%, odds ratio = 2.5, respectively).
      Similarly, yearly seroconversion rates of 1.3% and 0.67% indicate that staff and,
      to a lesser extent, pupils are at increased risk of infection.

PMID- 4068157
TI  - Hepatitis B carriers in the classroom.

PMID- 4068156
TI  - Metronidazole-induced gynecomastia.

PMID- 4068159
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Improving eye care for persons with diabetes mellitus-
      Michigan.

PMID- 4068158
TI  - The organ procurement problem: many causes, no easy solutions.

PMID- 4068160
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Human rabies diagnosed two months postmortem--Texas.

PMID- 4068161
TI  - Artificial hearts, fractured valves, and other problems with medical devices.

PMID- 4068162
TI  - Alcohol-associated teenage deaths: United States, 1980.

PMID- 4068163
TI  - Prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

PMID- 4068164
TI  - Comparing antibiotics: statistical rigor vs practicality.

PMID- 4068165
TI  - The pupillary responses after being struck by lightning.

PMID- 4068166
TI  - Treatment of breast cancer.

PMID- 4068167
TI  - Smoke exposure in pipe and cigar smokers. Serum thiocyanate measures.
AB  - Pipe or cigar smoking traditionally has been considered a less risky alternative
      to cigarette smoking. Some surveys and experimental studies have suggested,
      however, that former cigarette smokers who switch to cigars and/or pipe (CP) are
      more likely to inhale then CP users who never smoked cigarettes; but this
      relationship has not been consistently noted. To clarify smoke-exposure levels
      from CP smoking, smoking histories and serum thiocyanate (SCN) levels were
      studied in 9,106 adults aged 25 to 74 years in population-based surveys of seven
      upper Midwestern communities. Analyses of the 306 male CP smokers indicated a
      significantly higher SCN level in the ex-cigarette-smoking CP users vs the CP
      users who never smoked cigarettes. Serum thiocyanate levels of both CP groups
      were significantly higher than those of nonsmokers and lower than cigarette-only
      smokers. However, the number of pipe bowls or cigars smoked per day was also
      significantly related to SCN levels, and this could account for much of the
      association between SCN and previous cigarette smoking status. Individuals
      currently smoking four or more pipe bowls or four or more cigars per day had an
      elevated smoke exposure equivalent to about ten cigarettes per day, whether or
      not they previously smoked cigarettes. Because of these findings and because
      former cigarette smokers were more likely to report heavy CP usage, cigarette
      smokers should be advised to quit rather than to switch to a pipe or cigar.

PMID- 4068168
TI  - Weight loss in amateur wrestlers and its effect on serum testosterone levels.
AB  - Levels of nine serum hormones, six skin-fold sites, and body weight were measured
      in 19 male amateur wrestlers during their competitive season and again two months
      after the season. Percent of body fat was estimated from skin-fold thicknesses.
      Body weight, body fat, testosterone level, and prolactin level were significantly
      lower during the wrestling season. Low serum testosterone levels were
      significantly correlated with low body fat, large loss of body fat, and large
      weight loss. These findings suggest that the dietary restriction practiced by
      some wrestlers may affect serum testosterone levels adversely.

PMID- 4068169
TI  - Cross-cultural communication. The special case of interpreters in health care.

PMID- 4068170
TI  - Intracranial calcification in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

PMID- 4068171
TI  - The probability of dying of injuries by the year 2000.
AB  - Life tables in which the probability of dying of injuries in the United States
      from 1985 to 1999 are determined may be useful for clinicians in counseling
      persons concerning the risk of fatal injuries. Overall, more than 1% of persons
      aged 10 to 34 years in 1985 probably will die of injuries by the year 2000. For
      white males aged 5 to 29 years in 1985, white females aged 5 to 19 years in 1985,
      and black males aged 5 to 24 years in 1985, over half of all the estimated deaths
      during the next 15 years will be probably due to injuries.

PMID- 4068172
TI  - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Enhanced computed tomography in
      head trauma.

PMID- 4068173
TI  - Caveat emptor tops the eye chart for radial keratotomy candidates.

PMID- 4068174
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Measles in a population with religious exemption to
      vaccination--Colorado.

PMID- 4068175
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Acute hepatic failure after occupational exposure to 2
      nitropropane.

PMID- 4068176
TI  - Tobacco in hospitals.

PMID- 4068177
TI  - Management of Frey's syndrome.

PMID- 4068178
TI  - The usefulness of the RPR.

PMID- 4068179
TI  - Fulminant hepatic failure due to genital herpes in a healthy woman: was she
      healthy?

PMID- 4068180
TI  - Diagnosis of stress fractures in athletes.

PMID- 4068181
TI  - Notice of duplicate publication.

PMID- 4068182
TI  - Reducing the costs of screening blood for unexpected antibodies.

PMID- 4068183
TI  - Drugs and esophagitis: one banana makes a swallow.

PMID- 4068184
TI  - The National Football Head and Neck Injury Registry. 14-year report on cervical
      quadriplegia, 1971 through 1984.
AB  - Data on cervical spine injuries resulting from participation in football have
      been compiled by a national registry. Analysis of epidemiologic data and
      cinematographic documentation clearly demonstrated that the majority of cervical
      fractures and dislocations were due to axial loading. On the basis of this
      observation, rule changes banning both deliberate "spearing" and the use of the
      top of the helmet as the initial point of contact in making a tackle were
      implemented at the high school and college level. Subsequently, a marked decrease
      in cervical spine injury rates has occurred. The occurrence of permanent cervical
      quadriplegia decreased from 34 in 1976 to five in the 1984 season. It is
      suggested that axial loading of the cervical spine is also responsible for the
      catastrophic injuries in diving, rugby, ice hockey, and gymnastics.
      Implementation of appropriate changes in playing techniques and/or equipment
      modifications could possibly reduce the incidence of cervical spine injuries in
      these activities.

PMID- 4068185
TI  - Cysticercosis in Los Angeles County.
AB  - Four hundred ninety-seven patients were identified as having been treated for
      cysticercosis at four hospitals in Los Angeles during the 11-year period 1973
      through 1983. Eleven deaths were recorded. Over 90% of these patients were
      Hispanics in productive age groups; the majority were Mexican by nationality.
      Hospitalizations were generally short, and readmissions for recurrence of
      symptoms or complications of therapy occurred in only 14% of patients.
      Cysticercosis was diagnosed in 12 US citizens who had no history of travel to
      countries considered traditionally endemic for Taenia solium
      taeniasis/cysticercosis. A dramatic rise in numbers of cases was observed after
      1977, appearing to plateau at approximately 80 cases per year in 1981. The
      increase in cases beginning in 1977 coincided with the introduction of the
      computed tomographic scan.

PMID- 4068186
TI  - Characteristics and prognosis of lone atrial fibrillation. 30-year follow-up in
      the Framingham Study.
AB  - In 30 years of follow-up of 5,209 participants in the Framingham Study, 193 men
      and 183 women developed atrial fibrillation (AF). Among this group, "lone" AF
      occurred in 32 men and 11 women free of coronary heart disease, congestive heart
      failure, rheumatic heart disease, and hypertensive cardiovascular disease. To
      determine the characteristics and prognosis of lone AF, each case was matched to
      controls in the remaining Framingham sample. Comparisons indicated that levels of
      several risk factors associated with coronary heart disease were similar between
      the two groups. Atrial fibrillation cases, however, had significantly higher
      rates of preexisting nonspecific T- or ST-wave abnormalities and intraventricular
      block as determined by electrocardiograms. Follow-up for new cardiovascular
      events indicated similar rates of coronary heart disease and congestive heart
      failure, but the rate of strokes was significantly greater in the lone AF group.
      Findings suggest that subjects with lone AF, despite similar cardiovascular risk
      profiles to normal controls, have a distinct preponderance of preexisting
      electrocardiographic abnormalities. Furthermore, contrary to general belief, lone
      AF is not a benign condition; it has a serious prognosis, indicating a greater
      need for detection and treatment.

PMID- 4068187
TI  - Ethical dilemmas for house staff physicians. The care of critically ill and dying
      patients.

PMID- 4068188
TI  - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis.

PMID- 4068189
TI  - Consensus conference. Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.
AB  - In 1985, breast cancer will be diagnosed in approximately 120,000 women; in 90%
      of these women, the disease will apparently be limited to the breast and axillary
      lymph nodes. Despite advances in early diagnosis and primary treatment with
      surgery, radiation therapy, or both, more than a third of these patients will
      develop systemic disease and ultimately die. In the broadest sense, all of these
      patients are potential candidates for some form of systemic adjuvant therapy.
      Adjuvant therapy of breast cancer involves the use of cytotoxic drugs or
      endocrine therapy after definitive primary therapy. The rationale is to eradicate
      occult metastatic disease that otherwise would be fatal. The goal of adjuvant
      therapy is to significantly prolong survival, while maintaining an acceptable
      quality of life. Three measures are important in evaluating whether this goal is
      met by specific treatments: 1. The effect of therapy on overall survival: the
      length of time a woman survives following a diagnosis of breast cancer. 2. The
      effect of therapy on disease-free survival: the length of time a woman remains
      free of any recurrence of disease. Prolonged periods of disease-free survival may
      be advantageous in their own right, since quality of life is likely to be better
      before than after relapse. There is also some evidence that longer periods of
      disease-free survival may translate into better overall survival rates. 3. The
      effect of therapy on quality of life: in choosing an adjuvant therapy program,
      potential benefits must be balanced against both short-term and long-term side
      effects. Also important are the substantial psychological, social, and economic
      problems women may experience as a result of treatment. An increasing number of
      important prognostic variables have been identified that define the natural
      history of breast cancer. These include well-established factors such as
      histological status of axillary lymph nodes, primary tumor size, steroid hormone
      receptors, menopausal status or age, and histopathology. Assessment of cell
      differentiation and proliferation, which can be determined by newer techniques,
      may also be significant. The pathological status of the axillary lymph nodes
      remains the single most important prognostic variable, and four lymph node
      categories have been defined (negative, one to three positive nodes, four to nine
      positive nodes, and ten or more positive nodes). Since definitions of menopausal
      status vary widely among clinical trials, age (less than 50 vs greater than or
      equal to 50 years) can be substituted as a prognostic variable.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4068190
TI  - My dear colleague: are you considering suicide?

PMID- 4068191
TI  - Moral disagreements during residency training.

PMID- 4068192
TI  - Doctor's orders.

PMID- 4068193
TI  - Requirement of parenteral fat in infants with biliary atresia.
AB  - In a prospective study on infants with biliary atresia (BA) we measured the
      composition of the plasma fatty acid to determine the requirement of fat
      emulsion. In 14 infants who underwent initial operation for treatment of BA, a
      trend toward essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency was evident before the
      surgery. Fourteen infants given parenteral nutrition (PN) after surgery were
      grouped into three according to the dose of fat emulsion, fat free in 4, 10% of
      the total calories in 5 and 20% of the total calories in 5. After operation, EFA
      deficiency gradually progressed when on fat free PN. Improvement in EFA
      deficiency occurred with the administration of fat which corresponded to 20% of
      the total caloric intake. During PN including fat emulsion, abnormal changes in
      liver function tests and serum lipid values due to fat emulsion were nil.
      Infusion of fat which supplies 20% of the total calories is thus recommended for
      correction of EFA deficiency and is tolerable in infants with obstructive liver
      disease. However, clinical and biochemical monitoring should be carefully done.

PMID- 4068194
TI  - Hand grip strength--a simple prognostic indicator in surgical patients.
AB  - This study evaluates hand grip strength as an indicator of nutritional status and
      a predictor of postoperative complications. Hand grip strength and other
      parameters of nutritional status, namely, midarm muscle circumference, forearm
      muscle circumference, triceps skinfold, percentage ideal body weight, serum
      albumin, and percent usual weight were determined preoperatively in 205 patients.
      Complications occurred in 28 patients (14%). Patients with at least one abnormal
      nutritional parameter had a higher incidence of postoperative complications.
      Their length of total and postoperative hospitalization was greater by 6.2 and
      4.6 days, respectively (p less than 0.01). Grip strength was the most sensitive
      single parameter, but forearm muscle circumference and percentage ideal body
      weight were the most specific indices. Hand grip strength is a simple measure of
      nutritional status and an accurate prognostic indicator that requires further
      clinical evaluation.

PMID- 4068195
TI  - Accuracy of recumbent height measurement.
AB  - Since many patients requiring specialized nutritional support are bedridden,
      measurement of height for purposes of nutritional assessment or prescription must
      often be done with the patient in bed. This study examined the accuracy of
      measuring body height in bed in the supine position. Two measurements were
      performed on 108 ambulatory inpatients: (1) standing height using a standard
      height-weight scale, and (2) bed height using a flexible tape. Patients were
      divided into four groups based on which of two researchers performed each of the
      two measurements. Each patient was also weighed and self-reported height, weight,
      sex, and age were recorded. Bed height was significantly longer than standing
      height by 3.68 cm, but the two measurements were equally precise. It was
      believed, however, that this 2% difference was probably not clinically
      significant in most circumstances. Bed height correlated highly with standing
      height (r = 0.95), and the regression equation was standing height = 13.82 +/-
      0.09 bed height. Patients overestimated their heights. Heights recorded by nurses
      were more accurate when patients were measured than when asked about their
      heights, but the patients were more often asked than measured.

PMID- 4068196
TI  - Survey: use of clear and full liquid diets with or without commercially produced
      formulas.
AB  - A survey of hospital dietitians was taken to determine the usage of clear and
      full liquid diets in the United States. All of the 299 who responded had these
      diets in their hospital manuals. Clear liquid diets in 82.3% of the hospitals
      provided less than 1000 kcal/day, while 27% of full liquid diets contained less
      than 1500 kcal/day. Both diets were usually taken for 3 or less days. Nearly 75%
      of those responding rarely used commercially prepared formulas with clear liquid
      diets whereas commercial formulas were often given with full liquid diets. Higher
      kilocalories per day are provided when these liquid diets are supplemented with
      commercial formulas. Prescribing foods only because they are liquid or liquify at
      room temperature regardless of their osmolarity or kilocalories has little
      rationale. The addition and/or substitution of newer commercially prepared
      formulas is suggested.

PMID- 4068197
TI  - Hickman catheter separation.
AB  - Seven patients with Hickman/Broviac catheters implanted via the percutaneous
      subclavian route are reported to have had catheter separation and embolization;
      one catheter implanted via cephalic vein cutdown also separated. The method of
      percutaneous subclavian catheter insertion is briefly described, and the
      mechanism of catheter separation is discussed. Percutaneous insertion routes the
      silicone catheter between the clavicle and first rib, producing
      compressive/shearing force which can cause the catheter to break--usually after
      several months. Embolized catheter fragments can be retrieved with a percutaneous
      transfemoral venous snare. The described complication represents a 1% incidence.
      Recommendations to minimize this problem include: placement of subclavian
      puncture at or lateral to midclavicular line; chest x-rays at 2- to 3-month
      intervals to identify catheter indentation at the thoracic inlet; early removal
      of catheters for patients with radiologic evidence of significant catheter
      compression.

PMID- 4068198
TI  - Intraperitoneal infusion as a complication of needle catheter feeding
      jejunostomy.
AB  - The needle catheter feeding jejunostomy is being increasingly utilized for
      postoperative nutritional support. We report a case of catheter dislodgement with
      intraperitoneal infusion of an elemental diet with subsequent peritonitis and
      death. A review of the literature reveals this complication to occur in 1.5% of
      patients, even when the serosa of the small bowel has been attached to the
      anterior abdominal wall. Recommendations are made regarding the prevention and
      management of such complications.

PMID- 4068199
TI  - Effects of dietary potassium on the hemodynamics and plasma norepinephrine
      kinetics in patients with essential hypertension.
AB  - The effects of dietary potassium on the hemodynamics and plasma norepinephrine
      (NE) kinetics were studied in 10 patients with borderline hypertension. Potassium
      supplement (96 mEq daily for 5-7 days) induced a significant (p less than 0.05)
      fall in blood pressure and a slight decrease in cardiac output. Both urine volume
      and urinary sodium excretion increased significantly (p less than 0.05) for a
      first few days following the potassium supplement. The baseline values of the
      half-time of the rapid NE removal from plasma was significantly delayed in the
      hypertensive patients (1.05 +/- 0.06 min, p less than 0.05) when compared with
      those (0.88 +/- 0.04) in normal controls. Potassium supplement induced a
      significant rise in both plasma NE levels and NE outflow rate (p less than 0.01)
      in the hypertensive patients, while their half-times were significantly shortened
      (0.89 +/- 0.07 min, p less than 0.01). The pressor responsiveness to exogenously
      infused NE tended to diminish during the potassium supplement. These findings
      indicate that a high potassium intake might accelerate the slowed neuronal NE
      uptake in the hypertensive patients, while a potassium-induced fall in blood
      pressure might exert a baroreflex stimulation of NE release. As a net result, an
      increased NE outflow into the circulation has been confirmed. It is likely that a
      natriuresis-induced volume contraction might be a predominant factor responsible
      for the early reduction of blood pressure during the high potassium intake.

PMID- 4068200
TI  - Peripheral origin of plasma dopamine.
AB  - To clarify the peripheral origin of plasma dopamine (DA), we studied the changes
      in plasma levels of free and conjugated catecholamines after nephrectomy,
      adrenalectomy, chemical sympathectomy and renal denervation. Nephrectomy markedly
      increased conjugated DA levels, indicating that plasma DA is rapidly excreted
      through the kidney and originates outside the kidney. Adrenalectomy reduced
      plasma total epinephrine (E) to undetectable limits, whereas total norepinephrine
      (NE) and DA levels remained unchanged. In addition, the subsequent immobilization
      stress significantly increased both total NE and DA, but not E. Chemical
      sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine decreased both NE and DA by 66% and 72%,
      respectively. E level, however, was not affected by sympathectomy. Although the
      following immobilization stress significantly increased all catecholamines
      levels, the magnitude of increase in concentrations of NE and DA were much less
      than that of E. These results suggest that plasma DA is mainly derived from the
      peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals. However, the renal nerve, one of the
      sympathetic nerves, did not serve as a source of plasma DA because renal
      denervation had no effect on plasma DA levels in spite of the marked depletion of
      free DA in the kidney.

PMID- 4068201
TI  - Plasma noradrenaline and its deaminated metabolites in essential hypertension and
      pheochromocytoma.
AB  - Dihydroxyphenylglycol (DOPEG) is a metabolite of noradrenaline (NA) in the
      sympathetic nerve endings, and dihydroxymandelic acid (DOMA) is one in the
      extraneuronal tissues. The measurement of plasma DOPEG and DOMA were evaluated
      with NA as one of the clinical indices of sympathetic nerve activity. These were
      measured in essential hypertension and also applied for diagnosis of
      pheochromocytoma. Plasma DOPEG levels were correlated with NA. Plasma NA and
      DOPEG were decreased after oral administration of clonidine (150 micrograms) and
      plasma DOPEG levels were slowly increased after standing. Therefore, plasma DOPEG
      seemed to be useful as one of the rather stable indices of the sympathetic nerve
      activity. Plasma NA and DOPEG levels in WHO stage I essential hypertension were
      higher than those in normotensive controls. Observed normal plasma noradrenaline
      and DOPEG levels in stage II reflect the normalized sympathetic tone in this
      stage. The elevation of plasma NA and DOMA levels in stage III seemed to be at
      least partly explained by renal function disturbance. In patients with
      pheochromocytoma, despite of the marked elevation of plasma NA and DOMA, plasma
      DOPEG showed only three-fold elevation and the ratio DOPEG/NA was reduced. The
      simultaneous measurement of plasma NA, DOPEG and DOMA is useful to evaluate
      sympathetic nerve activity in essential hypertension and to differentiate
      pheochromocytoma in hypertension.

PMID- 4068202
TI  - A survey of pacemaker implantation in Japan--1983: report from the Pacemaker
      Committee of Japan Circulation Society and Japan Society of Medical Electronics
      and Biological Engineering.

PMID- 4068203
TI  - The clinical significance of exercise-induced ST-segment elevation in previous
      anterior myocardial infarction.
AB  - To investigate the mechanism of exercise-induced ST elevation in previous
      anterior myocardial infarction, exercise body surface mapping was performed on 22
      patients with anterior myocardial infarction. ST elevation was compared with the
      findings of exercise radionuclide ventriculography and exercise thallium-201
      myocardial perfusion imaging. ST-segment was quantified by the integral of ST
      segment voltage. The maximal value of ST segment integral out of the 87 leads on
      the body surface was defined as ST max. The percent of change in ST max after
      exercise was closely correlated to the decrease in ejection fraction (r = 0.76).
      Furthermore, 9 of the 12 patients with increased ST max after exercise had
      exercise-induced regional wall motion abnormalities mainly in the apical and
      anterolateral segments, while other 10 patients without increased ST max did not
      (p less than 0.01). There was no difference in % change of ST max a) between
      anterior reversible defect (+) group and the (-) group; b) between inferior
      reversible defect (+) group and the (-) group; c) between single vessel (isolated
      left anterior descending artery stenosis) group and the multivessel group. This
      fact indicated that exercise-induced ST elevation did not result from the
      exercise-induced myocardial ischemia of the infarctional segment or the remote
      non-infarctional segment. We concluded that exercise-induced ST elevation in
      previous anterior myocardial infarction is mainly due to the aggravation of
      anterior wall motion abnormalities induced by exercise.

PMID- 4068204
TI  - Effects of pulmonary hemodynamics on lung function in adult patients with atrial
      septal defect.
AB  - To clarify the relationship of pulmonary function with differing severity of
      atrial septal defect (ASD) and to assess the effects of pulmonary hemodynamics on
      these functions, we classified 101 patients with adult ASD by their pulmonary
      arterial mean pressure (PAm) and pulmonary blood flow (Qp), and compared details
      of pulmonary functions between pairs of groups. Classification was by drawing
      lines at the PAm of 20 mmHg and the Qp of 10 L/min. Group I was the low pressure
      low flow group, Group II the low pressure-high flow group, Group III the high
      pressure-low flow group, and Group IV the high pressure-high flow group. Vital
      capacity as the percentage of predicted (%VC) was low in Groups III and IV. There
      were no significant differences in the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one
      second to forced vital capacity (FEV1%), flow at 25% forced vital capacity and
      closing volume as the percentage of predicted (%V25, %CV/VC) between each group.
      Both maximum midexpiratory flow rate and flow rate at 50% forced vital capacity
      as the percentage of predicted (%MMEF, %V50) in Group III with the most severe
      ASD, were significantly low. Pulmonary diffusing capacities for carbon monoxide
      as the percentage of predicted (%DLco) exceeded 100% in all groups, and tended to
      decrease with increases of PAm without relation to Qp. Pulmonary dysfunctions in
      adult ASD were mainly due to restrictive changes accompanied by obstructive
      change in proportion to the decrease of VC. Peripheral airway obstructions are
      mild in ASD and these might be caused by lower pressure of left atrium and no
      existence of pulmonary venous congestion in ASD, even in the most severe group.

PMID- 4068205
TI  - Abnormal renal hemodynamics in salt-sensitive patients with essential
      hypertension.
AB  - Thirty hypertensive patients were studied during a low-sodium diet for three days
      and a high-sodium diet for six days. They were classified as "salt-sensitive"
      (SS) (n = 10) or "non-salt-sensitive" (NSS) (n = 20) based on the increase in
      mean blood pressure (BP) with changes in sodium intake from 25 mEq/day to 250
      mEq/day (14.7 +/- 1.3% versus 4.0 +/- 0.8%, p less than 0.001). With the high
      sodium diet, the SS patients had a greater increase in cardiac output (p less
      than 0.001), and the increment in mean BP with the salt loading significantly
      correlated to that in cardiac output (r = 0.672, p less than 0.01). Thus, the
      increase in BP during short-term salt loading may be attributed to the increase
      in cardiac output. The role of renal hemodynamics in the increment of BP with
      salt loading after sodium restriction was evaluated in six SS and 14 NSS
      patients. Although the glomerular filtration rate was not different in the two
      groups, the renal vascular resistance was greater (p less than 0.05) in the SS
      patients than in the NSS ones. Moreover, renal vascular resistance positively
      correlated to the increment in mean BP with salt loading (r = 0.612, p less than
      0.01). Thus, it is suggested that renal vasoconstriction may be an important
      factor influencing "salt-sensitivity" in essential hypertension, possibly via the
      impaired renal sodium excretion.

PMID- 4068206
TI  - Baroreflex function and pressor responsiveness in normotensive young subjects
      with a family history of hypertension.
AB  - Baroreflex control of heart rate, pressor responses to alpha agonist
      (phenylephrine) and isometric exercise before and during salt loading were
      compared between 13 normotensive subjects with hypertensive relatives (group A)
      and 9 normotensive subjects with no family history of hypertension (group B).
      Baroreflex slope was significantly lower in group A than in group B (9.6 +/- 1.6
      vs 17.6 +/- 1.9 msec/mmHg; p less than 0.01), although blood pressure, heart rate
      and aortic distensibility were not different between two groups. Pressor
      responses to phenylephrine and isometric exercise were identical for both groups.
      During salt loading, pressor responses to phenylephrine and isometric exercise
      were significantly greater in group A than in group B. Baroreflex slope was not
      affected by salt loading in the two groups. These results suggest that baroreflex
      control of heart rate is impaired in normotensive young subjects with
      hypertensive relatives and this defect may be inherited rather than the result of
      elevated arterial pressure and decreased aortic distensibility. Pressor responses
      to alpha agonist and isometric exercise during high-sodium diet were augmented in
      subjects with a family history of hypertension.

PMID- 4068207
TI  - Renal denervation inhibits hypothalamo-sympathetic nerve system in normotensive
      and hypertensive rats.
AB  - The role of the renal nerve in influencing the hypothalamo-sympathetic nerve
      system to regulate the cardiovascular system was studied in normotensive Wistar
      and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Renal denervation attenuated pressor
      and sympathetic nerve responses to electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus
      without lowering the basal blood pressure at 48 hours after denervated operation.
      These findings suggest that renal denervation could inhibit the hypothalamo
      sympathetic nerve system in normotensive rats. The development of hypertension in
      SHR was completely inhibited by renal denervation during 2 weeks of observation
      (from 7 to 9 weeks of age) without increasing water intake and urine volume.
      Pressor responses to intravenous injection of norepinephrine were not affected by
      renal denervation. The results show that the antihypertensive effect of renal
      denervation was not due to the changing of vascular reactivity. Pressor and
      sympathetic nerve responses to hypothalamic stimulation were strongly diminished
      in renal denervated rats. These results suggest that renal denervation strongly
      inhibited they hypothalamo-sympathetic nerve system. It is also suggested that
      the renal afferent nerve may facilitate the hypothalamo-sympathetic nerve system
      in regulating blood pressure and that this facilitation may contribute to the
      development of hypertension in SHR.

PMID- 4068208
TI  - [Effect of neuroleptanalgesia on spinal function--the change in unit activities
      of lamina V type cells].

PMID- 4068209
TI  - [Effect of regional ischemia on the thresholds of radiant heat pain and electric
      current perception in the human skin].

PMID- 4068210
TI  - [Measurement of cardiac output by the pulsed Doppler blood velocity meter during
      operations].

PMID- 4068212
TI  - [The effects of high-frequency jet ventilation on injured lungs in dogs].

PMID- 4068211
TI  - [Effects of nifedipine on intracranial pressure in cats].

PMID- 4068214
TI  - [The inotropic effect on the cat papillary muscle of pancuronium bromide with and
      without a preservative and with preservative alone].

PMID- 4068213
TI  - [Effect of d-tubocurarine on evoked action potentials from a single muscle fiber
      in cats].

PMID- 4068215
TI  - [The effect of succinylcholine and d-tubocurarine on the denervated muscle in the
      rat].

PMID- 4068216
TI  - [Anesthesia for a silent pseudocholinesterase carrier].

PMID- 4068217
TI  - [Anesthetic management of cardiac operation in a patient with DiGeorge syndrome].

PMID- 4068218
TI  - [Therapeutic effect of cefotaxime in the field of pediatrics].
AB  - Cefotaxime (CTX) was administered to 130 children with various bacterial
      infections of 41 to 400 mg/kg/day for 2 to 21 days. The clinical effect of CTX
      was very satisfactory in respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection and
      meningitis. The overall clinical effect was excellent in 59, good in 39, fair in
      17 and failure in 8 with effective rate of 79.7%. During this therapy, side
      effects were seen in 3 cases, diarrhea in 1 and rash in 2. Abnormal laboratory
      findings were seen in 5 cases, elevation of GOT in 1, GOT, GPT and A1-P in 1,
      GOT, GPT and T. Bil. in 1, elevation of BUN, increase of number of basophils and
      albuminuria in 1 and observation of albuminuria in 1. The above results
      demonstrate that CTX is a clinically useful antibiotic for the therapy of
      pediatric infections.

PMID- 4068220
TI  - [Metabolism of lenampicillin hydrochloride. I. Metabolism of ampicillin
      structure].
AB  - Metabolism of lenampicillin hydrochloride (LAPC), especially ampicillin (ABPC)
      structure of LAPC, was investigated after oral administration in human, dogs and
      rats. The unchanged compound was not detected in blood and urine, furthermore in
      animal portal vein after oral administration of LAPC in human and 2 animals.
      Therefore, LAPC seemed to be rapidly hydrolyzed during the process of absorption.
      The intestinal absorption of LAPC was satisfactory in view of the urinary
      excretion of metabolites, accounting for 93% of dose in human, 74% in dogs and
      55% in rats, respectively. It could be judged by the bioautograms and the
      correlation between bioassay and HPLC determination of ABPC that the active
      metabolite in blood or urine was only ABPC. The major urinary metabolites were
      ABPC, alpha-aminobenzylpenicilloic acid (ABPA) and 5S-penicilloic acid isomer (5S
      ABPA) in human and 2 animals, but the differences were observed on the excretion
      ratio between human, dogs and rats. LAPC was stable in the intestinal contents,
      but liable to hydrolyze in the intestinal wall, blood and liver of rats. From the
      facts described above, it was concluded that LAPC was the efficient prodrug of
      ABPC in terms of the enhancement of absorption and decrease of side effects.

PMID- 4068219
TI  - [Clinical studies of S6472 in otorhinolaryngologic infections].
AB  - A multicenter cooperative clinical trial was carried out on S6472 (a long-acting
      preparation of cefaclor (CCL)) to evaluate its effectiveness and safety in the
      treatment of infectious diseases in the field of otorhinolaryngology. The results
      are as follows: The clinical efficacy of the drug could be evaluated in 114
      patients. An efficacy rate of 65.8% was obtained. The efficacy rate for each
      disease was found to be 60.0% for acute suppurative otitis media, 12.5% for
      chronic suppurative otitis media and 44.4% for acute exacerbation of chronic
      suppurative otitis media. The overall efficacy rate for all cases of suppurative
      otitis media was 46.4%. The efficacy rate for acute tonsillitis was found to be
      93.1%. In the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis, the
      efficacy of the drug was rated as excellent or good in all cases. The overall
      efficacy rate for all cases of tonsillitis was found to be 93.9%. In the
      treatment of other infectious diseases, the efficacy was rated as excellent or
      good in all cases. When the cases by resistant organisms to CCL were excluded
      from the evaluation, the overall efficacy rate of the drug was found to be 74.2%.
      The bacteria could be identified in 106 cases. Regarding the bacteriological
      efficacy of single infections, its bacterial elimination rate was found to be
      81.1% for Gram-positive bacteria including S. aureus, S. epidermidis, etc., while
      it was 42.9% for Gram-negative bacteria. The overall elimination rate of bacteria
      in single infections was 73.1%. The bacterial elimination rate for mixed
      infections was found to be 85.7%, whereas it was 76.8% when the single and mixed
      infections were combined. Regarding side effects, 1 case each of diarrhea, soft
      stool and rash, or 3 cases in total (2.4%), were recorded in a total of 123
      patients. However, the severity of each side effect was mild. Regarding abnormal
      laboratory findings, there were 1 case each of an increase in S-GPT, leukopenia
      and complication of eosinophilia and thrombocytopenia, or 3 cases in total
      (7.0%). Each of these adverse reactions was, however, transient in nature, and no
      serious cases were observed. On the basis of the above results, it was concluded
      that S6472 can provide sufficient clinical efficacy when it is administered at
      daily dosage of 750 mg or 1,500 mg in 2 divided doses after the breakfast and
      dinner.

PMID- 4068221
TI  - [Metabolism of lenampicillin hydrochloride. II. Metabolism of promoiety].
AB  - The in vitro and in vivo metabolism of promoiety in lenampicillin hydrochloride
      (LAPC) were investigated in rats and dogs. After incubation of LAPC with
      intestinal or liver preparations and blood of rat, diacetyl, acetoin and 2,3
      butanediol were identified as metabolites of LAPC. The main metabolite in
      peripheral plasma was 2,3-butanediol after oral administration of LAPC in rats
      and dogs. On the other hand, high levels of acetoin were found out in portal
      plasma for early period after dosing of LAPC. These results suggested that the
      biotransformation of promoiety in LAPC to acetoin carried out mainly in
      intestinal tissues, but acetoin was converted to 2,3-butanediol in liver. Acetoin
      and 2,3-butanediol were also excreted in urine, but their urinary excretion were
      very low, and the combined excretion were accounting for about 9% of dose up to
      48 hours after dosing in rats and less than 1% in dogs, respectively. The major
      metabolic pathways of promoiety in LAPC were postulated as below. (Formula: see
      text).

PMID- 4068222
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of a new parenteral penicillin, aspoxicillin, in children].
AB  - Aspoxicillin (ASPC) was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 30 infants and
      children with acute bacterial infections. The disease categories included acute
      respiratory tract (22), soft tissue (3), urinary tract (3) infections, sepsis
      with pyothorax (1) and purulent meningitis (1). ASPC was effective in all but 1
      case of pneumonia due to beta-lactamase-positive H. influenzae (effective rate;
      96.7%). Adverse reactions and abnormalities of the laboratory tests were not
      associated with the ASPC therapy in any of the cases. The serum half-life of ASPC
      after an intravenous bolus injection was 0.883 +/- 0.194 hour and excretion into
      urine was rapid. From the present results, ASPC is a safe and effective
      antibiotic when used in patients with susceptible bacterial infections.

PMID- 4068223
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies on aspoxicillin in the field of pediatrics].
AB  - Fundamental and clinical studies were performed with aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new
      developed injectable broad penicillin, in pediatric infectious diseases, and the
      following results were obtained. Pharmacokinetics ASPC was administered to 2
      cases at a dose of 20 mg/kg by one shot intravenous injection. The mean half-life
      (T 1/2) was 1.17 hours. The mean urinary excretion rate was 58.4% during 6 hours
      after ASPC treatment. In 3 cases of intravenous drip infusion with a period of 1
      hour at a dose of 10 mg/kg (2 cases) and 20 mg/kg (1 case), the half-lives (T
      1/2) were 1.7 hours, 3.5 hours and 1.0 hour, respectively. The urinary recovery
      rate during 6 hours after administration was 57.7%, 32.6% and 42.7%,
      respectively. At only one case treated with 10 mg/kg intravenous drip infusion,
      the half-life was prolonged and urinary excretion rate was lower than other 2
      cases. Clinical study ASPC was administered 50-80 mg/kg/day for 4-8 days to 22
      children comprising 6 tonsillitis, 2 bronchitis, 6 pneumonia and 8 urinary tract
      infections. Clinical efficacy was excellent in 13 cases, good in 8 cases and fair
      in 1 case, the total cure rate was 95%. As for the clinical response classified
      by diagnosis, the each efficacy rate of tonsillitis, bronchitis and pneumonia was
      100%, and that of urinary tract infection was 87.5%. Clinical side effect and
      abnormal laboratory findings were not observed in any cases. From the above
      results, it was concluded that ASPC was one of the useful secure drug for
      treatment of infections in pediatric field.

PMID- 4068224
TI  - [Clinical studies of aspoxicillin in pediatrics].
AB  - A clinical and laboratory evaluation and a blood level studied on aspoxicillin
      (ASPC), a new injectable penicillin derivative; the following results were
      obtained. ASPC was intravenously administered in 3 or 4 divided doses at a daily
      dosage ranging from 83.3 to 111.9 mg/kg to 5 patients (1 case of lacunar
      tonsillitis caused by H. influenzae, 3 cases of pneumonia caused by H.
      influenzae, 1 case of pneumonia caused by E. coli). As the results, a global
      effect were excellent in 3 cases and good in 2 cases. The overall efficacy ratio
      was 100%. All isolated organisms were eradicated, excluding the only case of
      pneumonia due to H. influenzae infection. No side effects were found in any of
      the 7 patients including 2 patients who were dropped out the efficacy evaluation
      because of Mycoplasma pneumonia. Laboratory findings showed a slight elevation of
      GOT and GPT in 2 cases and temporary eosinophilia in 1 case. Blood level of ASPC
      in 2 cases after 10 mg/kg administration by intravenous injection was 28.5 or
      35.5 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 14.3 or 20.7 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 6.1 or
      8.8 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 1.3 or 3.02 micrograms/ml at 4 hours. The half-life
      was 0.81 or 1.01 hours, respectively. Judging from the results of this blood
      level and the MIC of ASPC against clinically isolated organisms, good efficacy
      will be obtained to pediatric infections by the sensitive strains, if it is given
      10 mg/kg to mild patients or 20 mg/kg to moderate or severe patients in 3 or 4
      divided dose at a daily dosage.

PMID- 4068225
TI  - [Clinical studies on aspoxicillin in the pediatric field].
AB  - Studies on efficacy and safety of aspoxicillin (ASPC) were carried out to 14
      cases of pediatric infections, and the following results were obtained. Clinical
      efficacy of ASPC to 10 respiratory infections, 1 urinary tract infection and 1
      otitis media was excellent in 6 cases (50%) and good in 6 cases (50%). The
      efficacy rate was 100%. Bacteriological effect of ASPC to 6 cases which detected
      the causative organisms (S. aureus, E. faecalis, H. influenzae and P. mirabilis)
      was eliminate in 3 cases (50%) and replace in 3 cases (50%). The bacterial
      eliminated rate was 100%. Side effects of ASPC to 14 administered cases were
      observed in 2 cases, that were urticaria in 1 case and elevation of GOT in 1
      case. From the above results, it was concluded that ASPC was the useful and
      secure antibiotic drug for treatment of infections in pediatric field.

PMID- 4068226
TI  - [The therapeutic effects of aspoxicillin on various infectious diseases in
      children].
AB  - Clinical application to ascertain the effects of aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new
      semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic, upon several infectious diseases of children
      was performed in 7 cases with pneumonia, 5 cases with acute bronchitis, each case
      with tonsillitis, enterocolitis, urinary tract infection and suspected sepsis.
      ASPC was injected by drip infusion and the dosage was 63-117 mg/kg/day in 3 and 4
      times a day. Clinical efficacy obtained as "excellent" was in 7 cases, "good" in
      8 cases "poor" in 1 case, and efficacy rate was 93.8%. From the bacteriological
      point of view, eliminated in each of H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, group A
      beta-Streptococcus and unchanged in a case of E. coli. There were transient
      thrombocytopenia in 2 cases and eosinophilia in 3 cases.

PMID- 4068227
TI  - [A clinical evaluation of aspoxicillin in children].
AB  - Eighteen infants and children with infectious diseases were treated with
      aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new semisynthetic penicillin. The result was as follows:
      The clinical responses to ASPC were excellent in 6 patients and good in 5
      patients of 11 children with bacterial infections. The bacteria isolated from the
      culture of throat swab and urine in 5 patients were Streptococcus pneumoniae,
      Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus which were all eradicated by the
      treatment of ASPC. The mean serum concentration of ASPC reached the peaks of 73.3
      micrograms/ml in 5 cases with dose of 20 mg/kg, and 136.3 micrograms/ml in 3
      cases with dose of 40 mg/kg 15 minutes after the intravenous administration. The
      mean half-lives of ASPC in the serum were 1.08 hours for the dose of 20 mg/kg and
      1.07 hours for the dose of 40 mg/kg. The mean urinary recoveries of ASPC in 6
      hours following the intravenous administration were 73.7% in 3 cases with dose of
      20 mg/kg, and 79.6% in 1 case with dose of 40 mg/kg. No clinical side effect of
      ASPC was observed. An increase of platelet was noticed in a child with infectious
      mononucleosis in the course of administration of ASPC.

PMID- 4068228
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies of aspoxicillin in the pediatric field].
AB  - Aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new semisynthesized penicillin, was administered to 20
      children; by one shot intravenous injection in the doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg
      to each of 3 children, and by intravenous drip infusion in the doses of 20 and 40
      mg/kg over a period of 1 hour to 8 and 3 children, respectively, and the serum
      levels, urinary levels and recovery rates were determined. ASPC was administered
      to 1 patient with tuberculous pleurisy in the dose of 20 mg/kg by one shot
      intravenous injection, then the thoracic fluid level and serum level were
      determined. In addition, ASPC was administered to 3 children with tonsillitis, 3
      with bronchitis, 40 with pneumonia, one each for pleuropneumonia, pleurisy, lung
      abscess, scarlet fever, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and purulent
      lymphadenitis and 2 with UTI (total 54 children), in the mean dose of 81.4
      mg/kg/day t.i.d. (12 children) or q.i.d. (42 children) by one shot intravenous
      injection for 6 days on the average, and clinical effectiveness and
      bacteriological response were evaluated in these cases, and adverse reactions and
      abnormal laboratory findings were examined in the 60 cases which included 6 drop
      out cases. After the administration of ASPC to 9 children; 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg to
      each of 3 children, by one shot intravenous injection, the mean serum levels
      reached to the peak of 58.4, 147.0 and 221.0 mcg/ml, respectively, in 5 minutes.
      The mean half-lives were 1.03, 1.01 and 1.23 hours, and the mean areas under the
      curve (AUCs) were 44.9, 94.1 and 192.9 mcg X hr/ml, respectively. A dose response
      was seen among the 3 dosage levels. After the administration of ASPC to 11
      children; 20 and 40 mg/kg to 8 and 3 children, respectively, by intravenous drip
      infusion over a period of 1 hour, the mean serum levels reached to the peak of
      58.2 and 114.0 mcg/ml, respectively, on completion of the administration. The
      mean half-lives were 1.22 and 1.09 hours, and the mean AUCs were 109.4 and 181.7
      mcg X hr/ml, respectively. A dose response was observed between the 2 dosage
      levels. In the above mentioned each 3 cases receiving one shot intravenous
      injection in the dose of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, the mean urinary levels of ASPC
      reached to the peak of 1,000.0, 2,300.0 and 4,350.0 mcg/ml, respectively, at 0
      approximately 2 hours after the administration, and the urinary recovery rates
      during the first 6 hours were 66.1, 66.5 and 56.9%, respectively.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4068230
TI  - [Progress in the endocrine therapy of breast cancer].

PMID- 4068229
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of aspoxicillin in children].
AB  - Aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new semisynthetic penicillin, was administered to a total
      of 13 children with respiratory tract and other various infections. Respiratory
      tract infections in 7 of 13 children were treated with ASPC intravenously, 64 to
      144 mg/kg/day t.d.s. or q.i.d. The other 6 patients with various types of
      infections were also treated with the combination of ASPC and other antibiotics.
      Their clinical and laboratory data were evaluated only for adverse reactions.
      Concentration of ASPC level in serum and urine was determined after 60 minutes
      intravenous drip infusion of 20 mg/kg/dose of ASPC dissolved with the solution of
      solita T3 in 3 children. The half-life of ASPC was 0.76 to 2.31 hours and urinary
      excretion rate was 53.0% in first 6 hours. The effectiveness rate in respiratory
      tract infections was 100%. Clinical side effects were not recognized except loose
      stool in 1 case. The increase and decrease of platelet counts and the elevation
      of GPT were encountered 3 of 13 cases.

PMID- 4068231
TI  - [Clinico-pathological studies of non-palpable breast lesions with
      mammographically detected microcalcifications].
AB  - Fourty-two patients with suspected non-palpable cancer of the breast due to
      microcalcifications detected by mammography were studied. Histologically,
      carcinoma was found in 17 cases (40.5%) and benign lesions in 25 cases (32 foci)
      at biopsy or operation. Eight cases of these carcinomas were noninvasive and
      seven were microinvasive. Axillary metastasis was present in only one case. Sites
      of calcifications were confined to the area of carcinoma in 12 patients; both
      within a carcinoma and adjacent benign lesions in 3; only within the adjacent
      benign diseases in two. The features of microcalcification was not always useful
      to differentiate accurately the benign from the malignant. Therefore, local
      excision is essential to ensure histological diagnosis in the non-palpable breast
      lesions with microcalcification.

PMID- 4068232
TI  - [Mastopathy associated with early breast cancer].
AB  - Using 436 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma less than 2.0 cm in diameter
      mastectomized at the Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, during 9 years from 1965
      to 1973, association of mastopathy with breast cancer were analysed. Out of 436
      cases, 128 (29.4%) were associated with mastopathy, and the association of
      mastopathy varied according to histologic type of breast cancer. The highest
      incidence was observed in carcinoma of papillotubular prototype and the lowest in
      carcinoma of medullary tubular prototype. Pure scirrhous carcinoma came between
      them. No correlationship was recognized between the grade of scirrhous stromal
      infiltration and incidence of mastopathy.

PMID- 4068233
TI  - [Recent advances in mammographic diagnosis with respect to its technical
      aspects].
AB  - Technological advance has made remarkable improvements in image quality in the
      field of X-ray mammography which ensure to successful management of breast cancer
      in Japan. We convince simple mammographic technique is the state of arts in early
      detection of the curable breast cancer, however, attempts for further progress
      with respect to technology and its medical applications should be performed. Our
      fundamental and clinical works on this theme were presented here.

PMID- 4068234
TI  - [The significance of X-ray diagnosis of breast diseases].
AB  - In general, the breasts themselves of Japanese women are small because their
      breast fatty tissues are not so developed as those of Caucasian women. Therefore,
      conventional mammogram tends to show a poor contrast of a tumor in the
      surrounding breast tissues. In order to overcome the poor contrast, we have been
      taking the picture of compression spot by a special small cone. Our compression
      spot studies made it possible to show the margin of the tumor shadow more clearly
      and to reveal the features of minute calcification more precisely. As the results
      of our experience using these procedures, we believe that the compression spot
      studies following the conventional mammograms are the most useful diagnostic
      technique for breast cancers. In addition to describe the clinical significance
      of the X-ray examination for breast cancers, we also discuss the mammographical
      differential diagnosis between the cancers and benign lesions mimicking cancers.

PMID- 4068235
TI  - [Clinical advantage of xeroradiography in the diagnosis of breast cancer].
AB  - Xeroradiography is an excellent method of visualizing soft tissue structures in
      mammography. A feature of xeroradiography is the edge effect and wide recording
      latitude, which permit visualization of variety of tissue densities. Recent
      advancement in film mammography using molybdenum anode and film-screen system
      appears to exceed xeroradiography in spatial resolution and sensitivity. In the
      large breast, however, the characteristic lower energy radiation of molybdenum
      anode is almost absorbed by the glandular tissue, resulting in a loss of image
      quality and reduced diagnostic accuracy. Xeroradiography can maintain the good
      contrast resolution even in such a case.

PMID- 4068236
TI  - [Progress of Japan Mammary Cancer Society and future perspectives].
AB  - One of the important past achievements of the Japan Mammary Cancer Society was
      the establishment of the general rule for clinical and pathological record of
      mammary cancer. The past two decades have seen major changes in our understanding
      of the biology of the breast cancer as well as in diagnosis and management. The
      prediction of the future is extremely difficult. However, there is a future need
      to develop tests of tumor and host potential for spread. A future goal of
      chemotherapy selectivity would be to develop ways of testing for drug selection.

PMID- 4068237
TI  - [A randomized controlled study of adjuvant immunotherapy with N-CWS for head and
      neck malignancies].
AB  - The nonspecific adjuvant immunotherapeutic effectiveness of the cell wall
      skeleton of Nocardia rubra (N-CWS) was studied in patients with head-and-neck
      malignancies. This study involved 390 patients seen from March 1980 to July 1982.
      The patients qualifying for statistical analysis were limited to 276 with
      squamous cell carcinoma without a vestige of tumor after four months of radical
      therapy. They were divided into two background-factors matched groups of 132
      immunotherapy and 144 control patients. The overall two-year nonrecurrence rate
      was 70.4% for the immunotherapy group and 67.1% for the control. This difference,
      however, was amplified, when the patients' stages were limited to III and IV:
      66.6% for the immunotherapy group and 55.3% for the control.

PMID- 4068238
TI  - [Cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity to costus root oil in lung cancer].
AB  - Costus root oil is a new primary sensitizer for examining the delayed, cell
      mediated immune system. Ninety-nine patients with lung cancer were tested for
      skin reactions to costus root oil. The incidence of positive reactions to costus
      root oil decreased with the progress of lung cancer. The percentage of lung
      cancer patients who survived was significantly greater for positive than for
      negative patients. This study shows that skin reactions to costus root oil are
      related the tumor growth and prognosis in lung cancer.

PMID- 4068239
TI  - [Gastric cancer and serum zinc content].
AB  - Changes in the serum zinc content of patients with gastric cancer were
      investigated in connection with the size of the primary lesion, the depth of
      invasion into the gastric wall, the presence or absence of liver metastasis and
      the histological types. The serum zinc content of the patients decreased along
      with the progress of the cancer. The changes in serum zinc were closely related
      to the extent and severity of the disease, but were independent of the presence
      of liver metastasis and of the histological types in patients with gastric
      cancer. As a cause of decreasing serum zinc in cancer patients, a decrease of
      serum albumin was emphasized. The relationship between the decrease of serum zinc
      and accumulation of zinc in the tumor tissue in patients with gastric cancer
      could not be elucidated.

PMID- 4068240
TI  - [Clinical study on serum immunosuppressive factors in gastric cancer patients-
      with special reference to preoperative ferritin levels and influence of surgical
      stress].
AB  - Serum ferritin values were measured preoperatively in 83 patients with gastric
      cancer and were found to be significantly higher than in normal subjects and
      mammary cancer patients. They were also significantly higher in healthy men than
      in women and in gastric cancer patients at stages I and IV than in those at stage
      III. There was no significant correlation between the serum ferritin value and
      various immunologic parameters. OK-432 serially administered pre- and
      postoperatively (A) and only postoperatively (B). The ferritin value increased
      markedly at one week postoperatively, reaching a peak at two weeks; at four
      weeks, it was reduced toward the value at one week. However, these changes in
      ferritin value showed no significant difference between groups A and B.

PMID- 4068241
TI  - [Relationship between cholecystectomy and the subsequent development of
      colorectal carcinoma].
AB  - In order to clarify the presence or absence of a relationship between
      cholecystectomy and the subsequent development of colorectal carcinoma, we
      compared the incidence of previous cholecystectomy in 448 patients with
      colorectal cancer and in 1627 with gastric cancer, who had been treated in our
      clinic during the 21 year period through 1963 to 1983. There was no statistically
      significant difference in the incidence of previous cholecystectomy between
      patients with colorectal and gastric cancer. We then performed an historical
      cohort study covering 461 patients undergoing cholecystectomy for gallstone
      during the 32 year period from 1949 to 1981 for the subsequent occurrence of
      carcinoma of the colorectum and stomach. The observed incidence was one in colon
      cancer and six in gastric cancer, showing a similar proportion of the development
      of both carcinomas in our district. The present study showed no evidence of
      cholecystectomy being an increased risk for the development of colorectal
      carcinoma.

PMID- 4068242
TI  - [Clinical and immunological study on the high incidence of malignant neoplasms in
      patients with chronic renal failure].
AB  - With the advancement of dialysis techniques, rehabilitation and high morbidity
      are becoming serious problems for patients with chronic renal failure. The
      authors, with the purpose of investigating the carcinogenic state of such
      patients, studied the incidence of malignant neoplasms and their immunity both
      clinically and fundamentally. Out of 499 patients with chronic renal failure,
      malignant neoplasms were found in 17 cases (3.40%), which is obviously a high
      rate with a statistically significant difference from that of the ordinary
      healthy population. In the fundamental immunity study, OKM1+ cells of the
      patients were significantly lower than those of healthy people, and a decrease in
      NK and K cells was inferred. Incidentally, the lymphocytes of patients strongly
      inhibited the mitogen response of healthy subjects. This decline in cellular
      immunity is considered to be closely related to the carcinogenicity of patients
      with chronic renal failure.

PMID- 4068243
TI  - [Chemosensitivity testing using stem cell assay in urological and other
      malignancies].
AB  - We have attempted to grow several kinds of malignant tumors using human tumor
      stem cell assay. Formation of colonies in vitro was seen in 65 of 132 primary
      tumors (49%), including 25 of 41 (61%) uroepithelial cancers, 12 of 19 (63%)
      renal cancers, five of 12 (42%) testicular cancers, five of 21 (24%)
      gastrointestinal malignancies, five of 12 (42%) lung cancers, five of 11 (45%)
      hematopoietic malignancies and five of 16 (31%) other malignancies. Growth
      sufficient for in vitro chemosensitivity tests of CDDP developed from seven cases
      of uroepithelial cancer, three of them (43%) were sensitive to 2.5 micrograms X
      hour/ml of CDDP. The specimens from a metastatic testicular tumors that received
      several courses of PVB chemotherapy resulted in the resistance of the in vitro
      chemosensitivity test at a higher dosage of CDDP. Nine cases of renal cancer had
      sufficient growth for an in vitro chemosesitivity test of interferon. One of them
      was sensitive for alpha 2 type interferon. Three of seven cases were sensitive
      for alpha type of interferon. To predict clinical correlation, 19 patients were
      tested with the same drugs used in the in vitro chemosensitivity test. The
      predictability resulted in more than 60% of true positive, 91% of true negative
      and 86% of overall predictability.

PMID- 4068244
TI  - [A case of multiple extracranial meningiomas].
AB  - A case of multiple extracranial meningiomas, occurring in the orbita, both
      ethmoidal sinuses and the frontal sinus of a 60-year-old man, is reported. These
      meningiomas were histologically similar and diagnosed as transitional type benign
      meningioma. On whole body examinations including CT scans, we could not find any
      other primary foci. There fore, these meningiomas were thought to be a case of
      multiple extracranial meningiomas occurring at the same time. As for multiple
      extracranial meningiomas, this is the first case report in Japan. In general,
      extracranial meningiomas have been thought to be derived from ectopic arachnoid
      cell rests. Our case will be extremely important in the light of the histogenesis
      of extracranial meningiomas.

PMID- 4068245
TI  - [A case of multiple cavernous hemangiomas of the lung].
AB  - A case of multiple cavernous hemangiomas of the lung is presented. A 61-year-old
      woman was suffering from mitral stenosis and insufficiency. On the chest
      roentgenogram, multiple tumor shadows were revealed at all the lobes of the lung.
      She had been followed up for about 10 years under the diagnosis of the metastatic
      carcinoma of the lung. But no tumor lesion had been found at any other organs.
      Throughout this period, the tumor shadows had not changed in size or number. She
      died of congestive heart failure, and an autopsy was performed. Histologically,
      the tumors were diagnosed as cavernous hemangiomas and differentiated from
      arteriovenous fistula or sclerosing hemangioma.

PMID- 4068246
TI  - [Focal nodular hyperplasia-like lesion of the liver associated with thorotrast
      liver disease--report of a case].
AB  - A 66-year-old man with Thorotrast liver disease underwent a partial hepatectomy
      for a small tumor of the liver, which was demonstrated by digital subtraction
      angiography. The resected specimen was grossly a sharply circumscribed, gray
      yellow nodule, 7.5 mm in diameter. Microscopically, the nodule was an ill-defined
      hepatic cell mass, which was divided by fine fibrous septa irregularly and
      incompletely. Central veins and Glisson's capsules were not observed inside the
      nodule. Bile duct proliferation and infiltration of lymphocytes were found in the
      fibrous septa. There were Thorotrast depositions within the fibrous tissues
      around the nodule. Because a typical fibrous boundary and central scar were not
      found, we have termed this condition a focal nodular hyperplasia-like lesion. A
      relationship between focal nodular, hyperplasia as a precancerous state and
      Thorotrast liver disease was suggested.

PMID- 4068247
TI  - [Multiple gastric carcinoma with a coexisting gastric carcinoid--report of a
      case].
AB  - A 54-year-old man was operated on for multiple gastric carcinoma. A carcinoid
      tumor was found within Borrmann 3 type adenocarcinoma (well-differentiated)
      through examination of the resected stomach. Another carcinoma was II c type,
      moderately differentiated. The carcinoid seemed to be so-called submucosal tumor
      on the cut surface. Histologically, the carcinoid showed a less-differentiated
      trabecular arrangement, which was classified as the Soga D type. Argyrophilic
      reaction was positive (Grimelius) and argentaffin negative (Masson-Fontana).
      Secretory granules were seen by electron microscopy. Carcinoid syndrome was
      absent, and postoperative assays of 5-HT and 5-HIAA were within normal range.

PMID- 4068248
TI  - [Combination chemotherapy in malignant lymphoma. Results of long-term follow-up].

PMID- 4068249
TI  - [Possible modality for overcoming drug resistance].

PMID- 4068250
TI  - [Treatment of minimal residual leukemia].

PMID- 4068251
TI  - [Inhibitors against factor VIII and IX in hemophilia].

PMID- 4068252
TI  - [Natural killer cell activity and tissue distribution in malignant lymphoma].

PMID- 4068253
TI  - [Remission induction failures in adult acute non-lymphocytic leukemia].

PMID- 4068254
TI  - [Myelodysplastic syndromes as preleukemic states].

PMID- 4068255
TI  - [A case of double malignant neoplasms with posthepatitis aplastic anemia and
      Stevens-Johnson-like syndrome induced by drugs].

PMID- 4068256
TI  - [Two cases of reactive histiocytosis complicated with malignant lymphoma].

PMID- 4068257
TI  - [Sjogren's syndrome in a patient with familial Pelger-Huet anomaly].

PMID- 4068259
TI  - [Blood and urine analyses and immunological examinations--interpretation of the
      test data (I)].

PMID- 4068258
TI  - [Cimetidine-induced hypoplastic anemia complicated by hepatoma: report of a
      case].

PMID- 4068261
TI  - [Clinical application of therapeutic drug monitoring of antiepileptic drugs].

PMID- 4068260
TI  - [Arachidonic acid metabolism in platelets].

PMID- 4068262
TI  - [Sensitive quantitative determination of CRP by latex photometric immunoassay.
      III. Determination of CRP in the cerebrospinal fluid and its clinical
      significance].

PMID- 4068263
TI  - [The problems in the platelet aggregation test--the effects of time and
      containers for PRP storage].

PMID- 4068264
TI  - [Studies on the mechanism of the "key type" albumin fraction].

PMID- 4068266
TI  - [32d Congress of the Japanese Society of Clinical Pathology. September 21-23,
      1985, Matsumoto, Japan. Abstracts].

PMID- 4068265
TI  - [Adenosquamous cell carcinoma of gastrointestinal tract. II. Large intestine].

PMID- 4068267
TI  - [Diagnosis of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma by cholangiography].

PMID- 4068268
TI  - [Diagnostic imaging of thickening of the gallbladder wall; angiographic approach
      to differentiation between cancer and chronic cholecystitis].

PMID- 4068269
TI  - [Diagnostic criteria for early detection of cancer of the gallbladder by
      angiography].

PMID- 4068270
TI  - [Radionuclide angiography in the follow-up study of bypass surgery].

PMID- 4068271
TI  - [New technic for ultra-superselective hepatic angiography using a 3 Fr. balloon
      catheter guide].

PMID- 4068272
TI  - [Simplification of selective left bronchial arteriography by the "LB catheter"].

PMID- 4068273
TI  - [Radionuclide assessment of 7 cases of primary cardiac tumor].

PMID- 4068274
TI  - [Inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung].

PMID- 4068276
TI  - [Angiographical findings of popliteal artery entrapment syndrome].

PMID- 4068275
TI  - [Early renal carcinoma: clinical features, CT, and angiography].

PMID- 4068277
TI  - [Radionuclide imaging of Warthin's tumor].

PMID- 4068278
TI  - [Two cases of cerebellar medulloblastoma associated with seeding in the
      suprasellar cistern].

PMID- 4068279
TI  - [Ruptured cerebral aneurysm associated with chronic subdural hematoma and unusual
      extravasation of contrast medium during angiography].

PMID- 4068280
TI  - [A case of bilateral carotid radiation angiopathy].

PMID- 4068281
TI  - [A case of microcystic adenoma of the pancreas--with special references to
      radiological diagnosis].

PMID- 4068282
TI  - [A case of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome].

PMID- 4068283
TI  - [A case of splenic cavernous hemangioma].

PMID- 4068285
TI  - [Primary hemangiosarcoma of the right atrium].

PMID- 4068284
TI  - [The value of epinephrine-enhanced renal arteriography in the diagnosis of small
      renal cell carcinomas].

PMID- 4068286
TI  - [Traumatic aneurysms--due to penetrating and nonpenetrating head injuries].

PMID- 4068287
TI  - [Basilar artery aneurysm associated with megadolichobasilar anomaly in pulseless
      disease].

PMID- 4068288
TI  - [A case report of a suspected large intrahepatic tumor-like lesion of non-Hodgkin
      lymphoma originating from the left tonsil].

PMID- 4068289
TI  - [A case of cystic lymphangioma of the colon].

PMID- 4068290
TI  - [Intrathoracic kidney: a case report].

PMID- 4068291
TI  - [Adult adrenal neuroblastoma with venous involvement].

PMID- 4068292
TI  - [Retrospective study of the previous X-ray film of lung cancer cases detected by
      radiographic mass survey].

PMID- 4068293
TI  - [Computed tomographic evaluation of the resectability of bronchogenic carcinoma].

PMID- 4068294
TI  - [Diagnostic imaging of vascular invasion in hilar-type lung cancer--comparative
      studies of angiography and CT in resected cases].

PMID- 4068295
TI  - [CT evaluation of postsurgical patients in lung cancer].

PMID- 4068296
TI  - [Radiologic pathologic correlation of interstitial pneumonia].

PMID- 4068297
TI  - [Computed tomographic study of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia].

PMID- 4068298
TI  - [Miliary mycoplasmal pneumonia--a report of a pediatric case].

PMID- 4068299
TI  - [A study of paraquat lung].

PMID- 4068300
TI  - [Phalangeal microgeodic disease].

PMID- 4068301
TI  - [Study of hair discs (II)].

PMID- 4068302
TI  - [Histopathological study of the skin lesions of Gardner's syndrome; pathogenesis
      of the cystic lesions].

PMID- 4068303
TI  - [Sports dermatological study of skin diseases in high school baseball players].

PMID- 4068304
TI  - [Successful induction of hydroa vacciniforme lesions with monochromatic
      ultraviolet light].

PMID- 4068305
TI  - [Experimental studies on the pathogenesis of cysteamine induced duodenal ulcer in
      rats].

PMID- 4068306
TI  - [The influence of tissue hemoglobin on argon laser induced fluorescence in
      gastrointestinal mucosa].

PMID- 4068307
TI  - [Effect of prostaglandin derivatives on gastric mucosal glycoproteins with 70%
      ethanol-induced gastric damage in rats].

PMID- 4068308
TI  - [Clinical significance of anaerobic gram-negative bacteria in hepatic
      encephalopathy and the therapeutic effects of vancomycin hydrochloride on hepatic
      encephalopathy].

PMID- 4068309
TI  - [Delta infection in Japan: a serological study].

PMID- 4068310
TI  - [Hemodynamic study of the change in superior mesenteric venous blood flow in
      patients with portal hypertension].

PMID- 4068311
TI  - [Quantitative assay of endotoxin using a fluorescent probe].

PMID- 4068312
TI  - [Separatory determination of bile acid glucuronides in human bile].

PMID- 4068313
TI  - [Experimental studies on the significance of the measurement of serum pancreatic
      secretory trypsin inhibitor in acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 4068314
TI  - [Endoscopic measurement of pancreatic main ductal pressure in the various stages
      of chronic pancreatitis and the effect of exogenous secretin and glucagon on
      pancreatic ductal pressure].

PMID- 4068315
TI  - [A case report of squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach].

PMID- 4068316
TI  - [Toxic megacolon associated with ulcerative colitis--report of two cases].

PMID- 4068317
TI  - [An autopsy case of alcoholic liver cirrhosis with marked atrophy of thyroid
      tissues].

PMID- 4068318
TI  - [A case of protein-losing gastroenteropathy accompanied by alcoholic liver
      cirrhosis successfully treated by anti-plasmin agent].

PMID- 4068319
TI  - [A case of pancreatic mucinous cystadenoma showing a communication with the main
      pancreatic duct].

PMID- 4068320
TI  - [A study on factors concerned with smoking behavior among pupils of junior high
      school. Part 2. Knowledge of disease caused by smoking and the living environment
      associated with smoking behavior].

PMID- 4068321
TI  - [Growth curve and age of maximum increment in the mean height for Koreans].

PMID- 4068322
TI  - [Studies on silicosis as reported in migrant workers. (Report 3)-- Mortality
      among migrant workers in tunnelling works].

PMID- 4068323
TI  - [Trends in mean age at death by major causes in Japan standardized in terms of
      the age structure of the population].

PMID- 4068324
TI  - [A study on the placental transfer of mercury in pregnant women].

PMID- 4068325
TI  - [Ischemic heart disease in the elderly].

PMID- 4068326
TI  - [Cardiomyopathy in the elderly].

PMID- 4068327
TI  - [A clinicopathologic study on valvular diseases among 4,000 consecutive autopsies
      of the aged].

PMID- 4068328
TI  - [Arrhythmias in the elderly patients: atrial fibrillation].

PMID- 4068329
TI  - [Arterial diseases of the aged--with special reference to the reconstructive
      vascular surgery for athero-occlusive diseases of the lower extremity and renal
      artery, and the abdominal aortic aneurysm].

PMID- 4068330
TI  - [Studies on serum lipids and blood coagulation-fibrinolytic system in aged
      patients with old cerebral thrombosis].

PMID- 4068331
TI  - [Brain atrophy in Parkinson's disease--cerebral and cerebellar atrophy].

PMID- 4068332
TI  - [14th Congress of the Japanese Society of Gerontology and the 27th Congress of
      the Japan Geriatrics Society. September 27-29, Tokyo, Japan. Abstracts].

PMID- 4068333
TI  - [Effects of cadmium on urinary electrolytes and essential metals in rats].

PMID- 4068334
TI  - [Storage stability of adsorbed organic solvents on charcoal tubes].

PMID- 4068335
TI  - [The response of monoamines in the rat brain to local vibration exposure].
AB  - An experimental study was performed to investigate the effects of local vibration
      on the brain monoamines of rats. The rats' hind limbs were exposed to vertical
      sinusoidal vibration at frequencies of 20-960 Hz under constant acceleration of
      50 m/S2 for 240 min. Rats were decapitated immediately after the exposure, the
      brains were quickly removed from the cranium and blood was collected in a
      heparinized beaker. The brain was divided into seven regions on an ice plate, and
      the changes of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in the
      whole brain or regional brains were examined. Furthermore, to investigate the
      mechanism of the appearance of peripheral effects induced by local vibration, the
      response of plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity was observed with and
      without pretreatment by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), known as a drug for chemical
      sympathectomy. The amines were determined by fluorometry and DBH activity was by
      radioimmunoassay. The results obtained were as follows: NE level in the whole
      brain showed a tendency to decrease compared with the controls at a frequency of
      120 Hz and an acceleration of 50 m/S2. Levels of DA and 5-HT in the whole brain
      showed no particular changes at any frequencies used in the present study. In the
      study of regional brains, NE showed a tendency to decrease at a frequency of 60
      Hz and a significant decrease at a frequency of 120 Hz in the hypothalamus. In
      the hippocampus, NE showed significant decreases at frequencies of 60 Hz, 120 Hz
      and 240 Hz, especially at 120 Hz. DA showed a tendency to decrease in the
      striatum at a frequency of 20 Hz and a significant increase at a frequency of 60
      Hz in the medulla oblongata and pons. 5-HT showed a significant increase in the
      hypothalamus at frequencies of 20 Hz and 120 Hz. The changes in brain amines
      induced by local vibration were compared with those by whole body vibration. By
      exposure to local vibration at a frequency of 20 Hz and acceleration of 50 m/S2,
      the amines in the whole brain were not meaningfully affected, whereas in whole
      body vibration at the same frequency and acceleration significant effects were
      observed. NE level was decreased significantly to 57% of that of the control in
      whole body vibration (20 Hz, 50 m/S2) and showed a tendency to decrease to 79% of
      that of the control in local vibration (120 Hz, 50 m/S2). Thus the effect of
      whole body vibration was much greater than that by local vibration.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4068336
TI  - [A simple determination of phenol in urine by high performance liquid
      chromatography].
AB  - A simple analytical method for urinary phenol by high performance liquid
      chromatography was tested. This procedure consists of the following three steps:
      hydrolysis of urine with hydrochloric acid, extraction of phenols with
      isopropylether, separation and determination of phenol by high performance liquid
      chromatography, under the following operating conditions: column, LiChrosorb RP
      18 (250 mm X 4 mm, I.D.); mobile phase, acetonitrile-water (3: 7, v/v) with a
      flow rate of 0.8 ml/min; column temperature, 40 degrees C; detection, UV monitor
      at 270 nm. The detection limit (signal-to-noise ratio = 2) was 1 ng. The
      analytical results by this method were compared with those obtained by another
      method used for gas chromatography. The analytical results obtained by the two
      methods were in good agreement (r = 0.998) for 30 normal urine samples tested.
      The geometrical average value for phenol in normal urine samples (n = 30) was 8.2
      micrograms/ml. Therefore this method was proved to be useful for biological
      monitoring of benzene exposure.

PMID- 4068337
TI  - Local skin thermal responses to heat radiation.
AB  - Infrared heat radiation was directed onto the backs of healthy female subjects
      wearing a white or a black dress. Local skin thermal reactions of the back and
      the thigh were observed with reference to clothing color in a climate chamber
      where the ambient temperature was set at 20, 25 or 30 degrees C. Heat flow, skin
      temperature and air temperature under the clothing were measured. In the absence
      of radiation, skin temperature was higher than air temperature under clothing on
      the back and the thigh. Heat radiation caused both skin temperature and air
      temperature under clothing to rise, but the rise was considerably greater with
      black clothing than with white. As the effect of radiation was indirect, heat
      flow direction at the thigh was the same as in the absence of radiation. The
      thermal resistance index was calculated from skin temperature, air temperature
      under clothing and heat flow. Upon radiation exposure, the index of a black
      clothed back tended to decrease with rising globe temperature. On the contrary,
      the index of a white-clothed back increased from a low negative value. This index
      is useful in assessing the skin-cloth system.

PMID- 4068338
TI  - [The effects of tetraethyl lead on behavior in rats].
AB  - The effects of 10 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg intraperitoneally administered triethyl lead
      on rats were observed through measurement of the following: changes in body
      weight, passive aggressiveness, wheel running activity, the performance level of
      Rota-Rod Treadmill, and emotional responses in the open field. The results
      obtained were as follows: Weight losses of TEL-treated rats were recorded from 2
      days after injection to 20 days after injection. Scores of passive aggressiveness
      were drastically increased following administration of TEL. Maximum passive
      aggressiveness was observed 4 days after injection and it continued until 13 days
      after injection. Wheel running activity was decreased for 2 days after injection.
      It was observed that TEL-treated rats showed extreme reaction on the wheel
      running activity test for about 30 days after administration. Endurance on the
      Rota-Rod Treadmill was significantly reduced in the 10 mg/kg group. The amount of
      defecation, ambulation and rearing of the treated group as measured by covariance
      analysis did not differ from that of the controls. The whole time course of
      intoxication and the precise measurement of neurotoxicity due to TEL could be
      followed using the techniques of behavioral toxicology.

PMID- 4068339
TI  - [On the accuracy of fetal heart rate variability (STV and LTV) measurement].

PMID- 4068340
TI  - [Three-dimensional measurement of dental casts using laser and image-sensor].

PMID- 4068341
TI  - [The effect of central nervous system diseases on the predictive time delay
      control function].

PMID- 4068342
TI  - [A 3-dimensional simulation of excitation front propagation in the myocardium].

PMID- 4068343
TI  - [Measurements of characteristics of Holter ECG and its evaluation for ST segment
      analysis].

PMID- 4068344
TI  - [Basic study on transcutaneous biotelemetry using scattered light].

PMID- 4068345
TI  - [Standards for toco-monitors].

PMID- 4068346
TI  - Variations of interferon inactivators and/or inhibitors in human serum and their
      relationship to interferon therapy.
AB  - Anti-interferon (IFN) activities of normal human sera and sera from cases
      suspected of viral infection were determined. Of the normal sera tested (57), 65%
      presented anti-IFN activities against IFN-alpha and/or -beta preparations; 61%
      against IFN-beta and 32% against IFN-alpha. Of the sera from suspected virus
      infected individuals (44), 82% presented anti-IFN activity to IFN-beta and 57% to
      IFN-alpha with the majority of sera (91%) exerting anti-IFN activities to IFN
      alpha and/or -beta preparation. The observed variations of anti-IFN alpha and
      beta activities of human sera appear to be reproducible and should be taken into
      consideration in the clinical application of IFN.

PMID- 4068347
TI  - Peritrichous flagella in mesophilic strains of Aeromonas.
AB  - A total of 186 mesophilic strains of Aeromonas, comprising 151 A. hydrophila and
      35 A. caviae, were tested for peritrichous flagella by Leifson's staining method.
      When incubated on solid medium for 18 hr at 22 C, peritrichous flagella were
      demonstrated in 28 (18.5%) of the 151 strains of A. hydrophila and in 6 (17.1%)
      of the 35 strains of A. caviae. The peritrichous flagella in these 34 mesophilic
      strains of Aeromonas were also observed by electron microscopy.

PMID- 4068348
TI  - [Multigated cardiac blood-pool study using the converging collimator in infants].

PMID- 4068349
TI  - [A gated scintigraphy by the second heart sound and the electrocardiographic R
      wave and its clinical evaluation in a phantom study].

PMID- 4068350
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical study of the free triiodothyronine RIA kit (Amerlex)].

PMID- 4068351
TI  - [Application of 99mTc-MAA perfusion scintigraphy for the diagnosis and management
      of pulmonary thrombolism--a report of two cases].

PMID- 4068352
TI  - [A case of malignant glioma diagnosed by MRI].

PMID- 4068353
TI  - [Mechanisms of depressed left ventricular early diastolic filling in patients
      with coronary artery disease].

PMID- 4068354
TI  - [Matrix size and ventilation indexes for generating functional images by single
      breath washout with xenon gas].

PMID- 4068355
TI  - [Evaluation of washout rate in the healthy myocardium using the stress thallium
      scan].

PMID- 4068357
TI  - [The 25th Congress of the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine. October 9-11,
      1985, Tokushima, Japan. Abstracts].

PMID- 4068356
TI  - [First-pass radionuclide angiocardiographic assessment of left ventricular
      diastolic function in patients with old myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4068358
TI  - Histologic features and bile duct lesions in the alcoholic.
AB  - Histologic features of 112 liver biopsy specimens from patients with alcoholic
      liver injury were studied. Alcoholic hyalin was found in 6 specimens (5.4%).
      Spherical giant mitochondria were detected in 9 specimens (8.0%). Fatty
      metamorphosis, infiltration by polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and pericellular
      fibrosis were observed in many specimens. Zonal or submassive necrosis was also
      found in 20 specimens (17.9%). Cholestasis was seen in 32 specimens (28.6%).
      Histologic changes in interlobular bile ducts were investigated in 103 specimens
      containing such ducts. Among 31 specimens with cholestasis, changes in
      interlobular bile ducts were detected in 19 specimens (61.3%), whereas biopsy
      specimens without cholestasis showed the changes in only 4 of 72 (5.6%). Changes
      observed in interlobular bile ducts included inflammatory cell infiltration and
      vacuolation of epithelium in most specimens. Swollen or flattened epithelial
      cells, karyopyknosis and eosinophilic degeneration were observed in many. These
      results suggest that the changes of interlobular bile ducts may be partially
      related to cholestasis in alcoholic liver injury.

PMID- 4068359
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with
      idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
AB  - An increased incidence of lung cancer and epithelial metaplasia or hyperplasia
      which is felt to be as a precursor of cancer, has been reported in patients with
      idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In this study, carcinoembryonic antigen
      (CEA) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was measured in 53 control patients,
      31 patients with sarcoidosis, 10 patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 16
      patients with primary lung cancer and 26 patients with histologically confirmed
      IPF. High ratio of CEA to albumin (Alb), exceeding mean + 2SD of nonsmoking
      control patients, were found in 8 (25%) out of 32 smoking control patients, 4
      (44%) out of 9 nonsmoking patients with IPF, 8 (62%) out of 13 smoking patients
      with IPF, 3 (75%) out of 4 smoking patients with IPF and lung cancer and 13 (81%)
      out of 16 patients with primary lung cancer, although BAL was performed at the
      noncancerous parts of the lung in the cases of lung cancer. Furthermore, it was
      confirmed that CEA increased in BAL fluid in these subjects were different from
      nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) which was detectable in the normal lung.
      Thus we consider that the increase of CEA/Alb ratio in BAL fluid is a possible
      marker of these early histological disorders in the lung, and also suggests a
      greater risk of malignant change in the clinical course of IPF.

PMID- 4068360
TI  - Amino acid patterns in human gastric juice in health and gastric disease.
AB  - The amino acids in human gastric juice were measured in the hospital control (n =
      9), gastric ulcer (n = 10), duodenal ulcer (n = 12), gastroduodenal ulcer (n =
      9), and gastric cancer patients (n = 16) by high performance liquid
      chromatography, and the total of 15 kinds of amino acids was correlated with
      value determined by Ninhydrin method. The patients with gastric cancer had
      elevated levels of all amino acids, especially alanine, leucine, valine and
      threonine. In all but the gastric cancer disease groups, the aromatic amino
      acids, phenylalanine and tyrosine as well as leucine were at high levels in 15
      amino acids. The different patterns of amino acids in these four groups tended to
      correlate with the variabilities of protein loss from the gastric wall.

PMID- 4068361
TI  - Three cases of recurrent generalized muscle spasms in China.
AB  - Three cases of recurrent generalized muscle spasms were reported. All three cases
      are of Chinese descent and show some typical features of recurrent painful muscle
      cramps, alopecia, diarrhea and abnormalities of bone and endocrine systems.
      Recurrent generalized muscle spasms or Satoyoshi's disease is recognized as an
      entity of the disease not only in Japan but also in China. The result that one of
      the three cases is associated with myasthenia gravis might suggest an
      immunological abnormality as a mechanism of the disease.

PMID- 4068362
TI  - Chronic gastritis.

PMID- 4068363
TI  - Experimental basis and clinical application of body surface isopotential map.

PMID- 4068364
TI  - Continuous measurement of fluid mobilization from ICF space following acute
      dehydration by dialyzation in dogs.
AB  - The changes of the distribution of body fluid following acute isotonic
      dialyzation were studied from the results of continuous monitoring of
      extracellular fluid volume and physiological parameters. An indicator of
      extracellular space, 51Cr-EDTA, was injected into splenonephrectomized dogs.
      After the equilibrium of tracer dilution was attained, 10 ml/kg of plasma water
      was isotonically withdrawn by means of a dialyzer of hollow fiber type. The
      volumes of extracellular fluid (ECF) and plasma (PV) were continuously monitored
      for 80 min and plasma osmolality was measured at 10 min intervals. At the 50-60th
      min after the fluid modification, the reduction of PV was only 3.8 ml/kg and that
      of ECF was 4.2 ml/kg. The continuous profile of ECF change showed a significant
      mobilization of water from intracellular fluid (ICF) soon after the dialyzation.
      It is concluded that, in the state of hypovolemia, plasma fluid is replenished
      with the transvascular fluid absorption from interstitial space and that,
      concomitantly, the reduction of ISF is restituted with the fluid mobilization
      from ICF into extracellular space within the early stage of 1 hr. Good linear
      correlation was found between the amount of mobilized water from ICF and the
      increment of plasma osmolality. An increase in osmotic force was considered the
      mechanism which caused the fluid shift. These findings suggest that the change in
      plasma osmolality is a good predictor of mobilized volume from ICF in
      hypovolemia. The effects of inverse fluid modification, i.e., isotonic infusion,
      were also compared.

PMID- 4068365
TI  - High threshold aortic baroreceptor afferents in the sympathetic nerve.
AB  - In anaesthetized cats, 40 sympathetic sensory units in the bracheocephalic artery
      (30 units) and the descending aorta (10 units) were recorded by means of single
      unit preparation. Direct evidence is available for the mechanosensitive nature of
      the receptors in the sympathetic afferents at the level of T3 and T4. Two
      distinct types of receptors were found (Type I and Type II). Type I receptors,
      which were fast adapting, gave a spike discharge at each systolic height of
      pressure (70-110 mmHg). However, they sometimes failed to appear even at such
      systolic pressure. When the systemic pressure was increased by occluding the
      descending aorta or by infusing adrenaline solution intravenously, the frequency
      of discharge of Type I receptors increased and they behaved much the same as the
      typical sinoaortic baroreceptors. Type II receptors were activated by mechanical
      probing and at high systemic pressure, though they did not fire always
      synchronously with heart beat. On the basis of the study it may be suggested that
      Type I receptors are high threshold baroreceptors and like other systemic
      baroreceptors, play a role in homeostatic control presumably in a state of high
      blood pressure, but on the other hand Type II receptors do not play such a role.

PMID- 4068366
TI  - Changes in the colonic temperature and metabolism during immobilization stress in
      repetitively immobilized or cold-acclimated rats.
AB  - Effect of immobilization stress on the rat colonic temperature and metabolism was
      studied in a warm environment of 25 degrees C. Immobilization for 3 hr caused
      hyperthermia accompanied by increased oxygen consumption (VO2) in the warm
      controls. The hyperthermic effect of immobilization was accelerated after 1 week
      repetition of daily immobilization and it was lessened after 2 to 4 week
      repetition of daily immobilization. The magnitude of VO2 increase was the same
      throughout the experimental period of 4 weeks during the immobilization.
      Hypothermia was never observed during immobilization. Immobilization-induced
      hyperthermia was significantly potentiated in the cold-acclimated rats, while VO2
      increase did not differ between cold-acclimated rats and warm controls. These
      results suggest that immobilization stress causes the changes in body temperature
      through thermogenic and heat-loss mechanisms.

PMID- 4068368
TI  - Effects of conditioning depolarization, repriming, and external calcium reduction
      on the potassium contractures in frog single twitch muscle fibers.
AB  - The inactivation of potassium (K) contractures induced by prolonged conditioning
      depolarization and repriming after 190 mM K+ contractures were studied at both
      room and low temperatures using frog single twitch muscle fibers. Effects of
      conditioning K+ depolarization and external Ca2+ reduction on the biphasic K
      contractures were also studied. When the conditioning depolarization with 15-30
      mM K+ was prolonged, the peak tension of test 190 mM K+ contractures was
      inhibited in parallel with the shortening of plateau duration at both room and
      low temperatures. Such parallel changes were also observed during the early stage
      of repriming after 190 mM K+ contracture at both temperatures. On the other hand,
      the peak tension of the secondary component of the test 80 mM K+ contractures was
      rather potentiated by the conditioning depolarization, even though the time
      course of the component was markedly shortened. The foregoing changes were also
      illustrated in a diagramatic way. These results suggested that the peak tension
      and the time course of the test K contractures after conditioning depolarization
      and during repriming may be determined by a balance between the activation and
      the inactivation processes of the contractures. This view is supported by the
      results obtained under conditions in which the concentration of external Ca2+ was
      reduced. Furthermore, based on additional experimental results, it was suggested
      that the initial component is not accompanied by an inactivation process and that
      Ca uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum may partially contribute to determining the
      spontaneous relaxation phase of the secondary component, at least at room
      temperature.

PMID- 4068367
TI  - Transient responses of heart rate, arterial pressure, and head movement at the
      beginning of eating in awake cats.
AB  - Time courses of heart rate (HR), arterial pressure (AP), and head movement at the
      beginning of eating were analyzed in conscious cats. The cats were trained to eat
      when movements of their body trunks were restrained. Food was presented for 10
      sec at intervals of 100 sec. With the abrupt presentation of food, a head-down
      movement occurred immediately and thereafter eating started with a mean latency
      of 1.6 sec. During eating HR increased by 22% from the preeating value and AP was
      elevated by 11%. To determine the time relation between the onset of eating and
      the change in each variable in response to eating, mean time courses of HR, AP,
      and head movement were obtained from 7-40 trials in each cat. The head-down
      movement preceded the onset of eating by 1.3 sec. The increase in HR preceded the
      onset of eating by 0.2 sec; the change in AP followed it by 3-4 sec. This
      indicated that the increase in HR was not induced reflexly either by food intake
      or by the change in AP. After administration of hexamethonium, the changes in HR
      and AP in response to eating were abolished, although eating was evoked by the
      food presentation. Additionally, the increase in HR was also reduced by
      propranolol and atropine. Thus, the acceleration of HR at the beginning of eating
      may be induced by central activation of the autonomic nervous system.

PMID- 4068369
TI  - Effect of hydrogen ion-gradient on carrier-mediated transport of glycylglycine
      across brush border membrane vesicles from rabbit small intestine.
AB  - Glycylglycine (Gly-Gly) transport across rabbit small intestinal brush border
      membrane vesicles was studied in the presence and absence of a Na+ gradient or a
      pH gradient. The transport was found to be entirely independent of Na+ but
      significantly stimulated by lowering extravesicular pH (pHo). The maximum
      stimulation was seen at pHo 5.5, where the uptake rate was about 2-times higher
      than the control value. FCCP, a protonophore, abolished the stimulating effect of
      low pHo, and low pHo conditions without a pH gradient did not stimulate the
      uptake rate. Overshoot uptake of Gly-Gly was observed when a pH gradient of 2 pH
      units was imposed across the vesicular membrane. Valinomycin-induced inside
      negative K+ diffusion potential also had a stimulating effect on the uptake, and
      fluorescence measurements of vesicular suspensions containing diS-C3-(5) revealed
      the occurrence of depolarization of the vesicular membranes when Gly-Gly was
      added to the suspensions. Kinetic study showed that a pH gradient caused a
      decrease of Kt for Gly-Gly without affecting Vmax. All the data obtained indicate
      that Gly-Gly transport is independent of Na+, dependent on a H+ gradient, and
      electrogenic, suggesting the mechanism of cotransport with H+.

PMID- 4068370
TI  - Response curve, free-running period, and activity time in circadian locomotor
      rhythm of rats.
AB  - Phase response curves (PRC) for the spontaneous locomotor rhythm were constructed
      by applying short light pulses to rats in constant darkness (DD). The offset of
      locomotor activity as well as the onset was taken as a phase reference (offset
      PRC vs. onset PRC). The amount of phase shift yielded by light pulses was
      evaluated on the next day of pulse treatment (immediate PRC) and also after
      completion of a new steady state (steady state PRC). Significant differences in
      shape were observed between the onset and offset PRCs as well as between the
      immediate and steady state PRCs. In the immediate onset PRC, an area under the
      phase advance part (A) was absent, while it was present in the immediate offset
      PRC. In contrast, the steady state PRCs for activity onset and offset were
      essentially the same. The shape of steady state PRC depended on the free-running
      period in DD (tau). In the PRCs of long tau rhythms, the range covered by the
      phase delay area (D) was lengthened without changing its amplitude, resulting in
      a larger D/A ratio. A strong positive correlation was detected between tau and
      activity time (alpha). The steady state PRC shapes also depended on alpha; the
      D/A ratio was larger in a long alpha rhythm than in a short alpha. These results
      are in good agreement with the hypothesis that the circadian locomotor rhythm of
      nocturnal rodents is regulated by two coupled oscillators.

PMID- 4068371
TI  - Chronotropic responses to ethanol of mouse atrial and ventricular myocardial
      cells in culture.
AB  - Some single myocardial cells cultured from the neonatal mouse atrium and
      ventricle, which beat spontaneously, stopped contracting dose-dependently with
      the addition of ethanol to the culture medium. The cells of the atrium were
      arrested more easily than those of the ventricle. The myocardial cells which
      continued beating in the ethanol medium showed chronotropic responses in a dose
      dependent manner. The beat rate of both atrial and ventricular cells changed very
      little on the addition of a low concentration of ethanol (12.5 mM). Atrial cells
      showed negative chronotropic responses to high concentrations of ethanol (50 and
      200 mM), while ventricular cells showed transient positive responses. Addition of
      acetaldehyde (100 microM) slowed the beating of atrial cells severely and that of
      ventricular cells moderately, but failed to arrest either type of cell. The
      addition of hyperosmolar medium containing 200 mM sucrose caused almost no
      chronotropic effect on atrial cells but a strong negative one on ventricular
      cells, and arrested very few of either type of cell. The transient positive
      chronotropic responses of ventricular cells to ethanol seemed unrelated to either
      acetaldehyde contained in the ethanol medium or the hyperosmolarity of the
      ethanol medium.

PMID- 4068372
TI  - Standardized hemorrhagic shock in rats after acute and chronic exposure to high
      altitude.
AB  - Acute exposure to high altitude for 1 day in rats caused an increase in
      hematocrit (Hct) with no change in mean arterial blood pressure (mABP) from the
      non-altitude control, whereas after prolonged exposure to altitude (5-6 weeks)
      there were increases in both Hct and mABP. No changes in total plasma protein
      (TPP) and plasma osmolality (POsm) from control rats were observed in all
      altitude-exposed animals. The ability of the acutely and chronically altitude and
      non-altitude exposed rats to resist hemorrhage was studied. Hemorrhage was
      standardized at mABP in the range of 30-35 mmHg. Chronic exposure to altitude
      increased the initial and maximum volume of blood withdrawn as well as the
      oligemic and survival times, whereas acute altitude exposure did not. The higher
      ability to resist standardized hemorrhagic shock of the chronically altitude
      exposed rats seemed to result, in part, from their greater hemodilution and
      better arterial blood pressure regulation. No difference in the rate of
      hemodilution as well as hemorrhagic tolerance was observed between the 1-day
      altitude and control rats. The difference in rate of hemodilution between the
      chronic altitude and control animals could not be due to arterial hyperosmolality
      since the magnitude of change in POsm during blood loss was the same for all
      animals groups.

PMID- 4068373
TI  - Effects of temperature and transfer from seawater to freshwater on blood
      microrheology in Pacific salmon.
AB  - Blood of Pacific salmon was studied with particular interest in red blood cell
      (RBC) deformability in relation to migration. Blood samples were taken via
      cardiac puncture or chronic cannula placed in the dorsal aorta and heparinized.
      As an index of RBC deformability the mean passage time of single RBCs through
      micropores of 8 micron in diameter and 10 micron in length was determined under a
      pressure difference of 10 cmH2O. Despite about 100 mOsmol/l difference in plasma
      osmolality, there was no marked difference in RBC passage time between fish in
      seawater and those well acclimatized to freshwater. However, it seemed probable
      that a transient decrease in RBC passage time, i.e., an increase in RBC
      deformability, occurred immediately following transfer from seawater to
      freshwater. Plasma osmolality decreased to about 300 mOsmol/l within 1 hr after
      the transfer and showed no fluctuations thereafter. The temperature dependence of
      RBC deformability was much smaller in comparison with those previously observed
      in yellowtail and carp; salmon RBCs were still highly deformable even at 5
      degrees C, a possible temperature of cold river water.

PMID- 4068374
TI  - Differential effects of sinusoidal vibrations on tension and stiffness in Mytilus
      smooth muscle during catch state.
AB  - Sinusoidal vibrations (10-100 Hz, 0.5-2.5%) reduced catch tension in the anterior
      byssal retractor muscle of Mytilus edulis, while the stiffness measured as the
      tension increment in response to the stretch phase of vibration did not change
      appreciably, indicating that the vibration-induced reduction of catch tension may
      not be simply explained as being due to the detachment of cross-links between
      actin and myosin.

PMID- 4068375
TI  - Effects of gomisin A on liver functions in hepatotoxic chemicals-treated rats.
AB  - The effects of gomisin A, which is a lignan component of schizandra fruits, on
      liver functions in various experimental liver injuries and on bile secretion in
      CCl4-induced liver injury were studied. Gomisin A weakly accelerated the
      disappearance of plasma ICG by itself at a high dose (100 mg/kg, i.p.). All of
      the hepatotoxic chemicals used in this study inhibited the excretion of ICG from
      plasma. Gomisin A showed a tendency to prevent the delays of the disappearance of
      plasma ICG induced by CCl4, d-galactosamine and orotic acid, but not that by
      ANIT. Bile flow and biliary outputs of total bile acids and electrolytes (Na+,
      K+, Cl- and HCO3-) were decreased in CCl4-treated rats. Gomisin A maintained bile
      flow and biliary output of each electrolyte nearly to the level of the vehicle
      treated group, but did not affect biliary output of total bile acids. These
      findings suggest that gomisin A possesses a liver function-facilitating property
      in normal and liver injured rats and that its preventive action on CCl4-induced
      cholestasis is due to maintaining the function of the bile acids-independent
      fraction.

PMID- 4068376
TI  - Comparative studies on antitumor activity of Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide and
      its polysaccharide fraction in mice.
AB  - The antitumor activity of the polysaccharide fraction (OPS) obtained by the acid
      hydrolysis of Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide (KO3 LPS) isolated from the
      culture supernatant of the decapsulated mutant strain LEN-1 (03: K1-) against
      both allogeneic tumor and syngeneic tumor systems in mice was compared with that
      of KO3 LPS. OPS prolonged the life span of MM2-bearing C3H/He mice by
      intraperitoneal (i.p.) pre- and post-treatment at the doses of 100 and 1000
      mg/kg. However, large amounts of OPS were needed to show the antitumor activity
      as compared with KO3 LPS. OPS showed no growth inhibitory activity against Meth-A
      sarcoma in BALB/c mice by i.p., intravenous (i.v.) or intratumoral (i.t.)
      administration. When 1000 mg/kg of OPS was i.p. administered once a day for 10
      days, OPS significantly inhibited the tumor growth of Sarcoma-180 solid type
      tumor. On the other hand, KO3 LPS significantly suppressed the growth of Meth-A
      tumor by i.t. administration at the doses of 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg and showed
      complete regression in 8 and 9 out of 10 mice, respectively. In MM2 tumor, KO3
      LPS also showed complete regression in all mice post-treated by i.p.
      administration at the dose of 1.0 mg/kg. These results suggest that OPS has
      antitumor activity on the tumors used in this study, but the activity was less
      than that of KO3 LPS.

PMID- 4068377
TI  - Effects of adenosine on contractile response of circular muscle in electrically
      stimulated guinea-pig ileum.
AB  - The action of adenosine on the electrically induced mechanical response of
      circular muscle in isolated guinea-pig ileum has been investigated. Electrical
      stimulation (0.1 Hz) elicited the twitch response, which was completely abolished
      by tetrodotoxin (0.2 microM), morphine (1 microM) and atropine (0.1 microM).
      Adenosine (0.1-100 microM) markedly depressed the twitch response in a
      concentration-dependent manner, and the concentration-depression curve for
      adenosine was significantly shifted to the right in the presence of theophylline
      (30 microM). On the other hand, the contractile responses induced by
      acetylcholine (1-300 microM) were not effected by adenosine at all. The present
      investigation suggests that the twitch response is mediated through acetylcholine
      released from the intramural cholinergic nerves supplying the circular muscle of
      guinea-pig ileum, and adenosine has an inhibitory effect on the cholinergic
      transmission, probably via P1-purinoceptors.

PMID- 4068378
TI  - Effects of bifemelane hydrochloride (MCI-2016) on acetylcholine level reduced by
      scopolamine, hypoxia and ischemia in the rats and mongolian gerbils.
AB  - Effects of bifemelane hydrochloride (MCI-2016) on acetylcholine (ACh) level in
      the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats and Mongolian gerbils were examined.
      In normal rats, MCI-2016 (30 mg/kg, i.p.) slightly increased ACh content in the
      cerebral cortex. Scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or hypoxia (95% N2 +5% O2, 9 min)
      decreased ACh level and pretreatment of MCI-2016 attenuated the decrement of ACh
      level in the rats. ACh level in the brain of Mongolian gerbils was significantly
      decreased following ligation of bilateral carotid arteries. In this case, MCI
      2016 also attenuated the decrement of ACh level. These results suggest that
      improvement by MCI-2016 of behavioral impairment observed in the animals treated
      with scopolamine, hypoxia or ischemia may be, at least partly, attributed to the
      amelioration of decreased ACh level in the brain.

PMID- 4068379
TI  - Analysis of the long-lasting antagonistic effect of caerulein on amphetamine
      hyperactivity in rats.
AB  - Caerulein (CLN), which is chemically related to cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK
      8) and produces a short-lasting pharmacological effect when administered
      peripherally, caused a long-lasting antagonistic effect on amphetamine (AMP)
      hyperactivity in rats when given in combination with haloperidol (HLP). Briefly,
      rats were treated with a combination of CLN (0.3-40 micrograms/kg, s.c.) and HLP
      (0.1 mg/kg, s.c.) and exposed to AMP on the first day. The animals became less
      sensitive to AMP for 24 hr to about 2 weeks depending on the CLN dose, according
      to measurements of their ambulatory activities in an open field or with an Animex
      activity meter at low sensitivity. Examination of the properties of this long
      lasting effect revealed that: 1) in animals treated with CLN and HLP, but without
      AMP on the first day, the susceptibility to AMP was not influenced on the next
      day; 2) in substitution experiments, the antagonistic effect of CLN could be
      reproduced by higher doses of CCK-8 (160 micrograms/kg) but not by nonsulfated
      CLN; 3) in the regimen of the treatment schedule, HLP could be replaced by
      chlorpromazine or sulpiride, but not by alpha-blocking agents like
      phenoxybenzamine or yohimbine; 4) apomorphine, nomifensine and tranylcypromine
      could not substitute for AMP. Thus, injection of CLN together with HLP and AMP on
      the first day might be necessary to produce the long-lasting anti-AMP effect. The
      possible mechanism of this CLN effect is discussed.

PMID- 4068380
TI  - [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine binding to reconstituted fraction with sulphatides,
      phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol.
AB  - As a first step toward the examination of the involvement of sulphatides,
      phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol in 5-HT receptor mechanisms, we
      performed [3H]5-HT binding experiments on the various reconstituted fractions
      with these acidic lipids. A binding assay of [3H]5-HT to these fractions was
      carried out by Sephadex LH20 column chromatography. Among various reconstituted
      fractions, only the reconstitution system with the three acidic lipids exhibited
      a saturable [3H]5-HT binding capacity, whereas no binding was seen with [3H]
      spiperone. When the binding of [3H]5-HT to this fraction was plotted as a
      function of the ligand concentration, a multiple binding mode with three classes
      of binding components (or sites) was observed. Furthermore, the double reciprocal
      plot indicated that this reconstitution system had three apparent KD values of
      4.7, 15 and 59 nM. The displacement studies with various compounds indicated that
      only a few 5-HT agonists (5-methoxytryptamine and tryptamine) and
      neurotransmitters (DA and ACh) inhibited the [3H]5-HT binding to this fraction,
      but 5-HT antagonists, LSD analogues and neuroleptics had no effect. Moreover,
      GTP, GDP and Gpp(NH)p clearly inhibited the [3H]5-HT binding in spite of their
      weak potencies, while GMP did not have any effect.

PMID- 4068381
TI  - Participation of protein synthesis in development of supersensitivity in cultured
      rat vas deferens.
AB  - Organ culture of rat vas deferens produced supersensitivity to norepinephrine and
      acetylcholine in contractile response without change in alpha 1-adrenergic and
      muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. The development of supersensitivity was
      inhibited by low temperature and protein synthesis inhibitors. However, protein
      synthesis inhibitor had no significant effect on the receptors. These findings
      suggested that the supersensitivity may be induced by synthesis of protein(s)
      which have a stimulatory effect in a process(es) after activation of receptor to
      contraction.

PMID- 4068382
TI  - Suppression of strychnine on the chronotropic and inotropic effects in the
      isolated, blood-perfused canine atrium.
AB  - In the isolated, blood-perfused dog atrium, strychnine evoked dose-dependent
      decreases in atrial rate and contractile force, and the negative cardiac effects
      were not influenced by atropine. Strychnine suppressed dose-dependently the
      negative chronotropic and inotropic responses to intramural parasympathetic nerve
      stimulation, but not the response to acetylcholine. These results suggest that
      strychnine has direct cardiac depressant properties and inhibits the release of
      acetylcholine from parasympathetic nerve terminals in isolated dog atrium.

PMID- 4068383
TI  - Autoradiographic evidence for dopaminergic innervation in guinea pig spinal cord.
AB  - In studies of the localization of the dopaminergic nerve terminals in the
      cervical cord of guinea pig, autoradiographic analysis of the spinal cord loaded
      with [3H]dopamine [( 3H]DA) was done under conditions that prevented the
      nonspecific uptake of [3H]DA. There was specific labeling in the gray matter and
      a high density of [3H]DA was present in the dorsal horn (DH). Moderate labeling
      was observed in the neuropil in the vicinity of the central canal. There were
      grain concentrations in close approximation to the cell bodies of numerous
      neurons in the DH and to the cell bodies of a few of the motoneurons in the
      ventral horn (VH). These dopaminergic terminals are possibly linked to sensory
      transmission and somatic motor function.

PMID- 4068384
TI  - Comparison of pulmonary accumulation of pyrilamine and pyrilamine N-oxide.
AB  - Our previous studies have indicated that a phenothiazine drug, chlorpromazine,
      and a tricyclic antidepressant, imipramine, are metabolized by the isolated
      perfused rat lungs via N-oxidation from whence their N-oxides are released into
      the circulation. This work was undertaken to compare the pulmonary accumulation
      of another pneumophilic tertiary amine drug, pyrilamine, with that of its N
      oxide. Approximately 10-fold greater accumulation of pyrilamine than that of its
      N-oxide was observed in the mouse lung after a single pass perfusion with 40
      microM of the drug for a 3 min period. The largest difference between
      accumulation of pyrilamine and its N-oxide was noted in the lung among the
      various tissue slices tested, suggesting the tissue specificity of affinity.

PMID- 4068385
TI  - Effect of nicotine, alcohol and caffeine pretreatment on the gastric mucosal
      damage induced by aspirin, phenylbutazone and reserpine in rats.
AB  - The effects of nicotine (2.5 mg/100 ml), alcohol (25% v/v) and caffeine (30
      mg/100 ml base) and their combination (nicotine, 2.5 mg/100 ml; alcohol, 25% v/v;
      and caffeine, 30 mg/100 ml base) fed in drinking water ad libitum for 21 days
      were studied on the gastric mucosal damage induced by aspirin, phenylbutazone and
      reserpine in rats. When given alone, none of them produced any visibly
      discernible gastric lesions. Their concurrent administration, however, produced
      some injury to the gastric mucosa which was far less severe than the lesions
      induced by any of the ulcerogenic drugs used in this study. Pretreatment with
      nicotine, alcohol and caffeine and their combination resulted in a significant
      augmentation of gastric lesions produced by aspirin, phenylbutazone and
      reserpine. These results establish an association between nicotine, alcohol and
      caffeine in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcers and also implicate them as
      modifying factors in the genesis of gastric lesions induced by aspirin,
      phenylbutazone and reserpine.

PMID- 4068386
TI  - A new simple plastic chemotaxis device of the Boyden chamber type utilizing an
      immunoassay plate.
AB  - A new simple and economical plastic Boyden chamber for in vitro assay of
      leukocytes chemotaxis was devised by the use of a commercially available
      immunoassay plate. Zymosan-activated rat serum, formyl-methionyl-leucyl
      phenylalanine and leukotriene B4 caused concentration-dependent migration of the
      leukocytes into the lower chamber. About 50% of the cells loaded in the upper
      chamber migrated into the lower chamber for 80 min at the optimal concentrations
      of the three chemoattractants tested.

PMID- 4068387
TI  - Hydrocortisone-evoked molecular conversion of alkaline phosphatase in suckling
      rat small intestine.
AB  - Suckling rats were injected with hydrocortisone at 12 and 13 days after birth and
      were sacrificed for the experiment at 15 days. Alkaline phosphatase in the
      duodenum was detected as three activity bands on SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, while in control rats, the enzyme showed a single band. The
      electrophoretic pattern in hydrocortisone-treated rats was similar to that
      observed in adult rats. This result supports the view that the maturation of
      intestinal alkaline phosphatase is primarily regulated by glucocorticoids.

PMID- 4068388
TI  - Indirect and direct suppressive actions of morphine on dorsal horn neurons in
      rabbits.
AB  - The analgesic mechanism of morphine on the spinal nociceptive transmission was
      compared in rabbits with the intact and cold-blocked states of the spinal cord.
      The degree of the suppressive effect of morphine (2 mg/kg) on the bradykinin
      induced activity was significantly greater in the intact than in the cold-blocked
      states. Morphine (4 mg/kg) suppressed the nociceptive responses to similar levels
      in both states. These results suggest that in a small dose, the indirect
      suppressive action is more important than the direct action. In a larger dose,
      the suppressive action is probably exerted primarily by the direct spinal action.

PMID- 4068389
TI  - Diversity of underlying mechanisms in the production of analgesic and
      pentobarbital-hypnosis prolonging effects of various analgesic drugs and
      stresses.
AB  - Stressful stimuli, electric footshock (FS), immobilized-water immersion (IW), and
      cold-water swimming (CWS), produced analgesia and prolonged the pentobarbital
      hypnosis as well as morphine and clonidine. Naloxone completely antagonized the
      analgesic effects of morphine and FS and partially that of IW; however, that of
      clonidine and CWS were not reversed by naloxone. Naloxone eliminated the hypnosis
      prolonging effect of morphine and FS, but failed to reverse the effect of
      clonidine, IW and CWS. Differences in the analgesic and hypnosis prolonging
      effects and also the respective naloxone sensitivity of each drug and stress
      suggest the diversity of the underlying mechanisms.

PMID- 4068390
TI  - Beneficial effects of diltiazem on the ischemic derangements of the myocardial
      metabolism assessed by 31P-NMR in the isolated perfused rat heart.
AB  - Using the isolated perfused heart preparations of the rat, effects of diltiazem,
      a calcium antagonist, on the ischemic derangements of the mechanical function and
      the energy metabolism of the ventricular myocardium were studied. The myocardial
      tissue levels of creatine phosphate (CP), ATP, inorganic phosphate (Pi) and pH
      were determined with 31P-NMR. Global ischemia was induced by cross-clamping of
      the aortic inflow line for 15 min, which resulted in a fall of CP, ATP and pH and
      a rise of Pi. The test hearts were perfused with diltiazem-containing solution
      (10(-7), 10(-6) and 10(-5) M) for 12 min prior to the induction of the global
      ischemia. A significant dose-related decline of the myocardial mechanical
      function expressed as (left ventricular pressure) X (heart rate) was observed in
      diltiazem-treated hearts. In doses above 10(-6) M, diltiazem delayed the onset of
      the fall of the myocardial CP and pH levels and the rise of Pi induced by
      ischemia, and there was an excellent correlation between the suppression of the
      myocardial mechanical function observed before induction of ischemia and the
      level of the myocardial CP and pH at the initial phase of ischemia, indicating
      that the improvement of the myocardial energy metabolism was due to the
      cardiodepressant effects of the compound.

PMID- 4068391
TI  - Species differences in the inhibitory effect of ouabain on high K-induced
      contraction in the ileal longitudinal muscle.
AB  - Effects of ouabain on a high K-induced contraction and intracellular Na and K
      contents of the ileal longitudinal muscle preparations isolated from various
      animal species was compared. In muscles of various animals (monkey, dog, cat,
      rabbit, guinea-pig, rat and mouse), the high K-induced contraction was inhibited
      by verapamil (5 X 10(-8) M) or ouabain (3 X 10(-6) M), and both the inhibitions
      were antagonized by an increase in external Ca in a competitive manner. Species
      differences were shown in the ouabain effect but not in the verapamil one.
      Regarding the sensitivity to ouabain, the muscles were divided into two groups,
      that is, the muscle from monkey, rabbit, guinea-pig or dog belongs to the high
      sensitivity group, and that from cat, rat or mouse belongs to the low one. The
      order of sensitivities of the muscles to ouabain in the relaxation was consistent
      with that in Na,K-ATPase inhibition, as reported by Repke et al. (1965).
      Intracellular Na contents of muscles were increased by an addition of ouabain to
      the high K solution, and the rate and amount of the accumulation of intracellular
      Na varied in these muscles. Except for the cat muscle, a high correlation was
      noted between the ouabain-induced relaxation and the amount of intracellular Na
      accumulation. However, the regression coefficients were variable: 4.1 in the
      monkey muscle, 2.2 in the rat one, and about 1.0 in the others. That is, the
      monkey muscle showing the high regression coefficient value probably has a high
      sensitivity to the inhibition of intracellular Na in the high K-induced
      contraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4068393
TI  - Alpha-methyladrenaline: a possible active metabolite of alpha-methyldopa in the
      rat brain.
AB  - To determine whether or not alpha-methyladrenaline (MA) is an active metabolite
      of alpha-methyldopa, a centrally-acting hypotensive compound, we measured MA in
      the rat brain using the high-performance liquid chromatographic electrochemical
      detection method. After five daily treatments of alpha-methyldopa given twice
      daily a dose of 40 mg/kg, we found trace amounts of MA in the hypothalamus and C1
      C2 area (hypothalamus, 23.7 +/- 2.3 picomole/g, n = 7; C1-C2 area, 5.4 +/- 0.4
      picomole/g, n = 4), as well as large amounts of alpha-methylnoradrenaline (MNA)
      (Hypothalamus, 16.6 +/- 0.4 nanomole/g, n = 7; C1-C2 area, 7.0 +/- 0.2
      nanomole/g, n = 4). In these brain areas, the amount of endogenous adrenaline was
      reduced to 10.6% and 16.1% of the control values, respectively. The amounts of MA
      were only 9.0% and 6.2% of that of endogenous adrenaline in these respective
      areas whereas MNA was detected at approximately the same level as endogenous
      noradrenaline. These findings indicate that MA is synthesized from alpha
      methyldopa to a very minute extent in the hypothalamus and C1-C2 area, and a
      large amount of MNA was synthesized in these areas. These are of interest
      considering the changes of endogenous adrenaline and noradrenaline. Our results
      raise doubts about the participation of MA on the main determinant of the central
      hypotensive effect of alpha-methyldopa.

PMID- 4068392
TI  - Pharmacological actions of the racemic and the enantiomeric 1,4-dimethyl-10
      hydroxy-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1,6-methano-1H-4-benz azo nines (C
      homobenzomorphans).
AB  - The racemate and optical isomers of the C-homobenzomorphans, 1,4-dimethyl-10
      hydroxy-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1,6-methano-1H-4-benzaz onine, were evaluated in a
      number of assays sensitive to narcotics of different types. All three C
      homobenzomorphans were active in vitro in guinea pig ileum, mouse vas deferens,
      and rat brain membrane binding assays, but were of low potency. These C
      homobenzomorphans showed different profiles of in vivo activity. The (+)-isomer
      and racemate were active as agonists in the tail-flick assay, whereas the (-)
      isomer was inactive. At higher doses, the (-)-isomer and the racemate behaved as
      antagonists of morphine in the tail-flick assay. All three compounds were active
      in the phenylquinone test, but naloxone did not block this effect. In addition,
      all three were potent in the hot-plate test. Neither of the isomers substituted
      for morphine in dependent rats or monkeys. However, the (+)-isomer precipitated
      withdrawal in these monkeys. The (-)-isomer produced opioid-like physical
      dependence in both rats and monkeys. Some of the implications regarding the
      results with these remarkable homobenzomorphans are discussed.

PMID- 4068394
TI  - [Effects of noise letters upon selective identification of letters].
AB  - Eighteen undergraduate students participated in two experiments which were
      designed to investigate the effects of noise letters upon selective
      identification of target letters. The reaction time of pressing buttons to the
      target letter was measured under various combinations of accompanying noise
      letters located 1 degree 48' apart from a target in visual angle, and added noise
      letters inserted between the target and accompanying noise letters. The results
      provided evidence in favor of the hypothesis which attributes the interfering
      effects of noise letters not to the processing level, but to the response level.
      Moreover, the results suggested that the noise letter adjacent to a target plays
      an important part in this interference, though the noise letters can be processed
      even in the position as much as 1 degree 48' apart from a target, and that it is
      especially important what relations the adjacent noise letter has with the
      response of the target.

PMID- 4068395
TI  - [Influence of melodic "context" on recognition memory for pitch].
AB  - Seven male and seven female subjects were ask to make pitch recognition after a
      retention interval, during which a six tone-melody was interpolated. Two
      interpolated melody conditions were used: "High-Tonality melodies" and "Low
      Tonality melodies". It was found that in the conditions of "High-Tonality
      melodies", correct recognition rates were superior for "the scale tones" at the
      pitch positions Do, Re, Mi, Sol, La relative to each of the interpolated
      melodies. Relationship between short-term memory for pitch and melody recognition
      was discussed with our hypothesis that we have an internal modal scale schema.
      Moreover, a few predicted figures of response were discussed with reference to
      our data.

PMID- 4068396
TI  - [Learning and prototype formation of artificial categories defined by
      multidimensional normal distributions].
AB  - In order to approximate the variety of natural categories, two kinds of stimuli
      whose attributes vary according to different multivariate normal distributions
      are generated on CRT screen. Twenty undergraduate and graduate students served as
      subjects. Subject's task was to discriminate the stimuli. Results revealed that
      subject's performance can be explained very well by the parameters of the
      distributions (Exp.1). Although in previous studies prototypes have been assumed
      to be the mean value or central tendency of category instances, there is another
      possibility, especially when two or more concepts are simultaneously learned,
      that they have attributes which are emphasized. This hypothesis was confirmed in
      Exp.2, using 30 undergraduates as subjects. It was argued that we must
      distinguish at least two kinds of prototypes: the one formed by the most frequent
      instances and the other the most discriminate in contrast with the other
      concepts.

PMID- 4068397
TI  - [Change in conflict strength measured by Color-Word Test in childhood, adulthood,
      and the aged].
AB  - A life span survey of conflict induced in color naming when words and colors
      appear in incongruent combination was carried out. Subjects' ages ranged from six
      years to 89 years, totaling 721. As the index of conflict, (C-B)/A was used. The
      result indicated that conflict scores were highest in six-year-old children and
      the next highest in the eldery of 70 to 89 years. The result of ANOVA indicated
      no sex difference on conflict scores, but showed a difference in faster
      performance by females on the color and color-word cards. The result suggested
      that six-year olds are immature in cognitive ability and that the 70-year olds
      and above declined in their cognitive ability. The elevation of conflict scores
      in 10 years may be due to the stage of puberty.

PMID- 4068398
TI  - [A factor analytic study of the items for the personality description based on
      the principle of the three traits theory for the work curve of addition of the
      Uchida-Kraepelin psychodiagnostic test].
AB  - An inventory form for the personality description based on the principle of the
      three traits theory for the work curve of the Uchida-Kraepelin psychodiagnostic
      test was investigated from the factor-analytic point of view. Three kinds of
      analyses were performed. First of all, the 66 items of the present form were
      administrated and a tentative orthogonal factor solution was obtained. Secondly,
      the 20 items for a simplified pattern in the sense of "simple structure" were
      selected based on the result of the first factor rotation, and the further
      orthogonal factor rotation was applied to the data based on the selected items so
      that the assumption for the three traits, primacy (A), variability (B), and,
      recency (C) were confirmed factor-analytically. Finally, in order to increase the
      number of items for providing an extended form for academic and practical use,
      more 10 items were added to the 20 items of the second analysis after applying
      the third orthogonal factor rotation so that the new form consisting of 30 items
      was obtained. Some relationships between the present work and the one of Eysenck
      and Eysenck (1968) were discussed.

PMID- 4068399
TI  - [Experimental pulmonary fat embolism. An ultrastructural study of the
      pathogenetic process of lung edema induced by autologous fat cells].

PMID- 4068400
TI  - [Effect of "Jiryu" on aspirin-induced asthma].

PMID- 4068401
TI  - [A study on a smooth muscle contracting substance produced in vitro by alveolar
      macrophages].

PMID- 4068402
TI  - [Pathology of Dionosil pneumonia].

PMID- 4068403
TI  - [A clinical and epidemiological study of farmer's lung disease].

PMID- 4068404
TI  - [Bronchial hyperreactivity and the site of airway response on the bronchial
      hyperreactivity test in bronchial asthma. Relation to atopic predisposition and
      baseline airway caliber].

PMID- 4068405
TI  - [Two cases of rare earth pneumoconiosis in printing plant workers using carbon
      arc lamps].

PMID- 4068406
TI  - [A case of intralobar pulmonary sequestration. With special reference to dynamic
      computed tomographic findings].

PMID- 4068407
TI  - [A case of broncholithiasis].

PMID- 4068409
TI  - [A case of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treated with plasmapheresis].

PMID- 4068408
TI  - [A case of acute respiratory failure due to nitrous fumes and hydrogen fluoride].

PMID- 4068410
TI  - [A case of endobronchial chondroma].

PMID- 4068411
TI  - [Several problems in the surgical treatment of the patients with a left main
      trunk lesion--special reference to prevention of perioperative myocardial
      infarction].

PMID- 4068412
TI  - [A surgical case of thoracic aortic aneurysm complicated by postoperative
      paraplegia with sensory dissociation--the problems of somatosensory evoked
      potentials].

PMID- 4068414
TI  - [Aortic valve prolapse (AVP) requiring aortic valve replacement--discussion of
      the mechanism of AVP].

PMID- 4068413
TI  - [Clinical usefulness of the telemetry system on the DDD pacemaker].

PMID- 4068415
TI  - [Two cases of pulmonary resection for lung cancer in patients over the age of 80
      years].

PMID- 4068416
TI  - [A case of pulmonary infarction secondary to subacute bacterial endocarditis
      following pulmonary artery banding].

PMID- 4068417
TI  - [Surgical treatment of isolated tricuspid valve endocarditis].

PMID- 4068418
TI  - [An emergency operation for MSr and TR, with extreme pH].

PMID- 4068419
TI  - [A case of a successful two-stage operation for type I acute dissecting aneurysm-
      experience with intraoperative two-dimentional echography].

PMID- 4068420
TI  - [A case of chondrosarcoma of the rib origin].

PMID- 4068421
TI  - [A case of resection of thymic carcinoid].

PMID- 4068422
TI  - [Histochemical study of ABH antigens in the prostate].

PMID- 4068423
TI  - [Prediction of functional recovery in unilateral hydronephrosis. Clinical
      implication of analysis of urine from the kidney pelvis].

PMID- 4068424
TI  - [Studies of experimental calcium oxalate stones. 1. The calcium and magnesium of
      renal deposition of calcium oxalate induced by ethylene glycol administration].

PMID- 4068425
TI  - [Studies of experimental calcium oxalate stones. 2. The preventive effects of
      phytin and citrate on renal deposition of calcium oxalate induced by ethylene
      glycol administration].

PMID- 4068426
TI  - [Statistical studies on the recurrence rate in superficial bladder tumor].

PMID- 4068427
TI  - [Studies on the function of the upper urinary tract. XXI. Urine transporting
      ability in the aperistaltic pelvi-ureteral system in dogs].

PMID- 4068429
TI  - [Ultrasonic surgical aspirator in nephrotomy].

PMID- 4068428
TI  - [The experience with nerve block in the management of urinary incontinence].

PMID- 4068430
TI  - [Experimental chemotherapy with super-high dose cisplatin and sodium thiosulfate
      (STS) rescue: its effect on survival and nephrotoxicity in mice].

PMID- 4068431
TI  - [Prognostic factors in renal cell carcinoma].

PMID- 4068432
TI  - Clinical studies on dirofilarial hemoglobinuria: central venous pressure before
      and after heartworm removal.

PMID- 4068433
TI  - The estimation of drug residue in pig kidney by repeated biopsy.

PMID- 4068434
TI  - Guinea pig herpesvirus detected as a guinea pig kidney cell culture contaminant
      in Mexico.

PMID- 4068435
TI  - Bone marrow hypoplasia induced by administration of estradiol benzoate in male
      beagle dogs.

PMID- 4068436
TI  - An improved method of conglutinating complement absorption test applied to
      Brucella antibody in bovine sera.

PMID- 4068437
TI  - Lipid composition of Schistosoma mansoni and surface labeling of glycolipid
      components.

PMID- 4068438
TI  - Prophylactic efficacy of milbemycin D against Dirofilaria immitis infection in
      dogs.

PMID- 4068439
TI  - Morphological features and frequencies of various types of glial cells in the
      ventral horn of the chicken spinal card.

PMID- 4068440
TI  - Osteosclerosis in aged ICR mice.

PMID- 4068441
TI  - Formation of the bovine spiral colon.

PMID- 4068442
TI  - Pathology of ten cases of canine primary lung tumor.

PMID- 4068443
TI  - Fetal and maternal heart rates in a case of twin pregnancy of the Thoroughbred
      horse.

PMID- 4068444
TI  - Influence of truck transportation of calves on their cellular immune function.

PMID- 4068445
TI  - Dissociation of Pasteurella multocida dermonecrotic toxin into three polypeptide
      fragments.

PMID- 4068446
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against virus-specific antigens in culture cells infected
      with herpesvirus of turkeys.

PMID- 4068447
TI  - Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in diagnosis of
      Mycoplasma pulmonis infection in rats.

PMID- 4068448
TI  - Positive chronotropic and ruminolytic actions of adenosine in goat.

PMID- 4068449
TI  - [A clinical study on pulmonary tuberculosis developing in association with
      corticosteroid treatment].

PMID- 4068450
TI  - [Reevaluation studies on the chemotherapeutic effect of pyrazinamide in
      experimental mouse tuberculosis].

PMID- 4068451
TI  - [A case of miliary tuberculosis with nodular dissemination to the brain
      demonstrated by computed tomography].

PMID- 4068452
TI  - [Relation of arterial pressure, blood cholesterol and glucose tolerance to body
      weight (based on data from a population preventive study)].
AB  - The relationship of arterial blood pressure and blood levels of cholesterol and
      glucose (1 hour after a 75 g glucose load) to body weight was assessed. Body
      weight can be used as an easily-measurable indicator of the efficacy of
      preventive measures with respect to the above-mentioned coronary risk factors.
      The data were derived from a study of 6109 males, aged 40-59, carried out within
      a cooperative multifactorial coronary disease prevention program in Kaunas. The
      degree of correlation was assessed on the basis of single examinations, and the
      variation of the levels of the risk factors in question was examined in relation
      to changes in body weight over a period of time. Quantitative estimates of change
      in blood pressure and blood cholesterol and glucose levels corresponding to a
      weight change of 1 kg were obtained.

PMID- 4068453
TI  - [Change in the spectrum of lipids and apoproteins A1 and B as affected by
      hypothiazide and pratsiol in patients with hypertension].
AB  - A comparative study of changes in plasma lipids, apo-A1 and apo-B under the
      effect of 2-week, 2-month and 6-month treatments with hydrochlorothiazide and
      pratsiol was conducted in 48 patients with arterial hypertension.
      Hydrochlorothiazide caused a significant increase in total cholesterol (CH), LDL
      cholesterol, apo-A1 and apo-B, and a decrease in cholesterol load of HDL
      particles as compared to placebo effects. Increased levels of HDL cholesterol
      were only noted in the early days of hydrochlorothiazide treatment. Pratsiol
      therapy produced a significant reduction of total triglycerides (TG), VLDL
      cholesterol, the cholesterol atherogenic coefficient, the apo-B/apo-A1 ratio, and
      increased HDL cholesterol. The activity of post-heparin lipoprotein lipase was
      not basically affected by hydrochlorothiazide, while pratsiol evoked a
      significant increase in its activity. The pratsiol-associated TG decrease was
      more pronounced in patients with elevated TG baseline, and the rise in HDL
      cholesterol, in those with initial hypo-alphacholesterolemia. Therefore unlike
      hydrochlorothiazide, pratsiol is associated with a favorable antiatherogenic
      trend of changes in the lipoprotein spectrum.

PMID- 4068454
TI  - [Effect of isoptin on myocardial hemodynamics and contractility during an anginal
      attack induced by the atrial stimulation test].
AB  - The effect of 10 mg intravenous isoptin on myocardial hemodynamics, contractility
      and metabolism during an anginal attack provoked by the atrial stimulation test
      was examined in 15 coronary patients with angina of effort. Isoptin
      administration increased anginal threshold, reduced the values indicative of
      cardiac activity and myocardial oxygen requirement and had no basic effect on
      coronary flow, while metabolic manifestations of ischemia were neutralized.
      Isoptin is recommended as an effective means of treatment for angina of effort in
      patients with atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries.

PMID- 4068455
TI  - [Change in blood rheological properties in response to graded physical exertion
      in patients with ischemic heart disease and persons at risk].
AB  - Blood rheologic properties were investigated before and after rationed exercise
      in 26 patients exhibiting risk factors unattended by atherosclerotic signs, 33
      coronary patients and 26 normal subjects. Hemorheologic changes in response to
      bicycle ergometry were shown to depend largely on the efficiency of cardiac
      performance and be more marked in coronary patients and those exhibiting risk
      factors, as compared to normal subjects. In addition, the erythrocyte aggregation
      coefficient increased significantly during rationed exercise in coronary and risk
      factor patients, in contrast to normal subjects. It is suggested that disorders
      of blood viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation, developing in part of coronary
      and risk-factor patients, may be conducive to the progress of atherosclerosis and
      coronary heart disease.

PMID- 4068456
TI  - [Adaptive reactions of the thyroid system in patients with ischemic heart disease
      to graded physical exertion].
AB  - Data reflecting thyroid response to rationed exercise (bicycle ergometry) in
      coronary patients are presented with respect to physical stress tolerance and
      clinical form of coronary disease. The results were compared with those obtained
      in healthy untrained male subjects. Exercise was carried on until submaximum
      capacity was reached, or clinical and/or electrocardiographic signs of coronary
      insufficiency appeared. Radioimmune assays of blood thyrotropin and total
      triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4) were made in the course of exercise.
      Patients with better functional capacity were shown to develop the relatively-low
      T3 syndrome. A direct correlation was demonstrated between the T4/T3 index and
      the threshold effort. Patients with low stress tolerance showed increased T3
      secretion and depressed T4/T3 at the peak of exercise.

PMID- 4068457
TI  - [Nonspecific immunity factors and elimination of circulating immune complexes in
      patients with myocardial infarct in the 1st phase of rehabilitation].
AB  - A considerable increment of humoral immunity parameters was demonstrated during
      the 3d-5th week after the onset of myocardial infarction (MI). The levels of IgG
      and IgE were increased, and those of circulating immune complexes (CIC),
      decreased significantly in patients with their first diagnosed infarction, as
      compared to those with repeated MI. Patients with repeated MI showed
      significantly reduced blood C3c, C4 and the phagocyte index in the presence of
      high blood levels of CIC and C-reactive protein, as compared to patients with
      primary infarction. The results are indicative of a considerable activation of
      the complement and the phagocytic system and CIC elimination in patients with
      their first MI diagnosis, and the absence of such a stimulation in repeated MI
      cases.

PMID- 4068458
TI  - [Distribution of HLA antigens in patients with hypertension].
AB  - An immunogenetic study of 71 patients with essential hypertension associated with
      no signs of heart or renal failure, and 276 normal Russian male residents of
      Moscow demonstrated a significantly increased frequency of antigens HLA-B13 (p
      less than 0.01) and HLA-B22 (p less than 0.05), as well as HLA-A11 (p less than
      0.05), in the hypertensive sample. Aggravated heredity (familial hypertension)
      was established in 64% of hypertensive carriers of antigens HLA-B13 and HLA-B22.

PMID- 4068459
TI  - [Coronary circulation and left ventricular function in patients with transmural
      myocardial infarct].
AB  - Hemodynamics and left-ventricular segmental contractility were examined in 72
      patients, subjected to selective coronarography and ventriculography. Forty-six
      patients had a history of anterior, and 26, posterior, transmural myocardial
      infarction (MI). Atherosclerotic stenosis of coronary arteries (more than 75% of
      vascular diameter) was revealed in 67 of 72 patients. Residual occlusion was
      shown to occur more commonly in the right coronary artery. Collateral flow was
      more commonly associated with a history of myocardial infarction affecting the
      posterior wall of the left ventricle, while segmental contractility disorders,
      even aneurysms, and generalized disturbance of left-ventricular contractility, as
      manifested in reduced mean rate of myocardial circular fibre shortening, were
      more typical for the affection of the anterior wall of the left ventricle.

PMID- 4068460
TI  - [Interrelation of the state of perfusion and the coronary vascular bed in
      patients with chronic ischemic heart disease].
AB  - Coronary angiographic and scintigraphic (using 201Tl) studies in 139 patients
      with verified diagnosis of chronic coronary heart disease demonstrated high
      sensitivity (85.6%) of myocardial perfusion scintigraphy with respect to
      detecting disorders of myocardial blood supply due to the stenosis of major
      coronary arteries and microcirculation disorders. False negative scintigraphic
      results in the screening for perfusion defects are commonly due to the
      shortcomings of semiquantitative assessment of the scintigrams.

PMID- 4068461
TI  - [Change in central hemodynamics and systolic phase structure as affected by
      reflexotherapy in patients with neurocirculatory dystonia].
AB  - Myocardial contractility was examined, using echo- and polycardiography, in
      patients with neurocirculatory dystonia. An increase was demonstrated in the
      duration of the phase of isometric tension, mechanical systole and cardiac index
      in the presence of raised peripheral resistance as well as increased energy
      spending and enhanced left-ventricular contraction. Auriculo-paravertebral method
      of reflexotherapy was applied, and the changed parameters returned to normal.

PMID- 4068462
TI  - [Significance of dyslipoproteinemia in atherogenesis].

PMID- 4068463
TI  - [Blood serum creatine kinase in diseases of the cardiovascular system].
AB  - Serum creatine-kinase activity was above the upper normal limit in 40-80% of the
      632 patients admitted to hospital for angina pectoris and deteriorating essential
      hypertension. The highest (4-6-fold) increase over the mean control values was
      associated with myocardial ischemia, paroxysmal tachycardia and hypertensive
      crises. Intramuscular injections were shown to be unrelated to increased
      incidence or magnitude of creatine-kinase activation in the examined patients.
      Creatine-kinase levels were particularly high in cases of cerebral stroke (a 7
      fold increase above normal) and alcoholic cardiopathies (a 8-fold increase).

PMID- 4068464
TI  - [Microcirculation in the human hypothalamus in sudden coronary death].
AB  - A histochemical, cytophotometric and morphometric study of hypothalamic
      microcirculatory vessels was conducted in 2 samples: 50 sudden cardiac deaths
      from coronary heart disease and 50 cardiac deaths from clinical myocardial
      infarction that were not sudden. Non-sudden cardiac death was associated with
      moderate venous hyperemia and high postcapillary alkaline phosphatase activity.
      In cases of sudden coronary death, three patterns of microcirculatory changes
      were identified that differed with respect to the quantity of functionally
      inactive capillaries, the markedness of edema in hypothalamic tissues and
      hypothalamic content of vascular mast cells. Relationships between the said
      differences and different dates of death are discussed.

PMID- 4068465
TI  - [Significance of subcutaneous nodules in the leg for the diagnosis of connective
      tissue pathology in patients with cardiovascular diseases].
AB  - Subcutaneous nodules on the leg were found in 40 (16%) of 250 male cardiologic in
      patients, aged 17-65; they correlated, with a significant frequency with
      increased skin distensibility, overextension of the fingers and breast-bone
      deformation, mitral valve prolapse and atrial fibrillation. This feature can be
      used in the diagnosis of inherited generalized connective-tissue dysplasia.

PMID- 4068466
TI  - [Effect of phosphocreatine and phosphocreatinine on membrane phospholipid
      metabolism in acute myocardial ischemia].
AB  - The effect of phosphocreatine and phosphocreatinine on changes in crude
      lysophosphoglycerides (LPG) in the plasmatic membranes of canine heart, induced
      by short-term ischemia (an 8-minute-long occlusion of the left descending
      coronary artery), was examined. Ischemia caused a considerable rise in LPG level,
      with a mean 83% rise in lysophosphatidyl choline and a 168% rise in
      lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine. Intravenous administration of 300 mg/kg
      phosphocreatine or phosphocreatinine completely prevented the accumulation of LPG
      in the ischemic area. Since LPG have pronounced arrhythmogenic properties, the
      data obtained suggest that anti-arrhythmic activity of phosphocreatine and
      phosphocreatinine in acute myocardial ischemia results from the effect these
      substances have on membrane phospholipid metabolism in the ischemized area.

PMID- 4068467
TI  - [Inhibition of cardiac activity by the stellate ganglion].
AB  - Mechanisms of cardiac activity inhibition in response to the excitation of the
      stellate ganglion were investigated in acute and chronic experiments involving
      guinea pigs (43) and rabbits (35). The inhibitory effect was shown to proceed
      from the excitation of vagal cholinergic fibres that anastomosed with branches of
      the stellate ganglion, while alpha-adrenoreceptors had no apparent effect on
      cardiac activity. Neither the hypothesis of preganglionic sympathetic fibres
      switching to intracardiac cholinergic neurons, nor the one of the cholinergic
      link in the mechanism of catecholamine release by sympathetic nervous endings was
      confirmed, therefore the well-known Dale's principle (one neuron produces its
      efferent effect via one mediator) appears valid here.

PMID- 4068468
TI  - [Effect of enkephalins on metabolic indices in experimental myocardial infarct in
      rats].
AB  - An experimental study in rats demonstrated that myocardial infarction, induced by
      the ligation of the descending branch of the left coronary artery, led to marked
      metabolic disorders, such as increased lactate and glucose levels and decreased
      levels of blood calcium and magnesium and hepatic glycogen. A stable analogue of
      leu-enkephalin administered to the animals normalized metabolic parameters and
      improved the course of experimental myocardial infarction in rats.

PMID- 4068469
TI  - [Streptokinase and streptodecase--new inhibitors of gluconeogenesis].
AB  - The influence of immobilized streptokinase-streptodecase preparation on the rate
      of gluconeogenesis in perfused liver of normal and infarcted rats was studied.
      The preparations were administered in a single dose on the basis of estimated
      appropriate clinical dosage. It was shown that perfused liver of normal rats can
      produce glucose from endogenous non-carbohydrate compounds. Polysaccharide
      dextran carrier, a streptodecase component, leads to the growth of glucose
      quantity in the perfusate. At the same time, streptokinase and streptodecase
      suppress sufficiently the rate of gluconeogenesis in normal and infarcted rats.
      The streptodecase effect is particularly marked and may be connected with the
      inhibition of endogenous substrate induction of glucogenesis as well as the
      inhibition of key enzymes. Catabolic activity of streptodecase appears to be
      weaker than that of streptokinase. It is supposed that streptodecase may be used
      for the treatment of various other pathologic states apart from myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 4068470
TI  - [Shock lung syndrome in myocardial infarct (electron microscopic and biochemical
      study)].
AB  - A comprehensive clinical sample (375 cases of myocardial infarction, with
      uncomplicated course in 115, pulmonary edema in 80, cardiac asthma in 37,
      pulmonary edema combined with cardiogenic shock in 55, and other complications in
      88; 89 fatal cases altogether) was used to demonstrate that the shock lung
      associated with myocardial infarction was rooted in strained operation of various
      pulmonary functions other than gaseous exchange and inadequate inactivation of
      vasoactive substances (histamine, serotonin, kinins). The ultrastructural pattern
      of the shock lung is characterized by damaged aerohematic barrier edema,
      hypercoagulation, atelectases and the sludging of aggregated erythrocytes. Acute
      respiratory insufficiency is not always associated with cardiogenic shock and may
      develop spontaneously in myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4068471
TI  - [Lipid metabolism in patients with atherosclerotic arterial occlusions of the
      lower limbs].

PMID- 4068472
TI  - [Effect of threshold physical exercise on blood lipid level in patients with
      ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 4068473
TI  - [Haptoglobin phenotypes and blood serum level of immunoglobulins in patients with
      ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 4068474
TI  - [Role of adrenaline in the development of thrombocyte hyperaggregation in
      ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 4068475
TI  - [Prevention of thrombosis of a blood vessel prosthesis using the anti-aggregation
      drug ticlid].

PMID- 4068476
TI  - [Tissue oxygen status and peripheral and central hemodynamics in patients with
      neuroses and ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 4068477
TI  - [Method of inserting a catheter or a transducer into a vessel].

PMID- 4068478
TI  - [Effect of carnitine and retabolil on the activity of rat heart creatine kinase
      system enzymes].

PMID- 4068479
TI  - [2 cases of right ventricular myocardial infarct diagnosed intravitally].

PMID- 4068480
TI  - Selective ADH-induced hypertrophy of the medullary thick ascending limb in
      Brattleboro rats.
AB  - A morphometric study was undertaken to quantitate the morphologic changes induced
      by ADH availability in the rat kidney. Homozygous Brattleboro rats with
      hereditary diabetes insipidus (DI) (no ADH) were compared to heterozygous
      Brattleboro control rats (HZ) and to DI rats after 5 to 6 weeks of continuous ADH
      infusion by implantable Alzet osmotic minipumps (TDI). ADH resulted in a 37%
      increase in mass of kidney per unit body wt. All kidney zones and all nephron
      segments were not increased uniformly. The inner stripe was enlarged more than
      other renal zones. It represented 15.5 +/- 0.7% of the total kidney height along
      the cortico-papillary axis in DI and 22.2 +/- 1.5% in TDI (P less than 0.025).
      The volume of the inner stripe in DI and TDI amounted to 10.9 +/- 0.9 and 18.0 +/
      1.0% of the total kidney volume, respectively (P less than 0.001). Selective
      increases in tubular diameter and cell height, due mostly to an hypertrophy of
      pre-existing cells, were observed in the earliest part of the thick ascending
      limbs (TAL) in the inner stripe, resulting in a twofold increase in epithelial
      volume per unit tubular length (P less than 0.001). Volume density of
      mitochondria and surface density of basolateral membranes were unchanged but, due
      to the increase in cell volume and inner stripe thickness, the amount of
      mitochondria and the surface area of basolateral membrane in the TAL were more
      than tripled in the inner stripe of treated rats. These changes provide a much
      greater salt transport capacity in the TAL of treated rats. They probably
      represent an adaptation of the early TAL to an enhanced sodium chloride transport
      in response to a direct ADH stimulation and/or to an increased salt delivery to
      this segment in the concentrating kidney.

PMID- 4068481
TI  - Glomerular sieving of anionic and neutral bovine albumins in proteinuric rats.
AB  - To characterize the defect in glomerular permeability leading to albuminuria in
      rats made nephrotic acutely by infusion of hexadimethrine (HDM) or chronically by
      administration of Adriamycin (doxorubicin) (Adria), we developed and validated a
      tissue accumulation method for simultaneous determination of the glomerular
      sieving coefficients (GSC) of anionic 131I-labeled bovine albumin (BSA-pI 4.9)
      and 125I-labeled charge-modified neutral BSA (nBSA-pI 7.5 to 8.0). Total filtered
      marker was calculated by adding marker excreted in the urine to that filtered but
      reabsorbed by the tubules. The latter was determined by subtracting interstitial
      marker present in the left kidney, rendered non-filtering by ureteral ligation
      during mannitol diuresis, from the total marker accumulating within the right,
      filtering kidney. Experiments showed that markers circulated and were excreted
      intact and were neither degraded nor deiodinated during the period of the
      clearance studies. In control animals the GSC of nBSA (0.026 +/- 0.004) greatly
      exceeded that of BSA (0.0006 +/- 0.0002), demonstrating the normal charge
      dependence of permeability. Both proteinuric groups had marked increases in the
      GSC of BSA (HDM: 0.021 +/- 0.005; Adria: 0.025 +/- 0.004), which correlated with
      appearance of rat albumin in their urine. HDM rats also had a twofold increase in
      the GSC of nBSA (0.049 +/- 0.005), indicating alteration of the size dependence
      of permeability. The absolute increase of GSC of BSA and nBSA was similar,
      suggesting that albuminuria resulted from appearance of new "pores" in the
      glomerular filter that were not charge selective for proteins of the size of
      albumin. Thus, infusion of HDM, which binds to and neutralizes GBM anions,
      appears to produce albuminuria by inducing a structural change in the glomerular
      filter. Conversely, Adria rats had no significant increase in the GSC of nBSA
      (0.031 +/- 0.005), indicating no significant change in the size dependence of
      permeability for proteins of the size of albumin. In these animals, the GSC of
      the anionic BSA approached that of the neutral nBSA, indicating that Adriamycin
      induces albuminuria by markedly reducing the normal charge dependence of
      permeability.

PMID- 4068482
TI  - Tubular action of diuretics: distal effects on electrolyte transport and
      acidification.
AB  - We used clearance and free-flow micropuncture techniques to evaluate the
      influence of several diuretic agents, given both individually and in various
      combinations, on transport of sodium, potassium, and fluid, and on acidification
      and ammonium transport, within the distal tubule of the rat kidney. The loop
      diuretics, furosemide and piretanide, sharply increased fractional delivery of
      fluid, sodium, and potassium into the distal tubule, and, as a result, sodium
      reabsorption and potassium secretion were enhanced in this nephron segment. These
      two drugs also stimulated urinary acidification and increased urinary phosphate,
      titratable acid, and ammonium excretion. These effects took place both within the
      loop of Henle and along the distal tubule. Amiloride and triamterene alone
      inhibited distal tubular sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion, and, when
      given with one of the loop diuretics, suppressed both the kaliuresis and the
      increased acid and ammonium excretion induced by the latter agents.
      Hydrochlorothiazide and tizolemide inhibited sodium reabsorption within the
      distal tubule, and were associated with a stimulation of potassium secretion
      within this segment. Addition of one of these two latter distally acting agents
      to either of the loop diuretics led to a further augmentation of sodium
      excretion, but to a reduction of potassium excretion, compared to the responses
      seen after the loop diuretics alone.

PMID- 4068483
TI  - Glycoprotein reutilization in regenerating microvilli after renal ischemia in
      rats.
AB  - Renal ischemia causes a reversible loss of microvillar membrane (MVM) of the
      proximal tubule cell and of MVM enzyme specific activities (S.A.). We sought to
      determine if recovery of the MVM glycoprotein was accomplished through de novo
      synthesis or recycling. Renal ischemia (25 min) was induced in rats by occlusion
      of the left renal artery, followed by 15 min or 4 hrs of reflow of blood.
      Radiolabelled fucose was injected into rats before or after ischemia and was used
      as a marker for new glycoprotein synthesis or recycling of prelabelled
      glycoprotein. Ischemia, followed by 15 min of reflow, caused a 49% reduction in
      protein associated with the isolated MVM fraction of the ischemic kidney. There
      was also a decrease in newly fucosylated glycoprotein in both homogenate and MVM
      fraction measured as S.A. or total amount of labeled glycoprotein. Pre-labelled
      glycoproteins had no change in S.A. in homogenates or MVM fractions of ischemic
      or contralateral kidneys. However, the total amount of labeled glycoprotein in
      the ischemic MVM fraction was reduced. At 4 hrs of reflow, protein content of the
      MVM fraction was back to normal. Pre-labelled glycoproteins of the ischemic
      homogenate and MVM fraction were also back to normal with no significant dilution
      of glycoprotein S.A. by newly synthesized protein, indicating that glycoprotein
      recycling occurs to a large extent in the ischemic kidney.

PMID- 4068484
TI  - The detection of monocytes in human glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Renal biopsy specimens from 343 patients with primary or secondary
      glomerulonephritis (GN) were examined for monocytes by the non-specific esterase
      reaction. Large numbers of monocytes per glomerulus (M/G) were found in essential
      cryoglobulinemia GN (29 pts, M/G 30.6 +/- 22.4), in acute post-infectious GN (27
      pts, M/G 9.1 +/- 8.3), in rapidly progressive crescentic GN (20 pts, M/G 5.6 +/-
      2.7), in systemic lupus GN (61 pts, M/G 5.0 +/- 5.6), and in IgA-GN associated
      with chronic liver disease (5 pts, M/G 6.4 +/- 5.9) or Schonlein-Henoch purpura
      (15 pts, M/G 3.3 +/- 6.4). Clinico-histological correlation showed that monocyte
      infiltration was correlated with the extent of proteinuria (all groups), with the
      presence of endoluminal "thrombi" (cryoglobulinemia GN), of polymorphonuclear
      leukocyte infiltration (post-infectious GN), of cellular crescents (crescentic
      GN), of "active" lesions (lupus GN), and with the extension of lesions to the
      peripheral capillary walls (IgA-associated GN). The M/G index was negligible in
      renal amyloidosis (21 pts), in idiopathic membranoproliferative GN (10 pts), in
      idiopathic IgA mesangial GN (63 pts), in membranous GN (40 pts), in focal
      glomerulosclerosis (29 pts), in minimal change nephropathy (18 pts), and in
      diabetic glomerulosclerosis (5 pts). The results confirm the participation of
      cells of the monocyte-macrophage series in the genesis of proliferative lesions,
      both intracapillary and extracapillary, in immune-mediated human GN and suggest
      their direct involvement in glomerular injury.

PMID- 4068485
TI  - Detection of plasma proteins during sequential ultrafiltration/dialysis.
AB  - Elimination of low molecular weight proteins during sequential
      ultrafiltration/dialysis was studied in 29 uremic patients. Beta-2-microglobulin,
      retinol binding protein, free light chains lambda and kappa, Zn-alpha-2
      glycoprotein, hemopexin, prealbumin, hemoglobin, albumin, acid alpha-1
      glycoprotein, haptoglobin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, ribonuclease, lysozyme,
      amylase, non-specific esterase, and proteolytic activity were detected in all
      ultrafiltrates tested. The level of total protein and ribonuclease was determined
      in 36 crude ultrafiltrates from 23 patients. Concentrated ultrafiltrates were
      used to quantitate retinol binding protein, prealbumin, albumin, lysozyme, and
      amylase. Other proteins identified in the ultrafiltrates are present in trace
      amounts. The question was discussed whether ++inextensive but systematic loss of
      proteins during hemofiltration in chronic RDT might be the cause of patient
      homeostasis disturbances.

PMID- 4068486
TI  - Quantitative assessment of procoagulant activity in isolated rat glomeruli.

PMID- 4068487
TI  - [Noninvasive blood pressure monitoring in the newborn infant].

PMID- 4068488
TI  - [Clinical anamnestic findings in children with respiratory affect seizures].

PMID- 4068489
TI  - [Lymphocytic adenosine deaminase activity in children with acute and chronic
      respiratory tract diseases].

PMID- 4068490
TI  - [Foreign bodies in the bladder of children].

PMID- 4068491
TI  - [Shock lung syndrome in patients with closed chest injury].

PMID- 4068492
TI  - [Indices of the central hemodynamics and oxygen balance of ischemic heart disease
      patients undergoing graded physical loading].

PMID- 4068493
TI  - [Effect of the time of constriction of the aorta on myocardial metabolism during
      cold-induced cardioplegia].

PMID- 4068494
TI  - [Biological pulmonary truck prosthesis and its structural transformations after
      implantation].

PMID- 4068495
TI  - [Clinical diagnosis of pulmonary embolism].

PMID- 4068496
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the treatment results in cardiospasm].

PMID- 4068497
TI  - [Basis for choosing the method of operating on patients with cardial achalasia].

PMID- 4068498
TI  - [Surgical results with patients having a complicated course of pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 4068499
TI  - [Right-sided approach in operations on the left main bronchus].

PMID- 4068500
TI  - [Endolymphatic therapy of suppurative destructive processes in the lungs].

PMID- 4068501
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of pulmonary hamartoma and tuberculoma].

PMID- 4068502
TI  - [Thoracoscopy in exudative pleurisy].

PMID- 4068503
TI  - [Use of bioprostheses in the surgical treatment of aortic stenosis].

PMID- 4068504
TI  - [Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux in children].

PMID- 4068505
TI  - [Fiber endoscopy in the diagnosis of esophageal diseases].

PMID- 4068506
TI  - [Repeat operations in bronchial fistulae after pulmonectomy].

PMID- 4068507
TI  - [Experience in rendering care in heart injuries at a district hospital].

PMID- 4068508
TI  - [Foreign body in the bronchus simulating a tumor].

PMID- 4068509
TI  - [Deontological aspects of the surgical treatment of patients with cicatricial
      stenosis of the esophagus].

PMID- 4068510
TI  - [Chest injury complicated by avulsion of the right main bronchus and rupture of
      the right upper lobe bronchus].

PMID- 4068511
TI  - [Gastropleurobronchial fistula after a gunshot wound of the thorax and abdomen].

PMID- 4068512
TI  - [Incision during bronchoscopy of a mediastinal abscess developing after a lung
      abscess].

PMID- 4068513
TI  - [Respiratory distress syndrome].

PMID- 4068514
TI  - [Antibiotic therapy of patients with acute suppurative lung diseases].

PMID- 4068515
TI  - [2 cases of chylous cysts].

PMID- 4068516
TI  - [Surgical treatment of recurrent hepatic and pulmonary echinococcosis].

PMID- 4068517
TI  - [Giant cyst of the diaphragm].

PMID- 4068518
TI  - [Pulmonary embolism from daughter echinococcal cysts].

PMID- 4068519
TI  - [Heart injuries].

PMID- 4068520
TI  - [Extramucosal esophagocardiomyotomy with pedicled omentoplasty in treating
      cardiospasm].

PMID- 4068521
TI  - [Removal of a foreign body from the thoracic esophagus via an abdominal approach
      without an esophageal incision].

PMID- 4068522
TI  - [Carcinosarcoma and pseudosarcoma of the esophagus].

PMID- 4068523
TI  - [Presacral tumors in adults].

PMID- 4068524
TI  - [Thoracoabdominal injuries of the spleen].

PMID- 4068525
TI  - [Incised neck wound with transection of the larynx and pharynx].

PMID- 4068526
TI  - [Lithobezoar as a cause of stomach ulcer].

PMID- 4068527
TI  - [Trichobezoar of the stomach].

PMID- 4068528
TI  - [Rare combination of gastric peptic ulcer complications].

PMID- 4068529
TI  - [Modification of intrapleural thoracoplasty].

PMID- 4068530
TI  - [Method for an organ-conserving operation in decompensated stenosis of the
      gastric outlet].

PMID- 4068531
TI  - [Modified probe for the endoscopic diathermic coagulation of hemorrhaging
      ulcers].

PMID- 4068532
TI  - [Method of treating stomach and intestinal ulcers].

PMID- 4068533
TI  - [Neutralization of the aggressive action of gastric juice in preventing and
      treating erosive gastrointestinal hemorrhage].

PMID- 4068534
TI  - [Device for angiography].

PMID- 4068535
TI  - [Device for performing hemosorption on younger and older children].

PMID- 4068536
TI  - [Method for treating habitual shoulder dislocation].

PMID- 4068537
TI  - [Method for preventing postischemic syndrome of the extremity].

PMID- 4068538
TI  - [Method of restoring the patency of the terminal portion of the aorta and of the
      iliac arteries].

PMID- 4068539
TI  - [Method of intimal thrombectomy in arterial occlusive diseases].

PMID- 4068540
TI  - [Topographo-anatomical characteristics and mechanism of closed heart injury].

PMID- 4068541
TI  - [Catheterization and selective angiography of the venous system of the lower
      extremities].

PMID- 4068542
TI  - [Resection of the stomach in malposition].

PMID- 4068543
TI  - [Profuse hemorrhage from an ulcerated stomach carcinoid].

PMID- 4068544
TI  - [Giant gastric trichobezoar complicated by a perforated ulcer].

PMID- 4068545
TI  - [Conservative treatment of perforated stomach ulcers].

PMID- 4068546
TI  - [Variants of gastric resection with preservation of the pyloric sphincter].

PMID- 4068547
TI  - [Intraoperative control of the adequacy of selective proximal vagotomy].

PMID- 4068548
TI  - [Surgical results in peptic ulcer in relation to gastric acid-producing
      function].

PMID- 4068549
TI  - [Selective proximal vagotomy in the treatment of duodenal ulcer in young people].

PMID- 4068550
TI  - [Determination of the dumping syndrome predisposition of patients with peptic
      ulcer complicated by pyloroduodenal stenosis].

PMID- 4068551
TI  - [Surgical treatment of low-lying duodenal ulcers by gastric resection for
      exclusion of the ulcer and bilateral subdiaphragmatic truncal vagotomy].

PMID- 4068552
TI  - [Possibilities of introducing selective proximal vagotomy into the practice of
      general surgical departments].

PMID- 4068553
TI  - [Perforation of duodenal stress ulcers under the extreme conditions of a high
      altitude climb].

PMID- 4068554
TI  - [Surgical treatment method in total chemical burns of the stomach].

PMID- 4068555
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the gastric mucosa in duodenal peptic ulcer
      patients undergoing different types of surgical treatment].

PMID- 4068556
TI  - [Effect of vagotomy combined with gastric resection on morphofunctional shifts in
      the peripheral autonomic nervous system].

PMID- 4068557
TI  - [Use of antimetabolites in treating callous perforating stomach ulcers].

PMID- 4068558
TI  - [Role of the method of shaping the gastroenteric anastomosis during Billroth II
      gastric resection in the development of the dumping syndrome and afferent loop
      syndrome].

PMID- 4068559
TI  - [The evacuation of liquid and mixed food in late periods after gastric
      resection].

PMID- 4068560
TI  - [Urinary level of keto compounds in assessing the status of middle-aged and
      elderly patients].

PMID- 4068561
TI  - [Peptic ulcer complications in pyloroduodenal stenosis].

PMID- 4068562
TI  - [Conservative treatment of postoperative eventrations].

PMID- 4068563
TI  - [Closed aspiration-lavage treatment of abdominal abscesses].

PMID- 4068564
TI  - [Esophagocardioplasty with a serous muscle flap of the stomach on a vascular
      pedicle].

PMID- 4068566
TI  - [Modification of an intestinal obturator].

PMID- 4068565
TI  - [A device and method for the exact localization of soft-tissue foreign bodies].

PMID- 4068567
TI  - [A device for preventing the steaming up of eyeglasses in the operating room].

PMID- 4068568
TI  - [Retinal complications of pars plana vitrectomy].
AB  - A series of 500 consecutive pars plana vitrectomies was evaluated with regard to
      retinal complications. If the retina is attached preoperatively the risk of
      retinal complications is only 2.0%; however, in cases with preoperative
      detachment it rises to 9.2%. When membrane peeling is performed the risk rises by
      a further 7.3%. These statistics support the view that early vitrectomy is today
      a safe operation in cases with a simple initial anatomical situation. In
      contrast, late vitrectomy in cases where the initial anatomical situation is
      complex and membrane-peeling has to be performed is necessarily associated with a
      higher rate of complications.

PMID- 4068569
TI  - [Endosurgery of subretinal strands in proliferative vitreoretinopathy].
AB  - Subretinal strands were removed in 9 patients with retinal detachment complicated
      by proliferative vitreoretinopathy (Stages C 2 to D 1). A small retinotomy was
      made in the area of the strand. The subretinal proliferative tissue was then
      drawn to the surface with forceps. In this way it was possible to remove all of
      the strands completely. One strand snapped while being drawn, thus necessitating
      a further incision. Two additional small retinectomies had to be performed
      because of firm attachments to the retina. In all cases retinal reattachment was
      achieved by silicone oil injection. No postoperative recurrences of the
      proliferations were observed. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 9 months.

PMID- 4068570
TI  - [Myambutol (ethambutol)-induced retinoneuritis].
AB  - A retinoneuritis due to ethambutol (Myambutol) occurs with Myambutol doses of
      over 20 mg/kg per day after 3 weeks to 15 months. Visual acuity can deteriorate
      within the following 6 months even after immediate discontinuation of treatment
      with Myambutol. It may recover 2 months (though in some cases only 16 months)
      after the onset of the deterioration; in cases of optic atrophy a more severe
      loss of vision usually remains. If there was loss of vision to 1/10 or less there
      was in most cases no change in the visual acuity. On the other hand, a primary
      loss of vision to only 0.3 or 0.4 usually ended with recovery of full vision. The
      occasionally observed clinical picture of a reddish optic disk, retinal
      hemorrhages, a very fine granular pigment alteration of the macular region, and
      loss of vision for more than a year without optic disk pallor suggests a toxic
      retinitis or retinoneuritis rather than neuritis. This is confirmed by
      electrophysiological observations.

PMID- 4068571
TI  - [Microscopic study of the corneal epithelium based on intracellular turnover of
      fluorogenic substrates].
AB  - The methods presently available for examination of the corneal epithelium by use
      of the ophthalmic slit lamp are more or less restricted to the detection and
      diagnosis of significant lesions and the morphological results of pathologic
      processes in the epithelial layer at relatively low magnification and optical
      resolution. There is an increasing demand, however, for early detection of
      initial damaging effects to the corneal epithelium by testing simple specific
      reactions at cell level. Fluorescein microscopy of the intracellular turnover of
      fluorogenic substrates may become a valuable methodological basis for such an
      examination of the corneal epithelium. Orienting experimental investigations into
      the uptake and turnover of fluorescein-di-acetate (FDA) by the epithelial cells
      of the rabbit cornea after its exposure to isotonic 10(-5) molar FDA solution,
      using an endothelial specular microscope and an image intensifier TV camera,
      demonstrate that this principle permits a superior microscopic presentation not
      only of the cellular epithelial structure in general, but also of locally damaged
      areas of the epithelium immediately after their exposure to damaging chemical
      agents, in particular to substances affecting cell membranes.

PMID- 4068572
TI  - [Fibronectins: a possible treatment of therapy-resistant corneal ulcers].
AB  - Fibronectin was isolated from a patient's plasma by affinity chromatography using
      gelatin-agarose. Biochemical and immunological tests proved the homogeneity of
      the fibronectin fraction. A therapy-resistant corneal ulcer following keratitis
      neuroparalytica was successfully treated with the isolated fibronectin. The ulcer
      healed within 26 days of fibronectin treatment (1 drop 6 X daily) and eight
      months have now passed without it recurring.

PMID- 4068573
TI  - [Local beta blockaders in pregnancy].
AB  - Report on local application of Timolol maleate in a 32-year-old pregnant woman
      with juvenile glaucoma. Timoptol therapy regulated the patient's intraocular
      pressure without any side-effects in either mother or child.

PMID- 4068574
TI  - [Hydroxypropylmethyl-containing eyedrops in the treatment of sicca syndrome].
AB  - The author reports on 16 patients (9 with keratoconjunctivitis sicca, 7 with
      Sjogren's syndrome) treated with Isopto-Naturale eye drops for 10 months.
      Reduction of photophobia, burning, dryness and foreign-body sensation were
      achieved by local administration of the drug 2 to 5 times a day. The lesions in
      the corneal epithelium also improved significantly during the treatment period.
      Thus, Isopto-Naturale eye drops have proved to be more effective than 1%
      methylcellulose or 1.4% PVA artificial tear eye drops in the treatment of dry-eye
      syndrome.

PMID- 4068575
TI  - [Experimental studies on the correction of presbyopia].
AB  - As a consequence of the changing population structure the number of older, i.e.,
      presbyopic people in work will increase in the future. At the same time the
      demands made on vision at work will also increase, as new technologies are
      introduced. Both of these factors will have to be taken into account by
      ophthalmologists and the optical industry. As accommodation deteriorates, special
      glasses become necessary which are suited to requirements for highly qualified
      work. With this in mind the authors conducted a joint investigation at a
      precision assembly workplace together with the manufacturing technology
      laboratory of Duisburg University. The results show that if bifocal or
      respectively trifocal glasses are prescribed at the right time efficiency can be
      improved both quantitatively and qualitatively. The specific requirements with
      regard to spectacles worn at such workplaces result in particular from the fact
      that, for ergonomic and technical reasons, operating devices and controls are
      being mounted ever more frequently above the horizontal line of gaze. Therefore,
      when prescribing the glasses, it is important that not only the correction for
      close and mid-range vision, but also the size and location of this portion of the
      lens should be taken into consideration. This is illustrated with a number of
      examples.

PMID- 4068576
TI  - [Equivalency of different methods of measuring lens power].
AB  - Mathematical error analysis shows that the prognosis of IOL powers on the basis
      of theoretical optical formulas for calculating lens power is no more accurate
      than the regression (SRK) formula. The minimum error in a recommended lens power
      is at present between +/- 0.6 and +/- 1.0 D. As a result of this range of error
      there is a range of equivalence of the two formulas, and the vast majority of
      cataract patients (85%) are within this range. However, in hyperopic eyes the SRK
      formula is clearly superior to the theoretical optical formulas for a clinically
      useful prognosis.

PMID- 4068577
TI  - [New special eyeglass lens for emmetropic presbyopes].
AB  - Emmetropic presbyopes are not used to wearing bifocal or progressive-power lenses
      all the time. Reading spectacles have the disadvantage that they have to be
      removed when the wearer wishes to look into the distance. Therefore, these people
      are turning increasingly to pulpit spectacles, which correct their vision for
      reading while leaving the long-range vision to which they are accustomed
      unchanged. However, conventional pulpit spectacles do not enable emmetropic
      presbyopes to see clearly at intermediate distances. This article deals with a
      type of pulpit spectacles which have been specially developed for emmetropic
      presbyopes. The glasses have an aspheric surface which provides for clear vision
      at reading distance as well as at all intermediate distances.

PMID- 4068578
TI  - [Pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Clinical and statistical studies].
AB  - Between July 1, 1980 and December 31, 1982, out of 26 825 patients treated in
      both the outpatient and inpatient departments at the University Eye Clinic of
      Erlangen-Nurnberg, 107 (i.e., 0.4%) were found to have pseudo-exfoliation
      syndrome. In 51 cases only one eye was affected, in 56 cases both. Of these
      patients 49 were male and 58 female. They were between 54 and 89 years old, the
      average age being 73.2 years. In 61.3% of the cases the initial symptom was
      ocular hypertension. In about 75% the most important finding on slit-lamp
      examination, with the pupil undilated, was atrophy of the pupillary margin. A
      central disc was only seen in 39.3%, while the peripheral band was present in all
      cases. Fistulating operations had to be performed in 43 out of 100 cases
      diagnosed as having capsular glaucoma. This corresponds to 18.5% of all
      fistulating procedures performed for primary chronic open-angle glaucoma.

PMID- 4068579
TI  - [Surgical indications in glaucoma].
AB  - A number of aspects of glaucoma surgery are discussed. Complete drainage of the
      aqueous via the subconjunctival space results in underperfusion of the trabecular
      meshwork, leading to significant impairment of the trabecular function. In
      certain cases, therefore, we prefer trabeculotomy, even though its pressure
      lowering effect is inferior to that of fistulizing surgery: trabeculotomy
      preserves the unaffected trabecular meshwork. Laser trabeculoplasty has the
      advantage of increasing the outflow facility. In angle-closure glaucoma,
      iridectomy is performed as an initial procedure in every case in order to
      eliminate pupillary block. The transcorneal approach ensures watertight wound
      closure and preserves the conjunctiva for fistulizing surgery if necessary.
      Glaucoma surgery can usually be performed in lid akinesia and subconjunctival
      infiltration. This alternative helps to avoid retrobulbar injection when the
      optic nerve is already severely damaged by glaucoma.

PMID- 4068580
TI  - [Demonstration of the tonographic effect in YAG laser trabeculoplasty in chronic
      glaucoma].
AB  - In a pilot study comprising 16 eyes of 16 patients with chronic open-angle
      glaucoma the tonographic outflow facility was examined before and after Nd-YAG
      laser treatment of the trabecular meshwork. For evaluation of the facility effect
      of laser trabeculoplasty, the tonographic record between the third and seventh
      minute according to the tonography test of Leydhecker was used. An improvement in
      outflow facility was established which correlated with the postoperative fall in
      IOP.

PMID- 4068581
TI  - [Posterior chamber lenses and glaucoma].
AB  - The intraocular pressure of 100 glaucomatous eyes was followed up after
      extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of a posterior chamber lens.
      The cataract extraction techniques employed were KPE (33), ECCE (41), ECCE with
      iridotomy and iris suture (15), and ECCE with iridotomy and iris suture after
      previous fistulizing procedures. The follow-up examinations were performed 5.5
      and 16.4 months after surgery. About 1.5 years after the cataract extraction the
      intraocular pressure of all eyes had decreased on average by 2-3 mm Hg. The
      number of drug-dependent eyes decreased to 30% as compared to the situation prior
      to extraction. Only those patients who had undergone ECCE with iridoplasty after
      previous fistulizing procedures had a slightly increased, though not
      statistically significant pressure elevation. The proportion of drug-dependent
      patients in this group was also almost the same as before surgery. Follow-up at
      5.5 and 16.4 months revealed no major differences in the pressure level or the
      number of drug-dependent glaucomatous eyes.

PMID- 4068582
TI  - [Comparative studies of pilocarpine gel and pilocarpine eyedrops].
AB  - The influence of pilocarpine gel 4% and pilocarpine eye drops 4% or 2% on the
      optical and ophthalmological parameters pupil diameter, intraocular pressure,
      ametropia and visual acuity, range of accommodation, and nocturnal visual acuity
      with and without blinding was investigated. The tendency to amplify the myopia
      and impair nocturnal vision acuity with and without blinding was greater with eye
      drops than with gel. There was no significant difference between gel and eye
      drops as regards their effect on other parameters.

PMID- 4068583
TI  - [Value of iris fluorescence angiography in the early diagnosis of vascular
      lesions].
AB  - Fluorescein angiographies of the iris and retina were performed both in normal
      individuals (104) and in patients suffering from hyperlipoproteinemia (48),
      maturity-onset diabetes (184), systemic hypertension (12) and atherosclerosis
      (12). While hyperpermeation of dye located at the pupillary border was seen in
      7.7% of the normals, leakages occurred in 66.6% of the hyperlipoproteinemics and
      in 79% of the recent maturity-onset diabetics. Paraclinical examination of the
      normal subjects with pathologic dye transit revealed vascular risk factors in
      each case. Thus, fluorescein iris angiography is a suitable method of detecting
      vascular damage in cases of metabolic disorder as early as possible.

PMID- 4068584
TI  - [Effect of arterial blood pressure on retinal hemodynamics--a videoangiography
      study on the problem of autoregulation of blood supply to the retina].
AB  - In the videoangiographic study reported here the influence of blood pressure on
      retinal hemodynamics was investigated. Data for the study were obtained from a
      group of 377 patients. It was found that circulation times in the retina grow
      shorter as diastolic and arterial blood pressure rise. Diastolic blood pressure
      has a greater influence than systolic blood pressure on the circulation times in
      the eye. The increased velocity of retinal blood flow (as measured by the retinal
      circulation times) probably represents an autoregulative attempt to keep the
      blood supply in the retinal capillary system constant in spite of fluctuating
      blood pressure. When hypertensive changes in the retina or optic disk are
      ophthalmoscopically demonstrable, however, they are a sign that even the retinal
      autoregulation can no longer compensate for the effect of rising blood pressure
      on retinal hemodynamics: videoangiograms of this situation reveal an unmistakable
      slowing-down of retinal circulation, i.e., an increase in retinal circulation
      times.

PMID- 4068585
TI  - [Epiretinal gliosis (macular pucker)--indications for vitrectomy in relation to
      the retinometer value].
AB  - The prognostic value of preoperative examination with the retinometer
      (Rodenstock) in cases of macular pucker with many different causes was studied on
      the basis of 17 cases. The authors found that the visual acuity after membrane
      peeling correlated with the preoperative test with the laser interference
      instrument in most cases. Therefore, this examination can be helpful in deciding
      whether or not surgery is necessary.

PMID- 4068586
TI  - [Stereovision in random dot pattern VECP: normal findings and clinical use].
AB  - Cortical potentials evoked by dynamic random dot stereograms were recorded in 15
      normal subjects and 19 patients with impaired stereoscopic vision. The potentials
      obtained were compaired with those evoked by similarly arranged checkerboard
      contrast stimuli, binocularly presented. The two modes of stimulation yielded
      potentials of similar component latencies but the stereoscopically evoked
      component amplitudes were significantly lower. In nine-channel recordings the
      stereoscopically evoked potentials were found to be located farther anterior
      topographically, suggesting a different neural generating mechanism. Patients
      with impaired stereoscopic vision had lower amplitudes and longer peak latencies
      than normal subjects. In addition, larger disparities had to be used to elicit a
      response in these patients. There was a high degree of correlation between the
      disparity thresholds determined by evoked cortical potentials and those obtained
      by sensory measurements.

PMID- 4068587
TI  - [Animal experiment testing of polyurethane soft foam (SYSpur) as an episcleral
      filling material].
AB  - Soft polyurethane foam was sutured to the sclerae of 28 rabbit eyes in a manner
      similar to scleral buckling in retinal detachment surgery. During the follow-up
      period no tissue incompatibility was observed and wound healing appeared to be
      without complications. Microscopic examination revealed fibrocytes growing
      through the sponge and after 24 weeks the polyurethane meshwork was completely
      filled with granulation tissue.

PMID- 4068588
TI  - [Corneal opacity].
AB  - A case with bilateral corneal opacification in the form of a half-ring is
      described. Routine laboratory tests revealed no abnormalities, and serum
      lipoprotein composition was normal. The authors suspect that this was a case of
      primary lipoidal keratopathy.

PMID- 4068589
TI  - [Gyrate atrophy with macular dystrophy].
AB  - In a case of gyrate atrophy with hyperornithinemia a macular dystrophy was found.
      The ERG amplitude was markedly decreased whereas the b-wave implicit time was
      found to be normal. There was an obvious parallel between the extent of the
      peripheral and central alterations of the retina in both eyes. It may be assumed
      that in this case of gyrate atrophy the remaining retinal areas suffered little
      damage as far as qualitative parameters are concerned. Macular dystrophy may be
      one form of manifestation of the underlying disease.

PMID- 4068590
TI  - [Brown discoid deposits in the lens following long-term administration of
      diazepam (Valium)].
AB  - In two patients (a married couple) the oral intake of 5 mg diazepam (Valium) per
      day (sometimes even more) over several years led to a homogeneous brown
      opacification of the lens under the anterior capsule over an area corresponding
      to the mean pupillary diameter. The deposit is obviously irreversible.

PMID- 4068591
TI  - [Cataract discission with the Nd:YAG laser].
AB  - After Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy visual acuity increased in over 88% of the cases
      thus treated. Advantages and side-effects of the procedure are pointed out.

PMID- 4068592
TI  - [Recommendations for the evaluation of complicated aphakia in private accident
      insurance].
AB  - An evaluation of cases in which an expert opinion was obtained during the last 2
      years shows that only one-third of patients with traumatic aphakia and a 20/30
      loss of vision are adequately assessed. If there are further consequences of the
      accident (complicated aphakia) they should also be taken into account when
      assessing loss of vision. A simple method of doing this is described on the basis
      of three examples.

PMID- 4068593
TI  - [Various types of manifest and masked diaretinal and non-diaretinal choroiditis].
AB  - Since 1952 138 eyes with "retinochoroiditis juxtapapillaris" as described by
      Jensen, and directly comparable changes have been examined with subtile
      differentiating methods. Section I describes, in 78 eyes, the immediately
      recognizable, manifest forms; Section II, in 60 eyes, the masked forms concealed
      either initially or permanently by other phenomena in the fundus. In both groups
      there were patients in whom the juxtapapillary inflammatory focus appeared alone
      (solitary forms, 87 eyes) or associated with further typical plaques of new or
      old, disseminated or circumscribed, paracentral, equatorial, or peripheral
      choroiditis (combined forms, 51 eyes). Of the 78 eyes with manifest solitary or
      combined juxtapapillary choroiditis, 35 had a complete and irreversible sector
      shaped or arcuate visual field defect as described by Jensen. However, a further
      35 eyes clearly deviated from this: in 11 the sector-shaped or arcuate defect was
      complete and reversible, in 6 it was incomplete and irreversible, and in 3 it was
      incomplete and reversible. In 15 eyes with an apparently identical inflammatory
      focus there was merely an enlargement of Mariotte's blind spot commensurate with
      it in localization, configuration, and extent. Particularly noteworthy were 8
      eyes in which a peripheral focus had caused the complete and irreversible sector
      shaped visual field defect which Jensen considered exclusively characteristic of
      the juxtapapillaries described by him. Taken overall, the present author's
      investigations led to the fundamental finding that every inflammatory focus
      originating in the choroid, localized in any part of the fundus (juxtapapillary,
      paracentral, equatorial, or peripheral), can cause a scotoma corresponding to the
      focus to develop into an incomplete to complete, reversible to irreversible
      sector-shaped or arcuate defect in the visual field.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4068594
TI  - [Long-term prognosis in primary glaucoma in childhood].
AB  - The authors report on long-term observations of patients who underwent surgery
      for congenital glaucoma between 1961 and 1976. It was possible to perform follow
      up examinations in 46 out of 100 patients. In 66 out of 73 eyes (90%),
      intraocular pressure was regulated to below 22 mm Hg appl. after periods ranging
      from 5 to 22 years, in 16 eyes with additional local treatment with beta
      blockers. Over 60% of the cases had central vision better than 0.4, and only 2 of
      the patients had to be educated in special schools. All of the others were at
      least capable of attending elementary school and 50 percent of them were even
      able to go on to higher schools.

PMID- 4068595
TI  - [Binocular vision following posterior chamber lens implantation].
AB  - Binocular vision was tested in 106 pseudophakic patients 1 week after unilateral
      implantation of a Simcoe posterior chamber lens with 10 degrees angled haptics.
      Binocular functions are resumed immediately after surgery. Visual acuity, or
      rather the difference in visual acuity between the right and left eyes is mainly
      responsible for the quality of binocular vision. Heterophoria, anisometropia, and
      aniseikonia are less important.

PMID- 4068596
TI  - [Monocular polyopia in nuclear cataract].
AB  - Only patients with primary nuclear cataracts perceive multiplied images caused by
      the lens. All of them see these images in a lambda-shaped arrangement. This is
      not a diplopia caused by the two focal points of a 'Linse mit doppeltem
      Brennpunkt' (double-focus lens). The monocular polyopia can be explained by a
      prismatic effect of the sectors of the lens nucleus.

PMID- 4068597
TI  - [Clinical experiences with polyurethane soft foam fillings for retinal surgery].
AB  - Polyurethane sponge was used for scleral buckling in 165 patients suffering from
      retinal detachment. This material showed good tissue compatibility and the
      therapeutic procedure was successful in 90% of the cases thus treated. In 10
      patients polyurethane was used with success for cerclage. Postoperative
      complications observed were infection of the sponge in one patient and
      conjunctival dehiscence in two. Polyurethane sponge is less elastic than silicone
      sponge but has the same scleral buckling effect.

PMID- 4068598
TI  - [Pathogenesis of retinopathy in acute pancreatitis].
AB  - Several cases of ischemic damage to the retina associated with acute pancreatitis
      have been reported since 1975. The retinal disease is said to be caused by fat
      embolism of retinal vessels. However, since occlusions of blood vessels do not
      adequately explain the severe morphological changes and malfunctions of the
      retina, other etiological influences or a combination of them must be considered
      for this ophthalmological complication.

PMID- 4068599
TI  - [CAU--an accessory device for automatic monitoring and evaluation of fixation
      with the computer perimeter Competer].
AB  - During perimetry with the "Competer" fixation is tested by random switching of a
      projector lamp which has to be directed manually into the individual blind spot
      before the test is started. In order to improve efficiency with regard to time
      required, acceptance, and validity of the test, a device has been designed which
      rapidly locates the center of the blind spot and verifies it by random checks.
      Both the test logic and the design and operating features of this device, which
      works independently of the parent apparatus, are described in detail.

PMID- 4068600
TI  - [Determination and clinical significance of colloid osmotic pressure in pediatric
      patients].
AB  - The clinical significance of colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in transcapillary
      fluid exchange and water homeostasis in health and disease is described. Under
      pathophysiological circumstances measurement of COP should be preferred to COP
      value calculation. After extensive COP experiences in critically ill adults and
      numerous refinements in COP monitoring technology, COP studies in neonates and
      paediatric intensive care patients have been published recently. In these
      patients hypovolaemia and need of volume replacement therapy are often associated
      with an increase in capillary permeability. Therefore prevention of general and
      interstitial colloid and fluid overload is a permanent challenge in the care of
      the young critically ill patient; e.g. in a case report. Consequently regular COP
      measurements should be considered in paediatric intensive care, especially in
      case of oncotic volume replacement therapy.

PMID- 4068601
TI  - [Course of the disease in relation to the therapy in idiopathic thrombocytopenic
      purpura in childhood].
AB  - The case histories of 79 children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
      were retrospectively analyzed. The course was acute in 53 patients, chronic in
      24, and recurrent in 2. In cases of acute ITP (aITP) the duration of disease in
      children who had received high-dose immunoglobulin therapy was on average 3.4
      days shorter than in the untreated group, while in children who were given
      glucocorticoid therapy it was longer. Among the cases of chronic ITP, splenectomy
      in 5 out of 7 patients caused the thrombocyte count to return to normal, while in
      the other patients the increase was at least so high that there was no reason to
      fear the occurrence of hemorrhage. If the course is complicated in a case of
      chronic ITP, surgery should be considered, especially as the alternatives
      (glucocorticoids, high-dose immunoglobulin, vincristine) only led to a temporary
      success in our patients and hence only appear indicated in certain situations
      (e.g., when surgery is planned).

PMID- 4068602
TI  - [X-ray findings in primary bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia-- correlation with
      pathologico-anatomical findings].
AB  - Comparative radiologic/pathologic study of 45 newborns with primary and secondary
      pulmonary hypoplasia. 43 cases were proven at autopsy. From 9 cases with primary
      pulmonary hypoplasia, 7 could be identified by 3 independent observers. The
      roentgen criteria of primary pulmonary hypoplasia are evaluated and should serve
      in the future to clinically diagnose this condition.

PMID- 4068603
TI  - [Ocular findings in leukemia in childhood].
AB  - A 6 1/2 years old boy got completely blind within 3 days. Ophthalmoscopically
      regular findings suggested a retrobulbar opticus infiltration in a pediatric
      diagnosed acute myeloic leukemia FAB-M2. A quick diagnosis and prompt cytostatic
      therapy combined with irradiation of the retrobulbar space opened the way for
      complete remission with bilateral optic atrophy. The ophthalmoscopic examination
      of 12 other leukemic children showed once more the involvement of the central
      nervous system with bilateral papilloedema, 2 times retinal hemorrhages and one
      vitreous bleeding; 8 children had no ocular symptoms. Comparing these findings to
      those described in literature, the authors point out the value of ophthalmoscopy
      to exclude ophthalmologic damages and to avoid side-effects of cytostatic
      therapy, fortunately not observed till now.

PMID- 4068604
TI  - Stevens-Johnson syndrome during an immunosuppressive therapy with
      cyclophosphamide and prednisone.
AB  - Corticosteroids are often recommended for the treatment of severe Stevens-Johnson
      syndrome. We report about a 12 years old boy, who developed this syndrome during
      an immunosuppressive therapy with prednisone and cyclophosphamide for a frequent
      relapsing, steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. Most of the commonly mentioned
      etiologic factors for erythema exudativum multiforme could be excluded. The
      usefulness of corticosteroids for the therapy seems to be doubtful.

PMID- 4068605
TI  - Changes in intravascular fluid composition following blood replacement with
      perfluorocarbon emulsion in the rat.
AB  - The effects of near total blood replacement with the proprietary perfluorocarbon
      emulsion, Fluosol-DA, have been examined in conscious, chronically catheterized
      rats. Animals survived for up to 48 h with a haematocrit of less than 2%. No
      overt changes in cardiovascular or respiratory functions occurred during blood
      replacement but thereafter, animals showed a progressive deterioration of
      haemodynamic control. Changes in intravascular fluid composition during and
      following exchange-transfusion have been monitored and the extent to which these
      changes could have contributed to the eventual disruption of homeostasis is
      discussed.

PMID- 4068607
TI  - Right ventricular function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease.
AB  - Simultaneous right heart catheterization and radionuclide ventriculography were
      performed in 27 patients with a wide range of chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease. Central hemodynamics and radionuclide studies were done at rest and
      during exercise. In the resting state the right ventricular ejection fraction
      (RVEF) was in the normal range (43.3 +/- 6%). During exercise a significant (p
      less than 0.001) decrease of RVEF to 38.8 +/- 6.7% occurred. The pulmonary artery
      mean pressures were 19.9 +/- 3.8 at rest. During exercise a significant (p less
      than 0.001) increase to 41 +/- 9.8 mm Hg occurred. There was a linear
      relationship between pulmonary pressures and RVEF during exercise in patients
      with pulmonary artery pressures not exceeding 35 mm Hg. In patients with right
      ventricular end-diastolic wall thickness greater than or equal to 6 mm a
      curvilinear relationship between these parameters could be observed with a
      flattening of the curve at higher pressures (greater than 35 mm Hg) and lower
      ejection fractions (less than 35% RVEF). Radionuclide ventriculography cannot
      substitute for right heart catheterization. Echocardiography is useful for
      interpretation of right ventricular ejection fractions in advanced chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease.

PMID- 4068606
TI  - [Cardiovascular effect of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin].
AB  - The two major biological actions of vasopressin are antidiuresis and
      vasoconstriction. The antidiuretic action of low concentrations of vasopressin is
      well established and concentrations 10 to 100 times above those required for
      antidiuresis elevate arterial blood pressure. Antidiuresis is mediated by V2
      receptors at the kidney, whereas vasopressin constricts arterioles by binding at
      V1-receptors. Pharmacological effects of specific antagonists of the
      vasoconstrictor activity of vasopressin (vascular or V1-receptor antagonists) are
      presented. Low concentrations of vasopressin do have significant hemodynamic
      effects. Physiological concentrations of vasopressin cause vasoconstriction and
      elevate systemic vascular resistance. In subjects with intact cardiovascular
      reflex activity, however, cardiac output falls concomitantly and blood pressure
      therefore does not change. In animals with baroreceptor deafferentation or in
      patients with blunted baroreceptor reflexes (autonomic insufficiency) a rise in
      plasma vasopressin causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure,
      because cardiac output does not fall under these conditions. Vasopressin
      contributes substantially via increase in systemic vascular resistance to
      maintain blood pressure during water deprivation. During hemorrhage and
      hypotension vasopressin has a major role to restore blood pressure. In
      experimental hypertension vasopressin contributes to the development and
      maintenance of high blood pressure in DOCA, but not in genetic hypertensive rats.
      The role of vasopressin in human hypertension is not yet clear. Vasopressin in
      extrahypothalamic areas of the brain affects circulatory regulation by
      interaction with central cardiovascular control centers. The exact mechanism of
      how vasopressin is involved in central regulation of blood pressure remains to be
      established. In contrast to our previous opinion vasopressin is a vasoactive
      hormone also at low plasma concentrations. Its cardiovascular action is more
      complex than previously assumed.

PMID- 4068608
TI  - Mild proteinuria in patients with unilateral kidney.
AB  - Arterial blood pressure, 24 h urinary excretion, and glomerular filtration rate
      (GFR) in 24 patients with unilateral kidney were compared with an age and sex
      matched control group of healthy persons. Of the patients with unilateral kidney,
      13 were uninephrectomized and 11 patients had a congenital unilateral kidney. The
      24 h urinary protein excretion in patients with one kidney was significantly
      higher (630 +/- 51 mg/24 h) compared to the control group (206 +/- 36 mg/24 h).
      The arterial systolic and diastolic blood pressures and GFR did not differ in
      both groups. Furthermore, no differences were found between patients with
      unilateral kidneys following nephrectomy or renal agenesis. This study shows that
      mild proteinuria occurs in patients with unilateral kidney. An increased risk for
      deterioration in renal function or severe arterial hypertension was not detected
      in this investigation.

PMID- 4068609
TI  - Serum thyroglobulin levels in hypofunctioning nodules before and after surgery.
AB  - Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level was determined in 34 biologically euthyroid
      patients having benign hypofunctioning nodule, before and after surgery. Based on
      the results of thyroid scanning with radioiodine, 2 groups of patients were
      considered. Group 1 (n = 18) had solitary hypofunctioning nodule with an
      otherwise normal thyroid gland and group 2 (n = 16) had hypofunctioning nodule
      inside an enlarged and/or heterogeneous thyroid. Results were compared to a group
      of 30 control subjects. Mean Tg level was significantly elevated in both groups 1
      and 2 before surgery. No significant difference was found between group 1 and
      group 2. After surgical removal of the hypofunctioning nodule (follicular
      adenoma), mean Tg level was normalized in group 1 and decreased but still
      remained elevated in group 2. It is concluded that the observed elevated serum Tg
      level is due to the presence of hypofunctioning nodule and/or heterogeneous
      thyroid tissue. Thus, Tg determination may be useful in the follow-up of operated
      hypofunctioning nodules in order to detect abnormality in the remaining thyroid
      tissue.

PMID- 4068610
TI  - [Histological and ultrastructural findings in the healing phase of duodenal
      ulcer].
AB  - To evaluate and further characterize duodenal ulcer healing macroscopical,
      histological, and ultrastructural criteria were examined in 24 patients with
      active duodenal ulcer disease under two different treatment schedules. After the
      endoscopic confirmation of an active duodenal ulcer patients were randomly
      assigned to treatment with either an antacid (group A) or with an H2 blocker
      (group B). Tissue specimen were taken during endoscopy from the margin and 1 cm
      from the ulcer before therapy and from the ulcer scar or the previous ulcerated
      region after a 4 week treatment. A macroscopic ulcer healing by endoscopic
      criteria was confirmed in 83% of the patients in group A and in 83% of group B.
      The prominent histological feature of duodenal ulcer healing was a significant
      increase of PAS positive epithelial cells. Ultrastructural changes of the
      duodenal mucosa were still present at the end of the treatment, even in the
      presence of complete macroscopic healing. The ultrastructural healing process
      shows constant patterns independent from the type of treatment. The
      characteristic morphological feature by electron microscopy of the healing
      duodenal ulcer is the appearance of a metaplastic mucus secreting cell of the
      antrum-type. The devastated mucous structure during the ulcerative phase regains
      the normal net-like structure after 4 weeks therapy.

PMID- 4068611
TI  - Concentration of lipid, apoprotein-B and testosterone in patients with
      coronarographic findings.
AB  - The relationship between lipid, apolipoprotein-B and testosterone concentration
      and indicated coronarography was followed in male patients assigned into two age
      groups (under and over 50 years). Patients without a positive finding on coronary
      vessels served as controls. Patients of both age groups with a positive
      coronarographic finding showed an enhanced apolipoprotein-B and a decreased
      cholesterol concentration in the HDL2-high density lipoprotein subfraction.
      Likewise, testosterone level was also decreased in the two age groups. It appears
      that a lowered testosterone level may indirectly intervene into lipoprotein
      metabolism, or may affect the apolipoprotein-B level.

PMID- 4068612
TI  - 3H-Ouabain binding to human mononuclear leucocytes.
AB  - Specific binding of cardiac glycosides to intact human blood cells may be a
      suitable model for physiological or disease-induced changes in cardiac glycoside
      binding to human heart muscle. Since the erythrocyte contains no nucleus and has
      relatively few binding sites compared with heart muscle, intact mononuclear
      leucocytes were investigated in the present study. Using leucocyte suspensions
      from 34 normal subjects, 133 measurements of 3H-ouabain binding-were obtained. 3H
      Ouabain bound to one type of binding site with an affinity (KD) of 2.8 +/- 1.2 X
      10(-9) M, similar to that of human heart muscle. Association and dissociation
      were slow processes (k+1, 3.9 X 10(4) M-1 sec-1; k-1, 8.1 X 10(-5) sec-1, n = 2).
      The number of ouabain binding sites/leucocyte varied from 18,000 to 60,000 (mean
      +/- SD, 34,600 +/- 9,700), with no correlation with the proportion of monocytes
      present or with the serum K+-level of the donors. Large inter- and intra
      individual differences in binding site number were measured which are probably a
      result of the heterogeneity of the cell suspension used. Thus, the ouabain
      binding site on human heart muscle and intact mononuclear leucocytes is probably
      identical. However, the number of binding sites in mixtures of mononuclear
      leucocytes shows large and inconsistent intraindividual variations, making these
      studies unsuitable for quantifying drug- or disease-induced changes in ouabain
      binding site number.

PMID- 4068613
TI  - [Rare tumors of the large intestine].

PMID- 4068614
TI  - [Blood chemiluminescence in the diagnosis of acute inflammatory diseases of the
      abdominal organs].

PMID- 4068615
TI  - [Diagnosis of surgical diseases in an infectious disease hospital].

PMID- 4068616
TI  - [Disorders of pulmonary ventilation function in gastroenterology patients before
      surgery].

PMID- 4068617
TI  - [Cerebral manifestations of Quincke's edema].

PMID- 4068618
TI  - [Central hemodynamic changes during orthostatic collapse].

PMID- 4068619
TI  - [Case of aneurysmal perforation of the common hepatic artery into the duodenum].

PMID- 4068620
TI  - [Cerebral neurological symptoms in acute disease of the abdominal aorta].

PMID- 4068621
TI  - [Muscle and ligament tunnel syndromes].

PMID- 4068622
TI  - [Simplistic interpretations of the mechanisms of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 4068623
TI  - [Modern diagnosis of the pseudoabdominal syndrome].

PMID- 4068624
TI  - [Psychoautonomic disorders in duodenal peptic ulcer patients at different seasons
      of the year].

PMID- 4068625
TI  - [Cerebral and systemic circulatory functions in ischemic stroke in patients with
      heart rhythm disorders].

PMID- 4068626
TI  - [Effect of antianginal agents on the cerebral circulatory indices in cerebral
      arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 4068627
TI  - [Blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia (Brueghel syndrome)].

PMID- 4068629
TI  - [Clinical variants of neuralgic amyotrophy of the shoulder girdle].

PMID- 4068628
TI  - [Sensitivity changes in patients with facial neuritis resulting from treatment].

PMID- 4068630
TI  - [Neurological disorders in herpes simplex].

PMID- 4068631
TI  - [Clinical variants of the course of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 4068632
TI  - [Psychosomatic personality characteristics of the peptic ulcer patient].

PMID- 4068634
TI  - [Large-frame fluorography in the diagnosis of gastric ulcer].

PMID- 4068633
TI  - [Role of a disorder of emotional relations in the development of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 4068635
TI  - [Comparative analysis of the results of the local treatment of gastroduodenal
      ulcers using low-energy laser radiation and methyluracil].

PMID- 4068636
TI  - [Clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of patients with combined
      gastroduodenal ulcers].

PMID- 4068637
TI  - [Duodenogastric reflux in gastric ulcer patients in the pre- and postoperative
      periods].

PMID- 4068638
TI  - [Changes in the bile composition of chronic cholecystitis and chronic
      pancreatitis patients].

PMID- 4068639
TI  - [Surgical treatment of chronic calculous cholecystitis patients with a shortened
      length of stay in the hospital].

PMID- 4068640
TI  - [Characteristics of metabolism of human erythrocytes after long-term space
      flight].
AB  - Before and after the 150-day Salyut-7 flight the crewmembers were examined for
      their red blood metabolism, viz: major metabolic pathways (glycolytic and
      pentosophosphate), erythrocyte resistance, membrane permeability and lipid
      peroxidation rate. The resulting data indicate that the metabolic and membrane
      changes were not pathological and can be classified as adaptive.

PMID- 4068641
TI  - [Biomechanics and movements of the body after 120-day antiorthostatic
      hypokinesia].
AB  - This paper presents data on body parameters (weight and circumference) and
      walking biomechanics after 120-day head-down tilt. The exposure leads to changes
      primarily in the anti-gravitational muscles. They are assumed to be caused by
      relative changes in the fat and muscle components. Head-down tilt also produces
      changes in the kinematic parameters of the walking process, the shape of support
      reactions, and losses in the cost-efficiency of the walking process.

PMID- 4068642
TI  - [Functional activity of serotonin- and histaminergic systems in humans during
      long-term antiorthostatic hypokinesia].
AB  - The functional activity of serotonin- and histaminergic systems was investigated
      during 120-day head-down tilt. Serotonin excretion was increased until test day
      70 and histamine excretion throughout the entire study. At the final stage of
      exposure (test days 100-120) the serotonin content decreased. Return to the
      normal motor activity stimulated the function of serotonin- and histaminergic
      systems.

PMID- 4068643
TI  - [Body position of the human during hypokinesia and water-salt metabolism].
AB  - Two groups of 5 healthy volunteers each were exposed for 7 days to: 1) group 1 to
      horizontal bed rest and 2) group 2 to head-down tilt at -6 degrees. The purpose
      of the study was to determine the effect of body position on fluid-electrolyte
      metabolism and renal function. During the control period (14 days), bed rest and
      the recovery period the consumption of fluids and mineral substances and their
      renal excretion were measured. The typical changes in fluid-electrolyte
      metabolism during head-down tilt developed faster than during horizontal bed
      rest. The fluid-electrolyte balance became negative in the course of the exposure
      and returned to normal during the recovery period. The group 2 subjects showed
      greater body weight losses due to both fluid and muscle mass losses.

PMID- 4068644
TI  - [State of microcirculation and cellular hemostasis in men with borderline
      arterial hypertension during thermoneutral "dry" water immersion].
AB  - Platelet hemostasis, microcirculation, blood viscosity and lipid metabolism were
      examined in 18 men with borderline hypertension and 8 healthy men before, during
      and after 7-day immersion. The exposure to thermoneutral dry water immersion
      produced hypercoagulopathic changes of platelet hemostasis in the healthy and
      hypertensive subjects. Platelet hemostasis returned to the pretest level in the
      healthy subjects 2 days and in the hypertensive subjects only 5 days after
      exposure. Prior to immersion the hypertensive subjects showed signs of
      capillarotrophic insufficiency which increased after exposure. On immersion day 3
      the hypertensive subjects exhibited a higher blood viscosity and a larger content
      of total lipids and free fatty acids. All the parameters returned to normal 2
      days after immersion.

PMID- 4068645
TI  - [Roentgenological and pathomorphological changes in the canine heart during 6
      months hypokinesia].
AB  - The effect of 6-month hypokinesia on the cardiac function and pathomorphological
      changes in 8 dogs was investigated. The heart size during systolic and diastolic
      contractions, stroke volume and contractile function were measured once a month,
      using an X-ray unit and a kymograph. After the hypokinetic exposure 6 dogs were
      sacrificed and their hearts were examined morphologically and histochemically.
      The recovery processes were investigated on 2 other dogs that were allowed to
      survive for 30 days after exposure. The 6-month hypokinesia led to a significant
      decrease in the heart size, stroke volume, cardiac index, and the contractile
      function. Post-mortem morphological examinations revealed atrophic changes in the
      myocardium. Electron-microscopy investigations demonstrated focal destructive
      changes in myofibers and in mitochondria: some of them were denser while others
      had a more transparent matrix and degraded crystae. Histochemical data (increased
      acid and alkaline phosphatase) also suggested atrophic and destructive changes in
      the myocardium. The above changes did not return to normal within 30 days of the
      recovery period.

PMID- 4068646
TI  - [Contractile properties of muscle fibers in rats after long-term exposure to
      acceleration + 2Gx].
AB  - The effect of 21-day exposure to +2 Gx and +1.1 Gx on the contractile properties
      of different muscle groups of rat fore- and hindlimbs was examined, using
      glycerinated myofibers in the ATP + Ca2+ solution. It was found that the
      isometric contraction strength and velocity increased, the performance of the
      postural extensors also grew: that of the soleus m. in the +2 Gx rats and that of
      the triceps brachii m. in the +2 Gx and +1.1 Gx rats. The contractile changes of
      the flexors of fore- and hindlimbs were insignificant and sometimes oppositely
      directed. The different responses of the muscles to acceleration were associated
      with the differences in their function, metabolism and biomechanics.

PMID- 4068647
TI  - [Indicators of hemodynamics in different degrees of resistance to excess head
      pelvis load].
AB  - Hemodynamic parameters in the subjects with various resistance to +Gz
      acceleration were investigated. Twelve test subjects were rotated 41 times in a
      7.25 m-arm centrifuge. The acceleration value was increased slowly. During
      centrifugation ECG, systolic pressure in the ear lobe, stroke volume and cardiac
      output were measured. In the resistant subjects stroke volume remained stable and
      cardiac output was close to or higher than the initial level (due to
      tachycardia). In the nonresistant subjects both parameters decreased although
      their heart rate was significantly higher than in the resistant subjects. Various
      visual disorders developed when cardiac output decreased by 50-70% as compared to
      the initial level. It is concluded that in the nonresistant people the
      compensatory mechanisms responsible for the stability of cardiac output include
      primarily HR increase, whereas in the resistant people they involve a high level
      of venous return and stroke volume.

PMID- 4068648
TI  - [Cumulative effect of Coriolis acceleration on coronary hemodynamics].
AB  - Time-course variations in coronary circulation and cardiac output were measured
      in 29 healthy test subjects who performed tests with a continuous cumulation of
      Coriolis accelerations and in 12 healthy test subjects who were exposed to
      Coriolis accelerations combined with acute hypoxia. Adaptive changes in coronary
      circulation were seen. It is recommended to monitor coronary circulation during
      vestibulometric tests as part of medical expertise of the flying personnel.

PMID- 4068649
TI  - [Relationship between nystagmus and utricular function].
AB  - The horizontal neck nystagmus arising in response to angular acceleration was
      recorded electromyographically in pigeons (Columba livia). After bilateral
      section of the utricular nerves (Roumuli utriculi) the nystagmic reactions to the
      right and to the left remained symmetrical although they were delayed when
      compared to the reactions of intact animals. Unilateral section of the utricular
      nerves caused asymmetric reactions from the semicircular canals: the nystagmus
      toward the dissected nerve was delayed to a greater extent than that toward the
      intact nerve.

PMID- 4068650
TI  - [Substantiation of the reliability level of fire extinguishers for medical
      atmosphere exposure chambers].

PMID- 4068651
TI  - [Age-related changes in the electroencephalograms of pilots].

PMID- 4068652
TI  - Naturally occurring genital mycoplasmosis in mice.
AB  - The first isolations of Mycoplasma pulmonis were made from inflamed ovaries of 2
      C3H/F1 mice. Investigation of cultures from a further 110 apparently healthy mice
      revealed 14 cases of M. pulmonis localized in the ovaries and associated with
      oophoritis.

PMID- 4068654
TI  - Development of a semi-inbred line of Landrace pigs. I. Breeding performance and
      immunogenetic characteristics.
AB  - During 15 years of inbreeding of pigs (Canadian Landrace) a semi-inbred line has
      been developed. The inbreeding coefficient (FX) is 0.84, which theoretically
      corresponds to between 8-9 generations of brother/sister matings. At the highest
      inbreeding level (0.84) the mean number of newborn piglets in the litter was 7.2
      (5 litters, n = 36) including 5 stillborn (13.8%). The mean birth weight of the
      litter was 8.56 kg (5 litters, n = 31) the mean piglet birth weight was 1.23 kg
      and at the age of 21 days the mean weight of a litter was 33.24 kg with a mean
      piglet weight of 5.44 kg. During inbreeding, immunogenetic alloantigenic systems
      were investigated. Of 15 known erythrocyte systems, alleles of loci J, K, and of
      the most polymorphic system E, segregated. As to other immunogenetic systems
      (histocompatibility, leucocyte and allotypes) 2 SLA haplotypes (major
      histocompatibility complex) and 2 alleles of the SLC leucocyte system segregated.
      Allotransplants of the skin in SLA compatible siblings survived for a mean of
      50.7 days (n = 77) compared with 10.8 days (n = 29) in non-inbred siblings. Tests
      of blastic transformation activated by T and B lymphocyte mitogens revealed a
      normal cell-mediated immune response. After immunization with some cell membrane
      alloantigens a normal humoral response was also recorded. All tested animals were
      halothane-resistant and tolerated a 10-min exposure to 5% without developing
      malignant hyperthermia. Depression due to inbreeding was manifested by a reduced
      reproductive ability (smaller number of piglets, frequent incidence of gonadal
      hypoplasia, diminution or loss of libido).

PMID- 4068653
TI  - A new method of complete biliary retention.
AB  - We describe a new modified method of producing non-obstructive complete internal
      biliary retention in the rat by draining bile into the caudal vena cava. This
      relatively simple method has the additional advantage that restraining cages are
      not necessary.

PMID- 4068655
TI  - Death in leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) following ingestion of
      vermiculite.
AB  - This paper details the clinical and post-mortem findings of leopard geckos
      following ingestion of vermiculite bedding material. Death was attributed to the
      high magnesium content of the vermiculite.

PMID- 4068656
TI  - A rearing system for colostrum-deprived neonatal piglets.
AB  - A system for the artificial rearing of colostrum-deprived neonatal piglets is
      described. A total of 443 piglets in 6 batches was reared. Each piglet,
      immediately after birth was placed in a separate incubator which was ventilated
      with heated filtered air. Piglets were fed hourly by an automatic system and were
      offered a liquid milk substitute. The mean survival rate up to the time piglets
      were transferred out of the rearing unit at 2 weeks of age was 78 +/- 7%. The
      mean daily live weight gain up to 2 weeks of age was 148 +/- 16 g/day and the dry
      matter intake over the same period was 154 +/- 10 g/day per piglet.

PMID- 4068657
TI  - A mouse model for Entamoeba histolytica infection.
AB  - 2 strains of Entamoeba histolytica, SAW 760 and SAW 408 (non-invasive zymodeme IX
      and invasive zymodeme II respectively, Sargeaunt & Williams 1979) were
      administered intra-intestinally to 15 inbred and 3 outbred strains of mouse. All
      were known to be free of the mouse amoeba E. muris. During the investigation, all
      animals were maintained in plastic film isolator units, under gnotobiotic
      conditions. Both zymodemes were found to be capable of infecting all 18 strains
      of mice for varying periods of time and both were capable of invading the gut
      mucosa in genetically susceptible strains. Mortality was high in some of the
      immunologically deprived strains, particularly with the more invasive strain of
      amoeba. 4 mouse strains: DBA/2, MRL, NZB, C57BL/6 bg, were found to be
      particularly good hosts to SAW 760.

PMID- 4068658
TI  - The availability to the rat of energy from various diet ingredients.
AB  - The digestible and metabolizable energy values of 8 ingredients commonly used in
      laboratory animal diets were determined using the growing male rat, by the total
      collection method. Each ingredient was incorporated into a basal diet of maize,
      wheat, soyabean meal and fishmeal. The metabolizable energy values, on a dry
      matter basis, corrected to the nitrogen retention of the basal diet for rats per
      100 g bodyweight were as follows: maize 15.23 MJ/kg, extracted soyabean meal
      14.11 MJ/kg, barley 12.31 MJ/kg, wheat 14.09 MJ/kg, oatfeed 1.36 MJ/kg, white
      fishmeal 11.61 MJ/kg, dried skimmed milk 14.32 MJ/kg, casein 17.91 MJ/kg.
      Additional analytical data for the 8 ingredients are also given.

PMID- 4068659
TI  - The nutritional value of rat diets of differing energy and protein levels when
      subjected to physical processing.
AB  - 4 diets formulated to contain 8.5, 10.0, 11.5 and 12.5 MJ/kg metabolizable energy
      and 85, 133, 192 and 250 g/kg of protein respectively were prepared in 3 physical
      forms: meal, reground pellets or reground expanded and fed to growing rats from
      28 to 56 days of age. Food intake was increased by pelleting and expanding in
      lower energy diets, whereas these differences tended to disappear in the higher
      energy diets. Growth and food conversion efficiencies showed a similar pattern,
      with the greatest differences evident in the low energy diets. Male rats showed
      greater differences than females in all parameters measured. Expanding the diet
      improved the microbiological status over pelleting both being superior to
      unprocessed meal. Measurements of digestible and metabolizable energy values of
      the 8.5 and 12.5 MJ/kg diets revealed consistent decreases in energy availability
      following processing. This suggested that the observed growth responses were due
      mainly to increased food intake coupled with increased nitrogen retention.

PMID- 4068660
TI  - NIH/Ola: a highly productive inbred strain of laboratory mouse.
AB  - According to historical records the NIH/Ola strain was developed from outbred
      'Swiss' mice imported into the USA by Dr C. Lynch in 1926. A comparison of
      biochemical markers in strain NIH/Ola and other strains such as SJL and SWR
      derived from the same foundation stock supports the historical records. Data on
      litter size, length of gestation, bodyweight to 70 days of age, and reproductive
      performance when housed in polygamous groups of up to 10 females per male were
      compared with similar data on inbred CBA/CaOla and C57BL/10ScSnOla mice. NIH/Ola
      inbred mice had an exceptional reproductive performance, producing about 1.8
      young weaned/female/week when housed as monogamous pairs over a period of 20
      weeks, compared with less than 1.0 young/female/week with the other 2 strains.
      NIH/Ola mice were also extremely tolerant to mating in polygamous groups of up to
      about 8 females per male. Mating ratios of over 2-3 females per male resulted in
      a marked decline in the total number of litters produced per female in
      C57BL/10ScSnOla and CBA/CaOla, but this reduction was not nearly so marked in
      NIH/Ola. It is concluded that the NIH/Ola inbred strain may be particularly
      useful in studies such as teratology where a high reproductive performance needs
      to be combined with the advantages of a fully inbred strain.

PMID- 4068661
TI  - The responses of rats to various combinations of energy and protein. I. Diets
      made from purified ingredients.
AB  - Male and female weanling rats were fed ad libitum for 28 days on purified diets
      with metabolizable energy levels of 8.0, 9.5, 11.0 or 12.5 MJ/kg and
      protein:energy ratios of 1:1, 1.33:1, 1.67:1 or 2:1 %:MJ/kg at each energy level.
      Major nutrients were balanced in proportion to energy and protein. The following
      parameters were measured: food intake, bodyweight, body length, abdominal fat,
      liver and kidney weights. Increasing dietary energy level reduced food intake but
      the reduction was not sufficient to prevent an increase in energy intake. This
      was reflected by increases in bodyweight, body length, abdominal fat, and
      relative liver and kidney weights, especially in male rats. Higher energy intake
      increased weight gain and food conversion efficiency to a greater extent than
      higher protein intake. The response to protein intake at different energy levels
      was not consistent. There was no common protein:energy ratio for overall good
      performance. It is concluded that rat growth and other features can be controlled
      by the alteration of dietary energy and protein levels.

PMID- 4068662
TI  - The responses of rats to various combinations of energy and protein. II. Diets
      made from natural ingredients.
AB  - Natural diets with metabolizable energy levels of 8.5, 10.0, 11.5 or 13.0 MJ/kg
      and protein:energy ratios of 1:1, 1.33:1, 1.67:1 or 2:1 %:MJ/kg were fed ad
      libitum for 28 days to male and female weanling rats. Records of food intake and
      bodyweight were maintained weekly, and at post mortem examination body length,
      abdominal fat, liver and kidney weights were measured. Food intake was reduced
      when dietary energy level increased but this reduction was not sufficient to
      prevent energy intake increasing, especially in males. Female rats showed only
      small increases in energy intakes as dietary energy levels rose. The increase in
      energy intake at higher dietary energy levels increased food conversion
      efficiency, weight gain and abdominal fat deposition. The responses of male rats
      were greater than females. Protein intake had a smaller and less consistent
      effect than energy intake. Increased protein:energy ratio resulted in higher
      absolute and relative liver and kidney weights and greater body length. This
      reflected the increase of bodyweight gain at higher protein:energy ratios.

PMID- 4068663
TI  - The 'normalization' of germ-free rabbits with host-specific caecal microflora.
AB  - Hysterectomy-derived germ-free rabbits were given colonization-resistant caecal
      flora (CRF) from mice, or microflora obtained from the caecum of an antibiotic
      decontaminated conventional rabbit and compared with rabbits conventionally
      raised with the doe. Bodyweight and the following intestinal parameters were
      determined for the 3 groups: colonization resistance to E. coli, relative caecal
      weight, villus:crypt ratio (ileum), beta-aspartylglycine (faeces), volatile fatty
      acids (caecum), and bile acids (faeces). Germ-free rabbits given mouse CRF-flora
      showed values quite different from control animals for most parameters,
      indicating unsuitability of mouse CRF flora to 'normalize' rabbits. In germ-free
      rabbits given modified (antibiotic-treated) rabbit flora, values for most
      parameters were intermediate between those found for the other 2 groups. This
      species-specific caecal flora should be improved to provide full 'normalization'
      of germ-free rabbits.

PMID- 4068664
TI  - Comparison of media for isolation of mouse anaerobic faecal bacteria.
AB  - A study was made to determine suitable plate-in-bottle media for enumeration and
      isolation of the anaerobic faecal bacteria of mice. Comparison of non-selective
      media indicated that colony counts were higher on M-SM10, M10 and M-M98-5 than on
      EG, W & E medium and BHI, and those on M-SM10 were always the highest.
      Bacteroidaceae counts on M-SM10, M10, M-M98-5 were particularly high. On the
      other hand, in chloroform-treated faeces which contain only Clostridial spores,
      colony counts were higher on EG and W & E medium than on M-SM10, M10 and M-M98-5.
      These results indicate that suitable non-selective media vary according to the
      bacterial species to be enumerated and isolated.

PMID- 4068665
TI  - Animal house stock control based on bar-coded cage labels.
AB  - In an animal house serving the needs of a large research institute, a regular
      inventory of the animals in stock is a considerable help towards effective
      management of the facility. In particular, advising the licence-holders of what
      animals are being held in their name and reminding them of the costs involved is
      a valuable exercise. The introduction of a computerized system of stock control,
      based on bar-coded cage labels, is described. The system has proved economical to
      operate, accurate, and can be run by persons without computer expertise.

PMID- 4068666
TI  - Muscular dystrophy in the duck.
AB  - Clinical and gross anatomy features of myopathic ducks are reported. Light
      microscopic examination of the leg muscles showed necrosis, degeneration and
      inflammation, and some degree of regeneration was also observed. There was
      infiltration and replacement of muscle fibres with fibrous tissue. Electron
      microscopy showed the early stages of myofilament dissolution and accumulation of
      glycogen in the presynaptic terminal of the neuromuscular junction.

PMID- 4068667
TI  - Vesalius and Hunter were right: decidua is a membrane!

PMID- 4068668
TI  - Fibronectin and F-actin redistribution in cultured endothelial cells exposed to
      shear stress.
AB  - Cultured endothelial cells exposed to shear stresses in vitro undergo a
      reorganization of their F-actin-containing cytoskeletons which culminates in
      realignment with flow direction. Since a close transmembrane association exists
      between actin microfilaments and extracellular fibronectin, this study was
      undertaken to examine whether the actin reorganization induced by shear stress is
      accompanied by perturbations in the underlying fibronectin matrix. In a closed
      circulatory loop, bovine endothelial monolayers were exposed to steady, laminar
      flows corresponding to shear stress levels of 6 and 26 dynes/cm2 for 2, 6, 12,
      and 24 hours. The co-distribution of fibronectin and F-actin was determined in
      specimens which were double-labeled with antiserum to fibronectin and rhodamine
      phalloidin, respectively. Under the influence of shear stress, cells underwent
      coordinate shape changes resulting in varying degrees of alignment with flow
      direction. Reorientation at these shear stress levels was dependent on both the
      time of exposure and the magnitude of shear stress and was accompanied by a
      reorganization in cellular fibronectin and F-actin. In controls (no flow)
      correspondence between the two proteins was limited to similarly arranged, radial
      foci of fibronectin and F-actin filaments at the basal cell surfaces. In flow
      specimens, coincidence was detected only between occasional fibronectin fibrils
      and F-actin stress fibers. As a consequence of shear stress, fibronectin became
      more uniformly distributed beneath monolayers and frequently was organized into
      bands of densely packed fibrils. Despite this extensive reorganization,
      rearrangement of fibronectin did not result in the formation of identical, linear
      structures with F-.

PMID- 4068669
TI  - Stenoses in the coronary arteries. Relation to atherosclerotic lesions, coronary
      heart disease, and risk factors. The Oslo Study.
AB  - Coronary heart disease is strongly associated with the presence of stenosis in
      the epicardial coronary arteries. This prospective autopsy study shows that the
      relationship between risk factors for coronary heart disease and the occurrence
      of stenosis is the same as between risk factors and coronary atherosclerotic
      lesions: serum cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure contribute to
      formation of coronary stenosis; high density lipoprotein cholesterol is inversely
      related to stenosis. None of the other risk factors for coronary heart disease,
      such as fasting triglycerides, smoking habits, social class, and physical
      activity at work and at leisure, was statistically associated with the occurrence
      of coronary stenosis. Additional statistical analyses show that these selected
      risk factors do not seem to have any independent influence on the development of
      coronary stenosis over and above that of the extent of raised atherosclerotic
      lesions.

PMID- 4068670
TI  - Effects of inhalation of 0.12 and 0.25 parts per million ozone on the proximal
      alveolar region of juvenile and adult rats.
AB  - The degree of lung injury caused by prolonged inhalation of low levels of ozone
      (O3) is of interest since urban environmental levels periodically reach 0.2 to
      0.3 ppm. Since the area of the junction of the conductive and respiratory regions
      of the lung has been reported as the major site of injury due to O3 inhalation,
      techniques were devised to specifically study alveolar tissue from this region.
      One-day-old or 6-week-old male rats were exposed to either 0.25 ppm O3 12
      hours/day or to continuous room air for 6 weeks. An additional group of 6-week
      old rats were exposed to 0.12 ppm O3 for the same time period. All lungs were
      fixed at the end of the exposure by intratracheal installation of buffered 2%
      glutaraldehyde. Cylinders of tissue containing a cross-section of a terminal
      bronchiole were punched out of lung tissue slices using a sharpened cannula.
      These tissue cylinders were oriented, embedded in Epon, serial sectioned until
      the first alveolar duct bifurcation was reached, and then thin sectioned for
      electron microscopy. Qualitative examination of the tissue revealed little
      observable damage to the proximal alveolar tissues. However, by ultrastructure
      morphometric analysis, significant changes occurred in the alveolar epithelium of
      the proximal alveolar region of all exposed animals. In the animals exposed to
      0.25 ppm O3 from 1 day of age (juvenile animals), the number of type 1 epithelial
      cells doubled, their mean surface area decreased 38%, and their mean thickness
      increased 24%. The number of alveolar type 2 epithelial cells increased, and the
      number of alveolar macrophages doubled. Adult animals exposed to 0.25 ppm O3
      showed similar patterns of changes in the epithelium of the proximal alveolar
      region and in addition had a doubling of interstitial macrophages, indicating a
      mild inflammatory stimulus in the interstitium. Adult animals exposed to 0.12 ppm
      O3 showed smaller, but statistically significant changes in the alveolar type 1
      epithelium, suggesting a relatively linear concentration-response relationship.
      The change in number and size of type 1 cells in all exposed animals is
      consistent with an increased cell turnover rate due to prolonged O3 inhalation.
      These results suggest that low concentrations of O3 cause a chronic epithelial
      injury in the proximal alveolar region and that the extent of these changes
      occurs in a concentration-dependent manner, even at concentrations as low as 0.12
      ppm. No statistically significant age-dependent effects were found.

PMID- 4068671
TI  - Reversible microcarrier-mediated junctional communication between endothelial and
      smooth muscle cell monolayers: an in vitro model of vascular cell interactions.
AB  - Junctional communication between cultured monolayers of aortic endothelial and
      smooth muscle cells was established as an in vitro model of vessel wall cell
      interactions. Confluent monolayers of endothelial cells on microcarriers placed
      on the surface of a smooth muscle cell monolayer became attached within 1 hour.
      After 3 hours of contact co-culture, approximately 4% of each monolayer was
      involved in heterocellular attachment (range 2% to 6%; 4 to 12 cells per
      microcarrier). Endothelial-smooth muscle cell junctions formed between the two
      cell populations at the sites of attachment on the lower surface of each
      microcarrier. When either endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells were
      prelabeled with [3H]uridine, intracellular nucleotide was rapidly transferred
      across the region of heterocellular attachment to the complementary cell
      population. Heterocellular gap junctional transfer was inhibited when endothelial
      smooth muscle attachment was prevented by slowly rocking the culture vessel. No
      evidence of nucleotide transfer was obtained when endothelial cells were co
      cultured with MDCK cells incapable of forming gap junctions. Contact co-culture
      of endothelium and smooth muscle cells were reversed by gentle agitation of the
      cultures; the microcarriers detached allowing the recovery of pure cell
      populations. The contact co-culture technique is well suited to studies of
      vascular cell interactions and is of general applicability to anchorage dependent
      cells.

PMID- 4068672
TI  - An evaluation of the PO2 aerobic exerciser as an ergogenic aid in training
      competitive cyclists.

PMID- 4068673
TI  - Cardiovascular reactivity and blood chemical changes during exercise.

PMID- 4068674
TI  - Accuracy of anthropometric equations for estimating body composition in female
      athletes.

PMID- 4068675
TI  - Suitable physique to exhaustive walking in a long distance.

PMID- 4068676
TI  - Strength comparisons in untrained men and trained women body builders.

PMID- 4068677
TI  - The motivation of the long distance runner: I.

PMID- 4068678
TI  - The motivation of the long distance runner: II.

PMID- 4068679
TI  - Estimation of fitness and physical ability, physical performance, and self
      concept among adolescent females.

PMID- 4068680
TI  - Psychosocial factors and athletic injury.

PMID- 4068681
TI  - Fiber composition and morphometry of the quadriceps femoris muscle in athletes
      and non-athletic individuals after knee injury.

PMID- 4068682
TI  - Influence of the physical effort on the electroretinogram (ERG).

PMID- 4068683
TI  - Physiological stress and performance changes in response to beginning level
      orienteering.

PMID- 4068684
TI  - The effects of various training intensities on the kinetics of oxygen
      consumption.

PMID- 4068685
TI  - Blood lactate concentrations during submaximal work under differing environmental
      conditions.

PMID- 4068686
TI  - Alterations in pulmonary function consequent to a 5-mile run.

PMID- 4068687
TI  - Relationships among physique, strength, and performance in women students.

PMID- 4068688
TI  - Transmural coronary vasodilator reserve and flow distribution in unanesthetized
      calves sojourning at 3500 m.
AB  - Regional myocardial blood flow (MBF; 15-micron-diam radionuclide-labeled
      microspheres) was studied in six unanesthetized calves sojourning at 3500 m (PB =
      500 mm Hg) for 53 +/- 2 days. These high-altitude (HA)-exposed calves were
      studied during chronic hypoxemia (PaO2 = 48 +/- 1 mm Hg), maximal coronary
      vasodilation, and during acute normoxemia (PaO2 = 91 +/- 1 mm Hg). Nine calves
      born and raised at sea level (SL) were also studied at matched PaO2 during
      chronic normoxemia, maximal coronary vasodilation, and acute hypoxemia to serve
      as control. Marked pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy
      were present in HA calves. Left ventricular (LV) MBF of HA calves during chronic
      hypoxemia (1.05 +/- 0.11 ml X min-1 X g-1) was similar to that of normoxemic SL
      calves (1.11 +/- 0.06 ml X min-1 X g-1) but MBF in their hypertrophied RV (1.65
      +/- 0.21 ml X min-1 X g-1) exceeded that in normoxemic SL calves (0.47 +/- 0.06
      ml X min-1 X g-1). More interesting was the finding that RV and LV MBF of HA
      calves did not change between chronic hypoxemia and acute normoxemia. By
      contrast, acute hypoxemia of a similar degree caused a dramatic increase in RV as
      well as LV MBF of SL calves. Minimal LV coronary vascular resistance was similar
      in the two groups of calves. This meant that functional cross-sectional area of
      LV coronary vascular bed was not altered in response to sojourn at HA. Minimal RV
      coronary vascular resistance of HA calves was also not different from that of SL
      calves. This means that functional cross-sectional area of the RV coronary
      vascular bed in HA calves increased proportionately with the increase in their RV
      mass.

PMID- 4068689
TI  - Regulation of intestinal blood flow with increased intraluminal pressure.
AB  - To better characterize the mechanisms which regulate intestinal blood flow (IBF),
      we studied the effects of gradual and rapid increases in intraluminal pressure
      (LP) in anesthetized canines. Polarographic measurements of hydrogen washout
      allowed repeated assessment of IBF (ml/min X g) in control (CL) and distended
      (DL) autoperfused small intestinal loops. In group I (n = 7) graded increases in
      LP (mm Hg) were produced by saline inflation. In group II (n = 4), IBF was
      measured before and after intraarterial aminophylline (adenosine blockade); LP
      was then rapidly raised to 24 mm Hg. IBF was unchanged by time (CL 0.64 +/- 0.24)
      or gradual distension (DL 0.65 +/- 0.28 at mean maximal LP = 26). Aminophylline
      did not change IBF at LP = 0. Rapid distension after adenosine blockade was
      accompanied by immediate increases in IBF (0.96 +/- 0.41, P less than 0.05) and
      decreased resistance (50 +/- 25% control). IBF is maintained despite gradual
      increases in luminal pressure. Blockade of adenosine, an intestinal vasodilator,
      does not inhibit this response; hyperemia associated with rapid distension is not
      impaired. We conclude that autoregulation of IBF during distension is not
      accomplished by an adenosine mediated metabolic mechanism.

PMID- 4068690
TI  - A comparison of several hypertonic solutions for resuscitation of bled sheep.
AB  - Small volumes (4 ml/kg) of 2400 mOsm NaCl restore cardiac output and mean
      arterial pressure to 80% of baseline after hemorrhage (65% of blood volume) in
      unanesthetized sheep. An equal volume of normal saline is less effective. To
      identify an optimal hypertonic solution, we screened six 2400 mOsm solutions in
      18 randomized experiments in 8 sheep: NaCl, NaHCO3, NaCl/sodium acetate,
      NaCl/mannitol, NaCl/6% Dextran 70, and glucose. Cardiovascular function, as
      determined by cardiac output and mean arterial pressure, was restored best with
      NaCl, NaCl/NaAc, and NaCl/Dex. These three solutions were then evaluated using 18
      sheep in 36 experiments. Following a 1-hr baseline period, the sheep were bled to
      a mean arterial pressure of 50 mm Hg for 2 hr. One of the solutions was then
      given in a volume of 4 ml/kg over 2 min and the sheep were monitored for 3 hr.
      Within 3 min of the infusion, cardiac output increased to greater than 100% of
      baseline for all three solutions. The NaCl-Dex solution sustained a significantly
      higher cardiac output over the 3-hr observation period than the other solutions.
      Plasma volume increased for all solutions following infusion. NaCl-Dex maintained
      plasma volume significantly better than the other solutions. As a further
      control, an isotonic solution of 6% Dextran 70 in normal saline was studied. It
      was not as effective as the hypertonic NaCl-Dex in maintaining cardiac output,
      mean arterial pressure, or plasma volume. Osmolality increased 10% (309 to 326
      mOsm/kg H2O), plasma [NA] increased 7% (151 to 161 meq/liter), and plasma [K]
      decreased from 3.9 to 2.6 meq/liter following the hypertonic infusions. The sheep
      appeared to tolerate these electrolyte changes well. We conclude that a single
      bolus infusion of 2400 mOsm NaCl with 6% Dextran 70 best resuscitates sheep that
      have been subjected to a moderate degree of hemorrhagic shock compared to several
      other solutions. Its beneficial effects are caused in part by a sustained
      reestablishment of plasma volume. More studies are needed to document the safety
      of dextran in the clinical setting of hemorrhagic shock. Small volumes of
      hypertonic solutions may be valuable in the initial fluid resuscitation of
      patients in hemorrhagic shock.

PMID- 4068691
TI  - Terminal magnesium cardioplegia: protective effect in the isolated rat heart
      model using calcium accentuated ischemic damage.
AB  - We have developed a modified isolated working rat heart model to study the effect
      of potassium and magnesium cardioplegia given just prior to reperfusion,
      "terminal cardioplegia," on preservation of aortic flow following a standard
      ischemic insult. The model incorporates a short-term calcium challenge at the
      beginning of reperfusion to accentuate ischemic injury. All hearts were given
      initial potassium cardioplegia and subjected to 30 min of normothermic ischemia.
      Terminal cardioplegia was given for the 2 min prior to reperfusion. Calcium
      challenged hearts were reperfused initially with calcium-enriched reperfusate and
      then switched to standard reperfusate. Aortic flow prior to and 60 min after
      ischemia was used to determine functional protection. Hearts recovered 82 +/- 3%
      of preischemic aortic flow when reperfused with normocalcemic reperfusate. When
      the initial reperfusate was enriched with calcium, aortic flow was only 43 +/- 4%
      of control. Hearts given terminal magnesium cardioplegia and then challenged with
      calcium-enriched reperfusate recovered 79 +/- 4% of control aortic flow. Hearts
      given terminal potassium cardioplegia recovered only 53 +/- 5% of control aortic
      flow when challenged with calcium-enriched initial reperfusate. Our results
      indicate that the recovery of aortic flow is significantly reduced by short-term
      postischemic calcium challenge. This damage is blocked by terminal magnesium
      cardioplegia, but not by terminal potassium cardioplegia.

PMID- 4068692
TI  - Refeeding differentially affects tumor and host cell proliferation.
AB  - Tumor and host tissue DNA synthesis in C3H female mice with MA16/C tumors were
      examined for the effects of starvation and refeeding. Animals with subcutaneously
      implanted tumors were randomized to either regular diet or starvation for 48 hr
      followed by refeeding for 6, 12, 24, 48, or 72 hr. With starvation, both tumor
      and host tissues demonstrated a decrease in DNA synthetic activity. After
      refeeding, resumption in DNA tumor synthesis preceded that of host tissues and
      was greatest within the first 6-12 hr. Host tissue DNA synthetic activity resumed
      at different times in the various tissues examined with bone marrow being earlier
      than spleen or liver. The differential time course between induction of tumor and
      host DNA synthesis could allow a more precise modeling in studies dealing with
      the interaction of nutritional repletion and antitumor therapy.

PMID- 4068693
TI  - Nonarrhythmogenicity of therapeutic cryothermic lesions of the myocardium.
AB  - There is increasing interest in the application of surgical methods to the
      treatment of refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT). Cryothermic ablation
      is one of the more promising techniques. However, there is clinical concern that
      a cryothermic lesion may lead to later arrhythmias. Previous studies have shown
      that dogs with nonhomogeneous, transmural infarctions are susceptible to VT
      initiation using programmed electrical stimulation (PES). The purpose of this
      study was to compare the incidence of inducing VT in dogs with transepicardial
      cryothermic myocardial damage (Group A) versus dogs with nonhomogeneous
      transmural infarctions resulting from 2-hr occlusion of the left anterior
      descending coronary artery (LAD) and subsequent reperfusion (Group B). Twelve
      dogs in each group were studied 10-14 days later using PES with unipolar cathodal
      ventricular pacing and two ventricular extrastimuli. Initiation of VT was
      attempted from at least six normal intramyocardial sites in each dog along the
      distribution of the LAD and in close proximity (less than or equal to 1 cm) to
      areas of chronically cryoablated damaged tissue. All dogs survived the initial
      procedure. VT was not inducible in any dog in Group A. Histological as well as
      electrophysiological evaluation, including determination of regional excitability
      thresholds and refractory periods employing strength-interval curves, revealed
      that all of the Group A dogs had homogeneous transmural infarcts with variable
      subendocardial sparing. In conclusion (1) cryothermal injury produces homogeneous
      damage; and (2) the lesion produced is not arrhythmogenic at 7-14 days.

PMID- 4068694
TI  - Subconjunctival hemorrhage, periorbital ecchymoses, and facial petechiae
      following cardioversion.

PMID- 4068695
TI  - Posttraumatic acalculous cholecystitis.

PMID- 4068696
TI  - Meningeal tuberculosis.

PMID- 4068697
TI  - Chemical dependency: a concept of a primary disease with singular natural
      history.

PMID- 4068698
TI  - Tighten up your office protocol.

PMID- 4068699
TI  - Chlamydia in Tennessee health department clinics. A preliminary report.

PMID- 4068700
TI  - Dexamethasone suppresses estrogen action at the pituitary level without
      modulating estrogen receptor dynamics.
AB  - The administration of glucocorticoid combined with antiestrogen such as
      clomiphene has been shown to be effective for the induction of ovulation in
      patients with anovulation. The present study was undertaken to examine the
      effects of glucocorticoid on estrogen-induced changes in the pituitary gland. A
      single intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 10 micrograms estradiol-17 beta
      (E2) in ovariectomized and adrenalectomized rats resulted in a significant
      stimulation of pituitaries with regard to wet tissue weight and progesterone
      receptor content. An i.p. administration of 1 mg dexamethasone in these animals
      had no effects on both the values. However, the E2-induced increases in pituitary
      weight and progesterone receptor content were significantly inhibited by
      pretreatment with 1 mg of dexamethasone. The pretreatment with dexamethasone, on
      the other hand, had no significant effect on the dynamics of pituitary estrogen
      receptor induced by the injection of E2, i.e. the degree of nuclear
      translocation, occupancy and cytoplasmic receptor replenishment. The inhibitory
      effect of dexamethasone, therefore, does not seem to be mediated through estrogen
      receptor system in the pituitary. These results suggest that dexamethasone acts
      directly on the pituitary gland to suppress the action of E2, and which may be
      involved in the process of induction of ovulation by glucocorticoid-clomiphene
      treatment.

PMID- 4068701
TI  - The distribution, nuclear uptake and metabolism of [3H]dihydrotestosterone in the
      brain, pituitary gland and genital tract of the male rhesus monkey.
AB  - Three adult male rhesus monkeys were castrated and administered 2 mCi
      [3H]dihydrotestosterone ([3H]DHT) intravenously. Brain and peripheral organs were
      removed after 60 min and were examined either by thaw-mount autoradiography or by
      subcellular fractionation and high performance liquid chromatography. Neurons
      that accumulated radioactivity in their nuclei were distributed widely in many
      regions of the brain including the preoptic area, hypothalamus, septal area-bed
      nucleus, amygdala, thalamus, and brain stem. Several brain areas which were
      labeled after [3H]DHT injection had not been labeled in earlier experiments after
      [3H]testosterone ([3H]T) injection. The major metabolite of [3H]DHT in
      extranuclear fractions from brain was [3H]androstanediol, but [3H]DHT alone was
      detected in cell nuclei. There was no evidence of any [3H]estradiol in cell
      nuclei, confirming that DHT can also be regarded as a non-aromatizable androgen
      in the primate brain. Since the nuclear concentrations of androgens were 2-3
      times higher in the brain following [3H]DHT than they were in the earlier [3H]T
      experiments, the relative lack of effectiveness of DHT in restoring the sexual
      behavior of male castrates cannot be related to an inability of DHT to enter
      brain cell nuclei.

PMID- 4068702
TI  - A new exchange procedure for the quantitation of prostatic androgen receptor
      complexes formed in vivo.
AB  - A procedure is described for the measurement of rat prostatic androgen receptor
      saturated in vivo with non-radioactive androgen. While NaSCN alone induces
      irreversible dissociation (denaturation) of androgen from the receptor, the
      combination of this chaotropic salt (0.15 M) with sucrose (15%) and sodium
      molybdate (10 mM) allows the exchange of R DHT with [3H]DHT at 0 degrees C with
      only minimal receptor denaturation. The validity of the present exchange assay is
      based on the following: a similar quantity of androgen receptor was detected when
      binding was measured directly after in vivo treatment with radioactive androgen
      or indirectly by [3H]DHT exchange after treatment with non-radioactive androgen.
      Steroid specificity, sedimentation analysis and equilibrium association constants
      indicated that this exchange assay labels the androgen receptor without
      interference from other prostatic steroid binding proteins. With this method it
      is now possible to quantitate not only prostatic androgen receptors bound to
      androgens in vitro but also hormone-receptor complexes formed in intact animals
      under the influence of endogenous androgen.

PMID- 4068703
TI  - Production and metabolism of dihydrotestosterone in peripheral tissues.
AB  - The production and metabolism of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was studied in 10
      normal men using constant infusions of [7-3H]-delta 4 -androstenedione (A)/[4
      14C]DHT (6 men) or of [7-3H]testosterone (T)/[4-14C]DHT (4 men) with measurement
      of radioactivity as precursor and product in the brachial artery, and a
      superficial vein (draining primarily adipose tissue) and deep vein (draining
      primarily muscle) in the arm opposite to the infusion. The metabolic clearance
      rates (MCR) were (mean +/- SE) 560 +/- 55, 1620 +/- 80, and 790 +/- 65, 1/day for
      DHT, A and T respectively. The overall conversions (percent of A or T infused
      which was measured as DHT in arterial blood) were 2.3 +/- 0.8% and 2.7 +/- 0.5%
      for A to DHT and T to DHT. Of the DHT entering the adipose tissue 13.8 +/- 3.4%
      was metabolized and of that entering muscle 5.8 +/- 1.8% was metabolized. On the
      basis of assumed blood flows, adipose tissue and muscle metabolism each carry out
      approx. 7-8% of the overall metabolism of DHT. Of the A entering the forearm
      adipose tissue 1.9 +/- 0.5% was converted to DHT. Extrapolated to the body's
      adipose tissue, this represents 14% of the total A converted to DHT. Of the T
      entering the forearm adipose tissue 1.2 +/- 0.3% was converted to DHT.
      Extrapolated to the body's adipose tissue, this represents 6% of the total T
      converted to DHT. In three out of six subjects infused with A/DHT and in three
      out of four subjects infused with T/DHT small gradients indicating conversion of
      A and T to DHT by tissues drained by the deep vein were found. The mean value for
      the conversion of A to DHT across the deep vein tissues was 0.84 +/- 0.51% and
      for T to DHT was 0.28 +/- 0.12%. Both adipose tissue and muscle metabolize DHT
      but only adipose tissue appears to play a role in the conversion of A and T to
      DHT.

PMID- 4068704
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptors in murine visceral yolk sac and liver during
      development.
AB  - Specific binding of triamcinolone acetonide was analyzed in cytosols from
      developing mouse visceral yolk sac and fetal, neonatal and adult liver. In the
      visceral yolk sac, binding capacity increased from 1 X 10(3) sites/cell on day 10
      to maximal levels (9 X 10(3) sites/cell) on day 14 of gestation. In fetal liver,
      binding sites were low (2 X 10(3) sites/cell) from day 14 to 18, increased
      rapidly after birth to approx. 1.7 X 10(4) sites/cell by day 9 postpartum and
      were present at approx. 3 X 10(4) sites/cell in adult liver. Scatchard analysis
      of the data indicated the presence of a single class of cytosolic binding sites
      of limited capacity and high affinity (Kd = 2-4 nM). The level of specific
      nuclear binding 2h after injection of [3H]triamcinolone acetonide was
      proportional to the number of cytosolic binding sites/cell for each tissue
      tested. The physicochemical characteristics of cytosolic glucocorticoid-receptor
      complexes were examined by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column chromatography.
      "Unactivated" complexes from visceral yolk sac, fetal and adult liver eluted at
      approx. 0.4 M KCl. Heat "activated" complexes from fetal and adult liver eluted
      at approx. 0.25 M KCl, whereas those from visceral yolk sac eluted in the prewash
      fractions (0.02 M potassium phosphate buffer). These results provide evidence
      that quantitative but not qualitative changes in glucocorticoid receptors occur
      during liver development and also establish the presence of glucocorticoid
      receptors in the midgestation mouse visceral yolk sac.

PMID- 4068705
TI  - A liquid-phase immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for human sex hormone binding
      globulin (SHBG).
AB  - An immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) has
      been developed in which an 125I-labeled monoclonal antibody [( 125I]S1B5) and a
      rabbit anti-SHBG antiserum (RAb) are incubated in "liquid-phase" with standards
      or samples, and RAb-bound complexes are separated using donkey anti-rabbit IgG
      antibody-coated cellulose. This immunoassay technique is characterized by several
      advantages; the [125I]S1B5 imparts additional specificity and obviates the
      requirement for pure SHBG; the use of excess reagents reduces incubation times
      and also improves assay performance and sensitivity, and incubation in "liquid
      phase" conserves and increases the efficiency of the RAb. The assay measures only
      non-denatured SHBG and is not influenced by the presence of steroid at the
      binding site. Assay specificity was demonstrated by parallelism between dilutions
      of pure SHBG and different serum samples. The quantitative recovery of SHBG added
      to serum, and the agreement between specific activities of SHBG in pure standards
      and sera, confirm the accuracy of the method. The within and between assay
      coefficients of variation were less than 7% and less than 11%, respectively,
      between 12 and 450 nmol/l. The assay sensitivity may be manipulated by altering
      the concentration of RAb and/or by preincubation with either [125I]S1B5 or RAb,
      and 0.2 fmol SHBG may be measured on a standard curve. The SHBG assay has been
      used to measure SHBG concentrations in sera, amniotic fluid, cerebral spinal
      fluid, seminal plasma and saliva.

PMID- 4068706
TI  - The unusual estrogen-binding protein (UEBP) of rat liver: the role of sex
      steroids and hypophysis in its regulation.
AB  - The number of estradiol (E2) binding sites of rat liver unusual estrogen-binding
      protein (NUEBP) was measured, using a novel modification of the quantitative
      method of specific UEBP determination. In liver cytosol of mature male and female
      rats, NUEBP amounted to 6.83 +/- 0.49 and less than 0.05 pmol/mg protein,
      respectively. Neonatal administration of testosterone-propionate (TP) and TP
      injections at later periods of ontogenesis increased NUEBP in female rat liver in
      a similar fashion. The elevated NUEBP was found in the liver of mature
      ovariectomized females 30 days after cessation of TP injections. Hypophysectomy
      (but not adrenalectomy or thyroidectomy) prevented TP induction of elevated NUEBP
      in pubertal females. E2 injections reversibly decreased NUEBP in the liver of all
      animals under study except of hypophysectomized males. A stimulating regulatory
      effect of TP on NUEBP in male rat liver was observed only in the case of
      endogenous androgen deficiency and low NUEBP. TP prevented the E2-dependent
      decrease of NUEBP upon their simultaneous injections and increased the E2-reduced
      NUEBP when injected after E2. Hypophysectomy led to a decrease of NUEBP in
      pubertal males but only slightly affected that in castrated animals. After TP
      injections to hypophysectomized males, NUEBP returned to a level next to the
      initial one. It was concluded that estrogen-androgen regulation of the UEBP level
      led to the maintenance of sex differences in the UEBP content.

PMID- 4068707
TI  - Analysis of profiles of unconjugated steroids in rat testicular tissue by gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method for analysis of
      unconjugated steroids in a rat testis is described. A combined solvent-solid
      extraction procedure, utilizing Lipidex 1000 and Sep-Pak C18, gives a 25-fold
      purified extract. Steroids in this extract are fractionated by straight phase
      high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a LiChrosorb DIOL column in n
      hexane-2-propanol, 92:8 (v/v). Four fractions are collected and the steroids are
      converted to tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), 3-enol-TBDMS, and mixed TBDMS
      trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives using TBDMS- and TMS-imidazole with sodium
      formate as catalyst under conditions suitable for the steroids present in the
      respective fractions. The derivatives are purified by reversed phase HPLC in 100%
      methanol and are analyzed by GC-MS, using selected ion monitoring of the major
      ions of high mass. For quantification, a mixture of known amounts of ten 14C
      labelled steroids, [3H]estradiol and [2H3]estradiol are added to the testis
      homogenate. The mean concentrations (ng/g wet wt) of the twelve steroids
      determined were: 4-androstene-3, 17-dione, 4.0; testosterone, 127; 17 beta
      hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-3-one, 4.5; 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol,
      5.7; 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol, 1.5; progesterone, 5.5; 17 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone, 14.4; 3 beta-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one, 0.07; 5-androstene
      3 beta, 17 beta-diol, 0.25; 3 beta-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one, 10.3; 3 beta, 17
      beta-dihydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one, 0.95; and estradiol, 0.025. Variations between
      animals were large whereas testes from the same animal in most cases had similar
      steroid concentrations.

PMID- 4068708
TI  - Mitochondrial steroid metabolism in the inner and outer zones of the guinea-pig
      adrenal cortex.
AB  - Previous investigations have demonstrated that cells isolated from the outer zone
      (zona fasciculata + zona glomerulosa) of the guinea-pig adrenal cortex produce
      far more cortisol than those from the inner zone (zona reticularis). Studies were
      carried out to compare mitochondrial steroid metabolism in the two zones. Protein
      and cytochrome P-450 concentrations were similar in outer and inner zone
      mitochondria. However, the rate of 11 beta-hydroxylation was significantly
      greater in the outer zone despite the fact that substrates for 11 beta
      hydroxylation (11-deoxycortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone) produced larger type I
      spectral changes in inner zone mitochondria. The apparent affinities of 11
      deoxycortisol and 11-deoxycorticosterone for mitochondrial cytochrome(s) P-450
      were similar in the two zones. In both inner and outer zone mitochondria, 11 beta
      hydroxylation was inhibited by metyrapone but unaffected by aminoglutethimide.
      Cholesterol sidechain cleavage activity, measured as the rate of conversion of
      endogenous cholesterol to pregnenolone, was far greater in outer than inner zone
      mitochondria. Addition of exogenous cholesterol or 25-hydroxycholesterol to the
      mitochondrial preparations did not affect pregnenolone production in either zone.
      Addition of pregnenolone to outer zone mitochondria produced a reverse type I
      spectral change (delta A 420-390 nm), suggesting displacement of endogenous
      cholesterol from cytochrome P-450. In inner zone mitochondria, pregnenolone
      induced a difference spectrum (delta A 425-410 nm) similar to the reduced vs
      oxidized cytochrome b5 spectrum. A b5-like cytochrome was found to be present in
      the mitochondrial preparations. Prior reduction of the cytochrome with NADH
      eliminated the pregnenolone-induced spectral change in inner zone mitochondria
      but had no effect in outer zone preparations. The results suggest that
      differences in mitochondrial steroid metabolism between the inner and outer
      adrenocortical zones account in part for the differences in cortisol production
      by cells in each zone.

PMID- 4068709
TI  - Effect of culture medium composition on pheromone receptor levels in Achlya
      ambisexualis.
AB  - Sexual reproduction in the eukaryotic fungi Achlya is controlled by two steroid
      pheromones. Antheridiol is the steroid released by female cells that induces male
      sexual differentiation. The antheridiol-induced response of male cells has been
      shown to be influenced by the composition of the culture medium. The present
      study was designed to determine if the composition of the culture media might
      also affect the levels of antheridiol binding protein in the cytosol of male
      cells. The mycelial content of cytosolic steroid pheromone binding sites in
      Achlya ambisexualis E87 males was measured at daily intervals during 6 days of
      suspension culture in media containing different nitrogen sources. Levels of
      binding sits increased during the first 2 days in culture to a plateau that was
      maintained for the next 2-3 days. During the first 3 days in culture, levels were
      much lower in mycelia cultured in an enriched medium containing lactalbumin
      hydrolysate compared to mycelia cultured in defined media containing glutamic
      acid as the nitrogen source. The level of binding sites increased rapidly when
      mycelia were transferred from an enriched medium to a nutrient-free salt solution
      and decreased when mycelia were transferred from a defined to an enriched medium.
      The relative differences in cytosolic binding measured by in vitro radioligand
      saturation analysis were confirmed by in vivo uptake studies. It is concluded
      that the mycelial content of antheridiol binding sites can be experimentally
      manipulated by variations in the composition of the culture medium and/or the
      time period of incubation in the medium.

PMID- 4068710
TI  - Studies of the human testis. XX--Effect of NADH on 17 alpha-hydroxypregnene C17
      20 lyase activity.
AB  - A study of the cofactor requirements of C17-20 lyase was carried out using human
      testis tissue obtained at the time of orchiectomy for treatment of prostatic
      carcinoma. Washed microsomal fractions were prepared from frozen human testes
      using a KCl containing buffer. The preparation revealed dose-dependent activity
      of C17-20 lyase in the presence of either NADPH or commercial or purified NADH.
      The Km of NADH for the enzyme was of the order of 10(-3) M and the Km of NADPH
      was determined as 1.6 X 10(-5) M. NADH also provided synergistic enhancement of
      NADPH-mediated lyase activity, and decreased the Km of NADPH for the lyase but
      did not change the Vmax of NADPH-mediated lyase activity. Carbon monoxide
      inhibited both NADH and NADPH-mediated lyase activities indicating that both
      activities are catalyzed by cytochrome P-450. Cations including Ca2+, Mg2+ and
      Mn2+ were found to inhibit the NADPH-mediated lyase activity but enhanced the
      lyase activity in the presence of NADH. The results indicate both the presence of
      NADH-mediated C17-20 lyase activity and the synergistic effect of NADH on NADPH
      mediated lyase activity in the human testis.

PMID- 4068711
TI  - The synthesis of reduced metabolites of aldosterone by subcellular fractions of
      rat kidney: effects of antimineralocorticoids.
AB  - Subcellular fractionation of male rat kidney revealed that the nuclear and plasma
      membrane fractions isolated from the 1,000 g pellet retained a significant
      proportion of the aldosterone ring-A reducing activity. Improved HPLC solvent
      systems separated all six possible ring-A reduced metabolites of aldosterone and
      revealed that 80-90% of the reduced metabolites synthesized by purified nuclei
      and plasma membranes were 5 alpha-reduced compounds consisting of 5 alpha-DHA and
      3 alpha,5 alpha-THA in ratios of 1:2 (nuclei) and 1:1 (membranes). The 105,000 g
      cytosol also synthesized significant quantities of reduced, hydroxylated, and
      conjugated metabolites of aldosterone. In contrast, the majority of the reduced
      metabolites of aldosterone synthesized by kidney cytosol were 5 beta-products,
      consisting principally of 5 beta-DHA and smaller quantities of 3 alpha,5 beta-THA
      and 3 beta,5 beta-THA. The synthesis of reduced aldosterone metabolites in the
      cytosol, nuclear, and plasma membrane fraction was inhibited by both 5 and 50
      microM concentrations of the antimineralocorticoids, progesterone, K+-canrenoate,
      and corticosterone. Progesterone was the strongest inhibitor of the synthesis of
      5 alpha-DHA and 3 alpha,5 alpha-THA in both nuclei and plasma membranes. The
      overall order of inhibition of the synthesis of ring-A reduced metabolites in the
      kidney subcellular fractions was progesterone greater than K+-canrenoate greater
      than corticosterone; both progesterone and K+-canrenoate inhibited 5 alpha
      reduction more than 5 beta-reduction.

PMID- 4068712
TI  - A highly lipophilic form of aldosterone. Isolation and characterization of an
      aldosterone dimer.
AB  - A highly lipophilic form of aldosterone obtained both from incubations of 18
      hydroxycorticosterone with quartered rat adrenals and by treatment of aldosterone
      with acid, was identified as an aldosterone dimer based on its 1H, 13C NMR and
      mass spectra.

PMID- 4068713
TI  - Extraction of a steroid transport system from Pseudomonas testosteroni membranes
      and incorporation into synthetic liposomes.
AB  - A steroid binding protein has been extracted from Pseudomonas testosteroni
      membranes with an organic solvent system. This protection binds some C19 and C21
      steroids but not C18 steroids. When this protein is incorporated into synthetic
      lipid vesicles constructed from P. testosteroni phospholipids, the vesicles
      perform concentrative uptake of testosterone in the presence of the ionophore
      valinomycin. This steroid binding protein is thus believed to be the steroid
      permease of this organism.

PMID- 4068714
TI  - The effect of molybdate on glucocorticoid receptor transformation and
      translocation in intact, viable AtT-20 mouse pituitary tumor cells.
AB  - The effect of 20 mM molybdate on the transformation and translocation of
      glucocorticoid receptors in intact AtT-20 mouse pituitary tumor cells was
      investigated. To test whether transformation of the receptor was inhibited during
      in vivo incubations with both molybdate and glucocorticoid, the DEAE cellulose
      elution profile of extracted receptor was determined. It was found that receptors
      from both high speed cytosols and nuclear extracts were transformed. To test
      whether translocation was affected by molybdate, the fraction of glucocorticoid
      receptor complexes found in the nucleus was determined. At 37 degrees C, in the
      absence of molybdate, 55-60% of the glucocorticoid receptor complexes were in the
      nuclear compartment. Molybdate did not effect the magnitude of nuclear
      translocation. Control studies suggested that the agent entered the cells,
      however. Cold exposure (0 degrees C) reduced nuclear translocation to 20-25%. It
      is concluded that in vivo, either molybdate is not able to interact with the
      receptor or transformation in vivo is not mediated by the same molybdate
      sensitive mechanisms currently being studied using broken cell-preparations.

PMID- 4068715
TI  - Drinking and driving behaviors of 16 to 19 year-olds.
AB  - A total of 192 high-school-age drivers (67 girls) were interviewed with respect
      to their drinking and driving behavior and academic performance. Although traffic
      violations and citations were correlated with increases in risky driving behavior
      and alcohol and drug use, much dangerous driving and social drinking went without
      consequence. It is suggested that the young male driver is at significantly
      greater risk for involvement in dangerous driving and drinking. Contributing
      developmental, situational and personality factors are discussed.

PMID- 4068716
TI  - Intoxicated and bad drivers: subgroups within the same population of high-risk
      men drivers.
AB  - Three groups of men drivers in the state of Washington were compared: those who
      had been arrested for driving while intoxicated (DWI group, N = 172), those who
      had received multiple nonalcohol-related violations or who had been involved in
      traffic accidents (high-risk drivers, or HRD group, N = 193) and a representative
      random sample of the general driving population of men in the state (GDP group, N
      = 154). Subjects completed a questionnaire assessing demographic, drinking,
      driving attitude, personality and hostility measures. The HRD and DWI groups were
      generally more deviant than the GDP subjects. The latter individuals were
      demographically more stable, had lower levels of drinking behavior and were more
      emotionally stable, with lower levels of depression, sensation seeking, external
      perception of control, and both overt and covert hostility. The GDP group also
      had lower levels of driving-related hostility. The HRD and DWI groups did not
      suffer significantly from each other on any of the measures of personality
      function or hostility. These two groups did differ on aspects of drinking
      behavior, driving-related attitudes and demographic characteristics. The noted
      similarities between the DWI and HRD groups are consistent with the contention
      that these two groups may represent subtypes within a larger population of high
      risk drivers.

PMID- 4068717
TI  - Relationship between treatment outcome and subtype of alcoholism in men.
AB  - The subdivision of alcoholism into type I and type II, as suggested by Cloninger
      et al., was applied to two groups of men alcoholics: 30 in treatment for
      alcoholism ("active" alcoholics) and 39 ex-alcoholics. Despite the fact that the
      duration of alcohol misuse did not differ between the groups, there were
      significantly more type II alcoholics among the ex-alcoholics and more type I
      alcoholics among the active alcoholics. The results seem to indicate a better
      prognosis in type II alcoholism. The type I and type II alcoholics differed also,
      as in previous studies, in their frequencies of drug misuse and criminality.

PMID- 4068718
TI  - Problem behavior theory and consumption and consequences of alcohol use.
AB  - Self-report measures of heavy consumption and adverse consequences of alcohol use
      have been used as interchangeable or equivalent indicators of problem drinking
      although the literature shows them to be relatively independent, with generally
      about 15% variance in common. The purposes of the present study are to provide
      further evidence of the independence of self-reported consumption and problems,
      and to explore nonalcohol-related correlates. Data from 370 employed adults
      showed modest intercorrelations and a factor structure representing alcohol
      consumption levels (quantity-frequency, frequency of intoxication) and alcohol
      related problems (self-other definition as a problem drinker, adverse
      consequences). Partial correlational analyses showed that, when controlling for
      the effects of consumption, alcohol-related problems were related to the use of
      other psychoactive drugs and to a set of attributes of the person and the social
      environment as distinct dimensions. Modification of Jessor's problem behavior
      theory is proposed to generate psychosocial explanation for the differential
      vulnerability to alcohol-related problems.

PMID- 4068719
TI  - Age of onset versus duration of problem drinking on the Alcohol Use Inventory.
AB  - The importance of two factors--the age at which a consistent pattern of heavy
      alcohol use was established and the duration of problem drinking--was compared in
      70 alcoholic outpatients (21 women) using the Alcohol Use Inventory (AUI).
      Alcoholics who began heavy drinking at age 20 or below reported significantly
      greater social role maladaptation, more loss of behavioral control when drinking,
      greater severity of alcoholism, more severe alcoholic deterioration, and more
      frequent psychoperceptual withdrawal symptoms (delirium tremens) than later-onset
      alcoholics. Age of onset was consistently a better correlate of these alcoholic
      patterns than the duration of heavy drinking. Despite the 9.7-year mean
      difference between the groups with short- and long-term durations of heavy
      drinking, no significant differences on their AUI scores were found. These data
      suggest that the hypothesis that steady, excessive alcohol consumption at a young
      age may have more deleterious effects on the future social, interpersonal,
      cognitive and physical functioning of an alcoholic than the duration of excessive
      alcohol intake deserves further investigation.

PMID- 4068720
TI  - Alcohol use among migrant laborers in western New York.
AB  - A survey of alcohol use among 217 Black and Haitian migrant agricultural workers
      was conducted in 13 camps in three counties of upstate New York. The orienting
      hypothesis stated that older, unattached men account for much of the drinking on
      migrant camps and that older, unattached men have experienced a variety of
      personal troubles as a result of their drinking. The results of the survey were
      found to support the initial hypothesis. In camps composed primarily of family
      groups, social control mechanisms were found to be more highly developed than in
      camps composed primarily of unattached, isolated men. It was also found that this
      difference in degree of social control was reflected in differences of drinking
      behavior. It is suggested that the mechanization of agriculture has become a self
      reinforcing process that results in a proportional increase in the use of the
      homeless and troubled as a source of low-cost agricultural labor.

PMID- 4068721
TI  - Discriminative control of alcoholics' drinking by the drinking situation.
AB  - Implicit in what has come to be called the loss of control concept is the notion
      that the environment, or the context within which drinking occurs, exerts little
      influence on the quantity of alcohol consumed by an alcoholic. In contrast,
      recent formulations of the alcohol dependence syndrome have argued that
      dependence arises from an interaction among personality, pharmacological and
      contextual variables. The present study investigated the relationship between
      contextual factors and alcohol consumption in 231 men and 90 women alcoholics.
      Self-report questionnaire data were obtained describing social pressures to drink
      more or less than usual, and the usual quantity of drinking in a variety of
      situations (e.g., at home alone, in bars or in family settings). The findings
      indicate clear differences in the quantities that alcoholics drink when alone,
      with friends or with family. Even the dependent drinker is apparently able to
      discriminate the relative quantity of drinking that will be socially sanctioned
      in a given situation and modify consumption accordingly. In situations in which
      constraints are absent or minimal (e.g., alone), drinking tends to be greater
      than in situations in which social controls are more pronounced (e.g., with
      friends and family).

PMID- 4068722
TI  - Craftsman versus professional: analysis of the controlled drinking controversy.
AB  - With the publication of the Pendery et al. follow-up of the Sobells' experimental
      studies of controlled drinking, serious questions about the relationship of
      paraprofessionals (i.e., craftsmen) and professionals in the improvement of
      alcoholism treatment have been raised. The present analysis reexamines the
      original published data of the controlled drinking studies in light of the
      Pendery et al. follow-up and draws the conclusion that readers can find support
      for both the success and failure of the controlled drinking by examining only the
      Sobells' data. On this basis, a more phenomenological view of alcoholism and
      alcoholism treatment is suggested as a way out of the schism between the
      craftsman and the professional, both of whom operate from within a linear, cause
      effect mode of thinking.

PMID- 4068723
TI  - Occupational prestige and mortality in black and white alcoholics.
AB  - Mortality was studied in 1289 Black and White alcoholics. The overall proportion
      of mortality over 5-9 years was 22.0%. No overall differences were found between
      Black and White mortality rates by crude death proportions or standardized
      mortality ratios. Blacks were significantly younger at death than were Whites and
      were also significantly younger than Whites at admission to treatment.
      Occupational prestige was examined in the 374 Whites and 270 Blacks for whom an
      occupation was known, prestige being divided into high, medium and low
      categories. Blacks suffered significantly higher mortality in the high prestige
      group and Whites suffered significantly higher mortality in the middle prestige
      group. Alcoholics in the high prestige group suffered slightly greater mortality
      than alcoholics in the middle and lower groups. The results seem to indicate that
      although occupational prestige is an important variable in mortality among
      alcoholics, other variables that were not controlled in these analyses may also
      be important.

PMID- 4068724
TI  - Comment on the validity of Watson et al.'s "Do alcoholics give valid self
      reports?".
AB  - This is a critique of a study by Watson et al. on the validity of alcoholics'
      self-reports that suggested that clinical researchers and clinicians abandon the
      use of such data for now. It is shown, however, through an analysis of the
      rationale, procedures and data analyses reported by Watson et al., that their
      conclusions are not warranted. It is argued that the use of a situational and
      convergent validity approach to the collection and interpretation of self-report
      data is likely to continue to be a productive research and clinical strategy.

PMID- 4068725
TI  - [Absence of diuretic response in negative pressure respiration in the dog with
      diabetes insipidus].
AB  - In chloralozed dogs with chronic diabetes insipidus induced by hypothalamic
      lesion, one period of 30 minutes of negative pressure breathing (-10 to -15
      cmH5O) did not provoke the usual diuretic reflexe as in normal dogs. This result
      gives an other argument for the intervention of antidiuretic neuro-hypophyseal
      hormone in diuretic reflexes provoked by increase of central intrathoracic blood
      volume.

PMID- 4068726
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of a new antiarrhythmic agent: cibenzoline.
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of an intravenous dose of 1 mg/kg of Cibenzoline, a new
      anti-arrhythmic agent with properties of classes I, III and IV of the Vaughan
      Williams classification, were studied in 9 patients during routine cardiac
      catheterization. Six patients had valvular heart disease (aortic insufficiency in
      5 and mitral stenosis in 1), one patient had ischemic heart disease, one patient
      had alcoholic cardiomyopathy and the remaining patient had coarctation of the
      thoracic aorta. Left ventricular pressure and right sided intracardiac pressures
      were recorded using a high fidelity transduced and a Swan-Ganz catheter
      respectively. The first derivative of the left ventricular pressure was obtained
      electronically and Vmax calculated by linear extrapolation to zero load of the
      contractile element shortening velocity--left ventricular pressure relationship.
      Plasma levels of Cibenzoline were measured by gas liquid chromatography. All
      these parameters were obtained under baseline conditions and then 5, 10, 20, 40
      and 60 minutes after intravenous administration of Cibenzoline. Cardiac index
      fell by 20% 5 minutes after the injection of Cibenzoline, and returned to control
      after one hour only. This fall was primarily related to a decrease in stroke
      index, since heart rate remained virtually unchanged. Right and left ventricular
      filling pressures increased significantly from the 5th to the 40th minute. Aortic
      systolic pressure fell by approximately 6%, without any change in mean and
      diastolic aortic pressures. Peripheral and pulmonary resistances increased at 20
      minutes by 33% and 45%, respectively. Left ventricular peak positive dP/dt and
      Vmax decreased significantly at 5 minutes and remained below the baseline value
      until 60 minutes by 9% and 11% respectively. Percent changes in cardiac index,
      dP/dt and Vmax were significantly correlated to cibenzoline plasma levels (r =
      0.85, 0.79, 0.74 respectively; n = 45). Thus, doses achieving plasma levels
      within the reported therapeutic range (250-350 ng/ml) would be expected to result
      in a 8-12% decrease in cardiac output associated with 12-17% and 15-21% reduction
      of left ventricular dP/dt and Vmax respectively. These data indicate that
      cibenzoline exerts significant negative inotropic effects. Its use in the subset
      of patients with severely depressed ventricular function warrants caution.

PMID- 4068727
TI  - A model of the electric field of the brain at EEG and microwave frequencies.
AB  - A simple calculation of the current dipole moment of the extracellular electric
      field of the cortex is proposed; it is based on the dipole layer model. The model
      is extended to the range of microwave frequencies. Arguments in favor of emission
      of microwave radiation by the dendritic membranes of pyramidal neurons are
      presented and the strength of the radiative electric field at a distance from the
      head is calculated and discussed.

PMID- 4068728
TI  - Biochemical and genetic properties of oligomeric structures: a general approach.
AB  - The oligomers constituted by association of different subunits can exist under
      multiple forms. In the case of the genetically variable proteins, such a
      multiplicity leads to numerous questions (i) on the enumerations: what is the
      number of active forms when a given subunit can make the oligomer inactive, or
      when the subunits are encoded by s alleles; (ii) on the subunit effects on
      biochemical properties: how to estimate these effects, are they equal, are there
      interactions between subunits, etc. Theoretical methods for the study of such
      oligomeric structures are developed, which mainly rely on linear model
      techniques. Peculiar properties examined are Vmax and Km, but also the quantities
      of the various oligomers, which depend on their association law. This approach is
      extended to the oligomers composed of different sets of subunits, as are for
      example some enzymes. These aspects are discussed from numerous bibliographic
      examples, with special reference to molecular interactions (protein
      complementation or molecular heterosis). Otherwise the genetic application of
      this theoretical approach is presented: it is possible to consider a genotype as
      an oligomer of alleles, and thus to study their effects and their interactions,
      in the one-locus case as well as in the several-loci case. The relevance of this
      generalization is discussed in connection with two other concepts, the "sequence
      space" used in molecular evolution and the regression of the genotypic values on
      the number of alleles used in quantitative genetics.

PMID- 4068729
TI  - Analyzing the joint effects of two antibodies and the design of molecularly
      engineered vaccines.
AB  - A new analytical approach to determine how antibodies relate to each other in
      producing immunity is presented. One purpose of this analysis is to decide on the
      antigenic composition of vaccines. Regression analyses and single discrete
      analyses are shown to be inappropriate to this task. The proposed analyses makes
      multiple cut points on two pre-exposure antibody levels. At each resulting
      discrete classification, additive and multiplicative interaction parameters are
      calculated. Various models of joint antibody action are shown to produce two
      general patterns of interaction terms with this type of analysis. One pattern
      characterizes situations where each antibody, or something substituting for the
      action of each antibody, is always needed to eliminate all infections. This may
      be because the antigens to which the antibodies are directed are on separate
      microbes or because microbes can only be neutralized by the joint action of both
      antibodies. A second pattern characterizes situations where both antibodies act
      cooperatively but given high enough levels only one may be needed. This may be
      because the antibodies have the same molecular effect or because they act by
      separate means against the same organisms in an innoculum.

PMID- 4068730
TI  - Intraoperative color flow mapping by real-time two-dimensional Doppler
      echocardiography for evaluation of valvular and congenital heart disease and
      vascular disease.
AB  - We have developed real-time two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography, which can
      display color flow mapping on a two-dimensional echocardiogram. Intraoperative
      two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography was performed during cardiovascular
      operations before and after the definitive procedure in 33 patients, 14 with
      valvular disease, eight with congenital heart disease, and 11 with vascular
      disease. Its clinical usefulness was evaluated. In patients with valvular heart
      disease, 13 valve replacements, 10 valvuloplasties, and four untouched lesions
      were assessed. No paravalvular leakage and three instances of minimal
      physiological transvalvular leakage from St. Jude Medical valves in the mitral
      position were noticed. Regurgitation after valvuloplasty was graded by extent of
      the regurgitant flow. This grading, comparable to postoperative grading,
      indicated no need for an additional procedure. In congenital heart disease,
      preoperative diagnoses were confirmed. The effect of the corrective operation was
      evaluated and no significant leakage or stenosis was found. Interatrial shunt
      flow was shown to increase after operative balloon atrial septostomy in a patient
      with dextro-transposition of the great arteries. In 11 patients with dissecting
      aortic aneurysm, the aneurysm was totally visualized in the operative field,
      including the structure and flow dynamics. In two patients, the preoperative
      cineangiographic diagnosis regarding involvement of dissection was corrected.
      After the vascular procedure, sufficient flow in the major aortic branches was
      confirmed in all patients and minimal leakage at the suture line was noticed in
      four patients. In conclusion, intraoperative color flow mapping by two
      dimensional Doppler echocardiography has enabled the precise diagnosis and the
      necessary operation to be determined before cardiopulmonary bypass. It has also
      allowed the effects of the operation to be assessed before chest closure.

PMID- 4068731
TI  - Treatment of bronchopleural fistula after pneumonectomy.
AB  - Breakdown of the closure of the main-stem bronchus after pneumonectomy is a
      dreaded complication, and empyema and bronchopleural fistula frequently develop
      in patients who survive. Management of these fistulas remains a formidable
      therapeutic challenge, which has been approached with a variety of surgical
      techniques. We report our experience with anterior transpericardial closure,
      emphasizing the ability to expose either main-stem bronchus by this approach. The
      case histories of three patients who had bronchopleural fistula after
      pneumonectomy are presented. The first patient had left pneumonectomy for
      complicated tuberculosis; the second had right pneumonectomy for neoplasm; and
      the third had right pneumonectomy for trauma. All fistulas were treated
      surgically via a median sternotomy and transpericardial approach to the distal
      trachea. The posterior pericardium was divided between the superior vena cava and
      aorta. In-continuity staple closure (with two lines of staples) of the proximal
      main-stem bronchus was employed in all cases. Two patients remain clinically well
      21 and 17 months after the operation. The third patients did well initially but
      developed a recurrent bronchopleural fistula 2 1/2 months after the operation and
      has required repeat closure with pedicled muscle flaps. In postpneumonectomy
      bronchopleural fistula, the anterior, transpericardial approach to bronchial
      closure has several advantages: the relatively well-tolerated median sternotomy,
      the avoidance of dealing directly with areas of postoperative scarring and the
      devascularized bronchial stump, the avoidance of areas of chronic sepsis, and the
      avoidance of thoracoplastic surgical deformity of the chest wall, with possible
      associated compromise in pulmonary function. Our experience also indicates that
      either main-stem bronchus is accessible through an approach between the superior
      vena cava and aorta, without division of either pulmonary artery.

PMID- 4068732
TI  - The effects of coronary revascularization on left ventricular function in
      ischemic heart disease.
AB  - Although it is well established that coronary revascularization can reverse
      exercise-induced ischemic dysfunction, the effects on resting ventricular
      performance are controversial. From a group of 183 patients receiving surgical
      therapy for ischemic heart disease, 166 underwent bypass graft arteriography at
      an average of 7 to 14 days postoperatively. In 149 patients, satisfactory
      preoperative and postoperative biplane left ventriculograms were obtained.
      Regional wall motion was assessed by the 100 segment method of Sheehan and Dodge,
      and a perioperative change in shortening greater than 2 standard deviations of
      normal variability over 20 or more adjacent segments was considered significant.
      Ninety-five patients had stable or progressive angina, 88 had medically
      refractory unstable angina, 155 were in New York Heart Association Class IV, and
      37 had a preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 0.4.
      Myocardial integrity was preserved with crystalloid cardioplegia and topical
      hypothermia. Seven hundred ninety-eight bypass grafts were performed (522 vein
      grafts and 276 mammary artery grafts), and 13 patients had concomitant left
      ventricular aneurysmectomy. Hospital mortality was 2.2%. The overall early graft
      patency rate was 95.9% (93.7% for vein grafts and 100% for mammary arteries).
      Only one patient had a decrement in regional wall motion, and 51 (37%) had
      significant postoperative improvement (27 in the unstable angina group and 24 in
      the stable angina group); in the patients with improved regional wall motion,
      ejection fraction increased by an average of 0.18 (p less than 0.01). Ejection
      fraction also improved after aneurysmectomy, and the increment seemed to result
      from both a reduction in end-diastolic volume and improved regional wall motion.
      Thus, reversible ischemic myocardial dysfunction appears to be common in the
      general population of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting; 40% of
      patients with unstable angina and 34% of those with stable angina can be expected
      to have improved regional wall motion after successful revascularization.
      Finally, ventricular aneurysm resection significantly enhances left ventricular
      performance as assessed by ventriculographic ejection fraction.

PMID- 4068733
TI  - Surgical management of broncholithiasis.
AB  - Fifty-two patients (31 men and 21 women) were treated for complications of
      broncholithiasis between 1969 and 1984. Mean age was 50.8 years (range 26 to 74
      years). Indications for operation included symptoms in 49 patients and an
      abnormal chest x-ray film in three. Broncholithectomy was initially attempted by
      thoracotomy in 40 patients and by bronchoscopy in 12. In the thoracotomy group
      broncholithectomy was successful in all patients, 32 of whom underwent pulmonary
      resection. Significant postoperative complications occurred in five patients
      (12.8%). There was one postoperative death (2.5%). In the bronchoscopy group
      broncholithectomy was successful in eight patients (67%); significant
      complications occurred in two and there were no early deaths. Subsequent
      thoracotomy was done in three of the four patients in whom bronchoscopic removal
      was unsuccessful. Follow-up averaged 76.5 months (range 6 to 183 months). The 15
      year survival rate (Kaplan-Meier) for all patients was 75.1% and did not differ
      from a control group of patients. No patient in the thoracotomy group had
      recurrent complications of broncholithiasis. In contrast, complications recurred
      in three of the eight patients (37.5%) successfully treated by bronchoscopy. We
      conclude that broncholithectomy via thoracotomy is the preferred treatment, as
      the risks are low and the long-term results are excellent.

PMID- 4068734
TI  - Modern management of adult thoracic empyema.
AB  - Seventy adult patients with thoracic empyema were treated at the University of
      Michigan Medical Center between 1978 and 1982. Twenty-two (31%) of the empyemas
      were associated with pneumonia, 23 (33%) occurred as postoperative complications,
      and seven (10%) were iatrogenic. When used as the initial mode of drainage,
      repeat thoracentesis was successful in only four of 11 cases (36%). Similarly,
      closed tube thoracostomy, as initial treatment, was successful in only 14 of 40
      cases (35%). Rib resection, however, provided cure or control in 10 of 11
      patients (91%) when employed as the first treatment method. Eight of 12 patients
      (67%) with parapneumonic empyemas were treated successfully with closed tube
      thoracostomy, in contrast to only two of 17 patients (12%) with postoperative
      empyemas so treated. Eventual control or cure of empyema was achieved in 57
      patients (81%), whereas 13 (19%) died (five from their empyema and eight with
      empyema as an active problem at the time of death). All of the five empyema
      caused deaths occurred in patients who underwent chest tube drainage as the most
      invasive treatment modality. The mortality rate for immunosuppressed patients was
      40% (four of 10 patients). This analysis of a large recent series of adult
      empyemas suggests that chest tube drainage is often inadequate and more
      aggressive management is likely to result in fewer treatment failures and fewer
      total procedures. Early rib resection, especially for postoperative empyemas and
      those in immunocompromised patients, is recommended.

PMID- 4068735
TI  - Ninety consecutive corrective operations for tetralogy of Fallot with or without
      minimal right ventriculotomy.
AB  - Eighty-eight patients with tetralogy of Fallot and two patients with ventricular
      septal defect and pulmonary atresia underwent repair without right ventriculotomy
      (n = 43) or with a minimal right ventriculotomy (n = 47) of 10 to 15 mm. The
      ventricular septal defect was closed through the tricuspid valve in 75 patients.
      The pulmonary valve was either preserved or reconstructed to maintain its
      competence. The age at operation was 1 or 2 years in 51 patients. There was one
      operative death and there were no late deaths. The results of postoperative
      cardiac catheterization in the present series of patients (n = 34) were compared
      with those of control patients (n = 21) who had repairs with a conventional right
      ventriculotomy in the preceding period. There was no significant difference in
      right ventricular/left ventricular systolic pressure ratio or in cardiac index
      either at rest or during isoproterenol infusion between the two groups. The
      incidence of significant pulmonary regurgitation (Grade greater than or equal to
      2/4) was less (p less than 0.05) in the present patients (47%, n = 34) than in
      the control patients (81%, n = 21). The right ventricular end-diastolic volume
      index (ml/m2) was smaller in the present patients than in the control patients
      both at rest (91 +/- 37 versus 142 +/- 28, p less than 0.01) and during
      isoproterenol infusion (81 +/- 21 versus 109 +/- 30, p less than 0.01). The right
      ventricular ejection fraction was higher in the present patients than in the
      control patients during isoproterenol infusion (57% +/- 4% versus 49% +/- 6%, p
      less than 0.01). The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias (Lown's grade greater
      than or equal to 2) was less in the present patients (6/35) than in the control
      patients (36/65) (p less than 0.005). This method of repair for tetralogy of
      Fallot carries no more risk than the conventional method, and the results are
      better with respect to postoperative right ventricular function and ventricular
      arrhythmia.

PMID- 4068736
TI  - Long-term results after excision of fixed subaortic stenosis.
AB  - Forty-nine patients underwent surgical excision of fixed subaortic stenosis
      (discrete fibrous ring and tunnel) between 1968 and 1984 and were followed up for
      1 to 16 years (5.8 +/- 4). Twenty-six patients (Group I) had isolated subaortic
      stenosis and 23 (Group II) had subaortic stenosis and associated cardiac defects.
      Discrete fibrous ring was present in 46 and tunnel type of obstruction in three
      patients. For the discrete ring, excision alone was done in 32 patients (four
      recurrences) and excision with myotomy in 17 (three recurrences). In Group I,
      there were no operative deaths and one late death from a noncardiac cause. In
      Group II, one early and two late deaths occurred. The actuarial survival rate for
      10 years is 88%. Reoperations were performed in 10 patients, seven for recurrence
      and three for aortic valve replacement for preexisting aortic regurgitation that
      had progressed since the primary operation. Cardioplegia was used in 28 patients
      (one recurrence) and was not used in 21 patients (six recurrences). An operative
      residual gradient of less than 15 mm Hg was achieved in 25 of 28 patients in whom
      cardioplegia was used compared to 12 of 21 patients in whom cardioplegia was not
      used (p = 0.017). These results indicate that complete excision of the ring with
      the aid of cardioplegia has significantly reduced the recurrence rate of
      subaortic stenosis (p = 0.033), elimination of the residual gradient at the
      initial operation has been a significant factor in reducing the recurrence rate
      (p = 0.017), and addition of myotomy in this series has not altered the outcome.

PMID- 4068737
TI  - Early and late risk of mitral valve replacement. A 12 year concomitant comparison
      of the porcine bioprosthetic and prosthetic disc mitral valves.
AB  - A consecutive series of 706 mitral valve replacements was performed from January,
      1972, to January, 1984. The follow-up ranged from 6 to 150 months with a mean of
      50 and a median of 43 months. Seven percent (50) of the patient were lost to
      follow-up. There were 243 men and 463 women, whose ages ranged from 17 to 86
      years (mean 58). A porcine bioprosthetic valve was implanted in 528 patients (514
      Hancock and 14 Carpentier-Edwards valves) and a prosthetic disc valve in 178
      patients (102 standard disc Bjork-Shiley, 34 Beall, and 42 Harken disc valves).
      Seven patients were in Functional Class II, 325 in Class III, and 374 in Class
      IV. A concomitant operative procedure was performed in 253 of the 706 patients
      (36%). Mitral regurgitation was the primary hemodynamic lesion in 363 and mitral
      stenosis in 343. Operative mortality figures were as follows: 77 of 706 (11%) for
      the overall group, 34 of 453 (7.5%) for isolated mitral valve replacement, 30 of
      169 (17.5%, p = 0.001) for mitral replacement plus coronary bypass, 49 of 528
      (9%) for the bioprosthetic valve group, and 28 of 178 (16%) for the prosthetic
      disc valve group (p = 0.01). After the operation, 262 patients were in Functional
      Class I, 99 in Class II, and 18 in Class III. The long-term survival rate was
      significantly lower in patients who had an associated procedure (45% +/- 6%), who
      had mitral regurgitation rather than mitral stenosis (53% +/- 5% versus 67% +/-
      4%) (p = 0.002), who were in Functional Class IV rather than Classes I to III
      (51% +/- 4% versus 70% +/- 4%) (p = 0.001), and who received a prosthetic disc
      valve rather than a bioprosthesis (40% +/- 6% versus 67% +/- 4%) (p = 0.001).
      Thromboembolic rates were significantly higher with prosthetic valves than with
      bioprosthetic valves (4.6% +/- 0.22% versus 2.4% +/- 0.5% per patient-year of
      follow-up), and the incidence of anticoagulant-related hemorrhage was
      significantly higher in the prosthetic valve group (1.65% versus 0.43% per
      patient-year). Primary valve dysfunction was significantly more common in the
      bioprostheses (1.23% versus 0.40% per patient-year).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 4068738
TI  - Intramyocardial pressure in the canine heart. An experimental study.
AB  - During 11 acute open-chest experiments with dogs, intramyocardial pressure was
      measured in the anterior wall of the left ventricle with a miniature pressure
      transducer mounted on a 1.6 mm diameter needle. Pressures were measured at the
      subendocardium (+/- 10 mm), midwall (+/- 7.5 mm), and subepicardium (+/- 5 mm).
      Simultaneous recordings of left ventricular pressure and two measures of
      intramyocardial pressure were made during control, acute volume overload, and
      after administration of verapamil. Maximal amplitude of the subendocardial
      pressure was higher and the maximal amplitude of the subepicardial pressure was
      lower than maximal left ventricular pressure for all interventions (p less than
      0.001 and p less than 0.01). During volume overload left ventricular pressure
      increased more than intramyocardial pressure (left ventricular pressure 34%,
      subendocardial pressure 6%, midwall pressure 14%, and subepicardial pressure
      14%). After the administration of verapamil intramyocardial pressure decreased
      more than left ventricular pressure (left ventricular pressure 16%,
      subendocardial pressure 26%, midwall pressure 13%, subepicardial pressure 32%).
      Positive and negative first derivatives of subendocardial pressure were higher
      than those of left ventricular pressure during control and after verapamil
      (between p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001). Positive and negative first
      derivatives of subepicardial pressure were lower than those of left ventricular
      pressure during all interventions (p less than 0.001). The timing of the C-point
      (onset of mechanical contraction) and the positive first derivative of all
      tracings was synchronous within 8 msec in all interventions. The 0-point
      (crosspoint of the tangent to the diastolic plateau and the tangent to the
      relaxation slope; early diastole) of intramyocardial pressure came later than the
      0-point of left ventricular pressure, indicating longer relaxation times in the
      myocardium (subendocardial pressure: control, p less than 0.001, volume, p less
      than 0.05, verapamil, no significance; midwall pressure: between p less than 0.05
      and p less than 0.001; subepicardial pressure: between p less than 0.01 and p
      less than 0.001).

PMID- 4068739
TI  - Myocardial energy depletion during profound hypothermic cardioplegia for cardiac
      operations.
AB  - Myocardial biopsy specimens were taken from 10 patients undergoing aortic valve
      replacement using extracorporeal circulation and continuous perfusion blood
      cardioplegia at extremely low myocardial temperature (10 degrees C). They were
      analyzed for adenosine triphosphate, creatine phosphate, creatine, and lactate
      before, after 10 minutes, and after 60 minutes of cardioplegia. Patient inclusion
      criteria were heart volume less than 700 ml/m2 body surface area and no
      significant coronary atherosclerosis as judged from preoperative angiograms. The
      profound hypothermic cardioplegia resulted in a smaller intramyocardial lactate
      accumulation but a greater decrease in adenosine triphosphate and creatine
      phosphate than a moderate reduction of myocardial temperature (15 degrees C) as
      previously reported in a similar patient group. This suggests that at the lower
      temperature energy-generating processes are thwarted more than energy
      consumption. In addition, the profound hypothermic cardioplegia led to a
      reduction of the myocardial pool of total creatine, which may delay restitution
      of myocardial high-energy phosphate and function after cardioplegia.

PMID- 4068740
TI  - Graft detachment, a cause of incompetence in stent-mounted aortic valve
      allografts.
AB  - The detachment of allograft tissue from supporting stent posts has been a common
      mode of failure of stent-mounted aortic allografts. In an effort to reduce the
      localized stress loading on the tissue at the top of the stent posts, two changes
      were introduced to the previous fabrication protocol followed by Green Lane
      Hospital. Specifically, they were the use of a flexible acetyl-copolymer stent
      and covering of the peripheral attachment sutures with a bias strip of Dacron
      cloth. This study showed that these changes did not reduce the incidence of
      allograft failure caused by graft detachment. Unexpectedly, covering antibiotic
      treated allograft tissue with a bias strip actually increased the likelihood of
      failure of the valve, by accelerating the biological degradation of the
      underlying graft aortic wall. The weakened aortic wall tissue was consequently
      less able to resist the high stress loadings at the top of the stent posts where
      detachment first occurred.

PMID- 4068741
TI  - Combined prostaglandin therapy and ductal formalin infiltration in neonatal
      pulmonary oligemia.
AB  - Prostaglandins and ductal formalin infiltration, singly and together, have been
      used in efforts to improve pulmonary flow in very ill newborn infants with right
      ventricular outflow tract obstruction. To evaluate the efficacy of concurrent use
      of prostaglandins and ductal formalin infiltration, we have reviewed our
      experience with 25 infants with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction and
      prostaglandin-ductal formalin infiltration therapy. Prostaglandin therapy was
      begun 22 +/- 21 hours (range 20 to 93 hours) before and was continued 20 +/- 18
      hours (range 0 to 62 hours) following ductal formalin infiltration; prostaglandin
      administration was initiated at a dose of 0.05 to 0.1 microgram/kg/min and
      tapered postoperatively. Clinical cyanosis was diminished in 20 of 25 infants
      (80%) postoperatively. Systemic arterial pH and oxygen saturation both improved
      following prostaglandin-ductal formalin infiltration therapy from 7.35 to 7.41 (p
      less than 0.001) and from 35.7 to 50.3 (p less than 0.001), respectively.
      Persistent ductal patency (mean 219 +/- 191 days) was observed in 17 survivors of
      the early postoperative period (more than 14 days). Two of five infants who died
      within 14 days of operation had a widely patent ductus with resultant progressive
      congestive heart failure. The other three infants died as a result of operative
      technical problems, dysrhythmias, and thrombotic ductal closure, respectively. No
      correlation was observed between duration of ductus patency and operatively
      determined size of ductus, total prostaglandin dose, or duration of prostaglandin
      infusion. Secondary operative intervention was delayed by 92 +/- 74 days with
      prostaglandin-ductal formalin infiltration therapy; thus prostaglandin-ductal
      formalin infiltration therapy may have a role in selected neonates with right
      ventricular outflow tract obstruction.

PMID- 4068742
TI  - Quantitative evaluation of the myocardial preservative characteristics of
      nifedipine during hypothermic myocardial ischemia.
AB  - Nifedipine, a slow calcium-channel blocker, has been used to preserve myocardial
      function in the ischemic heart. To quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of
      nifedipine as a cardioplegic agent during moderate hypothermia (28 degrees C), 15
      pigs were evaluated on total and right heart bypass with measurement at
      normothermia and after 1 hour of hypothermic ischemia of stroke volume, coronary
      blood flow, myocardial oxygen consumption, and lactate extraction. Myocardial
      tissue gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) were continuously monitored. Animals
      were divided into three groups: hypothermic ischemia, hypothermic ischemia with
      infusion of nifedipine carrier without nifedipine, and hypothermic ischemia with
      nifedipine and its carrier. A significant decrease in stroke volume was seen in
      all three groups; however, the depression was significantly greater following
      hypothermic ischemia than following cardioplegia with either nifedipine or its
      carrier. The mean recovery value of stroke volume was highest in the nifedipine
      group, but this difference between nifedipine and its carrier alone did not reach
      statistical significance. Coronary blood flow, myocardial oxygen consumption,
      lactate extraction, and tissue gases failed to substantiate a significant benefit
      when nifedipine was compared with its carrier alone. We conclude that under these
      hypothermic conditions, no proven statistically significant advantage was noted
      in the nifedipine group when compared with the nifedipine carrier group in swine.
      However, both nifedipine and the carrier were superior as a myocardial
      preservative when compared with hypothermic ischemic arrest alone.

PMID- 4068743
TI  - Use of the internal mammary artery for preservation of circulation to the left
      arm after subclavian flap aortoplasty in correction of coarctation in children.
AB  - In 14 children aged 4 to 12 years in whom the anatomy of the coarctation did not
      allow for an end-to-end anastomosis, we have performed a subclavian flap
      angioplasty. To correct the inconvenience of ligating the subclavian artery and
      to avoid the use of synthetic material, we used the internal mammary artery to
      reestablish circulation from the aorta to the subclavian artery. All patients are
      well. At postoperative catheterization (18 to 42 months, average 24) in the first
      eight, the mammary artery was patent and the flow to the subclavian was good.

PMID- 4068744
TI  - Surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta using the internal mammary artery as
      a free autogenous graft.

PMID- 4068745
TI  - Hypoplastic aortic arch with aortic coarctation: surgical correction.

PMID- 4068746
TI  - Heart storage at 0 degree C.

PMID- 4068747
TI  - Relationship of Auer rods and chromosome findings to outcome in eighty-nine
      adults with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - We performed cytogenetic analyses using banding techniques on 89 adults with
      acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia prior to receiving protocol chemotherapy. The
      relationships of cytogenetic findings both to outcome and to other pretreatment
      variables (particularly the presence or absence of Auer rods) were analyzed.
      Patients were followed up to 90+ months. When patients were grouped according to
      cytogenetic findings (NN: all normal metaphases; AA: all abnormal metaphases; AN:
      both normal and abnormal metaphases; F: no evaluable metaphases; I: insufficient
      (less than three) metaphases) no significant differences were noted with regard
      to age, sex, terminal transferase positivity, complete remission rate, remission
      duration or survival. The marrow aspirates of patients with only normal (69%)
      metaphases or no evaluable metaphases (64%) were more likely to display Auer rods
      than specimens from individuals with only abnormal (26%) or a mixture of normal
      and abnormal (42%) metaphases (p = 0.03). The presence of Auer rods in the
      pretreatment marrow aspirate was associated with an increased complete remission
      rate (71% vs 41%, p = 0.004), median remission duration (12 months vs 9 months, p
      = 0.02), and median survival (13 months vs 4 months, p = 0.01). Using
      multivariable analyses, the presence or absence of Auer rods was the pretreatment
      factor that most significantly predicted response and survival in this group of
      patients. The presence of a normal karyotype in the initial cytogenetic
      preparation is associated with the presence of Auer rods. The finding of Auer
      rods in the initial bone marrow predicts greater response and longer survival in
      acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 4068748
TI  - Enhanced production of intracellular ara-CTP after sequential use of methotrexate
      and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine.
AB  - Synergistic antiproliferative effect has been proven in vitro when mouse leukemic
      cells were sequentially treated with MTX and ara-C. The mechanism of this
      combination effect not well elucidated but the intracellular uptake of ara-C was
      higher when cells were pre-exposed to MTX. In this experiment, the intracellular
      ara-CTP was measured by HPLC after MTX and ara-C were sequentially administered
      to BDF1 mice bearing L1210 leukemic cell, either being sensitive or resistant to
      MTX. When MTX at the dose of 12 mg/kg was preceded 6 h and 3 h to ara-C at the
      dose of 25 mg/kg, the intracellular levels of ara-CTP were found to be
      significantly higher as compared with those of ara-C alone as control group. At 1
      h after ara-C, ara-CTP was measured about 165 and 130% of the control levels,
      respectively, and at 12 h, ara-CTP was over 4 times higher of control level with
      group of mice to which MTX was preceded 6 h prior to MTX. On the contrary, the
      enhancement of ara-CTP production was definitely diminished with MTX-resistant
      cells in the same administrative model. From our present experiment, the time
      sequential modulation of intracellular ara-CTP production by MTX was reconfirmed
      in vivo, and this modulation might depend upon the sensitivity of MTX of leukemic
      cells.

PMID- 4068749
TI  - Granulomonocytic colony forming cells in myelofibrosis: concentrations within
      hepatic blood and peripheral blood.
AB  - Hepatic and peripheral blood GM-CFC concentrations were compared in 8 cases of
      myelofibrosis. Hepatic blood concentrations were significantly higher (p less
      than 0.05). The density-distribution profile for hepatic blood GM-CFCs shifted to
      the left as compared to peripheral blood in 4 cases out of 5. The maximal blood
      transit time for circulating GM-CFCs was about 1 min. These results suggest that
      spleen and liver are a production site of blood GM-CFCs in myelofibrosis. In
      particular, they would be responsible for the presence in blood of the lightest
      GM-CFCs (less than 1.060 g cm-3). Increased GM-CFC inflow from bone marrow and/or
      liver and spleen to blood is the single explanation for the increased value of
      the circulating GM-CFCs.

PMID- 4068750
TI  - Proliferation in liquid culture of megakaryocytes from the blood of patients with
      primary myelofibrosis and other myeloproliferative disorders.
AB  - Using a short term liquid system we have shown that blood from some patients with
      primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) in
      megakaryoblastic transformation (CGL-Mk) gives rise to large numbers of
      progenitor cells committed to the megakaryocyte (Mk) lineage. As assessed by
      indirect immunofluorescence the number of cells reacting with three antiplatelet
      monoclonal antibodies, C17, J15 and AN51, increases during the culture period.
      There is no equivalent increase in cultures from the blood of normal individuals
      or patients with essential thrombocythaemia (ET). Furthermore plasma-free
      supernatants from cultures of the cells from patients with PMF and CGL-Mk
      stimulate the rate of proliferation of fibroblasts from normal bone marrow. These
      data provide further evidence for the involvement of the Mk lineage in PMF and
      CGL and suggest that the excess fibrosis seen in these conditions may be caused
      by a factor emanating from Mks.

PMID- 4068751
TI  - Leukemia in patients following radiotherapy for malignant neoplasms in the pelvic
      region.
AB  - A prospective study of 1572 women treated with radiotherapy for cervical (1478
      women) and ovarian cancer (94 women) was done. Patients had been followed
      clinically and especially by blood tests between 1961 and 1981, comprising 8990
      woman-years (WY). Following radiotherapy, 5 patients developed non-lymphocytic
      leukemia [2 acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), 1 acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL),
      and 2 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)]. Based on rates for the general population,
      0.45 case would be expected and, therefore, the relative risk was 11.2. The
      average mean marrow dose for all our subjects was calculated to be 1177 rad, the
      risk of radiation-induced leukemia was 0.43 excess case per year per one million
      women exposed to 1 rad of radiation to the bone marrow. Four patients with
      cervical cancer who developed leukemia were in a high-dose-rate group treated
      with both a linear accelerator (Linac) and remote afterloading system (RALS), and
      1 patient with ovarian cancer who developed leukemia was treated with a Linac
      alone. This is the first report of a statistically significant increased risk of
      leukemia for patients treated with large doses of radiation for malignant
      neoplasms in the pelvic region.

PMID- 4068752
TI  - Stem cells: an autonomous cell producing system.
AB  - Stem cells have been traditionally considered to be a reserve population, in
      which the primary control is the rate of differentiation. Alterations in
      proliferation rate are then considered to be the results of changes in the number
      of stem cells. This article suggests that perhaps the reverse is true, namely
      that the rate of stem cell production is primarily controlled, and not the number
      of stem cells.

PMID- 4068753
TI  - In vitro pulsatile flow velocity and turbulent shear stress measurements in the
      vicinity of mechanical aortic heart valve prostheses.
AB  - A two-dimensional laser Doppler anemometer system was used to study the velocity
      and turbulent shear stress fields created by various types of mechanical aortic
      heart valve prostheses under physiological pulsatile flow conditions. The
      prosthetic valves studied were the Starr-Edwards caged ball valve, Bjork-Shiley
      tilting disc valve, Medtronic-Hall tilting disc valve, and St. Jude bileaflet
      valve. The results indicate that all four prosthetic valve designs studied create
      very disturbed flow fields with regions of flow separation and/or stagnation and
      regions of elevated turbulent shear stress. The maximum values of the mean
      turbulent shear stresses measured during peak systole were 1200 dynes/cm2 for the
      Starr-Edwards valve, 1600 dynes/cm2 for the Bjork-Shiley valve, 1000 dynes/cm2
      for the Medtronic-Hall valve, and 1050 dynes/cm2 for the St. Jude valve. The
      corresponding values during the deceleration phase were about 800, 600, 450 and
      800 dynes/cm2, respectively. These elevated turbulent shear stresses could cause
      sublethal and/or lethal damage to blood elements, and, together with the regions
      of flow separation and/or stagnation, could lead to thrombus formation and/or
      tissue overgrowth on the valve structure, as observed on the clinically recovered
      prosthetic valves.

PMID- 4068754
TI  - A mechanistic model for the enzymic degradation of synthetic biopolymers.
AB  - The degradation pathway of a synthetic biopolymer, poly-N5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L
      glutamine, by papain under physiological conditions, was extensively
      investigated. The enzymic reaction was found to be rather complex: it
      progressively slows down, and comes to an end when the degradation fragments are
      tetrapeptides. In order to account for this phenomenon, a modified Michaelis
      Menten kinetic model is proposed, in which Km is assumed to be dependent on the
      degree of polymerization of the macromolecular substrate, and therefore varies as
      the degradation reaction proceeds. The new model accurately describes all the
      experimental data, and allows one to predict the entire course of the reaction.
      The behaviour of the system considered is interpreted to represent a model of
      biological recognition at the molecular level.

PMID- 4068755
TI  - Hydrodynamic test of bioprostheses in the mitral position.
AB  - With the described circulation simulator it is possible to simulate physiological
      values of pulse frequency, filling volume and pressure. Bioprostheses with
      pathological changes can be investigated in vitro under normal and under specific
      pathological in vivo circulation conditions. The criteria of classification of
      the effectiveness of bioprostheses are reflux volume, VR, insufficiency, I and
      maximal orifice area, A. As a result of the definition of insufficiency, even
      intact bioprostheses show insufficiency with regard to the closing volume. While
      the effectiveness of perforated bioprostheses can be clearly demonstrated by
      reflux volume and insufficiency, the regurgitation of a stenosed valve gives no
      meaningful statement as to its effectiveness. In this case, the orifice area, A,
      is a suitable criterion of the classification of effectiveness.

PMID- 4068756
TI  - Right ventricular balloon pumping.
AB  - Right ventricular balloon pumping (RVBP), i.e., using a balloon inserted into the
      right ventricular cavity to expel the blood into the pulmonary artery, was
      developed in this study. The balloon, which had an unstretched volume of
      approximately 15 ml, was made of polyurethane. In this experiment the balloon was
      inserted into the right ventricle via the right auricle or the apical area of the
      right ventricle. It was found that even when the natural heart was not beating,
      the pulmonary arterial blood flow could be maintained above 80 ml/min . kg body
      weight and the central venous pressure could be kept normal by combining RVBP and
      LVA. When the natural heart was beating but weak, the amount of increase of the
      pulmonary arterial blood flow induced by the application of RVBP depended on the
      degree of right heart failure, but RVBP could supply a sufficient flow rate to
      compensate for the failure of the right ventricle. Regurgitation through the
      tricuspid valve was scarcely ever found during RVBP.

PMID- 4068757
TI  - A preliminary report on low-profile and pericardial bioprostheses: a new
      combination in particular anatomical situations.
AB  - Bovine pericardial bioprostheses (BPB), such as the Ionescu-Shiley or the Vascor,
      and low-profile porcine bioprostheses (Liotta, LPB) have particular features that
      make them useful in certain anatomical situations, such as aortic stenosis with
      hypoplastic annulus, pure mitral stenosis with little ventricle and double
      valvular stenosis with hypertrophic ventricular wall. In such situations, the use
      of traditional porcine bioprostheses causes problems. We report our experience
      with BPB and LPB in 25 cases of double valvular stenosis. Operative results were
      fairly good, and, with the excellent mid-term follow-up by 2-D echo and
      haemodynamic evaluation, the present authors are confident that these
      bioprostheses can be considered to be a good alternative to traditional ones and
      the first choice in particular anatomical situations.

PMID- 4068758
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging for neurotoxicity in long-term survivors of carcinoma.
AB  - Neurotoxicity is a potential complication of combined chemotherapy and whole
      brain radiotherapy in long-term survivors of carcinoma. Clinical features of this
      neurotoxicity are similar to those manifested in the leukoencephalopathy of
      pediatric patients with leukemia who have been treated prophylactically with
      whole-brain radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Magnetic resonance imaging, because of
      its ability to distinguish cortical gray matter and white matter and its utility
      for studying demyelinating diseases, was used in the assessment of five long-term
      survivors of carcinoma who had clinical evidence of neurotoxicity. On magnetic
      resonance examinations, all five patients had profound abnormalities in the
      periventricular white matter. These changes were considerably more pronounced
      than those seen on computed tomographic scanning. Thus, magnetic resonance
      imaging may serve as a useful procedure for early detection of neurotoxicity in
      patients with carcinoma who have received cerebral radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

PMID- 4068759
TI  - Intrathoracic manifestations in mixed connective tissue disease.
AB  - A high frequency of occurrence of pleuropulmonary manifestations in mixed
      connective tissue disease (MCTD) has been reported in the literature. A
      retrospective analysis of 81 adult patients with the diagnosis of MCTD who were
      examined at our medical center from 1973 through 1977 revealed that
      pleuropulmonary involvement occurred in 20 (25%). Thirteen patients (16%) had
      dyspnea, six (7%) had chest pain, and four (5%) had cough. Chest roentgenograms
      disclosed basal interstitial processes in 15 patients (19%), pleural effusion in
      5 (6%), pneumonic infiltrates in 3 (4%), and pleural thickening in 2 (2%).
      Abnormalities of pulmonary function were noted in 9 (69%) of 13 patients tested,
      and esophagographic abnormalities were present in 19 (53%) of 36 patients tested.
      Systemic corticosteroid therapy was beneficial in two of the eight patients so
      treated, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs resolved most of the clinical
      features in four of the seven patients so treated. Six patients died during a 5
      year follow-up period.

PMID- 4068760
TI  - Spasm in ectatic coronary arteries.
AB  - Patients with ectatic coronary arteries often have occlusion of the affected
      arteries. Because ectatic arteries are considered to have medial damage, they are
      normally assumed to have little capacity to constrict; therefore, spasm has not
      been considered a factor in the occlusive process. In two patients who had
      diffuse coronary ectasia, no appreciable stenosis, and angina pectoris, we found
      that the ectatic arteries indeed had an augmented vasoconstrictor response to
      ergonovine. This finding indicates that some ectatic arteries have a sufficient
      amount of smooth muscle to cause coronary spasm and may produce symptoms of
      coronary disease by causing recurrent arterial spasm.

PMID- 4068761
TI  - Cardiovascular evaluation of the child and adolescent before participation in
      sports.
AB  - A thorough cardiovascular evaluation is necessary to detect potentially lethal
      abnormalities that may predispose children and adolescents to sports-related
      sudden death. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and anomalous origin of the left
      coronary artery from the right sinus of Valsalva are the two most common cardiac
      abnormalities associated with sudden death during childhood. Other conditions
      potentially associated with sudden death are Marfan's syndrome, aortic valve
      stenosis, primary pulmonary hypertension, and arrhythmias. A detailed medical
      evaluation is indicated for subjects who have a history of nonvasodepressor
      syncope, exercise-related syncope or presyncope, angina pectoris, or known
      congenital or acquired heart disease. In addition, a family history of premature
      sudden unexpected syncope or death, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, premature
      atherosclerotic heart disease, severe arrhythmias, or Marfan's syndrome or
      premature aortic aneurysms is an indication for a thorough cardiovascular
      evaluation before participation in sports.

PMID- 4068762
TI  - The "broken ring" sign in magnetic resonance imaging of partial anomalous
      pulmonary venous connection to the superior vena cava.
AB  - In two patients with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the
      superior vena cava, we attempted to demonstrate the pertinent anatomic
      abnormalities by using magnetic resonance imaging. The results show that magnetic
      resonance imaging is an ideal cardiovascular imaging modality. The observation of
      a "broken ring" structure in the magnetic resonance image of the superior vena
      cava is proposed as a diagnostic sign of partial anomalous pulmonary venous
      connection to the superior vena cava.

PMID- 4068763
TI  - Selection bias in the referral of patients and the natural history of surgical
      conditions.

PMID- 4068764
TI  - The President and the power of the colonoscope.

PMID- 4068765
TI  - Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in Behcet's disease.

PMID- 4068766
TI  - Age-dependent changes of biochemical parameters during the perfusion of the
      isolated rat liver.
AB  - The livers were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats in 5 groups aged from 4 to 5,
      10 to 12, 24 to 26, 30 to 32 and 35 to 37 months and perfused for 5 h to study
      the activities of GOT and GPT, the K+ level and to form the quotient of
      lactate/pyruvate and beta-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate in the perfusion medium.
      The K+ level showed no age related changes, which eliminates, by use of the
      method described in this paper, the K+ level as sensitive parameter of cell
      membrane function. Both redox quotients indicate a metabolic breakdown after 240
      min perfusion in the oldest group, which points to a reduced adaptability in
      senescent animals to changed metabolical conditions during the perfusion of the
      isolated livers. The transaminases GOT and GPT proved to be the most sensitive
      parameters of cell membrane function, allowing the finest discriminations between
      the various age groups. Here also the senescent group showed the first signs of
      membrane damages.

PMID- 4068767
TI  - Comparative observation of fibroblasts derived from the papillary and reticular
      dermis of infants and adults: growth kinetics, packing density at confluence and
      surface morphology.
AB  - We have confirmed the reports of Harper and Grove (Science, 204 (1979) 526-527),
      and Azzarone and Macierira-Coehlo (J. Cell Sci., 57 (1982) 177-187) that
      fibroblasts derived from the papillary dermis have greater in vitro growth
      potential and longer replicative lifespans than genomically identical fibroblasts
      derived from the reticular dermis. In addition we demonstrate that the kinetics
      of cell replication differ for papillary and reticular fibroblasts derived from
      infant and adult donors. Infant papillary fibroblasts replicate at faster rates
      than reticular fibroblasts throughout the growth cycle. Adult papillary and
      reticular fibroblasts replicate at similar rates at low cell densities, but
      exponential growth of reticular fibroblasts slows at lower cell densities than
      papillary fibroblasts suggesting that they are more sensitive to density
      dependent inhibition of replication. The surface morphologies of reticular
      fibroblasts and papillary fibroblasts at confluence correlate with their growth
      kinetics. The decreased cell yields of reticular fibroblasts appears related to
      the spreading behaviors of individual cells which stretch and occupy more area of
      the growth surface than do papillary fibroblasts. These data and the reports
      cited clearly show that one must account for the presence of at least two
      distinct populations of dermal fibroblasts when examining their biological
      properties in vitro.

PMID- 4068768
TI  - Effects of exogenous antioxidants on the levels of endogenous antioxidants, lipid
      soluble fluorescent material and life span in the housefly, Musca domestica.
AB  - Effects of exogenous antioxidant administration (0.5% and 2% ascorbate, beta
      carotene and alpha-tocopherol in sucrose) on life-span, metabolic rate,
      activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, levels of glutathione, inorganic
      peroxides and chloroform-soluble fluorescent material (lipofuscin) were examined
      in adult male houseflies. Administration of antioxidants at a level of 0.5% did
      not affect life-span, whereas, 2% ascorbate and alpha-tocopherol decreased
      average life-span. Metabolic rate of flies was unaffected, except by 2%
      ascorbate, which caused a decrease. Superoxide dismutase activity was depressed
      by 2% ascorbate at all ages, and by beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol in older
      flies. Catalase activity was unaffected except by alpha-tocopherol at younger
      ages. Glutathione concentration was decreased by ascorbate and beta-carotene at
      both concentrations administered. Inorganic peroxides (H2O2) were increased by 2%
      beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol. Only high concentrations of ascorbate and
      beta-carotene decreased the level of soluble fluorescent material. Results
      suggest that administration of exogenous antioxidants causes a compensatory
      depression of endogenous defenses.

PMID- 4068769
TI  - Characteristics of stimulated parotid gland secretion in the aging rat.
AB  - The production of pilocarpine-stimulated parotid saliva was evaluated in young
      adult and aged male and female rats. Parotid salivary flow rate was about 50%
      lower in aged animals of both sexes. Saliva of aged animals had the same Na+
      concentration as that of young rats but contained about 40% more protein.
      Salivary K+ concentration was similar in young and aged males but not females.

PMID- 4068770
TI  - Impaired glycerophosphorylcholine synthesis in murine muscular dystrophy.
AB  - A test of some of the tenets of a proposed hypothesis on muscle phospholipid
      synthesis, and its possible defect in murine muscular dystrophy, shows that the
      cytidine pathways for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidylethanolamine have a negligible flux in differentiated mouse
      gastrocnemius, while that of the respective proposed de novo
      glycerophosphodiester pathways is normally high in this muscle. Evidence is
      presented that de novo glycerophosphorylcholine synthesis in dystrophic mouse
      gastrocnemius is about half that of the wild type homozygotes, while that of the
      heterozygotes is near the mean of the two homozygous groups. No significant
      differences in rates of glycerophosphorylcholine or glycerophosphorylethanolamine
      synthesis were observed in brain and liver tissues among the three genotypes.
      These results suggest that defective de novo synthesis of
      glycerophosphorylcholine may be the primary biochemical lesion in murine muscular
      dystrophy.

PMID- 4068771
TI  - Gender-related differences in diazepam effects on performance.
AB  - In order to investigate the possible differences of diazepam effects in the two
      sexes, two placebo-controlled double-blind studies were conducted on healthy
      volunteer students. In one study the subjects received diazepam 10 mg alone or
      combined with 0.5 g/kg of alcohol in a parallel group design; in the other 0.2
      mg/kg of diazepam or placebo were given in a cross-over manner. In both trials
      diazepam impaired the psychomotor skills of women more than men. The difference
      was similar in tasks measuring cognitive (digit symbol substitution), motor
      (balance of extraocular muscles) and sensory (critical flicker fusion)
      performances. Tapping speed was affected to a similar degree in both genders.
      Diazepam 10 mg did not cause impairment of body balance, a parameter sensitive to
      alcohol. The combined effect of diazepam and alcohol was of similar magnitude in
      both sexes in all objective tests. Subjectively the women felt themselves
      clumsier than did the men. The calming effect was similar in both groups. The
      results suggest that while the performance of women may be more vulnerable than
      men to impairment by diazepam they also are aware of it. The difference of
      effects is of such magnitude that it may cause bias in experiments unless
      carefully balanced groups are used.

PMID- 4068772
TI  - Hydrochlorothiazide, amiloride and tolmetin in the treatment of diabetes
      insipidus of Brattleboro rats.
AB  - To test the effects of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) alone and in combination with
      amiloride or tolmetin in the treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus,
      metabolic studies of 12 days each were carried out in 36 male, Brattleboro rats.
      They were divided into five groups as follows: (A) controls; (B) high dose HCTZ
      at 6 mg/rat/day; (C) low dose HCTZ at 3 mg/rat/day; (D) HCTZ identical to (C) but
      with addition of amiloride at 0.6 mg/rat/day; (E) HCTZ identical to (C) but with
      addition of tolmetin at 40 mg/rat/day. The immediate response to treatment was a
      significant increase in urinary sodium excretion from mean values (mEq/kg/day) of
      less than 11 to values higher than 13, except group E with mean value of 12.
      There was marked increase in urinary potassium excretion (mEq/kg/day), from mean
      control value of 15.5 to 21.5, 20.8, 18.5 and 17.7 in groups B, C, D and E,
      respectively. During the last three days of the study, mean urine osmolality
      (Uosm) and free water reabsorption (TCH2O) increased significantly: [formula: see
      text]. These indices were higher in groups B, D and E than in group C. Serum
      osmolality decreased only in groups B, C and D but not in the HCTZ-tolmetin
      groups. Similarly, serum sodium concentration was significantly lower in groups
      B, C and D compared to the control and the HCTZ-tolmetin groups. Serum potassium
      concentration was reduced in all the treated groups, but in both the groups
      treated with HCTZ-amiloride and HCTZ-tolmetin, the reduction was smaller than the
      one observed in the high-HCTZ treated group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4068773
TI  - The effect of human bone matrix extracts on the biosynthesis of macromolecules by
      human mononuclear cells in culture.
AB  - In chronic rheumatoid arthritis, mononuclear cells (MC) accumulate in the
      subchondral bone and form a prominent part of both destructive lesions and repair
      reactions. A fraction from human bone matrix extracts (BME) stimulated
      glycosaminoglycan (gag) and glycoprotein synthesis by fibroblastic cells but its
      effects on MC metabolism had not been studied. A method was established for the
      study of incorporation of radioactive precursors into total protein, IgG and gag
      synthesized and secreted by peripheral blood MC cultured in microwells in the
      presence or absence of Concanavalin A (ConA). Relatively low concentrations of
      BME suppressed spontaneous synthesis of radioactive IgG (protein A bound) and TCA
      precipitable protein but had little effect on gag synthesis. In general,
      stimulation of the cultures with ConA overcame the inhibitory effects on protein
      synthesis by the BME. A large stimulation of gag synthesis induced by ConA was
      not affected by BME. The interactions between the BME and the stimulatory effect
      of ConA on DNA synthesis were studied in detail and were found to be complex, not
      immunologically specific and appeared to be due to binding of lectin by the
      carbohydrate moieties of the glycoproteins in the BME. On the basis of a model of
      the lectin-BME interaction, the hypothesis is postulated that the carbohydrate
      moieties of subchondral bone glycoproteins may have the capacity to act as a
      solid state "trap" for certain circulating antigens which may then also interact
      with surface glycoproteins of the MC accumulating in the subchondral bone. The
      physiological role of gag synthesis by MC is not known.

PMID- 4068774
TI  - Mg content of healthy and chronically diseased human cancellous bone in relation
      to age and some physical and chemical factors.
AB  - The magnesium (Mg) content of human cancellous bone was studied in relation to
      its elemental composition and mineral density. The material was collected from
      138 cadavers consisting men and women of different ages. Duplicate specimens from
      anterior iliac crest (one macerated and one fixed with alcohol) were obtained
      from individuals who had died suddenly or whose deaths were due to chronic
      immobilizing diseases. The cation concentrations were analyzed with an atomic
      absorption spectrophotometer, fluoride with the ion specific electrode, from
      macerated samples. The samples fixed in alcohol were used for determination of
      the mineral density with gamma rat attenuation. The mean Mg concentration (+/-
      SD) was 2.84 +/- 0.29 mg/g in the samples obtained from individuals who had died
      suddenly with no correlation with age. In the group with chronic diseases the
      mean Mg levels decreased slightly with increasing age. There was a significant,
      positive correlation between the Mg and Ca concentrations. In the linear
      regression analysis 16.4% of the variance of Mg concentration was accounted for
      by Ca. This relationship was more evident in men than in women. Only the
      postmenopausal women suffering from chronic diseases and having bone loss showed
      correlation between the bone Mg and Ca contents. The Mg/Ca ratio in men was quite
      constant and did not change significantly with age. In women the Mg/Ca ratio
      versus age showed no statistically significant relationship. The correlation
      between Mg and other elements was weak. The weak relationships between F and Zn
      to Mg clearly have no significant effect on the contents of these elements in
      bone.

PMID- 4068775
TI  - Evaluation of the fan method of adaptive sampling on human electrocardiograms.

PMID- 4068776
TI  - Sources of the thoracic cardiogenic electrical impedance signal as determined by
      a model.

PMID- 4068777
TI  - Fast interactive computational setup for reconstruction and analysis of
      myocardial action potentials.

PMID- 4068778
TI  - High-frequency power source for application of temperature steps in papillary
      tissue.

PMID- 4068779
TI  - Design and development of a new electronic sphygmomanometer.

PMID- 4068780
TI  - Long-term ambulatory monitoring of indirect arterial blood pressure using a
      volume-oscillometric method.

PMID- 4068781
TI  - Monitoring the mobility of patients in bed.

PMID- 4068782
TI  - Evaluation of biomechanical models in posturography.

PMID- 4068783
TI  - Specifications for building a vertical force platform designed for clinical
      stabilometry.

PMID- 4068784
TI  - Online operating speeds of transversal resonator digital filters on an M68000
      microcomputer.

PMID- 4068785
TI  - Energy-saving power bridge for children's artificial hands.

PMID- 4068786
TI  - Development of a new exercise test for children.

PMID- 4068787
TI  - Bedside ECG monitor using a microprocessor.

PMID- 4068788
TI  - Interface device which displays the propagation of motor unit action potentials
      on a television screen.

PMID- 4068789
TI  - Computer-controllable variable-intensity ganzfeld stimulator for
      electroretinography.

PMID- 4068790
TI  - Device for sterile calibration of an oxygen sensor.

PMID- 4068791
TI  - Low-irradiation video-fluoroscopy assembly for protracted observation and
      measurement of the motility, dimensions and contents of the rumino reticulum of
      sheep.

PMID- 4068792
TI  - Utilization patterns among long-term enrollees in a prepaid group practice health
      maintenance organization.
AB  - Criteria used in this study established that 13% of long-term adult members of a
      prepaid group practice health maintenance organization (HMO) were consistently
      high users of outpatient medical care services. This population accounted for 31%
      of the total doctor office visits (DOVs), 35% of the hospital admissions, and 30%
      of the outpatient surgical services for long-term members. The most frequent
      reason for DOVs in this high user group was treatment and/or follow-up of chronic
      conditions. Patterns of utilization were unrelated to marital status, income,
      occupation, and perceived social class. Smoking and alcohol use also were not
      associated with utilization patterns. However, the consistently high users were
      more likely to perceive their health status as fair or poor and to report a
      higher number of physical symptoms. They were also more likely to be
      characterized by a higher degree of psychological distress, especially
      depression. Contacts with the HMO's mental health department constituted less
      than 1% of their total medical care contacts, and only 13% made at least one
      mental health contact over the study period. The findings are discussed in terms
      of their health and medical care implications.

PMID- 4068793
TI  - Career orientations of medical and pediatric residents.
AB  - Educators have expressed concern about the declining percentage of graduating
      residents who choose an academic career. This study identifies characteristics of
      postgraduate physicians that are associated with intentions to pursue an academic
      career or a full-time private practice. Data were obtained from 299 residents in
      pediatrics and internal medicine at five academic medical centers in Southern
      California, using self-report questionnaires. Preference for an academic career
      was strongest among residents who were most satisfied with their work, were
      frequently sponsored by faculty, had published, or who either lived alone or were
      married to another professional. The likelihood of full-time private practice was
      strongest among residents who were less frequently sponsored by faculty, had not
      published, lived with others, were from certain medical schools, or were females.
      Training programs may wish to consider some of these factors in the selection of
      residents and in program development.

PMID- 4068794
TI  - When elders fail to visit physicians.
AB  - Among people over age 70, 17% reported instances of not seeing a physician during
      the previous year when they thought they should for any one of four reasons, and
      12% specifically because they thought the problem was due to their age. Elders
      with lower income, lower morale, and diminished health status were more likely to
      report instances of not seeing the physician for reasons of perceived
      transportation problems, cost difficulties, or because they thought the problem
      was due to their age; those with higher incomes, without private insurance,
      living alone, male, and with lower morale were more likely to report instances of
      noncontact because of appointment difficulties. Elders who attributed problems to
      their age were more likely to be out of annual contact with a physician, as were
      those with less formal education, fewer functional problems, and higher morale.
      Elders reporting appointment difficulties in fact had increased reported
      frequencies of physician visits, as did those closer to age 70 than age 90, those
      with worse perceived health, and more functional problems. Strategies for
      influencing utilization are presented.

PMID- 4068795
TI  - Factors influencing doctors' awareness of the life problems of middle-aged
      patients.
AB  - Because individuals who deal effectively with life events may be healthier,
      doctors may need to be aware of the important events in their patients' lives.
      This study was designed to document the actual level of awareness that 20
      community family practitioners had of their middle-aged patients' life events. A
      total of 116 patients completed a life events questionnaire when they visited
      their family doctors. The physicians completed a similar questionnaire for each
      patient. A comparison between the patients' and physicians' responses provided
      the measure of doctors' awareness. Doctors were found to be aware of
      approximately 25% of all patients' life events. Awareness was inversely
      associated with patients' self-reliance and directly associated with age of
      patients and with those events having a negative effect. The observed level of
      knowledge may be unacceptably low, in which case physicians must find ways to
      improve their knowledge. Alternatively, this level of knowledge may be realistic,
      given that some patients may not need to discuss their life events, particularly
      self-reliant patients or patients experiencing events that did not affect them
      negatively. If this is the case, family physicians need to find ways of
      determining the patients and events for which their knowledge would be helpful.

PMID- 4068796
TI  - Health status, sociodemographic factors, and the use of prescribed psychotropic
      drugs.
AB  - The relations among sociodemographic factors, health status, and use of
      prescribed sleeping pills and tranquilizers are examined. The data are from the
      Rand Health Insurance Experiment, which has a random sample of the nonaged,
      noninstitutionalized, civilian population in six U.S. sites. Information on
      sociodemographic factors, health status, and the use of prescribed psychotropic
      drugs during the previous 3 months was obtained from self-report questionnaires
      collected at enrollment. Mental and physical health status have large independent
      and significant effects on the probability of use of both prescribed
      tranquilizers (P less than 0.0001) and sleeping pills (P less than 0.0001),
      whether or not we remove the effects of sociodemographic factors. For the
      probability of tranquilizer use, there is no significant interaction between
      gender and mental health or between mental health and physical health. Age and
      gender have large and significant effects on the use of prescribed psychotropic
      drugs even after controlling for differences in health status and other
      demographic factors. The effects of site and socioeconomic status are modest
      compared with the effects of health, age, and gender.

PMID- 4068798
TI  - Nutrition and cancer. Sanrocco International Cancer Symposia. 5th annual meeting.
      11-12 April 1985, Como, Italy.

PMID- 4068797
TI  - Improving antibiotic prescribing in outpatient practice. Nonassociation of
      outcome with prescriber characteristics and measures of receptivity.

PMID- 4068799
TI  - Fat intake, obesity, and cancer of the breast and endometrium.
AB  - Many studies indicate that obesity is associated with postmenopausal breast
      cancer and cancer of the endometrium. The mechanisms by which obesity contributes
      to cancer risk is not known, although increases in serum estrone from delta 4
      androstenedione by the adipose tissue have been implicated in postmenopausal
      women. Blood estrogens increase with the degree of obesity and aging. In animal
      experiments the confounding of high fat, low carbohydrate, and high calorie diets
      needs to be defined. The effects of diet on estrogen metabolism; the relationship
      of fatty acids from animal, vegetable, and marine sources to tumor formation; and
      the mechanisms by which energy intake influences cancer risk need to be precisely
      defined. Any estimate of the contribution of heredity to the burden of human
      cancer is impossible until we have a better understanding of genetic and
      environmental interactions.

PMID- 4068800
TI  - Fat intake and cancer of the gastrointestinal tract and prostate.
AB  - The epidemiological evidence for and against the postulated role of dietary fat
      in the aetiology of human gastrointestinal and prostate cancers is critically
      reviewed. Evidence for a causal association is inconsistent, and much is of low
      validity. Several studies of colorectal cancer provide evidence to refute the fat
      hypothesis, at least in some populations. The expanding interest in precursor
      adenomas and the possible role of fat in their aetiology has led to case-control
      studies of colorectal adenomas and clinical preventive trials to see if fat is
      related to risk, but virtually no results have yet been published. The few
      studies done in relation to prostate cancer justify further investigation of the
      role of fat, but there appear to be no putative mechanisms to explain an
      association.

PMID- 4068801
TI  - Hypocholesterolemia in cancer patients may be caused by elevated LDL receptor
      activities in malignant cells.
AB  - Several epidemiological studies indicate an inverse relation between plasma
      cholesterol and the occurrence of cancer. Since we in previous studies have found
      that certain malignant cell types have an elevated LDL receptor activity, the aim
      of the present study was to further explore the possibility that an elevated LDL
      consumption by tumor cells causes hypocholesterolemia. The plasma cholesterol
      concentrations in patients with acute leukemia were inversely correlated with the
      rate of receptor-mediated degradation of 125I-LDL by the leukemic cells. During
      chemotherapy, the total plasma and the LDL cholesterol levels increased
      concomitantly with the reduction in the leukemic cell count in a patient whose
      leukemic cells exhibited a high rate at receptor-mediated degradation of 125I
      LDL. In certain patients with inoperable urinary bladder carcinoma, the plasma
      cholesterol concentration fell as the disease progressed. Studies in breast
      cancer patients indicate that the number of LDL receptors in the tumor tissue may
      have prognostic significance. The results are in agreement with the hypothesis
      that an elevated LDL receptor activity in malignant cells may lead to
      hypocholesterolemia.

PMID- 4068802
TI  - Is serum selenium a risk factor for cancer?
AB  - A narrow band of counties extending along the southeastern Atlantic coast from
      Jacksonville, Florida to Charleston, South Carolina were found to have
      excessively high incidence rates for esophageal cancer in non-white males. White
      males in the same areas have a 30% higher incidence rate for lung cancer but only
      average incidence rates were found for non-white males. Selenium is considered to
      decrease cancer risk in the animal model. In this coastal region, a study of 130
      cancer patients who developed a malignancy 2-12 years after baseline examination
      showed no dose response relationship between baseline serum selenium levels and
      risk of subsequent cancer.

PMID- 4068804
TI  - Retinoids and tumorigenesis: mechanistic considerations.
AB  - Retinoids enhanced adhesion of spontaneously-transformed mouse fibroblasts to the
      substrate of culture in a reversible way. They also caused an increase in the
      incorporation of radioactively-labeled mannose into 'complex type'
      oligosaccharides of glycopeptides isolated from the cell surface. Consistent with
      this response was a similar increase in 'complex type' oligosaccharide chains
      from the collagen binding domain of fibronectin from retinoid-treated, more
      adhesive rat sternal chondrocytes. Tumor promoting phorbol esters caused a
      decrease in adhesion and the shedding of fibronectin from the cell surface.
      Opposing actions of tumor promoting agents and retinoids exist at the level of
      expression of squamoid metaplasia of the respiratory tract. Both hepatomas with
      minimal and a maximal growth rate contained less retinyl palmitate than host
      liver. Similarly, the level of the cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP) was
      greatly reduced in the hepatoma tissue. Considerations on the antagonistic
      actions of tumor promoters and retinoids, the phenotype of squamous cell
      carcinomas of the bronchus and the vitamin A deficient status of hepatoma tissue
      suggested the following concepts: compounds which perform essential functions
      (e.g. vitamin A) may prevent initiated cells from expressing the tumorigenic
      phenotype; tumor promoters may act by interfering either directly or indirectly
      with the essential function of these compounds; normal cells respond to
      deficiency of essential function by differentiation and/or cell death; and
      initiated cells express the new phenotype, have a growth advantage and become
      self-sufficient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4068803
TI  - Vitamin deficiency and cancer.
AB  - Vitamins, either as coenzymes or hormone-like substances play an important role
      in the expression of genetic information and in the regulation of cellular
      metabolism, differentiation, and maturation. Recent epidemiologic evidence
      suggests that certain forms of cancer are more prevalent among populations with a
      limited intake of certain nutrients. Other evidence indicates that localized
      deficiency of a nutrient can occur in hormone-sensitive cells without overt
      systemic manifestations of deficiency disease. Folic acid, because of its key
      role in nucleic acid biosynthesis, and vitamin A, because of its role in
      epithelial maintenance are of particular interest. The recognition of folate
      dependent fragile sites on chromosomes suggests that folate and related compounds
      may play a role in preventing tumor-specific chromosome translocations and the
      insertion of viral oncogenes. Improved understanding of the role of nutrients in
      cellular maturation could provide clues for primary cancer prevention and better
      methods of treatment.

PMID- 4068805
TI  - Folate and iron metabolism in patients with tumors and inflammations.
AB  - Reduced serum concentrations of nutrients like iron, zinc and folates and of
      albumin and cholesterol are found, as well as emaciation, both in malnutrition
      and in cancer. In patients with leukemia, a depletion of intracellular potassium
      and hypo-potassemia are found in addition. The use of hyperalimentation in cancer
      was originally based on the concept that too little food is the cause of these
      disturbances in the nutrition state. However, there is also a disturbed
      metabolism of nutrients in patients with tumors and inflammatory disease. In the
      case of folic acid, the disturbed metabolism could not be normalized by
      hyperalimentation. The more advanced the disease, the more pronounced is the
      disturbed nutrient metabolism, and this disturbance is related to the macrophage
      activity. It is not self-evident, therefore, that hyperalimentation can normalize
      the nutritional state in cancer. Emaciation in cancer patients is not caused
      exclusively by malnutrition.

PMID- 4068806
TI  - [Lipoprotein changes in patients with transient cerebrovascular accidents].

PMID- 4068807
TI  - [Influence of tobacco on the levels of gastric secretion, pepsinogen I and the
      duodenal mechanism of inhibition of gastric secretion in duodenal ulcer
      patients].

PMID- 4068808
TI  - [Changes in T4-deiodination in decompensated diabetes mellitus. The low-T3
      syndrome].

PMID- 4068809
TI  - [Functional changes in the leukocytes in brucellosis].

PMID- 4068811
TI  - ["Appendicide"].

PMID- 4068810
TI  - [Tobacco and gastric secretion].

PMID- 4068812
TI  - [Hepatic actinomycosis secondary to perforation of the gallbladder].

PMID- 4068813
TI  - [Calcified cerebral hydatid cyst in a patient with abdominal hydatidosis].

PMID- 4068814
TI  - [Transient ischemic cerebrovascular accident. Current concepts].

PMID- 4068815
TI  - [Treatment of peripheral ischemia secondary to ergotism with nifedipine].

PMID- 4068816
TI  - [Mortality maps and health needs of the population].

PMID- 4068817
TI  - [Isoniazid poisoning at lethal doses].

PMID- 4068818
TI  - [Fulminant hepatitis in a heroin addict caused by coinfection by B and delta
      viruses].

PMID- 4068819
TI  - [Effect of the intravenous administration of amiodarone on the blood
      concentrations of thyroid hormones and thyrotropin].

PMID- 4068820
TI  - [Primary peritonitis in the nephrotic syndrome].

PMID- 4068821
TI  - [Castleman's disease, plasma cell type, mesenteric, with important systemic
      impact].

PMID- 4068822
TI  - [Oral lisuride in Parkinson's disease].

PMID- 4068823
TI  - [Smouldering myeloma: a condition closer to idiopathic monoclonal gammopathy than
      to multiple myeloma].

PMID- 4068824
TI  - [Current trends in bacterial taxonomy].

PMID- 4068825
TI  - [Chronic cerebral vascular pathology].

PMID- 4068826
TI  - [Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. A subgroup of systemic lupus
      erythematosus?].

PMID- 4068827
TI  - [Viral hepatitis B transmitted by acupuncture].

PMID- 4068828
TI  - [Annular granuloma and diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 4068830
TI  - Symposium on sleep apnea disorders.

PMID- 4068829
TI  - [Refractory anemia, thrombocytosis and deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5].

PMID- 4068831
TI  - On-line prescription order and prescription support in an integrated hospital
      information system.

PMID- 4068832
TI  - Cancer registration using a microcomputer.

PMID- 4068833
TI  - ISIS: interactive statistical information system for a prospective study of
      fracture of the proximal femur in the elderly.

PMID- 4068834
TI  - EMG signal processing: an in-service aid.

PMID- 4068835
TI  - [The DMA test can be used as a clinical routine in non-invasive liver function
      evaluation].

PMID- 4068836
TI  - [Psychological reaction after myocardial infarction. Description and
      suggestions].

PMID- 4068837
TI  - [Be careful with fixation devices in hip surgery].

PMID- 4068838
TI  - [Early natural course after TIA--more active prevention?].

PMID- 4068839
TI  - [Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy--a new method in urinary tract calculi].

PMID- 4068840
TI  - [Drugs and breast feeding: risks for the child exposed to drugs via breast milk].

PMID- 4068841
TI  - [Chanterelle- and champignon-ileus].

PMID- 4068842
TI  - [Regional mortality variations in middle Sweden].

PMID- 4068843
TI  - [Risk for severe hemorrhagic complication in heparin treatment of
      peritendinitis].

PMID- 4068844
TI  - [Cholestatic icterus caused by anabolic steroids].

PMID- 4068845
TI  - [Warming with a hemodialytic apparatus in hypothermia].

PMID- 4068846
TI  - [An overview for general practitioners. Febrile convulsions in children].

PMID- 4068847
TI  - [Indwelling bladder catheter--not without complications].

PMID- 4068848
TI  - [Duoderm should not be used for distal sores].

PMID- 4068849
TI  - [Ocular complications of diabetes mellitus. A new era with improved therapeutic
      possibilities].

PMID- 4068850
TI  - [Magnetic resonance tomography completes the radiologic diagnosis].

PMID- 4068851
TI  - [Examination of the musculoskeletal system with nuclear magnetic resonance
      (MRI)].

PMID- 4068852
TI  - [Examination of children with nuclear magnetic resonance (MRI)].

PMID- 4068853
TI  - [Good experiences with a newly installed nuclear magnetic resonance camera].

PMID- 4068854
TI  - [Ultrasound diagnosis of branchiogenic neck cysts].
AB  - 16 operatively and histologically proven branchiogenic cysts were evaluated
      sonographically and the contents of some of them were analysed by microscopy and
      chemistry. The echographic appearance of all cysts depended on the frequency of
      the scanheads and ranged from cystic (3.0 MHz) via semi-solid (5.0 MHz) to solid
      (7.5 MHz). This frequency-related sonographic pattern is caused by the high
      amount of cholesterin contained in these cysts and permits diagnosis of a
      branchiogenic cyst.

PMID- 4068855
TI  - [Radiotherapy of precancerous conditions in the ENT area].
AB  - Precancerous lesions of the oral cavity and the larynx are usually treated by
      surgery, because a complete histological examination for detecting an invasive
      carcinoma is important and, on the other hand, modern surgery procedures yield
      very satisfactory functional results. High-dose irradiation of inoperable high
      risk precancerous lesions of the larynx may be taken into account. Experiences in
      the irradiation of inoperable low-risk lesions with different doses are very
      rare. The carcinoma in situ should be treated like an invasive carcinoma. 10
      years of experience in radiotherapy of precancerous lesions of the larynx in 23
      patients are reported.

PMID- 4068856
TI  - [Therapy of esophageal stenoses in recessive epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica].
AB  - Stenosis or complete occlusion of the oesophagus are potentially life-threatening
      complications of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Consequences are
      malnutrition, growth retardation, aspiration, or cachexia. Total replacement of
      the oesophagus by colon interposition has been recommended in such patients. We
      report on successful conservative management. We applied recently developed
      knowledge concerning the defective collagenase involved in this disorder and
      oesophageal dilatation. Phenytoin has been shown to reduce the excessive
      production of collagenase and thereby to diminish blistering of skin and mucous
      membranes and stricture formation of the oesophagus. Stepwise dilatation of
      oesophageal strictures instead of bouginage represents a less traumatic way to
      restore the oesophageal lumen. The lumen can be maintained by soft nasogastric
      feeding tubes which may be removed later on after successful dilatation.
      Oesophageal passage has been maintained for up to 4 years. The management of
      these severe complications of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa requires
      interdisciplinary efforts of dermatologists, internists and
      otorhinolaryngologists.

PMID- 4068857
TI  - [Otologic manifestation of Wegener granulomatosis].
AB  - Ever since Wegener first described the granulomatosis named after him,
      involvement of the middle ear tracts as a consequence of inflammatory changes in
      the nose and the nasopharynx has been known. In recent years there have been a
      remarkable number of reports on a primary affection of the mucosa of the middle
      ear with Wegener's granulomatosis. The corresponding symptoms clearly precede the
      affection of the typical parts of predilection in the upper respiratory tract. A
      37-year old woman patient is reported to have fallen ill with a primary left
      sided serous otitis media. Only several months later the changes typical of
      Wegener's granulomatosis concerning the nasal mucosa, trachea and especially the
      kidneys set in. The differential diagnostic difficulties appear with respect to
      the classification of inflammatory granulomatosis of the mucosa of the middle
      ear. The now valid concept of chemotherapy regarding treatment with
      cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids. Premature therapy can achieve encouragingly
      long remission of a relatively high number of cases of this disease.

PMID- 4068858
TI  - [Documentation of mucous membrane changes in military gas (Lost) exposed
      patients].
AB  - Poison gases, such as "Lost" (bichloroethyl sulfide), which have been known since
      the first World war, and the use of mycotoxins can cause extremely grave
      alterations of the texture of the upper breathing and digestive system. These
      alterations are shown by photographs of three persons, and therapeutical measures
      are documented in a successive space of time. The significance of an early
      tracheotomy for a successful treatment is also mentioned.

PMID- 4068859
TI  - [How is a ranula formed?].
AB  - The origin of a ranula is due to obliteration of a minor duct of the sublingual
      gland. The main excretory duct remains patent.

PMID- 4068860
TI  - [Treatment possibility of nasal valve stenosis].

PMID- 4068861
TI  - [Isolated fractures of the zygomatic arch].

PMID- 4068862
TI  - Meibomian gland adenocarcinoma of the eyelid with preauricular lymph node
      metastasis.
AB  - Meibomian gland carcinomas of the eyelid are rare neoplasms, accounting for less
      than 1% of all eyelid tumors. They usually mimic chalazia and undergo repeated
      curettage before a definitive diagnosis is made. Although they are relatively
      slow growing tumors they behave in an aggressive manner, frequently metastasizing
      to regional lymph nodes. Approximately 50% of the patients who develop metastasis
      to lymph nodes of the neck will survive five years. We present a case of
      meibomian gland carcinoma with preauricular lymph node metastasis, treated with
      orbital exenteration, superficial parotidectomy, and radical neck dissection.

PMID- 4068863
TI  - The masticator space: the influence of CT scanning on therapy.
AB  - The masticator space is an important suprahyoid tissue compartment bounded by the
      superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia, enclosing the ramus of the
      mandible plus the masseteric and pterygoid muscles. Pathology of this space has
      been clinically difficult to diagnose and treat. Twenty-five patients with either
      tumor or infection involving the masticator space who underwent CT scanning were
      evaluated retrospectively. Ten patients had infection and 15 had tumor. CT was
      influential in directing appropriate biopsies or therapy in 24 of 25 patients. It
      misguided therapy once. The gross anatomic and CT appearance of the normal and
      the diseased masticator space is described along with pictures of representative
      cases. A discussion is given of the advantages, disadvantages, and pitfalls of
      computerized tomography of the masticator space.

PMID- 4068864
TI  - Untoward sequelae of prolonged intubation.
AB  - Laryngeal sequelae following prolonged endotracheal intubation are being observed
      with increasing frequency as this technique of airway management is being
      employed for extended periods of time. Many etiologic factors have been
      implicated in the development of these problems with the exact reasons being as
      yet unknown. After reviewing the records of 372 consecutive patients intubated
      over an 18-month period, we have observed an increased frequency of these
      complications in the diabetic female patient and suggest that early tracheostomy
      should be considered in these individuals when the use of prolonged intubation is
      anticipated. The possible pathophysiology of this problem in the diabetic, as
      well as the non-diabetic intubated patient, and its possible prevention will be
      discussed.

PMID- 4068865
TI  - Intratemporal carotid artery bypass in resection of a base of skull tumor.
AB  - Tumors of the skull base with carotid artery involvement have heretofore required
      carotid ligation or been deemed inoperable. Two case reports are presented in
      which en bloc resection of malignant base of skull tumors included removal of a
      portion of the internal carotid artery. In the first case, the tumor was
      primarily in the parapharyngeal space and extended to the base of skull. Partial
      temporal bone resection was carried out to obtain exposure for carotid
      reconstruction. The second case involved an en bloc temporal bone resection for a
      recurrent, malignant, mixed tumor that had invaded the carotid canal.
      Revascularization was achieved in both cases by an autogenous, saphenous vein
      graft. The patients suffered no postoperative ischemic neurologic sequelae. These
      are the first known cases of a carotid bypass with distal anastomosis to the
      intratemporal portion of the internal carotid artery for a malignant base of
      skull neoplasm. The authors propose this procedure as an alternative to carotid
      ligation during surgery of tumors of the skull base requiring carotid resection.

PMID- 4068866
TI  - Internal jugular vein thrombosis.
AB  - Internal jugular vein thrombosis is a vascular disorder that is easily overlooked
      or misdiagnosed. It occurs in a variety of clinical settings which disrupt normal
      blood flow through the internal jugular vein. Intravenous drug abusers represent
      a high risk group in this study. Diagnosis is readily made by computed
      tomography. Seven patients are presented, with discussion of the pathogenesis,
      clinical findings, radiologic features, potential complications, and treatment
      rationale.

PMID- 4068868
TI  - Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty: a comparison of two techniques.
AB  - Two groups of patients undergoing uvulopalatopharyngoplasty were studied. Group I
      patients underwent en bloc resection of tonsils and palate with the line of
      excision less than 1.5 cm anterior to the uvula-soft palate junction. Group II
      patients underwent tonsillectomy followed by palatectomy with a margin 1.5 to 2.0
      cm anterior to the uvula-soft palate junction. Only 1 of 7 patients in Group I
      was objectively improved, whereas 11 of 13 patients in Group II improved. We
      conclude that a generous resection of soft palate and tonsillar tissue is
      mandatory for success of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty procedures.

PMID- 4068867
TI  - Predictive value of Muller maneuver in selection of patients for
      uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.
AB  - Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is an effective treatment for some patients with
      obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). A major difficulty has been to select
      those patients who will have a good response to UPPP. Fiberoptic
      nasopharyngoscopy with Muller Maneuver (FNMM) was applied in preoperative
      evaluation of patients with OSAS to identify those in whom greatest pharyngeal
      collapse was in the region of the tonsillar fossae and soft palate. Those with
      pharyngeal changes on FNMM who were considered most likely to respond to surgery
      underwent UPPP. Comparison of pre and postoperative polysomnography reveals
      significant (p less than .001) improvement in indices of severity of OSAS The
      mean apnea index (apneas per hour) was diminished by 72%. Eighty-seven percent of
      patients had greater than 50% reduction in apnea index. Preoperative selection of
      OSAS patients by FNMM increases the likelihood of success of UPPP.

PMID- 4068869
TI  - Nasal surgery in children with cystic fibrosis: complications and risk
      management.
AB  - Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) are predisposed to pansinusitis and nasal
      polyposis and, therefore, require frequent surgery by otolaryngologists. These
      children are at risk to have complications following surgery, both locally, at
      the surgical site, as well as systemically from their underlying pulmonary
      disease. A 20-year retrospective study of children (average census 219 per year)
      revealed 39 children developed nasal polyps and these children required 85 nasal
      polypectomies. No major complications occurred and only three minor complications
      (fever, minor bleeding) were noted. Over 95% of our CF children were able to
      return home in less than 48 hours, and extensive hospital stays appeared not to
      be required.

PMID- 4068870
TI  - Mimetic surgery for the paralyzed face.
AB  - One hundred ten patients with facial nerve paralyses were treated by various
      surgical methods. Eighty-six patients had total facial nerve paralyses and 24 had
      segmental paralyses. In the total paralysis group, 62 patients had oncologic
      procedures or tumor induced paralysis. In the segmental paralysis group, 14
      patients had malignancies. Two patients had idiopathic facial nerve paralysis. In
      the total paralysis group, 59 had neural reconstructions, 7 neuromuscular
      pedicles, and 20 muscle-fascia transpositions. The segmental paralysis group was
      divided into an upper facial palsy group (n = 11) and lower facial palsy group (n
      = 13). Five patients had neural transpositions, 5 had muscle-fascia
      transpositions, and 14 had plastic reconstructions. The results were analyzed by
      various methods and grading systems. The data indicate that neural repairs
      produce better results than muscle-fascia transpositions or plastic
      reconstructions. Within the repairs, the procedures are listed in an hierarchical
      order of cosmetic and functional results. The average follow-up for the entire
      group was 2.8 years. The average follow-up for the neural repair group was 3.2
      years, and for the muscle fascia transpositions, 14.1 months.

PMID- 4068871
TI  - Nasofrontal abscess following rhinoplasty.
AB  - Infections are the most common objective complication following rhinoplasty. They
      may remain localized, extend intracranially, or result in generalized septicemia.
      The most common infections involve the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the nose.
      We report an uncommon case of nasofrontal abscess following a rhinoplasty that
      required aggressive surgical and medical treatment.

PMID- 4068872
TI  - Intraoperative facial nerve monitoring: a comparison of stimulating electrodes.
AB  - Preservation of the facial nerve during acoustic neuroma resection may be
      enhanced by the use of intraoperative electrical stimulation. Although
      stimulation of the extratemporal facial nerve is an effective and established
      procedure, anatomic differences of the intradural facial nerve and its
      microenvironment demand more exacting stimulus protocols. The absence of
      epineurium may make the intradural nerve more susceptible to mechanical or
      electrical trauma while intermittent pooling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the
      cerebellopontine angle may shunt current away from nerve. Four stimulus
      configurations were examined under varying conditions simulating CSF pooling. The
      results indicated that: 1. insulation of stimulating electrodes prevents CSF
      current shunting and allows utilization of a constant current source, and 2.
      monopolar and bipolar configurations demonstrate significantly different
      electrical characteristics which may be employed selectively based upon specific
      clinical goals.

PMID- 4068873
TI  - Delayed vertigo and profound sensorineural hearing loss.
AB  - Episodic vertigo, similar to that of Meniere's disease, can occasionally develop
      years to decades after an ear has suffered a profound sensorineural hearing loss.
      Although the pathogenesis of this process is unknown, it is theorized that
      delayed endolymphatic hydrops develops. An inflammatory reaction could cause
      obstruction of the endolymphatic duct or interfere with venous drainage from the
      region of the endolymphatic sac, leading to hydrops. This condition is reviewed,
      and two adult patients with severe episodic vertigo and a unilateral profound
      sensorineural hearing loss which occurred in childhood are presented. Their
      evaluation and management are discussed.

PMID- 4068875
TI  - Office myringoplasty.

PMID- 4068874
TI  - Excision of suprastomal granulation tissue.

PMID- 4068876
TI  - A review of laser surgery in the U.S.S.R.

PMID- 4068877
TI  - Preliminary investigative studies with PDT in dermatologic and plastic surgery.
AB  - PDT has been shown to be of value in inoperable basal and squamous skin cancers
      and in cutaneous metastases. Azone, a new investigative vehicle for HpD, is of
      value more for intralesional injections than for topical applications in tumors,
      except perhaps for superficial mucous membrane lesions. The more flexible gold
      head vapor is of definite value in the PDT program. For test models for PDT
      studies in dermatology and plastic surgery with HpD and other fluorochromes,
      single thickened resistant plaques of psoriasis and the common baso squamous
      acanthoma (seborrheic warty growth) have been used. In all these studies,
      adequate controls are necessary.

PMID- 4068878
TI  - The comparative effects of the argon, Nd: YAG, and argon-pumped dye lasers on
      human platelets and erythrocytes in vitro.
AB  - The effects of three lasers, Argon, Nd:YAG, and Argon-pumped Dye, on three types
      of platelet preparations were evaluated. Either EDTA or buffered citrate served
      as anticoagulants. Platelets separated from plasma and suspended in buffer showed
      no decrease in counts following lasering, but morphologic damage was evident with
      transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In platelet-rich plasma, a fall in counts
      was noted for the Argon and the YAG (at high energy only) but was absent when the
      Dye laser was employed. Morphologic damage (TEM), however, was noted with all
      three lasers. When whole blood preparations were used, more marked changes in
      both RBCs and platelets were seen in samples collected in EDTA compared with
      citrated samples. Morphologic damage (TEM) to platelets and RBCs occurred with
      all three lasers. An artifactual increase in "platelet counts," the appearance of
      spherocytes, and an increase in plasma Hb indicated RBC injury. Both platelets
      and erythrocytes were sensitive to variations in power (wattage) despite constant
      total energy delivery.

PMID- 4068879
TI  - Transvenous ablation of the atrioventricular conduction system by laser
      irradiation under endoscopic control.
AB  - We report ten successful experiments of transvenous destruction of the His bundle
      by laser radiation. An endoscope coupled with a special laser catheter was
      introduced through the jugular vein into the right atrium of dogs. The tip of the
      laser catheter was positioned in front of A-V conduction system under visual
      control using anatomic landmarks. Injection of saline solution coaxial with the
      laser power-transmitting fiber was performed before and during laser coagulation.
      Twenty watts constant wave Nd-YAG laser operating at 1.06 micron was enough to
      produce complete A-V block in approximately 15 sec. The safety of the proposed
      technique is especially discussed.

PMID- 4068880
TI  - Histological studies of myocardium zones irradiated with Nd-YAG laser.
AB  - Histological investigation of the dog's myocardium performed 7 and 25 days after
      irradiation with different doses of Nd-YAG laser show that the damage zone has
      the shape of a hollow sphere with minor changes in cardiomyocytes in the central
      part of the sphere. The small blood vessels in the irradiated zone remained
      undamaged as well. A tentative explanation of the physical process that leads to
      this type of coagulation zone is given.

PMID- 4068881
TI  - Education of the laser surgeon.

PMID- 4068883
TI  - Status quo and new horizons of laser therapy in neurosurgery.
AB  - Eight years of experience with the CO2 laser and 4 years experience with the
      neodymium laser in 737 neurosurgical cases are presented with absolute and
      relative indications and observations. Future developments are discussed.

PMID- 4068882
TI  - Photodynamic therapy of gynecologic neoplasms after presensitization with
      hematoporphyrin derivative.
AB  - Five patients with various gynecologic neoplasms were treated with photodynamic
      therapy using 630-nm light delivered from an argon dye laser system following the
      intravenous injection of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD). A patient with
      multifocal squamous cell cancer of the vagina had no evidence of disease 15
      months after her first photodynamic therapy treatment. Autopsy nine months after
      the first treatment of another patient with multifocal invasive cancer of the
      vagina and parametrium showed no evidence of tumor on the surface of the vagina.
      Eight months after treatment of an 8 X 12 cm area of Bowen's disease of the vulva
      and thigh, there was no evidence of disease. Vaginal bleeding from breast cancer
      metastatic to the endometrium was controlled by one treatment until the patient
      expired five months later from her disease. Adenocarcinoma metastatic to the
      vaginal cuff showed partial response when vaginectomy was performed five weeks
      after photodynamic therapy.

PMID- 4068885
TI  - Electroresection followed by neodymium-YAG laser photocoagulation of the dog
      prostate for establishment of safety parameters.
AB  - Electroresection of the prostate followed by Nd-YAG laser coagulation of residual
      prostate was carried out in eight dogs. All dogs voided spontaneously without
      significant bleeding in the immediate postoperative period. At the time of
      sacrifice in 6 to 8 weeks, no damage to adjacent tissue was seen on microscopic
      examination. Re-epithelization had occurred. This study suggests that the
      addition of neodymium-YAG coagulation to residual tissue after TURP in humans can
      be done safely.

PMID- 4068884
TI  - Investigating the CO2 laser for plantar digital neurectomy in horses.
AB  - A histological study of plantar digital nerve sections cut with a carbon dioxide
      laser in horses was conducted. A series of nerve cuts were made with variable
      power densities to determine the appropriate theoretical level which would yield
      the most desired tissue effects. Power densities in the lower ranges used
      appeared to provide tissue effects judged most likely to prevent neuroma
      formation through increased thermal sealing of the proximal stump at the axon
      level. Clinical observation and follow-up of horses subjected to laser neurectomy
      tend to support the reported concept that the laser is superior to conventional
      instruments for prevention of painful neuroma in peripheral nerves.

PMID- 4068886
TI  - [Trends in family planning in Croatia].

PMID- 4068887
TI  - [Uteroplacental blood circulation in normal pregnancy].

PMID- 4068888
TI  - [The reliability of data on deaths due to coronary disease in routine statistics
      in Croatia].

PMID- 4068889
TI  - [Seasonal distribution of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli (1
      September 1982--31 August 1983)].

PMID- 4068890
TI  - [Correlation of ventilatory tests with mean pulmonary artery pressure at rest and
      under stress in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease].

PMID- 4068891
TI  - [Radiologic characteristics of hypophosphatasia--case report].

PMID- 4068892
TI  - [Use of planigraphy and endoscopy in the diagnosis of rhinoliths].

PMID- 4068893
TI  - [Cytologic analysis of urine in the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma].

PMID- 4068894
TI  - Attenuation of inhibitory processes in the central nervous system by tetanus
      toxin: an in vitro study on rat hippocampal slices.
AB  - The influence of tetanus toxin on the efficiency of recurrent inhibition in the
      rat hippocampal slice was tested. The efficiency of the recurrent inhibition
      diminished in a dose-dependent manner following incubation of the slices with
      tetanus toxin. The effect was not observed in the slices preincubated for 3 hours
      with neuraminidase from Vibrio cholerae. This treatment reduces markedly the
      level of polysialogangliosides (receptor for tetanus toxin). It is concluded that
      tetanus toxin influences the efficiency of some inhibitory synapses in the
      central nervous system and that a certain level of polysialogangliosides is
      necessary for tetanus toxin to exert its action.

PMID- 4068895
TI  - Further studies on the ethanol antagonism exhibited by 2(2-chloro-5
      trifluoromethyl phenylimino) imidazolidine (St 587).
AB  - A lipid soluble alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist 2-(2-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl
      phenylimino) imidazolidine (St 587) dose-dependently antagonized the hypnotic,
      hypothermic and respiratory depressant effects of ethanol in C57B1/6 mice. This
      effect was present whether St 587 was given before or after ethanol. St 587 did
      not block the pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis. It also did not influence the
      elimination of ethanol. Combined treatment with a subhypnotic dose of ethanol and
      St 587 resulted in marked hyperactivity in mice. This effect was completely
      abolished by pimozide pretreatment. It was inferred that the dopamine released
      from brain areas by this dose of ethanol together with the norepinephrine
      receptor activation offered by St 587 resulted in this hyperactivity. Cirazoline,
      a more potent alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist than St 587 was relatively more
      effective than the latter in blocking the ethanol-induced hypnosis in mice. It
      seems that alpha 1-adrenoceptor stimulation is a major contributing factor to the
      ethanol antagonism exerted by St 587. This drug might prove to be useful in the
      treatment of acute ethanol intoxication and in understanding the mode of action
      of ethanol.

PMID- 4068896
TI  - Cerebral biochemical abnormalities in experimental maternal phenylketonuria:
      gangliosides and sialoglycoproteins.
AB  - The present study sought a biochemical explanation for retarded brain development
      in the heterozygous offspring of the phenylketonuric (PKU) mother. Two rat models
      of simulated maternal PKU, one induced by p-chlorophenylalanine and phenylalanine
      and the other by phenylacetate, were employed in this investigation. Maternal PKU
      had no influence on cerebral concentrations of DNA, protein, and cholesterol,
      which were normal in the 2 d old pup. However, there was a noticeable disruption
      of the normal ganglioside pattern and a significant reduction of
      sialoglycoproteins. Concomitant with a delayed drop in the gangliosides Q1b and
      D3, was a slower rise in M1 and D1a. At least 66% of sialoglycoproteins located
      on SDS-PAGE gel chromatograms, by radioactivity incorporated in vivo from
      radiolabeled N-acetylmannosamine and by (3H) sialic acid released by
      Neuraminidase from periodate-(3H)borohydride labeled glycoproteins, have
      mobilities of the cell adhesion molecules N-CAM and D-CAM. Whether the reduction
      of the sialoglycoproteins induced by maternal PKU is mainly in these cell
      adhesion molecules requires further investigation. Interference with the function
      of gangliosides and certain sialoglycoproteins during cerebral development may
      contribute to the brain dysfunction observed in the offspring of PKU mothers not
      on diet control during pregnancy.

PMID- 4068897
TI  - Nimodipine's interactions with other drugs: II. Diazepam.
AB  - Adult Binghamton Heterogeneous (HET) stock mice were administered one of three
      doses of diazepam (0.1, 2.5, or 5.0 mg/kg) immediately followed by a second
      injection of either the slow calcium channel blocker, nimodipine (Bay e 9736), or
      its vehicle. Hypothermic responses and muscular incoordination were measured
      twenty and sixty minutes later as assessed by changes in rectal temperature and
      motoric activity on a rotating rod. Nimodipine (5 mg/kg) alone did not
      significantly affect body temperature or motor coordination. However, when
      administered in combination with the two highest doses of diazepam, nimodipine
      significantly potentiated the hypothermic response produced by these doses both
      twenty minutes and sixty minutes post-injection. Administration of high doses of
      diazepam (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) resulted in significant motor incoordination at both
      observation periods, but this effect was not potentiated by nimodipine.

PMID- 4068898
TI  - Estrogen receptors in the wobbler mouse.
AB  - Recent research has raised the interesting possibility that the neurological
      mutant mouse, wobbler (wr/wr), possesses an estrogen receptor deficit analogous
      to the androgen receptor deficiency found in androgen-resistant mice with
      testicular feminization. In the present report we examined estrogen-binding
      activity in cytosolic extracts of kidney, liver, and brain from wobbler mice,
      littermate control animals, and C57BL/6J mice, using DNA-cellulose
      chromatography. Estrogen binding components exhibiting properties of estrogen
      receptors were present in all tissues examined. Estrogen receptors adhered to
      DNA, displayed characteristic elution profiles from DNA-cellulose, and showed
      high affinity and limited capacity for estradiol, in contrast to non-receptor
      entities which bind estradiol. The qualitative elution patterns for estrogen
      receptors did not differ among groups within each tissue studied, and were
      similar to those reported previously in mouse kidney and brain. While estrogen
      receptors have been shown in mouse liver by other techniques, this is the first
      demonstration of putative estrogen receptors in mouse liver by DNA-cellulose
      chromatography. No consistent deficits in estrogen receptor concentration were
      found in wobblers compared to littermates. Thus, the data do not support the
      hypothesis that the wobbler mouse is an estrogen receptor-deficient mutant.

PMID- 4068899
TI  - Dietary tyrosine suppresses the rise in plasma corticosterone following acute
      stress in rats.
AB  - Acute, uncontrollable stress increases norepinephrine (NE) turnover in the rat's
      brain (depleting NE) and diminishes the animal's subsequent tendency to explore a
      novel environment. Pre-treatment with tyrosine can reverse these adverse effects
      of stress, presumably by preventing the depletion of NE in the hypothalamus.
      Numerous studies suggest that NE inhibits the release of adrenocorticotropic
      hormone (ACTH) by suppressing corticotropic releasing factor (CRF) secretion in
      the hypothalamus. In the present study, we found that pre-treatment with
      supplemental tyrosine not only prevented the behavioral depression and
      hypothalamic NE depletion observed after an acute stress, but also suppressed the
      rise in plasma corticosterone. These results support a role for brain NE in
      stress-induced corticosterone secretion and demonstrate that supplemental
      tyrosine can protect against several adverse consequences of such stress.

PMID- 4068900
TI  - Chronic cigarette sidestream smoke exposure increases rat trachea ornithine
      decarboxylase activity.
AB  - The effect of chronic cigarette smoke exposure on the activity of rat trachea and
      lung ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and s-adenosyl-methionine decarboxylase
      (AdoMet-DC) was determined. Male rats were exposed once daily for 10 min to
      mainstream (MS) or different sidestream (SS) dilutions of fresh Kentucky 2R1
      cigarette smoke or air (sham) for 4, 8 or 20 weeks. Eight weeks of MS smoke
      significantly increased lung and trachea ODC activity. All dilutions of SS smoke
      exposure caused significant increases in trachea ODC activity, but SS smoke did
      not influence lung ODC activity. The data demonstrate that long term exposure to
      passive smoke generated from cigarettes can increase rat trachea ODC activity.

PMID- 4068901
TI  - Variation in threshold and pattern of electroshock-induced seizures in rats
      depending on site of stimulation.
AB  - Although most laboratories employ transcorneal stimulation as a means of
      producing electroshock seizures, transauricular stimulation is also used by many
      investigators. The present study shows that seizures produced with transcorneal
      electroshock differ from those produced by transauricular electroshock in several
      ways: transauricular stimulation is more effective at eliciting tonic
      convulsions; the threshold for clonus is lower when transcorneal electrodes are
      used; and the face and forelimb clonus produced by transcorneal stimulation
      cannot be produced with transauricular stimulation at any current. The present
      findings are consistent with the hypothesis that tonic seizures are more easily
      triggered with transauricular stimulation because they originate in the brainstem
      and because this brain region is preferentially activated when ear-clip
      electrodes are used.

PMID- 4068902
TI  - Constant rate of infusion--improvement of tests for teratogenicity and
      embryotoxicity.
AB  - Sodium salicylate was used as a model substance to investigate whether the
      embryotoxic effects on rat fetuses varies between two modes of administration. A
      marked increase in fetal adverse effects was observed at analgetic doses with the
      once-a-day bolus regimen compared to the constant rate input. The difference was
      less marked at antirheumatic levels.

PMID- 4068903
TI  - Elevated plasma vasopressin in cardiomyopathic hamsters.
AB  - Hamsters of the BIO 14.6 strain characteristically develop cardiomyopathy as they
      age, and hamsters of this strain have overt signs of heart failure by 11 months
      of age. Plasma levels of the posterior pituitary hormone arginine-vasopressin
      (AVP) were found to be elevated (approximately 2-fold) in 11 month old BIO 14.6
      hamsters, compared to age-matched hamsters of a control strain. AVP appeared
      inappropriately elevated in these animals, since they were neither hyperosmotic
      nor markedly hypotensive. The elevated levels of AVP observed in these animals
      appears to contribute to vasomotor tone, since intravenous administration of a
      specific antagonist of the vasoconstrictor action of AVP [d(CH2)5Ome(TYR)AVP]
      elicited a fall in arterial pressure (9 +/- 2 mm Hg, n = 6, p less than 0.05).
      The AVP antagonist had no effect on arterial pressure in hamsters of a control
      strain, and vehicle administration had no effect on arterial pressure in either
      strain. These data indicate that inappropriately elevated levels of AVP
      contribute to the cardiovascular state of myopathic hamsters. Since elevated
      plasma AVP has been noted in human congestive heart failure, these results
      suggest that AVP may contribute to the cardiovascular status during congestive
      heart failure.

PMID- 4068904
TI  - Subchronic methamphetamine treatment selectively attenuates apomorphine-induced
      decrease in 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid level in mesolimbic dopaminergic
      regions.
AB  - To investigate mechanisms of behavioral enhancement produced by repeated doses of
      amphetamines, the effects of apomorphine on 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
      (DOPAC) and dopamine (DA) levels were examined in various brain regions of the
      rat on the 4th day of withdrawal after repeated administration of saline or
      methamphetamine (3 mg/kg, s.c.) twice daily for 14 days. Apomorphine (0.1 and 1.0
      mg/kg, i.p.) produced a dose-dependent decrease in DOPAC levels and no effect on
      DA levels in the olfactory tubercle, nucleus accumbens, striatum, frontal and
      cingulate cortices of saline-treated animals. A decrease in DOPAC levels produced
      by a low dose of apomorphine was attenuated selectively in the olfactory tubercle
      and nucleus accumbens of methamphetamine-treated animals. A high dose of
      apomorphine produced a significant decrease in DOPAC levels in both regions. No
      such attenuation was obtained in the striatum and the frontal and cingulate
      cortices. These results suggest that subchronic methamphetamine may induce
      development of hyposensitivity of presynaptic DA receptors in the mesolimbic
      regions, which contribute to the behavioral enhancement produced by the drug.

PMID- 4068905
TI  - Induced chemiluminescence of oxidized fatty acids and oils.
AB  - The injection of a strong organic base into milligram quantities of fats and oils
      dissolved in methylene chloride results in a burst of chemiluminescence whose
      peak intensity is a function of the previous thermal oxidation history and of the
      degree of unsaturation of the starting material. The flash of this induced
      chemiluminescence can be 10(8) times higher than the steady-state "spontaneous"
      chemiluminescence. The kinetics of the induced chemiluminescence are first order
      in concentration and second order in time. The emission spectrum is broad and
      extends into the near infrared. A model based on dioxetane chemiluminescence is
      proposed to explain the observed kinetics.

PMID- 4068906
TI  - Effect of dietary restriction on the plasma apolipoprotein pattern in cholesterol
      fed rabbits.
AB  - Dietary restriction (half of the control ration) was performed in rabbits given
      either standard or cholesterol-rich diets. The plasma apolipoproteins were
      studied on the total, d less than 1.21, lipoprotein fraction using polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. A marked rise in the amount of both apo-B and apo-E appeared
      in cholesterol-fed rabbits and was enhanced by dietary restriction. These results
      reflect the aggravation of hypercholesterolemia when cholesterol feeding is
      carried out in underfed rabbits. In all groups only one molecular species of apo
      B, identified as apo-B-100, was present after overnight fasting. Thus,
      lipoproteins which accumulate in the plasma following cholesterol feeding,
      associated with dietary restriction or not, probably are remnants of hepatogenous
      triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.

PMID- 4068907
TI  - Hydrolysis of intralipid by pancreatic lipase and phospholipase A2-gel filtration
      studies.
AB  - Intralipid was incubated with pancreatic lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) and/or phospholipase
      A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) at two bile salts/phosphatidylcholine molar ratios and at two
      different triglyceride hydrolysis rates using various amounts of lipase.
      Incubations were studied by gel filtration. Results show: During lipase action,
      three phases of lipids coexist: an emulsified phase, a micellar phase and an
      intermediate heavy phase sized between the two others. The equilibrium between
      each phase is dependent upon the bile salts concentration. Under these
      conditions, pancreatic lipase was at 60% bound to the emulsified phase, whereas
      pancreatic phospholipase A2 was bound at 94% to the micellar phase.

PMID- 4068908
TI  - Quantitative relationships between dietary linoleate and prostaglandin
      (eicosanoid) biosynthesis.
AB  - Essential fatty acid deficiency consistently depresses eicosanoid (prostaglandin
      E2, F2, and I2 and thromboxane) biosynthesis independent of sampling protocols.
      Tissue fatty acid analyses support the hypothesis that the decrease is due in
      part to depression of arachidonate and accumulation of eicosatrienoate (n-9).
      Research on the alteration of eicosanoid biosynthesis by dietary linoleate
      supplementation is reviewed extensively. Responses of whole blood, lung, liver
      and heart eicosanoid synthesis to feeding eight concentrations of dietary
      linoleate between 0 and 27 energy percent are reported. It is concluded that
      stimulation, depression and no change in eicosanoid production could be equally
      well documented as a response to linoleate supplementation. Evidence for the
      obvious mechanism that alterations in precursor fatty acid composition are a
      possible explanation is fragmentary and inconsistent. The appropriate sampling
      techniques appear not to be established at this time and most likely are species,
      gender and tissue specific.

PMID- 4068909
TI  - Effect of moderate to very low fat defined formula diets on serum lipids in
      healthy subjects.
AB  - Serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and
      triglyceride levels were studied in healthy male and female subjects consuming
      for one-week periods a diet of conventional food (CF) providing 42% of energy as
      fat, principally butter fat, and then in random order nutritionally complete,
      defined formula diets of moderate (32%) to very low (1%) fat content. Compared to
      CF, the formula with 32% of energy as corn oil lowered serum cholesterol by 25%
      and the ratio of total to HDL-cholesterol by 13%. Low (9%) and very low (1-3%)
      fat formulas reduced HDL-cholesterol by as much as 40%, raised the total:HDL
      cholesterol ratio by about 20% and raised serum triglyceride levels by as much as
      100%. When low and very low fat formulas were ingested for three weeks, these
      effects persisted although maximal responses occurred during the first week.
      These results demonstrated that a moderate fat formula diet with a high P/S ratio
      had a more favorable effect on serum lipid levels than various low fat formulas.
      Low fat conventional food diets should be studied in long-term controlled
      metabolic experiments before such diets are recommended to the general population
      for coronary heart disease or cancer prevention.

PMID- 4068912
TI  - Amnesias, law and modern psychiatry. A comprehensive approach of a psychiatrist,
      lawyer and psychologist.

PMID- 4068910
TI  - Suppression of cholesterogenesis by plant constituents: review of Wisconsin
      contributions to NC-167.
AB  - In animals, non-sterol metabolites of the mevalonate pathway act independently
      from receptor-mediated cholesterol uptake in the multivalent feedback regulation
      of mevalonate biosynthesis. Studies leading to the isolation and characterization
      of plant-borne suppressors of mevalonate biosynthesis are reviewed. We propose
      that one cardio-protective component of the vegetarian diet consists of a variety
      of non-sterol, post-mevalonate metabolites. These products of plant branches of
      the mevalonate pathway, discarded as animals evolved, continue to influence
      animal sterol metabolism. It is through this action, we propose, that the
      cholesterol-suppressive action of plant materials is expressed.

PMID- 4068911
TI  - Cholesterol metabolism in relation to aging and dietary fat in rats and humans.
AB  - A review of research in the authors' laboratories regarding effects of dietary
      fat polyunsaturation upon longevity in rats and some aspects of the regulation of
      cholesterol metabolism with regard to age of rats and humans is presented. The
      longevity of the rat was found to be enhanced by consumption of dietary fat
      providing a polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid (P/S) ratio of 0.3 to 1,
      corresponding to about 5-12% of energy (en%) as linoleate, compared with less or
      more polyunsaturated fat. Mechanisms of the effects of the fats upon cholesterol
      metabolism were studied. With advancing age, there seems to be a decline in the
      rate of catabolism of cholesterol, resulting in longer retention in the body of
      the rat. In the human, there seems to be a decline in regulation of uptake of
      cholesterol by leukocytes and, therefore, perhaps other tissues, resulting in
      increased synthesis of cholesterol by the peripheral tissues. Moderate rather
      than high dietary consumption of polyunsaturated fat seems to be favorable to
      metabolic processes contributing to longevity.

PMID- 4068913
TI  - Geriatric medical education: integrating legal and ethical issues.

PMID- 4068914
TI  - Urbanization, industrialization, smoking and lung cancer in Europe, 1955-1974.

PMID- 4068915
TI  - Psychiatric evaluations of criminal defendants: their rights in the USA.

PMID- 4068916
TI  - Negligence without malpractice. Broadening liability for psychiatrists who
      release dangerous mental patients.

PMID- 4068917
TI  - The sexual abuse of children within the family.

PMID- 4068918
TI  - Reflections on the new French law of 23 December 1980 relating to the repression
      of rape and other immoral offences.

PMID- 4068919
TI  - Sexual reformation and counterreformation in law and medicine.

PMID- 4068920
TI  - The use of an unauthorized drug by a terminally ill person.

PMID- 4068921
TI  - Changing patterns in the medical laboratory.

PMID- 4068922
TI  - Use of water-soluble polymers in the preparation of blood group diagnostic
      reagents.

PMID- 4068923
TI  - Estimation of paracetamol.

PMID- 4068924
TI  - Assessment of fibrin monomer polymerisation using a microcomputer.

PMID- 4068925
TI  - The role of mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width in platelet
      counting.

PMID- 4068926
TI  - Analysis of bacterial species and antibiotic susceptibility patterns using a
      microcomputer: an outline of one year's experience.

PMID- 4068927
TI  - Interpretation of disc diffusion susceptibility tests: a comparison of methods.

PMID- 4068928
TI  - Microwave processing of dehydrated culture media.

PMID- 4068929
TI  - The clinical significance of urinary tract infection: and some thoughts about the
      future.

PMID- 4068930
TI  - Developments in the study of bacterial enterotoxins.

PMID- 4068931
TI  - A solid-phase red cell adherence test for platelet cross-matching.

PMID- 4068932
TI  - Haemoglobin measurement and blood protein precipitation with automated cell
      counters.

PMID- 4068933
TI  - An anti-fucose agglutinin in the ova of Dicentrarchus labrax.

PMID- 4068934
TI  - Decision maker, quantify thyself!

PMID- 4068935
TI  - A test of a linear discriminant for identifying low-risk abdominal pain.
AB  - This study tests a previously published decision rule for identifying nonspecific
      abdominal pain (NSAP). The rule, developed for ambulatory male patients in two
      Veterans Administration (VA) facilities and a prepaid group practice, was studied
      in an additional 110 VA patients and in 77 patients (predominantly female) from a
      solo private practice. The group of 58 patients (33%) classified as "low-risk"
      rarely had abnormal laboratory tests or radiographs, except for upper
      gastrointestinal series; 15 of these patients had potentially serious disease.
      Peptic ulcer was the specific diagnosis most often misclassified as NSAP. The
      accuracy of the rule in our population is similar to the accuracy of the judgment
      of experienced clinicians.

PMID- 4068936
TI  - Serum potassium testing in diuretic-treated outpatients. A multivariate approach.
AB  - We evaluated risk factors for abnormal serum potassium (K+) concentrations in
      5817 outpatients on chronic diuretic therapy. Hypokalemia (K+ less than 3.5
      meq/L) occurred in 18.8 percent at the last clinic measurement. Hyperkalemia (K+
      greater than 5.5) was rare (0.5%) and was even less common in those also taking
      KCl or a K+ sparing drug (0.2%). Hypokalemic patients were younger, healthier,
      more often hypertensive, more commonly taking a thiazide diuretic, and more
      likely to have been hypokalemic in the past. Hyperkalemic patients were older,
      more often suffering from heart or renal failure, and more commonly taking
      furosemide. Logistic regression analysis yielded eight variables that contributed
      significantly to the prediction of hypokalemia: mean and most recent serum K+,
      thiazide use, the use and duration of use of potassium-sparing diuretics, age,
      and most recent serum sodium and bicarbonate determinations. The regression
      equation allowed us to identify a group of patients (63% of the total) at low
      risk for hypokalemia (K+ less than 3.5 in 9.4%; K+ less than 3.0 in 0.5%) and
      another group (37% of the total) at high risk for hypokalemia (K+ less than 3.5
      in 35%; K+ less than 3.0 in 5%). Information about the risk of hypokalemia can be
      used to decide when to measure serum potassium concentration in individual
      diuretic-treated outpatients.

PMID- 4068937
TI  - [Spectrophotometric study of metronidazole transformations].

PMID- 4068938
TI  - [Electrocardiographic data during irradiation of the mediastinum in patients with
      lymphogranulomatosis].

PMID- 4068939
TI  - [Thermography in the diagnosis of recurrences of rectal cancer].
AB  - Thermography results of 126 patients were analysed for the diagnosis of
      recurrences of rectal cancer. Sixteen patients were examined after radical
      operations for rectal cancer without signs of recurrence to study the features of
      a thermal regimen in this area. The examination included thermoscopy,
      thermography and distant thermometry. The presence of the zone of hyperthermia in
      the perineum with the involvement of the sacral region and the coccygeal bone
      after extirpation of the rectum was shown to indicate cancer recurrence. The
      coincidence of thermography findings with those of computerized and ultrasound
      tomography was observed in 81.7% of the cases. As a result of a perineal fistula,
      chronic prostatitis, etc., false positive results of thermography were marked in
      17 (18.3%) patients. False negative results were not observed. A rise of local
      temperature from +0.5 to 1 degrees C was considered suspicious of cancer
      recurrence. These patients were actively followed up and it allowed one to
      confirm cancer recurrence in them after 3-6 mos. The use of thermography as a
      screening test made it possible to detect cancer recurrence and to define a high
      risk group in need of an active follow up and more thorough clinical examination.

PMID- 4068940
TI  - [Enhancement of ionizing radiation effects on transplantable cerebral gliomas
      using short-term hyperglycemia].
AB  - Experiments were staged on rats with transplantable anaplastic cerebral right
      hemisphere astrocytomas. Hyperglycemia was induced by means of intraperitoneal
      fractional administration of 40% glucose solution. Single local x-ray tumor
      irradiation followed on the 4-5th, 7-8th and 10-12th days after strain
      transplantation at the doses of 30 and 40 Gy without hyperglycemia and in
      combination with it. The irradiation effect was assessed by the mean survival
      time of the animals. Hyperglycemia was shown to increase significantly radiation
      injury of highly resistant experimental malignant cerebral glial tumors.

PMID- 4068941
TI  - [Radionuclide study of liver hemodynamics].
AB  - A new method for processing the results of radionuclide studies on the liver
      blood circulation was proposed. It permitted assessing the state of the liver
      vascular network by a system of indicators having a specific physiological
      meaning: the ratio of functioning volumes of the vascular bed of the arterial and
      portal systems, the general, arterial and portal liver blood circulation in
      cardiac output fractions. The application of the method to radionuclide studies
      on the liver blood circulation in 5 healthy persons and 15 patients with
      metastatic liver lesions showed its efficacy and clinicodiagnostic significance.

PMID- 4068942
TI  - [Kinetics of the cell population of transplantable murine B-16 melanoma after
      administration of mercaptoundecahydrododecaborate enriched with 10B].
AB  - The kinetics of DNA-synthesizing cells and melanocytes in the peripheral and
      central zones of transplantable B-16 mouse melanoma was studied by the cytometry
      and autoradiography methods at varying time after single administration of
      mercaptoundecahydrododecaborate saturated by 10B, a drug used for neutron capture
      therapy of malignant tumors. The drug was shown to induce proliferation and
      differentiation on the 1st day after injection (on the 8th day after
      transplantation). In the next 2 days proliferation did not change and
      differentiation was inhibited. The stimulation of proliferation and
      differentiation was more noticeable on tumor periphery, differentiation
      inhibition in tumor center.

PMID- 4068943
TI  - [Use of immunoglobulins for modifying damage to rats from incorporated
      radionuclides].

PMID- 4068944
TI  - [Effect of light on the survival of experimental animals exposed to ionizing
      radiation].
AB  - The correlation between radiation injury and light and dark regimen after x-ray
      irradiation was studied in experiments on mice and rabbits. Irradiation dose for
      mice was 0.17 Cl/kg (650 P), for rabbits 0.23 Cl/kg (1100 P). For 30 days before
      irradiation the experimental groups were kept 22 h a day in the darkness and 2 h
      under artificial illumination. The control animals were kept under conditions of
      normal day and light alternation. The data obtained suggest that darkness is a
      factor enhancing radiation injury.

PMID- 4068945
TI  - [Systematic approach to the training of young scientists and specialists].

PMID- 4068946
TI  - [ECG indices in dogs after inhalation of 239Pu].
AB  - Dogs of both sexes aged 2 to 4 were subjected to inhalation inoculation with
      polymer 239Pu or submicron 239PuO2 aerosols in amounts close to acute, subacute
      and chronically effective ones. ECG was recorded in standard, amplified and
      single leads (V3). All calculations were done by lead II. Signs of the right
      heart overburdening were noted in the presence of the P-pulmonale complex, deep
      S1 wave or cardiac electrical axis of SI-SII-SIII type. Signs of the right heart
      overburdening were revealed after inhalation of polimer 239Pu (70%). The absence
      of similar changes in damage caused by 239Pu could be attributed to its fast
      resorption from the lungs resulting in more moderate lesion of the respiratory
      organs.

PMID- 4068947
TI  - [Use of mathematical methods and computers in roentgenologic and radiologic
      studies].

PMID- 4068948
TI  - [Effect of x-ray spectrum transformation on bone marrow dose].
AB  - A study was made of change of the spectrum (spectral transformation) of x-ray
      radiation while passing through the soft tissue. Thirty-two depth spectra
      computed by the Monte-Carlo method and 16 experimentally measured spectra
      including 9 depth spectra taken from literature, were analysed. A method of the
      calculation of an absorbed dose in the red bone marrow with account of spectral
      transformation was described. It was shown that neglect of this factor caused
      regular underestimation of the assessment of medullary doses, patients were
      exposed to, during x-ray procedures. The error can reach 40% for doses at local
      points of the red bone marrow and 1-7% for mean medullary doses with regard to
      the type of x-ray procedure and regimen of its performance.

PMID- 4068949
TI  - [Evaluation of the diagnostic significance of radionuclide tests based on
      decision theory].

PMID- 4068950
TI  - Changes in the law relating to death certification and coroners.

PMID- 4068951
TI  - A question of privilege.

PMID- 4068952
TI  - A policeman's view of data protection.

PMID- 4068953
TI  - The Press's view of data protection.

PMID- 4068954
TI  - Sudden death resulting from inhalation of fire extinguishers containing
      bromochlorodifluoromethane.

PMID- 4068955
TI  - The post-mortem temperature plateau--fact or fiction?

PMID- 4068956
TI  - Microscopic diffuse axonal injury in cases of head injury.

PMID- 4068957
TI  - Liability and in-vitro fertilization.

PMID- 4068959
TI  - Delusions of poisoning.

PMID- 4068958
TI  - Motives for arson (fire raising).

PMID- 4068960
TI  - Patient assaults on staff in a psychiatric hospital: a two-year retrospective
      study.

PMID- 4068961
TI  - Crowds, mobs and riots.

PMID- 4068962
TI  - Kinematics and kinetics of the dead lift in adolescent power lifters.
AB  - This study documented characteristics of the dead lift of teenage lifters. Films
      of 10 "skilled" and 11 "unskilled" contestants in a Michigan Teenage Powerlifting
      Championship provided data for analysis. Equations of motion, force, and moments
      were developed for a multisegment model of the lifters' movement in the sagittal
      plane and applied to the film data. Analysis was limited to 1) body segment
      orientations, 2) vertical bar accelerations, 3) vertical joint reaction forces,
      4) segmental angular accelerations, 5) horizontal moment arms of the bar to
      selected joints, and 6) intersegmental resultant moments. Significant differences
      (P less than 0.05) in body segment orientation indicated a more upright posture
      at lift-off in the skilled group. Maximum vertical bar acceleration and angular
      acceleration of the trunk tended to occur near lift-off in the skilled lifters.
      The unskilled subjects demonstrated greater variability and magnitude in linear
      and angular acceleration parameters. In all lifters, maximum vertical force was
      experienced at the ankle joint. Within each subject, the hip joint experienced
      the greatest torque because of the relatively large horizontal moment arm of the
      bar (dominant mass in the system) to this joint. In all subjects, the magnitude
      of the mass lifted, and not the technique, was the primary determinant in the
      intersegmental resultant moment acting at the hip and the vertical force
      experienced at the ankle, knee, and hip joints.

PMID- 4068963
TI  - Serum lipoproteins of the Zucker rat in response to an endurance running program.
AB  - Previous studies have concluded that exercise training has resulted in increases
      in cholesterol associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL). However, data
      regarding alterations in triglyceride, cholesterol, and the protein associated
      with the three major lipoproteins in a hyperlipoproteinemic state in response to
      exercise training are not available. Serum lipoprotein levels from normal and
      hyperlipoproteinemic Zucker rats were studied following 9 and 18 wk of treadmill
      running to determine the extent that the three major serum lipoprotein classes
      were affected. Nine weeks of treadmill running reduced serum triglyceride content
      in obese rats (sedentary, 294 +/- 19 [SE]; trained, 128 +/- 40 mg X dl-1) but did
      not affect total serum cholesterol (sedentary, 85 +/- 6; trained, 90 +/- 6 mg X
      dl-1). Serum very low-density lipoprotein from the trained obese rats contained
      lower levels of triglyceride (57%), cholesterol (46%), and protein (61%). HDL
      cholesterol (sedentary, 61 +/- 4; trained, 73 +/- 4 mg X dl-1) was increased by
      14% in the obese rat. In the lean rat, HDL cholesterol was the only lipoprotein
      fraction altered following 9 wk of treadmill running. The data from this study
      indicate that hypertriglyceridemia can be reduced in the obese rat and that HDL
      cholesterol can be increased by physical activity requiring about 70% maximal
      aerobic capacity.

PMID- 4068964
TI  - Responses of endurance-trained subjects to caloric deficits induced by diet or
      exercise.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 7 d of caloric deficit
      (1,000 kcal X d-1) induced by diet or exercise on weight loss and exercise
      performance of six endurance-trained males. The diet of each subject was
      controlled during the weeks preceding the dietary restriction and exercise to
      normalize nitrogen balance. Weight and blood chemistries were monitored daily.
      Submaximal and maximal exercise responses were tested at the end of each week.
      Weight loss during the exercise week was 0.76 kg, significantly less (P less than
      0.05) than in the dietary restriction week (-2.16 kg). Seven d of cumulative
      nitrogen loss was greater (P less than 0.05) during the diet week (-24.5 g) than
      the exercise week (-11.1 g). Resting hematocrit, hemoglobin, total plasma
      protein, and albumin were significantly reduced during the exercise week compared
      to all other weeks. Maximal exercise capacity, measured as VO2 (61 ml X kg-1 X
      min-1) or duration of exercise, was not affected by either method of caloric
      deficit, but R values and lactates were lower than controls for both dieting and
      exercise deficits. The results suggest that endurance-trained individuals lose
      weight more slowly and conserve more protein when using exercise to induce a
      caloric deficit compared to dietary restriction. The results also suggest the
      possibility of the sequestering of blood proteins to supplement muscle protein
      synthesis during periods of exercise-induced caloric deficits.

PMID- 4068965
TI  - Sleep deprivation, physical fatigue, and the perception of exercise intensity.
AB  - This paper presents the results of three experiments to determine the effect of
      sleep deprivation and physical fatigue on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) for
      exercise of short (30 s) and long (15-50 min) duration. In the first, 12 male
      subjects walked on a treadmill, 50 min every 3 h, at 28% of their VO2max for 60 h
      without sleep. The RPE, recorded at the mid-point of each exercise bout,
      increased progressively with sleep loss. In the second experiment, when 12 female
      subjects performed ten 30-s bicycle exercise bouts before and after 54 h without
      sleep, there was no significant increase in RPE. In the third experiment, which
      examined the effect of physical fatigue on RPE, seven males performed two sets of
      ten 30-s bouts of cycle exercise before and after treadmill exercise at 70% of
      their VO2max to voluntary exhaustion. In one set, RPE was recorded; in the other,
      power output was measured. During the treadmill running, increases in RPE were
      observed and attributed to fatigue. This same fatigue caused only small changes
      in RPE and power output for the cycle exercise. The combined data suggest that
      where the exercise is of several minutes' duration, RPE is increased by sleep
      deprivation and by physical fatigue. Where the exercise period is as short as 30
      s, sleep deprivation has no effect and physical fatigue causes only a small
      change in the perception of exercise intensity.

PMID- 4068966
TI  - Acetazolamide and exercise in sojourners to 6,300 meters--a preliminary study.
AB  - To examine the effect of acetazolamide on resting acid-base balance and on
      exercise performance at extreme altitude, we studied four members of the American
      Medical Research Expedition to Mount Everest at an altitude of 6,300 meters.
      After an initial progressive exercise test to exhaustion on a bicycle ergometer,
      subjects were re-studied after taking acetazolamide 250 mg every 8 h for three
      doses. We measured venous blood during rest for determination of hemoglobin,
      hematocrit, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG), bicarbonate, pH, P50, and arterial
      oxygen saturation by ear oximeter. The results showed that pH, bicarbonate, and
      DPG:hemoglobin ratio were lower on acetazolamide, whereas P50 at in vivo
      conditions was unchanged. Exercise ventilation and oxygen consumption for the
      same workload were slightly higher after acetazolamide, whereas VCO2/VO2
      respiratory exchange ratio (R) was lower, and oxygen saturation was unchanged.
      Two of four subjects had decreased time at maximum workload on acetazolamide;
      none had an increased performance. The results of this study show that partial
      carbonic anhydrase inhibition in individuals sojourning to very high altitude
      produces a further base deficit and a metabolic acidosis, stimulates ventilation,
      and may impair maximum exercise performance. Although acetazolamide effectively
      prevents acute mountain sickness, it does not improve performance, and may even
      impair exercise performance at extreme altitude.

PMID- 4068967
TI  - On the concept of the center of percussion.
AB  - This paper briefly reviews the concept of the center of percussion of a rigid
      body, with special emphasis on the requirements for its existence, the two
      complementary methods used to determine its location, and the system parameters
      on which its location depends. A consistent generalization of this concept is
      then proposed for the case when the rigid body is initially moving arbitrarily in
      three-dimensional inertial space and is restrained in such a way that no
      impulsive reaction torque can be applied to the body at the point of restraint.
      The basic requirement for the existence of a center of percussion in this
      generalized case is identified, and the location of the center of percussion is
      obtained using one of the two complementary solution methodologies. Six special
      cases are considered when the existence requirement is satisfied, and these cases
      are illustrated using examples from common sport situations.

PMID- 4068968
TI  - Exercise-induced angina in the cold.
AB  - Exercise-induced angina (AP) is a common complaint of cardiac patients,
      particularly when exercising in the cold. To investigate the effects of
      environmental and inspired air temperature on AP, 9 patients with a history of
      cold-induced AP underwent progressive cycle ergometry tests in a climatic chamber
      on 4 separate occasions: (1) room environment (RE) (24 degrees C), and room
      inspired air (RA) (22.5 degrees C); (2) RE and cold inspired air (CA) (0.7
      degrees C); (3) cold environment (CE) (-7.5 degrees C) and RA; and (4) CE and CA.
      Measurements of oxygen consumption, heart rate, blood pressure, and ventilation
      were made every minute and at test endpoint, which was either AP (85%) or fatigue
      (15% of all tests). Expired air temperature and skin temperature at 5 sites were
      also recorded. Results indicated that angina occurred sooner, and mean exercise
      time was significantly reduced in both RA/CE (-24%) and CA/CE (-15%) when
      compared with the RA/RE. Breathing CA in the RE did not significantly reduce
      exercise tolerance. Skin temperature was lower in both CE's compared to the RE's
      at all sites. Submaximal systolic blood pressure and calculated rate-pressure
      product were significantly higher in the CE's vs RE's. The adverse effects of
      cold on exercising angina patients are due to the earlier onset of angina, which
      appears to be induced more by the effects of exposure to the cold environment (
      7.5 degrees C) than by cold air inhalation (0.7 degrees).

PMID- 4068969
TI  - Lumbar spine loading during half-squat exercises.
AB  - Evaluation of the compressive load acting on the lumbar spine (L3-L4) during half
      squat exercises executed with a barbell resting on the subject's shoulders was
      undertaken. The kinematics of the upper body segments of two male and two female
      subjects as well as the barbell were described using data obtained by means of an
      optoelectronic system (CoSTEL). L3-L4 compressive load was calculated using a
      model of the anatomy of the trunk musculoskeletal system. Filtered surface
      electromyographic trunk flexor recordings from the obliquus externus and rectus
      abdominis and trunk extensor erectores spinae muscles as well as measurement of
      the ground reaction forces were also carried out for predicted result validation.
      During half-squat exercises with barbell loads in the range 0.8 to 1.6 times body
      weight the compressive loads on the L3-L4 segment vary between 6 and 10 times
      body weight. Erectores spinae contraction force was predicted to be between 30
      and 50% of the relevant maximal isometric force. The magnitude of trunk flexion
      was found to be the variable which influenced most spinal compression load.

PMID- 4068970
TI  - Anaerobic threshold: review of the concept and directions for future research.

PMID- 4068971
TI  - [Report on l7 years of studies of human African trypanosomiasis caused by T.
      gambiense in children 0-6 years of age].
AB  - The authors present 227 cases of human African trypanosomiasis in children
      between 0 and 6 years, which have been observed for 17 years in the hyperendemic
      area of Fontem, Cameroon. These cases deal with a subject seldom described in
      medical literature. The authors especially insist on the velocity of both the
      contamination and involvement of the nervous system, as well as on the difficulty
      in settling a diagnosis when failing consider the notion of endemic area. On the
      other hand, they stress the fact that the efficiency of arsenical treatment is
      not more dangerous for children than for adults. Finally, they confirm the
      existence of congenital trypanosomiasis, which proves to be as important from the
      epidemiological point of view than from the strategical means to be used to
      identify this disease.

PMID- 4068972
TI  - [Socio-entomologic survey in human trypanosomiasis focus of Yamba (Peoples
      Republic of Congo)].
AB  - A study carried out at villagers level in a focus infected by human
      trypanosomiasis (Yamba, Bouenza region, Congo, Mikengue ethnic group) revealed
      that modern medicin is recognized by them as the sole possibility to treat the
      sleeping sickness. The witch doctor, if he cannot transmit the sickness, is
      perfectly able to aggravate it. He is considered as the responsible for any fatal
      issue. Tsetse flies are charged of transmitting the sickness as well as other
      biting insects (black flies, ceratopogonidae). The elders give an historical role
      to pigs in spreading the sickness. Villagers seem very determined to assume
      themselves fighting against the tsetse fly by trapping, but impregnation of traps
      by an insecticide got some problems (technical know-how, equipment) which have
      been solved by a new model of trap designed by the ORSTOM Center in Brazzaville.

PMID- 4068973
TI  - [Integration of malaria control in primary health care in rural environment.
      General considerations].
AB  - Only 20 to 40% of the rural populations in Africa south of Sahara have the
      possibility to benefit from the classical health care. This situation interferes
      in the campaign against the main endemic diseases. Thus, in the efforts to
      control malaria, it appears necessary to get the population participation through
      the development of the primary health care services. Systematic chemotherapy of
      febrile attacks seems to be the easiest field strategy on a large way. The
      authors believe that such a strategy is possible through the development of
      primary health care services within the progressive decentralization of the
      health service network.

PMID- 4068974
TI  - [Quid of betel].
AB  - After clarifying some necessary terminology to understand what quid of betel is,
      the authors, in the first part of this article, expose its location around the
      world. Then, they report on the three main basic components: Piper betle L. leaf,
      Areca catechu nut, and slaked lime. They add too some other ingredients which
      modify the taste of the quid to a certain extent. In the third part, the authors
      expose the role given to betel in the traditional medicine according to
      bibliographical sources available in different countries. Its appears that Areca
      nut is still the most commonly used. Then, they review the therapeutic qualities
      of the quid utilized by western medicine according to the different part of the
      organism, and finally they end by indicating the true importance to be given to
      this customary habit.

PMID- 4068975
TI  - [Thrombosis of the superior vena cava in Behcet's disease. Apropos of a case
      associated with chylothorax].
AB  - The authors report a case of superior vena cava thrombosis associated to a
      chylothorax during Behcet's disease. This thrombosis was revealed during an
      evolutive phase by dyspnea and a superior vena cava syndrome. Its course was
      favourable under a medical treatment associating: pleural drainage, parenteral
      feeding, corticotherapy and heparin therapy. Then the authors review the
      bibliography and recall the frequency, pathogenesis, clinic and treatment of this
      unusual complication of the Touraine's aphthosis. Such a complication appears
      paradoxically to present a favourable course.

PMID- 4068976
TI  - [Blood viscosity and the pressure limit of whole blood in patients with a
      vascular form of vibration disease].
AB  - Eighty-two men suffering from the vascular form to the vibration disease have
      been divided into two groups pursuant to advancement of the disease: group I
      consisting of 42 persons (average age 40 +/- 7.5 years) representing an early
      stage of the disease, and group II consisting of 40 persons (average age 49,7 +/-
      5,6 years)--at an advanced stage of the disease. In both groups the variation of
      apparent viscosity with shear rate (rheological equations), plastic viscosity and
      yield stress of the whole blood have been determined. The control group consisted
      of 100 healthy men (average age 41.3 +/- 8.4 years), classified as medium-hard
      working (group III). Those afflicted with the vascular form of the vibration
      disease have been found to exhibit viscosity and yield stress of the whole blood,
      the increase varying with advancement of the disease.

PMID- 4068977
TI  - [Serum levels of immunoglobulins and C 3 component of complement in persons
      occupationally exposed to chlorinated pesticides].
AB  - Serum concentrations of IgA, M, G and C-3 complement have been compared between
      51 men occupationally exposed to chlorinated pesticides and 28 men of the control
      group. IgG has been found to be statistically significantly increased, whereas
      the concentration of IgM and C-3 complement--lower in the whole test group, as
      compared to the control group. These protein changes have been particularly
      strongly marked in the subgroup exposed to polycyclic chlorinated hydrocarbons.
      In the authors' opinion, the elevated IgG concentration in the occupationally
      exposed subgroup may result from immunostimulating effects of chlorinated
      pesticides, thus the decreased C-3 component of the complement in the serum in
      the test groups seems to be indicative of immune-complexes contribution to the
      pathogenesis of diseases resulting from the occupational exposure concerned.
      Furthermore, the authors suggest that the cyclic conformation of chlorinated
      pesticides may affect the pathomechanism of those diseases.

PMID- 4068978
TI  - [Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in the liver and brain of guinea pigs exposed
      to an electric field of industrial frequency].
AB  - The activity of MAO has been determined in the brain and liver of 36 male guinea
      pigs. The animals have been exposed to electric fields of 50 Hz and 100 kV/m
      frequency. The guinea-pigs have been divided into the following groups (12
      animals each): group I--every day 4 hrs' exposure to electric fields (total dose-
      100 hours), group II--4 hrs' exposure every other day (total dose--100 hours),
      group III--4 hrs' exposure every third day (total dose--100 hours). The control
      group consisted of 8 animals. Enzymatic determinations of MAO have been performed
      by McEven and Cohen's technique, using benzylamine as substrate. A statistically
      significant increase of MAO activity in brain homogenates of group I and slow
      decrease in groups II and III, to the control value, has been shown. No changes
      of the test enzyme have been found in the liver tissue.

PMID- 4068979
TI  - [Incidence of arterial hypertension in the population of workers in the textile
      industry in Lodz].
AB  - Textile workers in Lodz have undergone a cross-sectional representative study
      aimed at the detection of arterial hypertension. In addition, the impact of sex,
      age, overweight, blood cholesterol level, smoking habit and noise upon the
      prevalence of that disease has been tested. Arterial hypertension has been found
      in 8.3% subjects, 9.2%--women, 6.7%--men. The prevalence was increasing
      significantly with age. Those with overweight exhibited higher prevalence rates.
      Hypercholesterolemia was accompanied by more frequent arterial hypertension; in
      women it was statistically significant. No significant negative effects of
      smoking and noise as occupational hazards promoting that disease have been found.

PMID- 4068980
TI  - [Headaches in female workers in the rubber industry exposed to benzene vapors].
AB  - 173 female workers of the Rubber Plant "Stomil" exposed to petrol vapours, have
      been examined neurologically. The workers complained particularly often of
      vasomotor headaches which appeared to be much more frequent in petrol vapours
      exposed workers, as compared to controls. On the other hand, subjects' age and
      length of employment did not affect significantly the prevalence of headache.

PMID- 4068981
TI  - [Evaluation of the effect of the work environment on the state of the oral
      cavity].
AB  - 2439 men and employed in 4 industrial plants of Szczecin area had their
      masticatory system examined. Onto the cards prepared for electronic data
      processing the information has been written on: oral cavity caries (IMF), oral
      mucosa membrane, periodontium, parafunction and T.M.J. dysfunction. The main
      exposure factors of those plants have been determined, namely: welding gas,
      aromatic hydrocarbons, fluorine compounds, and copper dusts. The IMF values, oral
      hygiene, periodontal diseases as well as the TMJ-dysfunction in the test workers
      have been found to be approximately similar to the relevant values of other
      populations and to vary with sex, age or poor hygienic conditions. On the other
      hand, the prevalence of oral leukoplakia and parafunction seems to be dependent
      on the working environment.

PMID- 4068982
TI  - [Occupational exposure and risk in the work environment].

PMID- 4068983
TI  - [General physical fitness of metallurgy workers exposed to thermal load].
AB  - General physical fitness of 475 metallurgists, 203 subjects working under heat
      stress and 272 subjects working under normal environment conditions, has been
      determined. Evaluation of physical fitness was based on the maximal oxygen
      consumption (VO2max), the Harvard "Step test" and some laboratory examinations.
      Physical fitness was below average, poor and very poor in both groups without
      statistically significant differences between the exposed and control groups. A
      statistically significant correlation has been found between VO2max and Harvard
      "Step test". Arterial hypertension greater than or equal to 21,3/12,7 kPa has
      been found in 27% of subjects of the exposed group and in 23% of the control
      group. Cholesterol level greater than or equal to 6,7 nmol/l has been found in
      14,8% of the exposed and in 17,6% of the control group. A statistically
      significant negative correlation between the cholesterol concentration and the
      score of the Harvard "Step test" of both groups has been found, and also between
      VO2max of the exposed group only. Above 50% of subjects exhibited various
      abnormalities in electrocardiogram mainly of type IV, VII, IX, according to the
      Minnesota Code. General physical fitness of metallurgists has been considerably
      lower as compared to the literature data. It is concluded that periodic
      examinations of general physical fitness should be performed for evaluation of
      the health condition. Industrial physicians should utilize the results of those
      examinations for prevention.

PMID- 4068984
TI  - [Effect of obesity on the ventilatory capacity of the respiratory system. I.
      Relation between basic spirometric indicators: vital capacity (VC) and forced
      expiratory volume (FEV1) and obesity].
AB  - The following procedures have been applied for evaluation of obesity of 1087 men,
      steel mill workers: all examined men have been divided into intervals of relative
      body weight (after Lorentz), indices including measurements of the current body
      weight and height, indices including measurements of the current body weight,
      height and skinfolds thickness. All examined persons have undergone measurements
      of spirometric parameters. The strongest correlation with spirometric values was
      that of the index of obesity including, apart from the body weight and height,
      also skinfolds thickness. This index of obesity provides good estimation of
      respiratory efficiency, which diminishes as obesity intensifies.

PMID- 4068985
TI  - [Effect of directed infrared radiation on the skin and eye of rabbits after acute
      and chronic exposure].
AB  - The establish a threshold dose, an acute experiment was carried out by 30 min.
      radiation of the rabbit's shaved head with all ranges of infrared, 200 W/m2, 350
      W/m2 and 500 W/m2 intensities. Irradiation was prolonged up to 2 hrs. Having
      established the threshold dose, a chronic (5 months') experiment was carried out,
      irradiating 9 rabbits' skin (in 3 groups) with 350 W/m2 intensity in the range of
      all three bands. Similarly, tests on the eye transparent part were performed,
      irradiating only one eye, the other being handled as the control. The results
      show that the 350 W/m2 intensity of IR-A and IR-C radiation induces a slight
      erythema on rabbits' skin under long-lasting radiation, and under all radiation
      ranges no changes in the eye transparent part result at the 350 W/m2 intensity
      for the IR-A band and 200 W/m2 for the IR-C band. On the other hand, when
      irradiating the eye with the IR-B band at the 350 W/m2 intensity, slight
      infiltrations and defects of the eyeball cornea were found. Temporarily, the 350
      W/m2 value for human skin was suggested as the TLV for the directional radiation
      intensity within IR-A and IR-B. On the other hand, for the eye transparent part
      the following TLVs have been suggested: for the IR-A band--250 W/m2, for the IR-B
      -150 W/m2, for the IR-C band--150 W/m2. Those values do not refer to laser
      radiation and do not guarantee the development of cataract under many-years'
      exposure.

PMID- 4068986
TI  - [Erythrocyte aggregation indicator, hematocrit and plasma viscosity in patients
      with a vascular form of vibration disease].
AB  - In 82 men suffering from the vascular form of the vibration disease divided by
      its advancement into two groups: group I of 42 persons (aged, on average, 40 +/-
      7.5) at an early stage of the disease and group II consisting of 40 persons
      (aged, on average, 49.7 +/- 5.6) at an advanced stage of the disease-
      haematocrit, plasma viscosity and red-cell aggregation indices were determined.
      The control group (III) was composed of 100 healthy, average--hard working, men
      (aged, on average, 41.3 +/- 8.4). In those suffering from the vibration disease
      the red-cell aggregation and plasma viscosity were found to increase, the rise
      being more intense in group II.

PMID- 4068987
TI  - [Usefulness of thermal tests for evaluating vascular changes in persons exposed
      to vibration].
AB  - The investigations have been carried out on 40 workers of an industrial factory.
      Twenty workers used vibration tools, the others, having no contact with
      vibration, constituted the control group. Each subject had his skin temperature
      measured at 19 points of the left and right hands at ambient temperature of 22
      degrees C and after cooling at 15 degrees C and 8 degrees C. The results have
      demonstrated that early vasomotor changes are best identified by the thermal test
      with cooling at 8 degrees C. Furthermore, this method enables a topographic
      estimation of the hand areas for special risk of the disturbances in blood
      vessels of workers using vibration tools.

PMID- 4068988
TI  - [Development of tolerance of the respiratory system in workers chronically
      exposed to chlorine].
AB  - In 39 newly-employed workers an increase in ventilation indices was observed over
      50 months of work in exposure to chlorine. It was higher in healthy non-smokers
      than in smokers. This may result from the development of the respiratory system
      tolerance of low chlorine concentrations.

PMID- 4068989
TI  - [Effect of obesity on the ventilatory capacity of the respiratory system. II.
      Reference spirometry values of VC and FEV1 for overweight males].
AB  - 642 persons without respiratory and circulatory diseases were selected from 1087
      steel mill workers. The examined persons were classified according to the
      intervals of relative body mass. The relations between spirometric parameters (VC
      and FEV1) and degree of obesity were studied. For each interval the equations of
      multiple regression were calculated, taking into account the dependence of VC and
      FEV1 on age, height and present body mass. The numeric factor from the equation
      of multiple regression of coefficient describing the dependence of VC on the
      present body mass was positive in 90-114% and 115-124% intervals but negative in
      125-134% and 135% of body mass. In case of FEV1 the negative factor of the same
      coefficient was not negative until 135% of body mass. A positive correlation of
      VC and FEV1 with the present body mass in the whole population was shown. If the
      group of obese persons was formed on the basis of Wot anthropometric index (which
      included skinfolds thickness, present body mass and height), significantly lower
      values of VC and FEV1 were found in comparison to non-obese counterparts. For the
      persons with morbid obesity a new method of calculation of predicted VC and FEV1
      values was presented. The equation of multiple regression used for this purpose
      takes into account the dependence of spirometric values on age and Wot index.

PMID- 4068991
TI  - [Analysis of the duration of absenteeism due to illness and accidents during the
      year. I. Evaluation of the accuracy of empirical tables].
AB  - The paper presents results of the comparison of empirical distributions of
      sickness and accidental absenteeism annually. The comparison was based on
      absenteeism data for all workers of 10 industrial plants representing different
      industries all over Poland in 1977. The analysis was performed for each sex
      separately, taking into account only those with absenteeism higher than zero.
      Distributions in particular age groups have been compared between industrial
      plants for each sex separately. The results promote adjustment of theoretical
      probability distributions for age groups, combining workers of all plants in all
      age groups excluding the youngest, i.e. up to 29 years.

PMID- 4068990
TI  - [Toxic effect of volatile products of thermooxidizing decomposition of conveyor
      belts].
AB  - Toxic effects of thermo-oxidizing decomposition products of conveying belts made
      of PVC and rubber have been tested. The resultant smokes were passed through a
      protective absorber. During 14-days' post-exposure observation, an increased
      activity of asparagine, aminotransferase and in some animal alanine
      aminotransferase was found. Moderately increased pathomorphological changes were
      found in lungs (emphysema, oedema interstitial and bronchogenic inflammations),
      along with slight degenerative changes in the liver and kidneys. In the
      peripheral blood, increased amounts of erythrocytes and leukocytes were found.

PMID- 4068993
TI  - [Effect of the working environment in the petrochemical industry on the
      periodontium and mucous membrane of vocational school students].
AB  - The clinical dental examination was carried out at 6 months intervals in a group
      of 41 vocational school pupils exposed to chemical hazards in the petrochemical
      industry and a control group consisting of 30 pupils of an economic grammar
      school. The paradontium and mucous membrane of vocational school pupils before
      occupational exposure was worse than that of grammar school pupils. Pupils
      exposed to working environment hazards exhibited an increased rate of paradontium
      diseases.

PMID- 4068992
TI  - [Early detection of diseases of the circulatory system in vocational school
      students with particular reference to the prevention of coronary disease and
      arterial hypertension].
AB  - A group of 201 boys of vocational schools living in an area of developing
      industry (Belchatow) and another area of developed industry (Lodz) were examined
      twice: at the age of 16-17 (I examination) and 14-18 months later (II
      examination). Incomplete right bundle-branch block and intraventricular
      conduction impairment have been demonstrated mainly in the resting ECG tracings
      (Table I). The risk factors of coronary heart disease were increasing with age,
      especially in boys of Belchatow area (Table II). Five boys with risk factors of
      coronary heart disease exhibited ischaemic type of postexertional ST segment
      changes (Table III).

PMID- 4068994
TI  - [Evaluation of exposure of workers to asbestos dust in asbestos-processing
      plants].
AB  - Working environments have been tested in plants producing asbestos products,
      asbestos-cement products, textile asbestos products, asbestos-caoutchouc plates,
      asbestos boards and asbestos frictional materials for automotive industry,
      Measurements of total dust concentrations and concentrations of asbestos fibres 5
      micron long supported workers' exposure investigations. Basing on literature data
      on the working environment at the Mining Metallurgical Plant in Szklary, the
      health risk for workers producing nickel from ores containing asbestos mixtures
      has been analysed. The asbestos-exposure in asbestos-processing plants has been
      found to be still considerable despite modernization of the plants. Particularly
      dangerous to health have been regarded the conditions at asbestos spinning-mills
      and the Mining-Metallurgical Plant at Szklary, where even average asbestos
      concentrations considerably exceed the threshold limit values.

PMID- 4068995
TI  - Changes in inpatient, outpatient, and partial care services in mental health
      organizations, United States, 1970-80.

PMID- 4068997
TI  - Trends in patient care episodes in mental health organizations, United States,
      1970-81.

PMID- 4068996
TI  - Characteristics of discharge from non-Federal general hospitals with separate
      psychiatric inpatient units, United States, 1980.

PMID- 4068998
TI  - Staffing of specialty mental health organizations, United States, 1978-80.

PMID- 4068999
TI  - Trends in number of additions to mental health organizations, United States,
      1971, 1975 and 1981.

PMID- 4069000
TI  - Presidential address 1985:Inalienable rights of persons with mental retardation.

PMID- 4069001
TI  - The closure of mental retardation institutions. II: Implications.

PMID- 4069002
TI  - Functional taxonomy of stereotypic and self-injurious behavior.

PMID- 4069003
TI  - The missing link in evaluating sheltered workshop programs: the clients' input.

PMID- 4069004
TI  - Effects of group homes on neighborhood property values.

PMID- 4069006
TI  - Discrimination against people with mental retardation: a comment on the Cleburne
      decision.

PMID- 4069005
TI  - The frequency of serious behavioral and medical incidents occurring in community
      based living arrangements.

PMID- 4069007
TI  - Glucose tolerance and plasma lipid distributions in rats fed a high-sucrose, high
      cholesterol, low-chromium diet.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a low-chromium (60 to 100 micrograms per
      kg of diet) or chromium-supplemented (5 mg per kg of diet), high-sucrose, high
      cholesterol diet from weaning until age 18 months. Rats that were pair- and meal
      fed the low-chromium diet had higher one-hour postprandial plasma glucose
      concentrations than their supplemented partners at ages 4 and 8 months (P less
      than 0.05), but not at age 12 months. One-hour postgavage (250 mg glucose/100 g
      body wt) glucose concentrations did not differ between dietary groups at 12
      months. Plasma cholesterol concentrations increased up to age 12 months, but
      neither they nor postprandial triglyceride concentrations differed significantly
      between dietary groups. Ad libitum feeding of the low-chromium and chromium
      supplemented diets was initiated at age 14 months in order to determine whether
      there were differences due to dietary chromium content which might not be
      manifest on the pair-feeding regimen. Animals of both dietary groups had
      significant weight gain by age 16 months, but their one-hour postgavage plasma
      glucose concentrations did not differ significantly. Plasma cholesterol
      concentrations increased significantly following institution of ad libitum
      feedings, but neither they nor lipoprotein cholesterol or triglyceride
      distributions differed significantly between dietary groups. Experimental
      conditions, methods, and results from this study and previous studies are
      compared and critically examined. We suggest that other factors in addition to
      dietary chromium content may contribute to the differences in glucose tolerance
      and plasma cholesterol concentrations described in such studies and that there is
      a need for improved documentation of glucose intolerance and tissue chromium
      concentrations in this animal model.

PMID- 4069008
TI  - Cafeteria feeding promotes diet-induced thermogenesis in monosodium glutamate
      treated mice.
AB  - We studied diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) in cafeteria fed monosodium glutamate
      (MSG) and saline-treated mice. From 12 weeks of age MSG and saline-treated mice
      were fed a diet of either standard chow or a cafeteria diet of standard chow
      supplemented with chocolate or biscuits on alternate days for six weeks. There
      was a significant weight gain in cafeteria fed MSG-treated mice but not in
      cafeteria fed saline-treated mice. In cafeteria fed MSG-treated mice there was a
      significant increase in resting oxygen consumption. The response to exogenous
      norepinephrine was significantly increased in cafeteria fed saline-treated mice.
      The level of specific tritiated guanosine 5'-diphosphate binding to isolated
      mitochondrial fractions was significantly increased in both cafeteria fed MSG and
      saline-treated mice. It is concluded that (1) cafeteria feeding is capable of
      promoting DIT, within brown adipose tissue (BAT), in MSG-treated mice and (2) the
      mechanisms for the induction of thermoregulatory thermogenesis (TRT) and DIT are
      distinct since cold-induced TRT has previously been shown to be defective in MSG
      treated mice.

PMID- 4069009
TI  - The effect of diabetes mellitus on the lymphatic transport of intestinal sterols.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated that in intact animals, de novo cholesterol
      synthesis is increased in the small and large intestines of streptozotocin
      induced diabetic rats. The aim of this study was to determine if this enhanced
      intestinal cholesterol synthesis in diabetic animals results in the increased
      transport of newly synthesized sterols from the intestines to the peripheral
      circulation. Thoracic ducts were cannulated in control and diabetic animals and
      the quantity of newly labeled sterols in the lymph determined after the
      administration of tritiated water. Labeled sterols in the 24-hour lymph drainage
      were increased fourfold in the diabetic animals as compared to control animals.
      Additionally, the percentage of newly synthesized sterols synthesized in the
      small intestine and transported by the lymph is almost twofold greater in the
      diabetics. Thus, the increased quantity of labeled sterols present in the
      thoracic duct lymph of diabetic animals is accounted for by two factors, an
      enhancement of small intestinal sterol synthesis in diabetic animals and the
      increased percentage transport of newly synthesized sterols from the small
      intestine to the bloodstream. In both control and diabetic animals, chylomicrons
      were the major lipoprotein fraction in which the newly synthesized sterols were
      transported in the lymph. These findings demonstrate that the increased
      sterologenesis observed in the intestine of diabetic animals results in the
      increased transport of newly synthesized cholesterol from the intestines to the
      circulation.

PMID- 4069010
TI  - Insulin and atherogenesis: clinical trials.
AB  - The possible role of hyperinsulinism in the generation and perpetuation of
      atherosclerosis is discussed. Although the hypothesis is an important one that
      merits intensive study, it is premature to approach the question through a
      clinical trial. Rather, a concerted effort should be made to gain more
      information through basic research in laboratory animals and clinical
      investigations in man. This basic information will form the foundation upon which
      future, sound clinical trials may be undertaken. The general characteristics of a
      sound clinical trial are also discussed. Topics highlighted include the need to
      define the question to be asked; the intervention to be used; the outcome to be
      measured; the patient population to be studied, including the necessity of a
      control group; the eligibility and exclusion criteria for entrance into a study;
      and basic study design. Each of these topics requires attention and careful
      planning before a trial is begun. Issues of randomizing patients into treatment
      groups, maximizing the likelihood of compliance, and the need for quality control
      and careful monitoring are also reviewed.

PMID- 4069011
TI  - Phosphatidyl-serine inhibition of OC43 and NCDCV coronavirus infectivity.
AB  - Human OC43 and bovine neonatal calf diarrhoea coronavirus (NCDCV) are known to be
      inhibited by non-antibody factors present in sera of different mammalian species,
      including man and cattle. Such an inhibitor is also present in fetal calf serum
      generally used for growing and maintaining cell cultures, thus influencing the
      viral infectivity titer. Previous reports refer to the effectiveness of
      phospholipase C treatment in eliminating the inhibiting activity. In order to
      detect the compound possibly involved in coronavirus growth inhibition (among the
      phospholipids naturally present in mammalian sera), we tested several
      phospholipids with hemagglutino-inhibition test and plaque reduction assay. Only
      phosphatidyl-serine seemed to be effective on Coronavirus OC43 and NCDCV, as
      detected by plaque-reduction assay, but not by hemagglutino-inhibition test.

PMID- 4069012
TI  - A simple chromogenic test for rapid screening of Proteus and Providencia
      bacteria.
AB  - A rapid test for detection of p-nitrophenylalanine ammonia-lyase is described.
      The test is performed by suspending a loopful of bacteria in 0.5 ml of a buffered
      1 mM solution of p-nitro-DL-phenylalanine (PNPA). The enzymatic activity is
      revealed by the formation of a yellow colour after 2 hours of incubation at 35
      degrees C. Out of 285 strains of different enterobacteria species positive
      results were shown only by 75 Proteus and Providence strains. Thus, the PNPA test
      can be useful for rapid screening of these enterobacteria.

PMID- 4069014
TI  - On being an expert witness.

PMID- 4069013
TI  - A rapid multistrips tests for determination of the enzyme profile in
      enterobacteria.
AB  - A simple test for the detection of bacterial enzymes has been developed using
      paper strip impregnated with different chromogenic substrates. The test was
      applied to 145 strains belonging to various species of the family
      Enterobacteriaceae. Positive reactions were revealed after four hours of
      incubation at 35 degrees C by the formation of a yellow colour indicating
      released nitrophenol or nitranilide where a loopful of bacteria had been placed.
      The results of the multistrips test were in agreement with those obtained by
      previously described methods for the detection of beta-galactosidase, beta
      xylosidase, beta-glucuronidase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and phenylalanine
      ammonialyase. The suitability of the test for rapid determination of the enzyme
      profile in enterobacteria is discussed.

PMID- 4069015
TI  - Malpractice reform for whom?

PMID- 4069016
TI  - Experimental infection of young broiler chicks with Treponema hyodysenteriae.
AB  - In young broiler chicks which were inoculated with 10(8) cells of Treponema
      hyodysenteriae within 24 hr after hatching, numerous treponemes were observed by
      scanning electron microscopy on the surface of the cecal mucosa 7 and 14 days
      after the inoculation. However, in the groups inoculated with 10(7) cells,
      treponemes were not observed on the cecal mucosa 14 days after the inoculation,
      and the isolation rate from the cecal contents was lower than that from cecal
      contents of chicks inoculated with 10(8) cells. While the cecal mucosa of
      noninfected chicks had a smooth surface, that of the chicks infected with
      treponemes was generally roughened and the epithelium was eroded. Numerous
      treponemes were also observed within the eroded epithelium.

PMID- 4069018
TI  - Single-stranded DNA in mung bean yellow mosaic virus.

PMID- 4069017
TI  - Detection of antibody to M protein of measles virus in patients with subacute
      sclerosing panencephalitis: a comparative study on immunoprecipitation.
AB  - Consistent results have not been obtained yet on the presence of antibody to the
      M protein of measles virus in the sera of patients with subacute sclerosing
      panencephalitis (SSPE). We performed a comparative study on various
      immunoprecipitation systems which appeared in the literature and found that the
      difference in the composition of the solubilizing buffer produced a large variety
      of results on the immunoprecipitation. [35S]Methionine-labeled Vero cells
      infected with the Edmonston strain of measles virus were solubilized by 10
      different buffers and reacted with hyperimmune rabbit serum to whole virus,
      monospecific antisera to H, NP, and M proteins of the virus, normal adults' sera,
      and the sera from 16 SSPE patients. The immune complex was absorbed by protein A
      and both solubilization and precipitation rates were compared with each viral
      protein. Although viral proteins were solubilized by all buffers, the
      solubilization rate varied considerably. M protein was solubilized and was not
      coprecipitated nonspecifically with any of the other viral proteins. Purified
      protein A conjugated to Sepharose was preferable to Staphylococcus aureus for
      absorption of the immune complex since the latter absorbed both viral and host
      proteins nonspecifically. The precipitation rates of the viral proteins also
      varied according to the buffers. Better solubilization of the viral proteins
      seemed to reduce their rate of precipitation for which the presence of SDS may be
      responsible, and the presence of the protease inhibitors may also affect the
      results of immunoprecipitation. Detection of M protein in the immunoprecipitates
      was largely influenced by the kind of buffer used: some buffers could detect it
      clearly, but others could not defect it at all. Among the solubilizing buffers
      tested, Saleh's buffer (Virology 93: 369-376 (1979)),, which contains 0.5% DOC
      and 0.5% Triton X-100, was most reliable for detection of the anti-M antibody in
      the rabbit serum, because it showed a high solubilization and high precipitation
      rates of viral proteins without nonspecific absorption by protein A or
      coprecipitation of M proteins with any of the other proteins. Using this buffer,
      we could definitely detect M proteins in the immunoprecipitates from the sera of
      all six healthy adults and 15 out of 16 patients with SSPE. It was found,
      however, that the amount of M proteins in SSPE patients was lower than that in
      healthy adults and varied considerably.

PMID- 4069019
TI  - Bacteroides bacteriophages isolated from human feces.

PMID- 4069020
TI  - Impairment of doctors: are beginning medical students psychologically vulnerable?
AB  - The hypothesis that the stressful nature of medical training is a major cause of
      impairment of doctors is explored in this study by examining whether changes in
      psychological adjustment occur during the first year, the first year is
      stressful, and sex differences in psychological adjustment or stress occur. All
      first-year medical students at an Australian university completed self-rating
      measures of psychiatric symptomatology, ego-resilience, depressive mood and role
      conflict, support and confidence at the beginning, middle and end of the year.
      Measures of stress were included in the latter two assessments. On average,
      students appeared to be reasonably well adjusted when they entered the course,
      and were not adversely affected by their experiences during the year. While
      'academic work' and 'intimate relationships' were comparatively stressful, stress
      levels reported were not high. The only sex difference was in depressive
      symptoms. The implications of these findings for medical training are discussed.

PMID- 4069021
TI  - Students' and teachers' views of a medical college environment in Saudi Arabia.
AB  - The instrument used for the assessment of the environment of the College of
      Medicine at King Saud University, Saudi Arabia consisted of 22 contrasting
      adjective pairs, separated by a seven-point interval scale along the degree of
      positive and negative response. The data were collected both from students and
      teachers. A total of 100 teachers and 150 students were randomly selected. All
      the respondents were mailed the final instrument with complete sets of
      instructions and directions. In all, 69 teachers and 97 students returned the
      completed questionnaire. In order to analyse the data, in addition to analysis of
      variance, multivariate discriminant analysis was utilized to interpret the data
      in more than only statistical sense. The implications of these findings for
      developing intervention strategies to minimize the inadequacies in the academic
      environment and to influence the development of the students towards the
      attainment of institutional objectives are discussed.

PMID- 4069022
TI  - The Bachelor of Medical Science research degree as a start for clinician
      scientists.
AB  - A retrospective case-control study of Bachelor of Medical Science (BMedSc)
      graduates of the University of Queensland found that 20% were in full-time
      academic or research positions compared with only 0.9% in controls (P less than
      0.001). A larger percentage graduated from the medical course with honours
      degrees compared with controls (47.8% vs 10.8%, P less than 0.001). At the time
      of the survey, a higher percentage held higher research degrees (17.3% vs 3.0%)
      or were working towards such degrees (12.0% vs 0%). As a group they had published
      more articles in refereed scientific journals and more books or chapters in books
      (P less than 0.001). The majority of BMedSc graduates (75%) stated that the
      programme was 'a worthwhile endeavour' and 73.8% said they would do the degree
      again if given the time over as a medical student. These results indicate that
      the BMedSc programme, if properly promoted, can be a valuable means of reversing
      the decline in clinician-scientist manpower.

PMID- 4069023
TI  - Objective-structured teaching of undergraduate neurology.
AB  - Medical students at two teaching institutions were given an objective list
      containing information thought to be of maximum neurological teaching value. The
      usefulness of the objective list was assessed by giving the students pre- and
      post-tests containing questions that were derived from the objective list.
      Irrespective of the disparity in the clinical teaching programme, there was no
      significant difference between test scores of students who rotated at the two
      institutions. Comparison of pre- and post-test scores showed a highly significant
      improvement (P less than 0.005) in test scores. An objective list should be part
      of an effective undergraduate teaching programme in neurology.

PMID- 4069024
TI  - Diagnostic radiology in the undergraduate curriculum in Nigerian universities.
AB  - Diagnostic radiology, despite its well-recognized essential role in medicine, is
      a much neglected subject in Nigerian medical schools and is omitted in the
      undergraduate curriculum. There are only about 50 radiologists in Nigeria, of a
      population of about 80 million people. Of these, 75% work in the university
      teaching hospitals. Since for some time to come many medical practitioners may
      have to continue handling simple radiological investigations and possibly
      interpreting them, unaided by radiologists, adequate undergraduate exposure to
      this discipline through the inclusion of formal teaching of radiology in the
      undergraduate curriculum seems imperative. This in turn will serve to improve
      recruitment into this specialty.

PMID- 4069025
TI  - Bringing the homosexual patient out: teaching the doctor's role.
AB  - Little attention is given in the medical school curriculum to providing care for
      the 5-10% of the population that is homosexual. An elective course was developed
      to promote more positive attitudes among doctors-in-training towards homosexual
      patients. The format was primarily small group discussion between students and
      articulate homosexual people around societal biases towards homosexuals and
      issues of health care delivery. Students from this seminar and a control group
      from another elective completed an attitude questionnaire before and after the
      course. The study group became more accepting towards homosexual lifestyles
      significantly in 12 of 15 measures while no difference was found in the control
      group. Students' reaction to this learning experience was highly positive: they
      appreciated the opportunity to learn about same-sex life-styles in a personal and
      nonthreatening way, thus enabling them to accept and better care for homosexual
      people.

PMID- 4069026
TI  - When students learn numbers: evaluation of a course in clinical decision-making.
AB  - This paper describes the evaluation of an innovative course in clinical decision
      making (CDM). A traditional course in neurology taught concurrently to the same
      group of students by the same teacher was used for comparison. The aim of the
      course was to introduce students to the basic concepts of CDM as an aid to
      rational decision-making. The end-point of the evaluation was their perception of
      the immediate clinical relevance of CDM. It was postulated that by seeing this
      relevance they would be more likely to change their decision-making behaviour
      than by simply learning factual content or principles. The evaluation used an
      ongoing formative approach, including ethnographic analysis, questionnaires,
      small group discussion and supportive feedback for the teacher. The ongoing
      evaluation of the course resulted in revisions with increasing relevance within
      the students' level of experience, changes in sequence of presentations and
      encouragement of active student participation. A pre-test showed that students
      had difficulty in the correct assessment of the validity of data and in the
      correct revision of opinion. Results of the evaluation indicated that the CDM
      course did not achieve its objective of making students aware of the immediate
      clinical relevance of CDM. Possible reasons for this include the lack of
      reinforcement from clinicians suitable for modelling and the context specific
      nature of the learning of thinking processes. For a CDM course to be successful,
      it may need to be taught within the context of specific clinical topics. It is
      suggested that the evaluation approach used here is a cost-effective method when
      considering innovations in the curriculum and useful for generating further
      questions for study.

PMID- 4069027
TI  - Videotapes for undergraduate psychiatry examinations: Part I--Production and
      assessment.
AB  - In this paper the production is described of two videotaped clinical examinations
      for use in assessing the ability of medical students to observe, name and
      interpret psychopathology. The method of preparing the videotape is described in
      detail and data are presented concerning the ability of each item to respond to
      knowledge and skills acquired during the clerkship, as well as the item-whole
      correlations for each text item. Examination of the changes in scores over the
      course of the clerkship and item-whole correlations led to a reappraisal of
      teaching in certain topic areas.

PMID- 4069028
TI  - Videotapes for undergraduate psychiatry examinations: Part II--Comparison with
      other methods of assessment.
AB  - The previous paper (Rix et al., 1985) described the production of two videotaped
      clinical examinations for use in assessing undergraduate medical students during
      their psychiatry clerkship. In this paper assessments by videotape are compared
      with conventional assessments available to the examiners. The highest
      correlations were between the videotape examination results and written multiple
      choice questionnaire results, suggesting that they test a common area of clinical
      competence: knowledge and interpretation of psychopathology. Videotape
      examination results correlated poorly or not at all with the teachers' global
      ratings and clinical examination results, which may be indicative of relative
      success in devising procedures for the assessment of fairly independent
      abilities.

PMID- 4069029
TI  - Attitude changes in the vocational training of general practitioners.
AB  - This investigation examined the extent to which attitudes of doctors who
      participated in a one-year training programme for general practice changed in
      intended directions by training. A large number of questionnaires, validated in
      earlier research, were administered to 84 trainee general practitioners (GPs)
      both at the start and at the end of the training year. There appeared to be a
      strong to very strong shift in the intended direction with regard to the
      demarcation of work between general practitioners and specialists, the feeling of
      competence at work, the fear of making mistakes, beliefs about taking risks when
      making medical decisions, confidence in specialist technical examinations and the
      way general practice work is experienced. By the end of the training students
      hardly differed from, or had even gone further in the intended direction than,
      experienced general practitioners.

PMID- 4069030
TI  - Examiners' beliefs about the utility and the appropriateness of different
      examination techniques.

PMID- 4069031
TI  - Inheritance of hypophosphatasia.
AB  - A system of multiple, codominant alleles (HN, HC, HI) is proposed for the
      inheritance of hypophosphatasia. These alleles are associated with a single
      autosomal locus which determines the presence or absence of hypophosphatasia
      among human subjects. Either HC or HI conditions hypophosphatasia whereas HN
      conditions the absence of this disorder. Only one genotype, HNHN, produces the
      absence of hypophosphatasia. Either HNHC or HNHI produces adult hypophosphatasia.
      Either HCHC or HCHI produces childhood hypophosphatasia. Only HIHI produces
      infantile (neonatal) hypophosphatasia. HI is lethal only in a homozygous state.
      HN occurs at a much higher frequency in human populations than either HC or HI.
      Any one of the hypophosphatasic genotypes is thought to exert the same degree of
      epistatic effect on enzyme activity within the bone/liver/kidney complex of
      alkaline phosphatases. These alleles and genotypes are considered to be
      completely penetrant but show variable expressivity within each class of
      hypophosphatasia.

PMID- 4069032
TI  - The side effects of antimalarial drugs indicates a polyamine involvement in both
      schizophrenia and depression.
AB  - The nature of the side effects produced by the antimalarials and a common moiety
      present in these drugs (spermidine) links the polyamines to both schizophrenia
      and depression. The raised incidence of psychosis in systemic lupus erythematosus
      and during pregnancy both associated with raised blood polyamine levels, makes
      the involvement of the polyamines in psychosis more likely.

PMID- 4069033
TI  - Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndromes I and II): a common
      genotype linked to oncogenes?
AB  - We hypothesize that: hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) accounts
      for a significant proportion of the colon cancer burden; the premalignant colonic
      mucosa in HNPCC patients may be comparable in many respects to the premalignant
      polyps in its hereditary multiple adenomatous polyposis counterpart; and finally,
      study of HNPCC colonic mucosa may harbor important clues for elucidation of the
      multistep process of carcinogenesis, including relationships between activated
      oncogenes, genetics, and environmental perturbations.

PMID- 4069034
TI  - Hypoglycemia in anorectics: comments on Rippere's hypothesis.

PMID- 4069035
TI  - Cystic fibrosis and the plague.

PMID- 4069036
TI  - Vitamin C: the nontoxic, nonrate-limited, antioxidant free radical scavenger.
AB  - The amount of oral ascorbic acid that a patient can tolerate without diarrhea,
      increases somewhat proportionately to the "toxicity" of his disease. Clinically,
      in a disease ameliorated by ascorbate, there is a suppression of symptoms only
      with very high doses and approximately to that extent which a nonrate-limited,
      antioxidant free radical scavenger, might be expected to affect that disease
      process if all harmful free radicals and highly reactive oxidizing substances
      were quenched. In most pathologic processes, the rate at which free radicals and
      highly reactive oxidants are produced, exceeds the rate at which the ordinary
      rate-limited antioxidant free radical scavenging mechanisms can quench those free
      radicals and oxidants. When ascorbate acts as a scavenger, dehydroascorbate is
      formed; but if the ascorbate/dehydroascorbate (AA/DHA) ratio is kept high (the
      redox potential kept reducing) until the unstable dehydroascorbate undergoes
      hydrolysis or can be reduced back to ascorbate, the dehydroascorbate will do no
      harm. Since even at very high doses, ascorbate is virtually nontoxic, it may be
      given in the enormous doses necessary to quench almost all unwanted free radicals
      and oxidants. The wide spectrum of infectious diseases ameliorated by massive
      doses of ascorbate indicates some common pathologic processes in these diseases.

PMID- 4069037
TI  - Determination of 18O/16O ratio in inorganic phosphate as an oncogenic marker and
      indicator for disturbances in phosphate metabolism.
AB  - Natural stable isotope fractionation is a potential tool in investigation of
      metabolic process, since rigid mass balance considerations rule the changes in
      the isotopic ratio. As the natural changes in 13C/12C ratio of total CO2 between
      blood and urine served for studying renal bicarbonate reabsorption, studying
      changes in 18O/16O ratio of phosphate are suggested to investigate deranged
      phosphate metabolism. The 18O/16O ratio in serum phosphate is constant,
      determined by the ratio in the environmental drinking water. Therefore,
      measurements of this ratio in normal individuals, after modifications in
      phosphate metabolism and in diseases with high alkaline phosphatase activity are
      proposed. The main purpose of the proposed study is to assess whether
      measurements of 18O/16O ratio can detect malignant metastases in bones due to
      deranged phosphate metabolism. An assumption that these determinations might
      precede other tests for detecting bone metastases and can serve as an oncogenic
      marker is made.

PMID- 4069038
TI  - The estimation of host-resistance in cancer.
AB  - From the third year after its clinical diagnosis and onward the cancer hazard
      rate continuously declines. This phenomenon is common to all cancers irrespective
      of stage, and far less pronounced in other chronic diseases. It is so typical of
      cancer as to be regarded as a "law of the improving chances of the cancer
      patient". Although the cancer hazard rate itself is higher than in most other
      chronic diseases, it always declines while in other chronic diseases it rises.
      Two kinds of processes operate in cancer: a noxa and host resistance. Throughout
      cancer progression the organism maintains a delicate equilibrium with the noxa,
      only its reserves are continuously depleted and when exhausted the noxa
      overpowers the host's resistance and the patient dies. The hazard rate is
      inversely proportional to the patient's reserve. Its decline indicates that the
      host resists the noxa better and better, since however his reserves are limited,
      he ultimatelly succumbs to it. This phenomenon also shapes cancer age specific
      incidence and mortality rates. From the age of 15 years and onward the curves
      ascend in an exponential fashion, gradually tapering off, which is viewed here as
      a token of a mounting resistance of the organism to the carcinogenic noxa. Host
      resistance operates also during tumor growth, accounting for the Gompertzian
      shape of its growth curve. The growth rate of most human tumors progressively
      decreases and is therefore best described by the Gompertz function which
      initially rises in an exponential fashion and gradually tapers off. Tumor size
      and growth rate indirectly reflect the host's condition or reserve. The two tumor
      attributes are related to the hazard rate in the following manner: Tumor size is
      proportional to the hazard rate, indicating host reserve. Tumor growth rate is
      proportional to the hazard rate change, indicating host resistance. Both
      indicators may be estimated independently and applied to the assessment of the
      host's reserve and resistance during cancer progression.

PMID- 4069039
TI  - The contribution of acidic amino acids to biological calcification.

PMID- 4069041
TI  - Suicide prevention 1985.

PMID- 4069040
TI  - Pain after cholecystectomy.

PMID- 4069042
TI  - Yersinia enterocolitica in Australia.

PMID- 4069043
TI  - Patient education in chronic arthritis.

PMID- 4069044
TI  - Yersinia enterocolitica. Isolation from faeces of adults and children in
      Queensland.
AB  - Over a 22-month period, all 5075 faecal specimens received by the microbiology
      laboratory of the Mater Misericordiae Public Hospital, Brisbane, were screened
      for the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica by culturing on cefsulodinirgasan
      novobiocin agar medium. Y. enterocolitica was isolated from 37 patients (0.7% of
      all specimens). Ten patients were 10 years of age or older, and presented
      predominantly with pain in the abdomen; of these, five underwent an
      appendicectomy. Mesenteric adenitis was diagnosed histologically in three
      patients and Y. enterocolitica was isolated from a lymph-node biopsy specimen in
      one of these. The other 27 patients were under 5 years of age, and presented
      predominantly with diarrhoea of 24 hours' to six weeks' duration. In seven cases,
      another recognized faecal pathogen was also isolated. The isolation rate of Y.
      enterocolitica was one-quarter that of Salmonella and seven times that of
      Shigella.

PMID- 4069045
TI  - Rheumatology teaching in Australia: the need for review.
AB  - In 1981, questionnaires seeking information about the teaching of medicine in
      general, and rheumatology in particular, were sent to random samples of
      undergraduates in Australian medical schools and trainees in the Family Medicine
      Programme (FMP) of the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners.
      Neurology rated most highly, with the majority of undergraduates considering it
      to be well taught and interesting; by contrast, rheumatology was perceived as
      being badly taught and lacking in interest. Many graduates had never attended
      rheumatology outpatient clinics either as undergraduates (45%) or as FMP trainees
      (68%). Only 40% of the graduates had ever been attached to a rheumatology
      inpatient service, and fewer than 50% had received any teaching about the role of
      physiotherapists or occupational therapists in the management of patients with
      arthritis.

PMID- 4069046
TI  - An assessment of the prevalence of hepatitis B among health care personnel in
      Victoria.
AB  - The prevalence of past infection with hepatitis B virus in health care personnel
      was investigated by questionnaire and by a serological survey of personnel in a
      representative selection of Victorian hospitals and institutions. According to
      the available data, hepatitis B does not appear to have been a major infection
      problem among health care personnel in Victoria. The only occupational group that
      clearly is at an increased risk of acquiring the infection is the dental
      profession. Nursing staff members in institutions for the mentally retarded may
      also be at a higher risk. The findings of this investigation were used as a basis
      to frame recommendations for the vaccination of health care workers in Victoria
      against hepatitis B.

PMID- 4069047
TI  - The Port Pirie cohort study. Blood lead concentrations in early childhood.
AB  - A cohort of over 600 children who were born between 1979 and 1982 and accounted
      for the great majority of all births in Port Pirie, South Australia, and its
      immediate environs, underwent capillary blood sampling at the ages of 6 months,
      15 months, 2 years, and annually thereafter. The mean blood lead concentration
      (Pb-B) initially rose markedly, peaked at 2 years of age, and subsequently
      declined gradually at 3 and 4 years of age. No differences in Pb-B were observed
      between girls and boys. Secular trends in Pb-B at the age of 2 years that were
      observed in blood samples taken over the 1981-1984 period suggest that both the
      drought of 1982 and changes in community behaviour may have accounted for some of
      the age-related variation. The Pb-B was associated positively with surface soil
      lead concentrations, with a two-fold variation in mean Pb-B between residential
      zones within Port Pirie. Pb-B was higher in summer than in winter months at the
      ages of 6 and 15 months, but not at older ages. These findings suggest that lead
      in dust influences strongly blood lead concentrations in early childhood.

PMID- 4069048
TI  - The child with cancer: a psychological overview.

PMID- 4069049
TI  - Goat's milk and infant feeding.
AB  - As goat's milk becomes more popular in Australia, clinicians are being asked
      about its suitability as an infant feed. The popularity of goat's milk in part
      comes from unsubstantiated claims that it is less allergenic and more digestible
      than is cow's milk. Raw goat's milk is used by those who believe that
      pasteurization is detrimental, although the risks of consuming unpasteurized milk
      have been well documented and recent reports have warned about the dangers of
      feeding unmodified goat's milk to infants. If goat's milk is to be fed to infants
      it should be pasteurized or boiled, diluted to reduce solute load, and then
      fortified with vitamins. Although these modifications do not produce an ideal
      milk, they do minimize the risks of using goat's milk as an infant feed.

PMID- 4069050
TI  - Personal experience.

PMID- 4069051
TI  - Non-pharmacological treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4069052
TI  - The use of unproven remedies for rheumatoid arthritis in Australia.
AB  - It is important for a medical practitioner to be aware of his or her patient's
      use of non-prescribed, unproven remedies. This is especially so in a chronic
      relapsing disease of unknown cause such as rheumatoid arthritis. We selected 90
      consecutive patients with classic or definite rheumatoid arthritis who attended
      the rheumatology clinic of a teaching hospital in 1982. The patients were asked
      about their previous or current use of an unproven remedy; 82% had used more than
      one unproven remedy since the diagnosis was made and 52% were currently using an
      unproven remedy. In all, 352 separate unproven remedies were used, with a mean of
      4 +/- 0.3 remedies per patient. Avoidance of a particular food substance or use
      of a copper bracelet were the most common of such remedies. Fourteen per cent of
      remedies were deemed to be useful and 3% were felt to have resulted in an adverse
      effect.

PMID- 4069053
TI  - Salt and hypertension in pregnancy.

PMID- 4069054
TI  - Oestrogen receptors in focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver.
AB  - Two patients with focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver and positive results of
      tests of oestrogen receptor status are described. Both patients were women, both
      had used oral contraceptive agents and in both the lesion was symptomatic and was
      surgically resected. The biological and potential therapeutic implications of
      positive results of tests of oestrogen receptor status in focal nodular
      hyperplasia is discussed.

PMID- 4069056
TI  - Surgery for renal calculi?

PMID- 4069055
TI  - Guidelines on authorship--International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.

PMID- 4069057
TI  - Fluoridation, bone and repetitive strain injury.

PMID- 4069058
TI  - A case of sea-snake envenomation.

PMID- 4069059
TI  - A patient with psoriasis cured by 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3.

PMID- 4069060
TI  - Disturbance of the circulation in the spinal cord with epidural neoplasm.

PMID- 4069061
TI  - Clinical study of nontraumatic "spindle coma".

PMID- 4069062
TI  - Interference in radioimmunoassay of human calcitonin by vitamin C and urea.

PMID- 4069063
TI  - Current problems of the electronic treatment of data in occupational health.

PMID- 4069064
TI  - [A case of pneumoconiosis caused by polyvinyl chloride].

PMID- 4069065
TI  - [A study of the reproducibility and contribution to the standardization of
      submaximal exertion tests with increasing load].

PMID- 4069066
TI  - Wood dust and nasal diseases: exposure to chestnut wood dust and loss of smell
      (pilot study).

PMID- 4069067
TI  - [An experience in teaching occupational epidemiology in Italy].

PMID- 4069068
TI  - [Behavior of various indicators of biological effects in male and female subjects
      moderately exposed to inorganic lead].

PMID- 4069069
TI  - Chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in occupationally exposed
      workers.

PMID- 4069070
TI  - [Problems of scientific information in occupational medicine (research on the
      structure of clinical charts and the level of information of physicians].

PMID- 4069071
TI  - The geographical restrictions on expert testimony in medical malpractice cases in
      Virginia.

PMID- 4069072
TI  - Statistical data 1984. Medical Examiner Division, Commonwealth of Virginia.

PMID- 4069073
TI  - [Drug therapy of cancer pain].

PMID- 4069074
TI  - [Biosynthesis of endogenous opiates].

PMID- 4069075
TI  - [Driving fitness. Decrement caused by psychiatric disease and
      psychopharmaceuticals].

PMID- 4069076
TI  - [Diuretics--pharmacology, therapy, interactions].

PMID- 4069078
TI  - [Anxiety disorders: forms and causes].

PMID- 4069077
TI  - [Adverse actions of antidepressives].

PMID- 4069079
TI  - Routine immunization for adults.

PMID- 4069080
TI  - Biosynthetic growth hormone.

PMID- 4069081
TI  - Office tests for serum theophylline.

PMID- 4069082
TI  - Antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgery.

PMID- 4069083
TI  - Prevention of rotavirus infection by oral administration of cow colostrum
      containing antihumanrotavirus antibody.
AB  - After immunizing 8-month pregnant Holstein cows with human rotavirus, Wa strain,
      cow colostrum containing neutralizing antibody to human rotavirus, designated as
      Rota colostrum, was obtained. After randomly grouping 13 infants from a single
      orphanage, 6 infants received 20 ml of Rota colostrum every morning and 7 control
      infants received 20 ml of market milk. One month later, rotavirus associated
      diarrhea was observed in 6 of the 7 infants given milk and 1 out of the 6 infants
      given Rota colostrum. Orally administered Rota colostrum significantly protected
      infants from diarrhea caused by rotavirus (P less than 0.05). Two out of 5 Rota
      colostrum recipients who were free from diarrhea showed rises in complement
      fixation (CF) antibody titer after the rotavirus infection epidemic. Thus, Rota
      colostrum prevented the outbreak of diarrhea but did not prevent immunological
      responses to natural rotavirus infection. In the therapeutic trial Rota colostrum
      had no effect on duration of diarrhea, bowel movements or virus shedding in
      stool. However, there were no side-effects of Rota colostrum.

PMID- 4069085
TI  - Interrelations of radiocalcium absorption tests and their clinical relevance.
AB  - Intestinal absorption of radiocalcium from an oral test dose was measured in 84
      patients with various disorders of bone and calcium metabolism. In each subject,
      five different methods were used to assess intestinal absorption and the
      estimates obtained were compared inter- and intra-individually. The whole-body
      counting technique was chosen as reference method and as a basis for comparison
      of the other four estimates. Plasma levels of radiocalcium after oral
      administration seem to provide a simple and rapid test which may serve its
      purpose in various clinical situations. Fractional intestinal calcium absorption
      can be assessed equally well by the whole-body counting technique, the double
      isotope method or the double-isotope deconvolution technique, since these methods
      yield comparable results. The deconvolution technique additionally provides a
      quantitative description of the absorptive process of calcium with respect to
      time.

PMID- 4069084
TI  - Interactions between tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and phosphate uptake
      by proximal renal cells and renal brush border membranes.
AB  - Glucose and other hexoses as well as amino acids have been shown to inhibit the
      renal transport of phosphate (Pi). Although studies with renal brush border
      membrane vesicles showed that such an inhibitory effect on Pi transport is due to
      the dissipation of the Na electrochemical gradient, the mechanism(s) responsible
      for such an action in the intact cell is not clear. The present study examined
      the effects of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates (succinate and
      fumarate) and acetate on the uptake of Pi and alpha-methylglucoside (AMG) at 37
      degrees C by intact rabbit renal cells. These TCA cycle compounds significantly
      (p less than 0.05) inhibited the uptake of both Pi and AMG. In the presence of 5
      10 mM succinate the ATP content of the renal cells increased by 40% (p less than
      0.02). Inhibition of succinate-induced gluconeogenesis by 3-mercaptopicolinic
      acid did not modify the inhibition of Pi uptake. Studies with renal brush border
      membrane vesicles showed that succinate inhibited Pi uptake at 15 and 60 s but
      not at 1 s and only under conditions of Na gradient (outside greater than
      inside). Succinate did not inhibit Pi uptake during Na equilibrium conditions.
      The data demonstrate that the succinate-induced inhibition of the Pi uptake by
      intact proximal renal cells is not due to competition for metabolic energy, is
      not related to stimulation of gluconeogenesis nor due to allosteric interaction
      between Pi carrier and succinate transporter. The results support the notion that
      the inhibition of Pi uptake by succinate in the intact renal cell is due to
      dissipation of the Na chemical gradient.

PMID- 4069086
TI  - Blood pressure effects of acute hypercalcemia in normal subjects and
      thyroparathyroidectomized patients.
AB  - The effect of acute hypercalcemia on blood pressure and plasma catecholamine
      levels was investigated in 10 normal subjects and in 5 patients completely
      thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) for a parathyroid cancer. In normal subjects,
      calcium infusion (15 mg/kg over 3 h) significantly increased plasma calcium and
      epinephrine levels and blood pressure. Plasma norepinephrine was increased only
      after 3 h of calcium infusion. In TPTX patients, calcium infusion increased
      significantly plasma calcium and epinephrine but not blood pressure. The percent
      increase in mean blood pressure during calcium infusion correlated with the
      concomitant percent increase in serum calcium in normal subjects (r = 0.71, p
      less than 0.001) but not in TPTX patients (r = -0.08). These data are in
      agreement with the hypothesis that the effect of calcium on arterial pressure is
      realized under intact parathyroid function.

PMID- 4069087
TI  - Changing patterns of femoral and skeletal mineralization during growth in
      juvenile X-linked hypophosphatemic mice.
AB  - Femoral and skeletal mineralization were studied in normal and X-linked
      hypophosphatemic (Hyp) mice from birth to 13 weeks of age. Although the Hyp mice
      were continuously hypophosphatemic, their body weight, trunk length, femoral ash
      weight and total body calcium content were not significantly affected through 3
      weeks of age. Tail length and femoral length were depressed by less than 10%.
      Between 3 and 7 weeks of age the normal mice continued their rapid growth, but
      there was little further lengthening of the femur or tail in the Hyp mice; body
      weight and trunk length fell behind the normals; and there was no further
      accumulation of femoral ash weight or total body calcium and little increase in
      total body phosphate. After 7 weeks of age the Hyp mice resumed accumulation of
      femoral and total body mineral.

PMID- 4069088
TI  - Effect of potassium depletion on acidosis-induced changes in plasma potassium
      concentration.
AB  - It is unknown whether acute metabolic acidosis causes increases in plasma
      potassium concentration despite pre-existing potassium depletion. In fact, it has
      long been assumed clinically that acidosis-induced acute hyperkalemia may be
      masked by potassium depletion. In order to assess this question, moderate to
      severe potassium depletion was produced in 7 female mongrel dogs (potassium
      depleted group) over a 12-day period with injections of desoxycorticosterone
      acetate (DOCA), NaCl added to the drinking water, and a potassium-free diet. Six
      dogs (control group) received regular chow, identical NaCl supplements, and sham
      injections of DOCA. The achievement of potassium depletion was documented by
      significant differences between the two groups in urinary potassium and in muscle
      and plasma potassium levels (potassium-depleted group: 0.9 +/- 0.2 mEq/24 h, 19
      +/- 3 mEq/100 g dry weight, 1.9 +/- 0.1 mEq/1; control group: 44 +/- 11 mEq/24 h
      [p less than 0.025], 30 +/- 1 mEq/100 g [p less than 0.005], 3.5 +/- 0.1 mEq/l [p
      less than 0.005]). There were no statistically significant differences between
      the groups in blood pH or [HCO3]. On day 13, an NH4Cl acid-load was given (5
      mEq/kg body weight i.v. over 3 h in 0.45% NaCl using pentobarbital anesthesia).
      Following acid-loading, the increases in plasma [K] were significantly greater in
      the control group than in the potassium-depleted group only at 90 and 120 min.
      There were no significant differences in the maximal increases from baseline in
      plasma [K] (potassium-depleted group: 0.6 +/- 0.1 mEq/l, 31 +/- 6%; control
      group: 1.5 +/- 0.4 mEq/l, 41 +/- 10%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4069089
TI  - Abstracts of the 1st biannual meeting of the American Society of Renal
      Biochemistry and Metabolism. May 17-19, 1985, Cancun, Mexico.

PMID- 4069091
TI  - [Immunoglobulins in children with recurrent respiratory infections and in healthy
      children in a Sicilian population sample].

PMID- 4069090
TI  - [Hereditary spherocytosis. Cases from the Pediatric Clinic].

PMID- 4069093
TI  - [Congenital esophago-tracheal fistula without esophageal atresia. Clinico
      diagnostic considerations in 3 cases].

PMID- 4069092
TI  - [Clinico-epidemiologic survey of 84 cases of neonatal bacterial sepsis].

PMID- 4069094
TI  - [Description of a case of visceral leishmaniasis. Epidemiologic, diagnostic and
      therapeutic considerations].

PMID- 4069096
TI  - Minnesota's public teaching hospitals. Adapting to change.

PMID- 4069095
TI  - [Thyroxine and triiodothyronine in substitution therapy in patients with primary
      hypothyroidism].

PMID- 4069097
TI  - Physician redistribution in Minnesota and the 84,000 square mile classroom.

PMID- 4069098
TI  - Runner's anemia or "I wonder where the blood went". A personal experience.

PMID- 4069099
TI  - A child with obstructive sleep apnea.

PMID- 4069100
TI  - MMIE malpractice claim review. Pathology.

PMID- 4069101
TI  - Summary of changes to the Minnesota Medical Practice Act.

PMID- 4069102
TI  - PRO release of medical information. Implications for Missouri physicians and
      hospitals.

PMID- 4069103
TI  - The radiology of the talus.

PMID- 4069104
TI  - Ankylosing spondylitis with cauda equina syndrome. Case report.

PMID- 4069105
TI  - Distribution of histone variants in the sea urchin chromatin fractions obtained
      by selective micrococcal nuclease digestion.
AB  - Chromatin fractions differing in their transcriptional activity were isolated by
      selective micrococcal nuclease digestion of nuclei from sea urchin embryos
      (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) at the gastrula and pluteus stage. The
      electrophoretic analysis of the chromatin proteins at the gastrula stage showed
      that a soluble, transcriptionally active fraction of chromatin was enriched with
      early variants of histones H1 and H2A. The early and late variants of histone H2A
      at the pluteus stage were distributed randomly between chromatin fractions.
      However, the content of both variants of histone H1 was essentially decreased in
      the soluble transcriptionally active fraction of chromatin.

PMID- 4069106
TI  - Analysis of conformation and function of the chromatin of the brain of young and
      old rats.
AB  - Digestion of nuclei of the cerebral hemisphere of young (18-20 week) and old (90
      97 week) rats by DNase I shows that the rate and extent of digestion is lower in
      the old. Time course analysis of the DNA fragments produced by DNase I by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that more of the lower base pair
      fragments are produced in the young. Also, the rate of production of these
      fragments is higher in the young than in the old. Assay of template-engaged RNA
      polymerase II (alpha-amanitin sensitive) shows that in the old it is only about
      50% of that of the young. Addition of exogenous eukaryotic (wheat germ) RNA
      polymerase II is not able to restore transcription of the chromatin in the old to
      the level of the young. These data show that chromatin undergoes increasing
      condensation as a function of age, resulting in decreased transcriptional
      activity in old age.

PMID- 4069107
TI  - Interaction of high mobility group proteins HMG 1 and HMG 2 with nucleosomes
      studied by gel electrophoresis.
AB  - The binding of isolated high mobility group proteins HMG (1 + 2) with nucleosomes
      was studied using gel electrophoresis. The interaction of HMG (1 + 2) with
      mononucleosomes could be detected as a new discrete electrophoretic band with a
      decreased mobility only after cross-linking of HMG (1 + 2)-nucleosome complex by
      formaldehyde. Approximately two molecules of the large HMG proteins were bound
      per nucleosomal particle of a DNA length of approximately 185 base pairs, lacking
      histones H1 and H5. Using the same techniques, no binding was observed with core
      particles of a DNA length of approximately 145 base pairs.

PMID- 4069108
TI  - Preincubation of synaptosomes in the presence of sodium affects Ca2+ uptake.
AB  - Preincubation of synaptosomes in standard physiological medium stimulates 2-fold
      Ca2+ uptake as compared to non-preincubated synaptosomes. When the sodium
      concentration in the preincubation medium has been halved, Ca2+ uptake was
      reduced by approximately 50 percent. The addition of ouabain to the preincubation
      medium decreases depolarization-stimulated Ca2+ uptake by about 40 percent. A
      steady-state level of Ca2+ uptake is achieved by synaptosomes preincubated for 0,
      5 or 10 min. These findings suggest that Ca2+ uptake might depend on the Na
      gradient formed during the preincubation of synaptosomes under control
      conditions.

PMID- 4069109
TI  - Viscosity as an additional physico-chemical parameter for studying chromatin
      structure.
AB  - The viscosity values of chromatin in higher order structures, which range from
      0.1 to 0.4 dl/g, are considerably lower than those of isolated DNA. These low
      values are consistent with other physico-chemical parameters, such as
      sedimentation and diffusion coefficients. When deducing molecular mass and
      compact shape of chromatin molecules in solvents of nearly physiological ionic
      strength, all these parameters are in general agreement. A decrease in ionic
      strength increases viscosity and decreases s-value. Both effects are consistent
      with a chromatin model postulating a very compact quaternary structure which
      unravels in low ionic environment to an unfolded but not completely extended
      tertiary structure.

PMID- 4069110
TI  - Sensitivity of ortho- and paramyxovirus replication to human interferon alpha.
AB  - Replication of the influenza virus strains Influenza Ao/WSN (H0N1), fowl plague
      (Hav1N1) and B-Lee/40 (ATCC) and the paramyxovirus, New Castle disease virus
      (Victoria) are highly sensitive to human interferon type alpha in Madin Darby
      bovine kidney cells. Pretreatment of cells with human interferon type alpha
      resulted in protection of the cells against viral cytopathic effect. The
      inhibition of the orthomyxovirus strains used in this study and New Castle
      disease virus replication is mediated by an inhibition of viral protein
      synthesis. Residual WSN virus particles released from interferon treated cells
      showed the same structural protein pattern as virus particles isolated from
      control cells. Glycosylation of the viral structural components appeared to be
      unaffected by interferon.

PMID- 4069111
TI  - Human IgG1 and its Fc fragment bind with different affinities to the Fc receptors
      on the human U937, HL-60 and ML-1 cell lines.
AB  - Measurements were made of the binding of human monomeric 125I-IgG1 and 125I-Fc to
      U937 cells at room temp. Analyses of the binding data showed that these cells
      possessed a single class of receptor (FcR) for Fc or IgG and, although both
      ligands were found to bind to the same number of sites per cell, Fc was found to
      bind with about twice the affinity of IgG. At 20 degrees C estimates of the
      forward rate constants and the dissociation rate constants for IgG and Fe were
      1.13 and 3.65 X 10(7) M-1 min-1 and 0.33 and 0.57 X 10(-2) min-1 respectively.
      Independent determinations of the association constants (Ka) under the same
      experimental conditions gave values of 0.98 X 10(9) M-1 for IgG and 3.1 X 10(9) M
      1 for Fc. Thus the Fc fragment of IgG appears to bind to U937 FcR at 3-4 times
      the rate of IgG and to dissociate at about twice the rate, resulting in higher
      values of Ka for the Fc-FcR than for the IgG-FcR interaction. Also, in
      competitive-binding experiments and in EA rosette inhibition assay the Fc
      fragment was consistently found to be more efficient in FcR binding than IgG.
      Similar results were obtained using HL-60 and ML-1 cells which possess FcR like
      those on U937 cells and with IgG1 and Fc prepared from other myelomas. IgG and Fe
      which had undergone mild reduction and alkylation bound to the same number of FcR
      per U937 cell as the non-reduced ligands but the affinity of binding was
      diminished to a similar degree with both ligands, suggesting that the major
      effect of cleavage of the interchain disulfide bonds on cytophilic binding is due
      to alteration of the native quaternary relationships of the C gamma 2 and C gamma
      3 domains.

PMID- 4069112
TI  - Alteration in the membrane fatty acid composition of human lymphocytes and
      cultured transformed cells induced by interferon.
AB  - The effects of interferon (IFN) treatment on the lipid composition of human
      peripheral blood lymphocytes or transformed cell line cells were investigated.
      The major phospholipid classes of lymphocytes as analyzed by 2-dimensional TLC
      and quantified by phosphorous content were phosphatidylcholine (PC, 43%) and
      phosphatidylethanolamine (PE, 28%), along with phosphatidylserine (9%) and
      phosphatidylinositol (8%). The membrane-impermeant reagent,
      trinitrobenzenesulfonate was used to covalently label cell surface PE. Fatty acid
      (FA) composition, determined by gas-liquid chromatography, showed a distinct
      pattern in each lipid class, with a predominance of 16 and 18 carbon fatty acids
      (FA) in PC and PE respectively. Arachidonic acid (20:4) and, to a lesser extent,
      docosahexanoic acid (22:6) were predominant in PE. The degree of unsaturation in
      each class, expressed as the ratio between unsaturated and saturated FA (U/S),
      was higher in PE (1.72) than in derivatized trinitrophenyl cell surface PE (TNP
      PE, 0.57) or PC (0.64). Treatment with IFN resulted in an increased U/S ratio in
      cell surface PE (1.10) but not in other PE species (1.46). A small increase in
      unsaturation (0.88) was also observed in PC. Most of the increase in TNP-PE U/S
      was accounted for by an increase in 20:4 and a concomitant decrease in 18:0.
      These alterations were observed in the absence of quantitative change in the
      principal phospholipid classes or in the FA composition of the total lipid
      extract. In K562, a transformed cell line with characteristics of the
      erythromyeloid lineage, PE was found to be the most saturated lipid class with a
      predominance of 18:0. In PC, 16:0 was most abundant. Among unsaturated FA, 18:1
      predominated in all lipid classes studied. Treatment with natural IFN alpha for
      30 hr generally resulted in a decrease in saturated FA and an increase in
      unsaturated FA, which was most marked in PE. The U/S ratio in PE was highest in
      K562 cells during the time of maximal cell proliferation as assessed by tritiated
      thymidine incorporation. TNP-PE simultaneously decreased. Daudi cells, a B
      lymphoblastoid cell line, demonstrated changes in FA composition of lipids with
      decreased saturated and monoenoic FA after IFN treatment, whereas DIF3 (a clone
      selected for lack of sensitivity to IFN) showed no change. These studies document
      changes in membrane FA composition of lymphocytes treated with IFN and correlate
      IFN-induced changes in transformed cell line FA with effects on proliferation.
      They further show the existence of a transverse molecular species asymmetry of PE
      in the plasma membrane of these cells which is altered after IFN treatment.

PMID- 4069113
TI  - Interaction of bacterial Fc receptors with goat immunoglobulins.
AB  - The interaction of type I (staphylococcal protein A) and type III (streptococcal
      FcRc) bacterial Fc receptors with goat immunoglobulins has been studied.
      Staphylococcal protein A bound poorly to the majority of goat immunoglobulins at
      all pHs tested. There was some evidence that protein A bound IgG2 better than
      IgG1, particularly at pH 8 and above. One of 10 sera tested demonstrated a high
      level of reactivity with protein A and this was shown to correlate with the
      presence of a natural antibody to protein A. The streptococcal Fc receptors,
      FcRc, bound efficiently to all goat IgG and goat sera tested. Both goat IgG
      subclasses reacted efficiently with the FcRc between pH 6 and 8. Inhibition of
      binding of 125I-FcRc to immobilized goat IgG enabled levels of IgG in goat serum
      to be estimated. These results suggest the streptococcal FcRc will be of value as
      an immunochemical reagent in studies involving isolation and quantitation of goat
      immunoglobulins.

PMID- 4069114
TI  - Purification of two allergens from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus using
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Fractionation of soluble extracts from the house dust mite Dermatophagoides
      pteronyssinus (DP) by SDS-PAGE and crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) revealed
      at least fifty distinct protein components. Western blotting and crossed
      radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) indicated that fewer than one quarter of these
      components were allergens as determined by their ability to bind IgE from
      allergic individuals. Following immunization with a crude extract, two monoclonal
      antibodies were raised against distinct components which exhibited IgE binding
      capacities in Western blot and CRIE. Affinity chromatography using these
      monoclonal antibodies yielded components which elicited positive skin test
      reactions in patients allergic to DP.

PMID- 4069115
TI  - [Erythema migrans disease. 3 case examples with neurologic complications].
AB  - The erythema-migrans-disease is closely related to Lyme-disease as described in
      the USA, and represents a tickborne spirochetosis with highest incidence during
      summer and autumn. Besides nonspecific general symptoms in its earlier stages, it
      is characterized by a distinctive erythema migrans; later, additional
      neurological, cardiac and/or arthritic symptoms may develope. Its typical
      neurologic complication, the lymphocytic meningoradiculitis Garin-Bujadoux
      Bannwarth, was observed in three children whose clinical features illustrate the
      great variability of symptoms of Erythema-migrans-disease. Serological tests for
      specific spirochete antibodies are valuable aids in differential diagnosis,
      especially for cases with late complications if a tick bite is not remembered, or
      as is not uncommon, the typical skin lesion has not occurred, or has not been
      noted. Antibiotic therapy with penicillin or tetracycline is a successful
      treatment of the earlier stages of the disease and can prevent, or at least
      ameliorate, subsequent complications.

PMID- 4069116
TI  - [Prognosis of children with congenital tricuspid and pulmonary atresia 1967-83 in
      comparison with the natural course].
AB  - 46 Children with tricuspid atresia, 56 with pulmonary atresia and ventricular
      septal defect (VSD) and 33 with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum
      were diagnosed and treated at the University's Children's Hospital Tubingen
      between 1967 and 83. Their age distribution and mortality is compared to 91
      autopsy-proven cases of tricuspid atresia, 123 cases of pulmonary atresia with
      VSD and 41 cases without VSD, reported in the time between 1783 and 1945 showing
      the natural history of these malformations. Inspite of intensive medical and
      operative therapy, the results of which are reported in detail, mortality
      continues to be high: 55% of our patients with tricuspid atresia die within the
      first year of life, 60-62% within the first 2 years (in the bibliographical
      collective 64% and 73%), 53-61% of patients with pulmonary atresia and VSD die
      within the first, 61-68% within the first 2 years (in the bibliographical
      collective 74% and 78%), and 78% of patients with pulmonary atresia without VSD
      within the first year, 88% within the first 2 years of life (in the bibliographic
      collective 95% and 97%).

PMID- 4069117
TI  - [Effect of cocoa on excretion of oxalate, citrate, magnesium and calcium in the
      urine of children].
AB  - Cocoa is a strong carrier of oxalic acid (average: 400 mg per 100 g). In three
      calcium oxalate stone formers clinical observation had been suggestive of
      excessive intake of cocoa products contributing to calculus formation. We studied
      the effect on renal oxalate excretion of an oral cocoa load (30 g per m2 body
      surface given on 2 consecutive days) in 12 former stone formers (group 1), 14
      children with isolated microscopic haematuria (group 2), 13 healthy boys (group
      3), and 12 healthy girls (group 4). A new enzymatic method was used to measure
      oxalic acid in cocoa products as well as in urine samples by a two step reaction:
      1. Oxalate decarboxylase, 2. formiate dehydrogenase with photometry of NADH. In
      addition, the daily excretion of the following substances was measured: Citrate,
      magnesium, and calcium. There was a significant increase of urinary oxalate
      excretion from an average of 14.5 mg/24 hours before to an average of 22.2 mg/24
      hours after the load in healthy children, and a similar increase in stone
      formers, but not in children with microscopic haematuria. The excretion of
      citrate and magnesium did not change following cocoa intake. The calcium
      excretion was higher in stone formers than in the other groups, but the
      difference was significant only compared to group 2. It is concluded that the
      risk of calculus formation may increase following continuous and excessive intake
      of cocoa products in children with a tendency toward hypercalciuria. Counselling
      of the stone formers resulted in a marked drop of the daily oxalate excretion,
      and there was no recurrence of calculus formation over a period of 6
      years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4069119
TI  - [Status of preventive vaccinations in Bavaria 1985--5 years following the
      assumption of costs by legal health insurance].

PMID- 4069118
TI  - [Psychosocial dwarfism].
AB  - A 4 year old girl with psychosocial dwarfism showed hepatomegaly, abdominal
      distension and behavioral disturbances. Laboratory tests revealed a reversible
      elevation of serum liver enzymes and a reversible partial growth hormone
      deficiency. The child's family was characterised by severe social problems and
      all signs of a depriving and child abusing environment. All pathologic findings
      were reversed by removing the child from her depriving family background. This
      case demonstrates that psychosocial dwarfism represents an aspect of child abuse
      (battered child syndrome).

PMID- 4069120
TI  - [11th annual meeting of the Society of Pediatric Neurology. 4-6 October 1985,
      Vienna. Abstracts].

PMID- 4069121
TI  - Murine NK cell heterogeneity: subpopulations of C57BL/6 splenic NK cells detected
      by NK-1.1 and NK-2.1 antisera.
AB  - NK-1.1 antiserum - (BALB/c X C3H)F1 anti-CE - and NK-2.1 antiserum - NZB anti
      BALB/c - detect genetically distinct alloantigens on C57BL/6 natural killer (NK)
      cells. We have analyzed whether these two alloantigens are associated with
      functional subsets of NK cells. For this study, nylon wool nonadherent C57BL/6
      spleen cells (SC) were treated with complement (C) and NK-1.1 or NK-2.1 antisera
      and then tested for NK activity against a panel of tumor targets in 6- and 19
      hour 51Cr release assays. The NK activity against the prototype NK target YAC-1
      was reduced equally by both antisera. Similar reductions by both antisera were
      also observed when SC were tested against another murine lymphoma target,
      L5178c127v, against the C57BL/6 melanoma B16, and against the human liver cell
      line Chang. In contrast, NK activity to the lymphoma FBL-3 and the human
      erythroleukemia K562 was significantly reduced in SC treated with NK-2.1
      antiserum and C, whereas SC treated with NK-1.1 antiserum and C showed either
      less reduction or no reduction in activity against these two cell lines. With two
      other targets, E male G2 and RBL-5, neither serum produced significant depletion
      of activity, Analysis of SC indirectly labeled with either NK-1.1 or NK-2.1
      antiserum and fluorescein-labeled goat anti-mouse Ig, however, did not detect
      significant differences between NK-1+ and NK-2+ cell populations.

PMID- 4069122
TI  - Leukemogenesis by methylnitrosourea in BDF1 mice. The origin of transplantable
      cells and the activity of the natural killer cells during the preleukemic period.
AB  - BDF1 mice injected with methylnitrosourea (MNU, 50 mg/kg) developed T cell
      leukemias within 9-35 weeks (median induction time 18 weeks). Leukemic cells,
      determined by transplantation, were found 2-5 weeks before the death of the
      animals. Natural killer (NK) cell activity in the spleen and peritoneal exudate
      cells was studied using YAC-1 cells as targets. MNU-treated mice showed reduced
      lytic activity with or without stimulation by Corynebacterium parvum. NK activity
      was essentially the same in mice with and without transplantable leukemic cells.
      No correlation could be demonstrated between the degree of NK cell depression, as
      studied in the spleen after splenectomy, and the survival time of individual
      mice.

PMID- 4069123
TI  - Natural immunity and biological response. Modification for the therapy of cancer
      and other diseases. International symposium, Honolulu, Hawaii, November 10-12,
      1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4069124
TI  - The impact of out-of-home care on child-mother attachment quality: another look
      at some enduring questions.

PMID- 4069125
TI  - Early social development in institutionally reared Greek infants: attachment and
      peer interaction.

PMID- 4069126
TI  - The relationship between quality of attachment and behavior problems in preschool
      in a high-risk sample.

PMID- 4069127
TI  - Attachment security, mother-child interaction, and temperament as predictors of
      behavior-problem ratings at age three years.

PMID- 4069128
TI  - Current perspectives in attachment theory: illustration from the study of
      maltreated infants.

PMID- 4069129
TI  - Maternal sensitivity and newborns' orientation responses as related to quality of
      attachment in northern Germany.

PMID- 4069130
TI  - Security of infant-mother, -father, and -metapelet attachments among kibbutz
      reared Israeli children.

PMID- 4069131
TI  - Infant temperament, mother's mode of interaction, and attachment in Japan: an
      interim report.

PMID- 4069132
TI  - [Light microscopy study of intact and damaged rat liver cell cultures].

PMID- 4069133
TI  - [Osteoblastoma of the spine].

PMID- 4069134
TI  - [Socio-political significance of forensic medicine].

PMID- 4069135
TI  - [Relation of temporary forensic medical personnel and consultants to forensic
      institutes and offices].

PMID- 4069136
TI  - [Factors and conditions determining the individual's tolerance of imprisonment].

PMID- 4069137
TI  - [Infantile sarcoidosis detected by needle biopsy of the liver].

PMID- 4069138
TI  - [The avidin-biotin method].

PMID- 4069139
TI  - [Heart aneurysm of traumatic origin in childhood].

PMID- 4069140
TI  - Mutagenic activities of dictamnine and gamma-fagarine from dictamni radicis
      cortex (Rutaceae).
AB  - A methanol extract of Dictamni Radicis Cortex exhibited a mutagenic effect on
      Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98 with S9 mix. Two mutagenic compounds in
      Dictamni Radicis Cortex were isolated on a Sephadex LH 20 column and silica gel
      column chromatography and by preparative TLC. These were identified as dictamnine
      and gamma-fagarine by UV, EI-Mass, 1H-NMR. Dictamnine and gamma-fagarine were
      mutagenic in strain TA100 and TA98 with S9 mix. The dose-response curves were
      linear in the range 10-40 micrograms. Dictamnine and gamma-fagarine had specific
      activities (His+/microgram) of about 50-70 revertant colonies in strain TA100,
      while in strain TA98 there were about 30-50 revertant colonies.

PMID- 4069141
TI  - Caffeine potentiation of propane sultone mutagenesis in barley.
AB  - Pre- and post-treatments with caffeine enhanced propane sultone (PS)-induced
      growth damage in barley. The caffeine post-treatments were, however, more
      effective in potentiating PS-induced growth damage and caused an additive effect
      on the frequency of chlorophyll mutations.

PMID- 4069142
TI  - Cells with multiple chromosome aberrations in control individuals.
AB  - Chromosome analysis for asymmetrical chromosome aberrations was performed on 48-h
      lymphocyte cultures from 12 young trainees who had recently commenced employment,
      in order to obtain control levels. In two of them, cells were found with multiple
      breaks and exchanges but when repeated 50 days later no evidence of such cells
      was found. The possible factors responsible for the origin of these cells and
      their subsequent disappearance are discussed with the conclusion that a viral
      etiology seems the most likely.

PMID- 4069143
TI  - Chromosomal abnormalities in soft coal open-cast mining workers.
AB  - Chromosome aberration tests on cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes were carried
      out in two groups of open-cast mining workers engaged in stripping operations
      (Group I) and digging operations (Group II), in a group of coal cleaning plant
      workers used as a positive control, and in a group of nonexposed subjects serving
      as matching controls. Peripheral blood samples in group I and group II miners
      were collected in March and June of 1984, the antimutagenic potential of long
      term prophylactic vitamin administrations (1 g of ascorbic acid given daily for a
      period of 3 months and 100 mg of vitamin A a day for two 5-day cycles) initiated
      after the first blood sampling was tested in group II miners. The frequency of
      aberrant cells (% AB.C.) found in the cultured lymphocytes of group I miners was
      increased at both times of measurement (2.41% AB.C. and 2.29% AB.C.), in group II
      miners given the vitamin prophylaxis it dropped significantly (P greater than
      0.01) from the initial 3.16% AB.C. in March to 1.77% AB.C. in June, and in the
      group of coal cleaning plant workers (1.30% AB.C.) it was more or less equal to
      that of matching controls (1.21% AB.C.). Implicitly, coal dust alone can hardly
      be made responsible for the rise in % AB.C. It appears that the increase in
      frequency of chromosome aberrations observed in soft coal open-cast mining
      workers rather reflects an increased risk of genetic injury due to exposure to
      ever-present fumes and fire hazards that may give rise to the mutagenic chemicals
      belonging to a class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The antimutagenic
      effect of ascorbic acid prophylaxis was characterized by a significant drop in %
      AB.C. and a speed-up of the lymphocyte cell cycle expressed as the proliferating
      rate index (PRI) whose value rose from the original 1.41 to 1.69, thus reaching
      the PRI value of matching controls (1.63).

PMID- 4069144
TI  - Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes in glass workers
      occupationally exposed to mineral oils.
AB  - Chromosome aberration tests were carried out in a group of 31 pressed glass
      makers operating an automatic line of press-and-blow machines known to release
      mineral oil mists containing relatively high concentrations of the mutagenic
      chemicals belonging to a class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The
      workers were exposed to the mineral oil aerosol levels that did not exceed the
      Czechoslovak maximum allowable concentration limit of 5 mg . m-1 of air. The
      tests revealed that the frequency of aberrant cells (% AB.C.) and the value of
      breaks per cell (B/C) ratio found in mineral oil-exposed workers were increased
      significantly, accounting for 4.65 +/- 0.29% AB.C. (0.0532 B/C) vs. 1.13 +/-
      0.19% AB.C. (0.0113 B/C) seen in matching controls. Also, a higher rate of
      dicentrics, reciprocal translocations and cells with pulverization was observed
      in this group of glass workers. These finding are considered as evidence
      suggesting that these workers might experience an increased risk of genetic
      injury due to exposure to mineral oil mists.

PMID- 4069145
TI  - Mutations induced by X-rays at the HPRT locus in cultured Chinese hamster cells
      are mostly large deletions.
AB  - We investigated the molecular basis of 19 X-ray-induced HPRT-deficient mutants of
      V79 Chinese hamster cells with Southern hybridisation techniques. 12 of those
      mutants suffer from a big deletion (greater than 10 kb) of HPRT DNA sequences.
      Cytological studies of chromosome preparations of those 12 deletion mutants
      showed that in at least 3 of these mutants part of the long arm of the X
      chromosome was lost. After correction for spontaneous arising mutations we
      estimate that at least 70-80% of X-ray-induced mutations are caused by large
      deletions.

PMID- 4069146
TI  - Distribution of the various radiation-induced chromosomal rearrangements in
      relation to the dose and sampling time.
AB  - The quantitative analysis of the chromosome rearrangements detected in 2128 R
      banded metaphases, obtained from gamma-irradiated human lymphocytes after 48 to
      96 h in culture is reported. Depending on the culture time, and possibly on the
      dose of radiation (from 1 to 3 Gy), the most frequent type of rearrangement was
      either dicentrics or reciprocal translocations. In first generation mitoses, the
      frequency of cells without rearrangement ranged from 0.66 to 0.18, and the mean
      number of rearranged chromosomes per cell from 0.79 to 3.28. The dose-response
      curve follows a quadratic function for dicentric aberration yields, but not for
      other rearrangements.

PMID- 4069147
TI  - Comparison of sister-chromatid exchange induced by photoactivated 3
      carbethoxypsoralen and 8-methoxypsoralen in human blood lymphocytes.
AB  - The induction of sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) by a photoactivated
      monofunctional derivative of psoralen, 3-carbethoxypsoralen (3-CPs) was compared
      with that of the bifunctional compound, 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP). Lymphocytes
      were exposed in vitro to a series of equimolar concentrations of the drugs as
      well as to increasing doses of long-wave ultraviolet light (UVA) and second
      division metaphases examined for SCE. The drugs or UVA per se did not influence
      the incidence of SCE. However, combination of the drug and UVA exposure resulted
      in a dose-dependent increase in SCE and such elevation was less pronounced with 3
      CPs as compared to 8-MOP. This difference between 3-CPs and 8-MOP could be due to
      the difference in the types of lesions induced/repaired in DNA.

PMID- 4069149
TI  - Microsome- and hepatocyte-mediated mutagenicity of hydroxyurea and related
      aliphatic hydroxamic acids in V79 Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - The potential of N-hydroxyurea to induce gene mutations in V79 Chinese hamster
      cells was investigated. Upon metabolic activation by liver microsomes from
      phenobarbital-treated rats or by isolated rat hepatocytes co-cultured with the
      V79 cells, hydroxyurea caused a concentration-dependent increase in the frequency
      of HGPRT-deficient mutants. Hydroxyurea was not mutagenic in the absence of
      metabolic activation. Addition of catalase inhibited microsome-mediated
      mutagenicity, indicating that hydrogen peroxide was involved in the formation of
      the mutagenic DNA lesion. Acetohydroxamic acid and N-hydroxyurethane also induced
      hepatocyte-mediated mutagenicity, suggesting that the potential to elicit
      metabolism-dependent mutagenicity may be a common property of aliphatic
      hydroxamic acids.

PMID- 4069148
TI  - Difference in the response of two hybrid stocks of mice to X-ray induction of
      chromosome aberrations in spermatogonial stem cells.
AB  - Ionizing radiation induces balanced reciprocal translocations in spermatogonial
      stem cells of mice. From cells carrying these rearrangements, which can be scored
      cytologically in the diakinesis-metaphase I stage, balanced normal, balanced
      translocated and unbalanced (duplication/deficiency) sperm can be produced. The
      relationship between expected (calculated from cytological data) and observed
      frequencies of embryonic lethality (presumably as a result of unbalanced sperm
      fertilizing the egg) following exposure of spermatogonial stem cells to X-rays
      was studied in two hybrid stocks. A marked difference in the incidence of induced
      embryonic lethality was found between the two stocks. Similarly, a difference in
      the cytological frequencies of translocations was also found, although smaller
      than that observed for embryonic lethality. Thus, it appears that the difference
      between the two stocks in the frequencies of embryonic lethality may be
      attributable both to processes occurring prior to metaphase I and to a difference
      in the rate of transmission of unbalanced chromosome constitutions.

PMID- 4069150
TI  - Recovery of growth-arrested human fibroblasts from UV-induced lethal damage is
      inhibited by low cell density or sodium butyrate.
AB  - The influence of growth arrest on recovery from UV-induced lethal damage in human
      fibroblasts was investigated. Cells were arrested in G1 either by confluent
      holding (high cell density at 37 degrees C) or by temperature holding (low cell
      density at 30 degrees C) or by a combination of both methods. These experiments
      showed that survival recovery only occurred in cells arrested at high cell
      density, both at 37 degrees C and at 30 degrees C, and not in cells arrested at
      low cell density at 30 degrees C. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the rate
      of transcription in unirradiated cells arrested at high density, both at 37
      degrees C and at 30 degrees C, was much lower compared to that in cells arrested
      at low density. These observations can be explained by assuming that impaired
      transcription is responsible for UV-induced cytotoxicity and that recovery of RNA
      synthesis due to repair of damage in transcriptionally active genes may account
      for survival recovery. Sodium butyrate did not influence the absence of recovery
      during low temperature holding at low density but inhibited survival recovery
      during confluent holding. Sodium butyrate might prevent survival recovery at high
      cell density by inducing a chromatin structure resembling that of untreated cells
      arrested at low density.

PMID- 4069151
TI  - Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Trichophyton mentagrophytes
      microconidia by polymorphonuclear leucocytes in patients with tinea infections
      and controls.

PMID- 4069152
TI  - Investigations on the chemotactic and phagocytic activities of circulating
      monocytes in chronic dermatophytosis.

PMID- 4069153
TI  - Determination of amphotericin B in human serum by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 4069154
TI  - Occurrences of keratinophilic fungi in animals of the zoological park of Rome.

PMID- 4069155
TI  - [Occurrence of yeasts in deep carious cavitation].

PMID- 4069156
TI  - The mechanism and rate of glucose transfer from male to female schistosomes.
AB  - Short-term in vitro pulse-labeling of the free glucose pool in pairs of
      Schistosoma mansoni, and measurement of the increase in [14C]glucose in the
      female partner (and the concomitant decrease in the male), has established that
      glucose can be transferred from male to female schistosomes. It is demonstrated
      that this transfer is not inhibited by ouabain in S. mansoni. Free glucose levels
      have been measured in Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma japonicum and S.
      mansoni. Data indicate that the transfer of glucose is not via an active
      mechanism, but rather the transfer of glucose occurs along a glucose
      concentration gradient which exists between males and females.

PMID- 4069157
TI  - Extracellular development of Plasmodium knowlesi erythrocytic stages in an
      artificial intracellular medium.
AB  - The development of erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium knowlesi separated from
      their host cells has been determined in terms of the capacity of the isolated
      organisms to carry out the synthesis and secretion of proteins. P. knowlesi
      trophozoites and schizonts were released from host cells by nitrogen
      decompression and cultivated in a medium consisting of 20 mM Na+; 120 mM K+; 1 mM
      Mg2+; no Ca2+; 100 mM Cl-; 20 mM HCO3-; 5 mM Hepes [pH 6.73], glucose, vitamins,
      amino acids and 10% fetal calf serum. The yield was about 97% intact parasites,
      judging by their ability to maintain a membrane potential, and these parasites
      had more than 80% the capacity of infected cells for nuclear replication and
      macromolecule biosynthesis. Pulse and pulse-chase labeling studies with
      [35S]methionine show that parasite-synthesized proteins with Mr 160 000, 140 000,
      100 000 and 58 000 are exported from the parasite in soluble form. Proteins with
      Mr 140 000, 100 000, 58 000-60 000, 40 000 were recovered in a particulate
      fraction isolated from the parasite culture fluid. An Mr 62 000 protein
      synthesized in large amounts by isolated parasites during the last 2h of the
      developmental cycle, could not be detected in infected erythrocytes, and a minor
      early Mr 74 000 protein becomes prominent in free parasites but not infected
      cells toward the end of the developmental cycle. Parasite-synthesized proteins
      with Mr 230 000, 160 000, 140 000, 62 000, 58 000 and 45 000 were labeled by
      incubation with radioactive N-acetylglucosamine during short term incubation in
      vitro. About 80% of label incorporation occurred via N-glycosylation supported by
      dolichol derived from the blood, and about 20% via glycolytic intermediates.

PMID- 4069158
TI  - Intramitochondrial localization of fumarate reductase, NADPH----NAD
      transhydrogenase, 'malic' enzyme and fumarase in adult Hymenolepis diminuta.
AB  - The intramitochondrial localization of the fumarate reductase, NADPH----NAD
      transhydrogenase, 'malic' enzyme and fumarase was determined in adult Hymenolepis
      diminuta. The distribution of marker enzymes for the inner membrane, matrix,
      intermembrane space and outer membrane of H. diminuta mitochondria simulated that
      of the corresponding ascarid and mammalian organelles. The electron transport
      coupled fumarate reductase and the NADPH----NAD transhydrogenase were components
      of the inner membrane whereas the 'malic' enzyme and fumarase were in the matrix
      soluble compartment. Assessments of NADH utilization, malate-dependent NADP
      reduction and NADPH----NAD transhydrogenation by presumedly intact and disrupted
      mitochondria supported the localization data. The findings presented indicate
      that in H. diminuta mitochondria (a) NADPH and fumarate are accumulated within
      the matrix compartment; (b) transhydrogenation between NADPH and NAD is an event
      associated with the matrix side of the inner membrane; and (c) electron transport
      dependent NADH oxidation and fumarate reduction occur at sites on the matrix side
      of the inner membrane.

PMID- 4069159
TI  - The risk of myocardial infarction after quitting smoking in men under 55 years of
      age.
AB  - We assessed the effect of quitting cigarette smoking on the incidence of nonfatal
      myocardial infarction in men under the age of 55 in a case-control study of 1873
      men with first episodes of myocardial infarction and 2775 controls. For "current"
      smokers (men who had smoked in the previous year) as compared with those who had
      never smoked, the estimated relative risk of myocardial infarction, adjusted for
      age, was 2.9 (95 per cent confidence interval, 2.4 to 3.4). Among exsmokers
      (those who had last smoked at least one year previously), the relative-risk
      estimate declined to a value close to unity for those who had abstained for at
      least two years; the estimate was 2.0 (1.1 to 3.8) for men who had abstained for
      12 to 23 months, and the estimates were about 1.0 for men who had abstained for
      longer intervals. The results were unchanged by allowance for multiple potential
      confounding factors. A similar pattern was apparent among exsmokers who had
      smoked heavily for many years; among those predisposed to a myocardial infarction
      because of family history, hypertension, or other risk factors; and among those
      with no apparent predisposition. The results suggest that the risk of myocardial
      infarction in cigarette smokers decreases within a few years of quitting to a
      level similar to that in men who have never smoked.

PMID- 4069160
TI  - Percutaneous catheter commissurotomy in rheumatic mitral stenosis.
AB  - We attempted percutaneous transcatheter-balloon mitral commissurotomy in eight
      children and young adults (9 to 23 years of age) with rheumatic mitral stenosis.
      The atrial septum was traversed by needle puncture, and an 8-mm angioplasty
      balloon was advanced over a guide wire. The atrial septal perforation was then
      dilated to allow passage of the valvuloplasty balloon catheter (18 to 25 mm)
      across the mitral annulus. Inflation of the transmitral balloon decreased the end
      diastolic transmitral gradient temporarily in all patients (from 21.2 +/- 4.0 mm
      Hg [mean +/- S.D.] to 10.1 +/- 5.5 mm Hg; P less than 0.001). The immediate
      decrease in the gradient was associated with increases in cardiac output (from
      3.8 +/- 1.0 to 4.9 +/- 1.3 liters per minute per square meter of body-surface
      area; P less than 0.01) and in the calculated mitral-valve-area index (from 0.73
      +/- 0.29 to 1.34 +/- 0.32 cm2 per square meter; P less than 0.001). Murmur
      intensity diminished immediately after commissurotomy in all patients. The
      greatest reduction in pressure gradient (76 to 95 per cent) occurred when the
      largest balloon (inflated diameter, 25 mm) was used in the smallest patients (0.9
      to 1.2 m2). The balloon commissurotomy produced minimal mitral regurgitation in
      only one child. Follow-up catheterization (at two to eight weeks) demonstrated
      persistence of hemodynamic improvement with evidence of partial restenosis in one
      patient. These early results indicate that balloon mitral commissurotomy can be a
      safe and effective treatment for children and young adults with rheumatic mitral
      stenosis.

PMID- 4069162
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 50-1985. A 41-year-old man with diffuse tracheal narrowing.

PMID- 4069161
TI  - Effects of affirmative action in medical schools. A study of the class of 1975.
AB  - In the early 1970s, affirmative-action programs were introduced to accomplish a
      number of social goals, including increasing the supply of minority physicians
      and improving the health care of the poor. To assess the success of such
      programs, we analyzed data on people who graduated from U.S. medical schools in
      1975 to determine how specialty choice, practice locations, patient populations
      served, and board-certification rates differ between minority and nonminority
      graduates. A larger proportion of minority graduates (55 per cent vs. 41 per
      cent, P less than 0.001) chose the primary-care specialties of family practice,
      general internal medicine, general pediatrics, and obstetrics-gynecology.
      Significantly more minority physicians (12 per cent vs. 6 per cent, P less than
      0.01) practiced in locations designated as health-manpower shortage areas by the
      federal government and had more Medicaid recipients in their patient populations
      (31 per cent for blacks, 24 per cent for Hispanics, 14 per cent for whites; P
      less than 0.001). Physicians from each racial or ethnic group served
      disproportionately more patients of their own racial or ethnic group (P less than
      0.001), but minority physicians did not serve significantly more persons from
      other racial or ethnic minority groups than did nonminority physicians. Many
      minority physicians served patient populations much like those of their
      nonminority colleagues, which indicates that substantial integration of the
      medical marketplace has taken place. Significantly fewer minority graduates had
      become board-certified by 1984 (48 per cent vs. 80 per cent, P less than 0.001),
      and most of this disparity was associated with differences in premedical-school
      characteristics and in the patient populations they served. Our analysis shows
      that minority graduates of the medical school class of 1975 are fulfilling many
      of the objectives of affirmative-action programs.

PMID- 4069164
TI  - Frozen embryos and policy issues.

PMID- 4069163
TI  - An affirmation of minorities in medicine.

PMID- 4069165
TI  - Follow-up at 41/2 years on homosexual men with generalized lymphadenopathy.

PMID- 4069166
TI  - Rubella reinfection and the fetus.

PMID- 4069167
TI  - Formation of N-nitrosamines from sodium nitroprusside and secondary amines.

PMID- 4069168
TI  - Cost containment by a naval armada.

PMID- 4069169
TI  - Smoke-free facilities in the Indian Health Service.

PMID- 4069170
TI  - Improved neurologic function after long-term correction of vitamin E deficiency
      in children with chronic cholestasis.
AB  - We studied the effect of long-term correction of vitamin E deficiency on
      neurologic function in 14 children with chronic cholestasis. Vitamin E repletion
      was achieved in all, either by large oral doses (up to 120 IU per kilogram of
      body weight per day) or by intramuscular administration of dl-alpha-tocopherol
      (0.8 to 2.0 IU per kilogram per day). With early institution of therapy,
      neurologic function remained normal in two asymptomatic children below the age of
      three years after 15 and 18 months of therapy. Neurologic function became normal
      in three symptomatic children below age three after 18 to 32 months of therapy.
      Restitution of neurologic function was more limited in nine symptomatic children
      5 to 17 1/2 years old after 18 to 48 months of therapy. We conclude that vitamin
      E repletion therapy should be initiated at an early age in children with chronic
      cholestasis complicated by vitamin E deficiency, to prevent irreversible
      neurologic injury.

PMID- 4069171
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 51-1985. A 78-year-old woman with bilateral renal masses.

PMID- 4069172
TI  - HTLV-III exposure during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

PMID- 4069173
TI  - Acute fatty liver of pregnancy.

PMID- 4069174
TI  - First-trimester diagnosis of maple syrup urine disease on intact chorionic villi.

PMID- 4069175
TI  - Reduction of temperature and lithium poisoning.

PMID- 4069176
TI  - The importance of accurate and precise aluminum levels.

PMID- 4069177
TI  - Bearing the news.

PMID- 4069178
TI  - Regional ventilation in infancy. Reversal of adult pattern.
AB  - There is evidence that in infants with unilateral lung disease, oxygenation
      improves when the good lung is uppermost--the reverse of the situation in adults.
      We performed krypton-81m ventilation scanning in 18 infants and very young
      children (11 days to 27 months old) with and without abnormal chest radiographs.
      Scanning was performed with the subject supine, in the left decubitus posture
      (right lung uppermost), and in the right decubitus posture (right lung
      dependent). Fractional ventilation to the right lung fell when that lung was
      dependent and rose when it was uppermost (P less than 0.001). This pattern was
      seen regardless of the appearance of the chest radiograph. The distribution of
      ventilation away from dependent lung regions represents a reversal of the adult
      pattern, which may be due to differences between infants and adults in lung
      mechanics and diaphragmatic function. This study adds further weight to the
      argument that infants and very young children with unilateral lung disease should
      be positioned with their normal lung uppermost to optimize gas exchange. It also
      offers a rational explanation for the observation that infants with unilateral
      gas trapping can be successfully treated by placing them so that the diseased
      lung is dependent.

PMID- 4069179
TI  - Spontaneous regression of Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with AIDS.

PMID- 4069180
TI  - IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen: a marker of infectivity.

PMID- 4069181
TI  - A possible relation between oxytocin for induction of labor and sudden infant
      death syndrome.

PMID- 4069182
TI  - A role for platelets in the process of infarct extension?

PMID- 4069183
TI  - Long-term moderate drinking among alcoholics discharged from the hospital.

PMID- 4069184
TI  - Aspiration of baby powder.

PMID- 4069185
TI  - Burning chest pain.

PMID- 4069186
TI  - The market or the government.

PMID- 4069187
TI  - The attending at the funeral.

PMID- 4069188
TI  - Apartheid and academic boycott.

PMID- 4069189
TI  - Effect of phytate on aflatoxin formation by Aspergillus parasiticus grown on
      different grains.
AB  - Aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus on corn, soybean, and cottonseed
      in the absence or presence of added sodium phytate was examined. No variation in
      aflatoxin concentrations was found in raw, chemically sterilized, or autoclaved
      soybeans whereas a five-fold reduction in total aflatoxins was found in
      cottonseed after addition of 330 micrograms sodium phytate to 10 g of autoclaved
      material. However, phytate did not affect aflatoxin production on non-sterile
      cottonseeds, although in corn a slight inhibition was found. Extraction of raw
      soybeans with hexane allowed production of 20-fold more aflatoxins, but levels
      were still lower than those found on rice or corn. Part of this relative
      inhibition in soybeans may arise from a heat-unstable, polar solvent-soluble,
      dialyzable factor present in soybeans. Our results support the conclusion that
      phytate is not the factor in soy responsible for its relative resistance to
      aflatoxin formation.

PMID- 4069190
TI  - Association of anurans with pathogenic fungi.
AB  - In a study of 450 Amazonian anurans, we isolated yeasts and yeast-like fungi from
      54 animals (Bufo granulosus, B. marinus, Dendrophrynyscus sp., Hyla geographica,
      H. lanciformes, Ololygon rubra, Adenomera hylaedactyla, Eleutherodactylus
      fenestratus, Leptodactylus fuscus, L. ocellatus, L. pentadactylus). The internal
      organs of these animals did not show any macroscopic anomaly nor histopathology.
      We recovered 105 fungal isolates from the anuran liver, lung, kidney, spleen,
      heart and gonad. The isolates were made up of 30 fungal species, 9 of which (48
      isolates, 46%) were fungi with known pathogenic potentials, namely: Candida
      guilliermondii, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, Geotrichum candidum,
      Aureobasidium pullulans, Wangiella dermatitidis, Trichosporon cutaneum and
      Exophiala werneckii. Eleven animals harbored identical fungi in more than one of
      their internal organs; seven animals had more than one fungal species colonizing
      a single organ. Our findings indicated probable natural subclinical infections of
      candidiasis, geotrichosis or phaeohyphomycosis, and also symbiotic presence of
      non-pathogenic fungi among neotropical anurans.

PMID- 4069191
TI  - Microsporid gonitis caused by Microsporum nanum.
AB  - The mycid reaction in the form of exudative gonarthritis was observed in the case
      of a 65-year-old farmer suffering from a profound mycosis of the chin.

PMID- 4069192
TI  - Experimental short time production of aflatoxins by Aspergillus parasiticus in
      mixed feeds as related to various moisture contents.
AB  - Experimental short time production of aflatoxins in mixed feeds at 22, 28 and 37
      degrees C as related to various moisture contents was studied. Growth of
      Aspergillus parasiticus was not observed in the meals with a moisture content
      ranging around 15% (22, 28 and 37 degrees C); the lowest quantifiable total
      aflatoxins at the fourth day was detected at 22 degrees C with 19.4% of moisture
      content; the higher total quantity of aflatoxins (113 mg/kg) was produced at 28
      degrees C with 29.3% of moisture content. The ratio aflatoxin B1/aflatoxin G1
      increased as the temperature raised.

PMID- 4069193
TI  - Incidence of dermatophytosis in Jordan with special reference to tinea capitis.
AB  - Clinical data on 1068 cases of dermatophytosis as well as mycological data on 382
      of these cases seen from March 1983 to September 1984 are reported. Tinea cruris
      was present in 34.1%, with Trichophyton rubrum and Epidermophyton floccosum
      isolated from 31% and 25% respectively. Tinea corporis was found in 17.9% of all
      patients of dermatophytosis with T. tonsurans responsible in 30.8%. Tinea pedis
      and Tinea unguium were present in 7.2% and 2% respectively, T. rubrum being the
      main causative agent; nail involvement was present in 27.3% of these cases. Tinea
      capitis was observed in 38.7% of 1068 dermatophytosis cases with T. violaceum and
      M. canis causing 48% and 32% of all T.C. cases respectively. The dermatophytic
      flora of the West Bank of Jordan apparently comprises about 14 dermatophytes, T.
      violaceum being the predominant agent of infection (in more than 34%). Other most
      common agents found in this survey were M. canis, T. rubrum, E. floccosum, T.
      schoenleini, T. tonsurans, and T. mentagrophytes.

PMID- 4069194
TI  - Embryo research. Chances of legislation fade.

PMID- 4069195
TI  - NIH veto doomed.

PMID- 4069196
TI  - India against AIDS.

PMID- 4069197
TI  - UK laboratory animals. Debate on legislation ahead.

PMID- 4069198
TI  - Cancer epidemiology. Mapping the mortality risks.

PMID- 4069199
TI  - Acupuncture boom punctured.

PMID- 4069200
TI  - Neuroanatomy. Antibodies to acetylcholine at last.

PMID- 4069201
TI  - Sequence curiosity in v-myc oncogene.

PMID- 4069202
TI  - Transposition of structural genes to an expression sequence on a linear plasmid
      causes antigenic variation in the bacterium Borrelia hermsii.
AB  - In Borrelia hermsii, a spirochaete that causes relapsing fever, the switch
      between expression of two frequent variable major protein (VMP) types (7 and 21)
      is associated with a DNA rearrangement. Both cell types 7 and 21 contain
      untranscribed 7 and 21 VMP genes on linear plasmids. The serotype 7 cells contain
      an additional copy of the 7 VMP gene fused to an expression sequence on another
      linear plasmid. Switching to the 21 serotype involves removal of the transcribed
      7 VMP gene and fusion of a copy of the 21 VMP gene to this same expression
      sequence. Thus recombination between linear plasmids can activate different VMP
      genes.

PMID- 4069203
TI  - Specific release of proteoglycans from human natural killer cells during target
      lysis.
AB  - Natural killer (NK) activity is mediated by a small population of peripheral
      blood cells that exhibit the homogeneous morphology of large granular lymphocytes
      (LGL). In recent studies, human NK cell clones have been shown to contain a
      200,000-Mr (relative molecular mass) protease-resistant chondroitin sulphate A
      proteoglycan, which has been localized to the secretory granule by X-ray
      dispersive analysis and by its resistance to cleavage by extracellular addition
      of chondroitinase AC or ABC (ref. 7). In the present study, we have used six
      different human NK cell clones to demonstrate that release of 35S-proteoglycan
      correlates closely with cytolytic activity against various NK cell targets. When
      NK activity is blocked by monoclonal antibodies at either the effector cell level
      (LFA-1) or at the target cell level (TNKTAR), there is a concomitant decrease in
      exocytosis of proteoglycan. Monoclonal antibodies directed against recognition
      structures, for example anti-NKTa and anti-T3 (ref. 10), function as soluble
      stimuli, capable of initiating the release of 35S-proteoglycan. Taken together,
      these results provide strong evidence for the stimulus-specific release of
      chondroitin sulphate A proteoglycans from NK cells when the cytolytic process is
      activated.

PMID- 4069204
TI  - AIDS in Japan. No screening of blood donors.

PMID- 4069205
TI  - More AIDS money.

PMID- 4069206
TI  - Soviet spaceflight. Medical hazards to cosmonauts.

PMID- 4069208
TI  - Japanese psychiatry.

PMID- 4069207
TI  - French experiment on coma patient.

PMID- 4069209
TI  - Developmental biology. A reversible epithelium.

PMID- 4069210
TI  - Human genetics. Measuring mutation in man.

PMID- 4069211
TI  - The human met oncogene is related to the tyrosine kinase oncogenes.
AB  - The met oncogene was previously isolated from a chemically transformed human cell
      line, MNNG-HOS. Recent evidence has demonstrated that two classes of transcripts
      are expressed from the met proto-oncogene locus. The met oncogene, however,
      expresses an aberrant RNA which has sequences in common with both transcripts. We
      now report partial nucleotide sequencing of the human met oncogene and show that
      met is related to the protein kinase oncogenes and growth factor receptors. The
      met nucleotide sequence is not identical to that of any published gene, and it is
      more closely homologous to the tyrosine kinases than to the serine/threonine
      kinases. Within the tyrosine kinase family, the sequenced met domains are most
      closely related to the human insulin receptor and the viral abl gene. In situ
      chromosome hybridization has mapped met to human chromosome 7 band 7q21-q31, a
      location distinct from that of other kinases. This is also a region associated
      with nonrandom chromosomal deletions observed in a portion of patients with acute
      nonlymphocytic leukaemia. The accompanying paper shows that this chromosomal
      locus is also tightly linked with the human heredity disease cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 4069212
TI  - Cancer research. Ludwig branch lab to close.

PMID- 4069213
TI  - Embryo research. West German rules proposed.

PMID- 4069214
TI  - UK money for AIDS.

PMID- 4069215
TI  - New strategies for AIDS therapy and prophylaxis.

PMID- 4069216
TI  - Patterns of engrailed and fushi tarazu transcripts reveal novel intermediate
      stages in Drosophila segmentation.
AB  - Transcripts of the engrailed and fushi tarazu genes in young Drosophila embryos
      are initially patterned in intervals larger than a single segment. The segmental
      pattern evolves in a stepwise sequence through successively smaller spatial
      units.

PMID- 4069217
TI  - Age-impaired impulse flow from nucleus basalis to cortex.
AB  - Recent studies have renewed interest in the role of acetylcholine (ACh) in the
      cognitive changes associated with ageing and dementia. Deficits in cortical
      choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in Alzheimer's disease have been consistently
      demonstrated, while other research has suggested a connection between
      deterioration of cortical ACh fibres and dementia. However, despite clear
      biochemical and anatomical evidence for a fall in ACh in dementia, results of
      therapeutic trials with cholinergic agonists, precursors and cholinesterase
      inhibitors have been inconsistent. Such findings suggest that cortical
      cholinergic disorders are not wholly a function of simple biochemical change;
      alterations of impulse flow along cholinergic fibres could well be as
      debilitating. An important extrinsic source of cortical ACh innervation derives
      from neurones diffusely located in rat basal forebrain, denoted the nucleus
      basalis (NB). We have now investigated the impulse conduction properties of
      cortically projecting, putatively cholinergic NB axons in adult and aged rats and
      have found that conduction latencies from NB to frontal cortex are significantly
      longer (by 51%) in aged animals. In addition, systematic analysis varying
      cortical stimulation depth revealed that these longer latencies are due entirely
      to decreased conduction velocities in the subcortical fibre projections. Indeed,
      intracortical velocities were virtually identical in the two groups. Our results
      indicate that ageing occasions a decrease in the temporal fidelity of impulse
      flow in the cholinergic input to the cortex from the NB, a previously overlooked
      but potentially important element in cognitive deficits that occur with age.

PMID- 4069218
TI  - Specific growth response of ras-transformed embryo fibroblasts to tumour
      promoters.
AB  - Chemical carcinogenesis is a process involving multiple steps, as shown in
      several in vivo experimental systems. Two early steps have been well
      characterized: initiation, achieved by a single, subthreshold dose of a
      carcinogen, and promotion, induced by repetitive treatments with a non
      carcinogenic tumour promoter. At the cellular level, establishment of the
      transformed phenotype is also a multi-step process and activation of several,
      independent genes appears to be required. Here we show that, like initiated
      cells, primary rat embryo fibroblasts (REFs) containing a ras but not a myc
      oncogene, are strongly and specifically stimulated to grow by tumour promoters.
      In the presence of these promoters, ras-containing REFs acquire the ability to
      overgrow normal cells in the monolayer and to form foci with 100% efficiency.
      Similar to the in vivo situation, promoter effects can be blocked by the
      concomitant application of retinoic acid.

PMID- 4069219
TI  - The immunodominant site of a synthetic immunogen has a conformational preference
      in water for a type-II reverse turn.
AB  - Many short synthetic peptides have now been shown to induce antibodies reactive
      with their cognate sequences in the intact folded protein. Aside from the
      usefulness of such antibodies as site-specific reagents, the frequency with which
      this recognition occurs has raised several theoretical issues, the central one
      being that of how an antibody to a short synthetic peptide, which represents one
      of the most disordered states of a site in a protein, can react with the more
      ordered version of the same sequence in the folded protein. This apparent paradox
      can be resolved if the target site on the protein approaches disorder or if the
      peptide in solution or on a carrier adopts, with significant frequency, a
      conformation compatible with that of the cognate site in the protein. Various
      studies already suggest that antigenic sites in proteins correspond to regions of
      high atomic mobility. We now show, using high-field nuclear magnetic resonance
      (NMR) spectroscopy, that a nonapeptide selected by several monoclonal antibodies
      as the immunodominant site of a 36-amino-acid immunogen (residues 75-110 of
      influenza virus haemagglutinin) adopts a highly populated type-II reverse-turn
      conformation in water. This suggests that in this case the antibodies have
      selected a sequence possessing a conformational preference. Apart from helping us
      to understand immunological recognition, anti-peptide antibodies may provide
      reagents of sufficient precision for an immunological approach to the problem of
      protein folding.

PMID- 4069220
TI  - MRC defends core of excellence.

PMID- 4069221
TI  - British pharmaceuticals. Spin-off for research.

PMID- 4069222
TI  - Soviets admit AIDS cases.

PMID- 4069223
TI  - Dioxin exposure at Monsanto.

PMID- 4069224
TI  - DNA fingerprinting in matters of family and crime.

PMID- 4069225
TI  - Traffic control and structural proteins in the eukaryotic nucleus.

PMID- 4069227
TI  - Biotechnology in Japan 1984--a mini-review. Part 2: Government agencies,
      universities and research institutes.
AB  - Major developments in Japanese biotechnology in 1984 are reviewed. Besides
      industry and academia, research associations (companies and governmental research
      institutions guided by ministries) carry out joint fundamental research in
      biotechnology. Another important long-range aspect is the Technopolis Concept,
      which aims at decentralizing research and technological activities.

PMID- 4069226
TI  - [Vitamin D-binding protein in human plasma. Analysis of genetic variation].
AB  - The vitamin-D-binding protein (DBP) also known as group-specific component (GC)
      is described. This transport protein for vitamin D and its metabolic derivatives
      has genetic variants which are disclosed by electrophoretic procedures or by
      isoelectric focusing. Three common and one hundred rare alleles are known. The
      biochemical, molecular and population genetics are briefly outlined as an example
      of inherited variability in man.

PMID- 4069228
TI  - Diminished order in the EEG of schizophrenic patients.

PMID- 4069229
TI  - Postnatal development of the circadian rhythm of thyrotropic cells in precocial
      and altricial mammals.

PMID- 4069230
TI  - White light of different spectral composition causes differential phase shifts of
      circadian rhythm of activity in a bat.

PMID- 4069231
TI  - Effects of dexamethasone on [3H]choline uptake by rat forebrain synaptosomes.
AB  - Dexamethasone (3-300 mumol/l) did not affect uptake of choline (1 mumol/l) by rat
      forebrain isolated nerve terminals (crude synaptosomal fraction). At
      concentrations which have been shown to increase choline uptake by rat superior
      cervical ganglion, dexamethasone had no effect on synaptosomal choline uptake at
      choline concentrations between 0.1 and 30 mumol/l, nor on choline uptake which
      had been partially inhibited either by hemicholinium-3 (0.1 mumol/l) or by
      reducing the NaCl concentration (0-140 mmol/l).

PMID- 4069232
TI  - Changes in the incidence and duration of ventricular fibrillation in dependence
      on the extraneuronal accumulation of isoprenaline in the perfused rat heart.
AB  - The relationship between the accumulation of isoprenaline and the incidence and
      duration of ventricular fibrillation was investigated in the perfused rat heart.
      Isolated rat hearts were perfused with 3H-isoprenaline (1 mumol/l) for 30 min at
      a constant flow rate of 6.5 ml/min at a temperature between 40 and 41 degrees C.
      Electrocardiograms were recorded during the perfusion period and the isoprenaline
      content of the tissue was measured after the perfusion. The accumulation of
      isoprenaline was significantly increased and the duration of ventricular
      fibrillation was significantly prolonged by the presence of tropolone (100
      mumol/l). When extraneuronal uptake inhibitors such as normetanephrine (100
      mumol/l), 3-O-methylisoprenaline (100 mumol/l) or phenoxybenzamine (1 mumol/l)
      were added to the perfusion fluid containing 3H-isoprenaline (1 mumol/l) and
      tropolone (100 mumol/l), the accumulation of isoprenaline was significantly
      decreased, the incidence of ventricular fibrillation was significantly reduced
      and the duration of ventricular fibrillation was significantly shortened. There
      was a significant correlation for dependence of duration of ventricular
      fibrillation on the isoprenaline content of rat hearts perfused with various
      extraneuronal uptake inhibitors in the presence of tropolone (correlation
      coefficient [r] = 0.62, P less than 0.001). These results indicate that the
      accumulation of isoprenaline in perfused rat hearts relates to the occurrence and
      duration of ventricular fibrillation.

PMID- 4069233
TI  - Importance of frequency and pulse with in field stimulation of the mouse vas
      deferens: different behaviour of twitch-inhibiting drugs.
AB  - The effect of six twitch-inhibiting drugs on the stimulus-response relationship
      in the field-stimulated mouse vas deferens was compared by means of stimulus
      response curves which were obtained in two ways, that is, variation of frequency
      at constant pulse width and variation of pulse width at constant frequency. The
      twitch-inhibiting potency (in the range of maximal twitch responses) differed
      with the type of stimulation in a way permitting two groups of substances to be
      defined: group A (tetrodotoxin, procaine, verapamil) was more effective on
      frequency-response curves and group B (FK 33-824, clonidine, nifedipine) on pulse
      width response curves; the latter applied also to subnormal calcium
      concentrations in the bath solution. The results suggest that the effect of
      inhibitory drugs on the field-stimulated vas of the mouse varies greatly with the
      type of field stimulation.

PMID- 4069234
TI  - [Artificial ventilation and still bicycling?].

PMID- 4069235
TI  - [Home artificial respiration of patients with a chronic neuromuscular disease].

PMID- 4069237
TI  - [Recombinant DNA and medicine. Abstracts].

PMID- 4069236
TI  - [Ibuprofen (everything the doctor would like to know about the new, safe
      analgesic and is afraid to ask)].

PMID- 4069238
TI  - [A Dutch chromosome abnormality in myelodysplasia?].

PMID- 4069239
TI  - [Nasopharyngeal torticollis (Grisel's syndrome)].

PMID- 4069240
TI  - [The clue of the missing thumb].

PMID- 4069241
TI  - [Collagen colitis].

PMID- 4069242
TI  - [Odontogenic inflammation of the maxillary sinus].

PMID- 4069243
TI  - [Dilemmas in the indication for radiotherapy following breast amputation].

PMID- 4069244
TI  - [The role of radiotherapy following amputation in the treatment of breast
      carcinoma].

PMID- 4069245
TI  - [Significance of the regional lymph node chains in metastasis of breast carcinoma
      and implications for treatment].

PMID- 4069246
TI  - [Nodules in the thyroid gland].

PMID- 4069247
TI  - [Atherosclerotic brain disorders in the hospital and in the national statistics
      of cause of death; the cerebrovascular accident (CVA)].

PMID- 4069248
TI  - [Medical sequelae of the contamination of wine with diethylene glycol].

PMID- 4069249
TI  - [Hypophyseal tumors not always easily recognizable].

PMID- 4069250
TI  - [The importance of consensus in medicine].

PMID- 4069251
TI  - [Ophthalmologic side effects of the use of cytostatic agents].

PMID- 4069252
TI  - [Atherosclerotic diseases of the peripheral vessels in the hospital and in the
      national cause-of-death statistics].

PMID- 4069253
TI  - [Electrofulguration as a sphincter-preserving treatment in rectal cancer].

PMID- 4069254
TI  - [Consensus development; a comparison between the United States and the
      Netherlands].

PMID- 4069255
TI  - [The silent child, a case of elective mutism].

PMID- 4069256
TI  - [The "villi test", safe, fast and reliable].

PMID- 4069257
TI  - [Colposcopy, a necessity in atypical cervix cytology].

PMID- 4069258
TI  - [Amniotic bands and the umbilical cord].

PMID- 4069259
TI  - [Conservative treatment of premalignant cervix disorders; a prospective study].

PMID- 4069260
TI  - [Results of prenatal diagnosis in 350 pregnant women in the 10th week of
      pregnancy].

PMID- 4069261
TI  - [Pregnancy and childbirth following conization of the cervix].

PMID- 4069262
TI  - [Discontinuation of the administration of food and liquids to patients].

PMID- 4069263
TI  - [A tired feeling in the legs].

PMID- 4069264
TI  - [Adoption, sperm donorship and confidentiality].

PMID- 4069265
TI  - [Various aspects of breast reconstruction].

PMID- 4069266
TI  - [Xerostomia. I. Causes and clinical implications].

PMID- 4069267
TI  - [Pneumodilatation as a treatment of esophageal achalasia].

PMID- 4069268
TI  - [Computerized tomographic studies of larynx carcinoma].

PMID- 4069269
TI  - [Regulation of the use of antimicrobial agents in a regional hospital and its
      effect on prescription behavior].

PMID- 4069270
TI  - [Surgical aspects of stomach partitioning in the treatment of morbid obesity].

PMID- 4069271
TI  - Revised American Heart Association recommendations for SBE prophylaxis.

PMID- 4069272
TI  - Capgras syndrome in court.

PMID- 4069273
TI  - The otolaryngic evaluation and management of the dizzy patient.

PMID- 4069274
TI  - [Analysis of the background activity of neurons of the anterior (limbic) nuclei
      of the thalamus in the rabbit].
AB  - Background activity recorded extracellularly from three anterior (limbic) nuclei
      of the thalamus was analyzed in chronic unanesthetized rabbits. The neurons of
      anteroventral nucleus possessed high mean frequency of discharges and highly
      differentiated dynamic patterns of activity with "inactivation bursts",
      modulation in delta- or theta-frequencies and episodic rhythmic discharges 12-14
      Hz correlated with EEG-spindles in the posterior cingulate cortex. The activity
      of anteromedial nucleus neurons was lower and much more uniform; it consisted of
      alternating randomized spikes and "inactivation bursts". The activity of
      anterodorsal nucleus neurons was represented mainly by high-frequency grouped
      discharges with long intergroup intervals.

PMID- 4069275
TI  - [Interrelation among properties of visual cortex neurons in the cat].
AB  - In acute experiments on immobilized cats 13 functional characteristics of 96
      visual cortex neurons were investigated. Regressional and cluster analyses were
      used to divide these neurons into two subgroups with different density and degree
      of connections between characteristics. The receptive fields of cells of the
      first subgroup were localized relatively centrally in the visual field, those of
      the second subgroup were localized more often on the periphery. A valuable
      correlation was found in the half of the studied characteristics. In each
      subgroup the more centrally localized cells with small receptive fields had
      relatively shorter latencies, lower thresholds, shorter temporal summation, wider
      intensity range and greater differential sensitivity; their responses were
      phasic, with high-frequency discharges. The density of valuable correlation of
      the characteristics varied from 0.21 to 0.99. The amount of these correlations in
      the first subgroup was two times higher than in the second one. The possible
      mechanisms of the correlation between the properties of the visual cortex neurons
      are discussed, as well as their differences in two subgroups and in the cortex
      and LGB.

PMID- 4069276
TI  - [Activation of the mechanism of orientation selectivity of neurons of the visual
      cortex of the cat by a moving noise field].
AB  - Directional tuning of the striate cortex complex cells for motion of slit stimuli
      and visual noise field was investigated on unanesthetized cats. The investigated
      cells demonstrated different degree of orientational and directional sensitivity.
      Shifts of preferred direction for visual noise stimuli with respect to preferred
      direction for slit were found in orientational selective cells only. It is
      concluded that in spite of the fact that a visual noise field has no inherent
      orientation it activates orientational mechanism in the visual cortex.

PMID- 4069277
TI  - [Features of the formation of the cortical "kindling" phenomenon in acute
      experiments on cats].
AB  - The possibility of cortical "kindling" organization in short time interval (2-3
      hours) was shown in acute experiment on cats. The middle area of g. suprasilvius
      was stimulated by square current pulses (20 per s, 1 ms duration for 5 s with
      interstimulus intervals of 3 min). As a result of stimulation after the
      projection discharge in the mirror focus the convulsive activity generalization
      and formation of independent secondary focuses were observed. In the process of
      formation of cortical "kindling" the activity of spindle waves could be recorded
      in all ECoG traces. The frequency of spindle emergence grew according to the
      epileptization of the animal. The spindle activity transformation into the
      multiple spike-wave activity was also recorded. The results obtained proved the
      participation of subcortical structures in the formation of cortical "kindling".

PMID- 4069278
TI  - [Participation of the visual projection and association cortical inputs in the
      formation of responses of neostriatal responses to visual stimuli in the alert
      cat].
AB  - Extracellular responses of caudate neurons to local light stimuli and to
      electrical stimulation of specific (area 17) and associative (the Clare-Bishop
      area) cortical zones were studied in awake cats. Stimulation of the Clare-Bishop
      area was found to be more effective for caudate cell responses in comparison with
      stimulation of area 17; it influenced more caudate cells (47%), whereas responses
      to area 17 stimulation occurred only in 8% of investigated cells. The mean
      latency values also were lower in the first case. Only a few neurons responded to
      stimulation of the both areas. Responses to visual stimuli and to electrical
      stimulation of these cortical areas were compared in the same caudate cells.
      Neurons which responded to visual stimuli were also better activated by the Clare
      Bishop stimulation than by stimulation of area 17. Such cells were distributed
      preferably in the body of caudate nucleus. The possible role of the Clare-Bishop
      area in transmission of visual information to neostriatum is discussed.

PMID- 4069279
TI  - [Spatio-temporal distribution of conditioned evoked potentials during latent
      inhibition in the cat].
AB  - Using the model of shortly delayed defensive conditioned reflexes in cats it is
      shown that nonreinforced preexposure of conditioned stimulus leads to a definite
      manifestation of electrographic correlates of the memory trace, i. e. of the
      conditioned evoked potential in examined brain structures, as well as of
      conditioned neurographic response and conditioned skin-galvanic reaction. The
      reproduction of the conditioned evoked potentials was completely blocked in the
      cortex and zona incerta. The conditioned neurographic response was blocked too.
      The probability of skin-galvanic reaction appearance was harshly decreased.

PMID- 4069280
TI  - [Differentiation of efferent projections of the medial (cuneiform nucleus) and
      lateral areas of the reticular formation of the midbrain in the cat].
AB  - Efferent connections of medial (nucleus cuneiformis) and lateral regions of the
      caudal part of the midbrain reticular formation (mRF) were investigated by
      anterograde autoradiographic method in cat. Projections from the mRF ascend to
      the globus pallidus, substantia innominata, hypothalamus, subthalamus and
      nonspecific, associative and relay nuclei of the thalamus. Descending pathways
      terminate in the reticular formation of the brain stem. The conclusion is made
      that the cuneiform nucleus is rather a nonspecific than auditory centre. The
      lateral reticular region has strong projections to the lateral geniculate body
      and together with the parabigeminal nucleus forms the midbrain visual complex.

PMID- 4069281
TI  - [Role of the body of the skate in initial processing of electroreceptor system
      signals].
AB  - Possible space mechanisms of information conversion processes with Lorenzinian
      ampullary apparatus during detection of the dipole electric field were studied
      using mathematical modelling methods. The stationary voltage distribution in the
      nonuniform media was calculated by numerical methods. The skate body was
      simulated by a thin disk. If the dipole axis lay in the disk plane potential
      distortions near the disk were negligibly small. In other cases the electrical
      field energy absorbed by ampullary groups was dramatically reduced. It is
      supposed that body tissues serve as a space filter of the electroreceptive
      system.

PMID- 4069282
TI  - [Phase-frequency characteristics of afferent activity and depolarization of
      primary afferents during passive displacement of the hindlimb of the cat].
AB  - Frequency response characteristics of afferent activity and primary afferent
      depolarization (PAD) evoked by this activity were investigated in decerebrated
      cats during passive movement of hindlimb in ankle joint. At the frequencies of
      0.2-1.7 Hz the lead of the level of depolarization was determined by the value of
      phase changes of afferent activity. Above 1.7 Hz a phase lag of the level of
      depolarization was observed. This lag was caused by the dynamic properties of PAD
      generation system.

PMID- 4069283
TI  - [Relay levels of acoustic and tactile startle reflexes in the reticular formation
      of the cat].
AB  - Reticular mechanisms of startle reflexes evoked by acoustic and tactile
      stimulation were studied in cat anesthetized with chloralose. Marked similarity
      in changes of both reflexes following surgical lesions and reversible
      hydrocompression blockade of the medial brain stem reticular formation structures
      were found. The data obtained evidenced for similarity of reticular substrates of
      these nonnociceptive reflexes (the pontine reticular formation, especially
      nucleus reticularis, pontis caudalis) in contrast to nociceptive spino-bulbo
      spinal startle reflexes relayed mainly over the bulbar reticular formation.

PMID- 4069284
TI  - [Phase-modulated antidromic action potentials in the dorsal root of the rat
      during locomotion].
AB  - Discharges of antidromic spike potentials (ASP) were recorded from the rat dorsal
      root during locomotion. Tonic and phasic components were revealed in discharges
      of ASP. The phase-dependent modulation of phasic component was observed during
      locomotion. The role of ASP as a possible mechanism for restriction of afferent
      input was discussed.

PMID- 4069285
TI  - [Uncoupling of modulation of the afferent flow and phasic activity of muscles
      during a period of unstable locomotion in the rat].
AB  - During unstable locomotion which is characterised by irregular, low-amplitude
      movements different types of uncoupling between modulation of the amplitude and
      temporal characteristics of the afferent influx and efferent activity were
      revealed.

PMID- 4069286
TI  - Drug action and chromatin structure. I. Adriamycin binding to core particle of
      nucleosomes and subsequent enhanced DNA fragmentation induced by micrococcal
      nuclease.
AB  - The relevance of the subunit structure of chromatin to the mode of action of
      Adriamycin in Novikoff hepatoma had been investigated. To elucidate whether drug
      binding takes place at random along the chromatin fiber or not Novikoff hepatoma
      nuclei treated with Adriamycin in vivo were digested with Micrococcal nuclease
      and were subsequently separated into three fractions, S1, S2 and P2. In these
      chromatin fraction Adriamycin and the DNA content was determined. DNA were
      isolated from the above fractions and were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, furthermore the S2 fraction was sedimented on sucrose density
      gradient. The results indicate that binding of Adriamycin takes place
      preferentially on the core particle inducing structural alterations. Adriamycin
      binding not only enhanced DNA nuclease digestion but altered the size of the
      fragments.

PMID- 4069287
TI  - Derivatives of benzo(c)fluorene. XVI. Absorption, distribution and elimination of
      3H-benflurone, 5-(2-N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy)-7-oxo-7H-benzo(c)fluorene
      hydrochloride in rats after oral and intravenous administration.
AB  - 3H-benfluorone administered orally to rats, persists for a long time in the
      stomach; it is absorbed only partly and eliminated mostly through the feces
      (about 80% within 7 days). The maximum levels in the blood and the organs were
      determined in the 1st and 9th hour after application. Benflurone penetrates
      through the placentary barrier. Within one week 13% of the administered
      radioactivity was eliminated through the urine and 8% through the bile within 12
      h. It has been demonstrated that benflurone was excreted through the milk, as
      well. After being administered intravenously, benflurone moves quickly from the
      blood into the tissues. The high levels were recorded in the heart, the lungs,
      the kidneys, the brain and the liver. After intravenous application about 70% of
      the administered radioactivity was eliminated within one week through the feces
      and about 24% through the urine, almost 54% through the bile within 12 h.

PMID- 4069288
TI  - Comparison of the effectivity of two diaminocyclohexane Pt-complexes.
AB  - A group of Pt-complexes was tested in various in vitro and in vivo systems.
      Murine P388 leukemia for the in vivo testing and three sublines of L1210 leukemia
      for the in vitro testing of two 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) derivatives of
      platinum were used. The effectivity of DACH-Pt(II) citrate and DACH-Pt(II)
      isocitrate with different ratio of trans- and/or cis-DACH was compared on the
      sensitive strain of L1210 and two resistant sublines: L1210 resistant to cis
      diammine-dichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) and L1210 resistant to trans-DACH-Pt(II)
      citrate. No cross-resistance was found between the DACH derivatives and cis-DDP.
      Slightly higher activity of citrate and trans-DACH in comparison with isocitrate
      and cis-DACH was found both in suspension culture and in vivo testing.

PMID- 4069289
TI  - 3H-arginine-rich cationic proteins in cytosol of fibrosarcoma, induced by
      methylcholanthrene in rats.
AB  - With the use of 3H-arginine it is shown that among soluble cytosol of
      fibrosarcoma, induced by 20-methylcholanthrene in rats there appear cationic
      proteins rich in arginine with content of amino acid of about 10%. The amount of
      these proteins in cytosol fraction is higher than in cytosol of another types of
      experimental tumors. The role of arginine-rich cationic proteins in cytosol
      fraction is briefly discussed.

PMID- 4069290
TI  - Distribution of 64copper in the blood and different tissues of mice bearing
      induced fibrosarcoma.
AB  - To understand the nature of copper distribution during malignancy, 27 strains
      A/RB mice with fibrosarcoma were used. Tracer methodology with radioactive
      isotope of copper (64Cu) was applied. In the study made at different time
      intervals after isotope administration whole blood plasma and different tissues
      like liver, heart, spleen kidney and brain were investigated. Liver nuclear
      fractions were also examined. Distribution of 64Cu in different tissues reflected
      interesting results. While the incorporation pattern in the liver showed gradual
      fall from 8 h of isotope administration, the tumor tissue exhibited gradual
      elevation, compared to the controls. The effect of this finding is discussed.

PMID- 4069291
TI  - Changes in tissue and serum activity of cathepsin B-like cysteine proteinase
      during colorectal carcinogenesis by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in mice.
AB  - The activity of cathepsin B-like cysteine proteinase in the mice colon was
      studied during carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride
      (DMH). Before starting the treatment with DMH, the activity of the observed
      enzyme was very low in the colorectal area but the activity in the serum was
      rather high. In the course of carcinogenesis, the local activity markedly
      increased in the stroma equally as in the cells of developing tumors while the
      serum activity slightly decreased. Following the total ovariectomy, no
      significant changes in the local activity or in the serum activity were found.
      Possible causes of these variations are discussed.

PMID- 4069292
TI  - Metabolic characterization of three hamster melanoma variants.
AB  - Some enzyme activities and metabolic features of the black Ma melanotic, brown MI
      melanotic and Ab amelanotic melanomas of hamster were investigated. The
      activities of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase were similar in all three
      melanomas, the activity of NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was
      higher in the amelanotic melanoma and that of pyruvate kinase and lactate
      dehydrogenase were slightly lower in MI than in the other tumors. The activities
      of citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase were higher
      in the Ma and MI melanotic melanomas than in the Ab amelanotic melanoma. The rate
      of labeled CO2 production from 6-14C-glucose, 1,5-14C-citric acid and U-14C
      glutamine was about 2 times higher in melanotic melanomas than in amelanotic one,
      while no significant differences among the three melanomas were found in respect
      to 1-14C-glucose and U-14C-glycerol-3-phosphate. The production of 14CO2 was much
      higher from 1-14C-glucose than from 6-14C-glucose in all the melanomas studied. L
      DOPA stimulated the production of 14CO2 from 1-14C-glucose much stronger in the
      Ma and MI melanomas than in the Ab melanoma. In none of the tumors the
      incorporation from 6-14C-glucose to CO2 was affected by L-DOPA. It is postulated
      that oxidation of glucose via the pentose phosphate cycle is involved in
      melanogenesis.

PMID- 4069293
TI  - Serum lysozyme activity in patients with lung carcinoma subjected to
      radiotherapy.
AB  - Lysozyme activity was determined in undiluted and diluted sera of 30 patients
      with lung carcinoma and of 40 healthy individuals. Blood was collected before
      radiotherapy, in half of its course, just after completion of radiotherapy, and
      three weeks and three months later. In the controls the same time spacing was
      kept. Lysozyme was found to be increased both in undiluted and diluted sera.
      Enhancement of the lysozyme activity may be due to the presence of immune
      complexes (antigen--antibody) which are probably responsible for the release of
      the enzyme from the viable neutrophils. High activity in diluted sera indicates
      an increase of lysozyme inhibitors in sera of cancer patients. Radiotherapy has
      not induced significant changes in the enzyme, either during its course of after
      its completion as confirmed by three-month observation. Taking into consideration
      the role of the lysozyme in anticancer mechanisms it appears that determination
      of its activity may be of value in the course of cancer disease.

PMID- 4069294
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of tinnitus and vertigo. A review].
AB  - Tinnitus and vertigo, two common neurological complaints, often challenge the
      physician's ability with respect to possible etiology. Objective tinnitus can
      result from an abnormally patent eustachian tube, from tetanic contractions of
      the muscles of the soft palate, or from vascular abnormalities within the head or
      neck. Subjective tinnitus refers to lesions involving the external ear canal,
      tympanic membrane, ossicles, cochlea, auditory nerve, brainstem, and cortex. As
      many as 50% of patients with tinnitus do not exhibit associated hearing loss; in
      these patients, the cause of the tinnitus is rarely identified. An illusion of
      movement is specific for vestibular system disease--a peripheral or central
      location depending upon associated audiologic and neurologic symptoms,
      respectively. However, a presyncopal, light-headed sensation is most commonly
      associated with diffuse cerebral ischemia: in the young patient, this may be
      caused by a hyperventilation syndrome; in the aged individual, this can result
      from diffuse atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease and decreased cardiac
      output. Postural and gait imbalance associated with acute vertigo indicates a
      unilateral peripheral vestibular or a central vestibular lesion; if vertigo is
      absent, either a cerebellar, proprioceptive, or bilateral peripheral vestibular
      lesion is likely. Transient oscillopsia suggests unilateral peripheral vestibular
      lesions. Permanent oscillopsia indicates a bilateral peripheral vestibular lesion
      or--in the absence of severe vertigo--brainstem or cerebellar damage.

PMID- 4069295
TI  - [Value of visual evoked potentials (VEP) in compression of the anterior visual
      pathway, especially in the area of the chiasm].
AB  - We investigated 86 patients by pattern half-field stimulation presenting
      clinically with temporal field-defects or with a mass causing compression of the
      visual pathways found by C.T.-scanning. Pattern half-field stimulation proved to
      be a very sensitive method for detecting a compression of the anterior visual
      pathways. In 65 cases the results of perimetry and VEP were congruent, 6 times
      the evoked potential was pathologic the perimetry showing no abnormalities, only
      1 false negative VEP was observed. Thus we stress the importance of an
      investigation by VEP including half-field stimulation in all patients with
      suspected compression of the anterior visual pathways.

PMID- 4069296
TI  - [Vascular abnormalities in the area of the brain stem with prolonged clinical
      course. Clinical aspects and differential diagnosis].

PMID- 4069297
TI  - [Extracranial aneurysms of the internal carotid artery proximal to the skull
      base. A case report].
AB  - Extracranial aneurysms of the internal carotid artery are considered to be
      relatively rare. The main causes are constitutional vessel weakness
      arteriosclerosis and trauma. Neurological complications can sometimes give rise
      to confusing symptoms. Most important are transitory ischaemic attacks. Apart
      from these, damage by compression of the lower cranial and sympathetic nerves may
      occur. A case is reported in which the symptoms led to the topological diagnosis.
      The method of treatment used was that of delayed carotis ligature as described by
      van Dongen.

PMID- 4069299
TI  - The British dialysis tragedy revisited.

PMID- 4069298
TI  - [Nerve root changes as initial manifestation of plasmacytoma].

PMID- 4069300
TI  - Antihypertensive action of calcium blockade in hypertensive patients with chronic
      renal disease.
AB  - The concentration of ionic calcium (Ca2+ in the smooth muscular cells of the
      resistance vessels is a determining factor of their contraction. It depends on
      the influx of Ca2+ to the interior of the cells through the calcium channels in
      the sarcolemma. The effect of a specific Ca2+-channel blocking agent - nifedipine
      - on arterial hypertension in a group of 18 patients with chronic renal
      hypertension is reported in this study. The combination of nifedipine and
      propranolol in the control of hypertension in 6 of these patients in a long-term
      follow-up was also studied. It was concluded: (1) Ca2+ blockade had a rapid and
      powerful antihypertensive effect in all patients; (2) the antihypertensive effect
      was higher with high initial blood pressure levels; this fact was especially
      evident and appeared particularly useful in hypertensive emergencies; (3) in some
      patients, the action of nifedipine was dose-dependent; (4) nifedipine had a short
      lived action; (5) the combination nifedipine-propranolol was efficient in the
      long-term control of hypertension.

PMID- 4069301
TI  - Renal acidification defects in patients with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis.
AB  - The frequency of renal tubular acidosis was evaluated in 28 adult patients with
      recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis (19 with 'renal' hypercalciuria, 9 with
      normocalciuria and no metabolic abnormality) and no evidence of obstruction or
      infection of the urinary tract. Eight patients with hypercalciuria (42%) had a
      defective renal reabsorption of bicarbonate, based on a fractional excretion of
      bicarbonate higher than 7% and a TmHCO3/GFR lower than 2.2 mEq/dl; 2 of them had
      an associated distal defect of acidification, as judged by a U-B pCO2 lower than
      18 mm Hg in maximally alkaline urine. One patient with hypercalciuria had distal
      tubular acidosis, based on a urine pH higher than 5.3 during acidosis. Only 1
      patient with normocalciuria had associated proximal and distal acidification
      defects. The remaining 8 patients displayed a normal renal acidifying capacity.
      The bicarbonate wastage was independent of serum PTH levels, vitamin D status and
      hypercalciuria and was associated with a defective tubular reabsorption of
      phosphate, increased random urinary pH and more active nephrolithiasis, with a
      prevalence of mixed calcium oxalate and phosphate stones. Our study shows a high
      incidence of defective tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate in patients with
      calcium nephrolithiasis and 'renal' hypercalciuria and suggests that the proximal
      acidification defect plays a pathogenetic role in promoting calcium
      nephrolithiasis.

PMID- 4069302
TI  - Uptake and distribution of 45Ca in the brain of chronically uremic rats.
AB  - The exchange of calcium between serum, cerebrum and cerebral mitochondria was
      studied in chronically uremic rats. Chemical and radiocalcium assays were
      performed at periods from 1 to 48 h following intracardiac injection of 45Ca. The
      disappearance of 45Ca from the serum of uremic rats was identical to that
      observed in normals. Maximal uptake and equilibration with serum by both cerebrum
      and cerebral mitochondria were assessed in uremic rats by means of relative
      specific activities (RSAs) and found not to differ significantly from normal.
      Peak levels occurred at 6 h for cerebrum and between 4 and 6 h for mitochondria.
      These results indicate that in the rat, calcium uptake by the brain over a period
      of 48 h is not altered by chronic renal failure. Moreover, the findings in brain
      mitochondria suggest that the intracellular calcium burden may not be increased
      by uremia.

PMID- 4069303
TI  - Acute glomerulonephritis in human brucellosis.

PMID- 4069304
TI  - A modified needle kidney biopsy: an open technique.

PMID- 4069305
TI  - CRP in nephrotic syndrome: relationship with hemostatic abnormalities?

PMID- 4069306
TI  - The importance of the lymphatic system.

PMID- 4069307
TI  - Unusual composition of cyst fluid in acquired cystic disease of the end-stage
      kidney.

PMID- 4069308
TI  - Amino acid and monoamine transport in primary astroglial cultures from defined
      brain regions.
AB  - The uptake of L-[3H]glutamate, L-[3H]aspartate, gamma-[3H]aminobutyric acid
      (GABA), [3H]dopamine, DL-[3H]norepinephrine and [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)
      was studied in astrocytes cultured from the cerebral cortex, striatum and brain
      stem of newborn rat and grown for 2 weeks in primary cultures. The astrocytes
      exhibited a high-affinity L-glutamate uptake with Km values ranging from 11 to
      110 microM. Vmax values were 4.5 in cerebral cortex, 39.1 in striatum, and 0.4 in
      brain stem, nmol per mg cell protein per min. There was a less prominent high
      affinity uptake of L-aspartate with Km values from 88 to 187 microM. Vmax values
      were 7.4 in cerebral cortex, 37.1 in striatum, and 3.1 in brain stem, nmol per mg
      cell protein per min. The high-affinity GABA uptake exhibited Km values ranging
      from 5 to 17 microM and Vmax values were 0.01 for cerebral cortex, 0.04 for
      striatum, and 0.1 for brain stem, nmol per mg cell protein per min. No high
      affinity, high-capacity uptake was found for the monoamines. The results
      demonstrate a heterogeneity among the astroglial cells cultivated from the
      different brain regions concerning the uptake capacity of amino acid
      neurotransmitters. Furthermore, amino acid transmitters and monoamines are taken
      up by the cells in different ways.

PMID- 4069309
TI  - Enkephalin binding systems in human plasma. II: Leu-enkephalin serum albumin
      interaction.
AB  - Enkephalins are released into the bloodstream of mammals by the adrenal medulla.
      Once they are in the blood, these peptides undergo a fairly rapid hydrolysis by
      several plasma-contained enzymes. However, a fraction of the enkephalins present
      in the plasma are bound to the serum albumin, and the bound peptides are almost
      completely intact even after a long incubation in the presence of serum enzymes.
      Therefore, it seems possible that the interaction with serum albumin can maintain
      the functional integrity of the circulating enkephalins. Moreover, serum albumins
      are extremely well characterized proteins and, therefore, a suitable model for
      the study of protein-enkephalin interaction in general. The present work is a
      first step in the study of the mechanism of serum albumin-enkephalin interaction.
      Apparently, ionic parameters are important in the binding phenomenon.
      Furthermore, the serum albumin conformational status seems to be relevant in the
      binding. Finally, the binding is followed by a limited rearrangement of the
      protein molecule.

PMID- 4069310
TI  - Transport of pipecolic acid in adult and developing mouse brain.
AB  - In an effort to develop an animal model of hyperpipecolatemia, the uptake of
      pipecolic acid (PA) in the brain and changes of PA levels in serum following
      administration of D,L-PA were studied in the mouse using a new sensitive HPLC-EC
      method. Following i.p. injections (250 mg/kg) to adult male mice, the brain
      concentration peaks at 5-10 min (40 nmol/g). The level remains relatively stable
      up to 5 hrs and then declines slowly to 24 hrs. In serum, the level of PA
      increases rapidly to reach the maximum value at 10 min and then decreases rapidly
      in the first hour and continues to decline more slowly to 24 hrs. The net uptake
      of PA following administration of various amounts of D,L-PA is saturable at low
      doses (3.9-15.6 mg/kg), and it increases linearly at higher doses in a dose
      dependent manner up to the maximum dose (500 mg/kg) used in the present study.
      Kinetic analysis suggests the presence of two kinds of transport systems. These
      findings are in good agreement with the previous results using D,L-[3H]PA in the
      mouse (7) and L-[14C]PA in the rat (13). There were no significant differences
      between uptake of D-pipecolic acid and L-pipecolic acid (250 mg/kg, i.p., 10
      min), suggesting the absence of stereospecificity for PA uptake in the mouse
      brain. Developmental changes in net brain uptake of PA following injections of
      D,L-PA (250 mg/kg, s.c., 10 min) showed an age-dependent decrease which continues
      until adult levels are reached at four weeks after birth. The results suggest
      that the blood brain barrier (BBB) for PA is completed during the first month of
      life. Following administration of D,L-PA (250 mg/kg, s.c.) to pregnant mice
      during the period 19-21 days of gestation, PA level increases in fetal brain to a
      maximum value at 2 hrs (420 nmol/g). This level is unchanged during 24 hrs. The
      maximum level of PA in fetal serum is reached at 30 min to 1 hr. The level
      gradually decreases after 1 hr over 24 hrs. These results indicate that PA taken
      up by the placenta and into the brain is transported from the fetal
      circulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4069311
TI  - Activities of thiamine-dependent enzymes in two experimental models of thiamine
      deficiency encephalopathy: 1. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
AB  - Chronic thiamine deprivation in the rat leads to selective neuropathological
      damage in brainstem structures whereas treatment with the central thiamine
      antagonist, pyrithiamine, results in more widespread damage. In order to further
      elucidate the neurochemical mechanisms responsible for this selective damage, the
      thiamine-dependent enzyme complex pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHC) was measured in
      10 brain structures in the rat during progression of thiamine deficiency produced
      by chronic deprivation or by pyrithiamine treatment. Feeding of a thiamine
      deficient diet to adult rats resulted in 5-7 weeks in ataxia and loss of righting
      reflex accompanied by decreased blood transketolase activities. PDHC activities
      were selectively decreased by 15-30% in midbrain and pons (lateral vestibular
      nucleus). Thiamine treatment of symptomatic rats led to reversal of neurological
      signs and to concomitant reductions of the cerebral PDHC abnormalities. Daily
      pyrithiamine treatment led within 3 weeks to loss of righting reflex and
      convulsions and to decreased blood transketolase of a comparable magnitude to
      that observed in chronic thiamine-deprived rats. No significant regional
      alterations of PDHC, however, were observed in pyrithiamine-treated rats.

PMID- 4069312
TI  - [A case report of intracerebral tuberculoma during antituberculous therapy].
AB  - A case of multiple intracerebral tuberculoma occurred in the course of anti
      tuberculous therapy is reported. A 16-year-old high school boy had been treated
      with isoniagid, streptomycin and paramino-salicylic acid on the tuberculous
      pleulitis for 3 months previously. He was admitted to our hospital because of
      progressive headache associated with vomiting. Neurological examination revealed
      bilateral full papilledema and incomplete bilateral abducens palsy. An immediate
      CT study with contrast enhancement demonstrated two small ring-like mass with
      considerable perifocal edema in the left temporal and occipital lobe,
      respectively. Intracerebral tuberculoma was considered to be most likely, so the
      patient was given antituberculous therapy with steroid and mannitol. However,
      despite of medical decompression, he developed intracranial hypertension
      aggravated, leading to removal of tumor 7 days after admission. Initially left
      temporal tuberculoma, which had more extensive and prominent perifocal edema, was
      successfully excised. The specimen was a walnut-sized granuloma with hard capsule
      including pus inside. Numerous tuberculous bacilli were identified with Ziel
      Nielsen staining technique from the pus. Postoperative course was gratifying, and
      other tumor in the left occipital lobe, which was also diagnosed as tuberculoma,
      was treated with continuing administration of isoniagid, ethanbutol and
      rifampicin. However, the former two drugs were forced to be discontinued because
      of agranulocytosis. Only rifampicin was maintained for 2 months thereafter but no
      decrease of the size was observed in serial CT studies. Then left occipital
      tuberculoma was removed. The pathology was tuberculoma with positive bacilli
      staining. He discharged 1 month later without any neurological deficit but was on
      antituberculous therapy (rifampisin) as an outpatient for 3 years.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4069313
TI  - [A case of acoustic neurinoma presenting as subarachnoid hemorrhage].
AB  - A case of acoustic neurinoma presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage is reported.
      The patient, a 33-year-old female, had suffered from left hearing disturbance and
      tinnitus for several years prior to admission. She had sudden onset of severe
      headache in the left posterior auricular region, nausea and vomiting while
      watching a play-going. Immediately she was brought to a neighboring hospital by
      ambulance. Lumbar puncture demonstrated xanthochromic cerebrospinal fluid with
      high opening pressure of 380 mmH2O or more and she was diagnosed as having
      subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). As her level of consciousness was progressively
      lowered, she was transferred and admitted to our hospital. Findings of plain CT
      scan on admission suggested that she had a brainstem hemorrhage with acute
      obstructive hydrocephalus. After the immediate operation of ventricle drainage,
      she became alert. Two weeks after admission, contrast-enhanced CT scan, internal
      meatus tomography and vertebral angiography were performed because she complained
      of tinnitus and hearing loss of her left ear. A huge lt. C-P angle tumor was
      revealed and its total removal was carried out successfully after V-P shunt
      operation for her hydrocephalic condition. Histological examination showed a
      typical acoustic neurinoma. The postoperative course was uneventful only with a
      moderate facial paresis on her left side. Acute and severe subarachnoid
      hemorrhage of the posterior fossa in cases of acoustic neurinoma has been
      reported very sporadically. However, CT examination revealed such a rare case of
      acoustic neurinoma and lead us to a successful surgical treatment for the
      patient.

PMID- 4069314
TI  - [Nidus embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformation fed mainly by a
      pericallosal artery prior to surgical excision. Case report].
AB  - Nidus embolization of large arteriovenous malformation (AVM) by silastic spheres
      is not rarely performed prior to surgical excision of AVM. This technique is
      highly indicated for the large AVM supplied by the middle and the posterior
      cerebral arteries since silastic spheres injected into either the internal
      carotid or the vertebral arteries usually enter the middle or the posterior
      cerebral arteries due to less sharp angle from the main arteries. The authors
      report a case whose AVM, fed mainly by the anterior cerebral artery, was
      successfully embolized with silastic spheres using balloon catheter technique. On
      December 1, 1983, a 27-year-old man was admitted to our department with chief
      complaint of headache and clonic convulsion of the left upper and lower limbs.
      Convulsion began in 1973 and severe headache suddenly appeared two months prior
      to admission. He was neurologically asymptomatic on admission. Right internal
      carotid angiogram taken on admission showed a presence of large arteriovenous
      malformation in the medial portion of the right fronto-parietal lobe and corpus
      callosum fed mainly by the right pericallosal artery. Nidus embolization with
      silastic spheres was planned to make surgical removal easier. To prevent stray of
      silastic spheres into the right middle cerebral artery, balloon, introduced into
      the M1, was inflated for a few minutes, during which time, injection of 40
      silastic spheres of 1.5 and 2.0 mm in diameter was performed via the right
      internal carotid artery. The nidus was significantly reduced and total removal of
      the nidus was successfully done 28 days following the embolization.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4069315
TI  - [Traumatic hemorrhage in the basal ganglia in the child. Five cases].
AB  - Traumatic hemorrhages in the basal ganglia were seen in five children. The CT
      findings and the characteristics of these injuries were discussed. All of
      children were injured in car accidents. They ranged in age from 3 to 13 years.
      The patients comprised 3 boys and 2 girls. On admission, case 1 was conscious and
      case 2 was in a stupor. Case 1 and 2 were mild cases in which spotty hematomas
      were seen in the ganglionic region. They recovered fully. Case 3-5 were severe
      cases in which massive hematomas were seen in the ganglionic region. On
      admission, their consciousness ranged from stupor to coma. We performed
      operations on two of them but their recoveries were unsatisfactory. Their results
      were as follows. One had residual hemiparesis and dysarthria, one experienced
      tetraparesis and dysarthria and the last went from coma to a vegetative state.
      Concerning the directions of the impacts, 4 were hit in the frontal region or
      face and the last one received blows on the occipital region. Skull fractures
      were seen in two cases. Mandibula and clavicula fractures were seen in the other
      two cases. Only one child had no fractures. We conclude that pediatric traumatic
      hemorrhages in the basal ganglia are induced by severe impact on the frontal or
      occipital regions. The size of hematomas in this injury is spotty or massive. The
      massive type has a poor prognosis. On the other hand, the spotty type's prognosis
      is good. We speculate that impact to the head causes a shear strain in the
      ganglionic region. At that time, vessels in the area are injured.

PMID- 4069316
TI  - [Analysis of 53 ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms].
AB  - In spite of a recent remarkable progress in operative results of ruptured middle
      cerebral artery aneurysms, a mortality rate of 2-8% appears to be unavoidable. In
      the present study, 53 ruptured MCA aneurysms were retrospectively analyzed to
      determine causative factors of unfortunate outcome (fair, poor and dead).
      Surgical results of 53 ruptured MCA aneurysms are shown in Table 1, where the
      outcome was unfortunate in 7 cases (17%). Intracerebral hematoma was responsible
      for 4 cases, two of which were fatal and postoperative vasospasm for 3 cases.
      There were 13 cases with intracerebral hematomas (25%) ranging from 21 mm to 68
      mm in diameter. Although hematomas less than 40 mm in diameter localized in
      temporal or frontal subcortical areas and yielded no neurological deficits, those
      more than 60mm extended to the caudate nucleus or thalamus through the internal
      capsule and led to deep coma (Table 2, Fig. 1). Intracerebral hematoma with the
      diameter between 50 to 60 mm seems to be critical in regard to postoperative
      outcome. Repeated rupture caused intracerebral hematoma (50%) more frequently
      than single rupture (21%) and aneurysm with intracerebral hematoma was liable to
      bleed (27%), resulting in acute deterioration of neurological conditions by
      marked enlargement of the hematoma (Fig. 2). Accordingly it is essential for the
      cases with intracerebral hematoma to prevent rerupture. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
      and symptomatic vasospasm were observed less frequently in hematoma group than in
      non-hematoma group. However, prophylactic treatment of vasospasm is important
      even in the cases with intracerebral hematoma since more than half of them suffer
      from relatively thicker subarachnoid clot.

PMID- 4069317
TI  - [Photoradiation therapy of experimental brain tumor].
AB  - Malignant tumors retain hematoporphyrin to a much greater extent than do normal
      tissues and can be destroyed by exposure to light. To utilize this mechanism in
      the treatment of malignant brain tumor, we investigated the antitumor effect of
      photoradiation on rat and mouse glioma, utilizing hematoporphyrin administration
      and cold light irradiation. In vitro study of rat glioma (EA285), the tumor cells
      which were exposed to hematoporphyrin and light irradiation showed marked
      degeneration in a short time, though no change was found in the control groups of
      hematoporphyrin administration alone and of light irradiation alone. The
      subcutaneously transplanted gliomas of rat and mouse also showed the growth
      inhibition after treatment of hematoporphyrin and light irradiation, though they
      grew up again. Histological degeneration by this treatment reached about 7 mm
      depth in the tumor. It was made clear that the effect on gliomas was induced by
      photosensitization and not by heat. From these results it is concluded that
      photoradiation therapy would be a great means for adjuvant therapy for malignant
      brain tumor.

PMID- 4069318
TI  - [Nontraumatic chronic subdural hematoma due to dural metastases of breast cancer.
      Case report].
AB  - A case of nontraumatic chronic subdural hematoma due to obstruction of dural
      vessels by tumor cells is presented and 25 reported cases are reviewed. A 39-year
      old female was referred for headache, vomiting, disturbance of consciousness and
      right homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing. She had undergone mammectomy
      for medullary nodular carcinoma of the left breast five years before. She had
      been treated with combined hormonal therapy and chemotherapy for the cancer
      metastases to the liver in preceeding six months. Hematological examination
      revealed drug-induced thrombocytopenia, increase of FDP in blood (80
      micrograms/ml), but no abnormality of prothrombin time and fibrinogen content.
      Therefore in the present case there was no evidence of disseminated intravascular
      coagulation (DIC) after Colman's criteria. However, it was suggested that this
      case had compensated DIC after Cooper's criteria. CT scan showed a biconvex
      shaped low and partially iso-density area over the left fronto-temporal
      convexity, indicative of chronic subdural hematoma, and no abnormal findings in
      the occipital area. After removal of the hematoma she became alert without
      headache and vomiting. However, seven days later she complained of headache and
      vomiting again. Repeated CT scan showed a larger biconvex-shaped low density area
      over the left hemisphere extending to the parietal region at that time. Second
      operation was performed, but she expired four days later. Autopsy showed systemic
      metastases of the medullary nodular carcinoma in the scalp, temporal muscle and
      dura as well as lungs, adrenal glands, ovaries and bone marrow.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4069319
TI  - Effects of delta-aminolaevulinic acid on contractile activity in the isolated
      small intestine of the rabbit. Role of adrenergic receptors.
AB  - The porphyrin precursor, delta-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) at concentrations of
      0.23-7.6 mM caused dose-dependent inhibition of spontaneous contractions in
      isolated preparations of rabbit small intestine, suspended in Ringer-Locke
      solution. Contractions which returned after inhibition from 3.8 and 7.6mM ALA
      showed increased amplitude and from 7.6 mM ALA a reduction in rate. Pretreatment
      with prazosin (10(-7) M) significantly reduced the duration of inhibition exerted
      by 3.8 and 7.6 mM ALA and also the amplitude of contractions returning after this
      inhibition. Pretreatment with yohimbine (10(-6) M) and propranolol (7 X 10(-6) M)
      had no significant effects. Blocking of the release of noradrenaline in
      preparations by incubation with 6-hydroxydopamine (10(-3) M) or guanethidine (1.5
      X 10(-5) M) did not prevent the inhibitory effects of ALA. The alpha 1 agonist,
      cirazoline (10(-5) M), inhibited contractile activity. This effect was blocked by
      prazosin (10(-7) M). The alpha 2 agonist, guanoxabenz (10(-5) M) had no
      detectable effect, in the presence of prazosin, to block any residual alpha 1
      actions. It is concluded that alpha 1 receptors mediate inhibitory effects in
      this preparation and that ALA appears to have direct effects upon these
      receptors.

PMID- 4069320
TI  - Chronic but not acute treatment with antidepressants enhances the
      electroconvulsive seizure response in rats.
AB  - The effects of the chronic administration of antidepressants on threshold
      electroconvulsive (ECS) seizures were evaluated in rats. Initially, tonic-clonic
      seizures were induced in 90% of the animals. Of those animals responding with
      tonic-clonic seizures, 42% had hindlimb extension (extensors); the remainder
      showed only hindlimb flexion (flexors). No alteration in the pattern of seizures
      was observed 24 hr after a single oral dose of any of the antidepressant drugs.
      The rats were then treated with a total of 20 consecutive daily doses of
      antidepressants and threshold electroconvulsive seizure responses were evaluated
      24 hr after the last dose. A significantly greater percentage of rats responded
      with extensor seizures after chronic treatment with amoxapine, chlorimipramine,
      parglyine and mianserin. There was no change in the pattern of seizures of the
      rats treated chronically with desipramine, but the duration of the clonic phase
      was reduced. After a 7 day period free of drugs a significantly greater
      percentage of animals had extensor seizures in the groups treated with amoxapine,
      chlorimipramine, pargyline and desipramine but not mianserin. In the light of
      evidence that chronic treatment with antidepressants reduces the activity of
      norepinephrine- or isoproterenol-sensitive adenylate-cyclase, and that the
      norepinephrine system is an important endogenous anticonvulsant factor in
      electroconvulsive seizures, these results suggest that the same mechanism may
      mediate both the therapeutic and proconvulsant effects of the chronic
      administration of antidepressants.

PMID- 4069321
TI  - Anticonvulsant effects of chronic treatment with phenytoin against
      pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in the mouse.
AB  - Acute administration of phenytoin (40 and 75 mg/kg) was unable to counteract
      seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole and even prolonged them in some cases.
      These prolonged seizures remained with chronic (10 days) treatment but an
      anticonvulsant effect of phenytoin (40 and 75 mg/kg) also emerged, shown by a
      decrease in the incidence of seizures. This latter effect could be detected even
      24 hr after the last dose. Both acute and chronic treatment with phenytoin (40 or
      75 mg/kg) were able to enhance anticonvulsant efficacy of diazepam against
      pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. The mechanisms underlying these three
      independent effects of phenytoin and their clinical relevance are discussed.

PMID- 4069322
TI  - Body temperature during and following 10-day subcutaneous infusion of clonidine
      in the rat.
AB  - Body temperature in the rat was measured during and after cessation of the
      continuous subcutaneous infusion of clonidine (10 micrograms/kg per hr) for 10
      days. The body temperature of control animals displayed a distinct circadian
      rhythm. On each day the mean body temperature over the dark phase (2000-0800 hr)
      was consistently higher (0.6-0.9 degrees C) than the following light phase. The
      infusion of clonidine was essentially devoid of initial effects on body
      temperature. However, during the light phases of day 2 onwards the mean body
      temperature of the animals treated with clonidine was consistently higher (0.4
      0.6 degrees C) than that of controls. No such differences were observed during
      the dark phases. It appeared that the infusion of clonidine limited the fall in
      body temperature which normally occurred at the onset of the light phases and
      this resulted in the treated rats displaying a relative hyperthermia. On
      cessation of the infusion of clonidine (at 2400 hr on day 11) a distinct
      hyperthermia was observed within 2 hr and was sustained for the remainder of the
      dark phase and subsequent light phase. This post-infusion hyperthermia was more
      pronounced than that observed during the period of infusion of clonidine. These
      results demonstrate that the circadian control of body temperature is disturbed
      both during and after continuous infusion of clonidine.

PMID- 4069323
TI  - Effect of ambient temperature on thermoregulation in rats following
      preoptic/anterior hypothalamic injection of physostigmine.
AB  - This experiment was designed to study the effect of ambient temperature (Ta) on
      the thermoregulatory response after the injection of the acetylcholinesterase
      blocking agent, physostigmine, into the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area
      (POAH) of the rat. Three doses of physostigmine (3.0, 30.0 and 60.0 micrograms)
      were injected in a volume of 1.0 microliter in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic
      area of unrestrained rats at three different ambient temperatures (15, 25 and 35
      degrees C). Brain temperature (Tbr) and gross changes in behavior were monitored
      continuously throughout the duration of each experiment. Physostigmine induced
      hypothermia at ambient temperatures of 15 and 25 degrees C but not at 35 degrees
      C. Immediately prior to and during the hypothermic response the animals displayed
      behavioral reflexes such as fur licking and a sprawled posture which presumably
      enhanced heat loss. Generally, soon after the peak of the hypothermic response
      (approximately 30 min), the rats displayed heat-conserving behavior (huddled
      position, piloerection of the fur). These data indicate that the activity of
      cholinergic synapses within the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area increases
      with decreasing ambient temperature. The behavioral observations suggest some
      role for the cholinergic system in the activation of heat-dissipating responses
      in the rat.

PMID- 4069324
TI  - Anesthesia and surgery in the seated position: analysis of 554 cases.
AB  - Because controversy exists regarding continued use of the seated position for
      neurosurgical procedures, this prospective (1981-1983) and retrospective (1972
      1981) analysis of 554 seated patients was done to establish the incidence and
      severity of venous air embolism (VAE) related to type of surgical procedure and
      anesthetic technique; to examine the impact of specific monitoring practices on
      detection, morbidity, and mortality; and to establish the incidence of other
      complications related to the seated position (hypotension, quadriplegia, and
      arterial air embolism (AAE)). The overall morbidity and mortality related to the
      seated position was 1% (2 VAE, 1 AAE, 2 hypotension, 1 myocardial infarction) and
      0.9% (1 VAE, 1 AAE, 2 hypotension, 1 quadriplegia), respectively. There has been
      no mortality since 1975. N2O did not seem to increase the incidence or severity
      of VAE. The seated position is safe in experienced hands if appropriate surgical
      and anesthetic skills are exercised in patient selection and management. Caution
      is advised in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, severe
      hypertension, cervical stenosis, and right to left intracardiac shunts.

PMID- 4069325
TI  - Cranial chordomas: clinical presentation and results of operative and radiation
      therapy in twenty-six patients.
AB  - The clinical presentation and the results of operative and radiation therapy in a
      series of 26 patients with cranial chordomas seen at the University of
      California, San Francisco, between 1940 and 1984 are reviewed. There were 14 men
      and 12 women, with a mean age of 39.6 years. Six patients had chondroid
      chordomas. The most common presenting symptoms were headache and diplopia, and
      the most common presenting sign was extraocular palsy. Fifty-three operations
      directed at removal of the tumor were performed. Twenty-three patients received
      various forms of radiation therapy postoperatively, including conventional
      external beam therapy, heavy charged particles, and interstitial implants. The
      average length of follow-up is 5.6 years. Eleven of 26 patients have died; the
      mean duration of survival in this group, excluding 1 perioperative death, was 4
      years and 2 months. Although the average survival time of 6 years and 4 months
      was the same in patients with typical chordomas (excluding the perioperative
      death and 1 patient lost to follow-up) and in those with the chondroid variant,
      all of the latter are still alive, whereas more than half of the patients with
      typical chordoma have died.

PMID- 4069326
TI  - Microsurgical anatomy of the superficial veins of the cerebrum.
AB  - The microsurgical anatomy of the superficial cortical veins was examined in 20
      cerebral hemispheres. The superficial cortical veins are divided into three
      groups based on whether they drain the lateral, medial, or inferior surface of
      the hemisphere. The veins on the three surfaces are further subdivided on the
      basis of the lobe and cortical area that they drain. The superficial cerebral
      veins collect into four groups of bridging veins: a superior sagittal group,
      which drains into the superior sagittal sinus; a sphenoidal group, which drains
      into the sphenoparietal and cavernous sinuses on the inner surface of the
      sphenoid bone; a tentorial group, which converges on the sinuses in the
      tentorium; and a falcine group, which empties into the inferior sagittal or
      straight sinus or their tributaries. The superior sagittal group drains the
      superior part of the medial and lateral surfaces of the frontal, parietal, and
      occipital lobes and the anterior part of the basal surface of the frontal lobe.
      The sphenoidal group drains the parts of the frontal, temporal, and parietal
      lobes adjoining the sylvian fissure. The tentorial group drains the lateral
      surface of the temporal lobe and the basal surface of the temporal and occipital
      lobes. The falcine group drains an area that includes the cingulate and
      parahippocampal gyri and approximates the cortical parts of the limbic lobe of
      the brain. The relationship of these veins to the venous lacunae was also
      examined.

PMID- 4069327
TI  - Arteriovenous malformations of the superior cerebellar artery: excision via an
      occipital transtentorial approach.
AB  - Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) are
      unusual and difficult lesions to treat, representing less than half of all AVMs
      located in the posterior fossa. Traditional approaches for surgical extirpation
      include the subtemporal transtentorial and suboccipital supracerebellar routes.
      On the basis of our recent experience with three SCA-supplied AVMs, we advocate
      an occipital transtentorial approach similar to that used for neoplasms of the
      pineal gland. Exposure of the AVM from above and in the midline provides superior
      visualization of the deep veins, the SCA arborization in the retrocollicular
      space, and the rostral cerebellum, without exposing the temporal lobe and the 4th
      nerve to surgical trauma in a narrow, confined space. Superior cerebellar AVMs
      that arise from the caudal branch of the SCA on the superolateral aspect of the
      hemisphere are more easily handled by standard suboccipital methods.

PMID- 4069329
TI  - Psychological factors and outcome of electrode implantation for chronic pain.
AB  - The utility of using psychological assessments as a basis for predicting pain
      relief after electrode implantation is examined. Two raters independently
      reviewed the functional pain protocols of chronic pain patients who were
      candidates for deep brain (n = 13) or spinal cord (n = 17) electrode implants and
      predicted whether each would have a good or poor treatment response. At follow
      up, five deep brain (39%) and four spinal cord (24%) patients were classified as
      having good responses to treatment. Predictions of outcome based on psychological
      data were accurate for 80% of the patients. These results suggest that functional
      pain assessment is useful as a part of preimplantation screening and emphasize
      the importance of psychological factors in the outcome of treatment for chronic
      pain.

PMID- 4069328
TI  - Mechanical and metallurgical properties of carotid artery clamps.
AB  - The mechanical and metallurgical properties of carotid artery clamps were
      evaluated. The pressure plate retreat propensity, metallurgical composition,
      surface morphology, magnetic properties, and corrosion resistance of the
      Crutchfield, Selverstone, Salibi, and Kindt clamps were tested. None of the
      clamps showed evidence of pressure plate retreat. The clamps differed
      significantly in their composition, surface cleanliness, magnetic properties, and
      corrosion resistance. The Crutchfield clamp was the only one manufactured from an
      ASTM-ANSI-approved implantable stainless steel (AISI 316) and the only clamp in
      which the surfaces were clean and free of debris. The Selverstone clamp was made
      principally from AISI 304 stainless steel, as was one Salibi clamp. The pressure
      plate on another Salibi clamp was made from a 1% chromium and 1% manganese steel.
      Machining and surface debris consisting principally of aluminum, silicon, and
      sulfur was abundant on the Selverstone and Salibi clamps. The Kindt clamp was
      manufactured from AISI 301 stainless steel with a silicate-aluminized outer
      coating. The Crutchfield and Selverstone clamps were essentially
      nonferromagnetic, whereas the Salibi and Kindt clamps were sensitive to magnetic
      flux. In the pitting potential corrosion test, the Crutchfield clamp demonstrated
      good corrosion resistance with a pitting potential of 310 mV and no surface
      corrosion or pitting by scanning electron microscopy examination. The Selverstone
      clamp had lower pitting potentials and showed various degrees of corrosion and
      surface pitting by scanning electron microscopy. The Salibi pressure plate had a
      very low pitting potential of -525 mV and showed severe corrosion. By
      metallurgical criteria, only the Crutchfield clamp is suitable for long term
      implantation.

PMID- 4069330
TI  - Metabolic and nutritional sequelae in the non-steroid treated head injury
      patient.
AB  - Energy production, substrate oxidation, serum protein levels, and weight change
      were studied in 16 non-steroid treated patients with severe head injury. Patients
      were evaluated during an average of 31.3 days from hospital admission to
      discharge. The mean measured energy expenditure (MEE) was 1.40 +/- 0.5 times
      predicted energy expenditure. Caloric balance [calories received = calories
      expended] was achieved by the 2nd week. Despite caloric balance and the
      administration of at least 1.5 g of protein per kg of body weight per day, the
      mean nitrogen balance was negative. There was a positive nitrogen balance in only
      2 patients. These patients received a mean of 1.43 times the MEE in total
      kilocalories and 2.3 g of protein per kg of body weight. Fat and protein
      oxidation exceeded protein and fat administration for 3 weeks postinjury. Albumin
      levels dropped from a mean of 3.09 +/- 0.2 on admission to 1.98 +/- 0.4 within 2
      weeks. The initial retinol binding protein levels were within the normal range,
      and the levels increased over time. There was marked weight loss (mean, 15.6 +/-
      5.9 lb). Head injury induces a profound traumatic response identified by
      increased energy expenditure, a negative nitrogen balance, weight loss,
      hypoalbuminemia, and altered substrate oxidation. This response seems to be
      caused by the head injury alone and is not due to the administration of
      corticosteroids.

PMID- 4069331
TI  - Delayed cerebral vasospasm after uncomplicated operation on an unruptured
      aneurysm: case report.
AB  - We present the case of a patient who developed significant vasospasm on the 9th
      postoperative day after the uneventful clipping of an unruptured asymptomatic
      berry aneurysm. We discuss the literature and potential mechanisms for vasospasm
      in the absence of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

PMID- 4069332
TI  - Tuberous sclerosis and multiple intracranial aneurysms: case report.
AB  - A 6-year-old girl with tuberous sclerosis was found to have multiple intracranial
      fusiform arterial aneurysms. This represents the fifth reported case of this
      association. The concepts of an arterial dysplasia being present in cases of
      tuberous sclerosis and of developmental defects being the cause of some
      intracranial aneurysms are discussed. The need for a prospective study to assess
      the prevalence of intracranial aneurysms in patients with tuberous sclerosis is
      suggested.

PMID- 4069333
TI  - Malignant carcinoid causing spinal cord compression.
AB  - Neurological complications of malignant carcinoid are infrequent. Only 11 cases
      of central nervous system metastasis are documented, and neurological symptoms
      may be the initial or only manifestation of this tumor. We describe the case of a
      60-year-old man with no known primary tumor who presented with spinal cord
      compression by a thoracic epidural tumor. After laminectomy, the diagnosis of
      carcinoid was made by light and electron microscopic demonstration of
      neurosecretory granules in tumor cells. Urine 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid and
      plasma serotonin levels were subsequently found to be elevated. Carcinoid tumors
      should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lesions metastatic to the
      spinal cord and brain.

PMID- 4069334
TI  - Traumatic aneurysm of the anterior cerebral artery associated with a
      contralateral carotid-cavernous fistula: a case report.
AB  - An unusual case of traumatic aneurysm of the A-1 part of the anterior cerebral
      artery associated with a contralateral carotid-cavernous fistula is presented.
      Trapping of the fistula was carried out, and an attempt to repair the vessel wall
      was made. Thrombosis of the vessel occurred, but remained asymptomatic. Causes,
      physiopathology, and treatment of traumatic aneurysms are discussed.

PMID- 4069335
TI  - Resolving occlusive lesions of the basilar artery.
AB  - Progression of severe basilar artery stenosis to occlusion is a well-recognized
      phenomenon, but regression of a severe basilar artery atherothrombotic lesion has
      not been described previously. In this report, two patients with a symptomatic
      severe basilar artery occlusive lesion showed substantial angiographic
      improvement after 3 months of anticoagulation in one case and 4 months after
      superficial temporal artery to superior cerebellar artery bypass in the other
      case. The findings in these cases indicate that clinical improvement in similar
      cases may reflect recanalization of a basilar artery occlusive lesion. The
      uncertain natural history and potential for regression of symptomatic basilar
      artery atherothrombosis make us hesitant to recommend posterior circulation
      revascularization immediately after such lesions are first demonstrated
      angiographically.

PMID- 4069336
TI  - Combined occipital transtentorial and infratentorial supracerebellar approach in
      the concorde position for the treatment of an arteriovenous malformation in the
      upper vermis: case report.
AB  - With a patient in the concorde position, lying prone with the head flexed and
      tilted laterally, higher than the heart, it is possible to use both the occipital
      transtentorial and infratentorial supracerebellar approaches without changing the
      patient's position. We report the successful treatment with this combined
      approach of an arteriovenous malformation in the upper vermis supplied by the
      superior cerebellar artery.

PMID- 4069337
TI  - Giant osteoma of the sphenoid sinus reached by an extradural transbasal approach:
      case report.
AB  - Giant osteomas of the paranasal sinuses are infrequent. Those of the sphenoid
      sinus with neurological symptoms are even rarer. We report here the case of a
      woman with a giant osteoma of the sphenoid sinus who presented with bitemporal
      quadrantanopsia and underwent operation via an extradural transbasal approach.

PMID- 4069338
TI  - Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia due to hydrocephalus: a case report.
AB  - We report a case of bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia due to hydrocephalus
      associated with Arnold-Chiari malformation. The bilateral internuclear
      ophthalmoplegia in this case was probably caused by brain stem displacement due
      to hydrocephalus. This patient was considered to have "arrested" hydrocephalus on
      the basis of the clinical and computed tomographic findings and the results of
      the continuous intraventricular pressure monitoring. However, the bilateral
      internuclear ophthalmoplegia gradually improved after ventriculoperitoneal
      shunting.

PMID- 4069339
TI  - Postural syncope and trigeminal neuralgia relieved by percutaneous rhizotomy with
      glycerol.
AB  - A patient with typical trigeminal neuralgia experienced an episode of sudden loss
      of consciousness when she tried to sit up. Clinical neurological and
      neuroradiological studies revealed no known abnormalities. Percutaneous
      retrogasserian rhizotomy with glycerol with the patient in the prone position
      relieved the syncope and neuralgia.

PMID- 4069340
TI  - Dangerous rises in blood pressure upon heating of trigeminal rootlets; increased
      bleeding times in patients with trigeminal neuralgia.
AB  - During radiofrequency (RF) heating of trigeminal rootlets, we regularly measured
      blood pressure rises to 250 to 300 mm Hg, confirming two previous reports. We
      also found abnormally increased bleeding times in 12% of 127 patients awaiting
      operation for trigeminal neuralgia. These two facts probably explain 6 fatalities
      and 2 lasting hemiplegias from intracranial bleeding unrelated to vascular
      puncture by the needle electrode during RF procedures for trigeminal neuralgia.
      We recommend correction of the abnormal bleeding time and control of the blood
      pressure rises by i.v. sodium nitroprusside.

PMID- 4069341
TI  - Negative pressure drainage after craniotomy.

PMID- 4069342
TI  - Craniosynostosis.

PMID- 4069343
TI  - The padded patient enclosure.

PMID- 4069344
TI  - Altered white cell count, protein concentration and oligoclonal IgG bands in the
      cerebrospinal fluid of many patients with acute psychiatric disorders.
AB  - In a prospective study, an abnormal white cell count and/or elevated protein
      concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was observed in 14/54 patients
      (26%) with acute psychiatric disorders, but in none of the 46 control subjects (p
      less than 0.001). In addition, electrophoretic analysis of immunoglobulin G (IgG)
      showed an oligoclonal pattern in the CSF of 22 psychiatric patients (41%). No
      such pattern could be detected in the control group (p less than 0.001). These
      findings reinforce the value of lumbar puncture and CSF analysis in acute
      psychiatric disorders.

PMID- 4069345
TI  - Mortality and age psychosis in the Lundby Study: death risk of senile and multi
      infarct dementia. Changes over time in a prospective study of a total population
      followed over 25 or 15 years.
AB  - Persons suffering from age psychosis are known to have a high mortality rate.
      During the last decades there has been a general improvement in the standard of
      living and the availability of medical resources for the elderly in most western
      countries. It has been suggested that persons with a diagnosis of age psychosis
      have benefited from these changes and live longer with their illness than they
      did before. The Lundby cohort comprises 3,563 persons from a total population
      followed concerning mental disorders (psychiatrically treated as well as
      untreated) for 15 or 25 years. In the present Lundby Study we have calculated the
      changes over time concerning death risk among persons with senile and multi
      infarct dementia and overmortality associated with these two main subgroups of
      age psychosis. We found that the prognosis in terms of mortality had not
      undergone any statistically significant change during the 25-year period 1947
      1972 among persons in the Lundby cohort with a diagnosis of senile and multi
      infarct dementia.

PMID- 4069346
TI  - Treatment of mania using a calcium antagonist--preliminary trial.
AB  - A study was undertaken on the effects on pure manic syndromes of the reduction of
      intracytoplasmic ionized calcium by administration of a calcium antagonist. Four
      well-known bipolar patients (manic type) were significantly improved. 1 patient
      was rapidly cured, though in this case (first attack in a young man) the
      possibility of spontaneous remission could not be excluded. 2 patients showed no
      improvement, suffering from a secondary manic state related to the onset of
      cerebral atrophy. If confirmed, these results should orientate future research in
      primary manic syndromes and in the mode of action of lithium on calcium
      metabolism.

PMID- 4069347
TI  - The metyrapone test in schizophrenic patients and healthy subjects.
AB  - The metyrapone test, a useful and reliable procedure for assessing hypothalamic
      pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis function, was applied to schizophrenic
      patients and healthy controls. 4 out of 18 patients had subnormal responses to
      metyrapone whereas there were no such cases in the 22 control subjects. 1
      schizophrenic patient and 3 control subjects had high normal responses to
      metyrapone. The relationship with the dexamethasone suppression test was found to
      be complex. These preliminary results suggest that the HPA axis activity patterns
      in psychiatric illness may be more complicated than previously reported.

PMID- 4069348
TI  - Exercise and subsequent sleep in male runners: failure to support the slow wave
      sleep-mood-exercise hypothesis.
AB  - 10 male joggers participated in a 3-week experimental protocol designed to look
      at the effects of three levels of energy expenditure (no exercise, regular
      exercise, and double exercise) on mood and subsequent nocturnal sleep focusing on
      REM sleep and delta sleep parameters. Exercise conditions were well discriminated
      by daily (F(2,18) = 65.8, p less than 0.0000) mean hip activity counts during
      monitored field exercise and by the mean weekly body weights (F(2,14) = 7.24, p
      less than 0.007). Subjects slept for 2 nights in the laboratory following each
      exercise condition and filled out two brief, clinical self-rating scales each
      night prior to sleep. These two self-rating instruments together index 105
      somatic and psychobiological symptoms that are subsumed by the five major
      clinical symptom clusters of: Depression, Mania, Anxiety, Cognitive
      Disorganization, and Organicity. There were no significant differences in
      manually scored whole-night sleep parameters with the exception of REM latency
      (F(2,18) = 3.63, p less than 0.05), and there were no significant differences in
      self-ratings of psychobiological symptoms by night or exercise condition. These
      results are discussed in the context of failure to support either the slow wave
      sleep-exercise hypothesis or the exercise-mood elevation hypothesis.

PMID- 4069349
TI  - Cortical afferent input to the principalis region of the rhesus monkey.
AB  - The sources of ipsilateral cortical afferent projections to regions along both
      banks of the principalis sulcus in the prefrontal cortex were studied with
      horseradish peroxidase in macaque monkeys. The principalis cortex receives a
      substantial proportion of its projections from neighboring prefrontal regions.
      However, differences were noted in the distribution of labeled cells projecting
      to the various principalis regions. These differences were most marked with
      respect to the relative proportion of cells originating in visual, auditory,
      somatosensory, premotor and limbic cortical areas. The findings indicate that the
      caudal ventral principalis region receives projections from both visual and
      visuomotor regions, whereas the anterior tip of the principalis appears to be the
      major target of projections from auditory association regions. The ventral bank
      at the middle extent of the principalis was the only case with a significant
      proportion of labeled cells in somatosensory association and premotor regions.
      There was a consistent increase in the proportion of labeled cells in limbic
      cortical areas projecting to more rostral principalis sites, irrespective of
      whether the injection was placed in the dorsal or ventral bank. These findings
      suggest that the caudal principalis region has a visual-visuomotor and the
      rostral, an auditory-limbic bias with respect to the long projections they
      receive.

PMID- 4069350
TI  - Length summation of complex cells in cat striate cortex: a reappraisal of the
      "special/standard" classification.
AB  - A reappraisal of the relationship between length summation and receptive field
      length assessed by the minimum response field method, was made in complex cells
      recorded from the lightly anaesthetized feline striate cortex. This relationship
      has previously been proposed by Gilbert [(1977) J. Physiol., Lond. 268, 391-421]
      and subsequently applied extensively by others, as a basis for subdividing
      complex cells into different functional groups: "standard" complex cells length
      summate, responding preferentially to long contours of appropriate orientation;
      "special" complex cells respond optimally to short oriented contours).
      Quantitative comparisons suggest that four-fifths of complex cells can be
      classified by their length summatory behaviour. Thus length summatory behaviour
      is a useful adjunct to classification, although one-in-five complex cells cannot
      be positively assigned to either category and this figure rises to one-in-three
      following rigid application of the criteria for determining standard complex
      cells. The need for precise estimates of length summation is emphasized by
      subjective assessment which leads to greater uncertainty in classification and to
      several cells being wrongly assigned. The possibility that cells unclassified by
      length summation constitute a distinct additional class is discussed.

PMID- 4069351
TI  - Amygdaloid projections to the motor, premotor and prefrontal areas of the cat's
      cerebral cortex: a topographical study using retrograde transport of horseradish
      peroxidase.
AB  - The topographic organization of the projections from the amygdaloid complex to
      the frontal (motor, premotor and prefrontal) cortex has been investigated in the
      cat by means of the horseradish peroxidase retrograde transport technique. While
      most of these projections arise from the magnocellular component of the basal
      nucleus, some arise also from other nuclei, such as the parvocellular basal
      nucleus, the corticoamygdaloid transition area and the cortical nucleus. The
      projections from the latter nuclei are directed to the central portions of the
      prefrontal cortex, both laterally and medially. No clear-cut topographic
      segregation appeared to exist in the distribution within the magnocellular basal
      nucleus of the cells of origin of projections to the motor, premotor and
      prefrontal cortex. The gross topographic arrangement of the amygdalocortical
      projections seems to reciprocate, to some extent at least, the organization of
      corticoamygdaloid projections from high-order sensory and polymodal association
      areas.

PMID- 4069352
TI  - The prefrontal "cortex" in the pigeon catecholamine histofluorescence.
AB  - The prefrontal cortex of mammals is densely innervated with dopaminergic fibers.
      We report a comparable, dense network of catecholamine (probably dopamine)
      containing fluorescent fibers in the posterodorsolateral neostriatum of the
      pigeon. This region is clearly separable from paleostriatum augmentatum, lobus
      parolfactorius, posterior archistriatum, posteromedial corticoid and septum, all
      of which also show strong catecholamine fluorescence. Parallel biochemical,
      anatomical and neurobehavioral data support the suggestion that
      posterodorsolateral neostriatum in the pigeon may be comparable to the mammalian
      prefrontal cortex. Thus the telencephalic tissue represented as the prefrontal
      cortex in mammals and the posterodorsolateral neostriatum in the pigeon, may turn
      out to be a phylogenetically ancient neural device.

PMID- 4069353
TI  - Unit activity, evoked potentials and slow waves in the rat hippocampus and
      olfactory bulb recorded with a 24-channel microelectrode.
AB  - Activity from a number of neighboring neurons can be recorded simultaneously with
      multichannel microelectrodes. A new version of a 24-channel microelectrode system
      has been fabricated and used to record different types of neurophysiological data
      in the rat brain. The system called PRONG (Parallel Recording Of Neural Groups)
      includes a microelectrode, a lightweight reusable connector, a 24-channel FET
      hybrid preamplifier, a 3-band 24-channel amplifier, a 24-channel spike monitor,
      high-speed digital and analog interfaces and a computer. The electrode-recording
      locations are arranged in 2 arrays of 12 sites. The arrays are spaced 100 micron
      apart along either edge of the recording section and the sites within each array
      are spaced 120 micron apart. The electrodes are fabricated using photolithography
      in patterned layers totaling 17 micron thick and 114 micron wide in the recording
      section. The recording sites are 20 micron2 and are plated with platinum black.
      Performance of the PRONG was compared with that of conventional single
      microelectrodes and with results in the literature on three kinds of
      extracellular activity in the rat hippocampal formation and olfactory bulb:
      action potentials, evoked field potentials and slow-wave activity. The
      selectivity and sensitivity of the PRONG compared favorably with characteristics
      of conventional electrodes. Background noise averaged 15 microV and no signal
      cross talk was observed between neighboring channels. Discriminable action
      potentials (signal-to-noise ratios of 2:1 to 15:1) were observed at 37-95% of the
      viable recording sites with a maximum of 19 units in one recording. Units were
      observed in waking animals for up to 4 days. The waveforms, firing repertoires
      and laminar distribution of units were the same as those recorded with
      conventional microelectrodes. This indicates that penetration by the PRONG spares
      tissue from functional damage. "Instant" laminar profiles were created for
      commissural and perforant path evoked potentials in the hippocampal formation.
      These profiles were nearly identical with those created by successive recordings
      made with conventional microelectrodes. Laminar profiles and behavioral activity
      appeared to be "normal" as collected with this electrode. These results set the
      foundation for use of the PRONG as a tool for the study of local neural
      interactions.

PMID- 4069354
TI  - Impulse conduction properties of noradrenergic locus coeruleus axons projecting
      to monkey cerebrocortex.
AB  - Antidromically driven action potentials were recorded from norepinephrine
      containing locus coeruleus neurons in response to electrical stimulation of
      cerebrocortical and thalamic areas in anesthetized squirrel monkeys. These cells
      reliably conducted impulses from cortical sites of distances up to 100 mm from
      locus coeruleus. Monkey locus coeruleus neurons were found to exhibit several
      properties previously described for these cells in rat, including slow
      spontaneous discharge rates, characteristic impulse waveforms, antidromic
      activation from many target areas, a period of suppressed activity following
      either antidromic or orthodromic driving and responsiveness to noxious stimuli
      presented as subcutaneous electrical stimulation of a rear foot. However, a large
      population of monkey locus coeruleus neurons was found to exhibit more rapid
      conduction velocities than previously found for rat (e.g. approximately 34% were
      greater than 1 m/s), resulting in similar conduction latencies to distant target
      areas in the two species. This indicates that the conduction times required for
      locus coeruleus impulses to reach distant target areas may be conserved across
      different species and sizes of brains, suggesting that these latencies play an
      important role in the general function of the locus coeruleus system in brain and
      behavioral processes.

PMID- 4069355
TI  - Projections from the paratrigeminal nucleus and the medullary and spinal dorsal
      horns to the peribrachial area in the cat.
AB  - The projections from the medullary and spinal dorsal horns to the dorsolateral
      pons were investigated in the cat utilizing both the retrograde and anterograde
      transport of a wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase complex and the
      retrograde transport of the fluorescent dyes Fast Blue and Nuclear Yellow. After
      injections of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase into the area
      surrounding the brachium conjunctivum, numerous neurons were labeled
      ipsilaterally near levels of the obex in the paratrigeminal nucleus. Such neurons
      were located in connected pockets of neuropil located within the spinal
      trigeminal tract and along its medial edge. Most of the neurons labeled in the
      dorsal horns after such injections were found in lamina I. Those found in the
      medullary dorsal horn were mostly ipsilateral to the injection while those in the
      spinal dorsal horn were found bilaterally. Some labeled neurons were also found
      in lamina V of both the medullary and spinal dorsal horns bilaterally. When the
      injection was centered in either the medial parabrachial nucleus or the Kolliker
      Fuse nucleus, a greater number of neurons were labeled ipsilaterally in lamina V
      of the medullary dorsal horn. Since neurons in lamina I of the medullary dorsal
      horn also project to the medial thalamus, fluorescent dyes were used to determine
      if the same neuron might project to both targets. Fast Blue was first injected
      into either the peribrachial area or the medial thalamus. After an appropriate
      period, Nuclear Yellow was injected into that target not injected first with Fast
      Blue. The injection of Nuclear Yellow was always placed on the side of the brain
      opposite to the first injection. Both dyes were transported retrogradely and were
      found in neurons located in lamina I of the medullary dorsal horn. However, no
      double-labeled neurons were seen. In general those labeled after injections of
      the medial thalamus were more superficial than those labeled after injections of
      the dorsolateral pons. The anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin
      horseradish peroxidase was used to determine the termination of the projections
      from neurons in the medulary dorsal horn and the cervical spinal cord to the
      peribrachial area. After injections into these areas a moderate to sparse
      labeling of the lateral parabrachial nucleus and the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus was
      seen. It was mostly ipsilateral in cases with injections of the medullary dorsal
      horn but was bilateral following injections into the cervical
      enlargement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4069356
TI  - Evidence for differential effects of terminal and dendritic competition upon
      developmental neuronal death in the retina.
AB  - Retinal ganglion cells with ipsilaterally projecting axons were labelled with
      horseradish peroxidase injected unilaterally along the optic pathway in adult
      rats. Unoperated controls were compared with three groups of animals operated at
      birth, given (a) contralateral enucleation, (b) contralateral lesion to the optic
      tract or (c) both lesions simultaneously. The numbers of ipsilaterally projecting
      cells were increased in all three operated groups, presumably because of a
      reduction in natural neuronal death following diminished terminal and dendritic
      competition. The pattern of increase of labelled cell density varied with the
      type of lesion: enucleation led to a major increase within lower temporal retina;
      optic tract lesion caused its major increase in upper temporal retina, centred at
      the location of the area centralis; and the double lesion combined both effects
      above. The distribution of cell-body sizes was differentially affected by the
      lesions: enucleation led to a shift in the distribution towards the small cell
      side of the spectrum, when compared with the controls; optic tract lesion shifted
      the distribution towards the large cell side of the spectrum, but only outside
      the temporal crescent; and the double lesion led to a shift towards small cells
      within the temporal crescent and towards large cells outside the crescent, again
      combining the effects of the single lesions. Large alpha-like neurones with
      ipsilateral axons were common in the nasal retina of both groups given optic
      tract lesions but they were rare in the nasal retina of unoperated and,
      especially, of enucleated rats. The limits of the temporal crescent were
      unchanged, notwithstanding the large numbers of cells outside the crescent in
      operated rats. It is suggested that postnatal competitive interactions at the
      level of terminals and of dendrites control natural neuronal death in the rat
      retina with different requirements regarding retinal topography and ganglion cell
      types. The postnatal regulation of neuronal numbers is not responsible for the
      generation of the nasotemporal division but may be involved in the development of
      differential distributions of specific ganglion cell types across the retina.

PMID- 4069357
TI  - A monoclonal antibody equivalent to anti-rat neural antigen-1 as a marker for
      Schwann cells.
AB  - The monoclonal antibody 217c, raised by Peng et al. [(1982) Science, Wash. 215,
      1102-1104] in mice against the rat glioma cell line C6, can be used as a marker
      for normal Schwann cells. In mixed cultures of Schwann cells and fibroblasts from
      neonatal rat sciatic nerve, this monoclonal antibody, detected by indirect
      immunofluorescence, bound to the surface of cells with the same elongated
      morphology as those that express a previously described surface antigen, rat
      neural antigen-1 (Ran-1), defined by polyclonal mouse antisera. In these
      experiments Ran-1 and the antigenic determinant recognized by monoclonal 217c
      were both found on normal rat Schwann cells and on the rat glial tumor cell lines
      C6, 33B and 21A and the pheochromocytoma PC12. Neither anti-Ran-1 nor the
      monoclonal antibody bound to neurons, fibroblasts or glial cells in newborn rat
      cerebellum cultures, the rat muscle cell line L6, the transformed rat fibroblast
      cell line Rat 1, the rat brain tumor cell line B28 or the mouse Schwannoma cell
      line TR6B. Thus the monoclonal 217c behaved as if it were detecting Ran-1 by
      binding to normal rat Schwann cells and to those tumor cells that have this
      antigen. Our data show that this monoclonal antibody is a reliable and convenient
      marker for rat Schwann cells in culture.

PMID- 4069358
TI  - Interaction of the transplanted olfactory placode with the optic stalk and the
      diencephalon in Xenopus laevis embryos.
AB  - The effect of olfactory placode transplantation on the differentiation of the
      optic vesicle and stalk has been studied in Xenopus laevis embryos. Host embryos
      (stages 23-24) received the transplant of two olfactory placodes from same-stage
      donors in place of a partially or totally removed optic vesicle. All tadpoles
      were sacrificed at stages 47-50. The host tadpoles were subdivided in three
      groups according to the amount of optic vesicle removed. In the first group all
      of the optic vesicle was removed. At sacrifice a lobar mass of nervous tissue,
      continuous with and protruding from the diencephalic wall, was penetrated by the
      olfactory nerves from the transplanted placodes and a well-defined glomerular
      layer was present at the entrance zone of the olfactory nerves. The lobar
      protrusion contained a normal ventricular cavity, connected by a foramen to the
      third ventricle. The ventricle was lined by a mitotically active ependymal layer.
      In the second group the host embryos were deprived of two-thirds of the optic
      vesicle. In these animals we observed the development of a round mass of nervous
      tissue connected by a peduncle to the diencephalic wall. A ventricle lined by
      ependyma was present in the formation; however, the cavity was not continuous
      with the third ventricle. Olfactory nerves from the transplanted placodes
      penetrated the rostral portion of the nervous mass and formed a distinct
      glomerular layer. In the third group of embryos only one-third of the optic
      vesicle was removed. These animals developed irregularly shaped structures where
      ocular tissue and nervous tissue coexisted. The termination of the supranumerary
      olfactory nerves and the glomerular layer were restricted to the non-ocular
      nervous tissue. The interpretation of the histogenetic phenomena determining the
      protrusions is difficult and further studies are needed. It seems highly
      probable, however, that the fate of such determined structures as the optic
      peduncle and vesicle can be influenced by the olfactory input, supporting the
      hypothesis that the ectopically directed olfactory fibres interfere with the
      differentiation of the optic structures.

PMID- 4069359
TI  - Effects of corpus callosum section on secondary bilaterally synchronous
      interictal EEG discharges.
AB  - We studied the effect of corpus callosum section on secondary bilaterally
      synchronous interictal EEG discharges in 13 patients with partial and secondarily
      generalized seizures before and after partial or complete section of the corpus
      callosum. Bilaterally synchronous discharges were completely eliminated in one
      patient. In 12 patients, there was a distinct reduction in frequency. Our
      clinical experience agrees with experimental data to suggest that epileptic
      discharges follow pathways, both across the corpus callosum and/or down to
      diencephalic/mesencephalic structures, before there is bilateral spread.

PMID- 4069360
TI  - A reliable method for localizing deep intracranial sources of the EEG.
AB  - We have demonstrated the reliability of a noninvasive method for successfully
      localizing the intracranial origin of the EEG. The dipole localization method
      (DLM) is a computer-assisted, mathematical method based on electrical field
      theory and is similar to localization methods currently used by
      electrocardiologists. In 12 patients with intractable epilepsy who were being
      evaluated for surgery, a known current source was introduced between two adjacent
      depth electrodes. Using scalp-recorded EEG only, DLM accurately and reliably
      localized the source to within 2 cm of the known origin in all instances where a
      discrete source was present. We conclude that DLM is a valid and reliable
      noninvasive method for localizing the intracranial source of some scalp-recorded
      EEG potentials, and that in some patients, use of this method may obviate the
      need for depth electrode implantation.

PMID- 4069361
TI  - Cerebrovascular disease in the People's Republic of China: epidemiologic and
      clinical features.
AB  - A door-to-door survey was carried out in six cities of the People's Republic of
      China (PRC). There was 100% cooperation with the survey. Among 63,195 screened
      individuals, there were 392 prevalent cases of completed stroke and 115 incidence
      cases. Prevalence ratios and incidence rates for completed stroke showed a south
      to-north gradient. The highest point prevalence ratio and incidence rate (age
      adjusted to the 1960 US population) were documented in Harbin in northeast PRC
      (1,249/100,000; 441/100,000/yr). The majority of new completed strokes were
      cerebral infarction, but the percentage of intracerebral hemorrhage (44%) was
      much greater than that reported among Caucasian populations.

PMID- 4069362
TI  - Interobserver variability in EEG interpretation.
AB  - A random sample of 100 active electroencephalographers in the United States
      evaluated 10-second samples of 12 selected EEGs. The evaluations consisted of
      multiple-choice questions related to the age of the patient, EEG finding,
      artifact, and consciousness of the patient. The rate of reporting the "correct"
      response was examined in terms of various respondent characteristics such as EEG
      board certification, age, percent of time in clinical EEG work, and number of
      recordings interpreted annually. This study indicates that, even today, there is
      considerable variability in EEG interpretation, and that this variability is
      influenced by specific reader characteristics.

PMID- 4069363
TI  - Meningioma cysts.
AB  - We studied six cases of intracranial meningioma with cyst formation.
      Manifestations included focal neurologic signs (four cases), seizures (three
      cases), headache (three cases), and personality changes (two cases). CT revealed
      a cystic enhancing supratentorial lesion in five cases. Angiographic changes of
      meningioma were observed in only three cases, and correct preoperative diagnosis
      was made in only half the cases so studied. Histologically, all lesions were
      syncytial meningiomas. Cyst fluid was always xanthochromic, acellular, and highly
      proteinaceous. The variety of anatomic configurations suggests several
      pathophysiologic mechanisms in formation of the cysts that are commonly
      misdiagnosed preoperatively. Tissue analysis is needed for all cystic, enhancing
      lesions of the brain.

PMID- 4069364
TI  - Drop attacks: an ominous change in the evolution of partial epilepsy.
AB  - We studied 16 patients with partial epilepsy and drop attacks. The drop attacks
      appeared 1 to 29 years after onset of epilepsy; 15 patients had these attacks
      weekly or daily, despite therapy. After the appearance of drop attacks, 6
      patients had severe mental disorders, and social life was disrupted in 13. There
      was a high rate of adversive seizures, atypical absences, and diffuse spike-wave
      discharges in the EEG, electroclinical features that suggest a frontal origin of
      epilepsy. Drop attacks are ominous because they occur so frequently, resist
      therapy, are physically dangerous, and portend personality change.

PMID- 4069365
TI  - Severe disturbance of higher cognition after bilateral frontal lobe ablation:
      patient EVR.
AB  - After bilateral ablation of orbital and lower mesial frontal cortices, a patient
      had profound changes of behavior that have remained stable for 8 years. Although
      he could not meet personal and professional responsibilities, his "measurable"
      intelligence was superior, and he was therefore considered a "malingerer."
      Neurologic and neuropsychological examinations were otherwise intact. CT, MRI,
      and SPET revealed a localized lesion of the orbital and lower mesial frontal
      cortices. All other cerebral areas had normal structure and radioactivity
      patterns. Such impairments of motivation and complex social behavior were not
      seen in control cases with superior mesial or dorsolateral frontal lesions.

PMID- 4069366
TI  - Complement-dependent lysis of cultured rat myotubes by myasthenic
      immunoglobulins.
AB  - We used cultured myotubes to demonstrate complement-dependent lysis of muscle
      membranes by serum from patients with myasthenia gravis. Lysis was monitored by
      light microscopy and release of incorporated [86Rb]. In the presence of guinea
      pig complement (GPC), 18 of 37 heat-inactivated myasthenic sera (49%), but none
      of 16 controls, caused morphologically detectable myotube lysis. Ten of 19
      myasthenic sera (53%) increased [86Rb]-release compared with 10 controls.
      Immunoglobulin fractions retained the complement-dependent lytic activity.
      Inactivation of GPC prevented the lysis. [86Rb]-release appeared to correlate
      with clinical severity. The complement-dependent lysis resulted in a decrease in
      the number of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in myotubes, and AChR
      immunoglobulin complexes were found in the medium of lysed cultures. The data
      suggest that cultured myotubes can be used to document complement-dependent
      antibody reactions in the pathogenesis of myasthenia.

PMID- 4069367
TI  - Ipsilateral trigeminal sensory responses to cortical stimulation by subdural
      electrodes.
AB  - Twelve patients with medically intractable epilepsy had plates of chronic
      subdural electrodes placed over the lateral and basal cortical hemispheres during
      evaluations for surgical therapy. During cortical stimulation, ipsilateral
      sensations involving any of the branches of the trigeminal nerve were noted in
      the eye, face, and mouth. Some responses could have been due to dural or direct
      trigeminal nerve trunk stimulation, but others were probably due to electrical
      stimulation of trigeminal fibers accompanying the pial-arachnoidal vessels. These
      fibers had been demonstrated in animals, but not in humans.

PMID- 4069368
TI  - MRI assessment of human callosal surgery with neuropsychological correlates.
AB  - MRI imaging using recovery and spin-echo techniques was carried out on three
      patients after surgical section of the corpus callosum to control intractable
      epilepsy. The scans revealed that the total callosotomy had been obtained in two
      patients, while partial sparing of splenial and rostral fibers was seen in the
      third.

PMID- 4069369
TI  - Ambulatory cassette EEG in clinical practice.
AB  - We reviewed ambulatory cassette EEG (A/EEG) records of 500 patients. Epileptiform
      abnormalities, seizures, or both were detected in 87 patients (17.4%), including
      22 who were not taking anticonvulsant drugs. Epileptiform abnormalities were
      found in 1.5% of patients with syncope and in none without a clear history of
      episodic complaints. Abnormalities were found in 5.1% of patients referred by
      nonneurologic physicians. Some clinical seizures were not accompanied by A/EEG
      change and some episodes were not seizures, despite detection of epileptiform
      abnormalities.

PMID- 4069371
TI  - Adult metachromatic leukodystrophy: neurophysiologic findings.
AB  - The visual and somatosensory evoked potentials were delayed in two cases of the
      adult form of metachromatic leukodystrophy. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials
      were normal. The conduction velocity along peripheral nerves was 50% slowed in
      one case and near normal in the other. The findings are compatible with
      demyelination in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The diagnosis of
      metachromatic leukodystrophy should be considered in cases of early dementia,
      with or without psychosis or other neurologic deficits, in which evoked
      potentials are delayed and peripheral nerve conduction is slowed.

PMID- 4069370
TI  - Incidence of seizures with phenytoin toxicity.
AB  - Among 50 patients with phenytoin intoxication, 14 had seizures during the
      episode. Seizures in 9 of these 14 patients probably resulted from poor seizure
      control despite high phenytoin levels, but in 5 cases, attacks were attributed to
      phenytoin toxicity. The only factor that seemed to correlate with seizures was a
      serum phenytoin level over 30 micrograms/ml. No demographic, metabolic,
      neuropsychiatric, or therapeutic variables were predictive; nor were any other
      symptoms of toxicity particularly likely to be found in association with
      seizures. Seizures are an occasional manifestation of phenytoin toxicity,
      particularly when levels are high.

PMID- 4069372
TI  - Phonologic agraphia in a left-handed patient after a right-hemisphere lesion.
AB  - Oral and written spelling were evaluated in a left-handed patient with a right
      hemisphere infarct and right-hemisphere language representation. Spelling was
      intact for different classes of words, but there was severe difficulty in both
      oral and written spelling of nonwords. This pattern was consistent with
      phonologic agraphia. There was selective disruption of the segmentation
      component, with intact phoneme-to-grapheme conversion supporting the Roeltgen and
      Heilman hypothesis of two-system spelling after lesions in the left supramarginal
      gyrus. This is the first case of phonologic agraphia after right supramarginal
      gyrus damage in a left-handed patient.

PMID- 4069373
TI  - Education provides no protection against Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - It has been suggested that educational achievement confers protection against
      dementia. We examined educational level and age of onset in 28 patients with
      Alzheimer's disease, and assessed the progression of dementia over a mean period
      of 28 months using both a measure of neurobehavioral status and an index of
      functional impairment. No protective effect of education was found in either
      early- or late-onset dementia.

PMID- 4069374
TI  - In defense of death data: an example with multiple sclerosis.
AB  - In epidemiologic studies, mortality data can provide large numbers of cases of
      broad geographic extent, but diagnostic errors and case ascertainment bias may be
      present. We found that the geographic distribution of MS in the United States, as
      derived from mortality data, was comparable with that derived from a large,
      nationwide case-control study. In MS, evaluation of mortality provides an
      accurate picture of national geographic distribution supportable by more
      sophisticated methods. Although conclusions drawn from mortality data could be
      misleading, they may be accurate and are certainly worthy of further study.

PMID- 4069375
TI  - Increased endoneurial albumin in diabetic polyneuropathy.
AB  - Albumin was measured in the endoneurium of fascicular biopsies of sural nerves
      and in plasma from diabetic patients with polyneuropathy by solid phase
      radioimmunoassay, and normalized to total endoneurial and plasma protein,
      respectively, to obtain an index of the blood-nerve barrier (BNB-Index). Fifteen
      diabetic patients with polyneuropathy had a mean BNB-Index of 29.7 +/- 12.6% SD,
      3.8 times higher than control values (7.8 +/- 2.0% SD, n = 4). These data suggest
      that the blood-nerve barrier of endoneurial capillaries is impaired in patients
      with diabetic polyneuropathy.

PMID- 4069376
TI  - Dementia with bilateral medial temporal lobe ischemia.
AB  - Neuropathologic examination of two patients with dementia showed chronic
      bilateral medial temporal lobe ischemic damage that included the hippocampus
      (particularly the CA-1 region), subiculum, and amygdala. Both patients had
      several myocardial infarctions, and the relatively circumscribed cerebral injury
      may have resulted from one or more episodes of global hypoxic ischemia. Focal
      hippocampal injury has been associated with amnesia. The additional damage to
      medial temporal lobe structures may have caused the dementia.

PMID- 4069377
TI  - Aphasia and agraphia in lesions of the posterior internal capsule and putamen.
AB  - We studied three right-handed patients with small, lacunar infarcts localized by
      CT to the posterior and lateral putamen and the posterior limb of the internal
      capsule. All had moderate or severe right hemiparesis and mild aphasia that was
      not characteristic of any traditional aphasia syndrome. Two had mild dysarthria.
      Aphasic abnormalities included mild, nonfluent, telegraphic speech and mild,
      fluent aphasia with impaired repetition, naming, and comprehension. All three had
      severely impaired writing. Unlike previously reported patients with subcortical
      infarcts, these cases indicate that small lesions limited to the posterior
      capsuloputaminal area can cause aphasia and agraphia as well as dysarthria.

PMID- 4069378
TI  - Effect of gamma-vinyl GABA on human pattern evoked visual potentials.
AB  - We studied the effects on human visual evoked potentials of gamma-vinyl GABA, an
      anticonvulsant drug that increases cerebral levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid.
      The subjects were 15 epileptic patients undergoing a clinical trial of this drug.
      Serial recordings were made from each patient periodically for 1 year. The
      stimulus was a reversing checkerboard pattern with a check size of 50 minutes.
      Plasma levels of other antiepileptic medications remained constant throughout the
      study. No changes, other than a normal variation of +/- 5 msec, were observed in
      peak latency throughout the study. These results indicate that there are no GABA
      ergic effects on the P100 component evoked by large checkerboard pattern
      reversal.

PMID- 4069379
TI  - Head injuries in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.

PMID- 4069380
TI  - Beta-adrenergic treatment of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis.

PMID- 4069381
TI  - Cardiovascular dysfunction in Guillain-Barre syndrome.

PMID- 4069382
TI  - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: impaired dopaminergic systems?

PMID- 4069383
TI  - Neurobehavioral symptoms in caudate hemorrhage: two cases.

PMID- 4069384
TI  - A further word on caudate hemorrhage.

PMID- 4069385
TI  - Praziquantel for cysticercotic arachnoiditis?

PMID- 4069386
TI  - [The role of plurisensorial evoked potentials in anesthesia, pain and
      resuscitation].

PMID- 4069387
TI  - [Acoustic and somatosensory evoked potentials in anesthesia].

PMID- 4069388
TI  - [Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials. Methodologic considerations and
      interpretations].

PMID- 4069389
TI  - [Study of the changes induced by anesthesia on short and intermediate-latency
      somatosensory evoked potentials].

PMID- 4069390
TI  - [Evoked potentials in resuscitation].

PMID- 4069391
TI  - [Neurophysiologic evaluation in anesthesia and resuscitation].

PMID- 4069392
TI  - [Surgical implications of acid ingestion: wide total gastrectomy due to gastric
      necrosis in the early phase and gastric resection for antro-pyloric stenosis in
      the late phase].

PMID- 4069393
TI  - [Breast neoplasms in an atypical site. Problems of staging and treatment].

PMID- 4069394
TI  - [Prognostic factors in acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 4069395
TI  - [Importance of phospholipase in the pancreatic juice in subjects with chronic
      pancreatitis].

PMID- 4069396
TI  - [Diabetes in surgery: pre- and post-operative monitoring].

PMID- 4069397
TI  - [Aorto-caval fistulas as complications of aneurysm of the abdominal aorta.
      Description of 6 clinical cases].

PMID- 4069398
TI  - [Grafts and thromboendoarteriectomies of the aorto-iliac-femoral axis.
      Comparative results].

PMID- 4069399
TI  - [Technical development of percutaneous catheterization of the central veins].

PMID- 4069400
TI  - [Carpal tunnel syndrome].

PMID- 4069401
TI  - [Comparison of netilmicin with other aminoglycosides in severe surgical
      infections].

PMID- 4069402
TI  - [Technical problems in the surgery of isthmic aortic coarctation and
      pseudocoarctation in adulthood complicated by aneurysm. Apropos of 7 cases].

PMID- 4069403
TI  - [Peritoneal-venous shunt: an easier and safer method for its insertion].

PMID- 4069404
TI  - [Histomorphometric features of the normally descended testicle in prepuberty].

PMID- 4069405
TI  - [Surgical treatment and follow-up of neoplasms of the large intestine. Our
      experience].

PMID- 4069406
TI  - [Biliary ileus: when is the immediate treatment of the internal biliary fistula
      justified?].

PMID- 4069407
TI  - [Usefulness of diagnostic peritoneal lavage in closed injuries of the abdomen].

PMID- 4069408
TI  - [Solitary ulcer of the duodenum and small intestine: a rare pathologic form.
      Review of the international literature based in 2 cases observed by us].

PMID- 4069409
TI  - [A case of incapsulated hematoma of the left adrenal gland].

PMID- 4069410
TI  - [Diaphragmatic rupture caused by closed injuries].

PMID- 4069411
TI  - [A case of "recurrent" ureterocele in the adult].

PMID- 4069412
TI  - [Mitral valve prolapse and pregnancy].
AB  - 13 cases of MVP in pregnancy were examined and compared with a control group. No
      significant differences were found in the various parameters assessed in the two
      groups nor did there appear to be any significant increase in obstetric or
      neonatal risk.

PMID- 4069413
TI  - [Assessment of the consumption of alcoholic beverages by the secondary-school
      student population of Trieste].
AB  - The results are reported of an epidemiological survey aimed at assessing alcohol
      consumption among the secondary school population of Trieste in three different
      age groups (13-14, 15-16, 18-19). The data obtained on a representative sample of
      Trieste students reveal an alarming situation as regards alcohol consumption
      especially among the younger elements, possibly due to peer pressure. Primary
      prevention involving health education in schools is advocated as a way of halting
      a worrying trend towards alcoholism even among the very young.

PMID- 4069415
TI  - [Diagnostic use of the mathematical model of nonlinear regression in the
      interpretation of the crystalline bilirubin loading test in Gilbert's syndrome].
AB  - The results of a study conducted both on subjects affected by constitutional
      hyperbilirubinaemia (Gilbert's syndrome) and healthy subjects using the charge
      test with crystalline bilirubin are presented. The parameters which are involved
      in bilirubin kinetics were established by means of non linear regression methods
      (the Marquardt method). 19 Gilbert syndrome patients and 12 normal control
      subjects were studied. Important parameters readily applicable to clinical and
      diagnostic evaluation of subjects suffering from familial cholemia were
      identified.

PMID- 4069414
TI  - [A small epidemic focus of pulmonitis caused by Legionella].
AB  - A mini-epidemic consisting of 5 cases of Legionnaire's disease treated during
      september 1983 is reported. These patients shared many of the symptoms
      distinguishing the most common form of this disease in its severe or very severe
      form and some characteristic features of this case series are emphasised. It was
      impossible to trace the source of the outbreak, in spite of the fact that the
      mini-epidemic took place in an open situation. It is underlined that diagnosis is
      mainly clinical. The Legionella pneumophila bacteria should always be considered
      as one of the causal agents of bronchopneumonia, particularly when the following
      conditions are fulfilled: a) the disease takes the form of a confined, out-of
      season, mini-epidemic; b) it is accompanied by multisystemic symptomatology
      and/or much greater involvement of general conditions that is usually to be
      expected in normal cases of bronchopneumonia. Since the disease is often fatal,
      erythromycin or rifampicin treatment should be started upon the slightest
      suspicion of contagion.

PMID- 4069416
TI  - [Behavior of serum sialic acid levels at various stages of neoplastic disease].
AB  - Serum sialic acid levels were measured at two different stages of neoplasia
      (active and non-active phases). CEA levels were also assayed at the same time. 98
      patients suffering from different neoplastic diseases and a group of healthy
      controls were studied. Serum sialic acid levels were always significantly higher
      in the neoplastic patients. When neoplastic disease were divided into active and
      non-active groups, it was observed that the level of this glycoprotein was
      specific in the non-active (NA) phase only for breast tumours and lymphomas.
      Correlation with CEA levels was also significant in these cases. It is concluded
      that serum sialic acid assay may be useful only for melanomas, breast tumours and
      lymphomas where the level of this membrane protein undergoes significant changes
      according to the stage of the tumour.

PMID- 4069417
TI  - [Behavior of GH and prolactin during enflurane anesthesia and
      neuroleptoanesthesia in man].
AB  - The present study was designed to investigate the effects of neuraleptanesthesia
      (NLA) and enflurane (Ethane) anesthesia on plasma levels of growth hormone (GH)
      and prolactin (PRL) in man. A total of 18 patients aged between 20 and 65 years
      scheduled for elective open-heart surgery were divided in two groups. In the
      first group (9 patients) general anaesthesia was induced with sodium thiopental
      (TPS) (3-5 mg/kg) and was maintained with enflurane administered with an inspired
      concentration of 1.5% in nitrous oxide (2 litres/min) and oxygen (2 litres/min).
      In the second group (9 patients) anaesthesia was induced with dihydrobenzopyridol
      (BPS) (0.1-0.2 mg/kg), fentanyl (5-8 gamma/kg) and TPS (3-5 mg/kg) and was
      maintained with fentanyl (0,65 mg in average). The patients had neither hepatic,
      renal or endocrine disease nor did they have a history of steroid therapy. All
      subjects received atropine (0.01 mg/kg) and diazepam (0.2 mg/kg) i.m. 2 hours
      before induction of anaesthesia. Blood samples for GH and PRL was collected
      before induction of anaesthesia (0) and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after
      induction: the 90' sample was taken immediately after sternal incision. The
      sampling was stopped at the start of the cardiopulmonary by-pass. A significative
      reduction of GH at 60' and of PRL at 30' was observed in both groups. Surgical
      stress at 90' does not evoke a significant increase of PRL and GH levels in both
      groups. In conclusion NLA and enflurane induced a decrease of GH and PRL plasma
      levels; in both groups the anaesthetic agents, at the dosage used during
      anaesthesia, blocked the response of these hormones to the surgical stress likely
      due to a block of the hypothalamic-pituitary response.

PMID- 4069418
TI  - [A correct morphological and structural classification of biliary calculi].

PMID- 4069419
TI  - [Causes of anemia in alcoholism].
AB  - Alcohol addiction can cause an infinite variety of pathologies but anaemia is one
      of the commonest clinical phenomena. Megaloblastic, sideroblastic and iron
      deficiency anaemias are certainly the commonest and best known causes of
      erythrocyte deficiency. However other rarer conditions also help to reduce the
      blood mass and should be borne in mind since their diagnosis and treatment can
      cause problems.

PMID- 4069420
TI  - [Marfan's syndrome associated with Schoenlein-Henoch purpura. Description of a
      case].
AB  - A patient with Marfan syndrome and Schoenlein-Henoch purpura is reported. The
      diagnosis has been possible only by clinical criteria because no laboratory test
      is available to support the clinical impressions. Possible initial diagnostic
      confusion with other purpuric disorders is discussed.

PMID- 4069421
TI  - [Essential thrombocythemia. Clinical case report].
AB  - Essential thrombocythemia is a rare form of proliferative myelopathy and should
      not be confused with secondary thrombocythemia. In view of the frequency with
      which an increased platelet count is recorded with the automatic hemochromogen
      recorder, the fundamental parameters necessary for an accurate diagnosis are
      summarised on the basis of a typical clinical case observed for two years.

PMID- 4069422
TI  - [Ventricular tachycardia].
AB  - Various electrocardiographic forms of ventricular tachycardia are described.
      After a discussion of the different pathogenetic mechanisms about this
      arrhythmia, the various types of pharmacological and electrical treatment are
      examined.

PMID- 4069423
TI  - [Prognostic value of serum and tissue CEA evaluation in lung cancer].
AB  - Serum concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was determined in 53 lung
      cancer patients before and 1 month after surgery. Relationships between serum CEA
      levels after and before surgery and survival were carried out. Furthermore,
      histological sections of the neoplastic surgical material were stained with anti
      human CEA antibody using an immunohistochemical method. The positivity of the
      neoplastic cells and of the macrophages were then analyzed and discussed.

PMID- 4069425
TI  - [Proposal for a program in the early diagnosis of breast cancer].
AB  - Systematic examination of the breasts of women admitted to a medical ward for
      apparently non-breast-related pathologies revealed 22 cases of isolated nodules
      (2.06%) of which 9 (40.9%) were carcinomatous. It is pointed out that while mass
      screenings are impossibly expensive careful periodic clinical examination by the
      G.P. is sufficient to identify a good percentage of potentially curable
      neoplasias.

PMID- 4069424
TI  - [Serum levels of copper and zinc in patients with lung cancer].
AB  - Serum copper levels (SCL) and serum zinc levels (SZL) were measured in two groups
      of lung cancer patients divided according to disease extension. SCL was higher,
      SZL was lower and SCL/SZL ratio was more raised in patients extensively affected
      by the disease. It is confirmed that SCL, SZL and the SCL/SZL ratio play an
      important role in indicating the stage of lung cancer development.

PMID- 4069426
TI  - [Monolateral autoimmune exophthalmos in an euthyroid woman].
AB  - So-called "endocrine" ophthalmopathy may arise even in the absence of thyroid
      disorders since although these two nosographic and clinical conditions are both
      linked to closely inter-related organ-specific auto-immune responses, they may
      also present independently. After a review of the two clinical conditions, the
      case of an autoimmune ophthalmopathy unaccompanied, at least during a long
      observation period, by demonstrable functional thyroid alterations is reported.
      The case was also unusual because only one eye was affected.

PMID- 4069427
TI  - [Primary intestinal lymphangiectasis. Apropos of a clinical case].
AB  - A case of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia in a 40-year old patient is
      described. The diagnosis was rendered more difficult by the association of this
      disease, breast cancer and the mistaken diagnosis of neoplastic cells in the
      pleural fluid. The clinical situation, laboratory and radiological findings, and
      biopsy results are compared with findings reported in the literature. A rapid,
      long-term improvement was obtained by the administration of a hypolipidic diet
      containing medium chain length fats.

PMID- 4069428
TI  - [Fibrinolysis in pregnancy].

PMID- 4069429
TI  - [Crohn disease and pregnancy].

PMID- 4069430
TI  - [Ulcero-hemorrhagic rectocolitis and pregnancy].

PMID- 4069431
TI  - [Hypertension in pregnancy. Clinical experience and results].

PMID- 4069433
TI  - [Metroplasty in our experience].

PMID- 4069432
TI  - [Control of the maternal and fetal risk in pregnancies complicated by infections
      of the urinary tract].

PMID- 4069434
TI  - [Clindamycin phosphate and gentamycin in the prevention of infections in
      gynecologic surgery].

PMID- 4069435
TI  - Cortical serotonin receptor subtypes after lesion of ascending cholinergic
      neurones in rat.
AB  - Serotonin (5-HT) S1 and S2 receptors were studied in rat cortex after lesion of
      the ascending cholinergic systems by injection of ibotenic acid into the nucleus
      basalis. The lesions produced a large (56%) decrease in choline acetyltransferase
      activity with no change in markers of gamma-aminobutyric acid, dopamine and 5-HT
      containing neurones. Lesions of the ascending cholinergic neurones were
      accompanied by a loss of 5-HT S1 receptor binding sites with no change in S2
      receptors. These results suggest that a proportion of S1 receptors may be
      associated with cholinergic terminals.

PMID- 4069436
TI  - Adrenal release of catecholamines and Met-enkephalin before and after stress as
      measured by a novel in vivo dialysis method in the rat.
AB  - A dialysis tubing was implanted in the adrenal gland of rats. Adrenomedullary
      secretion products were dialysed into Ringer solution in the awake animal.
      Catecholamines (CAs) and methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) were measurable under
      resting conditions. Epinephrine, norepinephrine and Met-Enk-like immunoreactive
      material increased following application of an immobilization stress for 5 min.
      The results demonstrate that adrenomedullary CAs and peptides are coreleased.
      They also demonstrate that Met-Enk-like immunoreactive material is released under
      stress.

PMID- 4069437
TI  - Transplantation of fetal cortex to the brain of newborn rats: a retrograde
      fluorescent analysis of callosal and thalamic projections from transplant to
      host.
AB  - Fetal cerebral cortical tissue was transplanted into the cerebral hemisphere of 0
      1-day-old rats. In some cases, the transplants were placed into or adjacent to
      cortical lesion cavities made immediately prior to transplantation. Injections at
      maturity of fast blue and diamidino yellow into the host contralateral cortex and
      ipsilateral thalamus demonstrated the presence of callosal and thalamic
      projections from transplant to host. Numerous single-labeled neurons were often
      arranged in cell bands or clusters. This apparent topography and the absence of
      double-labeling resembled normal labeling patterns.

PMID- 4069438
TI  - Effect of liver and renal dysfunction on circulating methionine-enkephalin
      immunoreactivity.
AB  - Plasma methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) immunoreactivity has been determined in 24
      patients with varying degrees of renal impairment and 14 patients with hepatic
      failure. Plasma Met-Enk immunoreactivity correlated inversely with creatinine
      clearance (r = -0.71, P less than 0.001) but was not affected by even severe
      hepatic failure in the absence of renal impairment. In two patients, with renal
      failure and elevated plasma prolactin, administration of naloxone (16 mg) had no
      effect on circulating prolactin concentrations. These studies indicate that the
      kidney has a major role in Met-Enk metabolism while the liver does not, and
      further suggest that elevated circulating endogenous opiates are not responsible
      for the increased production of prolactin found in renal failure.

PMID- 4069439
TI  - The effects of high-frequency inflation and high-frequency deflation on
      respiration in rabbits.
AB  - High-frequency inflating and deflating triangular pulses of pressure were applied
      to air in the trachea of urethane-chloralose-anesthetized rabbits. Expiratory
      time was increased by high-frequency inflation (HFI) and decreased by high
      frequency deflation (HFD). Both had little effect on inspiratory time or tidal
      phrenic nerve activity. HFD provoked more tonic type phrenic activity, with
      discharges being evident during the expiratory phase. It was demonstrated that
      HFI, which probably stimulates pulmonary stretch receptors, inhibits the
      initiation of inspiration and HFD, which probably stimulates irritant receptors,
      facilitates inspiration.

PMID- 4069440
TI  - Spatial organization within rat motoneuron pools.
AB  - Topographical maps form the basis of the organization in many projections within
      the central nervous system, but in the neuromuscular system such detailed spatial
      organization has generally been assumed to be absent and indeed unnecessary for
      normal function (see, for example, ref. 1). However, there is some physiological
      evidence for a degree of spatial organization within the discrete, longitudinal
      motor columns which supply individual muscles. We have used horseradish
      peroxidase as a retrograde tracer to confirm the topographical relationship
      between the rostro-caudal location of motoneuron cell bodies and the antero
      posterior motor unit distribution in the rat gluteus maximus muscle. We also
      provide evidence for a further axis of intracolumnar organization. The motor
      pools of the rat intercostal muscles, whose axons lie in a single, segmental
      nerve, have a ventro-dorsal axis in the ventral horn on which is mapped the
      proximo-distal position of the motor units. This suggests that during
      development, not only are motoneurons specified to innervate a particular muscle,
      but project within that muscle to a predictable location according to their
      position in the motoneuron pool. The presence of such topographical maps suggests
      that motoneurons are subject to greater developmental constraints than previously
      thought.

PMID- 4069441
TI  - Circadian changes in extracellular ascorbate in rat cortex, accumbens, striatum
      and hippocampus: correlations with motor activity.
AB  - We have used linear sweep voltammetry with carbon-paste electrodes to monitor
      changes in the ascorbate signal simultaneously in rat frontal cortex, nucleus
      accumbens, striatum and hippocampus together with motor activity. The relative
      amplitude of the ascorbate signal recorded in the four regions corresponded to
      the relative density of excitatory amino acid (EAA) transmission determined by
      other methods; this result provides further evidence that the ascorbate signal
      may be used as an index of EAA release. Changes in motor activity were associated
      with changes in the ascorbate signal; linear regression analysis for motor
      activity versus the ascorbate signal revealed differences between the release of
      ascorbate in the four brain regions.

PMID- 4069442
TI  - The effects of calcitonin on central neurons in the rat.
AB  - The effects of salmon calcitonin on central neurons were studied in anesthetized
      rats. Calcitonin applied iontophoretically consistently inhibited spontaneous
      activity in half of the neurons tested in the anterior hypothalamic nucleus and
      subthalamus but had virtually no effect on cortical and thalamic neurons.
      Calcitonin also inhibited glutamate-evoked activity in the neurons tested.
      Calcitonin administered into the brain ventricular system led to a marked
      decrease in spontaneous discharge of hypothalamic cells in the majority of cells
      tested. The onset of this response began within 20 and 30 min of calcitonin
      application.

PMID- 4069443
TI  - The effect of eye enucleation on the number of fibres in the supraoptic
      decussation of posthatch chicks (Gallus gallus).
AB  - In this study of the young chick we examine the effects of unilateral or
      bilateral eye enucleation on the number of axons in the supraoptic decussation, a
      major interhemispheric tract subserving visual function. On posthatch day 25,
      chicks underwent removal of either one or both eyes. After a survival period of
      32 days, electron microscopic examination of the supraoptic decussation revealed
      a substantial loss of fibres. In the bilaterally enucleated group, a significant
      decrease in the number of axons occurred in both the dorsal and ventral aspects
      of the supraoptic decussation. The effect of unilateral enucleation was not as
      severe. The results indicate that enucleation of the precocial and functioning
      visual system of the chick leads to a transneuronal loss of axons. The degree of
      loss may reflect the amount of fibres in the crossed visual projection within the
      supraoptic decussation.

PMID- 4069444
TI  - Projections from visual cortical area 19, the posterior medial lateral
      suprasylvian area and the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex of the thalamus to
      areas 17 and 18 in young kittens.
AB  - Retrogradely transported horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or HRP conjugated to wheat
      germ agglutinin was used to demonstrate projections from area 19, the posterior
      medial lateral suprasylvian area (PMLS) and the lateral posterior-pulvinar
      complex (LP-PC) of the thalamus to areas 17 and 18 of the visual cortex in young
      kittens. Areas 17 and 18 in kittens, as in adult cats, receive association fibres
      from cells lying mainly in deep cortical laminae in area 19 and PMLS, and
      projections from the LP-PC of the thalamus.

PMID- 4069445
TI  - Neuronal control of ballistic finger movements in man: task specific
      electromyographic patterns.
AB  - The electromyographic (EMG) patterns of finger flexor and extensor muscles have
      been studied during ballistic finger movements in three different conditions: (1)
      rapid isotonic finger flexion; (2) throwing and (3) catching a tennis ball. In 1
      and 2 a three-burst pattern was observed. In the latter, the first agonist burst
      was shorter and of higher amplitude compared to condition 1. Catching a ball was
      connected with a coactivation of extensor and flexor muscles prior to and during
      ball contact and a contribution of segmental stretch reflexes to the flexor
      activation. The finger flexion movement was 10-15 times faster than in conditions
      1 and 2. After ischaemic blocking of group I afferents and in patients with
      rigidity, a short inhibition of the increased extensor activation became
      predominant and was the basic mechanism underlying finger flexion for catching a
      ball. It is concluded that in natural ballistic finger movements, other neuronal
      mechanisms are of functional significance than those seen in the usual
      experimental paradigms.

PMID- 4069446
TI  - Reciprocal inhibition of proprioceptive reflexes in man revealed by a threshold
      shift technique.
AB  - Variations in soleus H-reflex threshold following single conditioning stimuli to
      tibialis anterior afferents were studied in man by probit analysis of quantal
      electromyographic responses. The H-reflex threshold was elevated in 6 out of 7
      subjects (conditioning-test interval, 2 ms) when conditioning strengths were
      greater than about 0.70 X tibialis anterior motor threshold: the degree of
      elevation was exponentially related to conditioning strength. Analysis of
      response variability indicated that in some cases weaker conditioning was also
      effective. These findings are consistent with the view that reciprocal inhibition
      effectively modulates the threshold, rather than the amplitude, of proprioceptive
      reflex discharge.

PMID- 4069447
TI  - Contralateral termination of pudendal nerve fibers in the gracile nucleus of the
      rat.
AB  - After applying horseradish peroxidase (HRP) unilaterally to central cut end of
      the pudendal nerve of the rat, transganglionic HRP-labeling of presumed axon
      terminals was constantly seen in the nucleus gracilis bilaterally with an
      ipsilateral predominance.

PMID- 4069448
TI  - The avian pineal gland as an independent magnetic sensor.
AB  - The electrical activity of pigeon pineal cells was modified by gradual inversion
      of the natural magnetic field. Effects were also found in blinded birds, and
      following surgical and chemical interference with the neural connections of the
      pineal, indicating that the gland possesses intrinsic magnetic sensitivity. The
      results are in line with the concept that magnetic field detection is associated
      with photoreceptor activity.

PMID- 4069449
TI  - Differential effects of chronic dehydration on protein synthesis in neurons of
      the rat hypothalamus.
AB  - The rate of methionine incorporation was measured in individual hypothalamic
      nuclei by a quantitative autoradiographic technique: the L-[35S]methionine
      method. Physiological stimulation of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system by
      two days of water deprivation, a stress that increased the plasma total
      neurophysins concentration 4-5-fold, resulted in a 70-80% increase in overall
      protein synthesis in the supraoptic nucleus and in the magnocellular subdivisions
      of the paraventricular nucleus. The same stimulus had no effect on protein
      synthesis rate of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and of the other representative
      cerebral structures examined. This differential effect on protein synthesis was
      also observed within the paraventricular nucleus.

PMID- 4069450
TI  - Sleep-promoting effects of intraperitoneally administered uridine in unrestrained
      rats.
AB  - An intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 nmol uridine in rats resulted in a transient
      excess slow-wave sleep if administered shortly before onset of the dark period.
      The sleep latency was remarkably shortened. A small dose (0.01 nmol) and larger
      doses (1, 10, 100 nmol) caused no effect. Uridine at a dose of 0.1 nmol was
      entirely ineffective if injected shortly before onset of the light period, while
      it resulted in transient excess paradoxical sleep if injected at an early phase
      of the light period. It is concluded that uridine, if timely administered through
      a systemic route, may pass the blood-brain barrier to modulate sleep in rats.

PMID- 4069451
TI  - Intramembranous particle patches in myelin-deficient rat axons.
AB  - Focal accumulations of E-face intramembranous particles occur in spinal cord
      axons of myelin-deficient rat mutants. These resemble nodal particles and, like
      them, may represent voltage-sensitive sodium channels. It is proposed that axonal
      activity at these foci could increase extracellular potassium to the point of
      triggering activity in adjacent axons. Rapid spread of such potassium-induced
      activity among bare axons could underlie the seizures and other neurological
      abnormalities that develop in this mutant. A similar mechanism may account for
      the paroxysmal attacks sometimes seen in multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 4069452
TI  - Retrograde axonal transport of cadmium in the rat hypoglossal nerve.
AB  - A small volume of radioactively labelled cadmium was injected into the tongue of
      rats. Two weeks later, the rats were killed and the lower brainstem with the
      hypoglossal nuclei was dissected out and sectioned in a cryostat. Autoradiography
      of freeze-dried sections showed accumulation of cadmium in both hypoglossal
      nuclei. When unilateral nerve section was performed prior to the injection, only
      the contralateral nucleus was labelled. The results are interpreted as strong
      evidence for retrograde axonal transport of cadmium in the hypoglossal nerve.

PMID- 4069453
TI  - Plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine and corticosterone stress responses to
      restraint in individual male and female rats, and their correlations.
AB  - Norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and corticosterone (C) levels were
      determined in the same male and female rats before and during a 30-min period of
      restraint. Individual values were compared within and among NE, E and C.
      Individual rats responded differently to immobilization and females usually
      showed higher stress values. NE and E levels rose smoothly and simultaneously in
      all animals and peaked early. The early (5 min) NE and E levels, but not the
      baseline values (0 min), predicted the total extent of the NE and E stress
      responses in both sexes. The C response was relatively independent of either E or
      NE. The male C response, but not the female C response, was strongly predicted by
      the C 5-min level, and significantly predicted by the C 15-min level.
      Additionally, the male C response, unlike the E, NE or female C response, was
      biphasic, dropping significantly below baseline at 5 min before rising to peak
      levels at the end of immobilization (30 min).

PMID- 4069454
TI  - Localizing the site of generation of uni-quantal endplate potentials using two
      intracellular microelectrodes.
AB  - By recording with a microelectrode at either end of the endplate, the site of
      generation of uni-quantal endplate potentials (EPP) can be estimated. One method
      assumes that the logarithm of the amplitude of the signal declines linearly with
      distance along the cable [4, 8]. The uncertainties in this method are discussed.
      We show that even on a muscle cable the logarithm of the time integral of the EPP
      declines linearly with distance, falling to 1/e at a distance equal to the length
      constant, lambda. We conclude that the integral approach provides a theoretically
      sound method for localizing the sites of uniquantal EPP generation with two
      microelectrodes.

PMID- 4069455
TI  - Respiratory reflexes in an isolated brainstem-lung preparation of the newborn
      rat: possible involvement of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine.
AB  - An isolated brainstem-lung preparation of the newborn rat was developed for a
      pharmacological study on the respiratory reflexes in vitro. Spontaneous periodic
      depolarizations of the ventral roots (C4-C5) were observed at a frequency of 5
      15/min and regarded as the respiratory activity. This activity was transiently
      inhibited when the lungs were inflated by gas pressure applied to the trachea.
      The inhibitory response of the respiratory rhythm was markedly depressed by the
      application of bicuculline or strychnine to the brainstem. These results suggest
      that gamma-aminobutyric acid and/or glycine may be neurotransmitters in the
      brainstem which cause the inhibitory respiratory reflex.

PMID- 4069456
TI  - Changes in catecholamine concentrations in the hypothalamus and region of the
      midbrain raphe in male and female rats during postnatal development.
AB  - To investigate possible sex differences in central catecholaminergic systems, the
      concentrations of dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were
      measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection
      in the hypothalamus-preoptic area (H-POA) and midbrain raphe (MR) region of male
      and female rats throughout postnatal development. Other than a small but
      significant sex difference in DA concentration in the MR at 36 h (higher in
      females), the results showed that there were no sex differences in the
      concentrations of DA or DOPAC at any age in either brain region. The
      developmental profiles of the concentrations of DA and DOPAC showed that DAergic
      systems in the H-POA are immature at birth, with concentrations increasing
      steadily until 80 days of age, but in the MR concentrations reach a maximum at 20
      days of age; a situation which is perhaps a reflection of differing monoamine
      metabolism in the two areas.

PMID- 4069457
TI  - Effect of morphine on the adrenal sympathetic reflex elicited by mechanical
      stimulation of the skin in rats.
AB  - The effect of morphine on the cutaneo-adrenal nerve reflex was studied in rats
      anesthetized with urethane-chloralose. Morphine (1 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly
      depressed the reflex increase in adrenal nerve activity induced by noxious lower
      chest pinching. Morphine (10 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly inhibited the reflex
      decrease in adrenal nerve activity induced by innocuous lower chest and hindlimb
      brushing, as well as the response induced by noxious lower chest pinching.
      Reversal by naloxone of the morphine-induced depression of the cutaneo-adrenal
      nerve reflexes indicates that the opioid receptor is associated with these
      effects of morphine.

PMID- 4069458
TI  - Towards control of chlamydial infections.
AB  - Chlamydia trachomatis causes more sexually transmissible diseases in the United
      States than any other organism. Complications of chlamydial urethritis and
      cervicitis include epididymitis, salpingitis and neonatal pneumonia. Chlamydial
      infections can be easily treated but, until recently, they have been difficult to
      diagnose. Presumptive antichlamydial therapy for symptomatic/high-risk
      individuals was the first step taken towards control. With new methods of
      diagnosis becoming available, detection in asymptomatic women is the next
      critical step. Key populations for screening include clinics for family planning,
      abortion, student health, adolescent care and prenatal care. This article
      outlines the biology, diseases, diagnosis and treatment of C. trachomatis.

PMID- 4069459
TI  - Environmental and behavioral factors that can affect blood pressure.
AB  - A patient's blood pressure may vary considerably and not be a sign of a
      pathological process in the patient. Environmental factors which cause blood
      pressure changes are climate, temperature and time of day. There are also age and
      sex differences in blood pressure. Body and extremity position, activity and
      exercise, food, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and psychological stress are
      behavioral factors which alter blood pressure. When the nurse practitioner
      measures a patient's blood pressure, as many transient variables as possible need
      to be controlled. Those factors which cannot be controlled must be carefully
      evaluated so the NP does not erroneously interpret the blood pressure change as a
      sign of pathology.

PMID- 4069460
TI  - Hardiness: a new perspective in health promotion.
AB  - Hardiness is a developing concept of particular relevance to primary care
      nursing. Evolving out of existential psychology, hardiness is proposed as a
      personality characteristic that serves to mediate the stress-illness
      relationship, promoting health in the presence of high degrees of life change and
      stress. In this review, the concept of hardiness is analyzed and discussed. Its
      implications for nursing theory and primary care practice are demonstrated.

PMID- 4069461
TI  - A primer of chest radiology.

PMID- 4069462
TI  - Nurse psychotherapists' experiences in obtaining individual practice privileges.
AB  - Nurses who function as primary care providers often want direct access to
      hospitalized clients. Individual practice privileges provide one means by which
      such providers can admit and treat their clients in institutional settings. This
      article describes a study in which nurse psychotherapists report their
      experiences in obtaining individual staff privileges. Findings of the study have
      implications for other primary care nurses seeking such privileges. The authors
      conclude that current conditions within the health care system may be favorable
      in facilitating individual practice privileges for nurses.

PMID- 4069463
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse and candidiasis.

PMID- 4069464
TI  - Tetanus and the aged.

PMID- 4069465
TI  - Diets are assessed in terms of energy (calories)--an insufficient means of
      assessment.

PMID- 4069466
TI  - Intestinal bacteria--passengers or partners?
AB  - The gut of all warm-blooded animals contains a large population of bacteria. The
      metabolic activities of this diverse collection of bacteria can affect the host
      animal in a variety of ways, some of which are harmful and some of which are
      beneficial. The way in which an organism reacts with its host can be affected by
      diet or by other bacteria present in the gut. The complex inter-relationship
      between the different bacteria and between the bacteria and the host are
      discussed.

PMID- 4069467
TI  - Role of government in food supply.
AB  - Food is a primary necessity of life and worldwide governments have a substantial
      influence on the foods offered for human consumption. Principal movement is
      concerned with supply of foods through assistance to farmers in general aiming to
      maintain a fair standard of return for those involved in agriculture. Further
      involvement relates to quality of foods (microbiological safety) and with
      consumer protection against unfair trading practice. Government economic policies
      influence demand for foods whilst educational strategies can stimulate particular
      food choices. Present nutritional ideas recommend changes to diet as part of
      programmes designated to reduce incidence of conditions such as coronary heart
      disease. It is a government responsibility to provide clear information on foods
      and nutrition. Rational government involvement can lead to better nutrition for
      the population whilst stimulating an efficient agricultural industry.

PMID- 4069468
TI  - Serum cholesterol and nutrition in Japan.

PMID- 4069469
TI  - An account of one consequence of a fluoride build-up in the bone structure of
      persons with weak kidneys.

PMID- 4069470
TI  - The value of syringe shields in a nuclear medicine department.
AB  - The radiation dose to the pulp of both index fingers has been measured in a
      radiopharmacy supplying 11 000 patient doses a year, in a hospital dispensary
      (4500 doses a year) and in its injection area. Tungsten syringe shields were used
      for one week and not used during the other week. In the radiopharmacy and the
      dispensary the highest finger dose recorded was 6.8 mSv, which corresponds to an
      annual figure of 330 mSv. Syringe shields gave a protection factor of less than
      two, and the dose to the left hand was approximately half that to the right. When
      giving injections the corresponding weekly and annual doses were 4.6 and 220 mSv
      respectively. If all injections had been given by a single person the
      corresponding annual dose would have been 430 mSv. Using syringe shields this
      could be reduced by factors of at least eight for the right hand but only 1.3 for
      the left hand. Dose rates for unshielded syringes expressed per 10 GBq handled
      are similar to other data in the literature. However, syringe shields reduce the
      dose rates less than anticipated. Tungsten 1.94 to 3.05 mm thick would be
      expected to give an attenuation factor of 27 to 178.

PMID- 4069471
TI  - Synthesis and biodistribution of [18F]-5-fluorocytosine.
AB  - [18F]-5-fluorocytosine was prepared by reaction of [18F]-acetylhypofluorite with
      cytosine in acetic acid and was isolated in an overall radiochemical yield of
      20%. Tissue distribution studies in sarcoma-bearing rats indicated in vivo
      stability, limited tissue uptake and rapid urinary excretion.

PMID- 4069472
TI  - Estimating the effective renal plasma flow from the hippurate renogram.
AB  - A method for estimating the effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) from renograms is
      presented. Renograms obtained in 91 patients were used to test the method. The
      clearance values derived from renography were compared with those obtained with
      infusion clearance. It was shown that the ERPF was able to be estimated from the
      renogram with a standard error of +/- 94 ml min-1.

PMID- 4069473
TI  - Method for the preparation of N-isopropyl-p-(123I)-iodoamphetamine with an
      assessment of radiochemical purity.

PMID- 4069474
TI  - Gastro-oesophageal scintigraphy in infants.

PMID- 4069475
TI  - Adrenal scintigraphy with 75Se selenonorcholestenol: a review.
AB  - We have reviewed 58 patients on whom adrenal scintigraphy has been performed
      using 75Se selenonorcholestenol. For 15 patients whose adrenal function was
      biochemically normal, the upper limit of normal of the 7 day adrenal uptake test
      was 0.45%, considerably higher than the generally accepted value of 0.3%. There
      is evidence from this group of patients that stress and obesity might account for
      uptakes in the range 0.3-0.45%. The sensitivity of the uptake test is poor, with
      7 out of 23 patients with Cushing's syndrome having uptakes within the normal
      range. Scintigraphy of such patients may still be useful in differentiating
      between unilateral and bilateral adrenal involvement.

PMID- 4069476
TI  - Cumulative index, 1981-1985. Volumes 36-40, inclusive.

PMID- 4069477
TI  - Risk factors for shoulder dystocia.
AB  - The risk factors associated with the occurrence of shoulder dystocia were
      examined in the general obstetrical population of women delivering vaginally. An
      increasing incidence of shoulder dystocia was found as infant birth weight
      increased. Although one-third of shoulder dystocia occurred in pregnancies at 42
      + weeks, except for those resulting in infants weighing 4500 + g, the vast
      majority was unaffected by shoulder dystocia. The incidence of shoulder dystocia
      in nondiabetic gravidas delivering an infant weighing 4000 to 4499 and 4500 + g
      vaginally was 10.0 and 22.6%, respectively. Within the 4000- to 4499-g group, no
      labor abnormality was clearly predictive; however, in the heaviest birth weight
      group, an arrest disorder heralded a shoulder dystocia in 55.0% of cases.
      Diabetics experienced more shoulder dystocia than nondiabetics. Among them, 31%
      of vaginally delivered neonates weighing 4000 + g experienced shoulder dystocia.
      Nevertheless, the risk factors of diabetes and large fetus (4000 + g) could
      predict 73% of shoulder dystocia among diabetics; large fetus along flagged 52%
      of shoulder dystocia in nondiabetics. Cesarean section is recommended as the
      delivery method for diabetic gravidas whose estimated fetal weight is 4000 + g.
      If others confirm the risk, the authors advise serious consideration of cesarean
      section for gravidas who are carrying fetuses estimated to be 4500 + g and who
      experience an abnormal labor.

PMID- 4069478
TI  - Peripheral placental separation: a possible relationship to premature labor.
AB  - This investigation was undertaken to determine the relationship, if any, between
      peripheral placental separation and idiopathic premature labor. Ninety placentas
      from prematurely delivered patients (who had had no antepartum bleeding) were
      examined grossly and microscopically. Criteria for antepartum peripheral
      placental separation included adherent clot, with fibrin deposition and
      lamination, as well as polymorphonuclear infiltration and marginal decidual
      necrosis. Forty-nine placentas showed unequivocal evidence of previous peripheral
      separation. Another three placentas showed presumptive evidence of previous
      peripheral separation. It is suggested that this separation is of venous origin,
      and that it may play a role in the process of premature labor. This is not
      necessarily a cause and effect relationship.

PMID- 4069479
TI  - Luteal phase pregnancy and tubal sterilization.
AB  - The effectiveness of several measures that may reduce the risk of luteal phase
      pregnancies after interval tubal sterilization was analyzed. Using data from the
      Collaborative Review of Sterilization on 5495 women, 18 luteal phase pregnancies
      were identified. Women who underwent sterilization after their estimated date of
      ovulation had a low risk of having a luteal phase pregnancy if they used oral
      contraceptives or an intrauterine device in the month before sterilization. Of
      the 18 luteal phase pregnancies, 14 (78%) occurred among the 16.8% of the women
      who were sterilized after their estimated date of ovulation and who had used
      barrier, rhythm, or withdrawal methods of contraception in the month before
      sterilization. The use of concurrent dilatation and curettage in these women at
      increased risk of luteal phase pregnancy did not lower their risk to that of
      women who were sterilized before their estimated date of ovulation.

PMID- 4069480
TI  - Prevention of bone mineral loss in postmenopausal women by norethisterone.
AB  - The effect of norethisterone on bone mineral metabolism was examined in 43
      postmenopausal women. A significant decline in serum calcium, phosphate, and
      alkaline phosphatase in urinary calcium/creatinine ratio and in tubular maximum
      reabsorption of phosphate was demonstrated. There was no alteration in urinary
      hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio. The bone mineral content measured over two years
      by single photon absorptiometry was compared in 20 patients receiving
      norethisterone and a matched control group receiving placebo. There was
      significant protection against bone loss in the norethisterone group.

PMID- 4069481
TI  - Dilatation and nontraumatic rupture of the urinary tract during pregnancy: a
      review.
AB  - Rupture of the urinary tract during pregnancy is uncommonly reported.
      Nevertheless, pregnancy-induced changes in the urinary tract predispose to tears
      and leaks in the renal parenchyma or collecting system. Pyelonephritis, painful
      overdistension, and rupture are consequences of the effects of pregnancy on the
      urinary tract. Thirteen cases of urinary tract rupture from the literature and
      one from the authors' experience illustrate the clinical manifestations of this
      serious complication of pregnancy.

PMID- 4069482
TI  - Nurse-midwifery in a large teaching hospital.
AB  - The role of the nurse-midwife in a busy obstetric hospital is explored. This
      report reviews the role and development of this service and teaching program in a
      high volume obstetric service. The relationship among the nurse-midwives,
      residents, and faculty demonstrates the ability of these services to work
      effectively with a high-risk population. The occasional complication in the
      obstetric patient as seen in this study dictates a close working relationship
      within the hospital environment. With the ever increasing demands being placed on
      obstetric care, a strong working relationship among health care professionals is
      essential.

PMID- 4069483
TI  - Fusobacterium: anaerobic occult amnionitis and premature labor.
AB  - Fusobacterium species are well established pathogens. Before the advent of
      effective anaerobic antimicrobial therapy, they were associated with prolonged,
      often fatal courses. Previously, fusobacterium had not been identified as a
      common perinatal pathogen. Three cases of occult amnionitis due to Fusobacterium
      are presented. Review of five series of occult amnionitis revealed 23 cases. In
      seven (30.4%), Fusobacterium was isolated. In 14 (60.8%), an anaerobic species
      was isolated. The average gestational age of patients from whom anaerobes were
      grown was 29.0 weeks. Of those that grew no anaerobes, the average gestational
      age was 32.3 weeks (P less than .05). The overall rate of maternal febrile
      morbidity was 35%. Fusobacterium accounted for 50% of the febrile cases while
      accounting for only 30.4% of the total cases.

PMID- 4069484
TI  - Carcinoma of the uterine cervix resembling lymphoepithelioma.
AB  - A case of cervical carcinoma with marked lymphocytic infiltration is described.
      The tumor is histologically similar to lymphoepithelioma of the nasopharyngeal
      region or medullary carcinoma of the breast. This tumor may have a favorable
      prognosis. Only two Japanese groups have reported this tumor as a distinctive
      entity. One such case is reported herein.

PMID- 4069485
TI  - Chylous ascites: a sequel of pelvic radiation therapy.
AB  - Chylous ascites is an unusual condition with many causes. Two cases are presented
      in which it appeared to be related to whole pelvis irradiation in one patient for
      carcinoma of the vagina and in another for carcinoma of the vulva. The diagnosis
      is made by paracentesis and analysis of the fluid. The underlying disease usually
      requires identification by exploratory laparotomy. Although a malignant process
      is the most common cause, the only findings in the authors' cases were widespread
      radiation changes in the intestine. After diagnosis treatment by low-fat diet
      with medium-chain triglyceride supplements resulted in disappearance of chylous
      ascites.

PMID- 4069486
TI  - Multiple pregnancy complicated by a single intrauterine fetal death.

PMID- 4069487
TI  - High cesarean section rate.

PMID- 4069488
TI  - Firing employees who have AIDS brings on new round of legal action.

PMID- 4069489
TI  - Lawsuits must be curbed or medical profession will suffer.

PMID- 4069491
TI  - Health planners neglect quality, overemphasize medical-cost control.

PMID- 4069490
TI  - Carpal tunnel syndrome can be lessened with early treatment.

PMID- 4069492
TI  - Assessing asbestos risks involves prioritizing, ranking hazard areas.

PMID- 4069493
TI  - Traumatic job injury rate needs to be examined, decreased.

PMID- 4069494
TI  - Investigation of intrinsic disturbance wave near the end of expiration.

PMID- 4069495
TI  - Studies on the calcium antagonistic action of tetrandrine: XI: Effects of
      tetrandrine and verapamil on contractility and oxygen consumption in heart
      muscle.

PMID- 4069496
TI  - Inhibitory effect of GABA on phrenic discharge activity of rabbit through
      microinjection into nucleus tractus solitarii.

PMID- 4069498
TI  - Assessment of left ventricular function in coronary artery disease by impedance
      cardiography.

PMID- 4069497
TI  - Evaluation of the effects of tetrandrine on experimental myocardial ischemic and
      infarct size by cardiothermography.

PMID- 4069499
TI  - Effects of tetrachlorvinphos on hepatic microsomal enzymes in the rat.

PMID- 4069500
TI  - Morphological studies on the mechanism of anti-implantative and early-pregnancy
      terminative effect by norethisterone oxime in rats.

PMID- 4069501
TI  - Spleen transplantation: I. Experimental observations on autotransplantation of
      splenic tissue into omental pouch.

PMID- 4069502
TI  - Carcinoma of the gastric stump in China.

PMID- 4069503
TI  - How many doctors are 'enough'?

PMID- 4069504
TI  - AIDS in Ohio. How the state is handling the problem.

PMID- 4069505
TI  - What every Ohio physician should know about AIDS.

PMID- 4069506
TI  - AIDS: the portrait of a victim.

PMID- 4069507
TI  - What Ohioans think about their medical care.

PMID- 4069508
TI  - Estate planning for the unique assets of a physician.

PMID- 4069509
TI  - A practical subcutaneous infusion port system for cancer patients. A Southeastern
      Ohio Cancer Center Study.

PMID- 4069510
TI  - [Blood circulation in the ophthalmic artery basin in patients with aphakia
      studied by Doppler ultrasound].

PMID- 4069511
TI  - [Pathogenesis of retinal detachment and its treatment].

PMID- 4069512
TI  - [Vasosection in the ophthalmic artery basin as a method of preventing intraocular
      hemorrhages during cataract extraction].

PMID- 4069513
TI  - [Study of ocular and cerebral hemodynamics in an investigation of the
      pathogenesis of glaucomatous excavation of the optic disk].

PMID- 4069514
TI  - [Prevention of ciliochoroidal detachment during antiglaucoma surgery].

PMID- 4069515
TI  - [Bilateral acute onset of primary glaucoma].

PMID- 4069516
TI  - [Anticoagulants, thrombolytics and platelet aggregation inhibitors in the complex
      therapy of thrombosis of the central retinal vein and its branches].

PMID- 4069517
TI  - [Dark adaptation in children with high-degree dysbinocular amblyopia].

PMID- 4069518
TI  - [Classification of injuries to the eye and its protective system].

PMID- 4069519
TI  - [Trans-scleral ruby laser coagulation in animal experiments].

PMID- 4069520
TI  - [Evaluation of the biocompatibility of intraocular lenses of different materials
      using a tissue culture method].

PMID- 4069521
TI  - [Role of an eye trauma center in the prevention and treatment of injuries and
      prevention of serious outcomes in agricultural injuries].

PMID- 4069522
TI  - [Measures for the prevention of eye injuries in Kirovograd industrial
      enterprises].

PMID- 4069523
TI  - [Methods of diagnosing hemianopsia in an ophthalmological consulting practice].

PMID- 4069524
TI  - [The Remizov-Griaznov operation for reinforcing the anterior of the eye as a
      stage in the treatment of progressive myopia in children].

PMID- 4069525
TI  - [Functional outcomes of treating patients with arterial occlusion of the retina].

PMID- 4069526
TI  - [Transplantation of honey-preserved cartilage into the scleral ring].

PMID- 4069527
TI  - [Characteristics of the diagnosis, clinical course and treatment of inflammatory
      diseases of the optic nerve in childhood].

PMID- 4069528
TI  - [Main forms and etiological factors of optic nerve diseases in children].

PMID- 4069529
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of inflammatory diseases of the optic nerve in
      children].

PMID- 4069530
TI  - [Long-term observation of patients with hereditary forms of optic nerve atrophy].

PMID- 4069531
TI  - [Value of studies of color perception thresholds in the diagnosis of partial
      atrophy of the optic nerve in children].

PMID- 4069532
TI  - [Precongestive diagnosis of intracranial hypertension in children].

PMID- 4069533
TI  - [Complications of scleranguloreconstruction in primary open-angle glaucoma].

PMID- 4069534
TI  - [Correction of microcirculatory disorders in patients with open angle glaucoma
      with rheopolyglycine].

PMID- 4069535
TI  - [Relationship between the state of the optic disk and the central area of the
      visual field in primary open-angle glaucoma].

PMID- 4069536
TI  - [Analysis of the causes of failures in the surgical treatment of retinal
      detachment and the expediency of early reoperations].

PMID- 4069537
TI  - [Effectiveness of local barotherapy in ophthalmology].

PMID- 4069538
TI  - [Complex electrophysiological and morphological characteristics of the levator of
      the upper eyelid in congenital ptosis in children].

PMID- 4069539
TI  - [Relationship between the forms of myopic chorioretinal dystrophy and the axial
      length and rate of eye growth].

PMID- 4069540
TI  - [The "gamma angle" and its effect on the visual capacity of the eye].

PMID- 4069541
TI  - [Ultrastructural characteristics of the posterior capsule of the crystalline lens
      with regard to age and in various types of cataract].

PMID- 4069542
TI  - [Intraocular pressure after long-term stimulation and electrolytic destruction of
      the reticular formation of the midbrain].

PMID- 4069543
TI  - [Results of studies of visual fatigue in senior students of a medical institute].

PMID- 4069545
TI  - [Ophthalmological manifestations in pretibial myxedema].

PMID- 4069544
TI  - [A method and indicators of chromatic tear-absorbing test in the normal state and
      in various forms of lacrimal apparatus pathology].

PMID- 4069546
TI  - ["Giant" dacryoliths in fungal dacryocystitis].

PMID- 4069547
TI  - [A case of essential phthisis of both eyes].

PMID- 4069548
TI  - [A method of complex treatment of Muren's ulcer].

PMID- 4069549
TI  - Combination chemotherapy with the M-2 protocol (BCNU, cyclophosphamide,
      vincristine, melphalan, and prednisone) for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (stages
      III and IV).
AB  - The M-2 protocol was administered every 5 weeks to 25 patients with stage III and
      IV chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Complete remission (CR; absence of all
      clinical and bone marrow evidence of leukemia including normal immune markers for
      monoclonal disease) and partial remission (PR; greater than 50% decrease in organ
      enlargement and reduction of WBC count to below 15,000 X 10(6)/l) were achieved
      in 20 and 48%, respectively. A median number of 24 cycles of therapy was required
      to produce a CR. The median duration of unmaintained remission was 12 months. All
      CR patients are still surviving. The median survival of the PR patients and the
      overall groups is 21 months. To improve the CR rate and survival in patients with
      advanced CLL, more effective methods of determining residual leukemic cells and
      different treatment strategies will be needed.

PMID- 4069550
TI  - Antiemetic efficacy of moderately high-dose metoclopramide in patients receiving
      varying doses of cisplatin. Controlled comparison with a combination of
      methylprednisolone and metoclopramide.
AB  - In 29 patients (48 courses of chemotherapy), a randomized double-blind crossover
      study was undertaken to establish the antiemetic effectiveness of a combination
      of metoclopramide at a moderately high dose (5 mg/kg body weight) with 1 g
      methylprednisolone (treatment A) as compared with metoclopramide monotherapy (5
      mg/kg body weight; treatment B). With cisplatin doses of 60 mg/m2, a good
      antiemetic effect (0-1 vomiting episodes in 24 h) was observed in 9 out of 10
      patients under treatment A as well as under treatment B. With a cisplatin dose of
      120 mg/m2, treatment A produced a good antiemetic effect in 9 out of 11 patients
      (82%), while treatment B produced such an effect in only 3 out of 11 patients
      (27%; p less than 0.5). The results obtained permit the following conclusions to
      be made: At doses of cisplatin of up to 60 mg/m2, the antiemetic effect produced
      by metoclopramide (5 mg/kg body weight) given alone is adequate. At doses of
      cisplatin of 120 mg/m2 and more, high-dose methylprednisolone has a good additive
      antiemetic effect vis-a-vis metoclopramide (5 mg/kg body weight). The antiemetic
      effect of this combination corresponds approximately to the antiemetic effect
      produced with high-dose metoclopramide (10 mg/kg body weight) administered alone.

PMID- 4069551
TI  - Anticancer activity of a natural product, viva-natural, extracted from Undaria
      pinnantifida on intraperitoneally implanted Lewis lung carcinoma.
AB  - A natural product, named Viva-Natural, extracted from a dietary seaweed Undaria
      pinnantifida has been found to be therapeutically active against Lewis lung
      carcinoma (LLC). Viva-Natural also demonstrated moderate prophylactic activity
      against LLC in allogeneic mice. The active principle(s) which was concentrated in
      the water-insoluble fraction of Viva-Natural was essentially noncytotoxic in KB
      cell cultures, and probably a polysaccharide. Viva-Natural was found to be
      significantly effective in enhancing the natural cytolytic activity of peritoneal
      macrophages against KB cells as targets in in vitro assay, suggesting that the
      antitumor action of Viva-Natural might be indirect through the activation of
      nonspecific immune systems. A combination therapy of Viva-Natural and standard
      anticancer drugs was additively or synergistically effective.

PMID- 4069552
TI  - Circadian biological time influences the effect adriamycin has on DNA synthesis
      in mouse bone marrow, ileum and tongue but not Ehrlich ascites carcinoma.
AB  - Adriamycin (ADR; 10 mg/kg) was given to mice bearing a 5-day-old Ehrlich ascites
      carcinoma (EAC) at two different circadian times: 05.00 and 17.00 h. The
      incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA (DNA synthetic activity; DNA-SA)
      was studied in the epithelium of the tongue, ileum, bone marrow and the EAC over
      a 120-hour period after treatment. ADR at 05.00 h was more perturbing of DNA-SA
      in the normal organs than was ADR at 17.00 h. ADR at 05.00 h caused greater
      inhibition of DNA-SA for longer periods of time than did ADR at 17.00 h. Thus,
      the point in the circadian system of the host when ADR was given significantly
      affected the result obtained in the normal organs. This was not true for the EAC.
      DNA-SA in the EAC responded in an almost identical manner regardless of whether
      the ADR was given at 05.00 or at 17.00 h.

PMID- 4069553
TI  - Influence of hormone therapy on human lung tumors transplanted into nude mice.
AB  - Specific estrogen, progesterone, androgen and glucocorticoid receptors were
      determined in 8 lung tumor lines transplanted into athymic nude mice. It was
      found that the receptor content for estrogen, progesterone or androgen was very
      low for all tumor lines tested, whereas the glucocorticoid receptor content was
      high in all cases except 1. The growth inhibition of lung carcinomas on nude mice
      by glucocorticoid or antiglucocorticoid treatment suggests that lung cancer may
      also be influenced by hormonal therapy.

PMID- 4069554
TI  - Mouse neoplasia and immunity: effects of radiation, hyperthermia, 2-deoxy-D
      glucose, and Corynebacterium parvum.
AB  - Radiation (XRT), hyperthermia, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), and Corynebacterium
      parvum were given in various combinations to BALB/c mice injected with herpes
      virus type 2-transformed (H238) cells. Addition of heat significantly increased
      the antitumor effects of XRT, and the combination of XRT + 2DG + heat resulted in
      the highest incidence of complete tumor regression. Enhanced activity of
      phytohemagglutinin-responsive T lymphocytes and natural killer cells capable of
      killing YAC-1 tumor cells was noted in some of the treatment groups while tumor
      volume was similar for all of the groups. This enhancement was most likely to be
      achieved when heat was included as part of the treatment protocol.

PMID- 4069555
TI  - [Morphogenetic characteristics of the mammary glands of autoimmune F1 mice (NZB x
      NZW)].
AB  - The morphogenesis of mammary glands was studied in the normal and autoimmune
      F1(NZW X NZB) mice. In the lactation cycle of the autoimmune mice the normal
      course of structural-functional rearrangements of parenchyma and stroma in the
      developing and involuting mammary glands was disturbed. A conclusion has been
      reached that the modification of stromal elements, first of all involved in the
      autoimmune disease, is the leading link in the abnormal development of mammary
      glands.

PMID- 4069556
TI  - [Respiration and heat production in the embryonic development of chickens].
AB  - A marked increase in the rate of oxagen consumption and heat production, measured
      by the direct method, is observed in the chick embryogenesis. The intensity of
      respiration and heat production of the embryos decreases as the development
      proceeds. During development the data obtained by direct and indirect calorimetry
      diverge. This divergence, referred to as psi u-function, gradually decreases by
      the moment of hatching. Differences in the value of heat production and psi u
      function were found in crosses of meat and egg directions, related to differences
      in the growth rate and productivity of adult fowl.

PMID- 4069558
TI  - Carbon dioxide laser in ophthalmic plastic and orbital surgery.
AB  - The CO2 laser cuts tissue by flash boiling extracellular or intracellular water
      molecules in contact with the beam. This vaporization sterilizes the tissue and
      seals capillaries. The CO2 laser seems most useful in ophthalmology to vaporize
      lymphangiomas and capillary hemangiomas and to provide hemostasis in patients
      with bleeding disorders. The cutting beam of the CO2 laser can be attached to the
      operating microscope to facilitate surgery deep within the orbit. The
      effectiveness of the CO2 cutting action depends upon water content of the tissue
      rather than tissue color as with argon and krypton lasers. Skin incisions show
      less scarring when made with conventional scalpel, but more precise surface
      cutting lasers may allow more precise microsurgical excision of eyelid tumors
      than can now be accomplished with a scalpel.

PMID- 4069557
TI  - [Pyruvate dehydrogenase activation in the skeletal muscles of the chick embryo
      during electrostimulation].
AB  - The pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in the skeletal muscle during chicken embryo
      genesis and early postnatal life amounts to 550 +/- 50 mU per g tissue, on the
      average; electrostimulation (1 Hz) induced a two-fold increase in its activity
      starting from the 15th day of incubation.

PMID- 4069559
TI  - Isolated neurofibroma of the orbit.
AB  - In a 66-year-old woman, a large solitary neurofibroma arising in the right
      infraorbital nerve extended into the maxillary antrum and the orbit. Following
      extirpation of this rare tumor, bony defects of the right orbital floor and
      inferior orbital rim were repaired with a biplanar supramid implant.

PMID- 4069560
TI  - The lid crease approach to the superomedial orbit.
AB  - The lid crease incision of the upper lid allows direct exposure of the orbital
      septum and levator aponeurosis and can be used to dissect dermoid tumors or any
      tumor of the middle orbit space from the medial horn of the levator aponeurosis
      and the tendon of the superior oblique muscle. One advantage of the lid crease
      incision is its location in the normal eyelid crease, which provides a "front
      door" approach familiar to the ophthalmic surgeon. Also, the distensibility of
      the eyelid skin allows for marked retraction of tissues and exposure of large
      orbital masses well beyond the medial extent of the incision. In addition, the
      lid crease incision offers significant advantages in completing the dissection of
      the poorly-defined plane between dermoid tumors and the medial horn of the
      levator aponeurosis. Finally, with this approach, if there is direct damage to
      the lid structures, primary repair can be easily accomplished.

PMID- 4069561
TI  - Surgical revision of oriental eyelids.
AB  - A modified upper eyelid blepharoplasty to convert oriental to occidental
      appearing eyelids is presented. The primary goal of the procedure is the creation
      of an eyelid crease. The recognition of the distinct anatomic features of the
      oriental eyelid permits the formation of a predictable and permanent eyelid
      crease. Satisfactory cosmetic results were produced in 14 eyelids. No
      complications were encountered.

PMID- 4069562
TI  - Extracapsular cataract extraction after silicone oil injection.

PMID- 4069563
TI  - Electron microscopic study of water-insoluble fractions in normal and cataractous
      human lens fibers.
AB  - Water-insoluble fractions of fiber cells from human transparent normal and
      opacified single lenses were compared ultrastructurally and by gel
      electrophoresis. Intermediate-sized filaments which had been clearly shown in
      aged transparent normal cortices, virtually vanished in the opacified nuclei in
      contrast to microfilaments.

PMID- 4069564
TI  - Ornithine decarboxylase in developing neonatal rabbit ocular tissue.
AB  - The specific activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was assessed in rabbit
      ocular tissue from 2 to 15 days postnatal. ODC levels in cornea were low, but
      significant at 2 days, and decreased slightly with time. Activity was not
      detectable in lens tissue. On the other hand, in retina, ODC decreased from
      fairly high specific activity to nil in the 1st week after birth. Ciliary body
      paralleled retina but at a lower level. In contrast, ODC specific activity in the
      vitreous body rose 25-fold between day 5 and 15. These temporal changes are
      discussed in terms of neonatal ocular development.

PMID- 4069565
TI  - Phosphorus-31 NMR analysis of dynamic energy metabolism in intact crystalline
      lens treated with ouabain: phosphorylated metabolites.
AB  - Changes in phosphatic metabolites and intralenticular pH of the intact
      crystalline rabbit lens induced by ouabain (10(-3), 10(-4), 10(-5) M) were
      measured during time-course incubations using phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectroscopy (31P NMR) in order to study the metabolic manifestations
      of this steroid on lens glycolytic activity. Significant alterations in the
      glycolytic intermediates of the crystalline lens only occurred with ouabain at
      the concentration of 10(-3) M. A significant time-dependent increase in alpha
      glycerophosphate, an unidentified pentose phosphate, the nucleoside
      diphosphosugars (uridine diphosphoglucose and uridine diphosphomannose),
      inorganic orthophosphate, and inosine monophosphate, and decline in glucose 6
      phosphate and ATP were detected in 10(-3) M ouabain-treated lenses. The uridine
      diphosphosugars exhibited a maximum at approximately the time when the lens ATP
      content was 50% of control levels (12.5 h). A progressive decrease in
      intralenticular pH indicative of hydrogen-ion-pump damage was detected
      concomitant with the changes in lens metabolite levels. Lenses maintained
      transparency throughout the time-course. Since metabolite manifestations
      effecting the intermediates of glycolysis occur in lens tissue with its high
      glycolytic and low oxidative activity, we hypothesize the effects of 10(-3) M
      ouabain may represent metabolic actions of ouabain which are independent of its
      effects on tissue oxygen consumption as is presumed from studies involving
      tissues more dependent on oxidative metabolism.

PMID- 4069566
TI  - Biochemical model reactions for cataract research.
AB  - There are several experimental indications that cataract formation is induced
      and/or enhanced by activated oxygen species including hydrogen peroxide,
      superoxide radical anion, singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical. These species can
      be generated chemically, enzymatically or photodynamically. Taking advantage of
      endogenous photodynamic compounds in isolated lens, aqueous humor or vitreous
      preparations in the presence of S-methyl-alpha-ketobutyric acid (KMB), ethylene
      formation can be monitored for at least 2 h of light-dependent KMB degradation.
      This reaction is extremely sensitive and can be inhibited by potassium iodide in
      low concentrations. This model reaction might be useful for studying possibly
      inhibiting substances or stimulating processes involved in cataract formation.

PMID- 4069567
TI  - Oculo-oscillo-dynamography: a diagnostic procedure for recording ocular pulses
      and measuring retinal and ciliary arterial blood pressures.
AB  - An objective noninvasive diagnostic procedure permitting continuous registration
      of ocular arterial pulsation and determination of retinal and ciliary arterial
      blood pressures is presented. Arterial pulsation of both eyes is recorded using
      two infrasound transducers which are connected pneumatically with suction cups
      placed temporally on the sclerae. By means of a suction pump the intraocular
      pressure (IOP) of both eyes can be raised artificially to desired values. It is
      thus possible to study the ocular pulse oscillogram at different IOP values and
      to determine retinal and ciliary arterial blood pressures without having to
      perform ophthalmoscopy. Results from first tests of the oculo-oscillo-dynamograph
      device and data obtained from 30 healthy persons are discussed.

PMID- 4069568
TI  - Content and distribution of calcium in bovine lenses of different ages.
AB  - Calcium content was measured in five different parts of clear bovine lenses
      obtained from animals throughout the bovine life span of 0.3-24 years. In lenses
      of animals older than 6 years there is a moderate increase in calcium content
      with the most significant increase measured in lens nuclei. Differences in
      calcium content between age groups are discussed.

PMID- 4069569
TI  - Dynamics of ascorbate in the aqueous humor and tissues surrounding ocular
      chambers.
AB  - The level of ascorbate in the aqueous humor and surrounding intraocular
      structures in enucleated arterially perfused rabbit eye was investigated. The
      enucleated eye preparation was shown to be capable of secreting ascorbate from
      the perfusate into the aqueous humor. Ascorbate in the iris, ciliary body and
      cornea was released into the aqueous humor when the eye was perfused with
      ascorbate-free solution. Failure to obtain aqueous flow rates from the decay of
      ascorbate in the anterior chamber was due to the contribution of ascorbate from
      these ocular tissues during the perfusion. Histochemically, ascorbate was
      localized in the pigmented epithelial layer in the valleys between the ciliary
      processes and the pars plana of the ciliary body and in the iris. In the cornea,
      distinct localization of ascorbate was observed in the endothelium and basal cell
      layer of the epithelium.

PMID- 4069570
TI  - Increased calcium binding capacity associated with genotypic lens opacities.
AB  - HY-1 genotype chick lenses display epithelial hyperplasia and associated lens
      opacities. Membrane proteins from HY-1 and normal chick lenses were separated by
      isoelectric focusing, and 45Ca2+ binding capacities were determined. Markedly
      higher (congruent to 900-fold) binding of 45Ca2+ was observed in high molecular
      weight membrane proteins of HY-1 chick lenses compared with similar fractions
      from normal lenses. It is suggested that the increased calcium binding capacity
      may be due to ionic imbalances caused by elevated sialic acid in HY-1 cataractous
      lenses.

PMID- 4069571
TI  - Amino acid pattern in human aqueous humor of patients with senile cataract and
      primary open-angle glaucoma.
AB  - 21 amino acids have been determined in aqueous humor obtained during
      microsurgical intraocular procedures in 30 patients with senile cataract and 27
      patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. All individual amino acids showed
      higher levels in the glaucomas than in the cataracts: this is valid at 2p less
      than 0.05 for threonine, serine, asparagine, glutamine, methionine, tyrosine,
      phenylalanine, histidine, tryptophan, and arginine.

PMID- 4069572
TI  - Interaction of galactose and dietary protein deficiency on rat lens.
AB  - Protein deficiency, a frequently encountered nutritional disorder of developing
      countries is known to affect the proliferative and synthetic activities of
      several cell systems. But neither all the organs are affected at the same time
      nor at the same rate. The lens, which is an unique organ has been shown to suffer
      in protein malnutrition but without any clinically discernible changes. Clinical
      evidence suggests, early onset of senile cataract in underdeveloped countries is
      possibly due to protein deficiency. In the present investigation, it has been
      shown that addition of small concentrations of galactose to the diet readily
      induces cataracts in protein-deficient rats. This therefore supports the
      contention that protein deficiency alone may not produce morphological changes
      but exogenous or endogenous cataractogenic insults, may produce lenticular
      opacification in the protein-deficient state.

PMID- 4069573
TI  - Further studies on the effects of UV radiation on the human lens.
AB  - Young (1st decade) and old (7th decade) normal human lenses were exposed to low
      level (less than 1 mW/cm2) broadband UV radiation (300-400 nm). UV-induced
      effects in the whole lens and the extracted lens proteins were monitored by
      fluorescence spectroscopy. The lens proteins were also subjected to proton and
      pulse magnetization NMR spectroscopy. These studies provide further evidence that
      low-level UV radiation exposure enhances nontryptophan fluorescence and may
      generate additional (longer wavelength) chromophores. The NMR studies suggest
      that the young gamma crystallin fraction is particularly sensitive to UV
      radiation compared with the other crystallins.

PMID- 4069574
TI  - M-7 lowers rabbit intraocular pressure.
AB  - Changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter were studied in albino
      rabbits following topical administration of TL-99, M-7 (N,N-dimethyl analogues of
      2-aminotetralin), DiPr-5,6-ADTN, DiPr-6,7-ADTN (dipropyl analogues of
      aminotetralin) and DPDA (N,N-di-n-propyl-dopamine), known as mixed alpha
      adrenoceptor/dopamine receptor agonists with variable alpha 1/alpha 2
      adrenoceptor/selectivity. The potencies of those compounds to decrease IOP were
      compared with each other. We found that M-7 has the most potent IOP-lowering
      properties, caused minimal ocular discomfort and is of interest as a potential
      antiglaucoma agent. The ocular hypotension was completely inhibited by
      rauwolscine and slightly antagonized by various other blocking agents. The
      results strongly suggest that the IOP-lowering effect of M-7 is mediated by the
      stimulation of alpha 2-adrenoceptors.

PMID- 4069575
TI  - Melatonergic involvement in diurnal changes of intraocular pressure in rabbit
      eyes.
AB  - Endogenous biochemical regulation of diurnal changes in intraocular pressure was
      investigated in rabbits. Various biochemical parameters in eye tissues,
      particularly the iris and ciliary body, were studied at peak (21:00 hr) and
      trough (09:00 hr) points of IOP. No statistical difference in choline
      acetyltransferase activity, adrenergic transmitter levels and dopamine
      concentration could be detected at these points. On the other hand, serotonin N
      acetyltransferase activity was significantly higher at 21:00 hr (2.84 +/- 0.14
      nmoles/mg protein/hr) than at 09:00 hr (2.18 +/- 0.16 nmoles/mg protein/hr)
      indicating that melatonin might be involved in the diurnal changes in IOP.
      Intracameral injections of various agents into rabbit eyes revealed that
      melatonin but not serotonin nor N-acetylserotonin raised IOP markedly, indicating
      that melatonin but not its precursors is involved in IOP regulation. Topical
      application of melatonin did not affect the IOP presumably because it does not
      cross the cornea effectively.

PMID- 4069576
TI  - Leber's optic neuritis.
AB  - The authors give a resume of the main clinical characteristics of Leber's disease
      with presentation of pedigrees of three affected families.

PMID- 4069577
TI  - Bilateral optic nerve abnormalities associated with a 4-10 chromosomal
      translocation.
AB  - A neonate with ocular abnormalities and a chromosomal aberration is described.
      The patient demonstrates a typical choroidal coloboma involving the iris ciliary
      body and choroid of the right eye, bilateral optic pits-coloboma and a karyotype
      with a 4-10 chromosomal translocation. Although a random occurrence of the ocular
      phenomena and the chromosomal aberration cannot be ruled out, it is appealing to
      speculate about the possible association of the ocular colobomata and the
      chromosomal translocation harbored by this patient.

PMID- 4069578
TI  - Observation concerning the age of onset and the nature of optic atrophy in
      Wolfram's syndrome (DIDMOADS).
AB  - A 31/2-year-old boy, who was diagnosed to have diabetes 6 months earlier, was
      referred for routine fundus check-up. No family history of diabetes was known.
      Ophthalmologic findings were: slight hyperopic astigmatism, visual acuity right =
      left = 1/5, examination of the visual field not yet possible, optic atrophy, no
      diabetic retinopathy, very narrow vessels. ERG: distinctly reduced potentials.
      Audiogram: loss of high tones in the inner ear. Pediatric examination ruled out
      other endocrine disorders, no symptoms of diabetes insipidus were found. These
      results perhaps reveal the nature of the optic atrophy: a retinal one. The
      authors found no other ERGs in the literature at such an early stage.

PMID- 4069579
TI  - A clinical and electrophysiological study of a family with hereditary optic
      neuropathy.
AB  - A family with hereditary optic neuropathy was investigated. Visual acuity,
      Goldmann perimetry, colour vision test, fundoscopy and electrophysiological
      examination (flash and pattern ERG and VER) were performed. The pattern of
      inheritance and the results of all these tests are discussed in this article.

PMID- 4069580
TI  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and incidence of cataract in Sicily.
AB  - The incidence of G6PD deficiency in red blood cells of 241 Sicilian cataractous
      patients (138 males and 103 females) and in the lens of 32 subjects (15 males and
      17 females) of the same group was evaluated. The incidence of G6PD deficiency was
      significantly higher than expected (p less than 0.001), both in RBCs and in lens.
      The results suggest that G6PD deficiency is a risk factor for cataract both in
      hemizygous males and heterozygous females.

PMID- 4069581
TI  - Familial congenital cataract, non-progressive neurological disorders and mental
      deficiency: a new X-linked syndrome?
AB  - The association of congenital cataracts, non-progressive spastic paresis and
      severe mental deficiency in male cousins, whose mothers are similarly though less
      affected, is reported. In the literature a few observations give rise to
      comparison, but to the best of our knowledge, an identical case has not been
      published.

PMID- 4069582
TI  - Papers presented at the IInd joint meeting of the International Society for
      Genetic Eye Disease and the International Society for Paediatric Ophthalmology.
      Ghent, Belgium, 11-13 May 1984.

PMID- 4069583
TI  - Abnormal centromere-chromatid apposition (ACCA) and Peters' anomaly.
AB  - Abnormal centromere-chromatid apposition (ACCA) was noted in a patient with
      Peters' anomaly. Previous reports of ACCA emphasized its association with
      tetraphocomelia and other congenital malformations (Roberts, SC Phocomelia,
      Pseudothalidomide Syndromes). This report expands the array of congenital
      malformations associated with ACCA and emphasizes the diagnostic importance of
      ocular defects for the ascertainment of additional cases of ACCA and its possible
      relationship with abnormal cell division.

PMID- 4069584
TI  - A re-appraisal of the development of the anterior chamber.
AB  - The development of the anterior chamber passes through distinct well orchestrated
      phases. It is a dynamic transition from an embryonic cleft to the adult anterior
      chamber. The cornea, lens, tunica vasculosa lentis, the iris, the ciliary
      epithelium, and the trabecular meshwork all play important roles in the
      development of the anterior chamber. Apart from these morphological changes that
      occur, the hydrodynamics of the transudate (from the tunica vasculosa lentis) and
      the aqueous humor from the ciliary epithelium appear to be essential components
      in the maintenance of the integrity of the anterior and posterior chambers.

PMID- 4069585
TI  - Etiology of congenital glaucoma. Genetic and extragenetic factors.
AB  - Congenital glaucoma (simple, associated and secondary) has been studied for the
      frequency of mesodermal anomalies and malformations (skeletal changes, congenital
      heart diseases, neurological alterations). But congenital glaucoma is not due
      solely to genetic factors: it is more likely that most cases result from
      interaction between genetic predisposition and a combination of environmental
      causes.

PMID- 4069586
TI  - Ring-like perilimbic pigment deposits in dark-skinned children. An oculo-aural
      syndrome?
AB  - A description is given of a perilimbic ring-like pigment deposit which the author
      found in East Africa. It appears that the rings were more frequently present
      among deaf than among non-deaf children in Tanzania and Kenya, and in both more
      frequently in these countries than in Ethiopia, Florida, India, Malawi and South
      Africa. In the absence of a satisfactory explanation being found in the previous
      literature, it is hypothesized, on the basis of data gathered in 1748 children,
      that the occurrence of the rings is negatively correlated with the level of the
      regions' general health conditions as well as with an unfavourable individual
      case history, and positively with a genetically determined pigment proneness and
      the individual's age.

PMID- 4069587
TI  - Interindividual differences of corneal sensitivity. Genetic aspects.
AB  - By means of an electronic optical esthesiometer corneal sensitivity was examined
      in 91 volunteers of different age groups. Additionally, the anesthetic duration
      of the local anesthetic benoxinate was investigated. Corneal sensitivity
      decreases with advancing age. Comparing male and female subjects, we can suppose
      that there are age and sex specific differences of corneal sensitivity. There
      might be additional genetic factors. There are great interindividual differences
      in the anesthetic duration of benoxinate. It can be assumed that benoxinate is
      metabolized by pseudocholinesterase. One possible explanation for the great
      differences in the anesthetic duration of benoxinate can be seen in the
      genetically determined variants of pseudocholinesterase.

PMID- 4069588
TI  - Francois' syndrome. An intermediate between mandibulofacial and craniofacial
      dysostoses.
AB  - Because of the presence of microphthalmos and cataract and the absence of
      auricular deformations the Francois syndrome belongs to neither the craniofacial
      nor the mandibulofacial dysostoses. TeleXray measurements revealed forward
      dislocation of the mandibular joint. A proposal to speak of basocraniofacial
      dysostosis in the cases of Hallermann-Streiff-Francois is made.

PMID- 4069589
TI  - Francois syndrome. Early diagnosis and management.

PMID- 4069590
TI  - Rare oculo-rhino-auditive variants of the branchial arch syndrome. Report of
      three cases with two necropsy records.

PMID- 4069591
TI  - Thirty-six years after a mandibulo-facial dysostosis operation.

PMID- 4069592
TI  - Iris cysts in three generations conveyed by means of a genetic process connected
      with sex.
AB  - The authors report a case of pigmented cysts of the iris, observed in female
      subjects of the same family and of three generations. They hypothesize that it
      may be due to a hereditary alteration connected to sex, and believe it should be
      considered as a mesodermal alteration, occurring during embryonic development.
      The treatment has been para-surgical by means of a Nd-YAG laser, operating in a
      free-running mode, with impulses directed onto the cysts.

PMID- 4069593
TI  - Inheritance and the pigmentary dispersion syndrome.
AB  - The authors studied 33 patients in five families and have found that 14 of these
      patients fulfill criteria for the pigmentary dispersion syndrome. Affected
      patients had characteristics associated with the pigmentary dispersion syndrome,
      which are: peripheral slit-like iris transillumination defects, increased
      trabecular meshwork pigmentation, Krukenberg spindle, myopia, and elevated
      intraocular pressure. The authors observed this syndrome to be transmitted in a
      direct linear manner from parent to sibling in three of the four families. The
      transmission of this syndrome was found to be independent of refractive error,
      iris color, and sexual predilection, all of which are presented.

PMID- 4069594
TI  - Cytogenetics in ophthalmology.
AB  - The development of human clinical cytogenetics has been comparatively recent. The
      authors made an analytical study of chromosomes in patients presenting ocular
      coloboma with mental deficiency, strabismus with malformation, and other
      disorders in order to define the genetic aspect of these diseases. They obtained
      in these patients chromosomal alterations, including translocation, aneuploidies,
      suggesting the importance of cytogenetic analysis in eye affections even if these
      are considered of monogenic character.

PMID- 4069595
TI  - Genetic counseling in anophthalmia.

PMID- 4069596
TI  - Ocular anomalies in Coffin-Siris syndrome.

PMID- 4069597
TI  - Genetic and environmental effects on the development of myopia in Chinese twin
      children.
AB  - In order to assess the relative and interactive importance of genetic and
      environmental components on the development of myopia in Chinese school children
      aged from 10 to 15 years, a population-based sample of 361 same-sexed twin pairs
      recruited through stratified cluster sampling was studied. Zygosity of twin pairs
      was determined by Mendelian traits, red cell antigen systems, and continuous
      dermatoglyphic characteristics; while myopia was diagnosed by both objective and
      subjective techniques. Studying and reading habit was obtained from cotwins and
      their parents through a life style questionnaire. Age-sex-adjusted concordance
      rate derived from multiple regression equation was used in the analysis.
      Conventional comparison of intrapair concordance between monozygotic (MZ) and
      dizygotic (DZ) twins was used to assess the importance of a genetic component in
      the determining of myopia, and a significant genetic influence was observed.
      Environmental influence on myopia was evaluated through MZ cotwin method, and MZ
      cotwins with concordant studying and reading habits were significantly more
      concordant in myopia than those MZ cotwins with discordant habits. The possible
      effect of gene-environment interaction on myopia was explored, and concordance in
      myopia was found significantly associated with the interaction between zygosity
      and habit of studying and reading. These observations suggested that the impact
      of the environmental factor on the development of myopia may be influenced by
      genotype, and vice versa.

PMID- 4069598
TI  - Microphthalmos in a family.
AB  - Details of 22 members from three generations of a family exhibiting systemic and
      ocular abnormalities are presented. The former include mild mental retardation
      and a high incidence of abortion or death in the neonatal period. Ocular features
      comprise: microphthalmos, strabismus, hypermetropia, reduced ocular axial length
      and abnormal peripapillary pigmentation. The microphthalmos was seen in three
      forms: bilateral, severe or mild and severe microphthalmos of one eye with the
      fellow eye mildly affected. No individual with any degree of microphthalmos had a
      normal sized fellow eye and no normal individual produced an affected child. The
      genetic implications are discussed. The possible aetiologies of the various
      features are discussed and that this condition is a neurocristopathy is also
      considered.

PMID- 4069599
TI  - Treatment protocol for orbital inflammatory disease.
AB  - Forty-five consecutive patients suspected of having orbital inflammatory disease
      (OID) were treated according to a protocol that provided specific dosages of
      steroids and a formula of dose reduction. Nonresponsive cases were managed with
      intravenous dexamethasone and, when brought under control, were switched to oral
      therapy. The cases that continued to be unresponsive or escaped from control were
      biopsied. If the frozen section was read as inflammatory, intralesional steroid
      was injected. For resistant or recurrent cases, 1000-3000 rads of orbital
      irradiation were delivered in fractionated doses. For extreme cases, radiotherapy
      was combined with steroids and chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide). Twenty-nine
      patients improved with steroids alone, four with additional intralesional steroid
      injections, six with radiotherapy, and two required both radiotherapy and
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 4069600
TI  - Visual function in prolactinoma patients treated with bromocriptine.
AB  - Ten patients with prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas (prolactinoma) and
      visual dysfunction were treated primarily with bromocriptine. Nine patients had
      improvement of visual field or acuity associated with computed tomography (CT)
      evidence of a decrease in tumor size and reduction of serum prolactin level
      (SPL). Visual improvement usually began within days of commencing bromocriptine
      therapy. One patient with initial improvement had a worsening of visual fields at
      11 months despite a normal SPL and a stable CT appearance of tumor size. This
      patient and the single patient without visual improvement underwent trans
      sphenoidal hypophysectomy (TSH), but neither patient had postoperative visual
      improvement. Two other patients underwent TSH for nonvisual reasons. The
      remaining six patients have maintained excellent visual function at last follow
      up (average of 18 months on bromocriptine therapy). This study shows that
      bromocriptine is an effective short- and long-term therapy for most patients with
      visual dysfunction due to prolactinoma.

PMID- 4069601
TI  - Voluntary alteration of pattern visual evoked responses.
AB  - Pattern and flash visual evoked responses (VERs) were recorded from a large group
      of ophthalmologically normal subjects during two conditions: in one they were
      instructed to attend to the stimulus and in the other they were instructed to
      ignore the stimulus but maintain their gaze on the stimulus. Pattern VERs were
      recorded from 42 subjects. Fixation was constantly monitored during both attend
      and ignore conditions and no changes of fixation were noted at any time. The
      amplitude of the major positive wave of the pattern VERs produced by both 50- and
      25-min checks was reduced significantly during the ignore condition. The implicit
      time of this positive wave did not differ significantly during the two
      conditions. The pattern VERs of eight subjects were extinguished and the VERs of
      another three subjects were unrecognizable during the ignore condition. Flash
      VERs produced by 10 flashes per second were recorded from 38 of the 42 subjects.
      There were no significant differences between the amplitudes recorded during the
      attend and ignore conditions.

PMID- 4069603
TI  - Measurements of reversibility of optic disc cupping and pallor in ocular
      hypertension and glaucoma.
AB  - Four cases are presented of young and elderly glaucoma patients who had both
      surgical and medical therapy and showed reversal of cupping and pallor of the
      optic disc. The cupping was measured by photogrammetry and the pallor by
      computerized image analysis from photographs of the optic disc. Two patients
      showed regression of visual field loss. The optic disc and visual field changes
      corresponded to the changes in ocular pressures, generally showing worsening with
      an increase in ocular pressure. With a decrease in ocular pressure there was
      regression of visual field loss and a decrease in cupping; pallor did not
      decrease consistently. The changes in cupping and pallor in some patients
      followed similar courses but in others behaved in an independent manner. It is
      proposed that these new sensitive and reproducible techniques for measuring
      changes in the optic disc may allow the detection of disc changes early in the
      disease, prior to visual field loss. If treatment is begun at this time, reversal
      of optic disc changes may occur.

PMID- 4069602
TI  - Shock-wave effect on anterior segment structures following experimental
      neodymium:YAG laser iridectomy.
AB  - The short-pulse laser may prove superior to the argon laser in producing
      noninvasive iridectomies. Little is known of the effects of the laser shock-wave
      on anterior segment structures adjacent to the iris. To investigate this
      question, iridectomies were produced in two owl monkeys using a neodymium
      (Nd):YAG laser and tissues were evaluated by light microscopy and scanning and
      transmission electron microscopy. For purposes of comparison, one eye received an
      iridectomy produced by an argon laser. Results indicate that while clean iris
      colobomas can be produced with a well-focused Nd:YAG laser, its shock-wave
      affects tissues in both the trabecular meshwork and corneal endothelium if the
      iridectomy is located within 0.8 mm of the limbus. No damage to the trabecular
      meshwork or corneal endothelium was evident after the argon laser iridectomy.

PMID- 4069604
TI  - Epikeratophakia for myopia correction.
AB  - Epikeratophakia is based on the principles of the Barraquer refractive
      procedures, with modifications that simplify the surgical technique and eliminate
      the use of the microkeratome by placing the donor corneal tissue lens on the
      anterior surface of the cornea. Procedures developed to permit freeze-drying the
      preshaped lens for storage enable these lenses to be obtained from a central
      source, freeing the surgeon from the complexities of the computer and the
      cryolathe. The correction of theoretically unlimited amounts of myopia is
      possible with these lenses. In 12 eyes that underwent the final epikeratophakia
      procedure, the average desired correction achieved was 98%.

PMID- 4069605
TI  - In vivo transillumination biomicroscopy and photography of meibomian gland
      dysfunction. A clinical study.
AB  - Meibomian gland transillumination biomicroscopy and infrared photography were
      performed on 18 patients with clinically evident meibomian gland dysfunction
      (MGD) and dermatologic rosacea, 22 patients having MGD without evidence of
      dermatologic rosacea, and 15 unaffected individuals who served as controls. All
      patients having clinical signs of MGD demonstrated morphologic abnormalities of
      their meibomian glands by transilluminated biomicroscopy. Patients without
      dermatologic rosacea were noted to have varying degrees of gland distortion.
      Moreover, infrared photography documented a loss of the normal grape-like
      clusters of dark spots that represent the gland, suggesting a loss of glandular
      acini. Patients with dermatologic rosacea had more severe alterations, including
      marked distortion and loss of normal gland anatomy. There were no such
      abnormalities in clinically unaffected individuals. These data demonstrate that
      transilluminated biomicroscopy and infrared photography have the ability to
      identify a spectrum of morphologic alterations of the meibomian glands in MGD
      patients. The authors suggest that these techniques could be used to classify
      clinical MGD based upon the presence or absence of identifiable meibomian gland
      abnormalities.

PMID- 4069606
TI  - Keratopathy in a family with the ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting
      syndrome.
AB  - Four members of a family with the ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting
      (EEC) syndrome and associated keratopathy are presented. The main features of
      this syndrome include lobster-claw deformities of the hands and feet,
      abnormalities of the hair and teeth, cleft lip and palate, nasolacrimal
      abnormalities, and a progressive keratopathy ranging in severity from an
      asymptomatic pannus to bilateral dense corneal scarring and neovascularization.
      Despite congenital limb abnormalities, the major functional disability of three
      of these patients stems from severe photophobia and decreased visual acuity
      secondary to the corneal disease. Treatment with cycloplegics, topical steroids,
      and bandage soft contact lenses was unsuccessful. The EEC syndrome is transmitted
      in an autosomal dominant manner. The spectrum of keratopathy demonstrated in this
      family can be explained by the different ages of the patients, by variation in
      gene penetrance and expressivity and by differing durations and severity of
      dacryocystitis and related keratoconjunctivitis. The etiology of the keratopathy
      appears to be primarily a manifestation of the underlying ectodermal dysplasia
      with probable contributions from associated tearfilm abnormalities and external
      ocular infection.

PMID- 4069607
TI  - Ocular chrysiasis.
AB  - Thirty-four patients who had received over 1 gram of gold compounds for
      rheumatoid arthritis were examined for ocular chrysiasis. Ninety-seven percent of
      the patients receiving continuous chrysotherapy at the time of their ocular
      examination exhibited corneal chrysiasis. With few exceptions, corneal gold
      deposits were limited to the posterior one-half of the corneal thickness.
      Deposits tended to concentrate inferiorly and to spare the superior and
      peripheral cornea. Duration of chrysotherapy correlated positively with the
      clinically graded density of deposits. In this series, 55% (16/29) of these
      patients receiving gold therapy for three years or more had lenticular
      chrysiasis, although this has previously been considered rare. Our data suggest
      that gold is deposited in the cornea and lens from the anterior chamber aqueous
      fluid.

PMID- 4069608
TI  - Systemic immunosuppressive therapy for progressive bilateral Mooren's ulcer.
AB  - Nine patients with progressive bilateral Mooren's ulcer unresponsive to
      conventional ocular and systemic therapy were treated with methotrexate or with
      cyclophosphamide. The progressively destructive inflammatory process was
      arrested, and ocular anatomy and function were preserved, in eight patients who
      were adequately treated with immunosuppressive doses of the cytotoxic drugs for 6
      to 24 months. The inflammatory process eventually destroyed both eyes of one
      patient who received inadequate therapy and follow-up care. Used properly,
      cytotoxic immunosuppressive therapy may offer a reasonable option in the care of
      patients with bilateral progressive Mooren's ulcer.

PMID- 4069609
TI  - Management of limited rhino-orbital mucormycosis without exenteration.
AB  - Eight cases of rhino-orbital mucormycosis managed successfully without
      exenteration were reviewed. The favorable outcome was attributable to early
      diagnosis and management of focal areas of fungus infection. Treatment included:
      correction of diabetic ketoacidosis or other concomitant metabolic derangement;
      wide local excision and debridement of all involved and devitalized oral, nasal,
      sinus, and orbital tissue, while establishing adequate sinus and orbital
      drainage; daily irrigation and packing of the involved orbital and paranasal
      areas with amphotericin B; and intravenous amphotericin B. This represents the
      largest reported series of rhino-orbital mucormycosis survivors without
      mutilating surgery and with unaltered visual acuity.

PMID- 4069611
TI  - [Crushing and avulsions of segments of the limbs in patients with polytrauma].

PMID- 4069610
TI  - Norrie's disease: a study of two families.
AB  - Norrie's disease, or congenital progressive oculo-acoustico-cerebral
      degeneration, is a rare X-linked recessive syndrome of retinal malformation,
      deafness, and mental retardation and/or deterioration. The natural history of the
      disorder in two families with five affected males, four living and one deceased,
      is described. The histopathology of two patients, one from each family, is
      reported. Differential diagnosis, treatment, and genetic counseling are
      discussed.

PMID- 4069612
TI  - [Metallo-osteosynthesis and deep wound infection].

PMID- 4069613
TI  - [Rationale for delayed surgical treatment of open injuries of the hand suitable
      for rural regions].

PMID- 4069614
TI  - [External, extrafocal osteosynthesis in fresh and neglected fractures of the
      tubular bones of the hand].

PMID- 4069616
TI  - [Role of tissue microcirculation in determining the timing of reconstructive
      therapy following pedicled skin plasty of the hand].

PMID- 4069615
TI  - [Closed fractures of the 5th metacarpal and their treatment].

PMID- 4069617
TI  - [Surgical treatment of congenital defects of development and acquired defects of
      the fingers in children using the distraction method].

PMID- 4069618
TI  - [Primary stabilizing spondylodesis in the treatment of lumbar osteochondrosis. 2.
      Clinical application].

PMID- 4069619
TI  - [Neglected subluxations of the 3d metacarpal bone in boxers].

PMID- 4069620
TI  - [Hand and finger injuries in children when cylinders explode from the siphon].

PMID- 4069621
TI  - [Unusual foreign body of the hand].

PMID- 4069622
TI  - [Dupuytren's contracture and occupation].

PMID- 4069623
TI  - [Pseudarthrosis and foreign body of the clavicle].

PMID- 4069624
TI  - [Successful treatment of tetanus].

PMID- 4069625
TI  - [Status of the pyruvate-LDH-lactate system in tissues of the vertebral bodies and
      intervertebral disks of the rat during hypokinesia in relation to age].

PMID- 4069626
TI  - [Acoustic diagnosis in bone injuries].

PMID- 4069627
TI  - [Transposition of the distal tendon of the biceps brachii onto the ulna after
      ruptures].

PMID- 4069628
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of combined injuries of the thorax and pelvis].

PMID- 4069629
TI  - [Restoration of the extensor tendon apparatus of fingers injured in burns].

PMID- 4069630
TI  - [Closure of donor defects after free transplantation of toes to the hand].

PMID- 4069631
TI  - [Variant of pedicled skin plasty].

PMID- 4069632
TI  - [Anterior spondylodesis in scoliosis].

PMID- 4069633
TI  - [Treatment of patients with acute suppuration of epithelial coccygeal tracts and
      cysts].

PMID- 4069634
TI  - [Sling for immobilizing the upper extremity].

PMID- 4069635
TI  - [Device for tempometry of the fingers].

PMID- 4069636
TI  - [Unit for automated processing of biomechanical information].

PMID- 4069637
TI  - [Various problems in demonstrating and evaluating the significance of scientific
      advances in traumatology and orthopedics].

PMID- 4069638
TI  - [Surgical treatment of neglected injuries of the sacro-iliac joint with wide
      separation of the symphysis pubis].

PMID- 4069639
TI  - [Optimizing the preparation of physicians for military field surgery using
      training algorhythms].

PMID- 4069640
TI  - [Once again about the etiology and pathogenesis of scoliosis].

PMID- 4069641
TI  - [Osteosynthesis and other methods of treating fractures].

PMID- 4069642
TI  - [Bone regeneration in various methods of formation of the amputation stump].

PMID- 4069643
TI  - [Aseptic necrosis of the heads of long tubular bones as the result of
      corticosteroid therapy].

PMID- 4069644
TI  - [Diagnosis of Furmaier syndrome].

PMID- 4069645
TI  - [Functional state of the kidneys and urinary tract in scoliosis].

PMID- 4069646
TI  - [Total proteins, protein fractions and various individual proteins in the
      synovial fluid in orthopedic diseases of the knee joint].

PMID- 4069647
TI  - [Preparation for prosthesis of invalids with lower limb stumps after automobile
      trauma].

PMID- 4069648
TI  - [Treatment of phantom pain syndrome by acupuncture-like cutaneous electric
      stimulation of the contralateral limb].

PMID- 4069649
TI  - [Interventions on the obturator nerve in the treatment of coxarthrosis].

PMID- 4069650
TI  - [Effectiveness of restorative treatment of patients with fractures of the
      malleoli and rupture of the tibiofibular syndesmosis].

PMID- 4069651
TI  - [Rare anomaly of the foot bones].

PMID- 4069652
TI  - [Surgical treatment of partial gigantism of the left foot].

PMID- 4069653
TI  - [2 cases of osteopoikilosis].

PMID- 4069654
TI  - [A method of surgical treatment of congenital clubfoot in children].

PMID- 4069655
TI  - [Determining crural bone torsion].

PMID- 4069656
TI  - [A method for the graphic representation of thoracic deformity in scoliosis].

PMID- 4069657
TI  - [A device for increasing the maneuverability of the equipment for bone handling].

PMID- 4069658
TI  - [A stand for measuring the strength characteristics of crural muscles in
      orthopedic-traumatological patients].

PMID- 4069659
TI  - [Training of young scientist-teachers].

PMID- 4069660
TI  - [Use of vibration in the rehabilitation of patients with sequelae of injuries of
      long tubular bones].

PMID- 4069661
TI  - [Complex creative youth collective. Work experience].

PMID- 4069662
TI  - [Surgical treatment of fractures of the proximal end of the femur].

PMID- 4069663
TI  - [Evaluation of the degree of restoration of muscular function of the elongated
      limb].

PMID- 4069664
TI  - [Outcome of the treatment of victims of traffic accidents with multiple and
      combined injuries delivered to the hospital by chance transportation].

PMID- 4069665
TI  - [Primary endoprosthesis in femoral neck fractures in middle-aged and elderly
      persons].

PMID- 4069666
TI  - [Flexion-extension osteotomy as a method of treating idiopathic aseptic femur
      head necrosis].

PMID- 4069667
TI  - [Selection of an optimal method of treating inveterate trans- and supracondylar
      fractures of the humerus in children].

PMID- 4069668
TI  - [Criteria of functional disorders in patients with sequelae of fractures of bones
      of the lower limbs].

PMID- 4069669
TI  - [Post-traumatic adaptation of patients with fractures of the long tubular bones].

PMID- 4069670
TI  - [Experience with the surgical treatment of juvenile epiphysiolysis of the femur
      head].

PMID- 4069671
TI  - [Adaptive reactions of the nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems in
      patients with traumatic chronic osteomyelitis].

PMID- 4069672
TI  - [Evaluation of the bioplastic properties of preserved tendon allotransplants
      (experimental-clinical study)].

PMID- 4069673
TI  - [Morphogenesis of interfragmental tissue at early stages of distraction of
      hypertrophic pseudarthroses (experimental-morphological study)].

PMID- 4069674
TI  - [Treatment of unstable multifragmental fractures of the distal end of the crural
      bones].

PMID- 4069675
TI  - [Experimental and clinical substantiation of the intra-articular administration
      of unithiol in reactive traumatic arthritis].

PMID- 4069676
TI  - [Spontaneous pseudosarcoma as a complication of late osteogenesis imperfecta].

PMID- 4069677
TI  - [Echinococcosis of the spine].

PMID- 4069678
TI  - [A case of successful treatment of inveterate dislocation of the clavicle in both
      joints].

PMID- 4069679
TI  - [Indicators of trauma risk of non-rail passenger transportation].

PMID- 4069680
TI  - [Tunnel syndromes of the upper extremities in patients suffering from vibration
      damage].

PMID- 4069681
TI  - [Comparative clinical studies on allergy to cow's milk and gluten-sensitive
      enteropathies].

PMID- 4069682
TI  - [A rare form of congenital limb reduction anomalies: defect of the ulnar-tibial
      axis].

PMID- 4069683
TI  - [Spontaneous neonatal chylothorax].

PMID- 4069684
TI  - [Hyperprolactinemia and pregnancy].

PMID- 4069686
TI  - [Neuroleptic malignant syndrome].

PMID- 4069685
TI  - [Evaluation of serum ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin levels in patients with non
      Hodgkin lymphoma].

PMID- 4069687
TI  - [Melanosis naeviformis (Becker nevus)].

PMID- 4069688
TI  - [ Arterio-mesenterial duodenal compression].

PMID- 4069689
TI  - [Results in 101 cases of pancreatoduodenectomy in the management of chronic
      pancreatitis. Method of pylorus preservation versus Whipple's operation].

PMID- 4069690
TI  - [Bronchial provocation with histamine in various respiratory diseases].

PMID- 4069691
TI  - [Metastatic tumors of the umbilicus ("Sister Joseph's nodule")].

PMID- 4069692
TI  - [Relation between symptomless inflammation of the parovarium and unsuccessful
      tocolysis].

PMID- 4069693
TI  - [Respiratory and enteric rotavirus infections in a pediatric unit].

PMID- 4069694
TI  - [Technical modifications of surgery for the correction of funnel chest].

PMID- 4069695
TI  - [Femoropatellar joint. Aspects of anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology].
AB  - The variety of anatomic conditions is critically confronted with the so-called
      dysplasias of the patella. Is chondromalacia or anterior knee pain a clinical
      diagnosis? The physiological aspects of the tension forces acting on the patella
      with its position in the midst of tendons and ligaments in valgus and in varus
      knees are discussed. What may the automatic rotation in extension effect on the
      patellofemoral joint-compartment?

PMID- 4069697
TI  - [Morphotypes of the lower extremity in adults].

PMID- 4069696
TI  - [Clinical study of the lower extremity in 3 dimensions. Contribution of
      computerized tomography to the analysis of the horizontal dimension].

PMID- 4069698
TI  - [Morphotypes of patella instabilities].

PMID- 4069699
TI  - [Is there an indication for osteotomy for correction of torsion errors of the
      lower extremity in patella instabilities in adulthood?].

PMID- 4069700
TI  - [Treatment of subluxation and dislocation of the patella in the child. Elmslie
      technic with movable soft tissue pedicle (8 year review)].
AB  - The Elmslie method using a soft-tissue strip aims at realigning the extensor
      mechanism in the same way as the Elmslie-Trillat operation in adults. We feel
      that the main cause of dislocation or subluxation of the patella is to be found
      in incorrect alignment of this mechanism. We feel that the Q angle should
      especially be correct with regard to knee stability during rotation. This angle
      should not be neutralized or even inverted. In young, growing patients, as
      compared to adults, excess stress on the medial side due to medial displacement
      of the tuberosity will be compensated for by increasing valgus of the knee joint.
      Analysis of the potential risks involved in this pretuberosity operation led us
      to the conclusion that there is no risk of early epiphysiodesis or bony
      recurvation, and no risk of patella baja or osteochondrosis of the tuberosity.
      The functional results are so far very satisfactory (13 of 17 reexamined cases
      continue to be involved in sports or have taken up sports); this is particularly
      rewarding if we consider that the operation is not technically demanding and may
      even be undergone by ambulatory patients.

PMID- 4069701
TI  - [Surface pressure in the femoropatellar joint].

PMID- 4069702
TI  - [Femoropatellar pain syndrome. Conservative treatment and results 7-10 years
      following Maquet operation].
AB  - Owing to the largely unsatisfactory results achieved to date following surgery
      for chondromalacia patellae, and owing to our greater knowledge of the functional
      relationships within the knee joint, the range of aetiological factors in
      femoropatellar pain needs to be expanded. Functional variants in the muscular and
      ligamentous system must be considered as well as anatomical variants. On the
      basis of symptomatology and the results of clinical examination, two extreme
      forms can be distinguished, depending on ligamentous laxity and muscular
      stabilisation capacity. Physiotherapy must be determined by these. There remain
      few cases in which surgery is indicated.

PMID- 4069703
TI  - [Indications and possibilities of patella wedge osteotomy].

PMID- 4069704
TI  - Adapting for inevitable changes.

PMID- 4069705
TI  - Is rationing of medical care inevitable?

PMID- 4069706
TI  - Medical conditions and retinal vein obstruction.

PMID- 4069707
TI  - Making it public--will it help?

PMID- 4069708
TI  - Tax reform--yes; tax on fringe benefits--no.

PMID- 4069709
TI  - [Sonographic follow-up after cerebral hemorrhage in the perinatal period].

PMID- 4069710
TI  - [Eosinophilia in the premature infant--case report].

PMID- 4069711
TI  - [3 rare abnormalities in newborn infants born of diabetic mothers].

PMID- 4069712
TI  - [Seckel syndrome (bird-head dwarf)].

PMID- 4069713
TI  - [Current status of the knowledge of the etiology and pathogenesis of infantile
      hypertrophic pyloric stenosis].

PMID- 4069714
TI  - [Acoustically evoked brain stem potentials in child neuropsychiatry].

PMID- 4069716
TI  - [Effect of psychological and social factors in the disease experience in
      childhood].

PMID- 4069715
TI  - [Systemic lupus erythematosus with involvement of the central nervous system in
      childhood].

PMID- 4069717
TI  - Urinary function during epidural analgesia with methadone and morphine in post
      cesarean section patients.
AB  - Urinary function was assessed in 120 women after cesarean section under epidural
      anesthesia. Postoperative analgesia was obtained by means of epidurally
      administered methadone (40 patients) or morphine (40 patients). In the remaining
      40 women, no narcotic drugs were given and postoperative pain was treated with
      intramuscular or oral non-opiate analgesics and sedatives. Both methadone and
      morphine provided potent postoperative pain relief. Following epidural methadone,
      mean urine volumes of the first two postoperative voidings were increased (543 +/
      38 ml and 571 +/- 31 ml) as compared with those after epidural morphine (219 +/-
      25 ml and 218 +/- 18 ml) and with those of patients receiving non-opiate
      analgesics (319 +/- 28 ml and 414 +/- 30 ml). The mean time interval between the
      end of surgery and first voiding following methadone analgesia was shorter (336
      +/- 27 min) than after morphine (582 +/- 18 min) or after non-opiate (448 +/- 28
      min) analgesic drugs. Difficulty in micturition and the need for bladder
      catheterization were also decreased in the group with epidural methadone (2.5%)
      in comparison with the groups receiving morphine (57.5%) or non-opiate analgesic
      medicaments (12.5%). The use of epidural methadone for postoperative pain relief
      is advocated, both in view of its analgesic potency and of the low incidence of
      urinary disturbances.

PMID- 4069718
TI  - Tonic descending inhibition affects intensity coding of nociceptive responses of
      spinal dorsal horn neurones in the cat.
AB  - The supraspinal inhibitory control of lumbar spinal dorsal horn neurones was
      investigated in N2O-anaesthetized cats by reversibly blocking conduction in the
      spinal cord. Dorsal horn neurones selected for this study had convergent input
      from myelinated (A-) and unmyelinated (C-) fibres in the posterior tibial and/or
      superficial peroneal nerves of the hind limb. Virtually all of them could also be
      excited by noxious heating of the skin of the footpad region and by low intensity
      mechanical stimulation of the foot. Variation of the temperature of noxious
      radiant skin heating (40-56 degrees C, 10 sec in duration) resulted in graded
      responses of the neurones. The stimulus-response functions (SRF) were monotonic;
      in the majority of 32 cases they were linear. Neurones could be classified
      according to their maximum discharge frequency in response to skin heating into
      22 weakly sensitive units (responses below 100 Hz at 50 degrees C) and 10 highly
      sensitive units (above 100 Hz). Responses outlasted the period of skin heating by
      seconds to minutes. A reversible conduction block of spinal axons by cooling a 15
      mm cord segment (L1) with a thermode at 0 degrees C affected the responsiveness
      of the dorsal horn neurones in 12 of 15 cases. The maximum discharge frequency to
      a certain temperature of skin heating was increased during the spinal block. The
      duration of heat-evoked discharges was either not changed or increased during the
      spinal block. The SRF were reversibly displaced during the spinal blockade to
      higher discharge frequencies and lower threshold temperatures of skin heating. In
      8 of 12 cases the change in the SRF was a nearly parallel shift, whereas in 4
      units the increase of responsiveness had a complex effect upon the SRF. The
      decrease in the threshold to skin heating ranged up to 4.5 degrees C; the mean
      decrease was 2 degrees C. It is confirmed that in anaesthetized cats, nociceptive
      spinal neurones are subject to a tonically active descending inhibition, which is
      interrupted by local spinal cooling. The effect of the spinal block on the SRF of
      the neurones suggests that this tonic inhibition is similar to that produced by
      electrical stimulation in the lateral reticular formation of the brain-stem.

PMID- 4069719
TI  - Reduction of arthritis and pain behaviour following chronic administration of
      amitriptyline or imipramine in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis.
AB  - Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are used extensively to treat chronic pain in
      man without an adequate explanation for their activity. The purpose of the
      present study was to investigate this problem by testing the effect of chronic
      TCAs in an animal pain model: the arthritic rat. Sprague-Dawley rats with
      adjuvant-induced arthritis were injected daily for 4 weeks with amitriptyline (10
      mg/kg) or imipramine (10 mg/kg) or saline, beginning 21 days after the induction
      of arthritis. Baseline evaluations were made prior to the injection series and at
      4 weeks, 24 h after the last injection. Both TCAs significantly reduced
      'scratching' and increased 'exploring' behaviour, without changing the response
      to graded foot pressure. In addition clinical signs of arthritis (ankle
      circumference, swelling, conjunctivitis, balanitis ...) were significantly
      reduced, while mobility was increased. This study shows that both amitriptyline
      and imipramine decrease pain behaviour and arthritis in this chronic pain model.
      Possible 'antiinflammatory' effects of TCAs and their eventual 'analgesic' effect
      will be discussed.

PMID- 4069720
TI  - Subject versus experimenter control in the reaction to pain.
AB  - Although perceived control has been used as a means of reducing the reaction to
      pain, conceptually, much is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to
      clarify the effects of control as a mediating variable in the reaction to pain as
      a function of the predispositional variables of perceived self-efficacy and trait
      anxiety. Self-efficacy refers to the subject's premeasured, perceived ability to
      control his pain. The type of control provided either to the subject or the
      experimenter was varied over 5 independent groups. Predictability of occurrence
      of the pain stimulation was varied on a within-subject basis. Results mirrored
      the complexity of the problem. Overall, when subjects were given decisional
      control alone the largest reactions to pain were obtained. Subjects given
      decisional plus behavioral control yielded the lowest reactions to pain. Both
      self-efficacy and trait anxiety significantly were predictive of outcomes.
      Unexpectedly, experimenter control reduced the reaction to pain among those with
      high self-efficacy, but increased the reaction among those with low self
      efficacy. Results of trait anxiety appear to indicate the need to keep anxiety
      within bounds. Adding responsibility such as control to an individual who is
      already anxious may increase the reaction to pain. In general, it appears that
      control that is perceived as inadequate may be worse than not having any control.
      The theoretical and methodological implications of these results were discussed.

PMID- 4069721
TI  - Re: Discriminative capacity of the McGill Pain Questionnaire.

PMID- 4069722
TI  - Failure of a predictive scale in identifying patients who may benefit from a pain
      management program: follow-up data.
AB  - A 7-item scale to identify patients who may benefit from a pain management
      program was prospectively studied. The patient group consisted of 217 patients.
      The duration of follow-up was 2-3 years. Although an item-by-item analysis
      revealed some differences between successes, partial successes, and failures, the
      overlap was such that the total score was not predictive of outcome. Although
      this finding precludes clinical use of the 7-item scale in its present form,
      future modifications are suggested that may improve its predictive ability.

PMID- 4069723
TI  - Living with chronic pain: the spouse's perspective.
AB  - This report is part of a larger study mounted for purposes of investigating the
      effects on a family of chronic pain in one of its adult members. Data concerning
      the spouses' understanding of their mate's pain along with the spouses'
      perception of the impact of this problem on their own health are presented. The
      factors of uncertainty and helplessness were found to be central to the distress
      experienced by the spouses in this study. The finding that the experience of
      living with chronic pain extends beyond the individual sufferer to encompass the
      family as a whole would suggest that health professionals must incorporate the
      family into the process of learning the meaning and management of chronic pain.

PMID- 4069724
TI  - Comparing patients' and their physicians' assessments of pain.
AB  - Patients and their physicians were asked to estimate the pain from needle
      aspiration and/or injection of joints or soft tissue using the visual analogue
      scale. On a 10-point scale, the mean score for patients prior to and after the
      procedure was 4.76 +/- 2.97 and 4.01 +/- 3.51, respectively, and for physicians
      was 4.15 +/- 2.45 and 3.36 +/- 2.08. Analysis of correlations revealed that prior
      to the procedure patients could predict their 'true' pain (after the procedure
      assessment) better (r = 0.765) than physicians could predict patients' pain (r =
      0.542). However, physicians significantly improved their estimates of patients'
      scores by observing the procedure. After the procedure correlation between
      physician and patient scores increased to 0.62 (P = 0.003). The overall pattern
      of results suggests that experienced patients may be somewhat better than their
      physicians in predicting the level of pain they experience with a procedure, but
      that physicians' estimates appear to be accurate enough to allow them to give
      useful information about the degree of discomfort that a patient will experience
      during an invasive procedure.

PMID- 4069725
TI  - Electrical stimulation of pulp nerves--comparison of monopolar and bipolar
      electrode coupling.
AB  - In the present study monopolar and bipolar electrode couplings were compared in
      electrical stimulation of intradental nerves. In experiments on cats the
      threshold current values of A- and C-fibres and the jaw-opening reflex were
      measured with both techniques using different durations of current pulses (0.2-50
      msec). In human studies the perception and pain thresholds were determined in the
      same manner. In experiments on anaesthetized cats 170 intradental nerve units
      were recorded. Of these 118 were A-fibres (conduction velocity (CV) greater than
      2 m/sec) and 52 C-fibres (CV less than or equal to 2 m/sec). The threshold
      current values (pulse duration 10 msec) of A-fibres were almost 2-fold (12.2
      microA, S.D. = 7.9) and of C-fibres over 2-fold (91.3 microA, S.D. = 52.3) with
      bipolar stimulation compared to monopolar (6.9 microA, S.D. = 7.3 and 42.5
      microA, S.D. = 21.5 respectively). The mean threshold of the jaw-opening reflex
      obtained with bipolar electrode coupling was about twice the value obtained with
      monopolar (8.2 microA, S.D. = 3.7 and 3.4 microA, S.D. = 0.7 respectively). In
      human experiments the mean perception threshold was 11.7 microA (S.D. = 6.7) with
      bipolar and 7.2 microA (S.D. = 3.2) with monopolar stimulation. The mean pain
      threshold was also higher with bipolar than with monopolar stimulation, 16.0
      microA (S.D. = 8.8) and 10.3 microA (S.D. = 4.5) respectively. The subjective
      sensations were different with these two electrode couplings; the pain (at pain
      threshold level) induced by bipolar stimulation was experienced as sharp or
      cutting and with monopolar stimulation as dull or more indefinite. It is
      concluded that there is a marked difference in the electrical threshold values of
      pulpal nerves and perception threshold of individual human teeth between
      monopolar and bipolar tooth stimulation. The thresholds of the A-fibres measured
      from the cat canine tooth closely correspond to the perception thresholds of the
      human tooth, but the threshold values of the pulpal C-fibres were significantly
      higher.

PMID- 4069726
TI  - Lateralization of chronic pain.
AB  - A number of recent articles have discussed the issue of laterality of chronic
      pain with inconclusive results. While some authors have found evidence for a
      preponderance of left-sided pain, others have failed to find such evidence.
      Unfortunately, none of the studies have clearly explained the rules used for
      deciding laterality. Consequently, considerable differences exist in the
      frequency of lateralized versus unlateralized patients in these studies, raising
      the question of whether variance in results reflects actual differences or
      different methodologies. In the current study, 101 chronic pain patients were
      asked to complete a drawing indicating the location and extent of their pain.
      These drawings were scored for the presence and absence of pain in each of 45
      body areas, using a highly reliable rating system. The results suggest that
      laterality may be normally distributed. The findings are discussed in light of
      previous research, and suggestions are made for possible uses of the rating
      system.

PMID- 4069727
TI  - Stress-related, posttraumatic chronic pain syndrome: criteria for diagnosis, and
      preliminary report on prevalence.
AB  - Clear criteria are presented for the diagnosis of a specific variety of the
      chronic pain syndrome which has an etiologic basis in posttraumatic stress. A
      survey of patients seen in the pain clinic setting suggests this etiology can be
      identified in a substantial percentage of patients with chronic pain. The
      importance of differential diagnosis in the identification of different forms of
      chronic pain is noted, and the contribution of the present diagnosis to the
      planning for efficacious therapeutic intervention is discussed.

PMID- 4069728
TI  - Effects of changes in intragastric pH resulting from alterations in meal
      viscosity on serum gastrin levels in duodenal ulcer patients.

PMID- 4069729
TI  - Dietary habits and daily symptoms in patients with gastric ulcer.

PMID- 4069730
TI  - Blood C-peptide concentration during postprandial hyperglycemia in patients after
      total gastrectomy.

PMID- 4069731
TI  - Primary deep venous thrombosis of the upper extremities.

PMID- 4069732
TI  - Prolactin secretion in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

PMID- 4069733
TI  - Reference values of urinary electrolyte excretion in respect of a vegetarian
      diet. A chronobiological study.

PMID- 4069735
TI  - Epidermoid cyst of the spleen.

PMID- 4069734
TI  - Role of calcitonin in calcic calculosis.

PMID- 4069736
TI  - Contractures complicating spinal cord injury: incidence and comparison between
      spinal cord centre and general hospital acute care.
AB  - One hundred and eighty-one spinal cord injured patients admitted to the
      Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago after acute care following a spinal cord
      injury were studied. The presence or absence of contractures as well as
      significant abnormalities with loss of range of motion greater than 15% was
      recorded. Patients were either admitted from general hospitals or the acute care
      unit of our spinal centre, Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Patients treated in
      the general hospitals had a statistically significant increased incidence of
      contractures compared to spinal centre patients. Patients treated in the spinal
      centre were transferred to the rehabilitation hospital sooner post injury. An
      increased time from onset to rehabilitation admission correlated with a
      statistically significant increased incidence of contractures. Tetraplegic
      patients had a statistically significant increase over paraplegic patients and
      were more likely to have contractures of several upper extremity joints.
      Contracture development was not related to fractures of the extremities. This
      evidence further supports the need for spinal cord centres and provides data on
      the incidence of contractures in spinal cord injured patients which has not been
      reported previously.

PMID- 4069737
TI  - Effects of thoracic spinal cord transection on colonic motor activity in rats.
AB  - The resting colonic motor activity before and consecutively after spinal cord
      transection was recorded in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Recording probes were
      anchored surgically in the ascending and descending colon. Pressure changes were
      recorded on a dynograph using a low compliance perfusion system. A motility index
      took into account the amplitude, duration and frequency of contractions.
      Following a baseline recording animals were subjected either to spinal cord
      transection at T4 level or a sham operation. The recording sessions continued
      regularly on alternate days for the observation period of 3 weeks. Transection of
      the thoracic spinal cord markedly reduced the motility index of the distal colon
      on the first postoperative day. However, the motor activity gradually returned to
      pre-operative values after 7 days. Sham surgery did not influence the motor
      activity. These findings suggest that colonic motor activity is influenced by
      spinal shock and probably by different neural mechanisms mediating proximal and
      distal activities of the colon in rats.

PMID- 4069738
TI  - Physical fitness of paraplegics in full wheelchair marathon racing.
AB  - The wheelchair marathon is one of the most difficult sports for participants with
      much uncertainty regarding the security of the paraplegics. The physical fitness
      of paraplegics has been examined regularly since The Oita International
      Wheelchair Marathon (half marathon) was inaugurated (1981). A full marathon
      (42.195 km) was adopted at The 3rd Meeting (1983). The individual equations
      between heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption VO2 were drawn from the
      preliminary test on the subjects who were expected to be among the top finishers
      in these races. VO2 during these races was indirectly estimated and showed a
      fairly low value (35.0 +/- 3.8 ml/kg/min in the full race, 32.7 +/- 6.3 ml/kg/min
      in the half race respectively) in comparison with able-bodied elite runners.
      However, the paraplegic participants had extremely high HR (171.6 +/- 20.5
      beats/min, 168.1 +/- 9.8) continuously throughout the race. Though the ratio of
      active muscle mass of arms to legs in paraplegic athletes may approximate to near
      equal, paraplegic arms seem to exert physiologically and mechanically less
      efficient power. There were no significant differences in physical fitness
      between the full and the half marathon elite finishers. The cardiovascular
      function of paraplegic athletes may well be ranked among those of able-bodied
      athletes in their fitness. Full wheelchair marathon seems to be safe if it is
      held in an appropriate environment.

PMID- 4069739
TI  - An evaluation of pneumatic orthoses in thoracic paraplegia.
AB  - Pneumatic orthoses were used to mobilise eight post-traumatic thoracic paraplegic
      males whose progress was monitored for two years. The pneumatic orthosis was more
      likely to be used than pelvic brace and calipers mainly due to increased support
      for the pelvis and the thoracolumbar spine. The effects of the orthosis and the
      mobilisation upon patient physiology were studied. Beneficial effects upon
      cardiovascular and respiratory systems were noted and increases in total body
      calcium after mobilisation were found. Contraindications to fitting the orthosis
      include severe spasms, obesity and scoliosis.

PMID- 4069740
TI  - Self-biting with multiple finger amputations following spinal cord injury.
AB  - We have observed mutilative self-biting leading to multiple finger amputations in
      two patients following C4 complete spinal cord injury (SCI). Both men were of
      normal intelligence without psychosis and each had a neurotic personality and
      history of fingernail biting. They related the self-biting to anxiety and
      depression. We believe these to be the first English language reports of multiple
      finger amputations due to self-biting following SCI.

PMID- 4069741
TI  - Susceptibility to coccidiosis: contrasting course of primary infections with
      Eimeria vermiformis in BALB/c and C57/BL/6 mice is based on immune responses.
AB  - The effects of three immunosuppressive treatments--whole body irradiation and
      injections of cortisone acetate or cyclophosphamide, on the course of primary
      infections with Eimeria vermiformis were investigated in 'resistant' BALB/c and
      'susceptible' C57BL/6 mice. Immunosuppression (and the nude athymic mutation in
      BALB/c mice) resulted in increased reproduction of the parasite in both strains
      of mice, indicating some immunological control of primary infections. The effect
      was, however, very much more marked in the BALB/c mice, resulting in an
      alteration in the relative susceptibilities of the two strains. The findings are
      discussed and it is suggested that the basis for the differences observed in the
      course of infection in normal BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice lies in their immune
      responses to this parasite.

PMID- 4069742
TI  - [Population biology of parasites: current status and prospects].
AB  - The present state of parasite population biology is reviewed with special
      reference to parasites of fish. Mathematical models have provided a coherent body
      of theory which is supported by many laboratory investigations. There is
      nevertheless some disagreement between predictions based on this theory and data
      obtained from investigations of natural parasite populations. It is suggested
      that this is partly due to the oversimplifications and limitations of the models,
      and partly to the unsystematic approach of many field investigations and the
      resulting shortage of data of the right sort. In freshwater habitats disagreement
      may also be due to the rapid and extensive changes that are taking place in the
      habitats themselves as a direct consequence of human activities. Future
      developments should involve models becoming more realistic, and field
      investigations being conducted in a more systematic and analytical manner in
      order to obtain quantitative measurements of the essential population parameters.

PMID- 4069743
TI  - [Ultrastructural characteristics of the salivary glands of of the tick Ixodes
      persulcatus. II. Type III alveoli of the sucking female].
AB  - Electron microscope observations were conducted to study changes in the cellular
      structure of IIId type alveoli of feeding females of I. persulcatus. Within the
      first 1-2 days of feeding granulosecreting glandular cells "d" and "e" get free
      of secretory inclusions. After that cells "d" degenerate completely and cells "e"
      undergo morphological transformations and start to fulfil osmoregulatory
      functions. From the third day of feeding cytoplasm of cells "e" and basal
      intersticial cells form a complex labyrinth from a system of branching processes
      limiting intercellular space from the basal to apical surfaces of alveolar wall.
      Cells "e" of I. persulcatus in their structure and functional activity closely
      resemble the earlier described cells "f" in alveoli III of the tick Rhipicephalus
      appendiculatus.

PMID- 4069744
TI  - [Characteristics of the distribution of Ixodes persulcatus in the forest-park
      area of Novosibirsk].
AB  - Only one species of ixodid ticks Ixodes persulcatus occurs in the forest-park
      zone. Conditions of foliage forests with high grass, where occur hosts of all
      developmental phases of ticks (elks, hares, rodents, insectivores), are most
      favourable for I. persulcatus. Preimaginal phases of I. persulcatus feed, in
      general, on dominant species (common shrew, redbacked and narrow-skulled voles,
      field mouse and northern birch mouse).

PMID- 4069745
TI  - [Bloodsucking midges from the nests of birds in the foothills of Western Sikhote
      Alin].
AB  - The specific composition and number of midges in nest biotopes of birds of forest
      formations of Western Sikhote-Alin are given. 17 species of the genus Culicoides
      were found to attack 17 species of birds during the nesting period. The number of
      midges in nests depends both on the biotopical distribution of nests and mode of
      living of birds and on the total number of midges in nature. The most high
      percentage of females engorged with blood at nests was recorded in the obsoletus
      group, which is most abundant on man and at nests of birds of anthropogenic
      complex.

PMID- 4069746
TI  - [Systematic position and life cycle of Asymphylotrema macracetabulum comb. Nov.
      (Trematoda, Monorchidae)].
AB  - Asymphylotrema macracetabulum (Belous, 1953) c. n. is described and diagnosis of
      the new genus Asymphylotrema in the subfamily Asymphylodorinae (the fam.
      Monorchidae) is given. The life cycle is studied and morphological
      characteristics of larval stages of this trematode in intermediate (freshwater
      molluscs Valvata sibirica and V. amurensis) and additional (Planaria sp.) hosts
      is given.

PMID- 4069747
TI  - [Morphological characteristics of the shell of the ova of Capillariidae
      (Nematoda, Capillariidae)].
AB  - Peculiarities of the surface architectonics of the egg shell in 18 species of
      capillariids (Nematoda, Capillariidae) were studied. Capillariids were found in
      mammals of 5 orders: Insectivora, Chiroptera, Muridae, Carnivora and
      Arctiodactyla. A correlation between the structure of the external surface of egg
      shell of these nematodes on one hand, and localization in the organism of the
      definitive host and its biology on the other, was established. On the basis of
      these characters capillariids of the genera Capillaria, Eucoleus, Calodium,
      Liniscus, Thominx and Scrjabinocapillaria were arranged into 6 groups: 1 - the
      genus Capillaria (luman of the stomach and gut), 2 - the genus Eucoleus (mucous
      membrane of oesophagus and stomach), 3 - the genus Calodium (parenchima of the
      liver), 4 - the genus Liniscus (urinary bladder), 5 - the genus Thominx (lungs),
      6 - the genera Thominx and Scrjabinocapillaria (lumen of the stomach). The
      classification suggested makes more precise and supplements the known systems of
      nematodes of the fam. Capillariidae.

PMID- 4069748
TI  - [Sensory system of 2 species of cercariae of the genus Cryptocotyle (Trematoda,
      Heterophyidae)].
AB  - The sensory system of two species of cercariae of the genus Cryptocotyle, C.
      concavum and C. lingua, is described and differences are indicated in the
      location of sensillae of both species which make possible the clear
      differentiation of both species.

PMID- 4069749
TI  - [Effect of nematoda Aphanitylenchus sp. on the reproductive capacity of fleas
      Ceratophyllus consimilis].
AB  - The paper presents results of experimental studies of the effect of
      Allantonematidae on the reproduction of fleas. It has been established that the
      pairing of non-infected females with males infected with nematodes reduces the
      fecundity rate while the pairing of non-infected males with females infected with
      nematodes causes a complete stopping of reproduction of laboratory population.
      The conclusion was drawn on the role of allantonematides in the regulation of
      abundance of fleas of rodents in nature.

PMID- 4069751
TI  - A study of the sensitivity of Leishmania donovani promastigotes and amastigotes
      to hydrogen peroxide. I. Differences in sensitivity correlate with parasite
      mediated removal of hydrogen peroxide.
AB  - The sensitivities of promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania donovani to
      reagent or glucose oxidase-generated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were examined in a
      phagocyte-free system and compared with direct measurements of loss of H2O2 due
      to reaction with the parasite. Using a combined fluorescence dye uptake/dye
      exclusion viability assay in conjunction with motility and transformation data it
      was shown that log-phase promastigotes harvested from recently transformed
      cultures were intermediate in their H2O2 sensitivity between amastigotes and log
      phase promastigotes harvested from long-term subcultures. It was also observed
      that, while promastigotes are equally sensitive to either form of H2O2 stress,
      amastigotes are more resistant to single larger amounts of reagent H2O2 than to
      equivalent amounts of H2O2 generated over a 1 h period. In each case the
      respective LD50 values obtained for each form of the parasite under each type of
      H2O2 stress correlated with saturation of their ability to remove H2O2 from the
      phagocyte-free system. For both promastigotes and amastigotes there was always a
      time delay after removal of either form of H2O2 stress before H2O2-mediated
      damage to membranes became apparent. The results suggest that the differential
      responses of promastigotes and amastigotes to different forms of H2O2 stress may
      depend upon different H2O2 scavenging mechanisms examined in more detail in the
      accompanying paper.

PMID- 4069750
TI  - [Contribution of Soviet parasitologists to the victory over fascist Germany].

PMID- 4069752
TI  - A study of the sensitivity of Leishmania donovani promastigotes and amastigotes
      to hydrogen peroxide. II. Possible mechanisms involved in protective H2O2
      scavenging.
AB  - Different hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-scavenging mechanisms, and the conditions
      under which they operate, have been examined in promastigotes and amastigotes of
      Leishmania donovani. For promastigotes, the ability of the parasite to remove
      H2O2 was completely ablated by sonication whereas for sonicated amastigotes
      substantial loss of H2O2 from the phagocyte-free test system still occurred. In
      direct contrast, the ability of amastigotes, but not promastigotes, to remove
      H2O2 was markedly inhibited by aminotriazole or sodium azide. This suggested a
      role for haem-containing enzymes, catalase or peroxidases, as a protective H2O2
      scavenging mechanism and was consistent with detection of catalase in amastigotes
      but not promastigotes using a spectrophotometric assay. Both forms of the
      parasite did, however, show reduced ability to remove H2O2 at 5-7 degrees C
      indicating that additional enzymatic scavenging mechanisms may operate.
      Glutathione peroxidase activity was undetectable in either form of the parasite.
      The total thiol sink, glutathione (GSH) plus protein thiols, was greater in
      promastigotes but the ability to regenerate GSH via glutathione reductase was
      equivalent for promastigotes and amastigotes. Less temperature-dependent non
      enzymatic mechanisms (e.g. an unsaturated lipid sink) also appear to contribute
      to removal of H2O2 by both promastigotes and amastigotes. It seems likely,
      nevertheless, that the difference in H2O2 sensitivity between the two forms of
      the parasite relates to the activity of the direct H2O2-scavenging enzyme,
      catalase, which appears to operate more efficiently against a bolus of reagent
      H2O2.

PMID- 4069753
TI  - The population dynamics of competition between parasites.
AB  - A number of published studies of competition between parasite species are
      examined and compared. It is suggested that two general levels of interaction are
      discernible: these correspond to the two levels of competition recognized by
      workers studying free-living animals and plants: 'exploitation' and
      'interference' competition. The former may be defined as the joint utilization of
      a host species by two or more parasite species, while the latter occurs when
      antagonistic mechanisms are utilized by one species either to reduce the survival
      or fecundity of a second species or to displace it from a preferred site of
      attachment. Data illustrating both levels of interaction are collated from a
      survey of the published literature and these suggest that interference
      competition invariably operates asymmetrically. The data are also used to
      estimate a number of population parameters which are important in determining the
      impact of competition at the population level. Theoretical models of host
      parasite associations for both classes of competition are used to examine the
      expected patterns of population dynamics that will be exhibited by simple two
      species communities of parasites that utilize the same host population. The
      analysis suggests that the most important factor allowing competing species of
      parasites to coexist is the statistical distribution of the parasites within the
      host population. A joint stable equilibrium should be possible if both species
      are aggregated in their distribution. The size of the parasite burdens at
      equilibrium is then determined by other life-history parameters such as
      pathogenicity, rates of resource utilization and antagonistic ability. Comparison
      of these theoretical expectations with a variety of sets of empirical data forms
      the basis for a discussion about the importance of competition in natural
      parasite populations. The models are used to assess quantitatively the potential
      for using competing parasite species as biological control agents for pathogens
      of economic or medical importance. The most important criterion for identifying a
      successful control agent is an ability to infect a high proportion of the host
      population. If such a parasite species also exhibits an intermediate level of
      pathology or an efficient ability to utilize shared common resources,
      antagonistic interactions between the parasite species contribute only
      secondarily to the success of the control. Competition in parasites is compared
      with competition in free-living animals and plants. The comparison suggests
      further experimental tests which may help to assess the importance of competition
      in determining the structure of more complex parasite-host communities.

PMID- 4069754
TI  - Ovine hydatidosis: some immunological characteristics of the seronegative host.
AB  - The immune status of a group of sheep naturally infected with hydatid cysts was
      investigated. Low specific anti-hydatid antibody (Sab) titres and negative
      results in intradermal and leucocyte migration tests occurred in hosts with high
      hydatid antigen-stimulated lymphocyte transformation (LT). Total (non-specific)
      IgG was elevated in infected sheep and was positively correlated with LT.
      Circulating hydatid antigen (cAg) was detectable in some infected sheep, but not
      in all of those with low Sab. Relationships between cAg, Sab and immune complex
      levels suggest that most cAg is present in immune complexes.

PMID- 4069755
TI  - The influence of a chronic subclinical infection of Trichostrongylus
      colubriformis on gastrointestinal motility and digesta flow in sheep.
AB  - The influence of a chronic subclinical infection of Trichostrongylus
      colubriformis, 2500 larvae/day for 12 weeks, on gastrointestinal motility and
      digesta flow was studied in 12 sheep supplied ad libitum with food and water.
      Motility was recorded by X-radiography and electromyography from chronically
      implanted electrodes; abomasal volume and outflow were estimated by dilution of
      CrEDTA; small intestinal transit time was estimated by passage of Phenol Red. The
      findings were compared with measurements made prior to infection at restricted
      food intake and reported separately. The first effects of infection were seen
      after 3-4 weeks. No animal developed diarrhoea, but food intake was progressively
      reduced. Small intestinal transit time, abomasal volume and half-time of marker
      dilution increased while abomasal outflow decreased during infection. These
      changes occurred both in absolute terms and when compared with values predicted
      from the observed level of food intake. As the animals became resistant to the
      parasites abomasal volume and digesta flow returned towards control values (weeks
      10-12). The migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) was disrupted in only one sheep,
      and only transiently. In all sheep the frequency of the MMC was increased during
      infection and there was a progressive inhibition of abomasal, duodenal and
      jejunal motility. X-radiography showed there was prolonged pooling of digesta in
      the proximal small intestine which was cleared only at the phase of regular
      spiking activity. Two sheep given an anthelmintic drench recovered normal
      motility and clearance of digesta. It is concluded that subclinical infection of
      sheep with T. colubriformis alters the normal pattern of gastrointestinal
      motility in the absence of any diarrhoea, and causes inhibition of abomasal and
      proximal small intestinal motility and digesta flow. The increased frequency of
      MMCs helps to maintain digesta flow through the proximal small intestine.

PMID- 4069756
TI  - Test and Teach. Number fifty. Diagnosis: progressive multifocal
      leukoencephalopathy.

PMID- 4069757
TI  - A comparison of the avascular capsule surrounding free floating intraperitoneal
      blood clots in mice and rabbits.
AB  - The development of the avascular fibrous capsule which surrounds free floating
      intraperitoneal blood clots in mice and rabbits is described. In mice, the
      capsule at 2 wk consisted of an outer layer of partially flattened macrophage
      like cells overlying a thick layer of myofibroblasts embedded in a collagenous
      stroma. In contrast, in rabbits the capsule at 2 wk consisted of 3 distinct
      layers: an outer layer of mesothelial cells; an underlying relatively acellular
      layer containing a few macrophages; and, immediately adjacent to the clot, an
      innermost layer of variable thickness consisting mostly of myofibroblasts. The
      myofibroblasts of the rabbit capsule were fewer in number than those of the
      mouse. Detailed examination of the formation of these capsules suggests that
      myofibroblasts may develop from cells within the peritoneal cavity that show
      morphological features characteristic of monocytes/macrophages.

PMID- 4069758
TI  - Experimental pyelonephritis and papillary necrosis in the Gunn rat.
AB  - Homozygous and heterozygous female Gunn rats show increased susceptibility to
      experimental urinary infection. The strain develops pyelonephritis after
      intravesical inoculation of Proteus mirabilis in numbers which fail to induce the
      lesion in albino rats, and severe pyelonephritis is frequently complicated by
      papillary necrosis. The basis for this enhanced susceptibility has not been
      defined, but the occurrence of the phenomenon in both homozygous and heterozygous
      rats indicates that it is not caused primarily by high plasma levels of
      unconjugated bilirubin or by the deposition of bilirubin in the tip of the renal
      papilla. The increased susceptibility of the homozygous Gunn rat to ascending
      urinary tract infection provides supporting evidence for the suggestion that
      infection may complicate the natural history of experimental analgesic
      nephropathy in this strain and is relevant to the clinical association of
      analgesic nephropathy and urinary infection.

PMID- 4069759
TI  - Vasoactive agents and production of thrombosis during intravascular coagulation.
      2. alpha-Adrenergic stimulation: effects and mechanisms.
AB  - The mechanism whereby norepinephrine elicits thrombosis during intravascular
      coagulation was investigated further in rabbits given a 4 h infusion of thrombin
      (1 NIH unit/kg/min). Norepinephrine (3 micrograms/kg/min) combined with thrombin
      produced glomerular capillary thrombosis in all animals as compared to 4.3% with
      thrombin alone. Alpha-adrenergic receptors mediated this effect, as indicated (a)
      by prevention of glomerular thrombosis by dibenzyline but not by methysergide,
      and (b) by failure of histamine or acetylcholine combined with thrombin to induce
      the phenomenon. However, in combination with thrombin, these two agents induced
      duodenal mucosal microthrombosis. Study of the glomerular circulation with
      colloidal carbon showed that norepinephrine elicits severe glomerular capillary
      stasis in thrombin treated rabbits; the vasomotor reaction precedes increased
      fibrinogen consumption and focal deposition of fibrin in the glomeruli.
      Pretreatment with dibenzyline prevented glomerular stasis and reduced fibrinogen
      consumption. The phagocytic activity of the reticulo-endothelial system was
      increased 7 times by thrombin infusions, with or without norepinephrine. We
      conclude that stimulation of the alpha 1-adrenergic receptors triggers glomerular
      thrombosis by production of severe glomerular stasis which localizes formation of
      thrombi in the dilated vessels. These results provide a rational explanation for
      the role of alpha-adrenergic stimulation in the endotoxin-induced generalized
      Shwartzman reaction and outline some of the mechanisms and agents implied in the
      selection of the target organs for thrombosis during intravascular coagulation.

PMID- 4069760
TI  - Reversal of the no reflow phenomenon in globally ischemic rat hearts by
      ventricular dilation.
AB  - Changes in the contracture and stiffness of ventricular walls during ischemia and
      their effect on vascular reperfusion were studied in isolated rat hearts. Global
      ischemia was induced by stopping the flow of oxygenated perfusate for 60 min.
      Contracture pressures generated against water-filled left ventricular balloons
      maintained at diastolic volume increased between 8 and 25 min of ischemia and
      declined thereafter. On the other hand, left ventricular wall stiffness,
      estimated from the pressure required to periodically inflate otherwise uninflated
      balloons to diastolic volume, increased rapidly between 20 and 30 min of
      ischemia, and more slowly thereafter. Inflation of balloons following 30 or more
      min of ischemia caused significant reductions in left ventricular wall stiffness.
      Similar brief inflation after 60 min of ischemia allowed aqueous sodium
      fluorescein to perfuse the subendocardial half of the left ventricular wall which
      was otherwise not accessible to reperfusion. This reversal of the no reflow
      phenomenon was accompanied by a reduction in myocardial wall stiffness,
      stretching of myocytes and increased patency of myocardial capillaries.

PMID- 4069761
TI  - A correlative study of etiology, clinical features and rectal mucosal pathology
      in adults with acute infectious diarrhea in southern India.
AB  - For detailed etiological studies we isolated invasive enteric bacterial pathogens
      in 16, non-invasive pathogens in 13 and no pathogens in 11 of 40 adults with
      untreated acute diarrhea of less than 5 days duration at a tertiary care hospital
      in southern India. It was possible to establish a system for the objective
      assessment of the clinical severity of illness. Hemorrhage in the rectal mucosal
      lamina propria. especially pericryptal, was a striking feature in rectal
      biopsies. This was associated with a vascular lesion with endothelial damage. The
      prevalence of the vascular lesion did not correlate with the etiological agents
      or the severity of the histological abnormality in the rectal mucosa. However,
      there was a good correlation between the presence of vascular abnormalities and
      clinical severity. While the vascular changes could be the result of non-specific
      trauma to the rectal mucosa due to diarrhea, it is suggested that they may have
      an as yet unknown role in determining clinical severity.

PMID- 4069762
TI  - Premalignant epithelial lesions of the gall bladder: a prospective study of 120
      cholecystectomy specimens.
AB  - One hundred and twenty gall-bladders obtained at cholecystectomy for gall bladder
      diseases formed the basis of a prospective study of premalignant epithelial
      lesions. Six cases displayed abnormal mucosa (5%); 4 had atypical hyperplasia
      (dysplasia) and 2 gall-bladders had carcinoma-in-situ; all were associated with
      chronic cholecystitis and lithiasis. These changes are considered premalignant
      and are probably precursors of gall-bladder carcinoma. It is impossible to
      predict which patient with chronic gall-bladder disease is likely to harbour
      premalignant epithelial changes. In any event, thorough histological examination
      of all gall bladders removed surgically is more than justified.

PMID- 4069763
TI  - Gastric xanthomas.
AB  - Gastric xanthomas (GX) are uncommon intramucosal lesions which can be
      misinterpreted as early or signet ring adenocarcinoma. The histological features
      of eight gastric xanthomas are described. Mucin and Masson trichrome strains were
      valuable in distinguishing GX from adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 4069764
TI  - Dialysis osteomalacia: a possible role for zirconium as well as aluminium.
AB  - Six patients with dialysis osteomalacia were studied before and after treatment
      with desferrioxamine. Before treatment, all six had severe osteomalacia with
      histochemical evidence of metals at the mineralization front, confirmed by energy
      dispersive X-ray microanalysis to include Al, Zr and Fe. Zr was not detected by
      histological staining in patients without dialysis osteomalacia. After treatment
      a decrease of Al and Zr was associated with improvement in clinical, biochemical,
      radiological and histological parameters. These observations suggest the
      possibility of a role for metals other than Al in the pathogenesis of dialysis
      osteomalacia.

PMID- 4069765
TI  - Datura poisoning--the Angel's Trumpet.
AB  - A group of seven ate flowers of Datura arborea ("The Angel's Trumpet" or "Trumpet
      Lilies") and suffered severe hallucinations. One member of the group drowned in
      shallow water while suffering from these effects. Although poisoning with related
      species is common, poisoning with this plant is rare, perhaps due to its
      terrifying rather than pleasurable hallucinogenic effect.

PMID- 4069766
TI  - Comparative evaluation of diagnostic cytological features of malignancy in GMA
      sections, paraffin sections and smears.
AB  - A quantitative evaluation of glycol methacrylate (GMA) embedded sections in the
      cytological assessment of body fluids is reported for the first time. The
      technique is compared with routine smears, filter preparations and paraffin
      sections of cell blocks. Diagnostic problems were encountered mainly in the
      assessment of reactive mesothelial cells and lymphoreticular cells. Diagnostic
      accuracy was highly dependent on technique of cell preparation, and the GMA
      sections were a useful supplementary technique in cases where there were
      difficulties of interpretation. The method offers the advantage of improved
      sampling by using a concentrated cell block technique and high resolution of
      cellular detail essential for accurate cytological diagnosis.

PMID- 4069767
TI  - Malignant melanoma: analysis by DNA flow cytometry.
AB  - The DNA content of 14 primary and 111 secondary melanomas was determined by flow
      cytometry. Aneuploidy was detected in 67% of samples. The frequency with which
      aneuploid cells were found was similar in primary and metastatic melanomas and,
      in the metastatic group, for melanotic and amelanotic tumours. Aneuploid
      diversity was marked with a wide variation in DNA content between tumours. Serial
      biopsies were performed in 14 patients, and in 10 there was discordance in DNA
      profiles between first and subsequent biopsies. Tumour biopsies taken from
      different sites at the same time also showed discordance in 3 of 5 cases. These
      features highlight the degree of cellular heterogeneity in malignant melanoma.

PMID- 4069768
TI  - A reappraisal of pre-transfusion testing procedures in a hospital blood bank.
AB  - In recent years, experience with screening protocols for the detection of red
      cell antibodies has led to a reappraisal of pre-transfusion testing procedures.
      In the U.S.A. in particular, it has become accepted practice to perform only an
      antiglobulin crossmatch when an antibody screen has been negative. There is now
      debate in that country regarding the necessity of retaining even the antiglobulin
      crossmatch. In this laboratory, as is usual in Australia, room temperature,
      enzyme and antiglobulin tests are used for both antibody screening and
      crossmatching. A review was therefore conducted of the results of screening
      58,227 samples from approximately 40,000 patients, involving 126,771 crossmatched
      blood units over a 53 mth period. Eight hundred and seventy-two red cell
      antibodies were detected in 718 patients. Forty-four of these antibodies were
      detected only in the crossmatch, and of these 23 were of potential clinical
      significance. Fourteen of the 23 were detected by the antiglobulin test, 8 by an
      enzyme test and only 1 by the saline method. Of 107 antibodies detected only in
      the room temperature phase, none were of clinical significance. The results
      indicate that exclusion of room temperature tests from all pre-transfusion
      testing, and deletion of enzyme tests from the crossmatch will not compromise
      patient safety.

PMID- 4069769
TI  - Detection of Toxoplasma cysts and oocysts in an urban environment in a developed
      country.
AB  - Feces of 115 stray or unwanted cats were screened for Toxoplasma oocysts by
      sucrose density centrifugation and inoculation into mice. None of the feces
      examined contained detectable levels of viable oocysts. Using a laboratory
      infected cat, the sensitivity of this detection technique was found to be about
      250 oocysts/g of feces by microscopic analysis and about 2 oocysts by mouse
      inoculation. Samples of pork and lamb chops bought from suburban butcher shops
      were screened for Toxoplasma cysts by pepsin digestion and mouse inoculation. One
      of the 30 pork and none of the 30 lamb chops contained viable cysts. Experimental
      studies determined that the sensitivity of this method of detection was about 1
      cyst/100 g of tissue. The relative likelihood of each route of Toxoplasma
      infection for members of an urban community in a developed country is discussed.

PMID- 4069770
TI  - Gentamicin nephropathy in a neonate.
AB  - The clinical and autopsy findings in a premature baby who died of acute renal
      failure after therapy with gentamicin (5 mg/kg/day) and penicillin are presented.
      The serum gentamicin concentration had reached toxic levels when anuria
      developed. Numerous periodic acid Schiff (PAS) positive, diastase resistant
      cytoplasmic inclusion bodies which appeared as myelin figures in cytosegresomes
      under the electron microscope were identified in the proximal convoluted tubules.
      The pathological changes induced by gentamicin in the human neonatal kidneys have
      not been previously reported.

PMID- 4069771
TI  - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the breast: high grade variant.
AB  - The mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a very rare neoplasm of the breast which
      histologically resembles mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the salivary glands. It is
      characterized by sheets of epidermoid cells with area of definite squamous
      differentiation as well as glandular and cystic spaces lined by atypical mucin
      secreting columnar cells. The ultrastructural findings reflect the squamous and
      adenomatous differentiation seen on light microscopy. The degree of histological
      differentiation and the infrequency of nodal metastasis suggest an indolent
      behaviour. This is supported by the absence of recurrence or death due to the
      disease in 7 of the 8 cases reported to date. Only 1 patient has had extensive
      axillary nodal metastasis from a mucoepidermoid carcinoma which showed large
      areas of poorly differentiated cells. The present case is another example of such
      a high grade variant in which death occurred from pulmonary and vertebral
      metastases within 6 mth of mastectomy. An aggressive behaviour should be
      predicted by the presence of a large undifferentiated component in the tumour,
      necrosis and prominence of mitoses.

PMID- 4069772
TI  - Atypical polypoid adenomyoma: a case report with ultrastructural examination.
AB  - A case of atypical polypoid adenomyoma occurring in a 40 yr-old female is
      reported. The lesion was composed of irregular glands lined by atypical
      epithelium lying in a spindle cell stroma containing smooth muscle cells. The
      mitotic count of the stroma was less than 1 per 10 high power fields. Squamous
      metaplasia was present in the glandular elements. Ultrastructural examination of
      the stroma confirmed the presence of smooth muscle cells. The lesion is compared
      with similar cases previously reported. The differential diagnosis is considered,
      including endometrial adenocarcinoma, adenomyosis, endometrial polyps and mixed
      Mullerian tumours. Atypical polypoid adenomyoma is a benign lesion, and
      conservative management is recommended.

PMID- 4069773
TI  - Campomelic dysplasia with sex reversal: morphological and cytogenetic studies of
      a case.
AB  - Morphological and cytogenetic studies undertaken in a case of sex reversed
      campomelic dysplasia revealed the presence of primary follicles within the
      dysgenetic gonads and a familial balanced chromosome translocation t(5;8), a
      hitherto unreported combination of unusual findings.

PMID- 4069774
TI  - A patient with hemosiderosis and multiple liver abscesses due to Yersinia
      enterocolitica.
AB  - A 72 yr-old man presented with clinical features suggestive of disseminated
      malignancy, and at autopsy was found to have hemosiderosis and multiple liver
      abscesses due to Yersinia enterocolitica. The literature is reviewed, with
      emphasis on the role of abnormal iron metabolism in disseminated infection with
      this organism.

PMID- 4069775
TI  - Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma: a systemic disease with paraproteinemia.
AB  - A woman of 39 presenting with a conjunctival swelling with a necrobiotic
      xanthogranulomatous histology suffered from a series of destructive cutaneous
      lesions of similar histology for 20 yr. She had a paraproteinemia and developed
      myelomatosis. At postmortem xanthogranulomatous lesions were found in skin,
      larynx, heart and kidneys. The patient also had nodular transformation of the
      liver with portal hypertension.

PMID- 4069776
TI  - Pulmonary skeletal muscle embolism.

PMID- 4069777
TI  - The importance of the lymphatic system.

PMID- 4069778
TI  - Intracytoplasmic lumina in lobular breast carcinoma.

PMID- 4069779
TI  - [Effect of enkephalins on morphologic and hormonal manifestations of the stress
      reaction].

PMID- 4069780
TI  - [Genotypical and seasonal aspects of the development of neurogenic dystrophy of
      the stomach and reactions of the pituitary-adrenal system during emotional stress
      in mice].

PMID- 4069781
TI  - [Relation between the ulcerogenic action of emotional stress and the individual
      typologic characteristics of the rat].

PMID- 4069782
TI  - [Physicians against the nuclear threat].

PMID- 4069783
TI  - [Effect of oxytocin on the activity of neurons of the anterior zones of the
      hypothalamus in the rat with an experimental neurosis].

PMID- 4069784
TI  - [Features of the regulation of local blood flow in the brains of spontaneously
      hypertensive rats during acute reduction in systemic arterial pressure].

PMID- 4069785
TI  - [Changes in the contractile function of the left and right ventricles of the
      heart in embolism of the pulmonary circulation].

PMID- 4069786
TI  - [Effect of acetylcholine on migration of mature eosinophils from the bone marrow
      into the circulating blood].

PMID- 4069787
TI  - [Condition of peripheral blood and bone marrow after experimental allogenic
      spleen transplantation].

PMID- 4069788
TI  - [Structural state of thrombocyte membranes and the aggregating capacity of
      thrombocytes in cancer of the lung].

PMID- 4069789
TI  - [Various results of the bioenergetics of muscles in weightlessness].

PMID- 4069790
TI  - [Effect of adaptation to physical exertion on the development of emotionally
      painful stress, metabolic disorders and the contractile function of the
      myocardium].

PMID- 4069791
TI  - A pitfall for the expectancy theory of human eyelid conditioning.
AB  - Two simple eyeblink conditioning experiments with random intermittent
      reinforcement schedules were performed. In Experiment 1, subjects had to rate
      their expectancy for an unconditioned stimulus (US) on a seven-level scale prior
      to each trial. As anticipated, expectancy for US increased with a successive
      conditioned stimulus (CS) alone, and decreased with successive CS-US pairings.
      However, Experiments 1 and 2 showed that the frequency of eyeblink conditioned
      responses (CRs) evolved in a direction opposite to that of expectancy changes:
      CRs increased, whereas expectancy for US decreased, and vice versa. The possible
      effect of sensitization on eyeblink response was ruled out by the lack of a run
      effect in an unpaired control group in Experiment 2. These results tend to
      disconfirm the expectancy theory of conditioning. Although they were explicitly
      predicted by the conventional "strength" theory of conditioning, an alternative
      interpretation is proposed within a cognitive framework.

PMID- 4069793
TI  - Symposium on pediatric radiology.

PMID- 4069792
TI  - Mobility, extraversion, and neuroticism.
AB  - Mobility, a property of Pavlovian higher nervous activity, was measured using an
      induction task. Negative induction, following presentation of an excitatory
      stimulus, is an index of mobility of excitation and positive induction, following
      presentation of an inhibitory stimulus is an index of mobility of inhibition.
      Mobility scores from 27 male and 37 female first-year psychology students, age 17
      to 42 years were related to extraversion and neuroticism derived from Eysenck's
      Personality Inventory (Form A). Mobility of excitation and mobility of inhibition
      were found to be unrelated. Individual differences in the magnitude and latency
      of induction indicate that individuals can be typed according to low, medium, or
      high mobility of either nervous process. No relationship was found between
      neuroticism and mobility, and no relationship was found between extraversion and
      mobility of excitation. However, a significant negative relationship was found
      between extraversion and mobility of inhibition, providing a link between
      Pavlovian properties of the nervous system and Eysenck's personality dimension of
      extraversion.

PMID- 4069794
TI  - The effect of systemic hydration on normal and impaired mucociliary function.
AB  - Whether systemic hydration enhances the clearance of lower airway secretions in
      normal lungs and in lungs during antigen-induced bronchial obstruction was
      studied. In five conscious allergic sheep, tracheal mucus velocity (TMV) as an
      index of lower airway mucociliary clearance was measured before and serially for
      60 minutes following intravenous infusion of 5% dextrose solution at volumes
      ranging from 5 to 35 ml/kg. None of these fluid regimens had a significant effect
      on TMV, although there was a tendency toward a slowing of TMV at the higher
      volumes of 25 and 35 ml/kg. After producing an acute allergic airway response by
      inhalation challenge with specific antigen, there was a decrease in mean TMV by
      27% and 15% before sham infusion and infusion of 35 ml/kg of dextrose solution,
      respectively. During the subsequent 60-minute observation period, mucociliary
      transport was further impaired by dextrose infusion, with mean TMV being lower
      after dextrose infusion than after sham infusion at all times of measurement (P
      less than 0.05). The lowest value was reached 30 minutes after dextrose infusion
      (45% of control). It was concluded that systemic hydration does not significantly
      alter airway mucociliary transport in the normal state but further impairs
      mucociliary transport during allergic mucociliary dysfunction. This raises
      questions regarding the therapeutic role of systemic hydration in the treatment
      of children and adults who have bronchial asthma.

PMID- 4069795
TI  - Screening for cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 4069796
TI  - Refractoriness to bronchoconstriction following hyperventilation with cold dry
      air.
AB  - Fifteen subjects undertook repeated periods of hyperventilation of cold dry air
      and hyperventilation of warm humidified air followed by cold dry air.
      Hyperventilation of cold dry air induced a biphasic response with initial
      bronchodilatation followed by bronchoconstriction. However, exercise produced a
      greater rise in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) than hyperventilation
      alone. Hyperventilation of cold dry air resulted in a period of refractoriness to
      a second stress of the same type. Refractoriness induced by exercise or
      hyperventilation of cold dry air may be the result of refractoriness of the
      trigger site in the large airways.

PMID- 4069797
TI  - Bronchodilator response during acute viral bronchiolitis in infancy.
AB  - Bronchodilator responsiveness was assessed by measuring specific respiratory
      conductance before and after inhalation of aerosolized bronchodilator in 50
      infants who had acute bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus infection.
      Thirty per cent of the infants showed an improvement in specific conductance.
      Responders could not be differentiated from nonresponders by family histories of
      atopy, eosinophil counts, or immunoglobulin levels in blood and nasal secretions.
      Eighty-three per cent of the families and 54% of the mothers of the infants were
      smokers. Babies of smoking mothers had lower specific conductances than did those
      of nonsmoking mothers but showed no differences in bronchodilator response. The
      clinical significance of this bronchodilator-responsive sub-group has yet to be
      defined.

PMID- 4069798
TI  - Total respiratory impedance in healthy children.
AB  - Impedance of the total respiratory system was measured in 121 healthy children
      aged 4-16 years during spontaneous breathing by pseudo-random forced oscillations
      between 3 and 10 Hz. Total respiratory resistance (Rrs), inertance (Irs) and
      compliance (Crs) were determined by least-mean-squares fitting. Estimates for
      inertance were reliable only for the larger children, where the values of Irs
      (0.0127 +/- 0.0034 SD) were similar to those reported for normal adults. Rrs
      correlated significantly (P less than 0.001) with height (r = -0.868), age (r = 
      0.865), and, in a subpopulation of the 6- to 16-year-old children, with forced
      vital capacity (r = -0.803). The corresponding correlation coefficients for Crs
      were 0.873, 0.844, and 0.853, respectively. Crs amounted to about a third of the
      static total compliance values of Sharp et al. (J Appl Physiol 1970; 29: 775-779)
      over the same interval of heights. In these relationships no significant
      difference was found between boys and girls.

PMID- 4069800
TI  - Fetal lung development. Proceedings of a workshop. June 1-3, 1982, Val David,
      Quebec, Canada.

PMID- 4069799
TI  - Parental smoking and respiratory illness during early childhood: a six-year
      longitudinal study.
AB  - The relationship between parental smoking habits and lower respiratory illness
      and symptoms during the first 6 years of life was studied in a birth cohort of
      New Zealand children. This showed that maternal (but not paternal) smoking was
      associated with significant increase in rates of lower respiratory infection and
      lower respiratory symptoms during the child's first 2 years. This association
      persisted when a range of perinatal, social, and familial factors were taken into
      account statistically. After two years there was no detectable association
      between parental smoking habits and lower respiratory infection. Further, there
      was no evidence to suggest that children whose parents smoked had increased risks
      of asthma or rates of asthmatic attacks during early childhood.

PMID- 4069801
TI  - Bombesin-, calcitonin-, and serotonin-immunoreactive pulmonary neuroendocrine
      cells in acute and chronic neonatal lung disease.
AB  - Bombesin-, calcitonin-, and serotonin-immunoreactive pulmonary neuroendocrine
      cells (PNEC) were quantitated in the lungs of infants dying of hyaline membrane
      disease (HMD) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). When compared with the lungs
      of age-matched control infants dying of noncardiopulmonary causes, infants who
      had HMD demonstrated a decrease in the numbers of bombesin-, calcitonin-, and
      serotonin-immunoreactive PNECs, while infants who had BPD demonstrated an
      increase. This difference was most pronounced at 2 months of age, when infants
      with BPD had a threefold increase in bombesin-, a tenfold increase in calcitonin
      , and a 34-fold increase in serotonin-immunoreactive cells. In both control
      infants and infants who had acute and chronic lung disease, a consistent
      relationship was found between numbers of the three cell types: bombesin greater
      than calcitonin greater than serotonin. Radioimmunoassay of lung tissue from
      infants dying of HMD and BPD confirmed low levels of bombesin immunoreactivity in
      HMD and increased levels in BPD. Circulating plasma bombesin levels in neonates,
      as measured by radioimmunoassay, were significantly higher than levels found in
      adults. Though these findings are intriguing, the documentation of a causal
      relationship between observed alterations in PNEC and the vascular and gas
      exchange abnormalities known to be associated with HMD and BPD must await further
      studies.

PMID- 4069802
TI  - Paracrine regulation of lung maturation.
AB  - Although there is much yet to be learned about the regulation of fetal lung
      maturation, the study of this process has yielded much information that may serve
      as a paradigm for the understanding of fetal growth regulation in general. Two
      particularly interesting fetal adjustments of general regulatory phenomena have
      emerged: the ability of local tissue metabolism to anatomically or temporally
      isolate endocrine effects and the role of paracrine factors in coordinating the
      responses of different cells in complex organs.

PMID- 4069804
TI  - Immunoreactive bombesin and calcitonin paracrine cells of human fetal and newborn
      airways.
AB  - Lung tissue samples from 35 human fetuses (8 to 25 weeks gestation) and 18
      newborn infants (25 to 41 weeks gestation who survived less than 28 days) were
      examined by light and transmission electron microscopy for the presence of
      Kulchitsky-like cells and for the peptide hormones IR bombesin and IR calcitonin.
      K-like cells were found in developing intrapulmonary conducting airways from
      bronchi through alveolar ducts, appearing both as single cells and in large
      clusters. IR bombesin was rarely found in bronchioles of fetuses in the first
      trimester, but by the second trimester K-like cells were readily identified in
      bronchioles, and a few were seen in alveolar ducts and bronchi. They were
      especially numerous in infants dying with post-respirator lung disease. IR
      calcitonin was not found until 20 weeks' gestation, and was also most common in
      post-respirator lung disease. The role of these hormones in the fetal and
      neonatal lung is at present unknown.

PMID- 4069803
TI  - Influence of pulmonary endothelial cells on fetal lung development.
AB  - Culture medium conditioned by pulmonary endothelial cells stimulated
      proliferation of cultured fetal lung cells, as measured by increases in cell
      numbers, incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA, and incorporation of
      labeled choline into membrane phospholipids. Medium conditioned by several other
      cell culture preparations of fetal lung did not elicit these effects. The growth
      promoting activity was found to be concentrated in fractions of 42,000 and 89,000
      molecular weight (mol wt). In addition to promoting cell growth, medium
      conditioned by pulmonary endothelial cells also appeared to stimulate the
      incorporation of labeled choline into surfactant-associated phosphatidylcholine.
      These results suggest that pulmonary endothelial cells may produce factors that
      stimulate the growth and perhaps also the differentiation of fetal lung cells in
      culture.

PMID- 4069805
TI  - An experimental model for studies of fetal maldevelopment in the diabetic
      pregnancy.
AB  - Values for plasma glucose and serum insulin in fasting conditions and glucose
      disappearance rates during an intravenous glucose tolerance test were obtained
      from 54 adult female rhesus monkeys. Some of these animals were subsequently made
      diabetic by intravenous infusion of streptozotocin (STZ). A single treatment with
      STZ (47.5 mg/kg) was consistently effective in ten animals for inducing severe
      hyperglycemia and diminished insulin response to glucose infusion. One of four
      additional animals became significantly glucose intolerant after a single
      treatment with STZ (30 mg/kg) and three of three animals became glucose
      intolerant after two treatments at this dosage. The greater effectiveness of STZ
      for inducing severe diabetes mellitus in the present study compared with previous
      investigations using nonhuman primates was attributed to rapid mixing and
      infusion of STZ with proven diabetogenic activity. Severely diabetic animals have
      been successfully maintained by daily subcutaneous injections of a combination of
      NPH and regular insulin. Fetuses of monkeys treated with STZ before conception
      were hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic, and four of these six fetuses were large
      for gestational age. Preliminary data suggest that fetal lung glycogen
      concentrations were elevated in these animals compared with controls at 145 days
      of gestation. It is concluded that the rhesus monkey treated with STZ before
      pregnancy represents a useful model for studies of fetal maldevelopment in
      pregnancies complicated by varying degrees of maternal diabetes.

PMID- 4069806
TI  - Ultrastructure of the bronchial epithelium in three children with asthma.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the bronchial epithelium of three asthmatic girls was
      studied from material obtained during bronchoscopy. In all patients the large
      bronchi were lined with an altered pseudostratified ciliated epithelium having a
      severely damaged ciliary border. Injury to the ciliated cells was manifested by
      apical bleb formation, destruction of free kinocilia, pathological ciliogenesis,
      dilation of the spaces of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, an
      increase in the number of vacuoles and lysosomes, and the appearance of altered
      mitochondria. The most outstanding feature of the epithelium was the marked
      hyperplasia of the goblet cells with the development of intraepithelial mucous
      glands. The mucous elements of the epithelium had discharged their mucus.
      Further, there were signs of mucus cell injury and degeneration. Squamous
      metaplasia of the pseudostratified epithelium was not observed.

PMID- 4069807
TI  - The diagnostic effectiveness of the flexible bronchoscope in children.
AB  - Over a 5-year period 1,000 pulmonary endoscopic procedures (172 laryngoscopies,
      828 bronchoscopies) were performed in children less than 10 years of age using
      flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopes, with sedation and topical anesthesia. An
      endoscopic diagnosis of direct relevance to the primary indication for the
      procedure was established in 76% of the cases; in an additional 15%,
      abnormalities relevant to a secondary indication were found. Findings were normal
      in 9% of the cases. The bronchoscope was most useful in the evaluation of
      patients who had stridor, atelectasis, persistent wheezing, or a suspected
      foreign body for which there was insufficient evidence to warrant open-tube
      bronchoscopy, and for patients who had tracheostomies. The high diagnostic yield
      and low complication rate strongly support the use of the flexible bronchoscope
      in the diagnostic evaluation of infants and children who have a variety of
      pulmonary problems.

PMID- 4069808
TI  - Exponential analysis of the lung pressure-volume curve in newborn mammals.
AB  - The compliance of the lung (per unit of lung weight) is less in newborn mammals
      than in adults. This could result from a smaller volume of airspaces per unit
      weight and/or a lower lung distensibility. The isolated role of lung
      distensibility was evaluated by using a mathematical description of the pressure
      volume (P-V) curve during lung deflation. Deflation limbs of static P-V curves in
      newborns of six species (four experimentally obtained and two taken from the
      literature) ranging from total lung capacity to the resting volume (Vr) were
      fitted by a monoexponential function of the type V = B - Ae-KP, where B equals
      Vmax at infinite P, A equals the difference between Vmax and V at P = O, and K is
      a constant representing lung distensibility. Unlike in adults, in newborns the
      monoexponential fitting provided an adequate description of the P-V curve for
      only a relatively small range of transpulmonary pressure (from P at Vr to 10-15
      cm H2O). The K value of this portion of the curve was similar among species but
      higher than in adult mammals, averaging 0.240 cm H2O-1. This suggests a similar
      lung structure in the different species. Since lung distensibility in newborns is
      larger than in adults, the fact that a unit mass of lung in the newborn is less
      compliant should be due to the smaller volume of its airspaces.

PMID- 4069809
TI  - Breathing pattern of neonates during nonnutritive sucking.
AB  - Alteration of the breathing pattern seen during oral feeding has been attributed
      to the behavioral activity of sucking, repeated swallowing, and laryngeal
      chemoreceptor stimulation. Because it preserves the behavioral activity of
      sucking but eliminates the laryngeal chemoreceptor stimulation and repeated
      swallowing that occurs during nutritive sucking, the effects of nonnutritive
      sucking was evaluated in 19 term infants. The suck-pause pattern seen during
      nonnutritive sucking is similar to that of nutritive sucking. None of the
      variables measured (inspiratory duration, expiratory duration, breathing
      frequency, and tidal volume) were significantly altered during the overall period
      of nonnutritive sucking when compared with previously obtained control values.
      These results suggest that the alteration of breathing pattern observed during
      oral feeding cannot be accounted for by the behavioral activity of sucking per
      se. However, when the sucking phases of the nonnutritive period were compared
      with the intervening pauses, a reduction in the expiratory duration (P less than
      0.05) and a reduction in tidal volume (P less than 0.05) were observed. Thus, the
      breathing pattern of human neonates is indeed altered during the sucking phase of
      the nonnutritive period; pressure changes associated with sucking may account for
      this alteration.

PMID- 4069810
TI  - Apnea and periodic breathing in normal full-term infants during the first twelve
      months.
AB  - The pediatric pneumogram is a frequently used tool in the diagnosis and
      management of apnea during infancy. We analyzed 287 pneumographic recordings from
      123 full-term infants (63 males) obtained during the first 12 months of life to
      establish normative values for apnea, periodic breathing, and bradycardia. The
      results of the analysis were compared by sex and age. The number of infants who
      exhibited periodic breathing decreased significantly over time (78% at 0-2 weeks
      vs 29% at 39-52 weeks; P less than 0.05). However, for those infants who did
      breathe periodically, the percent of sleep time spent in this breathing pattern
      did not change with age. No apnea greater than or equal to 15 seconds was
      recorded in any infant, and apnea density (total apnea greater than or equal to
      10 seconds in minutes/100 minutes sleep time) did not change with age or sex.
      Using our definitions, no bradycardia was identified. Normal full-term infants
      occasionally have apnea of 10, 11, or 12 seconds, and, until 6 months of age, the
      majority will have a small amount of periodic breathing (less than 1% of sleep
      time) during sleep at home.

PMID- 4069811
TI  - Cor pulmonale and interstitial pulmonary edema in a child with asthma.

PMID- 4069812
TI  - Pulmonary nodules with a cavity and intracranial mass: rare manifestations of
      childhood sarcoidosis.

PMID- 4069813
TI  - Increased dosage requirements of tobramycin and gentamicin for treating
      Pseudomonas pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic behavior of tobramycin and gentamicin was evaluated in 27
      patients who had cystic fibrosis (CF). A previously studied, age-matched group of
      334 patients who had been treated with gentamicin and who did not have CF served
      as controls. The CF patients, who ranged in age from 2 to 32 years and who had
      normal renal function, received 36 treatment courses with either tobramycin (19)
      or gentamicin (17) to treat Pseudomonas pneumonia. Serum concentrations were
      determined after a 1.5-mg/kg dose to compute half-life (t 1/2), elimination rate
      constant (k), and apparent volume of distribution (V). From these values, doses
      were calculated to produce steady-state peak concentrations of 8.0 micrograms/ml
      with a dosing interval of every six hours. For tobramycin the mean (+/- SD) t1/2
      was 1.0 (0.4) hours, V was 0.18 (0.06) l/kg, total body clearance (TBC) was 2.19
      (0.71) ml/min/kg, and the calculated dose was 8.2 (2.1) mg/kg/day. For gentamicin
      t1/2 was 1.1 (0.5) hours, V was 0.20 (0.06) l/kg, TBC was 2.28 (0.89) ml/min/kg,
      and the calculated dose was 8.8 (2.4) mg/kg/day. The pharmacokinetic parameters
      were not statistically different between the two drugs, but the mean values of
      t1/2 and TBC of CF patients differed significantly from those of the control
      group. The calculated doses were larger than the manufacturer's maximum
      recommended dose of 7.5 mg/kg/day for 63% of tobramycin and 71% of gentamicin
      treatment courses. A dosing interval change to every four hours would have been
      appropriate in 28 of the 36 treatment courses (78%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4069814
TI  - Clinical applications of ultrathin flexible bronchoscopes.
AB  - Three different models of ultrathin flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopes (1.8, 2.3,
      and 2.7 mm in diameter) were used in 190 examinations of pediatric patients.
      These instruments facilitate clinical procedures and evaluations that are
      difficult if not impossible with previous bronchoscopes. New applications include
      endoscopic transnasal intubation with endotracheal tubes as small as 3.0 mm (ID),
      inspection of the upper lobe segments in infants weighing less than 2.5 kg, and
      evaluation of the lower airways through endotracheal tubes as small as 2.5 mm
      (ID) or tracheostomy tubes as small as no. 00 (3.1 mm ID). Although these
      instruments have no suction channel and are thus incapable of removing airway
      secretions or obtaining specimens, they are extremely useful for many clinical
      purposes in infants and young children.

PMID- 4069815
TI  - The forced oscillation technique in children with respiratory disease.
AB  - The single-frequency forced oscillation technique was used to estimate the total
      respiratory impedance, resistance, and reactance at 2, 4, and 12 Hz of children
      who had cricoid stenosis (CS; n = 11), provoked bronchoconstriction (PB; n = 6),
      or cystic fibrosis (CF; n = 13). The selection criteria for patients who had CS
      and CF were abnormal forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV!) and/or maximal
      expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity (Vmax 50%). Sixteen of the 17 patients who
      had CS or PB were found to have resistance (Rrs) values outside the normal range
      at 4 Hz; at 2 Hz, 14 were found to have abnormal values and, at 12 Hz, only 9.
      The reactance in the CS and PB groups was somewhat less discriminative than Rrs
      at all frequencies. Of the 13 patients who had CF, only 4 had abnormal Rrs
      values; in this clinical condition, the reactance at 2 Hz was the most
      discriminative variable, being abnormal in 6 of the 13 patients. Irrespective of
      the clinical group, the Rrs was, in absolute terms, highest at 2 Hz, and it
      decreased with increasing frequency. This pattern of negative frequency
      dependence was, however, not obviously specific for any of the tested clinical
      conditions and offered no information in addition to a single low-frequency
      determination.

PMID- 4069816
TI  - Proximal high-frequency jet ventilation of the newborn.
AB  - During a 14-month period 11 preterm infants were treated with high-frequency jet
      ventilation for severe respiratory failure that had been unresponsive to
      conventional mechanical ventilation. Primary indications included intractable air
      leaks (pulmonary interstitial emphysema, pneumothorax, or both), congenital
      diaphragmatic hernia, and progressive pneumonia. The Sechrist 990 HFV respirator,
      a solenoid-driven, pulse-generated high frequency jet ventilator, was used. This
      device delivers a volume of gas at a controlled pressure to a jet located in the
      patient connector proximal to a standard single lumen endotracheal tube. The
      ventilator was operated in tandem with a Sechrist IV-100B ventilator to provide a
      sigh effect and to improve humidification. Although only 3 of 11 patients
      survived, 9 displayed short-term benefits from HFJV with significant reduction in
      mean airway pressure and improvement in mean arterial blood pressure, and no
      concomitant adverse effects on oxygenation or ventilation. Preliminary results
      suggest short-term benefits of HFJV in infants who have severe respiratory
      failure that is unresponsive to conventional mechanical ventilation.

PMID- 4069817
TI  - Cardiorespiratory response to physical conditioning in children with bronchial
      asthma.
AB  - The relationship of physical conditioning to changes in static lung volumes
      (hyperinflation) and airway dynamics (bronchoconstriction) as well as to
      ventilatory gas exchange, heart rate reserve, breathing reserves, and working
      capacity at a heart rate of 170/min (WC 170) was evaluated in 23 children (16
      girls, 7 boys) between 6 and 15 years of age who had perennial asthma. Lung
      function tests including incremental cycle ergooxymetry were performed before and
      after a 15-week period of regular physical training (RPT). Lung function data
      obtained after RPT showed a significant improvement (P less than 0.05) in both
      hyperinflation and specific airway conductance, whereas oxygen consumption only
      increased related to lean body mass and heart rate. However, WC 170 and work
      tolerance during the endurance phase of the exercise test were significantly
      increased (P less than 0.05 and less than 0.01, respectively). In view of the
      relationship that has recently been found between exercise tolerance and lung
      mechanics in adults, the decreased hyperinflation and bronchoconstriction
      observed in our population after RPT is striking. This finding was presumably a
      consequence of the effect of RPT on breathing technique and chest wall mechanics.
      Ventilation of the lungs may improve because of mobilization of the
      costovertebral articulations, inspiratory muscle relaxation, an optimized force
      length relationship of the respiratory muscles, and closer linkage between the
      diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Therefore, RPT might be an effective addition
      to standard drug regimens in the management of childhood asthma.

PMID- 4069818
TI  - Hypereosinophilic mucoid impaction of bronchi in two children under two years of
      age.

PMID- 4069819
TI  - On pulmonary epithelial permeability.

PMID- 4069820
TI  - Evaluation of recent research grant applications to the National Institutes of
      Health in the area of pediatric nephrology.
AB  - To assess the National Institutes of Health extramural activity in the area of
      pediatric nephrology research, the rate of submission of grant applications to
      the National Institutes of Health and available indicators of the quality of
      these applications were analyzed. This was accomplished by utilizing the grant
      application files of the Division of Research Grants' Statistics and Analysis
      Branch with the help of the Reports, Analysis and Presentation Section.
      Applications reviewed during the period 1980-1983 (May 1980 to January 1984
      Council dates) were evaluated, and data from the 10 Study Sections most
      frequently involved with the review of nephrology applications were tabulated.
      Results showed that the number of pediatric nephrology applications submitted was
      quite low, whereas the approval rate was good for those that were submitted.

PMID- 4069821
TI  - Transfer of riboflavin by the perfused human placenta.
AB  - The transfer of radioactive riboflavin across the human term placenta has been
      studied in an in vitro perfusion system. The clearance index (clearance
      riboflavin:clearance antipyrine) toward the fetus averaged 0.69 and the transfer
      index (clearance riboflavin:clearance L-glucose) averaged 3.40. The respective
      indices in the reverse direction were 0.25 and 0.87. Stepwise increases in the
      concentration of riboflavin in the maternal perfusate were associated with
      parallel increases in transfer rates, expressed as ng/min, up to concentrations
      approximating 100 ng/ml. Above that concentration, the transfer rates continued
      to increase at a slower rate. Concurrently, there was a reduction of the transfer
      index from 2.7 to 1.1 at 1000 ng/ml. With the fetal circulation closed, the
      placenta established a gradient toward the fetus over a period of 150 min of 1.7.
      The transferred radioactivity was identified as riboflavin by high-performance
      liquid chromatography, whereas that retained within the placenta was metabolized
      to flavin mononucleotide (33-75%). The observations indicate a very effective
      active transport system directed toward the fetus which is limited in capacity to
      low concentrations of riboflavin.

PMID- 4069822
TI  - The role of glucocorticoids in the postnatal development of ileal active bile
      salt transport.
AB  - The role of glucocorticoids in the regulation of the postnatal development of
      ileal active bile salt transport was examined in the rat using the villus
      technique. Ileal taurocholate uptake was initially by passive transport alone on
      day 14 and 16 which changed to an active and passive transport mechanism at 18
      days which persisted thereafter. The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km, mM) was
      unchanged between days 18 (0.67 +/- 0.12 mM), 20 (0.84 +/- 0.25 mM), 21 (0.49 +/-
      0.05 mM), 28 (0.59 +/- 0.06 mM), and 49 (0.50 +/- 0.05 mM) whereas the apparent
      maximal velocity nmol/mg(dry wt)/min declined after a peak at 18 days (18.17 +/-
      1.92 on day 18, 16.14 +/- 1.89 on day 20, 14.65 +/- 0.52 on day 21, 11.40 +/-
      0.35 on day 28, and 10.51 +/- 0.32 on day 49). Adrenalectomy performed in
      sucklings on day 14 with taurocholate transport studies on day 21 and in adults
      on day 42 studied on day 49 resulted in reductions in uptake at most study
      concentrations but no change in the Km (1.33 +/- 0.54 in sucklings and 0.75 +/-
      0.14 mM in adults) or apparent maximal velocity [11.78 +/- 2.06 in sucklings and
      9.24 +/- 0.65 nmol/mg (dry wt)/min in adults]. Treatment of sucklings with
      corticosterone (5 mg/100 g body weight) on days 10-13 with study on day 14 and 16
      did not produce precocious development of ileal active taurocholate transport;
      however, corticosterone treatment led to apparent increases in ileal permeability
      to taurocholate in both sucklings and adults. Glucocorticoids appear to play a
      minor, if any, role in the physiologic postnatal development of ileal active bile
      salt transport.

PMID- 4069823
TI  - Sleep-waking shifts and cerebral blood flow in stable preterm infants.
AB  - Cerebral blood flow was estimated on 60 occasions in 15 well infants, 29-34 wk of
      gestational age, 5-17 days after birth, using 133-Xenon clearance after
      intravenous injection. The sleep state of the infants was determined by
      biparietal electroencephalography, clinical observation, and tracings of heart
      rate and respiration. Blood flow was 22% higher in the 11 estimations made during
      wakefulness, when compared to the 17 estimations made during quiet sleep. There
      was no difference between blood flow in active and quiet sleep. Also there was no
      difference between blood flow during periods of trace alternant and blood flow
      during periods of continuous electroencephalographic activity. It is suggested
      that flow-metabolism coupling is present in stable, preterm infants. The absence
      of an increase in cerebral blood flow during active sleep as compared with quiet
      sleep suggests that the neurophysiologic and neurometabolic mechanisms of rapid
      eye movement sleep are not yet fully developed in preterm infants.

PMID- 4069824
TI  - Effects of indomethacin upon cerebral hemodynamics of newborn pigs.
AB  - Treatment of unanesthetized newborn pigs with indomethacin trihydrate (5 +/- 1
      mg/kg, intravenous) decreased cerebral blood flow uniformly throughout the brain
      by 18-28% without changing cardiac output, arterial pressure, or arterial blood
      gases and pH. Breathing 10% O2, 9% CO2 with the balance N2 (hypoxia/hypercapnia)
      caused cerebral blood flow to increase from 102 +/- 12 to 218 +/- 19 ml/100 g .
      min. Intravenous administration of indomethacin during hypoxia/hypercapnia caused
      a uniform decrease in cerebral flow throughout the brain to levels (94 +/- 5
      ml/100 g . min) indistinguishable from those when the piglet was breathing
      ambient air. Further, 2.5 h later, the cerebral hyperemia caused by
      hypoxia/hypercapnia was attenuated markedly (129 +/- 19 ml/100 g . min). Vehicle
      treatment did not alter resting cerebral blood flow or cerebral hyperemia in
      response to hypoxia/hypercapnia. Measurements of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha,
      thromboxane B2, and prostaglandin E2 demonstrated that intravenously administered
      indomethacin crossed the blood-brain barrier of newborn pigs in sufficient
      quantity to inhibit prostanoid release into the cerebrospinal fluid passing over
      the surface of the brain. The mechanism by which indomethacin reduces cerebral
      blood flow and attenuates cerebral hyperemia cannot be determined from the
      present experiments. We conclude that intravenous administration of indomethacin
      decreases cerebral blood flow and attenuates cerebral hyperemia induced by
      severe, combined hypoxia/hypercapnia in newborn pigs.

PMID- 4069825
TI  - Lysosomal cystine storage in cystinosis and mucolipidosis type II.
AB  - Cultured fibroblasts from mucolipidosis II (ML-II) patients demonstrated an
      elevated cystine content which increased with time in culture compared to
      fibroblasts from cystinotic patients or normal controls under the same
      conditions. In both cystinotic and ML-II cells the increased levels of cystine
      could be derived either from endogenous proteolysis or from in vitro
      supplementation of the cultured cells with cysteine-glutathione mixed disulfide.
      Cystine was depleted from both cell types by cysteamine. When cysteamine was
      replaced with complete medium, the cystine reaccumulated in both cystinotic and
      ML-II cells within 24 h, although a lag of 4 h was seen with ML-II cells. The
      intracellular location of the increased cystine in cultured fibroblasts was
      examined utilizing free-flow electrophoresis and found to be in the purified
      population of secondary lysosomes of both cystinotic and ML-II cells. White blood
      cell and hepatic cystine, which was greatly increased in cystinotic patients, was
      not elevated in ML-II patients. Compared to normal control fibroblasts the efflux
      of cystine from isolated granular fractions was virtually absent in cystinotic
      fibroblasts and considerably reduced in ML-II fibroblasts. The examination of
      such similarities and differences in cystine accumulation and transport in
      tissues from cystinotic and ML-II patients has provided some insight into the
      defects in these diseases.

PMID- 4069826
TI  - Development maturation of riboflavin intestinal transport in the rat.
AB  - The intestinal transport of riboflavin in the immature intestine of the suckling
      rat (14 day old) and its subsequent maturation in weanling (22 day old) and adult
      (90 day old) rats were investigated using the intestinal everted sac technique.
      The mucosal-to-serosal transport of 0.5 microM riboflavin was linear with time
      for 30-min incubation and occurred at a rate of 4.6, 3.6, and 1.6 pmol/g initial
      tissue wet wt/min in suckling, weanling, and adult rats, respectively. The
      transport of 0.5 microM riboflavin was higher in the jejunum than the ileum in
      all age groups. The transport system of riboflavin in all age groups was
      saturable, energy-, temperature-, and Na+-dependent. Kinetic parameters of the
      transport process were different. Apparent Kt of the transport process was the
      same in suckling and weanling rats (0.12 and 0.11 microM, respectively) but
      tripled in adult rats (0.35 microM). On the other hand, a progressive decrease in
      Vmax from 166 to 122 to 54 pmol/g initial tissue wet weight/30 min was observed
      in the suckling, weanling, and adult rats, respectively. The present study
      demonstrates that the characteristics of the transport process of riboflavin is
      similar in suckling, weanling, and adult rats and occurs by an energy-,
      temperature-, and Na+-dependent carrier-mediated process. However, the affinity
      and the activity (or the number) of the transport carriers of riboflavin decrease
      with maturation.

PMID- 4069827
TI  - Phosphate uptake by syncytial brush border membranes of human placenta.
AB  - Human placental brush border membranes were obtained from full-term normal
      vaginal deliveries. A sodium dependent transport system for phosphate was
      identified in these membranes. In the presence of a sodium gradient, at pH 7, T
      degree 35 degrees C, the apparent Km and Vmax were 86.5 +/- 24 microM and 1.9 +/-
      0.18 nmol mg-1 30 s-1. The apparent Km was pH dependent, increasing to 500 +/- 55
      microM when the pH was elevated to 8.5. At low substrate concentration, the
      optimal uptake was obtained at pH 7.0. Both monovalent and divalent forms of
      phosphate were transported so that alteration in the transport by pH is believed
      to be the result of a direct action on the transport system. Finally, sodium
      levels in the incubation medium dramatically influenced phosphate uptake by
      increasing the maximal velocity without modifying the affinity for the substrate.
      This active transport through the placental brush border membranes is believed to
      be at the origin of the maternal-fetal gradient of phosphate observed during
      pregnancy.

PMID- 4069828
TI  - Congenital acatalasemia: a study of neutrophil functions after provocation with
      hydrogen peroxide.
AB  - Five Swiss subjects with hereditary acatalasemia (4 homo-, 1 heterozygous) were
      studied by a series of neutrophil function tests. H2O2 was added to a
      polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocyte-suspension to produce a metabolic stress;
      neutrophil functions related to membrane deformation were subsequently found to
      be depressed, i.e., chemotaxis, membrane potential, and chemiluminescence. This
      mechanism might be one pathogenetic factor in the formation of mucosal ulcers in
      acatalasemic individuals.

PMID- 4069829
TI  - Nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides in young and adult rats.
AB  - The nephrotoxicity of gentamicin and amikacin was evaluated comparatively in
      young and adult rats. The aminoglycosides were administered once daily for 14
      days, gentamicin in a dose of either 20 or 60 mg/kg, and amikacin in a dose of
      either 60 or 180 mg/kg. Renal function was measured during and after treatment.
      In adult rats there was a dose dependent fall in the glomerular filtration rate
      which was preceded by histopathological changes in the proximal tubules. The
      nephrotoxicity of gentamicin was more severe than that of amikacin. The
      nephrotoxicity of either aminoglycoside was less severe in young rats than in
      adult rats. In the proximal tubules there were less histopathological changes in
      young rats than in the adult rats. The mechanism underlying this difference in
      nephrotoxicity was investigated by measuring the renal accumulation of gentamicin
      and amikacin. The renal uptake after the first dose of either aminoglycoside was
      similar in young and adult rats. Expressed as a percentage of the injected
      amount, the uptake decreased as the aminoglycoside dosage increased. The uptake
      of gentamicin was somewhat greater than that of amikacin. In young rats, the
      aminoglycoside concentration in total kidney as well as in renal cortex, was
      significantly less than in adult rats. This difference was due to the larger wet
      kidney weight relative to body weight in the young rats. The lower renal
      aminoglycoside levels in the young rats provide an explanation for the difference
      observed in aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity when comparing young and adult rats.

PMID- 4069830
TI  - Gastrointestinal blood flow and O2 uptake in piglets: recovery from hypoxemia.
AB  - Gastrointestinal (GI) blood flow, O2 transport, and O2 uptake were measured
      during recovery from severe hypoxemia in newborn piglets. Hypoxemia was induced
      by lowering the inspired O2 concentration to 0.05 for 15 min. This resulted in an
      82% decrease in GI O2 uptake. Recovery measurements were obtained 5 and 65 min
      after restoration of normoxia. During early recovery (5 min), GI O2 uptake
      increased above prehypoxemia baseline, presumably to "repay" the O2 deficit
      incurred during hypoxemia. This was mediated by an increase in the arteriovenous
      O2 content difference, as GI blood flow did not increase above prehypoxemia
      baseline. During late recovery (65 min), GI blood flow, O2 delivery, and
      arteriovenous O2 content difference decreased below prehypoxemia baseline. This
      resulted in a 52% decrease in GI O2 uptake below prehypoxemia baseline.
      Therefore, early recovery was characterized by an appropriate increase in GI O2
      uptake; however, late recovery was characterized by a significant reduction in GI
      O2 transport and uptake. Circulatory homeostasis was not reestablished during the
      late recovery period.

PMID- 4069831
TI  - Influence of an antagonist of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis on the
      cardiovascular manifestations of hypoxia in piglets.
AB  - Leukotrienes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypoxic pulmonary
      hypertension in adult animals and in persistent pulmonary hypertension with
      accompanying hypoxemia in the neonate. In order to elucidate the role of
      leukotrienes in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in a young animal model, the
      effects of a leukotriene antagonist, FPL 57231, were evaluated in anesthetized
      piglets. Cardiac output and vascular pressures were measured and pulmonary and
      systemic vascular resistances calculated prior to and during hypoxia. These
      measurements were compared during continued hypoxia between a control and
      treatment group which received FPL 57231. FPL 57231 infusion resulted in
      significant decreases in mean pulmonary artery pressure (p less than 0.04),
      pulmonary vascular resistance (p less than 0.01) and the ratio of
      pulmonary/systemic vascular resistance (p less than 0.01). Systemic vascular
      resistance fell approximately 25% from hypoxic baseline (p less than 0.01) while
      PVR decreased 54%. There were no differences between groups in mean systemic
      arterial pressure, cardiac output, pH, or PaCO2. In addition, pretreatment with
      FPL 57231 attenuated the hemodynamic response to hypoxia. These data suggest that
      leukotrienes may, in part, mediate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in piglets.

PMID- 4069832
TI  - Responses of newborn pig pial arteries to sympathetic nervous stimulation and
      exogenous norepinephrine.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine responses of pial arteries of newborn
      pigs to stimulation of sympathetic nerves and to exogenous norepinephrine. In the
      cerebral circulation, pial arteries are important resistance vessels. Diameters
      of pial arteries in anesthetized piglets, aged 1-6 days, were determined using
      the "closed" cranial window method. Electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral
      superior cervical ganglion (16 Hz; 2.5 msec; 10 V) reduced pial arterial diameter
      from 219 +/- 13 microns (mean +/- SEM) to 190 +/- 12 micron (n = 16) (p less than
      0.05) without affecting arterial blood pressure. Pial arterial constriction
      during nerve stimulation was sustained over the 5-min stimulation period.
      Following cessation of stimulation, diameters returned to control levels.
      Exogenous norepinephrine in artificial cerebrospinal fluid constricted pial
      arteries from 149 +/- 19 to 133 +/- 18 microns at 2 X 10(-6) M (p less than 0.05)
      and from 159 +/- 20 to 123 +/- 16 microns at 2 X 10(-4) M (p less than 0.05) (18
      arteries from nine piglets). Pial arterial responses to nerve stimulation and
      exogenous norepinephrine were not dependent on initial size of the vessels. The
      results of this study establish the existence of functional sympathetic
      innervation in the cerebral circulation at birth in pigs.

PMID- 4069834
TI  - Cell motility of fetal hepatocytes in short-term culture.
AB  - The motility of freshly isolated fetal rat hepatocytes using time-lapse
      cinemicroscopy was documented and the fetal liver was stained by the DACH-HMM
      method for F-actin. This approach allowed direct correlation of cellular activity
      with the distribution of cytoplasmic actin filaments. The fetal liver cells were
      highly active, and showed ruffling, pseudopodia, and random forceful movements
      which caused the cells to pull apart from each other. The behavior of these cells
      differed markedly from that of adult liver cells which remain cohesive and show
      orderly contractions of bile canaliculi. Cytoplasmic actin in fetal hepatocytes
      lacked the predominantly pericanalicular distribution observed in adult cells.
      Random spontaneous cellular contraction and locomotion of fetal liver cells give
      way during maturation to orderly, forceful contractions of bile canaliculi in
      fully differentiated cells and is accompanied by a redistribution of the cellular
      actin. These finding collectively suggest a correlation between actin filament
      distribution, hepatocellular development, and functional maturation.

PMID- 4069833
TI  - Gas exchange during exercise in children with thalassemia major and Diamond
      Blackfan anemia.
AB  - The two main goals of this study were: to determine how O2 uptake, ventilation,
      and CO2 production during exercise were acutely affected by transfusion in
      children with congenital anemia (thalassemia major and Diamond-Blackfan syndrome)
      requiring hypertransfusion and chelation therapy and to compare gas exchange
      responses to exercise of the anemic patients to normal values. Thirteen patients
      (age range 7-27) performed cycle ergometry with a progressively increasing work
      rate. Gas exchange was measured breath-by-breath. Tests were done before and
      after routine transfusion (mean increase in hematocrit 22%). The results were
      compared to 10 age-matched normal children who performed the same protocol on two
      occasions separated by a 2-day interval, and to the results of 109 normal
      children studied in this laboratory. Transfusion resulted in: a small, but
      significant increase in the anaerobic threshold (9%) and an increase in the slope
      of the relationship between O2-uptake and heart rates. Despite these
      improvements, the majority of the patients had abnormally low values of maximal
      O2 uptake, anaerobic threshold, and slope of the O2 uptake-heart rate
      relationship. The abnormalities were more marked in the older patients.
      Measurement of gas exchange during exercise may be helpful in determining an
      optimal hematocrit for patients on hypertransfusion regimens.

PMID- 4069835
TI  - [Value of a newly detected immunological marker (autoantibodies against the
      endomysium of smooth muscles of the digestive tract of the IgA-/IgA-EmA class in
      the diagnosis and control of treatment of celiac disease and gluten-dependent
      dermatitis herpetiformis].

PMID- 4069836
TI  - [Evaluation of the enzymatic activity of the mucosa of the small intestine in
      rats].

PMID- 4069837
TI  - [Changes in the enzymatic activity of the mucosa of the small intestine in rats
      after administration of neomycin and rhodomycin].

PMID- 4069838
TI  - [Release of pancreatic polypeptide after administration of cholecystokinin in
      children with mucoviscidosis].

PMID- 4069839
TI  - [Usefulness of determining bile acids in the differential diagnosis of bile duct
      obstruction and neonatal hepatitis].

PMID- 4069840
TI  - [Chronic gastritis in children].

PMID- 4069841
TI  - [Duodenal microflora in the etiopathogenesis of chronic diarrhea].

PMID- 4069842
TI  - [Determining methemoglobin level in infants with acute diarrhea].

PMID- 4069843
TI  - [Progressive intrahepatic cholestasis in 2 infants].

PMID- 4069844
TI  - 1984 milk-feeding patterns in the United States.
AB  - This paper presents results of surveys conducted continuously during a period of
      years to assess the trend in the incidence of breast-feeding. From 1955 to 1984,
      questionnaires were mailed to a large nationally representative sample of mothers
      to determine the use of various milks for feeding infants during the first 6
      months of life. Data from these surveys demonstrated the resurgence of breast
      feeding both in incidence and duration through 1982. From 1982 through 1984,
      these increases continued but at a markedly reduced level.

PMID- 4069845
TI  - American Academy of Pediatrics. Smokeless tobacco--a carcinogenic hazard to
      children. Committee on Environmental Hazards.

PMID- 4069846
TI  - Epidemiology of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

PMID- 4069847
TI  - Flying, peanuts, and crying babies.

PMID- 4069848
TI  - Bifid uvula.

PMID- 4069849
TI  - Hepatitis B immunoprophylaxis of low-birth-weight infants.

PMID- 4069850
TI  - Penny eaters beware!

PMID- 4069851
TI  - Are granulocyte transfusions of value in septic neonates without neutrophil
      storage pool depletion?

PMID- 4069852
TI  - Health hazards of cow's milk.

PMID- 4069853
TI  - Normal cerebrospinal fluid values.

PMID- 4069854
TI  - Annual summary of vital statistics--1984.

PMID- 4069855
TI  - Hospital influences on early infant-feeding practices.
AB  - Newborn nursery nursing staff members were surveyed to determine their attitudes
      and teaching practices regarding breast- and bottle-feeding. Concurrently,
      mothers using this nursery responded to a structured interview concerning their
      infant-feeding practices at 14 to 21 days postpartum and possible hospital
      influences on these practices. The nursing staff strongly advocated breast
      feeding and did not favor specific bottle-feeding practices or products. Nursing
      staff counseling was generally interpreted by mothers as supporting breast
      feeding, but this did not deter a large proportion of mothers who stated an
      initial preference for breast-feeding from introducing formula as a supplementary
      or exclusive form of infant feeding during the short study period. Almost all
      mothers doing any amount of bottle-feeding at the time of their interview were
      using the same formula brand and a ready-to-feed preparation used during their
      hospital stay. Other influences on mother's infant-feeding patterns are
      discussed. It is concluded that the hospital staff and routines exerted a
      stronger influence on mothers' infant-feeding practices by nonverbal teaching
      (the hospital "modeling" of infant formula products) than by verbal teaching
      (counseling supporting breast-feeding). Future studies might explore new ways of
      supporting mothers who desire to breast-feed by designing innovative hospital
      routines to model breast-feeding rather than feeding by infant formula.

PMID- 4069856
TI  - Insomnia and cow's milk allergy in infants.
AB  - A group of eight infants (six boys and two girls, 7 to 46 weeks of age) is
      reported, in whom a causal relationship between cow's milk allergy and chronic
      sleeplessness was suspected. They were referred because of waking and crying
      episodes that had occurred since the early days of life during sleep hours.
      During an average night, they slept about 4.5 hours and woke their parents about
      five times. They cried a lot during the day and were described as fussy. Two
      infants had been treated with phenothiazine without improvement. No cause for
      chronic insomnia was found during a standard medical and psychologic workup. An
      all-night polygraphic recording confirmed the disrupted sleep pattern of these
      infants, as compared with that of normal infants, and excluded further causes of
      arousals. Due to a clinical suspicion of atopy, the infants were further
      subjected to a series of allergy tests. IgE levels were shown to be elevated in
      each child, and radioallergosorbent tests were positive for cow's milk protein.
      The infants were than fed exclusively with a hydrolyzed milk protein mixture for
      4 weeks. Sleep normalized within 2 weeks in every infant: night sleep increased
      to a median of 10 hours, and the awakenings only occurred occasionally. In four
      infants less than 6 months of age, cow's milk was reintroduced in the diet, and
      within 1 week all four became severely sleepless. Cow's milk was again excluded
      from the diet and the babies' sleep behaviors were again normalized. It is
      concluded that, when no evident cause for sleeplessness can be found in an
      infant, the possibility of milk allergy should be given serious consideration.

PMID- 4069857
TI  - Consistency and change in the development of premature infants weighing less than
      1,501 grams at birth.
AB  - Ninety-four infants with birth weights less than 1,501 g were evaluated on
      neurologic functioning and mental abilities at 1 year and, again, at 3 to 4 years
      of age. Results of the examination showed high correspondence in neurologic
      status and in mental ability between infancy and the preschool period,
      particularly for children who were diagnosed as clearly normal or abnormal at 1
      year. In addition, poorer performance in a test of infant mental ability (which
      relies primarily on sensorimotor skills), in motor skills, and in neurologic
      functioning, respectively, were linked to lower IQ, difficulties in expressive
      language, and articulation deficits at the preschool age. Socioeconomic status
      predicted 3-year IQ scores and changes in mental ability scores but was not a
      factor in determining either preschool age neurologic status or changes in
      neurologic status in the children studied. Socioeconomic status of the children
      was less predictive of preschool outcome than results of the 1-year examinations.

PMID- 4069858
TI  - Impact of an intermittent catheterization program on children with
      myelomeningocele.
AB  - Among 164 children being followed in a myelomeningocele clinic, 85 (52%) are on
      an intermittent catheterization program (ICP). Among 53 children on ICP for 5
      years or more, a high percentage have achieved satisfactory dryness, decreased
      frequency of urinary tract infection, and improvement in renal status. The
      potential for improved well-being afforded by ICP is one factor that should be
      considered in decisions about "active" or "supportive" treatment in newborn
      infants with myelomeningocele.

PMID- 4069859
TI  - Effects of neonatal polycythemia and partial exchange transfusion on cardiac
      function: an echocardiographic study.
AB  - Although infants with neonatal polycythemia and hyperviscosity often present with
      cardiorespiratory distress, little information is available regarding the cardiac
      function of such babies before or after partial exchange transfusion. To assess
      cardiac function, we performed M-mode echocardiograms in 19 asymptomatic newborn
      infants (4 to 12 hours of age) who had venous hematocrits greater than 65%. The
      echocardiograms were performed immediately prior to and following partial
      exchange transfusion and were repeated at 48 hours of age. Eighteen matched
      newborn controls also underwent echocardiography within the first 12 hours of
      life and again at 48 hours. Polycythemic newborns had elevated right ventricular
      preejection period to right ventricular ejection time ratios compared with
      controls (0.46 +/- 0.11 v 0.37 +/- 0.04, P = .002), suggestive of increased
      pulmonary vascular resistance. These indexes normalized following partial
      exchange transfusion. In addition, the polycythemic newborns were relatively
      bradycardic prior to exchange (116 +/- 13 beats per minute v 125 +/- 16 beats per
      minute, P less than .05), but heart rates normalized following the procedure. At
      48 hours, the polycythemic and control groups were different only in that the
      mean shortening fraction of the polycythemic group was lower than that of the
      controls (32% +/- 4% v 36% +/- 6%, P = .02). The findings are consistent with
      elevated pulmonary vascular resistance associated with polycythemia and
      hyperviscosity. Cardiac output may be lower in polycythemic infants. The finding
      of reduced fractional shortening in polycythemic infants at 48 hours following
      partial exchange transfusion is unexplained.

PMID- 4069860
TI  - Cardiac output changes in newborns with hyperbilirubinemia treated with
      phototherapy.
AB  - Phototherapy is known to increase peripheral blood flow in neonates, but
      information on the associated cardiovascular effects is not available. Using
      pulsed Doppler echocardiography we evaluated cardiac output and stroke volume in
      12 preterm and 13 term neonates during and after phototherapy. We concomitantly
      measured arterial limb blood flow by strain gauge plethysmography and skin blood
      flow by photoplethysmography. Cardiac output decreased by 6% due to reduced
      stroke volume during phototherapy, whereas total limb blood flow and skin blood
      flow increased by 38% and 41%, respectively. Peripheral blood flow increments
      tended to be higher in the preterm than in the term infants. The reduced stroke
      volume during phototherapy may be an expression of reduced activity of the
      newborn during phototherapy. For healthy neonates the reduction in cardiac output
      is minimal, but for sick infants with reduced cardiac output, this reduction may
      further aggravate the decrease in tissue perfusion.

PMID- 4069861
TI  - Cardiovascular collapse in infants: association with paroxysmal atrial
      tachycardia.
AB  - Four infants, aged 16 to 28 days (mean 23 days), were seen in the emergency room
      with acute cardiovascular collapse and with normal heart rate and rhythm. During
      evaluation for cardiovascular collapse, no infant had sepsis; cardiac assessment
      revealed normal intracardiac anatomy but global cardiac chamber enlargement and
      poor left ventricular systolic function, which resolved with supportive
      treatment. However, three of the four infants demonstrated ventricular
      preexcitation on their surface electrocardiogram and, subsequently, two infants
      had transient episodes of tachycardia. During a transesophageal pacing study to
      evaluate inducibility and electrophysiologic characteristics of tachycardia,
      sustained tachycardia was initiated in all four infants. Reentrant tachycardia
      used an accessory atrioventricular connection as evidenced by the presence of
      preexcitation during sinus rhythm (three infants), the ability to initiate and
      terminate tachycardia by programmed electrical stimulation (four infants),
      minimum ventriculoatrial interval recorded in the esophagus (V-Aeso) exceeded 70
      ms (four infants), transient bundle branch block during tachycardia prolonged the
      cycle length and the V-Aeso by 30 to 50 ms (three infants). Findings in these
      infants suggested prior episodes of prolonged tachycardia as the probable
      etiology of the cardiovascular collapse.

PMID- 4069862
TI  - The anus in the newborn.
AB  - The size of the anus is defined in newborns of varying weights. A plea is made
      for proper examination of the anus at birth.

PMID- 4069863
TI  - Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: differential effects of
      methylphenidate on impulsivity.
AB  - The impulsivity component of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity
      requires regulation because its effects interfere with children's school
      performance and persist into adulthood. The present investigation examined the
      effects of low to intermediate doses of methylphenidate on impulsivity (measured
      by the Matching Familiar Figures test, a primary index of cognitive tempo) in 14
      children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. The mean percentile
      error score in the highest dose (15 mg) group was significantly lower than those
      in placebo (P less than .01), 5-mg (P less than .01), and 10-mg (P less than .01)
      groups. Trend analysis revealed a linear relationship between dose and error
      score with total errors decreasing as dose increased. Changes in children's error
      scores were examined using both fixed-dose and milligram per kilogram data
      plotting methods. This work demonstrates the need to consider specific task and
      child characteristics while assessing the child's responsivity to
      psychostimulants across a range of safe doses and a variety of behavioral
      domains.

PMID- 4069864
TI  - Muscle involvement in progressive diaphyseal dysplasia.
AB  - Muscle involvement in progressive diaphyseal dysplasia was evaluated in five
      children, of whom four were members of one family. Age range was 2 to 10 years 9
      months, and mean age was 5.5 years. Evaluation included serum enzymes,
      electromyography, and muscle biopsy examined by light and electron microscopy.
      Serum enzymes were usually noncontributory. Electromyography revealed "myopathic
      pattern" in four of the five patients. Muscle biopsy specimens were taken from
      three of the five children, including two patients from one family, of whom one
      had normal electromyography, and one sporadic case. Examination of the biopsy
      specimens by light microscope was generally not useful, whereas electron
      microscopic examination revealed myopathic and vascular changes consisting of
      atrophy of isolated muscle fibers, accumulation of endomysial collagen fibrils,
      and thickening of the perivascular basement membrane. The main contribution of
      this study is to describe electron microscopic vascular changes in muscles that
      appear to be similar in familial and sporadic cases of progressive diaphyseal
      dysplasia.

PMID- 4069865
TI  - Recurrent bacterial meningitis: coronal thin-section cranial computed tomography
      to delineate anatomic defects.
AB  - Three patients with histories of recurrent bacterial meningitis were previously
      examined with skull and sinus radiographs, routine cranial computed tomography,
      intrathecal radioisotope tracer studies, and immunologic evaluation. None of
      these studies were diagnostic. Pneumococcal vaccine and prophylactic penicillin
      therapy were ineffective in preventing recurrent episodes in two cases. Thin
      section (2-mm) direct coronal computed cranial tomography demonstrated anatomic
      defects in all three patients. The use of metrizamide cisternography was not
      necessary to diagnose the defects. All patients had basiethmoidal encephaloceles
      which were repaired surgically. Direct coronal computed tomography offers a
      relatively easy noninvasive method for delineating anatomic abnormalities in
      patients with recurrent meningitis.

PMID- 4069866
TI  - Elevation in systemic blood pressure in the neonate during abdominal examination.

PMID- 4069867
TI  - Clinical manifestations of allergy related to breast- and cow's milk-feeding.

PMID- 4069868
TI  - Bromate poisoning from hair permanent preparations.

PMID- 4069869
TI  - Infantile myofibromatosis.

PMID- 4069870
TI  - Proteus syndrome: report of two cases with pelvic lipomatosis.

PMID- 4069871
TI  - Diffuse retinopathy following measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination.

PMID- 4069872
TI  - Where to now, Henry? A commentary on the battered child syndrome.

PMID- 4069873
TI  - Intrauterine growth retardation: adaptation or pathology?

PMID- 4069874
TI  - [Characteristics of the membrane-destabilizing processes in bronchial asthma in
      children based on data from studying the bronchial secretion].

PMID- 4069875
TI  - [Cellular and humoral immunity indices in drug allergy in children].

PMID- 4069876
TI  - [Clinico-immunological characteristics of peroral specific hyposensitization in
      hay fevers in children].

PMID- 4069877
TI  - [Method of determining thymomegaly in children].

PMID- 4069878
TI  - [Characteristics of the anamnesis, and the somatic and neuropsychic status of
      infants in the 1st year of life with thymomegaly].

PMID- 4069879
TI  - [Content of circulating thymic factor in the blood of healthy and sick infants in
      the 1st year of life].

PMID- 4069880
TI  - [Let us intensify our concern for orphans and children left without parental
      care].

PMID- 4069881
TI  - [Lipid peroxidation indices of children with obesity and its combination with
      biliary tract dyskinesia].

PMID- 4069882
TI  - [Protective functions of catalase and ascorbic acid in the corrective treatment
      of children with diabetes mellitus and obesity].

PMID- 4069883
TI  - [Changes in the diabetogenic factor activity in the blood plasma of children with
      diabetes mellitus resulting from systematic heparin administration].

PMID- 4069884
TI  - [Topography of the fatty tissue of infants in the 1st year of life trained to
      swim].

PMID- 4069885
TI  - [Morphotype characteristics and their structural analysis in girls born at term
      and prematurely].

PMID- 4069886
TI  - [Clinico-paraclinical characteristics of Wissler-Fanconi subsepsis].

PMID- 4069887
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of the skin lesion in systemic scleroderma in
      children].

PMID- 4069888
TI  - [Basic treatment principles and the outcome of chorea minor in children].

PMID- 4069889
TI  - [Use of endobronchial methods in the combined treatment of severe forms of acute
      stenosing laryngotracheobronchitis in children].

PMID- 4069890
TI  - [Physical development and morbidity in the 1st year of life of infants delivered
      by cesarean section].

PMID- 4069891
TI  - [Possible effect of chronic pyelonephritis in the pregnant woman on her progeny].

PMID- 4069892
TI  - [Immunological indices of children with acute respiratory viral diseases,
      pneumonia, thymomegaly and an x-ray detectable thymus gland].

PMID- 4069893
TI  - [Indices of the neutrophil cytochemical profile in chronic glomerulonephritis in
      children].

PMID- 4069894
TI  - [Dynamics of left ventricular myocardial function in 7- and 10-year-old children
      as affected by a static load].

PMID- 4069895
TI  - [Effect of sanatorium and health resort treatment on the immunological indices of
      children with rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 4069896
TI  - [Deontological aspects of medical genetic consultation in pediatric oncology].

PMID- 4069897
TI  - [Thibierge-Weissenbach syndrome--a variant of calcinosis--in systemic
      scleroderma].

PMID- 4069898
TI  - [Diagnostic importance of determining the E class of immunoglobulins in the
      saliva in food allergy in children].

PMID- 4069899
TI  - Responses of albino and hooded rats to various illumination choices in a six
      chambered alleyway.
AB  - To determine preferred illumination when multiple choices were simultaneously
      available, 10 different levels of illuminance (including darkness) were grouped
      into three overlapping ranges, each composed of six different choices. Subjects
      were permitted to move freely among six chambers in an enclosed alleyway for 48
      continuous hours. Entries and duration in each of the chambers served as the
      dependent variables. Five groups of seven animals each were tested. Hooded rats
      preferred darkness, 0.01 ft-c (0.11 lx) and 20 ft-c (215.2 lx) about equally;
      each albino group preferred the dimmest available illuminated choice, viz., 0.01
      ft-c (0.11 lx), 0.1 ft-c (1.08 lx), and 1.0 ft-c (10.76 lx); control rats
      distributed their time equally among all chambers. Activity of all groups
      reflected a typical circadian rhythm. These relative preferences for illumination
      contrast with absolute preference previously reported and perhaps reflect
      methodological differences.

PMID- 4069900
TI  - Verbal responses to two probes: language-impaired children.

PMID- 4069901
TI  - Helping new braille readers: effects of spacing, finger locus, and gloves.
AB  - Braille words (Exp. 1) and individual braille characters (Exp. 2) were touched by
      60 naive sighted observers while vision of the tangible patterns was excluded.
      The embossed code had to be matched against a visible representation of braille
      and letter equivalents. The reading of braille was aided by the use of large
      braille or standard braille with extra space inserted between characters. Reading
      was impaired when subjects were limited to the use of the fingerpad and were
      prohibited from employing the fingertip. Recognition was not altered by covering
      the hand with vinyl examination gloves. It was suggested that beginning braille
      readers might profit from extra space between the braille characters comprising
      words. Furthermore, the use of the more sensitive fingertip to explore braille
      patterns helped, perhaps by encouraging sequential identification of spatial
      information.

PMID- 4069902
TI  - Effects of expectations on the performance of hand grip after viewing selected
      hues.

PMID- 4069903
TI  - A noncoding motoric equivalent measures most of what the digit symbol does,
      including age changes.
AB  - The Digit Symbol test and a copying test with identical graphomotor requirements
      but not visual search, memory, or coding demands were given to 108 normal
      volunteers and neurologically screened physical rehabilitation patients age 20 to
      90 yr. The ratio of coding to copying scores did not change over age, and the
      high correlations between them were similar across age groups. Little variance
      was unaccounted for; gross lapses in nonmotoric functions such as memory or
      attention may prevent Digit Symbol's use with some patients, but subtler
      decrements need not be invoked to explain age effects. Tentative norms provided
      here allow evaluation of individual deviations in coding/copying ratios or
      exploratory use of the copying test to monitor the course of disease or drug
      titration with patients whose linguistic or perceptual deficits invalidate Digit
      Symbol or Trail Making tests. If discrepant ratios characterize some groups of
      patients, the ratios may become useful diagnostic indices. If coding and copying
      are as closely related for patients with cerebral dysfunction as for normals, the
      copying test may become a useful alternative to Digit Symbol with patients unable
      to comply reliably with its requirements.

PMID- 4069904
TI  - Accuracy of parental report of infants' motor development.

PMID- 4069905
TI  - Verbal responses of male college students to human figure paintings varying in
      collative properties, perceived sexuality, and perceived aggression.
AB  - 20 male undergraduates rated 60 human figure paintings on verbal scales to index
      collative variability (e.g., simple-complex), perceived sexuality, and perceived
      aggression in the stimuli. Regression equations were used to predict epistemic
      (interest) and diversive (pleasingness) responses to the paintings. Collative
      variability predicted diversive but not epistemic appreciation. Perceived
      aggression was the strongest predictor for both types of aesthetic reaction.
      Perceived sexuality was most strongly related to diversive appreciation. Both
      linear and nonlinear functions emerged and these were discussed in terms of
      consistency with Berlyne's 1971 theory of aesthetics.

PMID- 4069906
TI  - Sex differences and personality factors in responsivity to pain.
AB  - This study investigated the relationship between measured levels of masculinity
      femininity, social desirability, and responsivity to pain in men and women. The
      literature suggests that the two personality variables might provide an
      explanation for the common findings of higher pain thresholds and tolerances in
      men than in women. A significant interaction was found between masculinity
      femininity and sex for pain thresholds. Analysis of this interaction indicated
      that for men, but not women, there was a significant correlation between
      masculinity-femininity and pain, where higher masculinity was associated with
      higher pain thresholds. However, this finding did not account for the sex
      difference in pain threshold. The sex of the subject remained a significant
      predictor of both pain thresholds and tolerances after allowing for the influence
      of masculinity-femininity, social desirability, and their associated
      interactions.

PMID- 4069907
TI  - Space flight: IV. Variables of motion sickness.
AB  - Two variables of motion sickness are discussed. Gas chromatography mass
      spectrometry data are presented.

PMID- 4069908
TI  - Effects of cognition on the psychophysical function.
AB  - Previous investigation of the deterministic-sensory and the probability-sensory
      learning models of psychophysical relationships have featured the manipulation of
      a single cognitive cue. The present study sought to expand these findings through
      the manipulation of multiple cognitive cues. Subjects made magnitude estimations
      of skin-area contact for each of two sets which varied identically in surface
      area but differed in that one set also varied in accelerative force. Within sets,
      three treatments featured systematic variation in the presentation of cognitive
      cues. Power functions were obtained for all treatments and the results supported
      the deterministic-sensory model. It was suggested, however, that resolution of
      the perception versus cognition issue must await the identification of innate and
      conditioned correlates of the subjective response to specific sensory stimuli.

PMID- 4069909
TI  - Effects of ambient noise on time estimation by humans.
AB  - 10 male and 10 female undergraduates were asked to estimate 5-, 10-, 15-, and 30
      sec. intervals under five intensities of ambient noise (50, 60, 70, 80, and 90
      dB). Interval estimates became shorter as the intensity of noise increased from
      50 to 80 dB but became longer at 90 dB. The effects of intensity of noise were
      most prominant in the two longest intervals. These results are interpreted in
      terms of CNS arousal theory.

PMID- 4069910
TI  - Team approach in mental health services: generalists or specialists?
AB  - Psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers were compared on their
      assessments of pathology, treatment techniques, and theoretical orientation for a
      typical hospitalized psychiatric patient. The purpose was to determine the
      relationship between treatment-team members' professional discipline and their
      clinical approach to a patient. Clinical discipline was significantly related to
      assessment, treatment, and theory. Psychiatrists favored medication,
      hospitalization, support, and brief, infrequent structured treatment focused on
      the present and external factors with an aim of social adaptation. Social workers
      were similar, but added types of treatment and longer, more frequent treatment.
      Psychologists were unique with an emphasis on psychoanalytically oriented
      psychotherapy aimed at personality change.

PMID- 4069911
TI  - Contextual effects on people's ratings of seriousness for side effects of
      prescription drugs.
AB  - Subjects rated the seriousness of 25 side effects. Two contextual effects,
      varying the health problem for which subjects were taking the drug and providing
      brief descriptions of side effects, were examined. The group given the scenario
      of a serious health problem made lower ratings of seriousness than the group
      given no health problem. Providing subjects with brief descriptions of side
      effects also lowered their ratings of seriousness. The study has implications for
      researchers assessing perceptions of risk as well as for designers of consumer
      information.

PMID- 4069912
TI  - Simple motor and phonemic processing reaction times of stutterers.
AB  - Simple motor and phonemic processing reaction times were gathered for a group of
      stutterers and were compared to data obtained from normal speakers. The
      stutterers' responses were significantly more latent under both conditions. Such
      findings suggested that at least two neurophysiological factors influence
      stutterers' reaction-time latencies. These include aberrancies in both motor
      control and auditory processing capacity.

PMID- 4069913
TI  - Regional cortical dysfunction in schizophrenic patients studied by computerized
      neuropsychological methods.
AB  - 18 RDC-diagnosed schizophrenic patients (11 men, 7 women) were compared to 84
      normal men with three computerized neuropsychological methods, assumed to reflect
      lateralized and frontal cortical functions: (1) Bilateral Finger Tapping and
      Finger Alternation, (2) Bilateral Trail Making, and (3) passively perceived
      Necker cube reversals. Schizophrenics differed from normals by (1) inferior
      Tapping/Alternation but only in the right hand, (2) inferior Trail Making, most
      pronounced for Form B, and (3) lower frequency of Necker cube reversals. Patients
      with previous neuroleptic medication and prior psychiatric hospitalizations were
      inferior in Trail Making and had fewer Necker cube reversals. The findings were
      interpreted in line with recent models of schizophrenia involving a left
      hemisphere dysfunction/over-activation and a frontal dysfunction.

PMID- 4069914
TI  - Auditory-successive selective attention for learning disabled and normal boys.
AB  - Improvement in auditory-successive selective attention was noted across the age
      range of 9 through 16 yr. In contrast to comparable paradigms with visual
      simultaneous materials, 30 learning disabled and 30 normal boys did not differ.
      Results of research on selective attention may be affected by task materials and
      encoding requirements.

PMID- 4069915
TI  - Tactile perceptual task and field dependence-independence.
AB  - Differential performance with both hands by 60 normal field-dependent or field
      independent subjects who were solving Nebes' test, was assessed. No difference
      was found between hands, but a significant difference was noted for speed of
      performance between field-dependent and field-independent subjects.

PMID- 4069916
TI  - Deafness and perception of nonverbal expression of emotion.
AB  - Compensatory sensitivity is said to follow loss of a primary communicative
      channel. In previous studies in which how accurately deaf and hearing people
      perceive emotional expression was compared, caricatures or nonverbal behavior of
      hearing people were stimuli. These studies did not specifically address the
      possibility that deaf people show nonverbal behavior which might be related to
      their sign language. To assess this possibility two methodological innovations
      were made. Stimuli were displayed of nonverbal messages with various emotional
      contents presented by deaf people in sign language. Also, no verbal labels
      identified emotional content of the messages. Sixty hearing and 45 deaf male
      college students watched films of emotional expressions in sign language. The
      participants tried to identify the emotional content of each film by matching
      content to one of six photographs of facial expressions. Responses were analyzed
      for accuracy in perceiving the emotional content. Hearing participants were more
      accurate in perceiving the display of Happiness. Display of Disgust was perceived
      better by the deaf participants. No support was found for compensatory
      sensitivity among the deaf participants.

PMID- 4069917
TI  - The horizontal-vertical illusion in photographs of concrete scenes with and
      without depth information.
AB  - On the basis of the hypothesis of misapplied constancy scaling, the perception of
      an abstract horizontal-vertical illusion figure embedded in photographs of
      natural scenes with depth cues is investigated. The effect is compared with that
      of a figure on photographs containing no depth information and with a figure on a
      neutral surface. It is shown that the magnitude of the illusion in the
      perspective scenes is greater than in the other two conditions. The results are
      considered compatible with a constancy theory of the illusion. Finally, the
      evidence for misapplied constancy scaling in the horizontal-vertical illusion in
      relation to a retinal theory is discussed.

PMID- 4069918
TI  - Comparison of the Token Test of Language Development and the Wechsler
      Intelligence Scale for Children--Revised.
AB  - Correlations were calculated between the Token Test of Language Development
      (Token) and scores of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children--Revised (WISC
      R) based on responses from 38 Caucasian children (23 boys and 15 girls) of a semi
      rural Northeastern Ohio school district. The relatively low Pearson correlations
      (.25 to .47) between the standard scores in the Token test and WISC-R IQs are
      discussed in relation to ability and achievement.

PMID- 4069919
TI  - Effect of tourniquet-induced ischemia on magnitude scaling of tactile stimuli
      applied to the human hand.
AB  - The effect of tourniquet-induced ischemia was tested on magnitude scaling of
      supraliminal tactile stimuli (single-cycle sine waves) applied to the human hand
      contra- or ipsilaterally to the cuff. Magnitude estimations were not influenced
      on the contralateral side. In the ischemic hand there was a reduction of
      magnitude estimates beginning 12 min. after inflation of the cuff, independent of
      the stimulus intensity. The results indicate that peripheral noxious stimulation
      does not produce a nonsegmental reduction of tactile sensitivity. Moreover, it is
      suggested that the thickest afferent mechanoreceptive fibers (A-beta) have a
      major role in the mediation of tactile signals both at liminal and supraliminal
      levels.

PMID- 4069920
TI  - Retinal projection or size constancy as determinants of the horizontal-vertical
      illusion?
AB  - To compare the influence of the projected retinal size and of the figure size on
      the perception of the horizontal-vertical illusion, the target size, the viewing
      distance, and the slant of an illusion figure were varied. In the first
      experiment the illusion produced by two figures of the same object size but of
      different retinal size was compared with that of two figures projecting the same
      retinal size but differing in object size. The illusion diminished when the size
      of the retinal projection was increased, whereas a change in figure size did not
      change the illusion. In Exp. II the illusion figure was tilted backwards which
      reduced the retinal projection of the 'vertical' figure limb. The illusion
      decreased and became negative as a function of the retinal projection, but this
      decrease was relatively small compared with the reduction of the retinal image.
      The results are interpreted as supporting a retinal origin as an explanation of
      the illusion. Although there is strong evidence for size-constancy scaling in a
      tilted figure, constancy scaling is considered of minor importance as a
      determinant of the usual illusion.

PMID- 4069921
TI  - Smoking and memory: state-specific effects.

PMID- 4069922
TI  - Twins' reactions to delayed auditory feedback.
AB  - 10 pairs of identical and 10 pairs of fraternal twins, matched by age, spoke
      under conditions of 0.0-, 100-, 200-, 300-, 400-, and 500-msec. delayed auditory
      feedback. Length of spoken passages was controlled. Product-moment and intraclass
      correlations were calculated for speaking times and disfluencies. Significant
      Pearson rs for times were noted at 0.0 and 300 msec. for both groups and at 100,
      200, and 400 msec. for identical twins, while fraternal twins' times were
      significantly correlated at 500 msec. Difference scores were significantly
      correlated at 100, 200, 300, and 400 msec. for identical twins. Disfluencies were
      significantly correlated for identical twins at 400 msec. Data were combined with
      those of Timmons' (1969) study, increasing subjects to 21 pairs per group.
      Intraclass correlations supported the contention that responses of identical twin
      pairs to delayed auditory feedback were more highly correlated than those for
      fraternal twin pairs.

PMID- 4069923
TI  - Ocular anomalies: a comparison of learning disabled and nonlearning disabled
      elementary school children.
AB  - This study compared descriptive data, obtained via retinal reflex photography,
      concerning ocular anomalies of 439 learning disabled elementary school children,
      1657 kindergarten and Grade 1 nonlearning disabled children, and 724 nonlearning
      disabled children in Grades 2 to 6. Ocular factors included refractive and
      nonametropic errors as well as severity of the problem. The learning disabled
      sample had a significantly higher incidence of refractive error than the normal
      samples in Kindergarten and Grade 1 but lower incidence than the normal sample in
      Grades 2 to 6. The learning disabled group had a significantly higher incidence
      of myopia in one or both eyes than did the kindergarten and first grade normal
      group. No such difference for myopia existed between the learning disabled and
      the normal sample in Grades 2 to 6. Incidence of hyperopia in both eyes was
      significantly lower in the learning disabled than in the kindergarten-first grade
      sample; however, hyperopia in one eye only was greater for the learning disabled
      than for the older normals. Significant differences between the younger and older
      normals existed for all types of refractive error except hyperopia in only one
      eye. Severity of the problem differed significantly between the learning disabled
      and the kindergarten-first grade sample in the classes of severe and minimal, not
      at all when comparing learning disabled and older normals, and in all classes
      when comparing younger and older normals. The learning disabled also had a
      significantly higher incidence of nonametropic anomalies than did the normal
      group. Implications relating refractive error and near environment were
      discussed.

PMID- 4069924
TI  - Higher frequency of left-breast cancer: a possible explanation.
AB  - A study of 1027 women with unilateral breast cancer showed that ipsilateral
      breast cancer was more common before age 45 and contralateral thereafter. The
      data suggest a possible explanation of the higher incidence of left-breast cancer
      in American women. A higher percentage of left-handed women developed breast
      cancer before age 45, but the over-all incidence of unilateral breast cancer was
      not greater in left-handed women than in right-handed or ambihanded subjects.

PMID- 4069925
TI  - Communication and type A coronary-prone behavior: preliminary studies of
      expressive and instrumental communication.
AB  - This paper reports two studies of the expressive and instrumental characteristics
      of communication associated with the Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern.
      Using Norton's communicators' style instrument to measure expressive behavior of
      college students, Study 1 with 50 men and 79 women showed that Type A persons are
      more dominant, contentious, precise, animated, and dramatic communicators than
      Type B persons. Study 2 with 48 men and 80 women yielded no differences in the
      use of persuasive strategies by Type A and Type B college undergraduates.

PMID- 4069926
TI  - Effects of left-hand preference on postinjury measures of distal motor ability.
AB  - The relationship of preinjury left-hand dominance for motor performance to
      postinjury distal motor skills following penetrating brain wounds in patients
      without overt hemiplegia was examined. We studied 13 controls, 13 right
      hemisphere brain-damaged patients, and 11 left-hemisphere brain-damaged patients
      on motor tasks measuring reaction time, strength, and coordination. Our results
      indicated that no persistent deficits were seen on distal motor tasks in left
      handed adults who suffered a penetrating brain wound. These findings are
      compatible with the relative sparing of persistent neuropsychological deficits in
      left-handers following brain damage.

PMID- 4069927
TI  - Sex differences in acting out chronic undifferentiated schizophrenics.
AB  - 29 male and 21 female chronic undifferentiated schizophrenics were classified as
      aggressive or nonaggressive on items of a behaviorally anchored checklist
      completed by ward personnel plus adjunctive measures of behavior during
      institutionalization. Women were rated as significantly more aggressive than men.
      The women engaged in more hostile acts, destroyed more property, were more
      verbally abusive, and were more uncooperative with staff and other patients than
      men. The results are discussed in terms of possible sex differences in diagnosis,
      severity of symptoms, age of onset, and admission/discharge practices.

PMID- 4069928
TI  - Laterality and field dependence.
AB  - The purposes of this study were (1) to replicate a right visual-field advantage
      for a version of the Embedded Figures Test modified for tachistoscopic
      presentation and (2) to test for a relationship between field independence and
      performance on modified Embedded Figures Test items presented to the right visual
      field. 34 right-handed subjects were presented Embedded Figures Test items to the
      left, center, and right visual-fields for 150 msec. The Group Embedded Figures
      Test was also given. Results showed a right visual-field advantage on the
      modified embedded-figures test and (2) a negative relationship between Group
      Embedded Figures Test performance and right visual-field scores. These findings
      were discussed in terms of the differences between the two versions of the
      embedded-figures test, memory for simple figures, specificity of judgment, and
      sustained versus tachistoscopic perception. A tentative conclusion suggests that
      a better internal representation of the briefly presented complex figures places
      field-independent subjects at a disadvantage on the modified version of the test.

PMID- 4069929
TI  - Selected measures of physical fitness for a group of learning disabled children.

PMID- 4069930
TI  - Premature reductions and mythical productions.

PMID- 4069931
TI  - A new visual illusion: flickering fields are localized in a depth plane behind
      nonflickering fields.
AB  - Flickering regions of the visual field are perceived to lie well behind regions
      which are not flickered. The depth segregation is not due to luminance
      differences since the average temporal luminance across all the regions was
      equal. This depth effect produced by flicker is not dependent on the texture of
      the visual field; nor does it depend on a specific configuration of the
      flickering and nonflickering areas. It is optimal at a temporal frequency around
      6 Hz, which suggests that visual channels responding maximally to high temporal
      frequencies are involved in the segregation of perceptual regions in depth.

PMID- 4069932
TI  - The effects of exposure to red and blue light on physiological indices and time
      estimation.
AB  - The effects of exposure to red, white, and blue lights on time estimation and
      physiological indices were examined. Sixty subjects were exposed to a total of
      four presentation series of red, white, and blue lights. There were two phases of
      the experiment: a verbal estimation phase in which subjects were required to
      count out loud the length of each color while measures of eyeblinks, skin
      conductance, pulse volume, heart rate, and EEG activity were obtained; and a
      production phase in which subjects were required to produce several intervals
      while measures of EEG were obtained. The data on each dependent measure were
      subjected to three-way repeated-measures ANOVAs. EEG data were digitized and
      analyzed with power spectral, peak frequency, percentage of alpha activity, and
      discriminant analyses. Results indicate that color did not exert consistent
      significant effects on any of the dependent measures and raise serious questions
      about the assumption that 'warm' colors are more arousing than 'cool' colors.

PMID- 4069933
TI  - Flicker haloes observed with subjective borders.
AB  - Subjective borders are known to behave quite similarly to real borders when the
      stimulus presents fragments of visually meaningful forms. There is less
      information on whether this also applies to unfamiliar stimulus elements. Thus,
      if a dark/bright stimulus border is presented intermittently at certain
      frequencies below flicker fusion, the bright border enhancement band increases
      greatly in width and takes on a textured appearance, resembling a halo streaming
      from the border. The percept is spontaneous and unlike anything experienced in
      real life. Preliminary observations showed that the effect occurs also at
      subjective borders. The extent of the halo from the border was measured for
      various flicker frequencies and compared with similar measurements obtained with
      real borders. It was found that the extent varies with frequency in an identical
      manner for real and virtual borders. Also, the halo was judged equal in
      qualitative appearance for both kinds of border. The striking similarity between
      virtual and real effects in this respect is best explained in terms of
      physiological border perception processes, possibly instigated by a cognitive
      mechanism.

PMID- 4069934
TI  - What is perceived when two images are combined?
AB  - When two images are combined three perceptual outcomes are possible. One, they
      can be perceived as they are--separate and independent images. Two, they can
      become perceptually fused into a new image. Three, one image may dominate, or
      mask, the other. These possibilities are demonstrated with a variety of images
      and it is proposed that it is their spatial correlation rather than their spatial
      frequency similarities or differences which is critical in determining the
      particular outcome.

PMID- 4069935
TI  - The role of object-hypotheses in the organization of fragmented figures.
AB  - The effect of an object-hypothesis on the organization of fragmented figures was
      investigated by varying instruction given prior to stimulus presentation. One
      group was uninformed as to the possibility of seeing a figure; a second group was
      instructed that it is possible to see a meaningful object; a third group was
      further instructed as to which class of object was presented. It was found that,
      in order to achieve organization of fragmented figures, the observer must have
      knowledge that a meaningful object may be integrated from the fragments.
      Knowledge of the class of object, while increasing the likelihood of recognition,
      does not significantly decrease search time.

PMID- 4069936
TI  - Frequency of fusion and of loss of fusion, and binocular depth perception with
      alternating stimulus presentation.
AB  - Stereoscopic vision was investigated with an experimental design allowing
      dichoptic stimulus presentation at different frequencies of image alternation.
      For twenty subjects the frequency of binocular fusion and the frequency of loss
      of fusion to one stereoscopic image was measured as a function of the convergence
      angle. In thirteen subjects no dependence of the fusion frequency was found,
      while seven subjects showed a marked increase of the fusion frequency with
      increasing angle of convergence. In all cases the frequency of fusion was higher
      than the frequency of loss of fusion. Both frequencies, however, are lower than
      the flicker fusion frequency. Under conditions where no monocular cues and no
      references for stereoptic depth comparisons were presented, the apparent distance
      of the image from the observer could not be assessed, but perception of relative
      motion in depth was possible. All subjects assessed the direction of motion
      accurately down to changes of the convergence angle of 0.2 deg s-1.

PMID- 4069937
TI  - The recency effect in the perception of ambiguous figures.
AB  - After a failure to obtain a recency effect in the perception of ambiguous figures
      three experiments were carried out to determine the conditions which govern the
      effect. It was found that the duration of the stimulus which precedes the
      ambiguous figure (the most recent stimulus) was important. Also of importance was
      the interval between the next-to-most-recent stimulus and the ambiguous figure.
      The effect of manipulating these variables was such that sometimes no recency
      effect was obtained, implying that their state is sometimes critical for the
      effect. Variations in the duration of the ambiguous stimulus did not cause the
      recency effect to vary. Recommendations are made for the demonstration of a
      reliable recency effect.

PMID- 4069938
TI  - Stimulus duration may affect partial report performance.
AB  - Townsend, and Di Lollo and Moscovitch investigated the retention of item
      information in nearly identical variations of the partial report task. Whereas
      Townsend found a slight decrement in performance as the interval increased, Di
      Lollo and Moscovitch found a substantial increment. An experimental study of
      procedural differences that may have led to this discrepancy is reported. The
      results suggest that stimulus duration may have been responsible: Di Lollo and
      Moscovitch used extremely short durations (2 ms), while Townsend used longer
      durations (50 ms). This difference in durations may be important when the
      stimulus array and the partial report probe occur in close temporal contiguity.

PMID- 4069939
TI  - The role of verbal labels in the judgment of orientation and location.
AB  - In an earlier study it was found that judgments of right-left orientations and
      locations were more difficult than judgments of up-down only when spatial words
      were used in the tasks. Experiments are reported in which pictures of many
      objects were presented to eliminate the possibility that subjects in previous
      studies had used strategies specific to single-stimulus tasks. In experiment 1,
      right-left orientations were judged more slowly than up-down orientations both
      when the spatial words were used and when arbitrary letters replaced the spatial
      words. In experiment 2, judgments of the right-left locations of pictures took
      longer than judgments of their up-down locations only when spatial words were
      used in the task; the right-left difficulty was eliminated when arbitrary letters
      replaced the words. The differential effect of words and letters in location
      judgments seems to be due to the different coding strategies adopted by subjects
      under the two conditions. It is concluded that a right-left difficulty does not
      depend on the use of spatial terms: word and letter conditions yield different
      results only when the task permits different judgments to be made under the two
      conditions.

PMID- 4069940
TI  - Memory mechanisms and the psychophysical scaling of duration.
AB  - Two experiments were performed to examine the suggestion that underlying memory
      mechanisms may be revealed in the form of the psychophysical function for
      duration. In experiment 1 a broad range of durations, with fine spacing at the
      lower end, was employed to bring out any transition in function that might
      reflect a change from 'ionic' memory to short-term memory. Estimation in
      conventional time-units (Verbal Estimation) was also compared with unit-free
      estimation (Magnitude Estimation). In experiment 2 Verbal Estimation was compared
      with the Production method, for a different range of stimulus values, and with
      varying interval content. Contrary to earlier claims, memory mechanisms were not
      found to be reflected in the values of power exponents for subjective duration.
      The value of the search for such functions is questioned, as simple linear plots
      fit the data at least as well.

PMID- 4069941
TI  - Direction- and velocity-specific responses from beyond the classical receptive
      field in the middle temporal visual area (MT).
AB  - The true receptive field of more than 90% of neurons in the middle temporal
      visual area (MT) extends well beyond the classical receptive field (crf), as
      mapped with conventional bar or spot stimuli, and includes a surrounding region
      that is 50 to 100 times the area of the crf. These extensive surrounds are
      demonstrated by simultaneously stimulating the crf and the surround with moving
      stimuli. The surrounds commonly have directional and velocity-selective
      influences that are antagonistic to the response from the crf. The crfs of MT
      neurons are organized in a topographic representation of the visual field. Thus
      MT neurons are embedded in an orderly visuotopic array, but are capable of
      integrating local stimulus conditions within a global context. The extensive
      surrounds of MT neurons may be involved in figure-ground discrimination,
      preattentive vision, perceptual constancies, and depth perception through motion
      cues.

PMID- 4069942
TI  - Apparent motion of subjective surfaces.
AB  - Apparent motion of an illusory surface was produced by presenting two spatially
      separated illusory squares in an appropriately timed sequence. Control
      experiments showed that the effect arose from the illusory contours themselves
      and not from motion of the cut sectors on the discs. When a template of this
      movie was superimposed on 'wallpaper' composed of a regular matrix of spots, the
      spots appeared to move with the illusory surface even though they were physically
      stationary. This effect ('motion capture') suggests that the motion of certain
      salient features in the visual field gets spontaneously attributed to even static
      elements in the vicinity.

PMID- 4069943
TI  - Perceptual organization in multistable apparent motion.
AB  - Is motion perception based on a local piecemeal analysis of the image or do
      'global' effects also play an important role? Use was made of bistable apparent
      motion displays in trying to answer this question. Two spots were flashed
      simultaneously on diagonally opposite corners of a 1 deg wide square and then
      switched off and replaced by two spots appearing on the other two corners. One
      can either see vertical or horizontal oscillation and the display is bistable
      just as a Necker cube is. If several such bistable figures are randomly scattered
      on the screen and presented simultaneously, then one usually sees the same motion
      axis in all of them, suggesting the presence of field-like effects for resolving
      ambiguity in apparent motion. While viewing a single figure observers experience
      hysteresis: they tend to adhere to one motion axis or the other and can switch
      the axis only by looking away and looking back after 10-30 s have elapsed. The
      figure can be switched off and made to reappear at some other random location on
      the screen and it is then always found to retain its motion axis. Several such
      demonstrations are presented to show that spatial induction effects in metastable
      motion displays may provide a particularly valuable probe for studying 'laws' of
      perceptual organization.

PMID- 4069944
TI  - Kinetic occlusion by apparent movement.
AB  - A small square and a large triangle below it were presented in the first frame.
      These were switched off and replaced by a triangle alone in the second frame,
      shifted horizontally and upwards. The triangle appeared to move obliquely, as
      expected, but most observers also saw the square moving horizontally and hiding
      behind the triangle, although there was no stimulus corresponding to it in the
      second frame. The visual system invokes the occlusion 'hypothesis' in order to
      explain the otherwise mysterious disappearance of the square. The experiment
      suggests that apparently intelligent solutions can be rapidly computed by the
      visual system.

PMID- 4069945
TI  - Perception of motion in equiluminous kinematograms.
AB  - Two fields of random dots that were identical except for a slight shift in a
      central square region were presented in rapid alternation. This produced a vivid
      impression of a square moving back and forth above the background. When the
      kinematogram is presented in equiluminous red/green, the motion of the central
      region can still be seen, although over a narrower range of alternation rates,
      interstimulus intervals, and displacements than for black/white presentation. The
      perception of motion for equiluminous stimuli indicates that colour and motion
      can be analyzed conjointly by the visual system. However, as originally reported
      by Ramachandran and Gregory, the segregation of the oscillating central square
      from the background is lost at equiluminance. This segregation process therefore
      appears to be colour-blind.

PMID- 4069946
TI  - A moving display which opposes short-range and long-range signals.
AB  - A novel display is described which stimulates both the long-range and the short
      range motion detecting processes simultaneously, but with opposing directions of
      movement. The direction in which the stimulus appears to move depends on retinal
      eccentricity and element size, but adaptation to the display always produces a
      motion aftereffect (MAE) direction opposite to the direction of the short-range
      component. The display may offer insights into the properties of the two-process
      motion detecting system.

PMID- 4069947
TI  - Effects of luminance and contrast on direction of ambiguous apparent motion.
AB  - A study is reported of the role of luminance and contrast in resolving ambiguous
      apparent motion (AM). Different results were obtained for the short-range (SR)
      and the long-range (LR) motion-detecting processes. For short-range jumps (7.5
      min arc), the direction of ambiguous AM depended on brightness polarity, with AM
      only from white to white and from black to black. But for larger jumps, or when
      an interstimulus interval (ISI) was introduced, AM was less dependent on
      polarity, with white often jumping to black and black jumping to white. Two
      potential AMs were pitted against each other, one carried by a light stimulus and
      the other by a dark stimulus. The stimulus whose luminance differed most from the
      uniform surround captured the AM. Visual response to luminance was linear, not
      logarithmic. When the stimulus was modified to give continuous AM in one
      direction it was followed by a negative aftereffect of motion only when the
      spatial displacement was 1 min arc. A larger displacement (10 min arc) gave good
      AM but no motion aftereffect. Thus only short-range motion adapts motion
      sensitive channels.

PMID- 4069948
TI  - Temporal properties of the short-range process in apparent motion.
AB  - A study is reported of the perception of random-dot two-frame apparent motion in
      which the durations of each exposure and the interstimulus interval between them
      were varied. The results are largely consistent with the rule that, for optimal
      motion detection, a portion of each exposure must fall within the same time
      interval of about 40 ms. In addition, motion perception is separably dependent on
      the displacement from one exposure to the next and on the time interval between
      those exposures, rather than on the 'velocity' implied by their ratio.

PMID- 4069949
TI  - Movement nulling: for heterochromatic photometry and isolating channels for
      'real' and 'apparent' motion.
AB  - Null measurements given by cancelling forces, voltages, or whatever, are used in
      physics for gaining 'objectivity'--by avoiding 'subjective' perceptions; but,
      somewhat paradoxically, null methods can be useful for studying perception
      itself. Here we consider cancelling opposed movements for photometry with
      coloured lights, and some recent experiments, carried out with John Harris, on
      nulling 'real' against opposed 'apparent' motion for teasing out some neural
      movement channels.

PMID- 4069950
TI  - Topological structure in the perception of apparent motion.
AB  - Not only translations and rotations, but also intriguing 'plastic deformations'
      are observed in apparent motion. What kinds of invariants does the visual system
      depend on during these transformations to determine that two figures of different
      shapes nevertheless represent the same object? Experiments are reported in which
      seven pairs of stimuli with topological differences were used. The evidence
      suggests that topological invariants may be used in the perception of apparent
      motion. In spite of variations in other factors, such as brightness, spatial
      frequency, terminators, etc, subjects displayed a strong preference for motion
      from a central figure to a figure with the same topological invariants. The
      results emphasize the importance of topological structure in figure perception.

PMID- 4069951
TI  - Perception of movement and correlation in stroboscopically presented noise
      patterns.
AB  - The detection of spatiotemporal correlation in visual displays has been studied
      with stroboscopically presented random-noise patterns and with a signal-to-noise
      ratio paradigm in which the moving pattern was masked with spatiotemporal white
      noise. These methods reveal the ability of the visual system to detect
      correlation of spatiotemporal structures, rather than luminance contrast. The
      effects of stroboscopic rate, exposure duration, target size, and the extent of
      discrete spatial shifts were studied in both the central and the peripheral
      visual field. Evidence for orientation-selective and speed-selective mechanisms
      was found, as well as for extensive spatiotemporal integration. Bounds on
      parameters of spatial and temporal correlation and integration were obtained. The
      results are similar to those reported earlier, and also extend them. Their
      relation to results obtained through other paradigms (eg the motion aftereffect)
      is explored.

PMID- 4069952
TI  - Sensitivity to shearing and compressive motion in random dots.
AB  - The sensitivity of the visual system to motion of differentially moving random
      dots was measured. Two kinds of one-dimensional motion were compared: standing
      wave patterns where dot movement amplitude varied as a sinusoidal function of
      position along the axis of dot movement (longitudinal or compressional waves) and
      patterns of motion where dot movement amplitude varied as a sinusoidal function
      orthogonal to the axis of motion (transverse or shearing waves). Spatial
      frequency, temporal frequency, and orientation of the motion were varied. The
      major finding was a much larger threshold rise for shear than for compression
      when motion spatial frequency increased beyond 1 cycle deg-1. Control experiments
      ruled out the extraneous cues of local luminance or local dot density. No
      conspicuous low spatial-frequency rise in thresholds for any type of differential
      motion was seen at the lowest spatial frequencies tested, and no difference was
      seen between horizontal and vertical motion. The results suggest that at the
      motion threshold spatial integration is greatest in a direction orthogonal to the
      direction of motion, a view consistent with elongated receptive fields most
      sensitive to motion orthogonal to their major axis.

PMID- 4069953
TI  - The neurobiology of perception.

PMID- 4069954
TI  - Subadditive concatenation in dissimilarity judgments.

PMID- 4069955
TI  - The perception of motion during colinear eye movements.

PMID- 4069956
TI  - Acoustical cues to the reconstruction of missing words in speech perception.

PMID- 4069957
TI  - Spatial localization in saccade and pursuit-eye-movement conditions: a comparison
      of perceptual and motor measures.

PMID- 4069958
TI  - Vector analysis of rotary motion perception.

PMID- 4069959
TI  - Perception of caffeine and its effects: laboratory and everyday abilities.

PMID- 4069960
TI  - Pattern matching: effects of size ratio, angular difference in orientation, and
      familiarity.

PMID- 4069961
TI  - The effects of arm length, size of angle, and spatial separation on Morinaga's
      illusion.

PMID- 4069962
TI  - Apparent displacement of lines and dots in a parallel-line figure: a clue to the
      basis of the Poggendorff effect.

PMID- 4069963
TI  - Some perceptual properties of consonants in multitalker babble.

PMID- 4069964
TI  - Processing of auditory information by the blind in spatial localization tasks.

PMID- 4069965
TI  - A measure of temporal patterns.

PMID- 4069966
TI  - On physics and biology: getting our act together.

PMID- 4069967
TI  - Finding humanism in medicine.

PMID- 4069968
TI  - Bacchus in the laboratory: in defense of scientific puns.

PMID- 4069969
TI  - The development of the principles of medical malpractice in the United States.

PMID- 4069970
TI  - On the development of certain species of very large body size by linear-dominance
      mating hierarchy.

PMID- 4069971
TI  - Determination of theophylline in serum by a simple enzyme method and by liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - Theophylline in serum was estimated by three methods. Two of them are based on
      high pressure liquid chromatography. A reversed phase method was chosen as
      reference method. Liquid chromatography on a straight phase was compared with
      this method. A third method was based on inhibiting alkaline phosphatase enzyme
      activity. Samples of test serum and patients' serum were analysed. The precision
      and accuracy of the methods were estimated by linear regression analysis. Some
      other aspects like duration of analysis and cost were also investigated.
      Generally, straight phase liquid chromatography was the method of choice because
      of its simplicity, high selectivity and relatively low cost.

PMID- 4069972
TI  - Studies on tableting properties of lactose. Part 2. Consolidation and compaction
      of different types of crystalline lactose.
AB  - Lactose is available in several crystalline forms, which differ in binding
      properties. A new method of estimating the fragmentation propensity was applied
      to investigate the consolidation and compaction behaviour of this excipient for
      direct compression. Mercury porosimetry was used to demonstrate that crystalline
      lactose fragments during compaction. Tablet strength was found to be dependent on
      the degree of fragmentation only. This finding indicates that the nature of the
      actual binding must be the same for the different types of crystalline lactose.

PMID- 4069973
TI  - The photochemical decomposition of the progestogenic 19-norsteroid,
      norethisterone, in aqueous medium.
AB  - Norethisterone, a contraceptive 19-norsteroid, was decomposed in aqueous medium
      (pH 7.4) by UV-B radiation (280-320 nm). This 4-en-3-oxo-19-norsteroid was not
      prone to the skeletal rearrangement reactions usually observed in steroids
      possessing a C10-methyl group. Under the reaction conditions applied, products
      were formed by addition of molecules, such as solvent molecules or a second
      steroid molecule, and by reduction of the double bond. The prevalence of addition
      type reactions may have consequences for the application of norethisterone-like
      steroids in subdermal contraceptive devices.

PMID- 4069974
TI  - Structure elucidation of two isomeric steroids: photolytical and thermal reaction
      products from norethisterone studied by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic
      resonance.
AB  - Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance was used for the structure elucidation
      of two isomeric photoproducts of norethisterone, a commonly used progestogen in
      oral contraceptives. The predominant one of the two isolated products derived
      from photochemical decomposition of norethisterone upon irradiation with UV-B
      light (280-320 nm) was 5 alpha, 17 beta-dihydroxy-19-nor-17 alpha-pregn-20-yn-3
      one. The minor photoproduct appeared to be the analogous 5 beta-isomer, i.e. 5
      beta, 17 beta-dihydroxy-19-nor-17 alpha-pregn-20-yn-3-one. The latter compound
      was also obtained from the thermal reduction of norethisterone-4 beta, 5 beta
      epoxide using aluminium amalgam in isopropanol. Two-dimensional NMR appeared to
      be superior to mass and IR spectrometry in identifying the isomers.

PMID- 4069975
TI  - Ethnopharmacological table on some reputedly psychoactive fumigatories among
      Middle and South American natives.
AB  - Data on the ethnopharmacology of ritual fumigatories in Middle and South America
      are summarized in table format. A literature search has yielded twenty-two plant
      species belonging to fifteen different genera as established or suggested
      ingredients of ritual fumigatories among the natives in these regions. Seven
      species contain a psychoactive principle and may very well be effective when
      smoked, six species contain a psychoactive principle but their efficacy when
      smoked is uncertain, and nine plants have not been adequately proved to contain a
      psychoactive principle.

PMID- 4069976
TI  - Exercise-induced changes in lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA) in skeletal
      muscles of the dog.
AB  - The aim of this work was to study the effect of physical exercise on muscle
      lipoprotein lipase activity (LPL) in dogs. Existence of two forms of LPL: heparin
      releasable and unreleasable was demonstrated in skeletal muscles, and the changes
      in the activity of both forms were followed during 3 h treadmill running, using
      biopsy samples taken from m. biceps femoris. During the first two hours of
      exercise the heparin releasable form of LPL was progressively increasing, whereas
      the heparin unreleasable form of the enzyme was decreasing. Thus, a significant
      negative correlation between activities of the two forms was ascertained (r =
      0.72, P less than 0.01). In the final period of exercise, activity of the heparin
      releasable form of LPL tended to stabilize on the enhanced level, and activity of
      the heparin unreleasable form increased. In the further series of experiments a
      relationship between exercise intensity and activity of the heparin releasable
      form of LPL was studied during 1 h exercise bouts. A significant positive
      correlation (r = 0.84, P less than 0.001) was ascertained between LPL activity
      and intensity of work. A comparison between LPL activity in the muscle engaged in
      exercise (m. biceps femoris) and nonactive muscle (m. coccygeus) revealed that
      the enhancement of the enzyme activity during physical work does not occur in the
      latter. IN CONCLUSION: it was found that physical exercise induces a marked
      intensity-dependent increase of LPL activity in working muscles, which is
      probably caused by an elevated transport of the enzyme molecules from the muscle
      cells to the intravascular space. The latter suggestion is based on the
      reciprocal changes of the heparin releasable and unreleasable (probably
      intracellular) forms of LPL.

PMID- 4069977
TI  - Concentration dependence of the chloride selfexchange and homoexchange fluxes in
      human red cell ghosts.
AB  - The concentration dependence of the unidirectional chloride flux in human red
      cell ghosts was studied under selfexchange and under homoexchange conditions.
      Under selfexchange conditions the intracellular concentration of chloride [Cl]in
      is equal to the extracellular concentration [Cl]ex and [Cl]in and [Cl]ex are
      raised concomitantly. Under homoexchange conditions [Cl]in or [Cl]ex were varied
      separately at a fixed trans-concentration of chloride. The chloride fluxes were
      calculated from the rate of the tracer efflux and the intracellular chloride. All
      experiments were executed in isotonic (330 mosM) KCl/K-citrate/sorbitol solutions
      containing 0-100 mM KCl, 40 mM K-citrate and different concentrations of sorbitol
      for isoosmotic substitution. The chloride selfexchange and the chloride
      homoexchange fluxes exhibit a pure saturation kinetics. The halfsaturation
      constant for the chloride selfexchange was approximately 20 mM, the maximal flux
      was approx. 3.5 X 10(-4) mol/(min . g cells). The apparent chloride
      halfsaturation constants from the homoexchange experiments were in the range of
      0.9-4.5 mM for the outer and of 5.5-14.5 mM (0 degree C, pH 7.3) for the inner
      membrane surface, both halfsaturation constants increase with increasing trans
      concentrations. At infinite trans-concentrations of chloride, the halfsaturation
      constant for the outer and the inner membrane surface amounts to approximately 5
      mM and approximately 15 mM, respectively. The slope of the double reciprocal
      plots of flux versus cis-chloride concentration decreases with increasing trans
      concentration of chloride. The kinetics of the chloride transport provides
      evidence for a carrier mediated transport mechanism with a single reciprocating
      transport site. The translocation of the loaded carrier appears to be much faster
      than the translocation of the unloaded carrier.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4069978
TI  - Transport of sulphate in rat jejunal and rat proximal tubular basolateral
      membrane vesicles.
AB  - Basolateral membrane vesicles were isolated by a Percoll density gradient
      centrifugation method from small intestinal and renal proximal tubular epithelial
      cells. Transport of sulphate across the basolateral membrane was analyzed by
      measuring the uptake of tracer sulphate. In both membrane preparations,
      preloading the vesicles with sulphate- or hydroxyl-anions stimulated tracer
      sulphate uptake (trans-stimulation); an inwardly directed sodium gradient did not
      stimulate sulphate influx whether in the absence or in the presence of sulphate-
      or hydroxyl-ion-trans-stimulation. Under sulphate trans-stimulation conditions,
      DIDS (10(-4) mol/l) inhibited sulphate influx. In intestinal membranes, trans
      stimulation of sulphate influx was obtained by preloading the vesicles with
      chloride, in renal membranes by preloading with bicarbonate. Under sulphate trans
      stimulation conditions, in intestinal membranes, sulphate influx was strongly
      inhibited by chloride, in renal membranes, chloride inhibition was absent. Under
      bicarbonate trans-stimulation conditions, in renal membranes, sulphate transport
      was inhibited by lactate. It is concluded that small intestinal and renal
      proximal tubular basolateral membrane vesicles contain a transport mechanism for
      sulphate that cannot be energized by a sodium gradient. The transport system in
      small intestinal basolateral membranes seems to be different from that in renal
      membranes. It is suggested that the observed interaction between inorganic and
      organic anion transport in renal basolateral membranes is indirect.

PMID- 4069979
TI  - Transfer of base across the basolateral membrane of cortical tubules of rat
      kidney.
AB  - The transfer of HCO3-/OH- across the peritubular membrane of rat cortical tubules
      was studied by measuring capillary pH during stopped-flow microperfusion of
      peritubular capillaries with electrolyte solutions containing 3 mM HCO3-. The
      rate of alkalinization of these solutions was significantly delayed when 10(-4) M
      acetazolamide, 5 X 10(-4) M SITS or 2 mM Ba2+ were added, as well as when
      chloride was substituted by gluconate. Under these conditions, stationary
      capillary pH was slightly but significantly increased. In another series, the
      lumen of proximal tubules was perfused with alkaline solutions while pH was
      measured in adjacent capillaries. During perfusion, capillary pH rose to a level
      0.4 units higher than in free-flow conditions, returning after filling the lumen
      with oil; the rate of capillary pH return to baseline is a measure of base
      extrusion from cells, in the absence of influx from the lumen. This rate is also
      significantly delayed by acetazolamide. The data show that peritubular base
      extrusion is dependent on carbonic anhydrase, on basolateral membrane voltage,
      and on interstitial chloride, and delayed by the anion exchange inhibitor SITS;
      they are compatible with both basolateral HCO3-/Cl- exchange and conductive
      bicarbonate transfer.

PMID- 4069980
TI  - Mean systemic filling pressure as a characteristic pressure for venous return.
AB  - Guyton's theory on venous return, implying a linear relationship between blood
      flow and central venous pressure, was tested in an intact circulation after
      thoracotomy and airtight chest closure. In eleven Yorkshire pigs (approx. 10 kg)
      we measured flow in the pulmonary artery and aorta and pressure in the central
      veins and aorta during pentobarbital anesthesia and mechanical ventilation. To
      change central venous pressure different lung volumes were randomly applied at
      intervals of 5 min in a series of inspiratory hold procedures of 7.2 s. During
      these short periods hemodynamic steady state circumstances were met without
      involvement of cardiovascular control mechanisms. We confirmed the linear
      relationship between venous return and central venous pressure and derived mean
      systemic filling pressure from the regression equation. Mean systemic filling
      pressure was on average 10.5 +/- 2.3 (SD) mm Hg. The time dependent changes
      during the inspiratory hold procedure showed that the increase in central venous
      pressure was the primarily dependent variable, followed by a decrease in venous
      return and right ventricular output. After a delay of 2-4 heart beats also a
      decrease in left ventricular output and aortic pressure occurred. Subsequently,
      the lower venous return during inspiratory hold was mainly sustained by the lower
      aortic pressure, but nevertheless fulfilled the linear relationship mentioned
      above. For analysis of flow and pressure changes in the systemic circulation
      during changes of central venous pressure a tube of constant flow resistance was
      used as a conceptual mode.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4069981
TI  - Changes of energy metabolism, myosin light chain composition, lactate
      dehydrogenase isozyme pattern and fibre type distribution of denervated fast
      twitch muscle from rabbit after low frequency stimulation.
AB  - The influence of low frequency (8-10 Hz) electrical stimulation on denervated
      fast-twitch muscle from rabbit was investigated. Prolonged direct stimulation of
      denervated muscle resulted in higher oxidative enzyme activities. Furthermore,
      single fibre analyses for succinate dehydrogenase showed a more uniform
      distribution of activity in stimulated-denervated muscle when compared to normal
      muscle. As was also the case following stimulation of innervated muscle,
      glycolytic enzymes were decreased in activity and the LDH-isozyme pattern was
      also shifted towards heart type. No change of the myosin light chain pattern
      could be observed after 56 days of stimulation.

PMID- 4069983
TI  - [A standardized system of superselective catheterization of the hepatic artery
      using long tapered curved catheters].

PMID- 4069982
TI  - Bradykinin causes a transient rise of intracellular Ca2+-activity in cultured
      neural cells.
AB  - The concentration of intracellular free calcium ions was measured by
      spectrofluorometry in suspensions of quin2 loaded neural cell lines:
      neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cells (clones 108CC15 and 108CC25) and polyploid
      rat glioma cells (clone C6-4-2). In these cells, bradykinin elicits a transient
      increase of the cytosolic Ca2+-activity in a dose-dependent manner (half-maximal
      effect at about 10 nM). The effect requires the presence of extracellular Ca2+.
      The time to peak is at most 10 s, the decay to the original level lasts 1 min and
      is followed by a period of 1-4 min during which Ca2+ activity is slightly below
      control value. Lys-bradykinin and Met-Lys-bradykinin evoke similar effects as
      bradykinin, but at concentrations 10 times lower. The cells desensitize upon
      repeated addition of bradykinin. Under the same conditions des-Arg1-bradykinin,
      des-Arg9-bradykinin, angiotensin II, substance P, apamin and histamine exerted no
      influence on the concentrations of free Ca2+. Similar to their effect in neural
      cell lines, bradykinin and Lys-bradykinin induce in primary astroglia-rich
      cultures from rat brain an increase in the concentration of cytosolic Ca2+ with
      the peak reached within 30 s and the decay to the original level lasting
      approximately 4 min. The significance of this effect of bradykinin on the
      cytosolic Ca2+-activity is discussed in relation to previous findings that
      bradykinin in the same cell lines induces a hyperpolarization, a rise of the
      cyclic GMP level and a breakdown of phosphoinositides.

PMID- 4069984
TI  - A study of patients with bronchiolitis who show almost normalcy in chest X-ray
      films--from the viewpoint of radiodiagnostics.

PMID- 4069985
TI  - [A comparative study of the accuracy in locating adrenal lesions between CT,
      adrenal imaging and angiography].

PMID- 4069987
TI  - [Epidemiologic aspects of headache and migraine].

PMID- 4069986
TI  - [Squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth treated by radiotherapy].

PMID- 4069988
TI  - [Migraine and regional cerebral blood flow].

PMID- 4069989
TI  - [EEG depression/spreading cortical depression--a possible pathophysiologic
      mechanism in classical migraine].

PMID- 4069990
TI  - [Autonomic functional disorders associated with unilateral forms of headache].

PMID- 4069991
TI  - [Cluster headache versus migraine].

PMID- 4069992
TI  - [Pharmacotherapy for migraine].

PMID- 4069993
TI  - [Examination routines in physiologic disorders of the lower urinary tract.
      Urodynamic equipment in the Scandinavian countries. Where is it--how is it
      used?].

PMID- 4069994
TI  - Chloroplast promoters from higher plants.
AB  - This survey compiles 60 chloroplast promoter sequences from higher plants
      published to date and compares them with these sequences from procaryotic
      systems. The current evidence demonstrates that structurally defined chloroplast
      promoters are, in most cases, functionally active in initiating gene expression
      in chloroplasts.

PMID- 4069995
TI  - Reduced cleavage by sodium hydroxide of methyladenine in DNA sequencing.
AB  - When the Maxam and Gilbert DNA sequencing method which is modified by Bencini et
      al. (Biotechniques Jan/Feb pp4-5, 1984) is applied to DNA containing methylated
      adenine in a GATC sequence, the cleavage reaction by sodium hydroxide is found to
      be greatly reduced in comparison to that of non-methylated adenine. Thus, a faint
      band in A greater than C reaction suggests a methyl adenine and can be used for
      its detection. That the faint band corresponds to a methyladenine was confirmed
      by Sanger sequencing of the same fragment and further by Maxam and Gilbert
      sequencing of the complementary strand of DNA, which was replicated in an E. coli
      strain either having or lacking methylation enzymes.

PMID- 4069996
TI  - The anatomy of supercoiled loops in the Drosophila 7F locus.
AB  - The genome in eucaryotes is organized into a series of supercoiled loops,
      topologically anchored at their bases by components of the nuclear matrix.
      Previous studies have shown that active genes are associated with the nuclear
      matrix. We wished to know whether loops in general were solely organized by
      active genes. We therefore examined a locus of the Drosophila X-chromosome
      comprising 163,000 bp of continuous DNA sequences and devoid of known active
      genes. Of the 52 EcoRI restriction fragments comprising this region, we found 5
      anchored fragments which non-randomly organized this region into 4 DNA loops.
      Each of the 5 anchored fragments contained a transcribed sequence. These results
      strongly suggest that supercoiled loops are organized in a specific fashion with
      respect to DNA sequence, with the anchorage points exclusively demarcated by
      transcriptionally active genes.

PMID- 4069997
TI  - Respiratory syncytial virus envelope glycoprotein (G) has a novel structure.
AB  - Amino acid sequence of human respiratory syncytial virus envelope glycoprotein
      (G) was deduced from the DNA sequence of a recombinant plasmid and confirmed by
      limited amino acid microsequencing of purified 90K G protein. The calculated
      molecular mass of the protein encoded by the only long open reading frame of 298
      amino acids was 32,588 daltons and was somewhat smaller than the 36K polypeptide
      translated in vitro from mRNA selected by this plasmid. Inspection of the
      sequence revealed a single hydrophobic domain of 23 amino acids capable of
      membrane insertion at 41 residues from the N-terminus. There was no N-terminal
      signal sequence and the hydrophilic N-terminal 20 residues probably represent the
      cytoplasmic tail of the protein. The N-terminally oriented membrane insertion was
      somewhat analogous to paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and
      influenza neuraminidase (NA). The protein was moderately hydrophilic and rich in
      hydroxy-amino acids. It was both N- and O-glycosylated with the latter
      contributing significantly to the net molecular mass 90K.

PMID- 4069998
TI  - An NMR study of A-T base pair opening rates in oligonucleotides. Influence of
      sequence and of adenine methylation.
AB  - We report relaxation time measurements by semi-selective and totally selective
      NMR techniques on the thymidine imino protons of d(GGATATCC) and d(GGm6ATATCC).
      For these oligonucleotides helix fraying, rather than single base pair opening,
      is the major exchange mechanism even 25 degrees C below the Tm. We have therefore
      applied a new saturation transfer technique to measure exchange rates at
      temperatures where fraying has a very small or negligible contribution.
      Measurements of exchange rates as a function of temperature give significantly
      different activation energies for base pairs 3 and 4 in d(GGATATCC). Adenine
      methylation results in a slowing down of the opening rate for the m6A-T base pair
      but surprisingly has an even greater effect upon the adjacent non-methylated A-T
      base pair.

PMID- 4069999
TI  - DNA and RNA polymerase activities of nuclei and hypotonic extracts of nuclei
      isolated from tomato golden mosaic virus infected tobacco leaves.
AB  - Nuclei and hypotonically leached extracts of nuclei prepared from tomato golden
      mosaic virus (TGMV)-infected Nicotiana benthamiana leaves have been used in in
      vitro DNA and RNA polymerisation reactions. The synthesis of virus-specific DNA
      was resistant to aphidicolin, sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide and dideoxy TTP, and
      stimulated by KC1 and ATP. Variably virion (+) and complementary (-) strand DNA
      of both the A and B genomic components were synthesised. Virus-specific RNA was
      synthesised in reactions which were initiated prior to nuclei isolation and
      leaching. From inhibitor studies and salt requirements RNA synthesis appeared to
      be catalysed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase type II enzyme. Both components of
      the TGMV genome were transcribed in a bidirectional fashion with a prevalence in
      some experiments of transcripts derived from DNA component A.

PMID- 4070000
TI  - Length heterogeneity of a conserved displacement-loop sequence in human
      mitochondrial DNA.
AB  - Mitochondrial DNA from human tissue culture cells contains heterogeneous
      sequences located within a previously identified, evolutionarily conserved region
      termed CSB-2. CSB-2 is located near the origin of heavy-strand mitochondrial DNA
      synthesis and the major transcriptional promoters for each strand of human
      mitochondrial DNA. Nucleotide sequence analysis of cloned mitochondrial DNA and
      electrophoretic analysis of appropriate small fragments from cellular
      mitochondrial DNA show that the variability is limited to a homopolymer sequence
      which can range in length from 6 to 12 residues. In vitro transcriptional
      analyses, using several of these cloned length polymorphs as templates and
      partially purified human mitochondrial RNA polymerase, demonstrate that the most
      common polymorphs will support accurate transcriptional initiation.

PMID- 4070001
TI  - Growth-dependent regulation of rRNA synthesis is mediated by a transcription
      initiation factor (TIF-IA).
AB  - Mouse RNA polymerase I requires at least two chromatographically distinct
      transcription factors (designated TIF-IA and TIF-IB) to initiate transcription
      accurately and efficiently in vitro. In this paper we describe the partial
      purification of TIF-IA by a four-step fractionation procedure. The amount or
      activity of TIF-IA fluctuates in response to the physiological state of the
      cells. Extracts from quiescent cells are incapable of specific transcription and
      do not contain detectable levels of TIF-IA. Transcriptionally inactive extracts
      can be restored by the addition of TIF-IA preparations that have been highly
      purified from exponentially growing cells. During the fractionating procedure TIF
      IA co-purifies with RNA polymerase I, suggesting that it is functionally
      associated with the transcribing enzyme. We suggest that only those enzyme
      molecules that are associated with TIF-IA are capable to interact with TIF-IB and
      to initiate transcription.

PMID- 4070002
TI  - Analytical studies of 'mixed sequence' oligodeoxyribonucleotides synthesized by
      competitive coupling of either methyl- or beta-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylamino
      phosphoramidite reagents, including 2'-deoxyinosine.
AB  - High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and 1H/31P nuclear magnetic
      resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were used to measure the molar ratio of
      oligodeoxyribonucleotide products in mixtures obtained with automated DNA
      synthesizers that employed competitive coupling of either standard methyl- or
      newer beta-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylamino phosphoramidite reagents, which
      include deoxyinosine. Mixtures of these reagents when used as freshly prepared
      solutions afforded ratios of products that indicated negligibly small differences
      among the rates of the various competitive coupling reactions. However, studies
      of reagent stability in solution revealed that both types of the N-isobutyryl
      deoxyguanosine reagent decompose faster than their corresponding dA, dC, and dT
      phosphoramidites, which led to significantly lower proportions of dG-containing
      sequences. This problem was attenuated for the beta-cyanoethyl reagents due to
      their slower rate of decomposition.

PMID- 4070003
TI  - Molecular cloning and the nucleotide sequence of the Mr 28 000 crystal protein
      gene of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis.
AB  - The Mr 28.000 crystal protein gene of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies
      israelensis has been cloned into pBR322 as part of a 9.7 kb HindIII fragment.
      From hybridization experiments of recombinant p425 DNA with B.t. subspecies
      israelensis RNA from different stages of growth it was concluded that
      transcription of the gene is restricted to early sporulation stages. Nucleotide
      sequence analysis revealed the presence of a large open reading frame with a
      coding capacity of 249 amino acids (Mr 27.340). Nuclease S1 mapping demonstrated
      that transcription starts 44 nucleotides upstream of the initiation codon. A
      Shine-Dalgarno sequence (AAGGAG) was found 10 nucleotides upstream of the
      translation startpoint. At the 3'-end of the gene a complex secondary structure
      was found immediately after the stop-codon. Despite the presence of these
      regulation signals only limited expression in E. coli was detected. This can be
      explained by assuming that B.t. subsp. israelensis promotor sequences are poorly
      recognized by E. coli RNA polymerase.

PMID- 4070004
TI  - Anomalous hairpin formation in an oligodeoxyribonucleotide.
AB  - An accurate method for deriving molar absorptivity-temperature profiles applied
      to a set of single-stranded oligodeoxyribonucleotides shows that the undecamer
      CGAGTTTGACGp exists in a hairpin conformation involving Watson-Crick base pairing
      between the two terminal CG dinucleotides. The hairpin, which has a transition
      midpoint of 40 degrees C in 0.115 M Na+, is unusually stable in comparison with
      previously reported hairpins. A non-linear least squares analysis of the
      undecamer's profile in terms of a two-state equilibrium model indicates that the
      hairpin-to-coil transition occurs with an enthalpy change about twice that
      expected if only combinations of Watson-Crick base-paired stacking interactions
      are considered. The analogous hairpin structure (containing an identical CG/CG
      stem) assignable to the complementary strand CGTCAAACTCGp does not form above 0
      degrees C. Measurements on the two undecamers indicate that variation in non
      Watson-Crick interactions within the loops of two similar hairpins can produce a
      difference in stability of at least 2.2 kcal/mol (25 degrees C, 0.115 M Na+),
      roughly equal to the amount contributed to a double helix by a 5'-CG-3'/5'-CG-3'
      base-paired stacking interaction.

PMID- 4070005
TI  - Effects of selenium supplementation on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.
AB  - Four groups of weanling male Wistar rats (Groups A-D) received diethylnitrosamine
      (DEN, 40 ppm) in their drinking water for four weeks; after a recovery period of
      two weeks, they received (for the rest of the experiment) phenobarbital (PB, 500
      ppm) added to a Torula yeast-based diet containing 0.17 ppm of selenium. Dietary
      selenium (2 ppm), as sodium selenite, was given to Group B one week before and
      during DEN treatment, to Group C one week before and during PB treatment, and to
      Group D during the entire experiment. Groups A and E received the unsupplemented
      diet, whereas Group E was not treated with DEN or PB. Pair-feeding conditions
      were used to minimize possible influences of differences in food intake and
      growth. Rats were killed at the 19th and 24th weeks after the experiment began.
      No significant differences were found in food and fluid intakes or in growth
      rates among the groups. Livers in Group E were histologically normal, whereas
      preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions were found in all other groups. In rats
      killed at the 19th and 24th weeks, the numerical and the volumetric densities of
      preneoplastic lesions did not differ significantly between all the groups.
      Similarly, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas only detected at 24 weeks
      was not significantly different between the groups. These results indicated that
      in this particular model of hepatocarcinogenesis, the dietary supplementation of
      2 ppm of selenium did not modify the development of preneoplasia and carcinomas.

PMID- 4070006
TI  - Indicator foods for vitamin A assessment.
AB  - Epidemiological interview studies examining the association between vitamin A and
      cancer at various sites have been hampered by restricted time available for
      interview; consequently, studies have included varying lists of food items or
      broad food groups, thus making comparability of results difficult. To identify a
      standardized list of indicator foods that adequately assess total vitamin A
      intake, we examined the 24-hour dietary recall of 13,201 adults who participated
      in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) from
      1971 to 1974. Food items reportedly consumed were ranked by contribution to
      overall (aggregated) intake in various subpopulations by an index of vitamin A
      contribution, which reflected the frequency of consumption, portion size, and
      vitamin A concentration (IUs/100 g). A comparison of these ranks identified
      certain food items that had a relative contribution to vitamin A intake which
      varied by sex/race group, season of interview, age, or region of the country;
      income level had little effect on the food rankings. The top-ranking 50 foods
      were sufficient to correctly classify 80%-90% of the individuals into low-,
      moderate-, and high-consumer categories. The major contributing foods for any
      subpopulation examined included both retinol (e.g., dairy products, liver) and
      carotenoid sources of vitamin A (e.g., certain fruits and vegetables) in addition
      to items (e.g., mixed tomato and cheese dishes) not included in earlier
      questionnaire studies. Recommendations are made for future questionnaires
      designed to assess vitamin A.

PMID- 4070007
TI  - Effect of energy intake on the promotion of mammary carcinogenesis by dietary
      fat.
AB  - The effect of low-fat and high-fat diets on the induction of mammary carcinomas
      by 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU) was studied in female Sprague-Dawley rats. All
      rats were given MNU (25 mg/kg body wt) at 50 days of age. For the first 17 weeks
      after carcinogen administration, they were fed a purified diet containing either
      5 or 20% fat incorporated into agar gel. Food intake was restricted, so that the
      amounts fed provided the same amount of net utilizable energy each day for both
      groups, regardless of the fat content of the diets. From 17 to 32 weeks, the
      diets were fed ad libitum. During the restricted feeding period, there was no
      significant difference in tumor incidence or in the number of tumors detected
      between the groups. During the weeks in which animals were fed ad libitum,
      significantly more tumors appeared in the high-fat group than in the low-fat
      group. The data provide support for the hypothesis that consumption of a high-fat
      diet can lead to an enhancement of mammary carcinogenesis. It appears, however,
      that diets must be consumed ad libitum for the stimulatory effect on tumor
      occurrence to be exhibited.

PMID- 4070008
TI  - In vivo and in vitro inhibition of B16 melanoma growth by vitamin B6.
AB  - The effect of vitamin B6 on the growth of B16 melanoma cells in vivo and in vitro
      was studied. B16 melanoma cells grown for three days in medium supplemented with
      5.0 mM pyridoxine or 0.5 mM pyridoxal showed an 80% reduction in cell
      proliferation compared with control culture. Cells cultured for six hours in
      medium supplemented with 0.5 mM pyridoxal took up and incorporated 13 and 32%
      less [3H]thymidine, respectively, than did control cultures. A 17% reduction in
      [3H]glucose uptake was observed at this time point. When the incubation time was
      decreased to three hours, an inhibition of cellular uptake of [3H]thymidine
      (22%), [3H]uridine (14%), and [3H]glucose (15%) was observed; however, little or
      no inhibition in incorporation was detected. In in vivo studies, mice pretreated
      with pyridoxal for two weeks and then injected with B16 melanoma cells had a 62%
      reduction in tumor weight compared with controls at the end of a three-week
      period. If tumors were first established in mice and then treated with pyridoxal
      for six days, a 39% reduction in tumor growth was observed. There were no
      differences observed in body weights or liver weights in any of the animal
      groups. These results indicate that supraphysiological doses of vitamin B6 can
      inhibit the growth of B16 melanoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. The exact
      mechanism by which pyridoxal exerts its inhibitory effect was not ascertained,
      but experiments suggest that the vitamer may be acting on the plasma membrane to
      reduce precursor transport into the cell.

PMID- 4070009
TI  - Vitamin A status and metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene in the rat.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on a vitamin A-deficient diet for a
      period of five weeks. At the end of that time, hepatic cytochrome P450 levels in
      vitamin A-deficient rats were 65% that of rats fed a complete diet. However, the
      hepatic rate of benzo[a]pyrene metabolism was significantly greater (2 times) in
      vitamin A-deficient rats compared with those fed a complete diet. The pattern of
      metabolites separable by thin-layer chromatography was similar in both groups of
      rats. Benzo[a]pyrene induced its own metabolism by a slightly greater amount in
      the vitamin-sufficient rats, but it was not to the level of the deficient group,
      although the levels of cytochrome P450 were still below those of the deficient
      rats. In discussing lung microsomes, benzo[a]pyrene pre-treatment of deficient
      rats resulted in slightly elevated levels of cytochrome P450 and a slightly
      greater rate of metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene compared with rats fed the complete
      diet.

PMID- 4070010
TI  - Effect of dietary Laminaria angustata (brown seaweed) on azoxymethane-induced
      intestinal carcinogenesis in male F344 rats.
AB  - The effect of dietary Laminaria angustata (brown seaweed) on azoxymethane (AOM)
      induced intestinal carcinogenesis was studied in male F344 rats. Five-week old
      rats were fed semipurified diets containing 0 and 10% seaweed. When the rats were
      7 weeks old, all except the vehicle-treated groups received weekly subcutaneous
      injections of AOM in normal saline for two weeks (20 mg/kg body wt/week). All
      animals were fed the experimental diets until the termination of the experiment,
      which was 28 weeks after the last AOM injection. The incidence (percent of
      animals with tumors) and multiplicity (tumors/animal) of small intestinal tumors
      did not differ significantly between the control and seaweed groups. The
      incidence and multiplicity of colon adenomas along with the size of colon tumors
      were increased in rats fed the seaweed diet compared with those fed the control
      diet. Dietary seaweed had no major effect on the concentration of fecal bile
      acids; however, the concentration of fecal cholesterol and total neutral sterols
      was decreased in the seaweed group. These results suggest that dietary seaweed
      increases the risk for colon tumors.

PMID- 4070011
TI  - Significance of altered nutritional status in acquired immune deficiency syndrome
      (AIDS).
AB  - Severe unrelenting weight loss appears to be a major component of the clinical
      picture seen in the patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
      Weight loss has been associated with a poor prognosis for AIDS patients with
      Kaposi's sarcoma. Strong evidence from a variety of clinical situations indicates
      that malnutrition per se adversely affects the cellular immune system and the
      susceptibility of individuals to infectious problems. In addition, weight loss of
      the degree commonly seen in the AIDS population places patients at risk of death
      because of resultant organ dysfunction. Moreover, severe weight loss may preclude
      recovery from infectious complications that otherwise would not represent a
      lethal challenge to the host. Because even appropriately directed therapies may
      not be successful when used in patients with severe weight loss, it is crucial to
      identify the mechanism of the weight loss associated with AIDS and to rapidly
      initiate evaluation of agents capable of altering or reversing this potentially
      lethal complication.

PMID- 4070012
TI  - Use of automated data bases to study drug effects after marketing.

PMID- 4070013
TI  - Vasopressin and vasotocin facilitate reversal of a brightness discrimination.
AB  - Male albino rats received vasopressin, vasotocin, pressinoic acid or placebo and
      were tested on an aversively motivated brightness discrimination task. Treatment
      with both vasopressin and vasotocin had no effect on acquisition but facilitated
      the reversal of the discrimination. Pressinoic acid had an inconsistent effect.
      The results are interpreted to show that the C terminal of the peptides
      vasopressin and vasotocin influence potency of these peptides. Furthermore, the
      results are interpreted as showing that both vasotocin and vasopressin influence
      selective attention during aversively motivated tasks.

PMID- 4070014
TI  - Sentence memory affected by vasopressin analog (DDAVP) in cross-over experiment.
AB  - DDAVP has been shown to facilitate memory, especially retrieval, in humans.
      Healthy young male adult subjects received DDAVP (60 micrograms) in a cross-over
      design with a one-week interval between sessions. Results indicated that DDAVP
      improved immediate memory during the first but not the second testing session,
      particularly for low-verbal subjects. Treatment with DDAVP also facilitated
      delayed (one-week) recall in the opposite group, a cross-over interaction that
      suggests a retrieval locus for the DDAVP effect. Furthermore, since DDAVP
      improved immediate memory more for low-verbal subjects and delayed memory more
      for high-verbal subjects, it appears that individual difference factors will be
      important in understanding the effects of vasopressin on memory.

PMID- 4070015
TI  - Antinociceptive and other opioid effects of a new series of dermorphin analogues
      after subcutaneous administration in the rat.
AB  - A series of hepta-, hexa-, penta- and tetrapeptide analogues of dermorphin have
      been evaluated in the rat for antinociceptive activity after subcutaneous (SC)
      administration at the screening dose of 4 mg/kg. Effective doses (ED50) were
      calculated for the most active compounds. Presence of spontaneous movements,
      defecation, micturition and corneal reflex were also recorded. Syntheses and
      analytical data of new derivatives are briefly reported.

PMID- 4070016
TI  - Des-Tyr1-gamma-endorphin (DT gamma E) and des-enkephalin-gamma-endorphin (DE
      gamma E): plasma profile and brain uptake after systemic administration in the
      rat.
AB  - The plasma disappearance, metabolism and uptake in the brain of [3H-Phe4]-DT
      gamma E and [3H-Lys9]-DE gamma E were investigated following systemic
      administration of these neuroleptic-like peptides to rats. 3H-DT gamma E, 3H-DE
      gamma E and their radioactive metabolites in plasma and brain extracts were
      determined by reversed-phase HPLC. Plasma disappearance of DT gamma E upon
      intravenous (IV) dosing followed a biphasic pattern with half-lives of 0.7 min
      (distribution phase) and 5.5 min (elimination phase). For DE gamma E the plasma
      disappearance curve was best characterized by a one-compartment model since a
      second elimination phase was hardly detectable by our methods. The corresponding
      half-life was 0.6 min, probably representative for the initial distribution phase
      of DE gamma E. Both neuropeptides distributed rapidly over the larger part of the
      extracellular fluid. Following the IV route of administration, brain uptake of DT
      gamma E and DE gamma E appeared to be low. Brain levels of DT gamma E decreased
      from 0.0075% to 0.0031% of the administered dose/g tissue at 2-15.5 min after
      injection, whereas those of DE gamma E decreased very rapidly from 0.0174% of the
      dose/g brain tissue to below the detection limit at 2-4.5 min after injection. As
      compared to the IV route of administration, subcutaneous (SC) injection of DE
      gamma E resulted into lower but remarkably longer-lasting peptide concentrations
      in plasma as well as in brain, possibly because of a sustained release from the
      SC site of injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4070017
TI  - Characterization of opioid peptides from maternal and fetal sheep adrenal glands.
AB  - Enkephalin immunoreactive material from adrenal glands was characterized both in
      maternal and fetal sheep at various gestational ages. Whole gland extracts from
      both maternal and fetal sheep contained three major peaks of Enk immunoreactivity
      corresponding to apparent molecular weights of 10,000, 2800, and less than 1200
      daltons. The majority of maternal adrenal Enk immunoreactivity was found in
      medullary tissue, although cortex also contained low but detectable amounts. This
      was also the case in newborn lambs and 139 day fetuses, where adrenal cortex was
      sufficiently developed to allow extraction and quantitation of opioid material.
      In fetuses at mid-gestation (70-80 days), adrenal medullary Enk immunoreactivity
      was approximately 75% of maternal values. Met-Enk and Leu-Enk content in 139 day
      fetal medulla were 70 and 76% of maternal values respectively, while newborn Met-
      and Leu-Enk medullary content were similar to maternal values. The molar ratio of
      Met-Enk to Leu-Enk was approximately 4:1 in both maternal and fetal adrenal
      medulla, and 2:1 in adrenal cortex, suggesting different synthetic processing of
      opioid peptides in the two tissues. The early appearance of significant levels of
      adrenal medullary Enk immunoreactivity and subsequent development paralleling
      that of catecholamines suggest a predominant role for adrenal enkephalins in
      regulation of fetal cardiovascular function early in gestation.

PMID- 4070018
TI  - The effect of the estrous cycle and estrogen on the release of immunoreactive
      alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone.
AB  - Circulating levels and tissue content of alpha-MSH were measured on the morning
      of various days of the estrous cycle, and on the afternoon of proestrus in freely
      moving conscious rats. No surges of alpha-MSH were detected by RIA in the morning
      of various days of the cycle. The neurointermediate lobe content of alpha-MSH was
      slightly elevated on diestrus 1 as compared to the levels on diestrus 11 and
      proestrus but not to estrous levels. No changes in alpha-MSH content were
      detected in the anterior pituitary, the median eminence, mediobasal hypothalamus
      and the preoptic area at various stages of the estrous cycle. Plasma alpha-MSH
      levels were slightly elevated at 1500 hr of proestrus which was followed three
      hours later by a decline. This profile of plasma alpha-MSH on the afternoon of
      proestrus was reproduced by the SC administration of estradiol benzoate to long
      term ovariectomized rats. These data suggest that, contrary to the results
      obtained by bioassay of alpha-MSH no surges of alpha-MSH occur on any day of the
      cycle, although a slight elevation on the afternoon of proestrus was detected.
      The altered pattern of release of this peptide on the afternoon of proestrus may
      be induced by estrogen.

PMID- 4070019
TI  - An increase in startle response in rats administered oxytocin.
AB  - Twenty-four male albino Wistar rats were allocated to four groups and given
      either 23.2, 11.6 or 5.8 IU OXT/kg or vehicle (0.9% saline). A significant
      increase in startle response was observed in the 11.6 and 5.8 IU OXT/kg groups
      when compared to vehicle. Our results further support the suggestion that OXT is
      a "stress hormone" by implicating this peptide with increased
      emotionality/reactivity during a stressful experience.

PMID- 4070020
TI  - Cholinergic and VIPergic effects on thyroid hormone secretion in the mouse.
AB  - The thyroid gland is known to harbor cholinergic and VIPergic nerves. In the
      present study, the influences of cholinergic stimulation by carbachol,
      cholinergic blockade by methylatropine and stimulation with various VIP sequences
      on basal, TSH-induced and VIP-induced thyroid hormone section were investigated
      in vivo in mice. The mice were pretreated with 125I and thyroxine; the subsequent
      release of 125I is an estimation of thyroid hormone secretion. It was found that
      basal radioiodine secretion was inhibited by both carbachol and methylatropine.
      Furthermore, TSH-induced radioiodine secretion was inhibited already by a low
      dose of carbachol. Moreover, a high dose of carbachol could inhibit VIP-induced
      radioiodine secretion. Methylatropine did not influence TSH- or VIP-stimulated
      radioiodine secretion, but counteracted the inhibitory action of carbachol on TSH
      and VIP-induced radioiodine release. In addition, contrary to VIP, six various
      synthesized VIP fragments had no effect on basal or stimulated radioiodine
      release. It is concluded that basal thyroid hormone secretion is inhibited by
      both cholinergic activation and blockade. Furthermore, TSH-induced thyroid
      hormone secretion is more sensitive to inhibition with cholinergic stimulation
      than is VIP-induced thyroid hormone secretion. In addition, the VIP stimulation
      of thyroid hormone secretion seems to require the full VIP sequence.

PMID- 4070021
TI  - Potentiation of vasopressin analgesia in rats treated neonatally with monosodium
      glutamate.
AB  - The analgesic response elicited by central administration of arginine vasopressin
      (AVP) appears to be dependent upon the integrity of the hypothalamic
      paraventricular nucleus (PVN), since lesions placed in the PVN eliminate AVP
      analgesia. A projection to the zona externa of the median eminence constitutes
      one of the VP-containing efferents of the PVN. Neonatal treatment with monosodium
      glutamate (MSG) destroys perikarya of the arcuate nucleus and median eminence.
      The present study examined whether AVP analgesia was affected in the MSG-treated
      rat and whether these alterations were accompanied by specific changes in VP
      immunoreactivity in the zona externa of the median eminence. Female rats,
      neonatally treated with either MSG or a saline control, were tested as adults on
      the tail-flick test following intracerebroventricular injections of 0, 75, 150
      and 500 ng doses of AVP. After testing, selected animals were prepared for AVP
      and oxytocin immunocytochemistry of the median eminence. Significant
      potentiations in the magnitude of AVP analgesia were observed in MSG-treated
      rats. AVP and oxytocin immunoreactivity in the zona interna and oxytocin
      immunoreactivity in the zona externa of the median eminence were similar in MSG
      treated and control rats. In contrast, AVP immunoreactivity in the zona externa
      of the median eminence was markedly reduced in the MSG-treated rat. These data
      suggest that VP analgesia may normally be inhibited by those medial-basal
      hypothalamic neurons affected by neonatal MSG treatment.

PMID- 4070022
TI  - Vasopressin and ethanol preference. I. Effects of vasopressin and the fragment
      DGAVP on altered ethanol preference in Brattleboro diabetes insipidus rats.
AB  - Preference for concentrations of ethanol between 2.2 and 10 percent versus tap
      water was studied in Brattleboro rats homozygous for diabetes insipidus (di/di),
      heterozygous (di/+) or normal (+/+). The di/di rats, totally lacking in
      vasopressin, had greatly reduced preference scores for all concentrations of
      ethanol. Their intake of ethanol (g/day) was higher than heterozygotes or
      normals, but only when 2.2 percent ethanol was offered as a choice.
      Administration of lysine vasopressin or the vasopressin fragment des-9
      Glycinamide-[Arginine8] vasopressin (DGAVP) using osmotic minipumps enhanced
      ethanol preference scores, reduced ethanol (g/day) intake, and restored total
      daily fluid intake in di/di rats. When di/di and di/+ rats were first allowed to
      develop stable ethanol preference before treatment with DGAVP, the peptide had no
      effect on preference scores. Thus, no treatment was effective in dissociating
      polydipsia from reduced ethanol preference and increased ethanol intake. While
      these results cannot exclude a possible regulatory role for endogenous
      vasopressin in ethanol preference drinking, they more strongly suggest that
      reduced preference for ethanol and increased ethanol intake are epiphenomena
      secondary to a polydipsic state.

PMID- 4070023
TI  - Vasopressin and ethanol preference. II. Altered preference in two strains of
      diabetes insipidus rats and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus mice.
AB  - In the first paper of this series, the influence of a single gene (di) for
      vasopressin deficiency on ethanol intake in rats was demonstrated. We studied
      preference for concentrations of ethanol between 2.2 and 10 percent versus tap
      water in Brattleboro rats homozygous for diabetes insipidus (di/di), heterozygous
      (di/+) or normal (+/+). The di/di rats, totally lacking in vasopressin, had
      greatly reduced preference scores for all concentrations of ethanol. Their intake
      of ethanol (g/day) was higher than heterozygotes or normals, but only when 2.2
      percent ethanol was offered as a choice. Treatment with vasopressin or related
      peptides restored ethanol drinking to normal but also corrected water balance. In
      the experiments reported here, Roman High Avoidance (RHA) rats of three genotypes
      (+/+, di/+, and di/di) were also tested for ethanol intake and preference with
      similar but not identical results. Thus, the effects of the di gene are
      independent of the genetic background on which it is placed to at least some
      extent. Chlorothiazide, a drug unrelated to vasopressin, also normalized ethanol
      drinking and corrected water balance in di/di rats. In nephrogenic diabetes
      insipidus mice, there was a strong negative correlation between severity of
      polydipsia and preference for ethanol. Thus, no paradigm tested was effective in
      dissociating polydipsia from reduced ethanol preference and increased ethanol
      intake. While these results cannot exclude a possible regulatory role for
      endogenous vasopressin in ethanol preference drinking, they more strongly suggest
      that reduced preference for ethanol and increased ethanol intake are epiphenomena
      secondary to a polydipsic state.

PMID- 4070024
TI  - Factors affecting angiotensin II-induced hypothermia in rats.
AB  - Systemic administration of angiotensin II (AII) to the rat has previously been
      shown to induce a dose-dependent, hypothermic response manifested by a fall in
      colonic temperature (CT), a decrease in heat production and an increase in tail
      skin temperature (TST). The factors mediating AII-induced hypothermia and their
      site of action were the subjects of the present investigation. To this end,
      intracerebroventricular administration of 1 microgram of AII induced a 0.4
      degrees C reduction in CT and a 2.4 degrees C increase in TST. In contrast, SC
      administration of 200 micrograms angiotensin III/kg induced a slight increase in
      CT but had no affect on TST. Pretreatment with the AII-receptor antagonist,
      saralasin, at either 1 or 10 micrograms/kg, SC did not affect either the fall in
      CT or the increase in TST induced by administration of 200 micrograms AII/kg, SC.
      However, the administration of 100 micrograms saralasin/kg, SC attenuated both
      the fall in CT and the increase in TST induced by either 100 or 200 micrograms
      AII/kg. Since both the presynaptic alpha adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, and the
      opioid antagonist, naloxone, modulate the pressor and dipsogenic responses to
      AII, their effects on AII-induced hypothermia were tested. Both clonidine (25
      micrograms/kg, SC) and naloxone (1 mg/kg, IP) enhanced the fall in CT. Clonidine
      lengthened the duration of the increase in TST while naloxone had no effect.
      Pretreatment with the presynaptic adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine (300
      micrograms/kg, SC), did not alter the hypothermic response to administration of
      AII. To determine whether vasodilation of the tail of the rat was mediated by AII
      induced prostaglandin release, indomethacin (4 and 6 mg/kg) was
      administered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4070025
TI  - A qualitative and quantitative transmission electronmicroscopic study of the
      immediate pigment darkening reaction.
AB  - Five healthy Caucasians, 3 having skin type II and 2 having skin type III, were
      UVA irradiated up to 14.5 J/cm2. Punch biopsies were taken before and immediately
      after irradiation and processed for transmission electron microscopy. Qualitative
      observations of the keratinocytes were obtained from the 5 subjects, while
      morphometry was performed on 1 subject with immediate pigment darkening reaction
      (IPD) (skin type III) and 1 without IPD (skin type II). The number of preformed
      melanosomes was 10-fold higher in the melanocytes and keratinocytes of the
      subject showing IPD as compared with the one who did not. No statistically
      significant difference, however, was observed in either skin type regarding the
      number of mature (stage IV) melanosomes of basal keratinocytes or melanocytes,
      size of melanosomes or redistribution of melanosomes in keratinocytes after UVA
      irradiation. No changes of the ultrastructure in the keratinocytes could be
      observed. It is concluded that the IPD consists of a photochemical reaction in
      preformed melanosomes and that the absence of IPD in skin type II could be due to
      the presence of too few preformed melanosomes.

PMID- 4070026
TI  - A photoacoustic investigation of the influence of some constituents of the
      stratum corneum on ultraviolet absorption.
AB  - Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) was used to evaluate light absorption by solid
      samples. Application of this technique to the human stratum corneum (SC) was used
      to investigate the influence of some constituents of SC (water, lipids,
      hydrophilic substances) on ultraviolet (UV) absorption by this tissue. The
      results showed that the water content of SC modified the PAS signal obtained. For
      example, there was a fall of over 20% in the UV absorption coefficient when the
      SC water-content rose from 0 to 30%. Epidermal lipids were not shown to have any
      direct effect on UV absorption by SC. However, indirectly they do seem to have
      protected some of the hydrophilic substances from water extraction. After removal
      of these hydrophilic substances, the UV absorption from SC was greatly decreased.
      Results indicated that these hydrophilic substances were protected in situ by
      polar lipids enmeshed within the structure of SC.

PMID- 4070027
TI  - The relationship of immediate pigment darkening to minimal erythemal dose, skin
      type, and eye color.
AB  - Immediate pigment darkening (IPD) was recorded in over 1,300 volunteers
      participating in routine sun protection factor (SPF) testing. Medical history
      obtained included skin type, hair color, eye color, sunburn sensitivity, tanning
      ability, and current medications. The presence of IPD and the energy needed to
      produce it were recorded immediately following exposure to a filtered 2500 W
      xenon are solar simulator. Minimal erythemal dose (MED) values were recorded 16
      24 hours post-exposure. The average MED was lowest for skin type I and highest
      for skin type IV. The IPD dose was also lowest for skin type I and highest for
      skin type IV. However, the average IPD dose was greater than the MED for skin
      type I and lower than the MED for skin type IV. For skin types II and III, the
      average IPD dose and MED were almost equivalent. For skin type I, 64% required
      equivalent or greater energy to produce IPD than their MED, and 30% showed no IPD
      at energy levels sufficient to produce erythema, whereas all skin type IV's had a
      measurable IPD response. For volunteers of skin type II and III showing no
      measurable IPD, the predominant eye color was blue or green (74%). Sunscreen
      usage altered the IPD response for all 4 skin types.

PMID- 4070028
TI  - Thin layer chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography of musk
      ambrette and other nitromusk compounds including photopatch studies.
AB  - For qualitative and quantitative analysis of musk ambrette and 4 other nitromusk
      compounds (musk ketone, moskene, musk tibetine, musk xylene) thin layer
      chromatography (TLC) and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques
      were developed. By TLC a reasonable separation was obtained and the limit of
      detection was 2-5 x 10(-7) g. By HPLC the separation was even better and the
      limit of detection for musk ambrette was 2 x 10(-9) g. The correlation between
      the amount of musk ambrette/ketone and the HPLC peak was linear. The TLC and HPLC
      techniques were used to demonstrate the presence of nitromusks in several
      commercial products, mainly aftershave lotions and eau-de-toilettes preparations.
      By ultraviolet spectrophotometry, absorption spectra were studied for the
      nitromusk compounds. The absorption maximum for musk ambrette was at 264 nm, that
      for moskene at 253 nm. Photopatch testing was carried out in 13 patients
      photoallergic to musk ambrette. Only 3 patients also reacted to other nitromusks.
      Photoallergey to musk ketone and musk tibetine is reported for the first time.

PMID- 4070029
TI  - Contact allergy to photoproducts of musk ambrette.
AB  - A patient with photocontact allergy to musk ambrette was investigated with patch
      and photopatch testing with dilutions of musk ambrette and 4 other nitro-musk
      compounds (musk ketone, moskene, musk tibetine, musk xylene) as well as with in
      vitro ultraviolet-irradiated solutions of musk ambrette. Besides a strong
      photoallergy to musk ambrette, a plain contact allergy to photoproducts of musk
      ambrette was demonstrated. An attempt to isolate the photoproducts causing the
      plain contact allergy was performed by using a preparative thin layer
      chromatography technique. These isolated photoproducts were not, however,
      responsible for the contact allergy to the photodecomposed musk ambrette.

PMID- 4070030
TI  - Abnormally low UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in cells from a patient with
      hydroa vacciniforme.
AB  - Skin fibroblasts from a patient with the photosensitive disorder hydroa
      vacciniforme were tested in vitro for DNA repair capacity. The rate of
      ultraviolet light (254 nm)-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in these
      fibroblasts was found to be 51-59% of the rate found in 4 normal fibroblasts
      strains. The patient had none of the clinical signs of the classic DNA deficient
      disease, xeroderma pigmentosum.

PMID- 4070031
TI  - Treatment of uremic pruritus with blue light.

PMID- 4070032
TI  - Assessment by a quantitative technique of UVA and PUVA in the treatment of
      palmoplantar pustulosis.

PMID- 4070033
TI  - PUVA-induced change in skin type from type III and type IV.

PMID- 4070034
TI  - Argon laser therapy for port wine stains.

PMID- 4070035
TI  - Use of photoactivated chlorpromazine in avian leukemia.

PMID- 4070036
TI  - [Does cholecystectomy increase the risk of development of cancer of the large
      intestine?].

PMID- 4070037
TI  - [Cancer of the kidneys in the internal disease clinic].

PMID- 4070038
TI  - [Our observations during treatment of malignant neoplasms of the adrenal cortex].

PMID- 4070040
TI  - [Problems of medical philosophy: remarks on the ethics of institutions and
      medical health care teams].

PMID- 4070039
TI  - [Giant mixed tumor of the parotid gland].

PMID- 4070041
TI  - [The moire technic in epidemiological studies of spinal curvatures].

PMID- 4070042
TI  - [Ganglia: their ultrastructure and origin].

PMID- 4070044
TI  - [Clinical and electronystagmography picture of Kimmerle's anomaly].

PMID- 4070043
TI  - [Patients' assessment of the results of surgical treatment of degenerative
      deforming changes in the hip joint].

PMID- 4070045
TI  - [Administration of phosphates and 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 during the
      postoperative immobilization of children with familial hypophosphatemic rickets].

PMID- 4070046
TI  - [Observations with regard to the rehabilitation of children after amputation of
      lower limbs].

PMID- 4070047
TI  - [Rehabilitation-orthopedic treatment of Dupuytren's disease].

PMID- 4070049
TI  - [Changes in taste sensitivity in peptic ulcer during exacerbation and after
      surgical treatment].

PMID- 4070048
TI  - [Analysis of various aspects of stomach and duodenal ulcers in the Silesia
      Region].

PMID- 4070050
TI  - [Early and delayed results of treatment of perforated ulcers of the stomach and
      duodenum by emergency gastric resection using the Rydygier-Zaorski method].

PMID- 4070051
TI  - [Diagnosis of duodenogastric reflux in patients after cholecystectomy].

PMID- 4070052
TI  - [Mycosis of the stomach].

PMID- 4070053
TI  - [From the area of medical philosophy: biological and cultural mechanisms in the
      development of man and his health].

PMID- 4070054
TI  - [Basic aspects of noise].

PMID- 4070055
TI  - [Effect of industrial vibration and noise on lymphocytic chromosomes].

PMID- 4070056
TI  - [Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test in workers exposed to mechanical
      vibration and noise].

PMID- 4070057
TI  - [Interpretation of the bronchodilation test in chronic obstructive disease].

PMID- 4070058
TI  - [Disorders of cardiac rhythm and conduction in sportsmen].

PMID- 4070059
TI  - [Fatal accident in a sauna].

PMID- 4070060
TI  - [Coronary arteriosclerosis and alcoholism in a pathomorphological picture: 1. The
      control group--coronary arteriosclerosis and the incidence of myocardial
      infarction in non-alcoholics (autopsy data 1978-1983)].

PMID- 4070061
TI  - [Coronary arteriosclerosis and alcoholism in a pathomorphological picture: 2. The
      study group--coronary arteriosclerosis and the incidence of myocardial infarction
      in alcoholics (autopsy data 1962-1984)].

PMID- 4070062
TI  - [Coronary arteriosclerosis in a pathomorphological picture: 3. Comparison of the
      incidence and intensity of coronary arteriosclerosis and the incidence of
      myocardial infarction in men, both non-alcoholics and alcoholics].

PMID- 4070063
TI  - [Clinical diagnosis of infarction of the right ventricle].

PMID- 4070064
TI  - [Explosion of the battery--unusual complication of a permanent artificial
      pacemaker].

PMID- 4070065
TI  - New morphological and biochemical aspects of atherosclerosis.
AB  - According to morphological and biochemical findings, disturbances of metabolism
      (turnover) and function of smooth muscle cells and proteoglycans/GAG are decisive
      for the development of early and progressive atherosclerotic changes. The
      feedback dependencies between the smooth muscle cells and the components of the
      extracellular substance demonstrated, permit to call primary target points of
      atherogenic injuries of al constituents of this regulating circle system. If the
      increased turnovers of the arterial components do not return to a normal
      equilibrium, the result is hyperplasia of the cellular and intercellular
      constituents. The early atherosclerotic lesions can progress or relapse. In late
      and regressive lesions, the cell content as well as the anabolic and esp. the
      catabolic processes decrease. There result scars rich in collagen fibres and
      poorer in cells, ground substance, and elastin. The healing of atherosclerotic
      lesions can take place in any stage, the later the more difficult and
      insufficient. Disturbances of the fat metabolism, the own synthesis, and the
      intake of substances by smooth muscle and hematogenic cells are secondary sequels
      of the primary early atherosclerotic alterations and might be regarded as
      metabolic lesion of the smooth muscle cells. Other secondary and tertiary
      processes (calcification, fibrous degeneration, esp. of elastin) support the
      hypothesis that the early atherosclerotic lesions and their progress may finally
      start and perpetuate a metabolic insufficiency of the arterial wall.

PMID- 4070066
TI  - Mechanical vascular changes and hypertension: pathological consequences.
AB  - Arteries are more than simple conduits for blood, they are a functionally active
      part of the cardiovascular system. Their mechanical performance is preserved at
      different levels of blood pressure and adapts to progressive increases but this
      functional change is accompanied by wall changes (e.g. medial thickening,
      scleroprotein increase) which have pathological effects. The way in which these
      changes are brought about is discussed.

PMID- 4070067
TI  - Arterial remodeling following mechanical injury. The role and nature of smooth
      muscle cells.
AB  - The main feature of an atherosclerotic plaque is the formation of a new tissue in
      the arteries. In this respect atherosclerosis is similar to other conditions
      where non-neoplastic tissue formation occurs like in embryogenesis, in healing or
      in repair processes. A progressive intimal thickening occurs in the early phase
      of human atherosclerotic lesions and also in certain experimental models. Long
      standing aortic intimal thickening could be induced by mechanical injury to the
      inner surface of the aorta with a microsurgical instrument, which causes
      controlled endothelial denudation. The injury is followed by an arterial
      remodeling. The latter process is caused by the development of an intimal plaque
      which consists of two main components: the smooth muscle cell (SMC) and the
      intercellular matrix. The matrix components are mostly synthetized by the SMC.
      Two distinct SMC populations could be distinguished by morphological means in the
      intimal proliferation: the synthetizing type and the proliferating type. Their
      role will be discussed and their morphological appearance will be compared with
      SMC present in other lesions.

PMID- 4070068
TI  - Delayed experimental atherosclerotic involvement of cerebral arteries in monkeys
      and rabbits (light, sem and tem observations).
AB  - In monkeys (Rhesus and Cynomolgus) and in rabbits on atherogenic diets, the
      experimental atherosclerotic involvement of cerebral arteries is strongly
      delayed. When extracranial arteries appear already heavily involved, no or
      minimal involvement of intracranial arteries is found even at scanning and/or
      transmission EM examination. The Concanavalin A reactivity, which is positive at
      the endothelial cell surface in other arterial districts, is lacking in the
      cerebral arteries of monkeys and rabbits. The possible significance of these
      findings is evaluated.

PMID- 4070069
TI  - Cystadenolymphoma: an immunohistochemical study with special reference to Ig E
      and mastcells.
AB  - Cystadenolymphomas (adenolymphomas) were analysed by immunohistochemical studies
      for the presence of immunoglobulin A, E, G and M. The distribution pattern was
      examined by a quantitative analysis. The relative ratio of immunoglobulins was
      31.8% (Ig A), 26.6% (Ig E), 28.6% (Ig G) and 13% (Ig M). The different
      compartments of the lymphoid stroma were analysed separately (subepithelial area,
      parafollicular area, follicular area). The distribution of mast cells was studied
      in a parallel approach by the toluidine blue technique. These cells were found in
      the stroma, but also in the epithelial parts. Our results show that the
      subepithelial zone in cystadenolymphomas is a region of special cellular reaction
      (plasma cells, mast cells). The Ig E producing plasma cells and the mastcells
      seem to play a special role in these tumors.

PMID- 4070070
TI  - Evaluation of mesenchymal cell atypia.

PMID- 4070071
TI  - Atypical mitoses in elevated dysplasias of the stomach.
AB  - The number and topographic localization of spontaneously occurring mitotic
      figures were studied in 22 elevated dysplasias of the stomach. The lesions were
      divided into 3 equally thick zones. Mitoses occurred in 5 of 7 slight dysplasias,
      in 7 of 8 moderate dysplasias, and in all 7 severe dysplasias. When present,
      mitoses were localized to the superficial zone in slight, moderate and severe
      dysplasias, in the middle zone in some moderate dysplasias, and in almost all
      severe dysplasias. In the deeper zone, mitoses were seen in one of the moderate
      dysplasias and in as much as 5 of the severe dysplasias. The number of mitoses
      were significantly higher in moderate and severe dysplasia, when compared to
      slight dysplasia. The percentage of atypical mitoses increased gradually from 27%
      in slight dysplasia to 41% in moderate, and 52% in severe dysplasias. In the
      adjacent, non-dysplastic gastric mucosa, a 1.5% of atypical mitoses was found.
      Significantly higher amounts of atypical mitoses were recorded in severe
      dysplasias, as compared to slight and moderate dysplasias. The results suggest
      that the various types of elevated dysplasias (slight, moderate and severe) of
      the stomach may be distinguished, not only by the characteristics of the atypical
      cells in interphase--as is the case today--but also by the topographic
      distribution of mitoses and by the difference in percentage of atypical mitoses
      occurring in these lesions. The possible significance of the mitosis as a
      biohistological marker of the behaviour of elevated dysplasias of the stomach is
      discussed.

PMID- 4070072
TI  - Fine structural alterations in chronic Achilles paratenonitis in athletes.
AB  - The fine structural alterations in chronic Achilles paratenonitis were studied in
      tissue samples obtained from 14 athletes, who were operated on for this complaint
      and from 3 patients without any history of this disease. In the chronically
      inflamed paratendineal tissue mainly two types of cells were identified: classic
      fibroblasts with a smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum and only a few
      mitochondria and lysosomes and myofibroblast-like cells with cytoplasmic
      microfilaments 5-6 nm in diameter, a rough endoplasmic reticulum, some
      mitochondrias and free ribosomes. These cells represented 19% of 471 studied non
      inflammatory cells. In the extracellular space there was an increased amount of
      fibrils regarded as either type I or type III collagen as sign of tissue repair.
      Especially around the myofibroblastic cells a fine granular ground substance was
      found. The amount of ground substance was as a rule increased in pericellular
      space. Due to the capacity of contraction in healing tissue the myofibroblasts
      apparently have a role in the clinical symptoms of chronic Achilles
      paratenonitis.

PMID- 4070073
TI  - Tangier disease. A histological and ultrastructural study.
AB  - A case of Tangier disease with results of histological and ultrastructural
      studies is reported. The clinical, biological and histological picture was
      typical, with enlarged liver and spleen, voluminous tonsils, low blood levels of
      alpha-lipoproteins and cholesterol and high blood levels of triglycerides. The
      histological study revealed widespread tissue storage of cholesterol esters in
      the Mononuclear Phagocyte System. Lipid deposits were located in foamy
      histiocytes by staining with lipid-specific stains. The ultrastructural study
      revealed intracytoplasmic vacuoles unbounded by membranes and often confluent.
      Unlike other previously described cases, this one had a rapid fatal outcome.

PMID- 4070074
TI  - What's new in hepatitis delta virus?
AB  - Seven years of clinical and laboratory research have provided us with a rather
      good knowledge of the infectious agent that causes hepatitis delta. This agent is
      a small RNA containing virus (hepatitis delta virus), which is functionally
      incomplete and needs the help of hepatitis B virus for infection and replication.
      It is unique also in respect to its RNA, which is smaller than the RNA of every
      other known RNA virus, but larger than the RNA of the viroids of higher plants.
      Animal experiments as well as clinical studies showed that hepatitis delta virus
      infection can be transmitted either simultaneously with hepatitis B, leading to a
      clinical picture which usually resembles that of hepatitis B alone, or as
      superinfection of a chronic HBsAg-carrier. The latter often leads to severe, and
      sometimes fatal, acute hepatitis, followed by chronic liver disease in as many as
      30-40% of cases. The hepatitis delta virus is distributed world-wide, showing a
      high endemicity in Italy and some Arab countries, but also in certain risk groups
      such as intravenous drug addicts and haemophilics. Further epidemiological
      studies will probably reveal other foci where the hepatitis delta virus is
      endemic; especially in Africa, areas of high endemicity of hepatitis delta virus
      are suspected. Extensive research on delta agent is continuing: further clinical
      studies, using the highly sensitive method of DNA-RNA-hybridization for the
      detection of hepatitis delta virus RNA, will tell us more about the role of this
      virus in acute and chronic hepatitis, and future biochemical and biological
      research may be expected to increase our insight into the still enigmatic
      cooperation of the hepatitis delta virus and hepatitis B viruses.

PMID- 4070075
TI  - Thymus carcinoid.
AB  - A carcinoid of the thymus was studied by light- and electron-microscopy,
      immunohistology and flow-cytometry. The tumor showed a ribbon- and festoon-like
      growth-pattern with foci of necrosis, invasion of vessels and infiltration of
      mediastinal lymph nodes. The cytoplasma of the tumor-cells contained
      neuroendocrine granula and immunohistochemistry of ACTH was positive. The tumor
      cells were connected by desmosomes, correlating to a pre-keratin positive
      immunohistology. In flow-cytometry the tumor-cells showed a near haploid DNA
      aneuploidy which is an extremely rare finding in solid tumors and in the few
      cases described indicative for treatment resistance.

PMID- 4070076
TI  - Hungarian and Polish Pharmacological Societies. 7th joint symposium: Dopamine.
      Zakopane 12-15 September 1984, Poland.

PMID- 4070077
TI  - The effect of GYKI-32 887 on dopamine (D2) and serotonin (5-HT1 and 5-HT2)
      receptors.
AB  - Investigations were carried out with a dopamine agonist compound GYKI-32 887 to
      compare its binding capacity towards D2, 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors. Synaptosomal
      membranes were prepared from corpus striatum, hippocampus and frontal cortex of
      rats. The tritiated ligands used were: 3H-spiperone for D2 and 5-HT2 receptors
      and 3H-5-HT for 5-HT1 receptors. Comparing the results obtained, IC50 and Ki
      values, one can conclude that GYKI-32 887 has higher affinity towards D2
      receptors than serotonin ones and shows better selectivity than bromocriptine,
      the reference substance.

PMID- 4070078
TI  - Lisuride and transdihydrolisuride: differences in action on central dopaminergic
      functions in dependence on the location and the state of receptors.
AB  - The effects of apomorphine, lisuride and 9, 10 transdihydrolisuride (TDHL) were
      compared on two models of rotating rat. In rats with 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA)
      induced unilateral lesions, all three drugs evoked contralateral rotation. By
      contrast, in rats with unilateral electrolytical lesions of the striatum, only
      apomorphine and lisuride acted as agonists. TDHL did not cause any circling and
      inhibited rotation induced by apomorphine and lisuride. In other experiments the
      effects on body temperature was examined. All three drugs lowered the rectal
      temperature in normal mice; however, only apomorphine and--to some extent-
      lisuride reversed the hypothermia induced by reserpine. Both lisuride and TDHL
      inhibited the hypothermia reversal induced by apomorphine. The presented results
      are interpreted in terms of lower intrinsic activities of TDHL and lisuride in
      comparison with apomorphine. The lower intrinsic activity is manifested as
      partial agonist or antagonist type of action in dependence on the location and
      the state of receptors.

PMID- 4070079
TI  - The responsiveness of the endogenous inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase
      to apomorphine in rat striatum after prolonged treatment with nomifensin.
AB  - Apomorphine produced biphasic changes in the activity of an endogenous, specific
      inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (type I inhibitor). Small doses of
      apomorphine (50-100 micrograms/kg) induced an increase while high doses (1-10
      mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent decrease of the type I inhibitor activity in the
      striatum of control rats. Prolonged treatment with nomifensin markedly reduced
      the response of the type I inhibitor both to low and high doses of apomorphine
      and shifted the dose-response curves to the right. The apomorphine-induced
      increase of the type I inhibitor activity in nomifensin-pretreated rats was
      blocked by aminophylline and by small, presynaptically active doses of
      haloperidol. This suggests that small doses of apomorphine stimulate presynaptic
      D2 receptor. The apomorphine-induced decrease of the type I inhibitor activity in
      nomifensin pretreated animals was enhanced by aminophylline and by
      presynaptically active dose of haloperidol. In contrast, this action of
      apomorphine was blocked by high, postsynaptically active, dose of haloperidol. It
      suggested postsynaptic site of action of high doses of apomorphine. Prolonged
      pretreatment with nomifensin resulted in subsensitivity of both presynaptic D2
      and postsynaptic D1 receptors.

PMID- 4070080
TI  - Increased low-affinity 3H-spiroperidol binding to rat cortical membranes after
      chronic antidepressant treatments.
AB  - Looking for receptor correlates of increased motor response to dopaminergic
      stimulation in rats after antidepressant treatments, we measured specific 3H
      spiroperidol binding to membranes from various brain ureas in rats receiving
      chronically electroconvulsive shock (ECS), imipramine or trazodone. In all groups
      the low-affinity 3H-spiroperidol binding (KD approximately 3 nM) was increased in
      the cortex, but not in the subcortical areas.

PMID- 4070082
TI  - The role of central dopamine (DA) receptors in the regulation of blood pressure.
AB  - GYKI-32 887 reveals an antihypertensive action, similar to that of the known
      ergoline derivatives, in conscious SH-rats, in anesthetized normotensive rats,
      and in cats. It exerts its action first of all by stimulation of the central DA
      receptors and by this it reduces the sympathetic activity. The hypotensive effect
      cannot be detected after icv administration, but both the hypotension and
      bradycardia can be antagonized by sulpiride administered either icv or iv.

PMID- 4070083
TI  - Dose-related effects of dopamine on microcirculatory blood flow in resting and
      active state.
AB  - We compared the effects of low and high doses of dopamine and dobutamine (a
      synthetic catecholamine) on blood flow in relaxed or exercising muscles.
      Experiments were performed on rabbits. Blood flow in the muscles (calf) was
      estimated with the clearance method of radionuclide 133Xe. Dopamine and
      dobutamine were infused (iv) in doses of 20 or 40 micrograms/kg/min. Dopamine
      reduced muscle blood flow in resting state; this effect was more pronounced after
      higher doses. Dobutamine increased the flow; low doses were less effective.
      Dopamine may be an important determinant of the distribution of cardiac output to
      various vascular regions.

PMID- 4070081
TI  - Dopaminergic inhibition of sympathetic activity in the cat.
AB  - The influence of dopaminergic agonists on the spontaneous and evoked activity of
      the sympathetic postganglionic renal efferent fibres was studied in lightly
      anaesthetized cats (urethane, 600 mg/kg, ip). Apomorphine, bromocriptine and
      piribedil (0.2, 0.07 and 0.4 mg/kg iv, respectively) depressed the spontaneous
      activity of the renal nerve. Electrical stimulation (16 V, 0.3 ms, 2-128 Hz, 2 s)
      of the sciatic nerve elicited a burst of activity of the sympathetic efferents
      followed by a silent period. Apomorphine and piribedil (the same doses as above)
      prolonged the duration of the silent periods. All these effects of dopaminergic
      agonists were antagonized by haloperidol (0.05-0.1 mg/kg iv). The results suggest
      that administration of dopaminergic agonists leads to preponderance of inhibition
      in the somato-sympathetic reflex integration.

PMID- 4070084
TI  - Papular acrodermatitis of childhood associated with hepatitis A virus infection.
AB  - A 2-year-old girl developed an erythematous papular eruption on her face and
      extremities a week after an epidemic of hepatitis A had occurred in her school.
      Clinical and laboratory signs of acute hepatitis, together with serologic
      verification, confirmed hepatitis A infection. That diagnosis should be
      considered in the etiology of papular acrodermatitis of childhood.

PMID- 4070085
TI  - Becker's melanosis and hypoplasia of the breast and pectoralis major muscle.
AB  - Becker's melanosis can be associated with hypoplastic abnormalities. In our
      patient (the first case report), it occurred in association with an absent
      pectoralis major muscle. Although more common in males, this patient demonstrates
      that Becker's melanosis can occur in females and may be congenital.

PMID- 4070086
TI  - Fish odor syndrome: trimethylaminuria with milk as chief dietary factor.
AB  - A 10-year-old boy had a two-year history of a rotten fish odor, noted
      particularly in the summer after exercise. The odor was partially controlled by
      frequent bathing. Dietary history was unremarkable except for large daily milk
      intake. Milk elimination resulted in a prompt disappearance of the odor. Studies
      of the patient's urine after choline loading established the diagnosis of
      trimethylaminuria. Restriction of dietary milk as well as foods containing
      choline and trimethylamine oxide eliminated the offensive odor.

PMID- 4070087
TI  - Toxic epidermal necrolysis due to antiepileptic therapy in an 8-year-old boy.
AB  - Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) has rarely been documented in children. We
      treated an 8-year-old boy who developed generalized blistering dermatosis after
      anticonvulsive therapy with diphenylhydantoin. The diagnosis was proved by
      exfoliative cytology, histology, and electron microscopy. The disease entity and
      its differentiation from staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome and toxic shock
      syndrome are reviewed.

PMID- 4070088
TI  - Early diagnosis of recessive X-linked ichthyosis: elevation of cholesterol
      sulfate levels in placental sulfatase deficiency before the onset of skin
      symptoms.
AB  - Children and adults with recessive X-linked ichthyosis have elevated levels of
      cholesterol sulfate, a substrate of the deficient enzyme microsomal sulfatase, in
      blood, erythrocyte membrane, and ichthyotic scale. We investigated cholesterol
      sulfate levels in patients with microsomal sulfatase deficiency before birth in
      amniotic fluid and in maternal plasma and erythrocytes, in cord blood (plasma and
      erythrocytes), and in plasma in the first month of life before and after onset of
      skin symptoms. Levels in amniotic fluid and cord blood were elevated. The plasma
      levels in the first month, before as well as after onset of skin symptoms, were
      within the range found in older patients with manifest skin symptoms.

PMID- 4070089
TI  - Hypernatremic dehydration and hypothermia in congenital lamellar ichthyosis.
AB  - Several events of hypernatremic dehydration occurred in five infants suffering
      from severe congenital lamellar ichthyosis. Simultaneously, four of them
      developed hypothermia. Both phenomena were probably caused by excessive water
      loss through the affected skin. In lamellar ichthyosis the skin loses its
      function as an effective barrier and therefore its role in water and temperature
      homeostasis is defective.

PMID- 4070091
TI  - Report on the First National Epidermolysis Bullosa Conference November 29 to
      December 1, 1984.

PMID- 4070090
TI  - Histologic changes resembling the verrucous phase of incontinentia pigmenti
      within epidermal nevi: report of two cases.
AB  - A wide spectrum of histopathologic changes has been reported to occur within
      epidermal nevi. We saw two patients with warty nevoid lesions in which
      histopathologic features of incontinentia pigmenti, verrucous phase, were
      present. The diagnosis of incontinentia pigmenti was excluded because both
      patients were male, lacked a preceding vesicular stage, and did not demonstrate
      other features of the disorder.

PMID- 4070092
TI  - Halo scalp ring associated with caput succedaneum.

PMID- 4070093
TI  - Processionary caterpillar dermatitis.

PMID- 4070094
TI  - Cerebral palsy. The clinical enigma.

PMID- 4070095
TI  - Two common neuro-ophthalmic problems. Optic neuritis and transient visual
      disturbances.
AB  - Optic neuritis and transient visual disturbances are common and challenging neuro
      ophthalmic problems. Optic neuritis may occur during the course of several
      neurologic and systemic disorders and is characterized by reversible central
      visual loss. In many patients, signs and symptoms of multiple sclerosis occur
      after an episode of optic neuritis. Although several risk factors for development
      of multiple sclerosis have been identified, the relationship between optic
      neuritis and multiple sclerosis is still controversial. Transient visual
      disturbances may take the form of visual loss or visual hallucinations. In many
      cases, the cause of transient visual loss is never found. Hallucinations of
      ocular origin, however, are easily diagnosed by a thorough eye examination.

PMID- 4070096
TI  - Improving recognition of psychiatric disorders in a primary care practice.
AB  - Primary care physicians can increase their recognition of psychiatric disorders
      in several ways. The first and most important is to maintain a high index of
      suspicion for these disorders, which are prevalent in primary care patients, and
      to know the frequent symptom presentations, both overt and covert, of the most
      common disorders. A variety of psychiatric screening questionnaires can be useful
      and may be given routinely or when a psychiatric disorder is suspected.
      Alternatively, psychiatric screening questions can be incorporated into the usual
      patient interview. Establishment of a good working relationship with a
      psychiatrist knowledgeable in current psychiatric diagnosis and therapy,
      including psychopharmacology, is advisable. Psychiatric consultation may be
      sought when diagnostic questions arise, and referral to a psychiatrist or
      coordinated treatment is often useful for patients with severe or persistent
      symptoms.

PMID- 4070097
TI  - Cancer and the primary care physician.

PMID- 4070098
TI  - Folk medicine in the Southwest. Myths and medical facts.
AB  - The three folk illnesses described in this article--caida de mollera, susto, and
      empacho--can all be linked to recognized biologic conditions and therefore cannot
      be analyzed solely on the basis of sociocultural factors. Clearly, it would be a
      mistake to continue ignoring these syndromes in the Southwest on the assumption
      that they are "all in the mind" of Mexican-American patients. They must be
      assessed from the view that they are culturally different labels for serious
      medical conditions (eg, caida de mollera), that they are useful screening labels
      for patients with high disease loads (eg, susto), or that they are harmless in
      and of themselves but their treatment may have significant medical consequences
      (eg, empacho).

PMID- 4070099
TI  - Streptococcal pharyngitis derived from dogs.

PMID- 4070100
TI  - Vegetable oil diet for arthritis.

PMID- 4070101
TI  - Urinary tract infections.

PMID- 4070102
TI  - Quality of obstetric care and occurrence of fetal asphyxia and cerebral palsy. Is
      there a relationship?
AB  - Whether a relationship exists between the quality of obstetric care and poor
      fetal outcome, notably cerebral palsy, remains uncertain. We herein report a
      study which suggests that substandard obstetric care bears little relationship to
      the etiology of cerebral palsy. In none of our 34 cases of cerebral palsy was
      there any recognized delay on the physician's part in reacting to evidence of
      fetal asphyxia.

PMID- 4070103
TI  - Cervical cancer screening. Who needs a Pap test? How often?
AB  - Cancer of the cervix and its preinvasive forms are ideally suited to control by
      means of cytologic screening programs. Ample evidence shows that widespread use
      of such programs markedly reduces both the incidence and mortality of clinically
      invasive carcinoma of the cervix. Thus, physicians should encourage female
      patients to participate in a cervical cytologic screening program. In addition,
      family practitioners and internists, when seeing female patients for
      nongynecologic problems, should not miss the opportunity to obtain a Pap smear
      whenever appropriate.

PMID- 4070104
TI  - Unwrapping urticaria. The role of food additives.

PMID- 4070105
TI  - Chronic airflow limitation after inhalation of overheated cooking oil fumes.

PMID- 4070106
TI  - Severe aplastic anaemia following the use of hair dye: report of two cases and
      review of literature.
AB  - We describe two female patients aged 31 and 62 y who developed severe aplastic
      anaemia following the use of hair dye containing para-toluenediamine. One
      received a bone marrow transplant but died after developing graft versus host
      disease and severe opportunistic infection. The second responded to treatment
      with methylprednisolone, oxymetholone and antithymocyte globulin and 3 y later
      she has a normal blood count apart from mild thrombocytopenia. In this paper we
      also review previously described case reports of aplastic anaemia apparently
      associated with the use of hair dye.

PMID- 4070107
TI  - Splenic flexure volvulus.
AB  - Splenic flexure volvulus is rare, only 22 cases having been reported. Though
      these usually present with chronic intermittent clinical features we recently
      encountered a case presenting as acute intestinal obstruction which, on plain
      abdominal X-rays, had classical features of this condition.

PMID- 4070108
TI  - Carcinoid tumour arising in a Meckel's diverticulum.
AB  - A patient with a carcinoid tumour arising in a Meckel's diverticulum and
      presenting with acute small intestinal obstruction is described. Review of
      previously reported cases indicates that the initial clinical presentation of
      carcinoid tumours occurring in a Meckel's diverticulum is usually similar to that
      of appendiceal carcinoids. While most carcinoids in Meckel's diverticula present
      as incidental findings at post-mortem examination or laparotomy, their metastatic
      potential and subsequent behaviour resembles that of other small intestinal
      carcinoid tumours.

PMID- 4070109
TI  - Metastatic choriocarcinoma coexisting with full term viable pregnancy.
AB  - A case of choriocarcinomatous lung secondaries coexisting with a full term
      pregnancy is reported. Both mother and child are alive and well without evidence
      of the disease 3 years after delivery.

PMID- 4070110
TI  - Appendix sepsis tracking along the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh.
AB  - A patient presented with tracking of pus from a chronic appendiceal abscess along
      the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh. In the absence of such a tunnel, which
      is only present in a small proportion of individuals, the infection would have
      resulted in a subinguinal psoas abscess. Although pus may conceivably extend in
      any direction, the reason for this unusual complication remains poorly
      understood.

PMID- 4070111
TI  - Acute acalculous cholecystitis due to an incarcerated epigastric hernia.
AB  - A case of a 96 year old woman with an incarcerated gallbladder in an epigastric
      hernia causing acute acalculous cholecystitis is described. At operation the
      gallbladder was replaced in its anatomical site and the hernia was repaired. This
      unique case of acute acalculous cholecystitis demonstrates cystic duct
      obstruction and cystic vessel compression as possible aetiologies for this
      pathology.

PMID- 4070112
TI  - Chest pain and the hyperventilation syndrome--some aetiological considerations.

PMID- 4070113
TI  - Haematuria in patients with bleeding disorders.
AB  - Patients with bleeding disorders or who are anticoagulated may present with
      haematuria. Failure to investigate such patients when they first present may
      delay the diagnosis and treatment of a serious genito-urinary pathology.

PMID- 4070114
TI  - Acute viral hepatitis, intravascular haemolysis, severe hyperbilirubinaemia and
      renal failure in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient patients.
AB  - Five patients with acute viral hepatitis developed severe intrasvascular
      haemolysis and unusually high levels of serum bilirubin (427 to 1368 mumol/l).
      All 5 had high fever, marked anaemia, reticulocytosis and neutrophilic
      leucocytosis. Three of them developed acute renal failure, which was of non
      oliguric type in 2. The clinical course was protracted, but complete recovery
      occurred in 4 patients between 4 to 10 weeks. One patient with hepatic coma and
      oliguric renal failure died. Deficiency of the enzyme G-6-PD was confirmed in 4
      cases. Massive haemolysis in the patients was probably induced by the
      administration of chloroquine and other drugs. Intravascular haemolysis should be
      suspected in patients with acute viral hepatitis, if they show unexplained
      anaemia and very high serum bilirubin levels, and measures to prevent renal
      failure should be instituted in such cases.

PMID- 4070115
TI  - Breast disease in young West Indian women: an analysis of 1051 consecutive cases.
AB  - Our analysis of 1051 breast biopsies in West Indian women under the age of 30 y
      revealed that 99% of the breast lumps were benign. Fibroadenoma was the commonest
      (67%) lesion and there was a steady increase in the frequency of fibrocystic
      disease with age. Carcinoma in this group is therefore rare. Thus most patients
      can be reassured with certainty of their benign disease and have biopsy at a
      convenient time.

PMID- 4070116
TI  - Gentamicin serum half-life: a comparison between pregnant and non-pregnant women.
AB  - The serum half-life of gentamicin following an intravenous dose was compared
      between 19 pregnant women (28-34 weeks of pregnancy) with premature rupture of
      the membranes and 17 non-pregnant women with pelvic inflammatory disease, the
      groups being age and weight matched. A significant reduction of gentamicin half
      life was found in the pregnant group.

PMID- 4070117
TI  - Abnormalities of thyroid function tests in hospital inpatients.
AB  - Results of thyroid function tests were analysed in 199 clinically euthyroid
      inpatients with normal serum thyroid stimulating hormone values. Serum total
      triiodothyronine was less than 1.25 nmol/l in 61.8% of samples, free
      triiodothyronine less than 3.9 pmol/l in 57.8%, total thyroxine less than 63
      nmol/l in 21.1% and free thyroxine less than 9.5 pmol/l in 17.6%. In contrast,
      thyroxine binding globulin ratio was below normal (less than 5) in only 5
      samples. A significant positive correlation (P less than 0.001) of serum free
      thyroxine with total thyroxine, thyroxine/thyroxine binding globulin ratio and
      free triiodothyronine was present as well as a significant negative correlation
      (P less than 0.001) with serum thyroid stimulating hormone. There was no
      correlation of free thyroxine measurements with serum albumin or non-esterified
      fatty acid concentrations. Although serum free thyroxine is low in a number of
      patients with non-thyroidal illnesses, this does not appear to be due to a rise
      in non-esterified fatty acids or a fall in albumin as has been proposed. Serum
      thyroid stimulating hormone measurements are essential to confirm the diagnosis
      of hypothyroidism in such subjects.

PMID- 4070118
TI  - Spinal subarachnoid haemorrhage presenting as spinal block without meningism.
AB  - A case of spinal subarachnoid haemorrhage with progressive spinal cord
      compression and without any evidence of meningism is described. Spinal block was
      demonstrated by myelography and computerized tomography and surgical
      decompression of the subarachnoid blood clot resulted in almost complete
      recovery. A diagnosis of spinal subarachnoid haemorrhage should be considered in
      any patient who presents with acute back pain and slowly or rapidly progressive
      neurological signs in the limbs, even when meningism is absent.

PMID- 4070119
TI  - Conjugate deviation of downgaze in the toxic shock syndrome.
AB  - A patient with the toxic shock syndrome presented with conjugate deviation of
      downgaze and impaired ocular movement. Focal neurological signs are rare in this
      syndrome and disordered eye movement has not been previously reported.

PMID- 4070120
TI  - Cardiac arrhythmia and myocardial ischaemia related to cocaine and alcohol
      consumption.
AB  - Following the drinking of 150 g of alcohol and a large amount of intra-nasal
      cocaine a previously healthy 31 year old man developed severe retrosternal pain
      and circulatory failure. An electrocardiogram showed supra-ventricular
      tachycardia with widespread ischaemic changes. Following electrical cardioversion
      electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial ischaemia persisted for 1 h. Two days
      later basal and exercise electrocardiograms were normal. The combination of
      alcohol and cocaine may be life threatening.

PMID- 4070121
TI  - Pleiotropisms associated with alleles of the C locus in the domestic fowl.
AB  - Pleiotropisms associated with the recessive white (c) and albino (ca) alleles at
      the C locus of the domestic fowl were investigated. Hatchability of fertile eggs
      was not significantly different for the colored (C+/c, C+/ca), recessive white
      (c/ca), and albino (ca/ca) chicks; however, late embryonic mortality was higher
      in ca/ca embryos P less than or equal to .005). Albinos exhibited shorter down
      lengths (P less than or equal to .01), higher incidences of subcutaneous
      hemorrhage and inflammation (P less than or equal to .01) and an increased
      incidence of yolk sac protrusions (P less than or equal to .01). Suppressed body
      weights (P less than or equal to .01) were evident at all times, except at
      hatching, in both male and female albinos reared in batteries. Recessive white
      females also exhibited smaller body weights than colored chicks at 7 and 8 weeks
      of age in battery trials (P less than or equal to .01). Significant suppression
      of body weights occurred in albinos only at 4 weeks of age in trials where floor
      rearing was used. Mortality in albinos was also significantly higher,
      particularly under floor rearing conditions (P less than or equal to .01). In
      addition, both feed consumption and feed utilization were reduced in albinos (P
      less than or equal to .01). These data suggest that melanin synthesis is an
      important component in the expression of a number of important physiological
      traits and that the C locus exerts a previously undefined regulatory influence on
      such traits.

PMID- 4070122
TI  - Effects of feeding white Leghorn hens diets that contain deoxynivalenol
      (vomitoxin)-contaminated wheat.
AB  - A short-term (10 weeks, Experiment 1) and a long-term experiment (24 weeks,
      Experiment 2) were done to determine effects of incorporating either white winter
      wheat, naturally contaminated with 1 mg deoxynivalenol (DON)/kg, or spring
      wheats, containing up to 6.5 mg DON/kg, into the diets of White Leghorn hens.
      Based on chemical analysis, the diets in Experiment 1 contained less than .05 to
      .7 mg DON/kg, while those in Experiment 2 contained from .2 to 4.9 mg/kg.
      Incorporation of winter or spring wheat in the experimental diets had no effect
      (P greater than .05) on feed intake and efficiency, egg production and yield, the
      number of soft shell and cracked eggs observed in the laying house, body weight
      at the completion of the experimental period, fertility, hatchability of fertile
      eggs, and the proportion of malformed embryos and pips. In addition, presence of
      DON-contaminated wheat did not influence (P greater than .05) the organ weight to
      body weight ratio for a randomly selected sample of hens necropsied at the
      completion of each experiment. There was little evidence of lesions in the oral
      cavity, esophagus, proventriculus and gizzard, hemorrhaging in the viscera or
      skeletal muscles, or of changes in the appearance of spleen, heart, and kidney.
      However, the livers from DON hens were fatty in appearance. Furthermore, vomiting
      (emesis), diarrhea, or changes in behaviour were not apparent and mortality,
      normally very low, was not increased during either experiment. Inverse linear
      relationships were obtained in Experiment 1 between dietary DON concentrations
      and egg weight (P less than .05), shell weight and thickness (P less than .01),
      and percent shell (P less than .05). Although egg and shell variables measured in
      Experiment 2 were not significantly influenced (P greater than .05) by DON
      treatment, trends towards lower values with higher dietary DON levels were
      evident. Egg specific gravity, nondestructive deformation, and quasistatic
      compression fracture strength of the egg's shell were not influenced (P greater
      than .05) by dietary DON levels. The results from these experiments indicate that
      laying hens can tolerate diets containing up to 5 mg DON/kg from white winter or
      spring wheat for extended periods of time without serious adverse effects on
      health and productivity.

PMID- 4070123
TI  - The use of intestinal D-xylose absorption and other parameters to determine the
      pathogenicity of and immunity to Eimeria acervulina.
AB  - The degree of pathogenicity of Eimeria acervulina infection in broiler chickens
      was evaluated by body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, oocyst production,
      gross morphologic lesion score, and intestinal D-xylose absorption. The least
      pathogenic effects, after challenge, occurred in birds immunized with 5 X 10(4)
      oocysts and challenged on Day 14 with 3 X 10(6) oocysts. Intestinal D-xylose
      absorption was found to be a sensitive method for evaluating the effects of
      coccidial infection and correlated well with body weight gain and feed conversion
      ratio. Oocyst production and morphologic lesion scoring were less sensitive
      techniques than D-xylose absorption, weight gain, and feed conversion for
      determination of pathogenic effects between the groups of birds tested.

PMID- 4070124
TI  - Blood sampling from the venous occipital sinus of birds.
AB  - Venous occipital sinus blood sampling was demonstrated to be an effective
      nonlethal method in all species tested including ducks, geese, Chukar partridge,
      Japanese quail, pea-fowl, pheasants, parakeets, turkeys, and chickens. Maximum
      blood volume obtained from the occipital sinus of 1-day-old chicks equalled the
      volume obtained by cardiac puncture and exceeded the volume collected by
      decapitation. Venous occipital sinus puncture was successfully used to rapidly
      collect several successive blood samples from individual birds, thus indicating
      the method's utility for serial blood sampling. Hematocrit values, as well as
      infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease virus antibody titers measured in
      blood samples drawn from the occipital sinus and the brachial vein, were
      compared. Significant correlation coefficients between the two blood sources for
      each of the variables measured suggest that occipital sinus blood sampling may be
      substituted for venipuncture for many routine measurements.

PMID- 4070125
TI  - Effect of alternating lights and strain on behavior and leg disorders of roaster
      chickens.
AB  - The effects of light treatment and strain on movement, spacial distribution,
      activity, and incidence of leg disorders of 4 to 10-week-old male chickens were
      examined in two experiments. In both, an alternating light treatment, in which
      high-intensity light alternated from one side of the barn to the other against a
      background of low intensity light, was compared with a control light treatment of
      continuous low intensity light supplied to both sides of the barn. Two strains
      were tested in each experiment. In Experiment 1, chickens responded to the
      alternating light between 4 and 7 weeks of age, although not between 7 and 10
      weeks of age, by moving into areas of relatively high intensity light. In
      Experiment 2, chickens responded during both periods by moving into areas of
      relatively low intensity light. Bird distribution was also affected by a
      geographical side preference. In both experiments, activity was higher in areas
      of high vs. low light intensity, higher under alternating than control light, and
      higher for younger than older birds (P less than .05). Activity was also
      influenced by strain (P less than .01). Incidence of leg disorders was influenced
      by strain (P less than .01) but not light treatment.

PMID- 4070127
TI  - Relationship between dry matter digestion and metabolizable energy.
AB  - The relationship between dry matter digestion (DMD) and metabolizable energy (ME)
      adjusted for nitrogen balance (n) and endogenous energy losses (e) was
      investigated in two experiments using immature broiler chicks (i). Ingredients
      tested were corn, wheat, oats, and soybean meal (SBM). A bioassay utilizing 21
      day-old broiler chicks was carried out for determination of MEn,e,i. These values
      were compared with those obtained by multiplying gross energy of the feed by dry
      matter digestion adjusted for excreta losses from fasted birds (DMD) using
      regression analysis. There was a significant (P less than .0001) correlation (4 =
      .96) between estimated and determined MEn,e,i values for all grains and SBM. This
      was improved by removal of SBM from regression analysis with a decrease in the
      residual standard deviation from +/- .093 to +/- .036 kcal/g.

PMID- 4070126
TI  - Photoinduced buphthalmic avian eyes: II. Continuous darkness.
AB  - Chickens raised from 2 to 14 weeks of age in continuous darkness (OL:24D)
      developed shallow anterior chambers and buphthalmos (megaloglobus). Chickens
      raised in continuous darkness developed ocular changes similar to that reported
      in chickens raised in continuous fluorescent and incandescent light and in dim
      light. Corneal diameters and axial globe lengths were an inconsistent means of
      documenting ocular enlargement. Iridocorneal angles were narrowed on scanning
      electron microscopy (SEM). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was not different from
      control chickens. The chicken is proposed as a model to study ocular development,
      the effects of lid suture on infants, axial myopia, preglaucomatous changes, and
      possibly pharmacologic effects of antiglaucoma preparations.

PMID- 4070128
TI  - Varying fat and protein in diets of growing large white turkeys.
AB  - Two series of three consecutive 4-week experiments with a total of 1,370 Large
      White turkeys between 8 and 20 weeks of age were conducted to determine the
      effects of varying levels of dietary fat and protein on body weight gain and feed
      efficiency. Diets containing 0, 5, and 10% added fat and 18, 20, 22, and 24%
      protein in a 3 X 4 factorial were each fed to a total of three pens of males and
      three pens of females. At the end of each 4-week period, the turkeys were
      rerandomized to form 12 new equivalent groups, and similar diets with 2% less
      protein were fed. As part of this study, two fats, varying in fatty acid
      composition, were also compared but found not to affect significantly body weight
      gain or feed efficiency. Interaction effects of fat and protein on body weight
      gain, feed consumption, or feed efficiency were not significant. Body weight gain
      increased .5, .6, and 1.1%, feed consumption decreased 1.1, 1.0, and .9%, and
      feed efficiency increased 1.7, 1.8, and 2.2% for each 1% added fat during the 8
      to 12-, 12 to 16-, and 16 to 20-week periods, respectively. The greater-than
      expected increase in feed efficiency from added fat to diets of older turkeys is
      postulated to be due to stimulated feed consumption and body weight gain rather
      than to an extra caloric content of fat per se.

PMID- 4070129
TI  - Effects of feed restriction on growth and metabolism of replacement pullets.
AB  - The effects of feed restriction on lipogenesis, carcass composition, and protein
      utilization were investigated. Two feed restriction programs were used:
      restricted duration of feeding (RDF) whereby pullets had access to feed for 7 or
      9 hr/day and restricted access to feed (ADF) in which feed was available on
      alternate days. A control group received the same diet as the restricted groups
      but on an ad libitum basis. The feeding programs were applied to a white egg and
      brown egg strain of commercial laying hens from 1 until 5 weeks of age or from 3
      days (RDF) or 10 weeks (ADF) until 19 weeks of age. The ADF restriction resulted
      in 12 to 25% decrease in body weights at 5 weeks and 5 to 11% decrease in body
      weights at 18 or 19 weeks. The RDF depressed body weights 24% at 5 weeks and 2%
      at 18 weeks. The RDF and ADF increased hepatic malic enzyme and glutamic
      oxaloacetic transaminase activities in both age groups. Plasma uric acid and
      hepatic glutamic pyruvic transaminase were affected, but not consistently, by
      ADF. It is hypothesized that ADF and RDF lead to increased lipogenesis and
      increased utilization of amino acids as sources of energy. Under conditions of
      mild restriction, this may result in increased carcass fat content.

PMID- 4070130
TI  - Influence of age, dietary cholic acid, and calcium levels on performance,
      utilization of free fatty acids, and bone mineralization in broilers.
AB  - The effects of age on the utilization of dietary palmitic or a 50/50 mixture of
      palmitic and oleic acid at the 8% inclusion level in the absence or presence of
      .2% cholic acid and also in the presence of low (.8%) or high (1.2%) calcium were
      investigated using broiler chicks from 1 to 56 days of age. Significant
      interactions (P less than .01) were observed between the type of fatty acid
      supplemented and the presence or absence of cholic acid on weight gain and feed
      efficiency. Supplementing diets with a mixture of equal weights of palmitic and
      oleic acid, reduced feed intake relative to control diets and diets supplemented
      with palmitic acid alone. There was an interaction between the age of the bird
      and the type of fatty acid supplemented on fat retention and metabolizable energy
      (ME) of diets (P less than .01). There was also a significant interaction between
      the type of fatty acid supplemented and the addition of cholic acid on fat
      retention and ME of diets. While cholic acid reduced soap formation during the
      process of digestion (P less than .05), increasing dietary calcium level
      increased the proportion of the digesta fat that was present as soap (P less than
      .01). The proportion of digesta and excreta fat, present as soap, depended on the
      type of fatty acid supplemented. The addition of free fatty acids to broiler
      diets resulted in a decrease in bone ash and bone calcium content relative to
      those birds fed the control diet. It is concluded that the ability of broilers to
      utilize dietary free fatty acids depends on the age at which they are fed,
      although in all cases supplemental cholic acid enhances fatty acid utilization.

PMID- 4070131
TI  - The excreta energy and nitrogen losses of adult cockerels during a fast.
AB  - Sixteen adult Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) cockerels were fasted for 48 hr
      and then placed on an experiment during which they were fasted for an additional
      11 days; water was freely available. Excreta energy (FE + UE), excreta nitrogen
      (FN + UN), and excreta energy corrected to zero nitrogen balance (FEn + UEn)
      losses were measured at 24-hr intervals as were body weights (BW) and weight
      losses (delta BW). One bird died on the second day of the experiment. There were
      significant differences (P less than .01) in excreta losses among birds and days.
      The day effect was curvilinear and decreasing, with the largest day-to-day
      changes tending to occur early in the experiment. The BW, delta BW, and ambient
      temperature had little effect on the losses with the exception of (FN + UN) which
      varied in part with BW. The regression of FE + UE on FN + UN, after adjusting for
      birds and days, yielded a slope estimate of 33.54 +/- 5.12 kJ/g (8.02 +/- 1.22
      kcal/g) of nitrogen which is not different (P greater than .05) from values
      commonly used to corrected bio-available energy values to zero nitrogen balance.

PMID- 4070132
TI  - Changes in the body weights and the final carcass compositions of adult cockerels
      fed less than their maintenance requirements.
AB  - Seventy-two adult Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) cockerels of each of two
      strains were fasted for 48 hr. Twenty-four birds of each strain were killed and
      frozen. Eight birds of each strain were fasted for an additional 11 days and 4
      birds of each strain received, by intubation, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45,
      or 50 g of a high energy feed daily for 10 days, after which they were fasted for
      48 hr. Birds were weighed and their excreta were collected at 24-hr intervals. At
      the conclusion of the experiment, all birds were killed and their carcasses,
      together with those of the initial slaughter group (IS), were assayed for water,
      protein, fat, and ash. All experimental birds lost weight. The change in body
      weight (delta BW) decreased linearly as feed input increased. Solution of the
      derived regression equation provided a mean estimate of .355 MJ/BW.75 kg/day
      (.0848 Mcal/BW.75 kg) for the energy requirement to maintain body weight. The
      estimate fails to take account of changes in body composition, but correction for
      this was impractical because of the large among bird variation. For the fasted
      birds, the delta BW displayed a logarithmic-decay pattern over time. Carcass
      protein and water increased with feed input but carcass fat was independent of
      feed input. However, the proportions of the carcass constituents did not vary
      with feed input. The proportion of carcass protein was greater and of carcass fat
      less at the end of the experiment than in the IS birds.

PMID- 4070133
TI  - Effect of phlebotomy on reticulocyte numbers in Japanese Quail.
AB  - Hematological changes were studied in response to a phlebotomy of 30% of the
      estimated total blood volume in 5-week-old Coturnix coturnix japonica. Blood
      samples, femoral bone marrow samples, and blood and marrow erythroid cell
      differential counts were collected at 0 (nonphlebotomized), 1, 3, 6, 24, and 72
      hr postphlebotomy. The samples were collected only once from each bird. Total
      peripheral erythrocyte numbers, percent hematocrit, and hemoglobin levels were
      decreased at 1, 3, 6, and 24 hr. The relative percentage of peripheral
      erythrocytes with little or no reticulum was not affected by phlebotomy. With the
      exception of mean cellular hemoglobin concentration, all of the hematological
      values measured in the peripheral blood had returned to nonphlebotomized, 0 hr
      levels at 72 hr postphlebotomy. However, in the bone marrow, a marked
      reticulocytosis was found at 72 hr postphlebotomy.

PMID- 4070135
TI  - Effects of stocking density on the incidence of scabby hip syndrome among broiler
      chickens.
AB  - An experiment, involving 1200 broiler chickens, was conducted to evaluate the
      effects of stocking density (providing either 840, 720, 585, or 454 cm2 of floor
      space per bird) on the incidence of scabby hip syndrome at slaughter (42 days).
      The incidence of scabby hip syndrome was higher at the higher stocking density.
      Differences were significant for males and approached significance for females (P
      less than .05). Body weights (42 days) were lower among birds housed at the
      higher stocking density levels but other traits were not significantly affected
      (P greater than .05).

PMID- 4070134
TI  - Food and water intake response of turkeys to intracerebroventricular injections
      of angiotensin II.
AB  - The effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of angiotensin II on food
      and water intake were studied in adult Medium White turkey hens. Food intake was
      not significantly affected by ICV injections of angiotensin II. The ICV injection
      of 50, 100, and 200 ng of angiotensin II significantly increased water intake in
      a dose-dependent manner. The dipsogenic effect of angiotensin II was
      significantly attenuated by Saralasin, an angiotensin blocker. These results
      suggest that angiotensin II functions in neural pathways within the central
      nervous system to control water intake, but not food intake, in turkeys.

PMID- 4070136
TI  - Effect of phosphorus deficiency on thyroid function and growth hormone in the
      white Leghorn male.
AB  - Leghorn males, 66 to 96 days of age, were fed a diet marginally deficient in
      phosphorus (.14% nonphytate). Growth and feed intake were significantly reduced,
      but plasma calcium and phosphorus were unchanged. Bone ash was significantly
      reduced compared to pair-fed controls but not ad libitum-fed controls. Thyroid
      size increased and plasma growth hormone (GH) levels decreased with the
      deficiency, apart from any effect attributable to the lower food intake and
      weight gain. Plasma 3,5,3'triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were not
      significantly changed, although there was a tendency for T4 to be lower in the
      deficient chickens. As both thyroid size and plasma GH are regulated partly by
      pituitary function, dietary phosphorus may alter endocrine function through
      changes in pituitary metabolism.

PMID- 4070137
TI  - Effect of atmospheric ammonia on the surface ultrastructure of the lung and
      trachea of broiler chicks.
AB  - The surface ultrastructure of the lung and trachea of 7-week-old broiler chicks
      were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to obtain a more accurate
      understanding of structural changes due to atmospheric ammonia (NH3). In the
      first experiment, four broilers were randomly assigned to each of four chambers,
      and exposed to 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 ppm NH3 for 7 days. Chickens exposed to 100
      ppm NH3 exhibited a large number of mucus-secreting cells that were not seen in
      the other treatments. Ciliary loss from the tracheal epithelium was not a
      consistent finding in either the exposed or the control groups. There was no
      evidence of goblet cell disappearance due to ammonia treatment. In the second
      experiment, four broilers were randomly allocated to each of four chambers and
      exposed to 0, 50, 75, or 100 ppm NH3 for 4 days. There was an increase in the
      thickness of the atrial walls and a shrinking of air capillaries with increasing
      NH3 concentration; in birds exposed to 75 and 100 ppm NH3, wall thickness was one
      to two times greater than in the control birds. There were no observable
      differences in gross appearance of lungs and tracheas between control and exposed
      groups except for hemorrhagic spots on one of the lungs exposed to 100 ppm NH3.

PMID- 4070138
TI  - Effects of dietary fat level on laying hens fed various concentrations of
      calcium.
AB  - The effects of supplementing laying hen diets with 0, 5, or 10% fat in the
      presence of 3.0, 3.6, or 4.2% dietary calcium was investigated using laying hens
      over a 7-week period. There was no significant effect of the fat or calcium
      treatments on laying hen performance as judged by feed intake, weight gain, egg
      production, egg weight, and egg shell deformation. Although there was an increase
      in fat retention with an increase in dietary fat level (P less than .01), a
      larger proportion (P less than .05) of unabsorbed fat was present as soap in the
      excreta of birds on these diets relative to those fed the control diet. There was
      evidence to indicate that most of the soap observed in the excreta of laying hens
      was formed in postabsorptive areas of the gut, thereby explaining why the
      detrimental effects of soap formation were not seen in the laying hen. Increasing
      the dietary calcium level reduced both percentage calcium (P less than .01) and
      magnesium (P less than .05) retention. There were no significant effects of the
      treatments on nitrogen and phosphorus retention. There were also no significant
      effects of the treatments on shell ash, shell calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus
      content. Increasing the dietary calcium level increased bone ash (P less than
      .05) while reducing bone magnesium content (P less than .05). There were no
      significant effects of the fat and calcium treatments on bone calcium and
      phosphorus content.

PMID- 4070139
TI  - Metabolic and anatomical adaptations of heavy-bodied chicks to intermittent
      feeding. I. Food intake, growth rate, organ weight, and body composition.
AB  - Chicks of a heavy-bodied strain were deprived of food on alternate days from 14
      to 83 days of age. Relative food intake was depressed by intermittent feeding to
      25 days of age, after which the deprived chicks resumed the relative intake of
      the ad libitum-fed controls, i.e., the relative intake on repletion day was twice
      that of the control chicks. Following an adaptation period of 2 weeks, the
      relative growth rate of the intermittently fed chicks exceeded that of the
      control group, the excessive growth being due to an increase on the day of
      repletion which was more than twice that of the control birds. Body fat
      concentration was depressed by intermittent feeding throughout the experimental
      period. Although, in ad libitum-fed chicks, periodical deposition of body protein
      and fat was parallel throughout the experimental period, in the treated chicks,
      protein deposition prevailed initially and fat deposition prevailed at the end of
      the experimental period. Intermittent feeding was accompanied by a consistent
      increase in the relative weight of the liver, pancreas, and gastrointestinal
      tract, including the small intestine. The differences in food intake, growth,
      body composition, and gastro-intestinal tract between heavy- and light-breed
      chicks exposed to intermittent feeding are discussed.

PMID- 4070140
TI  - Effect of plane of nutrition from starting through the breeder period on the
      reproductive performance of tom turkeys.
AB  - Large type breeder toms were given high (HP) or low (LP) planes of nutrition from
      hatching to 29 weeks of age. Birds from each rearing treatment were divided and
      HP or LP breeder rations were fed to 58 weeks. Protein and energy levels of the
      HP feeds approximated National Research Council (NRC, 1977) recommendations while
      LP feeds involved substitution of corn, fat, and soybean meal for wheat, barley,
      and oats. Energy-protein ratio and relative essential amino acid levels were
      similar between treatment, respective of age. Toms given LP feeds weighed less
      than HP through the first 9 weeks after hatching, but they were similar
      thereafter until 29 weeks. Reduction in feed conversion with the LP regimen was
      only significant during the 18 to 21-week interval. Feed intake during the
      breeder period was unaffected by treatments. Toms receiving the LP breeder feed
      reduced their weight, particularly when preceded by LP rearing. Mortality was
      inversely related to average body weight with each treatment. Reproductive
      capacity, as judged from semen yield and sperm concentration, was more favorable
      when toms were reared on LP than HP feeds but only during the first few weeks of
      the breeder period. The LP feed given through the breeder period also proved more
      favorable than HP feed, particularly at the end of production. Carcass
      evaluations at 29 and 58 weeks indicated that the LP regimens reduced depot fat
      while increasing relative testes weight.

PMID- 4070141
TI  - Energy utilization by the broiler chicken as affected by various fats and fat
      levels.
AB  - Two experiments were designed to investigate the effects of fat supplementation
      at different levels on energy utilization by the broiler chicken. In one
      experiment, finisher diets containing 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0% of added corn oil (CO),
      poultry oil (PO), tallow (T), or a commercial hydrolyzed animal-vegetable fat
      blend (HB) were fed. In the second experiment, starter diets containing 0, 2.5,
      or 7.5% added CO, PO or HB were fed. Metabolizable energy (ME) values were not
      controlled through formulation but were determined experimentally. Energy
      retention was measured by a slaughter technique, and metabolic energy losses were
      calculated as the difference between metabolizable energy intake and energy
      deposition in the carcass. Broilers that were fed PO, T, and HB failed to adjust
      feed intake to control caloric intake. They ate significantly more ME calories
      per day when these fat sources were fed, gained more, were fatter, and had a
      lower feed:gain ratio than broilers fed no added fat or lower levels of fat.
      Failure to regulate caloric intake when fats are added to diets may be a
      component of the "extra caloric" effect of fat. Broilers which were fed CO tended
      to regulate their caloric intake better than those which are fed PO, T, and HB.
      It was not determined if CO is less palatable than the other fat sources or if
      the unsaturated fatty acids metabolically regulate appetite. When CO was fed,
      broilers tended to have lower feed:gain ratios than when the other fats were fed.
      There was an indication that daily heat production was less when CO was fed,
      which would suggest a lower heat increment. Fatty acid analysis verified the
      efficient use of dietary fats for adipose deposition and suggested a
      disproportionately greater use of the unsaturated fatty acids for carcass lipids.

PMID- 4070142
TI  - Effect of dietary fat supplementation on the carcass composition of three genetic
      lines of broilers.
AB  - Three genetic lines of broilers - a commercial line (Ross X Arbor-Acres), and
      lines selected for low abdominal fat (lean line), and high abdominal fat (fat
      line) were fed one of two isocaloric and isonitrogenous purified diets differing
      in total fat content (2 vs. 9%). Carcass composition (crude protein, ether
      extract, ash, and total dry matter content) was determined on four
      broilers/line/diet at 21 days of age and at 1 kg body weight. Carcass protein and
      ether-extract were not significantly (P less than .05) affected by diet at 21
      days of age or at 1 kg weight. Carcass ash was significantly (P less than .01)
      affected by diet at 21 days of age but not at 1 kg body weight. Genetic line of
      broiler significantly (P less than .05) affected carcass protein, ether-extract,
      and ash at 21 days of age and at 1 kg body weight. Lean line broilers had a
      significantly (P less than .05) higher percentage of carcass protein and a
      significantly (P less than .05) lower percentage of carcass ether-extract than
      the fat line or commercial broilers.

PMID- 4070143
TI  - Breaking strength and composition of the skin of broiler chicks: response to
      dietary calorie-protein ratios.
AB  - Skin breaking strength and protein, fat moisture, and total collagen
      concentrations of skin from the breast, thigh, and back of male and female
      commercial broilers were measured in response to diets containing relatively wide
      or narrow ratios of calories to protein (C:P). Comparisons were made at 28, 42,
      and 56 days of age. Chicks fed diets containing relatively wide C:P ratios had
      weaker skin than those fed diets with narrower C:P ratios, with differences being
      greater at 56 days than at younger ages. Regardless of diet, males had stronger
      skin than females. Although the magnitude of the differences varied with age,
      breast skin was stronger than thigh skin, with skin from the back being
      intermediate in strength. The observed differences in breaking strength were not
      consistently associated with fat, protein, moisture, or collagen concentrations
      of the skin.

PMID- 4070144
TI  - Effect of dietary erucic acid on the utilization of oils or fats by growing
      chicks.
AB  - Free erucic acid (EA) (C22:1) was blended with Cambra oil (CBO), sunflower oil
      (SFO), and animal lard (AL) at 45% (w/w). Six experimental diets were formulated
      to incorporate either CBO, SFO, AL, or EA blended oils (CBO plus EA, SFO plus
      EA), or fats (AL plus EA) at 8%. The adverse effects of dietary EA blended with
      various types of oils or fats were studied by feeding 180-day-old White Leghorn
      cockerels for a 4-week growing period. In general, adverse effects of dietary EA
      were clearly reflected in feed consumption, chick growth, and apparent
      digestibility of total lipids as well as individual fatty acids. The AL plus EA
      produced significantly greater adverse effects than with SFO plus EA. The diet
      containing CBO (low EA, 5.1% rapeseed oil) depressed chick growth and feed
      consumption, but no additive effect was manifested when EA was supplemented. The
      fatty acid profile of dietary SFO appears to counteract the metabolic burden of
      excess dietary EA. It was concluded that high linoleic acid content in SFO may be
      the major contributing factor in alleviating the adverse response to EA.

PMID- 4070145
TI  - Feed intake effects upon gain, carcass yield, and ration digestibility in
      broilers force fed five feed intakes.
AB  - Broiler chicks were force fed 75, 100, 125, 140 and 160% of the consumption
      observed by ad libitum-fed controls to examine feed intake effects upon
      productivity. Live body weight gain increased with feed intake up to the 140%
      consumption but was depressed above this point. Feed efficiency and fat, ash,
      ration (corrected for uric excretion mass), protein (corrected for uric acid
      excretion nitrogen), and starch digestibility estimates declined by 30, 56, 25,
      16, 16, and 2%, respectively, as feed consumption increased from 75 to 160% of ad
      libitum consumption. Neutral detergent fiber digestibility was not affected by
      amount of feed consumption. Initial digesta passage rate, estimated by first
      appearance of ferric oxide in feces, averaged 215 min and was not correlated (P
      greater than .4) with feed intake. Gastrointestinal tract mass plus contents
      increased with feed intake and accounted for up to 67% of the increased live body
      weight gain. Birds apparently adjusted to feed intake level by varying
      gastrointestinal tract size (mass) and not passage rate. Dressing percentage
      declined from a high of 73% for birds fed at the lowest feed intake to a low of
      63% at the highest feed intake. Carcass gain was 50% greater for the 160 vs 75%
      group, but most of this (41%) was reached at the ad libitum consumption level.
      Carcass gain-to-feed ratios were .42, .41, .32, .27, and .21 for the five
      intakes, respectively. Drumstick, breast, and thigh gains were not (P greater
      than .01) influenced by increased feed consumption above the ad libitum-fed
      controls but were depressed (P greater than .05) at the 75% feed intake.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4070146
TI  - Age and dietary energy effect on broiler abdominal fat deposition.
AB  - Three trials were conducted to determine when abdominal fat is deposited in
      relation to age and dietary energy level for broilers. Results show that the
      amount of abdominal fat as a percentage of body weight increased as age (36 to 54
      days) and dietary energy level (3100 to 3325 metabolizable energy kcal/kg)
      increased. During the 36 to 54-day period, the weight of the broilers increased
      75% for males and 72% for females. During the 36 to 54-day period, abdominal fat
      expressed as a percentage of body weight increased 23% for males and 38% for
      females.

PMID- 4070147
TI  - Ovine luteinizing hormone-induced steroid and luteinizing hormone secretion, and
      ovulation in intact and pregnant mare serum gonadotropin-primed hens.
AB  - Studies were conducted to investigate the effect of ovine luteinizing hormone
      (LH) treatment on steroid and LH secretion and ovulation in intact, saline-primed
      hens and in pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG)-primed hens. Intact, saline
      primed hens, injected 12 hr prior to the first (C1) ovulation of the sequence,
      responded with fully potentiated preovulatory surges of progesterone (P4) (peak
      value was 371% above preinjection values), estradiol-17 beta (E2) (117% above
      baseline), LH (220% above baseline), and premature ovulation. By comparison,
      those hens injected at the same time prior to the second (C2) ovulation responded
      with a lesser increase in plasma P4 (peak value was 305% above baseline) and E2
      (72% above baseline), and there was no significant increase in plasma LH. Within
      this group, 4 of 5 hens failed to ovulate prematurely. All groups of PMSG-primed
      hens had significantly higher preinjection concentrations of P4 and E2, and lower
      basal concentrations of LH, compared to saline-primed hens. Subsequent to
      treatment of PMSG-primed hens with 25 or 100 micrograms ovine LH, there was a
      significant increase in plasma P4 to approximately 200% above preinjection
      concentrations. By contrast, there was a nonsignificant increase in plasma LH
      (50% above baseline values) and no significant increase in plasma E2. The
      ovulatory response following PMSG-priming was greatest in hens injected with 100
      micrograms ovine LH (5 of 5 hens ovulated), while 3 of 5 hens injected with 25
      micrograms ovine LH and 6 of 6 saline-challenged hens failed to ovulate.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4070148
TI  - Serum corticosterone levels in embryos, newly hatched, and young turkey poults.
AB  - The objectives of these experiments were to determine the concentration of
      corticosterone, the principal adrenocortical steroid in avian species, in serum
      of turkey embryos (12 to 28 days of development), newly hatched turkey poults
      (pipped and up to 6 hr posthatch), and poults between 1 and 15 days of age. The
      effect of giving exogenous doses of corticosterone at a physiological
      concentration on hatching was also determined. A significant (P less than .01)
      increase in serum corticosterone from .69 to 1.26 ng/ml occurred in the embryos
      between 17 and 18 days of development; a second significant increase to 4 ng/ml
      was just prior to hatching. A decrease in serum corticosterone concentration was
      noted during hatching and for the first 6 hr after hatching. Concentrations of
      corticosterone in serum fluctuated as posthatch corticosterone secretion became
      established between 1 and 15 days posthatch. Treatment of embryos 2 days prior to
      hatching with exogenous doses of corticosterone (540 ng/embryo) suggested a trend
      toward shorter mean incubation time and significantly increased hatchability.

PMID- 4070149
TI  - Effect of thiouracil-induced hypothyroidism on the humoral immunity of New
      Hampshire chickens.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of feeding a diet
      containing .1% thiouracil to two lines of New Hampshire chickens differing in
      growth rate and relative bursa size. Body weight, serum 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine,
      and thyroxine were reduced by the thiouracil treatment. The primary total anti
      sheep red blood cell (SRBC) titer in Experiment 1 was higher for thiouracil-fed
      (TF) chicks at 7 days postprimary immunization (PPI). In Experiment 2, the total
      anti-SRBC titers were higher for control chicks 3 days PPI; but from 5 to 10 days
      PPI, TF chicks had higher titers. During the secondary response in both
      experiments, the total anti-SRBC titers were not consistently higher for one
      dietary group over the other from 3 to 10 days postimmunization. Mercaptoethanol
      resistant antibody titers were not significantly different between the two
      dietary groups in either experiment during the primary and secondary responses.
      Thiouracil-fed chicks had higher immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM)
      concentrations in serum during both the primary and secondary responses in
      Experiment 2. Although there was no genotype effect on antibody production to
      SRBC, serum immunoglobulins were different between lines. Small bursa line (SBL)
      chickens had higher serum IgG while the IgM concentrations of chicks from the
      Lester J. Dreesen strain were greater than those of SBL.

PMID- 4070150
TI  - Dermoid cyst of the lateral third of the eyebrow.

PMID- 4070151
TI  - The outlook for low birth weight babies.

PMID- 4070152
TI  - Immunisation against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio.

PMID- 4070153
TI  - The ear in paediatric practice.

PMID- 4070154
TI  - The recognition of non-accidental injury in children.

PMID- 4070155
TI  - Beclomethasone dipropionate in seasonal allergic rhinitis. A comparison of two
      preparations.

PMID- 4070156
TI  - Foreign travel and health: mutually exclusive?

PMID- 4070157
TI  - The treatment of ingrowing and horny toenails.

PMID- 4070158
TI  - Depression and the general practitioner.

PMID- 4070159
TI  - Severe salmonella infection in patients with reduced gastric acidity.

PMID- 4070160
TI  - Infertility.

PMID- 4070161
TI  - Management of Vipera berus adder bite.

PMID- 4070162
TI  - The management of genital herpes.

PMID- 4070163
TI  - [Bronchoalveolar lavage: clinical significance of cytologic and immunocytologic
      findings].

PMID- 4070164
TI  - [Pleural mesothelioma following asbestos exposure during brake repairs in the
      automobile trade: case report].

PMID- 4070165
TI  - [Clinical TNM classification of bronchial cancer].

PMID- 4070166
TI  - [Sibling constellation from the empirical clinicopsychologic viewpoint].

PMID- 4070167
TI  - [2 forms of an early disorder of parent-child relations and its effect on
      school].

PMID- 4070168
TI  - [Integrative parent-child therapy. A model for treatment of the child rearing
      process].

PMID- 4070169
TI  - [Social distribution of psychosomatic disorders in childhood and adolescence].

PMID- 4070170
TI  - Reduction of sera requirements in amniotic fluid cell culture.
AB  - Reduction in serum requirement for culture of primary human amniotic fluid cells
      can be achieved by the addition of 10 growth-promoting factors to the nutrient
      medium. This supplemented medium preserves cell types normally found in amniotic
      fluid cell cultures supplemented with 20-30 per cent fetal bovine serum. The
      volume of amniotic fluid required to initiate culture can be as little as 1 ml.
      Amniotic fluid samples contaminated with red blood cells with no visible clot
      also grow well in the low serum medium. Cell-free amniotic fluid combined with
      equal parts of supplemented medium is useful in initiating cell culture.

PMID- 4070171
TI  - Spontaneous abortion after amniocentesis in women with a history of spontaneous
      abortion.
AB  - The incidence of spontaneous abortion after amniocentesis (19 to 28 weeks
      gestation) in women who have had previous spontaneous abortions is compared with
      the rate in women who have not had previous spontaneous abortions. The outcome of
      the pregnancy after amniocentesis and the previous history of spontaneous
      abortion is reported for 691 pregnancies. The rate of spontaneous abortion after
      amniocentesis was found to be significantly higher in women who had one or more
      previous spontaneous abortions, 12/238 (5 per cent), than in women who did not,
      6/453 (1.3 per cent). In women who reported two or more previous spontaneous
      abortions, the rate was 7/81 (8.6 per cent). No statistically significant effect
      of maternal age or gravidity was detected. The incidence of spontaneous abortion
      after amniocentesis was greater in the three weeks following the procedure (three
      for each of the three weeks) than in the subsequent seven weeks (nine for seven
      weeks).

PMID- 4070173
TI  - Early prenatal diagnosis of genetic microcephaly.
AB  - We report a new case of prenatal diagnosis of recessive microcephaly by
      ultrasound examination allowing termination of pregnancy at 25 weeks gestation.

PMID- 4070172
TI  - The cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome: prenatal detection based on
      impaired biosynthesis of plasmalogens.
AB  - Prenatal diagnosis of the cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome has been
      performed in 10 pregnancies at risk by measuring both the activity of acyl CoA:
      dihydroxyacetone-phosphate acyltransferase (DHAP-AT) and the de novo plasmalogen
      biosynthesis, either in cultured amniotic fluid cells or in fibroblasts cultured
      from a chorionic villus biopsy. In 7 of the pregnancies both tests indicated no
      abnormality. All 7 continued to term and normal infants were delivered. However,
      in amniotic fluid cells from 2 fetuses affected by Zellweger syndrome unequivocal
      differences from control values were found. The activity of DHAP-AT was clearly
      deficient and the de novo plasmalogen biosynthesis was impaired. In one pregnancy
      at risk prenatal diagnosis was performed during the first trimester by measuring
      both the DHAP-AT activity and the de novo plasmalogen biosynthesis in fibroblasts
      cultured from a chorionic villi biopsy. From the deficient DHAP-AT activity and
      the impaired de novo plasmalogen biosynthesis it was concluded that the fetus was
      affected. This was confirmed biochemically after induced abortion. It can be
      concluded that measurement of the DHAP-AT activity and the de novo plasmalogen
      biosynthesis provides convenient methods for the early prenatal detection of
      Zellweger syndrome.

PMID- 4070174
TI  - [Malignant melanoma of the skin in the Saarland cancer registry 1968-1981].

PMID- 4070175
TI  - [The so-called bone metastasizing, clear cell sarcoma of the infantile kidney].

PMID- 4070176
TI  - [Tissue lead content in perinatal mortality].

PMID- 4070177
TI  - [Bile duct obturation due to viscous mucus from a metastatic colonic carcinoma].

PMID- 4070178
TI  - [Sex cord tumor with annular tubules. Morphologic and clinical aspects of a rare
      ovarian tumor].

PMID- 4070179
TI  - Morphometric evaluation of the microvillous surface enlargement factor in the
      human placenta from mid-gestation to term.
AB  - The factor by which the villous surface area is enlarged owing to the presence of
      microvilli has been evaluated with quantitative analyses in human placental
      tissues from mid-gestation to term. It has shown that, between 25 and 36 weeks of
      gestation, the peripheral villous surface area is enlarged by a constant factor
      of approximately 9.47 +/- 0.28 (mean +/- s.d.). Then, from 36 weeks to term, it
      has shown a significant decrease in the microvillous surface enlargement factor
      (9.44 to 7.67; P less than 0.01). Consequently, the actual surface area of
      exchange between mother and fetus was shown to be significantly decreased during
      that same period (93.91 to 67.02 m2; P less than 0.01). On a functional basis,
      these findings support the theory that, during that last four weeks of pregnancy,
      the increasing physiological needs of the fetus are probably met by profound
      functional changes in the permeability and transfer functions of the cells that
      constitute the placental barrier.

PMID- 4070180
TI  - Receptors for oestradiol in human placenta.
AB  - The binding of oestradiol in human placental tissue obtained from spontaneous and
      caesarean deliveries was investigated. Villous tissue was homogenized and the 800
      g 'cytosol' supernatant treated with ammonium sulphate. The precipitate was
      redissolved and the preparation then equilibrated with [3H]oestradiol. After
      separation of bound and free steroid with dextran coated charcoal, receptor
      binding site concentrations and dissociation constants were determined. The
      presence of high-affinity, saturable binding was clearly demonstrated. Mean
      values (+/- s.d.) for receptor binding site concentrations were 64.6 +/- 22.9 (n
      = 6) and 33.8 +/- 32.9 (n = 8) fmol/mg protein for spontaneous and caesarean
      deliveries, respectively; respective dissociation constants were 16.0 +/- 7.6 and
      7.0 +/- 6.0 pM. Heat denaturation studies, equilibration time studies and certain
      of the Scatchard plots suggested that forms of the oestradiol receptor of
      differing stability may be present in human placental tissue.

PMID- 4070181
TI  - A large allantoic sac in the placenta of the spider monkey Ateles geoffroyi.

PMID- 4070182
TI  - Localization and distribution of unconjugated steroid hormones in normal placenta
      at term.
AB  - The localization and distribution of unconjugated oestrone, oestradiol-17 beta,
      oestriol and progesterone were studied in normal term placentae, using
      subcellular fractionation and indirect immunofluorescence techniques.
      Radioimmunoassay of these steroids in each subcellular fraction showed that they
      were detectable mainly in the cytosol fraction. The efficiency of fixatives for
      retaining steroids in placental tissue during immunohistochemical procedures was
      studied in order to validate the present experimental techniques. As compared
      with other fixatives, glutaraldehyde solution produced minimal leakage of steroid
      hormones from placental tissue. Using an indirect immunofluorescence technique
      oestrone, oestriol and progesterone were detectable in the cytoplasm of villous
      syncytiotrophoblast of fixed term placentae.

PMID- 4070183
TI  - Nutrition-related determinants of blood pressure.

PMID- 4070184
TI  - Monovalent and divalent cations in hypertension.
AB  - The relationship of four cations (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium) to
      hypertension is reviewed. It seems reasonable to advise some reduction in sodium
      intake, and an initial goal of a mean intake of 120 mmole per day for men and 90
      100 mmole per day for women is suggested. Some increase in potassium intake may
      well be justifiable but is better achieved through potassium-containing foods
      than by any artificial supplements. The data for calcium and magnesium are not
      sufficiently strong to warrant any recommendation for a change in intake at
      present.

PMID- 4070185
TI  - The primary prevention of high blood pressure: a population approach.
AB  - This article presents our view of the evidence and strategies for the primary
      prevention of high blood pressure. We (a) attempt to indicate where the potential
      for prevention, along with relative safety, is sufficient for action, and (b)
      provide an outline of our ideas and experience in communicating these strategies.
      We believe that a unified preventive message and plan to control and prevent high
      blood pressure in whole communities is possible. Such a plan must emphasize the
      benefits that may accrue from a more healthful lifestyle. We believe that an
      eating and activity pattern that is attractive, palatable, and feasible can be
      proposed and modeled to fit different cultures and traditions. Finally, we
      present the idea that medical, preventive strategies and safe, feasible, and
      credible community-based programs are complementary modes of dissemination. In
      such programs, health professionals and medical services share roles with
      community leaders and organizations. This population strategy is indicated along
      with vigorous systematic hypertension detection and treatment as well as further
      research. A population strategy is, we believe, essential to the primary
      prevention of hypertension, i.e., to the prevention of elevated blood pressure in
      the first place.

PMID- 4070186
TI  - Community-based primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in Switzerland:
      methods and results of the National Research Program (NRP 1A).
AB  - The National Research Program 1A on Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
      in Switzerland was designed to determine whether community health education can
      reduce cardiovascular risk factors in whole population groups. Two towns (12,000
      inhabitants each) in the French-speaking and two (16,000 inhabitants each) in the
      German-speaking part of the country were selected for either intervention or
      comparison. Following baseline screening in 1977 (stratified random samples) and
      the community intervention program (1978-1980), a final assessment on the initial
      participants was made at the end of 1980. In intervention towns, 26.2% of the
      regular smokers quit during this period compared with 18.1% in the reference
      towns. In addition, a significant net increase in the proportion of hypertensive
      patients under effective control was observed. A reduction in cholesterol levels
      was noted in both the intervention and the reference towns, with no difference
      between them. However, cholesterol levels in a subgroup of women participating in
      program activities as compared with those not participating were significantly
      reduced. The program, with extensive involvement of a diversity of community
      groups, has enjoyed continued support, even after the end of the research
      experience, thus demonstrating the viability and acceptability of community
      oriented preventive action.

PMID- 4070187
TI  - Hypertension control in Europe.
AB  - Hypertension control is a complex process with many facets; it is dependent upon
      many factors, e.g., local culture, economic factors, and organization of health
      care. Examples from the practice of hypertension control in Europe are quoted to
      illustrate various levels of such activities, their scope, and the methods used.
      Different operational approaches are illustrated with a number of locally
      appropriate solutions. Measures of program effect, such as changes in population
      blood pressure levels, awareness and treatment status of hypertension, drug
      consumption, and morbidity and mortality statistics, are also examined. Finally,
      some special issues are summed up: the community problem of "mild" hypertension,
      sex differences in achieving hypertension control, and partial "overtreatment"
      (unwarranted drug therapy) in the community. More data are needed on the quality
      of hypertension control in the populations of Europe.

PMID- 4070188
TI  - Primary prevention of essential hypertension--current needs for action and
      research: summary of a roundtable discussion.

PMID- 4070189
TI  - Methods of motivating the practice of breast self-examination: a randomized
      trial.
AB  - A randomized trial of 1,733 women compared three methods of motivating the
      practice of breast self-examination (BSE): (a) cognitive teaching which
      emphasized factual knowledge; (b) affective teaching which stressed feelings,
      attitudes, and values; and (c) a mixed approach which combined features of both.
      Subjects returned for follow-up at 3, 12, and 24 months or at 6 and 12 months, at
      which times they completed questionnaires and were evaluated by nurses. They
      demonstrated how they performed BSE and palpated breast models for lumps. No
      differences were observed among the teaching groups for any of several indicators
      of BSE practice, such as frequency, knowledge about when to do BSE, technique, or
      number of lumps detected in the model. However, these measures were associated
      with women's initial confidence in practicing BSE. Women in all teaching groups
      improved their BSE technique over time. Women in this study practiced BSE more
      frequently and detected more lumps than reported in other studies. The better
      performance of subjects in the present study might be ascribed to the amount of
      time spent teaching and to reinforcement from repeated follow-ups. The affective
      and cognitive approaches were equally effective in motivating the practice of
      BSE.

PMID- 4070190
TI  - Dietary fat and blood pressure: an intervention study on the effects of a low-fat
      diet with two levels of polyunsaturated fat.
AB  - The role of dietary fat in human blood pressure control was studied among 84
      middle-aged subjects (mainly couples) in two semirural communities in North
      Karelia, Finland. The families were randomly allocated into two groups that,
      after a baseline period of 2 weeks, changed their diet for a 12-week intervention
      period so that the proportion of energy derived from fats was similarly reduced
      in both groups, from 38 to 24%, but the polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid
      (P/S) ratio was increased--from 0.2 to 0.9 in group I and to 0.4 in group II.
      After the intervention period, both groups switched back to their usual diet for
      a period of 5 weeks. During the intervention period, total serum cholesterol was
      reduced by 16% in group I and 14% in group II. Mean body weight and urinary
      sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium excretion changes were small or
      nonexistent. Mean systolic blood pressure decreased 4 mm Hg in group I (P less
      than 0.01) and 3 mm Hg in group II (P less than 0.01), and mean diastolic blood
      pressure decreased 5 mm Hg (P less than 0.001) and 4 mm Hg (P less than 0.01),
      respectively. The reductions were reversed during the switch-back period (P less
      than 0.01). These results confirm previous findings of the blood-pressure
      reducing effect of a low-fat/high-P/S diet. Although a number of possible
      confounding factors can be ruled out, the dietary constituent accounting for the
      blood pressure change cannot be ascertained definitely. The results showed no
      significant further blood pressure reduction with more than a moderately
      increased P/S ratio when the saturated fat intake was markedly reduced.

PMID- 4070191
TI  - Studies of serum lipoproteins of adolescent Japanese and U.S. (Bogalusa) children
      using a common laboratory.
AB  - A cross-cultural comparison of serum lipoprotein profiles was made between
      adolescent children ages 12, 15, 16, and 17 years from the United States
      (Bogalusa) and Japan using a common laboratory. Characteristically, adolescent
      white children have relatively low total and alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol levels
      and high pre-beta-lipoprotein cholesterol, while black children have high total
      and alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol levels and low triglycerides; Japanese
      children, in contrast, have high total and beta-lipoprotein cholesterol and
      disproportionately high triglyceride levels in relation to low levels of pre-beta
      lipoprotein cholesterol. The sex-related differences were similar among Japanese
      and white children, with boys showing lower alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol and
      higher triglyceride levels than girls. In terms of changes in beta-lipoprotein
      cholesterol/alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol ratios with age, the values showed an
      increase among white boys, no change among black children, and a decrease among
      white girls as well as among Japanese children of both sexes. There was no
      inverse relationship between alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides or
      pre-beta-lipoprotein cholesterol in Japanese children. These observations suggest
      intrinsic metabolic differences among these race-sex groups. Such information
      should help elucidate environmental factors that influence cardiovascular risk
      among varied cultures.

PMID- 4070192
TI  - Factors affecting leukocyte count in healthy adults.
AB  - The relationships between white blood cell (WBC) count, smoking, and other health
      variables were determined among 35,000 apparently healthy men and women. The
      effect of smoking on the WBC count was greater than that of all other variables.
      The leukocyte level and the variance in WBC count values increased with increased
      smoking intensity. The relationship between smoking intensity and leukocyte level
      is expressed quantitatively by the following regression equation: WBC (10(3)/mm3)
      = 7.1 + 0.05(SM), where SM has seven values according to the smoking level.
      Multiple regression analysis with additional variables other than smoking did not
      much improve the predictive value of the equation. The effect of smoking on WBC
      count could be only partially explained by an inflammatory process, e.g., chronic
      bronchitis. Relationships of statistical significance (but mostly with r values
      of less than 0.10) were found between WBC count and the following variables:
      hemoglobin, heart rate, weight (or Quetelet index), cholesterol, uric acid,
      creatinine, sex, ethnic origin, systolic blood pressure, height, blood sugar, and
      diastolic blood pressure. The normal WBC count range for smokers differs from
      that of nonsmokers and is shifted to the right according to the smoking level.
      This may have both a diagnostic and prognostic significance in different clinical
      settings.

PMID- 4070193
TI  - Health promotion in primary care: a survey of U.S. family practitioners.
AB  - A national sample of family practice physicians reported on the treatments and
      referrals they provide for each of three behavioral health risks--cigarette
      smoking, obesity, and insufficient exercise--and on obstacles to effective office
      based health promotion. Most respondents reported regular health education and
      advice, but infrequent systematic treatment or referral for the substantial
      proportions of their patients who smoke cigarettes (40%), are obese (40%), or get
      too little exercise (70%). Results confirm past impressions that primary-care
      physicians (a) are somewhat reluctant to treat such problems, (b) overutilize
      relatively ineffective risk education strategies, and (c) underutilize
      potentially more effective behavioral or psychological treatments, either in
      their practices or via referral to outside programs and specialists. Physicians'
      pessimism about their patients' abilities to change health lifestyles, a lack of
      confidence in their own and outside treatments, and perceived patient rejection
      of referral for lifestyle change treatment, appear the major contributors to this
      underutilization along with the known financial and organizational obstacles to
      office-based health promotion and a lack of time and training for these
      activities. Suggestions for improving primary-care training and supports for
      health-promotion services are offered.

PMID- 4070194
TI  - Experimental analysis of adherence counseling: implications for hypertension
      management.
AB  - A time series "reversal" design demonstrated that behavioral counseling increased
      medication adherence from about 60 to 100% for a black, hypertensive patient.
      However, inadequate pharmacological treatment yielded no clinically important
      blood pressure decrease. The combination of improved compliance and minimal blood
      pressure reduction led the patient's physician to explore higher doses and
      alternate medications to achieve blood pressure control. The physician's
      aggressive medical treatment was initiated only after the patient's compliance
      had been improved. Thus, this study suggests that paraprofessional counseling can
      increase compliance and illustrates the need for both behavioral and
      physiological data in clinical management to avoid blaming patients for poorly
      controlled blood pressure.

PMID- 4070195
TI  - Spirometric "lung age" estimation for motivating smoking cessation.
AB  - Motivation for smoking cessation benefits from physician counseling. To further
      improve this educational process, spirometry can demonstrate ventilatory
      impairment to the smoker. In addition to comparing a person's spirometric results
      with predicted reference values for normal subjects, estimation of "lung age" can
      be used to demonstrate the effects of cigarette smoking. Equations were developed
      from reference linear regression equations permitting lung age estimation in
      terms of ventilatory function. This age can then be compared with the
      individual's chronological lung age. Normal and abnormal groups determined by a
      respiratory health questionnaire and pulmonary function testing were used to
      compare the value of single and combination spirometric tests. The forced
      expiratory volume at 1 sec proved superior to any other single test or
      combination for best separation of the two groups and had the lowest standard
      error for estimated lung age. Both spirometry and estimated lung age calculation
      may be useful for motivating cessation of cigarette smoking.

PMID- 4070196
TI  - [Blood glucose, C-peptide and glucagon levels in patients with a labile course of
      diabetes mellitus during use of the device "Biostator"].
AB  - Altogether 100 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus of a labile
      course were treated using the Biostator unit (artificial pancreas). The control
      group (20 persons) was treated with divided doses of insulin within a day. A
      study was made of glycemia, the range of its deviations, daily glucosuria,
      diuresis, the basal level of C-peptide and glucagon in the study and control
      groups prior to and after treatment. Statistically significant improvement of the
      values in the study group was observed, that, in the authors' opinion, can be
      attributed to the improvement of insulin-glucagon ratio at the expense fo an
      increase in the basal secretion of C-peptide as a result of the use of the
      artificial pancreas.

PMID- 4070197
TI  - [The formation of patient contingents with chronic nonspecific lung diseases and
      their dispensary care].

PMID- 4070198
TI  - [Specific and nonspecific reactivity of siderosilicotuberculosis patients].

PMID- 4070199
TI  - [Respiratory biomechanics and the state of pulmonary capillary blood flow in
      tuberculoma patients].

PMID- 4070200
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of tuberculosis therapy regimens in treating patients
      with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 4070201
TI  - [Dynamics of the specific process in newly detected patients with destructive
      pulmonary tuberculosis treated with rifampicin combined with other preparations].

PMID- 4070202
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of isoniazid, rifampicin and streptomycin in tuberculosis
      patients with chronic cor pulmonale].

PMID- 4070203
TI  - [Effect of rifampicin and ethambutol on indices of the sympathoadrenal system in
      patients with recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 4070204
TI  - [Dispensary observation of silicotuberculosis patients].

PMID- 4070206
TI  - [Effectiveness of using flamin and flacumin in a lesion of the liver due to
      isoniazid].

PMID- 4070205
TI  - [Deposition of drug solutions in the respiratory organs of a pulmonary
      tuberculosis patient when administered by endotracheobronchial methods].

PMID- 4070207
TI  - [Angiofollicular lymphoma of the lung].

PMID- 4070208
TI  - [Importance of determining copper, ceruloplasmin and histamine in the blood in
      the complex diagnosis of limited forms of pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 4070209
TI  - [Chemoprophylaxis of persons in dispensary registration group VII taking into
      account the risk factors of tuberculosis reactivation].

PMID- 4070210
TI  - [Ways of increasing the effectiveness of examinations of the population to
      prevent tuberculosis and other lung diseases].

PMID- 4070211
TI  - [Genital tuberculosis in women with clinically cured pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 4070212
TI  - [Problem of the diagnosis of tuberculosis of the intrathoracic lymph nodes in
      adults].

PMID- 4070213
TI  - [Characteristics of the course of disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis in patients
      of different ages].

PMID- 4070214
TI  - [Course and outcome of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis in bronchial
      stenosis].

PMID- 4070215
TI  - [Roentgen diagnosis of respiratory disorders in post-tuberculous changes in the
      lungs].

PMID- 4070216
TI  - [Use of the graded physical load for the evaluation of coronary circulation in
      patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 4070217
TI  - [Ketamine anesthesia during bronchoscopy in patients with pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 4070218
TI  - [Ga-67 scintigraphy of the lungs in patients with sarcoidosis of the respiratory
      organs].

PMID- 4070219
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of postoperative complications after surgical
      interventions on the respiratory organs by trans-sternal approach].

PMID- 4070220
TI  - [Significance of early surgical interventions in alcoholics with pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 4070221
TI  - [Possibilities of hemosorption for increasing the effectiveness of treatment of
      patients with renal tuberculosis with chronic renal insufficiency].

PMID- 4070222
TI  - [The course of genital tuberculosis in women in relation to the state of the
      immune system].

PMID- 4070223
TI  - [Diagnosis of tuberculosis of the prostate].

PMID- 4070224
TI  - [Changes in various parameters of homeostasis in patients with pulmonary
      tuberculosis after intra-arterial administration of antibacterial preparations].

PMID- 4070225
TI  - [Incidence of cancer in patients at a tuberculosis hospital (autopsy data)].

PMID- 4070226
TI  - [Value of subcutaneous administration of tuberculin as a test in the differential
      diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 4070227
TI  - [Diagnosis of diffuse interstitial lesions of the lungs].

PMID- 4070228
TI  - [Development of destructive and caseous forms of pulmonary tuberculosis and
      indications for their surgical treatment].

PMID- 4070229
TI  - [The occupational medicine expert's evaluation of the working capacity of workers
      disabled as a consequence of active pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 4070230
TI  - Discussions arising from: Fenton, G. W. The electroencephalogram in psychiatry:
      clinical and research applications.

PMID- 4070231
TI  - Dietary lipids, platelet function and arterial thrombosis in animals and man.

PMID- 4070232
TI  - Nutritional influences on the fibrinolytic system.

PMID- 4070233
TI  - Pressures for change in the Common Agricultural Policy.

PMID- 4070234
TI  - An agricultural approach to the new health policy.

PMID- 4070235
TI  - The economic implications of a health policy.

PMID- 4070236
TI  - Antagonism between norepinephrine and the Ca++ channel blockers nifedipine and
      verapamil in isolated guinea pig ventricle.

PMID- 4070237
TI  - The role of membrane hyperpolarization in the direct effects of hypoxia on
      isolated cerebral arteries.

PMID- 4070238
TI  - Time course alterations in tremor and muscarinic receptor binding produced by
      trimethyltin.

PMID- 4070239
TI  - Nicotinic sensitivity of the intrinsic cardiac nerves before and after treatment
      with digoxin.

PMID- 4070240
TI  - The effects of neurotensin on gastrointestinal motility in rodents.

PMID- 4070241
TI  - Blockade of tolerance to morphine analgesia by pentobarbital.

PMID- 4070242
TI  - Periaqueductal gray matter stimulation produced analgesia in the pentobarbital
      anesthetized rat.

PMID- 4070243
TI  - Serum anticonvulsant levels during chronic administration in the immature
      epileptic baboon, Papio papio.

PMID- 4070244
TI  - Anticonvulsant sensitivity in withdrawal seizure prone (WSP) and withdrawal
      seizure resistant (WSR) selectively bred mouse lines.

PMID- 4070245
TI  - TR2515, a quinazolinedione derivative blocks microiontophoretic induced
      inhibition of raphe cell firing by serotonergic drugs.

PMID- 4070246
TI  - Cholinergic mechanisms and seizures.

PMID- 4070247
TI  - Brain regional activity and damage associated with organophosphate induced
      seizures: effects of atropine and benactyzine.

PMID- 4070248
TI  - Characterization of spontaneous epileptiform discharges induced by
      organophosphorus anticholinesterases in the in vitro rat hippocampus.

PMID- 4070249
TI  - Transport, metabolism and blood flow in brain during organophosphate induced
      seizures.

PMID- 4070250
TI  - Haloperidol blocks amphetamine induced recovery of binocular depth perception
      after bilateral visual cortex ablation in cat.

PMID- 4070251
TI  - The effect of phenoxybenzamine on histamine H1-receptor binding sites in dog
      frontal cortex membranes.

PMID- 4070252
TI  - Ethanol induced temperature disturbances measured by automated radiotelemetry.

PMID- 4070253
TI  - The nature of the anticoagulated host's immune response to the presence of an
      implanted spontaneous C3H/HeJ mouse mammary tumor.

PMID- 4070254
TI  - Characterization of the rebound hypertension following withdrawal of clonidine
      treatment.

PMID- 4070255
TI  - Leukocytic response to C3H/HeJ mouse mammary tumor implants in C3H/HeJ mice.

PMID- 4070256
TI  - Developmental neuropharmacology/neurotoxicology.

PMID- 4070257
TI  - Chemical perturbations of development: guiding principles in the assessment of
      psychogenic and neurogenic abnormalities.

PMID- 4070258
TI  - Characteristics of rat lung carboxylesterases/amidases.

PMID- 4070259
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of tetracyclines in turkeys.

PMID- 4070260
TI  - Is penicillamine transported into cells via system ASC, an amino acid
      transporter?

PMID- 4070261
TI  - Saccharide excretion from rats with lymphomas.

PMID- 4070262
TI  - A new concept of optic lens focusing: the variable focal electronic molecular
      lens.

PMID- 4070263
TI  - The effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the coronary microcirculation.

PMID- 4070264
TI  - Effects of digoxin on isometrically contracting papillary muscles during cardiac
      muscle depression.

PMID- 4070265
TI  - Uptake of circulating epinephrine into rat myocardium.

PMID- 4070266
TI  - Effect of arterial endothelium on sensitivity to 5-hydroxytryptamine.

PMID- 4070267
TI  - A new model of congestive heart failure in anesthetized dogs.

PMID- 4070268
TI  - Nicardipine and nifedipine: effects on diuresis and serum aldosterone levels in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.

PMID- 4070269
TI  - Comparison between osmotic mini-pumps and controlled release pellets in chronic
      clonidine administration in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

PMID- 4070270
TI  - Diseases of complex etiology in small populations: ethnic differences and
      research approaches. Proceedings of a symposium on genetic epidemiology in an
      anthropological context. Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, August 18 and 19,
      1983.

PMID- 4070271
TI  - Isolates in transition: a research paradigm for genetic epidemiology.

PMID- 4070272
TI  - Phenotype amplification, as illustrated by cancer of the gallbladder in New World
      peoples.

PMID- 4070273
TI  - Some analytical explorations for detecting familial aggregation of disease
      traits.

PMID- 4070274
TI  - Genealogical approach to the genetic study of hypoacusia in a Caribbean isolate.

PMID- 4070275
TI  - Genetic consequences of demographic changes in human populations.

PMID- 4070276
TI  - Changing patterns of disease among South American Indians.

PMID- 4070277
TI  - Risk to disease of Andean populations inhabiting contrasting ecogeographic areas.

PMID- 4070278
TI  - Physical environmental, sociocultural and ethnic correlates of human biology in
      some populations of West Bengal, India and neighboring regions: mortality
      differentials.

PMID- 4070279
TI  - Diseases of complex etiology in small populations: ethnic differences and
      research approaches. Epilogue and summary.

PMID- 4070280
TI  - A covariance structure model for quantitative genetic research.
AB  - In this paper, we have presented a general covariance structure model for
      quantitative genetic research that incorporates measurement theory, components of
      variance, and regression theory for specification of structural relations among
      variance components. Each portion of the general model addresses specific issues
      important in delineating the genetic etiology of continuous traits. Through
      specification of a measurement model, genetic and environmental influences can be
      estimated independently of measurement error. Genetic and environmental sources
      of variance are defined from familial sampling designs through the components of
      variance model. Structural relationships among several traits at the genetic or
      environmental level can be specified through the regression model. The
      significance of parameters specified in each part of the model can be tested
      through model comparisons using a likelihood ratio chi-square test. We utilized
      the general model to test genetic covariance as a source of observed covariation
      of obesity and glucose tolerance in the Pima Indians. We initially applied the
      modeling approach using full-sib, half-sib sampling among the Pima with a second
      application including offspring as well as parental scores. Our initial
      applications of the methodology suggest that the covariance structure model can
      be a useful tool in genetic epidemiological research. Through model comparisons,
      our findings suggest that the association of glucose tolerance and obesity in the
      Pima is not due to a common set of genes but rather due to non-familial
      environmental influences. In conclusion, one task important for future research,
      as we see it, is the application of covariance structure models to other familial
      sampling designs and the evaluation of the usefulness of this approach through
      further applications to data.

PMID- 4070281
TI  - A definition of genetic epidemiology.

PMID- 4070282
TI  - Efficiency of recombination estimates using two-and three-point linkage data.

PMID- 4070283
TI  - Cooperative approaches to research and development of orphan drugs. Proceedings
      of a conference. New York, New York, April 9 and 10, 1984.

PMID- 4070284
TI  - The design and development of therapeutic agents for neuromuscular diseases.

PMID- 4070285
TI  - Orphan products development and some methods for maximizing the usefulness of
      research on rare diseases.

PMID- 4070286
TI  - Academic center approaches to orphan drug research and development.

PMID- 4070287
TI  - The fuel to run the orphan drug engine: a medical school-based Orphan Disease
      Center Program.

PMID- 4070288
TI  - Zinc as a treatment for Wilson's disease--an orphan among orphans.

PMID- 4070290
TI  - Interstitial cystitis.

PMID- 4070289
TI  - Therapy of cystinosis.

PMID- 4070291
TI  - Problems associated with developing orphan drugs into available therapy.

PMID- 4070292
TI  - Approaches to cooperation on the discovery of new therapies for rare disorders.

PMID- 4070293
TI  - The role of voluntary disease organizations in research and development of orphan
      drugs.

PMID- 4070294
TI  - The Orphan Products Board of the Department of Health & Human Services.

PMID- 4070295
TI  - The National Institutes of Health Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)
      Program: opportunities for orphan drug development.

PMID- 4070296
TI  - Introduction-Current activities and future goals of orphan disease agencies.

PMID- 4070297
TI  - The Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Commission on Drugs for Rare
      Diseases.

PMID- 4070298
TI  - Generic Pharmaceutical Industry Association Orphan Drug Institute.

PMID- 4070299
TI  - National Orphan Drugs and Devices Foundation.

PMID- 4070300
TI  - Orphan Drug Act.

PMID- 4070301
TI  - The National Cancer Institute's Drug Development Program.

PMID- 4070302
TI  - The Antiepileptic Drug Development Program: an example of government-industry
      collaboration.
AB  - By collaborating with the pharmaceutical industry in key areas of drug
      development, the ADD Program of the Epilepsy Branch, National Institute of
      Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, has responded to the need
      for more effective and less toxic antiepileptic drugs than those currently
      available. The program screens large numbers of compounds for anticonvulsant
      activity, conducts toxicology studies, and sponsors clinical trials of promising
      new drugs for the treatment of epilepsy. This collaboration with the
      pharmaceutical industry is providing a valuable model for a shared drug
      development program.

PMID- 4070303
TI  - The development of orphan drugs--a pharmaceutical company perspective.

PMID- 4070304
TI  - Biochemistry and biology of DNA methylation. Proceedings of a Fogarty
      International Center Conference. Bethesda, Maryland, April 17-19, 1985.

PMID- 4070305
TI  - Concerted modification of middle repetitive sequences.

PMID- 4070306
TI  - On the mechanism and inhibition of DNA cytosine methyltransferases.
AB  - We have presented some data from studies of two different DNA cytosine
      methyltransferases. The first enzyme, M.Hha I, was shown to catalyze 3H exchange
      from poly(dG.[5-3H]dC), at a rate that is 7 to 10 times greater than the rate of
      methylation. The exchange is inhibited by AdoHcy in an uncompetitive fashion.
      This pattern of inhibition suggests an ordered reaction sequence for M.Hha I
      catalyzed methylation. The second enzyme, M.Hpa II, was demonstrated to make an
      irreversible adduct with azaC-DNA. The results provide evidence that both enzymes
      form covalent dihydropyrimidine intermediates during catalysis.

PMID- 4070308
TI  - Suppression of malignant phenotype, changes in gene expression and DNA
      hypermethylation in human melanoma cells treated with arabinosyl cytosine.

PMID- 4070307
TI  - Relationship between expression of the albumin gene and its state of methylation.

PMID- 4070309
TI  - The molecular biology of human cancer.

PMID- 4070310
TI  - The organization of the vertebrate genome and the problem of the CpG shortage.

PMID- 4070311
TI  - Altered regulation of S-adenosylmethionine dependent methylation in adenosine
      deaminase deficiency.

PMID- 4070312
TI  - The role of S-adenosylhomocysteine in the biological utilization of S
      adenosylmethionine.

PMID- 4070313
TI  - The effect of flanking sequences on the de novo methylation of C-G pairs by the
      human DNA methylase.
AB  - The HeLa DNA methylase can methylate selected cytosine residues in
      oligodeoxynucleotides as small as 12-16 nucleotides in length in vitro. The
      maximum methylation rate seems to require oligomers having more than one C-G in
      the molecule even when only one of the C-G pairs is methylated. Compounds which
      contain a high G+C content also seem to be favored substrates. The use of defined
      synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides permits one to demonstrate that flanking DNA
      sequences can be critical in determining whether a C-G site can be methylated.

PMID- 4070314
TI  - Leukotrienes in cardiovascular and pulmonary function. 26th annual A.N. Richards
      Symposium. Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania, May 6-7, 1985.

PMID- 4070316
TI  - Microcirculatory effects of leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 in the guinea pig.

PMID- 4070315
TI  - Pulmonary venous responses to leukotrienes.

PMID- 4070317
TI  - Absence of direct inotropic effects of peptide leukotrienes in isolated mammalian
      heart preparations.

PMID- 4070318
TI  - Influence of formulation factors on the availability of drugs from topical
      preparations.

PMID- 4070319
TI  - [Solid dispersions of mebendazole in urea and PEG].

PMID- 4070320
TI  - Diurnal lipid and lipoprotein profiles with bezafibrate and clofibrate in healthy
      volunteers.
AB  - Diurnal lipid and lipoprotein profiles were measured in 28 healthy volunteers
      after 10-day treatment periods with placebo, bezafibrate (200 mg 3-times daily)
      or clofibrate (500 mg 3-times daily) in a double-blind, parallel trial. The two
      drugs lowered fasting triglyceride and cholesterol levels (p less than or equal
      to 0.05 for cholesterol with bezafibrate vs placebo). Diurnal triglyceride
      profiles were lowest with bezafibrate due to lowest fasting triglycerides.
      Alimentary lipaemia with placebo was mild and due to increased VLDL
      triglycerides, while the other lipoprotein lipids and total plasma cholesterol
      remained virtually unchanged during the day. Bezafibrate (half-life 2 hours) and
      clofibrate (half-life 15 hours) gave similar diurnal triglyceride patterns. The
      diurnal values were dependent on the fasting values. Changes in the
      cholesterol/phospholipid ratio during the day may be related to altered post
      prandial composition of HDL.

PMID- 4070321
TI  - Relationship between plasma and stimulated-saliva concentrations of theophylline
      in asthmatic children.
AB  - The trough steady-state concentration of theophylline in plasma and stimulated
      saliva of 12 asthmatic children receiving an oral slow-release theophylline
      preparation was determined after 1 week of treatment. Plasma theophylline
      concentration ranged from 3.6 to 10.8 microgram/ml and saliva concentration
      ranged from 3.2 to 7.0 microgram/ml. There was an excellent linear relationship
      between theophylline concentration in plasma and stimulated saliva (r=0.89, p is
      less than 0.001). These observations suggest that theophylline therapy could be
      monitored routinely using stimulated saliva. This may be a convenient, painless
      and non-invasive alternative for routine monitoring of theophylline levels in
      asthmatic children.

PMID- 4070322
TI  - Treatment of skin diseases of various origins with a multi-action drug
      combination.
AB  - Forty-three patients with skin diseases of poorly defined natures, often related
      to lengthy periods of hospitalization, were treated for 10 days with a
      combination of three creams, the active ingredients of which were beclomethasone
      dipropionate (0.025%), ketoconazole (2%) and sodium fusidate (2%), respectively.
      Positive results were obtained in 81.4% of the patients treated with good
      remission of symptoms and good healing of initial lesions. Local tolerance was
      excellent, and no adverse effects were observed.

PMID- 4070323
TI  - A multi-centre general practice comparison of a fixed-dose combination of
      pivmecillinam plus pivampicillin with amoxycillin in respiratory tract
      infections.
AB  - Seven-day courses of either 200 mg pivmecillinam plus 250 mg pivampicillin given
      twice daily or 250 mg amoxycillin given 3-times daily were compared in a multi
      centre general practice study in 350 patients with symptoms of upper or lower
      respiratory tract infection. Patients were stratified into four diagnostic
      groups: sinusitis, otitis media, throat infections, and acute bronchitis, and
      randomly allocated to treatment within these groups. Assessments at 7 days showed
      no difference in overall clinical efficacy between the two treatments; however,
      patients with acute bronchitis showed a better response to pivmecillinam plus
      pivampicillin. After treatment, signs of infection were absent in 139 (79%)
      patients in the pivmecillinam plus pivampicillin group and in 143 (80%) patients
      in the amoxycillin group. Both treatments were well tolerated, adverse effects
      being reported in only 17 (9.8%) patients after pivmecillinam plus pivampicillin
      and 15 (8.6%) patients after amoxycillin. These were mainly associated with
      disturbances of the gastro-intestinal tract where reports of diarrhoea were twice
      as common after amoxycillin.

PMID- 4070324
TI  - A study of the effect of meptazinol on fetal heart rate patterns.
AB  - A study was carried out in 40 women undergoing labour to investigate the effect
      of 100 to 150 mg meptazinol intramuscularly, given alone for the relief of labour
      pain, on fetal heart rate patterns. Patients were monitored continuously using a
      fetal scalp electrode attached to a fetal monitor, and fetal heart rate patterns
      recorded on the cardiotocograph. Traces were interpreted for 2 hours preceding
      and 2 hours after administration of meptazinol using a 12-point scoring system to
      quantify the variables of baseline rate and variability and the presence or
      absence of variable or late decelerations. All babies were born live and, except
      for 1 delivered by emergency caesaraen section under general anaesthesia, none
      had an Apgar score less than 8 at 1 minute. Analysis of the cardiotocograph
      traces showed that adverse changes, such as loss of variability, were not
      significantly associated with the use of meptazinol.

PMID- 4070325
TI  - Acute toxicity and analgesic action of a combination of buclizine, codeine and
      paracetamol ('Migraleve') in tablet and suppository form in rats.
AB  - Studies in rats were carried out to determine the acute toxicity and analgesic
      effect of a combination preparation ('Migraleve') containing codeine and
      paracetamol and the individual analgesics when given orally or by rectal
      administration. The results showed that the combination was no more toxic than
      paracetamol alone and, on the basis of the LD50:ED50 ratio, was less toxic by the
      oral than by the rectal route. In the rat-tail test, the combination induced a
      well-defined dose-dependent analgesic response which was greater after rectal
      administration. Codeine and paracetamol tested individually were effective only
      at relatively high dosage and, like the combination, their analgesic effects were
      greater after rectal administration and more clearly dose-dependent than after
      oral administration. Comparison of the area under the time-effect curves for the
      combination and the individual components confirmed the synergism between codeine
      and paracetamol.

PMID- 4070326
TI  - Intraseptal morphine potentiates pentobarbital narcosis and hypothermia in the
      rat.
AB  - Morphine injected intraseptally in the amounts of 35 and 70 nmol prolonged
      pentobarbital-induced narcosis in the rat. Pentobarbital-induced hypothermia was
      also potentiated by intraseptal injection of 70 nmol of morphine. These effects
      were antagonized when morphine was injected together with naltrexone (29 nmol).
      Naltrexone injected by itself into the septum did not significantly affect
      pentobarbital-narcosis and hypothermia. It is concluded that activation of mu
      opioid receptors in the septal region could affect the actions of pentobarbital.

PMID- 4070327
TI  - Effect of fenfluramine on GDP-binding to brown adipose tissue mitochondria.
AB  - These experiments have tested the effects of treatment with fenfluramine on the
      GDP-binding to mitochondria isolated from interscapular brown adipose tissue in
      vitro. In acute studies, the binding of GDP was significantly increased after 3,
      24, and 48 hours of treatment with a single dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight.
      Addition of fenfluramine in vitro, however was without effect. In a dose-response
      study there was no significant increase with doses of 2 or 6 mg/kg but there was
      a significant increase at 20 mg/kg. During eleven days of treatment, food intake
      was initially depressed by fenfluramine (20 mg/kg) and body weight was
      significantly reduced. By the ninth day of treatment however, food intake had
      returned to control values but the body weight remained significantly lower than
      in the control group. The weight of interscapular brown adipose tissue was not
      significantly altered but binding of GDP to isolated mitochondria was increased
      by 55%. These studies suggest a thermogenic effect of fenfluramine on the brown
      adipose tissue of rats.

PMID- 4070328
TI  - Caffeine-induced taste aversion and mimetic responses.
AB  - Novel tastes preceded a range of caffeine doses (10-80 mg/kg) in a taste aversion
      training trial. One week later rats which had doses of 30 mg or higher showed
      strong aversions as measured by a single bottle consumption test. The 10 and 20
      mg dose produced the most hyperactivity and apparently enhanced intake of the
      taste paired with caffeine. During the training trial, rats receiving the 80 mg
      dose exhibited copious gapes and chin-rubs, mimetic responses to noxious tastes.
      Gapes also occurred in these subjects during the aversion test. Consumption was
      more sensitive than mimetic responding as a measure of the aversive effects of
      caffeine. Only the 80 mg dose produced neophobia. Tests with isotonic injections
      indicated that tonicity was not the source of the aversions.

PMID- 4070329
TI  - Effects of d-amphetamine and of beta-phenylethylamine on fixed interval
      responding maintained by self-regulated lateral hypothalamic stimulation in rats.
AB  - d-Amphetamine sulphate (0.25-4.0 mg/kg) and beta-phenylethylamine hydrochloride
      (1.25-50 mg/kg) respectively were administered IP to two groups of rats (R1-R4
      and R5-R8 respectively) responding on a fixed interval (FI) schedule (R1-R4 FI 60
      sec, R5-R8 FI 30 sec) of electrical hypothalamic stimulation. The duration of
      each train of stimulation was controlled by the duration of each lever press that
      initiated stimulation. Under these conditions administration of d-amphetamine
      resulted in a marked increase in overall response rates on the FI 60 sec
      schedule. This effect was significant at 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg. d-Amphetamine had not
      significant effect on the duration of hypothalamic stimulation or on the duration
      of responses occurring during the FI. Administration of beta-phenylethylamine
      resulted in a decrease in overall response rates on the FI 30 sec schedule. This
      effect was significant at 50 mg/kg. beta-Phenylethylamine increased the duration
      of responses occurring during the FI, this effect being significant at 25 and 50
      mg/kg, but had no significant effect on the duration of hypothalamic stimulation.
      These results indicate that the systemic effects of d-amphetamine on response
      rate, and of beta-phenylethylamine on both response rate and response duration,
      are dissociable from changes in the self-regulated duration of lateral
      hypothalamic stimulation.

PMID- 4070330
TI  - Norepinephrine, clonidine, and tricyclic antidepressants selectively stimulate
      carbohydrate ingestion through noradrenergic system of the paraventricular
      nucleus.
AB  - Using a self-selection feeding procedure, the present experiments examined the
      impact of central and peripheral injection of the alpha-adrenergic agonist
      clonidine (CLON) and the tricyclic antidepressant drugs amitriptyline (AMIT) and
      chlorimipramine (CIMIP) on nutrient selection in the adult male rat. In tests
      with mixed diets or with separate sources of the 3 macronutrients (carbohydrate,
      protein, and fat) simultaneously available, the following results were obtained:
      Peripheral and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) injection of CLON stimulated total
      food intake and preferentially increased ingestion of carbohydrate. Little or no
      change in protein or fat intake was observed. This pattern of response is similar
      to that observed with norepinephrine. PVN injection of AMIT and peripheral
      injection of CIMIP also selectively enhanced carbohydrate intake. These drug
      effects on carbohydrate selection occurred under a variety of conditions,
      including with mixed diets and pure dietary nutrients; under ad lib and
      restricted feeding conditions; in short (1 hr) as well as long (6 hr) test
      intervals; and in the absence or presence of a change in total calorie intake.
      Based on this and other evidence, it is proposed that noradrenergic neurons
      innervating the PVN in the rat play a role in regulating carbohydrate selection,
      and that this neurochemical system mediates the stimulating action of CLON and
      antidepressants on carbohydrate ingestion.

PMID- 4070331
TI  - Effects of initial body weight on anorexia and tolerance to fenfluramine in rats.
AB  - The initial anorexia and development of tolerance to dl-fenfluramine was examined
      in rats with graded pretreatment body weight losses. Fenfluramine strongly
      attenuated food intake on the first test day in all weight groups and the
      magnitude of the initial anorexia did not differ between groups. The time course
      of anorectic tolerance was also similar in each of the groups. The results do not
      support a strict "set point" hypothesis according to which the tolerance to
      fenfluramine anorexia is an artifact of decreasing body weight and/or
      concurrently increasing relative food deprivation.

PMID- 4070332
TI  - Different effects of apomorphine on climbing behavior and locomotor activity in
      three strains of mice.
AB  - Apomorphine (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3 mg/kg, SC), induces a dose-dependent reduction
      of locomotor activity in DBA/2(DBA) and BALB/c(BALB) mice, while it enhances
      locomotor activity in a biphasic way in C57BL/6(C57) mice. On the other hand,
      apomorphine is ineffective in modifying climbing behavior in DBA mice while it
      increases climbing behavior in C57 and BALB mice. The results, taken together,
      suggest that these are two different behaviors, possibly controlled by different
      dopaminergic mechanisms depending on the genetic makeup.

PMID- 4070333
TI  - The effect of intracerebroventricularly infused satietin on conditioned taste
      aversion and feeding in rats fasted different lengths.
AB  - Satietin is a glycoprotein (50,000-70,000 daltons MW) found in human serum
      (greater than 2 micrograms/ml) that is reported to be a strong anorexigenic agent
      when infused (10-100 micrograms/rat) intracerebroventricularly (ICV) into rats.
      The initial three experiments presented here explored whether satietin suppresses
      food intake by making the animals ill or causing them to experience malaise. A
      two-bottle taste aversion paradigm was used for this testing. In all experiments
      the rats were fitted with chronic third ventricle cannulas. After recovery from
      surgery the rats were trained for at least 6 days to drink their water in one
      hour a day, 1100-1200-hr (LD12:12-hr, lights out 12:00-hr). In Experiment 1 and 3
      satietin (100 or 25 micrograms/rat) or vehicle was infused ICV 30 minutes prior
      to exposure to a novel neutral preference fluid flavor (banana or almond
      flavoring in water). Three days later the rats were given a choice of the two
      flavors to consume; this was repeated the next day. In both experiments satietin
      treated rats showed strong aversion to the flavor paired with satietin infusion,
      while saline infused controls showed no aversion. A similar paradigm was used
      during the second experiment, except satietin or vehicle infusion was paired with
      a highly preferred saccharin-water solution. Three days later the rats were given
      a choice between water and the saccharin-water solution. The satietin (50
      micrograms/rat) treated rats exhibited a marked aversion to the saccharin-water
      solution. These data suggest that satietin may be an aversive substance.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4070334
TI  - Altered development of responsiveness to clonidine in severely malnourished rats.
AB  - To examine the effects of malnutrition on the ontogeny of alpha 2 noradrenergic
      receptor function, we compared the effects of clonidine during early development
      in severely malnourished and well-nourished rat pups. Independent groups of pups
      from dams given either 6% or 25% casein diets received one of five doses of
      clonidine at 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25 days of age and dose-response relationships for
      motor activity were determined. In the 25% pups the clonidine-induced locomotor
      activity was greatest at 5 and 10 days, intermediate at 15 days and not elevated
      at 20 and 25 days. The malnourished pups exhibited a significant delay in the
      transition from hyperactivity to hypoactivity, being activated by clonidine until
      at least 25 days. Wall-climbing measures indicated similar developmental trends
      as overall activity. These results are discussed in terms of the proposed
      mechanisms mediating the developmental change in the effects of alpha 2 receptor
      stimulation.

PMID- 4070335
TI  - Effect of cocaine and pentylenetetrazol on cortical kindling.
AB  - The effect of drug-induced convulsions on subsequent cortical kindling was
      studied in male Long-Evans rats. Animals experienced three intravenous infusions
      of physiological saline at 3 day intervals, or three convulsions induced by the
      infusion of cocaine or pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). Beginning eight days after the
      last infusion, all animals were kindled by stimulation of the anterior neocortex
      (area 6). PTZ-induced convulsions facilitated the development of both the
      behavioral convulsion and the electrographic seizure during cortical kindling,
      while cocaine-induced convulsions facilitated only the development of the
      electrographic seizure. Comparison of these results with previous research
      indicates that convulsions induced by these two drugs have long-lasting effects
      on brain function which differ both in their anatomical distribution and in the
      nature of the effects produced. These drugs also differed in their acute effects
      at subconvulsant doses on the expression of cortically kindled seizures. Cocaine
      (and lidocaine, another local anesthetic) substantially elevated afterdischarge
      (AD) threshold and inhibited the focal component of the cortically kindled
      seizure. PTZ had no significant effect on either of these variables but
      significantly increased AD duration. In addition to these drug effects, a
      substantial inhibitory effect on seizure expression was observed, both during
      kindling and afterwards, when ADs were elicited daily but not when they were
      separated by 3 days or more. This finding suggests that the large number of ADs
      typically required for cortical kindling may be due in part to daily stimulation.

PMID- 4070336
TI  - Chin rub CRs are elicited by flavors associated with apomorphine, scopolamine,
      methscopolamine, physostigmine and neostigmine.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted in order to determine the pattern of behavioral
      conditioned responses (CRs) elicited by flavors paired with each of various drugs
      which effectively establish avoidance of a flavored solution. Each of the drugs
      employed supported both chin rub CRs and avoidance of a flavored solution.
      Experiment 1 employed apomorphine, a classic emetic agent which pharmacologically
      acts as a dopaminergic agonist. Experiment 2 and 3 employed cholinergic agonists
      and antagonists which were either peripherally or both peripherally and centrally
      acting agents. The results suggest that chin rub CRs may be produced by means of
      the activation of a system which is peripheral to the CNS. Furthermore, flavor
      avoidance produced by drugs which support chin rub CRs may be mediated by a shift
      in the hedonic rating of the flavored solution; whereas, flavor avoidance
      produced by drugs which do not support chin rub CRs is probably mediated by a
      mechanism other than a hedonic shift.

PMID- 4070337
TI  - Differences between calcium channel inhibitors in their effects on phencyclidine
      induced behavioral stimulation in mice.
AB  - Sixteen calcium channel inhibitors (CCI's) were tested in a model utilizing
      phencyclidine (PCP)-induced behavioral stimulation in mice. There were marked
      differences in the effects of CCI's both within subclasses and between subclasses
      of CCI's. All of the dihydropyridines and possibly flunarizine were effective in
      blocking PCP-induced behavioral stimulation. Papaverine derivatives, including
      verapamil, and several other CCI's, were ineffective.

PMID- 4070338
TI  - Effect of calmodulin antagonists on calcium and ethanol-induced sleeping time in
      mice.
AB  - This investigation was carried out to determine if calcium prolongation of
      ethanol-induced sleep is mediated by calmodulin and a calmodulin-dependent
      protein kinase. The duration of ethanol-induced sleeping time in ddY male mice
      was measured following the administration of CaCl2 (20, 40, 80 and 200 mumol/kg,
      intraperitoneally (IP) both with and without the calmodulin antagonists, W-7: [N
      (6-Aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide] (4.2 micrograms/mouse,
      intraventricular (IVT) or trifluoperazine (TFP; 1.8 micrograms/mouse, IVT). When
      CaCl2 was administered in a dose dependent manner the duration of ethanol-induced
      sleep was prolonged. The prolongation was antagonized by W-7 and TFP. When mice
      were treated with W-7 or TFP together with serotonin (5-HT; 15 nmol/mouse, IVT),
      dopamine (DA; 30 nmol/mouse, IVT) or norepinephrine (NE; 30 nmol/mouse, IVT), the
      sleeping time induced by ethanol and calcium was enhanced. This finding suggests
      that W-7 and TFP selectively inhibit the synthesis of 5-HT, DA and NE, but they
      do not affect other neuronal functions of these biogenic amines. The results
      would suggest a probable mechanism in which Ca++ prolongs ethanol-induced
      sleeping time by activating tyrosine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase
      through intracerebral calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, which
      subsequently raise the levels of 5-HT, DA and NE.

PMID- 4070339
TI  - Caffeine effects: interaction of drug and wheelrunning experience.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were tested for wheelrunning following repeated
      injections of caffeine or distilled water after varying amounts of experience
      with caffeine and wheelrunning. Rats experienced with caffeine in combination
      with wheelrunning ran significantly more than rats experienced only with caffeine
      or wheelrunning alone. Results suggest that caffeine's stimulant effects are
      greater when subjects are experienced with wheelrunning while under the influence
      of the drug.

PMID- 4070340
TI  - Radioiodinated ganglioside GM1: a potential tool for the investigation of
      ganglioside function in vivo.
AB  - Ganglioside GM1 was labeled with 125I either directly or after conjugation to
      tyramine. Direct iodination of the sphingosine chain resulted in a compound which
      dehalogenated rapidly both in vitro and in vivo. The binding of the 125I[GM1
      tyramine] conjugate to neuronal membranes in vitro was similar to that reported
      for 3H-GM1. The biodistribution of 125I activity after intravenous injection of
      0.5 uM and 5 uM 125I[GM1-tyramine] in mice was also similar to that reported for
      3H-GM1. This radioiodinated GM1 derivative might be useful for the study of
      ganglioside GM1 function in vivo.

PMID- 4070341
TI  - Relationship between SH group reactivity and concentration of bovine serum
      albumin and rat plasma.
AB  - This study revealed that SH group reactivity (R) and concentration (C) of bovine
      serum albumin (BSA) and rat plasma are proportional in the sulphydryl-disulfide
      (SH-SS) exchange reaction with 5-5' dithiobis (2nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB). The
      existence of the R/C proportionality suggests the use of Kr ratio and C as
      parameters for characterizing the biological properties of plasma SH groups.
      Moreover it was found that the electrophilic agents, diethylmaleate (DEM) and
      ethacrynic acid (ETHAC) that react with SH groups, determine an in vitro decrease
      in plasma SH group concentration and a Kr increase. The Kr increase seemed to be
      independent of SH group blocking as results obtained with sodium dodecyl sulfate
      (SDS) and SDS plus DEM indicated. The Kr biological significance might be related
      to a conformational change of albumin. In vivo treatment with 0.6 and 1.2 ml/kg
      of DEM confirmed the plasmatic linear relationship between R and C and showed a
      Kr increase in accordance with in vitro results. In carrageenan paw edema,
      decreased SH group plasma levels and an increased Kr were obtained.

PMID- 4070342
TI  - Effect of the antilipolytic compound acipimox on peroxisome marker enzymes, lipid
      pattern and biotransformation related functions in rat liver.
AB  - The antilipolytic drug acipimox (5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid 4-oxide) was
      given to male rats for 1 week at 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day and for 2, 6 and 7
      months at 20, 100 and 500 mg/kg/day. The peroxisome proliferative effect was
      evaluated determining the activity of catalase and carnitine acetyltransferase,
      the rate of cyanide-insensitive palmitoyl CoA oxidation and the electrophoretic
      profile of liver polypeptides. Hepatic lipid content and distribution were
      evaluated after 2 and 6 months' treatment. The effect on liver detoxificating
      function was evaluated by assaying glutathione, cytochrome P-450, glutathione-S
      transferase and glutathione-reductase activities after 7 months' treatment. Sub
      acute and chronic treatment with a wide range of acipimox doses did not cause
      hepatomegaly, liver peroxisome proliferation or liver steatosis and did not
      change some important biochemical variables related to detoxification and
      biotransformation mechanisms. Acipimox given to rats does not have the negative
      side-effects of other compounds and seems a safe blood lipid lowering drug.

PMID- 4070343
TI  - Metronidazole-quinolone combination: antibacterial activity in vitro.
AB  - Combination of metronidazole and oxolinic or pipemidic acid were tested in vitro
      against some of the bacteria most commonly responsible for genito-urinary
      infections (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Enterob. cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Pr.
      mirabilis, Pr. morganii, Str. faecalis and 3 strains of Ps. aeruginosa). The
      metronidazole-oxolinic acid combination was found to be additive or synergistic
      against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Enterob. cloacae and Serratia marcescens. The
      results show that subinhibitory concentrations of oxolinic acid may reveal an
      activity of metronidazole against aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria,
      under aerobic conditions.

PMID- 4070344
TI  - [Synthesis of N-alpha-(8-quinolinesulfonyl)-4-amidinophenylalanine amides as
      thrombin inhibitors].
AB  - The compounds mentioned in the title were prepared starting from 4
      cyanophenylalanine by sulfonylation using 8-quinoline sulfonic acid chloride,
      formation of the 4-nitrophenylester, aminolysis of the latter and subsequent
      transformation of the cyano via the thiocarbamoyl and the thioimid acid ester
      into the amidine group. The antithrombin effect decreased by substituting the 1
      naphthylsulfonyl by the 8-quinolinesulfonyl residue.

PMID- 4070345
TI  - Stability of chlortetracycline hydrochloride and chloramphenicol in some
      ophthalmic ointment bases.
AB  - The stability of chlortetracycline hydrochloride at 25 and 35 degrees C in
      absorption base with and without antioxidant decreased during storage for 12
      months, while, in water-in-oil emulsion base the medicament was more stable than
      in oil-in-water emulsion ointment bases. Chloramphenicol was more stable in the
      absorption base that contained lanolin than in the base which contained cetyl
      alcohol. Chloramphenicol was more stable in oil-in-water than in water-in-oil
      emulsion bases. The decomposition rate constant of chlortetracycline
      hydrochloride and chloramphenicol followed first order kinetics, when the
      stability study was carried out at 25 and 35 degrees C.

PMID- 4070346
TI  - Studies on the release of drugs from O/W emulsion ointments using the
      mathematical interpretations. Part 2: Influence of the ointment composition.
AB  - The empirical function Q = t/(A + Bt) has been applied to the quantitative
      description of the release process of salicylic acid from the emulsion ointment
      as influenced by its composition. The results as compared with those obtained by
      the use of Higuchi's "exponential" equation confirm the usefulness of the
      proposed equation, especially for thin ointment layers. It has been shown that
      there is a satisfactory correlation between the values of parameters 1/A, 1/B and
      thickness of the ointment layer and its composition. In this manner it is
      possible to predict the time course of the release process under other
      conditions.

PMID- 4070347
TI  - Availability studies on acetylsalicylic acid, salicylamide and phenacetin at
      different pH values.
AB  - The optimum partitioning rate of acetylsalicylic acid has been attained at pH = 4
      and minimum partitioning rate was found to be at pH = 8. The maximum partitioning
      rate of salicylamide was observed at pH = 5 and the smallest one was found at pH
      = 6 or 8. At pH = 3 a maximum amount of phenacetin was found in the aqueous
      phase, while at pH = 6 a maximum amount was found in the octanolic layer. The
      maximum partitioning rate was found at pH = 6 and lowest one was observed at pH =
      3. The gastrointestinal absorption of acetylsalicylic acid, salicylamide and
      phenacetin was significantly increased, as reflected by the urinary excretion
      data in presence of solid buffer components at pH values of 4,5 and 6
      respectively.

PMID- 4070348
TI  - [Experiences with propranolol (Obsidan25) in hypertension therapy in pregnancy].
AB  - The treatment of the mentioned forms of hypertension with propranolol during
      pregnancy either as monotherapy or in combination with dihydralazine and after
      careful exclusion of the contraindications described represents a further
      effective therapy. In the control examinations during pregnancy carried out in
      close cooperation between obstetrician and internist no detrimental side effects
      could be established for both mother and child. No significant changes of
      absorption, distribution and elimination of propranolol in pregnant women with
      hypertension in comparison with normotensive nonpregnant women were found as
      follows from the pharmacokinetic parameters shown.

PMID- 4070349
TI  - [Analgesic effect, tolerance development and dependence potential of D
      phenylalanine].
AB  - In comparison to well-established non-narcotic analgetics, the amino acid D
      phenylalanine produces similar, dose-dependent analgesic effects in animal
      experiments, but acts significantly longer. Neither a tolerance of mice to D-Phe
      after administration for 10 d nor a development of drug dependence in rats
      following treatment for 6 weeks could be regarded.

PMID- 4070350
TI  - [The in vitro modification of lactate dehydrogenase by drugs].

PMID- 4070351
TI  - Determination of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium in dialysis solution
      for artificial kidneys by capillary isotachophoresis.

PMID- 4070352
TI  - Inhibition by diltiazem of norepinephrine release from sympathetic nerves in the
      rabbit pulmonary artery.
AB  - In order to determine if the calcium blocker diltiazem could alter excitation
      secretion coupling in vascular sympathetic nerves, superfused rabbit pulmonary
      arterial strips were preincubated with 3H-norepinephrine and stimulated
      electrically (2-8 Hz) and by KCl (60 mM). Diltiazem significantly inhibited
      tension development with 4 Hz (1.5 X 10(-5) M) and 8 Hz (1.5 X 10(-6), 1.5 X 10(
      5) M) stimuli, but only at 1.5 X 10(-5) M did diltiazem inhibit the 3H overflow
      evoked by an 8-Hz stimulus. No inhibition of 3H overflow was noted with the 2 and
      4 Hz stimuli. With an 8-Hz stimulus the inhibition of tension development (45.4%)
      by diltiazem (1.5 X 10(-5) M) was significantly greater than the inhibition of 3H
      overflow (33.8%). A similar relationship was noted with 60 mM KCl stimulation.
      These data suggest that excitation-secretion coupling in vascular sympathetic
      nerves can be inhibited by diltiazem.

PMID- 4070353
TI  - Effect of ultrafiltration on peritoneal dialysis drug clearances.
AB  - To determine the effect of dialysate osmolarity on peritoneal dialysis drug
      transfer, peritoneal dialysis clearances of theophylline, phenobarbital, and
      tobramycin were determined in 10 rabbits using dialysate containing 1.5 and 4.25%
      glucose. Urea and creatinine clearances were also obtained for comparison. Under
      similar dialysis conditions, the peritoneal clearances of the three drugs
      remained unchanged for the two types of dialysate. In contrast, the peritoneal
      clearances of urea and creatinine were significantly higher with the use of 4.25%
      glucose dialysate (p less than 0.001). Thus, peritoneal dialysis clearances of
      theophylline, phenobarbital and tobramycin are not significantly affected by
      hypertonicity-induced ultrafiltration during acute peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 4070355
TI  - Facing limitation and failure: four literary portraits.
AB  - The four stories presented above deal with several ways physicians respond to the
      experience of limitation, failure, and loss. They may seek solace in the mistakes
      of others, or cultivate a cynical outlook, or bargain for the time to figure
      things out, or become angry and project their failure on other forces, or lament
      their fallibility in the face of assuming responsibility. At the same time, the
      physicians in the stories grieve the loss of persons entrusted to their care,
      experiencing sadness and sometimes the urge for recrimination. The broadest
      common message of these fictional portraits of failure seems to be that while to
      err is human, it is equally human to struggle against error by trying to account
      for it, explain it, or prevent it the next time. Literature holds out little hope
      for eliminating or avoiding failures and mistakes, but in the unblinking accuracy
      and complexity of emotion with which it displays physicians coming to terms with
      failure, literature is on the side of understanding and empathy.

PMID- 4070354
TI  - Naloxone interaction with some CNS depressants.
AB  - Mice were either pretreated with naloxone (10 mg/kg i.p.) and then injected with
      a hypnotic, or given a similar dose of naloxone simultaneously with a hypnotic
      (combination treatment). Neither the naloxone pretreatment nor the combination
      treatment changed the time of on-set or the sleeping duration of urethane,
      chloral hydrate or ketamine. However, the naloxone pretreatment markedly
      decreased the on-set time and prolonged the sleeping duration of phenobarbitone
      and barbitone; naloxone in combination prolonged the sleeping duration of
      pentobarbitone, phenobarbitone and barbitone.

PMID- 4070356
TI  - Animals in research: an investigator's perspective.

PMID- 4070357
TI  - Times ago--times four.

PMID- 4070358
TI  - Abortion: medical perspectives and problems.

PMID- 4070359
TI  - Radiation exposure of a population due to diagnostic x-ray examinations: some
      critical remarks.
AB  - From the figures and the statistics obtained from radiological examinations
      carried out annually, the 'mean annual bone marrow dose' or the annual
      'genetically significant gonadal dose' of a population can be calculated. In this
      study the irradiation parameters corresponded approximately to those reported by
      some 200 doctors. The testes and ovarian doses were measured with TL dosemeters
      inside a phantom; the bone marrow dose was determined using the same dosemeters
      inserted at 55 points in the phantom. The measured values were finally computer
      transformed into the mean doses per examination that would have been obtained had
      each measurement been carried out using the parameters to which x-ray units are
      actually set by doctors. The use of different methods for determining gonadal
      dose makes it practically impossible to draw conclusions about possible over
      utilisation of radiological procedures in the country in question. The same
      applies for the average exposure per inhabitant, i.e. the sum of the
      experimentally determined gonadal doses of all the people examined by radiology
      in one year, divided by the population of a country. It would therefore be
      greatly appreciated if a certain amount of standardisation as regards measuring
      methods and the selection of irradiation parameters could be introduced at
      international level.

PMID- 4070360
TI  - Dosimetry comparison and characterisation of an Al K ultrasoft x-ray beam from an
      MRC cold-cathode source.
AB  - Ultrasoft x-rays of 0.3-5 keV have provided a unique tool for the investigation
      of intracellular mechanisms of radiation action in biological organisms,
      including mammalian cells. However, their use presents unique practical problems
      in dosimetry and experimental design. Detailed interpretation of the biological
      results requires reliable dosimetry and well characterised monoenergetic beams.
      This paper presents a comparison between two fundamentally different dosimetric
      techniques, namely the ionisation current in an extrapolation chamber and photon
      counts in a proportional counter. Agreement within 7% was obtained when these two
      methods were applied to an Al K x-ray beam (1.5 keV) from an MRC cold-cathode
      transmission target discharge tube as previously used in many biological
      experiments. Photographic film was calibrated as a relative dosimetric technique
      and used for investigation of the intensity uniformity of the radiation field.
      These techniques provide a comprehensive characterisation of the beam in the
      position of the biological cells, including photon flux (or absorbed dose rate),
      spectral purity (showing much less than 1% bremsstrahlung relative to
      characteristic Al x-rays) and uniformity over the irradiation area (within about
      5% for mammalian cell irradiations).

PMID- 4070361
TI  - Comparison of ionisation measurements in water and polystyrene for electron beam
      dosimetry.
AB  - For the determination of absorbed dose to water in electron beams, dosimetry
      protocols advocate ionisation measurements in plastic phantoms instead of water
      for practical reasons. The chamber readings in polystyrene at the depth of
      maximum ionisation must be corrected for the difference in physical properties
      between the two materials. This correction factor was determined for a Farmer 0.6
      cm3 graphite-walled chamber in electron beams with mean energies at the phantom
      surface between 6 and 19 MeV. Experiments with white polystyrene yielded
      corrections for the measured ionisation ranging from 0.3 to 2.4%. For clear
      polystyrene, 0.6-1% higher corrections were found. For beams with the same mean
      energy at the phantom surface, but with different beam-flattening and collimation
      systems, variations in this correction up to 1.2% were observed. In contrast to
      recent reports on electrical charge storage in polystyrene due to electron
      irradiation, our experiments do not show differences in the chamber readings any
      larger than 0.5%.

PMID- 4070362
TI  - Stopping-power ratio for a photon spectrum as a weighted sum of the values for
      monoenergetic photon beams.
AB  - Stopping-power ratios for water to air, Sw,air, have been calculated for 60Co and
      thin-target bremsstrahlung beams. The Monte Carlo method was used to generate
      depth-dependent Sw,air values and depth-absorbed-dose distributions in water for
      monoenergetic photon beams covering the energy range 0.1-50 MeV. An averaging
      procedure has been developed to derive the stopping-power ratios for a photon
      spectrum from the monoenergetic data. Values of the Spencer-Attix ratio for delta
      = 10 keV, SSAw,air (delta = 10 keV), and the Bragg-Gray ratio, SBGw,air,
      evaluated using the new I values and two different sets of values for the density
      effect correction, are given at the reference depths recommended in the dosimetry
      protocols.

PMID- 4070363
TI  - Error analysis of the microradiographic determination of mineral content in
      mineralised tissue slices.
AB  - The microradiographic method, used to measure the mineral content in slices of
      mineralised tissues as a function of position, is analysed. The total error in
      the measured mineral content is split into systematic errors per microradiogram
      and random noise errors. These errors are measured quantitatively. Predominant
      contributions to systematic errors appear to be x-ray beam inhomogeneity, the
      determination of the step wedge thickness and stray light in the densitometer
      microscope, while noise errors are under the influence of the choice of film, the
      value of the optical film transmission of the microradiographic image and the
      area of the densitometer window. Optimisation criteria are given. We used these
      criteria, together with the requirement that the method be fast and easy, to
      build an optimised microradiographic system.

PMID- 4070364
TI  - Application of information spectra for the evaluation of radiographic image
      quality and system performance.

PMID- 4070365
TI  - Convection currents in a water calorimeter.
AB  - A flexible, temperature-regulated water calorimeter has been constructed
      containing two pairs of thermistor sensors at depths of 6.23 and 10.0 cm. It may
      be irradiated by vertical or horizontal beams, and operated at temperatures in
      the range from 3 to 40 degrees C. When irradiated at 30 degrees C with a
      vertically downward 19 MeV electron beam, the responses of the proximal and
      midline thermistors were in accordance with the depth-dose curve. When irradiated
      horizontally, the initial patterns of temperature rise were the same, but after
      about 30 s (4 Gy) the rate of temperature rise decreased at the proximal
      thermistors and increased at the midline thermistors. Shortly after irradiation,
      the temperature curve and increased at the midline thermistors. Shortly after
      irradiation, the temperature curve of the midline thermistors crossed that for
      the proximal thermistors, a pattern that suggested the presence of convection
      currents. To test this hypothesis, the calorimeter was operated at 4 degrees C.
      The temperature patterns for horizontal irradiation became the same as those
      obtained with vertical beams, thus demonstrating the production of convection
      currents in water at a temperature of 30 degrees C for temperature gradients as
      small as 10(-3) degrees C cm-1.

PMID- 4070366
TI  - Macroscopic ionic currents within the human leg.
AB  - Recent research on developing and healing tissues suggests that small quasi-DC
      ionic currents (of magnitude 10-20 microA) may play a controlling role in the
      initiation and organisation of growing tissues, but the difficulties of measuring
      such small currents have led to confusing results. Sensitive magnetometry
      provides a method of demonstrating and, to some extent, locating such currents. A
      SQUID magnetometer system has been built and used to investigate the magnetic
      fields around the uninjured human leg. Analysis of the magnetic fields reveals
      the presence of slowly changing macroscopic current loops (of magnitude up to 12
      microA) within the leg. These currents are broadly similar in all subjects, and
      show day-to-day reproducibility in individuals. They change predictably with time
      of muscle relaxation (over an hour), and revert to the original form on muscular
      exertion. These currents are of significance when considering the therapeutic use
      of injected current for the healing of non-union in bone.

PMID- 4070367
TI  - Compartmental analysis of cerebrospinal fluid transfer and absorption in
      simulated hydrocephalus.
AB  - A mathematical model of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamics found in
      hydrocephalic infants with myelomeningocele lesions was constructed using
      criteria obtained from analogous clinical situations where 125I-labelled and 131I
      labelled ortho-iodobenzoyl-amino-acetic acid (hippuran) had been employed to
      measure CSF flow dynamics. The quantitative results from this study allowed
      clinical data to be assessed and the importance of various CSF transfer
      mechanisms to be discussed. Our mathematical model indicates that the majority of
      radiopharmaceutical passes from the cerebral reservoir (the ventricles) into the
      blood. Experimental evidence indicates that the principal mechanism responsible
      for this movement is the bulk flow of CSF between its sites of production in the
      choroid plexus and absorption by the arachnoid villi.

PMID- 4070369
TI  - Radiofrequency dielectric properties of animal tissues as a function of time
      following death.
AB  - The dielectric properties of three bovine tissues, liver, kidney and spleen, as a
      function of time following death, were measured in the frequency range from 20
      kHz to 100 MHz using an automatic network analyser and an end-of-the-line sensor.
      The dielectric constant of kidney and spleen decreases as a function of time
      following death, particularly at frequencies below 1 MHz. However, all tissues
      measured show a characteristic increase in the frequency-independent ionic
      conductivity. This is believed to reflect changes in the conductivity of the
      extracellular region of tissues after death. The dielectric parameters, i.e. the
      static dielectric constant, the relaxation time and the coefficient of the
      relaxation time distribution, obtained by a curve-fitting process, do not change
      within the first 10 h following death in the case of liver, whereas early changes
      occur for both kidney and spleen. High initial values of the static dielectric
      constant for these tissues decrease significantly within a few hours following
      death. Similarly, the relaxation time which is relatively long for kidney and
      spleen, as compared with liver, decreases with time. Our data compare favourably
      with those reported by several investigators for similar tissues in other species
      (dog, cat, swine and cattle).

PMID- 4070368
TI  - Estimation of 131I-hippuran blood activity from externally registered activity.
AB  - The application of data-processing methods such as deconvolution or computer
      assisted background subtraction to renography requires knowledge of the input to
      the kidneys. The two most commonly used approximations to the kidney input in
      131I-hippuran probe renography are to assume that the kidney input is described
      either by the time-activity curve recorded over the subclavian region (mode I) or
      by the time derivative of mode I (mode II). A third approximation to the kidney
      input using two externally recorded time-activity curves, pre-injection of 131I
      albumin and two venous samples has previously been described. This approach has
      been modified in this work, in which two externally recorded time-activity curves
      and two capillary samples are used to construct an estimate for the kidney input
      (mode III). The three modes are compared with a reference, which is constructed
      from capillary samples drawn during the renography examination. Eleven patients
      participated in this study, all of whom were referred for routine renography. The
      results show that only mode III is close to the reference in all cases.

PMID- 4070370
TI  - Calculation of turnover rates in stable-isotope studies.
AB  - Tserng and Kalhan have raised the question of the appropriate equation to use for
      the measurement of turnover rate in a stable-isotope study. In a comparison of
      glucose turnover measured with 2H-glucose and with 13C-glucose they used five
      apparently different equations and obtained conflicting answers. There is,
      however, no difference in principle between the use of a stable isotope as a
      tracer and the use of a radioactive isotope, and the rate of appearance of tracee
      in a steady-state system (the turnover) can therefore be shown to be proportional
      to the equilibrium dilution of the infused tracer. Because the sensitivity of
      measurement of this dilution made using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer is
      lower than that made by radioactivity measurement, the contribution to the
      measured turnover rate due to the infusate cannot be neglected, as it usually is
      in radioisotope work. A convenient calibration curve to establish this dilution
      is the mole ratio of the pure infusate against the area ratio for the relevant
      ions. Tserng and Kalhan's apparently conflicting results for glucose turnover
      using 13C-glucose as the tracer can all be shown to amount to approximately 11.6
      mumol min-1 kg-1. This value is only slightly lower (0.05 less than P less than
      0.1) than that obtained using 2H-glucose as the tracer and supports the use of
      13C-glucose as an alternative.

PMID- 4070371
TI  - The effect of linear accelerator use on primary barrier design.

PMID- 4070372
TI  - Recovery after cardiac events.
AB  - This article describes an interdisciplinary program of cardiac rehabilitation
      that integrates physical therapy with medical, nursing, nutritional, and
      psychological assessment and treatment. Hospitalized patients recovering from
      myocardial infarction or cardiac surgery progress through a seven-level program
      of physical activity, education, and emotional support. These components of the
      program continue during their early home period and again are integrated during
      the active training period. In the active training period, patients participate
      in support groups and receive nutritional, exercise, and medical education and
      engage in one hour of exercise three times weekly. In all phases, considerable
      attention is given to the development of behavioral skills necessary for long
      term adherence to healthy life style habits.

PMID- 4070373
TI  - Normal cardiopulmonary responses to acute- and chronic-strengthening and
      endurance exercises.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to provide background information concerning the
      cardiopulmonary responses to physical exercise. The focus is on acute and chronic
      responses to both strengthening and endurance exercise. Knowledge of normal
      exercise physiology provides the frame of reference for comparison with abnormal
      responses, especially as exercise relates to patients with cardiovascular
      disease.

PMID- 4070374
TI  - Primary prevention programs for business and industry. Role of physical
      therapists.
AB  - Business and industry are interested in reducing their direct and indirect costs
      of health services. The answer to reducing these costs for many companies has
      been to shift their emphasis from subsidizing sickness to promoting health and
      welfare in wellness, prevention, or fitness programs. Basic certification courses
      have been developed at a graduate level for fitness instructors, exercise test
      technologists, exercise leaders, and directors of preventive programs. These
      courses are open to a broad range of disciplines, including physical therapy.
      Physical therapists can perform different roles in industrial preventive programs
      to prevent on-the-job injuries and improve physical fitness. Physical therapists
      have both the education and the clinical experience to be effective in planning
      preventive programs. We have divided the comprehensive preventive exercise
      program into five phases: history questionnaire, evaluation, consultation,
      performance, and progress assessment. These phases, especially the evaluation of
      the patient, are discussed from the perspective of the contribution the physical
      therapist can make. The characteristics of successful company-sponsored exercise
      programs also are discussed.

PMID- 4070375
TI  - Guide for the interpretation of one-way analysis of variance.
AB  - In summary, one-way ANOVA for independent groups is used to test whether the
      group means for a specific dependent variable differ significantly after exposing
      each group to a unique level of a single factor or independent variable. You may
      recognize the preceding sentence. We hope it makes more sense to you now than
      when you first read it at the beginning of this article.

PMID- 4070376
TI  - Walter B. Cannon memorial lecture. The language of polypeptides and the wisdom of
      the body.

PMID- 4070377
TI  - Using computer models to understand complex systems.

PMID- 4070378
TI  - Appropriateness of kaolin consumption as an index of motion sickness in the rat.
AB  - The appropriateness of kaolin consumption, one form of pica, as an index of
      motion sickness in the rat was examined. Unlike other motion sickness indices,
      the use of kaolin consumption results in a bitonic function across daily rotation
      sessions. This bitonic function is not predicted from any theory of motion
      sickness (viz., the Sensory Rearrangement Theory), rather an inverse relationship
      should exist between the severity of motion sickness and repeated exposure to the
      effective motion (i.e., habituation). The results of Experiments 1 and 2 support
      the continued use of kaolin consumption as an index of motion sickness in the
      rat. A response interference process is proposed to account for the first portion
      of the bitonic kaolin consumption function with grooming possibly representing a
      higher probability behavior than kaolin consumption. Experiment 3 examined and
      confirmed that kaolin consumption indexes the process of rehabituation to an
      effective motion. This extends the number of principles that are characteristic
      of motion sickness exhibited by species capable of emesis and supports the
      continued use of kaolin consumption as an index of motion sickness and general
      gastrointestinal malaise in the rat.

PMID- 4070379
TI  - Differences in patterns of pup care in mice. V--Pup ultrasonic emissions and pup
      care behavior.
AB  - Newborn mice, like all newborn rodents, are able to emit high frequency signals,
      in particular when they are put out of the nest. Moreover, it is known that in
      this situation retrieving behaviors are induced in the foster mother, which are
      likely to reveal stable differences across inbred strains of mice. The question
      that arises is whether these differences are causally linked to differences in
      the pup rate of signalling and/or to the capacity of the females of these strains
      to perceive them. To provide insights into this question, the behavior of 8
      inbred strains of mice was observed: A/J, BALB/c, CBA/H, C57BL/6, C57Br, DBA, NZB
      and XLII. Pup ultrasonic calls of each of these strains, emitted in the same
      conditions as a retrieving test, were recorded and tabulated. Auditory
      sensitivities of females belonging to these strains were determined by auditory
      evoked potentials recorded in the inferior colliculus. These two variables were
      analysed in relation to scores of females of these strains on three variables of
      a retrieving test. Results show that the presence of other factors than auditory
      cues must be taken into account to describe differences across strains in
      retrieving performances. This conclusion has been confirmed by results obtained
      using cross-fostering procedure. Female mice unable to utilize ultrasonic
      information may use other sensory channels. Furthermore, female mice capable of
      perceiving ultrasounds may also be able to use different sensory modalities in
      different situations.

PMID- 4070380
TI  - The roles of information reactivation and nonassociative arousal in recovery from
      ECS-induced retrograde amnesia.
AB  - Restoration of memory by pretest reminder treatments following ECS-induced
      amnesia in principle could be mediated by nonassociative arousal and/or
      reactivation of information by the reminder stimuli. In the present research,
      arousal value of the reminder treatment was largely a function of the novelty of
      the context in which the reminder cues occurred. After producing ECS-induced
      amnesia in rats for a signaled passive avoidance task, presentation of the signal
      outside of the training and test context proved to be an effective reminder cue.
      However, prereminder familiarization with the reminder location, which was
      sufficient to reduce exploratory behavior suggestive of a decrease in the arousal
      value of the context, did not influence recovery from amnesia. These data
      indicate that reminder treatments are capable of reversing experimental amnesia
      by initiating further processing of previously acquired information even when the
      treatment does not produce appreciable arousal.

PMID- 4070381
TI  - Sleep-wake stages during the subjective night of the squirrel monkey.
AB  - The study of the circadian sleep-wake cycle is beset by unique technical
      challenges. Continuous polygraphic recordings are necessary to characterize
      circadian phenomena; however, the traditional method of recording sleep at high
      (15 mm/sec) chart speed is impractical for continuous animal studies that may
      last several weeks at a stretch. A system to determine four sleep-wake stages
      (awake, transitional, non-REM, REM) from low chart speed (1.5 mm/sec) recordings
      was developed and validated by direct behavioral observation using four adult
      male squirrel monkeys prepared for chronic recording of EEG, EOG and EMG. The
      polygraphic stages "transitional," non-REM and REM were highly correlated with
      behavioral observations of sleep, although individual sleep stages could not be
      resolved by behavioral parameters alone.

PMID- 4070382
TI  - Effect of female odour on male hamsters mediated by the vomeronasal organ.
AB  - A comparison was made of the response to female vaginal odour, between males that
      were intact (I), had an ablated vomeronasal epithelium (VNOX) or had the main
      olfactory epithelium destroyed by zinc sulphate lavage (ZN). I males, after
      exposure to vaginal odour, can subsequently discriminate between the donor of the
      odour and other, mismatching females. VNOX males are unable to discriminate.
      Peripherally anosmic males (ZN) could still discriminate mismatching females.
      Neither treatment affected the amount of sniffing directed at novel females. This
      confirms a previous study in which it was found that the non-volatile fraction of
      the female vaginal discharge is necessary for match/mismatch discrimination and
      that this is most likely to be sampled via the vomeronasal organ.

PMID- 4070383
TI  - Chronic administration of type A monoamine oxidase inhibitors increases duration
      of thiopentone anaesthesia in the rat.
AB  - Daily intraperitoneal administration for fifteen days of the mixed type A and
      type B monoamine oxidase inhibitors phenelzine, isocarboxazid, iproniazid and
      tranylcypromine caused a marked increase in the duration of thiopentone
      anaesthesia ('sleeping time') tested 48 hours after the last drug injection. This
      effect was not due to accumulation of drug or other carryover since it failed to
      occur after 5 days of daily administration. Similar prolongation of anaesthesia
      was seen after 15, but not 5 days of administration of the selective type A
      monoamine oxidase inhibitors clorgyline and LY 51641 but not with the type B
      inhibitors pargyline and deprenyl.

PMID- 4070384
TI  - Evidence for peripeduncular neurons having a role in the control of feminine
      sexual behavior in the rat.
AB  - In order to test the hypothesis that peripeduncular nucleus (PPN) cells are
      essential for normal sexual behavior, synaptic blockade in the chronically
      implanted awake animal was attempted by means of the local injection of
      pentobarbital (PB) at a concentration which may interfere with synaptic
      transmission without affecting conduction in fibers. Ovariectomized, female rats
      were chronically implanted with cannulae directed to the PPN or the dorsal
      midbrain. After adequate estrogen priming, rats were injected with 22 mM
      pentobarbital (PB) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF). Seven min after PB
      injection in PPN lordosis quotient was significantly lowered, whereas PB in
      dorsal midbrain or ACSF in PPN had no effect. It is concluded that PPN neurons
      themselves may have a functional role in the control of lordosis and that loss of
      PPN neurons may account for impairment of reproductive behavior observed after
      lesions in the ventrolateral midbrain.

PMID- 4070385
TI  - Role of hypothalamic norepinephrine in control of meal patterns.
AB  - Feeding behavior has been shown to be strongly affected by central administration
      of catecholamines. In this study, we examined in freely-feeding rats the effect
      of hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) injections on the basic parameters of
      spontaneous ingestion. Precise changes in feeding behavior in rats maintained on
      ad lib food and water intake were monitored by a PDP 8 computer connected to an
      apparatus capable of measuring licks and bites of food. Injections of NE were
      administered into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, the most sensitive
      brain area for the elicitation of feeding through direct alpha-noradrenergic
      stimulation. In tests conducted under both light and dark conditions, NE
      facilitated food intake, primarily by an increase in meal size rather than meal
      frequency. The first meal after injection was increased in size and duration; the
      rate of eating was also enhanced. Whereas the following intermeal interval was
      significantly larger, subsequent meals and intermeal intervals appeared generally
      unaffected. This evidence is consistent with the proposal of a role for
      hypothalamic NE in the maintenance, rather than initiation, of feeding behavior
      in freely-feeding rats.

PMID- 4070386
TI  - Meal-stimulated increased concentrations of CCK in the hypothalamus of Zucker
      obese and lean rats.
AB  - CCK is a putative satiety peptide found to be active when administered
      peripherally and centrally. Concentrations of CCK have been measured in the
      brains of fed and fasted animals, but as yet no clear correlation with feeding
      has been found. In the present experiment rats were sacrificed after a 6-hr fast
      or 5 min after a meal. Areas of the hypothalamus were removed from these rats and
      assayed for CCK content. The relationship between obesity and CCK content in
      specific areas of the brain was also investigated by using Zucker obese and lean
      rats. In fed rats the CCK concentrations were higher than in fasted rats in the
      ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) (56 vs. 42 pg/mg tissue, p less than 0.005),
      lateral hypothalamus (38 vs. 27 pg/mg, p less than 0.01) and supraoptic nucleus
      (48 vs. 39 pg/mg, p less than 0.01). In obese rats the concentrations were higher
      than in lean rats in the VMH (56 vs. 41 pg/mg, p less than 0.003), dorsal medial
      hypothalamus (37 vs. 30 pg/mg, p less than 0.04) and anterior hypothalamus (61
      vs. 37 pg/mg, p less than 0.001). Average concentrations of CCK in all
      hypothalamic areas were higher in females than males (50 vs. 40 pg/mg, p less
      than 0.001). Thus, CCK concentrations in specific areas of the hypothalamus
      increased with feeding, supporting the potential role of CCK in the central
      nervous system as a satiety peptide. Further, although the concentrations of CCK
      in obese rats were higher than those in lean rats, the changes in CCK
      concentration with feeding were the same, showing that obesity is not a
      consequence of decreased concentrations or concentration changes of CCK in brain.

PMID- 4070387
TI  - Schedule-induced polydipsia: another look at water-intake volume regulation.
AB  - Experiment 1 found that rats regulated the number of drinks per session during
      schedule-induced polydipsia, rather than volume intake when water was obtained
      from different sized water dipper cups. However, when water availability was
      manipulated during polydipsia sessions by changing the aperture size of the water
      bottle tube (Experiment 2), the rats regulated total water-intake volume per
      session. Experiment 3 demonstrated that this volume regulation was more precise
      during schedule-induced drinking than during water deprivation induced drinking.
      Also, it was shown that the different sized apertures were effective in
      manipulating the rates of water availability and ingestion. These experiments
      demonstrated that volume regulation during schedule-induced polydipsia occurs
      only when water is freely available via drinking tubes.

PMID- 4070388
TI  - Heat loss and anticipatory finger vasoconstriction induced by a smoking of a
      single cigarette.
AB  - The effects of smoking of a single cigarette on finger vasomotion were
      investigated in 15 healthy subjects classified according to their smoking habit
      into one of 3 groups: heavy, light, and non-smokers. Finger pulse amplitude was
      recorded using a plethysmographic mercury gauge before, during and after
      cigarette smoking and finger heat loss evaluated using direct calorimetry before
      and after smoking. Heavy smokers showed a decrease of finger pulse amplitude at
      the sight of the cigarette and before the first puff. Finger pulse amplitude in
      light smokers decreased during cigarette smoking. In heavy smokers and light
      smokers finger heat loss decreased after smoking. In non-smokers, there was no
      change either in finger heat loss or in finger pulse amplitude. Anticipatory
      finger vasoconstriction in response to the sight of a cigarette may represent a
      pavlovian conditioning occurring in heavy smokers only.

PMID- 4070389
TI  - Partial liver denervations dissociate the inhibitory effects of pancreatic
      glucagon and epinephrine on feeding.
AB  - We compared the roles of different components of the liver's innervation in the
      inhibitory effects of pancreatic glucagon and epinephrine on feeding by testing
      the effects on meal size of intraperitoneal injections of these hormones in rats
      with selective abdominal vagotomies of only the hepatic branch, with partial
      liver denervations that spared only the hepatic branch of the vagus, and with
      sham operations. Pancreatic glucagon (100-400 micrograms/kg) inhibited size of
      evaporated milk test meals equally in rats with partial liver denervations
      sparing the hepatic vagus and in sham-operated rats, but had no effect on feeding
      in rats with selective hepatic vagotomies. In contrast, epinephrine (25-100
      micrograms/kg) inhibited meal size equally in all rats. These data suggest that
      the hepatic vagus is the necessary and sufficient contribution of the liver's
      innervation to pancreatic glucagon's satiety effect and that hepatic innervation
      does not contribute to epinephrine's inhibitory effect on meal size. Thus,
      different peripheral neural mechanisms appear to mediate the effects of these
      hormones on feeding. Further, the data fail to support the hypothesis that
      abdominal vagotomies and coeliac ganglionectomies attenuate epinephrine's effect
      on feeding by disconnecting hepatic afferents.

PMID- 4070390
TI  - Gustatory processing differences in PTC tasters and non-tasters: a reaction time
      analysis.
AB  - The present study examined differences in gustatory processing for tasters and
      non-tasters of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) by assessing intensity judgment reaction
      times in these two groups. After prescreening for sensitivity to PTC, subjects
      were asked to judge whether solutions of sucrose, sodium chloride, quinine
      sulfate, hydrochloric acid and PTC were weak, medium or strong as quickly as they
      were able. Based on the reaction time and PTC sensitivity data, three groups of
      subjects were identified; tasters, sensitive non-tasters and less sensitive non
      tasters. The taster population was characterized by their high sensitivity to PTC
      and a typical, negatively skewed distribution of reaction times. Sensitive non
      tasters demonstrated a distribution of reaction times that was similar to that
      observed with tasters. However, these subjects were insensitive to PTC. The less
      sensitive non-tasters were insensitive to PTC and produced reaction times that
      were significantly slower than those produced for the other two groups across all
      of the substances tested. It is hypothesized that two groups of PTC non-tasters
      exist. One group has a specific deficit involving PTC and related compounds. The
      other group demonstrates sensitivity deficits for a wide range of gustatory
      stimuli.

PMID- 4070391
TI  - Lack of effect of Pitressin on the learning ability of Brattleboro rats with
      diabetes insipidus using positively reinforced operant conditioning.
AB  - Brattleboro rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (BDI) received
      daily subcutaneous injections of vasopressin in the form of Pitressin tannate
      (0.5 IU/24 hr). They were initially deprived of food and then trained to work for
      food reward in a Skinner box to a fixed ratio of ten presses for each pellet
      received. Once this schedule had been learned the rats were given a
      discrimination task daily for seven days. The performances of these BDI rats were
      compared with those of rats of the parent Long Evans (LE) strain receiving daily
      subcutaneous injections of vehicle (arachis oil). Comparisons were also made
      between these two groups of treated animals and untreated BDI and LE rats studied
      under similar conditions. In the initial learning trial, both control and
      Pitressin-treated BDI rats performed significantly better, and manifested less
      fear initially, than the control or vehicle-injected LE rats when first placed in
      the Skinner box. Once the initial task had been learned there was no marked
      difference in the discrimination learning between control or treated BDI and LE
      animals. These results support the view that vasopressin is not directly involved
      in all types of learning behaviour, particularly those involving positively
      reinforced operant conditioning.

PMID- 4070392
TI  - Quaternary naltrexone reverses morphine-induced behaviors.
AB  - This study explored the relative role of the peripheral and central nervous
      systems (CNS) in the production of morphine-induced behavioral changes. Toward
      this end we used a quaternary derivative of an opiate antagonist (naltrexone
      methobromide, NM) that presumably does not cross the blood-brain barrier.
      Naltrexone methobromide (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg, IP) was used to challenge the
      stereotypic locomotion, analgesia and elevated "Straub" tail response observed in
      C57BL/6J mice after a 30-mg/kg (IP) injection of morphine. The quaternary
      derivative of naltrexone reversed the locomotor hyperactivity, "Straub" tail and
      analgesia normally observed in the opiate-treated C57BL/6J mouse. The data
      reported here, if taken at face value, suggest an important role for peripheral
      opiate receptors in morphine-induced behavioral changes. However, these
      conclusions are contingent on further research to more fully evaluate NM's
      capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier of the C57BL/6J mouse.

PMID- 4070393
TI  - The role of mesencephalic tegmentum in regulating female rat sexual behaviors.
AB  - Feminine sexual behaviors were tested in estradiol benzoate (EB) and progesterone
      (P) primed ovariectomized rats following four types of radiofrequency lesions in
      the midbrain tegmentum. The dorsomedial lesion (DML) which destroyed the
      ventromedial central gray including the dorsal raphe nucleus and adjacent area
      induced high sexual receptivity in the females primed with low dose (0.5
      micrograms) of EB-P. All females with DML exhibited lordosis and ear wiggling,
      the mean lordosis quotient (LQ) being significantly higher than that of castrated
      controls or sham operated rats. Sexual receptivity in females with ventromedial
      tegmental lesion was not significantly different from those of the control and
      sham groups. In contrast to the medially lesioned groups, the mean LQ was low in
      the animals with bilateral lateral tegmental lesions even when the dose of EB was
      increased to 2 micrograms which was sufficient to induce high sexual receptivity
      in castrated and sham operated control females. In the animals with dorsolateral
      tegmental lesions (DLL), a much more severe loss of lordosis was seen than in
      those with ventrolateral tegmental lesions (VLL). None of the DLL females
      displayed sexual behavior throughout the present experiments. These results lead
      us to conclude that the midbrain dorsomedial tegmental area (ventral central gray
      and the adjacent area) is concerned with female sexual behavior inhibiting
      system, whereas the lateral tegmental area may be involved in the facilitatory
      system.

PMID- 4070394
TI  - The effects of frontal lesions on brain hypersynchronous bursting and behavioral
      activity.
AB  - Photically evoked after-discharge (PhAD) bursting was examined in lightly
      restrained albino rats following frontal and mid-cortical lesions. The initial
      effect of dorsal frontal lesions was to significantly suppress PhAD occurrence.
      Spontaneous activity as measured on an open-field arena was examined as a second
      variable. Frontally lesioned animals were significantly more active than mid
      cortically lesioned and non-lesioned control animals in the initial stages of
      behavioral testing. These results indicate that the frontal cortex has an
      inhibitory influence on reticular formation (rf) arousal mechanisms which are
      responsible for behavioral arousal and the modulation of hypersynchronous burst
      like phenomena occurring at the level of the cortex.

PMID- 4070395
TI  - Entrainment of the circadian activity rhythm of a lizard to melatonin injections.
AB  - The circadian activity rhythms of lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis) can be
      entrained (synchronized) to a period of 24 hr by melatonin injections given every
      other day at the same time of day, but not by saline injections. The activity
      onsets of the entrained lizards exhibited two preferred phase-relationships
      (approximately 165 degrees and approximately 30 degrees) with the time of
      melatonin injections with the 30 degree phase only rarely observed. These results
      suggest that endogenous rhythms of melatonin secretion (i.e., from the pineal
      organ) may be involved in synchronizing circadian oscillations within the
      lizard's multioscillator circadian system.

PMID- 4070396
TI  - Sympathetic indices during psychological and physical stimuli before and after
      training.
AB  - The effects of psychological and physical stimuli on cardiovascular and
      catecholamine changes were studied before and after physical training. These
      functions were investigated in eight labile hypertensive men in response to the
      mild psychological stimulus of playing a video game and the mild physical stimuli
      of sitting and standing. The results show that plasma norepinephrine
      concentration rises with sitting and standing but plasma epinephrine
      concentration increases only with the psychological stimulus. Physical training
      was associated with smaller increases in blood pressure during psychological and
      physical stimuli and with a lower heart rate at rest. On the other hand, plasma
      catecholamines at rest as well as in response to the different stimuli were
      unchanged following moderate training. These observations suggest that the
      adrenal medulla is selectively activated during a period of mild psychological
      stress, while the activity of the sympathetic fibers is preferentially increased
      during mild physical stimuli. Furthermore, the results of this study show that
      plasma catecholamine levels at rest and their increase during various stimuli are
      unchanged following training.

PMID- 4070397
TI  - Taste discriminations in rats lacking anterior insular gustatory neocortex.
AB  - Previous neurobehavioral investigations have demonstrated that the anterior
      insular gustatory neocortex (AIGN) mediates taste-illness learning. The present
      experiment evaluated taste discriminations in rats lacking AIGN. Two groups of
      rats received distinct surgical treatments. One-half of the animals received
      bilateral electrolytic lesion placements in the AIGN: Remaining animals received
      anesthesia and scalp incisions only. Following postoperative recovery animals
      received standard two-bottle preference tests with various concentrations of
      sucrose to evaluate gustatory reactivity. Animals thereafter received two-bottle
      discrimination tests with selected sucrose concentrations. At the conclusion of
      preference tests and discrimination tests with sucrose, preference tests and
      discrimination tests were conducted with sodium chloride. Following those tests
      animals received taste aversion conditioning to determine whether or not AIGN
      lesions impaired taste-illness learning. Results of two-bottle taste tests
      indicated that AIGN lesions do not obviously alter taste reactivity nor taste
      discriminations to preferred concentrations of sucrose and NaCl. Anterior insular
      lesions did, however, impair normal taste aversion learning. These results, in
      combination with those of previous investigators, provide further evidence that
      the AIGN preferentially contributes to taste learning functions.

PMID- 4070398
TI  - Lack of diet-induced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue of obese medial
      hypothalamic-lesioned rats.
AB  - Radiofrequency heat lesions were made in the medial hypothalamus of 12-week old
      male and female Holtzman rats. Two to three days later rats were offered a
      palatable cafeteria diet in addition to chow or were fed chow alone for the next
      3-4 weeks. Male lesioned rats were only slightly hyperphagic on the chow diet and
      gained little extra weight. When fed the cafeteria diet, energy intake of male
      lesioned rats almost doubled in comparison with chow-fed lesioned rats and a very
      rapid extra weight gain occurred. Despite the marked hyperphagia, thermogenesis
      in brown adipose tissue was suppressed in the cafeteria-fed lesioned rats, as
      indicated by low mitochondrial guanosine diphosphate (GDP) binding. In female
      rats, lesions induced much greater hyperphagia and body weight gain than in male
      rats, particularly when they ate the cafeteria diet. Again, thermogenesis in
      brown adipose tissue was suppressed in the cafeteria-fed female lesioned rats.
      The proportion of energy derived from carbohydrate was not altered by the
      cafeteria diet in either male or female rats, whether lesioned or not, but there
      was an increase in the proportion of energy derived from fat at the expense of
      protein. No sex differences in food selection were observed. The accumulation of
      body fat was always greater in female lesioned rats than in male lesioned rats
      for similar food intakes. It is concluded that medial hypothalamic lesions
      prevent the normal occurrence of diet-induced thermogenesis in brown adipose
      tissue despite extreme overeating by the rats of a palatable cafeteria diet.

PMID- 4070399
TI  - Mating induces pupillary dilatation in female rats: role of pelvic nerve.
AB  - In the present study, we demonstrate that natural or artificial vaginal
      stimulation exerts a powerful effect on autonomic activity, as measured by
      pupillary diameter. Pupillary diameter was recorded approximately 3-5 sec after
      copulatory mounts, intromissions, ejaculations or experimenter delivered
      stimulation. The pupil was magnified 43X and its diameter was measured directly
      from a calibrated video screen. Mating tests were performed on 13 female rats
      which received at least one complete ejaculatory series. Compared to the premount
      (baseline) value (1.01 mm), mean pupillary diameters were significantly greater
      during (a) mounts without intromissions (1.20 mm; 20% increase), (b) mounts with
      intromissions (1.34 mm; 33% increase), or (c) ejaculation (1.49 mm; 48%
      increase). Mean pupillary diameter during the post-ejaculatory interval (0.95 mm;
      6% decrease) did not differ significantly from the premount baseline. Since the
      mean pupillary diameter at the last intromission before ejaculation was
      significantly larger (by 18%) than the diameter at the first intromission,
      repeated intromissions may generate a gradually increasing net sympathetic
      response reaching a peak at ejaculation. In order to identify the adequate
      stimuli for increasing pupillary diameter, we applied external genital
      stimulation (flank-perineal palpation), internal genital stimulation (probing the
      vaginal cervix with a glass rod), or both combined. Vaginal stimulation alone
      produced near-maximal pupillary dilatation; external genital stimulation was less
      effective, and combined internal and external genital stimulation was more
      effective. Thus, vaginal afferent activity is an adequate stimulus to produce
      pupillary dilatation. Furthermore, bilateral pelvic neurectomy markedly
      attenuated the effect of vaginal stimulation on dilating the pupil. Since
      pupillary diameter is at least partly a function of autonomic tone, this
      "bioassay" indicates that genital stimulation may produce a net sympathetic
      activating effect.

PMID- 4070400
TI  - Spatio-temporal integration in the substrate for self-stimulation of the
      prefrontal cortex.
AB  - The number of stimulation pulses required to maintain a half maximal rate of self
      stimulation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was determined for various currents.
      Over a restricted range, the effects of decreasing the stimulation frequency
      could be compensated for by increasing the current. This finding cannot easily be
      reconciled with the hypothesis that the rewarding impact of PFC stimulation is
      unaffected by increments in current. The minimum current that would support self
      stimulation of the PFC at high frequencies was larger than has been reported at
      medial forebrain bundle sites.

PMID- 4070401
TI  - "On-line" monitoring of jaw movements in the pigeon.
AB  - A system for the monitoring of jaw movements in the pigeon is described. A Hall
      effect device mounted on the pigeon's upper beak is used to sense voltage changes
      induced by variations in the position of a magnet mounted on the lower beak.
      Analogue voltage changes are digitized and monitored by a microprocessor. The
      system produces data comparable to that obtained using high speed cinematography
      but permits "on-line" measurements of gape and increases the rapidity of data
      acquisition and analysis. It may be used to monitor beak movements during
      consumatory (eating, drinking) and conditioned (key-pecking) behaviors.

PMID- 4070402
TI  - Basis for lactose aversion in the weanling rat.
AB  - As reported previously, weanling rats will choose to consume more of a liquid
      diet composed of 12% lactose (low-L) than of an isocaloric liquid diet composed
      of 47% lactose (high-L) despite the greater sweetness of the latter diet. To
      investigate the basis for this, saccharin was added to the high-L diet to
      overwhelm any unpalatable qualities. The results of several choice tests indicate
      that pups initially prefer the saccharin-sweetened diet. However, if the low-L
      diet is the alternate choice, the preference shifts to the low-L diet after
      several days of exposure. This initial preference for the sweetened high-L diet
      suggests that the high lactose aversion is due to post-ingestive consequences
      rather than to low palatability of the high-L diet. Furthermore, it appears that
      the aversion to a high concentration of lactose takes precedence over a
      preference for the increased sweetness of the high-L diet.

PMID- 4070403
TI  - An automatic contact-counter for recording object play.
AB  - The paper describes a portable electronic device which automatically records a
      measure of object play behaviour, by counting the number of contacts made with a
      play manipulandum. The device is designed for recording a measure of object play
      in domestic cats, but is readily adaptable for use with other species.

PMID- 4070405
TI  - Exercise-induced changes in schedule controlled behavior.
AB  - This experiment was designed to measure the direct effect of acute exercise on
      performance of an operant task in rats. Treadmill exercise was manipulated along
      two dimensions: speed and duration. Separate groups of rats (n = 12) were tested
      under a multi-component time-out fixed-ratio (MULT TO FR) schedule following four
      exercise treatments. The first group of animals (Group A) ran at a constant speed
      for four different periods of time. A second group (Group B) ran for a constant
      period of time at four different treadmill speeds. For both groups, running took
      place just before operant test sessions. Operant responding on test days was
      compared with operant responding on the immediately preceding day. Both exercise
      duration and exercise speed had significant effects on operant performance.

PMID- 4070404
TI  - A microregulatory analysis of spontaneous human feeding patterns.
AB  - Thirty male and 54 female students recorded in a diary exactly when and what they
      ate for four consecutive days. The total energy, carbohydrate, fat and protein
      composition of the reported meals as well as the duration of the preceding and
      following intermeal intervals were determined for a variety of meal definitions
      by a computerized analysis. A model of stomach emptying was used in conjunction
      with the reported intake to predict the amount of food remaining in the stomach
      at the beginning and end of each meal. These factors were intercorrelated across
      all reported meals and averaged across subjects with simple and multiple linear
      regression analyses. A preprandial pattern of intake regulation was found.
      Premeal intermeal intervals, prior food intake and the stomach content of protein
      and fat but not carbohydrate were significantly correlated with the amount
      ingested in the subsequent meal. No evidence for a postprandial pattern of intake
      regulation was found. The meal size, its composition and postmeal stomach content
      were not found to be related to the postmeal intermeal interval. No major
      relationships were found between subjects sex, age, weight, height or ponderal
      index and the meal pattern other than that males ate significantly larger meals.
      These results suggest that when the natural ecological constraints on human
      feeding behavior are present, it is regulated by adjustments to the amount eaten
      in a meal rather than to the duration of the interval between meals. Furthermore,
      the adjustment of meal size is influenced by the amount of fat and protein
      remaining in the stomach at the beginning of a meal.

PMID- 4070406
TI  - Paradoxical sleep augmentation after imprinting in the domestic chick.
AB  - The EEG and EMG of two groups of chicks (Gallus domesticus), (an experimental one
      who was imprinted, and a control one who was not), were recorded during 3 hours
      before and 3 hours after imprinting. The fertilized eggs were kept in an
      incubator under controlled temperature and humidity until ecclosion occurred. The
      recording session began 10 hours after ecclosion and after two hours of
      habituation to the recording conditions. During the imprinting session, E group
      met a natural stuffed white hen moved by a slow motor. The total amount of time
      spent in paradoxical sleep (PS), as well as the number of PS episodes increased
      significantly following imprinting in the E group. Opposite results were found in
      C group: total amount and number of PS episodes decreased significantly after the
      pseudo-imprinting session. Neither slow wave sleep, nor wakefulness were
      modified.

PMID- 4070407
TI  - Fluprazine hydrochloride does not decrease defensive behaviors of wild and septal
      syndrome rats.
AB  - Recent studies indicate that fluprazine hydrochloride reduces offensive attack in
      laboratory rats and mice without decreasing defensive behavior during conspecific
      encounters. Since wild rats and rats displaying the "septal lesion syndrome" show
      much more pronounced defensive reactions than do normal laboratory rats, these
      animals were used to provide a more critical test of fluprazine's effectiveness
      on defense. When a dose of fluprazine hydrochloride (8 mg/kg), previously shown
      to be highly effective in reducing or eliminating offense, was given to wild and
      septal syndrome rats these animals showed no reliable decrement in a wide range
      of defensive reactions including biting attack (defensive attack) to human
      handling and other stimulation. These findings support the view that fluprazine
      does not appreciably affect defensive attack or other defensive behaviors even
      though it strongly inhibits offensive attack.

PMID- 4070408
TI  - At what age do rat young stop responding to the maternal pheromone?
AB  - We tested postweanling rat young to see if they would continue to respond to the
      maternal pheromone when pheromone-containing feces were made available in the
      home cage. We found that they do, and that the consumption of pheromone
      containing feces is important for such sustained responsiveness. Nonetheless,
      interest in the pheromone does not continue past 50 days of age. The possible
      adaptive significance of the continuation and cessation of pheromonal
      responsiveness was discussed.

PMID- 4070409
TI  - The importance of olfactory bulb noradrenalin for maternal recognition in sheep.
AB  - Herds of grazing mammals characteristically produce precocial offspring in
      synchrony, and it is therefore important for the mother to form a rapid
      recognition of her own offspring to distinguish them from others. In sheep, the
      ewe forms such a selective bond with her lamb within 2-4 hours of parturition, a
      bond which is primarily dependent on olfactory sensory recognition. Here we
      report that the neuronal mechanism whereby the olfactory "imprint" is made is
      dependent on the centrifugal noradrenergic projections to the olfactory bulbs.
      Lesioning of this neural pathway prevents the ewe from forming a selective bond
      with her own lamb, enabling her to adopt alien lambs.

PMID- 4070410
TI  - Aversion of the cat to dietary medium-chain triglycerides and caprylic acid.
AB  - Young, specific-pathogen-free cats were fed purified diets containing different
      sources of fat. Food intake was depressed and cats lost weight when the diet
      contained either hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO) or medium-chain triglycerides
      (MCT). With an MCT preparation enriched in 8:0 (MCT8), cats would not eat after
      first tasting the diet. When cats were offered a choice of two high-fat diets,
      they chose the basal diet over a diet containing 30% HCO, by a ratio of 4.5:1.
      Low levels of MCT8 (5% or 10% by weight) were also rejected, whereas cats did not
      reject 5% or 15% MCT12. Caprylic acid, at 0.1-1.0% of the diet, was rejected. In
      other studies, food intake and body weight decreased when HCO was added to a fat
      free diet. Cats fed 25% or 35% HCO lost weight. When 5% safflower seed oil was
      added to the HCO diets, body weights and food intake improved, but were still
      less than optimal. These studies indicate that the food intake depression in cats
      fed dietary HCO and MCT is primarily a result of impalatability, and that the
      fatty acid moiety may be responsible for the aversion.

PMID- 4070411
TI  - Hippocampal EEG changes in rats following cerebellar lesions.
AB  - In the rat, there is a close relation between hippocampal theta rhythm and
      voluntary movements. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether
      motor deficits and subsequent recovery following cerebellar lesions may be
      accompanied by changes in hippocampal EEG. The results show that rats with severe
      motor dysfunctions displayed increased frequency of hippocampal theta that lasted
      beyond the recovery of motor deficits. Hippocampal theta that appeared along with
      gross automatic movements disappeared about 50 days postoperatively. The findings
      are discussed in terms of recovery of function and potential compensatory neural
      mechanisms.

PMID- 4070412
TI  - Scent marking and mate choice in the golden hamster.
AB  - Test groups consisting of three males and one female were adapted to home areas
      within a 244 X 122 cm enclosure for a 4-day period. Subsequently, agonistic
      interactions and patterns of scent marking were recorded daily for 30 min over
      the duration of the female's 4-day estrous cycle. Alpha males flank marked
      significantly more than the two subordinates. The former accounted for over 95%
      of flank gland marking by males on the two days prior to the female's period of
      sexual receptivity. The female showed increased frequencies of both flank gland
      and vaginal marking over the three nonreceptive days of the cycle with the
      highest frequency of marking occurring 24 hr prior to sexual receptivity. During
      the two days prior to receptivity, the female both vaginal marked and flank
      marked significantly more in and about the home area of the alpha male. We
      conclude that the female hamster shows mate choice prior to the onset of sexual
      receptivity and that both vaginal marks and flank marks are employed to
      facilitate mating with the alpha male.

PMID- 4070413
TI  - Gustatory reaction time to various sweeteners in human adults.
AB  - Reaction times to recognize the sweet taste of 12 sweeteners at various
      concentrations were measured in 48 human adults. The reaction time (T) decreased
      with increasing concentration (C) of each sweetener applied to the anterior
      dorsal tongue. The relationships between T and C, and T and logC were well
      described by a rectangular hyperbola formula for each of the 12 sweeteners.
      Reaction times to discriminate sweet taste quality between pairs of sweeteners
      were measured, then a similarity index was calculated. Factor analysis based on
      correlation coefficients between pairs of sweeteners which were obtained by the
      similarity indices has indicated classification of the sweeteners. Sucrose,
      fructose, glucose, maltose, sorbitol and aspartame tend to group together. Na
      cyclamate and Na-saccharin form another group. DL-alanine, stevioside and
      neohesperidin dihydrochalcone are rather independent and do not belong to any
      group.

PMID- 4070414
TI  - Menthol modulates oral sensations of warmth and cold.
AB  - Aqueous solutions of menthol were found to affect oral thermal sensation in the
      following ways: When menthol solutions were sipped and held in the mouth for 5
      sec, solutions above oral temperature felt significantly warmer than deionized
      water of the same temperature (warmth enhancement). Menthol solutions below oral
      temperature felt cooler than water of the same temperature, but only slightly so
      (cold enhancement); Pretreating the mouth with 0.02% menthol for 5 min
      strengthened cold enhancement but attenuated sensations of warmth (warmth
      attenuation); Pretreating for 10 min produced continued cold enhancement while
      judgments of warmth returned to normal levels; L-menthol cooled more effectively
      than d-menthol, but d-menthol attenuated warmth at least as much as l-menthol.
      Possible explanations for the intermodal differences are discussed, and
      suggestions are made for future research into menthol's unexpectedly complex
      perceptual effects.

PMID- 4070415
TI  - Influence of sympathectomy on body weight of rats given chow or supermarket
      diets.
AB  - Rats that were neonatally sympathectomized with guanethidine (GUA) and given
      access to a four-component supermarket diet (SD) when either adolescent or adult
      gained weight at the same rate as controls. Adrenodemedullation (MDL) of adults,
      either alone or in combination with GUA treatment, also failed to influence the
      development of dietary obesity. Neonatal sympathectomy induced small changes in
      caloric consumption and diet preferences. These results question the notion that
      the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is an essential contributor to the control
      of body weight and the development of dietary obesity.

PMID- 4070416
TI  - Substrate soiled by an unfamiliar conspecific modifies opioid activity in mice
      placed in novel environments.
AB  - Naloxone induces behavioural changes in rodents exposed to novel environments,
      indicating the involvement of endogenous opioid mechanisms in these situations.
      The present study investigated whether soiled sawdust substrate from the cage of
      an unfamiliar, isolated, male conspecific modifies the effect of naloxone (0.5 or
      12.5 mg/kg) upon behaviour of mice in an open field test situation. There was
      little difference between the effects of naloxone upon the frequency of acts or
      postures shown in the soiled and unsoiled environments. Cluster analysis of the
      activities according to their position and frequency in behavioural sequences,
      revealed variations in behavioural organisation in these two situations in
      control animals, and differential responses to naloxone administration. The data
      are discussed in terms of an involvement in behaviour of opioid mechanisms which
      can be modified by non-painful, biologically-relevant, aversive stimuli such as
      unfamiliar, conspecific-soiled substrates.

PMID- 4070417
TI  - Effects of guanethidine sympathectomy on feeding, drinking, weight gain and
      amphetamine anorexia in the rat.
AB  - Adult female rats that underwent sympathectomy induced by guanethidine treatment
      (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg) exhibited markedly increased water intake, but did not
      display significant alterations of either food intake, body weight, or the Lee
      Index of obesity. Guanethidine treatment did not attenuate amphetamine anorexia
      as evidenced by comparable dose-dependent reductions in food intake to d
      amphetamine sulfate (0.25, 0.50, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg) in sympathectomized and
      control rats. These data are not consistent with the hypothesis that amphetamine
      anorexia is partially mediated via enhanced BAT thermogenesis.

PMID- 4070418
TI  - Placenta ingestion enhances opiate analgesia in rats.
AB  - Analgesia, produced by either a morphine injection or footshock, was monitored
      (using a tail-flick test) in nonpregnant female rats. Analgesia was induced
      within minutes of having the rats eat one of several substances. When the
      substance eaten was rat placenta, both the morphine- and shock-induced types of
      analgesia were significantly greater than in controls that ingested other
      substances (or nothing). When footshock (hind-paw) was administered in
      conjunction with the opiate antagonist naltrexone, the analgesia produced was
      attenuated but detectable; in this case, placenta ingestion did not enhance the
      analgesia, suggesting that the effect of placenta is specific to opiate-mediated
      analgesia. Placenta ingestion, in the absence of an analgesia-producing
      manipulation, did not elevate pain threshold. It is possible that this
      enhancement of analgesia is one of the principal benefits to mammalian mothers of
      ingesting the placenta and birth fluids (placentophagia) at delivery.

PMID- 4070419
TI  - Behavioral reactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Spontaneously hypertensive rats of the Okamoto strain (SHR) were compared with
      inbred normotensive rats of the Wistar-Kyoto strain (WKY) and with normally bred
      Wistar rats (NT) in tests on the audiogenic immobility reaction (freezing), open
      field behavior in a dark and an enlightened arena respectively, auditory startle
      response and male sexual behavior. Compared to the WKYs the SHRs showed increased
      locomotion and rearing in the open-field situations, reduced startle response and
      shortened immobility reaction. The SHRs differed in the same way from the NT rats
      with the exception for motor activity in the dark arena, where no differences
      were observed. The WKY rats showed less motor activity than the NT animals. Both
      SH and WKY rats showed shorter latency time for ejaculation than the NT rats. The
      characteristics of the behavior patterns displayed by the SH rats were
      interpreted as indicating a reduced propensity for fear reactions in this strain
      of rats compared to the WKY and NT strains used in the present study.

PMID- 4070420
TI  - Returning 'cafeteria-fed' rats to a chow diet: negative contrast and effects of
      obesity on feeding behaviour.
AB  - Two experiments examined the feeding behaviour and body weight changes of rats
      returned to a standard chow diet after prolonged periods of cafeteria feeding. In
      the first, both overweight (ad lib fed) and 'normal' weight (fed a restricted
      ration of cafeteria foods) cafeteria rats became hypophagic compared to chow-fed
      rats following their return to chow feeding. However, the overweight rats'
      hypophagia was initially more severe and was longer lasting. In the second
      experiment, analysis of meal patterns recorded throughout the first 4 weeks on
      chow after 26-32 weeks of ad lib cafeteria feeding showed that the hypophagia was
      due to a reduction in mean meal size (MMS) and meal frequency (MF). Food intake
      and MMS subsequently recovered to within control levels (by 2-3 weeks), but MF
      remained persistently low. There was a decrease and then a recovery in eating
      rate (ER) which paralleled the changes in MMS. The previously cafeteria-fed rats
      lost only 60% of their excess body weight. These findings are interpreted in
      terms of a negative contrast effect (changes in MMS and ER) and an inhibitory
      action of increased adiposity on feeding (affecting mainly MF).

PMID- 4070421
TI  - Stress induced by three procedures of deprivation of paradoxical sleep.
AB  - Following deprivation of paradoxical sleep, stress, measured in terms of Selye's
      classical indices as adrenal hypertrophy, thymus atrophy, body weight loss and
      stomach ulceration, was determined in Wistar rats. Deprivation was induced using
      three different methods: the classical platform, multiple platform, and pendulum
      techniques. Four control groups were run. No differences between platform and the
      pendulum techniques were detected, suggesting that the large behavioural
      differences commonly found following pendulum and platform deprivation are not
      caused by differences in stress. Multiple platform deprivation produced less
      stress than the classical platform technique, a finding presumably due to a
      reduction of movement restriction in the latter group. In a second experiment
      rats were food deprived both with or without platform or pendulum techniques.
      Again no differences between the platform and pendulum groups were detected,
      again confirming that stress is not a determinant in the platform-pendulum
      contrast. The results of both experiments strongly suggest that, contrary to
      intuition, deprivation of paradoxical sleep (by any of the three techniques)
      induces only mild stress. This is in contrast to food deprivation, which is a
      greater source of stress. Despite distinct changes in stress measures obtained,
      in neither experiment could any sign of stomach ulceration be detected. This
      seems to imply that rats of the Wistar strain are less sensitive to ulceration
      than strains used by other researchers.

PMID- 4070422
TI  - Weak 50-Hz electromagnetic fields activate rat open field behavior.
AB  - Rats were tested in an open field after previous exposure to a weak, 50-Hz
      electromagnetic field of the same order of magnitude as the earth's magnetic
      field. Animals exposed to the artificial field at the beginning of the light
      phase showed 40% more rearing activity than controls, together with a slight
      increase in ambulation and a tendency towards less defecation and a shortened
      rearing latency. A replication experiment yielded the same results. Animals
      exposed at the beginning of the dark phase manifested no significant changes in
      open field activity. The results show that weak electromagnetic stimuli can
      modify some behavioral responses, and that these responses are sensitive to
      circadian phase.

PMID- 4070423
TI  - Influence of female odors on lateral hypothalamus in the male rat.
      Semiquantitative deoxyglucose analysis.
AB  - The uptake of 14C deoxyglucose (2DG) has been studied in various hypothalamic and
      limbic structures of male rats exposed to female odors. Uptake differences were
      visualized by image processing and quantified by measurement of optical density
      ratios. With respect to the control group, an increase in uptake was observed in
      the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), not only in the olfactory bundle, but also,
      and more obviously, in the parafornical part. This 2DG response is not a result
      of an odor-induced general motor activation, although it seems to depend on the
      behavioral reaction of the animal towards the odor. A similar correspondence was
      not observed for the 2DG response to odor in the ventromedial hypothalamus.
      Observations in the medial preoptic area, in the corticomedial amygdala, in the
      lateral septum, or in the dorsomedial hypothalamus did not reveal any significant
      change in 2DG uptake.

PMID- 4070424
TI  - Medial hypothalamic and medial accumbens lesions which induce mouse killing
      enhance biting and attacks on inanimate objects.
AB  - The response to a series of objects by rats with lesions of the medial
      hypothalamus or medial accumbens was compared to that of spontaneous killing rats
      and sham-lesioned nonkillers. When exposed sequentially to a piece of wood, a wad
      of cotton, or a freshly killed mouse, there were no differences in the intensity
      of the initial response toward the stimulus object by spontaneous mouse killing
      rats and lesioned animals that were later shown to kill mice. However, lesioned
      animals did spend more time biting these objects and were more likely than
      spontaneous killers to attack the objects if they were moved about by the
      experimenter. When allowed to kill mice, there were no differences in the
      intensity of the attack by spontaneous and lesion-induced killers but again the
      lesioned animals bit the prey more following the kill and were more likely to
      attack the dead prey when it was moved by the experimenter. Sham-lesioned
      nonkillers spent less time biting the stimulus objects than spontaneous killers
      and never attacked the objects when they were moved by the experimenter. It is
      argued that the killing of lesioned animals is homologous to that of spontaneous
      killers but that the lesioned animals exhibit most components of the predatory
      behavior to an exaggerated degree.

PMID- 4070425
TI  - Cardiovascular changes prior to exercise in appetitive and avoidance conditioning
      in rats.
AB  - Blood pressure and heart rate changes were monitored in rats immediately before
      exercise--running up a set of stairs 54 cm long. The rats were divided into two
      groups: (1) avoidance, (2) food intake. For both groups the run was preceded by
      an 80 dB buzzer lasting 5-15 sec. When the criterion for the conditioned response
      to the buzzer was achieved all avoidance rats showed significant increases of
      heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure before exercise, during the
      buzzer. Of the food intake group all but one showed no significant cardiovascular
      changes before exercise, in response to the sound. It is concluded that exercise
      itself in these experiments could not have contributed significantly to the
      anticipatory cardiovascular changes, unless it is associated with an aversive
      event.

PMID- 4070426
TI  - A circadian rhythm of hippocampal theta activity in the mouse.
AB  - Hippocampal theta activity dominates the cortical EEG of the mouse during certain
      behaviors. We have therefore been able to study the circadian distribution of
      hippocampal theta activity by means of chronic EEG implantation and computerized
      EEG state scoring. Observations in six mice indicate consistent and significant
      circadian patterns of theta-dominated EEG, both during wakefulness (theta
      dominated wake, or TDW) and during sleep (REM sleep). The probability of REM
      rises gradually to a maximum during the sleep period and then falls abruptly at
      activity onset and then falls gradually. The complementary circadian patterns of
      REM and TDW suggest that they may be two episodes of each coincide remarkably, as
      do their circadian distributions. The probability of TDW rises to a very high
      level at activity onset and then falls gradually. The complementary circadian
      patterns of REM and TDW suggest that they may be two halves of a single circadian
      rhythm of theta probability. This concept would be relevant in interpreting the
      abnormally phase-advanced pattern of REM sleep observed in human depressives.

PMID- 4070427
TI  - Role of oropharyngeal stimulation in cholecystokinin-induced satiety in the sham
      feeding rat.
AB  - The belief that oropharyngeal stimulation potentiates the satiety produced by
      cholecystokinin (CCK) is based on the demonstration that the ability of 20% pure
      CCK to suppress feeding is enhanced the closer it is injected to a meal. The
      increase efficacy of CCK with closer temporal proximity to a meal might simply
      reflect increased peptide levels at the time of feeding. Further, since
      oropharyngeal synergy has never been demonstrated with pure CCK, studies were
      performed to evaluate the role of oropharyngeal stimulation in CCK-induced
      satiety. Rats equipped with gastric fistulae were injected IP with CCK-8 15 min
      before a test sham feed. In one condition, rats sham fed for 15 min prior to CCK
      injection; in the other, they did not. CCK-8 suppressed eating in only those
      cases when its administration was accompanied by oropharyngeal stimulation. Thus,
      oropharyngeal cues enhance the satiety action of exogenous CCK. A second
      experiment examined whether oropharyngeal synergy requires oropharyngeal
      stimulation prior to peptide delivery. CCK-8 was injected into rats coincident
      with the initation of a test sham feed. Rats had either sham fed, or not sham
      fed, for 15 min prior to CCK administration. Both conditions produced similar and
      significant suppressions of eating during the test sham feed. Thus, oropharyngeal
      cues enhance the action of CCK and oropharyngeal amplification needs only
      contiguous pairings of oropharyngeal stimulation and feeding.

PMID- 4070428
TI  - Thermal preference behavior of genetically obese (ob/ob) and genetically lean
      (+/?) mice.
AB  - Chronically lower colonic temperatures (TcS) of genetically-obese (ob/ob) mice at
      ambient temperatures below thermoneutrality have led to speculation that these
      mutants regulate a lowered thermal setpoint relative to lean mice. Previous
      experiments, however, have not provided an opportunity for obese mice to exhibit
      compensatory thermoregulatory behaviors which might reinstate normal body
      temperature. In the present experiment, adult obese and lean (+/?) mice were
      tested at room temperature (25 degrees C) on a copper bar, thermal gradient to
      determine what temperatures they would select and what effect their selection
      would have on their TcS. The data revealed that ob/obs were more frequently
      observed within 25-35 degrees C locales than were lean controls, which spent more
      time in the below-25 degrees C zone (p less than 0.005). Ob/obs also raised their
      TcS to pretest values of leans' TcS, although ob/obs' TcS remained significantly
      lower than those of leans at the conclusion of testing. These data suggest that
      the hypothermia exhibited by the ob/ob may reflect both the absence of the
      opportunity to behaviorally thermoregulate and a genetic defect in thermogenesis.

PMID- 4070429
TI  - The effects of caloric dilution on meal patterns and food intake of ponies.
AB  - In order to determine if horses will increase their intake in response to caloric
      dilution, four pony geldings were fed ad lib a mixed grain diet either undiluted
      (3.4 Mcal/kg of digestible energy) or diluted (wt/wt) with 25% sawdust (2.6
      Mcal/kg) or with 50% sawdust (1.7 Mcal/kg). The mean daily caloric intake was
      17,457 kcal (3.4 Mcal diet), 17,546 kcal (2.6 Mcal diet) and 12,844 kcal (1.7
      Mcal). The mean time spent eating was 246 (3.4 Mcal), 351 (2.6 Mcal), and 408
      (1.7 Mcal) minutes/day. Meal size increased and meal frequency decreased with
      increasing dilution. The median long survivorships of intermeal intervals were
      6.4 min (3.4 Mcal), 3.95 min (2.6 Mcal) and 4.91 min (1.7 Mcal). Ponies responded
      to caloric dilution by increasing the volume of intake to maintain caloric intake
      when the diet had 25% diluent. When the diet was diluted by 50%, intake was
      increased, but not at a rate adequate to maintain caloric intake. However, the
      ponies were able to maintain body weight.

PMID- 4070430
TI  - Effect of diet upon ventilation and effort perception during a physical stressor.
AB  - The present research explored the effects of a high and low carbohydrate diet on
      ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during a 10 minute bicycle ergometer test at
      high physical work capacity (70% of maximum aerobic capacity). Twelve female
      student volunteers participated and were randomly assigned the order of diet
      treatments in which they served as their own control and/or experimental group.
      Following each dietary regimen, subjects were instructed to pedal the bicycle
      ergometer for ten minutes at an intensity of 70% of their maximum capability.
      Throughout the cycling protocol, RPE scores were recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10
      minutes; in addition expiratory gases were collected and analyzed by a
      computerized indirect calorimetry system. Results in the current investigation
      indicated that an increased carbohydrate intake resulted in an "ergogenic" or
      "work-producing" effect by attenuating the metabolic acidosis, possibly
      diminishing the sensations of the central cardiopulmonary effort, further
      attenuating the psychophysiological perceptions of effort. Conversely, ingestion
      of a low carbohydrate diet resulted in accentuation of the ventilatory drive
      eliciting higher signals of exertion during dynamic exercise.

PMID- 4070431
TI  - The comparative effects of frontal, parietal, occipitotemporal, and limbic
      forebrain lesions in weanling rats on learning.
AB  - Young rats prepared with discrete bilateral lesions to the cerebral cortex,
      cingulate cortex, or dorsal hippocampus were required to learn a white-black
      discrimination, a 3-cul maze, and a nonvisual inclined plane discrimination. Only
      those rats with parietal lesions were impaired in acquiring all three habits.
      Those with occipitotemporal, frontocingulate, or posterior cingulate lesions were
      impaired on two habits, those with dorsal hippocampal lesions were impaired on
      one habit, and those with frontal (motor) cortical lesions failed to show any
      impairment. These results coupled with others suggest that the parietal cortex is
      unsurpassed in the wide range of learning and retention deficits which follows
      restricted neopallial lesions.

PMID- 4070432
TI  - Effects of early sex steroid hormone treatment on courtship behavior and sexual
      attractivity in the red-sided garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis.
AB  - Previous research has shown that exogenous androgen fails to elicit courtship
      (chin-rubbing) behavior in adult male or female red-sided garter snakes
      (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis). However, gonadectomized and intact newborn male
      and female red-sided garter snakes given silastic capsules containing
      testosterone exhibit chin-rubbing behavior; gonadectomized and untreated animals
      do not show this behavior. Both males and females also exhibit chin-rubbing
      behavior when treated with testosterone as yearlings. Hibernation stimulates chin
      rubbing behavior only in males that have received androgen treatment as a neonate
      or as a yearling. Previous research has also shown that adult females, but not
      adult males, are courted if given estrogen treatment. Both newborn males and
      females will elicit chin-rubbing behavior from adult males if given estrogen
      treatment, indicating production and release of an attractiveness pheromone
      characteristic of adult females. Male red-sided garter snake breed for the first
      time on emergence from their second hibernation, whereas females probably do not
      breed until their third year of life. These data suggest that in the red-sided
      garter snake, a species that exhibits a dissociated reproductive tactic, sex
      steroid hormones act to organize central nervous system mechanisms subserving
      courtship behavior such that temperature, and not hormonal, fluctuations activate
      sexual behavior in the adult organism.

PMID- 4070433
TI  - Effects of estrus, estrogen-progesterone priming, and vaginal stimulation on
      tonic immobility, dorsal immobility, and lordosis in the female rat.
AB  - Three complex inhibitory responses, tonic immobility, the dorsal immobility
      response, and lordosis, were studied in the intact female rat during estrus and
      diestrus and in ovariectomized rats with estrogen-progesterone treatment or
      controls. In each condition, the effects of vaginal-cervical stimulation were
      also studied. The results of two experiments indicate that estrus and estrogen
      progesterone treatment significantly potentiate lordosis and the dorsal
      immobility response with or without vaginal-cervical stimulation. Tonic
      immobility was also potentiated by estrus and estrogen-progesterone treatment,
      but only if vaginal-cervical stimulation was applied. Vaginal-cervical
      stimulation potentiated both tonic immobility and the dorsal immobility response,
      but not lordosis, which was already at a high level.

PMID- 4070434
TI  - Mouse phenotype modulates the behavioral effects of acute thiamine deficiency.
AB  - The influence of mouse phenotype on the behavioral effects of thiamine deficiency
      was examined in three experiments. A reduction in spontaneous motor activity
      occurring during acute thiamine deprivation was found to be greater in C57 mice
      than in Balb and Nylar mice. No persistent post-deprivation effects were observed
      nor were there any changes in Y-maze alternation or spatial discrimination
      learning. These results provide a further demonstration of genetic-environmental
      interactions in determining pathological behavioral states.

PMID- 4070435
TI  - Male hamster sociosexual behaviors: effects of testosterone and its metabolites.
AB  - Male hamsters were tested for copulatory behavior (CB) with receptive females,
      for investigatory responses to the females' ano-genital region (A/G), and for
      attraction to female hamster vaginal secretion (FHVS). After castration, the
      males received Silastic capsules containing one of two doses of testosterone (T),
      5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol (E2) or DHT + E2, and the
      maintenance of their copulatory and chemoinvestigatory responsiveness was
      assessed during weekly tests for the next month. The major findings were: (1) T
      thresholds for the maintenance of CB were lower than they were for the
      maintenance of A/G behavior and FHVS attraction; (2) DHT + E2 or DHT alone were
      more effective in maintaining A/G and FHVS attraction than was E2 alone; (3) DHT
      + E2 or DHT alone maintained ejaculatory behavior in some animals but E2 did not;
      (4) the posttreatment maintenance of normal ejaculation latencies and
      intromissions to ejaculation shown by intact and T-treated males was not
      demonstrated by males receiving DHT or DHT + E2. These results are consistent
      with the hypothesis that copulatory and chemoinvestigatory behaviors may be
      subserved by distinct neuroendocrine mechanisms in male hamsters.

PMID- 4070436
TI  - Sweet tooth reconsidered: taste responsiveness in human obesity.
AB  - Taste responses of normal-weight, obese, and formerly obese individuals for
      sucrose and fat containing stimuli were examined using a mathematical modelling
      technique known as the Response Surface Method. The subjects accurately rated
      intensities of sweetness, fatness, and creaminess of 20 different mixtures of
      milk, cream, and sugar, and no mixture phenomena or inter-group differences were
      observed. In contrast, hedonic taste responses varied across subject groups, and
      were affected differentially by the sucrose and lipid content of the stimuli.
      Normal-weight subjects optimally preferred stimuli containing 20% lipid and less
      than 10% sucrose. Obese subjects preferred high-fat stimuli (greater than 34%
      lipid) that contained less than 5% sucrose, while formerly obese subjects showed
      enhanced responsiveness to both sugar and fat. Hedonic responsiveness as measured
      by the optimal sugar/fat ratio was negatively correlated with the degree of
      overweight (body mass index: weight/height). We hypothesize that sensory
      preferences for dietary sugars and fats aren determined by body-weight status and
      may affect the patterns of food consumption.

PMID- 4070437
TI  - Modulation of aversively motivated learning in rats adapted to a cold stressor.
AB  - Two experiments studied effects of adaptation to cold water stress upon learning
      in two aversively motivated (shock) tasks. Experiment 1 found animals previously
      experiencing cold water stress exhibited more tolerance to shock, having shorter
      latencies, in an approach-avoidance conflict situation than non-treated controls.
      In Experiment 2, animals with previous cold water stress experience exhibited
      longer response latencies than controls in an active-avoidance task. These
      findings provide evidence that adaptation to a noncontingent stressor can
      modulate behavioral responses which suggest increased tolerance.

PMID- 4070438
TI  - Food conditioning, castration, testosterone administration and sexual behavior in
      the male rat.
AB  - Chronically food-deprived male rats, when paired with a female rat in heat, were
      rewarded by receiving a food pellet following each intromission. Following
      castration there was a rapid decline in all aspects of male sexual behavior:
      after 3 weeks all sex behavior had stopped. There were no differences between the
      conditioned males and their yoked controls. Substitution with two doses of
      testosterone (through silastic implants) restored sexual behavior, but equally so
      in the conditioned and the control animals. Removal of the testosterone implant
      again caused a very rapid decline in sexual behavior, no differences between
      experimental and yoked control males. These results suggest that food, as a non
      sexual stimulus, does not cause hungry male rats to continue to copulate for
      prolonged periods following castration. Furthermore, the combination of chronic
      food deprivation plus castration do summate with each other in the very rapid
      decline and cessation of male sexual performance.

PMID- 4070439
TI  - An improved procedure of chronic intravenous infusion in unrestrained rats.
AB  - A continuous infusion technique for rats is described which is a significant
      improvement upon existing procedures with regard to the degree of physiological
      and psychological stress it provokes. The system was assembled with a head
      attachment, a practical swivel and a special metabolic cage, permitting long-term
      tube feeding of unrestrained rats.

PMID- 4070440
TI  - A simple device for experimentally concussing the rat.
AB  - A device is described for eliciting acceleration concussion in the awake rat.
      Animals, which were manually restrained, were struck on the occipital crest by a
      rubber knob attached to the striker wire of a spring-loaded rat trap. This method
      produced concussion with survival in over 50% of animals tested. The remainder
      were either simply stunned or else died shortly after the blow to the head. The
      device is compared with a number of alternate techniques designed to concuss the
      rat.

PMID- 4070441
TI  - Reduced fearfulness in the lactating rat.
AB  - The freezing reaction in response to a brief auditory signal was assessed in
      lactating and virgin rats. Freezing was markedly reduced in lactating animals,
      but only when their litters were present in the testing cage. Pup exposure did
      not shorten the duration of freezing in virgin animals. The reduced fearfulness
      in lactating females, as measured by the freezing response, may complement
      maternal aggression in the protection of the offspring.

PMID- 4070442
TI  - The cumulative effects of estrogen on precopulatory behavior in the female
      Mongolian gerbil.
AB  - Differences in responsiveness of precopulatory patterns to estradiol were
      investigated in the female Mongolian gerbil. Administration of five daily
      injections of 6 micrograms estradiol benzoate (EB) to ovariectomized females
      demonstrated that the precopulatory patterns differ in their responsiveness to
      EB. Estradiol benzoate shortened the latency to the first significant increase in
      frequency above post-ovariectomy levels for a group of precopulatory patterns
      (investigation of male's anogenital area, allogrooming and ventral gland marking)
      in comparison with a second group (approaching, leaving, investigation of the
      male's head, sand rolling, the present and piloerection postures). One component
      of precopulatory behavior (foot stomping) was not affected by EB. We suggest that
      the first group of more estrogen-sensitive patterns increases rapidly during
      early estrus as plasma estradiol-17 beta (E2) rises, whereas the second group
      shows peak levels later in estrus following the rise in plasma progesterone. We
      conclude that separable hormonal mechanisms may govern component precopulatory
      patterns.

PMID- 4070443
TI  - Anti-inflammatory effect of neolignans newly isolated from the crude drug "Shin
      i" (flos Magnoliae).

PMID- 4070444
TI  - Polyindolinic alkaloids from Psychotria forsteriana. Potent inhibitors of the
      aggregation of human platelets.

PMID- 4070445
TI  - Yuehchukene, a novel anti-implantation indole alkaloid from Murraya paniculata.

PMID- 4070446
TI  - [The endocrine effects of constituents of Cimicifuga racemosa. 2. In vitro
      binding of constituents to estrogen receptors].

PMID- 4070447
TI  - Antiinflammatory actions of ephedrines in acute inflammations.

PMID- 4070448
TI  - Mechanism of antihepatotoxic activity of wuweizisu C and gomisin A.

PMID- 4070449
TI  - Plant anticancer agents XXXVII. Constituents of Amanoa oblongifolia.

PMID- 4070450
TI  - Plant anticancer agents XXXV. Further constituents of Simaba multiflora.

PMID- 4070451
TI  - The cytotoxic principle of Scutellariae radix against L1210 cell.

PMID- 4070452
TI  - Short- and long-term effects of irradiation on bone regeneration.
AB  - The aim of the present study is to quantify bone-regenerative capacity directly
      and 1 year after administration of 15 Gy 60Co irradiation. A titanium implant,
      the bone growth chamber, which in nonirradiated cases becomes filled with newly
      formed bone over a 4-week period, was inserted into each tibial metaphysis of 20
      rabbits. In 10 animals the chambers were installed directly after irradiation,
      while in 10 other rabbits the implants were installed 1 year after the 60Co
      trauma. In both groups the bone-forming capacity on the irradiated side was
      compared to that of the contralateral, nonirradiated, control tibia. The amount
      of bone formed was determined by microradiography and microdensitometry. It was
      found that bone regeneration was depressed by 70.9 percent within a 4-week period
      after irradiation. At a follow-up of 1 year, the average depression of bone
      forming capacity was only 28.9 percent. This means a recovery by a factor of
      almost 2.5. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 4070453
TI  - Microtia: a microform of hemifacial microsomia.
AB  - An analysis of associated deformities in 74 patients with isolated microtia is
      reported. Microtia should be considered a microform of hemifacial microsomia
      because of similar (1) asymmetrical nature of the defects, (2) incidence and
      pattern of seventh nerve paresis, (3) correlation of the degree of seventh nerve
      weakness with grade of auricular deformity and not with the severity of
      mandibular hypoplasia, (4) right-sided preponderance, (5) incidence of associated
      cleft lip and palate, (6) male predilection, and (7) equivocal mode of
      inheritance. These clinical observations confirm the concept that microtia and
      hemifacial microsomia have the same etiopathogenesis which is not shared by
      mandibulofacial dysostosis.

PMID- 4070454
TI  - The median forehead flap revisited: the blood supply.
AB  - In 6 fresh cadavers, an injection study of the facial vessels with disulfine blue
      dye and Microfil demonstrated visualization of large-caliber vessels of the
      median forehead skin even when the supraorbital and supratrochlear vessels were
      interrupted. The results of the study would suggest that the median forehead flap
      can be elevated without incorporating the supratrochlear vessels, but the flap
      design should be reserved for those clinical situations where the pedicle must be
      extensively mobilized, e.g., reconstruction of the nasal tip and columella and
      the presence of a low-lying frontal hairline.

PMID- 4070455
TI  - The Tagliacozzi flap as a method of nasal and palatal reconstruction.
AB  - A random flap of upper arm skin has been successfully used to reconstruct large
      nasal (seven patients) and palatal (three patients) defects. This method is an
      attractive alternative for nasal reconstruction in patients whose foreheads
      cannot be used. Problems of color match can be managed by subsequent resurfacing
      of the nose with a single-piece full-thickness graft taken from the
      supraclavicular area. Pedicle flaps can be transected 9 to 12 days after inset,
      thus shortening the immobilization period.

PMID- 4070456
TI  - Neighboring flaps and cartilage grafts for correction of serious secondary nasal
      deformities.
AB  - When the secondary nasal deformity is so serious that it presents loss of the
      soft structures, often its correction requires a neighboring flap besides the
      cartilage auto-grafts. In such serious cases, which are fortunately infrequent,
      the surgeon must resort to reconstructive techniques that typically provide very
      good results. Such is the case with the midforehead Indian flap, which rotated
      180 degrees, allows reconstruction of the columella in the same surgical stage.
      In the same manner, Denonvilliers' flap may be employed to restore contour of the
      nasal ala, since its scar sequel is very acceptable, and Dieffenbach's flap may
      be used to reconstruct the columella. The flap of labial mucosa (which other
      authors have employed to correct septal perforations) is rotated 90 degrees to
      appose with another similar contralateral flap and is used to correct the
      seriously retracted columella. In this paper we present some cases that demanded
      the application of these techniques.

PMID- 4070457
TI  - Suction lipectomy of the neck.
AB  - Suction lipectomy of the neck has been advocated in other reports. However,
      because of skin laxity, a simultaneous face/neck lift has been performed usually.
      In this series of 49 patients, ages 18 to 73, removal of submandibular fat was
      performed by suction lipectomy. A simultaneous face/neck lift was not done. In
      addition, no skin was excised. On the contrary, the apparent excess skin was
      found to be required for contouring. Approximately one-third of the patients had
      a simultaneous chin implant. Others had different aesthetic surgical procedures
      performed during the same operation. The removal of neck fat by suction has
      proven to be more efficacious than excisional methods of lipectomy. The risks of
      operation have been found comparable to suction lipectomy performed in other
      anatomic locations.

PMID- 4070458
TI  - Breast reduction utilizing the maximally vascularized central breast pedicle.
AB  - Experience using a maximally vascularized central breast pedicle to nourish the
      nipple-areola is presented. The pedicle is designed to incorporate vascular
      contributions from the lateral thoracic artery, intercostal perforators, internal
      mammary perforators, and thoracoacromial artery by means of the pectoralis major
      muscle. The basic technique is as follows: First, the areola is incised and 2-cm
      thick skin and subcutaneous flaps are dissected medially, laterally, and
      superiorly, freeing the entire central breast mound. Second, the breast is
      reduced in a "Christmas tree" manner, being careful not to narrow the base of the
      pedicle. Third, excess skin and subcutaneous tissue is excised inferomedially and
      laterally and the nipple is inset into proper locations. The advantages of this
      technique are (1) large and small reductions can be done, (2) pedicle length does
      not appear to be a problem, and (3) the central mound gives the forward
      projection needed for good contour and good aesthetic results. Sixty-five
      patients with follow-up to 4 years are presented.

PMID- 4070459
TI  - Potentiation of infection by epinephrine.
AB  - A subinfective dose of Staphylococcus aureus (6 X 10(6)) does not produce wound
      infection in the rat model. Reducing the dosage (concentration) of epinephrine
      results in decreased numbers of viable bacteria in tissue and a lower incidence
      of wound infection in this model.

PMID- 4070460
TI  - Bilateral neuromata of the great auricular nerves 8 years following face lift.
AB  - A patient is presented with bilateral neuromata incontinuity of the great
      auricular nerves 8 years following face lift. The neuromata were excised and
      repaired utilizing the operating microscope.

PMID- 4070461
TI  - Nasopharyngeal teratoma attached to the lower jaw.
AB  - A case of an intraoral teratoma attached to both the maxillary and mandibular
      regions is reported. This case strongly suggests the relationship between the
      buccopharyngeal membrane and intraoral teratoma. However, the number of cases
      showing such attachments is too small to permit a definite conclusion.

PMID- 4070462
TI  - The use of prophylactic antibacterials in plastic surgery: a 1980s update.
AB  - A questionnaire designed to determine the pattern of usage of prophylactic
      antibacterials, similar to one used a decade ago, was distributed to plastic
      surgeons, of whom 1718 responded. The pattern of antibacterial use in 8 major
      categories and 55 separate operations and circumstances was reviewed. The timing
      and the influence of various modifying factors was evaluated. The data present
      the pattern of antibacterial use by plastic surgeons at this point and time, that
      is, what is "usual and customary".

PMID- 4070463
TI  - Staphylococcus epidermidis and infection following augmentation mammaplasty.

PMID- 4070464
TI  - An unusual case of hidradenitis presenting as bilateral breast abscesses.

PMID- 4070465
TI  - Perforation of Adson-type forceps.

PMID- 4070466
TI  - Simple bite and cross-bite jeweler's forceps adaptation.

PMID- 4070467
TI  - Capsular contracture and implant distortion.

PMID- 4070468
TI  - Arterial supply to skin and muscle.

PMID- 4070469
TI  - Polyurethane-coated implants.

PMID- 4070470
TI  - [The hyperoxia test in evaluating the size of pulmonary shunts].

PMID- 4070471
TI  - [Indicence of tuberculosis in recruits based on their territorial origin 1974
      1983].

PMID- 4070472
TI  - [Analysis of the work of the bronchopulmonary carcinoma team].

PMID- 4070473
TI  - [Personal experience with the length of treatment in pulmonary tuberculosis
      including case reports].

PMID- 4070474
TI  - [Early detection and diagnosis of lung cancer].

PMID- 4070475
TI  - [Acute and chronic pathology after exposure to chemical agents].

PMID- 4070476
TI  - [Invasive diagnostic approaches and modern antimicrobial treatment of pulmonary
      infiltrates].

PMID- 4070477
TI  - [The lungs and old age].

PMID- 4070478
TI  - [Contemporary views on the diagnosis and therapy of asthma].

PMID- 4070479
TI  - [Regional pulmonary function in patients with diffuse pulmonary interstitial
      disease].

PMID- 4070481
TI  - [Cytologic changes in the respiratory tract in workers exposed to carbon
      disulfide inhalation].

PMID- 4070480
TI  - [The significance of organic phosphates in the oxygen supply to tissues during
      pulmonary insufficiency].

PMID- 4070482
TI  - [Hypersensitivity and inflammation in asthma caused by isocyanate].

PMID- 4070483
TI  - [Multiple primary malignant tumors].

PMID- 4070484
TI  - [Implantation of a metastasis at the site of a transthoracic aspiration
      puncture].

PMID- 4070485
TI  - [Actinomycosis of the lungs].

PMID- 4070486
TI  - [Broncholithiasis].

PMID- 4070487
TI  - [Chronic cough and the measurement of resistance in breathing through the mouth
      and nose].

PMID- 4070488
TI  - [Transbronchial biopsy of the lung in patients with diffuse pulmonary diseases].

PMID- 4070489
TI  - [The size of the azygos vein arch in the differential diagnosis of acute
      interstitial cardiopulmonary diseases].

PMID- 4070490
TI  - [The "silhouette sign" in detecting and localizing changes in the lungs].

PMID- 4070491
TI  - Socio-economic variables and the boundaries of psychopathology.

PMID- 4070492
TI  - In case of Korea--vulnerability in a transitional period of acculturation.

PMID- 4070493
TI  - Mental disorders in a Chinese metropolis: symptoms, diagnosis and lifetime
      prevalence.

PMID- 4070494
TI  - Rapid change of population structure and the related psychopathology in Japan.

PMID- 4070495
TI  - A comparative look at cultural bases in the psychopathology of mental disorder in
      India (Hindu culture) and melting pot culture of Canada (multiculture).

PMID- 4070496
TI  - Depression in Taiwan: epidemiological survey utilizing CES-D.

PMID- 4070497
TI  - [Psychopathology in consultation liaison settings in U.S.A].

PMID- 4070498
TI  - [Survey of the cooperative workshop (kyodosagyosyo) in Japan].

PMID- 4070499
TI  - [Statistical report on a neuropsychiatric clinic during 16 years. On the section
      of psychiatry].

PMID- 4070500
TI  - [Irreversible cerebral function loss (so-called brain death). Further experiences
      in diagnostic procedures].
AB  - Analyzing international 15 years experiences the authors characterize the present
      situation of knowledges and practical possibilities concerning brain death
      diagnostics. It must be differentiated between generally accepted obliging
      criterions and the remaining space of responcibility of the neurologist, who is
      acting as a member of a brain death commission. In this frame procedures have to
      be chosen, which allow to diagnosticate without any doubt and as early as
      possible. Further developmental possibilities are shown.

PMID- 4070502
TI  - [Probability in the clinical diagnoses of Pick disease and Alzheimer disease].
AB  - This paper is dedicated to the honour of Prof. Dr. Erich Sternberg. The
      diagnostical strategy of well-known specialists for the Morbus Pick and Morbus
      Alzheimer is considered. As a result of our own experiences and analyses the
      psychopathological factors are assigned to the following groups: change of
      vitality; change of personality; reversible organic psychoses; fuzzy brain-local
      symptoms; development of dementia. For these groups growth curves are given for
      which the analytic description by a special type of a differential equation, is
      used. The different behaviour of the development of the dementia to the Morbus
      Pick and Morbus Alzheimer is found.

PMID- 4070501
TI  - [Computer tomography studies in irreversible cerebral function loss (brain
      death)].
AB  - 12 patients, whose neurological findings had induced the procedure of brain death
      determination, and further 4 young children were examined correspondently by
      special CT methods. In conclusion cranial computerized tomography as a non
      invasive method seems to be useful alternatively beside cerebral angiography for
      the documentation of cerebral circulation arrest.

PMID- 4070503
TI  - [Cerebrospinal fluid, especially cell findings, in subarachnoid hemorrhage].
AB  - Liquor samples (n = 303 each from the Neurological Department of the Wilhelm
      Pieck University Rostock, GDR and the Neurological Hospital of the Pommeranian
      Medical Academy, Szczecin, Poland) collected from patients following subarachnoid
      hemorrhage are used as a basis to present various findings for the, on the whole,
      characteristic hemorrhagic liquor syndrome. The differential liquor cell picture
      (sedimentation after Sayk) is important for determining the time of the
      hemorrhage and the post-hemorrhage phase and for identifying recidivating
      hemorrhage and complications, including hemorrhagic meningoencephalitis (lympho
      plasmocytic cells), post-traumatic states (activated macrophage and storage
      function) and blastomatous infiltration (malignoma cells). Artificial blood
      contamination (easily recognisable immediately after puncture) leads to
      differences, with less granulocytosis and a few sparsely charged macrophages, a
      few days later; the same also applies to diseases stemming from the vessels and
      hematomas that are not in contact with the liquor space. Despite the introduction
      of diagnostic hardware, examination of the liquor a few days after subarachnoid
      hemorrhage is still important as a means of identifying recidivating hemorrhage
      and complications and, in particular, for differentiation from inlammatory
      diseases of the CNS.

PMID- 4070504
TI  - Kinetic mechanism of glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase from human placenta.
AB  - The order of interaction of substrates and products with human placental
      glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase was investigated in the aminoacylation reaction by
      using the steady-state kinetic methods. The initial velocity patterns obtained
      from both the glutamine-ATP and glutamine-tRNA substrate pairs were intersecting,
      whereas ATP and tRNA showed double competitive substrate inhibition. Dead-end
      inhibition studies with an ATP analog, tripolyphosphate, showed uncompetitive
      inhibition when tRNA was the variable substrate. The product inhibition studies
      revealed that PPi was an uncompetitive inhibitor with respect to tRNA. The
      noncompetitive inhibition by AMP versus tRNA was converted to uncompetitive by
      increasing the concentration of glutamine from 0.05 to 0.5 mM. These and other
      kinetic patterns obtained from the present study, together with our earlier
      finding that this human enzyme catalyzed the ATP-PPi exchange reaction in the
      absence of tRNA, enable us to propose a unique two-step, partially ordered
      sequential mechanism, with tRNA as the leading substrate, followed by random
      addition of ATP and glutamine. The products may be released in the following
      order: AMP, PPi and then glutaminyl-tRNA. The proposed mechanism involves both a
      quarternary complex including all three substrates and the intermediary formation
      of an enzyme-bound aminoacyl adenylate, common to the usual sequential and ping
      pong mechanisms, respectively, for other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.

PMID- 4070505
TI  - Natural history of coronary artery disease in relation to angiographic,
      hemodynamic and clinical factors.
AB  - Studying the natural history of coronary artery disease could provide a frame of
      reference for prognosis and appraisal of treatment for patients having this
      disease. We studied a total of 465 consecutive patients with angiographically
      significant coronary artery disease, defined as greater than 50% stenosis in at
      least one principal artery, who were followed with medical treatment only from 1
      to 7 years. Excluding patients with left main coronary disease, there were 73
      deaths, of whom 63 were cardiac. The 5-year cumulative survival rates were 72%
      for the entire group, 87% for single vessel disease, 73% for double vessel
      disease and 51% for triple vessel disease. In single vessel disease, patients
      with left anterior descending artery involvement tended to have higher mortality.
      In double vessel disease, survival was worse with the combination of left
      anterior descending and right coronary artery involvements than the other 2
      combinations. A history of myocardial infarction was not significantly different
      from angina in 5-year survival rate. Nevertheless, an abnormal Q-wave in ECG was
      associated with lower survival. History of hypertension and electrocardiographic
      left ventricular hypertrophy did not affect survival. While congestive heart
      failure, abnormal resting LVEDP and left ventricular asynergy were all associated
      with reduced survival. The left ventricular ejection fraction had highly
      prognostic value, only 42% of patients survived with ejection fraction less than
      0.3 at the end of 5 years after angiography.

PMID- 4070506
TI  - The effect of i-mu-ts'ao on a partially purified prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductase
      from swine kidney.
AB  - The enzyme system, prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductase, which catalyzes the reduction
      of prostaglandin E to form prostaglandin F has been partially purified from swine
      kidney. This NADPH-linked enzyme is studied spectrophotometrically. The KM of
      this enzyme for prostaglandin E2 was found to be 180 microM. Studies with the
      partially purified enzyme indicate that prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductase is
      affected by a Chinese herbal medicine i-mu-ts'ao (leonurus heterophyllus sweet).
      An increase in the concentration of i-mu-ts'ao aqueous extract may influence the
      conversion of prostaglandin E2 into prostaglandin F2 alpha. This finding offers a
      possible explanation for the physiological role of i-mu-ts'ao when it is treated
      as a medicine.

PMID- 4070507
TI  - Effects of sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension on the cerebral and hindlimb
      blood flow in dogs.
AB  - Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) has been commonly used as a vasodilator agent for
      deliberate hypotension with general anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to
      observe whether cerebral blood flow (CBF) was significantly reduced when SNP
      infusion was accomplished to decrease peripheral blood flows with systemic
      hypotension. We conducted the experiments in 15 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs.
      CBF was measured in 7 dogs using a venous outflow method. Hindlimb blood flow
      (HBF) serving as a representative of the peripheral circulations was obtained by
      flow measurement in the femoral artery in 8 dogs. The systemic arteral pressure
      (SAP) was decreased stepwise (approximately 5 mmHg for each step) by adjusting
      the SNP infusion rate. During the systemic hypotension, the CBF remained fairly
      constant despite a marked decline in the mean SAP to 40 mmHg. The calculated
      cerebral vascular resistance was progressively decreased with the systemic
      hypotension. On the contrary, a reduction in the HBF was observed accompanying
      the fall in SAP. When the mean SAP was decreased to 50 mmHg, the HBF was only
      46.3 +/- 7.6% of the control value. The calculated hindlimb vascular resistance
      was slightly elevated during the whole course of SNP-induced hypotension. The
      results reveal the disparity between the brain and hindlimb in the resistance and
      flow responses to SNP-induced hypotension. The constancy of CBF subserves
      adequate brain perfusion when deliberate hypotension is conducted for surgery in
      the peripheral organs.

PMID- 4070508
TI  - Effects of dexamethasone on the blood-brain distribution of albumin and alpha
      aminoisobutyric acid in vasogenic cerebral edema.
AB  - The effects of dexamethasone (Dex) on the blood-brain distribution of 14C-alpha
      aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) and 125I-albumin (RISA) was studied in the rat freeze
      lesion model of cerebral edema. Untreated and Dex-treated rats were studied by
      intravenously administering either AIB or RISA immediately after or one day after
      localized cortical freezing. The AIB experiments were terminated after 10 min;
      the RISA experiments were terminated after 30 min or 4 hr. Local tissue
      distribution of AIB and RISA was assessed by quantitative autoradiography. The
      distribution of both RISA and AIB within the lesion was unaffected by Dex. In the
      tissue around the lesion, Dex did not alter the distribution of AIB in the 10 min
      experiments or of RISA in the 30 min experiments. Dex did, however, diminish the
      movement of RISA into the adjacent tissue during the 4-hr experiments. The
      intralesional AIB and RISA distribution data plus the perilesional 10-min AIB and
      30-min RISA distribution data indicate that Dex does not act by reducing the flow
      of solutes and water across damaged or leaky vessels in and around the lesion.
      The 4-hr RISA data suggests that Dex alters the structure of the extracellular
      space in the tissue around the lesion (especially in the white matter) and
      thereby increases the resistance of the interstitium to the flow of solutes and
      fluid from the lesion into the adjacent tissue.

PMID- 4070509
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of matrine isolated from the Chinese herb Shan-dou-gen.
AB  - Matrine, a pure compound isolated from the Chinese herb Shan-don-Gen (Sophora
      subprostrata), was studied for its effects on the cardiovascular system of the
      rat. Intravenous injections of matrine at doses from 5 mg to 20 mg/kg body weight
      exhibited dose-dependent hypotensive and bradycardiac effects. These effects
      lasted only 1 to 3 min. In the isolated atria and ventricle preparations, matrine
      at doses from 50 micrograms to 200 micrograms/ml increased the amplitudes of
      spontaneous contraction of the atria and electrically induced contraction of the
      ventricle, whereas the frequency of the spontaneous beating of the atria was
      reduced. The dose-dependent effects of matrine on the isolated preparations
      persisted as long as the compound was present. Tachyphylaxis was not observed
      with repeated applications of this compound to the isolated preparations. The
      positive inotropic effects on both atria and ventricle and the negative
      chronotropic effect on spontaneous beating of the atria by matrine were not
      blocked by diphenhydramine, atropine, phenoxybenzamine, propranolol,
      trifluoperazine, or methysergide. In contrast, verapamil significantly reduced
      the positive inotropic effect of matrine on the ventricle. In the isolated aortic
      strip preparation, matrine at a dose of 200 micrograms/ml led to a slight
      increase in muscle tone. The same dose of matrine induced a 35% increase of
      perfusion pressure in the hindleg perfusion model. These results suggest that the
      in vivo transient hypotensive effect of matrine is likely associated with a
      decrease in heart rate itself, since positive inotropic effects on both the atria
      and the ventricle, and vasoconstriction of some vascular beds could not be the
      cause of hypotension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4070510
TI  - The histological changes in the testis, epididymis and prostate gland of the red
      bellied tree squirrel, Callosciurus erythraeus, during the growth and
      reproductive cycle.
AB  - The male reproductive glands of the red-bellied tree squirrel, Callosciurus
      erythraeus, in the infantile, and prepubertal males, as well as sexually
      functional, degenerating and redeveloping adults were studied histologically. In
      the infant, testes are characterized with solid seminiferous tubules filled with
      primordial germ cells and Sertoli cells. Interstitial cells are sparse. The
      prostate is composed of condensed cell cords grouped into lobules dispersed with
      interlobular tissues rich in fibroblasts. In the epididymis the highly convoluted
      tubule is lined with a simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium and thin smooth
      musculature without. In the prepubertal male, germ cells are engaged actively in
      mitosis. Primary spermatocytes are readily recognized. Leydig cells appear in
      groups in the interstitial tissue. In the prostate, cell cords become highly
      branched and collecting tubules make their appearance. The tubules in the
      epididymis are enlarged in diameter but their peripheral musculature becomes
      thinner. In functional males, meiosis is active and bundles of spermatozoa are
      scattered along the central lumen. Leydig cells have their cytoplasm highly
      enriched. The prostate is in the secretory phase. The tubule in the epididymis is
      filled with sperm. In the degenerating adult, meiosis is interrupted and necrotic
      germ cells are detached from germinal epithelium. In the prostate, secretory and
      collecting ducts are eventually reduced to condensed lobules separated by
      interlobular fibrous tissue. The tubule in the epididymis often fills with
      necrotic germ cells but no sperm. In the redeveloping adult, the histology of the
      testes, prostate and epididymis is similar to that of the prepubertal male.
      However, there is more fibrous tissue in the interlobular septa in the prostate
      gland and thick musculature at the periphery of the tubule in the epididymis.

PMID- 4070511
TI  - Psychotherapy and subjective experience.
AB  - It is our aim in psychotherapy to introduce the neurotic person to himself. He is
      in some sense cut off from certain of his feelings, wishes and intentions as a
      result of internal conflict and, in fact, he is cut off from the nature of that
      conflict itself, sometimes even from an awareness of its existence. He
      experiences the symptoms of that conflict but he is in no position to resolve it.
      Our aim, however, is not to introduce the neurotic person to himself merely in
      the sense of informing him about the existence, nature or history of such
      conflict; that would probably not help him much more than telling him his
      diagnosis. It is rather to actually enlarge his experience of himself,
      specifically to enlarge his experience of and to make articulate the feelings and
      thoughts involved in that conflict and in this way to create the conditions for
      its resolution. I wish to propose that the effectiveness of this process depends
      upon the recognition or articulation by the therapist of feelings or thoughts of
      the patient that are in a certain sense already conscious, are actually within
      conscious subjective experience, yet are not and for certain dynamic reasons
      cannot be fully articulated or recognized by the patient himself. In proposing
      this--I shall give an example in a moment--I am calling attention to a kind of
      self-estrangement and a level of subjective experience and mental activity that,
      though I believe perfectly well known to all of us, are not distinguished by the
      traditional psychoanalytic division of mental processes into conscious,
      preconscious and unconscious.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4070512
TI  - Joint custody awards and children: a theoretical framework and some practical
      considerations.
AB  - Today there is great interest in forms of custody which involve shared legal and
      sometimes shared physical responsibility for children. The data reviewed in this
      article suggest that custody arrangements arrived at through the adversarial
      process tend to embody the conflicts and needs of the adults involved and fall
      short of addressing the needs of the children. Alternately, custody arrangements
      that rely on mediation, which involves counseling or legal advice, may predispose
      toward cooperation between parents. It is recommended that a careful mental
      health assessment be the cornerstone for making custody decisions. A frame of
      reference, which is based on principles of child development and takes into
      consideration the realities of the post-divorce parenting relationship, is
      presented in an attempt to formulate criteria for selecting and modifying custody
      arrangements. It is hoped that over time lawyers and judges will have available
      improved criteria for formulating and defending their recommendations according
      to a child's current and changing developmental needs.

PMID- 4070513
TI  - Dynamic interpersonal processes and the inpatient holding environment.
AB  - The long-term inpatient psychiatric hospital treating severely disabled patients
      is a complex, multifaceted institution in which many diverse people occupying
      different roles interact in order to accomplish the task of creating a holding
      environment for the patient. In this paper, we suggest that the primary function
      of a psychiatric holding environment is the delivery to the patient of the
      normative services which the nuclear family customarily provides. In order to
      provide this, the hospital, like the optimal family, holds both by restraining
      and by facilitating. Through an understanding of the strategic mental mechanisms
      which severely disturbed patients often employ in order to interact with and
      comprehend others, particularly empathy and projective identification, we may
      delineate more refined treatment strategies. Principles concerning the dynamics
      of small and large groups, patient-staff interactions, the treatment of so-called
      "hopeless" and negative therapeutic reaction patients, and supervision follow
      from these conceptualizations. In all of our explication, our perspective is
      guided by a systems framework but finds concrete expression in an object
      relational viewpoint.

PMID- 4070514
TI  - An empirical comparison of interpersonal and DSM-III approaches to classification
      of personality disorders.
AB  - In recent years, a number of authors have attempted to map correspondences
      between interpersonal models and traditional psychiatric classification. Many of
      the proposed relationships are plausible from a theoretical standpoint, but at
      present little empirical evidence has been gathered in support of these
      speculations. This paper describes the results of a project that suggests that
      the convergence of these two approaches to personality taxonomy is not as high as
      might be expected. In particular, it seems that DSM-III personality disorders are
      not as differentiated with respect to affiliative needs as has been hypothesized.

PMID- 4070515
TI  - Adolescent vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder.
AB  - This study found that men who developed posttraumatic stress disorder after
      combat in Vietnam tended to have been adolescents while in combat. They had
      formed an intense attachment to other men in their combat unit, which had been
      disrupted by the death of a buddy. This loss generally was followed by acts of
      revenge and subsequent feelings of a profound lack of control over their destiny.
      Adolescents use their peer group as an intermediary stage between dependency on
      their family and emotional maturity, and the army, particularly under battlefield
      conditions, maximizes the impact of peer group cohesion. For these younger men,
      the death of a friend was experienced as the dissolution of the once omnipotent
      group and as a narcissistic injury. Group psychotherapy for Vietnam veterans
      allows the partial re-creation of the peer group in the context in which the
      trauma occurred. The sharing and reliving of common experiences may facilitate
      entrance into the world of adult relationships, a process that was arrested by
      the trauma.

PMID- 4070516
TI  - On listening to a dream: the sensory dimensions.
AB  - In searching for the latent meaning of dreams, therapists often bypass the unique
      subjective reality of the dreamer and the therapist's own listening and
      imaginative processes. By way of exploring the sensory dimensions of a dream
      specimen, the author suggests that phenomenology, as a descriptive endeavor, can
      be complementary to traditional psychodynamic approaches and can lead to a
      renewed empathic appreciation of another's inner world and the therapist's
      continual struggle to enter into that reality.

PMID- 4070518
TI  - Resistance in convergent and in divergent conflicts.
AB  - Psychoanalytic theory has limited the term conflict to refer only to convergent
      conflict, whose elements tend to move toward each other, as in repression.
      Formulations made from the viewpoint of the method of free association have led
      the author to favor an expansion in the concept of conflict to include also
      divergent conflict, whose elements tend to move apart, as in regression
      progression and in mourning. A broad range of clinical and theoretical phenomena
      of psychoanalysis can be accounted for by such a revision in the concept of
      conflict. Focusing on resistance, this paper provides a historical review and
      discusses the application of an expanded concept of conflict in the field of
      psychoanalytic technique.

PMID- 4070517
TI  - Auditory hallucinations in nonverbal quadriplegics.
AB  - When a system for communicating with nonverbal, quadriplegic, institutionalized
      residents was developed, it was discovered that many were experiencing auditory
      hallucinations. Nine cases are presented in this study. The "voices" described
      have many similar characteristics, the primary one being that they give
      authoritarian commands that tell the residents how to behave and to which the
      residents feel compelled to respond. Both the relationship of this phenomenon to
      the theoretical work of Julian Jaynes and its effect on the lives of the
      residents are discussed.

PMID- 4070519
TI  - Sudden onset of anti-Chinese prejudice in a four-year-old girl.

PMID- 4070520
TI  - A fetishist's dream.

PMID- 4070521
TI  - Sexual activity level and sexual functioning in women prenatally exposed to
      diethylstilbestrol.
AB  - Thirty women with a history of prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES)
      underwent a detailed sexual history and were compared to a demographically
      similar sample of 30 women with a history of an abnormal Pap smear. The DES women
      were found to have less well-established sex-partner relationships and less
      experience with child-bearing, to be lower in sexual desire and enjoyment, sexual
      excitability, and orgasmic coital functioning, but to be comparable (and low)
      with regard to such sexual dysfunctions as vaginismus and dyspareunia. Both
      potential psychosocial and neuroendocrine explanations are discussed.

PMID- 4070522
TI  - Psychoneuroendocrine stress responses and mood as related to the menstrual cycle.
AB  - Psychoneuroendocrine stress responses were studied in normally ovulating women in
      the follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases of two consecutive menstrual cycles.
      Psychologic stress was induced by having the subjects perform a battery of
      cognitive tasks under time pressure. Blood samples were drawn after each session
      for radioimmunoassay of 17 beta-estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone
      (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, prolactin, cortisol, and
      androstenedione. Urine samples were obtained for estimation of adrenaline,
      noradrenaline, and cortisol. The results showed that psychoneuroendocrine stress
      responses as estimated by urinary excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline
      varied significantly across the menstrual cycle, the highest values being
      obtained in the luteal phase. Self-reported mood and somatic symptoms showed
      distinct phase-related changes, with more negative mood states predominating in
      the luteal and menstrual phases and increased positive mood states in the
      follicular and ovulatory phases.

PMID- 4070523
TI  - Stress and psoriasis: psychoendocrine and metabolic reactions in psoriatic
      patients during standardized stressor exposure.
AB  - Psychoendocrine and metabolic reactions during standardized stressor exposure
      (color-word conflict test and forced mental arithmetics) were studied in ten
      psoriatic and ten matched healthy subjects. During resting conditions, the groups
      were similar with regard to psychologic and biochemical variables, except for
      plasma glucose, which was slightly elevated in the psoriatic group. During
      stressor exposure, the psoriatic group reported significantly higher strain
      levels. Blood pressure, pulse rate, plasma glucose, and urinary adrenaline
      excretion increased in both groups during exposure, with more pronounced
      increases of the latter two in the psoriatic group. Serum cortisol, prolactin,
      progesterone and urinary cortisol decreased in both groups during stressor
      exposure. The decrease in serum cortisol was more pronounced in the psoriatic
      group. Thus, no psychoendocrine differences were found between the healthy and
      psoriatic subjects during resting conditions. In contrast, during a standardized
      stressor exposure, psoriatic subjects reported higher levels of strain, which was
      accompanied by higher levels of urinary adrenaline and lower levels of plasma
      cortisol. These results fit the hypothesis that psoriatic patients perceive
      certain challenging situations as more stressful than do nonpsoriatic controls,
      and react accordingly in their differential psychoendocrine reaction pattern.
      Possible pathophysiologic implications of the different pituitary-adrenocortical
      and sympatho-adrenomedullary reactions in psoriatics submitted to stressor
      exposure are discussed.

PMID- 4070524
TI  - Psychologic stress and blood glucose levels in nondiabetic subjects.
AB  - This study analyzed the effect of a standardized psychologic stressor on blood
      glucose levels in nondiabetic subjects. Subjects participated in a stress and
      nonstress session, presented in counterbalanced order. At each session, subjects
      were fed a carbohydrate load and blood glucose responses were measured 0, 30, 60,
      90, and 120 min after the load. On nonstress days, subjects relaxed after
      drinking the load, while on stress days subjects participated in 30 min of
      competitive tasks immediately after the drink. The stress impaired the subjects'
      ability to handle the carbohydrate load; whereas on nonstress days, blood glucose
      levels peaked at 30 min after the load, on stress days the peak blood glucose
      response was delayed until 60 min after the drink.

PMID- 4070526
TI  - [The Balint group as a group--reflections on the psychodynamic process].

PMID- 4070525
TI  - Classically conditioned hyperglycemia in the obese mouse.
AB  - The obese (C57BL/6J ob/ob) mouse is a commonly used animal model of non-insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus. It has recently been demonstrated that this mouse is
      not consistently hyperglycemic, however, unless it is subjected to environmental
      stress. In the present study, hyperglycemia in obese mice was induced by
      classical conditioning. Obese diabetic mice and lean control animals were exposed
      to shaking stress. All animals developed hyperglycemia in response to shaking. To
      demonstrate classical conditioning, some obese and lean animals were exposed to a
      metronome prior to and during the shaking. Other animals were exposed to the
      metronome and shaking in a noncontingent fashion and one group of animals was
      exposed to the metronome without any exposure to shaking. All animals received
      seven exposures to one of the three above conditions over a 3-day period. On the
      4th day all animals were exposed to the metronome alone, following which blood
      samples were drawn. Classical conditioning of stress hyperglycemia was
      demonstrated in obese, but not in lean, mice.

PMID- 4070527
TI  - [Changes in the psychological state caused by autogenic training].

PMID- 4070528
TI  - [Psychosomatic aspects of Crohn disease].

PMID- 4070530
TI  - [Effect of psychological factors on the course and symptoms of a genetically
      determined disease as exemplified by hemophilia].

PMID- 4070529
TI  - [Coping with disease and personality: on the psychotherapeutic modification of
      illness denial strategies in stroke patients].

PMID- 4070531
TI  - [Research in coping with chronic disease: conceptualization, operationalization
      and adaptibility of defense processes as exemplified by denial].

PMID- 4070532
TI  - Population medicine and individual medicine.

PMID- 4070533
TI  - Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality among the elderly Finnish population
      1960-79.

PMID- 4070534
TI  - Visual and ocular changes in VDU operators.

PMID- 4070535
TI  - Dental disease in selected 5 and 10-year-old children attending social priority
      and ordinary schools in non-fluoridated areas of County Durham.

PMID- 4070536
TI  - Effectiveness of seasonal community-based mass-expulsion chemotherapy in the
      control of human hookworm infections in endemic communities.

PMID- 4070537
TI  - Population sampling for studies of long-term residential exposure to air-borne
      lead: migration problems identified from electoral registrations.

PMID- 4070538
TI  - Home deliveries in Nottingham 1980-81.

PMID- 4070539
TI  - The mechanism for integrating the child health services: a policy statement, May
      1985. British Paediatric Association.

PMID- 4070540
TI  - Comments on the British Paediatric Association report on the mechanism for
      integrating the child health services. Society of Community Medicine.

PMID- 4070542
TI  - Microwaves and the cell membrane. II. Temperature, plasma, and oxygen mediate
      microwave-induced membrane permeability in the erythrocyte.
AB  - Microwaves (2450 MHz) are shown to increase 22Na permeability of rabbit
      erythrocytes for exposures only within the narrow temperature range of 17.7 to
      19.5 degrees C (Tc) which coincides with a nonlinearity in the Arrhenius plot
      reflecting an apparent membrane phase transition. Significantly, this response is
      not observed for cholesterol-loaded erythrocyte membranes which exhibit a linear
      Arrhenius plot and no apparent phase transition at Tc. The permeability increase
      at Tc is a nonlinear function of absorbed power but is a linear function of the
      internal electric field strength of the sample and saturates at approximately 400
      mW/g and 600 V/m, respectively. The permeability increase was found to be
      reversible and transient in that immediately following termination of exposure
      sodium influx is significantly reduced but returns to normal within 60 min.
      Extracellular factors exert a significant influence on the microwave effect. The
      presence of plasma markedly potentiates the increase in 22Na permeability at Tc.
      Oxygen also modulates the microwave effect with relative hypoxia (5 mm Hg) and
      hyperoxia (760 mm Hg) enhancing the permeability increase. In contrast, the
      presence of two antioxidants, ascorbic acid or mercaptoethanol, inhibits the
      effect. These findings raise important questions about the physical and chemical
      nature of microwave interactions with cell membranes and also shed light on
      earlier studies reporting either positive or negative effects on membrane
      permeability.

PMID- 4070541
TI  - Growth delay in 9L rat brain tumor spheroids after irradiation with single and
      split doses of X rays.
AB  - The response of 9L spheroids to irradiation with single and split doses of X rays
      has been investigated. Irradiation with single doses caused a dose-dependent
      decrease in spheroid growth rate, which eventually returned to the growth rate
      for unirradiated spheroids. This delay appeared to be related to cell survival.
      When spheroids were irradiated with two 4-Gy doses of X rays separated by various
      times the amount of growth delay was intermediate between that observed with
      single doses of 4 and 8 Gy. For relatively short times (15-90 min), recovery
      probably resulted from repair processes, but for longer times (up to 24 hr),
      recovery also appeared to depend on cellular redistribution and repopulation
      effects.

PMID- 4070543
TI  - Effect of membrane fatty acid substitution and temperature on repair of sublethal
      damage in mammalian cells.
AB  - Repair of sublethal radiation damage (SLD) has been investigated as a function of
      temperature in mouse fibroblast LM cells with different membrane lipid
      composition. Rigidification or fluidization of the cellular membranes was
      accomplished by incorporation of myristic acid and arachidonic acid,
      respectively, in the phospholipids of the membranes. The SLD repair after
      radiation was essentially the same for the cells with the more rigid (saturated
      fatty acid) membranes and the cells with the more fluid (polyunsaturated fatty
      acid) membranes. This observation was made for repair at 37 degrees C as well as
      for repair at hypothermic temperatures. Incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty
      acid protected the cells against hypothermic death. These experiments demonstrate
      that although membranes are likely targets for cell killing by low temperature
      treatments, membrane lipids are probably not involved in the repair of sublethal
      radiation damage. It must be concluded that neither the degree of
      polyunsaturation of the lipids nor the degree of fluidity of the membrane is
      important for radiation-induced killing of mammalian cells.

PMID- 4070544
TI  - Response of cultured IEC-17 normal rat intestinal epithelial cells to X
      radiation.
AB  - The growth parameters and radiosensitivity of normal rat intestinal epithelial
      cells, IEC-17, were studied. The cells were cultured by standard methods and
      exposed to an array of doses (1-12 Gy) of 250 kVp X rays. The survival curves
      generated exhibited no initial shoulder and were bimodal. The Do of the first
      component was about 0.2 Gy and the second component. 5.0 Gy. The ability of this
      cell line to repair sublethal lesions was examined by fractionation studies;
      repair was completed within 60 min after the first dose. When Chinese hamster
      ovary (CHO) cells were grown under the same conditions used for the IEC-17 cells
      and then irradiated with single doses, a typical survival curve with a Do of 1.4
      Gy was obtained. The survival curves obtained for the IEC-17 cell line are
      consistent with the response of a morphologically distinct single population
      containing two functionally separate types of cells.

PMID- 4070545
TI  - Effects of glutathione depletion by buthionine sulfoximine on radiosensitization
      by oxygen and misonidazole in vitro.
AB  - Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) has been used to deplete glutathione (GSH) in V79
      379A cells in vitro, and the effect on the efficiency of oxygen and misonidazole
      (MISO) as radiosensitizers has been determined. Treatment with 50 or 500 microM
      BSO caused a rapid decline in GSH content to less than 5% of control values after
      10 hr of exposure (t1/2 = 1.6 hr). Removal of BSO resulted in a rapid
      regeneration of GSH after 50 microM BSO, but little regeneration was observed
      over the subsequent 10-hr period after 500 microM. Treatment with either of these
      two concentrations of BSO for up to 14 hr did not affect cell growth or
      viability. Cells irradiated in monolayer on glass had an oxygen enhancement ratio
      (OER) of 3.1. After 10-14 hr pretreatment with 50 microM BSO, washed cells were
      radiosensitized by GSH depletion at all oxygen tensions tested. The OER was
      reduced to 2.6, due to greater radiosensitization of hypoxic cells than aerated
      ones by GSH depletion. GSH depletion had the effect of shifting the enhancement
      ratio vs pO2 curve to lower oxygen tensions, making oxygen appear more efficient
      by a factor of approximately 2, based on the pO2 required to give an OER of 2.0.
      In similar experiments performed with MISO, an enhancement ratio of 2.0 could be
      achieved with 0.2 mM MISO in anoxic BSO-pretreated cells, compared to 2.7 mM MISO
      in non-BSO-treated cells. Thus MISO appeared to be more efficient in GSH-depleted
      cells by a factor of 13.5. These apparent increases in radiosensitizer efficiency
      in GSH-depleted cells could be explained on the basis of radiosensitization of
      hypoxic cells by GSH depletion alone (ER = 1.29-1.41). The effect of GSH
      depletion was approximately equal at all sensitizer concentrations tested, except
      at high oxygen tensions, where the effect was insignificantly small. These
      results are consistent with hypoxic cell radiosensitization by GSH depletion and
      by MISO or oxygen acting by separate mechanisms.

PMID- 4070547
TI  - Heat response of human melanoma multicellular spheroids: comparisons with single
      cells and xenografted tumors.
AB  - Multicellular spheroids were grown from cells derived directly from a human
      melanoma xenograft propagated in athymic mice. The histological appearance of the
      spheroids was similar to that of the parent xenograft. The spheroids were heated
      in culture medium (42.5-44.5 degrees C); growth delay and single cell survival
      measured in soft agar were used as end points. There was a good correlation
      between the results obtained with these two end points, indicating that growth
      delay depended mainly on cell survival. Large spheroids (200 +/- 12 microns in
      diameter) were found to be more heat sensitive than small ones (100 +/- 5 microns
      in diameter), probably because the physiological conditions in large spheroids
      were more favorable for cell inactivation. The cells were more resistant when
      heated as spheroids than as single cells. This effect was not a secondary effect
      of differences in cell-cycle distribution. Spheroids were also found to be more
      heat resistant than xenografted tumors. In the tumors, heat treatment caused
      vascular damage which resulted in delayed cell death due to hypoxia and/or
      nutrient deficiency. It is concluded that spheroids seem well suited for studies
      of primary heat-induced cytotoxic effects. However, they appear not to mirror the
      complex heat response of tumors since that response also includes secondary
      effects, related to heat-induced reduced perfusion.

PMID- 4070546
TI  - 243,244Cm studies in C57BL/Do mice.
AB  - Three groups of C57BL/Do mice were injected with different activities of
      243,244Cm so that the long-term biological effects could be evaluated. The
      biological retention, R, of injected curium in the skeleton at t days after
      injection could be represented by the equations R = 0.245e-0.000379t and R =
      0.208e-0.000494t for male and female mice, respectively. Effective skeletal
      retention equations were used to calculate the cumulative mean skeletal dose in
      rad at 140 days before death in each group of mice. The primary objective of this
      study was to determine the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 243,244Cm
      compared to 226Ra, using bone sarcoma induction as the end point. Combined data
      (bone sarcomas per 10(6) mouse-rad) for male and female mice permitted the RBE
      value +/- SD for 243,244Cm to be calculated as 4.4 +/- 1.8 compared to 1.0 for
      226Ra. A comparison of RBE values form a previous study in this mouse strain and
      the value for 243,244Cm from this study suggests that the trivalent actinides
      241Am, 243,244Cm, and 249Cf are about three times less effective for bone sarcoma
      induction than 239Pu.

PMID- 4070548
TI  - Heat transient related changes in stress-protein synthesis.
AB  - A slow temperature transient from 37 to 42 degrees C over 3 hr instead of the
      usual rapid 4- to 7-min transient increases thermal resistance twofold in MTC
      tumor cells and yet reduces the rates of synthesis of the 70- and 22-kDa heat
      stress proteins (hsp) immediately prior to and during expression of thermal
      resistance--2 to 8 hr after reaching 42 degrees C [S. P. Tomasovic, P. A. Steck,
      and D. Heitzman, Radiat. Res. 95, 399-413 (1983)]. However, examination of hsp
      synthesis at earlier times reaching 42 degrees C (0.5 to 2 hr) has revealed
      differential expression of the individual hsp that is dependent on the rate of
      heating. Within 30 min of reaching 42 degrees C, cells exposed to slow transients
      had higher rates of synthesis of the 112- and 90- but not the 70-kDa hsp.
      However, cells exposed to rapid transients had a higher rate of synthesis of the
      70-kDa hsp by 1 hr after reaching 42 degrees C. The rate of synthesis of the 22
      kDa hsp was similar in cells heated by either method. Rates of synthesis of the
      112-, 90-, and 22-kDa hsp in cells exposed to rapid transients did not equal or
      surpass the rates for cells exposed to slow transients until between 2 and 3 hr
      of heating, just before expression of thermal resistance. Rate of heating also
      had differential effects on total protein synthesized and transport. The total
      protein synthesized was observed to be 40% higher in slow-transient-treated cells
      over the first 2 hr. Transport of an amino acid analog, aminoisobutyric acid, was
      significantly inhibited in rapid-transient cells immediately after reaching 42
      degrees C and had not recovered 1 or 5 hr later. Similar to total protein
      synthesis transport in slow-transient-treated cells was unaffected. There was no
      significant difference between slow- and rapid-transient-treated cells in hsp
      degradation, cell-cycle distribution, or amino acid pool sizes in the first 4 to
      6 hr after reaching 42 degrees C. These results suggest that although the
      ultimate thermal dose was about 10-fold higher under slow-transient conditions,
      the cells receiving this treatment made regulatory or metabolic adjustments,
      including altered hsp synthesis patterns, that reduced initial heat damage.
      Either the protection of total protein synthesis or that combined with higher
      initial rates of synthesis of some hsp could explain the previously reported
      increased initial D0, increased thermotolerance, and reductions in latter hsp
      synthesis rates seen following slow temperature transients.

PMID- 4070549
TI  - Quantitative measurement of DNA strand breaks and repair in gamma-irradiated
      human leukocytes from normal and ataxia telangiectasia donors.
AB  - Fluorimetric analysis of DNA unwinding, which allows measurement of DNA strand
      breaks in human leukocytes, has been optimized by reducing the amount of cells
      required for the test and by modifying the DNA alkali unwinding conditions. This
      permitted measurement of DNA strand-break induction in cells irradiated with low
      (0.5-7 Gy) or high doses (5-20 Gy) of gamma rays. Linear dose-response curves
      were obtained for both dose ranges. Presence of cysteamine during irradiation
      caused a decrease in the extent of DNA strand breaks. The kinetics of the DNA
      strand-break rejoining process appeared to be biphasic over the dose range of 2
      20 Gy when plotted on a linear vs linear axis (percentage of damage as a function
      of time). Since the rate of disappearance of damaged DNA was similar for any
      given dose and for all postirradiation incubation times tested, we have expressed
      the extent of repair after a given postirradiation incubation as the ratio of the
      slopes of the regression lines obtained from incubated and nonincubated cells.
      Leukocytes from 25 healthy donors were analyzed to determine an average value for
      controls. No difference in the level of DNA strand breaks and the rate of repair
      of these breaks was observed between leukocytes from three ataxia telangiectasia
      patients and those from normal donors.

PMID- 4070550
TI  - Effects of m-aminobenzamide on the response of Chinese hamster cells to
      hyperthermia and/or radiation.
AB  - The modifying effects of m-aminobenzamide (m-ABA), an inhibitor of poly(ADP
      ribose) synthesis, on 42 degrees C hyperthermia- and/or radiation-induced cell
      killing were examined in Chinese hamster V-79 cells. When cells were exposed to
      42 degrees C hyperthermia in combination with m-ABA (10 mM), cell survival
      decreased compared with that for 42 degrees C hyperthermia alone.
      Thermosensitizing effects of m-ABA changed with treatments in a decreasing order
      of during and after heating greater than during heating greater than after
      heating. Treatments with m-ABA during and/or after X irradiation enhanced
      radiation-induced cell killing. When cells were exposed to combined treatment
      with X irradiation, 42 degrees C hyperthermia (60 min), and m-ABA (24 hr), cell
      survival decreased markedly compared with that for X irradiation alone. However,
      with both X----42 degrees C and X----42 degrees C----m-ABA, the enhancement
      ratios (ER), designated as D0 ratio, were similar. These results suggest that the
      mechanisms of radiosensitization by m-ABA may be similar to those of 42 degrees C
      hyperthermia.

PMID- 4070551
TI  - Neoplastic transformation of plateau-phase mouse 10T1/2 cells following single
      and fractionated doses of X rays.
AB  - The induction of cell transformation and cell killing in plateau-phase 10T1/2
      mouse cells by single and fractionated doses of X rays was investigated. The
      single dose-transformation curve was composed of a first phase (doubling dose =
      0.2 Gy), a second phase (doubling dose = 1 Gy), and a third phase (no increase of
      transformation at doses more than 6 Gy). Two-dose fractionation experiments
      revealed that transformation damage was reduced when total doses of 0.93, 1.86,
      and 3.72 Gy were given with two equal fractions separated by intervals of 3 to 15
      hr, as compared with the equivalent single doses. This not only represents repair
      of subtransformation damage but also is consistent with previous findings of
      repair of potential transformation damage. The fractionated dose-transformation
      curve obtained 3 hr after the first (conditioning) dose indicated that damaged
      cells had recovered, at least in part, from transformation damage, as shown by
      the reappearance of the first phase of transformation induction. No alteration of
      sensitivity to the second dose seemed to develop; however, the transformable
      fraction of the cell population was apparently increased by the conditioning
      dose. From the present results with single and fractionated doses, a resolution
      between repair of sub- and potential transformation damage did not seem possible.
      Plateau-phase cells were found to be useful for dose fractionation studies.

PMID- 4070552
TI  - Risk of extrathyroid tumors following radiation treatment in infancy for thymic
      enlargement.
AB  - Two thousand eight hundred and fifty-six individuals who received X-ray
      treatments in infancy for an enlarged thymus gland and their 5053 nonirradiated
      siblings have been followed prospectively since 1953 to evaluate the risk of
      radiation-induced neoplastic disease. The health status of the entire cohort has
      been ascertained periodically by mail questionnaire survey. Based on the
      cumulative experience of five surveys of this cohort, the irradiated group has a
      statistically significant increased risk for both benign and malignant
      extrathyroid tumors, the age-adjusted relative risks being 2.0 and 2.2,
      respectively. Benign tumors of the bone, nervous system, salivary gland, skin,
      and breast (females only) and malignant tumors of the skin and breast (females
      only) account for the excess incidence of extrathyroid tumors among the thymic
      irradiated individuals. Although a radiation-induced excess of extrathyroid
      tumors was suggested in an earlier survey of this cohort, small numbers
      restricted attribution of this excess to specific sites. The implications of
      these findings are discussed. Thyroid tumors are addressed in a separate paper.

PMID- 4070553
TI  - On some symmetries that may influence radiation protection regulations.

PMID- 4070554
TI  - Neoplastic transformation is enhanced by multiple low doses of fission-spectrum
      neutrons.
AB  - The neoplastic transformation of C3H mouse 10T1/2 cells was measured induced by
      fission-spectrum neutrons delivered at a high dose rate in five fractions over 4
      days. The transformation frequency was significantly enhanced over that due to
      single equivalent total doses. These new data, in the low dose region,
      demonstrate an increased transformation frequency by fractionated versus single
      exposures of high-dose-rate fission-spectrum neutrons; an increase equal to that
      observed with low-dose-rate fission-spectrum neutrons (i.e., 0.086 rad/min).
      Estimates of the dose modifying factor (DMF), based upon the ratio of the initial
      linear portions of the induction curves for high and for low dose rates, suggest
      the same DMF (approximately 7.8) for both five daily fractions of high-dose-rate
      neutrons and for low-dose-rate neutrons. However, when these results are compared
      to those following high-dose-rate 60Co gamma rays (100 rad/min), the relative
      biological effectiveness (RBE) for low-dose-rate fission-spectrum neutrons based
      upon slope ratios is 19.6; similarly, the RBE relative to five daily fractions of
      60Co gamma rays is 78.8.

PMID- 4070555
TI  - The transfer of tritium-labeled organic material from grass into cow's milk.
AB  - Two lactating cows were given tritiated hay containing organically bound tritium
      (OBT) only for about 4 weeks. Tritium activity was determined in milk fat,
      casein, lactose, milk water, and whole milk. In one cow, milk was sampled for
      approximately 450 days, covering two lactation periods. At steady state, specific
      tritium activities in casein, lactose, and milk water were 58, 10, and 11%,
      respectively, of those in milk fat. Some OBT was converted into THO during
      catabolism and entered the body water pool. This 3H source accounted for nearly
      40% of tritium in lactose, but in casein and milk fat about 97% of tritium was
      derived from ingested OBT. Comparison of the specific activity of milk
      constituents with the specific activity of ingested hay showed the following
      values: 0.84 for milk fat, 0.49 for casein, 0.05 for lactose, 0.10 for milk
      water. About one-half of the tritium transferred to milk was found in organic
      milk constituents and the other half in milk water. Decrease of tritium activity
      with time could be represented by three components with different half-lives for
      the organic milk constituents. Those for milk fat and casein were quite similar,
      with a slow component of nearly 3 months.

PMID- 4070556
TI  - Modifications of circular DNA by photoalkylation.
AB  - The effects of photoalkylation on superhelical PM2 DNA were examined. The chief
      product was 8-(2-hydroxy-2-propyl)guanine, formed exclusively in sequences of
      alternating purines and pyrimidines. Other purine damages included 8-(2-hydroxy-2
      propyl)adenine and smaller quantities of two uncharacterized adenine products.
      DNA strand breaks were formed with increasing irradiation. A small quantity of
      thymine-containing photodimers was formed. Photoalkylation of poly(dG-dC):poly(dG
      dC) reduced the concentration of salt required to effect inversion of the
      circular dichroic spectrum. This suggests that photoalkylation induces the
      transition of poly(dG-dC):poly(dG-dC) from the right-handed B form of DNA to the
      left-handed Z form.

PMID- 4070557
TI  - Induction of chromosome aberrations in G0 human lymphocytes by low doses of
      ionizing radiations of different quality.
AB  - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes from two donors were exposed to low doses
      (0.05 to 2.0 Gy) of gamma rays, X rays, or fast neutrons of different energies.
      Chromosome aberrations were analyzed in metaphase of first-division cells after a
      culture time of 45-46 hr. At this time, less than 5% of the cells were found in
      second division. Different dose-response relationships were fitted to the data by
      using a maximum likelihood method; best fits for radiation-induced dicentric
      aberrations were obtained with the linear-quadratic law for all radiations. The
      linear component of this equation predominated, however, for neutrons in the
      range of doses studied, and the frequency of dicentrics induced by d(16)+Be
      neutrons up to 1.0 Gy could also be described by a linear relationship. The
      relative biological efficiency (RBE) of X rays and d(16)+Be, d(33)+Be, and
      d(50)+Be neutrons compared to 60Co gamma rays in the low dose range was
      calculated from the dose-effect relationships for the dicentrics produced. The
      RBE increased with decreasing neutron dose and with decreasing neutron energy
      from d(50)+Be to d(16)-+Be neutrons. The limiting RBE at low doses (RBEo) was
      calculated to be about 1.5 for X rays and 14.0, 6.2, and 4.7 for the d(16)+Be,
      d(33)+Be, and d(50)+Be neutrons, respectively.

PMID- 4070558
TI  - The development and interlobar distribution of plutonium-induced pulmonary
      fibrosis in mice.
AB  - Six-week-old mice were exposed by inhalation to an aerosol of 239PuO2 (activity
      median aerodynamic diameter 2.2 microns) to establish mean alveolar depositions
      at 2 days after exposure of 4, 40, and 930 Bq of 239Pu. Animals were killed
      serially after 3, 6, 12, and 18 months at which times the development of the
      pulmonary fibrotic lesion was assessed by both biochemical and histopathological
      techniques. Individual measurements of both fresh and dry weights, protein, DNA,
      and hydroxyproline were made on whole lung and also on each of the five
      constituent lobes. Early and sustained increases in lung mass, lung protein, and
      total lung collagen were found, together with a depression of the total
      cellularity of the lung at 6 and 12 months after exposure. Although at later
      times compensatory hypertrophy of less affected areas distorted the relationship,
      systematic trends in the severity of responses between lobes were found. These
      trends were related to the initial lobar concentrations of 239Pu.

PMID- 4070559
TI  - Characterization of radiation-induced performance decrement using a two-lever
      shock-avoidance task.
AB  - Rats were trained to perform a task involving responses on two levers. Responding
      on an avoidance lever delayed the onset of electrical footshock for 20 sec and
      responding on a warning lever turned on a light for 60 sec. When the light was
      on, the task on the avoidance lever was changed from unsignaled shock avoidance
      to signaled shock avoidance by preceding the shocks with 5-sec warning tones. The
      animals preferred the signaled avoidance condition. After 100 Gy of 60Co
      irradiation, the animals were less able to avoid shock, an effect from which the
      animals recovered somewhat over 90 min. The response rate on the avoidance lever
      remained at or above control rates, while the response rate on the warning lever
      showed an initial increase, followed by a decrease below baseline. The increase
      in responding on the avoidance lever occurred in bursts just after presentation
      of the shocks. The data suggest that under these experimental conditions a
      subject will not respond appropriately to avoid shock or acquire cues that can
      facilitate the avoidance of shock. The effects, however, do not reflect an
      inability to perform the required movements but instead appear to reflect some
      characteristic of the task associated with a particular lever.

PMID- 4070560
TI  - Vascular permeability and late radiation fibrosis in mouse lung.
AB  - It has been suggested that fibrosis which develops after irradiation is caused by
      increases in vascular permeability. Plasma proteins leak into irradiated tissue
      where fibrinogen may be converted into fibrin which is gradually replaced by
      fibrous tissue. Vascular and fibrotic changes in mouse lung were investigated
      after X irradiation of the right hemithorax. Blood volume and accumulation of
      extravascular proteins were measured using indium (111In)-labeled red cells,
      iodinated (131I) albumin, and iodinated (125I) fibrinogen. Tracers were injected
      1-47 weeks after irradiation and lungs were excised 24 or 96 hr later to
      determine radioactivity. The amount of collagen was estimated by measuring the
      hydroxyproline content. During the first few months after X rays, lung blood
      volume decreased to a plateau which depended on radiation dose (10-25 Gy). Small
      increases in extravascular albumin and fibrinogen occurred at 1-12 weeks after 10
      25 Gy. Subsequently, protein returned to normal after 10 Gy, remained elevated
      after 15 Gy, and increased after 20 and 25 Gy. Hydroxyproline per gram of dry
      irradiated lung was increased at 18 weeks after 15-25 Gy. Subsequently it showed
      little change although both total hydroxyproline content and dry weight decreased
      after 20 and 25 Gy. Support for the hypothesis was that hydroxyproline per gram
      only increased after X-ray doses which caused marked extravasation of protein.
      There was no evidence, however, for deposition of 125I-fibrin or for a gradual
      increase in fibrosis corresponding to the prolonged excess of extravascular
      protein.

PMID- 4070561
TI  - Hypoxic fraction and binding of misonidazole in EMT6/Ed multicellular tumor
      spheroids.
AB  - Misonidazole has been shown to bind selectively to hypoxic cells in tissue
      culture and to cells which are presumed to be chronically hypoxic in EMT6
      spheroids and tumors. Thus it has considerable potential as a marker of hypoxic
      cells in vivo. To further evaluate this potential EMT6/Ed spheroids were used to
      quantitate misonidazole binding under conditions which resulted in hypoxic
      fractions between 0 and 1. Hypoxic fractions were quantitated using radiation
      survival curves. A doubling of the oxygen in the gas phase to 40% was required to
      fully oxygenate all chronically hypoxic cells. The patterns of binding of 14C
      labeled misonidazole determined by autoradiography were consistent with the
      regions of radiobiological hypoxia as predicted by oxygen diffusion theory. The
      overall uptake of 3H-labeled misonidazole by spheroids correlated well with the
      hypoxic fraction, although binding to aerobic cells and necrotic tissue
      contributed appreciably to the total label in the spheroids. It is concluded that
      misonidazole is an excellent marker of hypoxia in EMT6/Ed spheroids at the
      microscopic level, and the total amount bound per spheroid provides a potentially
      useful measure of the hypoxic fraction.

PMID- 4070562
TI  - Altered energy metabolism in an irradiated population of lizards at the Nevada
      Test Site.
AB  - Field metabolic rates (via doubly labeled water), body compartmentalization of
      energy stores, and energy assimilation efficiencies were measured to assess all
      avenues of energy utilization in Uta stansburiana living in a low-level gamma
      irradiated plot in Rock-Valley, Nevada. Comparison of energy budgets for
      radiation-sterilized females with those of nonirradiated control lizards revealed
      several substantial differences. Sterile females were heavier, mainly because
      they had extraordinarily large energy (fat) storage depots. Sterile females had
      much lower rates of energy expenditure via respiration and lower rates of energy
      intake by feeding. These differences are interpreted as indirect responses to
      radiation-induced sterility. Gastrointestinal tract function in sterile females
      was normal. There is little evidence of direct radiation effects on physiological
      functions other than reproduction.

PMID- 4070563
TI  - [Radiation carcinogenesis as a general biological problem].
AB  - The initial steps of radiation carcinogenesis have been briefly surveyed.
      Actuality of their further research is shown on the molecular level. There is a
      discussion going on about the close connection of such research with basic
      directions in the development of biology, such as: genome destabilization, gene
      repression and activation, regulation of growth activity factors, the role of
      biomembranes in the processes, and synergism in the action of factors on live
      systems.

PMID- 4070564
TI  - [DNA degradation during radiation death of cultured cells].
AB  - The method of flow cytofluorometry was used to study postirradiation changes in
      plasma membrane permeability and DNA content of the Burkitt's lymphoma cells
      (Raji line). At a dose of 10 Gy, the increase in membrane permeability preceded
      the appearance of cells with diminished DNA content. The synchronization of cells
      in phase G2 was associated with a virtually complete radiation arrest of mitoses.
      The postirradiation electrophoretic analysis of DNA of the Burkitt's lymphoma
      cells and of Syrian and Chinese hamster fibroblasts showed that the DNA
      degradation is unordered and results perhaps from activation of hydrolases in the
      dead cells.

PMID- 4070565
TI  - [Free thymidine in the blood serum of irradiated rats with different levels of
      cellular depletion of the thymus and spleen].
AB  - The levels of the postirradiation thymidinemia, with an equal degree of the
      proceeding cell depletion of lymphoid organ tissues caused by the administration
      of dexamethasone and exposure of rats to 3 Gy radiation, markedly varied. Three
      days after the injection of the hormone, the organism responded to irradiation by
      an increase in the concentration of thymidine in blood serum in the same manner
      as intact animals did. The preirradiation with a dose of 3 Gy reduced sharply the
      ability of the organism to respond the repeated irradiation (after 3 days) by
      thymidinemia. There was a lesser increase in the thymidine concentration in the
      blood after the injection of dexamethasone than after irradiation inducing the
      same cell depletion of the thymus and spleen.

PMID- 4070566
TI  - [Study of the aggregation of membrane proteins of erythrocyte ghosts using SDS
      PAAG electrophoresis].
AB  - Using the method of electrophoresis in SDS-PAAG the authors showed a diminution
      of proteins of bands I + II (spectrins) and III (major integral protein) after
      irradiation of erythrocyte ghosts with doses of 50 to 1000 Gy. We failed to
      ascertain that radiation-induced lipid peroxidation is involved into membrane
      protein aggregation. Among the radiolysis products, OH-radicals were shown to
      contribute markedly to the radiation effect observed.

PMID- 4070567
TI  - [Induction of mutations resistant to 6-thioguanine by fast neutrons in cultured
      Chinese hamster cells].
AB  - A study was made of induction of mutations, resistant to 6-thioguanine (TGr), and
      reproductive death of Chinese hamster cells after irradiation by fission-spectrum
      fast neutrons (mean energy of 0.75 MeV) with doses of 10-130 cGy. A high relative
      biological effectiveness (RBE) of fast neutrons was shown. The maximum RBE values
      (13-16) were within the dose range inducing minimum mutagenic and lethal effects.
      RBE decreased with the dose increase. Inspite of high mutagenic effectiveness of
      neutrons, estimated according to TGr mutation frequency per cell per dose unit,
      their relative mutagenic effectiveness, estimated per cell per one lethal event,
      did not substantially differ from that of X-radiation.

PMID- 4070568
TI  - [Relative biological effectiveness of tritium oxide based on nucleic acid
      metabolic indices].
AB  - Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of tritium oxide, as compared to gamma
      rays (137Cs), with regard to LD50/30 is 2,32 +/- 0,69 for rats. The RBE
      coefficients for tritium oxide are obtained with regard to some indices of
      nucleic acid metabolism in the thymus and spleen during the dose formation (0-14
      days). The RBE of tritium oxide increases with a decrease in radiation dose as
      determined according to the concentration and content of DNA per organ and
      activity of thymus DNAases.

PMID- 4070569
TI  - [Role of cytoplasmic receptors in the lympholytic action of glucocorticoids and
      ionizing radiation].
AB  - Exposure of thymocytes to 4 Gy X-radiation causes a marked change in the kinetics
      of accumulation of glucocorticoids in cells. The hormone-binding activity of the
      cytoplasmic receptors does not differ from the control level. Progesterone, a
      glucocorticoid antagonist, and aurin tricarboxylic acid, an inhibitor of protein
      receptors, protect thymocytes from the effect of glucocorticoids and ionizing
      radiation. It is assumed that the cytoplasmic receptor system is involved in the
      realization of the radiation effect.

PMID- 4070570
TI  - [Effect of tryptophan on gluconeogenesis in the perfused liver of irradiated
      rats].
AB  - The liver isolated at different times after exposure to 7 Gy radiation responded
      in a different way to the effect of tryptophan (0.75 g/l) used as a
      gluconeogenesis inhibitor. While 24 h after irradiation the addition of
      tryptophan inhibited gluconeogenesis from circulating exogenous amino acids, in 3
      days, on the contrary, gluconeogenesis in the liver of donors was enhanced. It is
      suggested that these effects of tryptophan are associated with different
      functional status of the liver during the postirradiation observation period.

PMID- 4070571
TI  - [Nature of the changes in the morphofunctional and cytochemical indices of blood
      leukocytes as affected by low-intensity microwaves].
AB  - A study was made of morphological composition of blood leukocytes, phagocytic
      activity, glycogen and alkaline phosphatase content of neutrophils of animals
      exposed to microwaves of low intensity (1-500 mu W/cm2) generated continuously
      (2375 MHz) and by impulses (9400 MHz). The direction of the change in these
      indices and rate of the postirradiation recovery was shown to depend upon
      intensity and duration (30-120 days) of exposure. The response of albino rats and
      guinea pigs to the effect of microwaves was different. The effect of microwaves
      of the intensities under study on the mammalian organism was assessed.

PMID- 4070572
TI  - [Effect of radiation and radioprotectors on the properties of hematopoietic stem
      cells].
AB  - Sublethal irradiation of donors leads to a change in some properties of bone
      marrow haemopoietic stem cells (HSC) during the exponential growth (days 1-8) of
      the syngeneic recipients in the spleen. They are: an increase in the rate of
      proliferation, a slight reduction in time of the population doubling, and a
      tendency toward an increase in the percentage of cells settled in the spleen
      after transplantation. These changes in the properties of HSC provide a more
      rapid repopulation thereof as compared to HSC of intact mice. In all appearance,
      a pretreatment of donors with AET and 2ADT does not influence the HSC changes
      induced by radiation, and, at the same time, retains the number of HSC at a high
      level.

PMID- 4070573
TI  - [Radiation response of clonogenic cells of solid tumors. Clonogenic capacity of
      the murine NKLy solid tumor and its oxygen status].
AB  - Clonogenic capacity and oxygen tension were determined in peripheral and central
      zones of solid tumors NKLy in vivo. With low pO2 in central zones (2.69 +/- 0.60
      as opposed to 4.64 +/- 0.68 mm m. c. in peripheral zones) and in the presence of
      anoxic sites, the effectiveness of cloning, with inoculation immediately after
      isolation of cells from central zones, did not differ from that from peripheral
      ones (6.36 +/- 0.45 and 6.78 +/- 0.68%, respectively).

PMID- 4070574
TI  - [Postradiation recovery of hematopoiesis in mice administered cell-free tissue
      extracts from the central Asiatic turtle].
AB  - It was shown on mice exposed to 8 Gy radiation that a spleen extract from T.
      horsfieldi has a high therapeutic effect. Bone marrow cellularity is restored as
      early as 8 days following irradiation and injection of the extract; the survival
      rate is 71.2% against 4.2 in the control.

PMID- 4070575
TI  - [Effect of local laser irradiation on the activity of enzymes of glutamic acid
      metabolism in rat tissues].
AB  - In experiments in vivo it was shown that local laser irradiation of the parietal
      region of the rat head changed the activity of principal enzymes of glutamic acid
      metabolism both in the brain and in the liver, whereas peripheral irradiation of
      epigastric region caused changes in the activity of the studied enzymes in the
      affected site only.

PMID- 4070576
TI  - [Mitochondrial monoamine oxidase activity and serotonin content of rat brain
      following gamma-irradiation].
AB  - It is shown that gamma-irradiation of albino rats with a dose of 30 Gy leads to
      pronounced phase changes in monoaminoxidase activity and serotonin content in rat
      brain at early times after whole-body exposure. There is a similar direction of
      changes in the activity of the enzyme and in the content of the substrate
      adequate to the latter.

PMID- 4070577
TI  - [Effect of heparin on the antiradiation activity of cystamine, decreasing with a
      reduction in radiation intensity].
AB  - It was shown that a single injection of heparin (250 units/kg) 15 min and 24 h
      before irradiation potentiated a slight radioprotective effect of cystamine
      (dichlorohydrate, 170 mg/kg) which was registered after the administration
      thereof to mice 30 min before irradiation with an absolutely lethal dose at a
      dose rate of 0.0025 Gy/c.

PMID- 4070578
TI  - [Damage and repair of bone marrow CFUf and CFUc at different times after whole
      body sublethal gamma-irradiation of animals].
AB  - Cellularity and colony-forming ability of stromal (CFUf) and haemopoietic (CFUc)
      bone marrow stem cells have been studied at different times after irradiation.
      The results obtained are indicative of the similarity between the kinetics of the
      damage and repair of stromal and haemopoietic stem cells.

PMID- 4070579
TI  - [Morphological characteristics of testicular tissue in animals subjected to
      unilateral laser castration].
AB  - In this paper, results of the morphological studies of mammalian testicular
      tissue after exposure of one of the testes to powerful laser radiation are
      reported. The results obtained are compared with those reported in the literature
      on the biological effect of penetrating radiation. No negative influence of
      powerful laser radiation is registered at the organism level. The criteria for
      estimation are the tissue response, morphological picture of spermatogenesis, and
      reproductive functions of exposed animals and of their progeny.

PMID- 4070580
TI  - [Shigella antigens in early pathogenetic therapy of experimental acute radiation
      sickness].
AB  - In experiments on gamma-irradiated hamsters it is shown that antigens, obtained
      from Sh. flexneri and sonnei by the sparing method, have a radioprotective
      therapeutic action. The antigens exhibit the immunostimulating activity which is
      perhaps one of the aspects of the mechanism involved in the formation of
      resistance to infectious complications in irradiated animals and of the
      favourable radioprotective effect.

PMID- 4070582
TI  - [Radiosensitivity of the murine NKLy solid tumor and recovery of clonogenic cells
      from potentially lethal radiation damage].
AB  - It was shown by the cloning method that radiosensitivity of cells of central
      zones was lower than that of peripheral zones (D0=6.70 and 2.91 Gy,
      respectively). Under conditions of recovery from potentially lethal damages
      radiosensitivity of clonogenic cells of peripheral zones decreased (D0=6.22 Gy)
      whereas that of cells from central zones changed insignificantly (D0=7.98 Gy).

PMID- 4070581
TI  - [Temporal characteristics of radiation responses of spinal cord neurons].
AB  - In this report a description is given of functional and structural changes in
      spinal cord occurring 10, 25 and 50 days following local exposure to 76 Gy X
      radiation. During the observation period, the capacity of synaptic structures was
      progressively impaired, the peripheral nerves irritated by high frequency, and
      neurons of exposed spinal cord segments changed.

PMID- 4070583
TI  - All change for tomorrow.

PMID- 4070584
TI  - Percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty.
AB  - At Guy's Hospital percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty has been performed in 30
      children with pulmonary valve stenosis. In 24 cases the results were
      satisfactory. There was little change in the stenoses of six children; three of
      these were found to have dysplastic valves at surgery. One child had a
      valvuloplasty performed twice. Follow up in eight children has shown the long
      term success of the procedure with no complications. Before percutaneous
      pulmonary valvuloplasty was available the only treatment for pulmonary valvular
      stenosis was surgery. This entailed a lengthy stay in hospital, a long
      postoperative period and an unsightly midline chest scar. The average length of
      time spent in hospital for surgery is two weeks, and for valvuloplasty a few
      days. Percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty should be considered as the initial
      treatment of choice for most congenital pulmonary valve stenosis. It is safe,
      effective, can be performed at any age and can reduce the risks of surgery.

PMID- 4070585
TI  - The use of CT in the biopsy of adrenal glands: a case study.

PMID- 4070586
TI  - Focus film distance of remote control tables.

PMID- 4070587
TI  - Health Building Note 6.

PMID- 4070588
TI  - On being a patient.

PMID- 4070590
TI  - [Medical problems in optimizing irradiation planning].

PMID- 4070589
TI  - Patients and radiotherapy.

PMID- 4070591
TI  - [Clinical picture and results of treatment of paranasal sinus tumors].

PMID- 4070592
TI  - [Effect of combined modality radiotherapy of cervical cancer on the function of
      digestive system organs].

PMID- 4070593
TI  - [Clinical and pathologico-anatomic evaluation of irreversible changes following
      primary and secondary radiotherapy of cervical cancer].

PMID- 4070594
TI  - Late effects of total-head gamma irradiation in mice. 1. Observations on
      mortality, body weight changes and bone-marrow hemopoiesis.

PMID- 4070596
TI  - Radioresponse of mammalian and avian liver to cobalt-60 gamma radiation.

PMID- 4070595
TI  - Late effects of total-head gamma irradiation in mice. 2. Pathomorphological
      analysis of organic changes with regard to the role of the hypophysis-adrenal
      gland axis and of the thymolymphatic system.

PMID- 4070597
TI  - [Status of bone scintigraphy in evaluating the course of total hip joint
      endoprosthesis (TEP)].

PMID- 4070598
TI  - [Kinetics of EHIDA clearance by the liver--requirements for a radiopharmaceutical
      for determining liver function].

PMID- 4070599
TI  - [Comparative studies of computed tomography and scintigraphy in focal and diffuse
      liver diseases].

PMID- 4070600
TI  - [Documentation of the results of complex nuclear medical endocardial diagnosis
      (radionuclide ventriculography)].

PMID- 4070601
TI  - [Labeling of bacteria with indium chelates].

PMID- 4070602
TI  - [Sensitive TSH assay with a new RIA test kit].

PMID- 4070603
TI  - [Initial experiences with 15N-NMR-spectroscopy of rat organs].

PMID- 4070604
TI  - [Experimental microangiographic studies of revascularization of fractures after
      sympathectomy].

PMID- 4070605
TI  - Symposium on advances in cardiac imaging.

PMID- 4070606
TI  - Assessing the adequacy of myocardial perfusion in man: anatomic and functional
      techniques.
AB  - The dynamic nature of the coronary vasculature and its stenoses frequently
      requires more than a subjective anatomic visualization to evaluate potential
      myocardial ischemia. Although coronary arteriography can assess stenoses of no
      hemodynamic importance (less than 20 per cent diameter reduction) and lesions
      that severely impair blood flow (greater than 80 per cent diameter reduction).
      Most coronary stenoses fall between these two extremes. Quantitative
      arteriography and radioisotope perfusion studies can improve the accuracy of
      predicting myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 4070607
TI  - Doppler-echocardiographic assessment of cardiac output.
AB  - Noninvasive Doppler-echocardiographic estimates of cardiac output correlate well
      with invasive measures of cardiac output, making Doppler echocardiography useful
      in clinical practice. The ability of Doppler echocardiography to measure flow at
      multiple sites within the heart makes calculation of intracardiac shunt flow
      ratios and regurgitant flow volume possible. Measurement of flows at stenotic and
      nonstenotic sites provides the potential for determining the area of a stenotic
      valve without cardiac catheterization. Although considerable work must be done
      before all of these methods can be applied routinely, Doppler echocardiography is
      clearly emerging as a powerful quantitative tool that greatly enhances the
      strength of noninvasive evaluation in cardiac diagnosis and management.

PMID- 4070608
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of ischemic heart disease.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has several attributes important for evaluating
      ischemic heart disease. Internal cardiac anatomy is well delineated owing to
      inherent contrast between the blood pool and the cardiac walls. Using relaxation
      times and signal intensity differences, it is possible to discriminate between
      infarcted (acute and chronic) and normal myocardium. Gated MRI can also be used
      to quantitate regional myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4070609
TI  - Advances in noninvasive evaluation of congenital anomalies of the thoracic aorta.
AB  - Two-dimensional echocardiography, Doppler ultrasound, and magnetic resonance
      imaging (MRI) have greatly enhanced the noninvasive diagnosis of congenital
      anomalies of the thoracic aorta. Both sonic and magnetic resonance techniques can
      obviate preoperative invasive studies, and both provide an excellent means of
      follow-up. Ultrasound will likely remain the most valuable modality in neonates,
      while MRI promises to make an important contribution in older children and
      adults.

PMID- 4070610
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of rerouted pulmonary blood flow.
AB  - Correction of structural defects of the heart associated with cyanotic heart
      disease often requires rerouting of systemic venous return into the pulmonary
      arteries and pulmonary venous return into the ventricles. Preliminary experience
      suggests that magnetic resonance imaging, through its superior depiction of the
      resultant complex anatomy, provides important supplemental information to
      echocardiography. Together, these noninvasive techniques may lessen the present
      need for repeat catheterization in children with surgically corrected cyanotic
      heart disease.

PMID- 4070611
TI  - Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: the Massachusetts General Hospital
      experience.
AB  - The combination of gated cardiac imaging with the magnetic resonance parameters
      of flow void and tissue characterization forms the basis for a powerful
      noninvasive technique for imaging the cardiovascular system. Images constructed
      in planes orthogonal to the axis of the heart allow cardiac structures to be
      reproducibly detected in serial studies and measured. The data acquisition
      techniques used at Massachusetts General Hospital are presented, along with
      examples of their application in a variety of cardiac diseases. Future prospects
      are illustrated with flow-encoded images and with surface coil techniques.

PMID- 4070612
TI  - Diffusion of an innovation: adoption of CT scanners.
AB  - "Diffusion of Innovation" is a marketing theory that predicts the pattern of
      adoption of new products. The characteristics of an innovation and the "diffusion
      stages" of a new product as it moves toward widespread adoption are described.
      Then, the predictions of diffusion theory are compared to the pattern of adoption
      of CT.

PMID- 4070613
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging: the basic physical and clinical concepts. Part III.
AB  - Noninvasive evaluation of the human body has become an essential tool in the
      diagnosis of disease processes. Recent developments in nuclear magnetic resonance
      imaging (MRI) have extended a powerful chemical analytic technique to the medical
      imaging field. This article presents the fundamental principles of MRI in terms
      of the concept of transmission and reception of energy. A selected bibliography
      directs the reader to a more detailed discussion of the pertinent physics.

PMID- 4070614
TI  - Prestige of radiologic technologists: perception of two allied health
      professions.
AB  - Physical and Occupational Therapists in large urban hospitals rated the prestige
      of 13 allied health professions, generally hospital based. Radiologic
      Technologist was ranked 13th by PTs and 12th by OTs. PTs were more negative with
      35% using ratings below "average," while OTs assigned 28%. Only 27% of the PTs
      used ratings above "average," while 33% of the OTs did so. Prestige scores
      derived for Radiologic Technologists placed them among nonprofessionals.

PMID- 4070615
TI  - Indications for the use of high kVp in the plain film examination of the abdomen.

PMID- 4070616
TI  - Computerized record maintenance system for clinical education.

PMID- 4070617
TI  - Lots of crunch: no noise.

PMID- 4070618
TI  - [Determination of free L-triiodothyronine (FT3) in serum. Comparative tests of 2
      FT3 radioimmunoassays].
AB  - A trial of the routine use of two test procedures for the evaluation of free L
      triiodothyronine (FT3) was carried out (1070 patients). The normal values given
      by the manufacturers are not correct with respect to our patient group. In order
      to avoid false hyperthyroid (FT3-Amerlex) or false hypothyroid (FT3-DPC) values,
      the normal spectrum was redetermined for each. Under these conditions, both tests
      could show a definite difference between normal and overfunctioning of the
      thyroid. In substitution therapy with L-thyroxine, the quality of adjustment may
      be assessed according to the FT3 value. An extension of the normal spectrum, as
      for FT4, is not necessary. Since any additional assessment of the carrier protein
      concentration becomes irrelevant, the FT3 test is advisable also for economic
      reasons.

PMID- 4070619
TI  - [Physical and technical bases for the use of magnetic resonance in radiological
      diagnosis].
AB  - This article describes the most important fundamentals of the application of MR
      to radiologic diagnostics--especially with regard to the tomographic measurements
      (MR-T) that, at present, provide many different and interesting clinical results.
      The properties of MR-sensitive nuclei are discussed together with their behavior
      in magnetic fields under the influence of radiofrequency energy. Technical
      problems such as slice definition, encoding and decoding of spatial information
      within the slice by the application of gradient fields, are also presented. This
      is then followed by some aspects of spectroscopic measurements (MR-S), including
      chemical shift and intensity relations within the spectra. Finally the most
      important characteristics of the different tomographic and spectroscopic
      apparatus are described.

PMID- 4070620
TI  - [Modification of the NMR-tomogram by blood flow].
AB  - Blood flow causes alterations of the NMR-Signal. Cross-sections of vessels will
      sometimes be imaged as dark spots, sometimes as highlighted areas. These
      highlightings of the lumen of vessels are often interpreted as caused by
      obstruction. In this paper the mechanisms of signal-intensity alterations as
      caused by blood flow will be described in order to prevent errors in interpreting
      of NMR-Images. The results of flow-measurements with the 0.35 Tesla imaging
      system in Berlin will also be presented. Finally, clinical examples of flow
      influence on images will be discussed.

PMID- 4070621
TI  - [Damage to the heart from tumor irradiation in the thorax--an echocardiographic
      study].
AB  - The authors give a review of 74 patients with radiation-induced heart disease
      which could be easily detected by echocardiography. In almost all of the patients
      a pericardial effusion (P.E.), with relative sinus tachycardia was found 3 to 4
      weeks after onset of radiation and this was transient in some cases. This
      phenomenon was interpreted as an early radiation-induced reaction of the heart. 6
      to 12 months after radiation, late damage of the heart occurred depending on
      field and total radiation dose. This manifested as massive P.E. with changes in
      ECG. Later there was damage to the myocardium caused by coronary sclerosis. The
      tendency to constrictive pericarditis was manifested not earlier than 3 years or
      later after radiation. The authors advise follow up of the irradiated patients
      case by case, checked by echocardiography, especially those who received more
      than 5000 rad to the heart area and therefore have high risk of late heart
      damage.

PMID- 4070622
TI  - [Endoscopic extraction of a tumor prosthesis dislodged into the stomach].
AB  - Endoscopic pertubation of oesophagogastric neoplasms is an established method of
      palliative treatment. The dislocated plastic prosthesis may be removed with
      difficulties from the stomach endoscopically. A simple technique for endoscopic
      removal of the prosthesis is described. The tube can be precisely centred within
      the oesophageal lumen by use of an intestinal decompression tube and additional
      guidance by the endoscopic retraction forceps. Thus gross damage of the exophytic
      tumor tissue with bleeding or perforation sequelae can be avoided. Injury to the
      patient does not exceed that caused by an ordinary gastroscopy.

PMID- 4070624
TI  - Prevention and therapy of osteoporosis.

PMID- 4070623
TI  - Treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in the failing heart: pharmacologic and
      clinical considerations.

PMID- 4070625
TI  - Descriptive epidemiology of primary intracranial neoplasms.

PMID- 4070626
TI  - Neuro-oncology. Proceedings of the Mansell Bequest Symposium on Advances in Neuro
      Oncology. London, October 22-23, 1984.

PMID- 4070627
TI  - Animal models: blood-brain barrier and pharmacology.

PMID- 4070628
TI  - Chemosensitivity testing in the treatment of malignant gliomas.

PMID- 4070629
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies for targeting chemotherapeutic agents.

PMID- 4070630
TI  - Stabilities and characteristics of brain meninges-colonizing murine melanoma
      cells.

PMID- 4070631
TI  - Neurotoxicity of high-dose Ara-C and intracarotid chemotherapy.

PMID- 4070632
TI  - The risk of cerebral radionecrosis in relation to dose, time and fractionation. A
      follow-up study.

PMID- 4070633
TI  - Treatment of malignant epidural cord and cauda equina compression.

PMID- 4070634
TI  - Medical and oncological management of pediatric brain tumors.

PMID- 4070635
TI  - Recent developments in magnetic resonance imaging of CNS tumours.

PMID- 4070636
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies and glioma.

PMID- 4070637
TI  - Diagnosis of cerebral neoplasms using monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 4070638
TI  - Radioimmunolocalisation of cerebral tumours.

PMID- 4070640
TI  - Diagnosis of spinal cord and cauda equina metastases.

PMID- 4070639
TI  - A monoclonal antibody, UJ13A, used for radioimmunolocalisation of neuroblastoma
      in an animal model and patients.

PMID- 4070641
TI  - Sensitization or tolerance to morphine effects after repeated stresses.
AB  - Rats were subjected to prolonged footshock, intensive acoustic stress, cold water
      swim and restraint over a period of 10 days. The analgesic and thermoregulatory
      properties of morphine (2, 4 and 8 mg/kg, sc.) were tested on the 11th day.
      Analgesia assessment was performed by means of hot-plate (HP) and tail-flick (TF)
      tests, and body temperature (Tb) changes was measured. Prolonged footshock and
      acoustic stress increased the sensitivity to morphine, while repeated restraint
      lessened morphine's effect. Cold water swim caused ambiguous consequences,
      facilitated the effect of a small dose of morphine, but reduced that of a large
      dose. It was concluded that the sensory components of the stressful exposure
      determine the effects of repeated stress on morphine sensitivity. Whereas painful
      interventions led to sensitization, and non-painful procedures result in
      tolerance to morphine's effects. The finding that analgesic and thermoregulatory
      effects of morphine were simultaneously enhanced supports the contention that the
      mechanism of sensitization to opiates involves a site where pathways mediating
      opiate analgesia and thermoregulatory effects converge.

PMID- 4070642
TI  - Cardiovascular peripheric effects of a new tricyclic antidepressant, cianopramine
      (Ro 11-2465) in dogs.
AB  - In acute experiments in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital, pressor responses
      produced by the i.v. injection of serotonin, noradrenaline and electric
      stimulation of the sympathetic nerves of the spleen, were registered before the
      i.v. injection of cianopramine (Ro 11-2465), a potent inhibitor of the uptake of
      serotonin into 5-HT neurones. Doses of 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg of the antidepressant did
      not modify the blood pressure, while these produced a more intensive and
      prolonged pressor response during the i.v. injection of serotonin (p less than
      0.05), noradrenaline (p less than 0.001) and stimulation of the splenic nerves (p
      less than 0.005). These effects resulted from the inhibition of the presynaptic
      reuptake of monoamines. The i.v. injection of 1-2 mg/kg of cianopramine produced
      significant hypotension (p less than 0.001) with baroreceptor and serotoninergic
      responses blockade. An induced strong hypertensive dose-dependent effect was
      observed after the i.v. administration of noradrenaline (+82%) and stimulation of
      splenic nerves (+80%). Cianopramine did not affect the hypotension produced by
      carbachol and histamine. The peripheric action of cianopramine showed a higher
      inhibitory effect on the presynaptic reuptake of noradrenaline than on serotonin.

PMID- 4070643
TI  - Depot fluphenazine and plasma prolactin.
AB  - In 14 schizophrenic patients, prolactin levels are studied in relation to dosage
      of depot fluphenazine and gender of patient. Prolactin levels in individual
      patients are similar across injection cycles. For males, the association between
      fluphenazine dosage and prolactin level was found to be significant (Spearman rho
      = .925, p less than .05).

PMID- 4070644
TI  - Nonsuppression of cortisol in depression and immune function.
AB  - Eighteen depressive patients and twenty-five healthy control subjects were
      studied using a comprehensive immunological test system and the dexamethasone
      suppression test (DST) as well as some additional neuroendocrine parameters. In
      addition, immune functions of six of the patients were studied serially three
      times at 1-2 month's intervals. The OKT 4+/8+ ratio (OKT 4+ = helper/inducer
      phenotype; OKT 8+ = suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype) was slightly higher in those
      ten depressive patients showing suppression in the DST than in healthy controls,
      but there were no significant differences between the nonsuppressor and
      suppressor groups or between the nonsuppressor and suppressor groups or between
      nonsuppressors and control subjects. Lymphocyte transformation responses induced
      by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) were similar in the nonsuppressors and suppressors,
      but lower in both groups than in control subjects. The number of Ig-secreting
      cells measured in the absence and presence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) were similar
      in the nonsuppressor and suppressor groups. Four of the depressive patients
      tested repeatedly exhibited an abnormal response in the DST at the beginning of
      the study. During the follow-up period two of them recovered completely from
      depression as well as the patients with a normal suppression in the DST. The
      proportions of T and B lymphocytes and regulatory T lymphocyte subsets as well as
      the functions of T and B lymphocytes of the nonsuppressors and suppressors in the
      DST were within normal ranges before and after recovery from depression and
      comparable to healthy controls in repeated testing. The results indicate that in
      spite of the importance of cortisol in immunoregulation, the increased cortisol
      secretion and typical resistance to dexamethasone suppression in endogenously
      depressive patients is not profoundly and consistently reflected in immune
      functions. Neither does normalization of cortisol responses induce any major
      changes in immune status during a patient's recovery from depression. Previous
      work indicates that suppressed immunity may play an important role in the
      increased morbidity and mortality associated with bereavement. In the light of
      present findings we suggest that endogenous depression differs also in this
      respect from grief reactions.

PMID- 4070645
TI  - Amineptine in the management of the depressive syndromes.
AB  - The antidepressant activity of amineptine was evaluated in 34 patients in a
      double-blind study vs clomipramine. Clinical results, assessed using the Hamilton
      rating scale for depression, failed to show any significant difference in the
      activity of the two drugs. Amineptine was however much better tolerated than
      clomipramine. The antidepressant activity of amineptine was further investigated
      in an open multicenter study carried out in 351 depressed patients. The
      significant reductions in the scores of the Hamilton rating scale for depression
      and the final clinical evaluations (87% favorable results, 69% of which excellent
      or good) confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of amineptine. Tolerance was
      excellent also in elderly, at risk patients.

PMID- 4070646
TI  - [Fish egg polysialoglycoproteins: their unique structural features and
      perspectives in cell biology].

PMID- 4070647
TI  - [How did protoproteins originate?].

PMID- 4070648
TI  - [Primary structures and molecular evolution of pepsinogens].

PMID- 4070649
TI  - [Aging of connective tissue and cross-linking].

PMID- 4070650
TI  - [Application of glycopeptidase to comparative biochemistry of glycoproteins].

PMID- 4070651
TI  - [Why do plant lectins affect animal cells? Saccharide-binding specificity of
      concanavalin A].

PMID- 4070652
TI  - [tRNA and 5S rRNA: molecular basis of their functions and evolution].

PMID- 4070653
TI  - [Relation between structure of eukaryotic messenger RNA and efficiency of protein
      synthesis].

PMID- 4070654
TI  - [Mammal and nitrate].

PMID- 4070655
TI  - [Value of the report of the WHO Expert Committee with regard to the prevention of
      primary hypertension for cardiological practice in Poland].

PMID- 4070656
TI  - [Primary prevention of essential hypertension. Report of the Expert Committee of
      the World Health Organization. I].

PMID- 4070657
TI  - [General principles and organization of the Wroclaw program of the primary
      prevention of coronary disease].

PMID- 4070658
TI  - [Statistical and mathematical elaboration of mass screening for the detection of
      coronary disease risk factors and for evaluation of the results of preventive
      measures in workers at industrial plants in Wroclaw].

PMID- 4070659
TI  - [General characteristics and evaluation of the degree of ischemic heart disease
      risk factors in workers at Wroclaw plants included in the program of primary
      prevention].

PMID- 4070660
TI  - [Incidental arterial pressure in the population of about 7,400 men aged 35-54
      years, workers in Wroclaw industrial plants].

PMID- 4070661
TI  - [Evaluation of ECG curves in 7,207 workers of Wroclaw industrial plants aged 35
      54 years as based on the Minnesota code].

PMID- 4070662
TI  - [Incidence of the smoking habit in the population of men from 8 industrial plants
      in Wroclaw].

PMID- 4070663
TI  - [Body weight in a population of men aged 35-54 from Wroclaw industrial plants].

PMID- 4070664
TI  - [Cholesterol levels in a population of 7,400 men from 8 industrial plants in
      Wroclaw].

PMID- 4070665
TI  - [Triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in a
      population of men aged 35-54 years from 8 industrial plants in Wroclaw].

PMID- 4070666
TI  - [High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in a population of men aged
      35-54 years from 8 industrial plants in Wroclaw].

PMID- 4070667
TI  - [Serum glucose and uric acid levels in men aged 35-54 years employed by
      industrial plants in Wroclaw].

PMID- 4070668
TI  - Radionuclide esophageal and intestinal transit scintigraphy in patients
      undergoing radiation therapy.
AB  - Radiation esophagitis and enteritis are common and significant side effects of
      radiation therapy. Non-invasive assessment of functional and/or anatomic changes
      responsible for the symptoms produced by radiation esophagitis and enteritis has
      been unsatisfactory. This paper demonstrates the value of radionuclide esophageal
      and intestinal transit scintigraphy in patients undergoing mediastinal or
      abdominal radiation.

PMID- 4070669
TI  - Classification of spinal cord vascular malformations.
AB  - Through the aid of developments in the neuroradiological sciences, great
      attention has been given to the diagnosis and treatment of vascular malformations
      of the spinal cord. Some of these are congenital, such as intramedullary vascular
      malformations and arteriovenous fistulae supplied by the spinal cord. Others are
      rather frequent and appear in old age. Due to their poor prognosis when not
      treated, precise determinations and sufficient knowledge are of the utmost
      importance.

PMID- 4070670
TI  - Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy inactivated by antitumor chemotherapy.
AB  - A case of hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPO) associated with carcinoma
      of the lung is reported. HPO in this patient was documented by Tc-99m methylene
      diphosphonate scans over a period of seven months. He was treated solely by
      antitumor chemotherapy, and his HPO was inactivated in three months. Whereas most
      reports refer to surgery, vagotomy, or radiotherapy for the treatment of lung
      carcinoma, this case demonstrates the effect of palliative chemotherapy in
      inactivating HPO in a rather short period of time.

PMID- 4070671
TI  - Localization of therapeutic gelatin emboli using radiolabeling--an experimental
      study.
AB  - Transcatheter embolization has recently gained widespread acceptance in the
      treatment of a variety of conditions. To clarify the localization of therapeutic
      gelatin particles, we have described a simple and safe technique of labeling
      gelatin particles with 99mTc using stannous chloride solution. This technique
      provides satisfactory labeling efficiency and allows excellent scintigraphic
      images of therapeutic gelatin emboli, thus making it possible to clarify the
      localization of the injected embolic material in vivo.

PMID- 4070672
TI  - Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation: radionuclide detection and quantification
      of right-to-left shunting.
AB  - Radionuclide detection and quantification of right-to-left shunting in two
      patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformation and Rendu-Osler-Weber disease
      are described. Radionuclide studies are simple, atraumatic, and clinically useful
      in determining the vascular nature of the lesion and in quantifying the amount of
      right-to-left shunting with reasonable accuracy both before and after operation.

PMID- 4070673
TI  - Incidentally discovered small renal carcinoma: CT and angiography.
AB  - CT and angiographic features of nine incidentally discovered small renal
      adenocarcinomas are reviewed. They were all discovered by CT or US during
      screening procedures or examinations targeting the liver or pancreas. In our
      institute, they constituted 56 percent of renal adenocarcinomas whose diameters
      were 4 cm or less. CT without contrast enhancement detected abnormality in seven
      of the nine, but two were negative or equivocal. Postcontrast CT delineated all
      tumors as relatively low-density areas, since the normal parenchyma of the kidney
      showed intense contrast enhancement. We believe that isodense or nearly isodense
      masses that show relatively low density after contrast are diagnostic of small
      solid renal tumors. Dynamic study with a bolus injection of contrast medium added
      information about the vascularity of the tumors. Angiography revealed
      hypervascularity in only four of the tumors. The rest were avascular or
      hypovascular. Four tumors that were avascular in the AP arteriographic view were
      shown to be hypovascular by a tailored oblique view in which adequate obliquity
      of the angiographic projection was determined by referring to CT, so that the
      tumors would be seen in profile and would not be superimposed on by normal
      parenchyma or vertebral shadows.

PMID- 4070674
TI  - MRI of bone marrow.
AB  - MRI can visualize bone marrow more clearly than X-CT or RI because the bone
      generates weak signals whereas the fat in the marrow gives strong signals. We
      described diagnosis of various bone marrow disorders by MRI technique.
      Hyperplasia of bone marrow decreased fatty cells and resulted in prolongation of
      T1, whereas hypoplasia of bone marrow replaced hematopoietic cells with fatty
      cells and resulted in shortening of T1. In aplastic anemia, the localized
      hyperplastic areas in abnormal fatty marrow can be visualized. In bone tumor and
      metastasis to bone marrow, T1-weighted IR image can provide the best contrast
      between the tumor and normal marrow, although neoplastic and inflammatory lesions
      can not be differentiated by MRI. In iron storage diseases, MRI can detect early
      changes by its higher sensitivity to iron than that of X-CT. MRI may be usefull
      in monitoring bone marrow damages noninvasively to patients under radiation
      and/or anticancer drug therapy.

PMID- 4070675
TI  - Radiation treatment of varicoid carcinoma: a case report.
AB  - The authors describe a 70-year-old male who was found to have varicoid carcinoma
      of the esophagus. He was treated with combined external irradiation and
      intracavitary irradiation; however, the cancer was not locally controlled.

PMID- 4070676
TI  - Gadolinium-DTPA: a new contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - Gd-DTPA-dimeglumine is a new contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. Its
      safety and efficacy in man were evaluated in 20 volunteers and 60 patients. For
      determination of tolerance of Gd-DTPA, blood and urine samples were taken and
      blood pressure, pulse rate, and ECG were recorded before and after injection. The
      results of these analyses showed no clinically relevant changes. In MR imaging of
      intracranial lesions Gd-DTPA serves as an indicator of function or disfunction of
      the blood-brain-barrier, because its pharmacokinetic behavior is very similar to
      that of urographic iodinated contrast media used now for X-ray CT. And so by
      using Gd-DTPA it is possible to differentiate between neoplastic tissue and
      perifocal edema, to determine the extension of tumor infiltration, and to detect
      tumor recurrence.

PMID- 4070677
TI  - Treatment of bladder tumors by iridium 192 implantation. The Creteil technique.
AB  - The technique and results of a treatment protocol for bladder cancer combining
      low dose pre-operative external beam irradiation followed by external iliac nodal
      dissection, limited partial cystectomy and curietherapy with iridium 192 are
      described. In 55 patients treated from 1971 to 1979, 37/45 (67%) are alive NED at
      5 years--23/31 pT1, 10/14 pT2, 4/10 pT3--with 9/55 bladder recurrences at 5 years
      -7/31 pT1, 1/14 pT2, 1/10 pT3. Only two patients (total cystectomy) have not
      retained a functional bladder. These favorable results have been obtained in a
      carefully selected population; our indications for the technique being T1, T2,
      T3a tumors with a total surface area not exceeding 5 cm, not involving the
      bladder neck and unifocal or in some cases plurifocal, but closely grouped. The
      advantages and precise details of each stage of the technique will be described
      and compared with large series in which radium 226 is utilized and results of
      curietherapy will be compared with other modalities of treatment employed under
      similar circumstances for similar patient groups. We feel that curietherapy has
      certain advantages over other methods in the treatment of bladder cancer and that
      an afterloading technique employing iridium 192 wires permits the curietherapy to
      proceed under optimal conditions, allowing combination with partial cystectomy,
      optimal placement of sources, precise radiographic control and dosimetry, dose
      reduction in many cases, optimal conditions of radioprotection and widening of
      the indications for the technique.

PMID- 4070678
TI  - The treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule with interstitial
      iridium implantation.
AB  - From April 1981 to April 1984, 22 patients, all male, with a squamous cell
      carcinoma of the nasal vestibule were treated in the Rotterdam Radio-Therapeutic
      Institute with an interstitial iridium implantation alone or with a combination
      of external radiation and an interstitial iridium implantation. Median follow-up
      time was 26 months. One patient with a very large undifferentiated tumour
      developed local recurrences and regional metastases as well. No other patient had
      a local recurrence, regional or distant metastasis. Complications were only
      minor.

PMID- 4070679
TI  - Application of the linear-quadratic-concept for prediction of late complications
      after combined irradiation of the uterine cervix.
AB  - Examining the applicability of the linear-quadratic (LQ) concept for prediction
      of late rectum and rectosigmoid complications due to combined irradiation of the
      uterine cervix, it appears that an agreement between clinical experiences and the
      LQ-based tolerance model can be achieved when relative high tolerance dose values
      for the separate irradiation techniques are assumed: 70 Gy in 28 fractions for
      the fractionated irradiation, 70 Gy in 6 days for the continuous irradiation.
      These tolerance values are derived by assuming a value of 2.5 for the biological
      parameter a1/a2 (or alpha/beta) as suggested by the LQ-model to be a good
      approximation for studies of late effects. This investigation shows how
      fractional tolerance values can be derived for the continuous and fractionated
      irradiation components. From a simple addition of these values, the total
      biological effectiveness of a combined irradiation treatment can be determined.
      This provides a model based on radiobiological parameters for comparison of
      different treatment schedules, and for dose-adjustments to be made in individual
      treatments. Especially in cases where the introduction of new afterloading
      techniques is accompanied by changes in dose rate of the intracavitary
      irradiation, the LQ-model offers a possibility to prevent mistakes in dosage of
      critical organs.

PMID- 4070680
TI  - Effects of single doses of X-rays on renal function in unilaterally irradiated
      pigs.
AB  - The right kidney of 13 Large White female pigs was irradiated with single doses
      of 250 kV X-rays in the range 7-12.6 Gy. Sequential measurements of individual
      kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF)
      were carried out by means of 99mTc-DTPA and 131I-hippuran renography for periods
      up to 24 weeks after irradiation. GFR levels increased in irradiated and
      unirradiated contralateral kidneys 2 weeks after treatment compared with age
      matched controls. ERPF values exhibited a small increase in a proportion of
      animals. Renal function then declined in irradiated kidneys in a dose-dependent
      manner. A dose of 7 Gy resulted in a decline followed by subsequent recovery.
      After doses of greater than or equal to 8.8 Gy GFR and ERPF declined rapidly,
      reaching minimal levels by 6-12 weeks, the time depending on the dose. The
      reduction in ERPF was quantitatively greater than that for GFR. In animals
      receiving greater than 8.8 Gy the irradiated kidney contributed in the order of
      only 10% of the total ERPF. The reduction in GFR resulted in a prompt functional
      compensatory response in GFR in the unirradiated contralateral kidney. In terms
      of ERPF, a compensatory response was not evident until weeks 20-24. The results
      indicated that the radiation tolerance dose of the pig kidney following
      unilateral irradiation with single doses of X-rays was approximately 8 Gy.

PMID- 4070681
TI  - Metastasis and the excision of irradiated LMCI tumours in the rat.
AB  - Lymph node metastases occurring within 150 days of local non-curative irradiation
      and excision of a transplantable mammary adenocarcinoma (LMCI) have been scored
      and their growth measured in isogeneic rats. Single doses (5-40 Gy) of 60Co gamma
      rays were given to the primary at 8-10 mm diameter and these were excised either
      immediately or up to 30 days later. From the results it is concluded that
      approximately half of all rats have occult dissemination at the time of
      irradiation. Only these form metastases after the early excision of 10-40 Gy
      treated tumours but the number of positive sites per animal is significantly
      reduced. Delayed excision of the irradiated primary permits the further seeding
      of metastases and, with its regrowth, the incidence of positive rats and the mean
      number of metastases per animal is restored to that observed after control
      surgery. This process was dependent on the radiation-induced delay in growth of
      the primary tumour. However, all metastases, irrespective of site, radiation
      dose, and time of primary tumour excision showed a growth rate characteristic of
      the untreated LMCI tumour. No evidence was obtained for an enhancement in the
      dissemination of metastatic cells from the irradiated but regrowing primary
      tumour. However, an alteration in the pathways of lymphatic dissemination leading
      to an increased number of metastases seeding the mediastinum and abdominal lymph
      nodes may have occurred.

PMID- 4070682
TI  - Relative biological effectiveness of 125I in the induction of micronuclei in
      human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
AB  - The RBE for 125I relative to 30 keV X-rays, 4 MeV X-rays and 137Cs gamma rays was
      determined using the induction of micronuclei in human lymphocytes as the
      biological test system. The 125I photons were as effective as the 30 keV X-rays.
      If a micronuclei count of 50 per 1500 cells is used as the endpoint, the RBE for
      125I was found to be about 1.8 and 1.6 when 4 MeV X-rays and 137Cs gamma rays
      were used as the reference radiation, respectively.

PMID- 4070683
TI  - The computer analysis of interstitial implants in radiotherapy.
AB  - The use of computer techniques in the analysis of needle implants in Radiotherapy
      treatment is assessed from the point of view of the end user. The specification
      of a routine approach to the analysis is developed so that consistent assessments
      of implants will be possible to permit the accumulation of dosimetry data for
      correlation with clinical outcome. The protocol, in summary, consists of the
      identification of the plane in which the implant lies and of the presentation of
      dose rate information in the form of standardised isodose contours through three
      transverse slices at right angles to the "plane of lie". These transverse slices
      have been selected at the averaged centre of the sources (the "central plane" of
      Pierquin et al. [14] and at 5 mm distance from the averaged proximal and distal
      active ends of the sources. The isodose contours chosen for presentation include
      two "reference dose" contours representing 85 and 127% of the minimum dose rate
      found in the central plane for prescription calculation purposes and a limited
      set of standard contours for assessment of homogeneity of dose rate and for
      comparative purposes. A minimum number of subsidiary display planes may be used
      to characterise the implant when necessary, a lateral plane commonly proving
      useful. The position of the chosen sections may with value be shown on the X-ray
      films. A method of orientating the display with respect to anatomical structures
      by super-imposing on the isodose display a frame-like projection whose sides
      relate to anatomical landmarks is demonstrated. The future extension of the
      analysis to a fully automated approach is discussed.

PMID- 4070684
TI  - Dosimetry of anterior chest treatment by 10 MV X-rays using a tissue compensating
      filter.
AB  - The dose uniformity of anterior chest treatments resulting from a missing tissue
      compensating filter has been studied. Patient dosimetry with 10 MV X-rays was
      simulated using film, an ionization chamber, and thermoluminescent dosimetry
      (TLD). The results show that the compensating filter greatly improved the dose
      uniformity of a homogeneous phantom. However, the improvement for an
      inhomogeneous phantom and for patients was found to be less impressive. When
      using the filter, the increase in surface dose was found to be clinically
      insignificant.

PMID- 4070685
TI  - Metorphamide, a C-terminally amidated opioid peptide, in human adrenal and human
      phaeochromocytoma.
AB  - There appears to be only one possible site for the production of an amidated
      peptide in the human proenkephalin sequence; this will give rise to the peptide
      named metorphamide. Since amidation of peptides is commonly an activation step in
      the synthesis of regulatory peptides, we have examined the levels and form of
      immunoreactivity to metorphamide in human post-mortem adrenal and
      phaeochromocytoma extracts. In three out of four post-mortem adrenal extracts,
      and in each of the two phaeochromocytoma extracts examined, there was 3-4 times
      more immunoreactivity to the carboxy-terminus of pro-enkephalin, Met
      enkephalin(Arg6,Phe7), than to metorphamide. The metorphamide immunoreactivity
      was shown in each extract to measure only the amidated octapeptide according to
      gel exclusion and reverse-phase chromatography data. The implications for
      processing of proenkephalin in human adrenal are indicated.

PMID- 4070686
TI  - Gastric and intestinal release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the milk
      fed lamb.
AB  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has been proposed as the neurotransmitter
      of the atropine-resistant relaxation of gastric structures in the lamb. To
      examine this proposal VIP concentrations in plasma from arterial, gastric venous
      and intestinal venous blood were measured in healthy conscious lambs before,
      during and after teasing with, and sucking of milk. Basal arterial plasma VIP
      concentrations were undetectable (less than 3 pmol/l) and remained so during and
      after feeding. Before feeding VIP was detected in only 2 of 12 gastric venous
      plasma samples (5 and 13 pmol/l). During teasing with food there were increments
      in VIP of 19 +/- 4 pmol/l and during feeding of 27 +/- 5 pmol/l. VIP
      concentration in gastric venous plasma rapidly returned to fasting levels after
      cessation of sucking. In contrast VIP in the intestinal venous plasma did not
      rise during teasing or upon commencement of sucking but a peak increment of 34 +/
      6 pmol/l occurred at 5 min after cessation of feeding. The results are
      consistent with the hypotheses that VIP is released in anticipation of and during
      sucking from inhibitory neurones involved in relaxation of gastric structures and
      that intestinal release of VIP is a consequence of entry of digesta into the
      small intestine.

PMID- 4070687
TI  - The subcellular distribution of peptides immunoreactive for the amino-terminal of
      pro-cholecystokinin in rat brain.
AB  - Antiserum 1942 raised against the synthetic peptide V-9-M is specific for the
      amino-terminus of pro-cholecystokinin (pro-CCK). It detects three major peptides
      in whole rat brain extracts with molecular weights of about 13 000 (peak 1), 8000
      (peak 2) and 2700 (peak 3), of which the major one is peak 3. Rat brain was found
      to contain large quantities of these V-9-M-like peptides. Subcellular
      fractionation of whole rat brain was performed to determine what cellular
      component was enriched in these peptides. The molecular weight of the V-9-M-like
      and CCK-8-like peptides enriched in various subcellular fractions has been
      determined by Sephadex G-50 chromatography. Primary subcellular fractionation
      experiments indicated a significant enrichment of V-9-M-like peptides in the
      mitochondrial pellet (P2), a lesser amount in the microsomal pellet (P3), and a
      slight enrichment in the soluble fraction (S3). Further purification of the P2
      fraction demonstrated an increase of V-9-M-like immunoreactivity in purified
      synaptosomes. With the exception of the enrichment in the soluble fraction, V-9-M
      like peptides follow a similar distribution to that of CCK-8-like peptides.
      Sephadex chromatography of P2 and P3 fractions indicates that the major form of V
      9-M present is the peak 3 (2700) form. This V-9-M-like peptide may represent an
      intermediate in the processing of CCK, and its presence in synaptosomes may
      indicate that the proteolytic cleavage of pro-CCK into CCK 58 and peak 3 takes
      place in synaptic vesicles.

PMID- 4070688
TI  - The effect of vagotomy on the increase in food intake induced by the
      cholecystokinin antagonist, proglumide.
AB  - Cholecystokinin, secreted when ingested food enters the duodenum, may act as a
      satiety factor. Injection of proglumide, a specific antagonist of
      cholecystokinin, induced an increase in food intake. The satiety effect of
      administered cholecystokinin is abolished by bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy.
      If endogenous and exogenous cholecystokinin act via the same mechanism, then
      vagotomy should abolish the proglumide-induced increase in food intake.
      Proglumide was used to block the satiety effect of a food preload in sham
      operated and vagotomized rats. Proglumide induced an increase in food intake in
      sham-operated rats confirming earlier results. No change in meal size was
      observed in vagotomized rats following proglumide injection. These results
      suggest that vagotomy abolishes the effect of endogenous cholecystokinin on food
      intake. However, evidence of dumping in vagotomized rats prevents the
      interpretation of the data as a direct vagal involvement in endogenous CCK
      induced satiety.

PMID- 4070689
TI  - [Receptor macroautoradiography of 3H-spiroperidol binding in the rat brain].
AB  - The kinetic and pharmacological characteristics of 3H-spiroperidol binding sites
      were studied in slide mounted sections of rat forebrain, and optical binding
      conditions were defined. Using the receptor macroautoradiographic techniques with
      tritium-sensitive LKB sheet film, the distribution of dopamine (D2) receptor was
      determined in slices including striatum of rat brain. The autoradiograms were
      analyzed using Video Digitizer System combined with video camera and
      minicomputer, and the subtraction images were obtained. These studies suggest
      that this quantitative receptor macroautoradiography might be useful in the
      explanation of etiology in the field of neuro-psychiatric diseases and the
      fundamental studies of positron emission computed tomography, since this method
      has several advantages over in vivo autoradiography and in vitro receptor assay.

PMID- 4070690
TI  - [The determination and variations of the parathyroid hormone in the blood of
      normal subjects and hemodialyzed patients with renal insufficiency].

PMID- 4070691
TI  - Renogram study using 99mTc-methylene-diphosphonate.

PMID- 4070692
TI  - Determination of mercury by radiochemical displacement method.
AB  - A radiochemical displacement method for the determination of micro amounts of
      Hg(II) has been developed. 65Zn was displaced from the Zn-1-(2-pyridylazo-2
      naphthol) complex at pH 5 in borate buffers by Hg (II). 10-80 micrograms of
      mercury could be determined. Interference of various metal ions and methods for
      suppression have also been carried out.

PMID- 4070693
TI  - [The concentration of 131I in the thyroid glands of domestic animals].
AB  - Iodine-131 concentrations in thyroid glands of cows, oxen and swine carried in
      the Yokohama slauterhouse were measured. The gamma-ray spectral analysis was done
      with a Ge(Li) detecter. It is considered that 131I in thyroid glands of domestic
      animals resulted from Chinese open-air nuclear tests and radioactive materials
      used at medical facilities. It is presumed that 131I from medical facilities was
      taken in swine thyroid glands from the leaving of meals of patients.

PMID- 4070694
TI  - [Cholescintigraphic study on the function of the sphincter of Oddi in patients
      with gallstone diseases].

PMID- 4070695
TI  - [The 6th Quality Control Survey for Radioisotope in vitro Tests in Japan, 1984.
      (I). Subcommittee for Radioisotope in vitro Test, Medical and Pharmaceutical
      Committee; Japan Radioisotope Association].

PMID- 4070696
TI  - [Intra-arterial digital angiography of the liver and portal system].
AB  - Twenty-seven patients were evaluated by intra-arterial digital subtraction
      angiography: 20 for portal hypertension--6 also after a porto-systemic shunt--, 4
      for evaluation of a hepatic mass and 3 for pancreatic or biliary tumours. Intra
      arterial DSA has always shown vascular abnormalities. The advantage of intra
      arterial DSA are reduction of the required amount of contrast medium and,
      consequent, reduction of the frequency of contrast medium reactions. Its
      disadvantages are limited field size of image intensifier and reduced spatial
      resolution as compared with conventional angiography. However diagnosis had never
      been affected by this limitation.

PMID- 4070697
TI  - [Digital panangiography. Possibilities of digital angiography in estimating
      multifocal atheromatous vascular diseases].
AB  - Results obtained on 431 patients studied during thirty months (February '83-June
      '85) with DSA-whole body angiography are reported. On the basis of statistic
      evaluation, PAN-DSA certainly appears the best choice, especially with combined
      use of 150 mgI/ml and 300 mgI/ml contrast medium. A highly significant incidence
      of athero-sclerotic lesions found on target-territories, even in the presence of
      monofocal symptoms, suggests global radiological study (PAN-DSA) as indicated
      whenever diffuse vascular pathology is suspected.

PMID- 4070698
TI  - [Xeroangiography. Technical principals and applied developments].
AB  - The physical patterns ruling the information of a xeroradiographic image allow
      the visualization of the arterial system with a lower concentration of contrast
      medium. So you can visualize the arterial branches both with intravenous
      injection of the usual angiographic concentration of contrast medium or with
      intraarterial injection of diluted contrast medium at a very low concentration. A
      prerequisite to successful xeroangiography was the commercial diffusion of a
      changer for xerox cassettes allowing several exposures according to standardized
      programs.

PMID- 4070699
TI  - [The value of computed tomography in the study of torsion of the lower limbs].
AB  - The CT features of 21 patients with various lower limbs torsional aberrations are
      presented. In each of them CT measurements of the different torsional angles of
      the entire limb are carried out using an accurate method. CT proves very useful
      for a whole and comparative torsional study of lower limbs.

PMID- 4070700
TI  - [Ultrasonography and computerized tomography in the determination of the femoral
      angle of anteversion. Experimental and clinical comparative study].
AB  - A comparative study of the femoral neck anteversion angle as determined by
      ultrasonography and CT was conducted on 40 unpaired dry bone specimens and 5
      normal subjects. Since ultrasound cannot penetrate bone, the anterior surface
      femoral neck orientation was determined and correlated well (r = 0,95) with the
      corresponding measurements as imaged by CT. However, a weaker correlation (=
      0,76) existed between it and the true femoral neck axis, as measured on CT
      display. The latter is a function of the posterior surface femoral neck
      orientation as well, since the two femoral surface are rarely parallel, but
      converge at the femoral shaft. It is concluded that the ultrasonographic modality
      will overestimate the true femoral neck anteversion beyond the 5-degree error
      acceptable for clinical purposes.

PMID- 4070701
TI  - [Abdominal ultrasonography in the staging and follow-up of malignant lymphomas].
AB  - During the period September 1980-June 1984, abdominal US was performed by the
      authors on 103 patients with confirmed malignant lymphomas. The results indicate
      US has accuracy comparable to that of lymphography for lymph node enlargement;
      furthermore, US has the added advantages of being able to demonstrate mesenteric,
      renal hilar and other abdominal lymph nodes that are not commonly filled with
      contrast medium during lymphography. For these reasons, US is now frequently used
      in the diagnosis and staging of malignant lymphomas as well as for following up
      the results of therapy.(US = ultrasonography)

PMID- 4070702
TI  - [Rigid phantom dosimetry of brachytherapy sources, with special reference to 125
      I].
AB  - At present, the brachytherapy dosimetry requires the highest level of accuracy in
      determining the physical parameters of many different radiation sources.
      Brachytherapy sources differ not only in the nucleus (widely ranging between 30
      keV and 1 MeV), but also in the strength and geometrical and filtration
      characteristics. This work reports the brachytherapy dosimetry carried out in a
      rigid perspex phantom which allows measurements by means of solid state
      dosimeters (TLD, semiconductor), ionization chamber and film. Film densities were
      measured by means of a computerized Perkin-Elmer 1010G microdensitometer, with a
      spatial resolution of 50 microns. The isodensity lines were dose calibrated by
      TLD measurements. The dosimetry of the 125I, 192Ir and 198Au sources is reported.
      The dose distributions of the low energy 125I source, in two different tissues
      (muscle and adipose) were studied, by means of laboratory built tissue-equivalent
      sections of the phantoms. The experimental data suggest that this dosimetric
      procedure is suitable for intercomparison measurements between different
      radiotherapy centers using the same nuclides in different sources.

PMID- 4070703
TI  - [Radiological aspects and results of percutaneous ultrasonic nephrolithotripsy].
AB  - Percutaneous removal of renal stones is becoming an established procedure,
      especially for stones lying free in the renal pelvis. These techniques, which
      include: retrograde pyelography to facilitate a thorough understanding of
      caliceal anatomy and stone position in 3 dimensions; approaches for accurate
      placement of a nephrostomy tract for straightline access to the stone and stone
      removal are discussed.

PMID- 4070704
TI  - [Mauclaire's disease: isolated juvenile osteochondrosis of ossification nuclei
      from the metacarpal head. Contribution of a case and review of the literature].
AB  - A very rare case of isolated juvenile osteochondroses of epiphyseal metacarpal
      head nuclei is reported (Mauclaire's disease).

PMID- 4070705
TI  - [Diffuse xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Presentation of a case of unusual
      development].

PMID- 4070706
TI  - [Enteritis caused by Strongyloides stercoralis].

PMID- 4070707
TI  - [A rare case of traumatic intrapericardial diaphragmatic hernia].

PMID- 4070708
TI  - [Bupivacaine 0.75% versus 0.5% for peridural anesthesia. Sensory and motor
      blockade].
AB  - This study was designed to investigate under controlled conditions sensory and
      motor blockade provided by epidural anaesthesia following two concentrations of
      bupivacaine without adrenaline. Twenty four patients received for extracorporeal
      shock wave lithotripsy a lumbar continuous epidural anaesthesia randomized with
      bupivacaine 0.75% (n = 12) or 0.5% (n = 12). During development and regression,
      sensory blockade was determined by the pinprick method, motor blockade by the
      Bromage score. All differences between the two concentrations--even though not
      all statistically significant--spoke in favour of bupivacaine 0.75%: shorter time
      of onset, more cephalad spread, higher intensity and longer duration of sensory
      and motor blockade. The higher concentration should be injected more slowly due
      to the increased risk if intravascular injection should occur; it should not be
      used for cesarean section.

PMID- 4070709
TI  - [Remarks on the work of K.-W. Fritz et al. A Clinical study of circulatory
      reactions and pharmacokinetics following peridural anesthesia with bupivacaine
      0.75%].

PMID- 4070710
TI  - [Remarks on the work of J. Postel and P. Marz. Electric nerve localization and
      catheter technic].

PMID- 4070711
TI  - [Remarks on the work of B. Bachmann and J. Biscoping. Plasma levels of
      bupivacaine following an erroneous intravascular injection with a peridural
      catheter].

PMID- 4070712
TI  - [Urographic signs in acute non-complicated pyelonephritis].

PMID- 4070713
TI  - [Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis: Sweet's syndrome. Presentation of a case
      and review of the literature].

PMID- 4070714
TI  - [Anemia due to bone marrow block as the initial manifestation of a carcinoma of
      the renal pelvis].

PMID- 4070715
TI  - [Adipsic hypernatremia: apropos of a case].

PMID- 4070716
TI  - [Sjogren's syndrome and membranous glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 4070717
TI  - [Periodic hemoptysis in bronchial carcinoid tumor].

PMID- 4070718
TI  - [Endocarditis caused by Corynebacterium sp].

PMID- 4070719
TI  - [Alkaptonuria-ochronosis. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 4070720
TI  - [Permanent remission of a macroprolactinoma after treatment with bromocriptine].

PMID- 4070721
TI  - [Osteoblastic metastasis caused by carcinoid tumor].

PMID- 4070722
TI  - [Necrotizing fasciitis].

PMID- 4070723
TI  - [Interictal EEG activity specific for a particular variety of temporal epilepsy.
      Epileptic temporal theta rhythm].
AB  - The authors stress the importance of a local theta-rhythm first described by
      Chatrian in 1953 and largely neglected by clinical electroencephalographers. This
      rhythm is constituted of waves at 3-5 c/sec; it is localised on the anterior
      temporal region in one hemisphere and has the same value as isolated temporal
      spikes or spike-waves for the diagnosis of temporal epilepsy. It furthermore
      presents the advantage of being specific for a particular form of temporal
      epilepsy of precocious appearance subsequent to a sclerosis of the anterior
      median temporal cortex acquired at birth or in early childhood.

PMID- 4070724
TI  - [Methods of stimulation in visual electrophysiology].
AB  - After introducing physical and physiological stimulation parameters, the authors
      present different techniques and discuss their clinical usefulness for the
      investigation of the visual system: flashes: chiefly 'ganzfeld' stimulators
      (whole field or local stimulation). A solution using optic fibres incorporated in
      a sclero-corneal electrode built in our laboratory is presented; patterns: bars
      or chekerboards, especially on TV screens. Advantages and inconveniences of video
      images are discussed; other techniques: essentially endocular laser interference
      fringes, electrical stimulations, high level flashes for ERP and binocular
      studies, particularly dynamic random dot pattern EVP. In conclusion, the
      necessity for the careful control of stimulation characteristics and for a
      strategy suitable for clinical examination is discussed.

PMID- 4070725
TI  - [Sequential spatial maps of visual potentials evoked by checkerboard-pattern
      reversal: effect of the retinal field stimulated on response topography].
AB  - Sequential color maps of visual potentials evoked by the reversal of various
      checkerboard patterns were recorded in 10 young adults using a 16 channel
      montage. It was found that each of the components of the N75-P100-N145 occipital
      complex had a specific spatial distribution on the scalp and was selectively
      influenced by the size, the spatial frequency, the luminance and possibly the
      wave length of the stimulus. Component N75 was found to be elicited by the more
      peripheral area of the TV stimulus (12 degrees X 16 degrees). Component P100 was
      associated with a frontal negativity of similar latency favoring the hypothesis
      of a dipolar occipital generator. With half-field stimulations the dipole
      orientation was modified, leading to a 'paradoxical' lateralization of P100 in
      most cases. However the reverse situation (P100 contralateral to the stimulated
      half-field) was observed in 4 and 3 subjects out of 10 with left and right half
      field stimulations respectively. Thus VEP to full-field TV pattern reversal
      cannot be recommended to investigate hemianopic patients. Component N145 was of
      maximal amplitude when elicited by the reversal of small foveal patterns (2.18
      degrees), especially red light emitting diodes.

PMID- 4070726
TI  - [EEG mapping during a visuo-spatial task. Averaged maps and group statistics].
AB  - Twenty young volunteers (10 men, 10 women), righthanded, students, have been
      recorded in EEG cartography in different situations. We have compared the
      quantified EEGs when the subjects were resting, eyes closed and later, eyes
      opened, looking at a cartoon. The EEGs were quantified by spectral Fourier
      analysis and submitted to data reduction. Ten spectral parameters were computed,
      yielding 51 variables allowing computations and drawings of 90 EEG maps. Mean
      parameters, mean variables, averaged EEG maps have been computed for the entire
      group, between sub-groups, between hemispheres. Non-parametric permutation Fisher
      tests have been applied for statistical comparisons and statistical validations
      of the EEG maps computed between subjects. The activation of EEG tracings
      produced by the opening of the eyes were caracterized topographically by: mean
      alpha frequencies increased over temporal and rolandic areas; mean alpha
      amplitudes in microV divided by a factor 3 for occipital areas but unchanged in
      topography; mean relative amplitudes divided by a factor 2 but with a topography
      being more parietal than occipital for the alpha rhythm; a resonance coefficient
      greater over the left parietal than the right (alpha more regular), whereas it
      was greater over the right occipital than the left during the resting condition.
      Statistically for the whole group, the left hemisphere, recorded after the right,
      is more 'activated' in the eyes closed situation. During visual attention, the
      left hemisphere is less activated than the right.

PMID- 4070727
TI  - [Comparative study of the nociceptive reflex and late components of the evoked
      somatosensory potential during stimulation of the sural nerve in healthy
      subjects].
AB  - A study was carried out with 10 normal volunteers in order to find a correlation
      between nociceptive flexion reflexes from the biceps femoris muscle and the
      amplitude of the late component (N150-P220) of the vertex evoked potential
      elicited by sural nerve stimulations at various intensities randomly delivered.
      The range of stimulus varied from the perception threshold (usually 1 mA) to 2
      times the reflex threshold. This latter parameter was usually found between 8 and
      11 mA. While the nociceptive flexion reflex increased linearly as a function of
      stimulation intensity, the amplitude of N150-P220 was maximum at pain threshold
      and remained in plateau at this level or even slightly decreased as a function of
      stimulus intensity. No significant correlation was found between the recruitment
      curve of the nociceptive reflex and that of the late component of the evoked
      potential as a function of stimulus intensity. Functional implications of these
      data are discussed.

PMID- 4070728
TI  - [Study of early somatosensory evoked potentials by stimulation of the median
      nerve at the wrist in 6 patients with unilateral thalamic lesions].
AB  - Somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded at Erb's point, over the cervical
      spine (C7) and over the cortex: parietal and frontal electrodes were
      contralateral and ipsilateral to the stimulus which was applied on the median
      nerve at the wrist. The stimulation was performed on 2 control groups, the first
      consisting of 10 subjects (average age: 33.6 years), the second of 16 subjects
      (average age: 66.2 years) and on 6 patients presenting unilateral thalamic
      lesions. These lesions were circumscribed, ischaemic or haemorrhagic and were
      visualized by a scanner. In 5 of our patients, a diffusion of the P14 wave with
      normal latency and a delay in the N20 cortical wave was obtained at the parietal
      electrode contralateral to the stimulus and homolateral to the lesion. Normal
      latencies were observed for the diffusion of the N18 wave recorded at the frontal
      electrode contralateral to the stimulus. In the 6th patient, the evoked
      potentials were normal. The results of the somatosensory evoked potentials
      observed in our patients are discussed in the context of the anatomical lesions.

PMID- 4070729
TI  - [Value of studying spinal evoked potentials in patients with thoracolumbar spinal
      cord lesions].
AB  - 31 control subjects and 14 patients with dorso-lumbar spinal cord lesions were
      studied using the spEP (spinal evoked response). The presented responses were
      recorded by subcutaneous needle electrodes following stimulation of the peroneal
      nerve. Results from control subjects are presented first (triphasic negative
      potential, latency increasing with level of recording). The 14 patients were
      grouped according to their clinical symptoms. The prognostic value of the spEP
      response was considered. Results were as follow: flaccid paraplegia with no motor
      response to stimulation: no spEP was recorded; complete anatomoclinical
      paraplegia: the spEP was normal caudal to the lesion and negative rostral to the
      lesion; complete paraplegia with minor anatomical lesions: prognosis was good
      when spEP rostral to the lesion was recorded and poor when no response was
      detected; motor paraplegia: the spEPs rostral and caudal to the lesion were
      normal. In all cases, the levels of the lesions were in accordance with the upper
      level at which changes in spEPs were observed.

PMID- 4070730
TI  - [Herpetic encephalitis: prognostic elements in adults and children (49 cases)].
AB  - In 49 cases (26 children, 23 adults) of proven Herpes simplex encephalitis, the
      authors studied the influence of age, disturbances of consciousness, time of
      diagnosis and therapy on patients' outcome, as well as the prognostic value of
      EEG data. Mortality was low in late childhood and young adulthood in spite of the
      constancy and depth of coma; it was very high in newborns and adults over 40
      years of age and it was always correlated with the severeness of initial
      consciousness disturbances. The onset of periodic complexes (in 65% of the
      children and 78% of adults on the first EEG) does not systematically imply a poor
      outcome. Correlations between these EEG patterns and bioptic or surgical data
      tend to prove that these periodic complexes are already present in a prenecrotic
      state. Reversibility may be complete. On the other hand, the association between
      a contralateral focus or diffusion of initial abnormalities and an early coma
      imply a poor prognosis (12 deaths and 2 major sequellae in 14 cases). The
      importance of early presumptive diagnosis and therapeutical onset is stressed.
      The only cases of complete recovery are found among young adults treated early
      (surgery for older cases) thanks to an initial typical EEG. In young children,
      first clinical symptoms are often not evocative. Great importance should be
      attached to the onset of partial seizures and interictal loss of consciousness in
      a feverish child (24 out of 26 cases). Antiviral therapy should be started as
      soon as a Herpes simplex encephalitis is suspected, since the new antiviral drugs
      have a relatively low toxicity and do not interfere with the immunological
      diagnosis.

PMID- 4070731
TI  - [Improvement in evoked vestibular responses by tubular vision].
AB  - Numerous factors can influence evoked or spontaneous nystagmus. In this study,
      the influence of reducing the visual field to a peripheral field of 18 degrees
      40' was investigated in 15 subjects with normal vision. In order to reproduce the
      conditions of photoelectric recording with Torok's glasses, a tube was placed in
      front of one eye while the other eye was covered. This resulted in the
      enhancement of the evoked vestibular and optovestibular responses and the
      reduction of the subjective sensations of the subject, suggesting that the
      tubular vision might be helpful for the study of cinetosis. Our study also showed
      two culminating points and two critical phases in caloric nystagmus.

PMID- 4070732
TI  - [Non-invasive diagnosis of spontaneous and accidental biliary fistulas. Apropos
      of 5 cases].

PMID- 4070733
TI  - [Acute mesenteric ischemia: a severe problem in digestive pathology].

PMID- 4070734
TI  - [The nicotinic acid and rifampicin tests in Gilbert's syndrome].

PMID- 4070735
TI  - [Use of the Chiba needle in the analgesic treatment of cancer of the pancreas].

PMID- 4070736
TI  - [Continent ileostomy].

PMID- 4070737
TI  - [Usefulness of a postoperative antibiotic following appendectomy: a randomized
      prospective study].

PMID- 4070738
TI  - [Duodenectomy as a treatment of duodenal villous tumor].

PMID- 4070739
TI  - [Intestinal invagination in the adult, secondary to a primary intestinal Burkitt
      type lymphoma. Presentation of a case].

PMID- 4070740
TI  - [Serous cyst of the spleen].

PMID- 4070741
TI  - [Vesicular agenesis. Report of 2 cases].

PMID- 4070742
TI  - [Applications of endoscopy in cancer of the esophagus].

PMID- 4070743
TI  - [Comparative study of the structural changes of the functioning small intestine
      and the weight curve after extensive resection with and without preservation of
      the isolated segment].

PMID- 4070744
TI  - [Carcinoma of the gallbladder].

PMID- 4070745
TI  - [Iatrogenic injuries of the bile ducts].

PMID- 4070746
TI  - [The mucosal graft as a method of repairing high stenosis of the bile ducts].

PMID- 4070747
TI  - [Transparietal cholangiography with fine needle. Experience in 91 cases].

PMID- 4070748
TI  - [The role of 2-3 diphosphoglycerate (2-3, DPG) in hepatic cirrhosis].

PMID- 4070749
TI  - [Local hyperthermia in the therapy of hepatic cancer].

PMID- 4070750
TI  - [Cystadenoma of the pancreas].

PMID- 4070751
TI  - [The spectrum of pseudomyxoma peritonei. Apropos of 5 cases].

PMID- 4070752
TI  - [Cysts of the spleen: apropos of a cyst of mesothelial origin].

PMID- 4070753
TI  - [Gastric hypersecretion and duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 4070754
TI  - Double gastric cancer.

PMID- 4070755
TI  - [Effect of galactosidase enzymes on the glycoproteins of the platelet membrane
      determined using lectins].
AB  - Eight lectins specific for different 125I-labelled carbohydrates were employed to
      study the effect of the neuraminidase, alpha-galactosidase, and beta
      galactosidase enzymes on the glycoproteins and terminal carbohydrates of platelet
      membranes. Neuraminidase was seen to cause a decrease in molecular weight, as
      measured by polyacrylamide gradient electrophoresis, in glycoproteins IIb and
      III; this was apparently due to an almost 50% decrease in N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
      terminals. At the same time, new D-mannose and D-galactose terminals became
      accessible to the lectins. The alpha- and beta-galactosidases did not seem to
      affect the molecular weight of the glycoproteins appreciably, though the N-acetyl
      D-glucosamine terminals decreased and D-galactose debris increased; differences
      were observed in the effects of both enzymes. The results confirm that N-acetyl-D
      glucosamine, D-mannose and D-galactose are the most abundant membrane
      carbohydrates and suggest that the first is found as a terminal whereas the
      others must also be located in the internal zones of the glycoproteins.

PMID- 4070756
TI  - [Development of the circadian rhythm of motor activity in the mouse].
AB  - The evolutions of the total motor activity (TMA) and the power content of
      circadian harmonic (PCCH), through time, have been studied in six male mice,
      during 57 days from weaning. The best correlation between TMA and time is a
      hyperbolic function, reaching 75% of the asymptotic value when the animals are 24
      25 days old. PCCH values have been adjusted to a hyperbola, reaching 75% of the
      asymptote when the animals are 30-34 days old.

PMID- 4070757
TI  - Comparison of motor activity measured by two different methods: optical and
      inductive systems.
AB  - Motor activity of twelve rats was recorded by means of two different methods, an
      optical detection method (ODM) as a mass-independent system and an inductive
      detection method (IDM) as a mass-dependent system. The chronograms and power
      spectra obtained from the data were compared to find the essential aspects of
      both methods. The results suggest that the ODM is more appropriate in studying
      ultradian rhythms and small motor activity changes, while IDM is better suited to
      the study of circadian rhythms and gross motor activity variations.

PMID- 4070758
TI  - Effects of cobalt on postnatal development and late gestation in rats upon oral
      administration.
AB  - Four groups of pregnant Wistar rats, each of which consisted of 15 animals were
      administered 0, 12, 14 and 48 mg/kg/day of cobalt (II) chloride from the 14th day
      of gestation through 21 days of lactation. The offspring were observed for
      mortality, body weight, body and tail length and general symptomatology after 1,
      4 and 21 days of nursing. The number of litters was higher for the control group.
      The survival ratios were also higher for the control group. Besides, a dose
      dependent delay in the growth of the living young could be observed. No
      significant differences in organ weights in the animals killed 21 days after
      birth were observed. The blood parameters analysed did not show differences
      between the treated and control pups. Cobalt produced toxic effects on the
      mothers, affecting the late gestation as well as the postnatal development of the
      pups.

PMID- 4070759
TI  - Role of the vomeronasal organ on the estral cycle reduction by pheromones in the
      rat.
AB  - The role of he vomeronasal organ on the estral cycle reduction induced by
      pheromones is studied in adult female wistar rats. The animals were divided in
      three groups: I, intact rats; II, vomeronasalectomized rats (VNX); and III, sham
      operated rats (sham). Each group was submitted to another three distinct
      conditions from the day they were weaned (21 days old): Isolated female rats;
      with male odors from two adult males of tested sexual potency, and isolated rats
      again. The isolated intact rats show mainly 5 day length cycles. The groups I and
      III (intacts and sham) with male odors, show 4 day length cycles. The VNX animals
      show 5 day cycles in any one experimental conditions. These results support the
      idea that the vomeronasal organ is the receptor of the male reducing cycle
      pheromone in the female rat.

PMID- 4070760
TI  - Effect of the hypothyroidism on the levels of different metabolites in pregnant
      rats.
AB  - The effect of gestational hypothyroidism on some maternal and foetal metabolites
      were studied on pregnant rats after 24 h fasting. Thyroidectomy induced a
      decrease in body weight in the pregnant rats. Their foetuses showed lower weights
      than the controls. No difference was found in circulating glucose levels in the
      thyroidectomized pregnant rats, although an increase was found in their foetuses.
      Hepatic glycogen and total serum lipids decrease in hypothyroid pregnant rats.
      Cholesterol concentration increases as a result of hypothyroidism. However,
      foetuses coming from thyroidectomized mothers show an increase in their total
      lipid levels. Hypothyroidism in pregnant rats affects foetal development and
      metabolic changes are greatly manifested in the starved condition.

PMID- 4070761
TI  - [Electrocardiographic analysis of auricular electric systole in the sheep].
AB  - The different components of the electric auricular systole, as well as the
      possible relationship between them have been studied in 302 ECG from Merino
      Precoz sheep breed. A gradual increase in the P wave duration, RR interval, PQ
      interval and PQ segment accompanying the growth of the animal, has been obtained,
      whereas the P wave voltage decreases both gradually and significantly. An
      analysis of the P wave morphology shows a higher incidence of double waves over
      simple waves in 1 year old animals than in younger ones. A high correlation
      between the RR and PQ intervals as well as between the PQ interval and the PQ
      segment has been observed in all groups of the three leads studied.

PMID- 4070762
TI  - [Effect of temperature on the concentration of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+ in the
      hemolymph and urine of Procambarus clarkii, Girard].
AB  - The concentration variability of Ca, Mg, Na, K ions in the haemolymph and urine
      has been analyzed in Procambarus clarkii during interecdysis instar, the animals
      having been kept under several temperature conditions (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 degrees
      C) during two different periods of time (48 h and 7 days). The environmental
      temperature did not affect the concentration of sodium and calcium in the
      haemolymph. Nevertheless the above parameter had an effect on the concentration
      of potassium and magnesium in the haemolymph as well as on the concentration of
      the four cations considered in the urine of Procambarus clarkii. No significant
      differences have been found in relation to the time of exposure.

PMID- 4070763
TI  - Influence of teak (Tectona grandis; family: Verbenaceae) seed protein on some
      enzymes and liver lipids of albino rats.
AB  - The influence of protein, isolated from teak (Tectona grandis) seed upon albino
      rats with respect to some of their serum, liver and intestinal enzymes and liver
      lipids has been studied. The protein in question contains aspartic acid,
      threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, isoleucine,
      leucine, tyrosine, lysine, phenylalanine, histidine and arginine as determined by
      amino acid analyser. After feeding experiment an increase in body weight
      including the liver weight was noted in the test animals due to excess protein in
      the diet. A marked increase was observed in G.O.T., G.P.T. and total lipid of
      liver, whereas G.O.T. and G.P.T. of serum were decreased. The observed increased
      concentration of lipid in liver may be due to excess addition of protein in diet.
      The overall observation is an indication of probable fatty infiltration in liver
      of test animals.

PMID- 4070764
TI  - [Role of gastrin in duodenal mechanisms of inhibition of gastric secretion in the
      dog and man].
AB  - Gastrin serum levels after acidification of the second portion of the duodenum
      were studied, in dogs and humans, while simultaneously measuring secretin levels
      and gastric acid secretion. After duodenal acidification in dogs, a 50%
      inhibition of gastric acid secretion with parallel 100% increases in the serum
      secretin levels was noted whereas gastrin serum levels did not change (after
      duodenal acidification). In humans, a 25% inhibition of gastric acid secretion
      with parallel 50% (not significative) increases in the secretin serum levels was
      noted. In the entire group gastrin levels did not change, but in 35.2% of the
      subjects a little increment without statistical significance was noted. It is
      concluded that the inhibition mechanism of gastric acid secretion after duodenal
      acidification is more important in dog than in man, and that, probably, gastrin
      does not play an important role in this mechanism.

PMID- 4070765
TI  - Isolation and purification of duck liver ferritin.
AB  - A rapid method of purifying duck liver ferritin using high speed centrifugation
      and chromatography on Sephadex G-200 and Sepharose 6B is described. Protein and
      iron concentration for each step of purification is given. This method yields
      0.12 mg of pure ferritin per gram of wet tissue.

PMID- 4070766
TI  - Apparent inhibition of cholesteryl esters exchange by high density lipoproteins.
AB  - The kinetics of the exchange of Cholesteryl esters between low density
      lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) stimulated by lipoprotein
      depleted plasma has been studied in vitro. The results indicate that the exchange
      is inhibited with the increase of HDL present in the assay, although the limiting
      factor is not the absolute concentration of HDL, since in a simultaneous LDL
      increase, the exchange augments proportionally to the total cholesteryl esters
      pool. Implications regarding overall metabolism of body cholesterol are
      discussed.

PMID- 4070767
TI  - Effect of distal small bowel resection on bile salt absorption in caecum.

PMID- 4070768
TI  - [Recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis as a risk factor in pregnancy].

PMID- 4070769
TI  - [Herpes simplex hepatitis in the adult].

PMID- 4070770
TI  - [Benign epilepsies in children].

PMID- 4070771
TI  - [Cerebral hypoxia as a pathogenetic component in the acute exacerbation of
      hepatic cirrhosis encephalopathy].

PMID- 4070772
TI  - Peptide hormones in lung cancer.

PMID- 4070773
TI  - Peptide hormone production in lung cancer cell lines of different
      histopathological types.

PMID- 4070774
TI  - Peptide hormones as tumor markers in lung cancer patients.

PMID- 4070775
TI  - Syndromes associated with inappropriate hormone synthesis by tumors: an
      evolutionary interpretation.

PMID- 4070776
TI  - Genes and gene products involved in growth regulation of tumor cells.

PMID- 4070778
TI  - Pervasive developmental disorders in multiply disabled children.

PMID- 4070777
TI  - Peptide hormone biosynthesis--recent developments.

PMID- 4070779
TI  - Attention deficit disorders and the hyperactivities in multiply disabled
      children.

PMID- 4070780
TI  - Team management of cognitive dysfunction in children with spina bifida.

PMID- 4070781
TI  - Providing outreach services in a rural setting utilizing a multidisciplinary
      team: the CARES Project.

PMID- 4070782
TI  - Development, growth and eruption of permanent incisor teeth in Romney sheep.
AB  - The development of permanent incisor teeth of sheep was followed from the age of
      six weeks to 116 weeks. The teeth were observed through the bud, cap and bell
      stages, and the development of enamel and dentine. At the same time that
      amelogenesis started, the papillary layer developed from the intermediate layer
      and the outer dental epithelium began to form the cell rests of Malassez. The
      ameloblasts went through secretory, transitional and maturational phases, and in
      due course disappeared, after which cementum was laid down over the enamel
      surface. Initially the connective tissue of the follicle surrounding the growing
      tooth was very loose, but was replaced from the crown end as the tooth developed,
      by more dense connective tissue. Around the time of eruption, melanocytes were
      found on the lingual surface of the coronal end of the follicle. The root was
      formed under the influence of Hertwig's epithelium, and the cell rests of
      Malassez appeared to continue to develop from the outer enamel epithelium.
      Odontoblasts, which arose from the pulp connective tissue, were initially
      cuboidal but became fusiform as the tooth matured. At the time of eruption,
      amelogenesis was almost complete and cementum covered the majority of the tooth
      surface. The cell rests and melanocytes of the tootth follicle appeared to
      migrate with the tooth as it erupted. The deciduous tooth was resorbed from the
      lingual surface. The junctional epithelium of the erupted permanent tooth may
      have arisen from the cell rests, remnants of the dental lamina or gingival
      epithelium, depending on the presence or absence of inflammation.

PMID- 4070783
TI  - In vivo bone strain in the equine tibia before and after transection of the
      peroneus tertius muscle.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to determine the influence of the peroneus
      tertius muscle on the loading regime of the tibia in the horse. Strain gauge
      rosettes were bonded to the cranial and caudal cortices of the left and right
      tibiae in six Shetland ponies. In vivo bone strain recordings were made before
      and after unilateral transection of the peroneus tertius muscle. Relatively large
      individual variations in response to transection were observed in both the
      experimental and the contralateral control limbs. The principal strain values on
      the cranial and caudal cortices increased during the second peak in the support
      phase by approximately 10 per cent; the angle between the larger principal
      strains and the long axis of the bone, measured proximal to the gauges, rotated
      approximately 4 degrees medially in experimental limbs, but did not change in the
      control limbs. It seems unlikely that the peroneus tertius muscle has a
      substantial influence on the loading regime of the tibia during normal walking.

PMID- 4070784
TI  - Metabolite concentrations in plasma following treatment of cattle with five
      anthelmintics.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of anthelmintics and their metabolites were determined
      after cattle were treated at recommended dose rates and routes of administration.
      Fenbendazole, oxfendazole, febantel, albendazole and thiabendazole were given
      orally and oxfendazole was also administered with an intraruminal injector. After
      fenbendazole, oxfendazole and febantel were administered, fenbendazole,
      oxfendazole and fenbendazole sulphone were all detected in plasma in each case.
      However, there were marked differences between the three anthelmintics in the
      peak concentrations and areas under the plasma concentration/time curve (AUC) of
      these three metabolites. Intraruminal administration of oxfendazole produced
      higher AUC for fenbendazole and fenbendazole sulphone than did oral
      administration. Albendazole sulphoxide and sulphone were detected in cattle
      plasma after albendazole administration but no parent drug was present. These
      metabolites disappeared more rapidly in cattle than has been reported for sheep.
      Only 5(6)hydroxythiabendazole was detected in cattle plasma after thiabendazole
      treatment.

PMID- 4070785
TI  - Plasma and tear concentrations of antibiotics administered parenterally to
      cattle.
AB  - Chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, oxytetracycline, penethamate and
      procaine benzyl penicillin were administered parenterally to cattle and the
      concentrations of these antibiotics in plasma and tears were assayed
      microbiologically. Concentrations in plasma and tears were significantly
      correlated for all antibiotics tested but the concentration of antibiotic in
      tears and the tear flow rate were not correlated. Lipophilic drugs diffused into
      the tears in higher concentrations than did drugs which were not lipophilic.
      Concentrations of lipophilic but not hydrophilic antibiotics in tears could be
      predicted from the Henderson-Hasselbach equation. In cattle, it is possible
      through parenteral administration of chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin or
      oxytetracycline to achieve antibiotic concentrations in the tears which are
      bacteriostatic to Moraxella bovis, a primary aetiological agent of infectious
      bovine keratoconjunctivitis.

PMID- 4070786
TI  - Ectopic pulmonary cartilage and bone in domestic fowl.
AB  - The occurrence and histological appearance of ectopic pulmonary cartilage and
      bone in domestic fowl was investigated. Its incidence was shown to vary in
      different strains of birds. The structures may occur in newly hatched chicks and
      are similarly present in birds maintained on diets containing bonemeal and diets
      without it. They could not be experimentally induced by bronchial insufflation of
      fine bone particles. Previous theories of their genesis are discussed and it is
      concluded that they do not originate from either inhaled dietary bonemeal or
      disease processes but are probably abnormal embryonic induction of mesenchyme or
      cartilaginous germ cells displaced from adjacent bronchi.

PMID- 4070788
TI  - Effect of development of the ovine forestomachs on the anatomy of portal vessels
      and on the intrahepatic distribution of portal blood.
AB  - The two main tributaries of the ovine portal vein are the splenic vein, which
      carries blood mainly from the spleen and forestomachs, and the cranial mesenteric
      vein. In newborn lambs, these veins are of similar size and they converge at an
      angle of about 120 degrees. Blood which is carried from the intestines in the
      cranial mesenteric vein is not completely mixed with that from the splenic vein
      and it is preferentially distributed to the right side of the liver. As the fore
      stomachs develop, the splenic vein becomes relatively larger than the cranial
      mesenteric and its direction of flow becomes oriented more caudally. Thus in the
      portal vein of sheep, blood in the cranial mesenteric vein meets a larger volume
      of blood flowing in almost the opposite direction from the splenic vein. As a
      result, the extent of mixing of blood in the portal vein of adult sheep is much
      greater than in young lambs.

PMID- 4070787
TI  - Effect of Ostertagia ostertagi on lamb performance and cross resistance to O
      circumcincta.
AB  - Fifteen worm-free lambs (two-and-a-half to three months or four to four-and-a
      half months old) were infected with 3500 or 4000 Ostertagia ostertagi larvae on
      five days each week for six weeks, and their performance compared to that of
      controls. Eleven lambs were killed after eight weeks and four were challenged
      with O circumcincta to determine whether any cross resistance had developed. A
      feature of the O ostertagi infection was the considerable variation in response.
      Overall liveweight gain was lowered by 24 per cent in the two-and-a-half to three
      month-old infected lambs, mainly due to reductions of 27 to 40 per cent in four
      of the seven lambs. There was no consistent effect in the older lambs. The worm
      populations consisted mainly of early fourth stage larvae and developing worms,
      but a small percentage reached sexual maturity and these produced a low faecal
      egg count (1 to 63 eggs per gram). Numerous intraluminal refractive crystals were
      present in the gut of both adult worms and developing stages, possibly reflecting
      degenerative changes. Hypertrophy of the abomasal mucosa with patchy loss of
      differentiation was a feature of the infection, and in four lambs serum
      pepsinogen concentrations were elevated. Exposure to O ostertagi did confer some
      protection against challenge with O circumcincta in that worm counts were reduced
      to about 60 per cent of those in controls, although no increase was observed in
      the numbers of arrested larvae. The successful passage of O ostertagi through
      young lambs could be important in mixed or alternate grazing systems by providing
      a reservoir of infection for the alternate host.

PMID- 4070789
TI  - Effects of maternal nutrition on udder development during late pregnancy and on
      colostrum production in Scottish Blackface ewes with twin lambs.
AB  - Effects on udder development and colostrum production of changing the level of
      ewe nutrition were investigated. Udder weights at term were derived from their
      linear dimensions and yields of colostrum were obtained by hand milking on three
      occasions between one and 18 hours after birth. The linear dimensions of the
      udder increased progressively in all animals between 100 days of gestation and
      term (about 145 days), but udder development was retarded significantly within
      three days of the onset of underfeeding at 105 days of gestation. Underfeeding
      reduced the total yield of colostrum during the first 18 hours after birth by
      decreasing the prenatal accumulation of colostrum and its subsequent rates of
      secretion. Improving the ewe's nutrition from one hour after birth tended to
      increase the secretion rates of colostrum between 10 and 18 hours. Refeeding
      previously underfed ewes to high levels from about five days before birth had no
      effect on udder growth but did increase the prenatal accumulation of colostrum
      and its subsequent rates of secretion to levels which, when corrected for
      differences in udder weight, were similar to those of ewes which were fed well
      throughout. Calculations revealed that by ignoring udder growth the Agricultural
      Research Council recommendations for the energy requirements of pregnant ewes
      underestimate the cost of tissue synthesis during the last four weeks of
      pregnancy by about 100 per cent.

PMID- 4070790
TI  - Effects of maternal nutrition on the availability of energy in the body reserves
      of fetuses at term and in colostrum from Scottish Blackface ewes with twin lambs.
AB  - Ewes carrying twin fetuses were maintained during late pregnancy on a uniformly
      high plane (n = 22), a uniformly low plane (LP) (n = 24) or a low plane
      increasing to a high plane (n = 14) of nutrition. Seven ewes at each nutritional
      level were killed at 142 days of gestation and the liver and muscle glycogen and
      body lipid concentrations of the fetuses were determined. The rest of the ewes
      lambed naturally at about 145 days and the colostrum yields were obtained by hand
      milking after oxytocin injections during the first 18 hours after birth. The
      lactose, lipid and protein concentrations of colostrum were determined.
      Undernutrition in the LP group did not apparently affect the body concentrations
      of available glycogen, reduced available body lipid by about 47 per cent and
      reduced the lactose, lipid and protein available in colostrum during the first 18
      hours by about 50 per cent. Refeeding previously underfed ewes to a high plane
      during the last five to 10 days of pregnancy did not improve the available
      reserves of glycogen or lipid in the lambs but did increase the yields of
      colostral constituents by about 30 per cent. The relative contributions of body
      reserves and colostral constituents to the maintenance of high, medium and low
      metabolic rates in lambs from different groups was assessed. It was concluded
      that under normal field conditions refeeding undernourished ewes during the last
      weeks of pregnancy would improve only marginally the survival potential of the
      lambs and that most lambs would be compelled to draw on their body glycogen
      reserves in order to maintain heat production during the first 18 hours after
      birth, even when they consumed all the available colostrum.

PMID- 4070791
TI  - Normal haematological values of axis deer (Axis axis), Pere David's deer
      (Elaphurus davidianus) and barasingha (Cervus duvauceli).
AB  - Full blood counts and fibrinogen estimations were carried out on a number of
      clinically normal adult axis deer (Axis axis), Pere David's deer (Elaphus
      davidianus) and barasingha (Cervus duvauceli). Apart from the finding of higher
      total red cell counts and a lower mean red cell volume in axis deer than in Pere
      David's deer and barasingha, there was little interspecies variation. Some
      individual Pere David's deer showed eosinophilia, thought to be associated with
      subclinical intestinal nematode infestation. The findings should provide a useful
      reference base for monitoring health in these species.

PMID- 4070792
TI  - Renal lesions and tissue concentrations of zinc, copper, iron and manganese in
      experimentally zinc intoxicated sheep.
AB  - Renal lesions were produced in three out of 10 sheep dosed with large quantities
      of zinc for two to 14 weeks. Administration of the zinc resulted in significant
      increases in the concentrations of zinc in the kidneys, liver and pancreas, and
      of copper and iron in the kidneys and pancreas, and a significant decrease in the
      concentration of manganese in the pancreas. The sheep with kidney damage had
      increased plasma creatinine concentrations and significantly higher mean
      concentrations of zinc in their livers and pancreases, and of copper and iron in
      their kidneys, than the sheep with no kidney damage.

PMID- 4070793
TI  - Comparison of the effects of African trypanosomiasis in four breeds of dairy
      goats.
AB  - The consequences of experimental infection with Trypanosoma congolense and later
      superinfection with T brucei were compared among four breeds of goats:
      Toggenburg, Nubian, Alpine and Saanen. No major differences were found with
      regard to packed cell volume, bodyweight or parasitaemia. When these four breeds
      were considered for introduction into areas having African trypanosomiasis, none
      appeared to have a comparative advantage with regard to innate resistance to
      trypanosomes.

PMID- 4070794
TI  - Influence of dietary fat on some metabolic responses of cattle to fasting.
AB  - Metabolic responses were compared in Brahman cross and British cattle to 96 hours
      fasting from two maintenance diets; low fat (2.5 per cent fat) and high fat (9.2
      per cent fat), which were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Within breeds, the
      plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids were increased (P less than
      0.01) and the amounts of urinary urea nitrogen and creatinine excreted and
      respiratory quotient lowered (P less than 0.01) by feeding the high fat diet
      beforehand. Within dietary groups, the Brahman crosses showed a higher adaptation
      to a lipid fuel economy with a concomitant greater conservation of body nitrogen
      than the British animals. The results point to a role for dietary lipid in
      ameliorating bodyweight loss in cattle during periods of inadequate nutrition.

PMID- 4070795
TI  - Electrical stimulation triggers porcine malignant hyperthermia.
AB  - Metabolic, haemodynamic and neuroendocrine responses to electrical neuromuscular
      stimulation were measured in five normal and five malignant hyperthermia
      susceptible pigs. Normal animals recovered after stimulation but susceptible pigs
      showed malignant hyperthermia-like responses. Catecholamine levels were higher in
      malignant hyperthermia-sensitive than in normal pigs at all sampling times.

PMID- 4070796
TI  - Loss of biological and immunological activity of oxytocin from goat plasma on
      storage.
AB  - Storage of plasma at -30 degrees C, with no prior treatment, resulted in
      significant (P less than 0.01) reductions in the biological and immunological
      activities of oxytocin after 10 days and further reductions after 20 days.
      Acidification with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, or snap-freezing in solid carbon
      dioxide-acetone, before storage afforded some protection against these losses and
      a combination of both treatments preserved the biological and immunological
      activities for 20 days despite thawing and refreezing after 10 days.

PMID- 4070797
TI  - Does Plasmodium gallinaceum induce relapse of Eimeria acervulina infection in
      chickens?
AB  - An experiment was carried out to test the hypothesis that chickens previously
      infected with Eimeria acervulina, but having ceased producing oocysts, recommence
      E acervulina oocyst production when infected with Plasmodium gallinaceum. No
      relapse of coccidiosis was caused by the malarial infection. Subsequent treatment
      with the immunosuppressant betamethasone of the control chicks infected with E
      acervulina only did not reveal any occult coccidial infection. The results are
      critically compared with previously published results which apparently supported
      the hypothesis.

PMID- 4070798
TI  - Bronchial circulation in asthma.
AB  - Whereas the anatomical changes of the bronchial circulation in response to a wide
      variety of congenital and acquired cardiopulmonary diseases have been well
      described, little is known about its functional response. There is growing
      evidence that the bronchial circulation plays a major role in the pathophysiology
      of hyperreactive airway disease. The bronchial vascular system appears to be
      involved in mediator transport to and from target tissues in the airway wall, in
      the development of airway wall edema which may contribute to airflow obstruction,
      and in heat and water exchange in the tracheobronchial tree. Although our current
      understanding of these functions is rather sketchy, enough is known to outline
      the contributions of the bronchial, i.e. the systemic circulation to the
      mechanisms of bronchial asthma.

PMID- 4070799
TI  - Right ventricular performance during exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease. The effects of oxygen.
AB  - Radionuclide ventriculography allows non-invasive assessment of right ventricular
      performance. This study has confirmed that there is a modest reduction in right
      ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) in patients with chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease (COPD), as compared to normal subjects. However, occult right
      ventricular dysfunction also becomes apparent in these patients during exercise.
      The change in RVEF during exercise is related to the corresponding fall in
      arterial oxygen saturation in patients with COPD. Oxygen improves the response of
      the right ventricle to exercise, although the mechanism remains unclear. Long
      term oxygen therapy, in patients with respiratory failure, does not appear to
      have any significant effect on RVEF.

PMID- 4070800
TI  - Predictors for early mortality in patients with long-term oxygen home therapy.
AB  - The follow-up of 87 patients with long-term oxygen therapy over a 3-year period
      revealed a mortality of 23.7% during the first year, of 37.4% after 2 years and
      of 45% after 3 years, respectively. The retrospective analysis of baseline
      characteristics in order to evaluate the causes for early deaths showed no
      difference in age, lung function tests nor the degree of respiratory
      insufficiency documented by serial blood gas analysis between the survivors (n =
      61) and the dead (n = 26). However, in the group of early deaths there was a
      significant increase in pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary arterial pressure
      40.1 +/- 12.0 mm Hg) compared with the survivors, who had only mild hypertension
      (mean pulmonary arterial pressure 29.4 +/- 8.9 mm Hg). In addition there was also
      a lesser response in pulmonary vasodilation during oxygen breathing in the
      patients who died within the first 2-year period. We conclude that marked
      pulmonary hypertension with poor response to oxygen breathing is a major limiting
      factor in the prognosis of patients with long-term oxygen therapy. In contrast
      neither severe airway obstruction nor pronounced hypoxemia are related to early
      mortality and should therefore not be considered as a criterion for rapid
      deterioration and fatal outcome despite oxygen therapy.

PMID- 4070801
TI  - Influence of moderately elevated levels of carboxyhemoglobin on the course of
      acute ischemic heart disease.
AB  - The purpose of this prospective study in 66 patients with acute ischemic heart
      disease was to analyze the possible effects of moderately elevated levels of
      carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) on the early course of this disease. Thirty-one patients
      presented with a level of COHb less than or equal to 2% and 35 with a level of
      greater than 2%. In the group with elevated COHb, more patients developed
      transmural infarction, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.123).
      Patients with transmural infarction had higher maximum CPK values (p less than
      0.01), when COHb levels were greater than 2%. During the first 6 h after
      admission to hospital, these patients needed an antiarrhythmic treatment
      significantly more frequently (p = 0.003). Differences in rhythm disorders were
      still present at a time when nicotine, due to its short biological half-life, was
      already eliminated. We conclude that a moderately elevated level of COHb is not
      just a marker for recent smoking but may aggravate the course of acute ischemic
      heart disease.

PMID- 4070802
TI  - Mediastinal staging of bronchial carcinoma: can computed tomography replace
      mediastinoscopy?
AB  - In bronchial carcinoma the assessment of operability requires an accurate
      evaluation of the regional and mediastinal lymph nodes. For this, both
      mediastinoscopy and computed tomography are often used on a routine basis today.
      The present work considers the relative value of these two methods of
      investigation. Fifty-seven patients with bronchial carcinoma, in whom both
      investigations were carried out prior to surgery, were included in this
      prospective study. In the computed tomogram, lymph nodes with a diameter of more
      than 1 cm were defined as positive (i.e. suspected malignant infiltration).
      Sixteen of the 57 patients had histologically confirmed lymph node metastases; in
      13 cases the metastases were detected by computed tomography, in 12 cases also by
      mediastinoscopy and in 3 cases only at thoracotomy. In 41 of the thoracotomized
      patients, no mediastinal metastases were found. As was to be expected,
      mediastinoscopy also proved negative in these cases. In 9 of these cases,
      however, the preoperative computed tomography findings were false-positive. For
      computed tomography the specificity was 78% and the sensitivity 81%; for
      mediastinoscopy, on the other hand, the specificity was 100% and the sensitivity
      75%. The specificity of computed tomography is too low. Also, lymph nodes which
      are only inflamed may be considerably enlarged and cannot be differentiated in
      the computed tomogram from those with malignant infiltration. Mediastinal lymph
      nodes which appear enlarged in the computed tomogram therefore have to be further
      investigated by mediastinoscopy. However, in this prospective study,
      mediastinoscopy provided no additional information in those cases in whom the
      computed tomography findings were negative (lymph node diameter less than or
      equal to 1 cm); it did not detect the metastases in the 3 patients with false
      negative computed tomography findings. Therefore, in the case of a negative
      computed tomogram, thoracotomy may be performed immediately, without previous
      mediastinoscopy.

PMID- 4070803
TI  - Right heart catheterization in the pre-operative evaluation of patients with lung
      cancer.
AB  - The right heart catheterization and lung function data of 637 consecutive
      patients with lung cancer evaluated preoperatively were analysed retrospectively,
      in order to review our past experience, and to examine, whether a subgroup of
      patients could be identified, in whom invasive haemodynamic measurements were
      dispensable due to a predictable normal result. 95 patients (14.9%) had
      precapillary pulmonary hypertension, 44 (6.9%) already at rest, 51 (8.0%) on
      exercise only. In contrast, 276 patients (43.3%) had pulmonary hypertension
      secondary to abnormal left ventricular function, 67 (10.6%) at rest, 209 (32.8%)
      on exercise only. In order to characterize a subgroup of patients, in whom
      precapillary pulmonary hypertension is very unlikely to be present, and in whom,
      therefore, right heart catheterization could be regarded as dispensable, a
      discriminant analysis was performed. By these means a discriminant function using
      FEV1, PaO2, DLCO - both on exercise - and RV/TLC as discriminant variables was
      obtained which can provide a qualitative prediction of precapillary pulmonary
      hypertension with a high sensitivity (at least 95%) and an acceptable specificity
      (approximately 50%). The usefulness of such a prediction was verified in a
      subsequent group of 71 patients. Precapillary pulmonary hypertension was
      correctly predicted in all cases; the specificity was 55%. It is concluded, that
      right heart catheterization has its value in the pre-operative evaluation of
      candidates for pulmonary resection due to a high prevalence of compromised
      haemodynamics, and that patients with a negligible risk of having precapillary
      pulmonary hypertension can be identified by means of non-invasive functional
      measurements.

PMID- 4070804
TI  - Spontaneous visual improvement in the first affected eye of patients with
      bilateral disciform scars.
AB  - Patients with macular disciform degeneration may undergo spontaneous improvement
      in visual acuity of the first affected eye when the second eye later undergoes a
      decrease in vision. Three hundred twenty-nine cases of age-related macular
      degeneration (AMD) and presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POH) were
      examined. There were 20 patients who strictly met the criteria of a disciform
      scar causing visual acuity of 20/200 or worse in one eye, and 20/50 or better
      vision in the second eye, who subsequently developed involvement of the second
      eye with a decrease in visual acuity to 20/200 or less. Six of these 20 patients
      (30%), after mean follow-up of 32.8 months, achieved spontaneous visual acuity
      improvement, defined as at least a five-line improvement on a decimal
      (logarithmic) scale, with an average increase of 7.6 lines in the first affected
      eye. At extended mean follow-up of 50.1 months, two of the six lost vision, so
      that four of the 20 (20%) had five lines or more of improvement.

PMID- 4070805
TI  - Retinal infiltrates in six patients with an associated viral syndrome.
AB  - This report documents the fundus findings in ten eyes of six patients who had
      retinal infiltrates develop during or shortly after a viral-like illness. The
      whitish infiltrates varied in size from 150 to 1700 micron. They occurred in both
      the posterior pole and periphery, and were located in the superficial as well as
      deep retinal layers. There was minimal or no vitritis. The infiltrates resolved
      over a period of months with and without chorioretinal scarring. The optic nerve
      was involved in two patients, causing a temporary decrease in acuity. However,
      the only eye left with visual acuity less than 20/40 had a paracentral macular
      lesion that scarred.

PMID- 4070806
TI  - The retinopathy of primary hyperoxaluria.
AB  - The ophthalmoscopic and fluorescein angiographic findings in a seven-year-old boy
      with primary hyperoxaluria presented. The retinal findings in this condition have
      been reported previously in only ten patients. The fluorescein pattern which is
      considered to be very suggestive was reported previously in only one patient. In
      this report, ocular oxalosis is discussed, and the crystalline retinopathies are
      briefly reviewed.

PMID- 4070807
TI  - Preoperative laser photocoagulation to mark tiny retinal breaks in eyes with
      retinal detachment.
AB  - We used preoperative argon laser photocoagulation to create a white intraretinal
      color change to mark the location of a tiny retinal break in an aphakic eye with
      rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The break was visible only by fundus
      biomicroscopy with a three-mirror contact lens and could not be seen by indirect
      ophthalmoscopy. Intraretinal uptake of laser energy is accomplished with a small
      spot size and moderate energy levels. This technique facilitates rapid
      intraoperative identification and localization of small retinal breaks that are
      otherwise difficult to visualize.

PMID- 4070808
TI  - Physical properties of vitamin E oil and silicone oil.
AB  - A comparison of the physical properties of vitamin E oil and silicone oil is
      made. The parameters measured include: viscosity, fluid density, refractive index
      and wetting characteristics of the water/liquid interface. These properties
      showed remarkable similarities between vitamin E oil and silicone oil.

PMID- 4070809
TI  - A simplified technique for the removal of liquid silicone from vitrectomized
      eyes.
AB  - We describe a simplified technique for the removal of liquid silicone from the
      vitreous cavity. With the patient under local anesthesia, sodium hyaluronate is
      injected intravitreally, and liquid silicone is allowed to exit the eye through
      an open pars plana sclerotomy or limbal incision. Vitreous lavage is then
      performed with vitrectomy infusion solution.

PMID- 4070810
TI  - Preoperative electroretinograms and visual evoked cortical potentials for
      predicting outcome of vitrectomy in diabetics.
AB  - In order to find that the outcome of vitrectomy could be predicted in diabetics
      with very low visual acuity (finger counting at 3 m--approximately 20/400--or
      less), flash electroretinograms (ERG) and visual evoked cortical potentials
      (VECP) were simultaneously recorded from about 300 patients within one month
      before the operation. From this series two groups were formed, based on the
      outcome of surgery. One group (30 patients) had improved visual acuity, with
      finger counting at 0.1 to 1.0 m (20/200-20/20). The other group (29 patients) was
      unimproved by surgery. The groups were matched with regard to age, duration of
      diabetes, preoperative visual acuity and occurrence of cataract and previous
      panretinal photocoagulation. All patients had dense vitreal opacities, precluding
      inspection of the ocular fundus. Only patients without surgical and postoperative
      complications were included. There was a statistically significant (P less than
      0.05) difference between the groups in ERG amplitude, but not in VECP latency or
      amplitude. Based on ERG amplitude, the outcome of vitrectomy could be predicted
      correctly in 36 of 59 patients (61%) and in 35 of 56 patients (63%) based on VECP
      latency. The VECP amplitude or the combination of ERG and VECP parameters did not
      improve the prediction rate. Thus, preoperative flash ERG and VECP can not safely
      predict the outcome of vitrectomy in diabetics with very low visual acuity.

PMID- 4070811
TI  - [Coronary sinus blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption in human non
      diseased hearts].

PMID- 4070812
TI  - [Noninvasive identification of high-risk coronary artery disease patients; the
      role of rest-exercise LVEF and transient-persistent defect].

PMID- 4070813
TI  - [Clinical significance of exercise-induced ST-segment depression in inferior
      leads in patients with anterior myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4070814
TI  - [Clinical significance of follow-up observation and family survey in patients
      with mitral valve prolapse. Special reference to mitral regurgitation, sudden
      death and thoracic skeletal abnormalities].

PMID- 4070815
TI  - [Relationship between electrical alternans of ST-T segment and ventricular
      arrhythmia during episodes of ST segment elevation in patients with variant
      angina].

PMID- 4070816
TI  - [The influence of lung volume on pulmonary hemodynamics with special reference to
      the interrelationship between alveolar pressure, pleural pressure and pulmonary
      circulatory pressures].

PMID- 4070817
TI  - [Usefulness of dynamic computed tomographic scanning in the diagnosis of atrial
      septal defects].

PMID- 4070818
TI  - [A case of pheochromocytoma associated with the variant form of angina].

PMID- 4070819
TI  - [A case of cardiac sarcoidosis with various clinical manifestations].

PMID- 4070820
TI  - [Mediastinal emphysema].

PMID- 4070821
TI  - [Polysomnography].

PMID- 4070822
TI  - [A method for correction of abnormal values in measuring cardiac output with the
      dichromatic earpiece densitometer].

PMID- 4070823
TI  - [Assessment of rehabilitation in patients with myocardial infarction by
      multivariate analysis].

PMID- 4070824
TI  - [Influence of progesterone in the CSF on the ventilation in pregnant women].

PMID- 4070825
TI  - [Changes in hemodynamics during exercise in patients with ischemic heart
      disease].

PMID- 4070826
TI  - [Studies on ST depression in exercise stress ECG. Re-evaluation of the treadmill
      exercise score and diagnostic usefulness of the V5 lead].

PMID- 4070827
TI  - [Systolic blood pressure response during the treadmill exercise test in detecting
      the presence and severity of angina pectoris].

PMID- 4070828
TI  - [A case of chronic effusive-constrictive pericarditis with slight myocardial
      involvement caused by radiation].

PMID- 4070829
TI  - [A case of progressive systemic sclerosis with left coronary artery-pulmonary
      artery fistula].

PMID- 4070830
TI  - [An adolescent case of myotonic dystrophy who developed Stokes-Adams attacks
      successfully treated with the transvenous DDD pacemaker].

PMID- 4070831
TI  - [A case of sudden obstruction of the left main coronary artery treated by
      intravenous thrombolysis].

PMID- 4070832
TI  - Interregional gas mixing and gas transport during high frequency oscillations.
AB  - We investigated gas mixing between lung regions and its relationship to gas
      transport out of the lungs during high frequency oscillation (HFO) in eight,
      healthy male volunteers. Gas mixing within the lung during HFO was assessed by
      measuring changes in the regional concentration of 133Xenon with scintillation
      detectors positioned over the posterior chest, 5, 15 and 25 cm below each lung
      apex. Gas transport out of the lungs was assessed by measuring changes in
      133Xenon concentration at the mouth during HFO. Mixing between topographic lung
      regions from the apex to base was increased by both the stroke volume (P less
      than 0.05) and the frequency (P less than 0.05) of HFO. This mixing correlated
      best with the product of f X SV1.5 (r = 0.99 P less than 0.001). Changes in
      regional gradient with HFO showed a strong positive correlation with changes in
      mouth concentration (r = 0.94, P less than 0.025). We conclude that gas mixing
      between lung regions in man is increased more by stroke volume than frequency
      during HFO. This mixing is closely related to gas transport out of the lungs.

PMID- 4070833
TI  - Effects of hypoxia on muscle capillarity in rats.
AB  - Capillary density, fiber cross-sectional area, capillary/fiber ratio and fiber
      composition were determined in gastrocnemius and diaphragm muscles of laboratory
      rats following five weeks at 350 Torr ambient pressure. Growth rates of hypoxic
      rats were lower than normoxic controls, but the periods of sacrifice were
      adjusted to achieve similar body masses for the two groups. Hypoxic rats had
      significantly higher hematocrits and heart masses, characteristic of acclimation
      to hypoxia. However, capillary/fiber ratios in gastrocnemius and diaphragm were
      similar for hypoxic and normoxic rats suggesting that hypoxia did not stimulate
      capillarity in either muscle. In diaphragm, but not gastrocnemius, diffusion
      distances were significantly shorter in hypoxic rats than in controls. We
      conclude that the differences in diffusion distances represent an important
      secondary effect of hypoxia on the diaphragm associated with changes in demands
      on ventilation in response to low oxygen pressures.

PMID- 4070834
TI  - Effects of neostigmine and salbutamol on diaphragmatic fatigue.
AB  - We studied the effects of neostigmine and salbutamol on the force generated by
      the fatigued diaphragm in anesthetized dogs. Mechanically ventilated animals were
      prepared with an open thorax. A thin-walled latex balloon was positioned beneath
      the diaphragm to measure transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) and a rigid cast was
      fixed around the abdomen to limit changes in diaphragmatic length and geometry
      during contractions. Pdi was the index of force generated by the diaphragm. We
      measured Pdi during supramaximal phrenic stimulation at different frequencies and
      during spontaneous inspiratory efforts. The diaphragm was fatigued by repeated
      phrenic stimulation. Fatigue significantly reduced Pdi at all frequencies of
      stimulation and during spontaneous contractions (P less than 0.05). The reduction
      in Pdi was associated with a decrease in peak twitch tension (PTT) to 50% of
      control (P less than 0.05). Infusion of neostigmine restored PTT to values
      equivalent with or greater than control (P less than 0.05) and improved Pdi at
      low stimulation frequencies (P less than 0.05) and during spontaneous inspiratory
      efforts (P less than 0.05). Infusion of salbutamol had no effect on PTT, but did
      significantly shortened twitch half relaxation time (P less than 0.05).
      Salbutamol also had no effect on Pdi during stimulated and spontaneous
      contractions. We conclude that neostigmine improves force generated by the
      fatigued diaphragm by increasing twitch amplitude while salbutamol did not have a
      positive inotropic effect.

PMID- 4070835
TI  - Alveolar surface tensions in excised rabbit lungs: effect of temperature.
AB  - In excised, perfused rabbit lungs the alveolar surface tension was measured in
      individual alveoli over the entire P-V loop at different temperatures (22 and 37
      degrees C), using an improved microdroplet method. Additional in vitro
      experiments are reassuring that the microdroplets do not affect the properties of
      the alveolar surface film. The in situ measurements show that the alveolar
      surface tension and the surface tension to volume relation are essentially the
      same at 22 and 37 degrees C. A maximal surface tension of about 30 mN X m-1 was
      measured at TLC, and there is a substantial surface tension to volume hysteresis,
      which amounts to almost 10 mN X m-1 in the middle volume range of a complete
      pressure volume cycle of the lung. However, with respect to the absolute values
      of alveolar surface tension, and the shape and width of the hysteresis, these
      directly obtained results are different from previous findings.

PMID- 4070836
TI  - Comparison of respiratory-related trigeminal, hypoglossal and phrenic activities.
AB  - In decerebrate, paralyzed and vagotomized cats, we recorded activities of
      hypoglossal and phrenic nerves and of the mylohyoid branch of the trigeminal
      nerve. At normocapnia, a respiratory-modulated trigeminal discharge could be
      discerned in most cats. This discharge was characterized by a diminution of
      activity during neural inspiration and a peak in expiration. In hypercapnia or
      hypoxia, peak activity increased and its time of occurrence moved to late
      inspiration. Augmentations of peak trigeminal, hypoglossal and phrenic activities
      were proportional. Peak trigeminal and hypoglossal activities increased more than
      phrenic following administrations of protriptyline, strychnine and, in some cats,
      cyanide or doxapram. Peak trigeminal activity fell more than phrenic after
      diazepam. Pentobarbital or halothane reduced peak hypoglossal, but not
      trigeminal, activity more than phrenic. However, after these anesthetics,
      trigeminal activity became restricted to the inspiratory-expiratory junction. We
      conclude that trigeminal and hypoglossal activities are more dependent upon
      processes within the reticular formation than is the bulbospinal-phrenic system.
      Central and peripheral chemoreceptor influences are distributed equivalently upon
      trigeminal, hypoglossal and phrenic motoneurons.

PMID- 4070838
TI  - Responses of blood volume and red cell mass in two strains of rats acclimatized
      to high altitude.
AB  - Two strains of rats, one that adapts successfully to high altitude (HA) (Madison
      = M) and the other that adapts poorly and suffers a high mortality rate at high
      altitude (Hilltop = H) were studied during 40 days of exposure to a simulated
      altitude of 18 000 ft (5450 m; PB = 175). The time rate of change of blood volume
      (TBV), red cell volume (RBCV), plasma volume (PV) and hematocrit (Hct), and the
      interrelationships of these variables, particularly emphasizing TBV, PV and Hct
      as functions of RBCV, were compared in the M and H strains. Sea level control
      values in the two strains were not different, but by the 5th day at HA RBCV and
      TBV had expanded to a greater extent in H than M - a difference that was
      maintained throughout the 40 days - but PV decreased similarly in the two
      strains. By 30 days the inter-strain differences of RBCV, TBV, and Hct became
      more pronounced but still no difference of PV was noted. The most significant
      feature was the greater polycythemic response of H, which at the extreme range
      was not associated with any further decrease of PV and therefore resulted in
      rapid expansion of TBV. The probable effects of these responses on cardiovascular
      function and oxygen transport are discussed, comparing the differences of H and M
      strains, which became maladaptive in H. The similarity of the responses in H to
      those of man with chronic mountain sickness is noted.

PMID- 4070837
TI  - Excitatory and inhibitory effects of morphine on the intercostal-to-phrenic
      respiratory reflex.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intravenously
      administered morphine on the intercostal-to-phrenic reflex in spinal (C1) cats.
      The carotid and vertebral arteries were ligated. In addition a metal clamp was
      placed around the neck and tightened in order to occlude all blood flow to the
      brain. The animals were vagotomized, paralyzed and ventilated artificially. End
      tidal PCO2 and body temperature were kept constant by means of servocontrollers.
      The intercostal-to-phrenic reflex was activated by rhythmic tapping of the lower
      thorax anteriorly with a metal bar. Three different doses of morphine were used.
      The smallest dose (1 mg/kg) caused a marked stimulation of phrenic activity that
      lasted for more than 5 min. A larger dose (10 mg/kg) had only a mild excitatory
      effect. A much larger dose (50 mg/kg), on the other hand, caused inhibition of
      evoked phrenic activity. Possible mechanisms involved in mediating the dose
      dependent effects of morphine on the intercostal-to-phrenic reflex are discussed.

PMID- 4070839
TI  - Respiratory responses to acute heat stress in cranes (Gruidae): the effects of
      tracheal coiling.
AB  - Some species of cranes have extensive coiling of their trachea that substantially
      increases their anatomical dead space. We subjected individuals of four species
      of cranes (Anthropoides virgo, Balearica regulorum, Grus grus and Grus
      japonensis) to acute heat stress to investigate the effectiveness of this trait
      as a thermoregulatory adaptation. We measured cloacal temperature, respiratory
      flow and frequency and arterial pH during normothermic breathing and thermal
      panting. Extra tracheal length appears to be a helpful but nonessential
      adaptation to prevent cranes from becoming alkalotic while panting. Cranes in our
      study had relatively lower panting frequencies and greater tidal volumes than
      have been reported for other birds subjected to heat stress. Tracheal coiling is
      probably more important to vocalization than to respiration or thermoregulation.

PMID- 4070841
TI  - [Rheumatic fever and secondary prevention in patients at the Internal Medicine
      Clinic in Pristina 1975-1984].

PMID- 4070840
TI  - [Evaluation of the possibilities of supplementing or changing the exercise
      therapy performed by patients with ankylosing spondylitis by using kinesiologic
      elements of recreational sports].

PMID- 4070842
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
      hospitalized at the Internal Medicine Department of the General Hospital in
      Maribor 1980-1983].

PMID- 4070843
TI  - [Immunosuppressive activity of corticosteroids in primary infection and after the
      development of immunity against Toxoplasma and herpes virus].

PMID- 4070844
TI  - [The ELISA method for determining protein bound to liposomes].

PMID- 4070845
TI  - Hydatid massive pulmonary embolism due to primary cardiac echinococcosis.

PMID- 4070846
TI  - [Long-term outcome of obesity in children].

PMID- 4070847
TI  - [Is antibiotic prevention of infectious endocarditis justified?].

PMID- 4070848
TI  - [In France, is acute alcoholic intoxication in adults a metabolic emergency?].
AB  - Some biological data of 63 acute alcoholic poisoning (without drug ingestion) in
      adults were studied during a brief hospitalization. Mean arterial blood
      concentration of lactate was 2,34 mmol/l +/- 0,13, of ethanol was 53 +/- 3,68
      mmol/l. No correlation was found between these two variables and we have not
      registered lactic acidosis. Arterial blood acid base balance was normal for 24 of
      38 unconscious patients. The results of other fourteen showed moderate acidosis,
      either mixed or respiratory either metabolic, without hypoglycemia or ketonuria.
      No correlation between arterial blood ions H+ concentration (44,72 +/- 1,18
      nmol/l (m +/- sem) and concomitant arterial blood ethanol concentration was
      found. Moreover, no correlation between 46 blood glucose concentrations (without
      prior glucose perfusion) and alcoholemia was found. Only two 18 hours fasting
      chronic alcoholics showed hypoglycemia. These results confirm that acute ethanol
      intoxication is a potential respiratory emergency in adults, and not a metabolic
      one (this last pattern being true for children). No confusion between acute
      intoxication and alcoholic ketoacidosis, alcohol induced fasting hypoglycemia or
      shoshin beriberi must be made.

PMID- 4070849
TI  - [Current concepts on therapeutic possibilities in alcohology].
AB  - Therapeutic possibilities in the field of alcoholism are certainly more extensive
      than accepted by most general practitioners and internists whose attitude is,
      according to an inquiry, rather fatalistic. The actual therapy of alcoholism
      proves to be effective, the earlier the therapy being started the better are the
      results. On this account, the necessity of preventive measures and of an early
      treatment is to be underlined. General practitioners and internists (whose
      training in this area appears to be still deficient) as well as centers for
      nutritional hygiene and alcohology (presently about 200 consultation centers in
      France) may play here a cardinal role. The treatment of alcohol-addicts often
      justifies hospitalisation, more and more in general hospitals, where a
      therapeutic program, at the first place a long-term psychotherapy, is set up. The
      alcoholic should constantly be assisted by his treating physician, by specialised
      centers and also by fellowships of former alcohol-addicts.

PMID- 4070850
TI  - [Should the assay of serum free thyroxine and triiodothyronine replace the other
      methods of evaluating thyroid function?].
AB  - Total T4, total T3, free T4 and free T3 were measured at the same time in 633
      subjects. These subjects were classified according to the clinic state and the
      hormonal results in 426 euthyroid, 145 hyperthyroid and 62 hypothyroid cases. The
      results permitted to define the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of
      the different tests. When each measure was considered alone, free T4 was the most
      useful test for all the hormonal states. In association, FT4 + FT3 is more useful
      than T3T + T4T for all the diagnostic parameters and for all the clinical
      situations. To measure FT4 with an adequate kit appears to be in 1985 the key
      method for evaluating the thyroid function. To associate FT3 is useful in some
      difficult cases.

PMID- 4070851
TI  - [Cutaneo-tendinous xanthomatosis, coronary artery and mitral and aortic valve
      involvement. Anatomo-clinical study of a case].

PMID- 4070852
TI  - [3 cases of agranulocytosis during polytherapy including indalpine].

PMID- 4070853
TI  - [Disseminated cryptococcosis disclosed by cryptococcuria].

PMID- 4070854
TI  - [Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and cancer of the cavum without pulmonary
      metastasis. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 4070855
TI  - [Salmonella osteitis. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 4070856
TI  - [Current treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections].
AB  - The Staphylococcus aureus infections seen in general practice still respond
      relatively well to the usual treatments, including penicillin M, first generation
      cephalosporins or synergistins. Those seen in hospitals are highly resistant to
      oxacillin (14 to 43 h depending on individual hospital units) and should be
      treated from the start with major antistaphylococcal drugs, such as vancomycin,
      fosfomycin in combination therapy or pefloxacine.

PMID- 4070857
TI  - [Sarcoma of the heart].

PMID- 4070858
TI  - [Perihepatitis and lupus].

PMID- 4070859
TI  - [Acquired deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor and malignant lymphoproliferative
      syndromes].

PMID- 4070860
TI  - [Theses and antitheses of modern radiodiagnosis].

PMID- 4070861
TI  - [Juvenile osteochondritis deformans of the hip].

PMID- 4070862
TI  - [Current problems in the etiopathogenesis of atherosclerosis].

PMID- 4070863
TI  - [Administration of a water-alcohol extract of the fir tree (Abies alba) as an
      aerosol in respiratory tract diseases].

PMID- 4070864
TI  - [Dynamics of the degradation of macromolecule-associated acetylsalicylic acid in
      solutions].

PMID- 4070865
TI  - [Pharmacological properties of rutacil].

PMID- 4070866
TI  - [Still's disease in an adolescent: the diagnostic and treatment problems of a
      case].

PMID- 4070867
TI  - [Megatrachea].

PMID- 4070869
TI  - [Technology and the environment].

PMID- 4070868
TI  - [New quinolones: clinical and laboratory data].

PMID- 4070870
TI  - [Sinus node dysfunction. Round table: Iasi, 4 October 1984].

PMID- 4070871
TI  - [Dispensary care of infants with congenital heart malformations].

PMID- 4070872
TI  - [General (systemic) complications of acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 4070873
TI  - [Familial focus of trichinelliasis].

PMID- 4070874
TI  - [Our experience in treating complex fractures of the humerus in adults].

PMID- 4070875
TI  - [Subarachnoid hemorrhage. Anatomico-clinico-therapeutic considerations].

PMID- 4070876
TI  - [Reinterventions in hydatid cyst surgery].

PMID- 4070877
TI  - [Results obtained with the drug and surgical treatment of exclusive renal
      tuberculoma with uni- or bilateral polar localization].

PMID- 4070878
TI  - [The measles epidemiologic process in the context of active immunization].

PMID- 4070879
TI  - [Bacteriological and serological evidence for the presence of Campylobacter
      jejuni in poultry, animals and man (1982-1983)].

PMID- 4070880
TI  - [Role of acetaldehyde in sudden cardiac death].

PMID- 4070881
TI  - [Immunological diagnosis in oral Candida infections].

PMID- 4070882
TI  - [Testicular feminization. Cases of the Iasi Endocrinology Clinic].

PMID- 4070883
TI  - [Primary health care in rural collectives. Its support, quality and exigencies in
      the continuous advancement of the health of this population group].

PMID- 4070884
TI  - [The centric relation].

PMID- 4070885
TI  - Follow-up study on pulmonary function of dust workers: an epidemiological
      evaluation of discontinued workers of dust operations.
AB  - An epidemiologic study on 176 dust workers from various facilities was initiated
      in 1978. Their mean age was 48.3 years and mean duration of employment was 21.6
      years. No workers complained of chronic cough and phlegm. Their chest X-rays were
      found to belong to Category I of the diagnostic criteria for pneumoconiosis in
      Japan. Pulmonary function test was performed on these workers, however, 54
      workers discontinued taking part in the study by the end of 1979, and 49 workers
      had discontinued by 1981. A total of 73 workers had a five-year follow-up survey
      of pulmonary function. Forced expiratory volume in one second divided by forced
      vital capacity (FEV1.0/FVC) and forced expiratory flow rate at 25% of FVC divided
      by height (V25/H) were mainly compared by smoking habit, work years, type of job,
      size of company, and the time when they discontinued their jobs. Predicted
      percentage values of lung function were used for the adjustment of the influence
      of workers' ages. Decrement of FEV1.0/FVC and V25/H in the five-year follow-up
      group were larger than the screening level. The mean values of those functional
      parameters in the early discontinued group were lower than late discontinued and
      active working groups. The active working group was considered to be a physically
      healthy workers' population.

PMID- 4070886
TI  - The foot shape of school girls and female farm workers in northern Kyushu.
AB  - This is an anthropometric study of the foot shape of 23 school girls of Northern
      Kyushu. They live in Kitakyushu City and its suburbs. Their parents are
      descendants of people of Fukuoka Prefecture. While there was no significant
      difference regarding the foot-length among these school girls and the other two
      groups of farm workers who lived in the rural areas of Northern Kyushu about two
      decades ago, these school girls had the narrowest feet with the smallest foot
      index (a ratio of the foot-breadth to the foot-length) and the tallest stature.
      These physical features may be considered to be the result of the urban life and
      the differences of generation.

PMID- 4070887
TI  - [Oral rehydration in acute infantile diarrheas].

PMID- 4070888
TI  - [Hypospadias. Clinical aspect and single-stage surgical correction].

PMID- 4070889
TI  - [Septal rupture complicating a myocardial infarction with involvement of the
      right ventricle. Case report].

PMID- 4070890
TI  - [Comparison of the secondary effects produced by synthetic salmon calcitonin
      administered intramuscularly and in the form of a nasal spray].

PMID- 4070891
TI  - Corticocortical and collateral thalamocortical connections of postcentral
      somatosensory cortical areas in squirrel monkeys: a double-labeling study with
      radiolabeled wheatgerm agglutinin and wheatgerm agglutinin conjugated to
      horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - Experiments were performed to determine whether thalamic neurons send collaterals
      to more than one subdivision of postcentral somatosensory cortex, and to evaluate
      the fidelity of somatotopic connections between cortical representations of the
      body surface. After microelectrode recordings identified the locations of the
      representations of the fingertips along the border of area 3b with area 3a and
      along the border of area 1 with area 2, one tracer, tritiated N-acetyl wheatgerm
      agglutinin ([3H]WGA), was injected into the rostral representation at the 3a-3b
      border, and another, wheatgerm agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase
      (WGA:HRP), was injected into the caudal representation at the 1-2 border. The
      results indicate that three thalamic regions are interconnected with both border
      zones. Regions of overlapping retrograde and anterograde label included the
      ventromedial portion of the lateral division of the ventroposterior nucleus
      (VPL), which is known to represent the digits; the medial extent of a dorsal
      capping zone of VPL that we term the ventroposterior superior nucleus (VPS); and
      the anterior pulvinar (Pa). Cells labeled with one or the other tracer, as well
      as cells labeled with both tracers, were found in VPL, VPS, and Pa. Our
      procedures necessarily underestimated the numbers of cells projecting to both
      rostral and caudal injection zones, but at least 15-20% of VPL and 20-40% of VPS
      neurons that were autoradiographically labeled appeared to have such collaterals.
      While only a few cells in Pa were autoradiographically labeled from injections at
      the 3a-3b border, the presence of several double-labeled cells suggests that at
      least some Pa neurons project to both injected zones. By relating the present
      results to those from studies where connections were determined for single
      architectonic fields, we conclude that many neurons in VP project to both areas
      3b and 1, and that many neurons in VPS project to both areas 3a and 2. In
      addition, both areas 3a and 2 appear to have interconnections with Pa.
      Connections of Pa with area 2 have only recently been reported (Pons and Kaas, in
      press), and connections of Pa with area 3a have not been described. The results
      imply that, in part, the same information from cutaneous receptors is relayed to
      areas 3b and 1, and the same information from deep receptors is relayed to areas
      3a and 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4070892
TI  - Effects of spinal lesions on temporal resolution of cutaneous sensations.
AB  - In order to test the possibility that the dorsal columns (DCs) contribute to
      temporal resolution of tactile stimuli, Macaca speciosa monkeys were trained to
      discriminate different frequencies of stimulation delivered to the glabrous
      surface of the left foot. Brief (11-msec) pulses of 550-micron indentation from
      the skin surface were presented for 1 sec at a standard rate of 10 pulses per
      second (pps), and subsequent trains of the same duration either were replications
      of the standard or consisted of a higher (comparison) frequency of up to 35 pps.
      Correct performance consisted of a lever press in response to the comparison
      stimulus when it occurred as the second or third train in a trial. Signal
      detection analysis of response tendencies in the second stimulus interval
      revealed difference threshold values of 2.8 pps, on the average, for 75% correct
      responding. Transections of the ipsilateral dorsolateral column or the
      contralateral anterolateral column or both did not significantly affect
      discrimination of the frequency of cutaneous stimulation. However, following
      interruption of the ipsilateral DC, two monkeys could not discriminate 10 from 35
      pps throughout testing for more than 1 year. These results contrast with a
      preservation of spatiotactile resolution that has been demonstrated repeatedly
      for animals following lesions of the DCs or the lateral columns, indicating that
      a unique function of the DC pathway relates to temporal coding.

PMID- 4070893
TI  - Ultrastructural analysis of the terminals of various somatosensory pathways in
      the ventrobasal complex of the rat thalamus: an electron-microscopic study using
      wheatgerm agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase as an axonal tracer.
AB  - We used wheatgerm agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA:HRP) as an
      anterograde tracer to label the terminals of the lemniscal, spinothalamic, and
      trigeminothalamic pathways in the ventrobasal complex of the rat thalamus (VB).
      The use of benzidine dihydrochloride (BDHC) as the chromogen allowed us to view
      the labeled profiles with the electron microscope and permitted us to compare the
      morphology of the terminals from the various pathways. We found that all the
      labeled somatosensory pathways terminate in the VB in the form of large terminals
      that contain round synaptic vesicles and make numerous asymmetrical synaptic
      contacts, usually with dendritic protrusions and proximal dendrites. The present
      results demonstrate that pathways conveying noxious and non-noxious somatosensory
      information terminate upon thalamic neurons with synaptic terminals having
      similar morphological features.

PMID- 4070894
TI  - [The intensive care patient and his family physician].

PMID- 4070895
TI  - [Reduction in noncardiovascular causes of death using antihypertensive therapy,
      results from the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program in Georgia, U.S].

PMID- 4070896
TI  - [Central role of the university hospital in surgical intensive care].

PMID- 4070897
TI  - [Arthralgia, hemoptysis].

PMID- 4070898
TI  - [Case report from practice (39)].

PMID- 4070899
TI  - [Abdominal trauma: emergency measures and surgical management].

PMID- 4070900
TI  - [Determination of the sensitivity of microorganisms to antimicrobial agents;
      standardization of the antibiogram].

PMID- 4070901
TI  - [Blood pressure determination in combination with mass radiography].

PMID- 4070902
TI  - [Partial crisis with elementary somato-sensory symptomatology manifesting as
      glioblastoma--false negative scanning results].

PMID- 4070903
TI  - [Acute pancreatitis in computerized tomography].

PMID- 4070904
TI  - Infectious causes of blindness: trachoma and onchocerciasis.

PMID- 4070905
TI  - Importance of reinfection in the pathogenesis of trachoma.
AB  - The authors' epidemiologic studies of trachoma on Taiwan and experimental monkey
      eye infections with and without Chlamydia trachomatis immunization are reviewed
      for the data they provide on the pathogenesis of trachoma. These studies indicate
      that trachoma is an immunopathologic disease in which the more severe progressive
      trachoma infections with pannus and scar formation occur only after reinfection.
      This hypothesis is supported by a 10-year study of 32 family households that were
      followed with repeated clinical and laboratory observations. Although most cases
      of active trachoma healed spontaneously, there were 26 persons in nine families
      who developed clinical and laboratory evidence of 29 episodes of new trachoma eye
      infection. On the basis of the clinical disease, its persistence, and the
      laboratory findings, these 29 new infections could be divided into 10 primary,
      nine secondary, and 10 tertiary infections. Details of the different stages of
      infection leading to chronic trachoma are presented.

PMID- 4070906
TI  - Ocular models of chlamydial infection.
AB  - In the study of trachoma, animal models have been used extensively to show the
      spectrum of disease that chlamydiae can cause. Animal studies have shown that
      repeated episodes of reinfection are necessary for the development of a trachoma
      model. The recognition of the importance of reinfection has wide-ranging
      implications for clinical and epidemiologic studies. Models can also be used to
      study the pathophysiology of disease. Although some studies on the immune
      response to chlamydial infection have been performed, much further work could be
      done to clarify the apparently paradoxical nature of the response. The immune
      response seems to be partially responsible for both protection and the
      destructive consequences of chlamydial infection. Animal models will need to be
      exploited during the development of vaccines.

PMID- 4070907
TI  - Pathogenesis and immunology of chlamydial infections of the genital tract.
AB  - In recent years there has been a steady increase in our understanding of the
      pathogenesis and immunobiology of lower genital tract infections caused by
      Chlamydia trachomatis. Much of this increase in knowledge has stemmed from two
      areas of research: clinical, pathologic, and immunologic observations of patients
      and the development and study of animal models. Research on patients has included
      the use of techniques such as histologic examination of biopsy specimens and
      measurement of levels of antibody and/or leukocyte responses to chlamydial
      antigens. The animal models that have been developed include experimental genital
      tract infections not only with C. trachomatis but also with appropriate Chlamydia
      psittaci organisms, such as the agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis.
      Continued investigation of the pathophysiologic and immunologic bases of
      chlamydial genital tract disease should lead to the rational development of
      potential control measures, such as vaccines or other forms of prophylaxis or
      therapy.

PMID- 4070908
TI  - Immunopathology and histopathology of experimental chlamydial salpingitis.
AB  - Experimental infection of fallopian tubes was produced in four sexually mature
      pig-tailed monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) by intratubal inoculation with serovar E
      or F Chlamydia trachomatis. Infection was confirmed by reisolation of the
      organism from both the endosalpinx and the endocervix. An antibody response to
      the infecting strain of C. trachomatis was demonstrated in monkey sera and in
      cervical secretions by the microimmunofluorescence test. A cellular immune
      response to C. trachomatis was shown by the in vitro lymphocyte transformation
      assay. Histopathologic examination of the endosalpinx following infection showed
      epithelial degeneration and deciliation of ciliated cells. Lymphocytic
      infiltration into both submucosa and mucosa was present at day 7 and approximated
      areas of epithelial cell degeneration. Two control monkeys remained unresponsive
      throughout the study. These results indicate that the pig-tailed macaque should
      be a suitable model for further studies of the pathogenesis of, immune responses
      to, and therapy for acute C. trachomatis salpingitis.

PMID- 4070909
TI  - Role of cell-mediated immunity in chlamydial infection: implications for ocular
      immunity.
AB  - Cellular immunity to Chlamydia trachomatis is not well understood. Studies with
      the mouse pneumonitis agent in a mouse pneumonia model suggest a strong thymic
      component to immunity and a role for the macrophage as an effector cell in cell
      mediated immunity to C. trachomatis. Experiments with Chlamydia psittaci indicate
      that cellular cytotoxic mechanisms and biostatic or cytotoxic mechanisms
      involving cytokines may also play a role in host defense against chlamydiae.
      Interferon has been shown to inhibit intracellular growth of both C. trachomatis
      and C. psittaci in vitro. Further studies are needed on the role of T lymphocytes
      or lymphokines and macrophages in limiting the growth of C. trachomatis in
      conjunctival epithelial cells (the most appropriate target cells) and in exerting
      a toxic effect on these cells. The evidence suggests that macrophages are
      activated during C. trachomatis infection; this activation may lead to the
      release of monokines (such as interleukin 1) that may be important in the
      pathogenesis of scarring due to over-stimulation of cellular immunity during
      ocular infection. Cell-mediated immunity to ocular infection with C. trachomatis
      may thus be a double-edged sword.

PMID- 4070910
TI  - The community epidemiology of trachoma.
AB  - Effective eradication of avoidable blindness due to trachoma requires an
      understanding of the epidemiologic determinants that promote the disease. These
      determinants include both host factors, such as age, sex, and race, and
      environmental determinants, including climate, water availability, and general
      socioeconomic conditions. All of these factors may drastically modify the
      incidence, prevalence, and severity of trachoma within a community. Longitudinal
      seroepidemiologic studies on the transmission of the infection have helped to
      elucidate the more important risk factors in trachomatous communities, and this
      information must be carefully considered in the assessment of proposed programs
      for trachoma control.

PMID- 4070911
TI  - Risk-factor studies as an epidemiologic tool.
AB  - Anecdotal and historical data strongly suggest that environmental factors and
      hygienic practices play a major role in chlamydial transmission and the
      maintenance of endemic blinding trachoma. They also suggest that relatively minor
      alterations in these practices can have a profound impact, virtually eliminating
      trachoma as a blinding disease. This is especially critical, since few countries
      can now afford extensive, ongoing chemoprophylaxis programs. Epidemiologic
      studies are now needed to identify the critical risk factors in each affected
      culture. A recent study that used this approach found that in one region the
      simple hygienic practice of face washing was strongly associated with trachoma
      status. The next task will be to carry out appropriately designed intervention
      trials to establish the significance of such a factor and the possibility of
      altering it.

PMID- 4070913
TI  - Development of trachoma control programs and the involvement of national
      resources.
AB  - Trachoma, one of the commonest eye diseases in developing countries, is
      associated with adverse living conditions and low socioeconomic status. The
      control of trachoma as a blinding disease has been the target of many national
      campaigns. The strategy of such campaigns has usually been based on intermittent
      topical treatment on a mass or selective basis, together with services for
      trichiasis surgery and health education. National campaigns against trachoma have
      often been successful on a short-term basis but have not always achieved their
      long-term goals. Sustained efforts are needed to maintain trachoma control, an
      area of endeavor that lends itself well to integration with general health
      services, particularly on a primary health care basis. In addition to logistic
      aspects, treatment compliance and behavioral patterns related to living
      conditions must be considered in the design of trachoma control programs.

PMID- 4070912
TI  - Strategies for treatment and control of blinding trachoma: cost-effectiveness of
      topical or systemic antibiotics.
AB  - Treatment programs for prevention of blindness from trachoma in areas of
      endemicity are based on mass therapy, i.e., the topical application of antibiotic
      to the eyes of all persons in affected communities. When oral antibiotics are
      administered as a supplement to topical therapy, the healing rates among children
      with severe-intensity trachoma significantly improve. Moreover, the use of oral
      antibiotics (either tetracycline or doxycycline) in selected cases is a cost
      effective strategy, particularly in communities where less than 20% of children
      have active trachoma. Systemic antibiotic treatment should be given only to
      children with severe- or moderate-intensity disease--those at significant risk of
      developing blindness. Children should be monitored carefully during systemic
      chemotherapy for adverse reactions.

PMID- 4070914
TI  - Community-based action for the control of trachoma.
AB  - Some characteristics, including cultural dislocation, are common to various
      trachomatous populations. Cultural changes or behavioral modifications and the
      utilization of certain health-related hardware are needed for the eradication of
      trachoma. Without appropriate cultural changes, various health-promotion efforts
      (e.g., birth control and malaria control programs) generally fail. With such
      changes, these programs are often successful; examples include health-promoting
      activities among Maori, Indian, and Australian populations. Community-based
      trachoma action consists of the provision of appropriately chosen health-related
      hardware and the instigation of activities that encourage its use. In the
      designing of these activities, the following factors are important: an
      understanding of the history and "real time" situation of the trachomatous group;
      a commitment to the group's welfare and general advancement; an appreciation of
      other health-related efforts that may be required before, during, or after the
      development of the trachoma control program; and support from and involvement of
      the client group at all times and at all levels.

PMID- 4070915
TI  - Sociomedical contributions to trachoma research and intervention.
AB  - Although the importance of human factors in the transmission and control of
      blinding trachoma has long been recognized, little sociomedical research has been
      undertaken on this disease. The trachoma literature contains considerable
      anecdotal information and a few reports relating to human behavioral, cultural,
      social, and economic factors, but systematic study in this area is needed. The
      potential range of sociomedical contributions to trachoma research is wide,
      including studies on the transmission of the disease, its consequences
      (especially blindness), and the planning, logistics, monitoring, and evaluation
      of intervention programs.

PMID- 4070916
TI  - Humoral and cellular immune responses to Onchocerca volvulus infection in humans.
AB  - Onchocerciasis is one of the major filarial diseases affecting humans and a
      leading cause of blindness. Control of the disease by chemotherapy and by
      elimination of the vector is not feasible in most areas of endemicity. The host
      immune response is thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of
      complications. However, there is no clear evidence of protective immunity to
      reinfection in individuals who continue to be exposed to infective larvae.
      Antigens of Onchocerca volvulus are complex and show extensive cross-reactivity
      with other filarial parasites of humans and animals. Infection in humans results
      in the production of precipitating and reaginic antibodies to the parasite and in
      increases in levels of immunoglobulins that have no apparent specificity for
      parasitic antigens. Chronic antigenic stimulation in the presence of an antibody
      response leads to increased levels of circulating immune complexes. Cell-mediated
      immunity to parasite-derived antigens, as measured by migration inhibition,
      lymphocyte blastogenesis, and delayed skin-test reactivity, is decreased during
      infection. In addition, there is a decrease in delayed skin-test reactivity and
      in lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to unrelated antigens.

PMID- 4070917
TI  - Immediate hypersensitivity responses in the immunopathogenesis of human
      onchocerciasis.
AB  - It is not clear what role immediate hypersensitivity immune responses have in the
      pathogenesis of human onchocerciasis, but it is certain that these responses are
      prominent both in the course of natural infection and during the Mazzotti
      reactions that follow treatment with diethylcarbamazine. In humans, the levels of
      total serum IgE associated with onchocerciasis are as high or higher than those
      associated with almost any helminth infection, although specific IgE antibodies
      to Onchocerca volvulus appear to be a small and still poorly characterized
      fraction of the total serum IgE. Evidence about the relationship of these
      prominent IgE responses in patients with onchocerciasis to the onchocercal skin
      disease that manifests as pruritus and papular eruptions is conflicting, but in a
      guinea pig model of ocular pathology induced by onchocerca microfilariae evidence
      for the pathogenetic importance of IgE and immediate hypersensitivity is much
      less equivocal. The suggestive findings from this model make it imperative to
      carry out similar studies of Onchocerca-affected human eyes to determine whether
      immediate hypersensitivity responses play a similar critical role in the
      pathogenesis of the ocular lesions in humans.

PMID- 4070918
TI  - Variations in host responses and the pathogenesis of human onchocerciasis.
AB  - Different immune responses to Onchocerca volvulus cause considerable variation in
      clinical manifestations of human onchocerciasis. Onchocercal lesions result from
      inflammatory reactions involving immunologic mechanisms; the role of the immune
      system in pathogenesis is emphasized by the phenomena accompanying accelerated
      worm destruction during microfilaricidal chemotherapy (e.g., eosinophilia,
      changes in total immunoglobulin level, and anaphylactic symptoms). Although most
      pathologic changes are associated with the microfilarial stage, the extent to
      which circulating antibodies are directed against antigens in the adult worm or
      its uterine constituents is unknown. Microfilarial destruction can be mediated by
      antibody to the surface-associated antigens of the worms and enhanced by
      complement; a correlation exists between the presence of these antibodies and
      punctate keratitis. Heterogeneous immunologic components are associated with the
      surface of dermal and nodular microfilariae in vivo. Preliminary findings
      indicate that the level of O. volvulus-specific immune complexes is inversely
      proportional to the microfilarial load. To monitor a patient's clinical status
      and immunologic response, a quantitative system dividing symptoms into those
      associated with active responses to the microfilariae and those representing long
      term consequences of these reactions is suggested.

PMID- 4070919
TI  - Pathologic changes of human onchocerciasis: implications for future research.
AB  - Onchocerciasis--infection by Onchocerca volvulus--has four cardinal
      manifestations: dermatitis, subcutaneous nodules, sclerosing lymphadenitis, and
      eye disease. The first three are discussed here. The dermatitis begins when
      microfilariae degenerate in the dermis. This process is accompanied by
      inflammation, with degranulation of eosinophils and deposition of the major basic
      protein of the eosinophil granules on the cuticle of the microfilariae. So far as
      is known, the chronic effects of onchocerciasis are all a consequence of the
      degeneration of microfilariae. Subcutaneous nodules contain coiled adult worms
      and have an outer layer of fibrous scar and a central inflammatory cell exudate,
      which may cavitate. Perfusion of India ink reveals arborization of capillaries
      around adult worms, which derive nutrition from these networks. Onchocercal
      lymphadenitis is characterized initially by histiocytic hyperplasia and
      follicular atrophy and later by fibrosis and obstruction of lymph flow, a
      condition causing adenolymphocele ("hanging groin") and elephantiasis of the
      genitalia. Some patients appear to have immune tolerance to degenerating
      microfilariae, perhaps as a result of exposure in utero to microfilarial antigens
      in the maternal circulation. In contrast, other patients (Yemenites, for example)
      have a localized but intense response to a few microfilariae; these patients are
      hypersensitive--perhaps because they were not exposed to microfilarial antigens
      in utero. Autopsy data on infection of deep organs are limited.

PMID- 4070920
TI  - Onchocerciasis: experimental models of ocular disease.
AB  - Onchocerciasis is a leading cause of blindness in equatorial Africa and in
      endemic regions in Central America. Understanding of the pathologic processes
      involved in onchocercal eye disease and of the role of immunopathologic
      mechanisms in its development has been substantially limited by the shortage of
      eyes for histologic study and by the lack of a naturally occurring animal model.
      The inoculation of microfilariae of Onchocerca species into the eyes of
      laboratory animals may reproduce selected aspects of onchocercal eye disease,
      such as punctate keratitis. Studies in these models support the hypothesis that
      immunopathologic mechanisms mediated by IgE antibody are involved in the
      development of ocular lesions. In some laboratory animal models,
      diethylcarbamazine citrate, a microfilaricidal drug that causes severe
      inflammatory reactions to microfilariae in humans, increases the severity of
      ocular lesions, and stimulates IgE antibody responses. Laboratory animal studies
      are potentially highly useful for understanding the immunopathogenesis of ocular
      onchocerciasis.

PMID- 4070921
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies as investigative tools in onchocerciasis.
AB  - The development of monoclonal antibodies against parasites can facilitate
      analysis of host-parasite interactions and can lead to the identification and
      characterization of antigens that induce protective responses in the immunized
      host. As diagnostic reagents for human and bovine onchocerciasis, monoclonal
      antibodies have been used to detect circulating antigens. So far only complex
      antigens have been used to generate monoclonal antibodies against filarial
      parasites. The use of such heterogeneous immunogens may result in interference or
      even in inhibition of the response to the desired parasite antigen(s). Epitopes
      that are similar or identical to determinants on host molecules or that are
      components of other infectious agents serve to complicate the generation and
      selection of monoclonal antibodies against Onchocerca volvulus antigens, and
      cross-reactivity can be due to monoclonal antibodies reacting with
      phosphorylcholine, which is present in many preparations of helminth antigens.
      Because of the host-dependent immunogenicity of filarial agents, reagents should
      be screened carefully for species specificity by use of a set of different
      helminth antigens. It is hoped that active collaboration among all investigators
      engaged in filariasis research will facilitate resolution of such difficulties.

PMID- 4070922
TI  - Global priorities in the control of onchocerciasis.
AB  - Onchocerciasis is a major blinding disease. Appropriately, the World Health
      Organization, in cooperation with other United Nations agencies, supports two
      large-scale onchocerciasis programs. First, the Special Programme for Research
      and Training in Tropical Diseases has provided major support for much of the
      recent research on onchocerciasis. Second, the Onchocerciasis Control Programme
      is an ambitious, service-oriented effort to eliminate onchocerciasis as a public
      health problem in the Volta River basin area of West Africa. Initially, the
      latter program focused on vector control measures; recently, however, it has
      launched a major chemotherapy development initiative. Taken together, these two
      programs provide comprehensive support for the development of chemotherapy and
      vector control measures. However, in the absence of another integrated research
      program, there is a need to strengthen the available support for research into
      the immunologic aspects of onchocerciasis.

PMID- 4070923
TI  - Rheumatoid factors in rheumatoid arthritis and vasculitis.
AB  - To study the occurrence of rheumatoid factors (RF) in relation to the activity of
      rheumatoid arthritis and the occurrence of vasculitis, RF of IgM, IgA, and IgG
      classes were measured in sera from 35 patients with definite or classic
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using ELISA. For 26 patients, the RF levels were
      studied longitudinally and compared with changes in the articular index. Although
      IgM RF was occasionally found in patients without RA, IgA and/or IgG RF were
      almost exclusively associated with RA. The titers of IgM, IgA, and IgG RF were
      significantly higher in sera from patients with clinically diagnosed rheumatoid
      vasculitis than in sera from patients without vasculitis. No significant
      correlation between changes in the articular index and changes in titer of any
      class-specific RF could be found for the group of RA patients as a whole.
      However, in individual patients, increases or decreases in IgM and IgG RF titer
      were significantly correlated with an increase or decrease in the articular
      index.

PMID- 4070924
TI  - Borderline-tissues as sites of antigen deposition and persistence--a unifying
      concept of rheumatoid inflammation?
AB  - In organs of rheumatoid inflammation avascular tissue is nourished by perfusion
      either directly from the blood stream or by neighbouring blood vessels
      (borderline-tissue). An open question remains whether this borderline-tissue
      promotes only the known antigen persistence, or also the first deposition of the
      pathogenetically important microbial antigen, and subsequently a deposition of
      immune complexes. The three markers (carbon, latex, and living bacteria) used in
      this study led to nearly the same pattern of deposition in two groups of organ
      systems: Organs with clearance function belonging to the mononuclear phagocyte
      system (MPS); organs with borderline-tissues: joint, kidney, artery, heart valve,
      and eye. This deposition at the borderline can be observed best in areas of the
      joint where highly vascularized tissues are adjacent to avascular tissues
      nourished via perfusion: perichondrium, peritendineum, periosteum, and endo- and
      perimysium. These localisations of particle deposition correspond exactly with
      the intraarticular predilection sites of chronic rheumatoid inflammation in man
      and animals. Our results indicate an easier settlement of corpuscular material in
      these localisations, which at the same time are unable to eliminate such
      substances, unlike the organs of the MPS. Our studies seem to support the theory
      of pathogenetic importance of the borderline-tissues as a localizing factor in
      the perpetuating rheumatoid inflammation.

PMID- 4070925
TI  - Fibronectin production by synovial intimal cells.
AB  - The distribution of fibronectin in the inflamed synovium has been described
      previously using immunohistochemical methods. Under favourable conditions, it is
      possible to demonstrate apparent cytoplasmic staining of the intimal cell layer.
      We have further investigated the localisation of fibronectin in the synovial
      intimal cells using higher resolution techniques with peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      staining and high power light microscopy of semi-thin Araldite sections and
      immunoelectron microscopy using a protein A-gold technique. Synovia from 11
      mechanical/traumatic, or osteoarthritic joints; 12 seropositive rheumatoid
      arthritis and nine cases from other joint diseases made a total of 32 cases
      examined in semi-thin sections, while six rheumatoid and two osteoarthritis
      synovia were studied by immunoelectron microscopy. Fibronectin was demonstrated
      in individual cells of the synovial intimal layer in 22 out of 32 samples
      examined by the light microscope method, and electron microscopy of adjacent
      sections showed that the positively staining cells were type B synoviocytes.
      Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the presence of fibronectin within the rough
      endoplasmic reticulum of type B synoviocytes in all but one of the eight samples
      examined. The results provide evidence that the type B synoviocyte is responsible
      for fibronectin production.

PMID- 4070926
TI  - Cyclophosphamide-induced remission in Weber-Christian panniculitis.
AB  - A patient with Weber-Christian panniculitis is described in this report in which
      treatment with prednisone and hydroxychloroquine caused no improvement of the
      disease, and even led to a worsening of the symptoms. In contrast, administration
      of oral cyclophosphamide led to a rapid remission of the disease. As Weber
      Christian disease has no known aetiology and no specific treatment has been
      established, the successful therapy with the cytostatic drug cyclophosphamide may
      shed light on the pathogenesis of Weber-Christian panniculitis.

PMID- 4070927
TI  - Canine ovarian fibroma associated with prolonged exposure to mibolerone.
AB  - A study to determine the efficacy and safety of mibolerone following prolonged
      oral administration in the female dog was terminated after 9.6 yr.
      Histopathologic examination revealed the presence of small dense tumors in the
      ovaries of 12 of 92 dogs given mibolerone at the approximate efficacious dose. No
      such tumors were found in 60 vehicle control animals or 55 animals given
      exaggerated doses of mibolerone. The tumors were composed of dense fibrous
      connective tissue and incorporated occasional ovarian medullary tubules. The
      tumors appeared to grow by expansion with no evidence of invasion or metastasis
      and were diagnosed as fibromas.

PMID- 4070928
TI  - Nail loss and footpad erosions in beagle dogs given BW 134U, a nucleoside analog.
AB  - The oral administration of BW 134U to Beagle dogs in a 1-month study was
      associated with lameness, footpad erosions, and nail loss. Groups of dogs
      received 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg/day. Compound-related effects were observed in
      the high dose group and only during the postdose period. Light microscopy
      revealed prominent cell maturation or radiomimetic defects in the stratum
      germinativum of the distal phalanges and footpads. The mechanism by which BW 134U
      produced these cell maturation defects is unknown. There were no signs of adverse
      effects in other keratin-producing or keratin-containing tissues.

PMID- 4070929
TI  - Skin irritation testing in rabbits complicated by dermal mucormycosis.
AB  - Two insecticide formulations were evaluated for skin irritation using albino
      rabbits (Stauffland-White strain). While the active ingredient alone produced
      only mild skin irritation, corn grit formulation produced severe skin irritation.
      Corn grit from three sources (A, B, and C) was similarly evaluated for skin
      irritation and at 24 hr, all samples produced erythema and edema of both the
      abraded and nonabraded test sites. Eschar was observed in 72 hr in about half of
      the rabbits and persisted through termination on the 7th day. Histologic
      examination of skin specimens revealed that all three corn grit samples produced
      epidermatitis. In addition, rabbits exposed to corn grit from two sources (A and
      B), developed moderate focal to severe diffuse suppurative necrotizing
      folliculitis and dermatitis. Large tubular branching nonseptate hyphae compatible
      with the Mucorales species were seen in hair follicle micropustules of rabbits
      treated with corn grit from sources A and B. Mycologic culture techniques applied
      to corn grit from each source revealed a potential pathogen in the genus Rhizopus
      isolated from samples from sources A and C but not B. The skin irritation test
      involved application of test material covered with gauze to both abraded and
      nonabraded skin. Rubber damming was placed over the gauze and secured with tape.
      After 24-hr exposure all bandaging and visible test material were removed. Skin
      irritation was evaluated immediately after removal and then periodically until
      termination at 7 days.

PMID- 4070930
TI  - Carcinogenicity testing of antitumor agents.
AB  - Carcinogenicity testing of antitumor agents in animal bioassays has been proposed
      because of the potential for carcinogenicity of this class of agents and the
      expectation that such testing may indicate prospectively the target organs of any
      related human oncogenesis. The literature reveals the anticipated confirmations
      in animals of the carcinogenicity of many antitumor agents. Furthermore, these
      agents have been associated with human tumors in numerous case reports. Review of
      the literature also indicates the inability of animal studies to predict the
      sites of carcinogen-induced tumors in man. The carcinogenic risk assessment of
      antitumor agents should begin with the determination of the ability of the agent
      to interact with DNA. Those agents which are capable of alkylating or binding DNA
      should be tested for mutagenic and teratogenic potential. The presumption of
      carcinogenicity should be made for DNA-reactive, mutagenic/teratogenic antitumor
      agents without requiring confirmation in long-term carcinogenicity bioassays in
      large numbers of animals. The inability of carcinogenicity studies in animals to
      accurately predict potential human tumor sites must also be recognized.

PMID- 4070931
TI  - Oesophagostomiasis in feral monkeys (Macaca mulatta).
AB  - For periods of 3, 6, and 12 months, 104 feral rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
      were on test. At the time of necropsy, 26 had caseous granulomatous lesions in
      the submucosa of the colon consistent with oesophagostomiasis. Five also had
      histologically identified granulomatous lesions without caseation of various
      colonic and more distant arterioles. The lesions were seen in the submucosa and
      subserosa of the colon, the kidney, the adventitial tissue of the prostate, the
      pancreas, and the heart. Presumptive evidence of the migration of the parasite
      was found in the adventitial tissue of the esophagus. Fragments of the larvae in
      arterioles and the caseous submucosa of the colon were consistent morphologically
      with the species Oesophagostomum. Acellular masses of what was interpreted as
      cuticle of a molting parasite were found in the lung. A mature female nematode
      was found encysted in the lung. The identity of that parasite and the cuticle has
      not been established.

PMID- 4070932
TI  - Spermatocytic seminoma in the rat.
AB  - During the necropsy of a 2-yr-old untreated control rat from a carcinogenicity
      study, a tan brown nodular mass was observed within the tunica albuginea of one
      testis. Both testes were processed for light and transmission electron
      microscopy. Histologically, the testicular mass was composed of round to
      polyhedral cells with distinct cell boundaries, amphophilic cytoplasm, fine
      nuclear chromatin, and a delicate fibrovascular supporting stroma.
      Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells displayed features associated with
      spermatocytic differentiation. Based on the light microscopic and the
      ultrastructural features, the tumor was considered a spermatocytic seminoma of
      the testis, a rare tumor in the rat.

PMID- 4070933
TI  - The effect of exsanguination on organ weight of rats.
AB  - In three experiments, rats were anesthetized and killed by exsanguination or were
      killed by an overdose of anesthetic and not exsanguinated. The second group of
      rats in each experiment mimicked rats found dead on toxicology studies. Liver and
      kidney weights of rats killed by exsanguination were statistically significantly
      lower than those of rats not exsanguinated both in terms of gross organ weight
      and of percentage of body weight. The results of these experiments indicate that
      organ weight data of rats killed by exsanguination should be segregated from
      those of rats found dead. In fact, because of uncontrollable variables, organs of
      rats found dead should not be weighed.

PMID- 4070934
TI  - Interstitial cell tumors in a young adult New Zealand white rabbit.
AB  - One case of interstitial cell tumors in the testicles of a New Zealand White
      rabbit was reported. The rabbit was 8-10 months old and had bilateral testicular
      lesions. There was no enlargement of either testicle and the lesions were first
      seen on the cut surface. Light and electron microscopy revealed that the cellular
      morphology resembled the features observed for this tumor in rats, dogs, and a
      few other domestic animals in which reports are available.

PMID- 4070935
TI  - Detection of ovarian cancer marker CA 125 in human seminal plasma.
AB  - Ovarian cancer marker CA 125-like immunoreactivity was detected in human seminal
      plasma. The levels were 17-720 U/ml in specimens from normospermic men (n = 35),
      22-1150 U/ml in samples from 46 men with either oligo-, astheno-, terato- or
      necrospermia, and 36-1096 U/ml in 7 vasectomized men. No significant differences
      were found in the CA 125 levels between the groups studied. Low CA 125 levels
      (less than 35 U/ml) were detected in male sera. Serial dilutions of seminal
      plasma and ovarian cancer serum gave parallel dose-response curves. No
      correlation was observed between the age of men, sperm count, volume of seminal
      plasma or percent of motile spermatozooa and CA 125 levels in seminal plasma. CA
      125 in seminal plasma does not seem to be of testicular origin, as the levels in
      vasectomized and non-vasectomized men were similar. In gel filtration, CA 125
      immunoreactivity in seminal plasma and ovarian cancer serum eluted in the same
      volume corresponding to a molecular weight of about 130 kD.

PMID- 4070936
TI  - Evaluation of the value of fluorometric serum heat stable alkaline phosphatase
      assay in patients operated on for ovarian tumors.
AB  - The usefulness of a simple fluorometric assay for serum heat-stable alkaline
      phosphatase (HSAP) in the diagnosis and follow-up of ovarian cancer patients was
      evaluated. 50 percent of the patients with malignant ovarian tumors had serum
      HSAP-activities above the upper reference range. Active production of this tumor
      marker in malignant but not in benign ovarian tumors was demonstrated by
      analysing serum HSAP-activities in ovarian vein blood. After operation, serum
      HSAP-activities decreased in all cancer patients with elevated preoperative
      values. Our results suggest that fluorometric serum HSAP-assay may be a useful
      alternative method for the determination of this tumor marker especially in a
      clinical laboratory.

PMID- 4070937
TI  - [CT diagnosis of the retrocaval ureter].
AB  - The article describes the value of CT in the diagnosis of the circumcaval ureter.
      The clinical symptoms of the rare anomaly are discussed.

PMID- 4070938
TI  - [Calcified aortic stenosis].

PMID- 4070939
TI  - [Chronic aortic insufficiency. Clinical and paraclinical aspects and therapeutic
      strategy].

PMID- 4070940
TI  - [Acute aortic insufficiency. Clinical and paraclinical aspects and therapeutic
      strategy].

PMID- 4070941
TI  - [Evaluation of valve surgery in acquired diseases of the aortic orifice].

PMID- 4070942
TI  - [Monitoring the patient with valvulopathy].

PMID- 4070943
TI  - [For your practice...you might keep in mind...].

PMID- 4070944
TI  - [Digestive hemorrhage in ulcer disease].

PMID- 4070945
TI  - [The effect of repeated fasting in rats of various ages on the levels of plasma
      proteins, blood glucose and the hematocrit].

PMID- 4070946
TI  - [Dysgammaglobulinemia with a reduced IgA in pneumology].

PMID- 4070947
TI  - [Plastic surgery of the gracilis muscle in the surgical treatment of
      urethrorectal fistulae].

PMID- 4070948
TI  - [The need for teaching physician-patient and health care team communication
      skills in undergraduate medical education].

PMID- 4070949
TI  - The use of kits in clinical laboratories.

PMID- 4070950
TI  - Creatine kinase BB in cerebrospinal fluid and blood: methodology and possible
      clinical application.

PMID- 4070951
TI  - An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for measurements of lactoferrin in duodenal
      aspirates and other biological fluids.
AB  - A sensitive and specific enzyme linked immunoassay for lactoferrin is described.
      The assay is designed to estimate lactoferrin concentrations in samples of
      duodenal aspirate, but is suitable for other biological fluids as well. The
      detection limit was 4.7 pmol/l. Within and between assay reproducibility was 41
      and 178 pmol/l (1 SD), respectively, at a concentration of 1974 pmol/l. In the
      fasting state the concentration of lactoferrin in duodenal aspirates of three
      normal subjects ranged from 0-390 pmol/l and increased to 2860-14,820 pmol/l
      after pancreatic stimulation.

PMID- 4070952
TI  - Frontal subcutaneous blood flow, and epi- and subcutaneous temperatures during
      scalp cooling in normal man.
AB  - Cooling of the scalp has been found to prevent hair loss following cytostatic
      treatment, but in order to obtain the hair preserving effect the subcutaneous
      temperature has to be reduced below 22 degrees C. In order to establish the
      relationship between epicutaneous and subcutaneous temperatures during cooling
      and rewarming and to measure the effect of scalp cooling on subcutaneous scalp
      blood flow, subcutaneous blood flow and epi- and subcutaneous temperatures were
      measured in the frontal region at the hairline border before and during cooling
      with a cooling helmet, during spontaneous rewarming of the cooling helmet and
      after removal of the rewarmed helmet in 10 normal subjects. Subcutaneous blood
      flow was reduced to about 25% of the postcooling control level during cooling.
      The flow was constantly reduced until the subcutaneous temperature exceeded 30-32
      degrees C. A linear relationship between epicutaneous and subcutaneous
      temperatures could be demonstrated with the regression equation: s = 0.9 c + 4.9
      (r = 0.99). In eight of the 10 subjects the subcutaneous temperature could be
      reduced below 22 degrees C with the applied technique. It is concluded that the
      hair preserving effect of scalp cooling during cytostatic treatment is mainly due
      to the metabolic effect of cooling, and only to a minor extent due to the flow
      reducing effect.

PMID- 4070953
TI  - Haemodynamic and metabolic consequences of elevated plasma free fatty acids
      during acute ischaemic left ventricular failure in dogs.
AB  - Haemodynamic and metabolic effects of elevated plasma concentrations of free
      fatty acids (FFA) were studied during acute ischaemic left ventricular failure in
      closed-chest anaesthetized dogs. Embolization of the left main coronary artery
      with 50 micron plastic microspheres induced severe depression of left ventricular
      performance as indicated by a marked increase in left ventricular end-diastolic
      pressure (LVEDP), and marked reductions in LVdP/dtmax, cardiac output and
      myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2). When stable conditions were reached, eight
      dogs received a triglyceride emulsion and heparin to raise plasma FFA. This was
      associated with increased MVO2 and further elevation of LVEDP. In two dogs
      receiving the triglyceride emulsion but no heparin, plasma FFA was not elevated,
      and MVO2 and LVEDP were unchanged. In conclusion, elevation of plasma FFA was
      associated with increased myocardial oxygen requirement and further depression of
      LV function in dogs with acute ischaemic LV failure.

PMID- 4070954
TI  - Determination of the tissue-to-blood partition coefficient for 131iodo-antipyrine
      in human subcutaneous adipose tissue.
AB  - 131Iodo-antipyrine (131I-AP) is commonly used for blood flow measurements in
      adipose tissue. These estimations have been based on the assumption of the tissue
      to-blood partition coefficient being 1 ml g-1. No exact determination of the
      tissue-to-blood partition coefficient for 131I-AP in adipose tissue has been
      carried out. In the present study a partition coefficient of 1.12 +/- 0.06 (mean
      +/- S.D.) for 131I-AP in adipose tissue has been determined based on the
      partition coefficient for 131I-AP between lipid-saline (1.24 ml g-1), red blood
      cells-plasma (0.64 ml g-1), protein-saline (0.19 ml g-1) and plasma-saline (0.84
      ml ml-1).

PMID- 4070955
TI  - Chemical analyses for early differential diagnosis between bacterial and viral
      meningitis.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to evaluate the benefit of measuring different
      chemical parameters in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), at the time of admittance
      to hospital, for rapid differentiation between bacterial and viral meningitis. In
      addition to the leucocyte count, the CSF concentration of total protein, glucose
      (together with blood glucose), lactate, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase
      was determined. The results revealed that the CSF lactate and the CSF:blood
      glucose ratio were the two best parameters for this purpose. When the information
      from these analyses was combined a complete separation between the two kinds of
      meningitis could be obtained.

PMID- 4070956
TI  - Interstitial fluid volume, plasma volume and transcapillary colloid osmotic
      gradient in patients with hepatic cirrhosis and fluid retention.
AB  - Colloid osmotic pressure in plasma (IIp) and in subcutaneous interstitial fluid
      (IIi) (wick technique), plasma volume (PV) and interstitial fluid volume (IFV)
      were measured in 12 patients with hepatic cirrhosis and fluid retention. The
      value of IIp (mean +/- SD) was 21.4 +/- 4.2 mmHg (28.6 +/- 3.4 mmHg in normal
      subjects (p less than 0.01)), mean IIi was 8.6 +/- 2.2 mmHg (15.8 +/- 2.7 mmHg in
      normal subjects (p less than 0.01)) and mean transcapillary colloid osmotic
      gradient (IIp-IIi) was 12.7 +/- 3.8 mmHg compared to 12.8 +/- 2.7 mmHg in normal
      subjects (p greater than 0.1). Mean PV was increased by 21% compared to normal
      values (p less than 0.01) and IFV increased by 43% (p less than 0.01). The study
      demonstrates that reduction in IIp in hepatic cirrhosis is accompanied by a
      decrease of IIi in subcutaneous tissue resulting in unchanged transcapillary
      colloid osmotic gradient. The reduction in IIi can partly be explained by simple
      dilution and partly by a decrease in interstitial protein mass. The wash-down of
      interstitial proteins in non-splanchnic tissues reduces the tendency to oedema
      and hypovolaemia.

PMID- 4070957
TI  - The double isotope technique for in vivo determination of the tissue-to-blood
      partition coefficient for xenon in human subcutaneous adipose tissue--an
      evaluation.
AB  - Local subcutaneous 133xenon (133Xe) elimination was registered in the human
      forefoot in 34 patients. The tissue/blood partition coefficient for Xe was
      estimated individually by simultaneous registration of 133Xe and [131I]antipyrine
      ([131I]AP) washout from the same local depot. When measured in this way, an
      average partition coefficient for Xe was found to be 4.3 +/- 1.23 ml g-1. This
      value is significantly lower than the partition coefficient found in a previous
      in vitro study in which a Xe partition coefficient of 7.5 +/- 1.57 ml g-1 was
      found. Thus, if the local blood flow is calculated using the partition
      coefficient found by the double isotope technique, significantly lower values are
      obtained than if the in vitro determined coefficient is used. This difference is
      explained mainly by local dilution when injecting xenon subcutaneously. In short
      term studies, utilization of the double isotope technique reduces the coefficient
      of variation on average flow determinations, thus an improvement in accuracy of
      local blood flow estimation can be obtained compared to the method in which an
      average partition coefficient is used. For long-term studies a partition
      coefficient of 7.5 ml g-1 seems valid.

PMID- 4070958
TI  - Preparation of an optically clear frozen human control serum.
AB  - A new method was developed for the preparation of a human control serum. All
      equipment used will be available in any clinical laboratory. An in-between
      storage period of 2 months at -20 degrees C for the combined serum pool proved
      obligatory to obtain a stable, well defined control serum. In our procedure the
      heavy turbidity inherent to outdated thawed serum is removed by vacuum filtration
      over Avicel cellulose. The resulting serum filtrate is clarified to a degree such
      that it can readily be passed through a filterset consisting of four filters with
      diminishing pore size from 8.0 to 0.22 micron. The time needed for the total
      filtration of 10 litres will not exceed 2 to 3 h using 90 mm diameter filters. In
      our experience over a period of more than 3 years, these controls stored at -20
      degrees C had a stability of at least 1 year for non-enzymatic as well as most
      enzymatic components. Information is provided on the stability and concentration
      levels of components measured by immunological methods, that is, radioimmunoassay
      and turbidimetry. We monitor 50 parameters with the control serum described.

PMID- 4070959
TI  - Reproducibility of the fluorescein dilaurate pancreatic function test.
AB  - The indirect pancreatic function test, the fluorescein dilaurate test, was
      performed twice on nine healthy volunteers. The test is based on the renal
      excretion of fluorescein liberated from an ingested fluorescein ester by
      pancreatic enzymes. As a control, fluorescein sodium was ingested under similar
      conditions. The results of the test are expressed as the ratio of the amount of
      fluorescein excreted in the test part and the control part, forming the
      test/control (T/C) ratio. The mean values of excreted fluorescein correlated well
      with those reported by other authors. The coefficient of variation was 35% in the
      repeated test and of the same order in the series of individuals. The test cannot
      be recommended as a quantitative test until further investigation has been
      performed. Its use as a screening test is found questionable.

PMID- 4070960
TI  - Cutaneous blood flow in the foot following lumbar sympathectomy.
AB  - Cutaneous blood flow in the foot was assessed by 125I iodoantipyrine clearance in
      patients with peripheral vascular disease. Three groups were studied: group (a)
      consisted of 10 controls, Group (b) of 10 patients who had arterial
      reconstruction, and Group (c) of 10 patients having lumbar sympathectomy. Skin
      blood flow remained constant in the control patients. In Group (b) arterial
      reconstruction increased skin blood flow from mean 4.3 ml/100g/min to a mean of
      14.9 ml/100g/min (p less than 0.001). In group (c) skin blood flow did not
      significantly change from a mean preoperative value of 7.6 ml/100g/min to a mean
      postoperative value of 8.1 (ml/100g/min). These results suggest that lumbar
      sympathectomy does not affect nutritional blood flow.

PMID- 4070961
TI  - The osmoregulatory system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in pre
      eclampsia and normotensive pregnancy.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin (AVP), angiotensin II (A II),
      aldosterone (Aldo), serum osmolality (Sosm), urine volume (V), and free water
      clearance (CH2O) were determined in the third trimester of pregnancy, and 5 days
      and 3 months after delivery in pre-eclampsia (group I), in normotensive pregnancy
      (group II), and in non-pregnant control subjects (group III). The AVP was the
      same in the third trimester of pregnancy in groups I and II and did not deviate
      significantly from the level in group III. However, 5 days after delivery, AVP
      was lower and V and CH2O higher in group I than in group II. There was no
      correlation between AVP and Sosm in the third trimester in either group I or II,
      but 5 days after delivery a significant positive correlation was found between
      these parameters in both groups I and II as well as in group III. The A II and
      Aldo changed qualitatively in the same way in groups I and II, that is,
      considerable elevation in the third trimester and normalization after delivery.
      Also, A II and Aldo were lower in group I than in II. The AVP and A II were not
      correlated and there was no significant relationship between systolic or
      diastolic blood pressure on the one hand and AVP, A II or Aldo on the other in
      either group I or II. Thus the osmoregulatory system appears to be altered in
      both pre-eclampsia and normotensive pregnancy, but becomes normal again 5 days
      after delivery. In pre-eclampsia a suppression of AVP seems to be responsible for
      the elimination of excess water in pre-eclampsia 5 days after delivery. There was
      no evidence for a causal relationship between blood pressure and the
      osmoregulatory system or the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in any of the
      pregnant groups.

PMID- 4070962
TI  - Purification of the pepsinogen A isozymogens by means of high resolution ion
      exchange chromatography. Evidence for post-translational modifications.
AB  - Total human pepsinogen (PG) was isolated from gastric fundic mucosa and PGA
      (formerly called PGI) from urine, using standard ion-exchange and gel filtration
      techniques. Gastric PGA was separated from PGC (formerly called PGII) either by
      immunoaffinity or high resolution ion-exchange chromatography (fast protein
      liquid chromatography, Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden). The individual PGA
      isozymogens 2, 3, 4 and 5 could be isolated to homogeneity with the aid of the
      same ion-exchanger. Evidence was obtained for the existence of secondary
      modifications of the PGA fractions 3, 4 and 5, electrophoretically overlapping
      the primary (genetic) isozymogens.

PMID- 4070963
TI  - Enzymatic assay for methotrexate in erythrocytes.
AB  - Methotrexate (MTX) accumulates in erythrocytes in MTX-treated patients. We
      present a modified enzymatic assay measuring MTX concentrations between 10 and 60
      nmol/l in erythrocytes, adapted for a centrifugal analyser (Cobas Bio). About 40
      patient's samples could be analysed within 1 h. The detection limit was 3 nmol/l.
      Within run and between-run precision was 7.4% and 13.5% for control 10 nmol/l and
      1.2% and 3.2% for control 50 nmol/l. Recovery was 85-115% of MTX added to
      haemolysed erythrocytes. We found the method useful for pharmacokinetic studies
      of MTX in erythrocytes in MTX-treated patients.

PMID- 4070964
TI  - An assay for estimating the cytotoxicity of synovial fluid from patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The joint is the prime site of involvement in rheumatoid arthritis: the synovium
      showing lymphocytic involvement and damage. The synovial fluid shows evidence of
      inflammation such as increased neutrophils and raised CRP. Application of a cell
      free extract of serum or synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis,
      or serum from normal individuals on to 111indium oxine radiolabelled endothelial
      cells and fibroblasts, promotes the release of the isotope as a result of cell
      damage and death (cytotoxicity). In paired samples, synovial fluid was
      consistently more cytotoxic than rheumatoid serum. There was no difference in the
      cytotoxicity of rheumatoid serum or normal serum. These results demonstrate the
      presence of soluble factors in synovial fluid, which are capable of destroying
      cells, typical of those found in the synovial cavity, in blood vessels and in
      connective tissue generally. This system may prove to be a useful model of
      inflammatory damage.

PMID- 4070965
TI  - ICSH/ICTH recommendations for reporting prothrombin time in oral anticoagulant
      control. International Committee for Standardization in Haematology &
      International Committee on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

PMID- 4070966
TI  - Simulation with pharmacological agents of radiation damage to small intestinal
      villi.
AB  - Irradiation induces damage to intestinal villi, resulting in a progressive
      decline in villous height and changes in topography. Gamma and neutron radiation
      are reported to cause changes in the structure of smooth muscle and nerve twigs
      of the intestinal wall. It is possible, therefore, that villous collapse may be
      due partly to changes in the underlying stromal elements as a result of damage to
      nerve or muscle. To test this hypothesis, mice were treated with the drug
      reserpine which is known to affect the neural control of intestinal smooth muscle
      function and the small intestine was examined for topographical and histological
      changes. Two dose levels of reserpine were used and a group of mice were exposed
      to a single dose of whole body 15 Gy X-irradiation. Comparable villous collapse
      was observed in each group. Resin embedded semi-thin sections revealed changes in
      the smooth muscle cells of the muscularis externa after each treatment,
      suggesting a correlation between villous collapse and smooth muscle damage in
      response to both irradiation and drug treatment.

PMID- 4070967
TI  - The effect of high energy (HZE) particle radiation (40Ar) on aging parameters of
      mouse hippocampus and retina.
AB  - Eight month old C57BL6 mice were exposed (head only) to 0.5 rad or 50 rads of
      Argon particles at the Lawrence Berkeley Radiation Facility, CA. Neuromotor
      performance was assessed monthly for six months beginning twelve weeks post
      irradiation using a "string test". The decline in motor performance was dose
      related and none of the animals was able to complete the task after four months
      of testing. Morphological changes were monitored six and twelve months post
      irradiation by light and electron microscopy. The synaptic density in the CA-1
      area of the hippocampus decreased six and twelve months after irradiation. The
      decrease after twelve months was less than after six months. The width of the
      outer nuclear layer (ONL) of the retina increased with increasing dose. The
      number of blood vessels between the ONL and the ganglion layer decreased twelve
      months after irradiation and this area did not show significant accumulation of
      age pigment.

PMID- 4070968
TI  - The endothelium of initial lymphatics during postnatal development of the rat
      tongue.
AB  - The luminal surface of the subepithelial lymphatic plexus in the tongue of rats
      was investigated with SEM at different stages of postnatal development. In
      newborn and infant animals prominent and branched endothelial cells exhibit a
      conspicuous phenomenon producing a very irregular inner profile of the vascular
      wall. Among these cells the spindle-shaped type proves to be an essential
      component of the valve structures already found in few-day-old animals. There are
      also prominent cells with a polygonal appearance resembling histioblasts which
      form with their manifold processes, that partly extend into the lumen, an
      interlacing cellular pattern. The special morphological characteristics of the
      endothelium of the initial lymphatics already occurring in early postnatal
      development point to several particular functional activities such as controlled
      permeability, contractility, phagocytotic property, and demonstrate the
      exceptional position of this kind of vessel among the structures of the lymph-
      and blood-draining system.

PMID- 4070969
TI  - Use of polymer casts or metal particle infusion of ducts to study antigen uptake
      in the guinea pig mammary gland.
AB  - Microcorrosion casts were made of the duct system of guinea pig mammary glands by
      intramammary infusion of Mercox polyester resin following involution of the
      glands after the first lactation. The acinar configuration of the involuted gland
      was apparent on examination of the casts by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
      Surface features, which were readily identified as those of imprints of ductal
      epithelium, were visible at higher magnifications. The morphology of these casts
      corresponded to the patterns observed by SEM of ethanol cryofractured specimens
      of mammary tissue. Cryofractured specimens of guinea pig mammary glands were also
      examined by SEM following intramammary infusion of tantalum. Tantalum particles
      were observed within the lumina of many ducts. Large phagocytic cells within the
      lumina were shown to contain tantalum by using back scatter imaging in
      conjunction with secondary imaging.

PMID- 4070970
TI  - Implantation failure of peritoneal dialysis catheters: a scanning electron
      microscopical study.
AB  - Patients with end stage renal failure may be treated by continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis. The transcutaneous portion of the catheters used in this
      treatment is covered with porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to
      provide a surface suitable for tissue infiltration. Following some instances
      where catheters failed to become fixed in the abdominal wall, a scanning electron
      microscopical study was carried out to compare the infiltration of catheters
      having successful or unsuccessful implantation. The porous layer of a well-fixed
      catheter, removed after successful renal transplantation, was infiltrated with
      collagen fibrils and overlaid by layered connective tissue composed of
      fibroblasts and collagen fibre bundles, sometimes linking to surrounding muscle
      fibres. The examination of four unsuccessful catheters revealed no evidence for
      infection being the cause of implantation failure. However the porous surface of
      these catheters was filled with blood components and products, sometimes
      apparently laid down in layers, suggesting that frequent bleeding resulting from
      repeated trauma may be responsible for the failure of catheter fixation. These
      findings led to two changes in clinical practice with apparent patient benefit.
      The implantation site has been relocated to reduce chafing by clothing and the
      post-operative wound dressing technique has been altered to minimise catheter
      movement.

PMID- 4070971
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy studies of staphylococcal adherence to heart valve
      endothelial cells in organ culture: an in vitro model of acute endocarditis.
AB  - Organ cultures of human heart valves were used as a model to study the initial
      pathobiology of acute infective bacterial endocarditis. We used Staphylococcus
      aureus isolated from a case of infective endocarditis to infect the in vitro
      culture of the heart valves. Using scanning electron microscopy, we assessed the
      initial damage, attachment to and invasion of the endothelial cell layer by
      staphylococci. Our results indicate there is initial damage to the endothelium
      prior to observation of staphylococci attaching to the endothelial cell. By 12 h
      post infection, there is significant attachment and damage. At 24 h after
      infection, destruction of the heart valve endothelium is complete. The attachment
      and destruction are progressive events and can be correlated quantitatively with
      bacterial numbers from the culture medium and those attached to the valves. This
      is correlated with increasing adherence ratios of the attaching staphylococci.

PMID- 4070972
TI  - Morphological observations of mineralizing pericardium cardiac grafts.
AB  - Pericardial patch grafts were implanted in the hearts of young sheep for periods
      ranging from two to 120 days. Explants seven to 21 days old revealed the
      formation of a "pseudoneointima" (PNI) on the blood contacting surface of the
      pericardium. The PNI was more heavily mineralized than the pericardium.
      Mineralization was most intense on the blood contacting surface of the PNI and on
      the chamber surface of the pericardium. After three weeks of implantation, the
      PNI was much thinner and was organized into a thin fibrous capsule without any
      signs of mineralization. In the pericardium, mineral deposits were seen in
      fibroblasts. Moreover, cell-related mineralization was evident prior to
      calcification of the surrounding collagen matrix.

PMID- 4070973
TI  - Quantitation of scanning electron microscopic urinary cytology.
AB  - Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differences in cell surface morphology
      are identifiable between normal urothelium and malignant urothelia including the
      presence of pleomorphic microvilli (PMV). PMV have been reported in carcinomas of
      the urinary bladder, and they appear early in the pathogenesis of these tumors in
      animal models. Preliminary studies in our laboratory and others' demonstrated
      similar changes in tissue and cytologic specimens from patients with bladder
      cancer. We observed and evaluated normal and neoplastic cells of the human
      bladder by SEM in a preliminary assessment of surface topography with regard to
      tumor growth, grade, and stage. However, while these SEM observations indicated
      that differences between normal and abnormal urothelia could be readily
      recognized, the distinction between the various types of atypical cells was not
      as clearly defined. Data collected so far indicates that changes in the surface
      topography of the exfoliated cells may possibly vary both in relation to tumor
      grade and stage. Based on these qualitative observations, we expanded our
      approach by using a computerized image analysis system directly interfaced with
      the SEM. The measurements which can be made include cell surface area, diameter,
      length, width, perimeter, orientation and number of PMV per unit area.
      Statistical analysis is also performed. The boundaries between cells are not
      recognizable by the system, making the single cells present in cytologic
      specimens ideal for evaluation. Uniform short microvilli are readily
      distinguished from PMV. Preliminary evaluation of 23 patients has distinguished
      specimens from malignant cases compared to patients with benign lesions.

PMID- 4070974
TI  - Clinical applications of scanning electron microscopy in gastrointestinal
      diseases.
AB  - We considered the role of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in clinical
      investigation of different gastrointestinal diseases. The following clinical
      applications of SEM may be suggested on the basis of our original data and those
      reported in literature: in peptic ulcer: assessment of the completeness of
      healing, by observing the mucosal surface architecture of the scars;
      identification of mucosal changes, namely enterocytic surface membrane
      alterations, predictive of recurrence; in coeliac disease: early assessment of
      the response to gluten-free diet and follow-up of the patients by staging the
      process of mucosal repair in cerebriform, intermediate and villous patterns; in
      ulcerative and Crohn's colitis: enhancement of the diagnostic sensitivity of
      perendoscopic biopsy, by detecting differences in surface structure of mucosa
      surrounding ulcers in both diseases. This is subverted in ulcerative colitis and
      preserved in Crohn's colitis. Finally the complementary role of SEM in relation
      to endoscopy and light microscopy is emphasized.

PMID- 4070975
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of the human myocardium.
AB  - Owing to the impossibility of fixation, in the human being, by means of perfusion
      in vivo and the rare availability of fresh comparatively intact hearts resected
      at transplantation, the possibility was explored of using post-mortem material in
      instances where the autopsies were performed within 2 hours of demise of the
      patients. Four cases were examined: 2 normal adult hearts and 2 hearts of
      hypertensive patients in the stage of decompensation. The hearts were fixed by
      means of perfusion with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4.
      Contiguous blocks were taken for light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron
      microscopy (SEM) from the left ventricular free wall of all 4 cases and of the
      impulse conducting system of the heart in the 2 normal hearts. The SEM material
      was processed by the osmium-thiocarbohydrazide-osmium method (O-T-O). There was
      good correlation between the LM and SEM findings. The left ventricular blocks
      were sectioned in the transverse axis and SEM showed a step-wise transection of
      the myofibrils. Z and M bands, mitochondria and myofilaments were identified a
      ultrastructural magnifications. The difference in vascularity between normal and
      hypertensive myocardium and the presence of para-arterial fibrosis in the latter
      were demonstrated by SEM. The SEM study of the impulse conducting system of the
      heart included the sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes and the
      penetrating portion of the atrioventricular (AV) bundle of His. Characteristic
      pacemaker or "P" cells were identified in the nodes.

PMID- 4070976
TI  - Augmentation of natural killer cell activity by anti-host delayed-type
      hypersensitivity during the graft-versus-host reaction in mice.
AB  - During a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction in unirradiated F1 hybrid mice there is
      a generalized activation of natural killer (NK) cells. We have examined whether
      the enhanced NK activity is due to an F1 resistance mechanism directed at the
      parental cells used to induce the GVH reaction. Spleen cells of C57BL/10 origin
      induce much more NK cell activation in B10F1 hybrids than the opposite parental
      type, despite a similar intensity of systemic GVH reactions. However, this does
      not correlate with in vivo resistance of mice with GVH reaction to a local
      challenge dose of B10 cells. NK cell activation in (CBA X BALB/c)F1 mice with GVH
      reaction involves both host and donor cells and is preceded by an anti-host
      delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. B10 cells have a greater ability to
      induce DTH in B10F1 mice than cells from the opposite parent. We propose that NK
      cells are one group of non-specific effector cells recruited by DTH in a GVH
      reaction and may contribute to the tissue pathology.

PMID- 4070978
TI  - Sixteenth annual general meeting of the Scandinavian Society for Immunology.
      Reykjavik, Iceland, 12-16 June 1985. Abstracts.

PMID- 4070977
TI  - Serum immunoglobulin-lipid complexes in plasma cell dyscrasia.
AB  - Immunoglobulin-lipid complexes (SILC) are found in the serum of all patients with
      monoclonal gammopathy. Fractionation by density gradient ultracentrifugation,
      Sephadex G-200 chromatography and Sepharose protein A affinity, followed by
      extensive immunoassaying for immunoglobulins and lipoproteins, does not confirm
      the accepted assumption that SILC are immune complexes between monoclonal
      immunoglobulins and lipoproteins. Lipid extraction of monoclonal fractions
      isolated on protein A columns followed by thin-layer chromatography shows a lipid
      pattern characteristic of the one found in cellular membranes. It is proposed
      that SILC are hydrophobic complexes between immunoglobulins and lipids, as
      described in membranes of B lymphocytes.

PMID- 4070979
TI  - The effect of topical zinc absorption from wounds on growth and the wound healing
      process in zinc-deficient rats.
AB  - An experiment with local application of zinc oxide from a zinc tape to wounds was
      performed on 80 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Tapes with or without zinc oxide were
      applied on excisional wounds of both zinc-deficient and zinc-sufficient animals.
      The reduction in wound area was more pronounced in zinc-tape-treated animals
      given both a zinc-deficient and zinc-sufficient diet. The operative trauma had a
      negative effect on the animals' growth rate, although the state of zinc
      deficiency in the operated rats could be relieved by the local application of
      zinc. The results of the present study indicate that topically absorbed zinc from
      wounds promotes both the early wound healing phase and growth in both zinc
      deficient and zinc-sufficient rats.

PMID- 4070980
TI  - Corrective osteotomy of malunited fractures of the distal end of the radius.
AB  - Thirty-nine patients with painful impaired forearm rotation and reduced grip
      strength after malunited fracture of the distal radius were treated with
      corrective osteotomy of the distal radius, bone grafting and internal fixation
      and followed for an average of 1.5 years. All patients stated that they were
      improved by the procedure. At follow-up 36 patients were graded as excellent or
      good, implying no pain, moderate limitation of motion and grip strength not less
      than 70% of the uninjured hand. Two patients were graded as fair and one as poor.
      It is concluded that surgical correction of the deformity is a good procedure
      when treating disabilities in the distal radio ulnar joint following malunited
      fractures of the distal end of the radius.

PMID- 4070981
TI  - Unilateral orbital floor fractures.
AB  - Ninety patients operated on, on suspicion of unilateral orbital floor fractures
      are described. Age, sex, and etiology are given. Operative indication is examined
      and related to the operative findings. Fifty-six of the patients had fractures
      requiring transplantation, 24 had fractures which did not. Ten patients had no
      fractures. Only autogenous bone graft was used. The patients were examined three
      months and one to 11 years postoperatively (questionnaire). Of 82 operated
      patients who answered the questionnaire diplopia was found in eight, enophthalmos
      in two, hypesthesia in 18, reduced mobility in four and sinuitis in four.
      Preoperative X-ray: Three patients showed false positive X-ray findings. In 19
      patients with false negative X-ray findings 12 required transplantation. Twenty
      five tomographed patients showed fractures, two of which proved to be false
      positives. In eight patients with negative tomographical findings, fractures were
      found, seven of which required transplantation. The frequency of complications
      assessed in relation to the time of operation shows no significant difference, if
      surgery takes place within seven days of injury. Surgery performed later than
      this seems to produce more cases of chronic sinuitis.

PMID- 4070982
TI  - The Mini-Cap. External immobilization of facial fractures.
AB  - A method is described for external immobilization of the facial skeleton. The
      method is only indicated in a few cases. By means of Vitallium screws and a small
      head cap of plaster of Paris it is possible to achieve stiff, external
      immobilization of facial fractures, even when they are situated in the frontal
      bones. The Mini-Cap permits the patient to rest comfortably and costs very
      little.

PMID- 4070983
TI  - An anaesthetic lidocaine/prilocaine cream (EMLA) for epicutaneous application
      tested for cutting split skin grafts.
AB  - A 5% eutectic mixture of the two local anaesthetics lidocaine and prilocaine
      (EMLA, Astra Lakemedel AB) has been tested for application to the skin in the
      removal of split skin grafts. EMLA is an oil-in-water emulsion cream, containing
      50 mg of active substances per ml (25 mg lidocaine, 25 mg prilocaine). The cream
      has been used on the donor sites of 146 patients and was applied a minimum of 1 h
      30 min before surgery. 123 patients (84.3%) experienced adequate analgesia,
      feeling only the pressure of the dermatome or slight pain without objection to
      the skin graft being cut. 20 patients (13.7%) described the pain as being
      moderate, but the operation could be completed without further local or general
      anaesthesia. Three patients (2.0%) needed additional anaesthesia. Six patients
      complained of slight transient irritation immediately after application. After
      removal of the cream, erythema was present in 42 patients, pallor in 62 and
      oedema in 14. The concentrations of lidocaine and prilocaine in the blood were
      measured in 106 patients and did not exceed 1100 ng ml-1 for lidocaine and 200 ng
      ml-1 for prilocaine. There were no systemic side-effects.

PMID- 4070984
TI  - Irrigation treatment in split-thickness skin grafting of intractable leg ulcers.
AB  - Continuous irrigation with saline through a felt dressing was used following mesh
      split-skin grafting of intractable leg ulcers. Antibiotics were added to the
      irrigation fluid in certain cases. Effective drainage of the grafted area was
      achieved and no signs of infection were seen.

PMID- 4070985
TI  - Midline sinuses of the upper lip. Case report.
AB  - Nine midline sinuses of the upper lip in eight patients have been described
      previously. They have been located from the skin under the columella to the
      frenulum, and have always been directed towards the frenulum. Three new cases are
      presented: a sinus reaching from the skin of the philtrum to the frenulum in a
      child with Pierre Robin syndrome, another one in the frenulum of a patient with
      two separate midline sinuses of the nose, and a third in the frenulum of a child
      with a partial median cleft lip. The midline sinus is probably caused by
      disturbed development of the nasofrontal process. The combination of upper lip
      sinus and Pierre Robin's syndrome is hardly coincidental and supports the concept
      that the latter is not caused solely by a foetal malposition.

PMID- 4070987
TI  - Dynamics of the urinary tract during induced vesico-ureteric reflux in pigs. II.
AB  - The ureterovesical junction was bypassed on the left side with a tube in 9 pigs
      in order to study the dynamic alterations a vesico-ureteric reflux produces in a
      previously patent pyelo-ureter. Before bypassing, the median ureteric baseline
      activity was 1.6-2.0 A.P./min (action potentials/min). During bladder filling the
      median activity increased by 15-44% to 2.3 A.P./min, together with a slight
      increase in pelvic pressure. In the refluxing ureters the median baseline
      ureteric activity was 1.6 A.P./min. During bladder filling the pelvic pressure
      was the same as the bladder pressure and the median ureteric activity increased
      by 88% to 3.0 A.P./min. This increase in activity was seen as soon as the bladder
      filling started. The study adds information to suggest a neurogenic mediated
      reaction to sudden increases in bladder volume and pressure.

PMID- 4070986
TI  - Dynamics of spontaneous refluxing and non-refluxing ureters in pigs. I. The
      impact of urine flow variations.
AB  - In 7 piglets the pressure and peristaltic activity of both pyelo-ureters were
      investigated during low and high urine output and changes in bladder pressure and
      volume. Six ureters were shown to have spontaneous vesico-ureteric reflux, with a
      mean reflux producing bladder pressure of 26 cmH2O. During low urine output the
      median ureteric activity was of low frequency and identical in refluxing and
      patent ureters. When bladder filling was induced the median ureteric activity
      increased by 23% in the non-refluxing ureters and by 25% in refluxing ureters.
      During high urine output the median ureteric activity was slightly higher on the
      refluxing side. Under the influence of bladder filling the median ureteric
      activity increased with 131% in non-refluxing ureters and with 57% in refluxing
      ureters. In low urine output, the pelvic pressure was more or less independent of
      the bladder pressure, whereas during high urine output the pelvic pressure
      followed the bladder pressure in both refluxing and non-refluxing ureters. All
      peristaltic events were antegrade and complete. Thus no significant differences
      were found urodynamically between patent ureters and spontaneous refluxing,
      normally calibrated ureters.

PMID- 4070988
TI  - Dynamics of the urinary tract in longterm vesico-ureteric reflux in pigs. III.
AB  - The dynamic function of the pyelo-ureter was studied in 5 pigs 10 and 20 weeks
      after induction of reflux on the left side. In the baseline period the pelvic
      pressure and the ureteric activity of refluxing ureters were both
      indistinguishable from those of the patent ureter. During bladder filling the
      median ureteric activity in the non-refluxing ureters increased 43%. In the
      refluxing ureters the median increases after 10 and 20 weeks were 65% and 106%.
      This was consistent with findings previously obtained during acute bypassing of
      the vesico-ureteric junction (median increase 88%). The ureteric resistance to
      pressure equilibration was unaltered. Almost all peristalsis was antegrade and no
      peristalsis stopped in ureter. Thus reflux into a non-dilated upper urinary tract
      of growing pigs with normal bladder and bladder outlet function did not produce
      any changes in the dynamic function of the urinary tract.

PMID- 4070989
TI  - Dynamics of the urinary tract in longterm vesico-ureteric reflux and infravesical
      obstruction in pigs. IV.
AB  - The dynamic function of the urinary tract was studied in 6 infravesically
      obstructed pigs with vesico-ureteric reflux to a total of 8 ureters. After 10
      weeks of obstruction a bladder hyperreflexia was found. The baseline ureteric
      activity in the refluxing ureters was reduced to a median of 0.3 A.P./min (action
      potentials/min). During bladder filling, the activity increased only slightly to
      0.6 A.P./min. In the start the pelvic pressure was more or less independent of
      the bladder pressure, but when the reflux producing bladder pressure was reached
      then an abrupt increase in pelvic pressure was seen and thereafter there was
      pressure equilibration. Ten weeks after release of the obstruction, a minor
      restitution had taken place. The baseline activity during low urine output was
      1.0 A.P./min and during bladder filling it was unaltered, 1.0 A.P./min. Even
      during high urine output there was no sign of activity increase. 30% of the
      ureteric contractions stopped in the mid-third of the ureter. Almost all
      peristalsis was antegrade. Thus, ureters subjected to obstruction and reflux
      showed deterioration of the peristaltic function and the changes were
      irreversible.

PMID- 4070990
TI  - N-acetyltransferase phenotypes in bladder tumour patients with and without
      carcinoma in situ in selected site biopsies.
AB  - The N-acetyltransferase phenotypes were revealed among 32 patients with bladder
      tumour and concurrent carcinoma in situ peripherally in the bladder mucosa. Fifty
      nine per cent of the bladder tumour patients with concurrent carcinoma in situ
      were slow acetylator phenotypes in contrast to 68% of 28 bladder tumour patients
      with normal histological specimens peripherally in the bladder mucosa. This
      points to a lack of industrial arylamine bladder tumour cases in Denmark.

PMID- 4070991
TI  - The effect of dialyser membrane material on intradialytic changes in platelet
      count, platelet aggregation, circulating platelet aggregates and antithrombin
      III.
AB  - Blood surface interaction during hemodialysis leads to impairment of platelet
      function and decrease in platelet number, which besides heparinization, may cause
      or exacerbate bleeding in risk patients. Furthermore, antithrombin III has been
      shown to increase during dialysis, probably due to vascular endothelial injury
      caused by infusion of activated platelets into the patient. 23 patients were
      examined during two successive dialyses, using membranes based on regenerated
      cellulose (RC) and cellulose acetate (CA). In 12 of the patients, platelet
      aggregation induced by ADP, circulating platelet aggregates and immunological AT
      III and AT III activity were determined. Irrespective of the membrane used,
      hemodialysis was associated with deterioration of platelet function, reflected by
      a decrease in platelet aggregation with return to predialysis values at the end
      of dialysis. However, the decline in platelet count and the increase in
      circulating platelet aggregates were membrane dependent, with RC causing greater
      changes than CA. No changes in threshold concentration of ADP inducing secondary
      platelet aggregation or in either immunological AT III or AT III activity were
      seen during dialysis.

PMID- 4070992
TI  - Significant bleeding at kidney resection after experimental denervation.
AB  - The effects of microsurgical denervation of the kidney on blood loss, bleeding
      time, platelet count and APT time in standardized kidney resection were studied
      in rats. The renal nerves running alongside the blood vessels were stained,
      identified and resected with a microsurgical technique. One week after the
      denervation, the blood loss and bleeding time at kidney resection were
      significantly greater than in control rats (without denervation). The bleeding
      resulted in reduced haemoglobin and haematocrit values, but the platelet count
      and APT time were unchanged. Platelet aggregation was not influenced by the
      denervation procedure. The increased bleeding at parenchymal kidney resection in
      the denervated rats was regarded as a consequence of interrupted nerve supply to
      the kidney. The effects on bleeding may have implications for renal surgery in
      humans.

PMID- 4070993
TI  - Large rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder in an adult. Case report.
AB  - A 56-year-old woman presented with frequency of micturition, haematuria and
      cardiac decompensation. Intravenous urography showed a large bladder tumour and
      an expansive lesion in the left kidney. The bladder tumour, removed by TUR, was
      found to be a rhabdomyosarcoma, and the resected tissue weighed about 310 g.
      Bilateral, selective renal angiography revealed a large arteriovenous aneurysm in
      the right kidney and a solid malignant tumour in the left. The aneurysmal vessels
      were ligated and cystourethrectomy and left nephrectomy were performed 2, 3 and
      10 months, respectively, after the TUR. The excised urinary bladder contained no
      resicual tumour. A renal cell carcinoma was found in the excised left kidney. The
      patient recovered well, and three and a half years after TUR of the
      rhabdomyosarcoma she is fully active, with normal renal function and no evidence
      of disease.

PMID- 4070994
TI  - Compensation and recoding: a framework for aging and memory research.

PMID- 4070995
TI  - Adrenaline, emotional arousal and memory.

PMID- 4070996
TI  - The relation between level of general knowledge and feeling-of-knowing: an adult
      age study.

PMID- 4070997
TI  - Psychological factors related to post-abortion 'subtle' contraceptive
      unreliability.

PMID- 4070998
TI  - Mortality among employees of lead battery plants and lead-producing plants, 1947
      1980.
AB  - Two cohorts of male lead workers, 4 519 battery plant workers and 2 300 lead
      production workers, all of whom had been employed for at least one year during
      the period 1 January 1946 through 31 December 1970, were observed for mortality
      during the 34 years from 1 January 1947 through 31 December 1980. Vital status as
      of the closing date was determined for 94.7% of the former group and 91.6% of the
      latter. There were 1 718 deaths in the first cohort and 621 in the second.
      Mortality from all causes combined was significantly greater than expected in
      each cohort, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) being 107 and 113,
      respectively. Among the battery plant workers the greater than expected mortality
      rate resulted in large part from a significant number of excess deaths from
      malignant neoplasms (SMR 113), other hypertensive disease (mainly renal) (SMR
      320), chronic nephritis (SMR 222), and a group of ill-defined conditions (SMR
      355). Among the lead production workers the pattern was similar, with a
      significant number of excess deaths from other hypertensive disease (SMR 475),
      hypertensive heart disease (SMR 203), chronic nephritis (SMR 265), and ill
      defined conditions (SMR 214). There was also a significant excess of deaths from
      external causes (SMR 143). The SMR for total malignancies was 113, but this value
      was not significantly elevated at the 5% level. In neither cohort were deaths
      from cerebrovascular disease in significant excess, the SMR being 93 and 132,
      respectively. A proportionate mortality analysis showed that the excess deaths
      from cerebrovascular disease and from hypertensive heart disease among smelter
      workers were in part due to the high proportion of nonwhites in the smelter
      populations. The stomach, liver, and lungs were the sites responsible for most
      excess cancer deaths in both cohorts, but the elevated SMR values were
      statistically significant only for gastric and lung cancers in battery plant
      workers. There were no excess deaths from malignancies of the kidney, brain, or
      lymphopoietic system in either cohort. It is impossible to relate the observed
      mortality to levels of lead exposure; because of meager quantitative information
      prior to 1960. It is known that past exposures had been very high. Ethnicity,
      diet, alcohol, and cigarette smoking could not be ruled out as possible
      confounding etiologic factors for the cancer deaths.

PMID- 4070999
TI  - Mortality of styrene production, polymerization and processing workers at a site
      in northwest England.
AB  - The mortality of 622 men who worked for at least one year in the production,
      polymerization, and processing of styrene at a chemical site in the United
      Kingdom during the period 1945-1974 was surveyed up to the end of 1978; 3 072
      male manual workers at the same site but unexposed to styrene were also studied.
      A statistically significant excess of lymphoma deaths was found in the exposed
      population, and two of the three deaths observed occurred in men less than 40
      years of age. The small number of deaths and the lack of any evidence for an
      association with duration or level of exposure to styrene are reasons for
      interpreting this result cautiously. However, the otherwise normal pattern of
      mortality in the exposed population and the absence of any excess of lymphomas in
      the reference group lend some support to suggestions that exposure to styrene may
      be associated with lymphomas in man. An analysis of cancer registrations for the
      exposed population revealed no further cases of lymphoma but identified one case
      of lymphatic leukemia. An excess of laryngeal cancer registrations was found. As
      this effect has not been previously postulated and because of the small number of
      registrations, too much weight should not be attached to this one observation.

PMID- 4071000
TI  - Birth defects and exposure to video display terminals during pregnancy. A Finnish
      case-referent study.
AB  - In a test of the widely publicized allegation that exposure to video display
      terminals causes birth defects, interview forms of mothers of 1 475 children
      reported consecutively to the Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations to
      have defects of the central nervous system, orofacial clefts, skeletal defects,
      or cardiovascular malformations and the forms of the same number of their paired
      referents were studied. The scrutiny revealed 490 mothers with occupational
      titles indicating potential exposure to video display terminals. Of the 490, 235
      were case mothers and 255 were referents. Then, unaware of the case-referent
      status, three members of the research team perused the mothers' interview
      descriptions of workday activities for information indicating exposure to video
      display terminals. Work with such terminals during the first trimester of
      pregnancy was ascertained for 111 mothers. Of these, 51 were case mothers and 60
      were referents. The comparison of the mothers exposed to video display terminals
      during the first trimester with those not exposed at all showed a crude odds
      ratio point estimate of 0.9 with 95% confidence limits of 0.6 and 1.2. Adjustment
      for potential confounders by multivariate logistic regression methods did not
      materially affect the risk estimates. The results did not indicate a teratogenic
      risk for operators of video display terminals.

PMID- 4071001
TI  - Occupational exposure to chemical agents in the particleboard industry.
AB  - Most of the measurements concerned formaldehyde and wood dust. The other
      substances measured included terpenes, solvents, and heptachlor. Before 1975 the
      formaldehyde concentration regularly exceeded 2 ppm during many workphases.
      Considerable improvements in ventilation and the composition of glues have
      occurred since then, and today the exposure level is below 2 ppm during most
      workphases. High peak concentrations, 20-30 ppm at the highest, were
      characteristic of exposure in earlier years. The concentrations of wood dust have
      also decreased, eg, from over 5 mg/m3 to 1 mg/m3 or below during forming. These
      data have been used to evaluate past exposures in an epidemiologic study on
      cancer risks in the particleboard, plywood, and sawmill industries.

PMID- 4071002
TI  - Exposure to cutting oils and its relation to skin tumors and premalignant skin
      lesions on the hands and forearms.
AB  - In a cohort study the incidence of skin tumors on the hands and forearms of 682
      turners exposed to cutting oils was compared to the incidence of the general male
      population and of office workers. Among the 682 turners, five premalignant
      squamous cell tumors and eight keratoacanthomas were found between 1960 and 1980.
      Five of this total of 13 turners with primary skin tumors had another skin tumor
      as well. Among the 682 men there were four cases of scrotal cancer. Among the 375
      office workers examined, no malignant or premalignant tumors or keratoacanthomas
      were found on the hands or forearms. No primary skin tumors were found among the
      turners after 1975, when the acid-refined mineral oils were replaced by solvent
      refined oils containing a far lower concentration of polyaromatic hydrocarbons,
      which are probably the cancerogenic agent in the oils. The study shows a greatly
      increased risk of skin tumors on the hands and forearms of workers exposed to
      acid-refined mineral oils. Individual susceptibility also seems to be indicated.

PMID- 4071003
TI  - Urinary elimination of styrene in experimental and occupational exposure.
AB  - Twenty human volunteers were exposed to styrene vapor at 273-1 654 mumol/m3 (28.4
      172.3 mg/m3) for a period of 1 to 3 h at rest (15 cases) and during light
      physical exercise (5 cases). Subsequently 51 workers occupationally exposed to
      styrene were studied during a workweek (median value 1 138 mumol/m3, geometric
      standard deviation 2.23). As expected, the relative uptake averaged about 65%,
      and the ratio of the alveolar concentration to the time-weighted average of the
      environmental concentration averaged about 0.15. Both in the experimentally
      exposed subjects and in the occupationally exposed workers the urinary styrene
      concentration showed a linear relationship to the corresponding environmental
      time-weighted average concentration. The correlation coefficients of the
      regression lines ranged between 0.88 (occupationally exposed group) and more than
      0.93 (experimentally exposed groups). The regression coefficients were closely
      linked to the amount of styrene taken up and to the exposure times. The findings
      show that the urinary styrene concentration can be used as an appropriate
      biological exposure indicator whose meaning differs from that of other suggested
      indices. As an example, in occupationally exposed subjects performing moderate
      work the urinary styrene concentration corresponding to the time-weighted average
      of the threshold limit value is 815 nmol/l, and the 95% lower confidence limit
      (biological threshold) is 740 nmol/l.

PMID- 4071004
TI  - Urine phthalate determinations as an index of occupational exposure to phthalic
      anhydride and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.
AB  - Although it has been estimated that over 600 000 workers in the United States are
      exposed to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), an animal carcinogen, and that over
      100 000 are exposed to phthalic anhydride (PA), few data are available on levels
      of phthalates in biological fluids of these workers. For a determination of
      occupational exposure to PA and DEHP at a plant manufacturing DEHP from PA and 2
      ethylhexanol, air samples were taken for PA and DEHP, and pre- and postshift
      urine samples were collected for the determination of total phthalates. Urine
      samples were obtained from 48 workers in jobs with high exposure to phthalates
      and from 47 workers in jobs with low exposure. The airborne concentrations of
      DEHP ranged from 20 to 4 110 micrograms/m3, and the concentrations of PA ranged
      from 4 to 203 micrograms/m3. The most heavily exposed workers had the highest
      mean postshift urine phthalate concentration (geometric mean 7.6 nmol/ml) (p =
      0.015), and also the greatest mean increase (4.4 nmol/ml) in preshift to
      postshift urine phthalate levels. Twofold increases over the shift in urine
      phthalate concentration and postshift phthalate levels of greater than 10 nmol/ml
      were observed in 8 (25%) of 32 chemical operators, but in none of 52 other
      workers. These data suggest that measurement of urine phthalate levels may have
      utility for monitoring the exposure of workers manufacturing or using PA.

PMID- 4071005
TI  - Proceedings of the International Conference on Organic Solvent Toxicity.
      Stockholm, 15-17 October 1984.

PMID- 4071006
TI  - Neurophysiological aspects of the toxicity of organic solvents.
AB  - Symptoms after long-term exposure to organic solvents are nonspecific, and for
      both medical and insurance purposes objective demonstration of toxic damage would
      be desirable at the earliest possible stage of beginning disease. Axonopathy does
      not dramatically decrease nerve conduction velocities; however, epidemiologic
      studies may reveal slower conduction velocities, especially in the distal nerve
      segments, among workers exposed to organic solvents. Among patients with solvent
      poisoning abnormally slow nerve conduction velocities are detected.
      Electromyography reveals denervation activity in early axonopathy; loss of motor
      units is detectable at a later stage. Hexacarbons, eg, n-hexane, have caused
      changes in visual evoked potentials, namely, prolonged latencies and decreased
      amplitudes, probably due to axonal lesions within the central nervous system.
      Electroencephalography (EEG) has been applied in studies of individual patients
      or patient groups and in epidemiologic approaches. Among patients actual
      abnormalities, mainly diffuse or local slow wave abnormalities, are frequent. In
      epidemiologic studies the frequency of abnormal EEG findings is related to
      overall exposure levels in the studied populations.

PMID- 4071007
TI  - Pathology of the pulmonary vasculature. Correlation with clinical and
      haemodynamic data.
AB  - In dealing with pulmonary vascular disease, essential for the clinician are its
      correlation with pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance, its potential
      reversibility and its prognosis for the patient. These relations, however, are
      far from simple. Medial hypertrophy as well as intimal fibrosis have a fairly
      good correlation with pressure and resistance in plexogenic arteriopathy but not
      in pulmonary venous hypertension. Reversibility of intimal fibrosis, and thereby
      its prognosis for the patient, depends not only on its severity but particularly
      on its type. The concentric-laminar form of intimal fibrosis for instance has an
      ominous prognosis when severe in contrast to other types. Not only the various
      forms of vascular changes and their severity but also the type of pulmonary
      hypertensive disease have to be taken into account for an accurate evaluation of
      a lung biopsy.

PMID- 4071008
TI  - [Endoscopic resection in bronchology using the YAG laser. Evaluation of a 5-year
      experience].
AB  - The authors describe their experience with 1222 tracheobronchial endoscopic laser
      resections. The technique uses the thermal effects of the YAG laser which can be
      set to produce coagulation and vaporization. In most cases, the rigid
      bronchoscope under general anesthesia was preferred to the flexible fiberscope
      under local anesthesia. The main reason for this preference is that the rigid
      system allows management of hemorrhage should it occur. The technique is
      described with special attention to prevention of hypoxia, the major hazard.
      Inoperable malignant tumors accounted for 50% of the procedures. The other
      indications were tumors with uncertain prognosis, benign tumors, tracheal
      stenosis, and miscellaneous lesions. Results depend greatly on location. No
      fatality was recorded during the procedure, but two deaths did occur in the 48
      hours thereafter. The authors conclude that endoscopic laser resection is a very
      effective modality for obstructive lesions in the main airways. It can be
      repeated as many times as needed and may be associated with other forms of
      therapy.

PMID- 4071009
TI  - [Variable hemodynamic response to nifedipine in pulmonary hypertension secondary
      to chronic obstructive bronchopathy and pulmonary fibrosis].
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of nifedipine s.l. (20 mg) on pulmonary hypertension
      following chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and advanced pulmonary
      fibrosis (PF) have been studied in 6 patients under stable conditions (3 patients
      with COPD and 3 patients with PF). Nifedipine induced a significant reduction in
      mean arterial pressure, right atrial pressure and systemic vascular resistances,
      with a significant increase in heart rate, right ventricular stroke work index
      and cardiac index. There was no significant change in mean pulmonary artery
      pressure, pulmonary arteriolar resistances and oxygen delivery. Individual
      analysis showed that in 2 patients with COPD there was a real direct vasodilating
      effect of nifedipine on the pulmonary circulation. In 2 patients with PF, the
      drug induced an increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary
      arteriolar resistances. In the last 2 patients, the effect of the drug on the
      pulmonary circulation was associated with an increase in driving pressure
      concomitantly with a rise in cardiac output, suggesting recruitment of the
      pulmonary vessels. In conclusion, nifedipine can dilate pulmonary vessels
      constricted by hypoxia in patients with COPD, but deleterious effects are
      observed in patients with pulmonary hypertension following PF.

PMID- 4071010
TI  - [Interauricular right-left shunt: a serious complication of primary pulmonary
      arterial hypertension].
AB  - Primary pulmonary hypertension is a rare and generally progressive disease in
      which mild hypoxemia at rest, with lower PaO2 during exercise, is consistently
      reported. Severe hypoxemia at rest suggests the occurrence of a right to left
      intracardiac shunt, most often due to patency of a foramen ovale. Two cases are
      reported of primary pulmonary hypertension which rapidly developed severe
      hypoxemia at rest with worsening of pulmonary hypertension, from which
      interatrial communication was identified. The prognostic and therapeutic
      implications of this situation are discussed.

PMID- 4071011
TI  - [Comparison of the shielded telescoping brush catheter with bronchial lavage in
      the diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates].
AB  - The results of cultures from bronchial lavage (BL) were compared with those
      obtained with a telescoping protected brush catheter (PBC) in 56 nonselected
      patients presenting with a pulmonary infiltrate of unknown etiology. At the time
      of bronchoscopy, 34 patients were under antibiotics. In 20 cases, the cultures
      from PBC and/or BL were positive. On the basis of quantitative bacteriological
      analysis and medical chart review, we conclude that PBC is more sensitive and
      more specific than BL for the diagnosis of clinically significant infections of
      the lower respiratory tract.

PMID- 4071012
TI  - [From Quick's percentage to the INR (International Normalized Ratio)--a real
      advance in the control of oral anticoagulation].

PMID- 4071013
TI  - [So-called "wild silk" asthma--an ever current inhalation allergy to silk waste].
AB  - From the end of 1979 to June 1985 an inhalative allergy to silk wastes was
      diagnosed in the allergy station of the Dermatological Clinic of the University
      of Zurich in 118 patients, 54,2% of whom were women. Usually, bed quilts
      advertised as filled with "wild silk" were the cause of the sensitization.
      Occupational exposure to silk materials was found in only 4 cases. Average age at
      the time of first appearance of symptoms was 30.5 years, and sensitization time
      from first exposure to appearance of symptoms was 8.5 months. Monovalent
      sensitization was found in 44.1%. In most cases exposure prophylaxis sufficed to
      avoid symptoms. "Wild silk", unlike cultivated (mulberry Bombyx mori) silk, is
      the product of wild silk moths of the genus Antheraea feeding on oak leaves. Silk
      wastes are a byproduct of silk manufacturing, consisting of short silk threads
      (e.g. the end or the beginning of the cocoons), and make highly suitable filling
      material. During further silk processing the allergenic components, especially
      sericin, are eliminated by boiling off and degummed. For closer identification of
      the allergen(s), various kinds of raw and cleaned mulberry and wild silk were
      tested in sensitized patients by skin and RAST tests. The filling content of
      different bed quilts was investigated by the Swiss Textile Industry Test
      Institute. None consisted entirely or mainly of wild silk, and all contained a
      predominant portion of cultivated silk. The aggressive potency of the "wild silk"
      bed quilts is due to the insufficiently cleaned and degummed mulberry and wild
      silk wastes. Contamination of the silk wastes by an insect of the genus Anthrenus
      was also found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4071014
TI  - [Lung varices. A case report].
AB  - Pulmonary varices are dilated pulmonary veins with normal anatomy of pulmonary
      venous return. Etiology, diagnostic procedures nd different forms of pulmonary
      varices are discussed. Surgery is indicated for thromboembolic or hemorrhagic
      complications, or, as in the case of our patient, for suspected malignoma.

PMID- 4071015
TI  - [DDAVP in hemophilia].

PMID- 4071016
TI  - [Food allergy. II. Prevalence of organ manifestations of allergy-inducing food. A
      study on the basis of 173 cases, 1978-1982].
AB  - From 1978 to 1982 173 cases of food allergy were diagnosed at the Allergy Unit of
      the Dermatological Clinic, University of Zurich. Of these predominantly adult
      patients, 118 (68%) were female and 55 (32%) male. 65% of the food-allergic
      patients also showed one or more atopic manifestations, and 26% pollinosis.
      Localization of symptoms of food allergy was most often the skin (43%), followed
      by the respiratory tract (23%), the gastrointestinal tract (21%) and the
      cardiovascular system (12.5%). Only 11% had exclusively intestinal allergic
      reactions. The most frequent food allergens were found to be vegetables. Celery
      headed the list with 40.5%, followed by carrots (20%) and green beans (6%). Other
      commonly occurring food allergens were eggs (21%), milk and dairy products (20%)
      and fish (12%). Sensitivity was found to groups of raw vegetables, and also cross
      reactivity to other nutritional and inhalative allergens. In view of this finding
      the term "celery-carrot-mugwort-spice-syndrome" was coined. Regarding diagnostic
      procedure, a precise history remains essential. Once again, scratch techniques
      performed with fresh raw food proved to be markedly more dependable than skin
      tests performed with commercial food extracts. The use of a RAST was especially
      helpful in diagnosing milk-cheese-casein allergies.

PMID- 4071017
TI  - A somatic dose index for computed tomography.

PMID- 4071018
TI  - [Public initiative for the abolition of vivisection, called the "Weber
      initiative"].

PMID- 4071019
TI  - [Bovine respiratory syncytial virus as a pathogen in the respiratory tract
      diseases of cattle: a clinical and seroepidemiologic study in Switzerland].

PMID- 4071020
TI  - [Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) in Switzerland: a serologic study].

PMID- 4071021
TI  - [Nematodes (Procyrnea mansioni, Spirurida) as a cause of stomach changes in
      Chinese nightingales (Leiothrix lutea) and Rothschild's mynah birds (Leucopsar
      rothschildi)].

PMID- 4071022
TI  - [Histochemical and ultrastructural research of the epithelium of the head of the
      epididymis of Equus asinus].

PMID- 4071023
TI  - [What is your diagnosis? What remedies do you suggest].

PMID- 4071024
TI  - [Evaluation of kidney function in sows with acute urinary tract inflammation].

PMID- 4071025
TI  - [Decrease in interstitial pneumonia of cattle (Urner pneumonia) in Schachental.
      Contribution to the study of its etiology and prevention].

PMID- 4071026
TI  - [1st detection of transmissible gastroenteritis of swine in Switzerland].

PMID- 4071027
TI  - [The importance of the peroneal tendon sheath in the surgical treatment of the
      lesions of the fibulotarsal ligament].

PMID- 4071028
TI  - [Epicondylitis: surgical approach].

PMID- 4071029
TI  - [Use of proprioceptive neuromuscular technics in the rehabilitation and training
      of movement in sports].

PMID- 4071030
TI  - The molecules of the cell matrix.

PMID- 4071031
TI  - The molecular basis of evolution.

PMID- 4071032
TI  - Proteins.

PMID- 4071033
TI  - The treatment of diseases and the war against cancer.

PMID- 4071034
TI  - Learning and evolution.

PMID- 4071035
TI  - The biology of macrophages.

PMID- 4071036
TI  - Mechanisms of pattern formation in the early amphibian embryo.

PMID- 4071037
TI  - Mechanisms of sex determination in vertebrates.

PMID- 4071038
TI  - Animal welfare legislation.
AB  - In the article "Rates of elementary reactions: Measurement and applications" by
      F. Kaufman (25 Oct., p. 393), the equation in column 2 on page 394 should have
      read: [See formula in Source Pdf.]

PMID- 4071039
TI  - Alzheimer's disease: a biologist's perspectives.

PMID- 4071040
TI  - Fractal surfaces of proteins.
AB  - Fractal surfaces can be used to characterize the roughness or irregularity of
      protein surfaces. The degree of irregularity of a surface may be described by the
      fractal dimension D. For protein surfaces defined with probes in the range of 1.0
      to 3.5 angstroms in radius, D is approximately 2.4 or intermediate between the
      value for a completely smooth surface (D = 2) and that for a completely space
      filling surface (D = 3). Individual regions of proteins show considerable
      variation in D. These variations may be related to structural features such as
      active sites and subunit interfaces, suggesting that surface texture may be a
      factor influencing molecular interactions.

PMID- 4071041
TI  - Synthesis and evaluation of a prototypal artificial red cell.
AB  - A new process allows microencapsulation of purified human hemoglobin and 2,3
      diphosphoglycerate to form neohemocytes. The microcapsule membrane is composed of
      phospholipids and cholesterol. Neohemocytes are substantially smaller than
      erythrocytes, contain 15.1 grams per decaliter of hemoglobin, and have a P50
      value (the partial pressure of oxygen at which the hemoglobin is half-saturated)
      of 24.0 torr. All rats given 50-percent exchange transfusions survived with only
      limited evidence of reversible toxicity. Normal serum glutamate-pyruvate
      transaminase values at 1, 7, and 30 days after transfusion were consistent with
      minimal hepatotoxicity. The concentration of blood urea-nitrogen was elevated by
      35 percent after 1 day but returned to normal by day 7. However, histopathology
      revealed normal kidneys on day 1 as well as on days 7 and 30. Neohemocytes
      cleared from the circulation of transfused rats with an apparent half-life of 5.8
      hours.

PMID- 4071042
TI  - Plasticity of hippocampal circuitry in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Two markers of neuronal plasticity were used to compare the response of the human
      central nervous system to neuronal loss resulting from Alzheimer's disease with
      the response of rats to a similar neuronal loss induced by lesions. In rats that
      had received lesions of the entorhinal cortex, axon sprouting of commissural and
      associational fibers into the denervated molecular layer of the dentate gyrus was
      paralleled by a spread in the distribution of tritiated kainic acid-binding
      sites. A similar expansion of kainic acid receptor distribution was observed in
      hippocampal samples obtained postmortem from patients with Alzheimer's disease.
      An enhancement of acetylcholinesterase activity in the dentate gyrus molecular
      layer, indicative of septal afferent sprouting, was also observed in those
      patients with a minimal loss of cholinergic neurons. These results are evidence
      that the central nervous system is capable of a plastic response in Alzheimer's
      disease. Adaptive growth responses occur along with the degenerative events.

PMID- 4071043
TI  - Detection of single base substitutions by ribonuclease cleavage at mismatches in
      RNA:DNA duplexes.
AB  - Single base substitutions can be detected and localized by a simple and rapid
      method that involves ribonuclease cleavage of single base mismatches in RNA:DNA
      heteroduplexes. A 32P-labeled RNA probe complementary to wild-type DNA is
      synthesized in vitro and annealed to a test DNA containing a single base
      substitution. The resulting single base mismatch is cleaved by ribonuclease A,
      and the location of the mismatch is then determined by analyzing the sizes of the
      cleavage products by gel electrophoresis. Analysis of every type of mismatch in
      many different sequence contexts indicates that more than 50 percent of all
      single base substitutions can be detected. The feasibility of this method for
      localizing base substitutions directly in genomic DNA samples is demonstrated by
      the detection of single base mutations in DNA obtained from individuals with beta
      thalassemia, a genetic disorder in beta-globin gene expression.

PMID- 4071044
TI  - Broader commitment laws sought.

PMID- 4071045
TI  - New university-industry pact signed.

PMID- 4071046
TI  - Swiss voters reject ban on vivisection.

PMID- 4071047
TI  - Violence seen as public health issue.

PMID- 4071048
TI  - "Alz 50" recognizes an Alzheimer's protein.

PMID- 4071049
TI  - A new in vitro model of seizure activity.

PMID- 4071050
TI  - Action potentials halt growth cone elongation.

PMID- 4071051
TI  - Stereoscopic images in confocal (tandem scanning) microscopy.
AB  - Stereoscopic pair images with parallel projection geometry are obtained by
      through-focusing along two inclined axes while recording two (summed and stacked)
      images with a microscope with a very shallow depth of field. The two stack images
      sample the same depth slice of translucent or reflective specimens. The method
      will work most conveniently with a tandem scanning microscope (a direct-view,
      confocal scanning optical microscope). This is a direct method for recording
      stereo images that can be used to the limit of resolution in optical microscopy.
      It demonstrates a previously unrealized advantage of confocal optical microscopy.

PMID- 4071052
TI  - The role of macrophages in particle translocation from lungs to lymph nodes.
AB  - Red fluorescent and green fluorescent microspheres were instilled into separate
      but adjacent areas of dog lung lobes. After 7 days, the tracheobronchial lymph
      nodes that drained both of the instilled areas contained many macrophages with
      all red or all green microspheres but rarely both. This indicates that the
      particles did not translocate passively and that lung macrophages phagocytized
      the microspheres in the lung and carried them to the tracheobronchial lymph
      nodes. In addition, two populations of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM's),
      one that had phagocytized red microspheres in vivo and one that had phagocytized
      green microspheres, were lavaged from the lungs of dogs, mixed into one
      population, and instilled back into a previously unexposed lung lobe of the same
      dogs. As in the first experiment, the tracheobronchial lymph nodes that drained
      the instilled area contained numerous macrophages with either all red or all
      green microspheres. This suggested that the instilled PAM's had migrated to the
      tracheobronchial lymph nodes. Thus, lung macrophages, including PAM's probably
      play a critical role in the induction of lung immunity and in protection from
      disease by determining particle translocation.

PMID- 4071053
TI  - Myofibrils bear most of the resting tension in frog skeletal muscle.
AB  - The tension that develops when relaxed muscles are stretched is the resting (or
      passive) tension. It has recently been shown that the resting tension of intact
      skeletal muscle fibers is equivalent to that of mechanically skinned skeletal
      muscle fibers. Laser diffraction measurements of sarcomere length have now been
      used to show that the exponential relation between resting tension and sarcomere
      length for whole frog semitendinosus muscle is similar to that of single fibers.
      Slack sarcomere lengths and the rates of stress relaxation in these muscles were
      similar to those in skinned fibers, and sarcomere length remained unchanged
      during stress relaxation, as in skinned fibers. Thus, in intact semitendinosus
      muscle of the frog up to a sarcomere length of about 3.8 micrometers, resting
      tension arises, not in the connective tissue as is commonly thought, but in the
      elastic resistance of the myofibrils.

PMID- 4071054
TI  - Nutrition report and the Academy.

PMID- 4071055
TI  - Peptide neurotoxins from fish-hunting cone snails.
AB  - To paralyze their more agile prey, the venomous fish-hunting cone snails (Conus)
      have developed a potent biochemical strategy. They produce several classes of
      toxic peptides (conotoxins) that attack a series of successive physiological
      targets in the neuromuscular system of the fish. The peptides include presynaptic
      omega-conotoxins that prevent the voltage-activated entry of calcium into the
      nerve terminal and release of acetylcholine, postsynaptic alpha-conotoxins that
      inhibit the acetylcholine receptor, and muscle sodium channel inhibitors, the mu
      conotoxins, which directly abolish muscle action potentials. These distinct
      peptide toxins share several common features: they are relatively small (13 to 29
      amino acids), are highly cross-linked by disulfide bonds, and strongly basic. The
      fact that they inhibit sequential steps in neuromuscular transmission suggests
      that their action is synergistic rather than additive. Five new omega-conotoxins
      that block presynaptic calcium channels are described. They vary in their
      activity against different vertebrate classes, and also in their actions against
      different synapses from the same animal. There are susceptible forms of the
      target molecule in peripheral synapses of fish and amphibians, but those of mice
      are resistant. However, the mammalian central nervous system is clearly affected,
      and these toxins are thus of potential significance for investigating the
      presynaptic calcium channels.

PMID- 4071056
TI  - GAO find errors in A-bomb test data.

PMID- 4071057
TI  - Brain-derived acidic fibroblast growth factor: complete amino acid sequence and
      homologies.
AB  - Bovine brain-derived acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) is a protein mitogen
      originally identified in partially purified preparations of whole brain. The
      protein was purified to homogeneity and shown to be a potent vascular endothelial
      cell mitogen in culture and angiogenic substance in vivo. The homology of aFGF to
      human interleukin-1 beta was inferred from partial sequence data. The complete
      amino acid sequence of aFGF has now been determined and observed to be similar to
      both basic FGF and interleukin-1's. A neuropeptide-like sequence, flanked by
      basic dipeptides, was observed within the aFGF sequence.

PMID- 4071058
TI  - A model for fibrinogen: domains and sequence.
AB  - Electron microscopy of rotary-shadowed fibrinogen demonstrates that the molecules
      modified for crystallization by limited cleavage with a bacterial protease retain
      the major features of the native structure. This evidence, together with image
      processing and x-ray analysis of the crystals and of fibrin, has been used to
      develop a three-dimensional low resolution model for the molecule. The data
      indicate that the two large end domains of the molecule would be composed of the
      carboxyl-terminus of the B beta chain (proximal) and gamma chain (distal),
      respectively; the carboxyl-terminus of the A alpha chain would fold back to form
      an additional central domain. On this basis, the carboxyl-terminal region of each
      of the three chains of fibrinogen is folded independently into a globular domain.

PMID- 4071059
TI  - Rapid mutations in mice?

PMID- 4071060
TI  - Occurrence of AIDS in hemophiliacs in Japan.
AB  - This report describes the first two Japanese cases of AIDS developed in patients
      with hemophilia. One was a 48-year-old man with hemophilia B and the other was a
      62-year-old patient with hemophilia A. They had nonspecific prodromal syndromes
      of AIDS initially, and later developed fatal opportunistic infections with
      Candida or atypical mycobacteriosis and Aspergillosis. They had marked cellular
      immunodeficiency, and antibodies to HTLV-III. Subsequently, three more cases of
      AIDS in hemophiliacs have been reported in Japan. Because most of the clotting
      factor concentrates for treatment of hemophilia are imported from the United
      States and European countries, hemophiliac patients in Japan are also at high
      risk for AIDS.

PMID- 4071061
TI  - A contribution to the pathology of acquired plasma factor XIII deficiency.
AB  - The biologic activity of Factor XIII was measured in four groups of patients: 20
      with liver cirrhosis, ten with acute DIC, 30 with acute leukemia with DIC, and 20
      with acute leukemia without DIC. In all groups, the plasma Factor XIII
      transamidating activity was reduced, but this deficiency was more evident in
      patients with DIC alone or with leukemia and DIC. The immunologic determination
      of the a and b subunits of Factor XIII was also performed. Both subunits were
      below the normal range in the groups of patients studied, except for subunit b,
      which was normal in patients with leukemia without coagulopathy. Acute DIC
      patients showed an equally reduced level of both subunits, whereas in patients
      with leukemia, even in the presence of a complicating coagulopathy, a lesser
      decrease of subunit b than subunit a was found. Both subunits were equally
      reduced in patients with cirrhosis, suggesting an impaired synthesis of these
      proteins. In conclusion, our findings do not support the use of Factor XIII
      subunit measurements in distinguishing between thrombin- or protease-mediated
      consumption coagulopathy, and they seem to suggest that the deficiency pattern of
      the subunits is not accounted for by a simple pathogenetic mechanism.

PMID- 4071062
TI  - Effect of Russell's viper venom phospholipase A on blood coagulation and platelet
      aggregation.

PMID- 4071063
TI  - Human antithrombin concentrates and experimental disseminated intravascular
      coagulation.
AB  - The effect of human antithrombin III concentrates was studied in a dog model in
      which DIC was produced by the infusion of 0.66 M lactic acid. In 35 animals
      infused with lactic acid only, platelet counts, fibrinogen levels, alpha 2
      antiplasmin levels, and antithrombin levels decreased significantly over a 4-hour
      observation period. At the same time, the levels of fibrin(ogen) split products
      increased. At the end of the experimental period, the glomeruli of the dogs'
      kidneys contained significant quantities of fibrin. Hemodynamically, the dogs
      experienced a significant decrease in cardiac output, whereas the mean arterial
      blood pressures remained unchanged. Urine output seemed to decline during the
      time of study. Appreciable quantities of heparin could be measured in the dogs'
      plasmas. In 13 dogs that were treated in the same manner as the just described 35
      animals, 1 U of human antithrombin concentrate per ml of calculated dog plasma
      was infused over a 90-minute time span, beginning after 1 hour of acidosis.
      Although no differences were noted in the decrease in platelet counts between the
      two groups, fibrinogen levels and alpha 2-antiplasmin levels declined less
      drastically in the antithrombin-treated group. Also the levels of fibrin(ogen)
      split products increased less in the treated group. The antithrombin activity
      levels increased markedly and remained at their high levels even after the
      infusion of antithrombin had ceased. The amount of human antithrombin circulating
      was followed by immunologic assays using a human antibody to antithrombin. Also,
      with this technique, the levels of infused antithrombin did not decrease. The
      amount of fibrin found in the glomeruli of this group of animals was
      significantly lower than in the nontreated group (p less than 0.001). Even
      cardiac output was higher in the treated group and urine production seemed to
      increase. Also, these dogs had appreciable quantities of heparin in their
      plasmas. In a control group of six animals who were infused with saline instead
      of lactic acid, no major changes were observed in the coagulation and
      cardiovascular parameters. These data seem to suggest that antithrombin
      concentrates exert a certain protective effect in this particular DIC animal
      model.

PMID- 4071064
TI  - Studies on the purification and characteristics of histidine-rich glycoprotein.
AB  - HRG demonstrated a high affinity for heparin and could thus participate in the
      inhibition of the clotting mechanism. HRG had inhibitory effects on DS as well,
      as was observed from assaying HC II activity. This investigation will be
      continued to clarify the role of HRG, HC II, AT III, and heparin in the
      prevention of thrombi formation.

PMID- 4071065
TI  - Changing trends in pediatric septic arthritis.

PMID- 4071066
TI  - A review of methotrexate therapy in Reiter syndrome.

PMID- 4071067
TI  - [Extra-articular, fan shaped drilling of patellar spongiosa in chrondopathia
      patellae. Operation method and initial results].

PMID- 4071068
TI  - [Correction of post-traumatic malpositions of the femur].

PMID- 4071069
TI  - [Frequency of recurrences following traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation].

PMID- 4071070
TI  - [Effect of pain suppression on instrumental roentgen diagnosis of fibular
      articular ligament injuries].

PMID- 4071071
TI  - [Replacement of the medial lateral knee ligament by polyglactin 910 in the fox
      hound and rabbit].

PMID- 4071072
TI  - [Gentamicin PMMA minichains in septic bone and soft tissue surgery].

PMID- 4071073
TI  - [Classification of the severity of injury].

PMID- 4071074
TI  - [Surgical treatment of distal radius fracture with external fixation].

PMID- 4071075
TI  - [Recommendation for the classification of spinal injuries].

PMID- 4071076
TI  - [Standardized evaluation of the shoulder joint].

PMID- 4071077
TI  - [Clinical aspects and classification of periarticular diseases of the
      glenohumeral joint. Retrospective studies in 183 patients].

PMID- 4071078
TI  - [Surgical treatment of fracture of the humerus shaft].

PMID- 4071079
TI  - [Femoral neck fracture in childhood. I. General findings].

PMID- 4071080
TI  - [Femoral neck fracture in childhood. II. Results of follow-up].

PMID- 4071081
TI  - Case of the Season. Fibrogenesis imperfecta ostium.

PMID- 4071082
TI  - Radiologic aspects of intrathoracic sarcoidosis.

PMID- 4071083
TI  - Musculoskeletal manifestations of sarcoidosis.

PMID- 4071084
TI  - Neurosarcoidosis of the brain and meninges.

PMID- 4071085
TI  - Radiographic features of sarcoidosis in pediatric patients.

PMID- 4071086
TI  - Rice gruel in management of infantile diarrhoea.

PMID- 4071087
TI  - Serum protein markers in schizophrenia: haptoglobin, transferrin and group
      specific component types.

PMID- 4071088
TI  - The significance of doubtful smears and their management using colposcopy.

PMID- 4071089
TI  - Motivation techniques in the treatment of obesity.

PMID- 4071090
TI  - Coagulation profile in systemic lupus erythematosus studies in 20 patients.

PMID- 4071091
TI  - Elevation of creatinine phosphokinase in heat syndrome.

PMID- 4071092
TI  - The fragile X syndrome: first family reported in Malaysia.

PMID- 4071093
TI  - Antibiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis--report of five cases and review
      of the literature.

PMID- 4071094
TI  - Acute septicaemic melioidosis. A report of three fatal cases.

PMID- 4071095
TI  - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma with autonomic epilepsy.

PMID- 4071096
TI  - Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT): an unusual manifestation of obstructive liver
      disease due to cholelithiasis.

PMID- 4071097
TI  - Uterus didelphys associated with unilateral haematocolpos and ipsilateral renal
      agenesis. A case report.

PMID- 4071099
TI  - Mycetoma.
AB  - A retrospective analysis was made of the radiologic features of 30 cases of
      mycetoma. Conventional radiographs, computerized tomography (CT), and isotope
      bone scans were assessed. Soft-tissue swelling was the only abnormality in 27%.
      Periosteal reaction was present in 67%, sclerosis in 53%, endosteal reaction in
      50%, and cortical erosions in 43%. Cavities which were found in 33% are important
      as predictors of the causative micro-organism. Conventional radiographs are
      essential to the management of mycetoma as bone involvement makes non-surgical
      cure unlikely. The role of CT in diagnosis and management appears to be minor,
      except when the thigh is involved. Isotope bone scanning appears to have no value
      in either diagnosis or management.

PMID- 4071098
TI  - Localized chondrocalcinosis in traumatized joints.
AB  - The radiographs and medical records were reviewed of 76 patients who presented
      with chondrocalcinosis over a period of two years. Two groups of patients could
      be distinguished. The first group consisted of 58 mostly elderly patients (age 53
      89 years [mean 71.8]). In these, chondrocalcinosis was most likely to be caused
      by an underlying disease such as calcium crystal deposition disease or it was
      present in association with osteoarthritis. In most cases of this group the
      findings were bilateral. The second group consisted of 18 patients who were
      significantly younger (age 15-69 years [mean 43.1]). In these patients there was
      no evidence of an underlying disease. Chondrocalcinosis was seen in only one
      joint, which had sustained damage by surgery or trauma. The knees were affected
      in the majority of cases and meniscectomy was believed to be the previous trauma
      in most of these cases. The hands were involved in two patients, the wrist,
      shoulder, or elbow were involved in other patients. In two cases with
      chondrocalcinosis in the hand and knee, the findings disappeared several weeks to
      months after the injury. The findings in the group of patients with a history of
      trauma or surgery and no other disease, support the concept that
      chondrocalcinosis may result from previous joint damage.

PMID- 4071100
TI  - Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis of the hand following human bites.
AB  - The spectrum of radiographic abnormalities accompanying bone and joint infection
      that results from human bites of the hand is presented in an analysis of 13
      patients. Features include mono-articular involvement, predilection for a
      metacarpophalangeal joint, soft tissue swelling, joint space narrowing, bone
      erosions and periostitis. Magnification techniques may be required for early and
      accurate diagnosis.

PMID- 4071101
TI  - Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis affecting three family members.
AB  - Skeletal surveys were performed on a 38-year-old Japanese mother, her son and
      daughter. The radiographs of both children showed characteristic features of
      osteopathia striata. However, in the mother, the skull, mandible, and lower
      extremities were homogeneously sclerotic with no evidence of a striated pattern
      of sclerosis in her skeleton. Additional features of striated sclerosis of the
      mandible in patients with osteopathia striata are discussed.

PMID- 4071102
TI  - Trabecular stress fractures during fluoride therapy for osteoporosis.
AB  - Joint pain and swelling in patients on fluoride therapy are generally attributed
      to rheumatic phenomena; however, their occurrence exclusively in the lower limbs
      suggests a mechanical cause. Eight patients receiving daily doses of sodium
      fluoride 1.09 mg/kg, elemental calcium 1 gm, and vitamin D 1000-2800 units for
      osteoporosis spontaneously developed 17 episodes of periarticular pain and
      swelling in the lower limbs. Radiographs taken within two weeks of the onset of
      pain were negative, but when repeated 4-6 weeks later showed features of healing
      stress fractures in the periarticular cancellous bone at the following sites:
      distal femur (2) proximal tibia (3), distal tibia (6), calcaneum (6). Bone
      scintigraphy was positive on five occasions, two before radiographic signs had
      appeared.

PMID- 4071103
TI  - Meniscal tears on knee arthrography: patterns of arthrographic abnormalities.
AB  - The presence or absence of a meniscal tear was established in 340 out of 475
      consecutive patients who had double contrast knee arthrograms. The accuracy in
      these 340 cases was 95% for both the medial and lateral menisci although the
      specificity for lateral tears was only 0.64. Analysis of the pattern of
      arthrographic abnormalities revealed that both medial and lateral tears usually
      involved the posterior horn of the meniscus. Posterior horn abnormalities rarely
      caused a false positive diagnosis of a meniscal tear. In contrast, isolated
      blunting of the anterior horn of either the lateral or medial meniscus was an
      unreliable sign of a tear and accounted for many of the false positive diagnoses.
      It is concluded that careful attention to the posterior horn of each meniscus is
      essential for accurate arthrographic diagnosis of a meniscal tear.

PMID- 4071104
TI  - Erosive arthropathy associated with scleromyxedema.
AB  - Mucin deposition in the skin (scleromyxedema) is a rare disorder with a
      historically confusing nomenclature. The etiology and pathogenesis of the disease
      is poorly understood. The precise extent of potential systemic involvement is
      uncertain but the prevailing hypothesis is that scleromyxedema is a disorder of
      skin fibroblasts without internal organ involvement. Two patients with
      scleromyxedema skin lesions are described in whom an erosive arthropathy
      developed in joints contiguous to clinically involved skin. Because of the
      absence of other causes of destructive arthritis, it is postulated that the
      associated skin disease resulted in infiltration of adjacent synovium with
      subsequent erosions.

PMID- 4071105
TI  - Case report 330: Take granulomas of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (self
      induced).

PMID- 4071106
TI  - Case report 336: Plasmacellular osteomyelitis of the iliac bone/organized,
      partially calcified hematoma of the sacrum.

PMID- 4071107
TI  - Case report 337: Cystic chondroblastoma of calcaneus.

PMID- 4071108
TI  - Case report 338: Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) of the radius associated with an
      aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC).

PMID- 4071109
TI  - Case report 339: Congenital multiple fibromatosis.

PMID- 4071110
TI  - Whither the state in Yugoslav health care?
AB  - As part of their broader sociopolitical system of self-managing socialism, the
      Yugoslavs have attempted to create a health care system which is simultaneously
      destaticized, depoliticized, decentralized, democratized and economically and
      socially efficient. This paper provides a description and evaluation of the
      evolving self-managed health sector in post-World War II Yugoslavia. I argue
      that, despite repeated institution restructuring and innovation and some
      noteworthy accomplishments, the Yugoslavs have fallen short of their health
      objectives. After presenting alternative explanations for these shortcomings, I
      propose that they can best be understood in terms of the contradictions the
      Yugoslavs have encountered in their efforts to simultaneously pursue
      destatization, depoliticization, decentralization, democratization and social and
      economic efficiency. I conclude with an ideologically unpopular proposal that
      some form of continuous and legitimate central state coordination may be
      necessary to resolve current critical problems in Yugoslav health care (e.g.
      persistent deficits in health financing, shortages of basic medical supplies,
      duplication of expensive medical technology, unemployed health workers despite
      unmet health needs, persistent health inequalities).

PMID- 4071111
TI  - Time trends and key factors in the choice of one-step or two-step biopsy and
      surgery for breast cancer.
AB  - The relationship between type of biopsy-mastectomy procedure and four sets of
      independent variables (physician, patient, hospital and tumor characteristics)
      was examined for 993 locally-staged breast cancer patients diagnosed between 1974
      and 1981 in 13 counties of western Washington State. Time trends were also
      investigated. Cases were selected from records of a population-based cancer
      registry. The frequency of the two-step procedure, in which biopsy and surgery
      occur on different days, increased from 28 to 57% during the 8-year study period.
      Use of the two-step procedure was associated with younger age of the patient,
      less suspicious symptoms or mammogram results, younger physician cohorts and
      hospitals with government and health maintenance organization proprietorship.
      These relationships remained unchanged after controlling for potentially
      confounding variables. There were also substantial differences between individual
      hospitals in the frequency of the two-step procedure, suggesting differing
      schools of thought in different locales.

PMID- 4071112
TI  - Mental health and satisfaction among tax officers.
AB  - This study assessed the mental well-being and job satisfaction of a random sample
      of 318 tax officers in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. It was
      found that tax officers were less satisfied with their jobs, and showed signs of
      mental stress in contrast with other normative groups. Using multivariate
      analysis, it was found that 'autocratic management style' was a strong predictor
      of job dissatisfaction, while 'qualitative and quantitative work overload' was
      the major source of lack of mental well-being.

PMID- 4071113
TI  - Heavy users of an emergency department: psycho-social and medical
      characteristics, other health care contacts and the effect of a hospital social
      worker intervention.
AB  - A small proportion of the patients coming to emergency departments of general
      hospitals account for a substantial share of the department's resources by making
      repeated visits. Repeater behaviour is a complex product of many, sometimes
      concurrent factors. This study has focused on the medical and psycho-social
      factors. A group of patients with repeated visits to an emergency department of a
      middle-sized Stockholm hospital was studied in 1980. The repeater group had a
      heavier load of psycho-social problems than the source population. The repeater
      behaviour profile included: feeling of loneliness, living alone, contacts with
      social agency, disability pension, high sick absenteeism from work and
      alcoholism. The repeater group had numerous contacts with health-care providers
      outside the emergency department. Some of the repeaters needed and received help
      by a social hospital worker. Of those that received such help 80% significantly
      decreased their emergency department visiting rate.

PMID- 4071114
TI  - Maternal sociomedical characteristics and birth weights of firstborns.
AB  - Pregnancy outcome and sociomedical characteristics were examined in a sample of
      1844 black and white primiparous females who received prenatal care. White
      females were more frequently married and more likely to live with their husbands
      than with their parents. Black females were better educated and more interested
      in obtaining further education. White women smoked significantly more cigarettes.
      There were no differences in contraceptive use in black and white females. Number
      of prenatal visits was least frequent among adolescent black females. With the
      exception of a higher incidence of vaginal infection among black females, there
      were no significant differences in general health status. There were no
      differences in birth weights between the firstborns of black and white
      adolescents, but adult white females had significantly heavier firstborns than
      blacks. Nonetheless, no differences were found in prevalence of low birth weight
      for-gestational neonates between black and white females. Infrequent prenatal
      visits, maternal diabetes and smoking were the only significant multivariate
      factors associated with the occurrence of a low birth weight-for-gestational age
      neonate among the total sample.

PMID- 4071115
TI  - Children's perceptions of advertisements for cigarettes.
AB  - Groups of children aged between 6 and 16 years discussed a series of
      advertisements, including those for cigarettes. Clear patterns emerged in their
      recognition of cigarette brand imagery. For example, in response to an
      advertisement for holidays which also presents the brand imagery of John Player
      Special cigarettes, 22% of primary school children and 91% of secondary school
      children said it advertises cigarettes. There were consistent trends in responses
      to the symbolism portrayed. Younger children were very much tied to what was
      specifically shown in the advertisements; older ones tended to perceive more
      complex imagery. For example, whereas 10-year-olds said people who like the
      advertisement for Kim cigarettes (which has symbols for drinking) would smoke and
      drink, some 12-year-olds and most 14- and 16-year-olds saw Kim as feminine,
      sociable, trendy and sporty. It seems that some 12-year-olds and most 14- and 16
      year-olds perceive cigarette advertisements much in the way that young adults do;
      therefore advertising campaigns targeted at older teenagers and young adults are
      likely to present qualities which younger teenagers find attractive.

PMID- 4071116
TI  - Changes in mortality among the elderly Finnish population 1951-1979.
AB  - Morbidity and mortality cannot be explained by biological factors alone; socio
      economic factors, environment, life-style and health care delivery system also
      affect mortality rates. Many changes have taken place in socio-economic factors
      and environment among the elderly, and the health care system has expanded over
      the last few decades in Finland. However, the social changes have not only been
      for the better; and the changes in different causes of death among the elderly
      may have been different. Overall mortality among elderly Finnish males and
      females decreased in the 1950s, but increased at the beginning of the 1960s. From
      the later half of the 1960s overall mortality decreased. The decrease in female
      death rates began earlier and was more rapid than among males. Over one-half of
      the decrease from 1960-1969 to 1970-1979 among elderly males was due to the
      decrease in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality; one-fifth was due to
      the decrease in genitourinary mortality. The male death rates in neoplasms and in
      violent causes increased during the period under study. Over one-half of the
      decrease from 1960-1969 to 1970-1979 among elderly females was attributable to
      the decrease in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality. Lessening
      genitourinary mortality, gastrointestinal mortality, respiratory mortality,
      mortality from neoplasms and from violent causes accounted for less than 5%
      decrease in overall mortality.

PMID- 4071117
TI  - How to get well in Tzintzuntzan.
AB  - Latin American humoral pathology, the so-called 'hot-cold syndrome' has been
      extensively described during the past 50 years. Most attention has been directed
      to the characteristics of the 'hot-cold' classification, the basis for ascription
      of humoral quality, the degree of individual variation in assigning qualities and
      above all, to etiology. Almost no systematic attention has been given to humoral
      therapies. This paper describes and classifies the wide variety of therapies
      characterizing the traditional humoral medicine of Tzintzuntzan, Michoacan,
      Mexico. The names of these therapies, and those of the illnesses for which they
      are prescribed, point directly to Spanish and Mexican medical texts and home-care
      recetarios of the colonial period, publications reflecting classical Graeco-Roman
      medicine. The presence of significant numbers of Spaniards and Spanish-speaking
      residents in Tzintzuntzan for three centuries following the Conquest provides an
      explanation as to how classical humoral pathology could become rooted in a
      Mexican village.

PMID- 4071118
TI  - Smoking among urban Malaysian school children.
AB  - A questionnaire on smoking habits was administered to 4106 Form IV school
      children in Kuala Lumpur. The period of survey was from 9 to 20 April 1984. 2099
      boys and 2007 girls were studied and their mean age was 16.1 years. 32.8% of the
      students had been initiated to smoking and the mean age of initiation was 13.3
      years. The prevalence of smoking was found to be 9.8% and the mean duration of
      smoking was 2.5 years. Most of the smokers and occasional smokers were boys.
      About 42% of the smokers wished to stop smoking and only 1% of the non-smokers
      intended to smoke in the future. The study recommended that health education
      programmes should be started earlier in school.

PMID- 4071119
TI  - Reforming health care in Hungary.
AB  - Over the past two decades Hungary has initiated a series of social and economic
      reforms which have emphasized decentralization of control and the reintroduction
      of market mechanisms into the socialized economy. These reforms both reflect and
      reinforce a changing social structure, in particular the growing influence of
      upper class special interest groups. Market reforms are an expression of
      concurrent ideological shifts in Hungarian society. We examined the political
      significance of three recent proposals to reform health services against the
      backdrop of broader social and economic changes taking place. The first proposes
      a bureaucratic reorganization, the second, patient co-payments, and the third, a
      voucher system. The problems each proposal identifies, as well as the
      constituency each represents, reveal a trend toward consolidation of class
      structure in Hungary. Only one of these proposals has any potential to
      democratize the control and management of the heath care system. Moreover,
      despite a governmental push toward decentralization, two of these proposals would
      actually increase centralized bureaucratic control. Two of the reforms
      incorporate market logic into their arguments, an indication that the
      philosophical premises of capitalism are re-emerging as an important component of
      the Hungarian world-view. In Hungary, as well as in other countries, social
      analysis of proposed health care reforms can effectively illuminate the social
      and political dynamics of the larger society.

PMID- 4071120
TI  - Time budget analysis as a tool for PHC planning (with examples from Ethiopia).
AB  - Few health or development programs take into account the way in which real life
      communities structure and value their own time. Many programs are 'time
      stealing', and when communities find time inputs are too expensive, many adverse
      effects on community health and development appear. Even the spare time produced
      by leisure and seasonality may be mitigated by time costs related to sickness,
      and taking long journeys needed to reach areas of services like clinics, markets,
      churches, weddings.... One effective way of introducing time, in health and
      social development, is to prepare a community time budget or more precisely a
      balance sheet of community activities, where alternative uses and effective
      allocations of time become a primary concern of community planning. This paper,
      by applying a time budget analysis with examples from Ethiopia, aims to
      demonstrate what the problem is and how it might be solved. One of the major
      bases of the social goal of 'health for all by the year 2000' is community
      enthusiasm and participation in Primary Health Programs. This paper aims to show
      that the way to achieve self-reliant development, appropriate to local conditions
      and aspirations, is by employing time budget analysis for activity planning in
      rural areas.

PMID- 4071121
TI  - The health of clients referred to social workers in an intake team.
AB  - Though numerous reports have strongly argued that there is a need for a closer
      collaboration between the health and social services, studies investigating the
      health of clients in contact with the personal social services have been few and
      limited. This study collected information regarding the physical and mental
      health of clients referred to social workers in the local authority intake team
      by means of questionnaires completed by the clients, and a selected sub-sample
      was also given an interview. Details were also taken regarding the social
      worker's assessment of health, reasons for referral and their intervention. The
      results indicated that the proportion of patients with physical or mental
      illness, or both, were very high and that social workers tended to under-report
      or under-estimate these illnesses. While there is some suggestion that the social
      workers were more likely to carry out more interviews with those clients who were
      ill, either physically or mentally, the contacts between social workers and
      medical personnel were very limited indeed.

PMID- 4071122
TI  - Social effects of diazepam use: a longitudinal field study.
AB  - A longitudinal panel study examined the effects of actual use of diazepam
      (Valium) on subjective reports of life quality, affect, performance, stress,
      social support, control, coping and other variables related to mental health.
      Standardized interviews were conducted with 675 persons from the Detroit
      Metropolitan Area. Based on prescription records, diazepam users and nonusers
      were selected to represent a variety of sociodemographic characteristics rather
      than to be a completely random sample. Significant others in work and in personal
      life were also interviewed. Four interviews took place, one approximately every 6
      weeks. Testing for social effects was conducted by within- and across-person
      analyses of 367 respondents who reported taking the medication at some time
      during the study and by comparisons with 308 respondents who did not report
      taking Valium. Users of Valium tended to take less Valium than prescribed. They
      also reported consuming less alcohol when using Valium than at other times and
      less than non-Valium users. Although there was a modest, positive cross-sectional
      relation between Valium use and distress, numerous multivariate analyses
      controlling for levels of stress and health indicated no notable effects of
      Valium use on any of the social or psychological indicators, including anxiety.
      Several interpretations of the results are examined including the possibility
      that the effects of Valium use were short-lived rather than long-term and that
      Valium may have been taken in anticipation of anxiety rather than after its
      occurrence.

PMID- 4071123
TI  - Predictors of dentists' level of knowledge regarding the recommended prophylactic
      regimen for patients with rheumatic heart disease.
AB  - Maintaining knowledge of clinical practices, conforming to the latest scientific
      information, is a major challenge for health professionals. The study aims were
      to measure clinicians' knowledge and to determine what social factors could best
      explain and predict those dental clinicians who are most knowledgeable about
      current expert recommendations for the use of appropriate antibiotic regimens for
      patients at risk for bacterial endocarditis. Telephone interviews were conducted
      with 322 New York State dentists, assigned to the study by a computer-generated
      randomization procedure from lists of oral surgeons, urban general practitioners
      and rural general practitioners. Data demonstrated extraordinary differences in
      level of knowledge between oral surgeons and general practitioners, while the
      level of knowledge between urban and rural general practice groups was quite
      similar. General Linear Model (GLM)-based analyses indicated that practice size,
      rationalization of practice, and practice setting and affiliations contributed to
      the explanation of knowledge level among general practitioners, when adjusted for
      age. R2s for each of those variables and age, ranged from a low of 0.132 to a
      high of 0.334. Age made a significant contribution to the explanation of
      knowledge level in all of the models presented, while the explanatory power of
      the practice structure variables varied according to respondent's locale (urban
      vs rural) and age (younger vs older). In order to assess the impact of these
      structural variables, they were dichotomized (high-low) and entered into a GLM
      program which accounted for age and locale. Differences in excess of 20 points
      (on a 0-100 knowledge scale) were sometimes noted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4071124
TI  - The impact of reading on physicians' nonadherence to recommended standards of
      medical care.
AB  - In order to increase physicians' adherence to recommended standards of medical
      care and to examine factors presumed to contribute to such changes, we conducted
      a randomized, controlled trial using reading materials targeted to specific
      practice recommendations. Seventy-nine internal medicine residents completed
      baseline questionnaires stating their intentions to follow 13 common preventive
      care actions. They were randomly assigned to receive one of two different sets of
      readings covering these care actions. Thus, each physician was in the
      experimental group for one set of readings (A or B) while serving as a control
      for the other set. The impact of the reading was determined by: the physicians'
      knowledge of the recommended care actions detailed in the combined readings,
      their post-reading intentions, and clinical behavior when faced with patients
      having indications for the recommended actions. The 73 residents (92%) who read
      the material judged 39% of the information to be new and 72% useful. Residents
      had significantly better performance on the knowledge questions based on their
      own readings than did their control group peers for both sets of readings. For
      the Group A physicians, reading significantly (P less than 0.05) increased
      intentions to follow one of the seven clinical actions while Group B residents
      increased their intentions in three out of six. Step-wise multiple regression
      analyses were used to predict physicians' post-reading adherence to the
      recommended actions. For the Group A actions, pre-reading actions accounted for
      most of the variance in their post-reading actions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4071125
TI  - Improving the efficiency of patients' comprehension monitoring: a way of
      increasing patients' participation in general practice consultations.
AB  - The aim of the investigations reported was to examine the effects of helping
      patients to check their understanding of instructions and advice given during
      their consultations with general practitioners. Three groups of patients were
      both tape recorded during their consultation and interviewed immediately
      afterwards. The groups differed in the written information they were given prior
      to their consultations. The 'Normal' group were informed only that the researcher
      was interested in how well doctors and patients understand each other. The
      'Permission' group was explicitly invited to raise queries with the doctor during
      their consultation. The 'Guidance' group was asked to use two specified
      strategies to check their understanding of instructions and advice given by the
      doctor. We coded the frequency of questions and comments about treatment which
      patients produced during their consultations, and the accuracy and completeness
      of their subsequent accounts of the recommended treatment. The Normal and
      Permission groups did not differ in either respect. The Guidance group produced
      significantly more questions and comments than the Normal group and gave more
      complete and accurate accounts of the recommended treatment. A partial
      replication in a different practice produced consistent results.

PMID- 4071126
TI  - What caused India's massive community health workers scheme: a sociology of
      knowledge.
AB  - A program to train Community Health Workers was initiated in India in 1977 using
      a rhetoric that referred to claims for the success of health policies in China.
      This paper considers conflicting interpretations of the program at the time when
      it was implemented, its failure to use the extensive institutional structure of
      indigenous medicine, and the failure of those who planned and evaluated the
      program to utilize the substantial body of ethnographic work on medical practices
      and traditions in South Asia.

PMID- 4071127
TI  - From China to Africa: the same impossible synthesis between traditional and
      western medicines.
AB  - I will question in this paper the relevance of the Chinese medical model for
      African countries which are in the process of designing new health care delivery
      systems. With most of the authors who have discussed the question, I agree that
      this model constitutes a radical alternative model worthy of examination in
      itself without considering its actual implementation in the People's Republic of
      China. Therefore, I consider this model as a model and I will not be concerned in
      this paper about the degrees of success that the People's Republic of China
      government has had in turning this alternative health care model into reality.
      Everybody knows that the so-called Chinese medical model is built around four
      guiding principles: the health programs must serve the workers, peasants and
      soldiers; the chief emphasis must be placed on prevention; strong cooperation
      between doctors of Western and traditional medicine must be developed; and the
      public health tasks must rely on mass movements. In this paper, I will limit the
      discussion to only one aspect of the whole model: the official use of traditional
      practitioners, and I will question more generally the place of traditional
      Chinese medicine in the PRC's medical care system. Other innovations--the
      concentration on the common diseases of the majority, the use of mass line in
      prevention, the development of new types of health worker and the recourse to
      intermediate technology are of the greatest interest but these various features
      of the Chinese model, though central, are not fully analyzed in the following
      pages.

PMID- 4071128
TI  - The impact of the Chinese medical model on Japan or, how the younger brother
      comes of age.
AB  - There have been two major paradigmatic shifts in the history of Japanese
      medicine, one in the 6th century with the introduction of Chinese medicine, a
      second in the late 19th century when European medicine was adopted as the
      official medical model. The impact of the Chinese model on historical Japan, the
      contemporary practice of traditional medicine, and the contemporary practice of
      biomedicine is examined. Despite constant contact, use of Chinese medical texts,
      and considerable imitation of the Chinese model at certain historical periods,
      the Japanese have retained a unique medical system adapted to core cultural
      values and to their ecological niche. Public health is government controlled in
      Japan, but clinical medicine is largely administered by the private sector, which
      severely limits any simple adoption of the Chinese model. The practice of
      contemporary biomedicine and traditional medicine in Japan share common features
      and, despite numerous exchanges with China, influence from China at the level of
      policy is minimal, and in regard to clinical practice and research relatively
      small.

PMID- 4071129
TI  - [Determination of drugs using gas chromatography].
AB  - There are introduced values of retention time of cca 30 pure drugs used in human
      medicine in CSSR. The values are expressed in Kovats indices for several
      temperatures and types of columns. It was found, that the indices are depending
      on lengths of columns.

PMID- 4071130
TI  - [Professional basis for studying and evaluating the influence of alcohol].

PMID- 4071131
TI  - [Natural gas in forensic medicine].
AB  - In the experiment in rats the effect of earth gas on the living organism was
      followed. In comparison with nitrogen representing the largest portion of
      atmospheric gases, the earth gas did not manifest an increased toxicity. The
      results of the experiment were compared with case reports from practice, where
      the persons and died in connection with using the earth gas, most frequently due
      to the carbon monoxide content of insufficiently combusted gas. In some cases the
      detected relatively low levels of COHb in blood indicate that in addition to the
      carbon monoxide poisoning the suffocation was also caused by lack of oxygen. The
      authors refer to the possibility of methane demonstration in blood, indicating
      the exposure of persons to the environment containing the earth gas.

PMID- 4071132
TI  - Late effects of poliomyelitis. Part I: Report of five cases.
AB  - We present five case reports to illustrate the late effects of acute paralytic
      poliomyelitis occurring many years after recovery. We emphasize the importance of
      ruling out common medical causes for the symptoms and address the question of a
      "postpolio syndrome." The cause of progressive muscle weakness 30 to 40 years
      after recovery from poliomyelitis remains unknown.

PMID- 4071133
TI  - Results of a survey of 201 polio survivors.
AB  - We present the results of a survey on the late effects of poliomyelitis in 201
      persons. The most common new problems were fatigue, weakness in previously
      affected and unaffected muscles, muscle pain, and joint pain. The median time
      from poliomyelitis to onset of new problems ranged from 30 to 40 years. Factors
      at onset of polio most strongly associated with development of these late effects
      of polio were (1) hospitalization (P less than 0.00001), (2) age greater than 10
      years (P less than 0.00001), (3) ventilator use (P less than 0.0029), and (4)
      paralytic involvement of all four limbs (P less than 0.0240). The differential
      diagnosis of these new problems, implications for treatment, and areas for future
      research are discussed.

PMID- 4071134
TI  - Neurologic complications of Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
AB  - Rocky Mountain spotted fever, a serious systemic infectious illness, is common in
      the southeastern United States. Approximately one fourth of the cases in the
      United States occur in North Carolina. Widespread organ involvement occurs, with
      central nervous system involvement being common and occasionally severe. Since
      the onset of treatment with drugs such as tetracycline or chloramphenicol, the
      mortality has been 4%. Residual deficits are rare, but the disease retains
      potentially serious neurologic manifestations that must be considered and
      aggressively treated. A high index of suspicion should be maintained during the
      tick season in endemic areas. The simultaneous occurrence of illnesses such as
      influenza, mycoplasmal infection, and aseptic meningitis makes diagnosis a
      challenge.

PMID- 4071135
TI  - Anterior herniation of the nucleus pulposus: radiologic and clinical features.
AB  - A prospective study disclosed eight patients (three children and five adults)
      with anterior herniation of the nucleus pulposus (AHNP); in five of the eight,
      AHNP was an incidental finding. Radiologic findings included erosion and/or
      fracture of the anterior aspect of the vertebra, usually with interspace
      narrowing. The complete blood count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were
      normal in children with AHNP. A five-year clinical follow-up of six of the eight
      patients showed minimal morbidity in five; one patient had surgery with good
      results. AHNP is usually confused with fracture (old or acute) or infection; the
      correct radiologic diagnosis obviates the need for invasive diagnostic tests.
      Computerized tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance may prove to be useful in
      the diagnosis of AHNP.

PMID- 4071136
TI  - Surgical management of esophageal achalasia.
AB  - Between 1970 and 1983, 46 patients were hospitalized in the Vanderbilt University
      Medical Center and the Metropolitan Nashville General Hospital for treatment of
      achalasia. All patients had been symptomatic for at least two years. Efforts were
      made initially to manage most of these patients (40) with periodic esophageal
      dilatation. This was successful in only six cases (15%). In four instances (10%),
      patients had esophageal perforation. Thirty patients have had esophagomyotomy
      (Heller procedure), and 14 of these had an associated antireflux procedure. Three
      had proximal gastric vagotomy for associated duodenal ulcer disease. Twenty-seven
      (90%) have had a good result, three died postoperatively, and two elderly
      patients had postoperative myocardial infarction. The other patient had sepsis
      after repair of a perforated esophagus. While periodic esophageal dilatation is
      necessary in patients who may not tolerate an operative procedure, most patients
      with achalasia are best treated with Heller esophagomyotomy.

PMID- 4071137
TI  - Gastric partition after reversal of jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity: three
      year follow-up.
AB  - The jejunoileal bypass (JIB) has met with increasing disfavor as a result of its
      unacceptably high complication rate. JIB reversal was done in 54 patients at the
      University of Florida, with a gastric partition done concomitantly to avoid
      regaining weight. Weight control was generally adequate up to six months after
      conversion to gastric partition. However, mean weight gain progressed steadily
      afterward to a mean increase of 40% at three years. Six months after conversion
      to gastric partition, 55% of the patients (15/27) had gained weight, contrasted
      with 3% of 100 patients who had a gastric partition as a primary procedure. The
      percentage of patients gaining weight progressed until at three-year follow-up 30
      of the 38 patients (79%) in this subpopulation showed a failure to control
      weight. It is apparent from these data that jejunoileal bypass has created a
      nutritional life-style that predisposes patients to hyperphagia. Conversion to a
      gastric partition has a much higher incidence of failure than gastric partition
      done de novo.

PMID- 4071138
TI  - Children with Marfan's syndrome and pectus excavatum.
AB  - Pectus excavatum occurs in two thirds of children with Marfan's syndrome. The
      characteristics of seven children with Marfan's syndrome and pectus excavatum
      were compared with those of 38 children who had pectus excavatum without Marfan's
      syndrome. The children with Marfan's syndrome presented later, had progressive
      defects, and were more likely to have wound problems; however, acceptable
      cosmetic and functional results after chest wall repair were obtained in the
      patients with Marfan's syndrome.

PMID- 4071139
TI  - Nonaccidental burns in child abuse.
AB  - Nonaccidental or inflicted burns account for a significant subset of children
      hospitalized for the treatment of burns and are a form of child abuse. We review
      our experience with inpatient treatment of pediatric burns and examine the
      characteristics of patients with accidental and nonaccidental burns. Abused
      children were of a younger age group. Their burns more frequently involved the
      buttocks and perineum and were more often caused by hot tap water. Unstable
      social factors and chronic medical problems were more common among those with
      inflicted burns. We suggest guidelines to differentiate between accidental and
      inflicted burn victims.

PMID- 4071140
TI  - Intervention and alcoholism.
AB  - It is difficult for some alcoholics to admit their illness and recognize their
      need for help. From experience a process called intervention has evolved.
      Basically it consists of a well planned and rehearsed scenario, devoid of
      coercion and criticism, in which the alcoholic can find no acceptable alternative
      to treatment. He is given every opportunity to begin his recovery with dignity.

PMID- 4071141
TI  - Intracholedochal irrigation with saline through a nasobiliary catheter: an
      adjunct to endoscopic sphincterotomy in the treatment of large stones in the
      common bile duct.
AB  - A 54-year-old woman with multiple abdominal operations including cholecystectomy
      and partial small bowel resection was admitted to the hospital because of pain in
      the right upper quadrant. Multiple common bile duct stones-the largest one
      measuring approximately 2 cm-were seen during endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiogram. The patient was successfully treated with endoscopic
      sphincterotomy and placement of a nasobiliary catheter for intracholedochal
      irrigation with a saline solution.

PMID- 4071142
TI  - "Hidden" disks and computerized tomography.

PMID- 4071143
TI  - Psychosis and herpes simplex encephalitis.
AB  - We have reported an unusual presentation of herpes simplex encephalitis in a
      patient with a 3 1/2-year history of a schizo-affective disorder. In the month
      immediately before diagnosis, the patient lost contact with reality and became
      violent. After successful treatment with antipsychotic medication, he had
      agitation and disorientation, as well as fever and cerebrospinal fluid
      pleocytosis. There were no focal neurologic findings. When a low-density lesion
      in the right temporal lobe was defined by computerized axial tomography, brain
      biopsy and culture isolated herpes simplex virus type 1. After therapy with
      vidarabine, the patient regained independence in simple daily activities. This
      case stresses the possibility of herpes simplex encephalitis in patients with an
      acute mental change.

PMID- 4071144
TI  - Atypical manifestations of herpes simplex encephalitis.
AB  - The diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis is readily considered in patients
      with focal findings on neurologic and radiologic examinations. In the two
      patients we have described, the diagnosis was delayed because clinical findings
      were attributed to other medical conditions, and radiologic studies were
      nondiagnostic. A high index of suspicion and repeated neuroradiologic tests are
      recommended in patients with unexplained encephalitis.

PMID- 4071145
TI  - Juxtaglomerular apparatus tumor: a rare but curable cause of secondary
      hypertension.
AB  - We have reported our experience at Duke University Medical Center with
      juxtaglomerular apparatus tumor, a rare but remediable cause of significant
      hypertension. Our three cases illustrate markedly different clinical courses and
      diagnostic difficulties. Results of the usual diagnostic studies, including
      intravenous pyelogram and renal angiogram with selective renal vein renin
      assessment, may be normal, but abdominal CT with contrast can show even small
      lesions. Thus we propose the addition of CT in evaluating all cases of high-renin
      hypertension when renal artery stenosis has been excluded. Periodic reevaluation
      of these patients is mandatory to increase diagnostic accuracy and avoid
      unnecessary morbidity and mortality. Local resection, rather than total
      nephrectomy, should be considered because the tumors have low invasive potential.

PMID- 4071146
TI  - Ruptured aneurysm of the internal iliac artery.
AB  - Our case and others reported in the literature illustrate that isolated aneurysms
      of the internal iliac artery are uncommon lesions with a highly lethal potential.
      The classic signs of ruptured abdominal aneurysm--pain, palpable mass, and shock-
      are usually altered with rupture of these aneurysms because of their deep
      location in the pelvis. Rectal examination will aid diagnosis. Surgical
      management of IIA aneurysms 4 cm or larger is indicated at the time of diagnosis,
      since rupture is usually fatal.

PMID- 4071147
TI  - Cervicovaginal fistulas: management of subsequent pregnancy.
AB  - Cervicovaginal fistulas that develop after midtrimester abortion represent a
      significant risk to subsequent pregnancies. Since patients with this condition
      appear to be at increased risk for preterm labor and cervical incompetence, I
      recommend a cerclage procedure. The probability of complications during labor in
      such cases makes elective cesarean delivery the method of choice.

PMID- 4071148
TI  - Nasogastric tube perforation of the nasopharynx.
AB  - We have presented two unusual cases of nasogastric tube perforation of the
      posterior nasopharynx. Complications included subcutaneous emphysema,
      pneumomediastinum, and pleural effusion. Both patients recovered. Recommendations
      to improve nasogastric tube safety include gentle placement using lubricant and
      an appropriately sized tube, confirmation of tube placement before any infusion,
      and awareness of patients at increased risk of mucosal injury.

PMID- 4071149
TI  - Invasive aspergillosis of the sphenoid sinus manifested as a pituitary tumor.
AB  - Aspergillus infection of the paranasal sinuses is rare but is the most common
      fungal infection of these structures and should be suspected when sinusitis does
      not respond to antibacterial drugs. Our case involved the sphenoid sinus, and was
      initially thought to be a nonfunctioning pituitary tumor. Treatment of
      Aspergillus sinusitis principally involves surgical debridement, reestablishment
      of aeration and drainage of the involved sinuses, and adjunctive antifungal
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 4071150
TI  - Retrocardiac densities due to paraesophageal varices: roentgenographic detection.
AB  - We have described a patient with portal hypertension and retrocardiac
      paramediastinal density on upright PA chest x-ray film. Splenoportograms showed
      this density to be paraesophageal collateral veins.

PMID- 4071151
TI  - Malignant histiocytosis appearing as cold-agglutinin disease.
AB  - We have described a 63-year-old man with elevated titers of cold agglutinins who
      was found to have malignant histiocytosis. Treatment with cytotoxic agents
      resulted in a rapid though temporary clinical response. Malignant histiocytosis
      should be considered in patients with unexplained cold agglutinin disease.

PMID- 4071152
TI  - Abdominal tuberculosis mimicking neoplasia on computerized tomography.

PMID- 4071153
TI  - Unusual variant of eosinophilic fasciitis.
AB  - We have reported an unusual case of eosinophilic fasciitis with a prolonged
      prodrome of asymptomatic eosinophilia, episodic extremity swelling, and extreme
      eosinophilia. Such a case has not previously been reported.

PMID- 4071154
TI  - Indomethacin-induced renal insufficiency: recurrence on rechallenge.
AB  - We have reported a case of acute oliguric renal failure with hyperkalemia in a
      patient with cirrhosis, ascites, and cor pulmonale after indomethacin therapy.
      Prompt restoration of renal function followed drug withdrawal, while re-exposure
      to a single dose of indomethacin caused recurrence of acute reversible oliguria.
      Our case supports the hypothesis that endogenous renal prostaglandins play a role
      in the maintenance of renal blood flow when circulating plasma volume is
      diminished. Since nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents interfere with this
      compensatory mechanism and may cause acute renal failure, they should be used
      with caution in such patients.

PMID- 4071155
TI  - Spontaneous hemopneumothorax requiring thoracotomy.
AB  - A spontaneous pneumothorax complicated by severe bleeding presents a potentially
      grave emergency. If bleeding continues, thoracotomy becomes necessary to control
      the hemorrhage, to evacuate residual blood and clots, and to repair the break in
      the continuity of the lung.

PMID- 4071156
TI  - Spontaneous hemothorax in a patient with Osler-Weber-Rendu disease.
AB  - We have reported a case of spontaneous hemothorax as a rare complication of Osler
      Weber-Rendu disease (hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia). Because of the
      possibility of confusion with pulmonary infarction and its attendant treatment
      with anticoagulants, physicians should be aware of possible hemothorax in Osler
      Weber-Rendu disease.

PMID- 4071157
TI  - Vernix caseosa granuloma: a rare complication of cesarean section.
AB  - We have described a case of vernix caseosa granuloma after cesarean section in a
      young woman. The granuloma necessitated a second laparotomy and bowel resection.
      Review of the literature failed to reveal a similar complication after cesarean
      section.

PMID- 4071158
TI  - Recurrent laryngospasm: a neglected symptom of hypoparathyroidism.

PMID- 4071159
TI  - Rhinosporidiosis.

PMID- 4071160
TI  - Use of cimetidine.

PMID- 4071161
TI  - "Spigelian hernia".

PMID- 4071162
TI  - Tetanus immunization of the elderly.

PMID- 4071163
TI  - Teaching in gerontology and geriatrics.

PMID- 4071164
TI  - Postmortem evaluation of Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Postmortem evaluation of ten individuals with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
      (AD) confirmed the clinical diagnostic accuracy at our institution and showed
      significant ventricular dilatation with reduced brain mass, increased neuritic
      plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, vascular amyloid, and Lewy bodies in these
      individuals. A matched control group had no or fewer cortical neuritic plaques
      and neurofibrillary tangles, and two of the four control patients with rare
      neuritic plaques had terminal dementia. Cancer and cardiovascular disease
      occurred more often in the control group, but pneumonia and respiratory failure
      were more prevalent in the patients with AD. Thorough clinical assessment can
      accurately indicate Alzheimer's disease, as shown in this study.

PMID- 4071165
TI  - Bowel cleansing with polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution.
AB  - We reviewed our experience with an oral gut lavage solution (GoLYTELY), used as a
      rapid bowel cleansing preparation, and the prospective clinical trials reported
      in the literature to compare the overall experience with this type of preparation
      for colonoscopy and colon surgery. Five studies (546 patients) compared GoLYTELY
      to standard preparations for colonoscopy, while three trials (177 patients) have
      studied surgical patients. After evaluating patient tolerance, quality of colonic
      cleansing, and changes in microflora and colonic gas, GoLYTELY was found to be
      safe, rapid, and effective. It is well tolerated by patients and may become the
      preferred method of bowel cleansing.

PMID- 4071166
TI  - Flexible sigmoidoscopy as a screening procedure for asymptomatic colorectal
      carcinoma in patients with inguinal hernia.
AB  - In patients about to have hernia repair, preoperative screening studies for early
      colorectal cancer using the rigid proctosigmoidoscope and barium enema have
      previously shown minimal cost effectiveness and poor patient acceptance. Flexible
      sigmoidoscopy may be more acceptable to patients and of greater diagnostic value.
      Between October 1980 and December 1983, 100 consecutive asymptomatic male
      surgical patients were examined using the Olympus 60 flexible
      proctosigmoidoscope. All patients were admitted for elective hernia repair. Age
      ranged from 21 to 88 years (mean 59.7). All patients with stool positive for
      occult blood on admission were excluded from this study. In addition, patients
      with any gastrointestinal symptoms, history of colorectal disease, or family
      history of colorectal polyps or carcinoma were excluded. Examinations were done
      under direct supervision of an attending surgeon (W.W. or C.S.C.). Of the 22
      patients who had one or more benign polyps, three had villous adenomas. Two
      additional patients had carcinoma. Results of examination were completely normal
      in 63, while 13 patients were found to have hemorrhoids or diverticular disease.
      There were no complications and the procedure was well tolerated by all patients.

PMID- 4071168
TI  - Pyogenic liver abscess: changing epidemiology and prognosis.
AB  - We reviewed the clinical features, methods of diagnosis, and outcome of 31
      patients with pyogenic liver abscess seen at a private community hospital between
      1973 and 1980. Two patient groups emerged. Group 1 consisted of 25 patients who
      had classical signs and symptoms of primary liver abscess. Group 2 consisted of
      six patients, most with underlying malignancy, in whom liver abscess(es) occurred
      as part of a septicemic process involving multiple other sites. The mortality was
      0% in group 1 and 100% in group 2. Further analysis of the patients in group 1
      revealed that (1) in contrast to findings of older studies, pyogenic liver
      abscess in now largely a disease of older adults who often have no identifiable
      predisposing process; (2) newer noninvasive imaging techniques greatly facilitate
      a firm diagnosis; and (3) the prognosis for such patients has become remarkably
      good, perhaps because of earlier diagnosis.

PMID- 4071167
TI  - Shock liver.
AB  - The clinical syndrome of "shock liver," also known as ischemic hepatitis, is
      characterized by sudden elevation (to more than 20 times the upper limit of
      normal) of SGOT and SGPT in response to cellular anoxia, followed by resolution
      to near normal levels within seven to ten days. In our experience with ten cases,
      systemic hypotension was documented in only four, but processes characterized by
      decreased cellular perfusion were identified in all and included cardiac failure
      or arrhythmia, sepsis, cerebrovascular accidents, renal failure, and chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease. We were also able to document the transient rise
      in serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels and prolonged prothrombin time
      that followed the transaminase elevations by 24 to 48 hours in most cases,
      followed by rapid resolution. In neither of the two cases in which tissue was
      available by biopsy after resolution of the biochemical abnormalities did we find
      the classic histologic picture of necrosis in zone 3 ("centrilobular necrosis").
      The clinical picture of shock liver is so characteristic and resolves so rapidly
      that there should be no confusion with other causes of marked elevations of
      transaminase levels.

PMID- 4071169
TI  - Community-acquired febrile illness in patients with prosthetic heart valves.
AB  - We prospectively studied 40 patients with prosthetic heart valves and community
      acquired febrile illness. The mean age of the group studied was 35.2 +/- 12.8
      years, and the mean length of time that the prosthetic valve had been in place
      was 53.4 +/- 43.7 months. There was a high incidence (37.5%) of infectious
      endocarditis in the patients studied, with a total mortality of 15% in the group.
      The presence of a new regurgitant murmur, skin or retinal lesions, splenomegaly,
      vegetations shown on echocardiograms, and persistent bacteremia was associated
      with infectious endocarditis (P less than .05). The patients with mechanical
      Starr-Edwards valves had a significantly higher incidence (P less than .001) of
      infectious endocarditis than those with other types of prosthetic valves
      implanted in our hospital. Complete evaluation is mandatory in febrile patients
      with prosthetic heart valves because of the high risk of prosthetic valve
      endocarditis as the cause of the fever.

PMID- 4071170
TI  - Right ventricular visualization by thallium 201 myocardial scintigraphy in
      chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - The right ventricle is not normally displayed by studies with thallium 201 in
      patients at rest, but it can be shown by thallium 201 myocardial scintigraphy
      with pressure or volume overload of the right ventricle and with right
      ventricular hypertrophy. We sought to determine the frequency of right
      ventricular demonstration by thallium 201 in 20 patients at rest, who had chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease of varying severity studied at baseline. The
      ventricle was viewed in 11 of 20 patients (55%); these patients had significantly
      lower values for forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and PO2. Eight
      patients had catheterization of the right side of the heart; mean pulmonary
      artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance were significantly higher in
      patients with right ventricular visualization. We conclude that thallium 201
      scintigraphy frequently shows the right ventricle in patients with chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease and that such visualization correlates with the
      severity of the ventilatory defect and with pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 4071171
TI  - Incidence of mammary intra-arterial calcification: an age-matched control study.
AB  - Mammary intra-arterial calcification (MIAC) was seen on the mammograms of 13 of
      150 (8.7%) known diabetic patients and 21 of 300 (7.0%) age-matched control
      patients. Statistical analysis verified no significant difference between the
      rate of occurrence of MIAC in the diabetic group of patients and the control
      group. Therefore, contrary to previous reported studies, our study does not
      support the conclusion of an increased frequency of MIAC in diabetic patients.
      MIAC is a manifestation of peripheral vascular disease resulting from a variety
      of causes, one of which may be diabetes.

PMID- 4071172
TI  - Cholecystokinin cholecystography: is it a useful test?
AB  - We reviewed 57 patients, who during the last four years had cholecystokinin
      cholecystography during evaluation of abdominal pain, and found this test to be
      reliable for diagnosing chronic acalculous cholecystitis. Eighty-eight percent of
      the patients in whom abdominal pain was reproduced during cholecystokinin
      cholecystography and who had less than 50% contraction of the gallbladder were
      cured or improved after cholecystectomy.

PMID- 4071173
TI  - Avoiding ureteral injury during total vaginal hysterectomy.
AB  - One third of ureteral injuries in gynecologic surgery occur during vaginal
      hysterectomy. The current techniques of dissecting the ureters in abdominal
      hysterectomy should carry over into vaginal operations. We studied 30 consecutive
      patients having vaginal hysterectomy by a surgical procedure allowing routine
      vaginal ureteral dissection.

PMID- 4071174
TI  - Perilymph fistula.
AB  - Perilymph fistula occurs when endolymph and perilymph mix, or when perilymph
      leaks into the middle ear space. Sensorineural hearing loss and/or vertigo may
      result. This paper reviews the pertinent anatomy and physiology of the inner ear,
      clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis as a guide for the
      clinician.

PMID- 4071175
TI  - Parotid surgery and the otolaryngologist.
AB  - Otolaryngologists are performing more parotid surgery and are using otologic
      landmarks and methods to identify and preserve the facial nerve. Over the past 15
      years in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at Tulane Medical
      School, use of the tympanomastoid fissure as a guide to the facial nerve has
      reduced the incidence of immediate facial paralysis from 60% to 14% in benign
      parotid disease.

PMID- 4071177
TI  - Rhinoplasty: clinical categorization as a practical preoperative guide.
AB  - As progressively more individuals desire rhinoplasty, facial surgeons are
      experiencing a wider spectrum of potential patients. The young woman in her late
      teens and 20s once made up the majority of the rhinoplasty case load. Now, the
      patients desiring aesthetic and reconstructive nasal surgery represent all stages
      of life. We have divided the patient population into five categories based
      principally on the special requirements of inherent chronologic differences. This
      typing system guides rhinoplastic surgeons in dealing with a variety of age
      groups of both sexes. These categories are useful in defining differences in
      technique and as an adjunct to preoperative evaluation.

PMID- 4071176
TI  - Posttransfusion crises in sickle cell anemia: role of delayed hemolytic reactions
      to transfusion.
AB  - We describe ten patients with sickle cell anemia who became acutely ill within a
      few days after a blood transfusion. Two patients died. In eight cases the
      posttransfusion detection of alloantibodies suggested that delayed hemolytic
      reactions to transfusion were involved in precipitating the acute illness. In
      some cases the illnesses mimicked vaso-occlusive crises, with bone marrow
      infarction, while in other cases transient biliary obstruction or transient renal
      insufficiency was documented. Profound anemia mimicked aplastic crises, but we
      observed a remarkable capacity of the bone marrow to restore the hemoglobin level
      without further transfusion. In view of the prevalence of delayed hemolytic
      transfusion reactions in these patients receiving frequent transfusions and whose
      red cell antigens differ from those of the white population, we suggest that
      efforts to more closely match recipient and donor red cell antigens would be
      clinically, technically, and financially advantageous. Moreover, criteria for
      transfusion in sickle cell anemia should be strictly scrutinized. Quantitation of
      transfused hemoglobin A has proved useful in confirming delayed hemolytic
      reactions in sickle cell disease.

PMID- 4071178
TI  - Acute aortic dissection.
AB  - Disease processes affecting the aorta are gaining increasing attention as average
      longevity of the population in this country increases and as awareness of
      conditions such as hypertension and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
      improves. Aortic dissection is commonly seen as a manifestation of these
      processes in the aging population and is the most common catastrophic illness
      affecting the aorta. Familiarity with its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy is
      mandatory to prevent almost certain death if left untreated.

PMID- 4071180
TI  - Dizzy medical writing.

PMID- 4071179
TI  - Analysis of learning style.
AB  - Analysis of learning style, a relatively new technique in the field of education,
      is being used in grade school and college, as well as in graduate and
      postgraduate training programs. The trend in the health professions to emphasize
      continuing education has created a need for individual practitioners to
      understand the principles of self-education. Analysis of learning style is useful
      in this regard. It also provides a basis for teaching task-specific cognitive
      skills to those in residency training. In this article we review the conceptual
      evolution of learning style analysis, especially its use in the health
      professions, and describe the Kolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI), which we use
      to study 205 anesthesia personnel.

PMID- 4071181
TI  - Vacuum extraction during cesarean section.

PMID- 4071182
TI  - Superior vena cava syndrome due to thyroid enlargement: reversal with thyroid
      hormone.

PMID- 4071183
TI  - Benign duodenal villous adenoma obstructing the ampulla of Vater: a surgical
      dilemma.
AB  - The discovery of an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level during routine
      blood screening in a 53-year-old man led to tests that showed a large benign
      villous adenoma obstructing the ampulla of Vater in the second part of the
      duodenum. Although the preferred treatment of such a lesion is local excision,
      the tumor was extensive and necessitated a pancreatoduodenectomy. Histologically
      benign duodenal villous adenomas that also obstruct the common bile duct are
      uncommon and may be missed during surgical exploration; therefore, whenever there
      are no stones to account for symptoms or signs of extrahepatic obstruction, the
      surgeon should carefully palpate the ampullary region of the duodenum.

PMID- 4071184
TI  - Mucormycosis after open fracture injury.
AB  - An 18-year-old woman (a former intravenous drug abuser) sustained open tibial
      plateau and shaft fractures, followed by cellulitis and a wound infection caused
      by a Rhizopus species, which is a fungus of the class Mucorales. The patient
      responded to surgical debridement and a prolonged course of amphotericin B. No
      lymphocyte abnormality or other host immune defect could be demonstrated in this
      patient.

PMID- 4071185
TI  - Self-mutilation by tooth extraction.
AB  - We have described a schizophrenic patient who mutilated himself by extracting two
      teeth. We reviewed the existing literature on self-mutilation and the
      psychoanalytic significance of teeth as body parts.

PMID- 4071186
TI  - Paper bezoar in the stomach.
AB  - A toilet paper bezoar caused acute abdominal distention and symptoms of an acute
      condition of the abdomen in a 5-year-old boy. Simple gastrotomy served to clear
      the paper bezoar and relieve the gastric obstruction after nonoperative methods
      failed.

PMID- 4071187
TI  - Fusobacterium necrophorum septicemia without a primary focus.
AB  - We have presented a case of Fusobacterium necrophorum septicemia, an uncommon
      infection whose early course may be typified by vague diffuse symptoms or a
      seemingly benign upper respiratory tract inflammation mimicking acute viral
      syndromes or viral pharyngitis. The septicemia is most commonly, but not always
      preceded by an obvious oropharyngeal focus.

PMID- 4071188
TI  - Haloperidol and thyroid-binding globulin.

PMID- 4071189
TI  - Transient pharyngeal impaction and conversion dysphagia in a child.

PMID- 4071190
TI  - Compression of the spinal cord by paraffin.

PMID- 4071191
TI  - Reflux esophagitis.

PMID- 4071192
TI  - Disseminated blastomycosis with intrauterine transmission.

PMID- 4071193
TI  - Two-penny aspiration: unusual complication of a metered-dose inhaler.

PMID- 4071194
TI  - Cycloplegia from transdermal scopolamine.

PMID- 4071195
TI  - Rubella outbreak in Thailand 1983-1984: a study at Siriraj Hospital.
AB  - The recent rubella epidemic in Thailand prevailed from September 1983 to August
      1984 with its peak in March. Throughout the outbreak, approximately 70% of the
      cases diagnosed clinical rubella were laboratory proved. In the middle of the
      outbreak, accuracy of the clinical diagnosis was 75-87%, while it was 25-33% at
      the beginning and the end. Concerning the clinical findings in rubella,
      maculopapular rash may be generalized or localized, and lymphadenopathy occurred
      only in 40% of the clinical cases. Lymphadenopathy and respiratory symptoms
      appeared 3 times more frequent than those in the non-rubella cases. Rubella
      inapparent infection occurred in 5.14% of the contact cases. Acquisition of the
      disease after contact did not depend on the degree of close relationship between
      the index cases and the contact cases. Outcome of pregnancy and congenital
      rubella infection after the outbreak have to be further investigated.

PMID- 4071196
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Opisthorchis viverrini
      infection.
AB  - Antibodies to O. viverrini in the sera of people from endemic and non-endemic
      areas were investigated using indirect ELISA technique. For the patients from the
      endemic area, 92.8% who passed eggs in the stool were found to be positive for O.
      viverrini antibody. In addition, 46.5% of the people who did not pass eggs in the
      stool were also found to have low titer of O. viverrini antibody. On the other
      hand only 2.4% of the people from the non-endemic area with other intestinal
      parasite infections were found to have O. viverrini antibody in their sera. It
      was concluded that positive reaction of O. viverrini antibody is not cause by
      cross-reaction with other parasites but low liter of antibody is probably due to
      low-level or past infection. There is a positive correlation between the titer of
      O. viverrini antibody and intensity of infection as indicated by number of eggs
      excreted per milligram of feces. Patients with a few O. viverrini eggs in feces,
      but biopsy-proved-cholangiocarcinoma had very high titer of antibody.

PMID- 4071197
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis in Philippine children.
AB  - Cryptosporidiosis, a newly recognized parasitosis of humans is being identified
      with increased frequency in immunocompromised and more recently in
      immunocompetent persons with gastroenteritis and or diarrhea. It has been found
      in the Philippines for the first time in children seen at the San Lazaro Hospital
      in Manila. A total of 735 stool specimens from adults and children with diarrhea
      were examined by the Ziehl-Neelson and Kinyoun acid-fast methods and 2.9% of the
      children 6 to 20 months of age were found passing Cryptosporidium oocysts. This
      parasitic infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cases
      of diarrhea in both immunodeficient and immunocompetent persons.

PMID- 4071198
TI  - An evaluation of alkaline peptone water for enrichment of Vibrio cholerae in
      feces.
AB  - A comparison was made to determine the sensitivity of direct inoculation of
      thiosulfate citrate bile salts agar (TCBS) and alkaline peptone water (APW)
      enrichment prior to direct inoculation of TCBS to culture Vibrio cholerae from
      feces of patients with gastroenteritis. V. cholerae was isolated from 611 feces
      specimens. Of those, 535 were isolated in TCBS and APW-TCBS, 15 in only TCBS and
      61 in only APW-TCBS. V. parahemolyticus (21) and non-agglutinating vibrios (11)
      were also isolated but more often in direct inoculated TCBS than APW-TCBS
      cultures. Maximum isolation sensitivity of V. cholerae and V. parahemolyticus
      from feces is obtained by both direct inoculation of TCBS and enrichment in APW
      prior to TCBS inoculation.

PMID- 4071199
TI  - Doxycycline prophylaxis for experimental leptospira infection in non-human
      primates and hamsters.
AB  - Doxycycline was effective as a chemoprophylactic agent for experimental
      Leptospira infection in non-human primates and hamsters. Monkeys injected
      intraperitoneally with Leptospira bataviae, and receiving only diluent as
      treatment developed a leptospiremia during the first week and later leptospires
      were cultured from the cerebrospinal fluid and urine. Monkeys treated daily with
      oral doxycycline for 10 days beginning one day before infection had a shortened
      period of detectable leptospiremia, and organisms were never detected in the
      cerebrospinal fluid or urine. Even an oral dose of doxycycline 2 hours before
      infection and on day 7 prevented the later infection of the cerebrospinal fluid
      and urine. In hamsters, doxycycline treatment prevented deaths from acute
      Leptospira infection and when hamsters were treated daily for 4 or more days,
      renal infection was prevented. The results of animal studies, the susceptibility
      of LC0475 and the five other isolates to doxycycline in vitro, and lack of
      evidence for antibiotic resistance in culture suggests this antibiotic may be
      useful as a prophylactic drug for high risk groups and an effective treatment for
      leptospirosis in Thailand.

PMID- 4071200
TI  - ELISA for immunodiagnosis of human gnathostomiasis.
AB  - An ELISA for immunodiagnosis of human gnathostomiasis using a crude water extract
      of third-stage larvae of G. spinigerum as antigen, and alkaline phosphatase
      labelled goat antihuman IgG in the indicator system was developed and evaluated.
      At the titre of 1:400 and above positive results were observed in 100% of 4
      parasitological confirmed and 10 eosinophilic meningo-encephalitis (EME) typical
      of gnathostomiasis cases, 56% of 160 cutaneous migratory swelling cases, 33% of
      24 cases with EME typical of A. cantonensis infections, 23% of 92 cases with
      other parasitic infections and 1.5% of blood donors. The overall sensitivity was
      59% and specificity 84%. The predictive value was 77%. The results indicated that
      ELISA is potentially useful for immunodiagnosis of gnathostomiasis but
      improvement of sensitivity and specificity is needed.

PMID- 4071201
TI  - Hepatitis B virus infection in Thai hemodialysis patients.
AB  - The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hemodialysis patients in
      Bangkok was surveyed. There were 14.7% (10 out of 68 patients) HBAg carriers;
      26.5% (18 out of 68 patients) positive for HBAb. Total exposure rate of HBV (28
      out of 68 patients) was 41.2% at the beginning of dialysis. The exposure rate
      converted to be 50% (34 out of 68 patients) at the time of survey. Five cases
      with abnormal liver function expired while being on the hemodialysis. Acute viral
      hepatitis was thought to be the cause. One case of possible non A- non B viral
      hepatitis was discussed.

PMID- 4071202
TI  - Alterations in capillary permeability in rhesus monkeys with Plasmodium knowlesi
      infection.
AB  - The transcapillary escape rate and capillary permeability to albumin were studied
      in 3 rhesus monkeys throughout the whole course of P. knowlesi infection. The
      transcapillary escape rates started to increase on the first week after infection
      and were significantly higher than the control values during infection. Plasma
      volume was found to be increased while plasma albumin concentration decreased
      which resulted in the increased intravascular mass, outflux and clearance of
      albumin from the intravascular to the extravascular compartments. Increased
      As/delta X and Ps during malarial infection indicated that the increased
      capillary permeability was due to increased capillary surface area and the
      increased endothelial permeability. As there was no relationship between
      increased plasma volume or intravascular mass of albumin and As/delta X or Ps,
      the increased capillary permeability in these infected monkeys could not be
      explained by the stretching pore phenomena. As these parameters show a close
      relationship to the parasitemia, therefore malarial parasites may play a role in
      causing increased capillary permeability.

PMID- 4071203
TI  - Recent advances in the immunology of malaria.

PMID- 4071204
TI  - Correlation of population indices of female Culex tritaeniorhynchus with Japanese
      encephalitis viral activity in Kapuk, Indonesia.
AB  - Nineteen consecutive monthly light trap collections of mosquitoes were made
      between October 1978 and April 1980 in Kapuk, Indonesia. Kapuk is a small suburb
      of Jakarta where pigs are raised in close proximity to rice paddies which are
      breeding sites for Culex tritaeniorhynchus. Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is
      believed to be endemic and has been recovered from mosquitoes and pigs in the
      area on several occasions. A total of 18,435 female Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were
      allocated to 359 pools of approximately 50 per pool. Virus isolations were
      attempted in both Vero and BHK-21 cells and agents producing cytopathic effect
      were identified in a micro-neutralization test. Nineteen strains of JE were
      recovered from the 359 pools of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus tested. The light trap
      index of female Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (X) and the relative frequency of pools
      positive for JE (Y) for each month of the study were plotted and correlation
      coefficients (r) calculated after transforming the mosquito population data
      logarithmically and the relative frequencies of isolation by arcsine square root.
      The close fit of the data (p less than 0.001) to an inverse linear model (1/y = a
      + b log10X) suggests a close dependence of JE viral activity on the population
      dynamics of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. Three additional strains of JE were recovered
      from other Culex spp. at the same study site. One strain each was isolated from
      individual pools of Cx. gelidus, Cx. vishnui and Cx. fuscocephala. Cx.
      tritaeniorhynchus was more frequently infected with JE than the other species
      tested.

PMID- 4071205
TI  - The place of group psychotherapy in a changing society.

PMID- 4071206
TI  - Dimensions of social support: a conceptual framework for research.

PMID- 4071207
TI  - Attempted suicide in Denmark. II. Social integration.

PMID- 4071208
TI  - Social isolation among schizophrenic out-patients.

PMID- 4071209
TI  - Drug abuse and environment in youth. A study of a junior high school population
      in a county of Akershus, Norway.

PMID- 4071210
TI  - Sex differences in depressed university students.

PMID- 4071211
TI  - [Ways of improving the dispensarization of students].

PMID- 4071212
TI  - [Primary prevention of excessive body weight in a women's consultation clinic].

PMID- 4071213
TI  - [A method of automated work scheduling at hospital diagnostic units].

PMID- 4071214
TI  - [Public health programs for the control of alcohol drinking and alcoholism].

PMID- 4071215
TI  - [Social and psychological aspects of the rehabilitation of invalids].

PMID- 4071216
TI  - [Current problems in the training of public health administrators].

PMID- 4071217
TI  - [Teaching public health economics at medical institutes].

PMID- 4071218
TI  - [Main trends in the development of public health in the Democratic Republic of
      Afghanistan].

PMID- 4071219
TI  - [Current problems in the development of public health in Great Britain].

PMID- 4071220
TI  - [Development of the system of specialization and advanced training of public
      health physicians in our country].

PMID- 4071221
TI  - [Cystic-cisternal lock as the cause of paroxysmal headache].

PMID- 4071222
TI  - [Significance of radioimmunologic methods in the diagnosis and evaluation of the
      effectiveness of the therapy in diseases of the thyroid gland].

PMID- 4071223
TI  - [Surgical treatment of uncomplicated compression fractures of the thoracic and
      lumbar vertebrae].

PMID- 4071224
TI  - [Rare variant of the course of Loeffler's fibroblastic endocarditis].

PMID- 4071225
TI  - [Case of congestive cardiomyopathy simulating manifest insufficiency of the
      aortic valve].

PMID- 4071226
TI  - [Complex assessment of gastric secretion in peptic ulcer].

PMID- 4071227
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of heart injuries at the Central District Hospital].

PMID- 4071228
TI  - [Role of impaired regional blood flow in the etiology of pancreatitis after
      resection of the stomach].

PMID- 4071229
TI  - [Indicators of the activity of tissue hemostasis in the treatment of extensive
      suppurative wounds of soft tissues].

PMID- 4071230
TI  - [Short-term induced hyperglycemia in the combined treatment of locally
      infiltrating forms of cancer of the breast].

PMID- 4071231
TI  - [Features of central and regional hemodynamics in hypertensive crises in the
      middle aged and elderly].

PMID- 4071232
TI  - [Improvement of roentgenodiagnosis of stomach diseases].

PMID- 4071233
TI  - [Glycosylated hemoglobin as an indicator of impaired metabolism in acute surgical
      diseases].

PMID- 4071234
TI  - [Current status of the treatment with cardiac glycosides].

PMID- 4071235
TI  - [The endocrine system and candidiasis].

PMID- 4071236
TI  - [Current aspects of epidemiology of diphtheria].

PMID- 4071237
TI  - [Primary automated screening--1st stage of the ambulatory care of the total
      population].

PMID- 4071238
TI  - [Complex approach to the ambulatory care of workers of industrial plants].

PMID- 4071239
TI  - [Use of technical means in the implementation of the annual examination of the
      population].

PMID- 4071240
TI  - [Scope and nature of the specialized outpatient care of patients with infectious
      diseases].

PMID- 4071241
TI  - [Prediction of the incidence of malignant neoplasms in the population].

PMID- 4071242
TI  - [Favorable outcome after recurrent ventricular fibrillation in myocardial
      infarct].

PMID- 4071243
TI  - [Hemorrheology and hemostasis in acute thrombosis of the main veins].

PMID- 4071244
TI  - [Outcome of acute pneumonia depending on the etiology].

PMID- 4071245
TI  - [Oxygen tension in the skin and lipid peroxidation in oxygen therapy of patients
      with pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 4071246
TI  - [Mental disorders in patients with chronic duodenal obstruction].

PMID- 4071247
TI  - [Endoscopic methods of removal of foreign bodies from the digestive tract].

PMID- 4071248
TI  - [Current treatment of enterocutaneous fistulas].

PMID- 4071249
TI  - [Primary (simultaneous) double contrast in roentgenological examination of the
      stomach].

PMID- 4071250
TI  - [Reducing the mortality rate in combined injuries of the chest and head].

PMID- 4071251
TI  - [Pericardial mesothelioma].

PMID- 4071252
TI  - [Criteria for evaluating the course of the convalescence period after viral
      hepatitis A and B].

PMID- 4071253
TI  - [Catecholamine antibodies in arterial hypertension].

PMID- 4071254
TI  - [Reflexotherapy in the complex treatment of mild closed cranio-cerebral trauma].

PMID- 4071255
TI  - [Acute bronchitis].

PMID- 4071257
TI  - [Deontological system: physician-medical technology-patient].

PMID- 4071256
TI  - [Current possibilities of cryomedicine].

PMID- 4071258
TI  - [Prospective planning of research works in oncology].

PMID- 4071259
TI  - [Optimal methods of advanced training of surgeons].

PMID- 4071260
TI  - [Diagnosis and complex treatment of patients with psychogenic diseases].

PMID- 4071261
TI  - [Blood lipids and mental changes in ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 4071262
TI  - [Interrelations between the electrocardiogram and hemodynamics in acute
      myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4071263
TI  - [Reverse diffusion of hydrogen ions in peptic ulcer].

PMID- 4071264
TI  - [Complicated stroke].

PMID- 4071265
TI  - [Blood coagulation in the remote period after closed cranio-cerebral injury].

PMID- 4071266
TI  - Posterior surgical stabilization for atlantoaxial subluxation in rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - Twelve patients with rheumatoid arthritis involving the cervical spine were
      treated with posterior surgical stabilization for atlantoaxial instability. There
      were two occiput C2 fusions with one death and ten C1-2 fusions with nine
      successful fusions, giving an overall 84% satisfactory results and 90%
      satisfactory results in the C1-2 fusions alone. It is proposed that careful
      attention to operative positioning and postoperative management are responsible
      for the better results reported in this series than recent reports of operative
      treatment of similar patients. The use of halo traction intraoperatively with
      careful attention to positioning of the neck and halo cast postoperatively are
      advocated.

PMID- 4071267
TI  - Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation. Radiographic study of its mechanism.
AB  - The mechanism of atlantoaxial rotatory fixation was investigated by means of CT
      scanning. During the acute stage, there was a common rotatory displacement of the
      occiput and atlas complex in relation to the axis. As symptom subsided
      spontaneously or with treatment, the displacement was reduced and the occiput and
      atlas complex was in normal alignment with the axis. In a few cases where survey
      x-ray presented persistence of a typical displacement between C1/2, there was a
      persistent rotatory displacement of the atlas within the occiput-atlas-axis (C0
      C1-C2) complex. Here, the occiput faced in nearly the same direction as the axis
      and the rest of the cervical spine. This meant an interlocking of the rotated
      atlas between C0 and C2. Either one of the lateral mass articulation of the
      rotated atlas was anteriorly dislocated and interlocked. Compensatory derotation
      of the occiput and a hypermobility of the C0/1 articulation, limited to younger
      children, presumably produced such a rotatory displacement of the atlas within
      the C0-C1-C2 complex. Restriction of rotation and a residual postural deformity
      resulted from unilateral dislocation of the lateral mass articulation between
      C1/2 and residual rotatory displacement between C0/2, respectively. Difficulty in
      reducing such a postural deformity can be attributed to the fact that any
      manipulative force often fails to unlock the atlas within C0-C1-C2 complex
      because of an excessive mobility between the C0/C1, and a ligamentocapsular
      contracture can be established in the lateral mass articulation of the
      interlocked atlas in an ignored case.

PMID- 4071268
TI  - Spinal deformities in patients with arthrogryposis. A review of 16 patients.
AB  - Sixteen patients with arthrogryposis having spinal deformities were reviewed. The
      age of diagnosis of scoliosis was from birth to 15 years. Many different curve
      patterns were seen. Five patients had decreased anterior-posterior thoracic
      diameter associated with decreasing vital capacity. One of them died at age 6
      months of bronchopneumonia and one other at 16 years from cardiac arrest during
      surgery elsewhere. Eight patients had nonoperative treatment with an orthosis,
      and of these, three are still under orthotic care. For the remaining five, one
      had improved at the end of the treatment, and four had increased curvatures in
      the orthosis. Six patients underwent surgery, four from the group treated by
      bracing, and two having surgery as the primary treatment at this Center. One
      patient had posterior fusion without instrumentation, four had posterior fusion
      with instrumentation, and one had posterior instrumentation without fusion.
      Spinal problems can occur in arthrogryposis patients, are poorly controlled
      nonoperatively, and frequently require surgical treatment, especially if there is
      thoracic lordosis.

PMID- 4071269
TI  - Spinal deformities in patients with muscular dystrophy other than Duchenne. A
      review of 11 patients having surgical treatment.
AB  - Eleven patients diagnosed as having muscular dystrophy and who underwent
      posterior spinal fusion were reviewed: Becker dystrophy in one, limb girdle in
      two, facioscapulohumeral in one, myopathia unspecified in one, myotonia
      dystrophica in two, myotonia congenita in one, and hypotonia congenita in three.
      There were eight females and three males. The curve pattern was thoracic in four,
      thoracolumbar in three, double thoracic and thoracolumbar in three, and
      thoracolumbar lordosis in one. Scoliosis was associated with kyphosis in two,
      with lumbar lordosis in one, and thoracic lordosis in four patients associated
      with poor vital capacity and shortness of breath. Seven patients had nonoperative
      treatment, five showing increase of the curve, and two having control of the
      curve. All patients had posterior spinal fusion with instrumentation with a
      follow-up of 9-89 months (average, 41 months). Postoperative support was used in
      all but one. Major complications occurred in four patients: a symptom of vascular
      obstruction of the duodenum in two, extubation delayed until the 7th day
      postoperatively in one and pseudarthrosis in one resulting in an increasing curve
      and refusion. One patient (limb girdle), 6 years after surgery at 21 years died
      from cardiomyopathy. The second (limb girdle) lost ambulation at age 22 years,
      6.6 years after spinal surgery. In conclusion, patients with muscular dystrophies
      other than Duchenne generally have slowly evolving curves, and the use of an
      orthosis in the juvenile years controlled the curve until the pubertal growth
      spurt, when progression occurred. Surgical treatment was successful in
      stabilizing the deformities.

PMID- 4071270
TI  - Progressive scoliosis following chest wall resection in children.
AB  - The effect of partial chest wall resection on subsequent production of spinal
      deformity was studied in six pediatric patients. The following observations are
      made: Scoliosis secondary to chest wall resection in the pediatric age group is
      progressive. The degree of curvature is related to the number of ribs resected.
      Anterior resection of ribs does not produce significant scoliosis, whereas
      resection of the posterior aspect of the ribs promptly produces scoliosis.
      Scoliosis associated with marked pleural thickening secondary to recurrent tumor,
      irradiation scarring, and underlying pulmonary metastases is always convex toward
      the normal side. Scoliosis associated with empyema and chest wall osteomyelitis
      is likewise convex toward the normal side and may respond to removal of this
      thether in the growing child.

PMID- 4071271
TI  - Segmental spinal instrumentation in idiopathic scoliosis. A preliminary report.
AB  - Eighty-six patients with idiopathic scoliosis who underwent a posterior spinal
      fusion using sublaminar segmental spinal instrumentation were analyzed
      retrospectively. There were two operative groups: group 1, 66 patients who had
      Harrington rod instrumentation and segmental wiring, and group 2, 20 patients who
      had Luque rod instrumentation. The clinical and radiographic data of the two
      groups were similar except for the passage of more sublaminar wires and increased
      intraoperative blood loss in group 2. Twenty intraoperative or postoperative
      complications occurred in 19 patients (22%) including 14 neurologic
      complications. Three patients (3%) had major spinal cord injuries, while 11
      patients (13%) had transient sensory changes. There was no significant difference
      in the incidence of neurologic complications between group 1 or group 2. The
      remaining intraoperative complications were due either to anesthesia, positioning
      during surgery, or technique (dural tear). Late complications occurred in two
      patients in group 1 only: one each with rod breakage and hook displacement. Only
      one patient (1%) has required additional surgery. Our results indicate that
      although segmental instrumentation can be beneficial in idiopathic scoliosis, the
      incidence of complications, primarily neurologic, will be higher than expected.
      The major reason appears to be surgeon inexperience with passage of sublaminar
      wires. As experience increases, the incidence of complications declines and
      becomes comparable with conventional Harrington rod instrumentation alone.

PMID- 4071272
TI  - The management of burst fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Experience in
      53 patients.
AB  - The optimal treatment of "burst" fractures is one of the more controversial
      topics in spinal reconstructive surgery. While it is generally considered a
      stable fracture, recent trends toward operative treatment of burst injuries have
      raised questions regarding the necessity of stabilization and decompression. A
      retrospective review was conducted of all patients who presented at the
      University of Minnesota Hospitals from 1970 to 1980 with closed thoracolumbar
      spinal fractures. In 354 of 399 patients, records and roentgenograms were
      adequate for review. Using strict x-ray criteria for classification, 59 patients
      were found to have burst fractures. One-year follow-up was available on 53
      patients. There were 10 thoracic and 43 lumbar fractures. Thirty-one patients had
      associated injuries. Eleven patients had other spinal fractures. Thirty-eight
      patients demonstrated neurologic deficits. Twenty-two patients were initially
      treated nonoperatively, and 31 had early surgery. Operations included
      laminectomy, posterolateral decompression, posterior spinal fusion usually with
      Harrington rod instrumentation, and anterior spinal fusion. At follow-up, which
      averaged more than 3 years, neurologic improvement was found in 68% of the
      surgical patients who had presented initially with a neurologic deficit. Six
      patients treated nonoperatively later required surgery. Back pain was more common
      in the surgical group, disability less common. Radiographic follow-up revealed
      little increase in deformity in either group. The findings in this study suggest
      that nonsurgical treatment of patients with burst fractures and normal neurologic
      function is not likely to result in neurologic deterioration or progressive
      deformity, but in those with neural deficits, significant neurologic improvement
      is unlikely, and neurologic deterioration may occur.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4071273
TI  - Ultrastructure of the nucleus pulposus in the intervertebral disc after systemic
      administration of hydrocortisone in mice.
AB  - The nucleus pulposus of the lumbar intervertebral disc of mice given daily
      intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone at a dose of 1, 5, 10 mg/kg body weight
      for 1-4 weeks from 2 weeks of age was studied by electron microscopy. The
      hydrocortisone administration induced degeneration of the notochordal cells in
      the nucleus pulposus. The degenerative changes occurred earlier in the periphery
      of the nucleus pulposus than in the central region and developed earlier in mice
      treated with higher doses of hydrocortisone than in mice treated with lower
      doses. From the results, it is likely that steroid treatment accelerates the
      aging process of the nucleus pulposus and causes dysfunction of the
      intervertebral disc.

PMID- 4071274
TI  - The relationship between anthropometric, postural, muscular, and mobility
      characteristics of males ages 18-55.
AB  - Three hundred twenty-one males, ages 18-55, had standardized tests to determine
      height, weight, Davenport Index, leg length inequality, determination of flexion
      and extension torques, flexion/extension balance, range of motion, straight leg
      raising, and lumbar lordosis. A total of 106 (33.0%) had never experienced low
      back symptoms; 144 (44.9%) had or were having moderate low-back pain (LBP); and
      71 (22.1%) had or were having severe low-back symptoms. These three subgroups
      showed no significant differences in height, weight, Davenport Index, lumbar
      lordosis, or leg length inequalities. LBP patients had less flexor and extensor
      strength and were flexor overpowered, had diminished range of motion for spinal
      extension and axial rotation (P = 0.003, P = 0.0005), and diminished straight leg
      raising capacity (P = 0.04). A multivariate correlation matrix demonstrated no
      typical pattern of associated abnormalities except a diminished spinal range of
      motion in one plane was associated with the anticipated diminishment in all other
      planes of motion, and often with greater restrictions of straight leg raising
      tests.

PMID- 4071275
TI  - Pedicle fat grafts for the prevention of scar in low-back surgery. A preliminary
      report on the first 92 cases.
AB  - Encouraged by the results of an experimental study on dogs, the authors performed
      pedicle fat grafts in 92 patients. The grafts were used in the following groups
      of patients: following primary disc removal (37 cases); following scar removal in
      the multiply operated back with definite root findings (37 cases); in patients
      with spondylolisthesis who had had prior decompressions but developed fifth
      lumbar nerve root pain after lateral fusion (6 cases); in three patients with
      spondylolisthesis and simple decompression; in nine patients with spinal
      stenosis. Pedicle fat grafts were obtained from the subcutaneous layer of fat of
      the low back in 85 patients and from the buttocks in seven patients. The grafts
      were brought through openings in the fascia and muscle and were used to cover the
      dural sac as well as the margins of the nerve root. They were held in position by
      a fine suture of silk. The results after a minimum follow-up of 1 year and a
      maximum of 4 years have been excellent or good in 66 percent of the patients who
      have had lateral fusion with resultant L5 root compression, in 99 percent of
      patients with spondylolisthesis and decompression only, and in 66 percent of
      patients with spinal stenosis. The results in the other two groups compare
      favorably with those reported in the literature.

PMID- 4071276
TI  - Treatment of spondyloptosis by two stage L5 vertebrectomy and reduction of L4
      onto S1.
AB  - A new method of treatment of spondyloptosis is presented utilizing a staged
      approach. The first stage consists of a vertebral body resection of L5 along with
      the L4-5 and L5-S1 discs. The second stage procedure consists of removal of the
      loose posterior element, the articular processes, and pedicles of L5 and
      reduction of L4 onto the sacrum. The technique for the procedure is reviewed
      along with its results in two operated patients.

PMID- 4071277
TI  - [Psychosocial research and family planning services in Mexico].

PMID- 4071278
TI  - [Cognitive changes in minors who are chronic users of inhalable substances.
      Report of an experimental study].

PMID- 4071279
TI  - [Health service management of alcoholism. Codified psychiatric clinical history].

PMID- 4071280
TI  - [Differential mortality in the Federal District, Mexico, 1978].

PMID- 4071281
TI  - [The oral glucose tolerance test in 1247 medical students].

PMID- 4071282
TI  - [Summer camp for children with diabetes mellitus held in Monterrey, Nueva Leon,
      Mexico].

PMID- 4071283
TI  - [Food consumption, nutritional status and intestinal parasitosis in a native
      community].

PMID- 4071284
TI  - [International perspectives on essential drugs: the experience of Mexico and
      developing countries].

PMID- 4071285
TI  - [The effect of 5 days of starvation on body mass, organ mass and blood glucose
      levels in the general and portal circulation].

PMID- 4071286
TI  - [Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis].

PMID- 4071287
TI  - [Antenatal echocardiography in the monitoring of functional disorders of the
      fetal heart].

PMID- 4071288
TI  - [Acute ischemic cerebral accident--diagnosis and surgical treatment].

PMID- 4071289
TI  - [Recurrent hemiballism].

PMID- 4071290
TI  - [Pregnancy with a malformed fetus interrupted in the 22d week of gestation].

PMID- 4071291
TI  - [Cystic ovarian tumors of borderline malignancy].

PMID- 4071292
TI  - [Noise--a hypothetical risk factor for the onset of essential arterial
      hypertension].

PMID- 4071294
TI  - [Laboratory methods for studying liver function].

PMID- 4071293
TI  - [Possibilities of audiologic rehabilitation of persons with damaged hearing].

PMID- 4071295
TI  - [Concepts in medical nuclear magnetic resonance. II. Methods of image
      construction].

PMID- 4071296
TI  - [High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance of the petrous bones].

PMID- 4071297
TI  - [The base of the skull in childhood].

PMID- 4071298
TI  - [Prevention and therapy of local side effects of radiotherapy in the
      maxillofacial region].

PMID- 4071299
TI  - [Surgery of isolated aortic valve prostheses].

PMID- 4071300
TI  - [Modern possibilities in the diagnosis and therapy of intra-abdominal abscesses].

PMID- 4071301
TI  - [Portal hypertension in childhood].

PMID- 4071302
TI  - [A new surgical approach for the creation of arteriovenous shunts in patients on
      long-term hemodialysis programs].

PMID- 4071303
TI  - [Surgical interventions and injuries in patients with implanted pacemakers].

PMID- 4071304
TI  - [Mechanical circumferential anastomoses of the gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 4071305
TI  - [Staging laparotomy in patients with Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 4071306
TI  - [Meckel's diverticulum and its complications].

PMID- 4071307
TI  - [A significant statistical error. Are incorrect statistics significant?].

PMID- 4071308
TI  - [Pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of traumatic fat embolisms].

PMID- 4071309
TI  - [Infection of wounds with the fungus Absidia corymbifera].

PMID- 4071311
TI  - [Personal experience with osteosynthesis in the trochanteric area using the Ender
      method].

PMID- 4071310
TI  - [Indirect injury of the heart due to a fall from a height].

PMID- 4071312
TI  - [Injury from a slaughter-house pistol].

PMID- 4071313
TI  - [Loss injury of the fingers].

PMID- 4071314
TI  - [Reconstruction of the thumb using the Matev distraction method].

PMID- 4071315
TI  - [Severe intracranial injuries and their treatment using piracetam].

PMID- 4071316
TI  - [Construction of an extension apparatus for the cervical spine].

PMID- 4071317
TI  - [KL 3 tissue adhesive (evaluation in an experiment and perspectives in surgical
      practice)].

PMID- 4071318
TI  - [Experience with peroperative contact choledochopapillography].

PMID- 4071319
TI  - [The effects of various kinds of prostaglandins on the cytotoxicity of
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN)--a comparison between normal peripheral PMN
      and synovial fluid PMN of patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 4071320
TI  - [Methylprednisolone pulse therapy for a child with mixed connective tissue
      disease (MCTD)].

PMID- 4071321
TI  - Health, politics and hospitals.

PMID- 4071322
TI  - Serum alkaline phosphatase levels in rural blacks living near Mseleni.

PMID- 4071323
TI  - Comparison of haemoglobin levels and blood-transfusion requirements in patients
      on haemodialysis and on chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Comparison of haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (HCT) levels and blood-transfusion
      requirements in two groups of patients with end-stage renal disease, one on
      haemodialysis and the other on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD),
      revealed that patients on CAPD had significantly higher Hb and HCT levels than
      their counterparts on haemodialysis. Blood-transfusion requirements were
      significantly lower in the CAPD group. There was no correlation between Hb levels
      and serum creatinine or albumin levels. Two anephric patients on haemodialysis
      had relatively high transfusion requirements, and this may have had an influence
      on the results. An analysis of 10 individual patients who were transferred from
      haemodialysis to CAPD revealed that half of them experienced a significant
      increase in Hb and HCT levels after having been on CAPD for 12 months. The Hb/HCT
      response of individual patients was extremely variable, and did not correlate
      with the number of blood transfusions. There was no significant change in
      transfusion requirements during the period on CAPD.

PMID- 4071324
TI  - Rectal prolapse in childhood--the role of infections and infestations.
AB  - Seventy-eight cases of rectal prolapse in childhood treated during a 3-year
      period are reviewed retrospectively. A cause of prolapse which could be corrected
      surgically was found in 9 children (12%). Among the remaining 69, 25 children
      (36%) were infested with a variety of parasites, 4 (6%) had a specific dysentery,
      and 6 (9%) had a convincing clinical picture of gastro-enteritis. In 34 patients
      no precise diagnosis could be made; however, among children without a mechanical
      or neurological lesion, 90% responded rapidly to anthelmintics and symptomatic
      treatment.

PMID- 4071325
TI  - Self-destructive behaviour in adolescents.
AB  - Parasuicides continue to be an important public health responsibility. The
      consensus of opinion of most research workers is that the previously observed
      high rates are increasing on an international scale. Generally tabulated figures
      are minimal, representing an underestimation of actual rates, and exclude an
      unknown proportion of events classed incorrectly, although such studies
      nevertheless give some comprehension of the nature and severity of the problem. A
      1978 study of parasuicides in young patients seen in the Department of
      Psychiatry, Addington Hospital, Durban, is updated for the period 1 January - 31
      December 1983. The overall patient attendance figure for this period was 10 984,
      while a total of 3 200 requests for consultations were received. Of these 567
      were for patients referred because of parasuicides--17,7% of all consultations
      referred. Nearly one-third (29%) of the parasuicides were in young patients, i.e.
      of 19 years old and younger, which represents a notable increase for the next 5
      years when compared with the 1978 study in which 25% of parasuicides were in
      patients in this age range. There were more girls than boys. Peak months were
      October and November. A number of patients had a history of earlier parasuicides,
      suicidal thoughts and psychological treatment or came from a family with a
      history of mental disorder or previous parasuicides. Ten per cent of patients had
      a history of alcohol or drug abuse. Self-poisoning with analgesics,
      benzodiazepines and antidepressants was the most common method used. Results are
      discussed within the context of a service in medical psychology in a general
      hospital.

PMID- 4071326
TI  - Effects of gamma-linolenic acid on murine cells in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - The effects of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) on growth of cells of the continuous
      murine sarcoma line M52B were investigated in vitro. Prostaglandin (PG)
      production by these cells after GLA treatment was also measured. GLA inhibited
      the growth of M52B cells and became overtly toxic at high doses or after long
      periods of exposure to lower doses. The inhibitory effects of GLA were
      accompanied by an increase in PGE production by M52B cells. However, the rise in
      PGE was not statistically significant. Accordingly the extent to which PGE may
      contribute to the inhibition observed with GLA remains unclear. In order to
      establish whether these in vitro effects could be reproduced in vivo, athymic
      nude mice bearing murine sarcoma allografts were fed either standard laboratory
      diets or diets supplemented with 35% evening primrose oil, which contains 10%
      GLA. As there was no significant difference in tumour volumes between the two
      groups at the end of the treatment period, the oil-enriched diet was concluded to
      be without effect on tumour growth in this in vivo model.

PMID- 4071327
TI  - The incidence of major abdominal surgery after septic abortion--an indicator of
      complications due to illegal abortion.
AB  - That there is a high morbidity associated with illegal abortion is well known,
      but its exact extent is difficult to assess, since detailed statistics are not
      available and the nature of the morbidity is diffuse. We have assumed that
      abortal sepsis is a consequence of illegal interference with pregnancy. The
      incidence of major abdominal surgery after a septic abortion is used as an
      indicator of serious complications. This incidence is compared with that
      following legal abortion.

PMID- 4071328
TI  - Is there a place for the estimation of free tri-iodothyronine levels in the
      diagnosis of hypothyroidism?
AB  - In this study free thyroxine (fT4) and free tri-iodothyronine (fT3) levels were
      assayed in 87 patients with a clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism who had
      elevated thyrotrophin (TSH) levels (greater than 5.5 mU/l). fT4 levels were
      decreased in 72 of these 87 patients. However, only 44 of the 72 patients with
      low fT4 levels and increased TSH levels had a decreased concentration of fT3. The
      remaining 28 patients had normal fT3 levels. It appears that fT3 levels have
      little, if any, place in screening for hypothyroidism.

PMID- 4071329
TI  - The use of piracetam in vertigo.
AB  - A pilot study with piracetam (Nootropil; UCB) was performed in 5 selected dizzy
      patients who had a diagnosis of presbyvertigo or vertebrobasilar insufficiency.
      The study was monitored by assessing the effect of piracetam on the pursuit
      tracking system. All patients showed a remarkable improvement in their pursuit
      tracking, in addition to marked subjective improvement in their vertigo.

PMID- 4071330
TI  - Clinical patterns of presentation of breast cancer in women of different racial
      groups in South Africa.
AB  - The ages at presentation of white patients with breast cancer were found to be
      significantly higher than those of blacks, Indians and coloureds; 73% of white
      women fell into the postmenopausal group, in marked contrast to only 35% of
      Indians, while blacks and coloureds had similar proportions of pre- and post
      menopausal patients. A significantly higher incidence of poorly differentiated
      tumours was seen in Indian and black patients. Blacks showed a significant
      tendency to present with more advanced disease, while whites were generally
      diagnosed at a much earlier stage.

PMID- 4071331
TI  - Pathogenesis and management of ureteric injuries.
AB  - The injured ureter presents a formidable urological problem, both in diagnosis
      and management. Injury by external trauma is uncommon but ureteric injury remains
      the ever-present nightmare of abdominal and pelvic surgeons. The pathogenesis of
      trauma to the ureter is outlined and current concepts of surgical management are
      reviewed. This study presents our 7-year experience (1978-1984 inclusive) with 72
      ureteric injuries. The series outlines the importance of early diagnosis and
      prompt definitive repair in providing the best result with the least morbidity.

PMID- 4071332
TI  - Acute pernicious or fulminating beriberi with severe lactic acidosis. A case
      report.
AB  - This report describes a case of severe acidosis with cardiac failure due to
      alcohol in a black man. Treatment with parenteral thiamine produced a prompt
      response. Thiamine deficiency should be recognized as an important cause of
      lactic acidosis.

PMID- 4071333
TI  - Experience with three identical objective structured clinical examinations
      (OSCEs) conducted simultaneously for an entire final-year class.
AB  - Experience with the simultaneous conduction of three identical objective
      structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) in paediatrics for an entire final-year
      class of 86 students is reported. Difficulties in implementation are pointed out
      and the advantages are stressed. Student and examiner acceptance was of a high
      order.

PMID- 4071334
TI  - Infantile colic and dicyclomine.

PMID- 4071335
TI  - The HLA system and diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 4071336
TI  - Drugs for infantile colic.

PMID- 4071337
TI  - Training the district physician.

PMID- 4071338
TI  - Plastic bullet injuries of the face and jaws.
AB  - The plastic bullet or plastic baton round was introduced as an anti-riot weapon
      in 1976. It has evolved from the rubber bullet and wooden baton round. During the
      recent unrest in South Africa the plastic bullet was used in riot control. Five
      cases of facial injury are reported. One involved the middle third of the face
      and 4 the lower third. In all cases skin lacerations compounded facial fractures.
      Mandibular fractures ranged from a single displaced body fracture to severe
      comminuted fractures. The middle-third injury was sufficiently severe to result
      in blindness of one eye.

PMID- 4071339
TI  - Desensitization of patients with bee venom allergy--current status.
AB  - Bee venom allergy is a common problem in South Africa, and although most patients
      develop only local reactions after a sting, generalized life-threatening
      reactions may occur. Immunotherapy with purified bee venom has proved effective
      in preventing subsequent sting anaphylaxis. However, because of side-effects
      during a course of desensitization, the high cost of this form of therapy and the
      extended period for which therapy may be required, careful patient selection is
      essential. Only patients with documented generalized reactions should be
      considered for therapy. Patients with severe local reactions, and those with
      urticaria or other cutaneous symptoms, should not undergo desensitization.
      Although it is not yet known for how long desensitization should continue, a
      negative skin test 3-6 years after the initiation of therapy suggests that
      desensitization can be discontinued.

PMID- 4071340
TI  - [The evaluation, classification and management of 300 impotent patients].
AB  - Three hundred impotent patients were evaluated by a general and sexual
      questionnaire, clinical examination, hormonal assay, penile blood pressure
      measurements, erectiometry, urodynamic studies and ultrasonography of the corpus
      cavernosum. The patients were classified according to the cause of the impotence;
      44% had a psychogenic basis, 13% a neuropathy, 39% a vasculogenic cause and 4% a
      combination of neuropathy and angiopathy. Psychogenically impotent patients were
      referred for further treatment. Twenty penile prostheses were implanted in the
      organic group; 19 patients were satisfied with the result. This diagnostic
      approach to impotence classification and treatment according to the cause and the
      careful selection of patients for surgery improved the success rate.

PMID- 4071341
TI  - Retinitis pigmentosa in South Africa.
AB  - Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), the commonest inherited form of blindness, is a
      heterogeneous condition which usually manifests as an isolated abnormality, but
      is occasionally a component of various rare syndromes. The basic defect in RP is
      unknown, but the recent molecular genetic discovery of linkage with a restriction
      fragment length polymorphism in X-linked RP offers the potential for carrier
      screening and antenatal diagnosis of this form of the disorder. In this article
      we present an overview of RP and an analysis of our findings from a questionnaire
      survey of 130 affected individuals in 63 families in the Cape Province and Natal.
      The proportions of the different genetic types of RP were generally in accordance
      with those found in overseas studies, being 14% autosomal dominant, 9,5%
      autosomal recessive and 6% X-linked recessive. A further 35% of the affected
      persons had RP together with other syndromic stigmata, while the remaining 35%
      could not be classified into any specific genetic category.

PMID- 4071342
TI  - Radionuclide studies in upper gastro-intestinal ulceration--are they reliable? A
      pilot study of 6 patients.
AB  - Endoscopy is at present the diagnostic technique of choice in the evaluation and
      detection of upper gastro-intestinal tract ulceration. Because of the physical
      discomfort suffered by patients during endoscopic examination, the search for
      better and less invasive methods of examination (especially in the unco-operative
      and seriously ill patient) continues. According to reports from the Orient,
      sucralfate (Ulsanic; Continental Ethicals) has prominent ulceravid properties.
      These properties are being used in conjunction with a tagging agent, in this case
      technetium-99m, as a diagnostic method for the detection and localization of
      upper gastro-intestinal ulceration. In this pilot study on 6 patients the
      positive findings of others regarding the specificity and promise of this method
      could not be confirmed.

PMID- 4071343
TI  - Button-battery ingestion--a hazard of modern living.
AB  - Disc batteries are ingested by children with ever-increasing frequency as they
      become more widely available for a multitude of small electronic devices in the
      home. Because of their unique properties their ingestion cannot be managed in
      quite the same expectant way as most other foreign bodies swallowed. Experience
      with 13 cases is briefly recorded, the literature is reviewed, and based on our
      findings a plan of management is suggested. The potential hazards of button
      battery ingestion should be publicized, and prevention encouraged by parental
      education, manufacturer's packaging and safe disposal of used batteries.

PMID- 4071344
TI  - Disproportionate steatorrhoea in alcohol-induced calcific pancreatitis.
AB  - The pancreatograms, as assessed by endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography, of 51 patients with alcohol-induced calcific
      pancreatitis (AICP), were compared after division of the patients into three
      groups according to their insufficiency patterns. The first group, consisting of
      18 patients, was labelled as having 'disproportionate steatorrhoea' characterized
      either by overt steatorrhoea and mild or no diabetes or by mild steatorrhoea and
      a normal glucose tolerance test result. The second group of 15 patients had
      severe diabetes associated with overt, mild or no steatorrhoea and constituted
      the 'insufficiency' group. The third group consisted of 18 patients with little
      or no pancreatic insufficiency. Twelve of the 18 patients with disproportionate
      steatorrhoea had a proximal complete or incomplete obstruction of their main
      pancreatic ducts, compared with 3 out of 15 in the insufficiency group and 4 out
      of 18 in the group with little or no pancreatic insufficiency. In this study an
      increased incidence of complete or incomplete obstruction (P less than 0,002) was
      found in the patients with disproportionate steatorrhoea compared with the other
      two groups. This suggests that obstruction to pancreatic flow may account for the
      dominant clinical presentation of steatorrhoea in some patients with AICP.

PMID- 4071345
TI  - Ultrashort-course chemotherapy for culture-negative pulmonary tuberculosis--a
      qualified success.
AB  - A group of 250 patients with new or enlarging apical lung lesions which were
      thought to be tuberculous, and who had positive tuberculin tests but negative
      sputum smears and cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, were treated with an
      ultrashort (3-month), 4-drug (rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol)
      regimen. One patient developed bacteriologically positive pulmonary tuberculosis
      (PTB) during the treatment period and 35 others (14%) developed bacteriologically
      positive PTB after completing the drug regimen.

PMID- 4071347
TI  - The Cape Dermatology Group. Case reports from the 1983 proceedings of the
      Departments of Dermatology of the Universities of Cape Town and Stellenbosch.

PMID- 4071346
TI  - Failure of a prothionamide-containing oral antituberculosis regimen.
AB  - A group of 150 patients with sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis was treated
      with a regimen containing only orally administered drugs. Rifampicin and
      pyrazinamide were combined with Isoprodian, which contains isoniazid and also
      prothionamide and diaphenylsulphone. All the drugs were given daily for 5 months.
      Early analysis of the results shows 5 treatment failures, 27 relapses of
      pulmonary tuberculosis and another 17 patients who did not complete the
      prescribed regimen.

PMID- 4071348
TI  - Intra-arterial diazepam. A report of 2 cases.
AB  - Two patients are described who suffered severe complications after inadvertent
      intra-arterial administration of diazepam. The effects of intra-arterial diazepam
      are discussed and the prevention of this disaster is emphasized.

PMID- 4071349
TI  - Pulmonary phycomycosis without obvious predisposing factors. A case report.
AB  - A previously healthy infant developed congestive cardiac failure and an acute
      respiratory tract infection and died 4 days after the onset of illness. Autopsy
      showed pulmonary phycomycosis. Published reports on cases of pulmonary
      phycomycosis in which no predisposing factor was known are reviewed.

PMID- 4071350
TI  - Scedosporium (Monosporium) apiospermum: multiple brain abscesses.
AB  - A 32-year-old female with alcoholic cirrhosis attempted to drown herself in a
      pond. She remained in a coma for 57 days. After a stormy course she developed
      multiple brain abscesses due to Scedosporium (Monosporium) apiospermum. Despite
      intravenous and intrathecal amphotericin B (total dose 870 mg) the patient died
      71 days after the near drowning.

PMID- 4071351
TI  - Prevalence, pathology and isolation studies on phycomycotic gastric ulcer in
      neonatal piglets.
AB  - Rhizopus species was isolated from 8 cases of gastric ulcer in piglets who died 2
      5 days after birth. The prevalence of the condition was 0.775% of 1032 live
      births, and it was the cause of neonatal death in 3.65% of 219 instances. The
      gross and microscopic pathologies of the lesions are described.

PMID- 4071352
TI  - [Measurement of the uptake of circulating iron by the bone marrow].

PMID- 4071353
TI  - [Effect of dipyridamole on changes produced by halothane in blood hemostasis].

PMID- 4071354
TI  - [Alloimmunization in poly-transfused patients with hemoglobin S disease].

PMID- 4071355
TI  - [Platelet aggregation after the reduction of nitro-blue tetrazolium by
      eosinophils].

PMID- 4071356
TI  - [Chromosomal changes in 20 patients with myelodysplastic disorders
      (preleukemias)].

PMID- 4071357
TI  - [Primary systemic mastocytosis. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 4071359
TI  - Adult assistance programs under the Social Security Act.

PMID- 4071358
TI  - [Chronic hemolysis associated with a disorder of erythrocyte permeability to
      sodium and potassium cations].

PMID- 4071360
TI  - Unemployment insurance, then and now, 1935-85.

PMID- 4071361
TI  - Fifty years of service to children and their families.

PMID- 4071362
TI  - Symposium on pediatric surgery, Part II.

PMID- 4071363
TI  - Evaluation and management of childhood hypertension.
AB  - Hypertension in childhood is diagnosed according to age-adjusted values for each
      sex. It is more commonly diagnosed now than it was 2 decades ago because blood
      pressure is more frequently measured in children today. Surgically curable forms
      of hypertension are not common but usually present as moderate or severe
      hypertension (diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 110 mm Hg).
      Although many patients in this group are asymptomatic, some present with Bell's
      palsy, enlarged hearts, heart failure, encephalopathy, or stroke. Newer imaging
      techniques have proved particularly useful for localizing tumors, such as
      pheochromocytoma. Many antihypertensive drugs are now available, and therapy
      should be tailored to the patient's needs, with as few adverse or side effects as
      possible.

PMID- 4071364
TI  - Surgical management of childhood renovascular hypertension.
AB  - Renovascular hypertension is more common in hypertensive children and adolescents
      than in hypertensive adults. This article discusses the diagnostic evaluation,
      operative therapy, and outcome of patients with renovascular hypertension.

PMID- 4071365
TI  - Obstructive airway disease in infants and children.
AB  - Airway obstruction in infants and children can produce rapidly progressive life
      threatening emergencies. An understanding of the common symptom complexes
      associated with regional obstructive abnormalities allows rapid evaluation and
      appropriate therapy. This article discusses the most common types of obstructive
      congenital and acquired airway anomalies, describes their symptomatology, and
      reviews the available diagnostic and treatment options.

PMID- 4071366
TI  - The geographic cluster of microcalcifications of the breast.
AB  - During a period of two years, nine patients were found who had a solitary
      geographic cluster of microcalcifications which appeared to be intramammary on
      two standard mammographic views. In two instances, the women underwent
      unsuccessful excisional biopsies. In the other seven patients, the true location
      of the microcalcifications was recognized and proved preoperatively so biopsy was
      avoided. When intradermal microcalcifications are fortuitously imaged in tangent
      or when they assume characteristic polygonal shapes with lucent centers, their
      intradermal location should be suspected. However, if the form is not typical of
      intradermal calcifications and when the location appears to be intramammary on
      the routine mammographic views, an excisional biopsy will usually be recommended.
      If skin is not included in the excised tissue, then the biopsy will be
      unsuccessful. A simple technique using a metallic marker can confirm the true
      intradermal location of calcifications.

PMID- 4071367
TI  - Hepaticportoenterostomy as surgical therapy for biliary atresia.
AB  - The Kasai I and Suruga I procedures are the most commonly reported surgical
      procedures used for the correction of biliary atresia. Clinical results are
      similar for these two procedures, but the Suruga I procedure is associated with a
      lower incidence of death due to ascending cholangitis. Postoperative care is an
      important consideration in choosing between these two procedures. The
      hepaticportocholecystostomy is associated with a decreased incidence of ascending
      cholangitis, however, it is only an option for a select group of patients. For
      all procedures mentioned, the level of transection of the bile duct remnant is
      crucial and pathologic confirmation of patency of the bile duct is helpful.

PMID- 4071368
TI  - Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland.
AB  - The results of this analysis have demonstrated that papillary carcinoma of the
      thyroid gland rarely causes the death of the patient. Bilateral subtotal
      lobectomies, partial lobectomies and probably total lobectomy combined with
      contralateral partial lobectomy should not be performed in the treatment of this
      disease. The incidence of local recurrence is higher after these procedures, and
      any subsequent operative procedure is complicated by scarring secondary to the
      initial procedure. Total lobectomy is the procedure of choice for patients with
      disease confined to one lobe on palpation. Total thyroidectomy should only be
      performed for palpable disease in both lobes. Excision of a grossly normal
      contralateral lobe solely to obtain microscopic tumor which rarely becomes
      clinically apparent is not worth the inherent risk of bilateral recurrent palsy
      of the nerve or permanent hypoparathyroidism. Cervical metastasis of the lymph
      nodes which are detected either synchronously or during subsequent follow-up
      examination can almost always be resected by some type of modified neck
      dissection. A radical neck dissection with the resection of the jugular vein and
      the sternocleidomastoid muscle is rarely if ever necessary. The administration of
      thyroid hormone as a surgical adjuvant may not be of any benefit and its routine
      use is probably not necessary.

PMID- 4071369
TI  - Characterization of a modified, stroma-free hemoglobin solution as an oxygen
      carrying plasma substitute.
AB  - A new infusion solution prepared from stroma-free, crosslinked and pyridoxalated
      hemoglobin is described. The characteristics of which have been adapted to the
      functions of native, intra-erythrocyte hemoglobin. The solution contains 8.5 per
      cent weight per volume of glutardialdehyde modified hemoglobin with a mean
      molecular weight (Mn) of 200,000 Dalton. The non-crosslinked fraction constitutes
      15 per cent of the total hemoglobin. The p50 of 27 torr at pH 7.4 (plasma pH)
      corresponds to the value for the intra-erythrocyte hemoglobin at pH 7.25. The
      oncotic pressure is adjusted to 28 torr by the addition of 2.5 per cent weight
      per volume of human albumin. The methemoglobin content is less than 5 per cent of
      the total hemoglobin and remains constant for one year. The relative viscosity of
      the 8.5 per cent hemoglobin solution is 3.0 and, thus, is lower than the
      viscosity of blood. The intravascular half-life was determined in chimpanzees as
      about 16 hours. On the basis of available data, this hemoglobin solution may be
      suitable for clinical use as oxygen carrying plasma substitute.

PMID- 4071371
TI  - Efficacy of elective lymph node dissection in 2,347 patients with clinical stage
      I malignant melanoma.
AB  - The results of a largely prospective but non-randomized study of 2,347 patients
      with clinical Stage I malignant melanoma have demonstrated that there are certain
      subgroups of patients who benefit substantially from ELND. Men with lesions of
      intermediate thickness (1.6 to 3.0 millimeters) benefited most from ELND, both in
      terms of disease-free and total survival rates. Ten year survival rates in
      patients who underwent ELND were more than 40 per cent higher than the rates in
      patients who underwent WE. Although total survival rates were not improved in
      patients with the thickest lesions (those in excess of 3.0 millimeters) disease
      free rates in these patients were considerably higher after ELND. Women with
      lesions of the extremities thicker than 1.5 millimeters had significantly
      improved disease-free and total survival rates after ELND (ten year survival
      rates of up to 37 per cent higher after ELND). No women with lesions of the trunk
      appeared to benefit from this surgical procedure.

PMID- 4071370
TI  - Carcinoma arising in Barrett's esophagus.
AB  - Between 1951 and 1983, 32 patients who had adenocarcinoma develop in Barrett's
      esophagus were identified at our institution. Twenty-nine patients were male (91
      per cent) and 29 were white. Amongst the 23 patients in whom the relevant data
      were available, 78 per cent admitted to regular alcohol intake and 78 per cent
      smoked. Only one of these patients did not smoke or drink alcohol. Surprisingly,
      only 61 per cent of the patients had symptoms suggestive of gastroesophageal
      reflux and reflux was demonstrated roentgenographically in only 41 per cent.
      Twenty-one of the patients underwent esophagogastrectomy. Life table analysis
      revealed a survival rate of 34 per cent at two years and 14.8 per cent at five
      years.

PMID- 4071372
TI  - Double circuit esophagojejunoduodenal plasty in reconstruction of the alimentary
      tract after total gastrectomy.
AB  - The results of a new reconstructive technique of the digestive tract after total
      gastrectomy with a double circuit EDDP were reviewed. Since 1976, 141 patients
      with carcinoma of the stomach have been surgically treated at our hospital. Of
      the 68 patients who had undergone total gastrectomy, 17 had a double circuit EDDP
      performed. In this short series, no postoperative complications occurred. The
      results of clinical, laboratory and instrumental assessments in the eight
      patients available for follow-up study were quite satisfactory. Weight loss was
      moderate, if not absent. All patients assessed were content with their quality of
      life and were able to resume their previous work activities again.

PMID- 4071373
TI  - Improved results with a paramedian technique for the insertion of peritoneal
      dialysis catheters.
AB  - Three hundred and twenty-three permanent peritoneal dialysis catheters were
      inserted in 233 patients by two different methods (midline and paramedian). The
      paramedian technique resulted in a reduction in the incidence of dialysate leak,
      incisional hernia and extrusion of the cuff. These results have led to the
      abandonment of the midline insertion and the exclusive use of the paramedian
      technique for permanent dialysis catheter insertion at our institution.

PMID- 4071374
TI  - Prevention of vein graft twisting and optimization of its length using a new
      tunneller.
AB  - A simple tunneller which can be used to prevent vein grafts from twisting in the
      tunnel is described herein. This tunneller also prevents the misjudgment of vein
      graft length to be used. In the many patients in whom it has been used, the
      tunneller has been found to be easy to use and reliable.

PMID- 4071375
TI  - Management of unintentional extubation during left pneumonectomy.
AB  - Unintentional extubation can occur during pneumonectomy. Reintubation is
      sometimes difficult due to the position of the patient. Satisfactory ventilation
      can be achieved by means of an endotracheal tube inserted into the open bronchial
      stump, allowing elective reintubation to be performed transorally.

PMID- 4071376
TI  - A simplified technique for a totally diverting transverse loop colostomy and
      distal irrigation.
AB  - This technique of totally diverting loop colostomy may be performed as an
      independent procedure or with exploratory laparotomy and surgical treatment on
      the distal part of the colon. Either a transverse or sigmoid loop colostomy can
      be used for diversion without the risk of fecal contamination of the peritoneal
      cavity, particularly when working with unprepared intestine. When distal
      irrigation is desired to purge the intestine of fecal material, either
      intraoperatively or as part of a subsequent intestinal preparation, it can easily
      be accomplished by placing an irrigating catheter distal to the staple line. In
      addition, the use of a small rubber suspension bar facilitates application of
      standard colostomy appliances for the stoma.

PMID- 4071377
TI  - A simple, inexpensive technique for clearing obstructed closed suction drainage
      catheters.
AB  - Closed suction drains are frequently used after a variety of surgical procedures.
      Occlusion of these drains by thrombus or debris is a common postoperative event.
      A simple, inexpensive technique for clearing occluded drains with the readily
      available polyvinylpropylene catheter used for central venous cannulation is
      described herein. This method represents an inexpensive alternative to a Fogarty
      balloon tipped thrombectomy catheter for the same purpose. Prompt recognition and
      clearance of an obstructed drain is essential to minimize postoperative wound
      complications.

PMID- 4071378
TI  - Current trends in international mortality from diseases of the circulatory
      system.

PMID- 4071379
TI  - Current concepts in retrobulbar anesthesia.
AB  - Recently there have been major advances in the field of retrobulbar anesthesia.
      New agents which allow prolonged anesthesia and akinesia have been introduced.
      Several new techniques to administer retrobulbar anesthesia have been developed.
      The toxicity of local anesthetics and the complications arising from such
      injections have been studied, and ways to avoid and manage them have been
      expanded.

PMID- 4071380
TI  - Early detection of glaucomatous damage. II. Changes in the appearance of the
      optic disk.
AB  - Once we understand that an increase in the size of the optic disk cup is due to
      loss of optic nerve fibers combined with some physical tissue rearrangements, it
      is quite clear that cupping begins as soon as nerve loss begins. Methods to
      detect cupping are more sensitive to the earliest glaucoma damage than are
      present field testing methods. This conclusion is supported by large clinical
      studies and histological demonstration of nerve fiber loss prior to field loss in
      eyes with abnormal cups, asymmetric cupping, or nerve fiber layer abnormalities.
      While automated perimetry is likely to increase the sensitivity of detection,
      better test methodologies are needed to combine with the objectivity of computer
      assisted machines. Disk hemorrhages, nerve fiber layer defects, and color vision
      abnormalities are early signs of damage, supporting the conclusion that damage is
      present before field loss. A number of other methods await further testing to
      determine their effectiveness. The idea that the disease glaucoma is defined by a
      certain visual field finding on the Goldmann perimeter is not valid if we define
      glaucoma as an eye with a history of elevated IOP and optic nerve damage. While
      such field loss is a convenient means of defining a particular stage of damage in
      glaucoma, there are clearly earlier stages of damage, whether we can always
      detect them or not. No patient should be told that he or she does not have
      glaucoma, but rather has ocular hypertension, based on a particular visual field
      finding. As testing and examination methods improve, so, hopefully, will our
      ability to determine whether damage is present. As this occurs, we will be better
      enabled to select most rationally those patients who will benefit from therapy.
      The idea that field testing is relatively insensitive to the earliest glaucoma
      damage might lead the skeptic to conclude that perimetry is not worth the
      trouble. This review has indicated that none of our present methods,
      ophthalmoscopic, psychophysical or otherwise, is perfect. But to omit using any
      of them (especially field testing) does a great disservice to the glaucoma
      patient. The greatest usefulness of the new automated instruments is that
      adequate field testing is now available in a cost-effective form to every
      ophthalmic office. We need to strive for better detection and follow-up of
      glaucoma damage to prevent needless blindness.

PMID- 4071381
TI  - DNA histogram of parathyroid tissue in determining extent of parathyroidectomy.
AB  - In an attempt to better define hyperplasia from adenoma and for more accurate
      discernment of grossly normal but histologically abnormal presumed
      hyperfunctioning gland, parathyroid tissue obtained at operation was subjected to
      flow cytometric analysis producing DNA histogram. Seventeen abnormal specimens
      and seven normal specimens obtained from parathyroidectomy cases were placed in
      RPMI 1640 culture medium, treated to produce a monodispersed cell suspension, and
      stained with propidium iodide fluorescent dye to provide a measure of DNA content
      that could be graphically demonstrated. All cell cycles for affected cell
      populations could be demonstrated on DNA histogram in the G0G1, S, and G2M
      phases. Proliferative index was arbitrarily derived by combining percentages of
      G2M plus S phases. It was apparent that the value so derived showed a tendency
      for higher value for the abnormal parathyroid tissue but the overlap was
      sufficient so that no specific discriminating value could be placed on DNA
      histogram. While flow cytometry may not be of significant use in intraoperative
      identification of abnormal parathyroid tissue, the values obtained may indicate
      that a spectrum of activity occurs in hyperparathyroidism that cannot be fully
      appreciated at the present time and that may in the light of incomplete knowledge
      manifest itself in the clinical state of hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia.
      The findings of our flow cytometry study may indeed lend credence to the view
      that all hyperparathyroidism represents a four-gland hyperfunction although this
      does not support as a consequence routine subtotal parathyroidectomy but should
      stimulate further inquiry into the pathogenesis of primary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 4071382
TI  - The effects of cholecystokinin on parietal cell secretion in isolated gastric
      glands.
AB  - Cholecystokinin (CCK), a peptide hormone found in both gut and brain, shares
      amino acid homologies with gastrin and has previously been shown to stimulate
      gastric acid secretion in whole animal experiments. To investigate possible
      direct effects of CCK apart from extrinsic neural and hormonal influences, we
      have investigated the effects of the sulfated octapeptide of CCK (CCK-8) in
      rabbit isolated gastric glands using 14C-aminopyrine accumulation and intrinsic
      factor (IF) secretion as markers of parietal cell function. CCK-8 stimulated a
      significant increase (p less than 0.05) in IF secretion and 14C-aminopyrine
      accumulation. IF secretion was dose dependent for CCK concentrations from 10(
      10)M to 10(-6)M. The combination of CCK (10(-6)M) and histamine (5 X 10(-5)M)
      elicited IF secretion greater than that of either agent alone. These results are
      similar to those observed for pentagastrin (10(-7)M), suggesting that the effects
      of CCK on parietal cell secretion may be due at least in part to a direct
      receptor-mediated parietal cell response to this agent.

PMID- 4071383
TI  - Carcinoid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract: presentation, management, and
      prognosis.
AB  - One hundred fifty-four patients with gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors were
      surgically treated at our institution between 1972 and 1982. The most frequent
      primary sites were the ileum (43%), rectum (30%), appendix (11%), jejunum (6%),
      stomach (6%), and duodenum (1%). Asymptomatic tumors were discovered incidentally
      in 93 patients (60%). Symptomatic tumors were common (48%) among the group with
      ileal carcinoid tumors. Except for endoscopy, preoperative studies were of
      limited value. The malignant carcinoid syndrome was present in 12 patients (nine
      with ileal tumors). One hundred forty-seven patients underwent surgical or
      endoscopic resection of the primary tumor; the overall operative mortality rate
      was 2.6%. Of significance was the high incidence (18%) of metastasis from ileal
      primary tumors smaller than 1 cm.

PMID- 4071384
TI  - Parathyroid allotransplantation in the treatment of complicated idiopathic
      primary hypoparathyroidism.
AB  - Parathyroid allotransplantation was performed in a 25-year-old woman with
      idiopathic hypoparathyroidism that had been diagnosed at age 4 years. Long-term
      medical management of the primary condition with vitamin D and oral calcium
      supplementation was complicated by multiorgan calcinosis and renal failure. At
      the age of 21 years she received a successful cadaver renal allograft. Four years
      later she developed calcinosis cutis with widespread skin necrosis. Medical
      control of calcium and phosphate metabolism was unsatisfactory and the skin
      necrosis became progressive and life threatening. A parathyroid allograft that
      was performed with tissue from a parathyroid adenoma resulted in normalization of
      the serum calcium and phosphorus levels with arrest and subsequent healing of the
      skin necrosis. Later failure of the parathyroid allograft was followed by
      successful retransplantation of normal parathyroid tissue from a cadaver organ
      donor.

PMID- 4071385
TI  - Parathyroid carcinoma: the Lahey Clinic experience.
AB  - From 1942 to 1984, 301 operations were performed for hyperparathyroidism; nine
      patients (3%) had carcinoma. The mean serum calcium level of the patients with
      carcinoma was 14.0 mg/dl, whereas the mean serum calcium level of patients with
      benign hyperparathyroidism was 12.0 mg/dl. With follow-up ranging from 2 to 16
      years, there has been one death 9 years after the initial operation caused by
      primary lung cancer. At autopsy the patient also had a recurrence of parathyroid
      carcinoma in the neck. There were no additional recurrences or deaths. Prognosis
      was not correlated with any laboratory or pathologic findings. The importance of
      intraoperative recognition at the time of the initial operation is stressed. En
      bloc resection is recommended, including ipsilateral thyroid lobectomy and
      dissection of the tracheoesophageal groove. Radical neck dissection is performed
      only for extensive cervical node metastases or for reoperations where scarring
      prevents accurate delineation of the extent of the tumor.

PMID- 4071386
TI  - The relation of serum calcium and immunoparathormone levels to parathyroid size
      and weight in primary hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - This study was designed to determine whether the serum calcium or
      immunoparathormone (iPTH) level would be of value in predicting the size or
      weight of the parathyroid gland in patients with single-gland enlargement caused
      by primary hyperparathyroidism. Ninety-two patients who underwent
      parathyroidectomy with removal of a single enlarged gland at the North Carolina
      Memorial Hospital (1974 to 1984) were reviewed. The preoperative calcium and
      immunoparathormone levels were correlated to the weight and calculated volume of
      the removed gland. The calcium level was found to be significantly associated
      with parathyroid gland weight and volume (p less than 0.001), as determined by
      linear regression analysis. Despite the statistical association, the correlation
      coefficient (calculated with the Pearson correlation matrix) was low, 0.16 for
      the relation of calcium to gland weight and 0.25 for the relation of calcium to
      calculated gland volume. The calculated coefficients of correlation of iPTH
      (three different assays) to gland weight and volume were similarly low. These
      findings demonstrate a variable relationship between the preoperative serum
      calcium level or the iPTH level to the weight or volume of the enlarged
      hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland. Identification of the pathologic parathyroid
      gland(s) in primary hyperparathyroidism cannot be based on a perceived relation
      of preoperative calcium or iPTH levels to the size of the enlarged glands.

PMID- 4071387
TI  - Extrapancreatic gastrinomas.
AB  - From 1978 to 1984, six patients (four men and two women) with functioning
      extrapancreatic gastrinomas were treated at the University of Michigan Medical
      Center. In all but one patient, who was known to have a liver metastasis,
      selective portal and peripheral venous sampling was performed to localize the
      site(s) of increased gastrin levels. Serum levels of carboxy (C) and amino (N)
      terminal gastrin moieties were measured before surgery with region-specific
      antisera and N/C ratios were calculated. All patients underwent operative
      exploration and successful resection of all gastrinomas present including a
      single large liver metastasis in one case. The C-terminal gastrin level was
      elevated in all cases and the N/C ratios were well below 1.0 (greater than 1 is
      consistent with malignancy and metastases) in all but the one patient with a
      liver metastasis. All patients have remained clinically free of tumor and have
      had normal basal and secretin-stimulated gastrin levels for as long as 5 years
      after operation. Three of the patients had undergone previous total gastrectomies
      and had done well apart from persistent hypergastrinemia before resection of the
      tumor. Two patients have not undergone any type of gastric operation.
      Appropriately selected patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, particularly
      those with extrapancreatic primary lesions, may be candidates for a curative
      resection.

PMID- 4071388
TI  - Spectrum of catecholamine-secreting tumors of the organ of Zuckerkandl.
AB  - In a series of 24 pheochromocytomas, four were tumors in the organ of
      Zuckerkandl. Their presenting symptoms of headache, palpitation, diaphoresis, and
      anxiety were similar to symptoms of adrenal pheochromocytomas. Two patients had
      paroxysmal and two patients sustained hypertension. All four had elevated urinary
      vanillylmandelic acid, metanephrine or catecholamine levels. Two of the tumors
      were localized with angiography before the availability of computerized
      tomography. Two patients underwent initial computerized tomography, which was
      nondiagnostic. Later scans looking specifically for organ of Zuckerkandl tumors
      were positive. Organ of Zuckerkandl tumors, like other ectopic pheochromocytomas,
      have a higher rate of malignancy. Two of the four were malignant tumors. One
      patient died 4 years after operation, but the other patient remains stable
      despite metastatic disease 8 years after operation. The two patients with benign
      tumors remain well 2 and 3 years after resection and treatment with alpha
      blockade.

PMID- 4071389
TI  - Pregnancy and surgical thyroid disease.
AB  - Twenty patients, aged 18 to 34 years, with thyroid nodular disease detected
      during pregnancy from 1981 to 1984 were referred for surgical management. An
      additional five patients are now in the process of investigation and preparation
      for surgical treatment. Of the 20 patients, four were hyperthyroid and operation
      was indicated for medical intractability. In the remaining 16 patients there were
      seven cancers, for a 43% rate, and three instances of metastatic nodal disease.
      Needle aspiration biopsy represented the most important maneuver in clinical
      diagnosis but if strictly interpreted could give rise to errors in management.
      Two of 20 patients underwent midtrimester surgery will no ill effect on
      pregnancy. Operations varied in extent, tailored to the presenting problem, and
      produced no major complication. One stillbirth occurred in a patient with cancer
      who did not undergo surgery who was managed throughout her pregnancy by thyroid
      feeding. Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy bears a significant risk to the fetus and
      with medical failure surgery can be both effective and safe. The occurrence of
      cancer in a goiter of pregnancy should be appreciated. The principles of
      management should be conservative, consisting of needle biopsy, thyroid feeding
      and follow-up, and surgery, if indicated, preferably reserved for the
      midtrimester or puerperium.

PMID- 4071390
TI  - Transsternal operations in thyroid cancer.
AB  - Large thyroid carcinomas extending into the anterior mediastinum were removed
      from six patients by a transsternal surgical approach (partial median
      sternotomy). Transcervical mediastinal dissection offers obscure exposure and
      therefore entails the risk of the operation not being radical. The transsternal
      procedure was used as an alternative to remove affected lymphatic and fatty
      tissue from an additional nine patients. Sternal metastases were extirpated from
      10 patients. Irrespective of the stage of the tumor, the indications for a
      transsternal approach to onocologically radical extirpation of tumors and
      mediastinal lymphatic fatty tissue should be more liberal, particularly with
      differentiated and medullary thyroid carcinomas. The prognosis for differentiated
      carcinomas is improved by radioiodine treatment, and optimal conditions for this
      therapy are ensured by the most radical possible removal of the tumor with its
      affected lymph nodes and sternal metastases. In the case of mixed
      differentiated/anaplastic and medullary carcinomas, this operative procedure
      ensures favorable conditions for other adjuvant forms of therapy. Although it was
      not possible to extend the life expectancy of patients suffering from anaplastic
      carcinomas, their quality of life was at least improved by the prevention of
      mechanical dyspnea caused by the mediastinal tumor.

PMID- 4071391
TI  - Hurthle cell tumors of the thyroid gland.
AB  - The recent controversy concerning the prognosis of Hurthle cell tumors instigated
      the review of our experience with 34 patients treated between 1972 and 1984. On
      the basis of strict histopathologic criteria, 14 patients with Hurthle cell
      hyperplasia, 10 with Hurthle cell adenoma, and 10 with Hurthle cell carcinoma
      were identified. There was a 40% incidence of bilateralism in Hurthle cell
      carcinoma, whereas we documented bilateral disease in only one of 10 patients
      with Hurthle cell adenoma. Lobectomies were performed in patients with tumors
      considered histopathologically benign and total thyroidectomy in patients with
      histologically malignant lesions as well as in most patients with a history of
      radiation exposure. Follow-up ranges from 4 months to 12 years (mean 3.1 years).
      To the present time there has been no evidence of recurrence and no deaths from
      Hurthle cell tumors. Consequently, in our experience, Hurthle cell tumors seem to
      behave in a rather benign manner. Therefore it seems that the appropriate
      treatment for Hurthle cell adenoma and nodular hyperplasia is a lobectomy. Total
      thyroidectomy is reserved for patients with Hurthle cell carcinoma primarily
      because of the high incidence of bilateralism.

PMID- 4071392
TI  - Further evidence of the validity of risk group definition in differentiated
      thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - Three hundred nine consecutive patients primarily treated at the Lahey Clinic
      Foundation for differentiated thyroid carcinoma between the years 1961 and 1980
      were followed for a median of 13 years and a minimum of 5 years. The recurrence
      and survival rates of these patients are strikingly different in the low-risk
      group (men 40 years of age and under and women 50 years and under) compared with
      the high-risk group (all older patients). Only two patients died and eight others
      had recurrences but survived in 192 low-risk patients, whereas 18 died and 23 had
      recurrences in 117 high-risk patients. Thus 20% of patients with recurrence in
      the low-risk group died but 78% of patients with recurrence in the high-risk
      group died. Follicular carcinoma and major capsular invasion carries a poor
      prognosis, but only 22% of low-risk in contrast to 55% of high-risk patients
      died. The fact that low- and high-risk patients have a separate biology is
      emphasized by unique sex ratio differences. Low-risk patients have a constant
      male to female ratio of about 5:1, whereas high-risk patients have progressively
      increased from 1:3 to a male predominance during the past 5 decades. This study
      showing unique differences in results by age reemphasizes the concept of basic
      risk groups in differentiated thyroid cancer. The effect of this basic risk
      group, as in our previous report, supercedes the effect of pathologic type,
      extent of local disease, or aspects of therapy and exerts principal control over
      biologic behavior.

PMID- 4071393
TI  - Management implications from routine needle biopsy of hyperfunctioning thyroid
      nodules.
AB  - To evaluate the diagnostic and treatment consequences of using a routine needle
      biopsy procedure on all thyroid nodules without a radioisotopic scintigraphic
      study, 12 patients with documented hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules were
      retrospectively evaluated regarding the physical and cytologic observations
      obtained after a fine-needle (22 to 27-gauge) aspiration biopsy (FNB) procedure.
      Among the seven solid lesions, features of marked cellularity and nuclear
      pleomorphism were present in three and moderate sheets of epithelium in four
      raising the suspicion of underlying malignancy, while five mixed (cystic and
      solid) lesions were larger than 3 cm, hemorrhagic, and recurrent, with two having
      detectable sheets of epithelium. Evidence for concomitant lymphocytic thyroiditis
      was seen in five of 12 (42%) patients, and nine had positive serum antithyroid
      antibody titers as well. In conclusion, total reliance on FNB without
      scintigraphy could lead to operations on hyperfunctioning thyroid adenomas for
      suspected malignancy, of whom the vast majority would be benign, and could expose
      some unprepared patients with thyrotoxicosis to surgical morbidity. Routine
      thyroid hormone suppression therapy for apparently benign inflammatory or cystic
      degenerative lesions could also induce hyperthyroidism in patients with
      hyperfunctional or autonomous (nonsuppressible) nodules. When using an initial
      FNB approach, the need for thyroid function studies and scintigraphy before
      undertaking surgery or thyroid hormone feeding, as well as the consequences of
      omitting such studies, should be considered.

PMID- 4071394
TI  - Incidence of cancer in surgically treated thyroid nodules based on method of
      selection.
AB  - A retrospective review of thyroidectomies to rule out cancer at Columbia
      Presbyterian Medical Center indicated that the maximum cancer incidence
      achievable in surgical specimens was only 57% if all microfollicular adenomas and
      thyroid cancers were removed. The size distribution of follicular cancer and
      microfollicular adenoma was similar and it does not appear to be useful in
      deciding which microfollicular lesions need to be surgically excised to exclude
      carcinoma. The incidence of thyroid cancer in patients undergoing thyroidectomy
      was not influenced by the introduction of fine-needle biopsy (FNB) at Columbia
      Presbyterian Medical Center. FNB did appear to increase the incidence of cancer
      at an affiliated community hospital. Coarse-needle biopsy definitely improved the
      incidence of cancer in patients undergoing thyroidectomy and was superior to FNB
      and clinical selection alone. A combination of FNB and coarse-needle biopsy when
      possible yielded a 41% incidence of cancer and appears to be the most useful
      technique for patient selection.

PMID- 4071395
TI  - Autotransplantation of adrenal cortical tissue: a rodent model.
AB  - Autotransplantation of human adrenal tissue has been attempted often, but results
      have been difficult to evaluate and success has been infrequent. Factors that may
      affect success include: volume of transplanted tissue, recipient site, inclusion
      of cortical capsule with the autograft, systemic or local growth factors, and the
      timing of evaluation. We have evaluated a model of autotransplantation in rats
      that will permit examination of these factors. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were
      assigned to (1) bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX), (2) bilateral adrenalectomy with
      immediate autotransplantation to a flank muscle pocket of one third of a single
      adrenal gland with its capsule attached (TX), or (3) sham operation. Animals were
      provided with 0.9% saline solution ad lib. At 2, 4, 6, and 12 weeks after surgery
      animals were stressed by brief exposure to ether and 15 minutes later had blood
      collected for determination of corticosterone concentration (C). ADX animals
      consistently weighed less than either TX or sham-operated animals; weights of
      sham-operated and TX animals were similar. Sham-operated animals uniformly had C
      levels higher than ADX or TX animals. At 2 and 4 weeks after surgery, C was
      similar in ADX and TX; but at 6 and 12 weeks, TX animals had higher values than
      had ADX animals. With this model, graft function can be demonstrated at 2 weeks
      by comparing body weight and at 6 weeks by comparing postether levels of C in TX
      animals to ADX animals. ADX animals can be maintained without steroid replacement
      on a regular diet with 0.9% saline solution ad lib. This model will permit
      examination of technical and physiologic influences on transplant success with
      both fresh and cryopreserved tissue and may lend itself to radionuclide or
      nuclear magnetic resonance assessment of graft function.

PMID- 4071396
TI  - [Content of basic lipid classes in the blood plasma of patients with the renal
      hypertensive syndrome].
AB  - The main classes of serum lipids (fatty acids, phospholipids, triglycerides,
      cholesterol) were studied and compared in 36 patients aged 20 to 41 years with
      the renal hypertensive syndrome of different etiology, in 25 patients aged 30 to
      51 years with essential hypertension, and in 20 practically healthy subjects aged
      20 to 42 years. The mechanism of changes in the content of serum lipids in
      different diseases associated with the hypertensive renal syndrome and in
      patients with essential hypertension allows an assumption that these changes are
      linked to a large degree with arterial hypertension.

PMID- 4071397
TI  - [Calciuretic function of the kidneys in chronic cardiac insufficiency].
AB  - Excretion of calcium (Eca) with the kidneys decreases parallel with progress of
      chronic heart insufficiency (CHI). In stage III CHI, the daily Eca constitutes
      25.4% on the average of normal. The reduction in calciuresis is about to an equal
      extent determined by hemodynamic disorders, drop of glomerular filtration, and
      increase of tubular calcium reabsorption. Inhibition of tubular calcium
      reabsorption is the decisive factor that determines the degree of the calciuretic
      response after oral intake of calcium lactate. Insufficient inhibition of tubular
      calcium transport, as compared to controls, accounts for a decrease in the
      calciuretic response to the intake of calcium lactate in patients with CHI. It is
      assumed that the increased tubular calcium reabsorption is caused by the action
      of some extrarenal regulatory factors that reduce the ability of CHI patients to
      resist external excess calcium supply.

PMID- 4071398
TI  - [Clinical characteristics, course and diagnosis of chronic progressive liver
      diseases in patients with a history of acute viral hepatitis].
AB  - Based on examination of 144 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and
      liver cirrhosis (LC) with a history of acute virus hepatitis (AVH) it was
      established that chronic progressive liver injuries of virus etiology with and
      without HB-antigenemia are characterized by the diversity of the clinico
      laboratory findings determined by the involvement, in addition to the liver, of
      many organs and systems. The following variants of chronic AVH were recognized:
      (1) early development of chronic progressive liver injury due to AVH (40.4% of
      cases); (2) late occurrence of chronic progressive liver injury after a latent
      period of varying duration, namely up to 21-30 years and more (59% of cases).
      Late recognition of CAH and LC in patients with a history of AVH was caused, on
      the one hand, by a high rate of chronic progressive liver injuries after a long
      term period, and on the other hand, by erroneous evaluation of extrahepatic
      lesions, which were the first symptoms of a chronic condition in many patients.
      Hepatitis virus B markers were detected in the blood serum of 44.5% of patients
      with CAH and LC with a history of AVH, mostly in men (55.3%) versus women
      (34.9%). In view of the difficulties of verifying liver injuries of virus
      etiology based on the laboratory research methods alone, one should be guided by
      a clinico-epidemiological approach to a study of CAH and LC etiology.

PMID- 4071399
TI  - [Fever masks of malignant tumors].
AB  - During 5 years, the authors followed up 129 patients referred to the clinic with
      a diagnosis of fever of unclear genesis. In 36.4% of cases, fever masked
      malignant neoplasms. Hyperthermia was ahead of the emergence of the symptoms of a
      tumor (maximally up to 12 years), dominated or was the only symptom for a time
      being. However, in most cases it combined with other paraneoplastic masks
      (rheumatic, hematological, hepatological, etc), was resistant to the treatment
      and disappeared after radical treatment.

PMID- 4071400
TI  - [Prognosis and treatment of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in
      different age groups].
AB  - The paper is concerned with observation over 470 patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) admitted to the Institute of Rheumatology, Academy of Medical
      Sciences of the USSR, since December 1958 to December 1983. Women (453) with a
      disease onset at 10 to 55 years (355 had associated SLE and nephritis, 155
      presented with SLE without nephritis) accounted for the absolute majority of
      cases. Comparison of the disease clinical picture in 2 groups of patients, who
      had fallen ill at 14 to 24 years (278 subjects) and at 40 to 55 years (25
      subjects) revealed a graver clinical picture in the group of patients, who had
      fallen ill at a younger and (nephritis in 82% against 56% in the group of older
      patients) and a considerably less survival as compared to the group of older
      patients despite more intensive care including pulse-therapy with methyl
      prednisolone.

PMID- 4071401
TI  - [Pulmonary granulomatosis in chronic active hepatitis of viral origin (report of
      a case)].
AB  - The authors describe pulmonary granulomatosis in a male patient with chronic
      active hepatitis of viral etiology with persistence of hepatitis B virus in blood
      serum and liver tissue. The presence of active virus infection with proven
      hepatitis B virus replication, evidenced by demonstration of HBeAg and HBcAb in
      blood serum, suggests an importance of universal etiological factor in the
      development of liver and lung lesions in the given patient, which is confirmed
      indirectly by demonstration of HBsAg in the cells of lavage fluid.

PMID- 4071402
TI  - [Oncologic mask of alcoholic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 4071403
TI  - [Treatment of renal amyloidosis with chronic hemodialysis].

PMID- 4071404
TI  - [2 cases of acute glomerulonephritis with the nephrotic syndrome in elderly
      patients].

PMID- 4071405
TI  - [Partial recovery of kidney function in patients with chronic uremia during
      hemodialysis treatment].

PMID- 4071406
TI  - [Tubulointerstitial nephritis].

PMID- 4071407
TI  - [Acute interstitial nephritis].
AB  - The disease course and prognosis of work fitness were studied in 66 patients with
      acute interstitial nephritis (AIN). In 68 patients, the disease onset was
      preceded by antibiotic treatment. The main disease symptom consisted in
      creatininemia of varying degree, disappearing on the 5th-10th day of the
      disorder. Prognosis in AIN is favourable. The working capacity gets restored 2-4
      months after the disease onset.

PMID- 4071408
TI  - [Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (structure, pathogenesis, clinical picture
      and morphology)].
AB  - Based on the clinico-laboratory and intravital morphological examination of 104
      patients and the reported data the authors recognize 6 versions of chronic tubulo
      interstitial nephritis (TIN): idiopathic, drug-induced, dysplastic, dysmetabolic,
      secondary TIN associated with primary glomerulopathies and vasorenal
      hypertension, secondary TIN in the presence of a long-term ischemia. Discuss the
      features of each form, diagnostic criteria, a possible importance of TIN for the
      development of arterial hypertension. Emphasize the importance of recognizing TIN
      in patients with primary glomerulopathies to early specify the causes of the
      deterioration of the disease course. Discuss the problems of therapy.

PMID- 4071409
TI  - [Tubulointerstitial component of chronic glomerulonephritis. Clinico
      morphological comparisons].
AB  - A total of 179 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis were examined for the
      development of the tubulo-interstitial component (TIC) of the disease. It was
      established that the rate of the development and intensity of the TIC are linked
      with different morphological variants of GN and increase successively in
      mesangiomembranous, membranous, mesangioproliferative, mesangiocapillary (and
      lobular) GN, reaching a maximum in diffuse fibroplastic GN. In patients with no
      TIC, the hematuric and latent forms of CGN were mostly encountered. The disease
      took a stable course, with a frequent occurrence of improvements and remission.
      The 5-year survival was 100%. In patients with a moderate TIC, the nephrotic form
      of CGN was encountered more often than in other patients. As regards other
      characteristics, this form occupied an intermediate position, with the 5-year
      survival rate amounting to 91%. Patients with a pronounced TIC were marked by
      progressive CGN, which was largely observed in the hypertonic and mixed patterns
      of the disease. The three-year survival amounted to 34% in this case. The TIC of
      CGN is an important prognostic factor and the dissimilar course of different
      morphological variants of CGN is accounted, to a considerable degree, for by the
      dissimilar rate of TIC development.

PMID- 4071410
TI  - [Acute-onset nephritis in middle-aged and elderly patients].
AB  - Ten cases of the pronounced acute nephritic syndrome among patients aged 61 to 82
      years are analyzed. In 3 cases, which eventuated in lethal outcome, the diagnosis
      of nephritis was confirmed morphologically. The features of the course, clinical
      picture and differential diagnosis of acute nephritides in elderly and senile
      patients are discussed.

PMID- 4071411
TI  - [Hyperuricemic variant of latent glomerulonephritis].
AB  - The authors describe the data of a comparative clinicomorphological analysis made
      in 40 patients with associated latent nephritis and hyperuricemia and 43 patients
      suffering from latent nephritis without hyperuricemia. No substantial differences
      in the disease clinical picture or in the structure of the morphological variants
      of glomerulonephritis (GN) were found in the above groups of patients. A more
      detailed morphological study made it possible to reveal a higher incidence of
      tubulostromal-vascular changes in patients with hyperuricemia. It is assumed that
      excess uric acid is likely to play an etiological role in the development of
      latent GN. Emphasis is laid on the necessity of early diagnosis of purine
      metabolism disorders in patients with latent nephritis whose goal-oriented
      therapy may improve the characteristics of the uric acid syndrome and renal
      function.

PMID- 4071412
TI  - [Clinical picture and differential diagnosis of the nephrotic crisis].
AB  - The nephrotic crisis, a grave complication of the nephrotic syndrome (NS) with a
      possible progress to the hypovolemic shock, was observed in 62 (6.2%) out of 1000
      patients with the NS of different etiology (chronic glomerulonephritis, lupus
      nephritis, amyloidosis and other nephropathies). The main clinical symptoms of
      different stages of the nephrotic crisis are described, namely of the abdominal
      painful crisis, migrating erysipelas-like erythemas and the hypovolemic shock
      (collapse). The spectrum of diseases requiring the differential diagnosis with
      the nephrotic crisis is established. The complex of measures for the prophylaxis
      and treatment of the nephrotic crisis is proposed.

PMID- 4071413
TI  - [Morphogenesis and course of renal amyloidosis].
AB  - Based on an analysis of the clinicolaboratory findings and morphological
      examination of 93 patients with renal amyloidosis the proteinuric stage was
      diagnosed in 24, the nephrotic in 35, and the azotemic in 34 patients. Elevation
      of the arterial blood pressure was revealed in 40% of the patients. During the
      first year since proteinuria was diagnosed, the nephrotic syndrome developed in
      50% of the patients; renal failure in 75% of cases developed over 9 years. The 5
      year survival since proteinuria was diagnosed amounted to 72%, the 10-year
      survival to 34%. The 5-year survival among patients with the nephrotic syndrome
      constituted 49%, whereas the 10-year survival was attained only in single cases.
      One year after blood creatinine became elevated only 30% of the patients were
      still alive. As the disease progressed, there was a gradual increase in amyloid
      impregnation of the glomeruli alone, while amyloidosis of the tubules was most
      pronounced in the nephrotic stage. No complete correlation was found between the
      gravity of the morphological picture of glomerular involvement and blood
      creatinine level which is undoubtedly influenced by alterations in the
      exoglomerular structures.

PMID- 4071414
TI  - [Acute primary pyelonephritis or active phase of a latent form of chronic
      pyelonephritis?].
AB  - Analyzing the data of a comprehensive examination of 372 patients admitted to
      hospital with a distinct clinical picture of acute pyelonephritis, the author
      shows that out of these patients' population, 278 (74.8%) had an active form of
      chronic disease running a latent course. At the same time 40.4% of cases were
      diagnosed to have chronic renal failure (CRF), stages IB-IIB. To determine the
      genuine character of renal injury, the author thinks it necessary to regard the
      symptom-complex of acute pyelonephritis as a consequence of the pyelonephritic
      process itself. In complicated cases of the diagnosis, biopsy of the kidney
      concerned is required. In 176 patients the final diagnosis was established by
      uroradiological examination, in 59 by means of the use of laboratory methods, and
      in 137 by biopsy of the involved kidney. It is recommended that patients with
      renal pathology should be kept under prolonged dispensary observation,
      particularly those with an initial stage of CRF.

PMID- 4071415
TI  - [Paraneoplastic syndromes in bronchogenic carcinomas].
AB  - During 5 years the authors followed up 35 patients with bronchogenic carcinomas.
      Of these, 34.3% had diverse paraneoplastic manifestations. The paraneoplastic
      reactions determined by ectopic production of different hormones and other
      substances as well as so-called "masks" of the systemic diseases are reviewed. An
      attempt is made to specify the basic mechanisms of the pathogenesis of each
      paraneoplastic sign.

PMID- 4071416
TI  - [Clinico-morphological characteristics and working classification of kidney
      diseases in patients with systemic scleroderma].
AB  - Based on a study of 110 patients with systemic scleroderma (SSD) (74 had involved
      and 36 uninvolved kidneys) the authors provide the clinico-functional and
      morphological characteristics of renal lesions and the working classification of
      sclerodermic nephropathy (SN). The two basic variants of SN were recognized:
      acute and chronic. The latter one was subdivided into clinical, moderate and
      pronounced SN. A correlation was revealed between the functional (glomerular
      filtration lowering) and ultrastructural (reticulation of endotheliocytes and
      thickening of the basal membrane of the glomerular capillaries) signs evidencing
      derangement of the microcirculatory bed. Morphological examination of the kidneys
      disclosed alterations that mirror the complex pathogenesis of SSD: derangement of
      the microcirculatory bed, immunopathological disorders, activation of connective
      tissue components.

PMID- 4071417
TI  - [Malignant renal arterial hypertension syndrome (clinical picture and
      treatment)].

PMID- 4071418
TI  - [Further study of the indications for combination cytostatic-anticoagulant
      antiaggregation-corticosteroid therapy of chronic glomerulonephritis].
AB  - One hundred and twenty-five patients with different morphoclinical variants of
      chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) were examined for the efficacy of cytostatic
      anticoagulant-antiaggregation (CAA) therapy. The treatment appeared successful in
      47 (37%) of patients. The efficacy largely depended on the degree and intensity
      of the disease clinical manifestations as well as on a dramatic increase in the
      permeability of the glomerular filter for medium- and high-molecular serum
      proteins and on superimposition of sclerotic transformation of renal glomeruli.
      The use of CAA therapy was most successful in GN whatever superimposition of
      fibroplastic transformation. The treatment was abortive in prolonged (more than
      12 months) persistence of pronounced proteinuria combined with hematuria and/or
      arterial hypertension, in the nephrotic-hypertonic pattern of GN irrespective of
      the disease stage, in disease patterns manifesting themselves chiefly by
      hematuria and negligible proteinuria.

PMID- 4071419
TI  - [Treatment of membranous glomerulonephritis].
AB  - Forty-two patients with membranous glomerulonephritis were treated. Complete
      regression of the disease and nephrotic syndrome was attained in 46.3%, partial
      in 27.3% of all the cases of disease exacerbations. The importance of the
      individualized choice of the most efficacious drug therapy and promising results
      of the many-month treatment to raise the time of an ensuing remission are shown.

PMID- 4071420
TI  - [Hypotensive and diuretic effect of heparin in patients with glomerulonephritis].
AB  - The hypotensive and diuretic properties of heparin were evaluated in 95 patients
      with different clinical and morphological varieties of chronic glomerulonephritis
      (CGN). The arterial blood pressure dropped in all the patients treated with
      heparin. The maximal effect was attained toward the end of heparin treatment (by
      the 35th-50th day). In patients with hypertonic and mixed nephritis associated
      with renal failure, (the glomerular filtration rate under 35 ml/min), the BP
      lowering induced by heparin was accompanied by the deterioration of renal
      function. The diuretic and natriuretic effects were recorded in 81 out of the 95
      patients. The maximal values of diuresis and sodium excretion were detected on
      the 14th-16th day of the treatment during the use of the maximal doses of
      heparin. It was established that heparin-induced inhibition of aldosterone
      synthesis plays the key role in the genesis of the diuretic, natriuretic and
      hypotensive action of the drug. It is concluded that diuretic and hypotensive
      properties of heparin can be made use of in the treatment of nephrological
      patients.

PMID- 4071421
TI  - [Peritoneal dialysis in chronic renal insufficiency].
AB  - The author reviews a possibility of the use of peritoneal dialysis in the
      treatment of patients with chronic renal failure. Demonstrates that this
      procedure compares very favourably with chronic hemodialysis (less economic
      losses, simplicity, no burden of the heart). Recommends the performance of the
      automatized procedure 3 to 5 times a week, with each session lasting 10 to 12 h.

PMID- 4071422
TI  - [Morphometric characteristics of thrombocytes in renal amyloidosis].
AB  - Forty-three patients with primary, secondary and hereditary amyloidosis at
      different stages of renal lesions (proteinuric, nephrotic, chronic renal failure)
      were examined for the count and size of peripheral blood platelets. All the
      patients manifested a diminution of the mean diameter of platelets caused by
      predominance in the circulation of their minor forms. In half of the cases these
      alterations combined with thrombocytosis. A direct non-linear relationship was
      revealed between the size of platelets and their count in patients with primary
      and secondary amyloidosis. The possibility of primordial functional deficiency of
      platelets in patients with amyloidosis is discussed.

PMID- 4071423
TI  - [Role of arthroscopy in the diagnosis of chronic monoarthritis of the knee
      joint].
AB  - The author analyzes the arthroscopy findings of 70 knee joints in 68 patients (35
      men and 33 women) suffering from chronic monoarthritis of the knee joints with a
      disease standing from 3 months to 12 years. According to the x-ray data the
      overwhelming majority of the joints (54) showed stage 0-1, 15 stage II and 1
      stage III of the pathological process. In accordance with the preliminary
      diagnoses 32 patients had synovitis of unclear genesis, 4 rheumatoid arthritis, 3
      gonarthrosis deformans, 2 psoriatic arthritis, 5 patients were afflicted with
      Bechterew's disease, 1 with chondromatosis, and in 21 patients the diagnosis was
      doubtful. Arthroscopy promoted considerable improvement of the diagnosis, since
      rheumatoid arthritis including juvenile one was recognized in 12 patients,
      psoriatic arthritis in 8, reactive synovitis due to gonarthrosis in 16,
      Bechterew's disease in 12, Reiter's disease in 2, chondromatosis in 4, and
      pigmented villous-nodular synovitis in 3. The arthroscopic appearance of the
      disease remained unclear in 7 patients. Therefore, arthroscopy proved a highly
      effectual method that permits one to differentiate between reactive synovitis and
      genuine inflammatory diseases and to differentiate with a great probability
      between rheumatoid synovitis, psoriatic arthropathy and Bechterew's disease.

PMID- 4071424
TI  - [Various clinical and instrumental parallels in the condition of the lungs and
      heart in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].
AB  - Comparative clinical and instrumental examination of 33 patients with
      seronegative and 67 patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has
      revealed that patients with seropositive RA often manifest the functional and
      roentgenomorphological signs of lung damage. Pulmonary lesions related
      pathogenetically to RA were encountered equally often in patients of both groups,
      whereas those caused by concomitant chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases were
      more characteristic of patients with seropositive RA apparently because of a more
      powerful suppression of immunity. In addition, in spite of the fact that the
      latter patients did not make any complaints on the part of the heart, they did
      manifest abnormalities of the phase structure of the cardiac cycle and central
      hemodynamics.

PMID- 4071425
TI  - [Use of high doses of glucocorticoids in patients with rheumatic diseases].
AB  - Short-term application of high doses of glucocorticoids removes the acuity of the
      generalized patterns of systemic rheumatic diseases. This is documented by the
      reported data and analysis of the authors' own 15 observations. The dose of
      glucocorticoids, duration of their application and administration routes are
      determined by the degree of the pathological process activity and by the organs
      concerned (kidneys, central nervous system). If the effect attained is doubtful,
      repeated courses of intensive treatment with glucocorticoids are indicated in
      some cases.

PMID- 4071426
TI  - [Antioxidant systems of erythrocytes in rheumatism].
AB  - Patients with inactive and active rheumatic fever were examined for the intensity
      of lipid peroxidation of red blood cell membranes, lipid antioxidant system of
      tocopherol, non-lipid system of glutathione and related total activity of the
      pentosophosphate pathway of carbohydrate metabolism in red blood cells. It was
      established that activation of rheumatic process is accompanied by a increase in
      the content of diene conjugates in lipids of red blood cell membranes, a
      reduction of the tocopherol content in blood plasma, activation of glutathione
      reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase with the lowering of the total
      activity of the pentose cycle in red blood cells. The characteristics under study
      depended to a lesser degree on circulation insufficiency. The interrelationship
      between the shifts revealed is discussed, the mechanism by which they develop is
      suggested.

PMID- 4071427
TI  - [Status of central hemodynamics in persons with a history of diagnosed primary
      rheumocarditis in childhood].
AB  - Ninety-eight subjects with a diagnosis of primary rheumocarditis made at a
      pediatric clinic in childhood were examined for the central hemodynamics by
      tetrapolar chest rheography. Based on a clinical and instrumental study rheumatic
      heart disease was diagnosed in 3 subjects; in 37 subjects, no heart pathology was
      recognized; myocarditic cardiosclerosis was diagnosed in 22, obesity in 20, and
      neurocirculatory dystonia of the cardial type in 16 subjects. The data obtained
      point to the overdiagnosis of rheumatic fever.

PMID- 4071428
TI  - [Acute form of Tietze's osteochondral syndrome with concomitant reactive
      pleuropneumonitis].

PMID- 4071429
TI  - [Problems of rheumatoid heart defects].
AB  - Of 160 patients with RA treated at the clinic recently, heart disease was
      diagnosed in 4. In 2 patients, mitral disease was recognized as rheumatic, in one
      patient, aortal disease was treated with a great probability as rheumatoid. In 4
      patients, rheumatoid etiology of the disease was advanced and then was confirmed
      at autopsy. It is assumed that rheumatoid heart disease occurs more frequently
      than diagnosed.

PMID- 4071430
TI  - [Paraneoplastic reaction of the rheumatoid arthritis and allergic syndrome types
      in tumors].

PMID- 4071431
TI  - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of long-term dispensary observation and
      treatment of patients with osteoarthrosis deformans].
AB  - During 1979-1984, 240 outpatients aged 30 to 65 years suffering from primary
      osteoarthrosis deformans with primary involvement of the knee joints were
      followed up. One of the dispensary groups consisted of 180 patients with
      osteoarthrosis deformans without synovitis, the other one of 60 patients with
      associated osteoarthrosis and synovitis. Prolonged follow up and repeated
      multiple modality treatment inhibited the progression of the pathological
      process, reduced the clinical and functional disease manifestations permitting
      the patients' work fitness to be preserved.

PMID- 4071432
TI  - [Active pathogenetic therapy of systemic rheumatic diseases].

PMID- 4071433
TI  - [Effect of glucocorticosteroid and cytotoxic therapy on the natural cytotoxicity
      in rheumatic diseases].

PMID- 4071434
TI  - [Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of laser therapy in patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis].
AB  - The clinical and laboratory findings were examined of 10 patients with
      seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with a first applied technique of
      intravenous irradiation of the circulating blood with helium-neon laser combined
      with external irradiation of the inflamed joints. A distinct antiinflammatory and
      immunosuppressant effect was attained in all the RA patients. In 80% of the test
      subjects, the rheumatoid blood factor reduced to 1:20 titres. The treatment
      method did not cause any side effects or complications and shortened the time of
      the patients' stay at hospital.

PMID- 4071435
TI  - [Circulating immune complexes, immunoglobulins and phagocytic activity of
      neutrophils in the evaluation of the activity and effectiveness of treatment of
      systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 4071436
TI  - [Reflexotherapy in the complex treatment of Bechterew's disease].

PMID- 4071437
TI  - [Dispensarization of patients with podagra and renal lesions].
AB  - Altogether 100 patients with associated podagra and renal injury were examined
      and treated. Before the first admission to the clinic only 5% of the patients had
      received combined therapy of renal pathology on a regular basis, 33% of the
      patients had been given pathogenetic but not systematic therapy. 66% of the
      patients had not responded to the treatment, whereas 38% manifested a decrease in
      renal function. Sixty patients were followed up for the results of further
      dispensary observation during 1.5 to 5 years. These patients were distributed
      into 2 groups. The first one comprised 26 patients who adhered strictly to the
      physicians' recommendations, the second group consisted of patients who received
      treatment irregularly. The clinicolaboratory improvement was attained in almost
      3/4 of the first group patients and in less than 1/4 of the second group
      patients. The best effect was attained in the treatment of the urolithiasis
      pattern of nephropathy, whereas the less marked in chronic interstitial
      nephritis. The worst results were attained in patients with glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 4071438
TI  - [Dynamics of the work capacity of patients with variants of systemic lupus
      erythematosus, determined by the Expert Commission on Occupational Medicine].

PMID- 4071439
TI  - [State of microcirculation and the system of hemostasis in Sjogren's disease,
      Sjogren's syndrome and chronic parenchymatous parotitis].
AB  - Microcirculation and hemocoagulation were examined in 88 patients with Sjogren's
      disease and Sjogren's syndrome (SD and SS) in 20 patients with chronic
      parenchymatous parotitis (CPP) without a "dry syndrome", and in 20 healthy donors
      by conjunctival angioscopy, capillaroscopy of the nail matrix, and histological
      study of the salivary glands. Hemostasis was explored with the use of 37 tests.
      SD and SS patients manifested significantly more pronounced microcirculatory
      disorders versus donors (P less than 0.001) and CPP patients (P less than 0.001).
      In patients with hypergammaglobulinemic purpura, microcirculatory disorders were
      found to be enhanced (P less than 0.05). An indirect relationship between these
      disorders and the degree of lacrimation lowering was established. Intravascular
      disturbances increased as the process activity rose and diminished under the
      effect of prednisolone therapy. It is assumed that microcirculatory and
      hemocoagulation disorders play an important role in the pathogenesis of SD and
      SS.

PMID- 4071440
TI  - [Clinico-morphological comparisons in variants of rheumatoid arthritis (based on
      the data of puncture biopsy of synovial membrane)].
AB  - Altogether 564 successive puncture biopsies withdrawn from patients with
      different versions of RA were subjected to morphological study with the aid of a
      statistical analysis of the intensity of 25 signs of synovitis evaluated
      according to the 5-score system. The differences in the structure of synovitis
      were recognized: predominance of the signs of the humoral immunity (particularly
      plasma cell infiltration) in patients with a mild (with a favourable evolution)
      version of RA and predominance of the signs of the cell-mediated immunity
      (macrophagal and T-lymphocyte infiltration, cytolysis, proliferation and
      mesenchymal transformation of fibroblasts) in a grave (incurable, invalidism
      producing) version. The disease of medium gravity (running a progressive course
      but relatively eliminated by therapy) was characterized by the combination of and
      undulatory time course of the signs indicated. The greatest involution of the
      majority of the synovitis signs as influenced by the treatment was observed in a
      mild, whereas the least in the grave version of RA. It is suggested that local
      antibody genesis may play a protective role in RA.

PMID- 4071441
TI  - Treatment of spider bites with silver-impregnated porcine xenografts.

PMID- 4071442
TI  - Malignant hyperthermia: successful management of a probable case.

PMID- 4071443
TI  - The use of sample genealogies for studying a selectively neutral m-loci model
      with recombination.
AB  - A selectively neutral m-loci model with recombination is studied. A general
      method is developed to calculate the variance of the number of segregating sites
      in samples of arbitrary size and the m-loci homozygosity. The method is based on
      properties of the genealogy of the sample rather than diffusion approximations.
      To demonstrate the scope of the method several calculations are presented.

PMID- 4071444
TI  - [Confidential medical service of a health insurance].

PMID- 4071445
TI  - [General physician and military insurance].

PMID- 4071446
TI  - [Medical prevention of occupational diseases in Switzerland].

PMID- 4071447
TI  - [The occupational physician as a practitioner in occupational health].

PMID- 4071448
TI  - [General practitioner and occupational lung diseases].

PMID- 4071449
TI  - [Hepatitis B vaccination in a large chemical plant].

PMID- 4071450
TI  - [Driving fitness of patients under ambulatory care. Various aspects of traffic
      medicine from the general practitioner's viewpoint].

PMID- 4071451
TI  - [Evaluation of driving ability in drug users].

PMID- 4071452
TI  - [Loss of consciousness of unclear origin at the wheel].

PMID- 4071453
TI  - [Prevention of injuries in car occupants, pedestrians and bicyclists].

PMID- 4071454
TI  - Provision of long term oxygen therapy.

PMID- 4071455
TI  - Evaluation of six oxygen concentrators.
AB  - Examples of six oxygen concentrators (DeVO2, Dom 10, Econo 2, Hudson, Permox, and
      Roomate) were evaluated over a 9-28 day period to determine (1) the oxygen yield
      (% O2) over the flow range 1-4 l min-1; (2) 90% oxygen rise time (90% RT) from a
      cold start when they were operated at 2 l min-1; (3) accuracy and readability of
      the flow device; (4) static outlet pressure; (5) major components comprising the
      product gas (Hudson only); and (6) general characteristics. At an outlet flow of
      2 l min-1 the mean % O2 generated by all models, except the Permox (which was
      lower, mean (SD) 90.5% (3.1%), were between 94% and 95% with a range of less than
      +/- 0.5%. The Dom 10, Econo 2, and Hudson consistently generated higher oxygen
      concentrations than the other models at flow rates greater than 2 l min-1. The
      90% RT was less than 10.5 minutes for all models. Deviations of up to 22% were
      observed between predicted and measured flow rates in all models except the
      DeVO2, Hudson, and Permox. It was possible to set the orifice type flow devices
      fitted to the Permox and Roomate between indicated flow settings, resulting in
      cessation of flow. Spectral analysis of the output of one device showed that
      argon and oxygen were concentrated to similar extents, indicating that the
      maximal attainable oxygen yield for a molecular sieve concentrator is about 96%.

PMID- 4071456
TI  - Technical and clinical assessment of oxygen concentrators.
AB  - One membrane oxygen enricher (Oxygen Enrichment Company OE-4E) and four molecular
      sieve (MS) concentrators (Mountain Medical Econo2, De Vilbiss MINI DeVO2,
      Cryogenic Roomate III, and Mountain Medical Mini O2) have been studied to assess
      technical and clinical performance. During four weeks of continuous operation at
      a flow rate of 2 l min-1 (6 l min-1 for OE-4E) consistent oxygen levels were
      delivered by all machines (mean greater than 93% for MS concentrators, 36.5% for
      OE-4E). At flow rates of up to 21 mm-1 all four MS machines delivered oxygen
      concentrations greater than 92%, but at 3 l min-1 (Econo2 89.6%, MINI DeVO2
      93.9%, Roomate III 92.0%, Mini O2 85.0%) and at 4 l min-1 (Econo2 78.0%, Mini
      DeVO2 84.7%, Roomate III 83.3%, Mini O2 69.1%) the two newer machines gave higher
      oxygen concentrations. In 20 hypoxic patients the mean oxygen saturation levels
      achieved when they were breathing oxygen from the MS concentrators at a flow rate
      of 2 l min-1 were similar (Econo2 92.6%, MINI DeVO2 92.5%, Roomate II 92.6%), but
      the level achieved when they were breathing from the OE-4E, at the equivalent
      flow rate of 6 l min-1, was lower (91.0%, p less than 0.005). The performance of
      concentrators in service (Econo2, MINI DeVO2, Mini O2) was satisfactory when
      judged by patients' oxygen saturation levels and delivered oxygen concentrations.
      The OE-4E may be indicated for a small number of patients who require oxygen with
      high humidification. The four MS concentrators studied are all suitable for
      domiciliary use, but the MINI DeVO2 and Roomate III have advantages in terms of
      better performance at high flow rates and reduced size and weight.

PMID- 4071457
TI  - An oxygen conserving nasal cannula.
AB  - Oxygen administration via a nasal cannula incorporating a small collapsible
      reservoir (Oxymizer, Chad Therapeutics Inc, California) was compared with
      delivery via a standard nasal cannula. Twelve patients with chronic, stable
      hypoxaemia (arterial oxygen tension less than 60 mm Hg (8.0 kPa)) were studied.
      Transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions were recorded by skin
      electrodes and oxygen saturation by ear oximetry. Baseline measurements during
      the breathing of air were compared with those made during the breathing of oxygen
      at flow rates of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 l/min via each device. Increases in saturation
      and transcutaneous oxygen tension were significantly greater at each flow rate
      with the reservoir device than with the conventional cannula. To produce similar
      improvements in oxygenation the reservoir device required an oxygen flow rate
      about half that of the conventional cannula. Use of the reservoir device may
      reduce the inconvenience and perhaps the cost of supplying domiciliary oxygen,
      and prolong the time during which patients may rely on a portable cylinder.

PMID- 4071458
TI  - Clinical assessment of oxygen conserving devices in chronic bronchitis and
      emphysema.
AB  - We have studied the efficacy of three devices designed to conserve oxygen
      delivered to patients with hypoxic chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Devices A
      and B are valve systems, which deliver oxygen only during inspiration. Device C
      is a modified nasal prongs system incorporating a "moustache reservoir"
      (Oxymizer, Chad Therapeutics Inc, Woodland Hills, California), which is claimed
      to produce a higher arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) from a given flow of oxygen
      than does continuous delivery through nasal prongs. Devices A and B were found to
      give the same oxygen saturation as continuous flow oxygen, but only device B
      reduced the flow of oxygen significantly (p less than 0.01). The flow
      characteristics of device A were likely to be the cause of this failure to
      conserve oxygen. Device C produced a higher mean rise in SaO2 than did standard
      nasal prongs at all oxygen flow rates, and was able to achieve the same rise in
      SaO2 as standard nasal prongs with a small (25-33%) saving in oxygen delivery.
      There was, however, considerable variation between patients in the oxygen saving
      efficiency of device C, with little or no oxygen saving in seven of the 12
      patients studied.

PMID- 4071459
TI  - Evaluation of Biox IIA ear oximeter.
AB  - Arterial blood gas tensions, pH, and carboxyhaemoglobin were measured on 322
      occasions in 165 patients and the actual oxygen saturation of the haemoglobin
      (Sao2) was compared with the ear oxygen saturation (SEO2) recorded during the
      arterial sampling with a Biox IIA ear oximeter. The overall agreement between
      SEO2 and Sao2 was good, with a mean difference in saturation (SEO2-Sao2) of +
      1.5% (SD 3.0). The difference in saturation remained similar at all levels of
      arterial saturation observed and was unaffected by carboxyhaemoglobin
      concentration. On four occasions (1% of readings), however, SEO2 and Sao2
      differed by more than 10% and such occasional errors might be misleading in
      clinical practice.

PMID- 4071460
TI  - "Invalidity" due to chronic bronchitis and emphysema: how real is it?
AB  - Hospital discharges and deaths attributed to chronic bronchitis and emphysema
      have fallen in recent years while the number of those receiving invalidity
      benefit for these conditions has remained constant. One hundred and fifty seven
      such persons were invited to take part in this study, in which the diagnosis,
      degree of respiratory impairment, and other factors contributing to disability
      were reviewed. The scope for rehabilitation was considered. One hundred subjects
      agreed to take part; 96 were men and 70 were over 60 years. In only 67 was the
      main diagnosis chronic bronchitis and emphysema. There was a bimodal distribution
      of functional impairment, most being severely disabled, but in 20 the FEV1 was
      within the normal range. Among these asthma was more common and psychological
      factors were important. Economic factors contributed to "invalidity," especially
      among those with a normal FEV1. For 32 of the 57 who had declined to take part
      some information was available from hospital records. The findings in this group
      were similar. There was little scope for rehabilitation in the group as a whole
      as motivation was poor. Less than half had ever seen a chest physician.
      Specialist assessment before invalidity benefit is claimed is probably desirable.

PMID- 4071461
TI  - Occupational asthma due to methyl methacrylate and cyanoacrylates.
AB  - Five patients had asthma provoked by cyanoacrylates and one by methyl
      methacrylate, possibly because of the development of a specific hypersensitivity
      response. Acrylates have wide domestic as well as industrial uses, and inhalation
      of vapour emitted during their use can cause asthma.

PMID- 4071462
TI  - Intra-aortic balloon pumping: seven years' experience.
AB  - The indications for intra-aortic balloon pumping vary widely from country to
      country and from one cardiac surgical unit to another. Its use in Glasgow from
      1976 to 1983 in 63 patients has been reviewed. Six of the patients (9.5%) had the
      intra-aortic balloon inserted before cardiac surgery, 43 (68.2%) at the time of
      surgery, and 14 (22.2%) in the postoperative period. Of the 63 patients, 11 could
      not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass despite intra-aortic balloon pumping,
      and died in the operating room. A further 35 patients had intra-aortic balloon
      pumping but died in the immediate postoperative period. Seventeen patients (27%)
      survived from six weeks to 3.3 years after receiving the support of intra-aortic
      balloon pumping. There was major morbidity in 11 patients (17%), all of whom
      developed degrees of ischaemia due to ileofemoral arterial obstruction in the leg
      in which the balloon was inserted. The conservative use of the method in this
      centre is reflected in the high mortality of these patients.

PMID- 4071463
TI  - Primary sternal osteomyelitis.

PMID- 4071464
TI  - Evaluation of right ventricular function during right ventricular bypass.

PMID- 4071465
TI  - Role of automatic staplers in the aetiology of bronchopleural fistula.

PMID- 4071466
TI  - Role of airway receptors in the breathing pattern of patients with chronic
      obstructive lung disease.

PMID- 4071467
TI  - Abstracts. Xth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. July 15-19,
      1985.

PMID- 4071469
TI  - Effects of pH on the conformation and activation of plasminogen.
AB  - Glu-plasminogen (plg) or Lys-plg solution was kept at pH 2.0 for various time
      intervals, and then readjusted to pH 7.0. The activation rate and conformational
      changes of such acid-treated plg were measured using the hydrolysis of S-2251,
      spectrofluorometry and spectropolarimetry (circular dichroism). The activation
      rate of acid-treated Glu-plg increased after readjustment to pH 7.0. The increase
      was not reversible even after keeping acid-treated Glu-plg for 24 hrs at neutral
      pH. The activation rate of acid-treated Lys-plg rather decreased. The
      fluorescence intensity at 340 nm of acid-treated plg decreased, and the intensity
      of fluorescence induced by the interaction of plasminogen with ANS (1-anilino-8
      naphthalene sulfonate) increased after keeping plasminogen for longer than 24 hrs
      at pH 2.0. Circular dichroism spectra indicated that the secondary and tertiary
      structure of Glu-plg changed after acidification, and that only the tertiary
      structure of Lys-plg changed.

PMID- 4071468
TI  - Physiological studies on fibrin network structure.
AB  - Networks were developed in fibrinogen solution under pathophysiological
      conditions of clotting and their permeability and turbidity were measured. Mass
      Length ratio of fibrin fibres (a measure of fibre thickness) was derived from two
      independent methods based on turbidity (mu T) and permeability (mu P). Both mu T
      and mu P increased as thrombin concentration was decreased. Data are in agreement
      with the concept that the fibrin network develops initially as a mesh of
      protofibrils. Fibrin monomer generated subsequently is incorporated into the
      existing network making individual fibres thicker. Consequently, slow fibrin
      monomer generation promotes thicker fibres. When the concentration of thrombin or
      fibrinogen was altered systematically, mu T and mup were found to mirror each
      other except when the fibrinogen concentration was increased at low thrombin
      concentrations. This breakdown between the two derivations of mass-length ratio
      is discussed in terms of the two network model.

PMID- 4071470
TI  - Analysis of antithrombin III microheterogeneity by isoelectric focusing in
      polyacrylamide gels and immunoblotting.
AB  - Microheterogeneity of antithrombin III (ATIII) was examined in pooled normal
      human plasma and serum by IEF/PA and immunoblotting techniques. A pattern
      consisting of 8 bands varying in isoelectric point from 4.7 to 5.2 was observed
      in citrated plasma following IEF in a pH range of 4-6. A similar pattern was
      observed in all 149 healthy adults examined. The reactivity of ATIII with heparin
      or, thrombin was investigated using this technique. Characteristic shifts of the
      banding pattern to the anode or, cathode respectively were observed.

PMID- 4071471
TI  - Effect of calcium dobesilate and its interaction with aspirin on thrombus
      formation in vivo.
AB  - The effect of calcium dobesilate (calcium dihydroxy-2,5 benzenesulphonate) on
      thrombus formation in vivo was evaluated. Experimental thrombi were induced in a
      venule of a hamster cheek pouch following iontophoresis of adenosine diphosphate
      (ADP). Calcium dobesilate administered intraperitoneally as a single injection
      inhibited thrombus formation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore,
      the combination of calcium dobesilate and aspirin resulted in the potentiation of
      the inhibition of thrombus formation.

PMID- 4071472
TI  - Potentiation of the activity of coagulation factor XI by human platelets.

PMID- 4071473
TI  - [An international language for general medical practice].

PMID- 4071474
TI  - [A journey through the strange world of medical taxonomy. A review and discussion
      of classification and registration systems useful in general practice].

PMID- 4071475
TI  - [Fatal drug and alcohol intoxications outside of the hospital].

PMID- 4071476
TI  - [Doctor-manned ambulance in Oslo].

PMID- 4071477
TI  - [Experiences with a physician-manned helicopter at the Central Hospital in
      Rogaland].

PMID- 4071478
TI  - [Thoughts about the dilemmas of psychiatry in the next decade. Increased needs-
      limited resources, reliability of treatment methods--scientific documentation,
      therapy--preventive measures].

PMID- 4071479
TI  - [Institutional treatment of borderline psychotic patients. What type of treatment
      environment is therapeutic for patients with borderline psychotic conditions?].

PMID- 4071480
TI  - [Patients treated at a psychiatric outpatient clinic. Variables predicting the
      effect of crisis intervention with a 3-5-year follow up].

PMID- 4071481
TI  - [Sleep and respiration].

PMID- 4071483
TI  - [Oxygen therapy outside of the hospital. Costly therapy with inadequate patient
      compliance].

PMID- 4071482
TI  - [Sleep-induced respiration disorders].

PMID- 4071484
TI  - [Non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The biological basis of modern classification].

PMID- 4071485
TI  - [Laser therapy of gastrointestinal diseases].

PMID- 4071486
TI  - [The rehabilitation centre Nord-Norges Kurbad].

PMID- 4071487
TI  - [Physical therapy. Utilization of physical therapy in a primary health service
      and frequency of hospital admissions].

PMID- 4071488
TI  - [Surgical treatment of lumbal disk herniation].

PMID- 4071489
TI  - [Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS].

PMID- 4071490
TI  - [Are the Norwegian nuclear medicine laboratories good enough? A report from a
      nationwide quality control survey of nuclear medicine instruments performed by
      the Norwegian Society for Nuclear Medicine and the National Institute for
      Radiation Protection].

PMID- 4071491
TI  - [Experiences with the travelling oncologist].

PMID- 4071492
TI  - [Colorectal cancer recurrence. Early diagnosis by determination of a
      carcinoembryonic antigen in the serum].

PMID- 4071493
TI  - [Diagnosis of pancreatic cancer].

PMID- 4071494
TI  - [Smoking and stomach ulcer].

PMID- 4071495
TI  - [Infusions in a cold environment].

PMID- 4071496
TI  - [Newly developed personal heater. Function and use].

PMID- 4071497
TI  - [Kawasaki syndrome. An important differential diagnosis in febrile children].

PMID- 4071498
TI  - [Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Is staging or prognostic grouping of chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia relevant to the choice of treatment?].

PMID- 4071499
TI  - [Psychotherapy and sexuality].

PMID- 4071500
TI  - [Unwanted childlessness. Psychological aspects].

PMID- 4071501
TI  - [Do patients get the right level of care? A study of patients and the stream of
      patients at the Red Cross emergency department in Oslo].

PMID- 4071502
TI  - [Why is not general practice used? A study of patients attending the Red Cross
      emergency department in Oslo who had not contacted their general practitioner].

PMID- 4071503
TI  - [Nutritional intake of hospitalized patients].

PMID- 4071504
TI  - [Colorectal cancer. Therapeutic consequences in recurrence].

PMID- 4071505
TI  - [Abdominal lipomatosis. Differential diagnosis in rapidly increasing abdominal
      girth].

PMID- 4071506
TI  - [Isoflurane--an anesthetic of the eighties?].

PMID- 4071507
TI  - [Complement system activation and biological functions].

PMID- 4071508
TI  - [Thrombosis caused by a central venous catheter].

PMID- 4071509
TI  - [Incest victims in a psychiatric outpatient clinic for adults].

PMID- 4071510
TI  - [Wife abuse and the public health service].

PMID- 4071511
TI  - [The health/self-care profile (HESP). A Norwegian version of The Sickness Impact
      Profile SIP].

PMID- 4071512
TI  - [The gastric mucosal barrier and the abomasal ulcer in veal calves].
AB  - Besides a review of the literature on the normal structure and function of the
      abomasum and abomasal ulcers in veal calves the present report contains the
      findings resulting from investigations on the pathogenesis of antral lesions.
      Histologically, the antral lesions consisted of focal acute superficial
      coagulation necrosis and erosions of the mucosa (18 cases), and subacute ulcers
      (5 cases). Histochemically, the pyloric mucosae of the normal abomasums were
      characterized by the presence of varying amounts of epithelial mucins. A similar
      variation in the distribution of mucins was present in the antral mucosae of the
      abnormal abomasums outside the areas showing antral lesions. The epithelium
      bordering on mucosal lesions was frequently completely depleted of mucins,
      whereas peripherally the mucin content of the epithelium showed gradual increase.
      The histological and histochemical findings suggest an adequate mucous barrier,
      which may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of abomasal ulcers in veal
      calves.

PMID- 4071513
TI  - [Tapeworms in the Netherlands].
AB  - Scientists have been discussing the nature of helminths, and particularly
      tapeworms, for ages. A synopsis of the ancient literature and literature of the
      Middle-Ages concerned with this subject is presented. Even today a number of
      remarkable stories about tapeworms is being told. One of them is that tapeworms
      do not occur in The Netherlands. The incidence of the tapeworm Taenia saginata in
      man in The Netherlands was carefully calculated from figures on cysterci observed
      in bovine carcases and estimates based on sales records of anthelmintics. It was
      concluded that tapeworms are relatively common (0,2-0,3%). The life cycle of
      Taenia saginata showed a remarkably constant pattern during the past twenty-five
      years.

PMID- 4071514
TI  - [Periodic uveitis in horses].
AB  - The aetiology, clinical symptoms and treatment of equine periodic ophthalmia are
      discussed. Particular attention is paid to the possible role in aetiology of
      Onchocerca cervicalis microfilariae. Corticosteroids and atropine are the most
      important therapeutic drugs.

PMID- 4071515
TI  - [Disorders in slaughtering animals. V. Endocarditis in slaughtering pigs, sows
      and cattle].
AB  - Bacteriological studies were done in 673 slaughtered animals (pigs, sows and
      cattle) in which post-mortem examination had revealed the presence of
      endocarditis. The studies were positive for the presence of bacteria in 453
      cases. Lesions were not observed on ante-mortem inspection in 386 cases.
      Isolation of Corynebacterium pyogenes was extremely common in cattle, whereas
      beta-haemolytic streptococci and Erysipelothrix insidiosa were very frequently
      isolated in slaughtered pigs.

PMID- 4071516
TI  - [Limitations of scientific study methods with reference to the welfare policy for
      agricultural domestic animals].

PMID- 4071517
TI  - [Decision of the Luxembourg Court of Justice with reference to the free
      establishment and reciprocal recognition of diplomas].

PMID- 4071519
TI  - [Monoclonal antibodies in agricultural and veterinary research].

PMID- 4071518
TI  - [Overdue payments (1)].

PMID- 4071520
TI  - [The use of monoclonal antibodies in veterinary research].
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies (MCAs) are important tools for current and future
      veterinary research. This is especially true for the study of and fight against
      infectious diseases. MCAs offer new perspectives for the study of the antigenic
      structure of micro-organisms and their components, as highly specific reagents
      for (differential) diagnostic tests and for the development of vaccines. In
      addition, MCAs are essential for the exploration of the immune system. Examples
      to illustrate applications in these areas are presented.

PMID- 4071521
TI  - [The use of monoclonal antibodies in animal production].
AB  - Diagnostics in animal production is an important field for application of
      monoclonal antibodies (MCAs). Representative examples are discussed. MCAs can
      also be used to influence physiological processes with regard to optimization of
      growth, reproduction, etc., although there are some limiting factors in this
      area. Finally MCAs may contribute to fundamental research directed toward
      application in agriculture.

PMID- 4071522
TI  - [The use of monoclonal antibodies in plant production].
AB  - Due to the high specificity of monoclonal antibodies (MCAs) the most important
      application of MCAs in the plant production may be diagnosis. Specific MCAs have
      been produced against plant pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi and
      nematodes and against plant substances. In general, however, MCAs are still less
      suitable than polyclonal antisera for application as diagnostic tools in plant
      extracts.

PMID- 4071523
TI  - [Possibilities and expectations of hybridoma technology: national and
      international response].
AB  - The application of monoclonal antibodies has become a great commercial success.
      It is interesting to know the factors that have contributed to this. A few years
      ago a case study was published--financed by the EEC--in which various factors
      were studied. This study is briefly discussed. The Dutch government has
      identified hybridoma technology as important for Dutch industry and is attempting
      to stimulate the research effort by making innovation funds in the area of
      biotechnology available. The various possibilities that have been created are
      discussed. Finally, attention is given to development in the area of computerized
      hybridoma data banks. Some conclusions and recommendations are given.

PMID- 4071524
TI  - [Overdue payments (2)].

PMID- 4071525
TI  - [Various cases of cysticercosis in sheep in the Netherlands].
AB  - During the period from January to March 1985, approximately ninety cases of
      Cysticercus ovis infection in sheep were observed in a slaughter-house in The
      Netherlands. Investigations into the cause of this infection showed that dogs
      kept by the owners of the slaughter-house, had in all likelihood been the source
      of contamination.

PMID- 4071526
TI  - Histocompatibility in Italian couples with recurrent spontaneous abortions of
      unknown origin and with normal fertility.
AB  - We investigated HLA antigen and haplotype frequencies in 47 couples with primary
      recurrent abortions of unknown origin, in 65 fertile couples, and in a control
      panel of 98 males and 92 females. A significant increase of HLA-B17 was found in
      abortion couples in comparison with fertile couples. No difference between
      abortion and control fertile couples was observed regarding HLA sharing.

PMID- 4071527
TI  - Frequency of naturally occurring H-2-specific antibodies in mouse sera monitored
      by "superreactive" rabbit complement.

PMID- 4071528
TI  - [Serious mistakes in hoof trimming of cattle by the layman].
AB  - Observations on the clinic showed a high frequency (round 20%) of toes in cattle,
      damaged by non-professional claw-trimming. Various types of mistakes are shown by
      examples and the severity of the subsequent diseases is emphasized. Increased
      instruction of qualified persons for the care of the claw could relief the
      problems.

PMID- 4071529
TI  - [Abscess in the heart septum of a cow. Necropsy findings].
AB  - There is a case-report of an abscess in the septum of the heart of a thirteen
      year-old cow in an advanced state of pregnancy.

PMID- 4071530
TI  - [Castration of roosters].
AB  - The castration of the cock is described from the topographic anatomical view. In
      contrast to previous authors a general narcosis is recommended, which is in
      accord with the relevant legislation for the prevention of cruelty to animals.

PMID- 4071531
TI  - [Why Dalmatians excrete uric acid. Causes and consequences of a classical
      metabolic disorder].
AB  - After introducing into developmental aspects of "Dalmatian dog research" uric
      acid excretion is explained on the basis of new results by the loss of a specific
      transport system in liver cell membranes. Therefore, uricase which is present in
      normal activities is supplied only to a limited extent with uric acid for the
      transformation into the easily soluble allantoin. As indicated by feeding
      experiments, the plasma urate level is increased from about 32 mumol/l (no purine
      intake) up to 150-200 mumol/l at very high levels of purine intake. Thus, the
      influence of nutrition on plasma urate level is extraordinary. The diseases urate
      urolithiasis and "bronze syndrome" associated with dalmatian urate metabolism are
      characterized in view of the typical pattern of the diseases and of the
      therapeutical and prophylactical measures to be taken.

PMID- 4071532
TI  - [Primary intraocular malignant melanomas in dogs and cats].
AB  - 22 primary intraocular malignant melanomas in the dog and 5 in the cat were
      classified histologically. Pigmented epithelioid cells and mixed cell type
      melanomas with high reticulin fiber content and areas of necrosis were associated
      with the highest mortality rate. Metastases were found in one case each in the
      dog and the cat. The average age at diagnosis was 8 years in the dog and 9 years
      in the cat. There was no indication that intraocular melanomas are more prevalent
      in certain breeds. In the dog the cases were equally distributed between the
      sexes, whereas in the cat males were overrepresented. The most frequent location
      for the tumor was the uvea anterior (ciliary body). Bilateral tumor expression
      was observed once in a dog. In all cases the clinical diagnosis, tumor induced
      secondary effects, differential diagnosis and catamnesis are given.

PMID- 4071533
TI  - [Case report of a special form of congenital femur defect, partial femoral
      aplasia in dogs].

PMID- 4071534
TI  - [Endangering of animal keepers by non-warmblooded domestic animals].
AB  - Among pets kept in private property there are not warmblooded animals like
      species of fish, insects, amphibians and reptiles that are able to hurt or poison
      man. It is reported about not warmblooded animals that could be harmful to their
      private keeper.

PMID- 4071535
TI  - [The Seralyzer dry-reagent system and its applicability to veterinary practice].
AB  - This report is an assessment of clinical chemistry dry-reagent methodology for
      veterinary use. A portable reflectance photometer and dry-reagent strips were
      used to measure total bilirubin, glucose, creatinine, creatine-kinase and urea in
      equine, bovine and canine sera. The following aspects of performance are
      reported: within run variation determined on animal samples, between run
      variation using a commercial control serum, correlation between dry-reagent and
      wet-reagent methodology on clinical samples. Results of the above analytes have
      shown a satisfactory precision and indicate an excellent correlation with the
      reference method of our laboratory. Minimal technical requirements, simplicity,
      reproducibility and accuracy comparable with wet-reagent methods are the
      technical advantages of this system.

PMID- 4071536
TI  - [Analysis of urinary calculi].
AB  - Urine calculi should always been analyzed for constituents. In this paper a
      commercially available test kit is described for determination of carbonate,
      calcium, oxalate, ammonium, phosphate, magnesium, urate and cystine. The method
      is simply to be performed and can be recommended for practitioners.

PMID- 4071537
TI  - Changes in the immunological parameters after a single dose of forphenicinol, a
      new small molecular immunomodifier.
AB  - Forphenicinol [L-2-(3-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-phenyl) glycine, M.W. 197.19] is a
      derivative of forphenicine, an inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase discovered by
      Umezawa. In order to find an optimal dose, a single dose of the drug ranging from
      10 to 600 mg per body was orally administered to a total of 55 patients (36
      cancer, 13 tuberculosis, and 6 others). The possible changes in the percentages
      of the peripheral T and B lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) activity, and the
      proliferative response to phytohemaglutinin (PHA) were studied as immunological
      parameters. A significant effect of forphenicinol was demonstrated in restoring
      the normal proportion of T and B cells, especially in those who had 'low'-T
      and/or 'high'-B before administration of the drug. No difference was found
      between cancer and tuberculosis. The mean percentage of T cells increased from
      the low initial level of 68.0 to 75.6 in cancer (n = 12, p less than 0.05) or
      from 63.1 to 78.5 in tuberculosis (n = 7, p less than 0.05), while that of B
      cells decreased from the high initial level of 34.6 to 26.9 in cancer (n = 7) or
      from 34.9 to 14.3 in tuberculosis (n = 6, p less than 0.025). The effect of a
      single dose of the drug tended to disappear by day 8, a peak response being found
      on day 3 in most cases. With respect to this parameter, an optimal dose was found
      in a range from 60 to 100 mg. Forphenicinol was rather inhibitory on the NK
      activity, while it exerted diverse effect on the lymphocyte proliferation. No
      evidence of adverse effect was observed.

PMID- 4071538
TI  - Flow cytometric DNA analysis of human endometrial carcinoma.
AB  - Analysis of endometrial carcinoma of 15 cases and the normal endometrium from 12
      control cases was made using flow cytometry. The proliferative activity and the
      ploidy level of the tumors were determined and a comparative study of the tumors
      classified by the nuclear grade of the tumor was made. In comparison with normal
      endometrium, endometrial carcinoma tissue had a significantly larger S-phase
      fraction of the cell cycle. Moreover, among the endometrial carcinoma cases, the
      percentage of S-phase cells was found to increase with increases in abnormalities
      of nuclear morphology. Endometrial carcinoma cases had higher levels of G2+M
      phase fractions than normal endometrium, but not significantly so. The
      proliferation index of endometrial carcinomas was significantly higher than that
      in normal endometrium, and it was found that proliferative activity became more
      robust the more irregular the nuclear morphology. With regard to the ploidy
      level, all of the normal endometria and Nuclear Grade 1 or 2 endometrial
      carcinoma cases showed a DNA distribution between diploid and tetraploid. In
      contrast, Nuclear Grade 3 cases could be subdivided into two groups, one which
      had a DNA distribution between diploid and tetraploid with an extremely high
      proliferation index and the other which had an aneuploid DNA stem line.

PMID- 4071539
TI  - Glycosaminoglycans in brush border membranes from rabbit small intestine.
AB  - A brush border membrane fraction was prepared from mucosae of rabbit small
      intestine by differential centrifugation. The membrane fraction was digested with
      pronase and a glycosaminoglycan fraction was isolated from the digest by
      fractionation with cetylpyridinium chloride. Individual glycosaminoglycans were
      quantitated by specific mucopolysaccharide-degrading enzymes and nitrous acid.
      The glycosaminoglycan composition was then calculated to be as follows:
      Hyaluronic acid, 34%; chondroitin sulfate A/C, 16%; dermatan sulfate, 11%;
      heparan sulfate, 39%.

PMID- 4071540
TI  - Sulfated glycopeptides from middle ear effusions of secretory otitis media.
AB  - The middle ear effusion specimens were obtained by myringotomy and aspiration
      from 4 children of 4-7 years old, who had been diagnosed as patients with
      secretory otitis media on the basis of conductive hearing loss and tympanogram.
      In cases 1 and 2, their ear fluids were macroscopically serous, while those of
      cases 3 and 4 were mucous. These ear fluids were digested with pronase and the
      digests were analyzed by cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis with alcian
      blue and high-iron-diamine stainings. All samples were found to contain
      glycopeptides possibly derived from sulfated mucin-type glycoproteins with small
      amounts of glycosaminoglycans. The glycoconjugates from cases 3 and 4 were
      further examined after hyaluronidase and chondroitinase ABC treatments, followed
      by heparitinase digestion. The resultant glycopeptide fractions appeared to be
      electrophoretically homogeneous and their chemical compositions suggested that
      they were typical mucin-type glycopeptides. Furthermore, they contained sulfates.
      The data suggest that in secretory otitis media, one of the major components of
      middle ear effusions is sulfated mucin-type glycoprotein.

PMID- 4071541
TI  - Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the parotid gland: report of a case and review of
      the literature.
AB  - A case of primary extramedullary plasmacytoma (PEMP) with local amyloid
      deposition arising in the left parotid gland of a 78-year-old woman is described.
      The present case was studied with immunologic techniques with results confirming
      that the neoplastic cells were of monoclonal nature, producing lambda-light
      chains alone. PEMPs of the salivary glands are rare, with only 8 cases reported
      in the literature. The salient features of these 9 cases are summarized. Problems
      connected with the clinical, pathological and therapeutic aspects of PEMP with
      regard to the rare parotid location are discussed.

PMID- 4071542
TI  - A device for indirect measurement of blood pressure in conscious dogs.
AB  - A technique for indirect measurement of blood pressure by a combination of
      commercially available apparatuses was devised. There were good correlations in
      both of systolic and diastolic blood pressures measured by the indirect and
      direct methods.

PMID- 4071543
TI  - Absence of autoantibodies against neurofilament proteins in the sera of scrapie
      infected mice.
AB  - Autoantibodies against neurofilament proteins were not detected in any of the
      sera from the following scrapie infected mice: 19 mice infected with scrapie
      agent 139A in pre-clinical stage, 32 histologically confirmed scrapie mice and
      other 12 clinical scrapie mice infected with various strains. The test sera were
      assayed against acetone-fixed central neuron cultures from fetal mice by indirect
      immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. The negative result suggests
      that autoantibodies against neurofilament proteins do not play a role in the
      pathogenesis of scrapie.

PMID- 4071544
TI  - Measurement of detrusor contractility in the reflex micturition of the
      decerebrate dog.
AB  - Detrusor contractility was measured in the reflex micturition of the decerebrate
      dog, using a computer directly connected to a urodynamic setup. Detrusor
      contractility parameters seem to be useful for evaluation of bladder function.

PMID- 4071545
TI  - Inhibitory effect of methylmercuric chloride on the contraction mediated by
      muscarinic receptor of intestinal smooth muscle of the guinea-pig.
AB  - Effects of methylmercuric chloride (MMC) on the contractile responses to nerve
      and drug stimulation in the guinea-pig taenia coli were examined. MMC (25-50
      microM) severely reduced both responses to electrical and pharmacological
      (nicotine) stimulation of cholinergic nerves without affecting the responses to
      direct stimulation of muscles. MMC also suppressed markedly the response to
      acetylcholine (ACh), but did not change the maximum response to ACh. Dose
      inhibition curve for MMC on the response to nerve stimulation was quite similar
      to that on the response to externally applied ACh. MMC only at a high
      concentration slightly reduced the response to histamine. MMC depolarized the
      membrane of the smooth muscle by about 8 mV with the sucrose-gap method. However,
      conditioning depolarization of the muscle strip by a 25 mM-K solution did not
      suppress the response to ACh. It was suggested that MMC-induced inhibition of the
      responses of the guinea-pig taenia coli to cholinergic nerve stimulation resulted
      from the inactivation of the muscarinic receptor of the smooth muscle.

PMID- 4071546
TI  - The role of airflow in mucous transport in the trachea.
AB  - The role of airflow in mucous transport in the respiratory tract was studied.
      Seven mongrel dogs were tracheostomised at the caudal end of the neck, and the
      following two procedures were performed. In procedure (1), a small radiopaque
      plastic disc was placed on the mucous membrane of the right side wall of the
      trachea through the tracheostoma, which was then closed to let the dog breathe
      through the normal respiratory tract. Roentgenograms of the trachea were taken
      three times at 5-min intervals. Procedure (2) was designed to eliminate airflow
      from around the disc. A canula was placed in the trachea through the tracheostoma
      to bypass airflow, and the disc was placed on the mucous membrane slightly more
      proximal than the cannula. The transport rate was 11.1 +/- 4.1 mm/min (mean +/-
      S.D.) in procedure (1) and 5.4 +/- 2.7 mm/min in procedure (2), which showed a
      significant difference. The present results seem to indicate an important role of
      airflow in mucous transport in the trachea.

PMID- 4071547
TI  - Three-dimensional structure of cytoskeletal system in human hepatocytes viewed by
      polyethylene-glycol-embedding method.
AB  - In an attempt to demonstrate the three-dimensional cytoskeletal system of human
      hepatocytes, we used two kinds of tissue processing. In one, specimens were
      immediately fixed with 1% glutaraldehyde, saponin 0.5 mg/ml, and tannic acid 2
      mg/ml (procedure A) and in the other, cytoplasmic matrix and organelles were
      washed out with a solution containing saponin 0.5 mg/ml and 0.15% Triton X-100,
      followed by fixation with glutaraldehyde (procedure B). The specimens were
      embedded in polyethylene glycol, sectioned at 500 nm, critical point-dried and
      observed in a TEM. With procedure A, a fine lattice was shown to spread
      throughout the cytoplasm so as to connect plasma membranes with cytoplasmic
      organelles, condensed around the bile canaliculi. With procedure B,
      microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments could be clearly
      visualized three-dimensionally instead of the lattice structure. At a higher
      magnification, microvilli of canaliculus were found to contain a core
      microfilament which were enmeshed in a pericanalicular filament plexus. This
      plexus looking like the terminal web of intestinal epithelia, encircled the
      canaliculus and was attached to the zonula adherens. Outside the plexus,
      intermediate filament network was shown attached to the desmosome. These
      morphological findings indicated that the cytoskeleton of human hepatocytes is
      composed of microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments and the fine
      lattice structure, suggesting that the bile canaliculi could contract in vivo.

PMID- 4071548
TI  - The importance of colloid osmotic pressure during open heart surgery in infants.
AB  - Fifty-five infants with transposition of the great arteries and with total
      anomalous pulmonary venous return underwent intracardiac repair under combined
      surface/perfusion hypothermia and total circulatory arrest in 1975 to 1983.
      Although cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time is limited when hypothermic
      circulatory arrest is employed, fluid balance derangement is one of the major
      postoperative complications. Fluid balance at the end of CPB averaged +299.5 ml
      (+63.4 ml/kg) when hemodilution with lactated Ringer's was utilized (Group A).
      Since colloid osmotic pressure (COP) plays an important role in regulating fluid
      balance, colloid hemodilution prime (whole blood and plasma) was employed in the
      last 3 years (Group B). COP and total protein concentration during CPB with
      colloid prime were maintained at around 19 mmHg and 5 g/100 ml, respectively. In
      Group B, fluid balance at the end of CPB averaged +81.1 ml (+16.3 ml/kg) and was
      significantly less than in Group A (p less than 0.01). The ICU stay period for
      survivors in Group B (average 10.9 days) was reduced to half the period in Group
      A (average 20.6 days) (p less than 0.05). The mortality rate in Group A was 42%,
      whereas 23% in Group B. It was concluded that well-maintained COP levels during
      CPB with colloid hemodilution prime reduced fluid accumulation in the body and
      made patient care easier following open heart surgery in infants.

PMID- 4071549
TI  - Influence of diabetes on arteriosclerosis.
AB  - The cholesterol contents of the posterior cerebral, subclavian, left common
      carotid, coronary, superior mesenteric and renal arteries were determined in 6
      nondiabetic and 21 diabetic autopsy subjects. The dry weight of the arteries per
      length was 1.40 to 2.96 times greater in the diabetic group than in the
      nondiabetic group. The contents of cholesterol in the arteries of the diabetic
      group were also 1.07 to 4.10 times greater than those of the nondiabetic group.
      Statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between the dry weight of
      the arteries per length in the nondiabetic group and the contents of cholesterol
      in the arteries of the nondiabetic group and the diabetic group. Relation between
      the cholesterol content (x) in the artery of nondiabetic group and ratio (y) of
      the cholesterol content in the artery of the diabetic group to the nondiabetic
      group could be expressed by the following regression equation; y = 4.303 - 0.558
      x (r = -0.843, p less than 0.002). Most of correlation coefficients between dry
      weight of each artery, or between the cholesterol content of each artery were
      low. These results suggest that arteriosclerosis is enhanced in the diabetics,
      especially in smaller artery where the cholesterol content is low, and
      arteriosclerosis in the diabetics develops not uniformly.

PMID- 4071551
TI  - Cytotoxic effects of wheat gliadin-derived peptides.
AB  - The peptic-tryptic-cotazym (PTC) digest, obtained from bread wheat gliadin by
      simulating in vivo protein digestion, was more active than the PTC-digest of
      durum wheat gliadin in reversibly inhibiting HEp-2 cell proliferation and in
      increasing cellular acid phosphatase. Colony-forming ability of the cells was not
      affected by treatment with both bread or durum wheat gliadin peptides. The peptic
      tryptic (PT) digest of bread wheat gliadin also showed agglutinating activity of
      HEp-2 cells.

PMID- 4071550
TI  - Glutathione pathway enzyme activities and the ozone sensitivity of lung cell
      populations derived from ozone exposed rats.
AB  - Rats were exposed to 1.5 +/- 0.1 mg ozone/m3 for 4 days and the activities of
      glucose-6-P dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione
      peroxidase (GSHPx) were measured in the cytosolic fraction of lungs from exposed
      and control rats. Enzyme activities were also measured in isolated alveolar
      macrophages and type II cells. After ozone exposure enzyme activities, expressed
      per gram of protein, showed the following changes. G6PDH activity was increased
      (P less than 0.001) in the whole rat lung and showed the same tendency in
      isolated alveolar macrophages and type II cells. GR activity did not change
      significantly neither in whole lungs, nor in isolated cell populations. GSHPx
      activity was increased (P less than 0.001) in whole lung homogenates, and was
      also markedly increased in both alveolar macrophages (P less than 0.05) and type
      II cells (P less than 0.01) isolated from ozone-exposed rats. From these results
      it was concluded that biochemical changes measured in whole lung homogenates
      might reflect biochemical changes that occur within specific cell types.
      Furthermore, it was demonstrated, using an in vitro ozone exposure system, that
      lung cell populations isolated from ozone-exposed rats, in spite of their marked
      increase in GSHPx activity, did not show a decreased ozone sensitivity compared
      to cells from unexposed rats, as determined by trypan blue exclusion or
      phagocytosis. So an increase in GSHPx activity might not be related to an
      increased cellular resistance to ozone.

PMID- 4071552
TI  - Lipid spectrum in different tissues of MT81 toxin-treated mice.
AB  - The effects of different intraperitoneal doses of MT81 (2.5 mg/kg, 5.0 mg/kg and
      7.5 mg/kg, respectively) for a 2-week, 4-week and 6-week treatment on
      concentration of total lipid and its different fractions of liver, brain, kidney,
      testis and serum in mice were studied. The following were measured: total lipid,
      free and total cholesterol, total phospholipid and its fractions (lecithin,
      lysolecithin, phosphotidylethanolamine and lysophosphotidylethanolamine),
      triglyceride, free fatty acid; lipase activity was also measured in serum, liver,
      and testis. Ascorbic acid content of testis was also measured. This mycotoxin
      (MT81) caused biochemical disorders of the tissues. Total cholesterol, free
      cholesterol, total phospholipid and its fractions, triglycerides and total lipids
      were elevated significantly in liver, serum, kidney and testis of toxin-treated
      animals. Free fatty acid increased significantly at a later stage in serum and
      remained constant in other tissues of toxin-treated mice. All the lipid fractions
      except total phospholipid and its fractions remained constant in brain of treated
      animals; total phospholipid and its fractions decreased significantly in brain of
      toxin-treated mice. Lipase activity decreased significantly in serum, liver and
      testis of treated mice. Ascorbic acid content of testis of treated animals
      increased significantly. Such disorders of lipid concentrations in the aforesaid
      tissues might be associated with the CNS depressant action and structural and
      functional toxicity of other tissues induced by the MT81 toxin.

PMID- 4071553
TI  - Hepatic drug metabolising enzymes in undernourished men.
AB  - The influence of the nutritional status of the individual on the hepatic drug
      metabolising enzymes in human wedge-biopsy liver samples was investigated. The
      aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) was found to be elevated although there was no
      change in the cytochrome P-450 levels in the undernourished groups. Conjugating
      enzymes viz. UDP glucuronyl transferase (UDPGT) and glutathione-S-transferase
      (GST) were not found to be different. The increase in AHH activity as compared to
      UDPGT and GST activities suggests that the activation processes may possibly be
      increased in the undernourished segment of the population.

PMID- 4071554
TI  - Studies on the copper and zinc content of the rat kidney after treatment with
      cisplatin.
AB  - The administration of cis-dichlorodiammine platinum II (cisplatin), at a dose of
      5 mg/kg, subcutaneously (s.c.), to adult male Wistar rats, inhibited the normal
      accumulation of Cu and Zn in the kidneys. Cisplatin also produced a small
      increase in the concentration of Cu in the brain but had no significant effect on
      total Cu and Zn concentrations in the heart, thymus, liver, intestine, spleen,
      testes and muscle. Treatment of rats with 2 mg Cu2+/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.),
      increased the renal Cu content whilst cisplatin pretreatment inhibited the uptake
      of Cu by the kidneys. The administration of cisplatin to the Cd2+-pretreated rat
      decreased the content of metallothionein-bound Cu in parallel with a reduction in
      total renal Cu content, but had no significant effect on the total renal content
      of Cd and Zn. Pretreatment with cisplatin decreased the subsequent uptake of Cd
      by 42% in the whole kidney and by 23% in the metallothionein fraction, but failed
      to reduce the Cd2+-induced accumulation of Cu in the kidneys. The significance of
      these observations in relation to the possible mechanism of the cisplatin-induced
      change in the Cu and Zn content of the kidney is discussed.

PMID- 4071555
TI  - Effects of cigarette smoke and 3-methylcholanthrene on the disposition of
      phencyclidine and its N-ethylamine analogue in the isolated perfused lung of
      rats.
AB  - The isolated perfused lung (IPL) of rats were used to examine the pulmonary
      disposition and metabolism of radiolabeled phencyclidine (PCP) and N-ethyl-1
      phenylcyclohexylamine (PCE). The IPL removed PCP and PCE from the perfusate and
      converted them to free and conjugated metabolites. At the conclusion of a 1-h
      perfusion, the lung accumulated at least 20% of the administered radioactivity
      and metabolized more than 30% of the added drug. Pretreatment of rats with 3-MC
      or cigarette smoke enhanced significantly PCP and PCE metabolism by the IPL. The
      concentration of conjugated PCE metabolite in the perfusate of the IPL was
      increased significantly by both 3-MC and cigarette smoke pretreatments whereas
      the concentration of conjugated PCP metabolite was not affected by cigarette
      smoke exposure and increased only slightly after 3-MC pretreatment. Pretreatment
      of rats with 3-MC or cigarette smoke also altered the amount of radioactivity
      accumulated by the lung tissue at the conclusion of a 1-h perfusion. Inasmuch as
      PCP and PCE are often abused by humans via smoke inhalation, a significant amount
      of these drugs may be stored or metabolized by the lung.

PMID- 4071556
TI  - Detoxification of the estertin stabilizer bis-(beta-carbobutoxyethyl)tin
      dichloride in rats by hydrolysis of the ester bond.
AB  - In a previous comparative toxicity study with alkyltin and estertin stabilizers,
      it was recognized that estertin compounds displayed in vitro lymphocytotoxic
      effects comparable to the dialkyltin compounds, but did not induce lymphoid
      atrophy when administered in vivo to rats as was found for the dialkyltin
      compounds. This discrepancy between the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of estertin
      compounds prompted us to study the metabolism of the estertin compound bis-(beta
      carbobutoxyethyl)tin dichloride (CBETC) in rats. The hydrolysis product bis-(beta
      carboxyethyl)tin dichloride (CETC) was the only metabolite detectable using TLC.
      After daily intravenous administration of 20 mg CBETC/kg body weight CETC was
      detected in urine only, whereas no faecal excretion of organotin was found.
      Intravenous administration of relatively large amounts of 20 mg CETC/kg body
      weight indicated that this compound is not metabolized but rapidly excreted in
      urine, probably because of its hydrophilic nature. Daily gavage of 15 mg CBETC/kg
      body weight resulted in the excretion of appreciable amounts of CETC in urine,
      but CETC was also found in faeces together with the parent compound. In the
      gastrointestinal tract CETC would be formed locally probably by acid hydrolysis
      of CBETC as was shown also in vitro in acidified water. Esterases in the
      gastrointestinal tract, tissues and blood might also be responsible for the fast
      hydrolysis of CBETC. As shown in our previous study the hydrolysis product CETC
      did not cause any lymphocytotoxic effect. Therefore we conclude that in the rat
      the estertin compound CBETC is effectively detoxified by hydrolysis of the ester
      bond.

PMID- 4071557
TI  - Covalent adduct formation and chloroform production after free radical attack on
      fatty acids by carbon tetrachloride reactive intermediates.
AB  - The interactions of fatty acids and the trichloromethyl free radical generated
      anaerobically by the benzoyl peroxide model system were studied. Chloroform was
      produced due to the interaction of the trichloromethyl free radical with the
      unsaturated fatty acid ester methyl oleate, indicating the hydrogen in chloroform
      may result from abstraction from fatty acids. In addition, chloroform was
      detected in incubations containing the saturated fatty acid ester methyl
      stearate, indicating hydrogen abstraction is not limited to allylic hydrogens.
      Mass spectral analysis identified one adduct resulting from additional reactions
      to methyl oleate, and an adduct resulting initially from hydrogen abstraction on
      methyl stearate. These findings describe previously unreported reactions of the
      trichloromethyl free radical with saturated fatty acid, and inhibition of
      chloroform production by 3 free radical inhibitors.

PMID- 4071558
TI  - Embryotoxicity of betel nuts in mice.
AB  - The fetotoxic potential of betel nuts was investigated in Swiss albino mice.
      Total aqueous extracts of ripe betel nuts of unprocessed and processed varieties
      were administered to pregnant animals at dose levels of 1, 3 and 5 mg/day/mouse
      (27 +/- 1 g body wt) through days 6-15 of gestation. The dams were sacrificed
      prior to term and the fetuses were examined for morphological, visceral and
      skeletal anomalies. The treatments resulted in increased resorptions as well as
      dead fetuses. Fetal weight was adversely affected as indicated by the dose
      related reduction in average body weight of live fetuses. No major morphological,
      visceral and skeletal defects, apart from hematomas, curved tails and a few
      incidences of rib anomalies, were observed. There was, however, a dose-related
      decrease in the number of fetuses possessing ossified coccygeal vertebrae while
      an increase in the number of fetuses with unossified 5th metacarpals. This
      indicated a delay in skeletal maturity, particularly in those fetuses exposed
      prenatally to the betel nut extract of the unprocessed variety.

PMID- 4071559
TI  - The effects of soman, in vivo and in vitro, on aldolase activity.
AB  - We examined the in vivo and in vitro effects of soman on aldolase activity. Male
      rats were killed at 4, 6, 9 and 12.5 min after subcutaneous (s.c.) administration
      of 90 micrograms/kg soman. At 4 min after treatment, aldolase activity was
      inhibited 55-90% compared to control in cerebral cortex, brainstem, mid-brain and
      cerebellum; and up to 50% of control in diaphragm and muscle. By 12.5 min,
      aldolase activity in all areas had returned to control levels except in the
      diaphragm, which still exhibited 36% inhibition. In vitro activity of rabbit
      muscle aldolase was not inhibited by 10(-3) M soman. In contrast,
      diisopropylfluorophosphonate (DFP, 10(-3)-10(-2) M) acted as a competitive
      inhibitor of aldolase activity in vitro. The results suggest that in vivo, soman
      effects on aldolase activity are transitory. Any long-lasting effects of soman on
      aldolase activity may occur only in the periphery, and not in the central nervous
      system.

PMID- 4071560
TI  - Acute behavioral toxicity of sulfolane: influence of hypothermia.
AB  - Sulfolane is a solvent which produces hypothermia and decreased oxygen
      consumption following acute exposure. In the present experiment, we investigated
      effects of sulfolane on a behavioral measure of toxicity at ambient temperatures
      which would either prevent or facilitate the development of hypothermia. Adult
      male Long-Evans rats (N = 10/dose) received a single i.p. injection of saline,
      200, 400 or 800 mg/kg sulfolane. Motor activity in figure-of-eight mazes was
      assessed 1 h after dosing in testing rooms maintained at either 20.8 degrees C or
      at 32.3 degrees C. At the warm ambient temperature, sulfolane produced
      hypoactivity but not hypothermia. At the cooler temperature, sulfolane-induced
      hypoactivity was more pronounced, and rats were hypothermic. Therefore, a
      behavioral change could be detected at sublethal dosages of sulfolane in the
      absence of hypothermia.

PMID- 4071561
TI  - Metabolic activity of lysosomes in tin-intoxicated regenerating rat liver.
AB  - The metabolic activity of lysosomes was monitored by assaying the lysosomal
      enzymes. DNase, RNase, acid phosphatase and cathepsin in rat liver regenerating
      after partial hepatectomy at various intervals after the operation. Results of
      the present study demonstrate that the activities of lysosomal enzymes are
      increased significantly during the process of rapid regeneration, especially at
      24 h and 48 h. A small rise in enzymatic activities was noticed at 36 and 72 h of
      regeneration, leading towards normalisation at 168 h. Administration of tin(II)
      tartrate (25 mu mol Sn2+/100 gm body wt.) significantly increased the DNAse and
      RNAse activity at 24 h of the regeneration, while a decrease was noticed in acid
      phosphatase activity. An increase was also found in the catheptic activity of tin
      treated hepatectomized rats. It can thus be concluded that an increased metabolic
      activity of lysosomes is reflected by the increased activity of its hydrolytic
      enzymes during the regeneration, and tin at low concentrations is helpful to this
      process. Further work is in progress to gain insight into the other metabolic
      activity of the lysosomes during the process of regeneration.

PMID- 4071562
TI  - Induction of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges by propane
      sultone in human lymphocytes in vitro.
AB  - Genotoxicological investigation of 1,3-propane sultone was undertaken using human
      lymphocyte cultures as the test system. Concentrations greater than 1 mM induced
      appreciable chromosomal aberrations, which increased proportionally to the dose
      or the duration of treatment. It was also observed that treatment administered at
      45 degrees C produced almost 3 times more abnormal cells than at 37 degrees C.
      The chemical also produced a significantly higher frequency of SCEs.

PMID- 4071563
TI  - Changes in serum lactate dehydrogenase isozyme-X activity observed after cadmium
      administration.
AB  - After subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of cadmium (Cd), activity of lactate
      dehydrogenase isozyme-X (LDH-X) appeared in the serum of treated mice within 24
      h. The determination of the activity of this enzyme in serum serves as a reliable
      and convenient method for early detection of testicular damage induced by Cd.

PMID- 4071564
TI  - Adducts of 3-methylindole and glutathione: species differences in organ-selective
      bioactivation.
AB  - Lung and liver microsomes of several species were evaluated for potential to form
      activated metabolites of 3-methylindole (3MI). Microsomes were incubated with
      [14C]3MI and glutathione (GSH). Electrophilic 3MI metabolites were trapped and
      quantitated as GSH adducts by HPLC, and by determining the amounts of activated
      intermediates which became covalently bound to microsomal protein. The highest
      rates of 3MI-GSH adduct formation by the lung were detected in microsomes of the
      goat, followed in decreasing order by pulmonary microsomes from the horse,
      monkey, mouse, and rat, respectively. In contrast, hepatic 3MI-GSH adduct
      production was highest in microsomes from the rat, followed by mouse, monkey,
      goat, and horse microsomes, respectively. These results suggest that the species
      and organ-selective toxicity of 3MI are primarily caused by differences in rates
      of oxidative metabolism of 3MI to an electrophilic intermediate.

PMID- 4071565
TI  - Pyruvate and related alpha-ketoacids protect mammalian cells in culture against
      hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity.
AB  - Pyruvate efficiently protected V79 Chinese hamster cells against the lethal
      effects of hydrogen peroxide. Protection was also provided by other alpha
      ketoacids, such as alpha-ketobutyrate, alpha-ketoglutarate and alpha-ketoadipate,
      although higher concentrations were required. The corresponding beta-ketoacids
      had no effect. The results indicate that pyruvate and other alpha-ketoacids
      possess antioxidant activity in vitro and, probably, in vivo.

PMID- 4071566
TI  - [New possibilities in radiotherapy of endobronchial tumors using the afterloading
      method in combination with laser technics].
AB  - New possibilities for radiotherapy of bronchial carcinomas are provided by the
      combined application of the recently introduced afterloading method used hitherto
      in the treatment of stenosing processes of bronchial carcinomas and the neodyme
      YAG laser which opens the stenosis in such a manner that the afterloading probe
      can be inserted. This new method allows to perform without complications or
      disadvantages further combined therapies such as percutaneous irradiation
      (telecobalt, linear accelerator or betatron). An irradiation scheme leading to a
      decisive tumor regression can be established due to the fast reventilation of the
      lung obtained by both methods. Surprisingly, three patients could be submitted
      despite the small-field radiotherapy to rather important lung operations such as
      lobectomy and pneumonectomy which were performed without complications or
      disadvantages. The patients were not operable without laser and afterloading
      therapy. This method was applied several times in the treatment of other diseases
      such as oesophageal cancer and stenosing cancer of the antrum. In these cases, a
      normal ingestion due to tumor regression was obtained rapidly.

PMID- 4071567
TI  - Response to follow-up of breast cancer.
AB  - One hundred breast cancer patients were given questionnaires to be completed at
      home or at the outpatient department. The purpose was to have patients' opinions
      of the current follow-up system. The response rate was high (93%), which
      indicates the patients' wish to participate in the decision-making of their
      treatment. The Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology was the place of choice
      for follow-up (95%), which is strongly against the trend to transfer follow-up to
      health centers. Mostly the patients criticized the lack of psychological support.
      Medical training should focus more on the significance of doctor-patient
      relationship and mental factors. These points are particularly important for the
      oncologists because of the special character of cancer and related psychological
      stress. It is not, however, possible to create a better contact without
      increasing the time available for each patient, which means more vacancies of
      oncologists.

PMID- 4071568
TI  - [Experience in the use of face masks for radiotherapy of head and neck tumors].
AB  - By means of positioning and fixation aids, the precision and reproducibility of
      irradiation fields in radiotherapy of malignant tumors of the head and neck can
      be considerably improved. Face masks made of different synthetic materials have
      proved to be a practicable solution of this problem. In our hospital we have
      developed and tested a simple and not expensive possibility of manufacturing the
      masks with "Baycast" (producer: Bayer AG Leverkusen). The material is generally
      well tolerated by the patients, and the head is sufficiently fixed. An increased
      incidence of radiogenic dermatitides is caused by the overlapping of the depth
      dose of the Co-60 gamma radiation due to additional secondary electrons emanating
      from the mask material. This effect can be partly prevented by cutting out the
      irradiation fields in the masks.

PMID- 4071569
TI  - [2 cases of radiation-induced osteonecroses of the thoracic vertebral bodies
      after accelerated irradiation of bronchial carcinoma].

PMID- 4071570
TI  - [Dose and dose distribution close to Ir-192 sources].
AB  - A report is given on dose measurements performed in the radiation field close to
      Ir-192 sources. The dose was measured at a distance of 2 to 8 cm in the air and
      in a phantom with ionization chambers. Radiachromic foils were used in order to
      determine the dose distribution surrounding the sources immediately. The
      measurement results were compared to model calculations and show a good
      conformity.

PMID- 4071571
TI  - [Ultrastructural studies of the effect of x-rays and quinacrine (Atebrin) or
      chloroquine (Resochin)--alone or in combination--on Harding-Passey melanoma cells
      in monolayer culture].
AB  - Monolayer cells of a Harding-Passey melanoma (HPM 73 cells) which were irradiated
      during the phase of exponential growth with an X-ray dose of 4 Gy of 8 Gy did not
      show any ultrastructural changes four days after 4 Gy, whereas cells irradiated
      with 8 Gy showed slight damages such as swollen mitochondria and vacuoles. As
      shown by the electron microscope, a sole addition of a sublethal quantity (6 X
      10(-6) M) of quinacrine (Atebrin) or chloroquine (Resochin) did not lead to
      significant cell modifications. Those melanoma cells with were pre-irradiated
      with 8 Gy and then incubated during four days with 6 X 10(-6) M of quinacrine
      (Atebrin) or 6 X 10(-6) M of chloroquine (Resochin) showed severe damages. There
      was an increased rate of vacuoles and segregational structures in cytoplasm. The
      mitochondria were increased and swollen and the cellular surfaces had less
      microvilli. However, microtubules and microfilaments seemed more distinct. The
      melanin concentration increased under this treatment. The cell nuclei were
      increased in volume and seemed to be rather void of chromatin. These reactions of
      cells on quinacrine (Atebrin) and chloroquine (Resochin) are explained by the
      known inhibition effect exerted by these substances on DNA synthesis, especially
      as far as the processes of DNA reparation are concerned. The changes of the
      microtubule-microfilament system could be due to a correlation with the increase
      of digestive intracellular processes connected with the catabolism of radiation
      damaged structures.

PMID- 4071572
TI  - Effects of local single and fractionated X-ray doses on rat bone marrow blood
      flow and red blood cell volume.
AB  - Time and dose dependent changes in blood flow and red blood cell volume were
      studied in the locally irradiated bone marrow of the rat femur after single and
      fractionated doses of X-rays. With the single dose of 10 Gy the bone marrow blood
      flow although initially reduced returned to the control levels by seven months
      after irradiation. With doses greater than or equal to 15 Gy the blood flow was
      still significantly reduced at seven months. The total dose levels predicted by
      the nominal standard dose equation for treatments in three, six or nine fractions
      produced approximately the same degree of reduction in the bone marrow blood flow
      seven months after the irradiation. However, the fall in the red blood cell
      volume was from 23 to 37% greater in the three fractions groups compared with
      that in the nine fractions groups. Using the red blood cell volume as a parameter
      the nominal standard dose formula underestimated the severity of radiation damage
      in rat bone marrow at seven months for irradiation with small numbers of large
      dose fractions.

PMID- 4071573
TI  - [Topography of stress in the bones of the pelvic ring after repeated injuries].

PMID- 4071574
TI  - [Deformative properties of the pulmonary artery in response to internal
      pressure].

PMID- 4071575
TI  - [Diagnostic gunshot injuries produced by a homemade ramrod weapon].

PMID- 4071576
TI  - [Use of quantitative characteristics of gunshot residues to specify the distance
      of a close-range gunshot].

PMID- 4071577
TI  - [Pathomorphologic changes in the peripheral nervous system in rapid death from
      ischemic disease of the heart and various cerebrovascular diseases].

PMID- 4071578
TI  - [Group polymorphism of the human body and its biological significance].

PMID- 4071579
TI  - [Criteria for secretor phenomena related to the ABO and Lewis systems].

PMID- 4071580
TI  - [Relation between the principal parameters of the color of bloodstains, storage
      conditions and time of formation].

PMID- 4071581
TI  - [General scheme of forensic-chemical analysis of cardenolides].

PMID- 4071582
TI  - [Improved training of personnel--problem in the further progress of forensic
      medical science and practice].

PMID- 4071583
TI  - [Determination of henapol and sactone in the internal organs of the cadaver].

PMID- 4071584
TI  - [Determination of veratrine in putrefied cadaveric material].

PMID- 4071585
TI  - [Determination of nitrapyrin in forensic-medical studies of biological material].

PMID- 4071586
TI  - [Entomologic studies in forensic-medical examinations of cadavers].

PMID- 4071587
TI  - [Iris as a scale in personal identification from the skull and photographs while
      alive using photomatching].

PMID- 4071588
TI  - [Work of a zonal spectral laboratory].

PMID- 4071589
TI  - [Organization of the regular schedules of forensic-medical experts at a bureau of
      forensic medical examinations].

PMID- 4071590
TI  - [Role of medical statistics in the organizational-methodological work of a bureau
      of forensic medical examination].

PMID- 4071591
TI  - [Method of studying cadavers after catheterization of major veins].

PMID- 4071592
TI  - [Capacity for activity after a stab wound to the heart].

PMID- 4071593
TI  - [Fatal injury with a single pellet].

PMID- 4071594
TI  - [Retrospective evaluation of the amount of ethanol in the urine of diabetics].

PMID- 4071595
TI  - [Combined poisoning with phenobarbital and analgin complicating metastatic
      lesions of the adrenals from cancer of the lung].

PMID- 4071596
TI  - [Use of infrared spectrophotometry to detect mixtures of halidor and baralgin in
      the internal organs of a cadaver].

PMID- 4071597
TI  - [Forensic medical examination of patients dying in the hospital after blunt
      injuries of the spine].

PMID- 4071598
TI  - A proposal for compatibility testing incorporating the manual hexadimethrine
      bromide (Polybrene) test.
AB  - In November 1984, the Standards Committee of the American Association of Blood
      Banks changed the requirements for pretransfusion testing by making the
      performance of an antiglobulin crossmatch optional when the antibody screening
      test is negative. The crossmatch would be necessary only to confirm ABO
      compatibility. Many will welcome this change; others will persist in their
      current methods. This article presents data supporting the use of the manual
      hexadimethrine bromide (Polybrene) test, a 1-minute room temperature procedure,
      as a crossmatch technique when the antibody screening test is negative. The
      manual Polybrene test (MPT) is an effective method for detecting ABO
      incompatibility. Forty-seven randomly selected serums gave expected results with
      A1, A2, and B red cells. Only 66 percent of 84 group B sera were serologically
      incompatible with A2B red cells by MPT, but the same results (69% positive) were
      observed using a 5-minute low-ionic-strength solution (LISS) room temperature
      technique. As only 37 percent of these crossmatches were incompatible using a
      LISS immediate spin (IS) method, the reliability of an IS method is questioned.
      An MPT crossmatch provides added security in that most unexpected blood group
      antibodies are demonstrable by this method. Of 106 serums tested which contained
      antibodies, 83 reacted. We believe that the MPT provides a rapid and sensitive
      test that, accompanied by a carefully performed antibody screening test, meets
      the requirements of Standards and will provide for safe red cell transfusion
      without the need for an antiglobulin crossmatch.

PMID- 4071599
TI  - Frequency of alloantibodies accompanying autoantibodies.
AB  - Blood samples of 109 patients with warm autoantibodies were evaluated for the
      presence of accompanying alloantibody. Clinically significant alloantibodies were
      present in 41, or 38 percent, of the cases.

PMID- 4071600
TI  - Platelet storage in a plasma-free medium.
AB  - Currently, platelet concentrates are stored in 50 to 60 ml of plasma. A major
      drawback to storage in plasma is the considerable loss of platelet function which
      occurs during storage. A modified Tyrodes medium has been developed for storage
      of platelets. A comparison between platelet concentrates stored in this medium
      and in plasma showed that platelet aggregation and release responses to
      synergistic pairs of stimuli were equivalent for both types of concentrates on
      the day of preparation and after 72 hours. Platelet aggregation and release
      responses to single stimuli, the content of membrane glycoproteins, and the pH
      declined during storage but were similar for both preparations. The data show
      that plasma is not required to maintain in vitro platelet function during storage
      of platelet concentrates, but in vivo functions remain to be determined. The use
      of an artificial medium has the advantages of decreasing patient exposure to
      plasma contaminants, generating additional plasma for fractionation, and
      controlling more exactly the storage environment.

PMID- 4071601
TI  - Stability of platelet surface antigens during storage.
AB  - We measured changes in A, B, 2H, PlA1, and HLA Class I antigens on human
      platelets stored as routine platelet concentrates (PCs) in 50 to 60 ml of citrate
      phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPDA-1) plasma in polyolefin (PL 732) bags at 22
      degrees C with continuous cartwheel rotation. Samples were obtained at 1, 3, 5,
      and 10 days of storage; incubated with human IgG anti-A, -B, -HLA and -PlA1;
      incubated with mouse monoclonal 125I-labeled anti-human IgG; centrifuged through
      phthalate ester oils; and assayed in a gamma scintillation counter. Additionally,
      group O platelets were analyzed using 125I-labeled IgM mouse monoclonal anti-Type
      2H. Mean values for molecules of Ig bound per platelet showed that platelet
      surface antigens A, B, 2H, PlA1, and HLA Class I showed no significant change
      during 10-day storage as routine PCs in CPD-A1 in PL 732 bags. Identical
      radioassays were performed with platelets incubated at 22 degrees C in plastic
      test tubes for 24 hours in homologous plasma from donors negative for the
      respective antigens and in a variety of artificial media with albumin and lipids.
      No significant changes occurred in any of the surface antigens, except for the
      loss of approximately 50 percent of the blood group A antigen from platelets
      stored in O plasma or in albumin media. These data indicate that HLA, PlA1, and
      type 2H structures do not readily dissociate from the platelet membrane during
      storage, while some blood group A antigens, presumably acquired passively from
      the plasma, will elute from the platelet under certain conditions. Routine
      storage conditions are unlikely to alter the immunogenicity of platelets due to a
      loss of antigen expression.

PMID- 4071602
TI  - Granulocytes do not have surface ABO antigens.
AB  - There is disagreement whether granulocytes have ABO antigens on their surfaces.
      We investigated this issue using pure populations of washed granulocytes from
      healthy individuals of known ABO, Lewis, and secretor phenotypes. The presence of
      ABO antigens on granulocytes was sought using four different techniques: a
      granulocyte-red cell mixed agglutination assay; a microleukoagglutination assay;
      a microgranulocyte cytotoxicity assay; and an immunoradiometric assay for
      granulocyte-associated IgG. Both fixed and unfixed granulocytes were tested. All
      tests were negative. Granulocytes do not have ABO antigens on their surfaces.

PMID- 4071603
TI  - Diagnostic and pathogenetic considerations in transfusion-related acute lung
      injury.
AB  - Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is an infrequent but life
      threatening complication of hemotherapy. The findings in 36 cases are described.
      The typical clinical presentation includes acute respiratory distress
      characterized by hypoxemia and fulminant pulmonary edema. The onset is usually
      within 4 hours of transfusion and is accompanied by hypotension. In most patients
      (81%), recovery is rapid and complete. In 89 percent of cases, granulocyte or
      lymphocytotoxic antibodies are found in the serum of the implicated blood product
      which contained plasma. HLA-specific antibodies were identified in donor serums
      in 65 percent of cases evaluated. The passive transfer of these antibodies may
      promote complement activation and subsequent pulmonary injury. TRALI is an
      important cause of transfusion-associated morbidity and is probably often
      misdiagnosed. Blood banks need to identify donors whose plasma causes these
      reactions in order to prevent their recurrence.

PMID- 4071604
TI  - Perfluorochemical blood substitutes differentially alter human monocyte
      procoagulant generation and oxidative metabolism.
AB  - Human blood mononuclear leukocytes exposed in vitro to perfluorochemical blood
      substitutes (Fluosol-DA and FC-43) generated increased procoagulant activity that
      was time dependent. Mononuclear leukocytes incubated with 10 percent Fluosol-DA
      for 4 hours generated 3.43-fold more procoagulant activity than control cells. At
      24 hours of incubation with 10 percent Fluosol-DA, cells generated 10.49-fold
      more procoagulant than control. Cells incubated with 10 or 20 percent FC-43
      generated 2.5- or 3.4-fold greater procoagulant than controls, respectively. The
      perfluorochemical emulsifier (Pluronic F68) also stimulated 3.4-fold more
      activity than control cells. Stimulated oxidative metabolism (superoxide anion
      generation) was significantly impaired by Fluosol-DA but not by FC-43 or Pluronic
      F68. No significant perfluorochemical-induced cytotoxicity was measured by trypan
      blue dye exclusion or lactate dehydrogenase release. Electron microscopic
      analysis showed progressive uptake of the perfluorochemicals by monocytes but not
      by lymphocytes. Thus, perfluorochemicals may differentially activate cellular
      initiators of coagulation while impairing other metabolic responses of
      mononuclear phagocytes. Patients receiving perfluorochemical preparations should
      be monitored for abnormalities of hemostasis and for disorders of the mononuclear
      phagocyte system.

PMID- 4071605
TI  - Effects of 4000 rad irradiation on the in vitro storage properties of packed red
      cells.
AB  - Immunosuppressed patients who require red cell transfusions receive irradiated
      (1500-3000 rad) packed red cells. These cells are irradiated immediately before
      infusion. If a large group of patients become immunosuppressed due to exposure to
      radiation or chemicals, the ability to supply large volumes of irradiated blood
      at the time of use might not be possible. An alternate solution to providing
      quantities of irradiated blood is to irradiate the units prior to storage. This
      study presents in vitro data comparing storage of paired packed red cell units
      either irradiated or not irradiated. Five units of fresh blood drawn into citrate
      phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPDA-1) were packed to a hematocrit of 75 +/- 1
      percent, and then each unit was divided in two equal parts. One of each pair was
      irradiated (4000 rads), and both parts of each unit were stored for 35 days at 4
      degrees C. Samples were analyzed every 7 days. Irradiation caused a slight drop
      in red cell adenosine triphosphate and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate and a slight
      increase in plasma hemoglobin compared to controls. Methemoglobin, pH, and
      glucose consumption were identical to the controls. The evidence indicates that
      irradiation did not cause biochemical or metabolic changes in the red cells that
      would lead us to suspect a difference between irradiated and nonirradiated stored
      red cells in function or viability. These negative findings require in vivo
      confirmation.

PMID- 4071606
TI  - Limitation of the immediate-spin crossmatch.

PMID- 4071607
TI  - Long-term 51Cr survival of serologically incompatible red cell units.

PMID- 4071608
TI  - Whole blood versus packed red cells.

PMID- 4071609
TI  - Molluscum contagiosum: a complication of donor venipuncture.

PMID- 4071610
TI  - The effect of verapamil on renal function after warm and cold ischemia in the
      isolated perfused rat kidney.
AB  - The potential usefulness of verapamil, a calcium channel blocker to renal
      allograft preservation, was investigated using the isolated perfused rat kidney.
      Two models of ischemic injury were used. In the first model, rat kidneys were
      exposed to 40 min of 37 degrees C ischemia on the perfusion circuit. Addition of
      verapamil in doses of 2.5, 5, and 100 microM concentration to the perfusate
      significantly improved inulin clearance (Cin) and total sodium absorption (TNa)
      in the hour of reperfusion following ischemia. Regeneration of adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP) and total adenine nucleotide TAN levels during reperfusion
      following warm ischemia were also significantly higher in verapamil-treated
      kidneys. In the second model, rat kidneys were flushed in situ with Collins C2
      solution and stored at 0 degrees C for 8 hr. After this period of cold ischemia,
      they were perfused on a perfusion circuit with perfusion media. Verapamil 2.5
      microM was absent from both flush and perfusate (control), or added to just the
      flush, both the flush and perfusate, or just the perfusate. Addition of verapamil
      to the flush or the flush and perfusate significantly improved Cin, urine flow
      rate (V) and TNa during reperfusion, compared with control. Addition of verapamil
      to just the perfusate did not effect Cin, TNa, or V but did significantly
      increase RPF. These findings suggest the verapamil may protect against organ
      damage occurring during both warm and cold ischemia in the absence of any
      systemic effects and thus may be useful for renal allograft preservation.

PMID- 4071611
TI  - Pregnancy after donor nephrectomy.
AB  - The use of living-related kidney donors has been a routine practice in most major
      transplant centers in the United States for more than 20 years. Concern has
      arisen regarding the potential for developing hypertension and progressive renal
      dysfunction after renal donation. Pregnancy results in hyperfiltration and might
      be an added risk for the development of hypertension, proteinuria, or renal
      insufficiency in donors. From 1963 until 1984, the Cleveland Clinic Foundation
      performed 1031 renal transplants, 355 from living donors. Of these 355 living
      donors, 191 were female, and of these, 23 successfully conceived after kidney
      donation. Prenatal and delivery records of all 23 were reviewed. There were 39
      pregnancies in 23 women with 32 viable births. Conception ranged from 2 weeks to
      more than 9 years postnephrectomy. Mean blood pressure at the time of donor
      evaluation was 120/75 mm Hg (SD: +/- 11/8 mm Hg). Mean blood pressure during
      pregnancy was 114/68 mm Hg (SD: +/- 7/6 mm Hg). One plus proteinuria was detected
      in 2 women during the third trimester and trace proteinuria was seen in 7
      pregnancies; this proteinuria disappeared after delivery. Thirteen of twenty
      women who carried to term were reevaluated 2-14 years after donor nephrectomy.
      All parameters studied were normal. Mean length of follow-up after donor
      nephrectomy was 7.9 years. These data suggest that, after donor nephrectomy,
      women can have a normal pregnancy without significant problems related to the
      kidney donation. Also, hyperfiltration associated with the combination of
      unilateral nephrectomy and pregnancy does not lead to significant hypertension,
      proteinuria, change in glomerular filtration rate, or abnormalities of the
      urinary sediment.

PMID- 4071613
TI  - Professional and system barriers to organ donation.
AB  - Like the public, the majority of hospital staff support the concept of organ
      donation. Some practical problems inhibit their full participation. We believe
      that the improvements suggested in this report will substantially enhance the
      participation of committed professionals in the organ donation process.
      Professional and system barriers to organ donation can be alleviated by
      clarifying procedures; providing educational opportunities; providing emotional
      support for professional staff; maintaining and improving communications and
      advice strategies; lobbying for the legal recognition of brain death; and
      improving remuneration systems for the physicians and hospitals.

PMID- 4071612
TI  - Public attitudes toward human organ donation.
AB  - A growing proportion of the public believe that organ transplants are successful
      and that organ donation is a way of helping someone else. Potential donors would
      prefer a legally recognized donor card that cannot be countermanded by the next
      of kin. Major reasons for not signing an organ donor card are hastiness of organ
      removal, mutilation, fatalism or superstition, religion, age, and "I just never
      thought of it." Respondents recommended a more aggressive approach by hospital
      professionals seeking consent for donations and continuing publicity about the
      need for organs.

PMID- 4071614
TI  - Ethics of transplantation.

PMID- 4071615
TI  - Donor identification.

PMID- 4071617
TI  - Donor transportation.

PMID- 4071616
TI  - The donation process.

PMID- 4071618
TI  - Living related donation.

PMID- 4071619
TI  - International Symposium on Organs for Transplantation. May 22-25, 1985, Chateau
      Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada.

PMID- 4071620
TI  - In defense of science and the soul.

PMID- 4071621
TI  - Live donors: related and otherwise.

PMID- 4071622
TI  - The ethical continuity of transplantation.

PMID- 4071623
TI  - Freedom to choose and freedom to lose: the procurement of cadaver organs for
      transplantation.

PMID- 4071624
TI  - Inter vivos transplantation: the child and dependent adult as donors.

PMID- 4071625
TI  - A legal definition of death: can it affect supply of tissue and organs?

PMID- 4071627
TI  - A human rights perspective on donor legislation.

PMID- 4071626
TI  - "Procurement" vs "donation"--access to tissues and organs for transplantation:
      should "contracting out" legislation be adopted?

PMID- 4071628
TI  - Medical progress and the human soul.

PMID- 4071629
TI  - The organ donor card in Alberta is not a will.

PMID- 4071630
TI  - The non-physician coordinator's contribution to the development of an organ
      procurement program.

PMID- 4071631
TI  - Concepts of primary health care.

PMID- 4071632
TI  - Laboratory equipment in relation to primary health care in Central Africa.

PMID- 4071633
TI  - Inactivated polio vaccine: industrial production from micro-carrier Vero cells
      culture.
AB  - In 1980, we presented our preliminary results of large-scale production of
      Inactivated Polio-Vaccine (IPV). The virus was produced by Vero cells culture
      grown on micro-carrier in 150 litre tanks; now we produce the poliovirus in 1000
      litre tanks. All the tests certifying the 'Cell Bank' have been passed; the
      quality of purification procedure was demonstrated; additional clinical studies
      were done; this new reassessed IPV was licensed in France in July 1982.

PMID- 4071634
TI  - The reference laboratory and vaccine control.

PMID- 4071635
TI  - Vaccinations: adaptation to local conditions.

PMID- 4071636
TI  - Immunization and primary health care in Egypt.

PMID- 4071637
TI  - Immunization as a starter for primary health care in developing countries. The
      role of a government in a developing country.

PMID- 4071638
TI  - Immunization as a starter for primary health care in developing countries. The
      role of the World Health Organization.

PMID- 4071639
TI  - The experience of the Organization of Netherlands Volunteers in providing primary
      health care.

PMID- 4071640
TI  - The role of non-governmental organizations in the Netherlands.

PMID- 4071642
TI  - Vaccination as a starter for primary health care.

PMID- 4071641
TI  - Immunization as a starter for primary health care in developing countries. The
      role of a donor government.

PMID- 4071643
TI  - Immunization as a starter for primary health care in developing countries.
      Concluding remarks.

PMID- 4071644
TI  - Community participation in a diarrhoeal outbreak: a case study.
AB  - An account is presented of how a diarrhoeal disease outbreak was combatted by a
      community in a remote area of southern Bangladesh. Temporary treatment centres
      were set up in epidemic areas, and large numbers of patients used those
      facilities. Government health personnel cooperated with the community, which
      mobilized all available resources in an effort to forestall a catastroph. The
      case fatality rate at the treatment centres was reported to be 1.4%. Ninety-three
      percent of patients came from a radius of three km or less. From this experience,
      it may be concluded that increased community efforts and involvement are
      effective long-term means of controlling diarrhoeal diseases.

PMID- 4071645
TI  - Young childhood diarrhoea management by mothers and village practitioners in
      rural Bangladesh.
AB  - The role and success of mothers and village practitioners in treating diarrhoeal
      episodes have been evaluated in Bangladesh in 1979-1980 in 11 villages with 1801
      children under age 5. Diarrhoeal episodes were recorded by weekly house-to-house
      visits. Among the study children, 1079 diarrhoeal episodes occurred during one
      year's observation. The attack rate was 60 per 100 children per year. Mothers
      treated more total episodes and more watery diarrhoea incidences, while
      practitioners attended more patients with dysentery. The ORS use pattern was
      significantly higher in watery diarrhoea in children under age 1. Measures are
      suggested to improve health care delivery to Bangladeshi children with diarrhoea.

PMID- 4071646
TI  - Evidence of possible natural infections of man with Brugia pahangi in South
      Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia.
AB  - Blood from 9 humans, 6 domestic cats (Felis domesticus), and 5 silvered leaf
      monkeys (Presbytis cristatus) from South Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia, with
      known filarial infections was examined for determination ofacid phosphatase
      activity of the microfilarae (mff). The findings suggest 1) that Brugia parasites
      from domestic cats and silvered leaf monkeys can be speciated by acid phosphatase
      activity and that speciation by acid phosphatase assay corresponds to that based
      upon adult worm morphology and 2) that Brugia mff from humans have acid
      phosphatase activity characteristic of that of B. pahangi microfilariae from cat
      and monkey. Thus B. pahangi may infect man in South Kalimantan.

PMID- 4071647
TI  - A preliminary survey of aerobic bacteria in breast milk of mothers from the low
      income group in Nigeria.
AB  - The aerobic bacteria colonizing breast milk of the low-income group in Nigeria
      were quantified to assess its suitability for use in milk banks. In parallel, the
      nutritional and health status of donating mothers and their infants were assessed
      by physicians. The aerobic bacteria contained in the specimens included
      Streptococcus salivarius, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter
      aerogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermides. In general, the microbial load found
      in these milk samples is lower than levels considered dangerous. An analysis of
      the results showed that 50% of the mother's milk is contaminated, 17% of which
      was infected with primary pathogens. There was no correlation between demographic
      data, nutritional or health status of either mother or infant and microbial load
      in mother's milk. Milk obtained from this socio-economic group, is therefore,
      considered safe for use in milk banks.

PMID- 4071648
TI  - Ocular manifestations of sickle cell disease in Nigerians; experience in Benin
      City, Nigeria.
AB  - The ocular findings in 50 cases of homozygous sickle cell disease are reported.
      Ocular abnormalities were found in 45 (90%) of them. Conjunctival vascular
      anomalies, tortuosity of the retinal vessels, particularly the veins and
      pigmented chorioretinal lesions were the commonest ocular manifestations; central
      retinal artery occlusion was found in one patient. Angioid streaks, retinitis
      proliferans and retinal detachment were not observed. Visual acuity was normal in
      49 out of 50 patients; the exception was the patient with central artery
      occlusion.

PMID- 4071649
TI  - Pneumatocoeles associated with pneumonia: incidence and clinical course in
      Nigerian children.
AB  - One hundred and twenty cases of pneumatocoele, admitted, treated and followed-up
      at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital in 1981 are presented. Radiologically
      the pneumatocoele cases were associated with either the bronchopneumonic or
      lobar/segmental pattern of pneumonia. There were significant differences between
      these patterns in respect of the time of occurrence, size and number of
      pneumatocoeles and associated bacterial agents. The contribution of measles
      infection to the development of pneumatocoele is noted. Although the ultimate
      course of pneumatocoele was towards spontaneous resorption, the process was slow
      in most of our patients. This was attributed to the poor nutritional status of
      the majority of them.

PMID- 4071650
TI  - Anti-A and anti-B haemolysins, dangerous universal blood donors and the risk of
      ABO antagonism in a Nigerian community.
AB  - Blood samples from 509 volunteers from a Nigerian community were tested for the
      presence of anti-A and anti-B hemolysins. Among the group 0 individuals in the
      study, 53.6% had anti-A hemolysins, 62.7% had anti-B hemolysins and 47.9% had
      both anti-A and anti-B hemolysins. Of the group A individuals 35.7% had anti-B
      hemolysins and none had anti-A hemolysins; 8.8% of the group B individuals had
      anti-A hemolysins and none had anti-B hemolysins. The high level of anti-A and
      anti-B hemolysins compared to the low levels in Europeans is discussed,
      particularly in relation to the preponderance of ABO incompatibility over Rh(D)
      incompatibility as a cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn in Nigerians in
      contrast to Europeans. The physiology of anti-A and anti-B hemolysins is reviewed
      and the fact that, unlike Europeans, many group O individuals in Nigeria are
      'dangerous' rather than 'safe' universal blood donors is highlighted.

PMID- 4071651
TI  - The xylose absorption test in normal Sudanese subjects.
AB  - The xylose absorption test was carried out in 50 healthy Sudanese men. The 5 g d
      xylose oral loading dose was used. Nine subjects (18%) had a d-xylose absorption
      below the normal range. Thirty of the subjects were of low socioeconomic status
      and 20 of the subjects were of middle socioeconomic status; there was no
      difference in the xylose absorption between the two groups.

PMID- 4071652
TI  - Pancreatic fibrosis-calcification with diabetes in South Maharashtra, India.
AB  - Out of 325 patients with diabetes mellitus 24 (7.4%) suffered from pancreatic
      fibrosis-calcification. Of these 21 were below the age of 30 years. Sorghum
      (Jowar) was the staple diet for all. Most patients belonged to the lowest socio
      economic strata.

PMID- 4071653
TI  - Intracranial tuberculoma in Lagos, Nigeria.
AB  - Two cases of intracranial tuberculoma treated by us and histologically proven at
      the Lagos University Teaching Hospital are reported. Both cases had a
      supratentorial lesion and had no extracranial tuberculosis. Tuberculoma appears
      to be relatively uncommon in Nigeria. There are some differences in the clinical
      picture in Nigerian cases compared to others reported.

PMID- 4071654
TI  - [Submicroscopic changes in the capillary cells of an area of osteogenesis during
      body uptake of lead acetate].
AB  - Ultrastructurometry has revealed that daily entry of lead acetate in a dose of 50
      100 mg/kg per body weight for 1-2.5 months increases chromatin condensation in
      nuclei, promotes swelling and myelin-like degeneration of the mitochondria,
      hyperplasia of the endoplasmic net, as well as appearance of the "enlightment"
      zones in the cytoplasm of endotheliocytes and perivascular cells of the
      capillaries from a metaphyseal zone of the rat femur. These changes are a
      consequent of the edema of cells and of the decrease in their biosynthetic
      activity.

PMID- 4071655
TI  - [Reparative DNA synthesis in the lymphocytes of rats exposed to potassium
      bichromate and manganese chloride in vivo].
AB  - The intensity of DNA repair synthesis was studied in rat lymphocytes subjected to
      the treatment in vivo by various concentrations of potassium bichromate and
      manganese chloride. It was found that manganese chloride has a direct effect on
      DNA, causing its damage whereas potassium bichromate has an indirect influence on
      DNA inhibiting its repair synthesis.

PMID- 4071656
TI  - [Centrioles and microtubules in interphase cells exposed to colcemid. The
      concentration- and time-dependent effect of the action of the poison].
AB  - Under the action of colcemid on SPEV cells the network of cytoplasmic
      microtubules disappears within less than 1 hour; microtubules attached to
      pericentriolar satellites are retained for 4 hours. The disassembly time of these
      microtubules does not depend on colcemide concentration. It is therefore assumed
      that most of the microtubules are not attached to the centrioles, but have two
      free ends, thus confirming a hypothesis that they are conveyer-assembled. With
      colcemid concentration equal to 0.5 mcg/ml, the following dynamics of events is
      observed for the cell centre: after the microtubules attached to the satellites
      had disappeared, clusters of electron dense material appear around the centrioles
      (6 hour incubation), then short microtubules occur among clusters (8 hour
      incubation) to be subsequently retained (up to 40 hour incubation).

PMID- 4071657
TI  - [Patterns in the occurrence and the submicroscopic organization of elongated
      metaphase chromosomes isolated from the cell].
AB  - Chinese hamster metaphase chromosomes were investigated under different
      conditions of isolation. Light microscopic study demonstrated different forms of
      stretched chromosomes, from those in which merely a small region is stretched to
      rope-like structures 20-25 microns long with diameter of about 0.4 micron. The
      ratio between the number of stretched and of compact chromosomes is dependent on
      the concentration of bivalent cations, on the pH and temperature of the isolation
      buffer. A study of the submicroscopic organization of stretched chromosomes
      revealed lengthwise fibrils that disappeared after the treatment with 0.6 NaCl
      and staphylococcal nuclease. Distinct aggregates were seen, whose array is
      maintaining the stretched chromosome structure. It is suggested that stretched
      chromosomes appear due to the existing in vivo lability of bonds between the main
      chromosome components involved in organization of chromatin fiber packing. It is
      proposed that the structure obtains rigidity in the course of isolation with
      bivalent cations.

PMID- 4071658
TI  - [Comparative electron microscopic study of the visual cortex neurons of the cat
      in postnatal ontogeny].
AB  - The maturation of layers II-VI of neurons and perineuronal neuropil of the cat
      visual cortex (field 17) was studied from postnatal day 1 to day 21. The
      differentiation of large, small (associate) pyramid and stellate neurons was
      described. During the first postnatal week, the somata of layers II-VI of neurons
      undergo significant changes, the perikaryal cytoplasm increases in volume. Cell
      bodies of large pyramidal neurons mature by day 15. During the second postnatal
      week and almost till day 15, the rough endoplasmic reticulum of small pyramidal
      and stellate neurons undergoes proliferation; dendritic processes are branching.
      In stellate neurons the amount of cytoplasmic organelles increases dramatically
      only after the second postnatal week, and this is presumably induced by the
      opening of eyes on day 12. The second postnatal week is the period of greatest
      growth of dendritic, axonal and glial processes in perineural neuropil of layers
      V-VI. In the perineuronal neuropil of large pyramidal neurons (layers V-VI) there
      appear symmetric synapses with pyramidal cells, dendritic processes and dendritic
      spines. This occurs just at the time when kittens first open the eyes. From this
      time and during postnatal days 15-21, asymmetric synapses appear in the
      perineuronal neuropil of large pyramidal neurons. In the perineuronal neuropil of
      small pyramidal and stellate neurons. (layers II-IV), synapses reveal the mature
      appearance by day 15. After the opening of the eyes and up to postnatal day 21,
      dendritic growth and spine production occur in the perineuronal neuropil of small
      pyramidal and stellate neurons.

PMID- 4071659
TI  - [Accessory nuclei of the primary erythroid cells of chick embryos: the kinetics
      of their formation and the relationship to the synthesis of extra DNA].
AB  - Kinetics of formation of accessory nuclei (AN), synthesis and accumulation of DNA
      in AN and main nuclei (MN) of the chick embryo primary erythroid cells (PEC) (2-7
      days of development) and interdependence of these processes were studied using
      cytomorphology, autoradiography and differential cytophotometry. The earlier data
      on the existence of AN in primary erythrocytes (EC) were confirmed, and it was
      shown for the first time that the formation of AN accompanied the primary
      erythropoiesis from the very beginning of the proerythroblast (PEB) stage. The
      number of AN-bearing cells increases as erythropoiesis proceeds to reach the
      value of 50% PEC. The AN are formed in diploid, tetraploid, as well as in
      binuclear cells. The DNA content in AN may vary from 1-2 to 80% of the 2c value
      and has a tendency of increasing during erythropoiesis, while that in MN is
      always 2c or multiple thereof. Formed at early stages of PEC proliferation as
      pieces of segregated Feulgen-positive material, the AN are preserved during
      mitosis, taking no part in mitotic rearrangements of the chromosomes and being
      eventually involved in one of the daughter cells. Clusters of metaphase, anaphase
      and telophase chromosomes contain strictly 4c or 2c + 2c DNA. DNA synthesis in MN
      and AN may proceed in parallel and independently. It is frequently observed in AN
      of terminally differentiated PEC-reticulocytes (RC) and EC, whose MN no longer
      incorporate 3H-thymidine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4071660
TI  - [Urethane inhibition of DNA synthesis in the hepatocytes of the regenerating
      liver in mice].
AB  - Hepatocarcinogen urethane (ethyl carbamate) inhibits DNA synthesis in the
      regenerating mice liver when administered at the peak of stimulated proliferation
      -46 hours after partial hepatectomy. The inhibition is temporary and reversible.
      The maximum inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation in the cells is observed 12
      hours after urethane administration, and the effect is removed following 20 hours
      after administration. Another effect of urethane consists in the lengthening of
      the period of DNA synthesis by 1.38 times, as estimated by the Quastler-Sherman
      method, though it does not affect the length of G2-period or mitosis. Possible
      mechanisms of the effect of urethane on the initiation of DNA synthesis and on
      the rate of DNA replication are discussed.

PMID- 4071661
TI  - [Changes in the transcription capacity of the chromatin of nerve and liver cells
      exposed to morphine and opioids].
AB  - Morphine stimulates in vitro 3H-UTP incorporation into the nuclei of neurons of
      the superior cervical ganglion and into the hepatocyte nuclei of some rodents.
      This effect is dose-dependent and partially inhibited by naloxone. A synthetic
      analog of enkephalins, D-Ala2-Gly-ol5-enkephalin (DAGO), and beta-endorphin
      stimulate the incorporation of RNA precursors into pre-rRNA. Possible mechanisms
      of morphine action are discussed.

PMID- 4071662
TI  - [Changes in the specific cytochemical properties of rat decidual cells during
      differentiation].
AB  - The antimesometrial part of rat's decidua of 8-9 day of gestation was divided
      into three parts: epithelial, transition and basal zones. Cells of either zone
      have their own morphological and cytochemical features. Cells of the epithelial
      zone are characterized by synthesis of tissue specific antigens and fat (fatty
      acids). Cells of the transition zone synthesize glycogen. Acid
      mucopolysaccharides are located in the basal zone only. Decidual cells do not
      synthesize cholesterol. Con A receptors are localized on the surface of cells of
      the basal and transition zones and disappear from the surface of epithelial zone
      cells. It is concluded that differentiation of large decidual cells of the
      antimesometrial part of rat's decidua are accompanied by a significant change in
      cytochemical features of cell precursors the synthesis of acid
      mucopolysaccharides and glycogen stops, while tissue specific antigens and fat
      (fatty acids) start their syntheses, Con A receptor disappear.

PMID- 4071663
TI  - [Activity of the nucleolus-organizing regions of the chromosomes of normal and
      transformed spleen cells in the African green monkey].
AB  - The activity of nucleolus organizer regions (NOR's) of chromosomes in the African
      green monkey cells has been studied before and after the transformation. In cells
      before their transformation, one or two chromosomes entering into association and
      possessing NORs are involved in the formation of one nucleolus. In transformed
      cells no correlation between the numbers of nucleoli in interphase and those of
      chromosomes possessing NORs was revealed in metaphase plates. It is supposed that
      in chromosomes of the transformed cells with faintly stained NORs the gene
      activity is preserved only in part.

PMID- 4071664
TI  - [The quantity of associated acrocentric chromosomes in human lymphocytes passing
      through 1st, 2d and 3d mitoses in culture].
AB  - The reproductive ability of lymphocytes of peripheral blood with the usage of 5
      bromine-deoxyuridine has been studied in 8 healthy children at the age of 5-6
      years. Single second mitoses occurred in 48 hour cultures (6.5%), in 72 hour
      cultures the frequency of the first, second and third mitoses was equal, in 96
      hour cultures the third mitoses dominated. Consequent divisions of lymphocytes
      were accompanied by a decrease in associative acrocentric chromosome, in average
      by 25%, within one mitotic cycle, while in mitoses of a given ordinal number the
      frequency of associations did not depend on the duration of cultivation. The
      fixation of the culture at the 48th hour of cultivation makes it possible to take
      into account the frequency of associations of acrocentric chromosomes without
      calculation of the ordinal number of mitosis because of an significant amount of
      second mitoses at this time, and of a sufficient value of the mitotic index (4.6
      +/- 0.5%) necessary for cytogenetic analysis.

PMID- 4071665
TI  - [Diffuse interstitial pneumopathy].

PMID- 4071666
TI  - [Insulin receptors in the pregnant woman and her newborn infant].

PMID- 4071667
TI  - [Anesthesia in the surgery of purulent pericarditis in the child: apropos of 10
      cases].

PMID- 4071668
TI  - [Malignant melanomas of the skin. Epidemiologic and etiopathogenic studies:
      apropos of 53 cases].

PMID- 4071669
TI  - [Pseudotumoral forms of peritoneal tuberculosis].

PMID- 4071670
TI  - ["Lacuna magna": a little known cause of dysuria and urethrorrhagia in children].

PMID- 4071671
TI  - [A case of punctate chondrodysplasia].

PMID- 4071672
TI  - [Our experience in the preservation of the sphincter in the surgery of rectal
      cancer].

PMID- 4071673
TI  - [Respiratory complications of drug addiction].

PMID- 4071674
TI  - [Hydatid cysts of the liver and jaundice: apropos of 198 cases].

PMID- 4071675
TI  - [Tumors of the upper urinary excretory duct: apropos of 24 cases].

PMID- 4071676
TI  - [Results of pulmonary excision in the treatment of bronchial dilatation].

PMID- 4071677
TI  - [Value of ultrasonics in the monitoring of intrauterine devices: apropos of 120
      cases].

PMID- 4071678
TI  - [Isotope scintigraphy in gastroenterology].

PMID- 4071679
TI  - [Spontaneous peroperative rupture of the inferior vena cava in a hydatid cyst of
      the liver].

PMID- 4071680
TI  - [Isolation and characteristics of peptide fractions from the rat brain in
      ischemia].
AB  - The low-molecular peptide fractions are obtained from the brain of experimental
      and control animals by the method which includes sedimentation of high-molecular
      compounds and gel-filtration on Sephadex G-10. Ischemia of the rat brain sharply
      changes the amino acidic composition of the isolated peptide fractions. An
      inhibitory effect of the studied fractions on the activity of DNA-dependent RNA
      polymerase as well as their effect on the heat denaturation of exogenous DNA are
      established.

PMID- 4071681
TI  - [Primary structure of otter (Lutra lutra L.) myoglobin. 1. Soluble peptides of a
      tryptic hydrolysate].
AB  - The amino acid sequence of 24 soluble tryptic peptides has been determined for
      the main chromatographic component of otter myoglobin. Fractionation,
      identification and peptide isolation have been made by fingerprints. The isolated
      peptides contain in total 111 amino acid residues.

PMID- 4071683
TI  - [Properties of glucose isomerase from Streptomyces robeus S-606].
AB  - Optimal conditions of the glucose isomerase fixation in a cell are determined by
      thermal treatment of Str. robeus S-606 biomass. Under these conditions the
      maximal enzyme activation (by 50-55 percent) is simultaneously observed. Basic
      properties of glucose isomerase fixed inside the cell are studied in comparison
      with the enzymic cell-free extract of this enzyme. The pH-optimum for
      preparations coincides and is observed at pH 7.5; the temperature optimum for the
      soluble enzyme is 70 degrees C, and for the intracellular enzyme it is higher by
      5 degrees C. Thermostability of the intracellular enzyme is also higher than that
      of the soluble one. The Michaelis constants are calculated for the glucose
      isomerase preparations in a form of producer cells and enzymic extract: they
      equal to 0.375 M and 0.285 M, respectively. A comparison of properties permits
      considering intracellular glucose isomerase as an immobilized enzymic
      preparation.

PMID- 4071682
TI  - [Age-dependent characteristics of the regulation of cytoplasmic NADP+
      dehydrogenases in the liver of rats on different diets].
AB  - It is established that the activity of malate dehydrogenase and glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase in rats aged 1,3 and 12 months lowers under fasting and
      on high-fatty diet and in old animals (24 months) on a high-fatty diet only the
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity decreases. When rats after fasting are
      put on high-carbohydrate diet the activity value of the mentioned enzymes has
      already returned to the initial level after 12 hours in rats aged 1 and 12 months
      and in rats aged 3 months it exceeds that activity in intact rats. The rise in
      the activity of the determined enzymes is completely blocked by the preliminary
      administration of actinomycin D. The isocitrate dehydrogenase activity remains
      unchanged under conditions of maintaining animals on different diets.

PMID- 4071684
TI  - [Effect of caffeine on kinetics of accumulation and release of Ca2+ by vesicles
      of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle].
AB  - The action of caffeine was studied on the heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum fraction
      enriched by vesicles derived from terminal cisterns. Caffeine lowers the ATP
      dependent accumulation of Ca2+ by vesicles and enhances the first rapid phase of
      the Ci2+ release from vesicles. The action of caffeine was transient, reversed,
      Ca2+-dependent. The data obtained suggest that the reduction of ATP-dependent
      calcium accumulation and enhancement of calcium release by caffeine are mediated
      by the mechanism of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release and support the view that caffeine
      may regulate the equilibrium between open and closed states of Ca2+-channel by
      increasing the affinity of Ca2+-receptor site of the channel.

PMID- 4071685
TI  - [Polyamine levels in polyribosomes from the rat liver in Shvets leukemia].
AB  - The content of spermidine in the liver polyribosomes of rats with the
      subcutaneously transplanted Svets leucosis is found to increase that evidences
      for qualitative changes in ribosomes of the liver of tumour-bearing animals.

PMID- 4071686
TI  - [Characteristics of various nerve tissue proteins using group-specific sorbents].
AB  - The use of micro-scale column chromatography and affinity immunoelectrophoresis
      with group-specific sorbents allows studying some physical and chemical
      properties of protein molecules. A comparison of properties of soluble and
      membrane brain amino-peptidases carried out by means of micro-scale phenyl
      sepharose and ConA-sepharose column chromatography shows that the membrane-bound
      aminopeptidase is a glycoprotein which possesses a high capacity to hydrophobic
      interactions. Soluble forms of aminopeptidase do not interact with ConA or phenyl
      residues. The crossed affinity immunoelectrophoresis in the presence of phenyl
      sepharose also shows the presence of hydrophobic domains on the surface of glial
      fibrillary acidic protein molecules. The both approaches may be useful to predict
      conditions for large-scale affinity chromatography methods of protein and enzyme
      purification.

PMID- 4071687
TI  - [Verity of beliefs in scientific cognition].
AB  - Certain aspects of importance of scientist's convictions for cognition of the
      environmental are considered as exemplified by the analysis of formation of
      notions on mechanisms of protein synthesis on the basis of hereditary
      information. Special attention is attracted to problems on connection of
      convictions and ideology, on the absolute/relative truth relation as an initial
      position in the analysis of causes arousing prejudices, dogmatic thinking,
      groundless absolutization of the conception of "one gene--one polypeptide".

PMID- 4071688
TI  - [Use of the androgen status in gynecology. Content, indications and
      interpretation].

PMID- 4071689
TI  - [Androgens in the serum in normal and hirsute women].

PMID- 4071690
TI  - [Balloon dilatation of the esophagus. Experience with a new method].

PMID- 4071691
TI  - [Balloon dilatation of esophageal stricture].

PMID- 4071692
TI  - [Femoral neck fractures in patients with Parkinson's disease].

PMID- 4071693
TI  - [Dilatation of esophageal stricture with the balloon catheter].

PMID- 4071694
TI  - [The superior vena cava syndrome caused by a transvenous cardiac pacemaker].

PMID- 4071695
TI  - [Hemangiosarcoma of the liver associated with administration of androgenic
      steroids].

PMID- 4071696
TI  - [The social recruitment of medical students at the University of Copenhagen in
      1984].

PMID- 4071697
TI  - [Expenses for counties in solving problems in indoor climate].

PMID- 4071698
TI  - [Accidents in schoolchildren].

PMID- 4071699
TI  - [A fatal accident with a high-pressure hose].

PMID- 4071700
TI  - [Diagnosis of autoimmunization to spermatozoa].

PMID- 4071701
TI  - [Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome].

PMID- 4071702
TI  - [Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis].

PMID- 4071703
TI  - [Cerebral apoplexy. I. Patients with newly developed cerebral apoplexy admitted
      to a general medical department in the course of a year].

PMID- 4071705
TI  - [Eosinophilic peritonitis in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis (CAPD)].

PMID- 4071704
TI  - [A completely implanted system with permanent intravenous access].

PMID- 4071706
TI  - [Hypereosinophilic syndrome with predominance of gastrointestinal manifestation].

PMID- 4071707
TI  - [Magnesium sulfate in magnesium deficiency].

PMID- 4071708
TI  - [Cerebral apoplexy. II. The social consequences of cerebral apoplexy].

PMID- 4071709
TI  - [The occurrence of gastric cancer in the Faeroe Islands].

PMID- 4071710
TI  - [Licorice].

PMID- 4071711
TI  - [Iron poisoning as a risk in the treatment of nephrogenic anemia].

PMID- 4071712
TI  - [A central venous catheter of the Hickman type used in patients with
      hematological diseases].

PMID- 4071713
TI  - [Kienbock's disease treated with shortening osteotomy of the radius].

PMID- 4071714
TI  - [Injector-jet-ventilation by an aluminum covered suction catheter. An alternative
      method of ventilation during laser surgery of the larynx].

PMID- 4071715
TI  - [The rehabilitation capacity following reconstructive vascular surgery of the
      lower limbs illustrated by qualitative data].

PMID- 4071717
TI  - [Licorice involved in case records prior to expensive hormone analysis].

PMID- 4071716
TI  - [Hypokalemic paresis and myopathy after consumption of a bitter brandy. Licorice
      induced pseudo-hyperaldosteronism].

PMID- 4071718
TI  - [Tonsillolith. Formation of a concretion in the pharyngeal tonsil].

PMID- 4071719
TI  - [Preventive oral acyclovir therapy in severe recurrent mucocutaneous herpes
      simplex].

PMID- 4071720
TI  - [Elastofibroma dorsi].

PMID- 4071721
TI  - [The morbidity picture in the Faeroe Islands].

PMID- 4071722
TI  - [Home deliveries in the municipality of Copenhagen 1980-1982. I. Obstetric data].

PMID- 4071723
TI  - [Home deliveries in the municipality of Copenhagen 1980-1982. II. Social medical
      conditions].

PMID- 4071724
TI  - [Smoking habits and occupational employment].

PMID- 4071725
TI  - [2 worlds are meeting. Experiences from 8 years' cooperation concerning treatment
      and nursing of severely ill patients].

PMID- 4071726
TI  - [5-amino-salicylic acid. A review of a new treatment of chronic inflammatory
      bowel disease].

PMID- 4071727
TI  - [Neoplasms of the parotid gland. Occurrence, histological distribution and
      therapeutic results].

PMID- 4071728
TI  - [Tumors of the parotid gland].

PMID- 4071729
TI  - [Fine needle aspiration cytological study of parotid tumors].

PMID- 4071730
TI  - [Cervicofacial actinomycosis].

PMID- 4071731
TI  - [Dilatation of the duct of Cowper's gland].

PMID- 4071732
TI  - [Acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland in a woman aged 17].

PMID- 4071733
TI  - [Alcoholic thrombocytopenia].

PMID- 4071734
TI  - [Intraneural ganglion cyst of the deep peroneal nerve].

PMID- 4071735
TI  - [Splenic abscess caused by a penetrating gastric ulcer].

PMID- 4071736
TI  - [Barbiturates as hypnotics are unregistered in Denmark. How should the patients
      be prepared for change to a different drug?].

PMID- 4071738
TI  - [Home delivery with fatal outcome for the infant].

PMID- 4071737
TI  - [Complications of deliveries at private maternity clinics in the County of
      Copenhagen. Two patient groups with a 10-year interval].

PMID- 4071739
TI  - [Home delivery in water in a salt tube].

PMID- 4071740
TI  - [Oral propoxyphene poisoning at the Poison Treatment Center in 1980].

PMID- 4071741
TI  - [Cataract and skin carcinoma in patients treated with photochemotherapy (PUVA)].

PMID- 4071742
TI  - [Occurrence of inguinal hernia in Greenland children].

PMID- 4071743
TI  - [Treatment of femoral fractures in patients with prior hip alloplasty].

PMID- 4071744
TI  - [Low but increasing serum placental lactogenic hormone levels in an otherwise
      normal pregnancy. Is this due to gene dose dependence?].

PMID- 4071745
TI  - [Psoriasiform skin carcinoma in patients with psoriasis].

PMID- 4071746
TI  - [Endometrial carcinoma in a young woman treated conservatively].

PMID- 4071747
TI  - [Lymph leakage following introduction of a right-sided subclavian dialysis
      catheter].

PMID- 4071748
TI  - [Animal scabies in man].

PMID- 4071749
TI  - [Vaccination against measles, mumps and German measles. I. Medical and
      epidemiological aspects].

PMID- 4071750
TI  - [Vaccination against measles, mumps and German measles. II. Socio-economic
      analysis].

PMID- 4071751
TI  - [Asbestos: a warning about the importance of prevention].

PMID- 4071752
TI  - [Measurement of temperature with an electronic thermometer and a mercury
      thermometer. A comparative study].

PMID- 4071753
TI  - [Measurement of oral temperature with the Craftemp and Ivac electrothermometers].

PMID- 4071754
TI  - [Basal temperature chart based on oral temperatures measured thermo
      electrically].

PMID- 4071755
TI  - [Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia].

PMID- 4071756
TI  - [Incontinentia pigmenti].

PMID- 4071757
TI  - [Alloplastic knee ligament replacement with carbon fiber].

PMID- 4071758
TI  - [Osgood-Schlatter's disease complicated by fracture of the tibial tuberosity].

PMID- 4071760
TI  - [Alcoholic aglycemia and alcohol-associated metabolic acidosis].

PMID- 4071759
TI  - [Renal carcinoma with metastasis to the uterine cervix].

PMID- 4071761
TI  - [Progressive supranuclear palsy. Diagnostic problems].

PMID- 4071762
TI  - [Factitious illness].

PMID- 4071763
TI  - [Chromosome analysis of hydatidiform mole. Theoretical and clinical aspects].

PMID- 4071764
TI  - [The course of pregnancy and delivery in primiparas in relation to maternal age].

PMID- 4071765
TI  - [Radiographic examination of the small intestine].

PMID- 4071766
TI  - [Recurrent self-mutilation. A psychiatric study].

PMID- 4071767
TI  - [Factitious lymphedema].

PMID- 4071768
TI  - [Primary breast cancer in aberrant breast tissue].

PMID- 4071769
TI  - [Beta-thalassemia minor in a presumably genuine Northern European family].

PMID- 4071770
TI  - [Mesenteric chylous cysts].

PMID- 4071771
TI  - [Cerebral gigantism].

PMID- 4071772
TI  - [Sudden unexpected infant death in Denmark. An analysis of the registered
      increase of occurrence and regional variations of occurrence].

PMID- 4071773
TI  - [Health problems in housing with mineral wool ceilings].

PMID- 4071774
TI  - [Pregnancy-specific diseases of the liver].

PMID- 4071775
TI  - [Variations in biochemical liver function parameters during pregnancy].

PMID- 4071776
TI  - [Radiological and endocrinological evaluation of 36 hyperprolactinemic women].

PMID- 4071777
TI  - [Hyperventilation in anxiety attacks].

PMID- 4071778
TI  - [Herpes zoster in general practice].

PMID- 4071779
TI  - [Histological diagnosis of breast disease and fine needle biopsy. A preclinical
      study of the Surecut biopsy set].

PMID- 4071780
TI  - [Differential diagnostic deliberations in a pyogenic abscess of the liver].

PMID- 4071781
TI  - [Weil's disease with multiple organ failure and ischemia of the colon].

PMID- 4071782
TI  - [Pseudomembraneous jejunoileitis following tuberculostatic therapy and cesarean
      section].

PMID- 4071783
TI  - [Dislocation of the head of the fibula. Ambulatory treatment of isolated
      dislocations].

PMID- 4071784
TI  - [Appendicitis epiploica].

PMID- 4071785
TI  - [Social status and cardiovascular disease. I. Review over empirical studies].

PMID- 4071786
TI  - [Social status and cardiovascular disease. II. Problems in methods and theory].

PMID- 4071787
TI  - [Duration of occupational incapacity after injuries resulting in arthrodesis
      around the talus].

PMID- 4071788
TI  - [Cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 4071789
TI  - [Congestive alcoholic cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 4071790
TI  - [Oral measurement of the temperature of blood donors. Is it a relevant
      examination?].

PMID- 4071791
TI  - [Salmonella abscesses].

PMID- 4071792
TI  - [Loop formation of central venous catheters].

PMID- 4071793
TI  - [Ganglioneuroma as the cause of labile hypertension].

PMID- 4071794
TI  - [Perforating small intestinal metastasis from a primary lung tumor].

PMID- 4071795
TI  - [Congenital granular cell tumor (congenital epulis)].

PMID- 4071796
TI  - [Mammaplasty. A follow-up study].

PMID- 4071797
TI  - [Results after surgical treatment of breast hypertrophy. A questionnaire of 379
      patients].

PMID- 4071798
TI  - [The significance of overweight for the occurrence of primary complications after
      the surgical treatment of breast hypertrophy].

PMID- 4071799
TI  - [Tumor-forming silicone granulomas in the breast after prosthesis implantation].

PMID- 4071800
TI  - [Congenital non-parasitic hepatic cysts].

PMID- 4071801
TI  - [Physostigmine: an antidote in diazepam poisoning].

PMID- 4071802
TI  - [Complications of meningococcal meningitis].

PMID- 4071803
TI  - [Level of monitoring and resources employed in cases of self-poisoning with
      tricyclic antidepressives].

PMID- 4071804
TI  - [Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix].

PMID- 4071805
TI  - [Survival after self-poisoning with 80 grams of paracetamol].

PMID- 4071806
TI  - [Scimitar syndrome].

PMID- 4071807
TI  - [Nephrogenic metaplasia of the urinary bladder].

PMID- 4071808
TI  - [Work with video display terminals].

PMID- 4071809
TI  - [The frequency of the discharge of patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's
      disease 1978-1982. A study based on National Patient Register].

PMID- 4071810
TI  - [The age of the menopause. Methodological problems in historical and geographic
      comparisons].

PMID- 4071811
TI  - [Spirochetal infections following wood tick bites].

PMID- 4071812
TI  - [Cerebrospinal borreliosis or Bannwarth's syndrome. A neurological infection
      transmitted by a wood tick].

PMID- 4071813
TI  - [Erythema chronicum migrans associated with arthritis].

PMID- 4071814
TI  - [Cigarette smoking--an important cause of non-toxic goiter].

PMID- 4071816
TI  - [Multiprogrammable single-chamber pacemakers].

PMID- 4071815
TI  - [QT-controlled pacing with automatic regulation of the heart rate].

PMID- 4071817
TI  - [A comparative study of treatment with pacemakers with multiple programmes and
      non-programmable pacemakers].

PMID- 4071818
TI  - [Therapeutic percutaneous ablation of the bundle of His].

PMID- 4071819
TI  - [Sarcoma of the uterus. A retrospective clinical study of 56 cases].

PMID- 4071820
TI  - [Cimetidine-induced climacteric symptoms in a perimenopausal woman].

PMID- 4071821
TI  - [Occupational toxic encephalopathy. Follow-up studies of case material from a
      clinic for occupational medicine].

PMID- 4071822
TI  - [Housing conditions before and after total hip replacement].

PMID- 4071823
TI  - [Sledding accidents. An evaluation of the hazards of different types of sleds].

PMID- 4071824
TI  - [Sexual activity and pregnancy].

PMID- 4071825
TI  - [Labor induction. What is the need of methods for obtaining ripening of the
      cervix prior to induction?].

PMID- 4071826
TI  - [Immunoblotting. A new immunochemical principle of analysis].

PMID- 4071827
TI  - [Clinical testing of an automatic blood pressure apparatus].

PMID- 4071828
TI  - [Neisseria cinerea infection in a neonate. Suspected gonococcal infection].

PMID- 4071829
TI  - [Traumatic talo-navicular dislocation].

PMID- 4071830
TI  - [Sarcoidosis of the larynx].

PMID- 4071831
TI  - [Rothmund-Thomson syndrome and recurrent fractures].

PMID- 4071832
TI  - Use of nonlinear mapping in multivariate image analysis of molecule projections.
AB  - A nonlinear mapping algorithm has been designed for the statistical analysis of
      sets of images in electron microscopy. The algorithm is appropriate in situations
      where it is not isolated features that determine the clustering or trends in the
      data set but a combination of several simultaneously changing features. The
      combination of the nonlinear mapping algorithm with correspondence analysis
      offers a way of ordering a set of images according to the variations of a single
      feature, as well as according to the combined variation of several independent
      features. The application of the combined algorithms ranges from image selection
      for averaging procedures to the sorting of images, that inherently form a tilt
      series. These sorted images then can be used for the three-dimensional
      reconstruction of macromolecules.

PMID- 4071833
TI  - A determination of thickness and surface relief in reembedded sections of an
      epoxy- and a melamine-resin containing ferritin as size standard.
AB  - Chemical and physical data of two electron microscopic embedding media (the non
      polar epoxy resin Epon 812 and the polar melamine resin Nanoplast FB 101) suggest
      that less kinetic energy must be applied for cutting a section from a Nanoplast
      block than from an Epon block of the same hardness and that, consequently, the
      cutting qualities of Nanoplast are better. To test this hypothesis, normal and
      extremely thin sections of Epon- and Nanoplast-embedded horse spleen ferritin
      micropellets were reembedded and resectioned for a determination of thickness and
      surface roughness. The ease with which extremely thin sections can be cut from
      the Nanoplast resin (8 nm versus 15 nm in Epon) and the smooth surface of these
      sections support the hypothesis that the cutting quality of an embedding material
      is determined primarily by its energy balance, i.e. by the kinetic energy which
      must be introduced for sectioning and the bonding energy which is released
      exothermically from a polymer while being sectioned.

PMID- 4071834
TI  - [Surgical treatment of the symphyseal rupture].
AB  - Since 1982 symphyseal ruptures are treated with open reduction, two screws and
      two wire-loops. Simultaneously torn ligaments are reinserted. The duration of
      hospitalisation is shortened and long lasting extension avoided. Early
      mobilisation and accurate anatomical reduction of the pelvis are the advantages
      of this method. Complications have not been observed.

PMID- 4071835
TI  - [Quo vadis--cruciate ligament replacement? Biological regeneration or long-term
      prosthesis].

PMID- 4071836
TI  - [Autologous and homologous cruciate ligament transplants--ultrastructural
      integration, clinical results].
AB  - A successful integration of cruciate ligament grafts is dependent upon the
      structure of connective tissue transplants, the conservation in case of
      homologous grafts, the functional load, the fixation of the graft, and the bed
      for the transplant. As shown by our own experimentations on animals, the
      integration of connective tissue transplants depends above all on the connective
      tissue type (native, conserved), the functional stimulus, and the bed for the
      transplant. Nevertheless, the communications in literature indicate identical
      clinical results for different types of autologous transplants, which gives
      occasion to mention the specific cruciate ligament stability tests, i.e. the
      Lachman test and the Pivot-Shift sign. The authors discuss their own results
      achieved by using one third of a patellar tendon or pes anserinus tendons as
      cruciate ligament substitutes.

PMID- 4071837
TI  - [Replacement of the cruciate ligament with heterologous connective tissue
      structures].
AB  - Twenty-four implantations of heterologous connective tissue structures replacing
      ligaments and tendons are evaluated in order to present the early results in the
      heterologous replacement of cruciate ligament structures. Twenty implantations
      are analysed after 18 to 36 months. The biologic structure which is very strong
      in comparison with the autologous tissue is not modified to a great extent during
      a period of 21 months, i.e. the ligament prosthesis remains unchanged so that the
      appellation "bio-prosthesis" seems justified. At present the preliminary clinical
      results are satisfying. Consequently, heterologous connective tissue structures
      can be used in repeated surgical interventions for the stabilization of chronic
      ligament instabilities.

PMID- 4071838
TI  - [Material technical prerequisites and biological principles for alloplastic
      replacement of the cruciate ligament].
AB  - The biomechanical system "knee joint" which is disturbed in chronic knee ligament
      instabilities can be repaired by means of synthetic ligaments; however, the
      correspondent materials have to meet some technical requirements which are
      described in the present work. The introduction of foreign bodies into tissue
      incite some defined reactions which may increase or decrease the functional value
      of the alloplastic ligament prosthesis; the correlations and dependencies are
      presented. An appropriate alloplastic knee ligament prosthesis is offered taking
      into account the requirements for material and the biologic reactions described.

PMID- 4071840
TI  - Origin and time course of gas bubbles following rapid decompression in the
      hamster.
AB  - Because conflicting results have been obtained in studies of the hamster
      (Mesocricetus auratus) microcirculation following rapid decompression, we were
      interested in the origin of bubbles in the cheek-pouch preparation. The hamster
      cheek-pouch and surgically exposed femoral vessels were observed under the
      microscope, before and immediately following rapid decompression. The animals
      were placed in a hyperbaric chamber and exposed to an increased pressure of 7 ATA
      for 1 h. They were then decompressed at a rate of 18 m/min until reaching 1 ATA.
      This hyperbaric exposure produced an LD50 in 100 hamsters examined in this study.
      In 40% of these animals "bubbles" were seen entering the cheek-pouch artery after
      a delay of from 3 to 6 min following decompression. Before observing bubbles in
      the cheek-pouch artery, bubbles were always seen in the femoral vein. Those
      animals that had observable bubbles in the cheek-pouch usually demonstrated a
      tachypnea, followed by gasping and apnea. When bubbles were seen in the arterial
      circulation, few animals survived for more than 10 min following the hyperbaric
      exposure. Postmortem examination of these animals revealed massive gas emboli in
      the large venous vessels, right ventricle, and fewer bubbles in the left
      ventricle. Postmortem examination of surviving animals revealed that the majority
      of the gas was in the venous vessels and right heart. These data support the
      hypothesis that bubbles first form on the venous side of the circulation and, if
      they exceed a certain volume, move through the pulmonary circulation into the
      systemic arterial vessels.

PMID- 4071839
TI  - [Cruciate ligament replacement--current status. Carbon fiber implants].
AB  - The substitution of cruciate ligaments with carbon fibre implants is a treatment
      method for chronic ligament instabilities which is sufficiently reliable and can
      be easily standardized. The good bio-compatibility of the material is
      sufficiently demonstrated, its biomechanical properties - above all the tensile
      strength - are excellent. The poor resistance to shearing forces of the carbon
      fibre implants has to be considered as a limiting factor. The risk of a rupture
      of the implant can be considerably reduced by coating the prospective intra
      articular ligament section and by smoothing off the borehole edges. A check-up
      investigation of 96 out of 112 operated patients showed good or satisfactory
      results in 3/4 of the examined patients.

PMID- 4071841
TI  - Effect of high ambient pressure and oxygen tension on organ blood flow in
      conscious trained rats.
AB  - Cardiac output and blood flow to different organs and tissues were investigated
      in conscious trained rats using radiolabeled microspheres (MS) injected into the
      left ventricle. Two subsequent MS injections were administered to each rat at
      normal gas atmosphere and pressure (control) and in one of the following
      experimental situations: at normal ambient pressure and high partial pressure of
      O2 (PO2 = 1.0 ATA) (Group 1); an ambient pressure of 5 ATA and high partial
      pressure of O2 (PO2 = 1.0 ATA) (Group 2); and at ambient pressure of 5 ATA and
      normal partial pressure of O2 (PO2 = 0.2 ATA). The inert gas was nitrogen.
      Cardiac output fell in Groups 1 and 2 with high PO2 (P less than 0.05), and was
      unchanged in Group 3 with normal PO2. Heart rate decreased in Groups 1 (NS) and 2
      (P less than 0.01), and was unchanged in Group 3. The arterial pressure remained
      unchanged while the renal blood flow decreased (P less than 0.05) in all groups.
      The myocardial blood flow fell (P less than 0.05) in both groups with decreased
      cardiac output, and was increased by 25% (P less than 0.05) in normoxia (Group 3)
      with maintained cardiac output. The blood flow to the adrenal glands fell (P less
      than 0.05) in both groups with high PO2, and increased in the normoxic Group 3
      (NS). The blood flow to the splanchnic area fell in all groups. The cerebral
      blood flow and blood flow to the eyes fell in both groups with high PO2 (P less
      than 0.05), and were constant in normoxia.

PMID- 4071842
TI  - Pulmonary atelectasis formation during diving with closed-circuit oxygen
      breathing apparatus.
AB  - The physiological effects of diving with two types of closed-circuit oxygen
      breathing apparatus were investigated in 4 divers. In one apparatus the breathing
      bag was mounted on the dorsum and in the other on the chest, inducing -2 kPa and
      +1 to +2 kPa static lung load in the prone position, respectively. The back
      mounted bag caused an unfavorable swimming position, with increased heart rate,
      breathing rate, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) for work load. The greater
      internal and external work of breathing (the latter judged from the higher RPE
      for breathing resistance) probably contributed to a higher RPE for discomfort
      with the back-mounted bag. Three divers showed great reduction in vital capacity
      (VC) (0.8 to 1.9 liters) and developed coughing attacks after dives with this
      apparatus; these results were interpreted as possible indications of atelectasis
      formation. The 4th diver showed slight reduction in VC with both types of bag,
      possibly because the changes in static lung loads did not influence the airway
      closure in this man.

PMID- 4071843
TI  - Diving bradycardia and breath-holding time in man.
AB  - The hypothesis that the diving response, recorded as diving bradycardia during
      submersed breath holding in man, would enhance his breath-holding time was
      tested. Five certified scuba divers served as subjects. They performed breath
      holds of maximal duration while nonimmersed and during submersion in cool (32
      degrees C), cold (20 degrees C), and thermoneutral (35 degrees C) water. The mean
      breath-holding time and heart rate during the nonimmersed (control) condition
      were, respectively, 111.2 +/- 14.1 (SE) s and 64.1 +/- 4.7 (SE) beats/min, the
      relatively long breath-holding times being due primarily to the so-called short
      term training effect. Compared to the control values the breath-holding time in
      20 degrees C water was 54.9% shorter and heart rate 25.9% lower, in 32 degrees C
      water the breath-holding time was not different and heart rate was 28.1% lower,
      and in 35 degrees C water the breath-holding time was longer by 25.6% while there
      was no difference in heart rate. In all conditions the breath-hold breaking point
      alveolar PCO2 was the same at about 52 mmHg. The shortening of the breath holds
      in cold water was ascribed to a 256% increase (over nonimmersed control) in
      metabolic rate as well as a respiratory drive due to stimulation of skin cold
      receptors. As for the prolongation of breath holds in thermoneutral water, it was
      hypothesized that immersion caused a delay in the build-up of chemical stimuli at
      the chemoreceptors.

PMID- 4071844
TI  - Autopsy and experimental observations on factors leading to barotrauma in man.
AB  - Morbid anatomical data have been examined in detail from 13 fatal diving
      accidents in which the primary cause of death was due to pulmonary damage. In
      addition, the observations on 6 cases of experimental barotrauma on cadavers are
      recorded. The information is supplemented by the incidental findings in the
      respiratory system of 19 professional divers killed by causes other than
      barotrauma, and 97 healthy, age-matched controls who died suddenly or
      unnaturally. In cases of pneumothorax resulting both from diving and experiment
      the constant feature was the presence of pleural adhesions and lung bullae, some
      of which were involved in causing tissue damage. A high proportion (up to 26%) of
      lungs not involved in barotrauma also showed pleural adhesions. In cases of
      barotrauma, the parenchymal damage is not consistently related to scars or
      fibrous tissue. The observations suggest that a high incidence of pleural lesions
      are not detected or detectable on routine medical examination which do not
      compromise the lung. However once a pneumothorax has occurred it is highly
      probable that a further incident may rupture another bulla and these appear to be
      multiple. The converse appears to be true with parenchymal barotrauma that is not
      consistently related to scar tissue. This would therefore suggest that in a
      proven and recovered case of barotrauma it should not necessarily debar further
      diving activity.

PMID- 4071845
TI  - Extremes in human breath hold, facial immersion bradycardia.
AB  - Although the average human response to apneic facial immersion in ice water is a
      reduction in heart rate from 70 to 45 beats/min, a small proportion of healthy
      subjects develop diving bradycardia to less than 20 beats/min. Twenty-seven
      healthy subjects performed resting, seated, 30-s mid-inspiratory breath hold,
      facial immersion in a basin of water. Heart rate dropped more when the water
      temperature was 1 degree C than at 24 degrees C. Five subjects developed
      asymptomatic diving bradycardia to less than 15 beats/min. One physically active
      individual consistently had dive heart rates as low as 5.6 beats/min.

PMID- 4071846
TI  - Age-specific morbidity and mortality rates among U.S. Navy enlisted divers and
      controls.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare age-specific hospitalization,
      disability, and mortality rates for diving-related and stress-induced disorders
      between U.S. Navy enlisted divers (n = 11,584) and a matched sample of nondiver
      enlistees (n = 11,517). Divers had significantly higher hospitalization rates
      than controls for the category of environmentally induced disorders and deflected
      nasal septum as well as for joint disorders at ages 23-28. Controls had
      significantly higher hospitalization rates for stress-related disorders (e.g.,
      alcohol and drug abuse and transient situational disturbances) and circulatory
      diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease). Higher rates of medical and physical
      evaluation board actions for stress-related disorders were observed among
      controls than among divers. For both groups, medical board, physical evaluation
      board, and mortality rates increased with age as did hospitalizations for
      musculoskeletal diseases, stress-related disorders, and circulatory diseases.
      Subsequent research will examine the long-term health effects associated with
      divers job-related accidents as well as hospitalizations for environmentally
      induced disorders and musculoskeletal conditions.

PMID- 4071847
TI  - Preemployment medical examinations in a compressed air tunneling project in Hong
      Kong.
AB  - One thousand workers intended to be employed in a compressed air tunneling
      project in Hong Kong had preemployment medical examinations for fitness to work
      in compressed air. Only 69.3% were declared fit and the overall unfit rate was
      22.1%. The major disqualifying medical conditions were lung and heart
      abnormalities and chronic otitis media. Chest x-ray was found to be the most
      useful procedure in detecting the disqualifying conditions. The type I bends rate
      of the contract during the same period of examination was low: 1.39% at maximum
      working pressure of 2.45 kg/cm2, and there was no case of type II decompression
      sickness. Although many factors may affect the bends rate, it is suggested that
      the strict criteria adopted in the selection of workers might have contributed to
      the satisfactory outcome in the prevention of decompression sickness.

PMID- 4071848
TI  - Psychological features of women with idiopathic detrusor instability.
AB  - Psychological tests were completed by 57 incontinent women with idiopathic
      detrusor instability, and compared with those of 22 women with genuine stress
      incontinence (an anatomical disorder) and published norms. The previously
      reported findings of hysterical personality traits, situational stresses and
      sexual dysfunction in patients with detrusor instability were not confirmed.
      Higher scores for anxiety, neuroticism, hostility, and depression were found in
      patients with detrusor instability than in controls. These findings, known
      associations of psychosomatic disorders, lend further support to the view that
      idiopathic detrusor instability is a psychosomatic disorder.

PMID- 4071849
TI  - Effects of autonomic drugs on in vivo recording of electromyograms of canine
      renal pelvis and ureter.
AB  - The effects of the autonomic drugs (noradrenaline, isoproterenol and
      acetylcholine) and the urine volume change on the pacemaker of ureteral
      peristalsis were studied by our new method of the in vivo recording of
      electromyograms (EMGs) of canine renal pelvis. The EMGs of the pelvicalyceal
      region showed a two phasic slow-rising potential of amplitude of 20 microV and
      discharge interval of 5 s and was different from propagated waves and therefore
      considered to be the pacemaker potentials. In the diuretic state the pacemaker
      potentials kept a constant discharge interval. On the contrary, the discharge
      interval of the ureter EMG became shorter and finally corresponded to the
      pacemaker EMG one to one. These results suggest that the urine transport in the
      diuretic state is controlled by the change of efficiency of the peristaltic
      propagation and not by the changes of the discharge of the pacemaker itself.
      Noradrenaline promoted the ureteral peristalsis and isoproterenol inhibited the
      ureteral peristalsis. These two drugs had no effects on the pacemaker potentials.
      Acetylcholine had a great variety of the effects on the ureter EMG and the
      pacemaker EMG separately. These results suggest that the pacemaker of the
      ureteral peristalsis is controlled under the influence of the parasympathetic
      system and the ureter is controlled under the influence of both the sympathetic
      and parasympathetic system.

PMID- 4071850
TI  - [Endometriosis of the efferent urinary pathways].
AB  - Two cases of ureteral endometriosis and 1 case of vesical endometriosis are
      reported and a short review of the literature is presented. The diagnostic
      problems, despite modern image procedures, and therapeutic modalities are
      discussed.

PMID- 4071851
TI  - Seminoma in an atrophic testis.
AB  - A rare case of a seminoma developing in an atrophic testis is described and the
      role of testicular atrophy in tumorigenesis is discussed.

PMID- 4071852
TI  - Congenital polyp of the prostatic urethra in childhood. Report of 3 cases and
      review of literature.
AB  - Congenital polyps of the prostatic urethra are supposed to be rare benign
      hamartomatous protrusions of the urethral wall in infants. The core contains
      predominantly connective tissue with cellular constituents of the lamina propria,
      but also smooth muscle cells, islets of glandular cells and even nerve tissue
      have been described. The core is lined by transitional epithelium, but in several
      cases squamous metaplasia has been reported. Because the polyp may act as a ball
      valve, mainly obstructive symptoms are presented. Suprapubic approach is
      generally recommended resecting a polyp; however, smaller lesions are accessible
      to transurethral resection. Three cases presenting different symptoms are
      reported. In 1 patient the polyp contained keratinized squamous epithelium.

PMID- 4071853
TI  - Chronic lymphatic leukemia diagnosed through histological evaluation of resected
      prostatic tissue.
AB  - Chronic lymphatic leukemia was diagnosed through routine histological evaluation
      of resected prostatic tissue. Two cases are presented.

PMID- 4071854
TI  - Primary transitional cell carcinoma of the female urethra with features of clear
      cell adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Primary malignant urethral neoplasms are unusual in women. Those of mixed
      histologic type are so rare as to define adequate documentation. We report the
      case of an elderly black woman with an urethral carcinoma which had features of a
      transitional cell carcinoma as well as clear cell adenocarcinoma. The histologic
      and ultrastructural features are presented and the histogenesis is discussed.
      Although the patient had both high grade and high stage disease and failed
      initially after external beam radiation therapy, she is alive and well, without
      evidence of recurrent disease, 19 months after anterior exenteration.

PMID- 4071855
TI  - A case of prostatic carcinoma with skin metastases.
AB  - The 30th case of metastatic skin carcinoma of prostatic origin was presented. The
      cytosolic R1881 receptor was detected moderately in the metastatic nodule of the
      skin, however, the measurement of this receptor had a limited value for the
      purpose of treating the patient with antiandrogenic agents.

PMID- 4071856
TI  - Computed tomography after adrenalectomy in adrenal cortical carcinoma.
AB  - This report deals with the follow-up diagnostic evaluation of 18 patients
      previously treated for adrenal cortical carcinoma. The role of computed
      tomography is emphasized. Nine patients had adrenalectomy and the other 9 had
      adrenalectomy and ipsilateral nephrectomy. The left kidney and adrenal were
      removed in 8 patients. The patients were evaluated for 2-59 months with an
      average follow-up of 16 months. Of the 13 patients (72%) who had recurrent or
      metastatic disease, 8 experienced local recurrence in the adrenal fossa, 2 of
      whom had associated renal involvement. The recurrence was seen in 5 patients in
      the left and in 3 patients in the right side. Metastases occurred in the lung (7
      patients), liver (3 patients), peritoneum (2 patients), paraaortic lymph nodes (3
      patients), and bone (1 patient). At the time of the discovery of recurrence or
      metastases, 5 patients presented with lung metastases found on chest x-rays, 3
      had recurrent Cushing's syndrome or hypertension, 3 had abdominal pain, 1 had
      weight loss, and 1 was asymptomatic.

PMID- 4071857
TI  - Right ureteral obstruction associated with pancreatitis.
AB  - In a 5-year review of 207 patients with acute pancreatitis examined by computed
      tomography, 124 (60%) had findings consistent with active (acute or acute
      superimposed on chronic) pancreatitis. Six patients (3%), in addition to having
      evidence for pancreatitis, had associated mild to moderate right hydronephrosis
      and proximal hydroureter. These patients' findings are presented with a
      discussion of the renal manifestations of pancreatitis.

PMID- 4071858
TI  - Computed tomographic findings in Peyronie's disease.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with Peyronie's disease were examined by computed tomography
      (CT) of the penis. Twenty nodules or plaques already diagnosed by clinical
      examination were identified. In 2 patients with a clinically palpable large
      plaque, all the albuginea could not be identified by CT, either in the fixed or
      mobile portion of the penis. Multiple lesions were palpable in 1 patient and
      could be seen by CT in 5 patients. Seven nonpalpable lesions were identified by
      CT. Lesions resembled calcified plaques in 10 instances and focal areas of
      diminished thickness and density of the tunica albuginea in 17 others. Computed
      tomography seems to be a very useful method in the study of Peyronie's disease.
      It allows precise evaluation of nodular lesions and it may be useful for
      monitoring their dimensional evolution. It may also give some insight into the
      structural composition of the nodules. This study supports theories that
      Peyronie's disease is a generalized disease of the penis.

PMID- 4071859
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of papillary renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - The authors report magnetic resonance (MR) studies in a case of papillary renal
      cell carcinoma. The preoperative ultrasound and computed tomographic scans
      suggested either a hemorrhagic cyst or a carcinoma, but the angiogram
      demonstrated avascularity. The magnetic resonance scan was more consistent with
      carcinoma than complicated cyst. We report the MR findings with pathologic
      correlation.

PMID- 4071860
TI  - Blind-ending branch of a trifid ureter.
AB  - A case of blind-ending ureteral duplication associated with ipsilateral
      incomplete ureteral duplication is presented. The pathogenesis, radiologic
      diagnosis, and characteristics of blind-ending ureteral duplications are
      discussed briefly.

PMID- 4071861
TI  - Retroprostatic midline cyst involving both ejaculatory ducts.
AB  - An extremely rare case of retroprostatic midline cyst communicating with the
      right vas and with the urethra via both ejaculatory ducts is reported in a 7
      month-old boy who presented with right epididymitis.

PMID- 4071862
TI  - Retrovesical mass in a 57-year-old man.

PMID- 4071863
TI  - Ileal conduit calculi from stapler anastomosis: a long-term complication?
AB  - A long-term review of 24 patients in whom ileal conduit diversions were
      constructed using surgical staples has shown calculi developing as a result of
      the staples in only 1 patient (4.2%). Experience suggests that calculi usually
      form within fourteen months of surgery, pass spontaneously, and produce minimal
      symptoms.

PMID- 4071864
TI  - Renal malignancies: outcome of patients in stage 4 with or without embolization
      procedure.
AB  - During four and one-half years a total of 44 patients with renal cell carcinoma
      in Stage 4 were admitted to our hospital. Of these, 18 patients were treated with
      an embolization procedure, 8 patients had nephrectomy without embolization, and
      another 18 patients received no active treatment. Except for the treatment there
      were no differences between these groups. The survival time was equal whether or
      not the patients underwent an angioinfarction procedure. We conclude that the
      embolization procedure has no beneficial effect in itself in these patients.

PMID- 4071865
TI  - Frequent occurrence of renal calculi in tuberculous kidneys in Israel.
AB  - The incidence of renal calculi among renal tuberculous patients, hospitalized
      during thirty years in a medical center, was evaluated. It was found to be 24.5
      per cent, most probably the highest figure so far reported in the medical
      literature.

PMID- 4071866
TI  - Management of perirenal hematoma found during laparotomy in patient with multiple
      injuries.
AB  - The medical records of 158 patients with perirenal hematoma found during
      laparotomy for intra-abdominal injury from external trauma were analyzed. Small
      perirenal hematomas were usually associated with renal contusions and renal
      artery thrombosis, while large perirenal hematomas often were present with large
      renal lacerations, renal ruptures, and renal pedicle injuries with rupture of the
      renal vein, renal artery, polar artery, or branch of the renal artery. The
      management of the perirenal hematoma found during laparotomy depends on the
      degree of the underlying renal injury and not on the size or extent of the
      perirenal hematoma.

PMID- 4071867
TI  - Subclinical papilloma viral infection of male genitalia.
AB  - One hundred male patients with a history of genital condylomata were evaluated by
      the use of 3% acetic acid staining of their external genitalia. In 36 per cent
      positive aceto-white areas were discovered on the shaft of the penis (flat
      condylomata), and a 35 per cent meatal-urethral involvement, suggesting that flat
      and exophytic condylomata of the shaft and urethra are the most logical reservoir
      for transmitting the HPV infection to the female genitourinary tract.

PMID- 4071868
TI  - Ureteral endometriosis: an endoscopic diagnosis.
AB  - A case of ureteral endometriosis is reported. This is the first case diagnosed
      during a ureteropyeloscopic examination.

PMID- 4071870
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of cervix metastatic to ileal loop.
AB  - A case is presented of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix with an isolated
      metastasis to an ileal loop six years after diversion and seven years after
      definitive treatment of the primary lesion with irradiation.

PMID- 4071869
TI  - Dominantly inherited ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
AB  - We report on siblings from two families with unilateral ureteropelvic junction
      obstruction. HLA studies were undertaken and found to be a useful marker between
      affected members. We believe that incomplete penetrance with variable expression
      is the most probable mode of transmission of this disorder.

PMID- 4071871
TI  - Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in association with pulmonary metastases from
      carcinoma of bladder.
AB  - Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy secondary to metastases from carcinoma of the
      bladder is reported in a seventy-year-old man. A review of the literature has not
      revealed an association of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy with pulmonary
      metastases from carcinoma of the bladder.

PMID- 4071872
TI  - Cavernosography in diagnosis of penile metastases secondary to bladder cancer.
AB  - This is a case report of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder which
      metastasized to lymph nodes, bone, and the penis. The penile metastases were
      demonstrated by cavernosography. Secondary tumors in the penis are rare. They
      presage a bad prognosis and a rapid demise; the patients survive an average of
      four months.

PMID- 4071873
TI  - The Edelman percutaneous appliance.

PMID- 4071874
TI  - Accurate obturator nerve block in transurethral surgery.

PMID- 4071875
TI  - Interstitial Leydig cell tumor of testis.

PMID- 4071876
TI  - Retention secondary to urethral stricture in the female.

PMID- 4071877
TI  - Electromyographic study of bulbocavernosus muscle in 15 patients with
      postmicturition dribbling.
AB  - Fifteen patients with postmicturition dribbling were studied with
      cystourethroscopy and electromyography of the bulbocavernosus muscle. In all
      patients the bulbocavernosus reflex and activity of the muscle during and after
      micturition were normal. No abnormality was found to explain the clinical
      symptoms.

PMID- 4071878
TI  - Hyperbaric medicine.

PMID- 4071879
TI  - Hyperbaric medicine--demonstration cases.

PMID- 4071880
TI  - Immunization practice--1983.

PMID- 4071881
TI  - Atherosclerosis: a new look at an old problem.

PMID- 4071882
TI  - Burn injury: panel presentation.

PMID- 4071883
TI  - Aging and nutrition--can diet affect life span?

PMID- 4071884
TI  - Frequency distribution of electrocardiographic abnormalities in healthy men and
      their correlation with coronary artery disease.

PMID- 4071885
TI  - Exercise testing in healthy men.

PMID- 4071886
TI  - The use of specialized testing to evaluate electrocardiographic abnormalities as
      risks for coronary disease.

PMID- 4071887
TI  - The epidemiology of asymptomatic coronary artery disease.

PMID- 4071888
TI  - Metabolic bone disease.

PMID- 4071889
TI  - Epidemiology of diabetes and coronary heart disease among Mexican-Americans.

PMID- 4071891
TI  - Observations on genetic differentiation in Peromyscus.

PMID- 4071890
TI  - Intergradation of Osage and broad-banded copperheads in Kansas.

PMID- 4071892
TI  - [Characteristics of reconstructive operations in combined aortoiliac and
      femoropopliteal occlusions].
AB  - The article analyzes results of 123 primary operations for associated lesions of
      the aorto-iliac and femoro-popliteal segments. The authors consider that in
      overwhelming majority of patients the blood flow may be reestablished via the
      profound artery of the femur after its plasty. In patients with a wild stenosis
      of the femoral artery due to thickening of the intima in the zone of distal
      anastomosis no endarterectomy should be performed.

PMID- 4071893
TI  - [Plastic surgery of the sequelae of suppurative mastitis].
AB  - Results of the surgical correction of consequences of purulent mastitis in 53
      patients with 73 plastic operations are described. They were aimed at elimination
      of scarring deformation and asymmetry and restoration of the volume and form of
      the breast. Specific features of the surgical technique for performing the
      reconstructive-restorative operations in this group of patients are described.

PMID- 4071894
TI  - [Treatment of chronic anal fissures in the polyclinic].

PMID- 4071895
TI  - [Subungual de novo melanoma of the toe of the right foot].

PMID- 4071896
TI  - [Errors and hazards in the diagnosis and treatment of acute gastrointestinal
      hemorrhages of peptic etiology].

PMID- 4071897
TI  - [Rare posttraumatic lesion of the heart].

PMID- 4071898
TI  - [Multiple complications of acute hematogenic osteomyelitis in a child].

PMID- 4071899
TI  - [Pyloric muscle dilator].

PMID- 4071900
TI  - [A collapsible bougie-guide for operations on tendons].

PMID- 4071901
TI  - [Postresection gastritis from the immunological viewpoint].
AB  - The aim of the investigation was to study the "predisposing" conditions and risk
      factors in latent period of the development of gastric stump cancer in patients
      after gastric resection for pyloroduodenal ulcers. The authors consider the
      conditions preceding the appearance of gastric stump cancer to be the growing
      strain of the lymphoplasmocellular infiltration of the resected stomach mucosa in
      association with the decreased activity of cell immunity.

PMID- 4071902
TI  - [Increase in body resistance to surgery in peptic ulcer patients].
AB  - The investigations have shown that the routine preoperative preparation fails to
      exert a marked positive influence on the parameters of nonspecific resistance of
      the organism. The employment of the original authors' system of preoperative
      preparation in patients with ulcer disease results in the elevation of natural
      resistance of the organism, better endurance to operation.

PMID- 4071903
TI  - [Kidney function in acute pancreatitis].
AB  - Disturbances of the urinary system were revealed in 59,3% of patients with acute
      pancreatitis. The timely treatment of renal insufficiency has favourable
      influence on the outcome of the disease. Patients with the history of acute
      pancreatitis should be subjected to follow-up observations in the urological
      unit.

PMID- 4071904
TI  - [Experience in using endoscopic retrograde pancreatocholangiography].

PMID- 4071905
TI  - [Surgery of complicated aneurysms of the abdominal aorta].
AB  - Results of the surgical treatment of 107 patients with a complicated aneurysm of
      the abdominal aorta are presented. The general lethality for the period from 1966
      to 1984 was 49,5%. In the recent years the postoperative lethality in patients
      with ruptured aneurysms has been reduced from 79,4% to 47,2%, in patients with
      threatening ruptures from 41,6% to 16%. The positive changes were due to a number
      of factors: less amount of prehospital diagnostic errors; earlier admission to
      the hospital, better urgent diagnosis of the abnormality by up-to-date non
      invasive methods of examination (ultrasonic scanning, computer tomography,
      radionuclide angiography); using balloon catheters obturating the aorta above the
      ruptured aneurysm for temporary preoperative arrest of bleeding; selection of a
      less traumatic method of operation of the aneurysm resection without dissection
      of the aorta with intra-aortal prosthesis specific under conditions of the HBO
      operating room; better resuscitation and anesthesiologic aid for this critical
      category of patients.

PMID- 4071906
TI  - [Genesis of the pancreatographic manifestations of chronic pancreatitis].
AB  - Processes of transformation of the volume and shape of the major pancreatic duct
      are responsible for pathological pancreatograms. Restricted motility of the gland
      lobules disposed on its frontal surface in projection of the major pancreatic
      duct in chronic pancreatitis underlies the formation of pathological
      pancreatograms.

PMID- 4071907
TI  - [Local noncircumscribed peritonitis in acute appendicitis].
AB  - An analysis of 280 clinical observations of acute appendicitis complicated by
      local noncircumscribed peritonitis was performed. It was shown that the pathology
      was characterized by more acute clinical course, later time of operative
      interventions, greater amount of postoperative complications and longer staying
      at the hospital. In the treatment of appendicitis complicated by local
      peritonitis main attention must be given to sanitation of the abdominal cavity
      and complex postoperative management after appendectomy.

PMID- 4071908
TI  - [Hemodynamic and homeostatic effects of the isoperistaltic preparation of the
      large intestine in colorectal surgery].
AB  - Whole-gut irrigation was used in 471 observations in 411 patients. High
      efficiency of the method of preparation of the intestine for colorectal procedure
      or endoscopy was shown. Whole-gut irrigation does not exert a substantial
      influence on vital functions and homeostasis of the patients. Main
      contraindications for using the method of a rapid purgation are the following:
      colonic obstruction, severe arterial hypertension, considerable cardio-pulmonary
      incompetence and renal insufficiency.

PMID- 4071909
TI  - [Notes on the hemostatic effect of the cryodestruction of bone tumors].
AB  - Cryodestruction is a comparatively new method in orthopedic oncology used for the
      treatment of bone tumors and not practised on a large scale in the clinic. The
      work elucidates peculiarities of the postoperative period observed in 112
      patients with bone tumors after exposure to cryogenic procedures. The "hemostatic
      effect" following cryodestruction of tumors and tumoral injuries of bones is
      critically analyzed.

PMID- 4071910
TI  - [Effect of levamisole on the immunological reactivity of patients with chronic
      postoperative osteomyelitis].
AB  - Clinical observations of 31 patients have shown that levamisole promotes the
      improvement of immunological indices in patients with chronic postoperative
      osteomyelitis. In a group of patients treated with levamisole good results were
      obtained in 84%, while in the group of patients treated without levamisole good
      results were obtained in 63,9%.

PMID- 4071911
TI  - [Phlegmon of the gastric stump with perforation in the early postoperative
      period].

PMID- 4071912
TI  - [Cyst of the duodenum].

PMID- 4071913
TI  - [Liver resection in opisthorchiasis].

PMID- 4071914
TI  - [Acute cholecystitis in complete situs inversus viscerum].

PMID- 4071915
TI  - [Use of a ginseng tincture in the combined treatment of acute pancreatitis
      patients].

PMID- 4071916
TI  - [Surgical treatment of rectovaginal fistulae of traumatic origin].

PMID- 4071917
TI  - [Isoperistaltic irrigation of the large intestine].

PMID- 4071918
TI  - [Surgical treatment of aneurysms of the palmar arch].

PMID- 4071919
TI  - [Function of the facial soft tissues after parotidectomy].

PMID- 4071920
TI  - [Elimination of flexion contracture of the hip].

PMID- 4071921
TI  - [Classification of combined chest and abdominal wounds].
AB  - On the basis of their experience with the treatment of 166 patients with injuries
      of the chest and abdomen the authors mark out simultaneous thoracoabdominal and
      abdomino-thoracal wounds. Among thoracoabdominal wounds there are trans- and
      extrapleural wounds with injuries of the central and peripheral portions of the
      diaphragm. Abdomino-thoracal wounds may be trans- and extraperitoneal and can
      penetrate into the pleural, pericardial and mediastinal cavities. This type of
      associated wounds of the chest and abdomen is most dangerous since in one third
      of the patients it includes wounds of the heart which are difficult for
      diagnosis.

PMID- 4071922
TI  - [Etiology of trauma and diagnosis in road traffic injuries].
AB  - Recognition of injuries on victims of vehicular fatalities should be performed
      with the help of means of precise instrumental diagnosis on the basis of
      information about the etiology of the injury which should be contained in the
      medical documents.

PMID- 4071923
TI  - [Gallbladder injuries].
AB  - Injuries of the gall bladder were studied in 16 patients. Typical mechanisms of
      the trauma, clinical picture of the abruption, rupture of the bladder and knife
      wounds are established. Errors in the surgeon's actions are analyzed.
      Recommendations are given.

PMID- 4071924
TI  - [Successful treatment of the victim of an extensive perineal and pelvic wound
      complicated by anaerobic gas infection].

PMID- 4071925
TI  - [Combined injuries of the the pelvic bones and urethral canal in children].
AB  - Associated injuries of pelvic bones and urethra were observed in 50 children. The
      clinical picture, diagnosis and methods of treatment are described with special
      reference to time gone after trauma. The most effective method of treatment of
      ruptured urethra is thought to be putting the primary suture.

PMID- 4071926
TI  - [Pneumoperitoneum as a complication of destructive pneumonia and tension
      pyopneumothorax in a child].

PMID- 4071927
TI  - [Cyst of the common bile duct in a child].

PMID- 4071928
TI  - [Microsurgical autograft in children and adolescents].
AB  - Children make up 18% of 238 patients subjected to autotransplantation of tissues
      with the help of microsurgical technique. The reestablishment of blood
      circulation was reached in all the operations by making microvascular
      anastomoses. The results obtained show that the microsurgical autotransplantation
      of tissues can be successfully used in children and juveniles and is a
      perspective method.

PMID- 4071929
TI  - Barium selenate injections in cattle: effects on selenium concentrations in
      plasma and liver and residues at site of injection.
AB  - Twenty Angus cross heifers were fed a complete diet which contained 0.07 mg
      selenium/kg dry matter. Thirteen were injected subcutaneously with barium
      selenate at a dose rate of approximately 1 mg selenium/kg bodyweight and seven
      remained untreated. All the heifers were slaughtered during the following 121
      days, the last of the treated group 119 days after injection. Glutathione
      peroxidase activity in blood increased within four weeks of administration and
      remained high thereafter. The selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase activity
      did not increase in liver kidney or muscle. The concentrations of selenium in the
      blood, liver and muscle were increased significantly from 30 days until 119 days.
      Between 76 and 99 per cent of the selenium injected remained at the site of
      injection.

PMID- 4071930
TI  - Mitigation of the response of Friesian calves to live Babesia bovis vaccine by
      treatment with long acting oxytetracycline.
AB  - Forty 11- to 13-month-old Friesian calves were inoculated with live Babesia bovis
      vaccine. Twenty of the calves were treated with long acting oxytetracycline seven
      and 15 days after receiving the vaccine. Parasites were detected in nine of the
      treated calves compared with all 20 of the untreated control group. Treated
      calves were less febrile and had higher packed cell volumes than control animals.
      All calves from both groups developed a considerable antibody titre to B bovis.
      It appears that long acting oxytetracycline can mitigate the response of
      sensitive cattle breeds to live antibabesial vaccine and prevent damage caused by
      excessive multiplication of B bovis parasites.

PMID- 4071931
TI  - Watery mouth in lambs.

PMID- 4071932
TI  - Comparison of the serum pharmacokinetics of a long acting and a conventional
      oxytetracycline injection.
AB  - A crossover study was carried out in cattle to determine the serum
      pharmacokinetics of a standard dose (20 mg/kg bodyweight) of oxytetracycline
      given either as a conventional injectable formulation or as a long acting
      formulation. For reference purposes, an intravenous treatment (also given at 20
      mg/kg) was included in the trial protocol. A comparison of the two treatment
      regimes showed that the long acting formulation gave a significantly lower peak
      oxytetracycline serum concentration, with a significant extension of drug serum
      concentration. The long acting formulation also showed a longer serum half life
      and a significantly greater area under the curve value, calculated from 36 hours
      onwards, together with serum oxytetracycline concentrations which exceeded 0.5
      microgram/ml for 86.8 as opposed to 51.5 hours for the conventional formulation.
      It is concluded that the use of the long acting formulation in cattle leads to a
      more sustained serum oxytetracycline concentration than does the same dose of
      conventional formulation.

PMID- 4071933
TI  - Newcastle disease outbreaks in fowl in Great Britain during 1984.
AB  - During February to July 1984, 23 outbreaks of Newcastle disease were confirmed in
      chickens in Great Britain. Use of available mouse monoclonal antibodies enabled
      unequivocal identification of the virus responsible for 22 of the outbreaks as
      similar to the avian paramyxovirus type 1 (A/PMV-1) virus causing neurotropic
      disease in pigeons during 1983 and 1984. Epidemiological investigations presented
      evidence that 19 of these outbreaks occurred either directly or indirectly as a
      result of spread from diseased pigeons infesting food stores at Liverpool docks.
      Virus was isolated from carcases of pigeons found among the food and samples of
      the food itself. The remaining outbreak was shown to involve a virus unrelated to
      the virus infecting pigeons.

PMID- 4071934
TI  - Oestrous cycles, oestrus and ovulation of the zebu in the Mexican tropics.
AB  - The length of the oestrous cycle, oestrus and the time of ovulation were assessed
      in 20 adult, non-lactating zebu cows over 53 consecutive days of observation.
      Oestrus was detected at 30-minute observation periods daily. Peripheral blood
      samples were collected twice weekly for progesterone determination. To measure
      the length of the synchronised oestrous period, 10 cows with a palpable corpus
      luteum were injected with prostaglandin F2 alpha and continuously observed for 96
      hours. Two cows at a time were exposed to a bull with a deviated penis for five
      minutes every three hours during this period. To measure the length of the
      natural oestrus, eight of the 10 cows from the previous experiment were
      continuously observed from day 21 after prostaglandin injection. They were kept
      during the daytime in a field with two teaser bulls and at night in a cattle pen
      where they were exposed to a teaser bull every three hours. Oestrus was
      considered to occur when the cow stood to be mounted. Ovulation was detected by
      rectal palpation every three hours in five cows starting six hours after
      receptivity commenced until ovulation took place. The length of the oestrous
      cycle was 20.1 +/- 1.9 days; 20 per cent of the animals did not show oestrus
      although their progesterone levels demonstrated that they were cycling. Two cows
      showed oestrus following prostaglandin F2 alpha injection although they were
      cycling as revealed by serum progesterone. Five animals showed behavioural
      oestrus around 118 hours after injection and following their release. Oestrus
      duration was 15.3 +/- 6.0 hours and ovulation occurred 28.2 +/- 5.0 hours after
      the start of the period of sexual receptivity.

PMID- 4071935
TI  - Effect of xylazine and ketamine on intraocular pressure in horses.
AB  - Intraocular pressure was measured with a MacKay-Marg tonometer in eight horses
      following auriculopalpebral nerve block and topical application of lignocaine.
      Measurements were recorded before and after xylazine, 1.1 mg/kg intravenously,
      every two minutes for 16 minutes after administration of ketamine, 2.2 mg/kg
      intravenously, and after recovery from anaesthesia. Before xylazine, intraocular
      pressure was 17.1 +/- 3.9 and 18.4 +/- 2.2 mm Hg in the left and right eyes,
      respectively. Intraocular pressure tended to decrease after administration of
      xylazine and ketamine, with a significant decrease in one eye six minutes after
      injection of ketamine.

PMID- 4071936
TI  - Horse diarrhoea: Clostridium tetani as a cause of misdiagnosis of enterotoxaemia.

PMID- 4071937
TI  - Hypocalcaemia in ewes.

PMID- 4071938
TI  - Chelonian hibernation.

PMID- 4071939
TI  - Canine fucosidosis.

PMID- 4071940
TI  - Survival rate of lambs after an injection of ewe's serum.

PMID- 4071941
TI  - Infectious stunting syndrome: evidence of vertical transmission.
AB  - Day-old broiler chicks were collected while in transit from a hatchery to a farm
      and reared in isolation. These chicks did not develop clinical signs of
      infectious stunting syndrome. When they were 14 days old, susceptible day-old
      chicks were placed in contact with them and these subsequently developed typical
      signs and lesions of the disease.

PMID- 4071942
TI  - Methods of copper supplementation to cattle.

PMID- 4071943
TI  - Rinderpest outbreak in free-living wildlife in Nigeria.

PMID- 4071945
TI  - Suspected cerebrocortical necrosis in the steenbok.

PMID- 4071944
TI  - Goat hyperimmune serum for the diagnosis of peste des petit ruminants.

PMID- 4071946
TI  - The dangers of 'alternative' treatments.

PMID- 4071947
TI  - Ragwort poisoning in horses.

PMID- 4071948
TI  - Lactic acid as a decontaminant in slaughter and processing procedures.
AB  - An attempt was made to interrelate the data obtained in experiments conducted by
      our Department along beef, veal and pig slaughter lines, using lactic acid (LA)
      for the decontamination of carcasses, cold and hot boned primal cuts, slaughter
      byproducts, and butcher's knives. First and foremost it was observed, that
      provided Good Manufacturing Practices are strictly followed, the microbial load
      of carcass surfaces will be substantially reduced. LA-decontamination may result
      in an additional reduction. Since in the early post-mortem period bacteria are
      not yet attached to the meat surface, LA-decontamination should preferably be
      applied to the hot carcass. It was demonstrated that, dependent on mode and
      duration of application, LA sprays not exceeding 1% v/v (beef), 1.25% v/v (veal)
      and 1.5% v/v (pork) resulted in acceptable carcass colour scores. Blood spots,
      which are particularly prone to discolouration by lactic acid application, should
      be removed at an early post-mortem stage e.g. by strong showering. The difference
      in surface pH between LA-treated and control carcasses disappeared within 72
      hours post-mortem. Veal longissimus chops treated with LA solutions up to 2% v/v
      were not identified by a consumer taste panel as significantly different from
      controls. The 'immediate' bactericidal effect of LA-decontamination for beef,
      veal and pig carcasses, as well as for pig liver and veal brain, amounted to
      approximately 1.5 log cycles for the aerobic colony counts, strongly dependent on
      substrate and conditions of decontamination. In addition, a 'delayed'
      bacteriostatic effect was observed during storage, which is probably the result
      of a prolonged lag phase of acid-injured micro-organisms surviving lactic acid
      decontamination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4071949
TI  - The incidence of Chorioptes bovis (Acarina: Psoroptidae) on the feet of horses,
      sheep, and goats in the Netherlands.
AB  - The feet of horses, sheep, and goats of different breeds and from many different
      localities were examined for Chorioptes bovis. In horses, mites were mainly found
      in the Belgian and Frisian breeds (40% and 62% infected, respectively). In sheep
      and goats, respectively 63% and 86% were infected. In horses as well as in sheep
      and goats, mange-lesions were rarely seen. A number of sheep and goats were
      examined for mites and lesions quantitatively. In sheep all mites were restricted
      to the region close to the accessory digits and the claws. In goats the average
      number of mites was higher than in sheep, and mites could be found on all
      locations of the feet at least as far as the carpal and tarsal joint. Both in
      sheep and goats the biggest density of mites was found just below the accessory
      digits. When crusts were present, they were generally small and hidden under the
      coat. In sheep, which were housed for a long period, crusts were seen more often
      and were more distinct than in pastured animals. A negative correlation between
      the number of mites and the presence and extensiveness of crusts was observed. A
      possible explanation for this phenomenon is suggested. From the results of this
      study it is clear that there is no necessity to list chorioptic mange in sheep
      and goats as a notifiable disease.

PMID- 4071950
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and renal clearance of oxytetracycline after intravenous and
      intramuscular administration to dairy cows.
AB  - Following intravenous administration of an oxytetracycline-HC1 and an
      oxytetracycline-dihydrate formulation to dairy cows, no statistical difference
      could be found between the pharmacokinetic parameters, derived from the three
      compartment model, of these preparations. Urinary recovery was continued for a
      period of 72 h following intravenous or intramuscular OTC administration. The
      recovery of OTC in the urine in the 72-h period was in the range of 73% to 96% of
      the available dose administered. The renal OTC clearance, the renal creatinine
      clearance, the urinary flow, and the interrelationships of these were determined
      on the basis of urine and plasma data. The mean OTC renal clearance ranged from
      482 to 1050 ml/min and the creatinine clearance from 651 to 1304 ml/min. The OTC
      and creatinine clearances were significantly correlated to the urine flow up to
      30 ml/min. The total body clearance and renal clearance values were of the same
      order of magnitude, and along with the urine recovery data they provided evidence
      of predominantly renal route of OTC elimination in dairy cows. The renal OTC
      elimination is the net result of mainly glomerular filtration, partly tubular
      secretion, minus reabsorption in the urogenital tract.

PMID- 4071951
TI  - Comparative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of eight parenteral
      oxytetracycline-10% formulations in dairy cows.
AB  - In plasma and milk the oxytetracycline (OTC) concentrations were determined
      following a single intramuscular administration of eight 10%-formulations to
      dairy cows at a dose of approximately 5 mg/kg. Two of these formulations were
      injected intravenously to obtain reference values of the drug's pharmacokinetic
      parameters. The eight formulations were compared and evaluated
      pharmacokinetically with respect to absorption rate, peak plasma and milk OTC
      concentrations, biological half-life, and relative bioavailability. The mean
      maximum plasma OTC concentrations, ranging from 2.0 to 4.1 micrograms/ml, were
      achieved between 4 and 12 hours post injection, depending on the formulation
      involved. The mean maximum milk OTC concentrations, in the range between 0.92 and
      1.43 micrograms/ml, were achieved 12 to 24 h p.i. The OTC milk concentration-time
      profile ran parallel to the OTC plasma concentration-time profile. After
      intravenous administration the time for the appearance of OTC in milk was shorter
      (1-2 hours p.i.), the peak milk OTC concentration was higher (1.7-1.9
      micrograms/ml) and achieved earlier (6-8 h p.i.), and the OTC persistence in milk
      shorter than after i.m. administration. Formulations exhibiting the lowest
      clinically noticeable irritation showed the most favourable pharmacokinetic
      characteristics: rapid absorption with the highest peak plasma OTC concentrations
      and good bioavailability. The plasma and milk protein binding for OTC was
      respectively 71.7 +/- 7.4% and 84.8 +/- 5.45%. Withdrawal times for milk and
      edible tissues are presented on the basis of preset tolerance or detection
      limits.

PMID- 4071952
TI  - Streptococcus suis infections in pigs in the Netherlands (Part I).
AB  - Data are presented on the incidence of various streptococcal infections in pigs
      in the Netherlands. 314 Strains isolated in the course of routine post-mortem
      diagnosis were examined. The most frequently occurring streptococcus was S.
      subacidus (bio) type II which was isolated in 31.2% of the cases. S. suis type 2
      (Serogroup R) and S. equisimilis (Serogroup C) constituted 16.2% and 13.7% of the
      isolates respectively. Besides meningitis, endocarditis and polyserositis S. suis
      type 2 infections may frequently be associated with pneumonia (42%). The
      biochemical profiles of the various S. suis and S. subacidus (bio) types are
      presented. The profile of both species is almost identical. It seems justified to
      use the name S. suis for strains with this characteristic profile and to abandon
      the name S. subacidus. Haemolysis does not appear to be a suitable characteristic
      to screen for S. subacidus/S. suis types. In comparing three serological methods
      for typing S. suis type 2, gel precipitation using Fuller's extract and slide
      agglutination give an almost 100% correlation. These two methods are recommended
      for serotyping.

PMID- 4071953
TI  - Biological and pathological aspects of the mammalian small intestinal
      permeability to macromolecules.
AB  - The literature on the biology and pathology of mammalian small intestinal
      permeability to macromolecules is reviewed. In mammals, macromolecules may
      penetrate the epithelial layer of the small intestinal mucosa, especially in the
      neonatal period. The neonatal uptake and transport of immunoglobulins is
      important in the acquisition of passive immunity in the newborn. In the mature
      small intestine the uptake of macromolecules almost ceases, except in M-cells.
      Excessive uptake and transport of macromolecules has been demonstrated in several
      experimental and spontaneous gastrointestinal diseases, in which increased
      concentration of macromolecules in the small intestinal lumen and/or damage of
      one or more components of the small intestinal mucosal barrier is present.
      Finally, methods to study macromolecular permeation of the small intestine are
      discussed.

PMID- 4071954
TI  - Biology and pathology of the intestinal M-cell. A review.
AB  - The literature of the intestinal M-cell, which is part of the epithelium covering
      the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), is reviewed. Attention is paid to the
      localization, structure, origin and function of this cell, under both normal and
      pathological conditions.

PMID- 4071955
TI  - [Complex clinical and roentgenoendoscopic diagnosis of the gastric diaphragm in
      adults].

PMID- 4071956
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of congenital hepatic fibrosis in children].

PMID- 4071957
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of small-size colonic cancer].

PMID- 4071958
TI  - [State of the colon after Hartmann's operation based on x-ray data].

PMID- 4071960
TI  - [Angiographic indices of extra-intracranial microanastomoses of cerebral
      arteries].

PMID- 4071959
TI  - [Clinical and x-ray picture of neurogenic disorders of the bladder and distal
      portions of the colon in pathology of the terminal section of the spinal cord].

PMID- 4071961
TI  - [Quantitative assessment of a subjective factor in the analysis of general and
      regional contractility during the evaluation of contrast ventriculography data].

PMID- 4071962
TI  - [Clinical and x-ray diagnosis of cardiac myxomas].

PMID- 4071963
TI  - [Computed tomography in acute closed cranio-cerebral trauma. 2. Diagnosis of
      subarachnoid hemorrhages].

PMID- 4071964
TI  - [Analysis of the image quality in highly-detailed x-rays of the hand
      (experimental study)].

PMID- 4071965
TI  - [Dosimetric basis for the use of gastrofluorography in mass screening].

PMID- 4071966
TI  - [Differential diagnostic signs of proliferative and non-proliferative mastopathy,
      based on x-ray morphologic comparisons].

PMID- 4071967
TI  - [Method of accelerated dose fractionation in the radiotherapy of patients with
      rectal cancer].

PMID- 4071968
TI  - [2 cases of nonspecific regional stenosing esophagitis].

PMID- 4071969
TI  - [Differential x-ray diagnosis of early postoperative complications after
      resection of the stomach].

PMID- 4071970
TI  - [Cholecysto- and cholangiography in the determination of the degree of surgical
      risk in patients with stomach cancer].

PMID- 4071971
TI  - [Dynamic observation of changes in the stomach and small intestine of patients
      with chronic enterocolitis].

PMID- 4071972
TI  - [Case of atypical mediastinal lymphogranulomatosis].

PMID- 4071973
TI  - [Osteoblastoclastoma of the ribs assumed to be an echinococcal cyst].

PMID- 4071974
TI  - [Potentialities of "blind" large frame fluorography in the diagnosis and
      evaluation of the results of radiotherapy in esophageal cancer].

PMID- 4071975
TI  - Serological investigations on the presence of antibodies to tick-borne
      encephalitis virus in domestic animals and birds and in humans.
AB  - The presence of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis
      virus was investigated in serum samples from domestic animals (217 from swine,
      214 from cattle, 179 from goats and 161 from sheep) and birds (214 from geese and
      171 from ducks), as well as from 511 apparently healthy subjects of a biotope
      with particular ornithological and entomological characteristics. The proportion
      of positive reactions was very low in cattle (1.4%) and goats (1.1%) and more
      elevated in humans (11.3%). All the serum samples from swine, sheep, geese and
      ducks gave negative serological results.

PMID- 4071976
TI  - Algorithms for automated ultramicroanalysis by bichromatic paper disk
      spectrophotometry.
AB  - Three types of methods for bichromatic paper disk spectrophotometry are described
      and illustrated by the detailed presentation of procedures for the dosage of
      hemoglobin and protein (with some applications in virology), as well as for
      glucose determination. The general algorithms that would make possible the
      automation of these methods by means of programmable systems are presented.

PMID- 4071977
TI  - Dynamics of neutralizing secretory influenza antibodies after nasal
      administration of the NIVGRIP trivalent influenza vaccine.
AB  - The trivalent inactivated NIVGRIP influenza vaccine was administered by nasal
      route to 26 young adults; a matched control group was represented by 19 subjects
      who received a placebo. Vaccination was followed by a higher proportion of rises
      in the level of neutralizing secretory antibodies (70-77%) than in that of serum
      HAI antibodies (19-42%) to the three influenza strains contained in the vaccine.
      Simultaneous rises in secretory antibody titers to three and two influenza
      antigens occurred in 50% and 23% of the vaccinees, respectively. The vaccine
      conferred a protection rate of 75%, as estimated by a 7-month clinical follow-up.

PMID- 4071978
TI  - Viral and rickettsial etiology of an outbreak of acute respiratory tract
      infection.
AB  - An outbreak of 111 cases of acute respiratory tract infection was recorded in a
      community of the town "T" in April-May 1984. The clinical picture was severer
      than usual; 28% of the cases had to be hospitalized, average absenteeism being as
      high as 26 days per case. Serological investigations demonstrated the previous
      circulation of influenza virus B/Singapore/222/79 and the simultaneous
      circulation during the outbreak of influenza virus A/England/333/80 (H1N1) and of
      Rickettsia burneti (as also ascertained by isolation in the chick embryo of the
      former and by visualization by immunofluorescence in exfoliated cells of the
      latter pathogen). The association of the two etiological agents appears to
      account for the severe and protracted course of the disease.

PMID- 4071979
TI  - Inactivation of inhibitor-resistant influenza virus by normal guinea pig sera.

PMID- 4071980
TI  - Differential effect of poly rI.rC and Newcastle disease virus on the expression
      of interferon and cellular genes in mouse cells.
AB  - The expression of type I murine interferon (MuIFN) genes and several other
      cellular genes was examined in poly rI.rC induced and Newcastle disease virus
      (NDV) infected mouse cells. Northern analysis of RNA from induced L cells
      revealed that the MuIFN-alpha s are expressed efficiently in NDV infected cells
      but only at low levels in poly rI.rC induced cells. MuIFN-beta 1, however, is
      expressed equally well in cells treated with poly rI.rC or infected with NDV. As
      shown by the use of a probe specific for poly rI.rC, interferon induction
      correlates with the cellular uptake of poly rI.rC into the cells. The relative
      levels of alpha and beta 1 mRNAs in the cells reached a maximum at 10 hr after
      the induction which indicates coordinate expression of alpha and beta 1
      interferon genes. The effect of viral infection on the expression of two murine
      genes coinduced with interferon (pMIF20/11 and pMIF3/10) and several cellular
      genes was also examined. While pMIF20/11 is an inducible gene, the pMIF3/10 gene
      is expressed constitutively in mouse L cells. Viral infection, but not poly rI.rC
      treatment, enhanced the expression of the pMIF3/10 gene, as well as two other
      cellular genes; H-2 and c-myc, however, the expression of beta-actin gene was
      unaltered. These data indicate that enhancement of gene expression in virus
      infected cells in not limited to the interferon system.

PMID- 4071981
TI  - Temporal modulation of the background affects the sensitization response of X-
      and Y-cells in the dLGN of cat.
AB  - The responses of X- and Y-cells to a small flashing test probe modulated at 2 Hz
      were measured as a function of the diameter of a concentric circular background.
      The background was either a static homogeneous disk, a flickered homogeneous
      disk, a static radially-vaned disk, or a rotating vaned disk, all of equivalent
      space- and time-averaged luminance. Variation of background diameter produced
      systematic changes in response that reflected general X- and Y-cell receptive
      field differences. Initial increases in background diameter decrease the response
      to the test probe ("desensitization") of both X- and Y-cells to a minimum level
      at a diameter that approximates the size of the receptive field center. Further
      increases in the background diameter result in an increase of the response to the
      test probe ("sensitization") that is very large for X-cells and much less for Y
      cells. Temporal modulation of the background does not alter the desensitization
      of X- or Y-cells, but strongly reduces the sensitization of X-cells. Temporal
      modulation of the background by flicker and by motion produced equivalent
      effects. These results are compared to similar human psychophysical tests used
      clinically. Implications concerning the mediation of psychophysical sensitization
      are also considered.

PMID- 4071982
TI  - Role of low and high spatial frequencies in the face-selective responses of
      neurons in the cortex in the superior temporal sulcus in the monkey.
AB  - There are neurons in the cortex in the anterior part of the superior temporal
      sulcus of the macaque monkey with visual responses selective for faces. One aim
      of the present study was to analyze further the information which leads them to
      respond, by measuring their responses to parametrically filtered stimuli. The
      responses of 32 such single neurons were measured to faces which were digitized,
      lowpass filtered at spatial frequencies of 2, 4, 8,...128 cycles/face, highpass
      filtered at frequencies of 4, 8,...64 cycles/face, and presented in random
      sequence using a video framestore. It was found that many of the neurons could
      respond to blurred images of faces, with a mean frequency at half-maximum
      amplitude of the neuronal response to the series of lowpass filtered images of
      faces of 3.3 cycles/face. Almost all the neurons had lowpass cutoff frequencies
      defined in this way below 8 cycles/face. Many of the neurons could also respond
      to images of faces in which the only information remaining was a limited amount
      of high spatial frequency edge information. The mean frequency at half-maximum
      amplitude of the neuronal response to the series of highpass filtered images of
      faces was 29.7 cycles/face. Almost all the neurons had highpass cutoff
      frequencies above 8 cycles/face. Thus, many of the neurons could respond to a
      lowpass and a highpass filtered image of a face even when these had no spatial
      frequencies in common. The mean separation between the lowpass and highpass
      cutoff frequencies was 3.2 octaves. For comparison, face recognition in man can
      be performed with images which contain only information up to 8 cycles/face, or
      with highpass filtered images which contain only information down to 8
      cycles/face. The response of the neurons was not always a smooth function of
      frequency, but could decrease as higher frequencies were included in the lowpass
      filtered images of faces, or as low frequencies were included in the highpass
      filtered images of faces. This indicates that information in certain frequency
      bands was able to inhibit these neurons. This was particularly likely to occur
      for the non-optimal face stimulus for a given neuron, indicating that the
      selectivity of these neurons to different faces was a combination of the
      excitation produced by some information in faces and inhibition produced by
      other.

PMID- 4071983
TI  - Adaptation to apparent motion.
AB  - A spot alternating between two positions can produce apparent motion (AM).
      Following prolonged inspection, the AM degenerates into flicker. This adaptation
      effect was found to depend on spacing and timing; the probability of seeing
      motion during a 30-sec inspection period declined linearly with log spatial
      separation (over a range from 0.1 to 1 deg), and with log alternation rate (over
      a range from 2 to 4.5 Hz). Cross-adaptation, in which subjects were adapted to
      one alternation rate and tested at another, showed that low alternation rates
      gave stronger motion signals than high rates did. Adaptation to real motion (RM)
      strongly suppressed AM, which suggests that AM must be stimulating the same
      neural pathways as RM. Flickering spots (i.e. in-phase flicker) produced less
      adaptation than did a spot alternating between two positions (i.e. counterphase
      flicker), so the adapting mechanism must be responding to relative temporal
      phase. Embedding the adapting spots in configurations of other spots, which
      altered the pattern of perceived adapting motion without altering the local
      retinal stimulation, minimized the adaption, so the adapting mechanism must be
      responding to the path of seen motion. Adaptation can be used to measure the
      strength of AM and shows that AM is strongest for small separations, low
      alternation rates and high luminance contrast.

PMID- 4071984
TI  - Active and passive smooth eye movements: effects of stimulus size and location.
AB  - We measured active smooth pursuit eye movements and passive smooth eye movements
      in the open-loop condition as subjects viewed moving stimuli of different sizes
      and at various retinal loci. Active movements have high gain and relatively large
      phase lag. Passive movements have lower gain and smaller phase lag, and occur
      with either foveal or eccentric stimuli. They appear to be similar or identical
      to optokinetic movements. Although different, active and passive movements show a
      similar increase in amplitude and phase lag as the size of the stimulus was
      increased. From these findings we suggest that: (1) The stimuli for the active
      movements are target position and velocity; (2) the stimulus for passive
      movements is target velocity; and (3) the active response to target velocity is
      related, in part, to the passive response and thus is related to optokinesis.

PMID- 4071985
TI  - Accuracy of spatial localizations near the time of saccadic eye movements.
AB  - Two-dimensional eye movements were recorded while subjects used a hammer to
      strike targets that were flashed-on briefly before, during or up to 750 msec
      after a horizontal saccade. Mean position of hammer blows was 20 min arc (SD = 67
      min arc) from the target when the only cue to target location was eye position.
      Position of responses varied slightly with time of target exposure relative to
      the saccade. These results show that observers can closely monitor small changes
      in eye position during and near the time of saccadic eye movements.

PMID- 4071986
TI  - Visual conspicuity of a moving dot, horizontal line segment or vertical line
      segment.
AB  - The effect of varying the retinal eccentricity of a moving target on its
      conspicuity were explored for targets whose shape, orientation, size and
      luminance were the same as the stationary background elements. The target was a
      dot, horizontal line segment, or vertical line segment. The main results were:
      (1) conspicuity increased monotically as a function of velocity for all of the
      cases. (2) The rate of the increase of conspicuity slowed down at around a
      velocity between 0.6 and 0.8 deg/sec (break in slope). (3) For individual
      subjects, the size of conspicuity area for a dot was not so different from that
      for a horizontal line segment, but it was very different from that for a vertical
      line segment. (4) The position of the break in slope shifted upward or downward
      from one another but not laterally. The results indicate that the conspicuity was
      not due to the sum of the outputs in movingness analyzing system (MAS, Transient
      channel) and displacement analyzing system (DAS, Sustained-channel), but due to
      one of them according to velocity of the moving element.

PMID- 4071987
TI  - The influence of nystagmoid oscillation on contrast sensitivity in normal
      observers.
AB  - Normal observers subjected to retinal image motion equivalent to that experienced
      by congenital nystagmats were found to display a contrast sensitivity function
      with characteristics similar to those shown by nystagmat observers. The
      amplitude, frequency and waveform (and hence foveation time) of nystagmic
      oscillation were varied, with alteration of the waveform producing the most
      significant effect on the contrast sensitivity function. The pseudocycloid
      waveform with the longest percentage foveation time per cycle was commensurate
      with the best visual resolution of medium-to-high spatial frequency targets. For
      all waveforms the length of the foveation period showed good correlation with
      visual resolution of the targets.

PMID- 4071988
TI  - The oscilloscopic view: retinal illuminance and contrast of point and line
      targets.
AB  - The specification of intensity of self-luminous point and line targets, such as
      those created on cathode-ray tubes, is discussed and methods are outlined for
      measuring it and deducing the resulting retinal illuminance. The calculations can
      be extended to the specification of contrast by combining them with the more
      traditional method of identifying the retinal illuminance provided by uniform
      backgrounds. Such values of contrast are not independent of observation distance.

PMID- 4071989
TI  - Effects of spatial separation and retinal eccentricity on two-dot vernier acuity.
AB  - Experiments investigated how vernier acuity for dot targets is affected by dot
      spatial separation and retinal eccentricity. Beck and Schwartz [Vision Res. 19,
      313-319, 1979] found that the vernier thresholds increased linearly with interdot
      separation from 7.5 to 30 min arc. Experiment 1 showed that the vernier
      thresholds increased linearly with interdot separation from 0.5 to 8 deg arc.
      Experiments 2 and 3 showed that moving the dots into the periphery while keeping
      the interdot separation constant increased the threshold little if at all. The
      results are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that there is (1) an
      encoding of dot positions in retinal coordinates, and (2) that the relative
      positions of the dots are made explicit in terms of the slope of the virtual line
      joining them. The increase in threshold with dot separation indicates that the
      visual system is unable to directly access and compare the retinal positions of
      the dots. The constancy of the threshold with eccentricity indicates that the
      visual system encodes the retinal positions of two well-separated dots as
      accurately in the periphery as in the fovea.

PMID- 4071990
TI  - A comparison of stereo and vernier acuity within spatial channels as a function
      of distance from fixation.
AB  - We have used DOG stimuli to selectively stimulate size tuned channels within the
      visual system in order to investigate the relationship between stereo and vernier
      acuity. We measured these acuities as a function of spatial frequency, retinal
      eccentricity and distance from the fixation point in depth. Both hyperacuities
      are poorer with low spatial frequencies but vernier was effected to a smaller
      extent. Vernier acuity deteriorated to a much greater degree than stereo acuity
      as retinal eccentricity increased up to 40 arc min. Stereo acuity was more
      dependent upon distance from the fixation point in depth than would be expected
      from the dependence of vernier acuity on retinal eccentricity. We conclude that
      there must be different limiting factors for the two hyperacuity tasks.

PMID- 4071991
TI  - Eye and head movements in the pigmented rat.
AB  - Vestibular, optokinetic, and spontaneous eye and head movements have been
      examined in the hooded rat. Eye movement range was 18-20 degrees, and frequency
      of ocular saccades was 5-20/min; there was a weak linkage of eye and head
      movements and a weak vestibulocollic reflex. Response to optokinetic stimulation
      with unity gain (eye velocity matches drum velocity) was seen only at velocities
      below 1 deg/sec; maximal eye velocity evoked by drum velocities of over 20
      deg/sec never exceeded 4-6 deg/sec. These motor responses were not altered by
      head movements: thus, gaze velocity is not improved by optocollic (head movement)
      responses, and such optocollic activity occurs only when substantial retinal
      image motion is present.

PMID- 4071992
TI  - Red-green opponency in the detection and the perceptual hue cancellation.
AB  - We show how the red-green antagonism in the detection process is related to the
      red-green antagonism in the hue cancellation. By measuring the incremental
      redness or greenness thresholds for bichromatic mixtures, the red-green
      antagonism was determined at color threshold and in the perceptual hue
      cancellation. By measuring the detection threshold for bichromatic mixtures, the
      red-green antagonism was determined at detection threshold. There was agreement
      among the red-green antagonisms at detection threshold, at color threshold and in
      the perceptual hue cancellation.

PMID- 4071993
TI  - Two temporal phases, brightness-dependent and -independent, in the chromatic
      response elicited by a briefly-flashed monochromatic light: a preliminary report.
AB  - The strength of chromatic response elicited by a briefly-flashed monochromatic
      light, which varied in its exposure duration, was measured with the "transient
      cancellation method" in Experiment 1. It was found that the chromatic response of
      a test color depended on brightness of the test field, up to the exposures of 100
      200 msec. But it began to decrease, independent of brightness of the field, at
      the longer durations. The above results were confirmed by Experiment 2, in which
      the perceived saturation of a colored light was estimated with the two
      alternative forced choice method. Those results were tentatively interpreted as
      indicating the two kinds of chromatic responses presumably originating at the
      different stages in the visual system. Some other psychophysical dada on color
      vision were briefly referred to in relation to the present results.

PMID- 4071994
TI  - Spatial and temporal selectivity of the human motion detection system.
AB  - Measurements were made of spatial frequency, orientation and temporal frequency
      selectivity of the visual motion system. The results suggest: (1) There exists in
      the motion system mechanisms selective for spatial frequency. The preferred
      spatial frequency varies considerably and extends down to at least 0.06 c/deg.
      (2) At all spatial frequencies (from 0.1 to 10 c/deg) there exist detectors
      selective for orientation which vary in (directed) orientation tuning to
      encompass 360 degrees. (3) The bandwidth of both spatial frequency and
      orientation selectivity vary inversely with spatial frequency: the lower the
      spatial frequency, the broader the bandwidth. (4) There exist two classes of
      temporally tuned detectors, one lowpass (sustained) and one bandpass (transient),
      of preferred temporal frequency of 7-13 Hz (depending on spatial frequency).

PMID- 4071995
TI  - Evidence for a range effect in the saccadic system.
AB  - There is general belief that saccadic eye movements almost always undershoot by
      about 10%. It has long been known, however, in manual tracking that there exists
      a response bias termed the range effect: small distances are overestimated while
      large distances are underestimated. The present experiments demonstrate that
      saccades also show a range effect. The use of two different sets of target
      distances that partially overlap each other showed that saccades can be made to
      systematically either overshoot or undershoot their targets depending on the
      locations of the other targets in the set.

PMID- 4071996
TI  - Lateral actions at the inner plexiform layer of the carp retina: effects of
      turning windmill pattern stimulus.
AB  - Lateral action from amacrine to ganglion cells was studied in the isolated carp
      retina by using a truncated windmill pattern (TWP). About 25% of ganglion cells
      of both "on" and "off" center types were suppressed or enhanced in firing
      activity in response to TWP turning. The suppressed cells were more sensitive to
      slow turning velocities of TWP than the enhanced cells. In the "on-off" type
      amacrine cells, a steady depolarizing or hyperpolarizing component (less than
      several mV) was maintained by stationary TWP, while the cells were exclusively
      depolarized by turning TWP at a wide range of velocities. These results suggest
      that individual responses of ganglion cells induced by both stationary and
      turning TWP are depending on a balance between two factors: the polarizing
      direction of steady components of the "on-off" amacrine cells and the polarizing
      direction of ganglion cells synaptically produced by the amacrine cells.

PMID- 4071997
TI  - The content and release of endogenous GABA in isolated horizontal cells of the
      goldfish retina.
AB  - The endogenous amino acid content of intact retinas and isolated horizontal cells
      was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In both of these
      preparations, the concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was
      approximately 2 mM. The endogenous GABA of the isolated horizontal cells was
      specifically released upon depolarization of the cells by elevated external K+
      concentrations. This K+ induced release of endogenous GABA has two components.
      There is a saturable, Ca2+-dependent portion which predominates with small
      depolarizations, and a Ca2+-independent fraction which is linearly dependent upon
      the membrane potential of the horizontal cells. The data presented suggest the
      possibility of a dual scheme for the release of GABA from goldfish horizontal
      cells. The first is a Ca2+-dependent, conventional synaptic release; and the
      second a Na+-driven, carrier mediated release, which is linearly dependent upon
      the cellular membrane potential and functions in the absence of extracellular
      Ca2+.

PMID- 4071998
TI  - Two types of cat retinal ganglion cells that are suppressed by contrast.
AB  - Despite some controversy in the literature, all available evidence indicates that
      cat retinal ganglion cells whose firing is suppressed by contrast are of two
      distinct types. The two types differ principally in whether they are suppressed
      tonically or transiently by contrast in the receptive field.

PMID- 4071999
TI  - Temporal information processing in cones: effects of light adaptation on temporal
      summation and modulation.
AB  - We have studied the temporal information processing of turtle cones in steady
      states of light adaptation using intracellular recording techniques. We measured
      the linear range incremental sensitivity of cones as a function of the stimulus
      duration. Linear range incremental sensitivity is a function of the background
      intensity. It is also proportional to the duration of short duration stimuli but
      is independent of duration for long duration stimuli. The plot of log sensitivity
      versus log stimulus duration displays two straight line asymptotes; a slope of
      one for short durations and a slope of zero for long durations. These asymptotes
      intersect at a time, the critical duration, which decreases with increasing
      background intensity. Linear systems theory was used to predict these results in
      addition to the interdependence of critical duration, response kinetics, and
      sensitivity for any state of adaptation. We have also calculated cone sensitivity
      as a function of sinusoidal frequency for a variety of background intensities.
      Correlations between these results and psychophysical studies suggest that the
      limits on temporal summation established by the cones appear not to be
      substantially altered by the rest of the retina.

PMID- 4072000
TI  - The distribution of photoreceptors, dopaminergic amacrine cells and ganglion
      cells in the retina of the North American opossum (Didelphis virginiana).
AB  - Quantitative light microscopic techniques have been applied to photoreceptors,
      ganglion cells and dopaminergic amacrine cells in the retina of the North
      American opossum Didelphis virginiana. This marsupial has a retina with a central
      areal specialization where ganglion cells reach a maximum density of 2900/mm2 and
      cone photoreceptors are concentrated. However, the retina is very much rod
      dominated and there is a ring of peak rod density approximately 2 mm around the
      area centralis (a.c.). At the a.c. the cone to rod ratio is 1:50 while in
      peripheral retina it is 1:120. Dopaminergic amacrines, revealed by induced
      fluorescence (Fa/Glu) techniques are extremely numerous in opossum retina
      reaching a peak density at the a.c. and distributed in a high density plateau
      covering much of tapetal superior retina. Opossum retina is compared to mammalian
      retinas, particularly cats, with the aim of understanding the evolution of
      mammalian retinal circuits.

PMID- 4072001
TI  - Apparent contrast of a sinusoidal grating in the simultaneous presence of
      peripheral gratings.
AB  - Apparent contrast of a vertical sinusoidal grating in the simultaneous presence
      of peripheral gratings was measured as a function of peripheral contrast, with
      test contrast, and relative phase and position of the two gratings as parameters.
      When the peripheral gratings were horizontally adjacent to the test grating,
      irrespective of the phase relation, the apparent contrast was raised in the range
      of peripheral contrast below the test contrast, but depressed in the range of
      peripheral contrast above the test contrast. When the peripheral gratings were
      vertically adjacent to the test grating, a similar tendency as mentioned above
      was observed under the in-phase condition. Under the opposite-phase condition,
      the apparent contrast was raised monotonically with an increase in peripheral
      contrast. These effects can be explained in terms of three processes of
      brightness induction, spatial summation and interaction between the spatial
      frequency selective mechanisms.

PMID- 4072002
TI  - Evidence on the local character of spatial frequency channels in the human visual
      system.
AB  - The question has been raised as to whether there exists any transfer of
      information between neighboring retinal areas following presentation of spatially
      limited optical stimuli. Our experiments were aimed at mechanisms by which
      spatial frequency information could be transferred from one part of the visual
      field to another. Within a 0.9 degree X 2.5 degree section of the 3.6 degree X
      2.5 degree testfield the observers adapt to a number of moving sinusoidally
      modulated brightness or hue gratings of different spatial frequencies. As known
      by many publications the sensitivity to spatial frequencies changes in the
      adapted area. We find that this influence on the contrast threshold decreases as
      the distance to the adaptation section increases. Hence our results suggest
      mechanisms within the visual system mathematically best described by a local
      spectrum analysis.

PMID- 4072003
TI  - Equating visibility of brief decrements: unconfounding duration and luminance.
AB  - A common procedure in visual psychophysics involves equating the visual
      effectiveness of brief luminous displays. It may be equally important to equate
      the effectiveness of brief interruptions, as when two displays are presented
      sequentially, separated by a variable interstimulus interval (ISI). For example,
      in a procedure devised by Phillips and Singer [Expl. Brain Res. 19, 493-506
      (1974)], the first display consisted of a random pattern of dots and the second
      display consisted of the same pattern, but with one added dot. Detectability of
      the added dot was presumed to be determined by interactions of transient neural
      events produced at the beginning and end of the ISI. Lengthening the ISI was
      believed to weaken progressively the magnitude of the neural interactions,
      resulting in poorer performance. But lengthening the ISI also increased its
      visual effectiveness (darkness). Using ISIs equated in visual effectiveness for
      durations from 10 to 320 msec, we found that the visual effectiveness of the
      interval, not its duration, was the prime determinant of performance. This
      finding requires a reinterpretation of the neural mechanisms being studied in the
      Phillips and Singer task.

PMID- 4072004
TI  - A three alternative tracking paradigm to measure vernier acuity of older infants.
AB  - Vernier acuity was measured in infants 1 to 14 months of age using a dynamic
      three alternative tracking paradigm. The location of the vernier offset would
      move randomly to one of three screen locations. An observer, unaware of the
      stimulus location, viewed the infant from behind a screen and guessed the
      position of the vernier offset. The magnitude of the vernier offset was
      controlled by a staircase and the results were analyzed using a broken line
      psychometric function. These thresholds were compared to thresholds obtained from
      the same infants during the same session with a two alternative forced choice
      preferential looking paradigm. Differences in the results of these two procedures
      and those reported previously in the literature are discussed in terms of the
      differences in the nature of the visual stimuli, one containing motion and one
      without motion.

PMID- 4072005
TI  - Detecting the displacement of periodic patterns.
AB  - Observers were asked to detect the direction of displacement of a 30 c/deg
      grating. They were virtually unable to perform this task when the component was
      presented alone but when either a 28 or a 32 c/deg component (neither of which
      moved) was added to the 30 c/deg component observers were extremely sensitive to
      displacements of the 30 c/deg component. These results suggest that the detection
      of displacements cannot take place within narrow-band spatial channels, but
      relies on a mechanism which compares the output of channels in different spatial
      positions.

PMID- 4072006
TI  - Spatial location and hyperacuity: the centre/surround localization contribution
      function has two substrates.
AB  - Vernier acuity and jump detection were investigated using a perturbation
      technique, in which a flanking line is placed to one side of the target line. The
      size and direction of vernier displacement, or jump, required for no apparent
      change of location is strongly influenced by the separation between the flanking
      line and the test line and by its polarity. For flanks within a zone extending
      approximately 3'-4' to either side of the target line, the target's location is
      assigned to a weighted centroid of the complete luminance distribution: The
      target is pulled towards the flank, when the flank has a positive contrast
      polarity, and repelled when the polarity is negative. The effects of a dark flank
      on one side and a bright flank on the other are additive. Outside this central
      zone repulsion effects are obtained independent of the contrast polarity of the
      flank and flanks on opposite sides of the target line can cancel each other's
      influence. Varying the duration of the flank produces maximal effects in the
      surround with shorter duration than that required for maximal effects in the
      centre. Thus, while the localization contribution function resembles the popular
      difference of gaussians receptive field profile, it has two components reflecting
      differing mechanisms. In the centre the earlier centroid hypothesis can be
      applied with the addition of distance dependent weights. The surround has
      characteristics resembling the feature interaction seen in figural after-effects.

PMID- 4072007
TI  - Infant astigmatism and meridional amblyopia.
AB  - The orientation preferences of 70 infants aged 7 to 53 weeks with significant
      astigmatism [1.0 or more diopters (D)] were measured using a preferential looking
      procedure with paired gratings. The preference data show the consequences of the
      blurring effects of astigmatism when these are not compensatable by
      accommodation. Data from infant astigmats tested with optical correction look
      like those of nonastigmats. We have found no evidence for the development of
      meridional amblyopia during the first year of life.

PMID- 4072008
TI  - Determinants of the spatial properties of cone-rod interaction.
AB  - Photopic increment thresholds can be elevated by 0.2-1.9 log units, depending on
      the diameter of a concentric scotopic background. This cone-rod interaction
      displays spatial properties that resemble the spatial sensitization (Westheimer
      effect) observed in the isolated scotopic and photopic systems. This raises the
      possibility that the spatial properties of the interaction are determined by the
      same mechanisms or pathways that determine the spatial properties of either
      scotopic or photopic vision. When annulus backgrounds are used, the spatial
      properties of interaction match those of the scotopic system but not the photopic
      system. When disk backgrounds are used, the spatial properties of interaction
      match those of neither photopic nor scotopic systems. Thus, under some
      conditions, the scotopic visual system alone is sufficient to determine the
      spatial properties of cone-rod interaction. Under other conditions, additional
      complications arise. The results are discussed in terms of the center-surround
      model that has previously been applied to cone-rod interaction.

PMID- 4072009
TI  - Eccentricity dependence of contrast matching and oblique masking.
AB  - Recently a model of spatial vision was derived by fitting foveal masking data.
      This model is composed of a small number of medium bandwidth mechanisms, each
      composed of a spatial filter followed by a compressive nonlinearity. The present
      study incorporates eccentricity variation into this model by scaling the peak
      frequency (but not the shape) of the spatial filters with eccentricity.
      Predictions of this scaled model were compared with both oblique masking data and
      contrast matching data gathered at peripheral locations and were found to produce
      good fits. Therefore, the mode of analysis that was used for foveal masking data
      is also applicable peripherally once the scaling factor is applied.

PMID- 4072010
TI  - Flicker and movement constituents of the pattern reversal response.
AB  - A counterphase-modulated (i.e. contrast reversing) pattern will affect
      hypothetical neural elements sensitive to motion as well as hypothetical elements
      sensitive to changes in contrast and other elements sensitive to local luminance.
      Attempts to describe visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to contrast reversal
      entirely in terms of luminance change or entirely in terms of contrast change
      have been unsuccessful; strong interactions between responses to contrast
      decrease and increase had to be postulated ad hoc in order to account for the
      contrast reversal VEP, and no explanation for these interactions has been
      proposed. Rather than attempting to separate the reversal VEP into responses to
      contrast decrease and increase, we attempt here to analyze the reversal VEP into
      responses to motion onset and offset. We find that VEPs to an abrupt displacement
      of less than one square's width of a checkerboard pattern are qualitatively
      similar to the contrast reversal VEP, and that the displacement VEP can be seen
      as the limiting case of a motion onset response shortly followed by a motion
      offset response. When displacement occurs during steady motion, the displacement
      and motion responses interact. We conclude that the contrast reversal VEP is
      better described in terms of motion onset and offset response than in terms of
      contrast onset and offset responses.

PMID- 4072011
TI  - The Stiles-Crawford effect in the eye of the blowfly, Calliphora erythrocephala.
AB  - Stiles-Crawford-like effects (that is, directional sensitivity of the retina)
      were investigated in the fly's eye. Intracellular recordings from the visual
      sense cells were made, and the radiation patterns emerging from the
      photoreceptors with antidromic light were photographed, and evaluated with a
      microdensitometer. The measurements from both methods agree well, and can be
      satisfactorily described by a theoretical model based on waveguide theory. Clear
      radiation patterns from the first and second order modes were observed at the
      level of the cornea. As in the vertebrate eye, the photoreceptors are aligned
      towards the center of the lens, a phenomenon for which a theoretical explanation
      is proposed.

PMID- 4072012
TI  - Effect of pupil size on steady state accommodation.
AB  - Experiments are described in which monocular accommodation response/stimulus
      curves were measured with Snellen targets over the stimulus range from +1.0 to 
      5.0 D, using artificial pupils with diameters of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mm
      and a constant retinal illuminance of 600 td. The results agree with those of
      earlier authors in showing a diminished response with smaller pupils. The slopes
      of the quasi-linear central portions of the response/stimulus curves are well
      described in terms of a geometrical optical approximation in which the
      accommodation system works to produce a retinal blur circle whose diameter is a
      linear function of the dioptric difference between the magnitudes of the stimulus
      and the accommodative resting state, this blur circle diameter being independent
      of the pupil diameter. Further consideration of diffractive effects suggests that
      contrast changes in the intermediate spatial frequency components (approximately
      5 c/deg) of the retinal image may play a dominant role in guiding the response.

PMID- 4072013
TI  - Counterphase lightness induction.
AB  - When half-cycle wide mid-grey test elements are superimposed on a black and white
      square wave induction grating, their apparent lightness is a linear function of
      their phase relationship with the induction grating; being judged lightest when
      in phase with the black bars of the grating, and darkest when in phase with the
      white bars. This finding justifies the use of the term "counterphase induction"
      to describe the effect, and emphasizes the similarity between this effect and
      McCourt's (1982) [Vision Res. 22, 119-134] grating induction effect. The fact
      that the same linear function holds whether the test elements are square or
      rectangular favours a global over a local explanation.

PMID- 4072014
TI  - Early colour deprivation in a monkey (Macaca fascicularis).
AB  - Various forms of selective visual deprivation are known to affect the development
      of the monkey visual system. In the present study a monkey was born and spent the
      first three months of its life under red illumination. Despite this colour
      deprivation, the young monkey learnt to distinguish between colours. Furthermore,
      the monkeys' increment threshold spectral sensitivity was not affected by the
      deprivation.

PMID- 4072015
TI  - An afterimage vernier method for assessing the precision of eye movement
      monitors: results for the scleral coil technique.
AB  - A method is described to assess the precision of eye movement monitors by
      comparing the difference in two sequentially measured eye positions with the
      relative positions of afterimages that were induced at the same moments. A 0.1
      0.3 min of arc sensitivity could be reached, using a vernier method. The
      precision of the scleral coil technique was 1 min of arc.

PMID- 4072016
TI  - Stereo-deficients and stereoblinds cannot make utrocular discriminations.
AB  - In two separate experiments, we show that stereo-deficient observers are no
      better than stereonormals at discriminating the eye-of-origin of a monocular
      stimulation. Stereo-deficient observers are considered to have a preponderance of
      monocular neurons throughout their visual system, including the visual cortex.
      The results indicate that, in spite of their clear anatomical and physiological
      structure, such monocular neurons do not convey eye-of-origin information to
      consciousness.

PMID- 4072017
TI  - Blue cones contribute to border distinctness.
AB  - A conclusion reached by Kaiser and Boynton in wavelength discrimination
      experiments, that differential blue-cone excitation makes a small contribution to
      the distinctness of borders in small fields, was verified using a rating
      procedure for borders produced in the La Jolla Analytic Colorimeter.

PMID- 4072018
TI  - Plan and operation of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1982
      84.

PMID- 4072019
TI  - Current estimates from the National Health Interview Survey: United States, 1982.

PMID- 4072020
TI  - Persons with and without a regular source of medical care.

PMID- 4072021
TI  - Hospitalization of persons under 65 years of age. United States, 1980-81.

PMID- 4072022
TI  - Teenage marriage and divorce: United States, 1970-81.

PMID- 4072023
TI  - [The significance of polygraphy in the diagnosis of aortic defects].

PMID- 4072024
TI  - [Endomyocardial biopsy of the left ventricle].

PMID- 4072025
TI  - [Colorectal cancer in young patients].

PMID- 4072026
TI  - [The effect of ascorbic acid on gastric secretion of uric acid].

PMID- 4072027
TI  - [HBsAg RIA Quick and anti-HBs RIA Quick, information about a new method of
      radioimmunoanalysis detection of surface antigens of hepatitis B viruses and
      their antibodies using the Immuno-Vienna kit].

PMID- 4072028
TI  - [Experience with the treatment of central nervous system involvement in leukemia
      in adults].

PMID- 4072029
TI  - [Adverse effects of long-term beclomethasone dipropionate (Becotide) inhalation
      therapy].

PMID- 4072030
TI  - [An unusual complication during endovasal biopsy of the right ventricle].

PMID- 4072031
TI  - [False positive heart scintigraphy using gluconate in patients with
      pericarditis].

PMID- 4072032
TI  - [Neuropathic ulcers in diabetics].

PMID- 4072033
TI  - [The significance and indications for echocardiography in internal medicine].

PMID- 4072034
TI  - [Central nervous system involvement in hemoblastoses in adults].

PMID- 4072035
TI  - [The Transfusion and Transplantation Institute in Berlin (observations from a
      study trip)].

PMID- 4072036
TI  - [Increased efficiency and the quality of laboratory research].

PMID- 4072037
TI  - [Hyperbaric oxygenation therapy in the combined treatment of trauma patients].

PMID- 4072038
TI  - [Closed heart injuries].

PMID- 4072039
TI  - [Use of enterosediv in treating dysentery patients].

PMID- 4072040
TI  - [Computational method of determining energy expenditures of special military
      operators].

PMID- 4072041
TI  - [Possible effect of hyperlipidemia on the development and course of
      atherosclerosis in flight personnel].

PMID- 4072042
TI  - [Hematological criteria of the body's thermal adaptation in sailors].

PMID- 4072043
TI  - [Pleural puncture biopsy in the differential diagnosis of exudative pleurisy].

PMID- 4072044
TI  - [Surgical rehabilitation of patients with the sequelae of laryngeal and trachea
      injuries].

PMID- 4072045
TI  - [Chemical transformations of oxime-group preparations during storage].

PMID- 4072046
TI  - [Clinical and diagnostic characteristics of amebiasis].

PMID- 4072047
TI  - [Current problems of anti-alcohol propaganda].

PMID- 4072048
TI  - [The effect of cystaphos on the histologic structure of the thymus in the
      irradiated rat].

PMID- 4072049
TI  - [Thermoisolation of the entire uniform for personnel of armored-mechanized
      units].

PMID- 4072050
TI  - [The significance of anthropometric ergonomic studies in the selection of
      personnel of tank units].

PMID- 4072051
TI  - [Use of adhesive cellophane tape in the diagnosis of demodicosis].

PMID- 4072053
TI  - [Etiology and pathogenesis of chronic exudative otitis].

PMID- 4072052
TI  - [The effect of prazosin on blood pressure and lipid status in patients with
      arterial hypertension].

PMID- 4072054
TI  - [Pathologic pulmonary arteriovenous communication].

PMID- 4072056
TI  - [Biotransformation of therapeutic substances].

PMID- 4072055
TI  - [A survey of the incidence infectious diseases in Europe].

PMID- 4072057
TI  - [Post-antibiotic diarrhea and colitis].

PMID- 4072058
TI  - [Successful surgical treatment of hypertensive persistent ductus arteriosus in a
      patient in the 7th decade of life].

PMID- 4072059
TI  - [Methodologic aspects of the biological and therapeutic effect of physical
      factors].

PMID- 4072060
TI  - [Effect of decimeter-range waves combined with medicinal electroaerosols on
      immuno-inflammatory processes in chronic non-specific diseases of the lungs].

PMID- 4072061
TI  - [Experimental study of possible mechanisms of meteopathic reactions in the body
      during inflammatory diseases of the lungs].

PMID- 4072062
TI  - [Various aspects of the biological and clinical effects of small doses of
      ionizing radiation on the body].

PMID- 4072063
TI  - [Therapeutic efficacy and the effect of decimeter-range waves on cerebral blood
      flow in patients during the recovery period after surgery on intracranial
      arteries of the brain].

PMID- 4072064
TI  - [Changes in the state of central hemodynamics in patients with syringomyelia
      after complex treatment including radon baths].

PMID- 4072065
TI  - [Use of natural, weak hydrogen sulfide waters artificially enriched with radon in
      patients with osteoarthrosis deformans].

PMID- 4072066
TI  - [Effect of radon baths and decimeter-range waves on patients with psoriatic
      polyarthritis].

PMID- 4072067
TI  - [Dynamics of physico-chemical indices of the state of membranes and nuclear
      chromatin of the lymphocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with
      radon baths].

PMID- 4072069
TI  - [Rhythmic health-promoting gymnastics].

PMID- 4072068
TI  - [Balneoreactions].

PMID- 4072071
TI  - [Inhalation therapy and drug allergy].

PMID- 4072070
TI  - [Various results of a comparative study of the effect of physical factors in
      patients with bronchopulmonary diseases].

PMID- 4072072
TI  - [Effect of methods of therapeutic physical culture on the status of hemodynamics
      in patients with penetrating wounds of the thoracic cavity].

PMID- 4072073
TI  - [Comparative efficacy of several types of physical training in restoring the
      physical work capacity of chronic bronchitis patients].

PMID- 4072074
TI  - [Criteria of overall physical work capacity for determining the potential motor
      activity of patients with spinal cord injuries at the stage of sanatorium-health
      resort treatment].

PMID- 4072075
TI  - [Basic positions of exercise therapy in the treatment of women with stress
      incontinence (modified Atabekov-Pribylov method)].

PMID- 4072076
TI  - [Use of sulfide mineral waters in the People's Republic of Bulgaria].

PMID- 4072077
TI  - [Multivariate discriminant analysis--a current method for evaluating the enzyme
      spectrum in cancer patients].
AB  - The study was concerned with the procedure and results of evaluation of the
      clinical course versus enzymatic activity in blood serum of patients with breast,
      uterine and bladder tumors. Mathematical and statistical methods used in
      multivariate discriminant analysis offer more advantage as compared with the
      standard procedures for evaluation of enzymatic activity in blood serum of cancer
      patients.

PMID- 4072078
TI  - [Combined chemotherapy of advanced soft tissue sarcomas using the platinum
      derivative cisplatin (platidiam)].
AB  - The results of treatment of 69 cases of advanced soft tissue sarcomas are
      presented. Patients were given various drug schemes including cisplatin. Overall
      response in the study group was 30%. Tumor appeared sensitive to the treatment in
      49%. A combination of carminomycin, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide and cisplatin
      proved to be the most effective (39%). The scheme was effective in both untreated
      patients and those previously treated with adriamycin. Hematologic toxicity
      registered in 67% cases was the most severe complication involved in the
      treatment with the above drug regimen.

PMID- 4072079
TI  - [Results of phase I study of the effectiveness of self-examination in a program
      of early detection of breast cancer].
AB  - The paper deals with the results of the first phase of a WHO-sponsored study
      concerned with evaluation of the effectiveness of breast self-examination and
      carried out in Leningrad. The study was part of a program for early breast cancer
      diagnosis. 8,000 females were taught the procedure of self-examination. A
      randomized survey of a representative group of 400 females was conducted during
      the first 12 months using a special questionnaire. It was intended for evaluating
      the subjects' comprehension of the aims of the program, their attitude to it and
      their knowledge on cancer. Due to training as well as regular reminding, the
      percentage of women who practiced self-examination was as high as 75.1. The
      results of an analysis of refusals to carry out self-examination are presented.

PMID- 4072080
TI  - [A modified Ariyan's procedure for myocutaneous flaps in head and neck tumors].
AB  - The first experience gained in Hungary with application of myocutaneous flap
      after Ariyan for reconstruction of the oral cavity is discussed. A modified
      procedure after Ariyan and indications are described. The method should be used
      for reconstruction of soft tissues of the head and neck.

PMID- 4072081
TI  - [Spread of tumor tissue and prognosis in stomach cancer].
AB  - The report deals with an analysis of a 3-year follow-up of 38 patients of stage
      III stomach cancer. Tumor tissue disaggregation was investigated in the said
      patients using methods developed by the authors. The tumor disaggregation rate in
      patients dead within the first two years after surgery was higher (275 +/- 6.6)
      than in those dead within three years (237 +/- 10.8) or longer (235 +/- 7.2).
      High rate of tumor tissue disaggregation proved to be an unfavorable prognostic
      factor.

PMID- 4072082
TI  - [Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors
      of the large intestine].
AB  - Carcinoembryonic antigen was studied in 241 controls--patients with different
      diseases, 121 cases of intestinal polyp, 69 cases of large bowel carcinoma, 28
      cases of stomach cancer and 65 patients with malignancies at other sites (total
      524). Significantly high levels were found in large bowel and stomach cancer as
      well as cases of extensive tumor growth, relapse or metastases.

PMID- 4072083
TI  - [The state of the endometrium and myometrium in patients with ovarian tumors and
      tumor-like growths].
AB  - The study was concerned with the condition of the endometrium and myometrium in
      relation to the histological pattern of ovarian tumor and tumor-like growth and
      patient's age. Polyps, glandular atypical hyperplasia and endometrial
      adenocarcinoma were more frequent in cases of ovarian malignancies than in
      patients with benign tumors and tumor-like growth. On the whole, pathomorphologic
      alterations in corpus uteri were observed in one-third of patients with ovarian
      growth (271 out of 913, i.e. 29.6%).

PMID- 4072085
TI  - [Damage to the supramolecular DNA complex in the mechanism of action of antitumor
      drugs].
AB  - The report deals with damaging effects on the structure of a supramolecular DNA
      complex of leukemic cells in P388 mice, susceptible to most antitumor
      preparations, following treatment with therapeutic doses of sarcolysin,
      methylnitrosourea, actinomycin D and adriamycin. Capillary elastoviscosimetry and
      nucleoid sedimentation procedure showed that damage to supramolecular DNA complex
      structure became apparent as quickly as 15-60 min after injection of the said
      preparations and persisted for several days. The said damage consisted in DNA's
      filaments rupture and alterations in higher-order chromatin structures. The role
      of conformational changes of supramolecular DNA complex in the course of the
      cytotoxic action of antitumor agents is discussed.

PMID- 4072084
TI  - [Comparative clinico-morphological characteristics of the variants of adeno
      squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the endometrium].
AB  - A clinico-morphological analysis of the data available on cases of adeno-squamous
      carcinoma (72) and endometrial adenocarcinoma (102) pointed to a correlation
      between the decrease in the degree of cell differentiation in said neoplasms and
      the decline in the frequency of hyperestrimism and metabolic-endocrine disorders.
      As a result over 70% of well-differentiated cell tumors were referred to one
      pathogenetic pattern of endometrial carcinoma (after Bokhman) and more than 50%
      of poorly-differentiated cell tumors--to another one. These findings further
      support the rationale for distinguishing the well- and poorly-differentiated cell
      patterns of adeno-squamous carcinoma. They may be used in establishing individual
      prognosis as well as choosing optimal scheme of treatment.

PMID- 4072086
TI  - [Effect of immunization with live tularemia vaccine on the growth of various
      tumor strains in rats].
AB  - The paper deals with a study of the effect of a single challenge with living
      tularemia vaccine on the growth of such transplantable tumors as Zajdela's
      hepatoma, Pliss' lymphosarcoma, Walker's carcinosarcoma, Schwetz' erythromyelosis
      and sarcoma 45 in Wistar rats. Immunization was followed by a significant (37.2
      86%) inhibition of the rate of growth of the said tumors. Ascites was detected in
      half the vaccinated animals of Zajdela's hepatoma series, this being matched by
      100% in controls.

PMID- 4072087
TI  - [Results of surgical treatment of rectal cancer].
AB  - The results of radical surgery for rectal cancer performed in 223 cases are
      presented. Preoperative angiographic examination of the vascular system of
      terminal part of the large bowel (lower selective
      pneumopharmacomesentericography) contributed to the selection of optimal surgical
      procedure in 30 cases. Mortality rate following radical surgery ranged 3.6--14.5%
      depending on a procedure used and patient's age. Early postoperative
      complications occurred in 53.4% depending on the type of surgery. Five-year
      survival was registered in 57.1%. Survival time appeared to be a function of
      tumor stage, site and the extent of invasion into the rectal wall.

PMID- 4072088
TI  - [The causes of late hospitalization and analysis of mortality in children with
      malignant neoplasms].
AB  - The results of an analysis of histories of 118 pediatric cancer patients and data
      on 92 autopsied cases are presented. The reasons of late detection of tumors and
      hospitalization as well as the causes of death were studied. Most of the patients
      admitted to the hospital (97.5%) had stage III-IV malignancies. The lethality
      from solid tumors was 2.7 times that from hemoblastoses. Predominant sites of
      neoplastic growth versus age and a group at risk were identified. Identification
      of groups at risk, medical check-ups and setting up of specialized oncopediatric
      departments contribute to early diagnosis of cancer and lowering lethality in
      pediatric cancer patients.

PMID- 4072089
TI  - [Cancer of the vermiform appendix (a case report)].

PMID- 4072090
TI  - [Failures and prospects for therapy of leukemia].

PMID- 4072091
TI  - A combination of IgG and IgM autoantibodies in chronic cold agglutinin disease:
      immunologic studies and response to splenectomy.
AB  - A patient with chronic cold agglutinin disease and anti-I antibody was studied.
      The titer of the patient's serum at 4 degrees C was 700 with adult I RBC, 256
      with cord RBC, 256 with adult i RBC. At room temperature the titers were
      decreased and the serum also reacted at a titer of 4,000 with enzyme treated
      adult I RBC. Dithiothreitol treatment of the serum and purified antibody
      decreased reactivity only slightly, indicating that the antibody was IgG. The
      heat eluate contained 1.2 mg/ml IgG kappa, but only 80 micrograms/ml IgM kappa. A
      hybridoma made by fusing the patient's peripheral blood lymphocytes with a human
      myeloma cell line contained only IgM kappa (30 micrograms/ml) anti-I activity.
      The IgM fraction of the heat eluate reacted similarly to the hybridoma
      supernatant. The IgG fraction resembled the serum and heat eluate. In this case
      study, IgG kappa and IgM kappa immunoglobulins, both possessing cold agglutinin
      activity, were present in the patient's serum. This finding is unusual in
      idiopathic cold agglutinin disease and in view of the predominance of an IgG cold
      agglutinin, splenectomy was recommended for treatment.

PMID- 4072092
TI  - Metabolism of guanosine in human erythrocytes.
AB  - The metabolism of guanosine in human erythrocytes has been studied in two
      different experimental systems--direct incubation and dialysis incubation--the
      latter allowing continuous addition and removal of substances. Intra- and
      extracellular purine compounds were analyzed using high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC). At 37 degrees C, a normal pH (7.4) and a favorably high
      concentration of inorganic phosphate, guanine nucleotides were synthesized at a
      substance rate of about 0.17 mmol . h-1 (calculated per liter erythrocytes) when
      guanosine was kept at a concentration of 25 mumol . l-1. At a higher guanosine
      concentration the rate of synthesis increased only moderately. Erythrocytes
      loaded with guanylates lost these nucleotides at a rate of 0.023 mmol . h-1 at a
      normal phosphate concentration and somewhat slower at a higher phosphate
      concentration. The metabolism kept the guanylates in an equilibrium that was
      similar to the equilibrium between the adenylates.

PMID- 4072093
TI  - A protocol for sensitive large-scale screening of blood donors for IgA
      deficiency.
AB  - A protocol for large-scale screening of blood donors for IgA deficiency using a
      tanned cell passive haemagglutination-inhibition (PHI) technique and enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is described. Evidence presented suggests that
      native serum from a case of IgA paraproteinaemia, suitably diluted and heated to
      56 degrees C for 60 min, can act as a satisfactory and simple alternative to
      purified IgA preparations in the PHI test. When PHI and ELISA techniques were
      used in combination to screen 41,851 random donors, 58 were found to contain less
      than 200 ng/ml of IgA and were classified as totally IgA-deficient (1:721). This
      is in close agreement with the data from other workers.

PMID- 4072094
TI  - A multicenter European trial of intravenous immune globulin in immune
      thrombocytopenic purpura in childhood.
AB  - Since a pilot study of intravenous immune globulin showed it to induce a rapid
      rise of thrombocytes in immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) in childhood, a
      randomized study was started for acute, untreated ITP and a prospective study for
      acute and chronic, pretreated ITP in children. The results of the pilot study and
      preliminary data of the ongoing studies are presented. Although little is known
      of the effects of intravenous immune globulin, possible mechanisms of action are
      discussed.

PMID- 4072095
TI  - [Alcoholism and diseases of the internal organs].

PMID- 4072096
TI  - [Significance of the ratio of blood lymphocytes to polymorphonuclear neutrophils
      in pneumonia and bronchitis patients].

PMID- 4072097
TI  - [Effect of a measured physical load on the pressure level in the pulmonary artery
      of pulmonary tuberculosis patients].

PMID- 4072098
TI  - [Combined tuberculosis and lung cancer].

PMID- 4072099
TI  - [Choice of the optimal irradiation mode in the therapeutic use of a low-energy
      helium-neon laser].

PMID- 4072100
TI  - [Effect of low-frequency acoustic oscillations on the natural resistance of the
      body].

PMID- 4072101
TI  - [Evaluation of the early manifestations of the toxic action of dithiocarbamate
      pesticides based on changes in the serum enzymogram of workers].

PMID- 4072102
TI  - [Clinico-epidemiological characteristics of botulism].

PMID- 4072103
TI  - [Effect of hyaluronidase on the interrelations of the stromal elements of the
      myocardium in the healing of experimental myocardial infarct].

PMID- 4072104
TI  - [Effect of obzidan on cell membrane permeability in myocardial infarct patients].

PMID- 4072105
TI  - [Diagnosis of vertebrogenic cardialgia in persons of different ages].

PMID- 4072106
TI  - [Morphofunctional changes in blood erythrocytes and microvessels of the bulbar
      conjunctiva in atherosclerotic encephalopathy].

PMID- 4072107
TI  - [Role of disorders of intracranial hemodynamics in the pathogenesis of Meniere's
      syndrome].

PMID- 4072108
TI  - [Characteristics of labelled fibrinogen catabolism in hypertension patients].

PMID- 4072109
TI  - [Hemodynamic changes in hypertension patients with concomitant obesity].

PMID- 4072110
TI  - [Method for the systems study of general morphogenetic patterns in individual
      human development].

PMID- 4072111
TI  - [Effect of sleep on the ultradial rhythm of the motor activity of the digestive
      tract in peptic ulcer patients].

PMID- 4072112
TI  - [Late results and absorption indices of the small intestine with different
      methods in the surgical treatment of peptic ulcer patients].

PMID- 4072114
TI  - [The blood kinin system in chronic enterocolitis patients].

PMID- 4072113
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the therapeutic effect of oxyferriscorbone in peptic
      ulcer].

PMID- 4072115
TI  - [Bile secretion in chronic cholecystitis patients undergoing intragastric oxygen
      therapy combined with vitamin B15].

PMID- 4072116
TI  - [Changes in the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid activity at different phases
      of chronic glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 4072117
TI  - [The urethro-oculo-synovial syndrome].

PMID- 4072118
TI  - [Level of serum immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes in patients with
      terminal kidney failure during hemosorption treatment].

PMID- 4072119
TI  - [Blood coagulation disorders in patients with chronic calculous pyelonephritis
      and diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 4072120
TI  - [Autonomic regulation of cardiac rhythm in diabetics].

PMID- 4072121
TI  - [Variation pulsometry as a method of objective evaluation of the condition of
      patients with myocardial infarct during sanatorial rehabilitation].

PMID- 4072122
TI  - [Clinico-biochemical and electromyographic studies of the anti-depressive effect
      of cyclodol].

PMID- 4072123
TI  - [Mechanism of thermoregulation and immunological reactions in women working in
      hot microclimate].

PMID- 4072124
TI  - [Dynamics of arterial pressure in textile workers in relation to their age and
      length of employment in the plant].

PMID- 4072125
TI  - [Hemorrhagic forms of erysipelas].

PMID- 4072126
TI  - [Improving measures for disease prevention in a multi-profile polyclinic].

PMID- 4072127
TI  - [Scientific substantiation of reducing disability due to urologic diseases].

PMID- 4072128
TI  - [Results of the selective study of patients hospitalized in infectious disease
      hospitals and wards].

PMID- 4072129
TI  - [Nonspecific lung diseases in urban and rural populations (data from
      fluorographic examinations)].

PMID- 4072130
TI  - [2 cases of right ventricular myocardial infarction].

PMID- 4072131
TI  - [Reaction of the heart to various therapeutic mud procedures].

PMID- 4072132
TI  - [Preganglionic sympathetic denervation as a method of treatment of patients with
      stenocardia].

PMID- 4072133
TI  - [Hemorheological and microcirculatory disorders in patients with unstable
      stenocardia].

PMID- 4072134
TI  - [Determining the level of physical load in the isometric system during function
      studies].

PMID- 4072136
TI  - [Clinico-anatomical comparisons in hypertension based on autopsy findings].

PMID- 4072135
TI  - [Estimation of the main indicators of the pumping and contractile functions of
      the myocardium using a microcalculator].

PMID- 4072137
TI  - [Systemic hemodynamics in patients with renal hypertension].

PMID- 4072138
TI  - [Computerized-tomographic diagnosis of cranio-cerebral injuries].

PMID- 4072139
TI  - [Effect of non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents and levamisole on the immunologic
      response of rheumatoid arthritis patients].

PMID- 4072140
TI  - [Functional state of the myocardium in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 4072141
TI  - [Clinico-anatomical evaluation of the stimulation of disorders of testicular
      function in varicoceles by blood flow regulation].

PMID- 4072143
TI  - [Acid-base equilibrium in patients with pyelonephritis of a solitary kidney].

PMID- 4072142
TI  - [Use of local negative pressure in sexology practice].

PMID- 4072144
TI  - [Diagnostic estimation of an antigen and immunoglobulin A, M, and G levels in
      patients with cancer of the rectum].

PMID- 4072145
TI  - [Changes in gas exchange in acute hemorrhagic destructive pancreatitis].

PMID- 4072146
TI  - [Torsion of the pedicle of a giant ovarian cyst in severe mushroom poisoning].

PMID- 4072147
TI  - [Respiratory mechanics in patients with pulmonary tuberculoma].

PMID- 4072148
TI  - [Incidence of ischemic heart disease among the population of an agricultural
      region].

PMID- 4072149
TI  - [State of the osmotic resistance of lymphocytes in patients with pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 4072150
TI  - [Tuberculosis of the breast].

PMID- 4072151
TI  - [Effect of the radiotherapy method on the clinical course of initial recurrences
      of lymphogranulomatosis].

PMID- 4072152
TI  - [Rheography of the liver in disorders of glucose tolerance in diabetic patients].

PMID- 4072153
TI  - [The state of vegetative regulation in patients with diabetes mellitus (variation
      pulsometry data)].

PMID- 4072154
TI  - [Characteristics of diurnal rhythm of hydroxyprolinuria in patients with diabetes
      mellitus].

PMID- 4072155
TI  - [Use of hemosorption in the complex treatment of diabetic nephropathy].

PMID- 4072156
TI  - [A case of acute exogenous allergic alveolitis].

PMID- 4072157
TI  - [Time perception in depressive states].

PMID- 4072158
TI  - [Frequency of finding the markers of hepatitis B virus infection in infants in
      the 1st year of life receiving a plasma transfusion].
AB  - The frequency of detection of HB virus infection markers was determined by
      sensitive methods (passive hemagglutination, immunofluorescence,
      radioimmunoassay) in 83 infants under 1 year receiving transfusions of HB-antigen
      negative (by counter-current immunoelectrophoresis) plasma and regularly observed
      for one year. Among them, 12 (14.4%) infants were found to be infected with
      hepatitis B virus which was confirmed in 7.2% by the detection of transitory HBs
      antigenemia, in 2.4% by the detection of anti-HBc alone which had not been found
      previously, and in 4.8% by the detection of anti-HBs- previously absent in the
      blood, including 2.4% with a combination of anti-HBs and anti-HBc. In one case
      (1.2%) hepatitis was accompanied by jaundice absent in 11 (13.2%) cases.

PMID- 4072159
TI  - [Use of microfiltration and gel filtration technics for purifying and
      concentrating the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus].
AB  - A system for purification and concentration of Venezuelan equine
      encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus omitting large-scale ultracentrifugation was
      developed. The first step consists in prefiltration through large pore nuclear
      filters (NF) to remove large particle admixtures from the virus-containing fluid.
      In the second step, the resulting filtrage undergoes concentrating
      microfiltration through small pore NF. In this way the virus, but not total
      protein, is concentrated approximately 30-fold without any loss of biological
      activity. For VEE virus purification the next step uses gel filtration
      chromatography in a column with chemically modified macropore silica. In this
      stage, the purification factor by protein is approximately 100-fold and virus
      yield reaches 40%. It is suggested that the procedure used be applied for
      purification and concentration of a wide range of enveloped viruses.

PMID- 4072161
TI  - [The Aina/1448 serotype of the tick-borne encephalitis virus].
AB  - The antigenic structure of 48 tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBE) strains
      isolated in the Irkutsk region and the Buryat ASSR in 1960-1981 was studied.
      Antigenic analysis was performed by the agar gel diffusion-precipitation test
      using adsorption of the immune sera. A new group of 31 TBE virus strains was
      found to belong to the Aina/1448 antigenic type. Close ecological relationship
      between this serotype and Muridae was found. Ix. persulcatus ticks are vectors of
      2 TBE virus serotypes, Aina/1448 and eastern serotype. Data on combined
      circulation of these 2 serotypes of TBE virus in the Irkutsk region and the
      Buryat ASSR were obtained, the Aina/1448 serotype definitely dominating in 3
      areas of the Irkutsk region. The areas of circulation of the Aina/1448 serotype
      strains are associated with forest and forest-steppe landscapes disturbed by
      human economic activity.

PMID- 4072160
TI  - [Isolation of glycoproteins of the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus and
      an evaluation of their immunogenic activity].
AB  - Isolation of purified Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus glycoproteins by
      means of a new Soviet nonionic detergent, MESK, is described. The MESK detergent
      was shown to permit isolation of approximately 70% of virus particle
      glycoproteins. The resulting preparation had a high hemagglutinating activity,
      contained no admixtures of foreign proteins and was not infectious. The study of
      the immunogenicity of purified glycoproteins in experimental mice and rabbits
      showed them to be capable of inducing high levels of serum antibodies. The
      immunogenicity of the isolated glycoproteins was comparable to their
      immunogenicity as components of virus particles. Treatment of the virus with MESK
      detergent also yielded preparations with predominant content of capsid protein.
      The described procedure for disintegration and purification of viral proteins is
      technologically simple and may be the basis for manufacture of a subunit vaccine.
      The resulting material may also be used for preparation of diagnosticums and in
      laboratory studies.

PMID- 4072163
TI  - [Differences in the electrophoretic mobility of the low-molecular virus-specific
      proteins of viruses of the tick-borne encephalitis complex].
AB  - Analysis of low-molecular virus-specific proteins of all the known members of the
      tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) complex viruses: TBE (2 strains), Langat, louping
      ill, Negishi, Kyasanur Forest disease, Omsk hemorrhagic fever (2 strains), and
      Powassan, was performed. The cells infected with the above viruses were found to
      contain low-molecular virus-specific NVX (with the exception of Powassan, Omsk
      hemorrhagic fever, and Kyasanur Forest disease viruses), NV21/2, NV2, NV11/2, and
      NV1 proteins. These proteins (except NV1) differ in the electrophoretic mobility
      in the viruses under study and in TBE strains No. 256 and Sophyin. Thus,
      electrophoresis may demonstrate differences in the characteristics of proteins of
      different TBE complex viruses and strains of one virus.

PMID- 4072162
TI  - [Pathogenicity of the Lassa virus for laboratory mice].
AB  - Pathogenicity for randombred and inbred mice of various age groups of the
      standard Lassa virus and the virus enriched with defective interfering particles
      (DIP) was studied. The standard Lassa virus inoculated intracerebrally caused
      100% death of C3H/Sn mice aged up to 4 weeks and 60%-70% death of randombred
      white mice aged 3-4 weeks. BALB/C mice were found to be nonsusceptible to the
      virus, and its lethality for C57BL/6 and AKR mice varied within the range of 30%
      60%. Lassa virus enriched with DIP caused no death of the susceptible animals and
      showed poor protective activity against the standard virus.

PMID- 4072164
TI  - [Early diagnosis of arbovirus infections by the indirect hemagglutination
      reaction].

PMID- 4072165
TI  - [Mathematical planning of an experiment in virology].

PMID- 4072166
TI  - [Adaptation of the enzyme method to determine the cholesterol content of high
      density serum lipoproteins isolated using the precipitation method].
AB  - Negative interference was established of the precipitating reagent
      (heparin/MnCl2) for the isolation of HDL in the determination of serum
      concentration of high density lipoproteins--cholesterol by the enzyme CHOD-PAP
      method. The combining of enzyme-substrate reagent with 8,0 mmol/l EDTA eliminated
      the negative interference, but induced a lightly manifested increase of the
      optical density regardless of cholesterol concentration. That is the reason, the
      calibration of the enzimatic method is recommended to be performen with
      cholesterol standards, pretreated with precipitating reagent, analogically to
      serum. The analytical significance of the modified method was studied as regards
      reproducibility (VK = 0,88% with investigation in series and VK = 4,57% with
      investigation in time) and of accurary (test of Lord, L = 0,073 less than Lp less
      than 0,05).

PMID- 4072167
TI  - [Case of primary hypomagnesemia with functional hypoparathyroidism].

PMID- 4072168
TI  - [Late-diagnosed case of dysimmunoglobulinemia, bronchiectasis and lobectomy].

PMID- 4072169
TI  - [Acute pulmonary edema].

PMID- 4072170
TI  - [Possibilities for treating patients with the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome].
AB  - The results from the treatment of 29 patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
      are reported: 6--with glomerulonephritis with minimum alterations, 12--with
      diffuse mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis and II--with focal and segmental
      glomerular sclerosis and hyalinosis. Corticosteroids, alone and in case they fail
      to help, in combination with cyclophosphamide were administered to patients with
      glomerulonephritis with minimum alterations. The rest of the patients were
      treated with a combination of anticoagulants (heparin and acenocoumarol), immune
      suppressors (azathioprin) and corticosteroids. "Pulse" treatment with 300 mg
      methylprednisolon intravenously was carried out in single patients. Complete
      clinical-laboratory remission was attained in 5 out of 6 patients with
      glomerulonephritis with minimum alterations and in 7 out of 12 patients with
      diffuse mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. No effect was attained in any
      of the patients with focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis and hyalinosis.
      With repeated renal biopsy, a transition from glomerulonephritis with minimum
      alterations and from diffuse mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis to focal
      and segmental glomerular sclerosis and hyalinosis was observed.

PMID- 4072171
TI  - [Changes in serum lipid levels and the spectrum of individual fatty acids in
      patients with chronic renal failure on conservative and hemodialysis treatment
      and their relation to dietary protein intake].
AB  - The serum lipids level, lipoproteins with very low and low density and individual
      fatty acids were studied in three groups of patients with chronic renal
      insufficiency (ChRI) on conservative treatment, on hemodialysis to 12 months and
      over 12 months, looking for a connection with the ChRI stage, with the effect of
      hemodialysis and diet. A tendency to decrease of the levels of beta-lipoproteins
      (beta LP) and total cholesterol (TCh) in beta LP was outlined from conservative
      to hemodialysis ChRI, hyperprebeta--lipoproteinemia, with S-fraction being
      established more often. That explains the great discrepancies in lipoprotein-
      profile among the three groups of patients, the dietetic factor, likely to play a
      decisive role for that. For the same reasons, deficiency of essentail fatty acids
      -linoleic and arachidonic was esotablished in the patients with conservative
      ChRI, eliminated in the course of dialysis. Since serum albumins show a
      substantial correlative relationship with palmiatic, stearic, linoleic, acid,
      beta LP and TCh in beta LP, those lipid indices could be admitted to follow the
      protein-caloric deficiency in the patients with ChRI, in the conservative
      therapeutic stage in particular. Those data necessitate a critical antitude to
      the strict hypoprotein regimen in them.

PMID- 4072172
TI  - [Relaxation and filling of the left ventricle measured by computer analysis of
      the unidimensional (M-type) echocardiogram in healthy subjects and patients with
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].
AB  - The indices of systolic and earli diastolic function (relaxation and rapid
      filling) were established in 16 healthy subjects and 35 patients with idiopathic
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by computer analysis ("Echocomputer" RIEMT--MA,
      Sofia) and left ventricular and mitral valve M-type echocardiogram. In a
      considerable part of the partients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pathological
      changes were established in the diastolic function of left ventricle--lengthening
      of iso-voluminal relaxition, reduction of velocity and increase of the dimension
      of left ventricular cavity, reduction of velocity and fraction of blood flow in
      the phase of rapid filling of left ventricle. Those changes of diastolic function
      are a manifestation of increased resistance, restriction of left ventricular
      filling that could partially explain the tendency to reduction of stroke and
      minute volume in some patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with normal and
      increased indices of systolic function of left ventricle (fraction of shortening,
      ejection fraction, veloycity of reduction of dimension of left ventricle in the
      phase of ejection)? There is considerable correlation between the changes of
      diastolic function and those of the hypetrophic process and reduction of left
      ventricular cavity. The computer analysis of the echogram, enables the more
      detailed, fast and accurate determination of important indices of diastolic and
      systolic function of left ventricle, with a good repeated reproducibility.

PMID- 4072173
TI  - [Treatment of patients with the Pickwickian syndrome by reduction of body
      weight].
AB  - The characteristic signs of Pickwickian syndrome are the high degree of obesity
      and cardiovascular and respiratory insufficiency, to various degrees. Forty five
      patients with Pickwickian syndrome were treated at the Clinic of Metabolic
      Diseases. They represent 3.4 per cent of the total number of patients with
      obesity of various degrees, observed and treated. The majority of the affected
      were established to be males (34), mainly III and IV degree of obesity. The
      average age of the patients was 51 years. Somnolence, lassitude, enhanced
      appetite, cyanosis and dyspnea with unrestful sleep, with sloring were observed
      in all patients. The moderate motive regiment applied and the hypoenergy diet
      under clinical condicions with an average stay of 26 days at the clinic led to
      considerable reduction of body mass (with 11,7 kg on the average), resulting into
      an improvement of the functional respiratory parameters and ECG. The elevated
      values of blood pressure were normalized in the majority of the patients after
      the treatment. In all patients, the unpleasant subjective complaints, somnolence
      including, disappeared and respiratory indices were improved. The significant
      disorders in lipid, carbohydrate and purine metabolism were favourably influenced
      by the therapeutic regiment applied.

PMID- 4072174
TI  - [Comparative study of the results of determining triglycerides in serum].
AB  - Triglyceride determination in serum is of a great importance because of the
      existing correlation between the risk of origination of atherosclerosis and
      triglyceride values. Two methods were compared: enzymatic method with
      colorimetric completion used in Boehringer test-packages and the colorimetric
      method, based on Hantzsch reaction, developed in test packages of Bio-La-Test-
      Lachema (CSSR). A correlation analysis was made on the base of the results,
      obtained by the two methods (r = 0,875). The reliability of the method was
      studied--reproducibility in series and time, and accuracy. As a result from the
      data obtained, the colorimetric method, developed by CSSR for the determination
      of triglycerides in serum could well be recommended.

PMID- 4072175
TI  - Clinical pharmacology. Luxury or necessity in developing countries?

PMID- 4072176
TI  - Foetal macrosomia--a continuing perinatal challenge.

PMID- 4072177
TI  - Selected cardiovascular risk factors and electrocardiographic findings. A Tobago
      study.

PMID- 4072178
TI  - Infection in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit at the University Hospital
      of the West Indies.

PMID- 4072180
TI  - Environmental lead hazard in a high-risk Jamaican population.

PMID- 4072179
TI  - Patterns of antibiotic usage in children at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital,
      Barbados.

PMID- 4072181
TI  - Patent ductus arteriosus. Results of operative intervention (1953-1984).

PMID- 4072182
TI  - Regular haemodialysis in Barbados: the first five years.

PMID- 4072183
TI  - The monitoring of high-risk pregnancy by non-stressed antepartum
      cardiotocography.

PMID- 4072184
TI  - Polysplenia and reversed rotation of the midgut.

PMID- 4072185
TI  - Left atrial myxoma: an unusual cause of acute pulmonary oedema.

PMID- 4072186
TI  - Splenic salvage.

PMID- 4072187
TI  - Monosodium acid methanearsonate (M.S.M.A.) poisoning in man.

PMID- 4072188
TI  - [Comparison of the clinical course and secretory activity of the stomach in
      smoking and non-smoking patients with peptic ulcer].

PMID- 4072189
TI  - [Selected indicators of lipid metabolism in patients with chronic
      arteriosclerotic ischemia of the lower limbs].

PMID- 4072190
TI  - [Endomyocardial fibrosis].

PMID- 4072191
TI  - [Foreign bodies in the common bile duct, intrahepatic calculi and abscesses in
      the left lobe of the liver in a patient after choledochoduodenal anastomosis].

PMID- 4072192
TI  - [Staphylococcal septicemia as a complication of percutaneous catheterization of
      veins].

PMID- 4072193
TI  - [Amniotic fluid embolism as a cause of death after labor].

PMID- 4072195
TI  - [Physicians in present-day society].

PMID- 4072196
TI  - [Usefulness of determining diurnal changes in serum noradrenaline and adrenaline
      levels and post-exercise increase in diastolic arterial pressure].

PMID- 4072194
TI  - ["Collodion skin"--the first symptom of ichthyosis in a newborn infant].

PMID- 4072197
TI  - [Measuring blood pressure in children with Pachon's oscillometer based on the
      sphygmooscillographic method].

PMID- 4072198
TI  - [Dynamics of left-ventricular contraction and electrocardiography changes in
      patients with brain tumors].

PMID- 4072199
TI  - [Analysis of abortions].

PMID- 4072200
TI  - [Psychotherapeutic management of children with acute leukemia].

PMID- 4072201
TI  - [Ventricular tachycardia in Dressler's post-infarction syndrome].

PMID- 4072202
TI  - [Rupture of the spleen after infarction].

PMID- 4072203
TI  - [Spontaneous segmental torsion of the greater omentum].

PMID- 4072204
TI  - [A case of recurrent abdominal typhus in an 8-year-old boy].

PMID- 4072205
TI  - [Vesicouterine fistula].

PMID- 4072206
TI  - [Thyroid cancer after radiotherapy of laryngeal scleroma].

PMID- 4072207
TI  - [Arteriosclerosis. II. Pathogenesis of dyslipoproteinemia].

PMID- 4072208
TI  - Proceedings of the International Commission on Trichinellosis. No. XVIII.

PMID- 4072209
TI  - Trichinella species and the controversy around them.

PMID- 4072210
TI  - Genetic distance between Trichinella pseudospiralis and other trichinellae by
      single oral immunization.

PMID- 4072211
TI  - Compared genetic distance of Trichinella pseudospiralis with other trichinellae
      isolations by hyperimmunization.

PMID- 4072212
TI  - Compared genetic distance between Trichinella spiralis and other trichinellae
      isolations by several immunization path-ways.

PMID- 4072213
TI  - Succinate dehydrogenase and fumarate reductase activity in Trichinella spiralis
      and the mode of action of some anthelmintics.

PMID- 4072214
TI  - Comparative study of the fatty acids of Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella nativa
      and Trichinella nelsoni.

PMID- 4072215
TI  - [Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in the blood and homogenates of the spleen,
      mesenteric lymph node and small intestine of mice with experimental Trichinella
      spiralis infection].

PMID- 4072216
TI  - [Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in the blood, spleen, mesenteric lymph node and
      small intestine of mice with Trichinella pseudospiralis infection].

PMID- 4072217
TI  - Canine trichinellosis: glucose, urea and total protein values.

PMID- 4072218
TI  - Canine trichinellosis: haematological changes during the infection.

PMID- 4072219
TI  - [Basophilic transformation of the muscle cells of mice during infection with
      Trichinella spiralis larvae. I. Intramuscular (synchronous) infection with larvae
      of various developmental stages].

PMID- 4072220
TI  - [Role of mast cells in mice with trichinosis. Effect of the serum prepared
      against peritoneal mastocytes and the serum against granules of intestinal
      mastocytes].

PMID- 4072221
TI  - [Value of various microelements in the course of Trichinella spiralis infection
      in mice].

PMID- 4072222
TI  - Trichinella pseudospiralis infection in Gallus domesticus. I. Intestinal and
      muscles phases.

PMID- 4072223
TI  - Trichinella pseudospiralis infection in Gallus domesticus. II. Influence on host
      body weight, haematological and immunological parameters.

PMID- 4072224
TI  - Effect of clofibrate on the endogenous cycle of Trichinella spiralis and
      Trichinella nelsoni.

PMID- 4072225
TI  - Trichinella inspection in the People's Republic of China.

PMID- 4072226
TI  - [Pulmonary mucormycosis. A case of successful treatment and a review of the
      literature].
AB  - A patient with documented mucormycosis survived after nephrectomy, lobectomy and
      Amphotericin B therapy. This is only the twentieth successfully treated patient
      with pulmonary mucormycosis reported in the English literature. A review of the
      literature reveals that aggressive surgical debridement remains the sine qua non
      for a successful outcome. However, Amphotericin B provides a necessary adjunct to
      the treatment of this systemic disease.

PMID- 4072228
TI  - [The course of pregnancy and fetal outcome after cesarean section].
AB  - The management of pregnant women with a history of one or more previous caesarean
      sections has gained enormous importance in view of the increased frequency of
      delivery by this operative procedure over the past decade. The risks of pregnancy
      and delivery in this particular group of women have been investigated in this
      statistical study of 316 women, whereby special attention has been paid to the
      mode of delivery and fetal outcome in comparison with a matched-pair group of the
      same parity. Repeat caesarean section was required in 58.9% of the test group and
      vacuum extraction or forceps delivery was necessary in 7.9% of cases, the
      incidence of these operative procedures being far higher than in the control
      group. However, the fetal outcome was very similar in both groups, with an
      uncorrected perinatal mortality of 2.5% and 1.9% in the test and control groups,
      respectively. The 1' and 5' Apgar scores were worse in those newborn infants
      delivered by vaginal operation or emergency caesarian section. The vaginal
      delivery of women with a history of caesarean section is not only perfectly
      feasible, but is connected with little risk provided mother and fetus are
      monitored with utmost care.

PMID- 4072227
TI  - [Platelet function after the single administration of buflomedil].
AB  - Earlier investigations have demonstrated that buflomedil, a substance which is
      successful in the clinical treatment of peripheral vascular disease, exerts an
      inhibitory effect on ADP-induced aggregation ex vivo and in vitro. In the
      presented study the effect of buflomedil on platelets is investigated. Clinically
      widely used platelet function tests were performed after a single oral dose of
      buflomedil (300 mg) to healthy volunteers. Again, an ex vivo inhibition of ADP
      induced aggregation was confirmed. None of the other parameters examined was
      influenced by the administered drug, such as plasma thromboxane B2, the platelet
      proteins, the platelet sensitivity to antiaggregatory prostaglandins and the
      prostacyclin synthesis stimulating plasma factor.

PMID- 4072229
TI  - [The possibility of a third fallopian tube].
AB  - This paper presents the case report of a woman with a third Fallopian tube, a
      rarity in the world literature. The occurrence was confirmed by X-ray
      (hysterosalpingography) and histological examination of the adnexae after
      hysterectomy 10 years later.

PMID- 4072230
TI  - The neonate with critical congenital heart disease: a surgical challenge.

PMID- 4072231
TI  - [Reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract with xenogeneic or
      allogeneic valve-bearing conduits].
AB  - From April 1974 to February 1985 131 patients were operated for reconstruction of
      the right ventricular outflow tract with 147 valve-carrying conduits. 79 were
      xenogenic (XC) and 68 sterilized and preserved allogenic (AC) conduits between
      right heart and lung in the following heart defects: DOLV 2, DORV 6, Fallot 24,
      pulmonary atresia 33, TGA, VSD and pulmonic stenosis 20, single ventricle 7,
      tricuspid atresia 10 and truncus arteriosus 41. Mean age was 6.6 and 5.2 years of
      age. The operative mortality was 13.6%. 11 more patients died later--2.0 months
      to 2.5 years postoperatively. 16 patients were reoperated (change of the
      conduit). The observation time is now 5 years in the XC-group and 1.4 years in
      the AC series. Up to now no dysfunction in the AC-group could be seen.

PMID- 4072232
TI  - Surgery for prosthetic valve endocarditis.
AB  - Infectious endocarditis is the main complication after prosthetic valvular
      replacement. 2 problems remain unsolved: 1. Diagnostic: Fever, heart failure and
      paravalvular leaks should be indications for re-operations. 2. Technical: perfect
      fixation of the prosthetic valve is a surgical challenge. The difficulties as
      shown here are the cause for so many operative techniques. Early surgical
      intervention is the best method to prevent myocardial failure.

PMID- 4072233
TI  - [Causes and importance of mitral valve insufficiency in the surgical treatment of
      hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy].
AB  - In hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) mitral incompetence is a
      frequent additional lesion. Echocardiography shows a SAM-phenomenon and the
      mitral suspension apparatus is transponed. In such cases myoectomy at typical
      spots alone or in combination with removal of the hypertrophied myocardium on the
      posterior wall of the left ventricle can influence the outflow tract positively.
      From 1963 to 1985 183 patients were operated with such lesions, 119 of them had
      preoperative mitral insufficiency of different degrees. In 9 patients mitral
      valve replacement was necessary. Hospital mortality was high in cases with mitral
      valve replacement. The decision whether the valve has to be replaced can be made
      after myocardectomy during the operation, but it should be done immediately, if
      mitral insufficiency persists.

PMID- 4072234
TI  - [Current state of treatment of bradycardia with various pacemaker systems].
AB  - The present state of knowledge about treatment of bradycardias with pacemakers is
      presented. Types of pacers as well as their coding, their differential
      indications for specific conditions and their complications and possibilities of
      controlling are described. Finally the percutaneous implantation technique for
      one- and two-chamber-systems with one or two electrodes via the subclavian vein
      is described as it was first published from this department in 1976.

PMID- 4072235
TI  - [Initial clinical experiences with the fibrin adhesive Beriplast in heart
      surgery].
AB  - Fibrin glue Beriplast was used during cardiovascular surgery in 97 patients. The
      fibrin seal was used for hemostasis on anastomoses, patches and suture lines.
      Moreover, the glue was applied for epicardial fixation of aorto-coronary vein
      grafts to prevent postoperative graft kinking. Following extrapleural ligation of
      patent duct in premature infants, the parietal pleura was fastened to the
      thoracic wall to prevent extrapleural pneumothorax or hemorrhage. After
      accidental dissection of the thoracic duct in infants, leakage of chyle could be
      sealed successfully in 6 cases. Hemorrhage from the sealed surfaces of suture
      lines was not observed. Viral hepatitis occurred postoperatively in 2 patients
      (3% of the operations for acquired heart disease), both of whom had also received
      clotting factor concentrate and blood transfusion because of postoperative
      hemorrhage not related to fibrin sealed surfaces. A causal relation between the
      hepatitis and application of the pasteurized fibrin glue seems very unlikely.
      Although fibrin glue certainly cannot replace the surgical suture, it appears to
      be a valuable aid under special conditions.

PMID- 4072236
TI  - Replantation for ring avulsion injuries.

PMID- 4072237
TI  - NIH Consensus Development Conference. Lowering blood cholesterol to prevent heart
      disease.

PMID- 4072238
TI  - Old versus new antiparkinsonian agents?

PMID- 4072239
TI  - Tuberculous otomastoiditis.

PMID- 4072240
TI  - Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome: importance of early diagnosis and
      appropriate management.

PMID- 4072241
TI  - Saving more money in MoTown.

PMID- 4072242
TI  - Irradiated foods.

PMID- 4072243
TI  - The health of adolescents and youth: a global overview.

PMID- 4072244
TI  - The coverage of maternity care: a critical review of available information.

PMID- 4072245
TI  - The epidemiology of perinatal mortality.

PMID- 4072246
TI  - Metabolism of tetraorganolead compounds by rat-liver microsomal mono-oxygenase.
      III. Enzymic dealkylation of tetramethyl lead compared with tetraethyl lead.
AB  - The enzymic transformation of tetramethyl lead (PbMe4) to the trimethyl lead
      cation is very rapid with sp. activities of 40-50 nmol/min per mg protein. The
      reaction has an apparent Km of 1.28 X 10(-5) M. PbMe4 binds to cytochrome P-450
      with a type 1 difference spectrum, Ks is 6.65 X 10(-6) M. Comparison of the data
      with results previously obtained for lead tetraethyl (PbEt4) shows that the 20
      times higher metabolic rates observed with PbMe4 are related to an intrinsic
      higher O2 activation as well as to a more effective O2 utilization by that
      substrate.

PMID- 4072247
TI  - Hepatic uptake and metabolism of pentacaine: a study with microsomes, hepatocytes
      and perfused livers of rats.
AB  - The uptake and metabolism of pentacaine, a novel carbanilate local anaesthetic
      agent, were studied using different rat-liver preparations. Pentacaine, added to
      a rat-liver microsomal suspension, elicited a type-I spectrum with Ks of 2.3
      microM. The Km for total metabolism of pentacaine by rat-liver microsomes was
      33.5 microM and in isolated hepatocytes 19.1 microM. Good agreement was obtained
      between the Vmax values for both in vitro systems and for perfused rat liver. In
      an isolated perfused rat liver the mean extraction ratio of pentacaine was 0.99
      for a single pass, but it was significantly decreased by the presence of albumin
      and red blood cells. The uptake of pentacaine by isolated hepatocytes was rapid
      and independent of drug concn. over the range 0-200 microM. The high hepatic
      extraction of pentacaine is probably due mostly to passive diffusion and non
      specific intracellular binding; metabolic elimination is secondary and much
      slower than uptake. The extensive first-pass removal of free pentacaine suggests
      that the systemic fraction of an oral dose in vivo is derived mainly from drug
      bound to blood components.

PMID- 4072248
TI  - The influence of an experimental liver cirrhosis upon the metabolism of diazepam
      and imipramine hydrochloride in the rat.
AB  - When either diazepam or imipramine hydrochloride was administered orally to rats
      with thioacetamide-induced hepatic cirrhosis, the biliary and faecal elimination
      of metabolites was significantly decreased compared with that in normal animals.
      However, renal excretion of metabolites of diazepam or imipramine was increased
      in the liver-damaged rats. Experiments in vitro showed that liver homogenates
      from cirrhotic rats metabolized diazepam or imipramine hydrochloride in
      qualitatively and quantitatively similar ways to those from normal rats.
      Clearance of radioactivity from the blood following i.v. administration of either
      diazepam or imipramine hydrochloride was prolonged in animals with experimental
      cirrhosis.

PMID- 4072249
TI  - Metabolism of the carcinogen 7-methylbenz[c]-acridine in the rat.
AB  - The biliary excretion of radioactivity by adult Wistar rats given i.v. 7-methyl
      [7-14C]benz[c]acridine(14C-7-MBAC) and [methyl-3H]-7-methylbenz[c]acridine (3H-7
      MBAC) (2 mg/kg) was 61% and 48%, respectively, in males in six hours. Females
      excreted 33% of a 2 mg/kg dose of 3H-7-MBAC in the same time-period. For male
      rats, the urinary and faecal excretions were about 10% and 61% of the dose of 14C
      7-MBAC, respectively, in seven days. No enterohepatic circulation could be
      demonstrated in control male rats. The biliary excretion of radioactivity by
      phenobarbital- and 3-methylcholanthrene-induced male rats given 14C-7-MBAC was
      similar to or greater than that of control male rats. The organo-soluble biliary
      metabolites after beta-glucuronidase/arylsulphatase hydrolysis were separated by
      h.p.l.c., and quantitative metabolite distributions were obtained for induced and
      control rats by comparison with metabolite standards. The mutagenicity of bile
      from carcinogen-dosed control rats was greater than that of equivalent bile from
      carcinogen-dosed 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated animals.

PMID- 4072250
TI  - Sulindac oxidation/reduction by microbial cultures; microbial models of mammalian
      metabolism.
AB  - The oxidation and reduction of the sulphoxide moiety of the anti-inflammatory
      agent sulindac was investigated to explore microbial systems exhibiting parallels
      of known mammalian metabolism. Of 24 cultures initially screened, four catalysed
      the expected reactions in analytical studies. Arthrobacter species (ATCC 19140)
      and Sporobolomyces pararoseus (ATCC 11386) produced sulindac sulphide,
      Aspergillus alliaceus (NRRL 315) produced sulindac sulphone, and Nocardia
      corallina (ATCC 19070) produced both the sulphide and sulphone. Preparative-scale
      production and full structural elucidation of metabolites was accomplished for
      sulindac sulphide with Arthrobacter species, and sulindac sulphone with A.
      alliaceus and N. corallina. N. corallina also exhibited an aeration-dependent,
      reversible reduction of sulindac to the sulphide, and further oxidation to the
      sulphone. This organism thus parallels the composite of major phase-I redox
      transformations of this drug observed in mammals.

PMID- 4072251
TI  - Phenol oxidation product(s), formed by a peroxidase reaction, that bind to DNA.
AB  - Phenol oxidation by horseradish peroxidase/H2O2 initially results in p,p'
      biphenol and o.o'-biphenol formation and subsequently results in polymer
      formation. o,o'-Biphenol is the major product formed, but it is rapidly oxidized
      to the polymer, particularly in the presence of phenol. p,p'-Biphenol is very
      rapidly oxidized to p,p'-biphenoquinone which can also be involved in polymer
      formation. Extensive binding of 14C-phenol oxidation products to DNA occurs if
      the DNA is present in the reaction mixture. However, enzymic hydrolysis of DNA
      releases the bound polymers. p,p'-Biphenol, however, did not bind to DNA
      following peroxidase-catalysed oxidation, but o,o'-biphenol readily binds to DNA
      following peroxidase-catalysed oxidation. Enzymic hydrolysis of the oxidized o,o'
      biphenol-bound DNA also resulted in the release of the polymers.

PMID- 4072252
TI  - Toxicity studies with cellular models of differentiation.
AB  - Recently a variety of models have been developed in several laboratories to allow
      the study of various types of tissue differentiation processes from species
      ranging from lower animals to mammals. If the use of in vitro systems is intended
      to reveal toxic effects, two main lines of application may be envisaged (a) toxic
      effects, for which some indication already exists, can be further characterized
      and the mode of their toxic action clarified ('secondary testing'), and (b) toxic
      effects, previously unknown, can be detected ('primary testing'). Primary testing
      is difficult, regarding not only the strategy to be used and the validation of
      the system, but also the extrapolation of data to the situation which possibly
      exists in man. Due to these reasons, this approach has so far not been
      successfully applied with any group of chemicals.

PMID- 4072253
TI  - Chondrogenesis of limb-bud cells: improved culture method and the effect of the
      potent teratogen retinoic acid.
AB  - A new apparatus for the mild and reproducible dissociation of rat limb buds into
      single cells is described. The growth and differentiation of the embryonic
      mesenchyme cells into chrondrocytes was markedly affected by the conditions of
      tissue dissociation and the serum used. The degree of chondrogenesis was assessed
      by alcian blue staining, specific for cartilage matrix. Retinoic acid, a known
      teratogen, inhibited chondrogenesis completely in a dose-dependent manner. The
      determination of the quantifiable end-point, IC50 in this cell-culture system,
      may be suitable to compare the activity of various retinoids and eventually to
      determine their teratogenic potential.

PMID- 4072254
TI  - Biochemical mechanisms and morphological selectivity in hepatotoxicity: studies
      in cultures of hepatic-parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells.
AB  - Primary cultures of rat-liver parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells have been
      used to study some of the factors influencing the selective injury that can be
      caused in vivo by the direct-acting hepatotoxins beryllium, cadmium, ricin and
      modeccin to either liver-parenchymal or non-parenchymal cells. The studies on
      beryllium and cadmium compounds show that it is necessary to consider the
      chemical species generated in the culture medium, since particulate or colloidal
      forms are taken up predominantly by non-parenchymal cells whereas soluble forms
      more readily enter parenchymal cells. The studies with the glycoproteins ricin
      and modeccin illustrate the importance in their selective cell toxicity of
      specific membrane-recognition processes present in liver cells, particularly
      uptake in non-parenchymal cells through interactions with terminal mannose
      oligosaccharides in the toxins.

PMID- 4072255
TI  - Effects of cyproheptadine on the rat yolk sac membrane and embryonic development
      in vitro.
AB  - Electron-microscopic examinations of rat embryonic yolk sacs treated in vitro
      with 1.5 X 10(-5) M cyproheptadine showed proliferation of the lysosomal
      structures; other organelles remained unaffected, and also overall yolk-sac
      growth and vascularization were comparable to non-treated samples. Radioactive
      measurements with 125I-labelled albumin showed that yolk sacs and embryos of the
      cyproheptadine-treated group incorporated less radioactivity than the controls.
      Embryos inside the yolk sacs, treated either for 24 or 48 h, were severely
      retarded in growth and differentiation (approximately 50% of the controls). It is
      suggested that the specific action of cyproheptadine on yolk-sac lysosomal
      structures, combined with reduced macromolecular transport, is the cause of
      inhibited embryonic development.

PMID- 4072256
TI  - Photometric recording of cell viability using trypan blue in perfused cell
      cultures.
AB  - A perfusion system was developed to increase the reliability of cell viability
      estimations by continuous measurement of the uptake of trypan blue dye. Monolayer
      cell cultures were perfused with buffer containing toxic substances and trypan
      blue, and the staining of cells was continuously recorded at 591 nm in a
      spectrophotometer. Using mercuric chloride and methylmercuric chloride as test
      substances with C6 rat glioma cells, time- and dose-dependent increases in light
      absorbance were obtained over a 12h recording period. Methylmercuric chloride at
      10(-6) M caused a half-maximal increase in relative absorbance in 4.5 h, whereas
      the corresponding time for mercuric chloride was 10.5 h.

PMID- 4072257
TI  - Toxicity monitored with a correlated set of cell-culture assays.
AB  - A set of assays for toxicity has been developed in which cell cultures serve as
      an alternative to toxicity testing in vivo. One test is the assessment of the
      highest concentration of toxicant which produces minimal morphological
      alterations in cell cultures, followed by the determination of the amount of
      neutral red dye uptake by the cells. A second test is based on 50% inhibition of
      uptake of [3H]uridine after incubation of the cultures with the toxicant. There
      is good agreement between these assays in the rank correlation of a broad
      spectrum of compounds tested, as well as with the data from Draize rabbit eye
      irritancy tests in vivo.

PMID- 4072258
TI  - Screening for eye irritancy using cultured HeLa cells.
AB  - To investigate whether toxicity tests on HeLa cells were predictive of eye
      irritancy, 18 compounds of known eye irritancy and in vitro cytotoxicity were
      tested on HeLa cells in the MIT-24 system. The results correlated well with eye
      irritancy as determined by the Draize test in rabbits for 16 of the test
      substances, but failed to detect the high eye irritancy of 1-heptanol and allyl
      alcohol, both of which were cytotoxic in other cellular systems.

PMID- 4072259
TI  - Xenobiotic influences on embryonic differentiation, growth and morphology in
      vitro.
AB  - Direct in vitro exposure of post-implantation rat embryos to 18 known teratogens
      induced typical malformations in all cases. Of 21 non-teratogens in vivo, 20
      induced, in vitro either no malformations at all, even at high concentrations, or
      abnormal development could only be observed at concentrations which affected
      growth and differentiation significantly. Responses of chemically induced exposed
      embryos in vitro occurred within wide concentration ranges. Actinomycin D, for
      example, affected embryonic development at a concentration as low as 3 X 10(-4)
      micrograms/ml, whereas other substances had no effect at concentrations up to 9 X
      10(2) micrograms/ml.

PMID- 4072260
TI  - Effects of toxic chemicals on the respiratory activity of cultured mouse
      neuroblastoma cells.
AB  - Twenty common toxic chemicals were tested for their ability to inhibit
      respiratory activity in cultured mouse neuroblastoma C1300 cells, clone 41A3.
      Pentachlorophenol and hexachlorophene exhibited the properties of uncouplers of
      oxidative phosphorylation, whereas for KCN, pyridine, 2,5-hexandione, NaAsO2,
      K2Cr2O7, HgCl2, methylmercury and triethyltin more simple time-courses of
      inhibition were obtained. Ethanol, methanol, dimethyl sulphoxide, benzidine,
      nickel acetate, MnCl2, phenol, CoCl2, Na2SeO3 and CdCl2 did not cause any
      significant changes in respiratory activity. Among the effective compounds, those
      with well-known neurotoxic properties were the most potent in inhibiting
      respiration in 41A3 cells.

PMID- 4072261
TI  - Modification of the erythrocyte anion carrier by chromate.
AB  - It was confirmed that chromate is taken up by human erythrocytes via the general
      anion carrier. The chromate flux is unidirectional and chromium is accumulated
      within red cells presumably due to intracellular reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III).
      The analysis of the initial rates of uptake of chromate revealed two distinct
      uptake mechanisms at low (0.001-0.01 mM) and at high (0.05-1.0 mM) chromate
      concentrations. After prolonged incubation with 1 mM chromate, the subsequent
      rate of uptake of chromate was decreased. It is suggested that the decreased
      uptake is due to a modification of the anion-transport protein by chromate.

PMID- 4072262
TI  - Factors influencing cadmium uptake and cytotoxicity in cultured cells.
AB  - Cultured Chinese hamster B14F28 and HeLa cells in early lag and stationary phases
      accumulated less cadmium than cells in logarithmic growth. Pretreatment of the
      cell cultures with a non-toxic concentration of cadmium lead to adaptation of the
      response to subsequent high concentrations. The pretreated cells did not differ
      from controls in their uptake of cadmium. HeLa cell cultures accumulated more
      cadmium than B14F28 cultures and differed in their sensitivity to cadmium. The
      cytotoxicity of cadmium in the two cell lines did not correlate with uptake of
      cadmium. Cells accumulated more cadmium and exhibited enhanced toxicity with
      increasing pH of the medium. Serum and serum albumin reduced the uptake of
      cadmium and the cytotoxicity. Increasing concentrations of calcium ions depressed
      the uptake of cadmium, while magnesium and phosphate ions exerted no effect.

PMID- 4072263
TI  - Erythromycin toxicity in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Cultured rat hepatocytes were used to study the toxicity of erythromycin base
      (EB), erythromycin estolate (EE) and a new fluorinated derivative, (8S)-8
      fluoroerythromycin A (EF). EF was not cytotoxic after 18 h incubation at
      concentrations up to 8 X 10(-4) M and EE was much more toxic than EB at all
      concentrations studied. EE toxicity was greater in a serum-free medium and was
      not increased by induction of cytochrome P-450 with phenobarbitone. In
      hepatocytes co-cultured with rat-liver epithelial cells EE, but not EF, raised
      the cytochrome P-450 content and formed stable cytochrome P-450 complexes with
      about 40% of the haemoprotein. The lack of correlation between cytochrome P-450
      content and cytotoxicity suggests that some of the parent erythromycin drugs and
      not their metabolites are the toxic entities.

PMID- 4072264
TI  - Adjuvant treatment with chemotherapeutic agents and polyadenylic-polyuridylic
      acid in operable stomach cancers. I. Enhancement of natural killer cell activity.

PMID- 4072265
TI  - Phrenic nerve conduction studies in healthy Koreans.

PMID- 4072266
TI  - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in acute carbon monoxide poisoning.

PMID- 4072267
TI  - Subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis: I. Histopathologic study.

PMID- 4072268
TI  - Computer-based quality assurance system.

PMID- 4072269
TI  - Diagnostic and therapeutic significance of sinoscopy in maxillary sinusitis.

PMID- 4072270
TI  - Current status of tetanus in Korea--observation from a public health and clinical
      aspect on the past 10 years.

PMID- 4072271
TI  - Cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis--a case report.

PMID- 4072272
TI  - Phosphorus and calcium homeostasis in chronic subtotally nephrectomized
      parathyroidectomized rats.

PMID- 4072273
TI  - Non-O group 1 Vibrio cholerae septicemia and peritonitis--report of two cases.

PMID- 4072274
TI  - [Peculiarities of pharmacotherapy in the aged].

PMID- 4072275
TI  - [Biologic aging. 23. Endocrine responsibility in the aged as exemplified by
      glucocorticoid receptors].
AB  - In liver cytosol of adrenalectomized female Wistar rats the concentration of
      unoccupied glucocorticoid binding sites is increased in ageing compared with
      young animals. The affinity of hormone to the receptor protein ist not changed
      significantly.

PMID- 4072276
TI  - [Biologic aging. 24. Circadian rhythm of lipid metabolism parameters in relation
      to age].
AB  - The age dependence of hepatic fatty acid synthesis and of the activities of
      lipogenic enzymes of the liver and of adipose tissue of Wistar-rats was
      investigated over the 24 hours period. The data were analyzed according to the so
      called "cosinor procedure" for detecting circadian rhythms and for objectively
      describing their parameters. In the age groups 3 and 18 months hepatic fatty acid
      synthesis and the lipogenic liver enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6
      phospho-gluconate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme show circadian rhythms with
      maximum values in the early dark period. In adipose tissue of old rats the enzyme
      activities are lowered and no significant circadian rhythms for glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme are detectable.

PMID- 4072277
TI  - Circadian rhythms of lipidic fractions in elderly persons.
AB  - In elderly persons a circadian rhythm for total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol,
      beta-lipoproteins and triglycerides was observed. The other lipidic fraction do
      not have any evident circadian rhythm, although Apo-A has a statistical
      probability near the standard significance level for cosinor method. With
      exception of triglycerides, the amplitude of the rhythm is small.

PMID- 4072278
TI  - [Significance of determining biologic aging for gerontology].
AB  - Based upon historical findings in age research the authors state that new, actual
      hypotheses and models and the experimental examination of which incite re
      thinking on the inter-disciplinary role or gerontology. The authors start from
      the fact that it seems to be possible today - GDR gerontology is capable to
      essentially support international research activities - to sufficiently precisely
      determine the biological age(ing) of human beings by the multi-factorial
      functional diagnostics. The degree of vitality is hereby applied as the criterion
      of biological age(ing) that considers the asynchronous bio-social dynamics of
      human ageing during the periods of development, maturity and regression.
      Gerontology is thereby now capable to define sex differently valid references
      values ("standard values") for vitality and biological age throughout all the
      ages. The authors elaborate the idea that the efforts of medical research
      activities are concentrating on the attempt to improve vitality which has been
      reduced by illness to an age-adequate level, while sport sciences are trying to
      increase vitality beyond this level during all the periods of life. From these
      aspects gerontology wins a new inter-disciplinary status as a scientific
      theoretical and operational link between medicine and sport sciences. Both,
      gerontology and sports medicine in particular will have to make pioneers' works
      to spread these ideas.

PMID- 4072279
TI  - [Mortality and biologic aging in the human].
AB  - Summarizing it can be said that the statistical approach proposed in the present
      paper constitutes a starting point for one of the possible alternatives regarding
      quantitative assessments of the relationship between features and the vitality
      level and the mortality of man. The other alternatives and modifications that
      permit to increase the information content of the calculations should also be
      used to obtain an idea of the overall system.

PMID- 4072280
TI  - [Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of lymphomas in the aged].

PMID- 4072281
TI  - [Magnetic resonance tomography (MRT). 2: Clinical uses].

PMID- 4072282
TI  - [Chemical toxic liver damage as an industrial medicine problem].

PMID- 4072283
TI  - [Intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) in accident surgery ambulatory care with
      special reference to the lower extremity].

PMID- 4072284
TI  - [Clinical aspects and therapy of the septate gallbladder].

PMID- 4072285
TI  - [Porphyria diagnosis in urine with special reference to simple search tests].

PMID- 4072286
TI  - [Cerebral seizures in children with meningitis caused by pneumococci and
      Haemophilus influenzae].

PMID- 4072287
TI  - [Review of synthetic materials for retinal surgery].

PMID- 4072288
TI  - [Further education for the specialist in general medicine in East Germany-
      results of an analysis].

PMID- 4072289
TI  - [Therapy and prevention with metronidazole].

PMID- 4072290
TI  - [Psychotherapeutically oriented work with parents of the chronically ill child
      exemplified by guidance of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta].

PMID- 4072291
TI  - [Cerebrovascular insufficiency (CVI) from the viewpoint of the
      neuropsychiatrist].

PMID- 4072292
TI  - [Possibilities of radiotherapy of esophageal cancer].

PMID- 4072293
TI  - [Use of ELISA in the detection of rubella antibodies].

PMID- 4072294
TI  - [Prevention of wound infections in burns with special reference to protective
      clothing].

PMID- 4072295
TI  - [Wound infections--etiology and antibiotic resistance of pathogens in
      Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 4072296
TI  - [A bile-chrysoidine-glycerol culture medium and its use in the diagnosis of gram
      negative aerobic bacteria, especially Enterobacteriaceae].

PMID- 4072297
TI  - [Elimination of salmonellas from community waste water].

PMID- 4072298
TI  - [Mutagenic activity of environmental pollutants: a structure-activity analogy
      model].

PMID- 4072299
TI  - [Retrospective evaluation of exposure in the assessment of chronic dust
      bronchitis as an occupational disease].

PMID- 4072300
TI  - [Initial results of radiant heat exposure of arc welders and gray cast welders
      during work].

PMID- 4072301
TI  - [Current status of occupational medicine in the Republic of Cuba].

PMID- 4072302
TI  - [Conditions for a healthy life style of pregnant females in the country-
      exemplified by the Sternberg district].

PMID- 4072303
TI  - [Health behavior of pregnant females in the country].

PMID- 4072304
TI  - [Cigarette consumption of pregnant females in the country].

PMID- 4072305
TI  - [Test for evaluating postischemic circulatory reaction (the ischemia test)-
      results in normotensive and hypertensive patients of different ages].
AB  - A method for the judgment of the postischaemic blood supply of the muscles--the
      ischaemia-test--is demonstrated, which is based on the plethysmography during
      phlebemphraxis. The difference of the angles between increase of peak-flow and
      last flow in the rapid registration of the peak-flow is its parameter. It renders
      possible the judgment of the microcirculation, so far as no disturbance of the
      macrocirculation is present. In 142 normotensive and 244 hypertensive test
      persons with healthy vessels of the 3rd to 8th decade of life by means of the
      ischaemia test demonstrated significant differences in the course of the reactive
      hyperaemia could be stated in hypertensives and with increasing age in
      normotensive and younger test persons. Due to a large number of scarcely
      differentiable local chemical and local mechanical influential factors the
      interpretation of the results is rendered difficult. It is supposed that with
      growing age and in hypertensives there are aggravated exchange conditions between
      blood and muscle tissue due to obstruction of capillary diffusion, whereas the
      conditions of perfusions of the terminal vascular system are undisturbed.

PMID- 4072306
TI  - [Absolute arrhythmia without an initially recognizable cause--prognosis and
      course].
AB  - On the basis of a 10-year course examination of 21 patients with absolute
      arrhythmia (a. p.) should be tested whether it is justified to assume a purely
      functional cause of disturbances of rhythm in initially normal internal basis
      findings. In the period of the examinations no patient had died. Five patients
      showed an organic heart disease without any stronger functional effects (mitral
      insufficiency, coronary heart disease, hypertension, hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy). In two of them complications had appeared (brain embolisms,
      myocardial infarction). The remaining patients were without any complaints and
      capable to work, apart from the intermittent or persisting disturbance of rhythm
      which continued to appear in all cases, and had again normal basis findings.
      However, in six of them echocardiographical deviations were found. In initially
      normal basis findings and a.p. at first a good prognosis is to be assumed.
      Regular control examinations are, however, necessary, that the manifestation of
      organic basic disease which appears among our patients in 1/4 of the cases is not
      overseen.

PMID- 4072307
TI  - [Leprosy--observations, experiences, problems].
AB  - From the field of view of own observative and experiences was tried to outline
      the present situation in leprosy. It is referred to the results of the modern
      epidemiological, bacteriological, immunological and medicamentous leprosy
      research which was particularly stimulated under the impression of the increasing
      DDS-resistance of the leprosy bacteria. At present ambulatory polychemotherapy,
      sometimes combined with a vaccination technique, is in the centre of the world
      wide combat programme against leprosy. In no other infectious disease, however,
      social-economical points of view are so important as in leprosy and in the
      opinion of the author they are finally also decisive for an actually successful
      and permanent combat.

PMID- 4072308
TI  - [Myocardial biopsy in suspected myocardial sarcoidosis].
AB  - 24 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis stage I or II, who above all on account of
      changes of the ECG roused the suspicion of the presence of a sarcoidosis of the
      myocardium, finally underwent an invasive examination with laevocardiography,
      coronarography and biopsy of the endomyocardium. While the unaimed taking of
      tissue from the left ventricle did not result light-microscopically in a
      reference to granulomas or other inflammatory changes, the biopsy in a female
      patient, on purpose taken from a hypokinetic area of the left ventricle, showed
      epitheloid-cellular granulomas with giant-cells. Evaluating these results and
      reports in literatur, we came to the conclusion that findings typical for
      sarcoidosis are promising success only when taken from cardiographically
      suspicious areas of the myocardium.

PMID- 4072309
TI  - [Significance and scope of interdisciplinary cooperation in the specialty of
      internal medicine (inpatients)].
AB  - In a department of internal medicine of a district hospital all consultations
      given by representatives of non-internal medical specialties and by specialized
      or highly specialized representatives of the subject of internal medicine in a
      period of five months were registered. In 29% of all patients attended in the
      period of observation consultation achievements were demanded. 65% of these
      achievements could be realized by physicians working in hospitals or outpatient
      departments of the district. 23% of the consultations were carried out by
      specialists from institutions conducted by county authorities. 11% of the
      consultations were carried out by highly specialized physicians of university
      clinics and academy institutes. The investigation confirms the high significance
      of the inter-disciplinary cooperation for the subject of internal medicine.
      cooperation for the subject of internal

PMID- 4072310
TI  - [Frequency, clinical aspects and classification of diabetic polyneuro
      osteoarthropathy].
AB  - Under the aspect of a neuropathic osteoarthropathy 1,011 diabetics looked after
      by a district department for diabetes and metabolic diseases were examined
      according to anamnestic, clinical, laboratory-chemical, radiological and
      neurological criteria. Since up to now there are no homogeneous diagnostic
      standards for a diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy, a defined proposition for the
      classification of this clinical picture into a positive, probable and possible
      form is made. A frequency of the arthropathy with typical radiological symptoms
      of 0.9% (positive form) was found. In 5.6% a probable, in 5.0% a possible
      diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy was supposed. Altogether is to be estimated that
      in a diabetes mellitus of type I, long duration of the disease as well as
      unstable metabolism a clear accumulation of the most symptoms and clinical
      findings is present. Close correlations could be established between
      radiopathological and clinical, particulary clinical-neurological examination
      results.

PMID- 4072311
TI  - [Changes in the metabolic parameters in patients with acute myocardial infarct in
      the course of the rehabilitation phase II].
AB  - In a prospective study 32 patients with condition after acute myocardial
      infarction in the rehabilitation phase II were observed concerning the metabolic
      parameters, beta-lipoproteins, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, uric acid and
      lactate. At the beginning and at the end of the sports therapy the metabolic
      parameters were tested in rest as well as after exertion. The investigation led
      to the following results: 1. Increase of the physical efficiency from 134.0 to
      142.0 Watt (non-significant); 2. the size of the biochemical parameters (beta
      lipoproteins, cholesterol, uric acid, glucose) remained unchanged in the process
      of rehabilitation. 3. During the exertions themselves (hour of sports therapy,
      bicycle ergometer) in each case a non-significant increase of the beta
      lipoproteins, the cholesterol and the values of uric acid appeared.

PMID- 4072312
TI  - [Diagnosis and course of tuberculosis especially from the viewpoint of clinically
      unknown deaths].
AB  - Every time the tuberculosis is present and it is to be included in the
      differentialdiagnosis if the occasion arrises. In the anamnesis it is necessary
      to pay attention to specific diseases and the risk groups like patients with "21
      day-cough", silicotics, "Contrast-articularis bronchitics", diabetics, so-called
      "persons with fibrotic lesions" and patients with frequent influenzal infections.
      The symptoms unclear gastric distress, want of appetite, indifferent loss in
      weight, uneasiness, slight vertigo and fast tiredness already give further
      references. Breath-pain, haemoptysis and subfebrile temperatures are already
      severe symptoms. A thorax X ray-photograph, tuberculin test, heamogram,
      sedimentation test and intensive search for mycobacteria, belong to the
      diagnosis. In extrapulmonary foci the search for mycobacteria is to try by swab,
      puncture, control of urine and menstrual blood. It is possible, that a histologic
      corroboration will be necessary. Unclear fever, headache and vomiting with or
      without dyspnoea, cyanosis and diaphragmatic lowness indicate a ocular
      reflection, liver biopsy and, in special case, a lumbar puncture without delay.
      Sooner or later the course of an unrecognized phthisis can result in death. It is
      necessary to fill up the gap between welltime diagnosis and death by unknown
      tuberculosis. That means: Thorough knowledge of matter, insight into the disease
      course and inducement of all necessary diagnostic possibilities.

PMID- 4072313
TI  - [Acute respiratory distress syndrome of the adult].
AB  - In a 43-year-old female patient after a bland influenzal infection suddenly an
      acute life-threatening picture of a disease with severe dyspnoea developed.
      Radiologically a distinct interstitial oedema was to be seen. According to the
      clinical and paraclinical data the case in question was the benign for of an
      acute dyspnoea syndrome of the adult. Etiology and therapy of the acute dyspnoea
      syndrome are shown. This picture of a disease should be included into the
      differential-diagnostic consideration in acute conditions of dyspnoea.

PMID- 4072314
TI  - [Prevention of habitual abortion by buffycoat transfusions].
AB  - From an immunological point of view the product of pregnancy may be regarded as a
      haplo-different allotransplant. A system possibly closely linked to the HLA
      region is postulated to lead to the immunological recognition of the fetus by the
      mother and, paradoxically, to a take of the "transplant". The postulated system
      apparently codes for antigens present on both trophoblast and adult lymphocytes
      (TLX = trophoblast-lymphocyte-crossreacting). The prevention of rejection is
      thought to be effected by blocking factors (BF) present in the serum or plasma of
      the mother. There may be different kinds of BF: a specific BF (detectable only in
      an autologous assay system), appearing late in pregnancy, which inhibits several
      lymphocyte-dependent reactions (e.g. production of MIF, MLC). This BF has been
      identified as an IgG-class antibody. a nonspecific BF, appearing early in
      pregnancy which inhibits the MLC in vitro. c) may be a third BF, also specific,
      which is found only in plasma but not in serum. All described BF-activities were
      absent in women with habitual abortions. HLA-identity or partial identity could
      imply TLX-identity. The consequence of such an identity could be: non-detection
      of the trophoblast by the immune system of the mother, no production of BF,
      abortion. However several investigators could not find any HLA-identity of the
      partners with habitual abortions. A protective effect on the fetus has been seen
      when pregnant women were immunised with adult leukocytes, using either buffycoats
      from various HLA-different but bloodgroup-compatible donors or isolated
      leukocytes from the spouse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4072315
TI  - [Correlation of labor onset, membrane rupture and birth with meteorological
      events].
AB  - The birth-physiological events: beginning of labour, rupture of membranes and
      delivery of 6 539 cases in the years 1976 to 1981 can be correlated with five
      groups of weather situations: no definite pressure gradient, anticyclonic,
      meridional, zonal mild maritime, and cyclonic. THE RESULTS: temporary increase of
      the frequency of births in weather with no definite pressure gradient in summer,
      in anticyclonic weather in winter and in cyclonic weather in the first half of
      the year, correspond only partly (namely for the changes within the group of
      cyclonic weather) with the temporarily increasing number of births during a
      weather front, as it ist known from experience. The causes of the correlations
      found out are unknown, and the setting up of a statistical model and consequently
      an obstestrical-metereological forecast is impossible for the time being.

PMID- 4072316
TI  - [Do extended preventive indications for cervix cerclage increase labor
      complications? A statistical analysis on direct and indirect complications of
      cerclage using Bavarian perinatal data 1978-1980].
AB  - On the basis of 159.710 single pregnancies with 11.321 cerclages documented in
      the Bavarian Perinatal Survey of 1978-1980, with 2.676 single-child births, and
      514 cerclages performed on the authors' own patients, possible complications of
      the extended indication for cerclage were determined as follows: The late
      abortion rate was not increased. Possibly because the group represented a
      negative selection, rupture of the membranes prior to labour, infant mortality
      due to infection, and premature labour were significantly more common in gravidae
      who had undergone cerclage. However, it was not possible to identify a causal
      connection between these and the cerclage operation. With regard to indirect
      complications there was an appreciable increase in the number of caesarean
      deliveries among cerclage patients, a slight increase in the number of cases in
      which labour lasted over 12 hours, and a significant increase in the number of
      lacerations of the cervix. There was no increase in the incidence of post-term
      births, malformations, stillbirths, or infantile acidosis among the children of
      patients who had undergone cerclage.

PMID- 4072317
TI  - [Significance of tcPO2 limit values in classification of cardiotocograms].
AB  - The continuous transcutaneous measurement of oxygen pressure has got an important
      method for the improvement of CTG-changes. A quantitative evaluation of the tcPO2
      curve allows a better prediction of hypoxemia and acidosis with help of the CTG.
      Precondition is the examination of bound-values from the tcPO2-parameters:
      Baseline of oxygen pressure (PB), decrease of oxygen pressure (PD) and its delay
      time (DL). For this purpose we used 1 027 contraction patterns from 48 tcPO2-CTGs
      with 12 000 single parameter-values. It seems, that 11-12 mmHg (1,47-1,6 kPa) is
      a significant bound. CTG-pattern with PB greater than or equal to 15 mmHg (2 kPa)
      are not connected with hypoxemia and PB-values less than or equal to 10 mmHg
      (1,33 kPa) show the hypoxemic image of the CTG. The contraction-related decrease
      of oxygen pressure (PD) and its delay time (DL) are useful for estimation of the
      importance of variable decelerations. PD less than 2 or 3 mmHg (0,27-0,4 kPa) and
      DL higher than 46 seconds allow a classification of variable decelerations to the
      not hypoxemic type. PD equal to or greater than 5 mmHg (0,67 kPa) and DL between
      40 and 20 seconds are suspicious for the hypoxemic type. These investigations are
      the supposition for a computer-aided classification of CTG-pattern with bound
      values of the tcPO2-curve.

PMID- 4072318
TI  - [Multifocal atrial tachycardia in the newborn infant--obstetrical implications].
AB  - The present discussion deals with the rare multifocal atrial tachycardia in the
      neonate, initiated by a recent case in our clinic. The difficulties in prenatally
      diagnosing the disease by cardiotocography are as well discussed as the obstetric
      management.

PMID- 4072319
TI  - [Hexoprenaline tocolysis--side effects in the child?].
AB  - There were examined two groups of children, whose mother were treated with the
      uterine relaxant Hexoprenalin. 21 children were examined when they were three
      years of age, 28 children during their first week of live (internistic and
      neurological findings, EKG and blood-analyses). There were no signes of
      pathological development; all the findings were within the norm.

PMID- 4072320
TI  - [In vitro studies of allergen activity and the depot effect of semi-depot
      extracts of grass pollen].
AB  - Employing two different techniques--Al-RAST and RAST inhibition test--we studied
      semi-depot extracts of grass pollen from six producers. On one hand, we measured
      the amount of allergens absorbed by Al(OH)3 gel; on the other hand, we determined
      the quantity of allergens solved in the aqueous phase. Furthermore, we checked up
      the continuous release of allergens from the depot by means of a simple in vitro
      model. The six different semi-depot extracts revealed different amounts of
      allergens in the depot (Al[OH]3) as well as in the aqueous phase. As we measured
      the continuous release of allergens, we found that all six extracts behaved
      nearly identically regarding their function as depots, but were different
      respecting the released amount of allergens. Summing up, it may be said that
      therapy extracts--analogous to previously examined test extracts--show
      differences with regard to their allergenic activities but very similar
      properties in respect to their function as depots.

PMID- 4072321
TI  - [Skin blood flow measurement in microangiopathic changes].
AB  - The classical Martorell-ulcer, which is--according to the original criteria-
      rather rare, is preceded and accompanied by characteristic microangiopathic
      signs, the so-called "Pigmented Praetibial Patches" (PPP's). These signs are of
      great diagnostic significance. In complicated pathology it is important to
      measure skin blood flow and especially the reactions on a temporary arterial
      occlusion and on the application of a vasodilating ointment. For this purpose a
      method is used, based upon measurement of heat transport in the superficial 1.5
      mm of the skin.

PMID- 4072322
TI  - [Physical, physiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of thermography in
      clinical dermatology].
AB  - Clinical application of thermovision in dermatology is a non-contact, sterile,
      and absolutely harmless method and offers a variety of diagnostic and
      therapeutical possibilities regarding the detection of irregularities in the
      temperature distribution of the skin. Thermovision provides us with information
      about the extent of dermatoses or tumors, metastases, as well as the response to
      therapy. Another important medical application of thermovision is dynamic testing
      in dermato-surgery. This technique is fundamental with regard to diagnosis,
      management planning, differential diagnosis, monitoring of therapeutical effects,
      and as a very sensitive detector of recurrence. We are going to demonstrate the
      applications mentioned above on the basis of a few examples.

PMID- 4072323
TI  - [Skin metastases of malignant melanoma clinically simulating folliculitis].
AB  - Cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma were seen as small red papules with
      central hair resembling the typical clinical picture of folliculitis. This type
      of cutaneous metastasis was observed in a 51-year-old woman 12 months and in a 42
      year-old man 30 months after wide excision of cutaneous malignant melanoma, in
      both cases located on the lower extremity. The first case presented a reflux
      metastasis, the second case a hematogenous metastasis on the contralateral thigh.
      Histological findings concurrently revealed metastases of malignant melanoma
      located at the cutaneous-subcutaneous interface beneath the hair follicle. This
      type of cutaneous metastasis could be easily excised in toto by means of a 6 mm
      diameter punch biopsy.

PMID- 4072324
TI  - [Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: transition to fibrosarcoma].
AB  - We report on two patients suffering from dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans showing
      areas of fascicular fibrosarcoma. Whereas the mitotic rate was very low in the
      classic storiform parts of the tumor, the dedifferentiated areas presented an
      increased mitotic rate up to 10 to 15 mitoses/10 HPF. Metastases did not occur.
      Clinically, such a tumor may be treated like typical dermatofibrosarcoma
      protuberans as long as the sarcomatous component is small and not prevalent.

PMID- 4072325
TI  - [Simultaneous occurrence of lupus erythematosus and hepatic porphyria-
      coincidence or chance association?].
AB  - We report on two cases of coexisting lupus erythematosus and hepatic porphyria
      and give a review of the corresponding literature. It is not clear yet, if the
      coincidence is accidental or if there exist any unknown relationship. 29 patients
      with these two conditions were found in the literature.

PMID- 4072326
TI  - [Attempt at a preliminary reply to Renan's question, "De quoi vivra-t-on apres
      nous?" Thoughts of a pedagogue on the natural history of an anticipated horizon].
AB  - The problems of contemporary mankind are the result of a dismal mechanism: All
      conscious planning is the anticipated result of an action; the accompanying side
      effects, referred to by the German philosopher W. Wundt (1832-1920) as
      "Heterogenie der Zwecke" (heterogeny of purposes), are, as a rule, not given
      serious thought. The more complex a system, the more unintelligible and
      impenetrable is the map of possible side effects. The best known responses to
      this situation are the so-called "Kritische Theorie" (Adorno u. Horkheimer 1969),
      Cybernetics, "Science assessment", the program of the "Club of Rome": "No limits
      to learning: bridging the human gap". Certain forms of contemporary nihilism
      appear to be resulting from these responses which are demonstrating man's
      powerlessness in respect to complex systems. Traditional public education
      neglects consequential thinking, i.e. the consideration of possible side effects,
      in preference to purely technical effect-thinking. Neither the excessive
      complexity of contemporary systems nor nihilism will be overcome without the
      resuming of old virtues, without recalling the tragic tenor of life and without
      changing the mind (metanoia).

PMID- 4072327
TI  - [What differentiates and what connects psychotherapy and psychiatric
      somatotherapy? On the epistemology of therapeutic procedures].
AB  - In opposition to a dualistic conception of psychosomatic medicine which implies a
      determination of the psychical by the physical or vice versa we emphasize a
      circular relationship between a biological individuum on the one hand, comprising
      the psychical and the physical and its environment on the other. From this, every
      therapy appears as an interactional process between individuum and environment,
      the latter being represented by the respective therapeutic agent. Basing upon a
      biperspectivistic epistemology the following can be stated: In a case of
      psychiatric somatotherapy the therapeutic agent is of a physico-chemical, in the
      case of psychotherapy of a verbal-semantic or nonverbal-informative nature.
      Because psychiatric somatotherapy as well as psychotherapy is directed at a
      wholly individuum, comprising the psychical and the physical, one may postulate
      that any therapeutic effect is describable also from the two logically distinct
      but correlative points of view, the one corresponding to the psychical and the
      other to the physical. The virtual character of both kinds of therapy results
      from a different accentuation with respect to both the logically given
      perspectives. Concluding we try to specify differentially the possibilities and
      limitations inherent in psychiatric somatotherapy and in psychotherapy.

PMID- 4072328
TI  - [Lay processes in the health system].
AB  - Meaningful social action with reference to health and illness will not be
      understood without integration with subjective knowledge (Wissen) about the body.
      This knowledge and the experience (Erleben) of bodily changes is constituted
      intersubjectively (sensu A. Schutz). The taking of the body as one's own, what we
      call embodiment, develops only in social acts with others: on the other hand
      embodiment leads in intersubjective processes to meaningfully knitted social
      networks. The processes of contacting others influences the access to helpful
      resources of a community (Gemeinschaft). Giving and receiving help between lays
      and experts varies according to the degree of mediacy, versatility and temporal
      structure. Intersubjective processes of handling the problems of the body during
      the patient's biography (historia aegroti) redirect the further development of
      the illness (historia morbi).

PMID- 4072329
TI  - [Configuration frequency analysis. XXII a. Type normative scale pattern].
AB  - The paper entitled "Configural frequency analysis XXII. Types of normatively
      patterned scales" starts from assuming that a battery of clinical test scales is
      measuring just one dimension of pathology (general factor). If a battery is
      really measuring more than one dimension (multiple group factors) of pathology,
      the sample of testees will produce types of binarily patterned scales. An
      individual profil is to be interpreted as a profil if it is representing a so
      called scale pattern type; otherwise it is to be interpreted by its level only.
      The scale pattern CFA is identified as a variety of second order CFA and is
      discussed as to its implications in clinical diagnosis.

PMID- 4072330
TI  - [Changes in diastolic ventricular properties by intravenous nifedipine infusion
      in patients with unstable angina pectoris].
AB  - In 16 patients with unstable angina pectoris 2 mg of nifedipine were infused
      intravenously for 1 hour. From coronary angiograms and cineventriculograms before
      and after nifedipine infusion vessel and stenosis diameters and global and
      regional left ventricular function were determined. Pressures in the left
      ventricle (Millar catheter tip manometer), aorta and pulmonary artery were
      measured continuously. Intravenous nifedipine infusion decreased left ventricular
      systolic pressure from 131.9 +/- 15.3 to 119.1 +/- 18.6 mm Hg (p less than 0.001)
      and mean aortic pressure from 94.4 +/- 13.6 to 85.8 +/- 15.0 mm Hg (p less than
      0.01) and increased heart rate from 70.6 +/- 10.6 to 77.5 +/- 10.4, with no
      change in pressure rate product. Left ventricular volumes declined significantly
      (EDVI from 94.4 +/- 16.7 to 79.4 +/- 17.1 ml/m2 p less than 0.001, ESVI from 34.2
      +/- 9.3 to 27.2 +/- 10.4 ml/m2 p less than 0.001). Ejection fraction increased
      slightly from 63.2 +/- 7.8 to 66.2 +/- 9.4% (p less than 0.05). Regional wall
      motion did not change, either in ischemic or in normally perfused areas. A change
      in coronary vessel or stenosis diameter was not observed. There was a remarkable
      46% decrease in left ventricular enddiastolic pressure (from 11.1 +/- 5.1 to 6.0
      +/- 2.3 mmHg, p less than 0.001) which developed slowly and not parallel in time
      to the afterload reduction. The cause appears to be the normalization of an
      increased left ventricular compliance documented by a significant decrease of the
      late diastolic dp/dV from 0.35 +/- 0.22 to 0.07 +/- 0.02 mm Hg (p less than
      0.001) after nifedipine infusion. This implicates a direct myocardial effect of
      calcium antagonists on the ischemic myocardium.

PMID- 4072331
TI  - [Long-term prognosis of drug and surgery treated patients with acquired aortic
      valve diseases: survival statistics and multivariate Cox regression analysis].
AB  - Data of 417 patients with advanced chronic aortic valve disease were
      retrospectively analyzed using a life table and Cox regression analysis. Aortic
      valve replacement was recommended to all patients based on clinical and
      hemodynamic findings. While most patients underwent prosthetic aortic valve
      replacement (n = 349), a minority of patients was treated medically (n = 68).
      Prognosis was better (p less than 0.01 in the Cox model) in surgically treated as
      compared to medically treated patients with aortic stenosis (4-year survival rate
      82 versus 44%). In patients with aortic insufficiency no significant difference
      of long-term prognosis was found between surgically and medically treated
      patients.

PMID- 4072332
TI  - [Acute cardiac side effects of iodecol, a new nonionic dimer roentgen contrast
      medium, in intracoronary injection].
AB  - The effects of intracoronary injections of Iodecol, a nonionic-dimeric contrast
      medium (iodine content 350 mg/ml, osmolality 0.34 osmol/kg, viscosity 13.8 mPa X
      s) on haemodynamics, coronary blood flow, ECG, and cationic content as well as
      osmolality of coronary sinus blood have been evaluated and compared to those of
      Iopamidol and Amidotrizoate. Experiments were carried out in 9 closed-chest dogs
      using heart catheterisation techniques. After Iodecol and Iopamidol only positive
      inotropism was seen while Amidotrizoate initially had cardiodepressive effects.
      Iodecol caused less increase of peak velocity of pressure rise and systolic blood
      pressure than Iopamidol. All contrast media led to an increase in coronary blood
      flow of the same extent. ECG changes were most marked following Amidotrizoate and
      only slight after Iodecol. Decrease of cationic content and increase of
      osmolality in coronary sinus blood were seen after each compound. Changes were
      only small after Iodecol and always greater after Amidotrizoate. Moreover, an
      overproportional decrease of coronary sinus calcium content was seen after
      Amidotrizoate due to calcium binding. Thus, based on these animal experiments, a
      further slight reduction of acute cardiac side effects during coronary
      arteriography could be expected from the use of nonionic dimeric compounds,
      compared to ionic and currently used nonionic contrast media.

PMID- 4072333
TI  - [Induced platelet aggregation in patients with coronary heart disease as well as
      trained and untrained control persons].
AB  - Induced in vitro platelet aggregation (adrenaline and collagen) and serum lipid
      levels were investigated in 21 postinfarction patients, in 11 of these patients
      subsequent to therapy with 46 +/- 14 mg nifedipine per os daily for one week and
      in 21 untrained, 16 endurance-trained, and 17 non-endurance-trained healthy male
      control subjects. Plasma catecholamine levels at rest (patients) and oxygen
      uptake capacity (control subjects) were determined in subgroups. Mean platelet
      aggregation was increased in patients (p less than 0.05) and was decreased both
      in endurance-trained subjects (p less than 0.05) and in the group of 11 patients
      subsequent to therapy with nifedipine (p less than 0.01), but platelet
      aggregation was slightly higher in non-endurance-trained individuals. Adrenaline
      induced platelet aggregation correlated positively with collagen-induced
      aggregation (r = 0.72), with LDL-cholesterol fraction (r = 0.51) and negatively
      with oxygen uptake capacity (r = -0.49). Patients with increased LDL-cholesterol
      levels also showed increased plasma catecholamine levels (r = 0.49 and r = 0.43).
      Low aerobic capacity (oxygen uptake capacity), high LDL-cholesterol levels and
      plasma catecholamine concentrations indicate an increased induced platelet
      sensitivity in vitro.

PMID- 4072334
TI  - [Comparison of the measurement accuracy of electronic blood pressure self
      measurement devices 1980-1983].
AB  - The accuracy of 21 new electronic devices designed for self-measurement of blood
      pressure has been tested on an average of 22-24 subjects each by simultaneous
      measurements on the same arm. Compared with electronic devices made in 1980 the
      accuracy has improved, especially with regard to the estimation of diastolic
      blood pressure. Nevertheless, most devices still give too low a value for
      diastolic blood pressure. In agreement with former results the systolic
      differences are greater in women and in normotensive subjects, whereas the
      diastolic differences are more pronounced in younger subjects, in males and in
      hypertensive patients. Despite the differences due to different sites of
      auscultation, the results of the best devices tested show that electronic devices
      may estimate the same blood pressure values over the brachial artery as measured
      by auscultation in the antecubital fossa. We therefore suggest stronger
      regulations for the licensing of new electronic devices.

PMID- 4072335
TI  - [Review of important results of the research project "Employees in the late phase
      of their employment"].
AB  - The report deals with the main results of recent field-studies on the situation
      of workers over 55 years of age in the F.R.G. The investigations were carried out
      for the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy and refer to the period from 1975 to
      1979/1980. The main results refer to the situation at work, in the labour market
      and to the conditions and the process of retirement. The results reported are
      representative for industry in the F.R.G. (excluding administrative departments)
      with reference to firms with 50 and more employees and for the period of time
      under investigation.

PMID- 4072336
TI  - [Labor market status and early retirement of elderly employees since 1980].
AB  - The labour market situation for older employees has become increasingly difficult
      in the first half of the 1980s. The length of time spent unemployed has increased
      and the trend towards early retirement has intensified. New legal action aims at
      lowering the costs of this development for the social security system. The
      increased participation of the partners of collective bargaining in the problem
      solving process aims at a more even distribution of costs incurred, as well as at
      a reduction of unemployment. Action taken and agreements reached tend to restrict
      themselves to a limited span of time, to the foreseeable future. They influence
      the situation of the unemployed and prematurely retired older workers in positive
      as well as in negative ways.

PMID- 4072337
TI  - [Unemployment of elderly employees].
AB  - Due to social security provisions and collective bargaining agreements, older
      employees are less frequently confronted with unemployment in comparison with
      other age groups in the labour force. In September 1984, 422,000 older workers
      aged 50 years and over were unemployed. To this figure an additional 250,000
      older workers must be added, who are no longer registered as unemployed but
      nevertheless would be interested in finding another job. Only in exceptional
      cases do the older unemployed find permanent jobs with the help of labour
      exchange or by their own initiative. A proportion of roughly 80% of the older
      unemployed aged 50 plus is not re-integrated into the working process before
      retirement. Older unemployed workers suffer particularly from the financial and
      perhaps even to a greater extent from the psychological effects of unemployment.
      In a situation, in which renumerated employment is no longer available, they pass
      through a rather long period of re-orientation towards a meaningful life.

PMID- 4072338
TI  - ["Released" employees of the 6th decade--a new retirement generation. Report on
      central results of a meeting of experts on the topic].
AB  - More and more workers and employees leave their working places and renumerated
      employment for good from the age of 50 onwards - by way of acknowledged
      incapacity to continue work due to health reasons, unemployment, forced
      retirement after production plants have closed down and early retirement schemes.
      How retirement is experienced very much depends on the living conditions
      encountered and on the process of transition to retirement. Acceptancy of
      premature retirement is of central importance - as are the opportunities of
      influencing by one's own decisions the age of retirement, the predictability of
      this event and the chances of transition through a phase of gradual re
      orientation. Differentiation between those with good and very good income levels
      and those with only minimal financial means is imperative. Negative outcomes of
      the latter situation may be a feeling of total hopelessness, frictions within the
      family, reduction of social contacts and of out-of-door activities--a tendency to
      hide away in shame. To be labelled as old in too early a phase in life is not
      acceptable. The social status attained tends to be unclearly defined with
      accompanying negative effects on the self-concept as well as on the image held by
      others.

PMID- 4072339
TI  - [Memory performance and general achievement motivation in the aged].
AB  - Memory achievement is generally confounded with motivational factors in memory
      research. Therefore, the interpretation of age specific differences in recall
      renders difficult. The effect of a mnemonic device (method of loci) on recall is
      studied in a multitrial free recall experiment with 48 seniors aged from 60 to
      92. Recall, performance in "Pauli"-tasks as an indicator of general achievement
      motivation, and subjective organization are measured. The experiment is planned
      as a three-factorial randomized group design with the factors "mnemonic device",
      "age", and "concreteness of learning material". The mnemonic device has a strong
      effect on recall as well as on performance "Pauli"-tasks. Its effect on recall is
      attributed to the increased achievement motivation.

PMID- 4072340
TI  - [Cardiac pain in geriatrics].
AB  - The atypical symptoms of coronary heart disease combined with an altered pain
      threshold and pain sensitivity in older patients make it difficult for the
      geriatrician to diagnose this disease. Clinical diagnostic methods cannot always
      be used in older patients. Therefore the physician must have a heightened
      awareness for unspecific symptoms which can signal coronary heart disease in the
      geriatric patient. In addition one must also use specific geriatric
      considerations in the management of angina pectoris.

PMID- 4072342
TI  - [Proceedings of the German Society for Orthopedics and Traumatology. 71st
      meeting. 12-15 September 1984, Nuremberg].

PMID- 4072341
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of acquired heart valve defects in patients of advanced
      age].
AB  - Advantages and disadvantages of elective cardiothoracic surgery in patients over
      the age of 60 with acquired heart valve defects are shown in table 8. An
      important improvement in survival rates can be noticed in patients with
      decompensated aortic and mitral valve defects. Quality of life is ameliorated in
      all patients who need an operation because of valvular heart defect, mainly in
      aortic stenosis, which on principle can be considered as operable.

PMID- 4072343
TI  - [The possible and the human in medicine].

PMID- 4072344
TI  - [Time planning in hip surgery with a background on its spontaneous course].

PMID- 4072345
TI  - [Clinical significance of coxa valga].

PMID- 4072346
TI  - [Biomechanical significance of coxa valga in relation to dysplasia of the
      acetabulum].

PMID- 4072347
TI  - [Indications for intertrochanteric osteotomy in childhood].

PMID- 4072348
TI  - [Indications and time planning for operative interventions in hip dysplasia in
      child and adulthood].

PMID- 4072349
TI  - [When are osteotomies for treatment of coxarthrosis still justified?].

PMID- 4072350
TI  - [Osteotomies on hip dysplasia in the adult--planning with reference to
      differentiated biomechanical calculation].

PMID- 4072351
TI  - [Chiari pelvic osteotomy with simultaneous femur osteotomy in the adult in the
      treatment of dysplasia arthrosis].

PMID- 4072352
TI  - [Differential indications for pelvic osteotomy in children and adolescents].

PMID- 4072353
TI  - [Growth disorders following fractures in childhood and their treatment].

PMID- 4072354
TI  - [Open fractures in children].

PMID- 4072355
TI  - [Fracture treatment in children and adolescents with a lengthening device
      (indications, technic, results)].

PMID- 4072356
TI  - [Special aspects in the treatment of open fractures in childhood].

PMID- 4072357
TI  - [Treatment of growth disorders following epiphyseal groove fractures with
      Langenskjold fatty tissue interposition-plasty].

PMID- 4072358
TI  - [Fractures of the distal humerus of children and the distal tibia with
      involvement of the epiphyseal groove].

PMID- 4072359
TI  - [Growth and development of the skeleton represented by the epiphyseal groove].

PMID- 4072360
TI  - [Clinical and pathomorphologic findings in skeletal dysplasias].

PMID- 4072361
TI  - [Improving joint function and joint statics in systemic diseases].

PMID- 4072362
TI  - [Corrective osteotomies in skeletal dysplasias].

PMID- 4072363
TI  - Adolescent drug dependency and the family.

PMID- 4072364
TI  - Malpractice in Virginia: "physicians' position eroding".

PMID- 4072365
TI  - Hypertension in the elderly.

PMID- 4072366
TI  - [Microcirculatory aspects].

PMID- 4072367
TI  - [Studies of muscle metabolism in chronic major limb arterial occlusive disease
      patients by unilateral ergometric lower leg stress (III)].

PMID- 4072368
TI  - [Decreased fibrinolytic activity in venous walls of patients with venous
      thromboses].

PMID- 4072369
TI  - Contact allergic reactions in 100 selected patients with ulcus cruris.

PMID- 4072370
TI  - Maximal venous outflow in the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis, new principles
      for its determination.

PMID- 4072371
TI  - Immunological aspect of smoking in patients with thromboangitis obliterans.

PMID- 4072372
TI  - [Computer tomography diagnosis in ruptured aortic aneurysm of the abdomen].

PMID- 4072373
TI  - Obstructive suprarenal aortic lesions. A report of two cases.

PMID- 4072374
TI  - [Can antibiotic prevention lessen the frequency of infections in reconstructive
      vascular surgery with alloplastic materials?].

PMID- 4072375
TI  - [Autopsy findings in thromboangiitis obliterans Buerger].

PMID- 4072376
TI  - Thrombophlebitis in Behcet's disease.

PMID- 4072377
TI  - Treatment of venous ulcers. A multi-center randomized double-blind study.

PMID- 4072378
TI  - [Compression stockings class II as a medical indication].

PMID- 4072379
TI  - [Recurrences following varicose vein operations: responsibility of Dodd veins].

PMID- 4072380
TI  - [Specific diagnosis of experimental drug-induced disease. Determining the anti
      penicillin antibody level using the solid-phase immunoenzyme method].

PMID- 4072381
TI  - [Catalase activity in children with neurodermatitis during sanatorium-health
      resort rehabilitation].

PMID- 4072382
TI  - [Effect of various psoralen derivatives with linear and angular structures on
      human lymphocytes].

PMID- 4072383
TI  - [Ultrastructural basis of the infectious process in skin burns and wound
      infection].

PMID- 4072384
TI  - [Mixed Trichomonas and Mycoplasma infections in women].

PMID- 4072385
TI  - [Expediency of cerebrospinal fluid examination for discharge from follow-up of
      persons with early syphilis].

PMID- 4072386
TI  - [Non-diabetic necrobiosis lipoidica clinically resembling Degos' papulosis].

PMID- 4072387
TI  - [Acute pustulous bacterid].

PMID- 4072388
TI  - [Problem of pustulous psoriasis].

PMID- 4072389
TI  - [Erythema gyratum repens--a paraneoplastic dermatosis].

PMID- 4072390
TI  - [A case of horny (sauroid) ichthyosis].

PMID- 4072391
TI  - [Adiponecrosis subcutanea neonatorum].

PMID- 4072392
TI  - [A case of scleroatrophic lichen].

PMID- 4072393
TI  - [Experience in the treatment of spontaneous keloid with dibunol].

PMID- 4072394
TI  - [A case of injury of human hand by a high-power infrared laser beam].

PMID- 4072395
TI  - [Clinico-laboratory evaluation of the Bordet-Gengou reaction in various forms of
      gonorrhea].

PMID- 4072396
TI  - [Experience in the treatment of syphilis with penicillin combined with splenin].

PMID- 4072397
TI  - Polypeptides and structure of African swine fever virus.
AB  - Extracellular and intracellular African swine fever virus (ASFV) was purified
      using a two-phase aqueous polymer system. Both the structure of the virus and the
      polypeptides present during the purification procedure were studied. After
      PEG/dextran phase separation and centrifugation through 20% (w/v) Ficoll, 79% of
      input infectivity was recovered as semi-purified virus. The density of the virus
      after equilibrium centrifugation in sucrose was 1.19 g/ml. The envelope of the
      virion consisting of a unit membrane was removed from the virion after
      centrifugation in sucrose. Removal of envelope was associated with the loss of a
      230 kilodalton (kd) glycoprotein from the virion. Disruption of the viral surface
      structure resulted in a loss of infectivity. Eighteen of the most prominent of
      the 33 polypeptides of extracellular or cell free (CF) virus were those with
      molecular weights of 230, 195, 165, 155, 150, 125, 116, 97, 92, 73, 62, 58, 50,
      45, 35, 33, 25 and 11 kd, while the fourteen most prominent polypeptides in
      intracellular or cell associated (CA) virus were 103, 97, 92, 84, 73, 62, 58, 54,
      47, 45, 35, 33, 25 and 17 kd. The 45 kd polypeptide may be actin which copurifies
      with the virus. No major differences were found in the number or size of proteins
      among three isolates of ASFV. Electron micrographs of thin sections of ASFV show
      the capsid to consist of a distinct double layer of closely packed capsomeres
      enclosed on both sides with a semi-transparent layer. Cell associated virus
      measured from side-to-side 188 nm and vertex-to-vertex 212 nm. The capsid
      encloses an inner core composed of a dense nucleoid surrounded by a 40-48 nm
      layer of core protein.

PMID- 4072398
TI  - Novel polypeptides encoded by influenza virus subgenomic (DI type) virion RNAs.
AB  - We have isolated a ts mutant of influenza A/FPV/Rostock/34 that induces the
      synthesis of a novel small polypeptide in infected cells. This polypeptide is
      encoded by a subgenomic virion RNA derived from RNA segment 3, apparently by
      internal deletion. A second polypeptide, similarly derived from RNA segment 1,
      was found only after in vitro translation of infected cell RNA. The subgenomic
      vRNAs we describe are probably similar to those found in influenza DI virus
      preparations. The possible role of 'subgenomic' polypeptides in DI virus-mediated
      interference is discussed.

PMID- 4072399
TI  - [Dynamics of cortical evoked activity during human learning to discriminate
      microintervals of time using feedback].
AB  - The dynamics of the cortical evoked activity in the process of learning of time
      microintervals (10, 60 and 180 ms) discrimination was studied in healthy adults.
      Feedback stimulus visually informing of the real correlations of the
      differentiated pauses facilitates the discrimination. The factor of the visual
      field does not affect the estimation of brief time intervals. At correct
      identifications, the P300 wave is recorded with a higher amplitude, than at
      errors. In the trial following the "nonconfirming" feedback stimulus, the
      standard and test stimuli evoke in the left hemisphere a greater P300 wave, than
      in the trial after the "confirming" stimulus. Feedback influence is retained in
      the long-term memory.

PMID- 4072400
TI  - [Discrimination of signals simulating movement of a sound source by dogs after
      ablation of the auditory cortex].
AB  - The ability to perceive a moving sound image at dichotic stimulation was studied
      by means of avoidance technique for decorticated (AI, AII, Ep) dogs. The
      bilateral ablation disturbed the temporal cue discrimination of the direction of
      movement. But the animals retained the ability to localize the moving signal
      using delta I-cue.

PMID- 4072401
TI  - [High-frequency components of the electrical activity of the dog neocortex during
      formation of motor alimentary conditioned reflexes].
AB  - Power spectra of electrical activity of different dogs neocortical areas within a
      wide frequency band (1-100 Hz) were studied by correlation-spectral analysis
      during elaboration of motor (pressing the pedal) alimentary conditioned reflexes
      (CR) to acoustic stimuli. Considerable redistribution of autospectra power (ASP)
      within one of the five selected frequency ranges (from I to V, 20 Hz each) was
      observed. The frequencies of III-V ranges (41-100 Hz) were the most reactive; the
      degree of power increase after CR stabilization was determined by its initial
      level before CR elaboration which significantly differed in various animals. The
      weaker were presented in the EEG high frequencies before learning, the higher was
      the increase of their power in the process of elaboration of the given type of
      CR, and on the contrary, a definite level of "saturation" was preserved.
      Relatively low frequencies (below 20 Hz) were characterized after CR elaboration
      by lowering of the power. Deliberate lowering of the alimentary motivation led to
      a weakening of CR and power decrease (in comparison with stabilized CR) of all
      frequency components; however, its level remained higher, than before CR
      elaboration.

PMID- 4072402
TI  - [Correlation of neuronal reactions of different regions of the neocortex of the
      rabbit to conditioned positive and inhibitory stimuli].
AB  - The activity of neurones of the visual and sensorimotor areas of the neocortex
      was simultaneously recorded in rabbits under the action of conditioned,
      inhibitory stimuli (CS, IS) and at simultaneous presentation of CS and the
      unconditioned stimulus (US) after trans-switching of the positive and inhibitory
      conditioned reflexes. Mean time of conjugated reactions of simultaneously
      recorded pairs of neurons is similar under the action of CS, combined action of
      CS and US and under IS. During the IS action as compared with CS, the phasic
      activity of some neurones in different areas increased, and due to this the
      similarity of reactions also increased; in other pairs of neurones the reactions
      weakened and the responses similarity decreased. The frequency of the appearance
      of intervals of the conjugated excitation after CS corresponds to 4.3 Hz; under
      combined action of CS and US it increases up to 5.9 Hz, and after IS--it
      decreases to 3.6 Hz. The order of coming into conjugated action of different
      pairs of neurones changes depending on the signal significance of the stimuli.

PMID- 4072403
TI  - [Features of the formation and retention of a motor-defensive conditioned reflex
      in rats of various strains].
AB  - Comparison of the dynamics of elaboration and stabilization of a motor defensive
      conditioned reflex in rats of Wistar line and in grey rats showed that the latter
      significantly forestalled the white laboratory rats in the speed of conditioning.
      Their behaviour was characterized by a higher level of excitability and activity
      and a weaker passive defensive behaviour; this probably contributed to a more
      effective formation of temporary connection with biologically negative
      reinforcement. Individual typological differences did not conceal the interlinear
      ones, while in stress situations they can sometimes be at the foreground.

PMID- 4072404
TI  - [Changes in predatory and intraspecific aggressiveness of the male rat during
      food deprivation].
AB  - A significant intensification of intraspecies aggression of mice-killing male
      rats was manifest under the influence of food deprivation, judging by two
      aggressive reactions of rats-residents towards intruders and by the number of
      rats performing such reactions. In conditions of free access to food, the mice
      killing and not mice-killing rats did not differ by their intraspecies
      aggression.

PMID- 4072405
TI  - [Interaction of reticular structures in the brain of the cat].
AB  - In acute and chronic experiments on 35 cats an inhibitory influence was found of
      the caudal reticular nucleus of pons Varolii on unit activity of the sensorimotor
      cortex and dorsal part of the midbrain reticular formation. The influence of this
      structure on unit activity of the ventral part of the midbrain reticular
      formation was mainly of a facilitatory character. Activation of the ventral part
      inhibited the unit activity of the dorsal part of the same structure.
      Consequently, the caudal reticular nucleus of pons Varolii elicits inhibition at
      the level not only of the cerebral cortex but also of the midbrain reticular
      formation (of its dorsal part). The character of these influences coincides with
      that of unit activity changes of these two areas of the midbrain reticular
      formation during the development of the paradoxical phase of sleep. The obtained
      facts must underlie the stopping of convulsive activity in this phase of sleep.

PMID- 4072406
TI  - [Dynamics of the direction of static connections in the electrical activity of
      the cerebral cortex in the cat].
AB  - Data have been obtained on three cats for analysis of statistic connections of
      electrical activity in the visual, parietal and somatosensory cortical zones
      during development of evoked potentials to photic signal in these areas, and also
      in periods previous to photic stimulation and on traces of its action. An
      increase in shown of the influence of activity in the visual area on that of the
      somatosensory zone in post-stimulus periods and a sharp increase of two-way
      connections between these areas against the background of a relative equilibrium
      of direct and backward connections in trace periods.

PMID- 4072407
TI  - [Changes in the effect of acetylcholine on septo-hippocampal reactions after
      serotonin administration to rabbits].
AB  - Impulse activity and focal evoked potentials appearing in the hippocampus in
      response to testing stimuli applied to the septum medial nucleus were recorded in
      nonimmobilized and unanaesthetized rabbits. The efficiency of acetylcholine (ACh)
      action on septo-hippocampal reactions was tested before and after
      microiontophoretic administration of the serotonin (5-OT) or stimulation of the
      raphe nuclei. The 5-OT and raphe stimulation produced significant changes in the
      ACh action on septo-hippocampal reactions. In most cases, after
      microiontophoretic administration of 5-OT, the efficiency of ACh diminished,
      independently of excitatory or inhibitory effect of the 5-OT. Thus, the
      modulating action of 5-OT consists not only in protracted trace changes of the
      magnitude of septo-hippocampal reactions but also in trace reduction of septo
      hippocampal responses to ACh.

PMID- 4072408
TI  - [Development of a dissociated state in the rat after administration of
      carbacholine into the hippocampus].
AB  - Food-procuring conditioned reaction was elaborated in rats. A single injection of
      carbacholine into the dorsal area of the hippocampus elicited prolonged (for
      several days) stable amnesia, during which elaboration of a second habit in the
      same animals proved possible. After cessation of the agent action, the initially
      elaborated conditioned reaction recurred. The obtained results allow to interpret
      the amnesia elicited by injection of carbacholine into the hippocampus as a
      dissociated state.

PMID- 4072409
TI  - [Effect of serotonin on the development of tissue cultures of the cerebral cortex
      in the rat].
AB  - The paper deals with morpho-functional development of the visual area of newborn
      rats cerebral cortex in conditions of prolonged (up to 40 days) organotypical
      cultivation and with the effect of serotonin (5-OT) on these processes. It has
      been shown that systematic addition of physiological concentrations of 5-OT to
      the nutrient medium during explantates cultivation, stimulates glia
      proliferation, neurones differentiation, neuropyl formation, synaptogenesis and
      axones myelinization. In media with 5-OT, spontaneous activity of neurones
      develops earlier, the number of active cells increases by 33%, neurones with
      periodical bursts prevail in all periods studied. Development of neurones in the
      medium with 5-OT changes their sensitivity to 5-OT, which becomes close to that
      in situ.

PMID- 4072410
TI  - [Effect of diazepam, meprobamate and amizyl on the emotional reactions of the
      rabbit to hypothalamic stimulation].
AB  - The influence of minor tranquilizers (diazepam, meprobamate and beuactizine) on
      the hypothalamically elicited emotional responses was studied in chronic
      experiments on rabbits. The positive self-stimulation elicited from the lateral
      hypothalamus was facilitated by all used tranquilizers. On the first day of
      administration of the drugs the rate of self-stimulation increased markedly. The
      rate of self-stimulation was still mildly enhanced on the second day and returned
      to its initial value on the third day. The avoidance behaviour elicited from the
      medial hypothalamus changed to obvious self-stimulation after the administration
      of diazepam and meprobamate. The reversed behaviour preserved on the second day,
      while on the third day the animals resumed their avoidance behaviour. It was
      depressed by benactizine injection and some activation of exploratory behaviour
      was observed.

PMID- 4072411
TI  - [Conditioned reactions of hippocampal neurons during amphetamine poisoning and
      its counteraction with haloperidol].
AB  - Activity of 144 neurones of the dorsal part of the rabbits hippocamp was recorded
      during elaboration of motor conditioned reflex to time. Chronic amphetamine
      intoxication lowered the ability of hippocampal neurones to form conditioned
      reactions in response to pairings of sound stimuli with electrocutaneous
      reinforcement and fully suppressed mechanisms of reproduction by cells of engrams
      of previous pairings in series of their omissions Single administration of
      haloperidol to intact animals somewhat increased the number of neurones reacting
      to the pairing and their omissions in conditioned reflex to time without
      significantly influencing the intensity and dynamics of reproduction of
      endogenous cellular reactions in the series of consecutive omissions of pairing.
      Haloperidol administration during amphetamine intoxication elicited shifts
      towards normalization of conditioned activity of neurones, eliminating the
      suppressing action of amphetamine on mechanisms of reproduction of engrams of
      combined stimuli. Such "therapeutic" effect of haloperidol in many cases did not
      depend on the character of its psychotropic action. The properties of amphetamine
      and haloperidol action on the cells of the hippocamp are discussed as compared to
      their action on the neurones of other brain structures, previously studied in an
      analogous experimental situation.

PMID- 4072412
TI  - [EEG indices of changes in the functional state of the brain during mental
      activity].

PMID- 4072413
TI  - [Delayed spatial choice in the monkey with different probabilities of signal
      presentation].

PMID- 4072414
TI  - [Relation between habituation of monosynaptic spinal reflexes in the cat and the
      tonic action of the cerebral hemispheres].

PMID- 4072415
TI  - [Stimulation of the retina through chronically implanted photodiodes in the
      freely moving cat].

PMID- 4072416
TI  - [Effect of protein-peptide factors on the cellular mechanisms of the behavioral
      reaction of discordance in the cat].

PMID- 4072417
TI  - [Comparative analysis of background spike activity of neurons of the visual and
      sensomotor regions of the cerebral cortex of the rat].

PMID- 4072418
TI  - [Improvement of indices for the elaboration of a conditioned response after
      stimulation of the amygdaloid complex in the rat].

PMID- 4072419
TI  - [Reproductive function of the rat with individual behavioral traits during
      maintenance in isolation and crowding].

PMID- 4072420
TI  - [Preference for a direction of movement in a T-shaped maze by the mealworm].

PMID- 4072421
TI  - [Method of evaluating delayed responses using multiple parameters].

PMID- 4072422
TI  - [Detection of low lipase activities in food].
AB  - A spectrofluorimetric procedure using 4-methylumbelliferyl esters as substrates
      was developed for the determination of lipase activity in foods. It was tested
      with among others whey and egg powders, almonds, pepper, paprika and cinnamon. In
      addition, some lipase preparations of microbial origin were analyzed. The
      detection limit of the method is one to two orders of magnitude lower than that
      of a test paper which contains indoxyl acetate as the substrate.

PMID- 4072423
TI  - Influence of germination on the nutritional quality of lentil seeds.
AB  - The effect of germination on the nutritional quality of two varieties of lentil
      seeds was studied. It was found that germination improved the nutritive value by
      reducing haemagglutinins, trypsin inhibitor activities, tannins, and pentosans,
      and by increasing the in vitro protein digestibility, nitrogen solubility and
      FAAN. Except for Fe, ash and other minerals were not affected. The changes in
      these properties were more pronounced in Giza (9) variety than Syrian type.

PMID- 4072424
TI  - [Determination of wheat gliadins in food with ELISA].
AB  - Two Sandwich-ELISA methods suitable for quantitative determination of wheat alpha
      gliadin and whole gliadin (i.g. alpha-, beta-, and gamma-gliadin) in unheated
      gluten-containing and gluten-free foods are described. An optimal method for
      extraction of gliadin from foods was developed. Foods are extracted with 70%
      ethanol except those containing cocoa, where 3 M-urea and 10% casein were added
      prior to extraction. Wheat flours are extracted at room temperature or at 40
      degrees C, gluten-free foods at 40 degrees C. The recovery of added gliadin (0.1%
      wheat flour) is at least 80% in foods without cocoa, at least 70% in cocoa
      containing foods (1% wheat flour added). Both methods are highly specific for
      wheat, cross-reactions e.g. with rye are insignificant. The sensitivity assay of
      the assay in buffer is 0.5 ng/ml alpha-gliadin an 10 ng/ml whole gliadin and it
      can be decreased by prolonged incubation with sample. The unspecific effect of
      food components is discussed; it can be eliminated to a large extent.

PMID- 4072425
TI  - [The formation of cis-isomers of all trans-vitamin A acetate during the
      alkylation step for determination of vitamin A in feeds].
AB  - The determination of vitamin A in animal feed by HPLC must be preceded by a
      saponification step in order to eliminate the interfering lipids. This operation
      bears the risk of isomerisation of the vitamin A. We have determined the degree
      of isomerisation by adding trans-vitamin-A-acetate (in dry powder form) to 8
      different vitamin A free blends, followed by saponification, extraction and HPLC.
      In this study, we have taken into account all the 5 known cisisomers. The degree
      of isomerisation depends on the type of feed and on the conditions of
      saponification and ranged from 4 to 40%. Pure vitamin-A-acetat was isomerised to
      the extend of 1 to 30% depending on saponification conditions. The recovery rate
      was (with some exceptions) 90 +/- 5%.

PMID- 4072426
TI  - [Ion chromatographic determination of lactulose and epilactose in the presence of
      lactose and other carbohydrates in milk and milk products].
AB  - A method is described for the analysis of carbohydrates in milk and milk products
      which develop during heat treatment. It is based on the separation of their
      borate complexes by anion exchange chromatography using two optimized buffer
      systems. A reliable qualitative and quantitative determination of the
      disaccharides lactulose and epilactose is possible even in the presence of large
      amounts of lactose (buffer system I). Using the second buffer system lactulose
      can also be detected in the presence of fructose. In addition other relevant
      carbohydrate components like ribose, mannose, galactose and glucose can be
      determined simultaneously.

PMID- 4072427
TI  - The colorimetric determination of cyanide in human food and animal feed.
AB  - The well-known Kroller method for the determination of cyanide requires the use
      of the harmful chemicals benzidine (carcinogenic) and bromine (toxic) in the
      colorimetric part; the analytical result depends strongly on the conduct of the
      liberation procedure. The substitution of barbituric acid and N-chlorosuccinimide
      for benzidine and bromine has been investigated. The reproducibility of both
      colorimetric reactions is similar, but the sensitivity of the barbituric acid
      colorimetry is approximately 50% higher. A reproducible liberation yield can be
      obtained by a proper control of the heating programme. The detection limit for
      cyanide in a solution is approximately equal to 10 micrograms/l.

PMID- 4072428
TI  - A dynamic approach to fluid and electrolyte management of the newborn.
AB  - The most constant feature of neonatal physiology and pathophysiology is change.
      To meet the needs of each individual baby we must first arm ourselves with
      knowledge of neonatal physiology and pathophysiology. Next, the effects of the
      applied fluid program are continually monitored and the program accordingly
      readjusted. We must "read the book" and then "read the baby." This paper
      discusses the results of "reading the book" and proposes a tentative dynamic
      fluid and electrolyte program. The "reading of the baby" is beyond the scope of
      this paper, but should be simple, utilizing commonly available methods that can
      safely be done as frequently as every four to eight hours including repeated
      physical examinations, simple laboratory tests in blood and urine, and the
      determination of the body weight.

PMID- 4072429
TI  - Femoral hernia in children.
AB  - The records of 26 children with femoral hernia are reviewed. In five patients,
      inguinal herniotomy had been performed previously. The correct diagnosis was made
      preoperatively in 7 (27%) of the cases only. The operation included a repair
      narrowing the femoral canal in all but 5 cases. At follow-up 1/2-19 1/2 years no
      recurrence was found. The importance of a careful pre- and peroperative
      examination is emphasized.

PMID- 4072430
TI  - [Problem of fracture of the radius head in the child].
AB  - Guidelines for the choice of conservative or operative treatment of fractures of
      the proximal radius are derived from a study comprising 21 children.
      Postoperative complications and long-term failures are specifically stressed.
      True intraarticular fractures of the radial head are rarely observed in children.
      Major problems arise in the treatment of comminuted fractures of the radial head
      associated with dislocation of the elbow, since these show the worst prognosis.
      Displaced marginal fractures below 3 mm are suited for early functional treatment
      using conservative procedures. 18 patients suffered a fracture of the radial neck
      type III and IV (Judet). Despite low failure rates of the operative therapy, we
      have recently been refraining from the operation.

PMID- 4072431
TI  - The perineal groove and canal in males and females--a third look.
AB  - We present 5 uncommon cases: One case of perineal canal in a female; two cases of
      perineal groove in females, one with normal anus and another with ectopic
      perineal anus. Two cases of perineal canal in males. The canal is deep in the
      perineum, runs forward above the root of scrotum, close to the floor of the
      urethra (which is normal), and opens on the undersurface of the penis. One of
      them is associated with covered anus incomplete with anocutaneous fistula as well
      opening on the scrotal raphe. In all 5 cases the perineal canal or gutter opens
      posteriorly in the ectodermal anal canal, immediately below the line of anal
      valves. A third look to the origin of these conditions will be discussed versus
      the 1st and 2nd looks of Stephens and Chatterjee. Embryological and
      histopathological studies will support our point of view.

PMID- 4072433
TI  - [Proceedings of the 14th annual meeting of the Japanese Society of
      Psychopharmacology. Abstracts].

PMID- 4072432
TI  - Use of the recto-urethral fistula for reconstruction of the anal canal in high
      anal atresia.
AB  - A 6-month-old boy with high anal atresia was operated upon via a sacro-perineal
      approach. After division of the rectourethral fistula, pressure recordings from
      the rectal part of the fistula during electrical stimulation of the rectal mucosa
      showed a resting pressure and relaxations resembling internal anal sphincter
      activity. The fistula was used for the reconstruction of the anal canal and
      anastomosed to the skin in the anal incision. The postoperative course was
      uneventful. Six weeks after the operation ano-rectal manometry showed a high
      resting anal pressure and normal internal sphincter relaxations. It is concluded
      that the presented surgical technique may provide a functioning internal
      sphincter in at least some patients with high anal atresia with recto-urethral
      fistula.

PMID- 4072434
TI  - [Development of reverse tolerance to the ambulation-increasing effect of
      ephedrine after repeated administration in mice].
AB  - Effects of repeated administration of ephedrine (EPH) 40 and 80 mg/kg sc, and 20,
      40, and 80 mg/kg ip on ambulatory activity in adult male mice of the dd strain
      were investigated. The drug was administered 5 times at intervals of 1 and 7
      days. The ambulatory activity of each mouse was measured by a tilting-type round
      activity cage of 25 cm in diameter for 150-210 min after the drug administration.
      Repeated administration of EPH 80 mg/kg ip produced a marked augmentation in the
      sensitivity of the mouse, i.e. reverse tolerance, to the ambulation-increasing
      effect of the drug regardless of the administration intervals. However, repeated
      administration of 80 mg/kg sc and 40 mg/kg ip at intervals of 7 days caused a
      slight reverse tolerance, while 40 mg/kg sc at intervals of 7 days as well as 20
      and 40 mg/kg ip at intervals of 1 day did not produce reverse tolerance. In
      contrast, a poorer development of reverse tolerance to the ambulation-increasing
      effect of EPH was observed when a mouse was confined in a glass jar of 5 cm in
      diameter to impede ambulation for 150-180 min after each administration. Mice
      showing reverse tolerance to EPH demonstrated an increased sensitivity to
      methamphetamine as compared with the saline-pretreated control mice. The present
      results suggest that the characteristics of reverse tolerance to ambulation
      increasing effect of EPH are almost identical with those after methamphetamine
      and methylphenidate.

PMID- 4072435
TI  - [Effect of idebenone (CV-2619) on brightness discrimination learning in rats with
      central serotonergic dysfunction].
AB  - The effect of 6-(10-hydroxydecyl)-2, 3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1, 4-benzoquinone
      (idebenone, CV-2619) on brightness discrimination learning of the operant type
      was examined in rats with central serotonergic dysfunction. The animal model was
      produced by feeding Wistar rats a diet deficient in tryptophan (a precursor of
      serotonin) as the control group. The control rats with central serotonergic
      dysfunction showed lower ability to learn the discrimination task (multiple VI 15
      seconds extinction schedule) than normal feeding rats. Rats which were
      chronically administered with idebenone (60 mg/kg/day) admixed with the
      tryptophan deficient diet were used as an experimental group. In the control and
      experimental groups, total responses (R+ + R-) were significantly increased in
      the early stage of learning test period, compared with the normal rats. In the
      late stage of the learning periods, the numbers of R-decreased in idebenone
      treated group but not in control group. Therefore, the correct response ratio [(
      R+/(R+ + R-)] X 100) was significantly higher in the treated group than in the
      control. The results suggest that idebenone, which has an improving action on
      cerebral energy metabolism and a stimulating action on central serotonergic
      turnover, may exert an ameliorating effect on impaired discrimination learning in
      rats with central serotonergic dysfunction.

PMID- 4072436
TI  - [Chronological change in abnormal behavior produced by long-term methamphetamine
      administration in the rat].
AB  - Rats received once daily injections of methamphetamine (MAP; 4 mg/kg/day)
      intraperitoneally, at most 100 times. Enhanced ambulatory activity by MAP reduced
      during the long-term administration of MAP. The mean rating score of MAP-induced
      abnormal behavior, including locomotion, stereotyped behavior, motor inhibition
      and the response to acoustic stimulation, increased until 56th injection of MAP.
      But after that, the score tended to decrease mainly because the injected MAP
      failed to keep the movement of rats reduced under acoustic stimulation. Neither
      the time course of these rating score nor the decrease in [3H] spiperone binding
      sites, examined after the injection of MAP 100 times, seemed to develop along
      with the repeated MAP administration. Thus, the changes in both behavior and [3H]
      spiperone binding sites produced by repeated MAP would not necessarily indicate
      the symptoms of MAP-induced psychosis in man, because the susceptibility to
      psychosis in man increases along with the time of MAP injection. It is presumed
      that the animal model of psychosis produced by administration of MAP is important
      not as a model of psychotic symptoms, but as a model of increased susceptibility
      to psychosis induced by MAP.

PMID- 4072437
TI  - Combined effects of methamphetamine and morphine on ambulatory activity in mice
      and continuous avoidance response in rats.
AB  - Combined effects of methamphetamine and morphine were investigated by means of
      ambulatory activity in mice and continuous avoidance response in rats. Single
      administration of methamphetamine (0.5-2 mg/kg sc) or morphine (2.5-10 mg/kg sc)
      increased the ambulatory activity in a dose-dependent manner. The ambulation
      increasing effect of methamphetamine and morphine were synergistic throughout the
      combined doses tested. Methamphetamine (0.13 and 0.5 mg/kg sc) produced an
      increase in frequency of lever-pressing and a decrease in shock rate, showing
      facilitation of the avoidance response, in a dose-dependent manner. Morphine
      tended to facilitate the avoidance response at lower doses (1.3 and 2.5 mg/kg
      sc), whereas, at higher doses (5 and 10 mg/kg sc), it elicited decrease in the
      frequency of lever-pressing and increase in the shock rate, showing suppressing
      of the avoidance response. The avoidance-facilitating effect of methamphetamine
      was attenuated by higher doses of morphine. The present results suggest that
      combined administration of methamphetamine and morphine shows synergistic effect
      on ambulatory activity in mice, and synergistic and antagonistic effects on the
      avoidance response in rats depending on the doses combined.

PMID- 4072438
TI  - Chronopharmacological study on morphine-induced increase in ambulatory activity
      in mice and methamphetamine sensitivity in morphine-experienced mice.
AB  - Effect of morphine (5 and 10 mg/kg sc) on ambulatory activity was investigated at
      different times of day (administration at 3:00, 7:00, 11:00, 15:00, 19:00 and
      23:00) in mice housed under a normal light-dark condition (light period; 6:00
      18:00). Morphine increased the ambulatory activity in a dose-dependent manner
      when it was administered to the drug-naive mice. There was no clear circadian
      variation in the increased ambulatory activity. The repeated administration of
      morphine (10 mg/kg) at intervals of 7 days produced an augmentation in the
      sensitivity to the ambulation-increasing effect of morphine independently of the
      times of day, and the mean overall ambulatory activity counts during 3 hr
      observation period in the 5th administration were about 2 times as high as
      corresponding those in the 1st administration. The mice experienced the repeated
      administration of morphine (10 mg/kg) for 5 times during the mid-late light, and
      mid dark (administration at 11:00, 15:00 and 23:00) showed an increased
      sensitivity to the ambulation-increasing effect of methamphetamine (1 mg/kg sc).
      However, the circadian variation in sensitivity to methamphetamine, which was
      highest and lowest during the dark and light periods, respectively, was still
      maintained even in the morphine-experienced mice.

PMID- 4072439
TI  - [Fatal air embolism in diving. A morphologic study].
AB  - Two cases of barotrauma as a result of excess pulmonary pressure with subsequent
      air embolism are reported. Both cases involved serious diving safety errors. The
      morphology of this type of barotrauma is described, with particular reference to
      the etiology of the phenomena involved. Some specific points regarding the
      autopsy procedure in connection with such diving accidents are discussed.

PMID- 4072440
TI  - [Cleavage of synthetic pentazocine glucuronide with hydrochloric acid].
AB  - It has been reported before that pentazocine (I) and pentazocine-glucuronide (II)
      form an artifact (III) by the addition of water to the double bond in the
      presence of HCl. This reaction leads to different results concerning the
      investigation of the rate of hydrolysis of II and the recovery of I. The
      glucuronide was quantitatively hydrolyzed by 20% HCl, but yielded only 15% of I
      (about 64% was detected as III). With 5% HCl the rate of hydrolysis only amounted
      to 40%-43%, whereas I yielded 31% (only 9% was recovered as III). The best III
      yield was obtained with a HCl concentration of 17.5%.

PMID- 4072441
TI  - [Detection of diphenhydramine in autolytic brain tissue in poison-induced brain
      death syndrome].
AB  - A case of accidental monointoxication caused by diphenhydramine is reported.
      Having taken 12 dragees of Neo-Emedyl (50 mg diphenhydramine), an 18-month-old
      girl showed the following symptoms: generalized erythema, dyspnoea, vomiting,
      hyperpyrexia, tremor, convulsions, coma, respiratory arrest and absence of
      reflexes. Computed tomography (CT) suggested a massive cerebral oedema. Her
      electroencephalogram was abnormally diffused at first; later on, it flattened
      significantly and became isoelectric between the 14th day and the final stoppage
      of circulation (after 5 weeks). Autopsy revealed total necrosis of the brain,
      with the venous cerebral blood vessels being thrombosed (the morphological basis
      for dissociated cerebral death). In autolysed brain tissue, diphenhydramine was
      detected at a concentration of 30 ng/g by GC/MS (gas chromatography, mass
      spectrometry); the concentration of the substance was less than 10 ng/g in the
      liver. The relatively high concentration in the brain was due to the previous
      blocking of the circulation. Cerebral death syndrome caused by intoxication
      offers the chance of detecting measurable amounts of the unchanged drug in
      autolysed brain tissue.

PMID- 4072442
TI  - [Student tragedy. Forensic-psychiatric and legal medicine aspects of an unusual
      crime].
AB  - The unusual circumstances of the violent killing of an 18-year-old girl by her
      18.8-years-old schoolfriend led us to undertake a forensic-psychiatric analysis
      of the offence action as well as a presentation of legal-medical points of view.
      The crime, which can be classified as a collective lover crime for which there is
      no parallel in the literature, was only solved 9 months later when one of the two
      delinquents confessed a further offence. The killing was planned and prepared,
      the victim being buried hurriedly in a previously made hole in a wood after she
      had been strangled.

PMID- 4072443
TI  - [Crime under hypnosis. Considerations on the problem of the ability to resist
      according to paragraph 179 of the Penal Code].
AB  - Following the discussion of various hypnosis theories and taking into account
      physiological, psychological, and behavioral-sociological theory on the basis of
      five cases, the question of inability of intent in the sense of Paragraph 179 of
      the Penal Code is discussed, and resistance incapability is rejected.

PMID- 4072444
TI  - [Methodology and interpretation of morphiate detection in urine samples].
AB  - In TLC screenings of 335 urine samples taken because of suspicion of heroin
      consumption, positive evidence of morphine was found in about 50% of the cases,
      which was confirmed without exception by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In
      66% of the positive cases, morphine and codeine were found; in about 31% only
      morphine was found, and the median value of 0.4 mg/l free morphine and 1.0 mg/l
      conjugated morphine was considerably lower than in the whole collection of
      samples. Comparison of the codeine/morphine quotients (Q), especially the free
      bases, proves that the groups of heroin/morphine or codeine consumers can be
      distinctly differentiated. The critical conditions of the conjugated bases worked
      out by Dutt et al. (1983) proved to be right. Using the equation Qf less than 0.5
      square root c, a boundary condition for the free flare bases can also be
      developed, which is dependent on the sum of the codeine and morphine
      concentrations and which proves heroin/morphine consumption with 98% certainty.

PMID- 4072445
TI  - [Affect as a mirror of internalized object relations].
AB  - Differently structured interview situations, simultaneously covering physiologic
      and psychologic parameters, were employed in the investigation of groups of
      patients suffering from either colitis or cardiac neuroses. Verbally expressed
      emotions in this context were evaluated by means of the Gottschalk-Gleser
      Technique. It is implied that in each instance topical interaction patterns
      simultaneously incorporate internalized object relations linked up with the
      respective emotions. Hence the dynamics of previously internalized patterns of
      relations in the two groups of patients described can be reconstructed with the
      aid of psychoanalysis. Generally, patients suffering from colitis tend to express
      their anxieties and aggressions on a physical level whereas those suffering from
      cardiac neuroses are better capable of using language as an "outled valve" for
      their emotions.

PMID- 4072446
TI  - [Cardiac anxiety syndrome. Etiologic significance of orientation crises and
      orientation conflicts and their consequences for therapeutic practice].
AB  - In the framework of a phenomenological approach to cardiac neurosis the author
      investigated 20 patients suffering from this disease regarding their kind of
      communication disorder and conflicts in order to find out the main conditions for
      etiology. This study is based on the conception of so-called "Anthropological
      integrative Psychotherapy" developed by D. Wyss. He conceptualized fundamental
      structures of communication representing the structural aspect of a psychosomatic
      disease and modi of communication in order to show its dynamic aspect. The
      purpose of this investigation was to examine disproportions, deficiencies,
      compensatory hypertrophy and conflicts in the six fundamental structures of
      communication (Living Space, Orientation, Order, Time, Body, Performance). In
      accordance with many other publications separation anxiety, ambivalence between
      tie and separation, aggressive restraint, sexual disorders and conflicts in the
      structure of "performance" are confirmed as significant etiological factors. In
      addition, conflicts, crises and deficiency of orientation have proved to be of
      major importance. This is the essential result of this study and an important new
      contribution to our understanding of cardiac neurosis. The therapies of 3
      patients suffering from cardiac neurosis are reviewed to illustrate the three
      main kinds of disorders in orientation. Finally the therapeutic consequences are
      discussed. The constitution of new orientation in an intersubjective and dialogic
      process seems to be an essential aim for psychotherapeutic treatment of cardiac
      neurosis.

PMID- 4072447
TI  - [Clinical psychosomatics: blood pressure regulation. Problem status from the
      systems theory viewpoint].
AB  - The systemic aspect which integrates the family as a whole to the diagnostic and
      therapeutical process becomes more and more important in Clinical Psychosomatics.
      The development of a sound relationship between the hypertensive patient and his
      physician and the degree to which the patient is able to accept the drug
      treatment seem to be influenced not only by the personality structure of the
      individual patients but also by the interaction pattern of the whole family. The
      possible influence exerted by the special interaction patterns of the family on
      the chronification and/or replication of essential hypertension is shown by 1)
      the obvious negative non-verbal communication behaviour 2) the low intensity of
      verbal communication and 3) the high need of control, the setting of rigid bounds
      and a great inflexibility to solve the existing problems.

PMID- 4072448
TI  - [Suicidal behavior and transmission of death experiences in the family].
AB  - Analytical family therapists have observed in families of suicidal patients
      massive destructiveness. This was brought into context with early experiences of
      death in these families. This is statistically evaluated in this study. On 39
      patients who attempted suicide and a control group as well as the parents in both
      groups the early experiences of death were investigated. According to this, there
      is a very serious predisposition to attempted suicide when the parents as well as
      the patients have lost close relatives through death in their childhood. Such
      losses during the childhood of the parents probably increase the suicidal
      tendencies of the children. But when only the children experienced such losses,
      the tendency to suicide was less than with others. These results partly explain
      the contradictions of previous statistics that only investigated losses through
      death in one generation or the other and not the interactions between both. The
      new findings are in agreement with psychoanalytical theories. Their significance
      for the psychodynamics of suicide and particularly for the passing on of
      traumatic experiences to the next generation is discussed.

PMID- 4072449
TI  - [Personality structure of patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease, a
      psychological test study in disease remission].
AB  - 30 patients with ulcerative colitis and 30 patients with Crohn's disease during
      remission were tested with the Freiburger Personlichkeitsinventar (FPI) and
      standardized interview. There was no difference between both groups in the FPI,
      both were significantly less aggressive than controls. The patients with
      ulcerative colitis were more reserved and introverted, patients with Crohn's
      disease more self-confident, obliging and emotionally stable. Apart from two
      exceptions the answers in the standardized interview were similar in both groups.
      The patients with ulcerative colitis had a significantly better relationship with
      their mothers, the patients with Crohn's disease often called themselves
      "peacemaker". We couldn't confirm the clinical impression that there are
      important differences between patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's
      disease. A remarkable result, however, is that our study of patients during the
      remission didn't show any characteristics as nervousness, depression, emotional
      restraint and instability as it is described to be for the acute phase.

PMID- 4072450
TI  - [Normal values of urine stream velocity in boys].
AB  - Apart from the uroflowmetry the measurement of the speed of the urinary stream
      proved as second suitable non-invasive parameter for the clarification of
      subvesical obstructions in boys. Above all the combination of the two measuring
      methods with the help of the urinary stream speed-uroflow-diagram rendered
      possible a good differentiation of different forms of obstruction (proximal vs
      distal). Since up to now only few data existed for children, the attempt was made
      to gain normal values of the speed of the urinary stream of boys. In 37 boys in
      whom a subvesical obstruction could be excluded radiologically as well as with
      the help of combined urodynamic methods combined measurements of speed and flow
      were performed. The speed values were between 235 and 325 cm/s, the uroflow
      values between 12.5 and 30 ml/s. The data obtained were written down into a V/Q
      diagram and in this way a normal region could be restricted so far that by this
      means the delimitation of pathological V/Q-values is rendered possible and thus
      the classification of subvesical obstructions in boys is facilitated by non
      invasive methods.

PMID- 4072451
TI  - [Gigantocystic form of kidney cancer].
AB  - The rarely appearing gigantocystic form of the carcinoma of the kidney diagnosed
      in a 57-year-old male is described. In connection with the case the possibilities
      of the development of the cysts which were observed in cystic carcinoma of the
      kidney as well as the clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic problems
      of this form of tumour are discussed.

PMID- 4072452
TI  - [Frequency and distribution of arterial hypertension in hydronephrosis kidneys].
AB  - By means of a retrospective study disease cases with urinary stasis in the kidney
      from 1978 to 1982 were investigated. 228 cases were evaluated. The different
      genesis was demonstrated, in which cases the ureterolith dominated as most
      frequent cause. 127 (55.7%) patients were hypertensives, whereas 101 (44.3%) had
      non-hypertensive blood pressure values. With regard to the duration and degree of
      the kidneys with urinary stasis there were no significant differences between
      hypertensives and non-hypertensives, though, the hypertensives showed a distinct
      (p less than 0.05) restriction of the renal function. The prevalence of
      hypertension of 55.7% in coincidence with urinary stasis in the kidney speaks for
      a certain causal connection between the two diseases. Investigations of the
      pressor and depressor systems might contribute to the further clarification.

PMID- 4072453
TI  - [Renal and nephronal function diagnosis in the aged experimental rat].
AB  - An investigation method concerning the renal and nephronal functional diagnostics
      on the experimental animal rat without analysis of microbes, without
      micropuncture technique and without use of inulin or paraamino-hippuric acid
      analogous radiopharmaca is demonstrated. It is based on the steady state
      investigation principle using inulin and paraamino-hippuric acid as test
      substances. The exactness of the method is established by critical considerations
      of the methods concerning the stabilisation of the humoral balance. by estimation
      of the behaviour of the functional parameters after heminephrectomy as well as by
      comparative valuation of the own results by findings reported in literature. The
      established renal and nephronal functional parameters comprise
      glomerulofiltrative and tubulosecretory as well as tubuloreabsorptive processes
      in the water, sodium and paraamino-hippuric acid treatment.

PMID- 4072454
TI  - [Clinico-experimental studies of therapy optimization in kidney tuberculosis].
AB  - The use of antituberculotic short-term chemotherapeutic methods did not yet make
      its way on a larger scale in the treatment of the extrapulmonary tuberculosis on
      account of supposed peculiarities of the terrain. Therefore, the present clinical
      and experimental study had the aim to investigate the distribution of INH and RMP
      in the kidney and the radiometrical determination of their concentration directly
      in the tuberculous focus of the kidney. For this purpose the tritium labelling of
      the two basis antituberculotics mentioned was carried out. Apart from the
      description of the applied working and measuring technique, questions of the
      distribution of medicaments are discussed. The results made evident that also in
      kidneys widely destroyed by tuberculosis both INH after an intravenous
      application of 300 mg and RMP after oral application of 600 mg even in large
      tuberculous caverns achieve antimycobacterially effective concentrations. Indeed,
      there are considerable differences, however, the values were always far above the
      minimum inhibition concentration. Thus there are no terrain-caused peculiarities
      for the tuberculous kidney and also no restrictions as to the use of an optimized
      antituberculotic chemotherapy. The same is probably also applied to all other
      forms of the extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The newly developed method
      distinguishes itself by a high measuring exactness and could analogously be used
      in questions of the chemotherapy of malignant tumours.

PMID- 4072455
TI  - [Kidney function in diabetic patients with diabetes of a duration less than 15
      years].
AB  - All diabetics of a closed population were examined in respect to their renal
      function by means of their level of serum creatinine. 1,380 out of 1,490
      diabetics (type I and type II) have their diabetes less than 15 years. The serum
      creatinine values are increased in 24.9% of these diabetics. The frequency of
      chronic renal insufficiency rose steply after a diabetes period of 15 and more
      years. A classification of the diabetics in groups with equal diabetes period
      showed that renal insufficient diabetics are significant older than those with
      normal renal function. The results of the investigation emphasize the demand to
      enclose the nephropathy in the diagnostic scale of diabetics with short disease
      period, too, to become therapeutic effectively very early.

PMID- 4072456
TI  - Utilization of gluconate by Aspergillus niger. I. Enzymes of phosphorylating and
      nonphosphorylating pathways.
AB  - Gluconate which was produced in cultures of Aspergillus niger with glucose as the
      sole source of carbon, or which was added after exhaustion of glucose, was
      utilized by this mold. In cell-free extracts from gluconate degrading mycelia
      gluconokinase and five enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway were identified.
      Enzymes of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway and of a modified (non-phosphorylating)
      Entner-Doudoroff system, as well as a gluconate dehydrogenase could not be
      detected. It is concluded that gluconate after its phosphorylation to 6
      phosphogluconate is metabolized via the pentose phosphate pathway by the strain
      used.

PMID- 4072457
TI  - [Biomechanics of intramedullary nailing and its interlocking].
AB  - Mechanically an intramedullary nail cannot be conceived of as a nail but rather
      as a bendable feather subject to longitudinal tension and, to a lesser degree, to
      transverse pressure. Reaming the medullary canal is necessary for centralizing of
      the nail as well as for increasing the area of contact with the bone. However,
      this procedure is detrimental to the bone metabolism, thus reducing its
      elasticity against torsional forces. The dynamic locking nail-system is more
      biologic than conventional nailing, with rotatory instability being reduced by
      additional components, such as transverse screws. By applying static locking only
      true static weight bearing with crutches, will be ensured but no dynamic
      mobilisation. Nails with conventional strength and in trefoil leaf formation are
      superior to other designs. However, an improved angle in the proximal locking is
      suggested, as this will allow the weight bearing to be increased three to four
      times.

PMID- 4072458
TI  - [Treatment possibilities of proximal femoral and femoral neck fractures--a
      concept for selection of procedure].
AB  - The authors treated 115 fractures of the proximal part of the femur and its neck.
      Most of these fractures were treated surgically. Indications, surgical technique,
      complications and results are dealt with. Guidelines for adequate treatment of
      each fracture type are established.

PMID- 4072459
TI  - [Traumatic duodenal rupture].
AB  - Traumatic duodenal perforation has an incidence of 1%-17% (blunt injury) or 1.7%
      5% (penetrating injury). Its prognosis correlates to the kind of injury,
      associated injuries, size of perforation and delayed diagnosis. Mortality in
      cases of delayed repair is 65% compared with 5% mortality in early repaired
      perforation. In cases of delayed diagnosis, we recommend drainage of the
      perforation, naso-duodenal suction tube, parenteral alimentation. 5 patients
      where diagnosis was delayed for 8 days or longer were treated in this way and the
      duodenal wound healed completely without any complications within 22-44 days.

PMID- 4072460
TI  - [Replacement of cervical vertebrae by axial stabilizing palacos interposition].

PMID- 4072461
TI  - [Arterial injury caused by so-called bone cement].

PMID- 4072462
TI  - [Recommendation for a new wire stretcher for hand surgery].

PMID- 4072463
TI  - [Roentgen imaging of the thumb saddle joint for diagnosis of peritrapezial
      arthrosis].

PMID- 4072464
TI  - [Arthroscopy of the knee joint in acute traumatic hemarthrosis].

PMID- 4072465
TI  - [Prognosis and prognostics--their significance for surgical practice].
AB  - Resulting from the contemporary situation concerning prognosis and prognostics a
      simplified model for establishing clinical prognoses is demonstrated and fields
      of application are outlined.

PMID- 4072466
TI  - [Prerequisites and obstacles in the perception of medical responsibility in
      surgery].
AB  - A sufficient degree of professional and social knowledge, personality and an
      adequate social order are indispensable prerequisites for taking responsibility
      in surgery. Essential fields of responsibility and a number of obstacles in
      taking this responsibility are referred to.

PMID- 4072467
TI  - [Complications following duodenohemipancreatectomy. Results of 112 patients 1974
      1983].
AB  - From 1974 to 1983, 112 patients were treated at the Chirurgische
      Universitatsklinik Munster according to the procedure first published by Whipple
      in 1935. 40 patients (35.7%) were operated for chronic pancreatitis, 39 for
      (34.8%) ampullary cancer and 33 (29.5%) for pancreatic cancer. As to operative
      mortality which amounted to 10.7% (12/112) for all patients, figures of 10.0%
      (4/40) could be found for relapsing pancreatitis and 7.7% or 15.2% respectively
      for cancer patients. The underlying cause was circulatory arrest in 6 cases,
      anastomotic leakage in 4 cases, liver failure and gas gangrene in 1 case each.
      Altogether eight relaparotomies were performed (7.1%). As non-letal
      complications, pancreatic fistula, rise of liver enzymes, wound healing
      disturbances, and pleural effusion were the most frequent non-letal
      complications. By using the Ethibloc for pancreatic duct occlusion the rate of
      complications could be lowered. Hardly ever, glucose-metabolism was markedly
      affected by this extensive procedure.

PMID- 4072468
TI  - [Manometry studies in the evaluation of anal continence].
AB  - In a complex measuring program performing anorectal perfusion manometry a great
      number of parameters were determined in incontinent patients, patients after
      continence improving operations and in healthy persons. In this way, we were able
      to select 20 parameters in which healthy persons differ from incontinent
      patients, the difference occurring with a security of 99.0 to 99.9%. Our
      investigations were carried out with test persons at rest, after distension of
      the rectal ampulla, during abdominal straining and coughing. Rectoanal resting
      profiles and stress profiles were recorded and the measuring values obtained
      compared with an anamnestic score.

PMID- 4072469
TI  - [Manometry studies of continence performance in patients following
      gracilisplasty].
AB  - Out of a total of 10 patients who had undergone a Pickrell-procedure of the
      gracilis muscle from 1970-1980, 6 were now followed-up by clinical examination
      and perfusion manometry of the anal canal. The manometric parameters were
      compared with an anamnestic score. For anal continence the degree of resting
      activity of the transposed gracilis muscle is in our opinion not decisive. For
      that reason, there is no necessity for a permanent contraction.

PMID- 4072470
TI  - [Cavernous lymphangioma of Vater's papilla as a cause of occlusive icterus. Case
      report].

PMID- 4072471
TI  - [Sigmoid volvulus--a common disease in Ethiopia].

PMID- 4072472
TI  - [Intestinal invagination in the adult].

PMID- 4072473
TI  - [Value of computer tomography for prognosis evaluation, follow-up and choice of
      therapy in acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 4072474
TI  - [Pregnancy course, labor and puerperium in nephrectomized pregnant patients].
AB  - The coincidence of pregnancy and situation after nephrectomy is rare. Pregnancy,
      delivery and puerperium of 28 patients with nephrectomy were analysed and
      compared statistically with a control group from 200 healthy pregnant women.
      Abortion rate, incidence of gestosis, perinatal mortality and frequency of
      premature deliveries are not increased. The pregnancy of women after nephrectomy
      should be controlled in a special prenatal care service. Delivery and puerperium
      do not need any increased medical expense.

PMID- 4072475
TI  - [Results of treatment of hypertensive pregnant patients 1976-1980. 2. Inpatient
      therapy].
AB  - Report on the findings of 353 hypertensive pregnant women during hospitalization.
      We found only a slight decrease of body weight and blood pressure. Drugs were
      given on 214 patients. In 20,7% of all cases we found anemia. The level of serum
      creatinine was increased in 95% of the patients. The hormone and enzyme
      diagnostics did not correlate to the severity of hypertensive disorders.

PMID- 4072476
TI  - [Cystine aminopeptidase and oxytocin in the plasma of pregnant patients with
      premature labor].
AB  - L-cystine aminopeptidase (CAP) activity in plasma was determined by
      spectrophotometry in 243 normal pregnant women in week 20-40 and 68 pregnant
      women with premature pains in week 28-37 of pregnancy. For significantly
      diminished CAP activity, pains and the subsequent premature birth correlated with
      infantile dystrophy, while in case of normal CAP activity the number of premature
      births was significantly less and newborns had eutrophic birth weights. In
      addition, radioimmunological measurements of oxytocin concentration in plasma
      were performed in ten pregnant women each of these groups. In women with
      premature pains, the oxytocin concentration was significantly higher than in
      normals. The present findings suggest that fetal oxytocin release might be the
      trigger signal for pains, thus causing premature birth. This signal might be
      chronically induced by a stress situation which manifests itself in hypotrophy of
      the newborns.

PMID- 4072477
TI  - [Magnesium determination in maternal and umbilical cord serum following tocolysis
      with magnesium supplement].
AB  - We carried out a tocolysis in 14 women with and in 13 women without magnesium and
      determined the magnesium level in maternal and cord serum. The magnesium
      determination could not give a declaration about the role of magnesium in
      diagnostic and therapy of preterm delivery.

PMID- 4072478
TI  - [Interstitial tubal pregnancy--a life threatening localization of ectopic
      pregnancy].

PMID- 4072479
TI  - [Nutrition in the first week of life--comparative studies between 2 different
      nutrition regimens].
AB  - The research work to optimize nutrition in the first week after birth was carried
      out with two groups of healthy newborns. The food quantity of the first group was
      calculated according to the formula (days of life--1) X 70 ml, that of the second
      group according to the formula [days of life X 10) + 20] X 5 ml. With the
      nutrition according to formula 2 combined with the so - called early - feeding a
      rapid increase was reached in the drinking quantity. Potential nutrition
      deficiency troubles had to be avoided by this way. The statistical analysis
      according to the body weights which revealed daily didn't proof any statistical
      differences. A food calculation according to formulas must be judged to be
      obsoletely. The nutrition during the first weeks of life ought to be effected by
      nursing or balanced nutrition based on formula both with regard to frequency and
      quantity on demand a rooming in system.

PMID- 4072480
TI  - [Effect of caffeine on fetal heart rate and caffeine consumption habits in
      pregnant patients].
AB  - Responsiveness to caffeine was studied in early human fetal hearts surviving in
      nutrient solution. Alterations of the spontaneous contraction rate were followed.
      Three concentrations (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mmol/l) were applied. In the presence of
      caffeine there was a significant age- and concentration-dependent increase in
      fetal heart rate in the period of the 6th to 17th weeks of gestation. Concerning
      the caffeine consumption habits of pregnant women a questionaire investigation
      was carried out in 686 cases. 69 per cent of the pregnants regularly drink
      coffee; 10.7 per cent of them consumes more than 300 mg per day. The authors call
      attention to the potential harmful effect of caffeine on the fetal heart.

PMID- 4072482
TI  - [Cardiotocography practice].

PMID- 4072481
TI  - [History of the II. University Gynecologic Clinic in Vienna].

PMID- 4072483
TI  - Influenza equi 2: patterns of RNA and protein in variant strains.

PMID- 4072484
TI  - [A new case of Lagochilascaris major (Leiper 1910) in the Argentine Republic
      parasitizing the cat (Felis catus domesticus)].

PMID- 4072485
TI  - Atrophic rhinitis caused by Pasteurella multocida: some factors influencing
      pathogenicity in gnotobiotic and conventional piglets.

PMID- 4072486
TI  - [Relation between phagocytosis activity and neutrophil granulocyte mobilization
      in cattle after experimental irritation of the udder].

PMID- 4072487
TI  - Duration of immunity afforded to cattle by a binary-ethylenimine inactivated
      rabies vaccine.

PMID- 4072488
TI  - The effect of sex hormones on total immunoglobulin level in the serum of moulting
      hens.

PMID- 4072489
TI  - [Effect of fenbendazole on resting somatic larvae of Toxocara canis Werner 1782
      (Anisakidae) in the pregnant bitch].

PMID- 4072490
TI  - [Significance of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida in rhinitis
      atrophicans suum].

PMID- 4072491
TI  - Oral papillomas in cattle.

PMID- 4072492
TI  - [Etiology of intestinal Enterobacteriaceae infections in young children].
AB  - Enterobacteria, potentially capable of causing infections, were isolated from the
      feces of 88.7% of young children in the intestinal department of an infectious
      disease hospital. Opportunistic bacteria were considered to be the causative
      agents of infections only in cases of their high concentration in the material
      under test. In about a half of the cases the etiological role of the suspected
      microorganisms was confirmed by the detection of antibodies in low titers. The
      presence of maternal antibodies did not interfere with diagnostic procedures. The
      detection of antibodies to autocultures, even in a single case, is of diagnostic
      importance in the examination of young children. Autoserologically confirmed
      mixed infection was found to take a more prolonged course than autoserologically
      confirmed monoinfection.

PMID- 4072494
TI  - [Adsorption of Vi antigen on human erythrocytes].
AB  - The accumulation of Vi-antigen in the human body was studied with the use of such
      characteristic as the specific adsorption capacity of red blood cells. This
      parameter was shown to depend on the phenotype in the ABO blood group system. In
      cases of typhoid fever an increase in the adsorption capacity of red blood cells
      was observed at the acute period of the disease. These changes were particularly
      manifest in patients belonging to groups O and A. The authors suggest that the
      adsorption of the antigen on red blood cells has a definite kinetics related to
      the dynamics of the infectious process.

PMID- 4072493
TI  - [Correction of intestinal microflora in chemotherapeutic dysbacteriosis using
      bifidobacterial and lactobacterial autologous strains].
AB  - The oral administration of kanamycin (40 mg/kg) or ampiox (500 mg/kg) to guinea
      pigs for 5 days led to disturbances in their normal intestinal microflora,
      manifested by a sharp decrease in the levels of lactobacteria and bifidobacteria,
      as well as by the appearance of large amounts of enterobacteria and enterococci,
      normally not detected in the proximal and distal sections of the intestinal
      tract. In adult volunteers receiving kanamycin orally in a dose of 40 mg/kg for 5
      days disturbances in microbiocenosis also occurred: the amount of enterococci,
      staphylococci, lactobacteria and bifidobacteria considerably decreased,
      enterobacteria becoming the dominating microorganisms. Three oral administrations
      of bifidobacterial and lactobacterial autostrains immediately after the abolition
      of the antibiotic facilitated the rapid and effective restoration of the
      intestinal microflora.

PMID- 4072495
TI  - [Use of neuraminidase for improving the properties of the erythrocytic
      ganglioside diagnosticum].
AB  - In this work the possibility of using neuraminidase for increasing the content of
      ganglioside GM1 in the mixture of gangliosides used for the sensitization of
      erythrocytes has been studied. The study has revealed that the treatment of
      gangliosides with neuraminidase is sufficient for obtaining active hemosensitin;
      there is no need for the purification of the preparation by gel filtration.

PMID- 4072496
TI  - [Substantiation of the necessity of developing a single set of phages for
      serotyping of Vibrio cholerae].
AB  - A single set of phages for typing different V. cholerae biotypes has been
      developed in the USSR and proposed for use instead of two sets of phages intended
      for this purpose. This set has been developed in view of the following facts: the
      similarity of the biological properties of V. cholerae biotypes and the absence
      of absolute criteria for their differentiation; the existence of the foci of
      cholera with both biotypes circulating there; the probability experimentally
      confirmed, of the conversion of one biotype into the other.

PMID- 4072497
TI  - [Clinico-laboratory and seroepidemiological examinations of children immunized
      with live measles vaccine prepared from genetically homogeneous strain Moscow-5].
AB  - The results of the clinico-laboratory and epidemiological study of a newly
      developed live measles vaccine obtained from strain Moscow-5, genetically
      homogeneous and cloned from strain JI-16, are presented. The data indicate that
      the vaccine obtained from strain Moscow-5 is safe and possesses low
      reactogenicity and high immunological potency, thus meeting all requirements for
      vaccinal preparations.

PMID- 4072498
TI  - [Evaluation of the immunospecific activity of allergens prepared from house dust
      and the mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in the bacteriosorption reaction on a
      flat surface].
AB  - The content of protein A-reactive IgG to allergens prepared from house dust and
      D. pteronyssinus was determined in the sera of 4 immunized rabbits, 10 sensitized
      and hyposensitized guinea pigs and 37 treated and untreated allergic patients by
      means of the previously developed bacteriosorption test (BST). The sensitivity of
      the test for the determination of allergen-specific antibodies was 50-100 ng/ml.
      This test was shown to permit the detection of IgG in the sera of immunized,
      sensitized and hyposensitized animals, as well as in the sera of some treated and
      untreated patients. The antigenic similarity of both allergens was confirmed.
      Three batches of D. pteronyssinus allergen, standardized as to the content of
      protein nitrogen, differed in their immunospecific activity in BST with one of
      the rabbit sera and with the set of the patients' sera. The covalent
      immobilization of house-dust allergen on polystyrene by means of water-soluble
      carbodiimide gave no advantages in BST in comparison with adsorption
      immobilization in alkaline carbonate-bicarbonate buffer.

PMID- 4072499
TI  - [Development of the concept of the third factor of acquired immunity].

PMID- 4072500
TI  - [Structural organization of the bioelectrical activity of the brain in neurotic
      children].
AB  - Using the method of computerized primary and factorial analysis of the EEGs in
      children with various neurotic disturbances, the authors obtained integral age
      related characteristics, both common and specific, typical of these patients. The
      peculiarities of the age-specific pattern of integral characteristics of the EEG
      indicate that in patients aged 9-12 years the process of a diffuse decrease of
      the amplitude of the cortical rhythms was inhibited and that the period of the
      maximum intensity of theta-rhythm in the anterior central portions was displaced
      from the age 9-10 years to the age of 11-12 years. These disorders were most
      prominent in children with vegetative emotional disturbances.

PMID- 4072501
TI  - [Multiple traumatic intracranial hematomas in children].
AB  - Of 32 children with traumatic intracranial hematomas 11 had multiple hematomas.
      The latter were characterized by a faster development of the compression syndrome
      with signs of intracranial hypertension and secondary stem symptoms. "Clear
      intervals" were more frequent in children than adults. Computer-aided tomographic
      examination is a valuable method in the diagnosis of multiple hematomas.

PMID- 4072502
TI  - [Characteristics of the psycho-emotional sphere and intellect of schoolchildren
      with cerebral vegetative-autonomic disorders].
AB  - Eighty schoolchildren with cerebral vegetative disorders were examined with the
      help of the tests proposed by A Wexler and modified by Panasyuk. One-third of the
      examined children showed a neurotic background and a decreased intellectual index
      associated with the presence of microfocal neurological symptomatology.

PMID- 4072503
TI  - [Clinical aspects of vegetative dysregulation during the pubertal period].
AB  - A clinico-populational study of the functional status of the vegetative nervous
      system in 5291 children of the puberal age made it possible, along with the so
      called subclinical vegetative lability (a physiological phasic state of the
      neurovegetative apparatuses during puberty), to identify in 43.9% of cases
      clinicall manifestations of vegetative disregulation: the syndrome of clinically
      demonstrable vegetative lability and different syndromes of vegetative
      dysfunction. The frequency of vegetative disorders was correlated with sex and
      urban or rural living conditions of patients whereas their intensity largely
      depended on the level of functional activity of neuroendocrine apparatuses in the
      period of puberty.

PMID- 4072504
TI  - [Functional asymmetry of the cerebral hemispheres in infantile cerebral palsy
      (according to dichotic listening data)].
AB  - Examination of functional asymmetry of the cerebral hemispheres by dichotic
      auscultation in 83 patients (aged 12-19 years) with infantile cerebral paralysis
      and 228 normal subjects showed left-side dominance in 76% (right ear coefficient
      REC = +22.01) of patients with spastic diplegia (n = 45) and in 76% (REC = +26.0)
      of normal subjects; in cases of left-side hemispheres (n = 13) this parameter was
      100% (REC = +35.5) and in right-side hemiparetic form 60% (REC = +22.8). The
      findings confirm a genetic nature of functional asymmetry of the cerebral
      hemispheres and indicate a high degree of cerebral hemisphere dominance.

PMID- 4072505
TI  - [Experience with L-DOPA treatment of children with dystonia musculorum deformans
      and dystonic hyperkineses in infantile cerebral palsy].
AB  - Nineteen children with dystonia musculorum deformans and dystonic hyperkineses
      were treated by L-DOPA. A mild positive effect was obtained in 6 children, a
      considerable positive effect in 9 children. A more marked positive effect was
      obtained in children with dystonia musculorum deformans. The results indicate the
      efficiency of L-DOPA in the treatment of dystonia musculorum deformans and
      dystonic hyperkineses against the residual organic background. The advisability
      of 2-3 month long courses of therapy with L-DOPA 2-3 times a year is discussed.
      Some patients may need a continuous therapy with maintenance doses of the drug.

PMID- 4072506
TI  - [Procedure for functional biocontrol in severe forms of movement disorders in
      patients with infantile cerebral palsy].
AB  - The paper deals with a modified method and a new device for functional biocontrol
      in children with severe forms of motor disturbances related to infantile cerebral
      paralysis. Training directed at the normalization of reciprocal relations reduced
      spontaneous bioelectrical activity and improved relationships between muscle
      antagonists of the forearm which resulted in improved parameters of patients'
      motor activity.

PMID- 4072507
TI  - [Neurotoxic syndrome in infectious diseases in children].
AB  - On the material of 72 children with infectious toxicoses the authors describe the
      encephalic syndrome as a manifestation of the neurotoxic syndrome. The neurotoxic
      syndrome was studied clinically and morphologically. A marked syndrome was
      characterized by a considerable edema of the brain and its stem and not
      infrequently by the vedging of the cerebellum into the great occipital orifice.
      Hemispheric focal symptomatology was typically associated with intracranial
      hemorrhage which was considered as a manifestation of the DIC syndrome. The
      authors believe that the neurotoxic syndrome in infectious toxicoses should be
      considered as general cerebral disorders of noninflammatory nature manifested in
      non-specific morphofunctional and metabolic disturbances.

PMID- 4072508
TI  - [Convulsive syndrome in infectious-toxic lesions of the brain in children].
AB  - A clinico-electroencephalographic study covered 64 children aged 1 month to 5
      years who presented the encephalitic syndrome, encephalitis and
      meningoencephalitis due to respiratory and enteroviral infection. Age-specific
      characteristics of the paroxysmal syndrome are described in detail. It has been
      shown that an important role in the genesis of the development of paroxysmal
      attacks in young children is played by a low threshold of convulsive readiness
      and by an unfavourable premorbid background. Children under 5 years of age
      presented no epileptic foci on the EEG in the course of the encephalitic
      syndrome, encephalitis and meningoencephalitis.

PMID- 4072509
TI  - [Features of the course of temporal-lobe epilepsy in children].
AB  - Forty-nine patients (aged 7-15 years) with temporal epilepsy were examined using
      clinical and electrophysiological methods; 27 children were also subjected to
      psychological examination and 14 of them to computerized tomography of the brain.
      Characteristics of temporal paroxysms and correlation between the course of
      epilepsy and its duration and progression are described in detail. It was shown
      that neuroinfections, craniocerebral traumas, perinatal pathology of the nervous
      system and genetic predisposition play a certain role in the genesis of temporal
      epilepsy. Psychological examination of patients with temporal epilepsy revealed
      various disorders of neuropsychic processes in 27 children. In 5 cases computer
      aided tomography of the brain revealed various changes including petrifacates,
      cysts, foci of gliosis with partial brain atrophy and deformation of the lateral
      ventricles.

PMID- 4072510
TI  - [Pathogenesis of the syndrome of nocturnal enuresis].
AB  - Examination of 95 patients with nocturnal enuresis revealed symptoms of natal
      insufficiency of the spinal cord in most of the cases, involving the cervical
      portion more frequently than the lumbar enlargement. The principal symptoms
      correlating with EMG findings are described. The identification in a large group
      of enuresis patients a subgroup with enuresis related to spinal abnormality opens
      additional perspectives in the pathogenetic therapy of this wide-spread disease.

PMID- 4072511
TI  - [Stages and systematics of psychopathies and psychopath-like disorders of a non
      psychotic nature in adolescents (multi-year study)].
AB  - A long-term study covered 121 adolescents with psychopathies and psychopathy-like
      disturbances. A stable level of social adaptation was ascertained in 83.3% of the
      adolescents with acute affective reactions, in 69.6% of the adolescents with a
      pathocharacterological development and reactions, in 14.3% of the patients with a
      psychogenic pathological formation of the personality, in 13.2% of the patients
      with psychopathies and in 42.9% of the patients with psychopathy-like disorders
      of exogenic-organic genesis. The following stages of depsychopathization were
      specified: adaptive transformation, effacement, depsychopathization as a result
      and clinical recovery. A multiaxial classification of the studied disturbances is
      proposed. Apart from the traditional nosological and syndromological
      characteristics, it reflects pathocharacterological peculiarities, the stages of
      the time-course of psychic disorders and the degree of social adaptation.

PMID- 4072512
TI  - [General patterns in the clinical picture, etiology and pathogenesis of
      neuropsychiatric diseases on a neurotic level in young children].
AB  - Children under 2 years of age are characterized by more diffuse neurotic
      reactions (a non-differential stage) to the action of psychogenic factors. After
      the age of 2.5-3 years children show complications of the type of neurotic
      reacting with the appearance of more diverse types of emotional responses and
      dominant monosymptoms expressed in impairment of one of the somatic, motor or
      other systems.

PMID- 4072513
TI  - [Clinical features of neuroses in left-handed children].
AB  - A study covering 100 sinistral and 100 dextral neurotic children revealed a
      higher percentage of persons with manifestations of motor disinhibition, phobias
      and anxiety among sinistral children. It was also in this group that a
      considerable number of children presented at the beginning of schooling such
      phenomena as "mirror" writing and attempts of reading and counting from right to
      left. Elements of "mirror" thinking seemed to explain difficulties in learning
      writing and reading observed in such children. The authors discuss the questions
      of prophylactic measures in sinistral children with neuroses.

PMID- 4072514
TI  - [Psychopathologic features of cyclothymic-like depressive states in slowly
      progressive schizophrenia in pre-puberty and puberty].
AB  - One hundred and thirty depressive states of the cyclothymic level have been
      analyzed in 51 patients (24 boys and 27 girls) or prepuberal and puberal age who
      suffered from slowly progressive schizophrenia. Five types of the depressive
      syndrome have been specified, namely simple, anxiety-like, dysphoric, adynamic
      and asthenic. An atypical nature of these types due both to the form of the
      disease course and age-specificity is shown.

PMID- 4072515
TI  - [Variants of the course of childhood schizophrenia with protracted hypomaniacal
      states].
AB  - Forty schizophrenics (5 girls and 35 boys) aged 4-12 years with long-standing (2
      8 years) hypomaniac states were examined. The clinical material was analyzed in
      comparison with a control group of constitutionally hyperthymic children. The
      results of the analysis have shown that chronic hypomanias may develop in
      childhood both in the framework of the ongoing schizophrenic process and in the
      form of a thymopathic hypomaniac remission.

PMID- 4072516
TI  - [Delusion-like fantasies in slowly-progressive schizophrenia in children].
AB  - Twenty-five schizophrenic children with the syndrome of delirium-like fantasy
      making were examined. The author describes the evolutional course of this
      syndrome and its connection with transformation of pathological fantasy-making of
      a neurotic level and shows an intermediate position of deliriumlike fantasies
      between pathologically intensified fantasy-making and delirium.

PMID- 4072517
TI  - [Pseudo-organic defect in non-manifest schizophrenia].
AB  - On the basis of the material about 42 patients with non-manifest schizophrenia
      (slowly progressive in 32 cases and simple in 10 cases) the author presents a
      clinical and psychopathological description of mild pseudoorganic defect. It has
      been shown that the structure of the defect includes pseudoorganic disorders in
      the form of a reduction in the level of personality as well as Verschroben-like
      changes characteristic of schizophrenia. It has been elucidated that this variant
      of the defect is closely associated with the onset of the disease in childhood
      and a mixed nature of the dysontogenisis, including the signs of both
      dissociation and the retardation of mental development. This is confirmed by
      electroencephalographic findings suggesting a delayed maturation of the cortical
      electrical activity of the brain.

PMID- 4072518
TI  - [Clinical dynamics of cenesto-hypochondriacal neurosis-like disorders in
      schizophrenia with onset in adolescence (clinico-catamnestic study)].
AB  - For 10-15 years the authors studied the time-course of neurosis-like disturbances
      in 46 patients with schizophrenia manifested in adolescence with cenesthopathic
      symptomatology (23 patients presented the cenesthopathic-hypochondriac syndrome,
      in 17 cenesthopathia was attended by phobias, in 6 it was combined with
      manifestations of derealization and depersonalization). The study showed that in
      87% of the observations the disease ran continuously (torpidly in 29, by the type
      of the simple form in 5 and by the type of the paranoid form in 6 patients), in
      13% of the patients the disease ran a paroxysm-progressive course. In 10-15 years
      the clinical picture in half of the patients continued to be characterized by the
      leading cenestho-hypochondriac symptomatology, in one-fourth of patients cenestho
      hypochondriac disturbances were transformed into hallucinational-paranoid, in
      another one-fourth of patients into either psychosis-like or apathoabulic (by the
      type of the simple form) symptomatology. The authors discuss the degree of
      progression of the disease in different variants of its course, the social and
      marital status of patients, the specificity of personality changes and
      peculiarities of disease relapses.

PMID- 4072520
TI  - [Situational reactions in suicidologic practice].
AB  - The paper is devoted to the description of suicidal manifestations in mentally
      normal adolescents among typical behavioural disorders characteristic of
      situational reactions of this age. Three types of suicido-dangerous situational
      responses of adolescents were specified with regard to their age and auto-and
      heteaggressiveness ratio: reaction of deprivation, explosive reaction and
      reaction of auto-elimination. Suicidogenic conflicts were analyzed and spheres of
      age-specific suicidal conflicts were defined. It is advisable that outpatient
      management of mentally normal adolescents with a history of a suicidal attempt be
      conducted in a special room of presentive suicidological service.

PMID- 4072519
TI  - [Clinico-psychological study of children at high risk for the development of
      behavior disorders].
AB  - The earlier detected factor determining the disadaptive behaviour of mental
      patients formed a basis for grouping children with a high risk of pathological
      behavioural disorders. The authors conducted a clinico-psychological and
      sociological study of one such high risk group composed of young children with
      ante-and perinatal damage to the brain who came from socially disadaptive
      families. Thirty children and their parents were studied. A pathoplastic effect
      of a disharmonic familial setting and a distorted nature of the interaction in
      the mother-child system on the clinical picture including manifestations of
      encephalopathy, retardation of mental development, specific disorders of
      communication and the first signs of behavioural disturbances was elucidated. A
      conclusion was drawn about the advisability of psychotherapeutic,
      psychocorrective and therapeutic-pedagogical work with such children in a special
      children institution.

PMID- 4072521
TI  - [Dactyloscopy in children with retarded psychic development].
AB  - To reveal constitutional liability of children with mental retardation (MR),
      dactiloscopy was performed in 200 children with MR of a cerebral-organic genesis
      (129 boys and 61 girls), 110 normal children (56 boys and 54 girls) and 95
      children with an undifferentiated form of oligophrenia at the stage of debility
      (68 boys and 27 girls). It was found that mentally retarded children as compared
      to normal children more frequently had a pattern of the "coil" type, dysplasia of
      the crest lines, less marked bimanual symmetry of patterns and less pronounced
      sex differences in the frequency of finger patterns.

PMID- 4072522
TI  - [Classification of vascular lesions of the brain and spinal cord].

PMID- 4072523
TI  - [Classification of vascular diseases of the spinal cord].

PMID- 4072524
TI  - [Role of mitral valve prolapse in the pathogenesis of cerebral infarction].
AB  - Two young patients with mitral valve prolapse and an ischemic disorder of the
      cerebral circulation were examined. The authors discuss the role of mitral valve
      prolapse in the pathogenesis of ischemic cerebral stroke in young patients.

PMID- 4072525
TI  - [Several possible pathogenetic mechanisms of cerebral circulatory disorders].
AB  - The author examined the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid system
      (HPTS) in 618 patients with various forms of cerebral circulation disorders and
      also carried out experiments on 50 rabbits. The results of the clinical
      laboratory and experimental studies elicited the role of the HPTS in the
      pathogenesis of cerebral circulation disorders. HPTS dysfunction was shown to
      impair the thyroid homeostasis which led to a reduction in the cerebral redox
      processes, imbalance between the coagulation and anticoagulation systems, and
      changes in the composition of blood trace elements. All these changes contribute
      to the development of cerebral circulation disorders.

PMID- 4072526
TI  - [Features of lipid metabolism in patients of different sexes and ages with
      dyscirculatory encephalopathy].
AB  - Lipid metabolism was studied in 312 males and females of young, middle, elderly
      and senile ages with dyscirculatory Stage I and II encephalopathy induced by
      atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, or their combination. The control group
      was composed of 216 clinically healthy age-matched subjects. Marked
      hyperlipidemic shifts in the form of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG),
      hypercholesterolemia (HC) and hyperbetalipoproteinemia (HBL) were found in
      patients of both sexes under 45 years of age: HC and marked HTG were
      significantly more frequent in males. In middle-aged patients marked HTG was more
      common in males and HC in females. Elderly and senile patients as compared with
      young and middle-aged ones were characterized by a low cholesterol coefficient of
      atherogenicity and high levels of high density lipoproteins with antiatherogenic
      action. The most frequent type of hyperlipidemias in patients of all age groups
      was IIa, Types IIb and IV were observed less commonly.

PMID- 4072527
TI  - [Neuro-ophthalmologic symptoms in the immediate period after rupture of an
      aneurysm of the cerebral vessels].
AB  - The author analyzes neuroophthalmological symptoms in 78 patients, including 68
      with arterial and 10 with arteriovenous aneurysms of the brain in the acute
      period of their rupture. In some cases neuroophthalmological symptoms make it
      possible, already at the early stages of examination, to suggest the nature of
      the vascular process, localization of the aneurysm, severity of the disease, as
      well as the presence of complications and the outcome of the illness.

PMID- 4072528
TI  - [Changes in plasma osmolality in patients in the most acute phase of a stroke].
AB  - Monitoring of plasma osmolality (PO) in patients with cerebral stroke revealed
      the most marked changes in hemorrhagic stroke. The presence of renal failure and
      hyperglycemia aggravated disorders of osmotic homeostasis. The value of PO
      adequately reflected the severity of the state of the patients. Stable
      hyperosmolality and an increase in the difference between the measured and
      calculated PO over 30 mOsm in the acutest phase of stroke were poor prognostic
      signs. Determination of PO along with other traditional tests (measurement of
      sodium, potassium, urea and glucose) yields important information for the correct
      treatment of patients in the acutest phase of cerebral stroke.

PMID- 4072529
TI  - [Hemostasis and rheologic properties of blood in patients with minor strokes].
AB  - The hemostasis and rheological properties of the blood were studied in 88
      patients with minor stroke (MS), 26 with transient disorders of the cerebral
      circulation (TDCC), and in 34 patients with stroke with minimum residual symptoms
      (SMRS). It has been established that disturbances of the hemostasis and
      rheological properties of the blood are one of the pathogenetic factors with
      respect to MS. In terms of severity and reversibility the latter occupies an
      intermediate position between TDCC and SMRS.

PMID- 4072530
TI  - [Ultraviolet spectrophotometry of the cerebrospinal fluid in the differential
      diagnosis of strokes].
AB  - The authors describe the possibility of using the results of ultraviolet
      spectrophotometry of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the differential diagnosis
      of ischemic, hemorrhagic and mixed cerebral strokes. It was found that repeated
      examinations may be of a definite prognostic value. A correlational analysis
      showed that the greatest effect on the optical density of the CSF in cases of
      hemorrhagic strokes is exercised by protein and bilirubin and in cases of
      ischemic strokes by protein and aspartate aminotransferase (AST).

PMID- 4072531
TI  - [Clinico-rheographic study of the cerebrovascular effect of alpha-adrenergic
      blockers in vascular diseases of the brain].
AB  - The effect of the alpha-adrenoblockers, nicergoline (N) and dihydroergotoxin
      (DHET), on the cerebral vessels and the systemic hemodynamics was studied in 152
      patients with acute and chronic vascular diseases of the brain. It was
      established that the hypotensive action of alpha-blockers was the greater the
      higher was the initial arterial hypertension. REG conducted during an hour after
      the intravenous administration of N and DHET revealed an increase in the pulse
      blood filling and an improvement of the arterial tone. Changes in vascular
      resistance were heterogeneous. Both drugs induced the venous outflow but there
      were no signs of venous hypotension. An improvement in the systemic and cerebral
      hemodynamics correlated with clinical improvement.

PMID- 4072532
TI  - [Effect of cavinton on systemic and cerebral hemodynamics of patients with
      chronic cerebral circulatory insufficiency].
AB  - The effect of cavinton on the systemic (by the method of diluting Evans blue
      according to Stewart-Hamilton) and cerebral (by the method of
      rheoencephalography) hemodynamics was examined in 38 patients with chronic
      insufficiency of the cerebral circulation (CICC) in the presence of either
      atherosclerosis alone (n = 22) and its combination with arterial hypertension (n
      = 16). Cavinton decreased the peripheral vascular resistance and the tone of the
      small and median vessels of the brain, increased the cardiac output and improved
      the rheological properties of the blood (it lowered the globular volume,
      viscosity and hematocrit). The best results were attained with the parenteral
      administration of the drug. Indications for and contraindications to cavinton in
      patients with CICC are discussed.

PMID- 4072533
TI  - [Current problems in gerontopsychiatry].

PMID- 4072534
TI  - [Status of higher nervous activity and various indices of experimental
      psychological examinations of the aged].
AB  - On the basis of a comprehensive experimental-psychological examination of
      clinically healthy people of advanced age groups, the authors have established
      the main regularities of changes in mental activity with age. It is demonstrated
      that deterioration of memory, attention and apractognostic processes is largely
      due to a reduction in the tone of the brain cortex. The normative parameters of
      the functional mobility and mental working ability are presented for people aged
      20 to 100 years.

PMID- 4072535
TI  - [Neuropsychological approach to the complex study of senile dementia].
AB  - Thirty-eight patients with late mentally deteriorating processes were studied.
      Using a standardized neuropsychological method, the authors have outlined four
      major variants of neuropsychological syndromes characteristic of damage to
      definite zones of the brain. Comparison of these data with the results of
      clinical and computer-aided tomographic examination showed that the
      neuropsychological approach is an adequate method in the combined study of senile
      dementia.

PMID- 4072536
TI  - [Pathopsychological aspect of studies of cognitive activity and personality
      characteristics during aging and in senile psychoses].
AB  - The paper is devoted to the organization, theory and practice of gerontological
      pathopsychology, including questions of differentiation between normal and
      pathological in gerontopsychiatry, validity and reliability of experimental
      psychological methods. With special reference to a variety of forms of the
      insight of the disease in elderly age the author shows a multi-factorial nature
      of personality symptom complexes. The design of a pathopsychological study and
      the selection of experimental techniques are shown to depend on the nature of
      clinical tasks facing the investigator.

PMID- 4072537
TI  - [Social-psychological features of the life style of aging persons].
AB  - On the basis of a comprehensive medico-social and sociopsychological examination
      of a populational sample in the city of Kiev, the authors analyze the
      characteristics of the mode of life of the people before retirement and retired
      on pension. The causes of the disadaptation of elderly people to this period of
      life and the ways to eliminate them are discussed. The interrelations between the
      marital status, mode of life and the state of health are outlined. Prophylactic
      measures aimed at preventing the disadaptation of old people and the pension
      disease are recommended.

PMID- 4072538
TI  - [Revival of recollections of the distant past in the aged as a precondition for
      the development of shift of situation into the past in mental disorders of old
      age].
AB  - Reminiscences of the past were studied in 50 mentally normal women aged 72-92
      years. Two types of reminiscences were identified: review, reevaluation of the
      past life in 13 and spontaneous reminiscences of the long past in 32 subjects.
      The latter were characterized by fragmentality, sensual vividness, not
      infrequently by emotional neutrality. They were in fair correlation with the age
      and the level of mental activity. It was proved that the realization of old
      mnemonic material becomes biologically easier in old age. It is postulated that
      this property of senile psyche may serve as a prerequisite for the development of
      the pathological symptom, a shift of the situation into the past, which is
      constant in senile dementia and transient in other psychopathological states in
      advanced age.

PMID- 4072539
TI  - [Adaptation of elderly persons to a microsocial environment as a task of medico
      psychological consultation].
AB  - On the basis of the study of the urgent questions of medicopsychological
      counselling aimed at adapting an elderly patient to the microsocial environment,
      the authors consider both theoretical aspects of differentiation of health and
      disease in ageing people and practical forms and methods of medicopsychological
      counselling and sociopsychological correction of aberrant mental functions both
      in old age and in cases of initial atherosclerotic changes. The authors also
      recommend the provision of systemic study and organization of the dynamic process
      of adaptation, including componential, functional and historical (biographic)
      aspects.

PMID- 4072540
TI  - [Cerebral circulation and various indices of the functional status of the brain
      during aging].
AB  - Radionuclide examination of the cerebral blood flow as well as
      rheoencephalographic, electroencephalographic and experimental-psychological
      techniques were used to study the nature and interrelationship of changes in the
      hemodynamics and brain function in middle-aged and elderly people with initial
      manifestations of cerebral atherosclerosis. It was shown that the cerebral
      hemodynamics and neurometabolism may be improved by vasoactive means.

PMID- 4072541
TI  - [Changes in the spectral power of the EEG in alcoholics during presentation of
      stimuli of different semantic modality].
AB  - Using bipolar registration of the EEG from two symmetrical temporal leads in 50
      alcoholic patients and 20 normal subjects, the authors examined changes in the
      spectral power (SP) of the EEG in a range of 0.5-32 Hz in response to the
      presentation of 6 series of visual stimuli different by semantic modality. It was
      found that stimuli of an alcoholic nature induced in the patients the maximum
      increase in SP parameters and led to a change in the SP-dominant hemisphere. In
      contrast, the controls showed augmentation of SP in response to stimuli of food
      and sex modality without changes in lateralization. A conclusion is drawn about
      the dependence of SP parameters on the hierarchy of the individual requirements.
      From the standpoint of concepts about the pathological development of the
      personality, the authors analyze the qualitative features of EEG responses in
      alcoholics toward specific stimuli.

PMID- 4072542
TI  - [Surgical echographic diagnosis of brain tumors].
AB  - Echographic examination of 43 patients was conducted during removal of tumors or
      during diagnostic operations. Brain tumors of supra- and subtontorial
      localization were detected. The use of an improved ultrasonic transducer and the
      transmission sonication method helps in identifying more exactly the character,
      size, and depth of the tumor as well as determining the condition of the
      ventricles and main arteries of the brain. The application of the improved method
      ensures the choice of an adequate surgical approach and reduces the traumatic
      character of the operation.

PMID- 4072543
TI  - [Photoelectric intraoperative diagnosis of brain tumors].
AB  - Intraoperative examination of 43 neuro-oncological patients was conducted. The
      exact boundaries of the tumors and their extension into tumorous cysts and the
      ventricles of the brain were determined by means of a puncture cannula fitted
      with a photoelectric transducer. Comparative analysis of the regional blood flow
      in the peripheral tissues, on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres, in the
      white and tumorous tissues along the length of the puncture canal was made by the
      method of surface and intratissue photoplethysmography. It was established that
      the optic properties of most tumors, cysts, and CSF spaces significantly differed
      from those of the white matter. Analysis of intratissue photoplethysmogram
      revealed considerable fluctuations of the pulsed blood flow in the white matter
      and tumorous tissue, reorganization of blood flow in the white matter and tumors
      was found in some cases counterphase to that on the surface of the cerebral
      hemispheres and in the peripheral tissues.

PMID- 4072544
TI  - [Results of surgical treatment of gliomas of the optic nerve].
AB  - The work discusses the catamnestic data on 55 children aged from 10 months to 17
      years who underwent operation for glioma of the optic nerve by the one-stage
      cranio-orbital method. A recurrent tumor was found in 6 patients in postoperative
      periods of 1 to 5 years. Its source was a nonremoved intracanalicular part of the
      optic nerve involved in the tumor. Chronic trophic uveitis was encountered in
      some patients after the operation, which led to subatrophy of the eyeball.
      Exacerbation of uveitis simulated growth of the tumor into the optic disk in some
      cases, due to which enucleation of the eyeball was performed.

PMID- 4072545
TI  - [Transcapillary filtration of electrolytes in the brain after craniocerebral
      injuries].
AB  - A new method was used to determine the value and direction of electrolyte
      filtration through the walls of capillaries in the brain in patients with
      craniocerebral injury. It was found that the period of the development of brain
      edema coincided in time with the prevalence of the processes of sodium, calcium,
      and fluid escape from the cerebral vessels into the cerebral tissue. The movement
      of potassium through the capillary wall was counter-current to that of sodium
      filtration in most cases. Transcapillary filtration of electrolytes in patients
      with craniocerebral injury during the posttraumatic period was characterized by
      recurrent changes in the direction of filtration. Electrolytes (sodium,
      potassium, and calcium) possess their own, often independent of one another,
      mechanisms of transfer through the membranes of the histohematic barriers.

PMID- 4072546
TI  - [Short-latency evoked potentials in evaluation of the severity and localization
      of traumatic lesions of the brain].
AB  - Acoustic stem evoked potentials (ASEP) and early components of somatosensory
      evoked potentials (SSEP) were studied in 36 patients with craniocerebral trauma
      and compared with those of normal individuals. The results demonstrate the
      advantages of using SSEP for appraising the patients' condition. This is
      manifested by the fact that the ASEP parameters do not correlate with the
      clinical data on the severity of the patients' condition (Glasgow scale) and the
      indices of the outcome scale, while, in contrast, the SSEP parameters are in good
      correlation with the clinical findings.

PMID- 4072547
TI  - [Emergency consultative neurosurgical services in general hospitals of large
      cities].

PMID- 4072548
TI  - [Supratentorial meningiomas of large size].

PMID- 4072549
TI  - [Cerebral blood flow time as a diagnostic test in neurology and neurosurgery
      patients].

PMID- 4072550
TI  - [Chronic subdural hematoma of the posterior cranial fossa].

PMID- 4072551
TI  - [Status of biogenic amine metabolism in tumors of chiasm-sellar localization].
AB  - Histamine, serotonin, and catecholamine metabolism was studied in 47 patients
      with tumors of diencephalic localization. It was shown that the degree of
      involvement of the hypothalamus in the tumor determined the different character
      of metabolic changes of biogenous amines. Three stages of biogenous amine
      metabolism were distinguished: activation, compensation, and exhaustion. The
      degree of metabolic changes manifestation before the operation determined to a
      great measure the organism's reaction to it. The work substantiates the necessity
      for taking into consideration the metabolism of biogenous amines before
      undertaking surgery.

PMID- 4072552
TI  - [Use of stereology in the morphometry of osseous tissue and its evaluation].

PMID- 4072553
TI  - [The strength of osseous tissue].

PMID- 4072554
TI  - [Use of chromium-nickel implants in patients allergic to nickel and chromium].

PMID- 4072555
TI  - [Calcitonin. 2. Calcitonin in man and possibilities of its therapeutic use].

PMID- 4072556
TI  - [Enthesiopathy of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. I. Etiopathogenesis].

PMID- 4072557
TI  - [Enthesiopathy of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. II. Thermography and
      thermometry of the elbow joint].

PMID- 4072558
TI  - [Pes planus in children (practical part)].

PMID- 4072559
TI  - [Immunologic monitoring of the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis].

PMID- 4072560
TI  - [Chondroma patellae proliferans].

PMID- 4072561
TI  - [The significance of the dislocation of fragments after therapy and the prognosis
      of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children].

PMID- 4072562
TI  - [New views on carpal injuries. IV. Pseudoarthroses of the scaphoid bone].

PMID- 4072563
TI  - [Emergency care of fractures of the lower extremities in multiple injuries. II ].

PMID- 4072564
TI  - [Principles of treatment of recent spinal injuries].

PMID- 4072565
TI  - [Skin defects in the area of the heel].

PMID- 4072566
TI  - Performance evaluation of reflectance meter for glucose determination by two
      different reagent strips.
AB  - Serum glucose concentrations of 112 blood samples determined by the
      GOD/POD/Trinder method were compared with values obtained on whole blood by means
      of the Glucometer reflectance meter and two different reagent strips, Dextrostix
      and an experimental strip (GX 947822), in order to establish over a wide range of
      glucose concentrations, the precision and reproducibility of reflectometric
      methods. The two methods examined showed an excellent correlation with the
      reference method, particularly if data were corrected for the individual
      hematocrit value, and both accuracy and precision were reasonably satisfactory.

PMID- 4072567
TI  - The macular recovery test after photostress in normal and diabetic subjects.
AB  - The authors present a clinical statistical study on the macular recovery test
      after photostress in normal subjects and retinopathic and non-retinopathic
      diabetics. The limits within which the test retains its reliability in predicting
      the development of retinopathy in diabetics are statistically analyzed.

PMID- 4072568
TI  - Long-term results in preventive medicine for type II diabetes.
AB  - The authors report the results of a 12-year screening for type II diabetes in
      their Health District (Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy). The method consisted of
      two steps, following Pavel and Sdrobici, for early diagnosis of clinical diabetes
      and IGT. The authors found 1.03% of clinical diabetes and 2.65% of IGT cases in
      the population examined (200,000 subjects). Statistically significant
      correlations existed with regard to the various risk factors (familiarity,
      obesity, fetal macrosomia, occupation). Follow-up after 6 years for IGT subjects
      showed a 25.5% return to normal of OGTT values, 21.7% improvement, 19% unchanged,
      33.8% deterioration. There was a correlation between these results and life-style
      (diet, reduction in calorie intake, weight loss). Twelve years after these
      screenings, a 2.7% drop in incidence was observed for type II diabetes in this
      Health District.

PMID- 4072569
TI  - Nailfold computed videomicroscopy in morpho-functional assessment of diabetic
      microangiopathy.
AB  - Although careful measurement of the size of capillary loops is mandatory in the
      evaluation of diabetic microangiopathy, no current technique allows rapid and
      careful morphometric analysis of capillaroscopic findings. In an attempt to solve
      this problem, assembling readily available instruments, the authors have set up
      an original apparatus for computed videomicroscopy. The apparatus ensures
      detailed morphological assessment of single loops at high magnification. Each
      single frame stored on videocassettes can be digitalized for morphometric
      analysis, saved on floppy disk or printed by means of a graphic printer.

PMID- 4072570
TI  - Serum activity of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in obese hyperinsulinemic
      subjects.
AB  - We have measured serum activity of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG,
      fluorimetric method) in some groups of obese subjects with similar degrees of
      overweight but with different insulin secretion and glucose tolerance (GT) during
      OGTT. In the control group (35 normal subjects, mean body weight 102% of ideal
      body weight, normal GT) NAG was 282 +/- 77 nmol S/h/ml; in group I (11 subjects,
      body weight 149%, normal GT and insulin levels) NAG was 304 +/- 55; in group II
      (19 subjects, body weight 142%, normal GT and high insulin levels) NAG was 453 +/
      90 (p less than 0.001 vs group I and controls); in group III (14 subjects, body
      weight 154%, impaired GT and high insulin levels) NAG was 481 +/- 108 (p less
      than 0.005 vs group I and controls); in group IV (16 subjects, body weight 153%,
      diabetic GT and high insulin levels) NAG was 657 +/- 109 (p less than 0.001 vs
      other groups). Moreover in the whole series NAG levels and insulin areas, but not
      NAG levels and degree of overweight, were significantly correlated (r=0.46, p
      less than 0.001). These data show that hyperinsulinism (especially when there is
      also pathological glucose tolerance) can positively affect NAG levels, probably
      through altered glycoprotein turnover, of which NAG serum levels are a sensitive
      indicator.

PMID- 4072572
TI  - Changes in computed tomographic findings in microprolactinomas before and after
      bromocriptine.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) of the pituitary before and after bromocriptine
      treatment were performed in 10 patients with microprolactinoma. Intrapituitary
      low densities were demonstrated in 7 out of the 10 patients before bromocriptine.
      Low densities shrank in size and increased in density after normalization of the
      plasma prolactin (Prl) level following bromocriptine. At the same time, various
      degrees of empty sella were demonstrated in these patients and in 2 out of the 3
      without noticeable changes before treatment. It was concluded that enhanced CT
      scans, especially sagittal reconstruction images, were very informative for the
      diagnosis of microprolactinoma and that bromocriptine reduced the size of the
      microprolactinoma and often led to empty sella.

PMID- 4072571
TI  - Presence of carpal tunnel syndrome in diabetics: effect of age, sex, diabetes
      duration and polyneuropathy.
AB  - Common thought is that diabetic neuropathy is a predisposing factor to entrapment
      syndromes. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most frequent entrapment
      neuropathy; females and old people are most frequently affected (Comi et al.,
      1978). Prevalence of CTS in diabetics and associated risk factors were studied in
      401 patients (208 males and 193 females) with insulin-dependent and non-insulin
      dependent diabetes using electrophysiological techniques. Median nerve sensory
      and motor conduction velocity, ulnar and peroneal nerve motor conduction velocity
      and sural nerve sensory conduction velocity were investigated in all patients.
      Diagnostic criteria for CTS were the presence of delayed median nerve sensory
      conduction velocity in the palm-wrist tract and of increased distal motor
      latency. Polyneuropathy was defined by slowing-down of conduction velocity in two
      or more nerves. Forty-five patients (11.2%), 36 females and 9 males, showed CTS.
      One-hundred-sixty-eight patients (41.8%), 74 females and 94 males, were suffering
      from peripheral neuropathy. The strongest risk factors for CTS, in order of
      importance, were: female sex, older age and presence of neuropathy.
      Polyneuropathy but not CTS was related to duration of diabetes.

PMID- 4072573
TI  - The measurement and characterisation by high pressure liquid chromatography of
      immunoreactive alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone in human plasma.
AB  - Immunoreactive alpha-MSH was found in human plasma and in normal subjects ranged
      from less than 10-45 pg/ml. Plasma alpha-MSH concentrations were within the
      normal range in 13 out of 15 subjects during the last trimester of normal
      pregnancy and only just outside the normal range in the remaining two. Elevated
      plasma alpha-MSH concentrations were found in 6 of the 11 patients with Nelson's
      syndrome and in 10 of the 11 patients with pituitary dependent Cushing's disease.
      Separation on high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed two major peaks
      of immunoreactivity. These peaks, which were identified as des-acetyl alpha-MSH
      and alpha-MSH were similar in size in normal subjects and Cushing's disease. In
      Nelson's syndrome, on the other hand, there was a greater proportion of des
      acetyl alpha-MSH and it is possible that this peptide is secreted from tumour
      cells of anterior lobe origin. Although there was no correlation between the
      circulating alpha-MSH and the degree of pigmentation the high concentrations of
      plasma immunoreactive alpha-MSH in Cushing's disease and the HPLC profiles in
      Nelson's syndrome could provide useful information as to the localization of the
      defects in these particular disorders.

PMID- 4072574
TI  - Effects of bromocriptine on cell cycle distribution and cell morphology in
      cultured rat pituitary adenoma cells.
AB  - The effects of bromocriptine, a dopamine (DA) agonist, on cell cycle distribution
      and cell morphology have been studied in a clonal strain of rat pituitary adenoma
      cells (GH3) which produce and secrete spontaneously both prolactin (Prl) and
      growth hormone (GH). DNA flow cytometry showed that bromocriptine caused a dose
      dependent delay in cell cycle traverse concomitantly with a reduction in cellular
      growth rate. The lowest concentration of bromocriptine (5 X 10(-6) mol/l)
      significantly (P less than 0.05) increased the relative number of cells in the S
      phase and reduced the proportion of cells in the G1 phase. At higher
      concentrations (1 X 10(-5)-5 X 10(-5) mol/l) bromocriptine delayed cell cycle
      traverse through effects on cells in the S, G1 and G2 phases. These effects
      occurred already after 24 h of treatment. These results were supported by
      autoradiography of nuclear uptake of [3H]thymidine and by measurements of the
      number of cells arrested in metaphase after colcemide treatment (mitotic rate).
      Bromocriptine at 5 X 10(-5) mol/l altered profoundly GH3 cell structure inducing
      cell clustering and typical changes in mitochondrial and nuclear ultrastructures.
      Since Prl and GH production is a characteristic of cells in G1 phase, the
      inhibitory effect of the lowest antiproliferative concentration of bromocriptine
      (5 X 10(-6) mol/l) can only partly be explained by alterations in phase
      distribution. At the highest concentration of bromocriptine (5 X 10(-5) mol/l)
      hormone production and cell division are also inhibited due to general toxic
      effects as reflected by the ultrastructural changes.

PMID- 4072575
TI  - Regulation of vasopressin secretion in a patient with chronic hypernatraemia.
AB  - A patient with the chronic hypernatraemia syndrome is described. Using a
      sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay, the plasma arginine-vasopressin (AVP)
      level was measured under various conditions. With an unrestricted diet, the
      plasma AVP level was inappropriately low for the degree of plasma hyperosmolality
      (0.9 pmol/l and 302 mOsm/kg, respectively). After chronic water loading, plasma
      osmolality was 271 mOsm/kg, plasma AVP level 1.5 pmol/l, and the urine remained
      hypertonic with respect to the plasma. During hypertonic saline infusion, plasma
      osmolality increased from 271 to 294 mOsm/kg without a concomitant increase in
      the plasma AVP concentration. After sc injection of apomorphine and after
      haemodynamic stimulation, the plasma AVP concentration increased from 0.8 to 36
      pmol/l and from 1.2 to 6.3 pmol/l, respectively. These data demonstrate a
      selective deficiency in the osmoregulation of the AVP secretion. The observed
      neuroendocrine abnormalities may be linked to a congenital malformation of the
      brain.

PMID- 4072576
TI  - Serum free thyroxine in patients with T3-toxicosis.
AB  - The serum free thyroxine concentration was measured by direct radioimmunoassay in
      38 untreated T3-thyrotoxic patients with elevated serum total and free
      triiodothyronine, normal serum thyroxine and free thyroxine index, no TSH
      response to TRH, and with clinical evidence of hyperthyroidism. An elevation of
      circulating free thyroxine values was observed in 58% of the patients, whereas
      total serum thyroxine concentration was within the normal range. It is suggested,
      therefore, that T3-thyrotoxicosis should be reserved for patients with elevated
      serum total T3 and free T3 concentrations and normal serum total T4 and free T4
      concentrations. Serum thyroxine-binding globulin concentrations were
      significantly lower (P less than 0.025) in patients with an elevated serum free
      thyroxine (18.7 +/- 3.6 micrograms/ml: mean +/- SD) as compared with those in
      patients with a normal free thyroxine concentration (23.4 +/- 2.6 micrograms/ml).
      In addition, no daily fluctuations in total and free thyroxine concentration were
      observed in 6 patients over a 4-8 day period.

PMID- 4072577
TI  - Endocrine control of extrathyroidal peroxidases and iodide metabolism.
AB  - The role of the thyroid and adrenal glands on iodide transport and peroxidase
      catalyzed formation of iodotyrosines in extrathyroidal tissues such as stomach
      and submaxillary glands has been investigated. Thyroidectomy stimulates iodide
      concentration and iodotyrosine formation in stomach, sensitive to the
      administration of thyroxine but having no effect on the peroxidase activity. In
      contrast, although thyroidectomy stimulates the submaxillary peroxidase which is
      reversed on treatment with thyroxine, it has no effect on iodide concentration
      and organification in the submaxillary gland. Gastric peroxidase activity is
      specifically stimulated by adrenalectomy and is inhibited by glucocorticoids
      which also inhibit iodotyrosine formation in stomach.

PMID- 4072578
TI  - Plasma free and total iodothyronine levels in hypophysectomized and intact lamb
      foetuses during the last third of gestation.
AB  - The changes in plasma levels of thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (free T4),
      triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (free T3), and reverse
      triiodothyronine (rT3) were observed in intact or hypophysectomized lamb foetuses
      during the last third of gestation. Hypophysectomy was performed at two stages:
      100 and 120 days of gestation. Cord blood was collected after Caesarean section.
      In intact foetuses, T4 and free T4 levels increased significantly between day 100
      and 120 of gestation, but decreased from day 132 to birth. T3 levels, low until
      day 132, rose abruptly during the last 12 days of gestation, as did the T3/free
      T4 ratio. Free T3 levels, relatively high on day 100, decreased until day 130 to
      rise during the last days of gestation. Reverse T3 levels, high since day 100,
      increased sharply until day 132 as did the reverse T3/free T4 ratio, and then
      declined. In hypophysectomized foetuses, undetectable or very low levels of T4,
      free T4 and rT3 were observed on day 120 and 144. T3 levels, although decreased
      by pituitary destruction, remained at 39.7% (120 days) and 21.4% (144 days) of
      the values recorded in intact foetuses. Free T3 levels, normally depressed at the
      end of gestation, were not affected by hypophysectomy on day 120. When
      hypophysectomy was performed later, the levels of T4, free T4 and rT3 were
      slightly increased on day 144 as compared with those of the other
      hypophysectomized foetuses. This study confirms the changes in the plasma
      iodothyronine levels observed previously in the lamb foetus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4072579
TI  - Gel chromatography of immunoextracted plasma calcitonin in response to the
      calcium clamp in healthy males.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed for immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT) in
      human plasma. Antibodies against synthetic human calcitonin (hCT) coupled to
      bovine serum albumin (BSA) were raised in rabbits and were directed against the
      carboxy terminal part of CT. The detection limit of the assay was 8 pg/ml. In 7
      males the iCT response to a calcium-clamp was studied. Blood was collected at 0,
      30 and 60 min after the start of the calcium infusion. iCT was measured directly
      in plasma and in extracts obtained after purification of plasma iCT by means of
      immobilized CT antibodies. There was a good correlation between iCT in plasma
      samples and extracts, r = 0.993, n = 14 (P less than 0.001). Dilution curves of
      extracts and plasma were parallel with the hCT standard curves. Gel
      chromatography of the extracts on Sephadex G-50 and G-75 disclosed heterogeneity
      of iCT in normal plasma during basal conditions as well as during calcium
      stimulation. Thirty min after the start of the calcium clamp all molecular forms,
      most likely constituting monomeric and dimeric CT and larger forms, were
      increased, while after 60 min iCT seemed to constitute predominantly forms larger
      than monomeric CT. Basal levels of unextracted iCT in healthy males (n = 44, 37
      +/- 10 years) were 15 +/- 9 pg-equivalents/ml (mean +/- SD) which was higher than
      in females (n = 40, 32 +/- 9 years) 11 +/- 4 pg-equivalents/ml (P less than
      0.05).

PMID- 4072580
TI  - Assay of adenosine in human adipose tissue.
AB  - A method is described to assay the adenosine content of human adipose tissue.
      Tissue pieces of 10-20 mg were frozen within 1 sec of excision by a conchotome.
      The pieces were pooled and ground in liquid nitrogen, divided into samples
      weighing 50-100 mg each and placed in perchloric acid. Neutralized defatted
      extracts were treated by Dowex AG-1 to remove nucleotides and lyophilized. The
      adenosine content was measured by RIA using antiserum raised against laevulinic
      acid (0(2'),3'-adenosine-acetal)-albumin conjugate. The adenosine content in
      human abdominal sc adipose tissue was 0.56 +/- 0.08 nmol/g of tissue (mean +/-
      SEM). This shows that adenosine is present in human adipose tissue at
      concentrations that have been shown to have regulatory effects on cAMP
      accumulation and lipolysis.

PMID- 4072581
TI  - Semen evaluation in heroin and methadone addicts.
AB  - We studied 32 heroin and methadone addicts, divided into 4 groups according to
      the type of drugs used: 5 heroin-dependent, 10 taking methadone plus heroin more
      or less constantly, 10 taking methadone plus heroin occasionally, and 7 taking
      methadone only. 93% of the heroin addicts and 65% of those taking methadone had
      abnormal semen. The most frequent abnormality was in motility (78%).
      Teratozoospermia was the second most frequent (28%) and oligozoospermia the third
      (16%). The 7 patients taking methadone only had neither teratozoospermia nor
      oligozoospermia. This semen pathology is probably secondary to decreased
      testosterone production, with relative hypofunction of the seminal tracts and the
      accessory glands.

PMID- 4072582
TI  - The hamster test in a series of 120 infertile patients.
AB  - The value of a test based on penetration of human sperm into zona-free hamster
      ova is evaluated by the authors. Rudak's technique was used in 120 infertile
      patients. The Authors affirm that the hamster test is at present the only
      practical functional test for the evaluation of the fertilizing capacity of human
      spermatozoa and that it will probably be more widespread in the future.

PMID- 4072583
TI  - Morphologic study of mechanically induced hydrosalpinges in rabbits.
AB  - Ligation of the proximal and distal ends of the rabbit oviduct was used to induce
      hydrosalpinges, which shows a remarkable resemblance, both macroscopically and
      microscopically, to human hydrosalpinges. Isthmic and ampullary biopsies obtained
      at varying intervals were examined with light microscopy. Progressive deciliation
      and decrease of epithelial and mucosal fold height were observed in the ampulla,
      but not in the isthmus. Microstereological study shows progressive reduction of
      both the number and the relative volume of capillaries in the ampulla.
      Considering the parallelism of time and localization, it is suggested that
      epithelial deciliation is caused by vascular disorders.

PMID- 4072584
TI  - [An anatomical study on the spleen of archaic fish. 2. Brachiopterygii and
      chondrostei].

PMID- 4072585
TI  - [An anatomical study on the spleen of archaic fish. 3. Lepidostei].

PMID- 4072586
TI  - ["Fibrinogen Kawaguchi": a hereditary dysfibrinogenemia characterized by
      defective release of fibrinopeptide A associated with altered polymerization of
      fibrin monomers].

PMID- 4072587
TI  - [Clinical studies on the diagnosis of an anomalous arrangement of the
      pancreaticobiliary ductal system by endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)].

PMID- 4072588
TI  - Rectally administered morphine: plasma concentrations in children premedicated
      with morphine in hydrogel and in solution.
AB  - Seventeen healthy children undergoing eye surgery in general anaesthesia were
      given morphine rectally for premedication. Six patients (Group I) were given
      morphine 0.15 mg X kg-1 in a propylene glycol solution also containing diazepam
      and hyoscine. Eleven patients (Group II) were given morphine 0.5 mg X kg-1 in a
      starch hydrogel preparation. The plasma concentrations of morphine (Groups I and
      II) and diazepam (Group I) were studied. After the lower dosage of morphine the
      plasma concentrations never exceeded 10 ng X ml-1, whereas the mean peak plasma
      concentration was 25.3 +/- 5.5 ng X ml-1 after the higher dosage. One child in
      each of Groups I and II needed postoperative analgesics. The simultaneous plasma
      concentration of morphine was then lower than 5 ng X ml-1. Postoperative nausea
      occurred to about the same extent in both groups. It is suggested that morphine
      given rectally in a starch hydrogel may be an alternative to oral and parenteral
      routes of administration.

PMID- 4072589
TI  - Comparative maternal and neonatal effects of halothane and enflurane for cesarean
      section.
AB  - The effects of placental transfer of enflurane and halothane were studied in 81
      women undergoing cesarean sections. All patients had rapid sequence induction
      using thiopental, succinylcholine, and endotracheal intubation. They were then
      randomly assigned to one of five groups: Group I (n = 16) received N2O and
      oxygen, Group II (n = 16) N2O, oxygen, and 0.25% halothane, Group III (n = 18)
      N2O, oxygen, and 0.5% halothane, Group IV (n = 18) N2O, oxygen, and 0.5%
      enflurane, Group V (n = 13) N2O, oxygen, and 1% enflurane. At delivery, blood was
      drawn from the maternal artery, umbilical vein and artery for measurement of the
      halogenated agents using gas chromatography. The neonates were evaluated by Apgar
      scores, umbilical artery and vein acid base status and the Early Neonatal
      Neurobehavioral Scores (ENNS) at 2 and 24 h of age. Blood loss and the incidence
      of maternal awareness were also determined. The umbilical vein to maternal vein
      ratio was approximately 0.5 and 0.6 for enflurane and halothane, respectively.
      The umbilical artery to umbilical vein ratio was 0.5 with both agents; higher
      inspired anesthetic concentrations produced higher blood levels. All neonates had
      Apgar scores of 8 or more at 5 min with the exception of one neonate in the N2O
      group. Maternal and neonatal acid base status, blood loss, and ENNS were not
      affected by the addition of the halogenated agents. Of the patients who had N2O
      alone, 12% had awareness versus none in the other groups. These data demonstrate
      that low dose halothane or enflurane decreases the incidence of maternal
      awareness and does not adversely affect the neonate.

PMID- 4072590
TI  - Plasma fluoride and bromide concentrations during occupational exposure to
      enflurane or halothane.
AB  - The plasma fluoride and bromide concentrations were studied in operating theatre
      personnel. When enflurane was used, the increase in plasma fluoride concentration
      could not be distinguished from normal individual variations, but the plasma
      bromide concentration increased significantly when halothane was used. Seven
      patients were exposed to enflurane in a concentration of 200 parts per million
      for 4 h. A significant increase in the plasma concentration of fluoride was
      observed. The peak concentrations of fluoride occurred during exposure and the
      increase lasted less than 12 h. The increase in fluoride concentration was larger
      at this trace concentration than reported after anaesthetic concentrations.
      Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fluoride concentration was also studied; a smaller and
      delayed increase was found in CSF compared to plasma.

PMID- 4072591
TI  - Comparison of rectal diazepam and subcutaneous morphine-scopolamine
      administration for outpatient sedation in minor oral surgery.
AB  - In a randomized cross-over study on sedation in outpatient oral surgery,
      subcutaneous administration of morphine-scopolamine was compared with rectal
      administration of diazepam. The mean dose of morphine was 0.13 mg kg-1 (range
      0.13-0.24) and of diazepam 0.57 mg kg-1 (range 0.50-0.71). Apprehension, the
      determining factor for patients' preference for sedation method, the recovery
      from sedation and the postoperative course were studied. Both methods produced
      the desired effects. For diazepam, the effect was scored higher by the patient
      than the nurse observer and for morphine-scopolamine the opposite was found.
      Postoperative pain and patients' preference for sedation did not differ between
      the methods and the determining factor for the patients' preference for sedation
      method was the experience of stronger tranquilization. Side-effects such as
      prolonged recovery, nausea, dizziness, and dysphoria were frequent during the
      postoperative course after the morphine-scopolamine sedation but were not seen
      during diazepam sedation. Thus, rectal administration of diazepam should be
      preferred to morphine and scopolamine for sedation in minor oral surgery
      performed under local anesthesia.

PMID- 4072592
TI  - Comparison of paracetamol and aminophenazone plus diazepam suppositories for
      anxiety and pain relief after tonsillectomy in children.
AB  - The anxiety and pain-relieving effect of paracetamol 10 mg/kg or a combination of
      aminophenazone 4 mg/kg and diazepam 0.2 mg/kg suppositories was studied in 82
      children after tonsillectomy in a double-blind study. Both suppositories were
      studied after halothane or enflurane anaesthesia. At 30 min after administration
      of coded suppositories, 88-90% of the children in various groups needed extra
      analgesics, and received pethidine 0.5 mg/kg i.v. Thereafter, the anxiety and
      pain relief was satisfactory in all groups. There was no significant difference
      between the effects caused by the drugs. No bleeding occurred from the operation
      site in any of the study groups. The results suggest that both paracetamol and a
      combination of aminophenazone and diazepam in the doses used here were weak
      analgesics for throat pain after tonsillectomy in children during the early
      postoperative period.

PMID- 4072594
TI  - Increased thiopental sensitivity in cardiac patients.
AB  - The average dose of thiopental necessary for induction was 3.4 mg/kg body weight
      in seven patients on long-term therapy with digoxin and a diuretic and 4.7 mg/kg
      body weight in seven matched control patients (P less than 0.05). The initial
      volumes of distribution (V1) did not differ significantly. The amounts of
      thiopental redistributed (removed from V1) during the induction were calculated
      as V1 X k12 X ct and V1 X k13 X ct, where k12 and k13 are the rate constants
      describing the drug transfer from V1 to V2 and V3 and ct the computer-calculated
      average thiopental concentration in V1 during the initial 40 s of the induction
      period. There was no evidence of a lower amount being removed during the
      induction in the cardiac patients. The intravascular drug concentration at the
      time of sleep was expressed as the average of the arterial and the venous sleep
      concentrations. In the cardiac patients the average of that value was 20.1
      micrograms/ml and in the control patients 30.2 micrograms/ml (P less than 0.05).
      It is concluded that the lower dose requirement in the cardiac patients was
      caused at least in part by a higher cerebral sensitivity to the drug.

PMID- 4072593
TI  - Fentanyl-droperidol-nitrous oxide anaesthesia in patients with ischaemic heart
      disease and various degrees of left ventricular functional impairment.
AB  - Haemodynamic stability and left ventricular function (LVF) during induction of
      anaesthesia and sternotomy were compared in three groups of patients with
      ischaemic heart disease, angiographically classified as having good, poor and
      depressed LVF. Anaesthesia was given with fentanyl-droperidol and nitrous oxide.
      The group with good LVF showed large variations in arterial pressure and heart
      rate between stimulated and unstimulated states with a reasonable preservation of
      LVF, expressed as stroke volume, through the whole observation period. The group
      with poor LVF showed monotonously falling arterial pressure, and no heart rate
      response to tracheal intubation. These patients maintained remarkably stable
      stroke volumes in connection with low afterloads. After nitrous oxide, additional
      volume loading was required because of profound hypotension. The majority of the
      patients in the intermediate group, labelled "depressed LVF", reacted to
      intubation and sternotomy with signs of left ventricular failure in connection
      with tachycardia and increased afterloads. The individual variations between
      patients with different degrees of left ventricular impairment were considerable,
      and these haemodynamic patterns need to be confirmed with a larger material.

PMID- 4072595
TI  - A hemodynamic profile diagram and its application in septic patients.
AB  - A physiologic profile is presented in the form of a circular diagram, in which
      hemodynamic parameters, oxygen uptake and arterial lactate are displayed on 12
      radial spokes. Results are presented as per cent of reference values. In the
      normal state the profile will be evenly circular, while different circulatory
      disturbances present typical patterns. This is shown in serial measurements on 12
      septic patients, who displayed increases in cardiac output, oxygen metabolism,
      stroke volume, heart rate, pulmonary artery pressure, right atrial pressure,
      pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and arterial lactate, while pulmonary and
      systemic vascular resistances were decreased. Stepwise multiple regression
      analysis indicated that systemic vascular resistance was the best early
      discriminator between survivors and non-survivors. The hemodynamogram offers a
      compact and easily understood presentation of data, which makes it possible to
      follow the course of the disease and provides a diagnostic and didactic tool.

PMID- 4072596
TI  - Continuous epidural analgesia for vaginal delivery in Sweden. Report of a
      nationwide inquiry.
AB  - Volumetric pump infusion of bupivacaine into the epidural space for pain relief
      during labour was introduced in Sweden in 1976. Since then the method has gained
      widespread use. A questionnaire concerning the use of epidural analgesia (EDA) in
      1982 was sent to anaesthetists at all Swedish maternity clinics. During the year,
      84 188 vaginal deliveries were registered. EDA for pain relief was performed in
      11 324 of them (13.4%). At that time, EDA was available in 56 out of 66 clinics.
      In almost all clinics (52/56), bupivacaine plain 2.5 mg/ml was used for the
      blocks. Analgesia was maintained by volumetric pump infusion of bupivacaine in 28
      units, by intermittent technique in 25, and both techniques were used in three
      units. No clinic had abandoned the infusion technique once it had been
      introduced. Experience from both techniques showed the infusion technique to be
      more convenient as it produces stable analgesia, is easily conducted and can be
      supervised by midwives. No complication which could be connected with infusion
      technique was noted. Maternal hypotension was rare and the instrumental delivery
      rate was low. The technique proved to be a valuable aid to the organisation of a
      24-h service for obstetric analgesia, without requiring any increase in staff.

PMID- 4072597
TI  - Effects of hyperventilation and hypoventilation on stress-induced intestinal
      vasoconstriction.
AB  - The combined effects of defined changes in ventilation and stress-induced
      vasoconstriction were studied in the intestinal vascular bed in cats (n = 20)
      anaesthetized with fentanyl, nitrous oxide and diazepam. Intestinal reflex
      vasoconstriction was induced by stimulation either of the hypothalamic defence
      alarm area or of somatic and visceral pain afferents. The volume-controlled
      ventilation was changed by altering the tidal volume, and stimulations were
      performed during either control conditions (Paco2 4.5-5.0 kPa), hyperventilation
      (Paco2 3.0-3.5 kPa) or hypoventilation (Paco2 6.5-7.5 kPa). The increase in
      intestinal vascular resistance (IVR) elicited by defence-alarm area stimulation
      was potentiated during hyperventilation (306 +/- 83% vs 198 +/- 62%; P less than
      0.01) and attenuated during hypoventilation (176 +/- 62% vs 240 +/- 44%; P less
      than 0.05). The increase in IVR elicited by pain fibre stimulation was
      potentiated during hyperventilation (73 +/- 21% vs 54 +/- 19%; P less than 0.01),
      but not significantly changed during hypoventilation (47 +/- 19% vs 68 +/- 34%
      during control ventilation). Our data indicate that the ventilatory pattern can
      be decisive for the vasoconstrictor response during experimental stress. We
      suggest that remote neurogenic mechanisms account for the increased
      responsiveness during hyperventilation. The decreased responsiveness during
      hypoventilation, on the other hand, seems to correlate with the local vasodilator
      effects of carbon dioxide.

PMID- 4072598
TI  - Subclavian venous catheterization in children.
AB  - During a 12-month period, infraclavicular subclavian catheterization, using a
      Seldinger technique, was attempted on 77 occasions in 54 children with a median
      age of 2 years (range newborn to 10 years). General anaesthesia was used in the
      majority of cases, and catheterization was successful in 74 cases (96%). The
      initial catheter tip position was satisfactory in 81% of the cases, and catheters
      remained in situ for a median period of 7 days (range 1-28 days). There were few
      complications. Providing extensive experience in subclavian venous cannulation is
      gained in the adult, there is in our experience no minimal age or size which
      should limit the use of a subclavian vein catheter.

PMID- 4072599
TI  - Effects of adjuvants to local anaesthetics on their duration. IV. Effect of
      hyaluronic acid added to bupivacaine or prilocaine on the duration of nerve
      blockade in man.
AB  - A randomized study of the duration of ulnar nerve blockade induced with 2%
      prilocaine or 0.5% bupivacaine with and without 0.4% hyaluronic acid was
      performed in volunteers. In contrast to results in experimental animals, the
      addition of hyaluronic acid to the local anaesthetic solution did not affect the
      duration of sensory nerve block.

PMID- 4072600
TI  - Potential anti-thrombotic effects of local anaesthetics due to their inhibition
      of platelet aggregation.
AB  - The aim was to study the possible anti-aggregating effects of local anaesthetics
      on platelets stimulated by physiological doses of adenosine-diphosphate and
      collagen. Platelet-rich plasma was therefore incubated in an aggregometer with
      lidocaine, bupivacaine or tocainide in various concentrations and for different
      incubation times. It was found that of the local anaesthetics tested, lidocaine
      was the most effective anti-aggregating compound. Furthermore, the longer the
      incubation time with the different local anaesthetics, the more efficient the
      anti-aggregating effect. These results may have clinical implications, and they
      may be one of the explanations for the lower incidence of thromboembolism in
      patients operated on under lumbar epidural anaesthesia.

PMID- 4072601
TI  - Thermal balance during transurethral resection of the prostate. A comparison of
      general anaesthesia and epidural analgesia.
AB  - Heat loss during anaesthesia and surgery is a common problem. In patients with
      restricted cardio-pulmonary reserves this may endanger the postoperative outcome.
      In order to compare thermal balance we studied 25 men undergoing transurethral
      resection of the prostate (TURP), using either general anaesthesia (G.A.) or
      epidural analgesia (E.A.). Oxygen uptake, catecholamines, peripheral and central
      temperatures were followed in the per- and postoperative period. Heat production
      and total body heat were calculated from oxygen uptake and temperature
      measurements, respectively. Transurethral resection of the prostate resulted in a
      peroperative heat loss which was not influenced by the anaesthetic technique used
      and averaged 370 kJ during the first hour of surgery. G.A. reduced heat
      production while this was uninfluenced by E.A. After termination of general
      anaesthesia, oxygen uptake and plasma catecholamines increased, while no such
      changes could be detected using epidural analgesia. The ability to increase mean
      body temperature by increasing heat production was negatively correlated to age.

PMID- 4072602
TI  - Ultrastructural aspects of the primary in vitro antibody response of mononuclear
      cells in human blood.
AB  - Investigations on the morphology of cells that participate in immune responses in
      vitro have been limited because the recovery and identification of
      immunocompetent cells growing dispersely in conventional liquid cultures are
      technically difficult and allow only the observation of individual antibody
      forming cells. Here we used a system in which focal proliferation of antisheep
      erythrocyte antibody-secreting cells has been induced in semisolid cultures of
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells. By this method, intact colonies can be
      observed by light microscopy at the center of each hemolytic area and then
      processed for electron microscopy without disrupting the connections existing
      among the cells. Two types of colonies develop: type I colonies which grow deeply
      into the agar and contain cells that undergo a complete process of
      differentiation from blast to mature plasma cell, and type II colonies which grow
      more superficially and do not seem to be directly involved in antibody
      production.

PMID- 4072603
TI  - Light microscopic observations of an intraepithelial granular cell type in the
      bovine parotid gland.
AB  - Bovine parotid gland intralobular ducts were frequently found to contain an
      intraepithelial granular cell type, adjacent to the basement membrane. Granular
      cells were non-migratory and polymorphic in appearance, with strong cytoplasmic
      basophilia and acidophil metachromatic granules. Such cells were not found in the
      bovine mandibular and sublingual glands. It is proposed that the granular cell
      may be similar or identical to the globule leucocyte cell type and functionally
      associated with the parotid gland. A possible role for parotid gland granular
      cells in ruminant mucosal immunity is also discussed.

PMID- 4072604
TI  - Light and electron microscopic studies on capillaries of the goat cardiac muscle
      with special reference to the topographical relationship between the vessels and
      Purkinje fibers.
AB  - The capillaries of the cardiac muscle were investigated in the goat by means of
      light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron
      microscopy, and the following results were obtained. The capillaries of the
      working cardiac muscles were numerous, arranged mainly parallel to the long axis
      of muscle cells and formed dense elongated networks. On the contrary, those of
      the terminal Purkinje fibers were relatively few in number, oriented in various
      directions and formed loose and circularly meshed networks surrounding the
      fibers. Such findings were discussed in correlation with the physiology and
      functional morphology of various types of the cardiac muscle cells.

PMID- 4072605
TI  - Effects of pilocarpine treatment and of electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve
      on the rat parathyroid gland, with special reference to the alteration of storage
      granules.
AB  - Effects of pilocarpine treatment and of electrical vagal stimulation on the rat
      parathyroid were studied ultrastructurally. The number of type I storage granules
      with a narrow halo (NSG-I) and that of type II storage granules having a wide
      halo (NSG-II) were calculated. After pilocarpine treatment, NSG-I gradually
      decreased and reached a minimum at 30 min; in contrast, NSG-II gradually
      increased and reached a maximum at 20 min, but thereafter it slightly decreased
      and instead vacuolar bodies increased. Excluding these alterations, the
      ultrastructure of parenchymal cells showed no remarkable changes. Electrical
      vagal stimulation furthermore confirmed these results. Acid phosphatase activity
      was occasionally found in storage granules of both types in control and
      experimental rats. It was concluded that storage granules normally may be
      transformed from type I into type II and finally into vacuolar bodies as a result
      of hydrolysis, and that these processes may be accelerated by parasympathetic
      stimulation.

PMID- 4072606
TI  - Incidence, anatomy and territories supplied by the posterior gastric artery.
AB  - The posterior gastric artery, a branch of the splenic artery to the posterior
      gastric wall, was described for the first time by Walther in 1729. It was often
      recognized by many authors since, but consequently ignored by anatomical and
      surgical textbooks until its rediscovery and description by Suzuki et al. [Ann.
      Surg. 187: 134-136, 1978]. The incidence of the posterior gastric artery differs
      between 4 and nearly 100%. All authors describe posterior gastric regions being
      supplied by the posterior gastric artery, but sometimes also a branch running
      towards the superior pole of the spleen is cited. In our study of 104 corpses we
      found the posterior gastric artery with an incidence of 37.5%. In one third of
      these cases, a branch of the posterior gastric artery to the superior pole of the
      spleen was also detectable. Besides these results, the course of the posterior
      gastric artery to the corresponding organs and the importance of this vessel for
      the abdominal surgeon are discussed.

PMID- 4072607
TI  - Quantitative studies of the cat carotid body. III. The type I cells.
AB  - The work reported here examines the quantitative ultrastructure of cat carotid
      body type I cells, and the effects of hypoxia on the cells. On the basis of size
      and density of electron-dense cored vesicle (EDCV) we were unable to identify
      more than one major population of type I cells. Prior ventilation of the animals
      with 10% O2 resulted in an increase in the volume percentage (Vv%) of
      mitochondria and a decrease in the Vv% of EDCV as compared to the values after
      ventilation with 100% O2. The lack of effect of prior denervation of the carotid
      body on the hypoxic changes suggests that the effects are not mediated via an
      efferent pathway.

PMID- 4072608
TI  - Postnatal development of the anulospiral endings of Ia fibers in muscle spindles
      of mice.
AB  - The formation of the anulospiral ending of Ia fibers in muscle spindles was
      investigated in the masseter muscle of developing mice. Before 15 days after
      birth, the complete anulospiral ending was not observed in almost all of the
      muscle spindles examined. With the growth of mice, the Ia fiber began to
      construct the spiral ending, and by the 40th postnatal day after weaning, almost
      all of the Ia fibers of the muscle spindles had complete coiled endings, though
      the formation still continued in some spindles. The continuous formation of
      anulospiral endings for a long period after weaning indicates that muscle spindle
      morphogenesis may be affected by muscle tension in the masseter muscle due to the
      movement activated after weaning.

PMID- 4072609
TI  - Radioautographic study of glycoprotein synthesis and migration in the major
      sublingual gland of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus).
AB  - Intracellular glycoprotein synthesis and migration in the major sublingual gland
      of the Mongolian gerbil were studied with light-microscopic radioautography,
      using L-4, 5-[3H]-leucine, D-1-[3H]-glucose and N-[3H]-acetyl-D-mannosamine as
      precursors. The time elapsed from the beginning of the synthesis of the secretion
      products to their release was longer in the mucous acinar cells than in any other
      exocrine cell investigated until now. A slow addition of the terminal sugars
      (especially sialic acid) to the glycoprotein molecule and a prolonged storage of
      the glycoproteins in the apical granules were assumed to be the reasons for this
      delay in schedule. The secretion in the serous demilune cells was much faster
      than in the mucous acinar cells. The lack of uptake of labelled mannosamine
      showed that the demilunes are likely to produce substances different from those
      of the mucous acinar cells, presumably a protein-rich material with a high
      turnover.

PMID- 4072610
TI  - Multivacuolated cells in human cartilage canals.
AB  - Light and electron microscopic examination of cartilage canals in 39 infants
      (from fetuses to 2 years of age) revealed the presence of multivacuolated cells
      in the connective tissue of the canals. These cells showed an irregular and
      electron-dense nucleus and cytoplasm; the latter was almost filled by large,
      irregular, membrane-bound vacuoles without or with hardly apparent content.
      Histochemistry revealed a weakly positive stain with periodic-acid-Schiff, oil
      red-o and muramidase techniques in these cells which seem to be degenerated
      macrophages.

PMID- 4072611
TI  - Sutural morphogenesis in the mouse calvaria: the role of apoptosis.
AB  - Sutural morphogenesis was studied in calvariae of fetal and newborn 16- to 26-day
      postconception C57B1/6J mice. The squamoid pattern characteristic of most
      calvarial sutures appeared to be established during the phase of approach of the
      adjacent bone territories as they assumed different ecto/ifendocranial planes
      within the desmocranium. When this stratification failed, apoptosis, a form of
      cell death, was seen to occur upon physical contact of the leading osteogenic
      cells of each heterotopic bone territory. Apoptosis appeared as part of a
      secondary morphogenetic mechanism preventing physical contact and resultant
      fusion of adjacent mineralized zones, as well as enhancing appearance of the
      usual pattern of overlap of calvarial sutures.

PMID- 4072612
TI  - Changing patterns of cerium reactivity in developing ovarian oocytes of the
      hamster.
AB  - In developing ovarian oocytes of 2-day-old, 12-day-old and adult hamsters,
      oxidative enzyme activity as demonstrated by the cerium technique is strongest at
      12 days and occurs principally in those oocytes which have begun rapid growth.
      The reaction is associated with the outer mitochondrial membrane, nearby
      cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope. Once antrum formation has
      begun and the mitochondria have reached the dormant (storage) stage, cerium
      reactivity ceases. In adults, reaction occurs at the same stages of oocyte
      development but is weaker and limited to the mitochondria and their immediate
      vicinity.

PMID- 4072613
TI  - [The vascularization of the menisci. Morphological basis for the repair].
AB  - Degeneration of the knee joint and increase of anterior-posterior tibial
      displacement are resulting from total meniscectomy, especially in knees with
      anterior cruciate deficiency. Vascularisation of the meniscus was studied in 12
      cadaver knees after latex injection of vessels. Vascularisation of the anterior
      and posterior horns was found to be much better than that of the body of
      meniscus. All vessels originated from the popliteal artery, but variably in
      importance, and formed the perimeniscal and subsynovial network. 11 peripheral
      meniscus tears (8 freshly injured, 3 ruptures older than 2 months) were repaired
      by refixation, followed by immobilisation for 6 weeks. Arthroscopy 3 months
      postoperatively showed complete healing of all tears. Clinical examinations-
      follow-up for 14 months--showed no signs of rerupture in any of the patients.

PMID- 4072614
TI  - Electrophysiological study in patients with chronic hepatic insufficiency.
AB  - Twenty patients affected by chronic hepatic insufficiency were studied by means
      of combined EEG, VEP and BAEP recordings. Subjects were classified, according to
      Parsons-Smith criteria, in grade 0 (without any clinical sign) and grade I (with
      minimal mental disturbances). In group 0 patients an elevated incidence of VEP
      alterations (40%) was observed, while EEG and BAEP recordings were less
      frequently (10%) abnormal. In group I patients a high degree of EEG (60%), VEP
      (70%) and BAEP (70%) abnormalities was found. Mean latency and interpeak interval
      values in group I patients were significantly prolonged if compared with the
      grade 0 and control groups. No correlations were found between
      electrophysiological data and blood biochemical parameters examined (ammoniemia,
      aminoacidemic pattern).

PMID- 4072615
TI  - A technique to examine phasic thermoregulation during human sleep.
AB  - A technique for inducing cyclic skin temperature changes during sleep is
      described. Stimulation of the facial area induces relatively localized skin
      temperature responses in the fingers. This centrally mediated response can be
      used to efficiently probe thermal regulation during sleep. Sleep and skin
      temperature results from three volunteers support the validity and feasibility of
      the technique.

PMID- 4072616
TI  - [Technics and indications for surgical treatment in surgical neurologic
      complications of rheumatoid polyarthritis].
AB  - A critical study of 11 cases of rheumatoid arthritis with neurological
      complications due to involvement of the cervical region of the spinal column
      induces the authors to reconsider their therapeutic strategy. After reviewing the
      various neurological complications and mechanisms involved, they propose wider
      use of surgical treatment within limits defined on the basis of neurological and
      radiological criteria and the risks of the respective methods.

PMID- 4072617
TI  - [Blink reflex and stimulus detection by the facial nerve in 21 diabetics. Testing
      before and after precise blood sugar normalization by the artificial pancreas].
AB  - Study of the blink reflex and stimulodetection of the facial nerve in 21
      diabetics with chronic hyperglycemia (HbA1C: 12.17 +/- 2.34%) shows normal or
      slightly prolonged R1, R2 and M latent periods in most cases. Forty-eight hour
      metabolic correction by artificial pancreas produces an overall improvement in
      the latent periods of the blink reflex, while the motor latent period of the
      facial nerve remained unchanged. The improvement, also observed in studies of
      limb responses, points towards a metabolic process directly related to the
      hyperglycemia.

PMID- 4072618
TI  - [Clinical and polygraphic study of 2 cases of "nocturnal myoclonus" sensitive to
      clonazepam].
AB  - Polygraphic sleep recordings were performed in two patients with nocturnal
      myoclonus. The beneficial effect of Clonazepam has been confirmed in the two
      cases.

PMID- 4072619
TI  - Intracerebral neuroblastoma. Report of a case with neuronal maturation and long
      survival.
AB  - A case of primary intracerebral neuroblastoma with long survival is reported. The
      initial biopsy at the age of 3 years showed a primitive, poorly differentiated
      tumour. Nine years later, the recurrent tumour examined by light and electron
      microscopy had the appearances of a cerebral neuroblastoma with many mature
      neurons and occasional abnormal astrocytic elements.

PMID- 4072620
TI  - Nitrogen inhalation in the human.
AB  - The neuropathologic findings in the brain of a National Aeronautics and Space
      Administration (NASA) engineer, who died subsequent to nitrogen inhalation, are
      reported. Findings which are unusual in other forms of anoxia included relative
      preservation of neurons in the Sommer sector of the hippocampus and a pattern of
      damage similar to that of "hypotensive brain stem necrosis" in the cranial nerve
      nuclei. Some lesions conformed exactly to gray matter structures, whereas others
      disclosed no respect for anatomic boundaries. Both selective necrosis and
      relative preservation of neurons were evident in different regions of the brain.
      Distinct differences between lesions in various areas of the CNS suggest the
      importance of multiple and complex pathogenetic mechanisms in anoxia caused by
      exposure to nitrogen.

PMID- 4072621
TI  - A Golgi study of the human Purkinje cell soma and dendrites.
AB  - The Purkinje cells in apparently normal human cerebellum were investigated with
      the Golgi-Cox method. Most Purkinje cells have the long axis of the soma directed
      vertically to the pial surface. Even the small number of disoriented somata have
      the dendritic system adjusted to a normal vertical pattern by a bend in the
      primary or secondary dendrites. The primary dendrites of a single Purkinje cell
      ranged from one to four, the majority being one or two. There were occasional
      expansions of the dendrites.

PMID- 4072622
TI  - A case of quadrigeminal hamartoma.
AB  - A 35-day-old hydrocephalic infant was found by autopsy to have a small nodular
      mass protruding into the aqueductal channel. The mass, approximately 2.5 mm in
      size along the neuroaxis and 1.9 mm in transverse plane, subependymally occupied
      the roof of the aqueduct. This was thought to be the cause of hydrocephalus in
      this infant. A review of literature on the subject has not shown any other
      comparable case.

PMID- 4072623
TI  - Blood-brain barrier impairment by low pH buffer perfusion via the internal
      carotid artery in rat.
AB  - Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (KRB) adjusted by lactic acid to low pH levels
      (6.6, 6.2, 6.0, 5.8, 5.5) was perfused via the internal carotid artery as a bolus
      into rat brain hemispheres. In one group of animals, the fluid phase tracer
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was perfused immediately following the low pH
      treatment. In the other group of animals, the brain hemispheres were fixed and
      the endothelial cells were stained with colloidal iron (CI) at pH 1.8. Widespread
      extravasation of HRP was detected indicating blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening to
      this tracer in hemispheres perfused with KRB at pH 6.2, 6.0, 5.8, or 5.5. HRP was
      seen in pools of endothelial tight junctions. Endothelial cell injury reflected
      by swelling and influx of HRP into the cytoplasm was occasionally encountered. CI
      evenly decorated the negatively charged surface of endothelial cells in the
      control brains, in contrast to markedly diminished iron binding capacity of
      endothelial cells in low pH-treated hemispheres. Our results suggest that the
      ionic milieu influences the negatively charged cell surface sialoglycoproteins
      and glycolipids, which are integral parts of the BBB system.

PMID- 4072624
TI  - Mitochondrial myopathy--a result of clofibrate/etofibrate treatment? Case report.
AB  - A 66-year-old man had developed a myopathy while undergoing several periods of
      etofibrate and clofibrate therapy over the past 5 years. Discontinuation of
      etofibrate treatment failed to reverse his muscle illness which, however, did not
      progress. A muscle biopsy revealed a chronic myopathy marked by abundant,
      abnormally structured muscle mitochondria. His mitochondrial myopathy may
      represent a forme fruste of the Kearns-Sayre syndrome or other types of
      mitochondrial myopathy, clinically made evident by the etofibrate/clofibrate
      therapy, or a permanent, adverse side effect of clofibrate treatment. If the
      latter assumption proves to be correct, it will indicate that clofibrate therapy
      may induce an acutely painful but reversible neuromuscular illness, or also,
      though rarely, a chronic mitochondrial myopathy.

PMID- 4072625
TI  - Glial proliferation in the irradiated rat spinal cord.
AB  - The identity of mitotic cells in the ventral half of the irradiated spinal cord
      in 13-day-old rats was studied by light and electron microscopy. At this post
      irradiation interval, astrocytes as well as oligodendrocytes are markedly reduced
      in both gray and white matter, and few myelin sheaths are present. Earlier
      studies showed incorporation of 3H-thymidine into cells identified light
      microscopically as neuroglia. In the present study, a number of mitotic cells
      were identified in thick plastic sections. When adjacent thin sections were
      examined by electron microscopy, these mitotic cells were identified
      ultrastructurally as astroglia on the basis of the bundles of filaments in their
      cytoplasm and the irregular outline of the cell body and its processes. It is
      apparent from this study that astroglia proliferate prior to the delayed
      myelination that occurs later in the glial cell deprived ventral irradiated cord.

PMID- 4072626
TI  - Central contrast sensitivity tests in the detection of early glaucoma.
AB  - The value of contrast sensitivity testing in glaucoma is still unsettled. To
      determine their value in screening for glaucoma 2 methods were applied to
      glaucoma patients (12 simplex, 9 pseudo-exfoliative). The techniques included an
      oscilloscope method generating centrally presented gratings and the Arden grating
      test. Results obtained were compared to those of age-matched normals (n = 11, one
      eye randomly selected). Unacceptable false negative rates were found for both
      methods, as well as a high false positive rate (2/11 normals) with the Arden
      grating test, confirming findings in earlier studies. No correlation could be
      demonstrated between contrast sensitivity deficits and visual field disturbance,
      glaucoma type or duration. It was concluded that central contrast sensitivity for
      static gratings is unable to reliably indicate the presence or absence of early
      glaucoma.

PMID- 4072627
TI  - Central and peripheral contrast sensitivity for static and dynamic sinusoidal
      gratings in glaucoma.
AB  - Contrast sensitivity testing in glaucoma patients was extended from central,
      static patterns to include peripheral areas and dynamic gratings. The results
      were compared with age-matched normals in visuograms, and sensitivity defects
      were correlated to the location of visual field defects. Tested spatial
      frequencies included 0.3, 0.5 1, 2 and 4 c/d. Definite sensitivity losses for all
      spatial frequencies were found for dynamic patterns in testing positions located
      10 degrees eccentrically above and below fixation. For static patterns in the
      periphery sensitivity was reduced only for medium spatial frequencies. For
      central viewing, reduced sensitivity was found with dynamic medium spatial
      frequencies only. No centrally presented static gratings were of subnormal
      sensitivity. Dynamic patterns in the periphery were superior to other
      combinations regarding the capacity for indicating the presence of glaucomatous
      influence. Peripheral sensitivity losses also occurred when perimetric
      disturbances were located outside the area tested in the same hemi-field.
      Depressed sensitivity was observed even in hemifields with normal/near-normal
      perimetric fields. These findings might be indicative of an early glaucomatous
      impairment. It thus seems that testing peripheral dynamic contrast sensitivity
      might be a potentially valuable method for glaucoma screening.

PMID- 4072628
TI  - The anatomy of the rabbit aqueous outflow pathway.
AB  - The morphology of the filtration angle and pathway of aqueous outflow was studied
      in 10 pigmented rabbits using light and electron microscopic techniques. The
      following conclusions were arrived at: Numerous pectinate ligaments were found to
      cross the rabbit filtration angle. However, large spaces between these ligaments
      allows aqueous access to the peripheral portion of the angle and then to the
      trabeculum. The drainage of aqueous filtered through the meshwork is served by a
      plexus of 1 to 4 channels, which contain giant vacuoles along their internal and
      external walls. A single layer of endothelial cells was found covering all
      meridians of the entire trabeculum from the termination of the cornea to the
      filtration angle recess. This layer, here termed the trabecular endothelial
      layer, is a continuation of the corneal endothelium, and it is accompanied by the
      posterior limiting lamina (Descemet's membrane) for its full length. The aqueous
      passes through the trabecular endothelial layer by an intracellular route that
      possibly requires energy. The presence of the trabecular endothelial layer in the
      rabbit may explain the variation that is known to exist between human and rabbit
      in responses to pharmaceutical agents. The physiology of the rabbit trabecular
      endothelial layer needs to be investigated to determine the suitability of this
      species as an animal model for the human glaucomatous conditions caused by the
      presence of such a layer.

PMID- 4072629
TI  - Concentration-dependent precorneal loss of pilocarpine in rabbit eyes.
AB  - Precorneal loss of pilocarpine was studied in pigmented and albino rabbits. We
      instilled 25 microliter of isotonic pilocarpine solution, pH 6.4, into rabbit
      eyes and monitored drug concentration in the precorneal tear film. Increased
      concentration (0.2% - 2.0%) of pilocarpine accelerated precorneal drug loss from
      the tear film from 0.686 min-1 to 1.064 min-1. This increase was mainly due to
      induced lacrimation. Polyvinyl alcohol (1.4%) retarded precorneal loss of
      pilocarpine. The rate of loss was the same in pigmented and albino rabbits. The
      effects of the changed precorneal loss of pilocarpine on corneal drug absorption
      are discussed.

PMID- 4072630
TI  - Gonioscopy after implantation of the semiflexible McGhan/3 M, style 70, anterior
      chamber lens. A prospective study.
AB  - Gonioscopy was performed in 64 patients 3-8 (mean 4) months after intracapsular
      cataract extraction with implantation of the semiflexible McGhan/3 M, style 70,
      anterior chamber lens. Iris tucking was present in 19 (30%) eyes. Iris-haptic
      adhesions (strands of iris-like tissue encircling the lens feet) were present in
      24 (38%) eyes. Absence of iris tucking was statistically significantly (P less
      than or equal to 0.05) related to surgical expertise, while the occurrence of
      iris-haptic adhesions was independent of surgical experience. Pupillar
      deformation, usually an elongation in the axis of the implant, was present in
      50%. The absence or presence of an abnormal gonioscopy could not with certainty
      be deduced from the form of the pupil. The majority of gonioscopically visible
      pathological changes in the chamber angle were located posterior to the
      trabecular meshwork.

PMID- 4072631
TI  - Proliferative diabetic retinopathy: at risk patients identified by early
      detection of microalbuminuria.
AB  - The aim of the study was to clarify if these diabetics, with the greatest risk
      for development of proliferative retinopathy, could be identified by early
      measurement of urinary albumin excretion (UAE), using sensitive methods. In
      addition, the possible role of blood pressure was assessed. All male diabetics
      originally examined in 1969-1976 were re-examined by measuring UAE and blood
      pressure together with an ordinary ophthalmoscopic examination. Patients
      fulfilling the following criteria were incorporated in the study: age at
      diagnosis of diabetes less than 20 years; initial duration of diabetes 7-20
      years; follow-up period greater than 7 years, and no clinical proteinuria. 44
      patients were identified, all but one accepted re-examination. 29 patients
      initially had UAE less than 15 micrograms/min, one of these developed
      proliferative retinopathy. 14 patients initially had UAE greater than or equal to
      15 micrograms/min, 9 of these developed proliferative retinopathy. Blood pressure
      was elevated both initially and at follow-up in diabetics showing progression to
      proliferative retinopathy. It is concluded that even a slightly elevated UAE
      'micro-albuminuria', is a strong predictor with respect to development of
      proliferative retinopathy.

PMID- 4072632
TI  - Prevalence of retinopathy in diabetes treated with oral antihyperglycaemic
      agents.
AB  - In a random sample of all diabetics treated with oral antihyperglycaemic agents
      on the island of Gotland, Sweden, retinopathy (Rp) was present in 24 (17%) of 140
      patients examined. Eighteen patients had background Rp. 7 of these with exudative
      lesions. Four patients had pre-proliferative and 2 proliferative Rp. On multiple
      logistic regression analysis a significant correlation was found between Rp on
      the one hand and a longer duration and a younger age at onset of the diabetes, on
      the other. Rp was also significantly correlated to higher levels of glycosylated
      haemoglobin (HbA 1C). In an additional analysis restricted to the group with Rp,
      higher levels of HbA 1C were found in persons with Rp of a more severe degree. On
      a simple logistic regression analysis, a significant correlation (P less than
      0.05) was found between a high body mass index and a low prevalence of Rp. on
      multiple regression analysis this correlation became weaker (P = 0.06).

PMID- 4072633
TI  - Bilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
AB  - During a 4-year period, 1978-1981, 34 patients with bilateral rhegmatogenous
      retinal detachment were operated on at the University Eye Hospital in Helsinki.
      The incidence of bilaterality in the entire detachment population was 10%, in the
      aphakic group it was 16%. In 24 cases (71%) the interval from the first to the
      second eye detachment was less than 5 years, 6 patients (18%) had bilateral
      detachment simultaneously. The mean age of the patients when the first eye was
      affected (46 years, range 6-73) was significantly younger than the mean age of
      those with unilateral detachment (58 years, range 6-83) (P less than 0.001).
      Previous eye diseases were significantly (P less than 0.01) more common in
      patients with bilateral than in those with unilateral detachment, but the
      incidences of myopia, aphakia and lattice degeneration of the retina did not
      differ significantly between these groups. At least one of these predisposing
      factors was found in 85% and two or more of them in 53% of bilateral detachments.
      The retina was re-attached in 80% of the 44 eyes operated on during the study
      period. Of the 24 eyes operated on earlier, 71% were blind (visual acuity CF 1 m
      or worse). The latest visual acuities in both eyes or in the better eye for all
      patients were: greater than or equal to 0.5 in 38%, 0.4-0.2 in 35%, 0.1-CF2 m in
      12%, and less than or equal to CF1 m in 15%.

PMID- 4072634
TI  - The fellow eye in patients with unilateral retinal detachment: findings and
      prophylactic treatment.
AB  - During a 4-year period, 1978-1981, 312 patients were operated on for unilateral
      rhegmatogenous detachment of the retina. Of the fellow eyes, 11% showed moderate
      (VA 0.15-0.4) and 5% severe (VA less than or equal to 0.1) visual impairment. Of
      the fellow eyes 49% were myopic (- 1.0 D. or more), and aphakia was present in
      14%. Details of the peripheral fundus were adequately recordable for 260 fellow
      eyes. Degenerations considered to predispose to retinal detachment were found in
      98 eyes (38%): lattice degeneration in 54 (21%), granular tuft in 17 (7%),
      retinal tear(s) in 12 (5%), and retinoschisis in 15 (6%). Prophylactic treatment
      of predisposing degenerations was performed in 91 of the 98 eyes using cryo- or
      photocoagulation (argon laser). No intra- or permanent post-operative
      complications were noticed. One of the treated fellow eyes (1.1%) detached 10
      months after prophylactic treatment due to new tears. In the untreated group, 6
      of the 221 eyes detached (2.7%). The difference was not statistically
      significant, but the groups were not comparable because 93% of the eyes showing
      predisposing degenerations were treated. None of the eyes treated for retinal
      breaks or lattice degeneration has detached. In these cases prophylactic
      treatment of the fellow eye is recommended. In most eyes cryocoagulation seems to
      be preferable to photocoagulation.

PMID- 4072635
TI  - Vitrectomy in double perforating eye injuries.
AB  - The results of 41 consecutive cases of double perforating eye injuries, operated
      with vitrectomy between December 1975 and December 1982, are reported. Fourteen
      eyes (34%) obtained a visual acuity of 5/10 or better, and 23 eyes (56%) obtained
      5/200 or better. Twenty-eight (68%) developed retinal detachment, and 12 of these
      were attached by surgery. In this series the pre-operative visual function and
      the type of injury had a significant effect on the final result. No beneficial
      effect from early (within 14 days) vitrectomy could be shown.

PMID- 4072636
TI  - Experimental scar membranes in the rabbit's vitreous. An autoradiographic and
      quantitative morphological study.
AB  - A morphological and autoradiographic assessment was made of scar tissue
      development in an experimental rabbit model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy
      which involves the intravitreal injection of cultured autologous skin
      fibroblasts. Within a few hours after injection as many as 40% of the cultured
      cells had autolysed. However, the remaining cells proliferated and formed
      membranes. The incorporation of [3H] thymidine was maximal at 1 week. Between 2
      and 4 weeks spindle-shaped myofibroblasts were prominent, and this form of
      fibroblast has been considered to have an important role in scar tissue
      contraction. At the end of 4 weeks it was noted that all eyes had developed
      retinal detachments. Subsequently the membranes became progressively more fibrous
      and lipid-like material accumulated in the cytoplasm of many cells. The findings
      were discussed in relation to the use of this model to test the effectiveness of
      various drugs which may be of value in the treatment of proliferative
      vitreoretinopathy.

PMID- 4072637
TI  - Some problems involved in employing the ERG c-wave in pharmacological
      experiments: conditioning in pigmented rabbits.
AB  - The large inter- and intra-individual variations in ERG c-waves have prevented
      the application of the component in pharmacological experiments on the retinal
      pigment epithelial function. We examined some of the problems involved in
      employing the c-wave in pharmacological experiments using rabbit retinas. 1)
      Under our experimental conditions, the c-wave amplitudes in some rabbits reached
      equilibrium under intermittent stimuli, while in others they increased with time
      and did not reach a constant level in 3 h. 2) The c-wave amplitudes of the right
      and left eyes were similar, indicating that the contralateral eye can be used as
      a control during local administration of drugs. 3) The c-wave amplitude under 50
      lux light had smaller inter-individual variations than that in the dark. This may
      be a useful indicator of the retinal pigment epithelium function when drugs are
      administered systemically.

PMID- 4072638
TI  - Studies on developmental alterations in the electroretinogram in rats after post
      natal exposure to lead.
AB  - The effects of post-natal exposure to lead on the development of the
      electroretinogram in rats were studied. Newborn rats were fed with lead acetate
      by gastric intubation and weight and age-matched control rats were given sodium
      acetate in a similar way. At 15 and 26 days of age the lead concentrations in
      blood were on average 298 micrograms/100 ml and 80 micrograms/100 ml,
      respectively. The brain concentrations of lead were on average 248 micrograms/100
      mg in the 15-day-old lead-fed animals and 244 micrograms/100 mg in the 26-day-old
      ones. Lead produced a transient depression of the post-natal development of the
      electroretinogram. A decrease in the amplitudes of the a- and b-waves, as well as
      an increase in the peak times of these potentials were found in the 15-day-old
      animals. The ERGs of the 26-day-old animals did not differ from controls. There
      were no morphological changes of the retina.

PMID- 4072639
TI  - Visual illusion mimicking dyslexia. A case history.
AB  - A 14-year-old girl with reading difficulties was found to have an unusual
      illusory movement of objects in the central visual field. The movement could be
      blocked by using a 26 mm Visolette magnifier with an arrow pasted on its lower
      surface to function as a reference point. After having read with help of this
      arrangement for 19 months the girl suddenly could see normally and has now been
      able to read without difficulties for over 3 years. We report the first
      documented case of visual illusion as the cause of reading difficulty which
      disappeared at the age of 15 years, thus years after the maturation of visual
      functions is thought to be completed. Although visual illusion like the one
      presented here must be rare, it should be diagnosed, because the treatment is
      totally different from that of usual dyslexia.

PMID- 4072640
TI  - Xanthopsia treated with thiamine.
AB  - A patient with a history of extensive alcohol abuse developed xanthopsia, ataxia,
      and mental changes. Thiamine was given in the dosage of 200 mg daily, and the
      xanthopsia disappeared rapidly followed by normalization of the other symptoms.
      Xanthopsia might be due to a thiamine deficiency.

PMID- 4072641
TI  - Horopter deviations and distortions.
AB  - Previously gathered data from 3 subjects, judged to show usually very steady
      binocular fixation, were selected for retrospective analysis. This consisted of
      determining the means and standard error of the means of as many control runs as
      were available. The role of the fluctuation of vergence eye movement responses in
      producing the results is discussed. It is concluded that the longitudinal
      horopter most likely always conforms to the locus of a circle constructed through
      the two entrance pupils and the point of fixation.

PMID- 4072642
TI  - Changes in the rabbit corneal stroma caused by UV-radiation.
AB  - Three days after UV-irradiation of the rabbit cornea, there was epithelial loss
      and stromal oedema, which was most prominent in the anterior 1/4. Many of the
      keratocytes in this region were killed. The inner 3/4 of the stroma showed a
      large number of round or oval cells with nuclear fragmentation and abnormal
      inclusions. These cells were taken to be seriously, though reversibly harmed
      keratocytes. The tissue structure was normalized within one week, and the UV
      induced changes seem to refer to the 290-350 nm interval.

PMID- 4072643
TI  - Osteotomy for kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - Twenty-two patients suffering from progressive kyphosis due to ankylosing
      spondylitis underwent one or more lumbar osteotomies during 1957-1983. The
      primary thoracic kyphosis was 80 degrees (45 degrees-155 degrees). The mean
      correction obtained by one level osteotomy was 44 degrees (30 degrees-60
      degrees). The mean loss of correction after 3 years was 5 degrees. The use of
      internal fixation reduced the loss of correction from 9 degrees to 1 degree, also
      allowing ambulatory after-care and a shorter period of immobilization in plaster
      or jackets. We had no fatal and relatively few non-fatal complications; three
      cases of retrograde ejaculation were observed however. All the patients reported
      subjective respiratory improvement.

PMID- 4072644
TI  - Posterior atlanto-axial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Among 130 patients operated for rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine, four
      patients had the rare condition of posterior subluxation of the atlas. After
      fusion they were relieved of pain and their neurologic dysfunction improved.

PMID- 4072645
TI  - Hip fracture and accident disposition.
AB  - The accident disposition as reflected by previous trauma episodes was studied in
      242 consecutive hip fracture patients. Trauma episodes had been almost twice as
      common in hip fracture patients as in a control group. Also, previous fractures
      were more common.

PMID- 4072646
TI  - Rehabilitation after femoral neck fracture. 3053 patients followed for 6 years.
AB  - The rehabilitation of 3053 consecutive patients with femoral neck fractures from
      Stockholm County was followed up for 6 years. Of the patients 79 per cent were
      admitted from home. The majority of these patients returned home within 6 months,
      but patients from the city did so more slowly than patients from rural areas, and
      with increased secondary rehabilitation measures. Patients treated in general
      surgical units stayed longer and utilized more secondary rehabilitation resources
      than those treated in orthopaedic units. At 1 year most differences were
      equalized.

PMID- 4072647
TI  - Femoral head vitality after peroperative impaction of hip fractures.
AB  - In 94 patients with femoral neck fracture the vitality of the femoral head was
      determined pre- and postoperatively with 99mTc-MDP-scintimetry. In half of the
      fractures a Thornton nail was used, in the other half three Scand hip pins.
      Irrespective of the displacement, no difference was noted in the two groups. In
      half of the operations in each group the fracture was impacted by hammer at the
      end of the operation. In displaced fractures, impaction caused a decrease in
      femoral head vitality.

PMID- 4072648
TI  - Mechanical loosening after hip replacement. Incidence after 10 years in 125
      patients.
AB  - From our first 186 Charnley hip replacements 125, retained for more than 10
      years, were examined clinically and radiographically. There were radiographic
      signs of definite or probable loosening of one or both prosthetic components in
      29 per cent of the hips. However, there was a poor correlation between the
      clinical and the radiographic results, as 86 per cent of the hips were free from
      significant pain. The loosening rate for males under 60 years of age at the time
      of the operation was four times higher than for females in the same age group. We
      suggest that this high-risk group should be followed radiographically, so that a
      revision, if necessary, can be considered while the bone stock is still
      sufficient.

PMID- 4072649
TI  - Antibiotic prophylaxis in lower limb amputation.
AB  - We have prospectively studied the effect of 1-day prophylactic antibiotic therapy
      in lower-limb amputation for ischaemia. Twenty-seven patients were treated with
      Meticillin 1 g X 4 intravenously on the day of operation; 23 control patients did
      not receive any antibiotics. Eight patients in the control group had
      postoperative wound infections compared to none in the Meticillin group. Seven
      patients were re-amputated because of infection. Preoperatively, Staphylococcus
      aureus was isolated in 5/8 of the patients in the Meticillin and 6/8 in the
      control group. In the postoperatively infected stumps, S. aureus occurred in 6/8
      of the patients in the control group, and one patient developed gas gangrene.

PMID- 4072650
TI  - Prosthesis position in shoulder arthroplasty. A cadaver study of the humeral
      component.
AB  - In six cadaver shoulder joints, the external rotation was measured applying a
      constant external torque to the humerus before and after insertion of a non
      constrained shoulder joint prosthesis at different degrees of retroversion. At 35
      45 degrees of retroversion there was no difference between the external rotation
      of the inserted prosthesis and the external rotation of the joint before
      arthroplasty.

PMID- 4072651
TI  - Scapulectomy for malignant tumor. Function and shoulder strength in five
      patients.
AB  - Function and muscular strength were studied in five patients who had undergone
      either total or subtotal scapulectomy for malignant tumor. We found a striking
      difference in the functional impairment between the two patients with total and
      the three patients with subtotal scapulectomy. The latter three patients were
      able to handle light objects with their hands over their heads, and reached or
      nearly reached the horizontal plane in flexion and abduction of the shoulder. The
      two patients with total scapulectomy had a flexion and abduction range between 40
      and 50 degrees. The mean isometric muscle strength in flexion relative to the non
      operated side was 17 and 37 per cent for patients with total and subtotal
      scapulectomy, respectively, and the abduction strength 14 and 44 per cent,
      respectively. After scapulectomy, a reasonably good function can be expected,
      especially if it is possible to preserve the glenoid fossa and/or the acromion.

PMID- 4072653
TI  - Proceedings of the Swedish Orthopaedic Society. Orebro, September 5-7, 1984.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 4072652
TI  - Function after arthrodesis of the knee.
AB  - A long-term follow-up of 30 patients with knee arthrodesis, mostly for arthrosis,
      revealed that 24 were satisfied with the operation, while six were not satisfied,
      two because of persistent pain. Twenty-three patients were at work at the time of
      operation, 18 were able to go back to work, while three were allowed disability
      pensions and two old age pensions. Many patients had problems in attending public
      performances and in using buses and trains. We conclude that two-thirds of the
      patients are totally relieved of pain after knee arthrodesis. Most patients
      accept the stiff joint, some have problems in social life, and a few have to give
      up working.

PMID- 4072654
TI  - Proceedings of the Netherlands Orthopaedic Society. October 6, 1984. Abstracts.

PMID- 4072655
TI  - Computed tomography in spondylitis. CT versus other radiographic methods.
AB  - Eighteen patients with spondylitis underwent 21 examinations by computed
      tomography (CT). Bone destruction was found in all, paravertebral inflammatory
      mass in 18, and epidural extension in 12 examinations. Conventional techniques
      revealed a paravertebral mass in only two cases. Plain radiographs showed
      destruction in fewer vertebrae in nine cases, in one of which the plain
      radiographs were definitely negative. Simultaneous conventional tomography gave
      sufficient clinical information of bone changes but was not better than plain
      radiographs in the evaluation of soft tissue structures. Abscesses could only be
      demonstrated by CT. The operative findings were in agreement with CT scans in
      almost all cases operated. CT was valuable when planning the surgical approach.

PMID- 4072656
TI  - Direct repair of lumbar spondylolysis.
AB  - Direct repair of the defect in spondylolysis has been performed on 12 patients
      with a mean age of 29 years. With an average follow-up period of 3 years, 8
      patients had a good result, 2 patients improved only slightly and 2 patients
      remained unchanged.

PMID- 4072657
TI  - Bone density in women with spinal and hip fractures.
AB  - Bone density in the lumbar spine and distal radius of 98 postmenopausal women was
      measured by quantitative computed tomography and in the distal radius by gamma
      ray attenuation. Nineteen had spinal fragility fractures, 30 had recent hip
      fractures while 49 were healthy control subjects. The trabecular bone density in
      spines of the control subjects showed a linear correlation with age corresponding
      to an annual decrease of 1 per cent and total decrease of 44 per cent between 46
      and 86 years of age. Both patient groups had bone density reduction at the spine
      and peripheral measuring sites as compared with controls. In the distal radius,
      the reduction in bone density was of the same magnitude in both patients groups
      but in the spine, the reduction in patients with spinal fracture was more
      extensive than that in patients with hip fracture. Trabecular bone density in the
      distal radius and spine correlated in control and hip fracture patients, but not
      in spinal fracture patients. The results support the opinion that two forms of
      osteoporosis exist. One is characterised by excessive trabecular bone loss in the
      axial skeleton leading to spinal fractures; the second is due to equal extents of
      axial and peripheral osteopenia, found in connection with hip fractures.

PMID- 4072658
TI  - Hip function after total vs. surface replacement.
AB  - Kinesiologic measurements were made in two groups of 20 men before and 6 and 24
      months after resurfacing or conventional replacement. Before surgery the group to
      have resurfacing was younger, had less pain, slightly more hip motion, greater
      muscle strength, walked faster, and used fewer assistive devices during walking
      than the group to have the conventional replacement. After surgery, the group
      with resurfacing maintained its advantage in muscle strength and walking
      velocity.

PMID- 4072659
TI  - Epidemiology of distal radius fractures.
AB  - In the county of Frederiksborg, Denmark, all distal radius fractures in
      inhabitants over 20 years of age were recorded throughout 1981; the population at
      risk was a quarter million, and fractures occurred in 394 women and 99 men. The
      age-specific incidence confirmed the rise in osteoporotic fractures over the past
      20 years demonstrated recently in Malmo and Oslo.

PMID- 4072660
TI  - Neer arthroplasty for humeral fracture.
AB  - The Neer arthroplasty was performed in 10 patients with four-part proximal
      humeral fractures. The average follow-up was 2.5 years. No serious complications
      occurred. All but one became pain-free, but only four were classified as
      excellent or satisfactory. Videofluoroscopy revealed only minimal gleno-humeral
      movement in most cases.

PMID- 4072661
TI  - Aspiration cytology of soft-tissue tumors. The 10-year experience at an
      orthopedic oncology center.
AB  - Since 1972, we have included fine-needle aspiration cytology in the pre-operative
      evaluation of soft tissue lesions referred to our Orthopedic Oncology Group. In
      365 consecutive patients the cytodiagnosis was correctly malignant in 66/74
      tumors and correctly benign in 260/271 lesions; cytology was non-diagnostic in
      four sarcomas and 16 benign lesions. The final pre-operative diagnosis should be
      based on all pre-operative data to minimize the effect of any misjudgement as
      regards cytodiagnosis; only two of the 19 false cytodiagnoses were of consequence
      for the patient. We conclude that aspiration cytology used in this way is a
      valuable adjunct to determine the further management of soft tissue tumors.

PMID- 4072662
TI  - Bone atrophy after plate fixation. Computed tomography of femoral shaft
      fractures.
AB  - Twelve patients with previous femoral shaft fracture treated by rigid plate
      fixation were examined by computed tomography (CT) scanning 1 or 2 days after
      plate removal. In the previously plated segment an average reduction in cortical
      density of 11 per cent was found, and the reduction was most pronounced in the
      cortex directly beneath the plate. No reduction in cortical thickness of the
      plated bone occurred. Proximal and distal to the site of the plate, and in the
      ipsilateral tibial shaft, a slight reduction in cortical density and thickness
      averaging 2-3 per cent was found.

PMID- 4072663
TI  - Fixation of Hohmann's osteotomy for hallux valgus.
AB  - We modified Hohmann's (1923) osteotomy for hallux valgus by internal fixation of
      the metatarsal head with no need for a plaster cast. Five (2-10) years post
      operatively, all 20 patients (32 feet) had complete relief and all but one was
      satisfied with the cosmetic result. However, we now routinely add osteotomies of
      the second and third metatarsal neck to prevent, albeit asymptomatic,
      callosities.

PMID- 4072664
TI  - Survival of knee arthroplasties for rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - During a 15-year period, 498 primary knee arthroplasties for chronic rheumatoid
      and related arthritides were performed. Ninety arthroplasties where prosthetic
      components were added, removed or replaced were recorded as failures. Eighty-one
      revisions were exchange arthroplasties, eight attempted arthrodeses and one an
      above-the-knee amputation. Survival rates were calculated with a life table
      technique. The cumulative 5-year survival rate was 76 per cent for tibial
      hemiprostheses, 78 per cent for unicompartment prostheses, 100 per cent for
      tricompartment prostheses, 87 per cent for stabilized prostheses and 84 per cent
      for hinge prostheses. Continuous deterioration was observed in the tibial
      hemiprostheses. The improved surgical technique, with guide instruments and
      release procedures for better alignment and stability, and to some extent the
      improved prosthetic design may explain the good early results with tricompartment
      prostheses.

PMID- 4072665
TI  - Instability of knees with ligament lesions. Cadaver studies of the anterior
      cruciate ligament.
AB  - We studied the importance of the two parts of the anterior cruciate ligament
      (ACL), the medial collateral ligament (MCL), and the posterior medial capsule
      (PMC) to translatory and spontaneous axial rotatory instability in 15
      osteoligamentous knee preparations. Instability was recorded continuously from
      zero to 90 degrees of flexion with application of a constant force to the tibia.
      Isolated cutting of the ACL caused a moderate anterior translatory movement,
      which increased if the MCL was also cut. Transection also of the PMC resulted in
      an even larger range of anterior translatory movement. Combined lesions to the
      MCL and the PMC and the posterolateral part of the ACL did not cause such
      instability provided the anteromedial part of the ACL was intact. Application of
      a valgus moment to specimens with injured ACL and medial structures induced a
      spontaneous anteromedial subluxation of the tibia in a semiflexed position. When
      flexion was increased to 70-80 degrees, a sudden reduction was observed.

PMID- 4072666
TI  - Patellectomy--a 20-year follow-up.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients with 28 patellectomies were re-examined after an average of
      20 years. Twelve knees rated as excellent, ten as good and six as fair. Even
      though 12 patients had strenuous work, only three patients had changed
      occupation. Quadriceps power was on average two-thirds that of the opposite limb.
      Radiographs showed incipient femoro-tibial arthrosis in four patients only.

PMID- 4072667
TI  - Horizontal rotation of the patella. A case report with review of the literature.
AB  - In a 14-year-old boy a direct blow caused the patella to rotate around its
      horizontal axis; the articular surface faced distally. Thirty-two cases have been
      described previously.

PMID- 4072668
TI  - Diplopodia with reversed foot. Normal gait after operation at 8 years of age.
AB  - Diplopodia with the duplicated foot tucked up posteriorly, was reconstructed
      successfully in an 8-year-old boy. The knee joint, fibula and tibia were
      uninvolved; he had been walking on the dorsum of the foot wearing an ordinary
      shoe with the heel forward. The foot had ten toes, nine metatarsals and nine
      tarsal bones including one talus and one large calcaneus on which two Achilles
      tendons were inserted into two tuberosities. The lateral supernumerary foot was
      excised and the medial foot was dorsiflexed by almost 180 degrees by massive
      release and elongation of tendons. He could walk on his bare reconstructed foot
      without a brace 10 months after the operation.

PMID- 4072669
TI  - Transverse divergent dislocation of the elbow. A report of two cases.
AB  - Two children with transverse divergent dislocation of the elbow had quick and
      complete recovery following closed reduction and immobilisation.

PMID- 4072670
TI  - Sarcoidosis of the spinal cord. Report of an autopsy case and review of the
      literature.
AB  - The authors report a female elderly patient with quadriplegia, hypesthesia below
      the neck, and rectourinary dysfunction, which were found at autopsy to have been
      caused by involvement of the lower cervical and upper thoracic segments of the
      spinal cord in systemic sarcoidosis. Sixty cases of spinal cord sarcoidosis
      reported in the literature are also reviewed. Most patients had clinical signs
      which mimicked those of a spinal cord tumor or meningomyelitis. Only in less than
      one-third of the cases had sarcoidosis been diagnosed before neurological
      symptoms occurred. Macroscopically, most intramedullary lesions formed a mass,
      whereas extramedullary lesions usually manifested as meningitis. Histologically,
      perivascular distribution of sarcoid granulomas was noted in our patient as well
      as in many cases reported in the literature. The clinical course of the patients
      with spinal sarcoidosis was usually poor when early diagnosis was not made.

PMID- 4072671
TI  - Pigmented variant of calcifying odontogenic cyst. Report of an additional case
      and review of the literature.
AB  - A case of the pigmented variant of calcifying odontogenic cyst occurring in a 21
      year-old Japanese male is reported, and a review of previously reported cases of
      the lesion is included. In addition to the characteristic histopathologic
      features of calcifying odontogenic cyst, dendritic cells containing melanin
      pigment were widely distributed in the epithelial layer and melanin pigment was
      also found in the epithelial cells including ghost cells in the present case.
      Although no conclusion could be drawn from the present examination as to the
      origin of melanin pigment in the calcifying odontogenic cyst, it is thought that
      the role of racial pigmentation is one of the important factors in occurrence of
      pigmented odontogenic lesions.

PMID- 4072672
TI  - Thyroid carcinoma in benign thyroid diseases. An analysis from minute carcinoma.
AB  - The relative frequency of thyroid carcinoma in benign thyroid diseases such as
      toxic diffuse goiter (toxic goiter), adenomatous goiter (goiter), adenoma, and
      chronic thyroiditis (thyroiditis) was studied using 3,219 surgically removed
      thyroid glands. Coexistence of carcinoma and benign diseases was found in 257
      glands. Among them, 157 glands had minute carcinoma (diameter of cancer nodule is
      smaller than 10 mm) and 100 glands had advanced carcinoma (larger than 10.1 mm in
      diameter). The incidence of carcinoma including minute carcinoma was 29.4% in
      goiter (98/333), 21.0% in thyroiditis (11/53), 8.6% in adenoma (55/638), and 5.3%
      in toxic goiter (98/1852). Chi-square test also revealed that the rate of
      carcinoma not only advanced carcinoma but also minute carcinoma was higher in
      goiter than in the other diseases (P less than 0.01, respectively). Among the
      patients aged under 39, the incidence of advanced carcinoma and minute carcinoma
      in thyroiditis were the highest, respectively (83% and 100% in thyroiditis, 9.0%
      and 11.4% in goiter, 2. 6% and 1.9% in adenoma, and 0.7% and 3.4% in toxic
      goiter), however, among the patients aged over 40, they were secondary lower and
      the lowest, respectively (19% and 16.8% in goiter, 5.2% and 7.5% in adenoma, 4.2%
      and 6.7% in thyroiditis, and 1.4% and 7.5% in toxic goiter). We concluded that
      adenomatous goiter accompanies carcinoma more frequently than other benign
      thyroid diseases and the high incidence of carcinoma in chronic thyroiditis is
      probably due to a preoperative selection of the patients.

PMID- 4072673
TI  - Cerebro-spinal infarction caused by atheromatous emboli.
AB  - Cholesterol embolization to the abdominal viscera is common, but rare in the
      central nervous system. Fourteen cases of atheromatous embolization to the
      central nervous system were morphologically investigated. Among the 800
      consecutive autopsy cases, 38 cases had atheromatous emboli in various organs.
      Cerebro-spinal infarction caused by atheromatous emboli was found in 11 cases.
      Infarction rate (11/14) was relatively higher than in other organs and 5 of these
      cases were thought to be due to direct injury to the erosive surface of the
      aorta; cardiac catheterization (2 cases), intra-aortic balloon pumping (2 cases),
      and extra-anatomical bypass graft operation (1 case). These 14 patients consisted
      of elderly patients (70.1 +/- 6.3 years old) usually associated with hypertension
      (78.6%) and diabetes mellitus (42.8%). Anatomically, aortic aneurysms were seen
      in 10 cases (71.4%), in which aortic arch aneurysm was seen in 6 cases. Hence,
      aortic mechanical procedure is of great importance for denuding atheromatous
      materials from erosive atherosclerosis to the central nervous system.

PMID- 4072674
TI  - Gross and microscopic characteristics of stomach cancer with microangiopathic
      hemolytic anemia and/or disseminated intravascular coagulopathy.
AB  - We described gross and microscopic characteristics of 11 autopsied cases of
      stomach cancer with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and/or disseminated
      intravascular coagulopathy. They were divided into two groups grossly. One was
      superficial carcinoma and the other diffuse infiltrating and fungating carcinoma.
      Superficial carcinoma arose multicentrically and showed figures of signet ring
      cell carcinoma. This condition was accompanied by marked pulmonary tumor emboli
      and bone marrow dissemination in the initial stage of cancer evolution. Diffuse
      infiltrating and fungating carcinoma arose in the corpus and showed variable
      histological features. Dissemination of tumor cells to the bone marrow was seen
      in the terminal stage. Stomach cancer in this series consisted of two different
      groups on gross, microscopic and metastatic features. Signet ring cell of
      superficial carcinoma showed characteristic biological features with respect to
      local extension and metastasis.

PMID- 4072675
TI  - Portal vein or hepatic vein? A curious aberrant vasculature in the liver with
      idiopathic portal hypertension.
AB  - The existence of aberrant vasculatures has been described as one of the
      characteristic findings in the liver with idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH).
      In this paper, the morphological features and the genesis of aberrant
      vasculatures were studied on the basis of autopsy and biopsy materials of IPH and
      animal experiments. Aberrant vasculatures in IPH livers are characterized as thin
      walled vessels located mainly adjacent to the portal tracts and at times in the
      hepatic lobules. Although some of them are morphologically very similar to
      hepatic vein branches, they are portal in nature. These aberrant vessels develop
      in order to compensate for portal circulatory insufficiency due to obliteration
      of portal vein branches, and play an important role in maintaining an adequate
      blood supply to the parenchyma. It is predicted that decrease of these
      intrahepatic collateral vessels is responsible for or related to parenchymal
      atrophy and deterioration of liver function in the advanced stage of this
      disease. We regard these vasculatures as characteristic of the intrahepatic
      portal venous obstruction, particularly with portal hypertension accompanied by
      increased portal blood flow.

PMID- 4072676
TI  - Melanocytes in odontogenic keratocyst.
AB  - Melanocytes in odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) were studied histopathologically. As
      a result, melanocytes were observed within the basal layer of lining epithelium
      in five of 47 cases with OKC, with the overall prevalence being 10.6 per cent.
      Although no conclusion could be drawn from the present examination as to the
      origin of melanocytes in OKC, its possible histogenesis was discussed.

PMID- 4072677
TI  - Primary systemic amyloidosis with severe cardiac amyloidosis.
AB  - An autopsy case of primary systemic amyloidosis with severe cardiac amyloidosis
      in a 75-year-old Japanese man is reported. The initial signs were dyspnea and
      cough, followed by general fatigue and loss of appetite. Heart failure, pleural
      effusion, and liver cysts were found on physiological examination. Autopsy
      findings were primary systemic amyloidosis with severe diffuse cardiac
      amyloidosis and cardiac hypertrophy (585 g). Focal necrosis by infarction was
      found in the liver and spleen. The cause of amyloidosis was unknown.

PMID- 4072678
TI  - Plasma cell granuloma of the lung with extrapulmonal extension.
      Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies.
AB  - A rare case of plasma cell granuloma of the lung in a 5-year-old girl showing
      extrapulmonal extension to the adjoining thoracic wall was reported.
      Intrapulmonal and thoracic wall granulomas revealed the same histopathologic
      features; proliferation of plasma cells and fibrous connective tissue. Although
      slightly atypical plasma cells were observed among many mature ones,
      immunohistochemical examination revealed polyclonal proliferation, confirming
      their inflammatory nature. Cellular components of fibrous connective tissue were
      identified as fibroblastic cells and myofibroblasts by electron microscopy. The
      present case and literature suggested the importance of the fact that
      "infiltrative" plasma cell granuloma had a tendency to occur in children.

PMID- 4072679
TI  - Benign hemangioendothelioma of the pancreas with obstructive jaundice.
AB  - A 3-year-old boy with benign hemangioendothelioma of the pancreas is reported. He
      showed the presenting sign of obstructive jaundice. The boy was treated with
      temporary choledochojejunal bypass without additional treatment. In a 16-month
      follow-up the child has been well and asymptomatic. Laboratory data showed no
      abnormality. Biopsied specimen of pancreatic head showed hemangiomatous pattern
      histologically. Immunohistochemical studies of the biopsy revealed positive
      reaction to factor VIII-related antigen (FVIII-RAG), and endothelial cell marker,
      supporting an endothelial origin. Hemangioendothelioma has a favorable prognosis
      and spontaneous regression can be expected. So the first treatment of the tumor
      should be conservative.

PMID- 4072680
TI  - Carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder. Report of a case with electron microscopy
      and review of the literature.
AB  - A case of carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder in a 33-year-old man is
      presented. The tumor developed from the left anterolateral wall and protruded
      into the vesical lumen. The excised tumor revealed that more than 99% was
      sarcomatous component with the appearance of an osteochondrosarcoma. Small foci
      of papillo-tubular carcinoma were scattered in the sarcomatous area. The
      histological features, histogenesis and treatment of carcinosarcoma of the
      bladder are discussed in relation to the literature.

PMID- 4072681
TI  - A cystic adenomatoid tumor of the uterus simulating lymphangioma grossly.
AB  - We are reporting a rare case of an adenomatoid tumor of the uterus having
      multicystic gross appearance. A 32-year-old woman complaining of dysmenorrhea had
      multicystic mass lesions on the posterior wall of the right cornual region of the
      uterus. The specimen showed a honeycomb appearance with mucoid content.
      Microscopically, numerous gland-like spaces lined with low cuboidal cells were
      observed beneath the serosa, and mucopolysaccharide material accumulated in the
      cystic spaces forming, honeycomb-like lesions surrounded by myometrial tissue.
      The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the 9th
      day after the operation. "Cystic adenomatoid tumor of the uterus" was diagnosed.
      The patient is being followed up continuously, so far without recurrence.

PMID- 4072682
TI  - Neonatal type of argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency. Report of two cases
      with autopsy findings.
AB  - Two autopsy cases of neonatal argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) deficiency
      demonstrating the particular histological changes of the liver are presented.
      Case 1 was a female infant with elevated blood ammonia and citrulline. The
      patient died of sepsis at nineteen days after birth. Autopsy revealed hematomas
      in bilateral cerebral hemispheres and a yellow liver parenchyma. Histologically,
      the cerebrum showed diffuse astrogliosis with Alzheimer type II cell and swollen
      cytoplasm. Status spongiosus and gliosis were observed in the subthalamic and
      pontine nuclei. The liver demonstrated fatty degeneration and wide portal space
      with bile duct proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration. The ASS
      activities in the liver and the kidneys were not detected. Case 2 was a female
      infant who died of respiratory distress twenty-four days after birth. Autopsy
      revealed hematomas in the bilateral cerebral ventricles and a liver with yellow
      parenchyma. Histologically, there was destruction of arrangement in the cerebrum
      and cerebellum together with marked decrease of nerve cells with gliosis and
      phagocytosis. The liver showed mild fatty degeneration and wide portal space
      accompanied by bile duct proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration. The
      ASS activities in the liver and kidneys were not detected.

PMID- 4072683
TI  - [Effects of alpha-terpineol on pulmonary mechanics in guinea pigs].

PMID- 4072684
TI  - [Kinetic aspects of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of 3H
      gastrodin in rats].

PMID- 4072685
TI  - [Synthesis of 11-substituted estriols].

PMID- 4072686
TI  - [The structure of iso-chuanliansu isolated from Chinese medicine--the bark of
      Melia].

PMID- 4072687
TI  - [Isolation and identification of triterpene sapogenins from Glycyrhiza uralensis
      Fisch].

PMID- 4072688
TI  - [Quantitative TLC-densitometry of isoflavones in Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi].

PMID- 4072689
TI  - [Synthesis of some cucurbitine-related compounds].

PMID- 4072691
TI  - [Analysis of pyquiton by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography].

PMID- 4072690
TI  - [Studies on the chemotherapy of filariasis. III. Synthesis of 5-nitro-2
      thienylazomethine and 3,5-dinitro-2-thienylamine derivatives].

PMID- 4072692
TI  - [The occurrence of paeoniflorins and paeonols in Paeoniaceae].

PMID- 4072693
TI  - [Comparative study on the sensitivities of seven human cancer cell lines to
      rubescensine A].

PMID- 4072694
TI  - [Studies on the antineoplastic action of N-methylisoindigotin].

PMID- 4072695
TI  - [Effect of loperamide on 15-methyl-PGF2 alpha induced diarrhea and its uterine
      stimulating action].

PMID- 4072696
TI  - [Anti-inflammatory effect of alpha-spinasterol].

PMID- 4072697
TI  - [Studies on the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of 3
      methylfentanyl derivatives].

PMID- 4072698
TI  - [Studies on potential agents acting on the nervous system. I. Synthesis of 4
      hydroxy-3-(-3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2-quinolone analogues].

PMID- 4072699
TI  - [Studies on the minor alkaloids of Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook. f].

PMID- 4072700
TI  - [Isolation and identification of sanchinoside B1 and B2 from rootlets of Panax
      notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen].

PMID- 4072701
TI  - [Studies on the composition of nystatin by high performance liquid
      chromatography].

PMID- 4072702
TI  - [Determination of indigo and indirubin in qingdai (Isatis indigotica Fort.) by
      dual wavelength spectrophotometry].

PMID- 4072703
TI  - [Studies on the antitussive and sedative activities of peimine and peiminine].

PMID- 4072704
TI  - [Therapeutic effect of pyronaridine given intragastrically on Plasmodium
      cynomolgi-infected rhesus monkeys].

PMID- 4072705
TI  - [Tumor chemotherapy: synthesis of N-hydroxyethyl-isoquinoline-3-carboxylic
      lactone derivatives].

PMID- 4072706
TI  - [Resource utilization and herbal study of "malinzi" (Iris lactea Pall. var.
      chinensis].

PMID- 4072707
TI  - Changes in oviductal VIP content induced by sex steroids and inhibitory effect of
      VIP on spontaneous oviductal contractility.
AB  - The content of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in rabbit oviducts was
      determined using a radioimmunoassay technique. Treatment with oestrogen
      (polyestradiolphosphate) alone for 5 days caused a significant increase in
      oviductal VIP content, whereas addition of progesterone during the last 3 days of
      an 8 day polyestradiol-phosphate treatment resulted in a return of VIP content to
      control levels. The effect of VIP on oviductal smooth muscle contractility was
      investigated using an in vitro system. It was found that VIP caused a reduction
      of spontaneous contractile activity in doses as low as 10(-10) M and this
      reduction in motor activity was strictly dose dependent with an ED50 value
      similar to that reported for the VIP activity on rabbit myometrial smooth
      musculature.

PMID- 4072708
TI  - Contractile properties, fatiguability and glycolytic metabolism in fast- and slow
      twitch rat skeletal muscles of various temperatures.
AB  - The influence of muscle temperature (28 and 36 degrees C) on fatiguability and
      glycolytic metabolism was studied during 5 min of intermittent stimulation of
      motor nerves of the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus (fast-twitch)
      and soleus (slow-twitch) muscles in the rat at 100 Hz (200 ms per s). The decline
      in isometric tension was not affected by muscle temperature either in fast- or in
      slow-twitch muscles. In fast-twitch muscles the utilization of glycogen during
      stimulation was the same at 28 and 36 degrees C, while in the soleus muscle it
      was lower at 28 degrees C. The concentration of glucose-6-phosphate immediately
      after stimulation was higher in the muscles at 28 degrees C than in those at 36
      degrees C, whereas no difference in lactate concentration was found between the
      two temperature groups. These observations indicate that compared with the rate
      at 36 degrees C, the rate of glycogenolysis at 28 degrees C is unchanged in fast
      twitch, but decreased in slow-twitch muscle. This might imply increased economy
      of ATP turnover during contraction in the soleus muscle at 28 degrees C.

PMID- 4072709
TI  - Blood pressure, heart rate and EMG in low level static contractions.
AB  - The purposes of the present investigation were: to evaluate a possible use of
      changes in the mean spectral frequency (MSF) of the EMG power spectra as a
      measure of reflex cardiovascular responses originating from the muscles during
      static exercise; and to study the relation between muscle fibre composition, EMG,
      and the cardiovascular response. Heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (BP),
      myoelectric signal (EMG), and intramuscular temperature (Tm) were measured during
      prolonged static contractions in five healthy male subjects (25-44 yrs). Two
      studies were performed. In study I constant EMG contraction muscle force in the
      first 5 s of the knee-extensor contraction was set to 20% MVC, (maximal voluntary
      contraction), and in the rest of the 5 min contraction the myoelectric signal was
      kept constant by visual feedback from an oscilloscope. In study II, (constant
      force contraction) two 1 h 7% MVC isometric contractions of the elbow-flexors and
      extensors were performed on two separate days. During the 5 min constant EMG
      contraction, the force fell from 20 to 11% MVC, mean BP (MAP) increased from 97
      +/- 5 to 120 +/- 4 mmHg (P less than 0.01), and the EMG MSF decreased from 87 +/-
      16 to 66 +/- 9 Hz (P less than 0.01). The decrease in MSF was strongly correlated
      to the increase in MAP (r = 0.96, P less than 0.01). The intramuscular
      temperature showed a small increase from 34.3 degrees C to 35.3 degrees C (P less
      than 0.01). During the 1 h constant force contraction involving m. triceps, MAP
      increased from 104 +/- 10 to 120 +/- 12 mmHg, with a simultaneous decrease in the
      EMG MSF from 96 +/- 11 to 70 +/- 19 Hz and an increase in the EMG amplitude (247%
      of the initial value). In the contractions involving m. biceps, however, both MAP
      and EMG MSF remained almost unchanged, but EMG amplitude increased (197% of the
      initial value). Very modest changes in HR were observed: 63 +/- 6 to 66 +/- 6
      beats min-1 and 61 +/- 5 to 59 +/- 7 beats min-1 in the contractions involving m.
      triceps and m. biceps, respectively. The intramuscular temperature increased
      simultaneously, 1.3 degrees C and 0.7 degrees C in m. triceps and m. biceps,
      respectively. The results from the constant EMG contractions indicate the
      existence of a common 'trigger' for both the increase in BP and the decrease in
      EMG MSF; and the extracellular [K] is put forward as a candidate.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4072710
TI  - Functional development of the visual system in normal and protein deprived rats.
      II. Morphometric and biochemical studies on adult optic nerve.
AB  - The optic nerve of normal (C) and protein deprived (PD) adult rats was examined
      by morphometry and biochemistry. The mean cross-sectional area of the optic nerve
      was reduced by 15% and the number of axons per unit area increased by 17% in the
      PD rats. Calibre spectrum analysis of axons revealed a reduction in median
      diameter from 0.49 micron in controls to 0.45 micron in PD rats. The number of
      axons with a diameter larger than 1 micron was reduced by 35% in PD rats. These
      reductions were probably due to a general reduction in size, since the calculated
      total number of axons in the optic nerve was almost identical in C and PD rats
      (126 X 10(3) and 124 X 10(3), respectively). The increased packing density of
      axons in the nerve was not only due to thinner axons. The biochemical
      measurements showed a marked reduction in myelin basic protein in the optic
      nerves of PD rats, without an alteration in the composition of the total protein.
      This confirms the persistent hypomyelination which has been reported previously
      in other malnutrition models. The possible relations between the structural and
      biochemical changes affecting optic nerve fibres and physiological findings on
      cortical visual evoked response and on optic nerve in vitro in PD rats are
      discussed.

PMID- 4072711
TI  - The influence of felodipine and diethyl-stilboestrol on [3H]noradrenaline release
      in the rat trachea.
AB  - The fractional release of [3H]noradrenaline was measured in rings from the rat
      trachea. Transmitter release was induced either by isotonic KCl (124 mM) or by
      2.5 mM Ca added to a Ca-free depolarizing solution. Felodipine, a Ca antagonist
      (10(-4)M), had no effect on the basal release of [3H]NA whereas it reduced the
      overflow of transmitter caused by KCl or Ca. Diethyl-stilboestrol (25 microM),
      which also inhibits Ca influx in smooth muscle, had a stronger inhibitory effect
      than felodipine on [3H]NA release induced by high K and addition of Ca. Basal
      efflux of [3H]NA was increased by diethyl-stilboestrol. This increase also
      occurred in the absence of extracellular Ca.

PMID- 4072712
TI  - Modelling of intestinal permeability in man to polyethylene glycols (PEG 400 and
      PEG 1000).
AB  - The intestinal permeability barrier was evaluated in four healthy individuals by
      the 6 h urinary recovery of a mixture of different-sized polyethylene glycols
      (PEG 400 and PEG 1000) after a liquid meal of probe molecules. The mixture of
      PEGs contained around 25 different PEG polymers, ranging from about 194 to 1294
      dalton in size. Three models were employed to get a condensed formulation of the
      intestinal barrier, namely a filter function, describing exclusion of molecules
      due to the molecular weight, and two expressions for ultrafiltration through a
      pore due to the Stoke-Einstein radius. A factor reflecting unrestricted passage
      of probe molecules in the size-range used was also included in the mathematical
      expressions. It was found that a filter function showing half-maximum exclusion
      at 589-956 daltons (Da) PEG and a pore function yielding a pore-size of 8.0-8.5 A
      equally well described the intestinal barrier in the four subjects. The results
      are discussed in relation to structures of the intestinal epithelium that may
      restrict the passage of molecules.

PMID- 4072713
TI  - Nuclear zinc in human epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa.
AB  - Sperm nuclear zinc content (expressed as zinc/phosphorus and zinc/sulphur ratios)
      was determined with X-ray microanalysis in individual, air-dried, epididymal
      spermatozoa from elderly men, and in ejaculated spermatozoa from healthy donors.
      Ejaculated sperm nuclei contained (also after treatment with sodium dodecyl
      sulphate) more zinc than epididymal spermatozoa. The results indicate that the
      human spermatozoon accumulates zinc from the prostatic fluid upon ejaculation.

PMID- 4072714
TI  - Motor control of voluntary trunk movements in standing.
AB  - The pattern of activity in different trunk muscles during voluntary trunk
      movements was studied in the standing position in man. The electromyographic
      activity from ventral and dorsal trunk muscles on the left and right sides were
      recorded together with the movements in the sagittal and frontal planes (Selspot
      optoelectronic system). Movement direction, amplitude, velocity and initial
      posture were varied. In all movements there was a basic pattern of alternation
      between antagonist muscle groups. Fast movements were initiated by a sharp burst
      of activity, whereas slow flexions and side bendings resulted from a decrease in
      antigravity muscle activity. Movement amplitude was related to the magnitude of
      the initiating burst, and also to the time of onset of antagonist muscle activity
      with a braking effect. The contribution of passive internal forces in the braking
      of a movement was indicated by the myoelectrical pattern of activity,
      particularly in slow large side bendings, where ipsilateral activity was present
      at the end of the movement. Sagittal movements starting at different initial
      trunk inclinations resulted in shifts in onset time and duration between
      antagonist muscles. The observed modifications are specific adaptations of the
      motor program to balance changes in mechanical conditions, such as angular
      acceleration, moment arm for the gravitational force, and intrinsic forces of
      active and passive structures surrounding the spine and pelvis. In conclusion,
      the present results demonstrate that trunk movements are generated and controlled
      by specific patterns of muscle coordination.

PMID- 4072715
TI  - Timing of postural adjustment in relation to forelimb target-reaching in cats.

PMID- 4072716
TI  - Non-cholinergic vasodilation in the tracheobronchial tree of the cat induced by
      vagal nerve stimulation.

PMID- 4072717
TI  - Sarin and soman depress [3H]acetylcholine secretion in guinea-pig ileum myenteric
      plexus.

PMID- 4072718
TI  - Mortality variations among public mental health patients.
AB  - Earlier studies of mortality of psychiatric patients are reviewed, and agreements
      and inconsistencies related to age, sex, diagnosis and cause of death are noted.
      The authors then analyze 5,268 deaths during a 5-year period of current or former
      patients in Missouri public psychiatric hospitals and mental health clinics,
      calculating mortality ratios that are simultaneously age-, sex-, diagnostic-, and
      cause-specific. The results are used to construct a quantitative model. The
      ratios vary most with cause, then diagnosis, least with sex. Influenza and
      pneumonia contribute most to patient mortality; patient death rates for cancer
      are lower than population rates at all ages. There are substantial interactions
      of diagnosis with cause and sex. Among those diagnosed organic brain syndrome,
      who have the highest overall ratios, the ratios are extra high for females and
      for influenza and pneumonia, relatively low for external causes.

PMID- 4072719
TI  - Parental representation in young women who attempt suicide.
AB  - A reliable and valid Parental Bonding Instrument was administered to young women
      who had attempted suicide. Results indicated low parental care and high
      overprotection. These results are consistent with theoretical formulations of
      suicidal behaviour, and taken with other studies help provide a profile of
      parental characteristics which may be associated with such behaviour.

PMID- 4072720
TI  - Suicidal behaviour in major depressive illness.
AB  - We investigated past suicidal behaviour and family history of suicide in 713
      inpatients with major depressive illness. A familial history of suicide (mainly
      violent) significantly increased the frequency of violent suicidal behaviour in
      depressive women; bipolar patients being more affected than unipolars. In
      depressed men, the presence of suicidal behaviour was not significantly affected
      by polarity. The occurrence of familial suicide significantly increased the risk
      of violent suicidal behaviour in male depressed attempters. The present study
      indicates that a familial history of violent suicide is associated with the
      presence of violent suicidal behaviour in major depressive patients.

PMID- 4072721
TI  - Comparative analysis of observer depression scales.
AB  - The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Bech Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale (BRMS) and
      Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) are analyzed according to mean
      discriminatory power, internal consistency, homogeneity and transferability. The
      analysis was done separately in different samples of patients with depressive
      syndromes: a) operationally defined depressive syndrome; b) Major Depressive
      Disorder (RDC); c) Major Depressive Disorder, endogenous type (RDC). BRMS and
      MADRS were superior to HAMD in all evaluated aspects. Further, the BRMS was
      superior to MADRS according to the criteria of homogeneity and transferability.

PMID- 4072722
TI  - Time estimation and chronopathology in endogenous depression.
AB  - In recent empirical research on endogenous depression, time estimation has
      frequently been discussed in the context of chronopathological reflections,
      without empirical evidence of the postulated correlations between changes in
      speed of the "internal clock" and indicators of time estimation. In three single
      case studies, we looked for potential correlations between rhythmic processes
      (especially diurnal mood variations) and time estimations by primary depressive
      patients. Though our studies suggest a correlation between retardation and time
      estimation in patients with clear changes (trends) in the depressive mood, our
      results do not support any chronopathological speculations. According to our
      results, correlations between time estimation and retardation or depressive mood
      are dependent on distinct trends and not on rhythmic patterns.

PMID- 4072723
TI  - Too many chronic mentally disabled patients are too fat.
AB  - In a survey of 190 chronic mentally disabled patients we found a significantly
      higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in both sexes, especially women,
      compared with the general population. The apparent causes were overeating,
      underactivity, ignorance of correct dietary principles and the differential
      effects of various psychotropic drugs which we were able to measure. Some
      preventive ideas are suggested.

PMID- 4072724
TI  - Hand preference in schizophrenics and handedness conversion in their childhood.
AB  - A handedness questionnaire which was given to 1774 schizophrenic inpatients was
      identical to that employed in our previous study on healthy students. Information
      was obtained on forced conversion of hand usage in childhood and the occurrence
      of left-handedness in their families. Family history of schizophrenia was also
      investigated. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of left
      handedness or non-right-handedness (i.e., left-handedness and ambidexterity
      combined) between schizophrenic patients and normal subjects. However, the rate
      of converted right-handedness in schizophrenics was higher than that in normal
      people. The incidence of original non-right-handedness (i.e., present non-right
      handedness and converted right-handedness combined) in schizophrenics was greater
      than that in normal controls.

PMID- 4072725
TI  - The schizophrenia diagnosis in Denmark. A register-based investigation.
AB  - Patients, Danish citizens only, admitted for the first time in 1972 to a Danish
      psychiatric institution were selected from the national psychiatric register. To
      be included, the probands had to have been diagnosed as schizophrenics at least
      once in the period from their first admission to 1 September 1983. The study
      comprised 370 males and 217 females with a total of 5,298 admissions. The
      probands' diagnostic pattern during the above period was investigated. More males
      (51.9%) than females (39.2%) (P less than 0.01) were diagnosed as schizophrenics
      during their first admission. The average period from a patient's first contact
      with an in-patient institution until schizophrenia was diagnosed for the first
      time was 2.2 years for females and 1.7 years for males (P less than 0.05).
      Personality disorders, reactive psychoses, and not classifiable psychoses were
      the most frequent diagnoses prior to the first schizophrenia diagnosis. The
      diagnostic stability of schizophrenia as main diagnosis, after its first
      application, was 73.6% for males among a total of 2,539 admissions and 71.2% for
      females among 1,141 admissions. There was greater correlation between the latest
      and former diagnoses than between the first and subsequent diagnoses. This is
      valid both when distinguishing between schizophrenia and non-schizophrenia and
      when focusing on schizophrenia subtypes. The results are discussed, particularly
      the problem concerning the selection of representative cohorts for schizophrenia
      research projects.

PMID- 4072726
TI  - Are schizophrenics with abnormal dexamethasone suppression test results a
      distinct subgroup?
AB  - Nonsuppression on the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in schizophrenics has
      been reported by three independent groups. To elucidate the significance of this
      finding a schizophrenic cohort was tested on a wide range of parameters: computed
      tomography (CT), electroencephalography (EEG), the Halstead-Reitan
      Neuropsychological Battery (HRB), platelet monoamine oxidase activity (MAO),
      serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase levels (DBH), premorbid personality adjustment,
      response to medication and family history of mental illness. Our results indicate
      that DST nonsuppressing and DST suppressing schizophrenics are no different on
      any of these measures, lending support to the notion that DST nonsuppression in
      schizophrenics is a random and changing event.

PMID- 4072727
TI  - Cross-national study of perceived parental rearing behaviour in healthy subjects
      from Australia, Denmark, Italy, The Netherlands and Sweden: pattern and level
      comparisons.
AB  - Samples of healthy subjects from Australia, Denmark, Italy, The Netherlands and
      Sweden completed the EMBU, a Swedish questionnaire aimed at assessing the
      experience of parental rearing practices. For the purpose of comparison three
      factors - "emotional warmth", "rejection" and "overprotection" - obtained in a
      previous factor analytic study, have been used. The most pronounced differences
      occurred between the Dutch and the Swedish sample on the one hand, and the
      Italian and Australian sample on the other, with the Danish sample in between.
      Differences in perceived parental rearing should be considered when comparing
      personality characteristics and/or psychopathological conditions in subjects from
      different countries.

PMID- 4072728
TI  - Sexual jealousy in alcoholics.
AB  - A hundred patients referred to an alcoholism service were assessed in terms of
      sexual jealousy by interview and with a Sexual Jealousy Questionnaire. The
      overall incidence of sexual jealousy was 35% in men and 31% in women as judged by
      the interview. Twenty-seven per cent of the men and 15% of the women had morbid
      jealousy. There was no relationship between sexual jealousy, as measured by the
      questionnaire, and sexual dysfunction. However, in the men there were inverse
      relationships between the scores for sexual jealousy and measures of sexual
      satisfaction and marital stability, and in the women sexual jealousy scores
      correlated negatively with duration of the marriage and positively with severity
      of alcohol dependence.

PMID- 4072729
TI  - Aspects of personality structure in Ethiopian and Swedish adolescents. A
      transcultural study with the Holzman inkblot technique.
AB  - A number of findings in different studies on mental health and disease in
      Ethiopia indicate differences in personality structure between traditional
      Ethiopians and people in Western countries. An attempt was made to study
      differences in personality structure between Ethiopian and Swedish adolescents.
      The projective Holtzman inkblot test was administered to a class of 12th grade
      Ethiopian students and a class of 11th grade Swedish students, using the group
      method. The Ethiopian students scored significantly higher on "anatomy" than the
      Swedish students and significantly lower on "integration", "abstract", "anxiety",
      "hostility" and "popular". These findings are discussed against the difference in
      socio-cultural background between the two groups, and it is concluded that the
      Holtzman inkblot technique could be a valuable tool in cross-cultural studies of
      personality variables.

PMID- 4072730
TI  - Delusions and the psychopathology of the elderly with dementia.
AB  - Thirty-seven, out of a sample of 100 elderly subjects, all suffering from
      dementia, were found to have delusions. The delusions were more common in women,
      in patients with a history of psychiatric illness, and amongst those with higher
      information subscores (Blessed Scale); and were less common in patients suffering
      from apraxia or severe psychosocial incompetence. Amongst the deluded patients
      the simultaneous presence of disorientation, hallucinations and hyperactivity
      often signified the diagnosis of delirium, but on follow up it was not correlated
      with death within 18 months. The same symptoms in the non-deluded patients were
      correlated with severe social incompetence and death within 18 months. It is
      concluded that the presence of delusions in subjects over 75 years old suffering
      from dementia is related, to certain extent, to previous or concomitant
      psychiatric illness, and that it reflects a relative preservation of mental
      function amongst those without such history.

PMID- 4072731
TI  - Prolactin and thyrotropin in serum during electroconvulsive therapy in patients
      with major depressive illness.
AB  - Thirty-three patients with major depressive illness received electroconvulsive
      therapy (ECT), and serum prolactin (PRL) and thyrotropin (TSH) levels were
      measured 30 min before and 1, 5, 15, 30, and 60 min after the treatment. There
      was a threefold increase in PRL levels with a maximum after 15 min. The TSH
      plasma levels rose significantly with a maximum at 30 min after ECT. No change in
      PRL and TSH concentrations was seen in control experiments when the patients
      received anaesthesia only. In 15 patients the hormone levels were studied both
      during the first and sixth (last) ECT. The PRL and TSH levels were significantly
      higher following the first as compared to the sixth ECT. Patients on
      phenothiazines had higher PRL and lower TSH levels than those on other drugs or
      without medication, but there was no significant difference in the mean increment
      by ECT. Dopamine depresses PRL and TSH secretion. The diminished hormone release
      after a series of ECT may be explained by ECT-induced increase of postsynaptic
      dopamine receptor function leading to inhibition of PRL and TSH release from the
      pituitary gland.

PMID- 4072732
TI  - A psychoendocrine study in male paranoid schizophrenics with delusional ideas of
      homosexual content.
AB  - The serum prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T) and
      estradiol (E) levels were investigated in a group of male paranoid schizophrenics
      with delusional ideas of homosexual content, in a group of male paranoid
      schizophrenics without delusional ideas of homosexual content, and in a group of
      healthy, male heterosexual subjects. Only male paranoid schizophrenics with
      delusional ideas of homosexual content had significantly lower serum PRL values
      and significantly higher serum E levels than those of the age-matched group of
      normal, male heterosexual controls; also, these patients tended to have higher
      (though not to a statistically significant degree) serum LH and T levels than
      those of normal controls. Findings of this study are discussed within the
      framework of the possible involvement of endocrine factors in the occurrence of
      delusional ideas of homosexual content in male patients with paranoid
      schizophrenia.

PMID- 4072733
TI  - Munchausen's syndrome: an annotation.

PMID- 4072734
TI  - Epidemiology of affective disorders in Florence. Preliminary results.
AB  - A structured interview designed to detect affective disorders according to
      operational diagnostic criteria was administered to a representative sample of
      639 people living in Florence. The 1 year prevalence percent was 1.7 for bipolar
      disorder, 0.31 for atypical bipolar disorder, 5.2 for major depression, 1.4 for
      cyclothymic disorder, 2.3 for dysthymic disorder (all diagnosed according to DSM
      III criteria) and 4.5 for minor depression (RDC criteria). The corresponding
      figures relative to the point prevalence were: 0.6, 0.16, 3.8, 0.47, 1.2, 0.31.
      The use of care services on the part of affective cases (none, GP, public
      psychiatric facilities, private psychiatrist, hospital) was also recorded.

PMID- 4072735
TI  - Paranoid psychosis in the elderly. A follow-up study.
AB  - Hospital records comprising 106 first admissions of patients aged 60 years or
      more diagnosed paranoid disorder were studied. Affective psychosis and dementia
      were excluded. The female/male ratio was 2:1. Symptomatology, treatment and
      diagnostic classification are presented. Seventy-five per cent revealed
      persecutory delusions, and nearly half were hallucinated. Almost all patients
      received neuroleptics. The majority were diagnosed paranoid psychosis or reactive
      psychosis. After 5-15 years of observation a full remission was seen in 27%
      according to the judgement of general practitioners as well as hospital records.
      Delusions such as megalomania and delusions with ideas of sex and jealousy showed
      a significantly poor outcome. The diagnosis reactive psychosis predicts a course
      of illness characterized by few relapses.

PMID- 4072736
TI  - Manic-depressive patients with delusions. Clinical and diagnostic course.
AB  - A study was made of the hospital records of 114 first admission patients under 60
      years with a diagnosis of manic-depressive psychosis and coexisting paranoid
      symptoms. The male/female ratio was 1/1.4, and the females were significantly
      older. Symptomatology and treatment are presented. Seventy per cent disclosed
      delusions of reference and misinterpretation and 50% had synthymic delusions.
      During 11-15 years of admission 75% of the patients were re-admitted. The
      diagnostic concept was changed in 33%. Significantly more females were diagnosed
      unipolar manic-depressive. According to the general practitioners and hospital
      records psychotic traits were still present in 50% of the patients at follow-up.
      Significantly more patients diagnosed as unipolar manic-depressive had no relapse
      and no remaining psychotic traits. And significantly more patients with changed
      diagnosis had remaining psychotic traits. The need for prospective studies of
      patients with coexisting affective and paranoid symptomatology is stressed.

PMID- 4072737
TI  - Psychiatric morbidity following total and partial thyroidectomy.
AB  - Thirty subjects were screened for psychiatric morbidity approximately 7 years
      after they had undergone a thyroid operation. Thirteen were identified as "cases"
      by the General Health Questionnaire. Total and partial thyroidectomy subjects
      were compared. The total thyroidectomy patients identified as "cases" showed
      lower values of plasma calcium and higher values of inorganic phosphate than the
      partial thyroidectomy "cases", but the difference failed to reach statistical
      significance. No clinical or biochemical differences were found between cases and
      non-cases, irrespective of the type of operation.

PMID- 4072738
TI  - Mortality in an urban population in central Sweden in relation to mental disorder
      and alcohol consumption. A prospective study.
AB  - A representative selection of 2,283 individuals, 18-65 years old in "former"
      Stockholm County were called to examinations by psychiatrists during the period
      1970-1971. During the period from the original examination to 1980, inclusive, a
      total of 114 examined persons (77 men, 37 women) had died. The relative death
      rate of those studied was 1.05 for men 0.90 for women (average for Sweden = 1).
      Women in social class III had a significantly higher relative death rate (1.23)
      compared with women in social class I (0.35). Those individuals who had a
      psychiatric diagnosis of moderate or severe degree had a significantly higher
      relative death rate (1.73) than those having a psychiatric diagnosis of mild
      degree (0.69). Men without psychiatric diagnosis had a significantly higher
      relative death rate (1.17) than men with a psychiatric diagnosis of mild degree
      (0.49). Individuals with high or very high alcohol consumption had a higher,
      although not statistically significant, relative death rate (1.69) compared with
      those with a low-moderate consumption (0.93).

PMID- 4072739
TI  - Prevalence of DSM III schizophrenia among the first-degree relatives of
      schizophrenic probands.
AB  - The extent of the genetic component, if any, in DSM III schizophrenia still
      remains unresolved. To further examine the issue, the first-degree relatives of
      116 DSM III schizophrenic probands in our department were compared with those of
      an equal number of normal subjects, randomly selected and matched for age and
      sex. More than three fourths of the surviving relatives of each group were
      interviewed and rated according to DSM III criteria. Information of varying
      degrees of completeness was obtained about the remainder (surviving and dead).
      The gathered data were sufficiently detailed to provide general evidence that
      schizophrenia, and schizophrenia-related personality disorders were significantly
      more common in the first-degree relatives of DSM III schizophrenic probands than
      in the relatives of the controls. These findings suggest that even narrowly
      defined schizophrenia, such as that obtained by using DSM III criteria, has also
      a genetic component.

PMID- 4072740
TI  - Lithium and hair texture.
AB  - Patients receiving lithium who had noticed changes in hair texture since starting
      that drug, described variously as hair losing its curl or wave, have a greater
      lithium concentration in hair than patients on lithium with no such complaints.

PMID- 4072741
TI  - Attempted suicide in Denmark. III. Assessment of repeated suicidal behaviour.
AB  - Ninety-nine patients, randomly chosen among hospital admitted suicide attempters,
      were initially interviewed at the Department of Psychiatry, Odense University
      Hospital, Denmark, and then followed up for a period of about 3 years. Half of
      the patients repeated the attempt in the follow-up period, mostly in the first
      year. Ten patients committed suicide, half of them in the first 3 months after
      the interview, shortly after discharge from hospital. The majority of the
      repeaters were living alone, while those that committed suicide were mostly
      married women aged 50-60 years. Other characteristic features for the repeaters
      were previous suicidal behaviour and suicidal behaviour among relatives. Many had
      a psychiatric record and expressed chronic somatic complaints. Around the time of
      the attempt, many expressed hopelessness, isolation and suicidal ideation.
      Pierce's Suicide Intent Scale performed poorly due, in particular, to low
      specificity. Future work will focus on objective risk factors, those indicated
      here and others, in order to establish an up-to-date background for assessment
      and management.

PMID- 4072742
TI  - ECT was found to be effective in remitting the symptoms of late onset diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 4072743
TI  - Angiographic evaluation of scintigraphic abnormalities in screening for pulmonary
      embolism after total hip replacement.
AB  - Among 240 consecutive patients subjected to total hip replacement, 206 underwent
      perfusion scintigraphy in screening for pulmonary embolism 10 to 14 days after
      surgery. All patients with perfusion abnormalities (n = 77) also underwent
      ventilation scintigraphy with a dry 99Tcm microaerosol. The scintigraphic
      abnormalities were classified according to a detailed coding system and in 50
      patients pulmonary angiography was performed within 24 hours for correlation.
      Emboli were diagnosed in 19 patients at angiography. All patients with ventilated
      segmental (n = 6) or larger (n = 5) perfusion defects or multiple subsegmental
      defects larger than half a segment (n = 2) had emboli. Two of 8 patients with
      abnormally ventilated subsegmental perfusion defects larger than half a segment
      had emboli. Four of 21 patients with wedge-shaped subsegmental perfusion defects
      smaller than half a segment or defects with a rounded border towards the hilum
      and a peripheral extension equal to or less than that of a segment had emboli. In
      one of them the site of the emboli correlated to the site of the perfusion defect
      but occurred in normally perfused areas in the remaining 3. Ventilation
      scintigraphy was of no value in this group of patients. No emboli were found in
      patients who had areas with decreased but not totally lost perfusion (n = 8). No
      emboli were diagnosed in 27 lungs with a normal perfusion.

PMID- 4072744
TI  - Forward-leaning position for radiographic differentiation between free and
      encapsulated pleural effusion.
AB  - Forty-three patients in whom standard radiographic projections of the chest
      suggested effusion in the dorsal costophrenic sinus were also examined in
      sitting, forward-leaning position. Following this change of posture the sinus
      cleared if the effusion was free. The procedure can therefore be useful in
      patients in whom there is difficulty in distinguishing between free and
      encapsulated pleural fluid. In addition, it facilitates assessment of the
      posterior parts of the lungs and the pleura that otherwise are concealed by free
      effusion.

PMID- 4072745
TI  - Electrolytic tissue destruction and external beam irradiation of the lung. An
      experimental and clinical investigation.
AB  - In order to evaluate possible benefits of local therapy of lung tumors-
      electrolysis at Pt-electrodes percutaneously inserted in the tumor, followed by
      radiation therapy--6 pigs were used as test objects. Two died of lung hemorrhage
      due to too fast electrolysis causing lung rupture but the other 4 survived when
      electrolysis was performed at a lower speed. No complication was observed of the
      combination of electrolysis and external beam irradiation. One human primary lung
      tumor was treated and probably destroyed by two electrolytic procedures and
      irradiation to 64 Gy. The evidence of the limited series of animal experiments
      and of single human tumor case would indicate that further investigations seem
      worthwhile.

PMID- 4072746
TI  - Large-screen image intensifier photofluorography compared with full-size screen
      film technique in chest radiography.
AB  - Large-screen image intensifier photofluorography revealed a radiation dose and
      exposure time of about one third of those of a medium speed rare-earth
      screen/film (Trimax T4/XD) combination for full-size chest radiography. The
      resolving power of the former technique is somewhat poorer and there is a
      moderate electron-optical distortion in the peripheral field. In clinical chest
      radiography photospot films showed excellent demonstration of the central areas
      of the image but slight deterioration in peripheral parts. The minification
      effect of the photofluorographic films is advantageous for visual perception of
      many anatomic details on chest radiographs. The type of viewing device for
      photospot films is important.

PMID- 4072747
TI  - Breast carcinoma and benign breast lesions. Diaphanography and quantitative
      evaluation using the computer-controlled image scanner OSIRIS.
AB  - A total of 110 diaphanograms from women with breast carcinoma and 154
      diaphanograms from women with benign breast disorders were quantitatively
      evaluated using the OSIRIS image scanner. Optical density values in the green and
      red spectral bands were recorded. The malignant and the benign groups, were
      statistically evaluated using linear discriminant analysis. Correct
      classification was obtained in 73.5 per cent of women with breast carcinoma and
      in 84.6 per cent of women with benign breast disorders. Visual interpretation of
      the findings alone classified 84.5 per cent of the malignant lesions correctly
      and 90.8 per cent of the benign lesions correctly. Quantitative evaluation
      combined with visual interpretation improved the accuracy of classification of
      breast carcinoma (91.8%), but not of benign breast disorders, which was about the
      same (83.8%).

PMID- 4072748
TI  - Patency of the cochlear aqueduct.
AB  - The patency of the cochlear aqueduct is discussed against the background of
      radioanatomic studies of 225 plastic casts of temporal bone specimens and
      additional experimental and clinical observations. The occasional presence of a
      wide venous channel running parallel with the cochlear aqueduct, as well as the
      existence of up to three accompanying venous channels can simulate a
      pathologically wide cochlear aqueduct radiographically. This could constitute a
      diagnostic pitfall in the absence of other clinical and radiographic signs of
      malformation.

PMID- 4072749
TI  - Morphometry of orthopantomographic mandibular bone changes during radiation
      therapy.
AB  - It is generally considered that mineral loss in the bone must amount to 30 per
      cent or more before any changes become visible to the naked eye in conventional
      radiography of the skeleton. Early changes in the mandibular bone during
      radiation therapy are therefore difficult to detect. Abnormalities of the bone
      caused by irradiation are vascular and cellular in nature. Morphometry detects
      the changes earlier than conventional radiography. Nineteen patients with a
      malignant process in the oral cavity or the naso- or hypopharynx but with no
      evidence of metastases in the mandibular periosteum or bone marrow were given
      radiation therapy. They were investigated using morphometry together with
      orthopantomography. The investigation demonstrated a decrease in the number of
      trabeculae and an increase in the amount of marrow space and compact bone during
      irradiation. Thus it is possible to detect early radiographic changes by
      morphometry, but this method is more laborious than scintigraphy. The
      abnormalities of the mandibular bone were reversible, which signifies the
      recovery of bone after irradiation with therapeutic doses.

PMID- 4072750
TI  - Chalasia of the upper esophageal sphincter.
AB  - Four patients with absence of stable tonus (chalasia) of the pharyngo-esophageal
      segment, i.e., the cricopharyngeal muscle and the adjacent cervical esophagus,
      are reported. The tonus between swallows was completely absent in 2 patients and
      was seriously impaired in 2. All patients had normal peristalsis in the
      cricopharyngeal muscle but delayed or absent peristalsis in the cervical
      esophagus. In one patient the relaxation of the cricopharyngeal muscle during the
      passage of the bolus was incomplete. Various other functional abnormalities in
      the pharynx were present as well. The observed abnormalities are interpreted in
      relation to current understanding of motor mechanisms in the area of the pharyngo
      esophageal segment.

PMID- 4072751
TI  - The upper esophageal sphincter during normal deglutition. A simultaneous
      cineradiographic and manometric investigation.
AB  - The upper esophageal sphincter was studied during deglutition in 7 healthy
      subjects using simultaneous cineradiography and manometry. The pressure measuring
      device consisted of 3 sensors distally placed, and separated by 10 mm. They
      recorded pressure obliquely to the right at an angle of 15 to 45 degrees
      anteriorly. During the swallowing sequence a pressure sensor initially placed in
      the high pressure zone of the sphincter easily slid out of position due to
      asynchronous movements of the sphincter and the pressure measuring device. These
      movements can result in erroneous interpretation of pressure recordings.
      Continuous radiologic monitoring during the entire swallowing sequence thus seems
      to be mandatory. Immediately before the bolus entered the upper esophageal
      sphincter, the sphincter relaxed and low or even negative pressures were
      registered. When the bolus had passed onwards the sphincter contracted gradually,
      to resume its pre-swallow pressure.

PMID- 4072752
TI  - Post-operative lesions of the common bile-duct. A cholangiographic investigation.
AB  - Cholangiograms were reviewed of 190 patients with gall-bladder disease, who were
      consecutively operated upon with common bile-duct exploration during a 2.5-year
      period. Nine patients were excluded for various reasons. In 86 patients endoscopy
      of the duodenum was also performed after surgery. In 181 patients post-operative
      cholangiography revealed the following lesions, not found at the pre-explorative
      examinations: Fistula to the duodenum in 27, ulcers or sinus tracts in 11,
      ectasia and/or irregularities in another 11. In 17 patients retained calculi were
      found. The clinical significance of the iatrogenic lesions is probably low, but
      they must be recognized as such in order not to be radiologically misinterpreted.

PMID- 4072753
TI  - Predictive value of interpeduncular distance measurement in children.
AB  - The value of measurement of the interpeduncular distance (IPD) in the
      investigation of a suspected pathologic intraspinal lesion was assessed in a
      series of 55 children referred for myelography from a university department of
      paediatrics. An IPD exceeding +2 SD was almost always associated with skeletal
      abnormality. Myelography disclosed pathologic lesions in two-thirds of 14 such
      patients. When no skeletal malformation was present, a large IPD (i.e. exceeding
      +2 SD) was found as expected. Myelography disclosed pathologic lesions in 2 of 6
      such patients. Among 31 patients with normal IPD measurements 8 had pathologic
      lesions. Measurement of IPD may be of little value in the investigation of
      intraspinal changes in the lumbar region in children.

PMID- 4072754
TI  - Demonstration of the renal venous system at routine nephroangiography. A
      comparison between metrizoate, metrizamide and ioxaglate.
AB  - The demonstration of renal veins during routine nephroangiography was
      retrospectively investigated and blindly scored in 60 patients. Three different
      types of contrast media were used: one high-osmolar ionic monomeric (metrizoate)
      and two low-osmolar, the non-ionic monomeric (metrizamide) and the ionic
      monoacidic dimeric (ioxalate). The renal veins and the inferior vena cava were
      significantly better and more often demonstrated when ioxaglate was used compared
      with metrizoate and metrizmide. There was no significant difference between
      metrizoate and metrizamide. Following semiselective renal artery injection, the
      main renal veins were demonstrated with a diagnostically acceptable quality with
      ioxaglate in 76 per cent, with metrizamide in 40 per cent and with metrizoate in
      29 per cent. On selective renal artery injection the demonstration of renal veins
      increased to 85 per cent with ioxaglate and remained unchanged with metrizmide
      (38%) and metrizoate (26%). Semiselective or selective nephroangiography with
      ioxaglate at an ordinary dose was in most patients sufficient to allow evaluation
      of renal vein involvement in disease, rendering high dose selective
      nephroangiography or selective nephrophlebography unnecessary. A slower diffusion
      rate of ioxaglate compared with metrizoate and metrizamide is considered to be
      the major explanation for the better demonstration of the renal veins.

PMID- 4072755
TI  - Selective nephroangiography in the dog causing renal platelet aggregation and
      irregular nephrographic phase.
AB  - Selective renal artery injections of large single doses of the ionic contrast
      medium metrizoate produced an irregular nephrographic phase, 'patchy contrast
      medium retention', in 14 of 16 dogs. The irregular nephrographic phase was
      associated with a transient accumulation of platelets and fibrinogen in the
      kidney and with microscopically demonstrable transient thrombi in afferent
      arterioles and glomerular capillary tufts. These effects were followed by tubular
      damage, which was demonstrated in 4 of 6 dogs examined 48 hours after injection.
      Formation of thrombi was not demonstrated in 6 dogs given small single doses,
      which produced a homogeneous nephrographic phase. It is suggested that contrast
      medium induced endothelial damage is a pathogenetic mechanism in the development
      of thrombi and patchy contrast medium retention.

PMID- 4072756
TI  - Ioxaglate versus diatrizoate in selective pulmonary angiography. II.
      Cardiovascular responses.
AB  - A clinical comparison of ioxaglate and diatrizoate with regard to the
      cardiovascular effects following selective pulmonary angiography was performed in
      20 patients with normal pulmonary arterial pressure. Ioxaglate produced a
      significantly less marked effect on systemic blood pressure (p less than 0.001),
      pulmonary arterial pressure (p less than 0.001), and heart rate (p less than 0.05
      0.01), as compared with diatrizoate.

PMID- 4072757
TI  - [Chromosome abnormalities in couples with habitual spontaneous abortions].

PMID- 4072758
TI  - [Experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits and the dynamics of plethysmographic
      changes].

PMID- 4072759
TI  - Glycogen and phospholipids in rat peripheral blood lymphocytes during protein
      malnutrition.

PMID- 4072760
TI  - [Characteristics of acute kidney failure in the aged].

PMID- 4072761
TI  - [Hyperlipoproteinemia in patients treated with hemodialysis].

PMID- 4072762
TI  - Generalized muscle stiffness and spontaneous electromyographic discharges in
      neuromuscular disease of parathyroid gland hypofunction.

PMID- 4072763
TI  - [8-hour preservation of calf liver using perfusion during normothermia].

PMID- 4072764
TI  - [Preservation of calf liver using hypothermia and the determination of its
      functional ability by perfusion isolation of the liver under normothermic
      conditions].

PMID- 4072765
TI  - [Calcitonin in the blood of patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis].

PMID- 4072766
TI  - [A single-stage reconstruction of the pharynx using a tongue flap].

PMID- 4072767
TI  - [Hereditary thrombocytopathy due to inadequate reserves of thrombocyte
      diphosphate--storage pool disease].

PMID- 4072768
TI  - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 4072769
TI  - Alterations in polyamine levels in amniotic fluid, plasma and urine during normal
      pregnancy.
AB  - Polyamines have a close relationship with rapid cell proliferation. We measured
      polyamine levels in amniotic fluid, maternal plasma and urine during normal
      pregnancy. Plasma putrescine, spermidine and spermine gradually increased in the
      third trimester and reached the highest concentration at the end of pregnancy.
      There was a significant correlation between the level of these polyamines and the
      level of plasma estradiol and progesterone. In urine, putrescine and spermine
      increased with the progress of gestation and reached the highest level during the
      8th to 10th months of gestation. In amniotic fluid, putrescine and spermidine
      concentrations were significantly high in the first trimester and decreased in
      the other trimesters, whereas spermine showed no significant change. Polyamine
      concentrations in maternal plasma and urine appear to reflect not only fetal
      metabolic changes but also the metabolic changes of the pregnant women, and to be
      influenced by several hormones which increase during pregnancy. Polyamines in
      amniotic fluid mainly reflect activated fetal metabolism and may be useful as
      biochemical indicators of fetal growth.

PMID- 4072770
TI  - Follow-up study of the cup supporter (F-S type) in total hip replacement.
AB  - Twenty-five patients (30 hips) have had a total hip replacement using the cup
      supporter developed in our department. This report describes the follow-up
      findings on these patients. The mean period after hip replacement was 2 years and
      8 months (range from 6 months to 6 years). The cup supporter was used in patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis with acetabular protrusions, central migration of the
      prosthesis after hemi-arthroplasty, revision operation for a defecting acetabular
      floor, primary acetabular protrusions (including osteoarthritis with acetabular
      protrusions) and traumatic fracture-dislocation of the hip. In five cases,
      autograft of bone was used in addition to the cup supporter for reinforcement of
      a thin acetabular floor. This combination appeared to provide good clinical
      results. The cup supporter was of value in revision operations due to loosening
      of the acetabular cup with severe acetabular protrusions.

PMID- 4072771
TI  - The role of the corpus callosum in interhemispheric propagation of iron-induced
      epileptogenic activity in the rat.
AB  - In iron-induced epilepsy, partial section of the corpus callosum resulted in a
      decrease in rats showing dominant spike activity on the side of secondary focus
      and an increase in rats showing almost equal spike activity on the sides of
      primary and secondary focus in electrocorticograms (ECoGs). Changes in ECoG spike
      frequencies caused by sectioning the corpus callosum included an increase in
      unilateral spikes on the side of primary focus, a decrease in unilateral spikes
      on the side of secondary focus, and an increase in bilateral spikes appearing
      almost synchronously on both sides.

PMID- 4072772
TI  - Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 4072773
TI  - Post-myocardial infarction exercise testing: clinical significance of a left
      ventricular function index and ventricular arrhythmias. A prospective study.
AB  - A predischarge exercise test was performed in a prospective series of 187
      patients, less than 70 years old, with acute myocardial infarction. A survival
      analysis confirmed previous retrospective findings of a significantly increased
      long-term mortality in patients with a low increase in the pressure-rate-product
      (PRP) and/or with major exercise-induced arrhythmias. ST segment depression was
      without prognostic significance. By a graduated, quantitative re-evaluation of
      the significance of exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias, an appropriate,
      significantly discriminating cutoff point for the frequency of solitary
      ventricular premature beats (VPBs) was found at two or more VPBs/min. Repetitive
      VPBs had an equal significance. The probability of 4.5-year survival in patients
      with these arrhythmias and a low increase in PRP was 0.49 vs. 0.85 in patients
      with less frequent arrhythmias and with a high increase in PRP (p less than 10(
      6)).

PMID- 4072774
TI  - Use of cardiac glycosides in Finland.
AB  - The prevalence and number of persons receiving cardiac glycosides were estimated
      in connection with a general health survey. A population sample (n = 8000)
      representative of the adult Finnish population was studied. According to a
      questionnaire and an interview, about 10% of men and 11% of women were receiving
      cardiac glycosides. The total number of glycoside users in Finland was estimated
      at 311 000 (95% confidence limits 289 000-333 000). A significant serum digitalis
      concentration definitely indicating digitalis use was observed in about 9% of men
      and 10% of women. By this method the minimum number of persons receiving
      digitalis therapy was estimated at 248 000 (95% confidence limits 227 000-269
      000). About 90% of all glycoside consumption appeared to take place outside
      institutions. The prevalence of glycoside use increased greatly with advancing
      age and tended to be higher in women than in men. The prevalence varied
      significantly between regions within the country. Further research is required to
      explain the unusually prevalent and geographically variable use of cardiac
      glycosides in Finland.

PMID- 4072775
TI  - Incidence and management of pacemaker-related complications during dual-chamber
      pacing.
AB  - To evaluate the complication rate during AV universal pacing (DDD), 41
      consecutive patients with complete heart block were studied and followed up for 2
      30 (mean 10.8) months. The Cordis Sequicor Theta was used in 6 patients and the
      Siemens-Elema 674 in 35. Clinical problems related to the pacemaker treatment
      occurred in 12 patients (pacemaker tachycardia triggered by retrograde atrial
      activation in 2, atrial oversensing in 3 and undersensing in 2, ventricular
      oversensing in 2 and undersensing in 1). Ventricular fibrillation occurred during
      threshold measurement in one patient. Seven of the problems could be ascribed to
      the DDD mode. Four of these 7 problems could be solved by reprogramming the
      pacemaker. A nonprogrammable atrial refractory period in the Cordis Sequicor was
      found to be a limitation in patients with endless loop tachycardia. In 3 cases
      reoperation had to be performed. In another 3 cases there were problems with
      ventricular sensing which in one could be solved by reprogramming. Apart from
      ventricular fibrillation, which could not be ascribed to the DDD mode, there were
      no serious problems in the clinical management of the patients.

PMID- 4072776
TI  - Regional differences in the idiopathic hemochromatosis gene frequency in Sweden.
AB  - Screening for idiopathic hemochromatosis (IH) in 941 men, 55 years of age, did
      not reveal any individual with both biochemical abnormalities and liver iron
      content compatible with homozygosity for the IH gene. In a large autopsy series
      of 8 834 males representative of southern Sweden, we found classical
      hemochromatosis in 0.1%. The results are in contrast with the high frequency of
      homozygous IH found in the county of Jamtland in central Sweden. We suggest that
      the difference in gene frequency is a result of enrichment of the recessive IH
      gene in the Jamtland population by the mechanisms of sampling and drift. We
      conclude that population screening for early IH in southern Sweden is not
      worthwhile.

PMID- 4072777
TI  - Smoking and health in old age. A ten-year follow-up study.
AB  - The implications for health of smoking habits at entry were evaluated in a 10
      year longitudinal study of a population of men and women aged exactly 70 at entry
      and otherwise selected only according to geography. Seventy-six per cent of the
      men and 39% of the women were smokers at 70, 32% of the male and 20% of the
      female smokers were inhalers. In men, heavy smoking (greater than or equal to 15
      g tobacco per day and inhalation) was statistically associated with low systolic
      blood pressure, intermittent claudication, chronic bronchitis, low body mass
      index and low serum insulin, but not with forced expiratory volume in first
      second (FEV1). In the 10-year follow-up period heavy smoking in men was
      associated with excess total mortality, excess mortality from malignant
      neoplasms, excess mortality from non-malignant pulmonary diseases and increased
      decrease in FEV1. In women, but not in men, inhalation was statistically
      associated with excess total mortality.

PMID- 4072778
TI  - Hypoglycaemic coma in severe primary hypothyroidism.
AB  - A 76-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital in comatose condition. Her blood
      glucose was 1.7 mM. Immediately after intravenous glucose treatment she attained
      normal consciousness. The diagnosis of severe primary hypothyroidism was
      subsequently made and no sign of other diseases was detected. After thyroid
      replacement therapy fasting blood glucose levels rose to normal and no further
      hypoglycaemic episodes occurred. It is emphasized, that hypoglycaemia may be the
      direct cause of severely impaired consciousness in hypothyroidism requiring
      immediate and specific therapy.

PMID- 4072779
TI  - Tricuspid insufficiency caused by nonpenetrating chest trauma. Report of two
      cases diagnosed by Doppler cardiography.
AB  - Two cases of traumatic tricuspid insufficiency are presented. Both patients
      followed a benign clinical course although an associated injury to the
      intraventricular septum was found in one. A flail anterior tricuspid leaflet was
      seen on two-dimensional echocardiography in both patients and the diagnosis was
      confirmed by Doppler cardiography.

PMID- 4072780
TI  - A long-term follow-up study of juvenile aneurysm patients.
AB  - The long-term outcome in 26 patients following operation of intracranial saccular
      aneurysms before the age of twenty is presented. The duration of follow-up ranged
      from 4 to 33 years (mean 14 years). The oldest patient is now 51 years old. 19
      patients (73%) made a complete or good recovery with resumption of normal life.
      Only one patient was severely disabled and dependent for daily support. Aspects
      of social outcome such as working conditions and family relationships were
      encouraging. No association between presence of vasospasm in the acute phase of
      the disease and the long-term outcome was demonstrated. In one case rupture of a
      previously undetected aneurysm had occurred during the followed-up period.

PMID- 4072782
TI  - A comparative study of the portable regional CBF monitor and the portable mean
      hemispheral CBF monitor: advantages and disadvantages in clinical practice.
AB  - CBF determination can provide additional valuable information which can be used
      in clinical practice to enhance our capabilities in patient evaluation. The
      initial techniques requiring intraarterial injections have been largely replaced
      by the noninvasive inhalation and intravenous methods. The recent refinement of
      microcomputers and the development of portable CBF monitors have made CBF
      determination a nontraumatic, dependable and easily repeatable examination at the
      patient's bedside. In this communication we compare a portable region CBF monitor
      and a portable mean hemispheral CBF monitor; we study their advantages and
      disadvantages in clinical practice. Emphasis is placed on the practical
      characteristics and the information provided by each monitor and its contribution
      to patient evaluation. Illustrative cases are presented.

PMID- 4072781
TI  - The pathogenetic and prognostic significance of blood-brain barrier damage at the
      acute stage of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Clinical and experimental
      studies.
AB  - In a retrospective study, pathological tissue enhancement was found in nearly two
      fifths of patients with acute SAH on contrast-enhanced cranial computed
      tomography. By means of absorption measurements with the region of interest
      technique over the basal ganglia, it was proved indirectly that pathological
      tissue enhancement should be brought about not only by hyperaemia, i.e., a blood
      volume increase, but also by extravasation of the contrast material, i.e., blood
      brain barrier (BBB) disruption. A similar conclusion was drawn from the
      retrospective isotope brain scintigraphy study. It was further established that,
      although the pathological contrast enhancement was most obvious in the cortex,
      and particularly in the neighbourhood of the subarachnoid spaces, the phenomenon
      is probably widespread throughout the brain. Patients with abnormal enhancement
      are likely to be in less favourable clinical grades, have a high incidence of
      marked or diffuse spasm, have a poorer outcome independent of surgical or
      conservative treatment, and develop cerebral infarction more frequently. Systemic
      arterial hypertension was associated with an increased incidence of abnormal
      enhancement. Pathological tissue contrast enhancement or isotope accumulation in
      the first few days of SAH may serve as prognostic signs indicative of the late
      development of vasospasm and ischaemia. As ischaemic disruption of the capillary
      system is not prominent in the initial days following any stroke, vasoactive
      substances arising from the breakdown of the blood clot should play important
      part in the BBB damage in the acute stage of SAH. The "cortical SAH" model
      developed in the animal experiments ensured a constant subarachnoid blood volume
      with minimal local brain damage. The intracranial pressure and mean arterial
      blood pressure did not change significantly, and perfusion defects did not arise.
      Thus, this model proved suitable for studying the influence on the BBB of
      vasoactive blood breakdown products (responsible for arterial spasm) without the
      accompanying effects of pathological conditions such as raised intracranial
      pressure, systemic hypertension, non-reflow phenomena, which also disrupt the
      BBB. Measurements on the water, electrolyte, albumin contents of brain tissue, as
      well as the immunohistochemical localization of albumin, clearly indicated that
      the brain oedema developing at the acute stage of experimental SAH could be
      classified as having a primary vasogenic component in addition to the cytotoxic
      component. This increased capillary permeability was found to be brought about by
      opening of tight junctions and pinocytosis in the endothelial cells. The
      pathological capillary permeabilit

PMID- 4072783
TI  - Intracerebral fibroma: light and electron microscopic study.
AB  - The light and electron microscopic findings of a surgically excised intracerebral
      mass is presented. The ultrastructural study led to definitely exclude both
      meningioma (that was the original diagnosis at surgery) and intracerebral
      schwannoma, while substantiating the uncommon final diagnosis of fibroma. The
      true intracerebral fibroma has exceptionally been described in the past. The
      seven so far reported cases are shortly reviewed.

PMID- 4072784
TI  - Plasticity of the central nervous system--a neurosurgeon's experience of cerebral
      compensation and decompensation.
AB  - Cerebral plasticity constitutes one of the most decisive factors in recovery and
      readaptation after cerebral lesions. In contrast to the considerable progress in
      current studies on normal neuronal plasticity including the idea of "l'homme
      neuronal", the concept of plasticity postulated by Albrecht Bethe in 1929
      received little attention. The author, as a neurosurgeon, has tried to describe
      cranial morphological plasticity, morphological and functional plasticity in
      infantile encephalopathies and especially in hemiatrophic lesions. It is supposed
      that a true morphological substrate exists due to compensatory hyperplasia of the
      uninvolved hemisphere. Modern neurosurgical techniques have demonstrated that the
      functional plastic capacity is much larger than has been supposed, even in the
      elderly. Some aspects of the mechanisms of compensation and decompensation of
      cortical and subcortical structures as well as of the central regulation systems
      are discussed. The full extent of the amazing recovery and functional
      reorganization is reached by plastic capacity, personal motivation, adequate
      training and sufficient time. The contribution ends with an exposition of a
      personal philosophy concerning psycho-somatic dualism, the body-mind problem, the
      future of the human brain and the ethical outlook, based on the progressive
      biological evolution of the basal neocortex and the immanent functional
      development (H. Spatz).

PMID- 4072785
TI  - Surgery of cerebellar astrocytomas, ependymomas and medulloblastomas in children.
AB  - A report is given on 118 children operated on for cerebellar astrocytoma,
      ependymoma or medulloblastoma in 1968-1982. During the first period (1968-1975)
      when the diagnosis was based on ventriculography and the operation performed
      later on the same day, the surgical mortality was 5%, 22%, and 16% respectively
      in these tumours. In the period since 1976, during which the diagnosis was based
      on CT and preoperative shunting was routine with the posterior fossa operation
      performed a week later and an operation microscope was available, no surgical
      mortality occurred. In patients with ependymoma or medulloblastoma the shunt was
      left in permanently; in patients with astrocytoma the shunt was removed if the
      patient tolerated its closure. The prognosis for astrocytoma was excellent. The
      10-year survival rate was 97%. The five-year survival rate for medulloblastoma
      was 27% and the 10-year survival rate 13% which are less than the rates generally
      reported. For ependymoma patients the prognosis was poor whatever the therapy.

PMID- 4072786
TI  - Mean hemispheral cerebral blood flow changes after craniotomy. Significance and
      prognostic value.
AB  - The effects of craniotomy on cerebral haemodynamics remains controversial from a
      study of the literature. This report represents our experience with respect to
      CBF changes within 10 days of surgery. Our objective was twofold, first to study
      the effect of craniotomy on the cerebral circulation and second to determine
      whether the CBF pattern at different post-operative intervals could provide
      useful prognostic information. A total of 135 CBF measurements were performed at
      the bedside of 36 patients; 19 patients with an assortment of intracranial
      tumours and 17 patients with intracranial aneurysm in different clinical grades.
      Our results indicate a significant rise in CBF in the immediate post-operative
      period averaging 18% of the pre-operative value. We believe this reflects a
      normal reaction of the cerebral vasculature to the inevitable disturbance of
      surgery. Furthermore, this hyperaemia may be of prognostic value as it was
      observed in 85% of the patients with tumour discharged without post-operative
      deficit and in 80% of the patients with aneurysms discharged in clinical grade 1
      or 2. This is in sharp contrast with its development in only 16% of the patients
      with tumour discharged with post-operative deficit and 16% of the patients with
      aneurysm discharged in grade 3 or 4. The study adds to the direct clinical
      utility of CBF determination as a prognostic tool.

PMID- 4072787
TI  - Prognostic factors for postsurgical hearing and facial nerve function in cases of
      cerebellopontine angle-tumours. The meaning of brain stem evoked response
      audiometry (BERA).
AB  - Presurgical and postsurgical brain stem evoked response audiometry (BERA)
      examinations were done in patients with tumours of the posterior cranial fossa. A
      correlation exists between the extent of presurgical BERA-alterations and
      postsurgical hearing-power and facial nerve function. Small tumours (less than 1
      cm) correlate generally with small BERA-alterations and show a good prognosis.
      Conservation of hearing in cases of larger tumours can only be expected when BERA
      alterations are small. Prognosis is generally bad in cases of big tumours
      (greater than 3 cm). BERA-alterations on the contralateral side point to an
      additional brain stem compression which can normalize after surgery.

PMID- 4072788
TI  - Arachnoid cysts as a cause of dementia in the elderly.
AB  - Arachnoid intracranial cysts are benign lesions which until recently have been
      considered to be quite uncommon. They are benign congenital lesions usually
      discovered at an early age. We have recently treated two patients with advanced
      age and arachnoid cysts, unusual due to their location and extent. Both of them
      presented clinically with an organic dementia syndrome with some similarities to
      that seen in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Both recovered fully after surgery.
      We review the literature and try to emphasize the clinical differences between
      arachnoid and the more rare neuroepithelial cysts.

PMID- 4072789
TI  - Intracranial epidermoids--concerning the low absorption value on computerized
      tomography.
AB  - The authors analysed the contents of two intracranial epidermoids showing low
      density on computerized tomography. Although both cases had approximately similar
      composition, 85, 83% for water, 12, 12.5% for protein, 3, 4.5% for total lipid
      including cholesterol, respectively, the absorption values differed from each
      other. Both tumours were identified to communicate with CSF, one by delayed
      metrizamide CT scan and the other by direct aspiration during operation. The low
      absorption values in both cases resembled or were slightly higher than that of
      CSF in each case, and not a single pixel showed negative values for lipid. These
      findings suggest that it is the CSF content within the anatomical interstices or
      structural crevice of the tumour, rather than cholesterol, which is responsible
      for the low absorption values which appeared in the CT scan.

PMID- 4072790
TI  - Immunopathological significance of IgG in meningioma in relation to the
      pseudopsammoma bodies.
AB  - We described two histochemical patterns of IgG deposits in meningioma and
      discussed the pathogenesis of IgG deposits. In meningioma with pseudopsammoma
      bodies, IgG was secreted from tumour cells which differentiated to secretory
      epithelial cells, and was found to deposit in the pseudopsammoma bodies. However,
      in meningioma without pseudopsammoma bodies, IgG was derived from plasma and
      became deposit around the blood vessels in the meningioma tissue.

PMID- 4072791
TI  - Cerebral venous angiomas.
AB  - Clinical symptoms and radiological signs in 15 patients with cerebral venous
      malformations are presented and the diagnostic problems discussed. The
      circulation time in combination with cerebral malformations and angiomas of the
      scalp are described. CT findings in cases of venous malformations of the brain
      stem are evaluated. Spot-like enhancement, as well as sharply demarcated rounded
      shaped enhancement are characteristic for venous angiomas. Cavernous angiomas
      usually present as homogenous or inhomogenous round shaped enhanced areas.

PMID- 4072792
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid free amino acids in patients with spinal space-occupying
      lesions. A preliminary report.
AB  - 18 different free amino acids were determined in the cerebrospinal fluid of 28
      patients with various spinal space--occupying lesions. The study group included
      15 patients with lumbar disc lesions (control group), 8 patients with cervical
      radiculopathy, 4 patients with cervical myelopathy, and 1 patient with a thoracic
      spinal angioma. The values from the control group were in general accord with
      those previously observed in normal adults of 5 studies of the literature.
      Comparison of the values in the different subgroups showed normal values of all
      amino acids in patients with cervical myelopathy, and significantly higher levels
      of glutamic acid in patients with cervical radiculopathy. In the case of a
      thoracic spinal angioma however most free amino acids were extremely high. The
      authors conclude that this may be due to alterations of the spinal metabolism and
      that determination of free amino acids in CSF of patients with intradural spinal
      lesions may help to improve preoperative diagnosis in addition to
      neuroradiological methods.

PMID- 4072793
TI  - Increased levels of amino acids in human lumbar and central cerebrospinal fluid
      after subarachnoid haemorrhage.
AB  - Twenty amino acids were determined chromatographically in cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) from 26 patients and in plasma from 13 of the patients with subarachnoid
      haemorrhage (SAH). In the first group of 13 patients, from which lumbar CSF and
      plasma were collected on days three, six and nine after SAH, there was a
      significantly increased CSF concentration from day three to six and/or nine in
      all amino acids except for taurine which was within the normal range. In the
      second group of 13 patients, from which CSF was collected during preoperative
      clipping of aneurysms, there was an increased concentration in lumbar and central
      CSF in all amino acids except for taurine compared to controls. There was no
      correlation between any of the amino acids and cerebral vascular diameter as
      assessed by angiography. It is suggested that the increased levels in lumbar and
      central CSF amino acids result from proteolysis due to catabolic processes and
      from impaired clearance of the amino acids from CSF after SAH.

PMID- 4072795
TI  - Proceedings of the 35th annual meeting of the Nordisk Neurokirurgisk Forening
      (Scandinavian Neurosurgical Society). June 1-4, 1983, Helsinki, Finland.

PMID- 4072794
TI  - Peripheral nerve autografts to the injured spinal cord of the rat: an
      experimental model for the study of spinal cord regeneration.
AB  - Regenerated central axons have been shown experimentally to penetrate in
      peripheral nerve segments transplanted into the spinal cord (SC). However, if the
      nerves are transplanted between the stumps of the transected SC regeneration is
      impaired by local cavitation and scarring. Our experiment was designed to study
      whether nerve grafts bridging a severe transverse SC lesion might provide to
      central regenerating axons a pathway to by-pass the lesion. To this purpose, 2
      segments of autologous peripheral nerves were inserted through small dural
      openings into dorsal longitudinal myelotomies rostral and caudal to a transverse
      SC lesion in rats. Eighteen weeks after transplantation a large number of well
      myelinated fibres filled the grafted nerves. Only a few of these fibres, however,
      could be followed into the SC; they were located in the outer layers of the
      dorsal white matter. The problems regarding the origin and destination of these
      fibres are discussed.

PMID- 4072796
TI  - Regulation of protein kinases in exocrine secretory cells during agonist-induced
      exocytosis.
AB  - Stimulation of exocytosis in exocrine glands is associated with an increased
      phosphorylation of several particulate proteins. Irrespective of the type of
      secretagogue (cAMP-dependent agonists, calcium-dependent agonists, calcium
      ionophores, phorbol esters) exocytosis is always accompanied by an enhanced
      phosphorylation of the ribosomal protein S6. It is shown by an analysis of the
      phosphopeptide pattern of the in vivo and the in vitro phosphorylated S6 protein
      that the protein kinase responsible for phosphorylation of the S6 protein during
      enhanced exocytosis is protein kinase C. This is so irrespective of whether the
      agonist uses cAMP or calcium as second messenger. Experiments with isolated
      guinea pig parotid gland lobules reveal that not only the acetylcholine analog
      carbamoylcholine, but also the beta-agonist isoproterenol lead within seconds to
      an increased formation of diacylglycerol. As diacylglycerol increases the
      affinity of protein kinase C for calcium this finding would explain why the
      phosphorylation pattern of the S6 protein reflects activation of protein kinase C
      also under conditions where (as in the case of stimulation with beta-agonists)
      cAMP is the primary second messenger. It would further explain why the changes of
      the phosphorylation of individual histones observed during agonist-induced
      exocytosis in the parotid gland are quite similar for isoproterenol on one hand
      and carbamoylcholine on the other. A 22 K protein which becomes phosphorylated
      only when cAMP serves as second messenger is located in the membrane of the
      endoplasmic reticulum. A possible relationship of this protein with the calcium
      transport ATPase of the endoplasmic reticulum is under investigation.

PMID- 4072797
TI  - X-linked allozymes of phosphoglycerate kinase as tools in experimental
      carcinogenesis in the mouse.
AB  - Experimental conditions are discussed that are necessary for a useful application
      of genetically marked laboratory animals to distinguish between clonal and
      nonclonal origin of induced tumors: quantitative discrimination of biochemical
      markers, definition of the "patch" sizes, evaluation of possible admixture of
      "contaminating" cells and the approach to congenicity of parental animal strains.

PMID- 4072798
TI  - Cell proliferation and DNA repair in the liver during early stages of chemical
      carcinogenesis.
AB  - X-chromosomal phosphoglycerate kinase mocaicisms in organ samples of female
      heterozygous mice provided a means to prove, because of a selective expression of
      one of the two allozymes, the clonal origin of carcinogen-induced preneoplastic
      hepatocellular populations (see also ref. 61). The occurrence of these clonal
      preneoplastic foci was used in rats to determine cell cycle dependent differences
      of transformation sensitivity and DNA repair. The highest transformation rate was
      found after carcinogen exposure in late G1/early S phase of the cell cycle.
      Experimental disturbance of DNA precursor pools by continuous thymidine infusion
      during carcinogen exposure results in an increased formation of preneoplastic
      clones. This is a further argument in favor of an essential role of base
      mispairing during initiation. Cell cycle dependent fluctuations of O6
      methylguanine DNA transferase with an increasing enzyme activity in late G1 and a
      maximum in early S phase indicate that cells possess an increased potential for
      eliminating promutagenic O6-methylguanine during the most transformation
      sensitive parts of the cell cycle to prevent base-mispairing during DNA
      replication or transcription. However, this putatively protective effect is
      limited because the enzyme is rapidly expended in the reaction and drops again in
      later stages of the cell cycle.

PMID- 4072799
TI  - Polymorphism of dihydrofolate reductase from a methotrexate-resistant subline of
      L1210 cells.
AB  - Dihydrofolate reductase, purified to homogeneity (as judged by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), from a subline of L1210 murine
      leukemia cells resistant to 10(-6) M methotrexate, was resolved into two
      principal forms (1 and 2) by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 8.3 or
      isoelectric focusing. In the latter procedure, these forms had pI values of 7.4
      and 8.2, respectively; both stained for protein and catalytic activity. Form 1
      appears to be a single component, comprising ca. 10% of the total protein and at
      least 20% of the total catalytic activity. It is also more sensitive to
      inhibition by MTX, more heat-stable, and less susceptible to activation than form
      2. Multiple components of 2 were observed by narrowing the pH range in
      isoelectric focusing, and further resolution was achieved by urea denaturation.
      Substrate and inhibitor complexes of 1 and 2, differentiated by polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis or isoelectric focusing, provided information about the
      ability of the enzyme to undergo conformational changes. Interconversion of 1
      with one of the components of 2 may also involve conformational isomerism. These
      conclusions are consistent with the well-known ability of eukaryotic
      dihydrofolate reductases to exhibit increased catalytic activity (attributed to
      transformations to more open conformations) when treated with salts, chaotropes,
      or cysteine-modifying agents. Treatment of the L1210/R6 enzyme preparation with
      one of these activating agents, 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), derivatized
      both 1 and 2 (changing their pI values to 7.3 and 6.9, respectively) and altered
      the enzyme such that stoichiometric inhibition for MTX was observed.

PMID- 4072800
TI  - Molecular mechanism for the regulation of hepatic ornithine decarboxylase.
AB  - A single injection of thioacetamide into starved rats induced a 40- to 100-fold
      increase in hepatic ODC activity. However, immunotitratable ODC protein increased
      by only 5-fold because of the presence of significant amounts of inactive ODC
      protein in the liver of untreated starved rats. Polysomal ODC-mRNA activity also
      increased only 5-fold, a significant amount being present in control liver.
      Furthermore, the peak of polysomal ODC-mRNA activity preceded that of ODC
      activity or ODC protein by several hours. These results indicate that the enzyme
      induction is due not only to increase in polysomal ODC-mRNA activity, but also to
      some translational and/or post-translational regulation. Exogenously administered
      diamines or polyamines cause rapid decay of ODC activity and induce antizyme that
      binds to ODC and inactivates it. Another protein factor, antizyme inhibitor, was
      found in the liver of thioacetamide-treated or protein-fed rats. Antizyme
      inhibitor binds to antizyme and reactivates ODC in the ODC-antizyme complex. A
      small, but significant, amount of antizyme was found in the liver of starved
      rats. Only small amounts of ODC-antizyme complex were detected in rat liver and
      cultured hepatocytes, even during the period of rapid ODC decay caused by
      exogenously added diamines. On the other hand, the complex was present in HTC
      cells and more especially in ODC-stabilized HMOA cells, even under physiological
      conditions. On addition of 10(-2) M putrescine, the amount of complex first
      increased and then decreased in both types of cells. Decay of total ODC activity
      (free plus complexed ODC) was more rapid with putrescine than with cycloheximide.
      These results suggest that antizyme plays an essential role in the degradation of
      ODC by a catalytic effect both in the presence and absence of exogenous
      putrescine and that antizyme inhibitor stabilizes ODC by removing antizyme.

PMID- 4072801
TI  - Immunobiology of proteins and peptides--III. Viral and bacterial antigens.

PMID- 4072803
TI  - Psychiatric aspects of chronic pulmonary disease.

PMID- 4072802
TI  - Psychosomatic theory and pulmonary disease. Asthma as a paradigm for the
      biopsychosocial approach.

PMID- 4072804
TI  - Psychiatric aspects of tuberculosis.
AB  - The association between mycobacteria and humans is long and will undoubtedly
      continue to challenge our attempts at understanding tuberculosis as an infectious
      disease in particular and as a chronic illness in general. We have inherited a
      wealth of notions, assumptions, and myths about tuberculosis and our
      predispositions and reactions to it, and this inheritance has adversely affected
      the current perspective on the disorder and has undermined some research efforts
      by limiting scientific vision and imagination. Continuing basic research in
      immunology and imaginative research designs in psychiatry will help us more
      clearly see how we are predisposed to acquire and have relapses of tuberculosis
      by emotional stress, and how our reactions to the illness affect recovery.
      Energetic efforts in these areas will allow more effective public health
      interventions and individual psychiatric treatment of individuals with
      tuberculosis or other chronic pulmonary infections.

PMID- 4072805
TI  - Cystic fibrosis: a systems analysis of psychiatric consequences.

PMID- 4072806
TI  - Pulmonary physiology.

PMID- 4072807
TI  - Childhood asthma. The interplay of psychiatric and physiological factors.

PMID- 4072808
TI  - Psychiatric aspects of asthma in adults.
AB  - Asthma is a complex and multifactorial illness. Early theories focused on the
      psychosomatic aspects of this disease and more work has been done through the
      years to explore these theories and to further elucidate the variety of
      psychiatric conflicts, personality traits, and stressors, and the role they play
      in asthma. More recently, mechanisms have been postulated whereby these conflicts
      can influence the pathologic process in the lungs causing symptoms of asthma.
      These seem to act at the level of the limbic system and hypothalamus, the
      autonomic nervous system, and the immunologic system. Many psychiatric factors
      play a strong role in maintenance of the asthma. Family interactions, anxiety,
      depression, panic-fear, and many others can facilitate or impede compliance with
      an appropriate medical regimen. Although all these variables have yet to be
      sorted out definitively, asthma is certainly an area where psychiatrists can have
      a major therapeutic impact.

PMID- 4072809
TI  - Psychiatric aspects of cigarette smoking.
AB  - Smoking has been viewed in divergent ways throughout history. While for some
      cultures it has been considered a crime, for others it has been invested with
      magical powers and even medicinal potential. In our century, society has come to
      realize the health risks associated with smoking. This has led to controversies
      between government and the tobacco industry as well as between physician and
      patient. In spite of their knowledge of its deadly consequences, many individuals
      are unable to stop smoking. The tenacity of this habit can be explained in terms
      of the various psychological motivations for smoking in combination with the
      physiologic addiction to nicotine. While some people are able to stop the habit,
      many relapse in spite of a variety of quitting methods. These range from the
      doctor's advice to stop, education programs, group and individual
      psychotherapies, behavioral techniques, hypnosis, and the use of nicotine gum.
      With a growing understanding of what distinguishes categories of smokers and with
      a new appreciation for the role of nicotine in addiction to smoking, more
      effective antismoking strategies can be fashioned to meet the specific needs of
      the potential quitter.

PMID- 4072810
TI  - Psychiatric aspects of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - This chapter reviewed many of the psychiatric aspects of patients with COPD. It
      is hoped that this chapter will facilitate an understanding of some of the more
      common psychological and sociocultural settings in which COPD patients operate
      and some of the variables that can be utilized to increase these patients' and
      their families' abilities to adapt by increasing the fit of their environments
      with the severity of the patients' COPD.

PMID- 4072811
TI  - Industrially acquired pulmonary disease.

PMID- 4072812
TI  - Present and future of rhinoplasty: an editorial.

PMID- 4072813
TI  - Nasal anatomy: the muscles and tip sensation.
AB  - The author stresses the importance of columellar sensation, nasal tip sensation,
      and the role of the nasalis muscles in determining the postoperative results of
      corrective rhinoplasty, especially as these have an influence on the "drooping
      tip" and the columellar base. Specific anatomic details of this area are
      emphasized in order to help the plastic surgeon understand better the "normal"
      anatomy of this region and the effects that operative procedures have on
      successful results if the surgeon understands especially the role of the nasalis
      muscles.

PMID- 4072814
TI  - Microtia: a personal case study.

PMID- 4072815
TI  - Lipolysis: pitfalls and problems in a series of 1,246 procedures.
AB  - In a large series of lipolysis procedures, followed for 2 years, there have been
      no serious major and few minor complications. Selection of patients is important
      and for the best results patients should be under 30 years of age. Many areas of
      lipodystrophy may be dealt with at one session in most cases. However,
      postoperative circulatory control, especially during the first 24 hours, is very
      important and always requires vigilance to avoid the tendency to hypotension.
      Early local problems include tenderness, bruising, and swelling, and the
      management of these is discussed. Later complications include skin flaccidity,
      dimpling, and localized areas of pigmentation and hypesthesia. The prevention and
      management of all these sequelae and others are discussed.

PMID- 4072816
TI  - The use of an integral tissue expander for primary breast reconstruction.
AB  - The authors emphasize the recent advances in breast reconstruction provided by
      use of the skin expander device. A Silastic percutaneous skin expander developed
      by the authors and the Dow Corning Corporation has been used by them in breast
      reconstruction for the past 7 years with satisfactory results. Important design
      differences in the device suggested by the authors include the use of a
      reinforced backing which consists of Dacron Silastic sheeting extending beyond
      the inflatable tear-drop-shaped envelope for approximately 3/8 of an inch, thus
      adding strength and rigidity to the envelope and the rim, and making it possible
      for the rim of the expander implant to be sutured in an appropriate orientation.

PMID- 4072817
TI  - Reduction mammoplasty by the total dermoglandular pedicle.
AB  - The use of a total dermoglandular pedicle in 700 cases of reduction mammoplasty
      are described by this team of authors. They emphasize that their modification of
      the dermoglandular pedicle provides an extremely reliable blood supply to the
      areola and is quick and easy to perform. There is no anesthesia of the nipple
      postoperatively, and the shape of the breast is favorable both in the immediate
      postoperative period and over the long-term follow-up observation between the
      years 1979 and 1984.

PMID- 4072818
TI  - Simultaneous brachioplasty, thoracoplasty, and mammoplasty.
AB  - Body contour surgery for the patient who has experienced massive weight loss
      requires extensive and multiple operations. Any means of reducing the number of
      such procedures while obtaining optimal results would be most beneficial to both
      surgeon and patient. Combined brachioplasty, thoracoplasty, and mammoplasty has
      proven to be safe, effective, and appropriate toward achieving these goals.

PMID- 4072819
TI  - A "giant" punch for reduction mammoplasty.
AB  - A new instrument, a kind of "giant" punch, is useful in Strombeck's reduction
      mammoplasty. Its application makes the upper cylinder of tissue excision an easy
      maneuver. It also guarantees that even, symmetrical amounts of parenchyma will be
      removed from both sides. Its three sizes permit three different amounts of tissue
      removal for varying degrees of reduction or asymmetries.

PMID- 4072820
TI  - Carcinoma of the colon and rectum in geriatric patients.
AB  - In the period 1967-1981, 102 patients older than 70 years were treated for a
      colorectal carcinoma. The mean age was 76 years. The average delay was 7.6
      months. Obstruction as initial symptom was seen in only 8% of the cases. The
      resection rate was 85%. The postoperative mortality rate was 6% for patients
      patients who underwent a resection. For all patients the postoperative mortality
      rate was 8%. The five-year survival rate for stage A (Astler-Coller) was 37%, for
      stage B 27%, for stage C 8%, for stage D 0%. Of the whole group, the actuarial
      five-year survival rate was 27%, the ten-year survival rate 10%. Surgery for
      colorectal carcinoma in the elderly is well tolerated, and a resection should be
      pursued as long as the general condition permits.

PMID- 4072821
TI  - Cardiac pacing in an elderly population with a satellite clinic in a district
      general hospital.
AB  - It has been suggested that in the United Kingdom the rate of implantation of
      cardiac pacemakers is too low. One possible reason for this may be the inadequate
      availability or usage of ambulatory ECG monitoring services for elderly patients.
      Since the introduction of such a service in Crawley, West Sussex, pacemaker
      implantation has increased from less than five to more than 20 per annum. Ninety
      five of the 102 pacemakers (93%) implanted in that time were in patients over the
      age of 65 years and 68 of them were over 70 years. This rate of implantation is
      equivalent over the nation as a whole to at least 8000 new pacemakers per year.
      This represents a 14-23% increase over the present implantation rate. Since all
      patients were symptomatically improved and survived on average more than 30
      months, despite their advanced ages, pacemaker implantation was certainly
      justified. The establishment of a local pacemaker surveillance service reduced
      the need for elderly patients to travel long distances for pacemaker checks.

PMID- 4072822
TI  - Clinical presentation of pyogenic liver abscess in the elderly.
AB  - The presenting features of seven elderly patients with pyogenic liver abscess
      were reviewed retrospectively. Symptoms of malaise, anorexia and abdominal pain
      referrable to intra-abdominal pathology were present in only 43% cases and
      physical examination was frequently unhelpful. Leucocytosis, hyperbilirubinaemia
      and raised alkaline phosphatase were of diagnostic value in the majority of
      patients. Chest and urinary tract infections were frequent predisposing
      conditions. Antibiotic therapy for four weeks is adequate in elderly patients if
      combined with drainage procedures.

PMID- 4072823
TI  - Cognitive impairment after stroke.
AB  - Cognitive ability was assessed in a consecutive series of 189 six-month survivors
      of an acute stroke. Twenty-two patients were cognitively impaired at six months.
      Amongst 10 patients whose cognitive ability deteriorated between one and six
      months, four also had marked depressive symptoms. Age and severity of stroke were
      the factors most strongly associated with cognitive impairment at six months.
      Patients with left hemisphere damage had significantly more difficulty with short
      term recall and those with bilateral hemisphere signs were most at risk of
      cognitive impairment. Patients with cognitive impairment after a stroke should be
      carefully assessed for depressed mood which may benefit from treatment.

PMID- 4072824
TI  - Swallowing difficulties in stroke patients: a new treatment.
AB  - Difficulty with swallowing is one of the most distressing symptoms experienced by
      patients who have suffered strokes and one which previously has been particularly
      difficult to help. An intra-oral appliance which stimulates the involuntary
      swallowing mechanism has been tested with 170 consecutive stroke patients with
      dysphagia and drooling, and the results show substantial improvement. The
      appliance is relatively cheap to construct and fit, requiring little professional
      time. It is worn during the whole day, helping to rehabilitate the swallowing
      mechanism with saliva as well as with food and drink. The treatment is
      appropriate for patients in hospital or at home and avoids the use of medication.

PMID- 4072825
TI  - Is the pattern of inflammatory bowel disease different in the elderly?
AB  - The clinical course of inflammatory bowel disease in elderly patients has been
      reviewed. The natural history of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in the
      elderly is similar to that in the young with the usual wide spectrum of severity
      of disease. Such inflammatory bowl disease responds well to medical treatment in
      the majority of elderly patients, and surgical intervention is only required
      rarely for complications or unresponsive disease. Reports of a more serious
      clinical course in older patients were not substantiated.

PMID- 4072826
TI  - The elderly and the medication label: doing it better.
AB  - Sixty elderly patients, responsible for taking their medication after discharge,
      were studied prior to their discharge from hospital. Sixty per cent had problems
      reading their medication labels and a similar percentage did not have a clear
      understanding of the labelled directions. The purpose of 54% of the 163
      prescribed medicines was unknown to the patients. Some difficulty was experienced
      with the commonly used 'scriptwriter' typeface and better alternatives are
      suggested. Greater attention to the medication label, in conjunction with other
      measures shown to improve compliance, and the development of a unit policy would
      facilitate better prescribing.

PMID- 4072827
TI  - Effects of a mast cell stabiliser (FPL 52694) on human gastric secretion.
AB  - The effects of a new monochrome mast cell stabilizer (FPL 52694) on gastric
      secretion have been studied in healthy volunteers. When administered orally for 3
      days, FPL 52694 consistently reduced nocturnal and pentagastrin-stimulated
      secretion of acid by about 50%. Meal-stimulated gastric secretion was not
      affected by the drug. Inhibition of the gastric secretory response to
      pentagastrin was not significant when single doses of the drug were administered
      either into the stomach or the duodenum, but administration of multiple doses
      resulted in significant inhibition. The drug does not inhibit gastric secretion
      by injuring the gastric mucosa, since the gastric mucosal barrier to back
      diffusion of hydrogen ions is not affected. We conclude that this mast cell
      stabilizer provides an interesting tool for studying aspects of the physiological
      control of gastric secretion and may have a therapeutic role in peptic
      ulceration.

PMID- 4072828
TI  - Differential effects of calcium channel antagonists on histamine and pentagastrin
      stimulated gastric acid secretion in the rat.
AB  - Different calcium channel antagonists have been assessed for their ability to
      inhibit gastric acid secretion in rats. Whereas verapamil, diltiazem and
      cinnarizine inhibited pentagastrin-induced gastric acid secretion but not
      histamine-induced secretion, nifedipine selectively inhibited the stimulant
      effect of histamine. In contrast, the vasodilator hydralazine had non-selective
      effects. These findings indicate that calcium-antagonists may have differential
      effects against different secretagogues and these effects are not simply related
      to hypotensive effects.

PMID- 4072829
TI  - Endotoxin inhalation induces neutrophil chemotaxis by alveolar macrophages.
AB  - Guinea-pigs were exposed to an aerosol of bacterial endotoxin
      (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). The free lung cell response and alveolar macrophage
      (AM) chemotaxis were studied. Neutrophils from guinea-pig blood gave larger
      migration responses than those obtained by intraperitoneal glycogen stimulation
      or human neutrophils. An increase in the number of neutrophils in the airways was
      found with a peak at 12-24 hours after exposure. In animals pre-treated with LPS
      inhalation for 4 months, the reaction was of shorter duration and smaller
      magnitude. AM showed in vitro chemotactic activity up to 4 hours after exposure;
      no difference was found in pre-treated animals. The results suggest that the
      neutrophil invasion in the airways after LPS is dependent on two mechanisms, the
      initial being AM chemotaxis, which is not modified by pre-exposure to LPS, and
      another unknown factor, which is modified by pre-exposure to LPS.

PMID- 4072830
TI  - Effects of benoxaprofen on the binding to and inactivation of leucoattractants by
      human polymorphonuclear leucocytes in vitro.
AB  - Benoxaprofen was previously found to inhibit the random and leucoattractant
      induced migration of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes in vitro by a pro
      oxidative mechanism [1]. In this study the effects of benoxaprofen on the binding
      to PMNL of the synthetic chemotactic tripeptide FMLP, on the oxidative
      inactivation of this leucoattractant by PMNL and on PMNL chemotaxis, chemokinesis
      and orientation in an FMLP gradient have been investigated. At concentrations of
      10(-5) M (3 micrograms/ml) benoxaprofen inhibited PMNL random and leucoattractant
      induced migration and increased PMNL membrane-associated oxidative metabolism and
      cellular auto-oxidation. These effects of benoxaprofen on PMNL migration and auto
      oxidation were prevented by the anti-oxidant cysteine (10(-3) M). Benoxaprofen
      inhibited both FMLP-induced chemotaxis and chemokinesis but did not affect the
      binding of radiolabelled FMLP to PMNL or orientation of the cells in a positive
      gradient of the leucoattractant. Benoxaprofen at concentrations of 5 X 10(-5) M
      significantly increased the oxidative inactivation of FMLP by PMNL. Inhibition of
      PMNL migration by benoxaprofen is mediated by the two different pro-oxidative
      mechanisms, viz. a cell-directed auto-oxidative mechanism and potentiation of the
      oxidative inactivation of leucoattractants by PMNL.

PMID- 4072831
TI  - Some effects of lignocaine on cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - Macrophages were exposed to lignocaine in perifused and non-perifused cultures
      using media with or without foetal calf serum. Effects on morphology, viability,
      phagocytosis and the release of enzymes were assessed. During the period of
      contact with lignocaine there was a selective release of beta-glucuronidase.
      After washing, enzyme release continued over a period of 7 hours and, in the
      absence of foetal calf serum, a decrease in the total beta-glucuronidase content
      was found in non-perifused cultures. Although lignocaine-treated cells
      phagocytosed particulates the rate of enzyme release was reduced compared with
      normal cells when subsequently exposed to quartz.

PMID- 4072832
TI  - Involvement of lymphocytes in non-immune inflammation: dual effect of
      glucocorticoids.
AB  - Leucopenia induced by the administration of methotrexate reduced the volume of
      inflammatory exudate and the number of cells entering the pleural cavity during a
      4-h carrageenin pleurisy when compared with that of non-leucopenic controls. The
      depressed response was partially but markedly restored when leucopenic animals
      were intravenously injected, immediately before the initiation of pleurisy, with
      spleen lymphocytes (or their products) obtained from normal, adrenal-demedullated
      or mock-operated rats. In contrast spleen lymphocytes (or their products)
      obtained from adrenalectomized rats or from rats receiving metyrapone, an
      inhibitor of adrenal glucocorticoid biosynthesis, were completely inactive. It is
      concluded that in physiologic concentrations glucocorticoids are essential for
      the production of lymphocyte-derived factors involved in the development of
      acute, non-immune inflammation. In pharmacologic concentrations, however,
      glucocorticoids suppress the release of such pro-inflammatory factors.

PMID- 4072833
TI  - Differential vulnerability of 3 rapidly conducting somatosensory pathways in the
      dog with vitamin B6 neuropathy.
AB  - In anesthetized dogs with chronically implanted cortical electrodes somatic
      sensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) were produced by electrical stimulation at
      neural, muscular or cutaneous sites of the contralateral hind leg. Stimulation of
      the tibial nerve at the calcaneus or of the short flexor muscles of the hind paw
      caused SEPs having characteristics following activation of rapidly conducting
      afferents from muscle spindles. Stimulation of the glabrous skin of the central
      pad resulted in SEPs arriving after a more protracted latency evidently related
      to activation of afferents from Merkel cells, Krause and Pacinian corpuscles
      known to be located at these sites. Stimulation of the hairy skin from the dorsal
      surface of the hindpaw produced a further type of SEP presumably resulting from
      activation of afferents from receptors of tylotrich hair follicles. Vitamin B6
      induced neuropathy involves the selective degeneration of the largest neurons in
      the spinal ganglia and of associated long peripheral and central neurites
      performing rapid impulse transmission. In the course of vitamin B6 neuropathy the
      relatively slow impulse transmission following stimulation of the central pad was
      more severely impaired than the faster one after activation of afferents from
      muscle spindles or receptors from hair follicles. This allows us to conclude that
      in the dog afferents from the glabrous skin of the central pad conduct centrally
      via the dorsal columns, susceptible to vitamin B6 intoxication, while muscle and
      hair receptor afferents ascend in the dorsal spinocerebellar and spinocervical
      tract, respectively, which are vitamin B6 resistant.

PMID- 4072834
TI  - Protection against acute ethanol toxicity in mice by zinc aspartate, glycols,
      levulose and pyritinol.
AB  - The lethality in mice after an acute intraperitoneal challenge with ethanol could
      be largely prevented by treatment with single doses of zinc aspartate. Other zinc
      salts or aspartates were not or clearly less effective than zinc aspartate.
      Marked protection was also provided by polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol.
      The antagonistic effects of levulose and pyritinol against acute ethanol
      intoxication were confirmed.

PMID- 4072835
TI  - [A statistic study of uveitis with nodular infiltrations at the chamber angle].

PMID- 4072836
TI  - [Epidemiologic study of diabetic preproliferative retinopathy and early stages of
      proliferative retinopathy].

PMID- 4072837
TI  - [Electromyography of the single neuro-muscular unit in human extraocular muscles-
      fixation and saccade].

PMID- 4072838
TI  - [Ocular signs and symptoms associated with paranasal sinus cysts].

PMID- 4072839
TI  - [Comparative study on findings in brain computed tomography (Xray-CT) and dynamic
      topography of VEP (VDT)].

PMID- 4072840
TI  - [The changes in visual field sensitivity accompanied with enlargement of the
      optic cup].

PMID- 4072841
TI  - [Histochemical examination of the granules in the vitreous cells of guinea pigs].

PMID- 4072842
TI  - [Electron microscopic study on the cyst of Toxoplasma gondii in the mouse
      retina].

PMID- 4072843
TI  - [Effect of argon laser photocoagulation on the permeability of the blood-retinal
      barrier].

PMID- 4072844
TI  - [Vitreous surgery in proliferative vitreoretinopathy].

PMID- 4072845
TI  - [Effects of diclofenac sodium on paracentesis-induced miosis and protein rise of
      the aqueous humor].

PMID- 4072846
TI  - [A population study of the poor metabolizers of the debrisoquine type in Japan].

PMID- 4072847
TI  - Gianotti-Crosti syndrome in association with Epstein-Barr virus altered by
      ampicillin.

PMID- 4072848
TI  - Trends of maternal-fetal referrals to UAB.

PMID- 4072849
TI  - The pattern of arteriosclerotic changes in the peripheral arteries and the role
      of physical exercise.

PMID- 4072850
TI  - Localization of obscure breast lesions in the community hospital.

PMID- 4072851
TI  - A bell-shaped curve called 'malpractice'.

PMID- 4072852
TI  - Current management of traumatic injuries to the liver.

PMID- 4072853
TI  - Prognostic indicators in post traumatic stress disorder.

PMID- 4072854
TI  - Interpreters entering public school employment.

PMID- 4072855
TI  - Changing attitudes toward older persons with hearing loss: comparison of two
      audiotapes.

PMID- 4072856
TI  - Psychodramatic treatment for deaf people.

PMID- 4072857
TI  - Development of an exercise program to improve the static and dynamic balance of
      profoundly hearing-impaired children.

PMID- 4072858
TI  - Reliability of the 1973 edition of the SAT-HI over time: implications for
      assessing minority students.

PMID- 4072859
TI  - Reading interests of hearing and hearing-impaired children.

PMID- 4072860
TI  - The facial behavior of deaf signers: evidence of a complex language.

PMID- 4072861
TI  - Toward a dialogue between the paradigms of family therapy and deafness.

PMID- 4072862
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis.
AB  - Maxillary and ethmoid sinusitis may occur at any age. Frontal sinus infections
      first appear in adolescence. The bacteria that cause sinusitis are similar to
      those associated with otitis media. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus
      influenzae are recovered from 50 to 70 percent of isolates. Anaerobes are also
      important pathogens in adults. Fungal sinusitis usually occurs only in diabetics
      or immunosuppressed individuals.

PMID- 4072863
TI  - Histamine H2 antagonists and the nervous system.
AB  - In extensive clinical trials, both cimetidine and ranitidine appeared free of
      central nervous system side effects. The potential for neurologic complications
      became apparent only after these drugs had been subjected to the test of general
      use. The incidence of side effects is generally low, but in the elderly and in
      patients with renal or hepatic failure, both of these drugs can produce
      confusional states. Ranitidine may also cause severe headache.

PMID- 4072864
TI  - Management of PCP intoxication.
AB  - Phencyclidine has a wide range of deleterious effects. Drug users may not even
      know that they have taken PCP since it is so easily disguised. Physicians should
      look for decreased reality testing, erythema, dry skin and other manifestations.
      The varied signs and symptoms of acute intoxication can be dealt with quickly and
      effectively. Management strategies include acidification of the urine and
      diuresis, as well as more specific antidotes, depending on the neurotransmitter
      system most affected.

PMID- 4072865
TI  - Treatment of galactorrhea-amenorrhea.
AB  - A patient complaining of abnormal lactation and amenorrhea should be evaluated
      for a pituitary tumor. The work-up includes a thorough history and physical
      examination, serum prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
      determinations, and radiographic assessment of the pituitary gland. The treatment
      of choice for hyperprolactinemia leading to abnormal lactation is bromocriptine
      mesylate, even when small pituitary tumors are present. Surgery is reserved for
      patients who fail to respond to medical treatment and have tumors larger than 1
      cm.

PMID- 4072866
TI  - Popliteal cysts.
AB  - Popliteal cysts may be formed by the escape of a synovial effusion into one of
      the popliteal bursae. There is usually preexisting knee joint pathology.
      Presenting complaints include pain and swelling in the posterior aspect of the
      knee. The cyst may dissect into the calf between the muscle planes and produce
      pressure on draining lymphatics and veins, resulting in lower leg edema. These
      cysts are often mistakenly treated as deep vein thrombosis.

PMID- 4072867
TI  - Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.

PMID- 4072868
TI  - Thromboembolic disease.

PMID- 4072869
TI  - Health advice for the international traveler.

PMID- 4072870
TI  - What is a "save"?: Outcome measures in clinical evaluations of automatic external
      defibrillators.
AB  - Automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) represent an important technologic
      innovation in the management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. We propose the
      following concept: AEDs are machines with the limited task of ventricular
      fibrillation (VF) identification, countershock delivery, and defibrillation. They
      cannot be expected to produce "saves" independently. This study tested this
      concept by using the same AED in two different emergency medical systems:
      outcomes dependent upon the device should be the same in both groups, whereas
      outcomes dependent upon patient and system factors should be different.
      Paramedics, with the AED as their initial monitor/defibrillator, treated 16
      cardiac arrest patients in VF; EMTs (emergency medical technicians), with the
      same AED, treated 17 patients in VF. There were no significant differences in the
      outcomes proposed to be machine-dependent: sensitivity, defined as the percentage
      of VF rhythm segments shocked; specificity, defined as the percentage of non-VF
      rhythms not shocked; and defibrillation of segments of VF to non-VF rhythms.
      There were, however, differences in the outcomes dependent on patient and system
      factors (paramedic group presented first): percent converted to a perfusing
      rhythm (23% vs 69%; p less than 0.05); percent admitted to the hospital (19% vs
      65%; p less than 0.025); and percent discharged from the hospital (6% vs 29%; p =
      N.S.). We conclude that AEDs should be compared and evaluated on device-dependent
      outcomes and not on the basis of producing "saves".

PMID- 4072871
TI  - Long-term follow-up of survivors of prehospital sudden cardiac death treated with
      coronary bypass surgery.
AB  - Although coronary artery bypass surgery is beneficial to patients with severe
      coronary artery disease, its role in preventing the recurrence of prehospital
      cardiac arrest in patients is not clear. In this article, we report on the long
      term follow-up of 49 survivors of prehospital coronary arrest who had coronary
      artery bypass surgery. Prior to their prehospital cardiac arrest, 14% of the
      patients had a history of unstable angina. Coronary angiograms obtained after
      prehospital cardiac arrest showed that 71% of the patients had three-vessel
      coronary artery disease and 6% had single-vessel disease. The mean left
      ventricular ejection fraction was 45%. There were four postoperative deaths;
      three were caused by pump failure, and one was caused by refractory ventricular
      arrhythmias. After a maximum follow-up period of 102 months (mean of 55.4
      months), there were seven cardiac deaths; five of the patients died of recurrent
      ventricular fibrillation, and two patients' deaths were related to refractory
      heart failure. Actuarial analyses of the 49 patients showed that the probability
      of survival at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, and 5 years was 92%, 92%, 89%,
      82%, and 72%, respectively. After surgery, 35 of the 45 patients who were
      discharged from the hospital were asymptomatic, and 23 of the 32 patients who
      were employed when their prehospital cardiac arrest occurred returned to their
      employment. We concluded that coronary artery bypass surgery is beneficial to
      certain survivors of prehospital sudden death. After surgery, most patients are
      asymptomatic and capable of returning to their employment and the recurrence of
      prehospital sudden death is low.

PMID- 4072872
TI  - Electrophysiologic testing in patients with recurrent syncope: are results
      predicted by prior ambulatory monitoring?
AB  - Syncope is a common medical problem which can result from many etiologies,
      including cardiac dysrhythmias. Because ambulatory monitoring usually fails to
      capture a syncopal episode, electrophysiologic testing has been used to elucidate
      dysrhythmic mechanisms in patients with recurrent syncope. To assess whether
      findings on ambulatory monitoring not obtained during syncope can be used to
      indicate the results which are found on electrophysiologic testing in patients
      with recurrent syncope, we reviewed the ambulatory monitoring records of 59 such
      patients referred for electrophysiologic testing. Although 29 patients had
      abnormalities on electrophysiologic testing, 13 of which were severe, in only six
      were the findings suggested by the abnormalities recorded during ambulatory
      monitoring. Twenty-one patients actually had concordance between
      electrophysiologic testing and ambulatory monitoring results, but in 15 of the 21
      results of both tests were normal. Severe abnormalities were more frequently
      detected in our patient population by electrophysiologic testing than by
      ambulatory monitoring, especially if patients had organic heart disease.

PMID- 4072873
TI  - Initial and long-term outpatient experience with lorcainide for suppression of
      malignant and potentially malignant ventricular arrhythmias.
AB  - There is a need for effective, well-tolerated antiarrhythmic agents, particularly
      those effective by both intravenous and oral routes. Lorcainide, a new
      antiarrhythmic drug with such properties, was given long-term orally to 24
      patients controlled initially with intravenous therapy--19 with frequent (greater
      than 1/min) complex premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) on a baseline 24-hour
      Holter monitor and five with ongoing sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or
      frequent paroxysmal sustained VT, for a mean of 13 months (range 0.03 to 39.4
      months). Long-term lorcainide was given in divided doses of 200 to 800 mg/day
      (median 260, mean 269 +/- 90 mg/day). Response to long-term lorcainide therapy
      was assessed at a mean of both 26 days and 12.2 months. Frequency of PVCs on
      baseline averaged 13,490/24 hours (median 10,578, range 2,115 to 61,716);
      couplets averaged 309/24 hours (median 166, range 0 to 5,686), and runs averaged
      33/24 hours (median 30, range 0 to 2,951). Median frequency of PVCs decreased by
      94% (p much less than 0.001) and 97% (p less than 0.01) at the first and second
      lorcainide efficacy assessments, respectively. Couplets decreased by a median of
      99% (p much less than 0.001) and 100% (p less than 0.005) at the first and second
      assessments, respectively. Runs were suppressed by a median of 100% at both
      evaluations (p much less than 0.001). Only three (16%) of the patients with
      complex PVCs failed to respond to therapy. No recurrence during lorcainide has
      been noted in the five patients with ongoing sustained VT or recurrent episodes
      of VT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4072874
TI  - Comparative efficacy and safety of short-acting and sustained release quinidine
      in the treatment of patients with ventricular arrhythmias.
AB  - A comparative, fixed-dose, parallel, randomized, blinded trial to define the
      efficacy and safety of a new once-a-day quinidine preparation, Quiniday, at 1200
      mg per day, was compared to quinidine sulfate (as Quinora, 300 mg four times
      daily, and Quinidex Extentabs, 600 mg twice daily) and to quinidine gluconate (as
      Quinaglute Dura-Tabs, 648 mg twice daily). After placebo washout from all prior
      antiarrhythmic agents, 76 patients with at least 30 ventricular premature
      complexes (VPCs)/hr on 48-hour ambulatory monitoring were randomized to 3 weeks
      of treatment with one of the four study drugs. There was no difference in the
      etiologic, demographic, New York Heart Association therapeutic classification, or
      ventricular arrhythmia frequency at baseline between the patients randomized to
      the four groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the
      percent efficacy for VPC reduction on any drug compared to baseline or in the
      percent efficacy of reduction in beats of ventricular tachycardia. There was no
      difference between the four agents in terms of types of side effects noted nor in
      their overall prevalence or need for premature discontinuation of therapy. This
      study demonstrated that a variety of quinidine preparations exist that do not
      differ in terms of their efficacy or safety, but that a long-acting, once-a-day
      preparation (Quiniday) was as effective and safe as other forms of quinidine
      despite its once-a-day dosing schedule. More compliant dosing regimens with
      effective well-known antiarrhythmic agents are important in the treatment of
      patients with potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias, in the hope that sudden
      cardiac death can be prevented.

PMID- 4072875
TI  - Comparative efficacy and safety of oral cibenzoline and quinidine in ventricular
      arrhythmias: a randomized crossover study.
AB  - We compared the clinical efficacy and safety of oral cibenzoline and quinidine in
      13 patients with complex ventricular arrhythmias using a randomized, open-label,
      crossover study. Employing an incremental dose titration protocol, cibenzoline
      (130 mg twice daily and 160 mg twice daily) and quinidine (300 mg every 6 hours
      and 400 mg every 6 hours) were administered for 7 days at each dose level, with
      preceding washout periods. ECG intervals, total number of ventricular premature
      depolarizations (VPDs), ventricular pairs (VP), and ventricular tachycardia (VT)
      events were analyzed at control on cibenzoline and on quinidine. Suppression of
      VPDs was comparable on both drugs (cibenzoline--six patients; quinidine--five
      patients). Mean serum quinidine concentration was 2.6 +/- 1.2 micrograms/ml, and
      plasma cibenzoline concentration was 0.48 +/- 0.27 micrograms/ml. Significant
      clinical and laboratory toxicity was more frequent with quinidine than with
      cibenzoline (p less than 0.05). Chronic cibenzoline therapy maintained long-term
      arrhythmia suppression in five of six responders (mean follow-up, 23 +/- 12
      weeks). We conclude that cibenzoline and quinidine are equally effective for
      control of ventricular arrhythmias. Cibenzoline has a more desirable dosing
      regimen, superior safety profile, and better patient tolerance than quinidine.

PMID- 4072876
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of intravenous flecainide in acute noncomplicated myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - Hemodynamic and ECG effects of intravenous flecainide were assessed in 10
      patients with acute myocardial infarction and no symptoms or signs of heart
      failure. The dose was 2 mg/kg injected over a 15-minute period. R-R interval did
      not change, but PR interval and QRS increased significantly, 28% (p less than
      0.0005) and 20% (p less than 0.05), respectively. Duration of P wave also
      increased significantly, 15% (p less than 0.02). Pulmonary wedge pressure
      increased 29% (p less than 0.005) and cardiac index and left ventricular stroke
      work index decreased 9% (p less than 0.05) and 20% (p less than 0.05),
      respectively. No significant change in mean aortic pressure and systemic vascular
      resistance occurred. Thus, intravenous flecainide has a mild and transient
      negative inotropic effect in patients with noncomplicated acute myocardial
      infarction. It did not induce ventricular failure in this group of patients but
      should be administered cautiously to patients with overt heart failure or severe
      conduction defects.

PMID- 4072877
TI  - M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic analysis of the septum in
      experimental right ventricular infarction: correlation with hemodynamic
      alterations.
AB  - We investigated the changes that occur in the shape and the motion of the
      ventricular septum in experimental right ventricular (RV) infarction with M-mode
      and two-dimensional echocardiography. The echocardiographic findings were
      correlated with the hemodynamic alterations. Right ventricular infarction was
      produced by mercury embolization of the right coronary artery in five
      anesthetized closed-chest dogs. After embolization, the transseptal end-diastolic
      left-right ventricular pressure gradient reversed (3 +/- 1) to -1 +/- 1 mm Hg, p
      less than 0.001). The septal shape was altered by the flattening of the septum at
      end-diastole and a return to the normal septal shape during systole. Systolic
      septal motion was reversed after embolization (1 mm toward the left ventricle
      before embolization to 3 mm toward the RV after embolization, p less than 0.01).
      Septal thickening was not altered. We concluded that isolated RV free wall
      infarction results in the reversal of the transseptal end-diastolic pressure
      gradient and is associated with the flattening of the septum at end-diastole.
      During systole, the septum returns to its normal shape and moves toward the RV.
      In addition, systolic septal thickening is preserved. The motion of the septum
      toward the RV, together with normal septal thickening, may provide mechanical
      assistance to RV ejection with RV free wall infarction.

PMID- 4072878
TI  - Accuracy of biplane axial oblique and oblique cineangiographic left ventricular
      cast volume determinations using a modification of Simpson's rule algorithm.
AB  - In order to compare biplane left ventricular cast volume determinations from
      orthogonal and nonorthogonal axial oblique and standard orthogonal oblique
      cineangiograms to those that were obtained by water (H2O) displacement, we
      evaluated 14 human heart specimens in the following projections: 30-degree right
      anterior oblique and 60-degree left anterior oblique/20-degree cranial (LVa), 45
      degree left posterior oblique and 60-degree left anterior oblique/30-degree
      cranial (LVb), and 30-degree right anterior oblique and 60-degree left anterior
      oblique (LVc). The correlation coefficients and standard errors of the estimate
      (SEEs) for the biplane orthogonal and nonorthogonal axial oblique (LVa and LVb,
      respectively) and standard orthogonal oblique (LVc) cineangiographic left
      ventricular volume determinations compared with the left ventricular cast volumes
      obtained by H2O displacement were similar (each r = 0.99 with SEEs = 5 to 7
      milliliters (ml)). However, the mean biplane cineangiographic cast volume of 69
      +/- 43 ml (SD) by LVa exceeded the average left ventricular cast volume of 60 +/-
      35 ml by H2O displacement (p less than 0.01), while the average left ventricular
      cast volumes obtained with LVb and LVc (63 +/- 35, and 60 +/- 34 ml,
      respectively) did not differ significantly from the mean left ventricular cast
      volume obtained by H2O displacement. We concluded that the biplane orthogonal and
      nonorthogonal axial oblique cineangiographic views of the left ventricle, which
      have been reported to improve the delineation of cardiac anatomy, left
      ventricular regional wall motion, and the assessment of mitral regurgitation,
      also provide accurate determinations of left ventricular volume that are similar
      to those calculated from standard biplane orthogonal oblique cineangiograms.

PMID- 4072879
TI  - Clinical evaluation of left ventricular function using the cardiac helical fiber
      model: an echocardiographic study.
AB  - The cardiac helical fiber concept was introduced in 1969 and was shown
      mathematically to provide better approximations of normal ejection fractions
      compared with the conventional circumferential fiber model. The clinical
      applicability of this concept was evaluated noninvasively by M-mode and two
      dimensional echocardiography in 55 subjects: 10 with aortic insufficiency, 10
      with congestive cardiomyopathy, eight with hypertension, eight who were long
      distance runners, 12 who were active and seven who were sedentary normals.
      Comparison of myocardial shortening by the circumferential and helical fiber
      models showed that the former discriminated only two groups of subjects, while
      endocardial and epicardial helical shortening discriminated three and four
      groups, respectively. Regression analyses suggest that more than 90% (r2 = 0.92)
      of variation in ejection fraction may be accounted for by variation in
      endocardial shortening, and that more than 75% (r2 = 0.77) of variation in
      observed endocardial shortening may be accounted for by variation in epicardial
      contraction. The study demonstrates that the helical fiber length concept may be
      useful for the noninvasive evaluation of left ventricular function in man.

PMID- 4072880
TI  - Comparative diagnostic value of exercise polarcardiography and 14-lead
      electrocardiography in the detection of coronary artery disease.
AB  - Early postexercise polarcardiographic (PCG) changes in the ST segment vector, as
      reflected in the variable MS X theta, are reported to clearly distinguish normal
      subjects from those with myocardial ischemia. We prospectively assessed the value
      of this test in detecting coronary artery disease (CAD) during treadmill exercise
      in 178 patients within 1 week of diagnostic coronary angiography. The average
      postexercise MS X theta was 16.9 +/- 9.7 mV degrees in patients with CAD, whereas
      it was 16.2 +/- 10.2 mV degrees in patients with CAD (p = NS). The optimal ratio
      of sensitivity to specificity, using different normal-abnormal cutoff values, was
      57% and 56%, respectively, for a delineating MS X theta value of 12. The
      sensitivity and specificity of a simultaneously recorded 14-lead ECG using the
      criterion of exercise-induced horizontal downsloping ST segment depression
      greater than or equal to 0.1 mV, was 71% and 78%, respectively. The PCG results
      were not improved by analyzing MS X theta during exercise, or by analyzing the
      difference in MS X theta between rest and exercise or rest and postexercise. The
      sensitivity of the PCG for multivessel or left anterior descending CAD was higher
      than for less severe forms of CAD, but was significantly less sensitive than the
      14-lead exercise ECG (70% versus 84%; p = 0.02; and 62% versus 75%; p = 0.05,
      respectively). Thus, exercise polarcardiography, as employed in the present
      study, does not improve the diagnostic content of the 14-lead exercise ECG.
      Contrary to previous reports, there is no clear separation of normal from
      abnormal MS X theta values when a prospective series of patients is tested.

PMID- 4072881
TI  - Permanent cardiac pacing in patients on chronic renal dialysis.
AB  - We reviewed the need for permanent pacemaker implantation in patients with
      chronic renal failure who were undergoing dialysis. During a 10-year span, there
      were seven patients undergoing dialysis in whom a permanent pacemaker was
      indicated; this was an incidence of 0.68%. During that same period, the general
      patient population of this hospital had an incidence of permanent pacemaker
      implantation of about 0.29%. The need for hemodialysis in the same hospital
      population was 0.51%. Of the seven patients, four had universal pacemakers.
      Cardiac function was evaluated via radionuclide angiography. Three of the four
      patients showed improvement with dual-chambered pacing over ventricular pacing.
      Permanent pacemaker implantation was often needed after initiation of dialysis
      from 6 to 51 months with a mean of 21 months. During the follow-up period, three
      patients died from 7 months to 6 years after the institution of permanent pacing;
      their deaths were secondary to renal disease.

PMID- 4072882
TI  - Effects of verapamil on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of digitoxin in
      patients.
AB  - Investigations by various teams have shown that combined treatment with verapamil
      and digoxin may result in a marked increase in digoxin plasma concentrations,
      necessitating a reduction in the dose of digoxin. This is mainly due to an
      impairment of the renal digoxin excretion. Unlike digoxin, the excretion of
      digitoxin is independent of renal function. A prospective clinical study was
      therefore planned to investigate the influence of a daily dose of 240 mg of
      verapamil on pharmacokinetics and the cardiac effect of digitoxin after a single
      dose (n = 3) and under steady-state conditions (n = 10). While pretreatment with
      verapamil did not alter pharmacokinetics of digitoxin in the single-dose study,
      there was a slight rise of digitoxin plasma concentrations (an average of 35% in
      8 out of 10 patients) following administration of verapamil for a period of 4 to
      6 weeks. Renal excretion of digitoxin, however, was not changed significantly.
      Simultaneous with a rise of digitoxin plasma concentrations and until a new
      steady state was reached, PQ interval was prolonged and T wave flattening
      intensified. On the other hand, the antagonistic effect on contractility which
      was initially observed after verapamil administration was diminished. Based on
      these observations, it can be concluded that the risk of digitalis overdose after
      combined treatment with verapamil and digitoxin may be less pronounced than after
      digoxin, and that this glycoside can prove a valuable alternative.

PMID- 4072883
TI  - Digital signal and image processing in echocardiography. The American Society of
      Echocardiography.
AB  - Digital signal and image processing techniques are acquiring an increasingly
      important role in the generation and analysis of cardiac images. This is
      particularly true of 2D echocardiography, in which image acquisition,
      manipulation, and storage within the echocardiograph, as well as quantitative
      analysis of echocardiographic data by means of "off-line" systems, depend upon
      digital techniques. The increasing role of computers in echocardiography makes it
      essential that echocardiographers and technologists understand the basic
      principles of digital techniques applied to echocardiographic instrumentation and
      data analysis. In this article, we have discussed digital techniques as applied
      to image generation (digital scan conversion, preprocessing, and postprocessing)
      as well as to the analysis of image data (computer-assisted border detection, 3D
      reconstruction, tissue characterization, and contrast echocardiography); a
      general introduction to off-line analysis systems was also given. Experience with
      other cardiac imaging methods indicates that digital techniques will likely play
      a dominant role in the future of echocardiographic imaging.

PMID- 4072884
TI  - Detection and sizing of myocardial ischemia and infarction by nuclear magnetic
      resonance imaging in the canine heart.
AB  - The usefulness of NMR imaging to size infarcted and hypoperfused, ischemic
      myocardium was assessed in 16 dogs which underwent coronary artery occlusion and
      reperfusion. During occlusion, technetium-99 microspheres were injected into the
      left atrium. Following death, the hearts were excised and underwent NMR imaging
      with a 0.35 tesla magnet, using multiple spin-echo pulse sequences. The
      epicardium of the heart was marked to indicate the level of the NMR cross
      sectional tomographic image. The heart was subsequently breadloafed into 5 mm
      sections and the corresponding NMR cross-section was flagged for analysis.
      Autoradiography was performed to measure the hypoperfused, at-risk zone, and
      triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to measure infarct size. For the
      flagged tomographic slice, the size of the NMR abnormality correlated well (r =
      0.95), and was comparable to the actual hypoperfused, at-risk zone of the left
      ventricle. However, NMR estimates of infarct size correlated less well (r = 0.75)
      with the pathologic measure, and significantly overestimated actual infarct size
      (p less than 0.005). The T1 and T2 values were consistently increased (p less
      than 0.0005) in both the hypoperfused and infarct zones, compared to normal
      myocardium. We conclude that NMR imaging can detect acute myocardial ischemia and
      infarction, but overestimates infarct size and corresponds better to the area of
      hypoperfused, ischemic myocardium. In this excised canine heart occlusion
      reperfusion model, the NMR abnormality corresponded best to the area including
      both infarction and the surrounding ischemic region.

PMID- 4072885
TI  - Diagnosis of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm by pulsed Doppler echocardiography.

PMID- 4072886
TI  - Atrial myxoma presenting as acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4072887
TI  - Echocardiographic features of tetralogy of Fallot with an accessory tricuspid
      valve leaflet.

PMID- 4072888
TI  - Remission of angina pectoris: correlation with the stress thallium-201 test.

PMID- 4072889
TI  - Intravascular steerable guidewire for fiberoptic laser-heated metal cautery cap
      in dissolution of human atherosclerotic coronary disease.

PMID- 4072890
TI  - Contrast echocardiography by protein-carbonate foam.

PMID- 4072891
TI  - Abrasion perforation of intra-aortic balloons.

PMID- 4072892
TI  - Occult arrhythmias and syncope in children.

PMID- 4072893
TI  - Pulmonary and subclavian steal following Blalock-Taussig shunt.

PMID- 4072894
TI  - LV outflow tract obstruction in complete transposition of great arteries.

PMID- 4072895
TI  - Isoproterenol in cardiac tamponade.

PMID- 4072896
TI  - Pulmonic valve infective endocarditis.

PMID- 4072897
TI  - Acute myocardial infarction and gender-related prognosis.

PMID- 4072898
TI  - Myocardial phosphocreatine rebound following reversible ischemia.

PMID- 4072899
TI  - Neutropenia and procainamide.

PMID- 4072900
TI  - Anticoagulant therapy in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4072902
TI  - Thrombectomy for obstructed Bjork-Shiley mitral prosthesis.

PMID- 4072901
TI  - Lung density and pulmonary edema.

PMID- 4072904
TI  - Transcatheter ablation: safety and convenience modifications.

PMID- 4072903
TI  - Asymptomatic giant RV myxoma.

PMID- 4072905
TI  - The "false positive" exercise electrocardiogram: value of time course patterns in
      assessment of depressed ST segments and inverted T waves.

PMID- 4072906
TI  - 1985 NIOSH National Symposium on the Prevention of Work-Related Diseases and
      Injuries.

PMID- 4072907
TI  - Yant memorial lecture. The rationale of biological monitoring of chemicals--with
      special reference to metals.

PMID- 4072908
TI  - Phthalate ester exposure--air levels and health of workers processing
      polyvinylchloride.
AB  - Exposure to phthalic acid esters (PAE; mainly di-(2-ethylhexyl), diisodecyl and
      butylbenzyl phthalates) of workers in a polyvinyl chloride processing industry
      ranged from 0.02 to 2 mg/m3 in different job categories. The workers excreted
      slightly but significantly higher levels of PAE metabolites in urine than
      controls. In 54 workers studied clinically, there were no indications of
      peripheral nerve or respiratory system effects. Some biochemical tests were
      abnormal; these should be studied further.

PMID- 4072909
TI  - Determining exposure categories for a refinery retrospective cohort mortality
      study.
AB  - This paper describes and compares two methods used to assign exposure categories
      to 10,766 petroleum refinery employees included in an epidemiological study. The
      first scheme grouped individuals into six organization (OR) job groups:
      Administrative, Maintenance, Operations, Laboratory, General and Other. This
      scheme used "most common administrative department," as determined by
      computerized job histories. For the second classification scheme, "most common
      job title" and "most common plant location" were used to group individuals in
      four ways (IH codes): 1)job type (administrative, maintenance, operations and
      unknown); 2) contact with refinery processes; 3) exposure to light aromatics; and
      4) exposure to heavy oils. Exposure categories for the latter three were none,
      occasional, routine and unknown. Comparison of the two schemes showed that OR job
      groups developed from administrative job histories were sometimes useful in
      classifying employees according to refinery exposures. While OR job groups were
      acceptable for employees clearly in managerial, maintenance or operations
      positions, IH codes provided more precise exposure profiles for these three
      relatively homogeneous groups. For individuals in laboratory positions and those
      with vague or unspecified department codes (23% of this cohort), the IH
      classification codes were necessary to group employees by job and exposure.

PMID- 4072910
TI  - Fluoride exposure from hydrofluoric acid in a motor gasoline alkylation unit.
AB  - To assess the possible health risks associated with occupational exposure to
      gaseous fluoride, air and biological monitoring surveys were carried out at a
      motor gasoline alkylation unit within an oil refinery. Pre- and post-shift
      urinary fluoride measurements were obtained from 27 male operators and
      maintenance workers attached to the plant; personal fluoride-in-air monitoring
      was carried out simultaneously for 23 of these men. All readings were below NIOSH
      recommendations and Australian exposure standards. Significant exposure
      identified by changes in urine level during the shift could be demonstrated only
      in sub-groups of workers whose jobs involved higher routine exposures. No
      significant correlation between air levels and changes in urinary fluoride during
      the shift could be demonstrated. This survey indicates that the workers in this
      plant are not at risk of chronic fluorosis.

PMID- 4072911
TI  - An accidental discharge of a Halon 1301 total flooding fire extinguishing system.
AB  - An accidental discharge of a total flooding Halon 1301 fire extinguishing system
      is described. The release of the Halon was accompanied by a sudden very loud
      noise, considerable air turbulence and a dense fog, resulting in worker anxiety
      and loss of visibility. The workers in the area at the time of the discharge
      reported higher frequencies of lightheadedness, headache, nasal complaints and
      disorientation than those entering the area later. Halon 1301 usually is regarded
      as having a low toxicity, although at concentrations above those used in occupied
      spaces, effects on consciousness and cardiac rhythm have been reported. In the
      present report no significant illness or injury due to the Halon exposure was
      found. A fine oily deposit found on horizontal surfaces in the area subsequent to
      the discharge consisted of mineral oil and iron, suggesting that this material
      was scoured out of the piping as the Halon discharged. The disorientation and
      anxiety produced by an accidental discharge can be minimized through education
      programs designed to ensure that personnel know what to expect and how to abort
      the discharge if it results from a false alarm. Situations leading to triggering
      of fire detectors by events other than fires should be investigated and reduced.

PMID- 4072912
TI  - A program for control of repetitive trauma disorders associated with hand tool
      operations in a telecommunications manufacturing facility.
AB  - This paper summarizes efforts to control the incidence and severity of repetitive
      trauma disorders associated with hand tool operations in a telecommunications
      manufacturing facility with 6,600 employees. Repetitive trauma disorders-
      including strains, tendinitis, ganglions and carpal tunnel syndrome--were the
      leading cause of lost time and workers' compensation expenses at this plant in
      1979. The plant-wide incidence rate of OSHA reportable repetitive trauma
      disorders was 2.2 cases per 200,000 workhours and resulted in 1,001 lost
      workdays. Incidence rates as high as 4.6 were reported in some areas, but were
      believed to be much higher among persons who actually perform repetitive work in
      these areas. In the spring of 1981, the plant safety and health committee
      undertook a control program that included creation of a task force, a training
      program, improvements in the design of workstations and tooling, and management
      of restricted workers. During 1982, the incidence rate of repetitive motion
      disorders has decreased to .53 cases per 200,000 workhours and resulted in only
      129 lost workdays.

PMID- 4072913
TI  - Residence time model for respirator sorbent beds.
AB  - An experimental bed residence time model has been developed to characterize the
      performance of sorbent beds in removing gaseous contaminants. This model is
      applicable to both adsorption and chemisorption processes. The fundamental
      characteristics produced can be used to predict the performance of respirator
      cartridges and canisters over a wide range of operating conditions. A family of
      performance curves can be constructed for a specific product type for application
      in determining minimum service life and renewal frequency. This model is
      described in terms of a dynamic sorption concept, and is demonstrated using ASC I
      carbon and sulfur dioxide in air at concentrations of 500 ppm, 1000 ppm and 5000
      ppm. Adsorption data is also provided for carbon tetrachloride. The effects of
      bed depth and superficial velocity reduce to a unique relationship between
      breakthrough time and bed residence time. The influences of moisture,
      concentration and heat transfer at the walls of the sorbent containment have all
      been investigated in this study. The dynamic sulfur dioxide capacity of ASC I
      carbon was found to increase significantly at increasing levels of adsorbed
      moisture for decreasing sulfur dioxide concentrations. The interrelation of
      moisture and concentration of sulfur dioxide produces a secondary removal
      mechanism for which the chemistry is briefly described.

PMID- 4072915
TI  - A simplified method for the determination of hydrogen sulfide in the work
      environment.
AB  - A convenient method for the determination of hydrogen sulfide in air has been
      developed in which the gas is first collected by aspirating a measured volume of
      air through a solution of diluted sodium hydroxide and ethanol and subsequently
      analyzed spectrophotometrically.

PMID- 4072914
TI  - Generation of constant formaldehyde levels for inhalation studies.
AB  - Development of the described formaldehyde generator was undertaken to provide
      researchers engaged in inhalation studies with the capability to produce constant
      and controllable levels of formaldehyde in air. Depolymerization of purified
      paraformaldehyde under rigorously controlled conditions in a modified Freeland
      calibration manifold is employed. The desired formaldehyde concentration in the
      exposure chamber is achieved by adding an appropriate fraction of the generator
      effluent to the normal air supply to the chamber. Variation in generator
      formaldehyde concentration is less than +/- 11% over a three-day period and less
      than +/- 2% over short periods (36 seconds).

PMID- 4072916
TI  - Ice-water washcloth rather than facial immersion (diving reflex) for
      supraventricular tachycardia in adults.

PMID- 4072917
TI  - The origin of giant U waves.

PMID- 4072918
TI  - Postextrasystolic potentiation during acute myocardial infarction: predicting
      presence of viable myocardium.

PMID- 4072919
TI  - Multiple risk factor intervention trial.

PMID- 4072920
TI  - Assessment of amrinone.

PMID- 4072921
TI  - Evaluation of coronary collateral circulation.

PMID- 4072922
TI  - Frequency of pericardial effusion by M-mode echocardiography after acute
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4072923
TI  - Cold-induced immersion injury.

PMID- 4072924
TI  - Subcritical coronary stenosis.

PMID- 4072925
TI  - Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP): antihypertensive efficacy of
      chlorthalidone.
AB  - The Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP) is a randomized, blinded
      test of the efficacy of antihypertensive drug treatment. In a large feasibility
      trial, 551 men and women who had isolated systolic hypertension and were at least
      60 years old received chlorthalidone (25 to 50 mg/day) or matching placebo as the
      step I drug. After 1 year, 83% of the chlorthalidone group and 80% of the placebo
      group were still taking SHEP medications. Of those still taking chlorthalidone,
      88% had reached goal blood pressure (BP) without requiring a step II drug, and
      most had responded to the lower dose (25 mg/day). The BP response was similar in
      all age, sex and race subgroups, with an overall mean difference between
      randomized groups of 17 mm Hg for systolic BP (p less than 0.001) and 6 mm Hg for
      diastolic BP (p less than 0.001). The only common adverse effects were
      asymptomatic changes in the serum levels of potassium (0.5 mEq/liter lower in the
      chlorthalidone group, p less than 0.001), uric acid (0.9 mg/dl higher, p less
      than 0.001) and creatinine (0.08 mg/dl higher, p = 0.02). This study indicates
      that chlorthalidone is effective for lowering BP in elderly patients with
      systolic hypertension and sets the stage for a larger trial of the effects of
      such treatment on the incidence of cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 4072926
TI  - Ventricular performance in human hearts aged 61 to 73 years.
AB  - The effects of increasing and decreasing cardiac preload by 15% on the left
      ventricular (LV) performance of 11 carefully screened normal subjects aged 61 to
      73 years were examined. Comparisons were made with 11 subjects aged 21 to 28
      years. Two-dimensional echocardiograms were obtained before and at the
      termination of 5 degrees of head-down tilt for 90 minutes and at the termination
      of graded lower body negative pressure to -40 mm Hg. Heart rates and blood
      pressures were unchanged after physiologic interventions. Changes in LV end
      diastolic and stroke volumes were similar but of a smaller magnitude in the older
      subjects compared with changes in younger subjects. When LV end-diastolic volumes
      obtained at each extreme of preload variation were compared, the range of mean
      change was less in the older (23 ml, 26%) than in the younger subjects (31 ml,
      41%). Control LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were greater in the older
      subjects. This study shows that despite larger control LV volumes, alterations in
      preload produce changes in the LV end-diastolic and stroke volumes of these older
      subjects that conform to the normal LV function curve, but that these responses
      are diminished compared with changes in younger subjects, suggesting an age
      related change in diastolic stiffness.

PMID- 4072927
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to examine the right ventricle and
      pulmonary arteries in 17 patients with pulmonary artery (PA) hypertension
      documented by cardiac catheterization. The study population consisted of 7
      patients with primary pulmonary hypertension, 7 with Eisenmenger's syndrome and 3
      with pulmonary hypertension secondary to lung disease. The MRI studies of
      patients were compared with those of 10 normal volunteers. Multislice gated
      transaxial images encompassed the right ventricle and central pulmonary arteries,
      showing the severity of right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy in proportion to the
      elevation of PA pressure and reversal of septal curvature when PA pressure
      approximated systemic pressure. End-diastolic RV wall thickness and mean
      pulmonary pressure correlated well (r = 0.79). MRI showed enlargement of PAs in
      all patients with PA hypertension. A magnetic resonance signal was present in the
      PAs throughout the cardiac cycle in patients with severe PA hypertension (more
      than 90 mm Hg) and was absent during systole in normal subjects. A signal within
      the PAs in systole is consistent with decreased flow velocity in patients with
      severe PA hypertension. MRI was useful in detecting each of the congenital
      anatomic defects in patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome. This study indicates
      the potential of MRI for evaluating the severity of PA hypertension by providing
      direct measurements of RV wall thickness and PA diameter and by detecting
      abnormal intraluminal signal intensity during the cardiac cycle.

PMID- 4072928
TI  - Early cardiac changes related to radiation therapy.
AB  - To investigate the incidence and severity of possible radiation-induced cardiac
      changes, 21 women without heart disease were investigated serially by
      echocardiography and by measuring systolic time intervals before and up to 6
      months after postoperative radiation therapy because of breast cancer. Radiation
      was associated with a decrease in fractional systolic shortening of the left
      ventricular (LV) minor-axis diameter, from 0.35 +/- 0.05 to 0.32 +/- 0.06 (p less
      than 0.005), and in the systolic blood pressure/end-systolic diameter ratio, from
      4.4 +/- 1.2 to 3.9 +/- 0.9 mm Hg/mm (p less than 0.005). The mitral E point
      septal separation increased, from 2.8 +/- 1.5 to 4.2 +/- 2.5 mm (p less than
      0.005). The preejection period/LV ejection time ratio of systolic time intervals
      increased, but only the decrease within 6 months after therapy was significant (p
      less than 0.005). All these changes reflect slight transient depression of LV
      function, which became normalized within 6 months after therapy. Up to 6 months
      after therapy, a slight pericardial effusion was found in 33% of the patients.
      Hence, conventional radiation therapy appeared to cause an acute transient and
      usually symptomless decrease in LV function, and later, slight pericardial
      effusion in one-third of the patients.

PMID- 4072929
TI  - Nd-YAG laser fusion of human atheromatous plaque-arterial wall separations in
      vitro.
AB  - The hypothesis that thermal fusion of disrupted layers of atheromatous arterial
      wall can be achieved with a neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd-YAG) laser was
      tested. Fresh postmortem human atheromatous plaque was separated from the
      underlying arterial wall to simulate a dissection in 1-cm2 arterial wall
      sections. With the plaque and underlying arterial wall subsequently compressed
      between glass slides, 17 W of continuous-wave Nd-YAG laser radiation were
      delivered through an optical fiber to the luminal surface of the plaque over a 4
      mm2 area. Fusion of the plaque to the underlying arterial wall invariably
      occurred when tissue compression was applied during lasing and a thin blood film
      was present between the tissues. The load supported by tissue welds depended on
      plaque thickness, plaque composition, and exposure duration and was as great as
      25 g. In postmortem, blood-filled, whole-artery segments, in which plaque had
      been completely separated from the media, this technique was applied
      intraluminally during angioplasty with a prototype balloon catheter. Lateral
      dispersion of Nd-YAG radiation from the termination of an optical fiber within
      the balloon allowed fusion of plaque to the underlying arterial wall during
      balloon inflation to 2 atm. Histologic examination of laser-treated tissues
      showed coagulation of tissues at the junction between the intimal plaque and
      media. It is concluded that thermal fusion of separated layers of atheromatous
      arterial wall can be achieved with Nd-YAG laser irradiation. This concept may be
      useful in the treatment of arterial dissections.

PMID- 4072930
TI  - Circulatory effects of coffee in relation to the pharmacokinetics of caffeine.
AB  - Drinking coffee results in an increase in blood pressure (BP) after an interval
      of caffeine abstinence. During chronic caffeine intake this pressor response
      disappears and adaptation to the circulatory effects of caffeine develops. This
      study was designed to determine whether a pressor response to coffee occurs
      during chronic caffeine intake if low basal plasma caffeine levels are achieved
      by a period of caffeine abstinence, defined by individual plasma caffeine half
      life. In 8 normotensive subjects, circulatory measurements were studied after
      ingestion of coffee in 2 strengths, decaffeinated coffee and hot water after a
      caffeine abstinence of 4.5 times individual caffeine half-life. These
      measurements were compared to the same protocol without intervention. Coffee of
      both strengths resulted in a similar increase in BP (diastolic BP +/- 15%). The
      coffee-induced increase in forearm blood flow and plasma epinephrine levels were
      less pronounced. Decaffeinated coffee induced a smaller increase of diastolic BP,
      and after water, no changes were observed. Additionally, a negative correlation
      was found between the coffee-induced BP increase and basal plasma caffeine level
      in a group of 30 normotensive subjects (r = -0.71, p less than 0.001). During
      chronic caffeine intake, subjects with short plasma caffeine half-life are
      exposed to a pressor response after drinking coffee, despite the phenomenon of
      adaptation.

PMID- 4072931
TI  - Myocardial kinetics of thallium-201 after stress in normal and perfusion-reduced
      canine myocardium.
AB  - Despite the emerging use of quantitative computer programs for assessing
      myocardial thallium uptake and clearance after exercise, little is known about
      the kinetics of thallium after exercise stress. Accordingly, 11 mongrel dogs with
      experimental left anterior descending coronary stenoses were given thallium
      during norepinephrine infusion to simulate exercise. The infusion was
      discontinued and thallium activity was monitored regionally using miniature
      radiation detectors for 3 hours. Heart rate, arterial pressure and double product
      all increased significantly during norepinephrine infusion. The mean fractional
      myocardial thallium clearance was lower (0.47 +/- 0.03 [+/- standard error of the
      mean]) for the stenosis zone than for the no-stenosis zone (0.57 +/- 0.03) (p
      less than 0.0001). The stress blood flow ratio (stenosis/no-stenosis zone = 0.27
      +/- 0.06) was significantly lower than the final thallium activity ratio (0.68 +/
      0.07) (p less than 0.001), consistent with thallium redistribution occurring
      over the 3-hour period. Myocardial thallium activity in the stenosis zone peaked
      in a mean of 2.2 minutes, then washed out biexponentially with a final decay
      constant of 0.0035 +/- 0.0005 min-1. Myocardial thallium activity in the no
      stenosis zone peaked within 1 minute in all dogs, then washed out
      biexponentially, with a final decay constant of 0.0043 +/- 0.0003 (p less than
      0.001 compared with stenosis zone). In conclusion, fractional clearance of
      thallium can differentiate myocardium distal to a coronary artery stenosis from
      that supplied by a normal coronary vessel.

PMID- 4072932
TI  - Relation of myocardial salvage to size of myocardium at risk in dogs.
AB  - Infarct size varies in untreated animals subjected to coronary artery occlusion
      at the same anatomic site. The relation between the hypoperfused zone and the
      magnitude of myocardial salvage when different pharmacologic interventions are
      used remains to be established. Thus, in 95 anesthetized dogs, 1 minute after
      left anterior descending coronary occlusion, technetium-99m-labeled albumin
      microspheres (8 mCi) were injected into left atrium for the assessment of the
      hypoperfused zone. Fifteen minutes after coronary occlusion 42 dogs were
      randomized into a control group and 53 into a treated group. In the treated
      group, 6 dogs received nifedipine, 0.35 micrograms/kg followed by 2.4
      micrograms/kg/hour; 7 received diltiazem, 0.2 mg/kg followed by 0.9 mg/kg/hour;
      13 received bepridil, 2.5 mg/kg; 9 received cytochrome C, 2.5 mg/kg; 8 received
      rutosides, 200 mg/kg; and 10 received nifedipine plus cytochrome C. All drugs
      were administered intravenously. At 6 hours the dogs were killed and their hearts
      were cut into 3-mm-thick slices. Infarct size was determined by
      triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining; the hypoperfused zone was delineated by
      autoradiography. The dogs were retrospectively subgrouped as follows: those with
      small hypoperfused zones, i.e., less than 15% of the left ventricle (controls n =
      8, treated n = 7) and those with large hypoperfused zones, i.e., more than 15% of
      the left ventricle (controls n = 34, treated n = 46). In dogs with large
      hypoperfused zones, treatment salvaged 42 +/- 3% of the myocardium destined to
      undergo necrosis, whereas in those with small hypoperfused zones 78 +/- 10% of
      myocardium was salvaged (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4072933
TI  - The healing process in normal canine arteries and in atherosclerotic monkey
      arteries after transluminal laser irradiation.
AB  - To evaluate the healing response of both normal and atherosclerotic arteries to
      laser radiation, 7 mongrel dogs and 4 hypercholesterolemic atherosclerotic
      monkeys underwent catheterization with a right Judkins catheter-optical fiber
      system designed to maximize arterial wall injury. Argon laser radiation was then
      delivered to the abdominal aorta and iliofemoral arteries. In the 11 animals, a
      total of 917 sites were irradiated in 33 arteries. Angiography did not reveal
      dissection or aneurysm formation; occlusive thrombosis was found in 2 arteries.
      Perforation of the arterial wall was a frequent complication. In animals killed
      between 1 hour and 4 days, light and electron microscopy of lased sites showed
      craters filled with a coagulum of blood and cellular debris with only a few
      adherent platelets. Healing occurred with a minimal inflammatory response and
      involved both fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Reendothelialization was seen
      in all animals killed between 7 and 14 days after lasing and was complete by 30
      to 60 days. Within this period, no accelerated atherosclerosis was seen at lased
      sites in the hypercholesterolemic monkeys. It is concluded that transluminal
      lasing of normal arteries in dogs and in atherosclerotic arteries of monkeys is
      followed by healing and reendothelialization within a few weeks.

PMID- 4072934
TI  - Validation of instantaneous pressure gradients measured by continuous-wave
      Doppler in experimentally induced aortic stenosis.
AB  - The relation between catheter-measured and Doppler-derived aortic pressure
      gradients was examined in 8 open-chest dogs. A snare was placed around the
      proximal ascending aorta and adjusted to provide a wide range of gradient to left
      ventricular (LV) outflow. A continuous-wave Doppler transducer was placed above
      the level of the obstruction and angled to optimize the audio and spectral
      signals. Pressure tip transducer catheters recorded LV and ascending aortic
      pressures simultaneously with the Doppler signal. In 120 randomly selected sinus
      beats, Doppler-derived maximal gradient correlated well with maximal
      instantaneous catheter gradient from 4 to 179 mm Hg (r = 0.99). Mean gradients
      also were closely related (r = 0.98). For gradients above 100 mm Hg, the
      correlation remained good (r = 0.98), but for gradients below 50 mm Hg, the
      correlation was not as precise (r = 0.81). All 120 cycles were digitized at 10-ms
      intervals to examine the correspondence between the Doppler and catheter data
      throughout systole. For the 2,742 pairs of points so obtained, the correlation
      was excellent (r = 0.95). The close relation between Doppler-derived pressure
      gradient and that measured simultaneously by catheterization provides further
      validation of the use of continuous-wave Doppler in the assessment of aortic
      stenosis, not only at maximal gradient, but throughout the period of LV ejection.

PMID- 4072935
TI  - Dynamic nature of coronary collateral blood flow.

PMID- 4072936
TI  - Pacemaker malfunction after nitrous oxide anesthesia.

PMID- 4072937
TI  - Angiographic diagnosis of coronary sinus ostium atresia.

PMID- 4072938
TI  - A symposium: Role of calcium entry-blocking drugs in hypertension. March 1985,
      Maui, Hawaii.

PMID- 4072939
TI  - Comparative effects of diltiazem and hydrochlorothiazide in blacks with systemic
      hypertension.
AB  - The blood pressure-lowering effects of a calcium-entry blocker, diltiazem (240 or
      360 mg/day), and a thiazide diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide (50 or 100 mg/day),
      were studied in 20 black hypertensive patients. Supine blood pressure decreases
      of -34/-18 mm Hg for diltiazem and -29/-21 mm Hg for hydrochlorothiazide were
      noted after 14 weeks of therapy. Differences between drugs were not significant.
      Blood pressures were normalized in all 4 of the monotherapy nonresponders when
      the 2 drugs were combined. Significant adverse effects were not noted. These data
      suggest that diltiazem is an effective antihypertensive agent in black patients.
      As monotherapy, its blood pressure-lowering effect is equivalent to
      hydrochlorothiazide.

PMID- 4072940
TI  - Carbohydrate determinants involved in mammalian fertilization.
AB  - During fertilization in mammals, the male and female gametes undergo a form of
      highly complex cell-cell recognition whereby a nonspecific initial binding is
      followed by a species-specific penetration of the zona pellucida. Recent data
      from many species have demonstrated the involvement of surface carbohydrates in
      regulating fertilization at both these stages. The potential benefits as well as
      drawbacks of three major techniques used so far are discussed, and the need for a
      cautious interpretation of the data is emphasized. During capacitation, the
      carbohydrate components of the entire surface of spermatozoa undergo striking
      changes which may be linked to the concurrent metabolic events within motile
      spermatozoa, leading to the appearance of egg-specific glycoconjugates in a time
      dependent manner. A multiple set of glycoproteins on the sperm surface,
      possessing oligosaccharides synthesized by the lipid-linked pathway, are probably
      required during different stages of fertilization, including sperm-oocyte fusion.
      The oviductal glycosaminoglycans may also be involved in regulating the timing
      and species specificity of mammalian fertilization by masking the sperm receptor
      sites on the zona and triggering the physiological acrosome reaction. Future
      biochemical and high-resolution localization studies involving specific probes
      for surface glycoconjugates, glycosyltransferases, and hydrolytic enzymes should
      greatly aid our understanding not only of the role of the individual surface
      macromolecules but also of the surface domains to which they are localized.

PMID- 4072941
TI  - Sperm surface changes during the acrosome reaction as observed by freeze
      fracture.
AB  - The mammalian acrosome reaction is an exocytotic process that can be analyzed by
      the technique of freeze-fracture; only sperm cells capacitated in vitro or
      treated to elicit the acrosome reaction in vitro have been studied, and all
      pictures published are from material fixed before freezing. All the authors point
      out the appearance of particle-free areas in the plasma membrane of the acrosomal
      region during capacitation and before any fusion. This is interpreted as an
      increase in membrane fluidity as suggested by studies on membrane lipid
      composition in guinea-pig sperm. We have recently described the induced acrosome
      reaction in ram spermatozoa. Fusion starts at the limit of the anterior and
      equatorial segments and progresses forward in the anterior segment along ramified
      paths, resulting in a fenestration gradient of the acrosomal cap. Fusion
      propagation may be controlled by fluidity increase in the plasma membrane of the
      anterior segment, and it is probably inhibited in the equatorial segment by the
      ordered structure of the acrosomal membrane.

PMID- 4072942
TI  - Sperm surface components involved in the control of the acrosome reaction.
AB  - Several lines of evidence suggest that decapacitation of sperm occurs normally in
      the male reproductive tract, and as a result the acrosome is stabilized and the
      acrosome reaction is controlled. Since the defining experiments in 1951, where
      decapacitation was reversed in the female reproductive tract by capacitation,
      investigations have pursued the molecular events of this process. This review
      attempts to examine critically the older literature and compare that perspective
      with the current theories. The theories for decapacitation of sperm include the
      possible role of a peptide decapacitation factor, a glycoprotein-mediated steroid
      transfer to the sperm, masking of a galactosyl transferase by some macromolecule
      containing carbohydrate, preclusion of calcium influx by a binding protein, and
      sperm interaction with the acrosome stabilizing factor. Although these theories
      are diverse, there are some unifying aspects. However, there remain some major
      unanswered questions. For example, although we point to some circumstantial
      evidence that infers a single decapacitation factor, this needs to be further
      substantiated. It is concluded that with the purification of a macromolecule
      involved in capacitation, specific proposals on the mechanism of capacitation,
      and new tools to evaluate the capacitation process, it is likely that another
      decade will not pass without emergence of a unifying molecular theory of sperm
      capacitation.

PMID- 4072943
TI  - Fine structure of the mammalian egg cortex.
AB  - The cortices of a number of mammalian eggs are not structurally homogeneous but
      are polarized. In mouse ova the plasma membrane is a mosaic; the cytoplasm
      overlying the meiotic spindle is devoid of cortical granules and consists of a
      filamentous layer containing actin. Functionally, this cortical polarity may be
      related to the restriction of sperm-egg interaction and fusion to a specific
      region of the ovum cortex and to dynamic changes of the egg cortex during
      fertilization, including cortical granule exocytosis, polar body formation, and
      fertilization cone development. The origin of cortical polarity in mammalian
      oocytes and its possible relation to components of the cytoskeletal system and
      meiotic apparatus are discussed and compared with cortical features of eggs of
      other vertebrates and invertebrates.

PMID- 4072944
TI  - Freeze-fracture observations on mammalian oocytes.
AB  - Freeze-fracture studies on mammalian oocytes have been hampered by the relatively
      small numbers of cells available at a given time as well as by difficulties
      encountered in effectively freezing these large, watery cells. We have
      nevertheless pursued this area because of the benefits of visualizing membrane
      faces involved in various fusion reactions by the freeze-fracture method. Our
      observations indicate no overall change in intramembranous particle (IMP)
      distribution before and after sperm penetration, although the question of
      possible alterations of these structures at the precise locus of sperm attachment
      remains open. Preliminary statistical analysis indicates that there is a much
      higher IMP density on the P face than on the E face of the plasma membrane and
      that the microvillar membranes bear more IMPs than those of the intermicrovillus
      regions. Probes of lipid subclasses were used to determine the distribution of
      cholesterol and anionic lipid in the egg plasma membrane. Filipin and tomatin
      showed extensive complex formation in microvillus as well as nonmicrovillus
      regions, whereas anionic lipids (using polymyxin B) have been difficult to detect
      on the oocyte surface. These results are discussed relative to current views of
      membrane fusion mechanisms.

PMID- 4072945
TI  - Sperm penetration through oocyte investments in mammals.
AB  - Literature on the interactions between eutherian gametes is reviewed. The oocyte
      cumulus complex of the female is surrounded by a zona pellucida, corona radiata,
      and cumulus layer. Sperm undergo an acrosome reaction before penetrating the zona
      pellucida. The morphological consequences of this reaction and its possible
      role(s) in penetration of the oocyte cumulus complex are considered. The
      acrosomal enzyme, hyaluronidase, has been thought to aid sperm in penetrating the
      cumulus layer and corona radiata. Several recent investigations, including one
      that shows that motile cells lacking hyaluronidase can penetrate to the zona
      surface, do not support this idea. Other possible roles of this enzyme in
      fertilization are discussed. The development of in vitro fertilization systems
      that employ physiological numbers (1-100) of sperm will be valuable in studying
      the mechanisms used by sperm to penetrate the oocyte cumulus complex.

PMID- 4072946
TI  - Mammalian gamete interactions: what can be gained from observations on living
      eggs?
AB  - Studies on fertilization have involved a variety of investigational techniques
      from the simple to the very complex. Perhaps the most direct approach has been
      the observation and photographic recording of the interactions of living gametes
      in vitro. The purpose of this paper is to review the major contributions that
      have been made, by means of this technique, to our knowledge of mammalian
      fertilization, and to examine its advantages and limitations. Some of the events
      of mammalian fertilization that have been observed in living eggs and are
      reviewed herein include sperm penetration through the zona pellucida, contact of
      the fertilizing spermatozoon with the oocyte surface and the subsequent
      incorporation of the sperm head into the oocyte cytoplasm, the formation and
      disappearance of the incorporation cone, the gradual incorporation of the sperm
      flagellum, surface movements of the oocyte after activation, and the formation of
      the second polar body. One advantage of studying living eggs is the opportunity
      it affords to witness events as they actually occur and, under favorable
      circumstances, to observe the whole series of events in individual eggs. Only by
      this mechanism can certain features of the process be fully appreciated and
      accurate data obtained on the timing of events. With the addition of time-lapse
      photographic methods, some of the more subtle changes become more amenable to
      study. Among the limitations of the technique are its limited resolution and the
      necessity for examining the gametes outside their normal in vivo environment.

PMID- 4072947
TI  - Mammalian fertilization as seen with the scanning electron microscope.
AB  - For several years we have been looking at mammalian gametes and their
      interactions with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Examining the images
      produced by the SEM has given us a three-dimensional view of sperm, eggs, and egg
      investments. We are particularly impressed with the structural variation among
      gametes of different mammalian species. In this short report we examine the
      structure of mammalian spermatozoa, eggs, zonae pellucidae, and cumuli. Our
      observations and those of others have led us to believe that variation in gamete
      structure and function may have evolved as a mechanism for reproductive isolation
      of mammalian species.

PMID- 4072948
TI  - Hypnotically-induced deconditioning: reconstruction of memories in the treatment
      of phobias.

PMID- 4072949
TI  - Using hypnotic inquiry protocols to monitor treatment progress and stability in
      multiple personality disorder.

PMID- 4072950
TI  - Resistance in investigative hypnosis: determinants and management.

PMID- 4072951
TI  - Heart rate and energy expenditure of pregnant and lactating women.
AB  - Data on heart rate and oxygen consumption of 21 mature pregnant women, and of 16
      of them postpartum, were examined for evidence of the suitability of heart rate
      as an index of energy expenditure during pregnancy. Energy expenditure, measured
      by indirect calorimetry, and heart rate were recorded with subjects at rest
      (lying, sitting, and standing) and working (on a treadmill and cycle ergometer)
      at three different levels. Energy expenditure (EE) and heart rate (HR) were
      highly correlated during the second half of gestation and postpartum. Both EE and
      HR were affected by pregnancy state, but the relationship between HR and EE was
      not changed. Slopes of regression of two linear components of EE/HR relationship
      were 0.01-0.02 for resting, and 0.05-0.06 for working measures. The slopes under
      resting and working conditions are significantly different from zero, and from
      each other. Prediction of EE from HR is unreliable in the range 80-120 beats/min
      where resting and working HRs overlap.

PMID- 4072952
TI  - Human energy requirements: overestimation by widely used prediction equation.
AB  - Basal energy expenditure accounts for a large component of energy losses, and a
      clinical estimate of this form of thermogenesis is usually derived from a
      prediction equation. The most widely used prediction equation was developed in
      1919 by Harris and Benedict. The energy requirements of healthy and diseased
      individuals are often estimated from application of this formula. Using a direct
      gradient-layer calorimeter and two different indirect calorimeters, our two
      centers found that the Harris-Benedict equation overestimated basal energy
      requirements by 10 to 15% (X +/- SD, 12.3 +/- 11%) in 201 studies of healthy men
      and women. These results raise questions regarding the accuracy of predicting an
      individual's energy requirements.

PMID- 4072953
TI  - Effect of butorphanol tartrate on food and water consumption in humans.
AB  - There is much evidence that endogenous opioid peptides are involved in the
      regulation of food and water intake in a variety of species. We report here that
      the exogenous opiate agonist, butorphanol tartrate (1 microgram/kg),
      significantly increases food, but not water, intake in normal humans. The major
      effect on food intake was seen within the first 2 h after the administration of
      drug. These findings suggest that this drug may be therapeutically useful in
      patients with cancer anorexia.

PMID- 4072954
TI  - Food processing and the glycemic index.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to compare the in vitro starch digestibility and
      postprandial blood glucose response of conventionally-cooked versus factory
      processed foods. Carbohydrate portions of three unprocessed foods (boiled rice,
      sweet corn, and potato) and six processed foods (instant rice, Rice Bubbles, corn
      chips, Cornflakes, instant potato, and potato crisps) were incubated for 3 h with
      human saliva and porcine pancreatin. The proportion of starch digested was
      significantly higher (p less than 0.05) for the processed forms of rice, corn,
      and potato compared with the respective conventionally cooked foods. In six
      healthy volunteers who ingested 50 g carbohydrate portions of the above foods the
      processed foods produced a higher glycemic index (p less than 0.05) in all but
      one instance. The exception was potato crisps which gave a similar glycemic
      response to boiled potato.

PMID- 4072955
TI  - Influences of "normal" and "prudent" diets on biliary and serum lipids in healthy
      women.
AB  - The differential effect of two diets, taken in synchrony with the menstrual
      cycles for 2 wk each, on serum and bile lipids was investigated in young healthy
      women. The "normal" diet was high in cholesterol and total fat, and low in
      polyunsaturated fat and fiber; the "prudent" diet contained a high proportion of
      polyunsaturated fat and fiber, but was low in cholesterol and total fat; there
      was little difference in energy content. Both in whole serum and in low-density
      lipoprotein the concentrations of cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were almost
      30% lower with the "prudent" than with the "normal" diet; HDL-cholesterol was
      16.3% lower. Triglycerides were increased, only in the very-low-density
      lipoproteins while cholesterol and apolipoprotein B did not change much in this
      fraction. The risk to acquire cholesterol gallstones was not less with the use of
      the "prudent" diet as originally expected. While using the "prudent" diet five of
      the women had slightly higher lithogenic indices, in two there were much higher
      values (greater than 25%), and only in three the lithogenic index was unchanged
      or slightly lower than with the "normal" diet.

PMID- 4072956
TI  - Relationship of diet to the fatty acid composition of human adipose tissue
      structural and stored lipids.
AB  - The habitual intake of 20 healthy free-living subjects was determined by two 7
      day food records. Documented fatty acid intakes were utilized to examine the
      influence of fatty acid intake on fatty acid composition of stored and structural
      lipids in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Subjects with higher intakes of saturated
      fatty acids exhibited increased levels of total saturated fatty acids and
      decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids in adipose tissue triglycerides (p less
      than 0.01). The dietary P/S ratio was significantly related to the saturated and
      polyunsaturated content of stored lipids. In the phospholipid fraction,
      relationships were found between dietary C18:2(6) and the P/S ratio of
      phosphatidylcholine (p less than 0.05). The essential fatty acid content of the
      two phospholipids studied was related to the dietary fats consumed. Relationships
      were identified between major fatty acids in the triglyceride and phospholipid
      fraction. Although diet was found to relate to fatty acid composition, the
      structural lipids in human adipose tissue appear more resistant to compositional
      change than stored triglycerides.

PMID- 4072957
TI  - Iron deficiency anemia and educational achievement.
AB  - The present study investigates the effect of iron supplementation on measures of
      school performance among 78 iron-deficient anemic and 41 nonanemic children in an
      economically deprived rural area in Central Java, Indonesia. All the subjects
      were treated for ancylostomiasis before iron supplementation. They were randomly
      assigned to either an iron or placebo group. Hematological and behavioral
      measurements were obtained immediately before (T1) and after (T2) the iron and
      placebo treatments. Iron treatment for a 3-mo period resulted in substantive
      increases in mean Hgb, Hct, and transferrin saturation among the iron-deficient
      anemic children. Furthermore, changes in the iron status of iron-deficient anemic
      children were associated with significant changes in the school achievement test
      scores of iron-deficient anemic children. T2 evaluation of achievement test
      scores indicated that the difference between iron-treated anemic and nonanemic
      children was still statistically significant. However, when T1 scores were
      entered as a covariate, iron-deficient anemic subjects treated with iron obtained
      significantly higher delta achievement scores. Findings from the present study
      indicate that iron supplementation among iron-deficient anemic children benefits
      learning processes as measured by the school achievement test scores.

PMID- 4072958
TI  - Studies of marginal zinc deprivation in rhesus monkeys: infant behavior.
AB  - Rhesus monkey infants were marginally deprived of zinc (4 ppm diet) from
      conception and were compared to controls (100 ppm diet) during the first year of
      life in development of reflexes and motor patterns, mother-infant interaction,
      delayed response performance, discrimination learning and reversal, and open
      field behavior. Deficits in amount and variety of behavior were recorded in
      deprived infants; spontaneous locomotor activity was 50% below control levels in
      males at 1 mo of age; spontaneous activity was 7-10% lower in both males and
      females at 3 mo of age; response latencies were 50% lower than controls at 7-9
      mo; failure to reach discrimination reversal criterion was seen in 71% of
      deprived infants as compared to 10% of controls at 10 mo of age; and abnormally
      low levels of climbing and exploration were seen in two of six deprived infants
      at 12 mo of age. No abnormalities in the rate of behavioral development or in
      emotional adaptability were observed. These and other results suggest that
      syndromes of lethargy, apathy, and hypoactivity are characteristic of behavioral
      effects of marginal zinc deprivation in primates.

PMID- 4072959
TI  - Relationship of vegetarianism to child growth in South India.
AB  - The effect on children's growth of vegetarianism and food expenditure were tested
      in a sample of 627 children from three fishing communities in Madras, South
      India. A number of variables known to affect health and nutritional status were
      controlled in analyses using a two-stage general linear model technique. Using
      weight- and height-for-age variables as outcome, vegetarianism was a significant
      determinant (p = 0.02 and p = 0.05, respectively) for children greater than 3 yr
      of age, after controlling for per capita food expenditure which was insignificant
      at all ages. Possible explanations for this finding are discussed at length.
      Specific recommendations for future study are made to elucidate the relationship
      seen in these data.

PMID- 4072960
TI  - Dietary intakes of macronutrients among Mexican Americans and Anglo Americans:
      the San Antonio heart study.
AB  - Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were obtained on 1254 Mexican Americans (MA) and
      916 Anglo Americans (AA), aged 25 to 64, as part of the San Antonio heart study,
      a population-based survey of cardiovascular risk factors from 1979 to 1982. In
      order to separate the effects of ethnicity from those of socioeconomic status
      (SES), we sampled subjects in three distinct neighborhoods: a low income MA
      neighborhood (barrio), a middle income neighborhood, and an upper income,
      predominantly Anglo, neighborhood. Intakes of protein, fat, and carbohydrate were
      similar to those found in other dietary surveys (NHANES, LRC). MA females living
      in the barrio consumed more cholesterol than either Anglos or MAs living in the
      other two neighborhoods. In MA males, the rise in the Hegsted Score with
      increasing SES paralleled the rise in LDL cholesterol with rising SES reported
      previously by our group. Females consumed a less atherogenic diet than males.

PMID- 4072961
TI  - Urine nitrogen as an independent validatory measure of dietary intake: a study of
      nitrogen balance in individuals consuming their normal diet.
AB  - In order to determine the value of 24 h urine nitrogen (N) excretion as a way of
      validating dietary methods of measuring protein intake in individuals, daily N
      intake and excretion has been measured in eight healthy subjects while consuming
      their usual, varying, diets for 28 days. Daily duplicates of all food eaten were
      obtained and consecutive 24 h collections of urine and feces were made throughout
      and analyzed for N by the Kjeldahl method. The completeness of the 24 h urine
      collections was verified by the use of PABA and of feces by radiopaque pellets. N
      losses in blood and from the skin were measured. The within person variation in
      dietary intake ranged from 14 to 26% (coefficient of variation, CV) while urine N
      was more constant, varying from 11 to 18% (CV) within individuals. In these
      subjects eight 24 h urine collections, verified for their completeness, were
      sufficient to estimate dietary N intake to within 81 +/- 5% (SD) as assessed by
      18 day dietary records.

PMID- 4072962
TI  - Summary of a report on assessment of the iron nutritional status of the United
      States population. Expert Scientific Working Group.
AB  - This report summarizes the evaluations by an Expert Scientific Working Group of
      the iron nutritional status of the US population based on biochemical data for
      persons aged 1 through 74 yr in the second National Health and Nutrition
      Examination Survey, 1976-1980. Three approaches were used for estimating the
      prevalence of impaired iron status. The first (ferritin model) required that at
      least two of three indicators be abnormal: serum ferritin, transferrin
      saturation, erythrocyte protoporphyrin. A second approach (MCV model), using mean
      corpuscular volume rather than ferritin, also required that at least two of the
      three indicators be abnormal. Finally, the change in median hemoglobin
      concentration (hemoglobin percentile shift) was determined after exclusion of
      individuals with one or more abnormal iron status values. The range of prevalence
      estimates was fairly low with the exception of children aged 1-2 yr, males aged
      11-14 yr, and females aged 15-44 yr. The associations of impaired iron status
      with hemoglobin levels, inflammatory disease, and socioeconomic and demographic
      variables were examined. Data on iron overload were also assessed.

PMID- 4072963
TI  - Recent developments in the etiology and treatment of hypertension: dietary
      calcium, fat, and magnesium.
AB  - Dietary calcium, magnesium, and polyunsaturated and saturated fat have each been
      implicated as being important factors in the development and treatment of
      hypertension. Although the mechanisms underlying the relationship between calcium
      and blood pressure are not clearly defined, calcium supplementation may be
      effective in lowering blood pressure in certain calcium sensitive subgroups.
      Dietary polyunsaturated fat intake as a source of linoleic acid may be important
      in the production of prostaglandins, which are known to modify blood pressure
      levels. Available evidence indicates that an increased intake of polyunsaturated
      fat relative to saturated fat may have a hypotensive effect in individuals with
      borderline hypertension. The mechanisms by which magnesium modifies blood
      pressure are thought to be both direct and indirect, probably interacting with
      other electrolytes known to affect vascular smooth muscle tone such as sodium,
      potassium, and calcium. There is insufficient information from human studies to
      conclude that magnesium supplementation will lower blood pressure levels.

PMID- 4072964
TI  - Retrospective analysis of data from five long-term, metabolic balance studies:
      implications for understanding dietary nitrogen and energy utilization.
AB  - Daily urinary nitrogen (N) excretion and body weight data of 42 healthy young
      adults, who received constant, adequate diets for up to 90 days, and maintained
      constant level of physical activity, were examined retrospectively. From the N
      excretion data, it was determined that, when corrected for long-term trends,
      daily variability was random and much larger than variability due to the long
      term trends. Thus, N balance data based on commonly used diet periods of about 2
      wk adequately estimates population variability. Body weight data for most
      subjects showed significant changes and many subjects experienced persistent
      linear changes throughout the entire experimental period. Thus, for most healthy
      young adults, neither dietary-induced thermogenesis nor changes in the efficiency
      of energy utilization appears to play a quantitatively important role in the
      maintenance of body weight (and body composition) in response to relatively
      modest discrepancies between the level of food intake and energy intake needed to
      balance initial total energy expenditure. The key importance of food intake
      regulation and/or physical activity in weight maintenance is emphasized by these
      findings.

PMID- 4072965
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of placental hormones in the diagnosis of
      uterine versus ectopic pregnancy.
AB  - The authors find that immunohistochemical demonstration of placental hormones in
      endometrium is useful in the identification of trophoblast independent of the
      presence of chorionic villi. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and human
      placental lactogen (HPL) are markers for trophoblastic cells. The markers were
      studied in 21 cases of gestational endometrium without villi in which the
      clinical differential diagnosis was ectopic pregnancy versus missed or incomplete
      uterine abortion. Trophoblastic cells were identified in four cases by routine
      microscopy and in an additional seven cases using the markers. In none of these
      cases was there a subsequent demonstration of ectopic pregnancy. In six of the
      ten negative cases, ectopic pregnancies subsequently were removed. Thus, the use
      of these hormone markers in endometrial specimens increases precision in the
      diagnosis of uterine versus ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 4072966
TI  - Adult-onset urticaria pigmentosa and systemic mast cell disease.
AB  - The records of 32 patients with adult-onset urticaria pigmentosa were analyzed to
      determine if any clinical or pathologic findings could distinguish urticaria
      pigmentosa associated with systemic mast cell disease from urticaria pigmentosa
      with no clinical evidence of systemic mast cell disease. Thirteen patients had
      biopsy-proven systemic mast cell disease, and 19 had no documentation of systemic
      mast cell disease after at least 20 years of follow-up. Generally, urticaria
      pigmentosa with systemic mast cell disease could not be differentiated from
      urticaria pigmentosa with skin involvement only. Although most patients in both
      groups had mast cells in a perivascular location, four patients had dense
      infiltrates filling the papillary dermis. Two of these patients had biopsy-proven
      systemic mast cell disease, and two had clinical symptoms that could have been
      produced by systemic mast cell disease, although the diagnosis was not proved by
      biopsy. The presence of dense infiltration by mast cells in urticaria pigmentosa
      with cytologic atypia may correlate with the presence of systemic mast cell
      disease.

PMID- 4072967
TI  - Comparison of a chromogenic prothrombin time with clotting prothrombin time in
      the assessment of clinical coagulation deficiencies.
AB  - A chromogenic prothrombin time (CPT) has been compared with the standard
      prothrombin time (PT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in
      evaluating the hemostatic abnormality in patients with specific clotting factor
      deficiencies or liver disease and in patients receiving anticoagulant or
      fibrinolytic therapy. As expected, the CPT was sensitive to deficiencies of
      Factors II, V, X, and VII but was unaffected by deficiencies of Factors XII, XI,
      IX, or VIII. Due to the presence of polybrene in the thromboplastin formulation,
      the CPT was insensitive to heparin concentrations below 1 unit/mL. However, the
      assay result prolonged progressively between 1 and 10 units of heparin/mL,
      indicating that the CPT can be used to assay heparin concentrations within this
      range. Among patients with liver disease or who were receiving warfarin or
      fibrinolytic therapy, there was good correlation between the prolongation of the
      PT and the CPT. The results demonstrate that the CPT was sensitive to the
      commonly encountered clinical abnormalities in which the PT is prolonged and
      could be applied for monitoring oral anti-coagulant therapy. However,
      prolongation of the PT to a given value in different clinical conditions was
      associated with different degrees of prolongation of the CPT. This differential
      effect may reflect an abnormality in fibrinogen conversion to fibrin, which
      prolongs the PT but not the CPT and may also be contributed to by the
      differential sensitivity of the PT and CPT to specific factor deficiencies. The
      simplicity and reproducibility of the CPT warrant its further assessment, but
      correlation with the PT in a variety of clinical conditions is needed before
      clinical application can be undertaken.

PMID- 4072968
TI  - Comparative evaluation of the Optimate and TDX analyzers using NCCLS guidelines.
AB  - A comparative simultaneous evaluation of the Optimate and the TDX analyzers was
      performed according to guidelines proposed by the National Committee for Clinical
      Laboratory Standards. Statistically significant (P less than 0.05) better
      precision was demonstrated for the TDX analyzer with both commercial controls and
      patient pools. No statistically significant difference was found between the
      analyzers in terms of linearity, accuracy, and curve stability. Technologists
      judged the TDX to be superior in ease of start-up and shutdown procedures,
      loading and unloading, test changeover, time for a stat specimen, and time for an
      average run. In general, the TDX analyzer required less operator interaction for
      routine performance, but its consumable expenses were about 50% greater than
      those for the Optimate analyzer.

PMID- 4072969
TI  - Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is overestimated in neonates with cholestasis. A
      more reliable method is proposed.
AB  - Unconjugated bilirubin was determined in 458 serum samples from 160 neonatal and
      pediatric patients by using two approaches. The first approach was to calculate
      indirect bilirubin by subtracting direct bilirubin, as measured by a diazo
      solution assay, from total bilirubin quantified by a Jendrassik-Grof procedure.
      The second approach was actually to measure the unconjugated bilirubin fraction
      using a multilayered slide. For samples containing little or no conjugated
      bilirubin, correlation between the calculated indirect bilirubin value and the
      unconjugated bilirubin measured by the slide was judged acceptable. Samples
      containing increased levels of conjugated bilirubin, however, yielded
      discrepancies between the approaches including differences of up to 5-10 mg/dL
      and more. Moreover, the magnitudes of the differences correlated with the amounts
      of conjugated bilirubin present in the samples. The unconjugated bilirubin values
      given by the slide were found to correlate more closely than the calculated
      indirect values with results obtained by an HPLC procedure that may be regarded
      as the most reliable method available. Therefore, we find that the slide provides
      a more accurate measure of unconjugated bilirubin than does the indirect
      bilirubin value in specimens from pediatric patients having evidence of
      cholestasis. The authors also believe that the magnitude of the difference in the
      values could make a difference in therapeutic strategies.

PMID- 4072970
TI  - Spinal cord aspergillus invasion--complication of an aspergilloma.
AB  - Acute paraplegia developed in a 53-year-old man with pulmonary aspergilloma
      because of contiguous extension of Aspergillus infection to the epidural and
      subdural spaces and spinal cord. Histopathologic findings of the spinal cord
      showed Aspergillus hyphae penetrating the myelin sheath and myelomalacia,
      predominantly in the anterior and lateral columns. To the authors' knowledge,
      there have been no previous descriptions or illustrations of spinal cord
      involvement and the pathologic changes caused by Aspergillus infection.

PMID- 4072971
TI  - More on the RDW.

PMID- 4072972
TI  - MCV and MCHC in automatic blood cell analyzers.

PMID- 4072973
TI  - More on spurious red blood cell parameters.

PMID- 4072974
TI  - Community competence: a positive approach to needs assessment.
AB  - A procedure was developed for assessing residents' perceptions of community
      functioning. A questionnaire, derived from Cottrell's work in the area of
      community competence and elaborated upon by community workers and researchers,
      was constructed and field tested in five rural communities. In a telephone
      interview, 433 residents were surveyed. Responses were analyzed to determine
      which items discriminated among the communities and to what extent they
      represented Cottrell's original model. Representing six of Cottrell's eight
      conditions of competence, 14 items were judged to discriminate among the
      communities (analysis of variance, F-test, maximum p = .008). A factor analysis
      of the 14 items revealed four factors that were labeled Democratic Participation
      Style, Crime, Resource Adequacy and Use, and Decision-Making Interactions. The
      factors are consistent with Cottrell's model and explain 35% of the variance.
      These findings are discussed in relation to current community research and
      methodological constraints.

PMID- 4072975
TI  - Intervention orientation: quantification of "person-blame" versus "situation
      blame" intervention philosophies.
AB  - Almost from its inception at the Swampscott conference in 1965, community
      psychology has criticized interventions focusing solely on "person variables" or
      "blaming the victim." In order to begin to explore this orientation more
      scientifically, these studies created a measure to tap person- and situation
      blame orientations of service providers working with adolescents in legal
      jeopardy. Its reliability and construct validity were examined; implications for
      other social problem areas and for further research questions are explored.

PMID- 4072976
TI  - Community integration of the mentally ill in residential facilities.
AB  - Much of the empirical research on the social adjustment of the mentally ill has
      focused on client variables. More recently, recognition of environmental factors
      as influences on behavior has led to attempts to determine environmental factors
      that may play a role in former mental patients' community integration. The
      secondary data analysis of 87 former state hospital patients in residential
      facilities suggests that while client characteristics are important in explaining
      community integration, facility, and community characteristics, particularly the
      level of skills training offered in the facility, size of city, and level of
      depersonalization of residents, have a significant impact. Results indicating the
      major importance of informal interactions between staff and clients are
      discussed, with implications for facility staff noted.

PMID- 4072977
TI  - The Perceived Support Network Inventory.
AB  - The development and psychometric investigation of the Perceived Support Network
      Inventory (PSNI), a measure of perceived social support, is described. A group of
      146 introductory psychology students participated in a test-retest study design
      that collected reliability, internal consistency, and construct, convergent, and
      discriminant validity data on the scale. In addition, a contrast group of 28
      Counseling Center clients was administered the PSNI. Test-retest reliability of
      the PSNI total score and subscale scores ranged from .72 to .88. Internal
      consistency for the PSNI was .77. Construct validity estimates ranged from .21 to
      .57. Convergent validity estimates varied from -.25 to .20. Discriminant validity
      estimates varied from -.11 to .19. Sample differences between introductory
      psychology student mean PSNI total and subscale scores and Counseling Center
      client mean PSNI total and subscale scores proved significant. Recommendations
      for subsequent research and future application are offered.

PMID- 4072978
TI  - Short- and long-term effects of marital disruption on children.
AB  - The short- and long-term (5 years later) effects of parental marital disruption
      on the psychological adjustment of children were examined. A representative
      community sample of urban families (N = 1,034) in which 25-50% had experienced
      marital disruption constituted the sample. The effect of the presence and type of
      father figure in the home on children's adjustment, controlling for ethnic group
      and social class, was evaluated with respect to measures of psychological
      symptomatology (based on mother's report). Significant effects of the father
      figure variable on the dimensions measuring Noncompulsivity and Delinquency were
      found at both time periods. Children with natural fathers showed the least
      pathology on the Delinquency factor and those with surrogate fathers demonstrated
      the most disordered behavior on the Noncompulsivity factor. These findings
      complement previous research showing stability of antisocial behavior over time.
      Implications for preventive interventions and future research are discussed.

PMID- 4072979
TI  - Counselor training as a therapy for alcohol abuse among aboriginal people.

PMID- 4072980
TI  - Asphyxiation by hanging in two young Hispanic children--homicide, suicide, or
      accidental deaths? A review of pediatric hangings.
AB  - Case reports of asphyxiation by hanging in two young children are presented along
      with a review of the literature to determine the incidence and manner of death by
      hanging in the younger pediatric population.

PMID- 4072981
TI  - Sudden unexpected death following exercise and congenital anomalies of coronary
      arteries. A report of two cases.
AB  - Two cases of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary
      trunk with unusually prolonged post-childhood survival are presented. In both
      cases, death was associated with physical exertion. The pathological findings
      included enlarged right coronary ostium, myocardial hypertrophy, endocardial
      fibrosis, and focal myocardial scarring.

PMID- 4072982
TI  - Forensic pathology and related sciences. A model for teaching medical students.
AB  - Recently, awareness of the importance of forensic pathology and related sciences
      in the United States has grown. At our medical center, we developed a concise and
      systematic program on this subject and offered it as an elective in pathology to
      level II medical students. The course was very successful and rated highly by the
      medical students.

PMID- 4072983
TI  - Ultrastructural alterations of skeletal muscles after electric shock.
AB  - The existence of tracks of electric current in the skeletal muscles was checked
      by electron-microscopic investigations in animal experiments on rats.
      Hypercontraction bands alternating with dilated sarcomeres and tumefaction of
      tubular apparatus and mitochondria with cristiolysis were established. The most
      severely expressed alterations were found in the vicinity of the electrodes and
      adjacent to the joints; they are thought to be caused by electrically induced
      tetanus and local hyperthermia. The forensic aspects of these findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 4072984
TI  - An assessment of lung weights in drowning cases. The Metro Dade County experience
      from 1978 to 1982.
AB  - The lung weights in known cases of drownings, both fresh and salt water, were
      studied in 220 cases over the past 5 years. Statistical comparison was performed
      with both a natural disease and a "normal" population. The frequency of "dry
      lungs" in drowning was also noted.

PMID- 4072985
TI  - The female suicide victim. Trends in a metropolitan county (1963-1983).
AB  - A two-decade review of female suicide victims in Cuyahoga County, Ohio was
      performed. There has been an increasing incidence in the number of adolescent and
      senior citizen suicides over the 20-year period. The number of single and married
      victims were proportional to their respective population frequencies; while the
      frequency of widowed victims was greater and the frequency of divorced victims
      was less than expected. Women in blue collar skilled jobs showed an increasing
      frequency in the late 1970s. The most frequently used methods are poisoning,
      firearms, and carbon monoxide inhalation. Poisoning deaths have decreased in
      frequency and firearm deaths have increased in frequency.

PMID- 4072986
TI  - Psychotropic drug-related suicides.
AB  - This study examined the 92 suicides investigated by the Medical Examiner's Office
      in Rhode Island between 1975 and 1982, in which either tranquilizers or
      antidepressant drugs were present in the body fluids or tissues of the deceased.
      We found that traumatic suicides were more prevalent among the tranquilizer
      victims and that tranquilizers were combined more often with alcohol and other
      drugs. While the antidepressants were obtained by prescription more often than
      the tranquilizers, the latter were prescribed by a wider variety of doctors. More
      antidepressant than tranquilizer suicide victims had a history of psychiatric
      hospitalization and had previously attempted suicide or spoken of it prior to
      their death. Our findings also seem to indicate that the antidepressant victims
      took more time and effort in both contemplating and planning their suicides.

PMID- 4072987
TI  - Rectal fist insertion. An unusual form of sexual behavior.
AB  - Rectal fist insertion (fist fucking) is an uncommon and potentially dangerous
      sexual practice. This is usually a homosexual activity, but can also be a
      heterosexual or an autoerotic practice. One known death has been reported
      associated with rectal fist insertion, in which the complications of anal and
      colonic tears and bleeding had occurred (see Editor's note). The possibility of
      drug overdose is also probable, as drugs and alcohol are commonly introduced into
      the rectum to promote sphincter relaxation and to ease the discomfort of anal
      dilatation.

PMID- 4072988
TI  - Intrapleural golf ball size loose body. An incidental finding at autopsy.
AB  - An intrapleural free floating golf ball size body was an incidental finding at
      autopsy. The pathogenesis and clinical significance of this lesion are discussed.

PMID- 4072989
TI  - A single fatal penetrating chest wound from shattered wind-blown glass.
AB  - The great majority of penetrating wounds of the thorax result from firearms and
      bladed weapons. Penetrating wounds of the heart and of the great vessels still
      have a high immediate mortality. While penetrating chest wounds occasionally
      result from fragments of glass; most severe and fatal wounds from glass result
      from one's falling into or through architectural (plate) glass, sustaining wounds
      of abdomen or extremities, or both. A single, fatal penetrating chest wound
      resulting from a wind-blown fragment of glass is distinctly uncommon. The unique
      case of this type reported herein is that of a 12-year-old youth who was struck
      in his home in the left anterior chest by a single, sharp, slender fragment of
      glass blown from a window which shattered in a thunderstorm. This resulted in a
      rapidly fatal penetrating wound involving thoracic viscera. The forensic
      pathologist must thoroughly investigate and document such accidental deaths,
      modifying his/her autopsy procedure as necessary for these purposes and to avoid
      accidental injury at the autopsy table.

PMID- 4072990
TI  - Self-inflicted bite mark on the breast of a suicide victim.

PMID- 4072991
TI  - Catheteroticum. Fatal late complication following autoerotic practice.
AB  - This article describes a report of a death resulting as a late consequence of
      autoerotic practice. The deceased died of bronchopneumonia due to renal failure
      following a bladder calculus which had formed around a coiled plastic tube,
      presumably self-introduced for autoerotic purposes.

PMID- 4072992
TI  - Geographic forensic medicine and forensic sciences.
AB  - The necessity of learning more about the criminality and the culture of persons
      from overseas is upon us. As forensic scientists, we have to take a lead in
      presenting information to our colleagues that would facilitate their
      investigations. In this paper, we look at many of the different cultures that
      have been presented to American authorities, and the activities of the Milton
      Helpern International Center for the Forensic Sciences are discussed.

PMID- 4072993
TI  - Natural disaster potential and counterdisaster planning in Australia.
AB  - Counterdisaster planning for mass fatalities begins with an analysis of the types
      of disasters likely in a given area and the vulnerability of the area to those
      disasters. Mass-fatality disasters can be classified as man-made or natural. A
      historical list of the major man-made disasters in Australia is provided.
      Potential natural, disasters in Australia, such as bush fires, floods, cyclones,
      and earthquakes, are discussed. The Australian Bureau of Meteorology provides
      warnings in many of these situations. Counterdisaster planning in Australia is
      primarily a state responsibility. The Natural Disasters Organisation of the
      Federal Department of Defence operates an Australian Counter-Disaster College.

PMID- 4072994
TI  - An unsuspected arsenic poisoning murder disclosed by forensic autopsy.
AB  - An unsuspected case of homicidal arsenic poisoning, clinically thought to be a
      primary hematopoietic disorder, was uncovered by an expanded toxicologic screen
      which is performed in all medical examiner's cases in which the decedent displays
      gastrointestinal symptoms prior to death. Arsenic concentrations were: blood, 7.2
      mg/liter; liver, 15 mg/kg; and kidney, 6 mg/kg.

PMID- 4072995
TI  - A case of suicidal hanging in an automobile.
AB  - A case of suicidal hanging inside an automobile is presented. To our knowledge,
      hanging has not been previously reported as a cause of death in a motor vehicle
      driver. The causes of death in automobile-related suicides are discussed.

PMID- 4072996
TI  - Parameters which can differentiate patients with "idiopathic" from patients with
      lymphoma-induced liver granulomas.
AB  - Part of the "idiopathic" liver granulomas prove finally to be caused by
      infection, sarcoidosis, or malignancy. We looked for the initial admission
      parameters which may differentiate the idiopathic from the malignancy related
      granulomas. Patients with idiopathic granulomatous hepatitis had smaller spleen
      than of lymphoma related granulomas (2.15 +/- 2 versus 9.5 +/- 4.8 cm below the
      costal margin, p less than 0.01), smaller liver (2.61 +/- 2 cm versus 6.5 +/- 4.0
      cm, p less than 0.05), a lower percent of eosinophils (2.3 +/- 1.4 versus 6.2 +/-
      3.5%, p less than 0.05) and unlike patients with lymphoma, their fever did not
      persist beyond 4 wk (p = 0.03). Indeed, if the fever remitted spontaneously, it
      was likely that a benign condition was responsible for the granulomas (p less
      than 0.025). If fever persisted (4 wk), a liver or a spleen extending more than 4
      cm below the costal margin and 4% eosinophils were attributed 1 point each; a
      score of 2 points had a specificity of 80 and a 100% sensitivity in detecting
      patients with lymphoma related liver granulomas. It is concluded that the size of
      the liver and spleen, the percentage of eosinophils, and the persistence of fever
      may differentiate between patients with idiopathic- versus lymphoma-related
      granulomatous hepatitis.

PMID- 4072997
TI  - Review of the current status of prokinetic agents in gastroenterology.

PMID- 4072998
TI  - Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the colon.
AB  - Multiple myeloma with extramedullary plasmacytoma is unusual, but associated
      gastrointestinal involvement is even rarer. A case with initial presentation as
      solitary plasmacytoma of the clavicle and subsequent lesions in the maxillary
      sinus, skin, and ascending colon is reviewed. The variable radiographic features
      of plasmacytoma of the colon are discussed, whether occurring as a solitary
      finding or in a patient with multiple myeloma.

PMID- 4072999
TI  - The malpractice crisis.

PMID- 4073001
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the esophagus.
AB  - A case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the esophagus in a 82-year-old woman is
      presented. the esophageal lesion revealed a variety of macroscopic manifestations
      including giant rugae, submucosal nodules, multiple erosions, and craters. The
      patient died 7 months after diagnosis. The esophageal involvement was considered
      to be primary.

PMID- 4073000
TI  - Low plasma cholecystokinin response after ingestion of a test meal in patients
      with chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - Postprandial responses of plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) in patients with severe
      chronic pancreatitis (n = 7) were studied. Plasma CCK level rose from 11.2 +/-
      1.8 pg/ml at the basal level to a maximum of 23.3 +/- 3.0 pg/ml at 10 min after
      the ingestion of a liquid meal in healthy subjects (n = 6). However, such
      significant plasma CCK response to the meal was not observed in patients with
      chronic pancreatitis in whom CCK levels rose from a basal level of 9.7 +/- 0.91
      pg/ml to a peak of 13.8 +/- 1.6 pg/ml at 60 min. It is suggested that the low
      response of CCK after the meal might reflect impaired function of the
      enteropancreatic axis to intraluminal stimuli in patients with severe chronic
      pancreatitis.

PMID- 4073002
TI  - Endoscopic modification for safe foreign body removal.

PMID- 4073003
TI  - Villous polyposis of the ileum: report of a case.
AB  - Villous adenomas occur only rarely in the small intestine and are often
      associated with malignant changes. Multiple villous adenomas of the small
      intestine are usually seen only in patients with familial polyposis coli. This is
      a report of a patient with multiple villous adenomas of the ileum associated with
      a carcinoma of the cecum which originated from a villous adenoma near the
      ileocecal valve. There was no evidence of other colonic polyps and no history of
      familial polyposis coli. It appears that polyposis of the small intestine is a
      rare clinical entity which cannot often be diagnosed due to difficulty in
      visualizing this area.

PMID- 4073004
TI  - Retroperitoneal abscess from perforated sigmoid diverticulitis.

PMID- 4073005
TI  - Liver granulomas: a possible paraneoplastic manifestation of hypernephroma.
AB  - A patient with hypernephroma presented with signs of liver dysfunction. Liver
      biopsy disclosed the presence of granulomas. Extensive search for a known cause
      of hepatic granulomas was negative. The presence of granulomas in lymph nodes
      draining the neoplasm, the improvement of liver dysfunction after nephrectomy,
      and its aggravation preceding overt metastatic manifestation support the
      existence of a cause and effect relationship between the renal cell carcinoma and
      the liver granulomatous disease.

PMID- 4073006
TI  - Characteristic features of liver disease in Japanese alcoholics.
AB  - Histopathological analysis for 94 Japanese alcoholic patients revealed alcoholic
      hepatitis 11%, chronic hepatitis 14%, fatty liver 16%, alcoholic liver fibrosis
      22% and liver cirrhosis 31%. Alcoholic hyaline was found in only 30% of the cases
      of alcoholic hepatitis. Alcoholic liver fibrosis (without any findings except
      fibrosis and steatosis) was distinct from other type of diseases. Chronic
      hepatitis in alcoholics was mostly chronic active hepatitis (77%), whereas only
      35% was chronic active hepatitis in nonalcoholics. Histologically typical
      alcoholic liver cirrhosis was uncommon.

PMID- 4073008
TI  - An increased calcium accumulation in ATP-depleted red cells of the patients with
      paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
AB  - A marked increase in calcium (Ca) uptake (85.5 +/- 39.0 nmoles/ml RBC/2 hr) was
      observed in ATP-depleted red cells of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal
      hemoglobinuria (PNH) as compared to ATP-depleted normal red cells (8.0 +/- 2.0).
      The extent of increased Ca uptake in the PNH red cells was related to the extent
      of increased sensitivity to complement, as judged by the sugar water test (p less
      than 0.001) and the acidified serum test (p less than 0.001), and inversely
      correlated to the decreased activity of red cell acetylcholinesterase (p less
      than 0.01). The results may indicate that increased calcium uptake in PNH red
      cells is a possible intrinsic defect of the red cell membranes in the disorder.

PMID- 4073007
TI  - Association of chronic alcoholic liver and pancreatic disease: a prospective
      study.
AB  - Seventy-two chronic alcoholics, 40 (all males) with chronic pancreatitis and 32
      (23 males and nine females) with liver cirrhosis, were submitted to liver biopsy,
      endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and secretin-caerulein test in
      order to assess a possible liver involvement in chronic pancreatitis and
      viceversa, and to evaluate the existence of any relationship between the diseases
      of these two organs. Chronic pancreatitis patients were younger than cirrhotic
      patients and drank more than the cirrhotic females. Twenty-nine of the 40
      patients had abnormal liver histology, five had micronodular cirrhosis and were
      older than the others. No relationship was found between the degree of pancreatic
      impairment and the type of liver injury. Five liver cirrhosis patients had an
      endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography picture consistent with chronic
      pancreatitis; two were females with an alcohol intake lower than the one of the
      other females. In conclusion the association of chronic pancreatitis and liver
      cirrhosis was observed in a minority of cases, with the same percentage in the
      two groups, even if the cirrhotic subjects were older than the pancreatitics.
      Therefore we can postulate that different factors have roles in the pathogenesis
      of alcoholic cirrhosis and of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. The association of
      the two diseases in two women with a relatively low alcohol intake supports this
      hypothesis.

PMID- 4073009
TI  - Abnormal erythrocyte fragmentation and membrane deformability in paroxysmal
      nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
AB  - Hemolysis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is considered to be a
      result of an intrinsic membrane defect. This defect may result in abnormal
      material properties of PNH erythrocytes. To examine this hypothesis,
      fragmentation failure, and membrane deformability were assessed in the absence of
      complement by micropipette techniques. Membrane viscosity was determined by
      observing relaxation of deformed cells. Results show a bimodal distribution of
      force for membrane failure, membrane viscoelasticity, and elastic shear modulus.
      One population requires significantly less force for fragmentation, mean 0.56 X
      10(-6) dyne; has increased membrane viscosity, mean 0.205 X 10(-2) dyne sec/cm;
      and has decreased elastic shear modulus, mean 0.56 X 10(-2) dyne/cm. A second
      population resembles control with fragmentation force, mean 1.19 X 10(-6) dyne,
      control 1.05 X 10(-6) dyne; membrane viscosity, mean 0.112 X 10(-2) dyne/cm,
      control 0.102 X 10(-2) dyne sec/cm; elastic shear modulus, mean 0.70 X 10(-2)
      dyne/cm, control 0.78 X 10(-2) dyne/cm. The percent of cells with abnormal
      material properties corresponds to the percent of PNH III cells determined by
      complement lysis. Thus, the hemolysis attributed to an abnormal clone of
      erythrocytes in PNH is associated with an intrinsic membrane abnormality which
      predisposes to lysis.

PMID- 4073010
TI  - Erythrophagocytosis in vivo in sickle cell anemia.
AB  - Recent observations that the sickle RBC are excessively susceptible to
      phagocytosis by macrophages in vitro prompted me to look for evidence of in vivo
      erythrophagocytosis (Ep) in patients with sickle cell anemia (SS). Freshly
      prepared smears of unmanipulated blood of 27 patients with SS in steady state
      were examined for Ep by a 500-cell differential white blood cell (WBC) count
      performed in duplicate. Ten of 27 (37%) SS patients showed Ep (1-6/1,000 WBC or 1
      10/100 monocytes). By contrast, no Ep was found in similarly prepared blood
      smears of 25 normal adult controls and nine splenectomized subjects. The mean
      hemotocrit value of the Ep(+) SS patients was significantly lower than that of
      the Ep(-) patients (21.0 +/- 1.7% vs 24.0 +/- 2.7% p less than 0.01). Considering
      the rarity of spontaneous Ep in unmanipulated blood from normal subjects and the
      relative insensitivity of the method used, the finding of Ep in over one third of
      SS patients indicates a significant membrane injury of the sickle RBC and serves
      to validate the in vitro observations. The possible role of the "senescence"
      mechanism in the induction of Ep is discussed.

PMID- 4073011
TI  - Transferrin sialic acid contents of patients with hereditary hemochromatosis.
AB  - Recent evidence suggests that asialotransferrin may enhance hepatic uptake of
      trivalent metal ions through the asialoglycoprotein-receptor pathway. In
      hereditary hemochromatosis, there is preferential uptake of iron by hepatocytes.
      We purified transferrin from two patients with this disease. Their transferrins
      had normal electrophoretic patterns and contained normal amounts of sialic acid.
      We conclude that the preferential uptake of iron by hepatocytes in hereditary
      hemochromatosis is not due to the presence of asialotransferrin in their plasma.

PMID- 4073012
TI  - Hypertonic cryohemolysis of pathologic red blood cells.
AB  - Human erythrocytes suspended in hypertonic solutions undergo hemolysis when the
      temperature of the suspension is changed from 37 degrees C toward 0-4 degrees C.
      It has been suggested that the hypertonic environment causes some proteins of the
      skeletal network to be changed in such a way that their normal adaptation to
      temperature changes is prevented, thus resulting in cryohemolysis. In the present
      study, we compared the cryohemolysis of some pathologic red blood cells in
      hypertonic sucrose and NaCl to normal cells. Erythrocytes of hereditary
      spherocytosis (HS) were found to be significantly more fragile than all others in
      hypertonic sucrose, while they behaved normally in hypertonic NaCl. In contrast,
      erythrocytes of thalassemic patients showed decreased susceptibility to
      cryohemolysis, both in hypertonic sucrose and in NaCl. Autoimmune hemolytic
      anemia samples behaved like normal samples, both in NaCl and in sucrose. The
      erythrocytes of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia-type II patients showed two
      types of cryohemolysis; one pattern was similar to that of HS, and the other one
      presented normal levels in sucrose and reduced levels in NaCl. The different
      patterns of cryohemolysis described for the pathologic cells are thought to
      reflect different lesions in the membranes of the erythrocytes of the various
      hemolytic disorders. It is hoped that studying the cryohemolysis of abnormal red
      cells may contribute some illumination as to molecular interactions in intact
      cells in health and in disease.

PMID- 4073013
TI  - Adult Niemann-Pick disease masquerading as sea blue histiocyte syndrome: report
      of a case confirmed by lipid analysis and enzyme assays.
AB  - We present the clinical, pathologic, and metabolic findings of an adult woman
      with debilitating coronary artery disease and hepatosplenomegaly who was
      discovered to have multiorgan infiltration by sea blue histiocytes. A diagnosis
      of sea blue histiocyte (SBH) syndrome was made and no further workup performed.
      The patient suffered from progressive heart failure and sepsis following coronary
      artery bypass surgery and died 9 months after presentation. Tissues examined at
      autopsy showed pronounced infiltrates of both granular sea blue histiocytes and
      foamy, vacuolated histiocytes, which were morphologically compatible with Niemann
      Pick cells. Ultrastructural examination of these cells revealed lamellar myelin
      like figures as described in Niemann-Pick (N-P) disease. Fibroblast enzyme assay
      studies and liver lipid analyses performed after the patient's death revealed
      pronounced sphingomyelinase deficiency and a lipid profile diagnostic of N-P
      disease, type B. This case adds further support to the claim that some cases of
      apparent SBH syndrome actually represent a type of N-P disease.

PMID- 4073015
TI  - Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 4073014
TI  - Impaired IgM antibody responses to an influenza virus vaccine in adults with
      sickle cell anemia.
AB  - Type-specific IgM and IgG antibody responses to a polyvalent influenza vaccine
      were evaluated in 16 adults with sickle cell anemia, with the use of an enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay. When compared to healthy controls, 8 out of the 16
      patients had decreased or undetectable postvaccination anti-influenza IgM
      antibody levels. These patients were found to have significantly lower serum IgM
      levels and nondetectable splenic tissue (by 99Tc scans), as compared to those
      with normal IgM responses. Impaired IgM antibody primary immune responses may
      play a role in the pathogenesis of infectious complications seen in adult
      patients with sickle cell anemia.

PMID- 4073016
TI  - Postoperative leukocytosis in morbidly obese patients: relationship to serum
      cholesterol.

PMID- 4073017
TI  - The spectrum of diseases associated with necrotizing glomerulonephritis and its
      prognosis.
AB  - Necrotizing glomerulonephritis (NGN) represents small-vessel vasculitis in the
      kidney. To assess the diseases associated with necrotizing glomerular changes and
      their prognosis we studied all 32 patients who had this histologic finding on
      kidney biopsy from 1969 to 1982 and compared them to those patients who had
      crescentic, diffuse, or focal and segmental glomerulonephritis without necrosis
      (n = 29). The diseases associated with NGN were systemic lupus erythematosus (n =
      6/15), Henoch-Schonlein purpura (n = 3/4) Goodpasture's syndrome (n = 4/7),
      Wegener's granulomatosis (n = 6/6), polyarteritis (n = 4/5), infective
      endocarditis (n = 2/3), and idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (n
      = 7/21). Necrotizing glomerulonephritis occurred significantly more often in the
      vasculitides than in all the other disorders put together. The most difficult
      diagnosis problem occurred in patients with renal disease and pulmonary
      hemorrhage (n = 9), in three of whom diagnosis was uncertain even after autopsy
      (two autopsies done within one month and one within three months of
      presentation). A fourth patient had a linear staining for IgG along the
      glomerular basement membrane (GBM) on kidney biopsy but was subsequently
      diagnosed as having Wegener's granulomatosis. Comparison of patients with without
      NGN revealed no difference in outcome (death or dialysis) one year after biopsy
      (38% v 43%) or in serum creatinine levels one year later (4.6 v 4.8 mg/dL). The
      prognostic effect of NGN was not obscured by unequal distribution of other
      adverse prognostic factors in the two groups. The most important prognostic
      characteristics we identified for outcome were serum creatinine at biopsy (chi 2
      = 24.0, P less than .0004) and the sum of activity and chronicity indexes on
      biopsy (chi 2 = 12.7, P = .0004). These variables were similarly distributed in
      patients with and without necrosis, mean serum creatinine levels at biopsy being
      4.3 v 4.2 mg/dL and sum of indexes 7.8 v 8.0. Other factors such as clinical
      diagnosis and therapy were not important prognostically and therefore could not
      explain our results. We conclude that NGN in patients with active proliferative
      glomerulonephritis has multiple causes. Diagnostic difficulties occurred in those
      with anti-GBM-negative pulmonary hemorrhage. The appearances of small-vessel
      vasculitis in the kidney did not appear to have prognostic significance.

PMID- 4073018
TI  - Renal biopsy in patients with acute renal failure and prolonged bleeding time: a
      preliminary report.
AB  - A significant percentage of acute renal failure patients may benefit from a
      diagnostic renal biopsy, but this procedure carries an unacceptable risk of
      hemorrhagic complications. We have previously shown that red cell transfusions
      and 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) are effective in managing uremic
      bleeding. We now report the results of giving washed red cell transfusions or
      DDAVP to 9 patients with uremia due to acute renal failure to improve hemostasis
      and allow a diagnostic renal biopsy. All patients admitted to the study had
      prolonged bleeding time (BT), ie, more than 10 minutes, and our procedure
      shortened BT in all cases, though in two patients BT after the therapeutic
      procedure was still longer than normal. In these two, biopsy was not performed.
      The seven patients whose BT became normal underwent percutaneous biopsy. Only
      minor clinical complications were registered. Computerized tomography (CT)
      revealed an incidence of perirenal hematomas comparable to that usually reported
      in patients with normal or slightly depressed renal function who undergo renal
      biopsy. Our findings indicate that red cell transfusions or DDAVP can temporarily
      restore hemostasis, allowing a diagnostic percutaneous biopsy in patients with
      acute renal failure.

PMID- 4073019
TI  - Cyst fluid antibiotic concentrations in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney
      disease.
AB  - Infections involving cysts of patients with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney
      disease (PCKD) are often refractory to therapy possibly because of poor
      penetration of antibiotics into cyst fluid. Ten patients with PCKD had blood
      urine and cyst fluid sampled at surgery or autopsy for antibiotic concentrations.
      Cysts were categorized as to their nephron site of origin by cyst fluid sodium
      concentrations. Drugs active against anaerobes such as metronidazole and
      clindamycin were present in therapeutic concentrations in both proximal and
      distal cysts. Ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole had the best profiles
      considering likely infecting organisms and the antibiotic concentrations achieved
      in both type of cysts. It is likely that prolonged therapy with both of these
      drugs is necessary to insure therapeutic success. Other drugs that can be
      detected in cysts are lipid soluble, undergo tubular secretion, or have high pKa
      values. These include erythromycin, vancomycin, and cefotaxime. Aminoglycosides
      because of their predominant glomerular filtration and thus low filtration rate
      per single cystic nephron are undetectable in both proximal and distal cysts.
      Clinically, alternatives to aminoglycosides should be chosen for infected cysts
      in PCKD.

PMID- 4073020
TI  - Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in patients on chronic hemodialysis.
AB  - Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia occurred 96 times in 58 of 671 patients on
      chronic hemodialysis during a nine-year period. Seventy-one instances of
      bacteremia originated in the vascular access site and resulted in the loss of the
      access device in 45 episodes. The overall mortality was 8%, and the incidence of
      infective endocarditis was 4%. Death occurred more often when bacteremia arose
      from an identifiable site other than the vascular access device (P less than
      .02). Patients who developed one or more metastatic foci of infection had a
      higher incidence of primary treatment failure (P less than .001) and a higher
      mortality (P less than .001) than did those with no metastatic infection.
      Although meaningful comparisons of differing antibiotic regimens could not be
      made, patients receiving antibiotic therapy for 28 days or longer relapsed less
      frequently (P less than .05). These data suggest that chronic hemodialysis
      patients with S aureus bacteremia have a relatively low mortality and a low risk
      of infective endocarditis. Antibiotic treatment, however, should be given for at
      least 28 days in order to minimize the risk of relapse.

PMID- 4073021
TI  - Cellular response to peritonitis among peritoneal dialysis patients.
AB  - White blood cell counts and differential cell counts were performed on 249
      peritoneal dialysis effluents from 48 patients using chronic peritoneal dialysis.
      The finding of more than 50% polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the dialysate was a
      more sensitive indicator of peritonitis than was an absolute cell count of 100
      cells/microL. This finding was true for patients using intermittent peritoneal
      dialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, and continuous cycling
      peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 4073022
TI  - An unsuspected cause for metabolic acidosis in chronic renal failure: sorbent
      system hemodialysis.
AB  - A severe metabolic acidosis was produced in a patient with chronic renal failure
      by hemodialysis using a sorbent system to regenerate bicarbonate dialysate with
      an initial bicarbonate concentration of 60 mEq/L. The acidosis resolved with
      standard single-pass hemodialysis. In five additional patients, the bicarbonate
      concentration of the dialysate with the sorbent system was noted to be low and
      quite variable (mean +/- SD, 16.5 +/- 8.3 mEq/L, range 5 mEq/L to 39 mEq/L). The
      low dialysate bicarbonate failed to correct metabolic acidosis and, in fact, was
      capable of further lowering the serum bicarbonate. The capacity of the
      regenerating cartridge to release protons makes this form of dialysis a potential
      cause for metabolic acidosis. The safety of the sorbent system dialysis, at least
      in the bicarbonate mode, requires further evaluation.

PMID- 4073023
TI  - The chronic effects of repeated mechanical trauma to the skin. Proceedings of a
      conference sponsored by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and
      Health. Cincinnati, Ohio, April 6-8, 1983.

PMID- 4073024
TI  - The chronic effects of repeated mechanical trauma to the skin.

PMID- 4073025
TI  - Repeated mechanical trauma to the skin: occupational aspects.
AB  - Many of today's jobs involve repetitive tasks, often resulting in mechanical
      trauma to the skin. Trauma from pressure, pounding, friction, vibration, and
      penetration of foreign materials produce a great variety of skin lesions.
      Mechanical insults contribute directly or indirectly to a number of distinctive
      problems that are work related, viz, infections, contact dermatitis, occupational
      skin stigmata, reactions to unabsorbable materials, vibration effects, dermatoses
      among athletes, the Koebner phenomenon in palmar psoriasis, pressure urticaria,
      and cutaneous neoplasms arising in burns and scars.

PMID- 4073026
TI  - Effects of mechanical trauma on nails.
AB  - The nails are useful "tools" in many occupations, but because of their exposed
      position are vulnerable to mechanical and chemical traumas. This review deals
      with the common injuries and disorders of the nails in the workplace. Information
      is given regarding the occupations in which damage to nails is most likely to
      occur.

PMID- 4073027
TI  - Juvenile plantar dermatosis: a report of 80 cases.
AB  - Juvenile plantar dermatosis (JPD) is a skin disease found mainly in children
      between the ages of 3 and 14 years old. External factors having a role in the
      development of the disease include: mechanical trauma, occlusive footwear (shoes
      and socks), and perhaps the seasons of the year. Data on gender, seasonal
      patterns, and listing of atopy are presented for 80 consecutive cases of JPD.

PMID- 4073028
TI  - Sensitization in traumatized skin.
AB  - Patch tests with the standard series of chemical allergens were performed on
      8,230 patients having various dermatoses. The frequency of contact sensitization
      among categories of dermatoses varied markedly. While only 21% of persons whose
      diagnosis was occupational contact dermatitis reacted allergically to at least
      one chemical, reactions were observed in 70% of those whose skin had been damaged
      by mechanical traumas. Cuts, wounds, and abrasions incurred on the job, while not
      very serious injuries per se, should be regarded as having greater clinical
      importance insofar as they increase the likelihood of contact sensitization to
      allergens.

PMID- 4073029
TI  - Effects of pressure on contact dermatitis.
AB  - In human volunteers, firm pressure was applied to deformable plastic chambers
      containing chemical irritants, glass fibers, and selected allergens to which the
      subjects were sensitive. Pressure variably intensified irritant dermatitis and
      strikingly enhanced fiberglass dermatitis. Pressure did not influence allergic
      contact dermatitis. Pressure is one of several mechanical factors that can
      aggravate nonallergic contact dermatitis.

PMID- 4073030
TI  - Promotion of epidermal carcinogenesis by repeated damage to mouse skin.
AB  - Chemically induced epidermal carcinogenesis is usually divided into two stages:
      initiation, which involves the conversion of some epidermal cells into latent
      neoplastic cells; and promotion, which results in tumors. The hallmark of
      chemical promoters is epidermal hyperplasia. The hyperplasia caused by a strong
      promoter, such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), differs
      morphologically from that caused by weak promoters, such as acetic acid and
      mezerin. The epidermal regeneration that follows abrasion results in a
      hyperplastic epidermis that resembles the effects of strong promoters. Repeated
      mechanical injuries are capable of enhancing papillomas and carcinomas in mouse
      skin initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). Thus, a regenerative
      epidermal hyperplasia appears to be a precondition for tumor promotion. It is
      highly probable that many epidermal cells are initiated during the lifetime of
      man. In the work place, repeated mechanical injury could predispose to epidermal
      neoplasms.

PMID- 4073032
TI  - Occupational hyperkeratoses in carpet installers.
AB  - A field investigation among carpet installers in Stockholm, Sweden, revealed a
      peculiar hyperkeratosis on the knuckles and dorsal aspects of the hands and feet.
      The hyperkeratoses usually took some years to develop and were a result of
      repeated trauma to the skin from friction and pressure.

PMID- 4073031
TI  - Skin effects of occupational kneeling.
AB  - To evaluate chronic knee trauma associated with kneeling, we conducted a cross
      sectional questionnaire survey among floorlayers and tilelayers, two trades that
      require kneeling. Bricklayers and millwrights were studied for comparison.
      Approximately 28% of the 432 questionnaire respondents volunteered for a
      subsequent medical examination. Ultimately, data were analyzed for 112
      floorlayers, 50 tilesetters, and 235 "comparison" workers. We found that the
      history of past skin infection in the knee area was about four times more
      prevalent among floorlayers (7.1%) than among workers in the other two categories
      combined (1.8%). Unilateral or bilateral patellar skin thickening and erythema
      were found to be more prevalent among those who kneel: 79% of floorlayers and 98%
      of tilelayers vs 35% of the control group were found to have skin thickening; 52%
      of floorlayers and 49% of tilelayers vs 24% of the control group were found to
      have erythema on the frontal aspect of the knee.

PMID- 4073033
TI  - Chemical and mechanical trauma to the skin in a rubber fabricating facility.
AB  - Frequent hand-washing using organic solvent caused chronic irritation on the
      hands of workers in a rubber fabricating facility. Mechanical traction applied to
      the skin of the thumbs and fingers and scrubbing of chemically traumatized skin
      during washing appeared to contribute to fissuring and nail bed separation.

PMID- 4073034
TI  - Dermatoses acquired by solid-waste handlers.
AB  - A clinical evaluation of the skin changes and injuries among refuse (waste)
      collectors in San Francisco was conducted in 1983. Almost 75% had palmar calluses
      -a result of repeated pressure and friction. Those workers who protected their
      hands with gloves had practically normal skin, with minor or absent calluses. The
      majority of waste collectors sustained work-related injuries each year. These
      consisted mainly of sprains, abrasions and lacerations, fractures, and eye
      injuries. Based on the injury rate, waste collection is a hazardous occupation.
      The skin is invariably traumatized.

PMID- 4073035
TI  - Low humidity and microtrauma.
AB  - Low-humidity dermatoses arise in the work place as a result of low water content
      of the air. At a relative humidity of 10% or less, the horny layer becomes rigid
      and brittle. The combination of low humidity, high temperature, and, frequently,
      rapid air movement dehydrates the outer stratum corneum. This leads to pruritus
      and, finally, to low-grade eczema. A roughened, scaly stratum corneum becomes
      more susceptible to mechanical trauma. Microtrauma from small particles can
      aggravate the dry scaly dermatosis. Low-humidity lesions resolve quickly with the
      simple expedients of routine use of moisturizers and/or raising the relative
      humidity.

PMID- 4073036
TI  - The effects of repeated mechanical trauma in the meat industry.
AB  - Meat handlers are more prone to traumatic hand lesions and wound infections than
      most other occupational groups. This paper deals with the carpal tunnel syndrome
      (CTS), which is thought to be a major occupationally related condition affecting
      thousands of workers engaged in repetitive hand motion tasks. The literature
      reveals a high prevalence of CTS among meat handlers. Additional epidemiological
      research is needed. Further, it is important to educate workers about the signs,
      symptoms, and causes of CTS.

PMID- 4073037
TI  - Hand eczema among hard-metal workers.
AB  - Seven hundred seventy-six of 800 workers in a hard-metal factory were
      investigated. The prevalence of hand eczema and irritant reactions of the hands
      was 10% and 15% respectively. Of 1,006 workers who had left the industry during
      the previous ten years, 87 had had hand eczema. The cumulative incidence of hand
      eczema for these ten years was estimated to be 17%. Fifty-two percent of the hand
      eczemas and 67% of the irritant reactions started during the first year of work.
      The majority of both the hand eczemas and the irritant reactions first appeared
      in grinding activities. Wet grinding and oil grinding entailed the highest risks
      of hand eczema. Hand eczema was significantly more common in individuals with an
      atopic background. Eighteen percent of the individuals with present or previous
      hand eczema had positive patch-test reactions. Positive patch tests were equally
      common among individuals with irritant reactions and those with normal skin.

PMID- 4073038
TI  - Glass fiber dermatitis.
AB  - Many workers exposed to glass fibers experience an intense pruritus (itching),
      sometimes accompanied by erythema, erosions, and dermatitis. Patch tests to glass
      fibers provoked a papulovesicular dermatitis in about 25% of normal persons.
      Workers in the glass wool industry, whether or not clinically symptomatic, had
      the same levels of patch-test reactivity. A battery of skin tests failed to
      identify persons with an increased susceptibility to glass fiber pruritus. Some
      workers' skin becomes hardened by continuous exposure. This hardening is lost
      after a one-month holiday but is quickly regained. Barrier creams had no
      protective value in preventing glass fiber dermatitis.

PMID- 4073039
TI  - Frictional contact dermatitis.
AB  - Frictional trauma to the palms and fingertips can provoke a dermatitis. Cases of
      frictional dermatitis have been recognized in workers handling large quantities
      of pressure-sensitive carbonless paper. Elimination of the trauma led to healing
      within 2-3 weeks.

PMID- 4073040
TI  - Trauma, sports, and the skin.
AB  - Dermatological disorders in athletes may occur as a result of repeated mechanical
      trauma, physical and chemical agents, climatic conditions, infections,
      infestations, and exacerbations of pre-existing skin disorders. These include
      black heel, tennis toe and other causes of subungual hemorrhage, friction
      blisters, abrasions, jogger's nipples, alopecia, calluses, and subcutaneous
      nodules. Contact dermatitis may occur from sports equipment, medications used to
      treat abrasions, and plants such as poison ivy and weeds. Herpes simplex and
      bacterial pyoderma may occur in wrestlers and rugby players, especially at sites
      of abrasion.

PMID- 4073041
TI  - Vibration syndrome in industry: dermatological viewpoint.
AB  - Long-term use of hand-held vibratory tools has been implicated in the development
      of a clinical condition known under several names including occupational
      Raynaud's phenomenon, vibration-induced white finger (VWF) disease, and "dead" or
      "wax" finger. The syndrome is characterized in its early stages by tingling,
      numbness, or blanching of the finger tips provoked usually by exposure to cold
      temperatures; later these symptoms may extend to the base of all of the digits on
      both hands. As vibration exposure continues, the attacks become more frequent and
      cause manual impairment and social disability. This complex of VWF and associated
      arterial and related complications is now termed vibration syndrome (VS).
      Although epidemiologic studies indicate that large percentages of the population
      of workers at greatest risk are affected, the acceptance of VS as an industrial
      disease is only recent. This paper reviews some of the salient features of VS
      from the point of view of the dermatologist, since he may be the first health
      professional to see patients with this syndrome. Terminology, risk factors,
      preventative measures, therapy, and occupational guidelines are discussed.

PMID- 4073042
TI  - Where occupational health reporting systems go wrong.
AB  - Reporting of occupational illness occurs in two statistical systems maintained by
      the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The first system, the core program established
      under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, provides national data by
      industry from direct reporting of employers in annual (mail) surveys. The second
      system, based on worker's compensation records, provides data on the
      characteristics of injuries and illnesses and the workers involved. Although skin
      diseases are reported separately in both systems, there is usually insufficient
      detail to establish etiology precisely. Conceptual and practical problems hamper
      the building of a substantive occupational illness data base.

PMID- 4073043
TI  - Occupational health reporting systems in Sweden.
AB  - Legislation covering worker's compensation influences occupational health
      reporting and data gathering. Five programs recently enacted in Sweden are
      outlined and discussed. These include: 1) Labour Market No-Fault Liability
      Insurance, 1974; 2) The National Sickness Insurance Act, 1977; 3) The Work Injury
      Insurance Act, 1977; 4) The Work Environment Act, 1977; 5) The Occupational
      Injury Information System, 1979.

PMID- 4073044
TI  - Prevalence of dermatologic disease in the United States: a review of the National
      Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1971-1974.
AB  - The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1971-1974, provides the
      only data on the prevalence of dermatologic disease in the United States. Details
      are given about specific diagnoses, disability, disfigurement, discomfort, and
      the relationship of skin change to environmental and occupational exposure. One
      third of the individuals, which extrapolates to 60 million Americans, had
      dermatological problems that should have been seen at least once by a physician.
      Of those, at least a third considered their skin problems to be a handicap, 10% a
      handicap to employment or housework. These data provide a basis for evaluating
      the effect of environment and occupation and should be of interest to those
      concerned with chronic effects of mechanical injury to the skin.

PMID- 4073046
TI  - Measurements of friction injuries in man.
AB  - Repetitive frictional insults over years to human skin result in lichenification,
      callosites, and clavi (corns). No measurements of the forces involved have been
      made for callosites or corns. Two reports deal with lichenification produced by
      repeated rubbing over weeks. By contrast, friction blisters have been seriously
      studied because they can be produced in minutes and because foot blisters can
      disable soldiers. Three devices to measure the coefficient of friction of
      materials on man's skin and eight machines to rub man's skin are reviewed.

PMID- 4073045
TI  - Mechanical considerations of skin in work.
AB  - Skin forms a link through which the forces required to hold and manipulate
      objects are transmitted from the musculoskeletal system to the objects; while
      these forces are necessary for most work, excessive forces can be injurious. This
      paper discusses some of the mechanical properties of skin and discusses how they
      are important in manual work. Recommendations for the design of hand-held objects
      and for future research are given.

PMID- 4073047
TI  - Techniques for assessing the vulnerability and repair capacity of human skin in
      vivo.
AB  - Techniques have been developed for studying age-associated changes in human skin,
      including its vulnerability to external insults and its capacity for healing.
      Possible application of these methods for studying the effects of repeated
      mechanical trauma to the skin of workers is discussed. The methods include
      procedures for inflicting standardized superficial wounds and nonintrusive
      techniques for measuring damage, rate of skin repair via measurement of
      transepidermal water loss, and characterization of altered surface features using
      image analyses. These approaches have the great advantage of allowing
      quantification.

PMID- 4073048
TI  - Methodologies to produce and assess standardized trauma to the skin.
AB  - In order to learn how mechanical trauma affects the skin, it is necessary to
      establish quantitative relationships between the degree of trauma and the extent
      of the biological response. This requires the development of novel techniques and
      instrumentation. In this paper, two new techniques for applying standardized
      increments of trauma to the skin are presented. Methods for measuring the effects
      on the skin surface and on skin function are described.

PMID- 4073049
TI  - Biological monitoring: confusion in terminology.

PMID- 4073050
TI  - Asbestos-related disease without asbestosis--why not pleural asbestosis?

PMID- 4073051
TI  - Mortality among rubber workers: IX. Curing workers.
AB  - This research examined mortality among 1,152 white male production workers
      employed in the tire-curing department of a large rubber manufacturing plant. To
      determine whether these men had any cause-specific mortality excesses, their
      experience was compared with that of both the U.S. white male general population
      and a group of production workers at the same plant who had not worked in the
      curing division. Both types of comparisons indicated that the curing workers
      experienced excess mortality from lung cancer. There were 45 deaths from lung
      cancer among curing workers compared to 24.6 expected based on the age- and
      calendar period-specific rates of other rubber workers. In addition, the
      mortality rate ratio for pneumonia was 2.2 for curing relative to noncuring
      workers. These findings are consistent with the results of other studies and
      suggest that occupational exposures may have contributed to the development of
      pulmonary disease among curing workers.

PMID- 4073052
TI  - Signs of asbestosis and impaired pulmonary function in women who worked in
      shipyards.
AB  - Fifteen of 71 women (21.1%) who had worked in shipyards before May, 1961 had
      radiographic signs of asbestos disease. There were irregular opacities in the
      lung parenchyma in seven and pleural disease in eight, two of whom had pleural
      calcifications. The 71 women who volunteered to be studied had a mean age of 61.5
      years. Chronic bronchitis was diagnosed in 21%, 71% had dyspnea on climbing two
      flights of stairs, and 42% had wheezing. These prevalences were 50% higher than
      in wives of shipyard workers. In 50 white women, mean values for expiratory flow
      rates, log (FEF25-75) and log (FEF75-85), were decreased for non-, ex- and
      current smokers as compared to normal nonsmokers. Ex-smokers and current smokers
      showed the greater effects. Diffusing capacity (DLCOsb) and alveolar volume (ALV)
      were also reduced in all three smoking categories. Comparison to a reference
      population without asbestos exposure showed that for current, ex- and nonsmoking
      subgroups, there were significant reductions in log (FEF25-75), DLCOsb, and ALV
      for nonsmokers, reductions in FEV1, log (FEV25-75), and log (FEF75-85) in ex
      smokers, and reduced ALV in current smokers. These decreases may reflect a
      locality effect. Further studies are recommended.

PMID- 4073053
TI  - Spontaneous abortions among women employed in the plastics industry.
AB  - A matched case-control study was done to analyze whether certain occupational
      exposures in the plastics industry were related to the risk of spontaneous
      abortions. Information on spontaneous abortions (cases) and births (controls) was
      obtained from the hospital discharge register; data on occupational exposures
      were obtained from the occupational health services of the workplaces. No
      increased risk of spontaneous abortions was observed among workers processing
      polymerized plastics or heated plastics made of vinyl chloride or of styrene.
      Owing to the low statistical power of the study, only strong effects can be ruled
      out. The odds ratio for workers actually processing polyurethane was increased
      (1.9, not statistically significant), and that for all workers in polyurethane
      processing factories was significantly increased (3.0, p = 0.02). The finding
      needs to be investigated further in future studies.

PMID- 4073054
TI  - Avoiding erroneous serum digoxin concentrations.

PMID- 4073055
TI  - Interaction between vancomycin and ticarcillin.

PMID- 4073056
TI  - Number of patient days poor pharmacy workload predictor.

PMID- 4073057
TI  - Accuracy testing of intravenous infusion controllers.

PMID- 4073058
TI  - Crystal formation after reconstituting cefazolin sodium with 0.9% sodium chloride
      injection.

PMID- 4073059
TI  - Cost savings from overfill in cefuroxime sodium vials questionable.

PMID- 4073060
TI  - Vested interests.

PMID- 4073061
TI  - Permeability of four disposable protective-clothing materials to seven
      antineoplastic drugs.
AB  - The permeability of four types of protective-clothing material to seven
      injectable antineoplastic drugs was studied. The protective materials tested were
      Saranex-laminated Tyvek, polyethylene-coated Tyvek, nonporous Tyvek, and Kaycel.
      Circles 6 cm in diameter were cut from a single garment of each material and
      exposed to each drug. Permeation of cisplatin, etoposide, mitomycin,
      cyclophosphamide, carmustine, and thiotepa was assessed by the Salmonella
      mutagenicity test after four hours of exposure. Doxorubicin permeation was
      assessed qualitatively over an eight-hour exposure period using a coloration
      assay. Saranex-laminated Tyvek was not permeable under the test conditions.
      Polyethylene-coated Tyvek was slightly permeable to thiotepa and carmustine.
      Nonporous Tyvek was permeable to all seven drugs, and the Kaycel garment was
      permeable to all of the drugs except etoposide. In no instance did permeation
      exceed 3.3% of the applied drug dose. Saranex-laminated Tyvek was the most
      protective of the barrier garments, followed closely in effectiveness by the
      polyethylene-coated Tyvek. Clothing made from these two Tyvek composites would
      allow less air flow and, therefore, would be less comfortable to wear for
      extended periods. Garments made of nonporous Tyvek or Kaycel would be more
      comfortable, but their use should be accompanied by an awareness of their
      potential permeability to certain antineoplastic drugs.

PMID- 4073062
TI  - Comprehensive pharmaceutical services in the surgical suite and recovery room.
AB  - The operation of a pharmacy satellite located within the operating suite of a
      large university hospital is described. The satellite provides comprehensive
      services 24 hours a day, seven days a week to the staff of the operating room
      (OR), recovery room, and anesthesia department. Kits of anesthetic agents and
      other drugs used by the anesthetist and surgeon are prepared for each surgical
      procedure. The pharmacy staff also prepares i.v. admixtures, cardioplegic
      solutions, and specialized preparations as needed for surgery and provides drugs
      and i.v. admixture services to the recovery room for postoperative patients.
      Controlled substances are signed out to the anesthetist as needed in the
      particular kits and are issued as single doses upon request to the recovery room.
      All pharmacy charges to patients in the OR are done directly from the pharmacy
      satellite using a computer charging system. The decentralized pharmacy satellite
      has substantially reduced drug loss and waste, improved drug delivery to
      patients, increased revenue for the institution, reduced drug inventory, improved
      controlled-drug distribution and accountability, improved clinical services, and
      eased the nursing workload by reassigning drug-related responsibilities to the
      pharmacy department. The OR pharmacy satellite is a viable cost-effective
      operation.

PMID- 4073063
TI  - Practice patterns, attitudes, and activities of University of California Pharm.D.
      graduates.
AB  - Graduates of the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) Doctor of
      Pharmacy program from 1970 to 1981 were surveyed to determine their practice
      patterns, professional activities, and attitudes toward the profession of
      pharmacy. Of 1061 surveys mailed in September 1982, 752 (72%) were returned. A
      majority of respondents indicated that they would choose pharmacy as a profession
      again if starting over and that they would advise a friend to enter the
      profession. The private hospital setting was the practice site cited most
      frequently by respondents. Over one third of practicing pharmacists were actively
      enrolled in or had completed advanced pharmacy training. California was the
      practice location for 84% of respondents; only one third indicated that salary
      was very important or somewhat important in their decision to practice at their
      current location. A large percentage of respondents were involved in teaching,
      community service activities, and professional associations. Most entry-level
      UCSF Pharm.D. graduates are satisfied with their professional status and find
      opportunities for advancement.

PMID- 4073064
TI  - Outcome of patients treated by an aminoglycoside pharmacokinetic dosing service.
AB  - Differences in outcome between patients whose aminoglycoside dosing regimens were
      individualized by a clinical pharmacokinetic dosing service (CPDS) and patients
      who did not receive CPDS consultation were evaluated by retrospective chart
      review. Data for a number of dependent variables that might affect patient
      outcome were collected from the medical records of 42 patients with culture
      proven gram-negative pneumonia or sepsis who had received CPDS dosing
      consultations and 60 similar patients who had not received CPDS consultations.
      Data were also collected for a number of analytical and categorical independent
      variables to evaluate sources of variation between the groups. Variables were
      compared using both parametric and nonparametric statistical tests. For patients
      whose dosing regimens had been individualized by the CPDS, length of
      aminoglycoside therapy and length of stay were significantly shorter, changes in
      serum creatinine concentration from baseline were significantly smaller, and
      mortality was significantly lower; morbidity was reduced by significantly fewer
      incidences of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. Significant differences existed
      between the mean dosing intervals, mean numbers of serum aminoglycoside
      concentration determinations, and mean baseline serum creatinine concentrations
      for the two groups. Although a favorable difference in patient outcome was
      demonstrated for patients whose dosing regimens were individualized by the CPDS,
      unmeasurable differences between the two groups of patients make it difficult to
      attribute the difference solely to the effect of the dosing service.

PMID- 4073065
TI  - Evaluation of 516 cardiopulmonary resuscitation attempts.
AB  - All adult cardiopulmonary resuscitations attended by the pharmacy department at a
      486-bed tertiary-care institution were analyzed over a 24-month period. Data
      describing patient demographics, drug and equipment use, and patient survival
      were collected on 516 consecutive adult arrests. These data were recorded on a
      report form by a pharmacy technician and were classified as cardiac, respiratory,
      trauma, or other. Trauma included arrests caused by motor-vehicle accidents and
      gunshot wounds, and other included arrests caused by anaphylaxis or seizures. The
      majority of arrests (70%) were classified as cardiac, 24% as respiratory, and 6%
      as other. Overall, 54.5% of the patients suffering from arrests were resuscitated
      successfully. There was an equal distribution of arrests throughout the day. The
      mean duration of the resuscitation efforts was 38 minutes with a trend toward
      greater patient survival when resuscitation efforts lasted less than 15 minutes.
      Arterial blood-gas determinations were made in 81% of the arrests,
      defibrillations in 40%, and pacemaker or chest tube insertion in less than 10%.
      Sodium bicarbonate was the most frequently administered medication, followed by
      calcium salts and atropine sulfate. Lidocaine was used in 83% of the cases
      requiring antiarrhythmic therapy. Pressor support was required in 44.6% of the
      cases; norepinephrine bitartrate was the first-line pressor agent. Drugs not
      categorized as essential according to the American Heart Association's Advanced
      Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) standards were administered infrequently. Hospitals
      may benefit from arrest data in assessing their equipment and supply needs,
      staffing patterns, and personnel training programs.

PMID- 4073066
TI  - Cost comparison of seven antibiotic combinations as empiric therapy in a
      simulated febrile neutropenic patient.
AB  - Total costs, drug and supply costs, and personnel costs for 14 days of therapy
      with seven therapeutically equivalent i.v. antibiotic combinations were
      calculated for a simulated febrile neutropenic patient. The cost for each
      antibiotic regimen was calculated using a previously developed computerized model
      that included the cost elements involved in preparation, administration, and
      pharmacokinetic monitoring of i.v. antibiotic therapy. Comparative costs for the
      seven antibiotic regimens were determined by inserting the costs of the
      individual elements into the model. Total costs for the 14 days of therapy varied
      greatly among the seven regimens, ranging from $908 to $2543. Antibiotics
      constituted the greatest percentage of total expenditures for each regimen (64
      92%). Costs were increased substantially when a third-generation cephalosporin
      was included in the regimen. Antibiotic costs correlated strongly with total
      costs, while personnel costs correlated poorly with total costs and accounted for
      only 6-30% of the total expenditures. Computerized analysis of all costs involved
      in antimicrobial therapy for this simulated neutropenic patient showed that total
      costs varied widely in direct proportion to antibiotic costs. In selecting
      antimicrobial agents for high-risk patients, costs should be considered along
      with efficacy.

PMID- 4073067
TI  - Cost of implementing and maintaining a hospital-pharmacy-based online literature
      search system.
AB  - The costs of implementing and maintaining an online literature search system are
      described. The drug information service component of the department of
      pharmaceutical services pursued computerization to ensure the availability of
      timely and comprehensive drug information and to provide hands-on experience in
      computerized literature retrieval for its undergraduate and graduate students.
      Three major implementation costs were identified: the cost of purchasing the
      computer hardware, the expense of a training program for the online search
      program, and the ongoing user's fee for access to the databases. These
      implementation expenses were covered through nontraditional sources of funding,
      and no money was required from the hospital. The system received hospital-wide
      publicity through a number of prominent communication vehicles when it was
      implemented. In its first year, there were 448 requests requiring computer
      searches of a total 4150 requests for drug information. Of these 448, 255
      originated from physicians, 138 from pharmacists, and 55 from nurses and drug
      manufacturers. Medline was the most frequently accessed database, accounting for
      62.6% of the charges; Toxline accounted for 32.3% and miscellaneous files 5.1%.
      The average monthly charge (user's fee) was +238, which was within the initial
      projection for the yearly expense. Because of the success of this program, the
      system's costs were added to the operating budget of the drug information
      service.

PMID- 4073068
TI  - Attitudes of patients with hypertension or arthritis toward the frequency of
      medication administration.
AB  - The attitudes of patients with a nonpainful chronic illness (hypertension) and
      the attitudes of patients with a painful chronic illness (arthritis) toward the
      frequency of medication administration were compared. Hospitalized patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis (n = 83) and hypertension (n = 117) were interviewed by
      study monitors. Multiple-daily dosing was preferred by 70% of the arthritis
      patients and 61% of the hypertension patients for pain medications. The majority
      of patients in both groups preferred single-daily dosing for nonpainful
      conditions. The majority of patients in both groups believed that there was no
      difference between the dosing regimens in terms of the number of side effects.
      Thirty-five percent of the patients with arthritis and 19% of the patients with
      hypertension stated that they would consider increasing or decreasing the number
      of daily doses of their medication. A single daily dose might not be the optimal
      dosing regimen for all medications for all patients. Clinicians should consider
      the nature of the patient's illness and its potential influence on compliance
      when selecting a dosing regimen.

PMID- 4073069
TI  - Effects of product formulation on in vitro activity of pancreatic enzymes.
AB  - The lipase activity of two enteric-coated and two uncoated pancreatic enzyme
      formulations was evaluated in vitro at different pH values and compared with
      postprandial duodenal pH data in cystic fibrosis patients. Lipase activity was
      measured over a pH range of 4-8 in four formulations: Viokase tablets and Viokase
      powder (Viobin), Cotazym-S (Organon), and Pancrease enteric-coated spherules
      (McNeil). A pH-stat technique was used in which the amount of hydroxyl ion that
      must be added to maintain a preset pH value is measured to determine the amount
      of lipase substrate (tributyrin) that is split into butyric acid. At least three
      determinations of activity were made at each pH. Six capsules of each enteric
      coated formulation were subjected to disintegration testing at various pH values.
      These data were then compared with data available for postprandial duodenal pH in
      patients with cystic fibrosis. The lipase activity of all formulations studied
      decreased when pH decreased, especially when the pH was below 5.75. At a pH value
      between 5 and 5.5, which represents the postprandial duodenal pH in cystic
      fibrosis patients, activity was reduced 50% or more for all formulations tested.
      The two enteric-coated products displayed no activity at pH 5.5 and below because
      the coating did not dissolve in this pH range. Lipase activity in enteric-coated
      pancreatic enzyme preparations is limited because the enteric coating of these
      products dissolves slowly in the duodenal pH range (5-5.75) that is found in
      patients with cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 4073070
TI  - Factors affecting drug delivery from a syringe-pump infusion set.
AB  - In vitro testing of drug delivery via dual-lumen, small-volume i.v. extension
      tubing designed for use with a syringe pump was conducted. From a dual-lumen
      extension set with intraluminal diameters of 0.020 inch, effluent samples were
      collected at 5, 10, and 20 minutes after injection of a 1-mL volume of drug
      solution intended for delivery over 20 minutes by a syringe infusion pump.
      Variables were flow rate (5 or 25 mL/hr) of the primary infusion, tubing position
      (vertical or horizontal), and density of the drug solution (penicillin G
      potassium 250,000 units/mL and aminophylline 25 mg/mL represented high and low
      specific gravities, respectively). Each drug solution was labeled with
      radioactive carbon and the drug content of the effluent was analyzed by liquid
      scintillation. For each set of variables, samples were also tested after the
      tubing was flushed with 5% dextrose injection 0.2-0.6 mL. Similar procedures were
      followed to determine delivery of the labeled penicillin G potassium solution via
      a dual-lumen extension set with intraluminal diameters of 0.020 inch (for drug)
      and 0.060 inch (for the primary infusion); a 13-mm-diameter, 0.2 micron filter
      was attached to the smaller-lumen tubing. A primary infusion flow rate of 5 mL/hr
      and flush volumes of 0.3 and 0.6 mL were used in this study. To determine the
      influence of intraluminal diameter on the flush volume required for delivery of a
      dose of aminophylline (1-mL volume), single-lumen extension tubings with
      different diameters were tested. The final percentage of the drug dose delivered
      via the dual-lumen extension set with 0.020-inch lumens was affected only by
      flush volume.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4073071
TI  - Automated administration of intermittent intravenous doses.
AB  - The cost difference of administering cimetidine 300 mg via intravenous piggyback
      (IVPB) every six hours by a conventional separate container system versus using
      an automated intermittent i.v. administration system was evaluated. The study was
      conducted in two phases. Phase 1 documented the amount of drug waste with the two
      systems, and phase 2 examined the practical use of the IVAC Multi Dose System.
      Nurses who administered the medication using the multiple-dose system completed a
      questionnaire on its operation. A materials cost analysis was performed to
      compare the two methods. The two systems were found to have approximately
      equivalent amounts of drug waste over the 30-day evaluation period of phase 1.
      The mean percentage of doses wasted was 12.2% with the conventional single-dose
      minibag method and 12.7% with the automated multiple-dose method. The multiple
      dose system had a lower cost per dose of cimetidine ($2.25 versus $3.47). These
      savings appear to outweigh the cost of the additional equipment necessary for the
      automated system. The majority of nurses preferred the multiple-dose system.
      Potential problems encountered in accurately delivering doses with the multiple
      dose automated system were identified, and possible solutions are suggested. The
      use of an automated multiple-dose i.v. administration system can potentially
      decrease the materials cost portion of drug administration. The total impact on
      hospital costs needs to be evaluated, and other comparisons with alternative
      administration systems need to be performed.

PMID- 4073072
TI  - Home health care and the hospital pharmacist.

PMID- 4073073
TI  - Current trends in home health care.
AB  - The historical development and future of home health-care (HHC) services are
      reviewed from the perspectives of hospitals and hospital pharmacists. Hospitals
      have had three choices available to them for offering HHC services: refer
      patients to outside vendor, establish joint ventures, or establish independent
      programs. The market strategies of HHC vendors are reviewed, and the factors that
      portend continued rapid growth for HHC are discussed. An active role by hospital
      pharmacy directors in planning hospital HHC services is advocated. HHC offers an
      opportunity for hospital pharmacists to contribute to the financial well-being of
      the institution and to better patient care.

PMID- 4073074
TI  - Evaluating alternatives for providing home health-care services.
AB  - Alternatives for providing home health-care services (HHC) are discussed. An
      institution may provide HHC services for a variety of reasons including economic
      incentives, physician requests, consumer demands, and a desire to provide
      continuity of care. In planning an HHC program, data should be collected to
      provide a reliable estimate for potential HHC referrals. Demographic and
      reimbursement information on potential referrals should also be collected. Six
      basic HHC functions--patients screening and selection, patient training, product
      compounding, supply distribution, clinical management, and reimbursement--are
      described. The level of institutional participation in each of these functions is
      determined by the number of patients who require the services, the availability
      of resources, and the interest and expertise of the hospital staff. Alternatives
      for carrying out these responsibilities are discussed. The process for screening
      potential HHC providers is described. The value of competitive bidding for HHC
      services is emphasized, and specific data for the bid request and contract
      development are presented. Hospitals can provide HHC services through a variety
      of mechanisms ranging from the total delegation of HHC responsibilities to an
      external organization to the independent assumption of all HHC functions by the
      hospital. Hospital pharmacists can play a leadership role in HHC program
      development.

PMID- 4073075
TI  - Complications of diabetes. Prevalence, detection, current treatment, and
      prognosis.
AB  - The late complications associated with diabetes mellitus affect the eye
      (retinopathy and cataract), the kidney (diabetic glomerulosclerosis), the nerves
      (mononeuropathies, distal symmetric polyneuropathy, and autonomic neuropathy),
      and the large blood vessels (coronary artery, cerebrovascular, and peripheral
      vascular disease). With the exception of large blood vessel disease, evidence in
      animals and humans has suggested that the development of diabetes-associated
      complications is related to metabolic abnormalities associated with
      hyperglycemia. Although the exact mechanism by which hyperglycemia causes damage
      in individual tissues is unknown, a number of potentially pathogenic mechanisms
      have been proposed. These include increased activity of the polyol pathway,
      disturbance in the metabolism of myo-inositol and its phospholipid derivatives,
      abnormal permeability of the small blood vessels, and excessive glycosylation of
      various proteins. With the introduction of potent aldose reductase inhibitors,
      the role of increased activity of the polyol pathway (and related abnormalities
      in myo-inositol metabolism) in the pathogenesis of diabetes-associated
      complications can be clarified.

PMID- 4073076
TI  - Overview of bacterial infections of the skin and soft tissue and clinical
      experience with ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium in their treatment.
AB  - The etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of skin and soft tissue infections are
      discussed, and the results of clinical experience with ticarcillin plus
      clavulanate potassium in these diseases at one clinic are reported. In a
      randomized and controlled clinical trial, the safety and effectiveness of
      ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium and cefazolin were compared in the
      treatment of soft tissue infections in 20 patients. The 12 patients in the group
      treated with ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium included 10 men and two
      women, with a mean age of 61 years; the eight patients in the group treated with
      cefazolin were five men and three women, with a mean age of 63.8 years.
      Ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium was administered for four to 26 days (mean
      12.5 days), and cefazolin for four to 20 days (mean 12 days). There were 29
      evaluable pathogens in the group receiving ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium
      and 22 in the group receiving cefazolin. Of the 29 pathogens in the former group,
      22 were eradicated; three reinfections or superinfections occurred but were
      ultimately eradicated, and four pathogens persisted. Eighteen of the 22 pathogens
      in the cefazolin-treated group were eliminated and the other four persisted.
      Clinically, six of the 12 patients in the ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium
      treated group had cures, four showed improvement, and two failed to show a
      response. In the cefazolin-treated group, five of the eight patients had cures,
      one showed improvement, and two failed to show a response.

PMID- 4073077
TI  - Ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid (Timentin) therapy for osteomyelitis.
AB  - Timentin is an exciting new antibiotic agent that is a combination of ticarcillin
      and clavulanic acid. Forty-seven patients with osteomyelitis received 3.1 g of
      Timentin intravenously every six hours. The mean duration of therapy was 32 days.
      The diagnosis was made by bone biopsy; bone biopsy was repeated at the completion
      of therapy. The bacterial etiology was predominately gram-positive organisms. Of
      the organisms isolated, Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate and
      represented 39 percent of the total isolates. Streptococcus species were isolated
      in 13 percent, Group D Enterococcus in 15 percent, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 10
      percent; 23 percent of the isolates were other gram-negative organisms. All but
      one organism were initially sensitive to Timentin. Three resistant organisms were
      isolated during therapy. Twenty-seven patients were classified as having a cure,
      based on no growth on repeat bone biopsy cultures and clinical signs of bone
      healing. Twenty-two patients returned for follow-up (one to nine months after
      therapy) and had no evidence of infection; however, because of the short follow
      up period, these patients were classified as showing improvement. Six patients
      had adverse reactions to Timentin: two had mild allergic phenomena and two had
      prolonged bleeding times. In all four, therapy was discontinued. Two patients had
      a transient, mild elevation in the level of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase
      (less than twice normal levels). This new agent looks exciting for therapy of
      both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial osteomyelitis.

PMID- 4073078
TI  - Ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid versus moxalactam in the treatment of skin and
      soft tissue infections.
AB  - A formulation of 3.0 g of ticarcillin and 0.1 g of clavulanic acid was evaluated
      in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections, and its efficacy was
      compared with that of moxalactam in a randomized open study. Thirty-three
      patients received 3.1 g of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid every six hours via
      intravenous infusion, and 36 patients received 2.0 g of moxalactam every eight
      hours via intravenous infusion. Diagnostic categories included intramuscular
      abscesses, cellulitis, skin ulcers, gangrene, and perirectal abscesses. The
      average age of the patients and the duration of therapy were similar in both
      groups. Overall, 45 aerobic and 25 anaerobic bacteria were isolated from the
      ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid-treated patients; 58 aerobic and 24 anaerobic
      bacteria were isolated from the moxalactam-treated patients. Thirty of 33
      patients in the ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid-treated group had a satisfactory
      response; a skin rash developed in one patient; therapy failed in one patient
      with Staphylococcus aureus infection; and one patient died as a result of a
      bleeding peptic ulcer. In the moxalactam-treated group, 32 of 36 patients had a
      satisfactory response; a skin rash developed in one patient; therapy failed in a
      patient with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection; and two patients were unevaluable.
      Ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid as a single agent was found to be as effective
      as moxalactam in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections.

PMID- 4073079
TI  - Timentin versus moxalactam in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections.

PMID- 4073080
TI  - Comparative study of ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium and moxalactam in the
      treatment of surgical infections of the soft tissue.

PMID- 4073081
TI  - Safety and efficacy of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid in the treatment of
      infections of soft tissue, bone, and joint.
AB  - The efficacy and safety of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid in the treatment of
      patients with infections of soft tissue, bone, and joint were evaluated in this
      open study. Clinical diagnoses included osteomyelitis, soft tissue abscess or
      ulcer, cellulitis, bite wound, traumatic or postoperative cellulitis, necrotizing
      fasciitis, septic arthritis, septic bursitis, and septic thrombophlebitis. Trauma
      or underlying disease such as diabetes mellitus or vascular insufficiency was
      common (more than 50 percent) in the patient population. Clinical efficacy was
      evaluable in 66 patients who received 3 g of ticarcillin and 0.1 g of clavulanic
      acid every four or six hours for a mean of 23.4 days. A satisfactory clinical
      response was observed in 92 percent of the patients. Major pathogens isolated
      were Enterobacteriaceae, anaerobic cocci, Staphylococcus aureus, and beta
      hemolytic Streptococcus. Of the 143 isolates recovered from 55 bacteriologically
      evaluable cases, 87 percent were eradicated by therapy. Overall, a satisfactory
      bacteriologic outcome occurred in 93 percent of the patients, and the pathogen(s)
      persisted in 7 percent. More than 98 percent of the isolates were susceptible to
      ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid in vitro. Emergence of resistance during therapy
      occurred with three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Adverse drug-related
      reactions required discontinuation of treatment in two patients, although other
      minor abnormal laboratory findings were common. These results indicate that
      ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid offers safe and effective therapy for infections
      of soft tissue, bone, and joint.

PMID- 4073082
TI  - Ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid versus moxalactam therapy of osteomyelitis,
      septic arthritis, and skin and soft tissue infections.
AB  - A controlled, randomized study to compare the efficacy and safety of ticarcillin
      plus clavulanic acid with moxalactam was carried out in 25 evaluable patients
      with bone, joint, and skin or skin structure infections. Of the 13 patients in
      the ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid-treated group, nine had osteomyelitis, two
      had septic arthritis, one had cellulitis, and one had a wound infection. Four of
      the 12 moxalactam-treated patients had osteomyelitis, one had septic arthritis,
      and the other seven had cellulitis and/or infected ulcers. A total of 21
      causative organisms were isolated in the group treated with ticarcillin plus
      clavulanic acid: Enterobacteriaceae (10), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (five), obligate
      anaerobes (three), Staphylococcus aureus (two), and Acinetobacter species (one).
      Cultures in the moxalactam-treated group yielded 23 pathogens: Enterobacteriaceae
      (seven), S. aureus (six), group B streptococci (four), P. aeruginosa (two),
      obligate anaerobes (two), Streptococcus pyogenes (one), and Aeromonas species
      (one). A cure or satisfactory response was achieved in 12 of the 13 (92 percent)
      patients who received ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid and in 10 of the 12 (83
      percent) patients who received moxalactam. One patient with septic arthritis who
      received ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid had a relapse during therapy, as did
      one moxalactam-treated patient with a post-surgical wound infection. The other
      patient in whom moxalactam treatment failed had a wound infection that became
      reinfected. Some abnormalities in laboratory parameters occurred in each group,
      but none was severe enough to warrant discontinuation of treatment.

PMID- 4073083
TI  - Antibiotics in penetrating abdominal trauma. Comparison of ticarcillin plus
      clavulanic acid with gentamicin plus clindamycin.
AB  - A comparative trial of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid with gentamicin plus
      clindamycin was conducted in 85 patients who sustained penetrating abdominal
      wounds. The antibiotic regimens were given for 24 hours. The overall wound and/or
      intra-abdominal infection rate was 5.9 percent. Patients who sustained gunshot
      wounds to hollow viscera were at highest risk. Infection developed in one of 53
      (1.9 percent) patients who received ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid and in four
      of 32 (12 percent) patients who received gentamicin plus clindamycin. These
      differences were not statistically significant. These data support the use of
      short-course (24-hour) antibiotic therapy in this clinical setting and
      demonstrate that ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid is efficacious as a preventive
      antibiotic combination.

PMID- 4073084
TI  - Comparison of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid with cefoxitin in the treatment of
      female pelvic infection.
AB  - Ninety-three female patients with post-cesarean endometritis, post-hysterectomy
      pelvic cellulitis, and other miscellaneous moderately severe pelvic soft-tissue
      infections were treated in a randomized fashion with either ticarcillin plus
      clavulanic acid or cefoxitin. Of the 47 patients treated with ticarcillin plus
      clavulanic acid, 38 had clinical cures, four showed improvement, therapy failed
      in three, and two were nonevaluable, for a failure rate of 6.7 percent. Of the 46
      patients treated with cefoxitin, 33 had clinical cures, five showed improvement,
      therapy failed in seven, and one was nonevaluable, for a failure rate of 15.6
      percent. Bacteriologically, the addition of clavulanic acid to ticarcillin was
      found to broaden the antibacterial spectrum to include some Escherichia coli,
      most Klebsiella, many coagulase-negative staphylococci, and all isolates of
      Staphylococcus aureus. Adverse reactions were few, with only one patient having
      therapy with cefoxitin discontinued because of side effects. It is concluded that
      ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid is quite suitable for antibiotic therapy of
      female pelvic soft-tissue infection, based on the (expanded) coverage of both
      aerobic and anaerobic bacterial species.

PMID- 4073085
TI  - Comparative clinical evaluation of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid versus
      clindamycin plus gentamicin in treatment of post-cesarean endomyometritis.
AB  - A new single-antibiotic combination of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid was
      compared with the standard two-drug regimen of clindamycin and gentamicin in the
      treatment of post-cesarean endomyometritis. The regimens were as follows: 3 g of
      ticarcillin plus 100 mg of clavulanic acid intravenously every four hours; or 600
      mg of clindamycin intravenously every six hours plus 3 to 5 mg/kg per day of
      gentamicin intramuscularly. The prospective randomized schedule was calculated
      such that half the patients were assigned to each treatment group. The diagnosis
      of endomyometritis was based upon an elevated oral temperature of 100.4 degrees F
      or higher on any two occasions, excluding the first 24 hours after delivery,
      uterine tenderness, and the absence of other foci of infection. Lochial discharge
      was foul in most cases. Forty-seven patients were treated. Treatment was
      successful in all patients who received clindamycin and gentamicin; ticarcillin
      plus clavulanic acid failed in two of 23 (9 percent) patients. Patients in whom
      treatment failed did not appear to be different from those in whom treatment was
      successful on demographic variables or in terms of risk factors for
      endomyometritis. The difference between the treatment failure rates was not
      statistically significant. This study suggests that the single-drug combination
      of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid is effective in the treatment of post
      cesarean endomyometritis when compared with the standard regimen of clindamycin
      and gentamicin.

PMID- 4073086
TI  - Treatment of infections in hospitalized patients with ticarcillin plus clavulanic
      acid. A comparative study.
AB  - Ninety patients at the Wilmington Medical Center were enrolled in a comparative
      study to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid
      in the treatment of a variety of infections. Forty-seven women with obstetric or
      gynecologic infections were randomly assigned to receive ticarcillin plus
      clavulanic acid or cefoxitin. Forty-three patients with gram-negative septicemia
      or lower respiratory tract infection were given ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid
      or tobramycin plus piperacillin in a randomized fashion. Of the 47 women with
      obstetric or gynecologic infections, 23 were randomly assigned to receive
      ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid, and 24 were randomly assigned to receive
      cefoxitin. Several patients in each group had underlying diseases such as
      diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. Of the 27 pathogens isolated in the group
      receiving ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid, 26 (96 percent) were eradicated,
      including all three ticarcillin-resistant pathogens. In the cefoxitin-treated
      group, 31 of the 33 (94 percent) pathogens were eliminated, including all four
      ticarcillin-resistant organisms. Three reinfections or superinfections occurred,
      and cefoxitin therapy failed to eliminate an enterococcus isolate from the
      endometrium in one patient. The clinical response in both treatment groups was
      excellent. Either cure or clinical improvement was achieved for all 18 sites of
      infection in the ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid-treated group and for all 22
      sites in the cefoxitin-treated group. There were no systemic drug reactions in
      either treatment group. In one patient in the cefoxitin-treated group, local
      phlebitis developed at the infusion site. This reaction responded to local
      therapy. There were no local reactions among the patients receiving ticarcillin
      plus clavulanic acid. Of the 43 patients with gram-negative septicemia or lower
      respiratory tract infection, 21 were randomly assigned to receive ticarcillin
      plus clavulanic acid and 22 were assigned to receive tobramycin plus
      piperacillin. Thirty-six patients had gram-negative sepsis, and seven patients
      had lower respiratory tract infection. Nine of the 36 patients suspected of
      having gram-negative sepsis were not evaluable because no pathogen was isolated
      prior to treatment. Twenty-two of the 27 patients treated for septicemia had good
      clinical and microbiologic responses. Three of the seven patients with pneumonia
      were not evaluable. Of the four evaluable patients, two had pneumococcus
      pneumonia; one was treated with tobramycin plus piperacillin and one with
      ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid. In both instances, the clinical and
      bacteriologic responses were considered good.

PMID- 4073087
TI  - Current needs for new beta-lactam antibiotics in pediatrics.
AB  - Six common clinical situations in infants and children are discussed from the
      point of view of standard therapeutic regimens: neonatal sepsis and meningitis;
      febrile episodes in neutropenia; bacterial meningitis; acute pulmonary
      exacerbations of cystic fibrosis; pneumonia, bone and joint infections, and
      cellulitis in patients less than four years of age; and intra-abdominal sepsis.
      Potential or actual problems with these therapeutic regimens and newer
      therapeutic options are outlined.

PMID- 4073088
TI  - Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of ticarcillin disodium plus clavulanate
      potassium in adolescent patients with malignancies.

PMID- 4073089
TI  - Use of ticarcillin disodium plus clavulanate potassium in the management of acute
      bacterial infections in children.
AB  - Ticarcillin disodium plus clavulanate potassium (in a ratio of 30:1) was used to
      treat 30 children (mean age equal to 4.9 years) with acute infections of the
      urinary tract, skeletal system, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, skin
      and subcutaneous tissue, and blood. The drug was administered by the intravenous
      or intramuscular route in a dose of 310 mg/kg per day in six divided doses (26
      patients) or 207 mg/kg per day in four divided doses (four patients). Duration of
      therapy ranged from two to 14 days (mean equal to 5.4 days), and resolution of
      infection was quite satisfactory in all cases, including those involving beta
      lactamase-producing bacteria, although reinfection occurred five days after
      successful therapy of a urinary tract infection due to Escherichia coli. No
      adverse clinical or biochemical changes attributable to administration of
      ticarcillin disodium plus clavulanate potassium were observed. Ticarcillin
      disodium plus clavulanate potassium appears to be safe and effective therapy for
      a wide range of acute infections in children, including those caused by at least
      some pathogens that produce beta-lactamase.

PMID- 4073091
TI  - Ticarcillin disodium plus clavulanate potassium as initial therapy for
      hospitalized pediatric patients.

PMID- 4073090
TI  - Timentin therapy for bone, joint, and deep soft tissue infections in children.
AB  - Timentin, a combination of clavulanic acid (0.1 g) and ticarcillin (3.0 g), has
      proved effective in vitro against bacterial pathogens that produce beta
      lactamases. The usual etiologic bacteria of osteochondritis of the foot
      (Pseudomonas species) and osteomyelitis/septic arthritis (Staphylococcus aureus)
      are commonly resistant to penicillins. To date, we have used Timentin to treat 30
      children with bone, joint, and deep soft tissue infections. Timentin was
      administered intravenously at an average dosage of 207 mg/kg per day for mild to
      moderate infection and 310 mg/kg per day for bone and joint infections with
      systemic signs (sepsis). The lower dose was used in 24 patients and the other six
      patients, who had signs of sepsis, received the higher dose. All patients
      received Timentin intravenously over 30 minutes every four to six hours for a
      minimum of five days (mean 6.6 +/- 2.6 days, range five to 14 days). The mean
      time to defervescence and/or reduction in clinical symptoms was 1.6 +/- 1.3 days
      (range zero to four days). Osteochondritis due to P. aeruginosa was diagnosed in
      six patients, and septic bursitis, osteomyelitis, or septic arthritis due to S.
      aureus (13 patients) or Staphylococcus species and group A streptococci (four
      patients) was diagnosed in 17 patients. All isolates were susceptible to Timentin
      in vitro by disk-diffusion analysis. All patients showed a response to therapy
      with Timentin, with or without surgical intervention. All patients had clinical
      and microbiologic cures; no adverse reactions or side effects were observed.
      There have been no clinical or microbiologic relapses to date. Timentin may prove
      to be useful in specific bone and joint infections in children.

PMID- 4073092
TI  - In vitro activity and disk susceptibility of Timentin: current status.

PMID- 4073093
TI  - In vitro activity and in vivo evaluation of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid
      against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - The efficacy of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid was compared with that of
      certain broad-spectrum antibiotics such as ticarcillin, azlocillin, and
      piperacillin against blood culture isolates of aerobic bacteria obtained from
      seriously ill patients and anaerobic bacteria obtained from other miscellaneous
      infections. Ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid was found to be as effective as
      other broad-spectrum antibiotics against most of the 285 septicemic isolates
      tested. Ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid was most effective against 351 anaerobic
      bacteria, including B. fragilis. Further, 32 strains of B. fragilis that were
      relatively resistant to ticarcillin and azlocillin were tested with a mixture of
      ticarcillin or azlocillin, each in combination with clavulanic acid. Ticarcillin
      plus clavulanic acid inhibited all 32 strains of B. fragilis. Addition of
      clavulanic acid to cephalothin, penicillin, or azlocillin also augmented the
      antibiotic activity against B. fragilis by 4- to 64-fold. These in vitro data
      suggest that ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid may be used as a single antibiotic
      in the cases of bacterial septicemias and that the combination may be used in the
      treatment of multiple-antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. In a related study,
      the augmentation activity of clavulanic acid with penicillin or ticarcillin was
      evaluated against B. fragilis in a rat intra-abdominal abscess model. Gelatin
      capsules filled with a mixture of B. fragilis and Escherichia coli were implanted
      intraperitoneally in male Wistar rats. Four different groups of animals with
      appropriate controls were treated with penicillin or ticarcillin alone or in
      combination with clavulanic acid. Treatment was started immediately or delayed
      for 48 hours after peritoneal soilage. The mortality rate decreased by almost one
      half when antibiotic therapy was started immediately. Treatment with ticarcillin
      plus clavulanic acid resulted in a cure in 70 to 89 percent of animals, showing
      that this combination is the most effective regimen in the treatment of rats with
      experimental intra-abdominal abscesses caused by B. fragilis and E. coli.

PMID- 4073094
TI  - Pharmacology of ticarcillin combined with clavulanic acid in humans.
AB  - Serum and urine levels of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid after administration of
      doses of 50 mg/kg and 1.7 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg and 3 g/0.1 g, respectively, are
      potentially toxic to susceptible bacteria. Both compounds are widely distributed
      in body tissues and fluids, with concentrations exceeding the minimal inhibitory
      concentrations of most pathogens. Excretion is primarily renal, although there is
      some metabolism of clavulanate in the body. Due to accumulation, dosage
      adjustment is required for patients with renal insufficiency. Both ticarcillin
      and clavulanic acid are cleared by hemodialysis.

PMID- 4073095
TI  - Clinical pharmacology and safety evaluation of Timentin.

PMID- 4073096
TI  - Ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid in the treatment of patients with cancer.
AB  - Since the combination of ticarcillin with clavulanic acid is active against many
      otherwise resistant organisms that commonly affect patients with cancer, a
      therapeutic trial with ticarcillin disodium plus clavulanate potassium for
      treating infections in cancer patients was conducted. A total of 127 evaluable
      patients were treated with this antibiotic. Of these, 63 percent were women with
      breast carcinoma, 28 percent were patients with leukemia, and the remainder were
      patients with sarcomas and lung cancer. The median duration of therapy was 7.7
      days. There were 63 documented infections, with bacteriologic documentation in 39
      episodes. Because of the high incidence of gram-positive infections and after the
      failure of ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium in two of these episodes,
      vancomycin was added to the regimen. The overall response rate was 75 percent. In
      microbiologically proved infections, the response rate was 79 percent. Thirteen
      of 17 gram-negative infections responded (76 percent), including four of four
      episodes caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The only failures in this group were
      two episodes with Klebsiella species, one episode with Escherichia coli, and one
      episode with Enterobacter species. Of the gram-positive infections treated
      without vancomycin, five of eight (63 percent) responded and only two episodes
      due to Staphylococcus aureus and one due to JK diphtheroid bacteria failed. All
      episodes treated with the combination of ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium
      and vancomycin responded. Seven of eight (88 percent) polymicrobial infections
      and 73 percent of those infections without identified organisms responded as
      well. The overall response rates for septicemia, pneumonia, soft tissue
      infections, and urinary tract infections were 71, 50, 71, and 83 percent,
      respectively. Of five microbiologically proved superinfections, three were
      fungal, and one each was due to Klebsiella species and S. aureus. No toxicity was
      observed. For 12 organisms, the minimal inhibitory concentration was lower for
      ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium than for ticarcillin alone; in six it was
      identical. Five organisms were resistant to both, and three that were resistant
      to ticarcillin were sensitive to ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium.
      Ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium is a safe drug with an expanded spectrum
      of activity. More therapeutic trials need to be conducted to better define its
      role in the therapy of serious infections in cancer patients.

PMID- 4073097
TI  - Lower respiratory tract infection.
AB  - The most important lower respiratory infection is pneumonia, the fourth leading
      cause of death. Most cases of bronchitis are of viral etiology and are not major
      problems. Empyema can present an important problem in management. Although the
      diagnosis of pneumonia is usually relatively straightforward, the specific
      etiologic diagnosis remains a major problem. Availability of empyema fluid or a
      positive blood culture result can be helpful in making the etiologic diagnosis,
      but these are unavailable in most patients. Screening of sputum Gram stains under
      100 X magnification is very important; there should be fewer than 10 squamous
      epithelial cells, more than 25 polymorphonuclear leukocytes, or both per field of
      this size. The major causes of pneumonia are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma
      pneumoniae, anaerobic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, various gram-negative
      aerobic or facultative bacilli and Legionella. However, many other organisms are
      capable of causing pneumonia, even in the immunocompetent host. Further adding to
      the problem is the fact that a number of different organisms are manifesting
      increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents. Our study with ticarcillin plus
      clavulanic acid included seven patients with pneumonia, one with empyema, and one
      with purulent tracheobronchitis. Organisms recovered from pleural fluid,
      transtracheal aspiration and sputum or tracheostomy aspirate included multiple
      anaerobes, pneumococci, S. aureus, Hemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
      K. ozaenae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus
      mirabilis, beta-hemolytic streptococci, Neisseria meningitidis and Branhamella
      catarrhalis. Several of the organisms were ticarcillin resistant. Eight of the
      patients had cures and the other patient showed improvement. Only minor side
      effects were encountered--Coombs' positivity (without hemolysis), eosinophilia,
      drug fever and one case of questionable neutropenia.

PMID- 4073098
TI  - Safety and effectiveness of ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium in treatment
      of lower respiratory tract infections.
AB  - The safety and effectiveness of ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium was
      evaluated in an open study of 43 patients with community-acquired lower
      respiratory tract infections. The mean age of the 28 patients in whom
      bacteriologic evaluations were possible was 55 years; at least two thirds of the
      patients had a history of alcoholism or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A
      pathogen was isolated from sputum samples in 23 patients; five of these 23 also
      had documented bacteremia. There were five additional cases of bacteremia
      associated with clinical signs and symptoms of pneumonia but with no organisms
      isolated from sputum cultures. Thirty-five pathogens were isolated from the 33
      evaluable infection sites, primarily Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus
      influenzae. S. pneumoniae was the causative organism in all 10 cases of
      bacteremia. Ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium (3 g of ticarcillin and 100 mg
      of clavulanic acid) was administered intravenously for a mean of six days. All 35
      organisms isolated before treatment were eradicated. In one patient a
      superinfection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa developed after treatment with
      ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium. A clinical evaluation was possible for 32
      of the 33 infection sites; clinical cure was achieved at 31 sites and improvement
      was seen at the other site. All 43 patients were monitored for adverse reactions
      by both clinical observation and laboratory tests. In one patient, reversible
      thrombocytopenia developed that required discontinuation of ticarcillin plus
      clavulanate potassium. In another patient, there was a slight decrease in the
      potassium level during therapy. No systemic adverse reactions occurred, nor was
      there any instance of local effects associated with the intravenous infusion of
      the drug.

PMID- 4073099
TI  - Ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid in the treatment of pneumonia and other serious
      infections.
AB  - Clavulanic acid is a potent inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamases, and
      ticarcillin is a potent antipseudomonal penicillin. The combination of
      ticarcillin disodium and clavulanate potassium provides an excellent spectrum of
      activity against the majority of bacterial pathogens responsible for serious
      infections in both normal and abnormal hosts. Eighteen courses of therapy were
      administered to 16 patients; 35 percent of the patients were in poor or critical
      condition, and all but one had severe underlying disease. Thirteen separate
      episodes of pneumonia were treated, of which nine were in patients with cystic
      fibrosis, and 11 involved Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Of the 13 cases of pneumonia,
      11 showed clinical cure or improvement, whereas only three showed bacteriologic
      cure. Of the four nonpulmonary cases, three showed clinical improvement or cure,
      and one showed a bacteriologic cure. In two patients, phlebitis developed at the
      site of intravenous infusion. The combination of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid
      is safe and effective therapy for pneumonia in anatomically compromised hosts.

PMID- 4073100
TI  - Efficacy and safety of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid and piperacillin in
      patients with lower respiratory tract infections.

PMID- 4073101
TI  - Comparative study of ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium versus piperacillin
      in the treatment of hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections.
AB  - The efficacy and safety of ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium and
      piperacillin were compared in a clinical trial of 78 hospitalized patients with
      urinary tract infections. There were 37 evaluable patients in the ticarcillin
      plus clavulanate potassium-treated group and 39 in the piperacillin-treated
      group. The 43 infection sites in each group were primarily complicated
      pyelonephritis or complicated cystitis; six patients in the ticarcillin plus
      clavulanate potassium-treated group and four in the piperacillin-treated group
      also had septicemia. Both ticarcillin (3 g) plus clavulanate potassium (200 mg)
      and piperacillin (125 to 200 mg/kg per day) were administered intravenously. The
      43 most common pathogens in each treatment group were Escherichia coli,
      Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the urinary tract and E.
      coli from the blood. Eight pathogens in the ticarcillin plus clavulanate
      potassium-treated group and 11 in the piperacillin-treated group were resistant
      to ticarcillin in vitro. Eradication was achieved for 39 of the 43 (91 percent)
      pathogens in the ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium group, including all six
      organisms isolated from the blood and eight (89 percent) of the ticarcillin
      resistant pathogens. In the piperacillin-treated group, 33 of the 43 (77 percent)
      pathogens were eradicated, including three of the four blood isolates but only
      eight (73 percent) of the ticarcillin-resistant pathogens. The rate of
      reinfection or relapse was similar in both groups. Clinical cure or improvement
      occurred in 97 percent of the patients in each group. Mild and transient
      increases in levels of liver enzymes or eosinophilia was reported for 11 patients
      in the ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium-treated group and for seven in the
      piperacillin-treated group. In one patient in the ticarcillin plus clavulanate
      potassium-treated group, a drug-related rash and nausea developed, and treatment
      was discontinued.

PMID- 4073102
TI  - Timentin versus piperacillin in the therapy of serious urinary tract infections.
AB  - In a comparative study, 47 patients received Timentin, a combination of
      ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid, or piperacillin to treat serious urinary tract
      infections. Thirty-nine infections in 38 patients were clinically evaluable (21
      in the Timentin-treated group and 18 in the piperacillin-treated group). These
      included pyelonephritis (10 in the Timentin-treated group and five in the
      piperacillin-treated group), bladder infections with sepsis (11 in the Timentin
      treated group and 11 in the piperacillin-treated group) and bladder infections
      without fever (two in the piperacillin-treated group). The addition of clavulanic
      acid to ticarcillin greatly enhanced the susceptibility of five of the 28
      evaluable pathogens in the Timentin-treated group (two Escherichia coli isolates,
      two Staphylococcus aureus isolates, and one Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate). The
      minimal inhibitory concentrations at which 50 and 90 percent of the bacterial
      growth was inhibited were 4 and 64 micrograms/ml, respectively, for Timentin, and
      4 and 32 micrograms/ml, respectively, for piperacillin. All evaluable patients
      had a satisfactory symptomatic response at the end of the trial. Of 28 evaluable
      pathogens treated with Timentin, 18 were eradicated up through the one-week post
      therapy evaluation period; of 27 evaluable pathogens treated with piperacillin,
      18 were eradicated up through the same time period. Eradicated pathogens included
      E. coli (six of 13 in the Timentin-treated group and six of 11 in the
      piperacillin-treated group), other Enterobacteriaceae (three of three in the
      Timentin-treated group and eight of 10 in the piperacillin-treated group),
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa (two of four in the piperacillin-treated group),
      enterococcus (two of three in the Timentin-treated group and two of two in the
      piperacillin-treated group), staphylococcal species (four of five in the Timentin
      treated group), and other organisms (three of four in the Timentin-treated
      group). Resistance did not develop in any of the persisting pathogens. Adverse
      effects thought possibly to be related to the study drugs were minimal and
      included rash in one Timentin-treated patient and diarrhea in another.

PMID- 4073103
TI  - Are patients with hip fractures more osteoporotic?

PMID- 4073104
TI  - Thyroid lymphoma in a patient with hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 4073105
TI  - A physician/medical industrial ethos.

PMID- 4073106
TI  - Job's friends.

PMID- 4073107
TI  - Influence of electrocardiographic findings on admission decisions in patients
      with acute chest pain.
AB  - This study prospectively evaluated the influence of current electrocardiograms
      obtained at the time of emergency department presentation, as well as that of
      previous comparison electrocardiograms, on decision-making regarding coronary
      care unit admission of patients presenting with a chief complaint of chest pain
      or chest pain equivalent. Emergency department physicians were asked to commit
      themselves to recommending either coronary care unit admission or some other
      disposition, both before and after evaluating current comparison
      electrocardiographic findings. They were also asked, prior to reviewing these
      results, whether they thought information gained from the electrocardiograms
      would have any affect on their decision. Despite wide expectation that
      electrocardiographic findings would in fact affect decision-making, neither
      current nor comparison electrocardiograms virtually ever altered the ultimate
      decision of whether or not to admit. Faculty and house officers performed
      similarly in all regards, except insofar as attending physicians were less likely
      to expect electrocardiographic findings to help them in patients who were
      ultimately discharged. Emergency department nurses, who were asked whether they
      believed these patients needed admission to a coronary care unit on the basis of
      only a brief initial triage history, performed very similarly to the physicians.
      Thus, electrocardiographic findings are rarely if ever helpful in determining the
      need for admission to a coronary care unit in patients presenting to the
      emergency department with chest pain, and seem to have particularly little value
      in patients in whom myocardial infarction is considered clinically unlikely.
      Although physicians at all levels of training often feel a need to rely on
      electrocardiograms in patients they ultimately admit, greater experience allows
      more senior physicians to be comfortable in correctly discharging patients with
      no clinical evidence of disease without obtaining an electrocardiogram. Routine
      ordering of electrocardiograms in patients with chest pain in whom likelihood of
      significant acute ischemic pain is clinically low should be reconsidered.

PMID- 4073108
TI  - D-lactate encephalopathy.
AB  - Although D-lactate is not a product of human intermediary metabolism, absorption
      of D-lactate produced by abnormal intestinal bacteria can cause systemic acidosis
      in patients who have undergone gastrointestinal surgery, particularly jejunoileal
      bypass. In order to learn more about the prevalence of D-lactate encephalopathy,
      its occurrence in other disorders, and how well D-lactate concentration
      correlates with clinical symptoms, serum D-lactate levels were determined in
      several specific populations. D-lactate was undetectable (less than 0.5
      mmol/liter) in 72 healthy volunteers and 57 obese persons. In 33 patients who had
      jejunoileal bypass, 16 reported symptoms consistent with D-lactate encephalopathy
      since surgery. Nine of these 16 had D-lactate levels greater than 0.5 mmol/liter
      (range 0.7 to 11.5 mmol/liter). Levels of D-lactate fluctuated over time, and in
      two patients, markedly elevated levels correlated with an encephalopathy
      accompanied by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and elevated anion gap. In 470
      randomly chosen hospitalized patients, D-lactate level greater than 0.5
      mmol/liter was found in 13 (2.8 percent), and 60 percent of these had a history
      of gastrointestinal surgery or disease. It is concluded that elevated serum D
      lactate levels are relatively common in patients with jejunoileal bypass, and
      although more rare, occur in other gastrointestinal disorders as well. The
      symptoms of D-lactate encephalopathy are quite sensitive, but not necessarily
      specific for this disorder.

PMID- 4073109
TI  - Teaching differential diagnosis to beginning clinical students.
AB  - Beginning clinical students cannot construct differential diagnoses the way more
      experienced students and physicians do because students lack knowledge and
      experience. Beginning students need a systematic framework for constructing a
      differential diagnosis. Such a framework can be developed using a two-dimensional
      grid, one axis being anatomic (referring to organs or structures), and the other
      listing types of disease (e.g., congenital, metabolic, infectious). Possible
      diagnoses that can explain major symptoms can then be fitted into the resulting
      grid. Examples are shown in this report for abdominal pain, chest pain, and
      edema. Such formulations may seem overly complete, but completeness is actually
      advantageous for students who are just starting to learn clinical medicine. Then,
      as they learn more about disease patterns and likelihood of occurrence, and
      elicit additional information from their patients, they can narrow and refine the
      diagnostic possibilities.

PMID- 4073110
TI  - Renal failure, stroke, and death in an elderly woman with rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 4073111
TI  - Autoimmune thrombocytopenia in sarcoidosis.
AB  - Severe thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly developed in a young man with
      sarcoidosis. Platelet-associated immunoglobulin (IgG) was strongly positive, and
      platelet survival studies revealed a half-life of five and a half hours.
      Treatment with prednisone and vincristine led to a rise in the platelet count to
      100,000/mm3 after two months with no change in the splenomegaly. Five months
      later, when the platelet count was normal, the level of platelet-associated IgG
      had fallen to normal. Repeated platelet survival studies showed an initial half
      life of three hours with a second half-life of two days, associated with
      accumulation in the spleen. Although there was evidence for splenic sequestration
      of platelets, the dominant mechanism of thrombocytopenia appeared to be antibody
      mediated destruction, analogous to that seen in idiopathic autoimmune
      thrombocytopenic purpura and responsive to immunosuppressive therapy.

PMID- 4073112
TI  - Accelerated recovery from immune-mediated thrombocytopenia with plasmapheresis.
AB  - Autoimmune thrombocytopenia unresponsive to corticosteroid therapy developed in a
      16-year-old female with long-standing Sjogren's syndrome. Serial plasma exchange
      caused a linear decrease in platelet antibody titer associated with a concomitant
      rise in platelet count. Statistical analysis of sequential platelet counts
      revealed an increase with plasmapheresis and immunosuppression that was
      significantly greater than that achieved with immunosuppression alone (p less
      than 0.005).

PMID- 4073113
TI  - Myelomatous ascites.
AB  - Ascites is an unusual feature of multiple myeloma. We report a case of ascites
      occurring early in the course of a patient with myeloma in whom there was no
      evidence of intra-abdominal plasmacytoma, and the skeleton was relatively spared.
      The serum contained predominantly polymeric IgA, a feature not investigated in
      previous cases. We reviewed the relevant literature and will discuss the
      suggestion that human myelomas presenting with the triad of ascites, relative or
      absolute sparing of the skeleton, and an IgA paraprotein bear an analogy to mouse
      myelomas induced by intraperitoneal instillation of irritants. The relevance of
      polymeric IgA is discussed with respect to tissue origin of the paraprotein.
      Seventeen cases were identified consistent with a definition of "myelomatous
      ascites" (malignant myeloma in which plasma cells and/or monoclonal
      immunoglobulin can be demonstrated in ascitic fluid). IgA immunoglobulin class
      was present at three times the incidence seen in myelomas in general (five of
      seven cases were specified). In twelve patients there was no identifiable intra
      abdominal plasmacytoma although liver infiltration was common. Amyloidosis was
      reported in only one case, and no cases of uncomplicated plasma cell leukemia
      were noted. Ascites was a presenting feature in five cases. In each of these five
      there was absolute or relative sparing of the skeleton, four had no evidence of
      plasmacytoma, and the paraprotein was IgA in three, IgG in one, and unreported in
      one. In no case was there a known history of chronic intra-abdominal irritation.

PMID- 4073114
TI  - Zomepirac-induced anaphylactic shock: an under-reported phenomenon.
AB  - Two patients presented with signs and symptoms of apparent zomepirac-induced
      anaphylactic shock. All recovered with appropriated therapy. The theories of the
      mechanisms by which nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs cause this serious
      adverse reaction are discussed.

PMID- 4073115
TI  - Pulmonary thromboembolic disease--diagnosis, management and prevention.
AB  - Pulmonary embolism remains a serious condition which has generated controversy
      regarding both the optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The development
      of newer modalities will eventually yield more efficient and safe approaches to
      both diagnosis and therapy; however, at the present time there is no definitive
      approach that can be recommended, and management must be individualized based on
      the patient's clinical status and the experience and expertise available at a
      particular institution.

PMID- 4073116
TI  - The influence of dietary protein deficiency on the performance of isolated muscle
      preparations from the rat left ventricle.
AB  - The contractile performance of isolated muscle preparations from the left
      ventricle of rats receiving a 3% casein protein deficient diet for two to three
      weeks was compared with the performance of muscle preparations from animals
      receiving a normal diet. The right and left ventricular weights from protein
      deficient animals were significantly decreased, but left ventricle/body weight
      and right ventricular/body weight ratios did not differ from control animals. The
      performance of the isolated muscle preparations revealed no differences in the
      following parameters measured at the apex of the length tension curve: peak
      active tension, resting tension, maximum rate of tension development and time to
      peak tension. RT1/2, an index of relaxation, and maximum rate of tension decline
      indicated relaxation rate was increased in preparations from protein deficient
      animals. We conclude that, while a protein deficient diet of two to three weeks
      duration results in proportionate decreases in body and cardiac chamber weight in
      comparison to control animals, no evidence for impaired contractile activity is
      seen.

PMID- 4073117
TI  - Refractory biventricular heart failure in secondary hemochromatosis.
AB  - Cardiac hemochromatosis usually presents with clinical congestive heart failure
      and an enlarged heart. A woman with secondary hemochromatosis and features of
      both restrictive and congestive cardiomyopathy with a normal sized heart is
      described. Despite all interventions she had progressive cardiac impairment and
      expired eight days following presentation. The clinical and laboratory findings
      of 49 cases of cardiac hemochromatosis during the last 50 years are reviewed.
      While the disease usually progresses slowly, a significant minority die within
      fourteen days of recognition. Not infrequently pericardial tamponade is
      entertained as a cause for this rapid deterioration; however, both a restrictive
      and congestive cardiomyopathy appear to be responsible for this catastrophic
      presentation.

PMID- 4073118
TI  - A family with the Saethre-Chotzen syndrome.
AB  - Acrocephalosyndactyly (ACS) is an inherited syndrome of premature synostosis of
      the cranial sutures and abnormalities in the distal segments of the limbs.
      Several forms of ACS have been described. ACS type III (or Saethre-Chotzen
      syndrome) is characterized by microcephaly, skull asymmetry, mild syndactyly, and
      facial abnormalities. We describe an Italian family with ACS III in which two
      sibs are clearly affected; the mother and the maternal grandmother show some
      features of the syndrome.

PMID- 4073119
TI  - Animal model. Light and electron microscopy of hepatocytes of cats with Chediak
      Higashi syndrome.
AB  - Cats with a condition resembling human Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) are the
      most recently described of five species of animals with similar syndromes. In
      this study, hepatocytes of cats with CHS were examined by light microscopy,
      histochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. Enlarged cytoplasmic
      granules, morphologically consistent with lysosomes, were present in many of the
      CHS cat hepatocytes. The enlarged lysosomes were generally larger and more
      numerous in centrilobular hepatocytes and were generally larger in older cats.
      The lesions were similar to those reported in other species with CHS suggesting
      that CHS cats are a valid animal model of human CHS.

PMID- 4073120
TI  - Thanatophoric dysplasia: fetal manifestations and prenatal diagnosis.
AB  - This paper describes two fetuses with thanatophoric dysplasia (TD) diagnosed in
      utero by ultrasonography. The fetuses were found to have severely short (less
      than 3rd centile), mildly bowed bones in one of them at 20 weeks and straight
      bones in the other at 34 weeks; bell-shaped chest; abnormal ribs (broadened and
      flattened at their ends); severe lung hypoplasia; hypoplastic, round-shaped
      vertebral bodies with hypoplastic arches; abnormally small pelvic bones,
      phalanges, metacarpals, and metatarsals. There was also an incipient "cloverleaf"
      skull deformity produced by fused posterior sagittal and lambdoidal sutures in
      the 20-week fetus and a definitive cloverleaf skull with communicating
      hydrocephaly in the 34-week fetus. The autopsies did not show any other
      abnormality. By xeroradiography after delivery, marked abnormalities of the
      endochondral and perichondral bone structures could be demonstrated in the 20
      week fetus but not in the 34-week fetus. They appear to constitute two different
      conditions. These cases are good examples of the possibilities brought by
      ultrasound to the analysis of the fetal phenotype in utero.

PMID- 4073121
TI  - Deletion of the distal long arm of chromosome 1: a definable syndrome.
AB  - Based on analysis of 15 cases, there appears to be a characteristic facial
      appearance and pattern of associated malformations that would allow clinical
      delineation of deletion of the distal bands of 1q. Characteristic manifestations
      include round face with prominent "cupid's bow" and downturned corners of the
      mouth, thin vermilion borders of lips, long upper lip with smooth philtrum, short
      and broad nose, epicanthal folds, apparently low-set ears, micrognathia,
      microcephaly, abnormal hands and feet, variable cardiac, genital, and other
      anomalies, moderate to severe mental retardation, and growth retardation. The
      deletion includes 1q42 or 1q43----qter and was a de novo defect in nine of 15
      cases.

PMID- 4073122
TI  - On monitoring the multiply malformed infant. I: Case-finding, case-recording, and
      data handling in a Latin American program.
AB  - The methods used by the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital
      Malformations (ECLAMC) for monitoring the birth prevalence of multiply malformed
      infants are based on a clinical-epidemiological approach oriented to the early
      detection of teratogenic agents. They consist of three steps: 1) the analysis of
      observed vs expected rates of all congenital anomalies (CA), including their
      isolated and associated forms; 2) the same type of analysis applied to each
      multiple congenital anomaly (MCA) pattern; and 3) a clinical case presentation
      reserved only for those considered as true MCA because of presence of three or
      more independent CA. During the period 1982-1983 299,231 infants were examined.
      Multiply malformed infants, excluding Down syndrome cases, were born at a rate of
      4/10,000, 40% having syndromes (two or more interrelated CA), 30% anomaly pairs,
      ie, two independent CA, and 30% true MCA cases. In a program with 150,000 births
      per year, as in ECLAMC, this means about five true MCA cases per week, a number
      easily handled individually on a clinical basis.

PMID- 4073123
TI  - Segregation patterns and phenotypes of unbalanced offspring in a large family
      with (10;18) chromosome translocation.
AB  - We describe a large family in whom a balanced 10;18 chromosome translocation is
      segregating through five generations. Six severely mentally retarded relatives
      and an abnormal fetus further define the phenotypic expression of dup (18q21---
      qter). Other segregants detected prenatally included a fetus with deletion 18q21-
      --qter and two fetuses with dup(18pter----q21) owing to tertiary trisomy. One of
      the latter also had an extra X chromosome; this might be another example of
      possible nonhomologous pairing in man.

PMID- 4073125
TI  - Planning a statewide genetic screening program: defining program functions to
      achieve desired outcomes.
AB  - When responsibility for administering the Genetic Screening Program in Georgia
      was transferred from an academic institution to state authority in 1982, the need
      was identified to reassess program planning. Accordingly, a cooperative effort
      was initiated between the Director of the Genetic Screening Program and
      representatives of the Centers for Disease Control to define desired program
      outcomes and the functions that should be performed to achieve these outcomes.
      This cooperative effort resulted in the development of specific and measurable
      outcomes for Georgia's Genetic Screening Program. These desired outcomes indicate
      the degree of reduction in morbidity and mortality associated with genetic
      diseases the Program is expected to achieve within a specified period of time.
      The major actions that should be taken to achieve these outcomes were also
      identified and delineated in sequence using flowchart format. These explicit
      descriptions of desired program outcomes and the functions necessary to achieve
      these outcomes provide the Genetic Screening Program Director with a valuable
      resource to use in planning program activities and assessing the extent to which
      the Program is successful in achieving its overall goal of reducing morbidity and
      mortality associated with genetic diseases.

PMID- 4073124
TI  - Histologic and ultrastructural studies on the mineralization process in
      hypophosphatasia.
AB  - Chondroosseous tissue from six infants with infantile hypophosphatasia and six
      control infants were studied by light, transmission, and scanning electron
      microscopy. Alkaline phosphatase histochemical reaction of the growth plate was
      studied in two infants and was greatly reduced when compared to two control
      infants. Hypertrophic chondrocytes were increased in number with persisting
      cartilage islets in the metaphysis. In five of the six cases studied,
      chondrocytes and intercartilagenous intercellular chondroid matrix appeared
      ultrastructurally normal. Matrix vesicle distribution was similar to that of
      control subjects, but they were associated with few mineral crystals. In two
      infants, the matrix vesicles were alkaline phosphatase nonreactive. In the
      calcifying zone of the growth plate and in the newly formed metaphyseal
      trabecular bone, cartilagenous calcospherites often were small and the
      orientation of crystals was nonradial when compared to that of control infants.
      The mineralization of diaphyseal bone appeared normal. It seems that matrix
      vesicles are present in hypophosphatasia and that the impaired mineralization of
      cartilage is due primarily to the deficiency of alkaline phosphatase. In spite of
      the lack of alkaline phosphatase, secondary mineralization of bone which is not
      mediated by matrix vesicles was normal.

PMID- 4073126
TI  - Phenotypic variation in the del(12p) syndrome.
AB  - Previous reports suggested the existence of a del(12p) syndrome. Phenotypic
      abnormalities associated with del(12p) appear to be mental retardation,
      microcephaly, and micrognathia. The patient with del(12p) reported here was
      normocephalic and large for gestational age. She probably had sclerocornea, a
      finding not previously associated with del(12p). Phenotypic variation in del(12p)
      syndrome is probably caused by differences in the size of the deleted segment
      and/or the presence or absence of mutant genes on the homologous 12p segment.

PMID- 4073127
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses.
AB  - We report on the successful prenatal diagnosis of the late infantile "Jansky
      Bielschowsky" variant of the neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCL). The fetus was
      studied at 16 weeks of gestation because of an affected sib. Uncultured amniotic
      fluid cells were studied by conventional electron microscopic techniques. About
      one-third of a subpopulation of dark, elongated cells contained one or more
      deposits of curvilinear cytosomes bound by a single unit membrane. These findings
      were considered typical of the late infantile variant of NCL. After delivery at
      term, a skin punch biopsy and a buffy coat preparation from the baby were
      examined and found to have similar characteristic inclusions, which confirmed our
      prenatal diagnosis.

PMID- 4073128
TI  - An autosomal dominant syndrome of short stature with mesomelic shortness of
      limbs, abnormal carpal and tarsal bones, hypoplastic middle phalanges, and
      bipartite calcanei.
AB  - This paper describes seven persons in a family affected with an autosomal
      dominant syndrome of short stature with mesomelic shortness of upper and lower
      limbs, abnormal carpal and tarsal bones, hypoplastic or absent middle phalanges
      of hands and feet, and delayed coalescence of bipartite calcanei. All affected
      relatives are of normal intelligence, are free of eye problems, and have a normal
      skull, spine, shoulders, and hips. The digits of the hands and feet are short,
      broad, and angulated. The hypoplastic or absent middle phalanges effectively
      result in one interphalangeal joint for each digit, with decreased mobility. The
      bones of the carpus and tarsus coalesce with increasing age. None of the
      previously described syndromes or brachydactylies encompasses the findings noted
      in this kindred.

PMID- 4073129
TI  - Autopsy findings in a stillborn female infant with the Osebold-Remondini
      syndrome.
AB  - The Osebold-Remondini syndrome is a bone dysplasia with mesomelic shortness of
      limbs and, hence, shortness of stature, absence or hypoplasia of second phalanges
      with synostosis of the remaining phalanges, carpal and tarsal coalitions, and
      apparently no other anomalies. This is an autosomal dominant condition. In the
      family described by Osebold et al [1985], a female infant with the Osebold
      Remondini syndrome was still-born. Cause of fetal death could not be determined,
      and, at the moment, cannot be assumed to be a pleiotropic manifestation of this
      gene. The skeletal abnormalities in the infant are described and illustrated.
      Histologic structure of bone (proximal femur, vertebral bodies, iliac crest, and
      costal junctions) was studied by light and electronmicroscopy. Several histologic
      and ultrastructural abnormalities found suggest that the Osebold-Remondini
      syndrome may involve more generalized anomalies of bone development than the
      clinical picture might suggest.

PMID- 4073130
TI  - Unusual facial appearance, microcephaly, growth and mental retardation, and
      syndactyly. A new syndrome?
AB  - A syndrome with similarities to blepharo-naso-facial and KBG syndromes is
      described, indicating some important differences.

PMID- 4073131
TI  - Possible metronidazole teratogenicity and clefting.

PMID- 4073132
TI  - Intrapartum fetal surveillance: the role of fetal scalp blood sampling.
AB  - Continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring and fetal scalp blood sampling
      have traditionally played a complementary role in intrapartum fetal surveillance.
      Nevertheless, biochemical assessment of fetal blood pH, with the use of scalp or
      umbilical cord blood, is often viewed as the "gold standard" against which
      biophysical indicators of fetal distress must be judged. In actual clinical
      practice, however, fetal scalp blood sampling is only rarely used. In addition,
      there is a growing body of evidence to suggest that, when properly interpreted,
      fetal heart rate assessment may be equal or superior to measurement of fetal
      blood pH in the prediction of both good and bad fetal outcomes. Under certain
      circumstances, fetal scalp blood sampling remains a valuable clinical tool;
      however, we recommend a deemphasis of fetal scalp blood sampling in general
      clinical practice. Both theoretical and practical considerations suggest that the
      properly trained clinician may pursue an approach for the detection of fetal
      distress that does not include scalp blood sampling without either compromising
      his ability to detect fetal distress or significantly increasing the cesarean
      section rate.

PMID- 4073133
TI  - Fetal death during labor: an epidemiologic indicator of level of obstetric care.
AB  - The effect of level of perinatal care on rates of intrapartum fetal death was
      studied in births of infants weighing greater than 1000 gm in New York City in
      1976 to 1978. With potential confounding by birth weight, gestational age, and
      several other variables controlled, intrapartum fetal death rates decreased as
      intensiveness of care increased. Compared with births in Level 3 maternity units
      (perinatal intensive care), births in Level 1 units (community hospitals) had a
      61% excess risk of intrapartum fetal death (p less than 0.01) and births in Level
      2 units (intermediate level of care) had a 35% excess risk (p = 0.06). The effect
      of hospital level on intrapartum fetal death rates could not be attributed to
      differences in the classification of fetal deaths during labor across hospital
      levels, since no compensatory differences in late antepartum fetal death rates
      were found. Our findings in a total population are compatible with several
      studies carried out in single hospitals that have reported declines in
      intrapartum fetal death rates, especially in births more closely attended during
      labor. Fetal deaths that occur in labor, as contrasted with fetal deaths
      occurring before labor, constitute a perinatal outcome that is especially
      sensitive to level of obstetric care.

PMID- 4073134
TI  - Vaginal douching as a potential risk factor for tubal ectopic pregnancy.
AB  - The incidence of ectopic pregnancy in the United States has more than doubled in
      the past decade. Because a previous study has suggested that the practice of
      vaginal douching may increase the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, a
      condition known to predispose to ectopic pregnancy, and because the sale of
      commercial douching products in the United States has more than tripled since
      1974, we investigated this practice as a possible risk factor. We interviewed 155
      women who had a tubal ectopic pregnancy treated at five Seattle hospitals between
      1975 and 1979 as to their reproductive, contraceptive, and medical histories,
      demographic characteristics, and personal hygiene practices. During the same
      period, 456 women who were delivered of a baby in King County were identified
      from Vital Records and interviewed as controls. A higher proportion of cases than
      controls reported ever having douched in the past. Cases also douched more
      frequently than controls. After simultaneous adjusting for confounding factors in
      our data by means of a multiple logistic regression technique, the risk of tubal
      ectopic pregnancy for women who douched at least weekly was twice that of women
      who never douched (95% confidence interval = 1.03 to 4.00). The risk for women
      who used commercial douches on a weekly basis was 4.4 (95% confidence interval =
      1.6 to 12.7) the risk for women who never douched.

PMID- 4073135
TI  - Evaluation of the new generation of urinary pregnancy tests.
AB  - Five new enzyme-linked urinary pregnancy tests were compared with the older
      hemagglutination assay. Urine came from 60 patients with a simultaneous serum
      beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin determination. The new enzyme-linked
      kits have improved sensitivity with fewer false positive results than the older
      system. Some kits are clearly quicker and simpler to use than others.

PMID- 4073136
TI  - Obstetric characteristics and fetal heart rate patterns of infants who convulse
      during the newborn period.
AB  - Seizure activity in the immediate neonatal period has been shown to correlate
      with long-term neurological handicap. The perinatal course of 34 term and 32
      preterm infants who developed seizure activity in the neonatal period was
      compared to that of 66 matched control infants without neonatal seizure activity.
      The incidence of antenatal complications and abnormal fetal heart rate patterns
      and the percentages of abnormal labor, operative delivery, and low Apgar scores
      were significantly greater in the study infants than in the control infants.
      Earlier onset of seizure activity was seen in term versus preterm infants and
      term infants with abnormal versus normal fetal heart rate patterns. Management
      decisions regarding intervention or nonintervention based on fetal heart rate
      patterns were deemed appropriate in 31 of 34 term infants, yet short- and long
      term neurological sequelae were significant.

PMID- 4073137
TI  - The leukocyte count in labor.
AB  - The leukocyte count was evaluated in 479 laboring gravida women. Increasing
      leukocyte counts appeared to be linearly related to the duration of elapsed labor
      (y = 0.2174x + 10.31; p less than 0.001; 95% confidence interval of the slope =
      0.1414 to 0.2934). Isolated mild elevations and mild increases of leukocyte count
      in labor may be managed expectantly. Elevations greater than 2 SD are unlikely to
      represent normal variation; a diligent search for unapparent infection is
      warranted.

PMID- 4073138
TI  - Chorionic villus sampling: first-trimester prenatal diagnosis of partial 10q
      trisomy in a family with a 4/10 translocation.
AB  - Direct chromosome preparations of cells obtained through chorionic villus
      sampling at 8 weeks' gestation in a patient whose spouse is a balanced
      translocation carrier revealed a fetus with an unbalanced karyotype. Knowledge of
      the abnormality allowed the family to make a decision in regard to continuation
      of the pregnancy earlier than would have been possible with the routine procedure
      of amniocentesis. Although the risks of chorionic villus sampling are currently
      being investigated, it appears that this technique has great potential for early
      diagnosis, affording psychological advantages, as well as a safer termination in
      the event of an abnormal fetus.

PMID- 4073139
TI  - Prediction of postmenopausal fracture risk with use of bone mineral measurements.
AB  - In a study of 1098 women (mean age, 63.3 years) nonspine fracture incidence and
      prevalence rates and spine fracture prevalence rates were compared by quintile of
      bone mineral content at the proximal radius, distal radius, os calcis, and lumbar
      spine. The risk of fracture associated with varying bone mineral content levels
      was explored with use of estimated odds ratios. Risk of fracture is significantly
      increased with diminishing quintiles of bone mineral content. Subjects in the
      lowest quintile of os calcis bone mineral content have a nonspine fracture risk
      10 times greater than subjects in the highest bone mineral content quintile. The
      os calcis bone mineral content measurement is the best predictor of nonspine
      fracture risk and is also the best overall indicator of spine fracture risk.
      Therefore measurement of os calcis bone mineral content may be useful for routine
      risk evaluation of perimenopausal women. The ability to predict individual risk
      should allow for more rational preventive regimens.

PMID- 4073140
TI  - Indications for and timing of delivery in diabetic pregnancies.
AB  - The management of 430 diabetic pregnancies is presented. Our protocol emphasized
      "tight" metabolic control and assessment of fetal well-being by antepartum fetal
      heart rate testings and estriol levels. Spontaneous labor was allowed in
      uncomplicated Class A diabetic patients. Labor in complicated cases and insulin
      dependent diabetic pregnancies was induced after establishing fetal lung
      maturity, except when a maternal or fetal complication dictated otherwise. A
      significant drop in estriol was observed in 4% of Class A diabetic patients and
      10.2% of insulin-dependent diabetic patients. None developed a positive
      contraction stress test. Abnormal fetal well-being tests contributed minimally to
      the indications for induction of labor. The incidence of induced preterm delivery
      was 2.8% in Class A diabetic patients and 18.4% in insulin-dependent diabetic
      ones. The perinatal mortality was 5.6:1000 and 13:1000, respectively. The
      incidence of respiratory distress syndrome was very low, and none of the cases
      were associated with a "mature" amniotic fluid lecithin phosphorus measurement.

PMID- 4073141
TI  - Meconium below the vocal cords at delivery: correlation with intrapartum events.
AB  - Intrapartum events were studied in 272 patients with meconium-stained amniotic
      fluid. All infants underwent DeLee suction followed by intubation and 58 of 272
      had meconium present below the vocal cords at delivery. Neither the total
      duration of variable fetal heart rate decelerations or a continuous saltatory
      pattern nor the presence or absence of late decelerations could be related to an
      increased risk of meconium below the vocal cords. When a rising baseline fetal
      heart rate and decreased variability were present as well, a significantly
      greater proportion of patients had meconium below the vocal cords. Routine
      obstetric and pediatric suctioning did not prevent the single death that occurred
      in a fetus who had deep meconium aspiration in utero.

PMID- 4073142
TI  - Serum vitamin K1 concentration and vitamin K-dependent clotting factor activity
      in maternal and fetal cord blood.
AB  - The serum concentration of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) was measured in 34 healthy
      mothers and in the arterial cord blood of their newborn infants. In addition, the
      activities of factor II and of factors VII plus X were determined simultaneously
      in 16 paired maternal and fetal bloods. The serum vitamin K1 concentration was
      similar to that of control subjects in 27 mothers: 9.03 +/- 4.9 micrograms/L
      (mean and SD), with a simultaneous concentration of 10.4 +/- 5.3 micrograms/L in
      cord blood. Six mothers exhibited high serum vitamin K1 concentrations from 40 to
      240 micrograms/L (median, 82) and the concentration in cord blood ranged from 25
      to 115 micrograms/L (median, 71). One mother had a normal concentration of
      vitamin K1: 9 micrograms/L while no vitamin K1 was detectable in the serum of her
      infant. The activity of factor II and factors VII plus X was 7% and 7%,
      respectively, in this infant and 100% in the mother. All other mothers showed
      normal factor II and factors VII plus X activity, while the median activity was
      47% (28%-56%) for factor II and 65% (35%-100%) for factors VII plus X in cord
      blood. These data suggest that vitamin K1 can cross the placental barrier but not
      in every case. Therefore the systematic administration of vitamin K1 to the
      newborn infant seems to be required to prevent the occurrence of the hemorrhagic
      disease.

PMID- 4073143
TI  - A prospective analysis of the influence of gestational age on the baseline fetal
      heart rate and reactivity in a low-risk population.
AB  - The nonstress test is of recognized value for the antepartum assessment of fetal
      well-being. Less well defined, however, is the relationship between baseline
      fetal heart rate, reactivity, and the gestational age of the fetus. A prospective
      analysis of the nonstress test in a preterm, low-risk population was begun.
      Weekly tests were begun as early as 23 weeks and continued to term. A test was
      considered reactive if there were two or more fetal heart rate accelerations
      within a 20-minute period. A total of 128 nonstress tests were performed on 25
      low-risk patients. Of these tests, 84 (64%) were considered reactive. With
      advancing gestational age, a progressive increase in the incidence of reactive
      tests was observed. However, no significant difference in baseline fetal heart
      rate could be identified between term and preterm fetuses. In addition, the
      frequency and amount of accelerations and decelerations were determined.
      Decelerations were not noted more frequently in the preterm population.
      Conversely, accelerations occurred more frequently with advancing gestational
      age. The pregnancy outcome was excellent for all study patients. It is concluded,
      therefore, that with advancing gestational age more reactive nonstress tests are
      seen. Baseline fetal heart rate and the frequency of decelerations appear to be
      unaffected by advancing gestational age. Finally, although the numbers are small,
      the nonstress test appears to be a suitable technique for assessing fetal well
      being in the preterm fetus.

PMID- 4073145
TI  - Delayed gentamicin elimination in patients with severe preeclampsia.
AB  - Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic frequently used in the treatment of
      mixed polymicrobial infections. Because patients with preeclampsia exhibit
      compromised renal function, decreased intravascular volume, and increased
      extravascular fluid, it was theorized gentamicin may be handled differently in
      normotensive versus preeclamptic patients. Eighteen patients with postpartum
      endometritis receiving gentamicin were divided into three treatment groups based
      on the presence and severity of preeclamptic symptoms. After the gentamicin
      steady state was achieved, serum samples were collected at 30, 150, and 450
      minutes following completion of a timed 30-minute infusion. The mean half-life
      and gentamicin clearance in severe preeclamptic patients (3.15 hours and 91.5
      ml/min) were significantly different from normotensive patients (2.38 hours and
      135.9 ml/min) and mild preeclamptic patients (1.87 hours and 142 ml/min). No
      significant differences in volume of distribution were seen. A high correlation
      between elimination rate and distribution volume was noted in normotensive
      patients; however, a moderate correlation was seen in patients with preeclampsia.
      Therefore, alterations in renal function in patients with severe preeclampsia,
      and not changes in volume of distribution, may be the primary cause for delayed
      aminoglycoside elimination.

PMID- 4073144
TI  - Maternal and cord blood glycated albumin and total serum proteins: correlation
      with maternal glycemic control and birth weight.
AB  - Maternal and cord blood glycated albumin and total protein levels were measured
      in three groups: normal women (nondiabetic women who gave birth to infants that
      were normal for gestational age), test women (women who had no evidence of
      glucose intolerance with screening procedures and who gave birth to large for
      gestational age infants), and women with gestational diabetes. In all cases the
      cord glycated albumin and total protein levels were 20% to 30% less than the
      corresponding maternal levels, and no correlation could be detected between cord
      and maternal blood concentrations. There was no significant difference in cord
      and maternal glycated albumin and total protein levels among the three groups,
      although there was a slight upward trend detected in the test and diabetic
      groups. There was no significant correlation between birth weight ratio and
      either cord or maternal values for any of the groups except the diabetic cord
      samples, where a significant negative correlation between glycated albumin and
      total protein and birth weight ratios was found. The implications of these
      findings are discussed in respect to the usefulness of cord and maternal glycated
      albumin and total protein in retrospective screening for gestational diabetes.

PMID- 4073146
TI  - Laser therapy for vulvar molluscum contagiosum infection.
AB  - Multiple molluscum epidermal infections of the vulva are difficult to treat. Use
      of the carbon dioxide laser makes treatment easier, faster, and less
      uncomfortable than the historical method of curetting the lesions.

PMID- 4073147
TI  - First report of case of congenital afibrinogenemia with successful delivery.
AB  - We report a case in which pregnancy was sustained in a woman with congenital
      afibrinogenemia with delivery by cesarean section. From this case it appears that
      a plasma fibrinogen level greater than 60 mg/dl would maintain implantation of
      the placenta and fetus even in the event of complications occurring during
      pregnancy.

PMID- 4073148
TI  - Intrauterine fetal response to hypergravity by reduction of plasma prolactin
      levels in the rat.
AB  - Rats were conceived after adaptation to 3.14 g. Maternal and fetal plasma
      prolactin levels were reduced on day 22 of gestation in the rats exposed to
      hypergravity. The fact that fetuses in utero respond in the same way as their
      mothers indicates that they too are sensitive to hypergravity and that the
      bouyant condition of the fetus does not interfere with such external stimulus.

PMID- 4073149
TI  - Examination of data base in midforceps delivery study.

PMID- 4073150
TI  - The influence of fetal sex on rupture of the membranes and preterm labor.

PMID- 4073151
TI  - Presence of maternal anti-SS-A antibody.

PMID- 4073152
TI  - Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea follows perioperative prophylaxis with
      cefoxitin.
AB  - Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea during prolonged therapy of obstetric
      and gynecologic infections is known to occur with use of all classes of
      antibiotics except vancomycin and the aminoglycosides. We present 11 cases of C.
      difficile-associated diarrhea which followed a short course of perioperative
      prophylaxis with cefoxitin during a 1-year period. Nine of the cases of C.
      difficile-associated diarrhea were among 162 women who received cefoxitin
      perioperative prophylaxis for cesarean section or hysterectomy, but none occurred
      in 85 women who received one of four other antibiotics for perioperative
      prophylaxis (p = 0.024, Fisher's exact test). The two other occurrences of C.
      difficile-associated diarrhea following perioperative prophylaxis with cefoxitin
      were in women who underwent exploratory laparotomy. We conclude that C. difficile
      associated diarrhea is related to perioperative prophylaxis with cefoxitin.

PMID- 4073153
TI  - Cesarean section: an answer to the House of Horne.
AB  - The incidence of cesarean delivery in the United States has at least tripled in
      the past 20 years, and this has generated a great deal of concern within the
      profession, by the government, and by the consumer. Recent data from the National
      Maternity Hospital in Dublin, Ireland, from which a stable 5% cesarean section
      rate was reported, have led those investigators to conclude that more frequent
      delivery by cesarean section in the United States was due in part to less
      aggressive management of labor in nulliparous patients. In this report, we
      compare obstetric practices and outcomes during 1983 for Parkland Memorial
      Hospital with those of the National Maternity Hospital. The overall cesarean
      delivery rate was 18% in Dallas and 6% in Dublin, and racial population
      differences along with an increased number of nulliparous patients likely account
      for a higher incidence of primary cesarean sections for dystocia in Dallas.
      Importantly, when we compared the results in Dublin with our own, more liberal
      use of cesarean delivery for presumed fetal jeopardy in Dallas was associated
      with a sevenfold decreased incidence of intrapartum fetal death and a twofold
      decrease in infants with seizures. From these data, we advise caution before one
      attempts to emulate, on faith alone, someone else's low and seemingly safe
      cesarean delivery rate.

PMID- 4073154
TI  - Amniotomy and the use of oxytocin in labor in nulliparous women.
AB  - A group of 242 nulliparous women in spontaneous, term, first-stage, true labor,
      with cephalic presentations and intact membranes, underwent amniotomy in the
      first stage. Sixty-nine of 242 (29%) received oxytocin prior to complete
      dilatation. The group that received oxytocin was characterized by fewer women
      less than 20 years of age, more patients with an additional diagnosis such as
      preeclampsia, longer labors, and slower mean rates of dilatation before and after
      amniotomy. There was no correlation between the last dilatation rate before and
      the first after amniotomy. The only significant predictors of oxytocin use were
      cervical dilatation at amniotomy and the first rate of dilatation afterward. Of
      patients with dilatation at a rate of greater than or equal to 1 cm/hr from
      admission to amniotomy, 16% received oxytocin; if less than 1 cm/hr, 39%. Two
      different rate standards were used to differentiate "unsatisfactory" from
      "satisfactory" labor: (1) less than 1 or greater than or equal to 1 cm/hr and (2)
      no change or some change in dilatation. Neither of these standards, when applied
      to the first examination after amniotomy, predicts patients who will receive
      oxytocin with any reasonable degree of efficiency. Examination of cervical
      dilatation after amniotomy in patients who did not receive oxytocin demonstrated
      failure of the cervix to dilate in approximately 20% of each of three sequential
      examinations. Contrariwise, no dilatation for 2 hours was uncommon. Amniotomy
      appears to enhance the dilatation rate in patients with well-dilated cervices
      that are already dilating at a satisfactory rate and slows dilatation in some
      patients, particularly those with cervices that are less dilated. These results
      suggest that amniotomy should be performed for specific indications only.

PMID- 4073155
TI  - A comparison of ritodrine, terbutaline, and magnesium sulfate for the suppression
      of preterm labor.
AB  - Ritodrine, terbutaline, and magnesium sulfate have all been used in the United
      States as tocolytic drugs. Studies have shown each of these drugs to be effective
      in suppressing preterm labor. The current study was undertaken in order to
      compare their relative safety and efficacy and to evaluate the effectiveness of a
      second drug when the first-used drug failed to stop contractions. No differences
      in efficacy could be demonstrated between the drugs; however, there was a marked
      difference in the incidence of maternal side effects. Because of an unacceptable
      level of side effects, we have stopped the use of terbutaline at our institution.

PMID- 4073156
TI  - Single injection of terbutaline in term labor. I. Effect on fetal pH in cases
      with prolonged bradycardia.
AB  - Thirty-three patients with prolonged fetal bradycardia (fetal heart rate baseline
      less than 100 bpm for a minimum of 3 minutes or less than 80 bpm for at least 2
      minutes) in labor were studied. They were treated with a bolus injection of
      terbutaline if the bradycardia persisted at less than 80 bpm for 2 minutes and
      other efforts to improve the fetal heart rate (oxygen, positional changes) had
      failed. After the bolus injection a scalp blood pH (or a cord arterial pH in
      abdominal deliveries) was obtained within 30 minutes. Fetal acidosis was common
      if the bradycardia lasted 10 minutes or more, particularly if the rate was less
      than 80 bpm with a flat baseline for 4 minutes or more. The fetal heart rate
      improved after injection in 30 cases; 23 patients had vaginal delivery of infants
      in good condition. Ten underwent cesarean section: three for no improvement in
      fetal heart rate, two for cord prolapse, four for later ominous fetal heart rate,
      and one for failure to progress. These results suggest that tocolysis in selected
      cases can be of benefit for the fetus with prolonged bradycardia. In cases with
      an ominous fetal heart rate pattern preceding the bradycardia and in abruptio
      placentae immediate operative intervention without delay is probably better.
      Administration of terbutaline should be regarded as a temporary measure until it
      is apparent that the fetal heart rate has recovered. Preparation for emergency
      delivery should be made while a recovery is awaited.

PMID- 4073157
TI  - Single injection of terbutaline in term labor. II. Effect on uterine activity.
AB  - The effect of terbutaline, 250 micrograms given as an intravenous bolus injection
      in term labor, was investigated with use of a transducer-tipped catheter placed
      in the uterine cavity. Maternal side effects were common but well tolerated. No
      fetal side effects were recorded. The results suggest that 250 micrograms of
      terbutaline as a bolus injection gives a safe and effective inhibition of uterine
      activity in term labor. Possible indications and benefits of transient inhibition
      of uterine activity in term labor, particularly when fetal distress is associated
      with abnormal uterine activity, are discussed.

PMID- 4073158
TI  - Anxiety and epinephrine in multiparous women in labor: relationship to duration
      of labor and fetal heart rate pattern.
AB  - The duration of labor in multigravid subjects in phase 1 labor at term (from 3 to
      6 cm of cervical dilatation; mean duration = 2.7 hours) was significantly related
      to measures of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine obtained at the onset of the
      phase (n = 50). Epinephrine was significantly related to observer ratings of
      subject stress and the scores from the three dimensions of our self-report Labor
      Anxiety Inventory. The fetal heart rate pattern in phase 2 labor (7 to 10 cm of
      cervical dilatation; mean duration = 1.2 hours) was significantly related to
      phase 1 measures of epinephrine, observed stress, and two of the anxiety
      dimensions (n = 44 to 47). The results provide support for the hypotheses that,
      under normal clinical conditions, several types of patient anxiety are related to
      catecholamine levels and that anxiety and epinephrine are related to duration of
      labor and fetal well-being. The results suggest that medical/nursing evaluation
      and management of patient anxiety should include a self-report measure of three
      dimensions of anxiety (coping, safety, and pain), which are relatively
      independent of observed physical stress and which may relate to maternal labor
      progress as well as fetal heart rate pattern.

PMID- 4073160
TI  - X-ray pelvimetry in a breech protocol: a comparison of digital radiography and
      conventional methods.
AB  - X-ray evaluation of the pelvis plays a pivotal role in selecting term breech
      presentation for a possible trial of labor. Even minimal degrees of disproportion
      may have disastrous consequences for the aftercoming head. Our evaluation of x
      ray pelvimetry by computerized tomography scanning suggests it is probably more
      accurate than conventional methods, with a concomitant decrease in fetal x-ray
      exposure.

PMID- 4073159
TI  - The accuracy of visual and meter determinations of blood glucose with the use of
      Chemstrip bG.
AB  - The 95% confidence intervals for the blood glucose determinations with use of the
      Chemstrip bG were +/- 28 mg/dl by visual reading and +/- 18 mg/dl by means of the
      Accu-Chek photometer. These rapid methods continue to be an important aid in the
      home care of pregnant diabetic women.

PMID- 4073161
TI  - The validity of the leukocyte esterase reagent test strip in detecting
      significant leukocyturia.
AB  - This prospective trial demonstrated that the best possible definition for a
      positive leukocyte esterase test (Chemstrip 9) is + or ++. With use of this
      definition, the sensitivity in detecting significant leukocyturia is 83% and the
      specificity is 70%. The use of this test strip could reduce screening costs in
      registering obstetric patients.

PMID- 4073162
TI  - Cervical vascular malformation as a cause of antepartum and intrapartum bleeding
      in three diethylstilbestrol-exposed progeny.
AB  - Adverse pregnancy outcome in diethylstilbestrol-exposed progeny has been
      described by many authors. These three cases demonstrate many of the features
      discussed in the literature as well as a previously unreported cause of
      antepartum and intrapartum bleeding: a cervical vascular malformation.

PMID- 4073163
TI  - Vesical endometriosis following bladder injury.
AB  - The development of endometriosis in the area of a previous bladder wall injury is
      described. This represents the first documented case of endometriosis occurring
      after such injury.

PMID- 4073164
TI  - Bladder leiomyoma: a rare cause of pelvic pain.
AB  - Leiomyoma of the bladder is an unusual cause of persistent bladder or pelvic
      pain. Traditional modalities may enable the clinical to suspect the diagnosis,
      which should be confirmed by transurethral biopsy. Except in rare circumstances,
      the treatment of choice is a suprapubic abdominal approach for removal of the
      bladder tumor.

PMID- 4073165
TI  - Collagen types in normal and prematurely ruptured amniotic membranes.
AB  - Collagen content in preterm amnions with premature rupture of the membranes was
      significantly lower than that of preterm amnions without premature rupture of the
      membranes. Collagen types were studied through sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in human amnions from pregnant women with or
      without premature rupture of the membranes. Collagen types I, III, and V were
      recognized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in all
      samples. In samples taken from preterm patients with premature rupture of the
      membranes, the ratios of III/I, III/V, and III/total collagen were significantly
      lower than those from ones without premature rupture of the membranes. The ratios
      of I/V, I/total collagen, and V/total collagen showed no change in gestations
      with and without premature rupture of the membranes, respectively. In term
      samples there was no significant difference in the ratios of all collagen types
      between those with and those without premature rupture of the membranes. Elastins
      were not demonstrable in amnion with and without premature rupture of the
      membranes. These studies suggest that the reduction of type III collagen content
      in amnion is related to the cause of premature rupture of the membranes,
      particularly in preterm samples.

PMID- 4073166
TI  - In defense of the conservative management of severe preeclampsia.

PMID- 4073167
TI  - Risk of postmolar invasive complications with oral contraceptive use.

PMID- 4073168
TI  - Pseudomembranous enterocolitis after cesarean delivery.

PMID- 4073169
TI  - Fetal and neonatal effects of indomethacin used as a tocolytic agent.

PMID- 4073170
TI  - Treatment of patients with severe preeclampsia in the second trimester.

PMID- 4073171
TI  - Is oxytocin the culprit?

PMID- 4073172
TI  - Neonatal mortality in very low birth weight and very preterm infants.

PMID- 4073173
TI  - The pattern of optic nerve fiber loss in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.
AB  - Postmortem quantification of the remaining optic nerve fibers in three eyes with
      nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy showed that the loss of fibers
      was complete in the superior half of each nerve and included loss of peripheral
      fibers in the other half. The fibers with the greatest resistance to atrophy were
      found in the middle of the nerve cross section. The pattern was similar to that
      found in a previous example of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and unlike that
      found in glaucoma or other optic neuropathies studied in similar fashion.

PMID- 4073175
TI  - An unusual corneal complication of soft contact lens.
AB  - An unusual complication caused by hydrophilic soft contact lenses developed in 13
      patients (ten women and three men, 16 to 39 years old), most of whom had tight
      eyelids. The lesion consisted of an arc-like opacity in the superior cornea. The
      opacity lay in the superficial cornea about 1 to 3 mm from the corneoscleral
      limbus and had fine spokes extending away from the main trunk. In some cases the
      problem was unilateral and in others bilateral.

PMID- 4073174
TI  - A morphologic and fluorophotometric analysis of the corneal endothelium in type I
      diabetes mellitus and cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Seven patients with type I diabetes mellitus (Group 1), seven with normoglycemic
      cystic fibrosis (Group 2), seven with hyperglycemic cystic fibrosis (Group 3),
      and ten age-matched control subjects underwent corneal fluorophotometry and
      quantitative specular microscopy. Group 1 had background microangiopathic
      retinopathy but no evidence of proliferative disease by fluorescein angiography.
      Significant increases in mean corneal endothelial permeability and mean pump rate
      occurred in Group 1, indicating a defect in the endothelial barrier function
      early in type I diabetes mellitus. Similar significant increases in mean corneal
      endothelial permeability and mean pump rate occurred in both cystic fibrosis
      groups. The greatest increase was found in Group 3, suggesting a primary defect
      in the endothelial barrier function in cystic fibrosis, aggravated by the
      hyperglycemic state. No morphologic abnormalities were noted in Group 1, but both
      cystic fibrosis groups had smaller mean cell areas than did the control group.
      There were significant differences in the morphologic and functional correlations
      between Groups 1 and 3, suggesting different mechanisms for the increased
      endothelial permeability in these two disorders.

PMID- 4073176
TI  - Incidence of strabismus in neonates.
AB  - In an attempt to learn whether esotropia is present at birth or develops later in
      infancy, we observed 1,219 alert infants in a normal newborn nursery at a city
      hospital. Of these, 593 (48.6%) had orthotropic findings; 398 (32.7%) had
      exotropia, 40 (3.2%) had esotropia (intermittent in 17 with 14 varying between
      esotropia and exotropia and nine with a variable esotropia), and 188 (15.4%) were
      not sufficiently alert to permit classification. No infant displayed typical
      signs of congenital esotropia. We concluded that congenital-infantile esotropia
      is not connatal but rather develops in the first few weeks or months after birth.

PMID- 4073177
TI  - A new approach to the correction of involutional entropion by pretarsal
      orbicularis oculi muscle fixation.
AB  - A new surgical technique to repair involutional entropion involves fixation of a
      strip of dissected and displaced pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle. In 112
      patients followed up for an average of 14 months, this technique was successful.
      The procedure is easy to perform and complications were minimal.

PMID- 4073178
TI  - Clinicopathologic results of vitreous surgery for epiretinal membranes in
      patients with combined retinal and retinal pigment epithelial hamartomas.
AB  - Two patients (a 44-year-old woman and a 26-year-old man) with progressive visual
      loss associated with macular combined retinal-retinal pigment epithelial
      hamartomas underwent pars plana vitrectomies with peeling of macular epiretinal
      membranes. Histopathologic findings for one of the membranes were similar to
      those in idiopathic or other secondary epiretinal membranes. Although the
      epiretinal membranes were satisfactorily removed, visual acuity improved in
      neither eye. Fluorescein angiography showed persistence of vascular tortuosity
      and leakage and cystoid macular edema after surgery in both cases. One eye
      developed a late postoperative operculated retinal tear which was successfully
      treated with cryopexy. The role of vitrectomy and membrane removal in cases of
      macular combined retinal-retinal pigment epithelial hamartomas appears to be
      limited.

PMID- 4073179
TI  - Retinal vasculitis associated with autoantibodies to Sjogren's syndrome A
      antigen.
AB  - Severe retinal vasculitis caused by a systemic lupus-like illness developed in
      two patients with distinctive clinical and immunologic characteristics. Both
      patients were young women with mild systemic disease and autoantibodies directed
      against a protein-ribonucleic acid complex termed the Sjogren's syndrome A
      antigen (SSA). One patient had no antibodies to nuclear antigens on conventional
      testing, and the other had a low-titer antinuclear antibody test. At the time of
      onset of retinal arteriolitis, neither patient had an exacerbation of multisystem
      disease or serologic activity. Despite oral and parenteral corticosteroids,
      cytotoxic agents, and panretinal photocoagulation, both patients suffered
      progressive irreversible retinal ischemia, optic disk and retinal
      neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage traction retinal detachment, and anterior
      segment neovascularization.

PMID- 4073180
TI  - Senior-Loken syndrome (familial renal-retinal dystrophy) and Coats' disease.
AB  - Senior-Loken syndrome is a rare hereditary disease that combines a disorder
      resembling familial juvenile nephronophthisis with retinitis pigmentosa.
      Retinitis pigmentosa is even less frequently associated with exudative
      retinopathy. The patient, a 15-year-old boy, had hereditary renal-retinal
      dystrophy combined with an exudative vasculopathy of the Coats' type. The patient
      is on thrice-weekly hemodialysis after two kidney transplants failed. One eye
      became painful and blind and was eventually enucleated.

PMID- 4073181
TI  - Clinicopathologic report of successful cobalt 60 plaque therapy for choroidal
      melanoma.
AB  - A 66-year-old man had malignant melanoma of the choroid that enlarged during a
      two-year period while a retinal detachment developed. Treatment consisted of a
      cobalt 60 plaque placed to deliver a dose of 35,000 rads to the base and 9,000
      rads to the apex of the tumor. Clinical response was excellent and complete
      regression occurred. The patient later died of an unrelated disease.
      Histopathologic study verified complete regression of the tumor.

PMID- 4073182
TI  - The influence of aphakia and vitrectomy on experimental retinal toxicity of
      aminoglycoside antibiotics.
AB  - To study the effect of lens and vitreous surgery on the dose threshold of
      aminoglycoside-induced retinal toxicity, we performed extracapsular lens
      extraction (Group 1) or lensectomy and vitrectomy (Group 2) on Dutch Belted
      rabbits. A single dose of amikacin or gentamicin ranging from 100 to 4,000
      micrograms was administered intravitreally. Retinal toxicity was examined by
      light and transmission electron microscopy seven days after injection. Both
      groups showed retinal toxicity after 400 micrograms of gentamicin or 1,500
      micrograms of amikacin, doses identical to those causing toxicity in intact,
      phakic rabbit eyes. Thus, neither surgical procedure increased the toxic
      threshold of injected aminoglycoside. Given the accelerated aminoglycoside
      clearance reported in aphakic eyes, these findings imply that the mechanism of
      aminoglycoside toxicity may be related to peak drug concentration rather than
      duration of tissue exposure.

PMID- 4073183
TI  - Ocular gunpowder injuries.

PMID- 4073184
TI  - Traumatic laceration of the inferior rectus muscle.

PMID- 4073185
TI  - Maintenance of anterior chamber integrity and surgical view during air-fluid
      exchange in eyes with intraocular lenses.

PMID- 4073186
TI  - Integration of vitreoretinal instrumentation.

PMID- 4073187
TI  - Outpatient keratoplasty.

PMID- 4073188
TI  - Results of conventional vitreous surgery for proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

PMID- 4073189
TI  - Unilateral esotropia after enucleation in infancy.

PMID- 4073190
TI  - The ocular findings in Kniest dysplasia.

PMID- 4073191
TI  - New perspectives for the occupational therapist in the treatment of spinal cord
      injured individuals.

PMID- 4073192
TI  - High-level quadriplegia: an occupational therapy challenge.
AB  - Rehabilitation of the C1 to C4 quadriplegic person is a relatively recent
      phenomenon. Few rehabilitation facilities accept the challenge these patients
      present. This paper describes a comprehensive occupational therapy program for
      the C1 to C4 quadriplegic person. It presents the objectives and mechanisms for
      treating these individuals (e.g., range of motion, strengthening existing
      musculature, functional activities training, pressure sore prevention, and
      equipment prescription) and introduces new approaches to increasing function
      through current therapeutic and engineering technological advances. The quality
      of life of these patients may well be determined by their exposure to functional
      activities in occupational therapy.

PMID- 4073193
TI  - Reconstructive hand surgery for quadriplegic persons.
AB  - Reconstructive hand surgery is one approach to restoring lost hand function in
      quadriplegic patients. This paper describes Craig Hospital's experience with the
      two-stage procedure for achieving active grasp and pinch for C7 spinal cord
      injured patients. It describes the hand clinic, patient selection and education,
      the surgery itself, and postsurgical occupational therapy. It also includes
      follow-up results on all patients treated since the program's inception.

PMID- 4073194
TI  - Wheelchair cushions for spinal cord-injured individuals.
AB  - Pressure sore prevention is a major objective in the rehabilitation of
      individuals with spinal cord injury. Wheelchair cushions are frequently
      prescribed to relieve pressure and reduce the risk of pressure sores in this
      population. In this study, 251 subjects with paraplegia and quadriplegia were
      evaluated to decide which wheelchair cushions were suitable. Criteria for the
      comparative evaluation of cushions included not only magnitude and distribution
      of pressure but also factors such as wheelchair compatibility, ease of transfer,
      activities, and independence. Although the Roho cushion was prescribed most
      frequently, it was not recommended for all subjects. This study provides
      additional evidence that no single cushion is optimal for all people with spinal
      cord injury. Rather, objective measurements and clinical judgments are essential
      elements of a complete evaluation.

PMID- 4073195
TI  - Enhancing vocational outcomes of spinal cord-injured persons: the occupational
      therapist's role.
AB  - Because work is a core element of our physical, social, and psychological
      survival, the significance of work for spinal cord-injured persons is no less
      than it is for able-bodied persons. To develop expectations of a productive life
      style, vocational planning must be initiated early in the rehabilitation process,
      with the occupational therapist contributing significantly to the initial and
      ongoing functional and prevocational assessment. Interaction between the
      therapist and the spinal cord-injured person can promote the experience of
      control over environment, a feeling of responsibility for success of the
      rehabilitation process, the ability to solve functional problems outside of the
      rehabilitation environment, an understanding of the range of behavioral and
      environmental options available to the individual, and successful performance of
      job-related tasks in a supportive setting. The interaction between the
      occupational therapist, the vocational rehabilitation specialist, and the
      employer should be characterized by clear, nontechnical communication, an
      understanding of what functional activities the patient actually does (rather
      than what the person can do), a willingness to try creative solutions to
      environmental and performance problems, and a recognition of the employer's need
      for quantity and quality of production. All these combined reduces the potential
      for failure on the job and enhances the likelihood of achieving the highest
      possible level of vocational potential.

PMID- 4073196
TI  - Independence: the ultimate goal of rehabilitation for spinal cord-injured
      persons.
AB  - During the late 1960s and early 1970s, a new concept related to rehabilitation
      and improvements in quality of life began to emerge and be expressed by people
      with spinal cord injuries and other disabilities. This concept, independent
      living, is the foundation of the independent living movement, which has helped to
      overcome the barriers to a higher quality of life for disabled people. Of the
      many organizations and programs set up to provide support for disabled people
      living in the community, the independent living program seems to be comparatively
      successful at facilitating independence by people with spinal cord injuries.
      Independent living programs provide the kind of community-based support services
      necessary to expand the range of living options for disabled people beyond those
      traditionally available in most communities. The role of occupational therapists
      in the independent living stage of the rehabilitation process can be similar in
      some respects to their role during earlier phases of medical rehabilitation.
      However, the definition of independence as a "mind process" leads to considerable
      expansion of the therapist's role beyond the focus on physical skills, which are
      usually key priorities during medical rehabilitation. Occupational therapists
      typically possess knowledge and skills that equip them well for assisting clients
      in the independent living stage of the rehabilitation process.

PMID- 4073197
TI  - Correlates of life satisfaction and depression in middle-aged and elderly spinal
      cord-injured persons.
AB  - Advances in health care science allow more people with spinal cord injuries to
      live to old age. The purpose of this study was to determine those factors that
      contribute to the well-being of middle-aged and elderly spinal cord-injured
      people. One hundred spinal cord-injured people, ranging in age from 40 to 73
      years, completed an extensive structured interview. In general, respondents
      reported a degree of well-being on the same measures of satisfaction and
      depression that was slightly lower than that of similarly aged nondisabled
      people. Pearson correlations indicated that people experiencing high levels of
      well-being reported high levels of perceived control, had higher levels of social
      support, and judged their health status to be good. These people also viewed
      their disability more favorably, tended to have higher incomes and more
      education, were employed, and were more religious than those indicating lower
      levels of well-being. The severity of the spinal cord injury was not correlated
      highly with subjective well-being, although there was a tendency for those with
      greater disability to report lower levels of well-being. People who were younger,
      who incurred their disability at a younger age, and who blamed themselves and
      felt they could have avoided the injury also tended to report higher levels of
      well-being.

PMID- 4073198
TI  - Brief or new: feeding device for finger foods.

PMID- 4073199
TI  - Effect of visual training on the vertical vergence amplitude.
AB  - Visual training has an effect on the vertical vergence amplitudes. Three mature
      symptomatic patients exhibited a significant increase in the vertical vergence
      which compensates for the vertical heterophoria. Subjects with normal
      binocularity and hence no vertical heterophoria did not exhibit increased
      vertical vergence amplitudes after training.

PMID- 4073200
TI  - Comparisons among Snellen, psychophysical, and evoked potential visual acuity
      determinations.
AB  - Acuity limits were determined for gratings of progressively finer spatial
      frequency directly from the visually evoked potential. The evoked potential was
      retrieved in real time, while spatial frequency was electronically changed or
      swept. The results of the swept evoked potential technique are compared to acuity
      thresholds determined psychophysically with similar gratings, and with Snellen
      acuity determinations over the range 6/60 (20/200) to 6/3.6 (20/12), obtained by
      defocusing with positive spherical lenses. One line of Snellen acuity is easily
      discriminated; the absolute Snellen level can often be identified to within two
      lines with 95% certainty. Correlations between visually evoked response (VER)
      grating and Snellen optotype acuity levels are poorer than correlations between
      VER- and psychophysically-determined grating acuity limits, perhaps because of
      variability inherent in the Snellen task itself. The swept evoked potential
      affords a rapid, objective, and potentially useful measure of acuity in young or
      minimally cooperative subjects.

PMID- 4073202
TI  - Comparative monocular contributions to brightness in relation to abnormal
      stereothreshold.
AB  - This study was designed to compare brightness contributions of the two monocular
      inputs to the binocular visual system at three different levels of luminance
      adaptation in two groups of 15 subjects each. The only known difference between
      these groups was stereothreshold, 50 to 70 sec arc in one group vs. 40 sec arc or
      less in the other group. The group with elevated threshold was found to have a
      significantly larger average difference (13.5%, p less than 0.002) in monocular
      brightness contributions, between the right and left eyes, when compared to the
      group with lower stereothresholds (4% mismatch). The results also indicate that
      neither group showed a significant variation in mismatch as adapting luminance
      was altered by a factor of four times (0.6 log units). Finally, no clear relation
      was found between eye dominance and the eye requiring higher illuminance to
      attain the dichoptic brightness match.

PMID- 4073201
TI  - Disease-associated visual image degradation and spherical refractive errors in
      children.
AB  - Retrospective clinical data from 496 eyes of 256 children attending a low vision
      clinic were analyzed to determine the relation between disease states which
      involve visual image degradation and refractive error. Refractive data from 1023
      normal vision children were used as a control. The low vision children were
      grouped according to their disease classification and the acknowledged age-of
      onset of their visual disability. It was found that there was an overall
      inability to emmetropize and a trend towards myopia. It was also observed that
      the diseases which led to myopia were associated with a peripheral or peripheral
      plus central impairment of vision and that those conditions in which foveal
      vision was primarily impaired showed a mild hypermetropic trend. Eyes in which
      the visual impairment was not congenital but occurred before the age of 3 years
      tended to develop hypermetropia. The deviation from emmetropia decreased with
      increasing age-of-onset of the visual impairment, as did the variation about the
      mean refraction. The plastic period for emmetropization is estimated to end at 8
      to 9 years of age.

PMID- 4073203
TI  - Visual performance with soft hydrophilic contact lenses.
AB  - An instability of the visual correction is sometimes associated with soft
      hydrophilic contact lenses. However, this problem does not seem to have detracted
      from the commercial success of this form of refractive aid. To facilitate the
      quantification of visual performance during soft lens wear, a televised test
      system was developed and has been fully described elsewhere. Results are now
      presented of a clinical study using this television (TV) system. Visual
      performance scores, in conjunction with response latency and blink activity data,
      were obtained from the eyes of 27 experimentally naive subjects during the first
      month of adaptation to soft contact lens wear. The results suggest that the soft
      contact lens wearer has recourse to a strategy whereby he can optimize his level
      of visual performance when necessary.

PMID- 4073204
TI  - Performance characteristics of a hydrophilic concentric bifocal contact lens.
AB  - Hydrophilic bifocals designed to achieve simultaneous vision with a central
      distance zone and annular add zone were evaluated on 15 presbyopic subjects.
      Simultaneous vision was demonstrated for distance zone diameters from 2.25 to
      3.25 mm. Both zones affected over-refraction at distance and near resulting in
      extra minus required for distance and extra plus required for near. On average,
      visual acuity was worse than with equivalent spectacle correction. Effects of a
      night viewing simulation were also studied.

PMID- 4073205
TI  - Laser flash effects on laser speckle shift visual evoked potential.
AB  - Steady-state visual evoked potentials (VEP's) were recorded from four cynomolgus
      monkeys in response to a sinusoidally oscillating 10 degrees helium-neon laser
      speckle field (632.8 nm), moving vertically 2.5 degrees at 8 shifts per second. A
      5-pulse flash train at the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) dose from a
      collimated Q-switched frequency-doubled neodymium laser (532 nm) was superimposed
      on the foveal stimulus and the subsequent disruption and recovery of the VEP
      measured. Minimal disruption of the response signal magnitude was demonstrated
      (0.1 greater than p greater than 0.05) which recovered within 300 ms of the
      termination of the pulse train. A small but significant (p less than 0.01)
      disruption of phase entrainment was also noted that recovered within the same
      period. This is contrasted with a second experiment with three monkeys in which
      an argon (514 nm) laser served both as the speckle stimulus source and as the
      shuttered flash. Exposure to collimated MPE argon radiation for 250 ms
      immediately depressed the VEP (97%, p less than 0.01) and showed recovery to 70%
      of the pre-flash baseline only after 3 s. Phase lock was also severely degraded
      for several seconds. These results imply that visual processing of nonacuity
      limited medium contrast stimuli with broad spatial frequency content will
      probably not be materially affected by ultra-short pulsed laser exposure at these
      energy levels and frequencies. However, even safe levels of collimated continuous
      laser light may have severe effects on vision that could parallel flash effects
      seen with Xenon discharge flash lamps.

PMID- 4073206
TI  - Recovery of contrast sensitivity following bilateral orbital decompression: a
      case report.
AB  - Contrast sensitivity (CS) was measured in a patient with bilateral optic nerve
      compression resulting from thyroid ophthalmopathy. Initially both right and left
      contrast sensitivity functions (CSF's) were markedly attenuated over the spatial
      frequency range measured. CS improved significantly after surgical decompression
      although distance visual acuities remained unchanged during most of the period of
      observation. Sensitivity to medium- and high-spatial frequencies remained
      attenuated compared to the level achieved by a normal group of subjects of a
      similar age decade.

PMID- 4073207
TI  - Clinical comparison of congenital or early onset paretic vertical strabismus vs.
      acquired paretic vertical strabismus.
AB  - Thirty-five patients having paretic vertical strabismus were evaluated to
      determine which clinical parameters could best be used to differentiate
      congenital or early onset vertical strabismus from late onset vertical
      strabismus. Those patients with late onset deviations had a higher incidence of
      diplopia, a higher incidence of cyclodeviation, a higher incidence of
      compensatory head posture, and manifested larger vertical deviations in the
      primary position. However, the degree of incomitance, the prevalence of
      amblyopia, and the level of stereoacuity, did not distinguish the two patient
      groups. Prism therapy was equally successful for both groups.

PMID- 4073208
TI  - An esophoric shift associated with sustained fixation.
AB  - Some subjects show a progressive increase in their near phoria, in the direction
      of more esophoria, when the test is repeated. Eighteen of 100 subjects showed 5
      delta or more esophoric shift. This result suggests that similar phoria changes
      may occur during prolonged intensive nearwork. The results reported are not the
      same as prism adaptation because the esophoric shift was found with dissociated
      targets. Autonomic arousal with sympathetic activation associated with heightened
      attention and concentration is proposed as the mechanism.

PMID- 4073209
TI  - Eccentricity perception in the periphery of normal observers and those with
      retinitis pigmentosa.
AB  - The perception of the eccentricity of a suprathreshold light flash (III/4e)
      presented in a Goldmann perimeter was measured in four ophthalmologically normal
      observers and three young observers with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The task was
      to indicate the perceived distance from central fixation of each light flash by
      making a mark on a 180-mm line drawn on a sheet of paper. In the center of the
      line was a hash mark. Observers were instructed that the hash mark should
      correspond to fixation and the ends of the line to the limits of the visual
      field. The vertical, horizontal, and both 45 degree oblique meridians were
      tested. The results showed that: 1. The extent of the field along the tested
      meridian determined perceived eccentricity, i.e., eccentricity of 45 degrees in
      the temporal field of normals was perceived as equally eccentric as 30 degrees in
      the superior field. 2. The central 20 degrees were taken to represent more of the
      perceptual field than any other 20 degrees. 3. Along a meridian, the eccentricity
      which extends from fixation to 16% of the way to the field limit along the
      meridian is perceived as extending to 25% of the field by normal observers. 4. On
      the other hand, observers with RP reported that along a meridian the eccentricity
      extending from fixation to 8% of the field limit is perceived as extending to 25%
      of the field. Kinetic primary with the II/4 target showed no evidence of field
      constriction in observers with RP. However, losses in sensitivity are evident
      starting at about 10 degrees. Full field single flash electroretinograms were
      unrecordable in the observers with RP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4073210
TI  - Steady-state accommodation response to different Snellen letter sizes.
AB  - The steady-state accommodation response to Snellen letters of different sizes was
      measured with a laser-Badal optometer. It was found that the accommodation
      response was least when viewing the 6/9 letter size for both monocular and
      binocular observation at 6 m and increased when the letter size got smaller or
      larger. The mean accommodation response for the monocular viewing state was
      significantly higher than the binocular state for Snellen letter sizes between
      6/4.7 and 6/12. At 40 cm the accommodation response for different letter sizes
      showed no obvious trend. However, the lag in binocular accommodation was
      significantly less than the monocular lag.

PMID- 4073211
TI  - Accommodative hysteresis: relation to resting focus.
AB  - Seventeen subjects sustained focus for up to 8 min on targets placed either at
      the nearpoint (NP) or farpoint (FP) of accommodation. This was repeated in
      separate sessions from three to six times at each target distance and pre- to
      postexposure changes in dark focus (DF), i.e., accommodative hysteresis, were
      recorded. For eight subjects the probability (P) of exhibiting hysteresis effects
      was greater than or equal to 0.50 on both types of sessions. Five additional
      subjects showed P(NP) greater than or equal to 0.66 and P(FP) less than or equal
      to 0.33, whereas 4 subjects showed a reversed preference with P(NP) less than or
      equal to 0.17 and P(FP) greater than or equal to 0.83. Thus, strong individual
      differences emerged with respect to susceptibility to accommodative hysteresis.
      Linear regression analyses were performed on the individual data of the 13
      subjects in condition NP and 12 in condition FP who exhibited hysteresis effects
      on greater than or equal to 50% of their sessions. Relative magnitudes of
      accommodative hysteresis resulting either from sustained NP or FP focusing were
      negatively related to the DF level measured directly before the period of
      sustained focus. Thus, for example, a relatively near initial DF correlated with
      a small inward shift of the DF after NP focusing, but with a large outward shift
      after FP focusing. Only in the FP condition was there evidence for a positive
      regression of hysteresis effects on the dioptric distance separating the
      sustained focus target and the initial DF level, viz., the less the separation,
      the smaller the hysteresis effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4073212
TI  - Does the Howard-Dolman really measure stereoacuity?
AB  - The Howard-Dolman (H-D) is a version of Howard's stereoacuity test (H) which has
      almost completely eclipsed the original. However, there is reason to believe that
      the H-D is not as good a test as the H. To find out whether or not the H-D gave
      results similar to the H, 34 subjects were tested by both procedures with the
      same stereoacuity tester. This was fully automated and programmable. There are at
      least four ways of relating H-D findings to stereoacuity. None of these gave
      results comparable to those found with the H. Therefore, the H-D may be of
      questionable worth for clinical and scientific use. The same conclusion can be
      drawn regarding the relation between the H-D constant error and aniseikonia.

PMID- 4073213
TI  - Deswelling of the cornea after hypoxia.
AB  - Central corneal thickness changes were monitored in nine subjects who wore low
      water content hydrogel lenses of varying thickness for 3 h in the open and closed
      eye conditions. At the end of 3 h of lens wear, corneal deswelling to prelens
      thickness for the different levels of hypoxia was determined by pachometry
      performed every 5 min for the first 30 min, every 10 min for the next 40 min, and
      every 15 min thereafter. Examination of the individual deswelling profiles
      indicates (1) a biphasic response in those with corneal edema greater than 14%,
      and (2) a large portion of the deswelling occurred during the first 30 min,
      followed by a more gradual rate until baseline was reached. Small amounts of
      corneal edema (less than 5%) required up to 25 min to return to baseline, whereas
      6 to 15% required 30 to 70 min, and 20% required 95 min. The time taken for the
      cornea to deswell to baseline was linearly related to the amount of corneal
      swelling (r = 0.88; p less than 0.0001).

PMID- 4073214
TI  - Adaptation to lens-induced heterophorias.
AB  - In previous studies we have shown that subjects with normal binocular vision
      adapt to prism-induced heterophorias. In this study we have continued the work by
      investigating whether the oculomotor system can also adapt to lens-induced
      heterophorias. It was found that subjects gradually adapted to the esophoria
      induced when viewing a distance chart through negative lenses. Adaptation also
      occurred to lens-induced esophoria and exophoria at near, while at distance,
      where the visual feedback was unaltered, the phoria remained virtually constant.
      These findings demonstrate the flexibility of the oculomotor system.

PMID- 4073215
TI  - Bifocal adds in Nigeria.
AB  - A total of 447 female and 915 male presbyopic patients were examined in the Benin
      City, Nigeria optometry clinic. Comparison of bifocal adds with published data
      from other areas of the globe suggests that climatic temperature has less effect
      on the age of onset of presbyopia than other authors have claimed.

PMID- 4073216
TI  - Clinical evaluation of the Canon Autoref R-1.
AB  - A clinical evaluation of the Canon Autoref R-1 was carried out on 93 subjects
      (186 eyes). Results were compared to clinical refractive data. A measure of the R
      1 reliability was obtained both for successive measurements and measurements
      repeated on separate occasions. The validity of the instrument was found to be
      similar to that found in other investigations.

PMID- 4073217
TI  - Clonal origin of mouse liver cell tumors.
AB  - The clonal origin of tumors was studied in a large series of liver cell tumors in
      mice. Tumors were induced with phenobarbitone alone or following N-nitroso
      diethylamine administration in female mice heterozygous for the sparse-fur
      strain. In this strain, a histochemical technique can be used in heterozygotes to
      differentiate clearly between liver cells expressing the histochemically positive
      normal or the histochemically negative abnormal form of the X-linked enzyme
      ornithine carbamoyl transferase. Three hundred twenty-seven liver tumors in
      heterozygous female Spf mice were studied: 157 (48%) were uniformly negative, and
      160 (49%) were positive (some with partial enzyme loss). One hundred fifty-four
      liver tumors in normal mice were studied; all were positive, with a frequency of
      partial enzyme loss similar to that seen in the heterozygotes. Ten (3%) of the
      tumors in the heterozygotes contained some separate groups of positive and
      negative cells, but no tumor was made up exclusively of such groups. Even the
      smallest recognizable tumors were made up of single-phenotype cells, which
      suggested that a polyclonal origin followed at a later stage by clonal selection
      was unlikely. It is concluded that at least 97% of the tumors were of single-cell
      origin, and that convincing evidence of a polyclonal origin was completely
      lacking. It is also concluded that the histochemical demonstration of an X-linked
      enzyme in tumors induced in female animals heterozygous for an abnormal form of
      that enzyme provides an extremely useful technique for the study of the origins
      of neoplasia.

PMID- 4073218
TI  - Stimulation of albumin endocytosis by cationized ferritin in cultured aortic
      smooth muscle cells.
AB  - Anionic microdomains within the aortic smooth muscle cell (SMC) surface
      glycocalyx represent a potential barrier to the endocytosis of anionic plasma
      proteins. Cultured SMCs exposed briefly to cationized ferritin (CF) exhibit
      ultrastructural aggregations of surface anionic sites resulting in intervening
      areas essentially devoid of anionic charge. Preincubation of cultured aortic
      medial SMCs with 0.2 mg/ml CF for 1 minute at 37 C resulted in a 4-fold increase
      in binding and a 13-fold increase in internalization of 125I-human serum albumin
      (125I-HSA) relative to cells pretreated with native ferritin. When both the CF
      preincubation and the endocytosis were performed at 4 C, the influence of CF was
      abolished. Studies at 4 C indicated that CF pretreatment of SMC at 37 C induced
      high affinity (Kd = 1.5 nM) saturable 125I-HSA binding, in addition to low
      affinity nonsaturable binding. These results were further confirmed by binding
      competition studies using increasing concentrations of unlabeled HSA. In
      contrast, low-density lipoprotein, a large anionic molecule, failed to compete
      with 125I-HSA for binding sites on CF-pretreated SMCs at either 4 or 37 C. Pulse
      chase studies at 37 C indicated that 20-30% of internalized 125I-HSA was
      degraded, and 40-50% exocytosed within 24 hours in CF-treated cells. CF
      pretreatment of the SMCs did not significantly enhance the uptake of 14C-sucrose
      as a measure of fluid-phase endocytosis at 30 and 60 minutes. The results of
      these studies emphasize the potentially important regulatory roles of cell
      surface anionic charge distribution and cationic molecules in cellular
      endocytosis.

PMID- 4073219
TI  - Myocyte vacuolization in infarct border zones is reversible.
AB  - The nature of the changes occurring in the border zone of myocardial infarcts is
      uncertain. To study this question, the authors analyzed a number of morphologic
      features in hearts studied after postmortem arteriography and fixation in
      distention from 204 patients with single myocardial infarcts autopsied at The
      Johns Hopkins Hospital. Vacuolization of myocytes was observed in 53 (26%) cases,
      predominantly in surviving subendocardium and trabecular myocardium within the
      infarct. Lateral myocardium seldom and subepicardial myocardium almost never
      showed vacuolar change. Myocyte vacuolization progressively developed and then
      decreased with time: 1/20 (5%) hearts with infarcts less than 2 days old, 17/48
      (35%) infarcts 2-14 days old, 13/27 (48%) infarcts 15-60 days old, 4/12 (33%)
      infarcts 61-365 days old, and 18/97 (19%) infarcts greater than 365 days old.
      Reduction in vacuolization with time was not explained by necrosis of vacuolated
      cells; rather, the myocardium showed normal morphology. Presence of vacuolization
      in old infarcts was associated with severe multivessel coronary artery disease
      and endocardial fibroelastosis. The results suggest that infarct border zone
      myocyte vacuolization may be correctable by reversal of regional ischemia;
      however, only a trivial amount of myocardium, relative to infarct size, undergoes
      vacuolar change.

PMID- 4073220
TI  - Glomerular anionic site distribution in nonproteinuric rats. A computer-assisted
      morphometric analysis.
AB  - The cationic ultrastructural tracer polyethyleneimine (PEI: pI approximately
      equal to 11.0), binds electrophysically to uniformly spaced discrete electron
      dense anionic sites present in the laminae rarae of the rat glomerular basement
      membrane (GBM), mesangial reflections of the GBM, Bowman's capsule, and tubular
      basement membranes when administered intravenously. Computer-assisted
      morphometric analysis of glomerular anionic sites reveals that the maximum
      concentration of stainable lamina rara externa (lre) sites (21/10,000 A GBM)
      occurs 60 minutes after PEI injection with a site-site interspacing of 460 A.
      Lamina rara interna (lri) sites similarly demonstrate a maximum concentration
      (20/10,000 A GBM) at 60 minutes with a periodicity of 497 A. The concentration
      and distribution of anionic sites within the lri was irregular in pattern and
      markedly decreased in number, while the lre possesses an electrical field that is
      highly regular at all time intervals analyzed (15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300
      minutes). Immersion and perfusion of renal tissue with PEI reveals additional
      heavy staining of the epithelial and endothelial cell sialoprotein coatings. PEI
      appears to bind to glomerular anionic sites reversibly: ie, between 60 and 180
      minutes the concentration of stained sites decreases. At 300 minutes, the
      interspacing once again approaches the 60-minute concentration. This suggests a
      dynamic turnover or dissociation followed by a reassociation of glomerular
      negatively charged PEI binding sites. In contrast, morphometric analysis of
      anionic sites stained with lysozyme and protamine sulfate reveals interspacings
      of 642 A and 585 A, respectively; in addition, these tracers produce major
      glomerular ultrastructural alterations and induce transient proteinuria. PEI does
      not induce proteinuria in rats, nor does it produce glomerular morphologic
      alterations when ten times the tracer dosage is administered intravenously. These
      findings indicate that the choice of ultrastructural charge tracer, the method of
      administering the tracer, and the time selected for analysis of tissue after
      administration of tracer significantly influences results. Morphometric analysis
      of the distribution of glomerular anionic sites in nonproteinuric rats provides a
      method of evaluating quantitative alterations of the glomerular charge barrier in
      renal disease models.

PMID- 4073221
TI  - Effects of pergolide on diethylstilbestrol-induced rat pituitary hyperplasia.
AB  - Hyperplastic anterior pituitary glands were produced in female rats by treatment
      with 10 mg of diethylstilbestrol in Silastic tubing. This led to increased
      numbers of immunoreactive prolactin cells and increased serum prolactin levels.
      After 6 weeks of diethylstilbestrol treatment, one group of rats was treated with
      daily injections of pergolide for 3 weeks. Pergolide produced a significant
      decrease in pituitary gland weight and in serum prolactin levels but did not
      change the percentage of prolactin cells significantly, compared with that of
      control rats. Ultrastructural studies showed a significant increase in the
      numbers of prolactin secretory granules and numerous large intracellular bodies
      with associated secretory granules in pituitaries from rats treated with
      pergolide. In one group of rats in which the diethylstilbestrol was discontinued
      for 3 weeks after 6 weeks of treatment there was a significant decrease in
      pituitary gland weight and serum prolactin and a significant decrease in the
      percentage of prolactin cells, compared with values in the rats treated with
      diethylstilbestrol for 9 weeks. These results indicate that pergolide causes
      decreased release of prolactin from secretory granules in anterior pituitary
      prolactin cells and an increase in the numbers of PRL secretory granules per cell
      but does not change the percentage of prolactin-producing pituitary cells after 3
      weeks of treatment.

PMID- 4073223
TI  - Thinking about the threat of nuclear war: relevance to mental health.
AB  - Ontario students in grades 7-13 responded to open-ended and multiple-choice
      questions about future concerns, particularly unemployment, job/career plans, and
      the nuclear threat. Although worries about nuclear war were more frequent than
      those in other areas, their expression was associated with a sense of social
      efficacy rather than with feelings of helplessness.

PMID- 4073222
TI  - Soviet children and the threat of nuclear war: a preliminary study.
AB  - This study, the first undertaken by Western researchers with Soviet children on
      the subject of nuclear weapons, compared the questionnaire responses of 293
      Soviet youngsters with those of 201 age-matched Californians. Interviews were
      conducted to supplement the questionnaire findings. Similarities and differences
      between the two samples are discussed in the context of how young people today
      perceive the threat of nuclear war.

PMID- 4073224
TI  - Factors influencing psychosocial adjustment to forced geographical relocation:
      the Israeli withdrawal from the Sinai.
AB  - The evacuation of an Israeli community in the Sinai peninsula afforded an unusual
      opportunity to study the relationships among individual coping styles, social
      network characteristics, and parameters of psychosocial adjustment manifested by
      community residents immediately prior to their forced relocation. Key variables
      affecting adjustment are highlighted and directions for future research are
      suggested.

PMID- 4073225
TI  - The traumatic impact of child sexual abuse: a conceptualization.
AB  - A framework is proposed for a more systematic understanding of the effects of
      child sexual abuse. Four traumagenic dynamics--traumatic sexualization, betrayal,
      stigmatization, and powerlessness--are identified as the core of the
      psychological injury inflicted by abuse. These dynamics can be used to make
      assessments of victimized children and to anticipate problems to which these
      children may be vulnerable subsequently. Implications for research are also
      considered.

PMID- 4073226
TI  - Alliance formation with parents: limit-setting and the effect of mandated
      reporting.
AB  - The ability of parents to cooperate in their children's treatment is not fixed,
      but is a potential that evolves in a clinical relationship. Such clinical work
      includes a hierarchy of limit-setting, ranging from education to legal
      intervention. The experience of an inpatient child psychosomatic service
      indicates that such limit-setting was relevant in more than 50% of cases, and
      served to enhance the alliance with parents and children.

PMID- 4073228
TI  - Relapse in alcoholism: new perspectives.
AB  - This paper focuses on relapse in the sober, motivated alcoholic in early recovery
      as illustrative of the core problem involved in alcoholism treatment. The
      psychological mechanisms of the relapse phenomenon are reexamined and a
      theoretical model radically different from traditional constructs is proposed.

PMID- 4073227
TI  - Failure of rapport: why psychotherapeutic engagement fails in the treatment of
      Asian clients.
AB  - The extent to which relatively unassimilated Asian clients can utilize
      traditional psychotherapy is likely to depend upon the ability of therapists to
      understand cultural differences and to adapt their clinical styles accordingly.
      Common errors made by non-Asian therapists attempting to engage Asians in
      psychotherapy are identified and appropriate therapeutic strategies are
      suggested.

PMID- 4073229
TI  - Head Start: how appropriate for minority families in the 1980s?
AB  - This paper examines four concepts of Head Start that are of particular concern
      for minorities: community control, parent involvement, comprehensive services,
      and cultural diversity. Recognizing the ingenuity, appeal, and resilience of Head
      Start, the challenge of the 1980s is to maintain, advocate for, and monitor
      program quality. Recommendations to this end are offered.

PMID- 4073230
TI  - The rationale for Head Start as a vehicle for the upward mobility of minority
      families: a minority perspective.
AB  - This paper critiques four premises that guided the development of Head Start: the
      culture-of-poverty theory; the concept of transgenerational poverty; the
      assumption of education as a vehicle for upward mobility; and the assumption that
      the child could serve as a vehicle for the economic mobility of the family.
      Recommendations for program emphases are presented.

PMID- 4073231
TI  - Assessing Head Start at 20: an invited commentary.
AB  - In a critique of the preceding articles by Valora Washington and Ura Jean
      Oyemade, one of the originators of Head Start points up the accomplishments of
      the program over the past two decades, takes note of some of its limitations, and
      assesses the prospects for Head Start in the current era of conservative fiscal
      policy.

PMID- 4073232
TI  - The scapegoating of mothers: a call for change.

PMID- 4073233
TI  - Community mental health unraveling: the folly of cost containment.

PMID- 4073234
TI  - Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Neurological Surgery of the
      Ear and Skull Base.

PMID- 4073235
TI  - Recurrence rate of partially resected acoustic tumors.
AB  - Thirty-three (16.5%) of the first 200 patients who presented to the Otologic
      Medical Group with acoustic tumors underwent surgery for their subtotal removal.
      These 33 patients, operated on between 1964 and 1967, were followed for clinical
      evidence of recurrent tumor for a period ranging from 2 to 20 years. Twelve
      patients required further surgery for recurrent tumor and three of these repeat
      surgery patients died as a result of their tumors. Case reports of six patients
      who underwent partial resection are presented with recent computed cranial
      tomographic follow-up.

PMID- 4073236
TI  - Transtemporal approaches to the cranial cavity.
AB  - A variety of surgical approaches through the temporal bone to the cranial cavity
      have been described in the past. We advocate creative modifications and
      combinations of these approaches in order to match the specific needs of
      particular tumors and other types of pathology. Two case examples demonstrating
      the need for such modifications are presented.

PMID- 4073237
TI  - Endaural brain hernia: repair using mastoid cortical bone.
AB  - We present three cases of endaural brain hernia and a method of repair using
      sculptured mastoid cortical bone. The literature is reviewed to illustrate
      etiology, pathology, clinical presentation, and management options of this
      uncommon clinical entity. We classify the hernias as pedunculated or sessile,
      with associated factors such as viability of herniated brain, infection, CSF
      leak, and neurologic complications. A management scheme is proposed encompassing
      surgical options now available and their attendant risks and complications.

PMID- 4073238
TI  - Hearing conservation surgery for acoustic tumors--a clinical-pathologic
      correlative study.
AB  - It has been estimated that hearing conservation is possible in 50% of patients
      with tumors extending medial to the porus acusticus 1.5 cm or less and who
      maintain speech discrimination scores of 80% or greater. Others have indicated
      that a hearing level of 30 dB or less and 80% discrimination are ideal candidates
      for hearing preservation surgery. Twenty-two cases of solitary schwannoma of the
      eighth nerve are reviewed in which adequate tissue was available for histologic
      fiber analysis, using the established preoperative predictive criteria for
      hearing preservation surgery. We describe the histology found in patients meeting
      these preoperative criteria. The tumors in ten cases measured less than 1.5 cm;
      five cases had a discrimination score of 80% or greater; and four cases had a
      pure-tone average of 30 dB or less. Only three cases satisfied any two criteria
      and only one case satisfied all three criteria. All cases had significant fiber
      destruction and tumor infiltration. The one case that met all three criteria
      demonstrated severe tumor infiltration within the cochlear nerve and the trunk of
      the eighth nerve; in two of five subserial en block tumor-nerve cross-sections no
      fibers could be identified crossing the tumor. Histologic data suggests that
      completely removing the tumor while attempting to preserve hearing may be beyond
      present surgical capabilities. They further suggest that the present preoperative
      criteria for selection of patients for hearing preservation are inadequate.

PMID- 4073239
TI  - Translabyrinthine removal of large acoustic tumors.
AB  - The translabyrinthine technique was used to remove tumors of various sizes in 50
      cases. Outcome is presented stressing immediate and eventual facial function, for
      tumors measuring 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 mm. Immediate facial function is a good
      predictor of permanent facial activity; regeneration of the facial nerve gives
      good but never perfect function. Except for preservation of hearing,
      translabyrinthine surgery gives equally good and probably better results than
      other techniques.

PMID- 4073240
TI  - Cochlear endolymphatic shunt for Meniere's disease.
AB  - We have now performed the cochlear endolymphatic shunt operation for Meniere's
      disease on 102 ears and have follow-up data on ninety cases. In this fourth
      report of results of the procedure, we show that after follow-up ranging from one
      month to six years (average 22.3 months), definitive vertigo was relieved in 72%
      of the cases and that hearing at the time of most recent audiogram (average 12.6
      months postoperatively) was worse (AAO criteria) in 45% of the cases.

PMID- 4073241
TI  - Retrolabyrinthine vestibular neurectomy with and without monitoring of eighth
      nerve potentials.
AB  - Retrolabyrinthine vestibular neurectomy is a safe and effective treatment for
      Meniere's disease and inner ear vertigo. Hearing was maintained within 20 dB of
      the preoperative level in 83% of our patients and speech discrimination scores
      were preserved within 20% in 80%. Intraoperative monitoring of audiometric evoked
      potentials, employed to study the possible causes of hearing loss, provided
      rapid, sensitive detection of trauma to the auditory system. Our patients
      benefited from this technique--those who underwent retrolabyrinthine vestibular
      nerve section, as well as those who experienced acoustic neuroma surgery, where
      hearing preservation is a goal. Direct intraoperative monitoring of eighth nerve
      function continues to be a standard part of our surgical practice.

PMID- 4073242
TI  - Monitoring of facial nerve function during removal of acoustic tumor.
AB  - A method for locating the facial nerve during removal of medium to large acoustic
      tumors is described. The method consists of stimulating the tumor mass with short
      rectangular pulses of monopolar, constant voltage and then presenting the
      electrical responses from the facial muscles through a loudspeaker. In this way,
      regions of the tumor where there is no nerve present can be identified and large
      parts of the tumor removed safely and quickly. Monitoring spontaneous
      electromyogram (EMG) activity was used to reduce the risk of damaging the facial
      nerve when parts of medium to large acoustic tumors adhering to the nerve were
      removed from 20 patients operated upon consecutively by the same surgeon. Only 1
      patient lost facial function with the nerve intact anatomically. Nine patients
      had normal function immediately after the operation and had no detectable
      weakness upon discharge 6-8 days later, 4 patients had weakness which was
      resolved, and 6 patients had partial loss of facial function at the time of
      discharge. The same method may be used to identify the facial nerve during other
      operations in which this structure is at risk.

PMID- 4073243
TI  - The physiologic basis of conjugate eye movements.
AB  - We review the physiologic basis for conjugate eye movements and the role of the
      cerebellum in their regulation. Specifically, the characteristics of the
      vestibulo-ocular reflex, the optokinetic reflex, pursuit eye movements, and
      saccadic eye movements are discussed, emphasizing that the ocular motor system
      operates to minimize the slip of an image on the retina under various behavioral
      conditions. Such conditions include changes in the position of the head in space
      and various combinations of eye and head movements that occur while pursuing a
      target in visual space. The importance of the cerebellum in regulating smooth
      pursuit movements is emphasized, and the general categories of deficits resulting
      from abnormalities in this function are reviewed briefly. The abnormalities in
      conjugate eye movements observed after cerebellar lesions are related to the
      abnormalities in movements of the extremities observed in the same patients.

PMID- 4073244
TI  - Patterns of degeneration of the facial nerve.
AB  - Facial palsy is a distressing nonfatal disorder that creates an emotional crisis
      for the patient and often a therapeutic enigma for the physician. Among the
      causes for facial palsy are neoplasia, infection, trauma, and dysmorphogenesis.
      Histologic studies of the temporal bones of twelve subjects with facial nerve
      pathology demonstrate the susceptibility of the nerve to pressure atrophy in its
      course in the temporal bone. Lesions located central to the genu cause
      degeneration of the motor component distally and the sensory component medially.
      Lesions located peripheral to the genu cause degeneration of both sensory and
      motor bundles distally.

PMID- 4073245
TI  - Facial nerve substitution: a review of sixty-six cases.

PMID- 4073246
TI  - Intraoperative facial nerve monitoring.
AB  - Intraoperative evoked electromyography is an effective tool for use in locating
      the position of a normal facial nerve or the site of a nerve conduction block in
      acute facial paralysis. The technique of intraoperative evoked electromyography
      is described. Intraoperative stimulation of the facial nerve is a more accurate
      method of identifying a nerve conduction block than the site-of-lesion Schirmer's
      test.

PMID- 4073247
TI  - Facial reanimation after skull base trauma.
AB  - Three basic types of procedures are used by the author to reanimate the face
      paralyzed by interruption of the facial nerve at the skull base. In order of
      choice they are direct nerve repair or grafting; hypoglossal-facial nerve
      anastomosis; and regional facial reanimation (brow lift, implantation of a gold
      weight or spring in the eyelid, tightening of the lower eyelid, and temporalis
      muscle transposition to reanimate the mouth). The indications for and expected
      results of each approach are presented with special emphasis on the usefulness of
      regional reanimation.

PMID- 4073248
TI  - Facial paralysis and Bell's palsy: a protocol for differential diagnosis.
AB  - In the past, most cases of facial paralysis have been erroneously labeled Bell's
      palsy. Bell's palsy has been synonymous with and defined as idiopathic facial
      paralysis affecting only the facial nerve within the confines of the temporal
      bone. In the last ten years, Bell's palsy has been redefined as viral
      polyneuritis, probably caused by herpes simplex reactivation, and its diagnosis
      is no longer reached by exclusion. This article discusses the signs, symptoms,
      and testing necessary to confidently and accurately differentiate Bell's palsy
      from other forms of facial paralysis. The nonspecificity of topographic diagnosis
      is discussed and statistical analysis of factors affecting prognosis are
      included.

PMID- 4073249
TI  - Evoked serial electromyography in the evaluation of the paralyzed face.
AB  - Serial evoked electromyography (EEMG) is a reliable, objective, repeatable test
      of facial nerve function. It is very important in the initial patient evaluation
      in determining percent degeneration of the facial nerve. A response of 0-20% will
      usually result in incomplete return of facial function while responses of 60% or
      better will usually result in normal function. With viral facial paralysis
      (Bell's palsy, herpes zoster oticus), serial EEMG after several weeks has little
      value in predicting the final percent recovery of facial function. If there is no
      EEMG response, the diagnosis of viral facial paralysis is questionable and serial
      tests should be done until facial function begins to return. If there is no
      return of facial function or EEMG responses, the diagnosis is probably a tumor
      and the nerve should be explored. When surgical manipulation of the facial nerve
      has resulted in partial facial weakness, EEMG helps predict the degree of
      recovery of facial function. EEMG results of 60% or better will result in normal
      facial function while EEMG results of 25% or less will result in incomplete
      return of facial function. Serial testing is not necessary in this group of
      patients. After transection and repair of the facial nerve, serial EEMG is of
      value in showing continuity of the repair. Lack of improvement in EEMG over 5-12
      months and no return of facial function indicates poor prognosis.

PMID- 4073250
TI  - Hearing preservation after acoustic neuroma surgery using intraoperative direct
      eighth cranial nerve monitoring.
AB  - Since the advent of brainstem auditory evoked response audiometry and
      computerized tomography, small acoustic neuromas are found more frequently. The
      patients often have serviceable hearing and wish to preserve it during complete
      tumor removal. Since 1978, we operated on thirteen patients with acoustic
      neuromas using the retrosigmoid suboccipital approach. Our goal in these cases
      was to preserve hearing. We began using intraoperative direct eighth nerve
      monitoring in 1983. This allowed us to rapidly assess cochlear nerve function
      during excision of small acoustic neuromas. Intraoperative monitoring was used in
      5 of 13 cases, and in three patients, hearing was preserved. In the 8 cases where
      intraoperative monitoring was not used, hearing was preserved in only two
      patients. Our overall success rate of simultaneous total tumor removal hearing
      preservation was 38%. Tumor size varied from intracanalicular to one with a 3.0
      cm protrusion medial to the porus acousticus. Hearing was preserved in 54% of
      cases where tumor size was less than 1.5 cm. We find continuous monitoring of
      direct eighth nerve evoked action potentials to be extremely valuable and a rapid
      indication of reversible cochlear nerve trauma.

PMID- 4073251
TI  - Distribution and density of subepithelial collagen in the endolymphatic sac in
      patients with Meniere's disease.
AB  - Our understanding of the histology and histopathology of the endolymphatic sac
      (ELS) is based on both temporal bone preparations and biopsy material. The
      current study will provide the basis for an ultrastructural analysis of the
      spectrum of pathologic changes observed in biopsy specimens from patients with
      endolymphatic hydrops in Meniere's disease. Emphasis is placed on the
      distribution and density of subepithelial collagen in the ELS of normal and
      hydropic patients. This study will be the light microscopic basis for an
      ultrastructural clinicopathologic correlation of inner ear tissue from the ELS
      with the clinical stage of the disease.

PMID- 4073252
TI  - Grommets versus paracentesis in secretory otitis media. A prospective, controlled
      study.
AB  - One hundred and ninety-three consecutive children with bilateral secretory otitis
      media were treated by adenoidectomy, bilateral paracentesis, and evacuation of
      middle ear effusion, but with insertion of a grommet in the right ear only. At
      follow-up one to three years later, the audiometric and tympanometric results
      were similar in right and left ears. The primary advantage of grommet insertion
      was normalization of the hearing ability for as long as the grommet was
      functioning. Thus, only 1% of the ears with grommets had hearing losses exceeding
      30 dB HL, whereas this occurred in about 20% of ears without grommets. The
      adverse effects of grommet insertion included periodic aural discharge during the
      functioning period of the grommet in 14% and tympanosclerosis of the drum in 48%.
      In the group of ears treated with paracentesis only, tympanosclerosis occurred in
      10%. However, reinsertion of grommets was indicated in 10% of right ears, and 23%
      of left ears required grommets as well. Of the various pre- and perioperative
      factors analyzed, only a granulating mucous membrane and copious middle ear
      effusion could be correlated to frequent and protracted episodes of secretory
      otitis that required repeated treatment. The implications of these findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 4073253
TI  - Aural abnormalities in Klippel-Feil syndrome.
AB  - Klippel-Feil syndrome, the triad of short neck, low occipital hairline, and
      limitation of movement of the head, is often associated with other serious
      congenital anomalies of the nervous, urogenital, and cardiovascular, and
      respiratory systems. Hearing loss is the second most common associated anomaly
      following neurologic defects. Histologic studies of the temporal bones of an
      infant with Klippel-Feil syndrome whom we studied showed severe anomalies in one
      ear consisting of microtia, aural atresia, maldeveloped ossicles, fixed stapes,
      hypoplastic facial nerve, short cochlea, and large diameter of the lateral
      semicircular canal.

PMID- 4073254
TI  - Multidirectional tomography in otospongiosis.
AB  - Eight clinical situations are best examined by polytomography, namely, ossicular
      chain disruption, malleus fixation, assessing the extent of footplate fixation,
      delineating cochlear otospongiosis, postoperative studies of unsuccessful cases,
      developing an anatomic map preoperatively with particular reference to the
      intratympanic course of the facial nerve, ruling in or out the rare closure of
      the round window by otospongiosis, and differentiation of the congenital
      footplate fixation from true otospongiosis. We discuss each of these situations
      briefly.

PMID- 4073255
TI  - Fenestral and cochlear otosclerosis: computed tomographic evaluation.
AB  - Computed tomography has replaced conventional multidirectional tomography in the
      imaging of patients with the presumed diagnosis of otosclerosis. In addition to
      obliterative disease, which was easily diagnosed with multidirectional
      tomography, anterior and posterior foci of varying sizes can now also be
      visualized preoperatively. Active cochlear otosclerosis (otospongiosis) is
      diagnosed in the presence of foci of demineralization in the otic capsule.
      Diagnosis of these entities has been of great interest to our referring otologic
      surgeons.

PMID- 4073256
TI  - Labyrinthine ossification: differences between two types of ectopic bone.
AB  - We found histologic differences between two types of ectopic bone in the
      labyrinthine spaces of seven temporal bones from patients with various surgical
      procedures and diseases. Metaplastic bone, which originates from scar or
      connective tissue, is cellular, is not eosinophilic, and does not have lamellae,
      osteoblasts on the surface, or sharp margins. Osteoplastic bone, which originates
      from adjacent bone capsule, is not cellular but is eosinophilic and has lamellae,
      osteoblasts on the surface, and sharp margins. Surgical interference within the
      blood supply to the inner ear was responsible for metaplastic bone, and damage to
      the endosteum by surgery or disease caused osteoplastic bone. We assume that
      endosteum damage during cochlear implant surgery plays a role in osteogenesis.

PMID- 4073257
TI  - Unilateral Meniere's disease: is the contralateral ear normal?
AB  - Certain investigations in patients with unilateral Meniere's disease may on
      occasion show abnormalities in the completely symptomless contralateral ear.
      These tests include transtympanic electrocochleography, the acetazolamide
      cochlear hydration test, vestibular aqueduct tomography, and caloric testing.
      Eventually these ears may well become symptomatic. Previous studies have shown
      that otoadmittance changes are a sensitive indicator of glycerol-induced
      intracochlear pressure alterations in hydropic ears, but do not occur in patients
      without Meniere's disease. Otoadmittance parameters were evaluated in the
      asymptomatic ears of 73 consecutive patients with unilateral Meniere's disease.
      Satisfactory traces and adequate dehydration were achieved in fifty-nine. A
      significant change in the maximum conductance, similar to that often seen in
      symptomatic hydropic ears, was found in twenty-four cases (40.7%). The presence
      of functional abnormalities in well over one-third of asymptomatic ears means
      that they cannot be used as controls in clinical research studies. Furthermore,
      recognition of contralateral latent hydrops at the initial otologic assessment
      may modify the subsequent treatment strategy.

PMID- 4073258
TI  - First branchial cleft cyst presenting as a mass within the external auditory
      canal.
AB  - A case of a serous cyst in the external auditory canal is reported, which is
      believed to be the first such occurrence in the reported literature. Its possible
      relationship to the first branchial cleft cyst is discussed. The lesion was
      marsupialized and did not recur during a period of two years' observation.

PMID- 4073259
TI  - Pneumocephalus following treatment of a stapes gusher.
AB  - A case history is presented of a patient who underwent stapedectomy complicated
      by a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) gusher. A persistent postoperative CSF leak was
      controlled by elevation of the head and spinal drainage. Retrograde passage of
      air through a labyrinthine fistula, however, resulted in pneumocephalus and
      transient neurologic deficit. This is a rare but serious complication of
      treatment of a stapes gusher which demonstrates the potential for entry of air
      intracranially in the presence of a perilymph fistula.

PMID- 4073260
TI  - Hypertension.

PMID- 4073261
TI  - The University of Tennessee otolaryngology training program.

PMID- 4073262
TI  - Total facial paralysis following keloid removal.

PMID- 4073263
TI  - Total paralysis of the forehead and eye following temporomandibular joint
      surgery.

PMID- 4073264
TI  - Natriuresis induced by arginine vasopressin infusion in sheep.
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate whether arginine vasopressin (AVP) is
      natriuretic in sheep at plasma concentrations comparable to those induced by
      water deprivation. AVP was infused intravenously at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 microgram/h
      for 24-48 h in sheep allowed free access to water. Infusion of AVP at 0.1
      microgram/h did not alter renal Na output, whereas infusion of AVP at both 0.2
      and 0.5 microgram/h significantly increased daily output of Na in urine.
      Significant natriuresis did not occur until 3.5 h after the start of AVP infusion
      at 0.2 microgram/h. Plasma AVP levels induced by these infusions were 9.8 +/- 1.6
      (0.1 microgram/h AVP), 21.9 +/- 7.7 (0.2 microgram/h AVP), and 32.5 +/- 9.0 pg/ml
      (0.5 microgram/h AVP) after 24 h. These concentrations are within the range found
      in sheep deprived of water for 3 days. Hypophysectomy abolished increases in
      plasma AVP concentration but not natriuresis in response to water deprivation.
      This suggests that increased plasma AVP concentration does not play an essential
      role in the mechanisms subserving dehydration-induced natriuresis.

PMID- 4073265
TI  - Effect of intrarenal angiotensin II infusion on the renal escape from
      mineralocorticoid.
AB  - This study examined the hypothesis that suppression of the antinatriuretic action
      of angiotensin II (ANG II) is an important determinant of the escape from the
      sodium-retaining effects of mineralocorticoid. In five uninephrectomized dogs
      aldosterone (ALDO) infusion (10 ng X kg-1 X min-1) produced a fall in sodium
      excretion (UNaV) on the first day that returned to control on the fourth day of
      ALDO infusion. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased from 89 +/- 1 to 100 +/- 1
      mmHg, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increased from 38 +/- 3 to 45 +/- 3
      ml/min during ALDO infusion. After recovery, intrarenal infusion of ANG II (1.5
      ng X kg-1 X min-1) was initiated to maintain a constant level of ANG II during
      the subsequent aldosterone administration. The intrarenal ANG II infusion
      produced a sustained increase in MAP (12 +/- 4 mmHg) and a sustained decrease in
      GFR (11 +/- 5 ml/min) and effective renal plasma flow (42 +/- 17 ml/min). With
      intrarenal ANG II levels fixed, ALDO infusion again produced a marked decrease in
      UNaV on the first day followed by a return to control levels on the third day.
      Again, MAP and GFR increased significantly during ALDO infusion (from 101 +/- 2
      to 119 +/- 2 mmHg and from 27 +/- 6 to 35 +/- 4 ml/min, respectively). The
      absolute increase in MAP was significantly greater during ALDO infusion with
      intrarenal ANG II infusion as compared with ALDO infusion with intrarenal vehicle
      infusion alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4073266
TI  - Modification of experimental gentamicin nephrotoxicity by selective
      parathyroidectomy.
AB  - Dietary calcium loading reduces gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats. Since
      parathyroid hormone increases renal brush border membrane anionic phospholipids,
      the putative gentamicin receptors, the effects of selective parathyroidectomy on
      gentamicin nephrotoxicity were examined. Male Fisher 344 rats underwent
      parathyroidectomy or sham surgery. All animals were fed a diet containing 0.5%
      calcium for 2 wk prior to gentamicin, 20 mg/kg twice daily for 6 and 10 days.
      Other parathyroidectomized rats were fed a 4% calcium diet for 2 wk and treated
      similarly with gentamicin On day 6, serum creatinine (mg/100 ml) was 2.0 +/- 0.9
      in the sham-operated animals, 1.7 +/- 1.6 in the parathyroidectomized animals on
      the 0.5% diet, and 0.8 +/- 0.1 in the parathyroidectomized animals on the 4%
      diet. By 10 days, the sham-operated animals had creatinine values of 6.3 +/- 1.6
      (mg/100 ml) compared with 1.7 +/- .9 in the parathyroidectomized animals on the
      same diet and 0.8 +/- 0.2 in the 4% diet animals. More severe tubular necrosis
      was present in the sham-operated compared with the parathyroidectomized animals.
      High calcium diet in the parathyroidectomized animals produced structural and
      functional protection from gentamicin nephrotoxicity. Human parathyroid hormone
      (1-34) 20 IU twice daily given subcutaneously to a separate group of
      parathyroidectomized rats, eliminated the protective effect of parathyroidectomy
      on renal structure and function. Parathyroidectomy modifies experimental
      gentamicin nephrotoxicity. The additional protective effect of dietary calcium
      loading may be independent of parathyroid ablation.

PMID- 4073267
TI  - Metabolic responses of the kidney in fetal sheep: effect of acute and spontaneous
      hypoxemia.
AB  - To examine the effects of hypoxemia on carbohydrate and O2 consumption by the
      fetal kidney, we inserted catheters into the descending aorta, inferior vena
      cava, and left renal vein of 14 fetal sheep at 120-130 days gestation. Three to
      nine days after surgery, nine fetuses had an arterial PO2 of 22 +/- 2 mmHg and O2
      content of 2.68 +/- 0.65 mM. In these fetuses, the kidneys consumed O2 (107 +/-
      21 mumol X min-1 X 100 g-1, mean +/- SD) and lactate (14 +/- 9.6 mumol X min-1 X
      100 g-1) but produced glucose (5.6 +/- 6.5 mumol X min-1 X 100 g-1; 95%
      confidence limits, 0.62 and 10.5). When acute hypoxemia was induced by decreasing
      maternal fractional inspired O2 (FIO2) to 0.09, renal O2 consumption fell
      slightly (to 82 +/- 21 mumol X min-1 X 100 g-1), and there was net glucose uptake
      and net lactate release. A group of five fetuses was spontaneously hypoxemic 3-5
      days after surgery and had an arterial PO2 of 14 +/- 2 mmHg and O2 content of
      1.99 +/- 0.51 mM. Renal blood flow and O2 consumption were greater in these
      fetuses than in the normoxemic fetuses. There was net lactate uptake and no net
      flux of glucose across the renal circulation. These results demonstrate that
      renal metabolism of carbohydrate is altered by changes in fetal oxygenation.

PMID- 4073268
TI  - Contributions of glomerular and tubular mechanisms to antidiuresis in conscious
      domestic fowl.
AB  - Recently developed radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques were employed in a
      quantitative investigation of the renal actions of the avian antidiuretic hormone
      arginine vasotocin (AVT) in the conscious domestic fowl. Constant intravenous
      infusion of AVT at doses of 0.125-1.00 ng X kg-1 X min-1 was used to produce
      plasma AVT (PAVT) concentrations (verified by RIA) over the entire range of
      physiological PAVT levels in the domestic fowl. Comparison of the dose-response
      relationships between PAVT and glomerular and tubular mechanisms of antidiuresis
      revealed that tubular mechanisms are of primary importance and glomerular
      mechanisms of secondary importance in the conservation of water by the avian
      kidney. The greatest proportion of the total AVT-induced reduction in renal water
      excretion occurred at low physiological PAVT levels (less than 5 microU/ml),
      prior to any significant reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and
      appeared to be the exclusive result of tubular mechanisms of antidiuresis. At
      high PAVT levels (5-16 microU/ml), glomerular and tubular mechanisms overlapped,
      and their effects on water conservation could not be separated. Although GFR was
      reduced by nearly 30% at the highest dose of AVT, only minor additional amounts
      of water were conserved by the combined actions of glomerular and tubular
      mechanisms. Thus glomerular mechanisms appear to have only a minor secondary
      effect on water-conserving ability of the avian kidney.

PMID- 4073269
TI  - Identification of the bicarbonate secretory cell of the turtle bladder.
AB  - The turtle bladder consists primarily of two mucosal cell types, mitochondrial
      rich (MR) and granular (G) cells. The MR cells secrete H+. In addition, the
      bladder secretes HCO3-, an energy-requiring Cl(-)-dependent transport system.
      These studies were designed to identify the cell type responsible for HCO3-
      secretion. Specific HCO3- and H+ secretory inhibitors were added to alter O2
      consumption of MR and G cells. Cells were separated by Ficoll density
      centrifugation. Ouabain (10(-4) M) was used in all studies to eliminate O2
      consumption associated with Na+ transport. O2 consumption of cells treated with
      10(-4) M 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-sulfonic acid (SITS), which
      indirectly inhibits H+ secretion, was compared with cells additionally treated
      with 5 X 10(-4) M acetazolamide, an inhibitor of both H+ and HCO3- secretion. O2
      consumption of MR cells treated with SITS alone was significantly greater than
      that of MR cells additionally treated with acetazolamide (delta = 0.56 +/- 0.10
      microliter O2 X h-1 X mg protein-1, n = 6, P less than 0.003). There was no
      significant difference in G cells similarly treated. Another means of selectively
      altering H+ and HCO3- transports and their associated metabolic rates is to
      manipulate the Cl- concentration of the incubation medium. In a Cl(-)-rich
      medium, HCO3- and H+ transports are maximized. In low Cl(-)-SO2-4 medium, HCO3-
      secretion is selectively reduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4073270
TI  - Tubular reabsorption delay of amino acids in the rabbit kidney.
AB  - Estimates were obtained both with a rapid-transient technique and under steady
      state conditions of the average time required for filtered solutes in the intact
      rabbit kidney to cross tubular epithelium from tubular lumen into the peritubular
      inulin space. This interval, defined as the transepithelial passage time, was
      relatively short (about 15 s) for glucose, in agreement with earlier results in
      the dog. In contrast, several amino acids required an average transepithelial
      passage time of about 40 s. Values for aspartate could only be obtained when its
      large basolateral uptake was inhibited by excess succinate. The long
      transepithelial passage time may be due to the slow extrusion of reabsorbed amino
      acids across basolateral cell membranes. This hypothesis was supported by the
      extent of tissue accumulation of amino acids during reabsorption. Even though
      basolateral transfer may thus limit the linear rate of movement of filtered amino
      acids across the epithelium, the step determining fractional absorption from the
      lumen is situated at the brush border.

PMID- 4073271
TI  - Ontogeny of triamcinolone-acetonide binding sites in outer cortical tissue from
      rat kidneys.
AB  - The ontogeny of glucocorticoid binding sites and the glucocorticoid hormone (GC)
      feedback control of available glucocorticoid binding sites was studied using the
      cytosolic fraction of outer cortical tissue obtained from kidneys in 20- and 40
      day-old intact and adrenalectomized rats. Morphometric analysis showed that this
      tissue contained 85.7% (20 days) and 88.7% (40 days) of proximal tubular cells.
      Glucocorticoid binding sites were determined by [3H]triamcinolone-acetonide (TA)
      binding and isoelectric focusing analysis. In intact rats, TA binding sites
      (fmol/mg DNA) were significantly higher at 20 (3,624) than at 40 (1,640) days.
      Adrenalectomy significantly increased TA binding sites (fmol/mg DNA) at 40 (to
      8,445) but not at 20 days. TA binding sites related to DNA were significantly
      higher in 20- than in 40-day-old intact rats and significantly higher in 40- than
      in 20-day-old adrenalectomized rats. Serum corticosterone (nM) was not
      significantly different in 20- (230) and 40- (189) day-old rats. After in vivo
      administration of a synthetic GC, TA binding sites were replenished to the
      cytosol after 20-24 h. Prolonged GC treatment (1-60 micrograms X 100 g body wt-1
      X day-1) depressed the replenishment of TA binding sites significantly more in 40
      than in 20-day-old adrenalectomized rats. Kd was determined in both intact and
      adrenalectomized 20- and 40-day-old rats and ranged between 1.30 and 4.33 nM. The
      steroidal specificity for the TA binding sites was the same in 20- and 40-day-old
      rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4073272
TI  - Erythrocyte flow and dynamic hematocrit in the renal papilla of the rat.
AB  - The microcirculation of the renal papilla was investigated in 32 vasa recta of
      Wistar rats. Using fluorescence microscopy in combination with a high-sensitivity
      television system we measured the velocity and flux of fluorescent-tagged
      erythrocytes in descending (DVR) and ascending vasa recta (AVR). After staining
      the plasma with fluorescent high molecular weight dextran we determined the
      diameters of DVR and AVR. Red cell flux (Qrbc) was determined from the ratio of
      the frequency of fluorescent-tagged red cells detected per unit time (fFITC) to
      the number of fluorescent-tagged red cells per nanoliter packed red cells
      (NFITC). From red cell velocity (Vrbc) and vessel diameter (D) we calculated the
      volume flow (Vapp). The dynamic hematocrit was directly derived as the ratio of
      Qrbc to Vapp. During antidiuresis Vrbc was 1.35 +/- 0.15 mm X s-1 (mean +/- SE)
      in DVR and 0.47 +/- 0.07 mm X s-1 in AVR. Qrbc in the same vessels averaged 3.26
      +/- 0.9 and 1.72 +/- 0.35 nl X min-1, respectively. The diameter in DVR was 14.3
      +/- 0.9 and in AVR 17.9 +/- 0.9 micron. From these values we calculated a dynamic
      hematocrit of 26 +/- 4 in DVR and 25 +/- 4% in AVR. The systemic hematocrit was
      44 +/- 1%. The dynamic hematocrit in vasa recta represented 59 +/- 9 and 57 +/-
      8% of the value in the systemic circulation, respectively.

PMID- 4073273
TI  - Nephron site of resistance to phosphaturic effect of PTH during respiratory
      alkalosis.
AB  - This study was performed to evaluate the nephron site(s) responsible for the
      blunted phosphaturic effect of parathyroid hormone during respiratory alkalosis.
      In normocapnic thyroparathyroidectomized rats, parathyroid hormone administration
      markedly increased the fractional excretion of phosphate (FEp) from 2.1 +/- 0.5
      to 36.6 +/- 5.0%. However, in the respiratory alkalotic rats, parathyroid hormone
      administration did not significantly increase the FEp (1.4 +/- 0.9 to 5.9 +/-
      2.2%). This blunted phosphaturic response to parathyroid hormone was not due to a
      blunted inhibition of phosphate reabsorption by the superficial proximal tubule,
      since parathyroid hormone administration significantly increased the fractional
      delivery of phosphate (FDp) at the superficial late proximal tubule in both
      normal (25.3 +/- 3.0 to 36.2 +/- 3.8%, delta 10.9 +/- 3.2%) and respiratory
      alkalotic rats (12.2 +/- 3.1 to 30.3 +/- 4.9%, delta 18.0 +/- 4.7%). Parathyroid
      hormone administration significantly increased the FDp at the superficial early
      distal tubule from 9.3 +/- 3.9 to 38.7 +/- 7.4% (delta 29.4 +/- 5.1%) in normal
      rats and from 4.5 +/- 1.7 to 12.9 +/- 3.4% (delta 8.5 +/- 3.2%) in the
      respiratory alkalotic rats. We conclude that the blunted phosphaturic response to
      parathyroid hormone in respiratory alkalotic rats is not due to a blunted
      inhibition of phosphate reabsorption by the proximal convoluted tubule but is
      primarily due to enhanced reabsorption by the pars recta segment of the proximal
      tubule.

PMID- 4073274
TI  - Binding of aldosterone metabolites in isolated tubular segments.
AB  - High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed on tissue
      extracts from whole kidney cortex (after in vivo injection or in vitro incubation
      with [3H]-aldosterone ([3H]A], from products bound to aldosterone receptors in
      cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions, and from the convoluted (PCT) and straight
      (PR) portion of the proximal tubule and cortical collecting tubule (CCT) isolated
      by micro-dissection after in vitro incubation with [3H]A (10 and 80 nM). After in
      vitro incubation of whole tissue, about 10% of the radioactivity corresponded to
      three groups of metabolites, two polar ones, which eluted earlier than
      aldosterone, and one less polar, which eluted later than aldosterone. When HPLC
      analysis was performed on bound products, after removal of free [3H]A, only one
      group of polar metabolites was detected (about 8% of the radioactivity) in
      addition to native [3H]A in the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions. The binding of
      polar metabolites was nonspecific (nondisplaceable) and did not vary with
      incubation time and aldosterone concentration. In isolated tubules, in addition
      to [3H]A, an early peak of polar metabolites, corresponding to that observed in
      bound fractions, was present in PCT (10%) and in PR and CCT (20-25%). Other
      metabolites were not found in isolated tubules. We conclude the following: 1) The
      kidney is able to form at least three groups of aldosterone metabolites in small
      amounts. 2) Only one of them (more polar) was detected, as a nonspecifically
      bound product, in cellular fractions containing hormone-receptor complexes after
      removal of free [3H]A. Other metabolites were removed with free [3H]A. 3) These
      polar metabolites were found in both mineralocorticoid target segments such as
      CCT and in classically nontarget segments such as the proximal tubule. 4) The
      nonspecificity of the binding of polar metabolites and the absence of selective
      localization along the nephron suggest that they have no major mineralocorticoid
      action.

PMID- 4073275
TI  - Effects of membrane fluidizing agents on renal brush border proton permeability.
AB  - H+ permeability (PH) of brush border membrane vesicles isolated from rabbit renal
      cortex was measured from the rate of collapse of preformed pH gradients using
      acridine orange fluorescence quenching. n-Alkanols increased PH from 0.005 to 0.1
      cm/s in a dose-dependent manner. At 25 degrees C, PH increased to 0.01 cm/s at [n
      alkanol] = 90 mM (butanol), 30 mM (pentanol), 7 mM (hexanol), and 1.8 mM
      (heptanol). Activation energy (Ea) of PH was 21.6 kcal/mol (5-50 degrees C),
      which decreased to 18.5 kcal/mol in the presence of either 200 mM butanol or 12
      mM hexanol. Membrane fluidity was estimated from diphenylhexatriene anisotropy
      (r). n-Alkanols decreased r from 0.25 to 0.18 in a dose-dependent manner. At 25
      degrees C, r = 0.22 at [n-alkanol] = 200 mM (butanol), 27 mM (pentanol), 9.5 mM
      (hexanol), and 2 mM (heptanol). The effects of n-alkanols on PH and r correlated
      well with known n-alkanol lipid-water partition coefficients. Similar increases
      in PH and decreases in r were observed for nonalkanol lipid anesthetics. The
      effects of n-alkanols on the Na+-H+ antiporter and on osmotically driven water
      transport were also studied. At concentrations of n-alkanol that resulted in a 10
      fold increase in PH, there was no significant effect on either Na+-H+ exchange or
      water transport. These results suggest a lipid pathway for brush border H+
      diffusion that is distinct from both the Na+-H+ antiporter and the water
      transport pathway.

PMID- 4073276
TI  - Actions of NAD+ on renal brush border transport of phosphate in vivo and in
      vitro.
AB  - Previous studies showed that an increase in NAD+ content in renal cortex in vivo
      was accompanied by specific inhibition of Na+-dependent inorganic phosphate (Pi)
      transport across the renal brush border membrane (BBM). Further, in vitro
      addition of NAD+ to isolated renal BBM vesicles specifically inhibited Na+
      gradient-dependent transport of Pi. The present study examined some aspects of
      the mechanism of this inhibition by NAD+ in vitro and in vivo. When NAD+ was
      increased in vivo by nicotinamide injection, the apparent Vmax was decreased, but
      the apparent Km was not different, indicating apparent noncompetitive inhibition.
      In the presence of 0.3 mM NAD+ added in vitro, the apparent Km for Na+-dependent
      Pi transport by BBM vesicles was increased, whereas the apparent Vmax was
      unchanged, indicating apparent competitive inhibition. These changes in apparent
      Km and apparent Vmax were identical when Pi uptake was measured either at 30-s or
      at 5-s (the initial rate) incubation times. Inhibition of Pi transport by BBM
      vesicles in vitro was due primarily to the action of intact added NAD+, although
      there may be some contribution by isotope dilution due to Pi released from NAD+
      by enzymatic hydrolysis. Although in vitro inhibition of Pi transport by added
      NAD+ was reversed by washing the BBM, the inhibition due to increased NAD+ in
      vivo persisted after extensive washing of the isolated BBM. The specificity of
      the inhibitory effect of NAD+ in vivo was indicated by the finding that changes
      in renal cortical content of ATP or Pi, evoked by loading with glycerol or
      fructose, did not change BBM transport of Pi.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4073277
TI  - Purine nucleotides stimulate DNA synthesis in kidney epithelial cells in culture.
AB  - Adenine nucleotides infused into animals with acute renal failure appear to
      enhance recovery of kidney function and structure. To determine whether these
      compounds could act by a direct effect on renal cell metabolism, their capacity
      to stimulate DNA synthesis was evaluated in cultures of monkey kidney epithelial
      cells (BSC-1 line). AMP and ADP enhanced DNA synthesis by threefold more than was
      previously observed with other mitogens for these cells. Guanosine and inosine
      and their nucleotides and adenosine and ATP were also mitogenic but to a lesser
      extent, whereas pyrimidine derivatives were ineffective. In the presence of AMP,
      autoradiography of [3H]thymidine-labeled cells indicated that a greater number of
      cells entered the S phase of the cell cycle, and assessment of cell number
      revealed increased multiplication. The mitogenic effect of adenine nucleotides
      was not reproduced by agents that raise the cellular content of cAMP and was
      serum independent. Adenine nucleotides did not alter DNA synthesis when added to
      cultures of mouse fibroblasts. These results indicate that provision of exogenous
      purine nucleosides and nucleotides stimulate DNA synthesis in renal epithelial
      cells in culture.

PMID- 4073278
TI  - Vascular capacitance responses to severe systemic hypercapnia and hypoxia in
      dogs.
AB  - The magnitude of vascular capacitance change induced by hypercapnia, hypoxia, or
      hypoxic hypercapnia was estimated during the administration of experimental gas
      mixtures to anesthetized dogs for 25 min. Mean circulatory filling pressure (Pcf)
      was determined by fibrillating the heart and equilibrating arterial and venous
      pressures with a pump. We assumed that the total blood volume remained constant
      and that the magnitude of change in peripheral venous volume equaled the sum of
      the changes in blood volume in the cardiopulmonary and arterial beds. We further
      assumed that active (reflex) peripheral venoconstriction occurred if the
      cardiopulmonary and arterial bed blood volumes, as well as the Pcf, increased.
      Within 3 min, severe hypercapnia and hypoxic hypercapnia induced a 5.2 and 7.3
      ml/kg reduction in systemic vascular capacity, and, by 19 min of experimental gas
      presentation, increased Pcf by 5.5 and 7.0 mmHg, respectively. Severe hypoxia had
      less effect (0.7 ml/ kg and 2.5 mmHg, respectively) at 19 min. Severe hypercapnia
      also increased the central venous, systemic arterial, and pulmonary arterial
      pressures and decreased heart rate. Hypoxic hypercapnia additionally increased
      cardiac output. We conclude that severe systemic hypercapnia, whether alone or in
      combination with hypoxia, causes a significant active reduction in vascular
      capacitance, but severe hypoxia is less effective.

PMID- 4073279
TI  - Effect of graded reductions in uteroplacental blood flow on the fetal lamb.
AB  - Graded reductions in uteroplacental blood flow (UBF), produced by an externally
      adjustable vascular occluder, were studied in unanesthetized pregnant sheep. This
      method was designed to simulate the physiological occurrence of reduced UBF to
      study its effects on fetal status. Sheep were divided into four groups in which
      average percent changes (+/- SE) in UBF, as measured by electromagnetic flow
      probes, were 7 +/- 2, -24 +/- 1, -49 +/- 1, and -63 +/- 2% for 1 h. Maternal and
      fetal cardiovascular (heart rate and blood pressure) and blood gas measurements
      of PO2 and PCO2, pH, and O2 content were determined before, during, and after
      recovery from UBF reduction. UBF reduction had no significant effect on maternal
      measurements. Changes in fetal PO2 and O2 content were directly related to the
      extent of vascular occlusion (P less than or equal to 0.05). Fetal pH markedly
      decreased after 1 h of 49% UBF reduction (P less than or equal to 0.05) and
      within 10 min after 63% UBF reduction (P less than or equal to 0.05). Fetal
      bradycardia (P less than or equal to 0.05) resulted from 63% reduction in UBF.
      Fetal heart rates at recovery were greater than base-line heart rate values (P
      less than or equal to 0.05) in the three groups whose UBF was restricted. The
      results of the present study suggest that the uterus of the pregnant ovine is
      perfused in sufficient excess to protect the fetus during short-term reductions
      of less than 50% UBF.

PMID- 4073280
TI  - Distribution of lung vascular resistance after chronic systemic-to-pulmonary
      shunts.
AB  - Congenital cardiac shunts produce pathological lesions on the arterial side of
      the lung vasculature. We examined the effects of chronic shunts (14.2 +/- 1.2 mo)
      in 10 young dogs, between the left subclavian and the left lower lobe (LLL)
      artery, on pulmonary vascular pressure and flow (P-Q) relationships, segmental
      resistance with arterial and venous occlusion (AVO), and sensitivity to drugs. At
      final thoracotomy, mean LLL pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) was 23.2 +/- 4.3
      mmHg compared with 11.9 +/- 0.9 in the right lung (P less than 0.05); two animals
      had LLL Ppa of 41 and 48 mmHg. The LLL artery and vein were cannulated, and
      pressure-flow (P-Q) and AVO measurements were made and compared with previous
      control LLL (n = 11) and contralateral right lower lobe (RLL, n = 5). Responses
      to serotonin, histamine, and vasodilators (diltiazem and isoproterenol) were
      evaluated. Comparisons of morphometric measurements were made between LLL and
      RLL. We found a significant increase in arterial resistance as measured with AVO
      and a hypersensitivity to serotonin in the shunt LLL, without changes in total
      pulmonary vascular resistance or P-Q measurements; vasodilators had a small
      effect only in the hypertensive lobes. Our data suggest that chronic shunts to
      the pulmonary circulation increase arterial resistance and sensitivity to
      serotonin, even in the absence of discernible morphometric changes, and that
      vasoconstriction may be an important precursor to the development of
      morphological lesions.

PMID- 4073281
TI  - Acute pressure increase and intrarenal hemodynamics in conscious WKY and SHR
      rats.
AB  - Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) develop proteinuria and glomerular lesions
      during the first year of their life. To determine whether an intrarenal
      hemodynamic abnormality might participate in the pathogenesis of these lesions,
      normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and SHR rats were subjected to acute pressure
      increase with phenylephrine infusion (2.5 and 5 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1), and
      renal blood flow (RBF), afferent and efferent arteriolar resistances, glomerular
      filtration rate (GFR), and glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure were
      measured or calculated. The results indicate that the two strains responded
      differently to the pressure rise. Thus, although the increment in renal perfusion
      pressure and afferent arteriolar resistance increased similarly in the two
      strains, efferent resistance increased only in the SHR (7.2 +/- 1.6 vs. 9.0 +/-
      2.1 units, P less than 0.02) but decreased in the WKY (5.3 +/- 0.8 vs. 4.0 +/-
      0.5 units, P less than 0.05). This was associated with a decreased RBF of SHR
      (8.31 +/- 0.71 vs. 7.22 +/- 0.57 ml X min-1 X g kidney-1, P less than 0.05) but
      stable RBF in WKY (7.36 +/- 0.55 vs. 7.79 +/- 0.51 ml X min-1 X g kidney-1); GFR
      remained unchanged in both strains. Calculated glomerular hydrostatic pressure,
      however, increased in the SHR (43.6 +/- 3.0 vs. 48.5 +/- 2.2 mmHg, P less than
      0.05) but decreased in the WKY (33.2 +/- 2.5 vs. 28.8 +/- 1.7 mmHg, P less than
      0.01). The observed higher base-line glomerular pressure in the SHR and a greater
      rise with phenylephrine infusion may participate in the pathogenesis of the SHR
      glomerular lesions and proteinuria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4073282
TI  - Coronary blood flow and myocardial segment dimensions during simulated dives in
      seals.
AB  - Three harbor seals Phoca vitulina richardsi and five spotted seals Phoca vitulina
      largha were used in studies of acute episodes of local myocardial ischemia in
      open-chest, anesthetized animals and of coronary blood flow and regional function
      as indicated by left ventricular segment dimensions during experimentally
      simulated dives of conscious, instrumented animals. We observed that seal
      myocardium, in which there are few coronary anastomoses, responded to brief local
      occlusion with prompt local dysfunction and systolic bulging; coronary flow in
      the nondiving seal oscillated irregularly and declined with spontaneous apnea and
      related falling heart rate; flow continued to oscillate but was much reduced
      during dives, frequently ceasing entirely for periods as long as 45 s;
      ventricular segment dimension shortening was reduced intermittently during dives;
      and elevated heart rate induced during dives by cardiac pacing or by
      administration of atropine diminished or eliminated the reductions in coronary
      blood flow. Responses of seal heart reflect the reduction in cardiac metabolic
      demand during diving and the seal's myocardial adaptation for enhanced anaerobic
      glycolysis. The seal heart can maintain mechanical function during dives with
      minimal coronary perfusion, despite the progressive and ultimately profound
      hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidosis. Reduced cardiac metabolism, copious
      glycolytic reserves, and metabolite washout by intermittent brief bursts of
      coronary blood flow are apparently sufficient to support continued cardiac
      function, even though the seal heart has little tolerance for acute localized
      ischemia.

PMID- 4073283
TI  - Phase resetting and annihilation in a mathematical model of sinus node.
AB  - A mathematical model of primary sinoatrial pacemaker activity was developed using
      modifications of Hodgkin-Huxley type equations of voltage- and time-dependent
      membrane currents. The computer simulation of action potential activity
      incorporates the results of several existing cardiac models and recent biological
      data in an attempt to generate a model that more closely approximates the phase
      resetting behavior of sinoatrial pacemakers observed biologically in response to
      subthreshold or electrotonic stimuli. The model was also used to study
      annihilation, i.e., the cessation of rhythmic activity induced by a critically
      timed subthreshold stimulus. Perturbation analysis performed by scanning the
      pacemaker cycle with 50-ms subthreshold current pulses yielded biphasic phase
      response relationships that closely resembled the biological data. The pacemaker
      current, although relatively unimportant in determining the degree of phase 4
      depolarization in the simulated sinus nodal pacemaker, was nevertheless prominent
      in determining phase-resetting behavior. The characteristics of annihilation were
      studied in normal, "depressed," and hyperpolarized states. In all cases,
      successful annihilation depended in large part on the dynamic interaction between
      the slow inward and delayed rectifier outward currents. The annihilation point
      was found to be an unstable singularity point in which a critical combination of
      stimulus intensity and timing could cause the pacemaker to approach but never
      achieve a state of complete quiescence. The model provides the basis for further
      investigation of complex arrhythmias that may arise as a consequence of multiple
      pacemaker interaction within the heart.

PMID- 4073284
TI  - Impaired arteriolar vasodilation induced by thrombosis of a coronary arterial
      stenosis.
AB  - This study tested the hypothesis that aggregation of platelets and release of
      thromboxane A2 at the site of a coronary arterial stenosis may contribute to
      myocardial ischemia by impairing flow regulation of the distal coronary bed.
      Measurements of hemodynamics, flow (microspheres), lactate metabolism, and
      prostaglandin (PG) metabolites (thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha) were made
      in closed-chest anesthetized pigs instrumented with a stenosis (65% diam
      reduction) in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Data were
      acquired prior to stenosis insertion (control) and 5 and 15 min after insertion,
      during which time thrombotic occlusion of the device was occurring. Heart rate
      was controlled by atrial pacing. Distal LAD zone endocardial flow (ml X min-1 X g
      1) declined versus control (1.15 +/- 0.20, mean +/- SD) at 5 min (0.89 +/- 0.40,
      P less than 0.05) and 15 min (0.41 +/- 0.36, P less than 0.01) of occlusion.
      Distal endocardial resistance (mmHg X ml-1 X min X g), however, did not change
      versus control (72 +/- 12) at 5 (66 +/- 12) or 15 min (61 +/- 38). Distal
      epicardial resistance (mmHg X ml-1 X min X g) declined versus control (90 +/- 17)
      at 5 (66 +/- 35, P less than 0.05) and 15 min (43 +/- 26, P less than 0.01)
      postinsertion. Finally, lactate extraction (%) at control (42 +/- 19) changed to
      production 15 min postinsertion (-36 +/- 93, P less than 0.05) and arterial
      anterior interventricular vein thromboxane B2 difference (pg/0.1 ml) changed from
      13.1 +/- 17.8 pre to -15.8 +/- 30.0 at 5 min post (P less than 0.05). Thus
      platelet aggregation and release at a spontaneously thrombosing stenosis
      contribute to ischemia not only by reduction of stenosis diameter but also by
      impairment of flow regulation in endocardial layers distal to it.

PMID- 4073285
TI  - Transmural distribution of intramyocardial pressure measured by micropipette
      technique.
AB  - A technique is presented for measuring intramyocardial pressure (IMP) in beating
      hearts using the servo-nulling pressure transducer equipped with polyethylene
      micropipettes (ID less than 12 micron). The static and dynamic response
      characteristics of the system were tested in a pressurized, saline-filled
      container as well as in a pressurized, hollow, gelatin cylinder. The system was
      then used to measure IMP in vivo in the hearts of 12 dogs during stable cardiac
      performance and with aortic constriction. In vitro response characteristics were
      found to be satisfactory for accurate reproduction of cardiovascular waveforms.
      Peak systolic IMP was not found to exceed the simultaneously recorded left
      intraventricular pressure (LVP). Furthermore, the slope of the regression line
      relating the IMP to LVP during systole is linearly related (slope 0.98) to the
      depth of the micropipette tip in the ventricular wall, as normalized to total
      wall thickness. Diastolic IMP ranged between 1 +/- 1 (minimum during the cardiac
      cycle) and 4 +/- 2 mmHg (end diastolic) at associated LVP of 2 +/- 2 and 5 +/- 2
      mmHg (mean +/- SD), respectively.

PMID- 4073286
TI  - Coronary response to large decreases of hemoglobin-O2 affinity in isolated rat
      heart.
AB  - In this study, the consequences of large increases of P50 (O2 partial pressure at
      50% oxyhemoglobin saturation) on coronary blood flow (CBF) were investigated in
      isolated Wistar rat heart. Rightward shifts of the O2 dissociation curve (ODC),
      obtained by lysing and resealing erythrocytes to encapsulate inositol
      hexaphosphate (IHP), led to a very large increase in P50 without side effects.
      Each heart was perfused alternatively with control stored human blood [P50 = 18.8
      +/- 0.3 (SE) mmHg] and IHP-treated human blood (P50 = 47.1 +/- 1.7 mmHg),
      according to the technique of Langendorff (mean perfusion pressure 80 mmHg;
      hematocrit 25%). Arterial PO2 of 180 mmHg was maintained to keep arterial O2
      content identical for both types of blood. When hemoglobin affinity was lowered,
      CBF decreased from 5.32 +/- 0.20 to 3.40 +/- 0.14 ml X min-1 X g-1, coronary
      sinus PO2 (PcsO2) rose from 39.9 +/- 0.9 to 69.9 +/- 4.2 mmHg, and myocardial O2
      consumption (MVO2) rose slightly from 0.125 +/- 0.005 to 0.149 +/- 0.010 ml O2 X
      min-1 X g-1 (P less than 0.05). A significant negative correlation was found
      between CBF and P50 (r = -0.90; n = 32) and a significant positive correlation
      between PcsO2 and P50 (r = +0.84; n = 28). The coronary blood flow response to
      high P50 values was not abolished when maximal dilation was induced by adenosine,
      so this response seems independent of metabolic needs. These experiments have
      demonstrated that if O2 uptake by erythrocytes remains constant, in the presence
      of a high P50, sufficient O2 supply may be achieved with substantially less blood
      flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4073287
TI  - Endogenous cholecystokinin and intestinal satiety.
AB  - The role of endogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) as a mediator of intestinal satiety
      is examined. We used rats equipped with a chronic gastric fistula and an
      indwelling duodenal catheter to assess the effects of direct duodenal stimulation
      on sham feeding. To evaluate the contribution of endogenous CCK to intestinal
      satiety we used a specific competitive antagonist of the satiety action of CCK,
      proglumide. Intraduodenal infusion of 11 or 5 ml liquid diet suppressed sham
      feeding. Administration of proglumide caused a partial reversal of the
      suppression of feeding produced by the 11-ml, but not the 5-ml, intraduodenal
      infusion. Administration of proglumide alone did not influence sham feeding but
      completely abolished the suppression of sham feeding induced by a maximal dose of
      exogenous CCK. These results indicate that CCK contributes to intestinal satiety
      under specific test conditions only. Moreover, since that component of
      suppression reversed by proglumide was small in comparison with the overall
      inhibition of eating, these results indicate that factors other than CCK are
      important in intestinal satiety.

PMID- 4073288
TI  - Impaired secretion of vasopressin and oxytocin in rats after lesions of nucleus
      medianus.
AB  - Regulation of posterior pituitary secretion of vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin
      (OT) was studied in rats given electrolytic lesions of ventral nucleus medianus
      (vNM). As described previously, rats with such lesions were chronically
      hypernatremic and showed impaired drinking responses to an osmotic challenge. AVP
      secretion in response to osmotic stimuli also was significantly blunted, although
      sufficient increases in plasma AVP levels did occur, in association with an
      abnormally high range of plasma sodium concentrations, to allow urinary
      concentration comparable to control animals. These findings suggest that vNM
      lesions cause an upward resetting of the osmotic threshold for AVP secretion. In
      contrast, hypovolemia, produced by subcutaneous polyethylene glycol treatment,
      and hypotension, produced by phentolamine treatment, both evoked AVP responses in
      rats with vNM lesions that were equivalent to those seen in control animals.
      Plasma OT responses to osmotic and hemodynamic stimuli were analogous to the AVP
      responses. These findings reproduce the major clinical features observed in
      humans with the disorder of essential hypernatremia and by doing so support
      proposals that this disorder is caused by lesions in the vicinity of the anterior
      hypothalamus that result in selective destruction of afferent osmosensitive
      inputs to the neurohypophysis.

PMID- 4073289
TI  - GDP binding to hamster brown fat mitochondria is reduced during hibernation.
AB  - Preparation for hibernation is accompanied by increased thermogenic capacity of
      brown fat (BAT), an important site of thermogenesis during arousal from
      hibernation. This study examined whether that thermogenic capacity is reduced in
      hibernation and reactivated during arousal. In one set of experiments, Syrian
      hamsters were exposed to short photoperiod (10:14 light-dark) and cold (7 degrees
      C). Those not hibernating at death (n = 10) served as controls for those that
      were (n = 9). A third group (n = 10) was killed 80-90 min after arousal was
      initiated by manual perturbation. Mitochondrial GDP binding (nmol/mg
      mitochondrial protein) was used to estimate thermogenic capacity. In a second
      experimental series, BAT citrate (si)-synthase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA
      dehydrogenase activities were measured in hibernating and nonhibernating
      hamsters. Although there were no differences in the maximum activities of these
      enzymes, GDP binding was markedly lower in the hibernators relative to the
      nonhibernators (0.214 +/- 0.031 vs. 0.535 +/- 0.039). However, in the partially
      aroused hamsters, GDP binding had doubled (0.438 +/- 0.04). Thus hibernation is
      accompanied by a substantial reduction of BAT thermogenic capacity (as manifested
      by GDP binding), which is reversed during arousal. The rapidity of this reversal
      indicates that it does not involve the synthesis of new GDP binding sites.

PMID- 4073290
TI  - Estimate of muscle-shortening rate during locomotion.
AB  - All skeletal muscle can produce roughly the same maximal cross-sectional force;
      however, the power (energy X time-1) required to develop and maintain that force
      increases with increasing contraction velocity. Thus the rate of muscle tension
      development may be of primary importance in setting the energy demand of
      contracting muscle. We have estimated the rate of muscle shortening during
      terrestrial locomotion in mammals as a function of body mass. The rate of muscle
      shortening of the knee extensors is much faster in small than large mammals,
      scaling in proportion to the -0.23 power of mass. This exponent suggests a
      constant body size-independent relation among skeletal muscle: O2 consumption,
      mitochondria content, myosin ATPase activity, and in vivo shortening velocity.

PMID- 4073291
TI  - Phase shifting two coupled circadian pacemakers: implications for jet lag.
AB  - Flights across time zones produce an abrupt displacement of the environmental
      time cues (zeitgebers), and the endogenous circadian timing system resynchronizes
      only gradually to the new schedule. A coupled two-oscillator model can simulate
      the human circadian system in temporal isolation and in artificial zeitgeber
      cycles. The model is here shown to explain the major features of
      resynchronization of circadian rhythms after time zone shifts, i.e., the rate of
      adjustment depends on the rhythm being measured, the number of time zones
      crossed, the flight direction (eastward or westward), and the strength of the
      zeitgebers in the new time zone. Investigations of the contribution of different
      model parameters to system performances suggest that intersubject differences in
      pacemaker periods may be a major factor in the observed variability in the
      effects of time zone shifts on circadian rhythms. With individualized period
      estimate the models can simulate case studies in which four subjects recorded
      their sleep-wake and core body temperature rhythms throughout simple and complex
      patterns of transmeridian flights.

PMID- 4073292
TI  - Ultra- and circadian fluctuations in arterial pressure and electromyogram in
      conscious dogs.
AB  - Mean arterial blood pressure was measured for 2 days in conscious dogs to
      estimate the frequency of ultradian fluctuations and to compare the magnitudes of
      the ultra- and circadian fluctuations. The ultradian fluctuation had an average
      frequency of 0.38 +/- 0.04 cycle/h and 60% more power than the circadian rhythm.
      The ultradian fluctuation was consistently more powerful during daylight than
      nighttime hours, but there was no consistent change in the frequency with time of
      day. Electromyogram (EMG) activity was also measured to test a possible causal
      relationship between the two variables. There were both circ- and ultradian
      fluctuations in EMG activity, and the peak cross-spectral power was also in these
      frequency bands. The coherence function was also high, but the phase angle
      between the two variables was so variable, both in sign and in magnitude, that it
      was judged unlikely that there was tight coupling between them.

PMID- 4073293
TI  - Hemorrhage in DOC-salt hypertensive rats: plasma and platelet vasopressin.
AB  - The effect of two consecutive hemorrhages, each 10% of blood volume, on plasma
      vasopressin concentrations was determined in conscious unilaterally
      nephrectomized Long-Evans rats made hypertensive by treatment for 3 wk with
      deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and substitution of 1% saline for drinking water (DOC
      salt rats) or DOC alone (DOC rats) and in normotensive unilaterally
      nephrectomized rats drinking water (H2O rats) or saline (NaCl rats). In response
      to 20% hemorrhage, blood pressure decreased more (P less than 0.01) and plasma
      vasopressin increased less (P less than 0.01) in the DOC-salt rats than in the
      other groups. Under basal conditions, immunoreactive vasopressin was found in the
      platelets in NaCl, DOC, and DOC-salt rats (P less than 0.01) but not in H2O rats.
      Platelet vasopressin increased (P less than 0.05-0.01) in response to hemorrhage
      only in DOC-salt rats. In conclusion, the vasopressin response to hemorrhage in
      DOC-salt rats is impaired; platelet immunoreactive vasopressin is of little
      importance in normal rats but is increased by treatment with DOC and/or chronic
      salt loading; and platelet vasopressin increased in response to hemorrhage only
      in DOC-salt rats.

PMID- 4073294
TI  - Parathyroid transplants and unilateral renal delivery of parathyroid hormone in
      domestic fowl.
AB  - Exogenous parathyroid hormone (bovine 1-84 PTH) was infused unilaterally into the
      renal portal system or unilaterally into the renal arterial system of domestic
      fowl. Endogenous PTH was secreted unilaterally into the renal portal system by
      parathyroid tissue transplanted to the leg muscle. None of the experimental
      protocols caused significant unilateral phosphaturia, although unilaterally
      infused kidneys were shown to have received significantly more PTH than the
      contralateral kidneys. The transplanted parathyroid tissue was a major source of
      endogenous PTH, as was indicated by the development of significant hypocalcemia
      following surgical removal of the transplant. Unilateral PTH infusion did cause a
      significant unilateral increase in sodium excretion and significant bilateral
      phosphaturia. These results demonstrate that the phosphaturic and natriuretic
      responses to PTH can be dissociated in clearance experiments.

PMID- 4073295
TI  - Properties of pig mature erythrocyte hexokinase.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of two type III hexokinase
      isozymes in pig mature erythrocytes. The prevalence of a specific isozyme species
      is an age-dependent phenomenon. The mature erythrocyte of young adult pigs (less
      than 6 mo old) possess an isozyme that has an apparent Km for glucose that is
      lower than in adult pigs. The data in this report suggest several basic
      differences between the two isozymes. D-Mannoheptulose, a structural analogue of
      glucose, was observed to differentially inhibit the isozymes. The young adult
      isozyme tended to be heat sensitive when compared with adult isozymes.
      Carboxypeptidase B and trypsin inhibited the activity of both isozymes, but the
      young adult isozyme was most dramatically affected by carboxypeptidase B. When
      the two isozymes were incubated in the presence of two sulfhydryl group
      inhibitors, HgCl2 and 5,5'-dithiobis [2-nitrobenzoic acid] (DTNB), the young
      adult isozyme exhibited the greater inhibition in the presence of DTNB. The data
      suggest that the young adult isozyme exhibited pronounced differences in activity
      when incubated in the presence of DTNB and carboxypeptidase B. These two agents
      may be used as probes to further characterize the properties of the two isozymes.

PMID- 4073296
TI  - Renal nerves and initial excretory responses to recumbency: a species comparison.
AB  - Experiments were performed in anesthetized Macaca fascicularis monkeys and
      mongrel dogs to determine if there are species differences concerning the
      involvement of the renal nerves in mediating the initial renal effects occurring
      with the assumption of recumbency. All animals underwent acute unilateral renal
      denervation with the contralateral kidney serving as the innervated control.
      Renal perfusion pressure was controlled throughout each experiment. Control
      measurements were made with all animals tilted head up 45 degrees, and recumbent
      measurements were made 5-15 min after the animals were lowered to 0 degree. In
      the monkeys, similar increases in urine flow, absolute and fractional sodium
      excretion, and creatinine and p-aminohippurate clearances occurred in both the
      innervated and denervated kidneys during recumbency. In contrast, in the dogs,
      renal denervation abolished these responses in that increases in these parameters
      occurred in the innervated kidneys only. These results demonstrate that the
      initial diuresis and natriuresis of recumbency are dependent on the presence of
      the renal nerves in the dog but not in the monkey.

PMID- 4073297
TI  - Interaction of light and corticosterone on food intake and brown adipose tissue
      of the rat.
AB  - The food intake of sham-operated and adrenalectomized rats was measured in 12-h
      intervals with animals housed in either alternating periods of 12:12 light-dark
      or in continuous light. The food intake with alternating light and dark was
      unaffected by adrenalectomy. The maintenance of a constant infusion of
      corticosterone in adrenalectomized rats also did not disturb the pattern of food
      intake. In continuous light, food intake was not significantly different in each
      12-h period of the daily cycle. Neither adrenalectomy nor the injection of
      corticosterone, 240 micrograms/day, altered the average 12-h food intake in rats
      in constant light. The weight of interscapular brown adipose was smaller in
      adrenalectomized animals, but the protein content was unaffected. Adrenalectomy
      significantly increased the specific binding of the purine nucleotide GDP to
      mitochondria from brown adipose tissue. This specific binding was restored to
      normal by either corticosterone infusion or injection. We conclude that light is
      the principal entrainer for the average food intake during 12-h periods and that
      within the framework of these experiments corticosterone plays an insignificant
      role in controlling food intake. However, adrenalectomy did significantly
      increase the purine nucleotide binding to mitochondria from brown adipose tissue.

PMID- 4073298
TI  - Inhibition of thermal panting by intracarotid infusion of hypertonic saline in
      dogs.
AB  - Six dogs were surgically prepared with a right carotid loop and with the left
      common carotid artery ligated low in the neck. Respiratory frequency (f) and body
      temperature (Tb) were measured while the animals were at rest in a warm chamber
      (36-40 degrees C) in four separate experiments: 1) right intracarotid infusion of
      hypertonic NaCl; 2) right intracarotid infusion of isotonic NaCl; 3) intravenous
      infusion of hypertonic NaCl; and 4) no infusions. In a fifth experiment, right
      and left jugular and cephalic venous blood samples were collected before, during,
      and after the hypertonic intracarotid infusions. A 10-min infusion of hypertonic
      NaCl into the right common carotid artery elevated right jugular plasma
      osmolality by 33 mosmol/kg H2O, left jugular plasma osmolality by 26 mosmol/kg
      H2O, and cephalic plasma osmolality by 8 mosmol/kg H2O. A significant reversible
      drop in f and a rise in Tb occurred during hypertonic intracarotid infusions.
      Neither intracarotid infusion of isotonic NaCl nor intravenous infusion of
      hypertonic NaCl affected f or Tb. In experiments with no infusion, f and Tb did
      not change. It is concluded that brain receptors sensitive to extracellular
      solute concentration are able to influence the rate of thermoregulatory panting.
      This may underlie, in part, the reduced evaporation and elevated body
      temperatures that occur in dehydrated mammals exposed to heat.

PMID- 4073299
TI  - Gluconeogenesis in vivo.

PMID- 4073300
TI  - Will neurobiology influence psychoanalysis?
AB  - Neurobiologic research has begun to elucidate brain mechanisms of affective
      states and behavioral patterns. Discussions of anxiety and sexual identity
      demonstrate how these researches lead the psychoanalyst to broader views of
      behaviors that were previously considered entirely psychological in origin. While
      introspection and extrospection are distinct realms of investigation and
      conceptualization, they share common boundaries and areas of interpenetration.
      Psychoanalytic theory is challenged to accord with newer findings in biology and
      to provide important questions for further research. Neurobiologic advances will
      continue a centuries-old process of confining the realm of psyche, but there is
      no danger that mind will disappear.

PMID- 4073301
TI  - Clinical implications of DSM-III diagnoses of alcohol abuse and alcohol
      dependence.
AB  - The authors explored the clinical significance of the DSM-III distinction between
      alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence by studying 403 male primary alcoholics
      consecutively admitted to an inpatient alcohol treatment program. On intake, 186
      men met criteria for alcohol abuse and 217 met criteria for alcohol dependence.
      The two groups were virtually identical except that subjects with alcohol
      dependence took more drinks per drinking day and had more alcohol-related medical
      problems and past hospitalizations. During a 1-year follow-up, men with alcohol
      dependence were more likely to have visited a public detoxification facility. The
      results do not support prognostic implications for the differentiation between
      alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence in alcoholic inpatients.

PMID- 4073302
TI  - Characteristics of assaultive patients who do and do not provide visible cues of
      potential violence.
AB  - Twelve assaultive psychiatric patients who had provided visible cues (i.e.,
      verbal threats) of potential violence were compared on Brief Psychiatric Rating
      Scale factor scores with 13 patients who had not provided such cues. These groups
      differed from one another and from a group of 253 nonassaultive patients on one
      or more of the following dimensions: thinking disorder, withdrawal-retardation,
      anxious depression, hostile-suspiciousness, and activation. In addition, the
      factor scores significantly predicted the occurrence of violence among patients
      who did not exhibit visible cues.

PMID- 4073303
TI  - Liability of the mentally ill and their insurers in negligence and other civil
      actions.
AB  - Although familiar with the insanity defense, psychiatrists know little about the
      liability of mentally ill persons in civil actions or the secondary liability of
      their insurers. Generally the mentally ill are responsible civilly for their
      actions regardless of mental state except where the law requires specific intent
      and the illness negates such intent. Psychiatrists and other mental health
      workers may thus have grounds for suit against patients who injure them. While
      insurance coverage may exclude intentional acts, insurers may be civilly liable,
      even for blatant criminal acts. The author reviews the relevant laws and presents
      illustrative case examples.

PMID- 4073304
TI  - Limit setting on drug abuse in methadone maintenance patients.
AB  - In this prospective study the authors examined the effects of setting limits on
      continued drug abuse in patients receiving methadone maintenance. Subjects were
      randomly assigned either to structured treatment (drug use exceeding set limits
      resulted in methadone withdrawal) or to unstructured treatment (no consequences
      attended continued drug use). The structured treatment resulted in significantly
      less drug use and greater retention in the program. The authors conclude that
      these results confirm the importance of external structure in the treatment of
      addiction-related psychopathology.

PMID- 4073305
TI  - Mood disorders in left-handed stroke patients.
AB  - Thirty left-handed patients hospitalized for stroke were examined for mood
      disorders. Patients with left hemisphere lesions and nondominant hand impairments
      had significantly higher depression scores and more depressive diagnoses than
      patients with right hemisphere lesions and dominant hand impairments. Major
      depression was strongly associated with left anterior brain injury, and
      depression severity was significantly correlated with proximity of the lesion on
      CAT scan to the left frontal pole. These findings are almost identical to
      previously reported results from right-handed patients and suggest that cerebral
      lateralization of poststroke mood disorders may be independent of cerebral motor
      dominance and language dominance.

PMID- 4073306
TI  - High prevalence of intermittent acute porphyria in a psychiatric patient
      population.
AB  - The authors screened 3,867 psychiatric inpatients for intermittent acute
      porphyria by use of a spot test to detect diminished activity of the erythrocyte
      enzyme porphobilinogen (PBG) deaminase. Eighteen individuals so identified also
      had persistently diminished quantitative activity of PBG deaminase. Eight of
      these appeared to have intermittent acute porphyria by the added criteria of
      increased urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid or PBG or a family history of
      intermittent acute porphyria. The overall prevalence of intermittent acute
      porphyria was 0.21%, a considerably higher rate than that in the general
      population. Most of the subjects with the disorder had periods of agitated
      psychosis and apathetic or depressed withdrawal, with signs of neuropsychological
      impairment. Neurologic abnormalities were not prevalent.

PMID- 4073307
TI  - The validity of DSM-III axis IV (severity of psychosocial stressors).
AB  - One hundred thirty depressed inpatients were rated on DSM-III axis IV on the
      basis of information collected from a comprehensive life events interview. Axis
      IV scores were more highly correlated with undesirable than desirable events,
      with exits than entrances, and with time-limited than chronic events. Higher axis
      IV scores were associated with a lower rate of abnormal dexamethasone suppression
      test results, a higher morbid risk for alcoholism, a greater frequency of
      personality disorders, and a greater likelihood of attempted suicide during the
      index episode.

PMID- 4073308
TI  - Self-derogation and adjustment in the community: a longitudinal study of
      psychiatric patients.
AB  - The authors assessed the symptoms and role performance of a group of psychiatric
      inpatients 1 year after their discharge to determine their level of adjustment in
      the community. Level of self-derogation at the time of discharge was consistently
      found to predict the level of adjustment. The occurrence of stressful life events
      was also predictive of symptoms but was not found to be significantly related to
      role performance. The chronicity of the disease was unrelated to adjustment. The
      change in self-derogation level and its ability to predict community adjustment
      is interpreted in terms of reestablishing the patient's belief in his or her own
      worth and efficacy.

PMID- 4073309
TI  - Sex and race of patients admitted for their first psychiatric hospitalization:
      correlates and prognostic power.
AB  - Much attention has been focused on the advantages enjoyed by white males in the
      general society. Are they similarly advantaged in a psychiatric population? Two
      hundred seventeen patients from two demographically heterogeneous catchment areas
      admitted to inpatient care during a 1-year period were interviewed using
      standardized procedures; 80% of the original sample was available for follow-up 2
      years later. Race and sex showed no consistent pattern of relationships with
      psychiatric symptoms, disability, and outcome; being both white and male was not
      advantageous in terms of any of the characteristics examined.

PMID- 4073310
TI  - Age of recognition of pervasive developmental disorder.
AB  - In DSM-III, pervasive developmental disorder is divided into two major
      categories: infantile autism and childhood onset pervasive developmental
      disorder. The criteria differ, primarily, in the age of onset. The authors
      studied 129 patients who had received diagnoses of pervasive developmental
      disorder or a related disorder and found only five cases of apparent childhood
      onset pervasive developmental disorder. These five patients were behaviorally
      indistinguishable from those with other diagnoses. Practically, age of onset may
      be more appropriately termed "age of recognition," and its use as a major
      diagnostic criterion for such disorders may not be justified.

PMID- 4073311
TI  - Hearing and premorbid personality in paranoid states.
AB  - The author studied the hearing and premorbid personality of 79 patients whose
      illnesses began before they were 60 years old. Hearing was assessed by pure-tone
      audiometry and premorbid personality by interviewing relatives. Thirty-two
      patients had paranoid states, 32 matched patients had recurrent unipolar
      depression, and 15 patients had schizophrenia. Three paranoid patients and two
      depressed patients met DSM-III criteria for premorbid paranoid personality. There
      was no consistent difference in hearing loss between paranoid and depressed
      patients or between paranoid patients and a population control group. The author
      concludes that premorbid paranoid personality and hearing loss are not associated
      with paranoid states in middle age.

PMID- 4073312
TI  - The relationship of paranoid states to schizophrenia.
AB  - The author interviewed relatives of 32 paranoid patients, 32 matched depressed
      patients, and 15 schizophrenic patients regarding family history. Two (1.3%) of
      the relatives of paranoid patients and one (0.6%) of the relatives of depressed
      patients had possible paranoid states. Significantly more relatives of
      schizophrenic patients than relatives of paranoid or depressed patients had
      schizophrenia, but the rates were similar among relatives of paranoid and
      depressed patients. The author concludes that there is little evidence of
      familial occurrence of paranoid states and no evidence that paranoid states are
      familially related to schizophrenia.

PMID- 4073313
TI  - French medical students' opinion of psychiatry.
AB  - A questionnaire on attitudes toward psychiatry was submitted to French medical
      students in their first year of specialized training in psychiatry or in another
      medical specialty. The findings do not differ from those of previous United
      States investigations. In France, although psychiatry is a full medical
      specialty, psychiatrists are perceived as different from other physicians. Both
      groups of students believed that psychiatric treatment is efficacious but
      remained unsure of its scientific value.

PMID- 4073314
TI  - Detoxification recidivism among urban American Indian alcoholics.
AB  - Fifty urban American Indians were interviewed during admission to a free-standing
      medical detoxification unit. From the year before the interview through 2 years
      of follow-up, this sample averaged 44.6 detoxification admissions and 64.1 days
      in other inpatient treatment and had no significant change in the number of
      annual detoxification admissions. At follow-up all but three subjects reported
      recent alcohol dependence symptoms or episodic alcohol abuse. these patients
      continued to experience serious alcohol-related problems despite repeated
      treatment in both medical detoxification and inpatient rehabilitation settings.
      These findings emphasize the need for more innovative and effective alternatives
      to the existing revolving door process.

PMID- 4073315
TI  - DSM-III implications of the diagnoses of catatonia and bipolar disorder.
AB  - Although catatonia has traditionally been thought of as a type of schizophrenia,
      the author presents studies indicating that catatonia may be at least as common
      in bipolar disorder as it is in schizophrenia. He points out that changing
      definitions of schizophrenia and affective disorder require a reassessment of
      catatonia and its incorporation in modern diagnostic systems. The discussion
      represents material presented at the Affective Disorders Advisory Committee of
      the American Psychiatric Association Work Group to Revise DSM-III.

PMID- 4073316
TI  - A brief test for measuring malingering in schizophrenic individuals.
AB  - The M Test, a brief test for measuring malingering of schizophrenic illness,
      contains true-false items describing actual symptoms of schizophrenia, bizarre
      attitudes and beliefs, and fake symptoms. Normal subjects rarely endorsed any of
      the items. The responses of genuinely ill schizophrenic inpatients were compared
      with those of normal subjects who had been asked to fake malingering after being
      educated about the symptoms of schizophrenia and forewarned about the purpose of
      the test. The test significantly discriminated between genuinely ill patients and
      malingerers. The test correctly identified 87.3% of the schizophrenic subjects
      and 78.2% of the malingering normal subjects.

PMID- 4073317
TI  - Stability and distinctness of borderline personality disorder.
AB  - In a 3-year follow-up study the authors examined the diagnostic stability of
      borderline personality disorder over time, its relation to affective disorder,
      and the severity of functional impairment. The data support the usefulness of
      borderline personality disorder as a diagnostic construct.

PMID- 4073318
TI  - Two cases of hypomania following the addition of L-tryptophan to a monoamine
      oxidase inhibitor.
AB  - The combination of L-tryptophan and a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) has been
      reported to be an effective antidepressant regimen. Neurotoxicity has previously
      been associated with this combination. The author presents two cases of hypomania
      following the addition of L-tryptophan to an MAOI.

PMID- 4073319
TI  - Prevalence of traumatic early life events in 31 agoraphobic patients with panic
      attacks.
AB  - The rate of traumatic early life events in 31 agoraphobic subjects with panic
      attacks was significantly higher than that in matched control subjects.
      Experience of maternal separation, parental divorce, and events occurring after
      the age of 4 years was significantly more common.

PMID- 4073320
TI  - Depressive disorders in relatives of anorexia nervosa patients with and without a
      current episode of nonbipolar major depression.
AB  - The first-degree relatives of anorexia nervosa patients with current nonbipolar
      major depression had a higher rate of depression than the relatives of anorexic
      patients without current depression, whose rate was similar to that for relatives
      of normal control subjects.

PMID- 4073321
TI  - Family histories of depressed and severely anxious children.
AB  - Of 127 relatives of 12 anxious and 11 depressed children, 72% received Family
      History RDC diagnoses, most commonly depression and alcoholism. The family
      histories of the two groups were similar, suggesting that childhood depressive
      and anxiety disorders may be familially related.

PMID- 4073322
TI  - Clonazepam treatment of a mentally retarded woman.

PMID- 4073323
TI  - Case report of intranasal use of meperidine.

PMID- 4073324
TI  - Impaired sexual intercourse as a complication of tardive dyskinesia.

PMID- 4073325
TI  - AIDS and homosexual panic.

PMID- 4073326
TI  - Seizure following withdrawal from triazolam.

PMID- 4073327
TI  - A case of mania associated with tomoxetine.

PMID- 4073328
TI  - Alcohol withdrawal including leucocytosis.

PMID- 4073329
TI  - Delusional hypochondriasis, depression, and amoxapine.

PMID- 4073331
TI  - On jumping "fences".

PMID- 4073330
TI  - Tolerance to antidepressants.

PMID- 4073332
TI  - Is autism the expression of a recessive gene?

PMID- 4073333
TI  - The effect of Rogers on forensic, emergency psychiatry.

PMID- 4073334
TI  - The making of a modern psychiatrist: cracks in the foundation.

PMID- 4073335
TI  - Stability of the diagnostic interview for borderlines diagnosis.

PMID- 4073336
TI  - Perspectives on posttraumatic stress disorder.

PMID- 4073337
TI  - How prevalent is multiple personality?

PMID- 4073338
TI  - Antigen-induced inhibition of autoimmune response to rat male accessory glands.
AB  - Pretreatment of rats with low doses of purified fraction of rat male accessory
      glands (containing the autoantigen) markedly reduced the immune response to
      autoantigen when animals were subsequently challenged with modified rat male
      accessory glands in complete Freund's adjuvant. The rats pretreated with low
      doses of antigen prior to immunization showed marked suppression of delayed-type
      hypersensitivity reaction (P less than 0.001) when compared to control animals
      (pretreated with rat lung saline extract or 0.15 M NaCl). There was also
      enhancement of migration of macrophages in test male rats, whereas the migration
      was inhibited in control male rats (P less than 0.01). The stimulation of
      migration found in the male rats in which the response was inhibited would
      suggest the presence of a migration stimulation factor, which is considered a
      marker of suppressor cell activity. Humoral immunity was also reduced.
      Pretreatment of rats with low doses of the antigen markedly reduced the immune
      response, probably because of the induction of suppressor cells.

PMID- 4073339
TI  - Pregnancy-associated nonspecific immunosuppression: kinetics of the generation
      and identification of the active factors.
AB  - The effect of gestational age and maternal parity on the development of
      nonspecific immunosuppressive activity in the sera of pregnant women, which
      inhibited the in vitro transformation of unrelated lymphocytes by
      phytohemagglutinin, was examined. Quantitative demonstration of this activity was
      dependent, in part, on the source of the lymphocytes and on the serum
      concentration in culture. The immunosuppressive activity became evident as the
      pregnancy progressed, and in late-pregnancy sera it was mediated by two factors,
      immunosuppressive factors (ISF) I and II with apparent Mr of 2 X 10(6) and
      150,000 daltons. By analysis and comparison of different types of sera
      fractionated by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300, it was evident that ISF-I and
      ISF-II were also present in male and nulliparous nonpregnant female sera, but in
      inactive forms. Hence the immunosuppressive factors did not appear to be
      "produced" in pregnancy, but the observed activity was a reflection of the
      "activation" of preexisting molecules in the serum. An accompanying report (Am J
      Reprod Immunol Microbiol. 1985; 9:84-90) describes the regulation of the
      activation event.

PMID- 4073340
TI  - Pregnancy-associated nonspecific immunosuppression: mechanism for the activation
      of the immunosuppressive factors.
AB  - The nonspecific immunosuppressive effect observed in pregnancy sera and mediated
      by two factors, immunosuppressive factors (ISF) I and II, was regulated by a
      third molecule termed the pregnancy-depleted immunoregulatory factor (pdIRF).
      Natural depletion of serum pdIRF levels during pregnancy resulted in the
      activation of the ISF-I and ISF-II molecules, which prior to conception existed
      in the serum in inactive forms. The inactive ISF-I and ISF-II molecules in male
      sera and in nulliparous nonpregnant female sera can be activated following the
      artificial selective depletion of pdIRF by absorption onto Sephacryl S-300. It is
      proposed that inactive complexes consisting of the ISF-I and ISF-II molecules and
      pdIRF and possibly involving Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions are a feature of normal sera. The
      pdIRF molecule has an apparent Mr of 100,000-125,000 daltons and consists of a
      single major polypeptide of 63,000 daltons. Equal concentrations of pdIRF are
      present in male and female normal sera.

PMID- 4073341
TI  - The elusive immunosuppressive factors of pregnancy.

PMID- 4073342
TI  - Presidential address of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine. A
      commitment to education.

PMID- 4073343
TI  - A biomechanical study of human lateral ankle ligaments and autogenous
      reconstructive grafts.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical behavior of human
      anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments, as well as peroneus brevis,
      split peroneus brevis, and toe extensor tendon grafts. This article represents
      the first published data comparing the most frequently injured ankle ligaments to
      the most commonly used autogenous reconstructive grafts. Twenty fresh human
      ankles provided the bone-ligament-bone and tendon graft specimens for
      biomechanical testing on a Minneapolis Testing System. Protocol consisted of
      cyclic loading at physiologic deflections, followed by several load-deflection
      tests at varying velocities, followed by a final extremely rapid load to failure
      test. The load-deflection data for all ligaments and tendons demonstrated
      nonlinearity and strain rate dependence. The maximum load to failure for the
      anterior talofibular ligament was the lowest of all specimens tested, while its
      strain to failure was the highest. The loads to failure of the peroneus brevis
      and split peroneus tendons were significantly greater than the anterior
      talofibular ligament and approximately equal to the calcaneofibular ligament.
      Strains to failure for all tendons were significantly less than ligament strains.
      The high strain to failure of the anterior talofibular ligament demonstrates its
      physiologic function of allowing increased ankle plantar flexion-internal
      rotation, while its low load to failure shows its propensity for injury. The
      greater strength of the tendon grafts explains the success of most reconstructive
      procedures in reestablishing stability in chronic ankle sprains; at the same
      time, the data presented suggest that those surgical procedures sacrificing the
      entire peroneus brevis tendon are unnecessary.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4073344
TI  - Medial synovial shelf plica syndrome. Treatment by intraplical steroid injection.
AB  - Medial synovial shelf plica syndrome is caused by acquired thickening and
      inflammation of a commonly present residual embryonic synovial fold. Treatment
      with a local injection into the plica and surrounding synovium of a steroid and a
      long-acting local anesthetic was tested in a series of 30 patients to see if more
      involved and expensive treatment could be avoided. Thirty-one knees were studied
      and treated prospectively; rigid criteria for making the diagnosis were
      maintained. Twenty-two (73%) patients had complete relief of pain and full return
      to activity; five patients had some amelioration of their symptoms and partial
      return to activity; and three patients had poor results. Two of the poor results
      were secondary to errors in diagnosis, and one was secondary to the presence of
      mature fibrosis confirmed during subsequent arthroscopic resection. As a control,
      ten patients were injected with long-acting local anesthetic alone. In all ten,
      symptoms were relieved only for the duration of the anesthetic. Intraplical
      steroid injection appears to be a reasonable, prudent, initial step in the
      treatment of medial synovial shelf plica syndrome. For competitive athletes, it
      provides very short morbidity and the ability to return to full practice and
      participation in a very short period of time.

PMID- 4073345
TI  - Predictive leg strength values in immediately prepubescent and postpubescent
      athletes.
AB  - Sixty healthy, athletic children were treated on a Cybex II Dynamometer to obtain
      values for the relative strengths of the major muscle groups of the lower
      extremity. Prepubescent and postpubescent boys and girls were tested. Of the
      anthropometric parameters measured, lean body weight correlated best with maximal
      torque force development. In prepubescent children, the mean maximal quadriceps
      torque force, measured in foot-pounds at 60 deg/sec, is equal to 70% of the lean
      body weight. In postpubescent subjects, the mean peak quadriceps torque equalled
      80% of the lean body weight in girls and 90% of the lean body weight in boys.
      Correlations can be established between the maximal torque force generated by the
      quadriceps and the strength of the hamstrings, ankle dorsiflexors, and plantar
      flexors. The values obtained are useful in planning training and rehabilitation
      programs and in determining when an injured young athlete can safely return to
      his or her sport.

PMID- 4073346
TI  - The functional relationship of the posterior oblique ligament to the medial
      collateral ligament of the human knee.
AB  - Strain in the human knee medial collateral ligament (MCL) was measured in
      cadavers with a Hall effect strain transducer during normal passive knee flexion,
      as well as knee flexion accompanied by applied external tibial rotation and
      valgus torques. In an attempt to determine the contribution of the posterior
      oblique ligament (POL) to the strain behavior of the MCL, the POL was
      systematically separated from the MCL and changes in strain in the MCL were
      observed. These changes in strain were mild and variable, except in the one knee
      which was later found to be lacking an anterior cruciate ligament. In that
      particular knee, strain in the MCL increased up to 9.97% under the influence of a
      valgus torque once the POL fibers had been separated from the MCL. Anatomical
      dissection and transillumination techniques of the MCL/POL complex demonstrated
      definite ligament fibers connecting the MCL to the POL. The results demonstrate
      an intimate anatomical relationship between the POL and MCL. However, the POL and
      MCL appear to work independently from each other according to our test method.

PMID- 4073347
TI  - The long-term followup of soldiers with stress fractures.
AB  - A group of 295 Israeli infantry recruits was evaluated in a prospective study of
      stress fractures which began in basic training. On the basis of scintigraphy, 91
      of the recruits (31%) were found to have sustained stress fractures during basic
      training. Sixty-six of the 91 recruits with stress fractures (72%) were followed
      for a minimum of 1 year after basic training to determine the natural history of
      a soldier who sustains a stress fracture and resumes training after a period of
      rest. Five clinical patterns were observed: (1) uneventful recovery (47%); (2)
      protracted recovery (13.6%); (3) symptoms consistent with recurrent stress
      fractures in new sites (19.6%); (4) intermittent nonstress fracture bone pain
      (16.7%); and (5) chronic stress fractures (3%). The incidence of recurrent stress
      fractures was 10.6%. A control group of 60 recruits who sustained no stress
      fractures in basic training had a 1.7% incidence of stress fractures after basic
      training. Recruits who sustained stress fractures in basic training continued to
      be a higher risk for stress fractures during subsequent training.

PMID- 4073348
TI  - Instrumented measurement of anterior knee laxity in patients with acute anterior
      cruciate ligament disruption.
AB  - Instrumented anterior/posterior laxity measurements were performed on 138
      patients evaluated within 2 weeks of injury with their first traumatic knee
      hemarthrosis. All patients were tested with the MEDmetric Arthrometer model KT
      1000 in a knee injury clinic. Seventy-five of the patients had knee arthroscopy.
      Thirty-three had arthrometer laxity tests under anesthesia. Eighty-seven percent
      of patients arthroscoped had anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears and 41% had
      meniscus tears. One hundred twenty normal subjects were tested to establish
      normal anterior laxity values. Three tests were used to evaluate anterior laxity:
      anterior displacement between a 15 and 20 pound force (compliance index),
      anterior displacement with a 20 pound force, and anterior displacement with a
      high manually applied force. Displacement measurements in normal subjects
      revealed a wide range of normal laxity with a small right knee-left knee
      difference. For example, the 20 pound anterior displacement range was 3 to 13.5
      mm with a right knee-left knee difference (mean +/- SD, 0.8 +/- 0.7 mm). Eighty
      eight percent of the normals had a right-left difference of less than 2 mm. In
      the 53 patients arthroscoped who had complete ACL tears, the anterior laxity
      measurements performed in the clinic were suggestive or diagnostic of pathologic
      anterior laxity in 50 patients.

PMID- 4073349
TI  - Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with freeze dried fascia lata
      allografts in dogs. A preliminary report.
AB  - In 16 adult dogs the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) was transected and then
      reconstructed using freeze dried fascia lata allografts. Eight of the dogs had
      the intraarticular graft passed through drill holes in the tibia and femur, while
      in the other eight dogs the graft was passed through a drill hole in the tibia
      and routed "over-the-top" of the lateral femoral condyle. In all dogs the grafts
      were then passed deep to the lateral collateral ligament and secondarily secured
      to the tibia as an extraarticular reconstruction. Specimens from each group
      underwent histologic study and biomechanical testing on a mechanical testing
      system at 3, 6, 12, and 24 week intervals. All grafts were found to be intact at
      sacrifice with no overt evidence of biologic incompatibility. The knees displayed
      only mild instability to clinical testing without evidence of arthrosis.
      Histologically, the grafts appeared to function as a collagenous scaffolding for
      revascularization and fibrovascular creeping substitution. The mean maximum load
      at failure in the 24 week specimens reached 536.44 N, compared to values of
      801.85 N in contralateral knees with an intact ACL.

PMID- 4073350
TI  - Nutrition of the anterior cruciate ligament. Effects of continuous passive
      motion.
AB  - Twelve freshly killed mature male rabbits were used to study the effects of
      continuous passive motion (CPM) on regional and overall nonvascular nutritional
      pathways of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). One hundred fifty microcuries
      of 35sulphate was injected intraarticularly into each knee joint. The right knee
      underwent CPM for 1 hour, while the left knee remained immobilized. Both knee
      joints were then isolated and immediately frozen. The ACLs were removed while
      still mostly frozen, and sectioned into anterior, middle, and posterior thirds
      for the six rabbits in Group 1, and proximal, middle, and distal thirds for the
      six rabbits in Group 2. In addition, quadriceps tendon samples were harvested
      from each limb of three rabbits. After appropriate processing, all samples were
      counted in a scintillation counter, and counts per minute per milligram of tissue
      were calculated. There was significantly higher uptake in rest extremity ACLs
      compared to CPM extremity ACLs (P = 0.0001). No significant difference was
      demonstrated in regional uptake comparing respective thirds of the ACL in either
      Group 1 or Group 2. Quadriceps tendon uptake trended higher in the limbs exposed
      to CPM compared to those maintained at rest (P = 0.14). The ACL uses diffusion as
      a primary nutrient pathway. CPM does not increase nutrient uptake by the ACL in
      this avascular model, but CPM may facilitate transport of metabolites out of the
      joint. No regional differences in uptake within the ACL occurred in either group.

PMID- 4073351
TI  - Open reduction of a malunited tibial spine fracture in a 12-year-old male. A case
      report.

PMID- 4073352
TI  - Avulsion of the popliteus tendon. A rare cause of chondral fracture and
      hemarthrosis.
AB  - A case of isolated avulsion of the popliteus tendon in a 20-year-old male athlete
      is reported. The avulsion was caused by forward gliding of the femur on the fixed
      tibia which produced a chondral fracture and hemarthrosis.

PMID- 4073353
TI  - Skiers' thumb injuries associated with flared ski pole handles.
AB  - Three skiers presented for treatment of significant thumb injuries sustained
      while skiing. Each patients was using a strapless ski pole handle with a flared
      thumb support. These skiers felt their interphalangeal (IP) joint flexion was
      blocked by the flare of their ski pole handle, causing their protruding thumb tip
      to be the point of initial impact, thus leading to their injury. Prior to use of
      any ski pole handle, full flexion of the gloved thumb IP joint should be
      verified.

PMID- 4073354
TI  - Apoplectic leiomyomas of the uterus. A clinicopathologic study of five
      distinctive hemorrhagic leiomyomas associated with oral contraceptive usage.
AB  - Five histologically distinctive uterine smooth muscle neoplasms with multifocal
      hemorrhages termed apoplectic leiomyomas were studied. All patients were found to
      have been taking a combination-type oral contraceptive hormonal medication
      containing the progestin norethindrone for 2-4 years. Abdominal pain was the most
      frequent presenting symptom. The tumors ranged in size from about 1.1 to 4 cm and
      had multiple gross hemorrhages. Microscopically, they were characterized by
      stellate zones of recent hemorrhage within nodules of hypercellular smooth
      muscle. Coagulative necrosis, as seen in "red degeneration," was inconspicuous.
      Mitotic figures were sparse, not exceeding 2/10 HPF, and were mostly located in
      the perihemorrhagic areas. Abnormal blood vessels of various sizes were frequent
      and may have led to the hemorrhages. No recurrences developed up to 12 years
      after operation. A causal relationship between apoplectic leiomyomas and oral
      contraceptive usage is strongly suggested. Recognition of their distinctive
      pathologic features will prevent misdiagnosis as leiomyosarcoma.

PMID- 4073355
TI  - Cutaneous Thorotrast granulomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia following
      Thorotrast angiography.
AB  - A patient underwent cerebral angiography with thorium dioxide (Thorotrast). Six
      years later, an acne-like eruption of the face and scalp occurred which persisted
      despite aggressive treatment. Twenty-six years after the angiography he developed
      chronic lymphocytic leukemia with massive lymphadenopathy. Review of three facial
      biopsies revealed collections of Thorotrast-laden histiocytes and free thorium
      dioxide within a background of chronic inflammation and dermal fibrosis. These
      changes are of the same type described in Thorotrast granulomas of the
      subcutaneous tissues. There is an increased incidence of myelogenous leukemia in
      Thorotrast-treated patients; lymphoproliferative disorders, however, are only
      rarely observed.

PMID- 4073356
TI  - Edgar J. Poth lecture. Changing prospects for the new surgical resident.
AB  - Drastic changes have occurred in medicine in the last few years. Overproduction
      of medical students has led to increased competition for surgical residency
      positions, with consequent changing prospects for the surgical resident. Despite
      the perceived overproduction of trained surgeons, little has been done to curtail
      the output of surgeons from training programs.

PMID- 4073357
TI  - Therapeutic alternatives in patients with esophageal cancer.
AB  - The records of 52 patients treated either with surgery alone (Group A),
      preoperative radiotherapy (Group B), or combined preoperative chemotherapy and
      radiotherapy (Group C) were reviewed to determine the optimal management of
      patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. There was a significant
      difference in the number of patients with stage III disease between Groups A and
      C (100 percent and 48 percent, respectively). With the decrease in patients with
      stage III disease, both resectability rates in Groups A and C (21 percent and 62
      percent) and 2 year cumulative survival (0 and 52 percent) increased. Eleven
      patients in Group C (53 percent) had apparent total resolution of the primary
      tumor after preoperative therapy. Microscopic tumor was present but was not
      detected by repeat endoscopy in 35 percent of these patients. The survival rate
      was higher in patients with apparent total tumor regression who underwent
      esophageal resection. These results suggest that patients with squamous cell
      carcinoma of the esophagus are best treated with preoperative chemotherapy and
      radiotherapy followed by esophagectomy regardless of their response to
      preoperative therapy.

PMID- 4073358
TI  - Intraoperative radioimmunodetection of colorectal tumor with a hand-held
      radiation detector.
AB  - A hand-held gamma detection probe was used intraoperatively to localize primary
      and recurrent colorectal tumors in 28 patients 48 to 72 hours after they received
      an intravenous injection of 2.2 mCi of iodine-131 labeled anticarcinoembryonic
      antigen polyclonal baboon antibody. Preoperative evaluation included
      determination of serum carcinoembryonic antigen, barium enema, colonoscopy, chest
      film, computerized axial tomography, liver, spleen, and bone scans, and endoscopy
      when indicated. Preoperative whole-body imaging correctly localized primary
      tumors in only 33 percent of the patients, whereas it correctly demonstrated
      tumor in 64 percent of those with recurrent disease. Intraoperative tumor-to
      background ratios derived from the detector probe were elevated in all patients,
      averaging 3.97:1 in primary lesions and 4.18:1 in recurrent tumors.
      Postoperatively, carcinoembryonic antigen was localized in tissues with the
      avidin-biotin peroxidase staining technique to confirm intraoperative readings.
      Variations in stain uptake in a patient could be correlated with variations in
      radiation detector readings in the same patient. Results support our previous
      work in nude mice, demonstrating the improved sensitivity and specificity of the
      hand-held gamma detection device over whole-body imaging for intraoperative
      localization of immunoradiolabeled tumors.

PMID- 4073359
TI  - Glucagon enhances growth of cultured human colorectal cancer cells in vitro.
AB  - Early passage in vitro cultures of colorectal adenocarcinoma cells were used to
      determine if glucagon exerts a direct effect on growth of human colon cancer
      cells. Growth response assays indicated that glucagon generally stimulated growth
      between 2 and 10 micrograms/ml, with peak responses at 5 to 10 micrograms/ml.
      When glucagon-treated and control cultures were compared, 12 of the 14 cultures
      (86 percent) were stimulated by glucagon, with an increase in cells from 41 to
      100 percent. The other two cultures did not respond to glucagon. These in vitro
      results suggest that glucagon may enhance growth of most colon cancer cells.
      Further studies on responsiveness to glucagon may help elucidate mechanisms of
      oncogenesis and suggest new therapeutic protocols for patients with colorectal
      cancer.

PMID- 4073360
TI  - Incidence and associated mortality of retained common bile duct stones.
AB  - A hundred consecutive patients who underwent cholecystectomy and exploration of
      the common bile duct were studied. The traditional indications for exploration
      resulted in a yield of 55 percent positive explorations. There were nine patients
      with retained stones, three of whom died. The high mortality rate of patients
      with retained stones stresses the importance of systematic and thorough
      exploration of the biliary tree during initial operation. Choledochoscopy, when
      combined with cholangiography, may decrease the incidence of retained stones.

PMID- 4073361
TI  - Increased incidence of pancreas-related complications in patients with
      postoperative pancreatitis.
AB  - The incidence and significance of pancreas-related complications (pseudocysts,
      abscesses, and fistulas) were evaluated in 100 patients with acute pancreatitis.
      Alcoholic (40 percent), biliary (20 percent), and postoperative (15 percent)
      pancreatitis were seen most frequently. Eighteen patients had severe pancreatitis
      (3 or more Ranson's criteria). The overall mortality rate was 8 percent, and
      there were 16 pancreas-related complications. Pancreas-related complications
      developed in eight patients (53 percent), including two pseudocysts, four
      abscesses, and two fistulas. The incidence of pancreas-related complications was
      significantly greater in the postoperative group than in the overall 9 percent
      incidence in the other groups (p less than 0.005). Half of these patients
      required operation for their complications. Patients with postoperative
      pancreatitis are at a markedly increased risk of pancreas-related complications.
      Since these complications occur even in apparently mild cases of pancreatitis,
      these patients should be followed closely to detect pancreas-related
      complications.

PMID- 4073362
TI  - Management of pancreatic trauma.
AB  - The majority of patients who sustain penetrating blunt trauma to the pancreas can
      be managed with sump drainage, including those with gunshot wounds to the head of
      the pancreas. Pancreatico-duodenectomy may be indicated in 2 to 3 percent of
      cases of pancreatic injury. Patients who require resection of 80 percent or more
      of the pancreas and do not have splenic injury should be considered for a Roux-Y
      anastomosis to the distal pancreas after ductal injury has been proved. Severe
      injuries to the body of the pancreas are best managed by distal pancreatectomy.
      The mortality rate due to pancreatic injury has been less than 3 percent and
      rarely is the cause of death. To support this conclusion, few normotensive
      patients die, and no patient with an isolated pancreatic injury in our series
      died. The severity of injury often dictates the appropriate treatment. A
      conservative approach is indicated for most pancreatic injuries, resulting in
      shorter operating time and less blood loss in the unstable patient with multiple
      injuries. Most important is identification of ductal injury at the initial
      operation and institution of surgical drainage.

PMID- 4073363
TI  - Management of traumatic injuries to the extrahepatic biliary ducts.
AB  - From 1978 through 1984, 13 patients with traumatic injuries to the extrahepatic
      biliary ducts were treated. Twelve of the 13 patients had penetrating wounds, and
      associated intraabdominal injuries were uniformly present. Multiple types of
      operative repair were successfully utilized, with the choice dictated by the
      patient's condition and the location and extent of the ductal injury. In stable
      patients with partial tears or small through-and-through injuries, lateral repair
      with or without T-tube stenting was used successfully. With ductal transections,
      an end-to-end anastomosis or a bilioenteric anastomosis was used. The Whipple
      procedure was reserved for complex periampullary injuries. Morbidity was related
      to the complexity of the ductal repair, whereas mortality (4 of 13 patients, 31
      percent) was related to associated injuries.

PMID- 4073364
TI  - Combined tracheoesophageal injuries.
AB  - From 1974 through 1984, 23 patients with combined tracheoesophageal injuries from
      penetrating wounds were treated. Physical examination, endoscopy, a barium
      swallow, or a combination of these techniques confirmed the diagnosis
      preoperatively in 19 patients. A variety of operative techniques were used, with
      20 of 23 repairs involving some type of primary repair of the trachea and
      esophagus, such as side repair or end-to-end anastomosis, with or without a
      tracheostomy. Major complications occurred in 74 percent of the patients and
      included eight cases of pneumonia, eight esophageal leaks, six tracheoesophageal
      fistulas, five mediastinal abscesses, four wound infections, and two carotid
      artery blowouts. To decrease the number of complications, several refinements in
      operative technique have been suggested.

PMID- 4073365
TI  - Effect of inhalation injury on fluid resuscitation requirements after thermal
      injury.
AB  - The presence of inhalation injury has been reported to increase fluid
      requirements for resuscitation from burn shock after thermal injury. To evaluate
      the effect of inhalation injury on the magnitude of burn-induced shock, the
      characteristics of resuscitation of 171 patients with burns covering at least 25
      percent of the total body surface area were reviewed. When inhalation injury was
      suspected, confirmation by xenon-133 scanning, bronchoscopy, or both was
      obtained. Initial fluid resuscitation was calculated according to the Parkland
      formula, and titration was initiated to maintain a urine output of 30 to 50
      ml/hour. Fifty-one patients had inhalation injuries. Patients with inhalation
      injuries had a mean fluid requirement of 5.76 ml/kg per percentage of total body
      surface area burned and a mean sodium requirement of 0.94 mEq/kg per percentage
      of total body surface area burned to achieve successful resuscitation, compared
      with a fluid requirement of 3.98 ml/kg per percentage of total body surface area
      burned and a sodium requirement of 0.68 mEq/kg per percentage of total body
      surface area burned for the group without inhalation injury (p less than 0.05).
      These data confirm and quantitate that inhalation injury accompanying thermal
      trauma increases the magnitude of total body injury and requires increased
      volumes of fluid and sodium to achieve resuscitation from early burn shock.

PMID- 4073366
TI  - Immediate external fixation of unstable pelvic fractures.
AB  - Immediate external fixation has been proposed as a means of stabilizing severe
      pelvic fractures to reduce the chance of organ failure and death. Sixty-six
      patients were admitted from January 1980 through December 1983 with double
      fractures of the pelvic ring that involved the posterior elements. Twenty-six
      patients (39 percent) underwent immediate external fixation for instability, and
      40 patients (61 percent) with stable fractures were treated with bed rest. The
      two groups were similar in age, injury severity score, and degree of shock. The
      mortality rate of the two groups was the same (12 percent), as was the incidence
      of organ failure. The mean transfusion requirement in the unstable group was
      greater, but not significantly. Our results were better than those reported in
      recent studies in which immediate rigid fixation was not used. We conclude that
      the patient with multiple trauma without unstable pelvic fracture should undergo
      immediate external fixation to decrease morbidity and mortality rates and limit
      soft tissue damage.

PMID- 4073367
TI  - Complications of the Angelchik antireflux prosthesis. A community experience.
AB  - The use of the Angelchik antireflux prosthesis has increased rapidly in our
      community since its introduction in 1979. Our experience with two patients who
      had serious complications associated with this prosthesis led us to review all 76
      patients in our community who had undergone implantation of the device.
      Complications developed in 20 patients after placement of the prosthesis, and 12
      of them required subsequent laparotomy for removal of the prosthesis. The
      complications observed were persistent dysphagia, late-onset dysphagia, transient
      dysphagia, persistent vomiting, esophageal obstruction, early gas bloat syndrome,
      gastric erosion, slippage of the prosthesis over the gastric fundus, disruption
      of the prosthesis, and migration of the prosthesis. Because of the frequency of
      potentially serious complications, we cannot recommend its use in the surgical
      treatment of esophageal reflux.

PMID- 4073368
TI  - Is duodenal ulcer perforation best treated with vagotomy and pyloroplasty?
AB  - From 1967 to 1980, 65 patients underwent vagotomy and pyloroplasty for treatment
      of an acute perforated duodenal ulcer at the University of Oklahoma Health
      Sciences Center. Their age ranged from 15 to 82 years, with a mean age of 49.6
      years. All vagotomies were truncal and pyloroplasties were of the Heineke
      Mikulicz variety. The condition of each patient was classified as acute or
      chronic depending on the duration of symptoms before perforation. The
      postoperative complication rate and perioperative mortality were higher in the
      group of patients whose symptoms had been present less than 3 months before
      perforation. Patients who underwent vagotomy and pyloroplasty more than 24 hours
      after the onset of symptoms had a higher mortality compared with those who were
      operated on less than 24 hours from the onset of symptoms. We mainly attributed
      the perioperative death rate of 11 percent to advanced patient age and associated
      cardiopulmonary disease. There was no significant difference in the rate of
      postoperative complications in patients over 60 years of age compared with those
      under 40 years; hence, age alone does not preclude definitive treatment, such as
      vagotomy and pyloroplasty. The degree of contamination found at operation did not
      correlate with a poor postoperative course. There was no significant increase in
      the mortality in the group with gross contamination. Of the patients available
      for long-term follow-up, 85 percent remained free of symptoms. These results
      compare favorably with reports for the elective treatment of duodenal ulcer with
      vagotomy and pyloroplasty. We conclude that vagotomy and pyloroplasty is
      acceptable, safe, and ideal for patients with acute perforated duodenal ulcers,
      except when significant cardiopulmonary disease exists or when the duration of
      perforation is more than 24 hours.

PMID- 4073369
TI  - Success of profundoplasty: the role of the extent of deep femoral artery disease.
AB  - A review of 64 profundoplasties performed in conjunction with inflow procedures
      for multilevel vascular occlusive disease of the lower extremity revealed that
      the extent of deep femoral artery disease had a strong influence on results.
      Profundoplasty for proximal deep femoral artery disease resulted in an 80 percent
      success rate when carried out for claudication, and an approximately 65 percent
      success rate for limb salvage and in limbs with poor runoff. In contrast,
      profundoplasty for diffuse or distal deep femoral artery diseases resulted in a
      62 percent success rate for claudication and decreased to approximately 20
      percent for limb salvage or in extremities with poor runoff.

PMID- 4073370
TI  - Upper dorsal sympathectomy.
AB  - Over a 20 year period, 60 patients underwent 76 procedures for upper dorsal
      sympathectomy, usually with a transaxillary approach but occasionally with an
      anterior approach. Procedures in male patients and in those that were carried out
      on the right side were most frequent. There were few simultaneous procedures. The
      extent of sympathectomy included resection of the lower half of the stellate
      ganglion through the fourth thoracic ganglion. The results were satisfying for
      patients with vasospastic disorders and hyperhidrosis and quite acceptable for
      those with causalgia and vaso-occlusive disorders. Complication rates and the
      incidence of postoperative Horner's syndrome were low. There were prominent
      differences in results among the various age groups. In addition, female patients
      and those with bilateral procedures had less favorable results. Factors that did
      not appear to affect results included technique of surgical approach, extent of
      sympathectomy, presence of Horner's syndrome, or the addition of other
      procedures. Current indications for upper dorsal sympathectomy include cases of
      Raynaud's and Buerger's diseases refractory to drug therapy, causalgia, vaso
      occlusive disorders, and hyperhidrosis.

PMID- 4073371
TI  - Late presentations of midgut malrotation in children.
AB  - Malrotation of the intestine may become symptomatic in the older child and may
      manifest itself in atypical presentations. Older children may present with
      symptoms of less than 72 hours duration which are typical of acute duodenal
      obstruction. More frequently, however, the older child with malrotation will
      present with chronic abdominal pain with or without vomiting or chronic diarrhea.
      The diagnosis of malrotation should be considered in any child with intermittent
      abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, or malabsorption. Surgical intervention is
      curative and should be implemented as soon as possible after the diagnosis is
      made.

PMID- 4073372
TI  - Comparison of initial limb salvage in 98 consecutive patients with either
      reversed autogenous or in situ vein bypass graft procedures.
AB  - A retrospective review of 98 consecutive patients undergoing femoropopliteal or
      distal bypass procedures was conducted to determine whether in situ bypass
      grafting offers statistically significant initial limb salvage over reversed
      autogenous techniques. Over a 40 month period, 98 consecutive patients received
      either in situ or reversed autogenous vein grafts to effect limb salvage. The
      groups were similar in incidences of diabetes and previous myocardial
      infarctions, as well as in site of distal anastomosis (beneath the tibial
      peroneal trunk in more than 80 percent). The in situ vein graft group had an
      overall limb salvage rate of 92 percent with an 88 percent cumulative patency
      rate at 4 to 18 month follow-up, whereas the reversed autogenous vein graft group
      had a limb salvage rate of 86 percent with a 79 percent cumulative patency rate
      at up to 18 months. Results after 30 days showed 47 patients had improvement and
      3 patients (6 percent) had died in the in situ vein graft group. In the reversed
      autogenous vein graft group, 44 patients improved, 4 did not improve and required
      amputations, and 2 (1 percent) died. Our study supports the use of in situ vein
      bypass grafting for limb salvage.

PMID- 4073373
TI  - Risk of wound infections in trauma patients.
AB  - Surgical incisions used to treat trauma wounds can be classified by risk of wound
      infection according to a modified system based on the NRC classification for
      surgical incisions. The wounds are classified by the amount of bacterial
      contamination and the time from injury to operative therapy as clean, clean
      contaminated, and contaminated. The records of a total of 1,436 patients who had
      surgical therapy for traumatic wounds were reviewed. The infection rate for 331
      clean wounds was 3.3 percent; for 855 clean-contaminated wounds, 10.5 percent;
      and for 250 contaminated wounds, 24.8 percent. These rates are similar to those
      seen with equivalent classes of elective operations.

PMID- 4073374
TI  - [A contraindication to computers: ignorance of the law].

PMID- 4073375
TI  - [Evaluation of 2 years of medical record computerization in intensive care].

PMID- 4073376
TI  - [Expenses for equipment in an anesthesia-intensive care department: value of
      microcomputers].

PMID- 4073377
TI  - Antidromically evoked facial nerve response.
AB  - Facial nerve electrodiagnostic tests that are currently available indirectly
      assess the severity of injury to the intratemporal facial nerve. Antidromic
      conduction testing is an alternate approach that, if feasible, could provide
      direct and immediate assessment of proximal facial nerve function. This
      possibility was tested in a guinea pig model, in which near-field (intracranial)
      and far-field (extradural) recording techniques were used to assess
      antidromically evoked facial nerve activity. Response characteristics,
      topographical distribution, and lesion effects suggest that the recorded
      potentials represent antidromic activation of the facial nerve. If response
      amplitude and/or latency can be correlated with the functional state of the
      nerve, antidromic testing may provide a useful means of assessing proximal facial
      nerve function in pathologic states.

PMID- 4073378
TI  - Sleeping position and sleep apnea syndrome.
AB  - Four patients who were evaluated for hypersomnia-sleep apnea syndrome were found
      in all-night sleep studies to have obstructive or mixed apneas related to their
      sleeping positions. All four were available for comprehensive follow-up and were
      subsequently restudied while avoiding the supine position. Supine, prone, and
      lateral decubitus apnea indices were calculated for each patient for each night.
      The supine sleeping position was associated with significantly more apneas than
      the non-supine positions. Keeping these patients off their backs when they slept
      was effective treatment. Additionally, when results of surgical or pharmacologic
      treatments of apnea are evaluated, positional apnea indices should be considered.

PMID- 4073381
TI  - Acoustic neuromas.

PMID- 4073379
TI  - Success of stapedectomy performed by residents.
AB  - A retrospective study of 240 stapedectomies for otosclerosis performed in a
      teaching department during the last 10 years was done. The results and
      complications in patients operated on by residents and faculty were compared.
      Strict criteria for evaluating the surgical outcome were used. "Satisfactory"
      results obtained by residents during their entire training (79 per cent) were
      significantly poorer (P greater than 0.05) than those achieved by the faculty (90
      per cent). In the second period of residency, however, the residents' success
      rate (89 per cent) was equal to that of the faculty. There was no statistically
      significant difference in the complication rate between residents and faculty.
      Two essential conditions are responsible for good stapedectomy results by
      residents: experience with sufficient numbers of patients requiring middle-ear
      surgery (including otosclerosis and chronic middle-ear disease) and close
      supervision by the faculty in the operating room.

PMID- 4073382
TI  - Infant mortality rates and energy revenue resources.

PMID- 4073380
TI  - Trousseau's syndrome in the head and neck.
AB  - Thromboses in Trousseau's syndrome are typically confined to the vascular system
      of the extremities and viscera. The authors report a case of sequential bilateral
      internal and external jugular-vein thromboses secondary to this paraneoplastic
      hypercoagulable state. The etiologies of commonly encountered head and neck
      venous thromboses are infection, trauma, and obstruction. This article purports
      that head and neck venous thromboses without a proximal inflammatory or
      mechanical cause may be the initial manifestation of an occult malignancy. Upon
      establishing the presence of a hypercoagulable state, further evaluation may lead
      to the early diagnosis of such an occult malignancy.

PMID- 4073383
TI  - Infant mortality rates and the importance of prenatal services.

PMID- 4073384
TI  - Infant mortality rates and the lack of uniform availability of prenatal services.

PMID- 4073385
TI  - Predicting response to a pain control program.

PMID- 4073386
TI  - Asbestosis.

PMID- 4073387
TI  - Hidden asthma.

PMID- 4073388
TI  - Concomitant problems with asthma.

PMID- 4073389
TI  - The federal presence in medicine. An 800-lb. gorilla.

PMID- 4073390
TI  - Hospitals and review.

PMID- 4073391
TI  - Industry looks at utilization review.

PMID- 4073392
TI  - The medical community looks at review.

PMID- 4073393
TI  - Legal issues in peer review for self-insured employers.

PMID- 4073394
TI  - Medical pathology conference. A 37-year-old woman with liver dysfunction,
      abdominal pain, and fever.

PMID- 4073395
TI  - Diagnostic yield of two-dimensional echocardiography in the early phase of acute
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 4073396
TI  - Radiographic findings in hydantoin toxicity.

PMID- 4073397
TI  - A diagnostic approach to genetic causes of short stature.

PMID- 4073398
TI  - Preferred provider organizations. Development and growth.

PMID- 4073399
TI  - Experience with cholelithiasis in patients with sickle cell disease in Nigeria.
AB  - Sickle cell anemia, like other chronic hemolytic states, predisposes to
      cholelithiasis. However, it seems that other factors, apart from the consequent
      hyperbilirubinemia, contribute to this predisposition. This concept is supported
      by the fact that while cholelithiasis is very common among North American sickle
      cell patients, it is not so common in African patients. It is now believed that
      African sickle cell patients are protected from developing gallstones because of
      their low dietary intake of cholesterol and low intake of refined fiber-depleted
      foods. A review of all the published work on cholelithiasis, in Nigerians in
      general and sickle cell patients in particular, is presented in this article. A
      comparison is made with similar studies carried out in North America.

PMID- 4073400
TI  - Correlation of serum ferritin with other tests of iron status in sickle cell
      disease.
AB  - The iron status of 42 patients with homozygous SS disease, none of whom was on
      chronic transfusion therapy, was investigated using tests for serum ferritin,
      serum iron, serum transferrin, transferrin saturation, and free erythrocyte
      protoporphyrin. Correlation coefficients were computed between ferritins and the
      other test results. The mean ferritin level of the group as a whole showed
      significant inverse linear correlation with the mean transferrin and free
      erythrocyte protoporphyrin values. The mean ferritin of the subgroup with normal
      ferritin levels correlated significantly only with the mean free erythrocyte
      protoporphyrin value. The mean ferritin of the subgroup with high ferritin levels
      correlated significantly only with the mean transferrin value. In these patients
      who had received only sporadic blood transfusions, there was poor correlation of
      ferritin levels with age and number of transfusions.

PMID- 4073401
TI  - Splenic sequestration in sickle cell disease: role of transfusion therapy.

PMID- 4073402
TI  - Anaerobic osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease: association and pathophysiology.
AB  - A 10-year-old boy with sickle cell disease developed osteomyelitis of the humerus
      associated with blood cultures positive for Bacteroides fragilis. Clinical and
      radiological resolution followed a 10-day course of intravenous clindamycin.
      Attention is drawn to the definite but poorly recognized association between
      sickle cell disease and anaerobic osteomyelitis, and the probable pathophysiology
      is described.

PMID- 4073403
TI  - The value of bone marrow trephine biopsy in the diagnosis of metastatic
      neuroblastoma.

PMID- 4073404
TI  - Primary anterior mediastinal endodermal sinus tumors in childhood.

PMID- 4073405
TI  - [Allergic rhinitis and cellular immunity].

PMID- 4073406
TI  - [Allergens in asthma and baker's rhinitis].

PMID- 4073407
TI  - [Asthma and pregnancy].

PMID- 4073408
TI  - [A single skin test for the identification of atopic individuals and
      populations].

PMID- 4073409
TI  - Serum aluminium in hyposensitized allergics.
AB  - The concentration of serum aluminium was examined in hyposensitized subjects
      receiving subcutaneous injections of solutions of allergens precipitated with or
      adsorbed to aluminiumhydroxide and in non-hyposensitized allergics. No
      correspondence between the serum values and the quantity of aluminium mediated
      with the injections was found. It was concluded that the investigation did not
      incriminate this type of treatment in causing rising serum concentrations of
      aluminium.

PMID- 4073410
TI  - Immunochemical characterization of reference alder (Alnus glutinosa) and hazel
      (Corylus avellana) pollen extracts and the partial immunochemical identity
      between the major allergens of alder, birch and hazel pollens.
AB  - Dialysed extracts of alder (Alnus glutinosa) and hazel (Corylus avellana) pollens
      were characterized by immunochemical methods. The alder pollen extract contained
      at least 33 distinct antigens of which one, antigen 5, was classified as a major
      allergen, three, antigens 4, 10, and 17, were classified as intermediate
      allergens and two, antigens 19 and 23, were classified as minor allergens. The
      molecular weight and pI of the major allergen were determined to be 19,000 D and
      5.2, respectively. The hazel pollen extract contained at least 40 distinct
      antigens, two of which were classified as major allergens, antigens 8 and 13,
      three as intermediate allergens, antigens 12, 17, and 26, and seven as minor
      allergens, antigens 6, 11, 16, 18, 29, 39, and 40. The molecular weights and pI's
      of the major allergens of hazel pollen were determined to be: antigen 8; Mw =
      12,000 D, pI = 5.1 and less than 3.5, antigen 13; Mw = 26,000 D, pI = 5.1.
      Further, crossed line immunoelectrophoresis and tandem crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis of alder, birch and hazel strongly indicate that there
      exists an immunochemical partial identity between the major allergens (antigens 5
      (alder), 23 (birch), and 13 (hazel)) from these tree pollens.

PMID- 4073411
TI  - Experimental assessment of the allergenicity of a psyllium-containing laxative.
AB  - The allergenicity of psyllium was investigated using the Guinea Pig Maximation
      Test. Four of 12 animals gave positive skin reactions. Subsequent inhalation
      challenge of the same animals yielded respiratory hypersensitivity reactions in
      four of the animals. Two animals gave both skin and respiratory responses. The
      mosaic of respiratory and dermatologic symptoms demonstrated by animals resembled
      the pattern of findings reported in clinical studies. Results of SDS-acrylamide
      gel electrophoresis, immunoblot and protein determinations of aqueous psyllium
      extracts failed to indicate the presence of protein. Spectrophotometric studies
      suggested that the extract was a gum with a molecular weight greater than 14,000
      daltons.

PMID- 4073412
TI  - [Effects of nitrous oxide and halothane on somatosensory evoked potentials after
      stimulation of the median nerve].
AB  - In 10 healthy adult subjects cervical and cortical somatosensory evoked responses
      (SEP) after median nerve stimulation were recorded. The recordings were performed
      before and after inhalation of 66 2/3% nitrous oxide (and 33 1/3% oxygen) and
      during additional inhalation of halothane in concentrations ranging from 0,5 to
      2,0 vol%; end tidal paCO2 and tympanic membrane temperature were kept constant.
      Nitrous oxide caused a 50% amplitude reduction of the cortical responses while
      latencies remained unchanged. Latency of the primary cortical response N20 and
      central conduction time increased continuously with increasing halothane
      concentration, amplitude N20P25 and amplitude ratio R showed a further decrease.
      The sensitivity of SEP components to halothane anaesthesia increased with peak
      latency: Cervical SEP remained relatively constant even during deep anaesthesia,
      early cortical potentials showed latency prolongation and amplitude reduction,
      middle and long latency components were progressively diminished with increasing
      halothane concentration. These changes have to be considered, when interpreting
      cervical and cortical SEP recorded intraoperatively.

PMID- 4073413
TI  - [Detection of venous embolism during intraoperative monitoring by two-dimensional
      transesophageal echocardiography].
AB  - 12 patients (mean age: 81 +/- 9 years) undergoing total hip replacement because
      of transcervical femoral fractures were studied intraoperatively by two
      dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The purpose of this study
      was to evaluate the ability of this new technique for detection of embolic events
      in the right heart by intraoperative 2D-TEE monitoring during hip surgery. In all
      patients (pts) we observed a transient increase of contrast intensity in the
      right atrium immediately after insertion of the acetabulum prosthesis ("snow
      flurry"). Contrast was maximal 15-20 seconds after insertion and persisted for
      approximately 2 min. While contrast intensity decreased in the minutes
      thereafter, in 3 pts contrast became more heterogeneous:we detected structures
      like "flakes" passing the right heart, sometimes circulating for some seconds in
      the right atrium respectively the right ventricle. Detected embolism was followed
      by a transient decrease of arterial pO2 (greater than 10 mmHg) in 5 pts. However,
      haemodynamic responses occurred infrequently; 4 pts experienced no changes at
      this moment. During insertion of the femoral prosthesis the contrast events were
      even more pronounced and persistent. In all pts we observed the appearance of
      "flake"-like structures passing the right atrium and the right ventricle, some
      measuring up to 6 cm in length. This was accompanied in 10 pts with a decrease
      (greater than 10 mmHg) of arterial pO2 and in 8 pts with a decrease (greater than
      5 mmHg) of endtidal CO2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4073414
TI  - [Extremely low oncotic pressure in postpartum eclampsia].
AB  - In a primigravida of 25 years of age who had an attack of eclampsia seven hours
      after Caesarean section we found an abnormally low oncotic pressure (i.e. colloid
      osmotic pressure, COP) in the plasma, namely, 14.5 mm Hg instead of the normal
      value which is greater than 20mm Hg. In EPH-gestosis there is a pathogenetic
      dependence of the oedemas, hypovolaemia, haemoconcentration and insufficient
      perfusion of parenchymatous organs, on the transcapillary colloid osmotic
      pressure gradient. As a result of colloid substitution with human albumin (20-40
      g per day) effected with oncometric control, the COP increased stepwise to 18.3
      mm Hg within one week and the distribution of fluid between the intravascular and
      extravascular space normalised. Repeated direct measurement of the colloid
      osmotic pressure (in our case by Onkometer BMT 921, Thomae) proved extremely
      helpful especially as a means of therapy control.

PMID- 4073415
TI  - [The therapeutic system, CODIC].
AB  - CODIC-COmputeriseD Infusion Control is the first universally applicable
      therapeutic system which can be programmed by the user. CODIC consists of a
      monitoring unit for IMED 929 infusion pump. It is the first open therapeutic
      system in the "no demand" mode which is not only programmed but can also be
      programmed and modified by the user. This makes it universally applicable. It was
      mainly developed for highly effective drugs with a narrow therapeutic range and
      short half-life. CODIC opens up possibilities for the optimisation of advanced
      drug therapy which had not existed so far (e.g. cytostatics). If operated in the
      "on demand" mode via a pushbutton pressed down by the patient according to
      individual requirements by analgesic boluses, CODIC provides freedom from pain
      (not only postoperatively). The fixed-programme infusion profile prevents excess
      dosage. The same applies to pain relief during child birth. CODIC has been in
      routine use by the author for the last two years, especially for the automatic
      monitoring of infusions of Tramadol, Nalbuphin or NLA substances in combination
      anaesthesia, or in controlled hypotension with nitroprusside.

PMID- 4073416
TI  - [A simple system for emergency coniotomy].
AB  - The successful clinical application of a new emergency cricothyrotomy device is
      reported. We used it first in a patient who was in acute respiratory
      insufficiency and could not be intubated because of a large tumour in the
      pharynx. Emphasis is placed on the description of the easy handling especially
      for less experienced physicians and of the atraumatic procedure.

PMID- 4073417
TI  - [Hydrochloric acid therapy in severe metabolic alkalosis].

PMID- 4073418
TI  - [Surgery of secondary hyperparathyroidism].

PMID- 4073419
TI  - [Biology of the origin and development of cancer].

PMID- 4073420
TI  - [Causes of fetal distress in pregnancy complicated by hypertension].

PMID- 4073421
TI  - Spinal anaesthesia and day case surgery?

PMID- 4073422
TI  - Anaesthesia for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
AB  - The anaesthetic considerations of patients presenting for extracorporeal shock
      wave lithotripsy are described. Regional anaesthesia with sedation may be
      preferable to general anaesthesia for patients undergoing this form of therapy.
      If regional anaesthesia is contra-indicated, general anaesthesia using controlled
      ventilation with muscle relaxation, supplemented with a narcotic and a low
      concentration of volatile anaesthetic has been found to be a suitable
      alternative. The additional epidural preparation time has to be balanced against
      the benefits of easier patient transfer, especially during multi-stage
      procedures, and better postoperative analgesia. The epidural catheter can be left
      in situ in patients who require multiple treatments or who may experience severe
      ureteric pain as the resulting 'sand mass' is passed. Epidural space localisation
      using a 'loss of resistance to saline' technique is recommended, in order to
      avoid the possible risk of damage to the spinal cord and emerging nerves (due to
      the presence of an air-water interface). Patients with cardiac insufficiency need
      special consideration, in view of the effects of immersion on right and left
      heart filling pressures.

PMID- 4073423
TI  - Uptake of volatile anaesthetics in children.
AB  - The uptake of halothane is known to be more rapid in children than in adults, but
      comparable clinical data regarding other inhalational anaesthetics are not
      available. In this study, the rates of uptake of halothane, enflurane, isoflurane
      and methoxyflurane were compared in children of different ages. Expired (FE') and
      inspired (FI) vapour concentrations were measured with an infrared analyser, and
      FE'/FI ratios were used to determine rates of uptake. Uptake rates of halothane,
      enflurane and methoxyflurane were more rapid in the younger than in the older
      children, but age had no effect on the uptake of isoflurane which was uniformly
      rapid in all the children studied.

PMID- 4073424
TI  - Comparison of oral slow release morphine (MST) with intramuscular morphine for
      premedication.
AB  - Oral morphine sulphate slow-release (MST) 40 mg and intramuscular morphine
      sulphate 10 mg, each administered with intramuscular atropine 0.6 mg, were
      compared in a randomised double-blind trial as premedication agents in 30
      patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Both formulations produced sedation
      but no anxiolysis in the anaesthetic room, as measured by 10 cm, horizontal
      linear analogue scales. There was no significant difference between the
      preparations in terms of postoperative pain, recorded either by the linear
      analogue scales or using a patient questionnaire. The usage of analgesics and
      anti-emetics postoperatively was comparable in both groups.

PMID- 4073425
TI  - Phaeochromocytoma removal and postoperative hypoglycaemia.
AB  - A case of postoperative hypoglycaemia following removal of a phaeochromocytoma is
      presented. The hypoglycaemia is due to a reactive rise in insulin and is
      augmented by alpha adrenoceptor blocking agents. Beta adrenoceptor blockers
      impair recovery from this hypoglycaemia. Frequent monitoring of blood glucose and
      the administration of an appropriate solution of dextrose both during and after
      this operation is recommended.

PMID- 4073426
TI  - Hyperpyrexia following psychotropic drug overdose.
AB  - A case of overdose of tricyclic antidepressants associated with severe pyrexia is
      reported in a patient taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and its management
      described. The similarities to and differences from the malignant hyperpyrexia
      syndrome are discussed.

PMID- 4073427
TI  - Excessive dose requirements of local anaesthetic for epidural analgesia. How far
      should an epidural catheter be inserted?
AB  - On two separate occasions, a 78-year-old obese man suffering from congestive
      cardiac failure and peripheral vascular disease, required epidural anaesthesia
      for surgery to his leg. The dosage requirement on the first occasion was large
      and much greater than on the second occasion. Reasons for the difference in
      dosage are discussed. We suggest an epidural catheter should be inserted 3 cm
      into the epidural space.

PMID- 4073428
TI  - Bronchial intubation. A comparison between polyvinyl chloride and red rubber
      double lumen tubes.
AB  - Red rubber and polyvinyl chloride bronchial double lumen tubes were compared.
      Polyvinyl chloride tubes are easier to pass quicker to position and cause less
      damage to the mucosa of the respiratory tract than the red rubber equivalents.

PMID- 4073429
TI  - Clinical anaesthetic knowledge amongst surgical house staff.
AB  - Knowledge of common anaesthetic drugs, techniques and complications amongst
      junior surgical staff at a typical district general hospital is assessed. The
      implications for patient care are discussed and suggestions made for improved
      education.

PMID- 4073430
TI  - Epidural blood patch using a catheter. Diagnosis of an unrecognised dural tap.
AB  - Twenty five patients were treated with an epidural blood patch for persistent
      headache, following a known or suspected dural puncture. Fifteen to 20 ml blood
      was injected into the epidural space through a catheter inserted one space away
      from the dural puncture. The catheter technique was useful in confirming the
      clinical diagnosis of previously unrecognised dural tap in six patients with
      severe headache. It was possible to perform the blood patch single-handed.

PMID- 4073431
TI  - An interesting effect of sodium nitroprusside.

PMID- 4073432
TI  - Morpheus revisited.

PMID- 4073433
TI  - Epiglottitis.

PMID- 4073434
TI  - Recurrent awareness.

PMID- 4073435
TI  - Improved tube connectors for pneumatic tourniquets.

PMID- 4073436
TI  - Post-herpetic neuralgia.

PMID- 4073437
TI  - A new coaxial breathing system.

PMID- 4073438
TI  - Delayed cardiorespiratory depression following nalbuphine administration.

PMID- 4073439
TI  - Bradycardia.

PMID- 4073440
TI  - Intravenous antibiotics and gangrene.

PMID- 4073441
TI  - Simple modification of an antipollution system.

PMID- 4073442
TI  - [Anesthesia-related maternal mortality during labor. Results of a survey in the
      Federal Republic of Germany 1971-1980].
AB  - In order to obtain figures on the anaesthesia related maternal mortality in the
      Federal Republic of Germany, 707 hospitals have been addressed via questionnaire.
      Hospitals where obstetric departments and anaesthetic departments as well were
      available, were investigated for maternal mortality, anaesthetic requirements,
      and the complications which led to the maternal deaths during the period of 1971
      1980. 38% (259 general hospitals and 10 university hospitals) responded; the
      geographical distribution seemed to be representative. The average maternal
      mortality rate was at 0.21%, which ranged from 0.21% for general hospitals to
      0.16% for university hospitals. The overall anaesthesia related maternal
      mortality was around 6.4%. 20 of the reported 21 maternal deaths occurred under
      general anaesthesia and 1 under local anaesthesia; 17 patients died during
      caesarean section and 4 during vaginal delivery. The main complications which led
      to the maternal deaths were cardiac arrest and aspiration of gastric content with
      38,1% each and convulsions with 4.8%. In 19% of the total maternal deaths the
      causes could not be determined. The importance of obstetric centres and of
      controlled anaesthetic methods delivery will be discussed on the basis of these
      and other figures which have been reported in the literature.

PMID- 4073443
TI  - [Postoperative on-demand analgesia with morphine].
AB  - Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA, intravenous self-application of narcotics) was
      studied during the early postoperative period. Subjects were 40 ASA I-III
      patients recovering from elective major and minor surgery (each 20 having
      undergone abdominal or orthopaedic operations). Morphine boluses each of 1.92 mg
      were available via a hand-button whenever the patients felt pain relief
      necessary, and delivered by a microprocessor-controlled injection pump (On-Demand
      Analgesia Computer, ODAC). Hourly maximum dose was set to 15 mg with a pump
      refractory time of 1 min between valid demands. A continuous low-dose morphine
      infusion (0.23 mg/h was additionally administered in order to prevent catheter
      obstruction. Duration of the PCA period was 20.3 +/- 4.3 h (mean, standard
      deviation). During this time, 18.3 +/- 10.6 demands per patient were recorded
      resulting in individual morphine consumption of 29.6 +/- 16.6 micrograms/kg/h.
      Self-administration was characterized by considerable intra- and inter-individual
      variability. Following abdominal surgery, significantly more morphine was needed
      compared with orthopaedic patients, although pain relief was found less in the
      former group. There were no statistically significant differences in drug
      requirements or pain scores between the sexes. With respect to different
      anaesthetic techniques, patients recovering from spinal anaesthesia needed lower
      morphine doses only during the first few (1-4) h in comparison with
      neuroleptanalgesia. Over-all efficacy and patient acceptance proved to be
      excellent. Effectiveness of PCA was judged superior by about 84% of patients when
      compared with previously experienced conventional postoperative
      analgesia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4073444
TI  - [Prognostic significance of a preoperative risk check list].
AB  - The perioperative risk of lethal complications amounts to 0.02 to 0.4% dependent
      on different investigators. A further decrease of this perioperative risk has
      failed to occur in spite of most sophisticated methods of anesthesiology. We
      desire a safe classification of risk scores in order to calculate the prognosis
      of the individual patient who is scheduled for operation and anaesthesia. 15
      anamnestical, clinical and blood chemistry data of 700 patients planned for
      general surgery were registered, intra- and postoperative complications were
      documented, and by means of statistical methods (discriminant analysis)
      evaluated. The patients' data were registered from the date of premedication to
      discharge or to four weeks after operation. To define the complications they were
      classified as mild, moderate and severe complications. The 15 variables used show
      a calculated risk prognosis of 40% for mild, 57% for moderate and 79% for severe
      complications. We find a very good correlation of the calculated versus observed
      risk of complications. The risk of mild complications are underestimated and
      severe complications overestimated.

PMID- 4073445
TI  - [Serum myoglobin following intermittent administration of succinylcholine and the
      effect of dantrolene. Clinical studies of children in halothane anesthesia].
AB  - Serum myoglobin concentration was observed over a period of 30 min following
      succinylcholine (SCH) in 30 children. They were uniformly anaesthetized with
      halothane; differences, however, concerned premedication and relaxation. They
      received in group 1 (n = 12) dantrolene 2 X 1 mg X kg-1 orally and SCH 2 X 1 mg X
      kg-1 i.v., in group 2 (n = 12) only SCH 2 X 1 mg X kg-1 i.v., and in group 3 (n =
      6) neither dantrolene nor succinylcholine were used. The mean initial myoglobin
      concentrations were nearly identical (16.8-17.0 ng X ml-1). In the children
      without SCH (group 3) no changes could be observed; following SCH (group 2) the
      mean concentration increased to 1,610.5 ng X ml-1 after 30 min; additional
      premedication with dantrolene (group 1) led to a significant reduction of the
      myoglobin concentration (413.7 ng X ml-1; p = 0.031).

PMID- 4073446
TI  - [Accuracy of halothane vaporizers with respect to temperature, carrier gas
      composition and gas flow rate].
AB  - Since the precise measurement of halothane-concentration in the patients gas
      support during routine anesthesia still requires much effort, the accuracy of the
      vaporizers halothane output remains important for the safety of anesthesia and
      the education of younger anesthesiologists. In the present study 30 halothane
      vaporizers (14 Fluotec Mark 3/Cyprane Ltd., 12 Vapor 19/Drager, 4
      Abingdon/Penlon) were removed from the operating rooms in the University Hospital
      Gottingen to test their accuracy. The measurements were performed with a
      masspectrometer under standardized laboratory conditions with varied temperatures
      (10 degrees, 21 degrees, 35 degrees C), gasflows (3, 5, 8 l/min) and compositions
      of carrier gas (100% O2, N2O/O2 = 2/1). All vaporizers in this study showed a
      light tendency to higher halothane outputs for low concentration adjustments and
      to distinct lower outputs for higher concentration adjustments. The Vapor 19
      vaporizers compensated well with changes of temperatures and gasflows but had a
      distinct dependency on carriers gas compositions. The Fluotec Mark 3 vaporizers
      output depended on the temperature and gasflow but was almost unaffected by the
      carrier gas composition. Tremendous deviations appeared with the Abingdon
      vaporizers, which seamed to be without any temperature compensation and which
      were highly gas flow dependent. It can be concluded from our results that
      vaporizers according to their construction tend to be imprecise.

PMID- 4073447
TI  - [Complications of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration].
AB  - Among annually 10 treatments with continuous arteriovenous haemofiltration (CAVH)
      during the last years there were some individual instances of severe
      complications: occluding thrombus in the femoral artery, infection at the site
      where the arterial catheter was inserted and disconnection in the extracorporeal
      shunt. When choosing the method for compensating renal failure, the possibility
      of these complications must be considered. Patients who will tolerate
      intermittent hyperhydration between two dialysis sessions should be treated
      discontinuously with a technique not-employing arterial cannulation rather than
      with CAVH.

PMID- 4073448
TI  - Factors affecting outcome after chest injury.
AB  - From 1978 to 1983 a total of 328 patients was admitted to Royal Newcastle
      Hospital Intensive Care Unit with chest injuries; 255 had other injuries as well.
      Of the 328, 171 developed acute respiratory failure, 174 received mechanical
      ventilation (159 for acute respiratory failure) and 46 died. The commonest causes
      of death were head injury (19), sepsis (10) and uncontrollable haemorrhage (10).
      Associated head (131) and/or abdominal (89) injuries tripled mortality. Those
      without respiratory, cardiac, renal or hepatic failure (155) had a mortality rate
      of 5.8% while the remainder had mortality rates of 21.6%, 12.5%, 37.5% and 100%,
      for respiratory (171), cardiac (8), renal (8) and hepatic (5) failures,
      respectively. Shock was present on admission in 55, of whom 19 died. Sepsis
      developed in 59 and 14 with this complication died. Sepsis remains a potentially
      avoidable late cause of death and attention needs to be directed towards limiting
      invasive techniques of management to those which are necessary, and towards early
      diagnosis of abdominal injuries with early exploratory surgery. The best chance
      of survival in the initial phase of injury may lie in the establishment of an
      integrated regional trauma centre system together with improved pre-hospital and
      retrieval systems.

PMID- 4073449
TI  - Patient comfort and plasma lignocaine concentrations during fibreoptic
      bronchoscopy.
AB  - In a preliminary prospective study, eleven outpatients undergoing fibreoptic
      bronchoscopy using a titrated dose of topical lignocaine anaesthesia were
      studied. Patient comfort, lignocaine dosage and resultant plasma concentrations
      were measured at four stages during the procedure. Large total doses, mean 512
      (SD 55) mg lignocaine, were frequent and systemic absorption was unpredictable
      with two patients having plasma concentrations in the toxic range (greater than 5
      micrograms/ml). Peak plasma concentrations, mean 2.3 (SD 1.4) micrograms/ml,
      occurred 30 to 40 minutes after commencement of topical application and coincided
      with completion of the procedure. No correlation was found between the individual
      dose of lignocaine administered and either the resultant plasma concentration or
      patient comfort scores. In an effort to minimise potential lignocaine toxicity, a
      fixed total dose technique (lignocaine 370 mg) was studied in a further twenty
      one patients. No change in patient comfort scores and no toxic plasma
      concentrations were observed. Mean completion plasma concentration was 2.0 (SD
      1.0) micrograms/ml. No clinical toxicity was observed in either group. Fibreoptic
      bronchoscopy in both groups using topical lignocaine anaesthesia without
      premedication or intravenous supplementation was well tolerated.

PMID- 4073450
TI  - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia and the management of persistent foetal
      circulation.
AB  - Twenty-two cases of diaphragmatic hernia, presenting from 1978 to 1982, were
      reviewed. Sixteen patients presented before 24 hours of life, of whom nine
      survived (56%). Six were late presenters who all did well. Seven babies had ten
      documented episodes of persistent foetal circulation (PFC) occurring as early as
      three hours postoperatively, although three babies had episodes in their second
      week. Hyperventilation, with hand bagging, was successful in treating five out of
      six episodes of PFC (83%), without complication. Tolazoline caused improvement in
      two out of four episodes of PFC but was associated with significant
      complications. We recommend early and sometimes persistent use of
      hyperventilation by hand bagging as a means of managing PFC in diaphragmatic
      hernia.

PMID- 4073451
TI  - Recovery from day-stay anaesthesia--a comparison of an intravenous and
      inhalational technique of maintenance.
AB  - In 60 patients undergoing minor day-stay surgical procedures, a standard
      inhalational technique of anaesthetic maintenance (halothane/nitrous
      oxide/oxygen) was compared with incremental dose methohexitone supplemented by
      nitrous oxide/oxygen. The methohexitone group showed faster immediate recovery
      but slower overall recovery at four hours. No difference was found in the
      incidence of minor sequelae up to 24 hours after anaesthesia.

PMID- 4073452
TI  - Lower limb blood flow during transurethral resection of the prostate under spinal
      or general anaesthesia.
AB  - Using venous occlusion impedance plethysmography, leg blood flow was measured in
      seventeen men undergoing transurethral prostatectomy under either amethocaine
      spinal anaesthesia (SAB) or nitrous oxide-halothane general anaesthesia (GA).
      Mean leg blood flow doubled (206% of pre-operative control value) following
      induction of SAB, remained elevated throughout surgery (146% of control at the
      end of operation) and had returned to pre-operative levels (94%) by two hours
      postoperatively. Under GA, mean blood flow rose gradually during surgery to 136%
      of control by the end. However, mean blood flow was only 28% of control at one
      hour postoperatively, rising to 66% of control by two hours. Analysis of variance
      showed a significant difference in blood flow changes between the two groups
      (Greenhouse Geisser P = 0.005). The early postoperative fall in leg blood flow in
      the GA group might be important in the aetiology of postoperative deep vein
      thrombosis.

PMID- 4073453
TI  - The power spectrum analyser as an indicator of cerebral ischaemia during carotid
      endarterectomy.
AB  - Stroke is a potential major complication of carotid endarterectomy and may be
      caused by cerebral ischaemia or embolisation from the operative site.
      Conventional EEG monitoring has been used intraoperatively to identify periods of
      cerebral ischaemia, but this monitoring technique can be difficult to operate and
      interpret in the operating room. This study reports the use of a new signal
      analyser, the power spectrum analyser (PSA-1, Neurologics, Inc., Nashville,
      Tennessee), and its impact on active patient management. Thirty-six patients
      undergoing carotid endarterectomies were monitored with the PSA-1 in conjunction
      with routine EEG. Eight patients (22%) showed evidence of ischaemia 22 times on
      both PSA-1 and routine EEG. At no time did the routine EEG show evidence of
      ischaemia when the PSA-1 did not. The PSA-1 has proven to be a reliable
      neurophysiologic monitor for the identification of periods of cerebral ischaemia.
      Use of this small, easily operated and interpreted machine could enhance safety
      in operating rooms lacking sufficient resources to use conventional EEG machines.

PMID- 4073454
TI  - The influence of age on plasma lignocaine levels following tracheal spray in
      young dogs.
AB  - A study was conducted in puppies of one litter beginning before they were three
      weeks old and repeated up to six times in the first four months of life to
      determine whether any age-related changes in peak plasma lignocaine levels
      occurred following tracheal spray. These were significantly higher in the
      youngest group (less than 20 days) than in dogs 2-3 months of age. There was a
      significant negative correlation between peak plasma levels and age up to four
      months. The maximum level attained by any puppy was 4.48 ug/ml after 4 mg/kg
      tracheal lignocaine spray.

PMID- 4073455
TI  - Steroids and postoperative analgesia.
AB  - The postoperative analgesic requirements of a group of patients receiving high
      doses of corticosteroids for 48 hours postoperatively were studied. It was found
      that the opioid requirement of the group was significantly less than that of a
      control group undergoing similar surgery but not receiving steroids (p less than
      0.001). The steroid group required approximately half the opioid dose of the
      control group. Possible explanations of the effect include the anti-inflammatory
      action of steroids and competitive inhibition of a common metabolic pathway in
      the liver.

PMID- 4073456
TI  - The perioperative management of morbidly obese patients (a surgeon's
      perspective).
AB  - One hundred and thirteen morbidly obese patients underwent bariatric surgery.
      Mean preoperative percentage above ideal weight was 98.3% (SD 30.0%). Mean
      percentage above ideal weight eighteen months after operation was 19.5% (SD
      23.8%). Fifteen patients (13.3%) required pre-operative weight loss because of
      respiratory dysfunction and raised PaCO2. One patient developed asthma in the
      postoperative period. There were no other clinical postoperative respiratory
      complications. 40% of patients however did show radiological evidence of basal
      pulmonary atelectasis on the initial postoperative chest X-ray. All patients had
      pre-operative cardiological screening: there were no cardiac complications except
      one case of atrial fibrillation. One patient suffered a proven pulmonary embolus
      and recovered. Six patients (5.3%) required correction of a pre-operative
      potassium deficit. No episode of gastric acid aspiration syndrome occurred. 58%
      of patients presenting for obesity surgery had identifiable psychopathology.
      Despite strict pre-operative psychiatric screening, 15% of patients coming to
      operation required postoperative psychiatric management.

PMID- 4073457
TI  - Mental nerve block revisited--a simplified technique for surgery of the lower
      lip.
AB  - Modification of techniques of mental nerve block which provide both soft tissue
      and dental anaesthesia results in a simple, safe technique which should be more
      frequently considered as an alternative to general anaesthesia for use in soft
      tissue surgery of the lower lip.

PMID- 4073458
TI  - Paediatric retrievals in South Australia.
AB  - Since the early 1970s there has been a co-ordinated retrieval service in South
      Australia for adult, paediatric and neonatal patients. The paediatric service has
      been mounted from the Adelaide Children's Hospital and to the end of 1983 numbers
      379 patients, including 90 patients in 1983. This is now providing a considerable
      workload on the Anaesthetic and Intensive Care Departments. The records have been
      entered into a file program in a microcomputer and analysed. The results of this
      analysis are presented and discussed.

PMID- 4073459
TI  - Monitoring heart and breath sounds by telemetry.
AB  - A system for FM radiotelemetry of heart and breath sounds is described. Patients'
      heart and breath sounds are detected by oesophageal or precordial stethoscopes.
      The anaesthetist, carrying a portable radio receiver, is then free to move around
      theatre while listening to these sounds through headphones or an ear-piece. The
      FM telemetry system has also been used to assist patient monitoring in noisy
      environments such as ambulances.

PMID- 4073460
TI  - The use of the rigid bronchoscope for difficult intubations.

PMID- 4073461
TI  - Failed intravenous arm block or diagnostic test?

PMID- 4073462
TI  - Pulmonary oedema associated with severe venous air embolism.

PMID- 4073463
TI  - An adverse reaction to chlormethiazole.

PMID- 4073464
TI  - Infusion fluid warming.

PMID- 4073465
TI  - Pin-indexing failure.

PMID- 4073467
TI  - Ventilator malfunction.

PMID- 4073466
TI  - Rectal thermometer complication.

PMID- 4073468
TI  - Thiopentone complication.

PMID- 4073469
TI  - Adverse responses to local anaesthetics.

PMID- 4073470
TI  - Amperometric responses to acetylene, ethylene, and methane by a Clark-type oxygen
      electrode.
AB  - Hydrogen-conditioned Clark electrodes exposed to successive acetylene samples
      displayed a decreasing curvilinear response. Slight electrode responses are also
      effected by saturated ethylene solutions. Thus, amperometric measurements of
      hydrogen or carbon monoxide in the aqueous environment by these electrodes are
      perturbated by the presence of acetylene and to a much lesser extent by ethylene.
      Methane-saturated solutions induced no electrode response.

PMID- 4073471
TI  - Selected ion monitoring/isotope dilution mass spectrometric determination of 1
      aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid levels in ripening tomato fruit.
AB  - A new method is described for the quantitation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1
      carboxylic acid (ACC), the immediate precursor of ethylene in plants. [2,2,3,3,
      2H4]ACC has been synthesized and used as an internal standard for selected ion
      monitoring/isotope dilution quantitation of this compound in ripening tomato
      fruit. These data are compared with those derived from the widely used indirect
      oxidative ACC assay (which underestimated the ACC levels by between two- and
      fourfold). The greater accuracy, sensitivity (100X), and specificity of the mass
      spectrometric method will be of considerable benefit to those interested in
      factors which control ACC and ultimately ethylene levels since it is believed
      that ACC synthesis and its oxidative metabolism to ethylene are the key points at
      which ethylene biosynthesis is regulated.

PMID- 4073472
TI  - Resolution of cartilage proteoglycan and its proteolytic degradation products by
      high-performance liquid chromatography using a gel filtration system.
AB  - Cartilage proteoglycan subunits are resolved from their various-size proteolytic
      degradation products by a gel filtration high-performance liquid chromatography
      system using a Bio-Gel TSK-60 column in tandem with a Bio-Gel TSK-50 column.
      Molecules ranging in size from the intact proteoglycan to single chondroitin
      sulfate chains are eluted in the included volume. Each analysis takes less than
      30 min to complete, and with purified samples as little as 20 micrograms of
      proteoglycan is required. The method can be applied to the measurement of
      proteoglycan in mixtures, such as tissue culture media, by monitoring effluent
      fractions using the dimethylmethylene blue dye-binding assay.

PMID- 4073473
TI  - A 125I-radiolabel transfer crosslinking reagent with a novel cleavable group.
AB  - A new chemical crosslinking reagent, 1-[N-(2-hydroxy-5-azidobenzoyl) -2
      aminoethyl]-4-(N-hydroxysuccinimidyl)-succinate, or HAHS, has been developed. It
      is synthesized in three steps and stored as an unlabeled precursor, and then
      iodinated immediately before use. The reagent has a succinimide ester at one end
      so that it can be covalently attached to a purified protein, and a radioiodinated
      phenyl azide group at the other end, so that upon photolysis it can form
      crosslinks to nearby molecules. The 16-A connecting region contains an ester
      group which is very stable at neutral pH before photolysis, but which hydrolyzes
      in about 1 min in base, and hydrolyzes spontaneously after photolysis. Thus,
      photolysis and cleavage of the ester result in transfer of the radiolabel from
      the initial protein to its neighbors. When 125I-HAHS-protein A was incubated with
      IgG, photolyzed, and cleaved, 27% of the label was transferred to the IgG heavy
      chain. This transfer was abolished by an excess of unlabeled protein A, and was
      quenched by low concentrations of DTT. Much lower amounts of label were
      transferred to noninteracting proteins. When 125I-HAHS-spectrin was bound to
      spectrin-depleted red blood cell membranes, photolyzed, and cleaved, label was
      transferred only to ankyrin and to band 3. This transfer was blocked by excess
      unlabeled spectrin and was greatly diminished by conditions which prevent binding
      of spectrin.

PMID- 4073474
TI  - Difference in monoamine oxidase activity measured by either liquid ion exchange
      or ion exchange resin chromatography in rat and cat brain.
AB  - Cat and rat brain monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was measured with a
      radioisotopic procedure and two extraction methods. Results indicated an
      underestimation of MAO activity when liquid ion exchange chromatography (LIEC)
      was used instead of an ion exchange chromatographic method (IEC) to separate the
      different products of the deaminated tyramine, phenylethylamine, or serotonin.
      MAO produced aldehydic products which may be found in the incubation medium and
      may be extracted with the substrate in the chloroform phase by the LIEC method.
      In cat brain, the resulting underestimation of the MAO activity was prevented by
      the addition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (10(-3) M) in the incubation
      medium or by allowing a 2-h period between the end of incubation and the LIEC
      extraction procedure. In the rat brain, the same result was obtained by the
      addition of an equimolar mixture of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in reduced form (NAD-NADPH, 10(-3)
      M). Using the IEC method, the NAD decreased only the deamination of tyramine and
      serotonin in rat brain. This study suggests that the use of an IEC method to
      evaluate MAO activity is more accurate for the estimation of the enzymatic
      activity.

PMID- 4073475
TI  - Quantitation of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase in mouse L929 cells using the
      inhibitor neplanocin A.
AB  - S-Adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.1) catalyzes the reversible
      hydrolysis of AdoHcy to adenosine and homocysteine. Neplanocin A, a cyclopentyl
      analog of adenosine, has previously been shown to act as a tight-binding
      inhibitor of the purified bovine liver enzyme, binding with a stoichiometry of
      one molecule per tetramer of enzyme (R.T. Borchardt, B.T. Keller, and U.G. Patel
      Thombre, 1984, J. Biol. Chem. 259, 4353-4358). In the current study neplanocin A
      was also shown to act as a stoichiometric inhibitor of the L929 cell enzyme
      having Ki = 0.2 nM. Using this inhibitor to titrate the AdoHcy hydrolase, the
      concentration of the enzyme in intact L929 cells was calculated to be 0.8 microM,
      assuming a 1:1 inhibitor:protein stoichiometry. It was observed that the specific
      activity of AdoHcy hydrolase as measured in the hydrolytic direction increased
      270% over a 12-h period after L929 cells were given fresh serum-free medium or
      when the cell extract was dialyzed first against phosphate buffer. Using the
      neplanocin A titration technique, it was found that the enzyme concentration in
      L929 cells remained constant over a 48-h period after refeeding the cultures.
      These results suggest the presence of an endogenous inhibitor or a readily
      reversible-type enzyme modification which is responsible for regulating AdoHcy
      hydrolase in vivo.

PMID- 4073476
TI  - Sensitive quantification of isoforms of canine MM creatine kinase with an
      immunoblot procedure suitable for large numbers of samples.
AB  - To quantify individual isoforms of canine myocardial MM creatine kinase (CK) we
      developed an immunoblot procedure suitable for analysis of large numbers of
      samples. Isoforms in plasma were separated by agarose electrophoresis,
      immobilized on nitrocellulose, detected with anti-MM followed by a labeled second
      antibody, and quantified by well counting. The amount of non-CK protein was
      reduced with sequential ethanol precipitation. Reproducibility of the assay
      developed was high with a standard deviation of 5.9% of mean values for each
      isoform. Variation of results after serial dilutions of samples constituted with
      33.3% of each of the three isoforms was modest with a standard deviation of 3.5%.
      The method developed provided sensitive, discrete resolution of individual MM CK
      isoforms under nondenaturing conditions and should prove useful for improved,
      objective definition of the time of onset of irreversible injury to myocardial
      tissue rendered ischemic and hence improved stratification of patients studied in
      clinical trials concerned with protection and salvage of myocardium.

PMID- 4073477
TI  - Characterization of N-linked oligosaccharides by affinoblotting with concanavalin
      A-peroxidase and treatment of the blots with glycosidases.
AB  - Glycoproteins which bind concanavalin A (Con A) can be located on nitrocellulose
      sheets after electrophoretic transfer from slab gels, by sequential incubation of
      the sheets with Con A and peroxidase, and visualization of the peroxidase by an
      insoluble reaction product. We refer to this method as affinoblotting.
      Differential elution of Con A from the blots by washing the sheets with different
      concentrations of alpha-methylglycosides is used to demonstrate the affinity of
      Con A for the oligosaccharide side chains, and to differentiate between proteins
      with weak and those with high affinity for Con A. Concanavalin A has a high
      affinity for the four plant glycoproteins (phaseolin, phytohemagglutinin,
      jackbean alpha-mannosidase, and the glycosylated precursor of Con A) studied
      here. Incubation of the blots with alpha-mannosidase and endoglycosidase H (endo
      H) is used to demonstrate that the oligosaccharide chains can be degraded by
      glycosidases while the proteins are immobilized on the nitrocellulose. With this
      approach we show here that the four plant glycoproteins used as models in this
      study interact with Con A through high-mannose oligosaccharide side chains
      sensitive to alpha-mannosidase and endo H degradation.

PMID- 4073478
TI  - Improved biotinylation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase using active-site
      blocking agents.
AB  - Characteristics of the biotinylation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are
      presented. The enzyme is inactivated in the presence of N-hydroxysuccinimido
      biotin but can be protected by an appropriate concentration of NADPH used as an
      active-site blocker. A Ki of 1.6 +/- 1.0 microM calculated for NADPH for this
      protection shows it to be an active-site phenomena. Enzyme inactivation is
      irreversible with consistent kinetic results requiring the presence of 10 mM
      EDTA. An improved methodology was developed for biotinylation allowing 100%
      protection of the enzyme with loading factors up to 30.8 mol of biotin per
      enzyme.

PMID- 4073479
TI  - Quantitative molecular hybridization on nylon membranes.
AB  - A study of DNA hybridization to DNA covalently bound to nylon membranes was made
      in order to develop a quantitative method for molecular hybridization using a
      nylon-based matrix. Chloroplast DNA was covalently attached to nylon membranes by
      irradiation at 254 nm. Under hybridization conditions the initial rate of DNA
      loss from the nylon membranes was 5-10% per 24 h, while under comparable
      conditions DNA bound to nitrocellulose membranes was lost at a rate of 38 to 61%
      per 24 h. Several sets of hybridization conditions were examined to select one
      giving reasonable hybridization rates and minimal loss of bound DNA. Under the
      conditions selected [Denhardt's solution (D. Denhardt, 1966, Biochem. Biophys.
      Res. Commun. 23, 641-646), 0.5 M NaCl, 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 31.4%
      formamide at 50 degrees C for 92 h], hybridization was observed to be 29% more
      efficient on nylon membranes than on nitrocellulose. Several attempts to remove
      previously hybridized DNA from nylon membranes proved only partially successful.
      Reuse of the membranes, therefore, was of limited value. Quantitative
      hybridization of total radiolabeled tobacco cellular DNA to cloned tobacco
      chloroplast DNA attached to nylon yielded results similar to those previously
      reported using nitrocellulose membranes. However, use of nylon membranes greatly
      facilitated the manipulations required in the procedure.

PMID- 4073480
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for human type VI collagen and its application to tissue and
      body fluids.
AB  - A liquid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed for pepsin-solubilized human
      type VI collagen, allowing quantitative analysis of this protein down to a
      concentration of 3 ng/ml. No cross-reactivity was observed with human collagens
      type I, III, IV (triple helical portion and 7-S domain), and V, nor with laminin
      fragment Pl and plasma fibronectin. Significant amounts of closely related
      antigenic material were detected in serum, bile, ascites, and mesenchymal cell
      culture media. Type VI collagen could be completely solubilized from several
      tissues by a repeated pepsin digest, and its content as determined by RIA was
      found to be less than 0.1% of total collagen (55-70 micrograms/g protein). In
      fibrotic liver tissue type VI collagen was elevated up to 10-fold (620
      micrograms/g protein) when compared to normal liver. Sera of patients with
      fibrotic liver disease, however, revealed antigen levels usually below the narrow
      normal range of 22 +/- 7.8 ng/ml (mean +/- 2.5 SD). We conclude that, although
      type VI collagen represents a minor fraction of the interstitial collagens, its
      comparatively high serum levels point to a considerable turnover in the normal
      individual. Our data suggest that in fibrosis as exemplified in fibrotic liver
      disease, the metabolism of this collagen is down-regulated, while at the same
      time, it accumulates in the interstitial matrix.

PMID- 4073481
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunoreceptor assay of low-density-lipoprotein receptors.
AB  - A new modification of enzyme immunoassay-enzyme-linked-immunoreceptor assay
      (ELIRA) was used to study low-density lipoprotein (LDL) binding by cultured human
      skin fibroblasts. Time-course and concentration curves obtained by this method
      were typical of LDL binding by cultured fibroblasts. According to ELIRA,
      fibroblasts bound native LDL 10-20 times more effectively than reductively
      methylated LDL or native LDL in the presence of heparin. Receptor-specific Km and
      maximum binding capacity calculated from these data were 5.4 micrograms/ml and
      177.5 ng/mg of cell protein, respectively. Receptor-specific Km and maximum
      binding capacity for surface 125I-LDL binding measured in the same experiment
      were 11.0 micrograms/ml and 138.0 ng/mg of cell protein. Incubation of cells with
      isolated LDL or with unfractionated serum containing the same amount of apoB
      yielded similar concentration curves for lipoprotein binding. These data indicate
      that the ELIRA can be used for investigation of receptor-mediated lipoprotein
      binding without purification of lipoproteins.

PMID- 4073482
TI  - Capillary column gas-liquid chromatographic resolution of oxidized cholesterol
      derivatives.
AB  - Fused-silica capillary columns were evaluated for the resolution of oxidized
      cholesterol derivatives. Thermal instability of diol derivatives, epimeric 7
      alpha- and 7 beta-hydroxy, 4 beta-hydroxy, and 25-hydroxycholesterol, was
      observed during gas chromatography. After derivatization as trimethylsilyl ethers
      the foregoing diols, alpha-epoxide, cholestane-triol, 7-ketocholesterol, and
      cholesta-3,5-dien-7-one were completely resolved on a DB-1 column. Each oxidized
      sterol revealed excellent response linearity as the trimethylsilylated sterol,
      enabling reliable quantification. The identity of each derivatized sterol was
      confirmed by mass spectrometry.

PMID- 4073483
TI  - Determination of malondialdehyde by ion-pairing high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - A method for the analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA) by ion-pairing HPLC is
      described. The method is direct, no derivitization is required, and sample
      preparation is minimal. After removal of particulates, the samples are injected
      directly onto an octadecylsilane column which is eluted with 14% (v/v)
      acetonitrile in 50 mM myristyltrimethylammonium bromide. 1 mM phosphate, pH 6.8.
      Detection is accomplished by monitoring absorbance at 254 nm or for greater
      sensitivity at 267 nm. The lower limit for reliable quantitation is 5 pmol MDA
      and the dynamic range extends to at least 4 nmol MDA. The method has been applied
      to the quantitation of MDA production during microsomal lipid peroxidation and to
      an assessment of the stability of MDA in microsomal and urine samples.

PMID- 4073484
TI  - Determination of alpha-amanitin and beta-amanitin in human biological fluids by
      high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of alpha-amanitin and beta
      amanitin in human serum, urine, or stomach washings is described. Sample
      preparation involves a chemical step with deproteinization and organic solvent
      treatment, and a selective cleanup and concentration step on reversed-phase
      prepacked cartridges. Separations are performed on a reversed-phase analytical
      column under isocratic conditions with uv detection at 280 nm. The method allows
      the quantitation of alpha- and beta-amanitin separately with a detection limit of
      10 ng/ml for both toxins.

PMID- 4073485
TI  - Chloroplast biogenesis: quantitative determination of monovinyl and divinyl Mg
      protoporphyrins and protochlorophyll(ides) by spectrofluorometry.
AB  - General equations which permit the determination of the amounts of any two
      closely related fluorescent compounds which can be distinguished by 77 degrees K
      but not by 293 degrees K spectrofluorometry have been described. This was
      achieved in the presence or absence of a third interfering compound, without
      prior separation of the fluorescent species. The adaptation of the generalized
      equations to the determination of the amounts of monovinyl (MV) and divinyl (DV)
      Mg-protoporphyrins or of MV and DV protochlorophyll(ides) in the presence or
      absence of Mg-Protos [Mg-protoporphyrin IX (Mg-Proto), Mg-Proto monoester, Mg
      Proto diester or a mixture of those three tetrapyrroles] interference, was then
      demonstrated over a wide range of MV/DV tetrapyrrole proportions. These equations
      are likely to be very useful for the study of the intermediary metabolism of the
      monovinyl and divinyl chlorophyll biosynthetic routes in plants.

PMID- 4073486
TI  - Construction of up-and-down temperature-jump apparatus.
AB  - A fast up-and-down temperature-jump apparatus whose dead time is about 60 ms was
      constructed. The principle of the method is to let the sample solution flow to
      the observation cell through a capillary in a heat-exchange chamber. Bubbling and
      cavitation effects in the observation cell at large up or down temperature jumps
      were eliminated by application of a nitrogen gas pressure of 2-5 bar. The down
      temperature-jump method is especially effective for measuring temperature-induced
      conformational transitions of biopolymers and their assemblies.

PMID- 4073487
TI  - Analytical evaluation of the purity of commercial preparations of Cibacron Blue
      F3GA and related dyes.
AB  - The composition and purity of three commercial preparations of the widely used
      affinity chromatography ligand Cibacron Blue F3GA have been evaluated by TLC and
      by paired-ion reversed-phase HPLC and were found to contain several chromophoric
      species. Stepwise synthesis of the reported dye structure showed that only one
      commercial preparation contained any actual Cibacron Blue F3GA, and that it was
      present only in minor amounts. In all three preparations the major component
      appears to be the dichlorotriazinyl precursor of Cibacron Blue F3GA. Commercial
      samples of the related dyes Procion Blue MX-3G and Procion Blue MX-R are also
      highly heterogeneous. In addition, our experiments suggest that TLC results must
      be evaluated carefully to ensure that catalytic surface activity of alumina and
      silica has not created ghost bands.

PMID- 4073488
TI  - A spectrophotometric determination of cyanate using reaction with 2-aminobenzoic
      acid.
AB  - A specific method has been devised for the assay of cyanate, based on the
      reaction with 2-aminobenzoic acid. Cyclization of the product in 6 N HCl results
      in the formation of 2,4(1H,3H)-quinazolinedione. Cyanate content of the samples
      can be measured by their absorbances at 310 nm. Alternatively, the second
      derivatives of the spectra can be recorded; the peak-to-peak height between the
      first maximum (330 nm) and the first minimum (317 nm) was shown to be
      proportional to the cyanate content. This method is suitable for the estimation
      of cyanate in aqueous solutions in the concentration range 0.01 to 2 mM. When
      added to blood plasma, cyanate could be detected down to 0.1 mM.

PMID- 4073489
TI  - Measurement of plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate by combination of an enzymatic assay
      with high-performance liquid chromatography/electrochemistry.
AB  - An assay method for the determination of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) in plasma
      is presented. The procedure is rapid and requires only a small volume. The method
      includes PLP-dependent enzymatic decarboxylation of L-tyrosine to tyramine
      (enzyme used: L-tyrosine apodecarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.25) from Streptococcus
      faecalis) and measurement of tyramine by high-performance liquid chromatography
      with electrochemical detection. This technique confers specificity, rapidity, and
      low-cost measurement. Human plasma PLP from 30 normal healthy adults had a mean
      value of 65.10 +/- 4.70 nM. Sensitivity of the reaction was 1.3 nM and the
      coefficient of variation of the method (30 repeated assays of sample with a value
      of 60 nM) was 1.9%.

PMID- 4073490
TI  - The effects of oxidation on the reverse-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography characteristics of the high mobility groups 1 and 2 proteins.
AB  - Ion-pair reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography is a quick and
      convenient method for obtaining essentially pure preparations of the HMG (high
      mobility group)-1 and HMG-2 proteins if dithiothreitol is added to the eluted HMG
      protein fractions to prevent oxidation and their subsequent altered migration on
      acid-urea polyacrylamide gels. Unexpectedly, we found that this chromatographic
      separation technique can resolve the oxidized and reduced forms of both HMG-1 and
      HMG-2 proteins. We show that oxidized HMG-1 and -2 protein subfractions are
      responsible for some, but by no means all, of the HMG-1 and -2 protein
      heterogeneity previously reported by Elton and Reeves (2). At least two different
      HMG-1 protein species (one major and one minor) and at least four different HMG-2
      protein species (two major and two minor) are consistently found in fully reduced
      "enriched" HMG-1 and -2 pig thymus protein preparations.

PMID- 4073491
TI  - N,N'-Bis(4-azidobenzoyl)cystine--a cleavable photoaffinity reagent.
AB  - A water-soluble, cleavable, heterobifunctional photoaffinity label has been
      synthesized in one step from N-hydroxysuccinimidyl 4-azidobenzoate and cystine.
      The resultant compound, N,N'-bis(4-azidobenzoyl) cystine [(ABC)2], reacts with
      protein sulfhydryl groups through disulfide exchange to generate photoactive
      derivatives. Since [35S]cystine of high specific activity is readily available,
      it is possible to produce highly radioactive (ABC)2. ABC-derivatized ovalbumin is
      antigenic in vivo, and monoclonal antibodies specific for ABC have been produced.
      The antigen binding site of these antibodies was covalently labeled with ABC.

PMID- 4073492
TI  - Rapid preparation of highly purified human transferrin.
AB  - A rapid, two-step purification for human transferrin using DEAE-Sephacel
      chromatography followed by phenyl-boronate affinity chromatography is described.
      The method gives a 70% yield and isolates transferrin of over 97% purity which is
      hemopexin-free. The remaining protein is due to a single contaminant which may be
      the glycosylated form of albumin.

PMID- 4073493
TI  - A radiochemical assay for acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase.
AB  - A sensitive radiochemical assay is described for the assay of acetoacetyl-CoA
      synthetase activity in cytosolic extracts. Enzyme activity is measured by the
      incorporation of 14C from acetoacetate into acetyl carnitine as mediated by
      acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase, endogenous acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, and exogenous
      carnitine acetyl transferase. Separation of 14C-labeled reactants from 14C
      labeled acetyl carnitine is achieved by cation-exchange chromatography. The assay
      is sensitive with less than 10 pmol of product readily detected. Acetoacetyl-CoA
      synthetase activity was measured in human fibroblasts, 0.12 nmol min-1 mg
      cytosolic protein-1, and was found to be more than two orders of magnitude below
      the activity level of acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase in rat liver cytosol, 18.4 nmol
      min-1 mg cytosolic protein-1. An HPLC method is also described for the
      purification of [3-14C]acetoacetate.

PMID- 4073494
TI  - Measurement of DNA-protein crosslinks in mammalian cells without X-irradiation.
AB  - To study the mechanisms of formation and repair of DNA-protein crosslinks in
      mammalian cells, the best general method to assay these lesions is the Kohn
      membrane alkaline elution procedure. Use of this sensitive technique requires the
      introduction of random strand breaks in the DNA by X-irradiation to reduce the
      very high molecular weight so that it elutes off the filter at an appropriate
      rate. This report describes an alternative method for fragmenting the DNA in the
      absence of X-irradiation equipment. Convenient reproducible elution rates of DNA
      from various mouse and human cells in culture without X-irradiation result from
      elution through polyvinyl chloride filters with 75 mM sodium hydroxide (0.33
      ml/min) instead of the standard 20 mM EDTA-tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, pH 12.2
      (0.03 to 0.04 ml/min). Dose-dependent retardation of the DNA elution was observed
      over the range 0 to 30 microM trans-platinum(II)diamminedichloride, and
      proteinase K treatment during cell lysis restored the elution rate to that of the
      untreated control cell DNA. In the absence of X-irradiation, this elution method
      measures DNA-protein crosslinks with higher sensitivity and equivalent
      reproducibility as the air-burst procedure.

PMID- 4073495
TI  - Electrophoretic separation of histones and high-mobility-group proteins on acid
      urea-Triton gels.
AB  - The electrophoretic mobilities of calf thymus histones and high-mobility-group
      (HMG) nonhistone proteins were studied on a newly modified polyacrylamide gel
      containing acetic acid, urea, and the nonionic detergent Triton X-100 in
      combination with glycine in the electrode buffer. This gel system avoids stacking
      gel, photopolymerization of acrylamide, and preelectrophoresis. Under extremely
      low Triton concentrations some H3 variant forms (H3.1) were preferentially
      separated by their slower migration from bulk H3. Under increasing concentrations
      of Triton in the gel in the presence of 3 or 6 M urea, the mobilities of H2A.1,
      H3.2, H2A.2, H4, and H2B were sequentially retarded. The mobilities of H1 and
      HMGs remained virtually unchanged under all conditions. This gel system is able
      to resolve charge-modified histones.

PMID- 4073496
TI  - A simple method for separating unbound and bound cortisol in a radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A cortisol radioimmunoassay in which unbound cortisol is partitioned into the
      organic phase of a toluene: water scintillation fluid mix at 0 to 5 degrees C is
      described. Antibody-bound cortisol remained in the aqueous phase. Since liquid
      scintillation spectrometers detect photons generated from the [3H]cortisol only
      in the organic phase, the system effectively separates antibody bound from
      unbound [3H]cortisol. Regression coefficients including linear, quadratic, and
      cubic components of standard curves were between 0.980 and 0.999. Cross
      reactivity was 3% or less with 11 other steroids and cholesterol except for
      cortisone (16%) and prednisone (12%). Intra- and interassay coefficients of
      variation were 8 and 13%, respectively. The lower limit of sensitivity of the
      assay was 1.4 ng/ml. Recoveries of added mass averaged 97.5%. The correlation
      between concentrations of glucocorticoids assayed by competitive binding to dog
      plasma and the current procedure was 0.90. The assay procedure described
      simplifies separation of unbound from antibody-bound cortisol.

PMID- 4073497
TI  - Determination of estradiol 2- and 16 alpha-hydroxylase activities in rat liver
      microsomes using high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - We have developed a sensitive and nonradiometric assay of estradiol 2- and 16
      alpha-hydroxylase activities using reverse-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography with voltametric detector. The 2- and 16 alpha-hydroxylated
      estrogens produced by the incubation of estradiol with rat liver microsomes were
      initially separated into the catechol and phenolic fractions using a QAE-Sephadex
      A-25 borate column. The metabolites were detected in quantities as low as 0.5-1
      ng using 3-methoxy-1,3,5(10)-estratriene-2,16 alpha,17 beta-triol or 4
      hydroxyestrone 17-oxime as an internal standard. Apparent Km and Vmax of the 2-
      and 16 alpha-hydroxylases were 41.9 microM and 1.3 nmol/mg protein/min, and 82
      microM and 480 pmol/mg protein/min, respectively.

PMID- 4073498
TI  - Intrinsic fluorometric determination of the stable state of aggregation in
      hemoglobins.
AB  - Front-face fluorometry can detect steady-state intrinsic fluorescence of
      hemoglobins (R. E. Hirsch, R. S. Zukin, and R. L. Nagel, 1980, Biochem. Biophys.
      Res. Commun. 93, 432-439), a property that can be used to study the dimerization
      of human hemoglobins (R. E. Hirsch, N. A. Squires, C. Discepola, and R. L. Nagel,
      1983, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 116, 712-718). We report that the stable
      dimeric hemoglobin components of the arcid clams Noetia ponderosa and Anadara
      ovalis exhibit fluorescence emission maxima shifted to longer wavelengths
      compared to tetrameric human hemoglobin. Conversely, the tetrameric major
      hemoglobin (Hb) component of A. ovalis exhibits an emission maximum similar to
      that of tetrameric Hb A. Hence, stable dimeric hemoglobins can be detected by
      emission maxima at longer wavelengths relative to Hb A. Fluorescence studies of
      ligand binding to these clam hemoglobins indicate structural and functional
      differences among these components and compared to Hb A. We conclude that
      different stable aggregation states of hemoglobins may be determined by intrinsic
      fluorescence when studied with front-face optics.

PMID- 4073499
TI  - Determination of organic acids in seven wheat varieties by capillary gas
      chromatography.
AB  - Fresh wheat tops were extracted with acidic 90% ethanol, and the ethanol was
      evaporated and a portion of the aqueous residue loaded onto DEAE-Sephadex.
      Organic acids were eluted with pyridinium formate and then lyophilized and the
      dried residue was derivatized with 1% trimethylchlorosilane in
      bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide. The acids were then quantitatively
      determined using capillary gas chromatography and identified using capillary gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry. The acidic ethanol extraction of fresh plant
      tissue was quantitative for all acids except citric while losses in the remaining
      procedures were controlled by using an internal standard. The ion exchange
      chromatography made the greatest contribution to experimental error, imposing a
      minimum loading requirement of 0.1 mumol of each acid for adequate precision.
      Organic acid profiles were determined for seven wheat cultivars (Triticum
      aestivum cv Carazinho, Teal, Lance, Warigal, Isis, Maringa, and BH1146) grown on
      gravel in solution culture for 30 days. Profiles were simple, consisting of only
      malic, aconitic, and citric acids, with levels of each acid for all varieties
      falling within the range 2-5 mumol/g fresh tissue. Storage of samples led to a
      large increase in sampling error and increased the amount of extractable citric
      acid.

PMID- 4073500
TI  - A gel transfer tank for immunoblotting and its application for analysis of
      nuclear protein antigens.
AB  - The design of a gel transfer tank for immunoblotting is described. It is simple
      and cheap to make, provides a uniform field and uniform transfer over the whole
      area of the gel, and can easily be adapted for use with any size of gel. It has
      been used for transfer of proteins from both sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide and isoelectric focusing gels to nitrocellulose membranes and its
      application to the analysis of nuclear proteins is described.

PMID- 4073501
TI  - Synthesis of peptide fluoromethyl ketones and the inhibition of human cathepsin
      B.
AB  - Peptide fluoromethyl ketones have been synthesized for the first time. The
      inhibitor 3-(N-benzyloxycarbonylphenylalanylamido)-DL-1-fluoro-2-butanone (Z-Phe
      AlaCH2F) was found to be a 30-fold more potent inactivator of human cathepsin B
      than 3-(N-benzyloxycarbonylphenylalanylamido)-L-1-diazo-2-butanone (Z-Phe
      AlaCHN2), but less reactive than 3-(N-benzyloxycarbonylphenylalanylamido)-L-1
      chloro-2-butanone (Z-Phe-AlaCH2Cl). The fluoromethyl ketone's increased potency
      over the diazomethyl ketone is mainly due to its tighter binding to cathepsin B,
      with little difference between their respective k3 values. Both Z-Phe-AlaCHN2 and
      Z-Phe-AlaCH2F were quite stable to high concentrations of dithiothreitol, while Z
      Phe-AlaCH2Cl was rapidly destroyed by the thiol.

PMID- 4073502
TI  - Visualization method for sulfolipids and its application to the determination of
      nanomole quantities of lipid sulfur.
AB  - A simple and sensitive visualization method for sulfolipids on a thin-layer
      chromatogram is described. By spraying with an acidic solution of azure A, a
      complex was formed between an anionic sulfolipid and a blue cationic compound.
      After the unbound dye was washed out by brief soaking in methanol, sulfolipids
      were visualized as clear dark-blue bands on a light-blue background. As little as
      0.5 nmol could be detected. Sulfolipid-dye complex was estimated by densitometry
      or colorimetric measurement after extraction with chloroform/methanol. For the
      quantitative determination of sulfolipids having long sugar chains, it is
      necessary to treat thin-layer chromatography plates with acetic anhydride before
      color development. Of the other tissue lipids not containing sulfuric acid ester
      that were tested none were stained significantly. A linearity of quantitative
      determination was observed over the range of 1-8 nmol.

PMID- 4073503
TI  - Analysis of problems encountered in the determination of amino acid enantiomeric
      ratios by gas chromatography.
AB  - A previously described procedure for determining the enantiomeric ratios of amino
      acids has produced inconsistent results when determining relatively low (less
      than or equal to 0.110) D/L ratios. The method involves synthesis of
      diastereomeric N-trifluoroacetyl-L-prolyl-D/L-amino acid ester dipeptides which
      are resolved by gas chromatography (GC). We have found that triethylamine, which
      is added to maintain a basic pH during the coupling reaction, racemizes the
      chiral reagent N-trifluoroacetyl-L-prolyl chloride (TPC). Coupling of partially
      racemized TPC to D/L-amino acid esters results in the formation of four
      dipeptides (two pairs of enantiomers) instead of the expected two diastereomeric
      dipeptides. The enantiomeric dipeptides coelute on an achiral GC column,
      resulting in erroneous D/L ratios. More accurate D/L ratios are obtained by
      preparing the volatile N-trifluoroacetyl-D/L-amino acid isopropyl ester
      derivative which can be separated into its enantiomers on a chiral GC column such
      as the Chirasil-Val III (registered trademark of Applied Science Laboratories).

PMID- 4073504
TI  - Extractive acylation and mass spectrometric assay of 3-methoxytyramine,
      normetanephrine, and metanephrine in cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - The chemical analysis of 3-methoxytyramine, normetanephrine, and metanephrine in
      tissues, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid is complicated by the low levels in which
      they occur and the amphoteric nature of the functional groups, which hampers
      their isolation from aqueous media. In the present report, we describe a
      practical and simple method for the routine isolation and derivatization of 3
      methoxytyramine, normetanephrine, and metanephrine in high yield from aqueous
      samples like cerebrospinal fluid. The metabolites are simultaneously derivatized
      with pentafluoropropionic anhydride and extracted into an organic solvent. After
      further treatment with pentafluoropropionic anhydride under anhydrous conditions,
      the samples are ready for GC/MS analysis. The method is able to exploit the
      theoretical maximal sensitivity available in the electron capture negative-ion
      chemical ionization mode without any apparent losses during extraction and
      derivatization, giving limits of detection in the low picogram range. Mean levels
      of free 3-methoxytyramine, normetanephrine, and metanephrine in human
      cerebrospinal fluid were 3.77, 5.20, and 0.40 pmol/ml. Assay of pools of squirrel
      monkey, human, and canine cerebrospinal fluid with and without previous enzymatic
      hydrolysis demonstrated that the three metabolites occur predominantly in a
      conjugated form.

PMID- 4073505
TI  - Quantitative determination by derivative spectrophotometry of Triton X-100 in
      solubilized preparations of membrane proteins.
AB  - The amount of the nonionic detergent Triton X-100 in protein preparations cannot
      be determined spectrophotometrically from the normal spectrum because the
      spectral bands of the detergent and proteins overlap, but it was found that the
      detergent could be determined accurately by 4th-derivative spectrophotometry. The
      intensity of the derivative absorbance difference between the positive and
      negative peaks at about 277.5 and 281 nm, respectively, increased linearly with
      increase in the detergent concentration at more than its critical micelle
      concentration (about 0.03%). Proteins had little effect on these spectral bands
      of the detergent. This method is very simple and accurate for determination of
      the concentration of Triton X-100 in solubilized preparations of membrane
      proteins.

PMID- 4073506
TI  - A convenient S-2-aminoethylation of cysteinyl residues in reduced proteins.
AB  - The cysteinyl residues in proteins had been S-2-aminoethylated with ethylenimine
      quantitatively. However, ethylenimine is now listed as a carcinogen and is no
      longer commercially available. A method of converting cysteinyl residues to S-2
      aminoethyl derivatives quantitatively using 2-bromoethylamine under mild
      conditions was developed here.

PMID- 4073507
TI  - Determination of methionine sulfoxide in protein and food by hydrolysis with p
      toluenesulfonic acid.
AB  - Methionine sulfoxide in peptides and proteins was determined by use of 3 N p
      toluenesulfonic acid as a hydrolyzing agent. Samples were hydrolyzed at 110
      degrees C for 22 h in an evacuated sealed tube and analyzed for amino acid
      content. Amino acid analysis showed that the recovery of methionine sulfoxide
      from a synthetic peptide and its mixture with proteins was consistently better
      than 90%. The recovery of all other amino acids except tryptophan was complete,
      and was similar to that observed after hydrolysis with 6 N HCl. The presence of
      carbohydrates had no effect on the yield. Thus, the present procedure can be used
      for general and simultaneous determination of methionine sulfoxide as well as
      other amino acids in proteins.

PMID- 4073508
TI  - Determination of ascorbic acid with immobilized green zucchini ascorbate oxidase.
AB  - Ascorbate oxidase from zucchini squash was immobilized onto CH-Sepharose via
      carbodiimide. The properties of the immobilized enzyme were found to be similar
      to those of the free ascorbate oxidase. The immobilized enzyme was utilized in a
      flow-through system equipped with a polarographic detector which monitors the
      oxygen depletion due to the reaction ascorbic acid + 1/2 O2----dehydroascorbic
      acid + H2O. This method, the response of which is linear between 3 X 10(-7) and 5
      X 10(-4) M ascorbate, was utilized to measure the ascorbic acid in biological
      samples such as human plasma and fruit juices at a rate of about 60
      determinations every hour with a standard deviation lower than 5%.

PMID- 4073509
TI  - Automation of 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue dye-binding assay for sulfated
      glycosaminoglycans with application to cartilage microcultures.
AB  - The 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue dye-binding assay for sulfated glycosaminoglycans
      has been modified and adapted for use on a Technicon autoanalyzer. The assay was
      linear for chondroitin sulfate from 2.5 to 500 micrograms/ml and used only 2.5
      microliters sample. Interference by salts and solvents commonly used in
      proteoglycan research was minimal and could be compensated for by using standards
      in the appropriate solvent. High concentrations of albumin and serum interfered
      strongly but most of the inhibition could be overcome by papain digestion.

PMID- 4073510
TI  - Quantitative determination of methylamines using microelectrodes.
AB  - A new method for measuring methylamino compounds such as choline, trimethylamine,
      trimethylamine-N-oxide, betaine, L-carnitine, and dimethylamine is described. A
      glass microelectrode is used to quantify methylamines in concentrations ranging
      from 0.1 to 10.0 mM. Rapid time response and a good sensitivity are maintained by
      the microelectrode even when measurements are performed in solutions having high
      ionic strength and low pH. These characteristics make this assay suitable for use
      with conventional column chromatographic techniques of separation for these
      methylamines.

PMID- 4073511
TI  - Photochemical crosslinking of protein and DNA in chromatin. II. Synthesis and
      application of psoralen-cystamine-arylazido photocrosslinking reagents.
AB  - The synthesis and testing of a new type of nucleic acid-protein photocrosslinking
      reagent is described. The reagents are composed of a psoralen ligand for nucleic
      acid photoattachment, which is linked to an azidobenzoyl group, for protein
      photoattachment. The linker contains a disulfide bridge which can be opened by
      reduction with mercaptans. The reagents were tested in a chromatin system, where
      it was found that they induced cleavable crosslinks between the histones and the
      DNA upon irradiation with long-wavelength ultraviolet light (lambda greater than
      300 nm).

PMID- 4073512
TI  - Determination of arsenic and selenium in fat materials and petroleum products by
      oxygen bomb combustion and automated atomic absorption spectrometry with hydride
      generation.

PMID- 4073513
TI  - Detection of thioethers of pharmaceutical importance by liquid chromatography
      with on-line generated bromine.

PMID- 4073514
TI  - Piezoelectric crystal detector for the monitoring of ozone in working
      environments.

PMID- 4073515
TI  - Thermally assisted fast atom bombardment: a new approach toward optimization of
      analyses by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.

PMID- 4073516
TI  - Supercritical fluid chromatography of polar drugs using small-particle packed
      columns with mass spectrometric detection.

PMID- 4073517
TI  - Methods for the quantitative determination of multiple, specific polychlorinated
      dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran isomers in human adipose tissue in the parts
      per-trillion range. An interlaboratory study.

PMID- 4073518
TI  - Tandem quadrupole-Fourier transform mass spectrometry of oligopeptides.

PMID- 4073519
TI  - [The dentoalveolar junction].
AB  - A short survey on experiments carried out on human, dogs and models is presented.
      Special attention is paid to the periodontium. Registered deformation phenomena
      hint that the dentoalveolar system behaves as a reciprocally acting different
      elastic unit. This can be interpreted taking into account the mechanics of an
      anisotropic deformable matter. When the tooth is loaded, collagenous fibres of
      the periodontium are secondary activated to traction, in the course of which the
      fibrae alveolodentales apicales block dislocation of the apex radicis and not--as
      supposed in the past--getting out of the tooth from its alveolus.

PMID- 4073521
TI  - [Tooth homology in mammals].
AB  - The development of the chewing, lacerative and omnivorous dentition type was
      confirmed on the base of the author's studies on the dentition of placentalia
      representatives. The use of vegetable food by the rodents and herbivorous mammals
      induces an efficient development of molars, absence or reduced number of incisors
      and canines of the upper jaw and increased number of incisors and absence of
      canines of the lower jaw, resulting into the proposal of an alteration of the
      dentition formula for rabbits and for the rest of the rodents (Simplicidentata),
      for herbivorous and for horses. In beasts of prey, besides the efficient
      development of the canines, a transition of the premolars and certain molars into
      laceratives is found. In omnivorous mammals, together with the efficient
      development of canines, an efficient development of molars and premolars as
      chewing teeth is also established.

PMID- 4073520
TI  - Structural and functional adaptation of the pulpal nerve fibers in the rat
      incisor.
AB  - Special fine structure of the pulpal nerve fibers adapted to the continuously
      growing incisor was studied on 20 rats (25-d-old-males) electron microscopically
      and was compared with that of the molars of limited growth. The incisal pulp was
      innervated by 2 kinds of the nerve fibers derived from the cervical sympathetic
      and the trigeminal ganglia: polyaxonal unmyelinated and monoaxonal myelinated. In
      the apical pulp, however, the pulpal nerve fibers were unmyelinated, showing 3
      different profiles in the fine structure: 1. polyaxonal, 2. polyaxonal with dial
      plate-like profile and 3. monoaxonal. The monoaxonal unmyelinated fiber reflected
      the transverse profile of the unmyelinated part of the myelinated axon derived
      from the trigeminal ganglion. It can be concluded that the pulpal nerve fibers
      derived from the trigeminal ganglion maintain the immatured nature in the apical
      proliferating pulp to adapt to the continuous growth of the incisor.

PMID- 4073522
TI  - Further observations on the presence of wandering phagocytes within the
      teleostean retina.
AB  - A previous report by this author has noted the presence of wandering phagocytes
      at the photo-receptor-retinal epithelial interface in five teleostean species. A
      further 5 species have now been investigated by electron microscopy and again all
      specimens examined consistently show the presence of this population of
      phagocytes. The new species studied are the goldeye (Hiodon alosoides), the
      yellow eel (Anguilla anguilla), the archer fish (Toxotes jaculatrix), the
      goldfish (Carassius auratus) and the burbot (Lota lota). A population of ameboid
      phagocytes appears to be a normal feature of the teleostean retina. In some
      species (i.e., the goldeye and the goldfish) the phagocytes were extremely
      numerous and could be located in groups of 20-25. In addition, preliminary
      experiments with the goldfish have shown that these wandering phagocytes undergo
      a cyclic pattern to show changes in both morphology and location dependent upon
      environmental lighting.

PMID- 4073523
TI  - [Need for new anatomic terminology in spleen anatomy].
AB  - On the basis of previous anatomical studies in which the segmental structure of
      human spleen was proven, the author recommends to supply the Nomina Anatomica
      with the following terms: Segmenta lienalia, segmentum polare anterius et
      posterius, segmenta interposita, ramus lienalis posterior et anterior (arteriae
      lienalis), rami segmentales.

PMID- 4073524
TI  - [The vesical medial artery, Rauch 1963, of the dog (Canis familiaris)].
AB  - The Authors study 30 adult dogs from both sexes, on the "vesical medial artery-
      Rauch, 1963" injected with latex through the aorta. They conclude that: 1--the
      vessel should be named "ventral vesical artery"; 2--it is a sharply defined
      structure and can't be confused with the "inferior" or "caudal vesical artery"; 3
      -emerging from the deep femoral artery (A. profunda femoris), caudal epigastric
      artery (A. epigastrica caudalis), or from the pudendoepigastric trunk (Truncus
      pudendoepigastricus), the "ventral vesical artery" appeared bilaterally (6.66%);
      unilaterally to the right (13.33%) and unilaterally to the left (3.33%); 4--when
      present, the "ventral vesical artery" supplies the ventral area of the bladder
      (Vesica urinaria) and regional fat, and eventually, gives a few branches to the
      prostate gland and urethra.

PMID- 4073525
TI  - [Proportions of the femur and humerus in relation to bone length].
AB  - Taking as a starting point the known fact that the vertical proportions of man
      are dependent upon stature, a study has been made to investigate if the relations
      between individual segments of long tubular bones are also dependent upon overall
      bone length. For these investigations, use was made of 356 human femurs of
      unknown sex, which were obtained from the bone collection of the Institute of
      Anatomy (Kurp 1979), and 70 human humeri of known sex (Kropf 1979), which were
      obtained from the Institute of Forensic Medicine and Criminology, Karl Marx
      University at Leipzig, and which had already been measured in connection with
      problems of forensic osteology. There were established relations between defined
      partial lengths, with the most suitable ones being selected and represented
      graphically. The severity of relationship was additionally determined by means of
      correlation and regression analyses, respectively. It was possible to show that
      the relative proportion of segment no. 4 (distance between the proximal point of
      the intercondylar fossa of the femur and the distal point of the medial condyle
      of the femur) and segment no. 5 (distance between the proximal point of the
      greater trochanter and the midpoint of the lesser trochanter) constantly
      decreases with the overall length of the femur. The quotient of diaphysial size
      and bone length decreases as the length of the humerus increases. The proportion
      of compacta in the total cross-sectional area in the mid-diaphysis becomes
      greater and greater as the length of the humerus increases. The total cross
      sectional area and the compacta cross-section area in the middle of the humeral
      diaphysis tend to change with the overall bone length in that longer female and
      male humeri have larger total cross-sectional and compacta cross-section areas
      than shorter humeri of the same sex.

PMID- 4073526
TI  - [Changes in the fine structure of the masseter muscle as affected by unilateral
      occlusal disorders].
AB  - Biopsy specimens from the masseter muscle of the miniature pig "Mini-LEWE" were
      analysed histochemically before and after unilateral occlusal disturbances. The
      percentages of different fibre types and the cross-sectional area of fibres were
      determined with the myosin-ATPase reaction after acid preincubation. The
      capillary membranes were visualized by means of modified PAS-reaction. There was
      demonstrated a significant increase from the percentage portion of ST-fibre
      types, especially of the side of occlusal disturbance, under experimental
      conditions. This indicates an increased isometric contraction of the masseter
      muscle. The size of FT-fibre types and the capillarity increase significantly on
      the side without occlusal disturbances, due to the dislocation of the masticatory
      efforts to this side. The masseter muscle fine structure is shown to be adapted
      good to the disturbed functional conditions. No significant side differences were
      found in the dry mass of the masticatory muscles, at the end of experiments.

PMID- 4073527
TI  - Ratio of pyramidal cells versus non-pyramidal cells in sector CA1 of the human
      Ammon's horn.
AB  - Combined Golgi/pigment studies revealed that pyramidal neurons and non-pyramidal
      cells of the Ammon's horn of the human adult can be distinguished from each other
      by their characteristic lipofuscin pigment deposits. In sector CA1, both the
      typical pyramidal neurons and the modified forms of pyramidal cells contain a
      modest amount of fine lipofuscin granules while non-pyramidal cells are either
      pigment-laden or devoid of lipofuscin deposits. Strips running through the whole
      depth of the pyramidal cell layer and the stratum oriens of CA1 were examined and
      all nucleolated nerve cells present within these strips were classified and
      counted (16 brains, age range from 28 to 69 years). Of the 18,510 neurons
      classified, 16,765 were pyramidal cells, including their modified versions, and
      1,745 were non-pyramidal cells. The pyramidal cells, accordingly, were intermixed
      with 9.4 +/- 1.0% non-pyramidal neurons. The data presented provide a basis for
      investigation of the aging and diseased human brain.

PMID- 4073528
TI  - Development of rib-vertebrae: a new mutation in the house mouse with accessory
      caudal duplications.
AB  - The new recessive mutation rib-vertebrae (rv) causes fusions of lower ribs and
      malformations of vertebrae, which results from disturbed somite arrangement. In
      addition, duplications of the caudal neural tube and sometimes unilateral
      suppression of kidney formation can be observed. The new mutation is compared
      with the six already known mutations in mice with "Wirbel-Rippen-Syndrome" and
      with a similar syndrome in man. From the various effects of the rv-gene observed,
      it is suggested that the gene causes abnormal inner and outer surface formation,
      producing manifold secondary effects.

PMID- 4073529
TI  - The volume of the carotid body and periadventitial type I and type II cells in
      the carotid bifurcation region of the fetal cat and kitten.
AB  - The bilateral distribution of carotid body type I cells was investigated in 6
      fetuses (gestational age 95%) and 9 newborn kittens (aged 1 day to 4 days) by
      serially sectioning the carotid bifurcation regions. In most specimens type I
      cells occurred in close proximity to the wall of the occipital artery or one of
      its small proximal branches within a division of connective tissue with definable
      but irregular borders. This combination of type I cells and connective tissue
      constituted the principal mass of the carotid body. Using an interacting image
      analysis system, the area of the carotid body in each serial section was measured
      by accurately contouring its perimeter. The volume of the carotid body was
      calculated by multiplying the sum of the areas of the serial sections by the
      thickness of the section. The volume of the carotid body was 0.052 +/- 0.018 mm3
      in the fetuses and 0.025-0.117 mm3 in the 1-4 day old kittens. A degree of
      symmetry in the values for the volume of the right and left carotid body was
      found. Caudally, and separate from the principal mass of carotid body type I
      cells, isolated groups of periadventitial type I cells were noted in the
      connective tissues around the occipito-ascending pharyngeal trunk, origin of the
      occipital artery and rostral end of the common carotid artery in 7 out of 12
      specimens from fetal cats and 11 out of 18 specimens in newborn kittens. The
      volumes of the periadventitial groups of cells ranged between 25-1,365 micron3 in
      fetuses and 10-1,351 micron3 in kittens.

PMID- 4073530
TI  - Relationships between synaptic junctions, puncta adhaerentia and the spine
      apparatus at neocortical axo-spinous synapses. A serial section study.
AB  - A total of 80 cotical axo-spinous synaptic junctions were reconstructed from
      serial sections and about 100,000 were analyzed in single sections. Special
      attention was paid to the occurrence of puncta adhaerentia associated with
      perforated, annulate or horseshoe-shaped (= complex) synaptic junctions and to
      the presence and proximity of the spine apparatus. Further evidence is presented
      that the spine apparatus has no relationship to simple (round or oval) synaptic
      specializations, but is present in association with at least 91% of complex
      junctions. The spine apparatus points towards the punctum adhaerens which in at
      least 71% of cases seems to be an integral part of the complex synapse. Direct
      continuity was found between the dense material of the spine apparatus and the
      punctum adhaerens. It is suggested, in accordance with other recent studies, that
      expansion of the synaptic active zone occurs by the addition and transformation
      of puncta adhaerentia. The spine apparatus may participate in this dynamic
      process as a possible donor of specific postsynaptic proteins.

PMID- 4073531
TI  - The elasmobranch kidney. I. Gross anatomy and general distribution of the
      nephrons.
AB  - The morphology of the little skate (Raja erinacea) and spiny dogfish shark
      (Squalus acanthias) nephron has been investigated in sexually mature females by
      1) gross observations of the kidney surfaces, 2) vascular injections, 3) scanning
      electron microscopy, 4) light microscopy. In the little skate, each nephron is
      highly complex and begins at the urinary pole of the renal corpuscle, which is
      located between a thin, dorsal bundle zone and a thicker, ventral sinus zone. The
      nephron loops back and forth, repeatedly entering and exiting each zone. In the
      bundle zone, segments from each nephron form a bundle of 5 tubules (tubular
      bundle) which are arranged in a countercurrent loop fashion. A peritubular sheath
      composed of closely packed, squamous cells wraps the 5 nephron segments of the
      tubular bundle together and separates each bundle from the next. In the sinus
      zone the tubules from many nephrons mix freely with each other in large blood
      sinuses. In the spiny dogfish, the nephron displays a complex pattern similar to
      that of the skate. Renal corpuscles are adjacent to a bundle zone composed of
      tubular bundles, each wrapped by a peritubular sheath in a cell-rich connective
      tissue matrix. However, the bundle zone is not limited to the dorsal region of
      the shark kidney but extends ventrally along deep interlobular septa. The sinus
      zone of the shark is like that of the skate except that it is not limited to the
      ventral regions of the kidney.

PMID- 4073532
TI  - Neurons and terminals in the retrohippocampal region in the rat's brain
      identified by anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase
      immunocytochemistry.
AB  - The distribution of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) containing nerve cells and
      terminals was studied at the light and electron microscopic levels in the
      retrohippocampal region of the rat by using anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase
      (GAD) and anti-GABA antibodies in immunocytochemistry. Large numbers of GAD and
      GABA stained cells were found in all retrohippocampal structures. At the
      ultrastructural level, the immunoreactivity against GABA and against the
      synthesizing enzyme GAD was localized to cytoplasmic structures, including loose
      clumps of rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomal arrays, outer mitochondrial
      surfaces and in axonal boutons. The GAD- and GABA-immunoreactive(-i) cells were
      found in all subfields of the retrohippocampal region (e.g., the subicular
      complex, the entorhinal area). Within the entorhinal area a slightly larger
      number of immunoreactive cells could be detected in layers II and III than in the
      other layers. In the subiculum, pre- and parasubiculum the GAD and GABA-i cells
      were present in relatively large numbers in all layers, except the molecular
      layer, which contained only a small number of GABA cells. Within the entorhinal
      area, GAD and GABA stained cells ranged in size from small (13 micron in
      diameter) to large (22 micron in diameter). A large number of different
      morphological classes of cells were found, except pyramidal and stellate cells.
      In the pre- and parasubiculum, on the other hand, the GABA cells were generally
      small to medium in size and morphologically more homogeneous than in the
      subiculum and entorhinal area. The entire retrohippocampal region was densely
      innervated by GABA preterminal processes, with little variation in the regional
      density of innervation. Within the entorhinal area, presubiculum and subiculum, a
      clear difference was found in the laminar pattern of innervation. In all three
      subfields the densest innervation was in layer II. In the entorhinal area both
      GAD- and GABA-i axons form palisades of fibers around the somata of neurons,
      which are tightly packed together in this layer. In the electron microscope both
      GAD-i and GABA-i were demonstrated in these axons. Axosomatic synaptic contacts
      were common between axons and the stellate neurons and other cells of this layer.
      Layers IV and VI appeared less dense in GAD-i terminals but appeared more densely
      innervated than layers III and V. The lamina dessicans was relatively poor in GAD
      i. In the subiculum and presubiculum, as well as all other subfields of the
      hippocampal region, the innervation is dominated by axo-somatic innervation of
      layer II cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4073533
TI  - The fetal vascularisation of term human placental villi. I. Peripheral stem
      villi.
AB  - The fetal vascularisation of the most peripheral three generations of stem villi
      has been studied by means of semithin serial sectioning and scanning electron
      microscopy of vessel casts in 50 human term placentas. The vessel types have been
      classified according to the structure of the vessel walls. Stem villi with a
      diameter of 200-400 microns are characterized by one smaller artery and one small
      vein, some arterioles and venules and capillaries of the paravascular net. Stem
      villi of about 150 microns diameter contain arterioles and muscular venules
      besides the paravascular capillary network. The last generation of stem villi
      measuring 80 to 100 microns in diameter exhibit a terminal arteriole and a
      collecting venule as well as up to ten paravascular capillaries. The luminal
      width of the arterial and venous stem vessels is considerably smaller than
      described for other vascular beds. This may partly be due to postpartal
      vascoconstriction. The capillaries of the paravascular net normally to not show
      sinusoidal dilation. They are arranged as long, hairpin-like, poorly branched
      loops connecting the arterial and venous stem vessels to each other.

PMID- 4073534
TI  - Postnatal development of the telencephalon of the tammar wallaby (Macropus
      eugenii). An accessible model of neocortical differentiation.
AB  - The sequence of development of cell layers in the neocortex of the tammar has
      been followed from 24 days gestation to 213 days postnatal. The tammar is born at
      27 days gestation and the major period of its development occurs during the
      subsequent 250 days, most of this time being spent within the pouch. Although the
      pattern of differentiation of the cell layers appears to resemble that described
      for many Eutherian mammals, the neocortex is at an embryonic 2 layered stage at
      birth and a cortical plate is not present throughout the telencephalon until 10
      15 days postnatal. A transient subplate zone, presenting a characteristic
      appearance with widely spaced rows of cells aligned parallel to the cortical
      surface, develops between 20 and 70 days postnatal, but no secondary
      proliferative region is seen in the subventricular zone of the dorso-lateral
      wall. Preliminary experiments with (3H)-thymidine injections indicate that the
      cortical plate follows the "inside-out" pattern of development described in many
      Eutherian mammals and that the oldest neurons are found in the parallel cell rows
      of the subplate zone. The importance of the late differentiation of the neocortex
      in relation to the time of birth and the resulting usefulness of the tammar as an
      experimental model of cortical development is discussed.

PMID- 4073536
TI  - Morphological studies on the distribution of enamel matrix proteins using routine
      electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas in the rat incisor.
AB  - Enamel contains two categories of biochemically characterized proteins.
      Amelogenins are dissociated from enamel without physical disruption of the tissue
      whereas enamelins are obtained only when the crystallites are dissolved.
      Ultrastructural visualization of these proteins was attempted using routine
      electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. Fresh, fixed, and 4.0 M
      guanidine-HCl-extracted samples of enamel from the secretory (young) and
      maturation (maturing) stages were compared. Decalcified and stained thin sections
      of fixed enamel revealed intercrystallite particulate material and "crystallite
      ghosts" which were identical to the crystallites themselves in young enamel and
      which corresponded to the periphery of the crystallites in maturing enamel. In
      contrast, 4.0 M guanidine-extracted enamel contained no intercrystallite
      particulate material but only "crystallite ghosts." Globular particles observed
      in freeze-fracture replicas of fresh and fixed enamel samples were also removed
      by 4.0 M guanidine extraction. Incubation of guanidine-extracted enamel with
      albumin and ovalbumin solutions restored the globular particles. It was concluded
      that amelogenins are the nonstructural, heterodispersed particulate material in
      the intercrystallite space. Enamelins constitute the integral template protein
      which initially provides for elongation of enamel crystallites. They then
      regulate the continuous growth in width and thickness during maturation and are
      progressively displaced to the periphery. The illusion that these "protein
      ghosts" are contained within the crystallite profile can be explained by the
      parallelepiped shape of the crystallite segment in thin sections.

PMID- 4073535
TI  - Distribution of skeletofusimotor axons in lumbrical muscles of the monkey.
AB  - The nerve supply to 25 poles of muscle spindles in the monkey was reconstructed
      by light microscopy of serial 1-micron thick transverse sections of lumbrical
      muscles. Twenty of 60 motor axons that supplied the spindle poles were identified
      as skeletofusimotor (beta). Twenty-eight percent of the spindle poles were
      innervated by beta axons, in addition to gamma axons. Every beta-innervated
      spindle pole transected an endplate zone of extrafusal muscle. Most beta axons
      coinnervated extrafusal fibers rich in mitochondria and the nuclear bag1 or
      nuclear chain intrafusal fibers. All but two beta axons innervated one type of
      intrafusal fiber only. The intramuscular organization of beta motor system in
      lumbrical muscles of the monkey was similar to that of the cat tenuissimus
      muscle. The function of beta-innervated spindles may be preferentially to monitor
      mechanical disturbances arising from the activity of extrafusal muscle units with
      which they share motor innervation.

PMID- 4073537
TI  - A possible mechanism of partial twinning in a calf.
AB  - A two-headed calf had doubled heads and necks, externally normal forelimbs and
      thorax, incompletely doubled hearts and lungs, and a persistent sinus venosus,
      with abnormal pulmonary and systemic circulation. Study of the specimen indicated
      that partial twinning involved the development of the notochord as an anteriorly
      branched structure, with retention of the single condition posteriorly. It is
      proposed that anteroposterior compression of the embryonic disk could have
      induced the formation of double notochords. The way in which compression was
      produced is suggested.

PMID- 4073538
TI  - A study of the position of the mandibular foramen in the adult human mandible.
AB  - Eighty dry, adult human mandibles of East Indian ethnic origin and bilateral
      eruption of third molar teeth were examined to measure the location of the
      mandibular foramen. The position of the foramen was found to be variable.
      However, the foramen was predominantly located at the anteroposterior midpoint of
      the ramus halfway between the mandibular notch and the lower surface of the
      mandible and two thirds of the way down a line joining the coronoid process to
      the angle of the mandible. In the majority of the mandibles studied the foramen
      was located below the occlusal surfaces of the molar teeth. It is concluded that
      the marked variability in the position of the mandibular foramen may be
      responsible for an occasional failure to block the inferior alveolar nerve.

PMID- 4073539
TI  - The vascular supply of the rat tympanic membrane.
AB  - The vascular supply of the rat tympanic membrane (TM) was studied by means of
      otomicroscopy, angiography, acrylic casts, and light microscopy. The branches of
      the external carotid artery in the external auditory meatus were found to
      vascularize 1) the pars flaccida, 2) the manubrial part of the pars tensa, and 3)
      the junction between the fibrocartilaginous ring of the TM and the tympanic
      sulcus of the temporal bone. The TM vessels of areas 1 and 2 were found beneath
      the squamous epithelium, close to mast cells and nerve bundles. Vessels
      originating from the tympanic cavity (also probably emanating from the external
      carotid artery) supplied the periphery of the pars tensa with minute branches,
      localized immediately beneath the tympanal epithelium. The portion of the pars
      tensa between the manubrial part and the periphery lacked a vascular system. Upon
      mechanical stimulation (gentle pressure on the handle of the malleus), the
      normally visible vessels dilated and minute branches appeared. This dilation may
      be caused, at least partly, by a release of vasoactive substances from mast cells
      and/or nerves in its vicinity. Even under mechanical stimulation, a large portion
      of the pars tensa seemed to be devoid of vessels. The nutrition of this part may
      be served by diffusion, with nutrients originating from the vessels in the
      tympanal rim and along the handle of the malleus. The architecture of the
      attachment of the fibrocartilaginous ring to the bony sulcus of the temporal bone
      is quite unique. Thus, the flow in the dense vascular network between these
      structures may be affected by an altered tension in the pars tensa.

PMID- 4073540
TI  - Occurrence of cardiac muscle in the hepatic portal vein wall of the mouse and
      rat.
AB  - Cardiac myocytes have been shown to occur in the tunica media and adventitia at
      the region near the hepatic end of the portal vein of the mouse and rat, and have
      been studied by electron microscopy in the mouse portal vein. They measured 3-10
      microns in breadth at their nuclear level, possessed centrally located nuclei,
      and were connected with each other by the intercalated disk. In these myocytes in
      the mouse portal vein, sarcoplasmic reticulum was represented by a rather simple
      and loose network of the anastomosing tubules. The membrane-bound granules, which
      closely resemble the atrial specific granules, were found in many of the mouse
      portal vein myocytes. Transverse tubules, 40-200 nm in diameter, were sometimes
      detectable at the Z line level. The nexus occupied about 3-5% of the whole
      junctional area between cardiac myocytes in the tunica media, whereas in the
      tunica adventitia the corresponding value was about 17%. Blood capillaries with
      fenestrated endothelium supplied the cardiac myocytes in the adventitia of mouse
      portal vein. The closest relationship between the adrenergic axon and portal vein
      cardiac myocytes was observed to be ca. 0.3 micron apart. The significance of
      these findings is discussed in relation to pulsations of the portal vein.

PMID- 4073541
TI  - Structure of the avian kidney.
AB  - The kidneys from 6 domestic fowl were fixed in situ by perfusion from the left
      ventricle. In the bird there are two types of nephrons. One reptilian-type
      without Henle's loop and medullary tissue, and one mammalian-type with Henle's
      loop lying in medullary tissue. Serial sections from kidney tissue embedded in
      plexiglass or in paraffin were used to study the architecture of eight
      reconstructed reptilian-type nephrons from different cortical levels. All
      reconstructed nephrons had four major bends, but particularly in the subcapsular
      nephrons additional bends parallel to the kidney surface were found. There was no
      loop of Henle, but before entering the collecting duct the distal tubule usually
      had a very thin-walled segment. No proximal convoluted part was found in the
      reptilian-type nephrons. The length of the tubules varied between 3,000 microns
      and 6,000 microns. In the distal tubule a macula densa segment was found in all
      nephrons of the reptilian and mammalian type. The capillary network between the
      inter- and intralobular veins was composed of increasingly larger capillaries
      towards the intralobular vein. Segments of the distal tubule were indented into
      these capillaries and completely surrounded by them. In the nephrons of the
      mammalian type the proximal tubule was found to be convoluted as is usual for
      mammalian species.

PMID- 4073542
TI  - Penetration of the basal lamina of the uterine luminal epithelium during
      implantation in the rat.
AB  - During early stages of implantation in the rat, as in other species that form a
      hemochorial placenta, there is a progressive increase in intimacy between
      blastocyst and endometrium. After initial invasion of the uterine luminal
      epithelium by trophoblast cells and displacement of epithelial cells, the
      trophoblast comes to lie adjacent to the residual basal lamina of the displaced
      epithelium but does not penetrate it. After a pause at the basal lamina, this
      temporary barrier is breached. To study the interrelations of trophoblast,
      uterine epithelium, and decidual cells with the epithelial basal lamina during
      the time of penetration of the basal lamina, implantation sites collected on day
      7 of pregnancy were oriented so that the implantation chamber could be sectioned
      either longitudinally or transversely. Neither trophoblast nor uterine epithelial
      cells have processes that extend through the basal lamina. However, flange-like
      processes from the decidual cells penetrate the basal lamina and underlie both
      trophoblast and, more rarely, epithelium. Smaller folds of the surface of
      decidual cells partially surround bundles of collagen fibrils oriented parallel
      to the long axis of the implantation chamber. Initially the area of penetration
      of basal lamina by decidual cell processes is quite restricted; as implantation
      proceeds the basal lamina becomes displaced and is sometimes not discernible,
      extracellular materials accumulate, and the relationships become more difficult
      to follow. It is concluded that the initial breaching of the basal lamina is an
      activity of the decidual cells, and that contact of basal lamina with trophoblast
      is not necessary to permit this penetration.

PMID- 4073543
TI  - Distribution and characterization of anionic sites in trophoblast and capillary
      basal laminas of human placental villi.
AB  - The distribution of anionic sites was studied in the trophoblastic and fetal
      capillary basal laminas of developing human placental villi with the cationic
      stain ruthenium red. At 7-12 weeks of gestation the trophoblastic basal lamina
      (TBL) contained ruthenium red-positive granules in a quasi-regular array
      throughout the lamina densa or sometimes concentrated at the interstitial surface
      of the lamina densa. The capillary basal lamina (CBL) (and anionic sites) were
      not present at this age. Anionic sites were also associated with collagen or
      reticular fibrils. At term, the TBL was largely devoid of anionic sites except
      for some distributed along its interstitial surface. The CBL was present in later
      gestation and sometimes had arrays of anionic sites. In order to characterize the
      anionic sites, minced pieces of villi were incubated in the presence or absence
      of either chondroitinase ABC, heparitinase, neuraminidase, or Streptomyces
      hyaluronidase in appropriate buffer systems. Incubation of early villi with
      heparitinase resulted in the disappearance of the TBL-associated sites.
      Chondroitinase ABC appeared to reduce staining of collagen-associated sites. In
      term villi, heparitinase removed those few sites still associated with the TBL
      but did not affect sites associated with the CBL or collagen. Chondroitinase ABC
      resulted in the disappearance of all anionic sites. In later gestation, a number
      of developmentally important macromolecules are transported across the
      trophoblast and enter the fetal capillaries. We conclude that the absence of an
      array of polyanionic sites from the term placenta TBL and the reduction in the
      amount of extracellular matrix intervening between the trophoblast and
      capillaries are adaptations to enhance the exchange of macromolecules across the
      placenta.

PMID- 4073544
TI  - Mucous cells and cell migration in the mouse duodenal epithelium.
AB  - The distribution of mucous cells in the mouse duodenum was used to determine
      whether or not intestinal epithelial cells move as a sheet during their migration
      from crypts to villi. The experiments took advantage of the probable symmetry of
      mucous-cell divisions (symmetry in the sense that each mucous-cell division
      produces two mucous cells). Since approximately 50% of newly formed mucous cells
      are derived from mucous-cell divisions, at least 50% of newly formed mucous cells
      in the crypt should be found in mucous-cell pairs. It follows that if the
      epithelium moves as a firmly interconnected sheet, at least 50% of mucous cells
      found in the villus should also be in pairs. On the other hand, if a significant
      amount of cell mixing occurs during migration, the pairing tendency of mucous
      cells would be lost. Mucous-cell pairing was determined by two independent
      methods: 1) direct observation of mucous-cell pairs and 2) the application of
      Poisson statistics to the mucous-cell distribution to determine a "pairing
      tendency." We found that in the crypt at least 75-80% of newly formed mucous
      cells occur in pairs, while in all regions of the villus (base, middle, and top)
      mucous cells are distributed randomly. These results strongly indicate the
      existence of a significant amount of cell mixing in the epithelium at some point
      between the site of mucous-cell formation in the crypts and the villus base.
      Since the mucous-cell population was randomly distributed in all regions of the
      villus we were unable to determine whether or not additional cell mixing occurs
      in the villus epithelium.

PMID- 4073545
TI  - Functional differences between sinusoidal endothelial cells and interlobular or
      central vein endothelium in rat liver.
AB  - The fine topological relationship between sinus-lining endothelial cells (SLE)
      and vessel-lining endothelial cells (VLE) at the opening portion of sinusoids
      into central or interlobular veins of rat liver was studied by a comparison of
      morphological and functional properties of both types of cells. Three minutes
      after intravenous injection of formalin-denatured albumin conjugated with
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP-FDA), liver was perfused with fixative. Chopped
      sections of the liver (50 micron thick) were incubated in diaminobenzidine-H2O2
      medium, followed by processing for electron microscopy. The HRP-FDA was localized
      in endocytotic vesicles and vacuoles of the SLE and Kupffer cells but not of the
      VLE lining interlobular or central veins or interlobular arteries. In the opening
      portion of the sinusoids into these veins, the attenuated cytoplasmic extensions
      of the SLE containing positive vesicles were in direct contact with squamous
      process of the VLE having no positive vesicles. The contact was mediated by
      overlapping junctions. No intermediate cell type between the SLE and VLE in this
      region or other portions was noted. The results indicate that the habitat of the
      SLE is exactly isolated from that of the VLE in rat liver and at the transitional
      portion from sinusoids to veins or arteries they are directly connected with each
      other by overlapping junctions.

PMID- 4073546
TI  - Light and electron microscopy of the new born sagittal suture.
AB  - Morphogenesis and maturation of the sagittal suture in newborn C57B1/6J strain
      mice were studied using light and electron microscopy. Morphodifferentiation of
      the murine parietal bones progresses radially with the interposed sagittal
      suture, assuming a greater level of maturity at birth at a midpoint along its
      length. The presumptive suture develops in a sulcus, deeper posteriorly, more
      shallow anteriorly. Cells at the osteogenic front (OF) are distinguished from the
      surrounding fibrocytic cells by a number of distinctive characteristics: 1.
      increased cytoplasmic density; 2. extensive endoplasmic reticulum; 3. dispersed
      nuclear chromatin aggregates; 4. extensive surface projections; 5. close
      approximation. Mineralization of the developing parietal bone occurs
      extracellularly with the initial deposits of apatite crystals exhibiting no
      oriented relationship to either cellular or extracellular fibrillar elements. The
      majority of collagen fibers lie superior and inferior to the presumptive suture,
      oriented anteroposteriorly with their long axes parallel to the ectocranial
      surface. Other fiber bundles more intimately associated with the developing
      suture display a more random orientation.

PMID- 4073547
TI  - Morphometric and autoradiographic analysis of frontonasal development in the
      chick embryo.
AB  - Dimensional changes in the nasal processes were measured in chick embryos from
      Hamburger and Hamilton (1951) stages 20 through 27.5. Transverse measurements in
      the frontonasal region of freshly fixed embryos were compared to frontal sections
      of the nasal region of comparably staged embryos. These observations were
      correlated with autoradiographic studies of cell movement employing an implant
      labeling technique. Morphometric analysis indicated that between stages 20 and 25
      the separation of the nasal pit orifices increased coincidentally with rapid
      forebrain enlargement. Since the separation of the nasal pit fundi increased more
      rapidly, the orientation of the nasal pits changed. Autoradiographic studies
      indicated that lateral movement of medial nasal process mesenchyme into the base
      of the nasal groove and medial area at the base of the lateral nasal process had
      occurred. After stage 25, the separation of the nasal orifices declined
      dramatically, coincidental with rapid orbital enlargement. In contrast, the
      separation of the nasal pit fundi was maintained. It is proposed that nasal
      development of the chick embryo may be governed initially by forebrain
      enlargement and associated lateral movements of mesenchyme in the medial nasal
      processes, resulting in reorientation of the invaginating nasal placodes;
      subsequently, orbital enlargement and an associated medial redirection of growth
      of the lateral nasal processes assumes greater significance to the continued
      development of the frontonasal region.

PMID- 4073548
TI  - Mucosubstance histochemistry in control and acid-stressed epidermis of brown
      bullhead catfish, Ictalurus nebulosus (LeSueur).
AB  - Glycoprotein components of epidermal mucous cells in control (pH 6.8) and acid
      stressed (pH 5.8, 4.8, 4.0) brown bullhead catfish were studied by histochemical
      and autoradiographic methods. Following exposure to acid, increased numbers of
      epidermal mucous cells were noted in all tissue sites studied, particularly
      dorsal and ventral skin. Mucous cells of control fish and acid-stressed (pH 5.8)
      fish contained a mixture of neutral and acidic mucosubstances, the latter
      including both sialomucins and sulfomucins, with sialomucins predominating. An
      apparent shift toward increased sulfomucin production was observed in skin from
      fish exposed to pH 4.8 and 4.0. In addition, autoradiographic studies using 35S
      showed increased labeling of mucous cells in acid-exposed (pH 4.0) epidermis,
      offering further support for a shift toward sulfomucin production in acid
      stressed fish. Absence of appreciable sulfomucin production in younger fish (less
      than 1 year old) suggested that this shift may be partly age-dependent. The
      functional significance of increased sulfomucin production in acid-stressed
      epidermal mucous cells is uncertain but may be related to maintenance of ionic
      equilibrium.

PMID- 4073549
TI  - Canalicular communication in the cortices of human long bones.
AB  - A scanning electron microscopic (SEM) cast method that has been utilized to
      examine the internal structure of dentine was modified to examine canalicular
      communications in the cortices of a human femur and ulna. Although some
      preparations in which all of the matrix was removed were examined, etched
      preparations were found to be the most informative. Casts of lacunae and
      canaliculi along with the underlying matrix could be visualized in these
      preparations. In the femur, whose cortex exhibited a typical lamellar pattern,
      canalicular communication was seen between first and second generation osteons
      and occasionally between osteons and interstitial regions. The interstitial
      regions in the ulna appeared to be primarily woven rather than lamellar bone.
      Extensive communication between the outermost lacunae of osteons and interstitial
      regions was observed in the ulna.

PMID- 4073550
TI  - Effects of sexual rest or sexual activity on the structure and function of the
      ventral prostate of the rat.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that sexual activity increases the weight of the
      accessory sex glands significantly, while the organ weights correlate inversely
      with the assayable androgen receptor concentrations in the prostate of sexually
      active versus sexually resting rats. In an effort to determine the structural
      basis of this phenomenon, the ventral prostates of adult rats kept with female
      rats for 4-6 months (HE-rats) were compared to those kept in groups of 5 males in
      one cage (HO-rats) for the same period. As an estimate of the secretory function
      of the gland the concentration of prostatic binding protein (PBP) was determined
      in prostatic cytosols using a highly specific ELISA. Catecholamines were measured
      by means of HPLC and subsequent electrochemical detection. Morphological studies
      included immunocytochemistry of PBP, visualization of adrenergic nerves,
      stereological analysis of stromal and glandular compartments of the prostate, and
      electron microscopy of the epithelium. The main findings were as follows: 1) The
      prostates of HE-rats were 35% heavier than those of the HO-rats. 2) The content
      in secretion was in the same range in both HE-rats and HO-rats (1.5 and 1.44 mg
      PBP per 1 mg DNA). 3) Immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy demonstrated a
      very homogeneous secretion within the glandular lumen of HO-rats with a
      diminished amount of secretory material within the glandular cells. In HE-rats
      the glandular lumina were clearly larger in diameter and intraluminal secretion
      was less homogeneously stained. The height of the epithelium was increased and
      the individual secretory cells contained several secretory granules.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4073551
TI  - Morphological changes in atretic Graafian follicles during induced atresia in the
      hamster.
AB  - Hypophysectomized female hamsters primed with 30 i.u. pregnant mare serum
      gonadotropin (PMSG) were injected with anti-PMSG serum 72 h later to induce
      atresia in Graafian follicles. The earliest histological evidence of atresia was
      seen in the cumulus oophorus at 4 h with a significant increase in pyknotic
      nuclei. The mural granulosa cells, however, did not show pyknoses until 12 h
      following anti-PMSG serum. The highest number of pyknotic nuclei in the cumulus
      oophorus was seen at 24 h, when pseudomaturation of the oocyte occurred.
      Breakdown of the mural granulosa cells was greatest by 48 h. Morphometric
      measurements of the follicles showed a significant decline in the thickness and
      area by the granulosa layer at 48 h following injection of anti-PMSG serum. The
      thecal compartment showed a decline in number of mitoses at 4 h and 12 h and in
      area at 48 h. However, no pyknotic thecal cells were observed during the 72 h
      following injection of anti-PMSG serum. The results support previous work using
      this model, which showed major biochemical changes in the granulosa cells at 12
      and 48 h. The theca, however, was comparatively unaffected during atresia. The
      various studies using this model show changes in atretic follicles similar to
      those seen in other models and in the intact animal. The major advantage of this
      model is that it produces a large synchronous population of follicles that
      rapidly becomes atretic.

PMID- 4073552
TI  - Filipin-sterol complexes in the plasma membrane of zebrafish spermatozoa.
AB  - The presence and distribution of filipin-sterol complexes in the plasma membrane
      of zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) sperm was investigated. The zebrafish sperm
      plasma membrane, treated with freeze-fracture techniques, is seen to contain a
      multitude of intramembranous particles that, in a specific region of the
      posterior part of the sperm head, are organized into unusual particle arrays that
      appear as simple hexagons or parallelograms. The polyene antibiotic filipin forms
      complexes with 3-beta-OH sterols to produce characteristic protrusions and pits
      in membranes that are readily observable in freeze-fracture replicas. Numerous
      filipin-sterol complexes were found to populate the sperm plasma membrane, and
      the complexes exhibited variability in their distribution in different sperm.
      This appears to be the first illustrated example of an acrosomeless sperm that
      exhibits a high concentration of filipin-sterol complexes. In contrast, the
      unique grating formed by the intramembranous particles as well as variable
      amounts of membrane surrounding the unusual particle arrays were always free of
      the filipin-sterol complexes. Thus, while cholesterol appears to be present in
      the plasma membrane of the zebrafish sperm, it is not apparent in the highly
      differentiated region of the membrane based on the observed distribution of the
      filipin-sterol complexes.

PMID- 4073553
TI  - Functional gap junctions in mouse small intestinal crypts.
AB  - We demonstrate intercellular transfer of Lucifer yellow and the existence of gap
      junctions in isolated mouse small intestinal crypts. The pattern of dye transfer
      approximates the normal pattern of cell proliferation and differentiation in the
      intestinal epithelium. These findings indicate that the cells of normal crypts
      form an effective intercellular continuum. This intercellular route may function
      in the establishment of chemical, ionic, or electrical fields, which in turn may
      play a role in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation, and secretion
      in the crypt.

PMID- 4073554
TI  - Postnatal enlargement of human tracheobronchial airways and implications for
      particle deposition.
AB  - In support of predictions for inhaled particle deposition, morphometric
      measurements were taken on 20 replica airway casts of people aged 11 days to 21
      years. Measurements of right upper lobe airway lengths, diameters, and branching
      angles were made such that a growth model suitable as input to predictive
      equations for particle deposition efficiency was obtained. The tracheobronchial
      airways growth was describable by linear regressions on body length. The length
      to-diameter ratio of growing airways did not change in any simple way as a
      function of airway generation. Airflow rates for a given state of physical
      activity for various ages were found from previously published data to be
      describable by linear regressions on body mass. Three states of physical exertion
      low activity, light exertion, and heavy exertion-were used for modeling purposes.
      The computed particle deposition efficiencies indicate that under most
      circumstances smaller (younger) people will have greater tracheobronchial
      deposition efficiencies than larger (older) people. For example, tracheobronchial
      dose on a per kilogram body mass basis for 5-micron-diameter particles may be
      more than 6 times higher in the resting newborn than in the resting adult
      assuming equivalent deposition efficiencies above the larynx.

PMID- 4073555
TI  - Structure of the sinus-lining cells in the popliteal lymph node of the rabbit.
AB  - The structure of the sinus walls in the popliteal lymph node of the rabbit was
      studied with the electron microscope. In the marginal sinus, the endothelial
      cells are connected by gap junctions, puncta adherentia, and surface
      specializations characterized by focal approximation of the adjoining membranes
      without fusion. They possess large numbers of simple and compound uncoated
      invaginations of the plasma membrane that are closed by a diaphragm with a
      central thickening. The tissue strands that straddle the lumen of the sinus
      consist of a fibrous core containing both collagen and elastic fibers, surrounded
      by endothelial cells identical to those composing the outer sinus wall. Cortical
      sinuses that run independently of the trabeculae were identified by exploiting
      the fact that their endothelial cells accumulate lymph-borne ferritin, and their
      lumen is outlined by horseradish peroxidase administered intravenously. They are
      lined by a flattened, continuous endothelium and lack luminal strands. The walls
      of the medullary sinuses consist of endothelial cells and macrophages. The
      endothelial cells are interconnected by specialized junctions and contain fewer
      plasmalemmal vesicles than in the cortex; furthermore, dense granules are present
      in their cytoplasm. Macrophages adhere to the surface of the endothelial cells;
      typically, none of the junctional specializations that characterize the interface
      between endothelial cells connect endothelial cells to macrophages. However, at
      points along the contact region with the endothelium, the plasmalemma of the
      macrophage is decorated by an attachment plaque of fluffy cytoplasmic material.
      Sinus endothelial cells slowly accumulate lymph-borne ferritin like vascular
      endothelial cells elsewhere in the body, whereas macrophages contain both
      ferritin and engulfed erythrocytes.

PMID- 4073556
TI  - Movements at the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the hand and
      their effect on the dimensions of the articular ends of the metacarpal bones.
AB  - A detailed study was undertaken to quantify the range of various movements at the
      carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the hand in cadavers and
      compare the values so obtained with those in the living, measured with the help
      of skiagrams. Longitudinal sections of hand were also prepared to bring out the
      nature of articulations at the carpometacarpal joints. Based on the data
      available, metacarpal mobility formulae of 1 greater than 5 greater than 4
      greater than 2 greater than 3 for the carpometacarpal, and 5 greater than 4
      greater than 3 greater than 2 greater than 1 and 5 greater than 2 greater than 4
      greater than 3 greater than 1 for metacarpophalangeal joints are being proposed
      with the hope that these formulae will find their application in the clinical
      practice to assess the extent of functional damage to these joints as well as to
      evaluate the rate of progress or deterioration, in course of time. As an
      extension of our earlier study (Batmanabane, 1982), osteometric analysis of the
      metacarpus was also carried out and it is confirmed that it is the mobility which
      determines the osteometric features of the articular ends of these miniature long
      bones.

PMID- 4073557
TI  - Three-dimensional structure of the murine muscle-tendon junction.
AB  - At the muscle-tendon junction of skeletal muscle fibers the structural interface
      between muscle cell and connective tissue is amplified by tapering, by
      indentation, and by surface folding. The precise form taken by the surface folds
      has been unknown due to a lack of studies on the three-dimensional geometry of
      the muscle-tendon junction. Analysis of this region by scanning electron
      microscopy, using conventional preparative techniques, is uninformative because
      the muscle surface is covered by connective tissue. Removal of the connective
      tissue from individual murine muscle fibers by incubation of fixed fibers in hot
      HCl, followed in some instances by treatment with collagenase, permits SEM
      analysis of the uncovered fiber ends. The muscle fiber end is characterized by
      surface specializations in the form of anastamotic cylindrical folds.
      Transmission electron micrographs of cross sections and of serial longitudinal
      sections of muscle fiber ends confirm that the SEM observations are correct.

PMID- 4073558
TI  - A morphometric analysis of the muscle-tendon junction.
AB  - Transmission of the contractile force produced by skeletal muscle fibers from
      myofilaments to tendon fibers occurs at the muscle-tendon junction. This
      interface between muscle and tendon is characterized by an amplification of the
      membrane area across which force is transmitted, with the result that stress at
      the muscle-tendon interface is less than it would be if the muscle fiber ended
      without surface folding. The amount of stress reduction is proportional to the
      degree of surface amplification. Because an understanding of the mechanical
      properties of the muscle-tendon junction requires a quantitative appreciation of
      the amplification of interfacial area, and hence the reduction of stress,
      produced by membrane elaboration at the muscle-tendon junction, we have developed
      a reliable morphometric approach for quantifying this surface amplification. The
      approach reported here makes use of point-counting techniques applied to thin
      sections of murine muscle-tendon junctions, together with a statistical analysis
      of the data. The results indicate that the load on the cell membrane at the
      muscle-tendon junction is reduced approximately 1 order of magnitude by membrane
      amplification, compared to the load calculated to occur if the muscle fiber ended
      as a right cylinder. In addition, significant differences in the degree of
      membrane amplification have been detected among the four muscle-tendon junctions
      analyzed in this study. These results and methods should prove useful in future
      analyses of normal and abnormal muscle-tendon junctions.

PMID- 4073559
TI  - Glycoprotein synthesis in the Golgi apparatus of spermatids during spermiogenesis
      of the rat.
AB  - During steps 1-7 of spermiogenesis the Golgi apparatus contributes to the
      formation of the acrosomic system which develops at the surface of the nucleus.
      Later, in step 8, the Golgi apparatus detaches from the acrosome and remains
      suspended in the elongated cytoplasm until it degenerates during step 16. Using
      3H-fucose as a tracer and the radioautographic technique, we observed that the
      Golgi apparatus incorporates the tracer and delivers the labeled glycoproteins to
      the developing acrosomic system during steps 1-7 of spermiogenesis, to
      multivesicular bodies during steps 1-9, and to the remaining cytoplasm and plasma
      membrane during steps 1-15. Throughout these steps of spermiogenesis the Golgi
      apparatus does not show major changes in structure; it is composed of a cortex
      made up of connected stacks of saccules and a medulla showing a loose aggregate
      of vesicular profiles. Glycoprotein synthesis in this Golgi apparatus, before and
      after it contributes lysosomal glycoproteins to the growing acrosomic system, was
      quantitatively assessed in electron microscope EM radioautographs of tissue
      sections from animals sacrificed at 1, 4, 8, and 24 h of 3H-fucose injection. The
      incorporation of the labeled sugar was found to remain quantitatively similar
      during steps 1-15 of spermiogenesis, and therefore, no shift in glycoprotein
      synthesis took place following separation of the Golgi apparatus from the
      acrosomic system. Throughout these steps, fucose molecules are first incorporated
      in the cortex of the organelle and subsequently transported to the medulla, where
      they temporarily accumulate before being delivered, depending on the step of
      spermiogenesis, to the acrosomic system, to the multivesicular bodies, and also,
      presumably, to the plasma membrane.

PMID- 4073560
TI  - The presence of lymphatic stomata in the ovarian bursa of the golden hamster.
AB  - The histology and function of the lymphatic system in the ovarian bursa of the
      golden hamster were examined at each day of the estrous cycle. The lymphatic
      passage from the ovarian bursa to a para-aortic lymph node was stained black by
      india ink injected into the bursal cavity. This suggests that bursal fluid drains
      from the cavity via lymphatic vessels. Lymphatic stomata connecting the bursal
      cavity with the lymphatic lumen were consistently present throughout the cycle.
      However, the stomata were more frequently observed in the bursae on day 1 than on
      day 4 of the cycle. Also, they were more frequently observed in the bursa
      injected with 5 microliters of chick erythrocytes than in the contralateral (not
      injected) bursa in hamsters on day 4 of the cycle. These results suggest that the
      stomata are openings the patency of which varies in response to changes in the
      bursal cavity. There were regions where the lymphatic lumen was separated from
      the bursal cavity only by lymphatic endothelial cells. These regions were present
      throughout the estrous cycle. They may be patent stomata; dehiscence of junctions
      between the endothelial cells may give rise to stomata or widen the stomata
      orifices that are already present.

PMID- 4073561
TI  - Interstitial compartment pathology and spermatogenic disruption in testes from
      impotent diabetic men.
AB  - Studies utilizing animal models of diabetes suggest that diabetic complications
      of impotence involve structural lesions in the testis as part of an overall
      defect in the pituitary-testicular axis. In the present study testicular biopsies
      from ten oligospermic and/or impotent men with diabetes were evaluated by light
      and electron microscopy. One biopsy was judged normal. The remaining tissue
      showed variable testicular pathology ranging from minimally to grossly affected.
      Seminiferous tubules had decreased tubule diameters, hyalinized tubule walls, and
      occluded lumina owing either to epithelial encroachment or cellular debris and
      exfoliated round germ cells. Sertoli cells were vacuolated and showed a high
      degree of apical cell membrane redundancy and degeneration. Although Sertoli
      Sertoli cell junctional complexes appeared normal, Sertoli junctional
      specializations associated with spermatids were structurally abnormal or absent.
      All tubules were variably depleted of adluminal compartment germ cell types. The
      interstitial compartment was filled with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix
      concentrated around small blood vessels and seminiferous tubule walls.
      Capillaries and lymphatic endothelia appeared structurally abnormal and
      compromised by the interstitial "matrix expansion." Some Leydig cells contained a
      variable number of small to large lipid droplets, vacuoles, and secondary
      lysosomes. Results indicate the presence of tissue pathology in testes of
      impotent diabetic men. Discrete ultrastructural lesions in apical Sertoli cell
      cytoplasm are associated with spermatogenic disruption and morphological changes
      in the interstitial compartment suggest microvascular complications.

PMID- 4073562
TI  - Distribution of actin in isolated seminiferous epithelia and denuded tubule walls
      of the rat.
AB  - We have studied the distribution of actin, using NBD-phallacidin as a probe, in
      isolated sheets of seminiferous epithelia and denuded tubule walls of the rat.
      Sheets of intact seminiferous epithelia were separated from tubule walls using
      EDTA in PBS. The isolated epithelia and denuded tubule walls were fixed, mounted
      on slides, made permeable with cold acetone (-20 degrees C), and then treated
      with NBD-phallacidin. Actin was observed in myoid cells, in ectoplasmic
      specializations of Sertoli cells, and in Sertoli cell regions adjacent to
      tubulobulbar processes of late spermatids. In myoid cells, filament bundles
      course in circular and longitudinal directions relative to the tubule wall. In
      Sertoli cells viewed at an angle perpendicular to the epithelial base, actin
      filaments in ectoplasmic specializations adjacent to junctional complexes
      circumscribe the bases of the cells. Filament bundles in ectoplasmic
      specializations adjacent to germ cells closely follow the contour of and are
      arranged parallel to the long axis of the developing acrosome. Sertoli cell
      regions adjacent to tubulobulbar processes of late spermatids stain intensely
      with NBD-phallacidin. Isolated seminiferous epithelia, combined with NBD
      phallacidin as a probe for actin, provide an ideal model system in which to study
      further the contractile properties of Sertoli cell ectoplasmic specializations
      and the possible involvement of these structures in events that occur during
      spermatogenesis.

PMID- 4073563
TI  - Rapid formation of gap-junction-like structures induced by glycerol.
AB  - Intercellular junctions, identified in freeze-fracture by narrowing of the
      intercellular gap and codistribution of P-face membrane particles, proliferate
      during incubation of excised rat prostate tissue in 30% glycerol solution. These
      junctions fulfill the criteria used to identify gap junctions in freeze-fracture
      replicas with respect to the size and uniformity of their component particles,
      the codistribution of the particle aggregates on P-faces of adjacent membranes,
      and the narrowing of the extracellular cleft at the junction. These gap-junction
      like structures form on the lateral surfaces of epithelial cells, where they are
      normally scarce, within minutes after exposure to glycerol. Glycerol-induced
      junction formation is not blocked by DNP, a metabolic uncoupler, or by
      cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor. Newly formed junctions occur
      initially in clusters and the number per cluster decreases as individual
      junctions become larger with longer periods of incubation, suggesting that the
      clusters coalesce. The structural changes that precede and accompany the
      formation of these junctions at early times of incubation are comparable to the
      changes reported to precede the formation of gap junctions accompanying hormonal
      treatment, development, and other means of natural induction.

PMID- 4073564
TI  - Histopathologic changes of uterus following gossypol treatment during early
      pregnancy in rats.
AB  - Intramuscular injections of gossypol acetic acid (25 mg in 10% EtOH/kg/day
      beginning on day 2 of diestrus) disrupted early pregnancy in rats as determined
      by light and electron microscopy. As in pregnant controls, in the uteri of
      treated rats increased glandular secretion, stromal hyperemia, and decidual
      tissue formation were noted at days 3-5 of pregnancy. At day 6, extreme hyperemia
      and stromal hemorrhage had occurred around well-developed decidual tissue with
      foci of denuded mucosal surface. There was extravasation of blood into the
      uterine lumen, which was absent in controls. At days 5 and 6 of pregnancy,
      electron microscopy revealed shorter and fewer microvilli on the uterine
      glandular cells in the treated versus the control uterus. Luminal epithelial
      cells had not undergone the normal changes of pregnancy. These results imply that
      gossypol administered under our conditions neither prevented nor delayed
      implantation and formation of decidual tissue in the rat uterine endometrium but
      continuing development of the endometrium was disrupted at day 6 of pregnancy.
      This disruption of pregnancy may have resulted from a luteolytic action by
      gossypol that would not permit full structural differentiation in the rat uterus
      after implantation.

PMID- 4073565
TI  - Characterization of conotruncal malformations following ablation of "cardiac"
      neural crest.
AB  - Neural crest cells from the cranial region of the neural fold populate the
      outflow tract of the developing chick heart. Removal of this region of
      premigratory neural crest has been shown previously to result in a high
      percentage of conotruncal malformations. The present study was undertaken to
      define more precisely the regions of premigratory neural crest which are needed
      for normal conotruncal development. Various regions and lengths of premigratory
      cranial neural crest were ablated using microcautery. Three defects in
      conotruncal development were significantly correlated with the neural crest
      ablation. These were high ventricular septal defect, single outflow vessel
      originating from the right ventricle, and single outflow vessel overriding the
      ventricular septum.

PMID- 4073566
TI  - Mitochondrial alterations in embryos exposed to B-hydroxybutyrate in whole embryo
      culture.
AB  - The ketone body B-hydroxybutyrate (B-OHB) produces malformations and
      ultrastructural alterations in mitochondria of mouse embryos exposed for 24 hours
      to the compound in whole embryo culture. The present study was conducted to
      establish the time-course of the mitochondrial changes to determine whether the
      changes are reversible, and to relate these changes to the malformations produced
      by the compound. Since mitochondria also play a key role in the metabolism of
      ketone bodies, the capacity of the early somite embryo to metabolize B-OHB was
      investigated in an effort to link the morphological alterations in the
      mitochondria to a biochemical process. Early somite embryos were cultured 4, 8,
      or 24 hours in the presence of 32 mM DL-B-OHB and then cultured for an additional
      24 hours in control serum. Finally, embryonic tissue during the teratogenic
      period was assessed for its capability to oxidize B-OHB using D-(3-14C)-B-OHB.
      The treated embryos showed progressive alterations in the mitochondria, beginning
      at 4 hours with a loss of matrix density and culminating at 24 hours with high
      amplitude swelling, complete loss of matrix density, and disappearance of
      cristae. These alterations were reversible following removal of the embryos after
      24 hours of exposure to B-OHB and culturing for an additional 24 hours in control
      serum. Metabolism studies demonstrated that the early somite embryo possesses a
      limited capacity to oxidatively metabolize B-OHB. The biochemical implications of
      these findings are discussed with respect to the possible role of ketone bodies
      in the mechanism of diabetes-induced congenital malformations.

PMID- 4073567
TI  - Ultrastructure of the anterior buccal gland of the rat.
AB  - The anterior buccal gland of the rat is a mucous salivary gland which develops as
      a branch of the main (Stensen's) duct of the serous parotid gland, a few mm from
      its oral orifice. The purpose of the present study was to further characterize
      the mature gland by means of electron microscopy and the histochemical
      demonstration of myoepithelial cells. The tubuloacini were found to have
      intercellular extensions (canaliculi) of the lumina, prominent Golgi complexes,
      and mucous secretory granules with a biphasic substructure. Discharge was by
      exocytosis of individual granules. The tubuloacini joined directly to striated
      ducts; no intercalated ducts were seen. First-order excretory ducts had larger
      lumina and shorter columnar cells, with fewer mitochondria and basal infoldings,
      than the striated ducts. Myoepithelial cells invested the tubuloacini but not the
      ducts. The anterior buccal gland has several features that are unusual for a
      minor salivary gland of mucous type, and which are usually associated with serous
      glands such as the parotid. It should provide a particularly interesting model
      for investigating factors which control the differentiation of secretory and
      myoepithelial cells, and the glycosylation of polypeptides to form mucous
      secretory products.

PMID- 4073568
TI  - The streaming submandibular gland.
AB  - Twenty female young adult rats were injected with tritiated thymidine (3HTdR).
      The animals were then killed in groups of five, at the following times: 1 hour,
      and 4, 16, and 23 days. Autoradiograms of sections through the submandibular
      gland were prepared, and the location of labelled cells in relationship to tubuli
      and acini was recorded. The different tubular and acinar cross sections could be
      distinguished by their cell number. Narrow tubuli had fewer nuclei than the wider
      ones. The nuclear number of a cross section was defined as its class and the
      location of a labelled epithelial cell was expressed in relationship to the class
      where it was found. The location of a labelled stromal cell was determined by the
      class of its neighboring tubular or acinar cross sections. The mean cell numbers
      of intercalated, granular, and striated duct cross sections were, respectively,
      4.7, 10.5, and 10.2, while the average cell content of acini was 4.7 cells. One
      hour after labelling most labelled tubular epithelial and stromal cells were
      found in tubular cross sections (or low tubular classes), while in the acini,
      labelled epithelial and stromal cells were found mainly in wider cross sections
      (or higher acinar classes). Within the next 23 days labelled tubular cells and
      stroma proceeded into higher classes, while labelled acinar epithelium and stroma
      cells were displaced into narrower cross sections (or lower classes). The
      displaced tubular epithelium and stroma covered daily 0.26 classes. At this
      velocity the cell will reach the highest tubular class in 62 days and the
      estimated maximal tubular cell life span is 62 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4073569
TI  - The bat pituitary cleft: phasic production and release of secretory granules by
      microvillous cells.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the two types of cells, ciliated and microvillous, lining
      the wall of the bat pituitary cleft was examined at different periods during the
      annual life cycle. Ciliated lining cells remained unchanged in structure
      throughout the yearly activity cycle. In contrast, microvillous lining cells
      exhibited striking cyclic morphological changes. Throughout the active phase of
      the life cycle and during most of the hibernating period, the structure of
      microvillous cells is unchanged. However, toward the end of hibernation, the
      cells produce and store large numbers of round to ovoid dense secretory granules.
      Just prior to arousal, the microvillous cells are packed with secretory granules.
      At arousal, the cells undergo marked degranulation; the granules appear to be
      discharged into the lumen of the cleft. Degranulation is followed by a period of
      proliferation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, the cavity of which is often filled
      with large paracrystalline inclusions. Within 1 month, microvillous cells return
      to a resting state and are devoid of secretory granules.

PMID- 4073570
TI  - Bone lining cells and hematopoiesis: an electron microscopic study of canine bone
      marrow.
AB  - Hematopoietic bone marrow in the dog is enclosed by a nearly complete and rather
      complex layer of endosteum, consisting of a diverse group of cells collectively
      called bone lining cells (BLC). Cell types comprising BLC include osteoblasts and
      osteoclasts, and other cell types, among which are elongated, flat cells with a
      spindle-shaped nucleus, and small cytoplasmic vesicles. The composition and
      thickness of the layer of BLC varies along the perimeter of the marrow. The layer
      may be simple or stratified. Occasionally a zone of tightly packed regularly
      arranged collagenous fibers lies between the bone lining cells and bone.
      Hematopoiesis, particularly neutrophilic, often occurs in the bone marrow next to
      the BLC. Cytoplasmic processes of BLC occasionally extend into the hematopoietic
      spaces and stromal cells in the hematopoietic compartment may extend processes to
      the layer of BLC. Occasionally cells of the BLC are similar in appearance to
      stromal cells within the marrow. Our observations together with the experimental
      findings of others (that fibroblastic stromal cells contribute to the
      hematopoietic inductive microenvironment, that hematopoietic stem cells are
      concentrated subosteally, that cells responsible for regeneration of the marrow
      stroma are derived from the endosteal layer, and that high concentrations of
      hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors are produced there) indicate that the
      hematopoietic capacities of bone marrow may be regulated by BLC.

PMID- 4073571
TI  - Equine bone marrow: a quantitative analysis of erythroid maturation.
AB  - The equine bone marrow responds to blood loss by increased erythropoiesis, only
      releasing reticulocytes into the peripheral circulation in severe chronic anemia.
      We have used morphometric analysis based on electron microscopy of the equine
      marrow to examine the maturation and release of reticulocytes. Developing red
      cells in the bone marrows of normal and chronically anemic horses were divided
      into four stages: early, intermediate, late-stage erythroblasts, and
      reticulocytes. Morphometric analysis of each stage included volume density of
      mitochondria per micron3 of cytoplasm, surface area of the outer mitochondrial
      membrane per unit volume of mitochondria, and the number of ribosomes per unit
      volume of cytoplasm (total, clustered, single). Matched t tests between normal
      and anemic animals showed significant differences (P less than or equal to .001)
      for volume density of mitochondria and numbers of ribosomes only at the
      reticulocyte stage. The large reticulocyte produced and released in chronic
      anemia may be best explained by a skipped mitotic division.

PMID- 4073572
TI  - Volumetric changes in the developing rabbit calvarium.
AB  - Tantalum bone markers were implanted in the frontal, parietal, and temporal
      bones, at least two in each bone segment, in seven male New Zealand white
      rabbits. Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analyses were performed for regular
      intervals between ages 30 to 142 days. With the exception of a few implants in
      the temporal bone, bone markers remained stable during the observation period.
      Volumetric and longitudinal growth data were compared. Calvarial polyhedron
      volumes increased linearly. Growth at the actual neurocranial sutures
      demonstrated an individually fluctuating pace. No obvious correlation between
      volumetric and longitudinal growth was noted. This might be explained by sagittal
      and temporal suture growth in periods being close to the methodological error and
      failure to document bone rotations. Previous observations on the linearity in
      cerebral weight increase during corresponding periods of time points to the
      decisive role of neural mass growth in calvarial development in rabbits. Suture
      growth characteristics are discussed.

PMID- 4073573
TI  - Morphometric analysis of the nucleolus during the life cycle of human
      odontoblasts.
AB  - Developing first premolars were used as a model system to obtain information on
      the nucleolar structure of human odontoblasts at several stages of their life
      cycle. Four stages were defined by their location within the tooth: a)
      preodontoblasts were located at the growing tip of the root; b) secretory
      odontoblasts in the apical region; c) transitional odontoblasts in the middle
      region; and d) aged odontoblasts in the coronal region. Preodontoblasts have a
      small nucleolus (0.55 micron 2) with few strands of dense fibrillar material
      radiating from the fibrillar center. Secretory odontoblasts are characterized by
      a large (1.24 micron 2), irregular, and reticulated nucleolus. The
      fibrillogranular material, the largest component in all nucleoli, reaches maximal
      size at this stage (0.88 micron 2). Fibrillar centers occupy about the same area
      (0.1 micron 2) throughout the odontoblast's life cycle. As the formation of
      primary dentin is completed, the nucleolus of transitional odontoblasts is
      reduced in size (0.54 micron 2). Finally, the aged odontoblasts have a small,
      compact nucleolus (0.39 micron 2), with segregated components. Morphologic
      analysis and quantification of size and component areas of nucleoli obtained with
      an image analyzer indicated that secretory odontoblasts had the most active, and
      aged odontoblasts the least active, nucleolus.

PMID- 4073574
TI  - The initiation of osteodentin formation in the rat incisor after adriamycin
      administration.
AB  - In order to study the initiation of osteodentin formation in rat incisors,
      animals were injected intravenously with adriamycin (5 mg/kg body weight), and
      killed from 2 to 7 days after injection by perfusion with a 2.5% buffered
      glutaraldehyde solution. Control animals, injected with only physiological
      saline, were treated in the same manner. Three days after adriamycin injection
      aggregations of mesenchymal cells were observed along the mesial and lateral
      walls of the pulp chamber. Between 3 days and 7 days osteodentin production was
      observed at the sites where the mesenchymal aggregations were previously
      observed. Electron microscopic observations revealed that the cells involved in
      the aggregates were larger and contained more profiles of rough endoplasmic
      reticulum and secretion granules than the unaffected pulp cells. The osteodentin
      matrix first appeared as a scant deposition of collagen fibers between the cells.
      As more collagen fibers were deposited the matrix became much denser. Some cells
      that initially formed the mesenchymal aggregates were completely enclosed by the
      increased deposition of the matrix. It therefore appears that osteodentin
      formation, as observed in the rat incisor pulp after adriamycin administration,
      is the result of an abnormal differentiation of pulp mesenchymal cells.

PMID- 4073575
TI  - Partial denervation of the ovaries by transection of the suspensory ligament does
      not inhibit ovulation in rats treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin.
AB  - Adrenergic nerves reach the ovary via two routes: along the arteries to the ovary
      and via the suspensory ligament. Results from earlier investigations suggest that
      denervation of the nerves along the arteries does not influence the ovulatory
      process. In the present study we have examined whether denervation by transection
      of the ovarian suspensory ligament influences the ovulatory process. Partial
      denervation of the ovary by transection of the ovarian suspensory ligament, sham
      operation, or only anesthesia were performed on immature 25-day-old rats. To
      induce ovulation, pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) was injected in the
      morning (0800-0930), when the rats were 26 days old. This PMSG treatment normally
      induces ovulation around 0200 in the early morning of day 29 with subsequent
      formation of corpora lutea. Rats were killed 5-8 hr, 3 days, and 5 days after
      this ovulation time. Ovarian interstitial norepinephrine levels were markedly
      decreased after transection of the suspensory ligament. Ovulations had occurred
      in all denervated, as well as sham-operated, and control rats. The various groups
      did not differ in the number of ovulations per rat. Thus, the adrenergic nerves
      in the suspensory ligament appear not to be necessary for ovulation. Whether
      catecholamines themselves play a role in the ovulatory process cannot be
      elucidated from this experiment, since the norepinephrine content in the ovary
      was not totally depleted. It seems unlikely that adrenergic nerves reach the
      corpus luteum via the suspensory ligament, since transection of this structure
      did not change the luteal content of norepinephrine.

PMID- 4073576
TI  - Development of hamster tracheal epithelium: I. A quantitative morphologic study
      in the fetus.
AB  - The development of the tracheal epithelium was studied in hamsters, beginning on
      fetal day 10 and ending on fetal day 16, shortly after birth. The epithelial
      morphology was characterized and as soon as the cells could be recognized by type
      (day 14) their proportions were quantified along dorsal and ventral surfaces from
      larynx to carina. At all times, columnar cells of the dorsal surface were taller
      than those of the ventral surface. On days 10 and 11 the simple epithelium was
      composed of poorly differentiated columnar cells, but on day 12 organoid
      clusters, consistent with the morphology of neuroepithelial bodies, were
      observed; four clusters were seen along the dorsal epithelium in one section. The
      epithelium was pseudostratified on day 13, composed of short and columnar cells.
      Most columnar cells were poorly differentiated but a few preciliated and ciliated
      cells were recognizable dorsally, especially at the tracheal poles.
      Hemidesmosomes were seen at the base of some short cells on day 14, and rough
      endoplasmic reticulum was moderately developed in some columnar cells, suggesting
      that these cells were prebasal and presecretory cells, respectively. Preciliated
      and ciliated cells, which were most prevalent caudally, accounted for about 14%
      of all dorsal epithelial cells on day 14, but they were rare in the ventral
      surface, about 0.1%. The epithelial cells were sufficiently specialized by days
      15 and 16 to allow quantification by type. Proportions of basal, presecretory,
      and preciliated-ciliated cells were similar on both days but the cellular makeup
      of dorsal and ventral surfaces was significantly different. There were more basal
      cells ventrally (36-40%) than dorsally (22-23%), and more preciliated-ciliated
      cells dorsally (18-21%) than ventrally (about 1%). On days 15 and 16 differences
      also existed along both surfaces between cranial and caudal parts of the trachea.
      Basal cells were more prevalent cranially and preciliated-ciliated cells were
      more prevalent caudally.

PMID- 4073577
TI  - Development of hamster tracheal epithelium: II. Cell proliferation in the fetus.
AB  - Proliferation of epithelial cells in the fetal trachea was studied in hamsters,
      beginning on the 10th gestational day and ending on the 16th day, shortly after
      birth. The mean mitotic index (MI) was highest on day 10, with no statistical
      confirmation of a change between days 10 and 11. The MI fell to about 2% on days
      12 and 13, and declined thereafter to about 0.3% on day 16. The MIs for dorsal
      and ventral surfaces were compared and values were similar except on day 10, when
      ventral exceeded dorsal, and on day 12, when dorsal exceeded ventral, 2.56% and
      1.3%, respectively. On days 10, 11, and 12 the epithelium was simple, composed of
      poorly differentiated columnar cells that proliferated. On day 13 the epithelium
      was pseudostratified owing to the presence of a few short cells that did not
      reach to the lumen. Throughout the fetal period, proliferation of columnar cells
      predominated but division of short (basal) cells increased from 8% to 40% of the
      total mitotic activity between day 13 and day 15. Proliferation of basal cells
      then declined, so that on day 16, 84% of all cells in mitosis were columnar. If
      basal cells divide to make more of themselves they must proliferate rapidly
      between day 13 and day 15, because they were virtually absent on day 12 but
      accounted for about 36% of the ventral and 23% of the dorsal epithelial cells on
      day 16. Based on the results, a hypothetical model is proposed for the formation
      of pseudostratified mucociliary epithelium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4073578
TI  - Development of hamster tracheal epithelium: III. Illustration of statistical
      methods for proportional data in biology.
AB  - The data in the two companion papers (McDowell et al., 1985a,b) are of a commonly
      occurring type in which the dependent variable takes on one of a small number of
      distinct values; we wish to compare the relative proportions in which these
      values occur. Student's test is inapplicable. We explain here in detail the
      linear logistic model that is appropriate, using our data as an example. Several
      reasonable models must first be fit. We did this by the maximum likelihood
      method, using a computer. We then used a chi 2 test to decide statistically
      between models. This process amounts to deciding directly which of the
      independent variables are important in determining the outcome, and thus it is
      the center of physiologic interest. The outcome depends on the initial choice of
      parametrization of the model. Generalizations are required in more complicated,
      but still commonly occurring, types of data.

PMID- 4073579
TI  - A mathematical method for estimating paired testes weight from in situ testicular
      measurements in three species of hamster.
AB  - Linear regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between
      testicular volume (calculated from measurements of length and width) and weights
      of paired testes. Line equations that can be used to predict weights of paired
      testes from the volume of one or both testes are given for three species of
      hamster (Mesocricetus auratus, Mesocricetus brandti, and Phodopus sungorus
      sungorus). Because these parameters are highly correlated (r greater than or
      equal to 0.97), the line equations provide a highly reliable means of estimating
      weights of paired testes from in situ surgical measurements. Weights of testes
      predicted in this manner are highly correlated with actual weights of paired
      testes (r greater than or equal to 0.96). The surgical method for measurement of
      the gonads is also described. This technique for estimating paired testicular
      weight allows considerable reduction in the number of animals required for long
      term experiments and also permits longitudinal studies of individual animals.

PMID- 4073580
TI  - [Analysis of the results obtained using retroperitoneal iliofemoral
      thromboendarterectomy in the treatment of arteriosclerotic lesions of the
      iliofemoral segment].

PMID- 4073581
TI  - [Primary aorto-duodenal fistula: comments on a case treated surgically].

PMID- 4073582
TI  - [Hypertensive ischemic ulcer of the legs].

PMID- 4073583
TI  - [Factors determining the severity of traumatic lesions of the popliteal artery].

PMID- 4073584
TI  - [20 patients with chronic ischemia of the legs treated with ticlopidine].

PMID- 4073585
TI  - [Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome].

PMID- 4073586
TI  - [Cystic disease of the popliteal artery: presentation of a case with subintimal
      localization].

PMID- 4073587
TI  - [Evaluation using basal Doppler and reactive hyperemia of the results of deep
      aorto-femoral bypass in combined aorto-iliac and femoro-popliteal lesions].

PMID- 4073588
TI  - [Instrumental solution for esthetic problems in radical surgery of varices of the
      lower extremities].

PMID- 4073589
TI  - [Pressopneumotherapy in the treatment of edemas of the lower extremities].

PMID- 4073590
TI  - [Use of oral anticoagulants in 2 patients with thromboangiitis obliterans 30
      years after initiating treatment].

PMID- 4073591
TI  - Detection of a new non-MHC alloantigenic system (SLD) in pigs.
AB  - A new, non-MHC cell membrane leucocyte alloantigen was detected in pigs by the
      complement dependent lymphocytotoxic technique. The new leucocyte system was
      designated SLD. Its product antigen SLD-1 was demonstrated to segregate
      independently of the SLA, SLB, SLC, A and E antigens. Family studies supplied
      evidence of a dominant inheritance of SLD-1. Since an allelic antigen could not
      be demonstrated, only two alleles for this locus are reported, namely SLD1 and
      SLD-. No evidence of linkage was detected between the above mentioned leucocyte
      alloantigenic systems and SLD. The antigen was detected on enriched suspensions
      of T and B cells from peripheral blood, but it was not detected on erythrocytes,
      granulocytes and thrombocytes.

PMID- 4073592
TI  - Procedure for simultaneous phenotyping of genetic variants in cow's milk by
      isoelectric focusing.
AB  - A method is described which allows the simultaneous separation of all polymorphic
      protein fractions in cow's milk in one single run. The separation could be
      achieved by isoelectric focusing in ultrathin-layer polyacrylamide gels. The
      method is especially suitable for screening purposes because it combines low
      costs, high resolution and short separation time.

PMID- 4073593
TI  - Distribution of complement protein C4 concentrations in bovine plasma.
AB  - Complement component C4 concentrations were measured in 40 pure bred Hereford
      cattle and 40 cattle from a mixed breed herd. Significant differences were not
      observed between the two groups studied nor between bulls and cows. However, the
      distribution of C4 concentrations was relatively disperse and appeared polymodal
      suggesting the presence of two isotypes of C4. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      of immunoprecipitated bovine C4 showed many samples to have two C4 alpha chains
      differing in relative molecular mass by about 1800. Isoelectric focusing of
      bovine plasma in agarose gels followed by immunofixation with specific anti-C4
      antisera revealed two populations of native C4 differing in pI by about 0.3 pH
      unit. An association between the type of C4 alpha chain present and the pI of the
      native C4 molecule was observed. Collectively these findings indicate the
      presence of two structural C4 genetic loci in cattle.

PMID- 4073594
TI  - Serum and tissue alkaline phosphatases in pigs.
AB  - The alkaline phosphatases from serum, liver, bone and intestine of pigs were
      separated by starch and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Treatments with
      neuraminidase, urea, heat, L-homoarginine and L-phenylalanine were performed.
      Variants of serum alkaline phosphatases were derived from different tissues and
      hence must be under the control of at least two different loci. Within the
      intestinal phosphatases, polymorphic electrophoretic patterns were observed among
      195 animals.

PMID- 4073595
TI  - Equine lymphocyte antigens in four major Belgian horse populations. Contribution
      to serology and antigen distribution.
AB  - 158 Belgian Saddlebreds, 130 Belgian Trotters, 108 Belgian Draft horses and 92
      Shetland ponies have been typed for serologically defined antigens at the ELA and
      ELY systems. Gene frequencies were estimated in each breed for the
      internationally established ELA, ELY-1 and ELY-2 alleles as well as for locally
      assigned additional ELA markers and for subtypes of ELA-W3, W9 and W11. The
      distribution of ELA alleles was in agreement with the expected Hardy-Weinberg
      equilibrium for the 4 horse breeds described here. Differences in gene
      frequencies between these main Belgian horse populations were observed.

PMID- 4073596
TI  - A new case of blood cell chimerism in pigs.

PMID- 4073597
TI  - Quantitative analyses of haemoglobin types in Australian horses.

PMID- 4073598
TI  - Identification of exercise-induced asthma among intercollegiate athletes.
AB  - Nine hundred eight-three new intercollegiate athletes were evaluated to estimate
      the frequency of exercise-induced asthma (EIA). Medical history was obtained
      using a specifically structured interview. Athletes were selected for exercise
      testing based on positive responses to questions regarding symptoms of
      respiratory distress after strenuous exercise. Exercise testing was performed in
      a controlled laboratory setting using a standard exercise protocol. A laboratory
      diagnosis of EIA was made if the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)
      fell greater than or equal to 10%, forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of vital
      capacity (FEF25-75%) fell greater than or equal to 20%, and/or peak expiratory
      flow rate (PEFR) fell greater than or equal to 12.5% after exercise. The
      frequency of EIA was 2.8%; only nine of the 28 athletes with EIA were detected
      prior to arrival at college.

PMID- 4073599
TI  - Airborne pollen and mold spores in a subalpine environment.
AB  - A Rocky Mountain subalpine environment was sampled for allergenic pollen and mold
      spores during three growing seasons (1981-1983) using a Rotorod sampler. Pollen
      levels were generally low until late in the season while mold spores were present
      in higher levels throughout the sampling period.

PMID- 4073600
TI  - Beclomethasone dipropionate nasal aerosol spray in allergic rhinitis: a
      comparison of three delivery systems.
AB  - In this 3-way crossover study, the currently marketed beclomethasone dipropionate
      aerosol canister was sprayed intranasally through three different delivery
      adapters by 48 adult patients with allergic rhinitis. The adapters were evaluated
      and compared for force of spray, ease of use, preferred length of nozzle, and
      effectiveness. While all three were considered effective for symptom relief,
      there was a clear preference for both of the new longer, snout-like nozzle
      adapters over the currently available delivery system.

PMID- 4073601
TI  - Bald cypress tree (Taxodium distichum) pollen, an allergen.
AB  - Fifty-seven nasal and bronchial provocation tests were performed with bald
      cypress pollen extract (BCE) on 41 subjects. A positive nasal response was
      elicited in 12 of 17 (71%) subjects with allergic rhinitis and positive BCE skin
      tests, and in none of 16 control subjects. A positive bronchial challenge was
      elicited in two of ten extrinsic asthmatics with positive BCE skin tests, and in
      none of 14 control subjects. BCE-specific IgE was demonstrated by RAST in seven
      of the 12 (59%) subjects with a positive nasal challenge and in one of the two
      with a positive bronchial challenge. BC pollen is an aeroallergen.

PMID- 4073602
TI  - Hereditary angioedema: polymorphism.
AB  - Four patients with hereditary angioedema were studied. All had low values of C4,
      C1 INH, (CH 50) complement activity and circulating immune complexes. This report
      takes into account the different aspects that this disease can present, often
      quite different from the classical description of hereditary angioedema.

PMID- 4073603
TI  - Chronic diarrhea due to cow's milk allergy. A 4- to 10-year follow-up study.
AB  - There is general agreement that chronic diarrhea due to cow's milk allergy (CMA)
      resolves with a cow's milk-free diet, and that tolerance to cow's milk is
      achieved by 2 years of life. We have followed for 4 to 10 years, 41 infants with
      chronic diarrhea due to CMA, who had at onset of diarrhea RAST and/or skin tests
      positive to cow's milk. After the diarrhea subsided, the diet was continued for 6
      months and, subsequently, cow's milk reintroduction was attempted at 6-month
      intervals. In contrast to 25/37 children (four cases were lost to follow-up) in
      whom CMA subsided at a median age of 2 years, 12/37 (32.5%) children did not
      tolerate cow's milk at a median age of 6 years. In addition, a large proportion
      of children (27/37 = 73%) suffered during the follow-up period from other atopic
      manifestations, due either to CMA or to inhalant allergy. Our data suggest that
      in infants with chronic diarrhea due to CMA, RAST and/or skin tests positive to
      cow's milk may indicate either the tendency of CMA to persist throughout
      childhood, or the risk of developing other atopic diseases.

PMID- 4073604
TI  - Interrelationships between immediate, intermediate, and delayed cutaneous
      reactions and their in vitro correlates.
AB  - The mutual correlations between immediate, intermediate, and delayed cutaneous
      reactions, IgE, IgG, or combined IgG, A, and M antibody levels, and antigen- or
      mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation were evaluated in a mixed group of
      allergic or non-allergic individuals. As might be expected, immediate and delayed
      reactions correlated significantly with IgE antibody levels and lymphocyte
      transformation, respectively. Intermediate time-course reactions did not
      correlate with IgG or IgG, A, and M antibody levels, but did so with immediate
      reactions, thus suggesting their "late phase" nature. Of particular interest was
      the finding of correlations that do not conform to the classical concept of the
      mechanisms involved in the generation of the different cutaneous reactions.
      Significant correlations were found between immediate or intermediate reactions
      and antigen-induced lymphocyte transformation, and between immediate and delayed
      reactions. These results are discussed in relation to recent suggestions that
      factors released from sensitized T cells can mediate early time-course reactions,
      and that such reactions may contribute to the manifestation of delayed-type
      hypersensitivity.

PMID- 4073605
TI  - Evaluation of allergic etiology in perennial rhinitis.
AB  - In 197 patients with perennial rhinitis, 49 patients (24.9%) were found to be
      allergic to perennial inhalant allergens, 37 patients (18.8%) allergic to
      seasonal allergens, 52 patients (26.4%) had food intolerance, 12 patients (6.6%)
      showed evidence of nasal infection, and in 46 patients (23.3%) etiology was
      undetermined.

PMID- 4073606
TI  - [Microassay for blood adenosine deaminase: study of the role of the enzyme in the
      ammoniagenesis of the blood sample].
AB  - A microassay for adenosine deaminase is elaborated. It is based on the
      colorimetric measurement of small amounts of ammonia raised during adenosine
      deamination and separated by continuous flow dialysis. The analytical qualities
      of the microassay are reported. The enzymic activity concentration in whole
      arterial blood of 30 control subjects is 2.54 +/- 1,68 micro katal/l (mean +/-
      2ET). It is slightly lower in venous blood. The values are higher in man than in
      women. 92 p. cent of the enzymic activity of whole blood are due to the
      erythrocytes. The distribution of the arterial enzymic activity concentrations is
      not significantly different in a group of 85 cirrhotic patients when compared to
      the control group. No tight correlation can be found between blood adenosine
      deaminase concentrations and either blood ammonia nor shed blood ammoniagenesis.
      Inhibitors of adenosine deaminase have little effects on the in vitro
      ammoniagenesis.

PMID- 4073607
TI  - [Opportunistic bacteria].
AB  - The definition of opportunistic bacteria is based on two parameters: the
      receptive subject and the bacteria. When the receptive subject is normal,
      theoretically, no saprophytic or normal commensal organisms are able to invade
      the subject. This subject can only be infected by certain "undesirable" commensal
      organisms such as Vargues' Specific Pathogenic Bacteria. If an otherwise normal
      subject has a temporary decrease in his immune defences, he may be invaded by a
      number of organisms from the normal commensal flora: these are the opportunistic
      bacteria in the broad sense of the term. The immunosuppressed patient with
      profound and prolonged depression of his immune system may be attacked by various
      saprophytic organisms and a number of commensal organisms, even those which were
      previously considered to be non-virulent. These are the opportunistic infections
      in the strict sense of the term.

PMID- 4073608
TI  - [Current role of ELISA methods in bacteriology and virology].
AB  - The use of fixed-phase immuno-enzymatic methods (ELISA) is becoming more
      widespread. In theory, these methods appear to be attractive because of their
      adaptability to various clinical situations. However, in practice problems remain
      to be solved. The detection of serum antibodies would seem to be easier, with the
      exception of tests for IgM, which are interfered with by rheumatoid factor. The
      detection of viral or bacterial antigens in pathological material would seem to
      be more difficult to achieve, but holds great promise for the future.
      Improvements have already been made, but progress remains to be made in the
      technique and in the clinical interpretation of the results.

PMID- 4073609
TI  - [The laboratory of tomorrow. Particular reference to hematology].
AB  - A serious prediction can only be an extrapolation of recent developments. To be
      exact, the development has to continue in the same direction, which is only a
      probability. Probable development of hematological technology: Progress in
      methods. Development of new labelling methods: radio-elements, antibodies.
      Monoclonal antibodies. Progress in equipment: Cell counters and their adaptation
      to routine hemograms is a certainty. From analyzers: a promise that will perhaps
      become reality. Coagulometers: progress still to be made. Hemagglutination
      detectors and their application to grouping: good achievements, but the market is
      too limited. Computerization and automation: What form will the computerizing
      take? What will the computer do? Who will the computer control? What should the
      automatic analyzers be? Two current levels. Relationships between the automatic
      analysers and the computer. ADVANTAGES: rapidity, fidelity and above all,
      reliability. Memory: large capacity and easy access. Disadvantages: conservatism
      and technical dependency. How can they be avoided? Development of the
      environment: Laboratory input: outside supplies, electricity, reagents,
      consumables. Samples and their identification. Output: distribution of results
      and communication problems. Centralization or decentralization? CONCLUSIONS: What
      will tomorrow's laboratory be? 3 hypotheses: optimistic, pessimistic, and
      balanced.

PMID- 4073610
TI  - [Advantages and constraints of recent multichannel selective analyzers].
AB  - The analyzers have been defined as follows: the analyzers are multiparametric (at
      least 5 parameters available simultaneously), selective, operating patient by
      patient, list price on May 1, 1984 below 1,000,000 francs, and distributed in
      France after January 1, 1981. This definition applies in particular to systems
      already widely used in French Laboratories, such as the Technicon RA 1000, and
      the Hitachi Boehringer 705. It also applies to systems distributed more recently,
      such as the Kone "Progress" and the Coultronics "Dacos". Based on data provided
      by the manufacturers (technical instructions, operating instructions, evaluation
      reports, etc) and data provided by a certain number of users, we have tried to
      appraise the advantages and constraints of these analyzers with respect to the
      following points: required environment (installation, electrical current,
      temperature), training of personnel, ease of adaptation, work organization,
      rhythms, operating cost, ease of use, verification of correct function, format of
      results, maintenance, etc. Lastly, we discuss the problem of the reliability of
      the results (precision, accuracy), in particular the problems of referencing in
      substrate assays, and the problems of accuracy in the measurement of enzymatic
      activities, considering the current norms of standardization.

PMID- 4073611
TI  - [Microanalysis on dry reactive supports].
AB  - Among actual technological developments in clinical chemistry, the use of dry
      reagents fixed on a solid support is particularly advantageous for assays in
      emergency. Reflectometry is used for the measurement and was analysed in terms of
      principles and measurement devices. To day, only one apparatus Seralyser is
      furnished by Ames and we have evaluated its performances. However, other
      apparatus are in evaluating. Thus, Ektachem Kodak 400, 700 or DT 60 employs
      multilayer slides. Reflotron from Boehringer allows the direct use of blood
      samples. Stratus with a fluorimetrie measurement is adapted to drug assays. This
      new technology some permits interesting applications derived from basic research
      but arises some problems for the realisation of the as well as the role of the
      clinical chemist.

PMID- 4073612
TI  - [Practical approach to iron availability].

PMID- 4073613
TI  - [Locoregional anesthesia of the foot for forefoot surgery].
AB  - A technique of regional anaesthesia of the foot for forefoot surgery (ingrowing
      toe-nail, hallux valgus, amputation, etc.) is described. It consists of a block
      of the superficial peroneal nerve at the ankle combined with a block of the
      posterior tibial nerve behind the medial malleolus. A volume of 5-6 ml of 1%
      lidocaine or 1% mepivacaine is injected. A pneumatic tourniquet was placed on the
      upper part of the thigh after the patient had been given an intramuscular
      premedication. The results of 52 such blocks carried out in 40 patients are
      discussed.

PMID- 4073614
TI  - [Continuous peridural anesthesia in children less than 2 years old].
AB  - Continuous epidural anaesthesia was carried out in 23 children (age 13.9 +/- 6
      months, weight 9.09 +/- 2.5 kg) scheduled for long surgical procedure (soft
      tissue release for club-foot, "pull-through" for Hirschsprung disease, various
      genito-urinary procedures). The lumbar epidural space was punctured under general
      anaesthesia with a 19 G Tuohy needle. A graduated 24 G polyurethane catheter was
      then inserted and fixed. The local anaesthetic used was bupivacaine 0.25% (0.71
      +/- 0.02 ml X kg-1), with or without 1:200,000 adrenaline. Five and 10 min after
      injection of bupivacaine, heart rate was significantly decreased (p less than
      0.05) when compared with pre-induction values, but systolic blood pressure did
      not change. No other haemodynamic changes occurred. Analgesia was sufficient in
      all but two cases at incision. Mean duration of surgical procedure was 143 +/-
      9.2 min. The time of the first reinjection was significantly longer if
      bupivacaine with adrenaline was used (116 +/- 2.34 min), when compared with
      bupivacaine without adrenaline (68.9 +/- 3.92 min) (p less than 0.001). No
      systemic analgesic was needed during the surgical procedure and anaesthesia was
      maintained either with halothane (inspiratory fraction less than 0.5%) or
      enflurane (inspiratory fraction less than 0.8%). All children were extubated at
      the end of the surgical procedure. The catheter was maintained in 16 children for
      postoperative analgesia. The first postoperative injection was given 7.1 +/- 0.45
      h later. The catheter remained in situ 26.7 +/- 4.1 h. No complication was
      observed. Thus, during surgery, the need for systemic analgesia was avoided and a
      rapid and safe postoperative recovery was obtained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4073615
TI  - [Acute water intoxication induced by oxytocin].
AB  - A new case of oxytocin-induced water intoxication is reported in a 30 year old
      gravid woman. The severe symptoms of this uncommon complication are principally
      neurological; biological signs are a hyponatraemia with low plasma osmolality.
      Usually, biological and clinical signs are rapidly cleared up by treatment, but
      maternal death or neonatal water intoxication may occur. Such accidents must be
      prevented by clinical monitoring, watching out for alarm signals (oliguria is
      always found, resulting from the effect of oxytocin on the kidney), minimum fluid
      and proportional salt intakes, careful monitoring of oxytocin infusion rates,
      facilitated by the use of a constant flow-rate pump.

PMID- 4073616
TI  - [Anesthesia for emergency cesarean section after uterine rupture associated with
      recent fracture of the cervical spine].
AB  - General anaesthesia with intubation is preferable for emergency Caesarean
      section, whilst epidural anaesthesia should be reserved for elective Caesarean
      section. The case of a patient who required emergency Caesarean section following
      uterine rupture is discussed. The management was complicated by a cervical spine
      injury which had occurred four months previously. Because an epidural catheter
      had already been inserted at an early stage of labour, this was the anaesthetic
      technique chosen for the emergency section. This avoided tracheal intubation and
      the possibility of worsening the cervical fracture. The end result was
      satisfactory, both for the mother and the child.

PMID- 4073617
TI  - [Late complications of catheterization of the subclavian vein].
AB  - Percutaneous subclavian venous cannulation has now become a routine procedure in
      anaesthesia and intensive care. Its early complications are well-known, but its
      delayed complications, somewhat rarer, remain often undiagnosed. A case is
      reported of a 32 year old man who presented with a subclavian arterial pseudo
      aneurysm associated with a recurrent nerve palsy some 18 months after undergoing
      major trauma in a car crash. The post-traumatic origin of this complication is
      discussed. It was probably due to percutaneous venous cannulation, which led to a
      subclavian arterial lesion.

PMID- 4073618
TI  - [An original intubation technic in a child with Pierre Robin syndrome].
AB  - Infants with Pierre Robin syndrome often present the anaesthesiologist with the
      challenge of upper airway obstruction and difficult tracheal intubation. An
      unconventional method for solving this problem was used in a 2 week old 2.2 kg
      term male infant who presented with severe micrognathia, a widely cleft palate
      and extreme glossoptosis. Hyperextension of the head in the prone position
      distracted the epiglottis from the glottis. Blind nasotracheal intubation was
      then used. The curve of the nasotracheal tube made it pass behind the epiglottis
      into the larynx.

PMID- 4073619
TI  - [Effect of the rinsing solution on bacterial contamination during prolonged
      catheterization of the radial artery].

PMID- 4073620
TI  - [Spinal anesthesia with meperidine in general and vascular surgery].

PMID- 4073621
TI  - [Practical use of non-morphine analgesics in the treatment of acute postoperative
      pain].

PMID- 4073622
TI  - [Treatment of intracranial hypertension in neuro-intensive care].

PMID- 4073623
TI  - The self-tuning controller: comparison with human performance in the control of
      arterial pressure.
AB  - A self-tuning controller was implemented for the automated infusion of sodium
      nitroprusside to lower mean arterial pressure in anesthetized dogs. The system
      incorporated a recursive least-squares parameter identifier and a modified
      minimum-variance controller. The onset delay was estimated on-line, the
      performance criterion included the cost of control, and requested step-changes
      were automatically translated into five successive smaller steps to reduce
      overshoot. The performance of the system in lowering mean arterial pressure was
      quantitatively compared with that of a well-trained anesthesiologist. In 10 runs
      in four animals, the automated system performed as well as the physician who
      devoted 100% of his attention to the task. Since the stability of the self-tuning
      controller cannot be guaranteed, such a system should be operated only in the
      presence of appropriate supervisory algorithms.

PMID- 4073624
TI  - Relationship between pulse rate and pulse width for a constant-intensity level of
      electrocutaneous stimulation.
AB  - The relationship between pulse rate (PR) and pulse width (PW) for a constant
      level of electrocutaneous stimulation was ascertained using the method of
      comparative judgments. Twelve volunteer subjects were asked to adjust the PW of
      Comparison Stimulus (S2) until its intensity matched that of a Standard Stimulus
      (S1) for which the PW was 200 microseconds and PR was 10 or 20 pulses per sec
      (pps). As expected, the experimental results indicate that the PW of a constant
      current amplitude pulse train should decrease as its PR increases if a constant
      level of tactile stimulation intensity is desired. However, PW and PR were not
      linear-inversely related (p less than 0.005). Rather, their relationship was best
      described by a logarithmic equation: log PW = a + b log PR, where PW is in
      microseconds, a is 2.82, b is -0.412, and PR is between 1 and 100 pps.
      Utilization of this relationship during electrical stimulation of the skin sense
      will decouple the intensity component of the tactile sensation from its frequency
      component, thereby enhancing the potential comfort and clarity of this sensory
      communication interface.

PMID- 4073625
TI  - Identification of canine coronary resistance and intramyocardial compliance on
      the basis of the waterfall model.
AB  - This study was performed to elucidate the effects of cardiac contraction on
      coronary pressure-flow relations. On the basis of the waterfall mechanism, a
      lumped model of the coronary arterial system is presented consisting of a
      proximal (epicardial) compliance, a coronary resistance, and an intramyocardial
      compliance. A "back"-pressure, assumed to be proportional (constant k) to left
      ventricular pressure, impedes flow. From steady-state measurements of circumflex
      coronary artery flow and inflow pressure, together with left ventricular
      pressure, the values of the three model parameters and the constant k have been
      estimated. In the control condition proximal compliance is found to be 1.7 X 10(
      12) m4s2kg-1, intramyocardial compliance 110 X 10(-12)m4s2kg-1, and resistance
      7.5 X 10(9) kgm-4s-1. The proportionality constant k is close to unity. Effects
      of changes in left ventricular pressure and inflow pressure and the effect of
      vasoactive drugs on the parameters are also investigated. Changes in coronary
      resistance are always opposite to changes in intramyocardial compliance.
      Sensitivity analysis showed that epicardial compliance plays its major role
      during isovolumic contraction and relaxation; resistance plays a role throughout
      the cardiac cycle but is more important in diastole than in systole, whereas
      intramyocardial compliance plays a role in systole and in early diastole.

PMID- 4073626
TI  - Calculations of the pH changes produced in body tissue by a spherical stimulation
      electrode.
AB  - A mathematical description of pH excursions produced in interstitial fluid by a
      spherical stimulation electrode is presented. The pH is calculated as a function
      of current density, electrode radius, distance, time, and pulsing regimen for an
      electrode driven by biphasic current pulses. Calculations indicate that large pH
      excursions occur around electrodes pulsed at current densities used for neural
      stimulation. For an electrode with a radius of about 1 micron these transient pH
      changes extend only a few micrometers from the electrode surface. The practical
      importance of these pH changes remains to be determined.

PMID- 4073627
TI  - Transducer system for the noninvasive recording of arterial pressure contours.
AB  - A transducer system is described that permits noninvasive recordings of the
      pressure-vs-time arterial profile at any palpable site on the body. A thin (30
      microns) piezoelectric polymer film of polyvinylidene fluoride serves as the
      active element and as the mechanical coupler to the skin. The system has high
      frequency response and a low frequency cut-off of 0.16 Hz. The active element and
      its support provides a good mechanical impedance match with the skin. The
      transducer housing resembles a thick wrist watch and is strapped in place. The
      complete system is designed to record as many as four simultaneous profiles on a
      subject. Comparisons of the noninvasive transducer records with records taken
      with an indwelling catheter indicate congruence of the two signals and the first
      and second derivatives of the two signals, both when the transducer is applied
      directly to the skin and when a layer of fat is interposed between the skin and
      the transducer. The system provides a simple atraumatic means of periodically
      screening and/or monitoring cardiovascular changes in large populations of
      subjects and would provide a means of tracking changes induced by therapeutic
      programs.

PMID- 4073628
TI  - Artifacts in the measurement of skin temperature under infant radiant warmers.
AB  - All skin temperature probes measure, to some extent, operative temperature as
      well as skin temperature, and thus artifactually measure a temperature different
      from true skin temperature. To assess the magnitude and direction of these
      artifacts in the measurement of surface temperature in radiant warmers designed
      for human infants, the artifactual deviation of measured surface temperatures
      from mean surface temperature was determined under a short-wavelength warmer and
      a long-wavelength radiant warmer, using a copper ball as an experimental model.
      The measurements were made using both a disk-shaped thermistor and a tubular
      thermistor. All measurements were made near the top of the hemisphere of the ball
      facing the heating element of the warmer. In all cases, the average artifact was
      negative. That is, even on the surface of the ball near the radiant heat source,
      the surface temperature probes recorded an artifactually low temperature. In the
      analogous clinical setting, a somewhat larger negative artifact would be
      expected.

PMID- 4073629
TI  - Species-related differences in percutaneous wound healing.
AB  - Percutaneous devices permanently protrude through a surgically created defect in
      the skin. Usually they provide a connection for intracorporeal implants or organs
      with external devices. The skin penetration area presents unique medical
      problems. The interfacing tissue usually does not heal and seal to the implant
      but remains a focus of constant acute or chronic inflammation and eventually
      breaks down because of infection. This pathophysiological phenomenon has been
      studied previously with qualitative light microscopical methods. A large number
      of empirical studies have attempted to improve the implant-epidermal seal with
      various implant materials and designs. To allow systematic studies of the effect
      of biomaterials on implant-epidermal interface phenomena, quantitative
      histological parameters were evaluated. Test implants were made from Dacron
      velour and placed in dogs, goats, and rabbits for various preselected periods to
      determine time- and species-related histopathological variations. Results showed
      that the degree of connective tissue "maturity" within the pores of the implant
      appears to be related to the concentration of giant cells and polymorphonuclear
      granulocytes (histocompatibility). The process of epidermal proliferation around
      porous percutaneous implants appears to follow certain fixed patterns under
      different conditions that are accompanied by expelling forces, resulting in an
      outward movement of the implant until it is completely extruded. The presence of
      microhematomas throughout the implantation period indicates that mechanical
      forces disrupt interfacial tissue bridges. The basic histological processes are
      qualitatively the same in the three animal species studied. However, there are
      quantitative differences with regard to epidermal migration rate and connective
      tissue maturation within the implant pores, which may explain the different
      failure modes and times observed among species. The study indicated that
      percutaneous healing may be directly related to histocompatibility of the implant
      material, mechanical interfacial forces, and epidermal proliferative patterns.
      The first two may eventually be controlled by selection of optimal implant
      materials and device configurations. The control of epidermal migration, however,
      will be the key to prolonging percutaneous implant life.

PMID- 4073630
TI  - Effect of pretreatment with selenium-vitamin E on monensin toxicosis in cattle.
AB  - Ten female beef calves weighing approximately 180 kg each were allotted to 2
      groups of 5 each before they were given (orally) monensin (50 mg/kg of body
      weight). In group A, the calves were given (IM) a commercial selenium-vitamin E
      (Se-E) preparation (0.25 mg of Se and 17 IU of alpha-tocopherol/kg of body
      weight) at 72 and 24 hours before monensin was given. The calves in group B were
      injected at the 2 times with isotonic saline solution. Clinical signs of monensin
      toxicosis, including lethargy and recumbency, appeared on day 2 in the calves
      given the Se-E pretreatment, compared with the onset on day 1 in the saline
      solution-pretreated calves. All calves in the 2 groups died, but mean survival
      time was longer in group A (4.4 vs 2.2 days). Lesions of monensin toxicosis were
      myocardial necrosis, skeletal myonecrosis, pulmonary congestion, and rumenitis.
      The frequency and severity of the lesions were similar for both groups of calves.
      The results of the present study indicate that Se-E pretreatment modifies the
      development of monensin toxicosis in cattle.

PMID- 4073631
TI  - Haemophilus somnus: investigations of its potential role in bovine mastitis.
AB  - Mammary glands of 6 lactating Holstein cows were inoculated with Haemophilus
      somnus strain 43826. Three cows developed chronic mastitis and shed bacteria for
      up to 1 year. Three cows developed acute gangrenous mastitis, with evidence of
      bacteremia and endotoxemia. Cows with gangrenous mastitis had lower somatic cell
      counts early after inoculation in affected quarter secretions compared with those
      in cows that developed chronic mastitis. Cows with gangrenous mastitis developed
      hypocalcemia, hypoalbuminemia, azotemia, hyperbilirubinemia, mildly increased
      serum aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase activity, and a marked
      neutropenia with a degenerative left shift. Histopathologic examination of
      gangrenous quarters revealed edema, necrosis, and vascular thrombosis with few
      inflammatory cells. A limited survey failed to recover H somnus from dairy cows
      with clinical mastitis or from mammary secretions from 41 beef cattle at an
      abattoir.

PMID- 4073632
TI  - Switch hair as an indicator of magnesium and copper status of beef cows.
AB  - Samples of switch hair, blood, and urine were obtained periodically over 5.5
      months from 11 Angus and 13 Angus-Charolais cows grazing either all-grass or
      grass-legume swards. Liver samples were obtained at the end of the study. Hair
      growth rate and mineral concentrations in switch hair (magnesium [Mg], copper
      [Cu]), blood serum (Mg, Cu), urine (Mg), and liver (Cu) were determined.
      Significant (P less than 0.05) hair-growth rate differences were observed among
      sampling periods (daily mean = 0.58 +/- 0.01 mm). Angus black-pigmented switch
      hair contained more (P less than 0.001) Mg than did the light-pigmented Angus
      Charolais hair. The effect of season was observed on hair Mg and Cu and on serum
      Mg (P less than 0.01). Serum and hair Mg concentration correlated in both breed
      groups after removal of individual cow treatment effects (Angus: r = 0.58, P less
      than 0.001, n = 64; Angus-Charolais: r = 0.46, P less than 0.001, n = 76).
      Likewise, urine Mg and hair Mg concentrations correlated (Angus: r = 0.35, P less
      than 0.05, n = 53; Angus-Charolais: r = 0.26, P less than 0.05, n = 63). Sward
      type had a pronounced effect on serum and urine Mg concentrations and a slight
      effect on hair Mg concentrations (P less than 0.10) only during midsummer. Cattle
      with switch hair Mg values less than 25 to 30 mg (light pigmentation) and 100 to
      125 mg (black pigmentation)/kg of dry matter (DM) may be hypomagnesemic.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4073633
TI  - Effectiveness of a slow-release, morantel tartrate anthelmintic bolus for
      controlling parasitic gastroenteritis in replacement dairy heifers.
AB  - Two experiments were done to evaluate the effectiveness of a slow-release,
      morantel tartrate, anthelmintic bolus for controlling parasitic gastroenteritis
      in replacement dairy heifers. In experiment 1, good control of nematode
      contamination of pasture was indicated by lower worm burdens in tracer calves
      that grazed with 15 heifers treated orally with a single bolus and by
      significantly decreased numbers of nematode eggs in the feces of the 15 treated
      heifers, as compared with numbers of eggs in the feces of 15 nontreated control
      calves. Significant differences in weight gain were not seen between treated and
      nontreated heifers, probably due to low amounts of larval exposure, the small
      number of heifers evaluated, and parasitic resistance in the heifers, which may
      have developed as a result of prestudy exposure to contaminated pasture. In
      experiment 2, done 1 year after the 1st experiment, using the same pastures that
      were used in experiment 1, young heifers were used. Many of the heifers were
      parasite naive at the beginning of the experiment (ie, nematode eggs were not
      found before the experiment). Treatment with the bolus was effective in
      controlling parasitic gastroenteritis in the heifers and in controlling nematode
      contamination of pasture. Compared with nontreated heifers, treated heifers had
      significantly higher cumulative weight gains, a significant decrease in plasma
      pepsinogen concentrations, and a significant decrease in worm egg excretion. The
      number of worms acquired by tracer calves that were grazed with treated heifers
      was significantly less than for tracer calves that were grazed with nontreated
      heifers.

PMID- 4073634
TI  - Serotype-specific resistance to nasal colonization by Pasteurella haemolytica in
      cattle.
AB  - Vaccination of calves with a Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 antigen
      preparation elicited a serotype-specific inhibition of nasal colonization by P
      haemolytica under field conditions. Inhibition was evidenced by a low frequency
      of nasal colonizations and by relatively few P haemolytica serotype 1 organisms
      isolated from vaccinated calves. The study comprised 3 field trials, each on a
      separate year, and included 480 calves.

PMID- 4073635
TI  - Importance of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of acute pneumonic pasteurellosis
      in calves.
AB  - Acute lung injury was induced in 24 calves by intratracheal inoculation with
      Pasteurella haemolytica. Calves in groups 1 and 2 were neutrophil depleted, using
      hydroxyurea given IV. Group 1 calves (n = 7) were inoculated intratracheally with
      saline solution, and group 2 calves (n = 7) were inoculated with P haemolytica.
      Group 3 calves (n = 7) had normal numbers of neutrophils and were inoculated with
      P haemolytica. Group 4 calves (n = 3) were treated acutely with hydroxyurea IV,
      had normal numbers of neutrophils, and were inoculated with P haemolytica. After
      inoculation, calves with normal numbers of neutrophils (groups 3 and 4) became
      hypoxemic 2 hours after inoculation, and hypoxemia persisted until necropsy (6
      hours after inoculation). These calves also developed tachypnea, bradycardia,
      neutropenia, and lymphopenia. Lung lesions consisted of necrosis of the alveolar
      walls, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, and a severe exudative and necrotizing
      bronchopneumonia, with accumulation of proteinaceous fluid in alveoli and
      lymphatics. In neutrophil-depleted calves (groups 1 and 2), blood gas values,
      heart and respiratory rates, and numbers of circulating leukocytes did not change
      after inoculation with saline solution or with P haemolytica. At necropsy, the
      lungs of neutrophil-depleted calves were grossly normal. Therefore, neutrophils
      were required for the acute lung injury induced by P haemolytica. The protective
      effect of neutrophil depletion was a specific effect of hydroxyurea because
      calves with high circulating concentrations of hydroxyurea and calves with normal
      numbers of neutrophils (group 4) developed lung injury.

PMID- 4073636
TI  - Effect of antibiotics and vehicles on bovine mammary polymorphonuclear leukocyte
      morphologic features, viability, and phagocytic activity in vitro.
AB  - Effects of antibiotics and antibiotic vehicles on polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      (PMNL) isolated from bovine mammary glands were studied in vitro. Amikacin,
      dicloxacillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, lincomycin, nitrofurantoin, novobiocin
      penicillin, polymyxin B, rifampin, tetracycline, or tiamulin was added to culture
      medium at 1 mg/ml and chloramphenicol was added at 4 mg/ml. Drug concentrations
      were equivalent to those detected in milk immediately after injection into the
      mammary gland. Vehicles included mineral oil and peanut oil, each at a dilution
      of 1:100 in culture medium. The PMNL morphologic features, viability, and
      phagocytic activity were evaluated. In comparison with the phosphate-buffered
      saline solution (PBSS) control, significant (P less than 0.05) alterations in
      normal cell morphologic features were observed in PMNL cultured with
      tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, erythromycin, polymyxin B, rifampin, novobiocin
      penicillin, chloramphenicol, tiamulin, or peanut oil. Viabilities of PMNL
      cultured with chloramphenicol, novobiocin-penicillin, or tiamulin were
      significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced when compared with those of PBSS
      controls. Addition of Staphylococcus aureus to culture medium enhanced
      morphologic alterations and reduced viabilities of PMNL. Phagocytosis of S aureus
      by PMNL was significantly (P less than 0.05) depressed in medium containing
      novobiocin-penicillin, amikacin, rifampin, chloramphenicol, tiamulin, or peanut
      oil in comparison with that of PMNL incubated in PBSS.

PMID- 4073637
TI  - Mononuclear phagocytes of transport-stressed horses with viral respiratory tract
      infection.
AB  - Twelve horses comprised 3 treatment groups; all horses in 2 of the groups had
      recently been transported and had clinical and laboratory evidence of respiratory
      tract infection, with equine influenza type 2 virus being the principal pathogen.
      Mononuclear phagocytes and other leukocytes from blood, lung, and peritoneal
      cavity were studied in phagocytosis and erythrocyte-antibody (EA) rosette assays.
      Total numbers of pulmonary alveolar macrophages were increased over control
      values in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of group 3 horses after recovery
      from influenza (P less than 0.02), whereas the increase in neutrophils in the
      fluid of those horses approached significance. Lymphocytes in BAL fluid of group
      3 horses (after recovery from influenza) were in larger proportion than those in
      fluid of group 1 horses during acute influenza (P less than 0.05). Pulmonary
      alveolar macrophages of group 1 horses formed a lower percentage of EA rosettes
      than did those of controls (P less than 0.01) or group 3 horses (P less than
      0.02). The differential counts of peritoneal macrophages and neutrophils in
      horses of groups 1 and 3 were virtually identical at the first collection, but
      differed from controls at the second collection 4 weeks later; peritoneal
      macrophages were reduced (P less than 0.01), whereas peritoneal neutrophils were
      increased (P less than 0.01). Peritoneal macrophages and peritoneal neutrophils
      of horses with acute influenza were phagocytic in larger proportion than were
      those in controls at both collection times (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.01
      for peritoneal macrophages, and P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05 for
      peritoneal neutrophils, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4073638
TI  - Hepatobiliary transport of indocyanine green and sulfobromophthalein in fed and
      fasted horses.
AB  - Fasting is associated with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in several species,
      including the horse. Studies in ponies showed that a 3-day fast decreased plasma
      clearance of bilirubin, cholic acid, and sulfobromophthalein (BSP). Since these
      organic anions are conjugated with different substrates, it is possible that
      observed differences in plasma clearance result from a general decrease in
      hepatic conjugating capacity during the animals' fasting. To test this
      hypothesis, the effects of a 3-day fast on plasma clearance of IV injected BSP
      (4.4 to 5.1 mg/kg), which is conjugated to glutathione, and indocyanine green
      (ICG; 0.8 to 1.1 mg/kg), which is not conjugated, were studied in 10 healthy
      horses and 2 ponies with diverted enterohepatic circulations (indwelling T
      tubes). Blood samples were obtained for 30 minutes after injection, and bile
      samples from ponies were obtained for 3 hours. Fasting increased plasma bilirubin
      concentration in all animals studied (from 1.03 +/- 0.337 mg/dl in control
      animals to 3.49 +/- 1.01 mg/dl in fasted animals). Kinetic values of ICG
      disappearance were determined from single exponential functions, and those for
      BSP were determined from both single and curvilinear (2-exponential) functions.
      Plasma clearance of BSP in fed horses (8.65 +/- 1.02 ml X min-1 X kg-1) was
      greater than clearance of ICG (3.54 +/- 0.67 ml X min-1 X kg-1), results similar
      to those reported in dogs, cats, rats, and persons. Fasting significantly
      decreased fractional plasma disappearance rate of both BSP (-36%) and ICG (-58%)
      and similarly reduced plasma clearance (BSP,-48%; ICG,-55%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4073640
TI  - Studies on the pathogenesis of Salmonella heidelberg infection in weanling pigs.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to define the pathogenic potential of Salmonella
      heidelberg in weanling pigs. Oral inoculation with S heidelberg resulted in
      severe catarrhal enterocolitis with accumulation of large amounts of fluid in the
      small intestine and colon. Salmonella heidelberg was demonstrated, with
      fluorescence microscopy and bacteriologic cultural techniques, to colonize the
      ileum, to invade ileal mucosal enterocytes, and to reach mesenteric lymph nodes
      and extraintestinal tissues by 8 hours. In 5 pigs, intestinal loops were
      surgically prepared and inoculated with S heidelberg (to determine its
      invasiveness). Microscopically, there were atrophy of villi, erosion of
      enterocytes, and neutrophilic infiltration in the lamina propria.
      Ultrastructurally, intracellular bacteria were demonstrated in villous and
      cryptal enterocytes, as well as in macrophages of the lamina propria. Bacteria
      were morphologically intact, occurred free and membrane-bound and caused no
      detectable cytotoxic effect to the cell.

PMID- 4073639
TI  - Passive transfer failure in horses: incidence and causative factors on a breeding
      farm.
AB  - A prospective study was performed to determine the incidence and associated
      maternal and managemental factors of failure of passive transfer (FPT) in foals
      on a breeding farm. The zinc sulfate turbidity test (ZSTT) and latex
      agglutination test (LAT) were compared for accuracy in estimating serum
      immunoglobulin (Ig)G of foals, as determined by single radial immunodiffusion
      (SRID). Complete past and present foaling histories of 136 Standardbred mares
      were obtained. All foalings were witnessed by farm attendants, and colostral
      samples were collected from mares within 2 hours after parturition. Foals that
      did not rise and nurse were supplemented with colostrum from the dam, using a
      bottle or nasogastric tube. Serum samples were prepared from foals and mares
      between 24 and 36 hours after parturition, and from some mares 45 to 90 days
      before parturition. Serum IgG concentrations of mares and foals and colostral
      whey were determined, using SRID. Serum IgG also was estimated in foals, using
      ZSTT and a commercially available LAT. Four of the 136 foals (2.9%) had FPT
      (serum IgG less than or equal to 400 mg/dl). Serum IgG concentrations in foals
      significantly correlated with colostral IgG (P less than 0.001). A significantly
      larger proportion of foals with FPT were bottle-fed their colostrum (P less than
      0.01). Month of parturition, mare age, parity, number of barren seasons,
      incidence of assisted births or retained placenta, or prepartum serum IgG
      concentrations did not significantly affect colostral IgG concentrations or serum
      IgG concentrations in foals. As serum IgG concentrations in foals decreased and
      as colostral IgG concentrations decreased, the proportion of mares that
      prelactated significantly (P less than 0.01) increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4073641
TI  - Assessment of compensatory renal function and [125I]iothalamate clearance in
      sheep.
AB  - Compensatory renal function and sodium [125I]iothalamate clearance were studied
      in 4 adult Merino ewes. Renal clearances of inulin (CIN), iothalamate (CIOT), and
      p-aminohippurate (CPAH) were used to measure renal function before and 7 and 170
      days after 50% and 75% reductions in renal mass. Renal mass reduction to 50% of
      normal was achieved by ligation of the right renal artery, and to 25% of normal
      by ligating the right renal artery and branches of the left renal artery. Renal
      function (CIN and CPAH) after 50% renal mass reduction was 78% of normal on
      postligation day (PLD) 7 and 64% of normal on PLD 170. This decrease in renal
      function between PLD 7 and 170 was significant (P less than 0.05). Renal function
      (CIN and CPAH) after 75% renal mass reduction was 55% of normal on PLD 7 and 48%
      on PLD 170; however, this decrease in renal function between PLD 7 and 170 was
      not significant. Results indicated that, shortly after 50% renal mass reduction
      by renal arterial ligation, renal function in ewes was greater than that
      previously reported after unilateral nephrectomy and that a further decrease in
      renal function developed within 6 months after ligation. The mean CIOT in healthy
      ewes was 2.46 ml/min/kg of body weight. In healthy ewes and in ewes after renal
      mass reduction, regression of the simultaneous CIOT and CIN was CIOT = 0.276 +
      1.05 CIN. The CIOT was higher than the corresponding CIN, and remained
      significantly (P less than 0.01) and consistently higher. Therefore, iothalamate
      can be used to estimate glomerular filtration rate in sheep, although a
      correction factor is required.

PMID- 4073642
TI  - Lymphocyte blastogenesis, complement fixation, and fecal culture as diagnostic
      tests for paratuberculosis in North American wild ruminants and domestic sheep.
AB  - The efficacy of the lymphocyte blastogenesis and complement-fixation tests and
      fecal culture for detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection was
      assessed in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), mule
      deer (Odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (O virginianus), bighorn X mouflon
      (O musimon) hybrid sheep, and domestic sheep. Spontaneously infected bighorns
      were tested at the time of capture; experimentally infected animals were tested
      monthly for 12 months or periodically for 36 months. Lymphocyte blastogenesis
      tests were conducted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells and protein antigens
      of M avium, M bovis, and M paratuberculosis. Best diagnostic results were
      obtained when M avium purified-protein derivative was used as antigen and 20%
      bovine fetal serum was incorporated in the culture medium; a positive test was
      defined as a stimulation index greater than or equal to 3.5. Test sensitivity and
      specificity, respectively, were 82% and 94% in hybrid sheep and were 72% and 100%
      in domestic sheep. Sensitivity and specificity, respectively, were 39% and 94% in
      elk and 53% and 92% in deer. When infection was determined in spontaneously
      infected bighorns by culture of M paratuberculosis and/or the presence of acid
      fast bacilli in characteristic microscopic lesions, sensitivity was 75% and
      specificity was 87%. Fecal cultures and the complement-fixation tests seldom
      correctly identified infected animals.

PMID- 4073643
TI  - Serologic response and lesions in goats experimentally infected with
      Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis of caprine and equine origins.
AB  - Fifteen goat kids were experimentally inoculated with Corynebacterium
      pseudotuberculosis. Five were given a strain of caprine origin (nitrate-negative
      biotype) intradermally, 5 were given a strain of equine origin (nitrate-positive
      biotype) intradermally, and 5 were inoculated intranasally with the caprine
      origin strain. Animals were monitored for 127 days. The goats given the inocula
      intradermally developed abscesses; those given caprine-origin strain had multiple
      lesions both peripherally and in visceral locations (primarily endothoracic
      abscesses), whereas those given the equine-origin strain had abscesses only at
      injection sites and draining nodes. The difference in extent of lesions could be
      due to biotypic bacterial differences or to the individual strains used.
      Intranasally inoculated goats did not develop abscesses and were essentially no
      different from controls. The cranial part of the respiratory tract may not be an
      important portal of entry for C pseudotuberculosis. Serum samples obtained
      monthly from all animals were subjected to the synergistic hemolysis-inhibition
      test, which measures antibodies to the exotoxin of C pseudotuberculosis. Animals
      with abscesses developed titers within 1 month of inoculation. Animals without
      abscesses remained seronegative. The synergistic hemolysis-inhibition test may be
      a reliable diagnostic assay for caseous lymphadenitis in goats.

PMID- 4073644
TI  - Application of the log-linear and logistic regression models in the prediction of
      systemic lupus erythematosus in the dog.
AB  - This study sought to mathematically define canine systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE) by unifying diagnostic criteria proposed by others. Thirty-one cases of
      canine SLE were selected for modeling when 4 different published schemes agreed
      on the diagnosis, and 122 controls were selected when a patient's status met no
      scheme's criteria. The log-linear method showed an association between SLE and
      polyarthritis, hematologic abnormalities, renal damage, dermatologic disorders,
      and antinuclear antibody test response (positive). Logistic regression was then
      used to derive a predictive algorithm that could identify cases and controls with
      which all published criteria would be in accordance. The final equation correctly
      classified 93.5% of the affected dogs and 98.4% of the controls. It was concluded
      that the log-linear and logistic regression models are useful for the diagnosis
      of clinically similar, but distinguishable, disease states.

PMID- 4073645
TI  - Intranasal inoculation of chickens with encapsulated or nonencapsulated variants
      of Haemophilus paragallinarum: electron microscopic evaluation of the nasal
      mucosa.
AB  - Chickens were inoculated intranasally with encapsulated or nonencapsulated
      strains of Haemophilus paragallinarum. The nasal mucosa of the chickens were
      examined, using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In chickens given
      the encapsulated variant, marked loss of cilia and microvilli, infiltration of
      leukocytes, and deposition of a mucopurulent substance were seen on the surface
      of the nasal mucosa; the number of microvillous cells were markedly increased,
      and infiltration of mast cells into the lamina propria of the mucous membrane was
      observed. Numerous encapsulated organisms were found near cilia and on
      microvillous cells, and the capsule surrounding the organisms appeared to mediate
      attachment of the organisms to the cilia. In contrast, the nasal mucosa of the
      chickens given the nonencapsulated variants changed little morphologically. A few
      nonencapsulated organisms were found near cilia. Colonization of the nasal mucosa
      by encapsulated organisms probably was essential to induce the morphologic
      changes seen in the nasal mucosa.

PMID- 4073646
TI  - Preliminary characterization of a serum viral inhibitor in goats.
AB  - A serum viral inhibitor (SVI) was isolated from goats and partially
      characterized. The inhibitor prevented the cytopathic effects of vesicular
      stomatitis virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, and a caprine herpesvirus,
      indicating broad antiviral activity. The SVI was distinct from interferon because
      SVI did not induce an antiviral state in cells (ie, lack of protection of SVI
      treated cells from virus challenge). The SVI had activity on heterologous cells,
      including human, bovine, and ovine cells. The lack of antiviral activity in mouse
      cells indicated that SVI was not an antibody. Like fibroblast interferon,
      however, SVI was sensitive to trypsin, was acid stable at pH 2 and 4 C for 4
      days, was heat stable at 56 C for 1 hour, and could not be sedimented by
      centrifugation at 100,000 X g for 4 hours.

PMID- 4073647
TI  - Intradermal testing of swine to monitor changes in delayed hypersensitivity
      response.
AB  - Pigs were tested (intradermal injection) on the abdomen with either
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or PHA and tuberculin. The response to PHA was
      consistent; double-skin thickness averaged 247% of the preinjection thickness
      during daily testing. Pigs that were primed with Freund's complete adjuvant had a
      mean double-skin thickness of 208% for tuberculin and 236% for PHA, indicating
      that the mitogen induced an antigen-like response. Unexpectedly, injections of
      dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg of body weight on 2 days) increased the reactivity to
      both tuberculin and PHA, indicating that the lymphocyte and macrophage response
      to dexamethasone in swine may be slightly different than the response reported in
      other species.

PMID- 4073648
TI  - Suppressive effect of nonviable Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on phytohemagglutinin
      induced transformation of swine lymphocytes.
AB  - The effect of nonviable Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on transformation of swine
      peripheral blood lymphocytes by mitogen was investigated. Lymphocyte
      transformation was evaluated as incorporation of [3H]-thymidine, using a
      microculture system. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was grown in Friis medium,
      inactivated with sodium azide, and washed with phosphate-buffered saline
      solution. Four strains of M hyopneumoniae, strain J, strain 11, and 2 low-passage
      isolates (1361A, 1375C), were found to suppress phytohemagglutinin-induced
      lymphocyte transformation. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strains J, 11, and 1361A
      reduced lymphocyte transformation by about 50%, whereas strain 1375C reduced
      lymphocyte transformation by 98.7%. The suppressive effect was abrogated by
      heating M hyopneumoniae at 60 C or at higher temperatures for 30 minutes.
      Sonication of the heated M hyopneumoniae cells partially restored the suppressive
      effect.

PMID- 4073649
TI  - Passive protection of segmented swine colonic loops against swine dysentery.
AB  - Swine-ligated loops were used to demonstrate passive protection against swine
      dysentery. Loops inoculated with immune sera containing complement and with
      homologous Treponema hyodysenteriae were normal at necropsy. Loops inoculated
      with heat-inactivated immune sera and heterologous T hyodysenteriae were not
      protected. Loops inoculated with heat-inactivated immune sera and homologous T
      hyodysenteriae were partially protected. Positive control loops inoculated with
      isolate B204 (88%) or B234 (44%) T hyodysenteriae and normal sera developed
      lesions typical of swine dysentery, whereas negative control loops inoculated
      with nonexposed sera only were normal.

PMID- 4073650
TI  - Morphologic features of the cervical intervertebral disks and adjacent vertebral
      bodies of horses.
AB  - The intervertebral disks and adjacent vertebral bodies of the 2nd to 7th cervical
      vertebrae from 17 horses (3 months to 19 years of age) were examined grossly and
      by light microscopy. In each specimen, the disk tissue was fibrocartilagenous
      centrally and became more fibrous peripherally, but without a distinct
      demarcation between the nucleus pulposus and anulus fibrosus. Demarcation between
      the anulus fibrosus and the dorsal longitudinal ligament was not apparent. With
      increasing age of the horses, cellularity of the central fibrocartilagenous
      portion of the disk decreased. The caudal end plates of the vertebrae had an
      increase in width and bone density with increasing age. In specimens from horses
      of all ages, the cranial end plate of the vertebrae had only a thin rim of dense
      bone. The cranial physis of each vertebral body was closed at 3 years of age,
      whereas the caudal physis of vertebral bodies was discontinuous in 6- to 9-year
      old horses and was completely absent in horses greater than or equal to 12 years.
      Disruption of fibers of the anulus fibrosus by small amounts of fibro-cartilage
      was observed in disks from 5 horses. This change was similar to a Hansen type II
      disk prolapse.

PMID- 4073651
TI  - Thermography of the bovine scrotum.
AB  - Thermographic patterns of the bovine scrotum were established in 15 clinically
      normal bulls and were compared with patterns in 10 bulls with scrotal and
      testicular diseases. Thermography of a normal scrotum was characterized by a
      symmetrical and constant thermal pattern with a temperature gradient of 4 degrees
      to 6 degrees (C) from the base to the apex of the scrotum. There was a
      significant difference (P less than 0.05) in the temperature from the base to the
      apex of the scrotum (34.94 +/- 0.60 C to 30.11 +/- 0.91 C). Lack of thermal
      symmetry was seen in bulls with unilateral lesions. Inflammation of one testicle
      increased ipsilateral scrotal infrared emission temperature 2.5 degrees to 3
      degrees (C) above that in the contralateral side. If both testes were inflamed
      and hyperemic, there was an overall increase in scrotal temperature of at least 3
      degrees (C), and a reduction in temperature gradient of 2 to 3 degrees (C) from
      the base to the apex of the scrotum. Area temperatures in bulls with chronic
      testicular degeneration with fibrosis were reduced.

PMID- 4073652
TI  - Microscopic characteristics of genital end bulbs in the penis of bulls.
AB  - Light microscopic sections of Epon-embedded bull penis were examined for nerve
      endings. Tissue was taken from the dorsal midline of the glans penis and from the
      free portion of the penis in 6 mature bulls. Genital end bulbs were identified in
      both regions of the penis and were located from 1 to 500 micron beneath the
      epithelium, with most end bulbs concentrated next to the epithelium in the glans
      penis. Occasionally, end bulbs were found within nerve trunks. Other encapsulated
      endings were not seen. Ultrastructural correlation of the light and electron
      microscopic appearance of spherical end bulbs and elongated end bulbs indicated
      that their structure was identical. Two to 6 neurites filled with mitochondria
      were surrounded by several layers of thin cytoplasmic lamellae. The lamellae were
      characterized by pinocytotic vesicles, microtubules, and a scant basal lamina. A
      capsule of differing thickness enclosed the end bulbs. Fewer capsular layers
      surrounded more superficially located end bulbs. Near the epithelium, there were
      gaps in the capsule. Nonmyelinated fibers were seen within end bulbs and between
      end bulbs and the epithelium.

PMID- 4073653
TI  - X-ray powder diffraction and microscopic analysis of crystalluria in dogs with
      ethylene glycol poisoning.
AB  - Most of the urinary crystals in 2 dogs intoxicated with ethylene glycol had
      prismatic (rod-like, hippurate-like), and to a less extent, hemp seed or spindle
      shapes. Using X-ray powder diffraction and optical analysis, these crystals were
      identified as calcium oxalate monohydrate. A few crystals of calcium oxalate
      dihydrate (envelope shape) were also observed in the urine sediment. Their
      presence was confirmed by the appearance of weak X-ray peaks having interplanar
      spacings ranging from 0.617 to 0.620 nm, which are thought to correspond to the
      200 X-ray reflection of calcium oxalate dihydrate. Thus, the 6-sided hippurate
      like crystals in the urine of ethylene glycol-poisoned dogs are actually calcium
      oxalate monohydrate.

PMID- 4073654
TI  - Thresholds of the dog for detection of inhaled eugenol and benzaldehyde
      determined by electroencephalographic and behavioral olfactometry.
AB  - Electroencephalographic olfactometry and behavioral olfactometry were developed
      to evaluate objectively the olfactory function of 12 dogs. These techniques were
      used to determined normative thresholds for benzaldehyde, a mixed olfactory and
      trigeminal stimulant, and eugenol, a suspected pure olfactory stimulant, in 12
      dogs. Both techniques were effective in obtaining a mean threshold for clinically
      normal dogs. Electroencephalographic olfactometry was demonstrated to be more
      sensitive than was behavioral olfactometry. The techniques measured olfactory
      function by failure to evoke responses in dogs after ablation of olfactory
      mucosa. The contribution of trigeminal stimulation to the thresholds was not
      determined.

PMID- 4073655
TI  - Enzyme immunoassay for surveillance of Q fever.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to monitor antibodies
      against Coxiella burnetii among animal populations used in research and teaching
      facilities. Various antigenic components of C burnetii prepared from phase I and
      phase II whole cells and commercially available antigens were evaluated. A
      trichloroacetic acid extract was selected for routine use. There was a linear
      relationship between the transformed absorbance readings of the ELISA results and
      microagglutination (MA) titers. Comparison between positive or negative results
      of the MA test and ELISA gave 98.6% concordance. Using the MA test as the
      standard, ELISA results were 97.8% sensitive and 100% specific. The efficacy of
      ELISA was evaluated by testing ruminants with known histories of C burnetii
      infection. Antibody prevalence was 0 in 117 sheep with no history of C burnetii
      infection, 22% in 145 naturally infected sheep used for research, and 53% in 115
      sheep used for vaccine field trials. Forty-eight percent of 120 dairy cows and
      52% of 79 goats from endemically infected herds were seropositive. These results
      indicate that ELISA should be the test of choice for mass screening and
      surveillance of animals when Q fever is a suspected biohazard.

PMID- 4073656
TI  - Characterization of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis antigenic proteins.
AB  - The characterization of a purified antigen from Mycobacterium paratuberculosis,
      recently made commercially available for use in serodiagnosis by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA), of paratuberculosis in cattle was described. This
      assay had 89% specificity and 83% sensitivity for M paratuberculosis infection.
      The protein/polypeptide composition of the purified antigen was compared with
      that of a crude protoplasmic extract of strain 18 M paratuberculosis used in the
      agar-gel immunodiffusion test and ELISA and with that of sonicated strain 19698 M
      paratuberculosis organisms grown on Dorset-Henley synthetic liquid medium. The
      sonicated M paratuberculosis contained 27 major proteins/polypeptides; the crude
      protoplasmic extract, 18; and the purified antigen contained 14
      proteins/polypeptides, using sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis analysis. The serologic reactivity of these proteins/polypeptides
      were defined, using the enzyme-linked immuno-electrotransfer blot technique. The
      sonicated M paratuberculosis contained 20 serologically reactive
      proteins/polypeptides (34,000 to 84,000 daltons); the crude protoplasmic extract
      contained 3 (37,000 to 45,000 daltons); and the purified extract contained a
      diffuse polypeptide band (34,000 to 38,000 daltons). Identification by enzyme
      linked immuno-electrotransfer blot technique of M paratuberculosis antigens
      reactive in the ELISA will allow us to further study these antigens in the ELISA
      to improve sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic test.

PMID- 4073657
TI  - Psychology and HMOs. New partnership or new adversary?

PMID- 4073658
TI  - The changing role of psychologists in health maintenance organizations.

PMID- 4073659
TI  - Closing in on the cystic fibrosis gene(s)

PMID- 4073660
TI  - Relationship of response to a bronchodilator and decline in forced expiratory
      volume in one second in population studies.
AB  - To study the question of bronchial responsiveness as a risk factor for chronic
      air-flow limitation, we measured the response to inhaled isoproterenol in 795
      subjects drawn from 2 cohorts that have been followed over a 9 to 11-yr period. A
      matched analysis was also performed comparing 44 responsive subjects from these
      cohorts with 132 nonresponsive control subjects. In both cohorts, level of
      response to isoproterenol was associated with rate of decline of FEV1 only among
      "responsive" subjects. These results were confirmed by the matched analysis in
      which rate of decline of FEV1 among responsive subjects was significantly greater
      than that observed in their matched controls. These differences were present
      among smokers as well as nonsmokers and among subjects with and without doctor
      diagnosed chronic bronchitis and asthma. We conclude that bronchial
      hyperresponsiveness is associated with an accelerated decline of FEV1 in
      nonsmokers and ex-smokers as well as in smokers, and that the relationship exists
      before clinical disease is manifest. Further work needs to be done to determine
      whether the association is causal or merely indirect.

PMID- 4073661
TI  - Detection of added respiratory loads in patients with restrictive lung disease.
AB  - In patients with airways obstruction, inspiratory resistive load detection
      conforms to Weber's law: the higher the background or intrinsic pulmonary
      resistance, the greater the threshold resistance (the resistance detected 50% of
      the time, delta R50). In patients with restrictive lung disease, the pulmonary
      elastance is increased, and the present study was undertaken to assess whether
      Weber's law applies to elastic load detection in these patients. In 7 patients
      with restrictive lung disease caused by interstitial fibrosis, there was a
      significantly decreased total lung capacity compared with that in 6 normal
      subjects (mean, 63.1 and 101% predicted, respectively; p less than 0.01) and
      significantly increased total pulmonary elastance (means +/- SD, 14.4 +/- 4.7 and
      9.6 +/- 1.8 cmH2O/L, respectively; p less than 0.05). There was no significant
      difference (p greater than 0.1) between the 2 groups in delta R50; however, the
      elastic load detection threshold, delta E50, was significantly greater (p less
      than 0.05) in the patients than in the normal subjects (mean +/- SD, 2.8 +/- 1.3
      and 1.4 +/- 0.4 cmH2O/L, respectively). When the detection threshold was adjusted
      for the background elastance, however, there was no significant difference
      between the 2 groups (mean +/- SD, 0.21 +/- 0.1 and 0.15 +/- 0.04, respectively;
      p greater than 0.05). These results confirm that Weber's law is also applicable
      to the detection of added elastic loads in patients with restrictive lung
      disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4073662
TI  - Rib cage mobility in pectus excavatum.
AB  - Pectus excavatum is generally regarded as a cosmetic deformity; however, some
      children with pectus excavatum complain of chest pain and exercise limitation.
      Physiologic studies sometimes show mild restrictive changes and suggest an
      increased oxygen cost of breathing. Limitation of rib cage mobility related to
      the deformity may explain these findings. If rib cage mobility is limited, the
      ability of the actively inspiring rib cage to lower abdominal pressure would be
      decreased. If this were so, increased swings in abdominal pressure would be seen
      during the respiratory cycle, especially at times of stress such as during
      exercise. To test the hypothesis that pectus excavatum is associated with
      decreased rib cage mobility, we studied 11 patients with pectus excavatum and 11
      control subjects. Four control subjects were also studied with rib cage mobility
      restricted by chest wall strapping sufficient to decrease vital capacity by 5,
      10, and 40%. Gastric pressure was measured using balloon catheters and was used
      as an index of abdominal pressure. Flow at the mouth was recorded and integrated
      to give volume. Measurements were made at rest, immediately after exercise, and
      during graded voluntary inspiration to total lung capacity. Gastric pressure was
      related to tidal volume, and pressure-volume loops were constructed. There were
      no differences in abdominal pressure swings during respiration between the
      patients with pectus excavatum and the control subjects. Both groups showed
      moderate increase in gastric pressure during inspiration at rest and smaller
      increases or even decreases in abdominal pressure at end inspiration after
      exercise and at total lung capacity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4073663
TI  - Dynamic components of nasal resistance.
AB  - This investigation was undertaken to demonstrate the contributions of dynamic
      vestibular and mucosal components to nasal air-flow resistance in healthy human
      adults. The studies were made by video recording of alar movement,
      electromyography of alar muscle activity, and by computer-assisted
      plethysmographic measurement of nasal air-flow resistance. Inspiratory
      approximation of the alae toward the septum from their expiratory position
      averaged only 0.6 mm at the high nasal ventilation of 35 L/min; it was less at
      lower ventilation and absent during voluntary mouth breathing. Inspiratory
      electromyographic activity also was directly related to the extent of nasal
      ventilation and was absent during voluntary mouth breathing. The activity was
      consistent with phasic muscular restraint of vestibular compliance with
      inspiratory transnasal pressures. Physiologic nasal air-flow resistance changes
      associated with posture, the nasal cycle, exercise, and hyperventilation
      persisted despite immobilization of the alae by splinting the vestibule widely
      open. These changes were abolished by topical decongestant, even in the
      unsplinted nose, and are therefore vascular.

PMID- 4073664
TI  - Moderate alcohol ingestion increases upper airway resistance in normal subjects.
AB  - Apnea during sleep has been associated with both increased pharyngeal resistance
      and nasal obstruction. Alcohol can worsen obstructive sleep apnea, but its
      influence on pharyngeal resistance and nasal patency has not been evaluated.
      Accordingly, we determined the effects of alcohol on pharyngeal and nasal
      resistances in 11 normal awake subjects on 2 separate days. Baseline pharyngeal
      resistance prior to placebo and alcohol was not significantly different. After
      placebo, pharyngeal resistance did not change significantly. However, after
      alcohol, pharyngeal resistance increased from 1.9 +/- 0.5 (SEM) to 3.3 +/- 0.8 cm
      H2O/L/s at 45 min (p less than 0.05) and returned to near baseline level by 90
      min. Baseline nasal resistance varied considerably within subjects on the 2 days,
      but the mean values for baseline nasal resistance on alcohol and placebo days
      were not significantly different. Nasal resistance did not change after placebo,
      but after alcohol, nasal resistance increased from 2.4 +/- 0.9 at baseline to 3.7
      +/- 0.8 at 45 min (NS) and to 4.3 +/- 1.2 cm H2O/L/s at 90 min (p less than
      0.05). We conclude that a decrease in pharyngeal airway size and an increase in
      nasal resistance may account for alcohol's ability to worsen obstructive sleep
      apnea.

PMID- 4073665
TI  - Macrophages stimulate DNA synthesis in rat alveolar type II cells.
AB  - Proliferation of alveolar type II cells after lung injury is crucial for repair
      of the epithelium. Because an influx of macrophages occurs as part of the
      inflammatory response associated with acute lung injury and macrophages produce
      mitogenic factors for a variety of cell types, experiments were conducted to
      determine if macrophages stimulated DNA synthesis in type II cells. Dialyzed
      medium conditioned by macrophages consistently stimulated type II cell DNA
      synthesis, whereas medium conditioned by a variety of other cell types did not. A
      SV40-transformed macrophage cell line, produced in our laboratory, also secreted
      substance(s) that enhanced 3H-thymidine incorporation into type II cells. In
      addition, coculturing rat alveolar macrophages with type II cells stimulated DNA
      synthesis in the epithelial cells. As determined by autoradiography, the addition
      of macrophages to type II cells cultured on plastic or on an endothelial cell
      extracellular matrix increased the labeling index of the epithelial cells from 1
      to 15% and from 19 to 51%, respectively. The culture conditions that promoted the
      greatest increase in DNA synthesis, as well as an increase in cell number,
      occurred with type II cells plated on an extracellular matrix in medium
      containing macrophage-conditioned medium, cholera toxin, insulin, and epidermal
      growth factor. The results suggest that substances secreted by macrophages play a
      role in regulating alveolar type II cell proliferation in vivo.

PMID- 4073666
TI  - The penetration of rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and pyrazinoic acid into mouse
      macrophages.
AB  - The degree of penetration of rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and its metabolite
      pyrazinoic acid in mouse macrophages was evaluated over a period of 24 h. Cell
      cultures were exposed to 14C-labeled drugs at concentrations corresponding to
      peak, trough, and intermediate serum concentrations observed in humans after
      administration of therapeutic doses. The study was carried out with dead,
      resident, and stimulated peritoneal macrophages. The results indicated that the 3
      compounds penetrate macrophages rapidly. At the lower concentrations, uptake of
      the 3 drugs is practically complete. With increasing concentrations, the absolute
      amount in the intracellular compartment increased. Comparison of the degree of
      penetration of the 3 drugs into dead, resident, and stimulated macrophages seems
      to suggest that the process of transfer through the macrophage wall is of a
      passive nature and not related to the metabolic state of the cells. Analysis of
      the binding of the 3 drugs to intracellular proteins indicated that more binding
      sites are probably available for rifampicin than for the other 2 drugs.

PMID- 4073667
TI  - Dynamic aspects of the in vitro chemotherapeutic activity of ansamycin
      (rifabutine) on mycobacterium intracellulare.
AB  - The in vitro action of ansamycin against Mycobacterium intracellulare was studied
      using continuous, dynamic (a rapidly falling off concentration simulating that
      existing in vivo in humans), and pulsed exposures. Ansamycin at a concentration
      of 5 micrograms/ml showed bactericidal activity starting from as early as 3 days
      after constant exposure. In the dynamic model with the drug present in
      bactericidal concentration for only 2 h a day, bactericidal activity was
      demonstrated. With pulsed exposure, a minimal period of 72 to 96 h is necessary
      for effective inhibitory action.

PMID- 4073668
TI  - Culture of human nasal epithelial cells on collagen matrix supports. A comparison
      of bioelectric properties of normal and cystic fibrosis epithelia.
AB  - The feasibility of culturing human nasal epithelial cells was tested by plating
      on permeable collagen matrices primary isolates of epithelial cells from normal
      (n = 21) and atopic (n = 5) subjects and from subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF)
      (n = 13). The cells were cultured in serum-free, hormone-supplemented medium for
      5 days followed by maintenance in conditioned medium with 1% serum. A
      transepithelial electric potential difference (PD) exceeding 1.0 mV developed in
      most preparations (71%). The PD reached a peak by Day 10 and declined slowly
      thereafter. The maximal PD of CF epithelia (-32.4 +/- 5.8 mV, n = 9) on collagen
      matrices exceeded that of normal (-11.3 +/- 1.8 mV, n = 15) and atopic (-13.5 +/-
      2.5, n = 5) epithelia. The maximal PD for both CF and normal cultures exceeded
      that of freshly excised preparations. This difference reflected higher
      transepithelial resistance of cultures as compared with intact preparations. The
      efficacy of amiloride (10(-4) M) to reduce the PD was greater in cultures of CF
      epithelia (-85 +/- 4.6%, n = 7) than it was in cultures of normal (-45.5 +/-
      5.0%, n = 11) and atopic (-50.5 +/- 2.9%, n = 5) epithelia, whereas the
      hyperpolarization induced by replacement of Cl- in the apical bath was smaller
      for CF cultures (5.9 +/- 1.5 mV) than it was for normal (9.3 +/- 0.9 mV) and
      atopic (8.8 +/- 0.5 mV) cultures. We conclude that nasal epithelial cells will
      form high resistance barriers when cultured on collagen matrices.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4073669
TI  - Attenuation by 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid of acute lung injury induced by cobra
      venom factor in the rat.
AB  - Neutrophil-derived oxygen metabolites are thought to play an important role in
      the genesis of acute lung injury in a variety of diseases. In an effort to find
      an agent that might limit the injury, we evaluated the beneficial effects of 2,3
      dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), a drug that has been safely administered to humans
      as an iron-chelating agent. Because experimental evidence has demonstrated that
      DHB can act as an inhibitor of free radical-induced reactions, we tested its
      protective effect against the neutrophil-dependent lung injury that occurs in
      rats after the intravenous infusion of cobra venom factor (CVF). Using a
      permeability index that measures the amount of intravenously administered 125I
      albumin that accumulates in lung tissue, we found that pretreatment with DHB
      reduced (p less than 0.05) the lung injury in CVF-treated rats in a dose
      dependent manner. Morphometric analysis of lung tissue indicated that the
      protection by DHB was not caused by inhibition of CVF-induced neutrophil
      sequestration within the lung vasculature. Because iron-saturated DHB did not
      attenuate lung injury, and because in vitro experiments demonstrated that DHB
      inhibited iron-hydrogen peroxide-induced peroxidation of phospholipid liposomes,
      we suspect that DHB may be protecting the lung via chelation of iron. We conclude
      that dihydroxybenzoic acid protects the rat lung from the neutrophil-dependent
      lung injury that occurs after cobra venom factor infusion. Because this drug has
      been safely administered to humans, it may have potential as an agent to prevent
      acute lung injury.

PMID- 4073670
TI  - Pulmonary function and peripheral airway disease in patients with mineral dust or
      fume exposure.
AB  - Cigarette smoking and mineral dust exposure combined result in small airways
      function abnormalities difficult to distinguish from smoking effects alone. To
      determine if mineral dust or fume exposure in smokers results in additional
      changes in small airways structure and function, we studied small airways disease
      and pulmonary function in 25 persons (62.4 +/- 8.8 yr) with exposure to mineral
      dust or fume for 10 yr or more and compared them individually with control
      subjects without dust exposure (61.8 +/- 8.5 yr) matched for age, smoking
      history, and lobe resected. All subjects were patients undergoing surgical
      resection for isolated coin lesions. Occupational histories and measurements of
      lung volumes, flow rates, small airways function, diffusing capacity, and
      pressure-volume relationships were obtained preoperatively. Membranous
      bronchioles were graded for the presence and degree of mural inflammation,
      fibrosis, muscle, pigment, and squamous and goblet cell metaplasia. Respiratory
      bronchioles were similarly graded for inflammation, fibrosis, muscle, pigment,
      and lumenal macrophages. The dust-exposed group had increased fibrous tissue
      deposition and goblet cell metaplasia in the membranous bronchioles (p less than
      0.05). When the exposed group was divided according to occupation into miners (n
      = 13) and nonminers exposed in other dusty jobs (n = 12), the pathologic changes
      were evident in both exposed groups. No differences in pulmonary function were
      seen between the 2 groups. We conclude that occupational exposure to mineral dust
      and fume produces structural changes in peripheral airways that are greater than
      those seen with smoking alone, but these changes were not associated with a
      greater deterioration in lung function.

PMID- 4073671
TI  - Immunocompetent cells in bronchoalveolar lavage reflect the cell populations in
      transbronchial biopsies in pulmonary sarcoidosis.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the
      inflammatory cells seen in transbronchial lung biopsy samples (TBB) and the
      bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) taken from patients with pulmonary
      sarcoidosis. Monoclonal antibodies and histochemical methods were used to
      identify mononuclear inflammatory cells in cryostat tissue sections and to
      compare these with cell populations in BAL-derived cytospin preparations. The
      subsets of lymphocytes identified in BAL accurately reflected the type and
      proportion of subsets present in the TBB. Although the ratio of T4+:T8+
      lymphocytes was variable from patient to patient, concordance between BAL and TBB
      specimens was found in each subject. In the BAL, a high proportion of T
      lymphocytes expressed class II MHC antigen (HLADR+). Monoclonal antibodies were
      also used to identify subpopulations of macrophages and dendritic cells in the
      BAL and tissue samples. Macrophage subsets defined by phenotypic differences were
      found in both cases. Although no clear quantitative correlation could be
      established, a qualitative concordance was revealed. These results suggest that
      analysis of BAL samples accurately reflects the heterogeneity of the mononuclear
      inflammatory cell infiltrate in tissue biopsy samples in sarcoidosis. However,
      the spatial relationships between subpopulations of cells identified by
      immunohistologic analysis in tissue sections offers insights into the
      pathogenetic mechanisms involved that are not revealed by analysis of cytospin
      preparations from BAL.

PMID- 4073672
TI  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome: problems and progress.

PMID- 4073674
TI  - RPM or RCF?

PMID- 4073673
TI  - Diffuse alveolar septal amyloidosis presenting with recurrent hemoptysis and
      medial dissection of pulmonary arteries.
AB  - An unusual case of recurrent hemoptysis in a 56-yr-old woman is presented. After
      all the usual investigations for hemoptysis, left lower lobectomy revealed medial
      dissection of small and medium-sized pulmonary arteries with evidence of amyloid
      deposition. The patient subsequently developed the clinical picture of diffuse
      alveolar septal amyloidosis in association with primary amyloidosis. Pulmonary
      artery dissection is briefly reviewed, and vascular amyloidosis is presented as
      the probable origin in this case.

PMID- 4073675
TI  - The effect of spirometry standards on two occupational cohorts.

PMID- 4073676
TI  - Body composition in the cirrhotic patient with ascites: assessment of total
      exchangeable sodium and potassium with simultaneous serum electrolyte
      determination.
AB  - The precise mechanism of initiation and maintenance of the disturbed fluid and
      electrolyte balance in cirrhotic patients remains unclear. Measurement of total
      exchangeable potassium in 11 cirrhotic patients with ascites revealed marked
      depletion compared to 9 healthy volunteers. Total exchangeable potassium was 50.8
      +/- 5.1 m moles/L TBW in the patient group compared to 75.2 +/- 3.4 m moles/L TBW
      in the control group (P less than 0.01, Mann-Whitney U Test). Total body
      exchangeable sodium measured 80.1 +/- 3.7 m mole/L TBW in the cirrhotic group,
      which is not significantly elevated compared to the value in healthy volunteers
      of 74.1 +/- 1.9 m mole/L TBW. Serum sodium was low in four of the cirrhotic
      patients (129-133 mEq/L); exchangeable sodium was low in only one of these four
      (53.4 m mole/L TBW). Serum potassium was low in two of the cirrhotics (2.6-2.9
      mEq/L); total body potassium was depressed in both of these patients (43.5-50.1 m
      mole/L TBW). An additional three patients had a low total body potassium (29.6
      48.9 m mole/L TBW) with normal serum levels (4.0-4.2 mEq/L). There was no
      correlation between serum and total exchangeable electrolyte levels (Pearson's
      regression, r = 0.16 and 0.23). This work confirms that serum levels are not
      reliable indicators of true body sodium and potassium stores. The decreased total
      exchangeable potassium appears to be related to loss of body cell mass rather
      than intracellular potassium depletion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4073677
TI  - Subpopulations of skeletal muscle mitochondria: response to ischemia.
AB  - The respiratory activity of distinct populations of subsarcolemmal (SS) and
      interfibrillar (IF) skeletal muscle mitochondria was studied in rat hindlimb
      muscle subjected to 30 min of global ischemia at 37 C. State 3 (ADP-dependent)
      and state 4 (ADP-independent) rates of respiration were determined
      polarographically using glutamate as the substrate, in order to calculate the
      respiratory control index (RCI). The RCI is the ratio of state 3 to state 4
      respirations and is a sensitive indicator of mitochondrial coupling. An
      approximately 20 per cent decline in RCI was noted in the SS mitochondria
      following 30 min of warm ischemia. This decrease was a direct result of a
      significant decline in the state 3 respiratory rates. IF RCIs following the
      ischemic interval were not different from control. These data support the concept
      of separate populations of mitochondria within the skeletal muscle cell and
      demonstrate a specific injury pattern in the response to ischemia.

PMID- 4073678
TI  - Radioisotope-assisted diagnosis of traumatic rupture of the diaphragm.
AB  - Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm is usually not diagnosed early after injury.
      We hypothesized that the diagnostic yield could be improved by injecting 50 uC of
      Tc99m macroaggregated albumin in 300 ml of normal saline solution and using
      simple scintillation counting. Thirty dogs were divided into four groups,
      anesthetized, and mechanically ventilated. In all groups, counting was done
      bilaterally 5 cm from the midline at the sternal notch and at 8, 16, 24, 32, 40,
      48, and 56 cm below that level immediately and at 10, 20, and 30 min after
      instillation of the nuclide. In group I, the nuclide was instilled through a left
      thoracostomy tube, and counting was done with the dogs in reversed Trendelenberg
      position. In group II, blunt diaphragmatic rupture was simulated before
      instillation of the nuclide, and counting was done as in group I. In group III,
      the nuclide was instilled through a standard peritoneal lavage catheter, and
      counting was done with the dogs in Trendelenberg position. In group IV, blunt
      diaphragmatic rupture was simulated, nuclide was instilled, and counting was done
      as in group III. In each dog, there was no significant difference in the counts
      per minute (cpm) taken immediately and at 10, 20, and 30 min after instillation.
      In group I, radioactivity was concentrated in the areas adjacent to the
      diaphragm. In group II, radioactivity was concentrated at the sites lowest in the
      abdomen where the mean cpm differed significantly (p = .034) from group
      I.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4073679
TI  - The effect of fundoplication with or without proximal gastric vagotomy on gastric
      emptying and serum gastrin.
AB  - Jordan and Herrington have both advocated the addition of a proximal gastric
      vagotomy [PGV] to fundoplication to improve exposure and decrease the likelihood
      of vagal entrapment which might lead to delayed gastric emptying. This study
      documents the effect of fundoplication with or without PGV on gastric emptying
      and postprandial gastrin values. Twelve dogs had measurement of gastric emptying
      of an isotopically labeled solid meal. Plasma gastrin was also measured at 15-min
      intervals for 1 hr postprandially following a 60 g beef meal. Six of the animals
      then had a standard fundoplication with incorporation of vagi in the wrap; the
      other six underwent fundoplication combined with PGV, excluding the vagi. All
      studies were repeated after 8 weeks. Gastric emptying was unchanged by
      fundoplication alone. PGV resulted in a slight but significant slowing of gastric
      emptying (P = 0.04), values by paired t test. Fundoplication alone had no effect
      on serum gastrin levels, but there was a slight, statistically insignificant
      increase in serum gastrin when PGV was added (P greater than 0.1). This delay
      could aggravate pre-existing emptying problems in patients with esophagitis.
      These data do not support inclusion of proximal gastric vagotomy as a routine
      part of the fundoplication.

PMID- 4073680
TI  - Nutritional immunity: a prospective study of thirty-three patients with acute
      appendicitis.
AB  - During a recent 12-month period, serum iron levels, total iron binding capacities
      (TIBC), and latent iron binding capacities (LIBC) were studied preoperatively and
      72 hrs postoperatively in 33 consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed
      acute appendicitis. Preoperative serum iron levels were significantly reduced in
      these patients (mean serum iron 32 micrograms/dl; P less than .0001) compared to
      established normal values (mean 100 micrograms/dl). LICBs were correspondingly
      elevated whereas TIBCs and mean hemoglobin values remained within the normal
      range. The reduced availability of serum iron in response to an acute infectious
      challenge such as appendicitis supports earlier experimental studies by others
      which suggest that nutritional immunity participates in host resistance to
      infection. In this study, the degree of serum iron suppression was directly
      related to the severity of disease (P less than .01).

PMID- 4073681
TI  - Blunt chest trauma in the elderly.
AB  - Forty-eight patients over 60 years of age who had sustained blunt chest trauma
      were evaluated by injury, treatment, survival, and return to preinjury function.
      The patients ranged in age from 60-92 years (mean 72). The cause of injury was a
      fall in 25 (52.1%) and motor vehicle accident in 20 (41.7%). Twenty-three (47.9%)
      patients had major extrathoracic injuries. The average Injury Severity Score was
      18 (range 5-41). Seven (14.6%) patients were treated with ventilation; six of
      these patients had flail chests, and four (57.1%) intubated patients developed
      pulmonary complications. Nonventilatory therapy was utilized in 41 (85.4%)
      patients; there were two (4.9%) treatment failures who required subsequent
      intubation. Six of 41 (14.6%) developed pneumonia. There was one death overall,
      yielding a mortality rate of 2.1%. Forty-three (89.6%) patients were discharged
      home: 39 (81.3%) to an independent life and four (8.3%) requiring partial
      assistance. Four (8.3%) required long term nursing home care. Severe chest trauma
      alone does not forecast a poor outcome in the elderly. Most elderly patients who
      sustain blunt chest trauma will be able to return to an independent life.
      Nonventilatory therapy, where indicated, is preferred to reduce severe pulmonary
      complications. Antecedent nutritional depletion may indicate the need for
      ventilatory therapy in the elderly chest trauma patient.

PMID- 4073682
TI  - Uses of transcutaneous oxygen monitoring in the management of below-knee
      amputations and skin envelope injuries (SKI).
AB  - Conventional noninvasive hemodynamic techniques may fail to predict reliable
      healing of skin envelope injuries (SKI) in determining the site and timing of
      late amputations and the probability of healing of SKI following
      revascularization of ischemic extremities. This study reports the use of multiple
      transcutaneous oxygen mapping as performed in a cohort of 12 limbs requiring
      below-knee amputation (Group I), 21 patients requiring revascularization for SKI
      with prompt healing (Group II-A) or delayed healing (Group II-B), and 14 patients
      with nonischemic SKI (Group III) who also experienced healing. PtcO2 values
      greater or equal to 25 mm Hg were associated with healing of below-knee
      amputations, while early or late healing complications occurred when amputation
      flap PtcO2 was less than 25 mm Hg. PtcO2 mapping demonstrated significantly lower
      (PtcO2 less than 20 mm Hg) values surrounding nonhealing SKI in Group II-B
      compared to Group II-A and III. These nonhealing SKI appear as "Islands of
      Ischemia" following revascularization, despite adjacent normal pedal PtcO2
      values. These "Islands" tend to occur in diabetic patients with advanced pedal
      atherosclerosis.

PMID- 4073683
TI  - Vascular distensibility and vascular surgery.
AB  - The elastic property of an arterial wall decreases considerably with aging and/or
      with a variety of pathological conditions. The resulting decrease in vascular
      compliance has a profound physiological effect on arterial perfusion. The
      objectives of this study were to assess a quantitative measure of peripheral
      vascular distensibility (D), to apply it in some clinical conditions, and to
      establish a potential means of predicting success in vascular surgery for limb
      salvage. A technique described earlier by us for the determination of D based on
      an accurate measurement of volume change (delta V) with pressure change (delta P)
      was further analyzed and then tested in four groups: the first two were non
      surgical, 18 normal subjects, and 23 hypertensive men paired with 22 normotensive
      men; the last two were surgical, patients undergoing aortofemoral bypass (AFB)
      operations for limb salvage (salvaged vs unsalvaged); and patients who underwent
      below-knee amputations (BKA) for severe arterial insufficiency (healed vs
      unhealed). The results indicate that D can be used as a reliable assessment of
      the pathophysiological status of the arterial system in the lower extremity;
      furthermore, D can be used as a predictor of success in at least two types of
      vascular procedures: AFB with profundoplasty for limb salvage and BKA for severe
      arterial insufficiency.

PMID- 4073684
TI  - [Impact of anthropometric variables and socioeconomic level in arterial pressure
      in childhood].
AB  - 2,069 children of both sexes (1,172 males and 897 females) with ages between two
      and fifteen years old, from Majadahonda (Madrid) have been studied. We registered
      the age, weight, height and arterial pressure of all of them, as well as their
      parents' occupation. The percentage of initial high blood pressure (2.41%) was
      similar to that reported so far in the literature, with a higher incidence within
      the males, and also higher values recorded in the levels of blood pressure among
      the four socioeconomic groups in which the children were classified, but we did
      find a higher percentage of initial high blood pressure in the group defined as
      high-middle class (p less than 0.05). The correlation indexes between arterial
      pressure and weight, body surface, height and years of age, were studied being
      all of them statistically significant, with values ranging from higher to lower
      in this same order (p less than 0.001). No statistically significant difference
      was found between the correlation indexes of blood pressure/height and blood
      pressure/age. We conclude that this last variant is the most useful one to
      establish the normal values of blood pressure in childhood.

PMID- 4073685
TI  - [Comparative study between CPK, LDH and their isoenzymes in the detection of
      carriers of Duchenne's type muscular dystrophy].
AB  - Results of a comparative study of serum activity levels of creatine kinase,
      lactodehydrogenase and their isoenzyme in mothers of 13 children with Duchenne
      progressive muscular distrophy are presented. CPK sensibility was 100%, while
      that of LDH1/LDH2 and LDH5 were 23% and 38,4% respectively. It is concluded that
      CPK has a great liability index, and that it is superior to LDT and their
      isoenzyme for detection of carriers of Duchenne progressive muscular distrophy.

PMID- 4073686
TI  - [Congenital epiphyseal chondrodysplasia punctata. Study of 9 cases].
AB  - Clinical data of nine cases of chondrodysplasia punctata, eight males and one
      female are reported. Two males presented with rhizomelic form, characterized by
      severe symmetrical shortness of humeri and femora, marked metaphyseal changes,
      severe psychomotor retardation and cataracts. Consanguinity of parents in one of
      these cases was consistent with homozygote for an autosomal retarded physical
      development starting early in life. Cataracts were absent, and psychomotor
      development was normal except in two cases who were severely retarded. These two
      cases suffered also from congenital cardiomyopathy (one case of aortic
      coarctation and the other of severe pulmonary hypertension without shunts). These
      seven cases were diagnosed of Conradi-Hunermann type which is a mild form of
      disease.

PMID- 4073687
TI  - [The treatment of acute diarrhea].

PMID- 4073688
TI  - [Hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy. Its possible relation with heat stroke].
AB  - A comparative study of two patients, one affected by haemorrhagic shock and
      encephalopathy (HSE) and the other by heatstroke is reported. Both presented
      shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, neurological damage and
      hepatopathy. A lowered alpha 1-antitrypsin concentration as well as a slightly
      increased circulating immune complexes and complement consumption were observed
      in the HSE patient but not in the heatstroke one. In both, cultures for bacteria
      were negative, the viral serology was non-specific and hepatitis A and B studies
      were negative. HSE patient died. A possible relationship between HSE, heatstroke,
      malignant hyperthermia and halothane hepatitis is postulated. Fever, potentially
      hepatotoxic drugs or unknown agents (HSE) might trigger this clinical picture.

PMID- 4073689
TI  - [Cervical intra-spinal cord lipoma in a 14-month-old girl].
AB  - A 14 months old girl with intramedullary lipoma in cervical region is presented.
      She started illness from newborn age. Spine X-rays showed a great widening of to
      spinal chanal and incomplete closure of vertebral archs in the cervical region.
      Myelography presented images of intramedullary tumor. She died with respiratory
      complications a month later of partially removing the tumor.

PMID- 4073690
TI  - [Pseudoporoencephaly and congenital hydrocephaly as sequelae of a prenatal
      intracranial hemorrhage].
AB  - A term newborn with megacephaly and coagulation disease after a difficult
      delivery is reported. Images of pseudoporencephaly and hydrocephaly were seen in
      the scan as well as recent hemorrhages due to obstetric injury. Possibility of a
      prenatal intracranial hemorrhage being first cause is discussed.

PMID- 4073691
TI  - [Intestinal invagination caused by a lymphangiolipoma].
AB  - We report a 11 year-old boy with ileo-ileal intussusception due to a pediculated
      tumor of the bowel wall. This lesion was found to be a lymphangiolipoma in which
      mature adipose cells were interspersed with dilated lymphatic ressels.
      Tumorectomy by enterotomy was curative. The ranty of this hamartomatous lesion is
      pointed out.

PMID- 4073692
TI  - [Tissue necrosis and gangrene following intramuscular injection].

PMID- 4073693
TI  - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of an aneurysm of the right coronary artery in
      Kawasaki's disease].

PMID- 4073694
TI  - [Renal biopsy and diagnosis of angiitis. 13 cases].
AB  - The renal biopsies of 13 patients presenting with a predominantly renal form of
      angiitis were reviewed. The principal lesions were glomerular with a segmental
      and focal extracapillary glomerular nephritis in all cases. Arteriolar lesions
      with necrosis or granuloma were inconstant (6/13) but necrosis of the tuft
      reflecting capillary involvement were common (11/13). Interstitial tubular
      disease and immunofluorescence were not specific. Renal biopsy is a good
      indication of diagnostic when performed early before the development of
      sclerosis: arteriolar necrosis and suggestive changes: extracapillary segmental
      and focal glomerulonephritis. In the latter case, a careful search for extrarenal
      involvement with guided biopsy studies usually allow a diagnosis to be confirmed.
      The renal and extrarenal clinical signs, the biochemical changes, treatment and
      outcome were analysed. Two of the 13 patients had Wegener's disease, one patient
      had angiitis and linear fixation of IgG along the glomerular and tubular basal
      membranes.

PMID- 4073695
TI  - [Glomerulonephritis secondary to ventriculo-atrial shunts].
AB  - The authors report the case of a 45 year old man who had undergone a ventriculo
      atrial CSF shunt procedure 5 years previously for normal pressure hydrocephalus
      and who had several unexplained episodes of infection over a 12 months period and
      has now developed a mixed nephrotic syndrome associated with a septicaemia.
      Corynebacterium commensale and Staphylococcus epidermis were isolated from the
      valve culture. Ablation of the valve resulted in clinical cure with minimal
      functional renal sequellae. The initial renal biopsy showed type I proliferative
      glomerulonephritis with subendothelial deposits of complement and
      immunoglobulins, which did not completely regress after 3 months' evolution. The
      serum complement fractions suggested activation of the alternate pathway and the
      possible pathogenic role of circulating immune complexes.

PMID- 4073696
TI  - [Acute dietary poisoning by white hellebore (Veratrum album L.). Clinical and
      analytical data. A propos of 5 cases].
AB  - Five cases of acute accidental poisoning with White Hellebore are reported. All
      cases occurred several minutes after the ingestion of home-made gentian wine. The
      clinical signs were nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, hypotension and
      bradycardia. The initial ECG showed sinus bradycardia in 4 cases. In one patient,
      complete atrioventricular block with an ectopic atrial bradycardia and an
      intermittent idioventricular rhythm was recorded. Symptomatic treatment and/or
      atropine led to recovery within a few hours. These symptoms suggested poisoning
      with a veratrum alkaloid. The White Hellebore (Veratrum Album L.) and the Yellow
      Gentian (Gentiana Lutea L.) often grow side by side in the fields; it is easy to
      confuse the two plants before they flower if one is not a botanist. Each gentian
      wine was analysed by thin layer chromatography and chemical ionisation
      spectrometry. All the wines contained Veratrum alkaloids.

PMID- 4073697
TI  - [Choriocarcinomatous neoplastic pulmonary embolism. A case].
AB  - Massive obstruction of the right branches of the pulmonary artery by
      choriocarcinomatous cells was found at embolectomy in a 36 year old woman who had
      had a hydatidiform mole 10 years previously. Several febrile lung infections
      resistant to antibiotic therapy over an 11 months period, had led to a reduction
      in the volume and vascularisation of the right lung. The diagnosis of recurrent
      pulmonary embolism was only suspected when a further embolic episode occurred
      after curettage for a spontaneous abortion at 9 weeks of pregnancy. The
      diagnostic value of increased HCG was masked by the pregnancy. The patient died a
      few days after surgery despite administration of chemotherapy postoperatively.
      The authors discuss the problems in the diagnosis of recurrent pulmonary embolism
      in the absence of a suggestive cause and the problem of detecting the tumoural
      nature of these emboli.

PMID- 4073698
TI  - [Sea-blue histiocytes and storage diseases. 3 cases].
AB  - "Sea-blue" with prominent blue granules on Giemsa staining have been described in
      many diseases. The authors report three cases of storage diseases, in which these
      particular cells have been found. The significance and pathogenesis of "sea-blue"
      histiocytes are discussed.

PMID- 4073699
TI  - [Pseudo-tumoral form of delayed radionecrosis of the brain].
AB  - A 60 year-old woman with a scalp epithelioma underwent radiotherapy, the dose
      being 57 Gray. A first epileptic seizure occurred twenty months later.
      Neurological examination revealed signs of left hemisphere involvement. gamma EG,
      angiography, CT scans, demonstrated a pseudotumoral avascular process. On account
      of the localisation, the patient being right-handed, no surgical procedure was
      performed. In spite of corticotherapy and anticonvulsive treatment, seizures
      recurred and neurological signs slowly progressed. The patient died, 22 months
      after the first seizure, of an associated disseminated carcinoma with cachexia.
      Neuropathological examination showed a massive lesion presenting all the features
      of delayed radionecrosis in the left hemisphere: situated mainly in the white
      matter; numerous vascular abnormalities; wide-spread demyelination; disappearance
      of oligoglial cells. The Authors recall the clinical and anatomical aspects of
      this condition for which the only successful treatment is surgical removal when
      location and size of the lesion permit. Finally, the mechanisms which have been
      proposed to explain this delayed cerebral radionecrosis are discussed.

PMID- 4073700
TI  - [Hospital Pitie-Salpetriere. Case no. 2--1985. Pericarditis and mediastinal mass
      in a 75-year-old woman].

PMID- 4073701
TI  - [Recurrent systemic arterial embolism in patients with valve prostheses].
AB  - The first 400 cases of 1,436 patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement were
      analysed to determine the clinical features of recurrent systemic embolism. The
      average follow-up period was 87 months. Three groups of patients were compared:
      A: 289 cases without embolic complications (72.5 p. 100) B: 78 cases with a
      single systemic thrombo-embolic event. (TEE) (19,5 p. 100) C: 33 cases with
      recurrent TEE (8.25 p. 100). The incidence of recurrence is high (30 p. 100 of
      cases, 8,1 p. 100 per patient year, compared to 3.8 p. 100 for the first TEE).
      The site of recurrent embolism was the same in 45 p. 100 of cases. The
      consequences were serious, 30 to 40 p. 100 of events being associated with death
      or invalidating sequellae. Four factors predisposed to TEE: mitral valve
      prosthesis, atrial fibrillation, left atrial dilatation and poor anticoagulant
      control. Fifty-four months after the first TEE, 60 p. 100 with inadequate
      anticoagulation had a recurrence compared to 20 p. 100 of patients with
      satisfactory control. Twenty-six patients (Groups B and C) had operative or
      autopsy examination of the prosthesis: thrombosis was found in 12 out of 18 cases
      in Group B, and in 7 out of 8 cases in Group C. Reoperation may be necessary to
      change the valve (27 out of 1,436 patients). Strict adherence to anticoagulant
      therapy remains the best prophylaxis against TEE and their recurrence.

PMID- 4073702
TI  - Relationship of mortality to measures of environmental asbestos pollution in an
      asbestos textile factory.

PMID- 4073703
TI  - Asbestos and other fibre levels in buildings.

PMID- 4073704
TI  - Fettlers' exposure to pottery dust in a factory making sanitary whiteware.

PMID- 4073705
TI  - Exposure of welders to fumes, Cr, Ni, Cu and gases in Dutch industries.

PMID- 4073706
TI  - The use of the Perkin Elmer passive sampler and ATD 50 automatic thermal desorber
      in the measurement of atmospheric concentrations of organic nitriles.

PMID- 4073707
TI  - Reproducibility of dust disturbance techniques during clearance sampling after
      asbestos removal.

PMID- 4073708
TI  - Rate of decline of asbestos fibre concentrations in room air.

PMID- 4073709
TI  - Health aspects of alumino-silicate fibre products.

PMID- 4073710
TI  - Barium in welding fume.

PMID- 4073711
TI  - In response to Johnson and Zimmerman. Re: A revisit: ocular hypertension,
      glaucoma suspect, preglaucoma, or glaucoma?

PMID- 4073712
TI  - Phacoemulsification with the Heslin/Mackool Ocusystem: a follow-up report.
AB  - The experience of one surgeon (KBH) with phacoemulsification and the
      Heslin/Mackool Ocusystem is reported. In a study involving 350 cases with a mean
      follow-up period of 20.1 months, 88.6% of the patients achieved a visual acuity
      result of 20/40 or better, and when nonoperative causes of poor vision were
      eliminated, 97.2% of the study group achieved such a result. The most common
      complication cited was opacification of the posterior capsule, occurring 20.0% of
      the time. The authors conclude that the Heslin/Mackool Ocusystem is a safe and
      efficient instrument for phacoemulsification.

PMID- 4073713
TI  - Blepharopigmentation and eyebrow enhancement techniques for maximum cosmetic
      results.
AB  - Cosmetic enhancement of the upper and lower eyelids by implantation of various
      colored pigments is one of the fastest growing procedures in ophthalmic practice.
      A new procedure, called Natural Brows, involves implantation of pigment in the
      brow line with a brush stroke technique in order to simulate brow hair. This
      procedure is particularly useful in patients with sparse brow hair caused by
      "overplucking." Burn victims and patients suffering from scarring after basal
      cell carcinoma removal will benefit from the camouflaging effect of the
      procedure. To achieve optimum cosmetic results, certain guidelines must be
      followed, and a complete evaluation of the patient's ocular morphology must be
      undertaken before surgery. A "paint-by-number" approach to the
      blepharopigmentation procedure is presented that is designed to reduce the risk
      of patient dissatisfaction.

PMID- 4073714
TI  - Ultraviolet absorption of commonly used clip-on sunglasses.

PMID- 4073715
TI  - Surgical results of second-attempt radial keratotomy.
AB  - The safety, efficacy, and stability of second-attempt radial keratotomy were
      evaluated in 20 eyes of 12 patients from September 1, 1982, to August 31, 1983.
      The average amount of refractive error change was 1.89 diopters with 1.38
      diopters of corneal curvature flattening. The effect of the second-attempt
      operation was about 60% that of the first-attempt operation. No significant
      surgical complications were observed in this study.

PMID- 4073716
TI  - Should all chalazia be sent to pathology?

PMID- 4073717
TI  - Central visual field in patients with retinal branch vein occlusion.
AB  - We studied the central visual fields in 11 eyes with retinal branch vein
      occlusion that presented extensive areas of capillary nonperfusion by fluorescein
      angiography. Relative scotomata corresponding to the areas of capillary
      nonperfusion were seen in seven eyes where the venous occlusion was of recent
      onset (average, 11 months). In the remaining four eyes with long-standing venous
      occlusion (average, 24 months), capillary occlusion was associated with absolute
      scotomata.

PMID- 4073718
TI  - Endothelial cell densities in corneal donor material.
AB  - The mean endothelial cell count of 282 donated corneas was 2,665 cells/mm2, and
      the mean donor age was 56.01 years. The majority of the donors were over the age
      of 40 years, and the major causes of death were malignancies and myocardial
      infarction. Vital staining of the endothelium and direct evaluation of cells with
      an inverted phase contrast microscope were used in assessing the viability of
      this monocell layer. Evaluation of endothelial photomicrographs revealed that the
      cell count falls in the first three decades of life and eventually stabilizes
      around 2,600 cells/mm2. It is therefore suggested that patient age should not be
      the primary criterion for donor corneal selection.

PMID- 4073719
TI  - Ocular abnormalities in patients with gout.
AB  - We examined 69 patients with severe gout in a search for associated ocular
      diseases-particularly evidence of uveitis. None of the 69 patients had evidence
      of uveitis, past or present. Three patients had asteroid hyalopathy. The most
      common abnormality was bilateral ocular redness caused by hyperemia of the
      conjunctival and episcleral vessels. This was present in at least 43 of the 69
      patients. Our findings support the evolving belief that in the past gout was
      assigned far too important a role as a causative factor in uveitis, and they
      confirm the well-described (but not generally recognized) clinical picture of red
      eyes in patients with gout. When evaluating a patient who is troubled by
      bilateral chronic conjunctival redness, the clinician should consider gout in the
      differential diagnosis.

PMID- 4073720
TI  - Failure of subretinal fluid drainage during scleral buckling procedure in high
      myopia.

PMID- 4073721
TI  - Juvenile nonprogressive vascular angiomatous changes of the retina.

PMID- 4073722
TI  - Selecting and maintaining a supported office computer system.
AB  - Many costly errors can be made in selecting an in-office computer system. When
      selecting a system, several guidelines should be followed carefully: A
      professional computer consultant perhaps should be considered, depending on your
      level of experience and knowledge of computers. Look specifically at what you
      want your hardware and software to do, for this will determine the size and
      character of your system. Evaluate the size and potential size of your practice,
      as this will also determine the size and expansion capabilities of your system.
      Carefully evaluate your hardware and software for reputation, system support,
      maintenance costs, flexibility, and expandability. Carefully evaluate your
      cost/benefit ratio: is it worth your money to buy a computer in the first place?
      When evaluating the costs, don't forget the many hidden costs that may be
      present, in addition to the hardware/software purchase price. Computers will
      serve you well in the practice and business of medicine. However, in this rapidly
      changing technologic/informational field, the key words are knowledge and
      caution.

PMID- 4073723
TI  - Comparison of Healon and Amvisc.
AB  - Twenty-two patients were randomly assigned to either Healon or Amvisc treatment
      during extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation
      surgery in order to compare the safety and efficacy of the two preparations of
      sodium hyaluronate. Amvisc was found to be a significantly more inflammatory
      preparation than Healon and caused intraocular pressure elevation shortly after
      surgery in a considerable number of patients. Healon maintained the anterior
      chamber better than Amvisc and facilitated the surgical procedure.

PMID- 4073724
TI  - Race as a risk factor for progressive glaucomatous damage.
AB  - Retrospective analysis of black and white men with glaucoma indicated that open
      angle glaucoma may be a more severe disease in blacks than in whites. Disk damage
      and visual field loss at initial diagnosis appeared to be worse in the eyes of
      blacks. Progression of disease as evidenced by further disk damage and visual
      field loss was more marked in the eyes of blacks. Furthermore, at initial
      diagnosis blacks were younger than whites, suggesting an earlier onset of open
      angle glaucoma among blacks.

PMID- 4073725
TI  - Prediction of refractive correction with radial keratotomy.
AB  - Multiple regression analysis was employed to estimate the amount of preoperative
      correction required to achieve emmetropia in 129 spherical radial keratotomy
      procedures. Age, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, number of
      incisions, number of zones, and central optical zone size are variables that
      describe the amount of refractive correction required in order to achieve
      emmetropia. The surgical procedures from which these estimates are derived yield
      meaningful reductions in myopia. Recommendations for further research on the
      prediction of optimal response to radial keratotomy are included.

PMID- 4073726
TI  - Posterior synechiae in extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior-chamber
      intraocular lenses.
AB  - Posterior synechiae formation was studied in 294 consecutive cases of
      extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior-chamber intraocular lens
      implantation. The synechiae are mainly a cosmetic blemish and may hinder future
      pupillary dilation. Formation can be reduced by elimination of the iridectomy,
      elimination of routine mydriatic drops, and minimization of iris trauma at the
      time of surgery.

PMID- 4073727
TI  - Prognostic determinants and a new view of staging for patients with
      nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
AB  - There is no agreement on the single best staging system for patients with
      nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We have evaluated prospectively several staging systems
      and have assessed the predictive value of many variables on survival and found
      that the most important are extensive tumor within the nasopharynx or regional
      extension, nodes in the lower portion of the neck, and cranial nerve involvement.
      Other variables that have not been used in traditional extent of disease staging
      systems but that have an adverse bearing on survival have been studied by
      multiple regression techniques in the Cox proportional hazards model. Two
      prognostic scores, which can be used for classifying patients into survival
      groups, ranging from excellent survival (low score) to poor survival (high
      score), have also been presented. With these schemes, patients who are at high
      risk for recurrence after conventional therapy can be reliably selected.

PMID- 4073728
TI  - Vocal cord granulomas.
AB  - A series of 16 vocal cord granulomas in adults and children were studied; of
      these, seven occurred postintubation. All granulomas were removed at least once
      and the recurrence rate was high. On average, there were three removals, and some
      patients are still under observation. The recurrence rate did not seem to be
      related to removal by surgical excision or by laser. We postulate, contrary to
      conventional teaching, that vocal ulcer and vocal cord granuloma should be
      regarded as separate entities which occur at the same anatomical site.

PMID- 4073729
TI  - Strangulation: a full spectrum of blunt neck trauma.
AB  - Strangulation accounts for up to 10% of violent or criminally related deaths in
      the United States annually. Strangulation techniques include hanging, throttling,
      garrotting, and chokeholds. These methods are thought to cause unconsciousness or
      death by compression of either the airway or the major vessels of the neck. A
      review of the records of 112 nonsurvivors and 59 survivors of strangulation
      revealed that hyoid bone and laryngotracheal fractures occurred in both groups,
      particularly in throttling victims. The laryngeal injuries themselves could not
      be implicated as the cause of death, and survivors usually presented without
      airway compromise. However, failure to appreciate such injuries in survivors may
      lead to permanent voice complications. A full understanding of the spectrum of
      strangulation is also required if the otolaryngologist is called to testify as an
      expert witness in such cases.

PMID- 4073730
TI  - Anterior commissure laryngoplasty for adjustment of vocal fold tension.
AB  - An anterior commissure laryngoplasty with placement of a tantalum splint has been
      employed to adjust vocal fold tension in nine cases. As originally described, the
      procedure was designed only to tighten flaccid vocal folds. The technique has
      been modified, however, to allow loosening of tension in tight vocal folds. All
      nine cases have been successful, at least to some extent, and have shown no
      significant complications. The details of the procedure and a general discussion
      of selection and management of patients are included. This procedure may provide
      relatively safe and effective adjustment of vocal pitch as well as strengthening
      the voices of patients with flaccid vocal folds.

PMID- 4073731
TI  - Nasal surgery in the management of sleep apnea.
AB  - We present our experience with short- and long-term beneficial results obtained
      from surgery of the nasal valve area in carefully selected patients with
      obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In six cases reported here, surgical treatment
      resulted in subjective improvement in snoring and daytime somnolence. Objective
      improvement was noted in three patients who had nasal valve area obstruction.
      Although the role of surgery in patients with mild OSA needs further assessment,
      surgical correction of nasal valve area obstruction in patients with moderately
      severe to severe OSA appears clearly indicated.

PMID- 4073732
TI  - Endoscopic management of selected early vocal cord carcinoma.
AB  - Twenty-five previously untreated patients with selected early midcordal squamous
      cell carcinomas have been treated by endoscopic excisional biopsy with the carbon
      dioxide laser and followed for a minimum of 3 years. Twenty-four of the 25
      patients are alive and free of disease, and one patient died of local and
      regional recurrence 2 years after attempted endoscopic excision followed by
      partial laryngectomy. Indications, contraindications, advantages, and
      complications associated with this treatment option for patients with early
      glottic carcinoma are discussed.

PMID- 4073734
TI  - Management of chronic aspiration by subtotal and submucosal cricoid resection.
AB  - Modern techniques of conservation surgery of the laryngopharynx often result in
      narrowing, immobility, and decreased sensation of the hypopharynx. These
      procedures also compromise the most vital function of the larynx--protection of
      the airway. Permanent tracheostomy is always necessary for protection of the
      airway. Teflon injection, cartilage implant to the larynx, and extended
      pharyngeal myotomy can provide only temporary relief. Swallowing studies under
      fluoroscopy as well as laryngopharyngoscopy verify a narrowed pharyngeal inlet
      with the pharynx trapped between the cricoid and the cervical spine.
      Extrapharyngeal, subtotal, submucosal resection of the posterior cricoid ring
      results in a flaccid posterior laryngeal wall and enlarged hypopharyngeal inlet.
      At the same time the laryngeal inlet is narrowed, reducing aspiration and still
      preserving the voice.

PMID- 4073733
TI  - Carbon dioxide laser management of laryngeal stenosis.
AB  - A retrospective review of 20 cases of laryngeal stenosis treated with the carbon
      dioxide laser was conducted at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Northwestern
      University. The stenoses were grouped into four categories: supraglottic,
      glottic, subglottic, and combined glottic-subglottic. Twenty patients had 21
      lesions excised by 40 laser procedures. Eleven of 21 stenoses were successfully
      managed by carbon dioxide laser endoscopy: 3 of 3 supraglottic, 6 of 10 glottic,
      2 of 4 subglottic, and 0 of 4 combined laryngeal/tracheal stenoses. Eleven of the
      20 patients had significant airway improvement or decannulation. Soft tissue
      stenoses of the supraglottic area respond favorably to carbon dioxide laser
      excision. In other regions of the larynx, the use of supplemental stents, steroid
      injections, dilatations, and the micro-trapdoor surgical flap technique in scar
      stenosis may increase the rate of success. The lower success rate in the
      posterior commissure, subglottic, and combined laryngotracheal stenoses is due to
      the circumferential, thick stenosis with a vertical depth of more than 1 cm and
      the fibrotic fixation of the arytenoid cartilages. Small cicatrices appear to
      respond better to laser vaporization than the large ones which frequently recur.

PMID- 4073735
TI  - Videophotolaryngography using a new low cost video printer. Instant electronic
      filmless photography.
AB  - We introduce a new concept of electronic videophotography of the larynx on the
      television screen using a new Mitsubishi video printer. With this method no
      standard film or chemical processing are used. Black and white prints of the
      television image can be electronically reproduced in less than 15 seconds by
      pressing a button on the video printer. This method is of great value for
      documentation of the progression of disease and comparison of the preoperative
      and postoperative appearances of the larynx. The printout of the black and white
      television image of the larynx can be attached to the patient's chart as a
      permanent pictorial record. Such prints can also be given to the patient or can
      be sent to the referring physician, the radiotherapist, and others involved in
      management of the patient. This method is also useful for demonstration of a
      pathological condition and for teaching at head and neck tumor conferences.

PMID- 4073736
TI  - Strobofiberscopic video recording of vocal fold vibration.
AB  - We describe our current system for strobofiberscopic video recording of vocal
      fold vibration and our early clinical experiences. The advantages of the
      strobofiberscopic video system over the strobotelescopic video systems are 1) the
      range of subjects is wide, and 2) the patient can phonate while maintaining
      normal head position during examination.

PMID- 4073737
TI  - Electromyographic findings in focal laryngeal dystonia (spastic dysphonia).
AB  - Spastic dysphonia is a clinical speech disorder characterized by spasms of the
      laryngeal muscles during phonation, producing a broken pattern of speech
      sometimes termed laryngeal stuttering. Fourteen patients with the diagnosis of
      spastic dysphonia based on voice quality were referred for evaluation; detailed
      clinical and electrophysiologic evaluations were performed. Laryngeal
      electromyographic (EMG) testing failed to demonstrate any spontaneous activity in
      the 14 patients tested. Seven patients (50%) had normal number and amplitude of
      motor unit potentials. Four of these had disparate amplitudes when compared with
      the other side, and two had complex motor unit potentials. The other seven
      patients (50%) had abnormal findings, including three patients with abnormally
      increased amplitude. Two patients had asynchronous activity characteristic of a
      tremor disorder. One patient had synchronous bursts of activity also affecting
      the diaphragm, later diagnosed as pyramidal and extrapyramidal disease. One
      patient had bursts of activity, and later presented with diffuse myoclonus.
      Laryngeal EMG therefore seemed to be a more precise way of evaluating patients
      presenting with a tremulous voice pattern termed spastic dysphonia. Clinical
      observation and EMG data demonstrated that spastic dysphonia is not a "spastic"
      disease. We identified patients with tremor (2), pyramidal and extrapyramidal
      disease (1), and myoclonic disorders (1). The remainder of the patients had
      clinical and EMG findings consistent with dystonia, a neurologic disorder
      characterized by abnormal, often action-induced, involuntary movements or
      uncontrolled spasms. We classify these patients as having "focal laryngeal
      dystonia" when the disorder occurs in isolation. It may also present as a
      component of a generalized dystonic syndrome.

PMID- 4073739
TI  - Laryngeal dysgenesis.
AB  - A case of a previously undescribed anomaly of the larynx is presented and offers
      insight and support of current concepts of fetal laryngeal development. The
      patient possessed unilateral absence of true and false vocal cords, laryngeal
      ventricle, and saccule. Current concepts of embryological development would place
      the development of this anomaly and most of the patient's other multiple
      anomalies in the period of the 6th to 9th weeks of fetal life. This report lends
      substantiation to the stages of laryngeal development by demonstrating an
      aberration in the normal sequential development. Additionally, the time period of
      this maldevelopment is suggested by the concurrence of multiple other anomalies.
      Aspects of laryngeal embryology relevant to laryngeal maldevelopment are
      reviewed.

PMID- 4073738
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging findings and correlations in spasmodic dysphonia
      patients.
AB  - A sample of 19 spasmodic dysphonia (SD) patients was selected from a larger
      population of such patients to undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), auditory
      brain stem response (ABR) testing, speech analysis, and extensive physical
      examination. Six patients had abnormal spin-echo MRI findings, ranging from
      infarcts within the basal ganglia to demyelinating lesions within the
      supralateral angles of the lateral ventricles. A weakly positive correlation was
      noted between the abnormal MRI findings and an abnormal ABR. The lack of a
      significant correlation between the MRI findings and other predictors of brain
      stem and midbrain disease, and the current spatial resolution limitations of MRI,
      suggest that we are visualizing the associated lesions rather than the actual
      foci of SD. The range of MRI findings is consistent with the concept that SD is a
      voice disorder in a heterogeneous patient population.

PMID- 4073740
TI  - The human larynx at the end of the embryonic period proper. 2. The laryngeal
      cavity and the innervation of its lining.
AB  - The laryngeal cavity was studied in eight serially sectioned embryos of stage 23
      and in three early fetuses, and graphic reconstructions were prepared. After the
      isolation of the tracheal from the pharyngeal cavity during stages 16 through 22,
      a communication (not necessarily the pharyngotracheal duct) appears again during
      stage 23. At this time (8 postovulatory weeks) the laryngeal cavity comprises 1)
      the coronal and parts of the sagittal clefts of the vestibule (uniting later at
      the laryngeal inlet); 2) the ventricles, which are not yet completely formed; and
      3) the subglottic cavity, which appeared already in earlier stages. The
      characteristic events of stage 23 are the dissolution of the epithelial lamina
      and the development of the ventricles. The disruption of the epithelial lamina is
      an active process that comprises rearrangement and growth, but not loss of cells.
      The ventricles, which begin as solid outgrowths in stage 20, do not represent
      fifth pharyngeal pouches. They now point toward the middle of the still paired
      thyroid laminae and are not at the level of the future glottis, which lies more
      caudally. In the absence of the median part of the soft palate, the nasopharynx
      communicates widely with the oral cavity. The epithelium of the respiratory tube,
      including the larynx, resembles that of the pharynx and esophagus in being
      pseudostratified columnar and showing a clear basement membrane. It is ciliated
      over that part of the epiglottis that surmounts the arytenoid swellings, and also
      over the tip and back of the latter. The transitional area between the
      laryngopharynx and the esophagus is already innervated by the recurrent laryngeal
      nerve. Nerve fibers have not yet reached the epithelium of the coronal cleft and
      the ventricles, but fibers are present near the sagittal cleft of the vestibule.
      The sensory innervation of the pharynx and larynx has been followed and plotted
      for the first time in an embryo, and previously unrecorded silver-impregnated
      receptors have been observed.

PMID- 4073741
TI  - Paraglottic laryngitis in association with epiglottitis.
AB  - Infection of the supraglottic larynx is a well-recognized clinical entity in both
      adults and children. The anatomical relationships of the various components of
      the larynx have been studied extensively, especially as they relate to the spread
      of malignant disease. However, the relationship of these spaces and compartments
      in inflammatory disease has not been heretofore appreciated. This report
      describes for the first time histologic evidence that infection of the
      supraglottic larynx may spread to the paraglottic space, thus causing compromise
      of the glottic region. This potential carries significant implications for
      planning the appropriate therapeutic measures.

PMID- 4073742
TI  - Cleft larynx with airway obstruction.
AB  - Cleft larynx is a rare congenital anomaly becoming recognized and reported with
      increasing frequency. While it is most commonly associated with aspiration in
      newborns, airway obstruction can occur. We report two cases of upper airway
      obstruction due to a soft tissue mass related to the cleft. Since endoscopic
      findings of cleft larynx are subtle and easily overlooked, the technique of
      direct laryngoscopy is extremely important. In addition to recognition of the
      condition, embryology and treatment are also discussed.

PMID- 4073743
TI  - Management of the cleft larynx and tracheoesophageal clefts.
AB  - The anomaly of posterior laryngeal cleft and the more extensive
      laryngotracheoesophageal cleft is extremely rare. Twenty-one cases of cleft
      larynx are reviewed. A new, simpler clinically oriented classification of the
      clefts is proposed, and the difficulty in establishing the precise diagnosis is
      stressed. Stridor is the commonest presenting symptom in type 1 clefts, and
      aspiration on feeding, recurrent pneumonia, and abnormalities of cry suggest type
      2 clefts. Type 3 clefts present with severe aspiration cyanosis and incipient
      cardiorespiratory failure. Aspiration reflux and persistent stridor are extremely
      common postoperative problems and are responsible for the delays in decannulation
      in spite of apparently successful operative closure of the clefts.

PMID- 4073744
TI  - Cricoid resection and thyrotracheal anastomosis in the growing primate.
AB  - Although many procedures have been described for the correction of subglottic
      stenosis in the infant and child, none has been universally satisfactory. Cricoid
      resection and thyrotracheal anastomosis have been successful in adults, and we
      considered that the same techniques could be applied to correct subglottic
      stenosis in infants and children. A feasibility study was undertaken using young
      primates as a surgical model. The operation in each was accomplished
      uneventfully, although one animal later developed a complication possibly due to
      the use of a tissue adhesive. In practice, this complication could have been
      corrected without compromising the surgical outcome.

PMID- 4073745
TI  - Androgen stimulation and laryngeal development.
AB  - Androgen-induced changes in laryngeal growth patterns were studied using a sheep
      animal model. Forty-eight lambs were divided into eight treatment groups. Lambs
      in seven of the groups were castrated at birth, while lambs in the eighth group
      served as an intact (noncastrated) control. Six groups were then treated with
      varying doses of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, while the seventh served
      as a castrated, nontreated control. All animals were killed and gross dissections
      of the larynges were performed. Thirty-four linear and angular measurements were
      obtained from each larynx. The mean superior thyroid horn separation showed the
      most dramatic androgen-induced effect (p = 0.023). Laryngeal anterior-posterior
      diameter, superior thyroid horn height, posterior thyroid cartilage width,
      thyroid cartilage angle, and vocal process to arytenoid base distances all
      demonstrated positive dose-response relationships. Hypoandrogenic levels appeared
      to have an inhibitory effect upon laryngeal growth when compared to castrated
      controls.

PMID- 4073746
TI  - [Subcutaneous localizations of Castleman's pseudolymphoma. Review of the
      literature apropos of a case].
AB  - The angiofollicular lymphoid hyperplasia, first described in 1954 by Castleman in
      the mediastinum, is a quite rare pseudolymphoma where there are few subcutaneous
      localizations. Since 1954, more than 300 observations were published including
      mediastino-pulmonary forms (about 60 p. 100 of the cases) intra-abdominal forms
      (15 p. 100 of the cases) and superficial forms which represent 25 p. 100 of the
      cases and associate superficial ganglionic, intra-muscular and subcutaneous
      localizations. The authors report the observation of a 44-year-old negro who had
      a subcutaneous tumefaction of the left elbow which appeared recently without a
      functional sign nor a biological change. The histological findings allowed the
      diagnosis of Castleman's pseudolymphoma in a hyalino-vascular form or Flendrig's
      type II. The evolution was marked a few weeks later by a local recurrence of
      which a second surgery has secured the recovery. The detailed study of the 76
      cases of Castleman's superficial pseudo-tumours published in the literature
      allows us to recall the features of this disease which affects especially the
      young adult without prevalence of sex at about 25 years old. The circumstances of
      discovery are univocal, isolated palpable subcutaneous tumefaction in most of the
      cases. The localizations are distributed by decreasing incidence as following:
      latero-cervical, axillary, sus-clavicular, inguinal, vulvar, abdominal wall,
      shoulder, arm, forearm with a few bifocal forms. The histological aspect
      associated a predominant lymphoid population and vessels with fibro-hyalinous
      wall which morphological variations have permitted to individualize three forms:
      a plasmocytic form or Flendrig's type I which should be a stage of beginning
      often associated with hematological changes, a hyalino-vascular form or
      Flendrig's type II more frequent and a mixed form or intermediary type. The
      immunofluorescence, histo-enzymology and immunohistochemistry studies reveal a
      changeable polyclonal plasmocytosis and a predominance of T-suppressors in the
      lymphocytic population. The histological differential diagnosis of the
      superficial forms of the Castleman's pseudolymphoma is rarely set with certain
      lymphoma in case of ganglionic localization. On the other hand isolated
      subcutaneous localizations must be distinguished of the Kimura's disease and of
      the angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophils where the vessels have a different
      morphology. The evolution is favorable in most of the cases and surgical exeresis
      insures the recovery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 4073747
TI  - [Sclerodermal cardiopathy with tricuspid insufficiency and pulsatile varices].

PMID- 4073748
TI  - [Diffuse hypertrichosis caused by minoxidil in a 2-and-a-half-year-old child].

PMID- 4073749
TI  - [Does Mesoflash induce the same side effects as Dermo-jet?].

PMID- 4073750
TI  - [Lichen planus with annular disposition].

PMID- 4073751
TI  - [Cation changes in psoriatic skin].

PMID- 4073752
TI  - [Psychological consequences, on the child and its family, of continuous
      management of phenylketonuric and hypothyroid children].

PMID- 4073754
TI  - [Anterior passive rhinomanometry. Its value in children].

PMID- 4073753
TI  - [Non-immunologic neonatal anasarca. Apropos of 10 cases].

PMID- 4073755
TI  - [Familial Kearns syndrome].

PMID- 4073756
TI  - [The "uncombable hair" syndrome or "spun-glass hair"].

PMID- 4073757
TI  - [Hypothyroidism of higher nervous origin with neonatal clinical manifestations].

PMID- 4073758
TI  - [Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with electroencephalographic pattern of
      the "suppressive bursts" type. Apropos of a new case].

PMID- 4073759
TI  - [Treatment of asthmatic crisis in children with immediate-action theophylline].

PMID- 4073760
TI  - Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, endourology and open surgery: the
      management and follow-up of 200 patients with urinary calculi.
AB  - The management and follow up of 200 consecutive patients with renal and ureteric
      calculi are presented. The primary treatment of 185 (92.5%) was by extracorporeal
      shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL), of whom three (1.6)%) with large calculi underwent
      percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) prior to ESWL as a planned combined
      procedure. Twelve (6%) were treated by PCNL or ureterorenoscopy (URS) as their
      definitive treatment and three (1.5%) by conventional open renal and ureteric
      surgery. The average in-patient stay was 3.8 days and most returned to normal
      activity within one day of discharge. Of the 185 patients 102 (55%) required no
      analgesia after treatment by ESWL, 29 (15.6%) required parenteral analgesia and
      the rest were comfortable with oral non-narcotic medication. Thirty (16%)
      required auxillary treatment by percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN), PCNL and URS
      following ESWL for obstructive complications from stone particles. Two required
      further ESWL and one PCNL at three months for large fragments. Overall, open
      surgery was required for only 1% of renal calculi and 13% of ureteric stones.
      These results are consistant with the extensive West German experience confirming
      that most urinary calculi are now best managed by ESWL and endoscopic techniques.
      Where these facilities are available open surgery should only be necessary for
      less than 5% of upper urinary tract stones.

PMID- 4073761
TI  - One hundred cases of anaesthesia for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
AB  - One hundred cases of anaesthesia for Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)
      are described. Epidural or general anaesthesia was used. Anaesthetic
      complications were mainly cardiovascular, namely hypotension and bradycardia.
      With increased experience, it was noted that the use of minimal concentrations of
      general anaesthetic agents, or epidural anaesthesia supplemented with ephedrine,
      decreased the incidence of these problems. There was a low incidence of nausea or
      vomiting or analgesic requirements postoperatively, and the average length of
      stay in hospital postoperatively was 3 days.

PMID- 4073762
TI  - Abdominocervical oesophagectomy in the elderly.
AB  - Abdominocervical (transhiatal) oesophagectomy was carried out in 8 patients. Five
      of 6 with oesophageal cancer were elderly (aged 75-88 years), and one was 59
      years old. Two patients (aged 54 and 74 years) had recurrent achalasia and
      megaoesophagus 30 years after cardiomyotomy. Chest complications were common, but
      there were no anastomotic leaks and no deaths. In 2 patients with large
      paraoesophageal hiatal hernias oesophagectomy had not been planned; the procedure
      was undertaken for an unexpected carcinoma of the cardia and an oesophageal tear.
      Three patients have died of recurrent cancer at 12, 17 and 21 months. The 5
      survivors are swallowing satisfactorily, although one has required two
      dilatations of an anastomotic stricture.

PMID- 4073763
TI  - Urinary diversion for incontinence--a beneficial procedure?
AB  - In the past 8 years at St George's Hospital, 13 women underwent urinary diversion
      for disabling incontinence. Seven patients had multiple sclerosis, 2 had suffered
      trauma to the lumbar spine and 4 had failed repeated surgery for urethral
      sphincter incompetence. One patient died several months postoperatively due to
      relapse of her multiple sclerosis. The remaining 12 were interviewed to determine
      the effect of the operation on their quality of life. Preoperatively, 9 patients
      (75%) were either housebound or only ventured out to do the shopping and none led
      a full social life. Postoperatively 8 patients (67%) managed a full social life
      and all were improved. Most managed their stomas proficiently and none regretted
      having the operation. The most common late complication was pyocystis. We
      conclude that patients with disabling incontinence can have their quality of life
      substantially improved by urinary diversion. The incidence of pyocystis is
      probably high enough to warrant vaginal vesicostomy to be performed routinely at
      the time of diversion, at least in those women with chronic urinary infection.

PMID- 4073764
TI  - Temporary antimesenteric stomas without a skin bridge in infants.
AB  - Thirty-four loop stomas without a tissue bridge were created in 33 infants.
      Whenever possible, the antimesenteric stoma was fashioned in the laparotomy
      wound. When a separate incision was used, the lack of a skin bridge resulted in a
      more cosmetically acceptable scar after closure of the stoma. Complications
      associated with such stomas and their closure were no greater than for the
      conventional loop stomas formed over a tissue bridge.

PMID- 4073765
TI  - Concentrations of oxygen delivered by air entrainment oxygen masks.
AB  - The air entrainment devices from oxygen masks of four manufacturers (Henleys
      Medical Supplies Ltd, Vickers Medical, Intersurgical Ltd, C R Bard International
      Ltd) were studied. All were found to deliver concentrations of oxygen close to
      those specified. The literature is reviewed and it is suggested that provision of
      a total flow in excess of 60 litres/minute is most likely to provide a constant
      inspired oxygen concentration, whichever nominal concentration or design of mask
      is selected and provided distal obstruction is avoided.

PMID- 4073766
TI  - Surgical treatment of pneumatosis coli.
AB  - This report is of five cases of primary pneumatosis coli, four of whom underwent
      five surgical resections. Follow-up was from nine months to ten years with one
      recurrence nine years after sigmoid colectomy. This experience indicates that
      primary pneumatosis coli is now more common than pneumatosis cystoides
      intestinales of the small bowel. We also feel that there is a place for surgical
      resection of symptomatic pneumatosis coli even in the absence of acute
      complications.

PMID- 4073767
TI  - Complications of T-tube drainage of the common bile duct.
AB  - The complications associated with T-tube drainage of the common bile duct
      following biliary surgery were studied prospectively. A high rate of
      complications especially associated with T-tube removal was found. Biliary
      leakage and bacteraemia were the two main problems though in most cases caused
      minimal clinical upset. Alternatives to T-tube drainage are discussed. It is
      suggested that if T-tubes are to be used broad spectrum antibiotic cover should
      be employed at the time of removal.

PMID- 4073768
TI  - The surgical treatment of gastroduodenal Crohn's disease.
AB  - Crohn's disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Gastroduodenal
      involvement is uncommon and was not recognised until 1949 (1). Since then
      approximately 200 cases have been described in several series in the world
      literature. This paper describes the clinical presentation and surgical
      management of ten patients treated in the Birmingham General Hospital between
      1970 and 1984.

PMID- 4073769
TI  - Anaesthesia for transcervical thymectomy in myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 4073770
TI  - Peroperative cholangiography and postcholecystectomy biliary strictures.

PMID- 4073771
TI  - Experience with surgical implantation of catheters for continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 4073772
TI  - An anatomical curiosity.

PMID- 4073773
TI  - The use of a microcomputer for inpatient audit in an orthopaedic department.

PMID- 4073774
TI  - [X-ray computed tomography and the adrenal glands in adults].

PMID- 4073775
TI  - [Budd-Chiari disease in adults: diagnosis, evaluation and functional approach by
      hepatic arteriography. Apropos of 16 cases].

PMID- 4073776
TI  - [Esophageal transit in the Plummer-Vinson syndrome].

PMID- 4073777
TI  - [Evaluation of the diagnostic value of scintigraphy and radiology in the
      diagnosis of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease in children].

PMID- 4073778
TI  - [Rapid destructive arthroses of the hip. Radioclinical study of 9 cases].

PMID- 4073779
TI  - [Dysplasia of the external iliac arteries. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 4073780
TI  - [Use of a detachable 2-compartment balloon in the treatment of a bronchopleural
      fistula. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 4073781
TI  - [Colonic ischemia after aortoiliac surgery. Apropos of 10 cases].

PMID- 4073782
TI  - [Mesentericocaval anastomosis with interposed polytetrafluoroethylene. 15 cases
      controlled by x-ray computed tomography].

PMID- 4073783
TI  - [Complex or complicated fractures of the lower end of the femur treated by
      osteosynthesis with Strelitzia-type blade plates. Apropos of a continuous series
      of 46 cases].

PMID- 4073784
TI  - [Transitory and recurrent paraplegia caused by a dorsal disk hernia.
      Physiopathological and therapeutic problems. Apropos of 3 cases].

PMID- 4073785
TI  - [Biliodigestive anastomoses by hepatico-jejuno-duodenoplasty. Apropos of a
      personal series of 40 cases].

PMID- 4073786
TI  - [One-step subtotal colectomy in acute neoplastic intestinal occlusions of the
      left colon. Apropos of 12 cases].

PMID- 4073787
TI  - [Cancer of the esophagus. Retrospective study of 225 cases].

PMID- 4073788
TI  - [Combination of tiapride and ketamine in anesthesia for transsternal thymectomy
      in myasthenia gravis].

PMID- 4073789
TI  - The need for better plasma cholesterol assays.

PMID- 4073790
TI  - Direct assay for progesterone in saliva: comparison with a direct serum assay.
AB  - Direct assays have been described for the estimation of progesterone in serum and
      saliva. Both methods showed good inter-assay precision over a year, and the serum
      assay is now being used routinely in clinical laboratories. A highly significant
      correlation was obtained for progesterone concentrations in matched serum and
      saliva samples over a wide range of concentrations. The concentrations of
      progesterone in daily samples taken through the menstrual cycle fell within the
      range quoted in previous studies. The benefits of direct saliva measurement are
      described with reference to the long-term assessment of irregular cycles. Care in
      sample collection is necessary since contamination with agents such as oral
      cosmetics may result in overestimation of progesterone concentrations.

PMID- 4073791
TI  - Low serum magnesium concentration in Paget's disease of bone (osteitis
      deformans).
AB  - Approximately 25% of patients presenting with Paget's disease of bone have a low
      serum magnesium concentration (below 0.74 mmol/L). Metabolic balance studies of
      12 normomagnesaemic and seven hypomagnesaemic subjects show that the latter have
      a significantly more positive balance and a significantly higher net absorption
      of magnesium than have the former. The urinary output of the two groups did not
      differ significantly. The serum magnesium and alkaline phosphatase (log)
      concentrations were significantly negatively correlated, as were the serum
      magnesium and the daily urinary hydroxyproline (log) output. Low serum magnesium
      concentrations are thus associated with highly active Paget's disease; they do
      not arise from increased urinary loss nor from a lowered net absorption of
      magnesium, but probably from increased uptake by bone. The balance data show that
      to avoid a negative magnesium balance, the magnesium intake in Paget's disease
      should be at least 8.0 mmol/day.

PMID- 4073792
TI  - Evaluation of a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay for serum thyroid
      stimulating hormone.
AB  - The LKB 'Delfia, immunofluorometric assay for serum TSH has been evaluated. The
      assay is simple and rapid to perform and is capable of processing in excess of
      100 specimens within a working day. The sensitivity of the assay is 0.05
      microU/L, with a working range extending beyond 324 microU/L. The change in
      signal at each point over the standard curve approaches 1000-fold, significantly
      greater than that of a typical immunoradiometric assay. Mean figures for intra
      assay and inter-assay precision were 4.7% and 8.6% CV, respectively. Mean
      recovery of added TSH was 98.3%, and samples containing high levels of endogenous
      TSH diluted parallel to the standard curve. The method showed good correlation
      with an immunoradiometric assay for TSH. The reference ranges for clinically
      defined groups of subjects were euthyroid 0.47-3.84 microU/L (n = 83); primary
      hypothyroidism 15--greater than 324 microU/L (n = 28); thyrotoxicosis less than
      0.05 microU/L (n = 46). It is concluded that the 'Delfia' assay offers the
      clinical biochemistry laboratory an attractive and reliable alternative to a
      sensitive immunoradiometric assay for serum TSH.

PMID- 4073793
TI  - Therapeutic monitoring of the anti-anginal drug perhexiline maleate.
AB  - Patients taking oral doses of perhexiline maleate have been examined. Measurement
      of serum perhexiline concentrations established that different dose requirements
      between patients were necessary due to the different doses at which drug
      saturation was achieved. Measurement of serum perhexiline concentrations are
      essential if side-effects from the drug are to be avoided.

PMID- 4073794
TI  - Methods of assigning accurate values to reference serum. Part 1. The use of
      reference laboratories and consensus values, with an evaluation of a procedure
      for transferring values from one reference serum to another.
AB  - A method is described for transferring the accuracy of values obtained by
      reference laboratories from one serum, which is used as a calibration standard,
      to another, which is treated as the unknown test sample. Six batches of
      lyophilised horse serum, of closely similar composition, were analysed by 10
      European reference laboratories during 1978-1982, and used to obtain transfer
      values for one masterlot of a similar serum. No evidence was found that the
      transfer process introduced any inaccuracy. A comparison has been made, for
      bilirubin, creatinine, iron, phosphate, total protein and urea, between
      transferred values, the results obtained by direct analysis of the masterlot by
      reference laboratories, and consensus values found in two independent external
      quality assessment schemes. The transfer technique enables an evaluation to be
      made of these different procedures for assigning values to reference serum, and
      may reveal methodological differences, such as those described for iron and
      creatinine.

PMID- 4073795
TI  - Methods of assigning accurate values to reference serum. Part 2. The use of
      definitive methods, reference laboratories, transferred values and consensus
      values.
AB  - Eight analytes (Ca, Cl, cholesterol, glucose, Mg, K, Na and urate) have been
      determined in one horse serum masterlot by up to six different procedures: (i) by
      so-called definitive methods; (ii) by a group of reference laboratories using a
      variety of analytical methods; (iii) using the results of two independent
      external quality assessment schemes; (iv) by transferring values from a human
      serum standard reference material analysed by definitive methods; (v) by similar
      transfer of values from several batches of horse reference serum previously
      analysed by definitive methods; and (vi) as in (v) but using a group of reference
      laboratories. The results have confirmed the validity and usefulness of the
      transfer process in value assignment and in identifying outliers due to
      inaccurate methods. Definitive methods are shown to be subject to error, and
      although they appear to be the most accurate single techniques currently
      available, they are not definitive in the sense of being without bias and having
      no known source of inaccuracy.

PMID- 4073796
TI  - The effects of salicylate metabolites on the interpretation of paracetamol
      results.

PMID- 4073797
TI  - Fructosamine assay.

PMID- 4073798
TI  - Electrolytes and hypertension.

PMID- 4073799
TI  - Electrolyte intake and excretion and blood pressure in young students with and
      without family history of hypertension.
AB  - Blood pressure and sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium intake and excretion
      were investigated in 2 groups of young students, 1 with and 1 without a family
      history of hypertension. No differences in systolic or diastolic blood pressure
      were found between the two groups. Mean potassium excretion of male offsprings of
      hypertensive parents was 26% higher (p less than 0.05) than the mean potassium
      excretion of male controls. Sodium-potassium ratio was lower (1.7) in male
      offsprings of hypertensive patients than in male controls (2.3). There were no
      significant differences in intake or excretion of other electrolytes between
      controls and offsprings of hypertensive parents.

PMID- 4073800
TI  - Electrocardiogram of young diabetic subjects.
AB  - Standard 12-lead electrocardiogram patterns were studied in 100 Type I diabetic
      subjects aged 15-40 years and in 100 control subjects of the same age. Neither
      study group had evidence of clinical ischaemic heart disease or other systemic
      diseases which might affect cardiac function. The diabetic subjects had higher
      heart rates, lower electrocardiographic voltages and more T wave inversions than
      the controls. The diabetic women had longer QT intervals corrected for heart rate
      than the control women. The R-R interval variability (mean +/- S.D.) in the ECG
      was smaller in the diabetic subjects than in the controls (13 +/- 11 vs. 17 +/-
      11%, p less than 0.05). Its magnitude was related to the heart rate variation in
      deep breathing, a measure of autonomic nervous function (r = 0.54, n = 50). The
      diabetic subjects with vagal autonomic neuropathy had an R-R interval variability
      of only 0-6%. The standard electrocardiograms of young asymptomatic diabetic
      subjects appear to differ in many respects from the those of healthy subjects in
      the same age group. The differences may reflect the presence of preclinical
      diabetic cardiovascular complications at an early age. A small or absent R-R
      interval variability helps to select patients for closer evaluation of autonomic
      function.

PMID- 4073801
TI  - Serum interferon in schizophrenia.
AB  - Serum interferon (IFN) levels were determined in 30 patients with schizophrenia
      and 30 age- and sex-matched patients with affective or borderline disorders. In
      only 1 schizophrenic patient a positive titre of serum IFN was detected. The
      relationship between psychiatric variables and IFN production is discussed.

PMID- 4073802
TI  - Long-term effect of surgical treatment on the symptoms of primary
      hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Two hundred and eighty-nine patients operated on for primary hyperparathyroidism
      (PHPT) in the years 1956-79 have been followed up for a mean period of 5 years.
      The aim of the study was to investigate the symptomatology of PHPT and the
      disappearance of the symptoms after operative treatment. Of the presenting
      symptoms hypercalcaemic crisis and cystic bone changes were cured, and none of
      the patients with pancreatitis as presenting symptom had a recurrence. In the
      renal stone group, 10% of the patients had recurring stones during the follow-up
      period. The presenting symptom disappeared in 84% of the patients. Thirty-five%
      of the patients had no presenting symptom and were classified as "asymptomatic",
      though, on questioning, most of them had various symptoms which disappeared
      postoperatively. Malaise, fatigue and muscular weakness disappeared in 79% of the
      patients, upper abdominal pains in 66%, constipation in 63%, pains in the
      extremities in 51% depression in 65%. Hypertension increased by 28% during the
      follow-up period; only three of the 90 patients with hypertension has
      discontinued antihypertensive treatment postoperatively. During the follow-up
      study, 6% of the patients were hypercalcaemic, though the serum calcium was only
      slightly elevated in almost all of these patients (mean +/- SD 2.75 +/- 0.09
      mmol/l) and most of them had the multiglandular form of PHPT. The renal function
      did not deteriorate as much as was expected on the basis of earlier reports; only
      two patients had a serum creatinine over 500 mumol/l.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 4073803
TI  - Depression and the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in patients with non
      specific somatic complaints. Atypical depression and DST.
AB  - Non-suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical activity on the
      dexamethasone suppression test was found in 27/115 patients who were referred to
      consulting psychiatrists in the Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic of Turku University
      Central Hospital and in the Rehabilitation Research Centre because of unspecific
      chronic pain complaints. Depressive symptoms in the patients were identified by
      the Research Diagnostic Criteria for definite or probable endogenous and non
      endogenous depressive disorders. The cortisol levels after dexamethasone
      suppression were significantly higher in endogenous than in non-endogenous
      patients and it uncovered masked depression in some complex patients. However,
      nonsuppression in the dexamethasone suppression test was not specifically
      associated with the pain-prone disorder, which was further characterized by the
      factor models of the Hamilton Depression Scale.

PMID- 4073804
TI  - Cerebral palsy and additional handicaps in a 1-year birth cohort from northern
      Finland--a prospective follow-up study to the age of 14 years.
AB  - In a 1-year birth cohort from the two northernmost provinces in Finland, Oulu and
      Lapland which comprised of 12 058 liveborn infants, the total number of children
      affected with cerebral palsy (CP) was 69. The cumulative incidence up to the age
      of 14 years was 5.7 per thousand. A prenatal aetiology was present in 32%, a
      perinatal aetiology in 36% and a postnatal aetiology in 19% whereas in 13.0% of
      the cases the cause remained untraceable. A total of 50 children (73%), had 1 or
      more additional handicaps. Mental retardation (IQ less than 85) was present in
      70%, epilepsy in 48%, a visual defect in 19% and impaired hearing in 7%. The
      impact of the total handicaps is also illustrated by the fact that only 33% of
      the children were able to attend a normal school. The incidence of 5.7 per
      thousand recorded here is clearly higher than in studies from several other
      countries, as the cumulative incidence is usually reported to vary between 2 and
      3 per thousand.

PMID- 4073805
TI  - Respiratory medicine today.

PMID- 4073807
TI  - Noninvasive oximetry in pigmented patients.
AB  - Noninvasive oximetry has been shown to be a reliable and convenient way of
      estimating arterial oxygen saturation. Studies have shown that skin pigmentation
      did not affect the accuracy of oximetry. However, these studies were performed on
      healthy subjects and the number studied was small. Our study on 31 pigmented
      patients in the clinical situation showed that the Biox III oximeter gave
      readings that closely approximated oxygen saturation measurements from arterial
      blood (y = 4.75 + 0.93x, r = 0.91, p less than 0.001), confirming the usefulness
      of noninvasive oximetry even in pigmented patients.

PMID- 4073806
TI  - Transcutaneous estimation of oxygen tension in unusual clinical situations.
AB  - Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring has been used successfully in the assessment of
      trend in tissue oxygenation in neonates and children. This study highlights the
      application of transcutaneous oxygen monitoring in three unusual clinical
      situations: dual channel oxygen monitoring in persistent foetal circulation,
      hyperoxia test in the differentiation of cardiac or pulmonary central cyanosis
      and the effect of endotracheal intubation on tissue oxygenation. Its usefulness
      and potential application in these situations are discussed.

PMID- 4073808
TI  - The role of fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the management of respiratory burns.
AB  - We found that fibreoptic bronchoscopy was a useful, simple, safe and accurate
      method in the diagnosis of inhalation injury, determining the type, the site and
      the extent of damage sustained. The most common mucosal damage was erythema and
      oedema of the supraglottic and glottic tissues, though in a few cases more severe
      and extensive injury was seen. Death seemed to be determined largely by the
      extent of skin burn but since there did not appear to be a close relationship
      between the severity of skin burn and the presence of inhalation burn, we suggest
      that the two types of injuries be evaluated separately. The main therapeutic role
      lies in the assessment and anticipation of imminent upper airway obstruction
      caused by oedema of the supraglottic tissues and the glottis. Endotracheal
      intubation could then be carried out promptly. Changes in clinical features and
      laboratory results were too slow to be of use in the prediction of upper airway
      obstruction, but could be indirect indicators of lower and peripheral airway
      injury.

PMID- 4073809
TI  - The obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: case studies.
AB  - We describe the upper airway abnormalities and sleep observations of
      cardiorespiratory function in six patients with the obstructive sleep apnoea
      syndrome. They were all men, the youngest had evident upper airway obstruction
      from enlarged tonsils while the rest had no gross mechanical obstruction on
      direct laryngoscopy but had demonstrable abnormalities of flow-volume loop
      recordings. Sleep studies demonstrated marked cyclical variation of heart rate
      and arterial oxygen desaturation. These were associated with loud snoring and
      cyclical hyper-ventilation and hypo-ventilation. These features were
      characteristic of the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. This paper documents the
      classic features of the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in an Oriental
      population.

PMID- 4073810
TI  - Acute carbon dioxide narcosis during inhalational therapy with oxygen powered
      nebulizers in patients with chronic airflow limitation.
AB  - Six patients with acute carbon dioxide narcosis following nebulised salbutamol
      therapy were described. They had chronic obstructive airflow disease and were
      admitted in acute respiratory failure. The patients were treated with aerosolized
      salbutamol delivered from oxygen powered nebulizers. They developed severe acute
      hypercapnia. Five of the six patients died. The hazards of indiscriminate oxygen
      use in this clinical situation was discussed.

PMID- 4073811
TI  - Respiratory problems in myasthenia gravis.
AB  - We evaluated our experience involving 27 patients with myasthenia gravis with
      particular reference to the various respiratory problems encountered. These
      included restriction of ventilation, respiratory tract infections, aspiration due
      to bulbar weakness, respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, and
      post-thymectomy pulmonary complications.

PMID- 4073812
TI  - Pulmonary sarcoidosis in Singapore.
AB  - Eight cases of pulmonary sarcoidosis with a mean age of 27.8 years were seen in
      our Department since May 1974. There were 5 males and 3 females and 5 of our
      patients were Chinese. 75% of cases were symptomatic at initial presentation.
      Extra pulmonary manifestation was seen in only one patient who had a right facial
      palsy. Hilar adenopathy was the principal radiological finding. (Bilateral hilar
      adenopathy was present in 6 and unilateral hilar adenopathy was seen in 1
      patient) 50% of our patients had x-ray evidence of pulmonary parenchymal
      involvement and received steroid therapy. Though sarcoidosis is rare among Asians
      especially among Chinese, we feel an increase in prevalence can be expected in
      future.

PMID- 4073813
TI  - Spontaneous pneumothorax in medical practice in a general hospital.
AB  - Eighty patients with spontaneous pneumothoraces treated in the University
      Department of Medicine, Singapore General Hospital from January 1981 to March
      1983 were reviewed. There were 75 males and 5 females. Their ages ranged from 15
      to 92 years. Dyspnea was the chief representing symptom in 59 patients (74%)
      followed by chest pain in 47 patients (59%). One patient was admitted with loss
      of consciousness. Pneumothorax with no discernable associated disease was present
      in 36 patients (45%) whereas 34 (43%) had chronic obstructive airways disease. Of
      the remaining 10 patients, active pulmonary tuberculosis was present in 5,
      bronchogenic carcinoma in 2, bronchial asthma in 2 and bronchopneumonia in 1
      percent. Pneumothorax occurred equally on both sides. Single episode of
      pneumothorax was present in 64 patients (80%). Recurrent pneumothoraces were only
      present in 16 patients (20%). 57 patients (71%) required chest tube insertion
      while 14 patients (18%) in addition required either medical or surgical
      pleurodesis. Death occurred in 6 patients (7.5%) mainly in those with chronic
      obstructive airways disease. In this study the majority of pneumothoraces
      occurred in patients with either no underlying pulmonary disease or those with
      chronic obstructive bronchitis and emphysema. A bimodal age presentation was
      noted, with the younger patients having no underlying respiratory disorders.

PMID- 4073814
TI  - A comparative study of the use of choline theophyllinate and a sustained-release
      theophylline in adults with chronic asthma.
AB  - We studied 16 adults with chronic bronchial asthma by measuring the plasma
      theophylline concentrations and evaluating clinically the control of asthma
      following oral administration of choline theophyllinate (CT) and a sustained
      release theophylline preparation (SRT). All 16 patients were studied in 3 one
      weekly phases. These patients received CT 200 mg t.i.d. during the 1st week, no
      theophylline during the 2nd week and SRT 250 mg 12-hourly during the 3rd week.
      All other anti-asthmatic medications were maintained during the study. After the
      night dose of a theophylline preparation, the mean plasma trough concentration
      the next morning was significantly higher for SRT (9.4 mcg/ml +/- SEM 1.0) than
      for CT (3.6 mcg/ml +/- SEM 0.6). The mean plasma peak concentration after the
      morning dose was also significantly higher for SRT (11.5 mcg/ml +/- SEM 1.0) than
      for CT (7.4 mcg/ml +/- SEM 1.0), The mean forced expiratory volume in one second
      (FEV1) obtained during SRT treatment was significantly higher than during CT
      treatment. There was no significant difference between FEV1 measured at trough
      concentrations during CT treatment and during the period without theophylline.
      The patients had fewer symptoms of asthma and fewer side-effects from
      theophylline during the week they received SRT compared with the week they
      received CT. In this study, using the conventional dosage schedule as practised
      in Singapore, SRT has distinct advantages over CT in the treatment of chronic
      asthma.

PMID- 4073815
TI  - Spirometric pulmonary function tests before and after surgical correction of
      idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents.
AB  - Severe scoliosis causes a deterioration in cardiopulmonary function. The effect
      of surgical correction on this is variable. We studied the forced vital capacity
      [FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) before and after surgical
      correction in 30 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and the results are
      expressed as a percentage of the predicted normal values using 101 children as
      controls. A negative correlation was noted preoperatively between the magnitude
      of the curve and FVC and FEV1. Surgical correction of the curve was done with a
      Harrington rod in 17 patients followed by cast and brace immobilisation for one
      and a half years. In the remaining 13 patients the Harrington rod was
      supplemented with sublaminar wires (SSI) to eliminate the use of an orthoses. All
      patients had a posterior spinal fusion. Our study showed that there was an
      improvement in the spirometric values post-operatively but this was not
      statistically significant. This improvement was similar in both groups of
      patients. Further studies, for a longer period and of other indices of pulmonary
      function are required.

PMID- 4073816
TI  - Early and predominant respiratory muscle involvement in motor neurone disease.
AB  - We report a 61 year old man with motor neurone disease who presented with
      dyspnoea and ventilatory failure when the limb and bulbar muscles were relatively
      spared. This unusual pattern of predominant respiratory muscle involvement
      persisted throughout the twenty-one month course of his illness.

PMID- 4073817
TI  - A case of pneumonia presenting with the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or high permeability pulmonary oedema
      (HPPE) is an uncommon presentation of a viral pneumonia and usually occurs in the
      setting of a fulminant or severe viral pneumonia. High permeability pulmonary
      oedema (HPPE) can be loosely defined as those forms of pulmonary oedema with
      normal cardiac function associated with the accumulation of protein-rich fluid in
      the interstitial or intraalveolar spaces. Through the years, a number of phrases
      have been used to describe this entity: white lung, shock lung, wet lung, adult
      hyaline membrane disease, ARDS and others. The aetiology is varied but the
      clinical, radiologic and pathologic pictures are similar. In fact the pathologic
      picture is so consistent from patient to patient regardless of aetiology that it
      has been suggested that the term HPPE be used in place of the other commonly used
      ones. A case of HPPE of possible viral aetiology who responded to prompt
      intervention with a successful outcome, is described here.

PMID- 4073818
TI  - Xth meeting of the European and Mediterranean Association of Coloproctology.
      Oslo, June 14-16th, 1984.

PMID- 4073819
TI  - Epidemiology of Crohn's disease of the colon.
AB  - There is no room for complacency concerning our knowledge of Crohn's disease of
      the colon, and this applies to epidemiology as to other aspects of diagnosis and
      management. In this presentation therefore "current knowledge" is first reviewed.
      Crohn's disease of the colon is shown to be a worldwide disorder with incidence
      rates of between one and four cases per 100,000 population per year and
      prevalence rates up to ten times this figure. This disease is most commonly found
      in Europe and North America, with a slight excess in females over males and a
      preponderance of young persons whose disease begins in early adult life. Two
      thirds of cases have colonic involvement. Racial and ethnic studies have been
      confusing and there is some reason to doubt the simplistic assertion of the
      1960's that the disease is most common in Jews. Genetic marker studies have been
      similarly inconclusive despite an apparent association with HLA-B27-as have most
      studies involving environmental factors such as diet, smoking and the
      contraceptive pill. The presentation next explores some important reasons why
      this current "knowledge" is suspect as well as inconclusive. There is a total
      lack of etiological data about Crohn's disease, and until recently no standard
      definition of the disease existed. Many epidemiological studies have selected
      cases from small groups rather than the whole population-a particularly difficult
      problem due to the protean nature of the disease. Observer variation in eliciting
      data presents a further problem as does the simplistic nature of the analysis
      carried out to date. Finally, some tentative solutions are proposed for current
      outstanding problems. It is argued that Popperian philosophy may form the basis
      for a working description of Crohn's disease and the World Organisation of
      Gastroenterology Crohn's disease study has proposed such a definition. Multi
      national trials are clearly necessary if some of the problems listed earlier are
      to be overcome; as is the development of reproducible and relevant indices for
      assessing the severity of disease. However, in the last analysis the only real
      key to progress is an improvement in our fundamental understanding of the disease
      itself; and at the present time there seems very little prospect of progress on
      this front. Until such progress is made, the epidemiology of Crohn's disease will
      remain a difficult and muddled area.

PMID- 4073820
TI  - "De novo" carcinoma or early rectal carcinoma incidence and diagnostic.
AB  - The authors studied the development of "de novo" carcinomas, i.e. carcinomas
      which develop directly in the mucosa without having passed via an adenomatous
      phase. They took into account the accompanying signs of the lesion: peri-lesional
      signs which always accompany carcinomas from the onset, but not adenomas. These
      carcinomas are always small, limited to the mucosa and non-invasive. On the basis
      of a statistical analysis of 2,045 carcinomas of the rectum, "de novo" carcinomas
      would appear to be much more common than is generally believed.

PMID- 4073822
TI  - Fecal incontinence. Diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - This is a survey of fecal incontinence. The etiology is multifactorial. It may
      develop after traumatic lesion of the anal sphincters, neurological disorders,
      rectal prolapse or idiopathic. The treatment may be conservative including diet,
      drugs and sphincter exercise or consisting of suture of the sphincter, post anal
      repair, free autogenous muscle transplantation. In some cases colostomy is the
      only way of choice.

PMID- 4073821
TI  - The distribution of polyps in the large intestine.
AB  - The distribution of polyps of the large intestine was investigated. Comparisons
      were made between results of autopsy studies and a clinical study consisting of
      114 consecutively resected polyps. The shift from distal to proximal predominance
      of adenomas with increasing age from the 50 to the 80 year age group in autopsy
      studies, was in accordance with the high frequency of adenomas in the distal part
      of the large intestine in the prospective clinical study, mean 60 years of age.
      The present clinical study showed a high frequency of adenomas among men, whereas
      a tendency towards larger polyps and more polyps larger than 10 mm was seen for
      women. The present examination confirms the reported discrepancy between a high
      prevalence of adenomas compared to a much lower prevalence of cancer. Thus, the
      present results emphasize the need for further studies to gain information on
      risk factors in polyps or individuals predisposed for malignancy of the large
      intestine.

PMID- 4073823
TI  - [Cine-esophagogastroscintigraphy. Experience with 1,500 explorations].

PMID- 4073824
TI  - Genetic variants of human erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase: new
      characterization data obtained by multivariate analysis.
AB  - Thirteen variables used in the course of characterization of G6PD variants from
      forty-one individuals have been submitted to multivariate factorial and cluster
      analysis. Because of the diagrammatic representation of the analysis, two main
      findings were made possible. Firstly, the three-dimensional plot of the
      experimental data gives the advantage of a model of classification which is
      closely related to the ethnogeographical origin of the subjects, and to the
      clinical and haematological incidence of the G6PD variants. Secondly, cluster
      analysis visualizes the distance between the G6PDs examined. In this respect, it
      was determined that three local original variants associated with acute
      haemolytic anaemia showed a close relationship and belonged to the same cluster
      (Gd(-) Toulouse, Gd(-) Muret and Gd(-) Colomiers). Conversely, two non-haemolytic
      variants (G6PD Luz Saint Sauveur and Lozere) were found to be linked in another
      remote cluster. The procedure developed in this work promotes a new approach to
      G6PD characteristics in human genetic studies.

PMID- 4073825
TI  - Inherited thermostability variants of seven enzymes in a Japanese population.
AB  - The frequency of inherited variations in thermostability was investigated in a
      series of seven enzymes in a Japanese population. Among a total of 5930
      determinations, nine variants were encountered. In each instance one parent
      exhibited a similar finding. It is suggested that this procedure should detect a
      high proportion of the variants of these enzymes characterized by amino acid
      substitutions not altering molecular charge. Failure to detect more such
      thermostability variants is interpreted to mean that electrophoresis not only
      detects amino acid substitutions altering molecular charge but also a
      considerable proportion of those that do not alter charge.

PMID- 4073826
TI  - A direct cytogenetic technique for assessing the rate of first meiotic non
      disjunction in the human male by the analysis of cells at metaphase II.
AB  - The successful application of a triple staining technique incorporating
      quinacrine mustard fluorescence, lacto-propionic orcein staining and C-banding to
      metaphase II cells in the human male is described. This procedure overcomes the
      major technical difficulties associated with the analysis of these cells, enables
      unambiguous chromosome counts to be made and allows the majority of cells to be
      karyotyped. Preliminary results on two hundred cells from six men with apparently
      normal karyotypes are presented.

PMID- 4073827
TI  - Twinning rates in Fiji.
AB  - The incidence of twins in Fiji has been investigated using birth registrations
      for the years 1976-81. The twinning rate for the indigenous Fijians is found to
      be 9.4 per 1000 live maternities, (based on 407 sets of twins), and for Indians,
      descendants of immigrants who began to arrive in Fiji in 1879, 6.2 per 1000
      (based on 350 twins). After standardizing for maternal age, the difference
      between the two ethnic groups decreases slightly, but the Fijian rate remains
      almost 40% above that of the Indians. This difference is consistent over the 6
      years of the study, is found for mothers of all age groups under 40 and at all
      levels of parity. An analysis of hospital records in Fiji produces higher
      twinning rates for both Fijians and Indians, but a similar difference is found
      between the two ethnic groups. Although the twinning rate for Fijians is lower
      than that reported for other Melanesian people, it is well above reliable rates
      found for Mongoloid races from whom the Fijian is descended. The sparse
      information on twinning rates among Polynesians suggests rates not dissimilar
      from Melanesians, so that no support for the hypothesis of low twinning rates in
      the Pacific is evident. The twinning rate for Indians in Fiji is lower than rates
      reported from the Indian subcontinent.

PMID- 4073828
TI  - The analysis of intraclass correlation in multiple samples.
AB  - A unified methodology is presented for the analysis of intraclass correlation in
      two or more samples, with emphasis on application to family studies. The
      methodology provides point and interval estimates of a common intraclass
      correlation in data having either fixed or variable class sizes. Tests of
      homogeneity for intraclass correlation coefficients are also discussed.

PMID- 4073829
TI  - Chiasma derived genetic lengths and recombination fractions: a 46, XY, t(9; 10)
      (p22; q24) reciprocal translocation.
AB  - Chiasma distribution data on chromosomes 1, 2 and 9 from a reciprocal
      translocation carrier with a 46, XY, t(9; 10) (p22; q24) karyotype were used to
      calculate genetic distances and recombination fractions for chromosome segments
      corresponding to the major mitotic bands and for intervals between the
      centromeres and points at 10% intervals along the chromosome arms. These values
      were compared with those from control males with normal karyotypes. The
      translocation showed a marked increase in crossing-over in one specific region of
      chromosome 9 and, in addition, there was evidence of interchromosomal effects in
      chromosomes 1 and 2.

PMID- 4073830
TI  - The location of the major bands on chromosome 1 at diakinesis in the human male
      and the relationship between banding pattern and chiasma localization.
AB  - Q-banded chromosome 1 bivalents from six human males were measured in order to
      determine the locations of the major band borders. Chiasma position was also
      recorded in these bivalents in order to determine whether chiasmata
      preferentially occurred in Q-bright regions, Q-dark regions or in the interfaces
      between. The results indicated that the locations of the major bands of
      chromosome 1 were very similar at diakinesis and at mitotic prometaphase and that
      chiasma distribution was not governed by the banding pattern of the chromosome.

PMID- 4073831
TI  - Heritable fragile sites on human chromosomes. XII. Population cytogenetics.
AB  - Chromosome studies to detect the folate sensitive fragile sites have been carried
      out on 2439 randomly selected neonates. Four autosomal fragile sites were
      detected in this group. Similar studies were carried out on referred patients,
      special school students and sheltered workshop employees. The incidence of
      fragile X in these groups was 6/1936, 13/502 and 0/128 respectively. Autosomal
      folate sensitive fragile sites were seen in 14/1936, 5/502 and 2/128 individuals
      respectively.

PMID- 4073832
TI  - Chromosome assignment, biochemical and immunological studies on a human aldehyde
      dehydrogenase, ALDH3.
AB  - The biochemical properties of ALDH isozymes have been examined in human tissues
      and one set, designated ALDH3, has been studied in detail. These components occur
      at highest levels in lung and stomach, but were not expressed in fetal tissues,
      or in blood, hair roots and fibroblasts. The ALDH3 isozymes show optimal activity
      with benzaldehyde and can use either NAD or NADP as cofactor. Antiserum against a
      partially purified ALDH3, from stomach, selectively precipitates this isozyme
      from human tissues and selectively recognizes an homologous component in the rat.
      Human and rodent ALDH3 were not immunoprecipitated by anti-ALDH1 or anti-ALDH2
      antisera. High levels of expression were found in human-rodent hybrids,
      constructed using rat hepatoma cells, and these hybrids were used to assign the
      human ALDH3 gene to chromosome 17.

PMID- 4073833
TI  - Further studies on bivalent chiasma frequency in human males with normal
      karyotypes.
AB  - Previously unpublished data on the chiasma frequency of individual bivalents
      identified by a triple staining technique are presented for four males. The total
      autosomal cell chiasma frequency and sex chromosome univalence frequency are also
      given for these males and for three others. All seven males had apparently normal
      46,XY karyotypes and normal spermatogenesis. The extent of inter-individual
      variation in cell and bivalent chiasma frequency and the gross relationship
      between chromosome length and chiasma frequency are discussed.

PMID- 4073834
TI  - Further studies on chiasma distribution and interference in the human male.
AB  - Some unusual patterns of chiasma distribution were noted in a preliminary
      investigation of meiosis in an infertile male with an apparently normal mitotic
      karyotype and a normal mean autosomal cell chiasma frequency. A detailed
      investigation of chiasma distribution on all 22 autosomes revealed that several
      chromosomes showed a significant change in chiasma distribution and/or mean inter
      chiasma distance in comparison with previously published controls. These findings
      are discussed in relation to the general patterns of chiasma localization in the
      human male and the role of interference.

PMID- 4073835
TI  - Meiotic chromosome pairing in the normal human female.
AB  - The synaptonemal complexes of oocytes from 16-22 week human fetuses were spread
      using detergent and silver-stained for examination by light microscopy. Zygotene
      chromosome synapsis generally begins at the telomeres, without obvious
      prealignment, and proceeds towards the centromeres. Synapsis is not synchronous
      and longer bivalents may sometimes be completely paired before shorter ones. At
      pachytene, when pairing is usually complete, some regions presumed to correspond
      to the heterochromatic blocks of chromosomes 1.9 and 16 may remain unpaired.
      Residual univalents are uncommon, and little interlocking is evident at this
      stage. Desynapsis indicating the beginning of diplotene frequently begins at the
      telomeres, although there is a general relaxation of pairing throughout the
      bivalents which become increasingly diffuse as diplotene proceeds. The total
      synaptonemal complex complement length at pachytene in the female is 519 micron,
      which is about twice that found in the human male. The implications of these
      results for genetic mapping are discussed.

PMID- 4073836
TI  - Human L-xylulose reductase variation: family and population studies.
AB  - Only one of the two main L-xylulose reductases present in human tissue is
      deficient in individuals with essential pentosuria (Lane, 1985). The isozyme
      which is affected by the pentosuria mutation occurs as mitochondrial and
      cytosolic forms in normal individuals, whereas the other isozyme (which is not
      affected by the mutation) occurs only in the cytosol. A new assay of red cell L
      xylulose reductase activity has facilitated the identification of carriers of the
      essential pentosuria allele at both family and population levels. Reinvestigation
      of a Lebanese family in which pentosuria has previously been thought to be
      dominantly inherited reveals that the condition is recessively inherited in this
      family as well. A minimum estimate of the frequency of the pentosuria allele in
      an Ashkenazi-Jewish population, calculated from the apparent heterozygote
      frequency, is 0.0127. The likelihood of the Ashkenazi and Lebanese pentosuria
      alleles being the same is discussed.

PMID- 4073837
TI  - On the perpetuation of relic genes having an inviable homozygote.
AB  - Reproductive compensation may be prezygotic or postzygotic. Prezygotic
      compensation is the replacement of inviable infants by one or more additional
      births. When the marital fertility rates are greater than necessary to replace
      the parents, however, many traditional societies ensured that any surviving
      progeny in excess of two (on average) did not marry, or married only if they
      replaced an older sib as heir to the family estate. We call this postzygotic
      compensation. We show that the coefficient of biologically effective compensation
      approximates unity when normal and genetic-disease-affected sibships were both
      sufficiently large to ensure that, on average, two or more sibs survived to the
      end of the reproductive period, irrespective of the level of prezygotic
      compensation. The impact of these types of compensation on the population
      genetics of Tay-Sachs disease and cystic fibrosis is discussed.

PMID- 4073838
TI  - Use of robust variance components models to analyse triglyceride data in
      families.
AB  - A robust approach for analysis of variance components models is presented which
      does not rely on the assumption of multivariate normality for its validity. This
      approach uses the multivariated normal distribution as a 'working model' but
      obtains standard errors for the final estimators which do not depend on this
      underlying distribution. By using the observed variance in the first derivatives
      of the multivariate normal 'working model' to modify the conventional score test,
      hypotheses regarding specific components can also be tested without relying
      directly on the assumption of multivariate normality. A special case is presented
      where both the modified score test and the likelihood ratio test are equally
      robust, and simulated data are used to illustrate this situation. Measurements of
      triglyceride levels in 391 individuals in 60 families randomly selected from the
      membership of a health maintenance organization are used to illustrate this
      robust approach to variance components.

PMID- 4073839
TI  - Left ear suppression on verbal dichotic tests in patients with multiple
      sclerosis.
AB  - Verbal dichotic listening tests employing nonsense consonant-vowel stimulus pairs
      were administered to 11 right-handed patients with chronic multiple sclerosis and
      to 10 right-handed normal controls. A highly significant reduction of left-ear
      scores was found in the multiple sclerosis group. We propose that the basis for
      this finding is a disconnection of the auditory callosal pathway and that
      dichotic listening tests may be of value in detecting the presence of lesions of
      the deep white matter of the cerebral hemispheres in multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 4073840
TI  - Regional glucose utilization and blood flow following graded forebrain ischemia
      in the rat: correlation with neuropathology.
AB  - Regional patterns of cerebral glucose utilization (rCMRglc) and blood flow (rCBF)
      were examined in the early recovery period following transient forebrain ischemia
      in order to correlate early postischemic physiological events with regionally
      selective patterns of ischemic neuropathology. Wistar rats were subjected to 30
      or 60 minutes of graded forebrain ischemia by a method combining unilateral
      occlusion of the common carotid artery with moderate elevation of intracranial
      pressure and mild hypotension; this procedure results in a high-grade ischemic
      deficit affecting chiefly the lateral neocortex, striatum, and hippocampus
      ipsilateral to the carotid occlusion. Simultaneous measurements of rCMRglc and
      rCBF made in regional tissue samples after 2 and 4 hours of postischemic
      recirculation using a double-tracer radioisotopic strategy revealed a
      disproportionately high level of glucose metabolism relative to blood flow in the
      early postischemic striatum, owing to the resumption of nearly normal rCMRglc in
      the face of depressed flow. In contrast, the neocortex, which had been equally
      ischemic, showed parallel depressions of both metabolism and blood flow during
      early recovery. Light microscopy at 4 and 8 hours after recovery revealed the
      striatum to be the predominant locus of ischemic neuronal alterations, whereas
      neocortical lesions were much less prominent in extent and severity at this time.
      The resumption of normal levels of metabolism in the setting of a
      disproportionate depression of rCBF in the early postischemic period may
      accentuate the process of neuronal injury initiated by ischemia and may
      contribute to the genesis of neuronal necrosis in "selectively vulnerable" areas
      of the forebrain.

PMID- 4073841
TI  - Hallervorden-Spatz disease: cysteine accumulation and cysteine dioxygenase
      deficiency in the globus pallidus.
AB  - We describe neurochemical abnormalities found in the brains of 2 patients with
      autopsy-confirmed Hallervorden-Spatz (HS) disease. In 1 patient, contents of
      cystine and of glutathione-cysteine mixed disulfide in the globus pallidus were
      markedly elevated above values for appropriate control subjects. Activity of
      cysteine dioxygenase, which converts cysteine to cysteine sulfinic acid, was
      reduced in the globus pallidus, but normal in the frontal cortex and putamen of
      both patients. gamma-Aminobutyric acid content was markedly decreased in the
      globus pallidus and substantia nigra of both patients. These results suggest that
      cysteine accumulates locally in the globus pallidus in Hallervorden-Spatz disease
      as a result of an enzymatic block in the metabolic pathway from cysteine to
      taurine. Accumulated cysteine may chelate iron, accounting for the local increase
      in iron content in Hallervorden-Spatz disease. The combined excess of cysteine
      and ferrous iron may generate free radicals that damage neuronal membranes to
      cause the typical morphological changes observed in this disorder.

PMID- 4073842
TI  - Complex partial seizures of frontal lobe origin.
AB  - Complex partial seizures of medial or orbital frontal origin were documented in
      10 of 90 patients with intractable epilepsy who were studied with depth
      electrodes. The clinical features that, in part, served to distinguish these
      seizures from complex partial seizures originating elsewhere included brief,
      frequent attacks, complex motor automatisms with kicking and thrashing, sexual
      automatisms, vocalization, and frequent development of complex partial status
      epilepticus. The constellation of clinical characteristics was often bizarre,
      leading to the erroneous diagnosis of hysteria. Stereotyped attack patterns
      helped establish the diagnosis of epilepsy. Interictal and ictal scalp
      electroencephalograms were often not helpful and were sometimes misleading.

PMID- 4073843
TI  - Neurogenic flare responses following topical application of capsaicin in humans.
AB  - The flare response to noxious stimulation of the skin is mediated by polymodal
      nociceptors of C fiber primary afferent nerves. Topical application of capsaicin
      initiates a flare response and burning pain. In this study, the variability of
      capsaicin-induced flare and pain was assessed in 220 subjects. The major factors
      in flare response are body site and age; more severe reactions occur in more
      proximal sites and in younger subjects. Larger flares were shown to be associated
      with greater pain. Variability is probably due to differences in the structure
      and reactivity of the neurovascular unit as proposed in the Lewis model of the
      axon reflex. It may prove possible to assess polymodal nociceptor function using
      topical capsaicin in disease states that affect the peripheral terminals of
      primary afferent nerves.

PMID- 4073844
TI  - Hypoglycemia masquerading as cerebrovascular disease (hypoglycemic hemiplegia).
AB  - Hypoglycemia produced hemiplegia with right-sided predilection in 16 patients
      initially suspected of having suffered a stroke. Fifteen patients had no
      demonstrable brain disease, and the hemiplegia cleared rapidly once the
      hypoglycemia was corrected. Invasive investigations such as carotid arteriography
      are not required in most patients. The features of hypoglycemia hemiplegia
      suggest that a selective neuronal vulnerability and not underlying focal brain
      disease is responsible in most cases.

PMID- 4073845
TI  - Buccofacial apraxia without aphasia due to a right parietal lesion.
AB  - Buccofacial praxis in right-handers is thought to be mediated by the left
      hemisphere. We present the case of a right-handed man without family history of
      sinistrality who exhibited a buccofacial apraxia following a unilateral right
      parietal infarction. Other findings such as intact language, visuospatial
      impairment, and hemi-inattention are more characteristic of right posterior
      lesions.

PMID- 4073846
TI  - Treatment of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis with chenodeoxycholic acid.
AB  - We describe a patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis who was treated for one
      year with chenodeoxycholic acid. Modest clinical improvement was accompanied by
      marked improvement in visual and brainstem auditory evoked potentials. Improved
      central nervous system function coincided with return of plasma and cerebrospinal
      fluid cholestanol levels to normal.

PMID- 4073847
TI  - Reynaud's phenomenon and entrapment neuropathies.

PMID- 4073848
TI  - Failure of stapedius reflexometry in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 4073850
TI  - Preservation of hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease.
AB  - The integrity of the hypothalamic neuroendocrine dopaminergic neurons in
      Parkinson's disease was assessed by comparing the numbers and distribution of
      melanin-pigmented neurons in the arcuate and periventricular nuclei in 7
      parkinsonian and 5 normal brains. No significant differences were observed. In
      contrast to theories suggesting that Parkinson's disease involves a universal
      degeneration of central catecholaminergic neurons, the hypothalamic
      neuroendocrine dopaminergic neurons do not appear to be involved by the disease.

PMID- 4073849
TI  - The effect of carbidopa on the pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered
      levodopa: the mechanism of action in the treatment of parkinsonism.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of short and long intravenous infusions of levodopa with and
      without concurrent oral administration of carbidopa was studied in 9 parkinsonian
      patients. Carbidopa reduced by 50% both the infusion rate required to produce a
      clinical response and the time required for plasma clearance of levodopa. Using
      this value for clearance, it is estimated that carbidopa doubles the
      bioavailability of orally administered levodopa. Carbidopa did not alter the
      therapeutically effective plasma concentration of levodopa, suggesting that
      carbidopa does not modify the so-called enzymatic blood-brain barrier. The
      decline of the plasma levodopa concentration was biphasic; carbidopa modestly
      increased half-lives of both phases. The apparent volume of distribution was not
      significantly altered. Carbidopa did not change the duration of the clinical
      response after the discontinuation of short infusions. From these observations we
      infer that the therapeutic effects of carbidopa can be attributed to doubling the
      bioavailability of orally administered levodopa and halving its plasma clearance.

PMID- 4073851
TI  - Influenza B virus model of Reye's syndrome in mice: the effect of aspirin.
AB  - Aspirin is a possible cofactor with influenza B virus in Reye's syndrome. In an
      attempt to determine whether single or multiple doses of acetylsalicylic acid
      (ASA) alter mortality in an influenza B virus mouse model of Reye's syndrome,
      either ASA (300 to 667 mg/kg) or saline was given intraperitoneally to 3-week-old
      Balb/c mice. Two hours later, one median lethal dose (LD50) of influenza B/Lee
      virus was given intravenously. Mortality was not significantly increased by the
      single ASA dose. Blood ASA levels rose as high as 68 mg/dl. The average ASA blood
      levels in mice 12 hours after receiving the virus plus 667 mg/kg ASA was 22.6
      mg/dl, which was significantly higher than the 3.4 mg/dl for mice who received
      saline plus ASA. No significant increase in mortality occurred in mice given 67
      mg/kg ASA twice daily for 7 days and one LD50 dose of virus on day 4. We conclude
      that a single dose of ASA at up to half the median lethal dose or multiple doses
      of ASA do not significantly increase mortality in this influenza virus model of
      Reye's syndrome. However, influenza B virus infection appears to interfere with
      ASA metabolism.

PMID- 4073852
TI  - The inferior longitudinal fasciculus: a reexamination in humans and monkeys.
AB  - The inferior longitudinal fasciculus is commonly considered to be a long
      association fiber bundle interconnecting the occipital and temporal lobes. Based
      on blunt dissections of human and monkey brains, we have found that the only long
      fiber bundle common to both the occipital and temporal lobes is the
      geniculostriate pathway (i.e., optic radiations), located within the external
      sagittal stratum. In addition, our autoradiographic experiments indicate that the
      pathway from the occipital to the temporal cortex in monkeys consists of a series
      of U fibers that course beneath the cortical mantle to connect adjacent regions
      in striate, prestriate, and inferior temporal cortex. We suggest that the
      occipital and temporal lobes in human beings are similarly connected by a series
      of U fibers and that the term inferior longitudinal fasciculus be replaced with
      the term occipitotemporal projection system. Different clinical syndromes
      attributed to lesions of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, including visual
      agnosia, prosopagnosia, and impaired visual recent memory, are probably due to
      interruption of fibers at different points along this projection system.

PMID- 4073853
TI  - Biotinidase deficiency: initial clinical features and rapid diagnosis.
AB  - Biotinidase deficiency is the primary defect in most individuals with late-onset
      multiple carboxylase deficiency. We have reviewed the presenting clinical
      features of 31 children with the disorder. Seizures, either alone or with other
      neurological or cutaneous findings, are the most frequent initial symptom
      observed. Other neurological symptoms, such as hypotonia, ataxia, hearing loss,
      optic atrophy, and developmental delay, are seen, in addition to skin rash and
      alopecia. The disorder is also characterized by ketolactic acidosis and organic
      aciduria. Biotinidase activity may be diagnosed using a simple, rapid,
      semiquantitative colorimetric procedure. Samples of whole blood spotted on the
      same filter paper used by most states to screen for phenylketonuria and other
      inborn errors of metabolism may be sent to an appropriate reference laboratory.
      None of the common anticonvulsants or sedatives used to treat newborns and
      children interfere with the test. Because biotinidase deficiency can be treated
      readily with biotin, this disorder should be considered in children with
      infantile seizures, especially in the presence of other characteristic
      neurological or cutaneous features.

PMID- 4073854
TI  - Reversible go-no go deficits in a case of frontal lobe tumor.
AB  - A 50-year-old woman had been treated for a psychiatric disorder for three years.
      Findings during the elementary neurological examination were essentially normal.
      However, a computed tomographic scan revealed a large meningioma in the falx
      involving the medial aspects of the frontal lobes bilaterally. Neuropsychological
      examination demonstrated deficits in complex attentional tasks and also many
      errors of commission in the go-no go test. Following surgical excision of the
      tumor, her go-no go performance became normal. This patient shows that damage to
      the medial frontal lobe can cause deficits in go-no go performance, and that
      these deficits can be reversible following resolution of the lesion.

PMID- 4073855
TI  - The Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome: a case with increased CNS IgG synthesis.

PMID- 4073856
TI  - Syndrome of opsoclonus-myoclonus in hyperosmolar nonketotic coma.

PMID- 4073857
TI  - Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike syndrome (MELAS)

PMID- 4073858
TI  - Comparison of ceftriaxone and ampicillin plus chloramphenicol for the therapy of
      acute bacterial meningitis.
AB  - Ceftriaxone, a new third-generation cephalosporin, appears to be promising for
      the therapy of acute bacterial meningitis. The 90% MBCs of ceftriaxone against 54
      recent cerebrospinal fluid isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria
      meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae were less than or equal to 0.06 to 0.25
      micrograms/ml. We examined the efficacy and safety of ceftriaxone therapy of
      meningitis in Bahia, Brazil. The study was conducted in two phases; in phase A,
      ceftriaxone was coadministered with ampicillin. The mean cerebrospinal fluid
      concentrations of ceftriaxone 24 h after an intravenous dose of 80 mg/kg were 4.2
      and 2.3 micrograms/ml on days 4 to 6 and 10 to 12 of therapy, respectively. These
      concentrations were 8- to more than 100-fold greater than the 90% MBCs against
      the relevant pathogens. In phase B, ceftriaxone (administered once daily at a
      dose of 80 mg/kg after an initial dose of 100 mg/kg) was compared with
      conventional dosages of ampicillin and chloramphenicol in a prospective
      randomized trial of 36 children and adults with meningitis. The groups were
      comparable based on clinical, laboratory, and etiological parameters. Ceftriaxone
      given once daily produced results equivalent to those obtained with ampicillin
      plus chloramphenicol, as judged by cure rate, case fatality ratio, resolution
      with sequelae, type and severity of sequelae, time to sterility of cerebrospinal
      fluid, and potentially drug-related adverse effects. The cerebrospinal fluid
      bactericidal titers obtained 16 to 24 h after ceftriaxone dosing were usually
      1:512 to greater than 1:2,048 even late in the treatment course, compared with
      values of 1:8 to 1:32 in patients receiving ampicillin plus chloramphenicol.
      Ceftriaxone clearly deserves further evaluation for the therapy of meningitis;
      the optimal dose, dosing frequency (every 12 h or every 24 h), and duration of
      therapy remain to be determined.

PMID- 4073859
TI  - Performance of a diffusional clearance model for beta-lactam antimicrobial agents
      as influenced by extravascular protein binding and interstitial fluid kinetics.
AB  - A physiological model based on diffusional clearance (CLD) of drug between plasma
      and interstitial fluid (IF) was used to describe the disposition of beta-lactam
      antimicrobial agents. The CLD represents the movement of drug in and out of
      physiological spaces and is dependent only on the transfer properties of the
      drug. Estimates of CLD obtained by fitting model equations to plasma
      concentration-time data for 11 cephalosporin studies in human subjects fell in a
      fairly narrow range, with a mean value of 1,604 ml/min. Estimates of the CLD
      between plasma and blister fluid for three of the cephalosporins were five orders
      of magnitude smaller than the CLD. These observations are explained in terms of
      diffusion principles. Computer simulations with this model were used to assess
      the effect of changes in IF protein binding on antimicrobial distribution.
      Increases in the bound fraction of drug in IF enhanced the penetration of total
      (bound and unbound) drug into IF, but had no effect on the amount of unbound,
      active antimicrobial agent reaching the IF. The time course of unbound drug in IF
      was altered, however, by changes in IF protein binding. This model may also be
      used to predict changes in the IF distribution of beta-lactam antimicrobial
      agents in disease states, particularly those in which the relative distribution
      of albumin between plasma and IF has been altered.

PMID- 4073860
TI  - Activity of selenazofurin against influenza A and B viruses in vitro.
AB  - Activity of the new antiviral compound selenazofurin was compared with the known
      active compounds ribavirin and amantadine against influenza A and B viruses. In
      experiments with Madin Darby canine kidney cells, selenazofurin inhibited the
      cytopathic effect and yield of influenza A/NWS/33 virus, with 50% effective dose
      ranges of 0.7 to 1.4 micrograms/ml (virus rating [VR], 1.3 to 1.4). The 50%
      effective dose range for ribavirin was 1.2 to 1.6 micrograms/ml (VR, 1.0 to 1.3),
      and for amantadine it was 9 micrograms/ml (VR, 0.9). Selenazofurin and ribavirin
      were similarly inhibitory to influenza B/Lee/40 virus, whereas amantadine was
      inactive. Selenazofurin appeared somewhat cytotoxic in these studies at
      concentrations as low as 1 micrograms/ml.

PMID- 4073861
TI  - In vitro susceptibilities of 25 Giardia lamblia isolates of human origin to six
      commonly used antiprotozoal agents.
AB  - The role drug resistance plays in the occurrence of chronic and recurrent
      giardiasis has not been established. Extensive data on the susceptibility to
      antimicrobial agents of living Giardia spp. trophozoites from human origin are
      lacking. We have determined with a macrodilution method in semisolid medium the
      in vitro susceptibility of 25 Giardia lamblia isolates, all obtained by routine
      cultivation of the duodenal fluid of children to six commonly used antiprotozoal
      drugs. The results showed tinidazole to be the most active drug (all isolates
      have MICs of less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml). Metronidazole was equally
      active on all but one isolate, for which an MIC between 0.5 and 1 micrograms/ml
      was found. Furazolidone was the most active nonimidazole compound tested. More
      than 50% of the isolates were very susceptible to paromomycin, pyrimethamine, and
      chloroquine. Two of the strains presented an MIC for paromomycin higher than 10
      micrograms/ml, and six strains needed more than 50 micrograms of pyrimethamine
      per ml to be inhibited. Decreased susceptibility of several of the isolates to
      different agents appears to be linked.

PMID- 4073862
TI  - Molecular analysis of multiple-resistance plasmids transferred from gram-negative
      bacteria isolated in a urological unit.
AB  - Forty-one isolates of multiply resistant gram-negative bacteria causing infection
      in a urological unit of a Dublin hospital were collected during a 6-month period.
      Twenty-one isolates transferred multiple resistance to an Escherichia coli K-12
      recipient in liquid matings. Serratia marcescens, Proteus morganii, Proteus
      vulgaris, and E. coli isolates harbored similar 120-megadalton IncC plasmids,
      whereas Enterobacter cloacae strains transferred a 160-megadalton plasmid of a
      different Inc group. Southern hybridization experiments were performed with
      purified fragments cloned from one IncC plasmid as probes. They were hybridized
      to plasmid sequences in total cellular DNA extracts, showing that the IncC
      plasmids were very closely related. This suggests that the same plasmid has
      transferred to different bacterial species in the hospital environment.

PMID- 4073863
TI  - In vitro antistreptococcal activity of the potassium-sparing diuretics amiloride
      and triamterene.
AB  - The ionophore antimicrobial agents provide evidence that perturbations of the
      electrolyte balance of bacterial cells exert a growth-inhibitory activity.
      Several drugs acting on animal cell membranes have also been shown to be active
      on bacterial cells. In this paper, we report preliminary susceptibility studies
      showing that the class of potassium-sparing diuretics acting directly on
      monovalent cation fluxes on animal cells possesses a selective growth-inhibitory
      activity on hemolytic streptococci.

PMID- 4073864
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of carumonam, a new synthetic monobactam.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of the monobactam carumonam (Ro 17-2301) as derived from
      serial measurement of the concentrations of this agent in serum, blister fluid,
      and urine were studied in six male volunteers subsequent to intravenous infusion
      of a single 2-g dose. Drug levels in serum in excess of 75 micrograms/ml were
      achieved 0.5 h after the end of infusion, declining to 2.9 micrograms/ml at 8 h.
      The mean serum and blister fluid elimination half-lives were 1.68 and 1.7 h,
      respectively. The urinary recovery of the drug by 24 h was 80.6% (range, 68.3 to
      91.1%). Carumonam penetrated blister fluid well, the mean percentage penetration
      (as measured by the ratio of areas under curves) being 101.6%.

PMID- 4073865
TI  - Comparative in vitro activities of MDL 473, rifampin, and ansamycin against
      Mycobacterium intracellulare.
AB  - The susceptibilities of 20 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium intracellulare to
      rifampin, MDL 473, and ansamycin were determined by broth and agar dilution
      methods. Ansamycin was more active than MDL 473, which in turn was usually more
      active than rifampin by either method. The MICs for 90% of the strains tested by
      agar dilution were 1, 2, and 4 micrograms of ansamycin, MDL 473, and rifampin per
      ml, respectively.

PMID- 4073866
TI  - In vitro susceptibility of pathogenic Vibrio species to norfloxacin and six other
      antimicrobial agents.
AB  - The in vitro activity of norfloxacin and six other antimicrobial agents was
      tested against 93 vibrio strains representing the currently described pathogenic
      Vibrio species. Norfloxacin had excellent activity against all species, with the
      following MICs for 90% of the strains: 0.016 micrograms/ml for Vibrio cholerae
      (including tetracycline-resistant V. cholerae O1 strains), 0.25 micrograms/ml for
      V. parahaemolyticus, and 0.063 micrograms/ml for V. vulnificus.

PMID- 4073867
TI  - Oscillating tolerance in synchronized cultures of Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Cells of synchronized cultures of Staphylococcus aureus showed an oscillating
      MBC/MIC ratio when tested with penicillin G. Although the MICs did not differ
      significantly throughout the cell cycle, the MBC was at its maximum when actively
      dividing cells were inoculated.

PMID- 4073868
TI  - Vancomycin-resistant streptococci or Leuconostoc sp.
AB  - Two strains of gram-positive cocci highly resistant to vancomycin (MICs of 512
      and 1,024 micrograms/ml) were isolated from blood cultures in two compromised
      patients. These organisms were identified as Leuconostoc spp. Leuconostoc spp.
      are gram-positive cocci found in vegetables and dairy products; they had not been
      isolated previously from clinical specimens. The susceptibility of eight
      Leuconostoc spp. strains, including the two clinical isolates, to 23
      antimicrobial agents was determined.

PMID- 4073869
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cephalosporins in normal and septicemic rabbits.
AB  - The differences in the pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime, moxalactam, and CPW 86
      363, a new expanded-spectrum cephalosporin, were studied in healthy rabbits and
      in rabbits infected intravenously with Streptococcus pneumoniae. The
      pharmacokinetic analysis of concentration-time courses in the sera of infected
      animals according to a two compartment-model evidenced a clear decrease of drug
      fractions in the central compartment but enhanced drug fractions in the
      peripheral compartment. The shift was more pronounced in animals which received
      CPW 86-363 (60%; P less than 0.05) than in those which received cefotaxime (20%)
      or moxalactam (5%). Corresponding increases in drug concentration were observed
      in soft tissue interstitial fluid; therefore, the areas under the curve and mean
      residence times in the soft tissue interstitial fluid of infected rabbits were
      prolonged. The shift of drug fractions from the central compartment to other body
      fluid compartments during infection was thought to be due to cardiovascular
      changes associated with fever. No changes in serum binding of the three drugs
      were found during the course of the infection. The quantitative differences in
      the extent of altered distribution properties of the drugs might be due to
      variations in the physicochemical properties of the drugs.

PMID- 4073870
TI  - Reverse transsulfuration and its relationship to thienamycin biosynthesis in
      Streptomyces cattleya.
AB  - Cystathionine gamma-lyase (EC 4.4.1.1) was purified from Streptomyces cattleya,
      an actinomycete which produces the unusual beta-lactam antibiotic thienamycin.
      The enzyme displays broad substrate specificity and is similar to gamma-lyases
      purified from other microorganisms. That the gamma-lyase functions in vivo to
      provide cysteine for antibiotic synthesis was shown by two types of experiments.
      First, cystathionine and methionine, as well as cysteine itself, are efficiently
      utilized by S. cattleya for thienamycin biosynthesis. Second, propargylglycine, a
      mechanism-based inactivator of cystathionine gamma-lyase in vitro, inhibits the
      synthesis of thienamycin in vivo. This inhibition can be substantially reversed
      by providing the cells with another source of cysteine, such as cystine.

PMID- 4073871
TI  - Effects of morphine on the disposition of ampicillin in mice.
AB  - Morphine raised the levels of intravenously administered ampicillin in the plasma
      of mice. Despite higher ampicillin levels in plasma after administration of
      morphine, levels of this antibiotic in bile and urine were not elevated. After
      ligation of the common bile duct, ampicillin levels in plasma were elevated.
      Morphine caused a further rise in drug levels in plasma of duct-ligated mice.
      Ampicillin levels in plasma were higher in mice made anephric by prolonged
      ligation of their external urethras. In such animals, morphine also caused
      ampicillin levels in plasma to be even higher. These experiments suggest that
      morphine impairs both renal and hepatobiliary elimination of ampicillin. These
      effects of morphine were completely reversed by naloxone. In contrast to effects
      on intravenously administered ampicillin, morphine markedly reduced drug levels
      in plasma when ampicillin was given by gastric intubation. This resulted from
      delayed absorption because of retardation of gastric emptying by morphine.

PMID- 4073872
TI  - Comparative effects of gentamicin and tobramycin on excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D
      glucosaminidase.
AB  - Patients receiving gentamicin or tobramycin were studied to determine whether
      there were differences in the urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D
      glucosaminidase (NAG) between the two groups. The average daily increases in NAG
      excretion were significantly higher in the group receiving gentamicin. In
      individual patients, the best correlation with nephrotoxicity was with high
      initial rates of NAG excretion. If abnormally high initial rates of increase can
      serve as a prognosticator of nephrotoxicity, it may be possible to alter
      aminoglycoside therapy and to avoid renal damage.

PMID- 4073873
TI  - Prophylaxis of murine candidiasis via application of liposome-encapsulated
      amphotericin B and a muramyl dipeptide analog, alone and in combination.
AB  - The present study was conducted to examine the effect of a lipophilic analog of
      muramyl dipeptide, 6-O-stearoyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alpha-aminobutyryl-D
      isoglutamine (6-O-S-Abu-MDP), a macrophage activator, on the prophylactic
      activity of liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmpB) against disseminated candidiasis in
      mice. Multilamellar vesicles containing AmpB and (6-O-S-Abu)-MDP were prepared by
      using dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine and dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol (7:3
      molar ratio). Hale-Stoner mice (6 to 8 weeks old) were injected with 7 X 10(5)
      CFU of Candida albicans 336 isolated from a patient. Groups of mice were injected
      intravenously with different doses of L-AmpB and L-(6-O-S-Abu)-MDP, individually
      or in combination, 2 days before challenge with C. albicans. The mice were
      injected with a fixed dose of L-AmpB (1.2 mg/kg in 400 mg of lipid per kg) and
      various doses of L-(6-O-S-Abu)-MDP (0.6, 1.2, 2, and 4 mg/kg in 400 mg of lipid
      per kg) or vice versa. Other control groups included untreated mice and those
      receiving empty liposomes (400 mg of lipid per kg), free AmpB (0.6 mg/kg), or
      free (6-O-S-Abu)-MDP (4 mg/kg). The mice receiving L-AmpB (1.2 mg/kg) plus L-(6-O
      S-Abu)-MDP (0.6 to 4.0 mg/kg) survived up to 25 to 30 days as compared with those
      injected with L-AmpB alone (15 days) or with L-(6-O-S-Abu)-MDP alone (10 to 15
      days). All the mice in other control groups died within 7 to 11 days. The kidney
      cultures of the mice that received L-AmpB (4 mg/kg) plus L-(6-O-S-Abu)-MDP (1.2
      mg/kg) were free of C. albicans infection, unlike those injected with L-AmpB.
      Variance analysis of these findings indicates a synergistic activity between L
      AmpB and L-(6-O-S-Abu)-MDP in the prophylaxis of candidiasis.

PMID- 4073874
TI  - Rapid method for determination of kanamycin and dibekacin in serum by use of high
      pressure liquid chromatography.
AB  - A rapid, simple, and accurate method for the determination of kanamycin and
      dibekacin in serum by use of high-pressure liquid chromatography is described.
      The serum proteins were precipitated with 3.5% perchloric acid containing sodium
      octanesulfonate. After centrifugation, a sample of the supernatant was directly
      injected into the chromatograph. The determination of kanamycin and dibekacin was
      performed by a combination of reverse-phase, ion-pair chromatography, postcolumn
      derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde, and fluorescence detection. The correlation
      coefficients with fluorescence polarization immunoassay were 0.996 for kanamycin
      and 0.957 for dibekacin.

PMID- 4073875
TI  - Differential effect of sinefungin and its analogs on the multiplication of three
      Leishmania species.
AB  - Sinefungin and seven analogs were evaluated in vitro for activity against
      promastigote multiplication of Leishmania donovani, L. tropica, and L. enrietti.
      Of these compounds, sinefungin, the cyclic derivative, and A9145C were
      leishmanicidal at concentrations ranging from 0.13 to 2.6 microM. Sinefungin was
      the most active of these three compounds against L. donovani, and A9145C was most
      active against L. enrietti. None of the remaining derivatives exhibited
      significant activity against any one of the three species at the highest dose
      tested. All agents were assayed for activity against protein methylases I and
      III. The results of these tests showed that there is no relationship between the
      inhibition of growth and inhibition of protein methylases I and III.

PMID- 4073876
TI  - Effect of ketoconazole in combination with other inhibitors of sterol synthesis
      on fungal growth.
AB  - The effect of combination of ketoconazole with other sterol synthesis inhibitors
      on fungal growth was tested against a variety of fungi selected for resistance to
      ketoconazole. All of the sterol inhibitors, at concentrations lower than their
      MICs, caused an increase greater than fourfold in the ketoconazole susceptibility
      of some fungi. Some of the sterol synthesis inhibitors showed this effect with
      ketoconazole at levels that may be achieved clinically.

PMID- 4073877
TI  - Ceftriaxone therapy in bacteremic typhoid fever.
AB  - The efficacy and safety of ceftriaxone in the treatment of bacteremic typhoid
      fever was studied in 14 patients. Ceftriaxone at a dosage of 50 to 60 mg/kg per
      day was administered intravenously in two divided doses in 13 patients and as a
      single dose in 1 patient. When the two patients with medical complications
      causing persistent fever and the patient who was febrile during therapy were
      excluded from the calculations, the mean period of defervescence was 4 days. Five
      to eight days of ceftriaxone therapy was adequate for the patients who were
      cured. The 14 patients treated with ceftriaxone included 13 patients who were
      considered cured, although 1 was a convalescent carrier, and one patient who was
      a treatment failure. There were no relapses in the 11 patients who were monitored
      for 1 to 8 months. Both peak and trough concentrations of ceftriaxone were well
      above the ceftriaxone MICs for the Salmonella typhi strains isolated from the
      patients. We have demonstrated that ceftriaxone can be used successfully in the
      treatment of typhoid fever in some patients. The advantages of its use include
      rapid clinical response, short course of treatment, and lack of serious adverse
      drug reactions.

PMID- 4073878
TI  - Comparative trial of rifampin-doxycycline versus tetracycline-streptomycin in the
      therapy of human brucellosis.
AB  - In an attempt to compare the efficacy of rifampin-doxycycline with tetracycline
      streptomycin for the treatment of human brucellosis, we administered both
      combinations for a 30-day period, similar to the period recommended by the World
      Health Organization in a prospective, randomized trial. Forty-six patients were
      included in the final study (36 men and 10 women); 41 had blood cultures positive
      for Brucella melitensis. The 28 patients in group A received tetracycline
      hydrochloride at doses of 0.5 g every 6 h or doxycycline at 100 mg every 12 h for
      30 days plus 1 g of streptomycin a day for 21 days. The 18 patients in group B
      received rifampin at 15 mg/kg per day in a single morning dose plus 100 mg of
      doxycycline every 12 h for 30 days. For patients with focal disease from both
      groups, therapy was prolonged to 45 days. All patients underwent rigorous
      clinical and bacteriological long-term follow-up. There were no therapeutic
      failures in either group, and the defervescence period was similar for both
      groups (3.1 days for group A, 2.6 days for group B). Two patients (7.1%) from
      group A had relapses, as did seven (38.8%) from group B (P = 0.024), and blood
      cultures again became positive for B. melitensis in all of them. In both groups
      treatment was generally well tolerated. The results strongly suggest that the
      rifampin-doxycycline combination is a less efficacious mode of therapy for
      brucellosis to prevent relapses than is the classical tetracycline-streptomycin
      combination when both are administered for 30 days. A more prolonged period of
      administration of the rifampin-doxycycline combination may be required to obtain
      the same low relapse rate as that achieved with the classical tetracycline
      streptomycin treatment.

PMID- 4073879
TI  - Comparative evaluation of the 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole compounds dimetridazole,
      metronidazole, secnidazole, ornidazole, tinidazole, carnidazole, and panidazole
      against Bacteroides fragilis and other bacteria of the Bacteroides fragilis
      group.
AB  - Tube-dilution MICs of seven 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole compounds varying at the 1
      substitution were determined against Bacteroides fragilis. Activities on a molar
      basis were ranked: tinidazole greater than panidazole greater than ornidazole
      greater than metronidazole greater than or equal to secnidazole greater than
      carnidazole greater than dimetridazole. Geometric mean MICs varied from 0.5 to
      6.6 microM, and MICs against individual strains varied up to 50-fold between
      compounds. In general, the MIC of each drug correlated with that of each of the
      other drugs, but with tinidazole the correlation coefficients tended to be small
      and were not significant versus metronidazole and secnidazole. MICs against 14
      other bacteria of the B. fragilis group, including B. distasonis, B. ovatus, B.
      thetaiotaomicron, B. uniformis, and B. vulgatus, were within the range determined
      for B. fragilis.

PMID- 4073880
TI  - Kinetics of gentamicin in plasma of nonpregnant, pregnant, and fetal guinea pigs
      and its distribution in fetal tissues.
AB  - Nonpregnant and pregnant guinea pigs in the last third of gestation were injected
      intramuscularly with 4 mg of gentamicin per kg, and drug concentrations in plasma
      were determined by radioimmunoassay at several intervals after injection. The
      maximum gentamicin concentration was lower in pregnant than in nonpregnant
      animals (14.6 +/- 0.7 micrograms/ml versus 21.6 +/- 0.7 micrograms/ml), and the
      peak time occurred significantly later (0.57 +/- 0.12 h versus 0.13 +/- 0.02 h).
      Four hours after gentamicin injection, drug concentrations in plasma were 2.1 +/-
      0.8 and 0.3 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml in pregnant and nonpregnant animals,
      respectively. Pregnant animals therefore eliminated the drug from their plasma
      more slowly. These data provide good evidence that the kinetics of plasma
      gentamicin varies in pregnant females because its volume of distribution was
      larger in pregnant than in nonpregnant animals. Detectable but small amounts of
      gentamicin (less than or equal to 0.50 microgram/ml) were found in the plasma of
      46 of 57 fetuses. However, no net variations in these concentrations were
      observed during the period between 15 min and 6 h after injection to the mother.
      Gentamicin concentrations were also determined in the kidneys, liver, lungs,
      heart, and brain of fetal guinea pigs after administration to their mothers of
      one daily injection of 4 mg/kg for 7 days. Gentamicin was present in all these
      fetal organs; however, as in the adult organs, the kidneys contained far more
      than any of the others. Gentamicin concentrations were not significantly
      different in the kidney cortex and medulla (1.79 +/- 0.16 versus 1.48 +/- 0.92
      micrograms/g), indicating that, contrary to what is observed for adults, renal
      accumulation of gentamicin in the fetus does not occur preferentially in the
      cortex.

PMID- 4073881
TI  - Determination of ansamycin MICs for Mycobacterium avium complex in liquid medium
      by radiometric and conventional methods.
AB  - A radiometric method to determine the MIC of ansamycin (LM427) for Mycobacterium
      avium complex clinical isolates has been developed. It is based on a comparison
      of the conventional growth curve determination and the radiometric detection of
      growth (growth index) in the same liquid medium (7H12 broth). This new method
      requires less time and labor than does a conventional determination of MIC in
      liquid medium (CFU). Other advantages of this method include relatively short
      periods of exposure of the drug to 37 degrees C and the composition of 7H12
      broth, which has practically no substrates which could absorb or bind the drug.
      Thus, a more accurate estimation of the MIC in this medium can be expected than
      by the conventional agar dilution (proportion) method. The MICs of ansamycin
      appeared to be higher in agar plates than in 7H12 broth. More than 70% of the
      isolates had a broth-determined MIC one to three times lower than the average
      peak concentration of ansamycin achieved in sera of patients. The wide range of
      MICs suggests the importance of testing susceptibility in broth with many
      concentrations in addition to, or rather than in, agar plates with concentrations
      of 2.0 or 1.0 micrograms/ml only. Taking into account relatively low levels of
      ansamycin in sera of patients, it would be appropriate to compare the MICs with
      the levels in serum to make the outcome of chemotherapy more predictable.

PMID- 4073882
TI  - Estimation of salt intake by questionnaire.
AB  - A questionnaire designed to assess salt intake was tested. This involved
      principal components analysis of responses from 155 subjects to find the
      underlying components related to the questions. Validation of the questionnaire
      used 7-day urinary sodium excretion for 33 subjects, along with table and cooking
      salt usage over 7-days. This gave comparatively good prediction for total intake
      (r = 0.66) and table salt use (r = 0.70) but not for cooking salt use (r = 0.17).
      Test-retest reliability for the estimate of total intake was r = 0.75. This
      method would therefore offer a useful estimate of total intake, especially where
      group means are required rather than accurate estimates of individual intakes.

PMID- 4073883
TI  - Conditions recalled to have been associated with weight gain in adulthood.
AB  - A consecutive series of 341 people, requesting medical assistance with weight
      reduction, were asked to recall factors and events that they considered had been
      associated with weight gain or episodes of weight gain during childhood,
      adolescence and adulthood and to the best of their ability to quantify the weight
      gains during adulthood. Episodes of weight gain reportedly associated with
      factors such as pregnancy, psychological stress, medications, and following
      certain common surgical procedures, accounted for 75 per cent of the total weight
      gained in 243 women. In 88 men, adult weight gain was largely attributed to
      lifestyle factors.

PMID- 4073884
TI  - Role of specific postingestional effects and medicinal context in the acquisition
      of liking for tastes.
AB  - The role of positive postingestional effects in the acquisition of liking for
      tastes was explored. The purpose of the first study was to ask whether changes in
      liking are associated with the repeated ingestion in a medicinal context of a
      drug which produces positive consequences and which has a distinctive flavor. The
      results revealed no evidence for an acquired liking overall, and a more fine
      grained analysis found no evidence that any type of positive effect which
      occurred was associated with an increase in liking. In a second study, using a
      retrospective questionnaire, an examination was made of the changes in liking for
      a wider range of medicines with tastes as well as for a number of foods. Again,
      none of the specific positive medicinal effects (types of symptom relief)
      examined were especially effective in enhancing liking. However, comparison of
      data for foods and medicines revealed that the latter are less likely to come to
      be liked than are the former. One possible explanation for these results is that
      when substances are ingested with the primary motivation of obtaining positive
      postingestional consequences, as in the case of medicines, this extrinsic
      motivation interferes with the acquisition of liking.

PMID- 4073885
TI  - Dining arrangements and behavior of severely mentally retarded adults.
AB  - The behavior of 12 severely and profoundly mentally retarded men and women living
      in a 64-bed community residence was studied during large group (congregate) and
      small group dining arrangements. Four adaptive and four maladaptive mealtime
      behaviors were recorded using a coded partial interval time sampling procedure,
      employing a with-subject reversal design. Adaptive dining behaviors increased
      (15.9% to 93.6%) and maladaptive behaviors associated with meals decreased (28.8%
      to 8.5%) during small group dining periods. The relation of client behavior to
      variables in addition to group size is discussed.

PMID- 4073886
TI  - Competitive employment: teaching mentally retarded employees self-instructional
      strategies.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to teach two mentally retarded employees to perform
      tasks associated with their jobs. Typically, they served meals during lunch and
      dinner hours; however, they failed to wipe counters, and check and restock
      supplies. A self-instructional package, similar to the package introduced by
      Bornstein and Quevillon (1976), was incorporated to improve their performance in
      these areas. A multiple-baseline design was utilized in which training was
      sequentially introduced across subjects. The subjects were taught to ask
      questions about which tasks needed to be completed, answer their questions, and
      guide their performance in the task by self-instructing. The self-instructional
      strategies were introduced just prior to lunch and dinner (30-min period) and
      during the first 30 min of the lunch and dinner service periods, respectively.
      During training, both subjects demonstrated that they were capable of rehearsing
      each of the self-instructional strategies in a specific sequence. Following
      training, both subjects performed at least one of the three tasks (i.e., wiping
      counters, checking supplies, restocking supplies) during 84 and 88% of the
      observed work periods. Additionally, the results of the intervention indicated
      that both subjects spent more time working and met or exceeded nonprobationary,
      nonhandicapped coworkers' production standards (social validation measure). The
      results of this study are compared with those reported by others. Future areas of
      research are indicated.

PMID- 4073887
TI  - Adult mildly retarded persons and their parents: the relationship between
      involvement and adjustment.
AB  - The relationships of 29 mildly mentally retarded adults, who were living
      independently in the community, and their parents were examined. Analysis of
      ethnographic data from 18 months of participant observation of these mentally
      retarded adults and approximately 9 hours of parent interview revealed three
      types of parent-child relationships: Supportive, in which adult children were the
      most independent and had the highest self-esteem and in which parents promoted
      growth and development; Dependent, in which adults felt good about themselves but
      were over protected by their parents; and Conflict-ridden, in which adults were
      the least well-adjusted and parent-child interaction was discordant. The most
      salient finding was the relative lack of self-maintenance displayed by the
      mentally retarded adults in all three groups and the extensiveness of support
      provided by parents.

PMID- 4073888
TI  - Social validation of heterosexual social behavior in community settings: a
      comparison of mentally retarded and non-mentally retarded adults.
AB  - Adaptive heterosexual social interaction in community settings is an age
      appropriate social skill. Subjective evaluation methodology was used as a social
      validation procedure to establish the appropriateness and optimal rate of
      occurrence of heterosexual social behaviors in bar and restaurant settings.
      Professionals working with mentally retarded persons and college students
      completed rating scales for hypothetical mentally retarded as well as non
      mentally retarded subjects, respectively. The results show congruity between the
      behavioral expectations for mentally retarded and non-mentally retarded people in
      community settings. The findings suggest appropriate behaviors for training
      mentally retarded clients who lack adequate heterosexual community social skills.

PMID- 4073889
TI  - The development of persuasive strategies by mentally retarded children.
AB  - The persuasive strategies of educable mentally retarded children were examined in
      terms of their level of perspective-taking ability. Forty mentally retarded
      children and 40 non-mentally retarded children constructed persuasive messages to
      a familiar and unfamiliar target. There were 10 children from each group in the
      mental ages of 6, 8, 10, and 12 years. Significant differences were found for age
      and target but not between the groups. The results are discussed in terms of the
      social-cognitive and communicative skills of educable mentally retarded children.

PMID- 4073890
TI  - Teaching banking skills to mildly mentally retarded adolescents.
AB  - In this study, two experiments evaluated a classroom training program designed to
      teach basic banking skills to three mildly mentally retarded adolescents. The
      participants were taught to open savings and checking accounts during Experiment
      I and to conduct banking transactions during Experiment II. The banking
      transaction skills acquired in Experiment II maintained at high levels and
      generalized to two novel environments for two participants, whereas moderate
      generalization and maintenance scores were obtained by the third participant. The
      average performance of the mentally retarded participants compared favorably with
      the scores obtained by 10 college student volunteers in both the percentage of
      correct responses and the pattern of incorrect responses.

PMID- 4073891
TI  - The effects of exercise on the health, intelligence, and adaptive behavior of
      institutionalized severely and profoundly mentally retarded adults: a systematic
      replication.
AB  - Institutionalized severely and profoundly mentally retarded adults participated
      in a 7-month program of rigorous aerobic-type exercises. The effects of the
      treatment on the physical fitness, intelligence, and behavior of subjects were
      assessed. Fifty men and women were matched in pairs based on IQ, CA, and sex and
      assigned randomly to an experimental (E) or control (C) group. Those in the E
      group met 3 hours per day, 5 days per week and received a treatment that
      consisted of an exercise program that included jogging, running, dance-aerobics,
      and circuit training. The C group continued their normal institutional training
      programs. The treatment produced significant improvement in the cardiovascular
      efficiency of subjects; however, no changes in intelligence or adaptive behavior
      were obtained. Although standardized tests reflected little improvement in
      psychological or behavioral variables due to treatment, subjective reports
      suggest that exercise training may serve as a more practical habilitation program
      for severely and profoundly mentally retarded individuals than those typically
      employed in institutional settings.

PMID- 4073892
TI  - The Lifestyle Satisfaction Scale (LSS): assessing individuals' satisfaction with
      residence, community setting, and associated services.
AB  - Satisfaction of mentally retarded persons with their quality of life is an
      important outcome measure of deinstitutionalization. The Lifestyle Satisfaction
      Scale (LSS) was developed to assess mentally retarded persons' satisfaction with
      their residence and its community setting and associated services. An
      acquiescence subscale makes it possible to correct satisfaction scores for
      acquiescence bias. Empirical data indicate that this experimental version of the
      LSS has internally consistent subscales and good test-retest and interrater
      reliabilities.

PMID- 4073893
TI  - Genetics of ergoline alkaloid formation in Penicillium roquefortii.
AB  - Auxotrophic, spore color, and alkaloid biosynthetic mutants of Penicillium
      roquefortii were selected after N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine treatment.
      Diploids were obtained via protoplast fusion techniques, and the segregants from
      a diploid were genetically analyzed. The data demonstrated the potential of
      parasexual recombination in this organism. Evidence was obtained which suggests
      that the his and sts (sensitivity to Sulfatase) genes may be linked. The genetic
      information obtained in this study can serve as a starting point for further
      mapping of genes in P. roquefortii, and indications are that this organism may
      serve as a promising vehicle for the genetic study of the formation of ergoline
      alkaloids.

PMID- 4073894
TI  - Comparison of gauze swabs and membrane filters for isolation of Campylobacter
      spp. from surface water.
AB  - The epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni indicates that waterborne transmission
      is important; the organism has been isolated from seawater, fresh water, and
      estuarine sites. Membrane filtration, with and without use of an enrichment
      broth, has been the most common method for isolating C. jejuni from water. We
      evaluated two methods for isolating C. jejuni from water: membrane filtration and
      gauze filtration. The membrane filters evaluated included 0.22- and 0.45-micron
      pore Millipore filters (Millipore Corp., Bedford, Mass.), 0.2- and 0.4-micron
      pore Nuclepore filters (Nucleopore Corp., Pleasanton, Calif.), and a 0.45-micron
      pore Zetapor filters (AMF Cuno, Meridian, Conn.). The gauze filters included both
      Moore and Spira swabs. Of the membrane filters evaluated, the 0.45-micron-pore
      Millipore and Zetapor filters were the most sensitive for recovery of C. jejuni
      from seeded waters. The 0.45-micron-pore Millipore filter placed in Oosterom
      broth was better for recovery of C. jejuni from seeded stationary surface waters
      than either the Spira or Moore swab. However, the 0.45-micron-pore Millipore
      filter placed on a plate or in enrichment broth was equivalent to the Spira gauze
      swab when used to examine water from Atlanta area streams. C. jejuni organisms
      were isolated from 9 of 24 surface water samples representing 5 of 12 streams.

PMID- 4073895
TI  - Structures of deepoxytrichothecene metabolites from 3'-hydroxy HT-2 toxin and T-2
      tetraol in rats.
AB  - 3'-Hydroxy HT-2 toxin and T-2 tetraol, in vivo metabolites of T-2 toxin, were
      orally administered to Wistar rats, and four metabolites having a trichothec-9,12
      diene nucleus, which were termed deepoxytrichothecenes, were newly found in the
      excreta. Their structures were confirmed as 3'-hydroxy-deepoxy HT-2, 3'-hydroxy
      deepoxy T-2 triol, 15-acetyl-deepoxy T-2 tetraol, and deepoxy T-2 tetraol on the
      basis of mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Resolution of T-2
      metabolites and corresponding deepoxytrichothecenes by gas-liquid and thin-layer
      chromatography was also described.

PMID- 4073896
TI  - Transport and processing of staphylococcal enterotoxin A.
AB  - A larger-molecular-weight precursor of enterotoxin A was found in membranes of
      Staphylococcus aureus and was shown to be the kinetic precursor to the
      extracellular form of the toxin. Subcellular fractionation revealed that mature
      enterotoxin A was transiently associated with the cell wall before being released
      to the extracellular environment.

PMID- 4073897
TI  - Statistical association of dietary components with Simonsiella species residing
      in normal human mouths.
AB  - Members of the genus Simonsiella, aerobic, multicellular filamentous gliding
      bacteria, were detected in swabbings from the palates of 32% of 212 human
      subjects free of gross oral pathologies. Nutritional evaluations for 142 of the
      subjects showed a significantly greater daily intake among 53 Simonsiella
      carriers for 13 dietary variables, including four fat components, but there was
      no significantly greater daily intake for any of the carbohydrate components.
      Overall, there was a general excess dietary intake by Simonsiella carriers. The
      mean dietary intake of the carriers was numerically greater than that of the
      noncarriers for 70 of 74 dietary variables.

PMID- 4073898
TI  - Direct isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis from
      meat.
AB  - Studies were done to determine the usefulness of dilute alkali (KOH) treatment of
      meat samples for direct isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia
      pseudotuberculosis, without enrichment. Virulent Y. enterocolitica and Y.
      pseudotuberculosis in pork contaminated with 10(2), 10(3), and 10(4) cells per g
      survived the direct KOH treatment and were never recovered by using KOH
      postenrichment treatment. From 6 (4.8%) of 125 samples of retail ground pork,
      four biotype 4 serotype O3 and one biotype 3B serotype O3 strains of Y.
      enterocolitica and one Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype 4b strain were recovered by
      using direct KOH treatment without enrichment. As these isolations were attained
      without using enrichment cultural procedures, they represent an important time
      saving alternative to simplify and speed isolation of Yersinia spp. from meat.

PMID- 4073899
TI  - Serotypes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from hydrobiologically dissimilar
      aquatic environments.
AB  - Serological analysis of the O and K antigens was performed on 324 isolates of
      Vibrio parahaemolyticus obtained from three hydrobiologically dissimilar aquatic
      environments. Only 50.9% of the strains could be serotyped. The largest number of
      untypable strains and the lowest serological diversity were observed from the
      freshwater collection. Three serotypes, O2:K28, O5:K17, and O2:K3, dominated
      among all biotopes. There appears to be some distinction between serotypes of
      environmental and clinical origins.

PMID- 4073901
TI  - Discussion on the initial stages of the differentiation of the gonads. Colloquium
      of the Fondation Hugot du College de France. 28-30 May 1984.

PMID- 4073900
TI  - Chemical transformation of eremofortin C into PR toxin.
AB  - The natural products of both eremofortin C (EC) and PR toxin are secondary
      metabolites of Penicillium roqueforti. Because the chemical structures of EC and
      PR toxin are closely related to each other and differ only by a hydroxyl
      functional group in EC and an aldehyde functional group in PR toxin at the C-12
      position, the chemical transformation of EC into PR toxin was investigated.
      Oxidation with a chromic anhydride-pyridine complex was found to be the most
      satisfactory method.

PMID- 4073902
TI  - Initiation of meiosis in lily and mouse: some molecular considerations.

PMID- 4073903
TI  - Organogenesis and endocrine cytodifferentiation of the testis.

PMID- 4073904
TI  - Control of meiosis. A summary.

PMID- 4073905
TI  - Is the time of meiosis initiation programmed in the germ cells or the ovarian
      stroma? A study in avian chimeras.

PMID- 4073906
TI  - [Observations on the biology of germinal cells of the fetal ovary (rat,
      freemartin cattle)].

PMID- 4073907
TI  - Information on the Y chromosome and sex determination from mutants and other
      variants of sexual development.

PMID- 4073908
TI  - H-Y antigen in nonmammalian vertebrates.

PMID- 4073909
TI  - Initial stages of gonadal development. Theories and methods.

PMID- 4073910
TI  - [Initial stages of the formation of the genital organs in reptiles].

PMID- 4073911
TI  - Mouse germ cells: fertilization to birth.

PMID- 4073912
TI  - Origin of the somatic components in chick embryonic gonads.

PMID- 4073913
TI  - Origin of gonadal blastemal cells in mammalian gonadogenesis.

PMID- 4073914
TI  - [Sertoli cell differentiation and testicular morphogenesis in the rat fetus].

PMID- 4073915
TI  - The initial stages of testicular differentiation in the rabbit fetus.

PMID- 4073916
TI  - Sexual differentiation of the pig gonad.

PMID- 4073917
TI  - [Initial stages of steroidogenesis in mammalian gonads].

PMID- 4073918
TI  - Steroidogenesis and gonadal differentiation in the fetal pig.

PMID- 4073919
TI  - [Precocious hormonal capacities and gonadal differentiation in the quail].

PMID- 4073920
TI  - [The Health and Medical Services Law for the elderly and early cancer detection].
AB  - Anti-cancer measures in Japan were started in the 1950s, and programs for the
      early detection of stomach and cervical cancer supported by the National
      Government were begun in 1966 and 1967, respectively. In 1983 the Health and
      Medical Services Law for the Elderly was enacted, and under this law nationwide
      early detection programs for stomach and cervical cancer have been under taken
      and the number of people screened has been steadily increasing. Accuracy control
      programs for these cancer detection systems are now being established by
      prefectural governments. The examination of programs for the early detection of
      lung cancer and breast cancer will be necessary when suitable methods have been
      established.

PMID- 4073921
TI  - [Mass screening for uterine cancer].
AB  - Begun in the latter half of the sixties, mass screening for uterine cancer
      received a fresh impetus with the implementation in February of 1983 of the
      Health of the Aged Act. Under the latter law, a certain number of problems were
      also encountered, since autonomous municipalities were newly involved. This
      report is a description of the Pap test under the new screening system and
      methods of the uterine cancer mass screening approach or the screening system
      advanced by Japan Society of obstetrics & gynecology, committee on uterine cancer
      screening. It covers the primary screening, the secondary screening and detailed
      screening, their roles and manner in which they are implemented in terms of the
      local situation. Also, the points deserving the greatest care up through the
      detailed screening are presented. The importance in particular of the results of
      the Pap test at the stage of the primary screening, the histological findings,
      and the reliable transaction of the specimens therefrom, are emphasized. For the
      mass screening for uterine cancer to result in lower cancer mortality, it is
      necessary that there be at least 30% of the women aged 30 and over who reside in
      a given district submitting to the mass screening judging from the results
      garnered both at home and abroad. The measures needed to reach this goal are
      introduced. The steps conventionally employed to attain this objective of a
      higher proportion of women being examined, as well as the mass media propaganda,
      have their limits. The role of the committees for supervising administration of
      the screening must be amplified as a concrete means to implement the Health of
      the Aged Act; the role of the municipalities, which support this realization,
      must be stressed, the importance of administration policy in the form of
      periodical examinations, examinations focused on the women of certain ages and
      the plans for testing with due balance in responsibility between mobile and
      stationary facility examinations, must be upgraded. Communications with the local
      medical association and related organizations is also crucial.

PMID- 4073922
TI  - [Basic concept in screening for endometrial carcinoma].
AB  - A basic concept toward the popularization of screening for endometrial carcinoma
      was discussed. Cytology obtained from endometrial cavity is mandatory for such a
      screening method and is more valuable than cytology from the cervix or biopsy
      obtained by endometrial curettage. When utilized in combination with
      hysteroscopy, it will be worthwhile for the detection of early endometrial
      carcinoma with better prognosis. A prospective screening trial was performed on
      7,847 women and both high-risk and low-risk factors were evaluated. From these
      data, the present criteria for starting the screening for endometrial carcinoma
      are introduced to be as follows; "women who complain of any kind of
      metrorrhragia" especially, aged 50 or above, postmenopausal, and nulligravida or
      gravida without pregnancy in recent years. Finally, the future problems of such
      screening were also discussed.

PMID- 4073923
TI  - [Mass survey for gastric cancer].
AB  - Mass survey of the stomach would appear to be at an important stage with the
      implementation of the Health of the Aged Law. In accordance with this situation,
      nationwide totalization, indirect X-ray examination, and the proportion of the
      population receiving mass survey and accurate management vary somewhat at
      present. The recent state of these items are discussed in the present study.

PMID- 4073924
TI  - [Lung cancer screening-its present situation, problems and perspectives].
AB  - Mortality from lung cancer is increasing at the rate of more than 7% annually,
      becoming 31.7 per 100,000 among males in 1983. Out of 3,278 cities, towns and
      villages all over Japan, 21% of them were carrying out mass screening programs
      for lung cancer in 1982, and many other municipalities have followed suit over
      the last few years. Lung cancer screening has spread because of the widespread
      use of mass miniature radiophotography (MMR) for tuberculosis which has been
      adopted for use for lung cancer on the one hand, and because many research
      programs have revealed rather high detection rats with excellent prognosis for
      occult lung cancer using sputum cytology on the other. As screening procedures
      differ from one area to another, evaluation of the various methods of screening
      has been made. Emphasis is laid on the importance of double reading of X-ray
      film, comparisons of X-ray findings with those of previous one, criteria of
      screening for doubtful lung cancer cases, criteria for high-risk groups in sputum
      cytology, and so on. Epidemiological effects of lung cancer screening have not
      yet been confirmed, but so many lung cancer cases have been detected and treated,
      that a realistic approach for the improvement of screening programs was
      discussed.

PMID- 4073925
TI  - [Current problems in mass screening for breast cancer].
AB  - As the trend in the incidences of morbidity and mortality from breast cancer in
      Japan has been going up in recent years, mass screening for breast cancer is
      being undertaken on a nationwide scale. In Tokushima prefecture, 111,571 women
      (49,319 in actual number) were subjected to mass screening with physical
      examination from 1970-1984. In 116 including 26 cases of so-called "interval
      cancer", breast cancer was detected. Those with cancer detected by screening were
      in the earlier stage of the disease as compared to those diagnosed through
      regular medical care at our out-patient clinic during the same period. In the
      breast cancers detected by screening, the classifications of tumor size and lymph
      node involvement were not significantly different among the initial screening
      cases, subsequent screening cases and interval cases. The detection rate was
      0.08% of total examinees, having 0.13% in the initial screening and 0.04% in the
      subsequent screening. The cancer was detectable mostly in patients aged over 60
      and there were few cases in the younger generation. Repeat examinees accounted
      for 55.8% with an annual increase, but the proportion of initial examinees
      remained unchanged. Women in their 30s and 40s accounted for about 64.2% of all
      examinees. The results suggest that procedures such as inspection and palpation
      are useful for early detection of breast cancer among Japanese women. It is
      important to emphasize the following items for further improvement in our
      program, older women should be encouraged to actively participate in the
      screening, and percentage of initial examinees should be increased. Furthermore,
      the current objectives of mass screening for breast cancer are: to determine an
      appropriate screening survey method, to organize an adequate follow-up system for
      women with abnormal findings, and to educate the examinees in breast self
      examination.

PMID- 4073926
TI  - [Cancer screening in Japan--a critique from the epidemiological viewpoint].
AB  - The present status of cancer screening in Japan has been critically reviewed from
      an epidemiological point of view. Cancer screening programs for stomach cancer
      and uterine cervical cancer were introduced in the 1960s on the basis of the
      naive belief of many clinicians that early diagnosis is beneficial: Many studies
      now show that this belief unfounded. Therefore, before the introduction of
      screening programs as a general policy, epidemiological evaluation is essential.
      The general principles involved in evaluation of cancer screening were discussed.
      In contrast to stomach cancer and uterine cervical cancer, cancers of the lung,
      breast and colorectum are increasing in Japan. In the case of lung cancer,
      primary prevention, i.e., smoking control, should be preferred, because lung
      cancer screening has not yet been shown to be effective. In the case of breast
      cancer and colorectal cancer, screening trials should be designed and appropriate
      evaluations should be conducted before their implementation as cancer control
      measures.

PMID- 4073927
TI  - [Effect of ethyl-O-[N-(p-carboxyphenyl) carbamoyl]-mycophenolate against L1210
      leukemia].
AB  - Ethyl-O-[N-(p-carboxyphenyl) carbamoyl]-mycophenolate (CAM), a mycophenolic acid
      (MPA) derivative, has been evaluated in terms of influence of treatment schedule
      and route of administration on antitumor activity in mice bearing L 1210 leukemia
      and cross-resistance to 6-MP was studied. The results obtained were as follows;
      The effect of oral administration of CAM was identical to that of MPA or FT-207.
      Both CAM and MPA were most effective when given on day 1, 5 and 9 following tumor
      inoculation. Intraperitoneal administration with MPA was marginally effective,
      while the activity obtained with intraperitoneal administration of CAM was
      superior to that for oral administration. CAM did not show any cross-resistance
      to 6-MP.

PMID- 4073928
TI  - [The antitumor activity of intraperitoneally- or orally-administered etoposide in
      animals and its administration-schedule dependency].
AB  - The antitumor activity of etoposide against a wide variety of transplantable
      tumors in mice and rats was examined. Etoposide exhibited antitumor activity by
      both i.p. and p.o. administrations but a much larger effect was obtained in the
      former case. In addition, the effective dose of etoposide was much less in i.p.
      administration. In order to further investigate this large difference of
      etoposide effect the level of etoposide in the blood was followed after
      administration of 3H-etoposide via i.p. and p.o. routes. Although the maximum
      levels for both were seen 10 to 20 min after administration, the level in i.p.
      administration was much higher than that in p.o. administration. For instance,
      the level seen for i.p. administration at 8 mg/kg was comparable to that for p.o.
      administration at a much higher dose of 128 mg/kg. The administration schedule
      dependency of etoposide antitumor activity was examined using L1210 leukemia as
      the target tumor. When etoposide was administered alone on day, 1, the effect was
      the smallest obtained in i.p. as well as in p.o. administrations among the
      schedules examined in this study. Under other schedules where etoposide was
      administered i.p. and p.o. once a day for 3, 5 and 9 consecutive days from day 1
      and on every other day, that is, days 1, 3 and 5, higher antitumor effects were
      seen.

PMID- 4073929
TI  - [Antitumor effect in mice of an organic germanium compound (Ge-132) when
      different administration methods are used].
AB  - The antitumor effect of an organic germanium compound, carboxyethylgermanium
      sesquioxide (Ge-132), was examined in mice using two systems: one, the ascitic
      form of Ehrlich carcinoma in DDI mice, and the other, the solid form of Meth-A
      fibrosarcoma in BALB/c mice. In the mice with Ehrlich ascitic tumors, a
      remarkable prolongation in life span was observed after intraperitoneal (i.p.) or
      per oral (p.o.) administration of Ge-132 (300 mg/kg), but not after intravenous
      (i.v.) injection of the same compound. Following i.p. or p.o. administration,
      cytotoxic macrophages (Mo) were induced in the peritoneal cavity after 48 h.
      although this was not the case after i.v. injections. When the in vivo effect of
      these in vitro active Mo was examined after adoptive transfer to mice bearing
      Ehrlich ascitic tumor cells, a significant antitumor effect was noted. In the
      mice bearing solid Meth-A tumors, i.v. injections of Ge-132 (100 mg/kg) were
      found to inhibit tumor growth remarkably, although i.p. and p.o. administrations
      did not have the same result. This inhibitory effect of Ge-132 by i.v.
      administration was explained by the continued augmentation of NK activity in
      peripheral blood, which was followed by the induction of specific killer cells
      appearing in the spleen. When the mice which had recovered from Meth-A tumor
      growth, following i.v. injections of Ge-132, were challenged with the same tumor
      on day 30, all mice were able to tolerate the challenge, but not a challenge of
      RL male 1 tumor cells. These observations may indicate that the differing
      antitumor effects of Ge-132 produced when different administration methods are
      used can be explained by the variation in effector cells induced by such
      different administration routes.

PMID- 4073930
TI  - [Chemo-hyperthermotherapy following thoracic surgery].
AB  - Local radiofrequency hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy was performed on
      patients with thoracic malignancy, who had under gone non-curative resection
      because of disseminated pleural involvement or positive surgical margin, and who
      had metastatic lesions (after curative surgery). In some patients, subjective
      symptoms were decreased or tumor necrosis was proved cytologically. This therapy
      may therefore be useful for patients with thoracic malignancy.

PMID- 4073931
TI  - Is it possible to make a clinical diagnosis of the fragile X syndrome in a boy?
AB  - Clinical observations were made on a series of 156 boys with severe mental
      retardation, before cytogenetic results were known. The clinical features that
      helped to distinguish the 14 boys with the fragile X chromosome from those
      without were: head circumference over the 50th centile, postpubertal testicular
      volume over the 50th centile, and an IQ between 35 and 70. If the above clinical
      features were all present, then the chance of finding the fragile X chromosome
      was 1 in 3.6, whereas the chance of finding this abnormality in any boy with
      severe idiopathic mental retardation, regardless of his clinical features, was 1
      in 9. Two boys with fragile X syndrome did not, however, possess any of the above
      clinical features. Moreover, some of the other retarded boys had clinical
      features of the syndrome, or an X linked pedigree, but lacked the chromosome
      abnormality.

PMID- 4073933
TI  - Steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome is more common in Asians.
AB  - A retrospective study was undertaken to determine the incidence and compare the
      natural history of steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome in Asian, European, and
      Afro-Caribbean children born in the United Kingdom and living in Birmingham.
      Patients were identified from hospital admission records during the years 1979
      83. Baseline population data were obtained from the same area using city birth
      statistics. There were 27 Asian, 13 European, and 2 Afro-Caribbean patients,
      giving annual incidences of 16, 2.6, and 3.1 per 100 000 children. The sixfold
      higher incidence in Asian children remains unexplained; further epidemiological
      studies may throw new light on the aetiology.

PMID- 4073932
TI  - Chlorambucil induced chromosome damage in juvenile chronic arthritis.
AB  - Sister chromatid exchanges, a sensitive measure of chromosome damage, were
      counted in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 23 patients with juvenile chronic
      arthritis receiving long term, low dose chlorambucil treatment. Thirty five
      patients with juvenile chronic arthritis who had not been treated with cytotoxic
      drugs served as controls. All of the treated patients have cells with abnormal
      sister chromatid exchange frequencies. Damage is related to the daily dose and
      may, in part, be determined by the duration of treatment. Sister chromatid
      exchanges from nine patients who had received chlorambucil at some time in the
      past remained high for at least five months after stopping the drug. Long term
      follow up will determine whether sister chromatid exchange analysis can help
      predict those most at risk of drug induced malignancies.

PMID- 4073934
TI  - High incidence of minimal change nephrotic syndrome in Asians.
AB  - Between 1973 and 1982 there was a significantly higher incidence of minimal
      change nephrotic syndrome among Asian compared with non-Asian children in
      Leicestershire. Most Asians in Leicestershire are Gujarati-speaking Hindus, but
      Sikhs and Muslims are also represented; no group of Asians (defined by religion,
      language, or birthplace) was at special risk of developing nephrotic syndrome.
      Nephrotic syndrome was more preponderant in Asian children living within the city
      of Leicester, and there was an unusually low incidence in non-Asian children
      within the city. Both racial and environmental factors may be important in the
      increased susceptibility to minimal change nephrotic syndrome in Asian children.

PMID- 4073935
TI  - Measurement of urinary constituents and output using disposable napkins.
AB  - A procedure for estimating 24 hour urine output in infants using disposable
      nappies has been validated. In addition, it has been shown experimentally that
      the urinary concentrations, and hence 24 hour outputs of a range of constituents
      (sodium, potassium, nitrogen, creatinine, urea, amino acids, and deuterium
      oxide), may be measured accurately using samples of urine obtained from nappies.
      It is concluded that the urine collection procedure described has several major
      advantages over traditional urine bag methods, and has a wide application in
      clinical practice and research.

PMID- 4073936
TI  - Serial measurement of plasma arginine vasopressin in the newborn.
AB  - Plasma arginine vasopressin was measured serially in 11 preterm infants and one
      asphyxiated, term infant. The samples were taken through umbilical arterial
      catheters placed at birth for blood gas measurements because ventilatory support
      was required. Plasma samples of 200 to 300 microliter were taken 4 to 12 hourly
      for up to 100 hours after birth. Plasma arginine vasopressin was measured by a
      cytochemical bioassay. A significant correlation between plasma arginine
      vasopressin and plasma osmolality was found in only two out of six infants. The
      normal 'resting' concentration was between 0.5 and 2 pg/ml. In five infants,
      apparent bursts of arginine vasopressin secretion were seen, and in one
      spontaneously breathing infant with respiratory distress, continuously high
      concentrations (12 to 25 pg/ml) were recorded over the first 100 hours.

PMID- 4073937
TI  - Continuing respiratory problems three and a half years after acute viral
      bronchiolitis.
AB  - We reviewed the clinical progress of 81 children as part of a prospective study
      three and a half years after admission to hospital with acute viral bronchiolitis
      in infancy. Fifty six (69%) reported episodes of lower respiratory symptoms
      continuing over the preceding year, 25 (31%) had symptoms lasting for longer than
      two weeks on two or more occasions, 14 (17%) had symptoms for more than 100 days,
      and six (7%) required readmission to hospital with acute respiratory illness. Two
      years previously, these percentages had been 82%, 36%, 33%, and 13% respectively.
      Forty six (57%) children were said to be improving or to have become
      asymptomatic, but eight (10%) were deteriorating. There was no difference in the
      personal or family history of atopy, nor in the rate of skin test positivity
      between those with and without continuing symptoms, suggesting that atopy does
      not play an important role in the persistence of symptoms. Less than half the
      symptomatic children had received bronchodilator treatment during the preceding
      12 months.

PMID- 4073938
TI  - Pattern of illness in babies discharged from a special care unit.
AB  - Babies discharged from special care are three times as likely to be readmitted to
      hospital with common acute illnesses, and to stay longer than other babies.
      Apnoeic episodes occurred exclusively in those infants who had not received
      special care, and half of all hospital admissions required less than 48 hours
      hospital stay, with no specific medical treatment.

PMID- 4073939
TI  - White matter attenuation and megalencephaly.
AB  - The computed tomogram of a 6 month old girl with familial megalencephaly showed
      widespread attenuation throughout the white matter. She continued to be
      developmentally and neurologically normal. Her scan at age 3 years was normal
      apart from the megalencephaly. A tentative explanation for this unusual series of
      events is offered.

PMID- 4073940
TI  - Small bowel biopsy.
AB  - We describe our technique of small bowel biopsy, which has been used on 190
      occasions over a four year period. In 77%, the examination was completed within
      10 minutes, and fluoroscopy times were less than 10 seconds in 75% of the cases.
      The technique is easily taught, and it has made the examination a minor
      procedure.

PMID- 4073941
TI  - Pressure volume characteristics of the lungs in sudden infant death syndrome.

PMID- 4073942
TI  - Copper and the preterm infant.

PMID- 4073943
TI  - Reproductive, immunologic, and cytogenetic effects of dietary 3,3',4,4'
      tetrachloroazoxybenzene exposure to mice.

PMID- 4073944
TI  - Quantitative gas chromatographic determination of perfluorooctanoic acid as the
      benzyl ester in plasma and urine.

PMID- 4073945
TI  - [The physician and his environment].

PMID- 4073946
TI  - [Proceedings of the German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics. 45th meeting.
      Frankfurt am Main, 18-22 September 1984].

PMID- 4073947
TI  - [Scientific panel: Harmful substances in breast milk].

PMID- 4073948
TI  - [Untimely rupture of fetal membranes].

PMID- 4073949
TI  - [Premature rupture of fetal membranes and fetal oxygenation].

PMID- 4073950
TI  - [Clinical management of premature rupture of fetal membranes to the 35th week].

PMID- 4073951
TI  - [Risk to the newborn infant following premature rupture of fetal membranes].

PMID- 4073952
TI  - [Pregnancy monitoring and labor induction following premature rupture of fetal
      membranes].

PMID- 4073953
TI  - [Intracranial hemorrhage of the newborn infant].

PMID- 4073954
TI  - [Travel, sports and pregnancy].

PMID- 4073955
TI  - [Complications of the efferent urinary tract in gynecologic operations].

PMID- 4073956
TI  - [Psychology of the cancer patient--self-help groups].

PMID- 4073957
TI  - [Current status of gynecologic hormone therapy. Disorders of the transitional
      phases].

PMID- 4073958
TI  - [Current status of gynecologic hormone therapy. Prolactin-induced disorders].

PMID- 4073959
TI  - [Current status of gynecologic hormone therapy. Disorders of early pregnancy].

PMID- 4073960
TI  - [Drug interactions in the use of steroid hormones, especially oral
      contraceptives].

PMID- 4073961
TI  - [Effects of pinealectomy on the prostatic ventral lobule and the seminal vesicles
      coagulating glands of orchiectomized rodents (III)].

PMID- 4073962
TI  - [Microscopic innervation of the prostate. II. The intramural microganglia].

PMID- 4073963
TI  - [Optical and ultrastructural study of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis].

PMID- 4073964
TI  - [The anterior transperitoneal approach in surgery of reno-ureteral lithiasis: our
      experience].

PMID- 4073965
TI  - [Transurethral resection in large non-invasive tumors of the bladder].

PMID- 4073966
TI  - [Fibroepithelial polyp of the ureter associated with transitional cell carcinoma
      of the bladder in a young patient].

PMID- 4073967
TI  - [Cyst of the urogenital sinus. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 4073968
TI  - [Iatrogenic gaseous sequestration. Pathogenesis].

PMID- 4073969
TI  - [Leiomyoma of the female urethra. Diagnostic significance].

PMID- 4073970
TI  - [Renal papilla calculus with a monosodium urate nucleus].

PMID- 4073971
TI  - [Primary health care in the Third World: methodological alternatives and their
      political and economic implications].

PMID- 4073972
TI  - [Risk of malaria infection according to the density and infectivity of
      Anopheles].

PMID- 4073973
TI  - Obstetric vesicovaginal fistulae. Experience with 89 cases.

PMID- 4073974
TI  - [Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, present in mammalian brain tissue, would be
      protected from homologous circulating antibodies].

PMID- 4073975
TI  - Malaria in Africa. Changes in continuity. International colloquium. 14-15
      December 1984, Antwerpen, Belgium.

PMID- 4073976
TI  - [Comparison of malarial endemicity in a rice-growing area and a cotton-growing
      area of the Rusizi Plain, Burundi].

PMID- 4073977
TI  - [The transmission of malaria in a wooded savannah area and a rice-growing area
      around Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)].

PMID- 4073978
TI  - Gametocytogenesis in Plasmodium spp., and observations on the meiotic division.

PMID- 4073979
TI  - [Malaria among the population of Kinshasa: perception of the problem, means of
      action, evaluation].

PMID- 4073980
TI  - Prognosis in acute organ-system failure.
AB  - This prospective study describes the current prognosis of patients in acute Organ
      System Failure (OSF). Objective definitions were developed for five OSFs, and
      then 5677 ICU admissions from 13 hospitals were monitored. The number and
      duration of OSF were linked to outcome at hospital discharge for each of the 2719
      ICU patients (48%) who developed OSF. For all medical and most surgical
      admissions, a single OSF lasting more than 1 day resulted in a mortality rate
      approaching 40%. Among both medical and surgical patients, two OSFs for more than
      1 day increased death rates to 60%. Advanced chronologic age increased both the
      probability of developing OSF and the probability of death once OSF occurred.
      Mortality for 99 patients with three or more OSFs persisting after 3 days was
      98%. The two patients who survived were both young, in prior excellent health,
      and had severe but limited primary diseases. These results emphasize the high
      death rates associated with acute OSF and the rapidity with which mortality
      increases over time. The prognostic estimates provide reference data for
      physicians treating similar patients.

PMID- 4073981
TI  - Can success in the surgical residency be predicted from preresidency evaluation?
AB  - Sixty-two residents entered the general surgical residency over a 10-year period,
      and 42 completed it. When the 20 who were dismissed from the program were
      compared by discriminant analysis to those who completed it successfully, it was
      found that Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA) membership, high class rank, clinical honors,
      and publications predicted success with 89% accuracy. Ten of the 42 who completed
      the program were rated as outstanding, 22 were average and 10 below average. No
      subjective or objective preresidency selection data correlated with later chief
      resident performance.

PMID- 4073982
TI  - Diagnosing breast cancer using frozen sections from Tru-cut needle biopsies. Six
      year experience with 162 biopsies, with emphasis on outpatient diagnosis of
      breast carcinoma.
AB  - Experience in a 6-year period with 162 frozen sections from needle biopsies of
      the breast is reported. The technique was used mainly to diagnose breast cancer
      in outpatients. The results of frozen section on needle biopsies are compared
      with frozen sections of excisional biopsies. The sensitivity of detection in
      breasts containing carcinoma using frozen section of breast needle biopsies was
      77%. The sensitivity of detection of carcinoma in needle biopsies subsequently
      shown to contain carcinoma by paraffin section was 92.8%. The specificity of
      frozen sections of breast needle biopsies was 86.4% and was devoid of false
      positive results. Interpretation of frozen sections of needle biopsies of breast
      lesions is reliable when performed by experienced surgeons and handled and
      interpreted by experienced pathologists.

PMID- 4073983
TI  - Manometric diagnosis of sphincter of Oddi spasm as a cause of postcholecystectomy
      pain and the treatment by endoscopic sphincterotomy.
AB  - Seventeen patients with postcholecystectomy pain and nine controls were studied
      by nonoperative biliary manometry with stimulation of sphincter of Oddi spasm by
      morphine. The controls remained asymptomatic despite an elevation of bile duct
      pressure after morphine. In 13 patients with postcholecystectomy pain, morphine
      induced pain paralleling a pressure rise. Three other patients had pain not
      paralleling a pressure change, and another showed a pressure rise without pain.
      None of the controls, four with the parallel pain-pressure change, and one with
      the discordant pain-pressure correlation were positive at the traditional
      morphine-Prostigmin test. Endoscopic sphincterotomy provided complete (8),
      moderate (3), or slight (1) relief of pain to 12 patients with the parallel pain
      pressure relationship. Postsphincterotomy manometry showed disappearance of both
      the pressure elevation and pain induction, and the morphine-Prostigmin test
      turned negative. It is concluded that morphine-induced bile duct pressure
      elevation coinciding with pain is diagnostic of sphincter spasm as a cause of
      postcholecystectomy pain, the morphine-Prostigmin test, although helpful, is less
      specific and less sensitive in diagnosing sphincter spasm than the manometry, and
      endoscopic sphincterotomy relieves the pain due to this condition in most cases.

PMID- 4073984
TI  - Timing of surgical drainage for pancreatic pseudocyst. Clinical and chemical
      criteria.
AB  - Traditional concepts of managing pancreatic pseudocysts have changed with the
      advent of computerized tomography (CT) and ultrasound scanning, but new
      misconceptions related to spontaneous resolution have replaced some old ones.
      This report shows a difference in natural history and treatment requirements when
      pseudocysts are associated with acute versus chronic pancreatitis. There were 42
      consecutive patients with pseudocysts treated over 5 years. Thirty-one were known
      alcoholics, two had gallstone pancreatitis, and nine had idiopathic pancreatitis.
      An attack of acute pancreatitis was identifiable within 2 months preceding in 22
      patients, but there were only chronic symptoms in 20. Spontaneous resolution of
      the pseudocyst occurred in three patients (7%), all of whom had recent acute
      idiopathic pancreatitis, normal serum amylase levels, and pancreatograms showing
      normal pancreatic ducts freely communicating with the pseudocyst. Factors
      associated with failure to resolve included known chronic pancreatitis,
      pancreatic duct changes of chronic pancreatitis, persistence greater than 6
      weeks, and thick walls (when seen) on scan. Nearly all (18/19) patients with
      known chronic pancreatitis had successful internal drainage of the pseudocysts
      immediately upon admission, whereas 6/20 patients with antecedent acute
      pancreatitis were found to require external drainage at the time surgery was
      eventually elected. Isoamylase analysis, performed on serum from 19 patients by
      means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, detected the abnormal pancreatic
      isoamylase pattern described as "old amylase" in 15. When old amylase was present
      in the serum, internal drainage was always possible (14/14). In four of five
      patients whose serum contained no detectable old amylase, internal drainage was
      not possible regardless of the length of prior observation. There were four
      nonfatal complications arising from an acute pseudocyst during the wait for
      maturity. It is concluded that prolonged waiting is expensive and unnecessary for
      pseudocysts in chronic pancreatitis when there has been no recent acute attack.
      However, pseudocysts developing after identifiable acute pancreatitis should be
      observed in the safety of a hospital for up to 6 weeks to allow for either
      spontaneous resolution or maturation of the cyst wall. The appearance of old
      amylase in the serum suggests that the pseudocyst wall has achieved sufficient
      maturity to allow safe internal anastomosis.

PMID- 4073985
TI  - Prognostic factors in survival after portasystemic shunts. Multivariate analysis.
AB  - Multivariate analyses correlated short-term survival and long-term survival with
      clinical data from 141 patients with portasystemic shunts for bleeding esophageal
      varices over the 8 years from 1974 through 1981. By logistic regression analysis,
      the elements with independent prognostic significance for operative death were an
      emergency operation, serum albumin and bilirubin levels, age, and sex. A cutpoint
      probability value of 0.75 marked the single level above which 84% of patients
      could be expected to survive, but below which 77% are likely to die. By a Cox
      regression model, elements with independent prognostic significance were
      identical. Male sex (p = 0.02) and prolonged partial thromboplastin time (p =
      0.04) indicated a poor prognosis after an emergency operation; after an elective
      operation only the serum albumin level was prognostic (p = 0.02). Normal blood
      clotting is the major determinant of survival after an emergency shunt, and the
      serum albumin level chiefly determines survival after elective portasystemic
      decompression.

PMID- 4073986
TI  - Ileal "J" pouch-anal anastomosis. Clinical outcome.
AB  - One hundred eighty-eight patients undergoing abdominal colectomy with distal
      mucosal proctectomy and endorectal ileal pouch-anal anastomosis were reviewed to
      assess long-term functional results and to identify factors that might influence
      them. There was no postoperative mortality, but 10 patients (5.3%) required
      permanent ileostomy because of postoperative complications or the development of
      unsuspected Crohn's disease. Immediate postoperative complications, including
      pelvic sepsis, small bowel obstruction requiring surgery, anastomotic stricture,
      and ileostomy dysfunction, were observed in 11%, 9%, 14% and 9% of patients,
      respectively. No males were impotent but nine (9%) developed retrograde
      ejaculation. Pouchitis occurred in 8% of patients. Among 157 patients assessed at
      least 60 days after ileostomy closure (mean +/- SD, 375 +/- 216 days), all
      evacuated their neorectum spontaneously, and stool frequency was 6.0 +/- 2.6
      daily and 1.2 +/- 1.3 nightly. While continence was generally good, 2.5% of
      patients during waking hours and 4.5% during sleep had occasional frank soilage.
      Moreover, seepage was noted in 25 and 47% of patients during daytime and
      nighttime, respectively. Both stool frequency and degree of continence improved
      with time. Patients less than 50 years of age and those with polyposis coli had
      fewer stools and better continence than those older than 50 or those with
      ulcerative colitis. It is concluded that ileal "J" pouch-anal anastomosis can be
      performed safely and will provide acceptable anorectal function without late
      deterioration.

PMID- 4073987
TI  - Should flow cytometric DNA analysis precede definitive surgery for colon
      carcinoma?
AB  - Conventional prognostic parameters for colon carcinoma are predominantly
      determined after resection and have limited predictive value. For an evaluation
      of the significance of flow cytometric (FCM) DNA analysis in colon carcinoma, 56
      invasive colon carcinomas were prospectively studied to compare DNA ploidy with
      established prognostic parameters obtained from pathologic examination of
      resected specimens. Objective parameters, i.e., depth of invasion and node
      status, were strongly linked to DNA ploidy; diploid tumors tended to be Astler
      Coller stage A or B and nondiploid tumors stage C or D. Diploid and nondiploid
      tumors did not differ according to subjective criteria such as histologic grade
      and microscopic invasion of vessels and nerves. These results suggest that FCM
      DNA analysis may be a valuable tool in managing patients with colon carcinoma,
      since analysis of biopsies could indicate the likelihood of tumor spread before
      surgery.

PMID- 4073988
TI  - Improved management of the perineal wound after proctectomy.
AB  - In an effort to avoid the failures of perineal wound healing that are common
      after proctectomy, 57 patients who had abdominoperineal resection of the rectum
      or total proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis (35 patients), Crohn's colitis
      (12), or carcinoma (10) had primary closure of the levator muscles and perineal
      tissues. No attempt was made to approximate the pelvic peritoneum. The small
      bowel was allowed to fill the pelvic space, which was also drained by suction
      catheters brought out through the lower abdominal wall. The skin and subcutaneous
      tissues were allowed to heal by secondary intention in seven patients who had
      excessive preoperative perineal sepsis from fistulas, deep fissures, and
      abscesses. All seven wounds healed within 2 months. Of the other 50 patients,
      whose wounds were closed to the skin, 48 were discharged with completely healed
      perineal wounds. Two patients had sterile pelvic hematomas that drained through
      the perineum and delayed wound healing 1 month and 2 months. There were no
      postoperative perineal, pelvic, or intraabdominal abscesses. Immediate
      postoperative ambulation was allowed. There was no increased short-term or long
      term incidence of small bowel obstruction related to this procedure, nor did
      perineal hernia occur after long-term observation (mean: 5.3 years). This method
      of accomplishing perineal wound healing is simpler, safer, more comfortable, and
      remarkably effective in eliminating the prolonged morbidity of an unhealed
      perineal wound. It is superior to any other reported method of managing the
      perineal wound in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and may be applicable
      to the treatment of cancer without compromising the chances for cure.

PMID- 4073989
TI  - The role of C5 in septic lung injury.
AB  - One proposed mechanism for the pathogenesis of lung injury in septic animals is
      the stimulation by C5a of granulocytes to produce and release toxic oxygen
      radicals that damage cellular membranes in pulmonary capillaries. The authors
      have investigated the possible role of C5 in septic lung injury, utilizing C5
      sufficient and C5-deficient twin mice strains. In this lethal sepsis model, mean
      survival time is increased in C5-deficient mice in comparison to the survival of
      their C5-sufficient twins. Morphometric results demonstrate a significant
      increase in intracapillary granulocrit and air-blood barrier thickness 24 hours
      after cecal ligation and puncture in C5-sufficient septic mice. Similarly, mean
      arterial pO2 is significantly decreased in the C5-sufficient animals.
      Intracapillary granulocrit, air-blood barrier thickness, and arterial pO2 are
      normal in the septic C5-deficient twins of these animals. These data support the
      hypothesis that C5 is involved in the pathogenesis of septic lung injury.

PMID- 4073990
TI  - Recurrent inguinal hernia.
AB  - An analysis of 584 operations for recurrent inguinal hernia was made in an
      attempt to determine the cause of the recurrence based on the anatomic findings.
      The recurrence was indirect in 300, direct in 241, and various other in 43
      operations. The causes of the indirect recurrences appeared to be an unrecognized
      hernia, incomplete dissection or improper ligation of the sac, failure to narrow
      the cord, or inadequate reconstruction of the internal ring. No cause for the
      diffuse direct recurrences was apparent. Of the 241 hernias in Hesselbach's
      triangle, 144 were small localized defects, usually (112) just lateral to the
      symphysis. These were considered to be caused by the cutting action of a suture
      placed under tension. On the basis of these findings, suggestions are made for
      primary inguinal hernia operations.

PMID- 4073991
TI  - Use of computerized cerebral tomography in selection of patients for elective and
      urgent carotid endarterectomy.
AB  - The charts of 181 patients who underwent computerized cerebral tomography (CCT)
      prior to carotid endarterectomy were reviewed. Findings on cerebral tomography
      were correlated with clinical presentation, frequency of intraoperative changes
      in the electroencephalogram (EEG), and occurrence of postoperative neurologic
      deficits. In the elective group (154 patients), while there was a significant (p
      less than 0.001) increase of positive ipsilateral CCT findings in stroke
      patients, 36% of patients with clinical stroke had a negative CCT scan and 21% of
      patients who were clinically asymptomatic had a positive CCT scan. Results of CCT
      did not correlate with the incidence of EEG changes (p greater than 0.2) or
      postoperative stroke rate (3.2%) (p greater than 0.5). Results of urgent carotid
      endarterectomy were directly related to the findings on preoperative CCT scan. A
      negative CCT scan was associated with clinical improvement in 88% of patients,
      one case of neurologic deterioration (5.8%) and no mortality (p less than 0.05).
      Only 50% of patients operated on acutely with a positive CCT scan showed
      neurologic improvement while there was a 40% increase in neurologic morbidity and
      10% mortality in this group (p less than 0.01). CCT plays a limited role in the
      preoperative evaluation of patients with clear-cut clinical evidence of thrombo
      embolic stroke or transient cerebral ischemia. Findings on CCT scan were of no
      help prognostically in selecting patients for elective carotid endarterectomy. In
      contrast, CCT scans have been extremely helpful in planning therapy for patients
      with acute neurologic problems and evidence of significant extracranial vascular
      disease.

PMID- 4073992
TI  - Splenic injury sustained from blunt abdominal trauma.

PMID- 4073993
TI  - Is routine postoperative nasogastric decompression really necessary?

PMID- 4073994
TI  - Amine production by Leishmania mexicana.
AB  - Growing promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana mexicana excreted large amounts of
      urea and ammonia into the culture medium. Both promastigotes and amastigotes in
      short-term, high-density cultures also produced urea and ammonia; the excretion
      rate was higher in promastigotes. Putrescine was excreted by growing
      promastigotes but spermine and spermidine excretion apparently did not occur.
      Both promastigote and amastigote cell extracts contained putrescine and
      spermidine. Both polyamines, but especially putrescine, were present at higher
      concentrations in promastigotes than amastigotes. Trace amounts of spermine were
      found in the promastigote extracts but none was detected in the amastigotes.

PMID- 4073995
TI  - Serodiagnosis of human hydatid disease in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
AB  - The Indirect Haemagglutination (IHA) test was used routinely for the diagnosis of
      hydatid disease in patients at the King Abdul Aziz and King Khalid University
      Hospitals, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Among 52 patients with suspected human hydatid
      disease, 30 positive cases were detected by means of serodiagnosis. As a control
      group, the level of hydatid IHA antibodies were determined in blood donors and in
      patients with no history of human hydatid disease. The serological results
      obtained in this control group showed that 70% had no hydatid IHA antibodies
      whereas 25% had antibody titres of 1:4 to 1:8, which are of no clinical
      significance.

PMID- 4073996
TI  - Patterns of hepatomegaly in Jordanians: a prospective study of 800 cases.
AB  - Eight hundred Jordanians with liver enlargement were studied: 369 (46%) were
      males and 431 (54%) females. Ages ranged between 13 and 85 years, with a mean of
      47.4%: 766 cases demonstrated a single pathological process while 34 cases showed
      two or more processes. The most significant findings were: congestion secondary
      to cardiac failure in 323 cases (38.5%); inflammatory and parasitic processes in
      192 cases (22.9%), including acute hepatitis (81 cases), hydatid cyst (63 cases),
      chronic hepatitis (27 cases), liver abscess (19 cases), brucellosis (one case)
      and malaria (one case); malignancy in 164 cases (19.6%); liver cirrhosis in 80
      cases (9.5%); fatty metamorphosis in 47 cases (5.6%); metabolic and genetic
      disease in 11 cases (1.3%); miscellaneous conditions in nine cases (1.1%); and 15
      apparently normal individuals (1.8%). Cardiac failure was the most frequent cause
      of hepatomegaly in this sample of Jordanians. Inflammatory processes were the
      second major cause, followed by malignancy and cirrhosis of the liver.

PMID- 4073998
TI  - Shape of Enterobius vermicularis ova.

PMID- 4073997
TI  - Observations on age-grouping the tsetse fly, Glossina pallidipes, by wing-fray
      and ovarian dissection, on the south Kenya coast.
AB  - Female Glossina pallidipes from biconical trap collections at five localities on
      the south Kenya coast were age-grouped by wing-fray and ovarian condition, and
      their trypanosome infection rates determined. From simultaneous application of
      the two age-grouping methods to 991 female tsetse, 17 reproductive age-categories
      were recognized. Separation into these categories was supported by a highly
      significant correlation between estimated age and proportion of tsetse uninfected
      by trypanosomes. Limitations of current age-grouping methods for tsetse are
      discussed.

PMID- 4073999
TI  - Multivariate discrimination between Lutzomyia wellcomei, a vector of
      mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, and Lu. complexus (Diptera: Phlebotominae).

PMID- 4074000
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of filamentous organisms associated with coccidial
      infections in cats and sheep.

PMID- 4074001
TI  - Current concepts in the management of postoperative chylothorax.
AB  - Thirteen patients required pleural drainage for postoperative chylothorax with an
      average duration of leakage of 36.9 days. Total protein and albumin levels, body
      weight, and peripheral lymphocyte counts all decreased substantially during the
      period of chylous leakage. Only 3 chylothoraces resolved with tube drainage and
      dietary management alone. Six patients required eight operations for control of
      chylothorax, and 4 patients, all of whom had cancer, died with a persistent leak.
      chylothorax is a debilitating postoperative complication resulting in an impaired
      immune system and nutritional state. Because it is associated with a 50%
      mortality in patients with cancer, early reoperation should be considered.
      Patients with benign underlying disease can be managed conservatively for longer
      periods. Control of potential chylous leaks at the time of original operation is
      vital, especially in patients with malignancies who have a predisposition toward
      leakage from sites other than the main thoracic duct.

PMID- 4074002
TI  - Management of airway trauma. I: Tracheobronchial injuries.
AB  - One hundred six consecutive patients with injuries to the tracheobronchial tree
      who were admitted to the emergency room of the Tulane Medical Center Hospital or
      the Charity Hospital of Louisiana at New Orleans over a period of almost 20 years
      were analyzed retrospectively. Penetrating trauma of the neck or chest was
      reported in 100 of the patients, and only 6 had blunt trauma to the neck or
      thorax as the cause of injury. There were 18 deaths among the 106 patients
      (16.98%), including 11 (13.75%) of 80 with injuries of the cervical trachea.
      Seven (53.8%) of 13 with principal injuries of the thoracic trachea died; all 13
      patients with major bronchial injuries survived. On admission to the emergency
      room, all patients had signs of airway compromise such as tachypnea, dyspnea,
      cyanosis, subcutaneous emphysema, or an abnormal respiratory pattern. Severe
      airway compromise was evident in 46 patients; 24 (23%) were treated with oral or
      nasal intubation, 19 (18%) with emergency tracheostomy, and 3 (2%) with
      intubation of a tracheal injury. Hemoptysis was an unreliable signal of serious
      injury, being present in only 28 of the patients. Patients who had major vascular
      injuries combined with trachea involvement were generally not salvageable. In
      regard to morbidity and mortality, the most common preventable errors were delay
      in diagnosis and treatment of tracheobronchial injuries, missed esophageal
      injuries, massive aspiration of blood, and abdominal vascular injuries.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4074003
TI  - Role of mediastinoscopy in pretreatment staging of patients with primary lung
      cancer.
AB  - Since the introduction of mediastinoscopy, there has been a great deal of
      discussion regarding indications for this technique and the significance of
      positive findings. We undertook this study to determine the role of clinical
      staging and the value of routine mediastinoscopy in the treatment selection of
      patients with primary lung cancer. From 1975 to 1983, 1,259 consecutive patients
      with proven and operable lung cancer underwent preresection mediastinoscopy.
      Nodes were sampled at three levels, and findings were recorded by location,
      invasiveness, and histology. There were no operative deaths, but 3 patients had a
      major complication. Mediastinoscopy was positive in 339 (27%) patients and
      negative in 920 (73%). In the group with positive findings, 303 patients had no
      operation because a curative resection was not possible (extranodal metastases,
      180; location, 76; histology, 47). No patient survived 5 years, and only 4%
      survived 2 years. Of the 36 patients considered to have operable disease, 28
      underwent resection with a projected 5-year survival of 18%. In the group with
      negative findings, 89% had a curative resection with a hospital mortality of 3.2%
      and 5-year survival of 53%. When results of mediastinoscopy were correlated with
      findings at thoracotomy, the sensitivity of the test was 93% on nodes in the
      superior mediastinum and the specificity, 100%. This study shows that
      mediastinoscopy is safe and is an accurate indicator of the presence or absence
      of tumor in superior mediastinal nodes. If positive nodes are found, a curative
      resection is generally not possible, thoracotomy is avoided, and the overall
      survival is low.

PMID- 4074005
TI  - Enhanced functional recovery with venting during cardioplegic arrest in
      chronically damaged hearts.
AB  - Thirty dogs with experimental myocardial infarction underwent cardiopulmonary
      bypass, hypothermic asanguineous K+ cardioplegia (1 hour), and reperfusion (30
      minutes). Ten hearts were vented throughout, 5 only during arrest, and 5 only
      during reperfusion; 10 were not vented. Left ventricular (LV) performance and
      compliance were assessed by isovolumic (LV balloon) indexes before bypass and
      after reperfusion. Vented hearts recovered 116 +/- 8.3% of prearrest developed LV
      systolic pressure (DLVSP) and 131 +/- 13.6% of prearrest rate of rise of LV
      pressure (dP/dt). Nonvented hearts allowed to develop pressure during arrest
      (11.6 +/- 1.6 mm Hg) and reperfusion (65 +/- 4 mm Hg) recovered 50 +/- 3.9% of
      prearrest DLVSP and 55 +/- 5% of prearrest dP/dt (p less than 0.05). Reduction in
      LV compliance was comparable in both groups. Mitochondrial architecture (electron
      microscopy) was preserved in vented hearts, but was modestly disrupted in
      nonvented hearts, thus suggesting slight metabolic impairment. Functional
      recovery was nearly complete in hearts vented only during reperfusion (DLVSP, 94
      +/- 10.4%; dP/dt, 89 +/- 12.6%), but venting only during arrest led to functional
      depression (DLVSP, 50 +/- 6.6%; dP/dt, 51 +/- 8%; p = 0.01). We conclude that
      venting chronically infarcted hearts during cardiac operations affords better
      myocardial protection by avoiding the damage that occurs during nonvented
      reperfusion.

PMID- 4074004
TI  - Evaluation of noninvasive tests for the preoperative staging of carcinoma of the
      esophagus: a prospective study.
AB  - A prospective study was undertaken to define the usefulness of conventional full
      lung linear tomography, radionuclide liver plus spleen and bone scans, and
      thoracic and abdominal computed tomography for the preoperative staging of
      carcinoma of the esophagus. Thirty-three patients with carcinoma of the esophagus
      were studied. The computed tomographic (CT) scan of the thorax and upper abdomen
      was the single most accurate noninvasive study. With computed tomography, the
      relationship of the tumor to the tracheobronchial tree was the feature most
      useful in predicting local resectability. In all patients with the finding of
      tracheobronchial compression by the tumor, the tumor could not be resected
      completely. The predictive value of this CT finding in patients with locally
      unresectable tumor was high (0.83), indicating its usefulness in assessing
      unresectability. The CT finding of visible separation between tumor mass and
      tracheobronchial tree was present in 10 of 14 patients with locally resectable
      tumor (predictive value, 0.63). However, tumor abutting the tracheobronchial tree
      without compression was a poor predictor of unresectability (predictive value,
      0.36). The radionuclide bone scan was the only other noninvasive study to
      demonstrate a metastasis not evident by CT scan. The combination of chest and
      abdominal CT scan, bone scan, and bronchoscopy before operation will accurately
      stage the majority of patients with esophageal cancer but no noninvasive test is
      of sufficient reliability to exclude patients from operative resection if
      otherwise indicated.

PMID- 4074006
TI  - Thoracic aorta-femoral artery bypass: indications, technique, and late results.
AB  - Retroperitoneal descending thoracic aorta-femoral artery bypass was performed in
      18 patients over an 11-year period. The reconstruction was carried to both
      femoral arteries in 12 patients; in the other 6, only a single femoral artery was
      revascularized. The operative indication in Group 1 (3 patients) was infection of
      a previous aortoiliac reconstruction; in Group 2 (12 patients), occlusion of a
      previous aortoiliac reconstruction; and in Group 3 (3 patients), aortoiliac
      occlusive disease in which a direct transabdominal procedure was considered
      hazardous. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 9 years (mean, 40 months).
      Cumulative patency rate was 96 +/- 3.9% at 1 year and 85 +/- 8.1% at 5 years. No
      alterations of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen values were recorded
      seven days and 6 months after operation. Retroperitoneal thoracic aorta-femoral
      artery bypass is a useful technique for accomplishing lower limb
      revascularization in patients in whom exposure or availability of the abdominal
      aorta poses a specific hazard.

PMID- 4074007
TI  - Management of large aortopulmonary collateral arteries in patients with
      ventricular septal defect and pulmonary atresia: simultaneous ligation through
      median sternotomy during intracardiac repair.
AB  - Nine consecutive patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and pulmonary
      atresia associated with large aortopulmonary collateral arteries underwent
      primary repair with simultaneous ligation of these collateral arteries. The
      patients ranged from 1 year to 20 years old (average, 8.0 years). The average
      number of large aortopulmonary collateral arteries was 1.9 per patient.
      Arborization abnormality was found in 5 patients. The aortopulmonary collateral
      arteries were reached solely through a median sternotomy, with dissection of the
      posterior pericardium or anterior mediastinal pleura before or after the
      initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass. The immediate postoperative peak pressure
      ratio between the right and left ventricles was higher in patients with an
      arborization abnormality, but all ratios ranged from 0.60 to 0.87. There was 1
      operative death. Postoperative transcatheter embolization for a residual large
      aortopulmonary collateral artery was required in 1 patient and pulmonary
      infarction of mild degree developed with spontaneous recovery in another. These
      results indicate the usefulness and safety of simultaneous ligation of large
      aortopulmonary collateral arteries through median sternotomy, even with an
      associated arborization abnormality.

PMID- 4074008
TI  - A histological study of surgical landmarks for the specialized atrioventricular
      conduction system, with particular reference to the papillary muscle.
AB  - Surgical landmarks of the conduction system were histologically evaluated in 29
      cardiac specimens. The distribution of the system was grossly inherent to the
      type of ventricular septal defect as classified by Soto and coworkers, although
      it varied individually. The relationship of the right bundle branch (RBB) to the
      papillary muscles was of surgical interest. In defects unrelated to
      maldevelopment of the septum of the conus, the RBB passed beneath or slightly
      anterior to upper accessory papillary muscles (AcPMs) and posterior to the medial
      papillary muscle (MPM), regardless of the subtype of defect. In defects caused by
      maldevelopment, such as tetralogy of Fallot, it passed anterior to the MPM. Such
      data support the hypothesis that the RBB descends beneath or anterior to
      embryological upper AcPMs, whatever the morphological role may be, because of the
      supposedly independent developmental origin of the MPM and AcPMs. The
      relationship between the RBB and upper AcPMs appeared further modified by the
      attitude of the trabecula septomarginalis. Our improved clinical results have
      demonstrated that such information offers a gross but practical guide for
      prevention of conduction disturbances.

PMID- 4074009
TI  - Cyanosis in atrial septal defect due to persistent eustachian valve.
AB  - Two cyanotic patients had venoarterial shunting from the inferior vena cava to
      the left atrium in an uncomplicated atrial septal defect with normal right
      ventricular pressures. Cyanosis was due to a large, anomalous inferior vena caval
      valve, the eustachian valve. The mechanism of cyanosis and technical problems for
      surgical repair are discussed.

PMID- 4074010
TI  - Management of the infected pacemaker: explantation, sterilization, and
      reimplantation.
AB  - From January, 1970, through December, 1984, nineteen infected or eroded pacemaker
      units were reimplanted in 17 patients. Characteristics of the patients, types of
      infecting organisms, surgical management, and complications are described.
      Optimal treatment of the infected generator pocket requires explantation of the
      generator unit with utilization of the in situ leads for pacing by an external
      demand pacemaker unit. The generator unit is sterilized, and new leads are placed
      with relocation of the pocket. The old leads are then removed. This technique has
      been used safely and with excellent results for the past fourteen years.

PMID- 4074011
TI  - Ductus arteriosus aneurysm in infancy.
AB  - An infant with symptoms of congestive heart failure at 6 months of age was found
      by cardiac catheterization at the age of 1 year to have a fusiform aneurysm of
      the ductus arteriosus as well as discrete stenosis of the left pulmonary artery
      and a secundum atrial septal defect. The aneurysm was resected, and a pericardial
      patch angioplasty corrected the peripheral pulmonary stenosis. The atrial septal
      defect was closed in a separate procedure. To our knowledge, this case is one of
      four ductal aneurysms reported in infants that have been diagnosed before
      operation and successfully treated. The pathophysiology and literature are
      reviewed.

PMID- 4074012
TI  - Long-term survival with the right lower lobe as the only lung tissue.
AB  - The case of a patient who underwent left pneumonectomy at 23 years of age is
      described. When he was 54 years old, he required resection of the right upper and
      middle lobes. He survived and lived an active life for more than three years with
      the right lower lobe as his only lung tissue.

PMID- 4074013
TI  - The uses of two-dimensional Doppler echocardiographic techniques preoperatively
      and postoperatively in a ventricular septal defect caused by penetrating trauma.
AB  - Doppler echocardiography was used to determine the site and size of a ventricular
      septal defect in a patient with a penetrating wound of the heart. Additional
      physiological measurements by Doppler study, including pulmonary artery pressure
      and degree of left-to-right shunting, were helpful in deciding on surgical
      closure of the defect as the definitive therapy in this patient. Associated
      intracardiac defects (e.g., mitral or tricuspid regurgitation) can be excluded by
      Doppler echocardiography.

PMID- 4074014
TI  - Testing of mitral valve competence following combined mitral valve repair and
      aortic valve replacement.
AB  - A simple, effective technique for testing the results of repair and
      reconstructive procedures on the mitral valve apparatus is described. This
      technique can be used in the operative setting of combined aortic valve
      replacement and mitral valve repair where other reported techniques for testing
      the valve apparatus are rendered unfeasible.

PMID- 4074015
TI  - Pericardial meshing: a new technique to facilitate primary tension-free
      pericardial closure.
AB  - A method is described to facilitate pericardial approximation at the conclusion
      of open-heart surgical procedures. Before sternal closure, the anterior
      pericardium is meshed by multiple longitudinal incisions until tension-free
      closure is possible. The technique was developed by animal experimentation and is
      now being performed in patients. It has proven to be simple, safe, and effective.

PMID- 4074016
TI  - Lung-sparing operations in elderly patients.

PMID- 4074017
TI  - Bronchogenic carcinoma in the elderly.

PMID- 4074018
TI  - Pulsatile flow.

PMID- 4074019
TI  - The effect of age on glucose and energy metabolism in brain cortex of rats.
AB  - It is well documented that the mature human brain oxidizes only glucose to obtain
      energy under physiological, nonstarved conditions. Through adulthood to the
      beginning of senescence, the balance between oxygen and glucose consumption of
      the brain was found to be unchanged as the basis for energy production. Beyond
      the age of 70 yr, however, cerebral glucose consumption appears to decrease. In
      the present study, the effect of advancing age on glucose and energy metabolism
      in brain cortex of rats was investigated. The study was carried out in male
      Wistar rats, 6 (young adult), 12 (adult), 24 and 30 (both aged) mth of age. Male
      Wistar rats may be designated as being 'aged' from 24 mth of life onwards.
      Intermediates of glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and energy-rich compounds
      were measured by means of sensitive standard enzymatic methods under steady-state
      conditions of arterial normotension, normoxemia, normocapnia and normothermia in
      anesthesia with 0.5 vol% halothane and nitrous oxide/oxygen 70:30. The 12-mth-old
      adult rats served as controls. The glucose concentration in brain cortex was
      found to be about 1.5 times higher in 6-mth-old than in 12-mth-old animals but
      did not differ in the 12-, 24-, and 30-mth-old rats. Besides glucose, fructose
      1,6-phosphate and ATP decreased from young adult to adult rats while pyruvate,
      malate and creatine phosphate diminish with advancing age. A tendency to
      reduction with aging was also evident in glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-1, 6
      diphosphate, and lactate. The fall in substrate concentrations may be attributed
      to the reduced activity of enzymes acting in glucose breakdown. It is concluded
      that glucose and energy metabolism may diminish with the process of normal aging,
      but that the reduction is of only moderate extent.

PMID- 4074020
TI  - The mortality of centenarians in England and Wales.
AB  - Vital statistics data previously published by the Registrar General of England
      and Wales have been separated into male and female deaths in 1960-69 aged 100,
      1961-70 aged 101, 1962-71 aged 102 etc., to represent cohorts of 292 male and
      1463 female centenarians born in 1859-1869. Mortality is fitted to age by the
      method of maximum likelihood. Estimated male mortality declines after age 103 and
      falls below that of females (who show no decline) at age 105. The cause of this
      non-Gompertzian tapering off in mortality is found to be selection due to
      variability in the males, which is more than sufficient to offset the biological
      effects of aging that nevertheless occur in each individual. Selection causes a
      reduction of 0.01 per year of age in mean male centenarian mortality rates in
      England and Wales.

PMID- 4074021
TI  - Morphometric investigation of nerve cells, neuropil and senile plaques in senile
      dementia of the Alzheimer type.
AB  - Eight brains from patients with a mean age of 82 years showing clinical and
      neuropathological manifestations of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT)
      and 6 control brains from individuals with a mean age of 89 years who were
      mentally normal or who had minimal senile impairment of memory, were selected by
      a rigorous elimination procedure for final evaluation from a total of 26 brains.
      Using an optical electronic image-analysis system, stereological measurements
      were made of the size and number of senile plaques, and of nerve cell area,
      capillary diameter, capillary length and intercapillary distance in the medial
      frontal gyrus, medial temporal gyrus and precentral gyrus. The number and size of
      senile plaques did not correlate with any of the other parameters measured,
      whereas Mountjoy et al. (1983) found a correlation between neuronal count and
      plaque count. In SDAT the cerebral cortex displayed significant atrophy of the
      neuronal perikarya (mean decrease approximately 50%). The greatest decrease in
      nerve cell area (55%) was seen in layers III and IV of the medial temporal
      cortex. Stereological measurements on the capillary network revealed only
      moderate neuropil shrinkage. Capillary volume was on average 30% greater in SDAT
      as a result of a decrease in intercapillary distance. These findings indicate
      that nerve cell shrinkage is a characteristic indicator of senile dementia.
      Neuropil atrophy may be of secondary importance.

PMID- 4074022
TI  - Verbal fluency in senile dementia: an analysis of search and knowledge.
AB  - This investigation concerns the ability to decide on superordinate category
      membership as a determinant of retrieval failure in fluency tasks. Subjects were
      24 normal elderly (mean age 83) and 66 senile dementia patients (mean age 80.5).
      Two tasks were presented. In the recall task subjects were asked to supply
      instances of articles of clothing and fruits. In a recognition task subjects were
      tested for their knowledge of category membership. Normative production
      frequencies of the items in the recognition task were systematically varied from
      intermediate to very low. Senile dementia patients generated significantly (P
      less than 0.001) less instances of both categories than normal elderly. In
      contrast, recognition of category exemplars was not impaired. These results
      present direct evidence for the hypothesis that senile dementia patients know far
      more category instances than they are able to produce.

PMID- 4074023
TI  - ABO blood group system, age, sex, risk factors and cardiac infarction.
AB  - In a retrospective study in 3100 patients of different ages the relationship
      between blood group and cardiac infarction was investigated in 450 patients. The
      patients were divided in two age groups: those who were 65 yr old and older and
      younger patients (age less than 65 yr). The predominance of blood group A in
      patients with cardiac infarction was highly significant in both age groups (P
      less than 0.005, two-tailed Chi-square test). Step-wise excluding all patients
      with at least one of the risk factors, hypertension, hyperuricemia, diabetes
      mellitus, smoking, and hyperlipemia similar results were found: the predominance
      of blood group A in the elderly patients with cardiac infarction was even higher
      than before excluding the risk factors (P less than 0.001). The predominance of
      blood group A was also demonstrated at a lower level in younger patients with
      cardiac infarction (P less than 0.05). Our investigation strongly suggests the
      existence of a genetic factor associated with blood group A and independent of
      the other risk factors which is also responsible for a greater incidence of
      cardiac infarction.

PMID- 4074024
TI  - Effect of intermittent feeding on thermoregulatory abilities of young and aged
      C57BL/6J mice.
AB  - At 6 mth of age, male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to an intermittent schedule of
      feeding (every-other-day) or continued to be maintained on an ad libitum diet
      (24% protein). This regimen of dietary restriction resulted in increased mean and
      maximum lifespan (11%) compared to the survival of ad libitum-fed mice. At 8 and
      26 mth of age, different groups of mice were tested for cold tolerance during 3 h
      exposure to 10 degrees C. Aged mice (26 mth) fed ad libitum compared to young
      mice (8 mth) on the same diet had significantly lower baseline colonic
      temperatures prior to cold exposure, and impaired cold tolerance, as measured by
      the rate of decline in colonic temperature during cold exposure. Dietary
      restriction by intermittent feeding had no significant effect on cold tolerance
      in young mice or baseline colonic temperature in young or aged mice. However, the
      cold tolerance of aged mice subjected to 20 mth of intermittent feeding was
      markedly improved over that of aged cohorts maintained on an ad libitum diet and
      in fact was indistinguishable from that of young counterparts. Thus, it appeared
      that this regimen of dietary restriction when implemented in young adults
      prevented the age-related decline in cold tolerance observed among ad libitum fed
      mice of this strain.

PMID- 4074025
TI  - Periodic leg movements during sleep in the elderly.
AB  - Periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS) occur frequently in the sleep of elderly
      persons but their significance is unknown. In this study, 63 elderly persons with
      symptoms of insomnia but without history of renal disease were evaluated
      polysomnographically. All received laboratory evaluations for blood urea nitrogen
      (BUN) and creatinine and completed a questionnaire on sleep complaints. Results
      indicated a positive relationship between PLMS and urea nitrogen in elderly
      women. In addition, symptoms of leg twitching and prolonged sleep latency could
      distinguish arbitrarily formed high and low PLMS groups. These results suggest
      that PLMS could be a window on the age-related decline in renal function and that
      these movements are related to several highly specific symptoms of geriatric
      insomnia.

PMID- 4074026
TI  - The new medical ethics. A second opinion.

PMID- 4074027
TI  - Computers and the future of medical practice.

PMID- 4074028
TI  - Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

PMID- 4074029
TI  - Endemic nosocomial Acinetobacter calcoaceticus bacteremia. Clinical significance,
      treatment, and prognosis.
AB  - The medical records of 27 patients with blood cultures positive for Acinetobacter
      calcoaceticus over a recent five-year period (0.7% of all positive blood
      cultures) were reviewed retrospectively to determine the epidemiologic and
      clinical significance of these isolates. Eighteen isolates represented true
      bacteremias, 16 of which were hospital acquired. Patients most frequently were
      located in an intensive care unit or on a surgical ward. A seasonal July-to
      September peak incidence was noted. The most common site of primary infection was
      the respiratory tract. Aminoglycosides, alone or in combination with a second
      agent, were used to treat all but one infection. Bacteriologic cure was achieved
      in 15 cases (88%); six patients had polymicrobial sepsis that carried a higher
      mortality than pure A calcoaceticus bacteremia (50% vs 0%). Acinetobacter, a low
      virulence opportunistic pathogen, may be an infrequent but potentially serious
      endemic agent of nosocomial bacteremia in some institutions. The prognosis of
      bacteremia, when appropriately treated, appears to be good.

PMID- 4074030
TI  - Pulmonary mycetoma following Mycobacterium kansasii infection. Report of seven
      cases.
AB  - A long-term follow-up of 263 patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium kansasii
      infection disclosed seven cases of mycetoma. We report the clinical
      manifestations of these patients. The incidence was less than that of
      tuberculosis. All mycetomas originated in large cavity lesions of inactive M
      kansasii infection. Most patients had received multiple antituberculous
      antibiotics, including rifampin. Five patients had died, two of underlying
      disease, one of invasive candidiasis following massive hemoptysis, one of
      surgical complication, and one of a possible invasive aspergillosis.

PMID- 4074031
TI  - Improving patient follow-up in incidental screening through referral letters.
AB  - The effects of referral letters on increasing the likelihood of patients
      obtaining hypertension follow-up assessments are presented. Seventy-four patients
      with elevated diastolic blood pressure (between 95 and 120 mm Hg), who were
      administratively ineligible for longitudinal care from the Veterans
      Administration, were randomized into one of four groups: a patient letter; a
      physician letter; both patient and physician letters; or no letter (control
      group). No evidence of interaction between the patient and physician letters was
      found. Results revealed that nearly twice as many patients (63%) receiving the
      patient letter returned for a hypertension evaluation as compared with those who
      did not (33%). No difference was found between the physician letter and no
      physician letter conditions. These findings suggest that patient-directed
      referral letters can increase the likelihood of follow-up in both previously
      detected and newly detected cases.

PMID- 4074032
TI  - The influence of infarction site and size on the ventricular response to coronary
      thrombolysis.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that myocardial infarction (MI) size rather than location
      determines the ventricular response to reperfusion, we studied 69 patients
      receiving intracoronary streptokinase within five hours of chest pain onset who
      displayed sustained reperfusion at 8.4 +/- 3.4 (SD) days. Twenty reperfusion
      failures served as controls. There were 31 patients with anterior MIs, 18 of
      which were estimated to be large based on an ejection fraction (EF) at
      reperfusion of less than 50%; 14 of 38 patients with inferior MIs also had large
      MIs. The EF increased at follow-up by 6.4% +/- 2.6% in patients with large
      anterior MIs and by 8.2% +/- 2.5% in those with large inferior MIs; in contrast,
      it increased by only 1.8% +/- 2.6% in patients with small anterior MIs and
      significantly decreased by 5.8% +/- 1.9% in patients with small inferior MIs. Six
      controls with large MIs (four anterior) displayed no change in EF; in 14 with
      small MIs (ten inferior), it fell slightly. There were no significant group
      differences in the number of diseased vessels, residual stenosis, or collaterals.
      It is concluded that MI size, not site, largely determines the ventricular
      functional response to early reperfusion; thus, patients with inferior MIs cannot
      be disqualified on this basis alone for thrombolytic therapy.

PMID- 4074033
TI  - Rocky Mountain spotted fever mimicking acute cholecystitis.
AB  - Rocky Mountain spotted fever can present with predominantly abdominal symptoms
      including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Two elderly patients
      presented with an acute febrile illness and abdominal symptoms. Rash was not
      present initially. Workup disclosed cholelithiasis in one, and a thickened
      gallbladder wall surrounded by a sonolucent zone suggesting a pericholecystic
      abscess was found by ultrasonography in the other. Both patients underwent
      emergency laparotomy, with cholecystectomy in both and appendectomy in one. Both
      patients died several days postoperatively. Pathologic specimens reviewed later
      showed that multiple blood vessels of the gallbladder and the appendix were
      infected with Rickettsia rickettsii, and there was focal vascular thrombosis and
      hemorrhage. These documented direct rickettsial infections and lesions in the
      blood vessels of abdominal viscera suggest the basis for the abdominal symptoms
      in Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

PMID- 4074034
TI  - Recurrent respiratory disease, azoospermia, and nasal polyposis. A syndrome that
      mimics cystic fibrosis and immotile cilia syndrome.
AB  - Three adult men with chronic sinopulmonary disease, nasal polyposis, and
      azoospermia were studied. All had normal sweat chloride values and pancreatic
      function. The azoospermia was due to a block in the epididymis that was
      distinguishable from the defect in the vas deferens seen in cystic fibrosis.
      Cilia structure was normal in sperm tails from testicular biopsy specimens and in
      cilia from tracheal biopsy specimens. These cases represent a clinical entity
      distinct from cystic fibrosis and known immotile cilia disorders.

PMID- 4074035
TI  - Aeromonas-related diarrhea in adults.
AB  - We have reviewed the incidence of Aeromonas in patients with enteric disease at
      our hospital and found it to be the highest of any potential enteric pathogen.
      Eighty adult patients with diarrhea had Aeromonas isolated from feces, and in 73
      Aeromonas was the only potential bacterial or parasitic pathogen detected. The
      spectrum of illness in patients with Aeromonas-related diarrhea ranged from
      acute, self-limited diarrhea to a chronic, indolent diarrheal illness. Sixteen
      percent (13/80) of the patients had evidence of colitis noted during
      sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Our data (and those from other studies) indicate
      that Aeromonas is relatively common in the feces of adults with diarrhea; they
      also indicate the need for prospective, controlled clinical and bacteriological
      studies to determine whether or not Aeromonas is an important enteric pathogen in
      adults.

PMID- 4074036
TI  - Outbreak of parasitic gastroenteritis among travelers returning from Africa.
AB  - Eosinophilia and intestinal infections with a trematode parasite developed in 18
      of the 20 American tourists who traveled to Kenya and Tanzania; the fact that the
      two other tourists also had eosinophilia suggested that they too had been
      infested. Because no adult flukes were recovered, a specific identification could
      not be made, but the eggs we observed resembled those of an Echinostoma. Several
      tour members had mild, nonspecific abdominal complaints, but ten had moderately
      severe abdominal cramps and loose or watery stools. Treatment with praziquantel
      was associated with rapid symptomatic improvement, and after treatment no
      parasitic eggs were recovered from patients' stools.

PMID- 4074037
TI  - Devices used for self-measurement of blood pressure. Revised statement of the
      National High Blood Pressure Education Program.

PMID- 4074038
TI  - Reserpine in propranolol-resistant thyroid storm.
AB  - beta-Adrenergic blockers are considered the drugs of choice in the management of
      the hyperadrenergic state in hyperthyroidism. However, we observed a patient in
      thyroid storm and coma who failed to respond to large doses of oral and
      intravenous propranolol hydrochloride but who responded promptly to intramuscular
      reserpine. Reserpine may have been lifesaving and should be considered in
      propranolol-resistant hyperthyroidism and in hyperthyroid patients in whom
      propranolol is contraindicated.

PMID- 4074039
TI  - Local steroids in dialysis-associated pericardial effusion. A single
      intrapericardial administration of triamcinolone.
AB  - Five patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease
      underwent therapeutic pericardiocentesis for pericarditis manifested by either
      cardiac tamponade or effusion unresponsive to conservative therapy.
      Pericardiocentesis was followed by a one-time instillation of triamcinolone
      hexacetonide, a nonabsorbable corticosteroid, into the pericardial space with
      subsequent needle withdrawal. All patients had prompt hemodynamic and symptomatic
      improvement. Serial echocardiograms showed resolution of the pericardial effusion
      in all patients. Follow-up evaluation for six months to six years has shown no
      clinical or postmortem evidence of recurrence. This procedure appears safe and
      effective and potentially can obviate the need for prolonged catheter drainage or
      more invasive surgical procedures as therapy for these patients.

PMID- 4074040
TI  - Danazol for lupus thrombocytopenia.
AB  - Danazol therapy was used in the treatment of three consecutive patients with
      lupus-associated thrombocytopenia refractory to high-dose prednisone therapy (two
      patients) or in whom high-dose prednisone therapy was considered contraindicated
      (one patient). Treatment was associated in each case with an increase in platelet
      count but was complicated in two of three patients by the development of a
      diffuse maculopapular rash that promptly resolved following discontinuation of
      danazol therapy. Retreatment of one patient with danazol was associated with
      immediate recurrence of the rash. We suggest that danazol therapy deserves
      further evaluation in the treatment of lupus-associated thrombocytopenia, but
      advise that patients be carefully monitored for rash.

PMID- 4074041
TI  - Gradual loss and recovery of vision in temporal arteritis.
AB  - Visual loss in temporal arteritis is usually sudden and irreversible. In this
      article, we describe a patient who complained of slowly progressive visual loss
      in one eye, eventually followed by loss of vision in the other eye and
      ophthalmoparesis. A biopsy specimen confirmed the diagnosis of temporal
      arteritis. Steroid therapy resulted in almost total recovery of vision. The
      gradual loss and recovery of vision is attributed to reversible ischemia of the
      optic nerve. This case broadens the spectrum of temporal arteritis to include
      complaints of progressive visual loss over several months.

PMID- 4074042
TI  - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in two elderly siblings.
AB  - To our knowledge, only six families with familial idiopathic thrombocytopenic
      purpura (ITP) have been described in the literature. We encountered two elderly
      siblings with ITP, which normally occurs only in younger persons. It has been
      clearly demonstrated that ITP is an autoimmune disorder, and there is some
      evidence that it reflects an inherited immunodeficiency.

PMID- 4074043
TI  - Amyloid deposition in serosal membranes.

PMID- 4074044
TI  - Thiazides do not cause long-term increases in serum lipid concentrations.

PMID- 4074045
TI  - Is 'futility' a prerequisite to a 'do not resuscitate' decision?

PMID- 4074046
TI  - Prophylactic hypomagnesemia during cisplatin therapy.

PMID- 4074047
TI  - Thigh pain and bacteremia.

PMID- 4074048
TI  - D-penicillamine and neutrophilic agranulocytosis.

PMID- 4074049
TI  - Ketoconazole therapy for AIDS patients with disseminated histoplasmosis.

PMID- 4074050
TI  - Inhibitory effect on endocytosis in polymorphonuclear cells caused by
      thalidomide.

PMID- 4074051
TI  - Correlation between exercise electrocardiographic test, myocardial perfusion test
      with thallium 201 and contrast coronary arteriography in patients with ischemic
      heart disease.

PMID- 4074052
TI  - Separation of "triplet" zoapatanol and montanol obtained from Montanoa tomentosa
      s.s.p. tomentosa by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 4074053
TI  - Correlation of cerebral neuronal activity and oxygen consumption during ether and
      pentobarbital anesthesia in the dog.

PMID- 4074054
TI  - [Arrhythmias in the subarachnoid hemorrhage model in the cat: role of the
      anterior hypothalamic area].

PMID- 4074055
TI  - [Evaluation of various routes of esophageal reconstruction with the pedunculated
      gastrointestinal tubes].

PMID- 4074056
TI  - [Studies on red blood cells in biliary atresia].

PMID- 4074057
TI  - [Effects of cyclosporin A on mouse tumors].

PMID- 4074058
TI  - Surgical treatment of mitral regurgitation caused by chordal rupture.

PMID- 4074059
TI  - External biliary bypass with a bile-pumping reservoir.

PMID- 4074060
TI  - [A corrective operation for advanced combined valvular heart disease associated
      with a giant left atrium].

PMID- 4074061
TI  - [Blalock-Hanlon procedure for mitral atresia: a case report].

PMID- 4074062
TI  - [Hydroxyapatite wedge for fixation of bone flap in craniotomy. Technical note].

PMID- 4074063
TI  - [Fontan-like operation of seven cases].

PMID- 4074064
TI  - Echocardiographic findings of renal cell carcinoma extending into the right
      atrium via the inferior vena cava.

PMID- 4074065
TI  - Neonatal colon rupture.

PMID- 4074066
TI  - [Concentration of cefoperazone in the cerebrospinal fluid: comparison with 1g and
      2g one-shot intravenous injection].

PMID- 4074067
TI  - Congenital jejunal stenosis in adult: a case report and review of literature.

PMID- 4074068
TI  - [Morphology findings in intentional hand amputation].
AB  - Presented is the case of a 33 years old farmer, who alleged to have lost his left
      hand accidentally when grasping into a chuff-cutter. Immediate investigation of
      the amputate proved, that the hand must have been severed initially by a single
      cut and was only secondarily bruised by multiple blunt contusions. The farmer
      confessed to have mutilated himself with some kind of a guillotine which he had
      constructed for that particular purpose. The amputate was then thrown into the
      chuff-cutter to make his allegation appear credible and to prevent replantation.
      The motivation of this self-mutilation was the expectation of considerable
      insurance payments.

PMID- 4074069
TI  - [Experimental statistical studies on the evaluation of the value of evidence in
      the comparison of human hair].
AB  - In this paper a statistical experiment is presented which allows to estimate the
      evidential value of human head hair comparison. The procedure described in detail
      was essentially the same as in case-work. Questioned hairs were taken randomly
      from 20 different persons out of a pool of 111 individuals. From each of the 20
      persons one, three an five hairs respectively were compared consectively with
      samples from 100 different individuals. The results were classified as follows:
      a) "matching" and b) "similar" - if the hair(s) may originate form that person;
      c) "not matching" - if an individual is excluded as possible source. In our
      experiment about 95% of the samples (persons) were excluded as possible source of
      a questioned hair on the average. This is a mean value which may vary
      considerably in a distinct case. The experiment, its results and problems are
      discussed.

PMID- 4074070
TI  - [Death by electricity in the bathtub. Demonstration by formed local as well as
      linear electric mark].

PMID- 4074071
TI  - [Electrocution in the bathtub].

PMID- 4074072
TI  - Evolutionary implications of features of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in the
      genus Acinetobacter.
AB  - Key enzymes of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis were examined in the genus
      Acinetobacter. Members of this genus belong to a suprafamilial assemblage of Gram
      negative bacteria (denoted Superfamily B) for which a phylogenetic tree based
      upon oligonucleotide cataloging of 16S rRNA exists. Since the Acinetobacter
      lineage diverged at an early evolutionary time from other lineages within
      Superfamily B, an examination of aromatic biosynthesis in members of this genus
      has supplied important clues for the deduction of major evolutionary events
      leading to the contemporary aromatic pathways that now exist within Superfamily
      B. Together with Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Xanthomonas
      campestris, four well-spaced lineages have now been studied in comprehensive
      detail with respect to comparative enzymological features of aromatic amino acid
      biosynthesis. A. calcoaceticus and A. lwoffii both possess two chorismate mutase
      isozymes: one a monofunctional isozyme (chorismate mutase-F), and the other
      (chorismate mutase-P) a component of a bifunctional P-protein (chorismate mutase
      prephenate dehydratase). While both P-protein activities were feedback inhibited
      by L-phenylalanine, the chorismate mutase-P activity was additionally inhibited
      by prephenate. Likewise, chorismate mutase-F was product inhibited by prephenate.
      Two isozymes of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase were
      detected. The major isozyme (greater than 95%) was sensitive to feedback
      inhibition by L-tyrosine, whereas the minor isozyme was apparently insensitive to
      allosteric control. Prephenate dehydrogenase and arogenate dehydrogenase
      activities were both detected, but could not be chromatographically resolved.
      Available evidence favors the existence of a single dehydrogenase enzyme,
      exhibiting substrate ambiguity for prephenate and L-arogenate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 4074073
TI  - A sodium-stimulated membrane-bound fumarate reductase system in Bacteroides
      amylophilus.
AB  - Membrane vesicles derived from whole cells of the strictly anaerobic rumen
      bacterium Bacteroides amylophilus exhibited fumarate reductase activity with
      NADH, FADH2, FMNH2, or reduced viologens as electron donors. The fumarate
      reductase system is most likely localized on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma
      membrane. Cytochromes and menaquinone were not detectable. The NADH-dependent
      activity was inactivated by oxygen, an endogenous protease, and by irradiation at
      254 nm. The electron transport inhibitor HpHOQnO and Zn2+ were identified as
      strong inhibitors of the fumarate reductase reaction. Two types of functional SH
      groups might be operative in this system as probed by ClHgSO3H. The oxidation of
      NADH by fumarate was stimulated by low concentrations of Na+. Concentrations of
      Na+ in the range of 4 to 30 mM had a pronounced influence on growth rate and cell
      yield of B. amylophilus. In the presence of 1 mM NaCl growth was observed only
      after a lag-period of 15 h.

PMID- 4074074
TI  - [Malformations of the occipito-cervical joint. Clinico-radiologic analysis of 31
      cases].

PMID- 4074075
TI  - [Dyskinesias induced by L-DOPA in Parkinson patients].

PMID- 4074076
TI  - [Research achievements and results of the politically economically significant
      virus infections of swine].

PMID- 4074077
TI  - [Virus infections of cattle, their diagnosis and prevention in East Germany].

PMID- 4074078
TI  - [Research of the Friedrich Loeffler Institute on the diagnosis and prevention of
      pathogen-induced poultry diseases].

PMID- 4074079
TI  - [Vaccine production of the Riems Island Friedrich Loeffler Institute].

PMID- 4074080
TI  - [Aerogenic immunization of rural domestic animals--a new research trend at the
      Riems Island Friedrich Loeffler Institute].

PMID- 4074081
TI  - [Detection of bovine syncytial virus in newborn calves before colostrum intake].

PMID- 4074082
TI  - [Onset and duration of immunity following aerogenic immunization of swine against
      swine pest and erysipelas].

PMID- 4074083
TI  - [Trial samples of inactivated vaccines against vesicular swine disease and their
      effectiveness in animal experiments].

PMID- 4074084
TI  - [Safety and effectiveness of Riems vesicular swine disease adsorbate vaccines].

PMID- 4074085
TI  - [Postnatal effects of intrauterine chemical stress].

PMID- 4074086
TI  - [Immune response in splenectomized children to anti-pneumococcal vaccination].
AB  - The antibody response following anti-pneumococcal immunization with a 14-valent
      vaccine was studied in 54 children, aged 2 to 18 years after splenectomy.
      Splenectomy had been performed for traumatic, hematologic or immunologic reasons.
      Antibody titration with respect to 12 serotypes was performed by radioimmunoassay
      immediately before and one month after immunization. Changes in responses were
      studied according to the indication for splenectomy and to the vaccine serotype.
      The main conclusions of this study are the excellent tolerance of immunization,
      the lack of significant difference between the average responses according to the
      indications for splenectomy, the obtainment of a titer probably protective for
      80% of the patient studied and the confirmation of the low immunogenic character
      of serotype 6A. These results suggest that anti-pneumococcal prophylaxis by
      immunization can be highly recommended before splenectomy but it can also be
      performed after surgery.

PMID- 4074087
TI  - [Effects of human growth hormone on very short children with intermediate
      responses to somatotropic stimulation tests].
AB  - The effects of treatment with human growth hormone (hGH) were studied in 29
      patients aged 2 to 16 years with growth retardation between 2.2 and 6 standard
      deviations and insufficient growth velocity in whom repeated pharmacologic
      somatotropic stimulation tests had shown discordant responses either above 7
      ng/ml, or lower than 6 ng/ml. An important acceleration of growth was obtained in
      10 of 16 patients before puberty and in all the 13 cases treated at the beginning
      of puberty. No correlation was observed between the GH levels observed during the
      stimulation tests and the clinical results of treatment. These data lead to
      discuss partial GH deficiency and to propose a trial of treatment in very short
      children with low and/or dissociated responses to repeated tests of pituitary
      somatotropic secretion.

PMID- 4074088
TI  - [Meconium aspiration syndrome. Determination of a prognostic index].
AB  - A study was undertaken on 54 cases of meconial aspiration in order to establish a
      prognostic index allowing the early estimation of the risk of occurrence of
      refractory hypoxia. In order to do so, the factors statistically related to the
      occurrence of refractory hypoxia were taken into account. These factors consisted
      of the first arterial blood gas determination, first chest x-ray film and the
      initial Silverman index. A value was assigned to each parameter, with respect to
      the corresponding percentage of observed refractory hypoxias. The sum of the
      values determined the prognostic index, which varied from 6 to 25. For a high
      risk threshold fixed at 15, sensibility was 78%, specificity 90% and the
      predictive value 84%. For an index between 16 and 20, 70% of patients developed
      refractory hypoxia. Occurrence was 100% for an index above 20 and refractory
      hypoxia occurred early. On the contrary with indexes between 6 and 14, occurrence
      was 15%. The calculation of this index might help clinicians in their therapeutic
      decisions.

PMID- 4074089
TI  - [Bobble-head doll syndrome].
AB  - A new case of Bobble-head doll syndrome with aqueductal stenosis is presented in
      a 14 year-old boy. Ventriculocisternostomy performed 8 years after the onset of
      the abnormal movement resulted in moderate reduction of the head bobbling. Twenty
      two cases were found in a review of the literature. In all cases there was a
      chronic slowly progressive hydrocephalus with usually a cyst of the third
      ventricle; aqueductal stenosis was less frequent. When recorded, psychomotor
      development was impaired. Treatment is neurosurgical. Pathogenesis remains
      unknown.

PMID- 4074090
TI  - [Iconographic rubric. Mediastinal tuberculous adenopathies].

PMID- 4074091
TI  - [Safety of term birth and cesarean birth rates].
AB  - This was a parallel of the rate of caesarean section and neurological morbidity
      of the term newborn. This study was performed on all infants born at a
      gestational age of 37 weeks or greater in 1981 and 1982 at the Baudelocque
      Maternity Hospital. The results show a stable caesarean section rate during these
      two years: 21% in 1981, 20% in 1982; as for the safety of term birth there was
      only one case of perinatal insult during a vaginal birth responsible for cerebral
      dysfunction of moderate degree. There was a 18% operative maternal morbidity and
      there were no deaths. We concluded that a caesarean section rate of 20% in a
      University Hospital is justified by the virtual absence of neonatal morbidity
      with an acceptable maternal risk. This rate should not increase. The possible
      ways of decreasing this rate, while maintaining neonatal safety, must be studied.
      The original aspect of this work concerns the monitoring of the caesarean section
      rate by the incidence of neurological complications of all term births during a
      fixed period of time.

PMID- 4074092
TI  - [Staphylococcal toxic shock, crusted tracheitis and prolonged coma in a young
      child].

PMID- 4074093
TI  - [Esophageal fibroscopy, gastroesophageal reflux and peptic esophagitis].

PMID- 4074094
TI  - [The treatment of young diabetics in 1985. Current proposals].

PMID- 4074095
TI  - [Somatotropin secretion during sleep in 60 cases of growth retardation in
      children].
AB  - A study of nocturnal somatotropic secretion with sleep polygraphic recording was
      performed in 60 children, aged 1 to 18 years and presenting with growth
      retardation greater than or equal to -2SD. GH secretion was analysed according to
      the peak value, the number of peaks greater than 5 ng/ml and the integrated
      concentration (surface under the curve divided by the duration of the test). The
      children were studied in four groups according to the responses to pharmacologic
      stimulation tests: a normal group (n = 7), a group with complete somatotropic
      deficiency (n = 4), a group with partial somatotropic deficiency (n = 39) and a
      group with dissociated responses (n = 12). Results are concordant between sleep
      secretion and pharmacologic tests in the first two groups. On the contrary, in
      the two last, the study of the sleep secretion allows to differentiate children
      with hyposecretion ("true partial deficiencies") from children with normal
      secretion ("false partial deficiencies") or abnormal responders). In other
      respects, correlations between LH maximum peak and stages of sleep are analysed.
      The maximum peak was observed in only 33.9% of cases during stage IV, 21.5% of
      cases during stages I, II, III, in 19.6% of cases during wakefulness and in 25%
      of cases during paradoxical stage. The maximum peak was observed in only 48% of
      cases during the first cycle of sleep and in 52% of cases during the other
      cycles. These results show that the correlation between maximum peak, stage IV
      and first cycle of sleep is not absolute.

PMID- 4074096
TI  - [Results of treatment with human growth hormone in children with pituitary
      insufficiency under 7 years of age. Study of 26 cases].
AB  - Twenty-six children below age 7 years with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency
      have been treated with hGH for 2 years. Bone ages were inferior to 3 years and
      growth retardation averaged 3.9 +/- 0.9 standard deviation (SD) below the
      population mean. Results were compared to those obtained in a control group of 29
      prepubertal patients, aged more than 7 years, and treated with hGH according to
      the same protocol. The mean height gains during the first and second year of
      treatment were respectively 8.4 +/- 1.8 cm and 6.6 +/- 1.5 cm. These values are
      significantly higher than those obtained in the group of older children. However
      within 2 years of treatment the initial catch-up in height of 0.9 +/- 0.6 DS was
      not different. In conclusion, we did not observe a better catch up growth in
      children before 7 years of age than in older prepubertal children, in spite of
      using higher doses of hGH.

PMID- 4074097
TI  - [Role of children with chronic hepatitis in the intrafamilial spread of hepatitis
      B virus infection].
AB  - In order to evaluate the intrafamilial spread of hepatitis B virus (HBV)
      infection we studied the serological markers of HBV in 101 relatives of 35
      children with chronic hepatitis B. Sixty per cent of relatives had markers of
      infection and 25% showed persistent HBs antigenemia. The high prevalence of HBeAg
      versus anti-HBe in chronically infected relatives suggests a close temporal
      relationship of the infection between adults and children. These results support
      the hypothesis that the child is the main carrier of HBV infection in his family.

PMID- 4074098
TI  - [Prospective study of rotavirus infection in a maternity unit. Demonstration of a
      nosocomial infection].
AB  - Eighty-eight children born at the maternity hospital in Saint-Germain-en-Laye
      between May 24 and June 7, 1983 were followed clinically, with a special
      supervision concerning stools, weight curves and the way of feeding. Stool
      samplings looking for Rotavirus were performed in all the children and their
      mothers, at the 3rd and 6th days of life. No mother was found with Rotavirus
      infection. In neonates, Rotavirus excretion was significantly related to a slow
      down in weight curves and the occurrence of diarrhea. All rotaviruses had the
      same electrophoretype. Breast-feeding had an undeniable protective effect.

PMID- 4074099
TI  - [Common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. Apropos of a new case].
AB  - The authors report the case of a 17 year-old girl who presented with typical
      clinical features (pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis and diarrhoea) of Variable
      Primary Hypogammaglobulinemia for over 15 years. Immunodeficiency investigations
      showed a defective antibody response with a panhypogammaglobulinemia but normal
      cell-mediated immunity. Serum protein electrophoresis and detection of natural
      and acquired antibodies in the blood are the basic biological tests to run for a
      quick diagnosis. The main long term complication consists of the risk of
      neoplasia. The patient recovered a good clinical status after she was treated by
      IgG infusions every 2,5 weeks and antibiotics in case of superimposed infection.

PMID- 4074100
TI  - [Congenital generalized lipodystrophy. Lipid changes. Therapeutic trials].
AB  - On the occasion of a new case of congenital generalized lipodystrophy the
      clinical features of this disease are reviewed. Furthermore, the frequent
      association of type V hypertriglyceridemia is emphasized. Various pathogenic
      hypotheses guide the therapeutic attempts, which are often unsuccessful.

PMID- 4074101
TI  - [Association of hemoglobin E and thalassemia].
AB  - Double heterozygotism Hb E-beta zero thalassemia was discovered in two children
      born to an Alaouite Syrian family. Clinical, biological and radiological findings
      were similar to those in Cooley disease. Splenectomy allowed reduction in the
      frequency of blood transfusions. Hb E disease is frequent in South East Asia and
      results in a mild hemolytic anemia in homozygous patients. Hb E disease is a
      thalassemia syndrome with decrease production of beta E RNA messenger, and
      imbalanced alpha/beta E chains. Association with the thalassemia gene increases
      the imbalanced of chain synthesis explaining the severity of the disease. These
      were the first cases of Hb E-thal in Syria.

PMID- 4074102
TI  - [Radiological case of the month. Pfeiffer's syndrome].

PMID- 4074103
TI  - [Dihydralazine treatment of cardiac insufficiency in children].
AB  - The action, efficient dosage and tolerance of a pure vasodilator, dihydralazine,
      used for the treatment of severe heart failure were studied in 30 children aged 1
      month to 14 years. All of them presented with heart failure from various causes,
      not controlled by the usual medical treatment. Dihydralazine was administered
      orally, without interrupting the digoxin-diuretic treatment, with a dose of 34 to
      140 mg/m2/day given in 4 equal doses. Clinical efficacy was considered null in 12
      cases, low in 12 cases and good in 6 cases, without relationship with the
      original heart defect. Five of the 6 good results were obtained with doses
      greater than or equal to 100 mg/m2/day. In the group of 16 children who were
      given doses greater than or equal to 100 mg/m2/day, a significant improvement of
      the ECG indexes of left ventricular performance was obtained: decrease in
      systolic left ventricular internal dimension (p less than 0.05 at day 5),
      increase of the shortening fraction (p less than 0.05 since day 1) and of
      velocity of shortening (p less than 0.01 since day 1), while the diastolic left
      ventricular internal dimension remained unchanged. The only transitory
      undesirable effects observed were headache, vomiting and/or rash in 9 cases.

PMID- 4074104
TI  - [Use of the Heimlich Maneuver on children in the Rhone-Alpes area].
AB  - In 27 children suffering from a foreign body in the respiratory tract with
      asphyxia, the Heimlich manoeuvre, previously described, was successful in saving
      life of this dramatic situation in all cases, without respiratory complication.
      While this method is better known by members of first-aid associations than by
      pediatricians, it may be successfully used in very young children and infants.

PMID- 4074105
TI  - [Involvement of the phrenic nerves in Guillain-Barre disease in children].

PMID- 4074106
TI  - [Neonatal gallbladder lithiasis disclosing cystic fibrosis].

PMID- 4074107
TI  - Depression, drugs, and delusions.
AB  - This study, a retrospective review of clinical experience, investigated response
      to tricyclic antidepressants in a group of 34 depressives with delusions and a
      group of 22 depressives without delusions. There was no difference between the
      groups in terms of their age, sex, or dosage of tricyclic antidepressant. The
      pattern of when patients left tricyclic therapy for electroconvulsive therapy was
      similar in both groups. For those responding to tricyclics, the nondelusional
      group responded within the first three weeks of therapy, whereas for the
      delusional group the responders were more spread throughout the nine weeks.
      Delusional depressives were more likely to respond to tricyclic antidepressants
      than were nondelusional depressives.

PMID- 4074108
TI  - The outcome of antidepressant use in the medically ill.
AB  - To examine the feasibility of using antidepressant medication to treat major
      depressive syndromes in the hospitalized medically ill, we reviewed a series of
      psychiatric consultations meeting the following criteria: the consultant
      diagnosed a major depressive syndrome, treatment with an antidepressant was
      advised, the consultee initiated the antidepressant, and hospitalization had been
      prompted by a major medical illness. The final sample of 50 consultations,
      representing less than 5% of the case reviewed, was assessed by retrospective
      study of entries in the medical record. Judgments regarding response were thus a
      function of routine clinical observation and care. Drugs were not randomly
      assigned; rather, the choices represented ongoing clinical usage patterns. Two
      major points emerge from the data of the study. First, 32% of the trials were
      terminated due to side effects judged to be unacceptable by the physicians or
      consultants. Delirium accounted for half of such side effects; cardiotoxicity,
      however, was not evident. Second, only 40% of patients with medical illnesses,
      including malignant neoplasm, insulin-dependent diabetes, and epilepsy, responded
      to treatment. The trials of antidepressants in medical-surgical inpatients did
      not achieve the pattern of therapeutic responses routinely characterizing
      comparable interventions in psychiatric patients with primary affective disorder.

PMID- 4074109
TI  - Assessing depression in primary medical and psychiatric practices.
AB  - A two-stage assessment of newly admitted outpatients at community mental health
      centers and primary medical care centers found the Center for Epidemiological
      Studies Depression Scale to be highly sensitive but relatively nonspecific when
      compared with assessments of depression by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule.
      Considerably higher than usual screening scores are recommended with both patient
      populations to improve the efficiency of the Center for Epidemiological Studies
      Depression Scale. The reasons for our finding that primary care clinicians
      underdiagnose depressive disorder while psychiatric clinicians overdiagnose it
      relative to the Diagnostic Interview Schedule include varied presentations by
      each sector's patients, differing clinical acumen, and factors affecting third
      party reimbursement.

PMID- 4074110
TI  - Plasma norepinephrine level in affective disorders. Relationship to melancholia.
AB  - The plasma norepinephrine (NE) level was measured in 45 depressed patients and in
      41 normal control subjects. Patients who met DSM-III criteria for a major
      depressive episode with melancholia (MDE-MEL; N = 16), and those with MDE but
      with melancholia in a previous episode (MDE-PMEL; N = 8), had significantly
      higher levels of plasma NE than normal control subjects while lying and standing
      and a greater change in the levels; whereas, patients with MDE alone (N = 10) and
      patients with dysthymic disorder (N = 11) had levels of NE comparable with
      control levels. Bipolar patients (N = 7), all with current melancholia or a
      history of it, had significantly lower levels of NE while lying down or standing
      than depressed unipolar patients with similar histories of melancholia. Among
      unipolar patients with melancholia, nonsuppressors on the dexamethasone
      suppression test had significantly higher lying-down NE values than did
      suppressors, suggesting that dysregulation of both the hypothalamic-pituitary
      adrenal axis and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system occur together in this
      subgroup of depressed patients.

PMID- 4074111
TI  - [A few remarks on writing technics of medical historical works].

PMID- 4074112
TI  - Dependent variables in rehabilitation research.
AB  - It is important that rehabilitation professionals use appropriate techniques to
      evaluate their treatments. False, contradictory, diverse, and misleading
      interpretations can be obtained depending on how dependent variables in treatment
      outcome research are quantified. This report describes an evaluation of a single
      subject investigation that used a push-up timer for teaching pressure relief
      maneuvers. Results are analyzed four separate ways, and can be taken to support
      three quite different conclusions. This illustrates that investigators should
      carefully select procedures of analysis before initiating a study to avoid having
      to make a post hoc and potentially biased selection of which mode(s) of data
      analysis and presentation is most appropriate. However, such an a priori
      selection of analysis does not relieve investigators of the responsibility for
      analyzing their data from different perspectives and discussing alternate or
      contradictory interpretations.

PMID- 4074113
TI  - Group psychotherapy: benefits in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - This study investigates the relationship between group psychotherapy and the
      psychologic adjustment of patients with a primary diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
      (MS). It was speculated that such a program would decrease both patient
      depression and anxiety, at the same time increasing self-concept and self
      direction. Forty-one hospitalized MS patients were screened for mental status,
      then administered a test battery consisting of the Depression 30, IPAT Anxiety
      Scale, Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem
      Scale. Following this, patients were matched into triads on the basis of pretest
      scores. Each member of the triad was then randomly assigned to one of three
      groups: insight-oriented, current events, control (nontreatment). At the end of
      50 group sessions, all patients were reassessed using the same test battery.
      Results were analyzed by means of analysis of covariance and the nonparametric
      Friedman test. Post-hoc procedures were performed with the following results: 1)
      the insight-oriented therapy group was significantly less depressed than both the
      current events group and the control group and 2) both the therapy and the
      current events groups were significantly more internally oriented than the
      control. Not only does group therapy per se seem to benefit the MS patient, but
      any supervised group involvement appears to improve significantly patient
      emotional state.

PMID- 4074114
TI  - Speech rehabilitation outcome after Blom-Singer tracheoesophageal puncture.
AB  - This study evaluated speech rehabilitation outcome and length of training needed
      for laryngectomized patients who underwent the Blom-Singer tracheoesophageal (TE)
      puncture procedure. Preoperative patient selection criteria included: 1)
      acceptable stoma size, 2) adequate motivation and manual dexterity, 3) absence of
      constrictor spasm. Training focused on coordination of breath control,
      articulation, muscle relaxation, and proper handling and maintenance of the
      "duckbill" prosthesis. Speech intelligibility in 12 patients was evaluated
      following the completion of their speech rehabilitation program, using the CID
      Everyday Sentences. Each patient was videotaped; the tape then was presented to
      unbiased listeners who recorded the sentences. The median percentage of
      intelligibility for the 12 patients was 89.5%; only one patient had a median
      score less than 60%. The mean length of formal training for the group was only
      3.2 hours (range 1 to 7 hours). The percentage of patients attaining speech and
      the quality of their speech intelligibility was found to be higher than with
      esophageal speech, which is both time consuming and often difficult to learn. TE
      puncture followed by proper fitting and training in voice prosthesis usage
      improves speech rehabilitation outcome for the laryngectomized patient.

PMID- 4074115
TI  - Sleep patterns in nonambulatory boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Sleep patterns and respiratory function during sleep were studied in five
      nonambulatory boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy to clarify why patients with
      this disease awaken frequently at night. It was hypothesized that hypoxemia
      during sleep due to severe restrictive lung disease might cause nighttime
      arousals. Each boy underwent electroencephalography, electro-oculography and
      electromyography. Also determined were arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation, airflow
      from the nose and mouth, chest and abdominal excursions, and carbon dioxide
      tension of exhaled breaths. All five subjects had pulmonary function
      abnormalities consistent with severe restrictive lung disease and respiratory
      muscle weakness but none had evidence of respiratory failure or cor pulmonale.
      The boys awakened three times more frequently than age-matched published norms
      and experienced sleep stage shifts twice as often as normal children. Rapid-eye
      movement (REM) sleep as a proportion of total sleep was significantly reduced;
      sleep stage I was increased compared to normal values. No subject developed
      oxyhemoglobin desaturation during sleep. End-tidal CO2 tensions rose during sleep
      stages I, II and V (REM) in association with reduced chest wall excursion,
      suggesting transient episodes of mild hypoventilation which were not associated
      with arousals. Sleep fragmentation, frequent arousals and REM sleep deprivation
      occur in some boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy but are not associated with
      significant disorders in breathing during sleep.

PMID- 4074116
TI  - Simulated leg-length discrepancy: its effect on mean center-of-pressure position
      and postural sway.
AB  - We hypothesized that leg-length discrepancies of as little as 1cm would induce a
      significant postural shift and increase the extent of postural sway. We had 14
      normal volunteers stand on a force platform with their feet in a standard
      position. Center-of-pressure data were recorded at 100Hz for 20 seconds while the
      subjects stood barefoot with no lifts or (in random order) with lifts of 1, 2, 3,
      and 4cm under their left and right feet. From these data we derived the mean
      center-of-pressure position and the extent of postural sway. Lifts of as little
      as 1cm shifted the mean center-of-pressure toward the longer leg to a
      statistically significant extent (p less than 0.001), the mean difference
      compared with the barefoot condition being 6.1% of the distance between the feet;
      increasing the discrepancy did not proportionately increase the effect. The
      postural sway (total travel of the center-of-pressure) in a mediolateral
      direction increased significantly with a 1cm discrepancy (p less than 0.01), and
      continued to increase in proportion to the magnitude of the discrepancy. There
      were no effects on anteroposterior position or sway and no influence of left
      right dominance. These results support our hypothesis that a leg-length
      discrepancy of as little as 1cm may be biomechanically important.

PMID- 4074117
TI  - Partial cauda equina compromise: result of sacral stenosis.
AB  - Although partial or complete cauda equina compromise due to lumbar stenosis is a
      recognized entity, cauda equina compromise due to sacral stenosis is extremely
      uncommon. We present a patient with a three-week history of right thigh and
      buttock pain who developed right scrotal and buttock numbness, urinary retention,
      and difficulty with bowel evacuation. The patient had diminished sensation to
      right buttock and anus pinprick with decreased anal sphincter tone and absent
      bulbocavernosus reflex. Lumbosacral spine films revealed only minimal
      degenerative changes, while lumbar myelogram showed L4-L5 and L5-S1 ventral
      extradural defects. Only a drop of pantopaque descended caudally below the level
      of the L5-S1 interspace. Operatively, significant stenosis and thickening of the
      posterior sacrum with compromise of the lower sacral nerve roots was noted.
      Bilateral sacral laminectomy was performed and the symptoms resolved
      postoperatively. This case illustrates an unusual clinical entity: partial cauda
      equina compromise due to sacral stenosis.

PMID- 4074118
TI  - Adaptive equipment for C6 quadriplegia: an approach to effective, simple, and
      inexpensive devices.
AB  - Three simple and inexpensive devices were developed by a man with complete C6
      quadriplegia to increase his independence: a reacher that allows him to lift and
      move objects ranging in size from ballpoint pens to beverage cans; a wrist splint
      that permits him to open pop-top cans, dial a telephone, open a drawer, and page
      through a book; and an implement holder that stabilizes small devices.

PMID- 4074119
TI  - [Choline requirement of the laying hen. 2. Effect of methionine and fat content
      of rations on choline requirement].
AB  - 165 laying hens per group received 3.0, 3.5, or 4.0 g methionine, 29 or 59 g fat
      and supplements of 0, 108, 217, 434 or 868 mg choline per kg feed resp. (3 X 2 X
      5) over a period of 336 days. The average laying performance was 70% and was not
      influenced values by the content of the feed. The methionine supplements
      significantly increased the weight of the eggs by 0.6 and 1.1 g resp. The higher
      fat content increased the weight of the eggs by 0.6 g. Feed expenditure was not
      influenced by the subject of the experiment. The results of the experiment show
      that laying hens do not require choline as feed supplement and that therefore no
      interactions between choline and the fat and methionine content of the ration are
      to be expected.

PMID- 4074120
TI  - Measurement of the postruminal digestibility of crude protein by the bag
      technique in cows.
AB  - A new method has been developed which permits the crude protein digestibility of
      feedstuffs in the intestine of cattle to be measured with little effort in terms
      of samples and experimental work. It consists of welding 0.4 ... 0.8 g of the
      feedstuff (particle size: 125 ... 1000 micron) into polyamide fabric bags (25 X
      40 mm) which are inserted via cannulae into the digestive tracts of fistulated
      cows from the abomasum/duodenum to the ileum or from the abomasum/duodenum to the
      faeces. The mean retention time of the bags in the animal was 8.5 +/- 2.7 h from
      the abomasum to the end of the ileum and (13.3 +/- 1.9 h from the abomasum to the
      faeces. Up to 15 bags per day and cow may be used. The random error of the method
      is 1.3% (absolute) when the measurements are performed on two animals using two
      bags each. Intestinal digestibilities of over 90% were measured for concentrate
      proteins (except linseed meal) and of 72 ... 95% for forage proteins. Post
      ruminal digestion was virtually finished at the end of the small intestine.

PMID- 4074121
TI  - The effect of beta carotene supplementation on the beta carotene and vitamin A
      levels of blood plasma and some fertility indices of dairy cows.
AB  - Seasonal variations in beta carotene intake and low levels of beta carotene and
      vitamin A in blood plasma were found in cows fed ration based mainly on maize
      silage. The supplementation of daily winter rations with 300 mg Rovimix-beta
      carotene per cow, beginning 14 days before parturition and 60 days after calving
      increased slighty the beta carotene and vitamin A concentrations of blood plasma
      and improved some fertility indices: the number of inseminations per cow was
      reduced and the percentage of conception rate was significantly higher. It may be
      assumed that beta carotene content in feeds and it's utilization rate generally
      reflected in beta carotene blood plasma level and in the improvement of
      fertility.

PMID- 4074122
TI  - [Protein and amino acid metabolism in the digestive tract growing young bulls. 1.
      Flow of bacterial raw protein in the duodenum determined by 2,6-diaminopimelic
      acid as a marker].
AB  - The influence of the composition of the rations on the content of diamino pimelic
      acid (DAP) and N in the bacteria dry matter and on the flow of bacteria crude
      protein into the duodenum, determined with DAP as marker, was determined on the
      basis of experimental investigations with young bulls provided with duodenal
      cannulae and with 28 different rations whose details are described. At a
      production level corresponding to dry matter intake and a variation range of the
      crude fibre content of between 11.3 and 29.1% in the DM, a content of N-free
      extractives between 50.9 and 77.4% in the DM, a content of soluble carbohydrates
      ibetween 5.3 and 6.4% in the DM, a crude protein content of between 6.4 and 17.1%
      in the DM and a pure protein content of between 4.9 and 15.5% in the DM, the DAP
      content of the bacteria DM amounts the 0.350 g 100 g DM +/- 0.090 the N-content
      of the bacteria DM amounts to 7.37 +/- 1.08 g/100 g DM, there are no relations
      between DAP- and N-content in the bacteria DM and the content of the individual
      carbohydrate fractions of the ration, there are positive relations between DAP-
      and N-content of the bacteria DM, the flow of bacterial crude protein into the
      duodenum amounts to 133 +/- 14 g/kg truly fermentable organic matter or 130 +/-
      14 g/kg apparently digestible organic matter, there is a negative relation
      between bacteria crude protein at the duodenum (BCPD)/kg truly fermentable
      organic matter and the crude fibre content of the ration, there is a positive
      relation between BCPD/kg truly fermentable organic matter and N-free extractives
      and soluble carbohydrate content as well as the digestibility of the organic
      matter of the ration, there is no specific influence of the flow rate (kg
      digesta/kg intake of org. matter) or the dilution rate (g bacteriafree org.
      matter D/kg LW075/b) on BCPD/kg truly fermentable org. matter, there is a
      dependence of BCPD/kg truly fermentable org. matter on crude protein
      concentration in the ration in the concentration range of 6.4-9.0% crude protein
      in the ration (provided endogenous CP equivalents are used).

PMID- 4074123
TI  - Composition, digestibility and feed intake of Opuntia ficus indica by Ogaden
      sheep.
AB  - First of all spineless Opuntia is an important source of water for livestock in
      tropical regions. The water content of one-year sprouts amounted to 92.5%. 70 to
      75% of dry matter of Opuntia ficus indica were crude carbohydrates, approximately
      20% were crude ash. The apparent digestibility of organic matter was considerably
      high (70.9%), the energy content amounts to 35 and 467 EFUc per kg of fresh and
      dry matter respectively. Opuntias are roughage, their energy content is similar
      to that of grass or legumes during flowering. The protein content is too low (4.5
      to 5.5% crude protein of dry matter) in order to meet the protein requirements of
      animals. When they had the choice rams preferred chopped fresh Opuntia (61.6% of
      the whole DM intake) to chopped dried Opuntia (34.7%) and whole fresh Opuntia
      (3.7%) apart from a certain basal diet (200 g of meadow hay and 200 g of
      concentrate per animal and day). If only one of the three differently treated
      forms of Opuntia was fed (apart from the basal diet) the sheep consumed daily 359
      g of dry matter of chopped fresh Opuntia (approximately the same amount as if
      they had the choice, 101%), 313 g of dry matter of chopped dried Opuntia (88%)
      and 121 g of dry matter of whole fresh sprouts of Opuntia (34% of the total
      intake when they had the choice.) According to the obtained results spineless
      Opuntia ficus indica can be used in chopped form as an additional feed to other
      roughages (like grass, hay, straw) especially during the dry season.

PMID- 4074124
TI  - [Representation of results of feed evaluation. 3. Mixed feed].
AB  - Model investigations into error dimension and error distribution with regard to
      piglet rearing feed show that the sampling regulations for mixed feed as laid
      down in TGL 29080/01 of the GDR basically guarantee the representativeness of the
      samples as to the assessment of lots. Based on the total scatter and the
      confidence intervals, the minimum and maximum contents laid down in the standards
      of quality can be observed. In comparison with pellets, the total scatter
      particularly for raw ash and the minerals Ca, Na, Mn and Cu is bigger when the
      mixed feed is provided in the form of coarse meal, which is due to high partial
      errors in sampling and the prepartion of sampling (partition). The quota of
      analysis errors in the total error is significant for parameters with relatively
      low content values (crude fibre, crude fat) and vitamin A in contrast to dry
      matter, crude protein, raw ash, bulk elements and starch so that double or triple
      determinations (for vitamin A) are appropriate and to be taken into
      consideration. Results with regard to vitamins and trace elements make a first
      survey possible.

PMID- 4074125
TI  - Formaldehyde-induced sister chromatid exchanges in vitro and the influence of the
      exogenous metabolizing systems S9 mix and primary rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Formaldehyde-induced sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in vitro and the influence
      of the exogenous metabolizing systems, S9 mix and primary rat hepatocytes, were
      studied. The SCE-frequency in V79 cells was dose dependent. A three- to four-fold
      increase at non-toxic doses was observed. However, in the presence of an
      exogenous metabolizing system, the number of formaldehyde-induced SCE decreased.
      S9 mix as well as hepatocytes reduced the SCE frequency to nearly that of the
      control range. It could be demonstrated that the reduction was not due to an
      unspecific binding of formaldehyde to macromolecules of the added S9 mix. The
      decrease in genotoxic effects, due to rapid metabolisation of formaldehyde in
      vitro and in vivo, explains the differences between results obtained in the in
      vitro experiments--performed without metabolizing systems--and in vivo results.

PMID- 4074126
TI  - Non-genotoxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) to the mouse bone marrow and the
      rat liver: implications for its carcinogenicity.
AB  - 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is structurally related to the rat liver carcinogen
      2,4-dinitrotoluene (technical grade), and both compounds are known to be
      mutagenic to bacteria in vitro. TNT is therefore established as a potential
      rodent carcinogen; the present paper describes experiments designed to assess if
      this potential is likely to be expressed in appropriately exposed animals. TNT
      gave a negative response in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay and in an in
      vivo/in vitro rat liver assay for unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS). In the latter
      assay animals are exposed to the test chemical in vivo and their hepatocytes
      subsequently evaluated for UDS in vitro. The negative response observed for TNT
      in the liver assay at dose-levels up to 1000 mg/kg was accompanied by a positive
      response for the hepatocarcinogen 2,4-dinitrotoluene at the lower dose-level of
      200 mg/kg. In contrast, the dinitro compound gave a negative response in the
      micronucleus assay, as was also observed for TNT. It is concluded that the
      negative response observed for TNT in the liver assay indicates that it is
      unlikely to be a rat hepatocarcinogen. Nonetheless, high levels of methaemoglobin
      were observed in the TNT-treated rats and their urine was coloured red. These
      facts, together with the known toxicities of this agent suggest a possible
      carcinogenic hazard to the haemopoetic and urinary tissues of animals exposed
      chronically to it at toxic dose-levels.

PMID- 4074127
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
AB  - Antisera to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a widely used herbicide, have
      been obtained from rabbits following immunization with various 2,4-D-protein
      conjugates. Employing [125I] 2,4-D-tyramine as the radioligand for the antisera,
      very poor assay sensitivity was achieved because of a much higher affinity of the
      antibodies to the tracer. When using [6-3H] 2,4-D(specific radioactivity 465
      GBq/mmol) a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for 2,4-D could be
      developed, which allows determination directly in water, plasma and urine
      samples. Levels as low as approximately 100 pg (450 femtomoles) of 2,4-D can be
      detected. The antiserum is fairly specific for 2,4-D. Other related
      phenoxycarboxylic acids and dichlorophenol showed a cross-reactivity smaller than
      10%. After a single administration of 2,4-D (0.91 mg/100 g body weight, orally)
      to rats, plasma and urine levels were determined at different times. Results
      correspond to those found in the literature, thus indicating the utility of the
      RIA. Further applications and limitations are discussed.

PMID- 4074129
TI  - Toxic and lethal effects of T-2 toxin upon intracerebral administration to rats.
AB  - T-2 toxin was given to rats in three ways: Subcutaneous or intracerebral
      injection of a solution in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and by implantation of
      toxin, adsorbed on talc, into various regions of diencephalon and brain stem. The
      latter method proved to be most effective. Within a few hours after
      administration of 10-20 micrograms toxin, the animals became restless, ataxic and
      dyspneic. These early symptoms were followed by depression and immobility. Prior
      to death, tachypnea and/or convulsions developed. The rats succumbed to
      implantation of toxin within 1 - 7 days; no fatalities occurred at later dates.
      Histologically, the toxin pellets caused necrosis a few days after implantation;
      at a later stage, the necrotic areas were surrounded by inflammatory infiltrates
      around small blood vessels. These morphological changes were limited to the
      application site and were insufficient to explain the lethal effect of
      intracerebral administration. After intracerebral injections of toxin solutions,
      the animals died within 24 h. No marked histological changes could be seen after
      such rapid fatalities.

PMID- 4074128
TI  - Methyl methacrylate induced behavioural and neurochemical changes in rats.
AB  - Methyl methacrylate (MMA), a widely used monomer in the manufacture of acrylic
      polymers, has been reported to cause neurological deficits in industrial workers.
      The effect of MMA on regional brain biogenic amines and their correlation with
      behavioural responses were examined. Male Wistar rats received orally MMA (500
      mg/kg body wt) for 21 consecutive days. Our results indicate that MMA markedly
      impaired locomotor activity and learning, while aggressive behaviour
      significantly increased. An overall enhancement of biogenic amine levels in pons
      medulla and hippocampus was noted. In addition, for noradrenaline an increase in
      cerebral cortex and corpus striatum, for 5-hydroxytryptamine an increase in mid
      brain and hypothalamus and for dopamine a slight decrease in corpus striatum were
      recorded. The changes in regional brain biogenic amine levels may be partly
      responsible for altered behaviour.

PMID- 4074130
TI  - Distribution of 3H-soman in mice.
AB  - 3H-soman (specific activity 10 Ci/mMol), a potent irreversible cholinesterase
      inhibitor, was administered IV to mice in a dose of one LD-50, which corresponds
      to 0.25 mCi/mouse. Animals were sacrificed at 5 min, 2 h and 24 h, and whole body
      autoradiography was performed. High levels of radioactivity in lung and skin were
      observed at all time intervals after injection. The central nervous system showed
      very low concentrations of radioactivity, which remained so for 24 h post
      injection. Considerable accumulation of 3H-soman in the urine and gall-bladder,
      and in the intestinal lumen, may indicate these as pathways of soman excretion.
      Quantitative determinations of radioactivity in various tissue samples were
      consistent with the above-mentioned findings. It is concluded that the nature of
      the persistent binding of soman to lung and skin is striking, and may indicate
      the existence of specific sites for soman depots.

PMID- 4074131
TI  - A test procedure based on ranks for the statistical evaluation of toxicological
      studies.
AB  - For testing the significance of dose-related effects, a test procedure was
      developed for the typical situation in toxicological studies where several dosage
      groups are compared to one control group. Using a closed testing procedure in the
      sense of Marcus et al. (1976), the algorithm is sensitive to the detection of
      toxicological effects without increase in type-one errors. Furthermore, all
      significance tests applied in the algorithm are based on ranks and the
      calculation of the error probability is performed by a random-permutation
      technique (Wall 1974, 1985); the algorithm is therefore also applicable to non
      normally distributed data. In the case of discrete quantities, this technique
      takes into account tie-structures of all kinds (Ludin 1985). An application of
      the proposed test-procedure is given in the work of Kistler and Hummler (1985).

PMID- 4074133
TI  - [The 35th Congress of the Japanese Society of Allergology. September 26-28, 1985,
      Maebashi, Japan. Abstracts].

PMID- 4074132
TI  - Cutaneous acetone depresses aqueous humor ascorbate in guinea pigs.
AB  - The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the concentration of
      ascorbate in the aqueous humor of guinea pigs over a 1-year period following the
      cutaneous application of a potential cataractogenic agent, acetone. Forty young
      guinea pigs received 15 ml acetone in small doses on their backs over a 6-week
      period; the ascorbate in their aqueous humor did not increase above 10 mg/100 ml
      during a 1-year test period. Ten control animals received only saline on their
      backs and the ascorbate concentrations steadily increased from 12 to over 18
      mg/100 ml during the same time period. Three months after acetone treatment 12
      animals (30%) developed cataracts and their ascorbate levels dropped to below 9
      mg/100 ml after 1 year.

PMID- 4074134
TI  - Evidence of reduced atherosclerotic lesions in broad breasted white turkeys
      treated with oxprenolol.
AB  - Male Broad Breasted White Turkeys (BBWT) are naturally hypertensive and prone to
      develop atherosclerosis. Hypertension is characterized by high levels of
      circulating and tissue catecholamines; atherosclerosis affects mainly the aorto
      iliac tract. To evaluate the effect of a beta-blocker on both hypertension and
      atherosclerosis, 2 groups of BBWT were studied. First group: 12 BBWT treated from
      the 8th week of age with daily p.o. placebo; second group: 6BBWT treated from the
      8th week with 2 mg/kg p.o. daily oxprenolol. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate
      (HR) were periodically measured with an indirect method. Seven and 5 BBWT of the
      first group were sacrificed at 24 and 51 weeks respectively. The 6 animals of the
      second group were sacrificed at 51 weeks. No significant difference in mean BP
      and HR values was found between the two groups of animals. On the contrary the
      oxprenolol treated group displayed a significant reduction in extent and severity
      of the atherosclerotic lesions. These results seem to substantiate that
      oxprenolol might positively interfere with the setting of atherosclerosis in
      these animals independently of BP reduction. One possible explanation could be a
      direct effect of oxprenolol on the arterial wall.

PMID- 4074135
TI  - Cholinergic properties of the bronchial artery and contribution of the
      endothelium.
AB  - Using selective agonists and antagonists, both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors
      were identified in the bovine bronchial artery. The helical bronchial artery
      strips contracted to acetylcholine and methacholine and responses to both were
      blocked by atropine. Nicotine contractions were blocked by both atropine and
      hexamethonium. Longitudinal strips responded poorly to both acetylcholine and
      nicotine. Sixty-five percent of pre-contracted bronchial arterial strips with
      intact endothelium relaxed in the presence of low concentrations of acetylcholine
      (1 X 10(-9)M to 1 X 10(-7)M), while those strips without endothelium did not. The
      presence or absence of endothelium was shown histologically, as was the
      identification of cholinergic fibers located in the adventitia and outer layers
      of the tunica media of the bronchial artery. These data confirm the hypothesis of
      vagal innervation of the bronchial artery and also suggest a role for the
      endothelium in modulating this artery's response to acetylcholine stimulation in
      obstructive airway diseases.

PMID- 4074136
TI  - A comparative study on serum lipids and atherosclerotic plaque formation in diet
      induced and familial hypercholesterolemia in rabbits, and the effect of partial
      ileal bypass.
AB  - Aim of the present study was to compare an alimentary and a hereditary rabbit
      model for hypercholesterolemia. Serum lipids, serum lipoproteins and distribution
      and prevention of atherosclerotic plaque formation were studied in (1%)
      cholesterol-fed NZW rabbits and both heterozygous and homozygous WHHL rabbits.
      Cholesterol-fed NZW rabbits showed a hypercholesterolemia without
      hypertriglyceridemia, caused by accumulation of a spectrum of cholesterol ester
      rich beta-migrating lipoproteins with a relatively low density. The WHHL rabbits
      displayed both a hypercholesterolemia with an elevation of LDL, and a
      hypertriglyceridemia. The hypertriglyceridemia in the WHHL homozygotes was due to
      accumulation of VLDL remnants and in the heterozygotes to a slight rise in normal
      pre-beta VLDL. Despite the pronounced quantitative and qualitative differences in
      lipoproteins, the location and extent of atherosclerotic plaques which had
      developed after 13 weeks cholesterol-rich diet in NZW rabbits and in 10 months
      old homozygous WHHL rabbits, was quite similar. Partial ileal bypass surgery
      lowered serum cholesterol in all three groups and also prevented atherogenesis.

PMID- 4074137
TI  - [Comparative analysis of the histological variants of renal cell cancer].
AB  - 85 cases of renal-cell carcinoma are studied histologically, cytologically and
      electron-microscopically. Morphological variant was determined according to the
      classification of N. A. Krayevsky et al. Histological and cytological variants of
      renal-cell carcinoma, differences of the degree of their differentiation are
      shown. Electron-microscopically the cell types characteristic of clear-cell and
      granular-cell variants of a different degree of differentiation are
      distinguished. Similarity of cell ultrastructure in granular-cell, sarcoma-like
      and glandular tumour variants is found. The ultrastructural features of
      nephrocytes and renal tubules in the form of the accumulation of microvilli,
      cytoplasmic membrane invaginations, desmosomes, basal membrane fragments which
      are seen as the markers of the tumour organospecificity were preserved in all
      variants of renal-cell carcinoma studied.

PMID- 4074138
TI  - [Ultrastructure of villous adenomas of the large intestine].
AB  - 7 villous adenomas of the colon from patients of 44 to 63 years are studied
      electron-microscopically. Their cells are shown to preserve the capacity for
      specific differentiation. 4 types of differentiated cells are distinguished and
      changes connected with the processes of structural-functional restructuration are
      described. The existence of two ultrastructural variants of villous adenomas
      depending upon the proportion of differentiated and nondifferentiated cells is
      noted. Prognostic value of these findings is discussed.

PMID- 4074139
TI  - [Young scientists--the future of pathological anatomy].
AB  - The question on the necessity of intensification of efforts of older generation
      scientists, those working at medical and research institutes, scientific
      pathology societies in the preparation and education of young scientific staff is
      raised. Some criteria for the evaluation of such a preparation and educational
      principle based on the deep study by young scientists of The Marxist-Leninist
      philosophy, formation of the communist mentality are discussed. The
      responsibility of leading pathologists of the country and the importance of such
      work is pointed out as those who are young to-day will have to put forward
      pathology at the XXI century.

PMID- 4074140
TI  - [Intimal lipoidosis of the coronary arteries of newborn infants and infants in
      the 1st year of life].
AB  - Post-mortem morphological examination of the coronary arteries in 76 newborns and
      children of the first year of life was performed. Cases of the cardio-vascular
      pathology were not included into the study. Intimal thickening, either diffuse or
      focal, was revealed in 58 cases. The degree and frequency of the diffuse
      thickening of the intima (DTI) were higher in boys. DTI was present predominantly
      in the anterior interventricular artery and much less frequently in the
      circumflexal coronary artery. Intimal lipoidosis was found un 21 cases, with the
      same incidence in both boys and girls, but somewhat more frequently in the right
      coronary artery. Topography of both intimal lipoidosis and DTI was similar. The
      traces of cholesterol, its esters and predominantly neutral fat were defected
      histochemically in the foci of intimal lipoidosis.

PMID- 4074141
TI  - [Myocardial myoglobin in some types of cardiac pathology in the far northeastern
      USSR].
AB  - Immunomorphological and biochemical study of the myoglobin in the myocardium of
      118 males at the age of from 30 to 55 years who died suddenly from coronary
      insufficiency, chronic pulmonary-cardiac insufficiency and from alcoholic
      cardiomyopathy in Magadan and Moscow is described. A decrease of the myoglobin
      concentration is revealed in the myocardium of the practically healthy Magadan
      citizeus as compared to that of moscovites. When the death occurred suddenly
      reduction of the myoglobin content is noted in the left ventricle simultaneously
      with its hypertrophy. It is shown immunomorphologically that myoglobin in the
      cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes is observed in the form of dense foci, granules and
      streaks. The myoglobin concentration tend to the reduction when there was
      hypertrophy of the right ventricle in patients dying from chronic pulmonary
      cardiac insufficiency. Almost two-fold decrease of the myoglobin concentration in
      the left ventricle without its visible hypertrophy was observed in alcoholic
      cardiomyopathy, this may serve as a complementary test in the diagnosis of this
      disease.

PMID- 4074142
TI  - [Pathomorphology of the lungs and microcirculatory bed of the lesser circulation
      in chronic experimental allergic alveolitis].
AB  - Granulomatous lung lesions were produced in rats by 5 intravenous or
      intratracheal injections of the killed BCG suspension as an antigen. On the basis
      of immunocomplex and cell-mediated immunopathological reactions this condition
      may be considered as a chronic allergic form of alveolitis. Granulomas were
      formed along the arteries when the antigen was administered intravenously and
      along the bronchi after its intratracheal administration. In both cases there
      were single granulomas in the alveolar septa interstitium. The microcirculatory
      bed was studied in semithin sections and morphometrically in thick sections after
      impregnation with an Indian ink and 5% gelatin. The alveolar septa capillaries in
      control rats were shown to form a network the parameters ow which rather
      correspond to the "sheet-blow" model (Fung and Sobin, 1969). In chronic allergic
      alveolitis, a reduction of the capillary network develops at the zone of
      granulomatous inflammation while in the relatively normal zone a network type of
      the microcirculatory bed is preformed into the main one with the formation of
      predominant routes of circulation that provide the blood filling of the heart
      cavities.

PMID- 4074143
TI  - [Morphological characteristics of nephrosclerosis of different etiologies].
AB  - Morphology of nephrosclerosis at the early stage of its development is
      characterized by its nosological specificity which is determined by qualitative
      alterations and by the degree of renal structural components involvement into the
      sclerotic process. Complex morphometric assessment allows one to reveal and make
      it objective the morphological differences between nosological variants of
      nephrosclerosis. All the structural renal components equally undergo sclerosis at
      the late stages of nephrosclerosis and this leads to the leveling off the
      nosological specificity in the majority of cases. Arterial hypertension in
      chronic glomerulonephritis and chronic pyelonephritis favours the progressing of
      the nephrosclerosis and leveling off its nosological differences.

PMID- 4074144
TI  - [Current problems in the pathological anatomy of acute neuroinfections in
      children].
AB  - The analysis of the autopsy material of children dying from acute neuroinfections
      in a specialized department of the Research Institute of Children's Infections
      from 1954 to 1984 is presented. The increase of the importance of hypertoxic
      forms of meningococcal infection, purulent meningoencephalitis (particularly
      those of pneumococcal etiology) as well as acute viral encephalitis (particularly
      herpetic ones) is noted at present. The results of the materials studied by the
      author from 182 children dying of those infections at the period from 1971 to
      1984, the problems of their patho- and tanatogenesis are discussed. Special
      attention is drawn to the necessity of considering the type of an etiological
      agent, its properties, the features of tissue response and those of the
      immunological resistance in the brain for the diagnosis and epicritic assessment
      of acute neuroinfections.

PMID- 4074145
TI  - [Ultrastructural analysis of viral and bacterial lesions in human sudden cardiac
      death].
AB  - Sinoatrial node, perinodular working myocardium of the right atrium and
      subendocardial muscle fibers of the left ventricle of 8 persons who died suddenly
      at the age of 23-69 years were studied ultrastructurally. In 1% of working
      cardiomyocytes, in 2 out of 5 cases of sudden cardiac death, viruses were
      detected. Myofibrils were destroyed in the damaged myocytes but the contact zones
      with undamaged myocytes remained intact. Rod-like bacteria were observed in the
      interstitium of the subendocardial myocardium of the left ventricle in one case.
      Destructive changes of the mitochondria, myofibrils and intercalated discs were
      found in the myocytes adjacent to bacteria. Viruses and bacteria were absent in 3
      control cases. The possible role of viruses and bacteria in the development of
      sudden cardiac death is discussed.

PMID- 4074146
TI  - [Pathomorphology of uveitis caused by an echovirus].
AB  - The monkey eyes infested by inoculation into the eye anterior chamber of the ECHO
      19 virus from children with uveitis were studied morphologically. It was
      established electron microscopically that the inoculated virus is replicated in
      the capillary endothelium and stromal cells of the uveal tract. Crystal-like
      accumulation of virions and degenerative changes in the organelles are observed
      in these cells. Acute granulomatous alterative-exudative-hemorrhagic uveitis with
      the destruction of the iris, ciliary body and processes and secondary changes in
      the cornea and crystalline lens with the symptoms of keratitis and cataract
      develop in the anterior part of the eye as observed in the light microscope. The
      anterior and posterior goniosynechia develop. An acute inflammatory process is
      further transformed into a progressing autoimmune inflammation.

PMID- 4074147
TI  - [Effect of blastolysin on the ultrastructure and phagocytic activity of
      peritoneal macrophages].
AB  - Morphology and functional activity of peritoneal macrophages were studied at
      different intervals after the administration of blastolysin to Wistar rats.
      Alteration of the macrophage ultrastructure and their functional activity proving
      the stimulatory effect of the preparation on cells is shown. The signs of
      stimulation were revealed 30 minutes after the administration of the drug,
      reached a maximum on the 7th and 14th days and was manifested by structural
      changes of the cell surface, lysosomal apparatus, mitochondria and by activation
      of phagocytosis.

PMID- 4074148
TI  - [Ultrastructure of squamous epithelium in esophageal dysplasia and squamous cell
      cancer].
AB  - Electron microscopic examination of the oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
      revealed the presence in the tumour of both undifferentiated and differentiated
      squamous cells. Keratinocytes appeared and the signs of keratinization were more
      pronounced in the cytoplasm of differentiated cells. Dysplastic changes were
      observed at the periphery of the primary node. Two main variants of dysplasia
      (dark-cell and clear-cell) were distinguished, this at the ultrastructural level
      being the reflection of the direction of differentiation and the degree of cell
      maturity in the dysplastic foci. With the exception of few cases with a cell
      polymorphism in the foci of a severe dysplasia, dysplastic changes of the
      squamous epithelium were characterized by a monotonous ultrastructural cell
      composition. The dysplastic cells were distinguished by a degree of
      differentiation and high synthetic activity.

PMID- 4074149
TI  - [Metastases of prostatic cancer].
AB  - Among 600 necropsy cases of prostatic carcinoma metastases were found in 425
      (70,8%). Solitary metastasis was found in 11 cases only, in the rest multiple
      metastases were observed. The most frequent site of metastases were lymph nodes
      (42,7%), bone (29,6%), liver (19,8%), lungs (14,5%), pleura (9,2%). Bone
      metastases were most frequently osteoplastic, localized mainly in the vertebral
      column (19,7% of all carcinomas), pelvic bones (8,5%), ribs (8,5%). In 4 out of
      118 cases of metastases to the vertebral column, a pathologic fracture was
      observed, this being much rarer than in metastases of a clear-cell carcinoma of
      the kidney (11,1%) when metastases are generally osteolytic.

PMID- 4074150
TI  - [Histological and ultrastructural characteristics of morphological variants of
      neurilemmoma].
AB  - On the basis of histological and ultrastructural study of 57 neurilemmomas 4 main
      morphological types of tumour are distinguished; with a prevalence of the Antoni
      A type tissue, with a prevalence of the tissue of the transitory zone, prevalence
      of the Antoni B type tissue and a fibrosing variant of neurilemmoma. A variety of
      the morphological variants of neurilemmoma is due to different quantitative
      combination of morphological sings of degeneration and necrosis of tumour cells
      with the organization of the aseptic necrosis of tumour cells with the
      organization of the aseptic necrosis by their replacement with a fibrous tissue.
      The peculiarity of the peripheral nerve blood supply is a premise for the
      development of tumour cell degeneration.

PMID- 4074151
TI  - [Progressive subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (Binswanger's disease)].
AB  - A case of progressing subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (Binswanger's
      disease) in a female of 91 is described; the patient suffered from hypertension
      with cerebral crises for 40 years. The mechanism of vascular-cerebral
      insufficiency in the pathogenesis of multiple small foci of complete or
      incomplete necrosis in various parts of white matter of the cerebral hemisphere
      characteristic for this disease which is rarely described by pathologists is
      discussed.

PMID- 4074152
TI  - [Pathologicoanatomic diagnosis of alcoholism].
AB  - Using their own and literature data the authors describe morphological
      alterations of the brain, heart, lungs, liver, stomach, pancreas and kidneys with
      the aim of the pathology diagnosis of chronic alcoholism and other types of
      alcoholic intoxication. The approximate diagnoses in various types of alcoholic
      intoxication are given as well as some rules of the pathology diagnosis coding.

PMID- 4074153
TI  - [Teratoma].
AB  - The current concepts of the histogenesis of teratoma and criteria for the
      morphological diagnostics of its histological variants recommended by the WHO
      International Histological Classification of Tumours are presented.

PMID- 4074154
TI  - [Lymphogranulomatosis in children].
AB  - Analysis of primary biopsies of the lymph nodes from 284 children with
      lymphogranulomatosis is presented allowing one to reveal the peculiarities of
      patients' distribution according to sex in different age groups, and certain
      quantitative correlations between histologic variants of the disease depending
      upon the age and sex. These features of the children's lymphogranulomatosis are
      most likely to be connected with the properties of the lymphoid system of the
      given age period during which its final formation, full maturation and initial
      stages of involution, take place.

PMID- 4074155
TI  - [Undifferentiated basal cell cancer of the skin (the ultrastructural and
      histochemical aspects of its histogenesis and diagnosis)].
AB  - Twenty-eight undifferentiated basal-cell carcinomas were studied electron
      microscopically and histochemically. It is established that the cells of which
      the tumours are formed, retain a number of tissue- and cell-specific features of
      the epidermis and skin appendages cells. 4 groups of undifferentiated basal-cell
      carcinoma are distinguished on the basis of this study that histogenetically are
      connected with the cells of epidermis, hair follicle, secretory parts of the
      eccrine sweat or sebaceous glands respectively.

PMID- 4074156
TI  - [Ultrastructural variants of the cellular composition of human pulmonary
      adenocarcinomas].
AB  - Fifty-four lung adenocarcinomas of various degrees of differentiation were
      studied electron microscopically. Two groups of cells-differentiated, with the
      ultrastructural organ- and tissue-specific features, and undifferentiated,
      without such ultrastructural features were distinguished as a result of this
      study. Differentiated tumour cells may have ultrastructural features of
      pneumocytes II (osmiophilic membranous bodies), goblet cells and serous cells
      (mucous or serous granules), cylindrical cells (microvilli, cilia), squamous
      epithelium (tonofibrils, desmosomes) and possibly endocrine type cells (endocrine
      secretory granules) and pneumocytes I (pinocytotic vesicles). The quantitative
      correlation between differentiated and undifferentiated cells significantly
      varies with adenocarcinomas, in some tumours only undifferentiated cells being
      present. One or several cell types may be found in one tumour. There is a
      correlation between the degree of tumour differentiation at the histologic and
      ultrastructural level.

PMID- 4074157
TI  - [Comparative electron microscopic study of cancer cell differentiation in the
      primary tumor and the metastases].
AB  - Comparative ultrastructural analysis of primary carcinomas of the lung, mammary
      gland, colon, stomach and some other sites and their metastases into the lymph
      nodes and inner organs is presented. It is established that the main
      ultrastructural specific features of differentiation typical for the cells of
      primary tumours are, as a rule, retained in their metastases to various organs
      and tissues. Carcinoma cells in the metastases repeat most frequently (81% of
      cases) the types of differentiation of a primary tumour. However, the reduction
      of a number of differentiated cell types (5%) or appearance of a new
      ultrastructural cell type (14%) may be found in the secondary tumour deposits.
      Besides, the retention (74%), decrease (10%) or increase (16%) of the degree of
      differentiation may be observed in metastases as compared to the primary tumour.
      The data obtained may be the ground for a proper identification of malignant
      tumours on the basis of the electron microscopic study of their metastasis.

PMID- 4074158
TI  - [Electron microscopy in the diagnosis of soft tissue angiogenic tumors].
AB  - Thirteen angiogenic tumours of soft tissues (benign and malignant variants of
      these neoplasms) were studied electron microscopically. The data obtained
      indicate that an electron microscopic examination allows performing differential
      diagnosis within the group of angiogenic tumours and distinguishing them from the
      neoplasms of other histogenesis.

PMID- 4074159
TI  - [Prognostic significance of the morphological traits of skin melanoma of the head
      and neck].
AB  - Histologic slides of a primary tumour from 146 patients with the skin melanoma of
      the head or neck treated only surgically were studied. The significance of
      different histologic criteria in prognosis of life and metastasis was evaluated
      by means of unifactorial statistical analysis. The thickness of a tumour, its
      invasiveness and histologic type are the most informative morphological criteria.
      The unifactorial analysis allows foreseeing the appearance of metastasis and
      lethal outcome in 20 to 46% of cases. Multifactorial analysis permits predicting
      the appearance of metastasis within 3 years in 76,8% of cases and in 85,3% of
      cases within 5 years.

PMID- 4074160
TI  - [Neurinoma with peritoneal dissemination].
AB  - A rare observation cellular neurinoma in a female of 62 is described, with a
      primary site of tumour in the mesenterium of the small bowel, recurrence of the
      disease 4 years after and peritoneal dissemination. In all nodes the tumour
      consisted of monomorphic cells forming twisting and palisade-like structures, few
      mitotic figures were seen. There were no signs of cell polymorphism. Electron
      microscopic examination revealed a cell structure characteristic of neurinoma'
      multiple complex cell processes containing single organelles, accumulations of
      microfilaments, collagen with a high periodicity (Luse-type bodies) as well as
      annular lamellar structures.

PMID- 4074161
TI  - [Giant cell tumor of the lumbar vertebra].
AB  - A rare observation of the lumbar vertebra giant-cell tumour with growth into the
      surrounding soft tissue in a girl of 12, is described. It is pointed out that
      only radical surgical intervention is required for the treatment of giant-cell
      tumours, with subsequent replacement of the bone defect with an auto- or
      allotransplant. The authors state that one cannot judge the malignant course of
      the tumour basing on the histological picture only. Therefore the subdividing
      giant-cell tumours into "benign" and "malignant" is largely formal.

PMID- 4074162
TI  - [International scientific relations of the Department of Pathological Anatomy of
      Human Tumors of the All-Union Cancer Research Center of the Academy of Medical
      Sciences of the USSR].

PMID- 4074163
TI  - [Abstracts of communications at the 41st Brazilian Congress of Cardiology].

PMID- 4074164
TI  - Glove-wrapper 'contact lens' for light reduction during cataract surgery.

PMID- 4074165
TI  - Tenuous ocular perfusion from orthostatic hypotension associated with diabetic
      neuropathy.

PMID- 4074166
TI  - A method to locate the silicone oil-aqueous humor interface.

PMID- 4074167
TI  - Iris ischemia following surgery on two rectus muscles.

PMID- 4074168
TI  - The plaintiff's attorney's point of view.

PMID- 4074169
TI  - How to defend yourself in an ophthalmic malpractice suit.

PMID- 4074170
TI  - The correlation between intraocular pressure and refractive status.
AB  - A comprehensive glaucoma screening of residents of three urban areas in southern
      Israel, aged 40 years and above, was performed between 1982 and 1984. Among other
      factors tested, intraocular pressure (IOP) and refractive status were recorded
      and the association between them was analyzed. Information on both factors was
      available in 2,403 (4,821 eyes) of the 2,594 persons participating. There were
      significantly more myopes among persons with IOPs of more than 20 mm Hg than with
      lower IOPs. Mean IOP increased gradually from 14.19 mm Hg in hypermetropes to
      16.00 mm Hg among high myopes. Furthermore, the association between refractive
      status and IOP was stronger among Jews of North African or Asian origin than
      among Jews of European origin.

PMID- 4074171
TI  - Volume displacement of scleral buckles.
AB  - Indentation of the eye wall by a scleral buckle displaces volume from the
      vitreous cavity. We developed a mathematical formula to calculate the volume
      displacement caused by a scleral buckle and verified the accuracy of this
      mathematical model by performing scleral buckles in 21 cadaver eyes and three
      eyes undergoing retinal reattachment surgery. A single 5-mm radial sponge of
      moderate height displaces about 0.2 mL of fluid and a circumferential 2.5-mm-wide
      band of moderate height displaces about 0.5 mL of fluid. Larger circumferential
      tires of 7- to 10-mm width displace 1.1 to 1.8 mL of fluid, depending on the
      height and configuration of the scleral buckle. A 7- to 10-mm-wide
      circumferential scleral buckle with a buckle height of 4 mm may displace up to
      45% of the volume of the vitreous cavity. This volume displacement should be
      considered when injecting expansile gases or pharmacologic agents into the
      vitreous cavity.

PMID- 4074172
TI  - The retinal manifestations of mitochondrial myopathy. A study of 22 cases.
AB  - In a series of 61 patients with the morphologic and histochemical features of
      mitochondrial myopathy, 22 (36%) had pigmentary retinopathy. Three patterns of
      retinopathy were identified. Eighteen patients had a "salt and pepper" type of
      retinal appearance, which was usually associated with good visual function. Two
      had many features of retinitis pigmentosa, and two others showed generalized
      loss, or atrophy, of the retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris. These
      last four patients had markedly reduced visual acuities, with optic atrophy and
      attenuated retinal vessels. Electroretinography and electro-oculography were
      performed in 11 patients. Both rod and cone mediated electroretinographic
      functions were subnormal in eight patients, while only cone mediated functions
      were depressed in the remaining three. The electro-oculographic changes were
      variable.

PMID- 4074173
TI  - Risk factors of branch retinal vein occlusion.
AB  - A case-control study of 225 patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO)
      and 100 age-matched controls was conducted to assess potential clinical risk
      factors for BRVO. Male gender, hypertension, and hyperopia were significantly
      more prevalent in patients with BRVO. There was no significant association with
      race, diabetes, or chronic open-angle glaucoma.

PMID- 4074174
TI  - Medullated nerve fibers. A sign of multiple basal cell nevi (Gorlin's) syndrome.
AB  - Four patients had Gorlin's (or basal cell nevi) syndrome and pronounced
      medullated nerve fibers. The medullation is an additional ophthalmic
      manifestation of Gorlin's syndrome, which is autosomally dominant and noted for
      its variable expressivity.

PMID- 4074176
TI  - Binocular luminance summation in infants. A test for stereopsis?
AB  - The difference in pupil diameter between monocular and binocular viewing
      conditions has been found to be significantly different in human infants at an
      age of onset that is positively correlated with the age of onset for stereopsis.
      We attempted to use this information on binocular luminance summation (BLS) to
      devise a simple objective test using a direct ophthalmoscope in a modified two
      part swinging-flashlight test. We evaluated 67 subjects with varying degrees of
      known heterotropia ranging in age from 16 hours to 20 years in an effort to
      determine a threshold measure of stereo-acuity or degree of heterotropia at which
      the test result might reproducibly change. We found BLS to be normally absent
      until about 4 months of age. All subjects older than 4 months manifested
      summation regardless of the extent of heterotropia, thus making our test
      unusable. We conclude that BLS is more than an ipsilateral consensual pupillary
      response, and we concur with others that these visual pathways must undergo
      maturation beyond the time of birth.

PMID- 4074175
TI  - HLA-Bw54 and glaucomatocyclitic crisis.
AB  - Twenty-two Japanese patients with glaucomatocyclitic crisis were typed for HLA-A,
      HLA-B, and HLA-C antigens to detect the immunogenetic factors in this disease. It
      was shown that HLA-Bw54 was present in nine (41%) of 22 patients, a significant
      increase even after correcting the P value for the number of antigens studied.
      The haplotype frequency of HLA-Bw54-Cw1 showed a significant association, and it
      was not due to linkage disequilibrium in the Japanese. Our results suggest that
      immunogenetic factors closely associated with the major histocompatibility
      complex may play an important role in the pathogenesis of glaucomatocyclitic
      crisis.

PMID- 4074177
TI  - Progression of congenital anterior polar cataracts in childhood.
AB  - We studied five patients with the unusual and insidious progression of congenital
      anterior polar cataracts during childhood. All five children ultimately required
      surgery. In two children the progressive opacification occurred in posterior
      portions of the lens and was inapparent to parents. We therefore recommend a
      regular and careful follow-up of all children with anterior polar cataracts.

PMID- 4074178
TI  - Endothelial cells release a chemoattractant for retinal pigment epithelial cells
      in vitro.
AB  - Though the pathogenesis of choroidal neovascular membranes is uncertain, there is
      evidence to support a primary dysfunction in the retinal pigment epithelium
      (RPE). This suggests the possibility that a healthy RPE may provide a physical
      and/or chemical barrier to subretinal endothelial cell invasion. It has recently
      been shown that RPE cells in culture produce an inhibitor of neovascularization.
      Histopathologic evidence suggests that RPE cells tend to surround new blood
      vessels and contain them. We therefore investigated the possibility that RPE
      cells are guided toward endothelial cells by chemoattractants. Using a modified
      Boyden chamber technique, we showed that endothelial cells in culture produce a
      chemoattractant for RPE cells. The active component is trypsin sensitive, stable
      at extremes of pH (3 through 10), and nondialyzable (12,000- to 14,000-dalton
      cutoff). It is partially heat stable but becomes completely heat stable in the
      presence of 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. These are all characteristics of the
      previously described endothelial cell-derived growth factor, suggesting that this
      mitogen might be the chemoattractant. The ability of RPE cells to be attracted to
      sites of new blood vessel formation may enhance their potential function as
      inhibitors of neovascularization.

PMID- 4074179
TI  - Simultaneous external subretinal fluid drainage and intravitreal gas injection.
AB  - Simultaneous external subretinal fluid drainage and intravitreal gas injection
      was performed in 12 patients requiring a large or near-total internal gas
      tamponade (eight eyes with proliferative vitreo-retinopathy following vitrectomy
      and four eyes without proliferative vitreoretinopathy that had not undergone
      vitrectomy). None of the patients had a preexisting or intentional posterior
      retinal break. The retina was attached six or more months postoperatively in nine
      of the 12 patients. In one patient, an iatrogenic retinal break occurred without
      retinal incarceration. In selected cases, this procedure is an alternative to
      internal fluid-gas exchange through a posterior retinal break, thus avoiding the
      necessary postoperative facedown position, which is difficult for some patients
      to maintain. This method may also be used for preventing "fish-mouthed" retinal
      breaks in selected cases.

PMID- 4074180
TI  - Interaction between mucociliary transport and the ciliary beat of chicken nasal
      mucosa.
AB  - We studied the relationship between the mucociliary transport time and the
      ciliary beat frequency in the chicken nares following water deprivation and
      topical administrations of cocaine, atropine, and Newcastle disease virus (NDV).
      Dehydration produced progressive decelerations of mucociliary flow but not
      ciliary beat frequency. In vivo 5% cocaine resulted in decreased sinus
      mucociliary transport time, while application of 20% cocaine to in vitro tissues
      caused ciliary paralysis within 5 min. Topical atropine was seen to affect both
      mucociliary flow and the ciliary beat frequency. NDV infection induced
      deceleration of the turbinate clearance time after 72 h, but did not change
      ciliary beat frequency. By day 12, mucociliary flow remained unchanged although
      ciliary beat frequency decreased significantly. Our results support the general
      concept that mucus is more important than are the cilia in normal nasal
      mucociliary function.

PMID- 4074181
TI  - The allergen quick test: a simple allergy test to prove existing sensitization.
AB  - We have developed a new method of allergy skin test. The main advantages of the
      allergen quick test (AQT) are its simple and rapid procedure and its usefulness
      in screening trials for everyday clinical practice. The equipment consists of a
      disposable test applicator which is pre-loaded with the allergen solution to be
      tested. The AQT was used on 3800 subjects in a screening trial, and has been
      performed by several ENT specialists in their clinical practices since 1979.
      Evaluation of the results obtained confirms that this developed method is safe,
      easy to use, and accurate.

PMID- 4074182
TI  - Manifestation of allergic rhinitis in latent-sensitized patients. A prospective
      study.
AB  - In a prospective study of allergic rhinitis in latent-sensitized young patients,
      114 children were observed over a period of 4 years. At the beginning of the
      study, all patients were found to be sensitive to inhalant allergens but without
      any signs of clinical manifestations. Each patient's rhinologic and allergic
      status was checked in yearly follow-up examinations to determine the incidence of
      allergic rhinitis becoming clinically apparent and to define special risk
      characteristics. During the period of observation, 53% of the children developed
      manifest allergic rhinitis, while an additional 5% developed clinical symptoms of
      allergic bronchial asthma. Patients who showed monovalent sensitivity formed a
      special risk group, especially if they were sensitized to pollen. A continuously
      increasing serum IgE titer, increased concentrations of specific IgE, and skin
      tests were used as prognostic criteria to predict imminent clinical
      manifestations.

PMID- 4074183
TI  - Caliber of the lumen of the eustachian tube pre-isthmus in infants and children.
AB  - We measured the eustachian tubes in temporal bones taken from infants and
      children. These specimens included eustachian tubes from 35 normal temporal bones
      and 13 temporal bones containing acute and secretory otitis media. All temporal
      bones were serially sectioned for histological studies. The lumen of the third
      portion of each eustachian tube (i.e., the pre-isthmus or the physiological
      isthmus) was measured with the aid of a grid mounted on a microscope. These
      measurements showed: (1) the eustachian tube lumen grows and enlarges to a small
      degree with age; (2) each age group has a considerable variation in the size of
      the lumen which is compatible with natural biological distribution; (3) no
      statistical differences were found in the size of the pre-isthmus lumina of those
      eustachian tubes from temporal bones showing acute or secretory otitis media when
      compared with the lumina of eustachian tubes in non-pathological ears.

PMID- 4074184
TI  - Autonomic innervation of interstitial cells in the nasal respiratory mucosa.
AB  - We analyzed the microscopic innervations of the pars respiratoria of the nasal
      mucosa in humans, cats, and rabbits. To this end, the techniques of Jabonero,
      Champy-Maillet, and Koelle-Friedenwald were employed to detect specific
      acetylcholinesterase activity. The supremum colli ganglion was also removed from
      cats in order to observe any tissue changes produced. Using our histochemical
      techniques, we were able to demonstrate for the first time that Cajal's
      interstitial cells in the nasal mucosa are acetylcholinesterase-positive. These
      cells also appear to be totally integrated into the structure of the terminal
      vegetative neural formations. Additionally, the fibers surrounding these cells
      were found to show early degeneration after experimental cervical sympathectomies
      had been performed.

PMID- 4074185
TI  - Pseudomonas labyrinthitis.
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the gram-negative bacterial rod which is often isolated
      from chronic aural discharge. This microorganism may also cause necrotizing
      infection of the external auditory canal in certain patients with impaired host
      defense mechanisms. Involvement of the inner ear by this microbe is extremely
      rare. In this communication, we report a case of pseudomonas labyrinthitis which
      resulted from traumatic middle ear injury. Infection produced massive
      granulations and extensive bone destruction of the otic capsule. This case shows
      that while P.aeruginosa is usually an avirulent opportunistic pathogen, it may
      also cause a highly destructive labyrinthitis if the inner ear is entered.

PMID- 4074186
TI  - The influence of moderate-intensity noise on the click-evoked compound action
      potential of the guinea pig, Cavia porcellus.
AB  - Noise-induced alterations of the click-evoked compound potential (CAP) were
      studied by means of electrodes chronically implanted near the round window in 15
      pigmented guinea pigs aged 3-6 months. The potentials were recorded before,
      during and after exposure to continuous pink noise maintained at an intensity of
      80, 90 or 100 dB SPL for 120 h. During the exposure phase the CAP thresholds of
      all the animals tested increased exponentially, nearly leveling out by
      approximately 48 h to form an asymptotic threshold shift. Recovery after the end
      of exposure also occurred exponentially, with a return to the original threshold
      for neural excitation after at most 72 h. There was no detectable change in
      amplitude, latency or inter-peak interval of the CAP when correlated with the
      change in threshold.

PMID- 4074187
TI  - Hair cell differentiation following tissue interactions for induction of otocyst
      morphogenesis.
AB  - The 12th-12.5th gestational day inner ear otocyst from the CBA/CBA mouse was
      explanted to organ culture with and without surrounding mesenchyme. One group of
      otocysts from which the mesenchyme had been removed was cultured in conditioned
      medium (i.e., medium in which mesenchyme alone had been cultured but had been
      removed prior to explantation of the "stripped" otocyst, without adjacent
      mesenchyme). Morphogenesis was good in organ cultures with preserved mesenchyme,
      acceptable in "stripped" otocysts cultured in conditioned medium, but very poor
      (or even lacking) in specimens deprived of mesenchyme and cultured in normal
      medium. In the two latter groups, only a small number of hair cells were
      identified. Although morphogenesis can be induced in specimens initially deprived
      of adjacent mesenchyme, a normal tissue relationship seems essential for
      cytodifferentiation of a normal number of hair cells.

PMID- 4074188
TI  - On binaural beats.
AB  - Binaural beats have been investigated in normal volunteers using high-stable
      synthesizers. There are considerable differences between the subjective rhythm
      heard and the difference of the two frequencies, indicating that this
      dissimilarity must be caused centrally.

PMID- 4074189
TI  - Ultrastructure of Kaposi's sarcoma in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
AB  - We used electron microscopy to examine the ultrastructural morphology of Kaposi's
      sarcoma (KS) of the oral mucosa in patients with acquired immune deficiency
      syndrome (AIDS). The tumors manifested endothelial vascular proliferation and
      neoplastic spindle cell formations. The endothelial tumor cells contained several
      multivesicular bodies and a large number of tubuloreticular structures within the
      endoplasmic reticulum. Ultrastructural changes in the other cytoplasmic
      organelles included defective cell junctions that seemed to facilitate the
      migration and extravasation of erythrocytes through endothelial gaps, after which
      erythrophagocytosis occurred. Tumor cells contained viral particles which were
      100-120 nm in diameter and contained dense cylindrical cores. We believe that
      this is the first time these particles have been identified in KS cells of the
      oral mucosa in patients with AIDS. These viral particles are also
      ultrastructurally identical to the human T-cell lymphotropic retroviruses
      subgroup HTLV-III. Our observations are discussed in the light of recent
      immunological findings.

PMID- 4074190
TI  - Sclerotic changes around the endolymphatic sac in human temporal bones.
AB  - We used light microscopy to study 87 human temporal bones (from 47 cases) with no
      known otological disorders, and found that certain cases had sclerotic changes
      around the endolymphatic duct and sac. Changes included fibrosis, hyalinization,
      psammoma formation, and thickened vascular walls. The findings were subjected to
      statistical analysis, which indicated that most of the changes could be
      positively correlated with increases in age.

PMID- 4074191
TI  - Occlusion of inner ear vessels by magnetic forces applied to circulating metallic
      iron particles.
AB  - We describe a method for the photometric assay of the content of carbonyl iron
      powder in the blood and discuss a process comparing the in vitro effects of bar
      magnets on flowing carbonyl iron powder suspensions. We have used this method
      experimentally on laboratory animals and have induced thrombosis of inner ear
      vessels with magnetic forces following injections of the carbonyl iron powder.

PMID- 4074192
TI  - Preliminary electrophysiological data after the obliteration of cochlear blood
      vessels by the action of a magnetic field on circulating iron particles.
AB  - In order to develop an experimental model for studying local disturbances of the
      inner ear microcirculation we conducted a series of experiments using small iron
      particles. Suspensions of iron were infused into the carotid artery of a
      tracheotomized guinea pig, after which a magnetic force was applied to the basal
      part of the cochlea. The cochlear microphonics were measured every 10 min over a
      frequency range from 200 Hz to 10 000 Hz. The amplitude of the cochlear
      microphonic decreased with this decrease dependent on the time after the
      application of the magnet. We then found that this amplitude was up to 30 dB less
      after 110 min. We were able to demonstrate histologically that the thrombosis
      induced by the iron particles blocks the circulation of the inner ear and results
      in a loss of its function.

PMID- 4074193
TI  - Effects of irradiation on the ciliary activity of the eustachian tube and the
      middle ear mucosa.
AB  - Radiation-induced changes in the ciliary activity of the eustachian tube and
      middle ear mucosa were investigated in a laboratory model. Twenty-four guinea
      pigs were sacrificed, and a mucosa at the bony portion of each eustachian tube
      and from the middle ear proximal and distal to the tube were sampled. The mucosal
      samples were irradiated with 200 kV hard X-rays discretely at a dosage level of
      0.5-30.0 Gy, and the induced changes in ciliary activity were expressed as a
      percent deviation from baseline levels before irradiation. The present study
      demonstrates that the cilia of the eustachian tube and middle ear mucosa show
      different reactions to irradiation according to their tympanic locations.

PMID- 4074194
TI  - Platelet and megakaryocyte changes in cholesterol-induced experimental
      atherosclerosis.
AB  - Rabbits were fed either 2 g cholesterol in 10 ml olive oil daily with normal diet
      (n = 5) or normal diet alone (n = 5). After 12 weeks, the cholesterol-fed animals
      had developed fatty plaques involving 24% +/- 4% of the surface area of the
      aorta; the control animals had none. Mean platelet volume was significantly
      smaller (p less than 0.04) in the cholesterol-fed animals (4.1 +/- 0.3 fl)
      compared with the controls (4.8 +/- 0.4 fl). The heterogeneity of the average
      volume distributions of the two groups, characterized by the statistical
      parameters of the coefficient of variation, skewness, and kurtosis, was also
      significantly different. Platelet count was significantly higher (p less than
      0.001) in the cholesterol-fed group (7.48 +/- 1.06 x 10(11) platelets/liter
      blood) compared to the control group (4.86 +/- 0.60 x 10(11) platelets/liter
      blood). Mean megakaryocyte cytoplasmic volume was significantly larger (p less
      than 0.001) in the cholesterol-fed rabbits (12,262 +/- 1485 fl) compared with
      controls (6,814 +/- 761 fl). The range of cytoplasmic volumes was also
      significantly increased in the cholesterol-fed rabbits. A significant (p less
      than 0.01) increase in mean megakaryocyte nuclear volume in the cholesterol-fed
      animals was accompanied by a nonsignificant increase in mean nuclear DNA content:
      30.2 +/- 3.7 N compared with a control value of 23.6 +/- 4.0 N. This evidence
      indicates that a high cholesterol diet in rabbits is associated with changes in
      platelet production from megakaryocytes as well with as the development of
      atherosclerosis.

PMID- 4074195
TI  - Kinetic mechanisms determining variability in low density lipoprotein levels and
      rise with age.
AB  - Levels of plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL) vary among individuals at any
      given age and frequently rise with increasing age. Both production rates and
      fractional clearance rates (FCRs) of LDL theoretically could affect the plasma
      levels of LDL. To evaluate the relative importance of these two factors, turnover
      rates of LDL apoprotein (apoLDL) were determined in two groups: 19 young adult
      men aged 23 to 29 years and 15 middle-aged men aged 40 to 60 years. Results were
      compared to a group of six healthy young adults (aged 22 to 28 years) who we
      previously studied and who were on a cholesterol-lowering diet. In both groups in
      the current study, a diet resembling the average American diet was consumed, and
      LDL levels ranged from low-to-high normal. On average, the 19 young adult men had
      lower levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol than did the middle-aged
      men. The younger men also had significantly higher FCRs and lower production
      rates of apoLDL. When data from all subjects were pooled, apoLDL levels were
      negatively and significantly correlated with FCRs and positively and
      significantly correlated with production rates. Similar relations were found with
      LDL cholesterol levels. These results show that both FCRs and production rates of
      apoLDL are important regulators of plasma LDL levels; the correlation suggests
      that the FCR is more influential at lower LDL concentrations, and that production
      rates are more influential at higher LDL concentrations.

PMID- 4074197
TI  - Quantitative ultrastructural analysis of perifibrous lipid and its association
      with elastin in nonatherosclerotic human aorta.
AB  - Nonatherosclerotic areas in human arteries display an age-related accumulation of
      cholesteryl ester in the form of small, perifibrous lipid droplets in the deeper
      intimal layers. We treated human aortic specimens with an osmium
      thiocarbohydrazide-osmium sequence en bloc after glutaraldehyde fixation in order
      to provide electron dense staining of neutral lipid for ultrastructural study.
      Neutral lipid was quantified in terms of area fractions on thin sections.
      Extracellular lipid, primarily in the form of small (less than 300 nm) droplets,
      accounted for 91% of the lipid found in the deep intimal region. Seventy-four
      percent of extracellular lipid appeared in droplets or aggregates that were
      demonstrated as adjacent to or within elastic fibers in the plane of section. The
      fraction of lipid adjacent to elastin in three dimensions is likely to be
      considerably higher than 74%. The results support the concept that an interaction
      between elastin or its associated components and lipids or lipoproteins may be
      important in extracellular lipid deposition in human arteries.

PMID- 4074196
TI  - Effects of fenofibrate on bile lipid composition.
AB  - In humans, clofibrate increases the degree of bile cholesterol saturation and
      predisposes patients to cholesterol gallstone formation. To determine if this
      activity extends to the related hypolipidemic agent fenofibrate, duodenal bile
      lipid composition was studied in 15 subjects before they participated in a double
      blind study of that drug. Eight subjects were studied again on fenofibrate and
      six on placebo; five placebo patients were also studied later on open-label
      fenofibrate. The results were similar in the double-blind and open-label studies,
      and changes in bile lipid composition were comparable to those seen in studies of
      clofibrate. Fenofibrate caused a significant decrease in the molar percentage of
      bile acids and increases in the molar percentage of phospholipids and
      cholesterol. The changes in bile acids and phospholipids had opposing effects on
      the cholesterol-holding capacity of bile. A statistically significant increase in
      the cholesterol saturation index was only apparent when all fenofibrate bile
      analyses were compared with all untreated bile analyses. The results demonstrated
      that fenofibrate has clear effects on bile lipid composition that may be
      associated with an increased propensity for gallstone formation, and when
      fenofibrate is used, patients should be monitored for this possibility.

PMID- 4074198
TI  - Association of low HDL and HDL2 cholesterol with coronary heart disease in
      noninsulin-dependent diabetics.
AB  - Lipids and lipoproteins were measured in 139 men and 145 women who were
      noninsulin-dependent diabetics (NIDDs) aged 45 to 64 years. Of these, 27 men and
      16 women had had a previous definite myocardial infarction (MI). The NIDDs with
      MI (MI+) showed lower values of HDL and HDL2 cholesterol concentrations than
      NIDDs without previous MI (MI-) or NIDDS without any symptoms or
      electrocardiographic signs of coronary heart disease (CHD-). The inverse
      relationship between HDL, HDL2, and CHD was evident in both sexes, but it was
      particularly strong among male NIDDs. The difference in HDL and HDL2 cholesterol
      concentrations between the MI+ and MI- groups or between the MI+ and CHD- groups
      persisted after adjustment by analysis of covariance for the effect of physical
      activity, alcohol intake, obesity, duration of diabetes, and glycemic control. It
      is concluded that in a cross-sectional study, even among NIDDs with generally low
      HDL and HDL2 cholesterol concentrations, the presence of CHD is associated with a
      further depression of HDL and HDL2 cholesterol levels. Prospective studies are
      needed, however, to confirm that the association is predictive and not a
      consequence of CHD.

PMID- 4074199
TI  - Estrogen-mediated cytoplasmic and nuclear distribution of rat cardiovascular
      estrogen receptors.
AB  - We used either the synthetic estrogen R2858 (moxestrol) or estradiol-17 beta to
      characterize estrogen receptors in cytoplasmic (R2858) and nuclear (estradiol-17
      beta) preparations from rat aorta and myocardium. Relative steroid specificity
      studies showed that only estrogens were effective inhibitors of R2858 or
      estradiol-17 beta binding to aortic and myocardial estrogen receptors, whereas
      androgens, progestins, and cortisol were ineffective inhibitors. Low ionic
      strength sucrose density gradient analyses showed that myocardial estrogen
      receptors that localized in the cytoplasmic fraction migrated as macromolecules
      with sedimentation coefficients of 8S to 9S. In contrast, two binding components
      of sedimentation coefficients 8S to 9S and 10S to 11S were characteristic of the
      estrogen receptors localized in aortic cytoplasmic preparations. High ionic
      strength sucrose density gradient analysis showed that aortic and myocardial
      estrogen receptors localized in the nuclear fraction migrated as macromolecules
      with sedimentation coefficients of 4S to 6S. Saturation analyses showed that
      aortic and myocardial cytoplasmic preparations from intact young mature male rats
      contained 50.6 +/- 12.9 (mean +/- SD) and 51.0 +/- 14.1 fmol receptor/mg DNA,
      respectively. The respective R2858 dissociation constants were 0.42 and 0.15 nM.
      Estrogen receptors could not be demonstrated in nuclear preparations from
      cardiovasculature of intact males. Estradiol-17 beta injection of intact young
      mature male rats caused "depletion" of aortic and myocardial cytoplasmic fraction
      estrogen receptors and resulted in the appearance of 51.9 +/- 21.0 and 36.9 +/-
      9.5 fmol receptor/mg DNA in the corresponding nuclear fractions. The respective
      estradiol-17 beta dissociation constants were 1.56 and 0.71 nM. Increased
      estrogen receptor content of cardiovascular nuclear fractions of estradiol-17
      beta injected male rats correlated well with the concomitant decreased
      cytoplasmic fraction receptor content. The ability of estradiol-17 beta to affect
      localization of cardiovascular estrogen receptors between cytoplasmic and nuclear
      fractions suggests these estrogen receptors are physiologically functional and
      indicates that estrogen may directly regulate cardiovascular cell function.

PMID- 4074200
TI  - Anaesthesia safety and the "critical incident" technique.

PMID- 4074201
TI  - Survey of hospital quality assurance activities in internal medicine. Report to
      Board of Continuing Education, 1984. The Continuing Education Centre of the Royal
      Australasian College of Physicians.

PMID- 4074202
TI  - Report of the Criteria Committee on tonsillectomy audit March, 1985.

PMID- 4074203
TI  - Peer review in the allocation of university research funds.

PMID- 4074204
TI  - Surveying patient opinion.

PMID- 4074205
TI  - Preparing for nursing home accreditation. Interview by Barbara Anderson.

PMID- 4074206
TI  - Stomal recurrence--etiologic factors and prevention.
AB  - Out of a total of 340 laryngectomies performed in the Department of
      Otorhinolaryngology at Kobe University Hospital from 1969 to 1982, there were 20
      stomal recurrences. In the preoperative tracheostomy group, 6 out of 52 patients
      (11.5%) developed stomal recurrence compared to 14 out of 288 (4.9%) in the
      operative tracheostomy group. Of these 20 stomal recurrences, 7 were supraglottic
      with 1 subglottic extension, 9 were glottic with 8 subglottic extensions, and 4
      were primary subglottic cancers. The mean interval between the laryngectomy and
      stomal recurrence was 16 months and ranged from 20 days to 55 months after
      laryngectomy. We analyzed our series together with recent material which had been
      subjected to pretracheal and paratracheal lymphatic dissection. Reports from the
      literature were also used. Tumor cell inoculation in the tracheostomy wound and
      persistent pretracheal and paratracheal lymph node lesion are the two most likely
      major etiologic factors. The above evaluation leads us to propose the following
      preventive measures: 1) thorough irrigation of the wound following the removal of
      the larynx, 2) complete excision of the tracheostomy tract for preoperatively
      tracheostomized patients, 3) pretracheal and paratracheal lymphatic dissection
      for subglottic lesion, 4) in the above cases, laryngectomy should be followed by
      peristomal radiotherapy.

PMID- 4074207
TI  - Laryngeal lymphangioma--case report.
AB  - Laryngeal lymphangioma is extremely rare. We have been able to find only
      seventeen cases reported in world literature. We recently, treated a patient
      suffering from laryngeal lymphangioma in our department. The female patient, aged
      36, complained of hoarseness for several months. Indirect laryngoscopy revealed a
      growth on her right false vocal cord. Under general anesthesia, tracheostomy and
      laryngofissure were performed for removal of this neoplasm. The tumor was
      microscopically diagnosed as lymphangioma. The symptoms disappeared after surgery
      and there has been no recurrence. The pertinent literature on this rare disease
      is reviewed.

PMID- 4074208
TI  - Treatment of juvenile laryngeal papilloma with a combination of laser surgery and
      interferon.
AB  - The therapeutic results obtained from the treatment of juvenile laryngeal
      papillomas with combined laser surgery and alpha-type IFN treatment are reported.
      Three cases of papilloma occurring under four years of age were found to be of
      the fulminant type with a strong tendency for recurrence. The results were
      complete remission of papilloma in two cases and a residual trace in one case.
      Thus, at present, control of the disease has been successful. A combination of
      several modes of treatment may be necessary for a more lasting therapeutic
      effect. Currently, no single method has been used to treat the disease. Laser
      surgery and IFN are both powerful therapies for this tenacious disease.

PMID- 4074210
TI  - The use of allograft stapes.
AB  - Since 1981, we have used the stapes allograft, singly or in combination with
      homograft incus, in 20 cases of tympanoplasty and in 7 cases of fixed stapes. All
      of the allograft stapes discussed were procured, processed and stored in 1980 by
      the Hyogo Ear Bank, the first to be established in Japan. The stapes allograft
      was used in three situations: an intact posterior canal wall, an open
      mastoidectomy cavity, or a fixed stapes (postinflammatory, congenital or
      otosclerotic). Two modalities of positioning of the donor stapes were attempted:
      (1) the allograft stapes was placed in the normal position and a shaped incus or
      cortical bone or tragal cartilage was placed on the top of the stapedial head and
      connected and (2) the allograft stapes was placed in the upside-down position and
      the columella was placed on the stapes footplate. Better results were obtained
      with the allograft stapes placed in the normal position. A two-stage operation,
      first to place an allograft stapes in the normal position with myringoplasty and
      then ossiculoplasty, was preferable to one-stage middle ear surgery.

PMID- 4074209
TI  - A case of polyradiculitis with hearing loss: analysis of auditory brain stem
      response.
AB  - A case of acute polyradiculoneuritis accompanied by rare complications of the
      VII, VIII and IX cranial nerve disorder was described. There was an elevation of
      the rubella virus antibody titer, which suggested the case had been infected
      before. Thirty-eight year-old woman complained of bilateral tinnitus and was
      proven audiometrically to have sensori-neural hearing loss. Electroacoustical
      examination disclosed that all the waves were suppressed and that wave I and V
      were barely detected, while wave II, III and IV were absent. The neurological and
      audiological disorders were successfully treated with corticosteroid, and the
      patient had neither sequelae nor recurrence.

PMID- 4074211
TI  - Homografts of the tympanic membrane with malleus; histological study in cat.
AB  - The present experiments on cats were performed to explore the process of survival
      and take of transplanted homografts of tympanic membrane with malleus, the
      homografts being respectively preserved in 4% and 0.5% formalin (pH 7.0)
      solutions, and to explore the reaction of middle ear mucosa of the recipient. The
      present study also included gross and histopathological examinations of the
      eardrum and observation of fibers of the lamina propria of the transplanted
      tympanic membrane by means of polarizing microscopy and of vascularization by
      intravascular India ink injection. The experiments conducted using a total of 96
      cats yielded results leading to the following conclusions. 1) After six months
      the transplanted tympanic membrane showed nearly normal histologic features, with
      a fibrous layer between the lining epithelial and thin mucosal layers. The middle
      ear mucosa also became thinner and was covered with ciliated epithelium at this
      stage. 2) As regards vascular distribution, most vessels entered from the
      peripheral regions to become distributed all over the eardrum with mutual
      anastomoses. 3) Fibrous tissues of the lamina propria of the pars tensa of the
      transplanted eardrum remained intact over the six month period. 4) The
      transplanted malleus was neither destroyed not absorbed, and proved to survive
      well with active vascularization. 5) The microscopic changes observed in the
      middle ear mucous membrane of the recipient showed non-specific reactions to
      Gelfoam. The grafts were not subjected to immunological rejection. Homograft thus
      offer the best grafting material, but seemed to show poor resistance to
      infection.

PMID- 4074212
TI  - Malignant melanoma in the maxillary sinus--a case successfully treated with
      radiotherapy.
AB  - In this paper, we present a case where radiotherapy was very effective against
      malignant melanoma. We performed a total maxillectomy as the primary treatment,
      but the tumor recurred rapidly in the operated wound. Then, the patient was
      treated with 50 Gy in twenty-five treatments. After that, the tumor disappeared
      remarkably. On the other hand, this malignant melanoma was of the amelanotic
      type. We carried out a Fontana's stain and electronic microscopy to provide the
      criteria for the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. The pathological character of
      this malignant melanoma was investigated.

PMID- 4074213
TI  - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the hard palate.
AB  - A case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma originating in the hard palate was presented.
      Histological diagnosis of the removed mass at the first operation was pleomorphic
      adenoma. Tumor recurred at the same site three years later. Subtotal maxillectomy
      was performed and recurrent tumor was histologically diagnosed as low grade
      malignant mucoepidermoid carcinoma. A two-year follow-up showed no evidence of
      recurrence. The low grade malignant mucoepidermoid carcinoma strongly resembles
      pleomorphic adenoma. The differential diagnosis is important for the better
      treatment and prognosis.

PMID- 4074214
TI  - Factors influencing semen characteristics in boars.
AB  - Factors influencing semen characteristics in young boars reared in a subtropical
      environment were studied. Age had only a slight effect on semen volume, but had a
      significant effect on sperm concentration, total sperm in the ejaculate and daily
      sperm output (DSO), there being marked increase in boars over 12 months of age
      compared with younger boars. Boars aged between 8 and 12 months had a DSO of 8.1
      +/- 2.6 X 10(9) compared with boars 13 to 15.5 months with a DSO of 14.3 +/- 3.9
      X 10(9) and boars aged 16 to 18 months with a DSO of 15.2 +/- 6.2 X 10(9). A
      highly significant correlation was found between bodyweight and all the semen
      characteristics examined, the highest correlation being with total number of
      sperm in the ejaculate. Daily sperm output was not significantly correlated with
      testicular size as measured by width or length in the live animal. Copulatory
      behavior had little influence on semen characteristics. Semen characteristics
      studied were not found to be adversely affected by season. A highly significant
      correlation between total volume and fluid volume, total volume and gel volume,
      and total volume and sperm concentration was found, but no correlation was found
      between total volume and total sperm in the ejaculate. Fluid volume was
      correlated significantly with gel volume, sperm concentration and total sperm in
      the ejaculate. A highly significant correlation was found between sperm
      concentration and total sperm in the ejaculate.

PMID- 4074215
TI  - Diseases and parasites of cattle in Vanuatu.
AB  - A study of cattle diseases was carried out in Vanuatu from 1971 to 1981.
      Tuberculosis was discovered in 4 herds and eradication was completed by 1981. The
      number of farms with brucellosis reactors increased from 2 in 1976 to 7 in 1978
      despite eradication measures. Antibodies to serovars Leptospira
      icterohaemorrhagiae, australis, sejroe and canicola were demonstrated by the
      microscopic agglutination test. Antibodies were demonstrated against infectious
      bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis and bovine virus
      diarrhoea/mucosal disease complexes. Of the 18 parasites identified,
      Haemaphysalis longicornis, Haemonchus, sp, Oesophagostomum phlebotomum and
      Neoascaris vitulorum were the most prevalent. As brucelossis is the only serious
      disease present, Vanuatu is in a favourable situation with regard to cattle
      diseases.

PMID- 4074216
TI  - Measurement of semen production rates of boars.
AB  - Frequency of semen collection was used to determine methods of stabilising
      epididymal sperm reserves in young boars in order to measure daily sperm output
      which then allows estimation of daily sperm production. By collecting from boars
      3 times a week (Monday, Wednesday and Friday) most boars reached epididymal
      stabilisation within 4 weeks and the daily sperm output could be calculated from
      the following 6 collections. A more rapid method of measuring daily sperm output
      was achieved by collecting from boars 4 or 5 times during one day and daily for
      the following 4 days. Daily sperm output measured by this method was not found to
      be significantly different from the method requiring collections over a 6-week
      period. Frequency of collection had a significant effect on semen
      characteristics. Collecting 3 times a week resulted in significantly greater
      volumes, sperm concentration, total number of sperm in the ejaculate and daily
      sperm output compared with collecting at intervals of 48 h. A collecting
      frequency of 48 h resulted in significantly greater volumes, sperm concentration
      and total number of sperm in the ejaculate but not daily sperm output when
      compared with collecting every 24 h.

PMID- 4074217
TI  - Non-infectious factors affecting the presentation of dairy cows to artificial
      insemination and the result of mating in south western Victoria.
AB  - The records kept by 4 artificial breeding centres in south western Victoria were
      examined and analysed by multiple regression analysis to determine whether daily
      fluctuations in the number of dairy cows presented for insemination, and daily,
      monthly and annual fluctuations in the result of first service, were associated
      with either climatic conditions or nutritional factors assessed as the
      availability of conserved hay and oats as feed supplements in the district. Over
      a 122 day observation period from July to October 1974, the number of cows
      presented daily for insemination was negatively correlated with daily rainfall
      total (p less than 0.01), wind speed (p less than 0.001) and barometric pressure
      (p less than 0.05). When the mean value for barometric pressure was used in the
      regression equation, rainfall totals and wind speeds above zero were associated
      with a mean reduction of 13.8% in the number of cows presented daily for
      insemination. The daily percentages of cows not resubmitted for service within 60
      days of first service (non-return rates) were unrelated to climatic conditions
      and to the number of cows presented for insemination. The monthly non-return rate
      had a negative correlation (p less than 0.001) with the cost of oats but was not
      related to corresponding climatic changes. Annual non-return rate fluctuations
      were negatively correlated with the cost of oats (p less than 0.001) and with the
      July to October rainfall total (p less than 0.01). It is suggested that the
      correlation of non-return rate with the July to October total rainfall was due to
      an effect of rainfall total on the nutritional value of the pasture.

PMID- 4074218
TI  - Relationship between the resistance of cattle to Haemaphysalis longicornis and to
      Boophilus microplus.
AB  - Cattle that had been exposed to Haemaphysalis longicornis were as susceptible to
      Boophilus microplus as cattle that had never been exposed to either species of
      tick. Cattle with acquired resistance to both species ranked consistently for
      levels of resistance to each when infested separately. Concurrent infestation
      with H. longicornis had no effect on ranking for resistance to B. microplus. The
      coefficient of concordance between the rankings of individuals on their levels of
      resistance to both species of tick was positive, but was not statistically
      significant. We conclude that the tick antigens that stimulate host resistance
      are species-specific and do not cross protect. The apparent correlation in
      rankings for resistance to the 2 species may be a consequence of either an
      individual's immunological responsiveness to tick antigens or to non-specific
      host factors which determine levels of resistance. The apparent correlation
      suggests that co-selection for resistance to different tick species is
      practicable.

PMID- 4074219
TI  - Vertebral osteomyelitis due to Nocardia in a dog.
AB  - Vertebral osteomyelitis in a Kelpie crossbred bitch was diagnosed on clinical and
      radiological grounds. Nocardia spp was isolated from a sample of the infected
      bone obtained during surgery. Decompressive surgery was performed in an attempt
      to relieve the pressure of the infected vertebrae on the spinal cord. The
      contraindication of the use of corticosteroids is emphasised when dealing with
      back pain of unknown aetiology.

PMID- 4074220
TI  - A papova-like virus infection of lovebirds (Agapornis sp).

PMID- 4074221
TI  - Coccidia associated with enteritis in grower pigs.

PMID- 4074222
TI  - Systolic fluttering of the noncoronary cusp of the aortic valve and the posterior
      wall of the aortic root--a sign of mitral regurgitation due to dysfunction of the
      posterior leaflet of the mitral valve.

PMID- 4074223
TI  - Pseudohypertension; the radiologist's role.

PMID- 4074224
TI  - Mucoid impaction of the bronchi.

PMID- 4074225
TI  - Pulmonary nodule in secondary syphilis.